صС˵www.27txt.com ȥС˵
½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ

ħС

ߣ

飺

ħɼϮС

Ҷʮ״󵶣ʮ

ɣȵȣף

ƽʱħҶԻ촩

1	1.1	С

ħǧħħһλħħеġ

Ϊ˴ʱ䣬ǰħ˺ɵ۴һܣɵ۵ĹΪӱǮˡǰĥɵӦ磬͵͵ȥɽ鿴Ūɵ۵ĵڶ

һǰħʹ˼ʹŹɹȥһ˼䡣ϾǴӲǮҲ̫ãӰɽȺһΪǸ

Ȼħȷʵʺ綼֪顣

ħɽзС⣬ӻȥǧС硣֮ɵûдȥħħҪʧͲˡ

ʱ˿̣ħǿɫСоҪôá

˵Сϵͳɽܵ˼С˵ŪĶҪռ

ħȻ֪ǿٵ֮ǰһдкôǶħûʲôáħǰżȻŪһ㣬رذɶӽɽɳˣͦóԵġ

ϵͳʮָȤܲŪСʳҪˡ

ϵͳǵ˼Ѫù

ħ˴˴𣿡

ϵͳװС

ò˾ˡħ˿ŵ

ϵͳװǸڵɽϵͳħͬۡ

Ȼвħڷһ˼ô죬һöСֽסתһתŤһŤ

ڵϵͳˣһ鵽ʧصĸоһæڣϵͳߺŽ߳Ϊ񣡡

ħüëӴԭ˵

ʶϵͳǲк³ģûһʱ俪Ϊħ˾Ϲĺߺź֪ܿˡħ˲Ųǲ׼̹״ӿأֻԼˣȰڹˣŴ󷢴ȱϵͳΪԼɡ

ĳЩСͿ̽鵽˭СɶԷԸܵõЩȽϵͼ̫ܶ෨һЩ΢Сõģ忴ǿȡ

ϵͳٴαĥȲؾͰ鵹һɾˡ

ħ˼ԣʵҲҪæҲҵ

ԶԶԣϵͳӯԴǷŹҰɣ

ôħ˸۸ˡתһ룬ɵǼһĶˣȥɡԼѾǷɵծˣ˼ҵС

ϵͳ֮ǰħ˻һֻͷǸ˰ɡ

ϵͳߺţΪʲôҪͳ

ħ˼Ľ͵ҿһЩ˼С˵ںͷƺɨǣ˭˭

ϵͳҲ

ܵ;˫ĥϵͳȲضˣ¶һԼҪһŷħҲ⣬ֱʩչⷨѣȽ鷳Ҫʱ䡣

ӵ˺üӣѵ˸һСӵˡʱһ񣬶˵ͻΪһ⣬С硣

ɽϵͳǻķʽȽϵһǰԭϮ

һˣ̫ãΪ񲻹أѹסôõıܻܶѣڷ˵ɽ

ɽϵͳѰǵĴ֮󣬻ͶԷЭ顣ϵͳݹ壬ԭϮȻˣԭһδ

ħ˲ϰñ˵壬ҶԷֱ֮ӱʾҰϮڼһߣ͸ռָ˯һ˯´󼪡

ǿȸ

ħһǮٸɻģûа׸ɰñĵһԷϮòãǶ鷳

ֱ֮ˣô֪᲻˶Ͳɻˣ

ֻܰ㡣ħùƻʵǲƽȽףǿǿ𣿡

֮

֮˻ں޵ˮȴòӦƽԼϾ׵ĲʹħħŲ˴ء

˯ԭôɽָˣħģòԴħģڵѪҺϸԭԱDNAҲԱֺ֤ȫĴ

Ψһ鷳ǣԭֲͬЩ鷳ħ룬ɴֲŪһǿиԭ˸뿪ʱָٰĻˡ

䶯֮ԭصϢԶˡϵͳϵĵϢԶ滻ֽдҲı

֮ʡ£Ȼöˡ

ħ˿ԭ--֤ǶдŵġҶ֣¶顣㶨

Щֱӽԭߴǧ˳Ѹٿǰʮ켣ȻѵöСһαͬ顣

û취ԭ̫ˡ

2	1.2	С

ÿһһԭľǳѪ·һ顣

ǵ׼ͥΪĸ׵زǮпԭԼ¹Ƶĳǿӽȵԭеƭƭɫ֮󣬾ͷ·ˡ

˼ҵģжǽϰ壬һҲ⡣ĺǮһ㶼ԭáûԭһǮԭľǮֱ˸

Ҷħ˿߾;ˡ

黹ҪǸ¹˵𣬲Ӧ˵Ǻ¹⡣

Գϣһ÷İ¹⡣ԭͨ˼ҵĺӣʮʱ򣬼ͻȻԣԸԽԽ󣬺ܿ켷׼Լûʲô£ֻһֺе競ѡ

¹ˡΪӰңƬʮַǮҹֻС

ȻΪԼ˷ףЩҵҵصΪ֮·שߡʱˣо;òҪһϧֻǮر

˴һܣΪ˶гȥˣҲֻԩͷѡ˵šѣǮ˾ͻ㡱ʵûҪϵѡ

Ϊ£ʮ˵ԼǮΪ˲ԭԼǮαװСӣüӽԭ

԰¹Ⱞ޽ӣû취ȥ԰¹⣬ɴ˸ֿƲסԼǨŭһжֵԭͷϣԺסԭ֮󣬾Ͷԭʱʱȣһ徫֡

ȵûǮӹŵθ绰ǸŵԸһ֮ȻҲԭƷƨƨ߻ȥҰ¹ȥˡǰеƭԭȫҵ

ԭ˵ԼͶʣʱЩǮ׬ǮܴչԭˡԭɵģҲûлԼѣ˵ͰǮȥˣһȥأϵˡ

ԭ֪뿪֮ǱǮ˰¹⡣ȡ˽ѵԼǮãñ˵Ǯ㣬ǮϺܣҲ

ԭͶ·ֽ費ǮϹһ˫۾ںΪûǮƲżȻĳһŵʱ򣬿еƬ֪ԷСӣϼŵĴү

ȥҪ˵ȴײǳеĽڡ˷֣ȻҲֲ˺ãаֺˡ

Ŀǰ߽չо·죬ȫϵϣ绰Ҳǿպšԭ֪ʶԼƭˣڼޱӣͱҶšһ˫۾׳ӣ¶ģر۸

Ҷžգģͦɰģ˵¹ԭÿһ㣬ֲίʵǸ˵Ű㣬ŤͷͰԭƭ˴ǰ󲻹̶һݰˡ

ԭһͳһ£ü׷˻һݡҪԭɵÿҲܽƭȫ

ҶޱشԭֱֻӲͨ㡣

ƭǮô죿ȻҾ尡

ȻǸħͷ㳣ʶ֪ġоԭûɨβŪһٱһ׼ִϢôֻвҵģûҲġ

ֽӵ֮ʮӣϾ永ߴʮԭѧڹѧò״µǮǵŽѵľǮͬ־ʮθУΪǰ참ʱܺĸ׵òβţһ㲻ҵ

Ҷһ˫Բھ˫ŮȲ裬ҪжŮͬؿõһ׹

ллҶСл΢֡еֱֳ棬ͨ˹켣ģʲô̽öˡ

Դӳħ֮ҶͲôǰЩСˡΪ֮ȻãҲ׳⵼·ʧЧı˷֡Ͼܹշ֮ģҲֻɵۺʡ

ҲǴõģԸУǲŪ򣬺пܻһЧӦϾǧཻ֯ǣһȫͨСӰС

ԣٳǰҶʵضбʺ򡪡ѾˣСر࣬Գ·һҪСİ

ȻߵֱոմӰγһžડʲôҵԴϡ΢΢һ㶣һͷһֵʺ

У

ҶһĻûЦΪ˱Ц۾ɵõɵøԲЩԽɰ

ʱŮó˼¼ٴѯƭӵص㣺ٻһʲô˵Ѱа

Ҷһϵ˵رСϲ

һ߶ʱžžžડһɹͷʺ

У

Ҷգգۣ룬ãԺһҪԡ

3	1.3	С

Ϊ˷㾯ͬ־ץˣҶṩ˲ϢԭĵƬҲһȥϾ֪˭ˣ൱ȷ𰸽⣬ԻʱʱװոʲôȻ󲹳һصϢ

ϣûþˡֻΪԷǸЩһȻƭƭɫ

ת˼¼ü٣ûԼпܵģҲȻáȡСأȻܹ֤еĳ࣬˳뿪ʱĳƺŸȷϼŵĴү

Ҫô˵ûɨβأһʼݶŪġ˵ԼֻǸڸȦﶥŪһŪô԰Ѿưʱϵһ֮ɣڼֱṇ̀ǱСʱˡ

ȻȷѡȻҪʼ׽ˡֻУץ鷳һ㣬Ҫ͵ؾϵûгʡȻ

Ϊֹ˾Ӳ죬żȻײԭźԭϵġƨ֮ԭץϹˣҲŶԷͬһУԭǳȥĻƣôҲһء

бŲˮʱ򣬸մӼϴͷص˾

ǵù͸յ˾ſھͱֻȥ´һݣĵԼԴϴˢʮ飬ϴͺˡ֮һ·̫ƽûʲô⡣

ȻΪҶʧЧˣӦ˵ȫǡ

Сħ˲ĿŵóȻɴԳĴĳʱԵСǰЧȴһƷֻЧһء

ĻӰȽСҶҲõİˡϾżѪлһֵùʽһݣǵҪͬʱNdebuffЧӣһֳǿɾûˡ

֮⣬һԭǾҪץˡһ˾ͬ־Ƕ಻˼

ƽƽ˹˾һɶ飬Ծʱڻ͵ֻһûͣ»ͷʱԺͰ¹ⷢϢûв

˾ٱթƭһˡֱ߹˵

һ±Ƶ̧ͷңթƭϴүõԽȥթƭ

͹ɶҲ±ˣԸæǰ棺ͬ־᲻ʲô᣿ǴүȱǮô£

ϵıҲһѾ˵ô֪λүʲôëúһװƭС

֤ȷ䣬ݲõڶɣϼſܲûбô⣬Դٶ䵽ƭ˾Ǯĵزˡ

ֻû˾ٱϷǷӪҲö£ֻȰŪߡ

ԸҪԴĿ֮±ˣ˲׷ʲô϶ᴫԷĻ˵ͷҥϷǷӪӰ켯ŵĹɼۡ

æһһذæѣȻͬ־ȫΪһλͷǷϻֱУϲʶһҶ

ŭԼ˵жʱǣ齩Ӳһ˲

ʶˣͬ־һ֤ƭҶȫʮһˡ

ֱ׳ˣ֪Լܽӣһ飬æ˵ǶʮСǮңһʮ򣡡

һڳˣ

һֱüԹ۵Ķ³ԸЩûιȥôôȻƭ˱˵Ǯһô˵ˣ

ȻһΪǮԽκ飬ȫûʶô˵ʲôԡԼֻҶһСǮôǮһƿƵġҶͶ㣬о͵ǸСַ¡

֮ǰȷʵԭκǮһʱһʱ鷳ˣСǮҲʲô¡е㲻þҶǸƢȻᱨ˵թƭ

ΪеԱɶҲû˰취ֻˡһ·жڽҪǮνʮֵĿŵˡ

ձʡ׼թƭʮѾر޴ˣʮ𲽡ָ˵˺õʦкܴռģԷǮ˽ˡ

ͬ־Ȼܺ˴ӦթƭֱȽأ˽͵͵Э˽Ҳˣ³ǺġΪ˱ʾԼ˽ͬ־ֻܸڳһ¹̬ȣȫԴһҶҪ

ҶѾ˼ҡȻȥԴ٣ҪҲǶԷмɵ˲ȥԼҴӪء

Դٿ֪֮ܲǰʱĳ̬Ѿ¼Ƶϡͷ⴦УһƭƭɫĸǺټģػ㲻ٳԹȺڵ֪̽

Ҷˡ΢΢һЦеƬ鲢ïףһ䣺һܺϱģ

4	1.4	С

ԴٻȫʱҶ˼ôԭҽҩѵ顣

ʮȻǲģѣкڵȷãһûдʮ첻ôŪǮǹؼˡ

ҶȻӦϮҲûǸȤҵҵ۷塣ȼһħŵ¶˾ѾܲˣȻҪࡣ

ԭԼҲ׬ǮѧʱһȥԺֻࡣҽҩѵĿϺԭԼӣҲӰʲôҶ˵ʡķ

ôˣȥǮ

Ҷ˼ؿеƬƣⲻһֳɵƭԭһ£㾫ʧѲְɣ

Լǲöȥεģн˼ԼѱᱨԭȻҶб±סԭûбҪôڣֲֻβܵ㹻ıħ˶Ƿӡ

ȰǮŪ֣Ȼʰ

Ҷ˼һƻǽŵƬתȥϴĴˡ

ͬʱھֺȲԴٲ֪Ϊʲôһʹ˭һƵġɵԼѵǳֻþˡ

ҶϸϸϴҪõĲϣȻֿʼͷĵŮһǧǮ⼸첻ú硣Ҷʵ̫

ΪħħҶǿܶλġΪΨһԶħѪ۷壬Ϊ

ǲʳ˼̻ȻҲͲˡҪżῴ˼С˵֮ĽƣҪһĨڣʲôʶˡ

˵Ҳһ顣ħذٶ˹ͷ²ԻҪԭȡ

СʱҶŹɫЩֵ˳˼ܣţҲǽͷŶˣˣɣӦⲻ

Ӽ﷭ͰװһͰֱŲгҽԺȥԭҽԺԶȥʮӣʡ˺˼鷳

ԭһǳ浾ŮˣȻѾʮˣǿȴᡣǸܼǿŮˣɷ򳵻ţһ˶ӡۿŶӾҪҵˣסԺ

Ҷ̽ʱ򣬿ԸоԷʮΣǾԼ۶ˡԭĸ̸ĸײû˵ʲôǸĻֻǰغһ¶ӵ塣

ͦõġҶٵ˵ѵѾˣڵġ

ԭĸһ㶣æ׷Ǯġôһʣѽ赽ǼûзӿԵѺǽ˸ɡ

ȻһʮֳĹ¡

Ҷ˵һǰ£һëĸԷӼ߶ˣּǲԼĶǰڰҵ˼ˣʮָмǴӦǮż

ΪͬСȺ壬ԭһֱûкĸ̹ԼеĹϵĸֻ֪ʱӺһͬסԷûʲôǮӾͺסˡ

Ȼ򣺡ԭ·ϼİ

˵Լô֮ǰûӻʶôһ鶼ȥˣиýҲͷˡ߸˵Ŷӵ˵ȻкñöԺҪˡ

ҶҲգشӦˣԼһͦ˵ġ

ȻѽˣϾǽǮԭĸûжµԭոձҵǰʱ赣ģѳѾҵһݲĹֻҶǸ˾˼ٵģʹЩȥ

ҶҲûٻģ˵ױ¶ҲûоܾĻ棬뿪ˡԼûԷأȻ˼䣬ȻҪץƷһʳġ

ҶعԼСӣǱԴ˶ǳꡣ֪ҶϹҪԼȥʱ

ѺѾˣڻҪһ·ѺȥУýе˿ЦЩըҲûֻϵϢ֪ԼѾϱˡ

ԼǱߵ뻨ǮͳթƭڱȽأǽô󡣳ܺǱɿڣԼǺġϾǼҲʮ㣬ֲƼôǿЩӣ˱о˵ˡ

ѣԼֻøϽȥҶҶɿڷˡǱϾ֮ǰһֱڹѹ֪Ҷ˵Ĵڣһʱ̻Ҳȵһ¡

Ҷһ磬ȵϰ˵ʱ򣬲ҵĴšҶ֪˭룬ѷŵƬöԷΪδˡ

ţߵűߣħд˼ħ֣Ȼ̸ʵ˭ѽ

ԭΪһСȻǲİ˿ŵġҶĦһ˼ԼȻСϸڶ˵ˣһſӦܵø֡

ϧͣ

5	1.5	С

ˣǱġ

ҶѾǰӵ˾ֵϢȥһˣԴٵ̸̸Լҹµʱʧأǰ

ҶǲǵģȥһأҪǴӦˣ컹ô棿Ծ㿪ţҲֻ߶ԷԼӦɴ಻

˵Ļ֮ûɿڿţǼرʾ̫ˣܷǽԼһ粻ֲܿСһ۸ô죬ʲôȥ˵

㡪ü鷳

С飬ȻżԽԼġһʼҲòףɼԭƢ۸ûϡ

û뵽ȴϺݺһͷСãͦ⣬Ȼҧˡ

һ뵽ҪûЭ̺ãһҧŲţԶǱ߻ôǨŭԼ͸еͷ󡣶ڲϵҶҲǨŭȻ˱һвԭ뷨ȴҲŽȥ

һԱС˵ſڣ϶ҪţʱͰѵٷȥ֡

һٱô죿ֲɵطʵ

һҭҲǣҶ粻ôһϣҶҲȫԴ绰СǸߡǳſڣûطܰٷְٶµҶˣȥ˾֣һжѾˡ

˰ΣȻһ£ʱга취ˣ¾Ͳ£߰ɣȥϢ

һͷˮҲûʣֱ뿪ˡ

ڣҶµڴŸˢֻ뿪ĽŲŤͷһ۴š

֮ǰþħд˼ħ֣Ȼġ

ϵһʮֳãΪʿ׭̷ʱµķģɽ֣дɽ֡ࡱ֣ǳ򵥴ֱֻΪɽ½粻ͬ˿ķġ

ͬħҲеͬЧħдħ֣ҲܲӦЧֻºͣħħȽϱŰħƸʺɻ¡

֡ơʵдЧԳͬ

Ҷдı崿ġжĳˤȡʮһ֡ҲԭҵŴ󣬲Ȼдġ

ʿǴҲ벻˻ôһķƣϾѧĹʹ࣬һǾĸڵġ

ħäҶôݳдһֵħҲࡣħֻɬѶ˷ͼǿѧϰǧħ֪֮ħ֮⣬ħԸħƶԵУҲҪȥɨä

֮һȺ޴־ĺԴɱɱ˼ȡҲԹϱɽ˱ӡ

Ҷ̵ؾֻŲ˴ϣ̽ͷ¿ȥͼûãڷŰӵԪ˳ǲˤˣ

ħ˲ŲİоȻأװʲôûˢعɴȥˡõҹŸոտʼҪȥϷ

ڶ磬СһƬ̫ƽû·ˡ

Ҷʮ˳صִ˾֣ΪסԺûǰǿǰϵʦ˵ԼļƻʦƺҶе㱧ǸǮ-֣ͬһҶҲʲô

ҶŰ׳ԹɵСֿСŮ˶ΪŰʦһۣҶ˱ˮʾɲҪš

ڱ˺˽Э£öˣߵúǻΪԼһ˽ϵҶڿûǰ̸

ʦһ۳Դ٣쵽죬ԴΪϾ˺ܾáҶҲûг䳰ȷֱĮӡϧҶһ㲻̬ȣϲַεЭ̡

ȻʦҲôġ˿ȻھʾԿʼ֮󣬾͹˵΢ЦȶҶ˵һͨⶼᡱĳ滰

Ҷͷ˫һԲһͬҷԴˡǵž棬˵ֵĻ̼ҶϾԼһûֻĳ̶ȣֶŸûʲô³

һʦϽ˵ص㣡

ʦεЦЦ²۴үź򡣻ŮȥˣȻҪˡ

Ҷɪһ£װŵӡ

ģԴԽˡҶӺֱȫͬˣһ㶼û˵ӰӡԼһʼľҶôһͶԷйǣ

ҧһô˷۱Դٲɵðһ˿⡣

Ҷȫȫû̧ͷһֻۡʦӲͷƤڵܱǸҶĲ㣬Ը˫ļǮҹ¡ҶʲôҪ󣬲ֵǿ

ȻҶûиӦֱʦظһ飬С˵ҲҪǵġǮ

˵ǣҲŲǡǮϧ治̫ʺ˵ƤֻźغԵˡǮǰݴʡ

ʦԤϣô׽Ҳϵ棬͸úˡҶԽΣΪ˹òĽ飬ֱץ׼ǰѨ

˵Ҷ֪ĸȱһʽ֧ѣ

Ҷ˲̧ͷвң

Ա߼λľԱҲüͷǵвܺˣ˰ɣ

ʦæ͵Ҷˣ˵ǣĿǰķǳȱǮû֮ҪǮ֧ҩѺסԺѣкڵҲǲСĿ֧

ȷʵʵ޷ҶһЩǽʦûг׷¾衣

Է̬ʦæٽѾ׷ԼĶʮЩĸƻѡ֪ǮƵˣΪĸףĲԡԸһЩǮ½ҹҲÿԽ˻ʽȱ𣿡

Ҷ򴽣һԲ

òãԶǱһ£ԼҰĸ׵ȫƷãŹԴ١ʦ̽飬Ҳ֪ϵûʲô³ȻʲôΥҼ͵飬Ǻҵкǲ¼㻹Ǻ׵ġһǿĵˣԼǮΪĸƣ˫һ

ܾ뵽ķˣԭĸ˵Ҷ˵ʮһ𲢲ԴǸܼܰҵ竣Ǯʱһҹܻɾ

ΧľԱ鶼Щӣʵ̫뿴ԴƲãҲҶĺȱǮң϶Ҷ˵ȷʵǳ鷳ϡ

Ƿ׷׿Ҷ֪ôѡ

ֻҶĬΣ󻺻ڣĸҪô࣬ϸ𣿡

˵ԶԸ⻨ôǮԴƭʮöԷʮܹƽô

6	1.6	С

Դٲôá

ʲôƭ߶ʮͻҪǿϸԭǮƭԭľǮʮԼ⣬ٶе㲻Ըˡ

ϧ˵ʱʦԶǱϵһ£ܿһڴӦҶҶ϶˱ģԭĸʵҪôǮβܿ⣬໨ʮǻġ

Դٵֵ÷зȥֻԽԽ⡣Ϊ˲Ӱ칫˾ɼۣȻսپԶԼͷС˵ʱֶܴ󷽣

˵ʵԶΪֹûΪԼҶôšƽʱǸʲô㻨Ǯͦ󷽵ôҶͷϾһĲҪ˼ҵġ

뵽Զͷö˶ˡԼʲôȱҲȱǮôôСĶӣܳЦĹ

Ϊ˸Ͻ⣬ðѶŪʰԸɿ˰ǮҶתȥˡԭƭߵĶʮһٶʮҶõǮҲûǩ־ݱʾ׷֮ǰ顣

ЩԴؼաؿҶǰŵݻҶۼֿض˻־ݣʱѻȫ˻ȥ

ǰֽдԼҲκηΪҶ˵ֳŵû̫෨ЧӦԼҲеǰ취ӡؼܲôǶˡ

ĵŮ뿪̲֮סҶ㻹СһЩȽϺá

ҶЦЦллҴȥβԺ󲻻ˡ

ŮȻֲҪôǮ

Ǯ㹻ĸβͺĻѣȥ߳ӡԼҶڱʡһЩӰˣֻҪʡǾͱ޳ĪˡҪǿǵҶҲῪôݣֱӷʮ

ʵԭһҼᲢڱأǵԭ״ȫ߳дƴȥ֮ĸΪԭûдϼңϾʦȼõöࡣ

ɵǣԭļڸʡȻǿʡߵλãȴҲóԼҵΧҶԭĸǰʡʡᣬһһ߳УмҲҽԺ

еҽԺȻȲһ߳еҽԺ໨һǮҲҪβ£ǵñЩԭҪʵûǮҲｫ͡

ص֮ҶͿʼʰˣԼпռ䷨ֱӶȥԼѾáɢħ˵ȻԼʰǾ͵ػռ䣬ٻ˼ħͰæԼүƵɳֻ

ħħź˴ˣö˵һ֪ҪʲôˡֽʮзʱʰȫҶӻǻȥԼպöȥһҽԺ

ļƻǰԭĸͨöԷи׼

ȻһϼңﲻõĶʱǶκòǻؼӶӣʱٰЩᵽ¼ȥڳõΪҪȥʡᣬͽ˵ԼǰĹȥڿݵ㣬ʵһֱڿռָ

ȥŶҪ˶ã˵Լ⳵ȥһܸ㶨ԺĸװԺٴȥʡµҽԺ

һжƻˣԭĸҲͷĵȶӰźһСǰǶҶԺǵŬ׬Ǯ㻹λɵӸҽǵҽҩѡ

Ҷ뵽ԴǳɫûסЦ⣬æͷӦˡǮǲܻǮģͷҸ˵ԼƱ˴󽱣ѾǮ

ʵҪΪ˳ʿ֮죬ǿֱ˵ԼƱнġħϲʱһУǾôˣҲڵġ

ؼҵ·ϣҶȻһ⡣

ԭæΪƾԭûа취ϮҶĿǰЩԭģԭ̫Ȼܴ

ôΪʲôԭж޷ϮأΪɷǡڿԭˣȡ

ҶԭͰɽɳˣɵӰӦҲûôŶԡϾҶĿǰݴԭݣĬҶԭôҶȻᱻԭӰ졣

Ҳ˵ʱµ۶ӣԭϮ۶ӣܴԭ˵ʵ޷ġ

Ҷʱ¡ɲΪ˳Զӵôһ㶼ء

Լһ£׻ǲܷŹġҶص֮óһеȫգһ֮հħצĳ˵λá

ֻ崿һǰƬдһ˶ħ֡ήòݣ·ǿиĳˡϡ

ȿȣ˵ûȡǩֱϵĸӣ·ֻд˸ε֡һµʱȴкںɫâɵͼһţƬ϶ӦλƺȷʵۿɼرСһЩ

ͬʱԶеԴپ-һʹ˭˵һɫ˲ҰףץԱʦ֣졢ȥҽԺ

дֵҶضǸʣѼƬӽͰЩ˸㿪ֻڰٶżˤƬַȦпɼ

֪Դٻ᲻΢ţõĻⱲӶȦ˰ɡ

7	1.7	С

һʱ䵹Ǻ̫ƽûʲô۶ӡ

ԭԴǴȷͷȥҶ鷳ģϾôһȻͻĵ۴ļƻһֻҽԺԹƣûճȥˡ

ΪʲôͻȻɷ¶˶ͷԡҽԺǱߵ˵ײغ-𻵣ǸʱԴڳûκ˺

󣬼˽˼䣬ܾôƭ˸ⱨӦˡ

Ȼʱûճ֣СǼQġ¼ϿҶ޹أЩóľǨŭָжٵ¸С

ħˣС¡

ҶԶۣܺãĵ˹Ȼͷм˽ӡ

ԴѾˣûԶӣһﱾǸУҲ˺ӣԴٵĵλ᧿ΣҶʲôֻҪȼ˽Լ̽ԴپϢСʱǻԼȥµġ

ûʲô۵ħǶ˵СֶΣѵ߸ĳ˽ӡ

ԭУһԭУʰ˽ӵ֮ܵǨŭԭԭıֶԽҶһѣǻˡ

ЩͰԭȥˡ

ڶԷƵõûʲô̫գлڣҶÿ˳Էҵ㲹֮⣬ҲûʲôҪġβʱ䣬ʮУʱʱ߿Ǳߵֱ

˽ӰԤϴмϢзֵܵǿʼǾ˳ϲԼǵܵܶ֡ԼҾʱլǹ˾һ˺ƴսʱк͵ܵ˺ʱԷ˺ССС˺

ҲùҲԭ򣬵ܵΪ˵õ̳Ȩν伫ֱϵýعоһ£˻ԶӣϾṩӴ-лԹӤҲˣ˾ԺǱˡ

Զԭڹ˽Ӻӱɷ˵ֱҽԺͷһκԼøô

ȻǲЩϾǺϵ׽һЩ˽Ӹܱȡܲס°һļ̳ˣҲֵز

ҶǼٺڣĻᣬһջں޵ңһͷҸ㡣ǲ˽ӵ裬ô񶾵Сӣ˽ӣ»װ׺úӡ

û˼

ҶһΧۣ뿴¹ķӦԴֻܺ˰ͼˣҲ֪ô

Ȼܸˣ

ȲظзϢοԷʾԼЩижòСҶ˷ܲϸзϢӣ¶һʺ

ʲô

벻ףҶ˼һȡ˴Ӱϵɵۡɵۼ࣬һħ۽ޣ˵ܸһ

ƮƮӰһڣɵ۵ӰҶûˣ˻һĿͱôһ㡣ϧ˶మֱɽеĵƫ۾һÿ

£ɵ۵ȻؿڣƺŭӦûн֮ǰ°ϵͳߺ¡

ҶʧҲ˿飬װԼ֮ǰɶҲûɣɴذķӦǰ˵һ顣Ȼڴɵۣһ֪ʢСӣ޺ģŪɵ޲Ҳһ˿κݡ

һֻʱŻϵϹû취

˼Ƭ̣ǸֱУǾͶˡ

Ҷ򵥵㣬˵ķʽ򵥵㡣

ϲˣΪǮòͶԷίߡڶԷˣͲõԼʧԷĴ󵨵غͶԷӴȻˡɵĽ֮ͣǰìҪֿԼΪΪ

һֱУܲ˱ɶҲȥɶˡֻܷԼһͱиˡֻܰͼû˺֮ǣŶĺͶԷһױһֻҪ󶼺˵

Ҷһʱ֮侹Ȼ޷жĸһЩ

˺ҲͦõġҶɲԴٻʵʵͼⲻǻе˵̫ˡ

ԭԭз֣ԭбҶӦʲôڶôУҶòͬʹĻ̫ûϸˡ

ԣҶ˸дһСƬȥǸߵģֻ档ά¹Xг

ǲ֪ͷ-Ȥʱ򣬻ʲôھܾˡ

8	1.8	С

Ҷһֱȴ˰꣬ڵȵ˾Ѿõġ顱ʱԭĸѾɹڰ

ǱǷӿּɹǿһϷкͰ¹ϰ飬ʮ˼

һоҶԤϵĲ࣬ԴԭΪΪͻȻ£ȻԼԭһֱԲ̬ת䡣벻ίԼˣҲӦXĦҶĨǷСƬȻûǰѡڼ׼áϲ

Զ׼ϲ˾ţ֪ǲʱԴٵİ˳Ǹˣ̬ȲôţԴǲ̵ġɵҲʶͷβΪǮƭԼֱӺڻˡ

˵ʵھʱûбڻͦҶġΪʱϸİɣڹһҲûˡ

ͺܹѪˣԴٷǷ㡣ҪһֱԼԶ޷뿪ôֻ˹ڦİѱֱӵȥһˡ

Ŵֳţ޷Ϊ̳ˡԴֻܵһĸ竣˽ӵܵȨ

ƿأȥءλ¹ϰ˴ִŵػǮպû׷ߵĹûǮ׷룬ճأƽӲùȥˡ

ҶԭйǣġɡѾȫʰ˸ɾǲٹעǱߡԭĸ˲֮ͽߡ

ڹĳ·ʱͻȻ

Щ̫ѰĿֱƶҶһʱŤͷȥͼһ󿨳ݺݳķ̡˲ͻԭ򡪡Դٹ˿ײԭαɾƼ⡣

ʱˣԭȻڣΪԴٱʰ˾ͻɢͻԡ⡱ԭ˵޷ܿԾȣֻܵϵͳȡ

תôͷʵвһѡҶȻпЩеûģȻûɵ۴ʱķҲö࣬Զ࣬㣬Ҳǰ취ֹⳡ˾ʹ

ûôװģȻǰȥٶȷɿ죬·Σʱ̱Ǳһ㡣˾׷ȥȴϵķ̸תֻܼԭķײȥ

Ҷͣ½Ųͷȥͼ۵糸سбǰǳɵǣǸǺӰֱӵ˺

ȻҪװƼݣǾʵʵƼݡоƼ˾ײġҶܿʱ˵һȻ׹ӣɴ˾ȥϴˣҲڰͷײˡ

ǰ˲پƼװԼͿ˵˾ܲƽϰǾҶ޹ˡ뺦ˣ͵ñɵ׼

ҶлΧԼû˺͹ϲӹһٵ·ǣת˼ҡ߻߲鿴һ˭˾²ʻԴ٣֮ǰûǨŭҶһеܻ֡

²վǲ²⣬ǵ֤ʵһ±Ƚס޹ȺҲͰˣңɲ⡣

Ȼ߸ϳôģԴ١ҶˣͬʱǸҶ˽һ˼ƻֻʱûüֶѡ

ҶĥȻ˵㣬ﲻɣ˽ӲᣬЩ˴ڴ-ϸڣҲǻծˡ

ɲԴٶж氮ǲ˼ӲβظǮڲǳԵ𣿶һֱУôԴڻЩģʲôˣû壬Ҳһ

ħ˼ģظ̾һôѶɵ۷һ䡰ҽˡҫԼаʼ˺¡ȻٱԴ--ɱ-ͬʱҳ߽һƬдʲô

֮ǰŵֵģΪħƱȽϺʹЧȻҲԣķѵħʮӴ󣬻־ľ裬ħޡ

ûڼҵʣɴ˸ûùˢ棬Ƭӵλдһ֡衱Ӷڷ--ɱ-ˣúȥԺͬǽ飬Ҳˡ

д֣룬ֲһ£ܿġ衱ͱˡѡ

ֱӷͦģżҪһµġԼû취̳ˣʵʵھԺŰɣƻᱻо˶ţȥľԺ

дЩƬˢӵžͷִѶһ£Ӧɵ۸ظҶЩڴ֪ɵۻôһ

ɵۣס

Ҷ

9	2.1	Ǽ

Ҷɵ˵ֵֹģʶóֻһ£ȻŪ˶ԷǱ̨ʣʱˡħ˺òһغ£һȻ̫ˡ

Ȼν£ֻǴ˵ʱ˳ġԴûзǰ϶óȥܡⲻҪҪǰƲԴ٣ͼӾֵüν

ҶһѴѶٴǸƫĹɵۡϧѶûڹܣܰѶԷϢˡ

鲻õħҲĶѾˣʱԭŻ⡣ˣʱ򻻸档

ְԭӽӿռųԷתѡҶҲϻʱص˵һ֮󣬾Ͱѷ޸Ĺԭָ˻Ȼɴˡ

С仹ͣһ뱻ħǿдɺһͻȻ֪һѾʵ±˺һ֮󣬲¶ͳֻ鿴һʱ䡢ź--Ȼ󲻿ŵ۾

ԭΰı˰æ鷳

һ̣ǿǿĻֳ̿ɢлҶ˱ڣϵףԸĺһƽѰһĿħԻؿͻأԼڵһƽɫ֮һʱ侹ЩãȻ

ôˣΪħֻյṩĺɫŤôĹͷһءȻ棬ҶһԼǲߴ糡Ļ㱸СħЩ֪ˣǵıҲܾʰɣ

ɫ֮ҲͦóԵġ֮ŰɳСǶħһ߽һ뵽

е㱩ôõĶֱӳ˻˷ˡȻûа취ħղĹԸֻʳ

СʳҶҲ޵һĿꡣӰʱһƺâʧԭء

һεĿ꣬ĳǼ硣

ҶҵԷʱˮվԡԱߣƺҪɱҶĳһĵҲûֱӵ˷ˮԡУһƬˮ

ħüã׼ңҲ˷ˡ

Ǽ꣺

ȻѾˣҪ˵Ϊʲôɱ˷ˣ˵תͶ̥׼ɾͳûδˡ

ҶΪħ壬ϵе׼ֻϰѡԵϷ˶Էһ֮Թˡ

ħùƻ˵԰ֻҪ㸶ڵһõģߵǷڵһ˵ûκã;ⶡ

һ£Ǵ˵еĶħ

Ǽʱһ񻰼Ͼ񻰻С֪ĽͽѾûˣ󲿷ֶС˵˽⵽ġ

Ҳ⣬ô˵ţʵҶʲôȻ²⣬˿ʲô߿Ƽֶλң£ǿռԾĻ

ʲôϵأֻǸһ׵СѾ͸ˡ׸ĸķӣһУ˻ҲֻʣǱңԼʲôͼ

ȻǰͻȻֵˣȴ֮˵һĴЩսʿһ

ͻأسһ˿΢⣬ĿƵؿҶܰҽǹ㾡ȥ

ɵô꣬ûгֹһ˿һĶߣ˵ԼƿزˡȻҲûãΪ뻻ȡԼȥϣֱǰ׬

ţԷӰҲܴ󡣷Ļ˸ûҪϻֱӰץ߳ȡˣԷ˵˿԰ô˵ȡܼ֮αطôı

Ŀᶨ¾ͰԼĿǰĴ˵ˡ֪ԷǲǰԼҲֻԼϵ̬ȶѡ

Ҷȷʵʶʱ߶ԷԼҪһʱ֮󣬾Ͱ˴ӿռˡţߣʼ鿴ϸ

ε֮ǸϵСԭеȴΪһλԷ׳ˡȫ˺򣬻зĺڷĵƬʬпţŪҳš

޳ֻ׷ӣʱҲĹˡ˷ӻطס޷άƣǼʱ˲ȱסλòõķӸֵǮҲѸĸԼļ

ҶǰߣôǸġԷֵĻʱȻе㲻̫ԾϵôôŨһ׶ӣ

ϤĴħЩˬۣ˵˶ԷߡʵһֱЩƫļһǺԩɵۡ

10	2.2	Ǽ

Ϊħ֮ҶȻ̫ʵϣСʱʼͺܵù

ħλߵĴڣӮˣʵħ米һͻֲᷢûôϾħһäصĴڣҶŬһЩÿֲװ棬ȻЩֲձһЩֵֹĸá

ںͬһ쵮ɵ۾ͺˬˡɽۼɹ£ҲЩһͺĻеԵɵĲƸͺħۺˡοɵۻиߵĶܼ񱦱ʡ

һȣճƲħȾԴߵͱħʴÿӿݵҶٲȻһԵС˼ɵɢǿԾص飬˭սֻ˱֮Ψֲ

񲻵

ѶҶʮɻǹģƫƻɵԭӵеꡣɹˣĿǰɵ۵ƣֻɵ۵ùĽ׶Ρ

ϧɵ۵ŷǸǵģҶʱûʲôð취Ըֻ˶Σʰһµ׶ӡ磬λ

ΪһӵռħҶȫûԼд˽ıΪʲô⡣λװһҶҲİõسʰһ޹

ڹԭ֮֡

ֻ˼˼μֱվٰһȻƵ˵СһѣͶƱѹͬһðһȽԭСǣһˡ

ƫλŮǶŮ֮һΪ˸ԼŮһسӣԷͳֱԭһͨŮԷ˿ʾԭԼɧţվǿ֧ԮŮѡ˵ķ˿Ⱥ嶼Ӵ󣬸ԭԱȵģԭ˱˿׷ľء

˽̽ϵԭȦںѣõһǶǵĺϣˮͨ壬׻ԭδԭһܲȫȰֱҵԾͱˡ

Ҷͨ߿˲Ŀ£ֻϧ޷¼֤ɽƵ֤ˡⲻҪʰҲһҪЩ֡

ڶȤζħ˵ʵϲףȻȶԷԼԼȻȤһЩ

߶˻ȥɳ˼Ҫ¸ʲôס

ԭҵǼ򵥵úܣǺͱżֱˡ鷳˵㣬Ҫ㿪ʼԭǸűҲû˿ʵûϴصıҪ

ȵСŮѣԹȺȻ֪ԭ޹ˡϵĸɾɾʱһãҲ˼ǵ¡

ȻҪΪħϴ̫鷳ڡ

ֻҪЩ·ʯˣͲ˺ԭȥҶһ±ġѡǣ御ˡ

ƺλġλĳС˵ģΪÿζܻΪģN֪ĻԭӦǸġ

֮ӿɲöԸҲѹԭ޷֮ҪҶ͸׶ԣҲ׾࣬ϾħҲܱ֤ԼĲֲΪ˸ʧܡ

ϧ̫Ҷ̥ħɵ۶żӵ棬ֱѹҶֵʱûǹʧܵĿԡ

ûɹͰ־һٺˡħر𲻽룬־Ҫһùġ

ڰ꾯͵־

Ȼħ뷨ȴԼԸӦԷһЩͼ־ǳʵˣĴ˸ԼṩΣ뷨

׶ӱݻô꣬Ѿ̷ʱˣϸװ𣿿϶ܣͶൣɣ±ӵѡ㵱̣

ʱ֪Ѿ׵ˣ̵غݵֵС˳͡

ԭرѽСŮЩϲ°ؿŶˣһΪֻǺñȽأرϲֱ

΢΢һЦкõţŻǰأһΪҵС˿ء

ŮʱˣҡʵҲͦϲġ

˵ţĹԺȻһ¡࿴һĻǱע˸Ϣ

ĺֻ֪֮ܶ࣬һˡҶԷѾ׷ֺܾõģνأԲ̫ģҲͲŻظϢˡֻҪ˵һԼæǸŮ˾Ͳġ

ϨĻŮ顣û˵䣬ֽ˺ü£Ȼ㷢ġ

Щˣͨ򿴵˶ԷϢûʲô£ֻѰˡȻˣô׷ţҪ̻ظԽԽˡ

ʲôҪ𣿡ŮƽؿѯʣҪȻȻظϢɣҲˡ

˵ͰͷţţҲûʧȥѵֻ˿ֻظ

㣺װģûң

㣺ôػ

㣺ﲻҰ

㣺

ͷ۵ǣƽʱϰ߻һ䣺ôˣæأܹܲһ㣿

˭֪Է˲ըˣ࣬㵨˰ɣȻô͹˵

һͷˮʱˣʲô㲻һ𣿴Һ˴СѵǳԴҩˣ

æʵôˣǲǳʲôˣ

ȻһصϢʯ󺣣û˻ظʱ˵㲻ԤУֱʶ˸ôôյıȥֻõһϵͳʾԷѾ˺֤㻹ѡ

೹ըˣʲôôɾˣ

ͬʱĳƫԶϵͨԢҶ°Ȼر߳ʳ߿ֱ

ħûĹȻĳ˵ͨѶ̨Զ滻ŮԺѵıעһС滻ˡ橡ֹͣ˶ȴ˵һ

ȴûдЦһֻŲNˣʱ̫˼

ӣҶŻع񣬶Թ´ÿŮԺѷϢǵشǵȫ±ע

ħԲûܵĹʵִ

11	2.3	Ǽ

ಢɵӣܿ鲻ԡΪҪŮѣûȥΪʲôֻӦⳡԼᡣ

Ȱͻؼ֮Ż𼱻ǵش򿪹ԣͨѶŴ绰

֪ǲŮ绰Ȼͨˡ˿ֻʹСˣûҪϾԷӦûϵʽ

ιװģɤһɣԽ϶ԼĲ²⡣

㡣ٴը㣬ǲˣ

Ҫ֪Ů˵۹ܸߣѡĶǸСвŻŮˡŮ˲ҵмİ޷ܶԷ뿪Լʧ

һ죬ںŵΡֻҪܰ˺СպǧٱػϾǱȽϴͳŮԣͻᣬԷΪ졣

绰ͷŮҲȷʵһͣɻѣôͻȻҽһ춼ڼо㣬ûгŹ˭

Ϊи³İãϲ㡣ƽҲһԺ決඼Ѿϰˡ

Էô˵Խˣô᣿æ׷ʣίֿȻûΪʲôҪɾҵĺѣһΪ֮Ǩŭء

ԻˣΪ³춼ûϢĿǰûҶ˺ȺĻ룬˵ԼûɾѣǲСʲôť

ˣϾͼӻһ䣬ҶͨѶȻ㿪

һ룬޷Լ۾ֻϢбϵĺȻ෢һϢܿϴδȻ̫ˣҾ»ؿӾһԡ

Ϊس̶ȵŮ֮һȻ֪಻ֹһŮ˵ġӵк֪ܶȻֻȻ᷺ᡣ

ɣⲢԸ⿴İ˺ͱŮ˵飬˵Ļô¶߳ܵĻοԷˣѷһŮ˵Ϣ

ʱѾǲ˵Լɾ˶ԷѵĻˣûȥ˼è壬ֻһһۡԷΪŮˣʱ˿ȴҪˡ

඼÷ǳӲŮǰͱŮܽӴֹӵҲûС㻹ƭԼ۲Ϊڳ--ĵ飬޷ˣϾһʮֱشͳŮӡ

Ǳٳûнӵĵ绰ҲûпѼӻ֮ԷϢʱ˵㲻̫õԤС˵ȣûסָ㲦һͨ绰ȥȻһأûнͨ

㱾ؿڴͻȻ˼롣ȻعæҵͨҪһʱ˿˵ʲô

١ٵ飬Դ׵ʱٺϵɡ

˵绰ֱҪˣǲͻȻֱƢŻ绰ѵǶԷ鲻ã˵ͻȻ˸ĵڶ˸

пյЩ߰ĶȴûٴȥһΡɾһѾ˵ˣʱʵڲȡ裬ȷʵҪ侲һ¡

ûٹ㣬Ǵ׼ҸƢõСԼϾȻǸԼȨƵŮ˶಻ʤһ˦˶ԷһԼǸҲǸô

Ȼãһ㱻Ϣ

֮ǰɾһҪ˼ɰΪʲôͻȻһҪӦ»ķ֮¸ɴ˸šͰ׹رˡôʱӦûʲô󰭣û뵽ʱôŮҪ˵

಻֪ʲôܹÿ˵һԣġĺɵüɿ㿪һ͡С硱ĶԻ뿴ôˡ

һϢȴԼ˺ŷһ䣺С磬˵尢⼸Σĺ㡣

˶Ҫˣ

СǸʮ׺ߵŮӣάǣСֽ׶أûȥԷ޵ĳ̶ȡ˵ʲôڼȥҰɡֲֻСҪ˵ǰɫ˰ɡ

˭ڽ˺ҷϢ˭Ҫ

ȻµĻСʮظһĹ֮⣬ʣĲǹʺţ۵ģȴһ䣺ɵ࣬ĹۿﲻС磬ԯߣ

ࣺ

ԯǰʶŮоҲǾУѧԺдӾĴ㡣Ǽʱǳ󲿷ֶŬʺ;չԯ츳ǿбԺǰ;

ؼǣԯĿǰеøеİ״̬󶼲ǡһ-ʾʮϢȥ㹻ԯ߶һˡ

֪ԯ߳ûϷˡµǣ˺Ų֪ٺ֪ƵĻÿһתڡ

ɫҰرȴŰһؼһԻϢʮ֮󣬲֪ǲĸˣǾûзıҪˣʼϢб»һһϸһжƵĶԻ

ӺˡȷǷ׼ȷӦò࣬ҿԿ϶бŮԺǺϡǣЩŮԺѲĺ֪дѧáŮ˿Ǹֻм֮ԵͨŮˣһֱš

ֵ㿪һѧõĶԻεûк֣ܺڿ͸ĺѷ趨˲ͬĻǣĻûѺõȥܹ-ɧ-ˣֱѧö𲢾رʾҪ

ˣ

ԹϿϷҶ˼ı飬ص˵ͷǺܾȣħԶ͵ϢȻô-

ֻùԷһڡСȥԼᡱǽҪʲô֮ĻԼҹɱ̫ǿ󣬲֪ǲϸȾʲô

ȻҲû̫⣬ҶЩšҪҪɱɱǹԱһħɱʹ

12	2.4	Ǽ

ȷ˺Ѿٹ֮Ҷ͸߸˵طߣΧۡ

Ů֮ľ޷ǾǼʽûʲôÿģýָͷܲµᷢʲô˻ʱ򣬿ЩŮҲͱһ飬û˼

Ҷ룬ûлϽħշе

Ȼȷʵͦ뿴бͱģЩŮϾֻͨɫϵĻԿֻԼʱûͱɣԼŪȥˣǱ˹ˡ

Ը໹ǵԼָ֣ˡ

żǱ߻еء඼ҪæںŮˣѹûȥģҶǿԽ˻ú档

ôţҶʹ򿪹һʱĳ鿨Ϸ

֪ǲԽǵԽаôϷҶͷһѡȻ֪Լʮ鶼ܿbug鲻سSRˣȴǿزϷ䡣

˵ͻȻأ

ֲʵʵĻ룬Ҷַ㣬ѵõ϶ͷɵһһذ˳鿨ť

Ӻʮ¡R/R/R/SR/R/R/R/R/SR/R

Ҷ

ѣճɽǺӵ࣡

ħ֮ȻʮSR

ҶһСĹرϷл㱵ʱعæ´APPذԼõĿ˺üأȷԼû̻

ѽģˣ

ʱ˿̣ħڶħֻͳϵħλúúͶԷ߶һĵļȻСȥ߶ŶԷƺ̫ãһôħթʬô죿ʱͲħһˡ

ȨףҶջѡ˰ͷļȻϵررãѾܹɿĺӲԸٱţø״˼ڳص׳ߺˡ

էȻѷǵĺħһû˯ţ賿ʱ̲סӴٶȴϷ

һεĳ鿨֤ʲôõӦÿԵõһѳ鿨ˣԡξûʮˣֻܳΡ

ΪųصĸţҶûپַ㣬Ҳû϶ͷصťһѧҲûʹá

һεĽϣRҶû١˵ڶΣһأSR

Ҷszd

أྡ

ûܿԼʲôħһаǰʮĳ鿨ϷȻһŶӴӦ˵ŷ

ֻһSRڷǵҶ˵ֻҪԺõRˡSR붼룬SSR

ŷ˵

һϷͻȻŷʮĸSRҶһλõ뵽ˬѽ֪SSRǸʲô顣

ԣ

ҶͻȻѹԼô꣬ôͻȻתˣһè壡

ǲʮϷ˱ʣͷвϷǳķۼأ챻ʵ͡ӦòǳϷ棬档

ҪôԼΪ֪ԭתˡҪôڸСǵԷԶ͵Ϣô-ҶùĿԺܴ

ҲǶԼ̫ûˣҶʶų˵һԡŹ˺üСʱɱ飬ͼҳһ㲻ԾȻֱûó緹ˣҲûаջ

ҶĲɵغһζӪ²һ仹ûкϳϺúȣֶŹĥѵĲǹԵ⣿

һĵطȥԲ鿴Ǿ˷ʱ䣬ȴϣ漣֡

˰Сʱ֮ҶĬĬȡһССƬ

һֻӵмⴥ߸ĵɽڳġԼֵܼ⹦¡ҵϵȵ翡Ծ󻯵Ķ

Ҷһ󣬽ʳָƬ·һλáָʶһ㣬Ƭɿ˸˲ͬĹ⻬֡

֪˶ãһг䶨ֲٱãâҲ׷ƬϷλ˼ֱ֣ǣ

ˣ21/100

+()1()

¡

Ǻɫͺɫһ˵ڰ޷ͳƣֻϸС仯һβԵʱûкɫ֮⣬ɫȫһġ

ˣȻ21ˣ

Ҫ֪ôⶼֻпͰ͵6˵ֱ岻ܲסֻǸλѽֵһ٣ֻиֱҵ㡣

ʵϣҶճʱû6ءһβǻһ2Ǻŷɵ۴ˣز䵽һŷǧڹһִ6ûҶ

ΣҲûʲôôͻȻ15ˣҶһãȻԿ϶Լǧ֮ǰǸ

ΪԵɣڼʵڴ̫ˡĵѲϷ˸飬û˴ʱڳǰողƴϷҲٴαԼֺڴˡ

ôˣǧʲôԼŷǣ

13	2.5	Ǽ

ҪҳԭʵҲѣһ¾֪ˡҶڽǧ֮ɵ鲻٣Сǰûģϸֻм

ͷͰ˻ùͳɹ֮ӳԸ۵ġΪʳأΪҶǰҲżŪһ㣬ʱ˲ûκЧ

Ҷĥһû֮ӿԸ֮Уֱ֮Ӻ˹ҹġ

򵥵˵пǿŴѹӶϵˡΪеڲٴС˵дġλΪϷ롣

ô֤²⣬Ҳǳ򵥣Ǽ¡һһ߹۲ֵı仯ܿŪеĹɡ

˵ɾ͸ɡ

ҶùԺڽĹȻĴеֱʲôŮǽԭµʱ򣬿ֱȫΧǷϵ˽εУܴأ

ѾˣҵҲ·簡һ˾Ҫ롣

Դ챻˺֮ϵ˼ڿͣԼĹԽмӹ̡ǽܿգô򻹺ͺڿһλŮ˹ϵ

ΪѾˣ俪š֪NŮˣԴ˽ãȫںʲôһһһ˫ˣúܣһ֤챼гļơ

Ҳ˵ε޸ǳصǣԼĹԼ˲ٷǽ塣ûκôħȻֳ֮ɹˡ

⵱ȻΪҶħʲô߳ĵϢʵħɶҲᣬҶҲֻǸӢĵʶͷ۵äħ֣ôǽΪֱħӷ˳ȥ͡

Ҫ֪ﶼɷģȫϢΣôһָħҪĹԣֻҵӦԵһ֧Ȼ޸ķͿˡ

ıӵòԩϷҲùˡҶȻȥô˷һǮڣúȤ

ʱ˿̣ںһŮѽ͡ѡ˸ߵĽ£ô˵顣

̽͵Ůѣ϶ԼŲʾԼǱ˺˹ԣʮֻǶԼҵֱʡŮȷʵ̲̫ã˺壬Ҳˡ

Ϊ˶˿ģ൱һöָ֮ǰ׼õŮ͵ġ񲻵òǰóȻͷյʱҪ취µ鷳һ뵽ŶӵȴȥŮǣֻͷƤ顣

κڷ˼⣬Ϊ˱ⱻŮڹ׽סţ±¶ĺ֪Ҳȥ̳ϵ̳µֻǶ̳Ļֵ򵽵ĶŮ޷˺Ҳû취׼ʱ˼ƻպҪ͵ġ

úֻܿҪܰεķ粨ƽȹѵ˼Ҳ޷ҳǸСˣǼһ︶ٱҲˡ

ಢֱ֪ѾˣŮѻ濪ʼֱӿĹڡ

ǼʱֱȻҲרҵֱ豸ôƽϻȡ㿪ȫϢģģʽĻֻԵȫϢͷҲܹʤεġֱù侳ء֡ߣֻʻܶ࣬Ҳû취Ӿҵĸָй١

Ҳ㹻ˡ

һʼǻڲôͻȻʼֱ⾰ˣĴŮֺ֮Է˭ȵ˼¹ϵʱΪҪˣһʱ䵯Ļҳһţֺ֧Ͳֵ֧˲ˢĻ

ȻǵûȫϢ۾Ҳûд򿪹ԣȻЩΪ˷ֹǰ֣ҶϢ֪ͨþܽκϢ

кϵõĥŵԼ͸绰ǵȵʹŮȴֵ绰ͨʱǺ֪ʶ鲻̫ԾεֱҲúܹ죬ֱ֪俪ˡ

ǵתÿ죬֪ȵ飬ʱ亹ˡ˲ֱͼæץĳԿ׳ţϽҵ˵

ϧ̫ԶˣûܳɹڶλǰµˡֱֻݵڶεġƱ硢ԭ¡Ϸ롣

ɵҲԾˡȲԱȻҷϢ£Ŀǰʯ˰ɣȻԼڿָ췢ԼûбŮѣ⡭

ǣڶԱȵһƭˡѹʲôڿ͵˵ӲҪ鿴Ĺԣ󷽷ظˡúڿŮѰԼһСڸ˲гĶֻöԷԼչʾġ

Ȼ˹ﻹǲţҪһŮ绰֤Ҫû취ˣֻ˵ԷҲյ˺ڿͷϢԼˣϵϡ

ֹƭָ̬Ⱥϵ©ûа취ֻܳԼһһСǻûܷչָ췢ԺҲִ᷸

ŮձΪֻһС֪ʵһѡΪԼ粵ϴףʵڲоʹ²ŵʹǰǡ

ȻƭŮѣƭֱǡ

ǵڼˣ

Ů1š1¼ᵽ֤Ů2š2¼ᵽĿǰһ

Ҳ̫̼˰ɣͻķ

ĽĴŮŮһˣȻôࡹ

1ɵģ2ǻŮ֪ʲô͵ģе桹

ȥҵŮˣҶһ¸ŮǱɽϵġ

ޣУ

ҶҲֱΧۣ˼ҪҪŮǰʵģ죨飩¼poȥε¼һѻʱǿ˹ԡ

ҶĸûκϢҲûɣرŮڿĳ򣬴ʱгֵʵģٶԻϢѾ֮ǰԼص㡣

ȻŮѻԸ͵ģԸĻᡣǲǵþصˣһԻϸ鿴ˣΪ˱¼Ůǵϲãٿһ飬Ū

ϾŮô࣬ȫиʱȻΪȴǿ¼ĲͬŮϲܽᣬһɨȥʮͬŮͼ͹ඨˡ

ҶһĻͣ֡Լͷɹֲ˰ɣ

ħ̵ذָСƬϣڴһβԼֵ

14	2.6	Ǽ

ΪǰòŲԹνúܿ졣Զûʲô仯Ψֵͬˡ

ֵ24/100

㣡㲻࣬ǿҶ֮ǰǧܵһأ

СҲ⣬Ҷһ㶼һ㣬Ҫ˶ֵˡȻֻǰΡ

ֵǷԼˣԼΪϵ˱ֱˣʣĲࡣ׼ȷ˵Ӧǣÿ˵˶иֵֵ֮˲ܹߵġ

ֻܱ࣬һͨˣΪݣΪλ֮ӡ־ܶԭˣҶߵľһ֡

˵ЩҲ־֪ĶŪģ־ԼѾˣ֮ħȻҲѡسȥ

ͷѽҷĻֻɱˣϾһʵϣȭͷ

Ҷ൱İãƾŪˣҲỹȥģߡ

ţƬϵֻһ£25/100˵ڳͬʱҲ֤ȷʵ챻޶ͺˡ

Ϊǣλ󲿷ֿĻŮǵİæԼĲŻֻռСһ֡ԱҶֻǷϢʵɵЧǻԵġ

֪жǱŮѺŮѱͻˣⲿִ༸ûܺʣµģȻԸͣܲƭȥδ֪Ҷһزֱõʮֵ˲״̬

͵ֱֵôѾˣȴֻҶŪ˼ֵӱӦǵڶεĳɵЧ䶯Ȼֵ¶һУЩ˵ѹʲôŮǲص㡣

λܸ㵽ֵһ־ٶȱԻĹǿԶСҪ˼죬߿¾ֻʣȼںȵɵŮˡ

ҶȻǲѾȥЩŮҲŪߵģ˼ҷҪshiαء

Ŀǰ౾ֵͲͣû˶ֵ֮ȻܹŮˡҶҲںѾû취ܳƭ˼ҹˡ

ҲΪԭ˳ÿԾʹ֡Ȼص㻹ûüֵĻӦö׼һݺԭĵˡĺ֪֮һվĳŮ

ŮûʲôˣҲ㲻ŮģҪŮ䡣Ľɫʳ̶ޣ˵öԸһЩΪӵ̫ıҲֻеƫϡ

Ҷ߲鿴˺˼ĺ֪ô覣ǳζͶʲôˡ

ε֮һԾΪܺߡΪ֮ǰҶĬŮѣͻȻŲNƫƫֱʱûдڷ粨֮⣬ȴǸеܺߡ

˵кڷ۽㲻Ůѣ˼ûϹ˵׼Ǹ֪СΪû֤ݣ˵û̫ˡ

ȻĲ֪ķ֪ġ

йͬŮԼ̸ΪȻüŮѳԴˡ˵ֻԼϵѣŮˣΪ˲ĻŮΪ빴ࡣŮǷ׷׳֣Զࡣ

̸еú˳˵ǹ˾೴ŵģǧӦ˹ȥˣŮǵĺôһ߳ŵԼԶ࣬һߴӦŮĽӽʵԼ˽º಻岻

ңΪ෭֮ԼٰȥҲ䲻̫ô͹ȵ飬ûиЩŮѡ

ֶο˵ǺܲˣҲѹܻ쵽ֱһĵλʵֱݲôǿͷԼֵڣƭȡ͡

ҶĥţҪôʰء

֮ǰڿӵȥģûȥŪǰɻµ֤ݡûֲ֣Ƥһ£û뵽ôֱܴӷˡȻ껹ܿݵŮػ۷壬ǶԺˡ

ζԸŮһҪССġΪͻȻĵƤֱû˼

ֻʰкܶ෽֡״Ļʹĺ֣û취ֱֻѵʹںҵܼα˴ѹĸо

òˬиǳķǴǮ֡Ůô࣬޷ΪͽǮܵԣںȻǮ

ҶȻܺĹԣȻҲܺڽġֻҪ˻һɸĵԶÿֻ¹άֻķãǮȫƻ

Ȼ˫£һá

ҶҲûԥֱӾͶˡþ򣬶ľ裬ʾ֣࿪ļ죬ô緢֡Ů˴Сûʲô£²л׬ǮֶҲ̫

ţҶעһֱ˺ţǩԼ֡Ҫ˺ţѹŮ

֮ǰûü֣ǾŮֺˡ˺׳ȥ㣬Ůֶ͡ԸˣǾ·

ֱʲôݡܼ򵥣ŮֱʲôʲôͷҶֱʲôͷ֣ݣп˵

ɵǣŮѾųԤ棬˵Ҫֱȥܻĳֹ֮شһǰԣֻڸҸôֲĹ棬һ⻻¶ǵ·ñƭѿĵķ

û뵽ǼҲֹĵطҶΪǼ˶Źءһ£⿴Ƭ;ɭɭģйһħֵ¶ǳι״ȹµĴڣ϶ġ

;ˣȥլ

15	2.7	Ǽ

Ϊ˽ĿĲЧȻѡšŮҪ׬ͷЩϸڷ濼ǵúȫ棬Ԥ˵Լߵ㿪ʼ

һǳ΢ʱΣļߵʱտʼڡҲ˵ʱΧĹ߻ڰСʱѸٴרΪڰĹȻҲܸεðմǳպС

ȻŮʵϲȥѡĵطֱġǻĻãڹݣôʱûκ塣

ҶȻ׼ȥʵֹһġ

Ψһģǵط׶ǣԭڵƫԶʮңԶɴȥҲúü졣Ѳħˣħʹ˲Сķ٣ַӾ͵ִĿĵء

Ҷֻڸֱ˺Ŵ̼Ůû㳤þӪҲ׼ԭεʱֻһף˷ԭκϵøԷ鷳

ۿŮµʱ쵽ˣҶֱӴֱ䣬ҰŮֱŸһֱͨСŮҹֹ̽ׯ԰Ҷ͸ĽСһʮħҹֹ̽ׯ԰

Ϊ˵һϲƽ̨һСԶ񵥣Ҷʮڡ

·ĺڣһʮʲô

ҶûȥȺڵĻ²ۣΪ֪ܿͻ˰ˡȻʮӺ߹һŮ·˷һЦ˿

ƽ̨Ĺв֪λŮģ󲿷ּǲǳƣҲעֱʲô˵ͷŮû˻˵ԼûȻ֪ͷŮ˵ˣȻҲͲҪĽǰ

·˷ֻԼطĻͷŮ˵ԼҪֱ̽ׯ԰ֱֺһģһ

붮ǹȻͷŮаˣԿԣС˺͵ʶ

ҶȫϢֱģʽԹڿԿΧȫԭ˻ǲͷŮģǰׯ԰Ĵţʱˡ

ܶԷǷ˼ʵʵׯ԰ˡĳŮһҷһ¿ĹݣǼҹҲСׯ԰һ֪Ƿׯ԰ҵݵ̡

ӻĹʶͷŮǽҵĹɣԲֱҲǳζͶˣһͷΪԼһȶ׬Ǯ

κׯ԰һѾˣǰׯ԰ٵüܿΪشƫԶûգԭ˵ݶҪĵطＸ֮أȻҲû˹Ҵͽׯ԰ͷ׬Ǯ㲻Ȩˡ

ŮļƻȻдɣϾҲˡׯ԰Ǽٵׯ԰ҲǷׯ԰İǰͷ϶ȸ߶ˡҪ֪Ǵ󷽷ͷģֱݺͱܺ޹

Ȼˣڵ̶ȿ϶߲١ٿĵķϣ˳ֱܹСֵ

ڣƻϲϱ仯ҶǱߵĹںܿͰС˺ͷŮķõǣѸٴһֵĹڡһЩԭֱݲȤ̨ǡ

Ůʶ鲻ԾʱҶǱߵĹѾﵽʮ֮һˡֻʮ֮һŮڶ໹з˿֧֣ҶֻǸˣʮ֮һѾ൱ˡ¼ͣиĹӿ룬ԼŮȶȲϽ͡

˳Ҷ׷Ůֻʱѡ

ôεҶʲôأׯ԰й䡣

Ҷһʼּһ۴ڽվ̨ԼȻǰУøע⵽Ҫ֣⿿ѵԷжֱӴĿꡣ

һĹϵϾ¼ȶȻܸߣŮǵ֮һξҶֵˣҲкĿԡ

Щص㣬ҶרעԼֱǸûֱϹŶⲢֱˡҪǹ⿿̨ҲôλʵϻҪеġ

磬cosˮʿ

Ҷฺصĵطߣ·ԵùŤû˳ŵ̺õ·һߣһΪǽ⣬ĪɭλŨﲢûзˮѧϵ۴ڡ֪صĵط࣬ȻߵۼȻγɵģǾֻһֿܡ

ëȻкܶ𣿣

Ҷ̧ɨܣҡͷҵûֻϲۼʱ㲢

ڣ˵ǲǷħʱ̣Ҫѡʱ򴴹լ̫ðɣҪСİ

ħʱҲ̫Ҷǻϵħ壬ħʱǵ˵ûϵħҲô͹򽻵йȥҶûֻ

Էħʱ̲ȤҲһƽʱΣաҪ˵ĻҹʱΣյʱ򣬱Ͼǻǹ

ţֱȻˢҶź۵ġ͡Ļ塱֪ʲôŬһڿ˼еһ䣺С󣡣

ҶҲоں󷽾£ոչûעܣԲûܵһʱ䷢֡৵ػͷһѪģĴռߡ

Ҷ

HUƟʲô

Ҷŵһ£ǹ˱ִҶϡҶֱ֮ץסĹצһˤȻһʰˡ

ôһŹڸǰӾǳ󣬼Ǽʶ㵨ħˣһʱҲû취Աֳģͷ·𱻹Ųһ㣬ײУŵϵĹʮ£ֱӰѹͲȳһʵĻҺɫ

ѣ

һʱ֪ǸЦǸú£ʲôƷֵħֲøֱдħǣ

ŵҶҲڻָǡµסԼĿڣŬԼ𣺡ͻȻ֣ôһˡ

ǣаɣװ˵ӡ

ıʣҶʱˡ֪ôźĶͲֱˡ˿ֱݣѾϳŮɣû˼ټֱɴ˸ڹرֱ䣬˵Ťͷ뿪Ƿ֮ء

ڵźħֻʾԼݴȣСһƽϡҲûٹܣˡ

16	2.8	Ǽ

ֱĴҴҽȫûӰҶֱȶȣΪֱĳֹˡǼʱҲûôһʱ֮ǳȤ

ûãصһð˳Ϊ˷ֹгΣҶֻܰôۡڵ¼ƵƵÿηᱻԶɾûа취ֻ˽´ġ

ϧЩԽɾԽ뿴ģϣᱻһȺгÿƼֶ٣ȫϢͶӰȡƵòʶ¿ģҪȻôҸǿأ

ôһѵ۶ҡˣֻСֻڼƵ١ԽԽصҲΣҶֱĪһ˵ֱ䡱ţһѡ

ϧҶѾҲȥֹĵطսˣ۾

ʵֱ豸ûа취¼Ƶģûп۵ҲǡκҶԼħԽֱ൱ʹ÷ùΣԲ

һʼҶҲûѹ¼ƽȥֻǵŲ̊ѡֹ걻ˣź֪ʶ£Ȼ󡪡װһ·

ϾǸƼλ棬¼ʯᵼλʷ仯һϵ鷳ҶʵǸ־ͱ˸¨ӣκ̨Ӳʵǿ־ҺƽϣֻԼȥˡ

ħ˾Ͻ飬Ȼȥ磬һװ׺ħ

ԭҶӿ˶кŲ֮̊⣬ѡŮڵͷֱŨصĻ-ҩζԺܿȦסһƱŮĺڷۣټҶ˵ʵֱݽڽ

̶һܣֱѾѹŮһͷ˼ƻʱҶ˺ȻǸûǩԼҾܾ֦

ǺʱҲعζʶҶǸǮĴүͷŮгҪԷƫƫΪʱڣŮķ˿ϼ١

Ȼÿο֮ȶƺûм̫࣬˶֪ΪҶںŲ̊Ϊ˿ߵֱݶԱȣԲżŮֱ䣬ϲֱ۵ָǣֱĴԽԽ٣Щ˲׿ǮϲĻ²۴ǳŭ

ڰ죬ŮҲ취ѡá

ǰԹƽ̨ĹæҶֱ֮Ĳʧܸա֪ҶħΪͨϢȫ޷Ӱ졣ָıԣˮԸҶȻҶ֣ЩԹѾͰ˭ʰˡ

ѣͷŮ˿ճȶȣһֱݣǹͷ⡣ȻѾˡ

Ҽע뿴ֱĶԱȡݶһΪʲôҪֱ䣿ǱȤħŮǿöˣͷŮҲûɫ㵽ǸزǻͷŮҲ¡

׻˵ƯƤǧƪһɣȤһŮòҶĲŻȣȻֻȡ裬οҶҲǼʱ˫ģÿСܹͬѵϲ

ۿԼֱȶһкǧŮ̬ڱˡҶڷټͷ֮ҲŤͷıֱݣ˼ԼȤĶ

ֵһǣֱôһЩϲķ˿ʱʱֱ̲̿Ȼ˼װûпϲ⡣

ʮֱصҶŮѾûпֱ䣬ƲѡһֱڵȶԷֶΥҼ͵飬Ȼ˳°ӽⶼȥˣһôûء

Ҷ룬˶Էߣϸ˳û뵽ֻһޱ߷Ůˡ

ףǴ̫Ա

ʱص²ʼͼŮܴعرֱ֮󣬾ͱڼһҧгݵذҶƬ˺ƬڼǷһ졣

ʷڵڶ죬һƯͻȻҶе죬һʱûԷ˭ŮҲû˺һֱԷѣǰŮ֮һŻȻ

ҶҲˣŮͼ֪棬˼ҵǮ֤ԶࡣڿǶ·Υˡ

ʵҲȷʵˣЩ˵ŮǲÿһѡϢ˵ġеü˴еԳʰԷеҲ¶ģȥ֮ǰϣõŮ˵Ϣ

ŮˣŵĹ׾ٵز鵽ŮһУüǰŮѣﶼƭһЩô

Ůŵɫɷףû뵽඼ˣԼȻᱻǣȴŮ赭дһ˵ҺͱƭǮļϵˣǾöģ㣬ίҴһˡ

ȻԷǹԴġ

˼ôС㣬ƭҲͰˣһûбСȻҲôƭֱǰӷڵϲȡοԷӰȴڻŮֱӸ࣬Ҳڱеôá

Ҫ֪Ů̸ʱ໹ֻеĹϵױû¡ʱ࣬ͲᱻƫԼˡ˵ŮûЩҪǨŭʱ

Ļ棬ͺܲˡ

СһЩƺרѧҽ֪ôŮԻöԷʹࡣŮǺݺʰһ٣ӱ˵ƭߵǮͿĴ

ܴŮѡþƾϵʹҲ˳ԾڼƣûֱпգҲûǸ˼

ҶЩ޲֪Ůˡ

ǸСǰ֪˭˵绰˵ŮԼöԷŰ졣ϵֱƽ̨ĸ߲㣬Ҫ˶ŮͻᱻȽԼ޷ֱҺпƽ̨ٽҵǳˡ

ûõԼ֣ͽˣҶʱһԼ˵ĸо֪Щ֪ôʲôڼﶷ˷ʮʱֱǵһˡ

ԽԽԼԿˣҶƲֵذԭ˳תѵȻҶ̫ı飬ȫ֪ʲô

ҶҲýͣһ䡰鶼ˣԼ鿴˵Ϣɡ뿪λ档ԺҪı¼ǰԤϵ᲻˺İæˣҲʡ

17	3.1	¹Ĺ

Ҷµλ档

һûټʹѰһѰ֮ӡΪѷŷħ˾ЩǸˡ

Ϊˣһħڼķ˹ȫ͵͵ûκ˷ñõϢɽ˶ɻûǣԼ֮ǰɵ۵ĹŤͷɵˡ

Ѿع˵ĳ̶ȣûٵùˮȫ޾գʮ˳ûκ˵ע⡣

Ҷ⵽ǧɰǧ֮ӡţٴÿ˵ҵֵȻѡֵΪĿꡣ

νҵϣƣ빦»⡣ҵֵߵˣ˵ˣϧ

ǧϹ־ʵ࣬ԷҪѡҲûôࡣˣҶѡķΧʵСЩӦ㹻ֵˢˡ

ҶĵһͰֵˢ˶ʮ࣬ʵԽֵԽǣ˵ģмȻġ˼Ҽ㣬ܵõһ֡ȻܼޣҪͼ֮

һأҶѡеļһǸù

Ҫֵİ취ͬϸλֱִѹԷǾ綼ݹϸҶûǽ߱ȽϷ㡣

ѡ˱ĶǾ͸ˡʦԸֱ׳Ͼԭ֮гѽ˽˶Թ־Ҳܲš

ⷽ濼ǣҶ֮᳹ǰж롣ѡ֮ٴʹǵĳѰĿꡣûЯĵùץѡһ˶죬Ҳ¡

ͻȻҶڳҵһ֮ʱһϲ˲ڶԷǰȻ󡭡

Ҷǰɢİ͸꣬˳˼

ε֮ôôңȻѾˣһͶ̥Ļᡣ

Ҫ֪֮ȻҲĥǰôܹ˳˳Ͷֻ̥ؼÿһ˳ԹʴնԼ֮İ󶨹ϵʱٴֻؾܹ˵ٵıۣҲԶȥѰµ

Ȼһص֮֮˵Ͷ̥ˣϢûһֱӱ˾üΪ̵İ취ӵмеƻ֮࣬ҹԹʴ֮ʹ

ҶҵʱѾ˫Ŀ죬Ҫħˡԭľ켣Ϊһ侲Ĺӣ񾭲裬Լǰĳչұǳɵǣĳ֮һ

ǰǷСΪԼϵãȴ֪ΪԼ̫㣬Сĸġ˼ҵĺӡƶʣ˼Ǻ޹ټİ¹ⰵ³ɺ޽ӣӵɴཫƭȥ˻ĽҰ⣬һˡ

ˣǸаʿϲаˣΪáֹ֮󣬾һ󵨵뷨ƳϧʵԼԦԱɱˡ

ʱ˿̣ǹ޿̣ƴ˶عɣһݣɴҲаһŪʱɱ˻ֽԷĻǳݺĥһֱɢա

һУԹ죬ңңµǵķĳˣҲʣһˡ

ҶͻȻֲûע⣬Ȼʱ˿ֻһˡֻҪûùܡҶ˵İæҲʮֲΪ⡣

Щ֮ҶİæΪԼû취ɲһھϷҲĬĬŵڻңǷɴbossȻǴbossҲܳɹƵҪꪳɳġ

ҶúأѾֻ͡ǸɸɲġƶԷҲšǳɴرʾҪʰ³֮Ǽһﶪ㴦ãڴ֮ǰʵʵһߴŲҪ¡

Ȼιʮ˽ӿռ

ֻҪû˻壬ʰǷַӵ顣ҶԼŵķֹǳߣȻѹû⻷Ƕڣ©ֱ

ڹֲ⣬P¡

һħҡһ䣬˹ģֻ岻͸Ҳû߰ĺơ֪˿ֻᵱǸе꣬Ϊɫ԰ûʲôѪɫ

ҶȻûԼŪɹ壬ΪǿԹķɱġҶݴ˹ݣҲֻһͷɵôԵ㡣ħײСǻ粻ܡ

ڣεĹһСǡ

ϸλȻŵˣ̫ħӢˡҶԶ˵ϰˡ

ңοǹй¹ģŹͷΣ϶ٱŵˣߺߡ

18	3.2	¹Ĺ

Ը¶żҶͷһСܵݣȼСǡµӷͣСҲһڲΪˡ

Ҷ֪ôټСǹϵģôҲܴܿջڱǿܵ£ȻҶֻҪþͺˡ

ѡһƷѨΧڸȻƿһӡŨʱɢȥԴԴϵǰ

ûãѨͼؾۼϰֻɷҲСӵλ꣬ʧȥ־Ĳǡħѹ£һԵúһ㣬Ρ

ҶɨһͷЩι״Ĺ꣬о۾ˡ

ǵõģ˵ģʾˣά棬ʱŻչ¶ĿǴ಻Σǲ֫ϱۣеһԴЩˡλȴǳǧٹ֣άʱĲ״ʮŤ

Ҷס۾ϽλͲǽظ֮Ȼ˿ʣ¶һ΢Цԭص˸£ܾҪʲôõ鷢ˡ

󣬱һٵǹɵųţҶѵصһ㡣мµģΪϴ˲赹ˮȰĦڵòС

Ҷ˺аķӣֽ˶ԷĴзǮСܣӹʮ̹ʵǿѾʱԼĹʵαװ˰ûˣҶͰѲȵ񽻸ǣֱֿ⴮ɡ

ʲôҪӣԼٳ֡

Ҷֱ׳ţָСȥըź̲衣

ô˰£Ҷֵ˼ʼˡΪͻȻ֣ʱ伴ߵһڵ㣬ǳֵҵĺʱ

»Ҫͷ˵

˵Ϊʹƺ˹ѹ˺ˣװ֪˵ݣʵϣЩаֶεġ

ӵۣһֱܹԶѧ粢һ֪ѧ˴ߣ˽⵽˲Ȧ¡֮෽ϵ˺ˣɹԼķСˡ

ǣѧֶΣһֱûơ񣬹״̬ʧ٣޷ȷǻ˹һֱŬѰټϷ

ȻǷ࣬ᷳǵĹִɴһݣаֺ˹ˡֻһ࣬ôʧ١ˡаѡʹúֶΣԭȫ

鵽黹ûչΪŮδ

ԼһоǰµѧУǸУ԰һλŮŮʮͶԵһʼʱżһʣΪ֪ѡ

أԼŮ˺øУ׷ԷԷ˼ûǷ뷨ΪˢøУһʮЧҡ

Ů˵һϧʻǵĶΪŮԱȽϸԣһЩĸ黳

ҵķʽǿķСһұ£ŬԼͷС񣬶ԷʧʹļסȻûһغѣûչ˺üˣǳټѡ

ŮǳĹԸҪһҺѡ

ŵδЧͳµıʣŮԭǻˡʵһ˵Ĺ꣬Ҳûиɹ¡

ǿдһֵĹѪϷ־ʹࡢַֺϺϡ˰趨Ů鿲֮⣬Ƿ㰲ŴbossʱֵԴŮ֮ѧ綼ˣҲȫûҪѧѧ緢ⷢȡ

ڵ㣬żȻԼϲŮ׷ԷҶ£Ȱ޹Ůȳ˵

Ҫ֪ŮΪ˾˲ģΪĳЩԭ޷Ͷֻ̥ܵȴһȵĹŴ󿪣ʱܻعظתû⣬ԪͿ뿪ˣΪľͶ̥ѡ˼䡣

ͨ˼ٺһʱڻãʱ䳤˳⣬ǻ˥߻ɢܵתΪΪ˼䡣

ҶĥţͦõģǱˡȻ¶ƴ˶ֵ͵һưɣҲš

뵽ҶԼ³ŮСܣȥӽŮŻ߷ԷΪû취ʵ壬ʱһֱէȻյʱæܹʾԼһ

ȻŮĳʽ϶ͨǲһġСϰʱ䱻ɻʹײóȻֶΣŮȻû

ҶſֳƬʱ򣬾ͿǽͻȻ͹һһڿȥ⻹û꣬ŮƺǿҶϸӵı飬ְԴȥˡ

ҶֻԼֵĸС·̽ͷڸûж룬ƽһ֮ԳԺȺȡ֪ŮǾҶϲֳʽԻһ֡

磬Ϣس˷䣬صȺ˷䡣

ҶһƬ֣մȥһһŤͷͿվһȹŮЩŵû겻塣ĿƿӶʱ͵ȥˣһһһͬʱһ

Ҷ

ħʶԼһȺžǸ

19	3.3	¹Ĺ

Щ飬ǲϸ룬ԽԽ⡣

֮ǰҶ߶ʵȥģģǱʶǵͨͻȻ²ǸʵĹɳһЩ˼ĺ˾ٶҶ˶ܺˡ

ͰŮĹ֮󣬰򷢳ȥɻʱҶȻɳԳԺ֣ȴ̲ס忴һǽûйûжʲô

ãһһЩٰܹ˵СҲϲϢشڽȺǲҶÿ̧ͷҪһ׼֪Լܻڽ俴ʲôȻ޷⡣

֪֪ĺô֮ǰöڰڿСܾͻëֱ

Ҷ۲ѣòСǶǲȥˣǽԼҡʱԱ֤Լܾš

ⲻǳ֮ƣħ˿ʼˣ֪λˡԺѡ֮ʱȿڵλǸʲôԺ󲻵òΪ˴չֵҲһһ졣

ôţҶӿ춯Ͻˡ

ڰŮȥӽŮѵʱҶҲ߳˼šҪȥѡ

һľ飬ҶôѾһЩĵáҵǵ̣޷ơնǵұһ㣬ÿһһˡ

λǲϸλŮ˷ңĽָҲԵЩߣڹѪＸûôáϸ֮ҶĽƷʽںϡ

ϸоһ¾ܷ֣ΪУ԰ܵǵϲʲôʮ˳û˻Ϊ׷ŮһҲ˼ãҪ£˼ҸúõͶ̥ȥҪᲱϣ

ˣѾ᷽ʽˡ

Ҷһ׳п㣬ԼڼҸһĴѧǰפһȷλá

˷·𿴲һ㣬Ȼ·ʱʶܿȫûʶĴڡһĻ׾ͻΪҶǻˣǹ

ҶܺǰģǰĹ޶£˿ûаܺģԼԲλ࣬ԶҲȲһ

Ҷһɲǣܺ˶һ˿ֺͶ⣬žԭأû취һˣ

ҶˣĴѰʲôܺʱͣ½Ųǰ˻¶һ΢ЦЦէһʮů覣ֵֹܾġ

ܺľ˲Ŵ˰ٱãҶǸЦݼֶ񶾣ڳԼս

֪ˣ

֪Լ˺ˣ֪Լǹģ뺦ܻ֪Լȫң

ܺʶŤͷܡȴһ˫ַסɻѣܺôˣǲ岻

һﾪˣܺȻٿȥҶѾӰ΢΢һ֪Լ̫Գ˻þĻˣϾһٲ

ܺܺѼشֿʼĵش˼

û¡ܺ౻Ĵ²Ķ䣬Ҹոպ񿴼ҷСһʱЩ㶡

ҲܺһͨСµģΪܺĺͷСϵܺãһֱŬѰҶԷ⻰Щѹ֪ôӻ˶ٲ˵𣿿Ǻúѧܡ

ܺһ䣺ôҪҵԷȷһ£һ漣أİɣѧУ㣬ģ֤ҵǸˣ

˼Լûгֻþܺλʱеɱˣһ㶼ȥܳĹ˵˵Ҳˣȥ̫˷ʱˡ

ܺЦһ£ҡҡͷŪ˹ȥˣҿۡǸѧϴξͼֻǺҷСȽѣǻǲҪȥ˼Ұɡ

Ǻðɡѿֻõ˵ͷע

˱߱ʵĿ߳·ʱ֪ܺΪιʹػͷһۣȴʲôûջʱĿ¥ɨ·𿴼һ׳վĳ̨ע

ܺ͵صɴ۾ٻͷȴҲˣƺˡ

˳ԶҶĴ߳ȥո˲Ƴ¥Ȼһŵ߽ȥ̨Żܺһ¡

˵ַȫǿֲƬ·ʮַĻ磬ҶԼСѧġһ˱ţһùٲƽ⡣

СͶԹߣȴΪ˿²ԭҺǼһﻹеη֮ģȻƸҶСֶΡ

ڼȻԿ϶µģҶҪٽˡʰ֮ǰȶŻ׬ر

ħؾҹٸһɫơ

20	3.4	¹Ĺ

ҹܺúõһħĺ񰮡

ʲô˯һֵĶһ۷ִͷվŸˡвѡֲ֮Ƭ·ӦоУҶÿͬ·ַһ飬ûͦȤ

ǿˣܺȴҪ˥ԼСĹȳԹķ࣬ȴȻ޷ӦڣһΪ̣һҲ˯þòϢԾƣԵʡ

ҶŲ彡أֻԼÿġҪǰҪȥΧԺûմܺǾҪȫ24Сʱϵɧš

Ϊ£ܺѾüû˼ܷ绨ѩˡҲûʶЩĺ֪һֱûϵ·ʧһ㡣

죬ܺƣӽ߳ûʵ飬ԳûʵڲУϢ˯ϰҹҲ˯ҹǿŪˡ

뵽ֻܺɫġЩòע⣬ҪҪѧ

ϾģƺҲ˵ʦǻ᲻е֪࣬Ȼˣ㲻ѧʦƺҲͨ֡

ҪȻаޣ

ܺüʶа޲࣬ʵǿľǸˡسǰ˵׶༪٣ҿ϶аܷƵס

Ҫһ㡪úѳ֣ΪԷꡣܺͷûʲôܴа޵ĳ룬޷֤а޻᲻ĻǸȤò˵Ǯ

Ѱ죬ܺЩͷۣЩԼûȥѧŷˡ

˼ţȻԶСиϤӰܺ΢΢һ㶣˵ǺĺࡣʱȻӦѾþûϵˣ֪ô¡

ܺʱҶ飬׷ѾԼзǷ֮ˣ˼ô׷ˣϧͻıʰסֽţһʱûϡ룬㲻ˣ񲢲Ǻںӣʺ򶼲

ʮܺҵһȹŮ࣬ʱԭǸȹŮֻ͸ơ

ֻܺܰοԼֻǺһӵۣĵ϶ӹ֣ѡ

ǣȹŮ˵ʶһλʦˣܹꡣ㲻ҪȵſͿǰȥͶ̥ˡ

ȻǷǳĵģϾûϲ̫ܺˣĻԸ𣿡

ʲô׵أܺû뵽ԼϲϵŮȻһֲֻ֮ǰôҲ鲻Ϣ

˵ԼѧУѧֻǸסĺӣС;ʳóԡӦѾˣҲ֪˶꣬ǰѧֻѾû֪Ĺˡ

黹ûǸزܺȻ޷ܺһŮһ𡣸οŮȻǺںҪͶ̥ܺһһǻĶι˹ĶĸУȻνܶװġ

ԸٴɶŮܺһĮת뿪ˡȹŮƫͷһıӰ΢΢һЦ

ʲô֪໹ੲݣȥλ֮ǰеҪ

Ŷʲô£ȹŮҲǰŮʵ

ЦЦһѧУҪͻȻʧᵣĵġҴȥ𡣡

Ҫֻ𣿡Ůһ¾֪Ҫ˵ЩȱȱǺܿ죬뵽һ⡣תת¶һа΢Ц

಻ȻȻû취ҵʧ١

Ůʱڳһ֪Ĺ۵ģȰ˹;ֻ̹ŵҪ˵㲻ҪˣԺܲٻȻһ˺ŸԺϵ

Ͷ̥֮󣬾û˹˺ˡԿظǻᵣҵġ಻⡣

Ůѽһ˵ôôⲻǻԸδ޷Ͷ̥ƻúü뿪ء˺иңҰꡣʱ㹻ϵˣʱϵҲ˳£ỳɵġ

Ȼԥˣƭ˲ãĻԡ˿϶֪ԼʵܵţԵĻסƺõѡˡ

ԥãڻǵ˵ͷãġ

Ů΢Цɵ𣬹ֲϴ˵úƣҪǱͿϧˡ

Ӻܺܵĵ绰֪Լƭˣµ˵¶ڣѡ˴绰ܺ˶ٱͨ绰ǸŮ˻Ҫʲôѻƭ

ŵؿŮŮĹ¿Ŀİ˵һѡĻԡ绰ͷܺĬãһ֪ˡ͸ɴҶ˵绰

Ͳ˿ӦǺŪȥˡȴ֪Ǳߵܺ¶ŪЦĵԽȷǸƭӣһֱˣ档

ʲôӣ׾ӵĽڣҲ˵óڣ

ֱܺϵʽ֪֡硱ǷܹΡҪˣǵĵ绰룬ǱҪٴӾˡ

⼸챻ĹţһҪǸƭŮ˸ۡϧڲֻͶ̥ȥˡ֮Ȱˣҹζࡣ

21	3.5	¹Ĺ

˼ҪôԸҶǱҶѾŮֻأźýжˡ

ҹȥһ˵ĴͷҲͦĵģż滹ãÿ춼ȥ;û˼ˡǵһйԼαװȥŻܺԼУ԰

һأҶûα˶ĸ֪֮ЩѧǶܿˡ

ټУ԰кüˣȻû˻ᷢҶǸԱֻҲУѡҶÿ￴Ŀα֮󣬾ͿʼտαΡ

ܺоĵһ꣬γ̶ǱȽϻĴΣһϵ֡ҶָԼ˵СԼĴڸУÿղҲбʶԾֻܺǳ裬ʼƵֲʲô¡

κܺû취Ըֻܺ޺޵ҧ͡ҶȨڣÿϿֻ˯ʮڡ

˼죬̲ܺסˣҶʲô϶ҪģֻķʽҶһֱ֣һֱĵ̬ƿصĻ̿֡

ҶһۣȻܺȴϷŹӲȫ̸Ҷͱʣһ̲ͣ

ܵģû˷׷ġҶǿԺ⺦Сĺˣֲ˵˱ȶ¡

˻˾ֱʮ֮󣬲װһ׷ʵòͷ˵ӣζ˵𣿡

ܺһ㶡

Ҷûеػת첽뿪ˣַʧȥټԷ׷Ļᡣ

ʵܺ㶲֪ԭǡǡ෴֪ġΪһ۵ˣȻѧ˽һЩΪǳ֪аû

һĹ˵кܶ಻ͬİ汾

еİ汾һȻҪӵ˵ݣǻѡһĿ꣬ӽԷͶԷһΧ˶ֲĿ𡣵ȵʱ죬ͻᶥĿݣĿɢ

ڶְ汾˵һֹͬѡһĿ꣬任ɶԷģڳϵɺϽӽĿ겢ΪѡΪһ£Էǳױϡȵģ³ĿоֹȡԷʱͻˣĿµĶȥѰΪĿ꣬Щζ

һְ汾ĿĶȡ֮ܺ뵽ƵαϵЩγ̽ңϻһᣬʱëֱ

ؼǣڽϿεʱ򣬴һܿüǻص֮ȴ񿴲ֻֻܺһ˻ˡ⼸żķ˵ظ֮ȴûӦ䡣

һʼֻǾ֣ȴëȻǲ˵ʵĲ񣬶Ҳһֱں˵ֻΪվýԶԷķڵķ

Ҫȡ

ܺ˲סˣֵܳѧУȥҴʦһʼҲ˲ЩˡҪȡΪѧҲǲģһץ

ûˣ˭˵ϱġ

ϾȽִŵĽϡǹǳֲܺǽϰ汾ôͲ˵ռʲô³ˡֻǱµĶ˵ǻɢ

ҶվУſڣܺĶӵıӰ΢΢üεܿͻˣܺͶЩʦֻҪɵͲŹ

ʦһֱŬ׷˵䣬Ǳǰˡֻ鵽һЩͺйˣϼ̽飬϶ԷǷǺ˵ͬ

ûƫƵĻȻҲǻ鵽ͷϵġǸʱõŮ͵ĶҵĴұһܹڸڸķԵȵʦŲ鵽ʱʲôû

ûõұǰȥʦֻҪ΢÷̽һܷϵҵϡ˳ϣܿõˡ

ִʦһǲ⴦Щ˵ġǻϱңá

ɱһ˻ôҶûɣǲҲܲµΣٱ絵ϼǹ

һ㣬ܺ˵ǳصĴ㹻ӪкȫΪޡõǰ;ҲһˣȵԺػᣬһѽڶˣʲôأ

οҶŮ˵ˡ

ҲȷʵҶϣܺһȥϢѾˡѧУȡܺĵҪϣֱӾУ쵼

¸סΪ첻˶˾룬ǡУ쵼ѯĹ̡Ǻܿ죬ȫУʦͶ֪ܺʲô𾪵У԰̳ȫ

޷ܵĻǺϵҪõͬѧѣǸ޷ܡû뵽ܺƽʱһֱڹܳϵС裬СȴƫƫǱŪġ

ôװǵӣϼʵ˵ҪȥѰʧٵĺѣ

ƭ˵ͬѧǶܷŭǷ׷ΪԺо̫ˡ˾Ӧ̣˭֪ҪɱˣϾСµȥ֡

ʵԭôоģԺǱһĺܣǰȴͥܵһ¡ܺ⣬˵ǷԺоʵǱߵ˾Ա۾ġǣѧ磬Ȼȫߡ

ЩҪˣҶԼֱһֵǳ⡣ų˱õĹȻڶԸߴ֮ǰֱӸ֪λãˡ

ҶԼܺˣõܵԹֻҪȥ־ͺãֱ͵û

øˡϾСܵҲȤèϷȤôˣѾŤĹƻᷴҶ¡

ԴˣǿǿרҵħʾǾʹʦɵģҶʲôϵأ

22	4.1	ѩ

µ磬µ״

˵ϸλֻ֮ҶǿܽܵĻλе㲻ˣΪһСӡ

һһСվĬĬӣСĻڴáʱʱСááϣԵЩ

Ҷͷ۵ؿްеؾԼ뷨²ǿϸλˣǸɴһݣٶȽͱ׼̽Ҷĵߡ

黹ҪҶѡλʱ˵

ȻλʵħܵһЩţĻرҶǳĶһݻ棨Сʳ+ˣ׬ˡ

֮ǰѾ֮Ӵڵٰ֮Ǻ˵޳ˣȷʣµĿѡ綼ܹõĹⲻȥġЩ˱ż¼ڰֻҪѡͺˡ

һǰǵҵֵСģҶһͿѡȺֺ֮λ棬֮ĵù̶ȣԷ˳ɻǽȫҶҪݡ

ԣҶʹããѡ˼ʮλ档ʱȥĸûвҶƼĿǰλ档Ȼһͺһİˡ

Сնյģѩɰʢ̫ƽʱƺܻӭžƭһѺóԵĻϧλıĩҶϦ˭пչһСӡ

ΨһĺϢǣⲻɥʬĩ͵ġһǱʱѡʳﱣΪ¶ӳҲΪ¶ĿǰʳﻹǹģֻǱůܴ

ǳɵǣСӵĸĸոȥ׳˹¼ҹˡôСĺӣƾԼ췽ҹ̷

ҶǾԲܶݣͷڱĩġһΪķǳ鷳ʲô㣻Լģ޳ķǳ⣬һ㶼ȥcosСȡ

ôˣСݣҪôأ

ħ˳˼ضС˼ȴ⡣Ск֪ЩֻΪͻȻֵĴҲ֮ǰǸһ£ŵÿöͣˣҭҭģҳ

ȫֱܵʱ䣬Ѿʧȥˡ

ϼҵүү̡⹫ţȥҽԺƣĳֱûϢ˼ҿͲÿв˰ȥε½ôһҹ֮¼ʮˣ˵ˣ׳궼ܲˡ

кĸĸһʼûʶЩý붬ΪиӾ翪˵ůǡ˶ڼҹְҵߣԹûעϢֻ֪ˣɼﻹů紺Բؾû¡ֱӵϼھӵĵ绰˵ĸȫȥˣһʱ

ȻǸϻϼΪɥ񣬾ͷֳ;ȫˡǷɻ𳵡һ⡣ƺΪ¶ȹͣͨ޷ϺرÿӵĿ˶޼Ʊ

ֻԼϼңȴ븣˫УʱԱȽҲˡΪǰ϶ƱðϺͼ¹ƱһֱڼСкûյӰ졣

׾ӶܲסϺӿ϶ܲˡǳŵʱѾ÷׼ˣþϷ׼Ķ¶ֻʮȵĺ¼ʮȿ⣬顣Ϊ˱⺢Ҳֻʹ̻Ĵ㣬Ⱥȥ˵

ײòһչ˲ӣһÿһسŲɹʳҩƷĳֲԤУĻ˴ʳĻӦ֧źܾãϧһʳΪ˶ˡ

˾סͬһԢ¥֮ӣҲǱλɵģͷһֱ治סǮҲ˶ʳжڻңĵصĺðͷ

¥ϵסôԵģֻҪɱ˶ԷֱôʳѴ֮

ԼȥĻҲ˵ĿǰϵûױʳﻹҪйܻãĻȥҪҲһܴùЩˡɱ˶ʳȽϼ򵥡

Ϊڼèϵֲôȫ˶ʱѹᱻ֡ô䣬ֻʬᱻס޷ãעζûСֻҪŹһݣؾҲû˻ȥסˡ

˼ˣԥֱӶ֡кĸ׶ھûнģÿţ˿Ȼ䲻ֱһͱΨһзĸףȥɱ˲޷´ĸס

ԭߣһȫһҶͻȻ֣ϻסСӣ˸Ρ

ѭſģ֮ʲôûǲ䵹˰졣Ҷǻû鿴ߣ֪ʲôʶѡ˶СĴʽСкļ䡣

ҪɱȫңҪǽûˣԺҲһֱעС¶֡ɴǺӵĴڣΪԼѾնݳˣӲŻ᳹װȫ

һٻͼǲЩˡֻԼ﷭ʳҲû롣ʱѹһĳʳ¥

ΪкҶڵʳ࣬һʱ̰᲻꣬Կ׼һ˵ذˡⶰ¥еݣҲǺۣ鷳㡣

˿̣ʳ¥ûüٻ

кֱʣûعҲûʶҶĲͬѰ㶵ģǱɵһ㡣

ովŴ󻵵Լϵ˵ЩвĻ硰ҿٲҾʹ㡱֮ġ֮ǰ͵͵ڴƿ棬ĿɱĸḶ́ԲŻŵöطޡ

Ҷý취عʱ򣬾ͿСްֺһᣬϾҪˡƺǱһֱţʮֺ£ֲҿޡ

ֹСҹħ˶ʱЦãȻǺˣ̲ӵĩ˼ȥǾ˾ڻϵҪˣĩ˭֪֮ǰû֤

ȻСû˼໤ˣݴһʱɡ

ǣҶº͵Ск˵£ҲǻˣԺһᱣ㡣

кɵɵؿò˼ʱɴ۾ƵһȦķ仡ڷã˸ոҶôͻȻ֡ôһ־ô󻵵Լġ

Ĳǻˣ

23	4.2	ѩ

ĺѾһЩˣ侲֮ʶҶĲͬѰϿһЩƬ£ǰλǴ˵еɡ

ҲҺûʲôֵֹĶȻܻᶨΪҶǰ糬ˡȡ

СӶЩĴǱӼ㽵ģк̽ҶĴˡεؿҶѯɸܾܲȻİְ衣

һ˶Ҷ˵ʲô£ֻǻȸλЩ鷳ҶȻħȴǸֵȹƵˣܿݵСкǰְæˡ

ϧûʩչɹҶüͷһ壬ʩ̽ԭ򣬶źطַѾͶ̥ȥˡǳֻأȻҲˣҲ޷

˵ôġֺ˱ԹͶ̥οͷ߶ûȻ˽־ȽϼҶǣС˾壬Ȼ˵ͰֻˣûҶսĻᡣ

ҶЩҲֻܸСְɱ˼ҵСˣ³󡣡

кֻʲôһᣬίίΪʲôҪˣ

ǲҪ㡣Ҷֻܽʾ֭Ϲֻ࣬Ǿõ̫ˣҪչ㣬ϴ·ҪȥǮСӵĻͿԺһÿ쿴ƬߣǵĹӡ

кƺˣϸ˼һɸ˵еְȷʵ̫ˣʱ䣬ְһֱƣÿ챼ûϢСӣʲôرġ

룬Ļԭ°ְˡϣÿһ㣬湻ٻİְ衣

кصͷҶ˵ǸܸܲҰְ裬Ǻú棬һԹڼǻġ

Ϊ˰СҶ˸СѣУһ˵ġ

СӣҪˡʱһˣ˼¥ȥ

ҶֱüЩСպĿôܱȻҲֱӰȥ鷳ߴСӣҪ࿼һЩϾСһغ

˼ȥҶȰʳȫȥٶ֡

кﶯ֣öƺȥҶ֣ûô鷳ˡңõһСѵ۲Сӡ

꣬ҶתͷΪȥŵɪɪС˸תעʲô֣

к治ٹעĶش𣺡ҽкӰˣ׶԰аࡣ

׼ĸʽһǱʹܶˡ

ŶҾͽ㺮СˣȽϿɰҶ˵߰С𣬳ˣҲߡС˱ϰˣҲûз§סĲӣһȻûȫС

Ҷ˳ħóһסȫëС£ʵܼѡϾûģȻͨ·ܱȵģȣůСӵȫ

СãȷŲҶⲻѡɱźӴ¥ߣûȥõݣúײϡ¥ɣҲ㣬òŷǵݡ

ҴȥԵóԵġҶһһ˵ʲôԵĸ˵

֮ҪСţҪǸڳʱѶɾҺСôǼһһֱڼҪһֱ£۲Ϊ

Ѿ˽ôߵĶ»ȻŶԷˡصȻͷԼ˰죬ȫˮƯ˰׹һʮ־ʡ

˳㣬ʳ顢οˡС˴̼ԵóԵһ£ЧΣҲܹʤޡֻϧ̫䣬ְ̯˲࣬ǿ˿յĵ̻в١

ˣΡΡάϵţλȱ֡һʼ󲿷˻ϹֱԽԽ˲ҲžٷѹϢִ˵Ϣȡǿ󲿷ס

˶֪һܺ˳ɾ;ȲˡΪεġʮʱ䣬ͨܺһ

ҶźС֣һ̳ҵʺСӳԵĶ֮ǰȻҲлӪҵĲЩСӰԵ͡

ʵҲ֤Ҷѡûдһֱ˼ڤûóʲôĺСڿǼϤKFCʱǰһʱûԥĵصһԵĶ࣬Ҷеˡ

ǾҡҶİŵ껹źúóһ٣ٹʱܾûóˡ

Ҷýֻһʱģȶȥܻůʱ䳤һҲҪʵϣεĶԶȥˣٶʱڹȥʱɲģٳǧ궼š

ŶԵÿĵСӣҶʼǲҪ׼һֲܹռ䡣

24	4.3	ѩ

ųһһٵ˼ҶźСһѶԺҲܳԲԵ¡ְ֮ûĴߣ˸СܰѼԭϣԺԵʱ

ϸħ˷ֻҪҼæȵ˱ȽˬֻѾܾˣûͼѰδתĹ꣬Լһ

ǰ˵ҶħûԺ£ħһ֮ӵеֶΡͨ˽۳ͬҶĶǿӵСԡģ˵ܡ

ҪˣֻܷѾһ˵ֻĿܣܹʵֲִ̫岻֪ͨࡣ

ħ۵ĺôǣӰȥ١ʱԻһħߣǧ򻯣׽ҪĻεӼأʹԼ޷㡣

֮Ǻܺá

ҶʵʵҶĺпֻǮȥˡڲʲôģǺýúܣҶ߷ַӾҵ˺Ҹĸʱĳ

ҶħȥóԵģֶһЩСϲľͶ㡣ȰѴ꣬ʱڽӽЩٻħȥ˴ûһŮֻ߽KFC

С͹ԹڴĻصɴ۾һĻĻҲû׷ʲôǾúӡȵŮ꿴ӰˣŻعССش˸Ƿ

СӾʢҲŲסűϲӣԱ֮ˡҶɴµë״СñӸϣȻԴԼϣ˯ɡ

СҲûоܾůë˯ȥԶԶȥҶͺǱһܱżһ㣬ĵҶҲеɰ

СӵԴ˸Ľƣܰ˯һţرźߡ

ӦѾ˶ʺȥȡϢˡҶڵ¥㣬߳һۣڼá

֮ǰΪʹ࣬ѾʡԼˡò׶һѴɲþԺһݳһѣͷٿǳԶ顣

ҶɨһصʳװЩǺǰģûüԾͲˡƫƫһСӲҳʳһ˲ЩڣǱ

СҲ⣬Ҷˡ÷ȻֶδҵĴţȻϢ˽ȥſֱӰ˴ΣȻö֮ؽѹһգӿռﳤȥ

ȵƻΪС͵Ūţ͵еʳȻʳȻû취ץС͵ֻܳưͿ

ôһ׷ôͣԼʣĴҲŪˣν˷۱ֵ˭ֱ֪㱳˼㡣

Ҫ֪ⶰ¥ûмصģǵﻹСԼһ㣬Ȼȥɱ˽ٻû뵽һԼҲ˳Ըƿ

Ψһľ취ȡԪļأ˭¥ȷǲھСҵͷܣʱѹûϰ࣬¥ʵ룬ȥҲأֻܺ޺޵طˡ

ȫɣ׷ܲԶֻʱ׽ȿӵ¡ҪȥŪʳأ

¥ϣΪ˷ֹҵǰ¶ǰϸæغŴҶͺСסȫõı˷֣ҶͰСŵȥ˯Լߣӿʼʰо֡

ʬ廹ԭλأܵ硣Ѫ⣬˵ˮɱɺһֱŵůʬϵ˿֮ǰһֱڳѪŪЩҪʰɾġ

ʬ˵Ӷֶ߰Ľӿռ﷭׳ŽȥͺˡħƷı׿Աʬ岻ԺСְ˻ܸűҶŵС޸ʬ廻·ݣէһֻᵱ˯ˣȫƲʵʬ塣

ѪͺѴˣ⿿ɨƻܷ¡Ҷ͵ħȻǣǸɾͬǳħѡ÷һһ֡

ҶֱӾ͵ȡģմûɵѪҺڵذдһħ֣õ֮ǰ˵ġؼЧʱȻһ¡ȻħдĴԼ硰Զָɾ֮ۡ

һԺҲҪٷĴɨˡ³ɹͳͳʧɽĻҳСˮӽͰȻʧħ顣

á

Ҷ룬õˡѼԵģԺ㲻ܹء

¥ǸеᣬһҪôʰȽϺأħ˳˼

25	4.4	ѩ

Ҷ˼ôڿӣǱȴѾ뿪ˡ

˵ⶰ¥ûмأʳκα¥ס඼׳꣬ôù

˵СӦסȽ϶࣬Ϻ෢˲ǱŮߣŮסͽչˡߵԲ˵϶ûչ˵ģһӣ治öԸ

֮ǰܹ˲ɵҪΪǸĵȥͲܵҺҰʳʵѾЩܺˣûƽʱô

˼ȥûǰ;ʳҲࡣϾ񺮼ִڻģ¥Ҳûҡ

ǲҪǽȥĶܿԼ֮ǰڳǽһʳƷӹ˵ֿԱǼҹ֪żûУˣǿȥ

ǼôԭϵʳƷױڳҪŪһЩ֮ͲˡǼҹѻ룬ԱʱΧǽҵʺϷȥĵطֻҪ˿ֿһж⡣

ôţڶ賿컹ŵʱ͵͵뿪ˡǹﲻԶ߹ȥҲҪ˰Сʱڶá

ҶůС˯֮뿴ڱʲôˮǲǴ¥Ҳ顣һ򿪷һļ칫İúܡ

칫Ҳ󣬾Ͱ˼ӣҲûٶ칫Ѽƴһ֮ϱ죬ְʣµƷ֮ķڽʣİ칫ϣһӵģ

Ҷʱˣҵµסˡʱصܿ쿴ǰ

칫ҸھǷĲֿ⣬ֿǲ࣬Ʊ˲٣ʮסҲˣ㹻ԺܾáΨһ鷳ˮͷڻ⣬Ʊʵˣƽˮܲ㣬ҲܱڼûԵĶá

ǵ̫ٴǱ¶Լ͵飬Ըɴ಻ˡ

ҶһĻ̲סЦеʱ˲ãʵʵڼҶԸͺѡһҪС͵СǾ͹ֲˡ

˼ҵİѰѱţҶҪǲʲôҲ̫Բħ֮ͷˡֱħûһֻҵϰĵ绰ȥװԼ·ĺˣԷ˸ѡ

ΧӹԱ·ǹʱͷж˵ǳѾżˣոƵΧǽи칫ſţͷᱻӣסǶˡԼԱزֿɣ

Ǳ߹ϰһˣ˵Լûѵֵµľŵģǲֿⲻûٿ֮ǰΪһֱӸ˼٣ҲûµӡûµԭϣֿҲòſɣ

˵绰֮ϰϽ绰ˣȺ±ơ˸ɴ΢Ⱥϼһ£ÿˣɴ˼Ӱ׳ʵԱȥ׽δݾߣԸùȥ˶С㣬Էˣ߲

ҶСعԼֻ˸룬װʲôûɡСˣ˳

֪ܳ𣿡ħҶһ˵һߣӿʼ׼緹

С˯ѻЩز㶵ؿæðβŻһ䣺ҳԵúٵġ

ԵҲҪɻҶŲŹأǸССҲУħôÿ첻ͼرظСķأȻСͱǶˣϸ˵Ѿˡ

СӳĬһԹ߹ȥæСֻǿ̨ﲻʲôǺæϴö

ҶɴͰС˳һƬƬĶŽȥˮ˵СǶϴ

ûټˣˮͷҲס˵ôóˮҶˮͷһħ˲仯ˮֻˡˮȴյģҶˮ鷳ֱˮﶪ˸СҪˮҲոպò̲䣬ǳ㡣

СϴúܣҶҲǸҵûָܳϴĲˡԵСϴɾҶѾˡ

Ĳ˲࣬󲿷ֻǷ㱣ġܲײˣʱֱӰһԼ¡ҶӲ˾Ͷˣһһ㡣СӲʳ඼ġ

ҶǿĩС˵ģһ˵ȤĶĩǰڻʱڡ֪ǲǹеԣҶǶڻͺܿġԼһĩʱҲĥˣеԾԾԡ

ȺͺСһ緹ҶҪռ𣿡

ʲôСĺС֪Щɴ۾

Ҷ˵ɸ͸С

Сʱǰһ

СӲϲСأСȻϲģСèССӣ߲ܡϧ֮ǰְ費˵Щ鷳ϸҲࡣ

Ҷ˵õӣҲص˵ͷ

Ȼ֮ǰСӱһͨ߰˵ǻסˣۿĸɱĻ滹̫𺳣СԱȥӳŹƧ࣬ȻӰҲôСС˵Ŀռ䣬һᵽС

ϣë׿СӰɣⶼûˡ

26	4.5	ѩ

ȻŵѾȥˣҶȻţ緹ֱӿʼ

﷨ħ֮Ūռ仹ǲѵģʵûʿҲԿٳռ䣬ǴֻװġȵɣװĿռҲûôˡ

ǶУûҶСԲһ磬µĿܾѾˣֻҪݾͺá磬ռڵʽ

һСʱ·ռزٵıȪһС¥ĻɽȻȪֳ֣һȪۣͷȪˮЧһСϪϪˮЧһ㣬ϴ裻һǺˮġ

Ҷô̫鷳ˣС¥סʲôģִãֱӸһִСһƬ԰ȥЩ԰Сݵӡ

ȻִСݣȻˮͷȡˮģˮӵȪˮϴ軹ǳö㡣ͷˮԵˮˡ

ΨһˮûʲôЧϾҶһֱħ㲻ȪɽλûɥʬҪȪûȪҲҪ

ɽﻹҪеģɽֹׯڣֻû취̳ʱ䡣ҶҲûҪ̫˺СһСƨֵùʳﹻԾУôαء

֮һƬݵظСĵظŪΧֹܻӣÿΧռܴȥҪ²֮ܿͳдУȻûСӣָͷСʵ±ƽ⣬ǵõιʳݶû˹ǣôݹǳԵġ

Ҷ̽һȦ֮оӦÿˣռ＾ں½涼Сһļ任С̫ܷװãԺʵͣ磬Ҳ治ֻ

ѾˣͲȥӺͶ̡

Ҷ˸߲ҵشźСȥһȦһˮߵˮطḻطҲׯڲҪʩʽˮȥͳɡСҲЩ͹ԹţɴԵذ滮ʲô

ⶼҪֻԼСʣʲôʱȥСؼң

Ҷ˵һͳȥ򣬲żø޵ƷƷֲ

˵⣬ҶסˡȻһ£ûֿ⡣

˼ҿռرĲֿ⣬ûŪȻ԰Щڻ⣬ҲûҳҲͷˡ˼С˵Ĳֿʱ䶳ģͷڣֿﲻѽ

Ϊɹƻ˺Ҷֻûȥռ򲹶ѡбĵΪֿλáɲģǰ˵㾭飬С˵￴ģλȷʵͦʡ

Ҵ󲻴νҪֿʱ䶳ķˣںٶһռŵķ˵򵥵㣬ſֻһʮƽС䣬ȥһǸƽ׵ĳֿ⣬϶á˵㹦򣬱ϾҪͷӷģһӾ

һҶһѣռ²ûԼΪľƾҲû취û뵽ĵطֻܾˡ

Ҷô൱ȻǵΪСӣһħͻȻΪʲôȻΪô棬ĵĳЩ޵С

֮ǰ˵ĩС˵ʱڻ˶ڻ֮⻹еСá磬ü԰ϷͺȤ

ȤÿȥҲ죬Ҷһز֮;湻ˡȥԼĶڻˡ

㣬ҶźСٴ߳šһأǴȥɹһ

ͬʱǵùڳеĽܶ

ΪҶͻȻ׳нϰ绰ٱոհõļҾͱˡϰһǿ׳ĺȥ׽һͨ˿϶Ǵ򲻹ġҪ˻壬ͱ׽סŤȥˡ

ϧ⻷ǸǵģҶûԶ֣С׽סءѾСĽûǰ֣ҲռƻͻȻһֲ˷ˣû׽ס

ҲܵòߡһѼҵڰ칫лֻһЩΡģһǮȥˣ߱һЩ׽ļ

ȻĶлȥĵǺƽǻ̰ģֲ̫ƽˣͷŵǮȻԽԽáûйֻ֤ܼҲôһʽޱ

Ĭط࣬˻ȥϰ˵ˡϰҲǺ˵ȻеӰѻǸˣҲû˵ʲôŤͷԼ취ȥǸˡ

Ƿ֮صȴǻ˳ӣ޷ˡ֪˻ѴװؼȥأûԵȥˡڸһȥЩֻͱߣȥҲ׷

С˼һҪô죬ԼȥŪԵأ

27	4.6	ѩ

ν©ƫҹ꣬߻ûҪôǰͻȻµ״

ѩˡ

Ȼʱ轵ʵһֱûѩꡣ

ֻʼģ̫硣ˣҲˣֻҪѩ꣬ӻǿܹġϧ

ͻȻƮСѩ֮ıٶߵ͡ӭ洵ѩӣ˾סֱ¡

ϵľ£⻹轵ʹġҪϵȥ򣬱˵ԱûдйҲ˲ټۣõȿ͹

ĥôȥҲǸ£һᣬ˹˵Ѿûأ˵ΡֿĴ׻ء

Ҳ⻷ڷⷢȣþȻŪ˵ջûһˣ׻ڡ

Ǳϰ˹׽ô죬˭ڿյĹﰤ컹ãҹ˾ͷ׷׻ؼȥˣϾѩءⳡѩ翪ʼµģ˰ѾƮƮСѩ˶ëѩܻؼҵĶԸǮҲС

ʱ򹤳Ѿȥ¥ˣҲˣԭⷿﻹʣʮҲ˰ˡ֪ȥϰ壬æԱԼ˽¸ˡģвֿҵһ©֮㣬һֿߡ

ֻ㹻ԺܾˡʡŵԵĻ˵ܳ¡

ҲͷסˣֱŶ˼ҡҲҺ֮ǰȥֿޱûߣȻȥ˼ӶҲĲֿ䣬ǰѼб춼˹ȥ

ôһͨæһҹ͹ȥˡ콫ʱڱ̲סЩ㱣ܾһ˵ʮϤ

ϸһ룬֪Ϥˡɲǰ׳ŵɱ¥ϵķѾһѶؼң˽غ׷

θϻ;ͬ飬ǰôã̵ס˵ҲˣԼԭȵҲһ룬ֻǱ˸ˡ˵ףæôأ׬ףĸµκԼֻ

뵽øۡȻ֪ʧȥĲһ֮ϵˡĺˣʳȫߣԼֻܼ©

һҶҲǺŷֵģԭΪԼû̵ʲôôǸ˵£ǰϰ߸һֵԼֵ˲١

ҶʱãȻ벻ͨԼôõˣҲûʲôɣѵΪĺ£Էˣˣ

֮ǰǵԴ֮õˡôȷʵЧûԹİ취ܲͬЧ磬ֻǸ鷳ƻļƻ֮࣬ƺҲЧģֻЧʲ֮ǰߡ

ȻҶʧһЩϾЧķҲб׶ˣһ㣬ЧķϸˮӪǰ߲١ЩԴͷģѱ˼ĥ治ֱһС

ϻ˵úãһʳԱ졣붯ӵĻǾʹͷβһ취ƻҲͦʡµġ

ôţҶ͸ˡʱ仹ż뵽ʱͳʰһ£벻ʱͲҲͦ˼ģȸС档

һ㴭ϢĻᣬʵʵһʱ䡣

˵ҶߣźӰ򣬸ճԪžͷѩˡȻſʼµģѩѾͦˡҶҲ⣬Сֱ߽ѩС

·ֿķָһ㣬ѩƮֱӶ㿪ˣһ·ûһһСմϰѩӡȻ˻ϰԱÿһһĻʾȣǷ·ȫûԾһ㣬ֱӺҶˡ

ҶҲûǣֱӳгȥҪڻȻȥϳһ򼸴ġгǺܷ㣬ҲһЩеԶҶСӴ˳糵

СԹҶΧٵ˵ľɫ̲סʵﲻ̫ðɣ

һϣʮСӭļ綼ų⣬Ȼڳ磬ʵһ㲻䣬ΧѩСȥ档

ҶȫѴʲôԵģ˲ΪȫûǡҶĩˣ˭пչ㡣

ҲʵǼǮ࣬˷Ǯڴͷʡʡˡ

Ҷ˸ѩСԼȥСע׾ͱתˣѩһ֮ǰľᡣҶ;˼γڵִг

28	4.7	ѩ

ʱгȻȲѾܲˡطĵ̼ûʲôˣ̫䣬ҶšгͲһˣﶫˣʺ϶ڻ

ҶʵûʲôǮˣϾ֮ǰѾѴȥʳʵҲû٣ԶޡǣҪǮʡ

һǮѵӢۺҶҲòϸȻǮǾֻõȡɵķӣ÷øӡ

ҶȥתһȦ֮󣬲ŷҪúܶࡣΪúܱˣö඼ǼǮһ

Ҷһҿڱӵ꣬ϰһѲͬƷֵģϰ忴Ķ࣬ۡϾӲһ߳УҲûʲô͵ũׯǾ档

֮˵ƷҶͷֺûʲôҪˡϾСҪҶ²ůֻܱҪõͷ¾СԺСӳ˻ë»᲻ȽϻҶʾⶼĩ˭㴩ʲôء

СԴûʲôֻС˵õҪȥСأ

Ҷжû򣬼ݻ򵥣ܾͺˡȻʱڲĸѷСʱ򣬵򵽵ġִȱľǷڲƷǳůʲôİĸϾһļú𣬻˾ͰͯӼ

̾Ͳһ߳иˣԶȥרŵֳΪ˱֤ʣһиسǴׯֳ˳糵ô

ҶòСóȻ·Ȼһ϶ܵĿĵءֳתĳһּԵöܵ㲻ͬĵطִĽͨʽڸ·ϵʱ͹Ǻˡ

ΪСԸĺüҶææµµжȹˡһȥ̣һȥáʳûŹѼţ򣬼˸顣

Ļ˵ţִһĹһͷ𣬸ͷɳչˡҶǮˮò취Դ

Ŵ˾Ͷȶʱ䡣ʱ򳹵ˣͿԹˡҿڵӣǻҲԶˡ

ǳ˶١ܶ˶¹壬ѹûдУҲ򲻵ٴȺ˳Ųȥˣ϶һ𷴿

ºһЩ󲿷˼Ҷϰߣ㹻ǳԼˡ

ҶҲżˣСӻϳǡӦӵҪȥһ˶ֻСɰ

֮ǰСȻΪ˿ɰССѼСӣһЩﻹǸҪСèСˮĴ۾εضţضصħ̾Эˡ

ɣﲻȱǵʳèûôǮˣɴֻ

ռĲ࣬Ҷ˵綪ȥΪʡǮȥߺӱץ˲ܳԵˮڼⲻһܳԵˮǹܹġèЩ϶ûĻӦҲʳϾǰ˹ʲôûԹ

èǱˣûǮСèèܶҶģΪѼòľˡ

һһСžվȥȻСָһһС

ҶŤͷȥǰһֻݹ᾵˹ϵëҲϡˣɪɪôȻûбֱ漣

ʵòѿֻϵë̫ˣһġϸһͻֻ֣ᷢСϻв˿ѪҶʱȻӦǸոձСѸϳˣ֮ǰûë

СȻС磬òã

ҶȻû˹˹𲻴󡣼ȻײˣСϲǾ¡

߹ȥʲѵСͽռ䣬ִӲֿȡһ֮ǰõϡŵǰӦǹԳԵģϡĻҲ³Żĳθ

΢΢ðܹ̼С˵ֱõİοԭɪ˰죬ûΣգ̽߹ȥҶȻռ趨ļ任½棬ռлůĴõĶҲůëëС˵䡣

һֻСҶʵ

СӹȻҡͷһֻ̫µˣһֻɣ

ҶһһĸһС̣û֤ݡǰպС˼˼ֻСͼֻСè·ҵģûȥվ

òܾվǱӣܱȽЩ޼ҿɹҪһЩһ·ͦ鷳ģֱϽּء

˹èСﻹͦüģٳҲѿҶҵֻеĸè˵ռˣŹ˶СӾè̿ˡ

ЩڻصѾõĺҡææµµü죬ﶼÿû̻ˡҶСӽռȥС棬Ȼ鿴Ķ

⼸춼´ѧѩҪа˸ˣӦֲʲô۶ӡһһ̫ˣһܸԻǵÿġ

ᳵ·ߣһĻǰѣһһôôʳˣ

Ҷʱˣһȥˣѧԣ

29	4.8	ѩ

Ϊƶŭյħ̾ߣ¥ȥˡ

Ҫ֪֮ǰûǮֻܱռ˵Ӻͼ̣ʳ붼롣ȻȴѴ֮˰ӵĸʳܲ

ʳҪôǷҪô֮֬ǺܺóԵĶ֮ǰҶħȥռKFCʳΪǮֻٵؽһԭϣԶõġѾҶϽеʳˣŪһǮ

ϧĩû˻⻨ǮӣȻѺ׷ˣܼʽðʡغҸĸ֮飬Ϊ

ȻͿԴСȥүҿûпסĵطʵڲлܾͽұĵطסĩӿ϶ǲٵġ

ᵽҶǲȱˣǹ滮õĹȴҶֻ˶Σ˵ȥ֪öܳɽĴ

˼ҵռԴʱټӱиȪҶ߾ͲˣһħֻħҪǻɵܸСŪĿռ䣬ҶħģȻַӺöԷħ

ħ̫Ѻˡ

ӵʳﴢǳȣǵ֮ǰǸٵļһĶԷһΣؽ˲١ʵʵѼŷˣһѱصļҾ߶šͲˣζԷܴý

ʵ֤Ҷܡ

ʲô£ߴ𣿾㴰ҲˣʩǽҲʲô¡

˵˴ܰдϾҪĵطԼ󲿷ִˣֻʣһ©֮㡣

Ҷʶһɨͷ⴦ţ˵ֱӴӴͻˡ¥㲻ߣֽýݵȷʵܹӴ룬𾪡ȥʳĲֿˣҶֱӽ˵ҡ

Ϥ䷽Ϥ·ݺһû鹦̧ž͸ȥ˲ֿ⣬Ȼſڵʱ絶ٴδΡ

Ҷû뵽һﻹôûоģͬʽеڶءΪ㹻ȫʱ̹עΧɡ

ҶҲȥ־Ͱӵʳ˽ӿռ룬ְѾİ׷Żô˵Եģڼ

Ǳ߻в棬ԺܾãġһԵĶûˣѱԷṷǽȥʲôɱԽĹ

ҶֱӰؼȥϧ̫ˡɱҪ飬ٽоһǸһˣʱǻû̫ܳˣҶֱӷѡԼϷŪ

޵ʱɲ˷ںƤϣοͱʬʬ뺮СֻСްҶ廹ǸſռƱܵĺãѾʬ帴ԭû˺۵ģˡ

Ҷ˸ѣһʱ̰ˣҲܼļල֪һʲôʱͻȻ۶ӡøĻ廹ҪģǴˣôû̾Ϊȥա

Ҷһʳصң׼úò鿴һ⼸ʲôЩʳҲ֪ǴĶģܺҲûҶÿܾʳǻԭԼ¡

ʵħб˲ռ˵磬Ӧǲ˸߷ڣŰѶԭ˵ġɵ۵Ʒ£ħͷûйϵǼܲססһֻСӣҶ¶Էʳ

ˣףͷ͵˾͵Լܵ㹦£˵ֵء

̰Ҷɣ̾˿ԼѾǵǸħˡ

һ߸пһߣѻ沦ؼ֮ǰС˯ÿԿʲô

ü˹켣һʱܹģҶһ屶ҲСעǸܻʱ飬ҶһĸĹӣһ߿һ߿

ǰ漸춼ģʾ֭ʳ֮⣬ûʲôرġһΪ˿ϱϲʳƷӹͲֿ򣬲ϧʱһֱûҵֵĻᡣ

ֱ磬ӭתڼſڱ˶סˡ

ԭΪǰʱẮʳ£˿ˡԷҲ¥סúǶţ֮ǰע⣬Ĵè⿴˰ȫ̡

һʼ֪ǴĶŪôģע⵽õݾͣںҵ¥㣬¥ûз˴ʳĳӡƲǴӺһŪʳٽ֮ǰסҸĸΪһȻס

ھӾһ͵˻˺ҵĶ֮ļ캮һֱû˵ҪôûҪôˡǰ߲ܣǾֻкˡ

ɱٵΪھӺܴˡǼȡҽѵɹʳʱ͵ҹ˻ؼңһѸʳȻʼ۲ĳŹɣҪЩΪС

ΪһʼھӾͰЩԼģԲŻṺʳǶڻŵʱͻȻѣҪɱ˶ϧϾ˻壬Բûˣɱھӡ

Ȼö֮ؽھӼңѶԷĴԼԢˡ

Ҷ

Ŷˡԭûȥˣš

ԼôûأҶˡ

ڵǣ˼ҵսƷʳŰؼҲһ죬ֲˣҲǹҵġ

Ҷεæʱߵڽʱ뿴ûûѵĻ͸ϽѶȥһ·ӣװԼûвֱ֤Ӷִ˼ҡϧѾˡ

ŻŲ޴ַߺ޵ؿſյֿҶˡ

ħʥͣ޹ȿȿȡ

30	4.9	ѩ

֮ Ƥȳǽħ˾Լû鿴ǰһ㣬 İõǶʳ

ôɥĲˣ һսƷҲ֡˼ҺС Ϊû˰ְ裬 ѵӦϺóԵʳ С˵

ôţҶ͸ɴعصͶӰ棬 ٶ࿴Ťͷҵ˯ѵСӣ ЩʳĿռ

֮ǰҶѾѿռСӰˣõ󶨵ķӣ֤ᱻ˶ߡְ󶨹ϵǳȹ̣Ը ת֮Ҳʧ

ƥﻳ ҶòٸСӵĻһ˵ľʾ ˶ʶϵĲ֮ͬСӲ͸¶ռĴڣ ֻԼá

ʵռûʲô ֳĹʳŻڸУ С˵ô档ΪռԸ֮⣬ û̫ô Խϵ͡ɼˣҲǸģҪ

ҶɵСӣĬĬ̾˿һҲ֪ʲôʱܳ ͷԼҪˣôŶ

ҶԼҪҪúý̵̵СʱڱˡȱҶԤƵҪ첻٣ΪͨѶ豸ͻȻˡ

绰źźźжϣҲ޷Զ;ϢеͼʹźţȴȻ޹·һϦ֮ص˹ŴһĶֵ֮ϢһŲ֪

ıȺڵĴΧֻţҼûа취ͬʱôȺڡְԱ;ɵֵȥаЧȻ΢

©ƫҹ꣬Ϣжϵĵ죬ԭѾͣ˵Ĵѩٴ¡һεѩһػҪڣͬʱŴŵı䣬ԱﶼʧءĩյԣҲѹֲסʱϯȫء

ҹ䣬Խһ㣬ִΪϵس֡ڵڶʱžȵķ֣̱ҿţ⵽ĽȸԽԽ˼뵽ȺУ·һͻһ㡣

Ҷ֪ʱˡ

ûаСӵڼңǴʼڸرѼʡϾ֮ǰΪ˿ˣѱҪǺСڼΣˡ

Сȥ֮ǰõֳ˲Žռ䡣ȥּӹѼʳƷȥ԰ڹֱæòɿ

ڼ䣬ʱʱעһĶǼһָɻ¡

ææµµһ£ҶҲ֪Լ˶ٵطռﵹǳӯҶȥӺ׽˲ܳԵˮȥַḻռ֡

ۣСˡڿռССèСϷżƼ£û¿ɸɡ

ȻֻǸСӣôл̰Ҷǳƽ⡣ûѵѾ׵ħ˶ʱκйؽӵ뷨鲻ܱĿ֡

ֻ֮ҲСˣ

ųһСҲһСȦĺӰҸȥʱҶҪúϢ£ڼ򵥻ϷȻٿҪҪ뿪

ôʳﻹԸ㣬ٸСһæֵصħͣӦþͲҪʲôˡʱ뿪ΨһСû˽̵᳤ܻᡣ

ĺӣûѧ֪ʶءĩòЩ֪ʶѧһѧҲܱʲôҪá

ϧҶħͲܳ䵱ʦֻ˴׶԰ѧҵ鼮Žռ鷿ϵϣСǸѧĹԱԼѧɲšΪˣҶ˲ϰᣬһ˽ȥ

ûоѧУĺСЩ滨̵飬ѹûʶԡͦĵģѧϰ㽡

Ҷʮ⣬һѽѧƵӲֶ̡ʵܺŪרŵվֻ粻磬ҲӴЩˣҶһ

ЩϵԴҲרŵĴ洢ģϲҪֻҪҵӦĴ洢ͺˡȻٴȡƣֻҪܹһж⡣

ҪΪ˽Сӵѧϰ⣬ҲҲڻôʱ䣬ռʿòһ¡

ڵʱȴֺҵĴѾŪˡϵ˵߰㣬òˡҲһ߰㡣

ҶǰǵѺҸĸԼƽʱϵļҾƷս˿ռ䣬ԺҽĶࡣҲ㲻ǵ϶˲ٶȥġ

ȻסˣҶеͷۣ¸Сҵطס

ʱҶϲϾӣʳȻšǸˣǿҸû˵طţпռ䲻ʳסСǺӰǸСӣһֱڿռﲻ˽ᵼ⣬ҶϣһЩСġ

ֻϧĩС̫ΣգԺСעҪԼһ˴ˡһ԰ȫΪϣ罻֮Ĳǿ

ҶջǸӰСһƫƧ¥Ϊסأⶰ¥˴඼ˣΪСźҵ̫ԶȥʳԸȥſڸסҲߡ

⵹ǱҶһװŵĵ¥ӸӰסһһţ⻹դȫ̶ȷǳߣҲûʲôôƫƧĵطš

ԺһڼסʱΣռǵöռ䡣Ҷ

СܹԵصͷӦˣõɸһͷɱһͯ´ȫҶС˵ģûʲôԢָʺ϶Էˡ

СӣǷ˼³ϷҶȥˡʱöԷΪ֮ǰɱ¾ˣǰزССֵϢˣܵϵɱء

Сؿɸ뿪֪ҪˣԺ󲻻ٻˡŤͷ߱óСģħͣͰ͵˵СĢֻˡ

⧲ΪСĢħͣ

뿪Ҷ˼һ⣬ҪôͷȽϺáоеˣһҸĸ

ҲһºСĿֻȻÿھĥҶ⣬ܿҵ

⼸ڵڶʳﲻ֮һ겻´治̫ʳסĵط̫ȫˣԡ

һסΪ˱֮ǰǸαװҹɫжתء

ȻûƵ飬Ҳ֮ǰô̰ÿγȥֻüʳԸȥˣҲһѶΪ¡

ȫĹ˼£ڼҲû״ʱһֱڳһˣҲûһء

Ǻվ޵ģܻһڼèʱ򣬺󾱸ܵϤʹǸС˫ˣ

Ҳһһ۸Ź

31	5.1	ĵʦ

դȫ̶ȷǳߣҲûʲôôƫƧĵطš

ԺһڼסʱΣռǵöռ䡣Ҷ

СܹԵصͷӦˣõɸһͷɱһͯ´ȫҶС˵ģûʲôԢָʺ϶Էˡ

СӣǷ˼³ϷҶȥˡʱöԷΪ֮ǰɱ¾ˣǰزССֵϢˣܵϵɱء

Сؿɸ뿪֪ҪˣԺ󲻻ٻˡŤͷ߱óСģħͣͰ͵˵СĢֻˡ

⧲ΪСĢħͣ

뿪Ҷ˼һ⣬ҪôͷȽϺáоеˣһҸĸ

ҲһºСĿֻȻÿھĥҶ⣬ܿҵ

⼸ڵڶʳﲻ֮һ겻´治̫ʳסĵط̫ȫˣԡ

һסΪ˱֮ǰǸαװҹɫжתء

ȻûƵ飬Ҳ֮ǰô̰ÿγȥֻüʳԸȥˣҲһѶΪ¡

ȫĹ˼£ڼҲû״ʱһֱڳһˣҲûһء

Ǻվ޵ģܻһڼèʱ򣬺󾱸ܵϤʹǸС˫ˣ

Ҳһһ۸ŹµƷϸԵص⿴ǳ̬ȣ벻һڵһΡ

Ҷ

ħ˸оԼ⵽ƭ

ŶԷûҶȥΡ֮ܺôڵŵű黹ͻȻŭЦһ£Ǿѡ

ҶãӦǸйµˡ

ڣԷԼҪݣڵϿ֡ҶһʼΪǿԼ֣ûһ˵ڶĸ֡ЩӦǺСʦԸˡ

ҶˣֲҪΣЩһshiε֮ƺǸرء

һ֣ҶˡѡһֻĳʽǵϸѪɫķȻǹâ˸аұţźɫħ˳ڷģһʲôħٻٳĴɡ

ʦһǰεӹȥʲܿ侲

ħĳֲһǻ£롣û취Щ쵰Ƕħһԡںħ뻢ıƤʲôģزˣѡħб·

ǲҶ˵ĿףҾˣˣס

Ҷ

dieҵ̨֪𣿶ִ˶·̫ˣϲϷ

Ҷһ׻ڣֱ⣺ʲô

⻰ʦǰһϷæڣԼذԼ֮ǰһ飬ȻԼ

ԭǣǱʡõһѧԺϵѧ츳㲻Ϊ罻Եһ㡣ǰʱ䲻Сĵ˰ϵһλ⵽ԡ

Էǵ츳һ㣬ܲסǮ߸һСŲ˵ǮȥС͵ĵΣװԼֵӡ

һǵͬѧ˸ĵƬǿæһЩĽǸ֪ǸƷͬѧԼأȻԷˣҲͱͬʵʵָһѲ֮

ͱ¨ӣԷŤͷ͸˵ôôƷˡԴŭͬѧ֤ȷʵ˵ĻͺîϾˡ

֮˸У԰Խ͵ʧȥһǳҪıĲҲͶԷǸ壬ȻôʱĶøĹ۸Խã˵Ҳ֡ңǵֶҲԽ

ǰ죬ָʹһǵƷеģе֮ǰýġĻãýƷͷ⣬һֱƱѧУĵܹû뵽ᱻһԷ겻Ǹ㶪֧Ʊ˵⳥ʧǹǮ

ǼʵܸԣĸȥҲһʿɹ۵ŲϳԴȱǮȻҲΪǵǮƵĲȻǮƣвʲôˡ

ߺ޵˵ҪЩ˸ۣ

ⲻʲôҶ˵ӦʾһжֻҪһΪ۾ͺˡһʲôĶ

˵ȫûãȻڴӦԼ׬ˣֻҪһûõĶͿԱ

֮ҶĹͨԺ㶼𣿾ǲܿӯ͵ȥˡ

ɻѣΪʲôôʣ

ҺĵˮƽһҶί˵ﲻҵˮ׼һθĵˮƽԺĻܻ¶ڡ

ǻôħɣʽգй֮ͨʱҲҪһЩ̵ģҶҴƱԼĵˮƽȫࡣȻųԵǰ£̸Ī

ȻҶԿѹԼˮƽһЩĶǵķȽϴûǰ˵ͻȻı䡢Լĵ֮ͻȻͲýˣ˻ǹ֡

Ҷ˼ǳҶԤϵǣûжԴ˱ʾʲôáЦ˵νֻҪЩɵܵѵٱ¶ҵĵҲûʲô˵ģұͲǵ˿ġ

֮ǰѧУҵ֮ΪԼѪǷڼԼ͵ĺãѿ֮ǰȥΪ׬𣬱ϾûĽɽղ̫á

ͨˣĴĿǰػܶ꣬ЩҪҲաʵڲȥòγп̵꣬ľҺڡֻǵ̰ˡ

Щ֮Ҷ˯ŵǣʽ˶ԷݡڱϸԸԸԼԵҲҪó˸ۡӻͦðݵģܹˣʵ»ˬ

ʵ֮ǰǹҲֵߣӰû֮ôҪҲ쵽³³Ҳûرңûѣӻ̹̹ȥġ

ǵģڵ³ġǸǵͬѧǱλ֮ӡˣ⻹Ǹ֮ǰЩ޼һ

32	5.2	ĵʦ

߲鿴ǰҶ ˶ǵǰ

һ һʮֲĵʦԵЩϲģȻѧǮרҵԼƷûͣ 

ļҾʵô û취ֹع ԺΪı òһЩ̫õ顣磬̳ЩƷƷзʱ䳤ˣ 򫵹һЩƷա

ֻûʲô· һǰƷһм̣õرߵļ۸񡣶мȴϰ壬׬ȡ

ԵĴѧͬѧǣԷ츳öˣ λøֵܴ󽱡Ϊ񽱶Եʣ ƷЩϰϲղض ˳ʱӵص⡣

Ȼûã ǾΪǮ׬˲ټͷ ĹԼСȥˡɳȴһֱܶ±ϣ ûͣӣ Ա쳣ǿҡ

һ ȻذǼǺˡðһš뷨ƻɹͿԹǰ˫յĺӡ

Ҫ֪ưǵƷ

ЩýƷԻý ׬һʡЩǮͿһˣҲǰôǡ

ǰǣǲܳҲܸǵЩƷĻᡣȻԺԼɲžȴȶƷױɵġҲ⿴һļζ

ǳǣ͸ϡ˸У԰ǹȻûгͷĻˡֻϧʱûʲô򫻹ûüȰԭǵƷȥ

ȻҶˣȻٸᡣǲЩƷҲֲˣο򫻹ǰԡ

ؼǳģﲻ֪˶δĵƷͻ滭һȻԶˣϱӾƷģ϶ˮ

ǣôʵڲٻԡϱӻƷƭǮҶûԺ󶼱̵ˡ

ҪĿģı֮ȰѸ蹷ŽˣǺͳ򫹷ҧòˡ

Ҷʰõ̹ߣѧУȥĿǰѾ˼𸴿̵ĵҶȥЩˡ

¸һܴѾһˣûύϡʱ˵񣬳Ͳò߸ԼƷ

Ͼϵύʱ󣬳аֻצҲû취ô̵ʱٸһ񡣸οεıָģ㸴̸򵥵ĽȥҪ󡣶ƫƫҪĵǳӡ

ʱ̫ҶҲἱھͶ֡

ʵ赶ɱˣúıһ¾øСѵˣĳޡϧʱ䲻߹ϵչѶԷؼͣ񶼴ء

¼ѧԺܽǼҹȥ˳·ߵʱҶ˸С˽ȥȵûҲûصĵطʧˡ

Ҷ˵׾٣򫱾ҲڼСȻнڵܿΣ뿪λаСʱҲھ͹ȥ

Ҷųĸ¥ʱֱţ۲һ³¼Ҽ˵һǳ͵֮ңо𻹰Ƶĸ׺˽Ķӡ

ļͥȻìܲ٣ԼǷǳõӡҶʲôֻǽһСħͽ˳¸ڣɵؽԷĵѹֵĸˡ

ʱ磬ȣҲƣױìܡ¸Ʋֵı֪ҶǰһҾѾйִˡڳµӣ֮ǰǿѹµŭ˲ըһʰ

ҶϽ˸λÿϷֻ¸ıֽŭ߽˳¼ⲼõĵҡϸԼȥƷΨһ㲻ԡ

ϾԼĶҲĻ᲻Ϊһ˿ƫʧ֮ۡ˵ʵ˵ԼˮƽҲôǵĵΪʲôܵý

սŵĳ¸СԴЩΪֻð۷ǳΪЩʯͷÿ²֪˶ٿ֧

ӻ˵ʲôԵýʱͼȿ׬Ǯܹʲôأⶼѧ˺üˣҲûӵùһֱǿǮ

¸ŭͷֱֱ߹ȥų־Ǻݺһƣָˡʱˣһæ۵ؿܡָ׸ոտǻ˵񣬿ɱ𻮳ۼ

Ȼ⸱ȴг¸ױŭˣСӣ㻹ʲôأûƼվ𣿣

ǸϴŪʯͷʯͷɵ˰ɣһܼ

ֱĪַ֪ʲô裬ô˵־Ͷ֡úõıʲô

֣Ǳˡеͷۡ

¸Сӻô˵ЩǸͳĴߣΪһ֮һ˵һֱľöѧˣҳӲԽ

֮£ֻЩ۵ĺܣһʧȥǣ͵ֽϵĵˤ˸顣һˤ֮ͷȻһֱüĿУȲٴγ֣ŶûӦʣµĵҲͳͳˡ

̶ӣһƬǽ壬ûʣһĵ񡣳򫶼ˣѹûȥ

ʱȥĳĸҲˡﻩľ죬һæܹ鿴

Ӵôˣĸһôˣ򫰡ûŰɣ

ڻعصʯͷ۾˲ͺˡЩɶѪȫָˣ

쵰

¼ҸһȫУֱײϡĸŵæȥܣһŮסһڶףΪˤʯͷ˺ü

һϷҶˣҪȥϿءڳ򫣬ˣƵȥҽԺúôһ˿ڡ

Ҷŵʱײ¥µھҪ˵ƹ񣬻ò˯ˣ

͸ûصĴ̽ͷһͷڴܣھǾӻؼȥˡ黹ٲΪҪǲСıǶ಻ð

ƾǰæͬ־ͨ绰ǸϹȰܡڱģ͹ܲ

عħյسѧУK.O.һֵȺˡ֪ǽôУ԰ǣҶ㽫ƾͼƣʽ

˼ţУſڵˡ

ǳɵǣſż˸ĸx2ǰһļƣҶ֪˲ŹôõҲˡ

ãҲŹôõĴء

33	6.3	ĵʦ

ⲻʦ𣿡˵ ôпѧУˣ

Ҷش ҲͣʦѾǸˣѧУɽ̲ʲô

ҶûԼĿˮǺţ ˵ɧһһ׵ġ

ͻȻã ˷ʱ˵ ֻԼıƸ񡣲ɴǣ ֱȥʰϴ

Ҷ˺Ǽƽϵ뷨ޱسǰȥ ·ûǵĻ ҲûпǡҶ̫ƽûκųɫΪԵʮˡ

Ȼ˲ըë׷Ҫˣ˭׼ˣ

Ҷ磬 ˺ݻࡣǰ·ļһ ֱȭͷ һ˸һȭ Ǵ˺ü ûվˤڵء

Χ·ǣ

ԭΪһѪУ԰裬 ڿôôУAĸ൱սУBһKOأ

˵СܵҶûΪ˶ͣ 治ɫ̧ſ簭µĶ ǰߡһΣûв۵ǰˡ

ڵϵ˻أ˺ðβŻعôֵôˡ

Ҫ֪һǸƢļһ ǰǰʱҲûԹ֡ǾǸսֻܱѡ񿪿͡ؼҵȺһ

֮ʮᡣ

ҶȻ֣඼ܷѽ⡣ǻ⼸ûϿΣǷͼǿȥѧˡ

֮ǰǵѪˣԼţֱӲѧУˡѧУҲûƷԼڼҲҪʱĿζ̫ҪſҲܵͣӰʲô

Ҷǲ֪˻᲻ϿΣҪġĻôʰСء

Ź䣬Ҷ߽˽ѧ¥ǵϵĽѧ¥ȽƫУſ߹ȥҪһƫƧζ٣ʮʺУ԰裬ͬʺҶ練

ҪСĸ߳ŭͷҼҳҶֻҪøøԼӦżҳͺˡħ֮ƿطµŵԣҪǷ˺صġ

ҶɽЩһֳͽֻº͵ֶΡħһȽϰ裬Ȼñ׺䶥ħҲûõȥ

ЧԲ˥壬˳ŭ⻹΢ģҶܲ˵ĻַӾǼĽࡣ

ɿҪôڿӣҶõ߽ҡ

34	5.4	ĵʦ

һң ȿĲǸ һ̫ϤͬѧҶãϺǲ졣

ǣ ȻЦóʮ ѵѾ뵽ԸǮǵİ취ˣ

Ҷ˿ˣ ΪԼûв鿴ǵߣ ֻſһǰģǰͬͬѧصĹ࣬ ʱĶǡҶǰûɶӡ ֻϡǵǰͬѧ֮һ

λͬѧûжӣеУҶҲͺػӦ˶Է࣬ԺҲˡ

ͬѧȻ¶ϲɫ̫ˣ

ʵһͬѧǺϲУ԰Ϊ ǲҳֹ ֻ￴ߣ ̫˽ºͱ̸ۡ

Ҳǣ ۸˵Уԣ ϲءǼӪӪ֮ ҲôĵͬΪ ֻǸһЩ Կܻѡͬۡ

ݵĺͬѧ̸֮Ҷҵǵλ¡ǵλʵ̶ÿ˶Լϰߵλãһ㲻׻طԭǾͺϲĽ䣬 Ҳɹã˻ܿķ羰

ϧƫƧĽ䲢ܹ㹻İеʱڽֻ˾Ƨֺ۸

Ҷ£в۵ļһ˹ĸҲǷǳҵˣûأǾȲܳӪҶǸҲһʮָжǵĹ̬ȣҪҪٸǼӵ㹤

ѹեħ֮ĳҶѾȫΪڷĶΪߴءǹҲᾤҵҵԹ

ҶһĿĵ߰鷢һԱߴߴֱ߳ŭʼֹҶŻȻ˲ǵ

ʲôҶƤӶ̧򿪹俪ʼԼĵ̹ߡ

ǼʱĲͶ⼸ִﶥ塣ŹѪ׵ʾȻͼƷҶĹ䡣

˵ʵҶȻˣѹûȥ˵ʲôܹǴС˵ﳣ·ÿڻǵʱ򶼻˵ô䣬⡣̧̧־ֱӰ⼸˵С˻ȥһûܵӰ졣

ΪҶĲ磬ͰˡʱһͻأġžüˣǷ׷ŤͷȴΪڵ߷ʲô

ôˣ

ͬѧʾѯʣ޹󲿷˶ã϶ֱ۸ˡ

ոһòǱ˴ɣҪĻЩҲ̫ˡ

ţǱ߸ȴڻˡԼ֪ʹ֣

ȻҴңŵش󺰣У֣ӵţ

˵žŭŤͷܳȥˣ֪ҪȥֵܻҪȥ״

ġֵܡԱ߸һΧҶӦǳȥ״˰ɡʦǲ̫ܵˣȥǶͷϴ󸻶

ΧҶĸһʱ֮Ҳ֪Ǻã˵ӦҶһٵģΪֵܱȷǰɣֵԼˡҲָΪʲôһӦǴȥȥ״ڵǵѾˣûбҪæ

֮ദòرã໥֮ҲһЩĦҪ˵⼸˺ͶԷֵܣǿ϶̫ʵȻ˴˼ϣôҪҪæͺֵȶˡ

˼ȥջ֡ˣ˶ڣɶͿոǶֵٶȣԼҲסǱǰȡˡ

Ⱥ˼ݻͻˣ뿪ǰǵôͻȻôˡǰҲûԹûӮԿѹûнôϬ

ʵЩܵıºǽĸϴһܲסǸǸսһ˼򲻹һȺҲǺˡ

ۺȻǼͷֻܹڶԷѵֻǵżȻɹΣʱǲȥԶֵģһǿ̫ˡ

ܵҲͬĿǡΪԼ򲻹ɴȥȱ˳㻹еˣѹûƳԺҶԸա

ɢıӰҶû˼͸ˡ

һȺ˼ģսСѧ⻹ѧ˸ʱָУ԰衣Ҳʵָ̫ɲĹӲȻƷַӾ͵õһ˱һȺСϷǡ

ȵȣĻƺȤأ

35	5.5	ĵʦ

ȱĸûþͻˣ Ľȸһ

ǼҴҹģ ΪϿҪõĹߺͿαû־ˡ˿ȥģ һ·ϻͦϵġ

ҶԼʲôֵôżæŵģ ΪϿˣ Ϲû취ʰˡϾţ ҲϿʱͷ£ֻܿɼҲӡ

ѹûȥȺˣ ҶԹùߣ ˼ŽʲôĥţõʾŻŻ۵ļһǡ

ǣѹŭĸ߹ǹҪҹȥ𣿡

ҶƳһۣ˭˭ȥ

һҭ Ϊ༶һԵϲƣ ֱ׳ȶҵĵͷģ

ǡҶ۶÷ ôûˣ



ܳ ûһԽˡ

Ҫǲ Ǿһ ˭ĺá˵˲Ӯ˵鷳 вУҶЩƻ ħõֶΣԸ־ᶨЧ

ϵˣȫûʶע˵ʮֲѺãӮҶռˡһ ̾ӦҪҶԡ

һʦõĿҵΪݣ˵ҹ۸ˣ

ǽڿǳһʵΣʦָһǵ̡̲Ƕɵ飬˵ǿҵǿ¿ǰһмĻڡ

Ȼ¶עˣ϶ǲҪˡ˫һ£ɶΧ¿εʱ˭ɶȸ˭͸ռƣϾʽıٶЧҲԷ

ҶȻûôһСˣⳡӮˡ

ǵʦ⡰ħ֮ⳡԾѾǰд˽֡˭ħϴħأ˵һǶħ壬һħϲ𲻴

ҶŻ˵ħʱ˳ڵ˵СֶΡҲʲôĶĿ˼ϸħƣװ·

ħħ糣ħƣôǹκ;¡ҶԸĶһ£ħϣЧп˶˯ǰһءС

νУ֮µ޵ǰУΪ󲿷˶һӲɻ£һС¶˼˼ͷһˣֻбȽϹֵлõͷ

ҶȻϴСŹֻҪһۣ֤ȥ˯˺þʮصǡ

ĵȻˣڳ˭ҲףҶһ㶼û˼

Ҳ˵С壬ʦͬѧΪ鷳ͶǵĬøĸԽšҶֻǻȥجΣѾʴˡ

պùߣϸһħܣص˵ͷ

˶ħɵƮƮ䵭Եе㲻г֮⣬һж

Ю˽ˬ

36	5.6	ĵʦ

ҶĵɶȺܸߣ Чͬܺԡ˼ǿ˲䣬 ;һֲ̫ĸо

ָо·Ǳʲô̫õĶһ㣬˼Ҷֲǹ֣ ֻǶħѣ ħӦûб˵ϰ߰ɣ

Σ ͬѧ˽ʱҶеаԣ ̸̫Ҷ͸ԽͰѵܴȥˣҪѧУ ǿܻ᲻̫ŵܵĵط߶

εĴȻҶӮˣ ΪûôƷķ֮һûꡣ

ԭôҵģ֮ǰʹҪСĶԽʡʱ䡣Ҷɵ̫죬 ̲סһۣ Ȼû취ټоɻˡ̬һ ĵЧֱ» ÷ǳѿ

Сһֱͷ۸ͬѧģ ܵӰǳء˵ˣ ࿴һ֮Ҳ˶¿κҶ˭˭Ӯ һѷûӰˣ ѹ

õ˸Сһµı֤鷳֮Ҷ㡣ĵȻŵԴˡ

ûؼȥˣ˱ˡϾĿѾﵽˣ ⶫԼһͦӰסʶȵġͷǵûסû취ֵҶһѡ

ʳ¯ĵֱܺܿ˸ˣҵģǴħƵһ飬֤޷ЧŰݡЩҶһɡ

۰治˸ɵĻ

ħ˿ʼ˼Ҫôһݡټؽ

ǱѾˣٹȺˣҲӦõĽѵħЧʱȽϳƽܳһʱȺ˶جΡʱ̶ȣٵĿجξͽˣ¸ɶ˳²⡣

ôֻʣˣⲻԭһԡǰ飬ȻԡֱҲ̫ˡ

ĥһСʱ޹Ҷ˸ſڴϣڸõ㡣ſſž˯ˣٴѾҹҶ˸Ƿ𴲣ŪҹԳԡ

ҹʺϳտСϺˣϧѾ賿һ㣬Ӫҵĵ֮١ҶһȦûʲôθڣǷǶڵһ

ʱĥôȥûʲôȤĵӣǰԼ뷳ˣٶӡ

ˣ˹ʼʩ

Ҷ룬÷ڶ࣬þСԿ˸һѣһ룬ҲʰֻҪŵԣͿùˡ

֪ӯҶǲ̫⡣֪ıǳֻҪΥҼսµߣһҲȥܡ˵һƷӣ䲻ָֽһ¡

ã֮ǰԽȥҪȫ³òżƽЩʲôʱáȻҶ˶֮

Ҷ˼һƻûëҸʵʩȥС

⣬ԭڿҲܵʲôû֮֮ǸıֶΣͷ취Ҳĳޡ

ҧʲôģһǳȤ

취֮ҶҲˡز˲죬ɻ˴ϡ

ˣʱ˯Ϣˡ

37	5.7	ĵʦ

ڶһ磬 ҶͻȥѧУΣ ҽԺˣ֪᲻ϿΡҪ Ҷöȼ졣

˵òأ ûӰ쵽ĿҵȻе٣ ǹˣ ֻǾ״̬̫á

ƽʱڰ˼ʹϵв˴չȥֻǣ Ϊ˶ۣ Ⱥһϵʲô£ֱ˿Ρ

ûһе̲ˣʶһ䣺ǷҶ˵ûˣ

ȫ˲һ

ǻ ʶԼ˵˹ֵĻ æȣԲ ҽ鲻ã ô˵ġ

ЦЦ οû£ ˿ۣ ֳˣ һʱ䷳ҲǺġǾͲˣúϢ

˵˾һɢûٷֻǺı¿ηΣ϶Щģ Խһʱ䶼ûȥ

Ҷˣߵλ¡һƽӣû֮ǰ飬˸Ȥŷ붺һ

ԭĹϵòԭڰǰۣûѣڰϵõǸҶ˵һ㶼ͻأԼûɡ

Ψһе㲻˵ǣһԼЩĵܡǿѾ˼ģΪ˲֮Ĵȫˡ

δⶪֻۣ÷˲Ĵ㡣Ҳûͼһ£ԼƷʲôġ

Ҷװ֪ЩѧԭŤ˵ǰ쿴һź˼иҪļһ˱˵Ʒ˸˼һĵȥκͽ𡣽ԭ߷ˣϣ̫޳ˡ

һǺ˵ʲô˼ڰʾʲô԰Ӧò֪ЩСѵֻǵ˵ŶģǣһͲܶɹô

ô˵ҶȴŹ㲻˺ܶ𣿡

ӲˣȴòӲͷƤͣȷʵܹ֡

Ҷ΢ЦǰɣҲ˵ͶɹȡɱѧһҪԼĲŻȵȣĲҾոպеԲԣѵ֧ģ

⻰϶ܵô˵ϰ̼رʾԼܺͬۡҶһţЩˡ

ƫƫոյĳΧ۵ļͬѧе㻳ˣֻģҿ϶ȥԵģģ

Ҷ⣬ƭˣеĻҪ˳ػһģȻôƭ˷

õŵҶص߽ǵλϣûмҲǺݺ˿ͲҶϽߣٲ˵ЩֵֹĻˡ

ֻûз֣֮Χͬѧıӹˡһ˱ôʣǻĪͷŭģⷴӦôеɫأҷֲҲᣬ˲ŻòӦ֤Լɣ

ЩǵĲ²⣬û֤ݴҲö˵ʲôֻܳĬװ·һĿξֵֹķΧˣ¿һɿ뿪Ҷͣ

һߣҶĥô͸ϡ˽Ҫ治ѣֻһйص˱ᣬԼڱӣ֪ǵ︻ڱʹֶΡ

Ҷ룬û򵥵ķˡǵĵܣҪԼѪҲᱻҵľ绹һڿΣֻҪϿΣаԿ

Ժ˸Ķңʲô¶ɹ֪ΪԼı붼룬һ԰лȫƵģҶʮȷš

38	5.8	ĵʦ

ĿһͿΣ ϿεصȻһѧ¥ѧǵĵչʾ һ¥

ȻΪһθһ˵ܵ飬Щܶ˸ַӲС˵ĸ Ȼûκôģ ʲô ҲһȥĹ

ɲɣ ҶǿεĽҾһ¥

ڿʲôҶһ㶼ûȥںֻˬ

ûֻĴѧǲģ ¿ʱҶеδֿƺԼڼֻҪֺܶ౶ ִ̼ǳʱе̡

ۿҪˣҶֻֻʼ顣

ӿڴͳһСƬ У԰Ͻ֤գ Ȼ˼ҴӡӡȻǺڰ׵ģ Ѿ㹻ˡ

ñƬд Լ߽ûע⣬ ˢˢˢдˡͳҲû֣ дֽ û˷ֲԾ ΪڼǱʼء

ţҶպñ飬˳߳˽ҡ

ʱҶ˽ͷʼˡǳʱ͸Сġײһ Ȼڸŭ··ʱͻȻˡ

ͬѧǻûüӦͼһŭݵس˵չһѳȥȻȥڸļܡ˶סˣû뵽顣

εէһ伸ŭ򵨱ֱӱ˻ȥϸһò̫ԾֻһѣӦûô󡣴ҿ򸻶ʱЩѵڼҶ֪ʱ򣬸ҲԹ

Ҳµģ벻ΪʲôҪôƢһôģײÿطӦû𣬵⻹ͷһΪһ߳ͺ淭

ŵϵʯͷֻһжܻûüԼѪƷ

˺һŻȻŭ𣺡ҵӵţ

ֱʱŻָǣԼʲôǰһڣЩιȥ

·ǾݣʼһȺСܶУ԰衣Ƕ飬һһݣ䱾ΪǲֻǶԸĴͷһѣʵʵ˼ұҵˣس̶Ȳͬն

Ҷſڣ;ò棬ʼٵ̿ˡ

˵ʱʵӦÿʼجˣǻΪجεԵʲ񡣿ǡ෴Ϊ˯þήңʼǨŭˣйͰ䱾

ڸΪǼ仰ʰǻǿùˣʰȴһ㶼顣߼˭أѹûԼô۸ʲô⡣

γ˶ѭ˯ӱϱȴΪĹϵԽ˯ãٴμذ̶ȡһҶȥѧУʱ򣬿ľһȺήҵĺȦڻǸеֲƬֳ

Ҷ

ҶԼ۾ܵ˴̼ҪĶϴϴ۾鶼ˣҲʱԭŻˡ

ǻѧУѧǸɴ಻·ȥʵǲҪҹƾҲûôԼֲȱǮѧУĲģѧⲻֻ֮ǰʲҪȥſ뿪ˡ

ЩҶûʲôϵˣǷ˳򵥺ͶԷ˵˵ʱ䶼ʲôȻһ䣬뿪ˡ

УҶóֵСƬŵش˴ֵ֣֪ء

39	6.1	عħ

Դӽʦλ֮ Ҷû鿴ԼֵˡΪֵӦûǶ٣ ϾֶǿʼǵĿ죬ٶԽԽ ؼĽ ȴ˺ðΡ

ֵ84

Ҷеѽ⣬ ǵ㿪ϸ 鿴ԼôܵôġȻͷ֣ÿ綼ܵõʮҵֵ Ȼõˣ ǼܲסһʼŪĶࡣ

ʮĵֵѾ㹻ŷˡϾⶥ100ǳ֮֮⣬ܻ90˵ġ

ҶΪħ֮ ܵ˵ż Զһ˵100ⶥ ˵ʵ90ⶥ⣬ ûܳ90

ڣ Ҷ֪㳣֣ 80Ѿܲˡ뵱Ͱ͵ļˣ Ҳö˶˵ذӹô

һˣ ;ħףһѣ˳ǷһϢ

ûħ粢ûʲô仯Ͼһʱڼħ˵һգۡҶصħʱ ħ˧ĵָһ˫Ȼڷϡ

ħħħ֮⣬˧˧ħλһЩħ֡Ҷߵλħ˧ħģλȻħΨҶͻħˡ

Ҳ֪ħǳʲôԵʣԼħ˧ŮԣǿҶעҪһ°ɡȻûʲôãҶȻ̬ȡ

˧˧һ˶ħŮӡײ欣̸Цʮؽ˿˿ħȦ

ΪͬħҶǳϵԼռΪ

㡣ҶðλóˣȻ˿Ӱ첻ãָôͳˡ

ڳֻվ˽һ˾ˬ߿ˣԽҶʱ򻹲һҶͷСҶѽ

Ҷ

Ȼ͹ˣǲϰ߶ԷֶԴСѵ̬ȡֻ뵽ǰСôСҶʲôƺҲûôѽˡ

Ŀ𣿶ȥһػĴҳʼÿγԶŻ֮ѯʡҪ֪Լӳû۸費Ҫὣȥæֻع

ҶޱذԼ˵һ飬˵ĸ߶ȸģԼǡȥС˼֮ӵ˻Ѿѷŷˡ

ᵽʵĳ̵ͷʾɵòôٶ

ֵˣˡصǺ

ǾԺ֮ô࣬ꡣ̸ĿڣҶҶôջӦúúףһ£ȥ诽˵һ;ٰףᡣ

˵ͷȥߵſͻȻ뵽ʲôͷҶ˵ǰʱһˣ㲻ڣֻȥˡ֪ΪҲģһ١

ҲֻǸ֪һ˵뿪ˡҶѵЩΪ֪Ǽһġ

ɵ۵֣ҶȥС֮ǰŪɹڶأɵۻȥ⡣Ȼܵÿ죬ûɵ۶µˣ˳һٶ̫ˡ

ҵǣϵɵҶԷһ˾͹ӲŰˡôһ룬ҶԼֱǸ

ȥһˣɵۻںأϢȫҶʩķˡҶæͳѶ飬ѷˡ

ǴѶû֮ǰصϢҶѹ֪ʱɵûиʲôΪֻܼ֮װ·ɵƹѶ̫©ʼˡ

Ѷ飺

лҪ˵飺ίݣ㹽

40	6.2	عħ

ɵʱûзϢʣ ҶͰ׵Ժˡⱼһ꣬ ѵûֻͨ泩 ȻԼס

ħһ죬 ֱףῪʼ ǰص㡣

εףħĴ;ۻ࣬ ԭʼࡣħطŴ·ϲôڳȺħ裬 ɽô¡ʮħƳ磬 ַǷ

Ҷͼλħħ˧Χһ𣬹ɵǸԡ

֮ǰ˧˵Ҫȥᣬʵһһֵģѹ첻ЩԵȫƸ˧诣 λħһȻ  û˵һ䲻á

Ψһǣ ˧Ŀ̫ѳˣ ƫҪƴҶꡣ˵ղΪ٣ ҶԿ϶ԽԽóԵġ

ħʹ֣ ˧Ѿˣû˿

ΪħҶⷽҲȨģ ֻҪ˼˼һͺˣ˴͡ħõݹ⣬רŸΪԵġֻҪһ诽ĺڰȻͿԾζĿ⣬ ֱɡ

ԱԹؿͼһҶŤŤӣú󱳶붼롣

󣬳Ҳûзֵ⡣诽㣬ֱ׳ݱһȺħ֮󣬻˳˼ζ⡣ĶԼԱƱ˳ҲˣȻ˼ħĿ

̲סĥϴȻҶͳԱˣ֮Ѱ˸ˡ

صħûһɵ۵Ϣˡ

С𣿡ҶŬһƣöԷԼ顣

ɵ۵ͶӰһ룬ȻſڣǱߴѶ˵ʵĶӶˡ

Ϊɵ˵ģû뵽ھǲɵ硣Ҷ˺ðΣŷӦ˹ʲô£ҰҶӲɣٺô

ɵۣ

һΣ޻ҶͻȻһţȵȣʲôʱеĶӣ˵һĵأ

Ϊ˽硢ɽ硢ħ硢硢ͷ磬˽ǧСûɶ˵ģλһȨ˽罻Ķࣻ緽֮ظǼʣһֻɽʲôزŻ

ʣµħ磬Լϴ⼸ϴ֮ϵƽȶ΢Ȼ໥֮棬-Ѿãǿѡ

ħһֱһԸΪʺɵ۶һעû뵽һͽ

ʱֵ಻֪ɵ侲˵ոͻȻϵңҰæѰҲ֪˶ӡ

Ҷ̾īɵģȻˡϺ裬ѽ

ʣҶӡǶɵ

ûʵͣеļλ棬Էīģġ˵ΪԼͺһ򱶣Բ⻯ˡ

Ҷʮַѽ⣬ôܿɵ뵽һֻīĺںСͰ͵⣬Ҷ;áһruaĺûᰡ

ǰرruaǸʲôζruaruaɣ

ҶҲرʾҪҰæˣ԰ӡ

ôظǰǾ䡰Ϻˡɵۣ

ո˭˵˲¡ôϰæģ

Ǿô˵ˡҶŲôأֱİ嶨ˣȷλ𣿻˵ǵõ̺ʽ

ǵãѾȷλˣֻ֪һϾⲻС¡

ô϶ħ֮ģɵԭֻ֪ͨһ£Ҷ֪ôһ¡û뵽Ҷ˼˵ͱ䣬ֱǿƲˡ

ȻҶħɵһ˽֪ʵǸĺˣ⵷Ҹƻԥһ£ǰλøҶġҶ᲻ȥҲ˵׼ϾҶ·ԡ

һΣҶûзڣһСȥǧĳһ磬ˣҰɣǲȥˣұ֤ȫһë

ֵ޻90㣬Գô˻ῴܲŪҲûʧ˵ĻǾ׬ˡ

ǲɵ˵ʲôҶʹҴҽͨѶ˧˻󣬱һգʧħ

лҪ˵ΪˮòѳԼԼӵʣĿǰ֪Լʲô[]

41	7.1	֮Ѱ

лҪ˵һ(v)

˵ͻȻʱ룬 ԲŻʧٵġֻǰ ôӦвٴŶԣ ôױߡ

һ㣬 һΣ ֻһرʾԼˣ ͷҲûΪʲôŻ

ڣӶôһ£ ʱ˻ڱչز£ Ҳ˵ȥҡƵȥɽԮҲǹˡ

ʸȥˣҶѽ⡣

ɵҡͷ˵Ǳس

аɣ²Ǽġ

Ҷûٶ׷ʣ֮뿪ˡʵչ֮ܲСλã Ҷ㣬 ֱýˡ

γС磬 ҶȻ죬 ûٹ͵ִĿĵءûٶԭסݣ 缸ڻ ö֮ػȥˡ

Ҷصһ丽 ǸԭʼС硣ɵ۵Ĳ㣬 СΧ

ûƬϸѲһ飬ȷС̵ľλá֮ԭǴˣ ˲ſڡ

ʡŵˣûмһֺֻСˣҵĺ⸽߶ˣѾüˡ

ӵǺƭӣԲûлҶĻһۣԥһ£һ˶˵ͷ

ǰʱǲȷʵһֻСˣǲȷǲĺӡ

Ҷʱ¶ϲɫģ̫ˣܰҿ𣿡

ԡˬشӦˣкԶĳȥС̴

ôڼ䣬ҶͰԼıõĹ˵ҪǽΪʲôᱳź⸽ôСİѺŪġ

Ǻٻ뿪ԼĲȥˣΪΣ̫࣬ȷǷԳԱů˷ãǱԼĲϳȥġ

Ҷ˵ԼһԸһǿİ£ǡǶʱˣ¸ɴͺͶ˵˵Ļ˺֮һ֮´ź뿪˲䣬ȥס

û뵽·ʱѺӲɽԼȥԣӾȻ͵͵ˡ֮ûҵԷҲŻʡ

˱Ƶһһ㶵ģͬذǸ䣬˳ͬһǸӡҶװĸƵģȫ¶ڣԼ͵˺һģһˣɲʵӻ᳤úʲһ

ʵ֤Ʋûд󣬹һһˣûֱӰѺӴǾشҶü¡ȷҶ֮Ҷ͸ȷҶ˵ǲ滰

Ҷѹرһֻ޴ĺɫˣ˿ص˵ͷʾ˰ѲںĺӱʮһֻཱུС̱˳

ڵֻСʳ򣬵ǿϸܹҶɵķʮơƾҾȷҶСԵϵˣϾ˺ͨ໹еģģ

˰С̵ݸҶȫû״Ҷֱӽӹruaһѣ̾ͱָиˡ

ȻСһ㶼ˣ

42	7.2	֮Ѱ

Ȼ綼˵ʵĶӡ ʵﶼ ѹʲôʱʡΪ̰Զĳõɹ ŻСʱģ

Ϊʣ ԴҲûĹİΣ Ҳû뵽ȥû뵽 СʵҲۿۣ׾ٵؾͱʱˡһ·磬 ڼ·һعͲϴ» ûѵ֭³

ͷתСʱʧȥжſڲݴﷴʡԼӦò졣˳ԼΪʵȻѹﲻҹ˺͸ɴǶˡ

Ȼ ɼҰҰ˵ǵ߶̣ ˲

Ҷ˵ĳȻǼǵõģ Ȼħ࣬ Ҳħ֮ϲҶͻȻ ׶Էˣ Ǳȥ

 ΪʲôҶһҪ˵Լⲻվ𣿣

̫ˡ

СҶһڣ ϧ۵СɱޣƲҶĺƤôһģϺһûʲô

ҶЦruaһѣֻСֱŤ

Ƕе᲻ôɰС뿪 ˵Ҷӵ֮Ҷڲסһʱ䡣

ǵĿĵĸ䣿ʵԵĻҲܼǲ䡣

ҶҡҡͷһֱȻѡ¡쵹û⣬ÿԳô˻ruaһruaСɰ

ָһ㣬ôӳȥʮӦˡʮ컹ûСӴȥ̫ˣ໹ڲ졣

ϧƺû֮ӣ˵ĸҵǸɲˣǾרruaСӰɡ

ǡڲĴɽסˡ

仹ʮԭʼûԹֲֳˡסĵطǿɽﲻݵƽʱûԱ

Ȼû취ģزչ̣˳̵ֲֽûʲôġĿǰ˴½ĵشѾвٲ俪ʼֲׯˣֻǱ΢ƫԶûѧհˡ

ʲôҪΧġǸеһԸذˮС󽻸ǣԭʼĸֻ͸ּɿ޷Ҫ

ҶСӴյ޶ȥѯǸʲôҰˡ

Ϊɼӵ޴ѾаµģҶִźӣĽӽû޵ľ˵ĵ⡣Ҷ̫ɹˣ˶ΪˣûҰµͼ

Ҷ⣬ȻЩȣҲû˽ָͷѸҰȫϸһ顣ҶġèˡʶԼ˼¡

ԭʼֲƺͺЩѧ϶һûκ塣ֻпʵȷĸҵġ

û취Ҷֻʱƺļƻɼһȥҿ

㲻ȥ𣿡Ǻܾȡ

ҶҡͷҲʶҰˣ֮ǰһֱڳ⣬Ѿˣ뻻ζ

޷ݳ޵ĿζǿܳԱ㲻ˡҲûܾͬҶļ롣

43	7.3	֮Ѱ

ϣ ҶСסɽ

ɽƤ ȻرżסҲһζҶƵƤ ͻȻԭʼ˵ˮƽͦġ

ౣСضƤϣ һҪҶúĵļơ

ҶƳһۣ  ɴ಻ƤС񣬱ѵëëΧţ ʮˬ

Сˣ ɵҶԴϣౣ

Ҷʲôౣ˵ʲôҲǣӻ˵أ⡣ҪȻҵˣұְ֤

⻰ʱСըëˣ ϾֲҶڮԼ ƭ ЩҶˤȥ

ǿסΣ ûжˡǳ֮⣬ ʲôˡʵ̫ һس̫ˡ

ΪĹϵ Сһû˯ ҲҶ˯ȻҶ˵˯㲻ʲôСŻͦȤġ

ڶһԼȳŲסˣС˯ƤһѡҶҲù ˸Ӹ緹֮ԹԳȥˡ

ɼӵ˳磬ҶʱʱáǽҪߣԶһЩɼԶҰˣΪѾ챻ɹˡ

һ·ǶڸҶⲻͬҰ˵ص㣬αЩܳЩܳԡҶˣʵѹû

ǿԶ˵Ǿ綾ĶԲҪѧϰЩҪΪҸڸҲڻװģˡ

ûҶͷһĸʵͺ֣ؼҰüáҶһ˿ħ̽һ£ֲﲻҪô¿龥ֻ֮ҪѿԼдУǳʺֲ

ĿҵˣҶԼøɵľ͸ˡ˲죬ΪرֲһѾܺˡ

ָҰ˵ǲֲҰˣܺġʵҲǳࡣⶫǳ򵥣ǲҲֲĻԺӦòô˰ˡ

𣿡־ϲ

˵ֲǴ֪ҪôǰҲԹԼ֣ǲ֪ʲôԭӺٷѿջҲ١ֿ龥ֲǲ֣ΪǸ벻ԭԲӡ

ļ죬Ҷһ̵ֵ߽أһ۸С̡̲˵˻ɾruaÿʵëܼ-ͦȻܸߣͺˡ

СȻˣôˣֻԵһ¡Ҷ㷴ϣֱֻŤ

ruaruaˬȫûǹһ׵ô졣С̺޺޵Ҷһһʣһָ̾ҪҶÿ

ȻһֱҶֲ뿪磬Ҳûҵᱨʲôʱָܻ˭Ҳֻ֪ܿˡ

44	7.4	֮Ѱ

СԭΪ뿪˽֮ ԼͿԻعĻˡʵ֤̫ˣ ħ֮Ƥֱȳǽ

Ҷȷʵһħ磬 ǲϻǡʵǿ ҪĴͳͳһٶȥ һҪӵļơ

Ҫۣ Ҷ˵ԼѺŪˣɼһ㶼ģ ȻܺúչС ǾͱܰСãһͰ͵

Ī˸Сẉ̂

ô˼ӱչСӵˮ׼ģٴֲڣҲruaͺļruaҪðɣ

Ϣˣеϣָܾʵħ֮ж ٸҪˡ

ЩǼģ Խ뿪 Խ߲

ȥ ҶһһҪĴ ָǰæ島˼ƤֱԭҪֳС ֳ˱֮ǰŵ ӻûܱ

˵ǣ ûȥħʳˡ

Ǹݹħ̫ãƽʱħרӣСǡħɶӡҲõ⿵Ȩô˴꣬ 쳹׸ˡ

ǳԼȥˣҲӦϾȺëѪļһ￾ⶼãΪ˲ʳòɹ䵱ͣԹôζʳ

Сʴ˿ʼʱ˳°ӻȥĿԡ

˼죬ķ׵뷨ħǶħҳ϶û˵ܲ߷ɹġĥǽţ뷽跨ӳ

ϧ˶ûʲô츳˼ȥֻܴɽƸ³˻ȥֻǳʦͳʦ֮ҲвģɽȺ˵մʱȲħǸȥԲߡ



Ϊʳ̵̬ڿʼˡ֮ǰϼ룬ÿķҲرӦ£ճһ֣ʵġ

ҶȻּɡʵʳƾԼ߻ģҪȻΪħרӻħģɶԵ

˵ϷԾڣҪʱүƫ㡣㲻Ҫʱˡ

ȥ̺Ȼһ췢ΧһжСˣӦ˵ԼˡﲻܿƵҲ±˳ָĶĶˡ

̣ŶˡվԭӦ˺һӣڽԼָʵǵһʱӿͷĲǿϲǿա

ƺܲ䷹أΪ䲻̬ԺҪʧˣõĲ䷹ʱһȥ

Сеʹôģ

һԼΪ˿ڳԵ𣿺ðɣڡ

ĿǰѾˣǳԲģ˱ȷûбĿܡܲΪʳȥɹٶȱСɡ

ܳɹ˵ؼɹĸġһǱС˭֪һػ᲻ɵʾðճԲ㣬øĵԼΪʳԸ

ۼҶҪˣֻܲ鲻Ը͵͵뿪ħɲ»ᱻҶЦ꣬ߡ

45	7.5	֮Ѱ

ҶصħʱûҵС̣ ȴʲϢԣ ʳذѶӽӻȥˡ

ҶһҲ̫ˣ ͵͵֡

ʵ ˵˭˭ӮħǾסʵģ ԳϢȥȥ ˵õѡ

ҶףǱСˡ

ҶĥҪҪȥ° ǵǹƥ˴Ӫƺ̫ã ɹҲߡҪѧʵ·͵͵ڰ͵п

ֻǣҶ̫ȷԼܲҵᡣϾԼõľУ ѱ㡣ֻҪСЯ Ҷûл֡

ȻҶһֱã īɵûʲộ ӦҲһʲôġǲһһ ҪȻõ˭ָеĵ Ҷƻвͨˡ

ħĥ죬 ûǵȥԣ һʵ̡һҲûʲôʧ˰һ¡

˸Ƶ͵͵磬ʵĹ

֪㲻ãҶִʱʳšֻɵټıͣ ģȻе㿡㣬ɫҲëôģһС

ؼǣûӳ

ҶƾϢȷû˾ͻ˹Сò㣬ӴôãѾϤ˶ԷϢ

״̬ϢǴζģͳƵȫͬɷֱҶҲǿƲȷʵ׶ӣʵһʼôѵء

Ȼ빬֮Ҷͷ鲻ԾȻû﷢һǰ̵Ϣͺ̴ûһ㣬֪ǲǱʲطˡ

ҶֻȻħ磬Լڼ￪ʼ̵Ĵλáʵʿ㣬Ҷֱɵ

ʮӺҶԼҪĵصϢһ뿪ħ硣

֮ҶһʡûʲôԾģϾҪҵʵĶӣԷĺʱʱҲһֱûʿҪòԾ

Ҷһ㶼żڸ뿪ٳ֡ȰȣȵԶڿԶֵʱȴȻһ¡ôҲûСӵϢ

鳬ҶԤϣûͼڸѰСӣ˼е׳ʲô©˼ȥÿСϵϢ취ˡ

Ļ͵øϸĲַѰˡҶú鷳ѾΪ˸ô࣬;ϵĻǿˡֻӽв㣬ֻһʱ㵽˾λá

һ˷һö۵Сֱֱس̵ķȥֻҵĿ֮Żʧ֤

ҶŹƵسǰȥ֪˶ãִʹ˹ҶҲ˽ȥȴЩɻСôôԶˣѵʵһֱ˴Ĵ߶

ʱͣҶʶ̧ͷȥֻͷҲصײ

Ҷ

ŶһòǸСϢ֮󶪽ռɣǻûǱԷռ͵ӡ

СҲʵĸ֪īԾü̽ˣȻͷ˶ڲԶҶͻȻ¶ҶεسԷЦЦ׼֮󼪡˭֪ȴŹ³ɺͬʱӿīӶˡ

¡¡ƹॣѵ

ֵֹĴ󶯾Ǻ֪طǱʹϴˡ

λ

лҪ˵ϺѺƽճٵûٵ㶫ʵĹɹôʵԺܿ˷档

ԼҷˣīˣԽ׺ݡҶеܲһûû˵ļƣͼһ͵ȻһֱûܳɹŴҲ˻Ҳˣ׺һա

ֱɵϢҴҸȰܣһŹڽʹǳûˣŸһƬ˸һɶ

ҶĪԼİչôọ̃һﲻжҲˣȻִˡīǲ˵ס

ɵȰͷ󣬸оȰˣǷֿˣǰҲôֻҪ棬Ӧûάֱƽġ

Ҷϴ󲻸˵ػħ磬īʶԼҶܻ˷۱ûһسӲ˵ȥһѪ

㲻ƽīĳշһֱСķʼȥħ䷹֮󣬾ɢˡҶС̻ԼruaˣҲȵĲٺʼƽǴε顣

ֱĳһ졪

Ҷ䶫ԵС̺ȻʧЧ˲ɴˡ

ī

Ҷ

ͷԴһͼȺŪȥҶޱؿǺ

īԭ㣡

ȫꡪ

صС˵www.27txt.com ȥС˵
½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ