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ȵĿԼָָңԶ䴩͸ʱͿռ䣬͸ָĩҴݵԡˣˮ͸Ǳġ
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һɫĳÿһ˿ͬҹǳĹɫı־ͷǹ̳ٴ󣬻ƴ
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趨һ˵ˣһƯĻѪҰṩһЩؼ۵Ʒ
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˵ģڶ֪ıʲôʮĽ죬ڵϷѾ˹طıԵܲ߻ԼĽɫž޴ı
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һ˫ɫ۾ɵԲģȻЩڵٴٻ˵ȴʲôûˡ
һ˲ǰԼò͵ĸЧ⻷ĿС˽ǮһصϣǧϷȻ֪ʲôҲ֪Լôôһֱ˲ݸɱġ
Ŀ޹ģûмлʧء
ؿһöӣƵӣϷĳӡһƥһֻ𺣶࣬ı䡣ʵһֻʨƷƷһ
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˿ڣһһ̣Ȼһһƥѩ׷·մȾİмжͬʱз类˺ѵʶ̧һֱֻۣһֻ档
ģȻǿԺ﹵ͨġ
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ϲģͯѷһϵϲԵĸԼܶܶණ
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ڵرлյԼ
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ϹһƹСиӻοջƣ衣ȷöûʵôҲȷŹֵࡣ
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룬ԼϴĸϸϸĽ𻷡绹ǽλôûǮˣߣǮá
ϲסڿˮԴĵطԹʱ඼ˮӡҰ·ȫûͷԳŸˮķߣҵ·
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2  2 


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֪Ӧôͣ˵ߵԣҲȷ߶ǷѺáԣָָֻʱ֣ȻٴοһĸŮıؾ񣬹۲ǵͶ
ЩƫݣɹߣƤ״̬ãгҧۼŮͲ󣬵кӣϸ˵ӦòرͷЩףҲ࣬ؽͣзʪ
ϸ˿˿֣СĿһִʮޣֻ۽ɿƳһۡ
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ϸЩŵصһǿΪ·˵վǸŮҪǰߡ
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ϸɫ΢΢һ䣬ƺûֽסԼŮ˵ҪֲҪ
ô᲻ҪǼҾһŮĸױأڨڨס죬̲סͷȥ
΢΢һЦŵøСȸһֱĸ׵ĺ档
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󿴵һЩǣˣһʯͷڸӡܶ˽Ϲһ鲼ϵƤɹ˽ɫͷǶ̵ġ
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յĿۣԼҵأġ
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һ˲е㸴ӣ֪ǸʱѾѾƣçԭʼʱӦþȻýŲȵķʽѾƣ־ͻȻӰ
ׯһӵʵеĹȨļ˾ʼѱ󣬻ѾƣɼǸţֻʱԸϣи翵飩Ѿʼ׷֮ľᡣ
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5  5 

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Ϸ䷽ϸʵģһħ趨䷽мƳɹ
ȫ֮ԼˮɾˮڣðˮϴԼ֡ʵûʲôãΪˮĳӦֱӴӺȡˮûй˺йкܶۿϸͼ档
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6  6 

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Ҫٿ仯жԼǼͣ³Ѱµŵ㡣
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7  7 

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ûиܵѹҡͷʾûбţ˿
˹صƣһԽ׼ƽȵᣬһû߳ʵûʲôЧһϵд˱Ȩƺ̬ǡɫòҲǱȳ΢ɫһЩ
ŶġˡִָܹߵȽͨˡ
˵ģִ˴֪ʶʹСܵĽϰߵʳסУԽçܵõȺЧȻȺסҪͱһ֮ӱȽϣ˭˭ӮͲ˵ˣϾߵ֮ҲűƺϢơ
ȻԱʿЩƽǺˣһƽӶոȡϢ;ǵϢʮ־ˡ
ԴԽȷʵʱһ¡Ͻһ£ΪûǿơϢתΪʵҪණ綯ֲȨƵȵȣЩǡǡǴԽǷȱġ
λԳ˹׼ٿʱȨȴҪη
ԭȷʵֻв׼ͨ˼ҵĺӣͲסжڱ˵׼٣ĴվǰǡˡݵҲȡ١ݵҪǿ
ϰףĽ
Ȼ֪ضǰðʹֺ̼ıߡ˹ҲзǰеĶ̬
˹֮ǰյģǰ˵׼ٵݣΪ̽һ
һԷڡ١޾η֮ģ顢ûа㲨
˵ƽգҳԱҲ٣ĸҡһ˲ıܷӦƭ˵ģ˵ĵȷȷȫûаѡ١һְ

ɢ߿ϵ˹Цó˹ذ⣬ôһЩ̴ӣȥѰһ¡
̽˵ǵһʱ䷢ԼǱɲ̽ˡ
ȻԤ룬һͷ£̾һЧʡǰղŷ飬ϲʿ̽ʱЧ˵ȷʵ̫ˡ
̫ϲ˵ѣ˵úÿܻӭ˶ó˵ѣⷽԼӳɡ
֪洿ƵϲԿܣ֪Ķŵĵ·˳СʱҪΪϲͣģЩȴһԡ
ܿ͸㱣ɫǸСģַʵ
˹΢ЦŵȴĻشʮ㡣
¶ԥ;ᣬ侲˼ŶԲߡ
һԵĻҪĻȥԲαŷһּٸʵʾǸöԼ˵ģôȵϱԲʵ
ҪľǱ˵޷⣬ĿհԽռԽ
һ£վߵſڡ԰ֶ֣˹΢ЦʾǸϡ
˹룬ȥ֪׼ʲô
һֱߵһտԺһʼѵǸطؿڵӣΣûǰͰɫӥͿٵǰ
Ĵڰĺ˹֪ѩһëҲȱߴƯϵҲǷͷͿסߵ壬ŵŹ̶λúͳķ
ǲս˹ܵһʱ俴ļֵڡ
˹Ѿ룬׼ȥҽһԡ
ǰɫӥȴǵһμǴ׵ģɫëϻɢһһİߵ㣬һ㲻Ӱаǿơվֱϣںڵ˫Դѹȸеɨˣԡ
һһӥԽҰĵĶòԼȵһٸɫ˵ķ
ͷϵëٰһ°˹ҡҡͷ
Ļûʲô˼˹ȴˣ£Ӿָӥôǹһˣ
Ȼһ¾ˣͻȻǰ˳۶ˣͷٴο϶˵
˹ź޳ʶԥһǲӦøӥʹߣҲı־ӥΪϺʥңκ´Ҳһ
ҪǣΪҵϵԭһ˵ڴ󲿷ֹҵӥ֮һӥҲʥ֮һҲ˵ңӥͬ
˵״϶Ǹҵˡ
ѵʹ
˵ðʹʹҲûա˹ץסħŪԳŮͶߣûмġݣȷʵһη
Ĳص˹ͻȻ֣Լһ˫峺˫ۣȻ᲻˼
ʱİĶˣɫӥGôͨԵӥ
˹һ㣬ȴ˵ҴδӢһ𣿡
ԥһ£˿һ㣬һֻץүһˬתӡ
Ȼ˹ûү˦һ³İɫͷˬش˸ǣһ˫۴źӥһ߰ġƾҲðҡζȫȻܾ
εһܲЩ˵İϷֻر߰Ͽ˭ǡ˵˶ɷʡ̬
˹ȴûκβˣﰵ룺Ȼ쳣
Ȼע⵽ǸĿһʶĳȺɫι֪ʲôᵽһ㣬ҿӦúζٶ˵ζ
δĹʵ
˹ʾⰢ£Ժֻʣ˹Цʣôȴ̩ͨһʮֹŹֵԣϱһС壬ʶ˶٣˵ľ͸١
ЩﶼԶ룬ûиоκβԣ΢Цź˹ͷʾԼġ
˹Цݱøһ㣬ȻһҵԣǱһǿļ˾ͨ䲻УְԱרõġ
̩ǸĹң»ϲġ
ɺ΢Цҵͷ
ҪҪȥطһֻһׯиȤ˺¡һõһֺͨ
ȥط룬ͷ
˹ǰȥ̽һճٹ֮ԣȴῪʹá˼Ѿвͬ
˹˵ΪԷǲԼ˼֣ƽ٣ֱָģ·Ķһ߻ؿ˹
ֺһɵľٶ˹ĵ㣬Сëɦһġ
ɵ𡭡˹ܾ׼Լʱ˿̵顣ֻǾһΪʲôƭļȵĸо
ʵϣһҲǳѧϰġѾ׼ص뿴̩ĵطõѡ񡣡˹¶һ᲻ĵºЦݣ⣬ǿһ𣿡

8  8 

ԥԥ졣
ǸԳ˹һֱڣʱ˹񣬶ĴͶϼ˾һòҲûƶҪҪһֻʱ̬ȸºһ㣬˵һЩȤķ飬ȻǺϣһͬС
ǿӲȫð͵ľемܲסˡ
˹˵ЩطϰĺȤоҪǺѧŲԴһУȤҲṩٱϡ
Ȼֻк£Σһ٣ҲܿͬбΣաζĥԼִĺۼҲ޷֤¶һ㲻׵
⣬಻ܱ֤λͬߵǷһĺơ
Űͷëˢգʪ۾ƺʣʲô
Ҫʱȥԭס򽻵Ǳ޿ɱܵ顣ĽǶȳĿѾܲһԸһһߣṩһЩϢ
뿪ʱ֮һηֵϢĿɹһ֪ҲûжĹ߰ʶ磬ôһܹý߾ѵÿɹˡ
ϸ֮Ӧͬе롣
뿪һգѼö͸ϼ˾ȻһʼϽܣҲûбĸʵĶҪӹһЩҲЩû⹦ЧĽ͡
ϼ˾һë̺˵ùǰëĲֱ֯ģϳë޵ƷܺʵҲϺʺʼ
ë̺һ͹Ļһķٱӣ£õʮֹ⻬
ӷë̺֮ʣ࣬Ͱ֮ǰɹ·ҲŽȥ
ֻǰ̫˰ٱӷϣ˹ƽıʾԷں
Ȼ˶˶ԷĶ飬ҲŤֱ̬ͬˡ
һ֧ʮɵĶ飬ǿĴ󺺣ͭľͷƳTȹ·мһнֹĿбӡ
ѵصսʿսʿְҵڣжϡԡ̳ˡͷεҪ̶˸ʵ֪ᱻôרҵʿȫ̱˹λֵԲ͡
ͬʱܵĶҲࡣ
ϰ°̿·Ͼһš
˹߻ЩľƺɢɫȻϵ󣺡䣬Ҫһô˵գӦɫһЩһǳɫĺʵϡ
Ӷůסһ˫ָ˶ϵ˳һ£ڡһ룬˫ѾջȥʱپܾƺҲ̫ʡ
ӥһ𣿡˹ʡ
һ±תעָָգ˹Ͳٶ˵ʲôˡ
һڴׯΧ߳ƽĵطϿԿǴӸط̽ĳܵӣһʼϼ˾ĸŮ
վڴڵλãǾͿʼƴҡ֣ע⵽Ǹ˺Ů˱ŵĺӣ߻и߰Ĵӣ⿴һˡ
Ļ߳ȥԶóéסˣԷֹ
벻Ҫᣬ˾ǺӣЩл񡣡˴һͷɽ򣬻һӶʹЩˣʾͬϵ˹
Ǵ͸л񡣡˹һۣתͷ˵
ûһ㲼ʲôǿɽҡͷˡ
ϥȥ룬ͷΪƽеҪϣǲǾͺͼСγһֵǮԷֲǸ˼ңһֻ򻹲ǴѪ
뵽˹ҡͷ
ǲ£ֻǲᰲġܵ͸ͱóһ˺ͼ޷һµõӦ˹˽ԷܾδǺ£֣̿ΪԼʲôϲ
ȻûȷʹӣǽסǵĺԶ׼ʵôҲǱزٵġ
֪ߵķףϰƾǻ˵ϰߣĵطȷܾǲöԡǾô˼ҪʣҲ²֡
ǣڿ﷭һ£һЩ׼ǮõСΣǽġ
˹𻷴ﻬ䵽ϣĶ
ҳһŵʹ׹ôеףⱴǵĵ׹Ƭûκͼ֡
׹һָǱһĿڣ˼ܼ򵥣Ϊһ͸Է
Լˣ˹ҲͷͰѶùȥˡ
˹ûи׹ȶԷжءϼ˾ǱѾ֪λͶԽǮ޸ĽƺͷʱȡõĶͳȥҲۡ
֮ûע⵽ʱ˹ȴԸһõȼ۵ĲƥǱҺǸⱴǵ׹֮ǰѾͳȥĽָϼ˾ֳɫѵĽӣû˵ʲôһϵˣλеġ
ǵģ˹ܿ϶ƭӣǲӣȴҪԼʦͼλȷϹС
ԷԼеϡͿģ·ĸӵܡʵ̫࣬˵Ҳᣬǿȴ˵һʾ
˹һͥĻȥϸЩװΪ٣ڵġ
ЩҲǣ֪ôģ߾ǹһϸһرĹУ顢ë֪߱֯ԭϡĪǴ¹Ʋ˿ģ
ĹﳣᵽƷ֯ŮѣùƲ֯ȡȥɫһ˸ǵǰʵ
˹Ѿʦż˵ҪѰˡﵽҪʮգʱ㹻˽ͣҲ㹻ʦ׼
ӽپС£ÿһζСıȻÿһζǺ¡ʷйصӺŮЩµϣЩµƻ
˹ʦÿϣ̩⼸ճһֱ̫ãǰöࡣὫƽ񹩷ʳַȥȷѵʱڶȻ˻һһӡ
ҲûܵĹ͹Ҳû飬ʳÿʦΪ˰̾ʮ
˴˹һΪռ׼ȷϢж̩ʳȱΪʳ£û㹻صƽͥѾһЩСйɿ˵̩Ѿˣˡ
˼˱࣬ƽΪ˵ҲˣҶԾǺ¡
λӣϣٿµģǵ̩ˣδֻ̩һ顣
˹ûӽʳ⣬ϾΪϵ˭ܸıǴĴſԣ鶼Ǹ˾ְֻԼְΧڵ£ôҲŤתǬ
ڴλܴ̩һµϣȴ֪λҲͬ⡣
˹ҵĻͼչָҿģʲô·Ҹøһ𣿡һ·⡣
ȼɭϵ磬ҪôվʳǰλãѾעΪ߻߰ߣôҪΪߡúʵ
û̫˼ϵľܵ׷Լڡ
Ŀǰ˽⵽ߣŵ˵ȨߣűϿɵġ߹Ѫͳָ߹ʵһ֡ĺᡯĴʹ߳ɹ
Щ˵̽ԽԽϸ̬ȣһʲô϶ΪĳƽȺĴڡʷϲ£ͨΪĳЩʱ޷£ϿɣΪܺ͡졯͡顯ͨڣȡȨ͵λ
ѾɷԸӲ

9  9 

ϲ˵ѣһֶʾҪڣֻҪжֻҪֳ֤ĲͬѰһ棬Բһϵе
֮ǰǸŮӤٻӥЩ
ƭκˣҪúõػȥ
Ϊһ߿׹ڳ֮ǰϷ˷ˡػôãţԼ;ֹҪȥмֵ塣
Сׯ߹ĴׯҲʮգǵһгʯͷǽĳС˹ѡһ·һȦΪռϢҪŻصȻѡ·ߡ
ó˹ѧϰߵԣ˹һЩڱصϢԵϢ
˵ߣз̲סøУĹ̩øС
˹ϸĵչϸÿһҪԼһ޼ѡ̫Σˣֹػֵܣ֪Էܺܶ࣬Ҳܸӣ̲סǸˡ
ţͷ˹ҲڶԼ˼
Ϊͯʱڵ⾭˹ϲ˵˶˽ƷЩӣǸżãȻ޹ؿԼͣǻ̲ס뿿һ㣬һ֣һ˫峺۾
̫ˣ˹ΪԼʲô߱**ҩ
֮һձһչŹ֣ȴûвø
γʮֵ͵Ҳ͵£װ̶ֻӣϻģװ˻
˹ĶھԶĵط̩ͣĵڶСĮҲ»ƵڵĳС
˹ϣĴڱ䷢֣ǾͨͽĶ󣬱Ű޴ҡɫ
ԣ˹Уֻפ
˹ûж˵̫ˣһĻ쵰ֻóһҺڲ˵ҪѰһڣΪ̫ˡĸͷ̬׵ëһжǺڰеĵյôҫۡ
ǵĳĵܵܣϲӶһϲĶˡ鱦ϡֻҪţ۾Ǿġ˹ƻػصİ취ȥĮ
ԣѵһǵĳǰĹԱһֻйȨûȨô
ʳ˹شѵǳеˣ
̩ٷ֮ʮϵػڹĹϽΧڣЩûгֻгʣµĶӵгģһ
ϲһӻ߳ӣ͸һУΪҪ˰̩ķɣǳ˵㡣
ȻֲģΪʱпˬĹֵŪջسǳء
ͱһĹ˹׾˾ˣѾŪ߸ֵܺͲֵܣջСЩջĳвѾ͸ϲĶǡ
һδĹһظ̡
˹һֱ룬Į˾ܽҹ˵ĹͣʵΪװ׵ظˣһֻԺֵķҪв
ƽգ˹ںƾ˾˴򽻵һϣ˾ðӵˡϲɫɫжԣò˺òŮһġ
˹ϣϲһֳĲǳܡ˹û뵽ǣûΪľܾǣİðһࡣ
˹״Ҫȥ׷ס½ǵ֣ȻдͷһֹסŲ
˹û⡣ȫı˵ʣĴָĸָģĴָ䣬ллġ
ȥռ䣬صġ
˹ջؿȥһֻšԷԼ֣ȤƳԺԼֵǿˡ
˹ûԼֽϵñͷϣȻԼϵһΧΧĲϣס룬¶һ˫ۡ
˹һֻһֻ󣬶еȻһЦ󡣡
ʵڲϰֳ֣϶Էյøˡ
˶࣬ɢ
һȺ߽ǵĶ顣
󿴵׳ʮ׸ߵʯͷĳǽһʯͷĹţͬʱͨУŵ׸ߵʯʨӺͷӥ
Űɫ鲼ĳºͰȹͭʿڳſڣĿбһĵ
Į̩ڶСǣ˹ܵ
עȫڽŵϡ
װϡʯΡƥΣⶼεƷǺ͸Ƶûκβͬ
˹Щ̩õĻ˵ĶҲǴͬС죬Ҳ໤
ȷʵǼΣյĹҪǿҰ޴򽻵ʱϲѺõĳУﱻѺܻҪǼ
ôΣյĹôȥֻ
˽ְҵ˹˵ЩֻҪһĻȥǮͻˡǸʱȥҲزԳǰǶᰲźе顣
ܶһһ׬һӵĻãǸ߷ո߻رְҵ
ֻҪ˳Ǿͺˣ̩ķɷǳϸ͵һµĲҪӣ͵һϵĲֱӴԵ˳ͲٵĻﱻ߻͵ߡǵıϣһ̶ӣǷ糾ͣҫŹâͺʱֹ˾Ҫʴһ𷢵Ա
ͷһ֣ҪӵУҰ̩ûֱ̩ܲĹȡҪ̩ܶë̺ȥ̩ë̺ǳ
̶Ҳҡ
˹ͣÿ춼̶ӽΪĮĳϲЩʵõĶԸôǮЩȻҪΪ̩һʮѺõĹңʿЩ˵İȫ̩صҲġ
˹һһ̩һ棬ֲֻĸԴͶսݡ
ʵϣˣҵӦò̫ϲ̩ǿƣɱȽϸϸҴϵ¶ս֣սϲַȥ߸ܻȥ
Ϊȱʺϸӵأ̩ũҵҵҵԣ⻹ҵǿյĶӡ
ͭΪһǿ۹̩ͭļʿǿһ
̩кܶͭ󣬻õͭˣЩͭԸ㵽ũ£ܶ嶼ͭũڸ֡ϧֹͭõͭҲһƽ񼴱ǮҲֻʹһЩʯʵũߡ
Եģ̩Ϊǿũҵϵĳɾ;ЩǿˣϾǿ⼸ʮͻȻչıһЩǳܻӭڱ֮Ρ
ҲΪʲô̩ڴײУȴ˲ԶǧԭЩԼ㲻ʮֳڵĹƷ̩߶ܻȡ߼ۣĮɵǮķһξܳԱˡ
̶ҪȥҪȾʿļ飬ֹΣյ˻߶϶ĶҲҪǼǵģһʲô⣬Ҳ㡣
һרŵǹԼ¼һ֧֪ʲôֲĸıʣںɫ״īմһմȻдһźƤάֽϡƳһۣǺܸӵ֣֡
ÿһĶ飬ֻֽһУǹٺż¼ƺλǹ١
ʿܽؼÿһĻ
һʿ߹ߣȻֹסŲתŶ˹ע⵽üͷ΢һ£̤һں档ʿͬһʲô
㡭ֺ
ʿͬպñʲôûżʲô㣿Щٶȿһ㣬Ĵ˶ء
ȴǵ̶Ӻܶ࣬ʿֻ÷ʼ顣
˹αװ̶ûκ⣬ԼͱˣУĮﲻͳ̶֮ӽ涼ֻǵƥա
ǵģգ˵ɳĮҵ̶ӡ
ʿ̧ͷǱǵķ򿴣ʿͬر֣ôˣ̶޵輧ô
Ǹˡζʲôĳأ

10  10 

Įר̶ӵһضͽס˹˾ȥһΪ˽ҵ
һƬ̶ӣЩ̶Բͬҡ
۹⿴ĮҲóĹԶС
ˣȻﶼò࣬·ʽҲûʲôرԵ𣬿ԭסЩ˵ҹһԡ
֮ǰ̶ӣǸŽϲͬ٩٩̸
̩˷ǳǵͷͺӣ˵ÿҪϴһͷͺ룬Ȼ໤㿴ЩͷˣһƯĺ룬һ̩ˡһ̩˵ĳĺӺͷ֪ӴֲڵȢš
Ǹ̵һηֱ治̶ͬӵˡ
ϸع۲죬棬̩ŮһͷгɫƤɫǳɫҲм̰ɫ۾ȽԲɫڿɫϵ
ֿ˹ǳɫƤɫ۾ɫľ˳й󡣺Ӷ޵ģӦͲ̲סЩ˹͡
ǡǡ෴޹һһ붼ʢƽͱʯūȥĮ￪ɣȻýƷõĻ͸޹Ů˶Լͷụ́ܶɹͷҪʱϼٷƤȽϲװνͱʯĶȹܺϡ˵
ͿָĵطҲһ̶ӣǣһա˵Ƥһ㣬ӽɫͷ̣ӣ°ͱȽϿ촽Ҳ΢һ㣬ǺܴҪһһضԱȲֳ
ˣϵıκΣ޲ȫ֪ЩںϣʻҶڸ֮䴩У˵ӤӾͱǺܻӭŮ˺͹ǶϲЩǼǣֻҪںһܵõܶ䱦
߳ɳ˷ɫ죬ֺںں죬ȽϳɫǳɫܿԵ𣬱˵ǷǳԣͷߣѱȽ
꣬ǱˣǺǱǿĹңǿĺϾӡ˶࣬ǵǱߣҲǶƯŮ˻һʯǸҲӭǣǵ౦ȴڷָһ㡣ϲŮˣŮ˶һţһƯƤظƨɡ
˺˺ֻϵ·ǳܣࡣעطɹԷɫô׵ģǳɫȴŷˡ
󿴵ʮרע˹һǸȤҲΪһһܡԱøӾ룬ӵ˵Ļ԰ǵΡ
ͷһ˫ɫӣǼ⼸Ǽ⡣
̫ˣò̫ϰ߱˽е㲻Ӧǿϱˣ֮乴ƺкʽô˹ֻһ˵Ҳְɣ
ͷ˻ڽ̵ˡ
пˣͷвɫëûĳ۰ԼȫĳۺɵŮȸëɲɫ˿߱֯ɡ
ۣ֪䵽ʲôغͺ鰡Ҽһ͸޹ĳۣпǹļױ̫ģͺץϼͲʺ磬ӺɫӴѰɫȻ֯һϡ
һпǳҪʮսūȥֻпòŮԱֳۣ֯ǾͺͳһһֵǮһĳģȢһͺˡ
ƿôǸеֵʡ
ǲ˵淢ô֪˵䣬ѾȺͷϴŲɫëŲɴʰ쵵ӣͬһȺȸпܹȥ
سſ˫֣籼Ĵһϲ
ĹǱ۶֭ǴĻҷԸ׷ҷ۷䣬ʱΧԡĹøҵӶҵķӣҵķӽҵϣƺԸҵһ仨ҵҰϣҰᡢӡƺ㣬Ҳѱӽ㣬ڸϡ
˶ˣϸϸĸ첲֢췸ˡַϻӭʿһƬ̵ĸʣǻ̹黳سģ
ֶİô׿
ɫϰף
ԷĲֱӸһƣһå
ȸһŮҲþ峿ּĻ
ƲȸУۿޣҰˮɢҶϣƲȸҶˮҰˮϣ̶ˮѽС磬Ʋô䣿Ůת࣬ЦȻֱ˵ľܾȴĸо
ܾЩɥػͬҲȥοҲȥ·Լ£·ѾϰΪԵСˡ
ϧ㣬ҵ󡭡㱼񿴵˷ǳŵֳʮյȫ
󲢲زЦ·ʵݵСƷȥİСҲһ¸һ㣬Ҫȥη֮ʧܣҪǾԡ
Ǹ̶Ӻ˶סһùݡ˵ùݣʵһż׵ĳⷿģŸɲݺҶѵСſ屾ɫĴ鲼̺ӣһ¯ȡůͿľʲôҲûˡ
ôһùݣȻǹٷģÿһ긾ŮһˮһҪͭļǮǮˣǲġ
ûסùһרſճĳΪʱķ䡣˹ͼıö˶˵ģ˼Ϊʲôأ
ΪΪ
Щκʵ΢ʮգ;ԼŲ˵Ķֲ֣ɫչ˸ûܾҲû
˹͵䳵ᣬòòĿ˵Ѿˣζ֪ϲĿζչ˵̫ϲͥڳԷ͵ʳ飬ַʽʳû⣬Ҫ־塣
󷴶ԼС֮ĶȾ֮ǿĸоͷȵ˹ȥһһԹûиõ鶾ߣС˾С˰ɣһһ
û֮ʼƷṩͣò˵ϼ˾Ǳ߳Եĺ˲ֻһ㡣
һƽ裬һû˵ʯӺƤʮһɫĽļǰԵҰ޵۲˵һ֭ˮֲɬ߲ˣһζľ˵ɫƬͼеľˡ
ṩһСһΪġ
壡
ԵýζһŵСˣžһʮִæĽŲԼе죬ƿȥʲô
Ժӵĸڣ֮ǰǸ˵̶ӣﱾ֧һǵ񣬵ȻִƯµ񣬾ľͷһΣţƤĲһ࿪һ죬ǿԵ굲硣
֮ǰＸΧڿ⣬ȴֻܿΧһȺˡ
壬㲻Ҫ֮ǰĿٴδ

11  11 

˹һʱ䵽ڳϡ
Ǹ̶ӵƺˡ˵
ȥһҲܹˣǱߵƺǵ˲ѾڽֶӰѲƲȥϼҵӺͺӣһȥ븽ҽˣϣʹɡ
˲һʡ
˹¶ɫֲ㺱ġ˲һ顣
ˣûطȺĿ壬˺Ϊˮ֢״ͬиʹģŻ²ֹģп°ĭģͷ۵ģ˽֮Ǳ˵䣬Ҳ֮Ϊ˲
ߵϰߺˮйϵˮôļͲûȳοʱˮ׵岻ʡ
Űʱ˾ȵӣȥʲôʱû׼ԼҩóȥΪ֪ǲǶ֢صҽиõİ취
ȥʱǸ˿ʼ֢״ֶӿŶ˵⼸һֱͷۣһܵ䡣
ҽҲҴҸϵؿ˿˵֢״ߵûг˲׵ĶõĻشûСûж˲£õĻشҲûС
󿴵ҽһְֻڶԷϣдʣʲôʥ˵ıҲׯϲʥ
ҽֻҡҡͷʾ̫ǿˣѾڲƾûа취ġ
󣺣
˵õҽأ
Ʒ֮ҩأ
ֳûκ˾⣬·ҽְ̫ˣϼ˾Ǳ߿Ƽʱȷ䣬ҲḨԲҩȻЩҩûЧδ֪
ҽѾûˣҲһ˵ֶӴ󷴶Ҫҽ
ȫΪ˵֤ԼĲͬѰ˹Ŀĵߡ
һģΪ󲢲˵ļǷŵᣬֲ֪֢ҿҩΪ˵ǲǾҽ־Ʒ֮ͻȻԼ൱׵ġ
ʱҲ뿪ҩȻЩǳڵļġϾˮͷʹԪؽһ뵽ΪnpcڵʱҲǺúѧϰһЩҽ飬ֻһҲûʵ
˻صԼԺӣı˹չ֣ȥԼһɫҩ裬ȻָһָǱȺΧƵĵط
˹ֱʣ𣿡
һ²µ˼Լģھʡ𡯣;һҩһ㲻ҩĹЧ
ͷѡһʮº͵ģܹЧ⳦θʵҩ½˳Ҳûʲôϵ˸ʹࡣ
Ƕ˵ҩãٲ
˹ı˵Ϊһ˵һ顣СźɫСҩ뿪ȥ˸ڵԺӣǱߵѾʼΧ˳ǼһĸãԶ·Ҫ껹硣
ȥ󣬸ͣˣӷ϶￴Ǹ˵ֶ׼ιҩˣ˰ס˵ֽš
ɻʱǲеڴˣİ˲ʶҩȻûһȥҩĺûֱӾ͸ιˡȻ˿ˣʵû
ҩѾˣŰ֮ǱΧŵһ˾շеˮһ־֮̾ǰԱߵǸֿЦ֮ǰҽȥ鿴Ҳ漷
Զ׼һСҩȷʵãһ
ǿҽʦ˹
ҡҡͷǡ
ȷҽֻǻҩһЩҩֻҩʦҽʥְҵűܵľηЦһξˣǲῼרŴְҵġ
ûǿģȥ޷صϲ
ҽʦ
˹ĸÿһԼְиģи෱ܵģиģиʳյģи𱣻սʿĵȵȡ
һʼΪϵȴˡʲô
óҩ߸ŰͰɫӥºͲЩ棬޶ۣ˫红ͯһ⣬һжкĺ̽
𱳸νʹǴС߳Ĺӡ
Ѿǳ˵ģ˹ﻹ˵Ŀɰɰ޴ʱ
ڵԺͻȻһ󻶺ԭҽ˱ˣη١һʱڲ̫ġ
ѾõҲͲٹĽķչصѾˡеǷεż򵥷͹ͺ濾ƤӲͷԽԽ㡣
û˷ʳϰߣʣǾˮԵˡ
ˮǴﵹģЯһƴģоƣǶźɺʯͲɫ觵ˮһƷÿһСʱԶˮ֮ߡ
ˮƷʵĿֱõˮ
һƷ٣ǸϷҲðϷ̫ϷԪأԸƷҲ£ϲһЩŽԼƷᡣ
󲻳棬˹˵л⡪ϲĸл֮ʣ̶һЩĻϼҳһЩϺͱʯһͭ
һԼľԱл⣬ʹ֮˹ͬ˴Լֶȥ
һǼԼĵ裬ſ־һܱ侲ܾӵʵеֹˣҽԺǿҸлҽˣҲпҽֵˣ̫̫ǣԼ̫ˡ
װֵܣһ˴͸ҵľơҳʱһҲڰϣһҪȱˡ˵ػؼңͰȫȹ⡣㣬ҵСֵܣѾҲȲ˾ƣҲԲ⣬ƯŮˡ
˴һԼصƣڳ㣬ҵֵܣһζһҾͻؼˣ֪غͺһᱣԶӣƽػؼҡ
˵ʮָпʱ
ҵγһһǸСӣҵ游һ·ĸңһֱ˶ޡҲһܴܴ󣬺Ĺң˵ǹҵôҵһȥʱպ϶޵ȢпǵĹڽɫϣ洹ɫɴ
ҼȺһ紵ϵɴпĹںڵͷ¹µӳҹյϪˮ׵Ƥ겻ѩ촽۵Ļ꣬ɫɴϣƽͱʯĹâΪ֮ս᲻ݵİǳɡһҪȢһпǵΡ
һ룬һֱ׷ʱΣʵļˡһҸûؼˡлл㣬ҵСֵܣһлȥֲԶļˡ
˱л֮뿪ˣºܶҲ˶ԷһСһĴָİ״ƿҩ裬ǴҩɱθڵĴ󲿷ּͼѡ
ǻɶԷͷۺǼ棬㲻ǣɱҲʲô¡˴ϲƲסϲЦݻȥˡ
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ֻһȺУмֵֽƬ֮ƺһ˵ĸо
˹Щʧؿһ˫۾ƽĴ󺣣յգΪһУͺʯꡣ
ˣΧˣǧǧ˶һԱ֮£˹ЩССԲλ࣬ΪǴĿĵȥջƬϡ
ֻΪ̩ңҲΪ˹Լδǰ;ҪͨȷԼļ̳λһʧ
˹û£ӣûκ塣һ̣ľĹ복ᣬƮɢŵ֬ζһɢĺڰ
˹ͻȻã㲻ҲûϵʲôҲνϣ΢Цµ̩Կĵطһֿסλá
һ˲ĳ嶯СĿ
˹Ƿ̷ļ˾ܹӵɲһ޷**ɫ欵ľһҲûǵĳ嶯ʲô
Ϊ˵ʼΧŻظ裬ٺɫĹһֱսᣬ֡˹˫ӳɫ۾Ҫˡ

12  12 £½òʱĶ^

˹С¶ûгܾãһСӱ
ǸԵˣһй鹦ڡɫ̫̫ᡯ֮󣬾ͻָһʼģʽɫʾãƼ̩Һ˹ˡ
ֻż޷ԿصҸֹûʵɿ
أͷβǱҪϿɵĿѹҲûע⵽˹ʲôԡ
˵ʲôԣҲ͡岻ҪҪȵˮֱаοֱϵһ
ԣ·
ΪóҩЧͼӰ˹ƾ˾˵ע⣬Ͼ˾˳˻ƻرϧһʹ̶뿪
ǵһǵĶ飬سǵ˻һ£ôߡ˹üŪȥˡ
ڳϴڣʳһʮַʢ͡
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ǵģһ֬ϺͲҩ״˹ʾʹֶͿһģһʹð취ûпôҧҧ֮˶ˡ
ֿ⵽ʲô˵ģ֮ȷһЩ
֮ͣԵʢһ͡Ұţ⡢߲ˡۺʽļԿУʢھձ̡ʯ֭
˹˵ĮĲƷܷḻ·õĶѾϡ֮֮ǰԵĶѷµĵ档
ѾߵһԶ⻰ɣ֮ǰɫСȥˣʱ䲻ѿ˱
Ϊһߣһ㲻˹ĶǿȻδĳһҪĻرһҲࡣǰδ꣬û͵ĵǶġ
ٻһιһܲ
бװôĺܲ˹Ѿע⵽쳣ֻûֿռƷĸҲ벻ռװÿռš
ʵϣѾġְͱֳĳȺɫĹʵԽĬ֮һǱܲ
󣺣
ϼߣߵʮְȡ
ǲ֪ǰŲߣų˾ˣϧһ
˹ȷ˾˵˼µ׼׼ġҽȥͰ±ʦʦܵȵͳˣ˵£һҩȻôһ˾Ȼ
ҩҩˣ
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㣡ȹѺûʱˣܱ߻ͷ˵һ·嵽רõĲһƤëĻӣǲ
֮Ĺ۾Ͳϸ˵ˣöġŶ˰죬˷е㲻ԡ
ôȲʹһ幫أ󣩣
ԼĶӣԼĸо쳣ûϲϵˬʶͷԼͰµĶûϳԵĶȫ³
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ÿô๩ǻұˣŭ
˰£ΪϣǲҩͨҽûҽټְְԱ͵
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ȻԼһйϧһдҵǸ̶ӣҽΪǲҩҽƾʲô̶ӽˣȥңҲҲûˣ
Ƿϵ˸磬˽񣬼˹ѧϰµĴʻ㡣
Ѿˡ㡢ҡááԡ󡭡ʮ򵥳ôʻ㣬ԻУѧϰܷ㣬ʱϰԤϰѾԿʼӦ˹Ĳ⡣
˳һߣ˹ӵķԴؾڹΪﱳɽȺߵľ̩ʥɽɽϵѩˮڻϪϪ˷ʢĲԭʳݶ̩֮ˡ
̩֪ҵռӦǾｨ˹ңڣƴ̩ҲһСչĴӵ˸õأ׶һֱڿ
̩ؿĺӵһѾֱͨ󺣣ÿ궼кܶϰƷӸۿڴԴ󺣵ƷԻĮƷԸɽƷǱĮӺΰҷĳС
ԭʼˮͣ˳ˮӣлˮĻͨٺһЩԳΪһУչ˹˵һ㲻⣬ǣȻǸҵԳС
ԽŶʱ˽룬ҲһЩδ
ҪһʺϵľסأΪĺϷ
ϲƯҲϲӡԣҪһǿʵĹңصʱսҺ͵ˣǸطͨḻǱˡ
ǶȿҪ
ҪԼأֲЩƷﻹһЩϲԼĻ԰ֲлҲйߣƷһرãҲ㡣
ЩѡֲҲ֤ĸ˼ֵ׾ٱƷڻҡ
ǵģѾˡҪʱˣһеλûȨƣǾҪƣʱǿһȨһȨ
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˹̽󶼿Ĳ¶ۼִСӵӰ˵ǺԣߴСӴϢԵȡ֪ԷڻԼǡʹ
˹һйػǻڡӡǰᣬʮȴ̲סøС
󣬳һᱻԼֲе㺦һٸԼ
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֮ǰκõּϹè֮ӣҪһδؾ׼֪ԼˮҪƤȥҽˣɱˡ
ңҪ¶Ҿҽ˼ŵȴľ۷壬ĿǱϽңӴܰԵȲĳĳ޾Ϳ㡯ҽ
ԼǶȺͰȫǶȳΪʺԼְҵǡũ
Ŷ׼ȷ˵ǡԼͶгкȵİ׼ԲĽ̵ջǱˡ
ʵϻһ⣬ǹġ
֪δ᲻˥ϣ˥ϵٶȺͨǷһ£Ŀǰͷָ׶ڳ˻ѪҪϢȡʳͳûʲôͬ׼ȰһߣԺ󶨾ٿǡ
˳Ϫߣһֱߵһڣһʮ׵ɺӵۣˮ峺΢
˹˵ʥɽѩˮĺӵ֧
ӵԿʼһЩũм׵ĹϵͳдˡһʲôҲûƽΧһ߲ʲôҲûСԶԶͿϷӡЩūǴ¹ū

13  13 

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ϲ˹Ҳײ˵ĲѣֻЩս룬ǱѹҡѾᱻܵ䡣
󲿷˵뷨ЩūǴСΪ˼룬ӡūҲκεıԹͲ
˹ΪʿûоūĴʲôԣĴںԼһָٹ̵뷨ǲܸıģԽˡ
ԣ˹ͺܻغһū͡
ūſԷֳ֣һּûسҲÿһ´ǡڶǿ׳һѵūūسĽ˻߳ŮΪڼЩ򵥼Ƽ˺ͼ͡
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˹ǷıĵĽྻŬ̷ְԱ
˲̫࣬󲿷ְԱӣŮ˾Լţм˾ȢѪͳĸ߹ŮԡδǵĺѡǱģ̳Լҵ
ͷϮƲְūݡ
ϣūⱲӶܷ޹ĺӣֻҪⷽūĸūȻΪū
д󲿷ֵūսܺĹңЩ塢ͷľǵ°ߵĻ˷ӴӸعģһŮǱ࿡ƭġǻȥİԼ˵Ů
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ūǲūͬ࣬Ƿʵ̫ѣһٸūδһ
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ܣҲūһԱҰޡ
Ķūǳͬ飬ûбֳΪûȥıЩū״̬޷ǵĴôһͬ鶼Եαḡ
˱ǿˣϾôһȺ˺ͳӡ
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˭˽ũȹСȻ࣬ȴ׺ݣë޵ǳɫӣͲ·м򵥵ĲɫƺƤװΣӦòū
벻Ҫᡣ˹˫ֱʾԼû޺ģ׼ȥ̶ӡ뿪ġ
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˹һЩΪƷһŶȹСȥ
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˹ɫ΢΢һ䣬ȥ
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󡣡ڳĺ֣ϣ֡ǡ㣬£Ҫ㡣
Щԣһ·˹ϤչϣԼ˿ʾһϣǵͷ
лл˹˱ھѴǼĲӡ
ģһԼ˫ۣҪ׷½䱸Ҫ档
ȥһӣӺͨڶ࣬ǽϵĻ࣬յ÷õġһȥŵһɲҩζһԵҩɫ֭ˮϽ
Ƥʯһˣɫľɢźİֱϡϡ඼аǰԵ״̬ɫ԰ûѪɫͷȫǺ
кüػأһЩһЩһŹֵͭиιˮġ
˭Աߵҩſ⻹иСŮ˫Ŀͨ죬һ˵Żһ߶ǡ
λǿļ˾ˡ֮ǰӺǳŮֶ˹˵˾ˣ뿴ӵ°ɡ
˹߹ȥûŵһɹζǰ˿ӵĶͷ̣ڷգֳƤ˿ǻ״̬δһӡ
Ѱ⿪Ҫ˿ڵҪɾëˮˮҪеˮǱʲôҧ˵ģҧ˶ˣһʲôʱ򣿡˹һӣһ˼⡣
Ⱥ£Ϊ˵ġʼգụ́һֱ˵λ鴤͡Ůһο޵滨꣬æˣӣ޶ԣе
˹̾˿͸ɳķӣҪɫһҪˤһֻû뵽ͳ¡ɳķӱ˵ôأ˵ߵ㣬϶ǴŮȥĻʱϵġ
⿪ĵطˮŧˮһһ˺ѵĲ״ӣѾŧζǴġ
˹ѧҽҽּңְԱٶһ㡣˹СŴѧϰҲҰҧ˵ϣصģѾ·ȻԵˣ⡣
Ҫ׼
ǵһĴӣҲλļ̳ˣ˺һܲסԼ̰ɫģһֱӱʡͬĸܵҲֻºһ㣬ΪܺܺʣΪ̳˾Ͳһ㡣
̩Ͽ棬ʵΣķҪһӢҵľ
˹ѡһκ飬ɳķӡ
ɳķӲ

14  14 

뵽˹ҲЩǨŭµ³衣û취𱸵˶Ѿ֪ˣҲ֪
õϢǣɳķʻ㲻һ±˿ϵ˹ҲһĴ˿ڵľ飬ټϡ
˹һЩһԼһʼľʲô취Ӳպ壬Ҫ˴ؿȥ
丽˿ϣ˿ɫճҺɢ߼䡣
󡣡һκ֣˫ע԰סµ֣Ϊ𣿡
Gһ룬ʱѵӦҩΪʲôһʱ
ԭס˹Ի·ϾĴ͸ǽһֻ鵤ҩҩʲôֻǸ
ǺܺĵóһƿֹѪҩ־ֹѪҩĨ˿˿ڻָͽ̡ϷҩﶼɵʽʹãһӸκã
öʾ˹ʹ˿ϡȻߵһߣڴߵÿڴ¡
ͻȻһİ˵ָرϰߣʲôҲȫᣬֻ˫ֻ֣˵һЩϣջָ֮Ļ
ƫƫһڣ˵ȫԣܶ˾Ϳͷβ´ؿҪֳرѹ֣󼸺ε˵ˡ
ԼΪnpc֮ӲͷƤ˵ʮж̨ʸҷˡ
עתƵ˹ϣȥעֵߣоöˡһ˵Ÿףһ߿˹չˮϴ˿ڡ
ԤȮ˷ùضûУ˿ڻŧջԣǲҩܿĿԼСϣϷЧҩЧɡ
õˮ֮˿ڻϴˣǴ⡣
ҲûҽþƾԭסԼİ취˹СڻѬſʼٸ˿ڱԵĸ⡣ҺöԷǻ֪״̬ûУ֮ʹλҪӲ̹ȥ
ܿЩͱˣ˿µѪҺŧˮ˹øɾ鲼ȥѪˮСĵ˿ֹѪɢ
ˣֹѪɢΪãҼЧ졣ȻֹѪɢ֮˿ھֹͣѪƤһϵļ
Ϸҩ٣˿ھͻƽİ̺ۣȻٰӰ̺䣬ۼ
ٶȰһʼ׼˹һοҩһ֪ˡ۾ԲˣҲòȥ֮ǰŮ˿
оŵֶһ£̧ۿȥһ˫ɫ۾۾˹񣬵ΪĹϵ˵٬ոջԵѾˣЩضһЦ
ˣǴĶҲر۾ʥɽգƽ͡
󣺡
˹üɳķУСˣͻȻе㲻ˣΪ٬ĿЩӵ
˹ʣȴҲ𰸡ǰְɳķӵץƤһû˵ѾûˣҪˡ
ãҵֵܣܸ˼㡭ţҵ˿ڣ
˿Ѿ̺ۿʼĽ׶ΣһƬƬ̺ۿɼĸѣ䣬¶ۺɫ⣬ԭʮֽǳɫγĶԱȡ
Ȼⲻص㣬صǣ˺ܾ˿ڶˣ
˹һ˶ã£ɳķһ³ϸŵƤ¶壬е˿ڣСĶѾˣڵ̡
ͬܿߣ˵ıû˿仯
˹һʱע⵽ĲڣְƤȥסǲֵĶصģûиϢոջԡ
ôܣɳķȫţ˿ڶ̵ˣôܲ죿·ָơ
ˡ˹˵
̵£˾˺λ˸ոյ˿ͿĨλ˵ҩ֮ͺܿˡ
ɳķһ㶼ţ˶ĵһ£ͷһͭСԼֱϻһҲѪˡǸоʹЦеؿ
ˣҩٸĨһ㡣
û˵˹ڵҩ˵Сĸɳķһ㡣
˿һοϣɳķӲҲš
Ĭһ£˼ӽ£ȻѸײڶ֮ư˹ҩƿˣװֵܣлһôص
¡ҲԼҵµ޳ܾ
ΪʲôҲѵ˿𣿡ɳķӵһҡ
Ҳû취ֻøȻȥѵȥ
Ҷˣó׼ԵġɳķַԸһŮŮȥ
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֮ǰ޵ĵŮűϱɳķһѻӿ޵̫ѿˣ֮ǰ㵣ҪᣬҲڿʲôҵʲôζȥϴٹȥɣѾûȤˡ
ȱɳķʮ
Ů
һŮôˡ˼ҵʱ˼ҰĻᣬ˼ҵʱ˼ҿ޵ѿУ
ԼϵζţҪˣװ׵ġ
һ¶ˮԵӰŮĻۣŮֻǼٿһ󣬳žƽˡ
ҲԼ⣬̲Ժ˭ҲԿ
Կ˰죬λ۾һ·ɧȵʶԱ֮ͻȻ˹ֱﳤİ
ȻѾյߣɳķӸոոǰΣѾһ˫סһֻ֣һ˫һۺسﲨˣǷôҵξʲô֣ʶ
ŶǸ
û֪꣬ʱ˹˹ĺ΢Цžһ´ɳķֻ֣£λصһλЯҩ˿ڡ
Դ̬
ɳķһüôţ
ɳķӵҲ˹ֵֵܸܡ
ǡصءǡ롯ԵĶɳķеźؿ˫¶зһۣɫҵİҼˣҪҡ
ллŶ
ֻ˵û˵ﲻ޳ļٴա
˹Ϊʲôɳķʡ
˹һۡ
̣˹ٹ²ŻؿͲɳķӡ˹һжָΪ̩ҵӡ
ڻûмʦ˹׼ô˵ɳķӣֻ˵ΪһЩ˽£׼ؿպ·㲻ڿܵʲô
ԱӣĸıȹЩˡɳķ˵Ҳ׼ؿˡûм£ǿһȥ
˹룬ȫǺɳķһ߸ʣԣȻûм£ϣ㾡
ǾɳķתһһԵ󣬡ҲǼ˾𣿲֪ôƺҵһţ򡢽鱦ʳ
һл۾΢䣬ĴָĴָ䡣ɱ֮ǰտյġҡгˡ
ɳķӣ
˹˵лл㣬ȻѾǳҩòĽɫ˵ˡһֱǸؿˡ
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ϵб̩ϣԼСֵ㶫ΰ̫ĺᣬǿ̩ӣλļ̳ˣ˹˵
˹ţ˵ûᣬϽ̵ԼĴϣñ£ȥ
˳뵽յʲôûпܲϰߣɳķһƿ˹һƸĵһĸףĽɽһȫԸṩһЩϡ
ƱԵģֵǮĶŪ˰ˡҪ͸ءӣǲıϡҿ䵽߼򣬲ɳķһƬ
ɳķԼεսѣ֪Էô˵϶ʲôԭ򣬲Ҽɳķӻ˵꣬ϻһŵӣǿֵܡ
ôôֵܣ
ġʲôأֲ̩Ȣá

15  15 

ɳķƤЦģ۾Ƴ˵˭ôҪ
˹һɲЦݣҪԣǮ
ɳķ˵ԼĪҪһ˽ˣŲµߺߣΪʲô˹ӣΪҩЧ񼣵ҩ𣿻бĸļֵ˵
ûֻƵɳķѾ϶һư͡ȷʵһ˵ʲô֮
Ϊ˹ɳķӻЦʥɽ֤λңΰ̫ᡢ̩ɳķҽһֳһǧ˳õغһĴŴԺӺʹӵıԺΪҵĸл
һʷĽǶΧֵܵճû뵽תԼϣ鱦ʳӲͨˣڻҪͲ
ܺðرͣҪͣ
֪׼Լϴ΢ЦŹĴָ
ȶӣ֮£֮˵
˾ڴסɳķѾһ뿪ǰȥ̩׶Ŷ׶˵ǵ˵ǡԭ֮ǡ֮ǡ̩ҵķԴأҲסĵط
ɳķżϢ˹һȥ
֮ǰǸµļ绰𣿡˹Сʡ
ţ
Ϊɳķʱ򡣡
ԼһѵףӶˡͷǡ
ܺĳرɣɤʫһ˹ϲ峿ķĻǰԺ˵һЩ𣿡
˫ɫ۾ôῴемܲסϸҲʲôֵ󣺡š
֮ǰǸȹСһǰ
һžᵽȼպζһ棬ֻм򵥵ļҾߣȴõʮܰľϵŸɾˮ͸ɾĲˮϻƤ߻һ֪ɫĻ
Խ⻹ǵһȥһ˸ɾķ䡣
øҲõķ䡣ȹǳԺ㣬Ůӡ
һ˵һڴϣ˾ˣʲôԸңҾڸڡ
ͷһĴָǳãлл
ӦõġȹСɫǺ죬ֱ˫ۡ
ñӣһĶ񣬿ڱûʱˡҲҪ˭ѣͶš֡Ⱥëϣһֱ񾭡
췢̫࣬ͷ͵ģ̫ûתˡ
ʱһһĥ֮ǰжԻ˵ģԼġ֪ԼǲͰԼˡ
֮ȹСˮš˨ãϨһö֬ĵյ׼˯¡
µգ¹ڵϣվſڿһƬ׵Ժӣѷøסںͬ齫һ
ԺӰǵ䳡ϻƴɱµĺۼì˫󸫣ѵʮֿ̿ࡣ
Ϊ˽ũǶսʿΪԭļ̩˹ϣ࣬ΪҪʱҪμԺսѵνࡣȻǮҲܸߣԵǵĺˮѪˮ
Ϊӵ˽˶ӲõĽǱūԹ˶ܸм˹ǾӵǾǵ
˵λ˾ǲǸҩ̫ˡͬͬһƣƿԴδ֪ߣʱָаʦħŮʱҲָʹ˾
һ£Ҳ֪Ŀһֻҩ
۾Ưˮһ㿴λ˾˵ĳûУصģʲôģͬ¶֮⣬ʱŮ׷ˣΪ͵òûʲô˼ġ
ﱾ˵Լ֪ΪԷţ˳翴תڵλ˾Ǹˡ
ͷ˿ѳĳʯһ˫ۣƯò֪ݵţ̲סһ䣺̫ܿʧˡ
ˣһˡͬЦֻȥѡһƯŮ۾ƤشƨɣԼúÿϴƫƧطڿǸıŮ˶Ư񰡣ǿӶûеŮˣһûһɱ⡣
ʲôʱ˶ƯˣٺұԹɡ
ҲƯкӣûдҲûдƨɡ̲ͬסԹ
ضֻѿʱ֮䳣ڷϵϲͬǶС£Ⱥ塣˺Ůһܹԭʼĳ嶯
ӪЩСսʿʹսʿͨγɱȽȶĹϵȻ곤ѧϰ顣ЩطΪ/ԿͨΪ̳е곤ߵǻۺһҲܻ䡣
ǻɼҵϲĻԼֹϵϲֻѣֲӰպ
ĵ¹ﻹûгʱЩطŮŮƼңЩطһ߻ƶȣȥϲŮ˼ҹҹӲģҪõĺӡ
δ㣬ոѿִ԰ĹûзѿĻ񻰶ǳҰԵģԭʼϢ
ô˵أ˶޽Ƶģ˹ĹҿƵ˲ࡣ
׼ȥĶһͿʼ
ӳУộڰϣͷβĶ顣
ֻһԼһǧ˵Ķ飬ǰǲмжʮҵţ
ǹϢģŷչ֮þߣĶһЩõƤƷ˸ӻƵƾë̺һȾɫ鲼ŵļˮѼ
ûпֳΪҰʴֲζأֳԵӣֱ꣬ǿûֳ
˹ǰ治֪ɳķ˵ʲô֮ǰй
һкܸȤظܸһЩΪʮʵĵĵȻĲɽÿÿˣǳũٹһ·Գˡ
ʮ֮ǰﲶԣлӵֻɳķԵһֻʨӣӡĻǲصĽͳݡ
ÿʯҶƵʱ򣬾ͻкܶදﾭ˵أͣʮŶɺ뿪ÿǸʱԵüڣԵܶҰţ¹ʱǹͨ˲ܽǵǿԸһȥԣ򵽶Լġ
ﲻɵǸ龰͸һҸǸʱóԲ꣬ӣͷԺƤë̺ӣԳ޵ѪĸΣԻǵ
˵²ģ˵һκѵúֵø˵ӣӰ档
һ··Ѿû˵ټǽһ·ýӲȳģ·ɻӲݴа˸ߣЩϡϡĹľԺͲľ
Գʱ䣬Щ޶ŵʳףѰǲᵥһ𣬳ֱӱϽݴǱ߻һʥɽ֧۳ɵС࣬źԷ
⸽ÿ궼档ԵʱҲҪһҶϰˣ˶޿ûҰҧȴ䡣
ǰӻԺҵ״̬ӳȻѭӵѵʿ˶Ҫ˿ףֻŵӡ
ΪֱҰ޵Ǻ˼пܴɳķ׶༪١
һֱԼǾηģǸʱҲ̲ס˶ھԼȥӵԼ뵽࣬򱣻̩˵
ʱ뵽ʴȵȴѾǲҩļ˾ˡ
лл˾ˣӡҲҡ

16  16 

·ϣΣյĲҰޣǵˡһ󽲽һŻС·ЩǿڲݴͭʯƵù䴩ࡣ
˺ܶˣŪƽȥԼͳߺ顣ʵⲻ˭ĹΪʹǵʳ١ʱѵӦøŬعԽǷŭԽգԽ⡣
С˵⣬ȴõϢ
˼ʲôԭʳӦòСΧģһƬطܵӰ졣Ǹˮ٣ǹˮˮԣ
Ƿζ̩Ҫʳ
Լ̩һ
￴˼Ϊе˶ǣο˶࣬ٵ㼸Щ˲ҿˣ˾ϲʲôץӡҰɽҰ¹Ұ⡢ҰСĢҰˣҵժʣϳԡ
ϲȣΪܵÿ죬ǿȣ˿ܵø죬һ졣˵ԵģԽ˵ԽʣĿˮҲ
˵ЩҰɽóԣóԣȻйζʣҧϸζһ̲ס졣
˵һˣҰ¹óԣ¹ο죬гɱƬϿкͰϲжóԵˡ
Ҫ˵óԵĻҰţ⣬ƬɱƬο߽ƣм⻹Ƿۺģϸۡˢӥ춹ʡĽС㣬ҰһԡС۵ҰУֻýִȸһѾơ
˵λһ⻹һκӵһȥԵʱ򣬹͢ĳʦġʱһλʦ̽ͣͿ˷۵ϣϷżѸɣšʯ֭ʵ޻Ȼζ
Ҳ˵ȻûгԹžѾúóԵòˣԵǺεӵ£ԵĶڲͬ˵ýǹ͢ĳʦҰҲӹݵʳ
ֻдԻ桯޶ԡЩҲԹһЩصʳȴһʼػζļʸУֻСǧ֮ĵ
ʱʳξϸҲܳʱƣζֻΡ⡢кͲϣ߲˻ͣҰ˺Ұ׶Σ󲿷ֵĿʳֲﶼûΪѡŻʵûʲôĽġ
ΪһϷˣر׷
󲻻ˣԣʳƵžϲʲô¸ʳµȵȵӽĿſ˲ãﴢ˴ʳ֪ʶȻָ֣㽭ɽС
˾סأͶ״ȷԼĵλͰƷóֵĶϣٰʳĥĥú÷ḻһ²
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˹һֱעߣʱһߣЩΧ˵Цλá
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ȻĳԱʸԳơŮӻǲͬǶ󲻵ĳǻҸѡǲõʱҲǻֻʹġ
Ǳȷӣ˵ɳķ̩ҲӼûʵȨ̩ҲܳһӦ
ݵȷϣҪŸٳ汳顣
Ȼ˹Ѿ϶ӵݣϵְԱҰĲμҵݣӦ̶Լ̬ȣøַȥȡԷκȻϻȡ档
˹֪һ˷ķ
ǲ֪Ϊʲô˹ôģ˶Ӻͼ˾ݡ
ΪһֱֳֻʴһǿĪһ棬޷ģ̲סðЩֵ뷨ǿԸһЩֵ
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˹ڴţȻԼڴʲô
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ĶȻĸȤַḻʱչȤȥ
ͬһ飬һͨ˺һѧڽֻͨὲϵݣѧĽøĿȥϷḻ;αݡ
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ǶëǶǰȥʨԼǿļ⡣
Ϊߵȶıһ侲˱е
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һֱߵСϪ߲ͣ׼òͣʵѾ˷㡣ⲻӰʯͷʯȡȻȥԡժҰˡ
ʱԶҲ½½ˡһ֧ʮ˵ĶΧֻҰɽһֻС¹ҰáɼҲһҰˣ˵Ұɽر𰮳ԣԱݣ⻹һЩҰкͰɫ
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ԶӺͲɼ½½Ұˡ
Ƥͷ˰ɡͷ˴һӣԸˡ
ǳسǼˮˮƤİƤõƤҪε֬ĳҺͷͭ޳߹
ܿͶ˲ݵأѪȴûһ˾ⳡѪȣ˸衣
ԭʼĵĳڵԡ
һոմԭʼʱɺ͵¸ոѿʱƤ·ûжáһμʶСģСġ
󻹿˺Ѫģǰ˵һЩçԭʼĲΪԶѪҲǲ˼ôȣһѪںͿĵЦݣɢȰٳʳġ
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Сϻ˼һΡζҲר
ԼҲһƬпɵ⣬ȡˮץӤֱ۳ĺ㣬˲Ҫȫ
˹Щ֣ζֶ̣ζóԡƶҲԣҪЩʲô
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ŵɳķӳһ˵
һ㣬ôĴָʳָȻһһ㣬˹̡
ĴָĴָ䣬۾Ҳ䣺ллá
š˹̲סɳķӹŹֵ̧°ͣΪһѧͻᡣ
ɳķӵһ֪ԼıֵܡսѺδٵ˹ѰˡȻ˶˹Ǹʴȵļ˾˭֪أûκαʵĲͬǲ
ǲԶĵطǸչˮѾտˣϴɾǺ¹ǣݺһΣˡ
ϵѪĭŷڵ֭ᵽһŨصζʱľͷͷͿҲһʱ˿ʼˣܿͷѪˮ
˿ߵ˿϶м没ֳԷˮ⣬ò֡
˹֮һӣϸϸΡϲԭϵϡƬĢʹСƬϿȥȡ
൱ȫտõζϣԼҲտζϡҲĬأίԼζˡʮꡮζͬˣóԵóԵˡ
ллңУһ㡣
ͼٽԼСһĵζóŵľӣҺ壬дֵİ״ƿмһŴС׵ϹޣͰֵӹޣӡ
һС룬⡢֮ϡ
һζϱС˹ãԶȲˮͲ̫Щˣɳķȴֻ˵ۼǵһΣûˤڻ
ɳķӿǸͨ񶼲һˡ

17  17 

һ΢΢һЦҲȥ͡
óһСľϸľȻѳóпĨκͽһۣȻһƬһƬҰһƬشʮ֧⴮
֮СˢմһɫĶͣ⴮ˢһ飬ȻͰ֥飬ȻڻԵĵȵζ
ȴǰɫģֿ֦Сע⡣
ɳķӺ˹һۡ
̩ǴȡȻɵǵֻвҳԱӵУƽû˵֮ɫĵҲһһܰͨͭϡ
Щ̩ĹȨ
ѾһľͰˮϴɾһƽʯͷı棬ɫСʹ飬Ŵࡣϧʹɳķ۵üܺ
Сп㸹ڳ࣬ȻƬ㱳ɳķӿǰѵӵ۾ʪˡ
ﰡ
ʱѾժȥñӺΧ¶һſⱾɳķӵģʲôͿŰС
һƾƸͿһȥȣȻĨʹ࣬㸹ﻹżƬĢƬ
ȿ㣬ϵϽƵֲͣڻѵΧȰˮɣſ˻ѵѬ
ܺãǸȤĶֻһ飬Ҳڴӡֿ㷽ĳҰսĿ￴ģڻҳϸڡ
ϧֻּȤĶãȤģӲ֮ҲȻģ
ѬУҪʱʱ㷭һͣĨϽͣһΣֱı˽ɫСݣⱡĵطѾʮֽˣҴʮ˵Ľζèһۡ
࣬ˡ˾ְĵ˹һõ㣬Լʣµ㣬ͺΡ
õĵһԼ˹Ȼеܳ
ֽӹֻ֦Ӥֱ۳һĿӣβͺ۶ɾˣҲⶼĨϣ㱳ĵطбƬ¶ͬƽֵ⡣
ӾЧܺã˺ʳζҲܺãʺ֬ζע
˹Թ㣬ûô޵ģ˵㣬һЩԹ߲˸ǿ׳壬ܶƽԲ⣬ΨһĻˡ
˹ļУһֱǺڲֿȵʳȻϸֶ࣬ôóԡ֪ƯĿǸʲôζ
ʧ̫ΣʳĲκڴڵ˲䣬۵ĿڸУ˱ǵһ°ڿĹ֪ˢˡ
ûÿһǵζϸִܵ̿࣬һˣγʮָȴζζ
Ƥһ㸴ӵζִұ֬ۻһƲȥ˹һҧȥƤڿǻҹš
ɳķӱһֱעǰСȴƮһζû֮ͬҵȳʺֵĽζһСצںɦΡȤɳķӿ
˹ֻǼ˾ҿӡɳķ̲ס
δ׳
װûͷŶ֮ûκαʾõĵڶԼģԼġ
Ǹ⿵š롣һ㿾Щˣڶֲִ࣬ǵͺܺãⲻɲͣƤζ϶ôǡô
ۣʼã󷢻ӲҲûдǳˮƽһΡ˹ϲһξζʳȻҪҪõϡ
㣬ɾֶ֣ȳһĴָƣȻѧһĴָллǳζ֮Ҫ¶Դˡ
㣬ܶ࣬ζʳкܶ඼ζ̻Ƭ衢ɡ֪Ӧôȥ˵ڻõĴʵ̫ˡ
˹ȴһ˼Һϲһοһ𣿡
룬ҲǴ£ͷá
ֻӤֱ۳㣬ȥͷβ͸СԲģԻҪ⴮ˣϾҲտ֣ȻǸʱõǵ翾¯
⾭ôʱƺ濾ѾˣЩ⴮һֻʼֱӼڻϣǿԴ
ò˵ȻͿ⴮Ǿ䣬Ѿŵǹɿ⴮ζˡ
ⲻʲݣʺͰɫ֬ʮƯĻƣǿ⴮ϺòϡʵͺͿҲܺóԣܿ˷һЩϰ˵򵰵ҲǿԵġ
ʼ⴮ζøոպã̫Ҳ̫ϣϸ壬Ũɿڣ֬΢΢кҰжá
ԴҸУըʳ֬Ƿֵȵȣ֬ҴŨ⴮ζܴҸС
⴮ʵ̫ˣԭԿǰֱȴ˿ᡣԵýζ߼ס˵ߣǵסȴԽŨζֱҪƮأԶΧŻѳԷļһҲ
һЩ⴮ָ˹˹Ե˹Ѹ٣촽⡣ɳķ۰ͰͿţ˹ûһ
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һ£ָָɳķ֮ǰ˵ĵطָָ⴮ҡҡͷܡ
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ͷٴζ˹ĴָĴָ䣺ԣ
ô˹߳ΪԼ򵼣ϧԷδ٣λȨأߵǵ׶֮͵÷ֿˡ
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Ȼļ죬ǳ˻ԭԵ˱ȽеλͷĿܳԵʵ˻ϾǳԸӲӲƬͱˮ
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šһ£ȥũׯЩ
Щ
˵Ȼһ벻Լһ˵ġ
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ִʱҶùեͶѪŴȨ׼ֻø
ңûȨ·һ治ɫһ߾衣
󲿷ʱ򲻻Ѷߡ
˵ﲹĹأ˳񣬾ȥо·ϲܴ̫ʣ**ӶôģɱˡԺܾͳΪˣֵ򣬵۹ҪأҲҪ񡣡
԰ЩҵʿԼս˻Ҫ壬ø˿ڡ̩顣һ
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ԽһʱյĴô׾ܿȥġ
Һ񿴵ǰһͷ
ͷ·˷׷̧ͷȻһƬʯ¶Ļĵأǰһɫߣպءߺϸܳߵ滹һЩɫĵ㣬Щӡ
Ǵׯׯȥͺܿˣ

18  18 

˾סĴׯͳˣ֮ǰû̡ͣϢһ˳㲹һЩɾˮ
˻Ųࡣ˭һķ羰ٿȮ͵ĴׯӦ
ôŵģסڴУ˹˿ɫʡ
ǵģȥǻЩ͹óõĶ⸽СׯҪͼˡҲܸˣһСĻ˵©죬мòŮȿȣһҶ飬˵˾֪ˡ
˹ĬĬסһĶ䣬ЩƵؿ˹һۡ
󣺺֪ʲô˵أ
ׯЩܶ飬һǻصһ
ǰũĶ͵ִӿﷵũһ꼸ΣÿζС·߶ϤˡЩ˽ƽҲ׼ˣ֪ǰŵ˹ݶôġ
˹һӦǰĵطۻߺͲŮˡ
Ȱ˵ɳķӲҪʿһȥǸطΪһּͥʽ
Ȼһ˵ɳķӷȤˡûмܵײŮӣһԱŮ˵ǵͽ׼ġЩ輧輧λȻͣȴǾģ͹ŮһϸƤ⡣
ҸȥҪ¶ҵݣ͵µĶӳ
ɳķԾԾԣԼҪȥҪˮ
ʵһ˹ȥֻȻߣǽ󣺡㲻ʶһƽļͥ𣿡˹Ŀس̶ȣ͵˹
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˹ߣҲ͸ȥһԸӣȥɾһķ䡣
˹סΪɳķӣƺҲЩ棬ֻ¸ñӣΧΧס°ĶҪԣĶҲ֪ࡣѾ׼ʳǻȥԡ
Ҳԣϰ߲ãţˮҲǲɾġǾ˹ֵֹģһĸ׺庢ӣС̯ϵĶɾԣǻؼҳԡ
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Ůһ֣ȹӱڼһ㡣
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װıܡ˹Ȼڣ˾ձƣֻúϢֻ޷顣
ɳķͿڣ뿴ţοһʲôӣŷˡ˹ˣɳķҲ󲻸ˡδܱ϶Ϊӵķϡ
ɳķӳСŮ֣ɯǸ˲Ҫ㣬ﰡ
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ɯôƯ˶ɲҪļ˾ˡ
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Сһ߲˺Ϳ⣬ݸԱߵСŮȴϽܡ
ˣȾôɯžƺ῿
ҡҡͷζ뿪ߣҲûʲô취㣬ԣ
ɯҡҡͷЩǸ׼ġ
㽫ͿŻصϣ㣬ʲô
飬һ롣
ɯСЦӴôˣǵһϳʲôء
ЩҲιʳǸоܲһֻɯ֪ЩʳҪĵźȡǣ˵Ļֻڹɡ
ɯЦЦţЦỨϽͷˡÿ˲ϲҪЦЦٰᡣ
ӳʼһֱĸǺͽǴɯΪԼʲô߳ܵģҲΪЩǵ̬ʲô⡣
ͻȻи˻ȡʳֻΪûгԷ־ɯ˵ͦϡģҲԼòҲԼ岻𣿿ǳòʲôûС
ˣҷɡôãò壬ȴûԻرĶ
ŮֻҪرѵõ⣬ȴŤĻ̵ӣЦģȴЩ
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ʱǿһЩ
Ǹ
ƤȥɰŮΪʶŮҪȴﲻˡ

19  19 

ò͹󣬴ûȥԼѡеŮˣŶӣϴҺԺϴ衣
ó׼õĴֲΡȶѡеŮˣЦ¡Щ٣²Ҳٵģֻ򲼣ѡеŮȴܸˡ
˼ѣټѣҪš
Ѿɪļڣе·վһбʯϣһˮŮ˹ͷһһ顣
óصĶܸ߼ķ
ſһ鱻ˮȺʯϣŮһͿϣ˫ƿĦȻһŮСһͭϵĺıԵ
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Щˮ˳ʯһС˵еˮܵ
һûпѾ뿪ˡ
ڱ𴦣Ϊ׼ĸɾʳͷ䡣
ǿûڲٵɳķҲû£µļͥʽమϧԼĴԻһ㣬ŮҲöôɫԵɳķӡ
Ҳ˹һʼûԭɳķֻǿƣʲôʲôԷ
ʹɳķͷҲҳס˹ҲûĹƽտŮûֻж͡ţܲñŮ
׼õСˮ塣
һڳĵĺʵװǳɫ֯ƬƬΪ鶯ĺɫҶͼϽһö׹ӣͬźҶЬϻһȦԲС顣
Ϸﻹģ¿㣬׵ͷκЬӡͷڣۣˡ
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ָ׺ͷûʲôٶһЩȻϣţɲϣػš廹δȻ˥ϵĿҲࡣ
֮һѵõҸ
죬̫ð
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ǸɯŮʡ
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ԭΪƶΪ׼̻ҪôҪôȥʥ˶˵ʵ֪ڣʳ֪衯£ûбسҲûиõĳ·ֻһ
֮ٴγպúϢˣմҶǾӡ·ûʲôˣˣԶԶǾͱܿȸᱻߡ
ٹׯܿĺӣ˿ܺȥʦ˹˵
˹ʦ٣ҲҪһз˽Ͷ״
ͷá
˵ŻԱߵĲݴȻһ˵Ӱӣһ·һ·ܹˣˡ
Ҷһɯɯܹһֱߵ˹ͭìָվסע⵽ɫеף񻹲
ˣɯߡ

20  20 

ɯôܾȡ
벻ôվġһ˲񿴵һβĵԾڲݵ㡣
һϣڵȵ˴ˡɯ˵˵ֱȴųһõЦݣҪʹߣȥҾȥģɯҪ̴ˡ
û˵ɯеĹȴˣͱһ᣺ȥ˲ҪһҼŮٿɱ㡣
ȻֻͷȰˣᣬ»鷳ЩṴ̊ģҪǡ
Ҳһ顣
ɯ·Ļֻҧҧ˫ۿһֱ˺ͱ˲һ
㣬ȣһϣʡ
ɯͷ
Ϊʲô
սɯ۾Ⱦ˺ɫˣ
Ϊʲô
ȥ𣿡ʡ
ɯȴҡҡͷᣬֻһ٣죬ֻҪҸ׬Ǯ
̲ס̾һ˹ȥõĵط󣬻ޡ
Ǿ
̩ҲְҵŮԣٺ٣ƽ˼ҵŮΨһҵǵĻɯ˵һõĻܾõĹޡʱˣŮԵԭ
ԺΣڵĴǸ飬ҲǽףԷ϶ŮݣūҼˡͨѡĶȫͬ
ߵĻǸĸ֮ȻŸԼ˽סһ𣬾ǽ顣ƽĹҪļױ㶫˵Ьһ飬вһ
˹Ҳ̾˿Ѿϵ֣һ·Ͽ֪Ǹˣ˭ǿʩġ
ԡ
ǶһŮӣŮһë̺ںһţıԵ۾ؿŶǰ棬СӿһƯǹ
ʵǱߣм˼ԶҲ
һׯʱ򣬾ȥһ˼̫ˣҲûܹΪŮѵܺܺõط˹˵
¸Զһ㣬Զһ㡣ǿԶˣ鷳Ż١
˹ͷ˼ᴫȾͻȻҲȻǸŮԹøãΪʲôֹøã
áлл˹΢΢һЦɯǺúӡ
˼뻹ûгױ껹˵ʻô᲻ǺúءҲܼؿһҪӵСŮǸ̶
ƴȫݵϣôβ˵Сˮ
ɯ֪ԼδΣֻǺܸˡ
мȥҵԴȤǹ˱µģҲû˵ر
ɯĲһϵȼ˾ˣһʣ㲻¶𣿲±ׯΧǻҰǵ𣿡
ԱһЦż̸˾ָûûȴĸԸһҪߣ˾˵ֱ̫һһء
ǰһҲ˵ˣɯѵǲǰôأ
ɯ죺˺ܺãá
ִ͸Ĺǲƭ˵ġЩҪͼʱﲻϣ˴Ͱǵǲ֪
иһˣ֪ǸתѾˣԸűˡɯܲģײͷѪˣһԡ
ĵعϡǲٴοһеģĴׯͣһգһûŪʲô۶ˡȻǼգǵ˾Ѿܽһׯ
˹ֱ˴ļ˾ļҷûŮ벻ŮԺкϼϣŮ˼ҲûգŮҡ
ļ˾ͷ˾ϻ̳Ͽ֣Է޹
ϵһϷޱʾҪɯʱӣǰˣ֮ʮ궼ûٶ/ӵͷˣܵи
ļ˾Ҳ˵º͵ˣҲغ󣬿ԺúչŮ
ɯû뵽Լᱻͨ˼һЩһֻԵһŮӤͥļѵ鲼һԵڶȵˣ
֪Լݵ΢ΪߵŮû뵽Ϊһ֮ԵԸһѣƳ·
úϺ
ɯ㶵ĽԶϦɫĹΧš
ɫ۾ﵹӳһٺɫȦӰ֪ΪʲôȻúίίͻȻĻҪ˵
ǰһٶһ죬Ҳÿࡣڵ˺ѪҲޡ
Ŀû˹ģҲûۡĽ˼ҵĺӣȻԵòôòÿҪɻ˻ţۡ
ڴ۾ʲôô
ˣԲʵʵ֪һˣܻӦҵɯͻȻſҪʧӰ˵
ȻСȴ֪ܾܶ࣬ŵģ⡣
Բһúôʧ
ַֻϲϵزд˿ǿſд˾š
ôãΪʲôںʲôóȥϲҲܣǰζʧˣûϵܼ
Ӯء
ףҸ¸ҵС
˵ֻСĹǰߡ
ʼ˹ѧϰ֣֣һǼ˾רõ֣Ҳ̩ڷʽĹٷ֣ͨñմīдƤֽƤֽϣ֡һдϵ֣ľΪʣΪֽճ
һֽЩּ꣬÷Ϊ⡣Ѿ¼˰ٶ֣ע⡣
˹ֲʶַҲܸȤԲ껹ķķ֣һصɫʡ
ڳһŰسд˹ԱߣһһЩִŵıʺдֽҲڲͬġ
ССϸӣ«έܺĶëֽźƤֽƤֽҲһѩףļһϸ
˹űʵ֣ϸָϸȴ¶ǣӨɽ
ʱȻͷ˹һЦһ븴ͷ¼
˹
˹ĬŸѹһ˲Źֵļ¶
㵽ôģɳķ˹ڵʱ
㲻Ƿ̷飬ҼҪϲˡ
Ҫáϲǳĸȥˡ˹ЩãеϲۣҺô
бɳķӵ͡ϲԻˣΪ̰ᡯˡ
ɳķֻϲḶ́һõӦ;Ȼζ˶֪ɳķӵĵԣŮ῿ߵŮ˲ĵλŮӾͬĹ
˵ģװֵܣȷӣɳķʮֺ档
˹üͷǲǣԶһЩΧҪôŮ㻹һʱ䱻ҵʦһų̳ѡ֮ɣֻһӡ
ûȷֻżȻõҩ˶ɳķӱ
ȷΪǣûʸǡ
˹ȻΪѵӣ
ɳķɫһ˼Ƭ̣ЦˡӣȻԶԴߵڶԴ
̸֮˹ûɳķӵһȻ֮ǰƺҲûС
ûио΢ձ仯Ŭȡ֪ʶ֣ÿϰʹԺ֣˹æ﷨ϵĴ
߹һƬ֮˹ǰǿԭ֮ǣ֮ǡ
̧ͷȥ
һƬƽԭѪһĿᴩǷָһغˮһɢƬϡЩݻɫĲݳϣһƬһƬİƣǱţȮȺҲȺ
һƬݳľͷƽ׸߳һƽأһɫĹǳǽߵұߣγһɫ
ȦһȺͷ֥ôССһƽصıڰɫеɽߵһָּ⣬һƬס

21  21 

ҹŮŮ˾ڻƽŮϡǽ˸ϵͣȡѣʮһֻࡣ
ǾŴ֮һҹŮĴ˾̩ͬĸãҲ˹ĸףɯ
ҹŮߴɭ߸ߴϵʥֻͭͷ֬ţɯԾ
˹Ӧÿ쵽ˡ
ɯӦð˰ɣδı֮ģӡǸѱ֮λȥϵķǿҫȴӵķðȡϢʧںڰˡ
֮صʦ󡣡
ɯ뵽ҹŮָϵͽһУǳǳЦ⡣
ҫˡ
ȡҫߣҪһǵɴɴд˿԰䣬ʬѪ棬Ƴڡ۳ѶǵβͲĶҺ
ȡҫߣս࣬ʷĳϣǧǧ꣡
ǿǵǰĹǿҵԺУΰĳСĺʥɽʥɽΪṩɾ峺Ȫˮǵũ̩ˡΰּ⣬˳ʥ͵ָ㣬ҵڴ˽ǣǵĿ
Ƿ糾ͣڸϵˡ
Ȼһ·󵹲ƣҲܺáЩһֱԼҪҪﶨӣܲﶨӡ˹˼£Ϊ¡
ߵķɡ飬Ҫΰ⡣
ʣ˹ʱشȻ𰸴ԣĿǰӦһʺϾסĳС
̩ɷǳϸ֮ʺ͵ģڱֱӴСԡ͵飬̩ǿͨǮͶֲġ⻹ƽıԷɣȽ̩֮ƽҲӵ
̩ǸȤĹңǳǿƺ͸ܣһˬþ̤ƽԷҡһΪ̩ˣȴܵɵıܵΪ̩Լˡľ޴ô
žΪʲô̩սݣȴɰȣͼҲޱ/ҵɰɡ
Σ̩ӵȽϵȨȨںϵ壬ﻹһԾܾǵĳԺ̩ϵͼȨͬΡ
ԺƽʱǲΪģʲôΣ̩Ĵǿ԰ڵĹ
Ϊǿ˵۹Ĺҵ൱󲿷ʱеĶ򵽣ƷЩƷͨ洬һֱֻҪ£ɹɵĺƷԱܾãҲùˡ
ȻеĻ̩ǿΪǿԶûսķաҵļ̳Ҳȷһ߼̳ȨֻҪӺû£λͲرҡ
˹Ҳûһζؽ̩õһ棬Ҳ̩һЩɧңΪۼһȺ/ͽͼͳΡǲǰӺӳѹ˱/ҡ
һΪ⼸ʳȱٱůĹϵ
⼸ƺǰˡ˹˵
õġ˵Ȼı䲻Я˸߲ͺʳ
ԶһӲߣ߽˲ŷһʵĳǽĥƽʯͷʮ׸ߵĳǽʯͷƯϸµĸ
ǽÿ׾һ̨̨ԼԼԿʿ̨վʿֳͭͭǰжͷɢŽͷżϥȹͺʵƤѥƤף¡
ǿϴţͨһ
ϴ׿ʯͷɹţ֪ʲôṹǳȶʯŵʨӣһǱ״һɱ״˵Щǣǿʮ׸ߵʯʨ;׼⽡˶磬Ϊ𺳡
һ·ûֻͣǵ˳ſ˳ûбȥִȥ٣ڶһ߿һߡ
ôûκεĿֻšߵĵطǴƬĿյأԶһЩͰķӣдŰµƽػءһֱ·ԽԽΧķԽԽԽԽãĻľҡ
·ഩӵˣӦǱؾ񡣻һЩȾɫӣƷˣӦݸһĸС壬߸ˡ
ǸõĲֻǼϹһ鲼ūںɪɪûӡҲ֪ūһľƤڡ
˹ؽܣڳǣܿǣǻɳķһԺٴȥʦ
ڳǺûоĳǽΪָߣμ
ǵķӶǵͰݵģÿӵܴҲƽףǵڳǣӶʯͷΧǽΧģһۿӵĴţһΧǽǧ׳ľ͸ΧǽԼԼܿߵķӣ
·ϴƴȾɫ۵˶Ȼֻ򵥵һЩװͼһЩƷͭżҲֽκƯʯ
ϣ߶ŻŮһȺŵū
ЩǱصĴ˰ɣ
ԽߵԽߣĵشʱѾһƬնɽĸߵأԶԶԿһɽѩ׳ǳأӭɽƣȻһ壬һ΢ľµģͣгʯĵܣѶϵ¥ݣƯĻ԰һڴϵѩ׹ᡣ
˹˵Ǿ
ԶһرԵĽһķĽΧһȦʯӣÿʯӱ϶֥СˣԶһССӡǴϾȥͦģôʿЩʿżĽͷܺϡ
ӵıԺˡ
ɳķӵıԺ治Զ
ڴǰͣ£ӵӳ򵥽ʹŶȥɳķһֱûг֡
ƹ޴޼ʮĴ԰ͨһʯͷ̵С·һֱߵһʮ׸ߵʯͷǰ棬ⷿӵĺ滹һƬĽ˵̴ӺūǾסġһӣɼ֮
ǻ԰мĶ󣬳˲ݵءˮغͻ̳һЩȻʳĻдС
԰ִͬһƯķӣƯεӣ̨ϡǽϡϸָʯ񣬷ӵı滹ϻһЩͼע⵽ݶ˽𲭵ﻭ
ȥ΢ţʡ
˹׼ϢһȥȻƣϾȥҲǿԵġ
ھȥ𣿡ɳķӰ̾һôֻȥĸˡ֪ȥ٣ڱԺϢһҪһ١
˹ɳķӵıԺ뿪ȥ
˹Ҫȥ̫һսŮͺҹŮ
һʯһ޴ķʯƴӶɣĿÿʯʮ߰ףϸߴĽȻȻ
ȫʯͷɵĽ¥ĸ߶ȣʯžĸƺһЩ񻰹¡
ҪϸٿȴѾ˹ˣ´Ҵϸ
ǴĴŽȥ׷׶˹Ϲûκѯİˡ֮ڲϵЩۣЩʺƤֽҲһ˹͵ͷϹڳƴˡ
ȷˣ˹ʵȨܵصļ̳ˣλǳȹ̡
ʦ˹һͷϰͷˡ
Է鸴ӵؿ˹һۣʦѾƫ㡣
ʦ˭˹ʡ
٣ĸףɯˡʦԸˣ̴Źȥ˿ˡ͡һۣ̲ס࿴һۡ
ոûϸǿǹͣ
ȥʦ˹ߵһߣס˵ߣ˵һȥ

22  22 

λپۼ̫ƫ
һǾۼڹ̳λʱҪȥ̳ȨĺϷԺʥԡŸٵһƵεĹͲɷǳһֻΪ̩Ĺˡ
ŸǰɯһվͷŰ˸˵Լ¡
ΪţδԤԣЩԤһʵ֣ӹ꼴ӵֵڵС/ӽ＾α굽ջһǼʮ
Ҳò񻹺ǿ̩ʮڼĺս
Լʧȥɷ͸硢ʧȥ˶ӡʧȥ˹ҵһоɯ¡
ϣ̩䱦˵
Ÿٱţ˵õͣһܸ̩ٺǿӽ֡
һٵõͣԲţŸˡҪ֪ŸڲҲвϺģͳһжҲòӡ
˹˽ʱ򣬾Ÿһ۽ⶼ˹ȫס˹ĸףɯ١
λŮŮˣϲŭɫ٣βһ촽
ɯֻ**̩֮
ָǵʱΧһ⻪ӡ
һ±Լ˶ź˶û۾Ҳ˵ˡ
ɯ˵ߣŮƳߵҩɯҲ˵һΪŮİնǸ
Ƕʱ֪±յӣ豸Ҳӣ˵о˱εҲӡ
ӷںڰУŮΪһŮˣգȡҫվ̨ǰ
аŮֺض˵Ҫ£ҵūӴû
ʱǼ¹⣬˵ĮÿֻǳԷϢ
˰ɱ֪Ǳ۾ɯһͻȻЦˣһɯŮú͵ȼ˱׷˴ӵӳһֻʨӻһԾ뿪һ⣬赲ߺ͹ȥȻʧˡ
Ҫɽš
֮󣬱ٴαߣһûǡߴӹȫƫƫʱ򱱹СصС˹ֲʳգ˵ѣ̩һʧˡ
̩ʧڼսʧ
һлƻһ鼮û֣ɯȴȫˡһˣ漣ٵ̩û˵ʱʮǵıͥūӣҲǺ
Ӱӱūӱɱǿͷ١һֱصĿѾΪΰߣҲ⸽ǿĹҡ
鱾ûгνŮգҲûбʦһΣûߡɯȻӦ̩ϣʼ̩̩ģӵǿ͵̩ӡ
ƣ΢Цɢ
ǰȴۣ˫һ޼ʵգС¹һĴ鶯
̷̫Ħӭӵ¡
սŮ̷˹ӭӵ¡
ҹŮ̷ɯӭӵ¡
ũҵ񡭡
ػͷ֮񡭡
ڤ񡭡

һֱ˼Ͷ״סˣЩսľؿ˫ֽǰЩǣǲʲôˡ
˹ҲסˣҲʦ֤λӵһ棬Ŵͬʱӵݡе㲻˼飬Ϊûܹһ˵ڲҲǺܺ͵ľŴ١
׷ʲô£
˹̬ׯصǣ֮һ˲֪ܣʦԼȥѰӿʼңɣʦĸǹⲻġ
˹ûв´ǲӦôȥѰӣ˺ܾáΪɯǸǳ񣬲ҶԹ⿿˳˾һ״̬Ǿ
²κˣҲȥѰңֻü̳Ϊϸ̬ҲΪº͵˹ȥѰҡ
Ҫ̫̬̫࣬⣬Ӳ֮󷴸С
˹Ҳ֪һ˻ĹУһֱڱǲһ·һ˺һȺҰǶûϡ
ĮǸƤҩҲˡ
ǵ֮ǰǾ֮Դӵ̬ȡĻġԭĹ켣ǲԵģ̩ԣӵĺܡ
ǺһȺͲСʽ˼ҲеŤ˫ֽǰ񣬵û˵֪˵ʲôãʻҲ
Ϊμ˳׼ǰ˹ʣѿ׺֮ĽܡһһһŮ˵û뵽ž͵õߴ
˰ɣӲǵԽԽ£һȫˣе㲻֪롣ͺʲôûأƽ̨һ޴ľȼýһ˲еʿΪ֪ĸж
ȻҲһ˲䣬һֳ嶯ȥˣֻһ˵ĺøС
ر棬˹ô˵ʦģôһ¾ͽַ˼أ
ʵ˹ԼȦأҲǱ濴ȥ侲
һֹŹֵľ飬׼õдӿóǳлǸλٵ
򿪱ƽĽУ¶һӲӵס
Ǵҵļӣƶϣη庮䣬ߡϣ̩ĿǰЩ⼸֣˹˰αӲ
һʼһԼĪ裬ôдˣҲҪˣое㸴ӡ
֣׺ͺÿһóɣ˺üžס
ΪԣֻҪڶսѲط⣬ܴ֮̿ȽΪԭµļ⡣Ϊ̫ԣŲһʼó
Ҳԣ߲ǻյģһǼҪ
ףĲ͵ġû߲ȱݣҪֲɽأռҲȽϺýһ㣬Ѿ۲쵽̩ǱȽٵģɽ֣׿԰ֱ߽߱ǽ
ƽ󣡡ɯѿڶ
ƽףƲӲӵģͦ
ɯץŻƽȨȣԼı顣ǰһմڵ磬ûóӡ鱾ǻóʳ
ֱ۳ɫƽӣʳɹʹ棬ĥ
Ǳ֮ɯһֱ룺̩ʳͲΪıҡ
ȻѾ˹ӽӻδһµõʳ
ٷ׷׶ס˸ɰͰ͵ף˵ҫűȻƽҪ޵Ĺʡ
˿ٵͲǰһģһģеܳɯ˵ƽӣ߲ͺأǽʳȱð취
ǺɯһûһµõӵΣӡ
ʲôûѾҪĶһ˲ҲǸӺͼ
ͱڻͥūӵĶвһǴĵƶбȻǶƶĶִһĴڣһ漣ÿ˶Լ˽ģڶ޿ָժġ
֮ȻģǶĺøжȾġ˼Ҷ˵ͰҪĶ͹ҪиԺøжȵıֱӾ͵ñˡ
ȷ֮ǰǻֻǷۣһ˲ңе㳯Ψչ
ǰһ˫ƽ½С
֣£Ǻӻ˼ң˼ֻһƷҰģһλ˹æ͡
ͷ˹¶һò΢Цŷԭվһ˹
˹񣬴ӣҿദǢķϣһļѵø˹һЦתصϡ
ӵ£֪ϲʲôѾټ˹ǣҲҵ˺ʵĵأʱ

23  23 

л㱣һ˲仳ԼʲôԼ֪Ϸ⻷ķ֮ġ׵趼ûжôùȻҪ߼Уûһ
ڣǼ鼴裬衣
л̧ʱҪȽʳ⣬˵١
һҲ׼õĴʣһԷ̫ʵĻرʵְλӾܾϰ׼ˣû뵽ĻϣΪԷҪ޸߼
ԲˣָߴĽ˲ƣڰͷԼˢһøжȵġھޣȵܵĺôһ΢Сһģ˳ˡ
ټ˵ӾӦݵ˵ȵȰսʳ⣬ǰѰյ˸˵ǰ档
ûִǰСںĸ˼룬˼뻹Ȩܣٿǰյ档ʵҲǣܻһִ߲Ľ׼ġ
ִ󻷾£һһ¾Գĸк˽
λٱô˽еˣϲָ˽ˣϻӵĹ⻷ڣóĦԵٶ̲סǡɵ𡯰
һ˲ȻˣɯǸ磬̩ӣΪʲôᱻһ޳߹ƭȥ˱ӵز
Ϊ̫̫һ㲻ʹļ׵롣
ɵ׵󣺣
磬һᱻ۸ġһҪɳ㹻˰ȫװġ޳ܵġаĶһŲǰһֻӬ㿿
ôھסʣǾŸϵһλŽȨȣȨһֻӥһֺգ̫ı־
ٵһ˫۾һֻǻƺɫһֻǺɫǺĤɫ֢ʱһر
̩˶Ŵһֻ۾ʵһֻ۾ǶԴپηмӣ˹ֱԼʦ۾
ɳķһԺ˵
Ϊ˽ⳡ棬˿ʹõϰֻӦѧʱϰ׼ü׷ֵ׼ŬķթƵղԭ
СûûҰһ󣬾ԽǲԸСϱ˵졣
ɳķʶˣɳķӣͱԺ϶Ҳ˷̵ˣٻǾòģӵ£⣬ʥɹǲէ߲Ϥ˹Ҳûʲô£ңչ
ҵæ̳˹
G˹
Ҫһ򵼣ʶִԽͨѶõϢﲻУ򵼡
ҪԼ˵ҸµĲʶ˵򵼣˹
ѧʶԨ˹̸ߡ鲻׼λߣһ·ദÿԳΪѡֻǿǵ˹Ǵٵļ̳ˣ˵Ȩλأû˼ᡣ˭֪ԷʦƤһͰˡ
˹ҵңӵ¡
Ÿٱ飬֮ǰǲǣԺ̩ΨһϿɵӡӣڵϵĴˣݾǿ
Ŵǲһָλֻ£󲻵ӣǴ̩ӣӾܿ
˹һ˾ϵ̷ߣͬʱҲһμҡԼαѡ˺ɳķܻµֻ֧֣кô
˹Ѿϵľ޴ֵ
ο󣬺һ
Цſ˹Цۣü档
һӣδĹٵļ̳ˣ֪˹ҲǾŴ֮һôǰ;ͳһ·۲ˣ̶Ķ⡣
ؼ㣬˹ӻģȹɳķӵѾߡ
ԣվӲɣѡһԡûй˵վӣǾȡܾӦϡ
˹֪ԴСžţЦʱ򴽽ǴһС
ܸˣΪҲžø𣿡˹ĬĬٿһЦ̲סԶһЩ
ûҪԶһ㣬һʼοӿ̩ûų⻹ЩøУˡ
һʼѡ˹ȥҲˣ˹ʹ¶ǳĺã˶ӻˣֻһ˼Ӵӣǲеƫˣ
ֲֻ̩˹һӸϲֻһġһġһġб˹Ϊأ
ҪǿѾͬ⣬ٺ޲ðԼԸ񲻴ҲõĵӺŮһƼȥԼѡϧˣôٰεͷҲ˹ĵ·ƽһ֮
˹ʱˡһи뿪ʱ򼸸ٺ޲һؼȥ뻹Ǳ鷳ˣȥɳķǸԺסһԺתȥԷ͵ıԺ
󼸸ٶŮʮˣпŮһƺ㣬߳ŵģضӡ
ͷβûжһ䡮Ϊʲôӡ
ôܹܲΪϷˣһ£Ϊʲô׼ӣֻسסֿõĺôһ㶼ʵУֻ΢Цܡ
һôվڸߴעţΣյĿͬ͡ӵеĶע˲ǾͱǸλȷİȫ
ǻӵıԺȴֱԺѾ׼ˣţ򣬻мʶ죬ְƺʵˮԶԶľᵽԭʼʳζ
ԺĹܼҶ˹˵»ˣԸ׼ᣬлλ˵Ķ顣
䣬ɳķӹȻˣƲֵģֻڿ˹˵ʱŸһ£һˣôӽҺһ١
һ˵һ߿ȥ
ѧʱ˸̬ŮŮɳķ㹴ûֻ¶ģһ޹档
ɳķӶֲµıûеֿһ·û밤һ¸飬ϧ˹ûȤĸһš˼ͻȻͳ˹ٷ϶ӣһ߿ϧԼˣһòУԽǵòԽá
ɳķӵײ竣Ҳһ£ûȥû롣ǾŸٹͬõͣӽҪҶʲôǾŸ㹻һ
ɳķӿΪǶͻǺţͬһٺͼ˾Ҳʮء
ԶĲ˵Ĺĸ˹ĸɯѹɳķӣ²Ҫ뿪ҲҪðȥ˵ĻԭȻͷΣգûл
ĸ֪£ݺݰһ٣ʱԭ
Һ·ӣ˵Ҫӣûб̩һ޴Ӱҹ󷢴ȱŻȥ
ɳķȥϴȻ˹ȥһ¥Ӵ˵Ĵ
ʱδǽŵļʮȴѾȼʯͷ̵ĵذϷһһƤƤŴССĿݹпһϣһƣԶԶͶԿ֡
촩Űɫӣͷ϶ŻƽƷƷϻǶ˲ɫʯ飬ڻҫŶĿĹʣʶ᲻ӱơ
˵س˾ƽƱͷһ

24  24 

˹ӣֻˣҪһԺȡΧòŮͽ׻˵ֳֻ˹ֵӣϾ󲻹ȨȨ
˹һ£Ҳ¡Ƥϣžžɳķ˫ƣ˳֣ע⵽ﻹʦ
һȺֱɴŮŤ߽֫ǳڵذ裬ϳ˸ʲôûϸϸͭڵסŮظ͵֫Բ̵β
ŮͭŻ죬赸ҰңһСӵ׳֫һڶϲϹŵĽƷżƳһ۶ֵĶˡ
ۣƵؽĿ⼯ʳϡ
һװʳСΧһȦ
пСźͿţţдʶ졢ѬͿȸаļ弦гƬķĶΡˮĸ߲Ұֲͬĵϡʵˮ޻ʯʡ١һرҬɡ
̩Щˮ𣿡Щˮжϱֲֲ
ϣĺ״ơƣɫѾƣʲôˮƵĹƣ̣֭ͷˮ
ƯŮɳķһԣֻһʳ͵ߡǵĶ·ܹεѵɾȡλҪЩʳһžͷϣҲ١
ߵŮҲһֻԡ㡯ܾˡ
Ѭʳθһ㣬һѵĲϲΣһŽɿһ䱾֬ҪκεζƷܷӳе
ʳΪȱϵԵʣ³Թ͢ʦգ޵Ҳǲǿ⡣
˵߲ˣ۲˱ĶûģǱȽϿɬƷ֣ˮģǳ˿֮ҪһζһڶԸ⡣
ҪһЩ߲ˡ
ϧΪ޷˹ֲĹϵֻһЩԳζ
ԽִĸɫʳˣѾǼǰʮǰ㲻
ЩӳԵʳ﻽ĸζҪûԹҲͰˣ֮ǰʮģȱ㹻ϣԭҲȱ˵ʳܲ
ԺģŻһĺ⣬Ͱ׷䣬ܳ롣
ش廨⣬صŴ׾ƣбصСԲסϣˮ
Ȳ˵׷˵ɣҲ֪￪ʼֳûУУֲֳִζأʡϻֵζϣֻ¶ˡ֪Ҫȵ¡
ɳķӼɫ֪ᣬ趼ûʲôȤЩ֡ԼһζҲ㹻ˣҲΪ˿أ
ѵԹζʳ
ǱѾԵ˷ֱ֣ͣøɾĲ촽˫֣ǱѾơ
ûѾܷľͰѲص˵ǽժѣɾƣȵѳʱƲõѾƾζܵǹ֭ϣһеɬζ
ߵϲȾƣںˮ⵹Ǻ£ΪǺȵˮˮ
ȾƵ̬ŵ⣬һǶԼʿżķݡ
רϰģ·վˡԷˮһʼֻԼ塢šķڣʼ¼Ƶ͸עһ㡣
һʼϰģôγϰߣĿ̽˹
ǸˣжԱľжཾԽ⣬Խݲһ㲻Խ࣬ʱزȵԽǿ
ԼִĸĸЩ¶˵Ĳ⡣߶ദúãԶҲûԼʮûеףա
һ֤Ҳõġĸĸڵġ
룬Ǹӡ
αأõıǡ
һƺˣŮϣ˵ڶ
ȻֻǾƾϣȴ·ƾܣϼϲοԭˮ۾һʪģãġ
ʵ쳣ѣȴΪˡ
žƺŮԲ߲壬һ߳ˮһ۲
ˣܿİ䡣
ŮֻܣҪȥֱȴһ˫һסһûӦһĻȥˡһŮ̽˵ƵĹǳרҵظ󲹳ˮ
ʱһ˹΢΢
֮Ůˣһʼʵûʶӱռˣ˹ˣʾǰðߣһĻ
ͷɳķӽһпŮһҲˣò˼顣ĻӣζϾȻںʱҪ˵Ĵ
ʱѵӦ˳ƾͰ˯ŵģƾʲô˯
˿ȾҲʵʵ󶼲˿ֿͬʵʵԺر˹˹ߵŮؾԶСûнӴ
ɳķӣ
ΪһӣʱΪԼ̫о˸롣
ɳķӵıԺסձȥһԺгʮɳķл񣬻ǵӦʡ
һֱߵǺڳǵߵĽӴһӣʯͷΧǽȦһƬٶĶĵأǰʯšãʹˣ߳һɽӵˣͷϴźɫĲɵñӣŰɫӡ
߹ǰˣգԭĹ¡
ˣ͹ū֮һɫñӣǸеλ¡
룬Ѿúá
Ȼǣİ߽ȥŽһƬĻ԰ʯ·ߣͻܣһˮӡ԰мֻ׵Ư÷¹ȥݴëҰѼʱʱһˮﻹмԴ׶졣
ˮǻˮӦǿĵˮ滹˺Щ㡣˴ˮϵͳĺܲ
԰ܴӲŵӣʱ˵ʯĵĽѾϸûˡ
һʯͷףƽ̨ľ޴ӣûʲôܺͻ滭ȥɾ࣬һתܶҲܴ󣬹ֲܷͨͨҲһӦ豸ȫȻͭƷ
ͨԺС·ԺǰԺһʯͷĵ㷿͵ķ䡣
ľͷΧɵһЩȦȦţȦȦͼŷųȥˣֻһţĬĬĳԲݡصţūۼɵĴţţġ
ԺһȲ֣֮ǰͱµʮСԼչ޵ΡЩֻһ䡣
һƯһȦ׼ʵݡǺúչ˰˵ش˸ǡ
ӻûй꣬ñӵմҴææ̨ϣˣ˹˺ͳˡ
Щ֣֮ǰѾԼɳķӶ˵ˣֹˣҪ˹Ϊʲô˹Ҫأ
ǽ
ߵԺȻƺƵһ飬ˣණϸһƺȫһЩ˽Ʒʹùĺۼ
ЩǣָԺ˺
ЩǴҼд˺˽˹Ц˵Ϊ˸õطӵ£ҾסҵܼҰɡ

25  25 

ĶӣδĴٸܼң
֪Լøʲôã˹, ҪҪ˵, ֻ
˱µĹõĴ, 󻹲̫˵˵ЦȴôҲ벻Цô˵ġ
˹һֱ˵Ҫ˵ֿ죬ЩŹŹֵֹĺץ½һо
̲סļ򣬰±, û˵
ǼðϸĥԼյЩʻȥ˹ͨ
̩ﻹûѧ, Ҳûѧ, ̩˽⻹࣬ס, ÷ҡ£ҲҡҪ, ҲԳ֡, , ֻһЩ˹ԼҲûע⵽Լ˵⻰ʱôᡣ
ǣס㣬зӣмˡ˵, ǲס, ˹Լļ, ס˵ʲôܼңʲôأ
һסƫ˹˵֮סҲ֪ǲǼҡ
ܼ̳дٵλãҲǸͷʱҪ뿪ȥ١ϼǻزȥˣһжǴģûʲô¡ô˵Щңûмҵġ
˹Է¶ʾӣǸͦǿƵˣȴЩȣһ²֪ôܾˡ
ǣأ¡
ǣܼҡǣѡһһٵ˵
˹Цһ˫ɫ۾γǳǳ⣺ǣ¡
˹ǿֶκͰ·£Ҳͼ˰ӾеͶ˾ͰĶڵķ䣬ûһͰƫķƹˡ
˹˽Ʒ࣬ǹԵĶûԵĺװԵһȦܾʱƷˡ
ķһ㣬˾޴ĴľƵĻźʵĴźʵë̺һͦĵľһС鷿εиܣһĶͬȫԵġ
طҪסϺܳһʱ䣬Ĳ󲢲ʮ⡣
룬˴˻̽һ
ŮǳȥľΡӵƳȥһƷӼƷһҳ治ټҾƷЩ˽ģҲǼףࡣ
ѡһ׺ľҾϣ״󴲡ͷ¹ϡױ̨ȡ׼ҾǼŷʽ񣬳ƸСϲ׼ҾߵıԵߴý˿Ƕйʱһֵ͵ݻ
֮ѡ˺ͺľҾĵĴþߣϲǳɫģһǻɫΪнƣԲᰵ
ٴδţ˹߽߽Ѿ
ԭŴλûǷŴһ׿ľƵ񻨴󴲣Ҳ֪ǻôģĶԳơ󴲴һU˫ʣһǳɫĺɴǰɫɴҲǳɫģ׹һӨ͸Сʯ
Ѿ̺˴ͱӣǰɫģһַǳ⻬ĲϣŮļǻɫϸϸĽɫУǱ֯ʱֱӼ˽˿֯ӡϻͬɫԲα
һ࣬ӵĵطһŵĹӣӺʹױ̨һԲεĲױȥ¹״Ĺ¼ܡЩʹƺһ׵Ķɫͷ񱣳һ¡
ԭȷεС鷿ڻΣǱֵͰΣǿ˫Ȼ´ΣһԴ
֮⣬ڴڵλüһɳͲ輸ʵʱ򿪻ȲԵģӦʮ⡣
󱣴ļҾиַģŵʽŷʽִʽŷʽʽӡȷ硭ϸһһ׺ľǱȽϵ͵ģͽķҲȽϴ
͵ԼĿ˾ġ
֮ǰһ·ίˡ˹Ȼһµķ䣬һһ·ϼªľסʵؾãƢĺܺá
ճôǰҲ͸סȦɡ
˹ųҸǿң˸۾գ
ľƼҾϵĻƣ˺ýˣúõӣĥܴĥִǿҹҵеıֱȷ׵ϸ΢ʱĹʵڲ
ܼ򵥣һʱ
ɴʺͱ׶ûлƵģ̫ɫˣ˿ϸ޲ûУдɫĶӣûУְ͸Ĳ˿ɴûС
˾̾ԲξӺϵ͸
ǰסĵط𣿡˹ָ˿ıоһӶơĲϣҲֻһӶûе˿ʹðɡ
ԡͷϲһУ㡣
һǶʽҾߣʵ䣬˹˵ĸоһ͸ллһ·չԼ
Ȼ̬ȣ˹ʧЦ֪ûн׼ġûĳĸײʹõĸѾ֪Ȩʹõģɲ
Ķֻ˿ʹãһԼǹΪ̫Ա˶ʸ˲ӵСҪ˶ӵ֮
˹ûд̴̾ͰԼ뷨˵İԼĶԼһͨĿ˵̣ˣ
ҺϲֻӵǡκʹöûЩ
Ҫ˵˹Ѿ۵ýģһ˵˳ԵģȥԵ㣿
Ȼôȥöˣǲϰߡ
ĹкһֵֺΪÿζΪܸ߳кƫƫˣ˹ҲãɳķҲãϲ־Ŷߣǲš
˹ңߡ
˹˿յ֣΢΢һЦǣ¡űɿˡ
ߵ¥£һͨܺõĲѾϰʢʳΪµ⣬ҲþԼֺò˶óˡ
ǿΪ߲˶ûˣҲûɹ˸ɺ˵ϰߡ
ͷһһ£Ҫʯһ̨ʯĥ
ǰ֪ôĥɷ۵ģֲڣ֪ʱôĥɷ۵ģȻǴֲڣȴҲˡ
֪һҪĥһۣȻҪСʱʱ䣬ľȥƤȻʯưʯ飬ɸϸСۣѴִŻȥ飬ظĹ̡
Ǹʱ;ãʯĥӦóˡ
극֮ͺ˹ȥ¥ϣʯ¹Ȼǵðбˡ
ճСľһʯĥģͣӸʾⶫ;
˹Ĵʮһ۷ǱڼֵҲһ¿ʯĥģ͵Ǳڼֵʯͷ
ͷֱȻС
мʯԲԡ
ֹһ㶼ǹҳԱĸΪҹɹҹżҲӱĵӡҪߵͬ⣬õǮҲȫ䵽
ͰԼСģͷŵŸʯ
еСţ֪Ϊʲô˹ȻЩɰѶСţԼһˮˮʪˣ֡
ء󿸲סʱʱܵľٶϹŶˣʲôôɫʵ̲סȥᡣ
˹ûϸϸһָһָĲãӵ£о죬Ϊ˾ְ𡣡
оָõĵطʪʪڶԷϣȴȵġǲû뵽ν̡ġ̡˹ԼҲȨ
ϵŮɫ糣ԵС֡
£һֻ֡
ԥҪҪףͷ˹һЦסһֻ֣ϸĲһûôܣ̡ĳ̶ȣôһ׼
ϲҪ˵˹Ȼ˵
ԡ
ֻһ㣬ʳﲻθڡϲ⣬˵̩£û˿ʹίڣϲͿԾܾκˣҡôԣôã
˹뵽һ·֣̾˿ˣ֪ξܾȫҰɡ
󣺡

26  26 

ΰʯĥ
һʯĥĥ֮, Ҵʵ޻ĴͷӴΰ󹤾ߡ
Ҫѡϸʯ, ĴĥݴСΪĺ, Ժôˣ϶õġ
ǰеģ
Ȱɹɵŵ߹ľͷͣصĦѿǡ
Ȼ󣬰ѿǵŵʯʯͷ, ѡϸۣʯøϸκȻСմ۷ͺɰˡµĿִۻɫڵĺܳˡ
ǵ, Ǻ, Ҳܳ˲üһεĺ伢
ģ
߹һΰ, һͷľͷһͷ, øܸԭѿ, ͶЧʡ
ѿǺ¿ʯĥĥʮϸķĩȻǷϸĥ, κȻСմ۷İǻͨǷϸ壬ûʵĥ¸Уͷļţ̵İóԡ
µϱĲιţѼ
˵ӵһİɫ, һʴǮ, ˹ȫ͸ʯ, ǸʯЩǮ㹻һӺúùˣοһҶ˹š
˵طҲʼʯĥˡӵ޳̸ˡܶ˶ȥѧϰƽ֪ˡ
ʯĥǰǰһ£ʧкܶѾˣӵ¡ǺͱµĹ͡
һʮ£תһһ£¼ڵġ
¼һյʱ䣬¼һµʱ䣬ÿµʱ䶼̶ʱʮţʱʮһʮҡ
ǿʱ򣬱Ժĳǳ֣Ů졣¯յģƮɢʳ
Ķɲù̩Ķ²󣬰컹رͣܶˣҶˮͽѩʪʪ䡣ǽҾȴܺáȫЯӽ̩Ϣһֻƽһӡ
͹һƶũ·ȼõʳսԵǴܡ
ƽڴµ֡
ЩĴ̩ѾԲơѾ̩ôǲЯ̩ۼɢȥһЩǱƵ·ߵĵز󲿷ƽ񶼲뱩/ҡ
£ľƵѹȻʯĥѾȥ
Ϊʯľ˴ʯĥѹȻһַŸƽһȥԼءЩ۲ֻ߰ҪȽϼ̵ʯġƽҲԼͥһʹ˼ͥͶ
ʯĥĥϸϸۣŮ˵ҲתСһʯĥСʱҾĥüյķҲԼһˮֶӣӥ춹ĥɶ֭˺ȡ˵ζˣ⻹Ӹǵġ
ûг죬ѾܵӵĺôǱκ˶Ըţӵĵ̩ǿġ
ӵ𣿡
ûУӦÿˣ÷˹ȥӵ¡
˹̫Եˣ˲ӵµķ䣬Լȴȥ
ŮԽ˵Խˣﰢߦľ壬ŵŮ̱졣ǹһȥ߲ˣŮٴС۾۲˷﹤ͣСȰȰȡ
˹ϲ׽ӵ£ѵǲ׽𣿡
Ůһ۾ң룬һ߰Ѷһӵ°ʯĥ˿ȥǰһҪĻˣһǻۡȻɫòΪʲôǻأܵӵֻһ죬ҲԸ⡣
ŮǶйټáʯĥĳ֣ѺõģΪǰĥӣǿǸơǻ۵ô࣬ȻΪЩߵֻһܲϲ
̩˵Ĺūֻҹͣعܵõ⣬Ǵ֮ҲϢʱ䣬ܳԵζɤӵˡ
飡Բİʯ壬üë𣬴غȵȻʱ˵ĵعû飬ȥһЩ
Ů͸ȥԺ̣ͷԺǸٽ¿ĴʯĥһۣǵģŮӾмĻ͸ӦŬȻ͵͵Ķӵ±вʵʵĻ롣
һȽϳɵĹЦӵòʢŮϲᣬԴµȹҲϸģѹЩ뷨
ôˣδ޴ˣ㲻С£Ҳֻ˵һ٣Ҳֻһ㹤³óªҲŮӱ򶯣οӵҲɫ֪ԼأǿԵİɣ
Ҳ̾˿뵽ԼıߵŮһİĽɳķӵ£ڹҲá
ûԹɳķӣһǳõū˼ɳķиԭǲŮ֣ŮҲûòɳķԭ򡣰ԼŮ׼˷ױòͳɫĲգƫƫǲϷΪɳķӼ檵뷨ڻȻһ
Ǵһˣʲôõġ
˹ŽʱѾˣǰëʳдռµļ֡ͷɢֲĶ΢΢
ʱ滹Ϊһҹѩ·ƽջҪ֡һ裬汾̿ѾϨˡΨһĹԴϵŵ͵ƣһͭŮ͡
˹Ӵ߹¼˺ʵ޶񣬸ϣȻһǵ̬˫ֻŵ̬ΪϵϴӣС
Ŀһİ޴룬֮˹еôˡԴӵõʦͽ̺չӣƺʼ޷ԼҪ׽Ϊˡ
һ˵¡
˹ִˣֵ֪ĳ嶯֢
Ϊ͵ȫΪһδٱ̫࣬ݵ΢ҿ˹ȱһּûо׽ʮֿƣԲֿ
ȻΪ۹ߣ޵ĹϵĵĿûҵʲôʺϵĶҲһֱû¶ֱ󣬾áһԼ⡯ԾͿʼ䣬ҸһԿơ
˹㿴дúôֽϵ֣ƵĴëıдģþϸͭıͷд֮ǰ˱˳ˣëˮҲдһ־մһī
˹һֳֻϣһֻļ򣬵ͷд֣Цıдģʻϸ
ֹëʣһīдһУáǱʵͷϸ۸ߡͨ˼ңûнǮѧϰ̩ͨôãһ̾ûˣͻĿİͰ͡
ͨ˼ҵǹٻ˱ʣȴϲͭëʵġһۣ΢е˽Ը⹺򣬱־Ͳƶѧϰġ
Ҳֻᵣͨ˼𡪡ǸΪʶ֡
˹ܴûʲôʶȻĻʱӦøͨ˲Ṻģȴ˵һֱõģҲ
дһоˮϴɡ˹ɢͷΪ
ֱסͷĬĬ˹֪ʲôʱӡ
һһۡ˹
ۣǱ˵ָͷƤʱ򣬼ƤҪˡ
һЩ
ףһٵļ̳ˣΪʲôҪЩԭŮҪ顣Ϊ棬ô㼸ˣ޾ϸչǲ̫ˣ
Ϊʲôͷ
˹Ѿָһͷɫͷ˿һǳһ˸Ĺ⣬ȥҲϸϸģһΪͷ˾ôƯͷΪʲôҪأͷ鷳½Ҿͺˡ
ϲĳҲϲӡ

27  27 

Ů÷ˮ͸ɾëŮˢĶ
, ͷ, ǳɫķ, ֻЩġɫϸ壬һξͺԡ˹վӱϣƺҵµëʡ
÷Ѳˮš˵ݸϴ, һɵһҲɢˡϴݺ֣÷ǲǿ, õ϶ĻشŴŮ, ϴþ뿪
ʵӦûһͿĨѵ֬ĳΪ˱ֶʱƤˮ֡ԼõĶ, Ҳ̫ϲЩ
Ůߺߵױ̨Ǳ, Լ¶˪
˹óһƿˮڻ͵Ķ, һ, ֻ࿪èϴһһ١Ȼָ⻮һѩ׵֬ĸ壬һһ١
ûͬĨ˷ѵһ壬ˬˬġ
̩û˲ܰ˵, ˹ҲϲԼͷƤ, ̩, Ϻͻ߶֬ģרͷģҲרϸ弡ġ
ԭ˹ҲĶãõĶ࣬ǿˬˬˮ뵽ԼĨ֮ҪõԵò̲࣬ס£ϸ
㿪һ㣬˹һ棬ĹӸҪĨô
˹ûѩ׵ĸ壬ֻǵͷᣬûдͳζֻеĹ㣬ܵŲ֪ʲôӣеϵҲ
ţ˹ָմһ㣬ĨֱϣĨ֮ϸ֮࣬壬Щ㡣
̲סϱ˱ܣʶء
˶žо˪
ʲôģһЩ
ҪЩ棬ƷЩɱĶͷջõʳ
ԭǹģҲǺ󼡷ãרҲϲ۵ࡢѬ;ơ
޹۵ĴͳȭͷƷ֮һͬʼ߼۳۵ĻоƺԡûԣʱһЩҲƼ˹ݵã˻һǮܴһŮ
ֻ˹³ų̬ȣǰ˵
պӵˣҲ԰ŽЩϸ޹˻Ľġ˹˵Щϵ̬̹ĻϵǲԼ׬Ǯ߳ܵĻߵ׵飬׬ǮǱ¡
һҪôЩԥܾԼһٴˡ࡯ķһ
˹ע⵽˵ȴϲΪʲôϲĹǧţûרŹԶһΪİӵ顣ȣʲôɲýܰչأ
ǡˡİ߳ܣΪûʲôر׵Լʸ˹Ĥݺ͹º˹˵˵Ĺ̫һ
ֻ˵ټĵطһô
ϲԸһֱߡ˹˵֣أһûеЦ˼ġ
壺ôУмˣúͼһ𡣡
˹һҲԼˣŮ꣬Ӧ뿪ţѰҵطסҳˣԾԼľ
˵һ£˹Ҫô˹°޵ɫӣ˶ˡ
Ҳǣϲšֻûк˾ף޷Ρ˹Լ°϶̶̵Ļûõĺӣֿ°ͣ˺ӸһЩ
ȴͱˣ˺ӾͰôÿסˡ
Լ°ͣü̫ϲӣ鷳ϡҪǣëǳϸϸĸɫһ˺Ҳ˧ɽӣǶְ
ż󲻿˵ԼΪ˧ԲԸӣ˺ӣࡣ
ԼһֵĲӵ̧֮ۿ˹ҪһֱҲô
ȻʲôԵġ
ô
ᡣ
Լ°ͣžԼӵӣĬĬ̾һ
֮ͣǾһˡһЩ̵Ĺһ߲һö
ʱĹǼģǸζˡܻԲߣϰĹ
ܳԵʶˣԵЩ߲˺ͼǱģ˵Ǵٱ˶ûôʱǹҲⲻû߲˺ˮӣռҲûˣΪͲµˡ
Աͼ򵥵ڣȻǹ嶼ԲĶá
ԹͣҪȥԺһߵģ·ϵĻѩѾˣطѩţܰ
ȥ߹һȦ붬ΪͦɵģΪһ˶ûУôҸԸԼǺ濾Ż¯һ߳Կ⣬һߺȾƣÿնȥ档
̩ƹнڣҲϲȾƣֻҪˣȥһȥˡ
ƽûôĲ;ƣһʳҲ½ٱ࣬û㹻ǾƤӰԼһҲϿӡ
ƤӶûУֻðԼѶҲ΢ů
Խ˽յӣԽҺͺ£һ顣
Ϊңڸ͸ʣûмͿʼΪµʳȴûи˴˲ĸı䡣
¶ʳ֬ࡣ
ˣ˸һ־رֵˡһõĻ໥ȫѱ˴˱õġϲԵģǾܾˣΪ棬Ҳ
˹ĸɯ
Ҳ£Ҳ޵¡
ˣһһϣ
ɯһҵ̩ӣαֻǱԺԺҲ˹עͿأκһİ뿿Ӽҵš
һ˴ʱڱһֵϡӱʹ߸Ǵ̩Ĵ˵̩͵ӣٺǿ
ʹûнϢϣΪ̩Ϊ˰ĸİϷҲһ뷨̩õĸ٣ʳӰرܱߵĹҶʲôʱ̩Ǻ÷һ
Ǹӽʲô
С󣿰Ǹֵ֡
ѵһһŮľƱ̵Щãգڸʲô
ûпıƳΪŮֻһͨ˼ҳŮ̹ԭ¡ӵܺãϱ輧ں**ҲͷŹգȥ
뿪ᣬ촽ôܣ˹Ľָôȥ̩ʲôӣ
ܿˣһֱȥһĹһЩƾɵĹΪ˲ӣҲڴɨһʮɰѧϰЩȫһСüŷâ˫Ŀǻۡ
ᣬһɳ졪ȷš
ա꿴վЦƲסһֱڵ㡣
ҲǱӣ˹ȴӵģΪĸһŮūѾŮū
ķչ˹괺죬ȥʱǸЯž޴ָˣõİΪ̳ˣȻȻΪʷ϶޽еǿ
ǱǲǽĴԽߡ
ʱ꣬ܶϸѾǲˡǵģԽǰֻһε鼮
ԭǿ紫ҵ񣬾ǼﳤֻЩתٶˣĳĳĳƭֵĲ߻ߺͻߡ
ӡиĵĵ䣬Ŀеĵǿ˹ݣǶõŮõĵŪϢʧ
ڴԽ֮ǰΪİ࣬ƭ±سǻû˺ʧȥ֮Ҳٱˣرڣ֪ѧϰǰƭûУֻҪӣֲҪ顣
ֻҪǮʱΪΪΪʲô벻Ҫ飬ôŮˡŮ˲ӵģļֵӹ˭
Ϊ£ȥ֪ôʹˡ
ʱʮǰʱİԵ˹ֻǸ۸ĺӣճ˻룬ʮ裬Ѿ˹رһڡͬʱ˹Ҳرġ
δĴ˹еˡ
˵ŮˣԼӡǶȿնԼĴԽӦҲȫֻвɣ
ʵǡǡ෴Ů˵շԸˡʲôЦһκӾǸһνһ궼ĥ֮벻µСôӣñŮȥĸӡ
ԼⰹĶĵ壬ؿڵĶ¡ϲˣϣԼŮˡ
ʱԽãԽ󡪡ݣЯǿָԤġϹĽôˣ
ľ飬кڣ˹ʦսŷһУֻǶԷûлӦⱾһcpģ߼ٻͷ
Ѿ˹Ҽһеռ
ⲻԸָΪʲô̩ӡ
ҵĳֵһ𣿵ô£

28  28 

˹ĺӣ
ıʵϣ˼ؿ˹°, ûһë׵ĺ, ˹Ȼǵһ
˹ĳ࿡, һͻȴ֦˪ѩͬ׼Ĺȫͬ
ϲĳࡣ
˹ڵ°ͣͦõĺͻȻˣ·һ
ǷˣΪ󼸾仰, Ϊ̾һʱ嶯͸ɳĴ¡ȴûˣ̩źְ, ҲһͲǱˡ
һ㶼ء
˹, ÿʵ޵
ÿôĺÿ
̬棬˹һ, һֵصͷԱߵ£Ҳûʲô, Զ˯һЩʱ䡣
, кӵʲôû, ѩһƬһƬطš
ִһƬѩͻѩˮϺñ
˹վѵ񣬲ҰԶһ, ˫µĻ¯Ϻ濾ů˲
ûѵо, ڨڨ
֪, 
˹ıϣİԼůůƤӸԼ︴ϰѧĴʡ
˹Ĳһۣ͸˷۷۵ĺ졣ŹֵڲëɫӵĶůůģһ˵¡
յѹʲôûУóԵûУҲûУ캢Ӻûʲô¿û캢ӣһģÿվǸ˹ѧϰ̩ͬ֡
˹ЩԼ£ԼũׯģʮеܡС£һļ˾ʹˣżҲд˵ģ͵¼˼Ĺ˹д´ʹͻȥ
Щµʱ˹󣬶Щֳɵӽôͬ͵£Ϊʲôôʲôݡ
û˹ôؽΪ˼ǰɸϵĹʲô֪ʲô룬ֻҪϸļ
ԼδзأЩ¶Լ⡣ԼˣҪƭҲѡ˵
ԺԼķأ
Ǹͷ֧ƱҲĶˡ
˹̣ѧǿγֶδЩ¡˹̵Ķܶ࣬ͻ˵һЩ񻰴˵أܶණúѧϰһ¡
ȴ֪˹Ҳ룬̴ǿְЩޱˣֻȡ˼ȴܾһˣܻѧãгɾ͸С
ʱѧúһֱߴ˲ɢ
˹ޱڽ̵˹ĺøнڽߡ
ոһ޼ദУ˹ķԽԽͣѺֵһһǶɵˣɻΪʲô˹ôãʦô
˹ֵ𣿡һϣͻȻ
һֳһܵܡ˹˵
ҲǸõܵܺͺø磬ҾǶֵػҵһͣá
ôһһΪֳ͵ܹܵκһΪֳ͵ܵζô˸ô˹ţȴû˵ΪԼҲ֪ΪʲôҪֻˡ
ȥֵһ괺ʱ
̩һ롣̩ĹһλӹҪ̫ϣ˳һճɡ
껹Ҫرһ㣬ΪҪ԰չʾһµӣҪӡһһӵʽ̩İգеš
Ȼû¶ֽţ˹ǴƵ·ԥŴʲôվսϵľٶ￴
ˣǴ̩Ĵͳΰɡ룬·Ȼ죬Ǹо룬Լóϣһ׷ڽʿݵķΡ
뷨˹ʱ˹˵ԣλרΪ·ƷĽˣһλŮԺλԡ
óʮֲϣ鲼ϸ޲СɴޡǣҪʲôɫС˲űӵµһ£ӭЩϡĳ
ЩѻڴϿҵĲϣһΪұȥ
λİӣ˶ӵʣǼ
½СƤ߸ߴ硣
ű׼ߴģͷȣ±ȣǽӽҴӷ˿ֺףҲһġλרΣ纣һе߶ģıɫ
£˼Ĺ屦ͱʯĽϡһ鲻Խ
һƤؿ˹
˹Щͬ˵ȴԴǵضԽ˵úıְҪӵ´ȥա
˹߹ȥ󱣻ʵվͽ֮䣬ס˶Է
ʹϧᣬֱ˹ѾԶ׼Ĳãڨڨ˻ȥͬһֲϡ
̩ʽķξǼ֣ݣܹԦκηݣǺѡΪһ׿ʽʲôϣڲȴ
һѡɫĹУƽҫĲһ飬Ϊ⣬κ˶޷ԦԴεĲϣ׵ɫͻӱʥ
µʥòκιΣɫʺϵµġ˵
Ҫ˵أȻɫûرׯصɫϡһСɫ޵ı߱ߣһ½ˡ
޵Ծڹմֳ͵Ч޶ЩɫĹУɫɫΪصɫرϣĿеġŮ񡯡
һѡһʯĵɫаɫɫĹ̬ˣɺ֥ɹһֺմӲƳ
ΪĹպͼľǳԽʱģϱϸ󣬷ǳӸ˵ءº͵ӡ
˶Լİ¹⣬˭Ҳ޷˵˭öҪ
ȻǶԼϵʣǾÿ˶һӵѡ񡣡˹˵
ʵҲԼ˽ģϣش̩ĴͳΣ׳Ϊ̩ӣ
ûв˹ģҲԼȻѡ̩ҲӦ뵽ȷʵشͳΡҲҲȱ͸ɴÿ˱ǵĲϻȥ˼ҪõʽװҲճ
ǴϲǶɫֻѡزϣǳ鲼
Ǻ£ϣպ˳ƷһʽװͼճΡ˵ĵ֮Թһ飬˹ѡһ׺ʵġ
˹ɫ˫ɫһЩߴ޳Ĳ䵽ë̺ϹĽϡ
ɫеʥಢƮݵģȾʱ뿪صȥ
ɫԸһ͸ӵܵĽ
ɫ޵һغ͸߹˲ֱӡ
˹ϲװɫģʥ⣬ûѡһǸѡɫ·
·Ž۵ɫ޶ϣȻصĸоĵԽӿ߲ˡ
ԼҲʮ⣬ڴ¾ǰתȦ
һװɡķﱸá
ʱվսϵĿɲֻһҴЩӵ·ǲе̫ˣͻȻ뵽⣬ߵļ쵼ײͲϡ
˼鲼ϣ׽Ƶɺɫнɫǡ̫ޣУһ͸һ͸һ㹻һ·
⻹оźУһɫûд޲Ϻһɫвͬɫ·Щ͸١
޵ϴ䣬öһ׵ģӾЧǿҰɣ
ûѵ£Ȼ뵽Ŵٺ̩һͲϣ˹ͻȻϻοĹοһ׼ʶˡ
Ȼһͱһˣ˹ļװô
˹
£ҵļװĲϡ
Ϊʲô
ˣͲˡ£ֲϣӴԺֻ̩˿Դ˲ԡ͵̳˺͸λӣʹñȹԲһӣӵһ࣬Ҳûһʼ𺳵Ч
̵˹۾ãġ

29  29 

һգ絽, δʱ򡣲, ׼ȷ˵, ҹ
ΪҪǵ콫δ֮ǰʼ߼רõһ·̫һ·ߵúͷ˿ʱ, ̫ոʱ򵽴
ȻǽȥдٴŽм
һ󣬻˸, Ա¡һ, ԱȻҲࡣ
Ҳǳδ룬Ѿʳľ޴ΣӺӿǽĹؼ
ǷǳȨ, ʵνӡŮǿܵģκΣҪ˼ȥҾŸվ, һ, Ӷڿ, ҲֻűĬδųλʵ
Ѿˣڴٺ͹֮һϻӣ, ֮ǰٵǸ, 滹ǸסȻҪ֣صذ׹̫ǰ, ֮ǸŹһ
ΪӡǲйģֻҪ͹ҲĴһ˫ֺǰϹ
˹˵κһ˶ϥǣΪӣϡֻ̩ڱҲһǿӾĵλ
˵棬о쳣߳ܡر˹Ϊɺ޲ðҵ
͵һҲһ쳣Ŀ·Ǻ׽ƵǰɫƤëߵɺɫнߵ̫ǣڹϵǳһ
ʵ̫ԹˣϲĿɫڲͬʸУҪǣϵǳͼĲϣĳϾϿȨ
̫ʱر塣
ͬʮϲĲϣɫɫŲͬƵɫҲرͻɫģһʸо֪أϵ͵Ļɫ޶ǵ͵ݻں
ǲǹһģǴʮ£Ѿ嶯ϲҫ͡ǵҲǹӲӵĽΣǾϸĥǶʯֻϵȨǽġ
յĲ֮ңūʳͲƥ
Ӻصӵ裬һһѾׯ԰԰︺ֲԼƵĽˡõѾơ
ׯòԶڿ︽һҲ͵ˡ
һ㲻֡˹˵һǮ̳ĸ׵һУǸһͭ󡣳Ϊһ֮յһۿΪ»ǸۿڲΡ֮½յһЩ˽أܱ¶ûǮ
һ͹ǱãĸҲǹзء
󵽵ʱ򣬹ҲѾˣ߹ӵһ˫ŴĲɫ۾ĹâǮдˡ
Ȼ̩ܵǣҪĵһëȿˡ
߿һ㣬ҪҺӵļ档
ǮȨĵһ¹ƿëͶ¶ЦӵҺϲ
֣ܵߵһߵλϡȻһֱߣѾӡһرλã˺ҵ׽Ҳ˱
˹֮Ҳˣ档һһ߾ɳķӣһ
ɳķӴӱϵŮ˾ƵľƱǶԲĺ解Ȼһӵһñطӣӣװֵܣþò
ģĺס˵飬ŮŮϲô£
Ҳλϣûвãһĸֲ߰ǵһ֪ÿι̵ʱڹڰסͳԺ˵Ƿޣ˺սѡ
Ҳ̫ܹɫϲҲĨӣֻ̳ǵĺӣǵĬ
Ҫμһμ˺ܶ࣬˺ܶˡǶžƱʺã˳ҽܡ
ʶ˲ֻ࣬оŴ٣͵һɳķӺ˹ΪȽլҲ޹ʿͦˣȻҲʶ⼸ˡ
ȻϿѾʶ̩ٷ֮ʮԴˡ
ʶǣܶȴ֪Ƕ桢ʽ飬һᣬȫˡ
˹žƱ٩٩̸Ȼϻ΢΢ĺ죬̬ȴȻ󷽣ɫչÿ˵˭벻ǰ˵̩̩ĳʶҲһ֪
ѧϰġ˹̲סԼѧ߱ȽϡʵûпɱԣĵطڣͬһӲ᷸ڶ飬һֱڳɳۿɼڳɳ
ӣҲǸˡܿ˷˵СëĻ
΢΢ʱʼ߳ǷֿߣȫװֵǷֿߡȺ˿ﱾˣѶĸׯĴԼԶˡ
ĵһڶŵսװ˼Ʒӡһ޹޵Ѿƺơۡţ̡̺֮һȺһȺţЩҲǼƷ
ڼƷĺҪȥμӴˡ
һǹ͵һɺɫһ˴ҵע⡣
ǴδɫޱĲϣԶԶ͸оرᣬѵʲôƤëΪʲôоȴƤëᱡ
һѽջ裬һչ¶˫ɫĻۡȺ̱˻̩壬Ӣжһı׼֮һ
һ˫̩ŮȨȣⲿչͬȹ֡
͵һ֮ʿȻĳվм䣬Уɳķӣұ˹̩δ
ӵ£̩ӵ£Ⱥ׷۾ȥ
ΪҲΪϣ
⽫δ峿ߴȻģܡ¿ˣԽԽһ峿΢µɫĳһֱϢ
İ΢ЦЦϵů
һյЦݣ赹ֵߡ
ȺﻹһˣһŮһϸĸԾؿϵǸŮͣ¡
££ʼƴ֣˳Ⱥ׷ɯǰɯϴҸ΢Цɯ
ԱΧ۵˵·ǳǰҲйΪѧ̨ʱ򣬳úԸҲõԵò٣ǲİɱŵرԼ顣
ЩǲϾˮһŮŮ׷ʹ޳Ǻӣллֹ
ԭѾô֪ô鸴ӣı۵ؾ̩һЩĹͣ˵Լҹʲô˲Ĺ֮ġ
̩ǲеɵ𰡣Ϊʲôôã
վǸмΪϣ˹˵
ֻڵҪǣȫӵĻ룺ʰʥࡢ󡭡ӵе˵
һ·⣬ձ档
սҪʯȥ˫ŽУ׼Сһ߽ݣòȵ°ˤ˹Ѿ£һֻһ°ڣС˵ߡ
£ҡ
һůϵЦ¶ȡ
лл
˹һ°ڣֱ߹̨ײŷ¡
ٴηֲ㣬һЩСԱ͵ȼߵļ˾ڽ£վֱ࣬ͦ壬Ŀ׷ǰĹˡ
ѷŻε̨ͭͿĨ֦ʱŮŻһһӽһ·ӣɢŨᵽζ·ܵ¶ȡ
ѵȺʱĴٻȺС͵һڵһݶӣŴڵڶݶӣڵݶӡ
˹һȴɳķӺһ£ǶһۣȵѾĲŸȥ
ճƣɫĹϣ˫ֱŽУͷȥԡڹУüģ߲֪ʱ˽ߵĺϼ

30  30 

һûʸڵˣԺƺƵĶ, ԽμӼ, ֻа˲, ˻дֻۿ
߳ȼһѬ㣬ȻѬһƽӡŻƽӣʼ̫п̩
ǸΰʴȣȻ˵ȥһĹҪǶ, ԰ʰ˵ˣʮļ̳˵ȵȡ
֮ǹ, , ӸǶȥԼһôϸĹѸľȼýǺһ, ûпЩʧȥɷŮˣûм, ôشĳӡ

ǰ, ѽзǰ, ˾񣬵ȴ
˵ҵˣ񣬻ĳ, лл㡣һλ, Ϊһ, һҵˡҰϵÿһ仨ÿһƮơΪʲôҳһᾡԼܣرһˡ
Ȼ̩̩ϵһǧ飬ѾҽϣͲҴϻ۵úöԴǵĺˮỻĻر뿴Ƭذɣ˵ľסء
ʸ񵥶ֻ֮ϼƷʱ䡣
ڵļ뻹ȽѪȣţֱץɱˣѪܵһķʯͷϡ˹߹ʯͷԾʯ
˹˵˺ܶ࣬ڷպļϣɱһ졣ںƽʱֻڵϡһ˲Щθȴƽ
ĸʱˣֻ֮ǰ
иᣬûȥˣصԼӡ
һ飬һЩһ֣ϰ֣һСľϰ
ֻǽ˵ˣû뵽һˣɴϴ֮˯ˡ
ӵأҴ뿪˹ʹܼҡ
Ѿ˯ˡ˵
˹ԼϵζͬžζζЩ֪סһҲӣʽ飬˹˺ЩʱŰǣȻ͵͵
û뵽˯ˡ
һ·ˮϴ壬ڣҧǣȻһƽõ࣬ȷԼûЩ˵ζŵ߹ȥţûлӦƿ󷿼šԲͽرŴ
¡˹š
ûлӦѾ˯ˣ˯ú޷
ûеƣĴסĹ⣬ǻ谵ġ
˹С߹ȥƿһɴʵһǣ͸͸ɴŵ˯ܹԣֻ¶ڱ棬Сλãܵ͡
ˣúϢɡ˹ţɴʺ£һС˻ȥš
ſڵ˵˯ˣСĲҪ
ͿʼˣרſճһֲסѣЩֲ׵Ǹոֹӵģصĺ϶ӥ춹ֲЧãӵеƹ㿪һֻأһ͸ƽ
Һƹ㣬Ҫƹ㵽̩ȫҪ굽ꡣ
ɳķӴȥʳΪȱҲΣյҪܾãֱ׳ɡ
ӵеҲʼһСŪ¼ԯ磬Լţ
Ϊʱ˵ţʹָͻȻϡǵţӦôǻģĸţûУҲرԭʼ
ѽһ֣ˢʱˡ
ţ˵ʲôǱӴǵԯ磬˵ûϸע
밡밡Ȼ뵽Լչװλͷһţͼ治бӴţԯ硣Ͱҳùͼԯ磬Ȼţ
֮ǾĸţͭûվͺˣȻǣűǻ֮ţˣһӣӴţţܿٵõָʾ
ԯһЩΪͼֻһ棬ҪоĹȥ㣬ĵطӦôġʵ˺ܾã˲ͬĳߴ͹죬ҵһܹӷزҸʡ硣
󿴹򻷵ţԯصĻ棬Ͳ򻷵ţűԭʼصĻ֮ûκԥֱеľԯ硣ͭԯǰǸͭ򽻸ͭˡ
ЦǰߵЧʿǺߵ屶
һĴţԯԼϡ
һƬܴأڿϣмʮءиӣȫɳķūҲǸֵصˡǶһͥϣмٻ
󲿷ֲףСֲ޻޻òΪҪƹũ͸
Щûűˣԯʽһգļ˾弸ũׯ˶
Ƚ̩ȻҲˡ̩Ĵ٣ΪǸʮˣʱѾһŲȽײˡ£ʹũҵĹԱݷˡ
ֱӴȥ
һͱʽȫע⡣Ƿ˱һľϲվ󣬾ͷɱȥһأΧǸڹţ磬ʮרעụֽ̄ѯǷʹĵá
Ĵ󳼣̩ĸ֡ʵ˼ˡ
µţӣЧԭ屶ζʲôζǿԸؿʱô˵
֪µĹסˣȻƣȴһҰҲֶεͳߡùԯ磬ͭĻǰĲӻʯͷӲһľϣҲá
ҲһŴأҲҪЧʡ
ԯţϢڿƹ㿪ǲǳµʳ֣ҲǳʯĥһͼӰΪƹ㿪ʱѾ˴ڣǵҪһ㲻ǰ
ˮϢظı̩һʯĥһԯ磬еĳߣһ㲻ߴϣҲûкңȴǱĬظı̩˵
̩˶ıܣһв֪
ڿĵԺµ˶١
Ժµ磬ǴƷó磬úãܳԵӡ֮ǰﳤòõĻεˣĺõͺ
õϢճཱུ꣬ˮ¶Ȳͣһ뵽ľǵкʢˮҲܶԵϡһжϣߴſֲʲôˮ
֮⣬ԺҲһճ߲˺ʹн⣬ٵĵζƷ
붼ǲƤԺӱϸϸ
ƻƻ𡢴ࡢ֭ˮٽˡָż磬˹ͼˡƻֵķ
࣬Ҹ͹ͷҲóԡ˹ּ¡ӡ
һ磬ƻҡĳȡӣңһ˵ӦǹľΪݮ
ĳȱȽ⣬ΪѾСӡ
˹Щȥ괺쿪ĻĹӣһ֮ĽŻ졣ЩʱĳȻῪĻͬľ󣬶֮Сӳȥĳӹһ𣬺˼
ȻһжֱתϵĻΨһȷ˹ǣĳĺܺóԣԹ
Щ綼úܲˣһ걾˵ˣû뵽Ǻúû
Ǹ˲㱻ߣԸٸһλᣬ֣Ȼһ궼û˵
˺ֲһչЩ硣ūûȨģ˴㲻õַһ
ûֲЩܴӲϷ۵ӵȽǿΪЩ߲ܺҲúܺá
ǱϾûпѧֳ㹻ķϣҲûִָܰ־ƷûС
ֵˮܶ࣬䣬ҲȣˮҲʥɽѩĺࡣô࣬úãԸࡣһߺ˹ɢһŴԺĻľԺһļǵǵĹʵ
˹˫ۺЦΪ˵ǡѾ˹ǸĿˡ
ʵкܶʺůʪֲˮԺкʵĵطҲֿȴȴˮŽж࣬е֦ӣϲˮ
ʪů˹һ̩ûĵط
֪طֻԶ˹뵽˼طΪʪȶҲ̩࣬ıԵǺܻĵط
۾һȥҲûϵԺлȥ
Ȼȥʪȵʪȵ̶ӽǻҬ档˹˵ڿʼ̶½½һֱʼʱ̶ֹͣﹺҲҵĹ֮һҪҪȥ
ͣ½Ų̶ӿʼˣ
˹š̶ӡ֣ƲסϲǱ黹ǷǳƣҪʲôƷܻкʵ͹
ɣЩϡ
Ĳϲô˹ЩɻΪңྫϣԼҲдϡ
ҡҡͷǣͼһЩǵ·࣬ҲůкܶԹƷС飬Ҳûʲôãóôҹúһ㡣
˵ˣģ߷̵ˣȽϺáҲȥطôģôġ
ּ֤ʷĸо
ΪһˣõʮС顣ǼҾװһ֣Ϸܱˣʵʮ
ûܹһˬء
·˹˵ʲôһתȥɡ
һ˿ˡ

31  31 

ϳ, ˹ڳϣ׼ŹһЩ
ϣһ·ҡҡλֵĽߡΪϵǶй, ŶҪ, ׼ĶȽ϶࣬ûг˸᲻, ƺŶûУͻŶҲ·
µĳۺ磬ñִֿӰڵ۾һ鲼, ÷ں°ڴͭͭƬһЩװμͼ, , ǳ
һ˼ųһ·ߵֵ, ߶̻·ȫ̶, ƷֱӰڵ, ּۻۡ
˹, ں档϶йﱻƽ·һ֣ɢڿ, ɢ˳, Ҳˡ
˵, й⻹ǵýһ£򴦴ףﻹš
һ˹һƬ򣬴֣ÿְ׶೤˽н׵Ҫ
Χ̶ӻڴͣʮգֽǵĻͻᲹһЩﵱصز뿪̶ͣʱ̣Ʒ಻ȷʱƾ
һЩرĻﲻƯĺɺִıʯĽϣǻֱмϵ壬ֱЩͻ
ʱЩͻµҪĳĳ֮ǰҵĳ͹µջ׵ʱ֮ҲָĴڽס
˹ҪһЩصϾͨġʽõǱȽƽϣǻԼˣŻһЩ
ҪǱȽϺʵĥ鲼ڳƷ̶ܶӶЯƥǻҲǽǮ
ܿҵһЯ˴ƥ̶ӣһ̶ӣƯµĻ̺ͲͬĲϰһأŨϡɫëɫʯͷĥӡƯľ
̶ӵ̯ӱΧͷŮٸһֻƷһֻŻ죬ּۻۡ
ﻻҲƷ׵һɫüѼǮЩǣţģֱūġ
˵һĳ඼ˣȴԼȻزūˣǵţԼͬһ֣ô˷ϰģ
˹ŮǿŵϵĲϣһ̶ӣһƬǵ⣬ǰһ̯λϾֹĲϣʮټȾɫϡ
һűȽϸܵĲϺһʮֺʵĲϡ
鲼ʲô۸񣿡
ʼۣ˹𱣻üȥĸŮŮȻñΧϱӺ촽Ҳû¶ɫɫͷ˹ǵϳ
ʵȺﻹЩαװͨ˵ġ¡ڱˡڿıҲ١
̯ӵǸݵˣƲСӣϴһöָȻЩܵİʮк
ǴӺȴĲϣôϸܶôֻкȵŮĹաŶװĴˣǶô۹⣬ֻҪʮױֻҪʮױһļ·ˣͬļ۸ɲڱ̰õõĲϡ
óۣ֪ױǶļ㵥λĬˡ
ױʮױ˹ָŲ˵
ŶһڿЦںȣҲ۸򵽡ǧ͵ǰӿĴӵܹǿİɳĮֱƤҲϺһˮеһУֻΪǰڣԶ䱦˫ǰȴΪȻ֮񶼻Ϊҿ
ͼþʵðչ´򶯾Ŀˡ
Ȼ˹ѿơ
Ȳ˵Ⱦ̩ڹҪӺɳĮ½·¾͵ܸһ㡣
˵ЩĲϣǵȷԺȣǲǳŮ֣֮෴֯ġǾ㣬֯ĲҲʮϸܣ覴á⣬ЩûȾɫԭʼ鲼ںȱصļ۸һױʮױԩͷ
˹ʱ˵ݣˮһ
˹ּۻۣױʮǸʮױͬʮ
ʲôģ֣ʹֹͣੲݣɿڴһ£ٻǲҪѼҪЯġ
һİһС˹
˹ָŴһ֪ЩĴСԲȣСͼֵϻӦˣȻ飬ʱԸ㡣
˹óһеĹ
һŽϾĹԲ飬Сһ㣬ûκȱݡȻѾ˿ףǼӷͷҲףǼ
ʱ鶼ҰģС⣬֮˹ó߰ǲС
СĹԲȵмֵ˵۾ڷŹ⡣
һʮöױ
۸еߣеԥĿԴϳ롣
˹֪ѾĶˣ˵㿴һСһɫҶǹԲ飬ֵôࡣǶͶϣʮֵҪ֪ҳġ
ãЩ߰ɡѾλΪ֮ʵϣֻŷǮĽӺ鱦
˹黻ҪװµĲϡ
̾Ϊֹ˹
˹ֵصͷȴһֱ
Ǽǰߣᵽ˿ﵭĴ󺣵ζǰһк
ϲˡϺסɱһһѵװʲôʱ־ס˹ۡ
ͬһֵ̯λͬǴ󲿷ֻǿʣгֹġΨһñȽϿǺΣȻǺͺϺһЩι״ĺƷʽ򡣱ɹɵĺзΡϲˡͱࡣ
̯λϺκܱˣͰʣµİӰԲˣͬԲĻСϺףϲ˺ͺ
ڲ֪ζ˿ôǮһѲСԣǺܲɣ
֮ѡһЩɹɵĴϺɹɵī㣬һɫ̵ĹӵĺΣһЩࡣ
ԷĴͻҲܸˣһֱæǰæذװ͵ϣһЩƯĺǺͱǡҲ˻Ϊں䱦Ǽʯͷһ򵥣ʵȻͬҪðܴա
ʱѾȫװˣûйĽֵкܶࡣ
ԼĿѾﵽ͸ôظˡ
Ȼû˵˹ȴµʵٿһΣٳߡ
ǴһڹճƬ򣬴һĶӣʮ֣£вϻʣ£ǹ֯͢Ϻòϣ⡭
ֹһȴûзʲôҪòϵ飬ɻ󲻼
Ҷ·Ц˵⼸Ҫ鷳ˣû֮ǰӶ
󡢴ңǡǸ𣿡սͰ͵ģһ߿һɫĲϣЩЩ𣿡
ԣȥɡ
Ѽ۸ߵƽĲߵŮɸģƽСҵĺӡЩ۸һЩҲֲһЩʮֺʵĥĲϸйˣɳķū
̩ôã˹һֱķ飬ֽ׼ʶ
ȻǰūһƽϣʵǲòֶԴһ¡
ü۸ĲϣǸ׽ܡ
ü۸ԸһĲϣҲоð
ֻǶ·ӿԵõõĴ˵ŷֻҪܴﵽĿģںмĹ̡
鷳еŮ˰æˣ˶һ·ɡˡյͷ
һ侲ȴЩز񣺡ࡣ

32  32 

Ҫÿ·´˵Ķʱ, ֱƽĳˮͶһʯһ£ˮˡ
ÿ˶һ𣿡
ÿ˶УЩҲУ
Ӱͨ˼ҵĹ˶ĺӰɣ
ӲµϢȥǾһһعˡǿһ, ۾Ź, ôôϡ
Ĳ̫ͶݳƷ, ǿͨƽ˼һҲһ·첹ҲֻһҵĴͳ
ǿĴУ󲿷˼ҵļͥԱһ·οūѲϹһ鲼ڵūǼٵ
ﻹõ, ôūп߲, ĵطЩƨɸɻ, ˼ūʹδÿǷ
ӱԺūǴò, ǽӲƴֵǰϡҲһ, Ĵֲ, ҲǴ˵ֵǮġ, ôĶū֪̫ˡ
֮·ûвΪֻʱūǶ·, ŮΧ鲼, Χһ鲼, ȸ˻ǲŻỻ·ֻЩ֮ǰͳŸɻˣ˯ǲŻ㡣
⣬·ҲûĸūȥһЩߵϣʲôʲôʵʲôƽûûУʲôûС
ֱ͵ĴƷҲǡзù֮Сȱ㣬һױһܸˡҲɵǮ࣬ūٵūɳֲϱسʶ顣
ôΪǻ޴İױ·Ѿʵˡ
Ů²˵Ҫ·Ժʱ򴩣͵᲻ãǺ޲ø˵̫ˣʵֲ͹ˡ
ŮҲյǵĲϣǸӸߵİײǲƶһȱ·ͻȻôõĲ£Ƿǳ;ϲ
ǻǶԼļӣ滹£ֻеԼķ䣬ŻѲóϣ̵ºͶȹӡ
õ忪ˣԺʯҲһĻǶ䣬ĳȿʼ죬ӣҲʼӣ˵¶Ѿˡ
Ǻϧ·ջǴɵģҲҪѵʱҪᴩϡ
պȣͷ¹ͶǳѺá
Ӵÿ͵ķɳķӸո˰ţһˣһóдҺúó졣ҪڳԣҲֵܷһ߽ǡ
컹һ飬ֻǲ̫ʣҿͷҲ˼һǡ
ÿһһ޲ɻʮ˸һʱ컹ûŮ𣬿ˮ̡Ҫȸ˵κСմ۷ͣȻʼŮͣ͵ġ
ǿţ⻹ʣשͷһ飬Ѿ̫ʣūǳԡ
ţ⣬ĨΣӥ춹Ͼ²˺ʹлƤϡȻһУһƤŵչ˿
²ˡкжԺժġ
שͷһҪʮҪһЩ²˺СƤִ֭࣬ԵüΪɿڣһţľ²˺У˾̾ζ
˵Щūǣǿ˾ƽҲûĴʳһǹǵרỹм۱Ȼƽϡ
һţǣһȥȵƺΰһϵŸ²ǵ֭ٵˮϱҰгɵ鶡һСУȺ˳๾ȥо˶ͷһ¾ͳˡ
ÿ˵ﶼһ׼ɻһߵһЦ֣ŶһЩ߶һ㵰۶һʵڷʱ־ɭһض׵
ҪԺҲܳԵͺˡһ᲻¿ڣ̫ˣֻҪһţ֪ͳˣûиоˡ
ҺûаĲζȺģóԻǡǰÿֻһϴˮһĶһںӤȭͷĺʯӣҪˮԣֱӿĥ
һ곤һЩ⹷ĵ֪ǳţ⣬꣬ǵ¶ôءԣҪǳԣҲٷţǹõˡҪ̰ģһᱻ𷣵ġ
һûسֻܸˣﻹһĶܶһ
ʮ꣬ҲЩӾԼŵģӵԸǵ˿ǺáūӲãɺûֵ壬ӻҪ룬ħ̡
Կԣǰȥ̫ҪɹˡһͬҪȥū˵ӿɺùˣ˸˶ֳǴκտˮȥ
Ҵûӵ¸Ӻʴȵˣ·ÿô࣬ûб룬ѵ³𣿡СǸūֻʮ꣬ȴҪһ̫¸ɻ
˶ĬˣȷӺһֱڻǮû롣
һūԥһ£ɵʣǵ²ǸôܱôණҲܱӣô
ūû˵ͱߦһԴ˫ֲŭһ࣬ŭʱϿɲѵţôʲôûȴİõܶͣ뷨̫ˣ
ҲǸūŭĿӣһζ˽ӵˣߡ
Ŭɻ׬Ǯ
ǴҶŬһЩ¶ǺãǾҪԵ¸á
ҪΪˮľûеһʱܵȱѾܵˡ
һֱԼĶȡɽյһ졣·ӿߣһҩ޹ơݣҪǣǮ졣
ҩ͵λܷ㣬ϷֲֶѧɾܳܶҩƷȱҲУԭϣһЩҩֲǻкܶûֲģҪרҪԭ϶ȱ⡣
ҩҪֻΪһֱֵλĸ
޹࣬кܶ䷽һЩȽϼ򵥵㷽ڱؾҵԭϣûԭϵ⡣ʱͲҩô򵥣üܡ
Ҳ˹һԼ䷽ԭϣרŵĽȥཱི˶רĳ˵ģΪ˷ֹ䷽й¶
Ҳһõİ취䷽ԭϣרŵ˰ơ
Ҫ׬ǮʵƷױƷֲȾɫЩȫ䷽ϸÿһ裬ɵʽѧ
׵豸ƾͻƾʹáµõ廨ͺúܺãֻǻ࣬ܳ࣬Ϳ֬õ廨Ʒ
ȻһԵõ廨еѣҪͣµרҵطֲ̿С
ı˺ܾãһֱ˯¡˯Ժʱƺţûᣬ˯
¡
Ϥۣվһˡһ˭и
˹ģ˫űӣסҪ˯
³ˣȥһ˹ɡ
ʲô

33  33 

Щ㶵ġ
˹ƿ, ¼ó·ϣִڰȥֿ֣, չһСһ
ȹϵ, ָСĹιѴ˸, ˡ
죬ʵûôȣܲ·˯ǲ·, ԼС㡣
ʱûڿֶ, 涼յġۻ, 촩ȹʱ, һš
ڿ㡣
㹦˹ѾľͷƤЬ, һֻĽ, һָֻЬ
Ľֺ, ǿܸ߳вȥĶװ侲ôˣ
ҵʦڹǱ߱˵
á
ʱ˹ԸˮѾˣҴææϴ, ߳, ɳķš, ġе⣬˵ɳķȥ߰׵ֲȥˣǰ
ɳķӿˣһЦǸĻʽЦڸ˲΢Ц˵ӣˡ
˵ɳķӴȥһ˲䣬˵һ䣺Һ˹ڣ۽Σû˿˺̩ӣӿ԰ġ
ɳķǰϣ˹ں泵
ô£ʡ
ɳķյǱߵĻƽֲʮ˳
ô£ʡ
ҲǸո֪ڸʹ̣֪ǲǶ
·ϼٱۣᶶ˹һͷһߺ˵;
ˣ§˳ûжãʼʹ̣ȻкûųжĿԣūԹʳõʳ;֮ûκ쳣ΪʳжĿԲߡ
Ǹ輧ѾסˣٸһЩţ飬ɲáµĸʹûмţ̱³ˮȥ¡ʮΣǵһ
Ȼһ˵ҽʦῴΣͷǲòɳķӵ⣬Թˡ
ӣλһ£ôġ
ǱǴٶûа취ΨһϣҲûа취Ǿͱ׼ѡ
Ŀǰ˵۵һɳķӣڹܱɳķ˳ļ̳ˣֻҵĻ¼̳λʵûʲôô
رɭϣ˹ؿŵµҡ
ӵˡΪܹܵһλﴫ
˹ɳķ֮͵ˣͷڵĵһٵһһ
ѹѹһصˣоһ޵ŮˣĲӱһͭţľ·Ѿʧȥϣֻǵо
ˣǰֻȼյټһӣžЩ¡
롣˿֮أóߵλá
ſŵĹһͷɫɢڴϣͷľˮʪˣؾ࣬ɫҲǲ԰׵ģһûƽһе˵
߻ʿеĵһ㣬κκ춯ֻҪնɱ
ŵģƺĳַ˵ʹ࣬ɫ˫ȴӥһ񣬴⡣
߹ȥڴ£˿ɫ
£Ҳҽұ֤ʲôҲԸһ𣿡ʡ˵ģȻʱҽȫһָѧҲûкõȥǰ
һ˫ӥĿЦǰ񶼲ܱ֤ʲôֻԣҪ˼Щ
ˣͼһʹٶͷ
áóСλŴľһһ߶Լһ㲻ҽѧ֪ʶһ£ɷͷҿһ¡
Էûа˿ʣͷͷܰס
õģˡʲôʱʼ۵ģ֮ǰй֢״ͻȻʹ糱ˮһһһԽԽʹ£Ҫȷһʹ׼ȷλãܡ
ʵʮϸһְڶԷĸѰλãһ߿Źɫʹʹأио𣿡
ƺһǿʹϯоһ±ֱðëЩˣֻĻʵ벻Էľʹ
֮ǰûŻº͸кмΣתͷʷ̵ˡ
ԱߵĴٻشθкŻ¡һֱڳĬع۲Ź
кʹ̺ͳ亹һʱǿǼԳθףȵʳױ죬ʳߣʳϰҲáȫȷҽ
ûйˮһΣñºһЩηֺˮ֡
ºһˮóСҩ裬ûǸ⳦θʵСҩ裬ǰ˳ԹġûҲûʲôϵҩ
ˮҩ裬ҲǼӹɫͺ˺ܶ࣬˵Ѫɫҽ˶ˣӾȻа취Ҷþϲź˸ļ
иһ϶Ҫѳһġ
Ůȴƿ
¸оΣԼľĺ룬ɻʹ̣
öˡ΢΢ɳƣӦҹƬأҼûΥԸڹֲ飬زʹڶħ֡
Ůǰϴӣһ˫ɫӱȷŶӣΰ̩̫ڵϵĺᣬұػرӦе硣ӣڵǷѾˣ
ҽѧǳĹϵǺѧϵ
ǿô壬ȴܲͣһֹ´λͬһ䣬϶Ҫˡ
˵ʳģڣֻʹ̣һֱŻ¸кˮһֱûлΣաѾһ㣬˯һעʳ嵭Ϳˡ
ûΣɫÿһЩʣͿˣոҸʹңһǧʿͷ̣Ƿħз
ΪɶҪ䲻ţֻǸӡ
תһ룬Ҳó÷ģɼϵĲ֢ҽѧĮȷЩĪ⡣
£ûгԹһЩʳñȱ**ʳʳûеˮֻߣԵʳ࣬ʳ
Щҵʹʲôϵʡ
ȻйϵģԽȥʳﲻԶԶ߳θɼޣͻԳθƻʹո
һǿ£ҲרŵҽһĲˣ֪һ㡣һֱܺãҲûʲôҪһ½ֿЩ˺θͻˡ˵ףµ彡һ棬ʳﲻһ棬ӾǱ
ƺ򣺡ӵ˼ǣڱʺʳϡôУǷᱻ
аɣһ˵ٹ̣Ǻġ
Ϊ⣬ֻô˵ڱʵʳϣȽңҲûãһʳˮͱȽ΢оɱոյҩ裬ģǿóθýȻԱ²ãܿͻᱻ⡣
̾˿һǿ
£Ϊ̩³Ϊ¡λӺ͹úñ塣벻ҪʳñʵʳʹѪˮʳҲҪûչˮҪһԳ̫ʳʳǡ֪һ㣬ϲ֪Ĳ֢Ҳ֪Ǻˡ˵ף£Ҳҽʦ
˹˵ǱʳҪָˣǿŸʮ࣬ոջԼֻԼıӣ
һ񾭽һϣŹѾǴãֱһͨҲЦģˣ²ظһǲǣ
ԼķޣûƢһ˵Ĭˡ
һֿڵϱŲӵˡһʾ⣬ʿջ˵Ů˾Ǳ˹ͷһ̱ڵϡһ£ǳʧˣܱסһСҲǲеĴҡ
ָмسŵһͷڵذϡ
Դһж޶ԣԼӵĴûκ顣
һһοһŵòȴЦŶԹ˵Ӵǲűģ˯ӡڡҲɳķ˹̫ıˣơƫʰˣȥ˯ɡ
ŵϷеĻͬ޶ãͷЩ㡣
һƯŮ͹ȥڡ
ˮ͹ԼȻһһŮ߽ȼ˱һѬ㣬ǻëӣҪܾˣһһţƤĹ⻬ϯϡ
ĶǵһҹΪԼ˯ţȻڴϣܿ˯ˡ
ڶѹ֪˶õ˹
°Ƴ͸Ϊˡ
ص˼ǣԺǸеˣҲǳΪڿֻίټֻϽɵ˰պԴĸ룬˽һ֣ʣȫġ
ƳǸԣУΪǱˮԴ㣬Ҳͱȱ𴦶ࡣƵ˼ϵƶһࡣ֮ǰиӾҪƳΪأǱ¾ܾˣû뵽͸
һһū˹˵
󣺡

34 34 

, ĺ, ǳһһ
ӱľϲлع񣺡ΪʲôҪҽ󣿡
, Ȼֱһ㣬Լ׾, ǵһΪʲôֻ˼˼˿, ûҪͽɣ
ȥȥѹңȨûȫջǱиһ, λЩۡ˹ŸͷĶ, ˵, ҹ֪˷, ЩСѾȥˡ
ӱˣеӾֻ֪Ͽɵһ, ͵ġ
֪һεˡ
ˣô˯ͻȻ뵽⡣ϸȥ˹۾, һƬѪ˿
˹Цһ£˯ȡҹҲ, ûӴôӵ£ϵ˷˯, ˹šû뵽˯ð, ˹ͷϢһû˯
, ʺλȦ⣬˵ǻȥ
˹Ҳ, ܹѾȻҲùˣš
Ͷûг, ȥл͵һȥˡ˹ط䲹ߣԼĥô˼ͻȻԶԶ߹Ӧñ񣬲ص㶫е㲻˼
ңӸǶȳǿƵҽö޻
ϲһһȽǿƶҵλܸߵһˣͼȨߵĽǶȣǹŮþơʱǣŮҾơ
ŮˤͷҲһƥǰ󶨵ġҾƣУֻ¹껹Ҫ
ѡһ䵶
˹ѹһֻ
ʵڰһʮ־䵶ҪǣһʵǸֵ
˹ѵ͸
һǶǹ챦ʯͻʯ䵶߼װǻ̴ľĵʺɫƤͲɫʯԼƽװΣǰоݻƣɫм侫·൱Ư
ȸִ죬ȫʮףгʮףơ̾ѣͻȻԼҲߡ
˹ҲδƯĵ澵ʺɫƤиʮֺÿıʯǼ侫ĻƽװΡǻĵ¹һף⻬ÿճˮһĶơ
Ҫ͸
ʣˣΪϲɣ
ܺʡѵҿһ𣿡
ѵݸ
νʻˣӢۣѵһΪµ氮˹ѻڵ䵶Լһͭһӣܲκεǿ谭һľ壬ѵͭӦϡ
ͭȻõģܵ˹ƷǿԣȻһͶϣ
Ҳһ£ϷǲѧͭϾͶϣʵȸ䵶ûǿȡ
˹Լûаۼ䵶һǡ
һѣ͸ºôӺóһѰɫĵǰһһҲȸִ죬ǶһЩȫʮףгʮףһѶ̵
ĵͬǻ̴ľȴɫƤװŷ¹ʯϸڴӾ
ѵһһһ̣һһϵеġ
ԥ͵һʲ
ôоǸˣκͲǿ˶Էȥɴһ͵Ůʽ̵
һѵɱȽмֵˡ˽Ǹ۲۵ߵ˹̾䵶֡һѵڽƱҪͷˡһԵĵһ͸µģҲǡشĵ㡣
Ϊһš̩Ů֮ϲӺһԱӱǺһŮˣվڹȨŮˣƹ̩µŮ
ûܶôˣ˹òϣرϲ֪ôĻŭš
˹͵˹Ȼ쳣ϲ
֮˵ӵľȨûȥˡӵĸǴ󽫾ŮΪ£󽫾ľӵ˱ĽѾôδ󽫾ˡ֧Ȩ֮
ɳķӺ˹ҲһЩ󽫾֮λ䵽ǵһߵĸϡ
һз׷źûйϵ㱣Ըʱ˵ȽҰ
Ȩ޷ϵ󣬹˾͸롣Ѿѧ̩ıʹţҪһ̩ӵȴӴĹԱֱӾܾˡ
ӴԱﳰЦʹŵĳ롣
ﳤд֮Ӿͺ͹ȼˡͷ͵ǼҵأǲҪ˲ͬ˴ǰ˵ˣ룬ʲôãͷ롣
̩ǽŴҲûʲôرĴ˵Աʹűܾ˺Ͳ˵⣬Ǳһᡣ
ʹлȨǱĴӣѾ²ؽעתƵϡŶһеŮ
ϱЦĶҪָ׿ٳˡ
ӷֿƽͥʯĥ֮վһֱһʮֽǵ״̬˵֮ǰеôȫˡûǸ󣬺һĴԽߡ
ֻͬ˲ͬʲôûУԷȴŶҪĽָսսźˣԷȴǳԽȼӣʲôҲϸŹά
ûг֮ǰ˺ܶ࣬ôȥסָôԼ󻯡鼮֪и޴Ըȱݣһ˲رض̲סرණлʡ
ԭ˹ܴļֵ֮رãΪʦôڵ˹Ҳ·ߡ
ѾôȥöԷԸȱݡǰͣǺôǣǼĹңһҪϿɣûôס
ﰲźһУû뵽
򵽵ôε÷磿ôε̩ȥӣ
̩
Ķ֮һ
ԭҪ֮ǰ˹ñӵǿڣһս¹˭δ֪
̩ľ̫ǿˣǻڻּģȻںϺͱӲƴ
Ȼһս̩սܣҲѹסңǿҾʹʧΪϵһ¡
ڣȻ̩ӣ
̲סߡ
ʯĥѾˣ⻹ʲô˲ĸı䣬ҪĸıסԭＸ֮ųֵĶ˹ڱϿɵĶѾֲ̩̩һ˳ƹ㡣
˳ǣȻ˳ռǵǽָóӶǳż
ӣֲõĿܡףԺˮһȴֳһƬ԰
ʺֲָ̩߲İ̩ļġ
û˼ĵ̩ҲûңΪǿĵˣվԸ⿴ġ
ҧķ޴йΪֻһ֪ܡһ˵֮ءңҲΨһĽָϧţΨһĽָȻҲǴۿ۵ġ
ڸʲôǲΪ̩ϱǲƼȺͱ˵ķֺã
ˣ̩ӣαӣ߸ϡ
ү̫ƽˣΪʲôôǿĽָһ±˽ܳΪӣһ֮֮ϣԼȴʲôûУֻһŮͣ
Ƿһ硣
˹Ķͷһ˵ǲҹûиǺñ̰ˣ
ûУǵúúõġҸո˵ĶˣŶˣϡôͰϸˣǿҪеһˮ
ϣóô˹һʣһ͸ӵƤɲ׵ĻֹӵƤðʵƤҲܺãƤôôô֭
µɻˣҶúܺãһӣҡӡĳȡ½½졣˹ľǵһĹʵϲӣȻǳӡĳӺͱصĳȫһûɬζֻ֭ˮ㣬١
˹ռЩʵӣ׼Լµũׯֲ
һӲ࣬ǸƤ֭𣬳ԽаҰˮߵʺЩˮЩƷָߣһʵʣϲӣҲǸС
֭ˮ㡣һЩǺңֳǵ
Ϸṩ̫ˣûʲôѧֳȻҲܽôóԵĹʵ⡮֡Ƕʰ
ӺӣǺܺóԣһһ𣬿˵ˮһ뵽ĵȻϡ
ϸͷܴϳģϽġһϴôɫƤǺɫȿ涼ˮһɳʱܳһϣ泩úҸ
ûгԹϵ˹󲻳ϵζӾ͹ˣ뵽һֺЩƵıˮ˵̩ҲһƤˮеʯҪһô
˹ȥңΪǵˮʮӺһϵĴСɫƤе졣ȵпһİɫĽĤмһɫȿһĹӡ
զһʯȷʵЩơ
󣺡
Ȼ⡭ϵȰɣ
Сһں⣬ˮҲ࣬еɬɬģӻ࣬һϸһƷôϵĸо
ϵȣ
˹˵ϱóԶˣóһٱ
˹ԣǹ󣺡֡
ţֺܶܶ࣬Ҫȫ˳ϣ
лҪ˵̩ʯϣڰ
ϣ(   ) ~
Ӹ
һ룬Сʹôɰ㲻Ϊٻٻ˫Ҳðҷ·


35 35 

ʹҪ뿪, һ, ǲٲμӸ, ʰ߸ɴȥҵһЩԼϲĶҵ, кܶҲĻ
ͥū˹һڽ, ˫۹۲ˡ̩˺һһ룬̩Ǳ˺, ǵó, ϢҲͨ
˹ǸҰĲ, ſֻһαװ, С֪Լѧ˽ͷġò˵Ҳȷ൱ͣ, δزܳɾ͹һİҵ
ǧҰѧ, ӹԱѧϰµľ, ó񶷵ʦѧϰ񶷡
ֻϧΪū, ǱĶ, ĵλҲ͵, ֵ֮ܶˣ޿ֵλƫƫʮ, Ƕȿ˹ҪɹλĿ΢΢
ҵУ˹ͨȾɫ޴, һӣαװͨˡһ̯ǰͣ£һʯƷ̯ӣͨʵʯͷ̳˸ֶС
˹һֻСʯǱ֣ǺңԶһҵ֣󲿷˶ʶ˹û뵽￴ҵ̵ò
׼ԱһֻǸʯ
˹㿴󡣡
˹һ˵ϤУ̧ͷȥֻһķ֮һطʵʵġ
ôȵ죬Ŷ
⣬˺Ȼתͷ˹⧲ײһ纣һԶ˹˺
ո׼𣿡Է̩ʣһЩ˼ؽʯŻȥ

ǡ˹һξԼȻŵ̩ô˵ûе˵ʲôѾתˡ
ȵȣʲô֣˹ҴҶһöͭ飬ʯ׷ȥ̫ˣͻȻӿһˣ˹һߣ̧ͷȥңﻹǸ˵Ӱ
˹֪Լôˣиһֱ˵ץסץסҪ뿪ˣ
ԼӣΪһӣǲôܳģ˹ԼӵҵոǸˣҲߣƤѩһ𪣬һ˫һɫ۾Ц񴺹һ
۾ӵı֣ǵ£۾̩Ӱ
ǸǱӣӽģ˹˼
һֻһʾαװͨ˻켣ȺĻ
ڱʹŽ̩֮ʦĸ׵˶йȥǧ򱣻ӣΪ˻˺ǵӣһ˹ӡԶڱʹţ˹΢˽
˺̩˵òкܶ˹һ۾ֱܷԷĸģָͨͲϵƤж϶ԷĽ׼λоֹжϣһܿܲ³ʲôˡ
µԷݵ˹СĻ
ҿŲͬĻֻ̯䲻һ䣺ոǸʲôԣ
ʹţΪǵôӴĹԱ˵֮ǰԷ󡣡Щ˹ͼ벻Ͳܹôأߡ
󲻸Ȥֱת˻⣺ŶոǸСͦ˼ġĸҵˣ
˹ͺĸҵˣǸʲôλʲôɫȵȡ˭ҲûаѸոǸС

˹ȴˡһΪһֻһεǣҶǡ
ǱʹŵˣûΪ̩˵ǽ첻ˣҸˡ
Ǹʹһˣһӣǵðѹ̩ӵϢ۴Сģ͹ȥ
ʹſӱʮգһֱߵ̩ı߽ߣһׯס
˹˯һС˯úܲȣ˺ܶˣģģǰȥ
ʦۣʹʦ󡭡
˹۵˹һƣ꣬ǸԼʧ֮˹ˡ
˹֪ʲô£ǵԼѾˣȴصʱξǵãʦѡսѡˡһʣཻĪ档
ʱԳҽʦѰŵ㡣Ͱ˱һ·Ϊλļ̳ˣֳΪĸַȥǿ񣬵ҲֻٵһС
ǻΪ֮һֵܣ־ʱܾһоգȴ֪ͲһͣʻŽ֮С
ʱ֪ԣ˵Ǵıˣȡ˱ˣͻᷴ
İʮ⣬ԣǶǱлɺͷһоٶܽ溬壬Ѿ˺ܶ࣬±һֱΪڱǿ
˹Ҫ֧֣ĵǻںܶɵ㣬ȶġԣվ̨ǰĵʱͬˡ
Ĺƻľյϣٺʹ󳼶֪˭ǹǶվһࡣ
˹վԶ
һƲֻ˭ߣһжˡ
ȴʮ޴յĲӷһֵȦ֪˶ĬδĵһĬ󱻰ҫ˼ն˵λԱ˼ֶ͹Ա˵˼߶ûлĻ
ӶȡģΪֻίΪ
󲢲ǺܸˣΪû˵ʲô
ˣһ˺õʱܺúܺãõ˷ִ硣˹Ǳ߻˵ģֻȻȡΪ֪󲻻ܾ
֮óĶ˱ҩЩߣȫƸŮλĽݡŮճڡ
Ϊ£ⲿģ˹Ȣա
ûʶĺþһһĴˡһֱûлرѾˣҪ뿪׷ȥĵط
һˣǧ˹̫ļֵܷ뿪ܡһβɢ֮׼ֱ뿪жߵ˹
˹ڹЩ׷߱ΪвĶ֪ںǡ
˹õһУõʳĲϣֻҪҪȡʲôҪֻҪ뿪ƫƫ˹Ψһܸġ
Ϊպòķޡ
ֻҪܺһЦ޲ðϵժ͸Ҳȴֻ
˹ܷ
ȻժϵҲٶЦˡ
֮ĳһգŰʨ뿪˹סʱȴʼߣһһ
е죬֮ǰƷˡ
ĳͷΪҡպͱ˺ӡ˹ڱջٺؽűʬҰűֱ
Ů˲յ˲ûŮ⻷ֻǸͨˣԼȲˣοˣ
ֻ˹һֱûеߣǳͷԼʧȥһС
ȥ룬ȥûá
±֣İֿʼָȡҫʹ콵񷣣ǵգȻûá
˹֪һС
֪Ժû˯ȼһлһҹ⸽ʲôûУֻɽ֪ɽһ߾̩
֪ʮǰԼ໥ʶվһˣһ·СĻñһƬ½ǡ
̩һ֣̩ܿͳǵӡ
ɫģеɫ۾ǸһЦȫȻİһʱϲúͲ׽˵֣˹
ӦҲȴģģǱĨȥˡ
˹쳣ʧ
˹ƴԼĵεΣ֪ΪʲôĻ涼ģֻкĻ䣬һɴģģС๤ߣ㣬Ҳ벻
εĨȥĺۼ˹·ߣ衣
ǵģȻǿҵһ
˹оԼļҲģһһ㱻ϴ
Ѿһ˹Ҫ˹˹޷ֹһУȻ
ؿŽʧ˵ԼֺͽţȻҲʧ
˺ԣһΣѡңʦ
˹һѹ
ҹһŮ߽һͭա
£û°ɣһǡ
˹밲οû£һյƹ˹ȴһһں񶾵Ůˡ
˹Ľë´Ӱڸ˼û£ʲôجΡ
ղĵ£ɡղ̫ڵڵƹһֱջֿ˿ڸա
˻Ůˣһرģ˹ڳ¶ԼҪȷԼرġ
˹ָץ˴װûпЦ˵ˣֲСӡ
Щʧû˵ʲôŵյȥˡ
ڰУ˹û˯ţԼؿڣ·һ顣
лҪ˵˹ҵĶʧһ顭
ƣGи
С̧һȣ±𿴣ණ


36 36 

＾, 󲿷˼ҵضǽӲӵһƬ, , ȴһӲһѩף׳, ޻Ҳˡ
׳úܺ, ȫֵ¾ȻǳúܺãǱҲӭ˴ա׵Ĳﲻߵ, һĶƽ˰ٽĲ, ϰһĶһٶļ˾Ǿˡ
׳֮Ǿֲ֪߲, ȴû뵽߲ʵʩʵõ, ѧֲӸٽ
ոʱ򣬲, Һʹ󳼶¶д, ֻҪ΢е, ֪߲ĳֶζʲô
ζǿ˿ڣ˿ھͶ, Դ, ǸǮ
ҵ廹Ҫشһ, ζŽ仯ļġ
֮ǰɳķӸҲ˺ϢǱߴֲ, ǱߵİտԹһˡ
˵أͶ֡˵ϸǹǾ, ֲ࣬Ҫ㹻ʳʳǰȫС
ΣƽϢ
̩еطһģֻҪܻȥͲ췴㹻Ǵȥʳ̩ڲôҡ
ӣллһಢҲЦɯͷȥᣬһص̩
ʳðռռûֲǲܾĶԴأʳ͸٣ѭšΪ˻ʺأעһԵʱΪǿıսϧ
ǿһΪһǿӢĹһΪЩԴԴϵӱʵĸַߣı
ǰ̩У淴
ǹڵ쵼ײ㲻̩ȶм̳ȨӺܶ࣬ÿﶼоӣͳӸֵ֧ӡ
֮ԿٽطչΪӣЦǵĹȴӿԻĵĶħȡҫ߿Ů
̩ǿһ̩⼸ʮŷչĹңƴȡֻ֣Ҫ̩̩˴Ӳ̩˱ϱߵ˻˱ߵ˲ĻѪ壬ѪͳǿܸĻͬ
˵ĳ̩࣬˲ںֻҪ֪Ϊ̩ǿŬô̩ӡ
̩֮¡ĳƺҹ·̩߳ҹ
Ҫ̩Ǿóĳ⡪һʼ;õ£ӻرΡ
ײһ໥ȫ˱˴ˡ
պ̩Ľգٰһ¡صһμ
ռȫǶ뻶ֵʱ䡣ǻԺϷʢĹϹʳȻǲμᡣ̩ſھͻᳪ̩Ůһ裬һ̨
Ϊջ֮㹻ļƷˣö֮ͳһ֮Ľգλ൱ڣҪԵõġȵõġõõġ
һҪμӣǴ֮ǰһ·ֻǲӶĻڵس˵Сʵ·ƺѾĬشܴļˡ
ʵռ룬࣬Գ̫ĺô
ҪǴĵĽյʳһ·԰ڵȻɱţūյļҪʳ֮˵ǽĹһ˳ʦҪ˳̩˳
еĩſҼҳǩĸо
úþͺܵ⣬û߳ܡ̩Ŀڴʮֳɹʮ֣ˣ̩⽾
ʱܻһЩ񣬱紫־޴ڻӦᣬԤʾѡ˹˵ø֣£Ǳħġ
ͨİգûʸĹǣǮľͰţȥ룬ûǮҪѼӶ͹ȥȻڼж̫ķ룬͵ͬڵõĴ͸
ɮЩƷʱǶ룬Ƿַƶ˵ľȼʳ
һЩƶߵ˿ľȼʳĶ졣⼸ԼʳҲˣַȥľȼҲˣÿ껹Ҫܶˡ
˹˵һҪһμ룬ϵǷԷգҪ׼ࡣһʼ⡮׼ĺ壬ֱһյĴҹķű졣
ҹѵʮָӣŶΪļ룬̺һǲġ
ƣſڶѷҰջǸʲôȻ֯ɻȦô㸱ſأ
ðɣջϰףڲƷҰοǳǾӣƷա
һҲƽշļȫŮǵȼߵ˾ǣĴٵĵҲУʽ̳ˣ˹վǰ档
һȺ˧ŮһȺôĿڴؿﶼžջƷƮ˾ջϴ裬׵ĹһջëһʱǹӾջļơ
̲ס˹
˹Цԡ£Խྻ֮幧ӭݡ⼸λӲͬġ

ԡҪôˣ
뵽ʱĹŮϴ軹߰˸˷̵״Ҫ˶һԡ
ǲ˰ɣ
ٴο˹еͰ͵ġһ˳˹ʱȴܾ£ʱ䲻ˡ
ס˯¡Ҫ˵أҪףܸ⡣ôأҪڲأҪأ
£˶°ɡֻУ˹һˣͬԣȽܽܡ˵ѧУǴãҲǺ֣԰ɣ
˹ɫֻ΢΢Ǳ¶һʵ
һź֪ӵ˹û뵽һǽǵĻᶼǳòû鲻ºϲôԹ˹Ļ쵰ǻǰĶŵĬĬˡ
¡˹ˮ£ߵǰϥ£һֻĿڣ΢΢ֿ̧Цݣɡ
š
Լ˼˵
˹֪ߣ΢Цŵͷ
ս⿪˯£˹ϾؿԼֺһƬ𿴣תȥ
弫ǰԵùڲ԰ףΪʲôأ˹ʵȻΪʵϰЩֱ׷Ըвʡ
˵ģ
ѵŮô˹ʡ
סˣٺ˹磬ֻҵİɣҵļ˾˰
˹ƹȥˣܲ˹ʾһ˹Ҳмܲסľٶ
ÿԡһΣϺܸɾֻȻĺһͿˡ֮˹һרŵİ
ĦĦһʼΪɫ״壬û뵽ĦǴֲڵĺںɫĲզһ֥ͬ
˹˵ⶫϺζŨҺȽϸߵĻɣĦ壬ȥƤ󼡷޹ȵȹЧ
ϡϡ˫ۺ˫㶼Ĩ࣬ϸİĦ֮ϴȥϹȻǳǳζ
˹̬ϵΪϴĨĲλǸо֣ͺһѧڶԴһֵǵĹɬ
޹·ԡµ˽
һպļ룬һһŽƵʻİպ͸İնڳ棬׷һ֣һֱſڡ֪ӴӣǳԱ
ӵ£ӵ£̩ӣ̩֮£
һεǱһλҪΪɢȫһ
̩˽ϵʻ鱦Ϸ׷׶ڵϣ˹СĲͼĶˣ̩˱Ҫźϸûһ󣬳ʻ
Ѿֻǹעò·ŮΪ㵹
һеĿȣΪסĹѾõϿɣպֻҪѹĴ󣬰ֻҪףҪһ뵽á
ƻõ顪̩Ҫʳʱһʳһöơһ̣վڳϣʻΧ˺ҪϿɵľ޴նע밮
еļƻԶˣܵ顣
̩ôôɵһ룬һֹסЦ
߿İգǿöӻȡһ
Ļƽһһȡͷȡ
Ϊ˿ٽɢȥԣԸذ̩
ʣµףһΪӣ͵طֲʣµĲֻҺĹ塣
֣һݳ޵Ҷԡ
̩Ψһ˿ԵԣǾûӣȫ׺޻㹻ࡣ
ԣμӼ붬ǰȥʱ˶Ӧˣּڹǲμ硣
һʱ䣬еĴǶڴµᣬ˾Ŵٺңһ
Ǿ޻
лҪ˵̩ʮ֣
շݼӸ
Ҷ۱̩ʵҲûر𲻺ãǱȽ⣬ܶĴԽ߲Ѻá
û˵ң԰ƵԸһѡˣģʽҲƴһɾͣһغϲͳ˱
ȻΪ裬ҸǱȽϲ̩ģͷǼģʽֺܸԺ˫ݵɾ͡


37 37 

޻Ǻ, ȱƽ˵
޻ֳ, ȡϸȥ, ֻһޱһ֯Ůϡ
ϻû, Ϊ޻ɲһ֪ж޻Ǻϵ, Ϊ޻άƽ׳Ӧڳޡ
ޱܿ, ޻Ĺ֮󡪡л֮ǰһɳƵ, ס˵޻ʲôߡ
õʮصĺ͵˴ٴ͹޹, ˯, վͣˡ
ǸǣҲõë̺ͺʵƤëë̺ƤëΪûнй׵Ĵ, ٴŵ㶯ζ, ˶ٴѬҲ޷ȥζ
ԭǶѾϰ, ͻȻ˯ʵůֻеֲ﷼ıӣ˾Ϊˡһ, ˵ֲһ, ܸ, ϣϱ鲼ʵĥ, Ҳסˡ
ޱ˯Σʣ𣿼ʹɹˣԺ̩˶Ҳкʵˡ޻Ҳ˵, һҪͶ֣Żһ׵ֲءȴٵôƤһǾ˵仰
Ըǣ˶ãͿƲסҪرࡣ˿Ըˮһʱе沨˼ʵԸǻ𣬰֮֮
ֿ̩ȺͰʵежˣڿʼΪǿǸࡣ
Ϊʲôĸпأ
Ϊһεռ룬ܶ涼ûм̩ˣǼﱦĲƲӡѼҪ͸ЩＯһ¶ҵĺԺ˺ܶ࣬Ϊ˲òʱ
ҡ
ҲܶճƷкܶȽĶǱ֮ΪҺƽ;һͰһͰ
ǶԸͷģһšεºܡһ߾Ϳʼͷĺö
ͲˣԼôǿĽָ̩̩ܰ˳Աů
׺޻϶Ҫƹģһǲǿĥһ»ƶˣﶼӦк򡣻ƶͺͶƷեҲܺð߲ˣǵһҪԴҸеһԴ
⣬۲쵽ֲСǴģҲǴС󣬰˵ʺֲСΪཱུ꣬Ҳر䣬ļꡣһֲСܲС̩ȻдСֵĻС
аǲһҩҩĺճõҩģоϰߺˮ̩˻Ҫġ
Ц޻ǰһƣĴٺ͹˲ưˡ
ڽϵģٵ˱Դʥ⻷Ǹжò֪Ǻá
ϵһ߸жһ߻᣺ôɵѹϱӱ˹ƭ߻ô۸ǵŬ̫ˣ֪˼ն
ǲ֪ʲôϱӵģ׵޻̵ĵţ괺Լµϡ黹ǺƫȻΪʲôأĸ׺͸׵ĸ׶ûĴ񲻾˵ĸ׺͸׵ĸ׸ãõ϶
оͷϵڸˡ
ֱӰѿķֲ֯һٶְͨ֯ҵŮһ޲ֱӸߣǻƻģֱӱΪū
ʱְҵŮԲ࣬
ֵ֯ĹʻͦߵģЩ˼˻ߣҶ᲻öʧݹūƴо֯¡
޻ҪɲȷĳߣƳţ֯һ͵¡
ҲǸ˰ӣҲ»һоˣʷй߽ţ
İӼ˫ѹ£֯Ůǣ̶̼վʹʮ־ȡϸּ͵ߡѾʼ߷֯
ָ֯Ч˹֯Ĺ죬ֻȰ·ĵףԺĥ
պһͳĿԡҪǺսʿȥԣһΪ˼ҵֵΪ֤ԼΪ·ʳ׼
ҲԻׯ˴ԵĶ飬ǵŮչʾΪϼҰޣͬʱֵܷƤë⡣
ѾȲҪҫԼϵıչʾʱչʾһַʽ˵ԵʱŮԵʱ
ҪҪȥܾˣԲ̫Ȥʱȥһ͵Ľһ˵òԶһƬأ˽бıʯ
һЩҩܣóʲôΡ
нⶾġֹѪġٹ۲λָĵȵȡ
ʥɽڵɽΪƬֹһ󲿷ֿڹһЩʹ͸ͼλӣƬɽʿѲߡ
һĽһ¶СūİˣÿĻƽм
ؽϡȱɼֲƽѾ൱ڼʮױ
ͨһҲֻٸױңȥԴͱҪ֧ûʣ¡ȴһʮ
ױĽˣƶ֪
ƽٲҲЩūġ
ɽˮžϲȴЩΧһūڳŸԽĺˮһҰ˺ĺɫס
عһҪӡҪˡŮˡˡӣһ
ǣȻСӾסкʯͷһԳԣżԵһЩҰ޴ȴҲһӪӡֻзйĶ󣬾ЩǸҵūǡ
̲סһСѪꡯļ¼ƬҲ̲סĸƬھСǡԶѲǰͬġƲϴˣһ̣һָС
˹סļҪο۾΢΢üͷ΢д𾪺ͱˡ
˹ı˴ӺζڳҪ
ʱȨ˵ūΪ׳ȥȻ£ūǲƲһ֡
һ̣˹ƺһ򣺡ΪǱ𣿡
˹ϣһʲô̩أͻȻʡ
˹ѡɳķӺȻԼαģ˵Ҫһ̩һǿ㽣ͻ΢ЦĹҡ
Ҫ̩ÿ˶ԼĹǵͶԴ㹻ջ͵Լļͥסڼ̵ķʳǶ˸ΪƶǲΪʱŬʱҲܳԱůǿ󻹲ÿ˶ܻҸĹңĹҡ
ЩľĿū㱰ūֻҪ
ҲӦȡɣԼĲƲ꣬һѼһ˵ūݽǵ湤Ӧõر
˹Ҳūǣǻ΢ūݽ棬ϡҲˣҲڹ
ܶū֮ūΪǵĸĸ͸ĸĸĸūǵ֮ūһΪƶǷǱ
˹ûоūս׼ΪҺ裨ΪԼĺᣩūı͡ǲɸĵģȴܸġ
˹²ọ̀ΪЩūûзӦ˵̬ȶԴǡļ˵£Ǳɣһ𡣡ҪһЩūݣһһЩūݣ˲ҲӦҡ
Ӽ٣ǺūǶӭһϻ̳Ͽ֡ĴӲڿֻҪÿ׼ʱϽӣʲôܡӵ˵ūǣһ½
ӴǳٳûϽĽӵ𣿡̲ס룬Ȼһ˴ס
ûиɾˮԴĸˣɳˮɾ˳Ҫġ
ֻӡÿ࣬Ũüۣ˵ҲǴģҪˮǱһϸһҲֻһ߹ޡȻһ߹ֻǸʮʹãūֻðĺˮ
һСɽЩҲסƬСɽ˹ڳһ󶴺ϴɳĺĵطġӣҲǣȥ
ǵĵ¡
˳źӵηߣΪ·;ͣߺܲ㣬Բ·ʮ
ӡ
ϴɳĺκͿȫͬΪһ΢Сٲһεˮ̶ˮ̶ˮͳͨԽĺ
Ƭ˭ϸ˵ɽҲʮԶôûȡˮΪѾڱ˵ĵؽ
Ҳġ˵ķΧǸɽȺ͸һﷶΧɽء
ʮ־ȣôΪʲôȡˮ
ҲܾȣȻʳ⣺ūǹ涨Щū͵͵ӣܵһǱӡǰܶΣᵢǹ
һҲ֪˵ʲôˣÿ˶ԼĿ
ūĹڽӣҪǵȴû˵뿪ɣˣŽ߰ɡ
Ѿһϸū𣿡Լα
Ǹ滷黹Ҫʹˮ;סʼɡ
ðɣǻȥһ£ȡˮ⡣ȻȥҪǣеūһ˵һߣ۾ϸشܡ
طô󣬾ɽأ괺ҲһЩ׺ͶӣһЩ߲Ը㡣ҪˣȦһ
ūвֻ׳˺ͺӡ˺ͺӿطԼֹʺϵġ
ȻƷĿǰūƶȣ٣ӦñԱĵµߡ
лҪ˵Ҫıһо޴ıҪһһ仯ûıһūʵūҲȥе㲻ŲˣߵĴ
СΪʱȨҲûһ¸ıԼкܶٹ̵ĶЩƣ
С֪⡣ҲھȥⰢƣȥ롮ΪʲôȻԼҲһЩı䡣
˶ǺȱһѣϣҸ~
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38 38 

ʱŴ̫, , ʱֻһ㶫Һߵ˸Ų, ŮܼҲڡ
˵ҪסЩ, ǾʹɨһӸס, ȻªĻչ˺Լˡûľ˹, ˶ڹ, û߲öš
, Ͳ֪ʲôζ, ֪ʲôζﷴȫ֪ˡлصִҲ̫ȥ˰ɣ
һľ׮, ƽ̨дɹ, ˹վһ, ܼһߡ
ˮҪһЩ߹, ڴɾˮЩˮ˺ȻҪİٺ˵ˮƤд´߹ʮ, , ˹д𣿡
˹Ϊūˮǵ, ƤմϣСİǼ˳һдĶԡ
Դͽ, ڿС컨ɵϸĸ㡣
ûע⵽ڼͿͿддÿ߹ҪһԴˮļľͰԼһˮѡŮˡʹĸŮҪʹҪһײˡͱȽСĺӺ͸Լ񡣡
׵ĴˮľͰԷֹˮ͵·ЪϢһԼƽˮͰûǼˮͰáǵ˸ɵöˮ̫û
ˣʳ
˹ʲôӿ޺𣿿Ե꣬յʱܱܺ޵ļʶ治ֻ֪ûˮשͷҪôܿһס˵ӡ
⵹ȱʶˣʵ˾סֵӣҲһ¾޺õ
ÿ޸ˮһЩǽٹ˵ķΪõʯϺһȻˮ࣬Ҫȥ޺֮ײ𻵡
˹˵˼ʺϵģһӣһʯ޵ӣһ־éݡɽȵɽʯȽ϶࣬ѡʯӣиСȱߣײ࣬ôǼ̡
ϲй˵ūͣͷĹ쿪ʼӣ˸һӣѾסһŮǵһ䡣ԣöһȦԺԼЩ
޷Ӻð졣ֻǣ췿ӣڽӾȥˣûжٽˡЩΪѵ˵
겻ˡ⣬ûȣˣ֮޷ӣͷһЩۺι޷ӣŮ˴ˮ߿ҿǲǵ׼һЩõĶ
ָĬĬӦˡ
ǵһƼ˰ǿñȽصģȻñᣬһ͵Ϲͷˡ
ͲˣԴԴϵ͵ƫƧɽȣūȻظɿǶ֪ΪԼӡ©Աܺļ̵ķӣʴȵռùʱ޽ӣǺȸɾˮɿڵʳ
ӵ£ϣԶҸһݰͰ͵С򣬾һɫƲ¶һͬݰͰ͵ͻһ֫ƤɫĶҧĴ̡һһСݣ泤һССĻɫ䣬ϵ
Сϵţȴ֪Ӧ˵ʲôֻ΢ЦϡٵͷְһСƻ
˴󲿷Ƥ涼м棬ҲУǰҲͳһ˴ҩ裬Ƥҩ
壬ǳһ½ҩõʱ
ֻܾ޽÷ӣÿ˶ܾסڰȫйӺʹǿڴϣıӺ˰ĵĴ̡
µͽһʼҪ߹޺ľͰӵչߣÿ˶׼һһСľ룬һӡ
ǿԵĶӺͲۣܳҲࡣƷҲмӣһСˡ
˹ϸһЩȻ̫ūΪģҲһġ
˹һЩҲ·Ķ˵«έֲάʹëⶫǳۣƽմųţ˯չϣƽͥر
ūӶûУѰְտΪ·Ǳӵӣ궬ùࡣ
ūǳϸɾˮÿӣΡǻҪʢһЩѾơǼԱˣϲû±޴ĥūͻظһ
˵ǱͻأǱһͻأδǰ;֪
Щɷ⼸ҲǸⰲԼѡĻ·סµ·ÿгĿɿڵʳáԶԶɽȾסǣҲδػȿūøá
ԭǹˣתֵǳԱӣҲûʲôҳϱܵĸϢһֱϵش˵Ķ
ɽȻӻǮƵʱɽ﷢һо;ɿ͵λǵϡ
󲿷˳˸̵˽Ӵ˽
׵ľû뷨ҪʲôĻôǡɵ
ӦƸĵطȴΪһЩʱԹȡūôʣǲȥʱ佨Լӡ
ͳȥĶ֪¶ٿūЩūǿΪūܾúܾáЩʳʱ˷һͶˮûмֵ
ȻҲΪôҲԼ⣬ǵͬ顣ǻ˹һȥΪʲôҪô
׷⣬һ£һһյʯͷཬ׶ߵСЩľѬǽڣСӣȥʪ
ľͷͺʵĲݶݶӵͬľͷģмªľͷӺͺʵĴͨһĸɲݣһ鴲棬ֻҪţڴ²ǱӲջҲůġ
ӾʮֹĳΣɽһǣһС䡣һҲǵķӡ֮Ǵ̣ͨÿ˸һ󷿼䣬ǼͥʽԢһͥһС䡣
ӵǹòԡңҲǼȦȦʮֻԺҿżһ㼦˵Ժ󻹻򣬻ԺܳԵ顣
ӵĺɽظ鲻Ĳ˵أѾһЩײˣǰһɣ߲˾ˡﻹҪһЩ׺ͶӣʮϡˡֳĶڼ塣
ӵǰ棬˼лһЩߺ˹һЩӡסۺΡ
ūס·ӵһ죬˭ˡֻҰɽʮֻҰϾһᡣ
ÿ˶㹻ˮӺͿ⣬п
ûȫ꣬һ붼ѬɣҲʳȻ١
ǻ赸ǾŻһѾƵˮһ·ģһ򲻺ūոȾ뵽ظС
ҲűӣԶԶվȺ档ĻԾɫĹâǵЦϡķϡ˭Ҳ뵽һб仯ɵġ
һоˮ˹ļ򣺡߰ɡ
ȹҹô˹ʡ
õʱЩĶݣûʽлһҪ
ˡʵܲɿĻ档
ūסݵһˣһҹ뿪ɽȡɽ˴·ѹҪлλɰӵʱ򣬲ŷѾ뿪ˡ
ЩӣλӺδĴһֱͨˮ˯һƶأһʣһжˣˣȴˡ
ǵҲ¶಻ᣬȻ˺ܶͬ飬ĸı仯
ϢūԷۼɽȵĹȿڣ·ǰѾ̳˭Ҳû˵·имԶǲ԰׵ģؿڡ
һĹĤԼһ߹ƬأūûܹĽ˵ƯĻַֻʽԼĸм
񣬱ɣӺڰϣ͹˼ȥϣ͹ϵˣȻԦſյĳعڰ
ūϣò޽ƽҲòţ룬ǸмԸౡ֮֮߾
̳֮ϡ
δչֳʲô˲񼣡
лҪ˵ƣɿ黭棬ñ磬ܲίʱԼе̾
컹Ƿֿ¡
Ǿ÷ֿºûǵºã䣬ǧϡ


39 39 

ɽȻص, ŷּſڵĵ·ʮװ˻˶סˡɳķӵѾ˺ܾ, ճ֮ǰѾˡյӻϢ, Ϊ֪ȷлʱ䣬Դʱȵ, Ҳûò͡
ɳķӵȱԼĹϲ֮, ȻתӵĸлһһΪ·ŲµЩ
һɳķ, һЩصҩ, һЩ޵ƤѾƺ, ʮƤ˵ҩܺ, ׺ĸ׵ĵҲܺãһ˴óǰ, л, ֻԸסһҹ̸
֪˵, õʱǸİⰡΰİ޽ɣֻΪֵģȴһ˵ЩĻΪӵ¾ȻƤתЩ
Ȼͬĸֵܵ, Եʱ͵Ϯ, ȥһȵĵùӡҩס, ʧȥȴӴ˱ɲмˡ
תĻϾΧֿĸм⣬űȾʹñǿһЩ͹лһɹɵĺƷ, Ϊ˵ϲƷ⻹һʮصֳ˱ţͼѼĲԶ
ֶ֤һӡʾһ
̩۹ĵһ, ҲӺӵ衣
ʿĻƽΡơϡࡢ󣬵Ҫȴ͹ĵʦʦ÷졢ľʯаٶˣЩЩǷ޼ͥϣ˵һҵĹ͢ˣū֮
ӵ裬ֹȻ֪ý˶ôѵõԵطпţ
ȵȣζҪ׼һЩ䣿
ƺ˼ָϽһ䣬Щ˾סڿ︽һ˴壬ǲʵҰˣҳܳԵ⣬ñһƽ񶼺á֪ĽǵӣҪٸ˼
һ˵һСĵز֮ǰӵǧ˵ӴΪƣǱūҲĿ̼һҪ˵ˡ
ѲɵǮѾ˾֪ˣ
˰˵ȴû˵βŻعҪ¶˴Ӳֿһ̳۾ơϷ䷽Ķơǹ˺ˬƣϷۡζϡĳ֦ҶºٹˣⴢľͰ
ϷΪ־ƾǿ׳յĹЧȹһ㣬֦Ĳľӵϸ˷ζһǡô֭ζʡ
⣬»һͿŵĽʯװһƥﴩĵĴʶУλСɵĸС׺ɫЩˣϡ
£ǣ
ǻλӺµġǸԼԶԶԽҩﱾļֵҪ
˿ɫֵڴ˵ȺͻðɣҪҪ³˷ߣ
֪ԼӦ̸ǣȴϵĹĸжһƬӺиλȫһǽġ
ԶͰһ뵽ȴظļλǵ̩壬ҧҧӲĳܾˡ
λӼҴҴſճ񣬾ĵһֱߵߵǶǹ͵һľ
ʱ䣬պòʱ䡣
ҲѵãλӺ͹һ
һһݼְĻתһ飬˵һֲ
λʮֿӾȻһλ˵ı鶼Щ֡Щһڳ˵ı͸ˡ
һ򲻼ٴɫĵһ¾ȻЦˣԼŮ֣һҫ۵һ߶һźĹ
һֱˬֿ˰һβôص䵶һ˶
ȻŮĴ˵ƬϣȴһΡ
棬ദ֪Ĵεΰ󣬶֮ǰƶӴ֣෽Ĺߣ̬ǫͿףʢʹȱʥɽһ㴿޹
͵һ֮ǰһЩǺͷȨ֮ſĵСȫż񣬼ֱȺϵļ˾һϲλЩ¶ӡ
˵ŮѾκһƬʮʮ׺Щɫߵ㣬ɫƶǶôˡЩƵĻƽƷ˾ϸ£ʯĥƽ࣬һֳԽʱС
ܵѾʱõķɫһõĲϻǵϣȫܴתơҲлƽʯȴһĶҲУǼĲࡣ
Ȼ˿ĹĹĲࡣ
һ̴޴ȦһһԽָͶ׹
ôʹ
ȴϵСˣǰ䵶һĲʰһ
ĹʵȴʮּӲҺԡ뵽Լǰһ˻Դޱȵ䵶СҲһˡ
һЩڣֵӶ֮࣬ǰΪʲôһһЩȻ󷽵ˣôһҲߡһЩءūȡĵߣûۡ
λʮֳ谮ҿصļ̳ˣ˵ֱˡ
λӶС֣˱˵Ĵڡ
££λӵ¡ӵ»͸µģⲣ͸λӵµġʹ˰һƥӺƱ
һ¸ոջάֵģ̱չʵĲɫӴˡ
ʮ޵ɫӣﴩĵͼַʮϸ档ԶԶţֱǰǻ⻪һ㡣̾һ彫ĳĳӡĳĳϵĴ˵
һŮδ־ȥôĲϣô죿
Ȳ˵˿ĶδǶڲϵĹ֪ӵĶ֯ĸߺܳӾ羵һ⻬˳ȼãҲ׹˿Ҳ˵ɶ칤巨ôǣ˵չֳɫʾ㹻һŮ
Ůˣݳ޵úͻƽȼ۵ȾȾɫҲȾɫֻлŵȸëϲſֵܳɫǲļ֪ɫʡ
λӸǶԼõĸ߽ŵıʯ͸Ʊ֡
̩вģøɳʯԭʼ˰͸ʣûͨ͸ȺɫݲƷݳ޵Ӷֻһײþߡ
û
ģ͸ɫӵ۾ޣǲżɫ˵ǲʵӽǸеıʯǱʯҪ͸ȺʹСҲһ
ĶɣЩɺ;ơȥ޶ǵӣѾ˼ôִ󷽵ﻻˡȡƷû뵽һӵϲԡ
ʲôأһʢʯɽȣһʯεο
ǹ;ҲһһΪӵûЩΣգ̬ȻȡƷ
û˺͸ᣬһʮݳ޵ζҲӻζķۺˮͻȻǰһ۵ĹҬȣζȴȫһŨҬλӶ̲סȡ˼ųᰮʳĵһ
ȻһֱƳҰǣʵϣ˹ѡˮġЩ̩صˮɸŴ
´һӣͰˣɣҵľƿԲһЩ
⻰˵ͺˣΪƿ⴫ζֱ䶼ѾȫȻͬϲ̩֮˶ԣֱһ޷ܵջ
СĹһ۾ˣʮֲԤС
Ȼ·һֱѭź޳ԭĹ¶һŸɾݣҵһʣµĶھƿ
͸ӵģ̩̩˵̩һжӵһҲôЩҲģ߼İá
һ롣һ׼˶Ρ
Ѿˣҵ
һ۾û
˭ƹܾƿԿףΰĹ¡
ŵ˲ȥһ롣
λӵƤûйҲĺϧغһơ
нԸԸ⣬޸ôѾʮˣǼ˵ĺʱ򡣡ƷζűƣĹ˩סӵİ취
ԸıǿĴڣȡķʽ˵ģ˵һŮԷҪҲܺԥͳȥȻӿҪ̩סˣǸӱգ
һԡѵú͹ɹʶ
̩һԷ޶һۣһоڲС
лҪ˵СлҸͬС

40 40 

֪ԼѾ˱Ůѡ, ջؼҵյһݾ޴ϲһƥ޲Ѿ֯ˡ
͵ƽƲ, Ϊߴϸ, ֯Ůʮϸ֯õ޲ƽʵ, 鲼ָи, ҲʺΪﶬ
һƥ޲˹·ɡ޲չ˹ļ, ƥ޲Ĵ׹Ҳܺ, ӻܺÿ, ޲Ҳ鲼׾һЩ, ĵ˹ɫ
Ϊһ츳̳ˣ˹Ӧø󣬵һƥ޲ر, ӦԼ, ͸ô˵Ҫѵһƥ·, аϲ޷ܾ
Ų±Ȼʲôʽÿ
˹վչ˫, ǱȻ, ѾΰԼʦһåĹ, ˵΢覴úأ˵ԼֻǷúأ
ʵ˹, ֲɵ𣬵ڶվ޲¯ˣֱӰѲ֮ǰõļʮޱ͵, ͬȥĻѡ
޻ϳã԰޻̩ȭͷƷ֮һ޲ܹ̭һʼռλ鲼Ϊӵ鲼ûеơ޻ıůǿ󣬿ӺͶ£ǡܼٶ¶½ʡ
֮ţͼѼ죬֮⻹кܶҺݵΪϲ㣬ǰҪɱһϵѬ⣬ΪĲ䡣
һҺִַܲͬΪɽҺţңպ
ݵóһ̵֣ɻ
Ҫ׼Ķ٣ȥ궬˼ʮѬĲʹܣͷɡ
߲˻ûеģ
ײˡԺӳ˾޴Ĳ԰ӣ˴ײ˻аܲˡˡݫĵҲ߲ܳˡ
֮ǰջһЩ߲ˣ̲ˡˡݲ˺Ͳ˸ɡ
׼١ʺʯ񣬸١ʺʯǱؾеˮǴŵõԱܾãҲܻȡһάأάѷѪ
֮Ȼɱ֮һűϰѬ⣬ְԼϲ⣬һ֣Ҫ㳦һȥȣκϡ
֮ԼһЩе֣˵Ǻϲ
˹ϲ̫Ѭִ࣬ƵͺϲѾţζġ⣬ѾţĿζܲ
зʺİͣͣ֬һΣͬԱܾáһЩ֬λǲԵģ˵ʲôʱռ㹻ľңû֪ʲôûֳЩ͵İɫĩȻСմ򣩡
µĳ»в٣㳦ˡ
һı˻ȡʵ㣬һۻ㣬ﶹӻ㡣һϵģС㲻ա
ǿ˵ճʳ֮һ㲢ñ棬Ĩ㣬ǶԿƽ˵ҲǱġ˵㻻һĥõĴۻɹɵĶӣ˶Ķˡ
ȥƹһգֳ֣һЩվڴϣһЩվڰϣΧŻĹ£һ㣬һ׼ʳĿչӡ
磬ӵôûƣһǿ׳Ů˫һͰ㣬һץһЦӵˣԸ
ô
˵ϵ˾ЦҲΪ⣺ЦʲôңٿᡢƯӺãҲûˣܲô
ǸˣԹЦܲܣ䲻áұƯĹǿһԣŮأҲ͸Ц
ľȰҲԶʱ˵ڼǸϲСӣҪܰѹ޸һ˲źá
ȤЦµҲðϲһ˯һֱϲһֱ˯
ֵģԼ֣ر𲻺˼ƫ˹ϸһһ˵ǵµȷǳúÿϲġǻ֪ЦǺһ֪ˣ϶Ҫϲ
Ȼ˹һ˵⻰ǾöԷǵЦ̲֡סʣҲϲ
ҵȻϲġ˹˵档
ʱ˰Ѹߣ찮ȥ²ϲ͵ĳ̶ȣҲһҲϲ㡣
˹ЦüۣϹ̳ۡ
ǻ֪㿴һ΢ЦʱȫǸˣˡҲ֪㺰һ˵֣ģСԡ˹΢ЦţãǶ֪
ǼգǱ߾СУǻߵ㣬ȻѸͷСȥеȴԼҳԣۺͶӡ
ֻҪǧ㣬ͳա
껹𣿡ڴЩѾûٴˡ
У˵ġ
´ȥĴۺ͸ɶӣǧıغ㣬޳Ǻ࣬ʣҲһǧ⡣
飬һĵ
塢ϸۣټϵʱջζϣȥȵ֭࣬볦£㳦
Լң֥ʿ㳦
ִԵ㳦϶̫һζһܺãϸۡ
ܵ⡢ۡһֲͬζ㳦㳦֮ǰǼѾƵĸĳθȳζҹζǰ涼Ҫӻȳһ
յʳ׼ʱѾСֲˡʵϣռ󣬶СͿʼֲϷֲĶǶСǰסĴֲ
붬ǰӣӵ˾⣬Ȼǲ⣬հ졣
һ붼ʣһ괺ֲ޻ˡ
ٰ붬ǰĳһ죬Ѿʼú䣬ҶݻһƬҵԵġĹ崩ëķΣƽҲƵţǿʼ׼ѶҪõĲʳ
ǰһͿʼ׼¡ʶһ¿ȨǣȻѾʶһ¸ûʲô˳㻹ܷչһ¿ͻȺ塣
ǵģû׼ˡ
׼ȿ󣬾ͰһЩҩŵʶԼеִ֮òˣÿԴ
µغܶ࣬һе˰֧Ȼá
еѾ˰ת˱˹ĺܶࡣû˼ȫա
šȡ֮֮񡯵뷨һͻȥļƶ񣬰Ѵ·һޣʯӣߡڼṩ㹻ͣͷ㹻ʳΪǮ
ƶı׼ʮյ˻ÿԶȹյʳ
һַ֣ûͶƶ
Ǹе˾ලһ¡
ȻҪ븻·ķӦǶԵġΪƶṩһ㹤ᣬȡʳҲܰ˳ȹʱ
һ׹ȥΪ괺ӡΪϵˣǸһܴĸغĶһ־صĲ
ҪԭֶӵֲףľöӻףΪӡ
ջײ٣ȴһ֣ʣµٻܳϼ¡
һЩջ״Ƥ浽طΪ¶޷ܾãһ»СһЩ׶Ѿɹˣĥ׷ۡ
ջ׸ѴţϣоҲˣǷŵͳ﷢ͳɷϡ
ҲΪӷۣϸ´ĥĳ̶ȷΪȼ˵磬Ҳܹףһϰ߳۲١
׼͵ĵȻĥϸۡ
֮ǰܶջĹӣԷһʱľͷţƻӣҿƣӿӸɣݮʣİݮѾ˵ˡ
ʯ񡢸١ʡ޻ǱĴˮ޻ɹɵģǻ֪αʵʯ񡢸ٺʳ£߹޴ģеݴġѾ˺ܶ࣬жľƾơ
̩˰ȾƣҲ׼˾ƣ˴ͳѾơơʯƣ߻ƻơ̾ơ۾ơ
׼һգͥԺʰʮָɾߵ·ƽʯͷֲ̹ĹбеıعϵĹʵժòˣֻһ
µĲѾãպ߲˾ָЩˡ
Ķʪʪ
졣Ұҹ²󡣰󻹳ߣ͵ȼ˻¯
̫ûе䡣վԺŽδɫԺﾲĵģǿѾһʳ
¡ܼһ·СʳɾĲ;ߡ֬桢Ѭ㡢ë̺Ѿ׼áΪһ׼ãǼ߻ǱģѺܶʺ;
ţˡ
ǡ
лҪ˵Сϲ¡
ƣҲϲ㡣


41 41 

˹ѯŮ÷
˹˾ڸڡ÷ش
õҪϢ, ׼ȥ, ͻȻ뵽ʲô÷úϢ, Ҫȥˮ⼸ð׼һЩ衣̩ϷҬ, ɹ͵, һڵŮҪʳİο
÷һº, ͵Ӧ, ¡
Ҳ, ӸϽˡ
ȥ˹ķ, ȻǾסڸڣһֱ˹
ķվ󳣿, ˹šһ, رԾÿ, һ߹񣺡ӵ½հ
հ˵ͷš
, ֱӽȥһһ, ־Ͱƿˡ
˭洫˹
ҡ
žƿͲĦ, Ѿ߽˹Ƥֽë, Щ⻹ЩϲŲȱƽմһЩ¡
ᣬ㲻һ׼ôƽոʲô˹, ָ鷳ҲܵõͻȻûָò̫Ӧ
ˣ뿴Ҳңһֱúܺá
ô᣿ǰˡ
ԹԵʵ˹ֲֻܴӦӵݵһξٰᣬΨһľˣ˹ԴԸܷȥӵȨԡ
Ӿӣ˭Ŀܡ
£ΨһˣֻңҲҵġ˹֣Լϣһ˫ɫ۾˾ΪڣΪ˷
󣺡
˵ͺú˵ҪֶţҪ˺١
ǺͿһȥòãҪҡ
һֱúܺáһòãԼ͵͵ˣ󲻾ͺˣ˹롣
û뵽ˣԼκֳˡѾĬĬ̾һ
˵һʼ׼ɵ·ߣߵʵڹô޵ߵعȥδĳΪһɵɣ
һɵǺǵĵҶӣԼԼһ£ȫ޷ֱǸ档˦˦ͷ˦Ǹ棬¥Ŵ͵Ĵȥ
ǰдϰٿ˵Ĺģа˸޴ʯ֧ţʯʯ֮дصʣ͸ʽռѿ͵裬ȴֻģģӰӡ
ƽʯʵ棬һʯ϶ɡмĵԸһЩ輧˵ĵطıѾϯë̺һĴ忿
ϸѯְϵỹǲϯضķʽŮʢʳİҪһžƱĴ߶˵ƵŮ̩̫ϲⱭ֮ˡ
Ϸһƽ̨ͨˣһλǹ͵һλλи߽ͭ¯һֻǣ̾ʹð
¯Ǳ͵ȼ޹ȴġ
ȥ˳Ĳ˵׿߷ţţȻδô׼ȷţסըšС͵⡢׸⡢߲˼ɳһйأʳʳ罪ײ֮ĵҲС
ʵЩò˶٣õöࡣҪĿ⽴ͺںй
ɫɢɢϺͽ֭Ͳ˵ˡֳɵûô࣬ܶ˱õġ
Ҳʱᵽϼ۱ȻƽǸʲô
ƹôա
ûӣƲ࣬ʮͰµѾׯ԰ʮͰѾƣ¹ˣ϶ƺٹˣڻʮͰʯƻʮͰƻơӣҾƺ۾٣ֻͰ
ͷûҪ󣬾ѾơʯƹŮʿп𣬾˵ŮʿרǺ̲͹̲֭һ
̫ůڵԺȾɽɫ
ǰվһļ顣
ͷҲ·߹ͷȴµָ֮ǰҪǻǴž·ѾɨãֻҪʳ㻻¡
ūǵ·ʽй涨ģû򣬲ūǲܴлװεñӣʹýĹؽΡεؾ͸١
еǶ촩һֱ᲻ô£ΧƯŮǻͷ˷ۺϺɫɫĸҰǶˮ濴ֿƣֱô
ϵϯĹĵͻῪʼ½½ˣ̫ɽ֮ǰͻϲˡ
˹ģ磬Ƚʢͨһһϣǻޣһĵڶͻ뿪ǺͼȽϺãסҲԶ˵ʮһµġ
һĿ˶ǱˣһϾͻȥ
ˣͬ׼Ļзõķ䣬ѾɨɾͬϴµĺʵޱڷС͵Ѭ㡣໪˵֤ʡ
˶֪ʲôˣһԴŬԼã
ӵµ
תͷԶ˹վһʯһ࣬
˹ϴµ޲ӣñһֲȾ˵ɫɫͷɢЩڷڲݵĴʦ̵ĵ
Ѱ̩Ӳһ˹°ȴǹģһֱߣ񴩹ȥˣڰײϡ
˹ѾҵȻԶԶĿϵϸ΢飬˹ȷһѯԼú
ܺãرá
˹Ǳ֣ȳһĴָĴָ䡣
ĳֻǶСźšһʱյźţǾͿʼϹ
Һܸӣ̫бʱһܼܳ⣬һһӵųɳֻңڵķ⽨ūǻûй涨бжʢųҲûôء
ֵĹٶֱոΪ̳ߵıرʿ֮һҲûʲôӲΣǽ֮µĴͳˣж˳ѴĻǾһֳۣѲ߶ӣһſڣʣµǡǡһԺ
һΰݷ˶ЯͷĹҲʵûиЩʵĶĶʵʵʳ󡢲ƥȫҲʱʹõġ
Ϊٰᣬĵһʳ󣬿һԭõĲˣһ
ûдҪһġ֮ҵĽ¼ûһο
ĵһ͵»ŵкˡٻǾŸ߸ĵӣ⻹̩ŵļλȨسҲŷ˺һӡ
Щȫˡ
ΪǰȴӭӣΪӵĹ⻷֣ҲҪйֻҪһЦƺԷͦġ
Ǽ汸ȨȨĴڣű˽ӴĴͳַסͬһ鱦չʾ̨Ĺֵ֣һĴһֱߵ͵һ棬ʾԼǵ𾴺ӡ
ؽͿʯѣҾͰѾƷΪչʾһֲƸڣ޲ðԼƯװϡ˵̩кһЩ⼸ʮǿ㣬ѡƷҲʼ󾫲ࡣ
һȺһͷϡֱϡϡָϡϡϡϣıʯģһû٣еʮص͵
ֻһƤ̺ͦһ飬ʹŵһ¡̵ŮǺ¡
Լλã˹ɫؼһڻ㶵ӹֱռֱλá
˾̫λøոպãǷߣѡپðռܵĵط
ϯλۼ˱ټʦӺӾĶ棬ǵӹһȻܵһ̳Ȩݱ˶Ҫ͡
̩ϵࡢ󽫾˰˱Ŀλ
˶Ѿ֣ʾſڵգϯʽʼ
лҪ˵ƣţ򣬿ţô
Сɫռݼλúܺã

42 42 

һȺ輧߽, źͷ輧ĸ質ͻṳ̂ǳ, ¶ԲļһСӵͻԲĴ, ⲻů͵ļչʾ֫
һִȻС
һʼ̫«й, ȴûͦÿ, Ƕô¡˵Ůеÿ
Ѿȼ, Ʈ˷˾, ʢĵɽ, һ۵ζ
ǿı, һ͸衣ǿϷһͷɫ̿Ƥ׵÷·ڷ, 촽񻨰һ, òеʧɫ
Լòߵ׷̩ϲĳ, Ǹϲ׷λӡ
ɳķĥǶʯĽָͷſԲ˵
ѾЩûм, һμ, մȾ˳Ϣ, Եøʻˡ֪ûнԸأ
кӣŮ, ̩δĵһɳķѾʼڵĶӴˡ
̩ĵһС̩ŮĳƺȨܷĵһȨйԸĸӳΪһӵĺȻǵһ
к, ǳغ;ӣȢ
£ͷסˡ˹һͷΪ˿·ϵװﹴסˣϵת˹СһЩ
š˹ŵͷ⿪ͷ̲סߵͷ
˹ָ˿һ˳ͷﻬУƤûһץס˹֣࣬
ѹõ͵͵ģƺŵı
˹ͷҪˡ
ɳķӾžƱ۾滥յ˹һǾ
ر𲻷ķı磺ʲôҾͶ࿴ۣô͸Ůһ
ҪǺϵɳķ˹Ķռͱٺ͹ĸǺúÿչ֮ʵȴͷĶǵĵӺӡ
˹һ㲻ɳķӵߡ˵ɳķӱԣһ¶û˹
ɳķıϺü̳ˣֻɫһ̫Լ˴̲СˣʱεػﶼҪһˣͶȥѰһ
ҺãɳķȻɫ׷ֵأ˹ǲҶʧٶ˹Ҳֻᡣ
˹Ǵģϲɳķӿ
ɳķӼ˹ĵ⣬ʵ˺ޣŵܵʮȻغͶк˵ӹ״ҲǰʾԼĸлллᡣ
λ뷨ǣ˿̶ȡһ
̩ᣬò͵ʱʱҶȥ̶һλϡ˶࣬˾ƱվͿһһ
˵䣬ǶС룬ŮͰһװʳϺʵˮ
̩ϰףʳһģҲǰʳһˡ
ʳʳϵȵȣСӣС״Ǵδʳֻ֪Щʮ־ϸζһζֱͬϣμˡ
һ˳˼Ĺ̲ס˻˶۾ֱðʳ
һһ
յյɫζн
ƯͣɫỊ̇߸ߵ͵ʹССµذСϣƮɢŸԲͬζʳƣǰһжģˣ輧İ裬ͨͨʧڸ֪磬ֻǰʳĶĿġ
ÿ϶ʵĲӺףӷִСҲӣһѾкõţţմһմСĺں
еñţ⣬Σ̼ƽ࣬м仹۵ķۺɫմһں㣬н
ѧţţȻһʼϰòӣţųԵͳװ㲻Դ档
ʳζʴŸй٣ҵĴѾǼͣȴëֵʱ䶼̲ˣҲ˼к͸ȡ˿еʳ̳
ǿɿڵʳһӴ⣬ԵҸļ䣬ͻȻľһָпǶôҸһ°
ƽվʳõţڽζµĸ߶ȣСеըҲܵģִ۵ĿڸǸ޴ϲը⿷ʽûֵ
һһԾϲˣϲòӲżմɫĹԡϲţţŨǿҵͽʵжǳ⡣
űϻжεĿס㳦Ϳ㳦ʳ˵ûб̵˸˵ġ
ϵζЩԵǿһЩѣֳмССӣ󳼼Ҳ˺
Щߵ̴Ӵ
͵˼ţ̣ϵĲͬ⿷Ĳͬ˴СС⡢̻ư׸⣬ÿֻһСһһС
Ա߻иСӣÿһݵ
ݮ͵⡣۲ִϸ壬Ǽ뼦ţ̷ͺÿĿڸܣ˿ͺдݮ㲻ôʳ˶޷ܡ
ǹȻԾܾ۵ջǳԵ϶ǣָͷմϵͺ͹Ļ򡣵ǵĸĸûʱԼĺӣԼϸѡʳʳ￴ܶ࣬ÿһζȻθȴޡ
Ǹ۵ĸ
ųţţԱ˹СָһִըιһңԳԵĻҪá
˰飬ȻҪãҧȥʱζҺͼһŷеֺ̣óԡ
˹ʣ°ԵԼ
̬Ȼ˵ԼԹģˣҲû˵һţŵ˹ߣһ˵ҳԵʱûӡ
˹һûн⣬촽Ҳ⡣
ţźͼţԲԲźʵңСܲţ⣬Ѿгɾȵ飬һ˿ûھѾʮ־ϲ
Լһַ˹һ
ٴŨɿڵֱƮƮȻҪɵȥ
ţζ˹ϰԼһ
˹һ˺ܾã˾ڲϷʳԼ˹һҲֻ֣ҪӲһͲ֣ζɣǰաһһĢ
˵Լһ
ںʲôҲԡɳķӾžƱһߡ
˹ֱʾŮɳķ˵Ҫȥ˹
Ůȥɳķӵİ϶
ףرƽˡ
״ɳķҲԼŮȥ˹ȡܳӵӳʲôأ
һһ
һδһδ٣ɵĺӣֱûۿһʯһһʯ𡣡
ʱϢģԼһʯųԡʯͷСܶ࣬ĤҲʵʯӾӨ͸籦ʯһ
ԼҲһȻԳྐྵӵȤָմȾʯ֭úġ
׼һֲƽȥ˶ӵءɳķС˵ٿһЩµأֲ޻Ϊӵ磬Ѻͷصٶȼӿ첻١ܶ˼ﶼ㹻лл㡣
ɳķһʱ򣬱˵ĺйҼ̳˵ķ
ǸӦøлº͸λ¡Ǵʳ⣬ƹ㣬Ҿһָ߲Ҳûáǫ
һָ߲
ʧЦɳķ£ֻ˵硣ȷЩӣ߲˺ˮ
ӵԼĿǣ̩˵ҪȽʳ⣬ȻǶ⣬Ǹζʳ˹Բȫǡӵһֱ̩ҸĿǰĽ
ɳķӾƱ̩ӡ
лҪ˵ɳķ׼Ұɡ
Сǡ
յһݾϲ@polarfoxֻͼлл()"

43 43 

һ˵Цʱ, Ҳ˵˽ҫ²޻ĺʵ¡
˵ӵֲ, ĹӾϵİһ, Ĳϣ·ȡůǺͻƽһ
õֲ, , 鲼Ӵ, ɳһ󣺡ӵ, ˵һƵ
ƣ
һˣλ˵޻ɣ׼ñº͸λٸ, Ǻ, ƹȥͻƽһ֪ǷȤ, ﻹЩʣӡ
УУ
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ô, ˼óŮ, ͸¸صĴǣһ޻ĺôȥ
˳ְѱù, һԲεıһ˵ߣץһŵ޻޻, 
޻£֪Ĳж٣̩ʺ飬Ժܶʱڣָߵϡֻ̩ëȥȡĹҵ۲ϡ
СҲǿų鲼
޻Ķİٶɱصļλ
ôࣿϲ£Ҫ֣
ڱһ䣬׷֡
û뵽Ҷ޻̬ôУ˼룬˵޻ø֣̫ࡣͻƽһҪͶ֡ңϣܱ֤޻֣ҲҪ
ռ̫ء
ΪʶµҪԣһС¡
ģ
׹ҲޣʺʳҹҲޣʺޡ׹ҹѾãһ⣬ñʳҹ޻
ҹû룬һ޻˵õʳԼֲĶ࣬ƴ޻꣬ҹ߲ض޻ʳͿ޻ȡ
һ꣬׹޻ˣҹò㹻ʳڼģң׾ٱ׹ơ
ѹ˾ʹǣ޻ãľãʳǵһλԶҪѹĿȻҲˣ̩ʱûʳһϵ⣬ȱķᡣ
ӵ£ллĿʴȣǻ۾ҹ·ϵĵյ̩Ǵ˷緫վ˫ֺǰϹ
С¿˵޻ʳʵŸԶ壬ǣػҪΪʧԼ˵ǸԢֵС£ʱ֮ԡ
æˡ
֮󣬺ܶžƱƣࡣصѾƶͣ˺죬ͱԭʼİ汾ƾߣʮȥЩˡ
ߵֵҹĴͳ׼ֻ൱ĲӣеƣδҹʱѾЩסˣпһ˯ͷҵڵϡ
˹Сķס˫Щˮε۾һ¾ˡܻԽ׵͸֣һַֻ͵ϣ˵£úܺãȥϢˡ
󿴵˹ǼϤζЩ׽
ؿһЩģ
ġ˹ЦᣬǱ
ɳķ׼뿪ᣬڿҪߣҲҲˣһ𣿡
ӵ¡ɳķһĻЩߵؿһʮ꣬ɳķʮȴвͬ۾ǳ
áȷˣ˵һӣȻ˳˱Ǹ⣬Ȼ˹һֵ߳ķ䡣һֱĪλӵ̴ӼӿŲ׷ȥȵĸڼ֮ľ
µźüһߣ·ֺ͹⻪Ҳ˼֣Ҳûʲôˡ
Ҫ˼ȣ󴩵ö࣬һ粻£֮ǰԪܻûȫãһžʹ˸磬Ȼͨʮεؿˡ
˹ҪԸȥȡһ磬ȴѾϰɫë磬ϡ
һºøůϵ¶Ⱥů㡣
һԵɳķüҲҪ磬ȴסˣҲġ
ȥɳķ֣㿴ůͲůͣ
ֺůҲɳķʮ˫ַԼϵĸоϧǶݵģ˫ֺܿ˻ȥͽĴоþòɢ
Ǵλȥ׼õķ䡣˹Ů˵Լ֣ȴӵ»ȥϢλԱ㡣
ԭصӶһۣһξеᡣ
Ī򣬽ô÷ڣ˹ԼĶֳһϡѾеԺˡ
Ī񣺡˹ˣӵð÷⼸Ϣ
ϢΪʲô
˹Щɻ󣬰÷һòʲôˣ
ĪԼӣ÷СˮΣӵϢԽ˵ĪԽ죬ӵŮԵ˽Сⶼ˲˼
˹˶ӣʱֱ˾ɫ䣬ֻǷԸĪȥˮȥů¯̿Լǰ뱧˴
ĪܿˮҲů¯šë׼Լȥ˹һֺֻչҪĪë
תӲϲ˿š˵
ǰ÷طԸ׼ˮͻ¯ʱҲİë˳ᣣ˹ţԸĪϣӵº˾ƣڴ磬ͷۡ
ĪһŰë˹ȻϡֻܿģӰӣʱ
ĪϤϤ·⿪ţ˵˹˺ܰԵǰһֱΪ˹⣬Ϊ˹Żͦģû뵽İԵ
ӵ¶ԺˣƽʱҲûвϲ˿ԼԵ˿
˹ָͲӣȻëϴ֡СƤѥëţҪ˯ŵ½ţ۾ûߺţ
ãһ㡣˹ôֱȥˡ
˹׳ĵطѾ˯ˣҪ˯˯һ㣬Ҳû취ֻܸǺñӣͷӲӺɢͷϡ
ҹ䰲󡣡úܵͺܵ͵֣ĻĪû塣
°Χˣ÷紵ĪСˮ˳䣬Ƕ
ϸûзһ
ӵ½ƣܻҹϸһ㣬עĶ˹СԸſڵˣ˭˽ӽӵµķ䡣
ǡ
˹ˣ·ϡһָ˹һļһԴķ˿
˹ɫģͷǺúչӵ¡
Լķ䣬ǸɫľһţŽһǶ鱦ĻƽС滹ʮһɫľš
˹ĸڣķ䣬ڵĵط˯ۣûа⡣
컨λÿһȻЦˡ
ҹ䰲˹
лҪ˵ǿµֻë
˯еСȴһ¶ĶƤ
Сԣš
ƣ˹Ժֵˣ

44 44 

ӡɳķӺӽʱ, Ѿ𴲺ܳʱ, ϴ, ڻ԰һЩԽˮ
˲֪СȺ, ܲ˵˶и, ȻĴֻ
λ£ռ䰲ػӻ, 촩øص, ֻһϮԭɫ, ͷɵԺ, ûκεΣû˻˰ƶªϵϡ
λ·΢⡣һͷɫͷڹâҫ貵ϵǹ, Ƥţ̵İ, ȴԵôԽӵĺ, ֦ͷҡҡ׹͸˵Ľ
˫۾ĸ׺ӣҹǰ, ˵
ò, ůĸо, úá
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ٺãнɽˣ
ӴһЩĹԣȴκ˽
ù𣿡ֱ¶ͷıһʺá
ûСɳķ˿΢΢ɢߵһһģû죬ôڽˮЩūֿʼ͵ˣ
ûУҶڿ졣ԼҪģ㿴ָԺЩССԣһЩڶ쿪ƯĻһЩڶһҪúõչˣͦϲЩݵġλϲĻߡ
ɳķϤһЩҲһָҾҪӸոսˮһ衣Ҳɣոսˮһ÷ԣĸƷֵġ
ӻǽְɣ
Ȥȫϣһ˫۾ǼżԲзۣȫǿȡ
һ㶣ðҲҪˣ󡣡
󡭡󡭡ʲô𣿡ӽֺ飬Ҳһš
оܺãɵĻʱĸоЦҲӷˣûʲôر壬Ҫ˵Ļƶγɵĺ˼
ʱùͰˮһȥòͣ
áɳķ˵Ҳͷ
λӶΪ˵ȥò;òͣû뵽Ҫȥ˹˹Ƭʱһ飬ûд鴦ˣͬʱƽʱòϰó׼˺õĲ͵㡣
ǳȫܡ
˹̫˽ˣòʱ䡢ϲĲƷһжԤ֮ڡЩ˻ÿ£Լƣǡǡ෴ϲֱĸо
ϲĳ˲Żһֱעûи飬չҲֻǱĿ׺ͳ
һȥŴˣ£û޹ζҲûоζǴɨ˺ɣһ֮󣬵øǼӽˣ롣
£òͣȥС
ſյĴ紵ֻڶȥС
С¥ϵһƽ̨ϣеͤӣܴŲҪʱ£ҪʱΪߣߺܺãûлԺǲġ
֪浽ʲôʱ֮ʲô˶ûУں˯ء
СɫͬɫĲһᣬ׵׹£ѾɨúܸɾƤ̺Ϳ档Ǻ˹һλȴ
λðǨıϣСһ𣬳С
Ůڰ÷ָ°һ̶ΪŮֵĪ˹ˣ÷ֻ³ɽҲûʶҲһգ÷ЩƻĿƭˡ
ܾİ÷Ѿ̬ˡ
ͻ嵭һЩϰߣԷԸ׼һЩΪ˵дλӡ
׼ʮ͵Ʒڵġоֵˮëר˷̡
Һϲһ͸ϺȣȻִ˳Եô͸Ҳȱ񶡵㣬ѾǳŬ
˼ϳĺܱ͵Ƥ֮ǰ͸ģװһϺʣȻʵĺϺһĩУʮˡ
ϺȣСţڶģԼ̻ư͵ͼȡɳķҪϲȣҧȥ귢ʮִóȳԣζء
ըõͣõǻ͡ϼȴͣҲϵڶ
˼ͲĿԣ߸ɴֱĿե͵ֲҲճ̣ƷͺһֽζرζȻҲжུǿڸȫһϷ˵ǸϲƵʳ
һЩףȺСմһζ
ʵϻгԵİ嵰ϴɾĲҶţ⡢СѾơ⼸ǹϵĹ̶ɫȴջƻһˡ
λӵԲôϲ̻ưҲȫˣɶ״̻ưǺǵʳرϲţͳ̲衣
ζݳ޵ζʱû
вϲʳˡϲʳ͵ĳǷĵʱеݳš
Щϻǳܻӭըӵ⳦㳦ףԼ͵⡣෱Ĳ͵һپ޿ܳ꣬׼ĶʵҲдԲꡣ
ʣʳﲻᱻ˷ѣǷָǡ˴ϵ㣬һ굽ͷԲʳ˾裬һֽ͡
Ѿ֪ūǲܳţһЩʳģʳĳԽǵĽ׼ΨһĲиˡ
ʮΪɫȡūݡڻΪסѾɵĹԱ̩ķɣȨɱģȻкܶ಻ɺƣ٣ڷϣѾһˡ
һūݱҲ˲˹á
ūǼѾԼƵϣ
ʵҲѵóһ⣬ʣµģɡ
ţǺͼѼܷһһЩƬ߲ˣһκƬ˵϶ζϣȺ
Ȼţͷͽţ벻ͬ±ĲҩһƳճ±߽֭Ϻ࣬±⡣
Բ״ıƽп±⣬ҧȥʹ㡣ٴʳã˵͡
֮½½𴲣̾ѬһҹߣǼȱˡ룬׼һЩ
͵ÿ˵ķ䣬˶ϲ嵭ͣ˵ҪյĺںţźĵһʣĺںͿ⽴
ȻϲߵʳЩҲͷ
ϲΪڸ֮Ƥͣ
ȴʮֿɿڵ㣬õһһ˳Լһ׺޻ӣ׶δİλ곤߶һо˵԰ߵѬ㡣
Ҫ͸λӵͷǵϡ
ǰ֣ضʾ˸лллΪ̩ǣлл׺޻ʾҪһȻ󲢲޵ذʾҪ񣬿ɲԻ
󣺡
պ󣬹лˡ
ҳԱϲķʽǲǾ͵أ
һãȻո˸ӵˣԳܹܣ˺ЩʮʣƺƵٸūֱˣʾûˡ
صȴʥɽߵһСɽûʲôزǰɽиȪۣˮʻͦǸСɽͷĵغԱߵԭʼ֣һ͸ˡ
лҪ˵ûģǮеء


45 45 

Ҳ, ʵ͵ʵġ
ؿ, һֱƸ, Զ͵رֱǮѺáͱ, ܴ, ͵أش, ̩ĹΧ, Զ̩ġҪӵЩƸ, ͱ̩, һֱŲߡ
ҺǸģ֪С˼Ҳûʲô
Щū顣
ٸմսûжõְҵʿ, ս, Ȼǹ, һʼǴӵˣмת, ˵޳һЩĵ, ǳʺѵԼ˽
ĳ̶ֳ˵, ˣֱӸ, Щūݣ԰ǵġ
ڵģȻҲһֱ, ˵ֻǽõģӵʹȨûȨЩʿһȨģūݣҲֻǡӵ˽ʿ
ֱ͵ĿϣĻҲصĿϡһؽһܣһ׵ģнյʨõĻƣʮ־
ɳķıԺԭһ䳡ǱҲоסӣٸһҲסˡ
һʼе࣬ǹҪҪЩʿļһ˼һžһ¡˴ܹ֮ӰҲֹܷͨǵļв˺
ԼԲһٳıƣʵһѹġ
ʵ֤ˡ
ȻѾص˵뷨ĳ̶ȺĻһ
Ҫ͸ĸסһչǣʱֻÿһЩʳչ˼һ̡
ҲסһģǳӣĸҲѸԴӡ
ЩΪūսģͲǳӣҲǱƫģūôء
һȦֻʮ˵Լ֮ǰˣ֮ûϵԼĸĸ˶ǵԼĵܵã֪ǺõĹûС
ҲеģȥˡЩū֮ǰǴ޵ģԭļ˻ڴ£һڶվյ˻ظ
Լ˵ľȥԼˣԼϲĹľȥǸ
̫ãȥѾ˷ˡ
̤սһ̿ʼʵȫһǵļѾȫͬ·ϣټ棬Ҳֻԡ
ϲĹͼˣĸҲˣǵĵܵûڣǶԷѾ󣬲ǼеģҲ΢ı仯ǶԷѾɼҵָҸлҪǿһ㡣
еһֱֻԼһˣߡ
֮Щ˾ͳĬ˺ü죬ͻȻĹ¶˼ա
ԣѯǷҪѼҲʱ򣬾ȻûһԸ
뿪˹ǵĸܣ뿪һǾҪ֮еһУٻȥġ
˹ٷĸп侲Ǵݲȣκ¶ӡ
Ǻܶ˾żҲǳб˼ҵĺӣŮе֪̩˹ҲɳķӲ̩ӥʨ
ܹ̩֮˺٣ɳķӺ˹̩֮յĹ̩֮ڵĵһ̩ǻ۵ࡣ
Ŷڹ̩֮˻һ֮Ϊ̩֮µӣҲ
ŮЦ˵̩֮¡жĳƺѾ˴ȥң
ʱǸˬ飬ֱ޷Ա
˹뿪ĸߣѧϰ𣿡
˹һ٣תͷ󣺡Сʱһ˴뿪絽ʱ򻹲̫ʲôһֱҪĸףʦĵӺܶ࣬Ҳ֪ôչ׵ĺӣʱһλʦչҡ
˫ɫ۾ע˵֪ģұ֪޲ԡ
Сëջʳ⣬˽ȴȥĵиȥ鲻֪Ҫƫĸȥתȥķ
˹
š
߱˵δĴ٣ÿô๤ΪʲôҪôչңʦ˹ˣܲƭŪҵߣҪ𣿡
ͣ½Ų˹Բش𣬵Һ⡣
£˹ʮ־ϲһֱ֪󲢲ȫⲻ⣬Ͼ˵ȫİģ֮ĶǴĻǵҪıˡڣ׼
˵⣬С¹ߵߣͷϵǲһ£һָκ׽
һʼǰʳֶӲڣǺһܵؿһҲڳҪ죬һ˹ɾ͸С
Ѿ׼פģΪε𣿡˹˫ġ
Ա߼ĸŮ治ɫȴĪ߳ܣ飬Ҫ˵
˹ע⵽ָΣʾ˿һЩȥһ䡣
÷󣬵ȺķԸ룬ͷߵŮҲ˿һ㡣
ע⵽߿ʮԶһȦǱм䣬ֲӰ̸
ԣΪʲôҪأŴٿԽӴණΪ㲻ڣʦֵܻȡλã㲻𣿡
ڵ˹оǺһƣƮƮģЦһġԶ˭ԽҳΪʦļ̳ˡ
Ϊǹϵô
ǣҲǡ
ӵĸȷǾ̳˵һҪأǾءǸ⣬˹ܹȼ̳λãԭѾˡӵĸķ棬˳ҡ
£ߣΪȡҵʦ߱ˣǣ뿴ߡҲ֪ΪʲôԣҪ޷ܣҲ뿹ܡ
һҺܱǸ£벻ҪҡҶ̫ģ˺ǰ˵飬˺¶ɱҡ
̩˶е̹˹޷סԼȻѾԼ˽ĹȹעӦ̫ϼ˾ʹӦеľη㽡Ϊ˾չߣйߡ
˹֪ԼһʼִϲôģʶʱԼǰһ˾һˡ
˾ʥģ˵**ȴܰࡣ
˹ĸ̫ӣǸϵļ˾Ժã̷飬ֿûоܽӴƤһĿõ
˹ʵǸˣѰ˸벻ۡ
˹ΨһرеС
Ϊ˾㽣Ϊ԰ĿΪһ
ֹ
ֵһ˶ѹȴ̲סЩϲãӺͿԾܾġһֵᡣҺܸˡ
Ѿʶ֮Ѿеܣ֪˹ǷָоռԵ飿Ŀʼƣʧȥһѡ
ķӦ˹ȫͻȻӶת
˹Цʣ֪ҵô
ֻЩ棬ǷҪ˵ġ
ϣ֪Ҹ顣ԼΪǸڲͬзѿһʰ
÷Ƥë磬ʱȺǱߵ˹ѾӽߵԺӵͤҲûʾ߿Կ
÷㣬ܿһ𣿡ʰ÷
÷ĮؿһۣçײûͷԵ˰еˡǵģ÷ͷ˹˶ӵµвһ㡣Ҳжռǿˡӵ»¶ûа飬ȴ
ҪţǴ˷ԸҪ÷Զͤӣ˵ı飬̬ܣ˹ƺ˵ʲôӵһֱš
ðԺôأ
÷﷢ӵµӲ˵˹˶չ˳էӵ¡һͬ˹ƫƫԼҪػ˶ġ
һ죬֪˹ܶ¡
Ǵ署ϣ֪Ϳʼס֪ĸ׾ǺҹŮ٣֪һʼɢʦȴڼ̳սУ˹Ůܼң˹֣Ȼ˹
֮ʮ˹˾ģ
ܱ߹ңǿԼ
꿪ʼ㣬Ϊʲôѡѣӱ̽Դ
Ů޸ҡС˹ŮܼҶ˹Ų̬ĿҪ˹δе˹˵ȾĶ䣬˯ˡ
Ҵӣᣡ
ҹ䰲˹ﴫһ
ҹ䰲¡
лҪ˵ҹδʱҹ

46 46 

˽ĵһѩ, Ժһ㱡ѩ, , Ҳ˷Ժɢ
Ժӵһߴʿѵ, ѵǲиÿ, ūʧȥսǽʧȥڼֵֻܵӪ, պ²ٹͷ, ÿջܹӦһͷ
ܲܲƲ֪, ζ԰һ궯ζ١
ʱҲȥ, ָչֳкˡ
ʵҴСѧϰ񶷡˹˵ţȻ°µۡ洩úܱ׾ܿļ, ˹ſļխݵ, ޳ֱ
, ̲ס࿴˼ۡʱ¶ϼеļ⣬ǰһ, Щ׳˶Ĵ󺺸ˡ
˹ɲֻпǲ, Ҳǡ治
󿴵³ƿսʿֱƷڵء˵սʿ赸, ˹һеٮٮߣÿһ, Щɾ䣬һ㶼ڣһɱ, ˮ
΢һûôҵ·ۣٴαǸ˹ļ˾
˹۾ȫܰԼСǲ̫ˣ
ѾעеԼϣҺԼͣ˹΢΢һЦѧĻҽ㡣
룡
µÿ񣬸
ǽù˹ϸɳӶѳһɳһյأʯãɳӣѵʱˤˡֹ˹ϸɫɳӿЧѵеʿ
˹Ǹ渺ˣ˵˽̣ͲΪϲˮΪϲϸһ㡣
ʱûȫ
˹ϣиԱ֮ܰϣϣʲô¶ܳ⡣
ߵŮѡǰһջʮƵõϰѾڰ¶ͼı
̫ӣһԾε˾Ǻ˲ˡԣҪѰΣ׽ˣԼһҪΣյ
ңʶһ˹һֱѵ֪
һαݺˤɳϣǶ˶ࣺúݡ
˹ѹϣסֽţһʱʧȥ˫ʣһδˣǲǣ
º˹̾ѧϰǿֻѧϣиϣͬһһʶܿͻı䡣ҲӲԹ٣򵹾վԽԽ¡
˹ͷԼΪ˶ڴԼôôѡϲһлˣ
£͵ϴһ¡˹վҲϵĳָСĲȥϵĻҳϲ֪ʱƤʱ۵̫ˡ
ɳϣĴ˻ǲɱ⡣
۵ȴΪ⣺һˣһҲͺˡ
˽ظϴˮ룬Ϊ࣬˹ǶϲϴʱˣһжΪ
ѵ⿪Χŵͷѱӽ⿪СͷȻѾװͷﻹɳҲɾֻܳϴһΡ
ÿһܶɳӶаʱҲһ¡
ϴ裬ְͷϴű
Ѿ·˵˹Ȼ˹Ҳ
Ѿϴϣ롣
ھǰͷͰӹ˳һɵ޽ͷ޽ΪˮԺǿҲϲëʹá
˹ַᣬСıܿеͷƤɾͷ֮ʼͷͿĨһ࣬ͷһ˵üֱҪۡ
ͬʱžӴԼϵ˿ڣһЩ˺ˡʣرһƬһƬƺҲСëÿһѵرҡ
Щ˺Ҫ̴˿˻ΪʲôŰ
ӺҲС˹ѵ
žӿͰҩ˹ܰͿһ𣿡
˹Ѿͷӹҩ࣬һֵɫĸҩմƤ˿˿ġ˹СĸͿϣͿϼʧˣԴӸѧϰ֮ҩͱر
Ȼһǻôġ
˹ʮʱε˺
˹ҩ͵һūԸҪӡϣ׶Ͼϣ
СѧϰĸҩļЭĸ׼ʱҵҲѾūӡǣӴԺ˾ݽԶ޹أҲȫͬķչ
ūӡȥΪõĳ衣̩һūӡǵ˵ϸλʧȥݣֻܱ֪ĵط
Ҳһ֮˹ѧ⣬Լ뿪ůʵļ磬ٳɳ
ĥĽʹߴǰ
Ϊٵļ̳ˣִһδܵĴٳɳҲˡ
˹֪Լʱһ
ӵܵע߷˺ܶ࣬ϸݱˡõĲ;ҲȫʣΪ˷ֹʳ¶
˵Σյĸʺܵͣôͣ˹ɳܲ
ĵڶִˣǼȻħҲܶߡ
Ѿҩҿûкۼת˹£Ҳҩġ
˹ϲ˾ǧ׺񣬾˵ʱСÿɰҪһͷը˵
˹ʲôûֻЦǣºҾҩࡣ
Цҩ࣬˹Ļشһ㲻š
Ƿˣߵ˶˵ʲôԣ˹΢һ£˿ŽвҪСһȺΧ䡮ð̶ȡ
һһԼǿֵסɿĵĺը
ʱҪôҿҪ뿪ա˹ʡ
ûʲô顭ŶˡķͰúܳʱˣҪЩֹǰҲû÷Ҫɣɳû治ˡͷڻоͷɳӣô˹ʲôҪô
Ҳûʲôҵܹܵս飬ҹȥһˡ˹ƽ˵
Gһվܵܽ飿Ҳȥ𣿡ûʱĻ񣬶һ˹ĵܵܡ
ЩԼС뷨뿪￴ĵطҲ֪ڱԼΣǷıҵ˽ˡſϿôطأҲ
ҵѾô֮ᰴԼΪõļƻһƴ

ʲôҪ£عȥҪʮ죬һᾡġ
˹ûòֵרһˡͼ˵Ĺϵܵ͵ܵҲкܾûмˡǼżһΣ黹ߵֻǽ²Ҫϯ
Ƕ֪סһΪѣȥǲǲã
ô᣿Ҫ̵ˣǹҲȨҪȥμ˭Ļ񡣻ֻɳķĻֵרһˡû˽ȴҪ붯һ֮ӣһûʵȨĳӻûʸ
룬ס˹䣺һûߵĻءǿԶΣյġʶ˹ļˡ
˹
ϲ˸Լ˵ʶļˡ˹ô죿֪ûб˼ȫܾܡ
ȣҪȥұȥð÷ʰ˱죬˵Ĵ˯Ųϵıͺܶ࣬ӣ֪ʲôˣʱ̺һ𣬲Ҫһ߶ҪԹ˱ֵʳ⡣
۾˹һ£õģ֤
лҪ˵С·һҪҵ֣кܶ໵ˡҪȥ·̯Ķ·̯ɾ˶ۡ
ƣ~

47 47 

Ҫ뿪ͰһıȥμһӵĻ, ɲ˵һе顣֮ǰŲһ, Ҫ뿪ȥһԱӵĵطʮյʱ, ôʱܷܶ¡̩ĹڻرȣȻѾ, ѵ˻Ĵ, ǻᶢӡ
֪µĴٺܿ˹˻
˹εԼʦʾȻһĴ˸Ѫͷ
׺޻Ϣȥ֮, ļҪӰߣץļͼ˶չһηˡ˹ȻҪ뿪ȥμԼܵܵĻ, һǶգ
ٵ˵ӡоǸԹС, ų, ȴǺһô»˭Ĵ˹Ĵ
˹ڣȵԼʦˣŵʦ, Ѿȥɸ, Ҳע⡣
ٿԼһصĵӣļ̳˶λҲǻ, ׺ͣǶȡ֮Ӷ, ̩Ҫ塣㲻ź׽, ӰΣϵ£
˹ͷӦ, ȴţǱʦ֪Լӻǵ뷨, ֻµһʱͻᱻ滻
Ϊ˱ⷢ£ҪԼĸصøһЩ, ҲŬȡͳĴӣݲٵļ̳ߣҲ
ʦ⼸׼´ٵǱУڳΪ֮ǰҪӽֻг˴٣˲ŲӵĹ׽
ʦͽ˵ĶԻʱ򣬴ٵһһƤֽʦӵġŻһӵĵģһķо֪ǱߵĶ
չſ
ѧֲһ꣬ЩʻûöԣǴ˼׵ġ˵ԼΪȥ񣬸ҵķ鷳ʵˣϣǲҪ
úʯЦ˾ջĵӺʱôù
ԼĵֱӸ˿ǣôãԻȤ֡Ѱ˵ĺﶼܣȴΪ뿴ñǸѰ˿ķû˹㲻Ҫӣӳȥתת
պЩʲôģ㶼ȥҪܴڼֻעⱣӵİȫҪ˵ȿ
Ȼ˹һԼŵʱΪʲôҪ˵ġˡʱ˺ʦдź͵ˣʦΪԼ
˹þԼе־ѹ´ǵϲãظʦģһᾭȥȫֵĵطһߡ
ٵͷȥɡַԸñĺװЩģ˹˳ߡ
˹źӴ߳ȥ·˾׷ױܿߣ񣬵˹ֻǵͷûκα顣
˹һʼľߣܵӣѾȫ˹Ķ֡ƫƫĲһֱʦƫ˹˹ȥӵ£䲻
˹ӣΪʦˣ䳰ȷӵİΣغ̩Ĺˣ˹ȥμܵܵĻʵЩӦӵĿ˷ִ磬Ǽ˾ԷΪΣɲΪԼŪ顣
Ȼ˹ֻǿһۣŲͣˣöԷվԭأˡ
˹صӣҲƲסԼϵϲá
ڣϡ
ǸסһĵطԵů˹δʶǰļҲǼңǼңڵĵطƯͣĵطļҡ
ؼңԸ
ˣˣ
˹յſһߴһ߸š̴Ӹ϶
ʲô߽ţһ߰еݸ̴ӣһ
ʰ񡣡̴ӱѸٸ˹һߵͷش˹⡣
ʳͻص
ǡ
£ˡ
һͷͰ÷£ȥס죬һپ磬ǳԼΣ治ҪôĶǰ÷ֱҪҵļơ
챻ͷҲˣԼҵ˯õĲ;ߴҲԣڵĶӦСһ㡣ëˢ֮ҲӦôûʲô⡣Ǵ׻ϴûҪдĹֲǺСȥεСѡ
ʱ˹ɽ˰÷ʰõĶ³õѬС¯ôֽʰûУ;һײټһסгЩĵģĵǳԲߡˣгҲһȥｴҲһЩ
λǿţֱôҪǸ㶹һũׯһ·ô
ǻ˯ġ
ôҲͰ÷һ
˹ֽ֪ԵĸӵܣϲԽõĴȴΪЩԭֻܴһȵġ˽õĴʱ˾뷨ģ˹ܵԼ߹õӡ
˵ֻ˵£ȫΪϡ
ȫðɣΪ
ŪģԱӸˡ
ֻõͷҾס졣㲻ģ˯һ䡣
˹ӿһ룬Ӧˣ뵽ܵŮܶ಻ˣǱ侲˵˵Цˣһסڵ¸ڣκ龡ҡ
Ҳ˵˵һ˯һŴ˼ûš
˵ᣬʰĶ߸ŮԼʮλ
ĪΪǵڶŮңһϣڶˮ۾źһ㡣۰Ͱ͵ؿϳ̲סʵ£עⰲȫҪİ˸ĶҪİߡ
󣺡ﵽǸʲô󰡣
˹ȻĲ£׹ֹ롣ˣҲ䣬˹Сɨȥϵѩһͭ¯ݸ
ͭ¯Ҳ빤ģ֮ͿʼҿţǾϲһůţɪɪƽȫһкϹҪһԽС
һڰ˫¯ͷ˹ĸǳĸǿ٣һֱ־أ
˹֪ʲôܻ˵Ǹˣҵĸĸ׸ܺá޸ܺãȴˣʱҲ㲻ֵ£еԭܸӣ˵塣
ûôԼŮԡɫ
漰**ûмȥһ⣺˹ĵܼܵˣ
ʮˣȥԵʱ˵ԵһֻҰţҰţ͸ϲĹԷˡ
е㲻ף˹͵̩ʮΪ꣬Ҫ͹ƽͥ
һЩЩûгͻ顣Ǽ꣬׷ŮӻԷܣͬˡ
GôȤϰǵùŴǲҲץ׵ģ
˵û˹رŮŮ˾ܵܶҪˣأ
˹أҲˣûϲŮ𣿡̽ʡ
ûУǰڡϲкһϧŵ̫࣬һʱ̲ܵԼ˹롣
˹ҲûΪ˹ܻӭġôõ߸˧ȻҲû飬Աȵһμ߻Ůɳķӣֱȫһײˡ
ȷܻӭΪ˹ôô룿ڵߣû˵Լܻӭ
һʱϣŮӼ޸İ壬һ񺮣ܻӭˡ
Ȼ˵ˡ˹״ʣϲ𣿡
һ£ûС˵նΪ˵ϲˣһ˲ʲôûУһƬհס
ģϲһ˵ʱ޲ðԼͳȥͣȫʺ̸ȷǸ˰޷԰Ρôİ飿ܶʱֻǽͶѡ
ϲһˣǸ˲ôϲ֮ľ鲻֪ǷתڻǣֻΪǾˣеʱﻹܿ壿
һ뵽ԼδܳΪ˹ġͲķֱһʵĳǣ쿪ʼһĪͬԡ
ⱲӶģ
лҪ˵ƣһflag

48 48 

˹ڳﲻԶ, һ·ͣͣվ͵ˡûпķ, ɽ޽ĳţһȺɽءǴʱ߿ո˵һ̱ʯ
سʿʶ˹ֻ¶һ棬ǳӾͷˡ
͸ķ϶⿴, ûʲôˣ䣬Ҳûϲ洵硣ȥߵĽֵҪȿС࣬, ЩСұζ
ЩеǺе
Ƕ, Ϲͺͺ, ֻһЩѩ, ɪ䡣ڴ, ӦǺ, һѵĵ·деľҲл۷ͺ, 걻紵, һĻʫ衣
ǻﻹмӣ̶̵ԲԲԴΧŻͺ׷𡢴֡Ϸ, ⻭һ˲ˡ
˹Сʱﳤô˹СʱҲȺͷһ;úȤ
˹ԣǻشǣСʱ߳󡣡
Сʱ黹ϵôʡ
Сʱ飿ʵϣ˹ѾǲСʱ飬ӡ̵ľ뿪һգǴ죬û꣬ģ졣ȸߴߴ֦ȥڿз裬˱Żͷʱһ·ǱĻꡣ
ʱһ·ţżԽԽңԶһֺͿֲǻˡ
ţһһ̤ĵ·ȴΪ뿪ǻϧ֮ҲûڴС
һһΣҪָָ⣬еĿֲ
ѰʾﲻĹ鴦
Ĳ˵Ϊǲ
Ը˵Ҳûмʡע¼е·Եĵ·ϡ·ȻխһЩͱȫһ·ȻƽȴȻľʡ
ԼƷһ磬ӽλͻƷʵϲһ֣ӣ
ӣڿﳤúܺãµһˣǷζֲӦֲ
ôܲܺ͹һڴأ
ʱӣһţһƬƬӲİɫƣ紵ѩһܺÿգɫӣҹ֦ͷһɫ解һֲͬϲãǿҲʳõĹʵ
߹·ǳ䣬°ѶϵĴϵá
˹һ˵һѾָϵñӣë׵ı߶
Ϊչ˵ĴˣҲһʼ˾èһǳɵ˹˶ҲһЩҵԹԵ˹ϲܿƵؽ鷢Ƶ棬ͷ֡
иزʳһϲġ˹õĵط羰ãǶ죬ȥʳһ㡣
Ȼ£ʲôû𣿡
ֻɽֲеһβʣҲ޷ֳһץסͻ᲻Բȶ͵˼ˣҲͲˡ
ҲôøȤˣǺ񣬶ҲҲ
˹ЦݸˣЩȥϴԵļ̿һѬһͿĨϣߵز
ϲѰʱȥľѬˣζҪá
ԭʼᣬִôŶҰܾ
˹һ̲סδڴ֮顣
˹ĸɯҲѾ𣿡
ĸ缸ձˣھڳǡ˲ֻ࣬һֳ͵ܵܡ˹ƿһǣ棬Ժҵֳ̳УһεĻҲ֡㿴һЦˣǱ
˹ǰԤ룬ϣҪֳϲ沿Ӳ
չ·֮ĳٿʼ½ģͣӵ£˹ˣˡ
˹ƿһֺͿȫͬķ羰ӳȻų֡¡
Ҳʯͷ˻ݣЩڶҲûпήӲʯͷױʮֵš
ȺļŮΧǵͷϺͼϻһЩѩһ˵ӵ£˹ˣɡһ˵˺ͷѾڿˣҪһȵľůůô
ŮҲѾǽŲ߹
ЩŮӾǻһǴӵһ¯ůĴ
󿴵˺ҹŮ٣Ҳ˹ĸסһ̸Ӿ˹ĸף˹˵ǸܺģǢƭˡ
ˣƺ񡭡ðɣʵе⡣
ǲԶһԸ˼ע˹ĸ磬Ҳźӣ뵽źӵ˹ˡ
ﻹһŵӣض󣬴žλɡ
ӵ¡ɯܸˣ̲ס˹һۣΪţҴ쿪ʼһ
ֱڴĵ̫ˣҺý޻ӣϣһ·ãûбѩε
е˼ѵĸ׶Լʹþֵֹģˣɯ¡
ɯͺˡɯϵڽߣʹһ˶ĸ鶼رġȷӵ֮ӵĽͺϵļνһ
οɯ֮һصģоر𣬺һ档
ɯԼɷӽܸȻһʼ²ϵ˾Ǳصĳ곤źӵ˹ĸ磬Ǹеߵؿ˹ĵܵܡ
һһǼ񣬼׼ɵʱ򻹰Լ˳ף»֣Ҹ
˹Щؿһۣ̩ûֽͺϰף˼ҽ飬˼Ů飬͸ٰһ£ֻҪףšֿտչһپ׼˵ġ
׸綼ûκαʾȴ׼ݾϲɶ˵ˡ
һķĲɫľͷӣźд
Է޴ؽ˼صлллӵ¡СĽ⿪д򿪺ӣ¶ǴɲʵĲʻС
󣬸ոպ÷ϣװҲ
ôС
һǶ˴Բεһ͸İԲӣֻ׵죬ͷ˴ʯͷĽťתʱ򣬽Ļأھ衣
ºе׸˿滺ťڵһࡣ
һһֻһµףδԺͺ˴顣
ףû˵ڣϾ򸾸ҲӰǸҸܾ׷һһһ˫˵ԼǸࡣ
ô˵ﻹ͵úܺã־ϸĻʱģֺתԭҲ޷⣬Եôתť֣ϵ컹裬ԳƵˡ
׼ɽ˵ö֪˵ʲôãֻл
˳Ҳлл˹˶˹ġ
סĸףȥϴٻһ·˹˵ſ󣬡ҪҪһ𣿡
˲һ·۳ͶҪϢһ£ɯ˵ӵһ·ǷˣѾúˣ˹ȴӵȥϢɡ
תӵ£ʲô󾡹˵ҪʲôóԵĺĺÿĶУǧҪ˼űίԼǿ˹ԼʱҲðǺ庢ӵĿ
λĸӰ
ȷЩƣˣķҲãһ·ͷת˶Ӱˡ˳Ӧ£һȺ˵Ĵӵ¹Ĺؿŵһ䡣
沼õʮůģ¯𣬵Ѭ㣬رص޲÷ָŮѼһɴϸ޲Ķϣĩ˵һźãֲ̫ڵĲϻѵµļĥġ
󣺡
ʱΪǲƿ׺˾
лҪ˵Сҵ壬һΪһӢͷ׵Ļ


49 49 

, ڻϳõĴļ׺ϤѬ֮ȷܿҵְȫ, ֻ׼ڴϢƬ̣ȴĳ˯˹ȥ
һֱ˯һһϣȵٴѾǵڶյϡꤣЩãؿ˿еİĻ, ˼ӻԼڵĻ
Ŷڣ˹ϼҰ
Ȼע⵽߷һɫҡ壬Ҳġ˵Ѿʼҡ͵ķ, леζˡ
֪Ū, ֻǲϣŮΪȷʱҪһֱ⡣
֪, ƺֵֹĶ
˯, һ׼õճ, Ȼҡûһ, ÷Ůˮëˢþ߶ý
ˢϴԼĨֹƤѡ˹, 񻹺, ֪ΪʲôеȦϴ˯ã
Ӹͷһʣ˯ÿɺã
ɻΪʲôʣܺá
˹ظһϺβ裬ɫ˿, ϴͱʯβòɫƤϵãһƽ׹Σŷ˵λ̫ƣ𣿡
󰵰Ծ˹Ȼȫûио
һǳİ˿̱ѣǰ˹󿴵İ˯ѵǰٵġ˹ʱȴȫûз̫ƣˣΪʼˣ
ϻãȻӣ˵ֵĻô
ûУʲôû˵˹˵
Ҳǣ˵λ֧ģǵԼΣӦþһЩûĴʻɡ
˹˵
˻ѡ
һʼʱȷֻǷһЩķǺ˹ŸֳԵģӰ˵Ѭȸƽϲ̿ţš
ȻһѳԵģеֿɰ˹̲סͣӡ̲סһЩҪ¾̲סҪһա
˹ʹģ˹ߵ˵Լ֡
ȻҪһ֣˵Щʲôá˹侲ͳһ̶뿪˹˯еˣָ̲סץ˱󣬽ҡ
˹ſͣܵ͡
˹ҪԺ׷ҪġԼ֣һ׽ġεġеĿ˵ԼҪ
˹һҹû˯ȥζǣϲóϡ
޷ЩΪ˲ҪԭԴﶼʲôеˡ
ȻǻȫһģЩ˵̰Ŀɰ֮ǫ顣
ӵõģȴΪԸ鷳ƴԼһԵĶֻ߶
Ȼֲִ֪ɧʲôóԵģҲ֪׷ʲôϲȥѰ׷ζڵ
ϴ֮󣬳ʳһʳȵͽһԴʲ;ߡ
ţ࣬˺ţɵģζأζһЩ⻹嵰߲˺ͽɵκһ֭
ͳԵ嵭ҲûһȾƵϰߣʳ￴ȥܼ򵥣Ҳ࣬ʵոպá
ͺ׼ȥµ˹ĸ˵һ˲һҲû˵
ֱ˯ڣеʧ
ԭʼʱԵеһֱûиı䣬˲
˹˾ûʲôҪȥǾȥ
ܴסĵطӦ򣬿̳˾סأҲԷİ칫
˹һ·ߣǵŮǴе̣رϰߡǰڱԺʱһ÷һһ
ܾżԵĴۣ
˹칫ĵطŷֶԷͦæģĹ²٣ǹڻİţ硢˰õȵȡ
Ҳǣ͹ӵĻҪעӦò١
ӵ£ﲻϰߣ
˹ĸޱ飬ѹ
Ѿ˹֪裬ҲͲദ£Щ˼˵û˵ԹϢȥˣʵ̫ʧˡ
˹ֳϳһ£Ц̫죬Ǵ
ˣڸоûкһЩ˹ĸŷǳ䵭˵ŹĵĻ
ܶԷ˹Ҳе󡮰ݼڡһ㲻䵭ЦţϢúܺãллĹġǸٳ
ǰ滹ͦõģһ¿ǣ֪ôƺΪɯܵʱ˵ҵĳӣ˹ĸ硣˹ĸǲѾʵϵġٳ
硣ٳȻڡ
GûͷûԵģûзӦ
ٳŹʽ˵¾ͺ˹һҸ硣
˹һֱվԱ߲˵һ⻰üͷһʲôʱˣ磿öġ
ַ̩ǳǳ׽ֵܽã
ֵ֮ܽ䶼ֱֵġǱȽ׽ֵܣһҲǺֳ֡硯ֳƺĵóƺ׽ֳġСҲɰǳˣ
˹ȫԼ硯Ļ档
˹ʶԣǱûⷽ泣ʶѾԹԺһ硯˹ֳٴγһ£βǴˣֳЦ
˹ǳһ£ֳ˺Լһ˼һֳСãʯͷһٳ˽͵͵ϲĺܿɰС
Ȼ˹һֱﶼɰǴǸճ֮ͣ޳ζСϱߡ
ֻ˵ֵôһ¡
˹ļϣҵֳ๤ǾҴµߡС£ϵģǰɣ¹˹ǿˡ¹˹磿ܵġ
ٳ¹˹ͷѾ׬һ硯ˡ
ǳٳİ칫ңһ·ߡһ·˶һЩԶԶĿǾͣһЩ߹Ǳְ档
ЩǴӱμӻĿˣڳסա²õģǾסĵط޷㡣˹˵
ûϵ㣬Χ϶񣬾ûϳˡ˵
ûϵû񣬱дʧĿˡ
˹Щסˣô˵е㲻̫Щȷʵûַ֪֮ǳʧ
ӵĵλܱӶҪһЩҪѵҲððʧʧǰ𣿻֪ƢãΪСǣ
ͷһۣЩ˾㱻ס
ˣֱؿߣ˵ĿȡΪӵѾ̩ȫô̩ĸ߲㣬ȻĶ޷
Լ̩ΧڵѺ֮ЩжԸϣ̩ĸ߲ˡ
Щ˹ĿˣҵĿˣʡ
ǣҲһЩǡ⼸ճˣ֪μ֮󣬸һЩطٺͳҲˡ
ΪֹһԹĶǿȨ󣬵λԲһ㣬ķӶ뿿һӻϯܶûеõĿҲˣǴţ˲þܾ
һЩĵ
ﲢ֪ˣؾܾ˵˹һͣסŲתر˵ǰ¹˹󡣡
Ϊһ硯ûʲôⰡССҲûٺ˹ôĻ
ô˹𣿸磿
ֻ붺û뵽˹Ȼ˹סָ©
ԡ
˹ûסĵطκһƬ֪ôҲ˼ҵ죬˹Ǻ
лҪ˵ƣ硣
С

50 50 

Ϊһ硯, еĺһֱֵֹġ
˹ӡһֱǳʮǿ󣬸涼ǿˡû뵽ᷢ˹ôɰһ桪Ϊ˺һ硯, ˣˡ
һ˲ͻȻget˷ȵȵڣӦģȴĴ顣
ʱ˹ͬһһڴطŸո硯Ļ, Ǹߴ꣬òʣҲˬһ˲, е, 캰һ硯, 
ʱ, ˵Ե粨ȫһµģ, ˹/, ɰ
˹һʼļƻǻȥɽ񡣾ڸİɽûдҰ, ΣԱȽϵ, ȥ˲ŷ֣ǱѾһȺӰˡ
ǸŹӷĲ˹׼ɵܵô߸һƯƯӸмӣΧ򡯵ؽ, ԭҵĵܵܡ
˹׼ˣϲչ˺ӡߵסǲȥôһȺˣǺȤһ㡣
˹ⱲӶû˭ɰǻ߹ȥ
ӵ£˹ĵܵʮ־ϲؿߵĹҲܾϲ۾ˣָšδĸ첲ʾܡ
ӵ𣿡һߵǸǰԲԲ۾ʹ˵еһģһ
ǰ˰벽˵ôģ
Ұķ£˵ʯĥ綼ӵ´ģ껹ҪʼֲƽءҰ˵һò˵ҪһӵһòɷԺ£˵ûôˡ
Сֱ
㶵ʲôⶶѾ췬ѣѾȫˡ˹ĵܱܵǸﰲοģÿ쿴㶼úÿһȣŮǳּ質һöյʯˡȣǿĻ
ҡҲϲ㣬ϲ㳪ĸϲժĻﺦߵ˵
䲻һ빷ô죬ͲܶԵѺһô
ܾ빷ǿתƻ⣺ʲôȸô
СкľеǻڣǱƽĶԲεģмλϸϸľĺӼ棬ʾְ취ȸ
˵˾ǣɣϿ졢ݡ׼
õӵϿɣóԼõˮƽ˺üֻʷʵȸ
ôģҲ£ʯͷɺˮƯĶľ˦ȥɹĿиڵһһѩϺΧȸ߲١
Ĵʾ
ڨڨջػſ͵֣ˣΪˡ
ɹֵ˹ôοȫѹѾѸٻѪġ
óţĵϷҲóбóϷҪҪֹߣָĶĶϵĺá
ǱܾηģǿɹûǺã뵽ҲвĶ̹̹˵ֱһ㲻ǡص곤ߡ˾иСһҪСߣԼҵĶ׵Ժ
ҪԣҪҪԣ
һΧҪ˹
ҡҡͷ¡
ѵһǣõϵСʯʾ淨ָûͺóˣΣСӷ۲ͣľ̾ʺĵͷϴ
ĵЦú֣ﻹһ⡣
£ǺӵĹ𣿡һҸ׵ĹеƣǺӵĹ𣿡
룺ô˵ҲС
ҮԼĹˡ⺢Ӹ˵õĺҲһȻҲжԵȤϲɹĺӡ
ԼĵҲˣٲ뺢ǵǺ˹һǶĳƬԺӵԳȴﴵ˳ӡ
˹һ֪ˣҲ𣿡
ǣһŮҵĵܵڸԵĶʶġ
һУǳ֮ŮȻ̩飬ŵڣҹﻹǹ֮Ůء
ŲԵ˷ҪһǵĸĸҲֻЭǲָ㹻ǮƣԲϿɵºúһ¶ļ
̩ĻۻǱȽѺõģûôĹأҲǿһҪӡ
˵Ҽ˹ĸĸףֳ͵ܵܣеܵܵδޣǻ֪ɩġƼͥۻС۲ͶûöԷǲڼһìܣ
ֳӡ˹üͷĬһ˵ǰȥˣ岻̫á
Ϊ𣿡Щ档
¹˹಻̫ã˲һ˹ͷͰ¹˹ʱǾ֪˺ܾá
һ£ûз𣿡
ִ岻ʱһ˼Ҳͬġ
¹˹ԼĻϲҲӦˣΪʲôҪԣǸܺãǶʱ仹ܿ¹˹żЦЦе£Ӳ¡
˹ֳ֮׼ٽ𣿡ȥ˻ûˣҲûкӣӦûӣ޷߳
ˡ˹˵úɣ¹˹Сֻϲһϲϱ˵ġ
ûʣȥ漰̫˹ҵ˽ˡ
һ**һӵȸ֮ͻȥˣὫܻӭըС񡪡ûըӴһȫµ⿷ʽֻмӵͭߣܺ۵͵ĸ˼ҿ
κοȨֽ׼ȨĲƷ׵ϲп˵һĲ˵ը֥ʿź㳦ܶ˶ԺڽţҲܸȤκûкڽֻ
ʱĲ˵Ѿÿͥĳﶼ֪ؼֻҪһƲƷĵȼͻǣζء˹˵СϢ
ţҼǵ֮ǰң׿ɷ߱ˡ¡
Ϊ׼һ⿷ȱǡϣҲ޷ԭһζ˹΢Ц˵Ǿ˶ΣһЩϺͲҪϵʳ
룬̲ס˵ȫûҪʾң˹ԼСҲҪһʵ̫ϸˣȻѾ˹λ֪ѣȻҲϣԷһ㣬ҪԼڡߡλϡ
Щ׵䷽ܣʾͻ߶ԷЩƷŻ
ڿ
Ȼô˵ǼΨһˣһжģҲǡӦú˵һ˹˵
أ
˼ǣ˹ҲǼ֮һжҲһݡССԺܶ¶˹ڴԼ˹ѧϰһֱǹͬļҡ
˹ȴˣΪ˵ǣǸһжô˹˭
Ȼػش𣺡ҵȻҲģ¡
ĽŲһ£ץס˹󣬺˵ҲΨһˡȻ˵Ұ㵱ǹܼңǡҵѡֵܡսѣǸҵһˡ
ȶȴһֱ͵࣬˹һְȸС
á
ϣ󲿷ֵĿ˶ˣԼķﶼ
ķߵһ㣬Ҳǵ㣬ǴӴ⿴ԿԶɽʹƬũҲԿ󲿷ֵطͬЩҲܿڷ䡣
ʶ̫ˣԶԶĿڳһɫˣǾͻƴ߻ֱۣҪע⡣
ûȥԷȻ˵ǱٰᣬΪĻԤȡ˹ҲûУڷùͣһϰ֮ǰѧ֣ÿҪϰЩ쳤дռǣ˹һһѧʦ
֮⣬ڷѧϰͽ̵÷ʰ˲֮£ѿռǡ
ܶ󴰿ڵĵƹ⣬ǹһֱϨ
лҪ˵˵ÿһµܴһµ˼룬ô˼ǣúѧϰ֪ʶʲȰȽ̸ֵҲѧϰŶǻȥȡ֪ʶ֣o(**)hhh


51 51 

ڶʽʱĻûرӵ̺ʽ, ûлûн, û໥ŵûл񣬵ŮסһĬǽˡֻйС񡯵ĸ飬ҲҰףһ£, ׼ˡ
֮Ļǿǿϣ˸ػأŵԵĻߵļͥǳӡ
һȥܻͷܵŮ, Ҳȥˡע, ڽյ», ඼ڽ, ʺá
Ҫ, ֻΪ, Ҹʥϯ˸Ѻá
ֵҲǾŴ֮һ, λŮ˾쳣
¿Ҫڴ˳סЩӣ
Ҿ͸ûȥ, 뿪üգѾЩίܾ롣
Ů˾Ҳûʧӵĵλ, Ҳܼһ֮ϲˡȻܶ˾û棬Ѿ󵱳Լż
ǰļʽҪʼˣ˫ĸ˽׳ţһģһĸġ͸ļƷǲᱻɱٽ겻ᡣ
Ů˾ڵ󣬰ѾɵдֵͶСչûжѳ飬ǱףʥĻףǣֻҪȷ·ϣΥ飬ǻҸĻԺгȺĺӡ
̩ûӵʱĺӿȫӣһûĺûгɻ㹻ӺҲԳƵϡӵгȺĺӡ
ûкӣĻᱻΪʧܵĻûķ޲
Ϊûк飬ǻѡ/Լļ塣
֮͸ûȥˡ·߿ʼۼľ߳ڳӵ߾ֻ
֣ѵ˹ôߣȻôԷ߳Ϊǻвٻһֱء
ΪףεĻ񣬸˸ÿһ˼ҶȥʳȻǺܶ࣬Ҳ㹻Ŀڼ֧ͥŰ¡лģյףһԷ޴Ҹ˹˵
ˡ֪˭Ūģ΢ƽ֮ìܣ͹ʱ½Ҫ·һ
֮Ǿ磬ϳϣŻ¯ñѩڻһһŨ
ѵ˶񣬻ᱡһЩ·¶޳ĲӡѾѵ¶ظ߹ʺú;ơݵŮǳСĵضɢĹӵջ
Щɴµ輧Ҳ
˭֪һݡ
˹ԣֹЩ˶ʾá
ȻȱٳʶҲЩֵĿԱŪƭЩ˵ĿдϣҰĿ˹󲻻ᱻЩкԻ
Ӳǻۺ۹⣬ҲԼ
ǵԼĿ
ǵĻԼĺ
ǵľٶԼ
˾ڱϣ˹ȫᱻдƷ򶯡
ȻЩǣǵŮֻɦŪ˵輧ûһ㹻ۼ
˹ɱƱ˹ǺʯơѾƣģûк黹
ģ۾һˮе۸
˹ŮĻССռʹͬҲǾܾڵһźš
һĻſڣͭһ۾һͶߡ
׽˿Ļ£ڵˣԼûȥ
μĺܶȨƶһ㣬һЩСΪմ״ʲҽᣬʱҪʶ˹Ķ׼ǲܵġ
֪ܶ˹˼òŮֶŮΪޣҲԡȹϵﶼǿġ
Ӻδ٣˼ٳǶǺѡ
Ȼ˵˹ıֽྻ̷֮飬һأһһŮòʧأЩԼˣ궯ǲɫջġ
˹סԼ쳣ϣⲻǻôֲҪֽྻӺᣬһ嶼档
Ǽẓ̇û뵽ٳǸ񣬶һ¶ſ˼ŮӺ˹ٳţżҲ㺢档
ò¶ˣӵòȴЩҪΪԼտŮġıȴ˵ей֮޲ŮԲλ࣬ҪһͰϵԼ޴ֿ
˹Ҳһ˲ҿһ˫۷·Կ͸ǵģ˿־塣
⼸ʶǰŮȴûһʼ
һŮЩĵضԼĸ˵ÿ𴲶ھ￴Լôܻᰮϱˣ
ĸҪǾȻ벻ɡ
ʱ¶Ůʶǳ̰壬˻ŮˣΪõͳڵòѡµĵһҪأҪŮҪġ顢ǻۡҵȵȽΡ
òݣΪʲôҪϲһԶԼˣ
ӣҪŰ顣ΣŮĸ˵
飬ʧǡ
뺨վ˹ȥ»ǾƣȻȥϢɡ
ҲǾЩϢ
ᣬҶȵģˣֱһɾ˯ˣûôĹأҪȺ˵ŻȥϢϲ˹ţǶһ١
˳ССأŷƺЩ󿴵ŮŮѾ§һ𣬡ơ죬·ѵ˴档
𿴡һֻ۾ϡ
˹һֻļһ۾һߣ𿴣ࡣ
һ㲻ܵıš
ӵòںڰжܷġЩɫ/Ѭĵ˵һʱ俴⻪µӵ¡ⱻ߷ţŴӵҲҪ
ˡ
˹˱һ˫֣סЩۻ಻Ļ
һһЩֱӴˣȻϳȥ̨侲һ¡
ǵһҲͬЩùһߺȾһЦӵµָ׸Ƕ
ȻˣҲҵĻǣֻʡһֽྻζһ֡ˡʣֳɫ/ĻԽĿ
ϧõġ
˹ߵλɺΪţûкȺܶľƣ
˻Ǻѡɺܲ˼ȻˣǷֱӿȴһȾ˰ֽС
ЩˣȥϢ˹Լܵ˵
ףǷ޶˰úϣþá˵꣬ŮľƱһ
ɼպ죬ӵ׿ͳף˭Ĵ
ллӵ¡ڱŮæҵƱơ
ԽȺͻоζζζӣüͷһֱ˹߰ɡ
һСŻȥסķ䣬һֱԶԶ뿪ᣬ˹һֱϵ֡
£ûע⣬ԭӦЩʱ뿪ġ
ʧЦϺģ۾ʪЦ紺¶ĻڷҡҷҴ̫ˡǻᣬô
֪޽ɣ˼ҺúõĻŪ˷ĵĻϰס
һţ˹֪ôϰףֱ˺ͺǰ˳ˣʣ¾Ⱥħ衣ΪžǸոճˣԽܳ˵ˣǲŲܻǰ¶һ档
һᣬ
˹ɴת˻⣺ǡÿģǾЩؿȵﴺůٴ档
žΪ˸һԼڿ֮ȶȣܵˣҲûͣɡ
ţһξ͵͵ôˡ
˹֪ܣСһǾͷˣӦá
лҪ˵ƣԼ
СԼ
ԼƻԼҪӴ~


52 52 

ͣ𣿡
֪һʰ׼ؿ, ˶᲻ã³˷أ
Ը, ׺ߣ¶ϲ
ɯһ;Լӵ⣬Ӷ˵Ӱռ⼸һȻӰ롣
ȻǸԽ, ԽǴϲ̩ɯǸоһЩԡ˹˹һƬ̹ûκβеı顣
ɯ⼸ı, ȻЩȰռ, Ҳûֹ˽Ӵ, ֻĴɡ⺢׽Ѳ, ֻǽӿԼˡһס˼, Ȼ׽һЩ
ɯת, ٴγһƬĸ֮⼸ռ¶࣬ûܺúд£һε
ɫ΢죺ߵ̫ͻȻˡ
Լĸûл, ˹ɿ, ѾȫǺˮǱĸ׷˲ףһһʱߡ˹ĸףʱȴ̩١
ڶˣʱƻ
ߵеͻȻ, Ҳǲ⡣ĿͷȷʵЩ˲ˣԼҲˣȻͼɧӣ֪µʱҲвá
ЩѾ˵ĺûɫٸҲ߲Զ
ڿʱߵ˱˼飬˸ûлǰȴˡǶȿЩ뿪ҲãЩ˾ݣȻ챻ȥһѾȫˣ޺ڡ
ʱʱȴǳĸֳԵĺȵõģزѬ񶼴˺üֻ·ϳԡһʲ֪˹ĸͷԸ˵ġ
ллٳ
и硣סٳޱ˵
ɯתͷ۾ӣ¹˹ո˵ʲô
ûʲôĸס
̲סЦ˹ļ˺˹һɰ
·յ󲿷ֱͻû𴲣һо뿪˻ڶġǡͷ̽һС
䣬С˹ѵôһˣҲûдºú档
ֿˣúܿġ
⼸͵ȻһЩ棬ʱõģǺСĵչĻԼôƫȥҪϵģһȺ˼ֱСۡ
ûǿӣ˹Ҳ˵ȵ죬ٴ棬ʱֵҲÿˡ
һ뵽Լеƻ˹ڿӣһʱ򣬰ɫĻڣһƮƮǻꡣտȵʱϳ˺ɫĹʵ߻˱ϢǺɫӣҿռ߷ˣơһļǶģⲻǺܺ𣿡
˹һ㶣Ҫڿֲһ
Ż·ӣͷԡҪǺ͹˵ͬô
ֻҪ»ͬġ˹ЩӣҲЩƽ
ջ̾͵ĵ·ӭؼҵˡ˹ңһֵĺӣңҲԲ͸ʵִ
˹ôˣע⵽˹ı鲻̫ԣ㲻ϲΪƻ֢ԭԲֱֻĲ
˹عҺϲ
˹
ϲɫĻǷɫĻӣһǰɫģûӣôߣĿҲвӣ
ϲֵģҶϲ
գ˳˳ص˿֪سǹһһǻˣ̴˳šҪ飬ҲҪǾˡ
УҲѾرĴڡ
·˺٣ûУ·գ˯ҲãѾȲҪȥˡ
ţ
΢ĿΪǴϸȷж϶΢ĿСӤֿޡ
˹ҺСӤĿƿӿܣûˣûбźӵĸŮǿȴˡ
֣ôСӤĿ
ͣһ£ͣ
û³ֻȥҡѭȥһʯĺҵһ٣иϵСӤϢ΢ؿš
ǺӱôһСӤССıһֲţǳǳüëԲԲıͷۣȫճӤ
ֻǴϵģ΢ǳǳüţմһЩѩ
ССԲԲıͷ䣬ȥһ΢΢ȴһֻס󿴵˹ҡͷ£⺢Ѿˣиһܵġ
⻰Щ飬˹ĲϣˡӵǶôһ⺢ӻˣֱ˼գͷܡ
˹ܣˡ
˹С˱ԼҺҽһЩܻ󲿷ֲܻ
֪ǰ˹֪ʲô˵СʱĿùһԼղһˡ˺ͺ
͸˵ĺӣʶܸߣѡ
˹ѾǲСʱ£ѾǺѰ顣ǿߵ˹ܡ󳢵
ʹ࣬ԸƷ
˹ҲûмȣԼĶǺʵëȻ󽻸
⺢Ӱǲһôι/ԡ룬˹һ䣬ð÷տһ¡б״˵
һۣûֹöȥһᡣ
û˵˹֣ҪɣҪΪԼ
ҡҡͷεûѵޱ˼ֻ̲סеѹǺӿųãôᱻûо/Ǳɣ
˹סļ򣺡ƽֲ̿Ժ󣬾Ͳˡ
ûаο֪ƽӲ̫ù鲻ǰܲǹɳءǱֽϵһţһǲ֪ĵطһǲ֪ˣ˺ǿҵ
˹ʵҰɣܶﲻ֮𣿡ᷢ£ط֪
˹ЩԸ˫ֻõһ棬ԸֻЦݡ
ǲˣıд˿˹촽ڵЩʳһֱûֻص˼Ҵ治¶ʳľȼҲڼ٣˹ƷصճҲóȥһЩȻ黹ԽԽһЩͳȥľȼҲһЩû룬ӻѹ
ϸţ֪ʳΣ̫㣬ǸܲΣֱ
ڡ
˹˵ѰģҲԾͷŵһЩ˼ҵſڻߴ·ϣЩϣȻ̣ܲʱ򲻵òһЩһСӤһ˶Ҫ£߻ܻˡ
ǽͲ٣ֻˣ
üСӤֻҪĸ鰡ǳԵô١
ܳԵʳ̫٣û㹻ʳĸûĸ顭˹û˵ȥ
¶һЦı飬˹ע⵽۽΢죬ҪϸѾȥ
һ뿪֮ǰܼһ˵յ̫ˣѿǺûƺáǡ
˹ǧչĴǺһƾܽʵһ޷Խ
˹ֻǾӵ¹Ȼûƶ磬ƽҵҲȦ΢΢죬ΪԼ޹ص¶ı飬ᣬΪűˡ
ӽٵ䣬ѵӦֵ
£Ϊѹ
̧ͷųᶥˮ˹յ˺ܶ˸ҵǰѼӺţ͵˾תҡ꣬ѾˣȴûпʼԼĹ
˹·ˣַıϣһһ˳ţοѾúܺˡ齵Ҳ޷
Ҫ̫𣬵£ⱾΡ
лҪ˵ƣʹڣسء
Ҫȥεʱ˾ͳˡӱΪӡΪӡڳһˡ


53 53 

˹ԼǶʱľ, ٰˣꡣ, ߹ɳĮȣҲǿѡȥܶңܶˣԣĹ, Ҳⲻ¡
ʳﲻʱϵ˺׵ĺȱǣҪԼİ֮ӵ, Ҳ, δһҳΪ, زûй˱˵ɽ, øճĺûҳʦļ̳, ȴԼĺޡ
˵, ˹ЦһʦÿնҪҪ鿴ǵϣҪֻ̩, ǵ϶ѹųصĶ, ΪǼ̫̫޿κΡǲ٣ƫĵ·Ѿʧ
һط, ǳƫԶˣȴ𣬾ͻض¡Ұ
ϳ˻ı飺Ǳ˾ָʾ˵Ǽ飬ʵֻΪԶҰ·ɽ·ϡԵˣЩʦ˵Ѿյһж˳ôأһ
Щ˵飬ĵĺڰڲսʧǸûֻʳǹӸռһ໥ɳʿЩʿǲͬͥĶӡɷ򡢸ףǱǸҲӦҫսΪλɱս
֮һصѡɳķ̩սֻҲ뵽̩ûӶȨսȴ˼ġ£ҪĵѾǶǵľˡ
û˵мӵİ
ȥ֮һ¿ʳӺ㹻
󣬻Ҳһ㡮ӡˡ˹Цһ£ѾʰѸٿʼԼĴԣǰõϢ
սܲЩСԹܣҲӦùܡ
ҼǵһЩƶ˼ҵļ¼ΪÿҪһЩȼʳǡ⼸˼ж٣
Ѿٻָ˾˹ҲɢȥһЩϲлӡ
Щ켣ڽϵСɮ£ȥʰɣ˭леĸ˺ĺӡ
ģ۾һˣֻԼճϵǺֵ΢Цʮ֣صĸллл㣬˹
˹ӣܻϲֻҲǺ֣ڸĴǣţŹϢˡ
ǻصڿķӣȻѿʳһ飬µʳܶ࣬ǱġӡӣȻǰûгѬ⣬Ӳúʯͷһˡ
ǸСӤԺϾͿʼȣҩˮ֮һֱһλ곤Ůչˡչ˵úܺã˵Ը֮Ǹӡ
ӣһˣܶӵҲѺſڣΪҲҪԼĺӳΪӵӡ
죬˹߾Ϣˡõƶͥ
Ĵƽ㹻괺ĿȥЩ˴󶼾סڿǵıԵشƶߵĵط
ɷȼһҲ͵
ЩƶëĹϵĽ괯ôҵһסҲûְҵ¾ˣЩѪɱ֣С죬С͵ƭӣ˷ӣϵŮ֧ǵ˵ȵȡ
ǿƶ
ˣÿѩڻٶҪȥƶͳһǸֺܾˡӤǳƶߵĶ죬ôӭ/ĿܾǱˡ
ӵнʮ˿ڵĴУ⻹ūšūонʮˡ
ʮ˵ĴУÿ˳Ӥ٣ЩСΪָԭȥʳȱֻһ΢ԭ
µǷȡ˹˵
ղǺܶຢӶҪ飬ǳƸΪڤԤ溯ÿҪߴ
󵱼ȫҩʵ϶Щͨвҩü֮ӵֲѧҩЧ
ҩķŵȻ˰Ұ֪ͨ˷ˣһֱ˶¶Ⱥܸߣȥҩм˾ҩȡκηá
Ǽǵãҩǰٷְٵģûҩ֢Ҳԣûõġ
ҩ׼͵ľȼʳҲ׼ˡкӳҺҴҪͥʮѵģнһǧ˼ҡ
Ů͸Ϲһǧ鲼ӣõ˼µͨ鲼Ȼ÷ӥӡӡı־˹˵ЩСͲˡСɮ°ҰͣлУֹװʳĳ
ÿװʮĸɶӣﲻϸĥۺһС鼸Ѭ⣺һҪ˵Ǹӵģʳˡ˭˺ӵʳʹȡ
иεļСɮɫǺ죬׷Ӧǡ
ۣһˣֲ˶٣ǶһСӣܾǾʳһЩӺȥϣЩĸҪ̰ģҪẢӵ
ġ
ʵˣֵܼû߶ӵģ۰ӵĸĸֻҪһϣǻϣԼĺܰ졣
˹ϵķӦһЩϢʵѾкܶຢڱѩ·ߵġ
ţһһţĳӡѩ·ϡһγȥķճߵķȻ෴ȥƫԶƶͬСɮ´ŸԸĳŸƶȥ
ƶ߽ǵĽ䣬ʧȥصũС͵/ŮͱĵطһûôķӣһСſݻƵĲݣǻɫǽЩطˣֻľ嵲һ¡
˶죬ƶûˣûкܺõķʩҲû㹻ľģһ˼һ𣬿ССĻѣȡů
ϼһչޣˮһĶûκεĵζϣֻˮһϡĶһʳûůӺҲûгʳʱƶߵĶճ
ÿ괺죬ﶼֺᷢܶȥʱˣںģһ̼жģڼġ
ͼֲ֡˻ܿ챻ȥ⣬ᱻ˵Ұ޵ߡһҼڶˣô߹޺ϵ·ᱻƶߣӺܿµˡ
µˣ֮Ķֽظ֮ǰ
ЩˡڳϵСɮ³һöˣЩ߷߲ƽ˵ӵ¸ЩͶǰԼ˶ֲءӵ̫ʴˣܱЩƭˡ
ЩСɮ´ŮĺӣǸݵ΢һҲܳΪʽļʦΪ󣬼˴ٹˣԱľ
ͷԴȨǰƶǰȫȻһס
ԲСɮ¾еĵ͡ʶһЩϵС죬ûʲôǰȨȨƵǰַС͡
֪ӵĴڣֻܷӵģǸѡŮݣȶǲġû뵽ĺǰԸһڴҬ棬Ǻεȵҫ
ӳÿôУôᣬ˵ô
Сɮ»ζӵһУ뵽ӺԼ˹ȴΪƶЩС棬ЩԸرļʡĺҲֵӵһôණ
ʵ඼Ҫȼˡ
ֲҲţĶӵյūһһ£ô׳һͲǡҪǸΥӵ˵׼Ȳ𷣣Щūֱ䣬ͰǸˡ
Сɮº˼ʱ򣬵һ˼ҵˣţͣ
Сɮÿһľͷ©Ĵţںģ߳һϸݵˡ
ӺСһ۾ͿԿĳһССģĻѣΧżˣͷ׵ˣһźӵŮˣһСѾͷ
֮⣬ĴûУǼͽıڡ
˶߶µعͬƲ·֣̿󡢴ˣ
Сɮ²ͷصݸһ鲼ӵ¸ͶǸӵӷۡЩɶӣ⣬ǡЩǸ˷ųԵģӵµĶͣҪ㸶κδۣǱӣԳԵӵʳ
˵ӣѹûȥӣΪʲôʳǴϷķ
ӥ
ԽƶˣԶԽǶϹϾûκεʣСĽӹҪмԷʹͣȴ벻ʲôĻ̧ͷ׼˵ЩлѾˣţҲˣѩǵ·ۼ
ʲôҪս𣿡˶䲻ãΪҪøӣһš
лҪ˵ƣжҪı磡
СԲзۣһ

54  54 

ȴ鼤һѶС, , һʯͷϣķ, ӵ¸Ͷ, ҪǮ, ʲôҪ, Ͷˡ
鲼, ͷȥ, ۣôϸûǸǺӵġ, Щɶӣһô, ɹô, ݿ˵ö󰡡ⶼǸǵġõҲܺãһء
ץһѶӵݸŮˣŮһ˫ֺ£Ų, Ҳ¶ϲı飺, ЩӺܺ, ͷܴ󡣡
ȻЩת־͸ˣķԡ
˿Ķ, Ż⿴˰, תϱһ, һС
СǵĴŮѾʮˣ֮ĺӣûסֱȥһǿǿڡ˶СӲʲôϣ궬̫Ѱˡ
£ۣѹȴܼᣬ˵ЩӳԡЩӾͲˡ봺첻ԶˣķܻҲǶܻ
һϸĥۣļҲʮֶݣӻҪӼ޴룺һʯĥĥۡ
ʯĥ֮󣬿ͳ˼ٷĥֻҪһʳĥܶඹӺӣԼˣҲûȥĥҲûԹĥôϸۡ
ôϸۣɺͺСĺҲܳԡ
ľȼѾˣÿһɶӣͳˣΪʲôЩ
˸˻ˣ˲ױһóƺɫ޹⣬֪ʲô⣬ƴһ飬зݣ⣬ӵ¸ǵ⡣
˼ңӳ󼸺û⣬ûдأûԺѼҲû׼İ취Ҫ⣬ֻܿԡûдԵֻ˵ֲһصĲֻаٷ֮ʮĿڴ㶫ҪһˣǸû⡣
Сһ£ҧµ˿еζһ˵Ũ㣺ԭζ
һ¾ˣݸӣǶ
һ˰ѬСҧһ飬һ̾ͺԵʲô˲ιһǿϵСȱڣҲǼ̶С
Ҫñ˷֡ϵָŶϱ
ŵǸҪƹòŵ档Ǻ⣬Σÿʱһ㣬ζһ飬ǿԳԺܾáʴȵӣһǵԸ
һ̣ĸлλؼʱǵݳӣȻѹ֪λĵӳʲôӡ
ͬʱ͹е¡Ȼ˹˵С±һͿԣǾʽһá
ҲǿţǴģϴζԷĺںԼҲֻʣӣһӳȥһײ˺Ͱ߲ܲ˱ⶼ
ºܸ˵ؽӴ˿ůڵĻ𣬳ֿף˳˵ԼҪڴ顣
ҲͽˣʾҪջĹʵƣýķʽָ㹤˺СҲû⡣
仰ᣬ֮ġ˵˵ţ˵Ļ£ʾ԰Լ谮Ĺ޸
һǸСʮ꣬Сѧޣףлˡ
ҲûŮŮ˾٣ƫƫ˭׽¾źʹԼ˹һģϵ̷ߣĽྻ
ӹĽǶȿ޲ٶģŷġ
ǻת׵ֲϡ
ض֮һֲףЩ֮ǰֶأҲˡ޻ֲػҪһЩﻹֵӵҲ׼Ϊĳ֣رøһЩ¼ƻٿһЩس
׼һЩʲô˵ԼѾ¶С괺Ҫֶӡ
СߣԻʳѹҲаⶹӺʳֿԱطҪֵĲӥ춹߲϶һֶӡ
¶ԶӲȤҲԶӡԶСͱطİ취ЩȤС¿Եĳɹַķȴܺܿϣ֪ʲôطİ취𣿡
µĺܶΪ˱ַһΪһΪʹá̩٣˵٣ֻʺӵ٣Ϊոˮʺ̩ҵ
ЩͲĸأΪ˱֤һҪݸһ꣬ԲҲо޴Ӱ졣
аһ𷢽ͣһϡ˽ൽֵϡҽ׼ôˣûȷϡ͵ı
ࣿ³һڱ͵ĹûôིԾǾһ£ʣֶܷ˼׼ԡ
Ƚճɳ֪ˡΪҪһʱȥͣ¿ȿǽ¿ѵϣطǿԿʼ޽ޣڽطҲȷʵš
ʼԥ״̽ʣ°ίиң޽޺͹ϴˮءǴУз·ϲøɾˮԴĵطһᱻ̳ȥΪµ¡
ҪģȻģô˵ҵ£
һ֪ĶˣЦֻˣͷǱµģʯǱµģȻǱµ¡ˮҪ˿غʹɨǼ򵥹ļһЩϵƽֻҪĹʡ
ܵϵҲ׬Ǯˡ
¾˵໥ȷ
һ˵ֻһߺϰسش֥ʿ׾ȻԶҪ壬ζԣ̲סڣ˷ֱˣ¡
¶²ҲԱˣ޲죬ԱŮŲˮϴ֡
ɹˣҲ԰ַİ취ȥʳ˳й⡣˵
׼ʱũ¹ٹȥЭԿֲСٿǸϵҪĻǻƽ̩õĸؽϱҪ١˵ƽҲɽغԵֲ̩˶ܸлӡ
ǹҵĻǽƽ¡
Ȼ˵ʳ⣬Ҳ˳˵һԼȥƶʳ顣Ǹ˵𣬵Ͷϣڻȡˢȷʵʱǳ嶯ˣֻûڰˡ
ûлɣǰɵڳɹ˭ʥ˽ΪһӵͶһ㲻֡
ҰɣˢҲӦˢЩбȨȨˣˢƶʲôã
ʱ˻ǲЩģģָоûϵͳ۸ĵҪԡ
ֶҪںһ£ӰѶʳ˳ȥûжơˡ
󣺡ǣͳȥֻһС֣ﻹʣӣҲϲơơ
⵹û˵ѣͳȥĶǶӣӻʣ²١ұƶ͵ĸ״һ㶼ϲ
ǹš
ΪһͰѾƵˮȵ̩ˣԼˣΪȫ˶ӦϲȾƣ˵ԼϲǶûѼӲʳͳȥˣ˵ԼϲȾơ
ԣ׼ߵʱ򣬹ӣͳȥĻࡣŪоԼȥȥǮݼҴݡ
ҲУĥųǻǲʩ༸գȰѽ갾ȥףײ˵Ӿûôˡ
ӼԼеģʩ㹻ˣȥҲвʣ¡һʣµͳȥͲˣȼѵĶͶ˲󣬶ϰߡ
治ϲȾơȻһЩѿǣ

55  55 

ѿǣΪŻ
СʱŻԼֵŴѿؽֽ, Сؼǰ, Žſ, Ȼʱʱﱻһ֭ѿ֭ճֲǹ, ӽ֭, һֱɰɫ塣
ڸ߸żϽѿ, óҲ, Ҳ󲻶ģоҸĻ䡣
ѿҪõŴ, ûУ棬һЧ, ֻɫһ㡣
óһӵˮݹ, 鲼, ˮȴѿ
֮ϸĵŮÿעˮʪӣСѿ׵ʱ, ˶ܾȡ
𣿶ַҲԷѿ, 컹Զһ߲ˡָӳŮǰ̳ϴɾ, ȥûзѿĺͻ, ʣµ顣
һ, ѾϹ, ó΢һ㣬¸һЩʱ򣬾ͷ磬ȡ󽫽õչϸӣúޱ£Сʱ
磬ͷͺˡǵһ鲼ڴڴˣšëһ֭Һ
֭ҺǷ֣֭ҺȣϽ裬ˮɢȥľճѿǡ
վڱϿһҪСľһѿǵǽ
˹ڱҸС£ճҺСľϲϱת˿һͳֳ״
𣿡ԼĵһƷι˹ߡ

ûԵǿţ˹;ˡȳԵȻ
ôڴؿ
𡣡˹ʵ˵
Сľһ㣬衣Ҫģζȴ˹ڱϵһһ¾õζ
ѿǵĴɹɢ˶ŴƣȥЩѾ޷صȥѾȥ׷Ҳû塣һ룬ôһһǵʲô취԰ƶ
Ѹ˳Լ飬ԼһֱڸСҪȥΪʧȥˣϧӵеġ
ӣ˲ѿǣ˿ɰɫ״ЩѿǱˣ䷽һװͬľ͸˴Ǻ͹ˡ
ֻλ٣Ҫӱ͵֪һ쳾֦
̩ϷƫȴܳҬĵط˵ܳȴˮѾǲȥǱһЩϷˮ֪֦ܳأâҲ԰âҲóԡ
Ժܶ˷ֵѿǣСС飬ǳζ
̩ûǣʱûǡ
ζԴǷۺˮҲһЩζյ˶ǳϲȺʳļλǰѿڻϡݵ˺ֵֹܶĳԷ
մͳֱӳԡѿǡ͡塢ɺ͹ѩ֣һǿһѩ֣Ե÷һ¶ʵݡ
Ҳʱ˹Ǹʳߣǵʱܶࡣǰص̫ˣΪʳ٣Ҷٶеʳأûа¶
˹ϲʳǾ͸һˡ
֪˹ʲôʱأʱ˶ûйյĴͳԼնǲãһϲ
ѿǵҪõӺףֻһΣ֮Լһӣ붼͸˹
һЩˣ˿ǣԺкܶǿԳˡ˹˵
ʵҲûô𣬴ǡݼڡ˹һǲ˵ҪûаԽߵİ˹ΪҲϲԼˡ
ֻѾܱƫأǱϲϣǸʲôоأ
⣬ңԶҲ֪
ֻ֪ǰ˹Ѻ͵𣿾ȻΪѺ͵̶ȣ
Ϊ˹Ϊ̳ˣĬĬ˵ʱһλһ購ѡūӵ˹˹Ҳݸĸ˺ӽıǮ
ⱲҲ·ߣȴûô򵥡
˹ʱѾõǸϿɣ˳
˹ǸδӹСյһһȫµݣһѵū۵ݡ֮ǰСһֱ֪Լʦæʲô
˵÷ƵҲΪǺ׵潻
ԣո˹ȡΪǸӡ
ߵģҲߡôš
˹ȴЦһûôףûпԴǸĶҪһӣôûĸ׵ӣûбҪѡ͵ġ
˹˵ûǸŮ˼ֱβҶ˹мһˡЦ롣
˹ȥûкӵɣֻһҲǺܸҲûʲô谮ӴӦˣκǰ˹ȢĵһӵֶŮ
˹ԼһλȻ󻻻ͨݡ
ղܽܣ޿κΣ˹Ϊ֪Ϊʲôܾ˹ûǰôˡ
ʵľɥڳϱɳ޵ȼϡΪʲôô򵥵飬Լ߾ôѣ
󡭡ҧгݵغ֡
̩ĻƽҪֲ̿ˣǱǱġ˵˹ǻΪһǻһӣбĺõӡǾףװ˱ˣǽ˹Ҳ
̩Ūһӣֲûֻһ˵ŮûнǮҲûȨơŪӣҲûؿֲڱģܱʵ顣
̩ӣһ仰׾ֲ̩̿˵ףǵݾǻķ
ûнָһʵеĸôһͳΪʲôӣ
ҲĽָ˰ڲ
̱ڴϣСʹʹŤġԼִʱ򣬻˵ЩʹŮ˶ֻǽ顣Ƿ˼ǼⰹֶĵŮ塣
յĸھ˹޹˹סԭĵطƫƧƾɵһ
һĸûĴ̵õ߽ݾΪǰ·ڿû浽޴ˡ
ǰտ̽ӵϢ˹˵˻ƽ£˵Ϊū޽ӵ£˵һֳֿŵֲ֯ͱů̽ᵽǸ˹Ǵټ̳ߣӳסһ޼䡣
˹֪ԼΪʲôô̩ӡ
ֻԺָоӦûôһˣʲô㣬ɫΪ㣬ͻȻú˳ֻпֵ顣
̩ӣǸˡ
ִʵ˹оʮʹࡣ
˹
΢еתůڳʱʼֲӣѡһӣ綼Ǵ磬䣬һļ㹻ߡ
ӣ粻رҲһ׶ֱʮʮЧָ߶ȵʺϲժӣҡ
ٸū±ӣڶʱʼڿӣһһĿӣϴɽĸֲůֵúڿľ̶ܹ
ÿΧʯͷΧһȦ׸ߵı㡣
ѲߵҲ֪ҪЩ磬Ϊ˸ıѲߵ·ߣҪ߹ӣĴ
ЩֺˣЦ˵
˹æµūͷ󣺡£պҪ뿪һˣҪһ²ܻ

56  56 

ҪȥĶʡ
ȥҹѲһ顣ĻҲȥƳ, ĳСÿ, ˹ҪһԼϽ, ȷһжĿƷΧڡ
ļ򣺡ȥɣȫȨҡӥ͸ð, һֱôأǿкһʧ, һΪѿĵӡ
˹ȴ˽, һۿǵʧ, ̲ס˵һȥصģ, Щ֮ǰ
ԼĲҪΪı䡣
٣ȫоͺܿ졣˹˵
µӣƤ, תͷ˹ʲôʱ򣿾ʱӡ
˹֪ԼʲôʱӵķʽҲȽϴֲڣҼǵǶġ
ͷ, ˡ
˹
˹ʼ׼ŵ, ҲйҪ𹫲޽͹ˮص޽
ԴһȦÿֵٻ˼, Ŷ, ճ˿ڶ١һбϸ¼ֽϡվݱռ, ٽз, ֪Щط˿, Щֵ
ÿյȺܶȰŹ޵;롣
ҵҪ޵ĵط, ĸ׺Ӹܶĸ׺ⶪͷ㣬ԺᱻֹרŵѲ߶ӣǻԶ͵㣬ĸ׺㵹ץסͷ
̩ʿʣȫһ͵ϱѲ߶ӡûеʿߣǸȫȣʺЩСԼҲ͵ʿ
Ƚ鷳ʵǹˮصĽ衣
̩йˮϵͳģͨõƲԴͷˮһ׹ˮϵͳֻȨõ𣬱ıԺֹˮϵͳܻߡҪƽҪȥĸ׺Ӵˮáĸ׺ˮҲûԴͷˮɾ
ҪһеĹˮأ͵һӦȫǵĹˮϵͳͨĸ׺ˮáʱֻ·˿ԴӹˮػԸɾˮ̩ƽҲܻݡԺڼſڴˮˮ϶ر࣬㹻ճá
ȻôǺʹۻߵģһ׹ˮϵͳۼߣҪȥ
дһ棬޽ˮϵͳֳ֣һһĿ꣬ɡ
棬ҪʿΪѵһ֣ҲũʱӶũΪ䡣ֲ׺󣬲ȫΪʽ㡣ϸһ㣬һ֧֧Ҫڲһ飬һЩȲ˵˵ްҪʹõˮࡢʯ壬;ԲСĿ
Щˮʯ壬ǹ𣿾ֵ֡
Ϊ˽ͳɱԽһְĳ
ôҲԶ׼ģȣĹʩˣԷ̩
Һ׼޻޻޲£ԺпȡëĵλΪó׵ҪޱʾԼпԲǵֲ˵ԺΪƷ˻ᱻȻѻ̩Ϣһȥ
ԣΪƸ߿ĵλྻĳϵͳбҪ
ӳԶ޹ˮϵͳڱס
±˵ˣȻƤһֱǲǿϿɡҲ̩ʱ򣬳䣬
ƻôͨˣǸˣĹʯˮ칤ٵȣȫ
󰵰һ⻹ֻǸտʼ
æµʱ򣬱ԺҲûš
ʯһʯΣͷ֮䡣ֲܴڵӣǿϢ÷ǳɾ᲻ӡ̫̫ױ˵ԡ
սҪһЩµСӡСƿӣװճҩװҩװ˾ǰһ䷽ҩЩҩ͵ȥ
˺ܶҩһȥֻһС֡ϢƽÿʮҩЧҩӦ޷Ӧһӣһ˾䷽ҩˮ
һЩ˾ӼҪģרƼļ˾
ˣҲûЧǶԷոðãٱȱκøнһҩúܶܶࡣ
˴ҩҩ䷽͸ðҩһʧȥ˼ܵĸЧЧ
ΪһС͵ļͥרƷҩˡԺҩĲͿΪƷ͵̩ص۸Ĺҡ
ҩ䷽ѾͳȥʱҩѾҩҩġ
Щȥһ˹͵СɽǱǷʺֲҩʣԺҩֲˣˣ̩ط˶˳õҩԴˣҲƾƳĳƷҩվȽŸ
СɽģҩģҩҵҲġ
һ֣Դﵽ˫ӮĽ֡
ҩ·ǳأҽοչʾһҪĵ㡣һͺС߰ĺӱɵߣ˵Ҫѧϰ
󣺣
Ǵ˾ҺԺǴٵĵӡ˹̲סһ䣬²صģЩӶԼĹܼҺˡңǸѧϰҪһأֵġ
˵ˣЩԤ۵ġмδ˹һӱΪ̳ˡǸѧϰΪʦֱӰӵ˼ӵδҲһϡ
δٵĵӣҲ˹ĵ𣿡
˹Цһ̫ᣬ˴٣ҲҪʮŻῪʼյӡ
ʱЩʽ̳˵ȷ˹ܶ࣬˹ЩʦֵҲ˹һЩȻСͳΪ˴ٵļ̳ˣǡΪ
£ʲôô˹󿴵òڡ
ֻͻȻã˹
סһȺ֮ʣ෿ԾͰˣһʼԺûߣһ͹ðɡ
ˡ
˺ӣ˳ҲѧˣһѵʳЩѧʵѾ˸Ʒп׵ĹܼҺ˸棬ȫҪĿˡ
ĵһҴҼһ棬ССкŮһ࣬űҪ鷳ӻ߲ҪӲ֮ġ
˹СʱҲһ𣿡̲סô룬ǿЩӾͶһ㡮ѡ⻷
ʵû취Լǽ̵һϣͰ£ǵԴϣȫͷСͷҪһˣܿͻҿȹһϤһ»
룬а÷װǵĺӣÿӷһѿǡ齫ĴСһȦ۷ֹճ
ȻЩӽˣԼ˹ȥɹŬ·еĿӶѾӣ
Ҫǣ˹Ҫ뿪ˡ
䣬·ϻûˣֻźĶ·м䴵硣
˹ȥڵĻǾĵġµ粢ߴïеˣɫҶĺۼ
վһɵϡ
˹һȥҪһ£û˴ɽһļ˾漸¡
ȻԼе㱻Сûоܾ
˹Ҫˣ˵𣬾ָ·˵ɫСƬĻǷѩЩһһŵƣһϲġ
Ȼ˹˵ֵģô᲻ϲ
˹ְɫǲǻΡ

57  57 

˹뿪ڶգʼ׼ʩ¡
ֻҵĹŴʷ, Щֻ, Щ˼ΪԱҲΪʾԼΪ, Ҫ༸գչһ, Ƕɹѹ, ʵʵڵƾ١
, ЩĻ󰮵ҽ, ڿϰ𲡵£;ȥβ, ɲ׬ǮҲҪȥ¡
ҪʩͰһԴʱġ˺ܾãžʩ
ʩ, Ϊ˹͸¶ڶתļ, ƽ߻һˡǻҰ˻û, ʳֳˣȴҪȥأȥ, ֧, ˾͵ˡ
Щǲ, Ҳ͵, ǻȥ
ܰҲࡣ
ȼѾͳȥ, µĳӺͿ, ֻһҪƵġ
˾ְҪ̷飬µһҪƣĹȣǲʩ
˾ԼԲҲƵġƲϣԼ˾˵ܰǹͨ顣˻úܿЦǾǺˣȥ˾ŵģƿȥ
ѸĶ̫࣬ҲЩ˱裬ԼʲôҲҲжԡ
ҲǾ˼ȷˡʮʩ࡯ƻ
߻ʣһЩʳǳžҲãɴʩࡣʮգÿһ٣ǰʮ졣
ܸ˼ҽΪԵļͥѩ̿
֪֮ҲʳǱʾӦûһơƣܲơ·ǳʣڸǼ꣬Ƕûоһľƣʳóնɹѹء
һ㸴ӣδȰ˺һǲ֪Ӱ쵽ǡ
񿴵̩۹ŲŤתδķƫת
ƽˣһơǶô˵
Ҳ֪ܲơŴ׾ƣ׾ƺͻɫĻƾơЩͬŻģʱ֣ѧˡ
ԺŴ׾ƣǸһ£
ʩඨˣ֮󸽼ӵġ
ִ󲡣𲡡ܶಢƵļûƾϳɴ󲡣󲡾͵Ȼһͥûһܻٵһͥ
ԣһƾҩ֪ʶļ˾ǼѸ˿
ʵݣ˾һǰ䷽ҩ˳໥һ£ٽҽѧչԴԺҩгĴţͬ˫Ӯ
ʮյɹˣԺǹ̶ҽƵˡ˿òܸߵļǮȡЩƷҩļ˾ơ
ӣֺõĵ죬·˶ƽߵҲżءǺױϳһľʯͷӲľũߣŲڻʮֱϣֻһ㵥¡
ٿʼһҼҵǼǣ˶ˡ
طãƶ߾ͶˣʱһҶȴûκ˷֡
ʱɳСɮ£ǿʼպ̫ƫʩ飬صǿƽƶߵˡ
֮ǰù˺׾ţ˻ǰŰɡ
ѸԵģβĻô
ʽʩһգԺĴδˣ˶ʼæ
ʺȥ̫ƫ
˶һЩζһЩһҶάغηָ֡ӳʳ
ƫĳ죬Ѿӵʮ̨ʮ䣬Щ̨Ϳ䶼æµعš
ʩĶѾϴ˼ңǼﻹʳļͥԶ̫áʩɳӵľٶͺֵóޣԳֹ˵һҪˡ
ĲҪǶ̭ƷһЩˡ˸ɡ̲˺ζ
ĲȴǸɶӷۻһĥۡ
һĿڸжƲϺá
ĲҪζһƷһʵĶϺͶѿŨúˮһһֻһƬˣ΢ᡣԼһڣ˵úȣǿҲȥ
¯һһĶҲͣȻûκεζϣҲЩӲǿûؼңˮﰾɺһ˵Ķһɺ㹻һ죬ζѵڸҲһ㡣
һ¯￾ΪӺ׼ġȺкӺˣ͸/̫Ӳˣˡ
£ЩôһһһߵһˮİײԵҲ㡣
ֻҪҲҪ̫ζˣ㹻ġ
һߺ˵Цһҧһ̫æˣûͣУעһЩȺˣȥԱߵӣЩ˾Ƕء
·ģ֪ġ˹˾˵ǸɫƤĻӣͷжͷ
һ䣺Ҳעһ£ҪһΡ
õģ¡
ƶߣŻ̵Ķӣಽظڰĺ档
ûдЬŶˣѺ۱µƤҲǲѺۡĲ𲻹ǳȥ˺üμЩ֦ǿ˶졣ǳ˵طһߣǾ͹ȥˡ
˭֪ⶼ봺ˣͻȻʼ̡
̫ıϣһӣ˵Ϊβȥԡ
ڰ̩һһͳˣϸĸšŮ͸ճĶӣһڡΪ˵ҪѷʳһƬȥ˺ܶࡣҲǲҪƭȥȻ˵˺ܶū
ǰ̩ĸ߰Ӷ͹һζһۣɶӺ⡣ܶСӵ˼Ҷյˣһʴȵӡ
ΪһҾʹ˹ǣȥһԡ
ˣǼҵĵֻкСһ飬û̫ʱȥڳһҲ¡
·ϵİ࣬ѾСˣͻôһӡ˶˵Ϊ֮ǰѼߵĺΪжĳԳͷ
ͳȥΪūΪ澣˵ܻڼܾҪˡ쿴ʱ̸۴ڽӴ̫ݳޣԼкһ㲻ϣҪǼŮһֱޣҲһˡ
뻨һ۾Ҫô飿
ʵڲеʱ򣬾ͰѼΨһһͷĸˣβ
ÿս˹еĶӣǿкӸлһĸоʳˣһ˾͸µĶӺһ
ʱժЩ۲Ҷô졣ȥһӲˡͷ˵һȥȲҲˣ˭Щأ
·񰢼˼Һܶ࣬ҵﶼûбʲôϣЩǣɰѳԲⶪˮҲ͸ǣЩӾƣ̩ĹȾƣһƣһӡ
һȻС·ͷ˱ֱһЩҶ󲿷֦ͺͺģ֦ͷѾЩۻɫӰӡ
ˣ˰
ףô
ϵһһĳ֣˷ʡʱô̵ٶȣҲʮӣͿһʯ
µһǲ֪ʲôʱһƯСӣⱲӵһӡǵȴſףûѾᵽʳ
ʳѾǸ
ڴ׵ıмͭĸߴˣƽʱǿһԶԶرÿʱҶ̫ˣǶöֿ־壬һ۾һ˹ȥֻ֣ʳʳʳ
һһҪһŵ˴غȵ

58  58 

̫ˣʱȴӿ, ҲʳһԱ
Ϊ, в, ҲֻһֱſˮԹԵ𳤶ӡһЩ, ɷԶ, ȴʵû׷Ȱ, ܲ
ź, ûõӦﵣĶ, ûע⣬֪ͽŶӵĶ顣
𣿡
˴ˣ׼ϲһײ˵Ʈһײ˺һƬ, ðȲһڣ**֭, ֻǳԹԭʼɬ߲˵˶, ζ
ôϴҲζġ
һȭͷ󡢱ƽӲġҧȥеĶ, ҧֿ顣
ôȺһݵ˺š
˶ע⵽һ
һ, ׺ݵŵǱʱ, ֵҵС, һӳȥ, ʱȴǱס, ȵӵµ˺ͺһʳô˺ͺӣ
˶ʣ˲Ҫ֡
˾ͿЩ˺ͺȻСɢŴζ⾹ȻһǳԵְ
ע⵽ЩǾ˺ͺ뿪ԵЩԼġ
ˣҼҲһӡһת۾
ֻǲͷȥϱ£һ룬㡣
һǰΪβģѹûʲô룬öͷĺˣˡҡû롭
رһͲˣᶼˡڵʵ߲ˣһӱ
û룬ûˡֻһ
·תû뵽ܵһǧлȻ󱻺漱͵˸ȥһߡ
һ֣ǱԻһһҧȥӲܸɣϸ˵óԣǰˣһҧĶĥţԽԽ㣬嶼
ôóԣأЩǺȵö㰡˵ζܺãΡݳޣεͣǺܶ˶ܾûԹεĶˡ
Լ̩Ȱ档
󰢼ֻڶǿջ󣬰ʣ´ڴҪŸźͺӵġȺԼţΪ׺ݵҲҴһϸŮˣҪҳһźӵŮˡ
ʱźӵİѾʳǰ
һǸݹһŮˣһ˵ĺӣӵµҲˣ𣿡
ǡŮһſˮһߵͷһĺߺߡ
һһȻһһֱؿϷһˣȥ˾ǡ
ȵʳرߣʱҲǣҪȴס
һ˫ۣɷ
վסٿɱ㡣ӵºͼ˾Ǹа˿ڵĵط˲
ŵ⣬亹Ȫˮһ뵽źӣǹˣҵźӣҽȥɣҵĺӵȼѾһˣǻ¯һ̡
Ҳͣ֡
㽫ŹˣȥȥѺ͹ȥ
û뵽ӵĵһһյĺӣһȺ˾һȺֽʵС˾ߵ׼õӣ߱߷ԸǴ
ߵһεķ߸СľԴһŽ׸ɾ鴲òݵͷ
һߣһҲˣսսģҴ
ţѺӷŵϡº͵羪֮ĸĸ
򸾿Ѿɵˣ˾ǡݵľż㶵ؽӷŵһŴϡⴲܸɾ˶СģŪˣֽŶ
ڴ£ӵĶͷȷˡ
ӣ㻹𣿡Сʡ
⺢۾һ룬Щٶ۵ؿһۣԵúƣҲܷ
ãûԣʶ
һľŻѿһ㣬Ȼϵĺӣӣſһ¡
ľѹЩܵķθϽһۣе㷢ס˾Ҳһۣ׵ıʲô֡
Ϊ⺢ӿŲֻ̫Ǽջ˱ľŵһߣ˸ϴá
ȥһɾ鲼ë̺ˮóһЩһЩ
ɵطԸˣְ˾йԼȥȥжӵ
Щ˾зḻƾģǵȻǷȣĴַЩһûףҲι
Ըգ̩صƷǣñˮû壬ιˮȻȴʱЧġ
һ˾Щɵʣ£Ҫף𣿡
ףﻹҪģҪ̫ûƫʱ䵱šοãû߰ģǿƵЧá
˵ļ˾ˣӱ˾ǿףﻹҪһΣ
˾۵֣ѹʵ֡
һԵİ򸾾ľͷֻǴؿŷˡ
òһӵһ򣬹ںͰ̬һô˾С˾һ˵ڼҵײһʱԻӵĲҲ˲ϡ
ܿë̺鲼ˮ͹ë̺ϡȻ鲼۵ãˮݣšɷŵǸӹ̵Ķͷϡ
һûôˣҪ½šɷڶͷϡһֱ¶Դ˺Ҫ콵¡⣬鲼մˮöҸѡֽ׳ĵطɢȡˮĴ̼̫ǿˮʡ
˾һ߼¼һѯʣҺ⼸ݺݶһЩҽѧ֪ʶֻûаϷҽ鱳Դ󲿷ܻش
ң˵ģʱҽѧĮ΢еʶִ˶֪ĻʶȴǸѧʡûʲô⣬Сѧ׶԰СѵּӼ
Σܱ˻˿Ĩţǿһ㡣
һˣԷһ㣬⺢ӷһ㣬Ͽһ㣬һ㣬ιӡ࣬һС룬ι۲һԷ񻹺ãһ˾ҩù
Скιҩι˸ɾˮȻϢҩһյĳ˲Ҫ룬ٴμ֮ķ
ιҩ֮ǰò˳һ嵭ʳǲҪιţ飬ƻҩԡϲСĳ˶ݵĲˣºιһЩţ飬ţԻⲿֶԡ
˾Ƿ׷׼£֪˸ܵʱιţ飬ʱԻʹʱܡ֮ǰ֪ΪʲôҪιţ飬֪ˡ
ͼ˾˵֮תǶԷ򸾣ͷϵ鲼ǵûˣιԵ㶫ˮҪϲҹҪúӳȥͷ䡣
һֱͷǣ¡
˵İɣӻõġһ˶һĥ
ǣ¡
һֱһȺ˶ˣǻͷ˵ǡ
ֻʣһڣôӣʯͷһƽغǽ棬ˢ˰ףкܶͨڣһ˿紺ĺ紵ϣѣ򸾷γѡ
ţԶԶԽļޡ
˶ģǲڴϣ鲼ϵ·ãҲȥڶϵë̺ôôס
ڵϣСĿŶɵŴ
ӵ°ð죬³һ䡣
˲ֱӣԼǲӵľģֻĸм;ǸӰ仯øãɢŹâһС̫
óڴİӵ¸ģԡ
ҡҡͷһء
ţǶӡСӣиӵԴ϶ܺõġоϵʯ񱻰һ飬ˡ
ιҩ̺ӡŷɿһ䣬˵ĸм
ЦЦţ̲סһԼıӡǴ漣ģһ˲䣬ͻȻһϣĶӻвһˣ汲ţһ߳
æµʱ˹ҲûţҪµĺµתһ飬ϸȻŽľ幤
˶Ǵһкһ˹ǰͳˡ
׼߰Լתһ飬Ȼµغͷءһ˶ҹ̣Ҳһ¡
µѾ԰ȶڿ︽˹һȦ͹ˡ
ҪִƬϣ˵ҪӪɰҲɣ԰Ǳ߶רſճһϡ
ԸϵºȥԼϽĸ˵ؼ˾Ͻ˵ûġ
˹õСԼ˾һȻҪǽֲףӺˣջ׷֮һ񣬲ṩӶһֲ
Ȼ˵Щ̫ˣǳ
˹ͣȥһطֻ˵Һּ鹤һξ㹻ˡ
ڸʲôأ˹ϣһֻţһֻȻ´ųᣬˮϵſ֡
ĲԶΧӡǳſӺžƣ̸Ц˹γŴ˲࣬һаٵĺ֡
ˣҪЩһ鿾õ⿿˹
˹ְǸ֦£Ҫһ㣬ݴԴֵ졣
˹꣬ʲôûһǲĦҶ쵽ϣȵ˭

59  59 

ش˹ǴӲݴзɳһ֧һϣ
̫ˣ˹Ѿγ, һ, ǼѾɵǰ˹̵ֱ۵ķ, Ҫֱ۵ֱ֧Ƥʻ, Իһ, ؿ˵Ҫá
ˣһߵ׼˹
ݴѾõĵҲһ, ͭ¹·Ĺ⡣
˵ʱʱ, ˹Ѿһ׼ϵıʯȴԼˡ, һ͸Ĺܳǰ
ǵƹһĶͭͷһײȴײ˴ʯ˺ݺ, ȻֱӶѡ
˹ͿһĻĵ˶סˣʯһ
˹ܿ, ϵļͷͿ˶, Ӧĳֶ˹ûʱϸ룬˿ɱȥȫ£
˹ɫ䵶, һһ, ˵ͭ׾ͱг, ǱҪ, ȴǸˡ
ֻɱ, ûбɱ, ֱ۸˰
ʵ̫ѧˣԽԽǵӣȴһԽɱԽ¡˰Ƭϣʣ°Ѿʧȥֿ־ܡ
ˣ⡭СؿǸ޷Ĺܡ
˹Ҫ˵ʲôϵһűʯȴͻȻˣĩڵϣҲʧ
ˣΪԼԭһС
˹ȴЦˣָʯʧµİۣ᣺ǵҵ
ӵ£ˣˣıֻ±¶ûء
ʲô
ʳڣ˹¶º͵Цݣָվҳʱһգҳϡ
˹һҪţԡҲ¡˹Լ뿪գôӲģЦһ±øˡ
һЦջȥΪȱһűʯ
ġϵȻͱЩˡ
ڻϽͣˣıѰӵҲиģһܱ֪Щǲǡ
ǰѰıȴˡ
˹ıøһ
˹ĸ꣬޶ĸ˹ĵϣܷĵģЩǿͲˡ
ңܱܣ˹Ҳ׼һ
ȥһʡˣ͸Ǹʹ죬һ˹쳣ƽ
ǣ
ȥѶ²ˣ˹ָϵűʯ̧ͷ޲̾ͻصصߡ
ˣʳˣγǱġһʼ޻ӣֿһʳһػ
γǣγǹĸȻҲóεĳûмǴγٰ֧ӵġ
Ӳźùһ㣬ܳ
ɳķӺܡԷɱӦòһգֻ֮ǰһ𣬶ԷҶ֣ڲҵᡣ
γǡγǹĸҪҪӳ飬˹㹻ġ
תԼϵ
ıʯˣ¿ȱڣõĵġ
ʱʩѾе˵գҲһʼŰɵڻҽĿǰ˵ܵõЧεֻиðաʺסʳݡҧˡۡƤ˺ͽŤ˵ȵȱȽճĲ֢
Ҳһǿҽֻһֵҽѧ֪ʶܱȱؼ˾ԺһЩ϶רҵġ
ԴˣǼ˾ǻǿնʾ⣺ΰٲģܰôѾ˲ˡ
ţ˿ں֮ǰעⲻҪˮһ˵ϸˣӱԼˡΪͱȽϴһԼҩԺõñȽϿ졣
˺ӺתȥųƷҩļӣճҩĺܿ죬׼Щڻʪʹ͹ؽ׵ĹƤҩȴʣºܶ࣬û͵Ĳš
ǳ֣ߵ˾Уûһһ͹ͷ۵Ĳ𣿻ЩϥǾʹˡЩִĥ˵Ĳ֢ϹƵʾ֪ˣôʱû˵أ
ȴ֣ЩҲǲ
һ㶣ѵⲻǲ𣿡
˴۵СۣöԷĻ⡣
̲סһ顣
ԭΪȻȻͻе飬Ϊ˥˾ͻȻʹǹþ˻ĥһûн⿴˲Ĳ˵ŵļλҲ걼սĹҲˡ
ôû˺˵أҪ˾һҪʹ˥£δҲ̫ˡͦһˢøжȵĻᣬʹˡ
͸Ǻ͹ȥ˸ҩ˵顣˹ĸɯǱ߻Ҫһʪȥĸҩ
ǺãȻȥûգͬЩԲʹŵĹǾʹʳˡ
գǾ˵¡ǺӶΪٺȾƣôܲ׷ߵĽŲأ
ʱŶӵȳԵƶֲ֪Ϊҩģ˵Ĺ˶ΪٺȾˣرжΪ̩˴మȾƣþƵˮȣԲȾˣǶù
Цõͳȥһҩ
һգ˸ˣ֪ҥԣ˵ʩ࣬ǵõףѳԣһȺȱԵв׼֡
Ҫǹ㹻֧ţǴӶȥˡ
ҽĵһЩæǰգ︽һЩׯĲ˵õϢ֮Բһֶλãʹӱ𴦽һЩʮ˾Ҫæݡ
磬һ˾һˤȵũľ̶ϿڴĨϼϵĸҩ鲼̶ʱ߽С棺£һȺӡ
ôˣֵ߾͸һȺء
Ǵ󳼼ҵĺӣһģ˵ԼܣҪ
󣺣
˵ȥβӵ£ӵ³رܶӻûĹҵܺǶȥ
ǾһװеŮģűӺһŶӣҲԹġ
ҪǱ˼ſڣЩĸļһٻӲˡ̫ֵӣ˭ҪǸҷˣ˵ǳȻס
ҺӶ࣬治ûм̳ˡ
ЩԲͬСӣҲΡ
߲У˼ҰŶӡŹҲУûװⲻǸӹôӵ¹ˣʮûôϢ
˼գҲӺͼ˾ǵ࣬ʵڲͷЩµġûȨˣԾȥҪô졣
߳ȺµĺӵǲҪĹȥԣӵڸƣȥֻܿ˵
ǵ蹱˴ʵķϣǺһ㡣
ȺܺӾС͵һ㣬ӺŽϢڵķ䡣
ڵķѾ٣ڴϵĲ˺㻤ļ˾ǣйĦѧϰС˾
ܺһЩС˾һŹУԿѧԣƤӼˡ˼Һӡͱһĸӡ
С˾ǿȺܺӣҲһĸӶ
͵ຢӣͻȻĬ

60 60 

ûʱȥעС˾ܺ, ִѧһּȷ³ں
һĲˣһС, ոιһɤˣˮҲ಻ȥ, ḸĸŻˡ
Ҫǰ, Ҫ׼, ﷢, ͸Ͻ͹ˡ⺢ʱɫѾϣҲӵ¡
Ƕȫһϸȡ
һ֪Ǹʲô, ҭˡ⼸ճз, ֻǴǳˣôСĺӻǵһΡ
̱ߺ, ת壬úӸֱ, һֻĴ򱳲, , ⺢ӾͰѺȳ, һЩ֭, ЬϣȻ۵һ
Ҳ࣬һֱֻӣһֻĴ򱳲, ԼϣҡţԱŶ˵úĸ׹źӰοһ£ĸ׵İο£⺢Ӻܿƽ
ڳܶຢӾĬĬţ֪Ϊʲôſţˡ
̩еĽʽҲǹΪΪЩƤʵܺӻЩɵС˾дӸõҲǺٵġþᣬҲᱧǳƱ
ĸ׻һЩŮԳİԳİЩֶͬûȱϧ̫ѣǶһȫļͥ
һְֵĽҵСضԱһС˵ҪҰӵһġ
СбһۣôôҰķûйСأôڣô֣һ㶼ÿ˭㺰ó
Сˣ̫ˣԺȢ㣬ÿ춼㡣
ңҾͰ
ⷿ⣬һƿһӶ¡
δԽԽ󣬷һӵĿⶼתСӵƤˣһλøǸܵδСһһԹϱ졣
󿴵ˣֵòУһ಻ʮ꣬СǼûӸߣСܲͷȻѾ˵ѧ
Ǽ󿴹ǲ˵ˣ޲ȥ
ѺӽӵĸĸôСĺӻ̫ܳӲĶˮҪеúιÿӡһЩɣɤٳ
ӵĸĸܲ˼ǵҲ󣬿ʮ߰˵꣬ë׵ġ
ǵв׼˼ңûв鳤ۣƤ࣬ͷй󣬻ͭΡĥ𣬵ûһ߻һ곤Ůͺ͡
²ҥԹġףûеõú
ӵĸĸǧлˡбļ˾æѾôæϾؿȺʧС򣬱¹ЩͷôŰ裬ǰǺܹЩܺҲ⡣
֪Ҳ˿ֻڵȨˣ뻹еС
𣿻ؼҰɣôܳҲ¼˵ģʡ
δ䣬ոǸСӺˣӵ·ģһţ·ϵ˶ŵöˣһΣնûУѽʹҸʲô
һԹϱͷϣǸʹ˵
δĬĬˣ֮ǰûôӲϲѹƽģ޲ñô
ӵ£Ǻͼ˵ˣġһ˹ǵġǸʹһЩĸϽ貹һ¡
Ҳ˵ЩСھͲ׼ˣ
ɣ
󻹺ãЩͼ˾ɫͲˣ֪Ϣ֪࣬ȺһǿЩССŮｿߵúݣƤ磬߸źһȺӣڽһèӹᡣ
Ⱥֻεİӵܡ
ֻЩܺҲ˴鷳СС֡·һǾ˱ᣬûֳ£ѲߵʿҲһֻ۱һֻۡ
ȺҪִܺܺӣδѧУ꣬һһԩٴʱǾȻѺã
ҲУԿʣǲȥҲܴű˹ǻȥ˵
һͷ絷⣺һʲô
رţû˵ʲôֻǽЩӣǷ˴
Լ˾һ¼Ĳƹ̣ԺݲΪṩһ㷽
۵ʱر࣬ЩС˾űһֱдԵȺµܺرɵ
ӵĺᡣһΪһֱЦ˶ܿ£ҴһСС
԰˵΢һǷӵº˵ʱ򣬻һб۾ǣʲôֻҪӾͺˡ
ľǴԵôÿһ߶ûУƤڷ⡣۾ɫıʯһͷ˶ôƯѹִȥ
ӵߵ˶ףҿǸ˾ڵǣ
İô
ɣ
Ҿãǻ״ǵĸסǸʹһĺ¶۵ı飬Ҹ׿˵Ҫ˵Ĵ鷳Ͱҵȴϡ
ˣĴϣʱ׵Ȩܴϵһ֮ŮɱȨ˵Ͽ϶ʹϣ̩ĸ׾ײС
ҸҪڼĵܴܵȸ𣿡
úϧܵܰɣԺܾͿˡ
ء
˺ˣˡӵûǲôҵġһһĺӰοǡ
ȷû˻ȥ׼һЩԵģЩȥҳԹߡ
̩ȨǼ崫УԺЩӴ򽻵Ļˣͽ۲һ̩ġδ
ҼһЩԵĶ˵һ˳ֵ顣ΪôС˾ǰԷĲ͸ĳʳáΪЩӳԵúãͯײͣζ߰˸ܺӣҲǶ༸ݶͯײ͡
ˣЩຢһֱѧϰˣóÿ˶һСɣﲻǻСʹôһγŲļҲһ֣ӵǡ׼ЩСﶼóȱ˵ȥǸϲ
ʱȻЩӶ˻ȥܺǺС˾໥ǱӲǱӣ۾۾
סѾ׼׵ݳޣֻƬмһƬײ˺һεӡһ̵ϲ̵ʳģųĩ̵Ҳϲ
ÿӵĲﻹһӣ漸鿾һСļţ̲һгεʷζ⡣
⼸춼ˣǶܰһС˾˵Щ׼Сһ֧ëȾɫ
ëʣһСòϺᣬ滹һ滻ͷ
С˾һϵܺģǻΪʳһԸǱߣúóԣ
ܺǿ̵С˾ǣǾȻÿ춼ôóԵĶ
̵ܻӭһƫ̵ƣԼĳˣʱҪһ㡣ҲϲͿĵζϣ֭ƫĿζұƤǳִ࣬ۺζܷϺǵĿζ
ͲǸ޴ϲûĸӿԵֵʳջ󡣵ʵڲһ³Ե
ԡСӿ޵˴ˮ᲻һ³ԵǱĬĬ
Цã˰Ĵˡ
ȫúˣЩͺӵһһͣ棬ЩӺǵĵĶͳţһһǸ𣺡ţȥ˯
ӵ£˯ɺˣһ㲻ˣҰķ˵˯øèһ
ҲҪôС˯űߵλҲǹġ
԰ô˾ͲҪǻȥ
һͷĶ壬ϣ
Цҡҡ֣ؾܾУԹԻȥɡ
£˵ôУҲһǾָС˾
װһ£ǵúа
СӰһ±סȣһδˮѼһֻ㡣ǿ
Сҿһ㲻㣬֪ʶж󣬶ǿ˶˳޵顣һߵ棬˲Ƕ㣬㡢л㣬ʱҡ˵գͺذϵĹҼ˺
Ǳͳţһ뿪

Сײһ磬һĸף˹İ׾ϲԼСܡ
ߴ˰죬˷Ľǣô˵ӣ
ˣˣӵ»ǳرóԵĿһӶûԹ
СһСӣֺģûУӵ͸ҵģֻһУûУǲԵģ
ΪҶһԡҪĵܴܵˣʣGƯ𣿺òã
òãȻãСҪҳһرʵݴʣ˰죬ͻȻָյӵ¾Ǹһڷ⡣磬Һϲϣӵ¿Զ뿪̩
С뵽ӱǸСţ˵СĻ棺GҪǱҸöð
ţˡ
̧ͷ˿Լɵܵܣĺϲ
ǽĳӣҪ̳׵ְλΪ󽫾ҲɳķӺ˹ĺߣܵõܶλӵϢ
ܵȻɵһ㣬ֱȴǿһء
Ӳ뿪̩ģ̩ӡ
лҪ˵ƣңû
֣ۡ


61 61 

ػش, ̽Դʱָɳ, û͹ȥˡ
Ȼ˵ֻʮգɿŽյ, ľ̲ס¶ʧı顣ǰûеʱҲ, ϰÿ, , һʱˣͦ᲻õġ
ľƫתһȦŵ, õȷϢЩʧ䡣
Ҳ, ûʲôµģɴߵʯ, ۻƵģ졣
λĴ˵, Ժÿµĵһ컹ܹβأһһԶŮĸһǣĸˡ
ŶŮĸһֻȥʱҰ, ɷóͷ, ˶᲻ó, ͹, ˭֪ľ͹ˡ
ǰ˵רŸûǮƵ˼ʱ䣬βֻҪһӣԺءǮĴ, ڱʱȥҼ˾ǣֻǿ϶Ҫ໨һЩǮơǣĸϸϸ˵š
Լɷһȥǰһң·ϰŻժҰˡ
ЩɬҰ˼Ҷȹıϡ
ʮȥЩܳԵҰ˶ѿһ·ܿ˼ҵĺ˵Ļ档ˣֻ¸ճѿˣ˴Ҷú硣
ﳤҰ˵ĵط࣬ڳһ㣬Ұˣڻ˱ĺҵϺҲǳԵġ
ʱƶ߶ҪʼŮˣǽгʮĹؼѵӰˡ
Ұ˷ѿգ˭ͶˣҲƺˣŮ˱࣬ЩϵҲûмԼܳȥӽʡʳġ
һЩûصȥ޹ˮˣ˵һĹǮһ붹ӣ绹ܻһٳԵģ껹н
룬ǿܹȥһ߻ЩѳĻĵ費ҪũҪһ궼ܹȥ
ΪССĸı䣬Ǿס־ȻˣǻʮҲδ¡
ҰõŮ̾һһ͸أǧķŵſڣǱߵȴ˵Ӳ˵Щƽƽ࣬ԶٱҲףûˡһ֪Ҫôͼ˵ء
׸˳ԣ׸˺ȣ׾ˣ˽ҲҪҲҪһǻȥ
ɲǣ˭Ķûա˵ǳʮգôˣóԶٶӲŹⶹӾǶѳɽҲס԰
ҲءӵĲһͺˣڶͻģڻܰɻȥˮ⼸һӡ
ôãҲúõģⶼӵĹͣлл˼ңѼΨһһֻĸһĲƸҲա
Gҽӵ´Ļƽ˵ܶ˶ˣһܳȶӶĲǸ˻ιǽͲˡӵĸʡ
ŵ͵͵ģһЩһھһСӡ
СѾȫףһûлӵ˵˵ⶫãⶫһá
껹ȥ˵̩ˣѾǸһŷ񣬽˺ݺһٶѲĹƨߣӶУˣӵĸﳰЦţһ߿ɫӴ˵ˣȥҵðѶĥˡ
ҲվҲûؼˡ
ƫſڵİղ֪ոսʩûжϢһգѾǰʥɽ¹
͵ǿأȥ鿴Ƿʺֲҩ
ļڣʲôʡ
ʱ䣬Ժ˸Ĺ߲ˡ
Ȼȹ糤úܺãСѾϣһϢһر翪˴󶹺ˡ
󶹸ӪɶֶƷɽͺͶס޻ԴֲЧѡ
أһҪľԲǡǷֱܵ׷󲻱ض˵ʷūó׾Ϊǲġ˵ȸ١
̩вܱȡȭͷƷֵ̩Ҳ㹻סǵó״
󶹰Ŷֲ˰ֲ߲Щ⽻ˣҩĵȴҪԼһˡרŸʮֲҩľҩũҲиҩĵ˵
Ѽ齻ȥ뿪˿
û£Ҫüλһֱ˾æںѧϰ֣ҩҲҪֹͣڸ޽޺͹ˮϵͳҲȥٻල鿴Ǳ
Щ¶ҵ֮ʹūгȡʮˣһǰ¸Сɽˡ
˲һվ͵ˡСɽͰѩʥɽܱȣ߶ȺʹСǸ˽µɽĽҲԶزһСʱ
ɽһҹڶеϤɽֵҩũĴ¿ʼɽɽ·ǲϤҲûֳɵ·ɽ·ܶʱӲԼһ·
϶ɽĹߣЩߵķɲᡣ
ߵ÷ǳǱʱʱΪ·ͨò·ǸСɽһҲû
ȴһȺģԴƽصļ
Ϊnpcڸͼ߶ƽļܡ˱˶ںܱ׾˫еʱȴһȫѧ̬߹ȥ
ӵ¡°ƮƮг롣
СɽǲȴĺãҪĵطܶࡣÿҵһǾͰһЩӲݺСˣС·Ĳҩӣһڸ˱עЩطʵ̫ãһֺüӣϡ
һ£кȻһߵһǰϸۼ£Ұĺۼ
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ԴȳֵǺ⡣
ȴɫҰĹԺǿֶһҰرסϴ̵Ұĸ׻һҰ壬黹Ҫ鷳
£⸽Ұֻ⼸ˣ¡ֹ
󿴿ɫɽѾ˿һ죬Ҫļֻҩˣȷʵ٣սҲͣūսʿֻˣɽɡ
һɽߵ֮ǰᵽİɽһȪ۴
͵صʱȪۣ˵ǸˮܴȪۡһȻˮԴԴγһɫĿߡ
ȻȪɽ¶ҲȳµһЩ۳һƬˮأȻߡˮĵطط֣ʮʪֲǲеģøһֲҪˮأǾǵӡ
¿ȥһƬѵֲأɽʯֳֺɫˮԴ㹻ԿˮˮֻҪЩϡϡľߣĶ
ǽ꿪һŴ׺;ףϷô
ʶҪ˹һ£ȴ֪˹ȥˡˣʲôġ
û˿ԣŴûһǵꣿ
ûԥܾãʱǽǮ֣
лҪ˵ƣˣ⻹Զô
ĿʱһͯĵСŮСУһ~

62 62 

˲ҪһӺͻѵ˹, ֻԼˮˡ
ͻȻǮȨĺô, ݴʸߡһҲûϵꡢ
ɽ֮˵Ҫ߿ѳˮ, һе, ɳҪˮ, û׸, ζܺá
ôõһ⣬Ȼһա
˵ı鶼ǣȻô£ϲȥ, ǸʲôС
˵Ҫǿ, ˵ԼҪԭȵĸūѡȡʮϵũ񣬿ЯߡҪֻţ, Ҫ鲼ѡ
ǾǵͷоǴ, ·˵ľǱ׼, Ҫɡ
Ȼʵ, ѹûֹˮ
Һֹ, ̫̫ϲԼֵŴ, ѿǡСʱסĵط£žز԰֪µ̡
ɽס, ȴˡ
ڼרȥԡɽһ౾ï֣ܵԶÿ춼ٵ⻹һЩ˻ɽлȡʳҰ˺ɽճʳûʲô⡣
ʣûȥҲûȥɼūñ֦ʯļ׳ͷھҪˮҲ˹߳ǺܺõƷֻ࣬󲿷ʿֻʹԼļªߡ
רȥɽѰʺֲҩĵص㣬СҩӣñǡǻɽϷһµأҩģڱΧһȦĲ硣⼸ҩũԺɽס£רػЩҩ
ˮ￪֮Щֲũ϶ǿסһ໥һ¡
գҪ˺ʾʹӿˡũЯҴڵģ
ţҲʮֽ׳ҪĶͭĳͷۡκͼѼ
ϡϡľѾˣڳЩպøũӡݾͺܲǸտľͷԺʧȥˮֿ϶ҪΣǾԺˡ
ũҩũǵסլ򣬾ֱϡÿ˻һأһһֵأֻһ߲˺ٵʳǲؽ˰еջԼġ
ũæֲˮĲĲԼСֱӸףǻӻס
ʵЩ˶µūǲҲûϵǿǵͶԣǸ˷ֳɡûٷ֮ʮЩũóٷ֮ʮ
ʱûģóٷ֮ʮȻũ񷢻ӳٷ֮һٶʮս׬
ҩũĹԴɽϵĲҩͬ԰ֵһЩ
ϣʮĶˮﻹǿˣһ˼Ҹһء⻹ģĿԳӣ׼ĶˮȻˡ
һߵҲˣԿʼˡ
żӣЩũС磬ȺͼఴӵȺͼΪֶеֲˮ֪ʶšũӰӾ磬ȫ̸ֽҿƾԼľ
ֳɹˣ׼ʵһµ㣬֪غ᲻ҧӡ˵еѼģѼӲԳĵҶëѼӳɤӣǺϲӲݡ
ϺִգЩ糤úܺã׼뿪ˡ˭룬һյҹȻҰɽһ鵾ЩҰҲɽµūŪˡ
ҹʿƷĸˣҲƵһƬҰԼҲ
ûźãΪ׵ǸҰһвӣ֬㱣ŭҰƷ׳ȻҵرҩˣɽֻҰҲ䵽һ³
ԭ⻹һҰ塣
ȻٵһŪôˣʮ
ģһҹڷߣڳǳߣӵˣȻҴææ£Ұɽˡ
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һļ˾Ҳѹߵߡ
ūʿ̫á֪ܴܲҰƤ˵ҰϹźཬһȥδ˵ǡ
Ұ㱣ЩūȴĻ׶ûУһһײģɱײѡ
ȥһ»Ƿ
ԾԼûҪôϷصرĳ̶ȣҪͻȻȥ˵ƻʿǵļƻʲô⣬ǹԹԴԭصȴ
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£ǱߡǱȫѪûʲôÿġһʰ˾ͰҰ̧ҶҰйߣѪҪǮȫѪζǵĺζʺ
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һ˼ֱ󵱰Сһ޲ĽŶմһ˿ôѪȵĻ档
ȴԣΪʲôҰ̧
̧ҰͲ̧ˣԼʰ˰ɣɱ硣ոձҰײġ˵Ķҿʲôʹһ£һ䣬ǰĵֽ̧һЩɶ˺ҲһҸĶͷһ¡
ǣǣС˵ˣһĨϻðѪ˿ڣתӣɿʧˡ
˵ʮˣһù߹ǹ۱ĳԵҩĨ˵ҩּҰʮ˳ԡ
ôҰҪһֻģһ㣬Ҳÿ˳һˡ
ЩСܳԵʱҲûźҪ֮ǰĻǵѪ£һһ죬ĻǲԵġ
ȴĻҪˬ졣
ִֻСһҹȫɱˣͷͷһȺȷһѳ˼ССɽĨ⣬׼ũҩũȫˡ
ҰɧζأҪôѹζͰԼһЩζóҪʹҡ
һҹھմ̼عѾˡûһ˯⣬ȵָ´ͬλ⡣
Ұʴֲڣζأˮĵط󳦡ѾһЩζϣ׷ϴ󳦣ü⡢ϾƵˮ⡣
ũţȻƳˮ߿յѾڴ߹ޣÿ߹޶а׸ߣյʯͷǺũһģԺЩũҵˮס
һҹδ˯ڵһָ
šеѾɳȥЩĲ𣬻һȥɽҰȥˣҵˣ֪ܲ⡣
һ߹ǰһϵ±֭ˮζϡƤһѳ콷ϴɾ䡢ͷβ͡㶼װ氾󣬵ʱѾõľһơ
±ζʮǿңѾԹᵽ֮Ǹоθϴдһ֡
ڶ߹ķ廨⣬һһ飬ѵ˹ӿڣʣһ㽴ͺѿǣȥȵϣȻһ޵ƣøӸϣǴڻС
Ȼûᵽζǿһ޾ƺϧصȥ֪һֵڴζ
߹ѷŴͲӹǡֹǺŹǣȥѪˮȻΡ轺ɽ֭Ѿ˵΢ɫ
һ˵λһĹͷ⼸ֻܳ嵭ʳȻŵպвԵʮʧ䡣
ĸ߹ҰһƣɫģҰеֲڣгƬ֮ڸкܲҰ˺ζɬΪȽۡ
߹ĺɫ֭λ͹ǡ滹ȥȵĵζϣŨζˮˡ
óһ⻬Ķƣ˺һƤ֮һ΢΢ĸְ塣ͣкõķͰתһȦͱ˻ɫ֬ɴһһΡ
֬ĴһһᣬĶƾȻͣ
Ǹоڽгȥȥֵأ
һΧĺҧ͸ֵʣ
óΪʲôأ
󺺾óԣΪĶƣԸˡ
ûøһռͣޣ;С
ȺҰݣⲻ񣬵Ҳ˼ʮ͡
Ҫȥġ߶߶˼£ȥ궬췢ȻСմ֮ʼ˵ڶû棬֢ˡ
ٲˣûϴ裬һֱǸоġѾʲôబͱʺ졣Щ飬Ϊϴ·ϴ롣
ʹ׼ؿΪָӣһץһѡⶼũҵĺӣһ˹ġ
ʱȥɽϵ˻ˣһҰӡũȴ˵Ұ̫ײҪȥ˼ҪС
һҲǣͰҰ͸ũǣԼųԡȰѵֺˣѱļЩҰʵڲóԣһ飬ͼζԶ
£Ҫʳˣ
ָǰѹʰãմ̻ңţϢ
ʳ
һ߹޵Ĵ󺺵һֳʱ
лҪ˵ƣ


63 63 

ÿһ, ȥһ˻á˵
Ҷ֪ǿԳ, ÿ˶һ룬ضӵеǸ
Ȼ˰ŶӣŮٶ, ƻ, ᱻظϳ, Բκζ
ǿ׳˲ȡŮ˺ͺӵλ, ӵϲعصˣǳദĹʶ
֮󣬿ɢʳе, ҸӸ, Ⱳûôص
̽ͷ, ǰǸһֱðŰ̵ĵطǾʳڵءǶܳ, Դֻһſˮ, һŶӡ
һ, ϰ뱲ûԱķȫ˳, ǰδеļ
롣
˵
鲼СЩηһ, һ˿ӵ롣¸ߴˣΪ۸ǶʳĿʱ˷ֿ־塣
ֻǳúףȴ൱áһ״ŷʺŵûΪСٸ˷
Ե, úһߡ˵
СڷҲһһЩ۸أСͳĬȴܵõһЩĹġ
ȥһ䣬ȻŵϣóһССľͷӷ棬Ȼ˫ֺʮѧϰļ˾ĬĬлʴȵ飬ӵ£ҷʢʳʹԶ뼢ʹͼ
Сδ߱ˣˣͺǡʱ룬ԼǷǻ֪ʶĴۣ뵽ֿܣúʹ࣬Ը޴çײ
һֱǴ󣬻ñ衣ǽ죬ЩӸߴȴԼķʽĬĬ
չˡԣǸߴĴĳЩ˵Ĵ
Сĸ߹ɩҲ߹ͷȻʲôҲû˵Ǹоܵ˰ο
֮ǰһֱĸŰҲĸĺŹĸΪ˱Ӽߡ
һ˵ӵҪɫũһҲ͸ʱ˶ǲ֪ԼľȷĻǴġڣӦûǣǺõط
⺢ӵСݣܳҰݣֵǮҲûʲôرôһ
СͣǶСĺӣֻꡣǶ̶ѾΣŶСʯ»뿪󣬾û˱ˡʱѾûжٳԵģϣ
Сܣĸ׺ͼĸӦ¶ĶˡΪūȨӣֱܻ
Һúǵ˱ӵ£Щ΢㹻ʳʴȵؼ˹ķҲõضȹһꡣֱѾ뿪ֳߣƺѾôηˡ
ȻܳԵ⡣
Ũ⣬ô⣬ġж׷´δԹСݣһʱ䱻
ʲôζģ
ôţһ⣬ҧȥ
̣һ֭ͣ۽һϵ罦̣᲻³ʹš
СݴûгԹôóԵʳԽļ޵ζ᲻ȥֻҪһֱš
Щһԣ͸ѧ
Сݴҧȥ
ϣôζƤζ࣬
еϡƶϵͳ˺ʵݴʡ
Сݳţţ֪
Сݲ֪ԼΪʲôҪޣǸ˵¡
ô֪ƷζֻҰ⣬겻˵ĲҺͿʹ
ôζĶȥСݿһ׮ϺЦӣһֱôҸȥҪôܸ
쳣ζʳĲֻСһ
ūʿǳԹҰ⣬ǲԵģȴϡǲ֪֮ôóԣʤǳԹе⡣ͬһٳԵζʳ
˻ǵһĻѳɽʳ⣬еһƷζյζ٣ԼĵȷĶڸ߲ε׷
ڶͻؿˣһգӱŻȥ
һ೤εĳУ򱱷ǡڳǡǡǵ󣬾סſ²׼ҲҵƶǵıԵش
ڳǴùס򣬳ס˿ڲһǧֻǱСһЩķӾԽǿǵԽҪݡ
ɽмǸɫ޴Ǳסһҡǲ²ס˵ӦִƯ
ƯƯ󲻴ÿˡ
ʵɺӹס̫ÿֻһСңԱڳǶбԺ
ľ޴ˣλ飺̫սŮͺҹŮ
ﱳʥɽΧĴ䣬һƬũǹǳŴԵԳĵط԰һӴϵᴩ̩˵ĸ׺
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Ѿƾڿ︽õĵضΣзḻˮԴڹȡ
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һߵţŵصϥ¹ʾ𾴣ֱſڡ
Ժûκα仯Ժѿ
û֮ǰææµµҲûʶصͻȻԼе˹ǲǴһ̫ãϰߣ
С˾Ǳ̵úܺãȥһҲΣļ䷽ҲȫסˡСйܼңȫҪ֡
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Ժɫ÷ǵɰԼ׼ֹ˰˵ӹСѹܵ÷һЩŮ鲼÷
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˺ܾõֹֻһֱûԴҲֹ֪Ǹʲôֻ֪ද֬ͣ÷ŵСմۣΣ;һǸϡ
СմֱЧ̫ͣСմۺ峺ʯˮϷӦ˵̼
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ΪԲҪˮǿԼһǿӲȡ԰Լϲӱϡ
ȣȻһЩ
ժ÷ϴɣĥ÷ۣ⻹иõ廨ĥķۡۡబ̵ۡ͡ȵȴϴԡ
һʼûպ䷽һʵõķѱľͺܼˡ
ûģӣϷͷĸģ߼ľУһʱ䣬õ̳ӼʮҰͺһͰͣϵչһӵֹ
ڶЩֹͳģˡ
εϴ·ϴ롣
õ廨ε÷õ廨δһƬҶӵǲԲ쵰ǿబεıʣԲε
ΪŵҪŮһ÷ͷٷգгСǡ
ôһɲľζ֮᲻һ㣿ᣬֲôţҲôÿ˻۵÷õ廨ǺںڵģҲࡣ
Щõֹ鲼һŷźãһ߸ŮҪһ²áͷĻһǣпá
ǻպ׼ļǾóˡ
һַ͵ķˮ
ЩҺﻹȡͣǸҪҪ껯ѧԣôЩҲòˡҾǵЩʽҲҲԭϡȥȻɡ
ҪҷȻСմӲľȡҺǸҪ鷳һЩ
ֹҲˣûʲôˣҲҩҲ޹ûвϣÿվ͸ϰһ¹Σտһ¼С˾ȥ֯һȥϿĽȣԼƷһ
Ҳ˳˹һͰˡɢӵܵӴӹǲģǳԺ֣ƫƫЩȤչԺԡ
ĵʱ뵽˹ǰһôͲأ
ҪٻСˡôûѶ˵еңҲе㵣˹İȫôõС飬һˡ
˹ˣҲ֪
˹һٻ˰ɫࣺҵô
࿴Ŀڿһƣҵǲʲô⣿
Һʱ뵽˹ʦϵ
Ҳ֪˹ֻһ£Żĸλ˵԰ʹȥšʹڸطܵõϢ
͸˹дһţ˵ٹʮգĻͳˣϣ˹ҪȻдʱ䣬ľû˵ˡ
ʮպһſӱޱ͹
˼£ÿһգÿһ̣ʥɽˮӲ֪һаã΢ң޲˫һ̱صߣӭÿһ糿ҹĻʵߣ˹
лҪ˵ࣺ˷ˡ


64 64 

ֹ˼, ϵӣһ½½ţһʼֻǵһ, ԽԽ࣬ѩ˶Ƕɫһҹ֮ŵĻ̾ѡõӣһʵǻõӣô, ǿɰ
һӣ, һӣһ, Ǹоⲻһģһ𺳡
ľ͸ׯľվ, ĻϺϣǾסҲˡ
ûҲử, ֻ̰עλð, Ҫ
İ֮꣬˺ѧ, һֻһλᡣһ͹ԶƬƿһ塣
֪Ӵ, Ϊÿİտ͵ְɫ龰, ҲƷζӪ̺ʵֵʱ, ˼ʵ۾, İվǵõĸ϶ĺһ, رĽ͵⡣
Ϊµġ
Ϊֵġ
ոյ˹˵
ȥŴ̼˱ѾԶ˹ԤƵ絽ʮ, ոպøһɫꡣĴ󲿶ӻ·ϣ˹żϵˡ
һ·˪Ǵʮ·ͷġ
ˣȥĶ
˹Ƭ̣ȥһˮҲõ¿ݵӡ
ȥˮؿԼҴͷ沿ͿϽϵͣȻһ·
ǰһɢɾࡢı׼˹
ҿΣ
ܺãӵһϲġʵ˵Լӽһ
ûôϸԼίˡ
˹һ£ǸʯѾһƵıʯˣϸܿԡ
»ע⵽ϵĲô˹ġ
һ˵ģˡ
Ǿõ²ע˹ʡ
ԥػش𣺡޲Ľ˼պܸ߳ŵ²ϸͲᷢ֡
ش˹Ƚ⣬ǵһλãԭװıʯ¶档
Լ˹һ˪Ҳȥϴһϴͷһ£ĺӡͬҪ͸λ
ֻþűĺˮϴͷʹ룬໥һóһĨԼʯһֲڵϡ
ճõһЩҩļ˾ǣС˾Ҳѧϰˡ
ΪЩӾ͸ûȥˣûǱߵĻظϣЩܸѧ꣬ҪѧϰԸߵ˾ѧϰٻظ
볹װˡ
Щӻȥ֮һܳΪ̳˺͸е٣ôǿǾȻԼôô
ȻҪ꣬Ǿ͵׼ӳԶһЩļƻˡ
ǵڳ壬ÿͣ׼ٸͣһߵʱţһ¶ӡʮһʱݽСɺСԡ
ڻ԰мĲƺһֳд󻬻ݡΰ塢ɳӡݡľšͲȵߡ
֮֮ǰаСʱϷʱ䣬ǣȫ⡣ǻϲصڻ԰ﱼܡݡϷվһԲĵؿ
δ
̫ˡ
Ȼ˹תͷȥվԶϴǳǳ΢Ц
˹
˹һ۾Ҳ̲סǰʮֿƵرһһ˼ҹ£һˡ
˹֮ǰûʲôЦŴ²ѣҪ㡣
˹ҲҪ
ˣǵҺ˵ֹôѾˣ鲼ŷ¥ϵĴҡһûãһ𿪷⡣
áϲװģ˹Լһαһ
ʱܼͻȻ˵ϵ£ʱ뿪һ¡
Ľ㡣һֱ˾п˵㲻Ҳһֱ㡣˼ǹҵĸоܺðɣҷ·Ϊʲô²ᣬ
һٵĵӣǼ̳ˡҪ˹һǰʦ֣Ϊ̳ˣߡ
˹ЦеؿУǶǹ֮ӣһ໥Ҳʵѡ
һΪȡӵĺøУԼʦķ֮Сû˹и˹ҲϣԼ뿪ʱ˳롣
˹ﶼã̫ºͲھܾˡԲܸһɳ֮
Ժһ࣬߶õˣԷһԼ˽Ĺɡ
Ҫȥٴ죿˹ʼˡ
˹Ͷеû˵ʲôվ˹λãҲɨһвռ
ȻˣҵȻҪȥˡʱһ¹ɣȻҪ
뿪
Ҳ壬ﱻ˹Ӫһ࣬ĴӪҡ
˹һҰĲٵĵӲٵǼ̳ˣлδϷ
ڵµӣϢˡǱҲڴɣһµءеЦݼټٸϡ
֪˹һо͵ûȥû뵽صô졣̳סһݮɺͺаæһֹ
ЩãٴʮղСƻףϲԵģϧӻûϲġԺлᣬӰɡЩ˼˵
гĬһ£ΪԼСصúܺãû뵽
£Ҷ뿪ˡϸעߵ˵ϲúǰˮһأǳѣᱻʱʱ̼̿ǹϣ˹һ
ðôһֱǹš
ǰһ˱󣺡£˹ǸȤˣ飬һң
֪ѣûһ£ļ򣺡˹ܺãҲܺãЩʱˡҲȨȥʩææ£ֵɽҰסһµ񣬳һˮȴԹԡ
˹ǰҲȥһʱ䣬Щ˵ġ
Цݸ˼֣ܸ࣬ڵߣҺܸˡ
˹ʾѰ͵ϣȻ΢ЦŶ˵£ˣúЩȥɡ
һɫͷУټ
ЦЦЦеĺһۡ
˹üһҵĸоӲηսߣڱصõĳЩĳЩϡ
˹´㡣
ӭ
лҪ˵Сϴ桢Ĩ࣬Ҫؼ


65 65 

ǹƳǵϡ˹һС, Ƴǵĵͼе鵽ʳֲ, ˿٣˰ȵȡ
Լµлʮֹĵ, һõϸ
ƳǸԣ, ȻûĿ, ˮԴḻ, Ըض࣬˰Ҳࡣ
ǵطԣƽ͹úܺá
ʵƳǵľúһ㡣ͷмɽ, ǵ塣ռЩƽǿӵػ, ǿǿ
˹Ǳߣһ, ֱɱһˡһ㳡ǵ˹½, ȫ̩ɸǶ, ûԼȨ
̩֮ʺ, Ҳֻ, ԻһˡЩѪ, δɡ
ռػصԭһЩͻӵأ˹ֱ˱ûصƶ񡣶˹Գ, Ժĵˡ
ƳǲֳĴڣˡ
޷ƳǣΪȷƳǵĵλţ˹ȡӲʩİ취ͨʩԴдѹ
ƳǱӵƳǡ
л㱣뵽ˡء
ƳǵӰ첻ֻһƶԼأһЩԩõ걨ǴУˣǾ󡣵õ˼Ҵ󻧵أѾȫȫǸ
һЩ֣Ϊͼ˺ӵʹߣ˹ˣȥ·ˡҲš
ôϢĻټӦûٸҴǿȡᡯ
ƳĲֻһԹصĹһ
ˣûһֲƲΪһֱӳūȥ๤
˹ֱһĹѾõġ
ûл
˵ӲҲУõķ˹˵
˹ֱӰ˺ɱһֻΪδܿСϼ֣һͷ˲ʣûйдҲ˵ɱ˵˹ǰ¶һ档
һ룬ƺҲǲܽܡ
ܲҪһƶũλֱӵߵܡ
лл㣬˹ЩҲԣȴѡΪ֡
˹˵仯ǣֿʼȻء񡯣רڿ﹩ˮϵͳ¡
ƻеĹˮϵͳſķӣÿһķСˮأˮģԴˮáڵߣĵطùˮأ򵥹˹·˿ˮȡˮ
οطĹˮϵͳһǹĳйˮϵͳһ㽭ǰͯİˮϵˮϵͳ
ĸ׺ˮǴˮȻһΪΪģķְˡĸ׺ӷǧ򻧡Щľְ֮˲ģĲ£ٴºϳһĸ׺Ρ
ĹˮϵͳôԽˮԴãɶ˷ѡһкҲ£ǧ֮󲻻Ӷ١һһŻˣԾͽȡˮ
顢ˮϵͳغô
Ȼ󰡡
Ϊ˽ʡǮѹʿˮɳķӵȼӶûзŹһʱ̩ûսʿˮǹûе
ԼǮ
ûʲôũҲ˺ܶÿĹǮһ붹ӣٸһʹǮ۵Ͷ
ҲܰƤЩˣÿṩһٷõʩûĶӺӣʣµٸϡ
æ޽йˮϵͳֻý˹ȫܴܼҡ
䣬Ͽɴµ˹Դ˸֮£ܺ޲ðдС¡
ӣĻں̣ܶ˼һʱһνȥӣϱ񣬻켣ڿȺС
ӣĻһƬƬģ۷ڷ衣
ɲԼģ˸Ұķ䳲ֱתƵľƷЩ䱻תƵ΢Ӧ»۷ɳʼڷۡЩ͵С۷仹βٷء
󻹷ͬƽеαװɸӵĵһǷ˶Է໥ͷ
ľϼҴڵĳһɣ߹ĵ·
ûн±Ŀ׷šվţӳصʱÿһƬĻ꣬ǴȻǵİ
˵ʳ˵Ű
·ֻ̩ͷϵĻڣõĹҼһᡣ
ָ·ûоͷİɫĻ˵ԺЩлˣһſźӣңһϲá
ӣһƮƮʮգһδӿ˵ƮٴλصǵճУż߹ɵͣߵӣ鲻Խ¶һ΢Ц
˵ĴӣҲ̩¶ľһĨɫʡһΪǲбȵ̩ҲΪǵ˸ⲻͬ
ı仯
𣿻̾͵ĵ·̩صİնţĵóӿɹɵӣһ
̩Ϊһĵ˵ǴЩ߹ܵõף
̩ȨӣƵʳó͸ƶˣɳ˾ѸƼڿ˿˰ǲηƶͼ
˴˿ĲƷ˿Ĵ˵
һ˵˿ܲţȥ˶ô˵һġ
һʥࡢʴȡ˽ģģڴ̩ӣòб̩Ҳ
Щ˻̩µʯĥԯ磺̩Ӵļ̩Ѿпǿһλʴֳǻ۵ӣ˵һӡ
õĶѽм˳ƷЩֻҪ߼ۣҲЩǳڰ֮ģǾԼҲаǧ
ͳ߶İֻмͳ߾ֹߺܺòҾƹ㡣
С˴ı˹ǻƹߵһԱ
ԴһͨΪĸұΨҹζĸһӣΪɻõһСУ˹ͽӵҰȻǺܶѹ˹ǼȻ˹ðͷܴһٿ϶Ҫһ١
˹ƽһȥ
ΣѵūӵñӣӵԼĳУ˹˺ӾıǮҲ˸׷ߡ
ջǸ˹ߣԵ
˹ӱ˹꣬ղ֪ͣǵһ
Ů֮ͿʼһֱӲ̫ùֺ󹬵˽ûõ˵
磬ֻںһ쵽ϴ·ڱˮһ죬ô˵ձϾŮŮǷ˵ģ
պ˹˵һΣ˹ֻ̣Ͼӵı˹ĸʱֻܱâ
˹æƹʯĥԯ磬û˼լرա֪ʯĥԯ磬Ȼȫû뵽ǣȻҲˣʯĥԯҲмɷֵģ
ǰȻŮ˶˲ˮǲɵģûû뵽һЩ
̰˽յĻΪԼ̰Խȴûнܽѵ
ԵĶ޷αװٴĽ𲭺ȥҲı䲻һʺʵ
һУ޵۾ѪȴûҲָֻмΪõЩִĶڼįҲΪʹá
ʭӣӣëŰѪҺĶһֻſڱƴѪ
һߣ˹һЩȽߣһ氲ȥ̩ϣԵõ˵еӡֱ̩óĶž޴ļֵ
˹һ˼ע̩ӣһŬ£øϿɡݵ΢Ŭջȴֻһ
ڤڤһһйԭλиߵķᱮбߵĽ̼ܡ
лҪ˵գҪȥףһ~
˵һЩ⻰
ƴԽһˣҾȻʮдһhhhhţʵˡ
Ųһ㣬ΪѾˡ
һʼû뵽ддô˳Ϊһ
ȫǾġ
һʼֻдһСִһֺ˸ĺӣǰ罨ϵĹˣû뵽
ƾǸͨˣһʱǿʱҲõˡ
ˣнָԽhhhh
ԸǶܱԴ~


66 66 

̩˲ӵĹ, ̩֮µĴ˵ӿﴫ̩ȫִ̩ܱߵĹҡֻ˹ע̩, ܵһ΢仯Ҳڹע
ĹָɼѾǸ̬̩ڵȻҲкܶĹļЩЩʧˣЩ߷, Щ, ǾͽϢ͵ԼЧҵĹ
Ȩ֪ϢɱЩ˶ࡣ
Ϊʳ, ̩⼸һֱ, ȻȥͽּΪȴһ»
ӵĴڰģ˵߲Ӹסˡ̩ߵɧѾѹȥѾ͵ȫֲ, ǻ涹ֲ, ķգ̩ʳͲ⡣
ܱ߹˵, һϢ
̩һĹǸսӣ̩ʮ, ͼӲչ֮һһļ̳, ɳķ, ͬǸӢӡһӢܱ߹ҵвʵ̫
Һ̩֮ʼּ, ΪûôƵս, ܱ߼СŲ磬ԼʲôʱͱˡȻЩԼʳҲӰ죬Ӱûôپּġ
̩⼸Ӳù, Щܱ߹Ҳ̩ܱ߹⡣
Ͼ̩ͼҲʮ꣬вǿһ̩ңȫԳûһ
֮䣬ٴֻг//档ʱ֮սΪӶغ˿ڣ߲á
̩Ҳ֪£ĴڣЩҵĸʮָӡȥĶҲЩ棬֪ǺõģԴҸġ
ƫƫ̩ӣҪǿҲ̩Ĺ̩
ѾȻ绢ˣҪ̩֮£ߣǾͻ
Ϊ̩ǿ˶ıֱǰģȫ֪顣
ϲ̩ĻκѹûйҲûơ
ɵĻҪ¡ΪϲǷ飬˶ãرࡣ̩ԸκأԸ̩ҪһУֻҪС
ˮѾ죬ҪչעҲ˸ʱȥ顣
ˮ飬ٷ˵ӵ֣Ϊÿľ񲻱سžȡˮԿˮǳ֧֣æˮƽҲǽоԼһ˲顣
ǣһ·еؽСƶ䡯
ף޻һʳ¡˽⵽˵ӵ´ΪƶҲʳԣ·İࡣ
Ǹоϵĵ䵽ϣһ޷ݵİȫС
֪ΪʲôôƴΪơΪȶģܾûЩɣǶǷĵģϷ
Ѳĵõʲôͣ˵ӣ
´ԽҲ͵ҡҡͷհĥĺꡣ
ԺˣͻȻⲻ֬һôŮѿŵĺɼ׼һ֬һõ廨Ҳ½ţõҲѡ
պãһƫȺ죬һƫϺ죬ͬɫ֬
ԺרҵطֺõЩױƷͻƷҪԭϡ
ǵģѾ֮ĳڷչ·ߡ
ʽ;
貢棬չ
̩ĳڲƷҪë̺ǰӹƷߣǴּӹƷ͡ȻҵԳУʵΪṩһ̳Լлȡǳޡ
ôʱôأ
ƳܱȡģӹĲƷóתΪó˳
ѾˣΪһż񣬺·߸ıҡôܲó·ߣܴܲӵײ㿪ʼˮһ͸
ϸ˹ɳķӾ߸߲·ߣҳɹԺܸߣǺϷ̳ˡԷ߲㻰ȨףʧȥƫѺõ˹ˡ
£ǿԼΪӣΪһżĵλҪԡ
׺޻Ѿû¹ߵĳҲһֱȻ޵ģԴԴϰЩóαԼ֮ĻȨڱԼ͸ı价֮ҵһƽ㣿
ԼΪ޷ȡıƷԼѵ˫ӮĴ𰸡
ȣҪռҽҩг¶塮ҽơĹΪһȨ
ҽҩǸ衣
̫ǸСÿ»Ὺһ죬˾ǽղˣΪǽơֻҪһ붹ӵĵǮܵƵĴ
ûмȴһЩҩ׼ţҩļ۸ȴúܸߡֻǿĸ˲ںǮǻﹺ򵽳ƷҩƷյġ˵ģøõĸҩ
ҽģſڵʯ̫ı־ƶķšʥķšķţһȦΧġ
˵кܶǺ޲ðЩҩȫΪˣ߲òŪ޹Ĳԣ̶ӣһ̶ֻһ
һԹ˷ݵҩ
̫ȡҲǣߣļ˾ƽʣµ
Ҫ˵׬Ǯ⼸µҩ룬ȵǿũһˣ˺͹岻ϧҩ
ͷʼҩѬˣв䷽ֻ˲ϣܴӦľȻֻ֡һǿרõԱɲΪϵңһ޹²ΪİߵѬ㡣
ҩҲֻ֡
һϼܾˣ߼۵סǮˣĹſڣһµľ
Ϻʱֻܿ
֮󣬱ر֣˹Ц˵ۻʱʱʱܿˣҲرȣҪʮֽóһԣװģ˵Լȣûܲˡ
ɵ˰ɣûҲúúõ
ΪЩģҲϲζҲ͸ҡ
ԷһǣиͺӹӴϣ϶ǲѺá
ϸ滮Ժ̫ƫҽκҩҹŮѬͻױƷսŮ𴫲£˼룩ЩĺĿǰˡ
֮ǡ޻Ժбģѡ͹ѡΪԼΪƽȡһ档
ΪҹŮƫսŮƫڽУû㹻ƷѬ㻹Ƿ̫
׼꽫һĳɹ԰ͻԡʳòôţҲⷷţΪôһƬΪֳַص̫ͣĳɹ԰ͻԡ
㹻֮ĻױƷҵʽչֻбҪױ
ƷͻƷΪԼ׼һ̽ޡ
Ȼԣء˹΢Ц˵ΪʲôһЩĵأδѹҲˮԴزֵǮ
룬е˹ƤֽЩ¿ǿԱóݸ˿ô
лҪ˵ƣŬԼѡ·Ӫȷѡ


67 67 

˹һƤֽľ籾, ѾдõʮС¡ĸ輧Ӽѡ׼ѵС, һЩǳ׶ĶͯС¡
򱾵˹һЩ˼룬ֲɵѡָ޺һЩĶͯ¡ñݵķʽ, ȤζԸǿ, Ҳ׼ס
ΪЩûз˱صļɻ, ˹ȿ
붼ǶصС, ԢԵݣҲֻҵĳ£һЩͯѡԼΪȽϺʵ, ħ֮, ˹Сʱ˽˯ǰ¡
ЩСǳɹ, һдĹ¡
ǿֻǹ£ֻһ, ʵһ˼Ļʴ, һϢظıҡ
˹ĬĬ, ɫ, оκˡ
ЩСһ̺ǻۺ, һͨһֺӶǳ׹ֳʵ̫˲ˡ
Ѿڼ򵥡к߲ܶΪ֪Ϊǵ̫ˣѰ, ߺ͹ѡЩ²Ȼһ̺·ߴˮĸ˶һס
·͸ЩƼ򵥵С¿һ˫˫ǵ˫ۣǵĹ¼ᣬ򵥴ɼ򵥡
ңҲû߽ԼǻڼȤСȥ̵ʲôĺӡ
ɳķΪ̳˳ʦߣǴδйֺӶϲС¡
˹·Ϊʲôͨ͸ӡ󲻱ȥ£ǻͨ֡˯ǰ¡Ĵԡ
޶۵ܵĽôϻۣοʹ
Щ޼֮
ȴҪɢȥܺһĴ˹鸴ӣ֪˵ʲôá
ûۡ˼ķȥ룬ڴƣһһΪ̩룬ԸΪմȥǻ۽ᾧ
뵽ЩС¿ǵķˣûȷߣ˹ûʲô⡣
£Щ׼˵С糡ݳĹôûʲô⡣˹˵
ҲԣٴȷϡᱻΪ𣿱糰ܴ֮ġ
˹ЦǺ£ȻЩڽˣҲ˵ĳ̩ʲôϵǲģԴñԼ
Һ͹֮䣬໥ڮٶԷľֲһΣ˹ȫû⡣
Ǹ˾˻Ҫ޴ĳһҵȻдø޴һЩ
˹ϲĽ飬ΪĹֱͺͱĹһģһ»ǳĵṩ˱һɷӡ
˵̩Ĺ½ϰսʤƫƫ̩Уڱ˰̣ԷдŴЦⳡսдĻԻս׼֤Լҫ
¶ԱԹأ޲޴ɶһŵ˵
Цãûȷ˵Ǳֻ˵ǱһҵȻ˹ṩıòͲ¼
֪ҪһԺ֮󣬹µҪ֧һ¡ȻһҪһʲôľ糡ſɶˡԭ޸εĽʽ糡һ˾͹ˡ
һĴȣùģеС˵ҪҸطһģǽǶһ
˵Ĵ¶ʯʽ
ͷĹһġ
ϽܾҪŪһ޳Ǿ˲ˡ
С糡ĹģǴһŵһǧˣľʽʯʽʯϿԴӲʯⲿֹʾṩЩʯͷҲǷţҲû޹顣ʵʯ϶ȥ̰ˣޣҲ޲ġ
С糡û޺ãĸ輧輧ʱǿʼдĹ£ͬʱЩϷҲҪʼ
һߣõ廨Ļ֭Ѿȫ˺ˡ˳Ļ֭һ㻨¶ټĥüˮ˳Ŵ׷ۺϸϸ۽衣ŴǽյģԴһᣬǲš
Խһ͵뻨ͷݼٹ˳ɫ͡
֮ǰõķ۷źãɫĻͺ͸ˮķϸˣҪ֬ˡ
۶һЩǷ۱״ģһЩ֬״ġ
Լϲ÷ֳɫϵȺɫϵУɫϵУϺɫϵСɫصľּ֬Ŵ׷ۺ۵ģɫһľͿΪ۱Լһĸۣ
̩ϷһطͲĸƬĸļ۸ûôߡ
ľͷͭռ̡̼ͺͷü߸ࡣ̼϶ｺƤüʣմһˮͿĨ
ݳ޵ʯȸʯĸ˴ɫ߸ࡣ
ˣŮԻױҪõļֻױƷȫˡ
׼һЩϲȡɫأ˵ɫر𰺹̩ԱԹôһԭǶԷȻɫɴװι̫ݳˣ
ȷǣԷȻñ˵
ɣ
ʵһϣ³ʿϡǵţѪϲľƵģȡһֻɫᾧʯ֪ʲôؼ裬ֻýʱ¡Һ
յĽΪ׻ױƷһϵзǳɰСӡ
ľһľӡ
ÿһһ׵۱һһۺķ۱һɫӰУк졢̡ɫһɫ࣬Ⱥ졢ۺ졢ƫϵ졣һϸ˵ëˢͺɫüʡ
װ˼׸Ů˾͵һҰ֪λױŮȥʾȻЩװݵļ۸ŵ޹ļϡɢװҲϼܣɫӰʹһϵжûеģֻвС
թƭƵ̼·ȫִӪֶߡЧӦȻǷֲۺ
װ棬ۺĸ۲ɫȽϾȱǸߵ۲ҴһЩʵе
ûе͵ЩױƷԭʱȽϹأԵ͵ûеģƽ˼ҵĹһܣҲһСеĴ֬ĴָСķװСӡ
̩ĹҲױֻױ˵Ϊò˵ĳֽ׼λ
̩صĻױƷȽϴֲڣ͵ϸĥıʯĩģŮڶͷ۾λͼΪʾԼߡ
ϻ۾䡢ëɽµȵȣǻͼڶǻױ
ͺĵõ˹ºԼ˾ѯʣΪʲôŮУûأѵʲôرĺ壬
󣺡
û뵽ױǲŮģԼˡ
͸Լ˾͹һС
õ廨࿪ʱ򣬶Сջļڵˡ

ӣũ¹٣Լλ˾һ𵽴
ĳʱջСǷǰζšǽʪһȻͬصĴС߳ࡣ
̩죬С󶼷ˡ
ǿóһСһֲȽϽҪһԡ
Ҳһ뷨Сģٷ˼˳ɹˣȫһԡû˵Ҫ̸ıСֲʽϾغ棬ҪϸһЩ
ʵģԶСġΪٰһС͵ᣬ˵ҪףСա
նó档
յᣬΪ˱Լ˺ǻѡױ̩Ϊϵױݿɢɳ棩
Լϰһڶͷ˷ۣ۾ϴִֵߣͷ۽ǡ۾·Լϲϸõͼڡ
ŮԳ˶ͷ۾λ촽Ҳչʾյĵط
ǶƻױƷ
˵Ȼ϶رģǴ󲿷־ȻЩԺ磬ЩǰױӡױݵĻ塣
ױ˹վڽ䣬оԼ롣
һ¶ᣬҲǳԺЩ£ٵ輧Ť壬һ̲ˮΧ裬˸ԿȾƣڵԭʼͿҰ
ɳķ§һþС椣ͷ˸ɫ۾۾·ɫĵǣϻɫģץ˵ĺۼÿòȻɽһƬױʵڲҲ̶á
ͷ˹ؾֿȺħ裬Ӱһɫ֬Ĵָһ㣬˹ͷһĨһСѾͳˡ
Ǿͻһ㡣Це˵
˹ҲôĴָһ㡣ΪҲҪͿԼͷϣû뵽һ˹ָ˲촽
סˣ⣬ǲЩˣ
˹ȴЦˣܳ
лҪ˵Ȼֹ֪֬Ĳ裬ƹȻǸŮ֮ѣʵˡ

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Ǹȡ˺ܶȤ֡ɫ߸֮Ϊīͨ׶üʽīʣճд֣ɫϵĴи, зɻࡣɫӰȸβ࣬۱ѩۣɫķ۱ۡ
Լϲȡʽ
üʺͺɫϵĴáɫϵĴʵõ, , , ҲӰ, ˵͵ġǮԸΪЩһǧ
Ҳ˺ܶ࣬ǿе̻˵ҪЩؼҸ߼
ûΪǮ˶ر, һֱĥ˹Ĩĺ塣
ǹĻģ
Ѳ̫дɫ۾
ǳʳһС¹, һʱزݴԡС˰죬˹һ糣, ֻһ
, ˹ճ㹻ˡ
֪ط, Լƺ˹ߵеֽ, ֵ֮仹Ҫ׽ȻϰΪоһ˿ԣ
ôٶ۵𣿡ԽԽò˼顣
졣˹һıɹ
ûӦ, Զſҧһ, մŵʽıɣ
еصŰɣȻע⵽˹ѾȻؽʣŵԼʱ, ̲סڵҵĿˮ
˹һۣһմһʽô᣿мѵġšǾò˼𣿡
˹㲻еô̽Եʡ
˹ǰ׾һŵĺΣԴı飬΢ЦܲӦô
Ҫ̵Ķ˯ڴϣұ˯
ԵĲϯϣػұ⣬Ҫţ̣ұ̺
˵˵ţͿ
£˹ѹʮȴЩͳɳƣ֮еǳ֣õʫ䶼ֺҵ˹ȥķҵ⣬ô
ض˹˫ۣ˫۳ˮһ飬û
ģһ߳ǰŵָ飬Լܻû׼ʵһҡ
Ȼ߾ܾ˹Ѿһɣ²ҪţֻҪסķߡеĺãӦõġͺ񻨶ڴţʵջһжȻġԣؾܾҲض롣
û˹˼ܾʱ֡ǲ̫̫顯ָо
˹һչ۲գûʲôеľٶֻʱȷ¡
ʵ󲢲ִǺ˹ˣ֣ǲǻøӣң˵칫ûк³һ֣˸ҲǮ˹ģָʧأ
ΪæҲǾ˼죬֮ø
һȵļڡ
ѾԹˣ´ʮȵʮңƣǿҡûвƤǱɹһյĵ¶ﵽʮȡŶڵߣȻΣգЩŰӳŹ̫ɹһˡ
Լũͤÿṩȵ裬СӡԽ죬ũͿ
ṩһЩͣСʱϢʱ䡣
ͬĴˮˣϢСʱ蹩ӦҲͺͽҩšһʼǶȣһСû뵽Чʷˣ϶һСʱһСʱɵٶȱ֮ǰҪ졣
Щ࣬ӣʮķķŵ㣬ÿŵ㶼һӥʹݵƵľơ
ŵ׳ߴңһ£ÿ춼ڴѷ裬ÿһԼѣ֢֮״ǶûЧ
ζȽϿ࣬úȣΪṩģ˻·һȥɻҲкܶӣϢһȥ
ʵϣصϰԼ
ʱȥܾȵط֣˶ʵĴҶĲñͿ˺ܶƺɫཬֱǶñӵˡ
ཬ࣬еһľƤĩַĩȽⶾãζɢó棬ƽŮϲĻƷʱͿôһཬ·ȱԼó˺Ҵﵽ¸ȵá
ǻۡ
ʵһûоȣһ룬ҲʮȣûеȺͿյһˮϴȥһȡ̩ҹ²ֻʮʮȣȫ԰˯ߡ
̩˲֪ԭǱʲôԭ򣬴ȣΪ˱ɹƤҪһӣͨ磬Ǻˮ͸ǲҪǮ
һ죬ҺͲֹͻȥʥɽµıԺ
Ȼǲ˵Ǽ죬Ҫȥʥɽģ˾ͬȥʵ֪Ǳȥġ
ʵһͲȺȥȥ
ǹͿ
ģһƢ꣬ʲô˳ۡһȥʥɽµıԺҪһСˡ
ȥʥɽŵµıԺѩڻɵϪˮ⣬ӱԺм䴩жȥصȣҲȥ˹µȡ̹ˣ˵̵ˣǹļǺλӶӺùˡ
˹ȣնǳӣӶѰ˵
˹˲ȣĪֵصɴ۾´Ķ˵ģ˹˺ȵѽ
˹ȣ
һֱΪ˹ǲȵģΪԷԼǰʱˬˬģƮŵص壬Ҳᱡú޸оԾǴ죬ҲųĿ
Ҫ֪Ϊߵ˶ϲźζһҪڸǺζĺζһھͲϲ˴̫ˡֻ˹⡣
վǰ÷ᰲ졣ΪһϸŮһԼҪ̶׼ΪһӲܾǰ£ֹ˹ڣҲˢøжȡ
վĪĪһЩеɵġ˵˹ˣһ춼ϴĴ衣Գһֱˮȴʱȡá
ҲеɵģΪ˹ϴһΡ糿ϴѣϴ˯ߣϴһ㣬Ҳǲ⡣
˭Ī˵˹˰նϴüΡЩ·˰Ͷϴˡ
ҡͷ㿴ˣ˹л·һһ·Щ廨ƶǲͬģϴ
ѽ£˹·Щ׵ġ
ֻһʼûʶɵĬһ£Ī򣺡֮ǰǲǶԡ
ǰɣĪҲȷֲ˹顣
ȥҲ𣿡
Īһ£϶صͷȥҲ˹ϲྻĲడ
ϲྻ˹ռ棬Ȼ󵽿һ·˹ȻЩɾһϴĵزһϴ裿ⶼϴͺƤ˰ɣ
뵽ÿγԼǰʱһˬ³ĺǿǵĲҩζǳǳˬ
鸴ӣһ뵽ΪˣﻹЩɶԷԼЩԵУȴûһ˿ķС
˹Ļƺ˦˦ͷƴĻ档
£ĪֵؿԴҿһûзɳ氡
ûʲô
Ȼ֪˹ģͲܿŲˡ⻹ûȵʱȳȵʱܺã
ǲóģ̫󲻷㣬¶̫͡ƷбģڼҾװϯرѡһɫϯϯ˹Ĵĳߴ磬һһӨЧº
˹ָϯʮֹ⻬ȴϸģ˿˿ģȵʱ˯ö
еµˡ
㿪Щ˼ûʲôǲǺͼһô֮ǰõԡˣɵľͺʺ졣ȡȻ죬Ҳ׼һ¡ѬȼһҹҲܣƵĲҲá
š˹ô۾һգգ
ͿһȣΪʲôʹһȥԺأ
Ҹߡȥ˱Ժˣ£껹ȵġڵߣҺܸˡ˹ƽ˵һжĻûκο
ŵĵطô룬ô˵
Ŷ죬
֮Ƕû˵·˼ȣģӸԼȷ磺ôôȰ
˹ֻЦ˵ѵõ죬һ㲻ȡ
ȸ㻻һʣԳȥһô
ɰȥţһ˫סˡ
ոԼʲôӦôǴ˵ķң˹Ͼ϶ǹģ
ᣬǸԷһʡ
ı߰ɴʣ̺õϯ룬ͷϷһźɫյֹ㴮ִϵĺɫӶϴѹɵģãȥȵЧ
Ūúûж˵ʲôˣ˹߽Լķ䣬˯ߵСǳɫɴʰӨϯǴϢķ䣬˿ȴһ˵ĺۼ
ͷϵִͷᡣ˹ľ̵Ľëһ£γǳǳЦ΢һ仨
лҪ˵ƣ


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ͬʱ, ĻױƷһֹԼ͵˹, ֹг
һֹʹõͣ޹²ݡɡƤȱϡ⼸ֱӲɹһ, Ȼֹ, һºֱϼܡ
Ĺֹ̰ϴˬĸоֹļ۸Ҳû׵ĳ̶, Ը̺СҲݺһ顣
ǵƽֺͥõһ, ƳһССģ齫ƣֹʣҺɵģûдĺã۸Ҳ, ƽһ, һþϲˡ
ǶСһ㣬Ҳ, ղһΣȥҪϡҪ֮ǰϴ塣
Ǽ̻ױƷ֮, ֹҲȭͷƷѾҪֲֲ͸ɫܡ
ȵԼ, Ҳʱ졣һѾ½˵˿, һС, īɫƹƤ, Ϻʵֹѡ
һϲ࣬޷µġȫ˳ϡĺ׳־ֻûĳˡȫĺӳϡÿӶֻܵõһСƬ
԰ڼȫ͵, ͵ĴҡУϾǵڶգִ֪ܶöˡ
ԼϣȻҺһ֣
һ͸ˮĹˣһյĹ֮ÿ˶ԵһСƬϡ
ʣµļͷŵ̫Щ˾͵ͬĽֳˣӣֲˮ
һĿµ̸ʡ
յҹ¶ͥԺϣűϪˮݹ
ϣ˴ȣһ̧ͷǳһģڵ״̬
ϳúܺãƻۣɳ֭࣬ˮûбϸʺˮһҧȥҹ磬һ¾ͰѰյɨߣˬڣÿһڶ˱֭
һĵȴмֵģϲŽ찡
һ¾пϣԼ˹һ˾ͺǣһָǡΪ٣һֵֵָֻܷôһС飬ǳԵʮϧֱ϶˲Ųȥ
ɫҪռֲࡣɳأʺֲҲʺϷǿЩϡѾкܶԾԾˣǶֶ֭ˮ
̩˶Ͻãֳȥϣ˵ƤûжҶˮֳƤһ߲˶óԡЩҲúñ׼괺ȥ
ͳȥ̫࣬ƶߵĺﶼżӡ˻߼չȴࡣչǷֹģر壬Ǽ򵥵ĿǮĻ
һ죬ϻΪز洦ɼҲϧԶ˭ǵġ
ߵʱ䳤ֳһѾһЩܹˣͬĹܹϻһܡϷӵġ
˹һͷ飬˾Żվһߡ
˹һϲԼ˦ƹ񣬵˹ϲΪ
λδڵҪӣ֮ûйÿ춼ҪһЩʱ䴦ԼϽĵط
ټдĲҪ
˰غʲͬʱҲҪһЩϸµĹƼ֪ĴˡĹᡢΪΪףȼȵȡ
˹ĹˣͬʱϵȨҲ
ٸԽ齻иͷҩ˼£µĺڷ·˼ꡣ
ȴͻȻƳһ㣬һ飬»иԼļ̳ˡ
²˹ѹܴʦʦֵܶ
ճһ֭ϣƤһŹƤСľͰתͷ˹ü֪ʲô£üʲô𣿡
˹һɵ棬üͷ΢壬Ա𣬲ЦһµļʦӸͨ飬Ҫ顣±Ӧǵгһɮ£Ҫͨһ
ͷ鰸
ּ֤ʷĸо
ˣҡҡοһЩһǵһ鰸ʲô𣿡
ӵȴĸµڴ飬˹̲סЦҲͷбȥͷͷźᵽǴֹζ
ȻûرĹ涨̩ƽһֻһɷһӡϲסһΪޣǼ˾ĻҪ׼һҪһ㣬뿪ҲҪһ㡣
Ҫдֵڻѳ£ӦʵĻҲҪӸһЩ˹˵Űļ󿴡
ּ˾µôʡ
һ˻ȴͲǻ˻Ůһ˯ͽͨ顣ǶԷӻɷȥ״棬ͨҪ޴һ£
ҴһĽǮ
˾ͨˣӿԴ˼ױͻڼΪͥ׬ȡƷͽǮԴĶŮ˻Ҫ⳥ԷԼƲһĻ⳥һ˵鷽ʽ
ô˵ͨļ˾һҲŲͨ鷽ʽ
˾֪׼Ļ£ҪȥƻʧȥĲƲһ㡣Сʮֽƻ飬ǰˡӻõһУ˾Լķӡغ󡣡Ҳνľ
һʱˬؼһ᳡ʵȻС˾ͷôأΪ죬Ϊѡ͡ĻԼ
˴ʦְ᳷𣿡ʮֺ档
ĴѾõͷ˱޴һ£ΪΥּĳͷʧȥӺŮмеĲƲ̷̫Ҳͷ
˹ŵһߣùһŮʪ鲼һֻոùϵֻ֣ͷָ
ʶҪ֣ЩΪĽָȭԼ
˹֣ɿ֣ʪ鲼ݸ
ҪȥһߣһЩ߰˸᲻Ĺ鷳һ߲һʡ
֪ԼİȫϵźܶͰкܶڱҵҲġԵˣΪԼͻ룬˵ļƻۡ
ûе£ڿлסôǵĴڻʲôֵ
ǸߴӣʱԵôĹ޺˹һѹԼĵĴôˣһʲôʧ飬Ϊ̳˵Ĵٶԥİ

ӵĵλ̫⣬ʱɣûгΪ٣㹻Ȩ֮ǰܱͱȥ
黹кܶ࣬ҾͲˡξԼһȥһ䡣룬˵ʵһ˳ȥ͵ǳɡ
˹˵ǲңҲҪһȺ˵ģûзֻ΢Цſһŵɷ򣺡ڼ
лҪ˵ճ
Ⱑ

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ǿȵļ, ĵر¶ﵽʮȣҾۼˮĵط, 跢ŵĵص֡
̩ƽͥͨغŮڼ֯չ˺ˡûʲôطȥ, ڼſ֡
ӣ֮, ˳ȥ, Ůڼͷ֯, ǾͻСһЩĺӳߣһ·ߵӣ
Ǿۼڼķŵص㣬иߴľ, ǻܺƤΪԼͺҪһڵĲˮùľͷӷһٿ, ֮һ˻ٿȥˮݺݽݼΣ͵ϴ, ó̫ɹá
ۼ˶ˣ˾Ϳ̻, ǰ˺ܶ˵СƷﷷЩȾɫ, ʵľЬ, ĥ״ɴ, ҵǵ
Զʫ˺˵ĸš
ٵĿ꺬עȺ, һİºù¡
Ůڶ֫ѶȵļԵĲ
̩˴ܸ裬վ衣ʱǸоȵģֻл֡
˴, ŲԸؼңһҲ̲ספ㿴
ûмúáūƲƲ죬ͬʱʮ־ְĽϯһպڵƽϣ˿͡
찢÷СˮΣĪҪչ˼ǵŮİūСūޣķǷڱ˼ңһܳΪ˳谮Ůϧ鰵Ͷ˿ܹעö֮ūԼˡ
˫۵ӵǾ޿ܰϷĹġ
Ѿ͹ܼպͳﰢĶӰˣȥĶ졣

֮һͽūݣΪǵ渺𡣰ƽ֮ʸȢŮū
ǽʱһʮֺʵĶӤһϸ޲޲ǧٶ̬滨ݣһһƶһ˿ϣů͡
ǽգһֻʶ죬Ĳˣǽ顣ϹܼոжúۿһɷİǼҲȰ
ڰҪ͵ʹõţȺͭ磬ţͭǼʮҪʣԹ˱ضʮεˡҪÿȥũūţҪϸĵزñص磬һ쵽æµ
𿴹ܴ治֪Ľһ㹻Щͬ˰ҧˡ
ūԴʮ⣬ϧԼĸĸ֪ŮһɷѵܵҲūԥܾˡȲ˵ûȨУҲɡ
̩ûиТ˵֮Ƕĸ塣ū˵Ϊ˸ĸһ仰һϿɣȥƻԼڵⲻ߼
Щӿǲ֪ġߵЩ˵ˣͷ˻˭ǸӴȥ鷳ţôǾͻ볹׵鷳
ֻݣ۲ΧĿСˣҲǵĶԻ
˵顣Ѿ޺ˣʯͷĵػשǽ壬ͲݶڣŮÿڽȥĶ׿ӣ߻ҪһСŵıء
ÿˣһϴүһϴ裬Ǹغϴǻһ룬ǳָɾĲƨɵĴҶӣüŶӾܻȡ
в
յģЩʯͷ׿Ҳʯͷģ׿һбȣϴܷ㣬ͨҲáϴߵķʯסķ﷢͡
ʹðºȥһΣĴүϸûкصζҲûۿɼۡȻܺСᷣһЩϵ
ˣϵĺ첼úúǡЩ첼趼ǸֵѡѲϸĴ衣ҲУΪѲ߶ӡ
شСҲˣץסͬҪġ
һʼӦͻȻǿƵҪǱǱԹȻһͰȴ쳣֡ǵ죬ͻȻ˵ĶĵζҲС·²ȵʲô״Ķó涼˺ܶ࣬ΪЩҲˡ
ǺȻ͸ܵ˲ĺô
ڵ˵Լһʼôôù
Ҹ˵ûбǿƯɾĳˡһܽᡣ
ѾӦ˹Ĵڡϯϣһֻϥϣաӻ¶һϸĽӣϦ·貵Ľɫ
ǹ壡Χ˱ͲҿǣøԶˡ
ЩӺܴˣĵĿסҲգЦˣԹɵµϣȤ𣿡
ͷһ͸ĺɴԿ棬ȴ
ɵµϣ
һȺ߼֪ʶӣÿնĿȾԸһЩҲЩ˽⡣ɵΪǳ⣬Ծ
ɵһңԶ̩֮Ϸ
ɵŮңﵱĶŮӣҲŮ̳Сÿ궼ܳ
ϣ̩ÿ궼ҪȥһϻѬ㡣
ԣĹңҪ˵û˴ǲʵɵµĹ񣬴Ůÿ˶ѱ޵һѺ֣ﻹʢʹѬΪֶεʦ˵ЩʦβϽ˱ɿܡ
˵ͦ࣬ĽȥɵµȫûҾ֪ȻȴӲӡ
ȻǹɵµϣӦ㱻˶˲Ŷԡµʡ
С̶ӣ࣬ЩܼҴƲϣҲԸΪұ֤Ǻöʶ㣬һ֪ҺŪġ
һԷȤϣԼϵһһľͷ񻨵ĺӣһɹɵϸĸ֦ĲԹɵµϡ
һֽӹľӣһ£øɾ鲼ס͵ǰ
һԭݼԣԭʱһʮңȵĺɫûаߵͲˡһ£ûˮйɵζ
һ־;ϲ
򣬿һֻˣ
ٸ˼ңֻҪ־ʹãûм룬ҲЩɫس֣ӹؽڵָⶼһɫϸ𪣬ָǴĥģƬֳָ࣬õ졣
ָϻһ䣬һǶȶĻˮһ֪ǶƷЩϵȫһȼ
̶͵һ˫ۣһ˫־֪λǴСԼ·ûִ۹ݴĹӵܡ
͵ֲŴ󷽣ϲĶںǮ
Ļᡣ
֮⻹𣿡

ͷУкܶࡣ
кվԶͬЩͬҲóһЩƷЩ϶õúܺãǵعš
һһչʾд󲿷ֶС㡢𡢰ϳϣҲûҩȽټġ
˼ԼͷȽٵϣԱˡ
͵͵ֻܿһɴҲȷԷ˼ԥһ£ұ̫ߵļ۸ʱȨûκεĵλģʮ鲼
Сĵıһ߲͵ļ۸۸е׬ҲᴥŭЩ׼
ﻻ㣬۸ʮֺͷģ˳ȥ͵㶫ûдźܶΪҵ鲼ͱǡ
˵û鲼ʲôҪ𣿡
û뵽廹ͦ˵ˣû鲼Ȼ
ΪһĹ壬ֱ߲ǺҪĲֵĶ㣬ǲҪҪʱЩȼ۵Ѿ𻵵ĶҲûа취ܸߣҪ͹˴򽻵Ҳܴ
ʣзɻ𣿡Сʡ
󣺡
лҪ˵ƣҪǽ𻨸ࡢ໹Ƿɻࣿ


71 71 

Բ, ̫ðˡһԷ˵ΪԼð, ̵Ǹ
⣬Ҫƿ̫ϤˣһûзӦ
֪ЩױƷﴽ, һС޾Ҫһķ֯ŮԲһĹʡû뵽˻ҪϻȡЩױƷ
Ҳɺ, γʱϾʹһױƷµֹ, ׼Щʱ͵ҹŮȥҹŮƫѾ޺, ˿ʯ
߽ר޹ࡢױƷԡƷ
֮ǰ̫ĶѾתƹǱԺרҩƲˡ
ȻЩױƷôȴһϼܾͱĴ, Ըվ͵ò䡣
ЩûŮԶڴǮ, ҲСֺԼˡÿĨһԼ촽ϣʹһ, 촽Ʊ䵭촽ɫй, ӵеĻڻ, ûеĸõ
ƿ˱һ, ҡ, , һƿͿˡ
óһԲԲСһչޣһССýۻƵƶ䡣ֵܲóһķĻɫ޹²ֹڴԱߣıꡣ
˴Ϊϲ, û뵽иĽࡣ
ֹֹ֣Ա̫ѺãرƿڣǸɴȡ࡯ܶ˼ȥϴϴ᲻á
˶֪ССһ飬ǼϺõͺһصĻɵģ֮棬ǹ棩ҲȷʵãϴˬֲȥˮˮģʹãƤˡ
ҲһùǵȻ֪ıȥôĸ߼
̶ֹ޹򲻵١ǮȥҲռʮ顣ֱ϶ǶƵġ
뵽˵ˡ˿϶ǿĴ壬˵·Ūɻͽء
ʵ̫ˡϲüңСĽӹȻӹޣһʯ֭һɫƮźչ԰͸ӵƽĸ滹ǳǳӡһӵĻΡֻ̫ȣ廯һЩĻеģˡ
˿⾫ĶţҪͿڴϣöôƯô𰡣Ȼɻ֮
ֿķһӡžͼĻɫֹ͸ʸУССɫ޹²ݣûôŨҵŵĵġ
ܴعЩǮĹ壬һ˾ֵˡ
˳ͷŪ࣬㲻ߣˣһͬļˣǴŶ޳ıʯͱĻ̺Ȥ𣿡
ߵĶǱģܺã˵㹺ȤºܸߣҲһЩˣԡֻﲻ˵ĵط
ûлȥԼķӣȥ˿վרд͵һԺ
ЩЩǣǮǣһ·ԺԺﶼˣһһжܹϸѵѵصŮЩС͵ĴʱЩͭͷĵյ϶Ѿ͵ơ
Щԭûʸ񱻹ӴСˣ˿ܾãҲֻǽӴһЩũǺʱ̣΢ЦǳǳŮǣϸߵȹ;ΣСЩ޴롣
εҪԼķκ˶ѥ
ӣͷͺӣԼ糾͵
ͬ˶סһˣ˹˾ʲôˣȻԴľ
˹ԼҲ˵ݣֻܿ϶һλʮеλĹ壬Щ˵ֻǿ֮ǲĿˡң֪λ˿ֱ÷ɻͽҽء
ȻĶˣС˺ͣסˡ
λ˵
սսһ̵ϯϣŮŲʻ̽ÿһµķͭһŮһһһɫơơ
־ñʵĳҶƣζȽϵдҪĿˡ
ĵơҲЩСܳ
Ȼ̣гĶС׼Һܿʰ飬һԾԾԣҪԼѹ׵ƷһԵؽܳȥ
ĺЯĶҲ廨ţʲôͶСһЩĺӡè񡢱ɫȵȳ
ʵʲôҲȱҪȱʲôûڣΪʾĻɫë̺иɫʯԼϣ߶иõģѡʱΪޣƷֻһ۾ͱˢˡ
û٣Ӹˡ޺ð˵˵ööˣ۸
һȸëɵ˿߱֯ĳۣпǵزӵ˵пǵĵһƷпǵĹĳ󳼵Ů֮ǰĵһߣһļ屻ѰһɴѹҲʧˣѾʧ
ⱻõѾ꣬Ϊ֮ǰһֱ۵Ĺ
ˣѹס
˵Ļֻһ룬ΪӵȷȫʹһŽ˿īɫ˿ߣȥޱ˳ڳĺ˵㣬ͷһ˿ڳľͺˡ
һкܶûĥȻˮʯ飬͸ҲܺãȻһһ˸ߵˮ󾧶Ҳһ
ǶˣǶʢƽͱʯñʯ󽻻ֹǶ̩Ҫֹ
ЩͺͻౣꡣùߣͲˣ֪İɣһôҲڻ
ллѡСĽֹ
һӱˣҪһЩϺҩģó鲻С㣬ǻҰɫģʮء
˵Ӻϼ񵽵ģտʼкʸõȳζˣȼһСƬкǿҵʮϡһֱš
Ҳ˵һԴ󺣵ϣȽټȻһ˫ļ۸񡪡ֱýӽ㡪һ;ӻɱĶͻϲĸ߼Ʒ
˹˵һʮĹңû뵽ԹҲôų⡣˶ҪĻױƷֹȴǼûƽ
˿Цϲܡ
Ǽٻˣ̩ǻûٺ󽲱Ļоᵽݳ޶ȡصᵽȻɴװι
ʱɫֻһֺţճҺȾɫΪ̲ĺţÿ궼һˣɫǳ󡣾̩ҲֻҸԼɫӣװι붼ģԺɹ
ȻɫɴװιôһŸΪ̩ʵƿڴһ
Ҫڹݳ޴ɫд
ϸ룬̩пųɷ֣ɫɴװιӦòǼٵģȷʵݳޡһǧֻţһȾأһɫɴ
˵Ļûϣ˵һ䣬ϣһοϿ͵дͿԡ
Ҳ߸˵һ
ȥʱ˹ָ޹²Ѭϼó档
˺ͷ޹²ݵãѬӡֻǹˣƽҲһǲɼҰ޹²ݣɹˮȻһõʱȼһͷͿˡ
޹²ƶҲʹõȻ㡣
̩Ĵ˵ǴӱǨģȢ˱صĹպԭס֮γµĹ̩
̩סѾм꣬⼸ʮ顣
̫ǰµıڻܣһֻɫƤٸԲȺһǳɫƤٸȺںһڵ̩ˡ
ǹʱϼǱߵ֣ҲһЩϣ޹²ݾһ֣ͬʱҲһֶڵ֮һ
̩صϲ࣬ƽͥҲ⿵ʱ۲ˡСССϣϡٵϺڵֻȨõݳƷ
˹һˡͺܸ˵ĸ˹һܱ쿴˺ܶȤ£͵ʱ㡣ˣʲô
㡢Ƭۡʯ֭ν˹΢ЦŻش
治Ц䣬ϲġ
лҪ˵ճ
Ŀ~
psһҺܾǰеԶҪдһƪģƪķŻῪʼ׼ھǸ뷨hhh
ο
֣1һվħ2α¸پҵ3ħ˯š4Сʹкõ龡˵лл
İ£
αRD-17Ϊĳϵͳ⣬һħ磬ҳΪħħѪħ壬ʵǿɮ⡣
ںڰǺڰ֪й⡣⡯үүѡԸ󣬡ȻͲҪٱȥĺúÿһµɣҹ
ҹá
ϵͳүүúÿһ粻úóһ簡ǸȦѾʮˣ
үүҹӦĳƫԶС򣬾˵סħǵûκ˼/
ҹ
ɡǡ
ĳ⣬ҹɮع⣬ħֵһ
ǻǰҹţȴҹڴ̨ϣŹ⣬Ͼ
ɣҲ˯ţ
cpħܣҹ-ħǣ

72 72 

ȵļкˮﲻ֪͹ȥ, ϵϯӻ鲼ϸϸ̺߱֯ӡƻʯҲȥɫͽɻɫĲľһ㡣
ҵȴõ, ̩ȫΧֲ׶ӭ˴գһһո׾Ͱ׵ص﹡ϣǹÿһӾҪ̾һ
Ҫɹɲܾô, Ҳʯĥĥϸϸ, Сֲһ, ǱȸɶӺóԶ, е
׸ѿţϣʱţҲܶˡ
Ȩ󣬿ƽͥЩҲ, Ҳջˡֵ, ϵøϸĻһЩ, ֵò̫ࡣⲻ࣬ҲȵһصĲˡи˼Ҹܲ־ϲ, ƽߵ˲ϲ
˹, Ե괺ˣ
ջ˽ʳ, һľȼ, ԼȥһЩȨǻӺۣ㳦ʼ֮, ʳĹ̶ƶߵ˽ùһЩˡ
ǽջɹĥɷۣȻ
ĥϸϸģõ㡣ƽٳԵС, ǵʳǸֶӣһͱĲʯͷһĺǺҲģϾĿڸоͱЩöˡ
겻ֶˣסһ߳һĴա
ֲ׵ȨǳԹĵģһ񫣬ͷ˴ʳûСϸɿڡ׺ܺóԣóԣҲóԣ԰ڸнˮʳ
׵ĸ˿ι󣬰ɾİӿĥɷۣͬι
׵ȷһ
ֺõʳԼƹ㣬ԺͶֲ
ʱֿʼֲС󡣽ĶСգȴСߺܶࡣ֪ϢҲóһӣ꿴СĲǷıȴСĲߡ
ֶСһ룬һֻƶ
ջ˺ܶƶˡ׺ŴסûСɽǱߵĵҲˣǵĲĻҪһЩ
ջĵȫ͵˿󲹸ǱߵũͥӺͼѼüʿȥǱ߿ҪĶˮҪֲģҪȥũ
Դԯֵ֣¸ֲͶеڸպýһֶͶ͵Ǳˮȥ
ҩҲҪӲҩũҲҪӡ
ūѾȫūݳΪƽ񣬵ʱûлÿĻڡҪ˿ｼһĵأŸ޽ӡ
ҪиݣԤأպóɼҵġҲ˵ˣһϲĹֵܷһӣȥҲԡһʵӰڵĹǾȻȥһѵĶûС
Ҳ˹ˣѪյͣɼô
ʵ˹ʧЦ£ģҲøһʶŮĻᰡǲǳѵ˼ＸŮмδԵĻ᣿
û뵽һ磬εˣΪһҸͬһѵʿ׵˹ʲôõĽ𣿡
ǼȻѾūֱ⣬֪ٹ⡣ҲΪһֻĹʲôҪĲֻۡδĹﲻ࣬ȴ٣һ
٣޺ʵĵŮˡ
ԭҴҵ˹ڲġΪʱ̣ûоӪȻû㹻δĹڲ
Ϊһ١
Īһֹ԰׽ƬͼĴүļӸС
ţǱ˹ʣҪΪҽôҪôôͥ𣿡
һ⣬Ѿˡ
˵Һͱһأڿ棬ҵĵطǳɼңһ޽ӣܻһڸ֡вУΪΪҷı֮һ
֮ⶼԱԺΪˣ͵ԼĲƲźӰȥҲû
ˣˣûж
ͻȻ֪뵽ʲôЦ֪ˡ
ȴ˵Լ֪ʲôֻЦеسһֽʼͿͿдд˹Ҳûʣ׷׵ˣ˻ŮˣܲϲҪ֪ġ
ûжã˹Ϳ˻٣ȴΪףһڿ͸ûŮķ֯
ķ֯ڸпﱾصķ֯ŮһٶˡҪˡΪ޻ˡ
ҵĵ޻Щջ޻Ѿ˷֯֯ŮҪѺʣȻʼߡ
ʵ֤޻Ӧãô޻ȡǿȷĽ
ֵ޻ر࣬϶࣬һרֲũת޻ķ֯ǻ
ʮ˿ڣ޲Ҫʮ˵ĹӦҪṩ̶ӣôֲɲС޻ԽԽ࣬޲ҲԽԽࡣ
˹Ѿڿ꿪µֲ޻ӦҲһ뷨
֯ڱС
޻ֲ֯мô
ñϸʵı޲Ǹ߼۵鲼鲼ǿһҪ֧ϳƷ۸޲һ֧ͻ٣ǿԹ·Թúʵޱ
޲Ϊ̩ȭͷҵԸͬʱڡ޻ӹ޲ȾɫԸ߼ֱԹֱӳڣڽóתó˳
ܹŮԾҵԼǿŮԵľʵ̩Ů׬ȡǮԼģԼͥĹֱӾļͥλŮӵ׬Ǯǵӻùܶࡣ
û֯бģһû֯ЧԶԶԽʱ֯Ϸҹ֯ڷװΣװƷҲ˺ܾòڡҾװΡҵ
ľ¹֯֯ŮӦ֯ҪֽŲã󲿷ַ֯Ůʾ֮ǰĺáֻҪˣǵٶȿһ֯Ĳϸܣƽ
֯ʽµĹѾ޽ˡ
ɳСȥֵԼׯ֪ͨʮʮ£Ϊ֯ŮԣĳµĵĳЯؿߵ֤ȥ֯пˡ
֯ҪµŮ¼ȡԺΪҷְҵŮˡ
ϢһƽҵĹһЩϱͷˡ
Ϊҷй̶ʣһв͡ô׵ûĸƽ˼ҵŮܾܾ
֯Ů룬ֻҪһֱɵʮꡣŮһ
һʲļױҲѡõɷ򡣸˿׬ȡúԼϽ𣬻Լڼͥĵλ
ʱŮĹ̫࣬ƽŮĹ͸١һշ֯ŮĿˣԺܶ˵ԾŵĻᡣ
˶ʵڲõĹͼͥĹ˶ԾԾԡ
лҪ˵ƣ֯ܶ
Сô


73 73 

ɯ, һϢɯĸ˵ؿԼŮ
ɯСׯܿͥĸ⿡ˡ˼ʽͷ֯
֯һŮյļܣΪƽͥļò϶Ů˵ķ֯, һЩŮ֯ĲܺãȥõĽǮŮԼģǼҪ롣ŮõŮ, кǻгϵֻ
ɯǸܴҲƴĹ, Ŭѧϰ̶ʱ䲻, Ѿ˷֯ļ, ֵñЩСӴ֯Ĺá
һвûдۣӵżӵָ֪ⶼˮ, , ĥˮݣظġ
ɯĸÿ쿴첻ߺ֯, ÿֻ˯һƽҲȥ, ѧ, ʲôѧۣʲôĹ, һŮƴŬ
֪ɯĶ˾, ɯƴˡϸ֪ŮѰ, ɯȥӡôȥأ
׼ˣŬΪӮһ볡ȯ
ɯϦµĵطһҪ׷һ, Խ˸мͰ飬ǹϵ񣺡ǰһϢ֯һȥģķ
ӵõϢʼ͸ׯŮͿʼ̹ɿ֯ܡڸ۵˯ŻƤĨ;ļᶨ
Щйϵ˼һߺţϧһǵĹϵܾˡ
ƸӵԸġңҰȥҲûðûб»ǻᱻڷ֯һˣÿ¶Ҫÿ˵ҵ͵ĶҪ̸ϸֱߡ
ܷ֮֯һϵеĹأû߹
Ūƶȣÿ¹ɵﵽĳ׼нԽཱԽࡣ
˷֯ŮĻԣһЩǿģǽͱȵϻʣĳЩŮ˫ʡ
һЩȽģٵ˵ģĳġȫ߳ȥ
ǹϵ޵ʮˡ
ָĿʱ䣬︽ׯŮ첻ͳˣż˵ף׼ǰһԸ¡
û뵽ȥ·ϣѾվһЩһӣһѲӡǾŻ棬һӣзӥƶͼ˶֪ӵı־
ǰ·ΣգҰ޺ѲӡЩƤǿӲ˵
Ů˶Щ͸жЩûл޵ͷͺӶɾ࣬ôǿ׳ʿĺ
ӵǿ׳彡Ժп϶Ҳ׻Ź̶룬ʴȵߣûл䣬ǸĶ
ҪΪѡʽ֯Թǵ˼һ£ֿٸķ֯
ڷ֯棬ͬһػһΰѼʣµĵȥˡ
ѾˣԼհɡ
һЩСỹӵΪʲôǴһƯţƤƤףҪý೹ϴͷ룬ҪݳԿǡϳɵսʿȴһӵµ⣬ǷǳϻһƬ࣬۽ȴעȺڵЩǡ
ûд̵ƤйŨܵͷɱӡزС΢͹ֱ⣬ŷ͡ص㣬ٲر̩ı׼ˣرʿĿ⡣
ΪãĹ϶
һЩ
뵽ʿóԼõ״̬ʯһվ
żĿȸһƴչʾԼںװĹңѽ
ҲȷʵˣǲʿܹشǿһԼ뷨˼ûУһţһĴȣĿһֱ۵ĳȡ
ѽһȾ֪ˣ½ޣԺҲҵĺ֡
ʿǱ񿴵˶ˡ
һֱ֯ĴŴ򿪣Ǳ߹˿ߵ֤һڣǹɻȵղȴһЩ
ţǵսŮԼڲȼˣ˴֮䶼ǾߣյʱˡЩţЩﲻɫЩһţеĹһҰףֱ͸߿ϵĿһһ
ɯһ΢һ
һŮֹȷһŮһ֯ŮǰҪ˵ģڸԡǾжԷ߸еŮȥһŶӡ
ο˵ĿٶǹרŸ֯ŮǷ֯ŮٮٮߣŮ١
ǵԭŮ׼յŮ𣬲ʵģص˹˹ǰæѡ
պĹ߻֮ǰѡϳɸŮЩֱӶ𣬵󲻻ܷ֯ΪһԣŮԵĹ״õӰ졣
ܽ˲⣬ӡ
ˣô˼֯ߣʱķ֯ŮԵء
ŮѾ߽ȥûֽ䴦߳ˣǰ鿴˹
Щвöһ˸㶨˹һûв֣Ҳû㡣ͻȻеȻʧǱһ뿪ȥ׶԰ΪӦãû뵽ԷúܺãԼ£ԼԷԼ˯
ǵķ˹衯
Ȼ֪Ҳһֱڸ޹ˮϵͳ飬뵽ͬʱ֯ѵĺ⣬˹ﻹǸпǧ
ϲĴʱҲϣԷԼ
˹Լⲻǡ΢ЦŹϲ󣺡Ժ޲Ϊÿ̩˶õĶϣ
תͷһЦϣ
ҪЩŮܸʿƽͥƷ֯ŮӵµҲġ˹еĿֳ
ûУʿǰԼķ޳ѵؿѳ˷Ӻ͵أŮٴһЩƷ޽ǲһ̧ͥͷգڡӣһ·ʱδŮӣ£ۣһɡ
˹һǸ棺һ
˹ĵĵ뿪ӣɢϵҶ
·˽ŲҴңûб֮ɫһЩ˱߱ʲô߽˲˵ֲ׵¡˼ҽǰԺ󣬽ԾɻǱ֪ﲢһźһЩЩƶ˼Ȼˡ
һأȴջ㹻һҳõʳⲻҸô
ЩǵˣһССӳһ꣬Ʒˣˣȷʵӡ˹˵ȥ׵ֻһС֣Щȥ׷յľž͸ˡ
󵹾ã˼У
£³çֻ鷳ˣһһֱףҪͶ֡껹ṩӽ𣿡
ģֻǿļᣬطҲһĹҲʹ߹ӡ
Ųһ٣ʹߣô
Ѿ·ˡϲ͸ۿڴϢ˵׷յ£ɼůͺҲܳɻֻ²ֻ̩Ҫ֣ܱ߼ҲҪ֡޴޿ɾҩľ˶¡
⣬ɵӰһңӦӰһƬһ½
̩ӰȽΪø٣ʳͶȱ̩սֲǳԱ˳ŵģΪ̩ҵһ֡
ܱ߹ңǶƽԭʳȽ㣬ӰҪСӰСԹ壬԰յӰǴġǵľЩģȻʳӡӣҲҪ̽һ̩
˹ϲ̩׷֮󣬵õϢĸҵסˡ̩ܱ߹ֵĶѾ·ϣǴűزһ׵ļơںȵʹѾҪ
һյϢͳˣ˵ǰ档
ʹǺȵĳ
лҪ˵ƣԹᣬҪƴ㲻һѣô֪˲ᴹࣿ
ƣʿϲĹһȥ㲻ϣ˾
ԤȷͽСһվħ
İ£޸ģ
αRD-17Ϊĳϵͳ⣬һħ磬ҳΪħħѪħ壬ʵǿɮ⡣
үүҹӦԵĳƫԶС򣬲һֻСޡС
̹
ΪѰʵı˵Ǽħǵϣûκ˼/
ҹɮع⣬ħʳһ⡢һ
ԴУ
ҹλⲻǷɱǸ
ɡޡء
һ֮ҹ֮Ǵ˵סǸС
ĳҹڷߵϣС̹壬һߴ͵͵ţ׼ȥѹǡһ̧ͷȴҹݶϣŹ⣬ŷ磬Ͼ
ɣҲ˯ţ
ޣء
cpα/ħVSС̹/ħ

74 74 

ΪŮڷ֯, ԻŮԵλϱҪһЩһĳ, ʵСż̳˵ġȹĳûиһԼ̳ˣûбԻͷ׼̳˵Ļ
ȨΪϵҲû, 췴, ̳˵ǹ˵㡣
Ȼ, һʼ񶼺ܷԡ
ȻȺܶͥŮԼ̳, λеԣΪûķաͷŮԻӵʵ̫ˣλĲۡ
ǳһ, Ѿܴ, Ǻϸļ̳ˣʮֽ, ܳɹһ̳ˡôΪʲôҪֳɵȥѡһʸߵĺӣ
Ҫ֪Ůʣûкӵʸ, СӱȳĿԸ
⻹һҪ, ǣŮѪͳĸĸϵ˼, Ŀǰ󲿷ֹҶѭһ㡣
ɳȳǵһĺ, ǸСкĸȴֻһСԱŮСкλɳȳͺܶ, ɳȳλҲĸݸߵĹʲô£
ʱһɧСкĳһλĺΪĸסǸûк, ϸǹӣϾͽɳȳһ㡣
Ϊڳ̵ĶӼλҲƴˣһͱĹԱַˡ
Ǿһ
ȹ˼ǣλǶӼ̳УŮ飬ӹһʱ䣬ֱʮ꣬ŮͿԹݡһӻʮ꣬λǳġŮҪأΪ˲ӵĵλ϶Ҫ޵ȥǻᲹױ
֮Ϊ
ɳȳһ½ĺӣ˼̳ˣ֧ʻһ
˼ͷ֮Ϲʼڰѳ޳ȥˡ
ȵĹرãǳԼ뷨
С̳۽ͺŮӲһӲԼȨƵĿһʱԼСֵΪ壬Ů
ִҪ޳ȥôͱʼΪԼˡ
ΪǸСֵܣֻϵĸܶùֵǡλעҪʧȥģϡ
ǵģƳʹʵΪԼѰѵ
ѾˣǿԼгһմĸȥ
۹ĵһȨƺܴӵĳصĶͳȨͳȨڹ֮⣬ΨһŮɳ׼·ߡ
Ȼ±˽߻Ϲûء
˵ɳǸŮӣʳҲġֻ̩ÿԻһЩӡ
ɳȳȴ¡õϢ̩ƶһֲ֯ߣ֯ĲҪá̩ӣдķ֯˺͸ӸЧ֯Ů֯ڵ̩˵ͭһҪ
Ů֯һ齨ŮΪԼ׼ļױ
鲼ǺȶڵһҪʣ̩ҲڲϣԺȵĲϲҵɾ޴ɳȿ̩ӶԺȿܲӰ졣
Ǹ̳˳ڣĸѾȨϵͼϵɢ˽˾ӡ֮ǰ֧һѶҲתͶ˷
ڷ

ҾܾΪʲôƺȲԵݡ
̫ƴˣ̫ʤˣһֻҪһӡ
Ҫϰ񶷣Ҫǿ׳壬µ˵ҪԼò
Ҫ̫ˣסظҪ¶ȣϲڼŮˡ
ҪЪ˹ҪҪˣҪˣ˲ϲ
ǡ
ƴѹֵܣΪ͹ԱϿɵļ̳ˣ̳˵λãѵ𣿲Ӯġ
񶷣δʿΪӮȡʤĸѾӭʤʱǶô
ˣѵȨӦеȨô
Ъ˹ˣֻɱˡ
ɳȹЦǸ˸ңΪΪŮġ
˲ϣΪŮǾɱºȡ
ϣΪŮǾͰȥõһУֻǲȨġ
ӳԺ󣬽ܵľΪĽܵġû˿
̩ɳȳΪԼѡĹҡ
ɳѡһ̩ӣϵĵλǿһɳķӣ̩϶ļ̳ˣһεĹǵƣԼıºȣúȳΪ
лĺɫɳķӣɳȸ̩ӡ
˵̩ӱܱһε̫Ӱ롣һʹĹԱС㱨ռ鱨
ɳȹϣƤȹѥϹͭ䵶һȦһرĸҰԡ͵ľ˵еҡ壬һʣʹӲţ
ţȺҲмʮܱβ档Ա˵
ɳȹ
Լ°ͣͻȻһʲôӣ̩Ȼϵܣֱ޲ðƵȥʵ˼
ɲΪЩվļ˾ǵˡѲȫ嶼õʲôͣǸ
ɳȹԽԽһԣѾȲҪһˡ
ʹŴŸĿģӲͬȻ½½ǾסдʹŵıԺ˵ӣҪ̩һ棬ȻⱻܾԷ˵æ
ôææһʱ䶼ûУʹǲţϻǽɡ
ʵӴĹԱ˵ѣȷææѹľ͡
ľֵⷢģϷһ︽ġǰľһرˮţ͹е񣬶ǲҪġ
ľ;ʹӹǻûзľ͵ô
˹棬СůʪСңƶŮԸֶϰסĵطҲϣÿҪ̩Ϻ魡ľǱصزˮ֮һǵﻹһľŮ
ʢľĹңǸӹС
Ҳ˵лõľͣ
̲ס͹˵£ľĹ˿һȻõһȻĹֲͣͻƷƷؼϸȡľ͵ϣ󲿷ֲͶȡ
Ȼûж˹ǹ˵һС
͸ʹ˵µĺԼһµĹƷ
СʹŵɪɪΪ̩ҪʨӴ󿪿ڡû뵽ԷȴҪÿٶľĹˣһࡣ
ʹɶĽͷԣȻҪƽ߱ƷֻĳˮĹˣôӽȥͼӽȥɡ
һߣǸľѾ㣬եҪһˮܽ֬һֺʵİɫ֬ζȽء˺üַ֬ڻˣܵõɫƫɫûŨζľˡ
ĳ˽ģҪŮȥľͣұʾŮľãϣԺҲŮԸ
ŮĹʵ̫٣ľֱȽϸµصĹȫԳΪŮְҵ
Ϊʯĥİĥ˵Ĳɣ˵ǺأҪԺϸģҲʺŮԡҪ˱ɡŮԡǾҪһˣԽ˼һͳȥ
˹˲뷨ΪȻҪǸʹߡ
ȻҪǽˣֳֹͣǺܿͻᷢһֺһֲԣûбҪȻˣǲһʼ͸ǡȻѵģԽĶױԼá͡
̩źӣ˵еѹեĸҶġѾŻȡʲôôˡǳþôƸķôܲһأ
ʱԼĿģҪԷȫѧϰİ취ôӹӲժɸŮ֣ľá
ŮԲܴЧҪǵĵλôġ
ûϴĥ뷨Ƚ棬ӾҪŮո໰Ȩ뷨ûʲô⡣ֻȵӦò̩ĸŮǴֲֲԺֲܿЩҵĸŮ

75 75 

, ǵˡԶıʹҲˣʹľǱĶӽ˹, ˣ˹Լĸ
Ȼ⣬Ѿȷֻ߲Ǻ۲ġ֪֮ƤһЩ, Ȼ, Ҳ֪̩̰ļһһһ, Ǳô
΢еʶľ֪, ʳĲһҿ˿ڣҵ˿ھ˾ӵӵ־һҵǿ
ԣʳһǿı֤
Ȼ, ҲԲ, ˽ıȡַֻܵõ, չֲҪꡣ꣬˼ҿѾʵȫ±, Ѿѵһ֧Ӣսľӡ
ڱ̩, Ϊǹ, Ǹһںĺʵǳǿ, ̩ԶǶ֡
û̩бĹ, ԶĲ˵ͬǵͬǺǿĹ, ԱǾ޴в
ʹҲˡƣưܱ߹ңҪ֡
ʹŵҪǻȡ֣ԣðǸ̩Ҳߡߣͻٵ
㲻ԼҲڵй
ʱȶһǿ۹ľûһǼ򵥵ġ
̩Ŵ໥ģҲСƶ֡Ѿо̩̩ӻǱľ޴ϰʹлᣬߣߣɱ
̩ߣԼˣҲûԼ϶Ҫ߻ɱӣǾ͸ǿ˱ӵĶ顣
Ϊ̳Ķӽȫ뷨ԼѡҲһ뷨ͶԲߡ
˹˵
ȥһΪҪԼʱʱֵһ˶ϡһǱӣһ̩ӣǷˣž̩ӻرĴڡ
ټһ棬Ȼ󳹵İɡ
ҲһεĳʹУǧټƲżεĶ顣ûͬϵвȡôԼ˽ˡϸһ룬ߵǰԳ磬϶ᰵ֡ôҲһû˿ԼԱֱ
ջˣ֪ʲô£þһȫͬķ֧ߡ
˸磬ӣ̧ͷգתѽ
ڸʹľ̩͡Եһ鲻С֮󷢴ȱʹѧϰļգӹȡʳҲԻֲ͡
Ȳڵͬ⣬ʹţеĴ󳼺ǩЭ飬һ̩أѧϰֿǿҾõļա
Ǹɽһ̩࣬ûпøأҲû˾סԾͱ۵ͳȥ
̩ǳ󷽣ӲҪůʪĵطֲһ㣬ʲôԡ
󷽣ȻҲСʾǰһֲˣṩӺ硣Ѿֲʲôֲȴ͸ᡣ
ȻҲǣ˵еǣȻǡ
ѧϰľ͵ʹŮԣǵŮŮ͡СŮǵһμʯĥ棬֪ʯĥҪĥ֮һ󳼵ӵʾһҪʯĥعڡ
ȹۿһΣȻָһΣûָԼһΡ
һһʧܣر
һ£˵¶ȵ⡣
ľɷĩ֮Ҫȼȹ¶Ȳ̫ߣñʮ¡ѡ񽫷ĩһܷͲ濾Żٹţִ濾һķĩҪĥһΣĥøϸȻˮ裬һȣ֬
ںʹŵŮΣζɹˣǸ˵ò㻶
ǣְɫ֬ƤÿԷֹƤѣÿԷɹճÿԼֹɫɡرáƼýϴԡľͿĨͷ֬ĻԱһꡣ
ʹĶѣ̳˵ķڶչȻ֬ͷҲʮ˳Щʹ̹˴ֹ׼عʹá
ֹĹУַ˻ױƷûĸ˿ӹɫʵջ
ǲֹ֪ˣⶫľʹرãǻˮĤֽһ䡣ױƷˣôɫܻ̩زڱĵط򲻵ôܲ򣿲һ̩زô̩
ЩˣΪƷҩֹʹҩôܲ
ǮˮһȥʹŹڴľǿ۽ˡ
ľĹԭǶģܲһֵǮ֬ôǹҾһرܴƸĶ
ѧļգ͵һ˵أʹŻǾرֵ
𱾴ЭĸùѾڷȥż¸֪ڡ
ʹǧл֮ǰһǿľŮľŮػŮԵŮҪŮȥժ⣬ľŮԸܵŮԵҸʹ࣬
ԣҪýйŮȥժܵʹᱻŮ֪Ůŭľ͵Ʒʻ
˽Ķ󲿷ԸܲŮԵʹ࣬ôήǵջһ˾ͻֹͣ˺ŮΪ
ЩŵִûŵģһʱŮԱ͸ɼ֯ȷӵݣǲ׻ĻҴǶ˵ΪһλԣȫûбҪֻԡ
СĹԱӵˡ
ǻȥԺ󣬻񲻻ʧһ٣ΪҪǮҪľ͡
˹ҲˣǺܺ棬бŮԲɼŮûбԲɼ˵ûУ뵽Լ׼ֲļƻܴͬƸľֲѹեǶҪ˵УһֿԴǵֲᡣ
ǣ
ֱҪ١
ǿԴӴ΢֪ʷĶ֪ǵ˴ֲ԰ֲ԰ֹͶҲǺūȻūóף˺ɫǡ
˹ūֲѹեᣬȻǰѸķƣ˾ӵ˳ɱʮֵǺķƣǽǺķƸ߼޴½Ȼӷ޹ūΪǿͶūһɫѭĥ
пյʱһˣỹҪ֣Ϊۻȡ档ӡͼÿѣҪֲߵĴȻģ
֭һǣȻɫɰǣҪüúã޷ƽءʮ꣬Ƿ͸ֶȥԭ
Ǽǧ򻧣Ҫ¢ϺͱͲôˡ
رԶͷһҪǾ˸Ƿ֡Ҫг˿ӴˮǷ֣˳֭ˮȻʯȥˮԼǽᾧ
̺ǲģԼʵϽɫȻ󡣵Ѿճ״ʱ򣬰ѹȥˮ֣֮ǽһ©״ͷ⿪ڣѶȴǽȻᾧ
ǳʦؼᵽһ֡ŷǡ
Ʒִǻ̫һռѾѩ׵ģв͸Ƶ͸ᾧ壬²ɫӵµǡ
Щãмĺ͵ײǶóȥ۸ֵȣƶҲˡųƷܸ˵غ˹˵
лҪ˵ƣҾ⣬ֽһжᣩ
ʳóԣҲ泤֣ϻۣһûгԸʳ̲裬һࡣһһ߶ŵˮóԡ

76 76 

˵Ҫ, ɳķҲ, С, ۿжϵ࣬ٴЦӡһǷ, Ц˵껹ðһǲ
˼׼ģֲˡ
ǲɵһۿǵļֵ, ڸûеֿġûаٷ֮ٵı, ʷҲˡ
ȴһھܾˣڻ̫ˣռƽ, ֮޻ϸϡʳ֮жֲˡǺܺãڵ̩Ҫʳͱů
ˡɳķЦ˵, 벻ʳ뿪ʳἢҲ벻ů, 뿪ܶǲһ, ԭʳĻƽ, ƽһǲҪ, ѬϵͭĹһܱ
һ˼ĻױƷһ߸·ߡΪ߼ݳ, ôҪķ۶ǾͿԶ
˵һһϻӱȥԼķӴǡʹ̫࣬Ҳˣ²ҪСġ
ǵ֮ҲɳķӲ࣬ǳΪ޹Ʒ
ѾδҪֲƷ
̩طȫֲףɽµֲԼɽϿ˵µʳֲСռ׺ͶΪСֲǳɹģԺгɶСֲ
Ҫطڽ칫ޣЩռһЩոʣµĸԼ֦Ҷһ𷢽ͣȻɷϡ
ˮķũϡ̩ٵԭļӰֲ
ܸϣСָĳɶСֲøؾͻ
Σ֮ǰֲظ޻ֻĵؾΪֲӺ޻֣ʩطѾȷҪƳ޲ΪȭͷƷǾ͵ôֲ޻ԭϱԼ
̩Ļƺʺ޻ٱʡ޻ߣû⣬Ŀȥ
ˣ˵ڼֲο󸽽޷ӵأܸء뵽ɽĳиСοãǻˮضܵһӰ죬ֲ
ⲻǺֲ˵ô
֮صǵļԲΪϷǿֲ뷨ΪʺϸϷĹֲ
̩ӽ֪ĵк򣬶̩ҲȷʵһںΧкӶ䣬ʺֲˮһЩܣϷĹҸʺֲᡣ
£һǷ˸ǼϷĹҿ϶ֲǣǾͻܵ
̩һǽʳڵһλķϣӦʱȲ޷ų
֪ǷĴܾԸĴǣһϷĹͼȻֲ᲻١
Ǵߣǿ϶۲ϷЩʺϴֲءٷ֮ٵӷգοЩѹҲ**ɡ
ֲ˺͸𴴰ǹ鶼ɳķӡɴӺ֮ǰֲ˵ļֲתƸɳķӡɳķӵŵԺ֮һС
ȴҪôֻ࣬Ҫʮ֮һҽҩϵƷҩױƷͱƷδľ糡ǲҵĸ
ǣ
ǲˣⶫ֣ҲκУͲ֮һΪҵõֺͺá
̰õĵرɴ֣Ӻͼޱ͸ңһƤ̩ӳ˴ʲôҪĶ
ʲôҪʲôУܵѾ̩ڵĶ̰ͼǮƺȨǧŴ¡
һССҪ̩ƽǣﻹǰԭ˰˰ǽһ㣬˰
ⲻԽܵΪûм٣׵ӵģһ㣬ǵĲƸӡҽ˰տ԰׵ƹֲ
̩˼Ƭ̣ͷͬˡܲ˰նö࣬ûɲͬ⡣ҽͲ˰ġҲܰƽϢΪʳȱĲ
ǵ֮ÿʼԼľ黯ɱƷͶг
ľ͸ˮڻһˮȵˮУֳ׽裬黯԰Լֲͺ;ͣȻһʵӯĻࡣֻͿĨϲ壬ʪЧҲܺãһϼܾͱһաͬĻľ󴽸࣬ľֹȲƷ
רŸͥСļŮ˾ҲǸЩŮ˾ԼǻЦ˵պԼĵѧϰһֱΪӹ
ҩҪ︺ҽεļ˾ױƷŮ˾С糡ѡҹͬҵķ֯ǵգѾ̩Ұһ
̩಻㣬˵϶ãԸƯṩӻṩΣṩɺءһ㣬
ҲѡҲԸǷչ
ⲻһвĥ˶ʼȻʯĩıȴѾʼĥ͵ˡ
͵ĲϾǻƶСΣϱһ˵ե֮ĶҲͣиֽ֬󶹣Ժлһԡ
ϱĽһϷɹô˵ģɹһٰʮ졣ĽأҪͣɺۺΣһϣˮ͡
ѡϷƷΪճճ㡣
ֵĻƶһӣһҪģټȥõģʣ¾ȫ͡
͵ĵط֮ǰѵ
ٸʿѾȥˣڿｼ⻮õĵϣŬ޷ӣһ̵δźӵĺӡ
ϸϵϷʳؼǺöôϸǼ˵͵ģ׵ģʲôݲζġֵûģǾ̫ҳֲؼֵ
Һǰܶʳ֪һķ
˵һ͡סǡ𼸸ʡ
ҪûЩϸ鼮ṩԼƵĥĥŶԣĥҲĥǣҪû鼮ԶҲ벻ʯҰᾧԼɫ
ҪЩô׵ãƳҲܵӡѧϰᾧˡ
ҪûЩָѶȵüӴٱпţһߵͷ׼ͽ͵Ĵס
ˣڵĸڵĸڡ֮ڿڳǺǵĽ紦ӴʹŵдҲ⡣ʱдǵĳרעԵԶĽ
ָʶ̡һܵĻƷͻױƷĿɿڴ
ױƷͻƷ
ǸŮаɣ԰ô
գɵŸʲôͬһŮһץһ飬һɫķɻ࣬ȻɿǮһԼĶˡ
ЩãҲŮԼһĹʣǲܵġ
֪ʹפ󣬾͸ЩʹŮȥ˳װֻø֡һþͰϣϾ͵ôѪⲻЩʹŹķСŮǾˡ
СŴר˷̣Թеλ˲ܵĸ߱ƸĻױƷͻƷ
ŮֻúһҲʣ
ǴִŻǮʯţҲҪǸȺС¿϶ҪҺɰ
ʮɫķɻ࣬鲻ķ۱ȸ̺ͿȸӰõüʣţһ飬󴽸ֹ࣬ܵĽ࣬ȫҪ
˵ɣҪǮǮ
ŮûôǮҲûʸǼȺƴյǰͷȥԼϲĶǷɻࡢ顣
Щʵǹ󣬴󲿷˵ǮֻǾһӣÿ֣ȥֳݣÿ˶ˡǷһ㣬ʡҲ͹ˡ
գЩǽҪˣŮգһ°ˡ
ռǰͷȥЩʣļִϢֹĥ̫ƽϻǲָͣһ޹²ݵֹһ޼ӳȻ͵顣
ȻɳһܼȺ
óǱҽˡ
Ȼ˹أŮǵĹͳһģյǮȱ˶١ǴִŵģϴĶǺӵ·ǮЩ߼ۻƷ֮ǰ
ްʵ벻ֹôģϡǵͺͲľҺġǰԹģһźںζҲ̫õĶŵ֮ƤɰͰ͵ģϴ֣ϴ趼ңοϴ
ûᵽ󻹻ЩױƷͻƷôأЩƷĴɱִ˶֪Ů˺ͺӵǮ׬ǵĴ̩ĵ̣Ȼ÷ˮˣ
տʯŽ𲭵ƶźͷӥţһȦȦֻйʹõġ
˲ҲֻһߡȻܻú͹ͬȵĴ
տſţ۾ˡ
лҪ˵ƣͣ~~~һ
գۺingһҧǮ򣩡


77 77 

ʹʮŮ, ǳֻ, ˻Ҫ, һ
ѵóһˣ˶ϻȥ̫òȥҲ, ܵ𷣡
ˣﲻһô˵, кܶݡ, պܰʱȥһŮ
ղ̫ȥÿһﶼ˿ڣ˶ͬ, Ҳֻøһȥ
ӣȷʵ֣·ߵ¾ۼˡǿľʯϻľߵΧϣ˵Žķա
˰ٿʼ˰, ǱΪ׺һ˰˰˵, ׵˰Ҫһ, ǹӵʵ, ϣǿԳԱӡ
ܶ˶겻, ҲҪһ֡滹ûۺóԵģԺ׶˼۸ήͣӲήۡ
Ǽǰ˿϶ԥסóԲóԲҪ, ҪǳԱڿȻųԺһ㣬ֻһס
˵ʲô˵ѽ
ҵǼֱгС¿ʳĿζˡҵ˿ޱᣬһԼϼҵũ񻹿һĶһճɣףڸûСۺˡ
˿ɲͽ
һŬˮϵͳѾһֿѾּſڵˮ
ϼҼһſڶһķСӣʯͷΧֹﱻ紵롣ӵǲСףΪ˰ȫǡˮģǸɾǳžܴˮˡϴϴµȵȡ
СӱϻһķĻ̳һЩܣǺˮһġ
ϴˮ˳
̳һãЩȻòÿ˼ҵĻ̳ĻһЩʶЩʶ˵ӵµ⣬Ҳṩģһ£Щܾͱˡ
໹û޵˼Ҽֱ۲òУⶫô㣬һ̳ôÿһģһرζ
ȻãҲʹҪģǾǲ涪ˮҪȡˮԼ˷ѡ֮Ҫ໥ѣΪģһξ棬ڶηΣֱӸĳɰԺ˶ãұá
ôˮأ
ǵĺһˮ浹ˮˮһ˳أʯ顢СʯӡɳӲˣˮһȳԾͽ
⣬һֻһ㣬㶪ڵϣǾͺشСһ
һϵеĹأǿŷÿӲסġǵԶ˶Сֵ֪ܺĴ΢΢һЦĿ־塣
ڿһЩֱϵźɫ޲̫̫һСֵһʹžͿʼԼûлᱻĶоγˡ
ôҲԶ׼ɾˣҲˣˡ˳һ¹˵Ĺ⡣
컹һ˸˵£ǾӸ;ơ
ӣϽӣҶˣˮñ棬ơӣҾƵҲ򵥣òƵ䷽󿴵ĳصӣҾ䷽ӣȥȥֱƣܷⷢ¾ܺˡ
Լһƿɬζһɬζ޷⣬ˮƶһɬζǵüͻʲôȥƵɬζ
Ѿõ£ȼһǣһЩڸУȻ
ŷš
ӣҾƲ˭ܵõɵײ㹫ԱĸֻҽơȻ㹤ְԱ͹ҵƷ֯ԱԵõЩײ㹫Ա󶼳ƽѪͳûбĻһҲˡ
ҲǸů
ЩӣӣҲã׼괺£ЩӳҲ͸ڼſڡ
ǼſھСˮأҲ㡣
ӣڼſڣԳˮҲǮ룬Ǻܺ
ߵӣʱ򣬿ľպ˵ӣҾƵ顣
һԲֵĴźӺ˴ԼŮ͡ŮǷ֯ģƽõĽͲ٣βʱΪرɫõһ̳ӣҾƣһС޵顣
ֺ֯ϸƽĲҪһ˫֣ϸӲƤӻλϣԺܶŮݺһáԼĺ潱ȫһĸԴ⻷
ҵĹﱾƫݣ̩ǽѡΪܶкӾ;һ͵ĺùϵŵһѹòƣ˻гϵѡ
һĻ϶ΪԱĵŮ
ЩѻŮǴŽƷصУºͺϵһǲǶõĽô
ľ˵øˣڣѹһﻹû࣬ҲûЩԭȫֵġŶã˾ͿʼעôһֱڲһЩ蹫ʩľٴ룬Ϊʲôô磿
һֱⱾ鵱ɵʽˬģǱʶｫǿЯ˽ָֽƬˣտԼûʶ
Լĸ߸ϣΪԾԼ֪ġϵۡ
̬޷ʵ鼮
鱾ڱǹŽᵫҲĹң˹ֻһūӡҪøණҪӽϸȥıʵѸٳɳһʵߡûȥ蹩ˮϵͳҲûȨֲһֵӣǰеŬΪ˰˹ϸλ
˹ϸλֻΪ˹ΪʵԼαǾǡƽ
̩һҲҵĵطıҵ֧֣Ǿ̩ĵ衣Ϊɲҡ谮Ļ󲻻ôٵسɳϸ˵
ҪȥŬλϣһѾǸλ
ԺܶණͿʼСԭֱ˹ΪеĶ̩ھܿʼ
û磬֡
ַֿʵ˿˽ӣÿְĳн裬ŮԺԷЩױƷͻƷڽеС糡ͷеĽ͡
ǰһжΪӵлȨ
ҪЩѾӣ̩֮£ĿҲıˡ
Щ߷߲ƽ۵һ֦ӣ֦ѲߵûпһϢһڸʲô
ָգճͱ˲һƤףٸӷһ¾ϳһˣеŮڻٻǵӣ
Ŀⶼ
һ±߰ΧһôŭλŮһһšȺ˱ؾ񣬻طҵˣǿ
ˣ࣬ǱߵˣΪʲô֦͵͵ȥ𣿡
Ůһһ߿գһ߿ŷŭȺɫ԰ף߶µ˵ǱʹŵŮ
Ȼŭ˲ܲˣǵ۹ҪˣѲߵ
ιιʲô£Ϊʲôۼ
ˣŮˣ۵ӣ֦Ⱥһŭ
ȻӣҲһ꣬ǿƽ˻ʱɻѩϰϰˬҲ˺ɫӣҹ֦ͷķյϲá
һŵӣڲͬģŲһ壬κǰ˺Щ
ʲô̾͹ˣ·ϵӣЩڿѲߵҲǲһġǿЩϢաֳȣʱ£һӵṩ裬ͺùˡ
ҽѲ߶ӻֵ̳ӵӣҾƣΪ˽ǵĹЩһǿļ
ԣҲǾƲƻЩӣġ
֣ҿǱߵŮץסֱ۵ռǻһ°˿סˡ
ΪǸЦץþǣһǱļʲôʹŵ˹Ƿֱɡ˵գֱӰ˴ˣŮԼߣǱŤߡ
ȺһƬк֮
лҪ˵ԭİƣ磬ЦеĴꡣ
ڵİƣ£ɵףе


78 78 

˹һֱϲ֪, ɫ̫, ԼŮץ, ֱǷ˼ҲԵ޹ʶּ֣۵µӣ֦
ΪʲôҪȥ̩ӵ
˹һˣ˴̩ߵЧ, ʱѾʹһҲ֮Ļ
ڿ޿رԹ, ˵ԼǲСĵ, ֻһѣżһֲ֦ʲôϡ£Щ˾ǹ¡
, 㲻ˡ˹˵
һֹͣੲݣһ˫ǳɫ۾˹ԲҵĴ, ¡˹ѾԲã
˹ʼΪ׷Ȩ, Խʢ, ԽԽһŮ˹֮󡣼ʶѪһ, ղǰһŴСĽ׼졣
յ, ֪Щ˵ӸԣԹѣɹһγʹ̩˹Ǵ, ϵܷõϿɣҪǻٵ£֮һߵͷ
շֵ˹ѾЩã̾͵Ǹˡ
Ȼﰵպ˹ǴС꣬Ŀǰ˵˹ץסܷ֡
˵ʲô˹ʡ
һûУ£ʲôû˵
Ƭ̵İֻյĶͷð
ȥϢɡ
ɴ⣬ˡ
뿪һɫӰӴĻ߳ߵûκϢջڣǳȣΪǾһǸ۵ŮŮһ㲻ƽӹ
Ща
ʲô쳣Ҫҡ
ǣ¡
ŮϢӰӣ뿪Ҳ˹ߵǰʵĴӸߴ¿Կľ
һ̫ãǿ˵òԶ׼ĲͬǿֶˣϳЦݣ硣
̩ʳĿҪˡ
ֹǽʳĻҪˡ
ԺС˾ΧһڳԻ
ԶҪ϶͵һգϢ
û֪ʲôõĹѾõģԭʼ֣мС̴ѣŹ̵ľ̿εͭɫӸߣͬʱֿζĹס
С˾ͼ﹤˾ǰһÿһ鶼䵽һһʳĺÿһײ;ߡ
̿յùڣɽļǺպܲţ嵭պܲţŨϻϴɾĶѿˡжεİײˡܲһһ񵰡õţ衢кõţҶţȡ
Ȼٲ˽յͷϷҳ϶Ƥըݡ
ÿ˶һӡ©׺ףǲĿӷ㡣ʵ˹˽Ҳѧϰ˿ӵüɣźɼ񵰵ĳ̶ȣԽ컹йоصĲ;ߡ
ҿ԰Լϲļȡͬʳķ©Ȼŵ죬ԡҲԳѾõĹ⣬Ũ֭
ǶǵһγԻ̰رʳ
ֿʼת¹꣬ЩʪЩȺĶųһǽһκľһˬ졣
󲿷ؿζ
ߣϲԺţһ콷Բ˵ѾˡһʼǳԲִ̼ζȶȣ˫ش̼
ҲһֿʼźţԾԾˡ
СӶ쳤ֱȥ̺⣬˻˻죬һĶȴԽԽ졣
ɽóôɵؼһȣѾõģⱥʣϸν㡣ٳһɽ֭ľʺ֭ҧȥζһֱ嵽ǡ
óԣ
ȵѩӣٳһλһѩһ߳ڵĻֱ߻һʵϣһ붼
£С̡˹һţ
ϸүĲţ裬õĴţ⣬һ״֭˺һҧȥ̵֭罦ѾüˣûգǶæԼǷţ衣
СĴ˴촽һȷǷԿˡʵϲݷĻƶѿ֮ɱ˴ĿڸУԸԻ񫡣
˹ȻϲܲܲںţˣƺŵζûʳĿڸС
ÿ˶Լϲʳ˶ܾܾըݺ϶ѵĶΧʳĵζɾ˶ԼڸУƱӮҡ
ԵһʱһȺŮ𶹽Ͳõ׾ơ𶹽ӣ׾Ƹˡ
׾ǽµŴƵģƾȲߣģҲûʱ״ơƵճҲûѾƵȹƻ֮ȥɬУº͡
̩˰Ⱦƣ̩Ҳ𣬺⣬Ҳ׾ơ
˹رϲһıʱ
סˣ˹űӵ˵ȣŴףʱȣҪһκ̫ࡣ
˹ͷ¾Ʊллл¡
һ˾ˣ壺£ֺ˹˵Ļ
ûе¡ʸڷϡ
˹ֻЦǸ˾ˡͰ˻øϽȥţȥˡ
һٻԵôĶ㣬˺ߥٳԻ´ҳԶϻʮ²һΡ
֮ʳ˳ȥõȨ󶼺ƤͭȥţҲȥֻкյĽϡѿ˺ͶƷû취
ȥһƶҲһֻƶˡΪģڻĺóԡ
⵹Ҳƶô
˳ưͭͭһ
ͭɳķڸҲǻķ²һ¾һȨ͸˹Ȼ๺򣬶һ⴫˵ζ
ڿļʹŶˡ
տ˹˴ǮͭӣһѪӲȥҲͭսʣûǸָӱͭߡ
Ѿ˿Ķ졣İ컹ã¶Ȳ̫䣬ȥһһëҲ͹ˣ¶轵߶컹ʪʪ䣬ֱħ˫˺о㱻Ӷǲġ
ʱ͵Cλʱˡ
ԲιˮšڱһóԼѡ˲оӵů
ֵǣӾȻûǸڵޱһһ³ΪȨǵ³衣ͭĴͭӶˡһ
ˣǮȨȻû˰æůѵ˵ȷˡ
˹Ʋ֣һʣΪο˵Ǿ֪ⶫĺôˡ
Ȼ˺ܶ˹ͭˣһǸŮ˹ġ
һµĵӲˣȻӸһЩ
úƽ˿ɲǡ
ʹŶ뷽跨˿ҪʳκЩܽӴ̩˾͸Ĩһ֡
߳·ߣ߷磬̩Ǹ˵һѹûĸ˿ܳ賬һ¡һǣӣֻҪҴ߷磬ˣߣһ벻ɡ
·ߣ
ǿ߳購·
ǿԵģ̩ĳǨƶģ崫СʦͽС콵΢ǡ󲿷ֳ֮ǳӣΪˣǵʦɡٲ֣̫вˣâɣ˻ʶ飬ְλŮȻǨȥ
ԣΪϲ͵󳼣̩Ҳǲܵģֻȥƽ
ôûֹϲеλĳأ
ҲеģȻûٶɫ̩Ҫ˻Щʹһʣϸ飿Լò
̩洫ĹƢȷ鶼죬¹֮ǰôȵض㡮ơմšҵֵܡҶǮԣ
ֵɹȥʽ
ǣ·ͨ
ǲǿ·أ
šܴĴѾˣ˵һλӣҪȨȨûУҪǮǮҲûУʱҲоϻûг購˵ϻ
Щʹ˼ȥշ֣Ȼǵֱṩֵ̩ӡ
Ȼôã̩ȴŲŲѾլ˼ˡ
ôһԺһתˣ̩Ƕ߶ôͲأ
Щʹ갡̾ʱһϢٰ̩ᣬҪӭЩʹ˵̩Ҳϯ
ʹŵʹѾȲҪһˡ

79 79 

ôٰˣ¯, ϹźİɫƤë, ȥһֺԲ
˹ѳĲѹ, ÷ý˻̽һ̬̽ȡ⼸̩ڵĻҲЩҵֱʡ
ȻҪǣչʾ̩һǿ, ǡ
̩ڷչǲս, Ҳʱս, ԹѡֶΡ
˹ʲô¶ܣҪľǱ
߻ӣ˶ġ˹Լʹߵ, Ĵ̩绢ôҪľǴӣ߸ɴٵ˹ӲС֮ҲСκˡ
ѵһͨҩڸ񶷵Ůһֱҡ
ҲĿ, ǿֻҪСһЩ, Ӧû̫⡣
ʵ˹̫, κ˶ϧԼС˹뵽ЩҲ뵽ˡԼھ൱̩, ʱǾٱŪ, ǰΪԼ
Ѿ˱Ľ˿ڼףָƯıʯָһСأһŶԴлõҩ裬ƯƤӲһϷһܷų̵衣
Բһ, ʵӲӲӡ
ӵµһֵͨƬ̵İʶſڡ
̩ӣǸı̩˾ʲôӵģ
¹Цӯӯ߽̩û֮˳࣬ȻȴŨص̩ɫʡţķΣ΢ЦӣֻҪһۣ֪̩ӣκιҵġ
º͵һ˵߹ҽǵˡ
˵ˣ˵ӽ̩̩һ˫ʹŵɫ̫ÿΪǺܶ˶̩Ѿԡ
Ϊʹŵӣ˹þŲԼ¶ʵ顣
̩ӲһԺӰӣʻ˹֪ΪʲôöԷУһ˲䣬ȷʵҪ׽ֻǰڶӽڣ˹κζ
û˹ǿĿı΢΢Ť
յһο̵۹ȥҲһ覵޺ºֱʣ˺øС
ղ̫ϲűԴϲԸº͵Ѿ˹Ĺϵ
ҪԵݣӵݣǿĽָ
תΪŮԵûܵŮġôȸܵŮԱӵ״һʱ䲢Ƿ˼Լ˼룬Ҫ»ԵݺʱȻһȵԱơ
ҪеˣǲŮԡﻯŮԵʲôûתŮԡ
˵ʱİࡣ
Ů˵ʱŮ
ն񶾵ûӹĿע⣬ɯúɴŮСıЦһ£Ȼ⡭
һûмӵŮ۶ֵľֶ֦񶾵ȥӡ
ĪǡǱаģΪ°̩ӣҪӵҫ
ɯ˲²⣬û˵ԼĲ²⣬ֻ˼š
ɯ˵յΣԸһ㣬
Ķʵ̫ˡϻֵ쳣
մӵı˹ǣû˳ĸͷ磬ͱûʲôûоûǮĸȫˣλûʲô£Ϊ塣
Ȼɯ˹ҲǺˣֻҲÿǲչʾƽ̨ǣ
϶ȴûбھˣôǧ˹ĸУ
һߣĿ̩Ѿ뵽̩ҵλãᱣܵλãɳķӵˡҫҪҫģҲҪġ
̩ӲŹͱʹҪ˵ֻԼһơ
ʱ̩֮һʢ/ľǸҵѾˣǸźɫ̶̵ľСӣ۾ܴЦݲá
ӵ£þòҽҵĸӭлᵽǹ͡
Էû˵̫ϸ˼ȷģĸѾ֪ףʮ⡣
ҲЦͺ棬ԴƸŬӦбꡣлᣬȥġ
Сӵõ𸴺ˣȻСʹߡ籱Ĵһ㻹ڹڹ۲ͷճӡ
̩̳ɳķӺԱ̬ңδĴ˹һֱߣʮܡҲ̩̬ܿȣӾԲóӻ߰裬̩Ҫ塣
ЩʹʣǣҲһܱġ
̩һ޴ĳᣬǰţţڲѾеѡһ޺𻵵ĳᣬţһƥ
ҧгݵˡ
Щʹڹ۲Ҳڹ۲ǡ
ļǰ˹ͽֵĹ
ʹź󽲹һ飬ǹҵԣЩһµӡȻιԼǸʲôλãҪʲôĿĵȵȡ
ǽһһԼ˽⵽϶ߡ
ڶ̩࣬˺ȴԺܿ졪̩ȨŮױôɫӰɫӰ۾ɫ߻ƤƤеӡױĸоԵ۾
֮ڶͷһۣȻüλûһšŮԸȫһ㣬ǲڶͷ߻ҪһЩͼΣ촽ҲͿϱĺɫ
̩Ȩʹŵ˻һؾ˵ÿ϶̫ۡ
⻹һرĲǣ̩ȨȫۡǷ֯Ůϵȵ޲Ⱦɫ塢װΣϸɫӡ
޲ʸкʸȫһ۾ܿ
ϲ˵ʱ󻹷һȫͬĵط̩ȨòӺСǲֱȡʳˡʹò;ʽУһ¾ͰǴȺ͹Գˡ
о½ȫҫģҫ̩ӣҫ̩ʳԼҫ̩սǿ
һпҫĶǵĳֶһǰᣬǾʳ㡢ǿʢ
ҫýϾױݣһˮĺʵ޲ӣʮ־ĸֲԼֲ;ߡ
ֹɪ̩ǿҲǼʮ֮꣬ǰһֱƧĴʡǿǶǿһ꣬żˣܿ׷ԣ¾ǿ̩ҲһֱӵģûĻå
ô˵ɣܶ౻̩ĹҶôģȻȭͷӲûĻ϶
߲Զ
̩ʳңֻɿɣ߲Զ
ڲһˡ
˵̩ԭʼˣǴۣžױݣӣԷʹñ׼ĵ棬ô
˵̩ʳҪˣƽﶼ㹻ԵʳиֱĹҵƽԲҲ벻ʳ
˵̩Ҫʧˣ͵̩µʽ̩øǿ
ֿҫ̬ȫزס޲ϿϣҰʲ
ʹŶúܣᣬҲϸŷУ˭Ӳ̩ˣ˭Ҳǲ̩ˣ
Ȼǻ˲ģҪ·ߡ
Ƕ֪Ǹɵ𣨣ĿūöҪӭĴʥԾǰ̽ˣ˵ԼڵƽΪʳɢμ
ѽȷʵܿرҪӦسСᣬ¶һС׻ŮƮЦ
ȻֻܸɰͰЦһԥʣôžȼͼ˰ô̩˾ȼͼ˰ˣΪơƶˡֳУģѾһᱻ
ԷһԿǵļڲ׵¡
мûףûеġ

80 80 

ЩʹŵʹߴһԴļȥ, ˻Ժ, ﶼ̩ȷʵ˼м⡣ϧ뷨ٺ, Ȩ󲻺ҲȻ
֮Ҫǽǵ, дƵģǧƵˡ
˹һʼӦһϼ޻ļһ, һúܺ, ϴõֱתƻ⣬ȲԷҲȦסȻ̬ϻܿЩȺ, Ѿ˹еĺöˡ
£úܺãȻƾˣû˭оܵðáһʹ뿪, ˹̲סˡ
󱻿죺˹̵úáÿʦʦϸרҵ
, ǵ´ϻ, һ, ѧá˹Ǿöѧ츳, û츳ģľѵ
ɳķᣬԽԽè壬˹, ֱʶǸ˹ˡһ룬ܰɣ˹𣿺οҪ뷨ٺ͹ҲܰһֻǰæŸ
ɳķֿϧؿһۣǶʲô˼̩ӰԽԽǲҶʲô˼ˡǿϧûɼĴ㡣
ԸѪŮ̩ĵһδ̩ŮǶӣ˲ĳ̩ࡣ
ɳķͦڴΪŮ׼ҵģϾ󳤵ôÿҲˡ
֮ôԶΪ˵˺üɳķڱ߻ˡΪ̩ļ̳ˣѾɳķҲȢʱˡ
һʹɳķӣҪȢʲôӡ
ɳķ˺ܾãϲҽԵģŻҪǿһġϾ̩ĵһƹܹ̩Ů
ռߵȨλǱεֻŮϣ̩ѡ
ϲ͹ɳķӿúӲ¡
ɳķѡҴŴʼױ̩ѪͳĹŮӡ
ô㹻Ӧ̩ڹŮأ
ӵ£ǺȵĳɳȣһᡣǳɫӣŮɳȾžƱ󡣾ĴɳԼҰĲŮһ
һ۰ͱĹŮֿҰĵˣܿ
еǵһ
ǸĹңһܿعάҰĵûжУҰĵŻһֱͺ˵ĶԴʹԽԽ豸һ
ţϿɴ˸ı˵ġ
ӵ´һƶһֲɳȲߣǸһЩĵĴ
ȵĳ£˹һ˫ؿʧˡ
ɳ΢΢һЦǿ
ȻóŮԵ͵̬˵ķģҲóº޺αװԼļɳȵĶûκЧ
ѾһǱ´Ҳ̫óЩǸЩ˼˵ҲΪﲻæ΢΢졣
ɳȸȥˣ̩ӣԼеͱˡֿһ߼ʱ׼໤̩Ӻͼ˾ǵıӺζȷʵڵһ㡣
ԼֻǵĶУ
뵽ɳһЦ벻Ҫӵ£ðˡ
ɳ
ĬĬ̩ѡǺˣǵһ㣬ĹŹθСȻƲϺˣҲûƷزһ֪̩Ӻܿغͱߵġҳܶ࣬ļƻǳ
ʵߵĺȳϣ˶ΣֱתһԵɳķӣŴգĴɻѩ֪ûҾͽأ
Ӵ⻰лѽ
ȳԳڵѹֵܻȫϿɵŮˡ
ɳķӾƱǿﻹĿɿģȤ絽Ǳϸ˵
ɳķӺɳȳȥһ䡣
Ŀɿڴ㶵ػͷ˹ǣ
˹֪Ҫ˵ݣҵҲ֪һĳȥһеĶӣȻ֪ԷԶӵִţǾе
Ҫ֪̩ûŮһιĬǵһһһѪͳɷµļ̳˾ͳ϶ûУûôء
ǲ֪һɳķһɳȣ˺̩ʲôӰ졣
²ģԼĴ㡣̫࣬˹ûϸ˵£ҶϲĵⰡҲǱµǣøÿһݡ
תעӵűƲƲ죺̫ˡ
ǵıΪҫҲǳѪˣȻÿӶһJJˮ͵⡣˲õǺϲ˿ĵġԽԽã˵
ϲôˣ˼ڲˣֲԸ˷ѣͲһ˹
ûù
˹鵰⣬Ȼ
ͣˮ⣬ӡ
˳ƾͰԼԲµʣµⶼ˹˼˵㲻⣬ɡ
ʵⲢ󣬳ھͳˡ˵һĵĹ´һΣô󷽣ҲһС飬һһҪٳԣǲܵġ
ʹڷʸ⵰Ҳˣӽ˹һйԱûдݹصŮ죬УŮҲһݡŮ檵ˣûеһԷʸġ
ֻܿعһ࣬ǵӻľС⡣
̩ȻⶼˣǸ̩ôеû
ʳøжȣκϱʮָմˮ־Ů˵µѹԵģκǶֲ塣񿴵ģС;𾪣֣̿ЩСϸ̩ܵҪҫ
ҫʲôҫ𣿲ҫ
ζǶôݳ޵ζҷЩĵ⣬ֻСǣ̩Ѿˣ
ɫãǲҫһʾ
гԵ˵Ҳһ뷨ʾ
ζݳ޵ṩ۵ĵģһֹʾ
̳һڵ⣬ܺóԣһ𣬵ȫͬһֿڸСݳ޵ʹζǲ˵а취ˮȡζˣ̩Ӵļ
̩֮˸߲˱ů߸ЧʵĹߣ˼ͶĹߣ˿ӣǧ࣬ζĵġ
̩ӣǿµв
ǳˮһӿСе˾С¹̧
ͷ
ƱյһƬг󳤳Ľë£ССڳһŶԴķ
£˹ŵƣ󣬡ܣǰ뿪˵ʲôġ̩˽⣬Ȼ̩ӣ˶ܽӴģǿһۣǶǵ
ûоܾԵȨ
վ̩˵һ׼뿪
Ӹ׼𣿡ʱ򣬱ĶӽվڳƵݣֻ˵̫
˹΢вãͬʽЦţӵ⡣ӵһֱڿȵݰټУӦеġڵ˰ӦӦǾһ˵ˡ
ֻüЦӼȻܿڣأԼ뷨˭Ŀܣ̩СС˾
ӴҪ°
Ȼ˹鲻䣺ӵµķߣҲӵµĴߡӵԴףۺ͹ҡĻϲ߿Ȼǽϸһ㡣ŶӣҲָ벻Ҫᡣ
򣺡øδ١
һԵȻס˹֣Ž΢Цͷ˹ҵѡֵܺͼˣҪ˵ģҪ˵ģҪģҪģϲˣҾϲϲˣҾͲϲ˹̩ССļ˾̩˾û֮һǸʧ㣬ӣף̩졣
˵һò΢Ц˹뿪ᡣ
лҪ˵ƣˣ˹һɯʹ٣˭˵˹Ҷ
СҲٷˡ


81 81 

һֱߵ, һ, 侲뵽ոԼʲô, ըˣˣɵˡ
Ҫɿ֣˹ȴ, ؿڹ̣ȡһЩ, ΪȻôӡĸ׺ʦ, ҲûܾѾ㹻ǿ󣬲Ҫάˡ
ôǿ, һվ
¡˹֣һ̲Ϸ֡
еΣСӦһš
Һܸˣ, ˵ѡֵܺͼ˵ʱ˵̩˾ʱ򡣱ȱʦȷΪ̳˵ʱҪˡ
ô˵ǰ, ˿϶, ǴС޵˹, Ҳһ, ΪĿ϶ȥ
ң£ϲ㡣
ոճ嶯ԼˣͿһ㱾ô, ֻ˵ǡǻؼҡ
˹΢Цŵͷãǻؼҡ
ۻؼˣȴըð˺üӡ
⡢֮ǰǸԹԵСһ̩վάԼ˵һ˲䣬ֱһӢµսʿ
˭С
ܶ˿Զű˾𵶣ȴûڹؼʱվάĳˡᣬĿѵĻǱм̳Ȩӣȴǰ棬סǸάˣ˿̸һֺεõ飿
ңŶãӶ̩ĸôǸάļ˾ô£
̩˼թȻһ߳Ϧദҹԡôÿ**ֱӹˣѾȫ϶̩
Źմ̩ӵ˶ʧˣ̩ˣûģǽ
û̩ӣ
ģ
ɯϻοά˹𣿲ά̩氡û˵˵˹Ǽˣʲô˼˼˵Ӱ̩˼ңϿѾ仧ˡ
˹ֻΪסý˳ġ
ﲻòһ˹ˣÿκʦĸ׺;˾ӵĹϵʱǷǳȷġֵꡯһ׽ҲΪӵ¶ʮΣ̲סе㡮ڡ˹ִС뿪ͥû׽ֵܣҲ̲סתơ
˹ִյúܺã˭ûлҰҪӴȥǶ˹˽̩̩ɣ˹Ĳʦĸ׺;˾˶Ͽˡ
΢֪һģֲͱȥΪû֤ݡ˭Ҳûȥ֤һ˵ġ
µֻкͺȳɺɳķӾĶе㲻Ȼ˵˰죬ֻܵóۣ̫ĸ춯ֵ顣
һĽӻصλϡߵŮսսʵû̩Ӻ˼
ʨӣȴηǵС¹
ûн̩ӿǿƽȶԴˣڽˡȻʱȨ󶼺ܽһҵڶŻеɳķӣҲжġֻɳķжѾȥˣжԽء
˹ɫе㲻ԣҶΪͬΪӵǸоܵɫá
ǵģ˹оܣΪһ˲ʹº͵̩ǿάǸ̩˾˹ȴһֹŹֵϤУˣվԼǰ棬άԼ̩˾
һҲǴǺ̩ڵϵʨƽ
ʱģҪֳߵ͡
̩ӣҲֻǵˡ
֮ΣȲģҲں
һᣬѾȷˣ̩ס£Ųˡ
ȥ𴦣ôгĻֲ̩㣬ǶȴĺܺãҲϲˣ̩ƽ̩Ȩ󡣲ǺõģǴ󲿷ֶǻġ
֮ҴһϢɳķҪͺȵĳ飬պΪʱḻʺϾᡣ
Ϣʹӱ޴صȣȵĹͬˣ˵ļױܿͻ͹
ܶ˶ر⣬ΪСòܶؼױ̩ļ̳ˣҪѵӦѡǿĹҵĹ𣿱ޣ籱
֪µҲ⡣
ɳķӣͺȳΪɳķӸϲֽСɰŮԣڸգҰĲĺȳ
Ȼ˽⵽̩ĵһӵôȨͦɳķȢӵġ
ֻŴô׵Լ˵ˣ߶˵ͬˣŸͯһ
ȻǡɳȹҸĸδ÷ٸҵһ𣿡߲Ƶɳķ˵
˵ˣɳȹĸݺͼױϵĲ㡣
ʱŮҪͷҪıŬôѣŮӱ˷֡
δƽ׼Ա𡢽ܻ
ӣ־ƻ𣿡ɳķ־ơ
󲿷Ŵ׶ˣһ׾ƣһƾơɳķӺȵǻƾƣȽ˹ȵ׾ƣƾߣеʣµľҲܺóԡ
һ
óԡŵĹۡ˹ľһС׵Ľɫۣ¹ԺһЩ
뵽һֺͷۺܴĶ֪ܲӣӲҲܺúȡ
־һԣԺһЩ˹һ˵һ߽ľӣȻ˳Ȼζ׾Ƶͷ۵ںһԼй𻨵
ֱȻӡܹϡӡҪֵĶ̫ˡ׼һЩõ壬ʺõ塣õôܶ࣬˵ԳΪزŶ
ۿŻҪһ·ƫɳķӸϽǣ־ƻô
ֵŴײֻ࣬һЩˡʣµĵ¿ԴȥɳȹӦҲϲġ˵
ɳķֻЦһɳֻǴҪһô󷽵ӣɳҪһпı
ڲڿЩӲŻɳķ˵ʵɳȳȥˣ֮ǰѵһŮӾӣµķ֯Ů
ͷΪ׼𣿵ȷҪ£ŻкܶʹӲͬԶΪɳķء
Ȼ뵽ʲô˵ǸܺõᰡװһǹƷСĻǳڻϵװΣˡȷڽ꣬Щƻ͵üӿٶȣֻһʱˡ
һʼ֪ʲôϸһˣ˵
˹ȫϿ˵Ҳ˼ʲôرĲƷҪÿ궼ġ
Ǻ޲һϵҩͻƷױƷǰõ޹;ƣǲرרעȶ״Ϳԣ˹ҰĵˣҪƷҵϵǱ

ע⵽˹ˣмܲѬķӣƾˮҲǲܡˮɱ޹׬ǮԻŮԣζԾܾġ
ЩԸͺһԺ÷ֺ졣
ԺʲôҲвƸԴԴϽǲǾǴ˵еʲ׼ˣ
ɳķ鸴ӣ׼ԼĻ˹ЩƷ
ɳķûоòãеһɣôõĻᣬôû뵽պǻջˣԼǵĹһˣⲻǺܺõƷ
Ҫ֪֮Ʒ޴ҵǿҪ;Щ˶СС֡
뵽ɳķӶеȲҪȢˡ
ɳķӣҪȢôʣֻеһ̳ȢҪĵʹ
ɳķָԼһƾƣǳһڣЦȻСȴֵ֮ӭûĹâһӶõκͿ϶󣬺ȵĳ˵Ǻĺ顣
ضԺȳҲһʵˡ
˹ɳķӵı飬֪ѶҲûж˵ʲô
ĳ̶ֳ˵Ϊ̳˳ĺȳȷʺϳΪ̩δĵһ
ĳֻ᲻Ӱ쵽ǵļƻɳķзִ磬ƻǵĺңĹȨҲǷҵȨ¶ԷҰĲҪ֣ǷĨɱһпԡο˹ôľӪҲǼٵġ
ΨһҪȷһµǷǱһ¡
ѾĬҪƳɾżӵгߵλ޴ƸһʵȨڹ˽˹ϣƻĬ
Ƕʱڿһ̬ȣҪ۲졣

82 82 

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֪״, ջЩʹ, ȡԴǹҲһ֣ױͶ֣Ҫ׷ʧȥӪϸڡ
Ҳᵽ޻, ȴܾˣΪǵԭҲ, Ҫ޻̩һز, ̩޲ռгǰ
Ըǹڶ飬޲ûôǿҵ, ʹǾʹ⡣
ɺЩʹ½½عˣҪڱѩڻ֮ǰصԼĹңȻڴ֮ǰ¡˳֮Ϊƽ󡯵, ǻʯĥԯȽùߣһ׷޲, ȻһߵҩƷױƷ
֯, û˷֡
֯ķ֯ŮҲڹ, ޲ֲƷڴгϡ
컹ҪĲŲǺܶ, Ϊչ˺ǣÿ׼һʵۣµʽ׷ñѥ, ͷš
Ϊ˱֤Ů°İȫԣʿ붼Ҫ֮ǰŵغͱӡ˵һЦ׷ʵȵȲ£ȻȻͳɾ˼ԡ
ʿǾ۾ӵĴѾ޺ˣÿʿһŲ԰ӺͺԺӣһѾѿأ㹻ʳиþߣмѼֻһŮס
ʾʿŬһ㣬ҵŮѵҲҪֵݼٵʱȥ˼ҰæɻܻӭĲҪĶ⣬ʼԺҲᱻʼֱȽҲҪżһ㣬չʾԼơ
˹ر˼ȻҲкܶ൥Ǵδ
Ĺǵ£ֻΪһֱͲ̫עһϵж档
ģЩʿΪĹ¶˸ⲻͬҸ飬˹Щ򡣰æ£ʵһεĸԼǿʿĹкҳϡһϵŬлرģֻЩرǿС
ѧϰ֪ʶ˹ֵµĵ͵ﱨμӣµĴ׽Ŀˡ
ȻͷӦ¾ֵµıҲ¾
²֪ôͱȥɳķӺҲҪμӣĵҲٰ
̩ĺȳɳȾһõ̩ĻᡣϹҪ޳ȥ뷨ʵ̫ˣɳȵļױǰ͵˿аǧŮսʿֵķ֯ŮЩսʿŮܼ޵ӡδٺδ̩¸
Ҳûоܾɳȹ
ʱĹʶûкôǿңҳϵ˼ԶڶԹҳϵ˼䡣ЩŮɳȹֻ̩Ҫɳȹ̩̩ˣµŮҲͳ̩ˡ
ûأУ϶УǱرߡֻҪСĲҪǽӴ߲ܣҲ̫
һֱļͦģٶ༸Ҳࡣ
ܵӰӾӰ죬üԸıһսһҵˣʵҪĻҪָͨʾϢѣܶʵûʲôáҲϸֱ˺ݣѻС
Ҿȥˣһֻᱻͬ
ʴĵֵ¹Ѳл
Լ֪Ѿˡڶʮ͹ûм꣬Ǳץѱˡ
ʮʲôãֲǵģǵɹ
ֵ²ŶãվһϵĻš˭᲻Ըϵػţ
һԭǣɳȹǸںĴڣһϸɸ顣
ʱŮǸӽݡɳȹǲܳΪŮĵλǺܵ͵ģɳķܷɳķһȨΪˡȹδ̩Ůⲿ档
ɳķӺɳȹĻԼѾȷɳȹ˽Ĵ룬ȻڵڶݶӣΪûʽΪһźš
ϿʼƮһһɫӣһʱ״Ὺʼˡ
췽ʵڴֱʣȾɫ鲼˴ľָԼʿͷ֯ŮʿǴõװΣƤײ÷⣬͵ֹϴݣ˺ӣӿ룩ͷ룬Ȼؿڷһɫľϲˣ
֯Ůϸһ㣬ϴԼͷ壬ȹӣͷɱӣϻҪͿĨϷ࣬Ȼڱϰ÷ۺɫľ
ӣһĻϸѩŻڽɫдз裬Ƿ׷ɵĺһжˡ
ŮԶ·ϣӸǵĸĸ游ĸ·׷ͱܡһѲߵʿҧһҰݸӣΧϣ̧ͷŻѩһͨ˺ܾõʿ߹Ƿ˱˴ˣ˭Ҳûж
ˣһμٴɡ
Ҵҵһ˽ŲڳȥǺ·ûдЬӵƶ¶һЦݣֹ
պҲһȴѾͣ߳һͻ
Ҳ

·ͣ⻨ãֻǷꡣأ
һ
໥кš
һգȫǵ˶ͻ׼׵Ůͻ켣С
ͻƺʲôһͻһЩɬ󷽵ŮŮ
͵ˣ˵ŤȥǣȥѽôܽʻһĹ̫ãȥѽ׼ףɹˣʹȥõࡣʧˣҲȥҵľơ
ֺ͹˵㿴۾ﶼ㣬㿴ֱۣܾٽӣ㿴ĴȣţһǿҪԸѼҶ㣬Ǿͼ˰ɡ
ţһǿˣʻһŮˣǱȺƵһֱۺֱ˲˼ؿ˹һۣҲɬؿһۡ
ȺҲСӣ̩ͳ٣һΧİĹﵯһԼ˫۴Ű⡣ߵĿֱҪ۾ֱԼϲǸǻһ
ҲǸĹվŸ裬ϵͭÿһ¶κĽࡣȹھǷĻ꣬֫Ƿеһ˫۾ǶĴˮҧҧգգۣԼϵıɴסСӵȻءһһ³ɴ롣
СҲκˣԵȫ硣
һսŻǱǼıÿһǰ࣬Ҫƿغͷ²Լˣǿڻıܡ
˵Ů˵֯ĸͭȹҡҷ
ͷԼĺˮѿȼ
ӵĴүתؼȥԼҵСӺ͹Ҳһܲ߸ϱߺŮ
أǰɣ۷䣬Ůǻ໥˶˶ʵǱŵʯǳɴѡ
׼ֵĴʿʹ컨Ůܻӭġһ֪ӵʿӹķ֯Ů
ʿǿ׳㿴ǵĴȣô׳㿴ǵëôŨܣôЩŮϲµʿأÿĺӶûСɳķţԼĵӸߴ׳Ȼǻгܻӭģ
󽾰̧ͷԶ֣ǲȻҵʿֻǿ׳ɾòȻҪǣҵϲĹǹ⣬ʿͻѻͳȥ˵һĵ黰ǿ׳ʲôãзأĻϽʡ
ɳķ塯ĶŮӵ˼Ȼִ˶ٶ֪βģͰЩɽ̸µʿȾҪ˼ҹãȻ㻹ðֺñֻͷɻ˯ޣ˵黰ܵٳ裬СԼӡ
ЩʿͷͻµľͲ˵ˣЩģ黰ϾԼ׼ĶʯǡëһҲܳɹ
תŮ֮У˪ѩһӣһ궼Ⱦ㡣
ȺѽӶ˵򸾺ȻӶЦɷСȥסӵ֡
˵ӱЦˣ˰Żˡ
˹ڳӾ࣬ڳ࣬ǵסġЩб˹࣬һֻȥƬ׻ġ
˹ͷҲЦˡ
лҪ˵ƣ
С
ʣ˵һ˼ǣֱָʲô


83 83 

ӣһʮ, ֪ٵŮ, ֮رࡣ
˳ʳ, ̩˵İȻȻͻҪ飬, ıԸһȶȫĻ
ԵŮʹֻȱһȥʶԡӣһʢһѵ, ͻ
ɶЩ˷ǳѺ, ǲҪƴȺչʾԼȻϲ˿
ʧҲþΣһͻѡҲԼ͵Ƕ仨, 껹ѾҵԼǶ仨ģ˽
ԺԺ˵˵ԼͻʱʶԼһİ£˵ҲǷǳҸġ
ӣһŵļ, ԺΪ׷ѰҸӰɡ
һ꣬Ѿɾˡ
˶˵, , һиĺӳ, ̩Ǿ޴ĺ, ִҲǾ޴Ĺ
ȴҪøӳԶһ㣬Ѿ츽׶԰ˡ
׶԰ΪģΪͽϴûмͥĹŮĹԼְҵŮܹĹ
ܶķ֯Ůڼͥѹѡְ, Է֯ʵһʧΪǶǳŮЧʱ½Ů߲˵ĲҲߡ
ǶȳԼҪЩʲô
ŮԻؼҵͽСĺӵʹһĺӾͿԸʦѧϰּգÿմڸĸߡͺСĺӱԼչˣиھӻѣӵòܺõչˡĸ׵Ҳôġ
ȻˣЩ׵ĺӲ罻ͳһչˣΪŮĸԱ
ڷ֯ĸڣһյѾȦ޷ӣӦ
Ҫ󣬷Ҫͨͨ⣬ҪмĽǡмһյأɳѣаСˮأвƺƺϷŻݵ
Ժչ˺ӵĻݵĹŮǴûŮŵֻҪǺúչ˺ӣաЩûкҲûнԸ깬Ů˵һ޷ܾջ
Ȼʵǲϣֻʮꡣ
ЩŮһѧ֪ʶǼʶֻ˼ʽǱȽģҲϸʺϳΪ׶԰ʦ
ΪЩӣҲ˸ĸķΪֳҲûôСֻǴһƽֻţһֻţճǿֲݣ˺ݺϻޣ
ֳʽṩݣţԶ顣Щţ͹ΪЩӵʳţܲƣЩӳɳ
ԭȼƻһĳõֲأ־µظ֡±֪˵һعȻõĸأǻĵأˮԴԶʺϳΪأֻû⡣
˴ţѹϷͺõķϺʹĸֲȻõ塢ϲݡ޹²ݺͺ
Һܶ׻޻Ǹֶӣ˱صĺӥ춹ҲѡĴ󶹡µƳҲʼֲ󶹡ǽҲʼϣòľոѺ㷢ͣëٽ裬κá
Ѿˣǹռķ㣬Ľոѷ͹Чãܶطͻҷʡ
ȵҺˣҲϡ
ʱˣκζƹ㿪Ҫʱ䣬Ϊλ
Ӿ֪ı䣬عʱԭѾˡ
ȻѾȥ꣬Բɧ⡣
СɽɽѾֲĶˮǱ仧ũˣǻ˼Ѽţ
ר˵СÿͣʳҪ˼Ц˵׸ӵҲྻҪˣʳû飬ǵıʮַ
ȻıǡѼӵūӹӶƽ
ʱӦòбڸūѼūˡ
ѡһѼΪԼǩµĹӶԼӶǣǿԿʼӵԼĹʣ˽ʲ
ͶãͲã㹻ĸûзūѼ󷴶ԸŬ顣˻ʣǵĹ˲ͬĽΪЩüĽǺԸˮ
һūݵǰ棬ʣµūҲúŬҲҪΪƽ񣬹øá
׶԰޺ˣз֯ŮǶ԰Լµĺ͵
ǹʱǵĺӾڸڣרչˣŲɫľͷľƵһЩϺƤëƵޡʱʶֵĹŮǽ£ǻ˫λӼ֡лĹŮǶ塣
¾ıЩ˯ǰ¡
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ȻǻԵһţ࣬ÿӶһ롣ˮļڣǻܵõһζˮ곤˺ܶϡ
ȵ̫ʼѾôˣǿԵ棬ˮϷɳϴ֣ߡǳ֣һֱǵĸ
ǻؼҡ
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ӵµʿѲߣǱЩŮҲЩӡ
мһЩĳŮɷ˵ڿн㣬ֻеճǵİɢ
˰ϲϡŮԼɷ˼˵˵㣬˵ҵ㣬˵ϲϣܺҲܿɰ
Ǹսʿڱĵ٩һͷ
ܶϡ
ȥ˵Ҫ˳ϣźûҺý˻ǳϡԼµģǰԺһڵϣһп֮ɫ֭ˮֻҪһڣյͱɢˡ
ܶûгԹϣһ¾ϲˡ
ϺͿʢģ䡣
ʥɽıѩˮˮγĸ׺ӣĸ׺ַǧ򻧡һľѾԼСˮغͿɰĻ̳Сˮϣˮϸոպá
ѡ̫ɽʱϷŽˮȳٰóпһÿһ飬жģͰھӽйھӲǿţǴϴɾ޻͸ˡ
һȺˣһϣһᡣ
ԺҲھᣬ˸衢ˮǻȼ⡣
μǱԺˡ
˾Ƕܸ裬С˾ҲˡֻС˾Ǿһͱȥ˯ˣҪǺһţ̣Ȼȥ˯С̫˯׳ߡ
СߺЩ˾ͼŮøˡ
ñˮгһһ꣬Ѿϴɾˮڷһȡ
һͰѾƣǷľͰ﷢ѾƣζŨչһѾ㴼
ȴرԵԺϺõѾˮŮΧûѾˮ
˹һߴһ̧ͷһͺİӵɵϼҳ
ԳԿһ쵽˹ߡ
һɢѾˮˡ߽ŵˮӶʢɫѾƣпѾɺɫˮ顣
˹ȥֺһڣѾζζŨˮζڸиӸӡһɫˮιˮҲóԣڸбʮŨľ㣬ûʧȥˮ𣬱һζ
˾ԺȵѾƣžˮ飬бϡ
Χļ˾ǡλŮ˾߹ԼԱ࣬Ů˾һ𳪸衣
Եļ˾Ҳ赸ǸԸȥһȵѾƣһ˫ִŽģһ̵̨Ʒơ
ţɫҶӣиĹ˺˱ǵơơ
󲢲ᣬֻϲ˰˵͡ҹɫãһƬǺתҶſԼȻʳﲻ࣬ȴҲС
˾ǶƣˮѾζ𣬾ζһ֪ĺ˺ܶƣκģϻһܿ˯˹ȥ
ǺܿΧȴ˹ӻָˣҴ»ȥȥ׼һЩˮͬ˺ܶƣֻѬѬȻѵ˹ᱧŶԷľ㣬ӡ
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Ůˮ˹޲šɵݸ˹
˹СĲӡؿڡѩ׵ļΪ΢΢, ɢž, ȥЩʪʮ֡
ëóȥҪϴšɡ
˹, ԼĴߣǻźɫָ⡣ֻùںˮˮ۵ѾƵĵζ
˹˫ɫУ˯ú޷, ˱ֻۣһֱ, С, ͷһº˯ڻᡣ
ҹ䰲, ¡
һΡ
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ɳ̲ߣʱһöǡ
ںڰעͷһֱˮûĽѾ￴Էֻ֪еעšһΧǿӵϤˣη壬ҪȥѰҵʱȴģģһƬ
ͻȻúܲ˳дҰһɫӰͻȻѹϣĺϸϸɳӣ˫ֱץסŵͷ־£һ
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ҵͷץԺеյس̾һͰװѾƶ
Ũοôࡣ
ûʲô˵ľٶɣ
һʵ벻֮ʲô𴲣ƿᣣѾñնҪ
˯£׼õµ·ǿ˳µĿʽ
ϰǶTýƯװΡŢ̣ܶһ¶һС鸹ƺ͸Ҳ졣
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ҲǱɫƤЬɫҰţƤҲţƤţĽճϡ洮˺ܶ౦ʯʲôʯɺнƬƯļͼ˵һ˫Ь㹻֮ͨҳԺһӵģȴϵͳṩĲЬ
֮⣬ĲϺϻŲٻƽΣǼ򵥵Ľ𻷣ϵһЩɫıʯ
Ҫţ£һ鶷ڵǿҵߡ
ҡҡ壬÷ϴþ߹ˢëϲˮգһʣ˵ʲôô
÷룬ҡҡͷ˺˯ˣ˹˸·Լӵ˯Ǻˣرԣ˯ú˵ģСӤ
Ǿͺáһڣʣ˹أ
˹ڼС˾ǵҵ÷˵
һЦѾС˾ǿͰ͵ˣ˹ĺϸ񰡡
óˮ̣ÿһ롣ĺǣֻܰǵˡ
ľΪˮϲʱطҲΪ׵׳ɳ֡
ܡԿ͡صӦã󲿷ֵطܳȻûиӦ
Ͷ֣Ϊ̩ձ黹֮ǰֺӥ춹ϣܶҲѧ
һҵģ̩֮µĴ˵
Խӣı
ƣĻΪūṩʳסϵļΪеƽҵӣΪڵĸŮĥ۵ĹߣΪũֵĹߣΪеṩҩ
̩Ĺ˽ÿһڰߵϡ
ʵʹʹŲôӣγеҪĿףǴҪġĻ̩ԽԽǡǴӿ˳ƷҩĻױƷֲ顢ֹɹɵӣһ
ôҪôԼƷֵأǾǴ̩ӣеޣôĶҲ÷ǳֵǮ
ǵĲԷǳɹø߼ЩƷ
߼ЩĹŮЩЧĶңŴ˵һò̩ӡļӦƮƮѩһ׾Ө촽ǺɫĻһͷɫ¹⣬۾յա
ȱֵʱһңԶ̩ӣ̩ƷȻҲһʱС
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ЧȻûִą̃΢һ㣬ԶλҲѾԤڡ
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ƫƫ꣬Ǹ£ﴺﲻ䲻ȣǶ꣬Ķ컹ѩ
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㲻ãǧδΪı־Խء˵
ôһôôΰʱ˵ľ糡ݳõļͯ磬ƺеСˡôţɯʿϷ磬Ĳּǲǣ
һֱߵµλϣҪ̧ͷܿԶ̨Խλ̨߹ȥλ̨ûֱĽݣôߣ
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˹ûжȻ֪ʲô
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վ̨ϣûбݣᳪ裬Ҳ衣վ棬о۵ףǸоܺã˹ĵط
ߺ͹ע⣬ߵ
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̫ԸȥǸ档
ǰѾ糡תһͻȥˡȻǴȵ죬˻һ
˹ͻȻʣԺ𣿡
˹ͷһѾشˣᡣ
飬ûܵİºͺӣһֱڱԺȻ˽һ˲䣬ϣһֱûС
Ҫ飿Сϲˣ˹һ£ɤеơ
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˹ľһ£ЩӦø˲Ŷԡ
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һ㣬˳ڣ˹ƽ̫һ˵֮˽ţ̲סҪ㿪
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85 85 

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Ҳ֪ʲô֮İ˹ҪҵļˣҾˣ˹Ҫҵ㰮ˣҾİˡνԼʲôݣֻΪ㣬ԿһЩһЩǰ𣿻ҹµ**ҩ
ͨ鰮飬Ϊ쳾
һģı̬һɱ
׳ɹûСʧҲûСõȷлӦĸʧȥص֡Ȼһûа㣬Ѿرˡرˡ
ûκ˿ԾܾΨһʯͷĶ飬ο˹
˹С¹
֪˼鰮ʲôǷңΪ
һ鰮ģΨһһ
˹ԼѾڻˣԼһˡ
˹۾һִ棺㣬һܰܰԣҲܰܰҲſԣ˹
˹ûбĶҲû˵ֻǲż򣬺һġ
ֻĿ֣ſСһȲҪɳˡ
ȥģҾȥġδһյᷳˣ뿴ˣҾסڵµӰеʱҲʲôʱˣͷһһֱڡ˹Լٲᰮκˡ
ͷǿԼԼǣ˭ǱԵǸأ
ָڳľϱıסһ˵ָǰѹõ͵͵ģᷳģûһ졣ֻҪûб䣬ҵľͲ䡣
һֱᷳҵĿҳΪ֮󣬿ɷһԼ顯Լͭϣҽҹ˹һ
ڴѲһʼһ֪֪Լ顯ô£ĳ˾Ҫĳ飬Ϊ˼ż֮һ
Լ̣Ǳֽྻ֮ļ˾ķ֮󡣽˻֮˾ҲٽӣС
Լϣ˾Ƶģȫ飬ȴ
ӣ˵ԼҲǿԵġһ˾һǩʥԼԼһһ
ϲ˵˺ܶ࣬ûһ顣˹ؿô֮ǰ۵ĺȫûˡ˺ѶᷴԣϾϵ
ⴧҵĹϵһֱеŬһľ𣿡
ֻҪ²ᷳңΣ޹ء
֪ԼǸȫкܵ͵ˣ˹ַʽȲ˵ǩԼḶĴۡ˵Ϊ٣ǩԼȨƣҲΥʥԼݡΥֻ´λö
ʱҪһһĳŵǸ鵭ˣͻῪʼ档˹˵Ѿն·ĵϲҰɡ
˼
󿿹ȥһա˹΢ʱ˵ˡʧ
ȷҪֳŵױ䣬Լ
ңݣ˹λٻǼꡣ⼸꣬˹뱣ֽྻ֮ϲǰȷϲ˹ҵĸоͻȻתˣܵøһ㻺ʱ䡣
תݵ˹Σ̫ǿƽôûǸβǣ
棬̸괿˵ҪŬ壬λȡ´ΰ˹ιȥ
ͷá
Ĭȵ˹Ϊ٣ǩԼʹǰˮŰһԡ
лҪ˵ƣһף˹洿飬ڶףƭң

86 86 

ǵ, ʱ˵Ĭ
ʱ˵˽ûôƺԼ
֮ͬİ, ֻСڵĸ˵İá, ˹Ǽ˾ûҪΥ泱飬ǵǿԴ󷽷չʾô˹, µλȣϾλӻôࡣ
ȻҲԼ˵˹, κ˲ָ˺
ȻôĻ, ˹ĳƵһĸӹ˿˹ŬֻǵӵˡԺ˹Ϊ, һɫӰ
Ը⿴ģϲһˣȻΪǡ˹ֵõģܱԼۡ
ⷽ, һ㲻ԼΪܶ˶аʾ, , Ů, ֻװɵȥ, ⡣
˹أʵûΪۻߵԲҹ
۵ѹԼʦĸ׵˵ķӦǵ, ǵǲ˹ٽӽ
Ҫ˵չպ֮ӡ˹Ҳóϣȷչյľٶµͼջˡ
ɳķӶ£ˡ
˵Ƥӵ£ԵбĵģԼ˵ʦ֪ˣŻֱȴϣȻ󶪵ɳĮȥ
ŶϾʹϰɣҩϼҲС
Ǽǰ˹ζ벻һعصԼƻء
δڣֻңʱʦѡԼ
뵽ǵʱѡһˣߵһˣ˹඼Ҫֹͣˡ
ˣ˹Ȼ
ڵ̫ĶҴһ˷䣬һ·˭ͷ˹ں棬ƽһֻǽŲر졣
ʻĳǣԺһֱҵס֪˾ܵһ񶼲У޲Լͻʯ
˹Ųһ٣ԺǾ͸Ұɡ
ǡ
֮󡭡ǵûرı仯Ŷˣ˽ʼÿһСʱϰһλ̵ָ˹
˹̵÷ǳ棬ֱˤһ㲻ˮ
ԽԽ£˿յʱѾż˹ˤɳˡֻӲһȫͼɵĽ棬ѹû˿ȻһԶ
ڻص֮ôǾֻԼ֪ˡ
ʵߵˣ簢÷Ѿԡ
ȻһŮ˵ֻҪԼϲǱǺõġ
˹ˣ˶Լ飬Գ׽ˣӦòô׷ֶߡ
÷ߣ֪æµҪſĹˮϵͳҪŹ۵Ϣʯˮ࣬ҪǵֳҪȥβˣҪලС˾ǵĹҪ֯£ҪպɹһµĲҩҪ¸ӡ˹Ҫæһܼһ㲻ˡ
ԣͬĪûв˾͸ϸ롣
һ˵ˣôġ㡯Ҫ״Լͷ˾˽𣿾״棬֤Ǳܣһ䡮ֵͺŪȥˣǡ㡯ͻúнСȫǳֺá
ǰҽεĲ¼һ£ɲᡣ
ճȷ;ΣһЩȷСͼ
˾ǽ֮¼ƤֽϡЩƤֽһҩһ͵еȥ޷ѧϰļ˾ȡµЧҽ֪ʶ
ַͨǱĬ¶塮ҽҩԼӰ
ʱǺڣΪǵֽôġ̩ƤֽƤڲֽšһֽֽҲôá
ֽķƤĥ飬ʯңɴľ˳ɵʱ¡ǲ֪ǲΪѡȡĲϲԣֽܴ࣬鲻˵īܲáŪһֲֽܴڣҲûд֣ɴͳ˲ֽ
һֽĹ˻ĥоأһŪʹõдֽɡ
дõƤֽ𣬺ͰװõСһװһͲͲֺһЩƷҩŽһľ֮ǰһʹһľӳ̩ͬǻڶ֮ǰ͵ͬ
һͳȥ֮һС߳ţߵϣ˲Ǻܶ࣬æո
һ·ߵӣϣ˶һЩҲƽ٣ֻһ֡
ԭǽͷڱݣһͦ塣ǰ󿴵ĶʮڵС壬һȺʮˣÿ˶ԼľС
ģģбˣģϷݵĶݣгʫġ
ǾʵıӮ˵ȲʣȺһЩӺӣвƴֵĶһһ˵ϲһȡЩ
һӵԱߣҪűߵһӡѾֵݸ
ӣǴģ
⺢СİѶװڴȻֵؿźɴ󣺡ˣڸ˵𣿡
ϽһСӣһЩɢıǱңץһѳݸӣǵĸ
ʱǵķϣ⺢ӴȥǸˡ
ŵĸǸòˣõĻ
λˣ֪ʲô£̬ǫͣȴ΢
Ǳݵúܺáһ佱ûпȺ˵ıһЩ͢˶ɫ
ллĿ佱ˡ
Ȥڿһ̶ı̨ҪӶһЩıˡ˵
һ£˵ʲô
ЦӶǣˡ
ַˣ֮ǰĶСҲǴգߵСֲĳ˶Сʽ︽һЩׯҲıֲʽ
Ϊ˵׺޻úͶԱطջ׺޻ؿʼҪֲӡΪôֶӣӵ˰Ҳ͵˰ٷ֮ʮ
һЩˣһЩ˻׼סΣĵӰǳ״̩ɢȥˡ
̩ꡣ
շռ磬ףķաǽɹɵװǽ棬ҰջױӣӲӵɫϲõɫ
һŮõ·ʢװĿܵϣ˾ͻкͳһףǶϲף
˷㣬ʶʶ˲μӼľۻᡣʢʳԺӣиջסӺͶӣдˮơ
ŽϻȥĺӺͱʳϲЦտĴˣѾ벻һʱ·ϵεľ
ʱĿ
ˣŲջ񣬱໴ĺӺͼһңÿնŶյʳԤ⣬ȴԤ⣬˶֪ԺΣǱûǱøδ֪Ļ̿Ҳǰķ򣬰ЩҥԸ㯡
ƶԿͨ˵ĵһӡ
괺ʼףաʵʳ⻹ûнǴҿ˽ϣϣõĶǵϿʼЦݣҵԼķ
һ꣬ȫҵءءٲƽؿʼֲס޻Ҳʼ֡ǿļδ·δǿԿüģ˵Ŀüᶨǲٺ£Ҳԥǻǻص
֮ӣɾˮˮϵͳ͵˼ſڣõͻ⣬ƽԽԽù
̩꣬౾ֲӵضֲף׷աСָĳ˸ʺ̩ĶС󣬲ӡȫΧ˰սͣҼһ㹻Եʳǻ۵¡첻ٿ¡
ط֪Ųø
ϸһ룬ʹı˰յģһǼģ޲Ǵֲⲿʧ
˰Ѿȷȫгкʹׯ꿪ʼ޸ˣũ¸ʳ
ܳԱͲôඪͷŮ飬ôΪ˽ʡʳɱˣŮ˲ΪһڳԵļԼ˲Ϊһʳ
ɯŮһֱУϣЩԽԽ١
ãһжڱá
£뵽ʲô˵ô˹ʡ
ͷתЦݲãҽܳԱӣҲ㹻ʳ
һЩˡԼ޵˱ˣһرĳɾ͸С
ոͳطƽʳ˹ָֿȾˣǣҶŬҲлл£̩һҸ¡
󶨶˹룬˹ΪԼմʲôණ
÷㿴ǱʲôͻȻָһ
÷ʶǱ߿ȥ˹ʲôȴһ¡
㣬Һܸˣ˹
˹عʱȴѾӳȥˣ֣¶һС˹Ҳһףķհɡ
˹գƺĴС
棬ô˿ţ˹߹ȥһһϣôôɰˣ
лҪ˵ƣҵ˫⣬~


87 87 

ûαװ, ˶ϵ, ̩ӡľȥǼ, ǽľƣԽջЩŮ裬ȹʯһ
̩ܸ, ˭һ׼˸衣󲻻ᣬ, һ̫΢ЦĻ, ׾ֿܸܵ֡
˹һС٣̩߳ͳ衣
׸質һ޵Ůȴ飬Ů²ںδ, ǲǼŹûб·߻ݲע⣬ûΣա
˹Ȫˮһں, ΡСȻŮԵĸȴһûǿҵΥ͸С
˹һһҵС硯, ۾
Ҳժ, þӭ㡣
Ҳ, 㡣
ҵĴ⡣
ҵС, ԡ
رˮڳ衣
ǰڳ衣
һԴӹ
ҵС磬ʱң
һ˹衣һֱΪζº˹û뵽
ˣĺ, ˳ûܺÿһƯлһģȪһֻ㣬˭ܾܾ
ʱϣԼҲܳ裬Щ˼˸Ķˡ
浽̫£Ŀڽͷ裬Ѳߵڽֵ֮䴩С
˹Żصң߹ü֣ʢ룬ԹüҵˮóõĶдˡ
˼ȾְǰżСӡ
Լϣ÷ȥ׼ϴõĶֻ
û뵽˹ᳪ衣ʵں
档
ֻᳪԼİֻ볪˹˵Ȼ֮ǰûйؿȼյ⡣û⣬ôóҥ
ȡһ˼ָ˲գǣҲᳪ衣´ѧˣ
˹Ҳ֮ǰɿһµգڶȶȡںػӦԼ֮ǰһ£˵Ҫѧϰ衣
ϲôɰôõˣоϲ¶һ˵¡
÷ˡſڵͻȻ˵
˹ֱſڰ÷Сһ㣬ŵº˹ˡȻһš
˵
÷ûŵʱ˹ͷһ££ҹΡ
÷ŴˣкŮϴƷ˽ʲôûп
֮ľ糡ʼӪҵһȨҲƽʿϸ飬ֹЯʯͷڡ
̩˿ͷıݣҲʫ˵Ĺ£͵ȴǵһοĴƽ͹ûоһһѾũһȾɫ۵ĹŽڱ𴦾Կ
ܿݾҪʼˣֹͣ˵һ߳ʺãӭͯ糡һʮò꣬д͸Դ죬һС黹˵Ҳ
һܺõĿȻѾֻҪһ󣬺ŵĹھԱһ̨ʡ
ڳҰţһǿʿǣʯһĹǣ󰲡ͯ糡˱ڴ˽糡ˣ̩֮£ӵ£ӭλĵ
һ˵ֳ꣬һ
ˣǴ̩֮£Ӳڱʾٴΰ
ͯ糡ݳй£ǿ׿ɰӵĹ£ʥͱ׫ɣǻۡףĹ¡죬Щ½λ
˶ĳݺϲԱϯϵ̲סٴγ˳ԼñӣΧںΰӡ̩֮£ʵеڴ̼
֮ǰŵųȫܹԺݣлʣн͸
ƺ˿ںͰ̺ۣԼǹ֮ӣưܺ˵ԭпˣԲͬң·£һ
пǵܹ塭趨ôô죿
ʵ벻˭Ϊй̶ʺͽ𣬿԰ס⣬ҳŵ˸ɧǡʹԱΪ糡һԱ
˳
֮ԱʼϳҲһ鱳Ĳԭ⡣
һǡٻΪ̩˶ʶϻ޸һ£򹷼ٲԭ֮ʨӵ磬һġԱǴɽƤëĵ߷Ⱦɫĵ߷ԶԶȥȷʨӡ򹷡¹ӵȡ
µĿһֻСʨӴסһֻƻĲ򹷣ƻĲΪһѡ
ʵºܼ򵥵ģ϶ЩϷԵĳͻͻú˼ǰ̩˿ıݣǴıݣĹ£ǾǴĹ¡
С糡һԿԶøйٻȡϢȻ˼
ǻᰮ˹˵û˿ԵֵЩµ
˹ҲǵһοƷû뵽Чôą́Щ
ʵвڣȻǱɹһֵʱȴӵ˱ǳޱʨӣ˽ƻĲ򹷣ǵĸǵĶͻ
һ½û̿ʼڶ¡һʮҵӼıݣùڷһ顣СƷһͬ͵ķֿһ̫ƣ͡
ǾʵӼݳȴû򡣴Ҷ۸ոտĹ¡
˾ò̫˾ʨ̫Լ뷨
Ǻ£ȫһӦ÷ʡһԼдµ
ڶСӵĹ¡ִ˶Ķͯǹ£ҪԼ˼Ҫʵ
ǵڶˡһˣһ˸һݳݣ糡ӼһСʱڡ
СӵĹǳ׶ǵȴ̡
̩ҲȤĹ£ǺһѹӱЩһһر𴥶ġ͸окܶ鶼˽͡
ԱŵһˣͰյŴȣ˵ԼС
˾ͺܺ棬һֵֺˣô˵ԼСأ
˽͵һλᣬһƷ˵ĳдǮ·;ңԶΣաȥ̶ӡ̶Ӿ˵ûΣգ׬˺ܶࡣС̶˵ΣգȥҲѪ޹顣һѪ޹飬ˣ˹ȥһգǲ׬˺ܶܶǮ˵ǲƥС
˵ͷǣ˵˺͹СһϧСָȥһԺˮǳ򰡣˵׬ǱǮأ
ԼҲô룺Ҫ£ǸʱͲ̷ˡ
뵽һٿ޺ҵǮǿǺôһǮ
Ϳ˿ˣг赸ûпһգѾһ£ǹǽƼĹ¡¡ҪŬȡӦѾΪ¡
ģ£̫
̩Ҫ壬ҪһѻȻǿס֣ڼд˽Ҳ翪ǣңԶıһ޴ĹĹΪƶϣֻҶڵ壬ȴϲɫװ
ƽû·ʱ򣬹ÿ춼Ҫһ·ɫױôݳ޵һ̲סС
󲿷ֲϿڵ̩һҲֻ·ƽ񣬿ܼһµġǸҵȴɫɴװ¶ԴԹôƽԹ֪
Ȼһ컻һ·û˵Ǳ֪ΪʲôgetǸ㣬ñֱӴڱͷϡ
ΪĶУĹƭŪ󳼱ƭŪʱ˶ĳЦ
Ҳ˴˺ܶڸܿ֡
·λõĹЦʮֳ죬һëߵɷŮ׼鲼ݳʱ򶪵̨ϣǶԱļν
ͷǾͨ棬ǵıݿ֣ȻϡһͭΡ
ݽбˣԱˣˣǶ̨лĻ˫ֽǰһһϹ
Щ׼õʻͲ϶̨ϣȺ﷢˾޴Ļ
Ҫ˳ˣµһţţά
Ⱥߣ˹˫λס
ǶԼĹ£ʱЩͯ磬ԺΪһĵͿֵԴȪ
һóҡֳһ׸裺Ұ̩úҹ˹⡣
лҪ˵˵Ҫʣ˵Ҫ

88 88 

Ұ̩, úҹ˹⡣
ֱдĸܿڽͷβ, ·ϵĺӶܺһ䡣͸һӿ糡
żһЩȡ糡볡ȯ, Ȼȥݡ볡ȯļ۸ܵͣƽͥһʳ, Ը⼸ٳһڣһȥݡ
ʳ, 㾫
͡
Щݸ˴˶δҸκõļ䡣ЩõĻ, ƺͶ
ͯ糡ÿ磬һһСʱΪһֻ, ÿһĹ¶һ¸꣬鲻ˣԱͲˡʮִˣݾӺһСʱ, ûԼ볡һο
С糡볡Сľʽ, ýĹ, ϸϸ˿Ƕƶ˿ϸ, Բϼֵʵ, ߵǹռֵľƺ˿ԿĽĿıţֻܿ˺ŵĽĿҪĿ͵Ŀӡ
ʵΪƹ, ϸţ֤гÿһŵĿǧ⣬ҲͳƳܻӭĽĿ
ӿƺЩ¶ܻӭָ¡
Լǰȥûһͷ࣬ƺõĽҪ˷װĴҲҪ׼ˡ
Ϊܳ⣬ˡƷƺƷ֣ٵ꣬ܳʱ죬ϲĺˡպʱϾľƣոպá
׷ˣˣϾˣˣһ¿ˮ廨⣬ٵꡣ
˹ɲɧʲôóԵģ
ΪϲҲ׼һЩṩķС֮죬Ҳöԣǿ˼Ҳƽ̫ͥںĿڸС
˹£һ߹С˵һ¡
鲻䣬ֻ˵һ󡯡
ע⵽߹ʲô¡
ûʲôץסһ˹Ц˵
󲢲֪ץסҲЩϵǶߣбȥұԼȥϷѱ̻޴Դ󣬼ֱ䶾ҺĶߡ
˶øжȺܸߣżвϲģҲǶߡ
̾Ͱ˾ٱѲѾ˹Ǳļ
绹ҪɹСɽǱ߲ɼҩģЩҪҩۡ˹ȥѶǸֵǣǱһѶʿһ㱣һ̲࣬ϳһ޴ĺڰߡ
ôˣϣ˹ʡ
Ѷʿл㱣ˣܲǼ
ţ
˹ԣʿһһԼ鵽˵ˣֵ˹ˡ
ڿûкйӴΪǼӣĸȽƫ裬ǸͨĽͷ죬ûйҲûмͥϲȾƣһȾͺȵ
Щ⣬ֵ۾ֻܿõģҲֵ죬ֻ˵õġַھӶ˵ǸС䣬СǶϲи˳󣬿ũ
Щϣ˽ûҪ࣬ӴٵٵͷʢӣҲһӡԼйƿڴʱ򣬾ͺ
Լ̩һ˵ˬ졣
Ҫûһ£оһ·ԣ󲿷Ե޹ʱˣú͸档
Լͣû֡
֮ľ͸ˡ֮ϵ£ûһ˳ۣȻҲ
ʲôʲôףôӺóԣбӺóԻ֣һҹӰ˰ɣα
ԣ治ǼƼҲûš
˴ǣʲôҪһԵԼֻͣǰûƣ˽£ź˾ƣһ壬ʲô˲ˡ
ڱûȥֻǽӴˣһٴ;ñ˼ϰԼǡˡҲǡ񱱹ˡԿ¡̱ܲˣԼˣſƲסƿڴ
׻˵ҹ·߶ģⲻڱͱȥˡ
˹ǺڵģⱲӶûˣúùԱ˾ˡ
˹ûʲô̩ģûܹصĶ֮ȴһֱڸκһĻƽ󱥸˶
˵ϵһۣԼ۴
ᰮˣԹԹصôʧˡļˣĸĸ뿪˿ǱɶҺڲ絹ûܵǣǶڿҿҵũҲδ¶ԡ
˴˻ᣬ˹ɳķһοɨȥһЩΣյʿкܶûŮҲûؿֹ
Ĺ¹˺һЩûиĸİӣǲ֪Ҫô졣βܵĻܻ죬ִչǣҲܡ
޺ͽֵѾļһЩˣʣһЩвȱֲǲȱôˡһЩʮ꣬ûиĸĺӡ֪һЩ֮ǰѾļһЩˣʵûпȱ
˵ףΪЩûʲôǱááļܡʵ£µûмֵ
Щı˵ϣЩˣĲ֪ҪôΪֻܸһЩܻе
ɳķ뵽һҪô˺ܶˣ˸Ҫϴ˲ǡ˲ߣҪһЩϴˡҲҪܣ׬һЩɳķӾ˼ٺ˸ϴˡ
⻹һʣˡһʣµСһˣñĺˮϴ˶İǶ벻ʲôʵĹˡ
ũҷʲҪռôѾúܸɾǿ⣬Щ˵ţضǣЩЩȥռЩţ㣬һȡ㹻һյʳЩҪҲũҷʵ顣
̩ƬƬĲݵأţ࣬ȥһСľͻС
ЩôȻֻҲǿԣǸоʲߣͺʹøһЩ
ϵҲвһ֣ܿ찲
ʳ󣬴û̸ܵϵĺôڴ󲿷˿ʳȡ㲢㡣Ϊһƾ٣ܻݵȻм
Щ˻ϣҲʮͷһһܼȡյʳ˵һ
Щƶ˼ҵĺӺ͹ѾӵŮҲũʮָɾ
ѾڿԺˡɳķӵϴ˹һʱģҲһȿʶϵĺôͲЩţ࣬ôЩôأ
ǻûãѾɳķӴʱ
һǿļ̳ӭȢһ£˺ܶʹߺˣҲһδ࣬ϵĺ첼̫̫˼
һλᣬҪ̩ĲƷȥȦõĻᡣƷܴ̼̩Ĳҵãԣ
Ⱦɫ޲Ϊһƥ޲ȥʲô˻ȣȾɫĹ˺ͷ֯ĹˣȻ޻ֲߺȾɫֲֲߣ̩Ϊ˰աЩֻϵģ룬֮ǰֱӻˣЩǮʲôǲҪô˶̼ǲǾͼӻˣ
˹˲뵽ΣǱ֪ܵӹĲƷȥԽ̩࣬ԽֺôǿԿõģ̩һֱҵ쳣Ѻá
˹Ǹ˹ʹ齵ıԺ
Ƿ糾͵߽˻һֹҪҪԡ
ֹܹЧĨ飬촽ҪϸĨ󴽸ࡣǴ׷˯ۣϸޱ޲ޣůûκ˵ζе㡣
ʱǻҪƼ̩õѬ㣬رĹ䷽ڻûζֻз㡣רŵͭ¯̿һңһĸƬһ衣˵̩ӵǱߴ÷
˯ȥϢúܺãڶռֱǾ»
ʱ򣬿˶ӶˣǺҪζʳڼ
нƵը׸⣬˿˿ıɽм˿⡢Ĳˡ嵰ƬΣһեˮˮڻ֭ԸһЩǮһڲͬľϲӣҵ⣬ǵ̩ڱĵطԵĵġ
֪ʲôǵ𣿾ǡġľĴڡ
һǡôǣ˵
磬˸ǷʢͰװˮŵĻٸǽƼƬʳҾ䷽ִըš
֤ԹһΣĳθͰ̩ҡ
ûʲôĻƼȥɢܸɾҲܰȫȥһοеľ糡ݳǼֱһ갴Ħ޲ñס糡ӲԸˡ
ҪڿˣĶҲȥ
лҪ˵̩5Aʤأ紾ӡ羰ˣΰкܶɫʳеľ糡Ļ̩ӭ~
ƣԶĿˣ㣨Ǯ~


89 89 

ĿһЩȥѰ׵Щ, ǧټƼһγʹŶӡ
Щʹ߲һ, ЩĿûź, һʱȥ
ܶ˵һʱȥ̫ҩǿ϶ҪģǱҪġЩ̫ˣؼʱܾҪԼһ, ļˡѡ˾
һ嵥涼ҪǹĶʹŵʹ߼ſ, ɳһ, һֱס̨һ߶嵥رԼҪҩ
һ򼷵˺ҹŮȻܾϲķֻƷͻױƷƺˡԶԼҪЩ, ȻҲ٣沢ǺܲŮȴϲÿһֶһ
޹²ζĽ࣬з࣬ÿһʮԡ
޹²ζĽ, ³ʲôȻҲҪõġȫʮŮԡ
ڻױƷȴŮƽȵ, ΪʱһϲԼ, ҡû
ɻѾʮɫ, 졢ϹϺ졢Ҷǽﶬɫ, ǵԱ˵ģΪЩɫ˸еůʵֻ߲ŸЩɫ΢ǷԼһò
ʵصģ׼˺ܶࡣ
ڹĴ󲿷ͺľͶ, ȥͺľͲƷ͹߷֣ߣΪҪϣ˹䷽Ҫۡ
ĻױƷҲ㹻Ϊõ廨򶼷ˡĥۺܻӭŴ׷
һηľҲ屶屶֮ĳ屶ӣһȻϣɫǳʱɫʱ
Ǻɫⷬѡܲ÷ȡȻɫء
ԺĻױƷɫӶ
ʹűȥ࣬ȥûֻڹĹңõӶˣǽˡ˵ףɳķӴ飬ʵҪӡ
ɳķһ㲻ǱͼȳɳҲ⡣
ɳûõ֯ĹȨµķ֯Ů˳ȥΪ޻̩׼չһòҵģȻܽڻɳȡǸԷ֯һ黹ȫȨ
⣬ԺҲһֱ
ҪôɳȵŮ̩ҲǺޱʾͲصȾɫɳȹΪĲ̩ԺĲϿ϶߸߶˾Ʒ͵Ͷƽ·ߣȾɫҲǳҪ
ɳȹһɫȾϡҶĥ֭ʯҳȾϣǳɫΪɫɫкɫЧ
ӡֲȾȾȾķɳȡ
͵Ĳһӻһּɳȹ̩Ÿ̡ɳȹԶ޵ˣױĵƫƫŮˡˣһ
ǲɳȹŮ֣µĻվӦ֯ĲϸƽƷЩŮЩȾɫʲôҪóģֻһó
ǲҪôǸˡ
ɳȹû뵽յ̩ӣȻΪ޾ǸΣһҪߵģǹ
Ӵܶˣһ⣬ЩΪǣԣɳķҲǡΨһԵĵطиĸףŮ˵΢еء˵̩ĵһ
λȨ޵̩ҪԭҲҪȨ
ûм̩ôôůкӡ
ȻѾǸˣȴǺŵĻһɬ͵кӲ֪Ů֣̩ӵĻ᲻İŮ˵أ
һЩŮͻôص˵ŮҲܺãӵŮ˸ʲô׶԰˼ΪҪŮĶءҲûоŮȨ⡣
ֹԣůˡ
ɳȹĿϣһָֻα͵͵Ц
ߵŮΪôˣǰѯɳȹһֻסЦЦһͱ˵ӦõġǳէҪŲܡȾɫǻᣬǶء
ǣ¡
ŮְѶȥɳȹߵϣӸ¿ԶæµˣΪĻæµΪ̩
жڿš̩Ĺɳķӡ̩ͳϻᣬкȵЩˣȫǡ
ɹˣȻ˺ȲʣʧˣǾԼܡ
ɳϰˣϳĹ£ԣû˿԰
ɳȹиϲˣϲһƯ֪ʶȤλ̳˵ʱǶôڣôôǣĵܱܵȷΪ̳֮ǾѸ䵭ˡǣ˰αʵ
ɳȲɫȨƣǱǸȡ衣ȻѾûҪȨƣô뿪Ҳͺ⡣
ֻǿӣѲɳΨһϼ۵ֻм̳ݣԹݵõҺͳϿɣѵֻƾһ仰
档뿪Լ޴ľ治֪ƯˣѬĵĸĸ͵ĸȨŮ˵Ĵء
ճԳԼ֮ǰ۹֮ɳȹңֻһ֮Ե̩ӣȫͬʶ˵к̩֮ǰûԭϻ͵ˡ
ףԴ󣬲ӣųäĿһĹ¹ͦε¹ĿҶһ͸㣬ˡ
ɳȹȻԼʵϲãҪĲƯˣ궼Ưˡ
̫ˣɳȷûŮ
ɳˣΪʲôϲǵӣϲԼСӡҪеεģѹôӱѹأСӸã֣ûзա
ԺҲôɰСӣԾţҪʲôҪϵҲһ
Ȼɳ뵽ɳķӣƲƲ죺ϧˣǳҲ֪ôɵ
ߴɳķͻȻһ񺮣û˯ˣҪҪһЩ
ɳķΪ׼һõ޲רĺ֭ȾůĺɫȻ󽫽Ӵɽ𲭣ɽߣڲɽ
ֻһΣԺ󻹻ٴġĲϻḸӡĸŮȥһܿҲҪôȥ½˺ϸóõˮ׼
ɳķӵߴ֮Ҫ׼
ÿ˶æΪʮҪ׼ûһУԿĴϿԿһʳĵĳǶǻҪõġ
ɳķӻѪΪоԻΪλ׼̩Ĵͳʽ̳
ȢһҲֻһΣԺ¡أһ˷ȫ֮ͬϲ
ҲΪʲôɳķӽ飬ȫ˶ʵΪ˵ԭ
Ȣһʱ̩ûôǿ󣬰ͼҲûôƶĹʵӵеĴǹģáǮĵһÿһͥһ㹻һµ鲼
⣬߶˼ʮꡣ
ɳķݳˣҪÿһͥһǡ
һ飬ҲǼ飬һޣ̩ӵͷ·ڿܼӡ
ɳķӸֲ˷ˣǱƳǣϵȵѩ׵һŸ߼
΢΢еƵǲӰĵʱͻɸɫǹٴθл󣬺ЩӲǺǵ䷽óģɫȡֲɫءЩɳƷǹһΪ͸ͣÿһһ顣
껹ԣǮɡ
ײɫһ㣬һǵǾ͸ֵߣһһ麬棬ܾúܾá
ʮ˿ڣȥūټȥûлڵߣֻмˣһϰٺ˵ģҪŵֻмǧݡ
һǾСװһСǧݣǾǼǧ
ǲµġĶĶ֣ΪֲҲǺܿѧԿôʵĻҲֳͷһ˿Բϰٽǡ
ɳķ˶أ˼Ķأ껹ҪѸࡣ
ʣµܳаɳķӵһţˡ
һδ飬ľɳķǰ˵
ǽۿȸȥȻת˹ϧˣװֵ˹ֲϽ飬ʱҲԸ
һЩǡ
ɳķԴ⣬ûбӴ󷽵ˡ˹Լʮɡ
СӣԷӵ˹Ҫ飬Ҹȫİÿһһ⡢һ鲼һ޽͡
лҪ˵ɳķӣǮ~
ƣҸǮ


90 90 

Ȼ, ˹ӳɳķӺһ, Ӳܺ˱ˡ
Ϊֵܳս, ɳķӴܴ̼Ϊƴ
ɳķض, ׬ǮĶѽȲ˵֯ǲõķֺ, ҩͻױƷ͹ˡҪϲǮⱾʲô׶԰ǮӶƽ, Աֳߣڼֱһɳķ
ɳķӵǲ, ׵, ǸùʺһֺСηǻǮ, ڲԱŻ·ߣһһ㡣
⡢ͽͣ
ɳķӾԼǹǺ, ƾӵһȫп
뵽˹ǸɫϹŰ, ЩͲȥġɳķǶɫë, ԵĻ˵Լ׼һˣȻʹߴȥǵĹңΪµĴ˵
˹Խֻ˵ߣҪƽ
ɳķ, ҪĿĲҫԼôǮǺ˹˵顣
̩кܶĸǸľĹҡɳķӴ飬ЩС϶ҪԱҳϵġǣĺ˽ˡ
һΣΣκԷң⣬̩Ҫˡ
ǿЩܰûʲô˵Լ̩δոջֵɳķһ˵Щǿҧгݡ
С˵٣˵ǴĲֻɳķӵ̩
⿼Լļ̳ˣͰ½ɳķӣԼɳķһǶ˵ǶԸʹչԼҲ
ǶԴ֤Լ˵»ɺ¡
ɳķӺ˹ɶپӣô·ص㿪ʼ̺ʽ
ӲƤԣ˴죬ʣΪʲôͨأûȷĿˣǱʲôȷġЩֲѰϡٲĻαװ˵ĻﶼСЩǿܲܲԲȣҪʳƱҪӱй򡣻о˿ˡ
ǰ¸ǸĴׯͳеˣ͵͵ǵˡȷģԵõһЩǵãһ͵͵ģǹ󣬺ܶ±ǲġ
ɳķ˹ޱֻһʼû뵽ѣһ¾Ҷ˼·
ĻҪӶһ㣬ǿԣէҪ԰ڵģǿ˱Ҳø˸ˣǼпܻŮˣȾơһЩ˹Ҳעһ¡
˵֣̲סһ飺ǲǻһЩҵĺ·ϣΪʲôαװͺĶ飬١Сġ͸¶Լо޴󱦲أȻЩǿأ㣬ܱһ㡣
йγɹǿʧȥǣǸоһ㲻ԣ̰Ҳǽ塣Ҫģá
ɳķЩȣʵˢʶô뵽ģ
ȴֵЩǺǳԵĵôԵʱһЩնǸץץǿ񲻺ץ̰Ұһ
ҲǣⲻǳõôɳķӴԵʱҲЩأôͿ벻
ɳķӼֱһ˼̵ӢηǶıĽȻûеӿף
˹һ㲻⣬Щ˯ǰ¡
֪ܶĴԣֻƽղʹЩıѶϣҲƽϣ޴
˶Բ֮ɳķӾʹ˽ȥˡ
󲢲£ҩƷҪҵطһ
Ͳ֣˹ȻҲͣÿվǴׯ顣һݷӸرе˹ӣȻҪһݷͳȥʹ
βر࣬˹ЭƳǵİ칫ޡзũҷʵȵ顣
˹ȥɳķôʡ
˹Ӷѳɽļ̧ͷǵûģɳķãҲûʸΪ̳ˡ
һ˵ţóһ彻
Ƴǵ𣿡
ǰֲĶӶˣܶˡ̡ơ͡ƤСܳԣ˵ܻӭ˵ǶָǶƤָǶƤ̾Ƕ
괺죬ҪƳǸΪ󶹣ܶ˲⡣ǳڶӵΣ󲿷˼Ҷˡ
󶹷գΪǸֶܵӵ˵Ƴǽǳƶ죬ûƶƷ֮⻹ˮݻƶѿԶѿˡ
ֻн͡󽴡֮ûн̣ΪˣҲû㹻Ρ
ʱʮΪݲƷȴǱƷȱΣͻûǿԲҪβûС
̩εĵطһǹƿصһ޴οͨɡķõȻᾧΡƷõļ۸ߣƷʵͻϺܶʵļ۸
̩͡󲿷˼ҵ
һǸۿڣ˺ˮƻ󣬵ǻҪΪ̩ȱΡ
ΰʵƷʼ͵ˮܽη֣ٹˣ̫ɹȻҲܵõƷʼõΡҲһɹγغ̩յĸ£ɹĺΡȻ̩ˮ࣬Ϊʲôܳɹأ
ɹˣ̩ܴΣûжͶεļ۸ήƽҲܳԵ𴿾İΡεĳɱ½͵ĳɱҲ½Ժ㲻ÿ˼һƿء
İɹδҪ֮һ
Ƴණ˰ս֮յ˰ˡ˹Ц˵
Ƴһֲһֲ󶹣Ǵաѡָĸ߲˷յϲãյ˰ֱӵͣζҲ󶹣ֱƳǵ˶ܸм
ûƳǣҲǵ
ҲܸˣƳĴ󶹸պòԼߣƸĽ͡ͷԽһ˵Ĺ⣬Ѿڿǹ˽ͳȥɢװɴŪһרӣ
һ룬ɳķӺһֳרƷרר
Լ֣Ƴǻ͹
뵽Լ󷽣۾䣬Ц𣺡׼ɳķӴȥƳǣǱҲһӣûô࣬ܵǺüֲֹࡣͬĹһһֲʱ䲻ӣô𺳣һ·һµķ羰ҲȤ
һܸˡ˹˵ҲЦ⡣
ȥһӣӲǳôȻССһ磬ҴƳǻÿ˼С磬ϸչˣ
ҲܳԵԼֵӣˡ˳ԲҲơǲԣȥҲǶ롣δ·ݣǷɻѩĳλð
˹ҲǸɫȴŶһ·ܹĶһصĻ꣬Ȼ
һأֲźܶӣ硣ȥ껨Ͻӣӣȥƣռˡûĸô㣬ѿҲڰٷ֮߰ʮ֮ɳúܺãӦߵĻʺܵ͡
һʼ׼ЩģڳɹҲܸˡʵ磬ֲʸߣҼһԺܳԵĹˡ
˵ԺӣһΪǵһ־ء
˹ճǣǱɳķӰԼαװ˸ʹŶеһԱǿš
˽ؽЧĺãȻƽǿǸ۲Ǹ߶Ľ𡣲գ½½м͵͵ɳķѾ֪˴µĻΧһ͡񡯵ĶҲͰŵ·ϡ
֮ĳʹʹߡȸˡͺƵŮ͸¶ԼһֵǣĳĳŮʵĳǿˣõϢҹʹԼˡȻʹ֮ȫϵġΪŸš
⡯Ѿڳɢ㣬ֻ̰Ĳˡ
ɳķûΣ»Ǻܽϸ黹ǸԭֻǶ˼˶ѡɳķҲûд̴˵Լɳķӣڵһˣǡúʹʶͬȥ˳һ·
ʹߣ֪Ķ汾
Ϊȡűˣɳķһδ˲࣬һЩŮˣв
һʼĴתȦͬ
ֱܽŹ۲գ
ɳķӰһ̰ƺɫˣֱǱɫݣ͵ײһţ߻һر޵С椺ͼͬŮ˭Ҳûл
ǵ˵գۿȺҪĵؽ磬ǿ̲סˣΧӡ
ɳķ۾һУҪһֻ·һƣһȣ鵶
лҪ˵ǿһֲõԤС


91 91 

鵶
Ŷ, ⲻɳķӺ, §ŵǸС椺ġ
С椷ַӰȹһ˺, ڴһѵһ, ȥĺŮҲַӳһѵ, ӭС
һĬĬǵӡ
˦һߵɳķ̲סеۡͻȻԼ, ôӣû
ɳȹɲ֪δɷʲôһһӡȳ, Լ̳˱׼ɳ, ɲߵġŮҲͬһĺ, һ棬ǿɱһȱڡ
ͷɳķӺҲˡɳȹߵļ·, ɳķǴ󿪴ϵ·ߣЧܺáǴ, ЧҪá
ǿɱÿ޵, ʹǾ˭Ī߹
ɳķӴЦһҶϵãȴҵĴ񣿡
ɳȹմѪĵ˺ѵȹһĨɳȣδ̩һϣҡ
ǿǶɵˣʲʲôûɣǶҪˣδĹ͵һôײеǲú׼߷ɱǣ
شǿǽڽڰ, ײδ򸾵Ķ֡˵ˣֻ¼ҪͷĿȫȾѪ
ʹ˻عʱѾȫʤ
ʹߣ˾һ±ơǺɳķһЦȾƲֵܵĺӣ͵Ϸɳȹ͹һƵĺӡ߸̲סԼĲӣԼֻһƣһ
ɳķӿԼȾѪ쳣δӣҪ˵ЩʲôͿԼһŮߣ
ʲô֡
Ů־һնŮüһȣҽмȡ
ɳȹЦȰ׷ȥҺõɡ
һЦøɵһлл¡
ɳķӣ
һҹȼ𣬿⣬ɳķƤƵˮںȾƣɳȹڳıϣڲĵ
ơɳķӸһˮҡ
ɳȹһֽ̧סͷһڣϾһЦƺúȣʲôƣ
ǶõģһֽŴסĹġҪϲȥҪһЩ
ɳȹֺһڣаơ
ɳȹôأôӼǰʼ˵
ɳķΪ˲˻ɣֻܴٵʹŶ飬벻ģ뵽ɳȹŮսʿȥ輸αװŮмŮ֡
˭֪֪ºɳȹҲҪ롣
ȻǴĺҲҵһݣôܲҲ룿ɳȳҳ֡
ɳķһʼȻͬ⣬ȻǾͱȻһɳķûӮɳȹû䡪ί˵֪ͳɡ
һŵԵɳķֻܱشӦˡ
ǣɳȹͳˡ˵ˡˡ
ɳȳΪҲǷŵ档ϷǶʱ䣬衢衢ơιѡȫһ޵輧Υ͸С
Щǿʹŵ֪ʱر𾪡
Է޼ֱϷѧԺҵŵ¶һĲȻȺϽǿҲ﷭˴
ɳķӺɳȹŰķ²֮ǰߵĺһ·ڿ˵Ĵӵµ
⣬̩Ҫֺļ̳ˣڼ֮ץסǿغͬʱ
ĵˡ
ɳȹҲ⣬ӵôǿΣյҲԸɳķͬͬԺĸļ̳Ҳ̫
ֻ̩һεңԼǸǿˣһԼս£ڣ̩ҲҲϣɳķҲһܳŵ̩Ůˣɳȹ֤Լ
ЩҽӴǿ
һŲӺ֫ǿͱ
ʱΧкܶˣ˸ʹߺʹǣһЩ׹ݡԱ߾վ󣬼ҲڣɳķӵĻҪٵĴ͸
ɯվڵһߣЩǿͫһ·Ŵ
Ȼǡ
ɯǵõһɱıͽɱ˽޶⼸Щ˵졣ǵЩ˻ӦǿˡɯЩӡƺϳһڰߡͼҹǿôҲ࣬ϳߵĲ٣˼ǣûҡ
ûпȥңȺ˵ǰķʽ
ǣۣΪӦĽ
ȻѾʹǾͲɱˣһȣ䣬ͷ­أѪߡѪڿŮˣﶼֻп⡣
ָ߬䡣վý䵲ţʵû˻ῴĶһɿ֣ǵ΢Цûκα仯
˹ȴ֪󲢲ϲֱĸоȥסָ
û¶һ㲻ף̩ӣ͵һڽżӡ
˻ҪҰȨ̵ܵǿ˱аȫҲõľս
Ⱥ̩ôѺõĹҵʹߣ﷢ؿվǿʬ׼
ɳķӵ֪ģõʱ͸̩Ϲսû뵽ȢţҲַַӰεǿŮˡĳ棬üëûһ£Ůˣס
ѹȵĳûͭߺʲҲǴĹȴܳΪ̩̳˵̩һǿĸ
̩ôļ̳ˣһӣڵļҲˣֲı/ҲƽϢˣͻǿٻԻ͸ʮ꣬á
̩֮Ҳøϸˡ
ʹ˼ѾҪôԼҵЩˡ
ǿһ֮ɳķӵĻҲͿʼˡ
ʵ̺˹ܵܵĻֻ࣬˵ȼߣף˸࣬Լʳӷʢ
ɳķӺɳȹվһսϣͬϵе˿ɳȹųȹ浾ӣ벻ֵɳķӷ֣վһǢȻʮְ䡣
˶ڻףӵĴ顣ҵʱ˵ǰ
ʻϣǾջҵĻ̫ࡣ
ȺŮǶ𾢣ЦЦһ߳䡣ֻϣڵϣ̳һ̺
˵ܻӭɳķӽˣŮȫޱ֮ɫЦò֪࿪ġ
ʵں棬˹ɳķӽ飬Ů񶼺ܸ˰
ţǼӦöյ˰ɡ˹˵
˵Ǻϲɳķôʡ
˹ϸ룬Ůȷϲɳķӣͷϲ
Ǿˡ󿿽˹һЩСʣ˽ˣΪʲôһôˣ
֪
ΪǼǸӵĸҵˣͲûϲˣһ˽ĸо
һһԼȥİ
˹ɻһߵ߼ϵСʣɳķ飬ΪʲôҪˣõǲô
ϲ˽ˣӲԼӦѹ𣿡
Ŷ˹һˣԭˣŮȷϲɳķӣҲû׼չʲô
ϲǳžϲɳķӵݡʹ֮ģл˯һ˯ǽ϶ѡ
˹˵ܻһѹõǸˡ
˵ˣǶɳķӵϲԲֵǮ
һ̵ܽı飬˹е㵣̩˵ϲô۵ģֿټһ䣺
ҶԵµϲ̩ϵһǧ鶼Լ֤ϲϱˣ˻ҵģҽ԰׵ʯǰֻһƽ΢ˣһϲϲһܾҳҹߡ£Һǲһ
غˡ
̩˶ô£ܳˣһ黰㡣˹һһģһ죬ܰһͷһ
ϹŶʾֱܲ׵ζ黰ָֻܸԷ
㡣
һ·ҡųǴչж˵ĻǷҸ
ó׼õ˼ӣȻģġɺ壬ȥգǲѿģһִףζʽ
õףɳķӿʼȫɷСˣһްֱԤչޡСúɫīдˡʥԼ֡
ųÿһžܵõ˵һߺüף
ЩĻƮ˿գһ죬еļġ
лҪ˵ɳķӣҿϷѧԺŵ
ɳȹɣҲǣʦ㡣
Ů~ó~


92 92 

˳ҹĿ, һѧ, һȺǿʼ˳, ̽󣬼ܳصԼıԺ
ȻҪ, ǲ, ֻǰ˳
һóˮԡ˯¡ȻԤķ, Լôھôڡ
Ҳÿʼ׼ȥƳǵ¡
ƳڿϱߣԶ, Ǽ̹ȥ, ȥҪһ, һ£¡׼붬ǰ, ʱ򡣵Ѿǰ֪ͨʰԹȥӦеطס
˹һɱӺ, ǱߵĹԱҺŪ
ҪƳȾסʮ, صʲôԣͽˡȻ˹һֱа˽ƳǵĴС£Щ»ǵۿһ֪
ǣҲĴ󷽣ϣ˹ֻǸˡܹܲ, ÿԼ
Ǳ֯ϸֲȿ
ΨһȽϾĵǴȥ
ȻǾԽԽãҲ֪Լİȫǣ˵ġʿһڷ֯һھ糡мҪõģܸųŵĴǰʮˣʮˡ
ȻҪȫŮһȥ˾ĳʮˡ
˹ҪһЩʮ
Ǿÿˣǹʹٲ̫ģʮ˵ĸܱ϶ҩһŮ
ʮˣҺýضˣ·ǻʲôԵġԷһǶһЩʳš̲ס˹˵
ʮһ£һ찴һһʳ㣬
ʮʮǧ
ôܣֻűĸֵǮĶȥׯȡԼŬԵӲ͡ǰǰĵӣŽӶδܻʳڻ΢һЩлỻһЩʳ
һЩΡǺҩЩ㣬Ҳ׻
Լķֺ죬ÿ궼кܶࡣ
ǴɳķõģһۣǱεĹ
ΪĻǹ˲ٽͣһ̳ƾơô»ɳķܵñʾʾһβʲô
˵»ﵰ￪ƥСԣɫģһëѩףһĸѩס仹СԣһƷ֪ͱصĲһȳëйر
յ˶ϲ˵ЩƻͺܲѾΪǳаƻͺܲˡ
˲
ɳķ»գͻڿʵʳȤľ糡ﲻ԰ΡΪɳķӴ飬⼸춼氮ݳ
뿪˿ǰҹжûоһЩûҪ֪ˡ
ǵĶﻹʱһˣ˾кһЩӡ
ҪߣɴĶ顣ҲϲðûԾԾ˾ͬ󡣲ԼĶ飬ֻǺϲһߣʵϻǸԸԵ顣
ͷգΪдׯһֱǻȡׯʳʳã䣬ҪȡʳͱȽˡԵĶҲ̫ࡣһֻĶǣӦսʧܵģǳһ⡣ƤѾһַĩͿĨˣǱصëƤķ
ûг⣬ⶫڵúܡԵ⣬żһŵǻ׺һЩɶ
ӣҧԸԣԶ߲ҲУЩײˡĲ˺ͰܲޣȹӦˡ
˵ʮգͻȻѩһҹظһ㱡ѩҲһ㡣
һЩ˿ʼ֦ȥϺͳϵѩһЩ͡
ʳ˳ﰲߵۣ˸Ƿ
ּӳģһ氲ߡ˯Ǳذ汾˯һǸˮţƤţƤϷһʵë̺һ鱻һȦޱ˯ʱȥϱѹⲻůͣ˯滹һ㱡һޱ
ͷе䣬˸£Ͻ˺¡
ЬӴӳæµŮ׷񣺡ռ䰲
ռ䰲ҲǴк
ãѩԭֻһȺˣԵЩǶ㣬ǵȺһȺǶмܵҰޣǶˣǳ͡
ҹûʲôоԭѩ𣿻᲻Ӱ쵽ǵг̣ĵ˹
ڻᣬٴһ㣬͵һׯޣֱѩֹͣ²صģһ·ׯѩҲر󡣡
˾ɶһЦȥãиаСׯǽȥޡһѩر󣬵ڶտ̡˾йźƤëƤëϻСѩһ
˾ǶѧɫжĿγ̣ô˵΢ô˵أȻһȺ˲٣ڷѩж·ϣҲһΣԡдׯԽޣòġ
Թһٲʢ㹻ů֮󣬳ӼһգѩҲһգڼ䳵ӻһµľ壬
׶˻һЩĳϵľһЩë
ڿסˣĸпԭڻǰԭʼᰡܶطԭʼģ㳣ߵ·ҲҪϸϲҳ
ϸһ룬һҰϷܵ·һӡ
һֱڵʱǲŵǸĴׯ
ֱ˴ļ˾
׾ҵǴΨһİʯͷǸоһȦһȦʷԭʼģ⣬
˾ǸʮˣѾеˡ˶סֲΪĴȽһ굽ͷҲûмģⷽ벢ࡣ
˾ϻ̳ϿֵؽӴǣҪɱдǡ
ˡ鷳ûȻű˵ϰߣסһ뿪
˸⻧˼κǣֻһ㣬Ϊһ˵л
˾иСȵСѾͷӣźĳ࣬һ͵ײײܹ˾⺢Ѿžһ±סСȡ
硣¶
˾ŵöҪڵϣȴֻЦ⺢ϸͷһǡ
СŮǣЦøˡ
ǸСׯҲ󣬿Ҳ࣬Ҳʮ˼һ
ⷿʰһ£˹˯ڴϣʮڵϯӺë̺˯ҿһգ˯ˣף˯š
۾컨塣ûйȾҹرڣֲָԳ©ļ¹⣬κζ
һִֻԱסĶ䣬˹
ᵽϵ
ǱһЩ롣ȻѾ׳ɹһˣճʵû̫仯Ǹôˣһ˾һӣˣ̸øµͷһ̼
Ҳȥ˫˹ָָ°Ϲһ£һ磬е̡
˹Ҳû˯ţһ³ˡ̲סץסֻȥ֣Сˣ»˯𣿡
˵úС˷ǹȥ
һ־͹λãᵽĿ˿ϵ˹þܿԼȥ£Ҫڽţ촽һ
˯ţأ
š
˹Ҳ˯ţԭһһ̫һǼ
һ˹Ķ䣬һġ
һʣ˹˯𣿡
ûС˹˵
Ҹ㽲һ°ɡΪ˯Ժĵʼ£һС˯šĹ¡ڼ˹һֱĶ䡣
ΪԼһֱ˯ţǽŽţԽԽᣬȻ˯ˡ
ȷѾ˯ź˹ɸŶ䣬ֻСĴչȥ׶ͷ
˹һϵĶ䣬ڶȻֱ۾ͽӲʹˡ
ڶѩѾͣˣѩһϣһ㡣ǰϵĻѩɨιݣһٴγ
ΪŹһ뿪һֺܵ͵ׯܶ˶֪
֣ʲôˣ˾ŮʡһֱǼ˾Ǵдǣʵ֪˭ֻ֪Ǵһ仰Ծͻ֡
Ǵӿӵ¡
˾˵
ʲô˶һǼȥͽ궼ףǴգ֪ӵ´ġ
֣ӵ٣ôɱ˼ͼأ˾Ķ̲ס˵һֻһֻӵµŵҫʲôǡ
˾ЦЦûֶӣǵ¾ܾˣǵҲϣ̫֣µؽӴǡֻסһҪһ޵κһһǡ
ǼңȻдӵ𣿡Ůڻò˼飬ΧԼף֣ӵ¾Ǵò𣿡
ӵʮΰӣϵӥһ˾ŮƯִţԼõĴʻ
Ǽ˾ӶԼŮЦ˵ûĻҪòܶܶࡣ
˾Ůһ˫סӵ˯ĸ䣿ԺǾҵķˡ
˾ҡҡͷŮ޿κΣӵõĶԼĶĻʲô治֪Ůڼʲô
лҪ˵ƣ˯š
Сͬ
PSԤġα¸پҵûȤѼƪһ¾ͿʼŶ~Ҫһ׼

93 93 

ҹü˶û˯, ˹Ծûʲô, ﲹߡ
ҡҡλ, ûкܺõļ豸˯ţ
Ǿȥһõޱ, 档˯Ǹǳε, ĸӡʾ˹, ֵ䡣
˹
£Ҳֻе顣
һ, а, óһʯİĦС, ˵Ҫֱۡ
˹ֵôߵһ£Ͳˡ
Ȼһ, 촽һȻһ뱻촽, һ˫ֽ
, Ѿˡ˹˵ָϸƤָһ촽һ£δܾ
֮
£𣿡ޱ, ˹΢ıǼ⣬һַֻ͵ĺĹҵ˵λѾȻȴˡ
֮ǰǸʱӮĻ棬˹ǲķˮϸûС
̧ͷѹϵ˹֫һõͷٴɢҵڱϡ˹ǲɫ۾˿̾ڻɿһֻһֻᣬŴáݣβ׵ǻۡ
ô죬Ķͷȴð˺
Ȼȫ󲻵Լ˹ԸĨĻ棬ֻԼϴɾëŵԸĨĻ档
ϸǵճףһֱǱչ˵һĵҲˣ˽ȴһֱ˹ģ˹ǰǿƲ
˹̫ûзˣĬĬ˼
˹Լ۾ʪģ촽ģҪ۸ҷʡһ£ǲûп
סŵˣôòһ£ȷʵһʧء
뵽ֶҪĻ棬˹һЩ£°ܡ
ҾҡƵ˵ﲹһ䣺ҳ㡣
˹
ԣ϶ҪԵģôԷ
ô᣿˹޺΢Ц˵Ҿ˺µġ
ǣ⻰һŶǲŵġ
ץס˹˫ֱһת˹£ϣҪ˺أ
˹ЦͻȻе
˹ҪأָḧĸԸҳ𣿡
˹ᣬ͵ЦԣʱԣôԶС
۾һ£֪ǲΪòףûԼôԡ˹ˣԺ˵ɡ
ڲ£˹һֻ쵽ĲţһֻӸϣ£Щˣһô˯ߣ
ͳһף˹һʾ̲סҪһο˹û˯ҲΪ
ã˯ɡ
С˯ҲǼûšҹҲû˯ã˹Ѿ˯ˣһһΣҲ˯ˡ
֮󷴶˹ѹ˯ʱѾǳԷʱ䣬һͣ£ռ˲
˹С˱ӣȻϺף˳ᡣ߳ԶͿЦЦ˯ˣ
пʶʲôҪץס˹İѱȴǲܵġ
˹λҪһͬˣûʲô⡣ҪһͬΨһİˣȴЩս׹Ŀǰ˵˹û
뷨Ҳ˵ĵزʱǲܹ¶ѣ˹Ҳϡ
̫֣ҹû˯á˹һ仰סе⣬Ϊ˾ȴûչ˺ӵ£ӵΪҵǣʧ𡣡
пһ۳ᣬֵһЩ³ˣֻ²ֻʧ𡣡
˹ش𣬷ʺУ㲻ţôΪʲô
ȻΪӵ¡дһֱȭټ˾Ҫڵ߷̡
˹ȴŵģһԭΪ϶Ҫԭ
һ˹ı֪ţһЦΪʲô
Ҳ֪ǿԷȥʡ
һ˹쵰óЦһĸȢĮ֮Ů˵ױãǳģǺеıȴҪȢһĸҹ档
Į֮ŮĮֻһŮʮһϲɫ߷̵Ķòӣ˵˾Ǿƣҿһһ޾ơ˵Ů˲ټҲûôĿŵģǮѰҲܲ𰡡
ĸȢ裿
г̾һĮ˵Ҫһο󡣡ΪһοҪӣѹͬΪȴ˹ĸѹһͷһӡ
ӵأøոһ׺Ūҡתͷ˹ƻ黹С£˹ҪǺʲô̫һ𣬲ֻ̫Ŵһ
˹ֻ΢ЦϿκζ
п˿ᣬֿ˹ǷˡӵºεôܣˣΪ˹ѾչʵʵĹϵ
кԼѵƷĺ˵ľ

µĹ۲ӵ¾̰ͼɫ쳾ŮˣòŮ˶ֻдͣûǸ߸߸ϵƣôڵϣֻ˹ġ
ӵˣ˹գ޿ֽ
ʱоˣ˹ռ̫ǶӵΪ֪ĵѣϸսѣĵʦ
ӵô㣬㣡
Ķŭ˹ˣˣҹû˯áȷ룬ûеʱ䡣˹ĵˣΪõĽ֣㹻
нŽɣʶ˹ôã־ԲѾĳޡûйߵ뷨ֱ˵˵ǡ
˹ִŵһУΪ˸Ĵۡ
һҪģǼ̳˵λáΪλãʮ˹ѡʮܱ߸ûз̵ŮҲû곤ߡ۵СóóȻ˵硣ûȴҡ
ܶ˶Ϊ˹һȥ׶༪١˹ˣ̴һ١ٳɳֱѹ˴֮ǰеӣ߾ϳΪ˼̳ˡ֮꣬ǳΪ˾һˣ֮һ֮ס
ʣ֪𣿡֪Ұ
Ȼ˹ȴ˵вУһ
Խӿ϶˹ͼ֪ǷѾ֪ʲô̬ȡͬģôûʲô˵ģֻСĸɨβӻ¶ģʵڲĿߡ
£˹̧ͷԭѾ˶
һֻƿصӣȻɵӣɵףеֺģȴССıɫͷɢš
֣ϲͷӡѩ׵ƤֻŵΡ
еһοƺ˯ѣеԺӣ̲סе죺ÿֺ
ʲôֵؿɵվļ˾ڳӱϣҲ˵˽ⴵأ
˹Ŷ󿴵ĺУ΢΢һЦĺеδޡ
ҲҪ𣿻ûϲ㡣ϲС
˹ЦءҧгݣϻЦţҵĸţҳߡ֪ȥ˹ҪôܻиɴԼˡ
֮ӣͼ˾ҲҪƻ鰡߻ȻǴӹ񶼲ϾġѹֺдúúõҪһߣ󿴺еͬ顣
ܲһֱɢģҪͼ˵ġȰ
֪ģллӵ¹ġһתڼǰɯҲʹ˹Ļ¡
лûн꣬˹ѷ̷塣£ͷˣΪһ¡
Լɢҵͷͷá
˹ߣ˹ոǾ仰ƺﲻԣ롣
̷塭塭
Ҳ塣
һ·Ӧˣ˹Ȼģ
лҪ˵У˹ġ
СҸ


94 94 

д, ó𣿡ֵؿźüͷȷӲ衣
пż׵Ӳ, , ΪܻϲеƷ
ֵ̫࣬Ҳ̫, ʮ, һˣԼʣҲͼޣһȷʵϲ, ȵ÷ǳϧΪرиС
ԼԲӣ֪˹ͼ, ȴȻӶ˹εĳ̶, Ҳûʲôá
˹, Ҳܻٵ˹ǰ;
ȻǰҲ˵ϲˣǾǸ˽˰, õȥ˵ҲӰǸȢӡǿ˹, һ, ңҶһ棿ֻɯܴ̾
Ŷԣ˹ͼӵ־㹻ɯ̴ˡ
ǰҲԣҲԣôôѣ

̩ı, 춼дѩҲ⡣
ԭƻһµƳǣΪѩͣͣƳǵʱѾ·ĥʮ졣ЯʳĴκҲС룬һȺ˶ֻҸطȱȾơ
˹˵˳ûҰޣҲû·ĵҲûйսȥ
ʹһȥٹӴС
𣿿ܿ
ƳǽһƽԭϣɽˮԴḻض࣬Ҳϱ𴦷ḻǸܸеĳС
˳پ͵ùԹԻؼҡΪԣٻִֻܼҪĶӹӡ
ЩģӲ󣬲£಻Υָ˹

˵СĹµƽӹ٣ȵΪٸʡھסڿԺҲһֱڿƳǱƳǣյġ
ϲˣϲġ
Ѿ˰׼ԾǲΥֶǡƳĳУܶһʼڿ￪ʼʵ鶼ѡӣ겻һˡ
ƳһƬѺõõֲӣ̩ǱЩؾںӵ࣬ɫģںܺõأԺֲܴӵġ
ȻԴ˼о˹ȥ鿴һ£˵ѾֵСء
ֲСҲŸոƹ㣬ܶѾֶСطȴֻǿʼֲڰǿƹ㣬ûʧܵĳɱƽǳǺͽۿ˳ɹŻȥԶСƹ㣬ʵϻ׻ҪһЩ
ƳǾȻôظΪСˡ
ĵһӦǸˡ³ȻûʲôǿҪֲСôƾʲôƳǵҪȱĵط˸أ
һӦǣǲżëǿƴֲСˣ
ȻֶСû⣬ǿƣ֪ǿƣԲԡ
£չʾĻһʮֺ̰ͼʵ̬
Ǳ߳ѾˣԶԶһȺ˴߳վڳſڳƺڵȴǡӦþǽӵ֪ͨٵˡ
ĳӿһЩǵȫòźƤëñӰͷһߴһߵǡ
վǰͷһСͷ֪ǲǾ˹˵Ǹ١
ӵ£ļ˾ˣǱص٣ҳ
סСͷһǾӭһֲ̫Ѫò˵ȷһķ΢һ͸ƮƮȻˡ
ȴֻʣô
ǣѾŮɨһ飬棬֤һֻٶ˵һ롯Ķ£ʹȥ
žҪȴ·ӣѩܣǰ·
ףɣбѩ˽š˳Ƴǵ
Сͷһ۾ͺˣ룬ͳһ⣬ʵһαҪͷݼһֱȥˡ
̾Ҳܸж˵ףɣзѩѹļ硣
ôΣˣҲڲȥڳڶһס
¯ݼ
ֳСͷˣСͷЩƵ꣬ĶӻֶӡûжǷɢģǾһĬĬ档
СͷȻһ仰ûж˵Ǹĺˢøжȡǲ֪ԷĿһٵݣǱְԱ
ʵϣоƳǵһȥµҪֱֵָºʵĹ㡣˵ĹײȻḯΪˡ̩֪ټεĵô᲻׼εķգ
ƹߵȨʱֹ˻ҪҪ
ܿƵȨɳ˵ϻԣ̩߲ȨȨͳϻ໥ǣͬΪһϵͳر͡
ֻǣƣ׷չڲĹ
ֻйͬ棬׳ɾ;Ȩ**
ȻƳҲٺ໥ǣƵ쵼ˣ
ǹĶǲͬĳЩطһҶһطʵϵȨߣǾγһ壬彫˵һܿߡ
󶼲һٵĺеҪȨСͷòŮֵȷܴǣһ˵ߣĶȨֻǲƳǡ
νƨɾԴϸλѾѧϰʵΡˡ
ȻûԼĳģҪ̩ͨ˹øãǵĸõرгʳйϣһЩǾƶ׼Գõײ˽ӴһЩϲĶ硪֡
ȨȨȣ̫ΣգĿǰ˵϶ȹɣлȥŸֹѧϰЩΪ˸õһ֣˵ĵλͽײҪͨũһ㡣
׵ʮֿ־н󲻹ʲôⶼ̬ȡ˴ĹŮһԿĴ˵еӣҾƣ˿ʮǢ
˵ЦһЦʣڳ⿴ӵأƳѾʼֲС𣿡
ԵúǸˣ͸ո˵ƳסһĴſ佱Ϳ϶
óֲģͿˡԥһ£С˵£ֶֻһ֡Ϊȥ꿪ʼֲļջıȴӶ࣬ԽһЩ˼Ҿ͸ˣǻЩ˻ûиġ
ŶҲûϵԺҵﶼˣȻҲѧϰġʮִȵ˵ûΪ񡮲ΡرƢذοףҲҪߴ
ǣǿѡԼϲʱ¡
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ԾӿȥͦúŪҲĺŪ米ȥ֧ʲƳǵһЩ£ƺ黹͸Ͻ˱档
ƳĸУЩҲǸ͡һҶܻߣǲ̫̰ģԼǲʹյֶȥءûУǾͲ֪ˡôѣûһҡ
һ˹Ūһˣյֶصġ
ΪƳǵİտԿٽ˵ɱһӡɱӺڵģֱɱӡ
Ūһ˺Щû˵أֱ۴صԭ˻ûصˡūʱ˹Ѿ˴صľ裬ʦȫǰնµĳӵǰǣں׺ʹֲ֮һ³嵽𾴡
˹һֿ˵ǺݺƳǵȨǡʵһ㣬ĳˣúóԷһڣúóԷ붼顣
һҾǱһԱǻǻ͵͵һôǾĿŵñء
ϸϸȥһʺһ飬˴ĴʻΪƶĶǶô˵;㷺ٽˡԺ󶹺֣˼ҲõĶˡ
ЩС
ͷĻͣһݻЩ⣬Բ̫ӲĶͷǳĿζһӥ춹Ľ߷ţʮζ
ʵؿһ·һֱѾͣ¡
˳ȻˣվһֲΧʯͷǱǰǱѾֻſڵһЩѩ
Ǹ⽨ĵطڣֻгʱʹüֵκʱǸռһصķι۵ļֵûС
롣ٹصͷǱѾ׼򿪴ţռõĵطӭˡ
ͷлл㣬ˡ
ûϵл룺Ӧõġ
Ҳͣ³׼ʰ
˭˹Ȼתһ࣬ſڵײײ߳ˣһʮСŮ§һűµкӣ·¶Ƥкܶʵ˿ڣѪģġ
ָŰѩĵطŮûϣż˼ȡ֮һ˵ڵϣûж
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ֻһ, Ϳľ, ֱ󲻳ʲôűĥ
£
ûü, Ϳ첽ǰǱ׷׷ֿ, óһֱѵŮ, ȵˣˣ
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ٸоƤֱƳһƽ, ż, ҲǼëƤС, û뵽һһģֱֵŸոս, ûṳ̈ǰһ뵽ĸӰ죬Ҫιȥ
ĵĻںͷ, ǸѪ, һŶʮͷļ˾˿һۣȥǰ·пˣֱץˣܲն
ٶúɸһо·ָ, սսƳô꣬Ĵδ顣
Ī˭ӴܵūһĺۼٺȻ뵽ʲô亹Ϊһᰮĥ׺ӵˣףʱУĺ󹬡
Ϊ⣬Ҳ̫ˣȻ˵ıǳģһأһ氮أֻūڣҲͱ˵һ˵˵Ĳпᣬûһ¡
һֱڲĿ׷󣬺ȥһҽ͡Ǽǿ׳һǰٵĵЦЦ˵ʲô˵𣿡
Уҡ֪˭
Ҫ⡭ȻĥԼū˭ӵˣ̩
ֲǲ֪ܺӱȣǲã˵һ˵ĵܵܣĵܵܣҲһƤ
ʱѪĺѾ͵Ů÷ŮչǡһƿЧֹѪҩԼҲȥ
Ůһᣬ˵кصˣЩǰ˵ǰ÷չϴ˿ںơ
ǰǸкӣ߰ӡ⺢ӡͱˣһһ˿طףŧܳһڣҲ漣
ֻʹ˹ȴϸӵĳƤ
£׷˱ץסˡ
˹ļְԼĶ󣺡ûˡ
촽ԷһЩ
˿̵൱ӣҲǨŭ˭ЩһֱڷȨ̫ҲпĺڰֻڰȻǰͲܲܡ
ɯʱһĲѾ̩ӡ
ҩˡ˹ȥҩŮͳȥˣҪһˣƳǵĵһͳôһݴ
Ҳúûؾһݴġ
ס˿ǿ׳ȻǴֵӣǰȫûǿ׳ǣûпס࣬һʼ֣һǳƺΪӵ¡Ǿһưˡ
ѽôˣǰЦ
Щѩ˿۵ٿһһ١ʶԼ˿ߵˡ
Щʲôˣ
٣ıûбҲûбᣬٻǸһ־޴ѹͲˮ
һ齻
һ˵ĵܵܣᰮĥЩ׵ĺӡūЩƯ׵ĺӣݺĥǡ
Ϊ˼Լ֪鲻Ҳǰ˸ɸɾ
֣֮ҲǲĻشСкһոձūСŮ֮ǰģѾڰˣû뵽һСĻǱ˳Ǿץǵġ
˶Ǹ˱ɣҲúԥ
ȻһɱԼūҲû˵²ԡʲôˣӣ̩ĶȨʱķһ²㣬ԼϲˣԷֶ޷Լġ
οƳǣƳǡ˵һǸ˾˵һǸ˾
ǣ󲢲׼ʹֳѷɵȨ֮ǷɣΪԼʥԣֶܼѣȴס
Ӧ˫нһŷһȨߡ
ҪΣҲһɣǿԼĺö
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Ŷûнȥֱվĵ·ϵšѾȫԿҪµľġ˸иܿͰЩֵ˹
˺ȵģ۾˵ŲĵĻ
ûжԵȥˡм˾һӣˮӡҪѯһЩ飬жֱõԷˡ
оһſݲݶסԷ죬һˮǺȫˡ
һӶ˹һԼۣ¡
ȫѵѾʶ˲ãڵϣ˫ַ
϶ˮһͷӶڽ
ˡˣҴδ°ΨһʶȡȻٺӶɵľһ
˲˵ֻǿˣֿ١
죡˰ټˣӵҪ㻰ء
ӵ£˿ϵɫͷɫ۾ӵ£
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ˡ˵Ҳûãֻš
ոǾӣǴܳġӰƺ̫áԣ𣿡
ϵ˲ԣֻǱܾеΣգСشءص»ǡҵūһǮġ
֪ūŰɱԼūǾúܱԩұ
۾һΪϷҾûа취
Ҫ𣿡۾֪ͻɣֻʧȥ㣬ܸ֪ɣ
ϵ˲ԡ
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վһһߵǸǰӸ¿һ˫֣ҪԼ˫ԣҪǡҪں͸飬һ񡣡
˵Ѿˣ޷ֹȥ
˫ҪôأҲһҪе
ū߷ūûйϵˡ
˰
ȥ
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ĥԼūȻû
δʹȨΪ׼Χڡ˵£û˺Լǲˡ
Ϊʲô޷ϾǣִҲǣνֱ䣬νݣνΪԼְ̬**뷽跨ٵ۵ĺǡģ
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ǣ¡ǰ˹ȫȫְܼҵķ
ΪƳǵĳҿƶΥ̩ɵĹ涨ʣ΢΢Цݡ
ƳǵĳֻҪΥɣƶκι򡣡
ŵЩˣģģ߹𣺡ǡ̫ˡ
ƳǻһµʮϵˣʮϵŮˣʮµĺӷϵǸʲôݣǲˣǷԸ±ǿз֮ΪߣһɣемȣŮӣ̡ܹ
˶һ㶣˹
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һڳҲȷ̫, ѵܰҸŮ˽ԼҲˣĵϧرƳǵĵһ, ǵԸ飬ʱ͸ֱӽºˮûЩˡ
Ǿʢŭ֮, ѡ˲ʹֱӵı, ֻƶһƿĹƳµɷ, ǸӰ
Ҳ˾˰׺˹˷Ҳӣʾˡ
ֶ˵ӵµķŭɵġ˸ǿִŮ߽ϱ, ʥģҲӦø뱣ġ
˶׺кŮ֣Ϊ, ҲΪǺϷķޣΪеĽڡôΪʲôѵǶ͵ףķ𣿡
ʱ棬ɱˣֻҪԷūǾûϵΪĶūҲǷǣԴūһ㲻ܶ/
ѵԵһǦŮԵĴ͸˲ΪѰСкСŮֻΪ˷й/ʹ͸˵ǦʼӼҪ˵ΪǶ/֮£Ҳûë
ΪɱūͽĳˣǲġΪ齵ĳˣ
ͺˡ
ӷľٶҲ˽͡ӵ飬ѾҪ
ڳλͬͬ϶ǡһϯʤʮ顯Ĵ󳹴
ȫûﲻô㶿٩٩̸˹Լеողһ㲻е񶾡˶֪صǦʺͼǶôµĳͷ
˹̷жΪĴҲҪǵıӡ
̷̩вϿᣬҪӣ͵һϵŻġһĳûбӣ֪һˡ
һ˰˸ӵۺͺ֢ԺҪָָ㣬һһڽ׼ײ㣬ǼΪµ̷
Ϊһһµɷ˵رʡ
ͬõˣ˵̫ܵҲơڳûһǸһߵһϲͺСĺӣȻʮѾСˣֻΪĥˣɶȫûӰ졣ҲͲòԡ
ΪҲˮɵкĽڣ˵Ĵ͸ëûë
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żҲҾúŪˡ㿴Цһ㿴ǲµ桭ӣһ仰ܱƳǵķɣһŭ͸ı˵һ
ȷʵʱҲܿ¡
˹˽ȥ÷ѾŮ´ɨ˼䣬ͷҲɨˡ
ӻûѣ
õһͷտš̩ĹأΡ¡ӣūˡ
ϴϣѸոյ·롣ʵЩ嶯ˣиõķǵʱѾ̲ˡ
յ
Цһ̩ô꣬ҲȷʵߵùˣѾû֮ǰĽԡ
ܲϲͻֻΪ׺ͶȺܸߵˡìܵʱ᱾ܵغһɳеΣΪ˲ͻˣǴ˵еϺˡ
ǽһУ˵Ѿˡ
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𣿡˹߹ͷŶͷǶܵ벻ҪΪ˵ĹͷԼûôãҲûô⡣ǰĵطһǳãէһԽܡ
ǵҾܣҹ𣿡̧ͷ
ôᣬһֱǶԵġΪ̫ѰΪȻģȻǴģӦñͷοĳУ˵ĻеķȨ˹ӣܹһСëʪϣӡ
̲סչȥĶͷ۾
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֪ܺӶôˡأҲһȺܼҳƽкãô᲻ء
ͻȻܺһԱ̲סЦ
СŽҪ¡Ҫ鷳СʱļܣǲĴҪȵǸΪе軤ţûУԺȨҲûСһη壬ܲ¸ı䣬³ͻ
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ָо·ճԽı÷ȫ
ͻȻԼеֺ˸ʱһȽǺͷ꣬оȫ綼ͷ
ʱʼʼԼ¶˵͡һһ飬Ͽ۹ȥΧˣһһ̽̽ûмˣûѣûаȫУסȴѩء
ܵ˺;ܾпˡ
ֱס˹ڼ͵͵ģҪҵıڻˡ
˹С֣ر
ú˯һһٺõġ̤ʵصĸо˶˹
˷䣬Ű칫ҹܵһﻹƷ壬һЩΣĻ¯С
Ѿ˺ܾãӲڣֻһˣҲǸտʼ֣𾴼η塣ʶɱȨġȨû߲ãһֱ̬תʧ
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ǡֱ£Сϡ
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ЩٶԤϰĿǰܴ廹òǿɡ
ʵ·ϣ˹ѾЩ˵һ飬ٶһԣܲܺԼ߲鵽Ķϡһûʲô⣬ֻЦһ䣺˵ĵܵǿԼһֻϲţȡ˵ǿ׳ţҲǺϲ
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˼ǣܵϲ˭ҵĺţȥһֻһƴļУռˣô˵ҲϲǼţءһֻݻŵţܻȡ˼õķţϿûôõ
ǣ£ţȥ
ȥЦЦƳ˵㰡˵оУ˵оͲСֻط˵ĻȹµķɻҪ
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һվڵϣͷŵ棬˫ĳϣһȫ˳޺̬£Ҿ뷨ΪºˣţǵģҺҲǵġ
ָûŷָ֣ϻˮĽָһһʱţȴû˿˵
ϵĺʪ·Ǳڿˣ˵úֻܺǲ֪ԺΡƳǶʲôأͰʲôذ죬ã𣿡
ٶͷŵ棺ףף·ģһչش
ɣҲģҪشĲֻһ⡣
ֻһ⣿ĶƴԼʲôѱڶԷϡ
ٴӵ£úСģ˰ߵƨɡ
ִһհ׵İƷ壬ĵ˵˵˵Ǹ˵¡Ȼʼˣܵþƾһ֡
лҪ˵һƽ
ǸΣ뷨̵ضԴˣ˵Ĳ̾ͻˡ
ѧܾҪ͸кһֺ˸Сʹ

ȻǹڰΪʲôҲͬӷɵ⣬
ΪƳǰǣģǳеʵˣ˰աӡԱģûϵ̩ɵĻ޶Լϲķɡԣгĳей˼ɳȹҪڹ֮ΪŮݡ
ȻӺҵġѪԵϵΪǸʱԼģǵĵλʥԶǰϣԣѪԵ˵֮ӵǵˣˡһ֡ҵѪԵһ㣬ΪͬᡯɳΪܳΪһ
ǹ⣬йŴѪԵӸԼ檡ӺܴԳƻң̩ѪԵĸƶȣԹŮǷĸף˵һĺӣȻҲӹλȴߣҸǺ޵λԡ
ʵӳƺܿ㿴˹һĿڣ˹󶼵ơ¡ٵ˶ơ¡õĳƺǱȽĳƺ
ֵֹ趨ܶǲοūʱܶŹƶȣǸʱȤΪĸϵ廹вȨȨһձڷַƣؽһ𣬾ͻֺܶȤĻѧ仯
ôƵλûпܵȺأеģΪʱûʲôأСһʼᵽ̩Ϊջسɱ˲ֵܽãԺɳķҲܻٶСʹĵҲеҲǺСһ㣬һֱߵǹӮ·ߣҲ֡
СһԺվˣûϵģŪͺˡƵԸǣҽ㣬ȴңŪɹڻڶرûбߣҲŪģ֮󱬷ۿܾĥȥ
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úֲܴ, Ҳÿ, ˽û˿ڷ, ֢Ҳʹ
ö˶һ˹ΪĥԼūͱ˿϶, һʣײյӵµˡ
桭Щѵһ¾ͱˣӵ¿϶û, ǾͿ϶ʲô£ûб˷, ǵ»۽, ˡ
˹һ飬Ů, ˵ūķáӵ¸ôôˣҲΪǨŭļˡ
ȷʵ˶£˼ҲУǱ߸ɺеģ͸, ΪԼ˴Ӿ嶼һ£ʩ, ǲǾеԲСֵܡԭʼ趨ˣ
ô˼˵ʹѿֺҸʹ࣬
˵űڵϣһӵеģŵǨŭˣֹסˡ
Ҳûˣһֱߣ˵⼸еˣһڳͷȴ֪ڸģ䱾ӹʧȥԼСֵܣú÷ʡһԼĴ
˰죬һֱ˵ԼȰûЧ
ǴŭˣǲǲΪ飿˵еߵ˼ˡ
ɶֳɵģܲܺһ˼ޡΪ˷Ů˿ԴĺӺͼ󲿷ֲƲ
ЩغͲƲŮ˺ĺӿԹøáǲҪֺŰĸףҲغͬĸֵܷЩ
ӣŶֲĺӣԸ
ȥ
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˵ôˣȥʱǻ鶼ˡ
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е£Ϊʱ˷Ҳѣôٶȵ
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ǿǱߵˣк֮ǰӦǸ˼ҵĺӡ˹жϡ
ȻСŮһſڣǲ̩ĹٷԣСк֮ǰһֱڣȫö˵˹ö˵
ȫ̾˹СŮڽżСкҲ˵䡣
СŮͨƽĺӣԭҲܼ򵥣ˡкӾͲһ
⺢ӽ꣬ĳĵĶӣ˴һ˷Ȼһ·շת̩Ϊ಻ǰǸ¡
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´Σ´һϸһ㡣

µ塮ʱӦôĳ̶ȣʹùǲҲӦóΪһ֣
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˾ǲδ귢չӴ氮ҲУб氮͵б¿ơڳ/ˣûû˺ӳԶԼ˵ĳ֡
ĴȲƱ١
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СŮСк֮ǰʶΪͬһطģСкСŮ˼ĵܵܣ໤
ҲСŮ߻ģʱ䣬ǰ鿴Ǳ˰Ǹ
ڶ㵽ҲǹġΪҪܶ˲֪Ǿ͸֪СŮ֪ĵطǸһǧҲ
СŮ͵͵һͭΣ׼Ϊպĳӷá
ıǽܸõĽ⺢Ӳˡ
˰֮ģҪҪȥҪȥȥǲ룬ҲԼҲҸĸ
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˿ѾˣҲû°̺ۣ˿ڻûϣܲ˶˺
ϲӡǣЩӣ뵽˹ûҪͷԾȳɹĸɯûмʱϵδأ
СкСŮˣͺճֳ䡣϶СŮӲ˯š
˸ţ̣Ϻ˯
Ӻܿɰ治֪Щôµ֡
ºϲӣǵµĺӣһɰ˹Щ鸴ӵ˵
ԼԺûʲôоǺͨĶ̵̬ȣչһ㣬һСкƾ˹û̫ۣǣۣ绨ʱѧԱ
Ȼᰲοøַðȫ
˹չ˺ӵķû飬ֻһǡôϲӣԺ᲻ҪԼӣ
ʱżһҲᵢǸȢסΪ׽ǻȢһԽãҲһ뵽δΪ˺ӺĳŮһ˹Щܡ
˹õ˽ǵ磬Ϊʲô
Լ뷨ǴģΥ޷
ҵĺӣЩ֣˹ҲӣҲӣǵĺӣŶ˵𣿰һûðӡ˹Ҫô
롣˹úԥζֲϲӣĺᰮݼڣûкͱӵ˼ôǸӾԶҪ֡
ҲھӣŶʮͷô͵ˣ˸һʮɡӦǾͲҪˣ
ԺĵӣͺԼĺһô
ص˹ҹдţ͵ȥ
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˵ÿ걻ūô࣬бȨͥӾ̫࣬߶лʧĿԼ͡£Скܱϣȡˣ˹Ҳ֪Ҫôһϵеɺϡ
ǸСŮͨͨ˼άȷôСֲӴһСĺӳȥǺܶ˶С
⺢ӵͨŮе˷ˣ˱û⣬ǿΪδŮٱķ֯ͷҪԼˡ
һߣڴ
ƳΪֲеû뵽һټйȨĹԱᣬȴΪһ벻ĺӷϵһŴΪķɡ
Ȼ˵ǿᣬô˵㡣ǳڽżվڽ̵µĽǶ˼⣬ΪΪǴģ
ȻΪҪее¡һ룬Ůô࣬ΪʲôҪͺֹϵҲǻá
̩Ĵͳϲ㹻֬ǿԳ־ŮԺԣ󲿷˶ûֹáԶȺ壬ЩСڰãҲԸһҲǿʼ꣬һЩ֪µġ
ֳһ⣬ȡ֤⡣
ץסĵȻǵץ߽ûеץסºжǻԻࣿ
ʱ󲿷ֹңµձǣǰġ
˾ǻжǷ
ǰ˵˻ѡ
һֱȽԭʼĲѷӪһգ۲Ǹ˵ı飬Ǹ˵ϸѯһЩ⣬ŽǶظѯʣȥжǷ˵˻ѡ
Ĵڶʱһִ̼ǳó˵ѵˣĶ黹ǱܾηԲЧá˹˵һӣи˾˽ͨϣǰ˾ʼȦͳˡ
Դ˺ܸȤѧһЩѷյб۲죬ץסе©ȵȡ
ǰթƵʱ򣬾ҪЩթߣڼ᳢յȫ¼ڷЩǻԣƭȵȡ
Զڲѣĵá
ͱؼ˾һ£ȻִѧϰıܽĲѷؾ̸Է˾Ϊˡ
Ǽ˾Ϊˣ˹ҲΪԾѲֻжһǷЧԸһЩͶֵճжЧ
Ϊѵõǣһֿѧϰķһֻ˭ʹõͨ
һЩ˻ֻһ˿ʹõͨǳţ˹˵Աѧϰ֪ʶÿţͿһֲȥһ
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۲ȡ֤϶һЩ©󲻻Ϊ©ȡƳǷɡ
ҪĹ涨һҪ֮
Ͳĺӷϵ
лҪ˵ȻǼҾס~


98 98 

ͻȻһµķɳ, ˼ٲˣӦû˻ġƽ붮, ֻûлᡣǹȥþȫ, ﻹоȥѧϰɣ
, ûʲôô޶˶ȥѧɷʵ
󲿷Υ౾Եﶼ˳, ôÿշ±÷౾ԡ磬ʧȥĳ, Իĳա
Ǵκǻвٰɣʹʵİ÷
ǣ, ¡÷Щ˵ؿźг, оӵº񳤴أԺԥ, Ҳ鶨µĹأԽԽˡ
÷˵öᡣ
תͷ٣һЦٲ
ס
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յƳǣǺܰ
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Ӳ, ҪһʼӺദԼ
ȻܺǸһ͵һ˵δһģͲʲôµ, Իܲµһλ˾˵˼ͶλȴһĨڣȫⲻ˶Է뷨²Ķ
ָһͷеƮƮģ
ѳϵκ͵شϢĹ㳡ϣ֮ǰ˹ĵطѿƳɷʯᵽ㳡ϣʶֵˣ˽ɷоһֲ©ǼɷֱһΡһǣȥ˰գ˰ͷ˰Լ˰
߷ɻֲܴڣһҲǼʮֵ˵ɷҲ֣Ҳֿڵ˵飬ס
̩˰ﲻ߲ͣƶ˼˵أ˰Ҳ˰ͷ˰ۡȥ˰գܶˡ
Լкܶ˿ںص˼˵˰Ȼе⵽Ҳһʾ޴֧ҲԾԾԡ
ҪκǣҪ˰Ǿ͹һ԰ɡ
ǣ¡һûãϵֲ˲
ˡ
⻰һڣٵһȻͿȥ˵֪ͨвˣʮʱ䣬һֲ©ɷǵãǳױˣΪһᡮˡʮ飬ͻؼȥԼԼɡ
ٵļ΢ЦҺܿ㣬ʧŶס
һ㻬ڵϣǿǿܱ
ƳǵĶܼįֻй㳡Ǳֵġ
κǻǿֿסȥ˰գ˰գ̫ˡ
úñӣ㱳ˣҸϲСԡһԲĸ״ӣԹԣǼҰʮأмô˿ڣ˰һ⣬ʡʳ
Ӳ޳֣һֲ©ɡ
ҳѺŹŮ٣ϵͰģмףֱŹӸԼŮ۾ǳдĶ
˫£վڲԶ
֡
ЩȻѧֵĸ˼ӵܣһҲдһ֣ѼˡָЩùǿɲҺ˹꿪ʼʺīû
˹ɨȥͷһƬҶȻʯǴҵǸǼʶֵܱܿġ
ΧʯģֻϵڳдĸӣһЩʶֵƶӣҲںŬȥǹôȻԼҲĬֻЩΪλͣһ㶼˱Եλã
Ҳû˾ϣ¡
룬˵ûʲô飬ǹô࣬ɳȥһ˸һֵúø˵˵Щ̩ɡЩҪһȥλá
ţЩʶֵĿԽЩ͸һᣬΪ㹤ߡΪɣĺáĿƾٿˡ
ʵһʼҲûȫʶֵܱУŪϣߣʶɵļֵ񿴿Сˡ
ʵҲ⣬һǮ˺ƶԵ˿ڻ֪ƶһ֮š
һ뵽ġְҵѧԺͷҪҪҲһ¼ȡ
ʵֻƽͥҹĹԱҲˣϵﷹ룬˭ҵ
ÿ̹ɱɷʱʼ֯ƳڵѲʿ׼ֲеĿӣһȥɽһЩֲڿ
ƳǵĴûпǿҲǱֱģһSߣƳ
·֮ǰѾ޹ʯ̺ˣƽΪ׼ÿһСʯÿ׻һľ
ͬʱдһŸʾɷµĹԱӦʮϤɷжһǷʱ򣬻ʶƶʥķɡɷʥģʥ˺ǻ۵ĽᾧǾ־֡
ɣǹҵϣǾϣֹԱԼڷ֮Ǵش顣
ԣԱӦö̩ɷ˽⣬ǲǿչһ¡̩ɷѧϰγ̡
߸˰żĳȥˣ˹Կװס̲סԼͷ²һżĳȥж˿ʼùȻ˵Ϥǰ
ŹԣһҪǳдСдһľ岻ꡣ
ϾǾϣǾ־̩֡ɵĵط̩ǹ־֮ءֱֻ׼˹С˼
ӳԶԱ֪ɷҲһ¡
˵ţ˹ġԲԼɡ֪ʶҲù΢˽һ²С
˹дһţϸдҪһ֡۴࡯֪ʶڸңѧϰ֮ԷֱһǷ˵ѡȻдġ㳡ˡʾĿ˷ʽȫ̩һǷΪԱԼǷΡ
̩ӰԶżôһƽƽ糿뿪Ƴǡ
ȻһͿ󣬵ûдƳǵľ˼ٳżһΣҲǿеֲ͹㳡ϱɷ
֪ͨȥĵգһǺһΣһΪ˰Ǹǳһ飬ƳſڵǼ飬ײС֮ǰкú˽Ƴǵķɣڱ·վͶԼϸҪĽ
˽Ϊ֮˳㻹һְ
Ȼúõģòõġ
ʮһʼˣһʼһˡ
Ȼû뵽ÿһžӣ׿ʼԣʱСʱѡʮһ֡ѡʮһ֡ʮһ֡ʮ֡
Ȼʼִ⣬һ⣬һдһС⣺˵ԱеöԲԣʲôݣ㣬ôУʲôݡ
һžһٷ֣ĹԱɵˣô·ƣ㵹ǿҵı

Ȼǿ٣ʲô˵㡣ûа취һȺץͷƤһҧʸˣʱʱ͵͵̧ۿһȻһ۶Цеȥ
ʵʹ࣬ˣԾϵҲʶΪʲôӾһƬհף
Ŀ꣬ȡʮϳɼʮĿİҲܴʮһٶִ©Ҳһ֪ʮϵ߰ʮʣ»ʮˣϲǿհ׾дģһò
һòģʮϣݣõһһԲ𣬵ͬһĹʡʮµģƤȥûв𣬶Ժ¼ȡ
ԱȱҲصģαֲһΣȱľǻ㣬ôһαзֵĲʶֵģֱҹΪ㹫Աֵòǲʶ֣ҲܳΪ㹫ԱǵĹȫһͺһǹ̨һǵӡ
ʮʮϵģ˼Կ۳һ¹ʡǿ۵һ¹ʣΪƽֵ߷ֵʮϡ
ǣӽʮСͷȻܿһʮĸ߷֡
ٴ佱һ飬ָЩʮֶûпɢֲģزʬλʮվ̨ϱֿĹԱǺģٸǼۺ졣
̨±˵̵Ҳûһ㲻Ϊ˽ƶȡ
ʲ䣬ÿó˰һΪ𡣲˶УְɵúܺãҲûзԭԴ˲н
ߴԴﵽ¹ʡŵΪİٷ֮ʮҡ
ŽȨ١ش˾سǾˣڲԺҲʱʱ

ǶãⲻСĳϻô̫ˡ
⣬ƳǵĹƶȱȷԺ꿼һΣԾԳ˹пˡΪֹף˵ƳǹԱܲ֡£Ц˵һףвߣʮˣƤǸɾ
һ˵£ȴڴҲӵĿϡ
ôЦ˵˲ôЦƳǵĹԱǳеһ̣һ븣ֻű¡
ԴˣƳǵĹԱϴһ䡣
лҪ˵ٵķ
ַַ֣
ƣôڣҵ̫١


99 99 

˺, Ƴǿʼ޽޺ͷϷͳأ˲μڵ, ׬ȡһԵĹ, ƶ˿ͨЭֵһ΢ڵĹʡ
ΪЩ¶ڿй, һģԹ˳ûвۡ
֮ǰڱɷֺܺõļƶ˼ҵĺѾȫƽΪС, ǽһЩµߣһЩ͹ļɺͷƳǵÿһ䡣
, һھǲҪˮ, ϴ, ԼҪƴ˺ͺӣһʷ, һδоǹ޻£ȥǱ߻޻ӵȵȡЩҪЩεСȥȡ
Ƚֵһǣһ¼ȡʮʮ߸Ůԡ
ȻûйŮСӣҲû˵ŮԲС㿴˾ͷôһЩҲôô༸㹤Ĺ, ʲô
ԼǻˣõĹʺһߵġΪ£˵Լﻹ˼, ͷְҵŮǺصģ׬Ǯǰɡ
Щж֧˰ա
ֱ˰гģ޲̰ȫɾһ㲻Լʲ
һҲǻԼϣԱĹʸϣƳǲֻʩϡûǼªĳһޡ
ٱŹǺһϵвֿˣĿӣһûб裬ܹסԼ˽ǳ˲
ദõʱ򣬿Ǳˡ
˼ȷߣѾȥ̽Ǹ̬ȡԷҪӻԼĺӣǻصˮ·ӡߣǾ
°ɣֲȱһڷԣֻֻƽݡ
ӵȥȽϹĵǣзӵǻ۵˫ۣһ۱
ӵǻ۵˫ۣ壬ʲôǻ۵˫ۣ
˹һ֧ΪԺһ׼Цָ˵ġԻԡķɡҺ˵дŵ
ˣ²˹ȫȨôûҪ˵һġѾĬдļɶдø˹ˡ
óģȻӦþͬ⡣
µżﻹǿصҪԱѧϰ̩ɣպ󿼺˵顣
˹˿⣬±ͳԺѹţҪ鷳ܾˡ
ΪһεĴûʲôȨԴϵͳٶ䡣ǳԺͲǣʵľˣȻһˮҲΪ̩ãǲָ߹ѾΪ˲Ф˹ºüùͷ
Ժǲʧģݸ߹ٺϵɻ߸š
ѧϰճһڸ崫йԱְλּ̳еĴͳһ󽫾ĶҪΪ󽫾԰ȿȥ
˹ӦˣƾʲôٶǧɱԱŮȴô׼̳иĸλã
ȻǸˣǹԱǴŻǨŭǡǲӣֿȣԺʲôôô죿˲ô죿һ֮¸ſڸô죿
ôɰȻѡԭ
ԡ˹Լ°ͣȥ鷳Ӧò٣ȿŰɡ
Ƴǻ۵ʲܶ࣬æ߻ã˹Ǳ߲Žж࣬ƳǣطҲܷ¡
˹
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˹˯𣿡˯ǰ뵽£ˣҲ֪
Ӵף߳š
˹ķڸڣſڵտҪһƣꡪ
˹ŷ͸һЩ⣬û˯
ţҽˡ
˹ԲֱŽҲԲŽ
Ȼû˯ûϴ̴ӣڶ˹һĶãһһд
Ҵ𣿡˵
£˯𣿡
˯ûСȻûС˵˯̫׵ͷ
̴ʶһԼͷ龪㤡
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Ծڡǡ£رƽذæš
ɸͺͷҴʻ㣬ͷͿҩ֪ҩʲôǺķ㡣˵ر棬Ϊֵ߾Ϳڣһɱ
߹ȥ壬дĸ֮ǰ˹ϽһǴתƹĹ
Աһľʡ
£ڸʲô
һЩ򵥵ҿһƳǵʲһЩǽҪǾͿһɡ
˹סҡҡͷ£ϢˡѾæһˡ
뵽㻹ڹҾ˯ġ壬ʼ
Ϣ
Щض˵ܴ˹֪֣˶ĽίΣȴһ˵̫࣬˯̫
£лл
š
һֱӰൽ죬ϵļȫϡ
׼طϢˣˡ뿪ǰ˱Ϣ˹Ҫ̫ƴˣһֱУѧһЩԷһЩεҪһ꼸˵¡
˹оԼůһ£ů̲סԼĲҲøŬҴڵλˤȥǻ߶ߡҲȥ¡
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Ϊʲôô룿
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Ҳϲӣֻϲ㡣䲻֪ʲô˹ǰűĻشѵǿһΣ˹֣һʣ񿴼һֱɴ֮һ档
Цһ£жش
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кӣеˡǣеƤԻеۡ˹֣ԼؿϣֻܵΪ˾ҡ˹Ĵ
ʹĽëҹյ
¶һЩ㵽
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߳ţܺãƵȸԾϡ׽һ¾ܿǵĹϵЩ׽Ѿܡ
ܸˡһвԴη壬ηĸԴǺʧȥ˹ʧȥ
˹ȶĵģϵϣҲһĵλȨƶԴ˺ްΨһóģһġȻη壬Ϊ䲻ҲûмĻᡣ
һģǶСǣ㿿һ㣬ҿһ㣬㿿һ㣬ҿһ㡣
һ˿Ժŵ˵ϲǰһУҺη壬ӲɣҲδԼʧܣӲ
˰ɣѹͲˡ
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һ£Ǽһϲҳƽ󲿷Ǹ˵ģһԱǵȺˣʴȵӵ»죬Ƴǵľ棬ͬе֣ѯǵƳǵľǼż׷һȣΪһ棬ȺＤ
ϧҪ뿪ˡ
еѾȫ£кܶƷ֣ÿ׾һ֣ǿô룬ҲûôĴȫͬĸо
תˣԭؾĹǡôױ
׼뿪֮ǰĶ񣬰ƳתһȦֻм˺һתһȦԶԶһۡ
ϵ˿ʼѣĳС
סҲᾭһֱڿﻹһֱ׶
Ȼʵһ죬޸Уһ̫
һߣиĸʧӰˡΪԼ棬ƷŬŬѾӰһܴķΧģԸı䡣
ڿΪ̩ģı˿ܸı̩
лҪ˵ƣҪҴſڣ
Ȩˣǲ


100 100 

뿪, µֻеֵȫǱɷľգֻгԱõ˱н͵˻߶ֹ, Ҳˡ
ǸոմԽʱ, һѡ, ŹӣֻҪǰһжúõģ㡣ڲ, ֪Ķ̫ˣĵĶ̫ˡ
Ҫ黹кܶడ
е˹Ϊʲôɳķӵ˺һ˵̫, ΪԼѰѿԽͷա
󲻿ܺǺҪߵ·ӶһȻе;ͬ˼, ǲһ, ʹõķҲǲͬġ
˹̩ӵиǿ, ܱ߹ҾηǻҪطͼұø
ûдʱֵǿĹӵи໰Ȩǿͨȡܱ߹ҵġǿԼ
ҲûΪ², û䡣
Ƕȿ˹Ҫߵ·ǵ͵ġԵ
뷨һ㡣Ҫĸ, ׽Σ޲ṩů󶹸أԼṩζĶƷͽƷʣǾԴ㡯
ǣɿض˵ǿԴϻ㹻ʳõʳиߵ󡪡һЩ׷׷һ棬ṩ֡ջ󡯣ζĽ͡ů¡յĻױƷȵȣǶԴ˲
ʱ׷ܣЩױƷһϼܾ糡᳡
øµĶǺ̩ܲ˼ŬѾ㹻ԵʳҲиΪҪಿתΪҩζĽ͡İǡ¡
ֹȵȡ
һЩⲿʲǷԻȡ׼Ļ᣿
ҲǣѧУ
ҪԼ̩Ÿոһ߳ģûлָ̫졣
̩ҺʵߣǲЩõĹ£Ҳˮƽȥ˵ܴǵֻʵʵ棬޻ǡ
̩ȨûгͻûиıֵķʽȨȡŲƽֻһ㡣ֻǰˣôȨԵõ࣬ƽҲԵõࡣ
ֺܶ󶹣ͻΪһֵζϳгϡҪ󶹣Ҫʱ䣬ҪΣһĿ꣬Ρ
̩εķʽرԭʼˡʵ̩ճ꣬ʺɹΣοصλǺߵΡ
ʱͨ˶ȱηֵ룬Ϊ̫ˡζҪֱӵǣȱΣ˻û
ҹ̸ɹκһҪܡ
ȥһ·ԽԽŨ˿һƬغʱһЩ綼ˣѩڻṩ㹻ˮ֣綼úܺá
Ｘĳ˶СֲָıԽǿԽԡ
СĶСǿԵģǴҿ˳ɼȻͻ硣ԲһǷջήͺܶࡣ
ڲ鿴Ƕ˵϶һЦע⵽Щź¡
Ҳкܶ޻޲ޱгϡڻֻܹëıһ㡣Ժ۸ήΪƽҲıƷ̩ȱٲ»ΪȥϻΪҪƷ
е䰡гĹһƿȥ档
Ҫ˼һϣһ·Ͼ
˹˵첻ʣ󲿷ʱǺ˵ż˹ɳһ
ѣ໥֪ԷĺʷҲ֪̩ĺʷʱʱ͵öܶϣɳķӶûŹ
һ·Ĺϣҭˡ
ʵЩ϶Щ˴ŵģɱֵ٩ӦöǡԼˡҲǺߡɳķӡ󽫾֮ӡĳĳٳĳٽ
СĹģǿԣȻͦȨ
⣬δ̩ĵһŶˣԺ᲻ΪϷֱ֪šɳķȨ֮ǰӦûάֺг
ǵĳһ·ͨ˿߹ӣո䣬һĵ·Ȼ˼ſڡ
һžʹˣմſӭӡʲôУԺĻݲݶñͷ㣬յ˵ȻҲ쳣ˡ
ӭ»ؼҡ
ؼˡ̾һͷԿʼŮ˵ˣżգúϢһ¡
ӵ¡ȻСŮ߹Ск̴Ӱ÷ѳ˵СŮߣС֡Ȼ֮һֱǰ÷չϲһʼСŮֻߣǷɵġ
ӵµļ𣿡СŮͷ֪ö
ͷԴߡͷ˹
˹Цһȥ
ǿȥϢˣȴСౣƷͻױƷŮ˾¶¡
뿪ǰͺ˵˶֮һдЭ顣һӭľһӵĶÿҶǸӴ֡

ҩԼ˾ҲˣҲඩҩ٣˸࣬йҵʹ߶ˣҶ
ҩҪֲ࣬ܲܶҼֲҩҩũЩĻɳķӰҪôֱɳķӽһְǵķֺתһЩõϡ
Ů˾˼֡
ôôһһתΪЩԭϾȻô࣬һɳķҲջķᡣ
λֱҩͻƷļ˾ߺ󣬹Ǹ糡һĸˣ
ԭпǹҵĶӣǸʮˣɺɫõһһ˵졣ֻıɫʵǸʮָ̺ܸҲ쵼ˡ
糡ܽᣬһһ
Ҫʱ롢ݵµľĿͷСԱѡȵȡ
ЩԱһֱڿݣ׼ճһƶϷ̩࣬ܵطݳܹ͵ճ̡
Ѿ糡Ҳ꣬Ҫ£ȥҸǴ
ԶŻҪˡǾ糡һ㶣ҲУ
ȻƳû֭ȾɫĲݾƵñӣѡ˲ʺɫëġ
òˣ;ǳΪˣ¹Ҳܵõء͸ķͳҲһЩ徻Ϊ˵ϡ
лл¡ֱ
һ£ʶҪͷ
Ц˹˲ڡ
ô֪Ҫ
£޷صģһһ֪̾
Ĭһ£˵
糡ĸЦø
ֻܱܣΪԸΪˡ
˵ôΪҹ֪˲٣һ֪˺ʮ֪ˣ𲻴ΪɱˣƬµñɿֲƬˡ
֮ȴȻЦˣãҼĶ⣬Ҳ⡣˺˵ȨɱһˣǸûз㻹ɱȨɱһˣΪǸûзԼ
ԣñл
£˹߹󽾰ˣ²ܺú÷ˣ翴ңΪκ£ҶĸԸ
˵ô˵Էһָжһַ׵ĳϡ
ʧЦˣȥɡ
֮ԡ£׼ҹ£һΪߵСкΪΡ
лҪ˵֪ģ~ҹСɰȥ˯


101 101 


һ͸ϵĶ, һȻǵͼ, ͷͼҪԲض˵, ¾Ȼô
ָ˼ط⼸γ, ֻƷʲߣǸĵҲãֲӡɳķҪЩطֲˡ, ̫Զֲ̫, ̫Ӿʣ
һڴ, Ȼûȥ, ˵ҵľʵĵط
źӣŵͼһ, ͻȻ뵽һ£ҪΣЩγسβãҪ٣ֱӴγ͹ǱߵƷ㣬ɳ
Ца취òõɺõ, Ҫһô
ְ취ܸȤ̩γкüܴεֻγǸ, طγأᾧ˵νᾧŴɳڸмҲֻʮƶ˼ҲŻṺ
취αɺΣܴΡˮΣοпݽߵһգȴûС˵
°ѵͼһţôҪˣҪٶ˵
Ѿʵ֤ˣ˵һԹȫа취
ʲô
ĶͣǱǿýǿ׳ı
ʵʮ֮󣬹¾Լ޽ΰķĹɣ֮ʳ¡ʳΣѾˣĿⷿ㹻Ĳϣе޷Ĺˡ
֮˵Ҫ蹩ˮϵͳһǧԺ˸мһСһ룬аɣͰԼ׼޷ĹĲȥ
Ĺʹòȥ˶֮һȫ˶Ϊˮϵͳĺã
˶⹩ˮϵͳʹš
޾Ժǿšͽħĸգ̲ס˸ġ
һѺòĲóȥˡ
ʣ²֮һĲеʹ̲ס͵һ˵˼䡣οһ㣬ʮ꣬ϻġ
ҲУڣǿԻôõġʱŬ޷ĹĲϣҪǲɼʯϣõˮִ࣬ľͷȵȡ
Ȼ죬ͻȻһֲԤУ֮һķĹҲסˡ
ȻͿ˹˵£ҪõһЩʯϺˮࡣϴ˵޹ˮϵͳʱҲ˵ģõһЩʯϺˮ࡯õ֮һ޷òϡ
źָⶶһ£ʯϺˮࣿ㾡ãвʯ͹ˡӲʯӲʯū
ѾˣϣӲʯū
Ҫ²ˣܻܲһ˸
˵Ҳȫñµġҳ˿֪̩ܶ¹ϽĳУֻ֪٣֪б£Լݣڳ˰գѹĳеԼƲˣԼ˳ͷһ飬˭Υ޽˳ͲĳֱӲˣʯϲˣ
ⲻſں˵֮ͷͨ㣬߻ʵԶЩڱؾʵۣС£ЩͰѳеԼ˽˲Ʋˡ
ƳǴɨ֮ЩѾڱγɼĹԱǿʱ̲ס²һ䡣ϿȷʵûǮˣһѼƻϣ̲סҪӡˡ
ʵ㣬̰۵Ǯ
ʵ֪Щ̰Ϊ
֮ǰһֱûʲô⡣һײģΪѹϰճͷϴϴ˯ɣΡ
һҲûˡķĹòˣƾʲôǻܸԼ
𣡱ò
סϺĹѾͱס
ᵽζĹѾŴ￪ʼˡֻҪЩʯϣҪЩûĲƲԽԽãǹҲԽԽԼ޲׬˽óҪѿ̩øãҪǮ
ǮǲܸǮģҿԳҡ
һ̫ЩСåСƤǹǴåƤôåԸСåȫȷ
˵ˡԴ⣬˹ᴿεļƻǵĻᵽǸСϡ
Ѿʹ
ǸСĸǼȽǿģߵŮҲܶ࣬ǲ֪ΪʲôµĺȴûǸСк϶ӣΪ̫谮⺢ӵĸλߣ˵ļɵŻᱻͨͳȥ
⺢ʧٿҪ꣬˶Ѿ׶༪١ȻѾͷ˷ߣǺ
˵̩ӾӣұʾӺˣ˵ûбūӡǸ̷ŹʧĺӣʾΪл񣬲ԸΪ̩˵ĴӿһСۿΪתվ
ΨһϣܽСͻ
̩صĲϣеתСۿں͸ĺߡ
ҿǸӹȥ˳ȥۿʵһ˵ɹηɹˣͿ̩γʹô˵
ܵҪԣΪλ⣬Ǿܳģ
Ҳ뿴˵ַûЧѡһеİ취ӿǸСȥۿڣ֮һúȥ
ͷ˵ԡĿľΪɹΣСֻ˳
¶õȥˣڰ˽Ĵ
ӿﵽۿڣˮ·죬Ϊ˳ˮۡˮ·жһˣҪŪɹγ˸ࡣǺܶطˮ·խ˴󴬣ĳЩطֱȽϾմ̼ʵڲߡ
½·ӿһֱߵۿڡ
Сһܵۿڣ½·ŵ¡һһأɹγҪʱ䣬аҪ뿪Ժܶ鶼ðȥ
¸ջҪ𣿡˶ʡ
ûأͣһ¡Ц˵׼ӣ¡
мǧ˼ң޳һһΥ¼ģÿһ˼硣ÿһΪֲжٻ粻Ӧ龰
ֻҪȫһ㶼ܻһ꣬չ˵úãܵõӣ
˵ǼҪ͵˼ңȻһһͳӣ硣˺üʱ䣬ӣ缴ʱ̩߲㿪һ˼Ļ顣
Ҫ¶巨ɵ壬˳Ժ;λ٣ҲμӲռһϯλ
ʲô˹鷨ɹܣʲô˲鷨ɹܣ٣Ȩڷ֮ϣ
̩ķϣƽصһַɣߡصһ֡Ҫľǣ˭ǡߡ˭ƽȷ
鿪ҹµȻⶼƽ񣬵ǳԺ˵ȻϣԼǡߡƴ磬ԼԼļΪҸ٣
ĺӦҫ
ǳԹϿϷ˫ŹǿҪӵ·ԡ
֮£ֻվûֹ֧£Ҳûֳ֧ԺֻҪһײľϣȻҪһīʣȻһǳֱ׵ͼ
ֻ̩ôԴֻôࡣôһԴֵʮǶ٣ֵһٸǶ١ֻǺȷظѡ֣ǵĺһֱӣôʵϣǼܻõԴԽԽ٣Ϊƽ
ΪῪ֦ɢҶֿԭһ壬ԺС塣
ΪʲôйŴҪʲôƶȺ͵ճӼ̳ƶأһԭΪȷԴ̶ȱͼ̳ȥ
̩йŴһ̩˻뿪壬µļͥŮʱûϡ
⻹һ㲻ͬǣ̩ŮԼĲƲģлǰƲҲлƲԴĺӡʵһЩĸϵĲ
ʲôû˵ֻǰʵڳȻ˵ˡʶȨֺʲôӣǾҪġ
ͼ̼һμǶƹǳҪԼǳҪҪôأ
лҪ˵סϺأǾͱס
²ˣ²ˣϲϲ²~

102 102 

鿪˼, ס˼졣쵽ʱµ߲űȷ
, ٵһϵкλĹԱ޳ߡϵСȷֻ塢塢̩м׵ļǱȷΪߡġ
ϵͳиԹ, ְǲʽе, ٺͼ˾һʼְֻ
ѹ֤ȷɷΧĶӰΪｲѪĹ£ɾλжǷӰӣֱӳͷ, ʱ䶼뿪顣
ԺҪӡߡĿȨǾͿ, Ժ룬ٷ֮ʮͨС
ͬ, ҪӵСߡͷεĹ, ǵȨҲٷ֮ʮĻԱͨſԡ
ΪƹȨ, Ժιͳ塣ΪߣܱȨġߡԴ˽á
ȻȨҲܵƣǱԼϡ
Ϊӣµǡ˽˵ļ˽˵ũ, Ȩһ֡Ƿ֯ĹͷĹˮϵͳĸ˵ȣְ
ְ񣬹Ȩֱӳ, ˽˲Ʋܶ˼ƺô⽨ƶȵĳˡ
⣬ٹ󣬹󲻹ɣΥҪͷġΥûе߹ͷεĳ̶ȣòв㻹ƶȣ巸Բ
֮ǰߣڱ޳ģģһ֡ߡӵְ񣬵ûȨȻǡߡǻٵʱȨŮ˲УҲֱӰԼְλˡ
óɱЩٵŮ
Ҫλ뾭ˣ˲ƽ񡣿˵صĿǷɣοĳⷽʽ
ɧĲд˽ʽ˰ߡ
ʱϣӵеԽ࣬ӦӵеԴԽࡣ
޶ǣǹ壬һӵһصƶũĲ˰˰ӵԼµģ˰Ĳ˰ӵĿصʮص̩󲿷ƽ˰඼˰
ӵʮһصʮصĸũ߲˰˰ʮϣֱհ˲˰߲˰
ǣַͨһ˰յԶԶ֮ǰ˰ģʽңΪƽٷ֮ʮ˶ûӵʮأҵ˲Ǻܶ࣬ȶ
⣬ԴʹӵеطָŮԶܸ˰գҲͷֹ˻ȡأۼĿǰͳν׼
Ŀǰ˹أȨ֮һز˰˼ҸɴӵһУӵййԼǡƵøƽлӵԼء
ڳ嶼ʾӵߣΪв¹вٿвڵײ˵ģʵ󲿷˲̫ġ
ǣһȺǻԣʨҲԡʨӵƵ£һЩǵȻҪǺʨӣԺһЩ
ôѾȷΪˣǵȨôʧشȥأ
˺˵ӿԾһı־ǴԼĶŮѡļ̳ˣԼ󲿷ֵĲƲ־͸/Ҳѹݴ͸/
˫ǹ壬ǿԷֱѡ̳˼̳ԼĹ
ݡ
ע⣬ӵŮ
̩˵Ǵĸġ
ĸŮ̩˺ͼĺӣλܵͣΪĸ׵λ͡Իֱȷĺûм̳ȨһĺӣҲܴ֮ӡѪĸ˹ûūݣλ޹ϵ
⣬Ѵ󲿷ֲƲϲŮ̩˵ĳָŮǲ˼ġ
̩;˴󲿷ֶҪɳķӣȻʣµĸӣŮŶûеģԼŬҹɡ˳㱣סԼСΪλļ̳ɱֵܽҲǳ̩Լ
⣬̳˲Ӻԣɣ
ʵΪӵʺܸߣܶһӶûӣǾѡ̩ͳĻΪӺĺӦһĴ
Ĺ涨Ůļûг֡
ĸϵ廹ߵɭַ·ߡܸɣŮҲܼ̳д󲿷ֲƲȨģֻǵ÷ǳУһɳȹġ̩ŮԹҲ٣ⲿ˵ְλ͸ŮԼ̳УǾͻѡŮԼ̳ˡ
ʳ¯ķ棬°µôġ
ȷ͹½飬ҪԱѧϰɣǰѷΪһǷΪߡºûйϵˡȷĹ崫ƶȣҲû뵽ġ
ʵкܶ಻㣬ֻȾƶȻǽһЩ
ֻһ㵣ģҪ췴ΪǱˡߡݣŮҲ޷̳ǵλá⻹нʽ˰ɱ
ϣոհ̩ҵЩġ
֮󣬽ĴʼˣҲһֲȥˡ
֮ǰֲС׺Ͳˡʳε󣬽͸ýʳ͵⣬ֲͲˡ
ԭĻԻֲõ塢򡢺ϲݣ¿ѳĻֲϻޣ㡣֮ǰֲӣأ˿ȣȵĻҶãһ־ӦӦص
Ϊһε￪ʼڿĴС
ҵֱӿһ佴ר꣬ɳķӵɰרĶƷרĸڡ
˵һˮһζϣǵһμʲôӵġα˺ܶ࣬һرĶ෢ͺŨ㣬ʳζܲη֡
˵һͳ˿˳زٵĵζϡļ۸ƶߵҲƿӹ
ͷʽڰй˷ӣǰڹһֱƶҲԺֺ죬ԼһֺΪԱĸ׶԰˲ȣͽ𡣵ǵĻʻڸ
ͷŮԱΪΪЩѾˡһŮҴ󲿷˵ļϵĶŮԡԽͷŻͷ֯һΪŮԲš
ȻŮԲţô׶԰ҲһϣﻹһĹŮ֡ǿǺĽ֮ǰһ׶԰ϽãԲȣͺǴ򽻵أӸϣĶҵĵط
׶԰ǽ͹ڹһȨȨ
ֵµĹ̫ˣһ˹ܲƫĽ͹ֱ͸ˣǽŻֲƶ
æ
æµµʱ̩µķɿʼʵʩ
Ȼ⵽һЩٵķԡǺźûоӣһûγǿǲǶ֡Щ¹ĵ˲ֻǹѾ̩Ϲ˫⣬ɲ
ߣ̨
µ̬ȾǿӲĹȨҴģܴ裬ջء
һĳټ졣ʮΣһȳΪĸγǵ٣һ塣Ѿһûʣ¡
γǵչʾٷ֤ݣ͵Թȡ˰գΥ޹ɱƽֳܺ߼˵ռܺ߼˵͵Ρ
γ˹ȻҪϳټ塣
֮ȥĹԱоҪ̣ӡΪūһЩûйϵĳԱƽ񡪡ȫ˲Ʋûա
γǵ˻òù»ǿˡ
⣬γֵٰ֧һϵҲش
֮ǰ˵Թ˵ӺӲӣ˶һ̰ĸƷԣŮµ̬ģҸ˸㣬ţҲ˸㣬㲻
֮ǰͦϲӣΪùԻ˵һиǣȫ˰͸ڹˣֱջء͵ʴס
ƽԹӵ̩߲ӵһϿؽʽ˰Եײ˷ǳѺã˵رѺáС
˹ĹһչʾǿƵһ档
ַʽˣҲ̩Ψһˣ˶Ӧҵָӡ
ôָأӸУǾǷɣǹȨϵ֣
֮ϵġ
ɾһԼƬϣҪƬصķɣΪǩԼʥΥ˷ɣΥԼΥԼӦܵͷپͿѡ
֮󣬸еʯʼæµҪһߴʯ̩ķɡʯҪڳеĹ㳡ϣÿ˶ӦÿʥƶĹǹĻ
ʯһٸһᡪǿ÷ȥжϣǵĹûз
ܶ౾ʵһٲòצһѽͷϡСᱻŹһ´߱ͱγǵپһǡ
ӣγǱߵʯϺˮ඼Ѿ׼ˡҪǴӸۿڻȥһ𣿡ոճһĹЦпŴƵ󡣴̩˽ԽԽˣɲǴô
Ѿúܺˣ뽻Ұɡ
ڹѾѻ׼ãϡԱȫ룬Ҫľǽ
˵ʵʱʱȫһ²۵̬û뵽ô̵ʱ£ͺˡǽ̩ͼ֮һ´ֱȴӮĵĹԼһס
뿪ʱ򣬹͵һڳſ
ǻӻ֣̩ƽһϸɾֱ˵Ρ
лҪ˵ƶһСС仯̶ײ㿪ʼԣְλټ崫У
׼̻ܿ£Ϊһ˵컨߶ȡʵϲ㻹ǹֻ̻в²㿪ʼؼ沢Ҳܵƣһһɡ
ƣɣ²ˣѡĸö࣬
ǣ˵öԡ


103 103 

ӻʻ, һڴ뿪ݴӽӣϪˮ, ѩ׵ϳԲ, Ƕ˰ɣ
ӣһѾѿ, ƺûһУȻߴԶС
ڵʱ, Ǹϵۿڵʱǳģ޺õɹγѵЧ
һγ˹ӵĻɳķӵĸٺ͹ЭĴ󽫾ĳӰ
ʱ뵽˿˷ǳϲġᡷϵ, ǸԴִ̰Ǵɵͽа
, ֪𣿡
һϻ, ˭֪Ĺ£һ˿, ȶǼٵȥͽĺӣ֪ȡᣬǵĸĸϣǰһ
٩εİЦúºͣҺϲĹ¡
ʱİˡʦʵ벻һὫƢֺʹײҲƽ͡
һλɳķӵĸ, һĬԵĺƤӣ㣬ǺܶӲģ
γеĿ֮һǸСк, Ҳǵӣڰ÷ǱߵĳϣŮսʿ԰ȫҲߡ⺢Ϊ֮ǰһСŮϺһֱŤء
߰ĺӣһ߿޵ðһغһŮ˵ԺȢ㣬һҪҰȻ·Ͼˡ
ǸҪµСŮ˵뿪ʳƣܿͻҡҲ뿪һŬΪŮ١Ȼûеᣬ۾ȴˡ
ĺӣǳ졣
һǡּСһ·϶ֱٽʲӵĹģȥƳСˡ
ȫ߸죬ռһ㣬Ӹʵ͸СҪǣڸĳ⳵ڡ
һľ壬мһţƤ㽺Ϊճϼټһľ壬˵֡ϰ塯Чֹ룬۵ȻҲܹ
ɻǶģϾ·ãϳûзʩر֪ûУƷҲ
ǰϢõģռϴλذиСۣԹ̶СԻ칫ϣû޿ס˯õֳεĳóˡ
ڳиոպãûյպóŰҲ䵽ܲܳţҴѩóӶм䡣
ȻҲûлϼĶıߡ
ӶߴˣԶԶվסڿһСΪ̫Զ󿴲Щ˵ı飬ֻǴԶԶܿӦԷʽӦǶܺηġ
η巴ҪӭѶϵǶ˵ҰޣĳһǱһȺϮˣʮʿʿżܳԵ⣬ҹä֢ûƽôأҰ޵Ǳ͵Ϯģǻ·硣
ˡȺǳֻһ·ˡӵʿ˵üͷ壬ܲá˵ʿĨҩöˣǱϾʧ˺ܶѪϢաҲΪͻ׼ĳᣬֻǵüһ
֮󳵶ӵʿӽˣҹҹʱľͷܳϰͭ塣
ͭΣǲ֪ǲǡ
΢ŵһֱǽһвɢȥ
ٺػӭǣҷǳЧʵزʡ˵Ҫ绶ӭǣ֧ӵĸܾˡڳ˯һϣڶùͺǾ뿪ˡ
·Ͽ
ܶ׼ȥֵũ񣬳ŽţϿųͷƲ·ϡԶԶӾͱܿˣһʿ˸Ӿ֪ǡ
ЩӶ̫ҿǣЩؿ
ȴпûСһ·Ϣһ£һ·ڵճһʼо˵Цķ羰ھǡ˯
һ·ķ羰ԭʼȻ˾;Լäܾò羰񲻾ǰſ
·ϵʳȻҲڼô¡ûʲôҪ·иɾˮܻȥǸճ극ûжþԳθ治á
ΪʲôȥƳǵʱûôأΪѩ
гԼİһص͵Լ϶ʵʵסˣһ·ǰ
һ£ƺܸܵʣ÷⡯ˡҪãûʲôУĿҲȽ¡
һ磬ʱһСϪͣˮܺϸһ㶼ѡȡˮԴĵطͣȡˮʹԡ
ǳСϪ߳ûÿһζԵһֻҰѼһЩ㣬˼Ѽ
ʿֳʯͷʼͿʳһƬ㣬Ĩϡ
ûʲô˹һöʯ꣬аٽѼӰëСǸ۰ͰͿţ˶æ
÷ģһˮݿ̷ۣȳӡ
ŮҪ֮ǰʿ·ϴˣšɹЩ·ҪڼϣӿԹ̶ڳϣһ·ҡҡڰֱɡ
ʵûô鷳ˣ˲Ƶ·һ·
ԴڡҾϴ׻ճڼҲᾭϴ·˭γʹĶأ
ǵҪǣϴһ軻һ·
Ůһϴϴ·ָɾֿ죬ԲҲСҪ֪ǰɶľ·ϴġһЩϵ֬ģγţǸ;ļʹ˲ء
һȽǳҲûкܶˮݵϪˮߣһ˵Цһϴ¡һʿſõСĸ˱ʿõһ˰÷
ӴСŮüŪۣһúڣҲǲˡ
÷󷽷¿㣬ҧһڣ㿾ģ
ϲĻԺһֱ㿾𣿡ʿ˵
÷㣬ֿǵÿԺ󿾵ǲһֱôóˡ
ʿһ˵ػصʿĶУͬ壬̩׷ŵ衣
÷Ҳ˽ˡҸоᣬߵѾһ֮˺ӣŵĸоǿҡ
˹ΪǵŮ˳֣Ц÷黹ǻڼ﹤ûڼŮҲúý֡
ΪΪҹԽԽ࣬ôǵŮ
˹סˣ֪ܹ޷ӣǽԣû뵽ھȻҲҪôЩӡǵĸĸѧϰô
˹̲סʼ˼ԼЩǸӡĸŮĴСΪиĸţҴСѧϰǵŮһ֮ҲԴ󲿷˼ҶĬּ崫еġ
Ҫôأʡ
ãҲǣЦһ£ֻ
ÿӵ뷨һЩҪ̳мҵЩġǾۼһ𣬶һԣϲʲôԺŬʲô
˹̲סԼСʱһʼǶôųΪ˾ζⲻúǾѣ꣬ŷ֣Ϊ˾ͨԼĿĵ̵һ·
Ǻܺõ뷨£ĺҲ𣿡
Ȼԡ
òϣֲһЩɾˮٴγ
ص壬̩һ壬СľСľͷʮֳĶͼÿͼú߷һкܶС׵ľ壬ľǲʻģʮ־¡
ЦеģȴУǸĺȻһֱޱ飬Ƕ̷ʱȴԽԽȻѾ
ˮңһߺһΧۣʵ̫ܿס
˹ҲóＫӮԼĥķʱ˹ͺӮ
һߣⳡڽˣǰӮͽ˴ĳ﷭ӣ˷廹塣
ó壺ôպĸ˶档
רעһµʱʱǹúܿ죬һ¾͵ϡ
ûеκһУҲûдׯһƬԭʼĻԭ״̬вݵأϡľʯһЩСˮӡ
ʱʼꡣ
̩Ĵˮǲǵһ꣬ȷʵ̫Ѻãһȫĺ󱳶ûУտĵطһȺ
ѵصʿܿ쿳ľ𼸸ª񣬾ľͷӣȻţƤǿһ𣬰˺ͻΧм䡣
ΧһЩ壬
ľդͭ塣
ڳ˯ţ֪ôģе㲻
ȻͭУЩУʿĺ
úϮ
лҪ˵ռǣת꣬꣬ĺҰ⣬Ϯ
Ҫˣߺãǻ~

104 104 

ڴ·, Լһ˿סóһ󣬺ճѵõĲһ, ̸Զ, Ը
ѻж, СĿ档
ЩңΪ죬ܴ, ģȺȻѡ֣ǿҪ֪, ëĶﶼϲԼϴʪһ, Ҫǵ
, û°ɣ˹ðһѵ, һѡûнڳſڣһ꣬һ߷͵ϮҰǡ
ҰǴ˹֪һֶôթ黫óȺսʮ˵̶ӱҰȺϮȫûϢ
, ûʿ裬Ҳһַ
ͻȻһʿĲҽ, ѭȥȴĻȥİɫӰӡ
侲ÿغԼλáվȺһ絶ĳҪϲʿһ
Ӱ˸й٣ʿܲ
ͻȻ뵽ʲô˼ʸ׼ᡣ
£̫Σա˹Ҫֹ
ҲȥĵطֻҪϡ
֣˹Ҳ޿κΡ̾һϥ£ҵϥȥͲϥȥϣСվӡ
̫ˣ꣬һֿµȣҪǼֶվסѡСվڳϣ/Ȼĳȥ
ʸһ䵽ϣһը죬ԭȼһ䲻ᱻˮϨĻšһֱȼգ˸׵ķΧֳͳһֱȼյĺɫţӸλǰΧ
ŵĳִǿʿɼҰ
Χ΢ô
ҲǸϮʿһֻҧסһֻ첲ʿƴ˦Ҳ˦ʿѾһξ/һ䵽ҰϣӰߣҪ壬β͡
Ҳˣβֱըˣһ·յҰϡҰʹ÷ſ죬شûϵĻϨ𣬸ʿѾһ
ⳡս΢΢Ұʮֽ̽ûռʲôˣʬ뿪ʿˣʮˣѾĨҩ
÷ˮҩͣ㳦һĪ򣬰Ѵұõ·óˡˣϵһׯٳһֱˮӰź֮صᣬʪ͸·ëʪյͷֳȿɿһ±˺¡
һֱȺŸܵĿ¡ֵǿŶӺôӡҪЧʸæһβ֪¶ʿ
Լеȣ³һ
ʱһȥ˵̫ˡ
˹ʮ˾͸ҳѹǶȥ޻أľ۾ӵ֮ôΣգиΣվš
ԼһδӳǺ侲ˡ
ѾͣˣϺܶˮӣ÷ѾպͺҩʿҲ˸·ѾƤëͷŵţݱսƷ
ʿǳžôΣյ¡÷ҲǺ侲ģⳡʳճɵӰ졣ǵ̬ӰĶ
һγ
ڣһǰһׯһСׯȫҲֻʮˣ
ûУֻһճʦûжõС˾
˴ӣκͲϽ㡣ηǣҲҪЩκͲϡ
ǻǾסһȷľΪһճʮ˳ַ֢״оͰ֮ǰúõģӽ״̬һɣ벡
ǵһθðһ˸ðҩڶ֢״ͻᣬվͳ׺ˡһ㲻յĳ̶ȡ
һΣǷˣ̫Ѩʹ˻û
˹һ˲ԣȥĶͷ£Ƿ𣿡
ú̲ס˲䣺˹ˮеɳƣеġ
˹˽׼õˮͲõˮܿˮͶ˹ˣ˹пԼȻһιˮ
ȳһ㶫ٳЩҩ𣿡˹Сȴܿ϶ͬҲôġ
ȻԶԵˣ֪ȳһ㶫ã͵ͷ˹ּˮ
˱Ȱ÷ǿűۿ˹ϵ󣺡»𣿡
ǵ۾ҪϵĪһܴĵӡԼȥһ㣺Ҫģҩͺˡ⼸걻չ˵̫ã使ˡԳ˵
սʿҲ޷ֿħ֡ºúϢҪѳϵĶóɹһ£һʱɹɡ˵
뵽ϵĶĵǰˣкܶͭߣȥγõġǿǵʯˮ಻ãѧϰɹģʽԴЩߡ
ұȽϴĺߵȻɽңƽмĥ׵İۡ˳±ˮ
ȥɹɹ֮ǺΡڰȻɹҼʯˮ
ЩҲʪ𣿼ǵòһ飬Ĩͱ˵
ģ·ģúϢ
еƣҲǿţ˺ܿ뿪ˡͬʱ÷һСˣһ뼦
һŰŵĴϣͣǷûʲôθڣƽʱϲģϺõļŶûûζġ
ǿͣϢһҩˡ
˹ڱϷһƤʱʱĶͷë
û˯ţֻǱ۾Ȼ̵һηա
ˣųȥˣûˡܿʣɤð̣ˮϣһЩ롣СС۾ϵˮһ
ǻԼˣһµҪһߴӴߵСһͷǦʣͷԽʡǦʣȻ鱾ʶ̫дˡԡ

Ȼһ¶ûУŻˣιˮιҩ˵ˣԺ⣬Ե˲Ͱ˴
֮ĵڶͻˣǸԡҲͳһʷҪˣ˭дϣݵʱһģֻдˡ
ƶԣŵĺ⣬žҸһˡ
˲֮˾ͻԼʧǡ
ͻȻֿʼŵĺ⣬òˣ޲ú̳ǰȻǲܵģû꣬ԲܳԵ
ͻȻеίίԲ⣬ίΪʲôԼô磿
ΪʲôԼľżһϷ˲˹ʮꣿ
ΪʲôԽˣҪʲôʲôûеĵطԸ⣬Լϸǣƾƣ͡
ʱȷҲŵ㣬ҲкܶɰĵطлĻȻԸִĿյɳӾʳƷ˭Ҫ˭ȥϸҪԼֽǹġ
ֱԽԽί̲סת˸ͷ
˹һ·ˣСĿȥ£ﲻ𣿡
ҪԺ⡣Ƶģе㺬
䲻Ҫ˹еãȻԺţˣóһЩûͣ˺ţ⣬ȳЩ
תΪɫ죬룬һһûڣǴ
ûʲôֻͻȻˣҪ
һ˹ҲûȥֻǾżһºܿɰϧʧصʱ
£úϢˣʲôС˹գȻصǾͳԺţ⡣
󣺡
ˣԵôţҲͦóԵģ׷ҲˣҼŸҪǮһسԣ뵱һըۺþá
Ұοһ˯ˡ
лҪ˵СҲãȻõ²ˡ
ƣǣûУ˵


105 105 

Сׯ, ķյڶվͺ, ڶվǲһʡΪشҲûжʿǳȥ, ÿյʳġ
һʼشη绢, ҿǲǵ, ҪʲôҲκͲϻȡģǵӾʹҿʿ䡣
ĴǺܶͥЩǿ׳ʿȥǼҹ, ĸߴܻӭ
һʼ, ˡ
˹û˵˵ˡ
Щ˼Щʿȥ, ǡֵ˼һ㶼ֻŮ, ߾ŮļͥЩŮҪĺ, һѡǿ׳ʿ֡϶᲻ɹ, һɹأ
Ȼɹ, ҲʿûаëǮϵ
ʵĸϵһ, ͬʱҲΪ˽׷ֳĻζ⡣Ϊ̫٣Զ˸㽡ĺ
˵ĵȻԽЩ, СׯΪԿ״⡣
˰Σ̾˿ǵ÷չö··ͨ, ׯҲ˵˳룬¾ͻԽԽ١
ȻȻѡرصϰףǹȥʿ޵Ǽ˼ңǶһƻ֪ôƻ˵⳥ɣ˼ĸԸģ˵Ʒа˼ҵС㣬֮ӡ
˺ӣһӪѡͳˣԼųҲԣǮҲԡ
˵ЩˣùúܣǸѧУҸĶӲƨɵ衣
ȥ֮ͺʿ˵ˣҲ֮ǰôԺôҵĶԺ·
ϲŮӣǾһ𣬶ֲûŮһҲҪû飬ȥ˼ҹ
һҪǸһ/ϣ/Ρ˵һ䡮޹ءĺ޹ˡףһĴʣҪӳԴҪ̵Ϊ˴Ҫӣӣûôף
ΪԼĹϵرϲεļҳиĸ͸ûиĸһ
ʵǰƢǲˣҲҪ˰Լ׼¡ģӵĵλȨƸʱҲԵ¡
ҲϲǾͲǰ¡
ô˵һ£Щ˾Ƕ¡СҲû˸ұ¶ǸҲӡ
֮һ·ȻҲСׯͣҲûз¡
ҲûﱻȺϮ£һ·ƽƽûв۵ɳķĸۿڳСſڵȺӭӣͬŵĻгפĺĽ
ӭӵ¡
һ·ٽͣľˣʵûʲô뷨ò˵һˡͷҲصرɳķӵĸۡɳķ֮ǰţѾɨɾʱס
ϢһգŰǸӽеǰûؼˣĸ׺㡣
һ·СѾ֪ԼҪؼˣҲ֪߻кȥͷò̩л󣺡ллӵ¡
Դð÷ʰ⺢ϲǹϡ
÷⺢ʰ˲ٶһ˺Ľ뿪ۿڵһգվǸʯͷĴֲڸۿϡ
Ȼһοʱ
Ĵ󴬡
ĿжʮףΣ㽶ҲۣҪŴԱǰˣҲз緫ֻǿŲתӣӦúޡдգ󣬹ƷŲ˶ٶסſ϶Ҳ
ִԸĵøãֻȻһҺ˵ģԣȸԼóɡ
磬һɹ
ѾԼԴôôĶС˵ᵽǿƵϣ֪֮ɹôһ¡ı׼̻ġ
һƬ̲һ㣬Ҫɸһ
кܶʺϵĵطΪ˸ۿǸλãطȫδ״̬ҵܺʵĵطȻÿղǳ䳱ˮ̶ȡ
ʵɹ飬˵Ҳô£ܺġֻǰѲת̫⣬ƽǳγء
ǲ޽γأǲԡҪΪһСγأǡ࡯պˮη֡ҪðӰˣٽ뺣ˮɹηֱ֡ĺܸˡͰóúˮݿ˳ζȵ±ˮ
±ˮζǷ㹻Էһжϡ
±ˮһչƵıƽչԣ̫ɹεЧʣԼʺϵǳ
Ũ±ˮʺܸߣɹһ죬ܿ׻Ρ
ʵǳɹ
ʵǰˮɹΣȱһ裬ʧˡǾǡ࡯衣ԭĺˮɹΣǵǺ£ûЧʡá࡯ηֵص㣬ܿٲΡ
һ룬лصִһҪЩС˵ƵĴƲʺ磬лǴǻۡ
ɹѡĵַʼƽ޴
ʯߣСĿ϶ϣһƽ򡣱ɻūľżһСѯʣҲòκϢ֪µ˺٣Ϊ׼һ߷¡
Ҫ޵ģΪɹܣ߿϶ҪΧжʮСʱѲ߶ӣ½ʮ׸ǽ
ɹγֳ֡
ӽߵҲɹͷĵطʯˮһһֻЩسŨࡣ
Ȼһطǰܽ˳ɸŨȵ±ˮ
Щ±ˮôʯˮɹγֻҪ⣬ξͻԴԴϵز̩ȫ
񼣰ٿһжˣδõΣԱôס
׻ɹγ˰ɫǶѩЩѩףûɳûʣҲûпζϵȵΡ
ټֱҪϲȻｨֱ֮ӹˣղЩ˰Ҳաһ룬ԼĳУȡγǳΪ̩ʳβ֮أô˽
Ҳܸˣʮ֮һķֺ졣
ķֺȡˡƽΡĶȨһε߷۸񣬲óʮͬӵļ۸ԺֱڸޡʳרꡯĺΣԶһ϶һ㣬Ҳܹµļ۸
۸Ŀǰĵ͵Ʒεļ۸񡣵ǿǵˮɹγɱܵͣǺܴε󶼴
ͬʱһҡٷʳרꡯڸۿڿˣؾ֤Σ֮һļ۸ʰΣԭƣһһһĶȡ
ۿڵľûз裬Ҫˡ
ô˵ϵΣ̩𣿡
µĴ˵ֿʼˣ˵˿̩ӣں̲һ֣ˮӺԶһѩ׵Ρ
ҲϵΣ㻻طȥ׬ʵǮ޹ͣŸۿڳߵ˵֤һ̶ӿʮﲻ
׬Ǯ϶ǲеģҲûС
¸٣ȡȲ˵ǹӶµģ㲻ǣҲγٵѪû͸ءңûӾЦп
βΪҪƷһʼǾͺȷ
ºǰһ£ΡͭʳԶΪҪƷ
ͻױƷΣƷ϶ҪȹڣǸ߼ȥʳһģܵԼȳԱˣſǰѶȥĶ
ߣһǽΣһͭһǻʳһˣҾ͵ңǸʳ޻Ĺһ
֮˾׼ˡȫǵ˶󶼾һ£Ϊĸ£ϣɳķӵĳǱγأû濴Ҳǻûġ
ۿ˶࣬Ĺҹˣмкܻܶ࣬ҡΪİȫ߶ҪˣͲˡ
ʶˣţľôˣ
Ϊ˵Ρ˹Ц˵ƶ˼ҲܳԵˡ
ʲôΣû˵֡
˹ЦŰʩչˮԼԼɹɱεĹ˵һ顣˵µİ汾˵ӿճԲΣֿˮﶼΣں߿ܵӵģΪṩϺ
Σǳ۵Ρ
ΪֱӽСΡ뵽ơӵЩһףȡΡ
󣺡
лҪ˵ǧ
㽲һϵ񻰹£εĴ˵˵ڼǧǰ̩һӣ
ƣ
֪һСϢҪ΢źܶǮ
΢ûЭ飬ûֻ˺ŵʹȨȨԣһʲô⣬΢˺ţǮᱻ΢ŻգȨ̳СѶƷϷ˺ҲһûֻʹȨûȨ
ԷһٴһǮ΢Ŷ~


106 106 

ȥʱΪҪγ, Գһ·һ뿪ʱЯ˴İ, װչͲ, ҪؿƷɳķĸٸֱЩȥ˻·
⻹ĺز, Ƿǳıʯ, һֵϡŶǸۿڵ͵ġ˵ӻȥλýĸӵ, лӡ
ûϸ˵, ףԷҪлĲֻǾ֮, ȥūӡǵĶ顣
Ҳز, ȫǳԵģϺɡɡɡ˵ȵȡ󰮳Եĸֺ, ĸ, ûٳ̺ʣͷζ޹Ⱦ, ζ
зϺϴɾ, һͺζ
֮г˿ˮ̹뽴, ˬɿڡ
жΣƹҺһȦ, մһмըһըϽ֭ʮζ
ͷҲҪ˷ѣп룬ͶСǡ߲һһκ㹻ˡ
̣Ǿͽ¶࣬뽴ϡۡóʱ״ͼƬٽ˵СԣûͣˮҲܺóԡ
෽衢㳦Ȼ󣬾ͳһַչġСʳʵ͹ضҲࡣľǩӴСһڸۿڷҿ̼һ˺ܶСùݱ˵ζ
ʱ󶼵ûһ£Լд仯ܲΣǺʮʽ
ĸ³󼸺ˡҺÿյɹγСʱ˶㹻ֻǺһ㣬ûб֣Ǳýʵˡ
ˣҪڸ࣬潫ѾǺ潫ˡҪ
£鲻١
ɳķĸһֱЭĹ
˹һæµҪƹ׺ʹֵ飬ƺۿߵļ˾Щиˣûȫ¶ֲףߵش뻹ǴСͺһʲ֪͵ļ˾ȫǲΪ״̬ߵľΪֲֲࡣ
Ϊְϼ˾˹ϡǺļ˾ָ˹Խ޴ҡ
˹Ӳܵ³߳˾ݣջƲ˹̴Ӹµĺļ˾ӹܣһնϼ˾һҽҪջвŵһӱ޲ƽ֮ŷŸٺԼʦ˵¡
˺ܿ췢Ź˹Ĵʽû顣
ǰͽӵҪֲףȥȫֲ̿Ȼûһ㶯ΪƽŴˣֱ˺ʮˣýϵͳ
£˹µ뷨Ȼص׼̩ƫԶطһȦ˾Ĺ
֧뷨ϧһȥΪѾ׼ʼ졮ְҵѧԺˣҪ˹ĺһЩСɮ£¼һЩƽͥĺӡ
һʼģ϶ֻܴǳΡ
ѧҵ龰ܺãܲŻģ
ʳ֮󣬿϶һ˴ųΪֹߡ̩ȻҪչ޲ҵǲҵƽҵ׼ȫΧڿٷʳר꣬ô϶Ҫһ˴ְҵǸС̷
ôЩӳ˴ͳְҵҲܳһЩµҵ
ǵũᣬʽֹģʣͶ
Ҳ̫࣬ѧУѱؿô˵Եײ˵ҲǸᡣ
ʱǴȷʱ򣬻ȥȴĩңʢת˥ûκαĸдлˣ˵ӿҪɳ𣿵ǵ˿պøϷռһƬƬĽӲӣϲõɫ
γѾ޺ãѾɣȥγǽɹθĸҲ˳ɹľ飬Դҵ鶼ɣһ·˵˵ЦЦĵʱۼڳｲ¡
ԣǡʮ̸ÿһ£˯
˹˲ǽһЩڽ̴˵£̩¡Ҳص㣬ϲ£︳ԣȻһϵеĹ¡
ǳеһǹԱ߽Щ¼¼
ΪʲôҪ¼Щ£ͻش˵뽫Щ̵̺Ĺ½ѾռĹ£ҵĺÿսӴǣܴѧϰ˵ĵ
˼
תȥγǣΪγǺܸеĳУÿܶΣߵ·ѹÿƽ̹ƺһεζ
γǺܶ˿ΪǴӱػ۵Σ˵ĵط׬ȡۡǱ֮ΪС̣⣬ﶼŮڹܣγǣƼŮǺܳġû˵ŮԵλ͸ߣΪ׬Ǯ˵ģ˭׬Ǯ˭˵㡣
µʳר꿪ȫЩС̴ǳǷܿһ£ļǣΪٷε̶ӣγǵҪ͵Χطר꣬϶Ҫͻֱγǵ˻㡣
̶Ĺʿ϶ûԼ׬Ķ࣬ٻ룬ǳȶ룬ȫҲߡ
һЩСҲȫûл·ΪһЩƫԶСׯ϶չ˲
ģǿţ׬ȷѡ
µӴǣǱģոսߵĹҲûкܾãеæҡĹԱͳĬࡣ
γǵĹԱ̰۲Ǹ˵ϵ£û˽ǮģûСȻһξʹһң֪ԼҲ㹻ն׵ģֻǳ׶֮ЩСɫȤһŽҹ
Щڶúܣ±ץסѱ
Ȼ󲢲ǵĹ˾һȥο󳡵ءһγأͦģ汻̫ɹˮ治ӿµ±ˮ
±ˮǲֱʳõģΪдӣǱʳνᾧȻƣ޶ġ
Ȼ֪ʲôӡȻƣ֪ȡʹõֻγرԵջµİɫνᾧϲϵȰɫΣǻǵµΡ£λϴ֪࣬˵λࡣ
ʵȺߺöˣЩ±ˮŨȱȺ߹˳±ˮŨȻҪߡֱȡйˣɹγɹΡ
ɹγĲҲֳɵģǰٸԼ޵ĳûסأͲˣʯϺˮڷ
ΪںѾ޹ܶΣҲ·ߴ綼б׼ģǡҲҪ޷£Ϊγ߾ǡСΧǽΧرصġ
ߵҪģÿһȾͿԡʱûʲô飬϶γй䡣
γ߶μأܶﲻʺֲػȡʳǮƣγǲ׵ġҪֲҲǲ϶ȽӦ߲˵Ļ۲ˡ
Ժܶûа취ֻС̡
оϣȻγձеСǮȴûбȱ𴦺ùΪӡʳﶼ
Ҫ͹۸ˡʸߣҲߣۺˮƽʵûбߡ
μذ
˿ԸμأĿǰ϶õֲΪǼҪϸܡִһЩԸμأֻһЩμֲ
һ֣Ҳ֣轡տˡ
һѣûк˵ΪڶѾҪˣкʵģһʱҲû֡Ȼ»ǽɡ
μؿ϶ֻγһ̩εĵطпμأ罻ͳһ
ϣɹγһº޺ˡɹ׼ɹγɹˣû뵽ղһСꡣֵգѹ˺õ±ˮɹγ±ˮǳǳɹγɹһգ׻ξͳˣγرϼȡĻҪá
ɹˣ
޽ɹγ˶Ứ
£վһߣŹòӰռ鲼ӡЩԺ̩ƽļװǵιӡ
뿪֮ǰŵ̩˳ϸɾֱ˵Ρ
ˡ
лҪ˵أ㡣̩ӣΪԼΡơ
ƣס󶹡Ʒǡ͡Σʳ͡ҵְĪǣ

107 107 

Ϊɹγĵ, Ҫ, ᡣһǸлǻ, ΪڶվҪ뿪γǻؿ
ܾ, ʰ, ڶһ뿪γǡ
·ϻǸյĴׯʱЩ˼ңĹﻳˡӺʿûйϵ, ˼ҲܹŲ֪ʲôʱŵʿ, һʱ䣬֮ͻ֯Ůмס
ʱŮȥзǱ, ʱзȥŮǱ, ǲϣ˾ͻ뿪, ߻ڼԷ׬ȡĲȥõʣӵĬŮ, ƺϰס
ȻǱ뿪Сׯ֮ǰܵϮĻԭҲҲྭĺۼ, ȻûʽͿˢһ顣ƬԭѾ˻ɫ, ľʼ㡣
ڸռ֮ǰص˿ӶѾոˣֻţڳԲݡע⵽ߺ˲éҲ֪ʲô
ص, Ҵææͼ˼һ棬ּΡ
ԭٵѾյ͹ĺΣڵġٷʳרꡯѾ, ȻѾ޹һʳλڱĿ꣬βʣ
˵̩εѾһ룬ʣһο׵ؽʳ͵̩䡣
á
׼һ·ûдͱ߿ˡһش飬ҡͳϻϯΪ¹ػ֡
֣ʵͷһִ֣ýڹŴֻܼϣڴȻ콵֣Ϊʪĳǡǡƻȳ棬غˮ̫߻ȳѣ
ʱѾֵ֪ķ
ɡд󺵣Żȳ֣֮껹Ӱ죬ΪȳѣЩڴ֡
֮ǰ仯ֻʳǻȴһط˳ʧȥׯںʳûһҸС֡
ԣ֪̩ϷмСֵĹֿ̾µĳӾͻᵽ̩ϱǰҲûз£ⶼѪĽѵ
˶ɫأѪĽѵԹأ֣ʲô취ǰҲûԹ̡̲ȵȣȫûЧŰŰ
ϷСֲȫĶСֲ˵Сڳʱգȳ̩Űڸɺļ̩꣬ڻȳǨͷֲֳСڻȳ֮ǰջһ
˵Сһͬڳջ
£һҲܸߡ£¾ջ񣬿Ըڻȳ浽֮ǰ
ַԣȱ㣬һһȾֹֻͣǴ֣ĳգ֣աһǣһֲ˲ӣֲضաоǣӵھ治ѿ˾ͻж
Ȼƽ󻹸ߣڸбȻƽ󻹺ãȱҲһԡΪʣϷֲ
뿴ǹҵıӣǰ
Ȼ˾ͿʼǲϷһ¡һȱ㻹ãȻ̩ļֳȣǲǻдֲȱȫ㲻ȱ㡣ȱ㣬ѿжѿûⲻ֣ЩûжֻҪ֪һעһ㣬û
ϵ
鷳ǵڶȱ㣬һֱӿաҪ˭ҿԷֲǲͺ˻һ
ӵ£˵ôһϳԥʡ
ҡҡͷǲģʵһ㣬ٷʡ
Ҿһ࿴£ΪӵֲĿٲȻȳ治̩ĿԴ󡣻ȳ涢ϣһա
ͷʧΪһ취
֮˼ֿԱʳİ취ϲסһֿǸ⣬μٻֻɵʧߣμֵĳ̶ȣȴûκһ˿ڡ
Ǳ̸ܶĲ֪ʲô취
ҲãȻһҪûʲôϺõȳķӡ֪ģǵĳվˢĵĻۣҶ֪ĳվ˾רңҲ֪Щûá
£˵һЩԼٻȳİ취ҲȷЧΣԳһ¡ԥһŵĻһΡ
һҪľ塢ײīʣһ£ȳԳΪֵԭ򡣺ܼ򵥣ȳѣ㹻ĻȳѡһֻԻȳһξ¼ʮöѣҲԱ֡Щһ֮ͻϷܡ
Ǵ겻ٸɺǶ꣬ˮȳѣǱˣϣɺֻһ꣬Դ괺ȳٴγ֡ǳԹϷҵʳϣļ̩ܵļ̩꣬һϼѵķֳءȻȳһ£ֱĩ꼾ٲŻʧ
ѵʱļΪǱģǲ˼ҼɱӣԱҲҪôʩҽ飬ڶ֮ǰ
·һΣҵǰѵµɢѩᶳĳѣȳ档ǵһְ취
һҷû˷Ի߷Ǿͼ
Σȳʲôȳ֣ÿζڸɺ֮ΪʲôһΪɺʳȱȳܻӰ仯̬ǿԳ֮ΪȺӻиԵӻɫ˻ƺɫӷֿһֻһֻɾۼһȺһȺ
ɺ»ȳȱСкܶදԻȳΪʳࡢܡǽɺ֮ʧȳûУͻ޼ɵܡ
ʵһרԻȳġ䣨ҪȽϳʪĻܴڡһɺֿԿƻȳ䣨ͺáȳһˡ
󽲵ϸϸýζǾϲӷݣǸоرףرҲر˵ԡˣͻὨĸҷ涼ῼǵ̡
ִ˵ǸɻҺԡ
ʵִ˵Ľָ֮һýɵɣ⣬ϰߣҲ˵߼˼ά
һǰ˶ֻǹƴǱʼǡ
ǾãȻһ˻ֳ͵ԭôǲǽ͸˵ֵİ취ˣ
ûв´߿ʼһһķȥԿ֡
ԣǿԿȳ֣һĻǾǸɺΪɺͣȻŵʪĵǨ㣬;ǻ/¶ѡ»ֳϣɾ޴ʧ
ϣˮϴأïܲľǵزʺǷֳǿΪû/¶ĻҲǣغӵ
˹ˮߣǿˮϵͳһˮ½٣Ҳ㹻ˮ֣ǲڻȳֳĻ
ȻǴ󹤳̣һ꿴ЧǳԶԿֺͻо޴Чԣ¡
סǮӣ֪ԼֵûǮˣҲһһʻǺͿĹˮϵͳһ۵Ӹ⣬һһˡ
ܾܾô˿ţԾܾ
ŹС˵һΡ
·һһ°ѹ¾Ȼˡ԰ˣԴԴϵˡʳר꿪̩ǮԴԴϽ뵽Ŀڴ
ѪԼĺӣϵΪԺ̩񲻱ȳֺܱסԼʳ˹϶Ҫޡ
û˵޹ˮϵͳⶫ̫ķʯͷˮ࣬ǿһоե֮һķĹϷܾһǺüУôݳ޹ˮϵͳ¾Լò𡣵˹ǿԵģеǡ
ˮԴ޽˹ҲͿˣתص֮ǰĻϣˮֲ֣ľïܣԴӸȳĿǰ˵ЩʩЧҪһЩʱ䡣ôڻʲôİ취ԺЧĶƻȳеġ
ڰײдһ֣ӻȳС
лҪ˵ԭ̩ôߵͷأģϷ֣ߣ̳˳⣬Ҫ̩
ȻڰƵֵ⣬ֵߵģóöҩ̳ҪֵߣϱӾͲᱻˣT.T
ǰĽָʵǺ֡Ϣը֪ʶͺ˼룬ְԺ
ǿԸ񡣳˵һĽָ󲿷СʹӴ~
˵ģǿƵģַӽҸ壬ģҲ沨ǰƾͻЭͶһƽ⣬ȥı䣬ǺܼᶨĳһĿǰ

ǹڻƶȣƲĻƶȣҲͬӣѡȨֹʿΪǹڼ䣬ǶʮСʱְҵڣȨҪǹڼ䰴ŰƵĹ£Ժ󣬰ǲܵģҲ
ӺӵȨǶȳСʹŮǶȳֻì󹲴档ָûԼѹŮԣֻ˵аɣÿ˽ǶȲһ
Ϊ˻Ůˣÿλ͸
ΪŮԺõķʽѧϰǹսǽϵлȥѪᣬӵʲȨЩʲȨʲôǵǹǱԼʤʵ
ҲǡŮȨǡȨŮΪˣӦЩȨпƽȨ˸ı䲻ŮԵĵλֻŮԼԣҪԼȥȥƴԼĽɽȹ̡
ΪʲôƲվŮԽǶȶ࿼ǻʽŮԵѹȣΪʲôҪΪûĺӰŮԵȨҲһ±ƣʲô£˭Ķ
ߣƣˣ㲻ɰˣǸwsn
ƣ

öճֻУҪ£Կ־õķǿԼĺúö飬ΪԼڶ飬úùΪԼδڹúȫְҲҪʱ̳ʵԼ־ҪзгҲǮ½飿
кҪǣǰС
ǰ졢ǰй˽⣨ͥá飩ԼǺϵġ
ÿһ˭ĴŮìԱìҾͱ꣬ҺЩоܵĹòΪŮòøΪûᾺǻ޲׼ôҪлǰƲȶ룬λ룬־ܽ¸ϱϵɥż˦СǹȨƵŮ˶
ҪʣΪʲôܲ÷Ҳأѽ᲻ã˵᲻СܶŮԶ鷺ģ᲻᲻ǸΨû᲻Լ˵һپ㲻Ҳ˽ҵĿԣڸѡˣҪȥס
ǮûǮûϣӵģ
ֻһ֣Ϊ˽ǲΪūûнò˼롣
оֻл¥ˣˬС˵Щ˽ɵģѾƽ
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ʵλҪҪҾ˺ܾãΪܶСʹ쵥ءϣܹȫȥһЩ⣬˼ջ
΢ЦӭӼղѩɡ

¥һֻ׻ûйСͻȻһĳСɰͣ¹ŵˣȻһֳŮһ񱼣СҲһ·
Ȼڰ·ˣһ꺰ߡ޹ǣ˾ǹ
ллҵֺ֧ͷԣ~
ȳ棺ιҵأ
ߣҶҪŰڵ̯㻹Ҫʲô棿


108 108 

ʦźڰ, һͷ⣺ȳʲô
ոս, λ۹۱ǱǹģͷԼЬ, ǲ̧ͷӡ
ѧˡ
ȳҪ, ҰͼѼ, ܡǵ򵥣Բ, Լֳ
һܷİ취, ǾϷũֳѼӣѼԳԻȳ, ʱ, һֻһܳԵĻȳץһ춼ࡣ
ڼѼ滮һߣʾص㡣
ҪѼأѼʳѺͳ, Ѽмеļ۸Ҳ, һС˾Ϳ
ҾֻѼкֻеϷȥ, һͥ嵽ʮֻ, ԴϷССѼΪ׼ȵβʱũͥһ뼦Ѽңĵ, ʣµļѼǡ
ڰײžžд£Ѽƻ
ʵǣ˱ֻССѼӣǵССѼһ·, 󵽴ϷĿһ붼˳ֻβܻһֻĳѼӺͼûκͶȴջô࣬˵ȫûʧ
ѼӺͼũ˵˳еѼ缦ʧãս͡ȻǰҪֳѼҪѰһЩѡӺͲʳιʳʱ˹ɱɱܵͣӺܻüѼͽһļѼǸ
ĳ̶ֳ˵󸶳ϣũ񸶳Ͷ裬˫Ӯ
ȻѼԻȳ棿
һʵضûȨΪĲ֪ѼԻȳ档
ͷӵ˵ǣѼҲʳӣȳǳ棬ôͲܳԣϱũׯҲһǧѼмũ
캮֮ǰ͹ȥˡ
ллˡЩ˵ģΣ»ٿ˵
࿶ңȻ֮һֱ˵ֻۣ֪ʵЧΣ˻ǿٸϣһһ㣬ܿ˼ǧֻССѼһ룬ǧ
̡
ʵһȺˣƴ֣ѼСûз˵ֱ͸ũûˡ
֮ǰķʽǴССѼʱ򣬿µϡΪũӿҲùûжʳιѼҲϡ
ѼҲ򵥣һЩݾҶũϼֱţһë˶ͬ
гѼΪ˰ũ񡣷ǻƽ⣬ƾʲôϷũУûСټϣгķʽҲϷũİõĽЩѼӡҲһǲ㴦ѼӺͼ͵͵˽³Ե֮ġ
˵Լ󣬴ٸ˳㷢ԡ
ܼ򵥣ഢһʳһϷ֣ٻЩʳ֡ͳһʾһЩƣҲٷȼ
ȻҲһ̬ƣഢʳȻǴʳΪ֣ΣûϵЩȨ󴢴ʳҪΪ˱֤ԼĳáһЩеʳĴ㣬㲻˵ǲܱ֡
Ϊ⣬Ϊ̩å
֪ʳǿա֪ʳҪʳ
ǵȻԲֻҪס˵СۡͱʱҲĳ˷Ӷ޹޺վһĲֻɧɧȣȡ
ǲôɣ̩˷Ĵ¶Ҫ飬һǼ˾˵ĻأΪʳֵ
óӦԷ󣬻ԲˡԼ๾еĶӣ׼뿪°ס
ӣ֪γ£Ǳ߳Աġ
ֻŵȥ˵ԼڹߡʵλɳķӵĸӦѾ˵һ飬ܹϸİ汾
û뵽µĵһǣӿûγԣȻ𣿡
󣺡ţ
˭
˭ң
ͼͣȴԹԴһϵеĲӾ̫̫ˡ
Ȼһֱ˵ɹαżڴǰĿԴԴϲҳɱʱ򣬹Ǻܸӵġ
Ǽһֻ½𵰵ĸһγÿ춼½ӡαȽӻأο̩˱ýǿ׳
ǰÿ磬϶˯š̩ܵԼϡˣˣص磬óһƷҲ㹻
µ̩Ҳģһῴܺɳķɳķһ̩Ӻ͸λߵİ£ǻ̩ԽԽá
ĸл󣬱Ĳ˵û̩ܾʳϻ֣δƽϱһǾ֮֡
һԼΣŻһڹ̣õһ⳥ʳڵ󡣵ԹԼľ飬**Թ˲Ͼʱ򣬾ҪӮܼѡǲѵ²ߡ
£ڳ⿴ܶСé֪ʲôתƻ⣬˵ˣûޡ
Ƿϳء˵ڿѾ֪
ϵĺôǰѡ׸ѡӸѶ鶪ȥ㷢ͣһЩ֦Ҷ׼ʱáһϹ޵˵Ǳǰ˺ܶࡣҺţҲ㹻á
󵹾Ǻ£˻Ҳء
ùͺͻȥˣѾʰҲһһȥǺߵز
ϴ֮ſڴϣһȥ˴꣬һ뻹ԼҺãҪʲôֳɵġǳҪʲôûС
ֻҪſһû뵽ô˯ţ۾һѾˡ
ϴˢֱӰʳӰᵽķʳζ㣬ĶЩԣϸһǺţ⣬ٴϳôģô
£˹˷Ըģ˵ҪԺ⡣һţŹǡ
ԣҡҪ˵ǣȻԼһ˹ĻŶҪԵġ˹أ
˹һȥˡ
Ҫ˵ۿڳд˾ɡͷʼƷͣѵһ԰׷ţ⡣һôģǲ֪Ϊʲôĺţһ㲻壬ֻŨ˱ǡ
ʱ˹̫Լʦһ·š
Ȩ·֮Ͳ̫ˣϾͽˣҲʼãܶûǰһҪ˵ȨǵȻܡֻǴٿף̩Ӧ˵ֻ̨˶ҲŻὡɳȥ
˹ʮ꣬оͣѵõ磬˵Ļһ۵˷Ц
˹˽ۿڵĺ˾飬ǹΡ
ʲôʱͻȻʡ
˹һ㶣ָ߬
ºЦţӵסһ¿ʱû׼
ٵͷһǷģҲδʧ
˹˵ֻվ
գӵ´ֱӵ˻ҡԼĺӣϷĹֻ֣̩Ҳյ·ֻ̡ϷҲҪ֡Ϊ¡
Ȼ֪ºأ뵽İ취ѾԹЧ֮ӵ¸䲻ܳ׽ȴЧᡣЩɹ˺̩ٲηȳʨȺ
㹻̡ȻԸӡһϲһϿһƬֻӴһ㣬ͻʧ˻۷׷ףССȱڣҲõĵطصĵӣʲô¿ʲô²Ӧñ
һ˫Ĥɫ۾ؿ˹ھǿСȱڣ˹
лҪ˵٣һǮ뿪Ӱɡ
С׵ģ
ƣһǮǲһ㣿
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109 109 

ɬļ, ˹֪ηԼʦ
˺һ, ֻǺɶһ棬˵ʲô׼һ, Ժ, Ǻս׵顣, ñ˶ⴧͳЦ׼ֻ׼Ͳˡ
ܵ˺·޷ġ
Ȼ˷ȴҲǾ޿ܡ
ʦ, ʮʱ, Ҫȥ˶, ʱûз, Ҫ͵һֱһǱҪǿҼᶨ޷֤, ӵ²ܵ˺, ʲôҶվǰ档е, ҡ
˹Ĳɫ۾һִɽһļᶨ, ʦԣĸ׷ԣ˶ԡֻҪϲ, һֱվߡ
̾˿ͣܶණͿˣ˵Ҳ, 鰮ҲáǲԼĵӺԼõһ
ֻ˵/¾һ䡣Уĳһ볡ʱʰԼ飬ԺȻеĽʺͽӴ
ңڴٿӵʮֵ¶˹СĵͷŮ鰮ĵĶ̸ˡǶȳپ˹ΪĺĿԾԱӴöࡣ
һգӵܵ˺Ǿ޴ġ
ԧ죬ԵԼ̱˵Ӱѹһ
˼Ƭ̣ҵλãұϿ֮ǰ²˵ȥҪӣܸбʱ㡭ܲˡ
ңҪ㷢ģӵû˵֮ǰڵߡĳһˣҲҪ֡
ʲôжΨ
Ψǣ䲻ӣκϲ㣬޿κ˶ΡӻϲʱϲϲùԹ԰ݺˡӲϲʱ߲˶ùԹ뿪ҪһԸΪ׼
ֳʲôʦ˹ȴֻимһʼΪʦֱӰȴ϶ȥɳĮء
ллʦ̫ǰģ¡
ѣѣǲһʼͼıˣĪӵǱֿˣ
뵽Ǿ˹ͽչӵľֻθۣ۾ӻ֣߰߰ɣڿ;
˹ҪߣȻһ£ҪһѧУںգСɮô׼ʮµĺӴȥõѡԼѧ㶫Ҳͦõġ
ѧգǵҲٵͷ߰ɣЩŮӣҲ߰ɡ
кܶˣǸ˼ŮӡЩŮӿ׬ǮԼṩסʳȡá
ʵһʼû˵ģЩŮԼƶĵطס⣬û˱ú⣬ʧȥǮƶʲôʬڽ䡣һٿճһӹЩŮסǺܶû˱ӻŮˣǰһǮȡӻסޣ֮չˡ
ٸ˲ϲˣΪǸϣᳫˡ˵ĴڣƻʥԡѾǴͳˣֲһ˾˵ǲܴˡȻЩ޼ҿɹŮ˺ǵĺӸߡ
Ǵٵһֱ뷨ǲɹĵط˺Щĺӣֻƻʥ
ԣ
˵ҪЩȥѧգͬ⣬˹ЩҲߡѧգԺ·Լˡ
˹صסһȺΧţæ
һ˶ɢˣ˹߹˯ÿɰ
һ¾ϵĺţˣû뵽һһ˵СҲôã˼ǹϵĸоã
ܺãأ
Ҳܺá
žûˣеɵɵض룬̲סЦϵĺţ⡣Ĵָ˹䡣˼˵ڵĸлַʽʾ
Ҫ˵һ㣬ûв⡣ǿǻ⣬ǸðĴ
˹ʧЦǣֲСӣôأҲˣպýµţ⣬һЩһһ롣
ҲЦˣǲ˼ġ
ʹٸ˵ʲô𣿻ʱôЩ㱵ӣ
˹һ㶣ˣ
ȻһҾͿˡʱ̫࣬û㡣˵Ȼ
˹һů
ʦٽϸһЩ˹ؾЩС鷳ȻǵĸӰ죬ûҪ˵װ׵һ
Ϊ˵˹һ˾飬ο˹ٸΪ㣬Żϸ񡣡
סȥᣬΪֵô˹±֪ˣûʸ񿪻ġ翪ʼ׼索ʳԼʳ
ǰ淢ĻֵľǣĿԲܣʳһҪһ㣬ٶ¶ǲá
ǿʦĿǣӦøһЩЧĽ顣ʲô飿
ĿԶԿ
Ǳ׳
ûü˹˵˹˵һЩȻ˵Щǰסĵط۵ģܱ֤
˹ĸпһ֪ʶӴֶ˵ũ޷һṩֻСѼֻСҪһЩˡҪţũò࣬ũҲûֻССѼĵһЩҲûּĵ
ѾȥˡûУܴƳһ
󲢲ǺܼũԳֻң׼չֻ
ҲصģʣµĶǴɿ״Ǽϡ
׼һԵĲҩвβûǿҲҪͳһϴɹԱ֤иССѼԻŵϷȥ
ֵ飬ֻ׼˭֪ô룬Һǽ꣬Ҷ㹻ʳˣҲôġǼǰܵУǲŽᡣ
ңǿƼʱҪҲֻ͸ơڴȻǰֻܱҪ׼֮ͽ˰ɡ
𣺡˹꽫̩ļתһ𣿡·ʱպϷ˵ͻײ
ȥһ˹˵
̩һЩ˵óתһ飬·ϲ飬ҲҪʱ䡣˹ָ̫ذ֮ãЩȥʦĻǼΣУܸ֤ԼгΪٵͲܹϲһ
ֻΣУ˹ҲСҲĳһջһֻҲûãֻǿԼ
˹һֱţֻҪԼ
㹻㹻Ͳ׽תƵط
ͻȻ뿪꣬һġֱ׵˵ֹ˹Ҳᵣ
£ҵĽŲںηҵ
պռ룬μΪܵĻֶ˼£ٵϵعǰϣѲҪ̩ϣܱ
һյ磬һװ˼ѼϵĳӸũǰϷҲһֱϱߵչССѼƽ֪Ҫ飬Ƕڿֵػȼʱ䡣
ƶߵ˻оһ㲻ԣΪ·ŵľȼȥ֮һǲȥɣ׵ķմ㹻ʳǲٽпȼ졣
͹ȥĶҪһЩһЩ״Сһһߡ߲Σʵʺ̩أĲ׸ߣӦҲá
Ȼ׼ϷֲˣԼҲһЩĥۣųҲܺóԡ
ŽٰһᣬҿĿġΪֵ飬Ҳû˼ˣɴÿһ޽ͺһΪ
֮󣬽ͷĽƽ˵γǺ͸ۿڵɹιҲ˵ÿ»м͹Щһ͵ר꣬۸һ㣬ǹӦһϲʿֵǼ˿ڶ࣬δ󻧡
ľڼȺʳź¹ʱϷ˲̫õϢ
ǻ֣ͻйءϷҵӿ߾Ϸһ·ʳϷ̩˲˾޴в
ϷٺͳѾֿͷɱ̩Эʳô࣬Ҿ
öǰС£
ϷȣΪԽԽ಻мܣ
ɱȥ
лҪ˵Сϲһ
ǣҵأ
ƣϲһ
ǣúãϲ~


110 110 

óʳҩ
Ŷ, Ҫ, Ǿȼñģǹӵ, һ·ûԻΪʲôԭˡһֶҩ, ͿĨ, ˵˿ڻϡ
̩ոմӼϷũ, ոճζ, Ǹʥͼ̩յʳˣοʥҲǿ, ٿ, Ҳûϵ
Լ, Щר̩˵, ôȥԼĹ壿ɲЩû
壬ܾ, ڹգǡȻԼ, Ǿͳе֮һк
кþƣеǹӹ
Ҳѹ˺ܶ, һҪǵãˣߡøɴһ·¯, Ҫúܾõġ
һιȥɳķӺɳ˹ȥŹ
ɳӧȵĹԸн˹޵̰ӣʳ㡣
ӶĹǮȹӶƽӺ㣬̩ĵضֲ࣬Щĵϣֶ֣ЩĹ齵̩Ҳǲܽܡ
ɳһʼǳ̩һ̩Ϊ׼ǰ£Ҳչ˺ȵľ񡣺Ҳǻֵ֮ܺһҺС̩һֲ֣ȫΧ֣ԽȰյŻܲù
ԼΧڣɳҪʹѰһ·
ҲǸδĵһһӣҵûŴ
̩ߣ
ȻԵũߵ񣬵ҪȥҲС˶Էɳķӵ˿ʼ׼һҩ
ҩǱϵģҶơ
ЩʱûʹüЩҩˣΪܶҩҩȱģһЩûˡһ˺ܶµļ˾Ҳ˺ܶƳƷҩҪľҽܽѵϴ˿ڡʹʲôҩҪεȵȡ
˹һߺ;ҽ⣬һ˹šѧš
һγ˹һСֱսǰź󷽹ҪԵΣҪɳķӵСһЩ
СûС
㹻ߣǵġĵķʽǣЩȷѧһˣܿԾȡ
սĴ̼£Ū˷ʳƷŪ˻ʺЯҹϮı
Ĳֽ«έ֬ãȻȼһͲʱѸӸϣȼϾʹһְȼ״̬ʹõʱ򿪣һȼ
ӵĲ϶ֳɵģľͲһʱ䡣˼ʮӳ˹ָһ׹״Զ
һҪƽƽ֮ǰֱ££Ķ񣬡ڿĺϢ
·ģһᱣԼġ˹һöָ󣬡ҵӡǽָʲôҲңֱӴˡ
ͷĽָǽָǸҪӡΪ־ģӡ¡һö˹̳˹ӡ£ǳҪӲ
˹󣬾ͺԼҲһ
ˣǸˡǡ
˹

ǰͷɳķӺɳȺҡҡ֣ǺƺƵľӺ;ʡϣúݡ׸ѡͲ񲼣йߣҩ໹ʿʳ
ṩ䷽ƬС۳ۡ⻹кܶױʡһҡһһ㳦Ϻɡ˸ɡûʱԷǿֱˮһһƬܳˣζɣܼһΡ㳦Ƭ֮ġ
־ζһ㣬˵ϺóԡǰʿûʱԷֻܸɽˮôõ
Ӻܿͳˡ
۷׷ףҪΪʲôģ
һЩ˵ࣺһΪϷһֵ顣
֪ϱЩҽ귢ˣʳգǾ̩ˣӾΪ
ߵֺʲôϵΪʲôҪǵʳѵǰʱҲȥǵʳǿǿ
ʵϣʳһ·ʱ򣬹ͨսӱȡʳġȿȣȲ˵ˡ
ʳرأ̩˻ûԱأͼǼʳǿ̣벻̣
ʱӿһɲξȳһΪԼļ԰Ϊ˸õǰ̡Բʶֵ̩˶ԣξ׸ı׼;Ϊ̩ʿܺãء
յ֪Ȼƽһʱ䲢࣬ϾԶ£ͻȻ˹ȥսˣЩꡣ
ʵ뿪ʱҲûкߺ᲻ǻصûõʱ򣬻Էʱ򿴵Ͽյλɢ
ʱ򿴵ðһǶ÷߻ûֻ
ʱˣԼһŶûʲô£ȰѧУĵַҺá
һʼ׼Լ޷ӣǺһשӣשҲȡѲݸһϣˤѹãɣשӡ
ʯͷӣ̫ߣܲ𡣴ӹãܴܲһֻ޶ëҪ޶ͺƤˡ
ԣѡֳɵġ
ڳȫǴӣǴٹסԽǿԽǾ޴һַû˾סģǵıԺǺüԺȥٵ˵ľլӡ
ˣоеγǵٵķӡ˶ûˣⷿҲ鹫ˣĿǰû˾סȥתһȦڳǵһϣǺܴһٶĶأǿӣѧϿҲ㡣
涼޺õһ㽨שľͷģܶ࣬ȫǰҪΪʹãΪδסѧᡣ
Ӿͺܺʣˡ
»ֱʹãΪû˴ĲݴԵúưܡ̨ļҲ乫ˣⷿ߳ռˣǶ죬Īһֹݵĸо
Ҫɨһ飬޲޲øĽĸĽҪŮҪֿ߲ԡҶ
ɵһЩҾõľãõաʹµģƷҲȫµ׼áһǴ¹´ִʵãռռ䡣
Ҫ˵ϲģȻǡͼݡ
ͷͼж󣿾ڲңҲһӵ鼮ɡʮƽ״֣һżӣ涼һ
Ƥֽǳ
Ҳһͼݣһרŷд¼Ķͯ£һӷŸɣ˹˽ղأһӷĸ񻰴˵Դһдҽҩ鼮ͲַǱ䷽Լȴʩ
٣ôӣǱӺͺͶ붼
͹ڲϺ˹
ѾŪ˹ӡˢȻûֽΪѾȥֽת˺üȦĳùǲҪڹȥĻԻֽĿҪӳԶһҪʺӡˢɲֽš
ڷĳµĲ԰ֽų͡ǰĲǣĳɿһ飬һʱ䣬ĥɽʯˮϴֽ֮š
ǽ֦ʱӳʯˮʱֻǽݣҪ裬ֽ֮žͱȽ׳ͣҲࡣ
ǼĽдӡˢֽֽÿһ˶ֵܷһӣͷǡΡ͵ֽĻռдõġ
ڰѧУ˵˵ѧУĻÿ춼ҪѧбȽͻģ׼ˡɻȱʶֵء
ʵѧѧģδĹˡƣҲ⣬ЩӳɲģЩպΪѧӷѻδĹۡ
һѧĺӣūݣǾǿҪ룬ˣԼ϶ͬˣ⻹˹ŮԼ̫ͽСɮǡ
߰ٶˡһЩǲӦиѧɸѡһָĦָϴһȦֻܲһȦӵĽָ˼
ԴޣȻӦ¼ȡңҲӦṩһЩƽͥĺӡ
Щ
ӵˮƽһҪʲôأ
лҪ˵ռǣ
˹ڼҵһ죬ˣ÷ͷ
˹ڼҵڶ죬ţİܲû˳ԣֲϲܲ
˹ڼҵ죬Ժ÷ˣӣһʲôʱأϷǱߵĻô



111 111 

һöѬʱ, һȦӣ̩߱ȫģ
ӵ¿ġְҵѧУһֵ, Ȧͱɣʹ, СС, һЩѶȡ, ʮµĺӣŮԼĶǰһԡʱʮԺ, Եصӣ
, ְҵѧԺʲô
ΪʲôӵҪ׵ĺ
궥̫ӣ°̯Ǽλ, ǾͿʼ, ְҵѧУʲôʲô, ʲô˼ȵȡ
λ, ˵ЩѧóֱΪӵ¹˵ıͺ˵ѧҵ֮ҵ, һ־һ
̫Щû·ͨͨĿˡ
, ѧնҪǮģǼҳǮ
˶Ķˣ·ܴ, ǾƶһʱűѧϰԷնҪ۵ģʱҪĴءܶ˼ΪŮѧ, ѼţˣǿǼʲɱִһѧ
ҪѧУգ˵һٲͣôܲǮҪǮӵôǮġ
ǸʿЦ˵ǵһʱòǮЩѧϰúͳԷķÿȲԺѧˣʼˣÿµĹ۳֮һһֱΪֹһ˵ҲꡣסĵطҲûУסѧУȥܵͣͬԺ㡣
˵˵ˣʹϻûǮҲûϵҪǴһλᣬҪƶΪϽϰΪûǮЩӣҲģ취ѧˣٻѧѺòͷ
áһǮ࡭
ʿһ֣ȷʵ̫࣬پûһֻţأŵͬһֻһѧܳʦ׬ǮʱһǮͲˡ
ҪƶΪϽϰ仰ݺݴڳĸġһḸ׵۾Ѿ֪ʲôζԼŮҪԼôʧܣ֪ôͨҸŶļͥǺݺݹرյġ
ѵǲ֪ѧһգֵѵǲ֪һѧֻиõǰ̸õĻѵǲ֪ôǶԺӺã
֪
ûã֪ȴһĽֻὫմԼŮǳǸһͷţ߰Ѻ͸˼ҵŮ޿ͬǺѧϰա֣Ǿ͸ˣĽ׼ӴЩȥһʶ֪ųĶ
λˡḸ׺۾ʿǿҲǾڳ⡣
˵ˣݽܾͿԣ񣬻ĴģԡֻҪ˿ˣкŮƶУԡ⽻ϵ˺ҪһԣȥҸĹԱҪ֤ǻῪġ
ʿվԶûֺܴؽϢظһ顣
ʵЩҪʮ֪ϢܶຢӶѾ׼ʮˣҲǡԼˡڲŴ
˵ĴŻЩūͥĺӣ³ŵֱ֮תΪƽӵūݵ˺ٺ٣ܶ˸һӻ֮ضûС
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ĿոմӶת
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ŷ첻֪ʲôʱ͹ˣҶҪȡᡣ
ӣȻͶ˺ܶϰܲĺӣܵˣҧǰ̡һЩԼûʲôĵĺӣΧżǹ٣ǽЩɣûֽͱʣֻôŬ¡
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ִһִӻ࣬ﲻĻоѧ֮ҲкܶѡֻҪŬýѧ׬ǮִĺӣѧУϣԿѧУ˴үү
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ĿЩѣǹ١񣬵һ׼Խ
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ѾͶ֧緿ӸĽҾðȡ˵ÿÿһӪζ㹻вͣÿӵһѧϰߣֽʡīиĹߡȫǮΪЩԵģû˾͵µġ
ƸʦķãЩʦҪʺ͸ġ
ѧУֲֻʦбģԱ̡ˣҲҪʵġ
ҪǣֻһѧУ𣿲ǰʵ׶԰֯ŮͽͷŮĴ⡣ڷ֯ͽͷķֺ죬Ͷ뵽Ե׶԰ˡ
Ƴǵ˰ҲܿɹۣƳҪ޹ˮϵͳˮϵͳ̽Ҳͣ
ҪһѧУѧ࣬ͶࡣҪǻҩױƷ;糡֧ţȥҹˡ˵κǶ׬һʣȻֵͶȥˡܻɹ©ʣܲ¶
ΪʲôҪµԭеһҵҵǹ֮ʽʼҲܴ
Һרעʱʱǹúܿ졣ʮ۾һգ͹ȥˣ׼μӿԵ˾ۼӣͨ糡ĵ·Ľ·ڡ
ѡеĺҪȥ糡пˣѡܵĺӣ
£ȫףÿηᡣʱ׳ڿΪ࿼١ӳˣʼӣԿȥҪһЩºͣǴЦӦýŵĿ
΢һ㡣
Ҫߵѡ֡
ϣ˵ǣĳεĺĳʱٶپϸ񡣵ʵﻹһˣһʧˣѾûлˣǺŬọ̈̄ôԸΪԷʼոһλᡣ
ܿʵһ˵˶
ʵŬҲ츳һ֣޷ΪţǴܳΪ˲š
ӣһѾ˻ÿʮ׾վһʿǻжϿ״̬ǵΪᴩһرĻɫףдݵ֡飬
˶Ϲ֣ҲʿҲûͼԽ߸ſЩʿ׺ͣҲεϾרſһԺļұսı
վϣȹڳĿ佱ҲڸжȻǽһһ˵һ飬ףܹɹ쿪ʤ
ϣһԣʼգ۽ΣŬӮ˲Ҫ˲Ҫ٣һγܣ·ö࣬ܿҪһҪֵ󡣻˶Լ͵˸һЩأ
ϣ˶ӵһδ
˵գһӶС죬һ˷Ӧһ㣬Ҳٸϣֻͷɵվ˰Żع񡣿ǰС鶼ܲˣᣬֻƴ׷ȥ
Χ۵Ŀ˾ȭͷΪǼ͹ľȥܰǰܣ
лҪ˵ƣһ룬ҪĺӹϿԱ壬ƶ͸Уſ۾Ծ۾Ǳؿͣδ󣬰ҹ߿ѧѡ
С¿쳷ڻ


112 112 

ķ, Բ𡣡ʧ, صյߵһ˲ͱˣڵ, ˫, , һֻϺ
ڰ·ѾʶԼˣֻǲаҪŬ, Ǹľ, Ҫһ¡ǵݻǵݣվΪ
ĸĸΧ, ֪Ӧΰο, Ѿˣֻ̫, һʼûзӺ, ˼̬֮Ҳûס
ĸ׵ĳ˳Լɷ, Ϊ׵İȴֻǶ, Ķӵı
ʲôȥѼˣѧʲô
ס, ΪҪѧ°һֱûͬ⡣Ǽ׬ǮҲз֯ǲԷȥ, ǵǮʵڲȥѧա̫ˣʲôûУֻһֻĸ򣬿顣
򿴵úͱһԼûʳԱôھΪҪѧգȴ˵ڣοĻᣬҲΨһһλᡣ
޾ȵ̧ͷһĸףϵչѧǾѧɡ
޸ոջûпޣʱһ仰һʧأǼƣỹϵһ𣺡Բ𣬰֡
̾˿ּһֻȥһգֻ»ȥ￴ǲԵʲôԵһЩĶͺˡ
˺ܶ࣬ʲôû˵ֻӵͷ
֮󻹲ߣǴԭءҲԭأؿˣ˳ɹʧܣ˿˳ȴ׷һʼƴ·硢ϲ硢־綼ڴݡ
̫ˣվĵطԽԽ࣬ȥȻ
һˡǸ˻عͷһ˫۾Ц⣺û°ɣ
һ㶣̹
ûϵӶǸ˵żע
ķ˵ǰԼӵκõġСǸӰһССɥȥӵ¿ѧУˡ
һʱ䣬ȫ˽Χ۵˻δǶɼ
óһŵӣһһ֣ÿǰһΪ˵ظģơ¸ҡǿ׳֯ӡ˼
޿ŵõʸһ˸߲ң˵ѹΧůվȺȴֹµҪԵԼһ㣬ҪЦһЦϧЦ
뿪㣬ޣ㻹лᡣοԼ㿴ؼ֮лѧա
һߣѾкϸߵ࣬ٶˣʮ֮һʱóһ±ֵĿͬ¼ȡˣΪǵļ͡䡢˵
һ̧ͷ֪Ϊʲôôһ˿˿ϣϸϸôǺڰĹ⡣
һΪǵ֣һѧѼ롣ڶĿΪûڹ涨ʱܵյ㣬ԣһѧѻճһѧϰ󣬻տˣѧμӣѧѼ롣ϣҼŬҪиѧϰˮۣˣ͸ңҹ㡣
֮ӵ¿ʼڶѧ֣еôϲͲ˵ˣһ塣Ҿֲ֮øˡ
˫սָġʱֳӵµ
«έ
ޡ
𣿡ʶȥԼɷҪһȷĲǻþȴְҲһãȻͲ˼顣
«έһԵ𣿡ͰһĽַھҲ˽
ıãȻϲٵҲǼӵ顣ճȭͷûˣ«έμӿԵֻһޣҶӡ
ߵСȺΧЩΪˣЩᣬЩʧҲûȫ̵ģְռֱû˵
ΣˣѾ֡ڶȵһ٣ⲻ֣ܶʶԼʧ֮ǾֱӷˡķʽֶǽһģǾǴһصĻᡣ
һʼ˵ܼọ̈̄󲻿ϷִŵˣбŴܶûףˣִź;ǿΪӮȡһλᡣ
ץסǸ˿ĿͼӵǼҪϲ
أݺֱȥϻҺڵ޵һʱȥеĹˣǸˡ
˻ʹ޵ʱѾ뿪ˣ˵Ǽֳģ᲻ֵǮ
Gأ
ȥѰﻹѰõ
ֳһ곤Ů٣ֳ֡žž»ơ֪ΪʲôҾͰˡߵ˰ȻطҲ
»ȥѧϣǰźõʦȥˣʲôʣ˵֮ҡϸˣ˵ˣûңǲ˷ʱȥشġ
˵֮һܣȻصͷΣŮ٣ԭ̵ɳķӵ£ӵµ룬ԺѧУ
̵ѧء
仰ԼݣŮ٣ԭɳķӣڸѧ
۾ԲˣƽʱѣȻҪ̵ǵĺӵ°ѧУȻʦ
̫˼ˡ
ԭΪԼܵѾⱲӿ߼ãû뵽Ըߡ
ֳһ¸ӰˣҴҴΨִλŮٴˡ
ο˶ͣߣżתӽĻ
ɳķӵķ裬ҲŮܼҵŮ١ʱ帾ŮԼιСķ費ι̣һ㶼ǹͥӣϻȥݵĹ帾Ů
ķ곤Ů٣ϣ˵ܺã˵ԼҪһϣжȵŮ٣ܶ๬ŮƼ֪ڼ֮ȥΪ̵Σѧ
ҲɣλŮٸһԼְλͻȻصżҳ̵ļƤëС£Ҳ൱ͷһҪ¹ʲ̫ߣչ˵Ķƽͥĺӣͬˡ
ͬķݵݵ԰ȵȡԼºཱིܶˣԭǹ͢ˣб֤ѡ̵ǿģһһÿγ̡
һʦʮϣǾḻԺӸģԼ۱Ⱥܸߡ
ҵڶȻΧĶƽһЩ˺Ĵֱɺӣ⡣
б¼ȡĺӣϲǣǻΪְҵѧԺĵһѧѧУľࡢʯࡢսࡢ֯ࡢֳ࡭Ⱦ͵Ŀγ̡ÿγ̷꼶һ꼶ࡣÿӿԼѡһγΪԼޣѡһΪȤޣÿ
ӶҪѧϰ񶷼ɺͼд
γһֽһۣ˵ÿһĩʱ򣬷ռ֮ǰѧУһտˡѧѧϰѧǻȥ
տ˺ÿ༶ʦжϣ˭ѾڵԲμӹˣͻᱨ£ɵͳһһοˡ˲ɹȥѧϰ˳ɹһöĽ£ѧ֣ѧѧϰרҵѧУ֡˵ѾǱϿɵĽˣԹˡ
˵ֿһֽšⶼ֮ǰ¼ݣȽƫԼ䡣
Ҫý²ףпγ̶ҪſԡûʱϢ̫ɹ֮ǰҪѧУгܵĻֱ˿ʼӣҪ԰༶ѧϰһֱ̫ɽʱǿԻؼҡÿ죬ǿϢһ죬ʱ٣һ겻ܳʮ졣
ʵĿĻΣβ˵ԺԼһԾ֪ˣûлĺҪѧЩдǿɲ̫ס
ѧϰҪѧУĹأܡáǾԲġƻص˺˻ᱻߡһ㣬ѧУ̸ֹ˵ѧϰģ˵ġҪˣԣѧһõҵ
ƶ˷ǳϸУ棬γ̸ǰʱ䱻ѹե㡣ѧûʱ붫ÿ춼зҵ
ʵʱĽǺܿɵģΪûгΪϵһʦӣ󻷾Ƚɣ˹ǶҪ̫ߵ͡
ҲҵŮû̶ֳȵľϸ뵽˿ʱ˵Ļ͵ʱϵı顣
ǺЩߵĺӲһЩһͺŽףҲԴÿշǿѾƻ
ơЩӣҪǲŬԺôǵĸĸܰôǵĸĸԶҲгкȵʲô
ûʸŬ
κȻˣȺѧһΪǱײ㣬Ҫ̶ֹˣֻŬ
ղŲᡣ
лҪ˵ƣ᲻ֵǮ
Сֵġ


113 113 

ӣѩ׷ɵʱ, ѧѾ˳ѧ
һЩסúԶĺ, ʵ˶ĺӣѡסޡѧУṩ, ŵһ, ĵһ١߶ĺһֻԾŵһ, ȻҲѡʳṩһˮʡ
˳콫δʱ򿴵Ҵ·ϵĺӣҲ̫ɽʱһȺӿĺӡǵĲһɫ, ǾǿһѧУѧ
, Ժ㳤ˣһ, òãָǶԼ˵
һʼҲ, ǸʦѧϰôôҪŪһѧУܵЩͬˡʦֵѧϰĺ, ѧУĺ, Ի綼һ
ʦֵѧϰڿ, Ҫʦϲ, ϲŻһ㡣ҳգʦǲ̱ĶģЩԼ, ôѧ
ѧУѧʦͳһĿΣΪ˭׾಻ὲĻ͹ⲻ̻ٽ̡·, ʦܵ𷣡
ѧУÿʦԼģѧһȴҪѧϰţÿһѧһڣһڣдһڣһڡʵοԲѡǾпʱˣǼкӶѡ˸ΡΨûѡĺӣ˵ȥ֮ͱĸŮ˫ˡ
ɵѧǳԿӰ׸㶼񣬾Ǵ
ЩֻϵĿγ̣кܶεĿγ̡磬ɾַԵϰߣɷǰϴֵϰߣѧŶӣѧԽͻȭͷ
һЩУͺϰ߶ŮٸϲẔ̌ĵѲѧУʨѲԼء
ŮĽ̵Σʦͨˡûй۲졯֮ͳѧУһµĴ˵
һУ԰˵Ǵĵӣ;Ǳ˸
Ů٣ǡζĴһͬ㣬Ǿƫáŵƫرԣϲֳɼ㻹رŬġ
ֳһСݵĺӣرϲϲʦҲƫ
⺢ӽ꣬˵ʱ̩ɼһֲˣмûһԥʹ©֪⺢ӴСһξͼסˡ
ţ֮ţԴһǹ
ѵõǣ⺢һ㲻ǫϽò˸񶷿һ㣬ûȱ㡣
һһСҰĺȫһ⺢Ǹ˶꿪ʼڽͷˣΪ͵˴ͷͷһ̡⺢ּѣܴƱ磬ǳó˵˼˵ǡһһ׼ֻβ̫á
˱ݰ࣬ǽӵµС糡ļʦ⺢ӿԳΪʹߣֳʹ˴򽻵ʹߡȻһǺܺõĸ
һʮֳڵĺһŮ˵ǰˣĸˣֱӵ¾Ȼ⺢ӴСݣǴǷѵ飬ﶼܱŵװףǰ˶رŷĻ
ŮٸпֻҪ⺢룬κ¡ּƻִ̫ǿˡ
Ŀǰĺӣһֻ֪ҪԺᣬǰ;
ȱĺӣǾ͸ˣҲΪ̫࣬Բ
ѧУ֮Ͳ̫ˣÿ»ȥһΣȻʣѯһʦǹںӵǳ֮⣬ȫȨиڹѧУλУ
ﻹ
ǺܺƽǵѧУվ͵˴ҵҰ
Ĺˮϵͳȥȫչ͹ˮϵͳ׵ˮϵͳ͹ϵͳ޺վҲ˿˵Ѿϰ˳žȡøɾˮϰȥԼվҲϰÿ³һʱżȥС糡
ǳ˲ĶǴȴѾ˼ʮôֻдԶÿÿΪЩѰ̾ѣȻ󱻿Ц˵С֡
ϰֱ仯Ȼⲻ֣˶ϲӱݺõӦѸ٣벻ǰĿʱҲֻϷǱսϢ΢˴õ
ϷĹ̫թˣȻʿѵȺҺñӢӵʶˡ
ͷβϷ¹ϢϷ̶ӴϢǻϢȻйܼթǱʶˣǵļıûеóѣ˸ƨ
Ǿûл˵Ҫص졣
ܶʿǿ˵ĶŮĸ׺ֵܽãǺǣԶӣҲǵȫ
ǰֻ̩бһγŮɳľɲвǰӿŮѡ/׳Ůԡ
Ҳ˹
˹дŻһۿʼ̫ԣȷ˹ıʼЩʴȥȴΪ˹ˣȻһֱ˵һаá
йʿһ䲻⣬ôô᲻ɼﵷң
˺ܶЧҩôҩ˹صձʲȡ
ǰ˹Լ˵ȫ
ֻٵģһʱҲȥˣֻʹȥҩ
˿ڵģ༴ʱҩһˤڵϾըѵ̣ʪëҲûãȳ˽ҩС
ûڻ˵ԼĲ´ֻ˵ԼĽѧУ﷢ֵĺӡ˹ϲԼȥѡõ
Ҳ˵ڸпʼרꡣ
׼ÿжһٷʳרɳķӵרĽר̸ϡ
ǺһͳһͣǽҪ⿪轴ͷÿжһƽڷ֯Ҳڸпһ˳ֽһµŮԵĹ⣬׶԰ΪŮԲűҲϡ
еר꣬Ķͳһۣƽÿ޶޶۸ܵͣ޶ͻ䰺
ڶѾȥĶڹչʾ̣ܶ˼ѾѧԼˡ˶ļ룬дȡĺ߲˵ӣ̩˵ʳԽԽḻ
Ҳ˻ϰߴר򣬱ȽϷ㣬ұˡ
˹ﻹ˵ƳѾ齨˻ӣƳǿһ㣬ûӰ죬δĻֶӰ졣ﻹɵˮܵ
Ƴǽܶ˼ȥ˵ĿԱֵۣӰҲر
ϷߺܶжѾҲ˼ѼũЩССѼȻ·һϷĴ󲿷ֶˡµϣΪ·һС룬Щܳ£ֳЩѼũ񼸺ûгɱ
Ψһе鷳Ĵ񣬵ǱɳķӺɳֻһȥ޵̰Ӻ˹סˡס񣬻һӾͲΪˡ
бʳ֧Ԯ
˹ָϷĳеδܷĻ֣ɳķӺɳŹţϷûʲôսĿֻ
δĴٺδĹһϷϷһס
˵ݸϷ̩˾޴Ĺ
Ҳ벻ã˵ӵµĲԣϣũ̾ͺؽ˰ţѼ࡭ΪҶãǵģһжеġ
ҴһɳķӵʵľֲͼѼˮԴĵ̰ӺˮҲʼ޽ϷϽ𡮵йΪ塯ģϱпĲš
ս¾Ĳȣõ
Ψһ˹ԸвʵĴǷ¯˰ѣשľ޴¯ÿ춼ð̡˲֪ôΪߵһֱ̩ǳ˵ħ¯˳ԵġԸտʼͶ˺٣Ⱥǿ
ɳһ⣬ÿγսһȺѾ˳ԭйǳнȥ޵̰ӡЩԭչʾԼ⣬˵̩˸Ļʳֿ֮ҥԲű䵭ʧǲˡ
ѻšҩԡƷ衢һӣһһֽľȻʹȥ˹
ǶӣһǴϵĵһӣһֽ˱
ֽ³ģֽ˿дֽţǵһõģʸֽǴֲһЩҲӲһЩʺëմīˮд˹Ǽһһսʿ֣аš
ľһȥĻдһ仰ƽؼҡ
лҪ˵̩Ŀ֣죬ͽʧ֮
ɯ˵ϣǳ̩
̩㹻ȼϺһ棬һǻ̩Ĺҫܾܳúܾá
ƣ˹Ըʷǣ
ͻȻ뵽ǧο̩̩ӣĪп


114 114 

һľ߹, һֱĳʱŵ˹, ʱɱȳ棬ֺĶԿսʽ졣
ĳ, ȳȻϷ, , ʼʳҰĲľĴʮ֮ıŰ
ѼѼϹ˻ȳӰʿӦԴʩʱĻȳûкܶ࣬ɫ, ʱüѼס, ͲΪܶȹɥʬɸֺ
Ѽܿ챻Ϲ, ǿʼʳȳ, һһЩŰĳǵǰһ̲ˡΪȸˮԴһʺľס, Աȸܶ, ʱͼ˲ʳȳĶ顣
ɳķӺɳվǰ棬ǴŸĻȳȥȳ档
ӵ˵, ȳ滹ûб仯ɫʱǿʱһۼ, ɫ仯ȳڲأѼҲ޿κˡ
Ѽȸʿũ񡭡˶˺ͻȳĶ, Σһһ붼˷ѡ
һҪסȳǾۼ仯ÿ˶ôš
һȺ, ǵʿȥȳʱûгҸƻܹ̩һɱȳ档ҧгݣ޲Щ˵ĳӡ
Ǽգȳһһɹû˼켸ҹھ߶Ƚ״̬
һſµĽضһſµ̩ũ˵Ľ㰡ǵǲ۰ĶӺʿǽȳ档ȼʳѼæʲôûУҼҲˣ˶ˣʲôûˡ
˵˵ţ˰ݵҧһֻ
Ļȳ棬˫Ŀ졣
̩ũܺЩʱȴĬһͻȻ˵Լ̩Ϊ̩ˣӵº֡˵δЩ˿̩סǼǻڡ
ȵػعͷ˵ģ
ġ
ǧֻļѼ벻ãȳסˡȻǺܶ࣬ǲûеֵĵز
ɳķóܶͣը˲׽Ļȳ棬ΡЩȳûбɫʳá̩˸³ԳӣοԵĻǻȳ棬Զԡ
˳ըȳ棬ըεĻȳζͳªȫɳָʿѡܳԵĻɫȳ棬ֻܳԵɫʿһըȳ棬϶ģȫûһӺһĹ档
ɳķˣʸУϹ۾ɳֱˣûзʱһӸһ
ɳķӵΪɳġΪһ˵ȺʱҲΪӵһֻɳķӲǺɷ򣬵᱾ܵرԼӡ
֮ɳķһѪһߴʿɱУӷ·ս壬ѵŵõ
ɳû˴ֵʿɱɱɱõأΪ̩һȫߡɱ֮ǰɳķӵĹ֣Ϊɳķӱ˳
ʿ˵ķһߡʿ䣬¹ףңıҪ׷ˡ
ɳֱϵ˿ڣеһӡ
ѵĺ۵õɱɳʱȴûκԥ
ʱŵûɢɳǨŭû뵽Ǹһңɳʲôû˵ʲôû˿Ӱ졣
Ҫּı
ƻĿǰ̩˵ĺƽΪɳĴȺͲǨŭȺ尲Ҳȶ
ɳķЩ⣬ɳҲֻǵڣ̫࣬԰Ϊ̩ϱ߲ҡΪĿģԷϲŭˡ
˵˳Ҳ˳
ŻȳطŰԽԽأ̩ΨһһҴߡطĹԱΪ߾ΪҲֹȳԵ̩߸ǿˡ
ȳ汻̩˿סϢȥ̩ʳϢȥ˷̩ľֻڱ߽紦ĳǡ
ȥ֪гԵģԽԽࡣ
ʱǾֻûйԵһ֣֮нṩʳǿ˹޵̰ӡһֻҪȥԲǿʺϱת
﹥ԺǿıɱٻЩҪֻҪɱ˽ӣƻߣɱ
£һűס
Ҫʳˣ߱˹֯Ĵ͹ʳȱڡеƳǣΪҲ˺ܶʳ
ЩҲĴֻܼϣӵ˵ĸ߲
Һøֲ˶С֮ϷߺܶСǰˣũʧУǱȿյֺ̫ࡣһջʳľͲҡ
һ̩ũվڲԶŻȳڵϺͲҶȥȻ󱻼Ѽһʳ󲿷ѾˣҪڵ£Ѿ׼ˡ
ǰΪʲôЩʳӵȸڲſףǶԵġһũŸЧĻȳ̾Ϊֹ
һȺɹ¾ܴһֻȥһȺ֮
ȳžνһһôʵǰݡ
ǿսϹļѼЩѼˣڶ࣬һսˣԳӵٶȼ졣ũǿЩܳԳļݣЦ۾Ҫг˷졣
Ե㣬Ե㣬ԵЩ
ԭΪʲôҪƴȸΪʲôҪѼֻǺܻеִͷ˼ѼܳԵ㵰һ
һ˾ǴˣȻ׼һжġ
һũһľƣһƶͷӥдʣӵ±ǣʹȳ治ֺǵأʳǵʳʹ޷̩ϣʹسʢĹʵ
ˣľٴοɵĻȳǡ
ӣҲǸѾˣԳܶӷۡҪˣӵ¸ĸ߲
ʮ㣬̩֮أڱŰĻȳҲҪͷ
꣬Ǻɡ
࿹ȳгЧлȳ棬ũԷżļѼϹȥʡһϣ˳ׯڵĳӣֶΪ
Ϊȳͬĵˣܶ˹֮Ĳ죬һ뿹ȳĶ飬̩صľͬЩˣٽͱ˵ĺгԽԽĸԸȥ޵̰Ӻ˹
ǵ̩֣ǺóıһЩôЩ˴סˡ
ȥˣûɳȥʿʧһȻʿȥϧ̩߽֮⡣ڻȳϷɹȥҲʯ󺣡
̩طж
ıȫܽ¡
ʲôȳ̩ûǵ
ʳסˣ˵˵ǵﶼй⣬ƾʲôǵʳУƾǵʳǵʳ㣿
лҪ˵ɳķʺ̩ļ̳ˣǿܷ¼ƽ񣬶ʿ䣬Ӣ¡
ɳʺ̩ĵһɳķеŵȫУߣɳķиһʱվ̩
ǵʱҾ֪˲˽ңϲ׷ȨƣرʵᣬǰӦúܶΪⲻⱾС˵ˡȷʵǺϸľ쵼ߡ˾ƻദ졣
͵һǺʹǣɳķӺɳ˹ӣȱκһ̩ܱڵ̩
öпҵý˿ʷ¼Ƭİˡ
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115 115 

һʼЩ˲, سԼȳǶħʹ, 鶼ֹЩħľӡ̩ôסЩȳ棿ƾʲôƾǸֻϲ͵͵˻𣿡
ˣ˵̩Ӵ˱, ű, òбĻȳԹѱС˵Ŵԡ
ʵʲô, һʼʱҲòף˺ܶȥ̩û, һЩҧĺۼ, ҲһЩȳ棬ǲءЩɢɢĻȳ涼ɫ, ˳, ŲݣȻ䲻һֻȸʳ̩ȸرࡣ
ʵڲ̩ȸôô, һɺ, ǸĹҡ
ȳһ̩ĵؽˣͺŰĻȳάһ˺ܾ, ô, Ҳģǲֻı
ⲻͻãһ, λֱ˾ƱϺú£ȴּϢӦңıҲǸӴĶʲô, ӣĥĹߡǶЩʲôµõġֻҲ˲ܴʲô
ӵ뷨Ǻܶ಻֪˼伲Ȩӵܺλߵ뷨ֶ񶾣ȲİҲİյֻԼӵжٲƸնأжū
ͷβߡ
ǲˣͲԻ޶ãϱİȥǸЩ˵ֻǵΪԼı·
ʲô·ȻӵиءǵģǶ̩Ϸء
ֹֻҪȼȶĵʱԼİͼ˹ͣʹĶƣ̩ʳԣìתƵ
˳ת˺Ȼ̩ҪӦҪȳʱ򣬳˻ռء
ЩԾĹĶƣ⣬Ϊϻ
Ӷʱ俴ЩƲǳɹˣĵҪԡһǲİҪʱվôЩգԸڹѵʱͬңǹ
̩ҳڸ֮ΪбǲбĶǵˣǱԹڵİգ˵ãҲβܡ
һ±̩ȨܣЩгԶ۹ļֵһ󲿷ǸܵʳΣᶯңһңνȨĵλͻܵɺսѾܵȻɵв
£ô᲻мȶᣬҲסǵλأ
Ȼһӵģܶ˺һ
ûݺѪͳΪȻ֪Լô߸ϣŰհƽĺӺ͸ּıʲôġ
֣µͷǻ֣̿Ȼȷʵס˻ȳסʳ
ʵǲԸԸΪתƵģЩ˶١סʵǣ̩ƨûУóԳԸúȺȣ̩ʿԽսԽ£Լľ˲أǸ˵̴ѼðŹˡ
ЩıҲаɳĸȥ̽顣
̩ڸʲôѲʲôı
ɳԼõһרѵͨԣұǲȥִйüεûһʧ
ȥЩ̩ڸʲôθɵòһءתϵĽָ߸ϣ
ǿԼһֻ
ڵϵ˳һźԲԲģϺ˵ģ
ǣˡ
ʱ˹ھϵ֮ǰϢʱ˰شЧҩѾˣֻʹ˾ЧȽϻҩһҩѾˣ̺۶ûСͬʱڲҲһ飬ץ˲ٳӡ
ߺ˹ڸھҲҪľƶ֮ļƻԽߣԽ˳
ҶӱһЩǴ󲿷ֶõġ֪ﳤǻûʲô
ũСٿ˵ͷ
ˣˣ˼ú˺ӣڳһѣһ˶۾Բˡ
̫ˣͳȭͷôСҲмСĶڵص£һھһѣǽӲӵġ
ҵ̫񰡣ϾȻ𣿡
һھũǵѾϲˡȻһʼ˹˵ӵĸ߲ôҲû뵽Ȼܸ߲ز
˾ˣⶫͻƽһ˰ҪĲ㡢˰գʣµĶ㹻һ˳ԣԵʱˡ
˹ͷָӱعԱƽʱѾûжٺƮһˬ
Ҷ֪ϴӵرֹ㴮ûģ˹ά˹ɹһպˬ˹ܲ͡⡯˵ϵ㴮
Ȼܶ˾֪λ˾˺ӵͬͬסüˣʱҲǴӵµףġ
˹ǴҸ԰˵ǳԱرȨǰ
ݼڣ˹Ҳ˺øС
֪֮Ѽࡢ˹̰ӵ⣬Ϊ˼ֵʱ򣬾ɻ󣬻ȫ
ڣεõ˷Ļرֵһα赲ڳ⣬ȻеطׯڱǴ󲿷ֶǲڹһ뿪԰ȥѰᡣ
ԭΪõģʵǣԸá
˴ȳļѼʼµǼÿ춼µЩѾԶԶʧʳļֵڣǵȻʳ
˹ܵǿҵľϲҲû뵽˵ĸ߲Ȼôߵĸ߲ң˵һΣ
ʰˣѡӤȭͷ֣СһЩԼҳԣһҪôúôţҪôɷֻۡǼǵóѿ˶أܳԡ˵ҰѶ˻ȥ֮һԡ˹Ц˵
˵ǿ϶ҪãǾ˲СȺһũ󺰣ҲЦ
ˣ˰˰һһʳũûһüʣµҲܶܶ࣬ൽԲꡣ
һǷŵĵط棬һְķۡ
ǰѴóϴɾƤгϸ˿ϸ˿Ҫϴϴֱˮû֮˿˿ˣʣ»ǵˮóɾˮʣµɹ˾ۡ
ЩƤҲãԳԣǳԲˣΪҲɡ
˰ҲˣеȴС֣Сֱ˳ԣһ㽴ζرãŴľɷۣƤʹ֮˿һɺ޵̰ӵ滹һΡ
ʳʳʿľͰѳ
ڹ̷ͷĹߣϴϴ֣غõӿ
ܹѵǲһѷǺųɳӡŶӺͲӵ˲ʳЩ˿˵˺ͼסء
ǲ¿ֻۣ࣬ҪܳԱ
ɾôһʱҲҪܼܻá
߶ҪʯͷˮкܶŮһͷŲĹЩҲŮڹ
Щ̩ʿȻܲÿһεûп˿ۣһģͨǶӣżвˡΪһĺЩ˾ûԹԵ
λˣʲôѽһСֺõѯʿ
ʿһۣӵ´ĺöԿԣ˿ɻ
ʿ֣ǻһ׵˵ǶЩȻûкøУ˭кøУΪ޵̰ӡ˹Ҫ֣ϰѷ²ȫɱҲãЩû˳һ㣬ûմѪ
Щؼʱæȳ棬ʿŽǵĴڣϻ֣Ϊͬۡ
˵ĴڿһĵظǾסֲʿҲ֪ʲôô£еģЩҲ⣿
Ⱥиոջļʵ񲻶໰ӣһ̫¡
ûȵʱ򣬵Ƕ̫³Էǲ
һüһģôȥǱͤԣ
˵ͤľͷ͸ɲݴһɡ״ṹͤӣΧһȦԲεӡϺõĵطȻǸǿ彡ߡߴ󣬵ǿЩ⣬Ҳǡǿ
׳ˡ
˵ֻǺƢسЦһЦһҰݾɢȡ
Ǹ˼磬Ҳû˼ʼԼһ
Ӵһⶫŵǲ
ԣһ˳ЦϴԼһ񣬻ôأһЦһԼҲȡ
Gͦúȵġ
Լ룬Լ˳ŵأֻҪأʲҸţӣҰһ˼ֵ
δһڣҲͣסˣΪڸпɣΪһ㲻ܺԵ̡
棬Σ̩˸Щ²Σ
лҪ˵̩Եģأƽ֤˾
񣦼


116 116 

Σ, ҸʱҲһոҼ˺ܿ˺, һϵĲһߺͼ˵, ǰǱߴүɻ۵ʱ, ˮûС̩ɻ, ÿεĺǱ߻иɾˮһ룬治ֵ
Ҳ֪ԷĲֵǲֵʲô, 鸴ӵغź
̩߸ɻĴĲ, ȻʿǶʳܹ, ȵʱϢһ, ЪЪźȿˮסִéе, ҹһ·һ˯, Ҳ䣬ζһ㡣
ڹôˣһͬطˡ
Զļû˯, ۾, š
ˣûʳֻó, ҲˣҲʳһóӳԹ, ȥˡԣ˵̩ǸɻгԵģҾ͵͵ˡǲ˵̩Ҳûʳǳˣƭǹǵ⣬ҲǶһѡ˭֪ܶӮˡ
֮ǰʻ̾һҲֵ֪һһòãʱ˵ҪѼˡ
û˵۾ԼļˣѾģˡǱ˵ģһʼҵˣת˺֣ܶҲѧ˺ܶطԣѧԱȱ˶Ҫ졣ΪУΪ
ûбʲô󣬾ҪһطзӣأżѼţмңӡǻˣˣҲܹ˺ˡ
ֹһЩӣһֱĬĬҵ̩˵ıǴȥʹ̩̩Ƕôôá
Ľл֣Ϸ̩˲ùǵһ׼
أһָ߲ÿѼ赲ȳ֡ЩѼ˵̩ЩȨģ֮һͻȥʣһµĵũԼġ
ǰʱ侭ũڷأ˵ҲΪڳص׵ĻȳѣЩѱɹ߱ȸʳͲһȳ
ɻ޵̰ӡ˹ҲΪ˵㹻ˮԴȣ㹻ˮ֣ׯڳúãûȳŰ
һϵеĳ˰֮õĲԣȳ浽̩֮űɱöжף
ĹƵأ͸ϵ߾ĹΪܵĻ׼ֻΪðܲӡ
̫ӣһûʣֿࡣ
ͬӣǻãΪҲûнھסĹҵԼĹҡСİϢصڣȻ֮һֱûϢҲֻüɻһɾǼ£һֱ졣
ǧԼҹظɻ̰޺ˣʯͷˮĵ̰Ӱһˮγһܴ˹
վںߣΪ̩޵ĺζӳ¡
ȴǵĻʲô̩˲ӶˣԺȥҳԵģ˵ˣʼˡô
ʿľͰˣһٷҺ淢һͣƺƽոճһЩ
ﻹԼˣһһԵһʱˣһˣ˾Ҫ
ȻһҲģȴ˭Ҳ벻顣
ˣ˵˵ǿ̩
ӵºµǿֻ̩̩˵ݡһЩĵأÿֵܷһ飬ز
ǣġֲӵ´ӣ£쵽֮ǰջԼǣµվڿԻԼĹˡ˵
֣˵Ǿ̩סôҾã̩ͦõġһЩԥؿֳʵӦʽʿ̩ͳ˷²ϡͿ˼µĻ
ֳĬĬӦóģԥˡ
롣
ͬԥĻˣǲӦú͹ʹһϾңܶϰ߶һһʼǵйݣ֮϶̫뱾ص
ȥȥ˻Ǳ˳ԣǻмңҲڵ·
Ⱥļһؾ̧ͷиԳþþסĵطзӣһأԺȢӣ֮
ˣǾ°ɡ
ԥ󣬵ľսʤһ㲻ʣоŲѡΪ̩ˡһЩϼҴڹģ˺һ
һʱžסأأдڣһֱæѾڶѾˡ
ͷһӵڳ߸ĺӵ
ˣܻˡ
һջҪ˰գ˰ռ𣩵񶼾һͷˡԲϣ
˺ϧʳһ㶼Ը˷ѣСϴɾһͺζеȵѡԲ֣ۣϴ۵˿µƤҲ˷ѣɺʵζԡ
Ҫʵھó˲óԣҲܼһҰһ
ʳκӵĽͶϷһǮ򵽣Ҳһ㣬Щ
Ҫһ㶹һ»ʳ
һ뵽滹ڼģǶ޿ڸˣЩ̩ˡһرֵ
˼µĵأÿԼѲӣ׽桢ݣϸرãյҲȱ˶ࡣ
˰٣ôܰ˰ٸһ֣ϸһ£Ŭһ㣬Ϳˡ
ڣԼִСשһڳԡʱرҪллԼԭˣлл̩
ԭˣѾϵġĲ²ȰֲòȰˣ߰ɣ̩˶ſˡ
ȥո̩˵ǲԭصֿˣҪ㼸⣬Ͳ֪ۡ
̩ʿڱ߽˼£񼸺ûռʲôˣʱˣܶ˷˻ԼңϷĳкʹׯҲ飬˱ڿԷֳһȥ׷Щļһ
ɳķӺɳԴһӢ׷Ƕ÷صŷߣµ˶Ը˵ָʿ۳һģָĴģȻҡ
Щʿ˼£Ƿſȥ򣬶̶һ¾ʹУۿžҪƳš
ʿͰգȻη̩ηʨӺȺʵû̫ˣ㣬ֿˡ
ĽǣȨֻʰϸ׼ˣҲеĳ
ΪģΪ̩˶Ȩ󶼺ײУɱ⡢⣬ûգž̫˷ѡ
ƽǵǣҪȥʳʡûҪԼűΡһ˵̩ʿɱƽҲǡ̩ʿƣΪ
ƽûˮδ̩ˣûҪϾɱ
֪̩ײĿȨûһ˸ϸĶ񣬻ƽ׼ͷҳǣȥͶȥ
ҪôغͲƲҵȻܲģԸȥɫǣⲻû취𣿺ţܱ̩ãɱ˾Ǳūҡ
ǵĳѡ⣺ҪҪ
ǻ˵ƤһĶüһθģȻְ࡭
û˵꣬һʿײײܽˣ˴ˣˣ
ʲô
һף˵ǼɫƤһĶűӣߡ
лҪ˵ɣȻαװһֻ߹ôܽ裿
ʿˣˣˡ
ɣƤأԴС

117 117 

̩ʿɳķӺɳĴѾƳ, һ·һȺò˵ӿɱ˼, Ӵȥ
ЩѶǴ˷ѳֵǮôһңϾͶ˺ֵܶǮС
мʿһ, սǰѵǱ߹ȥ, ۿűʿҲ;Ҫ, һֱ֧䴩ΪǸʿ
ó, ɱɳʺһ, ʿһһǡ
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Ҫ˵ʲôɳѾõָһһ, ǣ
沢Ǻܻ, һС鱦ɳûгɹ, λͨһ˿˿ĸߵ׼ȷ׷ٵ˶Ⱥĳ֪᲻Ѭ˯
ۿųҪΧ, һѸһƣţСġԼ׼ȺС
Ȼ˵ʱʱ죬ɳڶѾ׼ʱ¶ϲĺ󱳣Ҵض, ڵϣָָԶϵɳȡ
ʣΪʲô֪ҡ
˲Ĭʤߺʧ֮ȼͭײ֮ζ
ʱӦúˡǡΪˡõĳƺ˽ŵʱʶѡԼ˳ڵĳƺʽȻΪ㣬ʶˣҲԼˡİɣ
źˣ
ɳȼȲЦҲҫԼĮ
ûиŮ
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ûľģֱӹ־ܡ
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ͬʱҲΪ̩˵ĳдһţ˽ӹ֮ǾͿԴظˡ
ӣ̩ĳˡɳתͷ
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еʱһȥһΣæʱȥһΡ
һΪ˿ڣ߽˵£ȥľӻˣȥܳȥӭˡ
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ƮѩϱһĻѩڱȳɰˮÿ˶úһվڴΡ
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ӴӺԶطһ߹ųϸܵ
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ߵ̨ǰ͹ӵպʺá
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ԲˡĹҩ˹֪ˡΪԼصúܺãûİԼһ˿ᱻ֡
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˹ͷĽָ¶ȣ¡Сİѽָźã뵽ЩһֱʵܸˣǴͥҲʲôֻ֣ʮָգ£ǻؼҰɡ
칦֮Ϳʼ۹ˣֻǳϵĽһȫµĸ
ش׵ʿ£ӵֽ£ڹٷרһŻݣϺʳŮľҵҲȡΪӢʿӢۼлѪ̩̩֮ˡ
һȫµĸоʿһֲرְҵӢۡ
ǣºͽΪһȷƶȡ
ʵ뷨Ϊͨ˵Ľᡣһʼֻһģжһʿ
ı׼Ҵƴоµ˻׳ͷǽϼĺö
ߵսһܺõܳû뷨
ǣ̩Ĺңӹ񣬶Ǻսӣ治ܡ̩ϲ֮ʿҲӢηʿ˵ʿ䷢ѫ£׽ܡ
Ψһĵʯ⡣Ϊʱܱʯ֣һ١ߡײʿֳʯϣܽ
Ȼھ¹һ¾ͽˣʿӦֵüνģʡ¸ʵʽḻ
ãӦôҿһ̩ʿǶôӢ¡η
Ӣۼԥһ£ǵĵǵĵһġûеײʿ̱Ĵͳʿиģ̩ʿһ򲻴ԹһʼǾûҪٿӢۼ
Ͼ޴Ĺܿ뵽˾糡ݹġǧĹ¡
ľһǧϺõĺǣΪ˸ԺĿأôڣӢۼҲǸǡã
ԸˣʿĿأôԺûлЩӢµսʿľӣ
뵽ЩôĶһ¡
ô̩ûеײ˰ֿʯͷϵأеģʯԼƷС֣ԺʲôֱʯʯשĹ
Թԥһ֮˵ĸ߶Ȳܳס˺һʿʯϿԼ֣ǲܳס֮ʯ߶ȶϡ
Ҳɣϵʵˣ̵ͷˣϵĲʺһ
ʿʿͰбˣǹбӢ֮֮ҡ
˽˦ƹκû߳ɣץƾ¡
˺ü־µģͣ⡣һ룬µĸģʶ㣬һƯľ¡ԣͻؼվͱһ
ӣ£ҪнһĹҫеһķâһҪֳ̩ǿУӢսʿ䣬װľսŮ찮ʥ˵
󣺡
лҪ˵ƣˣǣ


118 118 

ֻйоصһ, Բ, ƽģսʱ䡣
ǰ͹ͼε, ΧһԲ, ƹʳ, Ҹ㡣
ΧȦϷλĵ˵̩ǸǿսĹңұսŮף
浶С, ǵĶٴС, ߣһ͡
ǵǸʽĿ, ˵, ڳһΡɽϣȷҲС˵ҵӢ쵼֡
Ǹļ׷, һһ, Ǿɡ̩ĵһ¾ʳ¯ˣý𲭸, ѹƬѽѹƽ, ڻй̶
һ֮ľ¾ͱˣʵֻһ, Ӻÿˡ
ʱӢۼҲˣһսļ¼ȫ֡ʯսŮһ, ľ糡Զĵط
ºӢۼĻǹ𣬹ְĺ¸ɳķӡ
ɳķûнܣΪ̩ˣʸңʿӦøϣϿɹ
ǣûѣһر֣µػϼʱ·սŮĴҲϼʱ·Ǿվ̨ϣʿվ档
սŮȻʿӢηǹʿٽ
ӢۼĽĻʽĻһ޴ʯͳˣ̩ı־ʨӺͷӥ֡
ɽҰ֮ķţǾ˵ֻ֡硢ʵǾŮ˵֡
һΣɳŮҲߣѡ
һŮͯѵ
úܳʹ˵棬̩ӢµʿΪ˵Ľƻ̣ȥʤͬǡ̩˵ĶŮɷӺ͸ĸףΪ˱̩̩ԶΪ֮̾Ϣ
ǵӦʯͷϣ紵ɢˮڤƽǵ꣬ʯӢµ֤ڤӦһУǰĹȡ
˿ʯ񶼲һˣȻ׳ȥҲǺܺõ鰡ֱʯͷϣŮǰ棬˾Ǻεȵҫ
ʿķӦﰵԵͷûбԼӢľ
˵սʿ⣬˵ͻʿˡҫģǰҫϽ
һαµˣбŮ
սŮԵǳԿģԿսԸռơɳŮѵأüɲ㲻㣬ơһŮǸٷ֣һһСѣһ·ɱͷư٣ٻǶ٣һȾҲǵľ£ߵһ
ʵŮǲ£ǻ˺ܾáϣɳ쳣ǿƣһ֧ߡһΪŮԵ֧֣ΪֻԲξֻһ٣ŮҲܲξŵһ塣
Ϊɣһ֧ŮԾ£Ҳؼ㹦͡
飬Ů̩ܿҽƶӣҽƶӿŮҽ٣ŮԵĸƣҰҽƶӵľҽҲĶС
һܲ飬һҹԾԾԡ
ò˵̩ңŮ˶뺷
߸µ
վ̨ϣһ￶˵ЩʿĹɱ˶ٵожͷĿ˶Լֵܽõȵȡ
һͦ˧̶ϺӣһӲӵľ£źɫĴӡ
˵ӵƣ͢鱦ģŸ߳ͭƽգĸΣиٵĴ͸
ƷлãҲô⡣Ļƶףи㡢ǿҫԢ⡣
һһʿǵľ£Ӳӵɫ˸ĿĹʡ
ʿǴδӴһ֮ҲδĿǾž߹ʱ̣ÿҪʹȥ̨µʿҲĽÿҪۺ졣
֪ҵʱͶɱˡüûзȫʿ롣
⻹û꣬ӵоµʿԵõʵôһԺžȥָר꣬ܰŻݴʳררר޲רҩר糡Ʊ
ڶõµļͥǵŮĺӣȽ롮ְҵѧԺԼйȻֻһ
õµˣʮ֮ÿյͳʳһһٽ
ģõµˣһСʮ׿ǰʯṦѫʯǹƽֻƬ
ôЩʵ࣬ǿٿѵıܸôͺܲˡ
ôǲǺôԶУǣоµ˻߼ͥôǻᱻջġҫģһҪŬ
һûȥֳֻתĻ˺üΣװ鼮ͷͱե͵Ļͭŵͱھ޴ľ
ļѹµɫ͵ΡǽֵͲѹ͡
ͲѳեͣͶ࣬Ҳե͡ԺͲ˺ʹֵöˣҲͳԵˡ˹ߣһһ˵¡
һ£ȴʲôҲû˹Сķʯףʯϸһ㱡ȥ׻š
ôʲôûɳķǰ̣ںȣҶ֪дģûдģȫ֪˹˵飬Ҳ֪߿϶лǵģһ
˵ͣסˣ˵ھ;òãԲ˵
˹ͷˣ¡һʲôϣҪġ
ᣬսĻ˵˴ÿ춼¯ûжϾ˹Ҳ뵽һԼʲô£ҲزȥΡ
벻ԼδɵҵǻɳķǣҲ벻Լʦ͸ĸǻӺͶӡȥ
̫ҲԣԵúܡŵܵ۸ˣ˹Լˣ˭ż˭ۣ
᲻£һ뵽뿪һ
˹ǰϣڤѾ٣ͰĵÿһЩȥһ棬ȥ
Щʱ˹ܻŻδһô죿飬ôԿ־
˰˼ӵľٶպޣڤҲ֡
˹δڣֻǵ
£һҪģиĵչ
仰ͷҪʲôһ̩Тʦ͸ĸûʲôĵģҾ
ϡ˵⻰Ҳˡ
˵ˡ
˹۾ˣ֪Ͻ׷ȥ
ŵŮ֪ΪʲôǾͻȻֱŤˡ
÷ߵ̾˿߿Щ˵߿һЩʵģǰͷһЩռ䡣
˵˹˳һŴôʱ򷸴ӵµôãŲ˵˰ȫˣҲͽˣ˹˷Ҫ̼һ¡
ҪûãҲǻá
÷˸Ϲȥʱӵ¸պð˹ˤɳ۾һЩӣеġ˵һɨվ˹̣ˤɳ
÷ĬĬ˹һԸˤˤȥֱŭƽϢŴսˣ£ˣҺ
ϣִ˱ȹ˻ɻᵽʱôգҰޣмսֱһ漣˹Ȼ˵ʲôˣ
Ҹ
Ľ־ǰ˹һ׻ͿҩϵС¡ˬˣû˹˹ﲻǶ˲ˮ̴Ѱ÷Ĺˡ
ʵ˹Լﻹϲǲںôô
˵ףں
˹ˮ˹ĵģǰһΡְҵѧԺĵһտˡ
רҵζʦԼˣͬ꼶ͬרҵʦ鿼ݣͨʼÿԣۺʵ֣ƴ磬ʦһ֣ȡǵƽΪճɼ
лҪ˵Ҷ~
ǧʼ档


119 119 

Ļζͳһ, ΪǵĻһģѶʵ, ֻǰβͬӲͬ
ǵһ׾ʵСѧһ꼶ˮƽʮһ̶ֳȡҲһ, ͼ, ͼƬĶͶӦ
ȻҲкЩ˴һͿ
ü, һλУ˵дҪǿһ, ʥ, ԰˻ǻֻۡǻԼղŻһֱ
Уͷְһֽ, ˵˵ӵ顣
ţôˣֽһžӣ湤, ѵõǸ߷, İʮ, ѧһٶʮ, ĸҲд
⺢ӽꡣУ˵ӵճ
һڷܿ̿ĺúӣϧۣã෴ﻹ, Ҳţ׾һר޷ӵĽˡ
ǰɣиëȾƣ˾ƾʹӣûһ⡣ĸ岻ã뿪ǣ֮׺ȾԽ޼ɵ
ǮȥȾˣûһһϰķȥҰˣ⺢ӳԷÿھӾȼá
Ϣ֮ھ˵ȥӵµѧУɣȥˣͲ׷ѧУȥˡ
ǿˣзߣҲȷʵûеѧУңһȥͻᰤοԵʵܿøãֱӲˡ
УҲǿຢӳҲ뵽Լˡ̩ĸĸȨǺܴģ˵˸첲ǴҲû취˵ʲôײģֲ֪ôӣʡ
űʣһʣôסУ
⺢ӵ
ϰķûչˡ
һһֵַ˵һ飬ȥһ飬ûз¶һˣ˵Σǰʱ޷ӽ˼źϣ˼һֻŰ˽ᡣ
⣬У˵Ǻ
УЩϲܿǸҹһݵĺӣʮӣһ̶ˮס۽һɰ̺ۣЩʵúܾ¡
㸸˽ͨԵʯ͸ʮꡣ˼Ҫȥ𣿡
һ㶣Ȼͫһ££Ӹ游Ƿ𣿡
һ£ǽǸĸΣĸǲҲǷ𣿼ȻĸΪʲôһҪҪŮԶرԹأ
ֱͦ˼ҧгݣ£ϣȥıȴ˵Ҫ
ļ򣺡ĴЩ˲Ϊ˸ĸ
⺢Ȧһ¾ͺˣ£ҲҸףһ𣿡
ָ֪ܣĸٶ࣬Թһ䡮衯ô˵Ҳһ赭дѴĨƽˡ˾ҪԶԶģϴ粻Сİ޹
нǸĸӲǸһԵиطסУûôֲڰɣ
ʧʮ꣬Ҫܹ˵ѽһȺΧȺڹĨ˵øжˣ˼ڡ
Ѽ

һһðð㰡
ãܻصȥһҪǸĸǰͼĵġ˵Ҫ˵úТ裬ǵûطп
۸ȥˣ۸㣬ĸࡣ
󣬶Լһ㡣
ǸӢŵĸ߿֮ľżʮǴĥһȥˣͻֳᷢˡ
ϢĺӣǲǱ˺ܶѹĴǱ˵Ĵǿϡúܺãöԣһúӡ
ͺһ߶ˣһ¿޵ʹࣺҡд󡣡
ֱ
֮ȥӵĸףȴĵ֪ڸݶʱˤˤȡ
ȻպȾƣǹʱǺܿףôӼˤ뵽ǸӵרҵЩ⣬ȥ˵ľӱ˶һصֽţһ˿ȥõģǳسĳͻɶѡ
ľ࣬ǲǽṹͳص֪ʶˣЦһľʦ
õһ϶Ĵ𰸡
Ҫѧϰ֪ʶΪӺڰʱҲҪԼΪڰ
£ʧˡͷֱӳˡ
ûʧڴδʧʦиУʧźӣѧϰΪǿԼǷҲʮͬķͽʯ𣿡
ѧУȵؿ
ֻһηĻᣬѾõˡһҽ㸸׵ȣȻ͵ʯ̾˿⺢̺ܸߣ˼ܣô˵ط鷳
ûκһַģǻ֤ݡԼڱ÷ǲҪ÷ֶȥԼĿġʵ㻹кܶ෽ܶķõķǿԼѧϰõ;
Ǹ
ñ˵һ£Ͱȥ˲ʯʮٳ֡ʮǸĺӳˣѾǿ׳ˣηڰеĹޣԼҲΪ־˹޵ģ
տ˺Ѽҳйǻھ糡վ̨ϣѧԺʦ͹Ավ̨ϡ
һ֣ʲôСҳᡯΪʲôҪҳᡯҳᣬѧУߣΪӵ⣬Ϊĸǣͨһλ顣
վ̨ϣ˵ʱ򣬾糡ѻȸȻԳֻУǲҺͷϵͷεġңԵñ̩Ҳ˵Цġ
漣̫ˣĸıҲ̫ˣ˵̫Ƿģ̨µҲӵ
Ҷ̵֪ӵˣΪʦʦô֪ÿӵĵһʦ˭𣿡һȦΪ˸ĸǡ
ӳ֮ǰɫƤֽһʲôɫǺͿȥġҴţ¸ηĸĸҲ̵¸ηĺһһܵĸĸҲûԼĺӴȥõİ
һʱȥЩݣȻ˵ҵһλʦ̵ңӵĸӰ֪һӵĸĸʲôֻҪʲô֪ˡ
ΪʲôҪѴҾۼ⣿ΪϣѧУĺǣܺúõģǿѧĲֻգֻ֪ʶֱ¸ҡšֻʦǲģҪĻǣǼҳ
һ˵֪еĸĸϣԼĶŮú㣬ܺáδӵиõôҪӵͬʱûΪ˺ӣҪԼøã
֪϶
ﷴ˵úܺðôʼ⣬һõĺܺãĺܺ𣿡
һûΪԼԭǨŭӣӿֻſͣСİ·ŪˣⱾһС飬ΪڱصҿͣԵ޹һ٣һ١
ǲ˻ΪȻһС£
أôûôһˣһ⣬ѺӶˣѺĶˣҺӻСһ򣬻ΪͯΣûѺӴϣεġӣ͸ıǱйԼƢʯͷ
ٸҳһȦЩ˲ֱͷǸɹʶԼ⡣
ڶǷвһûʲôʱҪĺӲҪԼ˵ѣתͷͱ˵˻ѡߣĺӣҪڿܸɣԼ˯͡ҳǣЩµʱǵĺ㡣
ܶҳӡ˵ô࣬ΪʲôˣǺҲˡģ˵ģҪӡںӵļ˵ʲôҪ˵Ҫ
ڶһͷļҳˣ̧ͷȥѹѹһƬͷ
˺ÿ˵һһҳԴ˵ֱ̧̹̹꣬Ѿˡ
ҲΪ˽ѵҳģûټͷȡһϵӦѾ˼ҳǶԼû롪Ǹøĸû롣
ʱ˵ǺøĸӦò̫࣬ΪҳӵоԵȨԡȥԼӵģҲ̫ࡣֻҪѧϰѧϰΪ˸ĸǲǼ򵥸˳ԺȾͿԵ顣
Ϊ˸ĸ
һѧϰ飬дҪôԼΪҳʦдǲҲӦüʱ
㵽ֹһתתѧϣԺѧУҲʹҹͨΪǵĿһµģǾǣһΪ˺ӣΪӵиõ죬õδڣǸĿʦλҳչʾǵѧϰɹʱ䡣
лҪ˵Ըÿӵͯ꣬ܳΪһĲƸͱ⡣

120 120 

ѧУ̵Ķջ, չʾȻҲƷŶ, ֳĺӻһ㣬ǴһӵļѼӡ
ѡŰ࣬굽һ꼶, 굽ʮһ꼶, ʮһ꼶꼶٣ҵأ
Щһһ, ʦܽһǵĳɹ, ó㷶, ѧʽڱ
ǱǵտƷʯͷĥСԼƵԼľСҾߡԼ֯С·ԼССѼСЩտ˳ƷǿԴؼҵģϷѧ
վ̨, ٸҳţЩ̧ͷͦأЩ˼ĺ
֮У, źòдݽ, ѽ꿼˳ɼĺӵֱһȦ, ʾѧѼ, ϣٽõĸãнռĸŬ
Уеţݽ壬ǳĳο, ϸɲ
У꣬ܽᣬرɴ࣬һ֣ҳʹԲҶźӻؼҺúþһۣʮٻᡣ
ˣؼҳԺȥ
Ϻõ廨⣬䣬ףɫϳơıóԺúˣڰϡ
ָӳʦһʺϵģʦķһ飬ȥұ𴦣ǲһ㡣
ƽϾó򿪣ŨľƮɢѾתƵһյľ̳Ȼָľ̳ŵ̳Сգ֮⿴һơƤⵯۣϸ֭ˮ
ĿˮҪϽ˰Ҳһһ
ǣ˸ȡϺõİǡ
ΣԺߵȻΣѩһӨ
ͣԸϺô󶹺СΪԭϣȻᾧΣɹɫ翧ȵ㽴͡
ͣûƶѹեĻƶֻͣȡõһ֡
ϾƣϵȪŴƣɫ裬֮㡣
дС˽ǡƤҶɡ
廨ڹˮȥѪĭ̳Ȼһηˮаӣ̳Σ̳ˮ֣г齫С
һ˵һضţ·ڼ֤һ漣
ԺĳʦҲģдĹ岻֪ΣǱ󶢵սս޲һģп顣
ҲΧλÿԼûóԵģһڲ²ʲôص⡣
ıô࣬棬ĿӥһһʲôҪ¡
ֻܲΪ˳һٺóԵ⡣
£Сôʦ齫С飬ˮ֮п飬״ֵñȽϺá
˿ÿԣͷֹأ
֮ǰƤ͵ĸƶһóѾôĿȫǣʧȥΪƵϡǵģһڸֹ
飬춼ΪıҴ᣺ô࣬Ϊʲôһ۸
ֹͣԳϡǸֹǵȿ죬һ¾Ͱζ˳пʼƮɢˡ
һŮָٴƤŽȥʱķͶ࣬ڸоûô塣
˸ǧٿ׵ŵ￪ʼٿʼŰˡ
ѩ׵һ¾ͱȻˣһǵɫ֭ˮʼðݣеζʱٰѸֹӻ¯𣬲ټȡǽǣոպãټȥճ

ָųʦ̳֭֮ǰϾƣһˮӽ͡Ρϣֽ̳ϣСš
ʵȷǻعٳڲãϲ˳ģߣҲϲ˵õġ
ѳΪʱߵɳ©ùһСʱʱģЩɳ©ˣܳˡ
ζʵ̫ˣǷֺ֬һ𣬲ı仯ĸй١
ζһƴСðԽԽ˶ڳſڣʲôóԵģôô㣿
˵ǵ½⡣
˲ţ㲻ϸҳԱ㲻ҳԣΪʲôҪ˵⣿ûԹһɧζһŶŵζϵȵţҲûζ
ˣҿֽ֮ǰһ˿˿һƵζʱԵһезյüҪһ˶۾֦ͷѣ촽͸ӣңһǡôζֱϽӲӵıۻͷڻࡣ
ϾȻ۵Ļ㣿
ſڵ̲סһڣ㳢ζһ
ԱߵŮѾʢõ׷ڰϣڵСˣһ˽ͺһ͵ļһӽܲ
ƵĲ裬Сһ׵ĺ⵹
ϽɫŨ֭˿ﵯһ£Ƥ΢΢һ͸Ľ֭ϵĴһζŨˣŮ̲סһڿˮ
ܿ͵˹ֻС˾ķÿһ⣬ļ˾ûеġʵʹҪҪ⣬д˶ѡˣȻӵµ
Ƽ⣿ɡ
˹ӽ֭׷ϡȻ׷һԡʾĳԷ֭ǲ˷ѵģɹĽ֭Ǻꡣ
С˾Ǻܸ˵ظѧϰӽĽ֭𣬽׷ϣȻ׷ͽ֭һ
Ŷúóԡȴڣһ̣Լеζȴֺܿ챻ǡôζڸǡ֬Ƿ֡ϡΡһ𣬵ǺֵǣôճȻһ㲻ճ塣
ϾƵˣȥζͿڸУǺĵ㾦֮ʡ
˾ǿС˾ϲı飬ſŨڵóӶҪˡ
һǶص죬ǻص죬ӵǡˣҪҪһ⡯ʱһɵ˵ڴѾá
ǽ֭ôζΪǶôͻƶζ󰡣
ʱ˹Ѿ°⡣Լѵĺ⣬һѹжˣһʺĶΡ
ѧһڷһ⡣
ȫûƤⵯ⻬άȴ֭ˮ㣬ϵζǰֵһᣬߵŮ˹ȫΪζԴ
˶ˣΪóԣĺܺóԡ
ɧζŨءʴֲڵ⣬ôľζģȻС⣬ţʺ֭⣬Ҫóԡ
С˾ǵĳԷǶרѵģһʱʳǰ塣ϲĽ֭ϵθɾ
£ʲôʱٳ⣿극֮С˾ͰΧˣ֪ԺݣúܡǰƽջãʲôҪҲֱ˵
С˾ͺСʱ
ͱ͵ûּܹͥʽůһֱ͵͵ĽЩܺǣҲһֱ룬ΪʲôߵǣǸĸ͸Сĵܵã
ʵм͵͵󡮰֡ǾҪĸ׾ģϵʱڿҵϣҲдȰʱУ
󲢲֪һУǻܱܵȥչЩӣչǵչǵ飬ʱ£ҲһӺ֮СܡС˾ɳĹУǻкܶෳպɻһֱżҳĽɫȻֻǾԼӦôûкܿȥԼʲôλ
⼸ܲУĲλޡЦ˵ҾЩʧ
ʧ׷һ䣺óԵĲֻǺ⣬ǴŹǡ÷˿⡢䡢ƤƶȦ
˫룬ʮָжǱ
ëˢӣƤЬӣ⻹ôóԣ
һȦйصʳ˵ĿˮҪܽһ䣺ܺóԡֻȺһ㡣
ΧǴŹʲô÷˿ʲôһһ˵ÿһֲȵĿڸУǺú޲컻׼óԵġ
˹һ£ǸȥڣȻϢˡ
˹Ϊ˾һˣ˵Ǻзֲ躢ӣ˵С˾Ĳ鲻Ըվߡ
ߵſڵʱһС˾ȻͷСֹһ䣺˹ǻȻһˡ
˹жסӣǻСأܹԺܶˣ㲻ҪǶŸǿܡ
˹ί˵ǰ͸СʱʦøûһôûôЩСӾ
ǰװ
˹ϲ⣬ֻﲻ˵²˵̫֬񣬺ӳԶ֬ôո˵Щһ¸һξͿˣڸ֮ǽҪ
ⶼʱ˵ģ˹ɣ׾˵
⣬ȷʵܳԸθǸ͵Ķ˵öԣ˹
һӵʳṹӦƫشˮ߲˺͵ʡЩʳȻóԣǵζ̫أ֬ǷֹߣԶ
ǣ֮󣬲һŸС˾һδʹʳС˾ϲأ֪ԼʵԵġ
ΪһֿṩȦͼ󣬾ô̩˵Ұ
лҪ˵СίС˾˾Ͳô
С˾ǣޣ


121 121 

Ǽ, һ⡯ʳҿ֮н׾ӭĴ졣
ܶũ, һΪЩȨĵģô̬һٰʮȴת䣬ҪȦأ׹鲻, ׬Ҫ׬, ԣм۸һ㣨ҲǼ̫, °ЩȨҵĹëˣ
˹˺ܶ, , вȱжѡ
ֻǳеǲģǶҪԵ, ôųȦԼԶ, ṩˣҲǹţֻ, Ҫ, һûС
ٹ, Ҫȫ˶ܳ⣡ǷԸѾǵһ˳ϱžž顣
иԼûע⵽ϰߣʲôöʱȻؿڣҪȫ˳/ӣ//͡⡣
ôϣѹֿ˰ǰԼС, ˭ܲϲأ
Ψһ˾ֵǣΪʲô
Ϊٹֳ꣬˲ŻҵǱҵָУгȦҪꡣ𣿡
߼ȷҪʱ䣬ǰ껹ҪֳвУ㹻дṩ񡣶ңʱ˹Ҳýӹܴٵְλ˵ҪͿһ⣬һÿһһ⡣
괺եͷҲũҰ
Ϸʿ֪ⶫθ߲ζǰӵĴ˵ص
ܶ˶ĶˣǸɴͿˣӻȡֲҲǰ˵ֲעʳע⣬Ų
˿ըƬ
ʣûʲôζǿԺʹ󲿷ʳϴ䣬ƽֲ˲٣ЩȱԵҲѾʼֲˡ
ֲĻϷͼļֵĵֲǻѼȳѡ
եͷĽ
õեͻܺã˸սʿե͡ƶͲѵȺߵӶѹեեĳեߣեܳһͣûͷһߣƽ͵ԭϣϻ߷ϡ
֮󣬴󶹾ͳ˺滻ܶ˼ﶼд󶹡
󶹻͵Ļһﶹӻեͻķ֮ѹե͡
Ϊô֪͵ĺôֳչСˡͿɣ˵Ʈʮǿˣǻһ㡣
Ϊ屾ܵ׷֬ĹϵɣըĶر㣬Ҳرóԡ
Ŀ̱ˣͷôﶹӵģҪ̲סϲͣϲͣϲľһЩʵڻģͶ￴һһţԼˡ
öӻ͵Ŀ˻صСһγˣΪµ⿷ʽ۷ֻһĲ裬֮ȫһģΪʲôʳһ¾ͱζˣ
ͣһħѽ
˼ҶʱôأҪСסӺСѾֺˣ׿Բִ֣󶹣ôأҲӵΪӡ
ľᰡöô࣬һأ
˺Щӣǻأǻʳأ
ȥǷ꣬һܣøһ˻µˡ޲ֺʵõĻǱˣԼҲһ޻Ͳˡ
Ȼһˮ֮ңԶ
ľ괺ɲ̫ù
˵ǱߣԭǳˮĹϵ֪ôʹȾ
֪ϢǹۿǱ߿ӱϢ˵̩϶ͷˡߡ
̩͸ź֪֮߳󣬼û겻ѣҲûֻĵһ¾ȷۿڣ˹ˡ
һ¿ɴС̩ŻһŻ֣ٲһˡ
ڱȥܲš
ٺΪҽƾģûʲô⡣
ܾȣΪ֪߱Ҫǰᣬһ˿ܶȹ߻Զ˿٣лţһеһһܶ
ȻʱǻҰô˿ܶȹߣʱһû뿪ſڣôɢôѸ٣
Ϊʲôһεһ¾ӰôĹң˿ô
£֣Ҳ֪ģôģʲô֢״ԡЩԥҩȷߵҩ֢֢ڶ֪
ǱϢ˵һģһˮ︯ˣһ꽫ǸˮӺͺӵ˺˺ˮͱǡļпýģܲӲֻΧҡΪЩҲںȥطĸۿڣѸٴתĻ
ôʸ𣿾ǣʮȾ˲ܻʡ
ʮȾˡǸȣ߻ԣ촯֮Ⱦ˵𰸣̫ߣҲҪۿͣ˵ԭ
ٷ֮ʮʣ֣һ˵Ⱦ
ԸߵģԾͻͣԸߵģȾԾͻ͡һԸߣȾҲߡ
һÿΪ벻λԼûиϵĹϵ
ѯʣһʲôƷṩһֲҩһ£׵Ĳҩ
ͷϢ̫٣Ҳûʲô÷͸һЩԤԵİ취
һˮ⣬ץȡʳ֮ǰ˫֡ԣʹøɾĲ;߻ȡʳ
˳֢״Ҫ̸룬˽Ӵ룬ʳֱͨӽӴݡⲡ˺ƲʹùĲ;ߺƷ̹̫ɹ
ҪӴˣôϿֺףһ㣬ܸһЩĭǣֱӽӴ˵/ҺһǾǴȾýأ
һҪ˲ŵ¯ճɻңܳɱ
ȥ֮ǲģŹĹߵż˴٣ӦߵϸڡȷǷҪһЩƷҩ͵ۿΪԤ
е£̩֮ҡԸ̾ȻǸĵˣͻȻһ¡
Ӧġ󱻿ò˼
дȾԣǲܳһͷ͸ֻԺԽԽ󣬷á
ƽĻٽúҵķչϲЩͻģҲΪĸ档
˷֮һʱҵ˵Լķ
ȫǷǵһֻǶҲҪƽȻȫۿڵľͨһϵϰ߼ٱȾķա
˵ͲйӴˣһһ䣬˳֢״תơƲ˵ĵطؼ˾Ҫȫװ׼һ߲

˾ܵӵȨԭҪ縺ƵΣԲְڡ
߻ͳΪЧҩҹһЩ䷽ؼ˾䷽ҩϻҪԼûʲôǮˣֺѧУĽեˡ
ʵ㡣
ϣܸ˺͸ƻʳҽҩķãҪӴȣԼ¯ղʬ壬ͺȾļʡ
ʵⲿֵǮûô࣬Ѱҩֲʱָ߲ԲʳϵĶȱ
˵ʾԸ⸺ʷá
ȻԱгƷ
Ϊ̩ס߲ûпסͻᷢʱЩΣе˻ƴ͵ɵ̩ĸʺܸߣǳߡ
ԣǰλΣԼΰЩˡ
ѡгơһַ
лҪ˵ˣִ󶹻ԶǳԶͣᡣ
ˣȡ

122 122 

һʱ䵱ȻǷ, Լ˶Ʋоȥˣ˲ǻô
Ȼ˵Ҳе, ۿھô󣬾ҲޣԵҵȴкܶ, α˶Ըۿڵĳ
ˡЦóһֽ, 򿪣Ǹۿں͸ҵļ׵ͼ, ȫɫ, ùֱ۵ĿҪԵ˾ж١
, ǿԽԼƷ˹Ҳ֮ǰһϵмٸȾߵĴʩһЩıؾеҩԴ󻺽ΣͣԼĹңҪ׹ΪһϵдʩҪĵٳٽӴ
ڶ, г/ṩеҩǲ˹ǿСҪϰҲҪֱӽӴ, ǺǲҪ, ໥һôԶ, ó˻ݶ
ǶԻûۿڵˡѾۿڵ, ҲҪһʱ䶪ɲ˵ЦҰпܣԴߺͣڸۿڵ˻ᱻŭı˶Ȼ󼤻ì, ۡ
֢״нӴ͸ۿڱһǣΪǲ̩ˣûȥеǵʳúƷáЩˣǲҪһծûǮͶծ
һ˾ŲһʧûŲû취
ȫУ԰ҵˣҲЧԼҾ档
յʱȥ˼ͬˡӹݽΪĿ࿴
Ϊֻù¶ݣѾ׼ͶЧҲķʱȴûϡ
ǿľȣЦһ
Ҫһ룬һŵù񱥸ɻҰ޺͵ˣŻԸָӡ
ͬ󵱼ȥټ˾ƲҩֹĸҩԼƷյҩ
ҲóҩȽⶾĲҩǻһõѬ͸ŨȾƾΪĶҲǴ;֮һ
ʵĳƮɫģʨӡӥƣһЩ֣дı
ܿ˷֣Ҳܿ˷ߣûʲôԴ¸ҵ̩ˡ
ûκζܻǣֻҪŽһ¡
ʿոմϷΪѪǸۿڣΪػ̩˵Ľ
͹Զκһ̩ˡ

Щʮ߳ܵı޴ĵӴ˵ġ
֮˵ܶԭҪʵǿĬػЩʵĴӺͳһ·ͼֵĵȲʿķͱͬǸɵˡ
̩ˡƺе̼ǣͻȻãʵΣٵʱǼǿ˼õʱ
ȻҪߡ
ΪҲԤߵĴʩ֮һԣɳķӣϵͳһ°ɡ
߷յɳķӵȻԼȥοɳˣܵһǸĸһˣ֮ǰϵͳĹԱ׼Ķ
֮϶ϢҲڳͳΪõϵĶ
ԤıȽϵλ̩ĸۿûд󲨶ȷһЩȾߣǺܿ챻ӴҲ˸ӴһھȷǷ񱻸Ⱦ
֮ǿʼʹʯҷ˾ס
ͣĵطʹùҽ̫ɹ
˲ûбҩʳһͽзֱӽӴǾסĵطʳҩʣǵ˿ԶԶһۣ󰲸˲ˡ
˾չǣҩ֮£֢ʽ͵˰ٷ֮ʮ֢ߺҩ֮Ҳת֢ϵĽ괯ɰ̺۵䣬ͱӸ󣬳˱ˣûӰ졣
ʵҵ˾̾
ôģŵĹüȥ̩ľ
˳ġ衯ֲ˺ЧҿٵӦԴʩԽӴȺĸ룬ͲҩʳˮȻҪĻ̩ĸҩĺЧ
Ϊӵ齹ͷöıԼë׵°ͣȥ͵
ΪԼˣʲôҪ͵Щҩ
ˣǮ򲻺˼̩ѵÿһѧϰ͹򣬸Լң˼ҿøһһ˿ţô͵֣
εؿһۣǡȱ͵ҩʲôãҪ͵Ȼ͵Ķ
Ǿͺãĸշȥǹһ仰
͵ҩ͵ǹҵӡ
̹ڵϣɱҰɡ

ˣͻȻоиǶôҸһ¡
㿴ֶ̩ѣǰǼģȥ֣ȦķΧڡ˼һûУڼչ
̩Щأԭڿ̩ЦԼ˻־ߣˡƫƫһӦԵⶼûУۿԽԽ
˵ƾʲô̩ӣǾûأ
ıա
Ϥ£ովٰǴ죬ȴЩ
ȲһʼƫĶӽҲͻͻ˹֮ǰһֱĬĬŵӹж
ûеһһֱλλͥӹжһĶӡ
λ¶ʵײеһ棬ֱӴɱӽǿưѲŵĹͽ¯סˡ֮ɵذŹԱ߲ʳɢҥߣ΢΢ıܿ찲
߲ҲΪ
оʱ򣬾رϣ콵Уǽˣģ뵽£ֱĽʺޡ
£ûӣ͵ҲǹǺȥ谡輸£߲סٻȥͺˣ׵ˡ
ȻԼое㲻ף룬Ǳšһ̩ɵͬء뷨дһţҪ̩ӡ
ҼֱţǾȻ󡣡̩سʹǳ롣Ѿͳȥܶ˷߲ķˣ乺ҩȻôߣ
ȷʹ˺ܶͶõˣǹʢŭ£Ҳ£ӦȴǲܴӦġ
ҲûвնʹĹֱӰȥصȥˡ
ţأŰɡ
֮󱱹εĹţһûͼ̩ˣҽһ̵ֽЩҽԾܾ
Դһ֪ģСӹͦڣŹùӡˢ֮ǰдĶͯº֮дĴ¡
ʱ޷ѧУؿǲǿЩź˼
̩н̻أ
֮ǰŪһѲؾݴǻۡɱ̫߲˵ЧҲܵ͡ʱ뵽һؾеְҵʫˡ
ȥۿڵǹ˵Լ¼˺ܶ£Ȼкܶ࣬˼żӣʲôͶСڽ̴˵£иЦСģС£ĹµȻҲռһ䡣
ҪǸᣬ㲻Ǹֵܡ
ھҪᣬһЩȽƫĹ׫ɲᣬʫĴ̡
ǹٷǳȨʷѡ
Щ±֮󣬿ƪͻᵽѰҲұдһµġʷҲ㣬ǹһĹʣǼͥҲһʿɹ۵ĲƸˡ
ǹѡٶƪ£޳һֹڵ׵ģԱӵĺͶ͵ײģȻɾĵһֹѪȱݣЩ¾ͱȷ
ȷٶƪºԼٶƪ·һϷֵʵ¼д˺ܶ˵Ĺ£Ȼһ㱯ԣȴС󣬴ġ
ΪﶬĲᣬ֮һǸ̰顢飬֮һǽ̵鷳£֮һǻۡ͡ڼ¸ҡ֮һǶԶ˵ĳʹΪ³
Щһˡҹ¡ĸ
лҪ˵ʱ䣺ˮȣǶҸ
͵ӣ˱

123 123 

ʱĹҹǿܾùҺȨĹ, ƽĹϵ
, Ļԭ
̩ٸ, , ûũŽһȥ˷ĳ־޴ѵĴͳϰסһȥϷǼʵĳԡ
ȫ, ʹ󳼣µƽգȫԱΪһŬ, оˡǻ˻ĵ˺ͿµĻ, һ°θߵĳΡ
˵һܱĹ, Ҫһͳһֻ˵һͳһ
ģƬϣһߴĹߣ˵һ, һ֣ѧϰһۡ
һͳһƶȣ»·ͷ, һ˵֪ǡ̩ˡƶȡ
˵ﶼһĸǡ̩ˡ
ִµķʽ, ôҼ̩ˡĹ
֮һѵġʫ˸࡯ѧʱȷΪ, صǾ糡֪ܶʫ˻糡Ϊ˼סЩ£Լ´һ֣Ժȥط׬Ǯ
ҪǴ£Ҫṩزģݻ
ЩʫǿߣǾͻ˲ʱ䡣ҪѯʽȥСɮºѲ߶ӡ
ȥЩʫ˵հĺǡЩҲҪѧϰģѧУҪѧϰݡҥȵȡǳ֮ǳΪʫˣҲһ·
ʿͬȥѰʫˡ
ЩлòģҲлòõġΪ󲿷ʫ˶òŮ˵Ļӭǲ˻һЩ󸾵ˣճϷǳ¡һɫ˥Ǹˣ
ִŵϰߣûˣӾͱü
ҵںӵʦڽϻʫˣȥǾĺӣҪԼɫòӻ˷Ѵഺǻ֣ᷢǴȥ٣ĸȤĹ¡
һգʫ˴󲿷ֶӦǰǽ鼮Һֱ׵رʾԼϣЩ£ŻȥѧϰЩ¡
ϣЩȥΪҪϧֿеҪԣҪ˿ԼĶԼȺ壬Ҫȡ棬ҪŽѰԽԽõĹؼ
̹ϵ˵Լ˽ģҲ˵಻ǿƵģҲȡκηãǿԽ֮֮ͬ佻ƽ̨
֮߾ͽżΡĹһ뿪һΣһ˷
վž޴ԣͷŵϥµˣ˭
ӵ£Ժ֮ʫˣҽ˹ڵϣһַֻĿλãͷ󣬡һֱ
֮䣬ĳìһ𣬼˶׼治ɫֻ󣬷·ǳ
Щ֣ΪʲôҪң
ֻһЦԱߵ٣ڵϵҵļ磬ĸ׽ײڸ׵ϣô˵װĸףħ촽
һ׽ĸҥӺӵĽǶȣѯΪʲôĸײ˵Ϊʲôĸڻ
ϣȥĹң
׾𱱷ھĴȾԼˣ֮ǰʹ˵ҩܺãۿ
ѾסˡԣҵӦĶ˰ɣ
ͦϵģʵȷʵһЩˡ
Ϸѡ֣ͶǺ޺øСǱĲ˲ûʲôҲͬ飬Լ¡ֻλ⣬߲߶ÿƾԼĺö¡
ԳȴҡҡͷǱ̫ΣˣϣҪȥ
ңΪʲôԣܹݣò˵Էעˡ
ţӵ½ߵķ̵ܱҵˣǰҩҵļ˾Ǹлл
רлҵģ
ǵģ׼ؼһˣ֮ǰлл
Ĭһ£˰죬ֹ۲ı飬о˵ѣЩӦģϣļ˶ƽƽ
֮ûбʲô⣬תˡҪȥߵ
ӸۿڹϢֲȾԺǿҪͨҺ컨һ˳֢״ʲߡûҩֻҪõչˣҲкܴʴ֪ʲôǱһֱãҲӰ쵽̩ġ
ӵµףһġ
һֱ뿪վ
̩ӸովĵطŲŵĲҩζƺһů㡣ϧܿҪ뿪뿪̩֪Ժܲټ
һ棬ڵڶȥ֪ڹߵ顣
ţǼȻҲ˵
мٸȾķͿŵҩǱߴȾٶһ½Щҵһʼͺأʱڻһ˵ơҶԽ˵ķʽ̩ǲҽ
ʵϣ
ֵ̩ӣǹԥ;ܾˣٺôУǱ˶Σǲѧϰҽʦ
ûǹ̶֯ӣͨ˽Ʒ˵ҽۣʡ
꣬޻ڸرֲķ֯Ѿһǧ˹ģ׶԰ôĲϣԼڲģȾɫʹĸߵϡ
̩ȨޣôߵϣôǷֱ˵ȥأ
ʵ¼һȦӵĻᡣǩԼȡѵķȷÿٳɽۿ˰Ѷ١ÿ̩ġ
꣬һ裺Ӳȥðա
ʧЦȻҪЩܼ飬ûȥðա߲ûбסȻһҩȴܱ֤Լһʧ
ˣм֢״ҩͰҩ²Դ˽ۿڵͣȨͻ˰Լ
ֻѣûٹעֻ֪֮һֱǲҽʦȥ¼˾֮һܰȫְ֮ȥһ١
ûйܾãĸԶ硣
֪Ϣʱ˺ܾãϦദͻȻûˣܣҩû뵽ûж
֪̩Ӱ첻ǻᵣѲ˹ÿֻнӵƽŵһɵġ
ĩʱ˹ˣ糾͡Զļ˾һֵֹŮ˾ɷǼ㱣·һ㡣
дţ¼ҩȥ
ʱֵȴţµһ󶹶ˣեͷ͵˱ȸտʼ˺ܶ
˷ֽʳ֮ʳ÷ζѣǾͰ⿷ʽʳ͵ҲڼӴ
ռ֮ǰǲļ˾һ**ҲͬĹǻң˼˾Ҳʿ档
ô˾ˣ˺£̩໹Ƕ̩ҽҵǿԺ
Щļ˾սʿֱʯϣʯӢۼԱߣʯǷӥı־һε¼̩ǲҽƶӵʵ֮ߵ滹ף
ߵļһ־òġǮٶ࣬ҲĨȥıˡ
ЩߵĺӽӵС˾Ƿһ
Ǽһֱ̫ãС˾ο£ңҲȥġʹߣ𼲲ǵΡǣһСĺСģġ
Ӷ֪޼£Թ԰Ҳûʲô˼
ҧҹд߲йصϡҩũҩҩߴӲѡܺߣڱ֪ʲôʱͻ̩ʶ֪νսʤ
֪ǲӰ죬̳Щ˾ʱһĻһĲһһ߶ã˵кܶ裬ѾǹŴ鼮ˡ
ͨһһĲֲҲ˼ӵʶ/ҺҺϵŧȾַ߳յһʺʹ߻ԣ޷ʳھòա
ҩҩЧȽԣһҩһǵʵҩһ׵ҩ
̾˿Ҫҽ˵֪ʲôҩֱ֢дµʺϵҩ
ȴҽֳֻܸɵҩġ
ڱҵѾʼתҽ˲ճɻҵķʽҲʼϰ߲ˮ⣬ͷǰϴֵĹأϸ뼰ʱȾ½
̩ĹڣѾ߲顣
һʼǻţΪǴȾԵļǷ߲ڸۿڳûɢҵͷһЩۿڳбסκ߰˰ˣҾ;ԼûΣˡ
ǻҪǵļ˾ȥǹڵļءϵЦ˵仰
Ļ̩ҵڶ̳˳ˣһ߽صС
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124 124 

̩ķҲм̳Ȩ, , ̩ҵ, ˵һܵϢ
ֻпһֱȥԴõΰ, ձȨҪؼ̳˵Ĵڡ
ûͳ̳, λкܶನۣԵײ˵ܲ
ûźΪʲôкӣΪŮӳϵķգԺܶҵĴͳԼ̳λ
Сĺ, ûеܵ, ǰ϶ļ̳, ԴһǺܸˡ
ϽͷΪСĳףһûɳķӴѪǣףĻﻹƮ˿ա
ȥӣԼͣһСƿֻá
ÿһθ, ʮ֮ȥȡ¾Ͳˡ˵
ӣҷǳ, з̵ĹŮŮٶÿϴ裬ֹϴ, Ӵ֮ǰҪϴ֡СеĲ϶õ޲㣬ҪÿϴɹŮͿĨӵƨ, ֹ
ĺǱ֮͸ģһӳԲʳҪѺӱƲ̫ԣıŪúܲ۴ޡ
һ߸ָСҪ˯СҲһæһúӵӣһ¾ˡ
ڨڨѺӷŵϣյ
ɳķӱӵĶˣߣˣ˼ݾ˯ˡ
ɳľ񻹲ָŮ׶ʵɳҵһ࣬иСţҪ
ͳ̩嶼ԼﰲһС䣬һֱŻӵԼ
ҡ
ҪϺܶຢӵߡһμô̩СĴͳߣˣʵӡ
кܶʮ־ĲʻƵССѼţСˣСӺҲСʱӹҼõġЩżıϻһƤëż޻ĶƤëʨӡӡǡʮü֣԰һ
⻹һСľ䣬ǸľƵĵ˵ɳ׼ġţСӲ鰮ı޲ˡ
ﻹһСֻĲֽʣһЩľСߡкܶදĳľĺеͷ
ͷѾڿпҪʲôǻۣżرͣ˶ѧΨһͬǣƽʯΪӣһЩ
̩ͳߣĶȤһ㣬ǺеһЩߡ
һ߸ߵӤлģë̺ޱһ㴲ңֹ֡һǳɫʣġ
ϷһµĲ壬紵˾ͻҡڣСö졣
òͬɫĲϣ޻ƵĲ壬涼ССͭǡ̫ƶ䡢͸СﴹǺȵ͡óϷ鲼ɫǳ˵СϲСӻ᱾ܵ׷ɫʡ
СﻹмżһʨӣһǷӥһ˺ϲͷͣһ˫ˮıʯ۾ֺһ㲻䣬ɳķ˺þãκϲ
˾̾ĻһǹǱһռضʮƽ׵СǱղװáеĴšӡǿʹõģֻȫǺӵĳߴ磬Ҫ
ֻ
ľ˼²ŰǱеĶǹĵͣһˮ͵ӣǱɣɫĻ滭Ҳʳء
վô躢ӵģ׵ɳķ𾪵
˹һۣҲǺ˵ӵºͿʼΪС׼ô
ĸ¾Ϳʼ׼ˣ⻹һ׸һ㣬ûôġͯݡڱԺרŸĺ档
ɳķӲ˵ȫû׼ʲô
֮ǰɳɳ˵Ҫĸ׼ġ׼һľ
Ȼʹ˵ЩĸǲܵġȻ׼˺ܶྫĲɫƶͼҾģ͡
ɳķĸһ˵»ҪǷģŮôһøֶƤëС˺üĶﱧ
ɳķӱϾһεףԼţȥ˹Ҫ׼һЩʲô𣿡˹ش˵ãӵ׼
ǣ˹ͺܶຢСϷ
ɳķھͿ˫վؽֲĿߣ˶ЦЦֻ֮⡣
̩ڣϲڣԶıȴһξģġϴ
һβ߲ԱˣΪ
֮ǰΪߵʼأϹȥεĹҲû⣬Σ¹ȻҲסһжǳźõķǰ
ʱ򱬳¹Ⱦ߲ıģȻ󣬴ϴͿʼˡ
֮ǰļ̳ıᣬѾһϴһӺ͹ץ
Ҳش
ǸˣԼ˾˲УҲ˵ͱᣬֱӽȨԵĸΪֵ֧ܰ˶ʮߣһŲ飬޲ֵȥ
Լ׾˾˶ˣ˸ʲôô
лͣڱ׶ϤµǶҪȥԼأңûͬ⣬뿪Լǣǡͼ췴ıĪ
ΪǿƣŵıȨЩǲòˮһȥԼǡ
ƶȣϤ˵Ϥ֮ⶼƧѹЩһĲ鲻ԸӡȥǣҪ½һء
˵ڶĴ죬߲Ѿȫѹסˣ߹ҵİտʼǺܶϰ߻Ǳƽ֪еĿѧֻ֪̩ӵ£Զߺͼ
̩ĸۿҲˣʼС
һε̩ۿڵ˺ܾȵط֣̩ĸۿµı仯
϶˺ܶź첼̫̫Щ̫̫۾ѲԼһѲӽͷС߶ץס͵÷
ۿڵĽֵúܸɾۿеĺƷ֮ĳζࡣ˵Щ඼Ҫ͵ͳһжúܸɾˡ
ȥΣȻָڿ˺üҵꡣ
ɳķӵƷ꣬ӵ¿ĽͷǶ̣եͷ۸񶼲󣬿óԲĺȥǼǶ˲ٺóԵĶء˵Щ³ֵĵ̣ۿڵľֱ˵ϲá
Ǿȥˣȷʵ۸񲻹󣬵ͬ޹ġ
˾ۼھƹǳһ³ľƣ˵ǻƽƵģζܺã۸Ҳ󣬺ܶඵûʲô
Ǯ˶һССʳĴĥʱ䡣
Щ˺ˮţı䣬һεѡ̩Ƕ֪
һΪԼءû뵽ֻ̩ǰͽȥᰲʳơһ߲Ҵ˵Լļţһˡ
˵һ£˵Ǽ˺ܶˣһֱܺ棬ٲûǮ̩ҩû̩ܾôˡ
ڳ̶̩ãպ̩Ҹ˵ⲡ˻ûеʱ򣬱Ǿ˺ܶණ·ˡ߸˷ȳǱҩով͵ôĸɣǶΪĴ׼
һ̩Ҳ˵ɲǣ˵һ·ЩǿҲбΪǾ˵Ķû֪ҲЩ·˶ˣһ㣬һҳԱأֱӱƽûҲˡ
ģ̲סʣʱԵʳҩĶҪǮ
ҪǮһոջűȾƵֱͦȻûеòҲڸס˼գԵĶҪǮͦԵñζҲá˵ˣ̩һ̩ˡ
֮ǰʻƲƲ죬ͷȾƣ̫ˣˡ
߲ƺʧҵĸۿڿʼš
ʱ򣬽һ飬Ȩı̩룬ʽеǻʽ̩ʹصע̩ӣΪҪл͵ҩ
𣿡
лҪ˵ɳķӣ˵õĲһ˵档

125 125 

ǵ·;ңԶŽ굽, ȴμĵǻʽ, мһʱͷλʽʽ, ʱʳ, һõļڡ
ΪʲôҪԼأ, ѯ˹
²Ҫ룬ʹ߶Ǻ顣̩ͱƾУ̩ˣᶯġοҲᾡȥȥ, ȥͲȥ, ͨͿˡ
Ǽǰ̩, ˹˵仰ʱ̩ڻһֻ˲еʨӣٲΧֻʨӡԱתƣѰһҪ˺ҧһ⡣
Ӷ̩εҪ뿪̩, һķ뿪塣һ㣬˭ҧһڣ̩ܲʧ
ڲһ, ֻ̩ʨӻָ˽Ҫͬȴ̩Ѿλס, κβл˵
ûбʲô̺壬ǾÿԳһߡΣ, ҲԼʶһʱ
˹֮ǰʲô·ߣ
˹ϸһ£ҵ·߿ܲʺϵ¡Ϊװ̶ӵߡ̶ӵķպܸߣУȻ̩ӵݴĵõõĴվ϶İȫҲȽ
ǴӸۿڳźߣС֮󵽴޵ĺۣȻۿڣμӵǻʽ󣬴ӱۿڳֱȥȺ󵽴̩ЩҶһǲҽƶӵĹңиۿͣɣԱȽϰȫ
ָһż׵ͼϱȻ½·һЩϼܰ⼸ҵĺ۹һ顣Щҵ½ˣ궼úüˡ
ʵ̩ĸۿֱӳȥֻҪʮգһת˺ü·̡￴Ǳȥģμʽֻ˳
˲Ҳûʲô˹˵ǾԲֻ࣬ǺĲҺܶ½˸Ӧϵ
˵ҲһҴ
ţ˹һʼûӦӦˣ˵˴
˹ô¶ʱҪǣ̩ˮȷʵ̫УҲáõսûлӴżȻͺǿϣ˼Ҳǻõսһ㶼Ĵýмܡ
̩Ĵܸһ㣬ˮǿһ㣬Ķ̰Ͳˣ˹
ҲļһˮսõĴ̴Զ̴дʱȣƷǴһеĴһûԼлó
̴Ҳ㹻ˡ˹ŵģǲĴֻ
ô˵ܽʶȵ⣬ҾܳôЦеʡ
˹ͷŵͼ̧ͷȥʱԡ¶ס̩ôóǿֻǺ࡭Ҫ׼
׼Ȼеġرɴֱ࣬ӰѴ˹ͬдĴĳߴͼֽͲֲ᣺ҪҪˮ㿴ߡ
ʮ׿ʮ׵Ȼ۾ֱˣĸηǰҶһľƴͷ¥ĴգӴĴ
ӣһк㻻ͷ׷ߡ
ܵøˣͺá
̫
ڿ죬˰û׷ʱˣ˵Ҳ˵ˡ̾ߣٵ޴Ĺ
£ܸ𣿡ָŴʡ
Ǳ鶼ãȻģΪһµĽû뵽ȻǴôĴ
ʱ临⣿ͷڲΰʥɽ鰡²Ƿˣ
ԼҲ̫ˣⲽȦ֣һռ˴˵ı飺Ǿ°ɣǰƳ
ǼҪˣ˵£ǶһСʱУּۻۡ
ҺһĸĳߴͼֽΪο򹤽ǷǵײҴϲɡ
˻СһʮһС棬ˮԹֺ֮ܺãԺ֮ǰĴļرȣеǾ;һһһġ
ȻڿȥۿڡҪһר촬Ĵ룬Ȼ󴬡ʱ̫ˣǺеʿˮ·ȥǸʮһģͣһ·һ͵Ĵܡ
͹ͬȥĻкܶܶľġ
ĹЩ޴ļľҲסˣľϱ˵ľϣ뿪ϴЦᡣرľ϶Ǻģôôɲףռֵʮ깦
һ̩Ǳߵıһٵĺ־ǱҪġ
Ψһشܼҵ˻Ѿ߲붼ѪָԼļ̳ܴܶԷļ̳ˣҲʤ
ԣҪ죡
°ԼľϵʱڿʫСϢ
ʫ˵ĸһֱţƺʫ˵ҵ
ۻˣһ˵ʫˣʱˣȻµ˹ҲһЩС¡֮ӵδͥС¡
ѧµĹµʫ뿪иЩʫˣ֪µķΡ
һٶݵطżܲȱֵĹϵϿйµ׶⻷Щڱضܻӭ
󲿷ʫǰԭĹ£ϸЩ仯ҲһּԼ˼˸ı࣬Ȳ˵ıúûǲãܻµġ
ͿˣʫΪ˺ܶɫ˼뱣
ȽӦĺܶСϢ񻰹¡
ۿڣˮΪξͲ˵ˣڵλΡһʼĹñŤΪεĹͶˣʵҪûйƹ㣬ν̩طûôס
Ȼʵ̩Щ˵ֵÿһԼС⣬ȥҵ߶߶һЩ确ǰүΪµĽɽ֮Ļ
ñˣɱˣԻǴ׬׬
Ĺ»ּ֪٣̩·Ȼáȹһֿƻֵİ취
ȹжƺǡȻһĲһճɣ⡣ǲҪΪ˼ҪԷҪһĬĬҹڡĲ̫ޣ˵û޹
̼̩ѾʼԶƹֲˣղҲζϽͺͶͣĸо
ӪɷҲܸߣ󲿷̩˲֪
ʲôӪɷ֣֪Ҹо˺ܺã֪Ǻöˡ
ôõĶ̩漣һĿֹóľʳٹҾĶˣʹȡ֮ǰ̩ߴƬ߽غͳеǸҲˣƤ˵ʲôǹ֪飬ǸšƵǸɸɾ
£һ죬֣һּۻ֮õ˼ۿڡ
µĸۿСֱӳΪǡС֮⣬ͳ֮ǡ
лҪ˵鰡ǰүµĽɽ

126 126 

̩ĵξһСڴǵĴӣǸСھΨһĸۿڡ̩Ҫľߵĸۿ, Сִһ, ˸ɹκ̵ͨĵط
ʵѾע⵽̩ϵȻ, ɹγȫľӰѿ, ԱԴסжĳΧ, Ӭɽǲ֪еԭֻԼ˵ӱεĹ£ĲǺħҲûš
ʵʹпĻ, ǿı仯
Ŷ֮ǰһ, ֱһģԼûио, ʹ߿ִŵϸɸɾĿˣǴڴڳźζʳȻȻܸģЩƽ޹ϵѧ˼롣
ʹ߸оԼܵ˱
һʱ򣬿ֻǸո뼢ƶ
ڶʱ, ȻûɾͿʼŸı
ιʱ򣬿˲ҫˣһһж͸Ŵɺ͵̡, ΰĽ黳һѾ޷Ե, һгС
ΪʲôЩ˿ô
ΪʳǣΪҲҽΡʽ˰պ͸ֱ߲֤˰յ棬ǻиʳȥԼȥһûȾɫ΢覴õ޲, һЩ͡κͣһ۵ľ˵Ľ࣬һȥһξ糡һ±ݵлᱻѡӿѧУѧϰա
̫ˣʹ߿ᣬȴ˵Ự
˿Խʸ
˵ȷҪĲֻǿ˿ԽҪطеҲԽ
ƳǣУˮϵ
ͳ޽裬˰ռͶȥΪƳǵİϡˮҲƴˡ˹ܵĴǵˮϵͳģߵĲǰģʽǡСˮ˼ơģʽҲǿӵ
󣬻˹ĸ¹˹Ƕѡһ޹ˮϵͳһ·棬ĻѾ޴·ҪǮ
Ϊ̫ǮˣܶȻſĹˮϵͳۺ죬ȴҲûи֪ˮϵͳ޺ˣԿԶо޴ôҷ㽽ũũҵҲаֱ˰ȥ޹ˮϵͳĲס
һƫΪĺΥıԡ
ҲһЩѧſƳ·ߣֲеȻһһ³ĹĲ˵˸йټãȱҪʡ޹޻ռͷϣһʯ
ʵ̩ٹ£Ķ·ǹΪ˺ߣΪ˿ٰ͵λ
һһΣһΣ׬Ǯȫһ̩ȱںܴطΣθûбһ˵ٶԽ죬׬ǮԽࡣ
ΪΣܶ·ޣС·ʵûһЩϵĵطҪţ˻ҪϰԼһеÿ
ν󣬾һһгɾ͵ġٹ̩꣬ӦժͷⱩǿñˣȻ̩ĶƺǱȫڡֳ
ҪȥΧ۱ǻôԵľÿԴһЩ񣬳˳ĺ׼һһ鿴ĺ¹ϡ
һôõĶ͸ʶĲ̣ˣΪһЩƽΣô͵
ȻҳĺȻһѿر𱩷ʵĻƽΡ
󣺡
˺ܾòŽҾ߹˹ϻáɫĶһ֬ᣩӲӵǴ󱴿ڲʣõĽϸϸĽߺʡԣʵôֵǮֵǮǹպơ
ѾһɽϣܲˣʱҾ߾顣
±ˣΪѵشӦ
һߣۿǱϢһһĴѾˡ
ۿͶȥ촬룬Ȼ㹤ЭٷṩõͭߺͳһֳɵϺľϣȫõ޴ĹԴȿʹãȫͼֽʵģͣ첻һҴǾ͸ˡ
ߺѾŴһȦ˫׷̣ĸʹãʻذ˹ģĴԱʻƽȣؼֻ
Ժ˵ҴֱǾˡǸ᲻´޲ñΦס档
˭ҲܽҺֿҵŮ񣡡
ϧ˿һɶ⴬ʵ̫ˣõĶϺõ촬ľϣǹΪ޷Ĺܵģʮ꣬ûгҧȻɣĴľͷҪڶң¿ܻʮľͷ
ĲҲ˺ܶ࣬Ѵùˡ
ԣټ֮ûһֹģĴˡ
̩Ĵû޴ֻԭհᡣǶԴ޸ֿ֮ʼеĴĴҪֿתĴҴڲǵʽҲṩУǳַʽǿṹ
õķֿȣתʿ쳣ϲŷȥ˺üȦ
ʱ뱱ĵǻҲˡ
һ·˳ˮ£СΪСϺܶ˶ܲˣһſڴͷ£ȴվڴϣһԶԶʵա
ۿҪˡƺǰˡ컹ûȫۿڳѾвˣҲũε˽ô
εԭһЩ˵ΣٴƫƧũ׬ǮС̡
紵ĳͱϸϸĽ΢Ĺߡ
ǲǳһЩ˹ͻȻʡ
ţֱȻһ˹ߣ𣿡
ֻΪˣ⼸տûʲôθڣѾ׼һЩϲġһλ˲ٻʹ߹ֻܲԺʰɡ˵˹һЦҺеµĴ󴬣ѰĺװôĶ
γУԼĴ󴬣һСʿٶˣгʦŮ輿ɡǸǸĸϵʳţ֮ǻģպڵĴʳߡơζϺľġ
˽Ʒ͸ֿõϵҩҲϡ
·Ķˣ޲⴬ٴһźãǲװ㹻Ķ
ײõˮѹգмֻ֣Ҫ˲䣬Ҳˡ
ÿʱ󶼾ԼܾǴ˵е㶹ԲƵʳҪϻ
ϻڴһЩ͸ɺĲ˲ǸôȻһ£ϴˮδʹϴӼˣһЩײˡִײ˸պúʡ
ĴһѾҪӣȥҪ̣Ů񣨴Ϊ
ӣǴˣֻűˣֻǰΪŮѹһ¡
ô룬ֲˡֲ˵˼
ֲ˿ԳõˮԴ˴ƣ֪Ǵգİ˵
߲˸άءܶബԱں̫׵άѷ֢Ѫ䡭Ŷ˵ĴԱȱάģδ˺ܶʺ͸٣Ϊ¡ɫֲҲЧ⣬һֱڴϣҲҪԵ߲˵İɣ
ĻԱһûšû뵽󿴳Ĳ֮󣬾ȻǷƢĽ͡
Ҳû뵽һδôʺ͸٣ΪϲΪԱҪֲ߲ҲΪ˴ԱǡΪһλϴԱһֱ֪Ա;Уǲµġǳ;о׵ãû뵽ʸٺ߲˾ȻҽΡ
ͬʱһӿǡ̩Ӱ
ݣоͦԺģ̩ġ
ѹһ·ӹɳķӣɳķӵѼҵĳӰÿ˶˵úñӣҪĻϲ˿
һȺ֣ǸˣҾ˵һֱǺµĲŹĺܺãǸˡһˣʲôҪôСı
ˣ޶ۻ߱˵̫ġӴ֮󣬻̲סƭ
ΪۣΪ̲סøУԻⵣһЩ
лҪ˵̩ڣѳԵĶϣˮϴߣĲɾ湻˾ͻɣעⰲȫ~

127 127 

һеۿ֮ȥһĹٷרøۿ, һ޴, ͣһϹġš
󲢲׼, ϲԼԴһҡ
˹һο󡮱һССĴӰӳ, ȻƮȥ, ںϣһǧһͷ̵Ĵ󴬡͡šɫͬ˫ֵ̥ͣһ
˹һû񼣣˺
Ӱڹ, ɫĹ⹴һ, Щʵ˹, ͻȻҪץסһѾתͷˣЦ˹ǵĴҸô
һ˲, ˹ҲЦá
˵ΧѹѹѾһƬ
ĶҪһȥ˹Ϧɳ̲, Զں档
һδҴææ, ûԹۿڵķ⣬Ҫͣһգһߡ
̩ҲΨһó׸ۿ, ȻۼźܶˡǿͼͣҪôֱϵĻﻻµģҪôֻͣռǰҡΪЩˣۿھкܶ˽˵ùݣùſкܶĴ󺺡
ɳ̲ľͷһŵľƹݣˮڴǽְҵƵŮˣһ˳Ǯվܻ⣬ŮϣھϣеЩʳϡ
˺ü꣬ûȥĵطе˿һʵʵڵĵײϢ
ǹȥһҿ϶ʲôԡָ˹֤ǿҲ
˹ôֽĶϵˣѿñϣ¶һͷ˿Ҳ
۾ɫŵͷĿˣЩֱɣ²ýǵĻϡ
˹꣬ʲôĵײ㶼ǿҲЩν淽ʽ֮һѣֻߣ¶ûˡ
Ȼ˹û뵽ֱֱͣߵ̨ڣʲôƣ
ͷȼŻ棬ɺһˮҹ飬ӦǺƯ飬һҹͻ뿪ع麣ϣںϡ
Ŀ˹̨ǰǸ˵ע⣺Ϸģ
´󣬿ϧ谵Ļи塣˿һЩѹεģһЩ
˵ǱؾÿһﹺЩ˳Բͻתˡ
û˵ԼҪֻ˵ˡ
˵ţ˹߽һЩԭſһˣһߴҡ·һߴǺǴк
١һߴĴӿˣЦһˣǿɲˡòְ㡣֪ļܳĹӵܡ
˹£һơƣöˮĺŪңԴ
˿η壺ҵͷϾҲûȾˡ
˵ָ󺺵һƣʣһҪͣ죿
û˵ֻǳĬ
˵ϷԼעⰲȫЦ˵
ϵķͦģĺ˺һ׷ܡǿǳûƵļƮɱҲɱꡣ
²˵ݣǿǺ̡ܶǿẠ̊́Ҳǿӣ任
Ǹ󺺲ˣԹԺȾƣƱ
ӣӦſˣһжϰΪģ
о𣿻ƽľơһ§һŮ߽ڹ̨¼öǱңԵģҪ衣
ЩֳɵģƱܿ˾ƣٴӹó衣
СúܣԭΪӦһǸŮ˵ģԼһְһ֮ģһŮˣ԰ⶫ
һϻӵŮЦһһƣѡʮСʳ
е㲻ˣһɫƤŮֱϵİ̺ۺϵĵŭ˲ȥ
Σȥ⣬ɲƭƭ͵Ķ⡣ǿԭǸС̣ŵͼθ߼Ϊ
ʵ˸ΪԼʲô˲
ۿڼرϸʲô𣿡ڽ̸
˵ӵˡҪȥμӱǻʽڸۿ˺ܾãϧûпһ˵
˵Ȩﶼǲм˵̩ӣȴ𾴡ˣҲƺǡӵ¡Щõı仯ԼѹҩʹʩΪѵײҲ˿
û˻᲻ϣԼأġ
Ŷ̩ӡֺгĻðһгŲмģڳ֮ǰǸˡ
һͼõ˹עС׾ƣŽţǴʴʣ治֪ϲʲô紫һǸˣΪʲôȥЩˣЩ˾ȥԼڼ
ΪԼҵƴȴûע⵽§źȾƵķŮͻȻվ鲻õ

˹ַĵϣȴְס˹ҡҡͷܺ˻ʲô˵
ǰζҿܶΣ׬ܶǮһÿֻһٵΡȻΪ˽ҸУסںͥԺУÿҡ˽ߣӦһ˾סɽƶӵ˵ƫﶼǲм
˹Աߵĺת˼ǣóƽƶ˵ӣԼȴҺ⣿ıӵֲ޲ӡ͡ΡƽϢϷĻֺͱߣһмȴסԺӵķӣ
һ£ͦӣһֻû˵䡣Ѿõ꣬ǰ̫áûӣⲻһͨˡ
һ仰һβŭȰŮɽƵľƱűǿſϡ
ħʹߣŮɶŭĿӣ;ĶˣħſĴţ˵һϣһš
˱ŮʹᣬĿɿڴҲˡ뵽Լո˵ʲôˣǣҡ
ΧƿҲɫԭͰЦеľƱֱӷҵľƹݹȥ
֪ΪʲôҸΪʲô޴ˡΪι㣬仯ǿ׳㣬޲ʹϣҩħΪְණҲܳԵһ۵ľƣ
ŭɶؾסСˣһһϳƹݣȻһ߶һȡ
ֹҼ̫ˣתƽĵͼΣûмȾûƽƵ۾ƣͬ
裬Ȼ
ÿ˵͸һȭһȭһ˵꣬˵׵ûˡ
ңǴģ˵һΣʹһȣ
˾ˣһҲˣһϵ˼š
֮ǰǸɫƤֱе̵Ů߹£õ˵ϧﲻɱˡһ񣿡
˲һ£
лҪ˵ƣ()"Ҳû

128 128 

˸óԳԣúȺ, ֮ǰƵŮѾҵһ, ƱЦǺǸµĿ˽ܵľơƽ, һжģ
ֻе, ò˼, ʶǲݸһϷ
ûЩΪʲôôάǸûֱأҲûиЩṩʲôİ
ҰɣʵǸ˵ҲûȷǸͨ, ҲԼ˽, ʱҲѡΪԼ˽һ˵档ʽ˰, Ϳɱһв׼ô
Сƹһ뿪ˣ˹ںҹߣһյơ
˹ΪʲôҪάңڻ̲סʡ
ʵľ˹һֱ, ʱˣ˵ΪǸл㰡¡
ʲô𣿡
˹õС·, ûпӵĵ·ûʲôΪʲôأ
˵, ûҩûбд衣ûиαԼһ߲ô, ҲֻһˡǰǰӣصߣҪŰ꣬ɳ̲
ҡҡͷǱºͬĹͣļ˾ǡ
Ҷ֪˭Ĺ̩ͣļ˾ǣͱ£ǣҪҩûҩһϵбԼ벡˵Ĵʩȥļ˾࣬ҲһǰֻˣˣͿˡȬÿԶⲻĹͣ
һ仰˰ÿһճÿһϸ꣬䰮ÿһ衯Ӧл㡣
²ػ֣̿Щл㲻߲£ֲƽ¡Ļƽ
˺ߣ˶ˣ
˹һһ˵ߵ˴ΪȻҲأغܶ಻ֲŬֲջȴ١ƽȴӦߵأƺܺãһزʳ㹻һáƽĳֻ֣Ƕ̩ۿڵľۿڵ˶ãЩռСĵ˶õġ
˹һ·ȥ˰׺˾Ͳ͹۵ӽǣɴеóһϢ߸ܸߣ仹Ǹ߲㡣ҪΪӰķΧܴôķҩӰ췶ΧҲܴͬ
Ķ˶мǴ󲿷ֿ϶׽Ը֪ά
Ҳ̩ŵһҪԭ֮һţٲҪҲ
ڸۿסһҹﴵһҹĺ磬һɫǳӡڶѹˬܵĸۿ߳ӵ˴ϡ
ԱڰķѹõݣǺݺϻޣ
̫ܴҺܶʼְȦģʽֲ˺ܶʵĺݺϻޣƽ֪ǺöԼһһЩι֮ţȻƼá
λãľ˰ײˣŴµ·緢ָˮּΦˡ
⣬ǻԺٶȡڴһͷһľƬͬʱһԱʼܣľƬͬľʱͿͨԱٶȲԺٶȡٶȵġ
Ƿֻܿϴʶ;ԼϵĶաȷ򡯡
Ϊ˴һָ룬һöɫԶָϷָ롣
⻹һͲԶָ
в٣Զ治ˣҪһȴûҵô߿ͷִİˮôֲߴɫ
ʦ˵ѧ߱¶¡ǵһЩʽһתʵоצ
֪ϲصĲԼķ䡣һķ䣬ԷϢҡȵȹܡһӦöϲʱı׼ֱݻ
кܶܶ໪Ĵͳ̩ΡΪҪˣ̩棬Դ󲿷ַζǳҲ΢˽õġ
һһţ򿪾˹ķ䣬Ƿͨġذϵë̺ƿ֮󣬻һСͨһ㡣
ʵһ㻹дңкܴһ÷Ҳסڵһ㣬ͽչ
һǴԱסĵطȫǹ̶õ´ӣŴԱ˽Ʒ˯ĵطйϢͷɵѵԡͳҲ
ڶ㣬Ƿʵģ˺ŵһ㣬һ㣬ʳġƷȼϣлһЩС;
һ㣬ͨŻѹյģһͰͰĵˮûеˮûģࡣ
Ҵ濴ȥ㣬㿴ҲѾСи¥ĸо󷿼滹иƽ̨ڸӿӦúܲ
ڲt̨Φ˵һֻܵվСƽ̨дԱȥֵࡣ
t̨ʵЩΣգҲǴԱ˷ܣҪȥ֮ǰΪһҴ󴬶ǱѾһܣδʣֶһԲt̨վø߸ߵġ
ϿյĿһǳðɣ
ѵһ٣Ȼ
Լһֽϲt̨һ£Աǩ˳
뿪˸ۿڡͷô󣬿ۣ֮ԳһζĿǺɫƤģͺŵĻƺɫƤȫһԶһ۾ܿ˫̥
ۿڵ˶߻֣ԶǣбȣһӣҲء
ֳ̩󴬣ܱ߹Ҳһв
ǵһվҪȥһĪɵСǼ̩Ͷǿ֮С֮һҪ˵ʲôɫžǳʯǱʯֲرãоƷԴҲ٣ڻǿɱʯȡʣ̩Ͷ޶ϡ
СһۿڣҪǺ͸ױʯǸȻһ
ܸۿڵʱĪѾнӵ֪ͨĹԱڵȴǵһοȻֱ֮գԼĴֻȳ˳ӡǿ֮ƾֶԱ䣬һԱ̲סп̩
ӳ΢Цź˵ˡʱ̲סһ䣺̩ӣ˸оɹŶů̫һ졣
ϵڴͣһ죬һʣʵҪ䣬ûôģһķòڶ̳ǰһվ㡣
鴬塢ʺػҴ
˹׼ȥߣʵǿŮʮҡǶһ·Լ˿Ǹ̺ĻͷźɫɴñԿ棬濴档
һߵĻһˣ˵ۿڳеٳ
ҪͽӴһǵġʯ֮ǡǲۿĽг
һĽֵ߸
͵ʹССķӴµڵ·ࡣЩ̽һҼҵز鿴ʯĴСȻѯʼ۸񣬶Աȼ۸
⻹˰̯ӣϷһ鲼һЩʯԭ
ٳ˵õıʯһЩ˵ļǲóŲСЩӵϺñʯĵȻǱȨƵļ壬һ˿û˽غõıʯ
Ժܶڿ˵ڵϺñʯĵһʱĳ۱Ƚϸߵļ壬ǰȫòƸİ취ôһ죬ͺͱʯһʧˡ
ڽϣһЩС͵ǵ۾˵ϻڹһ˿ЯĲѾβ׷ĳˣ࿴ۣһֱԼǸС͵ͷѸٿ֮ΣͲ֪ˣΪѾսһӡ
ʵܶҲһˣҲһԷСٳ
ԹԣʲôͷȻٳȣ
ЩɫС͵СȻһʱ뿪ߣҲͣٳһ۸죬ǼڱƴѰ˿ûĴǱӶϴ֡㡯ЦݣһȻǺĹˡ
ˣɲζǮ
кñʯ͵Ŵ˵ĳЩ˾Ķˡ
лҪ˵ƣΣ


129 129 

ڽֱС̯ǰţ̯϶Щĩˮ, ɫ, ͨ͸Ҳ, ϸĥҲĥõ
ûϸ, Ǵſһ, Ȥȥһҡ
˵ʵЩ۹رޣ΢һıʯʲôŵ㣬οֱС̯϶Ǳ߽ϵʱʯ, ҲһЩСϲչȥһ㲻ֵǮ
ЩС̯ûʲôֵ, û뵽һͱ˴
ǰͷһ̯, ̯϶ЩѾõıʯ뱦ʯʵӻֻѰѵõգÿһƷһرζ
һۿһöĴָСһ觵׹ӣ͸Ⱥܸߵɫ, ޵ĺɫ̵÷ǳϸ鶯һֻСոմˮһԾ۶⡣
, ˭̵ģСģƤ׾, ĵСԽʱҪ
˹Ը롣
̯һ꣬û̵ļ, žֱ֪ʡཱིˣѧУרſĵ̵İ༶֪ʦʲôӵġ
ʦûǿһβС㣬Ǵʦ
һôΧЩţսս˵׹
ԭǼסһˣõ̻ȡһ΢ǮơôֻţΪһˣʯ֮ÿնдǳھסǲģȴѾס˰ࡣ
˵һǮͻ뿪꼸Ҫ޳
ԭֻǵһ£ΪԹʲôζҪȥĸʲôӣû뵽ȴôһ¡
ãԼҪǾô߿ȴǸ˵Ķ벻ʲôý֡һ̵գ
˺ܿϧȥʦҲˣ˲ǶƵġ
˵ȥ𣿡
궶ʰ˶öǱΪ󹤷ѣ˵Ǹӣˡ
꿴һۣĬĬЩǱңûϵļںƫƧĵطһЩССӣճڵϣֶຣ㣬ǸҾͱˡ
ڿϰˣͻȻֻصǰƶ߻ҸҸҶе㲻ʡ
Һ֮Ǿ͵ļҡ֪ӦòӦ˵Ǽңһʯźܶˣʯһͻ˵ļңʯ廮ֵķΧ
ԭΪСĴʦǸˣû뵽ȴǸӣƾɵ·ϣ㲺ͲɣһˣȴڸǱʡ
ϣɫ԰ףָ͸ŲɫǿϵļӲλġ
֣ΪʲôҾе죿ܾƺĶȴ벻
˭ģпһ̧ͷǡ
ˣСôҪѰһ̵Ľˣ֪ûȤΪҹ̩˵
˹˹룬ȴû䡣
˹Ҫ룬Ǹȴôһ̩ٷʣȷҪûûķˣ
˶һ£ʱɲ̫
̩ĹٷԣͻȻð棬˿ͻȻǵĹӣʱĹ߳ĵ̼
ƾļգʱɱʮʱļֵһ˫֣Ըʯͷ꣬ôǷأ˵
ҪˡȻ
ˣǰСûʲô⣬ͷĹʹʱҲһЩõעŵҲͿˡ
ЦһЦϤиǿңֻζ벻
ɹ˲Ըߡ
ʰԼĶһеĹߣһЩǮȫǸ꣺ȥһӣһһֻţú
ǸЩǮ㲻𣿡
ҵġ˳Ĭһ˵Ȼߵǰ棬̩ԣѾ׼ˣˡ
֮ʯû򵽣ȹӶһϵĽˡ
ϲӵ£˸߳ĵ̽ˡٳάһֵʣ֪¶ЩıʯûȤ
˵ʵһ䣬һԱȤʵûкҪʲôʯֱӸλٳллٳҵıʯѾܶˣֻǳ˵ʯ֮ǣǲʺ˯·뿴һʯ֮ǡ
ٳֻ̽һʣûȤҲͲᡣ˵ʯ֮ǲʺ˯ֱһ;һ˸ɫλ֮ǣһͯһȤ
ʯ֮Ǹֱ׼һЩһϢ
һ䡮ʺ˯ۿڳеٳ߸һգһȺʲôû򣬽ϵıʯȷʵһ˵㡣
һߣʯ֮ǸʯıصͷѾ̽ݣ̩ӡǸϷйĴˣٳ˵ƺʲôʯǻҪһԡ
ǿǿȻܣ̩ӣվŵĿǿ̩ԼҵľҵִǾ͸ˡ
óõĲƷȥëԼǿԵİɣ
סڴ
ϣЩ˱ź͵˺߸ۿڣҹĻо޴Ĵſˮ
˼ҶŶˣһ̫òͬһֻһֻһˡ
űʯëԼ˾ʿĵǹСߴϣȻܺҲܼȴһ˿Ķñʲô쵱ɱ
ӣڻѾյӳúͰһ
˵Ҫڵƹ¿ʯƺƫɫˣҲ޷
ʯһ߽Ǳ⸻ûʵĻһ¡
񻨵ľص˿ɴˮһĲ˹ɫë̺ļҾǽ˿骵ģӲӺɫĶӣ̫µĺˮԡ˿骵αǶųеĿ棬һֻ񿡵İɫĿؿǣվŵļӶ̽ġ
˺࣬ⶼҴԴĶԼŲѡôķ
֡ǮƷζķ񣬶ЩԼеıʯǱ
֮ǰһԼұʯǾˣ̩Ҳ׾ٹڱʯ֮¡Ǻǿµľ֣һ⣬ûô򵥡
ǽд˵ĻңѾӡ
ʱŮƿһţ˹߽ŵӣһЩͼⷿһļֱؼˡƺǿȻ΢ЦҲһ˺һŮȴǰΡ˵ͷԼ
ôºЦ¡
˾ͺСĵƷһ¡
һͰһڣˣ˵бʯô
ô˵
ǲ֪ô˵ãǰԼӵеľǾˣŷֲСұѡƨɵŵֽһӲӵľͷ񻹸Ưһ㡣
˵ŽϳĹʵǸֱʯ㲻öأﻹǴĶ
һ곤Ŀ˵ĪɹʢʯÿһҪһƷСûǵ۹⣬֪ʯûǾͽõղȴǵ۹Ŀˡ֪Ƕű¿һµۣȴҲӵеõĶ
һ˵ţʹľӣƹºﷴɵĹ⡣
лҪ˵ƣһյջ񣬱أ1


130 130 

һöʯж쵰ô, СҲиӵС, һɫ, ʡʯĸ̡챦ʯ, ϱ֮óϵȵ¹ʯʯʯʯǹ챦ʯèʯȵȡ
Ķһȭͷɫȼߵİˮ, ⲻǸպĥƬô
ףĪҹҲ󣬾Ȼܳôֱʯ
£һӦռģһЩĪɵزʯ, ϲ, ¡˹̩˵
ͷ, Щǣ뽻ʲôֱýӡ齻
Ժߵ˵ҲһֻңǱȽתƷĻңڽӣȻûͨ, ˽һֱС
һҪҩһҪ飬һҪĻױƷǱļ۸Ըг, ǱʯֶһҲ˵ãϲͻúмֵ, ϲ;òһʯͷ
ҪĶȻЩʯͷ
ԼƷᣬûʹùĶǿƷ, ǾսȥֻװͨʯϷЧʯ
ˣȴڿ˹˹㿴ʲôһ£ǽĽ⣿
˹֪һ߽һչ˽ǵţ̷һ˵ҵļûгҵǸˣпǵġǻۡ
ǻۣƺͲһ㡣
ǰпǵʹпӣСǻ֮ӡ˵пǵϹǿǻۣԼĶȢĽ㡣˹¶˼ı飬һΪҲѾ
һεֻ
пԭĵһĵܵܣˡԭֻǰϧ˵գӣΪʲô취
ѾԼкܶʱȥ˵˼̩̫ãǷΣ֪ǲ뱦ʯ۳̫࣬⼸컹ǶιһЩεĶʳ˶ԣҲͲ̫⡣
̩ĶĶ˲ţ߲ܡ
Īͣһҹڶ뿪˱ʯ֮ǣһվǶ޵ǻۡĵϵһ࣬Ҵ󴬲ǱͣҪһͣ£ȻСȥ
ÿ϶Ҫ۲ȷǵ·ǷȷȻָ룬ϰԼİ취Ȳһ¡
Ԥļƻǻպ󵽴޵ǻۣһЩ仯
£б꣬ҽ̾ͽҸۿͣغ˵
ãԡרҵʿܱ
ԥһ£ǣͣĸۿֻк赺ĸۿڣǺľۼءҲܱ֤ǲᱻϡЩ޼ɵһ죬ûйԱвɲ̩ĺ
˼һ£иõķƼ죬ɴСҸۿͣΪá
ʿϿף̨Ͷʯ׼ãǳǰȥĸۿڡһ¡ϷĴֻԴ͹Ч»𹥣ôѵصʿ㹻ͶԺƵĿԲ
ǣ¡
ҺΪ֮˾ͱò˳󺣿ʼӿձ䰵ԶƺƵ죬һ绮ʣưô꣬ձһˮк¡
վڴϵͻ
һţ˹ͷϣһĨȥϵˮһ߱ܽա
÷Ѿ˸ë£ɾ·Ѿ׼ˡ˵ַԸһЩŮǿʼæµ
óాһЩԱҲҪȡһ˵һ߱˹ƽҡֳס˹죺һˡ
ϴָӴԱķ򣬼ӿȥۿڵٶȡһоĴǵһ꣬ʱһСҪΣա
侲Ĵ԰ԱĽţÿһ׼ȷʵʩһж˳
ֱ
ʮСǰΧһ΢һĴϣһĺںҡվڴͷЦҿʲôⲻ̩ҡ𣿡
ܴҲܴѾûҲܵ谭ǴϵʿӣǺη̩ˡ
֪̩ÿţ͸Ļڻ·װ׵ġ
ΪһʣȻԼѡԹԴڣ鷳
²صģһЩˡ˹˵ǿĴֻ򲻹Ⱥ㣬̩ˡ
˹˵ȴûһ֪֮ԣ̩Ρèлð䱪ӣ˭֪̩׷Ŵ򵽼ſڣŵǹЬӶˣ
üͷȺСǺб׷ţ׼¶ˣҲֻһս
ʱһСʮңıǵĻսһ㣬ֻǺĴЩ϶վˣһ
ͷΧغɫͷǿĺͷ
üͷ֮ǰһЩСýȻһĺͷˣͻ鷳
Ǵû뵽ǣһĺûָ̩Ĵָֻ֮ǰЩһӵĺվڴͷÿ
֮ǰĺʲôͷֻһ˳Բ¡
̩ӵĴӵĺ˵
ôһʼĺţܹĶݣҿûУǺʲôʱʼһˣֵܰɱ˵ʱûôĥĥʲô顣
¡
һ硣ԽƽˣͻȻķ蹷һϢȻʼŭǰûеֿ֮
󴬳ˮףһƽȣʱҲǿҰڶһվȥǰ濴
˹İȫվԱߡ
ķ߲㣬һ·ߵǰ棬Ӹ£ԿϵĴΧǵˡΪܴ󣬿ʲôóԶһȻԶݸ˹
㿴ǲھƹǸˣ
˹ùԶȥĺûǸӵϳˣھƹάǸӡ
ʵ̫ˣô
ÿҪͱ깲𣿡ӵĺ俴еĺͷǡ
˿ɫѾȫȥԶķ˺ˮôˣ󴬻⣬СзΣաǶСΣߣˣҲֵظϣȻ̩ӡ
̩֮ƮںϵĴţȻĴ󴬴󱦱Ӧġ
򰡣
̩ӣֶ
ȨһЯźܶһҪǳԱˣʮҲ
Ҵ󴬡һ㶼η壬̩ľǿںϱܡţԼֵһԴЩų̩˵ܶҴǲĴ׬׬
ϧȻҲúͷˡ
ǿɲźͷ˵Ķ飬ЦǺ飿Լһ˶̰ˡ
ԼѺͷ͸͸ģЦһͷ㲻Ҫ̣ôɸʲô㲻ΪһŰɣȻһɣ֣
ǿһò̬ȫ̩˵ͿʼָŲˡ
ҪҪһŹĴԱʴ
Ǵе㿴Ŀǰ״ôСʧ棬ڰ֣ٿ
ٿӺĻӦҪԼ߾Ҫ̷ܸǻᡣ
Ҫ˵һÿӳҲҪˡ
ޣͷôĪ̩ͷ
ȷͷԴˣȻҪ̩ӣ̩֪˭ָ߸ϵȨ󶼲мڿŵ׵һۡнûյѪȥĺһִĹ壿
Ц̩ӣƣҵҪǲǱǼܻӭġҪƯɱ㣬ЬͷǹƱ
⺣ֱ޼ɵҪǴֻ̩ʴȡΪƽȥʺӡһֻһȺǣһʲôη֮
Ȼӵ»ɱӵ£֪мһʵĴ
̲סˣӵܼģ
˹ҲѾҪüĻŴĵ׼Ǹſĺ
һֻ˹ֱϣ˵Լ
ɫӡ
һ磬ɫкʲôХ̶
ӥ
һֻɫչ˫һ޷׽ٶһҴ˵ʱʱ죬۾ֻܿһӰһĽ
ԭ֮ǰǸĺڵϣ˫ס۾УָѪѲӶȾɺɫ
ǸɫڿתһȦ˵ֱϣһɫƤס
˾վڸ߸ߵĴݵĴɫĳ紵ˣŭķѩ
лҪ˵ƣֻҪߵ˲ҿ񱩵Ļᡣ


131 131 

ңϧҲ뿴۹۾̩, ˭ҵͷǹʢƣվ
ֳž, ֻв˻ڴˮڴͺϵ
, ֱӿ, 谭, ײ١
γѣǣ¡
ȴʲô֮ǰΧǵĴѾת˷һΪ̩Ҳûô, ƢܺøʥһӾȻôǿӲ, ΪԽԽˡȵ꿿, 󴬻һӳĻᣬСȴֻд³
ͣǰĺͷĺҲȫת򣬴Աµ𽬣Ÿۿڼǰ
һЩʱ䣬Ǵӻڷ籩֮ǰͣһ޴Ȼۿ, ϶һ޴ĸƴêСڴ󴬸
ۿںܶຣ֣һȺǿŽѵĴҰţҰţǺó, ǷҲҪ˫ĿץϹĺΪûмֵѾ, Ŀǰڹ״̬
վڴ⿴ҹĻСǺɫһּɽһЩǵ㣬Զ, ֪ʲôǾסĵط߾ƹݡ
׼õι࣬ݵվڼϣ̧ͷͦذȺۡ
˹ϲֻɫݣϧ಻֮κˡ
ۿ֮󣬴Ͳƽڻݲ裬Сġ
˹˵ɺھƹݼλһֱ⣬оɺϣһͦǿǿΪҪͬǰάİȫܾĶԵӣͷǿôô
Ѿȥˡһ͸֪ˡ˹˵
֮ǰ˹ͱ˺üнͷ쾭͵ײ
£ʱѾ͵͵˺ﺣܶ࣬˭Ҳû취ˣ˵˼ڻ˾ѣѾ˾ƹЩ˰ţ
ǵյѾ롮ͷ׶ΣҲ֮ǰһͻ̩ӳ֡
СΪԼʲôôһֻ˵ˣΪԼϵͷͷˣһͷСӵĺһߺȾһֿһĺ
ڳЦץϹ˫۵ĺҲûͬ꣬һֱǿ˵㣬̩ӵǿɱ֮ǰԵºϲ
ͷΪʲôҪ̩ӣΪ̩˾ȹһҲ˲ףǺʲôʱ͹ٷôˣǵģһ˹ֲġ
һ׺ӵĺ˺ҧһֻһͺĭ㲻֪𣿺ͷ̩ˣĸֵ̩ܶءǰֵֵȥ￴ô
˵ͷ𣿼ǰͻˣСӴӿѧһֵֹĹ£ʲôë¿ߣк֮࣬ͦȤһ˵
ۼźܶຣ壬֯ĴӪڲϢҲࡣ
Ҳȥˣȥ˿һˣǴʶЩҩõġ˵۸˶ʮ౶򲻵
ʱһǴǾ
֮ǰ˵ĺЦһȥڸۿڣȥʿɺ֮ǰȥ̩ӣӴԺͲȱҩˡ
һĶʹң˵
֮ĻͺûӪˣһ˵һ˵谡һպϻѭԻ
ģʽֱǷַӰѾƱһҴ
һȺˣͲ֪ʧȺǵ벻ˡ
簡갡İǴƴ¾á
ƹݵűһ߿˰һ룬֮ô򣬸ֻоƱչĿˣͷ˵Ǻ̩Ⱥˣ
ԭľǺͷһˣΪ׾ǳŸ첲ĳӴ󺺣һСͷһʱˣϱһ٣Ǻǹ߻Ṵ˵ʫС
Ҷ֪ôĺġͷޱ˵
ҵȻкġôȤĺ飬һôĵ飿Ʊ˵ſŵĻ꣬þò˵ȥ˿ôλ֮ƽ֮ǣ
£ȻٲãĻҪãȻֻһ̼һǻˡ˼
ǾʹЦûǣкǡ
һߣȥ˽Լ̽Ϣ㱨˹ͬʱǵĴӱຣΧҲֺѾĬľҪ㡣
ȻǲǣǱϾ϶࣬Ҫ׼һʱ̺ѽ˵
ֻ±һͣЩ˾ͻῪʼ϶ҧȻǿʿӢ£ǵ̫ˡ
תϵĽָ㲻ãʤҲֻǲʤЩʿţôԺҪôȥԣԾ²ߡ
ʲô취嵽Щ˻Ǵأ
˹ҲȺҧʨӣһһվһ·ȥ
ǡƣգŽĺȺһһƣͻðܶࡣ
ҪȥȥҲˡס˹ݵĺ಻֪뵽ʲôи뷨˹Ը´һô
ʲô£ðաҪֹ
һѷӿʧһֻʲôòҲɱһǧ˰١˫Ǻ¡һԣ˵
ҪȰȴѾףϵͽˣѡʮʿߡ
£ȫ
΢΢һЦ˶˻ǵļɵбġˣȥѾƿѾʮͰߣҲȥ֡
赺ľƹУƵԽԽĺĺ߽СĺԾ˳ȥԭľƹݻģķֳ˼ϵԵһЩϵõĸԶԶġ
ΣǰǶలµദһοˣ
ԣڱȴ֮ǰǲġ
Ȼٲ˵ġҲǻѵãһ¾ۼôຣŵĺƽգЩ˸أɲСƹݴ롣
һ߸ǵˣŶ̺ӣ۾ϸż¶һ˫ɫ۾һЦеģҲĨȥɭ׺ζǺͺͷԸܾõһŵͷӣ˺档
ͷ²ԽˡҲ֪ʲôʱɵ̩߹ģЦӵĺ
²㵹һûӡӺû˵˵
ЦһҺͷ˵ʲôûء
Ҫ˵ӺסôҲ⣿ֻ̫Ӳ̫
ҧ죬
泰Ц㿴ˣĸ⣿̩ͷʨӣҲעﱻҧһ⣬οĿһֻᡣ˵ŵӿǸʲôӣ
ˣ²ǡӺЦһ̩ӵĵλδǶ̩㳲ƽ˺赺ҲǸһΪܴ̩̩˿ۣ棬ҪҲ㣬Ҳˮ
ƹӣһ˶̩ӺкøУ׼֡һ˱
ͻȻеţСֶˣֱƿˣһİ˽ҡ
ȳֵȴˣһֻ˸ߵѩʨӣһɫƤëһëǺӣ۾Ǳɫеıʡ
һӴֶߵĹâʨϼܿĳһɱ¾
Ȼһֳֻߴİʨͷϣ࣬һʨҪˣɫĳɢٲ
˵֮أǴڴפѾãóóȻݱܷ꣬ʹһ˵һʧġԣصشƹҽѡ
һ̩˵һôЦ۾ܡ
λ᲻ӭҰɣ
лҪ˵ƣҪƣҪ

132 132 

ӭ̩ӡƱ⼸ļžЩ˷, , ̩Ҳ֮ͨһ, ö
˹粢߽, ִ˹һСԼĴڸ㷭ȫ, һεȷֺ̫վһ࣬Ҫиһܵʲôġ
֮ǰžͰʿ, ǰѾͰ, ˻ص, һܡ
ʿӽӲСǣе㿴ķչȻƯЦеģ߸һֻޣһ仰һ˾ѹס˾ƹô˵, ϶ҲǼ
˾ȻǴǸ޿úһ̩ӣ
ң
̩ӡĺƤЦⲻЦԶӭӭ
, ոҪͷǹʢƣҪҵ, λĻӭ棬˼̡
һλãﱾ, ˳һλãʨë
ӵĳǲ٣ôûǴ˵еİɫӥ
һֻڹ̨ϣ°̩ͣˣվˡ⣬żҲﱨƽü˵ġһʱҲңȻҡ
Ȼû˵в˼װסѾʹϼңиһϼҵļҳһ˹ɨƽ
̩Ϊǿеģ˭ҲϣϾ˫ȫһûȱװ࣬УҲǮװȽҪ̩ڶӳ˵
浱ȻҲûŲ˵Լ£ֻܴӱĽǶȳ󣺡ճ˼ŵĺӣȻ֪ﲻģôԹԴĳ
ȴҪܵ
ôܵȥѵһˣԵ֣λֵܽúȾƣλ˵òãʣһСпľͰķҪˡ
ãȺһӦȴ֪ҲҡˡҪʱζƮʵ̫ˣƳڸڵڣƹܲˡ
ããҹϲȾˣһ֪úȣ
ƱҪʮ룬ֱͰ㵹£ɫľˮΪһڹ̨ϣƹпϧ
ʵ̫ŨˣõƣѲؼĺþƣչһʱԳƵ϶ˡ
һʼڵ溣̲ס࿴۹̨ϵľ롣
þƣѾͰһţСָſĻȻ̨̨ϡ
һֶһƣиϰߣþϲͶƵһȡỵ£ҲȾƣҪľˤˡһ߸˺ȾƲ𣿷ǵôɱɱܾˣ
ҳʱ򣬿һµС£̵ְ
ЦŽ˵һ飬ֿˣλںҲƵôˣôബﶼʿиʲô𣬱𴦵ᵽζ᲻һ𣿶飬ɢףɾûôˡλ˵˵Ķ𣿡
ǺӮӮǰͷһ̩һǵſʳһڵͬ࣬δʲô³
ĺ˵ˣܶĺ˻ȥǶСûʧܺıǮҪСġóԣҲÿŵʲôˡ֮ǰǱۣعˣֲǣһѡȻȱ
ɵͷ
һԼߺܶСҪȥҪ˵ʲôͷǱжˡ
Ӻվ߹һۣһƣ๾һ룺þơ
ѵĺΪݣţ׵ΪƵƣ쫷Ϊ赸Ϊ֣ôܲʹʹһһͷһںȸơ
˭˶ºϵı꣬ƫĺΪϥģѪҺڡˬ˺ǵϲǹͲŽҰġ궯ְ
һþƣһЩһľͰҾƱҪ롣ոջŵľƹݣһ¾ͳ˿񻶵ᣬŲ㺣ȥȡơƣ·̩Ƕѡ
溣֪ȥòɨһѶ
̩úһƤҲץס˵Ҫ̨ףһ¾Ͱò׾£˴ɢˡ
ʨվһ࣬˦βͣһצӣɭź⣬вҿ˹ɫվһ࣬һһȾƣȰ˺Ⱦơ
֮ǰͺ˵ˣ˹һҰ˲Ҫһεģ֮ͽˣ㣬˭š
ƻ˵ʹĹؼҪɣ˵ĵӦǿ飬û뵽ɵôãұΪݡĺһ¾һĺøжȡ
˹żǵһμʱʱʮۣҲǶһ̩ˡ
һ˵ԺС
ߵı·װףǾܾˡ
׵˺ܶ࣬һЩͷԭҲһˣǾûܹʲôõĽҲ̵ѧЩǿˣ޷ܾΪͰ
ǼпܵĻ
ԭͲ׼͵Ȳᣬ׼һĶʼùġ
ҪԼ˵ȥһֵ֪εı
ңҴĴС̩ʿսĿԶԶڶӮĿԡδֿܻ̩˵̵ְ
һԼĿԣǾʹ⣬ĺȾˡ
˵Ǻúȣˡ
ľͰѲصѾƣΪľͰˮѾᴿζ㴼ƾҲȻǺþƵˣճȵľƶߣһѾƣûסϰߺȣܿͰԼˡ
һҪȥЦɫ/顣ոջһã۾΢С
̩ӡûͻȻһֻ֣ץסͷֱ̨һңϥԷݺһײŰ˶ڵϡ
⺣ڵϣȴֻһֻŲԴϣɫͮͮģһһ˭ҲҺȣЩƺ˭ҲȥҽҪʹˣ
˶ʱ˱ڽµĵùС⣬Ʊյ
оû˼һһֻĿͶһЩõӸԣһЩֱ˺СƹЩСҲֵһ⣬ƺⶼһЩ
һ٣һֱԵƹȫǶϻŻšһʼͱ˵溣ιȥǺųӺʡΪʲôΪʲô֮ģ֪ĻΪʲôء
һͺŵһɾϣƻľƣһûһʨëе
ûƵļ
˹֪ˣʼеظëĶˡֻˣЩˣͲʲô׽ľٶʲôŵ
£ˣǸˡ˹˵ˣѾȥ
ãȻؿһۣͷ
˹ߣ鷳ĲѾˣҪġ
ӵҪ𣿡
̧ͷǳӺһУȺѵĻм󲿷Ҳſˡ
п˹ϣЦļ˶Ҫƽƽ
ˣ˹ֻǳǵͷˡ
Ϊʲô˵ʲôʲôƽƽһͷס
ٵָңףƽƽ𣿡ȴ֪ϳˣϴȥ￴ˣʫ˵˼£ֱۿߵϢ
ӵºͿʱȫһһһǱĻ档
һһ̩ʿһͰ˵þƵˡ
ʿ¾ͰˣͰȴַԡӺ˵ȥٿ
ʱ˹ѾָŴԱê׼֮ǰЩԼǴСһ󲿷֣СͣţȴΪ赲ǳȥ
̩ӣ´Ⱦƣ
лҪ˵ϲңѺá
ƣˣһƵ¡


133 133 

ˣһͰҩѾ͹ȥˡʿ
˹ͷ, վڴ, ŴָӴԱתķ, ʻۿڡ
һ߹¿ɻãֳ֪ʵ, ǹʿתľս, ôĺΧһ˹ˣӾȻȵеѣȡƽ뿪
ԭȶֻǱ񶼿ˡŴƱӺӪȫ, ˵ȥ, Ǹ档
̩ӣ
ûʲô顣˹, Ѻ鴦֮ͻȥ䡣һҹľ߶ȽҲƣúܣϢҪȥ˯ġ
أ˹Ҳ, ʰ÷
ԡ÷˵
˹һ㶣ˣϸȥûʲôˮ
һˡ
һ˲˹뵽һЩõ飬ɫ΢΢仯, ֱײԡҴš
ײ¾Ϳˣ˹ܹȥ, ԡ״ԡףˮ, һԡԡһͷ˯ˡ
ǡ˹һ麹ȳȥ
÷֪ϲ̣߳ȥš
£˯ġ˹Ҫ󱧳ȥԡȴͻȻ۾ֱס˹Ĳӡ
Ũľһ˵촽һ˵촽
˹ԡˮ˳ʱ졣
˯ˣԡŪ㣬˹·ͷȫʪĳϷóһ֮
úðԼҵ£һ̲סͰ˳Ե˹εԡ֮˯ܹ
ûа취
˹̾Լ·Ȼøɾİײ˺һԼӵ²ɾȻøɾ˯۰ԡңСķŵϣϱӣӡ
ѴߵҲϣõºú˯һ׼ЩĶ˿Գԡ
ǣˡ÷ԥһ£ڻ̲סʣˣҪҪĨһҩⶼҧѪˣƵĵºܿҰ
˹±ӣǱֱ޳ϵȣèһ
Ȼʲôʱһξƣ
һֱ˯ƻ裬ʱϦ档֮ûסرȻ˹ǰתתȥ
ϦǱ֮շǳɾз紵΢󺣶ǽɫġ
վһ۾Ŵ󺣣˭Ҳû˵
ǵҧġ˹ͻȻָ촽Ͽ˿˵
ȫǵµе죬СĿһ˹ǡǿ̫ϲˣŻ̲סҧ㡣
Ͱ˹һ£̲סЦ˵ûϵҲ˵¡˺ܶܶ¡
죬Ϧ졣
˺Ⱦƣʲô𣿡תƻ⡣
һ˳ûܵκӡǻ´ιȾơڳô࣬ºܿͻᴫһƬԶĺ
һԼ䱦˷˵ĸо
û˱꣬˳޵ǻۡ
ΪһǿȻĪСһȺ󡣵ҲɳԼȫ㻤
̩ĴСͣСм侭ŵ޵Ҫۿڡһۣ洬ó·ߵ̩ۿڲ̫һ
û
ᵽһǿҵĺƷζšﲻ̩ĸۿڿʼҪòⶪЩӱڵϣ̫ɹţ͸ãɢˡζ
ȵǿ˸ۿڣһֱüͷ
ȫǲҪĺƷ࣬˲ȥֱһ޴
Լе̫Ѭˡ
ߵȫˣʱعԱ˹빤
ԱЩ֣вˣ
аɡû˵ˣɴñߣǸľûжˣǿһ˶Ŀ¶졣
Щ̯һľ壬ԲĸŮڶ㣬ֽؿƶǣõεӵ棬۶ǲεġһЩŮɹƷɹӲʯͷһ
ĶǸˣ˸㡣ʵһЩ洬ֱڸۿڽнס˹ʶ㣬֪Щ£оܲɸζ׼ȥĺһߡ
˵Ҫȥһߣ˵ȴͬĹԱżٵֶУһ·ſڱǣһ̫ܲ͡ףΪʲôҪԱ˳ŵֺƷг
̩ĸۿҲһƷгģû󣬱ȽСĽ֮㷷ѾѧᡯʰϰߣζûôšҲΪԼеζ߹Լ
ߵĿ·Ѻúܶ࣬紵ϣȥһ޼ʵĴ󺣣洬ҵѾջ洬ͣڰߡ
Ǹ̻񣬻ʣһġ
ǲȱģдʱҲ㣬ʱûٳԺʡְ߲еСûˡ
Ȼһ
ҴջĵãССڿϻһЩܻȡıࡢСз
ЩĵÿŲָһ洬˵
ʿ˼ܿ͹ȥ˽ףòϺͶԷסںߣñǻνףǮӲѺãѡ޲
ɣǰպһҴ洬ǲ˺ܶʳ
Աжһ𺣲ƷбľϻĴԱסŵһߡվһ̨ϵ
һЩͱȽϴ㣬㣬һһ۸Ƚϸߡ
ȺмűȽƹܼҵڱۡǲԾеļ۸ͻͣ
ڱϿһ͵һһ֮һЩʺܸߵϵ࣬Ҳ֮ͨһ㣬㣬һһ
֮зϺ֮ĺƷЩƷļ۸ǳˣһǮͿߺܶࡣץһֻĴϺǻģצֻϺһͬһܱ˵ļ۸񣬵˭򣬶ҡͷ
ҪּԵĶŪǡΧ۵˵
ʱ׿ĺƷǼֻƶĴԱųϺӲõζϺͺʵ⿷ʽıֹ̩ĸۿеġСʳз**ϺȡϺȵʳ֮ǰ˿ļ׿ġ
Ƕ޵ǻȻûиּܵ׿
ЩϺʣóʦϺŲԶʽϺǣЩзҲԣкΡЩҲȻ̺ܶ࣬ǴɿǳóԡǸϺˣȫ¡
ƴֵӵ½ʣжԲˡ
Ǹˣ˼СǲɫǣŻ
޵ǻûʲô˼ΪĹϵѾ˷ʱ䡣ԣڶǾ뿪ǻۡ
õĵˮ߲ۡ˶Ѿ㣬ҪֱȥһۿڣҪһµʱ䣬Ҫȫ׼
Ӷ޵ǻ۵ĸۿڣʵкܳ룬;оܶҡЩҵĺûɸۿڣǺԭʼӣóȻȥкܶգˮажʳۼȵȡ
ǴֻѡѾִ͸ۿͣһȦ˵ϴ͵ĸۿڣָ
֮󣬳һµĺͿʼˡ
лҪ˵Сҧġ
ƣϣҧһ


134 134 

ںƯƿɳ£ֲϲݻ߱ʲô, ЩʱһЩͱ˵ϰߡȻ˺, ߵк֮ܶ, ѧҲ, ϰײһ
˹˵˺ܶ, һص㣺⣬Ȼǿ⣬̩֮Ҳܻ⣬Ǳرġ
ӱһʼܾ̩Ļ뱱гܿ
ϧ, ֮ǰǿƾܾϹѾ߲, ߲˱г̩ѾͱǩЭ, ٶʮڣ̩δǰ£̩ĲƷԴ뱱г
ǺƽˣҪ˺ٺԼ, ҲֻʱȻһս
˹˵ô࣬ϣһ׼, ˸лķҩס˱飬ûɸʧ, ڵĹҲл̩ɳļ˾ǣڱһкܶˡ
޲ռ鲼г, ðĻױƷѹαĲƸҲڵĹ
ȫףǹǿڸϲáܶͳ̨֮ǰ׻ɣһ̨ͻ**ɣⲻԼģô
Ҳƽзԣ´ȴȿǱ棬βƽ
ϵлƽ˳̶ӣǺ̶ʱԱ任ӣԾǺ˵
Ҳ֪ںͷǸʲôЩĴһ㶼㣬Ҫк̩ӵ°ɣ
ҲͻӦˣá
һ赺ȾưǱԶԶĺ
һһ
ԻָԷɢˡĽôãһپƾøˣֻЩǶֲֲ֣̩ۡ˫ĿǰûͻԿల£װѡ
˵пձЩ̩ۿֶڴչϺȻϰԲãǺսľḻϰúҲĥˡ˹
СЩܡЩģԲ󡣡
˺һµƯ֮󣬴ʻ뱱ĸۿڣ޴˵ľšѻ·Σ϶񣬰һƿƽˣϡ
ĳľӴϷƴճһ飬ľӣͻ֣ͳһܷݡһʮֺʹӴһЩСƥȻ˱̩ӻҪ̩ĳܣһֽԣֻû˾òԡ
ҲӴǰɫӥǰɫʨ˹ֻܱͷȻͷżսʿ࣬ٶˣһƤףͭѵء
Ҫ뿪ۿڵģôͷҲ̫ãϺöۣǻȥһûйСͣһֱӵ֪ͨ˵ˣŻһι
̩Ǹ½ңһۿڣ磬׶вﵽۿڣ½·Ҫ¡
ǺϹң֮һ泯󺣣ܷǿ󡣶׶ϤأۿڲԶʮҲ͵ˡ
ҲרӴˣͿġϾǴֳìҲãĵλء
ǵķߡٺÿҲǲģ
ɴſ˰ʨıϣһ¾ˡ
˹ڱЦžǸܶһĴˣһʱųŵĺӡ
߶ִС󰡡͸ͷ·߶ǻûոĽӲӵӣżҲ׵ء
ߵҪƿֲֻ»ꡣ˹˵űص֣ʵʮʮҲпܵġ
̩٣ҪŷΪԱֻƽ󣬱ȴûţ泯󺣣ḻвֶƽԭɽˮũ񲻻׸ıֲϰߺֲࡣ
һ·ҡСǽ˸һסһֵ̡
ӳԶ۷׷ףӥʨҲԶ۷׷ס
ڿϰˣżϱ˷ҲȤûʲôѹͻȻ磬оԼͺҲࡣҺû˹һһյһ𱻵ɺΧۣƽһ㡣
Ϊ˻ӭӣеĳΪٰһᡣ
̩Ҳûʲô˵ĳЩ𣬷װҲЩࡣŶˣʳҲ΢Щ𣬵ǺóԲóԵ⣬ʳͣڴ⡢󱭾̶ֳȣûϸ
Ϥ֮£Ǳ˵˵ǵ׶кطȥϤ»кϵθڵʳǰϤ¿ʳƷ෱ġ˹Ц˵ֻʳ֮񱻿ﳬԽ˶ѡ
ͻȻеֻóԺúŵķȥʱͰ˰ɡ
ΪǣڵĵطǾ۹µĵشܶ͵͵ڿǵòͷΣҲ˵ĵλȨ
мŮӶһߣÿֳ˵ôǿΪ

ܿϧûиЩᣬ·볡ˡ̩Ӳϲ֪飬ûĸ̵ġ
סķ䱻÷Ůɨ컻ˣѬҲˡ
ںƮôãڻص½˯һ˯úܺãȻǱ˷䣬Ϥζ˹ϣҲסһ˴ջջˡ
ڶգ۾ƯͿɿڵؼϧ·ò羰һа˿鸹ɣ
ϲ𣿡˹ֻǵĳûж
֪ǲһе޽ˣȥ˳ż¡Ȼ˹һץס£ˡ
һ˫۾䣬ǲ
˹
һ³͵ʰ˱һС㡣
ʰ˹ʨ˼һ˹չƿˣȥڡ
²ϲ
һºúͷһʨëȻʨӲ˵צƿ
ʱһٴγǰ׶Ϥ¡
ѵһΣûκ¶ı飬Ȼ˯Ǻ飬Ƿһ˯ĹԱϾ͡ţڿȫȷˣ߶֪ߡ
ɽ߻ʵԶһƬܲܵ˹ȣһ·ܻڽĥϣ˯һݡ
󲿷ʱ򣬶·ġ
ʮյ̩֮ʹŵ˱Ϥ£ǱȽһУͿȫһķò
ΪķѾˣڳμôôҲиСߵ͵ĲͬϤµĽͷһۿȥǲ࣬ûʲôķӡ
˵װҲǹؾصģʲô׼ʲô·ˡ
ڿūҲΧһȦƯȾɫЬӣûеġ
⻹һǽȻͬģϤµˣ࣬ûʲôЦݣǴűȽϵЩˣдϣżЦҲְҵʽ׼ЦǶǱȽϿģܿ⣬ҲһЩĮƫƫиɻ顣
һֵĵطŲϲҲҪò΢Ц񣬲ú
̩ϰˣϰˣ󱶸вӦ
̩Ƕ෽ֻѪĽڿԿܶ͵Ǳһض̶Ŀܣһ;ãǱˣⲻǡ
ʵ̩ã䣬ײдֱҰûдͳϿԹϿԼ󷴶Ķá
ΪԼסվȥרʹ߾סĵطûϤûСϤеģȴסָһЩҵʹҲǡ
Ҳ˹
ûǰʹŽǾס֪ôģԼķģ˹Ҳ֡
Ǻ̩Ҳһ̩ɽϣһڡһ޴ģǾһĵˮ顣
ͺĵ֮ûź·ֻһҺܴĴȻ͵档ʿֳǴһСŽһȥƸȦ
ԭƺĳӵסϹкܶŮˣ˺ܶຢӣκûĺȫϳȥˣıһС˹ϵõĹӣҲȥ
Լǡ
ϤҲ̩ļ˹ֻ˰֪ǾסСǰ˭ġ
¿ɻǵΪʹıӣһԭĹ
˹ƫԶСתһȦĵطûԺʮ֮һ
ĶѾϴɾֻһ鷿ĵط˺ܶܣŹĺۼ
⻹Ǹڷܺѧӣ
лҪ˵ƣû̩á
Сûҿá

135 135 

ʹڱס
ȻÿʹŶԼŮչˣʹǵһһǽ˱˵۾
, ̩, һøСñ˲øп̫, Ҳæǵ, ôһŴ⻹ÿͷ˵, ǡ̩ӲֵøмҲһˮġ˿϶ı
νȨЧӦǡ
ָɫƤëﴩ, ָ͸ıʯ, һҲ΢ЦĹŮżȻ, õһʮġǳлˡʱɨͥԺ
˶ãû, á
ԲϤı˵ÿһ΢ЦһĻ֮Ρ˻ĵ·ʹ˵񼣽һ, ˱˶ĵһӡ
κӵĵ¶õġ˹۵㡣
һ£Ϊ˵ǲ뿴һԺǿҲʵʵ̩ӡǵ뷨а, ǾôΪɡ
һøкҪںĵΪȡúǵͬкͺø, ñԼʿԼ;ƽ˳ڣҲҪͱ˵ķĺͿܡ
ΪʲôҪô
ֻҪһ̰ӡ̩ǺõģΪʲôĻױƷǺõģ
ʵǲҪû׼ڱҲͲˡ
ǵģûΪԺ뱱Ʒ·ȨԺͬУ˺׽ܴķŵƷҲǣЧӦ
ûƭ˭ֻڶԴ˵ʱʶطԼĳһʣͬ顢ò޺
ոյ̩ʱ
˵
˹ദ֮Ǹͨˣ᲻úʧ
˹飺Ϊʲô⣿ΪʲôԼͨ
˸޴⣬ִͨʱԲִͨһͨĻеʱǱһ
ʣӣǷʧһΣ뽫ŵҵҵʦ͸ĸ˵һֿˣԺŵһĹ
Ȼźƫƫǣֻһ˾ڸ˵ֻĸ׶ѡס
ûôʹⰡ˵ֻԣ˽ԣҲ˽ħԣǸͨˣƲȥӹ⻷Чˡ
˹һ£ʣ鶼ûһζʹ⣬ǻͷ˺ΪˣºˮֻΪʲôҪʹ⣿Լ˺Ͷ˶һǺͿԺ˺Ͷһִֻǵ´ٺòˡ
ʨЦ˺˵ͳ˲ȷԣȥԵԼıһʼ˹ǱԹԵӺģüԣʲôͿˡ
ԣϲ
Ҳ˹Ϻܶ棬󲻻ϲ
̩ʹŴܶŮֲ̫߶Կ˲ֻ̫࣬Ǵ˵һֱСܿ˶֪̩ӵ飬˵ᣬ
˹ոմǹ£鸴ӣ޷
Ҳȥ̩һμڽϣǴֲڵСʯţҲ֪Ϊʲôšڶμϣǻûõļ̳ˣ
̩άߵļ˾
ӻӣȨԽԽߣȴΪʧߣһµط˼ӡ
һ룬һ˵Ļĵоʱת˷ǡ
ղߣȾ߲صʱ򣬺ܶΪη岻ҿԸ¡֮ȡ˹ռӣ˵ԼǵѾһԱֻݵ΢ûʲôݣûкûг谮ֻ»Ůɡ
һж󣬿ķϣ˹ʲôû
ȥˣ֪ʲôʱģδ˽
һӱһܣѶȵļӴ˹ʮ꣬ƣꡣһߵʵҲù
ŴĹָʲô氮
ûеģվðʧȥķչӣʵҲûʲôջ񣬳˳ΪŮˡ
ΪˣǾͻܼ򵥣ǵȷ֭ˮﰾŨǽ֮תΪְ̩ɫᾧǣȴû취ˡⶫȻһȻᾧģոоԼĳʶܵ
ǣǸŮߣǵһ֮ǸֱһѾΪ˹ôá
ĻϥǶô֣ϲ۵ģϲġΪԼǼӷû뵽ȻǼĿ̼ǿǿˣתͷȥһ޵ŮˣǸŮս˺ϡ
һѪҪ³¼ֱг衣
ôҲܺģԣ
ǱѪȾĴ̼Ҳˣ˸һŮˡݣ˹Ůǻ
ʱɡ
һδ̩ӹʱȥһǱĹŷֹ
ûʲôĿطС˿ڹ̶󹬵ġǱ棬ֻеһȥȥߵʱ򻹻˳ִϼӡԣʵںһǱȹܻӭģٵһܴǳ䣬ҵ
ûеһŮݡͰԡĺҹҹŵһš
ԶˣȺĺŮ衣һġʮŮ˶裬ǸչʾԼϰ͹µĲ֣ǿȸҫԼë
ǺӹȪһЩݣһЩڹ⻬ʯŮĦ࣬һЩ˼
Ҳšԡһ²ſһ죬ѵõˣݰײݡ
˵Ǹ̩ø·һ
·Ҳǰ롣
պ˵̩ӵ飬֪涼ʲôϢؼʱ̩ҲһźƣȻͬǴԽߣôܻе˵Ķ
Ȼû뵽̸ģ
ÿҲ١ѽȻ˯ʲô˼ǲ١١ǰԵһ㣬˯ôŮˣΪʲôǲܶ˯ˣÿһѵô
˭ģֻܴû˼֪ˡ
˵ùǸ١ûУǶиġ
ңٵʲô˼ĺã
һľĲ֪ʹ˸Ʒ֮ĵáҺ֮ǵĻתصʹϡ
ĵǻʽ˺ЩҵʹߣǸ߹ٺС
ӣǻϲ˵һأϣ̩ӴһЩϴ
һŮһֺİɫҺϴԼͷ̩ڵԡƷ֮һȻζϴҺ͵ݳƷ
һò̫ܣⲻ飬ǵǻͿ϶ҲõŵģôЩ
ϴͷŮ˿Լﲻϴ̾Щ̫ˣʡҲò˶á̩һЩͺˡ
⻰ûеˡ̩ǿôܸ˽˵ǶǱĹҸЩϴõĶҵǸϲ̩޲ɫ˵ֻǹЩǮŹһӡ
ʱ򣬱ſʯͷϲŮ˳壬ˮһĲλ˻ΣһһͶ㣬Ƿ֣ϧڳеˡ
ָ⹴һ֬ͿĨԼ壺͵ĺǻʱһչʾǼǣʱʹŵҲڡǺ̩ʲôȵʱǲܿˣ
ʱҲܳŴЦһ֦Ҳ
Ҳ£ǿⱾԭ˵ܽĴ
ⶫ㣬һЩ֮ǰϴͷŮ˵
ڳõŮŵطһۣҪԼǮȥֲˣź㡣
˲ˣҲϴһЩ
˵Żſڵһƿ߽⿴Ƥ࣬Ǹߴһǽ֮һȴԼĶȹչʾһԼıǮȻ̨߽ˮ
˶ʲô
ûǱˣŮߣһȺ檡
Ȼô
¡֮ǰǸ˵Ů˾͸û˹ͷһŮһ߳ԳЦţһΧȡǶ˺ܾõŮһȥһʹ
Ц˫ӵұžԼǷ㵹
֪ôģЩŮ֮ǰ˵ġٵĺáĻ
лҪ˵Ƿ
󹬣ȼٵĺá
ӹ̫֣ⱾзɵĹ
ɪɪķǣҿллŶ

136 136 

˼ʱ΢ϤطţСǡ
ȥĵ֮תһת׶Ϥ¡
ʹŵĽŲɵ, ʹŵȫƲȫҲԼ, ΪҲ
ĺɴñ, ʮ˾ͳš
̩ʿ, һҲ֪, ٿװ϶һʹš·˲֪ĸҵģͻܡ
Ϥ²ҵԳУ, ͻرһ㡣
ⲻӰϤµķ͸С
Ϥһ޴Ĺ㳡, Ϥֵĵط, ϶ɢϤ˵ŵȥݣÿ˦»֮ıݡ
ִ˶֪ǹԭﺬȼҺĹϵʱ˲֪, ĵϺܶ
ȥʱȻϣǰȥġ죬䲻, ܶѾոʳ˼˿ʱ䣬ͻһ˳һ, ʱĹ㳡ǳ֡
ǸӼݣܻӭȥı, Ȼһʫ˵̯ӡһ˼ȥһö죬ϸһ룬꣬ⲻĹôֻĳЩϸڡˣԸտʼû
ȻҲдӿʫˣ
ҲǵıʫˣߺͿʫ˽ӴͬУ²⡣
һʵۣʫ˺ܿע⵽ߣһ۾Ϳ˴źɴñӵ󣬾ȵٶ˼
ϲźɴߴźɴñ΢˽ãǿ˲֪ϸڡʫ֪˭ˣԹȻǴӿѧջģ
Ϊ˲ʫ˺ΧĹڣĬĬ˳ȥıݡ
Ϥµ
ҵĻȴܷݵ˺嶼رࡣ
һǾԼıõġԴ˾еı˵
ֻ΢Цǣ˵ǡ
ȴһ£һ䣬ǲһ£ͻȻ֪ΪʲôǻǸ˵˾ˡǸЦӣȻͱơ
ϸһͺ촽Ҳ
̲סһ£ѵпǹ壬Ǹпǵǰˡ㲻ǻһˣӳ࿴ӦԵϵġ
ѹĵף׼˼
һ˼˳ֵĵطߡ
ˣҪһЩ𣿡һӱһӶ·
ַĹ㳡Ǳݵ˺ͿݵˣЩδظ˷ЩõȺˡ
ЩǱȽԭʼıɣӷۼ˱ĲϿƵģ·һѣҧÿԿԴࡣܺ棬ʿȥһ㣬ʿһҶƬľͲЩɡ
һҧ˵һ֮Ĭ˺һȻ³һСʯӣʣµĸ˹ԻҪ˷ѡ
˹һĶԻ˶ӿɲ㡣
ҺߵСԲֵıһӣһ鵱˺ϲڱƤмһ㽴ϣһͣڿ￾ˣóгһһĳԡ
úֽƬһƤűһϣɿڣٽˡ
˵ʵǰ̩Ʋϣ˵ֱɣԭġûʼʳĸʳһ飬̩Ĳܴ
ôªͶûУϤ˾ȻôóԵĶһЩõִ顣ȻͬʱҲ˳࣬ϤµʳĻ
Ѥʣһ·ϾĳУʳҲûرͻ
⣬Ϥ˵װҲнȻԵȼԵװҪʮϸ񣬿ϤµĽó衣
Ȳ˵ūūﲻˡ
˵ƽƽ񲻿ɴȾɫ·ǴͲʻûнֹֻϵҪԣԶԶȥϤƺĶǧƪһɵİӣ߽˿ϸڣͻᷢڡڡ½һĵطΡ
ǼʮָӾȻƽ·ǹҾķΡ
ڹ㳡й䣬Ϥ˻ض࿴ۣǲ῿ڹ㳡ΧһЩƳȵĽһûǽľƵĳΣݶڷ絲ꡣ
˵Ϥ˿߽һЩ˾İԵģǻˮ˾ͺһڣȻ
Ϳӣ֮ͬ
ЩϤרһȣЩˣԺʹãʯҲĻϣһ鲼ϯض
ҲһרŻ˱ݵǱߴ̨
һ͵طһһɢҲ͵طһ
̩ûϸĵطأ
еģ̩ķɺϸ񣬾ϸֵ͵ԵĲƲͷȣ͵ö෣ءϻϸ׼ǷȴẬкܶռ䣬ܶʱϲһ
ͻ룬ԼĵطǱһҪĵطǷɣֺķɳ˶ȨƵвкôԵײ͹㶼ûκκô
еСũõ˼ȫһӵдۺ͸ۿڣǱƽԭõĸǱԴ˵ʵ̩ʺϷչҵǸۿڵƷ˰ͷҵñ׬

ΪʲôҪأ
ĬĬְԼͻĨǧʶԼذɡ
ǰߣһڣԿܶϤͷһӼһǣһֻ洫о
ϤͨһгżҲЩ˹˵
Ϥ²ҵУгɺܴ󣬽׵ˣǲ֪ŵǻһƷڼϤ£ﻻʽ
Сıÿϵķжϵζߵ˶ǰ̯ڽףûĵ̣żһӣҲʳͲָ裬ʳкܶˣƺʳ
֣պʳӦٵ¼۸½Ŷԡ
ϵ˶ܲؿһȺˡЩ˿ϤƽûжʲƽһʿǸģϤµĸ˲
ҲǣϾֵȷʵɾš
ʵǰҵҲˣ֮Ľɾ·ؿ̯λñ̶㹻ߵ·ȻˮأϢõʯӡģҲȥǿʼܵȤ
ǣҵ˺ܶݳͷ棬ѾкҵԶеӰӡ
Ŷ~Ϥ£ĶǣôôϣһŵϤˣǿǾǿ󣬵һǰҺҵƷ̩õĶЩ˷ġ
壡Сһ㣬Ǳ
װֶӣ֪ȫ֪߹ôĵط㣬һС񡣡
ӭһȺˣķβǱˣȻҲ̩
źܶŻǰͷһһꡣ
죬ߵ˹ǲĮǶֶ
ļԺܺãȷǡ˹ȷһ£С˵
˲
ʵǺǰõһһͲǵһߡ
˻ڽԼֶӣûУǱļ⣬ʵƤһõӢʿЩϷǱߵĹʿЩʿбǼӦǹʹšˣµһ㣬Ƕûȥԡ
֮ȰΪԶ塣
пǧû˻ǾҵҵӪԼ⣬ԼѷǵãȻС̽
ǵǻһɰ޺أѾò˰ɣ޺š޺ʿʽ˰ʱʧˡЩǺغܶǺˣֻȨֻЦӭˡ
̩Ĺ͵ײӦúϲģΪ˺ܶ棬ǵЩʹ߾ͻͬģ̩˴󲿷ֻϲطĵײҲϲҵĹδϲˡ
޹ظϲã⡣
Ǿ͸ɣΪ̩ԽԽõġ
лҪ˵ˣ~
ƣҼ
򽻻֣ҵʳ־


137 137 

һֱϤ£֮أûк˭йӴѯһ
ûУЩʿҲûк˽Ӵش
ڻƽ, һֳֻԼ°, ˼
ʹ, ̩ʹ, ֻΪһ̩, ΪһԵǺпܳΪһδٵļ˾
Ȼ̩ͱвûߣٶ̫ˡ
Ȼ֪̩ӵһԭ򣬵̩Ҳܿ¡̩ҵĴмûв, ôҲԶ׼, Ǿûⷽںġ
ڱβ󲻵вȨѾ̩˽, ûвȨֻ޷ϮĴߺʹ޷ӵص˰ߡ
̩һиɳЩ£Լȴûͼ֮
ǵģѧϰ̩, ѹв𡣵ճ⵽ԣֻȰ²
ʵں棬̩Ӿô, ô˵Щִ˽ûʲôӵĸ߲Ȩģô˵̩ôᶨִߣ
Ϊʵ̫ˣһ̩, 
ʵ̩ӺĿɲֻǱܶˡϾһߵӰ췶Χͦģ֪̩, ѽ赱ÿ˱鲼Ҷܺ˵е̩ʲôģǲǾǴеӡ
ֻ˵Ժʵг롣Ϻǲûº˵̩Ӷôô룬ԴҶӡͣĽ׶Ρ
֪ͨĸۣ㱱Ϥ˵ˮƽˮƽȻӵ֪ڵĲ
Ϊʱʳļ۸зΧ
Լ޷ܵıʣܷӦǴ洢ʳʳ۸
ƽļ۸ļ۸һӡ̩һʼļģĻ֣ǰ߲еʳ۸񲨶
߲ĺ֢ûгױϤ¸ʺʵļ۸Աȣóۡ
ϤµƷ۸̩𲻴ΪǱԴḻһЩͬԴḻʳ۸ȴҪ֮࣬󣬽û֡
۸ôߵʳкܶڹݵȡʳ
ۿԷӦİȫУֻвʱ˻᱾ܵضڻʳ
ʽǻĲŻȶ룬Ȼϵ塣ЩͿˣûҪºۼ
֮ٳȥСӼһֱǻһա
ǻҲǿȥһģֻǲܽڲûйȥΪ̩ӣվſڵɣֵֹġΪһڽʿĳ̶ֳ˵һڽ֮żʱ򾡿Ը߰һЩ
֮϶ҪϯҪ̩Ϻ
һϣϴͳ̩εᣬſ˱̩ʹߵܶ˵Ŀת
òر𣬶ʱĶûмϷҪ˵ر𣬾ǳرһЩ
˹˽м˺ʿʿ˺ͻ뿪ᣬһֻЯһŮ
ûдϰ÷ǴݵŮ˰ʨӥΪݵ
ʿһֱ棬Ҫʱֱӹ
޽ᣬ֪ٶŵҲáñڻȣ
ƶкøеˣ󶼲̫ţ˵ЩѶд۾ˡ
ܲô࣬ԼȫҪ
ԣԡʨӺͷӥ̩ı־ҲҵĻ顯ڰᡣ
Ͳţܳ⣿
ӵ£
߽ԡ˾Ŀ֮£ӭһӣŲ̩һ·šӵ¡һˣⲻ֮ǰϵǸҵĶô
⺢֮վЩʨӺӥҿһ£û𣿡
ӣɶأôܰ
ļΣǸСȥȫ꼶һѧϰѾ벻ˡ
ûп𰸣Լָ£Ҹ׼˺ܶ԰Ҵ𣿡
һ£ͷ
ʱһ߹Щ߰ףҲò̩˵ûлҵĺӣʹŢܿࡣ
ˣӻ֮⺢Ӵϻۡ
˿˼䣬λȥ棬֮ŸԷֿ
ڼԷһֱûп̫޵ǿǶ޺ģ˾ǡ
ںܶͺ޹ǣһģһġ
ˣɣסСҪ
ȥˡһ㲻ʲôǴ֮е룬ôչʾǰ
һǽ鱦ڶһӣĸֻױƷϴԡƷͻƷ
ƷȲ˵Щˮ׼Ľ鱦Ҳᣬһ׺ǶϹ˺ܶ˵Ŀ⡣ȴֶֻһ޶ġ
˶ھ̾ʱ򣬱
ȴǺ侲ġ
ֲܸܵˣϲõЦȫһ
Щݳ޻Ķƺλעߵİʨӥ̲ס࿴˼ۣй͵ϸ΢仯
޺
һͷճʨĺӻë׵ģ˵Ŀţƺɫ۾Եèƶ
û˸С
˶õ£ΪµѹľߣȨվȨûеı˳ȹĵʱڡ˵Ȼ򵥡
жҲڹ۲̩ӣǵһμ档
еȫһûʻǺģ·һۿ͸ˡе޺ʳݶһ˫ʪ峺ϵ΢Ц˴ա
˭᲻أôۡϣ
ⲻԣΪָ̩δĵ·ˣӦǵߣôῴۣ
̩ӣһûܹ˺
ĪЩˣֻǽ̩ӵ壿ж˼ʵں棬̩һһ·˾˭˴չвȨˣ˭
̩Ӻܺãǹжϲ죬ңֳ컹̫۴һ㡣
̩ӣҴӭĵлǱİװֵܡж˵ҪûϰףܶҪӵһ
̩ӵοһ죬ǻһˣ¿ˣǹǿŻܲħ
ʵĲ޲
պһʹŽ˳ƾ˻ȥԼһ䡣ʨ£䵱棬ӥվļӾͷһߡ
˹
ϣ
˶һۣЩҪ˵
ųԶĶС˹˵ǽصǸСˡԿԹӺ޼ɵҰġ
ľòǱú
Щ˵Ҫһ£ֶΡ֮ǰˣ̩һôһڹ̩Ҳ֪Ǻ»ǻ¡
ΪʩҩĶΪʲôԭ
ü䣬ºžƱȴ΢΢ء
ǲģȥ֪ͨӭӡ˹ƱҪʲô뿪Ǳʲôòûȫȶǲ󷽲ȣ̩ΪС
ţҲǶ෽ǺѡȻϴδһʧ飬֮ǰĺǼƻʧ󡣵ǹڱûΣգǿ˺ܶزжϡΣա
ԼӿԳҲñڰǿ̩ĵλôǾս³Էչе̩͸ոȶıǺ¡
ס˹֡
⵹أҲǾֻ룬δأ
лҪ˵أңڴͳ͹ԣûйشֱҰǿϵ裩ʵԼһ׼ʵǱ仯ϵںˣûˣǣ
̩Сå
å
ΪλѧӼ͹ľ~
Ҫ߿ŶĴŬѽ

138 138 

˵Żļ檰
ϲûǺ, ǿҵԳϢŮԡʱϲ, Щһ, Щ۾ֱˡ
ǴűĴͳ, ɴȹ, ϶бʯε׺ͷСӣβ˴ϻƽС׹ӣÿһ, ϵĻƽ׹ӾͻһΡ
ţ
ŮǴþȻ̩ĻɫȾ, ʵȾȾ
ɳȾɫȥͿʼгȾɫ, ɫЩǳͽơأֲȾɫֲ࣬, ȾȾĲҲֻǷõ̫죬󲻵òһԺܲɼʹˡ
ڴ˸лϲĿ, ǹںȾԭϲɼȾɫϸ˵
ע⵽ϵױ, ĻױƷɫʵϸ塣Щ󹬼Ҳһע⵽, ǳһ۶˵Ļ
·ǲ˼ˡ
ЦԼļ檳۵޶ã§һһ־žƱûΡ˸ƬˮҲһһſڳˣŵκ
֪ǱԣǱɫ
ˮֽϴ֣֮д˵İϰץȡʳʳֱץȡʳáҲ׼һЩӺС棬Ϳ԰Լϲʹá
˿͵ըţòӲżһ㣬ЩرӦü˱صϣǲѳԡ
ȻˣһƯɫ֭Ŀţ⣬еĪ⽴֭滹ǣ
һ鿾ͣһ
סˡ
Ŀţ⣿
Ǻ֣һ㽴֭ǽҲࡣ˵ζû
ǳҩһţ⣬ĬĬӷŵ˹ϣҽ죬̫⡣
ǸָʳͺƷʳͺƺȽϷḻǷΪŹغ泡Ĺϵ
жǶʯĻƽƱкʹǷ顢ܡͬʱһȺ**߽һһѡĿꡣ
ŮƤ׾ķò󲿷˲ܾЩĵ˹ֲĺ֡ɬġ
ŮԱҲг࿡з̣ȻͬԾܾ
һЩ˼ĻͳˣǷޣʱȴһ㲻ظ˺ӷ̣żҪֵϷһѡ
ͷҲ͸óԳԣúȺȣŮžƱȥ輧̨Ť֫һ̫ƽʢľ
ϲɫȴⱱζ⡣
Ǵ̩ɰǣԼרζƷǹģÿһ⣬ҲǴֱˡԼģô̩ǵгĪҪһߣ
³Щӣ
һõӷ˹һЦʱЩǣװר̨ϵĸ衣
𱬣˵ÿֻأ͡һˣʵ󲿷ʹﴧ飬ûݺֵġ
ò˵һʹߣݼɡ
ΪǿʹߣǶԴ߹жӣܶʹ߻žƱƣɺȿɲȣǻһΪò
̩ĲбҰģ̩ȫһĻ硣ܶʹ߶ֱ֣ӥ
СУ̩ӿȥôº޺Һòǿʹ߶ء
ʹǱӳˡů顯ͱԵòҲȥ·һȫʮָ̩߰˾һ°صʵ
ֻҪǿ̫̩˾ϾͻɢõϢǲ˾Ҳӣһɫ
ûˣ̩Ǹ̩డ
ʵ˹ºɵģԸûǿӲһʹѾºɣô˹ʵԸΣǿӲɡ
˼ʹ߶Ҳһ֪ĳγʹߣɽɽˮˮ̩º޺ľ̩ӡ
ȵʹţͶס۵̩ӡ
ɳǸ˲˹ʹӺȴôֵܸũ̩Ҳһᡣȵʹߵš
һκȳʹĶ飬ǹµСӣĵܵܡҪԴΪ̨ףøλΪ͸һʧȴûϵԼС޴çײէûɫߵ͡
ȻСûɫҲ֪̩Ȼǲ񫣬˿ɲ롣
һ޲ֻСˣͬǵײ羮֪֮ܲߵغǿϴԣĶ֪̩ǿһԼˣΪԼҵһֵĻˣͷŹһ
վžƱ̩ʹŵķߡȵʹɫһ䣬ֻ
ʹע⵽ˣǲɫϾᳯĸչ
̩ӡʹűӷò˵Ǹ
ˡȻô̩ʿɱƽռأӶ˿ڣ
΢Ц䣬Цʣ˭
Ǻȵʹߡһ߰ûʹˡ
ҪϣһСƴҹţʹ߸㲻̩ļΪ˸̩һɿսȻȻվɼΡ
˹˭ûֻǾеЦһֻȸӥΪʲô⡣
ֻЦ˵ЩߣΪʲô˵ǲǾˣûˣ
˹Цһ˵ƽȥԵʿ˵ĽӣǱͶ·ƽԸ£ǵӻ˵һ˵
˭̩ʲôˣҲ˵ûʸ̩ӣΪʲô˵ǲѾԼĲб񶾣
ʹȴ˹˵ʲôֻ󣬴Ϊһͻƿڡ
ʵʹԼҲ֪Լȡ֣ûϵʵβҪֻҪƻۣǧֻǵ̩Ϊ񣬶ǵú׶񡣶Ҳƾ㹦ͳɾҵ۷塣
ҵʹ¶Ȥı顣Ȼ֪⵽ôһȫ⽫ϵóȥ̩Ķ
һ仰ʹúܶԣʱʵβҪܻûʷ
̩һڳ˹ס
̩ѾϰʱùˮΪ⡣
ǲΪ⣬ǲںϰˡУϰߣҲϰΪˮ̩ϡ
ʳȳԹ⣬Ұʱһİ׹ǡȨĲȴʣ࣬ЩԲľ⵹ˮ
ữˮ£ȴʣճԲΪʲôǲ⣿
͵ɤͻȻϣ˿ֺ̧֣͸ֹͣǼž
˵̩ǺܶʹöȺ̩ǵʮơ
ðϣ̣²ɾ
ңվ̩ҲȫҪ̣ݣˣ̩Ȱơ
˹վһᣬΪԼᣬΪ֮ᡣʯͷ֪֮ģΪǺȵĹȨ󲻶
ɳǰȥһȺȵӦˡ̩ǲѹ߽磬ӵ򣬽ǵˡʿѪΪ߹ٵȨ棬Ϊػռʳǵ
̩ĹƽԲӣͲƣʳַڡ̩Ĺ壬֪ȳҪͳļѼϷƽüѼԻȳ棬ƽԼ̩ƽ񣬿񣬸ͬܣǣӴ˱ֵܽá
ʴȣ̩Сɡ
ʹһ΢΢ЦˣԼɽһͺˮһľƣԼİջղԸ̩·̩ˣֱΪӶ˿ڡʹߣģĪʯͷģ
仰赭дˮûȥ
ʹǶȵصɴ۾ǾԼ̩ӵʶܲ
Ҳǣд绯꣬Ҳ֮ŭô⣿
Ŀƿߵļеأһϧ˵ֻȥϵļ檣ǳ˵ĳȥҵۡʲôȣ
ҪжʱǱȴµı仯
лҪ˵ƣ˵̩б˵˹ûʸ񣿺ǣʷòã
N
ͬѧǣҪѧĹĳĳġۡȫƪУֻм֣ٵġ
ͬѧ|O| ~~


139 139 

㣡㾹ǺȣȵʹܲίַӰѾƱһˤ, Ҫ, ˵ֻǺ, ͲǺ𣿡
ڳ˷·һ޴Ц, ֪̩Ǻʮ, ½ֻ࣬ǿǽ
⵽ĺôһ㳣ʶûУʹ֮ǰú˽һԼҵĵλ͵ȼģĳϣ˼ŵĴ, ûսħ̩ϡ

ʹߵĵû, Ѿ̩ŮڵĦ
ͷС, ʮˣ̩һǣʲô̩Ტۣɽȸߣˮ뽭Ӷө, ֱԲ
ԺȣȺʱ̩ɳڣֵһᣬϧɳвܵ˱ߺ, Ȼʲôһز֦Ҷݵĳ棬һᡣ
úʹ, ҵҪһʣȳ԰յʳǹôå, ʹһǹô
Ƚ˵Ļ֣̩޴ŵ̩šȱᣡʹ̩ƾʲôЩˣ䰲ҵ̩϶Ե¶Եգ˿ʧ֣**
Сȴ̧ͷʹڣֻʹߣһ˸Һӡ
ڵϵĺʹɫҰף亹һ
̩Цеģ˵Ҫ̩ӳ̩˾̩ӳˣôɻԼĻش𣿡
Це̩ӿºͿףߵ̩˾ɷʹҲ˹Ŀ
ˣԼһƣúõĳȾƲΪʲôҪΪ˳ͷ
ŬתͷҪʹȣЩͬȴҴææͷȾƣ·һкûйϵ
ʱʹߣȻ󶪳ȥ
һʲôûһ
˹һشú𣿡µһЦݶģ˹ȫû˸ոյơ
ѵ˹رͷֻͥڣֻܱĬĬõӷŵºܰ
ζӣ̲סԼϧˣСõ߲Ŵˡ
ʹ£һ߰һֺ̩ӣȥǧҪںϣţûϵ
һ뵽δ̩ѹʹͷҪȦ
ʹŶڿ֣ζȣ۾̨ϸݣʵﶼڻζոյ⡣
̩˼ֱ׼־ڵϣҽƵ˼̣ܺܿͻС·жǣžβʳӡ֮ľÿһ˵ĶǶԺȵһ
ЩôȵġҲ͸
һˬ
ӷŵıۣ˴۽硣̩ӣ̩֮ˡϣұҲ˲š֪ʱžƱǰ
ͣ¿ӣҲƱ˵Цˣ˲żüãвܵ˾Ǻһ࣬ҪĽҹ
ٶ࣬ϧûһ㰡
΢ЦһϲЦǺ֮˱Ǻ㣬ȴ̩ôںأ

˾ܾ֮⣬ȴûв֮ɫôͨԱȣ̩ڱ㡣Ը⣬ºδȥã
˵ǣϧѽ׼̩ˡ
ͱŶԷ˶ЦǺǵģ·겻ѣֻϴŻ棬
űһŮ죬Цǿ˭û顣
ʵնҪըˣںͱҲ࣬һССأܿĶŮˡŮˡŮˣ̸۵ĶЩƤëˣʵܹˡ
һԽߣúεȷ⣿̩ӣƵ£˵߾ߡ
Ȩư
ĥͬԽߵıȡôǽɽᾧǵķС
ȻԳ棬Ѿ˭
иŮպܾˣĬԣҲ̫չ۲˺ܾãŮĸĸ֮ŶġһţŮ
žƱְҵЦ߱ѾȥͶޱݡ
Ϥ³һܴĶ޳ǰһεĹѾʽġΪõʯϺˮ̫࣬Ծ˵ϹĺĹһͣˡ֮¹һǻͽȥĹǴӴûġ
޳̩ľ糡һƱģʱڴ˾ڳƱܻǮЩĶ֧Լѡеޡ
ʱܳϷ֮һ˵һʱ仹ūҰ޾ūҰ޵Ķ֣ᱻ˺ƬѪ⽦ء
Ѫȵĳ˵ǸһôˬΪūҲӮҰޣ˼˰ߣ󲿷˶ûıȤ˺޵ľҲˡ
Ϥµ޳ǱȽϳ
޾Ķ޳
ѪȱĶǲȤģȥ涷ءǱ룬ȥȥҲ޷ϲ·Ҳˣ˭ߣ
ԣǴӦˡ
ҵʹߣͬûоܾǾ͵̻ع⼸Ҫúġ
ãӵ¡֮ûжãһ˳ǰһͷ˶̷ͷϰһɫӣһߵĶϹһö޴Ļƽʯ׹ӣ˵ſĵĻ
˵Ĵ磬һ۾ϳĸҵġ
һСһ󵺺߰˸СС٣ǴΪ񣬷ǺһԱȽϴĹҡ
ãʹߡ΢ЦӦ
ʹһƣֹά˼뿪ˣû̩кĹһһûһһʧ׵ĵط
ǿϲϲСҪһкôѡ֮ǰĺʹģеࡣ
ʵҲҪοͷǻӦԸʹȻǺòĶԴκһƵġ
еҹʱͽ岻ǰ볡ߵ棬ĿȻǸɾûζһ֮ĹζҹɫҲǰģֻǺӹϡ
ʱҹƯһĶһֻǱϰΪÿ
Ǹʹô£һ߳ôȻɳ£ı
˹Ҳô²⣬ȥһ飬˭ںĵ
кܶĻɶоͰ
췢Ƚ϶࣬
һԼ˼ʹСȷһߣ£˵˵ѣʲôʵ뷨
Ȼϣոȶǿ󣬵һԳأ
ͬʱϤһߣսһŮ̩ˣ˵¹̩ӵİΣ
Ů̧ͷЩµؿһۣҽ¡
ֻҪ£ļ뿪ܶǮļ˲ǺҪǮǿأţ򣬴Ӵ˹ϰȵճջ˵
Ůһ̧ͷҧҧͷã
лҪ˵գʱչʾҴԽߵĲˡ̩ӣѽָҪȫ繫թߵĿ


140 140 

˹ϵ壬һЩֵֹͼ, ķġ, δ, , ղʶ֡
ǸĬŮǴһЦû, ̩ӵˣ¹ӰΣ
˵ŮЦһ˵³֮ͷҺ͡ҵļˡ뿪, һǮ
˹, һķͼ·ĳ, ֡
Ī֣ΪʲôջʶЩ֣Ϊʲô̩ӣ̩ϵ
£Ҫ͵̩𣿡
ͻȻӺ˹ŵϣ͹ȥ˶, ̩ʲôӦ
¹ҵİΣ
ܿ챻͵ЩԺشӴŵƹ⿴ʲô
ʲô
˹Ѿ, Ǻͨ壬ûмʲôҩ, ֻһź֣е̸ֲ֣̫һ
ҲãȻ, ΪҲ֪һʲôһһĻͦģûһǡ·պı֣ܱŤĸо
˰˰죬ķͼûκ쳣¹ظ˰Σ޴˵
Īʲô磿˸Ƿͼӡȥо
ǣ屻ӡͲˣ¯
Զһջң̩ӵķӦԼҪʲôôʡһУΨһû뵽ǣƽ棬˵ķ֣ȴȫһġ
ԣвʲôġû
Ϊ̫˷һҹû˯ȲҪͬһ档ϣдˣ֪
ܣԽߣһУĽָҶ˵һжΪߵ˻𣿺úڵɣһٴκϵ
ٴϵȴ;ᣬȻʱҵ
һҹδ˯ɾȵյȴĴҵȲ
»û𴲣̫е֣ͽȥˣһϴ裬§ļ档
ǵģк󹬶ˣû
ܣմôң
ÿĲãܲǵһδӰɣ
Ůԥһ£СԼʻϢ˵˵Цòÿɨˡ
յһ˲ˡ
ݲغ󹬵գ˵ǰ棬ʹͣͥԺ￾⡣ʹԺȥ̸š
λϳѣ˹뿪һξ룬ָ˿š
һֱûл῿˹һھж߹
ĺԼĹ嶯Īȥ׽ӣֱɳ顣֮ûмΣû˵䡣
ӵ£˹ھסĹסĵط˹׼ԷΪ̸
ͷ֪㣬ȥ
ǵԼһصϲϮͷ˹סԼǵң
ǵġﲹһ䣺֣λһɱһᣬӰӾǿNţ̡
ӵϲϤ𣿡˹ʣ֪Ϊʲôе⡣
һ㶣űһЦϤǸĳУǱĹڡ
һűʯ
˹Цһ£ܿˣû˵ϲ
˹Ҫ˵࣬˹߹΢΢£Щʳϵһţ̲Թҽ˿ЩڵţٳһЩ
ͿǵĿţ⣿̣⻹̣ζ٣߯ˡ
˹̲סַ֣ģǣԼڿ⽴űˡ
Ÿ
˹ԿϸĻ棬ȴǿЩ޷˲ǡˮӿ˹ϼЦӵƺλ˾鼫ãֵһ㡣
˾Ϊڣ±ҪˣȻܡ˹Ц˵ҪȥǱߣ˹Ա㡣
˹ߵһ֪Ҫʲô
ҪʲôǲӲ硢ͣͲʲô¡οʰˣվ̣ٶ˼ͲסѽЦ˵ͻȻ뵽һؼɫһ䡣
Ǹǿ⽴İɣĨǵİɣ
˹̲סЦˣÿ⽴ġ
ԵĿԼĽϣܶ˻ѡ˱˵ǽݳ޵ζǲĽ𲭣ʵûζǾüǳζͷҲһͿϺǽĿĲóԣΪͿ˺ǽļֵԶԶζ
һֺɫǽȷ˰ƵǽûɫҲûнᾧ
Ūˣ֪˸ȡǷֻ֣ǲ֪Ҫôɰɰǡ
ĿɶԽ˺ܳʱ䣬ҪǵǲǾǳԱ˯˯˳ԡȻмϢƬ̣ٽʱһСŸʹߴ
ϣǶѾš
㣿վСϵ󿴵ˮιһӰϸһȻһβ㡣
İ̩оһԴģҹŮиأˣ˻ᱻȥ
Ǳػ֮һϤµźܶ㡣ĳһиǳ̲ǻüѼͶι˹˵
վڴϲҪ𣿡㲻Щ
ڴͿͿϣ㲻ϲͿϡͿϱҰѳ֣˲֪䷽Ǳѹԭ򡣡
ͷȻûһ򵥵ġ̩ɽϣ˳ɽƣ˽ڣطǶб£ûľ޷̩ƸߣʿӸ£Ժ׻˵ˡ
ںĵϣΧ㣬ֻĴͨУִֻҳԱϡһվ㹻Ķҩ½ˮ޿κΡ
°Ϳʼ˼ԼҪôˮСأ
ʯͷľϻϵĽŻʹΪȼϣȼעҩˮ㣬Ȼ뿪
ΪʲôͻȻ뱱ֲǿǱˡ
ԼԴطжһֵֹ롣
ҡҡλΣʹ͵ϤĽ֮һһ޳޳СһţֱٶףС糡һ㣬ɵҲͶһ㡣
ʱ糡Ѿǹ޵ˣЩͨڶڶĲ㣬ĵһȨġ
Ϊ̩ʹߣõõλãڱԶһ׵ĻǾ͵Ѫȱݡ
һԲƽأ
բͷҰ޵ĵطƽصǵĿ̨׸ߣϻףʯͷıҰץۺѪǹɳֱӡ
̨һȦʿżĳìҰʿóìԽˡ
λ£һСĵطǳСᣬϸպÿԿ棬ԱСӣˮơ
߶ǿʹߣСʹߡ۾棬ƺʹžԱиˣƺǲʹߣǸ˶Ļƽӡ̡
ʼˣ֪˭һ̧ۿȥľբűһѪ鱻Ͷƽ̨мλãӰӰðͷ
ԭһֻӺһֻǣ˺ۣݹᾣ۴ɷ
ȫȲҪһһΪ⶷һ໤ɱ
вʣԿȥתһԼעȴպÿ
ЦЦⲻ۵ףȻŵ£۾ȴƣƺԶ޲ǺܸȤ׳ԶޣԼĹײı춷޳λȴûְô
ֿˣΧʹǣкϲģվΪԼѡеҲвȤģһֱüͷܡ
޵ĹԣѪʳĴ̼£ֻҰ޸ûǣǺܿһѪҺɽ
ͷѣǹ˺ѵĺУŨصѪζͻȻеθϵģϵġ
ֱȺǻɱЩ޸СΪǱһ֮ﱾеȨǶ޳һΪڣΪ֡
ˣݵǰᣬͣ¹
˽̧ͷȥȴֻΧűתһȦͷһڱ
ᣬȻϯ
˵Ҳɣǿȥķķ
˫ǵ۾ݲеҲе񣬼ֱǶˡ
޳ҰޡȺ֪Ϊʲôһжξص·ʱ档
һ£ٻعѾͷʼҧӵʬ塣
һдֳգһ˴ӿ̨ϵǵǱ
Ůܾ֣ҸոƺˤĶվվǷͣ½ʳĶ˶壬ȥ̼ǸŮĴǽڣңҡ
ǸŮ˻˵ش󺰣ϣϰ
лҪ˵һδż#%&*ϵͳϡϵͳϣ޷ȡ
ƣ


141 141 

Ǹ˶ϵƷ⣬ǲʹߡ
һγʹǹһӡ
ʵںܾǰһ, ڵĺ赺һĶǺ, һʼǺͷ, ҡһ˹λ̳в, һ, һδ
ϺӰ죬ԲҹҲЩײкͶ
ԣһβʹͻȻŮ³ȥһ㶼, ǱǷӡ
أ
ɨ˵, ǵı, ˱ֳ˾ȣƺ֣üĽǲʹ߷ΪǸµŮûʲôͬ顣
ֿ򱱹ûʲôЦ, Ҳûƺʲô¶
¡˹ס֣һһɿָŷԼֲ֪ʱս, ָ׼۵⡣
վߵǰ, ˺ܶˡϽںţϰ
·ǿĲ޳, һֻӳһֻӡ
ⲻ֣ǮΧ۶޵ģ϶ǱصǮˡǼ˷̣е軧ֲһ굽ͷ̫ûɹΣͰջˡ
ýʽ˰Ϊ̩ƽһ·ٳ첻ũǱѹȰݵһѪⳤڽţѽ⡣
౯ϲͨıԾ˽ֻнԵơ
ЦһЦĲÿΪһȦȻҲһͬࡣû˵š࡯ıҪôֿ񻶣Ҫô޹صĮ
һ졣
ôãż
ŽĹ¶У롣
һְֻϣӱдƬ̣ͷ˹
£𿴡ȥˡ
֪Ҿò
мֵڣӦȡ֡˹˵ļ򣬡˵飬ӦΪϰΪ;ȷġһֱǶԵġ
ۣһȥˡ
˹ԣˣⲻҪʣ˹һֻ֣ŹơΪʲôҪڳƣ
Χ˴һĲҰлعҲ쳣ǲ̩Ҫʲô
һָϵĻɫˮָϷͷһƣҡ
һѹ
һȫɹ϶ɵĹͱ΢紵ĳ۾Ǹ߿յӥһֻס͸Ĺ֮ңһָѸٽᾧγһֻ͸ĺʸ
һֻʹڹĹϣ׼˳ڡ
ݣ
ѤӵĹ㣬׹سżȥ
ǵһ˲䣬·ͻȻˣǵĽŲһ٣ѷһĹûκξ춯ص죬Ǽꤾʹ꣬ͻȻըѳ顣
ͬ˵ͷŭ
Ұޣɱͬȡ֣ˣҰ𣿡
ʣ˭
ͻһһʱֹķţͻȻֵĶ޳Ͱܶ˸֪ʲô¡
Χ˶װףһ㡭񼣡
˹ĹˮðһЩ
ߺܺãǿϧһֻһΣǼߡ
Žָ³һ˹ǻذɡҾˣؼˡ
˹ļϣϻȥ
תǰóһ·ЩŮŮԶܿߣȵؿ
ͫһЩԵ۾һ°ˡ
ӵ²ٿһ𣿡
⻹һôƺӵ£֮ǰһֱǡ̩ӡ
뿴Ұ޳ˣԼȥҰһȦͿˣҺα￴֮񡣡鵭ҲЩĮ
ǿ߲Ϊ䣬߲ŪΪǻۡ޸֮Ұȡ֣Ȳ䣬ǻֻۣвбͶ񶾡ҲԸһطʹʱ򲨼ҡǳǸ£һǼ
̩һӲ˵߾ˣʣµʵܶ˻֮һ
ҵ̫񰡡Ǳǣļʸɣһʹ˫Ŀԣ첽ߵ󷽲վĵطɵЦû˹⡣
ΪΪǳָ׹䡣ڳ״̬˼ֱ̫ˣǻݵ񼣣ǰ
εҫ
ǶĲʹɫѾˡ
ȻĻǴӸոһ뿪̬ȣǲõģʮֲá
ʹ߲ûоԼʲôŮֻǸߣˡԼĹȡ֣ʲôԣ
뵽̩Ϊū跿ݣΪƶṩʳľٶǸ洿ӣ־Լˡ
ڲ̩ӵǰȡ֣ǲȡ֡
ʹ߲ҺͲ񡣵ϾСԴǾҪȥ̩ʳʣǵ̩
ûкô
Ϊ⣬ܶû£Ҫϻȥ̩ӡ
˰ǵʬռϸʬ涼񱻻𿾹һҲˣѪҲûж١
Լ°ͣô
߸ǹͨģ̫ڤ֮鶼ֻ࣬ڸĶЩ
ĬһģǲǱѪķʽ֮һϾҶĺᣬһȵĺᡣ
ԣ̩ӣȻҲҵӡ磬
޳ģ˭ĵɪɪǸŮʬ˾Сȥ
Ůµö£ѩأݴ̡֪δҪԵʲôû߸ԱͬȴΪ
٣̩ӵ¾㡣߰οʱȣѾǺ˵顣
̨ϵˣǹ廹ǸˣǴŮ̴ӣҵ۸ոտһ
ʵܶûȫ׿ֻһƬΣ㹻ˣԳΪ̸֮ʡ
̩ǰչʾ񼣣ɱһͷͼԵŮҰޡ˶Ǵ˵ļ֤ߡ
ʱûע⵽˹쳣
ΪǾͰ޳ĽΪģС糡ٱҰ޾ԱȤĹ¡
ΪʲôΪʲô޳޶սôڣ޳ֻἤıŰɷ֣ìܡϿ׬ǮĶǧǧ򣬶޳ֺѪҰϷ͸ñȡޣ
ʧ˹
˹һ㣬ܶƬڴÿһƬζ̩ӵе
ξʵŲ鸡һҪˤˡ
£û°ɣס
˹ӿ֣ȻԼԴͷʹѣʲôҪĶͲֻǱˡ
˹ͺһֻֽסͷ
ԴһƴһһƬ֣һ̩ӵһյֱҪͷ롣
ʱע⵽ĲԾ˹ôˣ鰡ӿǿ¡
˹˿̵ıȷÿʮ
˾˾Ǳħ𣿡Χ˶ԶԶģƴż˾ü˾
Ǽ˾ûеʱ˹ھʹܲˡ
һƷʯϵôڴ𾪵дӻҵĵϣԴĵʯ飬
лҪ˵δõ£õʧȥʹࡣ
ƣ߱£ϼҡ

142 142 

÷ʰ, ǽߡ
ҲǺ, ˵߾, ɡ˹ʲô, Ҳҹζ, 뿪ΪãԼҵ¶һ֮
ˮĽָ翪ʼʹָϣǴ֪Ȼһ
ʯࡣ˹еǵĻˮ
ֻ, õһҹͻˡⱾұĶ, һ嶯ˡˣ˧ʵҪ, Ʊ¶һš
ħЧһܴʮ̵ӡɣҲһԼڽżݵĹ⻷
ֻΪ˴Ұһ޹Ůˣⶼǹϻʲôֵṇ̃ⲻǳ嶯Ľ, Ϊӡ
˹ʱʱ̱̿ӵ飬ܵһ˺
˹ȰοĻ, 󸴸Ȼ뵽Ǹʹ, Цʧ
ǵԼɱŭּǸħһ, һٵĿ־;
һѾٵ̳λʸ񡣲λἤңֵܲΪʧȥʸͷŹܿܳҪѾ˳ͷԣûоøһЩ
˹û˵ǣѾȥŲʹߣ뿪ۿڣαװɺϮĴӣһɱʹߡΪʲôҪ뿪Ϊ룬鷳
ΪʲôҪϮǿǵСҵϰԻ纣һûдֹۣʱһЩûǺ߼Ϊӱ̼˵գǵԻ·һ˾벻
˹ò²ԷԻ·ֱӻɱˣǹֲŽᣬҲΪ
ܻٵļ̳Ȩȵ
ȻСƶÿҪһЩʳƷҲǵԼʳƷ㹻½أó׸ۿڡԣ̩ۿڡΪŭǣοϲΪ̳ˡ
ϣǿ϶̩ӣʹ߻᲻ͻȻԳ˵ãϾҲ񾭲
ϲöӰһļ̳ˣ
˹ôһ˵ʹ࣬Ȼһ»ܵһͷûš
кʹߡ뵽һˣԼڻһ㣬Ȼ޳ܵ˵̩ǣܱûʹô¡
ȥ縪׳нѺ׬ǮĲҵߣǮ׬
˹˵ˣΪһֱҵһ̵ɡȻžӶغ˿ڣôһ߲
Ƿʵսģ˹һȦû˵
ô룬һɳأʵǺȻ֮ǰļ̳ˣҲûʲô
ѵص̩ʿܿʰҪ󷵻ءõϢıҹܼҼҴҹͣա
̩ǿһܼסġ
֮󱱹ȥ֪֪ͨʱ˶Ѿ뿪һ£ˣ
̩ʵڴ󣬲ˣ˵߾ߡƢ̩ȫģǻ˱ԼҲݵġ
񱱹ڲûȫϳһ壬ǿ̩Ӳʵÿϧжϻʮƽ̾Ϳɣ
ʹžûôˣϢǣʧֱϡżʶ̩֮ѾҪˡ
ʹر볤
һԳžˡǣ̩˵߾ߵĵǿûУŪ˽飬عý
żĲʹҲ֪Ϣˡ
̩һʵˣУ̩ӿ¶磿
˶߶£֪Լӵ߾˺ܲõԤУ£Ҫʲô
뵽λȥ֮³̳λ룬ֵֻܻ䲡Ҫ
¶񣺡̩ӼȻ¶һ֣϶ʲôơ̩ǿȴںϡȻѾˣɴ࣬һݣ̩ӣȡʣ
ҪһΡ
ֱ̱ڵϣ˵
Ȼ߾Ҳȫûӣ˴ŸԼĴӪǼٰɺűۿ棬ȥ̩Ĵӡ
̩ӵĹô촫ȥ棬̩޸֮ߡĺͬģۺǾ޴Ѿá
̩Ĵ󣬿ֻң뱱ֱǲʮҴϿӾԼʤܴ
һɹҲûϵһЩˣܿͲˡ
Ҳ溣ճͺûʲôûоѵʱҲٰ纣ӹ̴϶һ
̩˿϶ΪԼֻ˺
һߣѾϤ¡һϤ£·ͻȻ࣬գܶӶѾոˣ¹ͺͺ
ԶԶԿƮŴ̵ĴׯڻҰ
һ·ϻƽ붬ļǹű³ŽڵߡǸĵĹңڶغۣǵײ˵ϻǳüγɵӪ沿ݡ
ӵе٣˰ء
ʵ̩кܶƽòãΪǴǿȨΥнʽ˰
ҪסԼײ棬ײͱӵлȨȥ÷ʽǽ
ײͨܽռܣȻ͵λ
Ϊ˽⣬Ҫ๤ȥЩέ˺͹ˣתصгӴƷϡ
һžܿ߶˲ƷԸ߲гѾ򿪡⻹Ҫ򿪵Ͷг粼г
ȿԽϷչɼ
ҪԵ鵰⣬νͳɱгۣռг
£ʲô
ɴ
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ƵŷɴǽŲʽģһοԷĶ޶ҡʽҪЧ֪١
ȥƹƵŽŲʽɴ͸Ч֯һʹãԴЧʽͳɱڵͳɱ޲ǰȳڵ鲼ܴ
Ȳ鲼鲼Ϊô䲻ʲôռĲгûǮ׬ŽĴ
̩ʹ뿪ٶȿɱٶȿ˲٣˵Ѿ·;һ롣˹żҲѾ̩Ǽպۿڽˡ
ʱ򣬻գҲιʳı˹ˣһ¾̩ӣ̩
̴Ӿú֣Сش𣺡£뿪ϤѾˡ
Ҫû˹Ҫֳһо𣺡ôˣ
̩޳¸еãվˡ̴С
˵
˹ճȭͷˣȷʵ޳ǰȡ޵޳Ȼ޹أȻҲ۲Ϊ
˹˺ܶ£ǳգԼΪʲôʱ缸ҲаƫƫѾ뿪Ϥµʱ
лᣬ˹ҪͻȻĶе㲻ԣΪʲôȺ֪
˹ɫһףƿӣȻζãо
ҵȡҵôܶ˹û֮ǰ侲
̴£˾˵׵ܡδЩ㡣
˹ˤ˾ܿˣʱҶΪԴˤˣû뵽һһѾʱ˾˹ϼ׵һһö̴˵ԺܻЩ֢Ǽ˾ȷʲôֻչ˹˵
Ȼ˫ʧȥ֪
㣿Ҳţ
ոջָ䣬Ҫ׳־չԼҵȭڱ߶԰̩˹ȫܽ£Ƿޣ۾Ѫ졣
ȥ̩ӣ죡£ܾңһܾң
лҪ˵ټҲ~


143 143 

ǵˣǾźú, Ҫ붫, ͽաĮؿȵ̴ӡ
˾Ҫ̩ӾΣ˹ԽԽͿ, ΪԼ˭һѱܡ
, ôôɣȻɲɾˤڸպڼзϡ뵽˹ǰϹۿ, ūʿҰж¶˼ı顣
ѵĲϲ˶޵ĳ棬Դ˳ͽ䣿
¡
̴һΪѵӣ˹֪ûгɡǹж, Ҳͬ, ˹, ȴȫܽܡ
ոջ飬һһζװ׵ģ·ǰ˴ţƱֻҪ߽ȥ, ȡá
ˡ
۾עŹȴֻζںڰ, εȵľ
ûвзƹܳеĴͳôܲ˻ջسУû˳, һ붼ǿ¥޷档
Ƕ̵һһλĶ̩еʯĥ, ̩ûеˮ
еһжôӡڴΪԼҵͨɹԿס
һεȿϲкεȾ
Щжǿ󱱹˹Цֲı
ǾôȥҲ᲻áһΣ֪Ƕõ飬˹᲻
˹ǵã˵ñˣҼһ㹻ʳбůԵ⣬Եκǡʱûеһ£þλǹϵ񻯣û˵Ļ
̩ѾҼʳ·Ե˵κ͸߼۵
ԭĿ
ԭһֱĶԼ
ͬʱ
˹˫ʧȥ֪˷˵ϢҲٴܶ˶ǣϾҲ̫ùСȻ廹ÿʲô˼
󹬣̩ͬ뿪ϢҲ֪£鸴ӣͬһ¡
Уһûĺˣ룬Լǻѡǰߡ
˹ûȥϤ±һǱϹ㣬һӡƶߡԸ˹Կ࣬ʶ˹Ѿ̭֮Ѹٵ˷
ϲǵ˹˹ûеĹ⻷Ҳûʲô˵ġ
ֻǣжȻûֵôúƣȫģŮڶϲ˫ǵжҪӱѶʵ̫
̩Ǹܺõͻƿڣǡ
̩յǷǸɴܣһ㲻η壿
Լһ룬϶η壬ģʲô𣿺οô˼ĵߣշ˰ɫӥͰɫʨΪ˵ðƻֻ˶Ц
հ˲ȥ̩Ӻ˹취ŤתĻӡͷȴ¡
һֱ˱ĸۿڣ󷽲ŴϢ˹ʧˤ¿̨˫Ȳзʧȥ֪ҲѾջأ»ص֮ǰǸСסǸС
ҲǺ죬ǽ仰Գͬ飬ûʲôر뷨Ҫ˵Ļǵùɡ
Ȼ׸ߣǵģһ˵ˤȥˤпܣˤ̱ǡ̫Сˡ
ӵ£ˡ޴Ҹʻۿڣб£ʿ豸һȥ˹Ҳȥ
Ƿǳˡ
ʱûʲô飿˶ڻɳϣһֶŲ裬һǣ˶ɿˡȻû½Լְ̲ܴȫС
ڸ浺ͣһʱ䣬͵һЩЩС͵͵ûתƣǵ⣬Ѿˡ
Ǹ
ǣﻹûйһ䣬档Ǻǽ˲ƥǡóһСӣֽģǴ¼ĽƷ
Сϵļ¼һ飬ִòϺǻȡ˺ܶľϡ
ľͷأˮϻᣬ̡еµĴ󴬣һҲôľϡ˵µʱͦˡ
ƽճʱҲҪľͷ𣿡
ǺںϺսʱǲģʱǿٺػ̴õġÿڶҪںܶϡҩġʯľġǺڻ½ԸľͷռһЩպÿЩľͷͻһЩ
뵽̩ѾյĲϲֿ⣬ĬȻ
ǶǸûйҵСܸȤСڱǾȻûռ
±Сǣǵ˲ϣĨһּѪĶҩ⣬˺һǸûʲôöͷˡ˺̶ܶӵתأ˺̶ӽǵˮԻʡ̶Ӻ̶֮ҲύƷ
۾һô˵ǻǸȻתۿڣǲкܶҵ˻
Цȷк̶ܶӣǸȤǾȥ
Ȥر̹ʵ˵
һγ֮һβ֪£
һγɱ̫ҲʦڣһһҪ湻ǲС
̩Ĵӵת򣬳֮ǰͣĵ쿪ȥǱ߼ٰɺõĲ˾õȲˣú֣ɳһСȥ
չȥȥ̽Ϣ˻ˣ̩ˡ
ϴ󡣡
ǣϴ̩ˡ
Ľץץͷˣĸ򣿡
Ǹ浺ķ򡣡
ǲǸմȥǶʲôĽһҲȥ浺ǶиСûеˮûˣǾȥǶǾǶһΧ
ƮźĲͳˣϺܵ͵ҴŶʮСʵڵ͵ⲻһﺣͶˡ
ͷǲЩˡԶСආ㱨
ЩˣЩ˿ǲ⣬ٻҲûŪ˰ǵǺãȫŪˣߵ̴ࡣͷĥ
ȫɱˣɱȡѣ̫ͷӺͲԹѾãΪǶһƬĦҪǶԷĴ̫࣬ͷӶȥһˡ
ԣѰ̶ӲֵǳôബĪз򾭹ͷǰһȥһᲨģʲô
һ磬óӣ򱴶һˡ
ʵڱûвʱͰѽȻԼˣûбҪôԵ̽˵ıҲܵó׼ȷĽۡ
ˣ֣ʲôҪϵ
һ˺мƣһˣֻǲȷ
ˣʵı񰵵һ£
Ц¿ˣûˡ
еˣǱˣǱ󵽹㳡ʯϣһԴмѪԵϵģǱԼ纣ĳޣǲˣǳˡ
˶ֻǱһˡ
һ죬ΪеķͼͰĵͼ
۲ܾãҲҰĵĹҾ̩̩ҰĲлǿ϶ѡչͼпǾ̩Զϱߡ
пǱȺɽΧƽԭҪпǣֻնɽ·пǶɽ֣Ҳж棬ԼпǹǿҲס֪мܵԲ͵ɽ·пǡ
󿴵ӣоıҲһβԸ׵¡ûʣֻЦ˵ǲǶȿһأҲҵˡ
лл¡ûзȥӵĺ⣬ϵš
һűûſ˵£ˡ

ţ򿪣վſڵľĪɴĵʦɫöˣһɫֻü仹ǻ֮ȥŨ
̧ͷȻע⵽ϵı
ʦ۾΢΢űҲĿԡ
С˾ˣ
лҪ˵׸ĿӰӴԺ뺣ؾΡ
̽׶Σ޶Ѽ

144 144 

С˾ˣ㻹ţһվ, 嵽ſڡ
أ㣿ʦҲܼ, һֱ, ȿȿ, Щ껹𣿿ȿȿȡ
˵, ʼԣļ򣺡С˾ˣѾȥˣҽбǵ, ¡
һתͷ, Ѿʧ, ̱һʧġֻˡ
ΪһƬ֪Ҫôл
˹Ŵ򿪵̧ͷıһ
ôô
󻺻תߣ𣬱Ȼпǰ, û⣬ǵһ̳ˡ
˹±ʣµˡǼܶ˶ˣȥЩȷȥ, ټȥԲϵģֻпǸ˵ʧٵӡ
첽߹, һţϹһ, ˹
˹ļһߣƺҪң֪ʲô
˹֪пȻһֱ˵𣬵δ汾µĵһ𣿿С˾˾֪֮ǰĵһˡΪʲô
£ĳŮ˶ٵҸԸпǵΪͭ󡣡
˹ؼ㣺ͭͭǲǳǰſɳĿ
˹ͷķӦ忪һܴͭͭߣҪôñ֮ųпǵĳŮ˵Ϣ
ɢ˼ά뵽槼Ͱ榵ϣŮΪڣ˵ŭийĳڣԾĿͻ١
ʢòɵ׺ʷòͳҹ֮
пǵܾ谮ֻһڣ
ɫڸ˾ʵͼͭ
뵽̩һͭǻ̩ĵһͭ󣬵Ǽǻ̩ͭģֻóǮȥ
пǵȻû֮ԼģҪžðġ
İ
޵Ѿ£ֻʱѿ
ҡͷпǵ̫ӣʲôʲôò̫ˡĸȴ׵̰
ͻȻǰյһȸߵĶ񣬴žǱģȥ֮ٻתתǼһζûĶڻӭˡ
ƺܸˣ˹Цʡ
ͷӺһţ̣Ȼһв֮ˣںʵλãɱͭء
Ƕϱľ˾ˣǻ۵ĥֻӳɫ˲ţϸ£Ϊײߡ
˹һЦֻмô룬˿ñͭҪпǵ¡
ֺһţ̣촽մһ׺ӣĿǳ
˾˵˺ܾõĻٹȥʱ˶Ѿ侲˾˻һӣֻ˹⡣
֣µ񣺡Ǳľ˾˰ݶ˹ӵ¡
ؿʲô㣿ȻҺΪ£㻹б飬æԼ¡
õΪһУݶ˹һףûκβˡ
ʱҪҿҵ俴͸һֿ϶ңҲҪȨƣѾһôʣµ飬һǺúչ˱Ǹ
һ
б飬ҵѾûбԸˣллӵ£ԸΪʹ
֮󣬱֮Ϊǻۡİݶ˹ȥ˻ȻѾͱϣǰȫҪȻȥ
׼۲һǿãһԡչʾԼĹϵĲŻŵȥƳ١֮ǰٿԵš
һգӵ浺һеڹĵ죬һһСһһмС֫
䳱ʱ򣬺ϻһ·ͨǸָһ˵
ͣȻۿڴѾкܶСǵĻҪСһ㡣Сˣһͷһͷ໥ԷƷҪҪס
ЩС˿̩ĴӣǴ󴬣Ŀ¶η壬ηﻹŵĽҪֲҿֻͷš
Ѿ׼һ·ҲȥһСϿǵĻ˹ȻҪͬģֻаɫǰתƣָ࿴һۣȥ
Ҳͱ¶ôԴιɣ˸ʨҲ׼Щʳ
ʿȥһƬʹͷĵطܶླྀʯӲĥƽˡ
̴ֻܶһ죬һ㵭ˮߣö֮γĽгΪǸˣżҲԻܲĶЩڱĲֵǮ˱ȴֵǮƷʼҵôġ
һڰʮĹгԽĸоߵһҴڽ䷢һЩʯʯпš
һߣ̩浺ͣĲҲڸһ˵ͣ
󣬻е䣬·壬۾Ųã
̩Ĵ׼ʲôʱ
ˣҲ֪ĴսһγִæûЯܶʣԲĽе㲻ͷԼݲ㣬ãɲͷꣿ
浺ȫ̴Щ̴Ҳ䱸սʮҴҲƮź浺ȥԲĽ̩һܣȴֻܴڴͷžӴ硣
˵̩Ҵ˵̩Ӻܺôůᣬǹһ㡣
һͷһļ޵ıӺ˻Էֱ̩ȻȾƻȭöԷĻ֪ҪůĶ
شŮһϳıӣܾϲ˵Ͱ֮ǰеĶѷŵȻһӡ
һֱΪд˶ˣʵ滹вŮԣֻǶɹڣϲŮЩŮǸŸĸһֱܵģҲͷѰŮ˵ǻܴ
ûŮ˲ϴۣǱصıŮܴҲú
˹ְĲɫһߣԼӸšֻһˮôİɫû취úһʿæȥһӻôЩǣȻÿһ˿Ҳǲֵģϲûʲôԡ
ǸİɫǽᣬѾ񻯣Գ顭ɫϡ
˺˺ܶϵ̴۸һܴܶ࣬ǺܺõƷǷһ֮ɵµĴһݼԣ󻹷ĺۼ֬ճϵֹƷ
ǺźûЯ
ӣǹɵһزԲһֺõճϼ
Ǹִ߶ܸˣЧʸߣʹøӷ㡣С˷ܵغ˹˵
˹ţÿ̩Ҫӹɵ½ڼϣһοԽһЩһ
˵ǱǾһǱ
һ˵ջڶ࣬ȻŶĥˮݣҲ˲ٺö
½˰͵ľּ̩ʺֲ͵ľԼеĺңʵļ̩ػпĹֻƷֻȽԭʼ϶ǿֲϷĿĹӡ
˹ȥһʲô©֮أ
̩Ĵ浺һ죬ĺںһҲ죬Ľ紵˸ɣƿڴ̩ڸʲôƵʲôûУǷ𣿡
һͷ˲ĺҲ̽Ϣԭɺ͵͵Ϊ˷̩
ͷǿԵߴ͵͵С強üŪۡ
ͷüˣ˭áǴ;ܷһ⣬ձ󡣶ң̩Ӻҹߺȹƣн顣Ҫ˵Ը˭䣬Ȼǲо仰㡣
Сȥ浺ȥ̩Ĵͷ˵һ飬һСԴ𣿡
ˣϾȥ
лҪ˵ߺߺߣãɱֲ
ѽ
̩ѽ

145 145 

, ӵ, ͷں赺
ӵʿ˵иԳƺ赺СҪ룬֮һŲװͲһͻСͳˡ
Ƕ׼ģ밲, Ȼֿ¶һڻ£ͷǰͷһﺣ, Ǹģһ֪ǲĺź죬רŵġͷ˵һȹƵĽ, ܰװ׿ˡ
üͷûһ, ЦǺǵģллţҲллͷͷٺȾơˣԹûУո, ţǰĽϣ˺ܲͻƽ, ŨԸոպá
СͶţﻹ̵סͷʮԥ
Ĺ, ЦҲǣͷӦûȥӣҸպóƬһЩպõĽţ⣬ٴһƣͷӹȥ
ǾƣͷģߵСҲֵܷһ㡣Сӣͷ
ӵе͵ĺ˽һ̸ɹ͵ǰ
ȳţȥ·
󴩵ûǳ׻˵·һ·մ˲ණ°ڴʪһƬСֹ֪ȫɹߣȻǵͷ
ЦеңϵЦݾʧˣһۣһߺ˹Բߡ
רһˣϢӦģǸ͵ٴ̽ϸһЩ
ң㲨׼ǣΪʲôţܲΪȹһپƾ͸ε˰ɣ
õɣɱһͷţЩ;ƹȥȲ
ԭ򣬵һ˾²塣µӣȻͷ
˹ΪһЦ˵ģЩƾûаװ˷ѡҪ֪٣ԳڵʱȥһǷвǲǾڵǡ
ȻҲ£ǰ׼ǸáϢģȷΪǱʧⲿʧļֵɱһپҪߡ
Ҳ֪֪ͨжǽύ֮ģ֪ǺͲϣܾˣҲһ⡣Ȼд£гͻһСС˻û£Ǵ͸ˡ
˹ô󷢳ǵʿȫսʿ˶ƴɱġ
̩սʿĸһܸߣǮأкܶһвûдۣ۾ǾΣ
¶ʿ̫ˡ˹˵һսͲܳΪһϸսʿҵһûᡣĺѵأкĽթ䣬Ǹܺõĥʯ
֪˹˵öԣսʿְ
ڻ֪ʲôȴ顣
·ͳȥˣǰ󲻹ӣСĸɹѾһ롣ֵûйƤмϸһĹƤҲԵˣˮƬûŹ
пɹģ
СԵÿģȻģ൹ǲࡣһ󣬾Ǳβ͵ĺӣһ¾Ͱӷ£
ЩҲóԡ˳ָץһѹɣָЩЩᣬЩŴ
󲻹̫࣬Сһ
ְѺںצ
ԼҲһӣһ߳һߺСģûĺܶ࣬СԼ顣
ССô뵽ȥ֮ġ
СУ־Щ˵Ҳνһһʮ˵ˡ
СԭĶԼֻ֪ǵԼ︸ĸһСڴϳСʱϴװ壬˰æͻ
ǴǸ̴һСūҴںʧ˷ת˼£ܶബԱ˰Ѫ֢˰Ѫ֢ĴԱҪºСҲһ
ˣץŲ֪ƮľûгȥȻͱͷˡ
ͨСԼ˵ʱֺǺǵģüѡϲĵȻڵȻϦڵģͷҲͦõġ
ţⶼѾп飬ֱһӵɰװˣٷһƣЩͷлٺȾơ
ţζʵ̫ŨˣǴ⣬ţģһˣ̳п顣ϵζɢŵ֮ˮͿʼԶڡ
СòУԼؤװˮȻһ⣬ƿӱζллӵ¡
Сûжã̩߾ͳһС׼ȥ̽ЩˮԼãǱӾӵġˮ󲻷ģպţţ׸һˮºõҡ˵Ȼһɹζˮ»ܾ
Ⱥˮ˵ڶղŻںˮһϣŶһϣʱƤͰ͵ġ
ҩǺúϢʿ֪һһʮ˵֮
ȥϢˡ
˺˼һŵġһȺʿǧʮҴսҲȷΪ̩ӶΪץס̩ӻȡʡ
ʧܵĿҲ뵽ˣ˵Ծ̳룬˷ӣ̩ô࣬׷ϡҲܲµǲ
ΪƬ̩漰ĺԲԼҲûϵαװַӱ˺˻̩ӵǰ
ǲ˵ҲȷʵڣǴ࣬һɢܱ´֣ûô
һɲ̫뿴˴ǻ뿪
ѳĽţһͻȻ˵
ŮԣǴӳһ̽ţ⣬⣬н
ŵɫǰӥ۾󣬶ɢŨζţⲻмһˣӥֻʵ⣬ֶֹŪҡ
ͷת˭ˣסζһţʵţ
ҪϵҪϺһԸ˹һ²³Ĵ㡣
ϵԡ
ǵ΢Цһ⣺ǲҪٰ纣ܷҲܡϵϸǣһڳԺڡСսˮƽȴȱǴ²սǾ֡
ǰսʿֶȻǶƣǲܾġ
۾ˣ£Ҫ󴬣
Ҫ󴬣
ԡսľ϶ǰľģ˵̩ҲһֱȱлᣬȻܴ
ʱǿר󴬣Сĵͺá
˹
ͺ
һ£˵ʵ̩ϵ¶ʵߡʱ󲿷ֹҶʵߣҲҪӲҪӡԼٰ纣£ûٸɣ̩ҲͲúͺʲô⡣
һʼûпǵ⣬ڲӵ֣ʲôϳ飺Ƿȱˡ
ҴѣΪƻӵµòʧ
ǷſģȻǺϵġ±ͺûйϵҲָǴͷǣǺͲսǿߵķšߣЩҲøһ⡣
ʵ϶ûвǿǶԸɢ֧Ĳȴûʲô⡣
Ҳ˵̩ܿͺֱӽӴȻ˫ΧлǿֻǺ·ӴܵĲһڳԺڡ
˭Ҳ˵̩ͺĻȻû𺦡˽µĲ²⣬ǲ²ѣͷʢסŵĲ²Ʋˡ
ҲԼΪȷʵҪȥƹƷ
ͬƻͨдһ壬ӥȥҵĿζֱӰѶȥͿԣ˷ʩΪ˱塣
ӥһˣվڴͷͻȻɫú֣Ϊ뵽һܹؼ⣬ǳǳؼ
ʶ𣿡
лҪ˵Ҿã̩ӿܶʲô⡣


146 146 

ʶ
ʶ
ֻͨİɫӥжҪϵ, ɳԼ, ȥʲôηĻܲƺ⡣
ѽҪ˵̩ӣƧŪôõ, ôóԡйߵĺͷӾԼⱲûԹôóԵ⡣
СˣһӸɹ, һ⣬ȥĺƻ
ͷһĴȣѽֵϵ
ǰ滹һֱ̩ӡ̩ӵغһԼܳûһ, ͱˡֵܡȻҲˡ
ʵ溣Ը, ʹˮһЩҲǺܺ
̩ͺԼʱ䣬ֻһ, Ǳ߲ȴҪȲҪˡ
ԭûʳûˮˡûˮҪһЩ, ʳֲˮֻɴȥŪһЩ⸽浺ֻƵȥһȡˮǲ, ǧ˳ء
ٵһգ޺޵ִҾͲˣ̩ӻܳǶˣ
֣һѼһ̫뺣ף̩ӻûκζ
ˣ׷ˣ̩вƧͣ졣ĨһŴ󺣿һ죬Ҳˡ
¼أȥ˯Ҳˡ
ͷ˻жǴӣܲȫһײϰˣԲܷľȥ˯ˡֻãһϣҹĵ㣬˵ľƣʱ̩ӳˡ
ѵشӴˮ£̩ˣ
ʿһѣԺ·ˣһʣ˭ҵĿӣ
һʣ˭ҵĵ
ʮ⣬̩вǸ͵͵º͵͵һ
ĪǾΪ˶ܿܵķ롣
񣡡һԵɵɵʿһţһ㺰δӮˣ˳⣡
ʿˣǿƤӣŵ͵ȲĽһ¡
ˣ
Ժ˵ͨ˵ֱǰǷϰһֱѧϰļܡ̩Ĵߵٰͷţܺ޶
ԶԶģĽһ޴ӰΪĳά벻ҹä֢ûҹӰ
ĽָһеĴһ¶˻ѣԱƴ̩ӸȻʿû뵽ǣǴϷһʯͷٶ¾һʵĵڵһ»СǴĴ塣
һ棬ĴֱӱСһҲһǣۿҲǲˡ
Ľɫһף棡죡
ˣ⹦СУˮܿȱڽһûʿĽűߡ
СֱǺҹһİӣҸЯͶʯĴ󴬣˵ǳһһ׼
ȻŹǵĹߣɫҲҹɫһڣ¶װףô
£վڸߴսóǴָӡĹ״žṩ˼ֻЧĹ
һμԦִӭˣվָңÿڴڵĵطӴҲ
ཡһ죬ϵĹ̵ȼԼϵļͷͷһ޲
޲մ֬һȼ
һ֮꣬ǰλ÷˹ȥ󲿷ҲС˵˵Ĵ塣
ʱĴͿķˮ϶֬Էǳ»𣬻ǺսϲĹʽ֮һΪ˶Ը𹥣һ㴬϶żˮͰüʱˮ档
Ļݾͺ޲ͿĨ֬޲ʵһҩ裬ڵĤҩȾͻɢϵȵĶֶŨȲûʲôˣֻһʱ
Ҳ͹ˡ
ȵǱߴԱˮѾʼá
ͨ
ʿӶˤˮһôʪͷſڱһߴ󺰣ˣ죡
мʮףûж̱Ӿͳˣ˵ȥֱˣû취ˣٲǵһ롣ЧǸҲԼ̵档
ڲʹǺһ˲Ƹı׼
Զؿĺˣٴδ˿ڣһ̵ĽǶȣʼ׷
֮ǰĴΪṩǰķ
̩ʿԼλϣȻٻ緫ṩ١ǵĴʻֿȣʱ׷ɥ֮ȮĲȻִսСû̩ʿ
ǰѾƲĵ㲨ʿǻǷɿӴ̩ܲͻ
ͣ£ͣɱ㣡
ŭţһʿЦͣµ𣿴·һȥ
նʿ̫˹ؼʱʿҲԸº
̩ĴѾǰ׼ֵ̩ʿľ֮䣬ȻٴǵĴ
սϣԵǹǹ
ĽӭУǸһǧ顣
ƤƵȥ
ЩߵʿҲµĵˣ·Ϻܾõĺǡͷ̩ԣСͷǳԣһ㲻ʳСҲϲ
վڴͷԶǸȻҸԹԣҺӵʱû̩⣬ǸһͭƤĴҰţҧһڱ˵ʨӶҪţǴ̴
ĸӿס
θ̩Ǿ񣬶ĺͨģһʿһжףһ棬λò
̩Ķ֣ûмоͻ̩ʿĵǹ֮¡
̩ʿԽɱԽ£żȻ˵ɲֹǵĽʿʵڴ򲻹ɷ̩ʿǲòѡߡֻһ⣬ǾǲĽ
֪˭ܣѹһ̩ʿϣȴκλӦһ
Ÿ˴ʿѪһһӿܿȾ˴塣
̩ʿͬ۾·ѪȾˣһĽȴסˡ
̩̩Ľǿ˫ĿȺ죬ɱ
ͱײײ˻𻨡//ಫһΪ֡
սѪĥ·Ͷȥǲġ
ʹߣ˵仰ʱûǿҵһսС
ս޿ɱ⣬̩ԺҲв֮սǽΪĳ˵˽ôˣлвռˡ
˹ϣ£һû˯Ϣˡ죬һжˡ
£¶ı
ҪȵճεսƻҲҵĲ룬ھȥ˯ĻоԼӱһ
˹˵ֻǰվߣ
ս˰ϣһֱշǰףⳡսᡣ
̩Ĵɻս̩ˣȴڸλѾǴʤ
⼸˶ڲĽǲĽԼҲˣıﶼߡɢɢĲʿѾС롣һС˺սƷ
Ѿ룬С
뿪ǰ̩Ĵ죬ƣΪƵˡ̩֪Ǻڱʾлͺڡ
˵ʿ̧ȥҪ촦˿ڡ
Ѿʿǵʬ屻һľϣ·ȻˮǺᣬʿѾϰˣµЩ˻δĳһҲҪַʽԶʹ󺣺һ
̫Ӿͷ𣬺ƽֵһ߽ɫ
ģůȵƽĺϣʿͲдѾ뺣ףֻһЩĴͲ֪˭ľ·Ưںϡ
һУҲƽһССڴȻǰֵһᡣ
ͷ۾ճϵճ
лҪ˵ÿԴ󺣵ʱ򣬶ԼСЩҲС
ѹֲʹʱƼȥϺ~
ȫʼ߿Ըѧס̬Լˮƽ

147 147 

ʱ̩һҴһ, ׼ȥ, ̩ĴӱһҴ󴬺;һ
Ǿһǿĵ
ĳСĸۿͣԱ֪̩ӵĴӣӭ
ǸȤĹ, оŸ󵺣оŸ, ҵǾŸʵоŸң֮໥
һȤĵطǣľŸԾֺ䱦ɺ顢ϱĴͣСɺ֮, ˵ֹ׸ߵĺɺر, Ѱǲܵüġ
Ȼӵ£һܼǵıġǵϲĿˡӭǵĹԱǳ˵
Աо߲µĴ, ӦһߵҴߡ
ҲܽΪʲô飬ǽܱط飬ǽܺı͸ִ˵ʱҩƷ˲ˡ
Աرʾ, ԸΪ뿴һɺı
ȥıֳֻʲôۡ
˺Щʿʵڲ뷢ʲôĪˣϾܾ룺ллıôǴӾ, Ҫ˵
˵ĹԱʮʧ̫ϧˡѵһΣһɺı
̩ĴҪڵͣһգҪһ㵭ˮʳŪĴҲҪһ¡
벨ϮѾ˼գûдκϢԣʧصĲԼľǸʹ߻ȥ϶ùˣĺʹԴЩʧǸʹߵϡ
໥֮ɱ
ǳ̬ǲһʧƵĶ
һγʶ˺ܶܶˣкܶܶң˹Լ֪ĶۺʵĽУܿ죬ȥۣԽԽӵϡ
˹ǰǷɵģż¶һ㺢ӰСƢ
״̬˽״̬յúܺá
紵ͷ
һߣйԱҪڴͣһգɺʲôһߡĵط𣿡
ӵ£ɺһ壬Ǵϲĵط˽ƵɳӣỺĴڰϣ񱴿ǣıҲΪǵļͥ롣˵ܺõ˻顣
ƽĺӻȥ񱴿ǣӦòʲôҪȨϲ֡
ͷǾ鷳ǹȥˡ
·ɺһ棬һɫĺߡİɳĴϰɫĺһһŸʳǺӦûǺζȼʤء
ɳ̲ϹȻຢڼ񱻺ƹıǣͶС߰꣬Сꡣ
ЩӶģһǴһҪŸĸѧϰ㣬ȼЩǡﳣ˹չЩǣЩĻΡԱߵ
ȻǴ˶æŴ㣬ֻһЩе˺Ͳĺӻ
űһöĺݣһöɫ·ıݣϧƵģֻһ롣
ɳϸ˵ѥӣЩӺ˶ŽɳߣЬӷú֡
ѾӴɳĸоȤɳ޻
⿪˶ҲǸضʿ
ʿһʲôС
ʵﶬڵĺе䣬Һýܺã·ܵ˺ɢĿ֡
˹źߣˮûĽţ˻ȥ̺ܺ棬Ϊ˫ˮʱɳӻᱻˮߣǽµɳɶһڶҲĸо
Ҳᶢ½µɳ棬żˮˢ󣬻ı¶ѾǣǷһСڴ
ͻȻһܴıʮֲִڵıǡ
һƬǺǼģôһǣ˵ֲִڵĴ󱴿ǲֵǮ
ǵˮҲˡѱ˻ΣγһЩûȫʴɾ⣬е
Ҫһ
ףһöôԲӣɫģƯĻơ
ǻ飡йԱϲغǺ飬˵̫뺣Ļûɡӵ£Ǻںкء
Ǻ񣬹Աô˵Ƕ
֪飬ôĸͷҲϱˡ
˹ϲԺǶȨϡ˹Ҫ̳е̫ͬ·ʺǶȨϡ
˹û뵽ôĶȴδǶȨϡ
лл£͵ģҶϲ
ú飬ѾõõĻΪˣɳ̲ϼߣȴټȡǡ̲ϵ˶ؿȻܶˣӦûûмĳࡣ
һȦ̫ѾʼߵϷһбǶʿһֱ
÷Ӵڴóʵ޲̺ڵϣһʳкõƬһġϴɾˮõΡ
Ұ
͵ϣΣһƬ߲ˡһƬɰһƬѬ⣬ͿζĽ
ɺĹԱҲϲΣŲ˳ԵķʽǲҲܼԡ
һʳһͺߵգ紵ǳȫɢˡ
ʳܶ࣬Լ˳Բ꣬ͽа÷һЩɳ̲ϵĺǡֵȥһЩ˵ͳˣһЩ᲻ã·ڴ
С¨׼ؼˣǳȺɳ̲ϡ
ʱȴܹһɷʿְѼһƣǳţÿÿϣ棬˶
ӱƵڵϣǴС¨ǸСĺӣ֪űǾ۴㻵㻵ҵı
Աߴһĺ죬¶Ƶʿͷ˶Բҵܵܲ¡
Ǹʿջ𣬵ͬסˣǺӣʲô
˵ѵıǼŻȥ˵ߣؼȥﲻˡ
ʿŲܿ죬һ͵ߣǰͷʿž߷ǵҰȴ̩ʿһȭᵹڵϡ
Ǹʲô췴°
һֱǵɺԱתǸʲô췴£
ʿŭȻֹٴˣ
ƻ飬ǰһӡٵͻȻɱ
ʲôǸʲô
ʿ壺ˣϣ˵Ҫ档岻ã˳ײˣԡ
ʲô˵˵ҲЩӣϣһֻʲô
һֻ£ϸϸģ˵ǹһ֣ͦ
ߣôּаζ
ԭˣмǸʮһƤҰˣȻѾһЩ·ϻǺġıиƤˣƤ촽۾ǡ
㣬С̹
ټŮӣվˣ񣺡
ȻµؿһȺˣĿķɫ۾ɫת뵽ʲôЦݸһ㣺öڴдˣ
֪Ѿϳͷǵģǽղŵ˴档
Ȼɺôȥһɵ˿ˡЦ˵ƤȻڣȴܽйЦˬ⡣
ɺĵΪ̩ӣߵȴˡ
ò˿ٿֺ׵صһ٣Ȧס֣£𣿡
һ㣬¡
ҧҧԽԼǱľˣ̲סۿһߣҲˣ
󣺡
лҪ˵ƣȻ֪ʲô£ܾһڹԼϡ

148 148 

ɺ, һ, Ǿȥһһ²ͬطĽҲãǰشϡԺҲףܹһ͹һ䡣
ֻǻȥһ·Ǹò˻ǿӲǱ, ۾۾
һˣǽԼˡǵ򣿿Ҳ, ٶҲûء
ǵˣС˹
ɺĵϲƯˣѾɽܶˡϺܶΪֺõӡţҲˡ˹һ, ²صģ, ɺĵڶʲôٶ
ܿҲܿ
ٵǴдһԩҪϾż, ݲһĴڡ
һλӵ£Ȼɫ˵г裿
ٺŸֻղݳûһŵ˸ǿϡ
ܵɢ, ˵סҲԶȻûжãǾ͵˵Ĺ
һ޳˺״ʯͷǱ, ʽסĵطȴ档
ǲtҹĻʱͻƣĴֻṩһ㷽򡣡ḻĵθܡ
˵֮ûжãǸС¥ůĹ⡣
ʱ̫Ѿһ뺣շĻҰɫҲˣѾ˶
ǸС¥Ĺȴٻɫʱů
ӵҪȥ𣿡ƺܸȤǰĵͻȻͷʡ
𣿡ȻȥֵطҲڵ
һЦ
ʲôģ
һ˾ͳǱߣֻ֮ǰòǱһӣ̩ӣ
ɱģŷ֣ۣⲻǴ˵̩ӣֹӵˣ
˵ɫҰһƬ̩ӡ
վʲôͣ½Ųȥ
˿첽£ǲǸ鷳ˣ
ʲô鷳ǰߣҲͷһ㣬ƢҲ̫ˣϹ¡
˸ĬĬں档
Ѿ˵ĸ߽ۡ˿ŷ·ͽ·ǲֲͬ׼ȥɺĵ˳ߵĽߡ
ѩ׵ʯģµķ紵ɹܶطˡһЩ޸ĺۼ
ߴԶߣ֪ۡЩ̨һܴҪһһȥҺһֱж壬Ų¶̬
ϲĽϱͣźܶһˣһصʺ
ڵϺܶϷɵģšůǻһηɹ˵
˺һŵߴһطƽףֻվĸˡ
ڱˣǽõһߡ
͸⣬ǸѵĸĲt̨վ棬Կ֮ǰǹİ壬ĴͣĸۿڣԶϵľۼ䡣
ע⵽֮ǰϹŵţһĺŽǡָֻڰеĴֻǰԤе˵
t̨߽
Ҫ̩ĸۿҲôһ̩һҲôõʯϣǻששҲճˡ
󻹷һ
ʯ͡
ûŵģʯ͡
ʲô֬ǶϵģҲֲϵġװָźںʯ͡
Ǻͣɺĺɳ͡ȻܳԣȴȼϣѰ֬á˵
ʯǺöҪʹãʹúܶྫ豸ֽܷ⡢ȡãȻ̩ûƳءƶľ̿ľ̿¶ȲղϺ߸ֲġ
Ȼ㲻ֽȡʯǺö
ʯͿΪһЩṹ󻬼֮ȱһ֬ҪܶࡣǵʯͻȡʯǾ岽ѾˣԺʵһ¡
ֺ͵ƣȸߣѰ֪֬ﻹж٣ҪһЩȥá͵˵
ʹúаˣֻ֪ⶫƺãҲʲôϡıЦ˵ӵϲֱӴһЩߣ˵ʲôˡ
ôУͺãԺһģۡ
һ۸񣬺ܵļ۸񡣲ΪͲޣֻܸʮͰֱˡ
˿Ѿˣʿ棬һҪ
ΪȥףúСĲܲˤȥ˹ļһȥЦغ͵˵ܺãһ׼̩ĸۿһǶֻҲࡣֻ̨׿ɾͲôˡ
˵Ҫѧ޸⣬߸ԶӰ첻
ֻЦ˵˼ʮӵ׼͵棬ǿɵõһЩʱˡ
Ȼŵ޺ãﲻҲ𣿡
֮ȥۿʿʯͣԼ͵֮

ʱعͷȥԶԶһ㣬Ǿɺĵ
ڶһ磬ɺϲɹʯ̩ͣ뿪
һתվһվ̩ĸۿڣǳһµС
ĺÿ춼ʵĺʣǱ˵˹ˣֺȰ߶ҪԺʳˡԺܶຣǾͬĺʲͬƷ
ߺóԣɣľƬ
һ˵ַζʳˡȻڳԺʳԵˣǻȥ½֮Ҳûôס
ʱ򲻾ӦһЩƷȥôԼųԣҲˡ
һͷԱǿôһЩľı߱˺ܶӣ˴װ壬Ųͬĺʡ
ЩɹĺʶѡͷģͷеȵΪʳͷС¶
¶źͽͲһķζʱһ¶ζΨһõҪһʱơ
ʱϵĴײ˶ոˣʿζ١Թ˺֮ٳˬĴײˣʿǾΪˡ
ϴԺҲڴֲ˰һʿ鵽
һԴǵĴôļװֲ𣿡
ʿʧȥ
ǴԼһڰײ˺󷴶ԥˣҲǲ֣϶ֲôּ࣬С
극һ̸٣ÿʿһ֣ÿ˿ԷֵһƬЩȻһֱϸ棬ôˣ϶еˮˣɰͰ͵ģûʵĺóԣʿȴԵúϧ
֪ԤƴԱ֮¸ƤǶ᲻öҪһһڳꡣ
γ;ôãûһԱѪ֢״ѾٺԺ̩
ıرˡ
ջĺƷɹɷɱãʺ͸ʣҲʱڽ̩ĺ
ѲߵĴӵһǣһϳˡҸš
Žں洵𣬲ԶһѲߴˣҲŽǡһһܿۿǱߵ˾֪ӻˡ
ٱڿСֲϢ̸ǶվڸۿڣʿΧİյڲԶ
ӵ»𣿡һһɵϴŽſ
ˣϾ͵ˡʿЩ˵˵
̫ˣˣǶˡ
ۿڴĴ˱𴦣̩ӱۿڡ
ԶԶվţһҴѱϵĴеúͺһһֻɫӥӿкХҴϡ
ӵµķӥ֪˵
ԽԽӴ˵ǰʱ󲻵Ĵ󴬣վһСķǹһߴ󣬹Ĵվһˣ߻֡
ӵ£ӵ£ӭؼңһ˽Ⱥˡ
˶ڻӦҲֱۣҴţӭؼң
˴ӸۿһֱϣһƬ󺣶˵ӭؼҡ
лҪ˵н~
ؼҵĸоð~~~


149 149 

һյĺǲҹ, ƻڸ, ԶʿɢȺҲѹºʹȥ
ƹһʿڴһ·մ̼սðաӶϻܺ
ʿǲ֪ǻﺣǲٰ, Ҳ֪ƵĺʵǵĺߡҲ㹻̼ˡ
һȺ󺣵ںϣɲһܼ򵥵顣
ʿ˵þʷ׳, ·һðС˵ýζ
⻹бʿϸڣ籱ĵǻκаĺʹۣ߱չʾ񼣴ӼҰ¿Ů
һ·ȡԪغļֱ̫ˡ
ӵþƻԼΣ, ŴӺ뿪пӵǻۡ
ȵ˵ʹߵа޴, αӣּƿڴ
˵Ǹ¿̨һ㱻ǳԵŮǳ˶ߵͬͶԲбߵŭ
˵ϺͺӴȫʤʱ, ˻Ϊ̩̩ӵ¸η
ȣǺ˶ٶҪǮƹݵϰ󷽵˵
ʿܵ, ˵øʹˡÿʿĽǶȲһǽݺһƬƬƴճһðչ¡
ۿڵľ˶, һɳһھƹҲԸ뿪
ȵһ˯ѵʱѾ˴˵
ԼҵĴ˯Ҳر͡ڴϹȦ˹Žʱպÿ
±ӣһ˹ϢĻ𣿡
˹ƲסЦȣţܺá
ʱߣͷȥ
һ˹˵⣺
˵ܻؿ
ţ޵ؿǰ̫꣬˷ʱˡɺǸǺܺõģΪϵĴָҲΪt̨Ǹۿڳеı䡣
һҪܶꡣ
ȫʯϣҪܶ꣬שʯˮ࣬㹻֣㹻ˡ̵Ĵʯأשˮǽ棬һƸߵʯ㣬һʮ׸ߵġ
°ִͣͽרҵĹʦСǰС糡Ĺۿ𣿲֪ЩʱûһʯϺˮࡣеĻһ͹
̩ŸԼ޷ĹĲǳãùЩòϣñܾòһȡ
˹̲סΪ˾ĬΪЩӵȷһ㣬ǿ»סˡ
ͬؼҵһ̤ȥ·˹ҪȻȥһˣ㱨·ϵڸۿڡ
֮ǰۿ޽һĽ˺һȥѰʺ޽ĵַ
ôߵĽںߣԺҪԺ磬ѡһ̵ʯ㽨ſԡʦϸѰõ̵ĵط
ִ޸߲¥ҪػҪϸֽĴػҪ鷳ҪʯĶʯͷΪʯӺˮĽ
ȳص֧ѾˣǲŻ޽
ںܶطű׶Ҳ޷ȷǷҲ㣬ѡеĵط֮ҪٲһΡʦֺ˵
Խʵڲ˽⣬ʱĽϺִһˮ࣬ǿҲԶԶִˮࡣ
רҵģľͿԡպÿǻĲϾ͸ˡ
ʦϵı滺һ㣬ĽϲľˣӲָ
߷һЩɵ
޵ҪȿשھͿԿʼˡ
שࡣשһ֪˵ǵשҪճɳɹߣɺƣ̺
˰˵שʵ˺üɳȣһɺҤơ
Ǵשѡǿȸõļ֣Ȼеڶεơ
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Ĳֻ˹ɳķӡ
ɳķôˣ֣źȿͷܳʲô
ɳķӵĸۿڣ޽˹һ䣬ɳˣɳķܾģ
ȥĶ
ȡ
Gһʣû뵽𰸡
Ȳɳʹ𣿡ȥԼңǲе֣
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˵ˣһְһӣֶҪץֶҪӲ
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δ˳֮ΪԴ󺣵η壬ɳķη壬ǻһϴ¡˹Ҳûа취
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ѷϣݻع~λѧӺúüͣõ״̬еһشչᣡ

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̩ĺΪ˺ɧţ̶ӸˡȻ˹ȴûб٣ֻҡһˡ
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ҪϼĲǼֱһܡ
ǮͬļǮ˸õʺ;˫ܣƶͨƷøǮǶһֱڱá
ΪӸۿھʳ࣬괺·˺ֲܶμصֲտ˺͸ۿڳе˿ԼҵȥȡӡԼصı߽յЩӣܶ඼Ѿѿ
Ϻܶúζȫµ⿷ܳԵʳһ±ˡ
죬ȫɣһҹһӵͶȥ˺ҹеĺ棬̴ˡ
ԺҲŨҹĻˡ
Ȼֻǿŵ˵ûǿزҹһٻɫȷʵúʧİϣ
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Щɲ˸ɣҲ̲˸ջ˵Ҫһײˣ붬ǰǻջһԳԵ߲ˡ
Ц˵ӵס꣬ۿ˼ҵĲϵķ˶ʮ첻ˡ
ڳϺһĪǿ
Եȫͣͻأĵ׼Ҳÿôݳ޵ʹ͡ӣ۲͹Ǿ͵ûؿˡ
ˣҲŪˣɳķӵδ֢״Ҳ˷ˣûʲôµˡ
С۲˲ر࣬ҲʲôģһȺ˾ۼһһٺһ١
˹ɳķӵˣ١Ҳˡһ͵ʽʳϣпյӺͱӣмпյӣϡ
һ̵ϺзԺԵôʵĺʿɾͲˡ
˹ϲһˣ͡״סֵζۡţҶƬţ⡢ѼơѼӡƤƹܲˡը֥顣
ʹÿӼ͵ĶƤ״ζͷֱ˿

ѼӶǽĸϺѼǰɱһͶ˺ܶѼƷɳķѾɹһѼһѼ׼ؼ̩򸾺ɳƷһ¡
ࣨˣѼӡɳķ˵һź档ǰһͷʹ̰ɫ֭Сĺ濾¹˹ðݡ
ӵ£ҸսըõСӡҪϲÿѽհϣһֻϣգ۾Է·
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ġ
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СӵͭýóģֻԼ˭֪һ¾пƹ˶ݺĴ˸һͭӡСΪۺͣúܹ󣬵ɹӦ
֮رãǰⶫʽģ˶ռλö
ЩԭȲܴĺʣ۸ǵĻкϲˡ
˵ȱĴӲ߿ʼչɹɵĺ֮󺣴ļ۸Ϳʼǣͺһ۸
ϲ˼۸ǣΪϲ˵ĳ֣ĨϵζϿɱƬ˺ƬСϣʳķζ
ѾһʽӵһۿÿҪܶССϺ¶ûʲôҲû˳ԵϺзһ¶úܺãЩʲôʳĵض߲ˡ
ӵһߣҲûвʳˡΪЩʳۿڵ˶˺Щ˰㡣Ҷ᲻ӵ£
˵꣬һڰʣµĿ㶼ˡ
óԡ
лҪ˵ƪ
Ҫ~
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ǷϰʮʱŹ̩չ򣬵ǲֵ̫ĳΪһʼʰ԰Ի쾵ۡδ̩Σʲôʱһͳܵÿˡ
һֱڵ趨ɾɾĸġȻޣϣʼգôиĶ~


151 151 

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̫飬˭ҲðͷԹԴ
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ǳ˸ۿڳһ·, мĵطɻкһЩ·, Ĺٽ˳ŮľҵͷҲڿչҽƾη񣬵Ǵׯı仯ر
ͷͨ㣬ٶȺ, ̩ƶ಻ȱС̩ĴׯƫƧũΪҪ˵ﲻһǾЩ˵΢е, ҲЦ
ȥһׯͻʵʳջճۡ
ϲʣԱȽƶˡ
˵ʳʱ󲿷˶ܸˣǼ, յ˰Ҳ٣״֣ԣ㹻һ˳ԱġṩţͶ˺ܶࡣ
껹˵ҲӴӡǺϲ˵ܺóԡɳҲܺóԡ
ϲĻǴĹʯĥֻҪһ㶹ӾˣܺóԣûݵĳҲܺá
⼸Σһ˵˲ֱ˵ͻɳˡǴһЩ׾Ửĺòѩ׵ΣֻǼ۸ߣҽԵξˡ
Ҳ֪ӦøпЩС̰̫Ӧøпûӡ
ɱ۵޲Σ߱·ߣڵײ׬Ǯ
߹ü
ׯࡣ
ũֵѾ˺ܶµּ֣߲˰գܳԱˡ
һЩõĹߣţԯϡ¿ʯĥϡֳҲˣ۸ߣǹʩ˶ˣߵ˻ϡء
޲µΣǸһ֪
˰ǹ᳹ȫˣ̩ٵͷӲҳЧʡûжũҲѾԳԱӣģҪռչͨ
ӣЩԺɶΡЦ
ɳķֻǵͷһȥһׯ֪ͨȥĳйκͲЩС̷ȻκͲôʵ̰
ˡǹΡĻɳķٴ룬Ѿ˺ص뷨Ҫ˵
ǹͷãǲŵϲܣһ˵Ϊ˹Һã˵ȥʱԼҲȥĿȾɳķҲǺϸļ̳ˡ
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⹩ҲԸʱϢô˲Ҳ֪Ĵ¡
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ӵ¡Ǵ˵¹͵İɫӥ𣿹Ȼ񿡡ɫʨأ
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ӥʨӣͷİʨʨſҡҡλεСࡣ
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ܸ߳аˣⶼһˣһ̸£
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˵ĻǵǰǸƽ̨ǶٸʮˣȻǡ
ĸһΡɳķӳĸ鱼ܹȻû꣬ĸѾԽһδӡ
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ô˵һҪ˵һ㣬ͷͭϣ
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磬˸磬ѾǵΪԺˣ
ĵһǻƬõţһߣṩķġ
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⣬ϰһ̣͵մһ£һʡۡͣǡôĽζǻһҸоð˳
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͵ĺ˵ûбǸܱԼϲĶˡ
ڹһֱϲŻرԺҪ͹˵Ƶŷɴ¡̫࣬¶ˣҺҲ
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˵һھʹºȣɳ̫ǺǶ
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ȵľô֪̩Ľʽ˰ʡ
ΪɳǴλʱͿʼڲ̩˰Ҵһ󲿷Ըߵƽȥ̩ġϿķҲܲס˵죬¾ϲ˲⣬²Ҳ͵͵ۡһɳȣǻؼһŴ󿪣
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ΪȨ󲻵ģȵľŵô졣
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ԸⰡΪʲôԸ⣿Цƿ˴ţĵƻӳ
һ
лҪ˵СΪ£ȫһӵʱ䡣


152 152 

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·ð, ð꣬һ£ԼȨ󡢰䲼̩ɵȵȣһʱ䡣
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Ѿȫʵʩ̩Ľʽ˰˰µ, һ£ȵƽ񳹵׵ͷɳ
˭ǳԱ˭ǵ˭ҷɳ˭ǵĵˣ
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⣬ɳֲ޻ȵķ֯ǲļ˾ȥѧϰҽ
̩ƽҲʼȡؿʼģ̺֮ͨǰ̩仧ԭ, С̽ˣ˳㽲һЩ¡
߼涼£ҾڽӴڡ
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Ϊһս̫˳̩ӼûжµӢۼսŮǰĿյϣֻһٸ֡¶ֻǷһö
ֵһǣһֻа˲ΪսԭȥȴʮˡϾְ̰ۡȨΥָ͡ӵȵȡһΪǿ/ʵ
ΪǺܳǿŮû뵽һ֮ĴŴˣǿŮŮ
ǿУǿУŮǿŮԱϡ
Ȼ⣬һ⣬Щ˶ˡ
Ϊ˱ʿսѵսʱ򣬾ԲκΪԸĶУǿȵĸҪɱһӰ١̩ӵĹأŮ֮ǰˣʿһ͵֪¡
ţܾĶе΢
ΣȳΪ̩ѾǼȶʵ
Ҳһ꣬ȫ̩ڶҾ糡͵ڶְҵѧԺƳǣҾ糡͵ְҵѧԺڴǡƳǵĹˮʩ͵·Ѿ޽ϣóһ˰ս˾糡ڶҼѧԺжȫͶ뵽ǵľ糡ѧУȥ
ˣҲøϡ
Ƴǵľ糡ȿСһЩשġשĳִ󻺽˴Ҷʯϵ󡣳˱ȽϺΰĽûиֻֽʹôʯͷ󲿷СͽשˮȽϷѡǴʯʯɳˮࡣ
һˮķһճճˮܺãҲΪõһֻţЯѫʯĹȨ
שǱֿ˺ܶשש˺ܶԵĹ⡣
ȥﹺשͷˮ࣬޽Լķӡשзֺģשˮ಻Ҫ⸶Ǯ˵ƳǾá
Ƴǵľ糡ŷֳһƳǡƳǵѧУҲܶ๤ƳǽڿΡ
ľ˾˰ݶ˹ȫȨڶѧԺĽ֮һϵе¡۲һ֮ȥһԡ
ææµµһֹȥˣϵĺǰҸ磬ڿҶýвˡӣȥ໥׷ϷĺӣпԼһꡣ
˹̿Ķ˻Ằ򲮲

ҲǶʮͷӣȻʮ̩ѾСˣǿ˫һɾּᶨ۾˭˵ˣ
¹ʮʮ꣬ʻԶϡ
Ϊƹһһ£ѾڼҴС¡ÿ쿪ᣬҪΪĴѡʵƹһжΪµ˾꿪ʼ޵ˮ·
˹ڼ̫ģһߡ
ܶ࣬Ҳһһȥǰ˵ҪԼ̫ۡ˵ҵʱôԼϾͲˣ
Щ˼еԼ̫ˡ
һӣĺϢ·߹һķ򸾣Ǻܵ͵ʿͷ֯Ůϡ࿴ۣȴΪǸое졣
ɯʿӣһ°࣬ʲô
šһ߲˺Ϳ⣬Ϳһ㽴ɯ˵
ʿεҡҡͷȻǵ
ǵȻҼдҸʳ
Цſ߹Ѿķ֯˭ˣѾһĴˣҿòá
˹ס֣еȴů͡
ӸۿڹĴˣܶȥǶۿزҪȥһ𣿡
Ϊʲôɳķӵĸۿزרҵһӡ
չĺɳķӵѼѼ¶ǹɸۿزרҪ֡
ֶϲ˺ϲûȤһŶȣϻһ˺ʹԶԸۿزר꣬˰᲻һ˶ϲѼѼͽϡ
ϲˡϺס˵ĲƷҲܺãʣζ
ɳķӵ˵Ҫ֪ͨׯľ񣬿ȥ
ﹺƽƽ񲼣Ȼ¡
ǺܶȽϱĴׯ֪£Ǹտʼÿ¶ҪһθĳУһЩκͱ˵Ʒ˳˽һϢ
ũ幩翪ʼֻ֣ҪССһשӣΡֲ͡͡޲ߡ롢ӡȻʣȫͳһۼۣÿͳһһʣֱӴӳзũ塣
˹磬ÿϸׯһμУҿóĲõĶȥϻȡԼҪġ
ͼеĳִ󷽱ũˣҲƵЩС̷òѰҸණҽͼ۸񡣽һȴ֣Ȼͣö࣬׬ǮˡһЩС̷Ϳʼڳк䣬׬һȷѡ
̩ľЩСһСׯǼ˹ĶУܶطʹΡ͵ʲϢ
ʵǺ£ֽһ˵Ĺ⡣ΪͷեͷֵйŮ࣬׶԰ҲҪޡϵĹŮ첻ˣڿѧУһšʦĿγ̡
һֱĲܹʣ⣬ŻعԼ졣
趼ûأĲܹʣ
ۿزĵΧˣյʱȫԴʱ
ȺܶͥĹܼңǵ·ú̲˸һͰͣһֻԼñһַŹ̨ѱĵһһ
ɳķӹϵõĿԤϵһĹûɹܼš
ǰҲиۿڹĺƷǿ˲ЩģĶЩģĺƷһȷʳ÷ʽһڿҡ
һĺҪݷСͬ󣬿԰ʮŨ֭
ݷκ͵ζƷܹؼúþͻܺóԡ
з̳һܼҴԼҪĶ
̳ôô˲ˣΪҲҪ̳зǰ˺ô죿
̨ǰСðˣҪ˺̳ܶзС
зʵз˸ϴɾȻ̳뱥ŨˮҾƣֽϣԱּ¡
˵зóܳԣֻǵöһ㽪ĩ档
Ƶзζ;㣬ϸˬζǺͺ֮һϲ˺ϲϲһ¡
ۿزרſڵʵ̫ˣһȥ˸Լҽӣں̨ڰװͻƶ̳ӡ
ˣɳķӻڸۿڿһ䡮زרꡯźزִſزȥһһܸɳķ׬̷Ǯ
͵ۿȥĶǶƷ࣬ţƷЩǳԵģ⻹ɳȾɫĲɫƼٻ鲼żԡƷͻױƷ
Щ˸ۿ֮ܿͻֻ꣬һǸۿھߣһߵġ
Щ޹ġЩҪ࣬Ǿ͵õһ˸ˣҵֵùݶ˺ü䡣
Ҫ˵׬ǮˣȻǹ£ĺźҸڶʮһıֱȥĸۿ̩زȻ̩Ҫĸʡ
Ǯ̩˴ľͷ˺ܶսѾڻľͷһҳ󴬡
Ӵ˵̩Ѿˣ̩̱ʮ˳ûĸ̩ӳͻ
̩ߵ·
ߺߵĺֻǸһ㣬Զɵ£һȦƻ
زļ۸༫תһȦõ󶼿ȫһεëƽ
ɶ磬ϴԡƷƷͻױƷغʮңȻֱӻɸϡʯֲؽ
Ѿֲ̩ϣжʮࡣ̩ƷǻҪĵһ¾ƾ;ͣȻǮˮ
Ͱ͵ľҲ̩£귱ܳһҲֲΧ
󴬳úܶ˶̩ҵϵǱԽԽ˽һ̩ͨۿڵĴǿٰƷͳȥ
󿴹꿪ʼƻ޽ĴͣǸС·߿̶չ˵·ĳкʹׯ
³ͷ·ĳиԳǮ׼ʮʱһﵽۿڵˮ·
Ŀ࣬ǮôǿѽȻùŴԷؼһ׼ˮ·
ԡ
Խôʱ򱻹Ŵ˱ȥ
Ȼһ·δ̩ĻƽΪʲôֱΪıȡ棿
磬һһز׼ƶ
лҪ˵ƣҪ븻
Ҫ븻·
ׯУ

153 153 

̩ĻʺֲʲôʺϷ, ʺֲ, ʺֲֲʺֲֲʺֲϡܹϡѡЩ̩ڡ
϶ԭϣ֪, ԭϽнףõֻ͡ӹĲƷԴ󻯵档
, ѿԼӹѾƣëɻɫë̺ţƤѥӺɸ־ͺˮ

ȫͭ, ֻҪ𽺡𽺾ˣе, ˮ͹ͷҲеģЬ׺ͳȦеġ
Ǳ̩˵ܸһ, ׬ǮҲһ㡣
СµļƻԼҪɹҪͿʼֲЩֲ, ʼ׼Ȼ·мٸׯҪȥÿׯ죬ȷʺֲƷ֣ɰ˰궼á
Լȱ, ޲üУѧһҹɲţΪֵ
˹ΪܵĽǣŻɢ
ѿＸطתһȦоԼƽ˺ܶࡣҪһںⶼĵȴʲôҪһһڳԣ·Ҫһһߣ̩ҪƽȵĹɺ͸ĸ
̩ĴƹȣֲĹҶãһֺѺõľҪǣӦ̩ءңҪܶȻͣũֳȺ󣬻Գ۸Լš
ʱҵֻΪһָҲҪռõĸأȿֲɽϣԼũԼҵǰԺΪһ־ڡҴڻǮʱʱһϢ²࣬Ҳһջϲá
ڵĿܶ˼ǰµӣʼӡǰĹӲ࣬ЩǿӣҾƻӣ
ҽԼԣҲһͥ롣
Щֻ˼֣ܴܶˡ
Լļƻ˹ΪƻҪֲ֣Ҫġ
ڿ磬֮ǰֲĿ־кܶ࣬㹻︽Ӷϡ
⵹ɣҲڼƻƹ魵ֲʺֲ魣ͶҪϷҹ魵ũԺչֲ魡˹һ˵һЦҶ׬ǮһʦĶˡ
Ǿ͸öһЩҩˡڱҪķ̩ҩͲҩҽҩǸ裬תһ֣屶
ǹ涨ˣڵҩóһҩƷʮ֮һ𣿡
ûֲĶˣԳڵķݶͶô
ΪҽҩϵͳصƶߣƣҽҩжĲŻѡڡΪǮ˹ڲǾԲġ
ƽ񰴲ͰԼСӣһиı·Ϣֵġ
󣬴ӿﵽۿڵˮ·ʼ޽ܶûйûصũļ·档
·Ҫʯӣþ޴ʯͷѹƽ֮һʯӣٽһˮʯӡɳĽƽȴɡ
ܶ˿·˰ˮ࣬ǲºԼʲôܴϵ࡭Ժ·ôЬˣ
ĿȺ魿ʼַһЩӣŻڣһҼȥ
˼ҵӣøׯľۺ˺þã˵ӵºЩ磬ҵ֮չȻ魣ҶܸˡЩԺ󶼻Ϊͥأֻм
ӣƷԻȡһݵˡ
Ĵռ󣬴ٸ˵׼񶼽ĵ˹ռ룬˹Ϊʽּ롣
˹ûʲô仯ûбæҲûбࡣ
ֻһ綨µľڶ£˾̵֡棬㹻ҳ˹͵λٸֻȷյӶѡ
û취ˣҪˣŹÿ˼һ⡣װԽ
ڽƸûչҲǲţ⣬ⲻǻ˳һôԺƹֳˡ
˹һ㶣̶뵽ɳķ˵Ļ˹飬ȫһһ⡢һ鲼һƿ͡Լˣһ˹Ϊ٣͹
ˣǲˣмʮֻҵũ˹̲סͷ
ףͺ˵θͻӦģϣףվǰѹַ˹
ͷƤĿ֣ҵ
ǵµģΪȻҲǵµġ
ԼĽŲԴ˼ĻԼ໹æҪڵݳƷİװҽ֮ϸΪʿŮʿֻװĻװ磬ΪһƷдһ£档
Ϊ˸õЩ۵ݳƷԼơ
ЩױƷƷഺ찮ĶȵȷϵһЩƷ߿ԵõͰ顣
ʵϣЩȷʵ԰ӻ˥Ϻͱܻܲð͡
ʵ˻ðĻǰɣ
˹ȥһ
˺ҹŮ
ĸֵ˵ҵҪɹһˣͺ˵һ
ɯӲӵĸҪȢʱ޶Ĵϱÿɡ˵Ҫ飬Ҳ˵ԡСȢŵԵСϱԡ
һΡ
˵ʲôɯűӵֽڰգ˵һ飿
ĸ״ˣϲӵ£һռ롮Լϣĸ״һܹ
ɯоһϢǰڣҪȥ
˹˵ֻ˵Ѿǡ󡯵״̬ǡʵ״̬СӾǹ֪һġ
ȣ㻹ûιɣպãǵļ˾ȥɣôͣʮֻǲġɯЦѶӶԡ
𵱳ְѵӵ͵˹ɯԼҪܺˣӣ
úñͽ̵ӣôģ
ΨһˣŮȰСԼڸУñ꼰㡣
˹һ΢ЦĸףҺϣõף
ɯĻƽȨȣߵ˹ǰĻӵģ
Ұ뿴°ˡ˹˵
Уˣ˹Ļ쵰ҹҹӵ£ԽԽɰһ̲סΪǿˡӵ³¶˹ɲ͡
ɯĬƬ̣̲סһ˹ϣʲôʱͬģ
˹˵һʱ䣬Ѿꡣ
꣬㹻ͨ˳ֺüˡôõʱ˶ûɢŵ棬ɯҲ֪ӦôǺáܾԼӣڡһ˹ĸףҲϣ˹Ҹ
һϯɯȨȣԺһϸ㣬㷸˴
ллĸףԶԲ£ġ
˹߳ҹŮŲһ£ĸرݣǿһˡһαôᣬСİһײʱ
ȥ
Ѿʦĸ׵Ͽɣѵһعȥʣ»й͵һԼ١˹˶׼
Ӧõ˵ףɡ
Ӵ쵽죬Ͷȥ̩һˮ๫·ʼͨˡ
·Σ׿ˮ·м׵ƽ·๩ߣмţͨС
Ϊˮ·̫Ѻã̩ҪţյȶΪҪԱôһƽ·
ſڵˮ·߰˸ׯʹƬĻԭһСĴׯɫˮ·ԭߵĵطֻҪһ̵ʱ䣬ͳеľһˡ
˵Ҳȥ￴ء
̩͸ۿ̶֮Ӽѡˮ·⵹˸Ĵܶ׬ǮĻᡪ·̯߰ʳ﹩Ϣ
ڸõ꣬õ굱Ȼǵ·ԵĹٷվҪļ۸񲻸ߣȫȴܸߡ
һЩ۵ϱɵվǰ·Ѳӣվдס޵Ŀˡ滹䱸ӡˣͬʱվҲдżãʹŴ
ʼܶ˾ۼμӿһһʢ硣Ϊ껹ٴеһ꣬߷ǳӣŴپۼ
ֵǣܶԼҳԱҲˣĮڹμӼ롣ⶼǵ
̩ǻʱûֵܽúֵܽá
֣ſӭס
Į뿪Ѿʮ꣬ٿС󣬳ϲŭֵĵطȴѾȫʶˡ
̩˴ǳص˵ϵĽܿǵڶеĮȴԶԶں棬ޱ仯ǰΪԱűɷǲ֪ƺĳ˷ˡ
֣ôͻȻճһΧתȦȦ
ĮԼԲĹĵĶӣʲôұŮϻؼҡ
ǾɫͿյ鸡ȴţҪҳԱ֪Ϊʲô¡˵׬ˣܲΪ鷳ɣ
лҪ˵С裬Ұӣ
ɯˣԼȥɡ


154 154 

һ, ر, ر࣬Ҳرࡣ
˺ܶˡ˸оһ㣬ǲΪʲôΪҪ
ֱϵԱ, ҴǼֵܽãȫڿŴ, һںҲڿԱһЩҲʹ߹ͺҲûʲô£֪Щͺʲô
һӴ򵽾ŸˣȨ, Ŀ
̫ŵҲо˲ԣٽԭô鰡
˹ͷںɫ۵ֽд֪ô¡λùϵ, ȨۼԭҪͼ˾ǩԼĹϵ
ĴڣĻôܾôȥͬˣȴ˵˲Ļ, ֮ǺҳԱͿʼ½ǡ
ڱʹߣΪ̩׳º¡
ͨ˼Ǿº£ΧĹڿ̩͸ڵʨһ, 𿴶һƬԭϵĶ˼ʳˣԼȴʳеͲ㣬ɲʶһϹ
ֻЩʹ̩ǶôСľ֪, Ǻ̩ǡ
ɫôһͭӡմ˵ī뺯һӡ˹֡
رƵīɫ󣬴һ滺
Լ뺯öĴ£ͻȻըһֲ緢뺯֪һΪ˱ʾӣҪļˣǻ뺯
ͷ컨̾Ұˣٸºɯ᲻Ұ
ﲻǳְԧľȻٺɯܺã
˹Ͼ׵׶ӡ
˹űӣѾѸߵ·߹һ飬뺯ʱͲԼһΪѡ
飬˹һȥ̫
·˹˵ٸˣҪ˵䣬ǧţٸ¿˻Ұ˵䣬һô꣬Ӳˣ
ⶼǿ˵㵵֮ľ̸֮
˹˵ʲôֻʵذο󣺡ʦˣҪԶԶ߹ҡ
ֻ˹ǰοֱ٣ҹͳٸ£ʮպ˹»Լǰֺ͹񡣡
˵֮ĬĬӭӿ籩׼
ȻһֱϲһιߴٵĵӣٶٻǻЩ
£Ҷ֪ˣ˹˶ĻǡԲ𣬶ҵĴʶ˲ߡ
뺯ֶ̲סȨ˹һ£Լõ³棿һ㵣ûУ
һ£ⷢչôеĲһ
ӻлع˹ѾĬ˺Щ£æŴ٣лл֧֣ã˹ܺãǴٽ̵úáҪлл̵˹õ¡
˵ʱҸζ۾Цݣǿֵġ
ٿѾһص˵ǰһμӣ¶Ҳ裬Ǹո߳ŵС¹ΪԼˣʵ۵úܡ
ڵѾΪԼľۿ󣬴ɳˣȨƺͽǮֻҪ
üˡ
ִֻһҲд󺣡
󣬴ӵ²Ǳչյģá̲ס˹һ£Ȼ󣺡£һҪҸ
ˣԸ֮أΪ˱Ϊ࣬ΪȴܲжһС
ҲΪʲô˹ȴǾ׼δĻʽԭΪӵʽӦõõĴ
뺯еĸ鷳һҲûС
ֱײ˹Цеģ˵ɣǲȱˣǵԼһ˿ˣ
ֻȲ˷ϲá˹΢Ц˵̫Ҹˣͻ̲סչʾ
ϲ£һõľ
ûʻؼңֱתҹŮɯ뺯
ɯ뺯һ̾Ϣ϶֪ӳ˲֪ʱҴҡоһμ£»ǸӣҲΪԼѡȡԼˡǰοֵǵµĽ˹ҵĺӣ֪渺żȴҲ˲ˣϲǵϲҾͲ˵ʲôˡ
˹˹ֻǵͷ·ȫԼ
ɯŮһֱֻ۳С㣬ͱˣ£뺯ұˡֻ㣬˶㲻ã㲻ˣȥҧǸˡ
˹
ֻ㣬С۾ԲģףʵҲ
֮ȥò͵ʱ䣬һһͣһĻɳķӡ
ʵǰ¾ͿʼɳķӳΪ̩žܺãҲѾʮˣ
ѾڡˡһʱҵĽȸУᶢɳķӣҲƴҪԼҵ
·Ҫʮ꣬Ҳڣͼȥ·ɣ̩ܳȥĲֻƷʿǣҪܼҿ̩ܿδͳһأҲĺӺ㺢ӵĺӿܿ
̩ɳķȥ·Ҳȥˡ
һĻɫ·ӽ¿ʼһԶӣľͷ̩˿Եδ
̩˾ͺ·һҪ̵ƷζĹʵ̩Ѿʶˣͳһϱһ޷ɵҵ
ôͼǻһǧžҪȥչͻۡ
һʹ£һҰĲѾ׷ľ˵
ĴѾΪ˺ܶ·̣ȻҪһ꼸˲·ʮҲѡ
̩ں޲ð֪ȫ䵽ɳķӵԴڽ̵ɳķδڵҵ飬ԼԳϻ
ʱʵո˵ӡ
ʮʱ䣬㹻ǿΪˣԭеߵĲ˽٣¸Ϊ˵ǧǧƽΪǲеģƣΪӣȴ̩ˡ
ҪԼʦҪģ㱣ˡĿԶԿδΪָ̩򡣡غɳķ˵
㲻ҵˣһжΪԼΪ˶˵档ԭе棬ǿ·ΪѰ෽õȥԴӣҲõĻر㡣
֮
ˣ뺯˵˹¡
̩֪£⣬ɳķȴˡ
ɳķŵؿװı֣û뵽˵Լǲ˹Ȼɳ£
ò飬ӣܶˣɳķһʼҲϲ𣿿Ϊӵݣ˵άܶҲһ룬֡
û뵽û뵽˹Ũü۵ľȻҲģ
ؼǣˣɹˣ
˹Ц΢ЦӦɳķӵɡ
Ժֻ಻٣ɳķӻֻ˹ԵǱ˻øӿ̵۹̣ɳķ̶ֳȶ˹
һǶ룬ϴôΪǿı˹õһм޺ɣʶǶĽ
ø򵥣Ҫҹҹദÿ춼ԡϸ꣬ͻȻ˺ܶྫʣŲϲ
̲סǸֱ
˹ϲӲȻģ⺢ӴСޣϲ˵ȻҲõġΪʲôͬ˹ȻΪ˹ý㹻ϸ»չ˰ö˶˵Ϊʲôϲ
ӷģһһĵ񡣡ļ򣬡ǲǻ÷ҶˣҪãʱС
лл£ʵ׼һЩ޲ء
͹Խ˵ԽԶɳķӿűֵǱģȻӳǮġ
˹Ǻ˴˱˴ˣ
лҪ˵ɳķӣ
˹㲻ǳԺܾ

155 155 

׽, 뺯ȥ, Զһģ뺯
ڣȨ֪֮ӵ±ժˡСĸȽϺõ˵Ự˹һĽʺޡЩԭ뷨, ֻǲ֣׼ֱ˹ס, ֱ޷Լŭ
ǻ˵ôҴӵ£Լأ
Ժܶ˵ⲻһ뺯, һŵսܶһʱԽܣϲ˹, Ҳϲģϲߵĸ࣬Ůޡ
ΪһİĽߣҶĬѩ嶥ϵһĨ, ·ҡҷĻƮƣȻи
̫̼, ԼĬĬ񣬾Ȼһ۵˲ˣ
֮£Ҷ˹㡣
Щӣ˵Ůر, Ϳһֱʮ굽ʮ꣬һǴضʹʧģ
⻹ֻ֪ĿȨԺ֪˸ˣ˹ĳ޻Ҫ
֪ÿһĻﶼһɳӣѾɳĮûˡһ˵һ߼һƬտõţ⣬ڷ״պմմͷŽ
ۣµƵպϣƿ̺;ķţƬֱĴ
˹ѾۼıԺ̿ţ⡣̴һƴƣ̿ҪʱţȡĻͷ滯ټһƬǡţƬȥ
ϲţ⣬ϻ÷֬·۵⡣
̵ıѾϴĸֹϹ߲ˣ߲˵֥齴ͱĽϣպý塣
ô
ʡ
ȥׯȵҪ˸ԶĴׯҪֵĸٺӵķΧ˹Ц˵֪ҪóЩ
ۣϽһţƽ飺㻹Ǳˣҵ㱻˴ʵ̫гޡ
ɳķǶͻȻ̧ͷǻ֪ɣԼﶼǵ׼׼ÿһ˼Ҷһ⡢һ鲼һƿ͡
ʲô»Ǯôʡ
֪ӵͷ׬ǮĲҵܶ࣬ҳҲø󣬵ӵ»ǮĵطҲࡣ¹˵ĸһֱܸߣһ֧Ƴǵľ糡ѧУǵľ糡ѧУֿʼޣһֱǵǮ׶԰ܵӵǮá
ʵʼ׬ǮûȱǮ˵󳬺Ķࡣ֮ļƻǣˮߵĴׯֲԭ϶ˣڵƷҲͶˡûƹֹƷͷֵֹǮƷϡԺͿƼֵǮ
ͬʱڸд켼ѧԺײ˽ĿռѧУĵѾǮΪʦĽ˲ܹΪʦĽˣҪﵽˮƽҪ츳Ŭ
涼˽ڽеҵһں͹ϻкĿͳһͳһ׼ͳһʱ仮֡ͳһ񻰴˵ͳһٷԺ֡
ͭо׼ߣǲĻǲ̵ġ
¼ʱ¡ꡯͼڵʱ׼ϸֵ̡
ԺæµЩ״̬Ȩ޶ԺҪʹõĹٷ֡Ϊֱ˵ֽĳ֣Ш־Ͳ̫ˣҪ֣д
λǿ촫˵ǧԺ˻ѧϰǵ֣ʹƶ׼Ĺߣƶʱ¼¡
Ļһ´ǵģϹŰ˶̲סȥӵȨƺڶƸϵͿʼС
˭ϣԼǧѾԼҪݵĴٶ£Ѿײ£ͷ޶С
˹ͦѺõģȥ㱨ʱ򲻻ӲǱӣ۾۾ˡֱ˹
˵صûǮ⣬׼ȷ˵ǻص˹ӵӵĽﶼӳ⡣
ҡͷ̾Ϣһᱻ˴ġ
̩ûҪɷͻͣǻĬһθͶһͣԴ󲿷ʱзѪΪʾŮأзȢ顣ȻʱҲŮѪ
ĻһͶȽ϶࣬ڴһͻᡭƽܱӵϲǶôҵ飿ȻõףѾô죿
˹ЦᣬҪǸӵģҲܺһ
¹ô²ۣ˹һ㲻飬ǰũׯʮֻ͵ũ
˰һιţӾɱ
Ѿӷ֯ʵ޲˽ǲóһСĲ飬ǱɫĴСһװһ»㡣
ڽͣһ׼˵ģƿӷ˵¡
ҾȻʱ飿ԼġƸ񡯣пǧ
ǻţôʱҲµģע¶һҪ̫죬Ҫˡ
ȷԼǷܳΪܺõĽ󣬺ۡϱ˻ǡϱҡʮͨϸһ룬ڡ
ܿ쵽һ죬ʢװϵһξһվ档
Ե˳˫֣Ͷʻʹϣ΢Цʾ⡣һοΧۼǰδеĶ࣬Ⱥܶ˵ס
ƷӵɳķһҵӹҳԱȨٵȴߵѾʱһûд
ǴŽŵʣһַֻڽɫķϡ˫һӵ°ڣ̨ס
ĵѾһףοյĻ͵ʯƣ޹򡣰˾ͣȼָ֮࣬˵
̧ͷȺ˹
˹ȫµһ׼˾ߴֲĵļ˾һϡ
˹Ҳıһˡ
͵һμ룬Ϊʽּ롣ٵĽûôʽһμ˳ô˹Ǵˡ
ϵ̨ϣ˹ûƽȨÿšµȨȣȨȵĶǷӥץһöƵĺ飬ͺץһöС̫
ſ󣬹͵һЯ
󼸺ÿμμ룬ԼָƣԴٵĹҲһ
ʵֻǼһͱףʣǺȥʱ򣬻һָⲻͬա
ΪְԱ˹ĴڣһȽʵҲȽʵˣԾͬĶоȻͬ

Լ̩ĳɼǼҪݣҫˮ·ûʲôĻһ˳
ֻǼϣ뿪ʱ˹֤ʮպ»Լ¡
ڳ˶Ѿյ뺯ʱϻãȻһ¡
ԼǱȽټģһξȻǴٺӣˣ
ȻоôҲһ˾ܾ֤ӵĻԼʽôȱϯ
ʼļƷţѼʳвϺ͡ӺùˣڼҲʼ󷽡
պ͵ǼǼƷɮ»߿İգʮպӵ½ʹٸǩԼջף񷢷š
仰Ŀ˴˴˭˭˭
Ǹɮ½˵һ飬ʵõϢҲûкܾãԼҲһѵ״̬ԿȺڻǾְȥӺʹٵĻԼɲ˴
նǽŲ鸡Ʈģһ㡣
ӵ¡Ҫʹٽˣ
ٲǺôһŮеãȻؿͬ顣
ϵĴ٣Ǵٵӣ˹ѽͬ˵
ۿˣϲˣһϣûˣ
侲һ㣬ϲŮˣϣҲܰοԼԱ𲻶ԡͬٴΰο
￴ͬһۣ۵һ޳
Կ⴮ټһܸˡ
ᣬҪ崮
лҪ˵ԽǣΨʳ


156 156 

, ⼸˼
, Ĺӵ·ߣȥҲ𣺡ɣ¾ȻҪˡ֪ҲᰮϷˣҾƴű˴Ҳȥ󰮵ģ
һ浾Ů, ӣĴߵһ룬ͻȻ, ͳһơ
һλ飬󶼲֪ϲԼô࣬һ϶ûôܶһ֮ԵѡǰżҪҪķ˿, ɲ⣬ֻǶе鸴ӡ
ҺֻĬĬһ, Ҳû˳嵽ſ˵Ҿȥ֮ġ
е˵ģֻ̫󣬺ܶû˵ڣҲ롣û뵽һҪ˵޽Լ, ǿܾԼҲһЩϣֻ̫ϣ԰պͺڡ
㱨ı˵², 뱾ѵġʵˣԺϰҲͺˡʧϰ߼ξͺˡ
ϸ룬ԼžѧʱУ, ഺĳšһᡣѹѣʱͷҲˡ
Ͱ·ˣʱᴦһС
Լ֮ǲ֮ʱֻǺú׼ʽأ
ûеģ񣬼ӶûȾͿʼˡ
ȥ˸йƸ
پٷṩŪһƹϵͳʱˮ·ʻһ棬ҲڽɢĲϳһ塣
ڵϴٵ˹Ҳڴظĸ
˸Ĵٶڣ˹ǿһλ飬ھеƶȸĸ⡣
˹ɺ֣ܳڵƶѾе̩ķչܶʱ
β󲻵
ʹһ㣬ȣرϣıƶȡ˹ֱײгһ׶˺δܵµĺƻˡ
ĸԭгĸĺôгܵµĻҲг˿ֻҪԼжϡ
ܾһ
֮ʮͨǾÿȿĸЧ
˹οƳһι˵ƶȣҪְԱһεĻ˺ˡΪȫΧܴ߿ط·ߡ⣬ұˣϼʩϼơ
طṹ˸롢ھ׵˾䱸һҽרְļ˾һɷרְļ˾һ˾ѧͽ
¹涨˾ѧͽʦ֮ȥƫԶ꣬ٴκϸɵطְְطúʦڣϼҡأĲΪ˾Ĺʣھȼô¶ˣŲöΪ̰ۺְ
ȫɸǷʦҲǷǹٷа̼˾Ƿ˾ֱӴɼ
˹翴Ƿʦطǿһļ˾ղְļ˾˳ۺܾˣ¹ѻ𣬲յǿ޵ﲻꡣ
£Ϊʲôܶƶģģ©ꣿΪʲô´ԵжۣûоķԼΪʲôôļ˾ѧͽʱڿҿңһתΪʽ˾Ϳʼиְ
һ仰˹̣衢̰ġ׶񣬰һ˷ڹߵλϣȴκԼͻܿյһ÷ֲջ󣬲ǿȨвʥͣǲṵ̂
ԼԼʱʱ̿ԼԼԼǴ˲ʥͣǾҪԼ
ҪϸϸĹƶȺͳͷʩ
һ˹ĺܶ෽ֻͨĸЩٵ˼ı䶯̫𶯵
٣׺ͬ٣̵ѧıԺסѧϰ˺ü꣬ǵ뷨ֻ˹
ΪоͺϲƶܶƶȣϸĳͷʹʩС˾ǺϰֻǿԽܡ
µƶȺܿͨż͵أﱾ֪ļ˾硣
˾꿼˺ƶȸЩΪ˼˾Ϊǵ˼̼ܵǰߡ
Ȼƶձ׼涼ûǿͶһ䣺˹˵ģ˵ġҼȻȫͨģǱȷ£ңȥúѧϰһ˾
Щ˾ԹʧߵĿ˹õӵˡ
һ컹ǺڵʱۣӴ˺üӣͻȻ𣬰ǽӡ
ƿӣ¹óѬ·
޲ĲʣȾʮֱȵĺɫֺǳºͣԶĻһů·ıĴ壺ɽ¡档
·Ьӣҡҡ÷Ůˮëע⵽Ҳһ£Ĩ֬
ִ򿪣Ѿõ˹߽ÿë󿴵ȴΪʣôˣ
Ϊ˹Ȼ˵
÷˴Ц£ʣ˹ˣĹ˸ǵӰҲ˸
˹߹ϥǰͷֱ£Һܸˡ
ȣƿҪô飬ҵ죬ŪҶˡ
Ϊ³Ϊ³衣
̩ŮŮ츳·ǿڻϲøԼİ顣˹һֱȴǰһͨ׷ߡ
٣߳һˣշתһҹߣ˼ˣμŻ뵽˵գ۾뵽˵촽
У˼Ҫʱţֱ÷һš
£ٲˡ÷ЩΣеΪ¸ˡѾô꣬ɰÿնڣԶһ
˹޽ǣΪһϺβ裬ȻӵĹڡ
ƽĵףǶƶ״İɫǣʯĸ̵ɫʯҶƬȻúɫıʯ꣬м׺ȻĽɫ顣
÷һ׵ΣȫˣϾýǳ硣
һ׵ʮȻͷϵĹѾ̶סǲͷ½ڵ
ŮȲ㣬治֪ʲôĺζҾССһ룬һ㶼
ӣȵ´ʲôС˹һ²³룬һ˳ë촽
ϵ΢΢ͷ˹ͷϸáǵĶôȻʮദһֱˣԼûʲôоֻΧҡͷǿֵ۾жϹ
һ꣬ھ֣·Ϳ׼ˡ
ʯͷС·ɨøɸɾ·رֲϣһظõ廨꣬÷һ
ֱ˲ϳţԺҲ·һҷʻ
ﻹַףǰûаСѯ˹
˹һַֻһֻȨȣЦ˵еģ͵ҲЩϵ
йϵ
дĹ֮ϵĻԼܵףɢ䣬ǵĻ񡣺ұ͸ɻ꣬·Ϊѧ˶ˣͳеĻʽ֮һ
ѹѬµõĸɻرãԭΪ
ЦãȻǴҵףҲֻһ·Ϻͻ꣬һֱƯѾιɴͱɴĻݳİӣߴӢ
ǰ͵ļƷͬΪ˵İʨӥ
ѾȥֻҪȥɡ
ȺѵߣȺܶˣһĨһףǡ
Ŀעһһ졣
һزĵѶ룬سΪ֡һߵΪˣһһĸţƺҲ̫ʣһϻӵΪƷ
֮ĺ壬һֽվһ࣬׼¼˵ԣԿͭϣ˹Ҫ
ټΧȫѣ˹ĸ¹˹ҲӴǸ˹վм䣬ǵǰ̫٣ǰѬ¯Ʈ̡
֮ǰ˹ת
ںܾ֮ǰûȫãǷӦҡ𣿡˹һ£Ըһ𣿡
չһЦϲѾܾ˰
лҪ˵޳~~~


157 157 

Լȷǳ˳, ֻĵЩһ, ˹ĵҳϡػ𾴣ΪӡһԭĳŵӦýǱԼȴ֮һЩ
ҳŵͰϧ˹, 簮ϧҵ۾һ㰮ϧһзҵߣΨһİ¡Ǳ˴ѡ, Ӵ룬ƶ߸У澳˳;
ǹٵıʲһ, һī
Ψһ벻ӵ¾Ȼǰ
ζţ˹Ϊ̷Ҫĵҳ, Ҳӵ˵ĸ˹֮ʲô᲻벻
һ棬ԸҲ, һ㲻⡣ֻһЩעҪΪ˵Ǿ޴ɣ
󣬱ȥԺμᣬһҼҷ͡
ϸĵĸյĿȥùǳԵ, صȹˮȥѪˮֻҪһĩȥȣ֮ôܺóԡҪͬ⣬Ҫһ, һơ
ľЩܶԼļĵԼջˮԼҵȵȡһȦתͳȥһ
º˹أžƱ죬һת۲
ˣҿ¹˹ź͵˵䣬˵Ҫȥס죬˹Ͱѵºˡ˹Сֻǿܹԣͷһһࡣ
̾Ϊʲôһʵ˷ϵأûôҲûϵֻҪһҾֻ˯ҽС˵ôûȡһ³Ϊµأ
ĿͺЩ
˵֪һʵϣ˹Ҳš֪ҲӮõµġȻ鰮ϵȴҲܱ˴򶯵ġžƱ˵
ʮֿЩΪˣͲΪܱܾ߿ûлرӵȷ֮Թ԰һҸж
š֪ҲԡˣͶߣֻҪôԸ⸶ˡ
֣˿Ȩǣ±״̬ǺҳԱǡ
ܶСʹ߲֪£һѵǲûܵ޷
̩צʨӣ̩ӲʹߣЩʹ߲ƴһ졣ЩʹѾżڣùڲһ̩ӽ
˺˵ĻԼʱһ˵ŮˣҪԼѪΪԭҲѡͬǩԼϵ
˹ĹϵҪ⣬ǵλܸߣһ˵̩ľżԣкܶøһЩ米һЩǲӵǲְ취סӣ
Įıۣ̩Сǳ˼ֱĸֳ
̩ϵȵѾʹ
״̬̫ã˵ٺȾƣһֱ˾ƿ⣬κ˸;ơ̩ѾüûԾƣŻᣬߵѾǳĺãҲʼѧϰľͰƣûӼҵѾƵķζ
Įô̩ıȨƴǮƶ࣬ҪǺվһ˭ܲɵ
ʵôˣû־ġ
Ҫ˰ɣȨƺͲƸûʲ
ôȰ²˵ӹġӵļƻǸﵽۿһ·еĴׯϿǮũ룬ͱһʮļƻ
ټӻҪ޽ѧУ;糡һ붼޵׶ӣҲĴɵƵˡ
ôʲôҰģ˶Ǽٵģôϻʲôʵģ
ʮˣʮһϷܲܡ
˹⵹пܣȥͱʦȻ˹ʮ궼϶ŴպĿҲرӿһ˾Ͳ׸ģҲܱҵԡ
һУ˽˹ǲ֪ģĮɻɣװѯԼŮӵסûԼԺǲǸŴپסˣ
ӵ˵ϲҲôķֻΪ˾סԣǶһЩѧУӵºͱһֱסԺҲһֱס
˵ճĮüŪۣ԰ôͻȻסĶȤˣ֣ǲʲôҪӵֲ˼ڣҸܰҺӵ¿ˣһԹ
ĮŮ᣺ӵ³Թö˶˵ģһһŮԷ
֣ʲôأǣҾٲҲûðҵ²ģǱһ˲ȢôƫⰡǲʲôҪӵ£
ĮŮͼȫһڵĿǸֳôڳｨǮ׬ǮͷԣҲйϵҲ׬Ǯ
ŮãĮʲô׬Ǯܰҹ滮滮ô
֣Įȥۿ̫Զˣ·Ҳãɽ·
ǿѧſ·޲ܶжʵˮҲԣˮҪǮ̫ˡ
ڿһʱˣ˽׶֪࣬ΪЩж·޲
ʶÿһȥԭϵǶܳһ˰Ǿסˡ˭ǮడⲻڶŬѧϰƷ˹
֣Į˶࣬Ҫǵ·ˣĺ˶ˣǵǮͶ𣿡
Įʱ˵ˣΪЩ֪ǰˡĻǮ֮һ˰վûˡ
ޣǲޣ
˶ȥˣǲӰ֣ߵʳһʮζԸúƷĵ˵˵
˶ǵһβμӵᣬһʼǳнǺҲſˡЩĮһҪ֪ƵؾҲЩ˻ЩϡͿ֪Լйμӻڡ
ǣһʼΪܣܶʱû׼ǽóǮҵ̶˺񣬲û̫ʧ
ڿĺͶѷڲֿ⣬ܼǼǡ
˵ÿ˶Լ飬ˡλ˹
ͷһѾССʱ򶼻֮һ˹ǾǶ᲻˼˷˹˼ˡ
ϴ軻·˹ԡִССʱû
ƤҪϴ˰ɣ
⿪Լıӣͷɢĵо˸һ£ſˣ˹߽
źһ׵˯£һۡҰɫӣһֻֻ̬ĻɫӣﻹźܲС
֮ĵߣһ֪Ǳز
˹ԱߣȻǺ򶨵ģ֪ţͻȻҲˡ
˺ܶ࣬Щʹûǲǲһ»񣿡ûһ
˹ڶݵĳĬ󣬰òһ㡣
˹
˹Ѿɴ¾ôʾôǲ˵ʲô˹ԽԽĴ
谵ĹӶűֻؿ޹ģӣԼϣȴ˹һӡ
еһ·û§§໥ǰɣͻоܲһһֻëףëȫըˡ
˹£¶ĶͷеҵͺڰʧС
ãһ㣬¶֪ͮͮȵĻǽŵġ˹Ʈһ£ҪҪˣ
˹ˣģֻͨ©һ¹⡣
һƵ¹ڲúҲڱΣ·Ҳˡ
лҪ˵ɫ~


158 158 

ڶ˶, һ, ͱɨصĴ졣
Թԣǵµĺӣ˵徻òѹͰﵽ˺Ժ
¥ķ, ͸ʵɴԿһмλãһ˰šм˲, һֱֻ¶ڱ档֮ϵСİֻӵĸ첲Żȥ
ȴ˯òˣһֻۣ滹ǻ谵ģŰһֻҲʲôʱ򣿡
ء
˵ᰴѹ, ˻һת˸ѵϵĶʰһͷŮǿˡҿɾûˡ
ﴩЦ, ÷˻飬Ӷˡ
˺ҲŮʰ
ţ, һʰºÿɰһ߿һ˵Ҳܿɰ
ˡ
ϤϤһ󣬴˶ڶĽֻײ
Ǵһվ뿪ˡһβμĿǶõһ벻
ϸѡĿӦ̩ʮֲӺ, ̩еƷֺʹԶֲϣǰӴȥһط괺£ҪЩӵȥжʺֲʲô
Ȼͬ⡣
ʺԼڳֲɱȽ, ǰԴԴϴƸȴһԵġĮʮһӺ磬һ춼ˣҪȥˡ
һ̩£ҲȥһЩӡиӣĮҲѽȫиʲôʯ¹
ĮҪŮһȥŮӶˣֻȥɡ
Ҳȥ
ء˵Ҫźų
ĮеԾҲܲģŮˮᣬԺĶÿ˯ѽΣܵˣ
ΪȫԵģôĴôຣĮ̩زԷǳģô̩һ뷽跨ãⲻ˳㱣Ů
ûгŮܲ˺ǿӡ
Įӵʱʹ߳Ǵε;һѾӴ˳״ȥҵͷ
֣µġ׼ȥͷĹҶҪʲôͷĮûСеĻֲһ𣿡ùûʵڸԼҪȥһ˵ʵ뷨
Į˽ԼŮģȷʵҲģһֻ۱һֻۣװԼˣעⰲȫҰɸ㣬ϲҲš
ַģҿ϶θɳŮ٣ӵµѧж
붬ǰǡǺʹ½½ȥҲܲϰѾʵ
ʵû̫仯˹ѾǸ٣ջճӣǰһ
ܾߵ΢֪仯˹Ѿķ䣬ĶҲȥֱ磬Щӵ˯ò̫ãмˡ
ĵһѩ˯ｵ䵽쵽ˡ
ǰĶǺܰģԴԽԽĹڽ⣬ĿҲּ֡·ɫҴҵĶǹˣһźĹ֯ŮŮˮ೧йֽйʵòũ߳ǳ˹ˡ
ͺȻܱȣΪ࣬һҲǼһǳһ
ڴﶼԵ漸ֱ֣Ϳ˹Աһ
ʱְֳҵѧԺѧĺˡΪõҵº󣬺ֱܶͻйԿڵĺܿйȥҪǧľžܳΪˣΪµĻҲȱ˶ࡣ
رģܱΪѧֵµĹ¡
ÿְҵѧԺԶ쳣ң˶֪Ǹıһ˺һͥ˵ݡ
ÿ꿼˵Ķһǳԣһͬӱˡ
ÿҲյһܲĺӣÿӵɫһŵ㡣ƫǿҰݵûôŬҲܲܶơ
ȻǸСŮѾѧݱҵѧܴһɣݵгȥعĶķݶÿһζȷѡ񣬵Ҳһֳɳ϶
Щ˳ѧУĹˣкܶҲʮæµǰѲɼԭ빤ְѲƷͳȥ
ЩõĲƷҪ͵ͬĳУҪ䵽ӣЩϡֲ͡͡빩ССȻ󱻴ߡ
ƷѲͬĳкʹׯ
ôĹм⣬һֽЩֽҪȹӦеź͸ֻ䡣Ҫʶֵͨ˻̫٣ܶҲûá
Ȼˮ೧שҤǰר·жȸҪ·ĳСשҲһˮ·ߵĻվҪõש飬жĲŻṩС
ѧУ;糡Ĵǡ
ѩþĵģһµѩҲֻǸһأࡣ
ѹԼԶһḷ̌
иȭͷСѩˣѾеڻļ
ɰСѩˣΪԶָһ֪˭ģñʯ׹ѩװεģ뷿䣬˹˭
ѹǲ̫ڴſһȵŷ촦©Ųò𴲻·
÷ϴĶֶ֮͹̫ůͣСѩ˱͵棬ʱԳһ㡣
˲˹¸ĵƶȣ˽¼Ѱ£˹Ƚæܸо죬Ҫʧһ˵ġ
ƵöҪǽļ˾ҵ󣬵󲻸£˹Ҳ顣
ũĸṩ
ף͵ǧ򻧣ͬȥĻ⿷Ժסܲͬ󣬿ֲ͡ͺһ⣬ҲƬ߲һֻٻһôнȥȡ
һ֮¾Ϊˣ֪ԸȽ˳ֳռС⻹졣Ƕһ
û취ȱˮ°ղӡ
˼Ҷڼ˼ѼѼµĵǼҪһܻôһμǼû⡣Ͷˣųиһٽ⣬ǻʲô޵ģ
˽⵽ڿƹ
ҼһĲĺܸߣ״󶹣ƶߵļͥ˶ʳʣ࣬Щʣ֮ȫΪιֲʳ⡣
ȵ߳ɹиϣũ壬Ҫꡣ
ȷƹֳС֮½ĸ˹һЩΪԭ⣬һЩǹڲƷƷ⣬һֱɫ
ƻŽ
ֹһ˹ſڵʱ˫üž֪⣬ǽŵʱ˼ǰѾº͵ĴЦݵˡ
첻̫˳һۿЦ
˹еεһͷؼҲ̸۹ȷʵµģԭҵʦܣĸҲǹھλٳֵĸҡ
ųôɯ¿϶ˡ
˹˵Цĸ׵ȷôѾˡ͡ȥ˿ˡ
ͣΪ˺ܶʳжٶ⣬Ҳһ
жϵͲӹȥѪˮƬϾơΰ֮ټͺܲһһжΣǽ
һ̴ײˡһ̽ѼӡһĩӺһ㡣
ǽſʼģƵĵζϣѡ״ףҪܶףѾҺʵֲ
ĵƷֶˮʺֲˮԴȽϳĵطΪˮԽϲ̩ˮԴرĵط̫ࡣ
˵ֵ֪һпǾǡ滷ɽɽѩˮпǵƽԭγ˶ĺӵ̩º֣пˮԣܼı죬ʳͻ
˹ܱܲȥֲӰɣ
ڵȻУԡ˹һ˵һ߽ͷ֣ҲжͲӹǼепǵµϳ˵ͭ⼸һֱҶŸһЩСԾԾԡǸС̩ţӴԸΪ̩
ͬˣСڹ裬ͣҲ㣬׷ɿڡԼһףֽʣĵ
˹
˹һˣʳϰҲ£˶ǳ׷ġ
ŵĽΪʲôҪпǹҲȣΪͭһһ壬ҲΪ³֡Ϊ˳ﱸ˰գڰԹص̩ʱǸҪʹ̩пǣȴֻһƮƮӦ̩̫򵥡ܲˡ
֣һǺģȻǹȴѾ̩һɷͳ̩ߡһ־ÿҪǶ̩Ĺҡ
СȻֻΪߣ̩ȴҪǰߡ
пǡҧſӣ¾Կɿǳɷˣ֮ϲ
ݶ˹ĳޣҲñˡ
лҪ˵Сóԣ¡
ƣúóԣһ룬һ롣


159 159 

̩Ǯ, ֤ݾ, Ž˶Ժȵսãֿʼпǳ
֮ǰ̩ûжԸİ취
пΧһɽ, һ㣬һ, Ȼϣ츮֮һѹ
ɽճһɻҺɫҶ
֪, һǸ»ֲ︯÷֮Ķ, Яű֮ϸӡ
Ҳֽ̩취һǴʪĿֺͷҩݣһѬҩˮ
ΪҪõգ˵¿Եȵ, ʱտԲժҩ
ղǱֲģһʼΪ, ֪ôľͳ˿Ұ⣬ͱصһЩջһһЩС׬ķʽ֮һҰѰְɫջժ֮͵̫
ʵ˶䷽ˮյ, ˵ɽֵóһֶֶ͵óִɱ
̩Ȼͬ⣬Ҳ׼ͬʱܵ׬Ǯ
Ǻöǰһʿۣÿ쿴ʳһ٣ֱ絶һγ򣬾ȫó
ؿˡۺ͸ɫɡ߲˸Ǳ䣬ڻкñָۡʡţɵҡǹƷ
֯ҹϰ࣬Ҫһֺʵĥ޲ֲҪȾɫȾɻɫԲȾǳ̻̻ԣɫսʺڴж
ǵֶ඾棬һιٷսʿװǳ³㣬ѥϥ档
ɳķǵһ
·ˣϰ˹ҿյ̩˺ֱܴȽĳ㣬ϻĥӡ
Ȼڿͳˡ
ڿûһ·ҿҪܶ˶ϰ˹ҿյˣʿÿ䱸˼Ľǿʽ
һʼΪ˽ʡϣձɲʽȻʿ֮ʾĽǿɣǸƨ̫ˡ
һ׼ѾգȵʱǴӿпǽĵؽǳǻ׼תȻóɺܶ࣬Ҳ΢һ㡣
ݶ˹徭Ѿ˺ܶ࣬ûôˣ˻Եеݡ
ݶ˹ﻹбĵͼһխĹͨеɽҲнп̵·
̩гŵǰݶ˹սｨͽԭǸΪǡ
û뵽ݶ˹ܾˣ£ԭΪԼеǿ˱µĿ͵µƳǲ֪ԼķǳԣϣĳпԹ鵽뿴ڱº͵µĿ±ǿġ
ǵı³ϦĻʲôı𣿡һԣ˸ڰһߣȻкܶë˵УͲᷴҪǸгϵͭ󡣡
ݶ˹ȴֻЦЦͭȷʵһɣȴҪɣ²Ҫ˵ǰǣȫʶǵİնŴ˰գɣÿΧԶռҰޣƶ˷žȼʳ
˵ıе㸴ӣǼһգȴѻȸֻ֪ҪԱԡֻڵ£
ҡҡͷ˵
ˣҲ
ûа취ֻһ
ָϣȥ߱ģԺȥƳ٣˼Ҫľ糡
ʼдºž籾˵дܶ࣬ر𴥶ġ
ոһľ籾ǵ͵ĻͻһɱĹ£ȻǾ޵£Ȼе֮˽ҡ
ԣдľ׵Ĺ£˺ܶϷͻ
дʵУҲͶУԡϷһͻ𱬿̶ʮգϵʮ̫µɶ˲֪пǹǸб޵µĻ
ǱȥпǣͰݶ˹һǸĵأȥˡ
˶꣬ʲô඼Թһ䣬֪ʲô˼ʵԿ״Ӹ߸ϵĹͽҲ׼ԭףȥ
ӴӿһɳķͰӡ
ͬʱۿǱ̩ĴҲˡ˸Ʒи͵̩ӽĺ
ڼƴϽ
̩ĸۿڽһʯͷˮ޽ԭȸӿ̴ҲࡣȻôĸۿڣжж졣
һγӸȥ̩ƷҲȥ̩Ӻʹٵ޽Լ¡
͵˲֪ͨݣ̩ôƴ󣬼ĹҶ˺
û˲þȣǶһôģҪ֪̩һεĴٿеģӺҲеġ
µıжȵþƱˣԭ̩ϲ˵ͣ
֪ͬ͵ȥ̩תһתˡ
֪̩ۿ˵֮󣬹ж̩Ӹ۲ˣô̵
ʱȻ޺ôߵĵĹһֱ䵽ϣ϶֪ļաжҲ֪̩ƳһʯͷĶ
һʼˮգȻˮտ鶼ʮִﲻ޽ߴı׼ˮ黹տ飬ɱȽϸߣҲ̫㡣
жʵ̫֪ʯͷĶôˡ
ƽԭʯͷңʯͷңǵĽľģһʯһľͷĹ졣ʯͷĽϣ޽̵Ľ͸ˡ
жǶ̩Ľʣ˹ӺŽоȡ
˹Ӳùǹ˭ŰֻĲмһ㶼ڼﲻپ촯ή㵼ζȵëҲ⡣
˹ôΪ˺ͲƹһΣżԼԺߡ
ţҲԺӣķգķأһͷ°뱲ӡ
˹ҲҪҪԼ֪ĸ߹жǸΣʲôôѾǸˣжͻȻҲûԵøãõøãԳˣܲ˱˻Цͬ
˹Ҳ룬ձԼڹ󣬱ūţ粻֪ڮáǷҲڵԼһ
˹оȴ·ûֱ֪ڡ̩Ӻ̩ٵ޽ԼϢ
֪ӦָоĿۣȴ䣬Զȥ
˹ֻеһƣۡ
Ժůůɹϣȴѡ
յķӦ˹ҵö࣬˲
СĴָ
ڷߣСգ׬Ǯĸж߾ոհ䲼µĺ󹬷ɣʧһϲûлеĺŮˣ鷳Լļ˽ȥԺ޸ɡվڿȥһԱ
˼£һöûУжβ˦ʮС
ô־ֱϳС˵ôд
һЩʹԹѾûȤĺֱˣƾǵĳĺŮ˵ͷΣټһ㲻ѣ֡
նٴμȫûȤЩ޸С
ջزȥѾûļˣ˹״̬ҲȥֻúƤǲߡ
Ȼû뵽ж߾ĹܸɥĲ񡪡ߣֲȤģжʾҲԸǣסԣǮÿ¶ٶ١
Ǯر࣬Ǯ㹫ȷʵе޳ܣûд
ûð취ֻÿʼͷѧϰߺ֯С׬ȡһ΢Ĺ
ûûҹߣָƺãƣĥļӣѾ˺ϸķŮʱ̩ӽϢ
飿Ȼֱģ
նˣȻ˲Ǹٵĳ࣬ʱرڵ˲࣬һ϶̩ǽһǻӡ̡
շŮ**ĪǣҴĲԭͬˣ
лҪ˵գΪԼߵǡдŮϮɱ¹⡯
ߣףƷֵס
ᵹʱ3


160 160 

˵ЩǸҵĺ񣿡һʲôеġ񡯡
, ⶼһ, Ȼյĺ
˻ڱ񵥣ĳĳʲôʲôĳĳĳĳʲôʲôǣЩǽ, оȻţһͨı, ʾԼߴḻ¶ˮΪŽį˿Цá
ֻ֣ܱʾ, ˻ȥԼ
ЩһЩΡ, вͬҵزֶϡʵȻһпȶ
ͷС֣ûгΪʵ, ȻСʵȴܱȫֲ˵, ĳĳҵһرֲ֮ʮֱ
ƷûпȣͦϲȻѾֲ, Ѿӵһ԰Ķơ
˭֪϶׬Ǯ΢ƷԴԴϵ
ȡҶɿɣͲһɿˣ˿ɿɣɿˡ
˵֪ôˡ
ȻʱûյϰߣǾһһ
׼һЩϡв̥ߺвҶһһк衣
ѾԲᣬҽѾȻ֬ǳҲѡʱóһʮͷĲΪģͣùҪһģһһһɫʵʱҲҪǵͬҵɫ
ߺͲҶÿһˮ
һ豸ģƷûֵʱһ׶˵ĹƷõ÷ǳϧ
Ҳǲóƾ;ͣ
ˮҪʡ
ͷĶ࣬ƿԵˮֻû䷽ֻʽѬ䷽ֻԼ飬Ѱ˵
ﶼص㣺ϡСɫ
ţΪԺҶˮгΪĿģ϶ᾫ׼һεĻҪϲͬҵĻص֤ûһظġ
ճûжõĹæµˡ
⣬һκ˻һ벻ˣĶԴױˡ겻Ǹõкӳ˸Ƥ꣬һкͿʼΧѧתơ
ȻѾ˴ŮûҲţźĵӡ

ǱĺһܴľӴӳϱ֮ΪĲϣһҿһһ˸ߣһѾ񻯵ϸɫʯ̵ġ̩ӡ
վһֻ۾ֱǰ鲢ºͣһֲðϡ
ǵڱϡ˹һϳ
ڱͣʱ䲻ôʱ䣬Ĺȴƾһӡ̳߰˷Ƶġ̩ӡƣ̬Ҳƣ⼼ȷʵڡ
ָιǰ֪δáڷڻ֮ĵطɡڷ־˵Ĺ죬ҹһĨװ׵ӰӣجζҪų
˰죬˵͸˹ɡ
˹Ȼͬ⣬һһ񣬲ҷԸԼŵùҺ͵뿪ȥͽǸϻһҺ͵µĹУҳߡ
Цˣһڲϵ̩
̩꿿ųڻ˲ٲϣ
ϧˣֲеֶȥ·ˣĹƬδ㲻ÿڴɳķԺһĹ
Ժˣʮء
˹ȴ˵ҵѾһ࣬Һ͵ദʱ䣬һգһգ̫һֹ
ʱʮ٣˹Ȼǿ彡Ҳоʱŵᡣϧһʱ⡣
˹ΪΪӣԶøһ㡣磬Ͱ°źã㹻Ķǡ
ЦЦһ£ɵϣǶ᳤֪꣬𣿡
²ҪѹһҲֻȵȥһð췿ţֲӺ͵ӣȵ˹ȥģ磬ЯͭԼ˱磬ҲϷķ
˹ѾĹҵıڻһˣһԷͻ顢塢ιᡣǾҪߵĵλͺܶĲƸҪˡ
ȣ˹˵Ҳһˡ
̩˺ǵЯƷĹұڻϡ̩ʱԼ䰮ƷϲԵĺȵĶǵĹǽϻ˲ɫڻĹ˶δ
ϲӣңǵûʦ໭һЩӣ˵
ãҪС͵°Եĵӡ컨Ҫѣϳõ廨ϺȾƣΪٳ衭
˵ΪԼ޽Ĺҵ飬»С˵װ¾ӡ
һʵ̫ˣ˽鱦͵ĶóǾƣûֱ֮͵
룬ʳõ͵͵޹
鷳һġ
˵һ涯԰ô
԰Ȼûɣֱתɳķӣϲޣﻹ˱ӡ
ǼѾֻ飬Ҫ³Ա
ڶ꣬ͳȥûжãпǵľӻˡ˱ȴǴζܶ࣬Ҳϴȫʤ
ԺҲûпˣֻ̩ҶˣָһѪۣգ˺ܶܶңԶ顣
ӭǵսʿִͭĥһµľ£жϲġ
£ȥһߡ˵
ӦˣֻʿԭʿԸµģ͸ȥˡ
뿪˿ÿһʱ䣬վܻµ׺͹£˽ǸıϷ磬ľԺڿʼӳ˵ıϲ֡
ݶ˹Ҳ뿪˿ȥƳ١
ݶ˹֣ҸĸҵҲǼĶʷʯϡ
ģģ˵żú÷档
ʱһµѧҲҵˣǰ̣ȥУ빤͵̣ҲЩ㣬СʼԼѧУıҵѫΪǵѧУҲΪ
һµѧݡݵļˣѧϰһ߽Լͼ⽻ͼݾͽˡ
ѧһܺɳķ˰Ů͹أԺʦˡ
ͷǸľͷߣеȵСģƭ˭֪СѾԽ׵Ĺ
ôܾá
ʦСһ仰ضĺ·ңԺƯĹ
лҪ˵ƣΪʲôĹ
Ұү˵ˣҸı׼ûһĹ
ɢ϶Ե֡
ᵹʱ2

161 161 

ƤСǰһõŮ, ˮ·Ҳһֱ޵˸ۿڡ
һ·ԵĴׯͳֲŸָľ, ˮܡҩȵȡΪԭܶ๤ҲǨׯһЩŮ˹ˣ˵̺, ʲôҽ
һ, ڱ֮Ϊƽ
̩˱øˡܶкʹׯľǿһֻܳһֻҲˡˣܳԴء
̩˵ľҲ÷ḻʡж˾糡, ũҲʱ糡ٲû˵ʫ˺˸š
е̩ܶ˵ˡ
ѧУؿ޸ĹĹٷһ, ѧУһ֡
ؼʱķʽͲҲȫͳһ
ʱ̩Ƴ˹ٷлҡԲڷֵ̩ͭǮͭǮֵ͸ۿμۻȺţһöͭǮ̶Ǹۿһεļ۸, Ҳαλƶȡ
ͭǮһʼڸٷ̱ʹãΪЯ㣬ܶĻ̶ϲͭǮнס
̩ѾǴ, ĹչԭпǸϣԭȸĵطϵĸۿֶ˼˼졣
Щ¼, ˺ܶѧУǵһǵԼ̩ˣ˵̩ԣ̩֣̩ҪǣڳԱů·Ǯԣµ̩ȫһУȻܣΪԼ̩˽
̩ͷ࣬ȴɲһҪᣬ̬á˰ȥʥɽ£ڵתɳķӷ򸾡
ҵĸ̳ˣˣֻͶԷӡš̩ĳ̬
һʼ
Լ̳˱ŸڴǼ꿴мλһںƣһսȥȻǴʡҴϹһ̳ģֲ˴Աơ
ҪĻԼɳķӷȥսС˵Ϲ޴ͷĵܵǹ˰æִĴϹȻûôġ
̩ȲʱҼ̳˵Ҫ㶨ң̩
ˮ·޵ۿ̩֮һ̳˾ȷˣǳҲǵŮϵļѣ̳Ҳܷһʲô£ӹܶȥ
ȻΪʦҶԳδĽǺܿõġ
̩һһȶɾ͵ùöࡣ
ǰ걱ƽԭ굼ˮԣ֮Ӷ˲ʳȼ˺ܶˡЩûкúᣬγµ߲ҺñϷʬ壬ҿʼƣٰⳡ߲ͷ״̬
֮׺ڱ˽ˣΪĸߡ
ʵЩ̩Ҳоֲ֣СΧĸɺˮԡѼߡһ߲ײ
̩ٽ͹ȥҴ˻
ڲƲϵʧֲģžȼúͲ˹̨궨µģзǳϸľִʩֱҪΪѾȷ涨ΪʦΡ
ЩԽԽãЩԽԽϸϽĹƶҲйϵȨҪԼͼල
ˮ·ͨж̩˵һҪ£Խļǳ¡ء
ȫǵĿ񻶡Ĺ㳡ϰʳƶ˶
Թʿ⡢ˮַǻܲһơ
̫ˣ˳ˮ硣ı̨ڿĽֵѲݳÿһ϶оʵıݡ
һ˹ȴϡ
Űˮ·м䱼ܣֻˣһƥ
ںǾ٣󶶶һжģߵĸغ͹֣ԶĴׯȫһж˦
·ϲûˣҶڿμӸᣬ˶㵸ųϵ衣
·ܹܶΣΪȥǱߵʺֲʲôһֻԼᡣ
߰ɣ˹͵͵ȥԼ᣿ԾܾĴʧˣ˺š
뿪ܵˮ·мϡ
˹һֱֻ°ѹļϣɫͷϣе
İ֮˲˹ҴǶȿԼİˣרע񣬺ͱ紵
һֱߵһƬԭﲻ֪ʲôʱһƻżȻֵһϲ;ǺʺԼĵص㡣
ƻӣ֪ʱһĵطѿѾ˺ɫĹʵ
˹ժ˼ƻӲ˲Ҫ𣿡
ֻǣûκˣһرģɵĸоƺе̼Ҳǵܵüˡ˲ȴҪһΣֻ˵Լᡣ
һɾĵط˹ڵϣȻһ
ʵûʲôֻ죬һϦ
ƻʱرѤõɫɫеɫ̫ΧȴǳȺɫ
ЩɫȻɣгһֳ
ûеµ۾˹˵һɫʡ
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ʮ̩Ȼ뿪ˣ̩ʷΰҲ뿪ˣǵĺܶҲѾڡ
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