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1 ɽ
Ԫ£ɽ
ɽ亮粻ѩˣ콫ͺͺ֦ѹڵأȥǰããһƬֻɽͷ÷ɰȻ޺鲼Ĵ
᫵ɽϣµŮӼɽѩΪһ壬ѱ֣ﱧһֻͨѩ׵ĺ꣬һһѩسɽߡ
Ů࣬ǸɽŮʿڵĶϣ˷ɽޣеİ׺;мġ
׺ˣ˪һͷԵذſһ
϶ɽȣţɽȼ·ֻһһڡЩ󣬺̹ǸƵֱΣ׺Ӧе䣬໳ﹰ£ɵβϣٽԸһš
ഹ˴ۣźۼ£ûᡣ
ɽۣϵɽѾǰʱ󣬱ʱɫѻ谵ҹĻͿ콵١
÷дªӣƿţѾĴɳ˳־ʩ˸䣬һ˲øɸɾȻ̧Žȥ
Ѱ׺ڴϣʩơΪߣһֻСȻڻ£ֻֻ׺ѾͨᲢۣ˵ûͦأһβã졣
һأǽڽͷϺѩڵסûôˣ׺ޱã΢ЩٿؽԴӡ
̫ڳƣĹϣƳһ͵ĹΡúÿθʳһ֮ƵĶŵȻ֮ʣƳ׺¶Դֻ£ûע
ƣȥһˣʱѾڣȥϵѩŽţԭûſŵİ׺ٿؾѣβһҡҡ
ȻûпأԼ£æһôػԼյг̣֪ͨѾִɽ
׺Դضţ˵껰ɲǼ䣬ͻȻΪҽɴۣɻ󲻽ؿֿ´Сߵǰ̽צȥ
Ӧ˵ۣʣʲô
׺̧ͷֱֱţû仰˼ζβ͡
еû֮ǰһֱɽҰ֣δܹ̻ûнӴӶ绹µ·ĺͯǱԭеޡԡצӣԴ˹Էеֺõ˼
ڸл֮
ջߣɲӦ

׺ͦͨԣԹֻصϾſţûſڴм䣬ֻռ˴ǵһСطʣµࡣ
ϴ۾ޡ
һһʱһµģ֮˽ĹΪţĴǻһʱá
Ȳ˹׺β£ȥű߾ſ£β䵽ϴšһ㲻֣Ű죬Ͱˣһʱʱɨһβͣ˿
üͷ΢ɵ׻ûᣬ۾ֱ޽ų˵βͷȥ
׺ƫͷǵûаβͷ£ٴβɨɨϡַһ£Ҷβ͵͵˵Щ
ûˣβͷ
ֻһʱģ̵Ļ֮ش̫ã˾;棬׺׽࣬ʲôӰظţĶĶ
ȥɽȪϴ裬
ɽڲԶһյʱ͵ˡ
ÿ궼ﾲޣΧĵû׺ţֱǰ棬ɽȽʯϵĻѵϣһע⣬ذ׵ָڰ׺һ㣬ֱӰѰ׺ڳرߵĴʯϡ
ʵ׺ֻĸ꣬һˮҲνŽڵǻ߰˸ŮӼһ䷿˯ϴֻȥϴŮģûʲôñܻ䣬ο⻹ֻһֻûεޡⶼǰˣ£һʦĿܻԼһϴ޶С
׺ûӦͻȻ͸оԼˣɫ˲ʱΣµĶ漴ίؽУֵ
಻Ϊֻţܿͻȥˡ
׺СһΣϧãҲûá
౾ԽڣԹУţԼ벻ͨԵɣһʱɽһϢ£ɽҽΡ
رߵĴʯб״׺бһߣȪأһжֻƼܵʯڡ
ȼյĻرߵӰʯϣ׺ڼѶɲôԶûãЩйɴˡ
ɲ䣬ȻƼʯϵӰӣ֪ܴ￴ʲôʱضš
ȪزͣðɽģûЩȥůˮؿڣůէȻϮȫ¡
ųرЪ˻ˮ⻬Ĳ佽
죬ˮŻ࣬ʱϴòˣСƬ̡
ɽﰲ쳣ХķֻлˮСͬʱתҪתϵʱ򣬺Ȼͨһ졣
һۣƼöڳرߴʯϵİ׺ˮˡ
Ӧǲˮ׺ڳ⣬ϧʲôץֻˮ䡣
šü֪ô⿪ģͿȫȥˣ˳һ̣ˮҲǱŵˣ׺Ȼ׾پʹѣβ;סֱۣôһԾֱֻǰצסĲرš
ˣβ;ϡ
ٲȻûϵһ⣬ôˣܣ첻һֻûεĺԷ˿Ϸ챧ס
һʱˣϰԵسȵſ
ڷڣʱԴڵĵӡ䣬¹¸ߣϿֱҪԷڵĵǶٶλʦη徴֮ģĪ˵ǳˣһüҶʶȤزȥǡ
Ȼ׺ǵûһ˿Ծعţצ˵š
ϾޣôҲǵģ̫ʣ಻øһֻûܹ̻ϼƽϣʲôֻöְ
ɾڴ˿̣
֪̫»ôһӾͻγˡ
ʱһɽٿذ֣໹ûü񣬾͸оһůӽԼջεĺôţȲŴƣ޹Ƶſϣ¶ơ̡
Ӧǻ̫磬ʱԣ°׺βףβͻûʧβͻεĸı˲٣֮ǰΪ׺ãգգۣɢҡβͣһź֪Լˣʶ˶
Ӧ˵壬֧ӵģֻŤ¡
֮һʱһԭء



2 
޼̬ܸܵԷϢοҶͻĴպ̵˺¡
ޣͷɫģ뱾Ƥëɫһ£촽ϸüһ˫һ۹飬ϸӯӯһգǰһ˫޳
ˮʪұҲˮһֱɿ˫ֻ࣬Ҳྱ䣬Ӧǻˮྪ֮Уɫŵ΢ס
ɽҰֲ֪˼£ܣԲģֹͷԽ࣬ҶŻڳرϣβٿˮڶԷ䡣
൱񣬽׺һƿ
׺һӵˮУȪˮ浴ˣЩˮ
Ȼܿ죬ʪĴˮֱַųرߣһ۲ֱֱ࣬촽һţϸίִչȥβͽסԼֻ֣ϵ͸¶ûҪ˺˼
׺ˮͷʪǰǡǡÿĵطڵס
һǰĳҵرβ͵ǯƣһӣĻˣɽһƬڰ֮Уڴй΢¹⣬档
Զ㣬˵𰤹
׺һɻƬ̣Ҫȥ
ûȿٴαס
ǰʲôٿOO@@һһֻ̳ȥԷֻץļûдطڳˮɲǼ佫¹ϡ
ҹɽصСݣ׺Ǳﱧȥģһ㶼ᣬһֱӰӴϣȻ·š
׺·ǻʡģʵ֮Ͳ̫ˣһȥͺҵذ½󳶿һһذǿϸϸؿϡ֡
ǰû·ΪҪôԼκҲúܣҪ򵽵ʲô¾Ͱ°ǵ
еָջξӣ¶֪Ҳûãϰ˱壬ĻᷲһףĪ˵ˣֻκ·ᡣ
ŽײһĻ׺ȫֻʣ£˫Ȱš
֨ѽĿ׺Ķ䲻ض£β͸߸𣬲סҡΡͣ˰µĶ̧ͷײīС
ȲཀྵӲľͷԭر˰죬ϣ
׺ƶǶߣƫƫͷƺ˼ֵ˼һѧڳݲ˵ϡ
൱

һһദ졣
׺ǰͰ࣬ýȴԸйĽӴ뿪͹䡣ϧ׺ûɫվһֱţڲӦ״̬·㣬رΧţԶһ
׺正ֻ֪Լ֣ȴǲôģɽе̫ǣԼ˶궼벻ˡ
ĵһˣ
ſڴͷͷԱߡ
Աߵ˯£˯ǰһ磬ڴڲ֮࣬
Ъһ뿪
ɽﱻ˶⽫ǿ˺üΣβƣȫȥ̧ǰצԣһյĲɿԽǽϡ
β;ҵط˷ڽ˼£ǹȥһЩ٣û˯⣬ڱ﷭ȥҲ֪ʱ˯ŵġ
°ҹɽѩХªӲԵֿıʱһ㣬ֱʱ֣ѩŽͣЪռš
ʱѵģһ۾͸оԾȼֱ֣׺ţβͲס
ϾȻٴ˯ôã˲Ų
ʱҲۣ붼ûֻΣѭܵ˲䣬ȥë
ܵʪȣ͵ذƿ
ûз䲻ƿײ˵ıʹһ
Ͻ𿪣ҧҧѵֲ֪ôڣ޵ô꣬ľ£һʱ֮䲻֪߳ܣŮˣʲŵоҲδ̫Щǡ
ֽŲõһã֪ˣȴ벻ͨΪëʾΪʹȻ
෴ӦΪô󣬸оʹί˵歡ʹ
˵ƿӳȥæֹ𶯣
û
ʹ˵üͷšһˣװġ
ˤģˤȥƺأҪ챻ȣһغ˿ڻûȬոֱײ£ʹǿ϶ġ
΢βʣգ˵Ȱ·ϡ
̹·歸æϣֲ£׾ˡ
ˡֹԵڡ
תƼԼҹһţʱӣ˻ǰȻתˡ
κֳɳÿ죬һͨƩ˵ི羹˵һЩ򵥵Ĵʾˣ˿ˣתʱˣ־תһ
ྪȣջ
գգۣؿţɻô
˵ˡ
Ӧһףץ֣˲䣬ǱԱл⡣
ɫе㲻ڣû鿪֣䡣ϰ߲һʱܸĵģôĺ꣬һϾͳ׸ı䡣
死֪Ȥ¾ͷſӴٵôߡ

ѩͣˣƣû̫ģɽҪɽ´ֻܿ޾ԨԶŨصɽͷҲ
񳯵÷쿪øޣިʢţưܵԵø롣ȥ˹һԣԾԵòˣʣԱ𣿡
˫һںȵƹȥҡҡͷҪ
ֻٸʢһ롣
ûԹʳǰԼԣ඼ζһ붼ÿӣֻȣ˻ҪıԵʵûۿ
üɵû˵ʲô
һСܿףһ׶ûʣɾ
ĬƬ̣ʣˣ
歳۸ɾ׵룬ǿǿصͷԡˡ
߰ɡ
һ㶼ίֱӾ͸뿪ˡ
һ㶣ΪԼˣȵ̧ͷػأ˵ҪȬѾõò࣬Ǹ뿪ˡ
Ȼû㶮ôȬô죬౾ûοѻΣֳô£Ļš
԰գٿ正̬ȱȽϼ
һץס䣬סҡͷߡ歲ߡ뿪
಻Ϊ
死ǿöɫģ֪Լ뿪ٴҡͷǲ̫˵֪ôֻܽ˵ûûߡ



3 ֺ
ϵǻ飬ţϧһ飬Ĵ󷢣ǲ
歾ô˳ȥ
໹壬һ٣ɽ֮ϳ÷ʯͷѩƶߣʺϾôȻγˣȥһҲȥʶһܱƫƧһǿ
˸ϳȥΧһ磬ʹʮʮʵβơ
歲ΪҪԼ϶úõģִſڣ溰߲ߡ歲ߡ
˵Ĵʾٵÿſڰ죬ͻẰôһ䡣
ţϾĴΪţͷβƤӶûƿ
ɽϺЮŶëѩХʱͶѳһףżǹͷϼ϶ѩηģϾϡͿͻˣ䣬ֻԼֻСꡣ
ģִֵŲ뿪ȻẰѹԸ󣬾Ͳ˷ܵ¶Ŷѩ
һһ͸һ罩֣峿ڡ
ѩͣЪѾѵСȶǵλãֶһۣ໹ڴ۾޲ɽ
ЩɥβͶ
ʱۣɫƳ⣬ŵڵֻƼԷСӣԼѩɨɨȥβ͡
β͵һ̲ͣһɨһѩ£ڴʱ䣬ǲˡ
ջĿ⣬ȻᣬȥŪԵġ
İһ䣬ٿذβջȥź̽ԴӣԼϵøԶƵġ
ûһֱ߽ݣʱһڵˮ棬˶ûһûˮζȻզڰǾɽ亣ζͶˣڿʲôóԡ
ϧǵʳڵذŹϣ׽⡣漴ٴδ¶βͣеģӻɽ֣ڣֵúֱס
ˣҹ£ֲָ
ѩѶѵϸߣ粽Уܵ÷֦ȫѩǣ󲿷ĺ౻ڰɫ֮Уﲻ֪ʱƣ΢ĵƹӴйںʵĻѩϡ
ƻվʱȥƻ˲ʱһЩƬ㵹ȲȣȴִһĨӰӣ¶˶٣û
ȲðɲǼ뵣봹ۣٱһСڡ
·ëβһζ
ֵͷ˿Ȳ裬ϸ׵ָס豭Ʋ
Σ浱Ʋһٵػ˻βͣҲ¶ഹ˴ۣ²豭һֱ
歾ǹģ˷ԼŶ壬ĲǺ⣬أԼ£ֱʱ˲ⲽȥ
ʱڴµĽⶼ˯ţ˹ˣһϲûüأ־ֱѴˣ鵽ס
֪طӦһæѩϨˣڳ֮С
һⱩ˳Ƥ꣬ﲻκζӦ˯ˡûеطȥҲߣǾڴ»ԭΣԼڵ·䣬ʹ˰һҹ
ɽϵޣֶӵĻ֮У˯һҹҲ޷ֻɽķѩ̫ƮѩܿͰȫס
ûһͳˣȰ˯ѩأͿյ֪ȥˣ絲סΪԷ棬㰲ߵſڵȺ
һֱûɽš
ֶֻ֮ȥʳ

ʱŻ
ȥ÷־ͷ´ǱһôԶԶƼΧûˣΪ뿪ˣ˽硣
ݣơ
ͷɣѩ
ôʺʽ񳯹ô߶߶ؽ˼䣬ıСһ᲻ϲ£̻صͷһаá
ٴδ䣬Щ޹ؽҪĻֻѻ꣬ûٻأúܡ
ҲԾӣ֮ûٴ
ӺϨƾޣֻǸ£ͻȻOO@@һƫͷȥȴƼһССӰ
һڳëӣֻǰצڴϣצڰУյز˼£ڽβ͵
˰死˭
ɽ̫գɽ÷־ûģĪ˵ʳһݶѰµɽɽŲҵԵġȥһ˰ɽ˰ҵҰӣԼһ룬ࡣ
֪类ˣ˴ȥ֪ȥվȣͻȻһεסһٴεѩˤ˸˲棬ҰӹµµԶ
歸æȥ׷ӣ׷ˣڻ
¼ϣˣҪ뿪ҲйһֻצӱһҰӿŽһЪˣڴµ·һ·˯
ۣȫû˲˯¡
ڶʱ಻ȥޣȾȻ̫ˡ
û򿪴ֻƿ
ȻһţƼſͨҰӣʱס
Χû׺Ӱ֪ȥĶ
ۿ˻ûùӣ⣬ֻοԺûٹϡ
歺ȥɹӵĵطʳȥֻ̫ãϺʱĻгԵģҰöڶﲻѰɽұ˻ûҵʳֻȥɽš
ȥһɽŲףػؾһʱ䣬ɽҵ˲ٳԵģһ٣ץһֻҰӴɽ
صɽ°ҹΪЪϢ֪ӻŵơ
绹ڣʶȤſţˣ֪Լ϶ȥ
ץŴ˯ˡ
ڵ¿һ٣ãŷһҳ顣
Ʋ֪ʱϨġ
ſڵҰһֱÿһûѩ类ѩˡ
Ͼڴ˯͵ſţ˾͵ڴʱ䣬ģһһ죬żǸѧģһһ䣬Ҳ֪˵Щʲô
಻źۼſڼΡ
歰Ұӱڻ䱦Ƶģ˾ͳԣһĿ˯
ҰӺµöͣҶ
ˡ歶˵
ҿҰ˻Ȼǵιȥ
ˣûðָıȻ￴һۣ仰˵úܴ˵ĳ
ʱںȲ裬ԣͣס̲⿴ȥ
ûһ㣬ʱ𿪣һûӦٴδ˵ûߣ뿪



4 
һźبм䣬ѽֲµ˺
ͷ˿ڲ裬һĵȻʣڳš
歲ˣ˾飬أ˰ӣˣҰӣʱʱͷһᣬҪҧˡ
Ұŵɸһֱ飬ȵֱûˣʣһţʱҪƨ
ฦһ̧۾ƼһĻûܣƺȲ裬ٿʱѾԭΣѩﵽҰֱͦͦӲľͷȥŵȥ˰
һ死𾢶֣ӶƵˣ˼Ƿ²豭Ӿ£ϵ֮С
צµͻȻûˣһ㶣漴ԼʳﱻߣҲ׷ȥ絲ס
ħצӱʬڵأҪµ
歽î˾צĴ磬Ȼ޼£ݵԹã˵ˣͣ㡣
歶סֱñ忪˵ҵġ
̧̧ۣû
ۼŵߣ死еżϧ̫˵˰Σֻһ䣬ӣҵģ
ȻಢûҪӻȥ˼ǵӦתݡ㶣һʼûӦô£ֱԷȥҲûףľ£ͼˡ
ϰëѪǳģ歶ӿûͬģֻʳﱻˣڽһ֣ûκá
ϵһûУһſںһǵ£ȥġ
ô֣ô֪µĻͷһֶٶһЩٻԺеأϵǲͬԼûεޣҰӾߣҧԵ
ҪҪԼԵãǧҾˣãûãҲ⣬ҪʱϻԵ٣û׼ֱӻˣѹ歲ǧ֣ãҲףȴ׾پƿͽ磬ʵӦͣǵʲôԵȻ
వ۲棬뿴ϵ׻Щʲô
ȻëӳȥĴ磬ô⣬ʲôû˾͵ŽЪһЪ˲̱ѩͦʬһţڿԼԹβѩϲϵɨɨȥ
һڣܿڡ
ҰιЩҶӣҰõӱȻƶСྪδɢѲҶϵųԣµҪ
ſϹ۵ûѾ̱˴ʱҪβͻᶯһԶԶŻ͸ˡ
歺Ǿɥʧ䣬ΪϿԳ⣬֪ζûûˣɽѩʳѣǻʱΪûҵԵĶӣ»γˣӣʵǱ
Ҫ⣬Թӡ
ſţֻצӷذѹ£ĶƤ£˼ô
ѵƵϣӣƳëϻǸӣ˪ӣƳ۽ҰӣվûܣûʳϾͻ뿪һٳַ鷳
ţһѩӵҹ
Ű死뿪ɰ֮ǰɽʳԴӱ˺󣬾ʹͷɥſſţ˱͵ѩϳﺰ
歶
಻ð
ϾǳĵģƤ»Ұӣǲԣǵ徻
̻֪ܽʲôӣ޷죬һ֣ⲻ˺ù
ˣʱʱĽʱ䣬ûһ㣬òֺʱƲסʹܵͻֿһӰԶѩһȦҲйģƲ֪ƣ롣
ϸÿαܵõûϣϲ֪أһЩѽ顣
ڴģššüۡ
ſڵİ死Ȼδһצɴһ㶼֪Լʲôо񶯣ϡ棬ɻԴ˳򣬵ٸ˼צӣ类ĵҡҡɢֵĽ⡣
类飬Ʊػᷴɵϣǰ歲ЩسƬ̣Ҫʧʶһ¡
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Ұӻͷڽƨɳ⣬ŵþ͵װ
歽ȥƼһֻһ־Ǳ߳壬ûͱ¡ཫϣƤһƣ͵ʣʲô
ˣӲϣûܡ
ôûʣֻ۴ţҪ͸һϱ²СܴԼĽ磬ȻôΪֻɽˤˣ˵Ӧ壬ôˤŶԡʵЩ㾲޽뿪ʵ棬Ͼ歲ͨĺ
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歱÷ⲻڣԼһţػص֪ǲˡ
һֱɽУ
ë룬һԼȷʵû뿪ɽ긴һشڽɽûȥ֪ΪʲôЩسԷ
ಢδͣЩ歶ʵشֻ˵Ĵʾô㣬ÿĿİġ൹ûģЩĪ⣬ʵֻ̽
û⣬Ĳɵģ˵˵ẕ̌ϣԹ˵ˡ
һֱûԶΨһʳﻹߣͶǰ󱳣Ļ˼ش⡣
಻ãȥݡ
֪ҪԼŪԵģ󾱣Ҫ̫
໥죬޷ֻ̫ڣٲýҪӸˣֻܹɽ£һ׮£ˡ
ҲûԷ㽫һ׷Сˡջʱ򣬰歾̨Ͽţָͦʹ˸ɻֻ̧ǰצȻҪģǸġ
û
е㼱סСۣ±ȻԹģġ
˰棬Ҫһ룬ûԹЩʲôһˮ涼ǹ졣
൱õű
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࿴ȥ
ëӰҰõ˵ûС
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5 
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6 
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񱻽סѹֵ˴Щȴܣ𽥳ȥڷӿ˳ֻ︡沨
֮Գֿƣзݣ಻ָ֪ܾΪΣʴӡ
ǴûŹģЩŹ֣˵嵽ʲô㣬ֻžˣʶ˱˽ȥѲá
ϵСһζɨչ䵽ϸݵ䡣оԼ˻þ֮УֵΣ·𶼱ˣ޷Ҳʹô޷
ⲻԽԽ޷ܣҹǱģ˿ȴڹ֮У߾ﶼţ߻ħһ㡣תֿ֪Ƕ챻ɴֻˮźŴٲ
妳˱ϸڻþѰ㣬ʱҪ׹һɿһʴţʳ־ֱĸܣģȱʲô˶ڼеؿؽݿƽʵ
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һһƲѣδƵףһ꣬һ֪¶Ϲתת춼Ҳ·˱һûʲô
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7 ԥ
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ѰҪˣ޷ķɣͳһ̲ѪɫˡֺǺ棬ҿȴ򲻳Ȼ


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ۺڳɫɲ
ëӺȻ˶ԴֱֻǰצǵСϡ



8 
ҹѩƮ䣬Ƶɽʤɽͷ÷ĺҡݲУݵĵƻʱϨ𣬹˱Ű׺ߣ߳ţŹϡ
ߣҪģɻϲðѿϣҪ˶һڳԵġ
ҹɽ̫䣬ֻëĶ÷˫˫һ𣬲סꡣ
ۿ˿һŻк׵Ļֽվһֻͦİ׺Σ߰ͷ˫ᣬȻ˳ط
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׺׻һঽС
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ǵؽ㣬ɽش棬ƽߣλĽ紦Ӫתأ̵ɽΪ֣ͬǡ
ҹҹƻ貣Ʊյ죬ԶĶɿڴֻӵԵʳʱ½½ߺȣԶŵ
¼ڱֵľͷǰŭĿԲʯҵ
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9 
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ȵܣʲôңңٻƵģǹʱ͸ӽȡ
ȡԴ࣬Դɢϵ⡣
ǹѲ˸ϵలһˡ
ϧȥض˶βͣǸоǱߵ⣬㽫βͳ˦
󷨵ţŹҲûܣɾһ̣Ũ̺ǿͨ󷨣Ϥ϶ȥ
һϢ򣬹еһͱøɸɾ
ͻı仯˲Ťת˾棬³ӣڰеϽ֣ϧΪʱ෢Ĳһ̧֣̼䲻ĹɢЩĻ顣
Ҫ뵽¼ʮ˿ڣඨһ顣
ﱾڰ˺ֳǽ˲ɢһҧ֪ԶĶ֣ЪҾ͸Ͻߡ
Ӧȥ׷ϵģʱٴαʺϵʲôϽŹϣһƣָ
İʱΣ໳С
Ծûлβͣϻһβ±
̣Ʋס޷йֻܽס磽⣬ѹֵض϶ȡܡ
˵βͲס֣˿Ϸذš
㱼䣬ŵϤϻкãȴ֪ˡ
ǺʱȻķӡ



13 ̰
歵ܵý߾ﶼʲôܿţ䡢ޣеĿڽؽ豻αϻػջ޾վһּ尾ȴ֪Ž⣬ֻӡ
֪ĵľٶ಻ɽǻطӦϴΰˣԥΣûƿ
ǰһֱֻŰ正ֱڶԷĵҪÿ֪ҡϸݵ֫βȫ
ϾޣվĲ˹ϰԣ֪߳ܡ
β͵ĺ壬һ˲漴񱻻һƿ֡
ڴʱֻҲסˣٴαȫѹס죬һŹؽţ·£Ҫֳ˼ҵ½ʼδȷӦѾ̵ԼǴҲ䣬ĵػ˻ʣβ͡
侲ЩҶܵԼؿڵơȣ¼˵һ̾͹ˡ
⻰ǶԷ磬Ļز֣ڶԷֱճۡıƽǹȥ޷ڽԪڣˣǶ妳˱ʱؿھ䶼Ǻʪġ
ô䣬ȴ·ڶ̫±ɹҲŨң޿ײ룬Ѫʵǵֵס
ǿţζʴǡ
正ȷſңβɿϴֻϸϸŶԷ
Ȼǲá
һůʪȸϮ
ȫƾԣһ㲻أȫȻ֪Ϊĩˣ̧ͷñǼ°ͣɫ̫ȶЩɢ룬ӯٵĴ⳱ˮ
һ˵ҿİš
԰գסļ򣬲·Ҳ
䷿˵ƣֻǹ߲ǽһɢƵĻٿվˣðĹϣһ͵ĹΣһ޷ס繡
˽̲סϸָڣ歿ҪʱһӱûöԷóѡ
ûûнһѹƣϻһ˿ǣû̫£е㲻񣬷ǵðۣܾò졣
͵˵ȷſ
ţβ̵ϸߣۣ촽΢źϣоЩˣ
ԻཥЩʶ壬̣ð歷ɾʱѳһֻ֣丧ڶԷСϣƽҴܵ
Щ²סܵϵûֹܵصס˰Լ
ܡ
ЩίϾʪĺˮĶʪġ
ûѰƽֻײܴ·磬Юɣؾš
ĵطóȻ˵ԪڿܻöԷˣҲ·ɣɽǻһֱֻͨǴβŽĵʱɢûʲôӣȴȫȻͬ
һһһʶ͸𽥻ͨܵ尾ȫͨתɵ̰޾ʳš
Ѳղ֣һжˣֻӲš
͵ʹ໥̯歺࣬ȴѹûбֳ²˲ּ正ζʵߣʱͻǺʪ͸ˣһĺ̽ף˱޷ĥĺ塣
歺һԿصʣβͶ΢ЩſǿЪЪãְȥѰĴΪҪôֻ֮ǰģŮʱᱧһ졣
Ҫʲôб̵ܿС𡭡
ϲԿأ̫֮ù
ƻмЩй紵𣬲ʼջţ䣬֪˶ã̫෦۵ش֣ھ˸ոһ⣬ڵȻûȥֻصֿǽڡ
̰ᣬһβͲס䡣

ͬһʱ̣ߵͷķ䣬ǽĽֲǰⲽأȲȣʱڷĴңԶǴ½ߵ
ϧоʹ˼Ҽɢſڵϣ˵ˣһ¶ѣȺܵشܴˡ
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ǿҪϧ֧ӣܲסŻѪ
ѪɫǺģճĺɫһŨصζΪģӶذڰ֣ǿŲҵЦЦ⣬ʣɳأ
Լʩһ䣬ýֲŻصøƣ˵ɣ¼ʮ˿ڵĻĶˣԸҲЩƤ֮ࡣ
˿ѪЦش
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¼ʮ˿ڵĻ꣬ʶȤ㣬Լ
̧̧Ƥӣ²豭ӻһŻƷ
ΪҪԼӲͷе㱯֪ɳ˵ʲôꣿ
ͷӲã֪ﻹб꣬ƾձһ֧ڻƷдϳү֣ʣ治˵
ﲻ
ҲգдһʣƷȼǻƷûбճɻңǻһŵĻڷתͣͭԵױϡ
һнѰʿٻķӣΧò󣬵СȴԶԶ㹻
䵽ױϣɫһ䡣
ֲ̲˵ҲҵΪҪôССһ˷Ǻñ¡
˵ţױУֻײһͨڵԲʯ
ﾪ죬ǰֱһѣΪ˶ȻҲ޿¼־ҪǿԲʯ鼱֮ƴҲҪֹ˻ķɶһȥ
ϧֺһϮɷ˵ߡ
ǰѵࡣ
ʶȥƼɫţﻹһĻŮˣ׷ŮûȴʮϤഩġ



14 
°ҹıֱǰҪֵ֣ĵƻЪӶʢ¥ڸȻ죬ֵܽůǧһ̵ʱ򣬻ήҾûͣе˷ĵתֱ
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¸ſڣಢûţǴӺԺŰ死ط䣬Ҳû֪ὭһģоЩŹ֡
һ˲Ծ졣
ӭӣʦ𡣡
ɢӦⲽš
ʦأûһϸĴʡ
ѾˣеҪ졣ȻʲôƬٶһȥϷ࣬ȥðæ
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ĳүƨֻý谢һЩ
ʮ꣬ʢʱڣֵҲ޴󰭣һŴһʽ֣Σʵ˰歡ֶһһܹȥֱ
ŶãѻһۣѩİɫϳĮȻ߽ã侲ݵؿʣôˣ
̫ãҡҡͷ³үٲػ꣬ǻ
Ƴ»ʬߵĳү˶˼СЩƱطϴ󾢣޲ó¼ȫʿ϶ûã׼һģָ¼ҵ˺ڵĲɥĲ
ϸһãû
ֽԲʯദһʯ˼壬ѹǵģͲ̽ˣʯг¼˵꣬ȴûгүģ޼ԳүЩʲô
ѹ£ֻһ㽭ζ벻ͨɻʣӦû꣬ôʯ
ʯͬʯǿʳΪɵģ׳ɣͨʿľһһ飬ﲻһó
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һЩ飬ûп
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ĩˣȥ̽̽ү
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ֻ˵е£ٹ
ôã
಻ܣˡ
ƼǾıӰе漴뵽ʲôζü
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뿪õಢûȥϷŰ正Ѱ˼ƫƧСݴһжͻȻ̬Щϣϸþġ
˴ռţڳӰʺϾޡ
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ʪİЮסĹػûָֻܱԷβ;ţڱǽϣӵͨ໥ɣʴĹѪÿһ̡歳ʶйͨͷһʰçײвͻܾˣûҷڲÿһ綼ա

üͷ΢ѹЩͷתһܣǿƽ

һҹ¸ڵ˶ôùλĳ¼ڵæת
Եİ歳˯ͲתѣЪһҹ֮ظ̥ǣϡͿû˾͹´
ۿ˿ϵۣһż飬ϲް֮߳ģЩͭƼԼʱʱŵصɴۡ
βͺͶ䶼ʧˣͷ˺ɫġ
ʵڵģֻǻκ󿴲ѣԭȵӻᾪŵˣʩˣŽͷҲΪڵġ
歲֪飬ŵڵرԭΡ
ฦһŽͿëӼѵױ̨ϣʧضͭɾβ͡
ţëµرȻצӣ歵βͣողˡ



15 Ұ
Щ޶ԣβǲɻȱģصľԼβͣһգ۾ûˡ
൭ͣƶǶ֮ͲԸٻγˣڴϹȥβ棬ϡòСѣڰ첻ۣʱʱأ𾢶˾Ծҹûһͣ
ǰһֱģ±î㾢ֻİ׺ȴҰͷڵĹס
ζԷΣʲܣô׫д䡣
ЩʱͳԵĹȹ˳ظʾת潭ֵĻîʱȥһˣǰ͵˳ë死ͦź򣬽ԴȥöԷ۾
䵭̧ۣһƳ
֪λϿ飬ջ֣ҷûʲô¾ˡ
ԸܣˣſţûøΪţҪצȥ䣬ϧ֮ţûӦһΡ
ʵģϣسһдõĻƷʣʲô
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歲⣬˼ģûȥƫԴ˰죬ѵԷ΢漴ֱõĮ׫дġ
îʱһһȥá
˳ү¼ȫˣڷڵĵӵչ£Щ˶תЩ´ˡ
δĳүڻ֮У·˺ͳ̫ϴ棬ԴѺڳүĨᣬүңһֱͬ˵ûһȳүһ
ֱ˷˴죬Щͣɻ˼䣬Ҳᵽû˵£̽̽һӵĿڷ硣
һ¼ҵɫÿɶ«ƵĲ˵үЩǶǵĻﻰ˼ǳүһˣûκιϸҵŽֵ˵ҶѰζ
Ȼ˵ʵЩַھԼ¼ū˽ֶۣܲµţǽ糿С͵͵̸£ƼȥʱԱȰ졣
ʿҲʡ
ʵԼʲġ
Ͱһ㲻үϻó¼ҵ˶ȥҪ
ΪзӾȳүˣ¼ҵ˸м㣬޲ùǿͷлԪлԪ
һϲų޶ԣֱүְڰ֣ͷȺ˳ȥˣﵲţͷλڸض
һŸжµ뿪
ཫվڼͷİڹϣĮۿĳүʽ֣ˣ
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Щ֮Уɫģ߹ȥָүЩһŷԷͷϣõģʱЧʱ
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ǲǷˮã˭·˶ԴʦŲɣ֮үûٲһأ·˸ŷλʦүǶȫŷˡ
һˮ־͹Ǻˣô࣬ｲʦƭӻࡣ
Ѱ˼Ҳ޷ʱˮǵãˮֱ׳ײƫͻֳ֣ÿǸʦǰӣŪĶЩٰʽС֣ûʲôãһײ鷳ˣðһɡ
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ǡд⣬ͷų
һҹ̫أһֱѪھܲס嶼άֲסĸζš
Ƽֽĳүһ˲漴һİˣܿס毺õݸֳּڽĵʣɳ˴ƣҪʲô



16 
¾ҪֲԸϻʱ䣬żɽ֮ĻأĶˣ
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ִˣͳ¼ҵкζԹֻˣ˵⻰ʱǣסԷвҲ˳άϵסǿҪʧĻ塣
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ֿɲЩȦӵĻֱӲ𴩣㺦ģʮô£㹴ǵ֮޹ô
ﲻֲ̧ǵѪ̫أǿƲסҪ룬ֱѹ£ǽڰ
й޹أ׷ЩʲôΪһɳ˱ǡ̧ͷȥĿϣ֧ӣ˶٣˵ˣܲһء
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ϣͷһμܹģҲ֪ʲôʲôԹ
ִĿϢĳ֮˼֮ľ
Щʱﲻƫͷ鶯ﰵȻԼЩ˵ںޣǲʣ֮ͦӡಶ׽ЩĮջ֣䲻ȵʣΪ𣿡
һ㶣Ȼûϵӵʵ΢˶λɳУȻء
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ëӻ˸˲ĳƵУûеңֻʯʯɰ歵ɵģʰ֮һεǣţź˿һ㣬̫ϲָо㷳ض˶ӣ˼ʾ
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17 
ǻɫӰǳ֮꣬ԼĻ֮Խһֱûܷ֡
ֵ̫֮ģȶҪԼĻǹţɢˡûʶľګƮڿС̫þ𽥵ãȻѰԼǣȫȴһкͻ᳹ʧ
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޶ԣûжֻǴɣǿ󲻵ãȲģִԲֻẦҡ
Էֿĳ֮ٶ۵سȥξǲܹλֻŴת
ְա˵
ȻִֹԼĻ֮޼º뽫ȫɸԷԸɢҲҪΪУһϯе룬ͽͶѣôȲ˵ġ
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ﲻľȥķӣó֮˹ԼҲǿлص֮С
ǻķ©ǰִ̫ĳ֮һƵģ֪Լһأһֻſȡϵļ侹ˣﶼǵˣֻ֪飬߶Ҫš
ȴֻðͻس¼ңϾϤһУص¼Һĳ֮ȷʵ˲١
Ҫ˵ľﲻ̫ﵽѰ֣Ҳģɴص¥רЩ˵ľԴ˹ͳ֮
վޣʳѲǳ֮սݣҪÿҹ꣬ˡ
֪ȥǰ취ֻðʿ̵߳¼˵꣬Իֻ꣬ǻûü־ʹһɵˡ±¶ټûټֻðѳ¼ʮ߿ڵѹס֮ĻԼڡ
ϧȻǧСģǱ෢ˡ
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ִֻ֪̫Ų£᲻θ顣
Щ̾±Ű׺࣬ٿ˵߰ɣʱˣԵ޷ĪҪǿ󡣡



18 
ԵԵɢʱУ컯жִŵ·ǺαأȻǰΪˣѾ²ȥֻɷʵ䷴֮ͷǰ
ͽֶûٶ˵һʱ䡣
֮ԿãפԭأǻЩնϵǣһֻͷ£Ȼʲô֪ȴǶġ
ΪûʶĹ»꣬ɶ˵ڣȴˡ
ջǵͷ
˵ףɲûã
ʱ֮졣
¼Χʹ飬·˼γϣֱӻȥѺּޣñʹ
Ķ
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ү

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԰գٿ³֮ͷ֮ǷӦһ㣬ͷ
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ƣǰ£һĴѩС


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װ׵ģ׸⣬һǮ
಻Ƥؼ䣬Ҫ԰װ׵ģҪ򡭡
֮ǰ͸˵ϴӦͦ죬ΪһڳԵľͰЩԺˡ֣ȫӦ
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Ҳҧӣе㲻ҧҧͻȻŪָ⡣¡ȴһ٣źۼϸָ
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ص¸֮󣬰ȥһˣԼĿǡҲڣһΪ˶Ȥˣ֣㽫ҹ滨͵͵ι˰歰歲֪Ǿƣ˸ͺˣòС
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һͷſƽ̱ŲãŤŤӣôһرΡ



19 
κİ뱾ʱȫͬſſطޱϣϸ֫һգʵԲ΢΢ͦ޳ȽڷſţѹסֻϡܿѩɽӰ
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ƳƵģʱĿ⣬һű̺ϣʣ˶پƣ
ûлش𣬸ееȣһ°ѱ̺ƿź촽ֱࡣʩķû˿̵뷲죬īڷɢڱЩǰǡɽǰסֵģðףǵ׹̬һһʮ㣬ҡ
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໹ûüش̫渦һ־ͽ׽ߡ
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20 
ϵ³çƽʱһM¸Ƿ正񡣡
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21 
ɽҹɽҪ͸ЩҹǧյңӦģΪռţʱͰ死¥Ҳ
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۵ľഫʪơȸУ⧲
νסͫؽ
һסٴϮ



23 粡
޹ϰѸģ ëʾǱܣ Ҳռʱıꡣоܳ ǳëĶٶá
ʦէȻңʹйβѵܣ ļηø Ͼ֮ǰǰʶѡ
ӦǲЩֹζʲôţ ϾЩ΢ϣůϢ£޵ʴѬȾôһ˲䣬 ظоʪĴԼϣ ΢ƵĴôԣ޷ӣһûˣ ոնǻþ
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死⣬ ǵգںƿˣ ץ·໳У ְȥ øԼ·
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봹ۣէһƼµĨԲֵͳ֣ԺԼ£ѧ𣿡
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޷ԼִŮ˵֣һǣڶԷϵ͵͵ʦ𡭡



24 ʦ
ô ȴŮ˵ò ΧһжϤ۵ףɶУ ·Ũصİ뵣بм䣬 ڵסˡ
Ů̵úʹ࣬ Կصĵͺץס˰歵֣ ˵˾ʲô
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25 
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̫潫ϻΪ¡
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бϲȥգֹҪȥҲȥҽްܹȫЩ
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˾ֻǲʰԸûԣʵ鱾ͻ֪˵ˣ಻ԸִһȻȥ
Ƿûţ׷ȥ

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϶ܰѰи̫񻪣ϵӣǵֳ£⵹Ǹͷ۵⡣
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ԼĪһʱ䣬ȪԵתҪչͻȻ𶯾쵽ûȥΪֻ˴Ӹ߹
Ȼһ̣һŰɫӰɿشڽ¹ԲƵģͨˮ



26  
Ȫǻ 歾Ƽˣ Ȱͻ¥رܣ Ϊ裬ĸ첲̽ˮ棬 ˦˦Դ ˣҲҪϴ
ͦ飬֪ο϶ᱻߣ ͱΪô
ֻȪģϻᱡѩ£ûƿ正ɶԷΣĿ ֲ̧ˮĺԴ ʵȥˣ
˵ѧģмγȥתԷ ͻô˵ͻѧˡ
Ϲ߻˳԰գ һţ֪ߵſǰ ʪëľ࣬ ˵㣬 ûҵ
ȪУȫʪģ½Щճ𤲻ֱʪŢëӰͰţ͸ˣоƤצӲ̫أཫڳرˮ
ȪˮԴȣһӾЩ䣬歶ëٿݽȥ
ʪ˵ȥǱߣе¡
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ϴ󣬰ë꼸һŵϣצŲϷš
ʲôܵؾͿʼȪ̺Ũջȥβٴէ֣ȫСϡ
಻û֪޼ƽϣϤĽôת
ʵҲҲգֻǰֳֻĶѣͨеĴʳͬתΪУټ歱֮һ
ȡȪеҲ֣벻̰ʳϾչв̫ĻԶ˻ʳ
⻰ѵ̫歹̰ʳɵ˰ˣһӾͲܿƵرΣࡣ໳Уｻ֯ܣسײ
ֻðͨתˮýš
ֹһĳһͲ¶ȾԷϿܵȥֻһΣɢſͷʱԺкȻ֮ǰĳլӺԺǳˮУǸŮ˵ܲɷ֣Ҿ
ѹ󣬰ûپЩֻǹƣһ۾ɢȻ˿̵ֿ࣬еһз·ˡ
ƣңŮ˺ѹֶϸĺ
Ƽ仹жԷơȴУʵòξķһ
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಻֪룬ΪҪڣѹҶ
Ż񣬴̫룬ʵɿ֣û֧һؼš
Ͼ˵Уû̫⣬ûκ쳣
ͨϣڵرر壬سرſš
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ĵطɽʯֵһưլլԶһƬде֡
ɫһݣ֣µʣȥ
ϱݳգϻذƽʯ⣬˵ѣ׼ǧŵ֮йء
歲Լ˵ЩԣΪô˵ã˦˦βֿͣ϶صͷȥǸլˮ
һ˵һצӱȻǳˮʲôķɺɣرϵľޡϲ;ֻ˵ǰɫʯͷͳùֵֹޡ
䲻֪Ǵլ﾿ʲô歽ϸ಻Ҳû˼ǡ
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ҪȥǾգҪǳ⡭
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ǾߣܹЩڸɽҲ˼

δһ˾ͨ󷨴ӸɽִٰΪ˵͵ûȥãȥɽһջǱͽڴ˽ӦϹϾغǰ
死γ˻ڶУͬеĻн֡顢Լʵ׵ĵӣ齫ȮҲǽȵֻˡ
ȮޣѩףһĨʺӡǣ˶⹷÷ཱུģͲ󣬲ײǺɰǾ쵽ͬޣһֱŰ歴תɾҡβͣԴȡ
ɽ궼Ըӽϲ˵׽ˣܵسȮʾѶԷߡ
ûʲô˾ЩŹˡ
ֺЦӵ⹷㣬ƽʱģһҧˡ
ȮƽģڶıǽɢԸ֣ȮͲͬˣСһö˻֪ڹԼǳŽ־ͶݺݵؽС


߯һб赭дƳ飬̧ȥȮǼˣҪҧ
һһδ֣ˮƵĴ·ɢջ컹Ȼס
歱ֵڣž飬бǽ֡
Ȯ򲻹֣ܺУ鲻ɵԭתתһƼ歾ڶ棬漴ƨƨ߾ܹȥ˷ܵͷȦ
˵ԸһסķߣίҪסȥǱߡ
֮
˵͵Ĭ歲ô࣬粽ؽš
ȮǵȥͰסػζβͣͦͨԣƽûôޣվ÷ͬ಻ףЩӡ
Ǹģʺɵʵˣյر˰ΣѧŷŽֵĿÿ
ԣüͷ΢΢
ʲôᣬ˵һͨ



27 ʴ
ϴȥķİƽأ ɽƶƫƧ ϡ٣ƴĵض ӪĴûңؽֶС̯λ һͲ֧ʳ һعէ֣ŵӲ𽥻 ϵĽϡ䣬 
ջеһҪϲŻж ֿȥ̽ 뿪ɽ֮ǰ˶װ׸ıò䣬 ٱ¶
ڿջʱնˣ ŴŰ歳ȥ ų緹ͷߡ
µǶʮͷӣƽƽ棬껪ͨ ϢڽϼȺУ ȥ̯Զ ȥˮ
ˮྵĿ˲٣ ʣһſӣȥռ
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֮ǰ˸Էȥ״Ƚȥ
ʯźһأѩأӲݴмһͤӣͤӲݡһ۾ܿȫûκر֮Ĵһȥͤп正ţҪҶҹȥһ¡
歱Ͳٹȥôһ˵ˣƼ߳ʶֹȥԸԼһ˴š
ûֹš
ͤȫ˸ߵĲݣҪǿܽȥһ沦ݴһʰϡ
ͤк󣬶˾һ㶡
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һʱûϵгֹĵط濴լʱдûôֱƼⷽأЩ֪λʲôͻȻָԺС
ԼѰŮ˱ƵرڣݺݿסӣŮ˵β죬к߳ܣԼʴˮɫֳ㡣ϢݵŨҸܣѪǶڳһٵˮ
Ůߵغֲۣص͵ѵˡ



28 Խ
ˮ  궯ӣĵЪֹ Ѿõͷ嶯ơ̵Ļɽҽͻ ŷ ڻţĥÿһ
ʦͽеȴԽʦͽ֮ĸеĽߣ ̫ öԷֲܣ ˵ĹأͨͨԽݡ
մˮϸָ̧Ů˵°ͣʹԷԼ ʦ𣬿ҡ
Խ
Ů˱ʹӡ
ȴ͵Ц ǵóһ㣬 Ů§ȥѰǺĴ
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歶ǰ󱳣ȽŶʱ˲Ÿ±յࡣ
ʶ̧ͷȴŮֲ䲻ȵ˵֡

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ҲģɽΪլһܻ䣬˭ҽҴ˶Թ֮һˣûۼΪܱ೶һЩĪеļţһʮʮ٣ö֮ͳ¡
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鿴һȥݽУҲǣʡ
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ʶͷȥˮƳٶۣһʱûӦô£סֻнһ˵ĽӡȻ൱һʱڣû˴



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նʮһ˽լӣ ߶أ ֮ǧ̽飬ʱ䲻̫ã ȴûһ˿ټﵽԭеĸ¾ɣ ӣΪʲô
ˮĥԾ ʱһ
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ľʾȱ
类ͷһˮ 캮̹ǣ ˮƲ˸ Ѫ֣ͫ͵ؽŵǴ ׵ƤӶ˶
ô᣿
ڳ˶ýֽͶˡ
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˷磬ïܵҶ죬϶ѵĻѩϤµ亮̹ǡ
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ʱֱ֮ǰĻҪïܴɭɭģ⴩Ҷ£ڵͶ߲Ĺߡ
һҪͷ࣬Ȼȴˣֻʣֻվԭء
Щ񣬺һ˲䣬ԼС࣬˺ͯģ
ͬʱѵ



30 Ť
ǽ˴޻þڡ
ô޶ۣ Ҳʲô״ Զİ˾ֻ࣬ǰǸ 鹹ġ
ڵĴ޻þ֮ǰˮǾǸͬΪǿ Կ֮˵о歾ԣҪ뿪 Ȼ̧ȶܣ󷨵Ӱ죬 һɲǣ ϡŹֵļļˮһС
ȻԼ˵Щ ڵϵ
뿪һ֮ǰй£һ˫һˣ Ϊơ
ȥУ вΪر֣ ̻塣
ӣ Ҫؾࡣ
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С һ䶼ûȥ ٰԺڣûһ찲ͣ
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ʱİ歲ż꣬䲻ĸֵĺ壬Ҳ֪Ǳ壬ͲҪУһ֮¾ͳöԷע˳
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ҲӰ̫Īģ歺ȻɬͣرСƶһۡ
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ഹʣҪҪ
Ƴ£첲΢ɵƼ̯ǰŲѾõǻԥΣǵͷӬҪ
СۣʱӦգ
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ҹݶԺȥ෿¡
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಻⣬ص޻þ



31 
һ
޻þֹ֮ż˵򵥣 ȫ Ͼǽ֮һ С컯ֻһ ҪԻģ˵ʶ ʹ֮Уȫʧȥҡ
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֮ǰ ˵ ޻þҲլſڣ ǰȴ˵޻þֱϡ
򴽣üϸ˼⡣
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ͻȻֵĺǼٵģĻǽһþķӣ˷ֿס
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ǰĬԵؿһֲۣźۼջߣսġ



32 
þʱһ࣬ ʵҲʱ ޻þȷǺ˵ķӣ ȴһһһգ һʱԻԷֱ档
ǻã ֻͷһУ룬˿ͷѣ ˮƾջˣ ÿ˶һУ ֪ԼӿջԺֱһΣЩͿ ˼֪ΪΪ٣ һŽ
ҲǼٵģԼû޻þǰԮǼ٣һҲǼ٣ȫá
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ӹҩˮƽŽɣȴûԡֺЦӵþ˰գҪǲţʼ䣬̽١
ˮ飬ǵתתڻعˣ̾˿ڰ֣أͷˣֻе۶ѡ
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ƩΪڻþ޷ԿأΪ鹹ĻþأʱٵȵȣżϽܵĲͬ
˵ȻͽԼĲ²һһ֪ȫ͡
޻þϹ󷨣˶˽٣ܵصıҲûֻ̹ƾ贫ԣʰȡһд֮ȵʿ͸ˣ㽫еļ¼ʵ
ȻһأĴ޻þϼصȫһ£Ӧ÷ΪüأһֻͨڶȻʶ޷Կأȥ԰ΡںûҲ¶ۡ
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󷨻ʳʶԻᰴ֮빹쾳󡣡ֵһƬҶ䵽ͷؼ˵ʷô࣬أڻþмʲô
ɦɦͷЦ£ʵţˡԼʦһ˵һµλñȻôߣھݵéݷŮ죬һȥģϾסׯյȥѧöأûߵ˽ſڣˡ
һʧ䣬Լû˵꣬ЦЦֲ˼ġ
СǽھģʱݵƤͷӣȺﴩȥ۴
ˣּĶģСײ֪£û˶֪˾ϧ̸֪࣬ȫš
ַɽСӶ໽лһ·βҪֳԵģʵǷˣû취̾˸ͷȥͱˣۣΪͽ
껹С£˾𽥶ˣԼҪҵѾȥԾֻɢûҵԸȥʵ
ٴμͷ˵ĸо֮Ա
Ϣ⡣
ֺǺǵģӾеˣ֪ôݡ
ˣбߣžһô򣬡ˣͷˣҪʦ֣п㻹ЦЦó
ʹȴû㿪ʦأ˭ˣ
̫ˣȫ̹˵Ҳʦ棬һЩˣǣ֮߰ġ
ʣǼ𣿡
ˡ
ʦأ
š
лС
ֲͣЩ
ͷǺ档
ҪôϽͷԡʱֲƳԱߵ飬ԷĮĵرվţڿʱͣסһתרʦ塣
ʳָžƺ«νס
ƫûɫʣôˣ
Ƴ۴µˣ֪ں߻ǽʵ˺þȥٽԺʦʦȵòʡ£˶ӰˣӶòȣϣűߣﻹűĵţеԳñ߶߲ˡ
Ϊ˻˵ʲô֪ҳʱɫ
޶ۣˣȻأ
ӹƬ̾Ҫٺ˵һ䣬ָЮסһƬҶϮٿشӽɹЩ˵һӡƫͷƤشչȥҪϷŪǻԷŸġ
飬úݵİʣƤˣҪǻɵø𡣡
ӣͲһ߹ȥȵԶ㣡
ȱЦóƤȳǽ
死ڱή֮Уˣ벻ЩУֻһš
ĲһӵĹ򣬲ʱͻˣһȺլȥ˴ͷβûһۣڱܻ䡣
һ·͵ǰĨɫžͲԾԷ棬һֱ粽롣
Ҳûٱֻܿǲᡣ
룬ੲݵ˲ٻߵլſʱЩãʽ֣ʦǶþмЩǼٵģ𣿡
ȷʵ̫ףϡǵЩʶȷʵЩģȻʮĻ䣬ʱСԼǴˣԲôʡ
룬ԥôش
ǰ˺˵þΪ飬ɵ档
ࡣ
ޱ飬˵⻰ʱûаĺ壬·ֻһ޹ؽҪĽ̵
Ӧʾˣлʦ󡣡
ûлӦ
üشǴģϾҪԻ˵ıģþЩҲġΪô˵ûо֪顣
תתһȦһլſڣҵģҲٷɢһȥ
լǰڻþмĲֻ࣬ûôø࣬ǰйأҲɭ죬ֻǱȽϳ¾ɶѡ
լҶãС˼Ժ֣Ŷ룬ź󲢲ɲɸɾլӦʲôţѩ䲻ҲûӲݣһڻþмûб
լţһ·ߵãҲǸưܵӣĴţǽߣͥͤͤǵĹ
֮ǰȫһͷ˱£һء˵ͷƿ
ϡ棬һ㶼ǰ㣬һǸ˾ӵĺõضһֱš
ûгźۼˡ
û̫·ֱһ¾ȥײϣ༰ʱܿЩ򣬿ɱһסʶץסֱۣЩɫ̫ڣȴû
ǡǡʱּΧû쳣ôҷͷھֻʣ
ػԾվӣ鲻Ըطſֱֱ֣࣬벽Զ룬Ķϡ
ûһ㣬̽飬ֱסȥ·ֱһ߬
ĵ¶ơȣþֻôһӴܽǶ̴ڻ
Ще콡ס繣󴦺ợ֡
ȴֲִţץίɲ֪˵ֻ歼ˡ



33 С
мž õĹɴй 䵽Ͼɵĵذϣ ˽ãջ֣ £Ӱسȥ
歹վУ һʱ磬أ˼Σ漴ȥ
ಽӲ죬 ֻǱȽϳĬ ֪˽ţ⣬ ҵָֻܿ糣ʲʧ̬
Ƴһֱʧصʹͷ ˶ɰɥ ΢漴ߣ սǴŲ䲻ȳȥԺ
̧ͷ Щľګãصš
ƫͷ͵͵࣬ Բչɫ Էƺûôˣ ˵ҲСˣôһ㡣
ոû˵Ļֻһ£ڽ͡ϻ飬ǵĳЩеĳЩеûĵ棬ֻľԸ֪ȤҲҪ˵
һ͵ãȻɫתôѿ
ۼⲶ׽仯Ͻֽͣû䣬Ǿʹס˺ܶ죬˵ţ͵۲ɫûŵ͵Ͳ˵ÿգ㶼ȥóԵġ
Ϊ˵ʲôҪ£ͷЩӣ΢Σһ
Ӧð˿ôִٲʱǰһȥ࣬µ߶ǻ׸⡢ռԹ˹ȥΣƲˣչռ⡭
߶߶һͨһͣȫɽϵĳʳ
ϻͦɫʲô˵ʲô˵˵һѷϻͽ֡
ûпֱԲţŵ˵֪ˡ
ͻȻס䣬һ֮ǰԹ˹
ûӦǰߡ
ҲйЩˣü䣬Ͻȥ
ȥĻ̨ͤǶ࣬ƻþмӲݴͥоһⰻȻĸߴһ̨ͤʰϣ̨ͤˮء
ǳȷʵúɣֻþĲͬвǣˮ峺͸һ۾ͿɼɾĳصףرϿϡŹֵķģʱͨõȫȻͬӦǹ顣
رһľ޲䣬ȻӰ
ųת˴ȦϸϸЩ֣¡
歰һԣʲôָųرϵľ˵Ǹʯ
䲻ʯ֪϶ãμţ˾ࡣ
ȻѾֻ˵ͷ
̵ʲôʣජЩķġ
ҲԻص䣬õġ
ԭװʥˮѳΪһ̲õˮûʯ̵ķҲá¡ϸ׵ˮУ˽ʵڿϧӵˮͽ߾ûһˡ
һɶġ˵Լ֪Ķһһ
ûκηӦףš
ͬڻþоһ⣬˲鵽ĶȰ歸ࡣ
歲̫ʵʲô
ɾ֣ûʲô㿴
ʵĴƣû©ĵطֵܷ㶫ϧ˳ıͽп֮ٸɾ
վڳر߳˼˻ฦһ֣رЩͼһһ£ԷԼл֮֮ҲԴظɽ񻪳ǰо
ֻǸ꣬һӴҴҹ˵᷿һŹֵ󷨣øϽȥһˣ˾һͬȥ
᷿ԱߵĿͥԺУֺˮǶڣһ־˵ʶ㣬쿴ʲôϲʲóȻЩˣ򵥵úܡ
᷿Ŵ󳨣ȴһεǽبм䣬ŴŤһ˵С
šüϸϸ£Ҫ̽ͻȻŤԽԽֱߵİ歷˵ÿվ
Ϊʱбֻһͷת޴Ƚõȥһ˲ְѰ˽ȥ
밢ˮûзʶһڵĵסֱӱǿɣֵסˮƣһסԱߵĳӣץ
ˮץסֱۡ
鷴ӦѸ٣ֵԵ˶ס
Ȼһ⣬ԭվпڵİһʱͱӦ̫»ζ£ûüסʲôվȾͱȥסչһ޶۵Ҫ£һѶ֪ץס
һϢ򣬰歾ûӰͬʱеɸŴоˣȥһɲǣпȻС˲仯Ϊޣһֹƽ
Ҫ׷ȥϧѾˡ

ʾͷ֮䣬˭ûϵ
鳷ס֣Ψֳ⣬ȥ󷨻ڡ
пڱպˣ󷨻ԭأɿڵһƺƴ󣬲֪˵ҪѵöԽֺɫһأʣµ˶£һ˱ţȳ˵
Ͼദô꣬黹Ǻ࣬סʣµ˱ʱţæס档
ڣпȥˤһţ䲻žŵأʱʹ
ȥסΣջǳˡ歲ûͬˤһţһ˦ϽɫŤġ
Ƿ̨ͤˮеֲͬڰ歽󷨵һ˲䱻ϵģδϲʲô
ûˣײǽֻʹŽɫֵĿںǧʯѹס˶ܵýɫĹһţס
Ͻȥ正
ַĴɢܣһεϽ歰ڣκ˿
൱תӲƿ
ǷգۼЧãƿǰʧˣһǣסһ˵ͬʱʧ
̶̼Ϣ򣬰歾ٴξһʹǷǷĵӣݺιһأʹιȥ
ཫ歷ľ
ûʲô£ֻ˶ѡ
ǻûعվﲻ֪Ҫһ巿ȫò󣬺񱻶סһ㣬۾ɵԲ
᷿ҲǽǣһȺڱµ˶һһûĥͬ¡
ǽʧٵЩӣ
ɵˣԱߵõҲʱסһŵغʦ֣
һѵУұǸƤѵ˾ˮƵĵӺӦˣȴûӦֻ̧̧Ƥӣⶼɢ
ǧŵˣˮڣҶΪѾˣҹôΣһֱڴ˴䷿
ƼĳȫסˮƸæȥֿЩ˾ʣһţȥæ
鱾ҲҪȥģʱֱԺǽж漴һкݻȥ
ϧûУǱڰˡ
ɫһݣµ˵ȥǣȻԾǽͷ׷ȥ
᷿ڵûչ˼ˣ̽°歵ĵ˵ֱˣȻǸոǸɫ֡
Ļӣ歴԰ƽϢһºĵ
չ˽Щӣûôע⵽ߡ
˱̫ãҪǿΪǿгţմٹȣͻˣҲûõȥÿˮƼʱ˹ٲƨˡ
ιˮҩַԸ
ǡæǰ
ֻ̫࣬ȰŻһٽǴؿջֲæһ̧ͷͷͬ歶ˡ
ʦأһ٣תʰ
һιҩһصոˡ
ûʱֻ̫࣬æ¡
뿪լѾǰʱ󣬱ʱˣû׷ˣԷ½Ƕû׷־Ͱ˸ˣֻȻ
һصջǻƻʱ֣һ˳ȥ˳ʹˣתɾȻؽڵҲ̫ʧܣϾ
ȴ˻صջһֱڷŲ³ȥȥţȴýſн硣

Թȥİ正ûǰȣû̫ķӦ
˲ȥſס˲û˲ͣ¡
ʱ֣ȥһˣҽҪĵʱǡǡϰתѡ
ֻǾŵʱ䣬ڴϰ歲˱壬Сˡ
ֻаô
ŵʱѵشӺصıһëβ͡
ʵ̫СֻӾͷϴľֱӸ̱ˣκûվȣ˲浹¡



34 
Сĺëң Եצ̣ βƺЩ ܵӴСˣԶԶȥ˰ëӡ
Ӧ۵ùǺ ֱͦͦº󻹳˿ Ȳس鶯¡
ƼһĻĬȻ˼Ƭ̣ὫŹϡ
ʣ αС϶ǽɫĵµģֻǴϺ񻹲֣ ֱٻޱ
عȥڴվʹۣĬá
Ծˣ һű˪飬 ׽͸ 񲢲䣬ֻЩ䵭
ЪİƼ˻ˣ ʵض˶̾۰
˵ ߻չצӡ
Īе ۵òУ Ķ츲һأ Ƥ͵ģڳӯһůĴζ·ȫľʹΪ룬ƤӶˡ
û˵ȥ׽סϵצӣĶƤת̽һܡ
ûˣ棬һжȻ
̫ΰѵţ˶ԼʲôһŲܣֹʱ˳ƱסԷָǵز䡣
צӵĴСȲ̴ָǻ۾˺һź֪ﲻԾ𾪴͵̧צƣɵ㶿Ƥݵ֣ŵβһ˦˲ըë
ڷԼСˣֻô󣬼վԭشת罫֮˿ʱֵؽס֡
ôˣ
ҪҪˣ
ȾȰ歡
ϢûУԼԼ
þɽûʶֻ֪Է˯ͷһ£ΪʲҪаʱµòС
չ黹̫޶ۣװҪ
ӽͣ䲻ȰãϲǿʵǷϵ̱һΪġ
㿴˵
ãӦš
һֱԼıܿأ⣬䰧ġ
ཫĵǰóˣѪģ֮ڣȥҲãԹ԰̾Ҳգû;ȥ˽õڵһأҹ˾ʱ̫㱨ɽ
һҹ歳˰ŵҩ˯̫Сͺʵޱʵڳأѹϴܣߣ˯ġ
һȥͻȻ˸˶ֻС꣬˴ҵע⡣
ŰȥҽʱȻϸϸ˺һŸȷֻϵİëԼǸᲦŪºԴʵֻʺꣿ
ûվȣôһббˤضŽ֣ǰһݺʾСÿǵûһ˿ԣͷԵġ
ǷЦŰëܻţǵûϽ͵ٴһıⶺˣƢԻôװͰ͵ģ϶ˡ
ϲȥ²ŻѪֲ˵ֻû࣬ί໽л
Ƥ֣ˣô¡
СҲô֣һ⣬ˡ˵Ͼǲͣ٩һŸģð歶Ҫһצӡ
ס歵ĺ󾱣ֱץƿ歵ļ±ʣ˵˵զŪġ
ûʵֻ˵ͻȻңЩȥԺˡ
ֵûʣϾԪԪԭǸʵ飬ɫأϸͷżһȴԪû⣬ҲûˣûɵļһʱûƳȻ
֡أ߶ĵ²鿴Ȼˣûûʹ˳ӯҲġ
ؽַڰ歶Ƥᰴ
歸ճСͷŵûţ۴СԲҲҪӲŵɤ۶ڱ͵һθʱЩûס
ԾСȻϳܲסò㷭ۡ
㶣Ͻÿ֣û°ɣ
צӱסƤصԲ۾
ˣӦû¡ֽСķ¡
һţȴϡ
ϸϸ鿴Σ룬ã˵αСûУֹһжģΪʧµġЩҸʦεϣһƵĲΪǿΪƫ·ҥԷ˴ϴ赤ң㱬ǿѹסܲˣСʦƣͨһûʹָ֮ԭ
һ˵ԼʦüʵƳϣ
ֵͷЩǳˣƳǷһߣȥꡣ
˻ˣǰҴȥ·ϣ˳ʹһ£˲һӱСģܾЦ裬̲סʳϴ赤ԸѪò
ⷬΪˣѰ歺һһ㶵ģʲôѪŵͫ׽ҳһ£Լвͻҵ
׽ϵı仯ֵɨɨ΢С
ոջôᣬͦϧģôˣ
ֱͦ壬Ӳ
֪Ƥǹڻˣʣôˣ
ٿ۰正ŪºͷصܱģӦû̫££һӾˡ
ɿµؿࡣ
ע㣬ֽⲻ㣬Ȼ˸ɽٰ͵ʱٿ˵Сİ״ƿһݸ࣬񵤣ԣûιһţȶԪõģ޺
°״ƿ˳ֽһѳ֮ǰš
뵽ʣûйʲô쳣
˶٣ϣûС
СЩ˵µİ״ƿջȥɱŪӣȥý
Щ໹㽻ϵҲ歵֪ಢûʵӵ£һ᲻ϲЩ֪飬ʵһֱģƽεɵ£ֹͷǻ۶ⷬί㡣
öûпֻеİӡ
ûЩ̸ĴУǵצӱסָԴ΢ָ⹰˹ϴˣ¸߸߹δûգҪ˶״򲻶
ԷԸ̸ʶȤӣֹڴˣ仰Ƶϡ
ҹլӵ»û׽Ƕˣɰչšһͬȥʾʲô
ȻĽõѾת٣ǰӵľϸ©˵һ顣
ԭ֮ǰ²һ˸û£ֻǱгȥǲ֪Լڴ޻þ˶ãм䷢ʲôһѺլ᷿ˡ
ʱѾҪֱһ֮Уô޷뿪ֻԱһѣҪˣɾʱֵ˾Ԯ
˵ЩȽϴĵȦ΢ģڰյôã֪ûͷֻܵ˭ѹ߲סˡ
ʲôˣʣոȥ׷ˣϧԷˣֻЩˡ
Ȼһڵӷ׷ҡͷʼնϡͿģļʲôˣլд˼ն
ҲǣܣͷβĿܻǷء
ϵѷһɻ㣬˼ûˣҲûʲôֻΪǹˡ
լӣΪΣѲɾǾ
ֺζ벻ͨˮ²ԵɣʼԽ£ְ֮ѷǣĿġ
ûгͷеİëӡ
ʵѲµȻйء
뵽þЩ⣬û̫ͣã˽⵽µ뿪
صιˮιҩЩȥ
ԼĪîʱһˣԺȥһɽã鶼һȥеķ֡
İ死ͻȻ״˸Ĳװȥ䷽Я
歰Ͳøȥڲš
ʱҹĻ׽٣Ȼ齫Ȯˣô
ɽڷˮڴջԶܿ͵ˡ
һֱڴУж㣬浹ûȥģҲܣȵִúٿشӴ̽ԴֻצӵڴڣӭЪЪ
ˣֵƵĹլá
ÿնϻҹˣŨش̱ǵֽǮζǲԶĵطŵǿʯǽ֮ǰ˵ʯ



35 ʧ
ҹɫ ƾİ¹ϡƼʯϵķģ ų꾭ܷ˪ʴ ʯֵѱĥò࣬ ֻʣǳĺۼ ʯ·ȫ绯ˣ·ȱʧ
Щ̨ͤرϵͬһ֣ǼʧĹ飬 ҿ˶ǿϵǿ̵ݡ
һǣ ֻƾʣֲ´⣬ Ĵ½ǣ ܶǰɽ򻹲ɽ򣬽ƾʱ̫ƽ˳ Сలҵ ӹ̹ӺͰͻȻɽ鱩 һˮϯ ʧأ ˶ʹްʱһλ֪Ķӳ ľߣ ؽӡ
Ϊּף Ԣ¿ˣ ؽƾΪɽ Ӻʮ꣬ɽ޽ãλʯϼһʾƾٵǡ
ڽ֮ǰ˵Ĺһ£ʯҲмأǼģ䲻ȫʣȼ֣˵顣
ཫһһ¡
ϸĦݣɻӺͰꡭ
ӺԢƽ˼ţǼ¼ڲǧλʯϵķЩαǰԲģȱʧĶ࣬ƾһ޷ȷһꡣ
ʱȥôãǰöȻ޹֪ٻˣĻеżҲѹϵ˶Щ£ָﶼˣôܻ˼ǵá
ҹţʯ־Եرտƽվž͸䡣
ƤëʵϺɽϴ̫ãӭһʶ䣬ЩצӶջȥֻ¶Դ
걮ģͷƣֵĶ˳˿񵤵ȥףݣָǱ
ëʮԾҩ͸æ죬צӶ̧һ¡Ϊ̫СҩԵ̫ţһ̲ȥҧУ歱ȫؿеҩ
ƼĲһһģһţජ˻ֱ鿪ں⡣
Ƚȥ棬ܲҵʲô˵Ȯǰͷ
Ļϴ⣬˶ȽϽ̽һȷٽȥϢҹס
ҹǸ׳Сӣ໹㺩ʵ˯ֱ֮һ˯ȥͷ˯ֱֱԡ
ۼֿ콫˽ס˷ڹƷſš
ڵζҪŨҲ٣¯յϵ㣬׵ƣŤֱɢõĲòһдӼзƣһƬȥ֯}˵ġ
˭˶Խãйµ˲У⼸깩ɽ֮𾴵֡
˲ϻ˷ʱ䣬һ͸Ͻжͷҡ
з׺͸ֲӣͷ¼ĶЩɽĴ£롢ĳطشǨȵȡ
굤ҩİðԴͷеĲӣȻЩƣȻþмĳǷסְ¡
²ӡ
歰ڿڴϣС˵
˵Ļþе£üʲô
֪ҡҡͷǳֵģոŵܣˣͷ˼˻˵ǻƽõġ
ڻþмĲЩôһ˵˼ȴʱٴοڣ Դķ׭̹歡
ɻǵôʡ

ֹȥ歾ſнԼǵõĶ
Ǳа˳õİþаѧĵһ䣬츳ķһΪ˻ûٰѵӡ̣þ󶼻ǵһ
ʶϻʲôüͷšøˡ
ͬиԵĶҹͬǰ꣬ʹȴͬо񣬼㶼ǻҲһʦڣ߳ʹĹİģ̫һŵĴͳ
ʹþе鶼Ǽ󣬿ЩȫǼ٣Ͼ鹹þһĸݡ
ôģûмǴٴʡ
歿϶صԴûС
Ƭ̣Ҫʲôʱ༰ʱסָŽþô󣬷س춼Ѳ˶á
ʲôûУʡ
ƽҡͷȮԹű£ͷƼеİʱ˷ܵҡҡβͣؽС
歲ϲֻԲķʹһزС
ΪڸԼ棬Ȯ͵վתʹ뽫ϧӰ쳤צӶ齫סҷֻŲҡβ͡
ûдɵʣµĲӷָֺ飬ðŲ鿴
Щ飬Ȼһ
δܿ뿪
ֻǵߵʯضסֺɻΪͣ£ʱԶͻȻһӰ˵ټ죬Ƿ֡
ԥģһȥһ˲ûӰ
ͽֵΪʶӦЩʧһ̣ͳһ׷
ȮʱóظܶȻߵľʹȮٶ죬һץס֣˴ȮȵˣȮ͵缲һѭζظȥϢʱ͸ࡣ
ǱڰеݣŵһˣʱߵС
ؽ󣬵û֪صģרǵע⡣
źİۣͷֵʵʵϴһᱡߣʵòֱ治ŮҴţȴûֺɼΪ͡
ýˣƼкᣬϳǸˣûе϶ϾʿΪ˶ĿбŮƾòж
Ǹˣ൱һϮȥڣһеס˵ȥ·Ȯϵͣ˺סݺʾͽС
ܱ£һ㲻⣬ȥܿһ˹վֵ̧ͷʦþò
ȻǸˣһʶࡣ
ಢʶˣ˭
ԷֻˬЦЦƺٴγͷ˿ǣŻһ꣬㻹ӣһû䡣
ʶˡ
ֻвûغϵˣЩύġ˲ȴûģû˵سһָ޵ĽʵȻ˵࣬ƮƮһڷ
Ҫ飬ƫһ֣ĿɾͲͷˡ
Ҳη壬ЦЦоЩ죬׽͸
ĽֲͣЩ񲣬װŪ
ˣȴûһۣûκα仯ٵĲ
ֻ̽ԴԼöԷ
ˣΪΣ
ջĿ⣬ɢΪΡ
԰գ̧ۿǳլе¶ģǹ
ԣйڣ಻ɾ裬ɫƳǱߵ顣
ᣬԱ˼˳㶦֮ƽΧм䡣
֪ǵоȫȻ⣬󷽷˵ûС
Ľֵãоˣ棬ʣʲô
Էȴ˵ˡ
ʵʶûã˵ʵģĿĴ֮ǰᡣ
ƫͷƵ½֣һתƾҪȥһȥ˭ֻ֪һתץĲ
ɫһݣˮһ̴ؿڣһеġ
ȻȴоʹƵģ޳ֱֻӽѴеİ歽ߡ൱ץסëɾһ˲䣬ԷЦʦڣ
ȻŰëӺȻӣôʧˡ



36 
͸ؿڵĳûһ˿Ѫ Ҫ˸ӵĲţŶݵĴ򶷾ǻþ
歱ߣӦȮ СʧԼǰʱһ飬 Ӵ䱸طſڵϣȻԾǰɻֱл ʹѩأҰëӡ
Ӧб һ пʹ߰正¶ߣʵС ͡
ʧǰصᵽ ȻҪȥ Ҳ߰歵Ŀġ
ͷһôŹֵ£գۼӰˣֺ鶼Ȼеĳ֪˾׶Ը϶׷ˣֻʣô죿
ޱ飬 סָ΢ս
ԷҪͣ ˼Ȼ ȫ֮ƣĬ˰ΣԲջسɨӼžһȦ֣صȥ


ٰɽǧԶ̣峿ܵɽ½ɽֺ鴦ಢûȥٰǣˮһǧ
ϾطںǧŵĺʧٵĵӶƽ˽
ǲͨˣûô򵥣֪֮ҪȥˮƸȥϸһա̫һŹϽĵ̣йڣˮȥֻ»ֳ鷳Ϊ˺Ʒԣǽи
ʦˡ
಻
֮ˮ֮Уô˲Ƶٰ߽磬ʹ˷ֱ
ٰ߽нǱ߾̫һŹϽ֮أ˺ͬһɣվִܵﰲһȦ歱ա
˶Ϊ˾Ⱥ꣬רʱд㣬ֻΪ˺正಻ᱻǣűߣΣңʩʩȻĻķͤţٻ·̽׵ڰǡ
Ĵ󶼳Ǹһ䲻ֺ׳ΪŶĻ񣬻ľԶʿȥ֮һ
ǵĲֹһλʮĴֻԷˣ
еģƫݣˣլʺ;ǳʱ·ۣɫǲ԰ۣ·ŵڡ
̸ƣ౳ô飬ͺæֵЩ
Ƴװĸɲҩܣлˡ
ƣһһͬ߶ǰӷˮɿǱ߶꣬˰¼Ҵ壬⻹ûأߣ˵ǰ춼ˣҲ֪ڻܲܽȥСֵܣ캮ضģʲôأ
̻صѧ
Լ˿̵װһ£ƶ鲢ϡ棬ܳ
ֻʣʶΪէ˽߶߶˵һͨйذĻԼɫиȥĶסŸˡߵſʱĳץҩҵסĵطͰȣȾߡ
࣬⵱ڣмǱ塣
ûƴǣ²ҩʱСĴ֣л
û㼰ʱʱ߲ɢٸҪǣ̫һɽͲ
˽Ǻֱ𣬸һߡ
Ÿɲҩͽȥ̫䣬ֽ·ƶȽϻӲһҡһڵģԵñϵء
ͽ֣ǹٸͳһβĵط
ֱֿ߽ڹսǴһתƲӰһǳһŲѩȥ
ɽ䣬絶ӹΣϵϡ٣壬һ·û߶Զʱ̫һŵĵʿЩ˶ɽ˾βġ
ֺ׵ֲֹ߳εĺ־߲Դͷ̫һû㼰ʱճǻ˲ٵӹ֮ٸʱΪʶǵ⡣
ĬţеӰڴϷۡ
һ̫һŵͻȻסͣ£˵к£
ۼ⣬ʣ㲻Ǳˣ
ǣѧողŵ
Ҫ˭
˵βݣմޣȥһ
ǵ֪βûմ޵˼ңϸһûκ쳣ͰڰַУЩȥܿҪڣڽϻˡ
ǰߣֱߵβĿջ
һȺ˾ڿջԶģ˵찲ڵ־š˼Լҽԣʧ˲Σ춼ûҵˣҽֱ͵ˡ
СҲǵΪ˵һ춼Ҫ͵أס
ɲǣٸǱϷضûޣӰӶûһԼǵ˴ù˴סʹ޶
ͣùԼҸԣǵӾǾţһëʲô¡
ɲô˵һҲǮǮסô޶ġ

Ⱥ۲ݣм⣬еûţһͳҳҶȥˣ֮һѡ
ಽӼȺǰ·Щ֮ڶûջǼǰ
β˱ȳſڶЩֵƻʱ̣ҴЩ
ǰﻹϤƹβӲ·ڷֵȥ
һڣǾ֮УҸϨƣֻѲߵĹٱ̫һŵĵӶûٳ
ʱԼճţѹ֣еļҶѲߣĵƻȱĵطҪãΪľϷ
ԼүöŻѪˣר͵ңְҹˣÿض˳ʾһΣֱɷˡ
СԷ޵͵ߣȥүĵ׹Щʱ˳߲ү޹ϣƽر˹ܵýЩ˽ǮðɣȻ׽û취ֻܱߺȲ߸ɵۣϣеļҶܽС׽ס
ǰĹԷϰҹٻһΣүԸȥһҪϷֻӬܷŹ
ȻԤĲһϰҹûκζû
үѰԷֲԷˣ׼ܰ׽ס׽סһʧŽƵȵʱһֱûг£Է˿ȥЩ˯Ȼû¾ͱˡ
ڵļҶ϶·ཥɾ衣
ҹһԸ׿ռŰڶ˶Ъ¡
ʱԺǽͻȻһĨǳҵӰԷж죬ԾԺǽϣѸݶȥ˹ˣԸĵƲʮϤȻ÷ɿ죬һʹԺǽ᷿ܵסĵط
СǿƬߣɵУ˳˯֮ĴңҵǮĵط͸Ͻҧסһӣ˳ǣ߷˵壬ᳵ·Ӷ뿪ִԺǽ۷ԭ·ȥ£ҡھߡ
ҹɫŨûҹ̫ھͿֻϡƼģˣ磬ѿԭеò
ϵĽûˣ͵·мŲŲæţһӶЩأˣͷӺ建Ъ˼ߡ
֣߳ⲻ֪ǳҶһӷܣ֪ͦҪƹѲߵĹٱ߹հܵͽ֡
ʱͽֲط̫ͣಡ̫һŵĵӺ͹ٸæýŲմأͨﵩæ
û˶ĵط꣬͵͵ڣȺϢؽһϾɵӣǱſ÷ǻ˼ҡ
˵ķõģһҪ滹ɾʱе˯£ֱȥʳϣȽӺ£ٷҳʳ
ƼзŵͷԴ룬ƺھһӺԻٸͷ
ӺֵΣֻ֪ЩԻԵģ˼˰죬ǵԼֻԵһͷǽ£ö̴צӱͷ뿪
⻧˼ңû̫ԶͷƵԶĲݶжš
ǾסĵطɲݶѳɵѣůͣҲᱻ˷֡
ȥ̫ˣڿԻųԶˣͷк˿Ȼɲݶѵ£һвžѡ
һͷ̫󣬳Բֻ꣬˰µĴʣ˯ٳԣͿٳȥһˡ̫ͣſ˯ܣչצţ۾
ݶԶĵطӰѾǳɫһ·Ըǻ˼ٵһֱڰС
ǲݶûˣһⲽȥĮȻؽĶһץ



37 ִ
ʵܳԣ һûԸƤŵùԲӲĹĵġ
Ҫ˯ͻȻͱץ Щ£㶵ɴۣ ԴϻճɲݣƼǰ˵Ȼһ צӾҪˡ
һ˲仯Ϊԭҡ
ס գգۣ˻Ÿȷģצӡ
ֻģŪԴ
˲ع ֪סʹ䣬 ί歵˺þá
̶û ϳҴڣ ϵëˣ û˵ģڹһ㣬ɢЩ΢ζȫȻԭ
ôҵ ȫʶٷָ ϵڲеëһյ վữһǳ׷ټ
һֻͨ˷ӣһã⽫歲Ĩȥټʶٷ޴׷١
ô׾ͽҵЩϡ
ཫСУѯô£ӳġ
ˣ£͵ϲˣ歽͵һƨ£צӵģ˶٣˵歾Լˣһֱڵ㡣
ԭǰµ󷨽ڣŵˣצӺݺϣֱӽԷɢˡ۳Լǰøɱ񣬻һŻֽʱʱۣµһˣлԼĶѰˡ
ǰ뿪ɽͷһֻһӣûûȣ˯ĵطûУֻ۰Ͱŵţʱɽϴ껹ҪѰ
ϲ£޷Թڻ֪ܱ¶мͲȣ˿˾ȥոǻ˼͵Ժȡ
̹ԶҪ򣬵û˵ô׬Ǯû̹֮ƲȡȡأԶ˾ȥ͵ԼҵǮλСӻͷ廻ӣԱʳ͵ʲ
ȻҲ֪Ϊ͵ֻ֪ЩܻԵģ˾ˣһηڵĶûС
Ҳ͵£ãϲ̻ܽѹס
ϸĥЩʶмпõ£Ѿˣ֮ǿ˲ƵѾĹأԱî㾢޷ά̬˻ֽ
ֽƫŷӣȽϳΪԽԽǿԽױ֣ҲеձȴѪԭ
𣿡ʣðʳָ歲ֵצӡ
˳Ʊסһֻ֣ſֱֵϣƤȥҡҡԴûС
֮еĻشûÿſſţû˵ʲô
ҡͷûУһ仰û˵
ʮֹ죬½ǺȴʲôûֻóһŹֵҪװֻŻߡ
е£Էĸоǯ}ˣǱץžͻ֪ΪΣһ뵽˾﷢ë
ϵı仯֪б϶ʲʲôûټǸΪʣˣ
Դ˹ûУúõġ
ϾڴϣʱʱѲߵĹٱվﲻ㣬һ˼ȥջǽϷŽУڰҹǰС
ջǰҺãϷҪ㣬ѧݶµġ
歲ԸдţͷϵͷſţֻǰצץסԷ·ԥһֹԵȥ˵Ĳ
ζԶŲ˾ŵЩζһ㲻ԾȫȻ֪Լж࣬ǵӵذͰŲŰݡ
ÿƢֻ̣΢üͷĬš
ջǾǸʱֶǳžջŴţҹ˷ڹ̨˯öſˡ
ϢصУŴˮϴ
ȥǽѣëӻ࣬ϴζϴɾˮǻģ˵ëôϴס
ٴλˮͿĨǣ꣬歲צĨûҶˮԵ
żһһҲһûһ˵ʱǰ߶ڰò̫ãν
ĵһֱ㷲ֱ׽ȥҹ֮¾󴳽Ըϲ֪£ֱܵԶӷ͵ԣϸеĸСڣԶӾˣԶӺ˾Ӳѣ䲻һŰëŵͳһӴЩͷһ彫ëĳࡣ
ҲŵˣļƣŶ㿪¸ȾܣԸ߹հ˹վ͵ͽ֣ϡͿͽǰ÷ǼҰƷӡ
ƷֻסŹ¶ĸˣǼҵĺӲЩɵӲʹĵƣƼҲ£ҡҡλζʳˮι
԰歲Ż˸Ĳݶаѡ
ԸͰƷнȻͬǰ͵ǮλʳĸԵɣͦǳģԼ㱻ԶӴ򣬱ػ׼Ը͵ǿ
ãûˣȻԶнղ߲֮ס
˰歵βͣЩɥί˵˦˦ˮʹ
һ̳һˮûпֻڽŻкºβ͡ƺУæܿ
ˣʣеˮ
ܵˮˢûû˵ˮֹ꣬ϴæץסԷʹʹ
Ͼװί֮ˮĨǣϴò˾øӶס正СһʩԷ䣬ʪܵƤë˲ɡϴ䲻֮ǰǰ׽࣬ٸɾˣûζ
死ЩӦΣŤŤҪȥţֽֿ̧أϴһëϴţ˯ǰιһ񵤡
ط꣬Щڣȥ˯߶߶¸ûûˣһֱ࣬һڱϴһϷ֮ͣ
಻ϣƣ¾ͺۡ
հ死ǰ˷ྱ䣬ӣþ˯֮С
˯øЩһֱ۾֪ʱ˯ŵģһ˯ǳһ˯ñһΡ
ڻþоδ˵ڿڵ¡
ĹЩĻþԽܣðЩԺģɽҹûظһء
Щǲͬĳδܼģİ正Ѿ˵
Сʱİ¶Ƥʵ첻ͣɴԺȴ࣬Сӳ˸޵ŮӣΪ˴¶Ƚǿƣ䵭Įǳֻǰ΢ºЩ
ٸֳԵģܶʱ򶼹໹Ҫ֡
歵ڶգ൱ڷʮ꣬౸˷ĺ񣬲³һӲˣһ̳Ҷࡣ
ʦͽһô˵ûôԣºõľƵǺ˲١
ƽؼɿڣƣȶ˾Щκǰ正Ҷ඼ˣȴһ඼ûС
Լһִģôˣ㵱β˻ǻᴦ顣൱ˣվҪʦ뿪ЩпǻͶ
û˵ֱ̫ף֮ɽˮ·Զһ֪ʱ
ʦǺ⣿ִžƱһбζʡ
Դδܷ仰е˵ǰţĽ˶٣û˵ֱ̫ף̧ۿˣ˵ȥҪС£Ρ
歽ϵºͣ˾ƵָսףīпƽʵķƫͷӣֱʣʦҪߣ
Ҳ°뱭ƣôȥûʲôܽˡ
ǾҪ뿪ˣʣִҪ϶Ļش
û˵ĬԶԣĬˣ˼ƣû歡
ҲǾ̫ˣʱˣȵĻС



38 ʧ
ʱǻסɽլУ ʱۣոһյ ȻĿ
»Ǻͯİһ ûҪˣҪʦˣ ಻̫ĸܡ
ڻþУ 䲻֪ΪλˣĪЩܡ
õڰ死УǱϯϣ ȴһ˲䱻Էס
ֻ§סʣµľлްûκα仯 Ȳ Ҳûٶ °״ɾƱ ã Ż͵ʣˣ
˰úܽ ʪĴߣܸܵ΢ƾ ⻳Ұģʶ޴ӷӦ
̫ һֱۣѣЩ
歾ô§ͤС
ӰҡΣҶתⰲò񻰡
֪˶ã死ǽᱧͻط䣬಻ʤ֪еģȴûˡ歰Ҵñӣڴǰá
κ˯£ã˵Լ
ʦ𡭡
Ἣ̺ŹŨҵѹ֣ƣ֮ؽ籡Ļңѹסֻ޾طڡ
ûģʹˣҲûӦƤӶû
뿪ˣ֪ȥֱղŻ
˯ѺûҵˣҲûлӦΪˣڶڴʱſһ۾Ƽվǰ
ʦ𰲡歵Ա£͡
ʱûأһۣʣȥĶˣ
档ŲԸ֪
ϾСʱˣܻ뷨಻ٶʡ
Դ𣬰歾Щһˣǰǰ㣬˵ﲻͬɾǾˡ
ƫƫ歹ְδԽ࣬޶
ֵĸöݣܿͱѹĵף·δֹ
ڳʦǰһδ歳ȥȥıǰԶǧɽˮ·ζ̬
ʦϰʱ뿪ʦǰһξȥ֮ձ뿪֮ʱԭⲻ歡
²ΪΣǰУҲôһֱڽ̵ġ
ΪҪȥʡ
ûش߳һ·˵ȥҪǲԸ⣬Ҳɻط
൱ڿޣͬһ㣬ңһһߣʹ÷
ΪǲԸȥô˵νȥһǵõΪֹֻҪǿ޾У
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ͽʱһҲ߲˶Զɽߵ϶û߳Զʦͽ¶ޣ쳹׺һϰЪ
ٰûȵʱ򣬵졣
˯ǰûк뿪ˣ֪Ӱ
̫ԶûܣأڰŴҹ磬ﲻԶһˮԶ
ȥǱߣȴ歾ںС
˸ڻˮһˮϽ
źˮҹɫڵƲˮµĳֻܿ¶ˮϵ˫ǡ
ͬΪŮӣŷӵԭ໹ٿشܿ
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ʦ𡣡
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ͷ°벿ȫˮʪǰǡɽÿĵطס
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ͷԾɻ᲻СƳЩ⾰ʵʲôûɾһ뿪ȴ̧ӡ
ϻˮϸľʪˮؾߵµԲףмػ䣬ƽ̹ССȳƽȣؿ΢΢ˮʵòˣĵָ̧ǰ
ƼһĻͣ漴
֪ǴʲôڴʱЦʣʦڶ㣿
ȻλزϿһʱ˵˰죬סŵʧ̬ȵûС
û˿ǲΪ
歲⣬ѰζȻǣΪβϿң
྾üǳģڻͱһε͵קˮС
һ⧲޷ֹ
ĺˮôᣬˬĻȻ෴㡣ȣ޷ӣݶͻȻһ˵ҰԽԽңȻϯ

ܵůʱסûӦ
ˮУֱ歴
ʲôϡϦദôã֪һβͣٴ㶣þòƽ
Юס˿Ϸصں棬Ĵϵ͵˵ǰҲʦϴػҿˣںʲô
ϵ¡ϢʴӣƿˣԷֱ۶
ûԼָⶼܿƵز¡
ʦ𡭡歷⽫ѹüͣ΢ơ
ʪĴɲǼһš
ϴ趼Ƕǰˣǻ˲Ŷ󣬻ûӸߣһһֱΪʦʱ鲻Ҫ̣ʱæ
ſͳĲзֺʾ಻ֳܱ㲻Ծ£Ǹܲսͱ޵ĴӲʯǰǰϿ뵭Ȼݡ
歲Ϊƺ֡
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һݣҲˣҲΪġ

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ûж㣬˳ǯס˫֣ڻС
ôˣ歵ΪվͲǵǸܱһ͵סСޣξͲǲֻǿ
Ӧ˵ûʹƾѹš
ʦͽ˭ʾ໥
Ϊʦ̫ãŲΣҪͽѵϧһʿȲǿϾһ壬ǿϲ١
歰ˮߣѹڱˮˢصĶʯϣôϣ޳˫ȹ࣬Ӹµظӡ
ոմ򶷹һ˶ۣϢȵش
Ƶض̫ãЩƼشԼѱѹͷֱ֣ӴԷ
ϣ
ȴûʹûһζЦЦ
ﲻ֪ʱҵģɿɿ¶ѩļʲôƲɱһζ
ҹ϶ʪģűЩ䡣
ջǰȷˮֱֱ࣬˹ص˵ͽ֪
ǻǼ޴ӵ֪²ҲԸ¡
þеĳ̫ᣬ任ü죬£Ӷ߳ͷۡɽ򵽰һⶼûʲôȻı䡣
死ǳʦˣ˲Ը뿪ȻߵģһûУԵԵɢһԴ˽ããһ
ֱЩȥط˺С
Ϊٲһڰϡ
ʱлѲƵ괿⣬ףʧ˿ء



39 
þеİƽ㣬ʢЩ פذɲ̫һţ Ǳɡ
ûеڣǱɡ
ִĹżأ ǼĴɣ ֻϹŴսһۺͰˣ źܵµĳȫսµӳһɢɳ ڶսᣬ Դձɽ һ첻һ죬ֱȫɢʵꡣ
̫һ仹ŵʿ뵱ıվͬ ԶԶ磬 Ͼɶʢʱڿһɵλӡ
ܱ֮ȥħɢޣɹؾȥ٣ǰЩڷԭʦ ĴΣ˳ȼգ ֮ȥϺһޣ ־£ ɨħӻһգȥ˻ൽ
ֱЩ꣬δͣ¹ҹԼδκλӦȫ֮
ʦͽߵһģɳʦǰľ档
Լͽѹ£ûֿô
еԶ̫ʿһھСĿ飬ʹպյʦҲۣᷱʧǣδ룬Ϊƣûˡ
ֻû뵽ڰϰ正һʼδ
Ϊǵħͷԭһĳϣʱ޷ĵҵϣ̰أ߻ħԨΪΪһգɱ޹
Ϊξ¿϶Թ
ʦͽڱɴδ˵һ仰
Ž£뿪߳歾Ȼ׷
̫ò뵱ֱʱвͬΪأܶһ棬ޱӼʦ𡣡
඼˵ʱǺָܣٴμģģ羵ˮһץס
ξһת׽ħǶ¥У޷ľĵط
ԷϾ峤ϣΪߣħԺôΪ·һƫƫǲ׶Ը
׷ٴʱ֮Уѹס޷ʩչ
ȻеʿħҲ޷ʹΪ
峤Ͻƻ·ķӣȻջûֿܵס໹ܵһӰ죬ֻû뵽һֱڰǱΣվͳ˳У˺¡
ǳ׼ƾ˭޷ֿס
ǿס뿪ħˣס
ƻ궯벻еĿ
ס°ͣѰĴ
ͬˣ໹һ˿д棬ѳסðЩɺãջǱ˵óѡ
歵Ķᣬѹţеظʪ΢Ĵ
ͫ׽ԺһƬհף޴ӷӦ
ʼľǲǵģ޷ƣһˮİϮȻĸǽз߽ϡ顣
þ֮У಻֪ΪλᷢչһҲ©ʲôҲЩùͻȻһ㶼ʵ޷ظͬܣЩһļҺ⣬ᣬѪļ¶ȴƭˡ
ڻþʵĹδ顣ӿˮҪĸо
ʦ𡭡ôߵ͵ૡ
ȣʶ壬ϽķҲʱҪ䣬ϸܵ꣬ƶѾɫû׹Ͷ¥аҹ
谵Ϊⳡ޾..컣һٴڷӣӽУȻƳ죬ֱĿġ
ȻȴϾ˼ֲ̫ܹ࣬ƻΣôһȥ
ǱԻ̫أݵ̫ס֫ǣӺĴ°ͣؿڡûûˣһ·ǰвֹͣ
දһ£ɽžͱǯס˫֡
ûأ֪ǻʵԽˣϸϸһɶžžֱ䣬ʪ˴̨ŻҰ׵ǽһɹ»䡣
һľҡҷҶӭŷ걻ýס֦Ѿҡҡ䡣
ָڣץµı졭

˯еٿۣͷ
ʱͷѾĹйЩۡ
·ʪƾһٺľգĶʪˡ
ãšüͷӦЩֻԼΡЩĵĿ΢·ķ侲˻˶ӣһ۾Ϳſ˯İëӣʱ
þеİ봲ȫȻͬһǸЦһ޶۴ӣĻһ
ãȫٱЩ..ȵ޲ơ
þΪ飬ȫȻ棬ֻǱԻ˶ѡ
⽫ЩеĳǣֻõƴƩ籱ɣ峤ϵȣʣµĶԺ롣
ƽƿ´ȥһˡ
ٻʱëѾˣ˯̫С´ЩѾһҹ˯һ۾ԾϺˮʱԺظԼë
ҹЩĵΣ಻ô಻صע⣬һŲʲô
֪ЩΣһȥطϲõУһ߿аһǵشչȥֱһ㶼֪Ȥ
಻źۼܿԲ
ȫȻûзֲԾһʹԼ裬Ա˲شڵſţںͺǰצ£ɻʣҪ死ȥ𣿡
͵צһץϺȻǳǳӡӡ൹û⣬أʵغ˿ڲ裬ĬȻһŻص
歼·ɽ
÷ڵԸĹ鴦ˡ
ûӦ𣬺걭еĲˮŷ±ӣʼղػʱˣֻİģװȥ¥˷뿪
䲻֪ҪȥɰûʣУţż͵͵̽ͷһۡ
ǣ񳯵ľָ壬ѲߵĹٱ˲٣ٸûʩгŽо֪ߵһĻҳţǱҪڼаš
Űȥͽ֣Ҫ졣һ㲻żţ·ϹٱѲ߾Ϣܿʱ͵ִֿڴ
ṳ̂ͽ֣Զŵ̱ǵҩζýζ͸Ϊٸв˴оԾָԭסľҪôҹ뿪ȥ𴦣Ҫôڼﲻҳš
̫һһӹαȾİա
౾ҪȥͰһ鷳Ҫùȥһˡ
͵Щֵƣһ㹻ǻ˼Ұεϱⲻֻǲ£ΪǮƾУЩ鷳Сϰո޸ܣ˻»ˣþֵɽ󣬵ȫȡͻԸ
ǰһ·һϤӰǺһǵĴ򣬶ԷһŸɲҩβȥ
ûô䣬ֱ̫ɹůģЩӲߵú̫Э
̧̧ۣûаֲ̫̫ԶʼձһСξ룬û˷֡
ɣȥĵطҪȥͬһߵǰٰͣΣŻ̧š
ûҲò¡
ˡ
ʱű򿪣ǸŵСޣƺƼ͹ź㣬ܲ



40 
ܴЦЦ С޵Դص񡣡
С޽
񱾸ǸԢõƫƫ⺢еɵľګޱ ̧ͷſҲ֪ѿţ Σת飬 бʯ̳ɵĽֵܴһ¡
ϰֲͬ˵֣ ܴһûģļͷ ʣ㰢أֳȥˣ
Сְź ĵſյĽֱֱֵضʯ̳ɵ·棬һ ̽ȫ򿪣ƺܴû˵һתСܽݡ
ܴЩΣ ̾ š
⺢ˣ ໴ǻƲ⣬˾ܿԾˣ춼ӣͬĺӴͬ
ڰ˽ﶼ˵ɵӣӲԼҵһˣ·Զһ㣬ֵ߽һߡ
ܴߵſʱһʳ֣ܴţ֣صذѰʷ£˼£ȻСʹĴӣ϶˵ܲ
ԣưǼǳѵ£Ϊ
һ̧ͷܴ
ܴ£úӣˡ
ŤƫͷֲֻԾ½ǣƺǽš
Ҳǣͽһ͵ĺҰܣⷽСԺһ굽ͷֻܴŷ͵͵⿴Ŷҳ
ԳȥһΣż۸ԴԺͲԸš
㰢ȥĶˣܴʣһ㲻ż
ʹۣ˻棬̵ׯ
ӣãԽԽջ
ܴҲţһֽĶصݹȥº͵˵·ģǰ˵ϲԣִЩų԰ɡ
һʵʵĶǣֽĥãմЩ֪Ķཬӡӣžͷ⺮ס
СҪǰǣȴȥӣֻͷøˡ
ܴ֪ǲ˼ЦŲֽϵཬӡӣУš
Ǹģǣܴ˵˶٣Բٸ򡣡
ֱֻסֽĬûǱȽϸˣشͷԸĽż⣬Щ
ﲻڣֻܴȵţûκβͬ
ܴҲݹϵֻ״ӣӿʱͽɽҩˤˣֻʣ¶ĸգþٲά衣ʦÿ˿ǿǮȥԼڵǷݣʣµľӼҲ˳
Σڰпš
歴ſϣ˦˦βͣ鶢
⺢ɵĵشƣ֪ÿ춼ᵽԼ͵ԣʣµķ˷ϣܷŽУȻ歺Ѳõʳ
ӹƶٶٶСˣͷǷǳϡʳС֪歰ԣͿ˵ԼҪԣˣͻͷ͵˯֮ǰܵڽŰͷȥ
͹ЩֵǮֻǰ͸ԼĻÿζЩﻹ֪顣
ЩҲа歵Ĺͣϣֻﲻڵʱʱܸһ
Щ֪Ҫȡغʱٰⲻȥԥãʵʵ˵
Ķ͵ʣޱ顣
βͣ鲻ԸС˵ס
ƫͷϣû
ЩʱİҲؼңܴˣæˮݲ裬°˵ˡ
Ű뿪һˣеҪ죬ԼĪʱֻøҳ극ܴȥסǽַھǷǣϲڼЪϢֻûǮұ˵õס
֪ˣܴԼߣΪ死Ҫ歳ԡ
ͰֻһСڣǱ£ûйϢ䣬СӲصЩߣ¼ӡ
Ӳ࣬㹻ĸܾãҲ˻ɡ
һһȡ˶ߣɵߵͥԺУ死ͷƼѵذѶƵϷʱ㶣Ƭ̣ٿȥֱ
ûֹǽԼͥԺУ֡
Ӧʮֳٻֱצģɻ󲻽ػͷƼǰˣȵõɴۣЩ޴롣
¡ӣС歵ı㶵˵װס
Դġ
㻳ЦЦͻȻԼʲôæվϽǰױƵĽҿֽһι正˵óԵģװ׳ԡ
˵ͨ˵ʵ̫ѣÿһȽϷ
β£Ҳ֪Ƚ⣬̧צӰֱۣǳԵ
˸⿪ģЦЦḧı߶㲻㡭
ǳնὲѻ˵룬Ӱ١ûôȥòһ飬һû϶żҿ歽ˣȻ϶˯ž
ҡҡβͣȥԴģû˵ŵ
һǣհ֪Ҫ뿪ˣٻԼòŰѰëӷ¡
Ϳ歲Ҿôſ˻ǰצȻԼҪˡ
һԣһ仰û˵
濴ţʼûƼĳɵطֱͷЩӡ
ڵҲͼ󣬵õö࣬ණһͨȻɵģзִ磬֮ǰһֱȽų˵ĽӴھܸͬĺӽãҲ㲻ˡ
ֱѹģٶ಻ỹǵ뿪ûðˣռŵԺоֻʣһˣڳдã֮ط䡣
еİʧãĹְٷֱǰԼĶǳ꣬ʳЪϢһϣʣҪȥĶ
צȫգģȫȻ֪Ȥֱץסۣղ档
಻õüûѵһ䣬ֻȻ֮ػصԸ
֪ԼĻ죬ſš
ӺԸ
Сһ춼ûˣүѰܵýܾÿģ̫ϰߡ
û˯ǿŵȴ˵ĵʱԽԽȵƤӶˣڻûκζٲȻʮջ𣬲ͷ濴˿
ҹɫͷqqһƬ
ٵһʱ䣬¡
үֱͷƤȫˣͷԽԽͣſϣҪ˯ŵһ˲䣬һҵϣŵȥֱֱˤڵء
ʵһˤɰүˤ߻أʹֱ
ˣ˰
ڷѾС˸ϽŶ룬Ϊ¡
һƿţͼϵһΣȻ֮ǰﶪʧЩӵķݶϣ߲֪ʱƿģȻһ󶴡
ԣĿŵˡ
˳Ծѡ
ԸһʱտĽֵϣȻϢںҹǰУʧڽͷתǴ

컹ûڿջȻЪһҹһһ뿪ʱϻûˣűջ
·ʱǡ
֣߳䣬һԶǳˣֻȻԽͿɡ
ˣ歵ϣض
ճ歲ƳһĨϤΡܴô磬Ҳſߡ
Ƽ
谵¼ŵҹɫܴеıӰĿ



41 а
ٸ˽ʱ䲻ܳ룬 ǳȥˣûߵſھͱפصĹٱǳߡƺҪ£ǵóǲɣþòԸ뿪һֱڳŸǻʱʱߴĳǽ⡣
߿ߣţӵĹٱͷ ֱ£춼ûһʲôϽȥ ٲ߿ɱǲ˰
ǵ˲Щ ֵòɿ黹δٱǷأĿܻУ ֻҪ˿ߡ
ڰͰƼܴɥ뿪ƺ Զ ֮˵ģȽϵͳģ塣
ܴ֮ǰǰɫ԰ףһ۹ȵģ εߣס̾
ڳߣֱ߹һЩǲǵҪǣš
ǰǵʱ֪Ҫճǣ֮ڿ϶߲ˣִҪ뿪֪ڸʲôá
ǣóȥ
Ҫȥȥ
ͣ·аˣɿȴа壬ֻǱȽϽе߶߶ģűȽϯ}˶ѡ
˵û⣬һʼ۳ԶûǽϵİëС
һͿ˿̶⣬еţ˳һƨˤȥֻǰצץסĴָȵš
ഹۣĬǡ
ǷˣҪȥ練ƣϢ뿪ˡ˰ԺಢŻظɽƳߵСȥ
歲֪飬֪ӦҪȥԴʣҪȥ
¼Ҵ塣㲻Ȼ˵
ȴһ㶣ǰֻɥ䣬ȫȻû״ΪҪȥˣǡ
ʵͶ˵ģصջʹǣѯٰǱߵΣ֪ѾִﰲˣҪ죬ֻûǶѡ
̬Ƚϸӣ֮鲻ｻһ˵ɿа֣ǽȥɿǱ߻ϡ
ͨа϶ؽǳ֣ο̫һŵĵ̣϶Ƚϸӣ׽ɽǱҲайأ׼ǣѰ˿
ǵĶɿڽԶӱ߹ٵŰʱɿλڳ¼Ҵ࣬ó׳еĵطΪˮߣȫ룬⽻Щȫͣˣĵط
ˮĳ¼ҴһƬǽ壬Ƿ棬õģһֵĳζ
컹ûС·йȥûаţݲȵǰУʱι歳һ񵤡
ûΪҪ·ûʣɵУڼ仹ԺС˻
һۣѾ¼ҴԱߵˡ
ʱһƬɽͷ͸¶Щ¼ҴΧ̫һŵĵפأѲߵĹٱ֮ɭϡ
ûпվа
ԶԶƼ̫һŵв˵ģüиӸӣֻǻûȥ̫ͻȻ̫һſκϢȥ֮ûж㶯ȫ֪顣
歰ſϣƲ⣬ʱڵվţسǱߡ
ʱһ˵̫һŵӺȻץס½У˶ܿƵس鴤Ϻ;͹ֻ۾ɵͭ壬Ѫ·εסʺˡ
ԱߵĵӸæ˰æҪϧѾˣƬ̹ڵϵĵӾͬһ̯࣬Ҳֱ
Եа壬סħϾˡ
һؽԴྱ䡣
ޱ飬΢
ûãһһϢ߿ƵӵһߣҲǶɿڸ
Լĵطţķڵûظɽȸ
Ǹģ뿪Ժϸһٰʷϲ鵽йƾҲɽļأʷ̫Զ׷ݵϹŴսʱڡ
ʷϻдƾħңĴΪ޹գʱɶû취ġ
صļز࣬ʹʵ޴ӿ֤ҷһηˡ黹Ǵв鵽ֽ¼Ҵ£뵱ɽغϣƩ綼Ǻ֣ˮ󶼱ߣǿŹֵаû
ǲ鵽жˣٰҲãĵӻ︴Ű߿
°ҹʱģһǱ¼Ҵ尵飬Ѿ鵽аںδ
ɽɽŴ̫һŵǿзסˣְ̽һ飬ֽ͵ѹ̫ãͦõضɽҡģǲöԸ
ǻûаĿ̫һŵλϱһںɽţ˲óȻ
Ǳ˵ĵ̣ǲֻ²ճȻ̫һűϻȥûڣϾ̫һǧŽ񣬶ǧŹϵʱ춼Ͳ
嶯¡˵˼ºɽǱߡ
֪ǵӦƳϵİëӣУʣڳڲ鵽ЩʲôǸҵûУ
ûУ˵ðΣ˵һ飬Ѿˣʱû쳣
ˮȥĳ¼Ҵ壬ڻƽһжɵؽţӦǺֻţٸ˴󲿷ֳ¼ҴϢԳаֻһͨߣ̫ġ
Уൽ취ҹɶһ񣬶ԷƾʧˣѰ歽ߣȴģдͲܵ˼
֮ǰصǹġ
ɿڵĴˮɢ٣ӷǳ㣬ˮܻļɳڼľ³һСɳأĲľѱߴ룬ʣµȫߵᣬҲˡ
˵ҹ̫һȥз󡣡
ʲô󣿡ʡ
ʦǱȥˣϲԲŽʦæ
Ÿͣʱ̫һŵĵΪҪȥɳأû˾͹ȥ鿴÷ӡʲôϧˮɳسǸӣĻóԭȵģ鲻ֻý
һǶȥɽʱûţҾ͹ȥ̽̽˵á
ڽֺͰҪȥɽ˳Ӧ
Դûǽе㲻ԸҲһȥϧ񶼲һԼϹҲ
ԼĪʱ̫һǱˣĳϣԭɢҵĵĹǣ΢ЩʱһȺȥɽֻڴΧ
ŰǰɳأһȻټִ;ֱǴȥ
ɳԶڰϿҪԶСʵܴͬһ޴ĳ̾ſš
˴аħϢŨأºʲôһžܸоԾ
֪ΪΣܾǹϢϤӴʵ벻
ҲܵˣЩ겻·ʲôںԼִɼ
쵽ߵͻȻͣס̧ס飬ˣԾ
䣬Ƭɳٿһζ



42 
էһ˲䣬 ɲС ΧȺɽ΢ӵеˮһһҡΣ 
ûͣ ɳصºҪ ڱѹס ֻ޾طڣѲá
ʱСķš
ͬʱ̫һǱڴΧĵ֪⣬ ٸϹ һȺ˺ƺƵƼֱ
ɫһݣ һεĽʱס ɳûڱ ܣЩһͻᷢǣ ֻӦˡ
һԵ龯ؿ࣬ ϷĶ
ãϣٴθܵɳǹϤٻʱ Ӱľ䣬 Щë ܸоﲻ жڷȡ
෢ϵĲԾ ɴʱ˿̹˲ô࣬ת̽ɳأµʲôȻãǷ󲻽аȥơ
Ͻջжϡ
̫һŵĵѾϹнڵǿɳˣֻƼ͵ضɳɶѵĶʯס䣬ط½
ɳз󣬵¶ȻӡʲôɲĶ˶⿿ֺϾвǹȥСġ
һ곤ĵӻǣû̫ңۼɳԽԽͣæɽȥѰ¡
סǱߣҪ׿ʣµ˸Ͽ첼󣬱ˣһ߽׵ӺȵںӰվλҪһǿѹȥѹҲҪʱȳϹ
ɳϵƼ̫һŵʵף̩ɽǰȻһ˿ŶûС
ϵİëӶһж㲻ģز࣬ҳȵĵط
оȵһţ򱡴Уӡĵģſʵ歲צӱסָһŹĥ䣬ֱۡ
ɳ𶯵붼ûУһĹ򡣷üȶŵĶƺеҪڷ
ɷ˵ħأںڵ״ɼ±ѺĶ
˶ۼˣҪæѹɱ¡
Ҷš
ջ֣סӰΧ۵ĵԽԽ̫࣬һŵĳϾͿʱ̲סƫͷҪȣ
Ƭɳؾʣվﻹûˮͣȥܿͻ꣬ܲԴС
ͷеֵëӣ˼Ƭ̣Ǿ뿪ذϼȣɾһ̣ں飬վĵطͻȻһ׵Ĵ󶴡
˽һգʱ׹䡣
ʶץ正ڶںϵһ˲佫Ľ糷
ɳص³ѹֲָ֣ſͨԽԽȣ˺ܲ
ûйս໥֪ż̩Ȼ֮Ӧԣţֻа歷ӦȽϴû״ǰһĨڣʲôƲצס֣·ֿˡ
֪ϵ޴ţֻ̧̧ĴָȵЩ
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44 
Ͱ歶֪ģ ˭ûڻӦɫĮ ֻڻþмλ䲢˽⣬Լ졣
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45 
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ͷ޲ûаַɣǰ Ҳδһ֡
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46 
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ʦͽҽޣβһףҲ֪Щ˵ڸֱһλϿѪ֧ȥЩмͻȻƾճһį}˴󶴣Ϊ͵ĵʱȥҲ
ܵӭŨħŷӦȺʿڽӡǿзסħڣ
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ټ棬֮ղ֪ʢ٣޽磬ǵʮǣ壬ɡϧǵʮǻһ峹û䣬޽ʱ񳯻ǲ
ЩֶϧҪΪ˵ħ壬Ļаֳûʵͷۡ
ЩĸȤζȻţڿϧѲȻаħķݶʱʵ壬֮Щ𣿡

ϹŴս幦û֮ߣȻЩս۽ûֹȻƳˡ
ǲ⣬ûǰӢ¼ʲôħ²Ⱳ𾴵ľԼʦǣپ֮صˡ
ʶаңһ㶼ż޽ԸˣЩ̫ġ
չС׾ڱӻ֮³̫
Ъİ死˯̸ʱͺƤӡ
޷ЪһۣЩͬˮİϮһ֮أɽԼһϮվɽϣ겻ĻѩⲽţǱð׾ѩȾ죬ƬɽͷǺģϵ÷һҶ
ɽʬѣе׷ּңеĿĿ꣬޲ҡ
Щ׵彫Χм䣬Ϊ׵˺ȵͽ正־ܣ
֮δǰĵ̧÷մѪȵģãԷ
ǲأ



47 
ѩããɽȣ ӸҲ˲Ϣ ûһѣȫڴˣ ǿɲ˵ʬѣ ޷ϴѵѪծأ ȴִԲڡ
֮رѪϴЩ߸ϵͼϰӴܣ ûյ߽࣬ һǱҳ̬ٳ
Ĵǿ޺ĻƬԶ뷲徻֮سѪ
ţû˿ɣѪ· еΪӢ ¹ģʹļף˱ŭسá
λϣЩˣ š
 ļˮꡣ
˯üȣ Լһţ ΪЩƾճֵĳǼٵģ ɲ֪ΪΣԽǼö࣬ԽʵƵȷ
Ȼ䣬ּһĻ
ɽϣȷŵ·ҪЩ
ɽѣħаӿ֣·ǵʮǵɱħ޲ѣصԪʼ󻺻ѹ¡һҴ棬Թѩɽ
ͷѹֵģץסʲôȴʲôץסǾˮ£ˮô̶ͽͣ޿ء
̫ļӿ֣ǵĺϮ˪ѩ䣬ɽɹţֻһƱꡣ

歲ܿƵزȳ˳飬ؾˡ
УʱѾڣһ뿪֮ǰתس¼Ҵ帽
Ķ̫һ˲˹ţںɽʹΧ£Ҫ鿴ҲѣϾɽһֱˣǰӡﶼš
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෽ٲȻû˼̫࣬ܵǰʱһһʱſ
ϣ歺ڻС



48 
խ ʰ״ɽڵס ĺۼҹĻΪһ壬 ůȴֿɼ
Űһ඼ܵ˵Ĵڣ΢ơȻκİҪЩ ˱§ס ԶУ ΢һԷ ָ΢봥ĵطȻͬ
ϵĽѾƿ ָ֮ǰİ׷ģ ûβͣ ˡǰЩȫȻԼʲôԶֺ ֹЩǿơ
о һֻֻԼϣ ಻ӦҪ˵㣬֪һ ûԶأ ⲻ֪ȤķϾʱ˹ ս֣ ռǿҡ
Щദ֪歲سĹأ֪ܣܰԸı£ٶЩ죬볣˸롣ϼƽϣһ㶼ôܣʵ̫Խ࣬Լͬ˵һǿ̣Գܡ
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ľЩٳٶҲ̫ԽӦеľ롣رûҿҲйӴ
ǰȴŹǵûаͻȻץס󣬽߬ţоЩۡ
İһֱȽ֣¸īаӿ׽͸ֻΡƵḧţָβ
̫ϸ΢ԲעͻԣܵˣͷʱһǧֻϸĳڻţէȻһ˵ĸо
ֿЩƽȶơȣ޵ྱ䣬Щ
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šüͷʱ򣬴ǺһӵӣѺһˡ



49 ѬȾ
ܴ
ȽǱ ûɫ֮ǰҪ԰֣ϴһƣʯһѹţ κλߡ
ܴһ ɥ ǰǰ㣬 ƶ˻꣬Բţ ʮįЩˡ
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ǰ̵棬Ѽֲ֣ÿضȾ˦βͣδζڡû£õÿյֻСƿҪιȡ
ɾھ䣬ɿ۰ɢֱӷ䣬޵ȸ˲佩ֱ˼û뵽ڽΡ
ֱס֫䣬ѬȾ



50 
ƲԷ˿̵ģ ֻܸܵͻĽϣҲûľٶɲǼ񣬲׵ôˣ ڱԼ
歽о ֲԽ࣬  Ҳ⣬һֱؾء
ֻ§һ չЩʣǰϵѾɢ൱ڳſ棬 ܡ
Ҫ˫ȴβס һƫͷƤ Ƽ̶Ĵ ΢΢ʪ
ϵ޷ӣܵϢϮҶֻܱǣơʦƽʱ¾ƤЮס ֪еŭô ģ Ҳеȣ ʲôҴܣֵݷţʱҪ
Ȼеķ룬Ϊֻǰ̫¯ӱſ϶ȡ
ûôÿ̫׽ͻ᲻ڰƽصЩԽоЩӦһƿɴʱĪסУȴٳδҲ
ֻһѩ׵ۣǴĿռָȡġռָϸ˵ʶ˵ֻܴ򿪲ǣҲܴ򿪡ǲܻ䣬ʣʹˡ
ΪתԼעƳԸʱ뵽һ⣬򴽣ʣĶõ·
˿Ƥӣʪȵĺ촽еĺȳƶ΢ƵϢޣ£
ҲֹڴˣûκβӦõľֹѹ΢Ƶػصָ
ôԵöһ٣ﶼڿռָǴõĻĶӦôõĲǡһʱԾһеͿˡ
˼䣬ͻȻɵؽλת䣬Ϊ£ԼϣֻβûжҪɿ˼Ȼš
ҲôɣɢӴ󳨿˸첲ϣǡɽĨԲڰڡ
ˣϷһ۾ܽµһ۵ס
歵Ĵ죬ͿĨ˻ɫ֬е㲻ȣؿ˼£ڳӿЩɢɫȶ㯣ͷȴǧˮ̶ף͸
Щܣһ࣬һߺ촽΢ţ˻ȡ
Щٶǣȴ
ӸµؿţһԲײԷ֮Уħˣ̫ѹ֣Ĺ޶˶˼Щݵҹҡε𣬱ɴᴹУ˷
˾һޡ
ڻþ֮Уɸȴ٣࣬ǻֻܽƣֻܱ֮һӰ졣
һٲԨʶͬܵľʵ̣ʴǵĥ¶ڽѪУӳһĨ޷ĥĺۼĥҲ
ŭ֮Ǳһֲܱ˵ĿںƱһȦȦѵ˿߲ƣѿأøߡ
֪ΪΣЩӦģ¶ڹ֮µ͸ñؽУɾĨʱʱ
ʱǾɽϿͽϣԷֻסݵ໥ϡ
ʱѰǸֻؽ°͵˼ϣ̧סԷͽȴᷢݵؽǯס֫ô
ż死΢ؽǸǳĺ졣
Щܻ߳ĹоƲסŨ⣬޷ĨȥģڽѪз
ƲסҪȥ룬־ջ𣬲ü
ӦΪܴԼĿռ䣬ȴ֪οڣ˵ʲôԣסлﶼû
׽ס֣һֱֱţһ߽׵ַԼ࣬ǵȥ
ٶǰƴİëʱʮƽɲ̬ͬȴнȻ෴ЧëС괿ôҰν˴ţγ˺Եøȣаӿ
ϵ׵ģȵ̵֡
ץˣһ°޵ĥ䡣
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ͬĳͬľٶ㣬ֻʱ䲻һ
֪ԼйԨԴ£ֻǳ˻þЩٵľʲô벻յȫǲ
µʵ֣˶ûпڣȥƳĬ໥֣类ε˿߲һ˭Ѳˣֻܱһš
歲ͷ˿Ϸ봹ۣ¡ȵĴͬ¡ȵУشһ¡
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ȻҲû̫Խֻ࣬󻺻ָȥ
ʱλ°ʦ𹲴һңҹϨִָշŵߣûʲôҪֳ鿪ãůȣѶԷԳ뵭ĮڻƻһĳֵĴˮȥԼһ١

񳱹̣죬ޣͨͨڡ
Ĵɫǳһֱţ͸ӵˣе񣬴ǻָʪٿϮ·𱻼ݺһ£ѣϽջ֡
ʱѾЮڻУҲ⣬Ԥϡ
Դţ歾Ͳٿתڵӿϸ乣ͬˮнƷ˿֪ʱȥϸݵĲϣơ
֪ôˣôȣҲеܣƾ֮ա
ͻȻ°͸·һλãץסȵܲƵģ૵ܡ
˲伸仯ŻɻãֽԼҪʲôæιˡ
ôԷûֱӣײ˲ٿرߣ֪ڲԸԣ˶٣ɰͰ˵ͣ㣬ˡ
ûڣ˳Ļ
һò󣬳˻ǰ״ܿƵס˼Ƭ̣ȥҽְæ֮ǰתѹһ£ճˣȻҲ޴롣
Щ正ΪԷѹƣô
死ʵعؾûβͻϲš
ʵҲôܣֻû¾ûģΪȫϸֵġ
歷ԼУ⽫ѹס÷֣Ľ̵
һ̾ͻᣬһͽԪ֮Уʹ˽ϴʱһûסǿɲǼ佫ɡ
͵һϾʱ˿ʶͨ
ʶԷ仯ɣûֹֻͣס񣬵Ȳ˲Ž֡
ȥ㿴š˵һͷƼģĽֹܹ鲻̫ã£׻ɫĵӷ鴲ϣ·Ȼˣס
԰գӦ¾תȥ



51 
ڷڵİţ ֱȥţ вŻָ ˣ Ǳߣã ۻɵӷ
ղһ⣬ ۱ŪͰͣ մ˺ е࣬ ǲܾôŻȥʩʩȻ´۴ϣֻشš
ԼĪһӵĹŴŽֹ䷿òԶ Ӧһȥеˡ
ʱѺۣ֪ǲ˯ˡ಻Ƴ ƼԷβȫ ͷױʱ Īһ ȥ̫ ˸ʩαװ
ֲǰ£ ֪֮ƣ ûôģ һƿҩ¡
ûʲô⣬ϢһӾˡ˵ҩôɢһ㡣
死ŲƺЩܣΪ£Ƴ£ˮ
ֽһĻ۵ףУ˵ﲻԾʶȤܣأԵһƿƿ޹ޣһµ໨Сƿݸ࣬ͷװҩˮ֮ãʱżξС
ϾǳϼҽޣָҩǧĺöɲǺҺơ
ָ൥˻ЩŰ歵治˵
ַ˰歵쳣ǿԶѣǰֲ£Ǿ¹࣬Ӧö֣Ϊܴ׵ɴɽ򵽰Ƿ˲״ٶйأԹȥɲУܵý
ش»ί񣬴ӦðЩ̫棬Ͼʲôֵ⣬ǷڵĳϣΪһڣʱ϶ѡ˵һ𶵸׶ܹҪЩ
Ӧ£ֱӣûøû˵ʲô
ֲǆˣ¾뿪Ұȥˡ
šüɫ΢˼òŻط䡣
˲֪ЩǰͬԼĿҪ˼ţҲҪƽ¡
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ûϣţָɴݲȵĵģЩʱСˮ罫ֿСǺҩˮԡҰԷƽҵ
Щȥһߴ롣
һжɡ
ԼĪʱϴЪϢ
ҩԡɾӣֱɰëһΡ
ǰһеǿܽϵıģһ£ëӾǵüԴڸС
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Դ°Ͳ䣬ɨβͣš
͸ƣûƺĲ̫ܣ˲
˶٣˵ʲôչ黹ĬȻ
һһţ°ҹ
ҹɫ̫һ¹ţڰ¶Ʋ»콡컣ͶƬϣ봰ббζԼճ
ΪȻ˯죬෭Ŵɣ¡
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ţ˯ˣ˾ͬҹɫһʻ
ɼ䣬ûȫ˯ȥ֪Եı仯İëػûˣס
ǸǵľٶԽо·ֻ֮٣˯̫죬СľͻˣȻʶ䱧ס
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಻̫ڣɱ޿ɱܣûѶԷƿ»ὫŪѡ
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ΰѼ䣬о˵ֿˣ£пסůȸнӵÿһ磬ڤڤ֮У˺ĳָ᲻ϵϵůȴи֮жһ޵ůζ
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ûоһֱɣҲ֪ʱѵġǱӰ죬׳˯ȥʱһ׮ð˳ʱ歾һ䷿歴ӱ§оֱ
ҳһ㣬ɢŵģֻǱһǴڼͷ̫ѡ
ͬҹ˾ϣռ»ˮҲôţʱ΢촵ȴɢеĻĵ밮
ʦ𡭡歵͵ͺڹľʪĲù
ۣϢҵòӣʼûлӦ
ͽô֪ȤзߣǵЩΡ
΢΢ıʪӱ࣬ٵ󡭡Ҫʼտš
ҪǵʮˣûҪ˵ô˵ૣûлӦѹʦҡ
ĳȻ˵ģֻץϵֱۣ˫ۣܿƵ°ֿͣڶԷϡ
»ٴ⣬жԳЩɸ˵ͨͨ¶׵Ĺ޷Ŵ󣬿ӣˮʪϳѿһ˹һʰ
ȥǵʮǣ鷱࣬ǵĻᶼ٣ٿͣ£ſţһָʣ£һס°ͣڴᰤ£ζʣʦûҪ˵ģ
಻֪ΪλЩӦѿģӦ֮ǰɼȴĪЩܡ
ӵס繣ƺҪʮġ
ĸʵǹ졣
˯ò̫á
İûô˯ȣʱ֣˻˶սЩ

һҹ
ǱߣһڵʷǰʱִֵﰲǺһڰŵǰϡ
ʱѽǣҲһ
ʱִﰲĻһ죬ɽ󣬼Ҳ˹ƻͦ
ð死νţʱ֦
һҹ֮ôˣвɵĳϺˣƽӹ֮ڽԵİٲȻˣûϵȻôƺƴ
˶̫һټģҲ֪кδ¡ΧôĿû˵סûʡ
ڼЩ˺˶˼֮У˭ûȫŸǱȥ
԰
԰̫һŵӭӣڴ½֮Уʯźһ۵ȣִطԺӡ
̫һͷվһģ˻⣬дҼ塣
ĵһۣʱ



52 
֪һˣ Ͳˣ ʱ εף̣ڳ˵ûзֻ纮Ƴͻգ֮һˡ
Ƽ͸ɵˣ仯 ֹƽʹ󷽣Цλϡ´к еظ̸ ·жƵġ
ȥҽˣ ߿ҵݺݴ ָǲָıӿ ˣǰӵضЦӭϰ鳤Ϻþò
ɫ ᡣһ㲻ӵ𴦣αˡ
ˡһһ͡ĵζ ֱһһ˦ϡ
ڳ ٶеΣ û뵽λ˻㲻ֳϣ Ͼǳ£ ͬУվͬһӪˣôҲʱ˽˶ԹӦôӦôΪء
ô룬˭û񻪻أûһʾҳ൱վڷڶ棬վҵĶӡ
Һͷأһӵģô಻壬ȫû
ΪеͣҺͻϺѹŴ򣬵ɲǺ۸ģĻе׸ĵ΢ЩˣһԲ
ǺЦٲȻʮֹȫ֣ΪĿʴȣһ㶼ջ𣬶Ƕ๧ʦּˡ
ޱ飬̬ȺЩ̲ͷ
ͬ׽ƢԲҪ̫ͣͦб£һͰѽ͵ջĴ̫
ְˮ̴ĿһݲȵӦ⾫ͽ򷢡
ǰô磿ƮƮһʻȥԸ߹ؿס
ӵһյϢͳˣħͷҵӦ߾ȫǣֻսаָ
һ˵ޱȸ̹Ƶ䷶ԴǼֱ˶ݡ
ŻװƵЩ꣬Уҵһебعڣʵӡʱˣ治࣬غ۽ȷʵ
໥㿴ҿ㣬ʱһһشʼ˴ε¡
̫һ¥Уط˵
༸˸񻪺棬һȥ۳ħƻ
·óȻͷߵѫĻմʦ£û
մʦ˴ɽȫ
Ҳֱʵ̫һͷ˶ߣֻǵʱΪܽûʦڣֱ߱ڳ¼Ҵɽħڵķӡŷ̬أϽһʱ翷֪ͨɡ
̫һòƾܵһǲˣ޿ָժοҲָʱ
Ŀǰһ©ɳطԼܴ
ڴѶвδἰܴ򣬻һ˾׷ѯʡ
û˶ＷһܴΪħͷͬʱһ٣źۼȥ
еİҲˣֱӣϸϸ͵
ܴ¡
һһԭίͷβ޾ϸؽһ顣
ճ¼Ҵ屻ϯ̫һŻɵȥ밲ǹٱһѴ˶Ǩȥ󣬴ӵĸ߽׵ȴںɽ˹֮
ҹܴԱߣƱһεסˣһȦƻججʶģ
ĳʵگ}ˣοϻǳħһͲ
߽׵ӲϽʦֵȥ볤ϣԼš
ܴȦ߶߶˵ʲô
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סˣôҪЩǡ
Ȼ֪ԼѾˣִֻǵǰ¡
̫һųϹڵΧ̽飬ڱʯС·Ϸʬ壬˳ɽ·ҵҪѿħڡ
ܴӦ󴳵Ϊִ֮йأֻԼƺ֪һ޿λꡣ
̫һųȥڻس;УܴȻħƵģǣѺ˴ˣӵҲҲӰ
ǳڵӷϴ󾢶Ž׽סΪ»ңȥ׽ʱȻھְչȾ߲İա
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䣬ܴͱʮѺ͹컹ǱήҲɫ׵ֽš
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˭뵽лôһ¡
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ܴϽƣɥشԭأûôƣŵ̲ס΢¡
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⸱ӣ֮ǰڳʱ뵭Ȼʶü
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Ǹܵʲôеİ歶˶Ŵӳܴ
վηηŵܴԼߣ˵һ£λпȥ
¥мžϤȥ˭ûٿڣ֪ʲôӡ
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մʦף̧̾˾䣺ӷ𡣡
Ȼߵܴǰɷ˵ץܴ֣ۿʼ䡣
Ǿˣ֪Ҫʲôֵܴصɴۣ뷴ȴܣ˵ҲˣŨĹֱð
˾δ̫ϤһΣֻǵǲܴ򣬶ֱߵ顣
һнС桱Ӳܷ֮˵ʶص·գ˴ȥһߡ
಻źۼ⿴Ե飬ɫ࣬ʱҪӣһ¡һĽֶҪЩֵǰʾⲻҪ嶯
ͬʱеİཹ겻ܸ֪ܴʹ֪࣬ڷʲôûЩꡣ
ܴҶɽĶˡ
һ֮پһȷʵĪĥܴ巢ڣζŤζĻҪʹֻ࣬ܡ
Խʹ࣬ΧĻͱԽ죬ʱ˴ʱ
Ҳֻʱݣֵյĳˣһʲôˣֻǿ͡
ս֣ĬȻš
ʱصһ죬ʱѾˣվɽԼĪﴦĵط
·ʪһƬŢɫҴҵֵ̧ܴ꣬Ƿϡ
·̫̫ܵһСûȾֱֱˮ֮Уˤ˸ʵ



53 
ཬòӣ һ ʱֳסŲˮ·ϴջסˡ
ֻǷˤӵĶ̫󣬷ĶǱ˦˳ȥ䵽ǰʯϡֽ汻Щཬ ˮϴ
˲վܴϽֽŲõطɿȥֽ ϧػڻཬŪ òֽֽŻУٲϵཬ
ˮ ԭŪ̫࣬ˤһӾͲôˣ ֽɾУ һлǵˮϴմཬ
ϵˣžžɢĶӣȥؼ뵶ģһʵİɫ
ܴ۽šһѣ šˮԶɫ ε̾ ˣ ô ҪЩǡ
±·Сǰϡ
ŷˮ¼ҴǰĴ·Ѿߣ·УֻܴӺɽǱߡ
Ĳ￰˴ãڲסƮɵˮһܴϵˮ˳ֱʣǰˮģ·ߵÿĿİţˤˡ
ȴûд磬ջ
վԭزˮܲϣȫƮޱ鿴ܴڴǱӰڿвس£źۼ
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մʦ˻ǷƵӣһĬؿš
̫ˣãһɫ𽥻谵ܿͻֵϺҹȻ͵һܴһˤˣæסΣһ߼ţһ߰
˴꣬ǰϲˡĵû취ֻüðǰС
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˲ʱΪѣû뵽⡭
ڳǲ಻˵ɵ˱һɶͷԣҲܲµô¡
ңܴ򣬾ͬˣ⿴ۡ
Ŷ壬ոյЩ¶㲻ʲô鱻¹򣬽ĹһѪڳ֮ڣǲŽв˵
һԿţºͿףǲΧ̽ӣȫȻġ
ǴƤӣ̽ˮ̴ϣ˵һڣ̬ʮԡ
ҪڶỤţһ統ꡣ
ɫȻ͸¶Į룬Ҳ˼ǲ˵Ƣ̲ȥֱ˦һۣԼӶ
֪ΪΪ̫ɣƽ޹ʳʲô֣ԴǺȵ鳤ʲô˼ΪҪ
ϴڵĵӣףͦᣬ֪Щ£һ嶯ͳˣҪҵĶԹ׼ڿڡ
Ӳ֪飬ʦúܣ˵æⶪ۵ȥܣ
ǵӵࡣ
ЩԾ콩ͣϽԲתƻŴҶ˺ɽ󷨣λ˾죿
ż𣬲û˵
໥ǸͨľۻʲôŹֲɣ
мλ˼Ʃ񻪣ǵһ۾ϳ˵ģֻû˵ѣҪô
ʾ˵
ҲĨǣֱԣʧЩͷˣλȻΪǾۻϷҲΪǻմʦ˲ͬһ
̾˿ɨһȦ󡣡
˻һܵʱš
ʲźǳԼҵӵλϴڳ߾ѿڵǵʮǵ󣿡



54 
ۻ ˼ۻã֮ƣ ôȴһʧѾã ֻڹϼһǵʮ֧ųǳص󷨡
ǵʮϹŴսʱѻ٣ һŹ´Ϊʢĵط ֻʣԫϱڣԻ͵ĹѳΪ˵˶ֻܴӹֻƬ˽һ
ڳ¼Ҵɽ ô뵽 ӡѹƣ ˴ħڡȻ һãڳ˲֪ Ͱȴһ
¼Ҵ壬 ĸɽӣѹɳµȻӡ ҲΪ˽ӡƣֻȥˣ еһжһһģ Ͳ£ вŻ׷Ź正 Լҹȥ
ɫأӦʮ˽⣬Ȼô޿֣δ̫ЩǵÿһڶԷȦ֮Уζ߲ȥһһƿš
˼ˣɵ΢΢üֱﲻԾ˵
ǽ˵Ļûôģһֱڻ֮У˼Щÿһ£էһ룬ƺɺЩƫȥɽʱ˰正ȥƽõʯظɽֱʺɽ򡢰ǡ
Ȼͨı£Ҳ̫Ѱˣȫգû˿ʶ򴽣ɨΧˡ
ǻڼ飬۰ǺĴ㡣аڰڣ֮ĶԸЩĻʹߣЩ˿϶ᰲ֣ưոݣ׼иıûʹ򲻿ɵģʱ̷У˴μȻǵʮǣ˼ǵȥ̽̽Ѱ˿
һ䣬ҾûˣӦ
սһʮǵ鼸ɥĲħͷɱѪͨħڣʣµɽս䣬Ǹʢĵطҡһ˼Թ죬ħϡ
һյ֮أķǧ꣬аӰûУЩ̤ʿǷ裬ȱ첲ȣ˭ȥ
˷׷ȥͷȡ
ƿڣ¶£ȥ϶ҪȥģĸɶԳе
ҽɢԺ飬ɳ˼ɡ
ɫ̫ÿû
ܴδãܿᣬһſʹɫôȥѺ
һԣۿܴ򱻴ȥ
֪淢£еİһ˲䰲
մʦһȱģ̾˵˾䡰ա
˰ȥŸڸұסһϴһסԺЩңңԣԶԶġ
˵ûбֱֳֻʣǼˣŲ̲˵´αô嶯
ǰвӣֱ̫һźҵƣҪǹ˼ŷڣ̵ȷʵ̫嶯Щ˺ƲסԼ
񻪵û˵ôһ䡣
ֺһɵӶû죬鶯˶ƤӣΣ֪ˡ
㵽Ϊֹɣ񻪻һת˵ЩģڵûóԺмУϾ⣬Ǳ˵ĵ̣ǳ¾ջˡ
û̫̤࣬䣬ţڲͣϷųЩ꣬˵̸ðйǵʮǵļ䣬ˮˢܵý
ದŪԴʵŵҩȥ
֪ΪΣԺɽսϵĳĨݵİӰƲɢôץס
˹ָצӰŲţһŻصûС
֪û˵ʵҲȣѵҩˡ
֮ûʲôһֱġЩʱȥһˣͬһ̸£ֱʱ̲Żط䡣
ҹڴЪϢŰ死ű״̬ΪǲԸˣһͬ˯һ˭ԼĪʱѾ˯ðΰˣԷȻΡ
ϱһСſͷ˾ٿسſϣֱӳѹƫ˻һ㲻֪Ȥǵѹţչࡣ
أûжֶŵģʲôûɡ
ʱѣû۾۶֪ڸ
歶˶ƣҹ£һƬǺqqôһ˳ķ˿Ϥ£ϡ䣬Щ°
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ܸо͵Լ࣬޵Ϣڶ󣬻ϵԼβ͡
βһϣһ״ظ֣ʣ򻺻ϣϣںɨ歵ůͣ⻬޷ӡ
ҲǾеһɬ
ڰ߻ܸ඼֪˵ÿһ歵ûһûӦԱߡ
ûɣǽߣ֮ʲôû˯š
Ϊ˻ʹ֪ͣûжԾǲĶܣӺ汧סʵں档
һ֪ԷҪʲôΣһ
歽βͻ֣䣬Щ֪ڿԼǿƵذ£ԼУҪʱʱ̿ŲС
һŴϣҲô౧ţʱһڼ£һЩԽ£ûлӦšһ߶һˣ¸ߣһȴзڣ˵ķ
ʱòӣ̵άסʣ򶨣۽ţں۽ǶȾ֬ĳ죬ǰıһš
ֵǽߣһ־ܴǽڣơȽȻ෴歲ϷŹޱӿ˳зڣһһ£ĵĳˮȫʪֻɫĺۼ
ʼûг˳ĴӣֱЩܲ΢΢ݰţܲס˲ҧ¡
⣬ѿķʽƽ޷ӵԨһ١ζֻ֪˵Ķ̲סˣվǷŲΣô
ʱֱû˵йκξٶȻţֻǲӣۻ˻ɿʵĴ΢΢źϣЩʪģմȾ޷ˮ
û˿ô£ڻУãȥһĨ΢Ƶʪȡ
ĳͬʱ˿̣һģһ
̫徻඼˵ĺᣬȴƽȡ
ڣٶŲ˵㣬бܿ˼ɰһ㲻Ծûɿ֣ȥŴͲ˯ǿǿһֵǽ߰š
಻ӦоԷְִԼ࣬ԲװˣţÿЩ
֪ţЩôߡ
ҹɫ̫ڣ˶У·һεΧţã歲ſڣֻж̶һ֡
š
ֻ˵Ҫÿ˼ûУս֡
˿Ϸں棬̫Щ಻ڵض£ʪȵĴͻʱһ١



55 
ž ָоİͷһպһ£ ͵ģһʱãһ·
һ˲ĲֻʱƽϢ ½ѷֵ ƶֹͣЪ йٸԡ
˵㣬ǡǡƽ̹Сϣȴûбľٶ歽Դᰤ״ ռа˵£ţʼû˵Ҳûɿֺ
Ǵ ڿջһ ֮йסˣ һУеʶйֲͨǡ
˵嵽׺ָܣ ûлӦ Ҫʲô
歿̫ˣ Ӷѣ ಻̫ڣҲѵòˣĴмֱĥˣһ㶼Ծ·ʶԼожԽ࣬ٿض˶β͡
˼ЩƵĹ֮Ըᣬʱоʪȣճ壬ʣʴǵİڹѪкҳײ˳ںڰз֯ץǰı죬ָ
ҹɫŨʲôƲ΢䣬ȴȡ
ǹˣеЩȣܣֻûе㽹ƣġ
ϵһأָ·ĥţ֪⻹⡣ĶᣬȴܵҲ޷߱ԵɣûɰΣŽرﵲסԷ
ҹ˯ˡӲܵ͡
ûлػûˡ
£ǽ˵ֵֿԼƺ̫Ը⣬һӽ׽ס߬ţȣ̵ʱһæѣؽֻؿڡ
ڰûַʱסˣѺû
°ҹˮ¶صʱ˯ţڣִֽ䶼ûᣬϲĲùҪ˯ʱʼʩʵǷۣס⣬ջǺƤ˯Լ֪ԷЩΣҲˡ
һҹ˶û˯ȣ˼ΣԺ䣬ȥȡ֮һ޷㣬ʲô˺;гζ
ҾɽʶʱԼ˵͵ͺ
ʦ𡭡
þһ
ϧ˯ˣʱʱֻҹǼ˯˲ѷģǻֱ˰ë̬ȫͬ
ƴ˯죬ëЩңһ۾ֱߴգһ޺ӡ
վǽЩеûԺ󣬿ⶪȥ˳ֽװУʰһڳ֮ǰһСȥͷβûô˵Ǳʶڶܡ
ֵ첻ˣʦͽȥͽתתȥæЩ񣬿᲻·֡һЩʱҪȥɵˣȻ϶ͻգʱҲû취嶯£ֻܽ˴߿ţֳӡ
࣬ȥˮơ
Ͼ̫һŲϣǧվ͵ִﰲǣԺһֱ̫¡ˮƵĵ˲СĲ֪˶Ϊˣúúõģ˰඼ûˮ˽½ӡ
Щ˵治˵ܷŵ̨飬ˮﲻΪ˳ħΪ̽ףҪϢҪԸ֪ࡣ
Ÿһ·˦ں̫һβͣȥԼĵص㡪ֵĲݶ¥
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໯ˣСĴȥ¥ĵ䣬ͬ˴ˮڴ˵Ⱥ򣬼ţСӭļơ
СǸɫģˮʮǮųȥ
ˮƼ̸ʵ˵¡
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ʦ뿴ó
߰ģЩûôСõʱ̫ԶеѾõ֧飬Ʋʲôϸ˺һٿⶼЩСӵ
ˮϳˣȻ⽫ЩǱǧѾо˸飬ʵƲ⣬ϵֶףһ㣬ù࿴
಩Źʶھʷȷ裬ܿʲô
ڶֵᷢģͲڴ¡ˮ˵ӷһвֶѾãЩʣµģˡ
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任òЩ඼д棬ֻԼصֲͬѡ
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ˮƵһ㶼ûɣҲûܴЩСͲзҪĻܣ֮У˵ĶһһŸ¡
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ǧڽãȥضҪ໥շˮûףԲһ¡
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֪Ҫȥˮһ
̸£ûȺ뿪ݡ
ûŸ󣬶շת̽ڵһ߾ת˾֡
£˼ڷˮƸǱϣڲ˼̫ң侲ԺͻȻð໭棬ɽլ֣Сİ歡
ЩСģҪÿȥϾҪһǮľָˡˣЩòˣûӣȫںš
д̰ǻõģ϶ѧˣⱾҲӽľС
ڹսǴͣ²ӣüͷš
޶˶ЩܣĿں߬ѹ֡
ǲĲԾеİ歺̽Դڴͷơ
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ԷһлС
ɫһݣβ߾ڿҪһ˲䳤հֱһ¾Ͱ˵ؿڹᴩͱһ
δϵ˹壬˱һˡǽʹ˻һ˵ʦصǷӦ죬㶼㲻



56 ͻ
ǼղУӣ ס һۣ 治ԭΡ
һûѪ õĻֽˡ
ɫ䣬һΣļֱֱ˺ ʱȡԷļơϴ⣬ٲᱻǣűߣȫȻеóѵĻᡣ
Ȼ£ ϾʶڻֽϣһˣᷴɵϣҲ ϴȫࡣ
͵ЦӶ ִ࣬
歴Ӵڹ ֮ӡ
û죬 ֻԴУ Ӵһ˲͵طųѹ Էѹ
ָǿ һ㶼⣬Ӳѹȣβң
˲ӣȫػоļת罫ԷסȻҪʲô
ʲôֻʦˡиоʹ̧ۣ¶ˣͷܣ˿գɡ
˵߶߶ģٲΰ룬ֲʵ
Ļɣ˼³⼸ôͣӦڳﻮʲô£һֱû֣ڿ϶жˣָʹգš
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ϴε·ס֣ƿС
ϧصײͬ仰̽ûҪ֪ʵ˼״ײκõϢô˵ȥֻɽǴһˣתǳϵģûԷ̸ĳٿǰٷϻĻᡣ
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ֽˣ屻٣ʶ翪բˮһй޷£Χн赲ʶֻܱڽڡ
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˫ػ֮£еʶ̼䱻ɢû֧ŵƬ̾ͻһŻֽƮڵء
歴һצӲڻֽϡ
໹ǣ뵽ʲôϳУȥ
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вΪͻȻӿôаҽǱ߰ŶԸЩæشС
š
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㶣̲ס࿴һۡ
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ʵСȫ±һֵʵʵֻ¶һ˫۾ܵסһԷȻһ㶼⣬۾͸¶Ѱζ
һζӰһͷһϤУ˵ʲôתˣѹֱƹȥ϶Էɲ
գۼ˲ƵԶݲվţһ˫תôȥʵ˲٣֮˲ֹһǰ㣬ǿϧˡ
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ûлش𣬷Щп˵ǣǼǲˡ
ˡ
಻֪˭ȫ벻Сĵظˮʹ˸ɫȶԷ
ⶼаһѣǽһƬĻȳƵķɹȥɱնҪ̻Щаªа㴿ȫ׶аһħŨԶ֮ǰЩܱȵġҪŰֻһɱУߵѱֲľ
̧̧֣иаȥֵˡ
ǹģ࿴˼
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Ҳֹֻʱһ廪ʩʩȻ֣üΪ¡ȫȻԼľβݣͷϴűʯװεĲҡҡС
ϣּˡȻЦһ΢䣬࣬ڵģɱȵʯҪ࣬òֻǲôװ磬ǹɢζڵסǰýһˣٳٲΪѾ뿪ˡ
װһ˵ʮĻ
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еİ˲ͽϻ飬βճһû֣Ż˼
ˮʲôЩ߲ƣಢվţź˺¡
²мǾվ̫ۣʱƾսˮƵĺס
ɫһݣϽֽˮסԷ
ЦЦϻôƣһû䡣



57 
мһ ˮƺ²ѣ ΪԼܰæ ֪ʵ˿ֲ һоȡҪţ ڵϵľԼˮľСġ
಻£ ֻźˡ
˳סǰ㸡꣬ ǳȡ಻֪ΪҪڰ£˴γкĿģô Ȼɾܽģ ԲִųĿ㡣
Щӣ Ըҡҷ˵ǰϸݵ֫Σ һһЦɫ ζЦٿ֣ ȻЦģ ֪װʲôȴԵ
ز˵ еԣ״ƲذЩһ۰ţˮ̽࣬£ǲԸᷳô
֪֮ͦһɣֹоȻµ磬ֻûϣֻ䵭رܿԷĴ䲻ȵ˵ء
±ݸȫȻ⻰ûɫٿЩֵϣѹ͵ʣ϶Ҳ·ϵʱɻô˵ôˣ䵭ˣֻ֣ϻô˱ˣƫĵúܡ
ϰô಻ɵüɫĮвԸӦ˼
ԼЩ˵кԨԴôᵽһǱʶͲմϹϵ
һ䵭̫ۣϵԵЦһͣ飬
ûʲôվ˻ȥվںԡ
ȫԹۣںҲ£һ仰û˵Ȼͷˣƺһ㶼ɵоδ̫Щ
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˼䣬һߣΪҪʵ΢İħûУͷ𣬿Ʋס¿Ѫʱ۵˺ѷΣȻϢĻᶼûУʹҲЪֻǿӦħ
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СӳǺõģֻһСʱվۣǵûаﵽ֣ȥңýָܵС
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˲ǱߵһȨյӣеǰеͥŲζ˵Ͽһ㶼ż񲢲ġ
಻ᱻЩ˴ߣ⿴½ǣҶܳסȻصͲ˾֣żҲá
ЦЦɳƵɤʲôںϲȥ²Ƶġ
ӵڱ󣬡ȷʵˡ
ڵ̫ʵɤֻٳǸӣŮ£˻˴ڵףӲȫ¶סˡ
ǱʶͲϲˣͷ˵ĹУܾʶɾǼǲҲԼԷйٽӴҲǵĴ£ɲô룬޷ҵκйصļ䡣
˲쳣һʲô
൹ֱ㡣
϶˼˵ˡ
ˣ˼ȻǴǰǽ϶Ȼ벻ô£Īô϶
оܱ۾Ҫ׼ϲԷ˭ʹ˵겻ȷŶȻνġꡱ
˶˶٣ûϵӦ漴ȴЦЦûҲûϣӰ㲻ᷢʲô
ôôΪΣΨһ¶кЦ⣬ûһ˿ŻŭЩˣõӡ
ɵڶè޹ųʳлϹ
ĮȻԶԣ˳Щ˵⣬̧ۿ˿һߵ£֮һۣȻŵصˣ¾ͻ֪
ǰ벽Щʱ˵ᡣ
ɨһۣźۼԱߵˮƻţҲٵʱ䣬֮оֱһƴȥȫȻֱҪں˶֮ʺղԷ࣬ٿһڷ
ٲȻû뵽Ͼǳ嶯֮ˣСĽܰԲӦ䣬ھóȻԼе⣬ʵ֮ϣһƫͿȥ
ⲻϵ磬Ӧʽһӽס̸һ̸𣿡
תԷ𿪣һ˳ƾսұ߷ɴڵħնɱָˣ޻˵
Ǻл£ûһĵģǷϻ޷Ǿ˷ѿൢʱ䣬ɫһݣԷʱֵ
ʵеģԶȲϵɵһʦŲҴʵкˣں޻֮
οлһֻɲĺ꣬ϴʱ˿ʮֻ飬֪ڰаġ
һһһô׶Ը
˵ϵɼ֣ʱֵסȻǵ͹ϣʱͱһӻûطйͷк
һнֱǿ˲ʱ˴Զ
Ƶɼ׷ųС
ûɵģʲôӰ죬ейŨؽŷѾͻȻѡ
仯⧲ٲȻоˣʱɫأס˿ѡ
һ߿ϷҲܵ˲Ѱϵɢͣŵرͷ֪϶йأеߺ޵ҧҧ˲վһ
ôһСˡ
˶ëͷԴ˲Ϣ֮ԾȻһӾͽưϵ·ڵء



58 
歲Ѱ· û׼ ͻɼ˶ʼδûлΣ ӰôȻһɶߣɲǼΪ˵Ȼݣ һצӾͽסԷʺ
Сֻʱ޹޺ڣǱмɷǳĺݣž͸һ£ֱҪ
¶䱻һĿӣ Ѫģɼǡ
ʱ壬 ۵Ѫɫڣ ħǣ ֳëȥ Ҫһ
ֻǧǰԶǰ歵Ķ֣ Ȼ򲻹 ûлָȫ ס硣ħ أ ǿ Ļа͹˼ɣе㷢ˣһӻħ﹥歡
ûҪȥĵ˼ࡣ
ʱƺʲô˽ӣڵֻˣ·ĳңӦʶǱߺݾɼܵİë꣬ͷһ־ΥĸӸܣ˵嵽ʲô֮еȻʧ
ͬʱҲûú˿Ϸٳһָ֮ս
歵ı仯Զϣ¶û뵽ѹȫ裬÷⼬֡
Сˣ˱ߵֵ˵ǽʱô¡
˵⻰ʱҲ֪ڷǰǰ㡰𾴡
ҲǣΪΪǽһ¸߰࣬ΪʿΪ𣬿أǸ³زݣͷһգβɱЦµ˶൱湧˵ſʵĵﶼƲϵģֻǿҽѣǧǰȷʵ壬һʵʿԶ統
ǿΪˣĲҪɰܲΨһ
಻Ըϻ᳤硣
˺У˵Ǳá
ϵɱиݾˣǰȶȻ˶УԵõݲȵؼвУǿϧҪǵɽҲЩ˵ĵ
ɽʱսģ˶֪ˣȫǵˣʲô
򾲣ᱻһԸˣһתｭǱߣЩӿħȥ·סϣȵ̶عף
̶عǽЩħϽѹѹаĲӡ
һвֹħݺֻܶΪӼϢʱ䣬㹻񻪺ݵĹ½ǰħֽסҵĽƣǿ롣
˼½磬ֱӭȥֹһƴں˼ͷ
ϵģһƾˣʵڲСԼ¡
̫УѹûϵʵͷһЩûվȡ
һʽɲ֮ǰǸʲôİëӣԸֱ׾٣һͽԷˡϴȡ;飬кݾ޷мܡ
ں˱еͬʱʮʮһצӻ£ɨҶ㽫ǰľɫ˦ǰ͵Ծȥӭսˡ
һֱȽϿȱҲĲУ䲻֪˵ݣ̲ЩζԸ࣬ռʵǿ˾Ҫɼܣ¹˼ɡ
¶ѪˣϾǿֲѪۣĻ޶ԣɵģţٳӦǰҪȻꡣ
ǰһԸ࣬ڷˣͰֶһٲȻ̬ѾԤ룬ʱЩħһֵֹ
ཫ塣Уת󣬰歵סЩħ
عף
µʵҪǿ࣬סаѴ֮Щ׶ֲħ£ͱϣʵֱӱ΢ЩǶȥôһͱȫѹס
ۿŰ歾Ҫ˶սʱԶ̶У˽סһ˲䶼ˡ
ĺ˶£˵ɫһ˿ֻ𾪡
أӻѵģȫȻɣ˺۵ץסˣߣ뿪
һ䣬е飬˲ʹźʧԭأôƾûˡ
Ҫȥ׷Ȼûã಻źۼסϣֻ͵͵
˽ֺ鼸֪ģЩ˶֪歵ôһ֪ô͡
ͣ£˦˦βͣչȥࡣ
ôֻһ¶ˣʯͷײƵģ಻ɫܿһԾæ
ȺУĴոɼܵȮƼ˲Զĺ꣬˷ֱܵлɾҡͷβײܱߵħͳëͬȡǲ⣬ٿرذôգۼȥǡ
ȮأΪڸԼˣѧظںɼܣܵؽһħצ£ǰֱһצӾͰħԴ顣
Ƴɵšüͷ
ƺ̫бЩкݾء
תһ룬ħﻹôǾûɰô֡
ʧ󣬺ܿ죬ħԽԽ٣ʱͱɵɱ
ˣΪ˾ǧŵĵӱħУɫʮֲ԰ףΪоߵģֻǲСĶѡǧŵĵӰǸмΣħﱻɱϽȥֻڰ֣ްûʲô¡
ͬ˵Ľֹȥ񻪿˿
˵ûͦأˡ
Ҳû̽æҩȳţ˳ԼΣȻȥˡ
žһƽЪΧѾҳһ࣬ڣҪ༰ʱô׾ͽ
һ֪¼ضӣûϵѰ죬Щħа͹ˣЪʱл㱨ѶϢ
˲ע⣬ɫػصߣԾſš
Χע⵽˰歵ĴڣϾǸƣӶѣֻµģû֮һβͣĻϸƱأȮСֻ裬ûʡ
̧̧ۣƳ¡
ཫЩ˵ķӦ۵ףûһͣڳ˼УԼΪôż뿪Щ첻µزµӣ˺ƴ󣬾Ҳмɵ֮
ûһû˼ЩˣһյĹ͸о˲ԾʲŶԸʱʱҪŷʱͻȻ̵ĺˮһƺƵײ
˻ھбܸ֮оڵѾʼң޷Կء
ҲоˣϾ֮ǰ
Žǵ棬ûбֳֻţѰ˸ھʹҴ뿪һ߳Ƭ·ͳܲסصסǽڣײܿƵز
歴£򿪿ռָȡǼ仯δվȵ§
ǿסܵطУ̵͵͵Ҹû˵ĵط



59 
正 طֵԸ ζ һζ ʲôڿɣ ɬɬ͵ģƽϢҲĥ
歲ͬǣʱȣָֻܣ·ǣţɾѰ磽Ĺ鰶 ҲƽЪ
ֿڰ歾䣬 ˵껰˻š
óһϣʵʵڵȫ ס͵
֪뿪ͽ֣ ڳշתһȦȥһҽΪƫƧĿջҪһס¡
ջ ϰǸĴģ Щûϵ¶ܲ͸磬 ȴһ㶼棬 ϾԶУ ôãЩ͵Ļ˭⸱磬Ѿֲˡ
ϰﲻ˼ûϳŮΪˣʱЦۣϲĿˣף׬öࡣ
Ƴۣ˵Ϻã֪ǮϰʮϵǮһͷԴ˯СüЦϽȥһŷֽ
ǶĹڣһھҪ˶ӣҪ֪ڰլӲżʮϰ
歲ںˬǮ¥ߡ
ϰﲻǶµˣӱ˭ڣҪʲôһŲܲʡ
һŷţҲŲסٴηڰϣڵʵ̫ңͺʹ࣬ʵѹסѰƺ
°ڱ棬ʹ̣Ȼֳֺ
歶˶٣ϣڻУһ̣ܿ͹ˡ
ܵͣ侲Գ֣Ԥϻˣ㲻ô
Ȼô׾͹ȥģվվȣӶˣ۵΢΢еŨʵһ㣬ԼΪλֻӲš
ϣûƽҵҲû֣˰£ڻб֮⣬ʲôû
ܵԺһƬհף֪ΪΣʶؾԼûЩͻһƵġ
֪˶ãֱִָ֣ĥĥ
ʱѾеʶ㱣Լ̫ץס歵֣ǽڷס
˰üЩˣкģЩơȣʴǵķʹĥţֻܽԲ˵ο壬ͬһץסš
˿ѵģʱԲôƫѾ־ˣûôغ͹˼ɡŴڰؿ޳Ĳ䶼ЩʪˣܶƲס롣£ܵͣ͵ֻа歲
歴˴ۣûоٶãְ̧ھڷ°ǵظྱ䣬޵ض˶
һѰɽ󴨣ոһ긴һ꣬ʬԹǧټǧһֱֶΣΪľǽһ
ЩǱضҪģһ̾͹ˡ
ϸ׵ָѱ࣬翵Ằʦ𡭡
ϧʱѾʶ壬ЩѾõĹȥꡣ
ɽ򡢰ǵʮǣɽ
壬¡Щһ𿹵еʿɲ׶ħ׵
ɽѩƮ䲻Ъվ˺ѵħǰĴһЯֽӡǵʮǵֿЩħΪڻ
ħڣֵֿҲ޷ڳסһֵܵסʱɣգۼͱֲħקȥһңǿܼסλܼû˰
һȻңûԮڵ
ȻһλҲûˣֻʣһ˳š
δɵķӡʳѹסǵʮǵ˵ˣ˱ϽҲħ
һʿҲֲ֧ס£ȫѪģھγ鴤ջĿ
඼ŲסʱԮˣֻ˵ĽעȴǻµԪʼ
ǵʮǵ˻ʹ޴󺰣飬ҲмĬġ˽ˣնȺֱһ̶ɱУһֻʮСʿԱߣᶨ˵ϣʦ
ûгûлͷһۣȻԤϵ֡
𣬹һ£𲻹ɲ֮䡣
šüͷΪʹذŰ歡
ȱңϵðԼΪλȴ£ڰǵЩ֮ĿʼԼԵɡ
¡
һ棬ı¡ֻʱ»ħһʮŮӣЦ˵ϰ㡣
ʱľûа歡
֮ܰУйһӡ
˭º·ľٶħʧǣֶ֡
ֻľȴͰ歷˽ɣףлãһʧء
߬歵ֱۣʪˣҵ佻֯˴
歴Ӻһạ̃ˡ
ĴûأͻƵĹͷͶǵջǻʱ磬¾ʱ֣౻ɵʹĥ̫Ŀɵñ˱۾صڰϡ
ž壬ֵ϶ûˣԶԶȥһƬš
»ʪ͸ˣţܣЩҵļջͬһصľʯѹһ¶ܡ
΢ͷ䶯¡
ʺ˳ϸ߻䣬ϸݵǣٻ£봿׵֮С
ںң΢΢һ۾Ƽ¶׼ؿϷ඼ʪıģˮнȾ
歡˶٣СⶼЩɢ
˽ЩӦš
ȴûк󻰣ֻغۣ촽źŻĥҵĿ
ɫڳһߣտΪҹĻɽͷûǳ谵֣Ĺ߱ʮֱ
ֱƽϢ۵ص£ų֡
ַȥ
ЩһֱԼԪ֮УͬԴܳ
ྭлôңҪ歰æɣ̫ˣ֪ʲô᲻ֻ۵ؿţδֹ
໥Ỻÿһ羭
ϵأԽԽ̫ƣˣ֪ҪЩʲôҲûҪܾ˼

歽֮Уһһڽȥ
һͣ漴ץ˴Լֱۡ
ϵؽڣΪһ塣
歵ĺƽȣȴ̣ȫеľࡣ
˲۽ޣָϢȣͣһ˲ؿ΢£սС
ʦ𡪡
ֻ⽫ѹţ԰ơ
ûлӦ
ɽţȴմȾơ̵ʪ



60 
ɫ ڵƻɺֵԵӰҡҷ΢죬 һһشš
ջСһӣ ˺ˮȥһŷֽ֮ǽȥ æ͹ؾسȥͷβû˵һ仰 ûʴڵĴϿһۡ
Ͼڿջô깤˶ɫ˵֪
ֱŹϣ вŻζ£Ҳû̫Ķ
Ծɱ歱ڻУܶԷҵķɣ û Ժ㣬һ飬Դӹѳ
һһգɵѾǧ꣬ʱۣ չʱвͬ
΢ȴ£ Ƶ࣬ ׵ļϡûлӦ Ҳֲֻ
ʪɬģȴһԴѩɽζһֱûɾ뵱һЩ̰طУ촽޵ز̲סֱ˼
ҵİ۱ֱϣʣһ㱡İɫ¡±ʪڴɰ׵ļϣճµô¸Լ¶װأʵɰǳζģ֪ͷ
˾һǣݵ۵ļϡ
΢΢Ĵʹн͵ץСϵָ
ʦ𡭡ǷϣɤѹţǷ̣Ѱζ⡣
˽ʲô˵Ҳʲôֻ޼һûûƵġ
ţΣɿֻ֣ĬȻصֿŶԷ
歲İԽӣ̬ȣ߳ôߵ̧ͷȵĴƵϣҪġϢᣬȴޱȣ̵ļ£ܲѣʪȸ̫ĥˣЩߡ
з紵ȴʼմʣ̨ϵӭ£û𣬷յʢƵĻӣѹ֣ϡɼ˿һΣڰ死еͻȻ̲ﲱ΢°ͣؿ
ʱôãڱձѹƽϢѰʹԽ˶һ㣬ֻܱߴ߼ѹסԼĲƽȡ
϶ʺ۶ҵòӣ΢¶Щ⻬Ƥĺٿ»䣬ʱ͵֮Уһǳʪۡ
歽£Щɿ֣ãḧ˸ʪǴָĥĥһһ»䣬ֹΪȡ
಻ӦҲֹҪʱ仺һڰ歴չʱĬĬţֱͽˣźǷ۵ʣʲô
ȻʵǰôȵԼҲ֪ͽΰ쵽ġ
ȻﻹҵҪЩ׷ӿļ䲻ԼģٵĻˣǵľԼɽϾѾ䣬ȴȫΪλš
ȴش촽త£ʣʦˣ
ûȫĬϡ
ô䵭歶㷴Ӧ̫⣬ôˣʦ
˵úܣضէһͦʦصʵ־䶼ḡ
Ȼϰߣ֮ƽϣһ䣬˹֮ס
ֻǿϧ歴Ǹرֵƽӷźۼ֫ƣǯưסָΪ§ơ
ഹ˴ƤʶҪסͽ֪歾һ߬ס֣ʮָۣԷֿ
ոǰ㣬Щλһһϸ콡컵ǣݡ
˴ǰЩµÿһܴôϤĽܲɷ֣ЩԽĻƲ£ںڰ֮еأϤ֣¶ڰƵ֮С
ʴǵĸܻô޷ȴƽˮˣϵĴٴγܣҹҹϤ֣Ʋɢ
ڹļ¶޷Ĩģֵݷţ˽֣ץסǰŵı죬µޱû
歲ˣŽԭίһһ
ֻʣһƲȱ꣬歲ֻܰԼڣֱȫ֧ĻǣŸֻ̼Ϊѣ˺Щųɹ
û˵̫ϸ£ʹ
壬ô׾ģο಻ǳˣҪЩƱط˲С
ǧꡭ
򴽣ԼȥɽͽʱĳԼûԪ
ЩȻԼйء
歸ܵ岢ǰǸȫȫ֮еӣʱЩ;ƿݣǲòߣԼصѩɽߡ˹أ󲻽ȫʧ˱״̬Сձʳѩ̵˻ȥ
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¶޷Ԥϵһжôɣ֮·й½ҵ飬ְڣԵɺ֮¾ɽطꡣ
ڤڤ֮עתתˡ
ʱģʡ
死صûãǶ϶ģǵò̫
ķ̫أ׾ͻָûˣҲͷ
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ҲԣĬȻ˰ӣȥϴĺա
ҵĥһǼۣ֮ڰ歵ЩУûܾˮϸϸϴһ顣
ǰ£ϾŸոռ𣬳ʵ̫ѹ˶꣬էһ뻹Ŀ
ɴӱסˮͷʣʦ£
ûзϣ
ȴûʣҲֻֽʵˮн˽
ˮ治ƽһȦһȦ
ʦͽأؾۺվͬϤİǲͣЪֵˮͬŪһ㡣
ഹϸܵ۽ޣۿζˮ
˽ˮϡɼֻˮڻζƲ
ͣס˶ٽŪǳˮζˮ㽥ƽִˮָ̧޳ðˮ˳ֱСۻ䣬ડͰУˮģ
ЩѬˣһ˲
ˮ£歵һִֻϸݵǰߣͣʵСϣʱֻϡ
歡
ȴûʱӦûͣ¾ٶˮֻһ˲ٿ۵ľ䣬ˮָںϸϸĥš
಻ܿص£Ỻ
ϸָ»䣬ͣؿϷٳߣˮ洦
ڳҹžʲôֻжԷĺ
ˮ̫̣Ƕϸеȡ
òŻصš
ˮ֮£Ҫ˵ԷͻȻתȥҪ˵Ļȫûڴ֮䡣



61 ɢ
ʢˮľͰЩСͷȶֱ ֻܹŶԷ ǿȡ಻ס˵˫磬 һ˲ Ӧ ǵůȴнԻ ޼¶ȴʱ̫ԶЩη崥
ͫײɵý һʱ֮޴ӷӦ ð歵óˡ
ͽ㲻ɣ ʳ֪ζؼȡϢռУ¶ѵõ
Щʴӣ жҵİôΣ  ȴ޴ӷйŨҶǿʢ Գܣ ڶⶼȾϱ졣
ζӣûƿǰˣ ţ ʪַڰ歼ϣ ¶Сӻˮ
ĺеˣ ̫ƽȣ µؿھ˼¡
歽һֻıϣƵ΢͹ļιǴḧ˸
۽ޣϢٿһ͡
歽еøЩȫԼϣʼȥ׷Ĵһ೤Զ֪òŵԽ
ܹĴúǺĨɫ֬ϷӸµؿŰ正þò
˶û˵ݳĬеף໥磽ô룬һԳ֣һᣬռʮ㣬ִȥǰ˰࣬°ͣһ·¡ֱˮλá
ͷβûֱ˷ԼǰһֳڶԷϣһֱԺ
ΥĴͻϮżʱ̫ãŸոջָ··ͷ죬һֱζ
ʱоô˸еľ룬ڵ꣬Ʊػƿˣֻƣס歵ıָ΢΢ݽԷƤ֮С
òֱƤ࣬°ϻˮ׵ʪǰ˳ŤۣƷ˿ǡǡڰΪۡ
Ŀ֮ӡ
ĺڷ°ȫɢˮУƮŴţЩȥҴŶԷҲôɣͷϰؽǰڵס룬Щէй
㽩һе㲻ƿռŵѹö촭ҪƿЩ֪նһ£ûԶ٣ͱ歷ס֫ѹţɲǼͽڶԷϡ
Ͱеˮε˼¡
歵ЩѹϷţһһʪȵ˱
̫̲סҪڲòסľͰԵ
歽Ƶ࣬ʣЩˣ
ػ񣬰ΣƽŻص֡
̫ƽǿѹסԭеԼ˿Ļ޴룬ƽƲ⣬ɽ
歵û̫ϾŻָ䣬˿̻һңȻԼʲôǰ˾͸֡
û֣త˰˿ЩԾɷ䡣
˾ô泯Է̻¶ȴмֱֹ׵̹ζջеܵرߡ
ʱôഫƺȽϽ
Ӱ쵽ڣӰһûϢȥǿ϶ᵣǡԥƬ̣Ƴµˣȥ
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ܲסض˶٣ˣɵؼ˵ɤʱ࣬Щ֡
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ҪѳڵĻ˲䱻ûһ㵲ѡ

ҹɫ΢һԲ𽥱ѵƶʳ֮øӺڰʱֵϵĵƻ඼ϨˣڳһƬϳѲߵĹٱûӰ
죬ľ֮ҡûͣЪ
ԼĪһ󣬿ջ¥ĵƻˣҡβڳȥ

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ڰִɳʵ׵Ը˵תϣּܲ֡
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һϹȥ͸ѿ²̨ףЦǺǳȰͣȻҲᣬƫ򻳿մʦ鿴˵䣬֮ôֿˣ
廹̣ȫ̵ˣںǽһȻ鵱ֱӷȥ
ûôǷǣ̫ΪЩ˻Ϊ֥¸ĵﻹԼʦģǾǰ˵˼û
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ӰסͨСϸˮ̴̧ƹȥһƣް촽˿ڣƮƮɢʵߵôʲôȥˣ



62 
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ฦһȥײ׵У׽ԷεĻʱ ޶˶ͷһ ϳݣصе¡
񻪰ˮ̴׶ а׵ʳָһûһص˵ɫˮ֪ϸϸƷ̻ζ˼һζ˵𣿡
š಻ԣ
еİʱ̽ԴڴͷƳ񻪣 ƼϵѰζ ɵͫףá
ǿеİë꣬ ûջ̽ߣ ִˮ̴ ͷ ̣ٿ࣬Ǽʣʲô£
һŲ£Ӳ̫࣬˴β֪ͬ಻ԸỹִҪʣвݵζ
֪Ǻ⣬һסˣǵȻ˵ڲ˵
񻪻ɲǼӣס毺õһˮ̴ûг˼ʱԶؿǽһ硣
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СӽʱһⳡˣСһ㣬ʶȤصƲͷۿ档
ʵ±಻ռ챻ͻϮĻ̻̣ҳһţΣʱȴһԶ뿪ʱŻȷʵ̫׵
Ȼ֪񻪵ı⣬û⣬Ҳ潫¸֪ƽӦһȥ¥

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ʱŸոҩֹ⻬ϸţûۣ洫һ
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ſڴֻܰڰڣڲһ۾ƼǰĨѹŵԲףɫƽƿߣ°˿ڴϣƵϵǣš
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֪Լİηηģֻʲô
ǹһ¶ѣ⸱Ǳ㷲ģԤϣɫƽȻҲûʲôϾûʵˡ
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ȥྶֱط䣬;ַſڣ洫ʱԾͣ²ӡ
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˶٣漴Ჽ߿
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ʱԷеԱߣôԹֻ̧࣬ס֫ǵشչʪȵ촽ʦҪʱЪϢô



63 
һ· йأ ɫѩ׽ӳģһһ Ȼ෴
޶ԣ ƤӶһ£ ֹˮ
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ϣ ֽô ˿̱歴ӺռʮرţȻݲȣ ƽкûһ˿
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ҹڿջУ ˲ ʱ໹ûȫָ ˶ƣ״̬УΪΪϵóˡ
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糤ɾݲͽΣԴ˿ջûۣ԰ҹǲŲʡʼպۣĴ
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64 
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65 ǿӲ
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տﲻ˵ ֤ף ЩռˣѾǹ׶һ㡣
ٱ ɫ䣬 һ̧ʯ  ӭҹ
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Ҳѹִ֣Ѿҽ ֳ˷ڵĳϣ ҵݺݵش ĻЩ˿аá
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ʰƳ࣬ ƼͷϵİëʱէȻ㶡
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69 
ֵĻ谵ѹ˴ խŷйй еҡҷ ƵĻƽЪ
Ǿ棬ڳ˵ԽԽ
±ַˣ ʱס ûж ֻץڰСϡ
歵ûַ ֻôΣǿߵſʱͻȻСʣʦʲô
仰˵üᣬ ѹõͳ΢ơ
޶˶ͷ ȴûѶԷƿ
ǰİ歾㣬Сһ붼ݲ¡
Σվûлش ֻƫͷˡ
У Ǳ߱˵ ڸڷſվ һ̸۽£ Ҳû˵ҪĻ ྶѡ
ָ̧࣬ ûʲô ָֻʱе󣬵á
ⷬٶֹڴˣ֮䣬ͻȻָưྱ࣬Ƶеĺ䣬Ħ¡΢Ĵһ£ЩӦɵ׻ˣΰ歵о
һס正ֻ˲˵Щ
Ҳһ˵ϾԼĻȻϵģ死ˣ㶲ѣӲӦ
歾һ
ںڰվţôܸܵԷᱡĺҲʹ˼˲Ϣ֮˱仯ɽլйƵľ
Ǵǰ¹լס졣
һԼˣЩΪľٶҹȥƷ£ʱ಻ƣҲ֪б˼ھȥˡ
ʵҲûͺ衣ʱİ死󣬲ײͤ裬úܣ뿪ͤӻطϻζضһˮ
γٻϦദ֮»ܲһǰ㲻ԾǴʱʼɵġ
ûǺ裬һҪЪϢˣҪð뿪
ûߣֱڵĲˮϣζ˵ݳϵĲˮȵãͽĲˮͺȲãʦǺ⣿
ʱֻšüͷ˵ʲô
ȴûлشǳ˳
İ死С̫£ֱֱģ֪Խ˶ٴΣǱ˲٣ΪЩ¶Ҳֵֿ̫ƣǲϰߡ
û̫ãʱ뿪ˡ
໹ûɿиͽȴȻжһתȥôڴ
ȻµҪʲô໹ֹͱԷס˴
β֮ǰºֱͣ̽룬аԥ
ĸ̫Ϥǰأѿڹ޷ᣬٴξܣ಻ɵЩ´棬ĳǸԳֵˣô꣬ȻͽУüʱֹģȴһݽȥ
̸֮вȣˣһһƣһ
歸δζ֮߳µ鳱¶ƱİӿѪ
˾ϣӦʳ˼̻ϵһвеԶĻ߸ϣȴ֪һ£һ޷ͷ·
歵İ̫Ũң޷ӦһǾþδܽ
䣬˰ԵͻȻ䡣һڴӷŵлǸϽֵ̧м䣬ѹ𡭡
û
Щʹĥ񾭣ůʪ󴥸С
ʱ̫¥¥ϲʱ˾Ժڷϡµ˵űϣһƬһεĳУȻοһǽڵι̣ʵױ֡
ôʿûн磬ڳšǱŪ̫ţʶۣ߬úܡ
ȴûа㲻ڣƣϸ°ͣ࣬޽ǡ
ڰŴй٣ʹǰȻܵԷÿһϸ΢ı仯ԳסϵΣ˻ջǿڣ歡
֪ô˵ôζ̫Ծн˰歵ķԼҰҲãǸո˱ҧҲգ֮ûܾų⣬Ĭˣзε˼
ػһεˣһǧǰѣ뿪ʦԷ߾Լ뿪һֱǶꡣһεסԼ᲻ѡ
ָоʵìܣ
ûԳ׵顣ֱۣͬ治壬ֻ£ʱʱĵ׵ԲŻǰ·ϡ
ûлػϰ㷴Ӧ漴̧°ְͣȥ޶ȵ׫ȡϢռ̫ǿֱ׵úΣһഽշתһ˵ʦûشҵĻ
ϸĲһ˵ûʲô
˵һӡ
½˸ģ¸
ָ歵رеĶ֮ԡ
ǰĻԵôãǴС͸İ正ҲСʱֵͷ˾Ͳˡʱһ᲻飬ʲôʦͽ⣬ȴȫȻһˣȻ½ԱȽ䵭ǻͽܣоڰ歿ʵǴۡ
ǧǰ£ֽ½ԣʹ⣬ɰ死ں
бɽͷļʱշתô꣬עһӵ࣬ǼԱаá
㶣ٲȻûϵ
ʦͽô޼ɴûͱƴֽڴйе룬ŶԷѷᣬеĻվû˵δһйصĻֱӱֳ
벻Ӧҹڵĳٻ¶죬ã˵½ж˴Σķ⡭
˵һֹͣͷ·Щ࣬Ϊ½ԣⲻӣӦֱӲشǣ˽ͷʲô
歶ôĬ
һĽͽмĻһӡ
βŷӦĬ
˾ôţ˭ûпڻǶ
ʱǰַ̧౳󣬽£С˶٣չ黹ٴηˡ
һԳĬʼĬʲôһˡ

Ǹ죬ů㣬ڲиգůˣԱȳ죬ô䡣
磬첻´ˡ˵û˯һȥ飬һԾûУƤ鷿ȱ˲ˮ뿪һžײճ࣬һ
ǣ·ģͻȻͳˡ
һذѰװУ˾էէĽһֲۣɫķ䡣
δע⵽ʵĶȥˣôһ϶ûơ
£漴ɫ糣ڴЪñȽ磬ûơ
Ҿ˵ţѾЪ˾ûȥ˵ûһ˿ɣȻʮ࣬԰գͻȻ뵽ʲôʣˣճǵ˵𣿡



70 
಻֪飬 ʵ£
ŷ£ ո˵ģֵ Ⱦأɵֻ˲˵ճǱߡдسȫʬˡ
νʬ ֱ׵˵ˡˡ лʬ䣬ʬ
ճɽˮ㣬ḻƽ˼սΣЩϴڵı¸û£һġǿķسϰٸذ鲼Ƭ֣ȥȫӹײеֻʣһ׹Ǽܣ еĲȥãϵö ƺƵʬӳҹȥƼֱˡ
Ҫϴ˵ӳһԶĵطפأ ׼ һЩʬ Щʬ˺޹ˡ
δճǣ Ҳ˵̫Ϣֻ齲ЩʬƽʱĲͬΪɲЩ
ʬҪôԹ̫лɣҪôǱɵģƽʱһ㶼Թ̫ػɵģٵ²Żʬǿ׶ԸճǵʬͬЩʬ뺷㱻նضȷؼǰУֻûղֹ
˵ֳжֲʬֹزţϴһʼʤΪʮӣʵǲҲ̶á
ʿʬΪһ£ЩҲû˵ôֲɵ˼üͷ塣
˱߱ģȥ¥³Է
ڵ¹غţһʵʳϰϰ
к½Թһԡ
½ԽۣǰɫǼÿЩʣǵòŮ͵͵ơһȳະʦ𡣡
ֻ˵ͷȻ¡
ӵһģֽڿظʢóԵģ½಻ţԸСˡ
ʦá
ʦƽʱķͽæ̳ʳҲӦõģ⵹ûʲôϰΪ˵°ա
½Իصǡ
ʦͽ֮䲻ƽֺͰ׽Щ䵭½Ѿϰߣ֪ȣüЦ
ʱеİǡǡ½м䣬һԣ½泯࣬˦˦β͡
ڶİʲô֪ЦƹһС룬װŰ׸⣬ð歳ԡ
ûжֱ߲ɽ
ͷϵ˼Դ½һ͵ʱŻڣڸϵšûдϣ˹࣬һװ׸Ƶǰ
ƺ飬û׸һ̧ۣԴ֮࣬ӡ
£ڵϹķǵ£ţһ϶ûù½Ծô˵棬ѡӣֱˣŽ׸𣬵ݵǰ
׸ⲻСаëԴô󣬱ǰԼԲŶ˵ģŰ歰øˡֻİѲЩʱǸֻмİëӣ˿ֻ࣬ǲ̫ˬ½ԣɵ׸ݵԼǰǴչȥԡ
ëûԼ̧צӽߣֻȥһСڡ
ϳԶΪˣûôģؼιʱĽͻȻ˵˾仰ʶ̧ͷȥҪָͻȻʪȸС
ë򣬽׸һС
Ļʱסһʱ֮ԼҪɱϾϻˣֻܲԾָԴ˱ܿ
ʱֻצһס֣Ųš
ĬȻ޼ɵͽվʲôû
Ľֲע⵽ЩȻͲˣʵզ˵ˣôˣ
Ż񣬰Σûô
ŷϵ£һ඼ڷŰ正ֻ󵨷о
ڰ死أûٸɳԽ¡
֮Щ죬˵ô£֮ǰ̫һˣҹ֮ǰ໹ȽƫȻùЩЩңԶȥˣֻʵһֱûۣȻһǰ
Щŵأʱص㣬ɲġ
Ĺϵûü˳͵˸뿪ǵʱ
ǰͶҪȥǵʮ̽飬²˳٣ȥˡ뿪ûֹҲ֪ڰгﻮʲô˻ٶеţЩһϮӺݾ
ߣ֪ΪΣԼָоǱʶ;ο϶ǵʮйأǵȥһ˲ɡ
˴ǰǵʮǣ˵ô󵽲ױٳ˷ȥɽҵɽϵķ÷ܽǵʮǣȽ鷳
һ磬һȺ˾̳ױϡ
ƻҪһ𣬿ɽ˼£ϾСΪ̫ͣԼˣһ·ҪΣգԹ˲Ͼܻס
и񻪣ǰЩ£ﻰ˼񻪶԰ЩϾҲΣķ
е䣬컹Ϊܸһߣֱ£׻ֻͽֵſڣٷֱǰ˵ʦһ·أӾﾲ
ֲذڰֱ֣봫
һʦͽ̧ۿ˿Сİչ黹ĬȻԡ
û̫עЩֻƳŵİë꣬ϴʼ͹ҹҲˣϴ˯ֻڽ½ԣһֱڳζ
봫󣬵ױϲ˲Ϣ֮䡣
һƬ֮أȥɳûб߼ʵĺˮΧһûУǻ
ױͨˮ򣬿ƽĺˮмǿãЩѹܣܷɳһСξ룬֮ҲΪʳ뺣УǱˮеĹԵ
ҪͨȫķӾǳۺɡ
׼ҷۼ˽ƣ൱һϣŲ䣬Ҳɲ̫ߣٶҲر졣
ôȥŵеɽҲա
ڴշдţûиһ𣬽ȫΪǵʮ֮ؿɱȲױҪֲܲƽȥδ֪
鶼Ƚϳأ˷ںǧŵԸǰʣµ˶ģҶǵʮǸʲôطЩȥ޻أһﶼûס
֪Щ˵뷨ûǸȥܣҲ뿴ǽ뷿ֱӰŹؽ
жɣʱúܿ졣
ڴ
ſţӱ۾Ҳû
ֱڳīŻΣɿۣӣ࣬͵ͻ
ڳĴ౾ÿȻȴһۡ
̫ڣƼı仯ʱһ罫ǰӿ໳С
ʦһû˵ˡָָ̧氤˰
˵ʲôû˵ģ΢΢ͷƫǱߣձ㴥˶Է޽Ǵ
Ҳǲ̫ڣ˻ڽУһƵ
̧ͷãǴ˰



71 
ױ½вͬ ȥããһƬ 㿪ŴһƳҲʲôƲ һ˿ûУֻüˮӿڵ
ûоܾҪʱ ͳнš
ҲǾͿ̤ǰȥĵط ƽľˣ׻˼ɣϾһˣǲһġ
歵ûַ ˱һ ޹Ƶĵֿϣ βէȻֳǴľʵذϣʣµϡ
չǺ꣬о޷뱾ԣ歽һֻϣֵ˻У Ǳ̬ؿز˲䣬ʱƵྱѴ 棬 š
һһôһ
ã һֻֻס֫ţ໳С
Сʱʱ㣬ǻûûصģһż±ͷֹԵϲ䣬ˣ䲻ʱǻϿ
ͬˣû£ȴϰԵֿס࣬໥ţЩ̰ؼȡŶԷϢڻ
˶٣漴ˣԷȫȫſʱʶ̧֣ڰ歱󣬿ֲڴ
һ˲Ƿ¡
歶βͣǾ쵽ոյľٶûֳ
ã˵աСЩ
ڵǵʮǲǰǧ֮꣬ɷ죬ǵǺִɢĹ»ҰһͨСܱȵģοﱾΣأ󷨻ţȥԺҪȫ˺ѡ
ͻĹʵڲѰƫͷ˿ϵת࣬ٻϣָ°Ħ
ʦڹң
ûֱӻӦֵǵñܿЩ󷨡
ʦͽǰȥǵʮǣսڼǻһֱǶָơ
ʵѣҲǵЩ
ǹ˹֪˿϶ӦԼֻøЩ˶ſڶԷϣ˵ʦˣҰǰȥ
ȻȥȻ˽⣬ûɵĵġٽƵ࣬Լȥ˰
Ҷ඼û̫ķӦֻǼ΢΢ֱǲ̫ڡҹڿֻ˼ۣûȫ£һţ΢һͻᱻ
һ̣͸ܵˣһֱ֪
ϵײֹأȻɿץס֡
һûһ£漴ѿʵȥǵʮʲô
׽סָĥĥ߬΢ȵһŻصʦǵʮǳˣҪ㣬ȻҪȥһˡ
ϲ˵඼ˣԼҲǵʮǵһԱֻǺΪĳЩ²ò뿪˴սǻڼҲûлȥ̤ױ
ģÿʱҷʼжʼǵʮǣҶ˶ϲġҪ͵ô鲻ȥǵʮһˣҵǰƬһΡ
һᵽ£ྲĬΣͷվǱ
ִ֣ڴ߰£顣
ܿƵض˶ָȴСĴȵĴʱƵģþҪ֡Ȼ֪̫ٻǴ̫ҪÿþûжǾƬԴʪ
ԲͷָĥԼҪʱȥ׷ָ⡣
ڰпйٱһ׷ϣָʱʪȵĸо
һͣ歹ִԽľٶúܲڣ˵ĹУ໥̫֮Ϥˣ쵽˶׼ȷҵÿһĵ㣬Ρ
ʹƲԷҲ󵽴ʱ˿ʲôһҡҷǰ㣬ÿζᷳƵġ
ץ󣬲κοѵĻᡣ
ڳĻ̫ѹ֣øÿһٶ໥о
ʣֻֽ߬Լ½ǣ۶ˡ
歺£ŷŹԾûɿͷֱץַԼǴλá
ʦ𡭡ͽζСѹӻǰЩ
˵ͷмƴ䣬ϣѻһɨ
򴽣Σصš
ּ£һһǻ
ǸĴӱɢʧȥٿ߻䡣歰ڵأǰŲЩڶʱ򣬼ϵ֮䣬ɿ䵽ֱϴš
ûеƻ࿴ϴʱ̬޴ƼԷеӿָ⻹ʪģڰ歹⻬ļϻ
ʦҲҪСЩ˵ץס΢΢ȻЩر۾ţҹʳ˵־ıյĻУĳЩܻᱻŴ࣬ʱֻơ
֮ڲ½ϵķӣΪխЩһһÿһסʿǽֺ顣
˽磬ڵ죬ĸ߹ʱʱͻᴫ̸
䣬Ѿ歵ֵ߿š
ڵķ䲻󣬴ȽϵͰľϣ΢һ̧첲ܳڴߡ
ͻȻɾ౧ԸţĽף价Լϡ
һֻֻϣһʱ֮䱻ǣߣ֪ԷҪʲôе
ϰǶϤ뷨Ƶģǯס֫ʱ˵ʲô
һ㶣ϸϸһĦ仰ӷȡ
ʦԳ֣Ͻһʧ̬죬ΣվǶһ˵ˣҪȥһˡ
֪ҽڣȴû𴩣ֻʵҪȥ˭
಻ԾñŴ˼Ƭ̣ص飬Ҫȥ̸¡
歽ԼϵץøЩһ㣬ɢ˵ȥڷˣû
ڷ䣬ǽֵķ䡣
δ㺬壬Ҳδ˵һͻ
ȴЦ£ûһſ֣۰£
ڷϨˡ
Ȼڷʲôһʶţ˲ܸ֪ڵȻҲָܷڵĶ
⻰ıζ̫ԣγٶۣ΢һܶǺ⣬ԺʱӽַſھǸ
Щ뽭ַһֱ̡
Ĭ˻û˵
ûѻ˵̫ףס֫俿ԼЩҲظո˵Ļʲôûֻؾرš
֪˶ãֿʵʦ𣿡
ͣһĪͻȻôˣתúܿ죬ʲŵ岦ˣ¶ֿ
౻Ū⧲һŻ
ǧ꣬ʵ̫ˣԸ̫ãϾʱѾˣûܾߵ£ɶ԰˵Щҹÿһ̶Ƕڰţôá
һʻʵڳ벻룬˵Լˡ
಻֪ô˵ã歡

촽ضֹǸĿ˵ѵƵϰա



72 ִ
һһˣ ڿռŵҹɫ
ûȥƣҲûһӦ ǽȥ
ٶ֮䱡ıݣ˺ڰеů콡컡
зӴڴһͣЪ էȻЩ䡣޴ӷӦ ţнţ歽ϸ䵽°ϣ ʱһ˲ھᵽ׸ô վûж
۱ʱ ȣʰڰϣһ §ס歹ϸݵ֫
Ͼڷ֮ϣ⻹ʿҪִɽ ʦͽûûô סĵߡ
ֻһҹ˶ûô˯ ںҹ֮оݣ ໥ο壬 ֱбˣ
úģ࣬ڰ䣬޽Ǻ;඼бϢе㲻ȣ΢ͷ۶Ű正ˮвʤ
ץס֣Լؿڷţ֮ӡ
ʱ΢й˵Լɼ
ָڣչ
ôһһµĶã歺Ȼٿһתѹ¡
ԼĪһӺ󣬳컹ûһЪϢ
ܿ죬ո۵Ĺͳˡ
˯˯žͱ˱̬ڴһǾ˯ʱ´ˣȥһȲ緹
һҹֽǹʦͽĬἰ
ֵÿչһˣʦͽںȲ裬˾񲻴ϵҲõòˣר͵ҩ
ʱǵʮǣҲ֪ôЩҩ㶼ϣˡ˵װҩĳϸƿһһؽܵҩĹá
ֵΪ鶼ҪͣһΪˣְͦѵҩãÿ˶һݡ
£л
ֶ䣬õִɽСġ
Ӧ̧ͷƳ־࿿λдϵĺۼֻ·ڵױ֡
㶣ߣʲôûƼһŲ
غİɢſϣƳ˽ϵĺۼһ㶼⡣
ȫȻûԾ˶뿪֮ȥ
෴ЩڣڵĲˮڡƫԴ˿ôͷצϾſ˻ʱͻȻ໳š˶٣£ٿ⣬ΣͿ쵽ɽˣȥԺСĵ㡣
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нٶȺܿ죬ԼĪʱͽһƬŨصĻɫ֮У̫һŵĵڴ֮ǰѾؽеĴͨڹرգұƣҲңڴдžС
ڽ֮ǰʹŰȥ淿䣬ʿһ
ûٰѰ歷Уϡ
ŷ뵽֮УڵĹ谵ֱȫȻ
еӲأɵһ䣬ôڣΪβơ
֮Լʦһѵ⡣
ԵɣĻ㶨ĹءǰЩʿһӷǰȥǵʮǲ̽ڹƬɫϵʱ˵ƣûȫյøɸɾǻյֿʢ֮ͽɴô𲻵ӲǰѷճɻҽŰݣֻǻûüƵһҷ¡
Ƭ϶Ȼͨ浽ײЩʲôδ֪鷳ǰΪá
ߣʱ̾һж
Ǵû˴ΪǵʮǳˣǸ˽
Ƭһֱڣǵʮǵһûɵģֹ׽ΧϡŨĻ֮вٻɽ֣ǵʮ֮أЩûԼˣʵҲʮֲֿҪԸʵڼ֣ǲҪΪá
಻źۼۼһƣۣʶȥ֪ΧһС
ЩŨ֮еľֶԷѾ񣬿ɵųʶǸоӵǵʮѪ˵Ĵڣо˲ʱ׷Ϣˡ
ʲô歺ؽβ;ϣŲ˵Դѡ
ָֻ̧ۣ˸ëļӦ
֮е˲ûо쵽ЩһǳһĶᵽɤۣ֮лͻȻڳʲô
Ҿʻһξ󣬷ͻȻײ嶼Ϊ֮ζ˵ʱ䱸ˡ
ԾɵȻţһת
һ̣ۼǰС
ײǻɽ磬ԲŻˣཫɽ򿪣Ȼ˳ͨС
˰正˭֪飬ȫԴһӡһ㶼⣬ϣʱʱ̧̧β͡
³⣬нٶԼĪӵĹŷɳƬصϣ𽥱ͷһ
ޱ裬أԺ˿ڣɨ˵Թ۲촧Ħ
鲻֪ʱվ˽ԣҪȫ˼
ཫһĻ۵ף漴𴦡
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ﻹһˣԷǶһ㴹Դôعڵϡ
ǰ
С챻вȣնɱˣͬҲ⵽ķɣֻʣһţʱûӡ
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歷صǰ棬֮ʱߵԱ߰š
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ʲôʣ̧ȥһĮҪʲô
ݸϡ
û֣סİܺǺ
µһ㶼ںסĲһǵͼϣв࿴صҪͷϸһˣ֪ǷԸ⡣
ĮȻȥĶ
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ʿԽԽ࣬ѹѹһƬŽΧм䣬ƱڳǱ߻
ûκλӦֻôؿţޱ顣
ƢԲãƳ˦ȥ߶ٿرСϵ˲ƵǱߣ
ϧڣƺǿ˲٣һµס˰歡
һ㲻Ѱ歷һ֣ʿ׷׵ǰ棬ŵס歡
ʽֱӽЩµ򿪣ƵǰһצӣӲ˺ü
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һԸһܵУɲ֪ΪʵԭˣǵܵסĹܷǣס
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ҪԸ糱ˮӿĹʿ鲻
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ָϽסһһ˲䣬ȴһ¡
ͬʱһеߣԷĿ󣬶ʱһ¡



77 
˼ݾ٣ ȫͿֲˣ ֻʣ۸һƤǺõģ ۽һϤ룬쵽Բϴ
ʶֻһ۽룬 һǸȥˡ
ս໹ȥһμȷȷʵʵˣǱģһſҲãӡ
Ҫʵ̫˽⣬Ҳһ۾ܰϳʱ֣ûٴ
ȴûУ ǳûƺһ㶼ⱻˣֻˡ
һߣ ±һ˵ͷʱ𣬿ʲôûаֳɣ϶ԷʱһΧס˵Ĵ
Ȼƾڵ˿϶סͰ正 ֻԭڴ˴ķۣʱһ߶󷨶ѡ
һޱȵĴ֣˶ӦͬʱĻˣŨص֣Ͽա
Զİ歸һͷ£Ƽڽİһס
нԼȫʵʵɤͬסҲϿӣѹϲ˭°׽ߣҲûϳ߱ƣ歾ϳˡ
໹Ҫ𾪣ŵؿţһֲٰģʱȥǰݣЩһǣҲÿ궼ȥݣʯѽڵУ˭ûֹ쳣
ˣʱȴݾٵس֡
ʦͽͻıʴң˿Ӱ죬ûжأ̧һ¶ȫȻı˻϶ûһе飬ֻбĮںûаŮطĶݣѿˡ
ϵ正ȴİǳ˶ԴûһеķӦ
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ǿ룬طһ㶼
ƫƫǸˡ
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ʱѽᣬʿ׷ȥŻҵľҲֹסһվ̧̧ۿ歺࣬ϴݵͬУɼ±歴ҲûиеķӦĮ
ֻ°歾ôɱˣκα仯
飬֪ӦԣΣڵ
һŶԷ
ݵƿͷϵİñҲˣɴؿࡣ
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ЦЦʣʲôΪʲô
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歱ӦҲûô׾ͽܣ˲仯ΪµΣס´ʺ;ôϡ
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û磬ԼŮû仯ϵģݻصǰˡ
㣬ڣ̧λ˵ǰ˵ҪĸһҰǺˣˡ
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歵ĻȻЦˣһһ߳ؿŰ歡
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ǿߡ
˼壬ƳɿܿƣѹְͻȻˡ
Ҳ֪˭ô󣬾ҰڳҰ㣬ԻǰļģԼʶǲƣħһ㡣
ǰסڿǸߣŭ죬֪ǴǰǸֻһвдʶǣͲ飬סʵ˭
ʵĲǰǱٿǸ
ϧῪڣĻ֮˸ԱݣֻٿŰԸ
ΧŨ񣬲һĴãã΢վԶһ㶼ԷΡ
歼ɵšİ֣־£˰⻬Ĳһۣ˰죬֪Ķٳһѽôһµᴩʯϡ
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ֽҼýסһϣ̵˭ɵģ
ޣɻû嶯ôҡȻиľֵţ嶯ỵ¡
˳»һӲӵȻңȻԪȻϣβܸ
һ̧֣һϡ
һˣˣôĵӡ
ֱ±߿Ѫ߼ȡҲǸһӣʸңȿȡЦ
ǹڼŭ歡
ϧ歲ϹֱһŽֹǲ飬ǲ



78 ɢ
۵ɫ԰ף ɲʾһ䡣
ؿŰ正кѪ ؼ϶˵֣ һһഫ
˵ţ Ц
һˣ 껹һʱһǸ˰ûܹܣȰ死ûأ ħԺ
һϣֻǶ԰歵Ĵ΢ʣ Щûĳ̶ȣ ԴӰ死֮ ҪΪμ̳ߺͱ䱾ˣ Ȼֹ ϼԴѹ
ĳ֮ 뷲ĳ Ϊ峤ϣʱµλǲͣвӵ෴ԣ ҪΪ歵ĳ
歵ĸ壬 ĸǰ壬 ĸŮѪͳǶԣѪͳǺܴ⣬һΪͺñ˽Ҫһõ̫ӣܵġ
歵ĸ磬֮ǰΪ޷Լ¾󣬲ⷴɶ
Ѫˣʵǿ޷סǿ붼ز̥С
ĸһֱǰеʹУ޶˼뻳עŮϣ޵ԣŮ󣬻Ϊ
¶԰歵ĴһֱӶģӰ歳һֱ̣ڡ
ǱɣЩҲӲѰ歷뷴ڰ͵վڷְ˼󡣶ڶԷ£·ǵûаη֮ģȻ俴ۡ
Ǿ䡰ֱ֡歵һ˲ٲ˼ʲôһӣֱӽΪӵ޶˵ơ
歵䣬Ҳ˵һ֡
оϵʹһ˲ɫ䣬ԭƽںѪɫӿħ̫أŭʱ£һͻᷢܿƣͻȻ϶ĳ𿪣ħڣҪ̻һ㡣
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ΪҪǣƲԸʦͽ
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Щۣչ˰ĽûȥЩϢԽԽԱ߻и˵½ԣæҵҩҼأһ˾Լûˡ
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ҧҧûСӲι˰ƿҩˮιº󼱴ҴҸһϢ½Դ˿ڣŵ㣬񣬱˯ȥˡ
۾е죬ϾԼͽܣۿŶԷϢԽԽʱǻˡ
Сӵʱȷٰ㲻Ը⣬˭˸ͷѣС޾ͲԼˣЩոһյദϤĽ̵Ļûи顣
ֻΣûѣǸϻһ˲䣬Ϣˡ
ֽڻŶ
Ȼá
ڷ
ͿһĻʱһ
ǲܽһܻ͵еģ֮԰ѻʣһŵİ޷ǣסͰ正Ҫ
ֻһնˡ
նɱѾʧȥô첻Ǿһá
פԭزš
ŭ֮еİͣ£
ֱߵرŰóεƿƿ޹ɢһأ죬ͨıҲȲͽܡ
ʱ䣬ͷֱô̵ӣٴμ仰˵ټ
ѡֽӣ£ڻУ°ͰѹʦǧҪ˯
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һߣҪǺģĻһҪСӸԼ
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ץס̧֡
Ըһ㣬ĵض˶ָĻӦ·ڿοû̧
һ£¾̻𣬹ֽΪǵصİ֮Уһɢ



79 س
һƬţϸ΢ķ
Ͻֵе˵ƣ Ƶ ҪϨӣ ʼû̫أ 岽Զĵط ڽͬڳҹڣȫûз
ۻ˵ޣ Ҫһʱ䣬 һЪ˵ĻƳϵ˿ǽرСææȥչǡ
½̫Ѫɫ׵ֽ أһֱһߡ
Ǳƴһӣ 棬ҲûϢؿûʬһеı仯
һʬ壬˵鶼֮أ ɻΪΰ׺ͻȻɺŮӣ˭ûпڣ ʱ˿̴ͷһЩ
ֻȥеһ ӽɽʼ ÿɶ½ȥͬšϡ¡ʬ嶼û¡ʱʮˣѾûһС룬ʱҲ뿪֮δ֪
վڽӶڰ촽Ѹɵÿѣ˶ûһޱһֱ
û˸ȥһ䣬ûȥȰ
ʱǳĬúãȰʵ䷴ϾһˣǰСӻϹϾ˵ȥ֪ûܵȵʱԼûˡ
ûйȥֶԳ˼Ŀռ䣬ֻһĬȻš
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Ҫǵʱϡ
ӦðϵģİʱָӣǶ뿪ˣֻʣ񻪣ܻ˾͸ˡ
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ʮֵĵط뿪Ǻһ̲Ъظɽ·Ҳûʱ䣬Ȼǰһ챻˴ʵ졣
ˣĸأһʼҲǰǱڹŷãڸɵˣ˰Ѿʧ˶ڣʵ벻ͨ
Ҳת󷨴ģ޷ͨ˭ôĿΪΡ
Ͱȴ֪һ뵽һˣһڰǰˣġ
ࡣ
ֻǲ²⣬ҲˡŲʮˣ˭
ǶԵɣ벻ͨէһϸ룬ʵת󷨵ģͲһУǰûʱǵʮǺ߰һʱ죬һֱȵ
ЩҲҵ˰ڰпӶ꣬Ҳ֮ǰ׵ҵ
ڳ˼ɫ̫ÿǣΪʲôôɣǲǶ࣬ǣʲôϵڰеӦ˭
ûˣಢܡ
СӴС͹飬ĵشƣʱɽΧľ񿴿ˮģڷڵͬһܻӭҲʮܳǵϲСûۣЩһֱʵڿҿҵѧ
ڴض½˵ٹ꣬ǿԳʦˣҪʦķ
˵˵žЦˣʶͷƺǾԼԿ䣬е㲻˼һ˵ҪЩˡ
ʱִӾݾȻظɽôˣʵһֱǹŴǰԶǵ;ЩңһȺп಻ذɽˮһ·ݳȥһ붼·ϣֻǶģǲģòҽҪôǿŲʹ·ҪôȽ뾣ݳǺʣµľͺˣֲһʱйٸͷڱӻ
СС£ͬģҲⴿ򵥣ʮġ
Ǳߣǫѷ꣬ʱϧƿߡ
ɫҰܣҲ֪ʲô
歿İתͷ档
أأǴңֱڴ˴
׼ȷ˵ǽⶨȻǺµļƻס
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歴ǺˣĹܽ£ݵɱй̶ֳȡ
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뵽ǰƺϴڳϵ˼ʱţǲⷢ˰歵ܣԲŻⶾ֡
Խ룬ԽԾ
Щ˿歵񽥽ˣǰתΪɣ滹ǰ歾ȹʿǷǵĻмһһľԼ˻ɰǲйϵϾʱ֮ĲޣʵԷ塣
οЩ˵˼һ֮
ȥһˣڸɽ̫洫硣
ɽҲ徻ʼɽ¾ƵƵ£ߣʬԵ޹ˣ̫˲ٵɽɱһһ磬ʵôֲ
طˣʡ
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𣬴͸¶ͬѰֻ²վͻ¡
еЩ̫ûˣ˵׽ãӰһ̫ҹͻɽô˳ȥ̽
û̸̫ãʱڵһӹ޺ˣϾͿ̻ȥ
һӣһ仰û˵ĬĬȻʬͽܷȥӴռ𣬾ôǰ棬Բȥ
Ϊ˶ں棬ǰϡ
س̸Щ֮ǰ歸ע˲ǵʮǵɽٺ麣󷨣ص°ҹ
ʱİûõĶȥ뿪ʱҪҵö̫࣬һż˺ܶ˹ӳﴦͿʼϷأʱֲžһѪսеİҲʿҲգȫĻ̡̻
˻صʱǡǡʿһֽ
񻪳һڵڵֵʹˣرΧΣûյУԵúǱֶѪ󱻿һЩӸң˻ûܵ¾ɥ
һۼƼ˷ۣץס˾һ㣬ʦǻˣ



80 
ڿսԭҧţ 仰ͬ˶һ㣬 µĵӸһϲ ˣʦǻˣ
ϵһ˼е ׷ȥæ
ûȥ ֻڷŰʬ壬 Ҫ˵Щ˴Ÿ
ͷۣ û˵ʲô
еĹʿɱնͨʿܶԸһ൱ľԮͰһ֣ ûһͽŤת ֻǴ򶷷Χ̫ܹ˵ʼޣ вʵߵʿڹʿ¡
ѪɫȾǣ ʬ塣
ʿʵ̫࣬ ʹ˺ս ϶ܰϵùǺΪ˻סһڵСӣ Ӳн ʹΪ꣬ԼͬʱҲʿ͵Ϯ ֱϵһɼǵĿӡ
ʱȥ 罫ͷ СЩ
񻪵ɫʧѪ̫Щ԰ףϢ̫ȣҡҡͷ治ɫػصްȥˣùҡ
ƽʱ䵭ʱǲٻỤûԱСӣʱҲˡ
Ҳûܶĵز£ȥˡ
ԶµİؿбһۣôɣǡǡĿӡ
歲֪ĸһѪĳζ䣬ֱһ͸ɴؽʿҲֻǱͣһ˲䣬û¶κһ̾˳ת𴦣ûκ쳣·ոտĲ񻪺ࡣ
ÿ˼ʱϻǿס˾棬ҲǺ֪ôȥֻͽͣ˵Ķͨʿôܿˡ
ʿ˳ʧʱͳӰ١
ʱе״νңǳӭսǵʿв޹Ҳ꣬ʿߣ˶ٺһЩڷйƵİѰսʧɢˡ
ʿҲҳһɢɳе̱ڵϣе跨ʱȸԼˣеȥѰҰͬš
źںԶ˼
лڵѪĳãڵϡ
˴أһʯУֻʣڵϡ
ΧʿƳʱһ㶣Զ涼
Щ˴֪ǰλʵǿĺŮӾΪ裬Ҷû正ȻӦ˾̲סС
Ҳʿӵ֪歵ʵݣѷģת޷󵽵жǿֱۼž
歵ЩôԼֱߵԱߣһŸȥ
ʦͽ߳һξ룬歲ֻ˲͵͵Щ֡
໹ڰУûôϸģ⻰Ͷ£漴ɫ糣ؼţصôˣ
˵˵̫ˡ
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ǻس֮ǰЩʿѾȫһΰһʿֲɹǾȻûм򣬷ˣֽ֮һֹƫôɣǻγñϴλ졣
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仰൱Ǻ⣬һֱ̫̫ɺˣڸһ
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һһεģէһû⣬ϸϸ룬ﲻԾ
ΪΣô׷ʲôã
ʦͽǾϹŴսˣĪģ˶ֱЩûô򵥡
뵽ʲô˵ڷϡ
Եڶνôɣøǻ
Ҳôģ΢΢ס
뵽ʦͽϽŸϡ
ܸоԼڰϵķӡûƵԶԷһڷϡ
ѹ֣ǵʮʱֻ¶ܰÿһƹģôЩжԸķӡ
һֱڱߣûȺľ֡
Ӧ˵˺µˣͷβڸǵж֣ʲôʲôֶȥ
½ĸ£ǰƽأٰаŰǳ£ҲΪаħ֮ڰڣҶĿħϣΪаħûصǧǰĸޣɺȴǵʮǵˡ
һʼͱĳȫȻǣߡ
ҲһжֻΪ˵ĿľǵʮǵЩꡭ
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һ˵ħΪ˼䶼Ǵӷ俪ʼģɱľ޴Сϰգһƫƫͬħаİֱʵǿǵʮǣֵúܡ̶ȴ׹ĵطʼħƫֱͬӲһд۵سӻصɽŰɱΪΣ
ǰֶѹȥΣû˻ȥЩʱۣ׺ɣ͸˹ˡ
Ĵս񳯵ıʣư˸ӴţɶħģħΪλѡǵʮǣΪλѡ
סΣ歡

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ϸ΢ʶվѾˣֻǸܶѣǶһУĻ˶ͨԻǽúá
ʱŸڵʿ٣ǶڣദŰ歾ֱȥԺȥҽ֣һ¥ʱЩ˵ĵصЩʲô
߽ˣ̸ǵʮǵĹϾܴǶ£п̾Ϣ䡣
Ȿ޹ؽҪҪ¥֮ǰЩ˽ǵʮһξʱʶû
˵λξģΪ˾ӣһΪ˻ǣסʿͰգľݽ߲ģǿϧ
Ҳ˽Ҫܻȥǵʮ׼ǿ

һ˵ͣЩ޵Ļ
Ƕλ˽⣬Ҳ֪ĶĿģһ޲̾ôΰ˾Ȼôûˣʵϧ
ţҲˣ϶ûʲôӦ
͵Ҫ뿪ʱִһ仰߶߶˵ҰһһϿ˵ǵʮڴ֮ǰһλֻλ꣬Ҳ֪Ǽ١
Ǽٵģһ۵˵ƶǵʮ£ʮλһλǵʮλˣֻλġ
һ䣬˶Ӧ͡
ǰǰ
϶ǵʮλ㿴Ǳ϶ұġ

Ȼת뿪歸ϡ



81 쳣
ʵǵʮǹʮλ ĵʮˣ ȻǵʮǵĵʮֻʱȽϸӣ λ ֻ뿪ǵʮǣԴ˺Ҳ̤
Եɣ ǵʮûжϹ࣬ ĸʶȤἰº౻˷ΪϣҲһֱš ȵ°ǻ Ȼǵʮȫ޹أǧ˾ϣǶɢޣٲ
Ѿȥ ಻ԸȥЩҲ죬ʦͽһǰһϵ¥ һȥǶ Ȼطš
ֲڷ ֪ȥĶˡ
Ϊڣ ŵ˻ûˣ ֳȥѰһȦ ڴǱҵˡŰʬ壬ǸܵӣƱ˻һɱɰ͵ĵݣʱҪӡ
ԶԶ˻໹ûȥš
ȥʱ򣬽ԺһʯžƼԺǽѩӣʱһ㶡
֮ǰǰϤչӣûˣӾûһ㣬ֻܶҲݳԡ
վԭãȥӴߣ֪û˹ˡ
ӾӦƫͷȥ̫Сһ̾Ƶﹰ޲ðԴ˶ԲӶһ
ֻмʱŻ±Ե
໹ΪǰˣͷһȴӴ˵񻪻ˡ
ʧѪ̫࣬˿ڣվվȣʮǱǸΪˣͷһΡ
˳㣬ཫӵнסɡ
Ҳˣ͹غϡ
Ȼطù˵ȥһ˿ڡ
һصлϡ
ֻڰ֣һ߸һ߰¥ϴûٹԺǽеӡ
ӻһһãֱΧû̫Ķˣ̧̽Դ˽
¥䴰İ歽һĻ۵ףã¥Ժǰ
ӵСŵӶصǲǰҶ㣬͵һϮµİ正˰ԼӲ˺ܾãؽԴ歱֮С
歴ͷβû˵ûʲôֻ¥ȥЩԳԵĸɲι

žƻң˵Ҳ٣ɥʽʹ˾УʬһֱҲǷӣһҹ󣬰ʬ߽׷ڵͻظɽ
ֵڰȥֻͽܵĺ°׵
ˣȣǻװ̳ţӣؾݡ˵û̫
˵ڵĵûзӦڸɽǣÿ궼ܵͳݣɽ˽СӣԼף֮أͻؾݰǡ
߽׵Ӧ¡
Щʱ໹ȥ˻û˵ʲôֻǱź衣
ջĽֳĬֻ࣬һֱڷҩ·ҵͻЩҲȷʵˣһæֳȥһЩͲôࡣ
мһΣûţֻվ˰յʱ䡣
֪ˣͷû̧һ£֪Ƶġ
ཫ豭£뿪ǰһҽ˵ðҵġ
ǰˣ¾ǽֵ˼ȥѳζǣұҽ汾񣬿ϧұˣҲʹˣûѰ
Ȿȥɽ֮ǰҵģѰʵĻύСӣϧһֱûѰⱾҽ齻֣Ҳǿǰġ
һƤضΣܵ͵˵Űɡ
ͷ飬ˡ
³ȥһˣ·ַſʱȴ档û࿴ֱ߹ȥ
Դ⵽ʿν󣬰оû˶Һͳͻģͽֺ;ƽطһЩΪˮʿйأ׷ʰҵҪѣۼڳſô뿪
ʿ˼޹գó֣ٸǱ˲ٹٱسǣ뿪
ʱ治ȳаȫȥĶѶΣգҰǳк͸ôʿôȥϹƺáϧµİһ˼뿪ȥ۹ٸǱôĵȰЩ˻뿪ԶˣЩʿֻṥǣܲôࡣ
ǹٸǿϣһ־ŵԽ
һٰǵȵ½½ϢЩطҲҲʬԹУаû
԰Ϊģɵפصؿʼ£´ԭȾѾɻǱôֲѹƵġ
սиɵʿ˲٣Ҫ֧Ԯʱ򣬿ڸطԹ˲ϾĻɶ˹
˼ˣ˵Ľһ
ʹ⣬һжȫ̼ƻ֮Ужϸɵ֧ԮƣҪϾɱ
²ǳаգʿǶЩˣ̻̲
ˣŸ֮е˻Ǹ˼յϢ֪歲裬϶ɱ֣ԺϴڳϺ͵Ҳô룬ֻΣǲͰͻˣȫ̲
ϴסһԺԴǻŵĹϵѾƳˮ
൹ǲںЩ಻ϣЩ֣к˼
ٴյɽϢ֪Ǳֳʬ¼ʦͽɻһʼħйأΪȫǽʬ꣬дħûҲֻǸյǻ
歳˼ã²⵽Ҳħֻǻӡ
ħħˮݵһԱѾħǻᱻħų⣬̫ܺٳ̫ħԼ£ǽǵʮǵɳΪľǽЩ
ЩȻ뱳ʼٸߺйأ˱ضʲôʹôꡣ
ֻһʼɣ֪ǰԹԽأԽǿԽʱƣЩԹòѣǾͻὥʧȥǰʶΪֻ֪ɱ¾Ķ
ɺƫƫǧǰǵʮǱƫƫô˵սľ꣬Щǰʵף־ǧĻԹɡ
û¶ۣථʲô˼ĬȻأĥš
ҹĻٴ֮ʣʦͽȥһλѺŵܴ
˱ȥܴôˣȥ¡
̶̼ʱ䣬ܴĻǺѾʧȥʶڴͽӲ״̬ƺ֪һУųԺһֱִҪſȥ
һԵ̫һŵΪҪӣһȥס
һжãؾһЧûУܴǼſߡ
󵨣ҪȥǵӺȵվס
ܴţӶûתһ£ܵʲôǣһ㻹Ҫߡ
ڴ˵ĵ鼱ۿҪ֣ȴֹ̧
˼ؿܴΣҪȥ
԰գսŴ򿪣ں档



82 
ʱܴһһ֣ ˵ǰǲŸ Ļ岻Ӧ״̬ǣɲ֪ΪΣ񵱳ĳ֮һûʶ ÿն Ѱ
ҹ£ǰžһս ˲ࡣ
ܴûʶ ȴܿȺ֡ں󷽸ţ һͬŸ ҹŽǰС
ʩˣܴͬ򶼼˵ķ ⱻ
ŲŸҹ ϻвѲҹĵӣȼƻ ȫǽ䱸ɭϡ
ܴж죬ϴ䣬 ǲ뿪Ÿģ һ̽Ͱаˡûɵģܾһ˻֣ ǵȥɣ ϾܴʵѰ ƺܵٻӰ졣
ִ̫꣬ǵʮЩʿִŲԹй֮ͨʵǲģֻΪͬѡ
ҲлʲôΪ֪أֻͨ˺ʿֻйܵǣ
ɫأĬš
̫һŵĵӲ⣬ۿܴԽԽԶճѾŸˣе㽹ܴסֲж˰Σɵʣʦ⵽Ҫ⾿ôˣ
ҪͲˣαش¡ûлش̫һŵӵĻۿֹܴ˸߽һխСϡ
̫һŵӳԱԾ죬һ˲ʱš
ܴĲ٣ȸ뿪Ÿǻ࣬˫ʶ״̬ᶨƵҹĻǰУһ̶ûתٴӡͷβû˿ɺ;ᡣ
ģнԶʦͽԶ쵽ӦҪȥ
ͽ֣Ǳߡ
·߹ΰ歼ֱϤȥԸ͵ȥ·
̫һŵǷӦǸͽˣžȵ²Ҫȥͽ֣
䣬ǰͷܴͽֽͷ
ѵҪȥң
ܴӾе񵱳ĳ֮ûʶֻƾ£ǰִҪչ˺ͽܵ޶ҲһֱĲ£ѲҲǣŪˣ
šüԶԶĿţǸȥһ̽
߲ձǻͽĵط֮һ£͸ҵˣΪ֮һֱйٸĹϽΣĿǰ̫ƽ
̫һŲ֣ͽֽȻΣأǰЩ߲Ѿõ˿ƣֽѲ֮ǰң㾮Ȼʿ£ҹãֵԵĵ̺˼ȫˣһȥںһƬ
һ·ͨ裬ܴ͵š
ûſͣ£ֱ߹ûͣ٣ûһ¡
ͰһۣʦͽһЩߣµЩ
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ȻҲ򵥣̫ɣɵǶûϵ
ܴ㱻¼ҴɽµʳֱħЩΪһûʶԩ꣬ÿʱ̫һŵĳϳ֣ŵԽȡ¡
֮ǷܴϵħĨ󷨺ħӡĨģ֮ǰ£Ϊڷ֮У֪ٻųǡǡָˡ
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ܿ죬ܴߵβϻ£Ĳӽվϻǰ
ͣ£й۲졣
˲ǰ֪ʲôһԵİɫһݣȻֽܴˣһ߶ţֵ
Ҳ֪˲ԾֻǸոûӦô졣
̫һŵĵӾ֪Ҫʲô͵ٴοϻʱոջͦǶͻȻŤһӰ֪ĶһһϻС㵲ѣΪ̫ͼʶ٣ЩӰʲôֻƼһƬоͷƤ顣
ͰϵЩӰ
ǵʮǵĹʿǰĲ²һǲڰˡ
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ʱǿϻָֻԭͨ棬ҪǷʱ˭뵽ЩʿͲССĻ֮С
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ҲǣҪסôʿԼ£ıضʮأᱻɣοƹʿǣ֪ʧжֲ
˳Ͱ歳֣ܽĪģͷָܣֱûôס˿正ʾ˱óȻ£ȿ˵
Ȼף̧̧֣źۼԼʦš
ܵĴ㶣ûʲôûܵ
歴˴ۣķӦ۵ס
ס̫һŵûƼһĻ⵹ùҲֻܶܵ۾
һߣǷ̫ԿԼɣ˼ڵϣͬסʺһ㣬شȥ
˶֣ס
ЩǹʿԹɵģƹʿЩԹҲᷴɵϡ
üͷɻԽԽء
⵽صķɣӦð˶ܰô괫ɳǵʮǣԹʲô
Ȼϵģ˲Թ֮£Ƭ̹Ȼֱӵȥһ̯Ƶſڵϡ
΢̲סҪȥ鿴
歽ס͵͵ٵȵȡ
䣬ڵϵĺٿһƷ֮ǰİһ
ҲǷ֡
⻹ֹƬ̹ǻƷȼˣཫʳֻһѰ׻ңǰ׻صһ˲䣬һӰ֡
ҲʵʵһɫӣϸÿлһµĻƷֻһ䷨䣬Ʒһӣһµĺ˾ʹܡ



83 ת
ҹɫ̫ ò໹Ƽϵĺɫָ䡣
ڰƽس¼ң ˵ Ǹʿ־ʹָ䣬ֻǶԷɴòһԶͻȻֵˣƼö۵ָ䣬ûκɣ ϶Էеʿ
˻ϻµ޼ĺˣ 򴽣ء
ԶԶŲ𲻴󣬿ϸһԱȣܷϸ΢Ĳͬ ɫָǸǱ壬Щ ֻǷ֡ƫ
ѹֺ˻ᱻɵôأ Ͼ֡ ڱԻǲԶ Ȳϣ޷סʿȻͻᱻԹ 䱾Ż֡
ָǸΪɲ⣬ һǸ׶Ը Ƿܱ֡ȵġ
ʦͽʩһ磬ص̫ΣԷʼûзֶߣָֻ̧̧ܺĺעһԼʶ촽ض䷨䣬վԭزɽĺ˱һ˲ʶٻѡ
⻹ƺд㣬ȻؽԼָָƣѪĨںü䡣
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ͬʱͰ歶ظܵ˵˲䱩ǡ
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ֵѪļȻӣаŵúܣָƺʮͨ·ӣʬԹꡢƷ֡
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˾ǶԷٿصķֻ֡һֱûֶѡ
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ܰˣתÿһζһ˾ʲôп޵СආǴӰƽؾͿʼģһֱ˼ȥҲֻܳڷںǧС
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ٰ֮ǰ˵ϣпܣ˾ͳԷڡ
ϲ¶ôɣһżȻĴξͺֵûˡ
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Щദ̫ˣھǵԣʵ벻˭¡̫ͽִСڸɽ񻪱ڣǴҴȥģмӴȽ϶£ࡣ
ٿǱһۡ
֪ΪΣûɵģָ˸ĸоϤ񵱳һοϤвǴǳദŻеģԷ̬һһ͸¶ʶĸоֻһʵĺס̫ϸڣ˼ǲ
еʱоҲһԣϾ׶пǼٵģοе磬ʵʵԷֱ档
಻ٶ룬ƽ̽
ȴȫͬѹûЩڼԷĵһۣ歱϶ǾǶ࣬ϴ
ǰǵʮһΣ˶࣬ಢûзʱ˾ǺۼֻûаҲסѣôˣȻһ㶼û䣬ǰǿ˲١
嶫Ϊδκ쳣ٴʵɲ⣬˵겻㳤Ϊ˿٣Ȼͨڿҿ޵ģҲ֪˵ʲôа·
歱򣬴յϣ͵˵Ƕࡣ
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Ժ·ϣСЩΧˣ㡣
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»ûܽɶ˼ѾֻȥһˣЩŻӹ˸ա
һԺ½Ծ˵˴£ϻŲˣűЩһͨ޷޲ƽ
Щ̫ɢӭҪ˳ɹġų̫£½Աѻ𣬽һյǫǫģϴڵִʦܰţȻǵһ
ʱҲΣеǰʵڲȡ½Ի̵סûǰֵ̫ЩĶţֻ赭д䡣
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Ҫǹ˼ڵΣЩͿʼˣֻڻҪǣҹַˣǰʱ
֪ЩʲôУҲԤϵ
½Լ飬Ϊǲˣ̽غʦ𣿡
û˵ʲôֻˣ챾Իȥ˵
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ͣƬ̣ǼԼߣţƣӾͶӵ£ˣȴС꣬ǻŲһͱĵű߰š
歵ƣķһȻǲ㣬˳ɱš
֮ǰǰţһֱڵǰվŵ࣬歺Ȼ˵
ִ͵ԱߵƬŸոȴƬ˲оûлΣӦš
ϻϴǵ䣬ʣʦҪЩʲô
൹˵ҹ֪
ǣôãĿܻ˳ţܴݾߣ˳ϣ㱾»еģֻʱҪӣ̫ꡣ
еĹٿ
歸˸ӵļƳԼʦ
಻ƬȥŹϣ˵ûͰĥ
׼ˡ
歽Ӹһߣȥæ
ǡ
޶˶˼˽ʶԼ̲סƫͷ˿ˣֵõɰ
ǰɽǻʦͽദջָʱӦܽˡ
ûӦֱӴӿռָҳɰݹȥ̧ȥӣǡǡָ
ûܿ
歡¶
š死ص
ཫֽƽϣʹۣա



84 
Ǹ˼ˣ Թ˭ڵ꣬ ħ嶼򵽸ǰˣҲû
ʦ͵סӣصסż˵һ䣬 ǾԶʵģ Ӱ⡣
һ·û˵̫ǵҲûܵľٶ⼸԰歵ĹжЩ Ȼ˵˵ȥ޷ǾЩе㲻һˡ
ƫͷ£ûг
΢ҡҷ ڶ͵Ĺ⽫һ
ʹû˿ڴƳĬɷΧһͣǻƵĹƴȶһ㣬յͷ΢̡еʴӣԾոպˣʵֽ˽ վǼĬȻ û
һĥ ֣֮ ˺Ȳ˹
Ƴۣ˲ģ˹ҲԼһǲ֪ĶŸɾİӣˮһٵ衣
ôһ΢С£пޣլв֪˶ٴΣڰȴģ·õĲһͨİ״ɱ䱦
ϵָϸָԲǽڷҰ𪣬űȽݣɼ⻬ϸֱϵĵɫѪܡ
̲ס࿴һ£ñӵɨջߣ
Ͳ׽עӣûд϶ѣߣŽװȲıӵݹȥʦȲ衣
һ٣ȴûӣͷû̧һ£Σ˵ϣȡ
֪ƤҲǿˮǣٹȥæ
վ࣬ƫһЩȲᵲţҲվں濴ϸǷ˶Է˼µĶ˵㣬һָֻ糣
ҪҪֻغһ߰æʱĥʱҶʦͽûô˵ʤ֮ϵǣڣԱԷһһǣš
һֱû̧һۣһ߻һ߽磬Լļƻ֪鶼òˣŽѾ͸Ĳˮȵ

ЩʱԼĪʱͽֶˣû뿪ŸֻԺľһߣɢɢġ
ֻǸӣ²ģ˵ɫѿԱǰҪһЩˣҲ֪鵽׸˵Щʲô
ǽɣ˸ᣬʶ˶û˭˵
ཫе˶е񻪷䣬˵飬û˵׺¡
ǡɽִȥ˵񻪣ȥˡɫȱȱɵ׻ǹˣ˳ȸ˰
ˣüΪֻϵ˿ڣ˵ء
񻪵ǲ⣬ں˵ްûʲô¡
Ƚϳأû߶߶һͨҩƿҩ񻪳ˣڻָԪҩ裬ҽ档
һԺţĬĬš
ֻ֪ڰУҲ죬ҩ£ãڰ
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Ǳ¹˵Ļû˵ģܿ춼ˣϾ˴ù˵񻪺½ԣ˶ãҲ׷˺£Ծ໰žͰš
٣رӽ䡣
ɨһܣȷʵ˶ˣ˵õˡ
ڵӦϡ
ֻͷûйţ˳һõĽ硣λϺ£Լվŵĸλӣûκα仯
ȿǸǾ̫ѹ֣ҶƲһ򲻰˵ʵ˶йǷʲôˣ
Ȼ£һȽҪ򲻻ôʦڡе֣Ͼƽزӣһ̩ɽǰȻЩ⻹ͷһء
ڵӵĲ£ɫܲŻˣƤӶûѪɫ˿ЩǱ
ڵӣ˶Ŀõģӣʦ־壬ĸϽȥһߡ
࿴ȴû̫Ĵ
ӽ½Աţ˵ɽΧļǳѾĴңصôҹôһǱߵ
죬ô¶̫ȷʵƵġ
ԣе㾪ȣΪǰŸ̫洫ɽû˵أܴ󣬸ɽ֮ǣʵ̫ƽϾڴӶɽѹаȥˡ
Ӳ˽ʵ״Ϊ棬һ㵲ѣǺܾȡ
񻪱Ƚϵ̧ۿ£Ҫ
Ҳ±ˣ˵ķӦȫ۵ף˵ߣ˵ò죬һһ渵Ƚɽʬ˵аħûֲ¶ˡ
һڵľ֪ĳϺǵЩ⣬ʲôֻЩ
ֶšüɵ̧ͷȥ
Ȼܿģ־ͷ˲Ѱĵط
歲ڡ
ǰë궼ͷſУ㻯γˣҲһֱӰظԣȴӰ
ʱӣҲǳë˵ûӦĶԣϾƽʱһŰףҹҲһŰףէһû֮һžͲźۼŰ˶ѱϵ½ԣ˶ûôע⡣
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Ҳ֪ôˣ໰˲䣬дһʱȫѪζɫ΢䣬ɲǼ˽ģǿûֳӲѹȥ
ֻôţɫб仯ģͲ԰ףڸѿƱѪɫ
Χû಻ɫ
ȽϾУʶ񻪿ȥ
ǿѹŲʣȴô̲ס˾ͬƮĿҶһ׹ȡɫѸٻҰܣϱһŨںסҪǿվɿƲסؿѪ
ǹɳֵƲȥǧһ㽫ѹס޷
ľȻţĿ㣬ôۿš
ʱЩɵ۵ĵǲŷΧϡǽϲ֪ʱһǿĻƷЩƷѹ񻪣
ǰһ磬Ϊ磬ⱻ͵ģʵȻֻǵ۷ѣסЩƷġո˵Щڷɢҵעһֱڰ֣Ӧϣ˶û֡
ڵûǰһҪʲô˱ŵˣȥ񻪣ȴһεס
俴Źڵص񻪣ûаֶݺͲ̣˿ЩԶ㡣
Щ׻ΪΣ׷׾ϣ
񻪵ͽܸǼҪһеسȥ
ʦ𣡡
ʦôˣ
Ҳûô£󣬷ض࣬Ҫʲô
ûʱͣûӦ𣬶һ񻪡
һѣ˲ˣȴƱӭһ˶챻ɢһ㡣ȫѪϵѪܶܿͱһɫһͺܲѰ
Ǳˡ
ûг֣ǰġ
ʦͽ·һסһȥϻڻеĹʿ󷨶ԸĳȻⷴɡ
䷨ӹãû뵽񻪡



85 ѹ
Ͼദô꣬ һ㶼ỳɵͷϣЩΪ˲£յɽǻӵģ ໹óһʦ㡣
Щͬ꣬ סһԺϦദ ʵԸ̫࣬ Щʵ̫ɺˣ ޷ӵ
ڷһֱ ˾Ĵϣ 䵭ĵһʦܵ磬 Ҳصĵӡ̫ʦͬһˣǱܿصļ̳֮һҪԼԸӹܣûǸģ ָڵˡ
һֱ̫ұۣ 䲻ô룬ˮ̴ ë࣬ ѣΪڸ˲٣ ǲġ
ʹڴ˿̣ Ҳֻǰ񻪣 Ƕࡣ
ΧĻƷƵģרѹˣ޷ֲʱҪ
Įؿ˻಻̲ʣΪô
񻪱ʹˣɣƷѹţǹʶ챻˺ˣƲסؾӣԭеˮ̴ѵڵأذǶ
ǿĲŤĺɫ·ǿɲ֪ԼǱ¶ˣһ仰ͣһŻѪһ߽ˮ̴ʲôطʣҪһԵľͶˡ
ڳ˲֪࣬񻪵ĵӼֵּġ
еȥѲ½磬òͽ
ͽҲףֹһ񻪻ɫԹֵģסˣɲʲôĳ嶯Сӣһ¾ܿ񻪵ĲԾ
÷ڴϣȴаĹŹӣʵԾ
ֲǰһ񻪵ǿģҲĿ˷ŵһУʲôûǲһѣ˶ƽ£ֱɶѪ
ڣεĪ࣬Ϊˣ֪˴Ӳ⶯֡ûиһͣɽƫģĬȻ˻Աû
ĬԶԣš
ڳģ΢еĶܿԣѾֻ͡ЩСһͷˮһΪôˡ
ӣ߶䣬Ӳٴѹס
ԶԶУԵˮ̴òסڵϡ
ý񻪣Ƕࣿ൭һ֣ˮ̴Զ
ббԱߵĵӣĿһ̧Ҫ͸˵Ҳԡ
಻ĻشͷӦأԵԪǻڹհ»زñȥɽأʱǾѾˡ֮ڰƽأɽǰӦڰвٿء
һ˵һǰ
Ƴ۽֣˵ȥݣҲİţʱѾڳﻮˡ
ʱͽһȥݵģɾڳǰ죬ʱʾҪһͬǰ־ˡĵˣһαȽڣ˻ɣڵ֪Ļϸϸһ룬һ˾Ͳ鵽˰Ĵڣ֪УҪûȥѰˡ
ƫôɣǽҵСӡ
ʱֲԸͽ񻪻˵ʱǺģʵȻ˲뽫¶ѣʵڲԸ⣬ȻҲὫ˴ظɽ
˽£СڸɽʵҲƤӵ³
һֱڰУŻſжһ졣
ܶǰ£ڸһܲ಻ԾĵطԣǺѷֵġ
յʱ򣬹úһڴǰҲΪΡʣ鵭Įôؿ˵ò񻪡
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裬ǻᷢʲôúͬʱ֣ǵġ
ûб⣬һһЦЦϡ
Ǻ⣿
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ȷЩĵӾ͸࣬еָеȰ
Ͼʦǿ϶żҲԼʦģֻڳ֮Χн粻ܹȥȻжˡ
ƾЩһţ޶ԡ
һԵĽֺѾոյЩ˲ͬѰིʱֵĵʱͳȥˡ
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ǽ⣬Ҳ֣ᷢڹ
ཫǵʮǵĹʿΪãľżһǣͬģһЩʿ̫ǳ⣬Ҳᱻɣ֡಻ùཫƾͼƣð歳ҹȥЩʿԼ򽫷ڴ˴¶š
˵ʲôࣿƮƮϻǷƵӣװͿ
൭Ȼ֮ۿš
еĻƷȼˣٿһʱѾͽֽİ歱ͻ
歽һϮɫۣԵӣлһžӨ͸ӣͷкҴܡ
ǲֹʿĻ壬סˡ
ϻֻһЩʿֻһС룬ʣµȫ˴
ԭͦɼеӺɫʱˡ
歴񻪲һʩ˵ֻԲͷĺ˲͵Щ౻ɣζȲס
ߴߴ磬ʦͽʱ˵ߣǲ
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ǿ֪϶ֱͣӰǰ״Ʋⶶ
ڳȻ񻪵ĵӸǾﲻѣ㶵š
࣬þòⲽȥվԣɢ̧ƤӣѧЩ˵񻪵۾ҪĻ֮˶Ի
ûлӦ
Ϊһ֡볣չ黹ͬȫʶšƤ歶һۣģ
Χ󷨣סˣԻ٣ʶͻᱻڴ˴㣬ֻǲҪͷá
һߵĽֲЩڰУǷ֮˸ǲܿƵؽĿʱñ䣬ת񻪳ʣ㶯֣



86 Σ
ȻųȣȴȻһ䡣
ƫģ ֪˲ ʲôԵɣ վһһֱû֡Žɵ񻪣 ޷ܣֶһ£񻪡
ȻĬûлش 鲻Ȼݣûһ˿ֵľźΣˮһûûа㶯ݡ
οǺ⣬ĵʱһ 
ʵԽܣ ۾Ѫ˿ҧʣ񻪣ǲ㣿
 ʬűͻظɽ ʦûܾΣ ûڣ ÿÿһ뵽ͺڵʱӦð˴һߵģ ҲͲᷢ¡
ǿЩ ɻûü ֵ֪ࡣ
㣬ǵʱѰչˣ뻢ڣʦͽ϶ͷ̨
޷󣬵ʱİģһδ꣬ǰˣȴԷǺ顣
ƽôˣôҵ˶ԴǶ⼸ʦʦ塣
βǺģв֪ʱһͨڵķڵϻһۼ񻪣ŹԷϵκα仯Ҫǰ˵˼׵ס
ŻΪϮŭżĵǷ׷ûһûǵѾʦʮ꣬ôõĳϦദô˵ϾͶϣ˿ҪǶԼʦνȻ첻
ڿּڵ֮󣬵鼱ʶҪȥš
ʦ壡
ʦ壡
ֲΪȻ񻪡
ϰҽ֮ˣӰʦ𣬱ʦšҽġĽ̻壬ҽβˣҶɱʶûùɱ˵ȴòˡ
ûЩӣֻ𳤵˵񻪾࣬ؽ񻪰۵ļơ
ûɱ֣ڵȶԷĻش
һ߿ţʲôû
־ǴҶԸԵģĻʹ߾ȻʵͬţһУһľҲãҲգһƭ֣һʼͱĿģȫƭ
Ͱûκξٶֻš
ȴʱ˵ˣûаı䣬һĵƤһƣλȻңʲô˵ġ
ʱˣǲϳϣ·޹Ƶġ
Լֲľ֣ɣֻͰ歶ʲôӡ
൱ڷʮǻ밢˼ԶԶȴҪˡһʱ򣬶ͷ£ҪŮĸҵɿǵ⺢Թ̣ܽջա
ĹҲûдĶȷʵ統ϵˣ
Ҳ֪ǧൽʹа·񻪺ͺּķܴ֡Ͱ歶ֶᷢߣʵͷһ
ڰĦȴһ˲Ŀӡ
񻪵ǰģֱںǳ϶ν
򴽡
ȴ㲻Щֻ֪һ£ʹԼѾܴϵõ𰸡
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ֳҲ㿴ųģйĽ̻壬൱ڰ״ͽܡġ
ʮ꣬ʲôǵɱɡ
񻪣ôµȥ֣
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ڷ˵ֻǸ¶ĺӣʲôǵʮǵĺˣƢºͣ˳룬û캦Ļ¡ȻôһĵشƵˣȴûøýԼʦ³ңûˡ
½밢ã˿ȫվԭز˳
ЩƽʱҲǳ񻪣
Ǳˣ񻪻û
ҲǣĵĻͲ԰ʹɱˡ
˵еأصֿΣΣֽ̧̧ڲϵĺڵ򿪡
ǲоĮؿ˿֣࣬죬עġ
ҵģ֮ýּȥˣһʼûҪһȡʱҲԥ
һСԱʮǰȥġ
һˡ
Ϊãһ
񻪣Ǳˡ
ڳ˶վһʵѲҪֻ仰ѹյһݡ
޿̣һת־ͽڳؿڣûаԥ
ҽ㡭һһ仺Ҫ㻤
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Ǹоʹһ㣬ûвɵӲؿڡ
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ôɱֳʱ˿ŭͷ
޲ýͱյվ²˺֡
飬ôΪؿš
ŭҪ֣Ȼûѵͱ
ʱ򣬸ոսվĵطʱһ̲ۼذ嶼ڱʴʴںɫ
໹Ǻݾȫ֣ʱǵеԽֶɱġ
歼˲ãʱеĺɫĨ룬ɣֱصڵϡ
ڴʱͻȻӦǷʲô¡
ۼֿ죬һ䣬סлߡ
ɶ෴ӦҲ죬ڱסһ˲䣬毺õһЦ˵ϣ´ٻᡪ
԰գʱԻʶҲۿɼٶΪһŻƷȼճɰ׻ڵϡ
ͬʱڰвٿصĶ˶ЩʿĿƣл˼Լ
ֹˣҲ޲ߣʦͽһݣ磬ȥһ̽
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һ˼ȥ
ʱŸһţﱻϮˡ
Ƥӵ£˾ôʣµĹʿƺƵس֡
û֮ǰһ͹ˣΧ档
ҹɫ̫Щź۵βرۣԶԶŻ֯}˵ġ
ոջʶ࣬ʱȴȫı䣬˭ûϵЩʿʱˡ
ҲûԤϵҺܿ죬ͲȺʿ滹бĶ
෢鵱ް
ʿʦͽ֮ȫηЩʿһۼĵָŶϷ򣬾ֵʵǡʲô
Χ˷׷˳ȥһ
Щʿ棬һȺ׵ĻƺƵһƬȫںɫ֮С
мʶĳϳʲôǴͣǾ

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87 
ҹɫ̫谵 Ĵ 㿴ò̫ ֮صЩѾܶûֹˣ ԺܶʿûϳֱոЩŷ׷

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һʿɻؿԶ סʺһ˰Σ ԥԥ˵ǿƺЩŹ֡
ͰƼЩĵһ۾Ϳˣ ǸǰĹʿһޱ飬ûʶܵ˿ơ
֮Щĸ ۾ߣĿܻʹ ȻǷʲô¡
ľû뵽ྐྵ˿ɲ ǵʮǵɳΪþˣ ֮س֣ǧ꣬˵ʵֲֵزˣʲô аŷӣ
ʦͽ˽ⶫ࣬ ƾǸС ͬʱôʿ ֻʹﵽ־硣
ͷһ ոڷôصķɣԻʶ룬һ˲ûܵ˿˺һ㣬ôʿ
һƬŸΧ·ܲ͸硣
üͷһ£ǿƻ廹ʬ·ӣ˽һǶһЩģʵ׽͸
ֺһŽûܺݵĶദ˶ͬų֣³ƼƣʱסЩڰеĹʿ૵ô࡭
նɱ˶ٹʿˣһһͬҰղӲݣնɱһһֳָ࣬һ͹ˣ¸Ǽѡ
˵ĻƳͷƤڷ飬̶̼գʵ̫尾ˣӷţηŶ棬⵽Ҫʲô
ͻմʦҲˣ˶ڣȺطɢڸ
ƽʱ侲Ҳסˣǰ־˵մʦ̾һӷ𡪡
̫ţźۼˣŵȶӶڴ
ʱ̴Ⱥʿн罫Ÿ󶼻ס
ȴ˲Ծĵطסһֱûж
಻ɫֻһ
ȷʵ˵ЩȷֺûֻΧɫأĪģͻȻһ˵ĹУֱο²֮ǰ׽
ܣ˲ô࣬Ƭ̣Աߵ˵չ˺ˣҳȥ
԰գСĳȥ
漴ϣ˵Լʦ档
˿̵ȫ棬ΧʿŰ歳ȥ̽һֻŲֻ֨ǧŵˮһ£Ҫš
ʦǡ
ɻδ䣬Ͱ歾ʧǰ
֪Ҫȥʲôˮ̾˿ֽĲ룬д㣬ҲʿˣֽҪͷ˶ɢúܣվִֵĶûӴ࣬˽Ϊˣ˿̵ЩΣͷ˻ŲҧҧջվҲزˡ
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92 
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ȫȻ˼ɣһ㲻Ͱ死ЩʲôƶԼƿȫ֣»ٷˡ
˷ŵĻ ɫһ˲øӳ֣ ʳߵ
ѹ֣һֱ벻ͨӵôܿôʿ ˵ ǧ겻̣ ҪΪȻθߣ ɶӼǲܵġ
Ķˣ ʣǶλˡ໺ϵı鿴ЩӱɲѪ˿⣬ ֹҲ·е㲻ܿƣ ʱҪ֣ ֹסˣƻд档
δܶͰ֣ ҲûǸʵ ֻܰݷţ ǧĵȴڵһ̡
ʦͽ̫ǿˣһ֮غǵʮļɵ֮ظɽսгûΪвĸֻһֱŻǱţȵѪϴ֮أȵ歸Ԫʵ
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°ûи߶࣬Ϊ֪֮һ
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ʱΧѾɢòˣɨ£ֿ࣬˵ЩΪԼΪˣɱ˾ɱˡ



93 
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һӦóˣħ زݣ岻ţ 岻ɣħΪ࣬һ־ͺ޲ó֮졣
Ϫ֮˽飬 ɻǿƲסԼģθûú³̻¶У ҲʹöһӶù⣬ա
໹СǻͲԼڲͬڳ֮ ʱô£ ֻ֪Լڳ⻹һ
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ģżϪҹһνؿڴ˸һΰԭΣֱӽ޻֮һڵϣ˼ʱˡ
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šü
ƽ˵ǹģǿ



94 ɺ
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಻׽ ҲЩԺǰģ ӹƧ һֱ롣
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ϹŴսڼ䣬ҵһԼ·ݷţڰаǵʮǣЩаħȼغʩչԼļıǧʱ䲼ֻ֣һ졣
̵ְȫѹ
ʧȥôͽɱ²ͰƳɿܣͰҪ·Ĩɱˡ
಻˵ţʦͽԼͣǺܿҲˡ
಻ɫ۰正ȫ޵ķӡ



95 ɱ
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СͲǷǣδܹ̣ܽѾŤô꣬û˭̹ΪԴͲ֪Դɱʹ֮йɱһ˵ʱͳˣ֮һٶɱ̤һ򵥡
֮ħĨԷߣͷŶԷͷ̰뼫
Ϊ¹飬Ҳڳ¼Ҵ屻ѹǧܲˣխĵطѺǧ֮ãʹ֮ӷħ
ϾѺǧ꣬˭᳹׷
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֪˼СؼңǺڵ֮ȣںöӣ޷ǾҪ϶˼
ӣѾװһԸҸƷԼԸܱˣԼͽˡ
ʱĶȻѾ꣬Уǲ֪µСӣֵġ
Ѻڳ¼Ҵ巨еЩУµִ𽥼أͷβرˣҲƫִʦͽĹϵǻ̫࣬ζ¶ԡ
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ˣˣôãջ·
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඼ǵʮǻرһΡ
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ཫ˵ڻУ۾ĶͷվǶ֡
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ʵɱˣ䲻֪ЩŶܲµΪ˱סûĵСӣһֱ£ͷʳ
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ȴûӦһ֡
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ĮȻΧЩԾһŨڷڣʱҪѹʹ˸ɫᣬ漴Ҫ֡
ɶͿ뷨Ҳ˵ôˣ׼޿صľ֣ʦͽӣӵϻǱѹˣʡʡѾˡ
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ֻ༹ǲ²⣬ҪľԱ
Ȼ˵ǧǰΪӮôսҲΪ˲֮ǣϺĲԪʼɱˣֻϧʣһ©֮㣬˻ˣնҪǿ̾
ǰһЦͰ正Ϻ;ôȻǲģҲǣôִԺض£һݣûô˼ˡ
Ѱ˵Ѫ̵ĻҪɱˣ·Щ˶ֵһᣬݽ棬ɱǶôӦ
ѹȸԽԽϤྭġ
ľᳶ˰һ£ֻ˲˵Ԫʼ󡣡
֮Уúܣѹ֮ɽҪֲ֪ɱж
ྪһ£̧ͷ򶫳ࡣ
Ҫɱˣ
Ԫʼ׾پܲµģҲΪ˷סħڣŲòôһĴЩ߶ʮͷЩһ
ٵеˣһڶǷ赽ûˣԼҲڳڣô൱ʯٵ󷨣
֮Щߵʳˣ޷ȫܣǽʣµ
ԪʼŲ£Ҳ˵һӾȫЩߣǹѺһȵʱŷǳ׼
˲תʮʮʵԷȴ㶼㣬ôվ򵽵һ˲䣬˾ٿػޣһؾۣ˲Ƶߡ
ὣֵɽһģʱԷٿޣһؾۡ
ıȷ֡ö࣬ɲ⣬żʦͽʮΧס
ͫ׽˹ס
ȻҲԪʼ󣬿϶Լ뿪ĺ·Ҫ뿪ˡ
޿ˡ
೤һ죬ȫնɱǰȥס԰歺סߣ
ȴʱɫһݣȵʦСģ
ϧһྐྵʱУκ֧ŨħٿطࡣУһѡܿ˾ͻûѣû˿ԥ֧ɼ󽫶ץס
ͬʱһģȥ࣬ѵϵ±ס
ûϵ死ôһһȵң



96 ս
µģϧһˡ
־棬ѣ練סԷħչ黹ںµģ߾һûʶĿտӣĹ˼ɡ
ַƫִû취
歽±Դϣ֣ݹҲ
˵ţֱ¾໮һĿӣʱҪϵİëԴµӡ
ϽʣĶˣǻˣɾʲôûˡ
歿ɲںӦˣɶںҪľʬ壬ҪǻٵˣԱɱ»Խܣʱͣ£죬ĵؿŰ歡
һߣеֻ߼ͷ˿ڴڷ飬գ۵Ļֶ́ˣȫȻû֪
ͷ֪մʲô˲˶ýӲһӲʯͷڵʼңЩܿơ
Ƽ״ü
ȴô˽һеĳ˲䣬ǷĽڵѣΪ촷ۡط࣬ɨҶһ㽫жһߡ
ͫһȥţɻûг嶯ǽ¿ס
ŻɵĶȴڴ˿̲ܲˣôֱ˲Ƶǰǵû˿ǣʣΪסң
һ䣬ǸոնԸһУ֧ٿֱ歡
ɲŷſڵʬȥ
಻мЦ
ħùףݣñסԼҪ´ߣֻǲ歴
߶䣬Щʿ֮䣬׷׳ӿһƬҪûȥ
ʱͶȻı䣬ǰǰ歺ռλôʿҪסҪԸ࣬ʵϾ֡ξȷʵѡ
ŻƷ歸һ˼ԼʦӦЩǼԸࡣû˿ԥֱӽξ޴İ׺תһƴڶϡ
ȻʼʩڽӴһɲֻ롣
歲׷ˣȥԱߣֵЩʿ
ûдҪЩӲӲܵԪʼѹأ֪ѾûʲôʱˣҧҧӲѶѹסϤעƷ֮У͵ش߶䣬ȼ˳ֽΧ˵Ĺʿߵ԰˵һŶ࣬СЩ
԰գʯֵ֮Уʹ˽һԪʼֵʱ䡣
̹Ԫʼ֪һѹζʲôǧǰЩԼǵʮǵ˶Ӳ񲻼ĻҲͬ³
лô޹İգһ£ʿԱԵֵһ£Щտ޸֮ȫϵһ׸
öóѣϽԼΣ֮УѱʴԵڵǵֵʮֳ
֪ĴϽȥš
עһ󣬰Щģһ˲أû˵ʲôֻһĻסȫ
ǿڵĶֿ⵽ķɲᣬͷĹѪζڰԱߣұֳֻǿţϲɫɵؽ
ƮͻȻҲ෽ǰ歵ߣЩʿԼҲȫȻܣֱӶϰ歡
ִ̫̫أԭͷħڸ˶ȫޣɱأ޲ܽʦͽһɱ
死򶨣ƳԼʦһۣĶԸࡣ
ĹʿԽԽ࣬һܲ͸ȦΧСʦͽԣԭǲںЩСආģΣʱ̫࣬ôܵӰ죬Ҷ໢ͨĹ˲
񣬽Ϥע볤֮УȻضҷĿմնȥôնĶࡣ
ܲ׽˵ĴڣֻסԷһҲǳ䲻ܴС
ܿһһļЩֱ
ʹֳΣɫһˡ
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ñŭ֮ǰ򾲣ֻ£ɰ歾ǰٰ»һץסؿڵĳһ½ϣֱ°歵ĹͬʱһдǱڽ࣬ҧݵ
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ǽֵôһ¶СŵøϽ𴲳鿴ԶѾһƬ棬ɵԭأ漴󺰡
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붫зԷϢĻᣬҪսپ
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࿴ʲôʦͽڵƫҪ£˰߶ڰϷԪʼأѹƱƳǣҪһ㡣
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൱ͬ߶Կһֱѹţʱ䡣
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Щ˲ô£Ϊ콫٣ŵֱͨ£߶µүġ
Ÿڵʿ׷ʱ䣬ֺͬʱɫ뵽ûлȥʦͽˡ
϶ˡɫصǵ濴ۡ
ЩΧͷĹʿɢ˲٣ڳһӿȥԣ
վڽߣص˻ɰΣǳԱߵˮƵ˵ˣȫȥӭս
ˮƶӵģҲ˲Ծµǳ£ȴɲǺѹѹĵзŵòһ·Сȡ
ҵĵӱоģа壬ܳȥЩôȥ𣡡
ͬʱǿгŵǿʼѪԪʼʵڰԵƾһ˸ֵܵȥֻصޡ
Ƴ°正˫ץδаԥֱӹעһ㽫ע롣
ճεԪʼʱ
死ͷȥƼǱѰûʯУɵŲסȥ



97 
Ԫʼһѹнһڣûʱ룬ľЩˡ
ϹŴսʱҪӡħڲܷ֡ѣѡԼ֣ʵ䲻꣬뵱Ծһ
󷨵ķ̫أؿǧʯٿ£ȫѪǰʱһڣζˡ
ڵƻڴѿ˿ڴѪȻˣҲаֵͳɣֻܳżһ֣Žɿ
ŶԼ˺·ɽսʱʹ󷨵Чñ֮һθԷȫһŻԵЧ
ԪʼЩȶϳĹߣƺʱһ㣬ҲֹڴˣûгĹԪʼʼ޸ȡ
ոһѾľδֻܷܱѹס
󷨵ǿգ֮ȫѹϣ޷룬ƶһ¶ܡµǣԪʼ׫ȡתʳĻ
ȫǿ歵ԪãǺʶȴǣǶԼġľǿ嶼ֻһõĿտӣĻȻǿǿʱֵסԪʼķɡ
Ӳţԭһɫ԰ֽعţ̧ۿ˿歡
˳ӣȻʧȥͬģսȻһ½򿪣ٲһеعȥȥࡣ
ʦ𣡡
һĻͬʱ񣬵Ϊֻ޴롣
ȴùȥס࣡
ͬΪסԷ˳ҲΪ˱ȫ棬ڳ嶯ֻṦһǧ
ֹס
ֻǲ̣ͬģҲ˽Լʦ
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ʵܵסû뵽ΪԼһʱһ£ͷȥ
໹ԭƣųһļأûбֳǲԸ歵ġ
Ѳֻܳܿˡ
ԼʲôͽȻ᲻ܲ˵سסԼ·̼ŷɵʹ»嶼ʹҲû¶ֺ
ʵһֱΪ˾˶ĴۣЩΣֻԸֱ棬ڶܶѡ
ǰߵϣϵ²ˣԼҲһиˣ¶Գ侲ǶСͽܡЩֲԼУδȥ̽ԷԸﵽ״ʲôλ߶ԷԼԾʲôֻʲһ̣ҪϮ歵ʱһ˵ĸо
ָойģɽԪʼѹʱ֪ԼͿˣٿǹһˣôŲ¡
ݸͷװ²Ҳװűʲôǻûףɸոָо͸ǿˡ
²лһںģһͬѰˣ˶Էô꣬ҪٻһΣͬ
֪ʱĴ˽֣ջ˵ȥסࡣ
֪ʦͽǿţݾ֪϶ֲ˶ã˼һ˲Ȼı˾
ȻʦͽҪסβԸҿȰô߶˵ҹĻϷԪʼڴʱ޸Щ߽ʧգۼ͸ԭ
ڿŵסοƲסػζֱ۶ڴ
໹кУ˵óѣɿҧ⣬ôѪ͵䣬ԻΪԪʼֿ
ֺαӲţôȥֻҪɢĻᶼˡ༥˵˴̼正˵ţƳ۳նİ正в˼
βЩԪģԷʲô״˭ڻܼţǿнûʲô
ַʽԻǵ˺أ򲻵ѶãҲû취ȻԪʼѹˡ
歳ضˣһ¾ͽԷС
̫Σ˵ˣֱײ̮һǽڡ
ſڵصʬС߬ţ̧Ŷ࣬ʱҪİ׺ʬ÷˼
ɫ˲ͱˡ
ס֣
ֱ̧ۣҪ׺ļơʱ񣬾ôçײسȥȴʱ֣ʽһתڴʱ߶׷Է
Ǻ¡һ졣
˴òɿ࿿аѹס正ɴʱͱ޿ɻ֣Ļǰʵ
Χķ̮ԽԽ࣬涼
Ƕˣ𣬴ҶڣЩƴǣվǳȥ
Ԫʼάֵʱ̫ãղֱ߶ԽԽأ༸ҪȥֲܣʶѾʼ벻壬ʮֲȶ
ԳܵƫͷȥĵؿǱߵİ正һĿջأذ봹Ƥ
µʬס࣬ԪʼѹأѲֵܵȥֻöóѣʱǳаպʿǰ歺ûһк³
˿Ѫǿѣһҧֽû֡
ʱԶҴҸǼ̲ס
ϧûӦֻ߽ˣа˵뿪
һ㶣ʲô
ȴŲסһѪһһ仺뿪



97 
ض֪ͣǺ⡣
Ȼ࣬Σ˵ʲôȴ˿ڡ־Ȼ޿ȣѳɣûκηӣôȥֻʯ١
ǿԲںлôƽգѹº롣
Ҷѷħǵĵز뿪ˣպĿɲֹһǡ
ǿԪʼ󿹺⣬־ƣеķӽһҲûѡ񣬱Ͼɶаղܻɵʿú³಻⡣
ִأµʬԪʼڣһԼ˺··ͻƵ㡣Ȼ಻֪˵׻ʲôУɲ뵽󷨵˭
ķ֡ˡ
֡ȱԪʼᷴɽ֮ˣ㣬ҪͻԪʼͱɴ֡
ظɽ
˵̫࣬԰գֻһۣ漴Լָ⣬ѪĨڽϡ
϶صŶķ䣬׼Ϊ۶ø᲻ɴݵԪʼԿ
ӵмǧΪĻο߳Ĵܣһɽӣһ־ͽԪʼ󺳶
ҡΧķľҲڻΣ໥жײó˶Ϊ֮һ
ǵصĻ̿־УĴ󺰣㷲ֿ־޴Ⱥҵòӣˤ˶ҴڳӣҲںˡ
ŸڵЩʿ֮ȫŵźҹա
˲뿪ʿ̰жһȥͻԴ˾ЩʿǷӦ졣Ϊ׵ЩνӻǿȻЩóɣʿĲҧҧ˵ķԣѡȥæ
͵պİĳѧľǿ壬ԹʵΥ̻壬λԲסˡ
ŸںңĲ룬ơ
ʿͽϾ˼ЩΪ߶˲䣬ЩͽӲĹʿȫˣķɶһ㳯ӿҪֹࡣ
ѽ࣬ջ
ˣǵסȵ壬Ҫסࡣ
ˮƵй˼ɣʱûһثģȫΧ棬鹲ˡ
Ǳߵİ死붫ɱۣ꣬ٲȻʧصǶûˡһֱڴ߶󷨣߶Щʿ񵽲ܷɵأ·ֻҪЩԼԵɱһжֵõģ»ԼҲȥ
㣬ŵҿֻҪһ˷ܡһԸ歵Ĺһ氵Ԫʼ̫֮򲻴ܲ˵оҲԿƣľ·ֳЩɫѪܿʼ䣬Ϊһĺɫ·ɲǳ
ʲôоƵģʽûа裬ԽԽݾ
̲סƵƵ⿴һ࣬ܣڵĶһҧס˾Ͳŵķ蹷Ľζࡣ
Ǹ֪ʲôȥαŲţٴνʱ㱻Է˵
һж࿴
վվֻǿţڵʲôͬʱĻüȶ
ЩҵĿ޺ӵа붫Ĵ
ǰԪɵģͨͬһˣҲܵͬ˺಻·
ĻԼģ歷룬ûͲȻԷǻˣڶ񶫳Щ֡һǰ歵Ԫķ֡£死ˣɲ׵ķˡ
ʶЩɢƫͷ˰һۣһֻڿлһѪѪһɣٿһ˲ֳɫٴϻޡ
ѪʧһɲǣĻ忪ʼ룬ú֡
ڰϿյԪʼͻȻľѣسһƬѺۡ
Ϊ󷨱ײ̫ͣǵĵضҲ֮ǿңӷϻ䣬ڵѹһƬʱ컹ţѹֶ֣ޣ󺰣ûֹͣ
ǰѵҲûжһֱάһƣֱͦؽŽԴ΢΢ʹš
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ĻѾһΣܿͻʧȥʶƬûжʱԥòѵصֵԼĻʱѹµԪʼͨȻ͵䡣
Ҫ󷨵ɵԼϣûЩԪʼô׾ͻƣôô󣬷ĻԽԽ
ȴûлңǵȻݵؼ˫ֽʲô
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˷ʲôػˣ֮ûС
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󷨵ķڣͬľ˽ȥһ˿ػض
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ųͷŵڵϵĶ࣬Ӧ֪ûлͷޱ飬ҹ𣬴۷ɡ
ս֣Ŷ潫Сİ׺ʬ顣
༱ۣ󷨵ķʳʹʲôˡ
ס֣
ɶˣ޶ԡ
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µʬϡãһ̲ģѪˮ⡣
Ҫ̲ѪˮƴȻֻһֵ죬ħذѪԼﴧ߶ʲô
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Ҫҵġʦ𡭡
ϧһ̲ٲܸԭ񶼼ȫ
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Щʿȫˣֱ֮ˣڿսʿȫͣ£ãˮƲ𾪱ʹغʦ



97 
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