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½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ

ԭʼݡߣ̷ɢ

İ
ԭʼž޵»һۣͺԼĲзɷԼ׼Сһ鱻ɨسš
ֻ໴ޣϱΪֲʦһѺóյӴ˿ʼҺ֮·
Ŀ:ܻӭĲ͹ݣζʳޡ

PS
1.һ㶼ȱٴëѪԭʼ硣
2.ܡǺ֣ӷҲ
3.пռ䣬ָ󿪡

ݱǩ ռ ½ Խʱ  
ؼ֣ǣ  ǣ   
һ仰飺޸žޡ 

Ʒ
ĩֲʦԭʼž޵»һ۾ͺԼĲзɷԼ׼Сһ鱻ɨسšΪҺڣռֻܵ໴ޣӻҲ䵽Ǽ䣬ݣʳ׬ޱң̡ǾΪΪճʳģдȤʳ̻ӱĩԽԸϣͨŬճܰˣڵȤֵһƷ




1 
ۣ峤»𣿳ÿÿ
ãǺá峤Ժֻ಻٣
ǿ峤Դ峤Ѳ󣬲֪жٴ˶峤أƵΧ峤ķתƣϧͷһûóѣǱⲻ֪Ķðˡ
ЩҲͦġô뵽˴˾ôã峤ȴѡ˸Լһˡ
治֪峤ϲӲдƽⰡҪģĳС𣿡
ҲνˣѾ峤ˡ
ҲԽԽð

쳴ˣ峤ͻȻҪˣŻ

˭˵峤ˣǺ˵˵峤ܲ𣿡

ϣһ㻹浱Լ󰡣Ǹķޣ˼гԺȴסĺӣƮҲŶѽ峤ҪȻ㣬Ļǿ϶ǲ뿴¡

峤ϡ
һ𡭡ߡ
ץס

һŭȷ·Ժը죬͵˫ۣûס˿
˻
۵񱻾޴ͷ˸߰ƴʹ˵Ӳöˡ
⡢ʹ˵ҧҧֻԴʵܲˣһһۣԿ˸룬Դɸӣǧٿףڡ©һʹҴܣҵĻһ̼֡֡ʹ̡
ݺüԴȻ첲΢΢̧һ㣬ſſȥ
žһ£첲ľײ΢ȴӲĶ䡣
ǲˣɤ洫ߴٵȥ
ʲôÿģ˾СͷŮش𣬡Ȼܷǿ϶ûˡ
ǿһ۰ɡ˽˵˵ûһĸˤľأ
鷳һ䣬ײĽһۡ
˵ĹסԵĶʹǿһԼĵطͷԼòǱʲôװһܴľ
ȫǰɫľɵľ䡣ľ⻬ƽһδ񣬹߾Ǵﴩ͸ġľ˶ѵһǵһһСûòײſŵĶ
ӦߣԴֻܿŵһȴ֣ڵƬ͸ŷ⣬ֲɢɢĽɫߵ㡣
ȣС߾ֻСĴָϸССһ磬һֻ־װ¡С߲ûгƬƤϣŶ̶̵İɫë֪ǲǲߣСߺȻ̧СԴķ۵Ͳŵء˻¡
СеͿûסĵһ
ʱľͻȻˡкϣʶüͷ
ڰġŮˡ˵漴Ųӽ˴ǵͷԼһۣĬ˼룬̧Ķϡ
һŵۣټ޵ֱʹ˹ȥ
ĴǳһĨЦ顱һ˦ľ˳ȥ
ִˣʡ
Ϊǰ峤ܾһԱ˶ڱٱȴܺ峤ǸʮֵĲ֪峤ͬϵòٷϣǸ޽Ҳǳ⣬ô˵أ˵ϲǰ峤ܾñǷѹһͷ
ȰŪˡ
֪֪ķذڰ֣ԹҾ벻ףΪʲôƫƫҪչǰ峤˲𣿡
ǰ峤ҲһŪʡ£ȴҪŶԷһ˵ˣҪˡ͵Ŀĵˣ峤˼ܲµõġ
ƲƲ죺˵Ҳԣܳʲô£Щľ޶ţҪҲֲ
ЩߵȼľˣϲԼͬ¶Ľ

ٴѹʱ͹ȥ죬ûָ˴ľ˵̸֪ġ
ûǾ
ǰΪľϵߣĩֺؽУΪֲʦΪ۵εһһ۲Խԭʼ磬Ӵ˱ˣΪں˲Լļ䣬˵ڶܡ
ܵľԵѸȬǾҪٹȫﵽ۷ֵ
ܵ˵Ȼܶþ͵Ϣġ
ϧ˵ָҪô첻ԣһԾҪ뽻Ϊ˷ֹܣÿζǾ͵֣̽ߺ߹鱼ţüľҡ˯˹ȥ
ǵģľľҰ׶೤һ׶ߣͷĸǣֻʪĴ۾ԵִֺëѩףҲܼ򵥴ֱͽѩëޡ
˲ɤŽе࣬պͨͨɴε
˲䰲
һζţľܳϣԺﲻԼļȫ塣
ȷȷʵʵԭʼ磬ֻǺϱ֪ǸЩһ
Ƭ½Ұ½½ǿĲ䣬ֱ粿Ჿ䡣֮⣬дСС䡣ˣΪԺʹԡʮֵңµˣôҲ۵ġ
ռݵ⸱ǣᲿеһ塣
ۿ˲࣬츳ܺáΨԭǸ⣬ֱӾͿ˵ͼ޵Ľ׶ϡ
νͼ޽׶ΣʼꡣѷʽܴαΣҲ廹ǵһ֫壬κμת
ԭܱˣȻ˺ȴ뷽跨ٱ䲻ˣھʧܣԭ̾ͱУججɹʮꡣֱǰʱ䣬粿һȻһ壬˫˽ﲻ̶֪ЩʲôȻԭͱһ塣
˵ǽԭʵѹԷ峤涼ûͶ峤һѪ˽ʽʽһüԭûλ峤棬˺ֱͣӷܣٺҲûֻʣ䳰ȷ
ԭʱԣܡ;·󴳵ʲôطе֪λ峤ԭ˻ԲѡҰĲһ˳ô˸Ͻλͬʱºǰ峤ϼˡԭɺײǵļƻԷòǰ֣ԭԭȵ峤峤һߡ
ԭڱκܵ˵ľġ
ҲûԼҲ˵Ͼûԭ֪ɢϢ
ΪԭĬĬһ˼ô졣ãľ͡⡱ͣ£ִĿĵء
ţͬ˺УһԶһ÷


2 
ʲôƵģ˽£Ҳȥڵϡˡ˼Ȧ᲻ߵƣƺϰҪǵ۾ؽ˵Ƥʹ˲һĭԼģش꼸¾ȫϴ˱֡
˾ôż뿪ˡ
þԹһĻĻϯʱҲûô
ľûʱųľһֱˣĿǳһС·սһƬϡϡסլһҵķţ߳һͷšǻԷӴӹһƤµ˵࣬ϳһЦ
ָָλãƤӵͷƨץһѣĿ뿪
Զתͷڵķ򣬴³һڡ

ðȣһˡ
֪˲Ժ˾ͻҲ磬֮ҪľǾκƣָܻĿ״̬
ôܾȬ
гһЦȻҪ벻ϱӸⱲӣԽʱҲҪһĿռ
ϱܳΪ𾴵ֲʦŬ˵ֲռͬûĩȻ֣Ҳȱ١Ļõռ౦ֲֹ߲ܴ࣬ƷֲĿռ͸ϡȱˡԼֻиĿռ䡣
ĩռ϶ܴʳʳʳˡȵĩһĵһ¾ȫԼĿռ䡣ԺȲٷͨũﲻҪԼ֣ͿɾռֲƬռȫֵ
ֲϸĺϲǱȶԴԼҪġΪʲôȻԽɲΪ߲һչһҩֲ
ٸһĻᣬһԥѡ񡪡ڸġ

ܴﵽ̶ֲȵģٶ߱ͬЧáռֲ˵ռ˰ٷ֮٣ٷ֮ʮеġƵĲ٣̾뵽ĳһֲ̽Ǵһźʹȡ
Ȼһʹסˡ
ֻ뵽Լ˾ܣȴΪϱӲǾߣ˾ܺͿռ֮йϵġ
ܵĽ԰ռ
̲쿴ĿռܿͶԿռĸıȻġ
ռڿֲԭȷ̺ܴٽֲ߽׵Ҳԣ˲١һȥͿкֲܶ˵ȼ
ռȻĸӰҲСһЩܲס䲻ֲȫЩԷһڿռʳ·ƷȵȣʧҪɾжɾ
ӿſռŵʹһεǲˡҲʧܻռʧһ߼ֲԸ⣡
ҪĴѾãܶ壬۵òܶû̫⣬ֻҪѿǳصˣԼϵĹͷκþС
˼򵥣ЩϵĹͷе鷳ˡ
֪˭⸱ӵĶϹǣǱˮƽͲ̫ңټϴŲôΣеĶϹǶӵôһЩζҲһϿڽӵûģǴһ㣬Ǵһ㣬ĶϹǽӺҲָԭȵӣëҪ١
ߵģҪͨһأӹͷϵڣĶϹǶһС֡
ô죿ֻŪؽӡ
ֹЧֲεʹһ׼Լʹº֡
һһŪϽӺãþʱ̹עԼĲҿ
ãԼˡ
ϹǣһȡСӡָǴСĹӣССһţԲͣ½£Ƭ̻һɹ֫ٺʣƤʹʧϹǵλӿһ޲ֽȥʹϰ졣
ѵ˿ʮӣʱʪȫǺǿռûõֲܲסЩֲЧá
³̴ӵ𣬴֪Ҫס೤ʱķݡܹ۲飬ʵΥ˵֡͡
һ֡á
ԭʼ磬رסʲô¥ãլ뷨׼סԭе񡣲ƤϴӣηŴܣˮͣƮѩѹܲȻ
䷿ľ彨ģܿóʱģϧ̫©粻˵ҡҡ׹Ĳ֪ʲôʱͻˡһֻн²ȵﳤӲݡһȴǿľ壬֧йߣϷĵ˯ŵĻ˲һˤý˿ÿ
Һã¾ѵľ̽鵽ⷿӻһ㡣
ǸסأȻʵЦ
վķǷӶ㣬һ̤أ桪
߲Զиľ壬µһ㣬Ǹĵض
ضòƶҪҡ
ľ壬ų̂ûӣҪȥֻⲻ£һԾضضȶϺܶ࣬벻©©꣬𶯹ضŴһŰӣ򵥣ľӼӼ׮ʯվͳɡ
ѵ˰죬ڴҵһĲϯһʯ롣
ûûǰѡֻôš
ضӳһԾԵ棬Сˡæ߹ȥȥеҪԿס
ͨƳɣⱲҲľϵ۵֣ͽֶϵһŤͱŤˡӴ򿪣ȴûôˡǾ˵ڶܲľϵȴˮˣȻһľϵܣֻܵȼߴ͹ˡ
ϵܳ⣬ӵĻԾ
ʮ׳Сһ£˻ӡ
ţԴӣ
Сһ˫ڶۣɫͫϸϸһߣ濴塣С΢΢Σſϳɵؿһҡҡڰ̽ųķ˹
£Сһۡ
£Сһۡ
ֱȷûвͷĲߣϲġ˻ӡһѸűߡ
мȴȥۼֽֿסսϸȥơ
˻~
˻~
СӡѽСִսһЩһͿߵĲͬ
СͷС⣬ɫС㣬׺ӡıССĹİȥЩӲСȣϸϸݸƵġצûгɣָġСߵͺܴѾСݡ
˰죬֪ĿͶǰ峤ˡ
ܾܲɣԼҺɣ²ȥѶԷﱧ˳
峤һ֣㱻ѹſ̫̫̫ˣŰ£һľϡ
շźã顱شˡ
ˣûû
ŵϵǰ峤Ŵ¶һβͣһðð˲׵⣬þ鿴һ¡
ֻ˵̫ˡ
ֻܱ˿ĵطƬЩΪ岿λһööƬ̵ذεѪģ˵ҩ֮඼ûͿĨŧáͿֳζĲҺֹ˷˶ôأڲһͿۡҡ
㹻ٴεˣԷȴǿڡǧٿף־ʼղɢ
ܲİɡ
뵽ԭκöԷһ֮ĽģһһҲ⵹ڣɷޡ
ɳΪ޺ʲô
ͻȻ뵽Ѳǰ峤ˣλǰ峤Ϊܵˣ
˻ӡСߴ֫Сצצ˰ԼĶƤ
𣿡ʡ
˻~
Ǿɡʶأ˵Цһ


3 
˵һ£ѵɷΪ֮
գƮƮ˵ɡֵһͱʵݺݴ
ûʳô
ûǵʯɷı£Ҳûƾ˵
ȥռңϧѾڿռʱˡ
ռֲֲ֮⣬ζʳͬһ󰮺á
ϱΪĩȱٺȣֻܽĿռ䱦ڻʳԼֲ߲ũֲָλǲ̫ġĩʳȱٲ⣬ͰԼռֲ߲˵ȵһԶȫֲǰǶȹĩĿռ䣬ͻȫֲֲˡ
Ŀռֲռаٷ֮ʮûȴЩĵضǵġô򵽻ҵֲĿռҲûеġϾռֲ޵ġ
ռеĶǲ̫øֲ
ЩֲִܷΪʳúͲʳ࣬пʳõֲࡣʳֲΪֲеĸֲͬЧãҩֲࡣ
ϱӲǾߣҩҩѧҲûʲôȤ෴ΪϲʳǸľϵߣֲ׺ߣѧҩǾҩֲʳʳǰܵȼͣռҩֲʳáԽһؽǰΪһֻޡռڵҩֲͳ˿Զ۲ȡԵĹˡ
ʵûȥǰǲġ
̥ëûʵСȻͬС
ʣµǰ峤ˣƵҩֲǼߵġߵĻᱻѱ峤ǿͻʵ壬ҩǰ»塣
ʱĳԺƷ񱻻ٳٳҩֲ֣ܳԵľֻһֲ

һֳúܸߵĹغɫĴ׳˺ϱ֡ҶӸƵģܳĹһŲСƤ̣еװ˺ɫĹ֭Ϊ֭ζûʲôҲΪ˻ĩлԺҲȲĿ֣ǱȡΪ
ĩҿȴһ㲻ң˾ѼһЩ¡

ӿռժһſֹʳָһŶܱ߹Ƥ˺һЩȻСС߷ŵ˹ϡ
СŶۡ˻~һ£ذСԴ̽˶档
Ҫ𣿡ʳָָСߵԴŵĿֹбСͷ֭ܳζ
Сһ£ͷɿƺе㲻Ӧֵζ̽ͷ˦˼¡
ú𣿡ĵʡ
ǻӦһС⻰Դ棬˹˹˼ڡ
˻~еúãжʾԿֵĽܡ
׼ϲǲϲʵ̫ˣʲô㡣
ϲôأûʳʱܻˮܱȶǿɣ
С߶ӹһЩͲˡҲûŵ˴ԱߣСȵʱ򣬴ӴֱҪ̫Ѿܺȵ
ιСߣͶ˵ǰ峤ԷԴ϶ѹҪιʳȾҪ˯ˡ
˵̫أٶȻٶúãܲܲԲȰɣԲУҩԾ͸ˡ֪ŲʹпܼƣǲòӲС塣ܺãҲ¶
˵ߣúܽȵĴ¶ųһͷ
λǰ峤üͷ
ϵƬûбɥĲҲγ۾ȴˡ
һҳ˺ۺݺݻƤ渲ǵıƬ÷顣էһȥλǰ峤˫۷·𱻸ѳ롣˿ûн裬ʱʱľͻʺѪ
ֲ˲֮ǰԴȥĵطۣǶѪһ𣬲֪۾ϵ˿Ѫ࣬ϵҪࡣ
ǰᶯߵ壬ЩѪģĵطȻһ飬ƶ·ֿٶᳶһЩѪһĻٲģԷȫչȷѡ
˻漴˸ʱ䣬һѴ߶ѵƽڳһǵضŲ¡λǰ峤ʮ׳鴲嶼һҲŲ¡
֮峤ι˿ֹͱյò΢ʹ֭˳ֻкٱȥһ򵥵ʶһ¡
ҩֲãԼԵֺӵáֲֽռȼ͵ģһֲȲ˵ŵ㣬Чüº͡
ȡʮŸǰ峤ι£Ƭ̣𵽵ñԼȻҪˡ˵һָ˵϶ֻ𵽻ʹЧ
û취ֲȼ峤˵ʵȼز
ʣһ˸ſֹսռ䣬ȥ̽Ϣ˳ҵʳġ뵽ûҲĵһţĽСڷ룬Ѵ߷Ž˿ռضȻһʱѲõĿռ䱻֡
֪ΪʲôĿռöȥȴ˽ȥڿռҲʱƣһ¾ͱŷŷ硣
СߵĻԼϡ
Ȼˡ
ȥȥסլȻԶԶƹ˵һžסΧ
ƬסլһþִɨʱҪöࡣ
ԼסǶƷӣһסһȼãԷƬķӱķǿޣ١
߳ƷӷΧƬܴ֣˳ĻֻҪʮӡ·Ŵ·߼ףܿһ˵ľۼ
һͷ˵ƷӲͬһߵķӲʵʵľͷһ㵽㲻ȡ
ԶԶľþֵúܣϲǣһξ뼸ͻʳһ㶼ûʳȥԼܾܿ͵öӵĵǣʵȷϣⲻǸëѪԭʼ硣
ĵûע⣬Ψһǵע⣬ҲΪǸף
û취ү͵ġô壬˵òλеһ򣬶Եټͷ
Ƭۼش˲ô࣬󲿷ûĲϲϲڹ۲׶ΣûʲôšˣǻǸϲԱͬĴԡ
ֱսʳĵط߱ŽֱĽ
⣡ԵĴ⣡ﻻ⣡
⣡²ĳ⣡ﻻ⣡
⣡׽Ĺ⣡ﻻ⣡
⡭
⡭
⡭
һ·ʮ̯ˣʳﶼĳ⣬Ļһģһеĵ⣬еõ⡣ķΪ֡ը
ʽ࣬ζŻ
û̯ǰͣȿһȦ˵Ƭ̣˲
ס۹֭İס۹֭
Ұķǳóԡ
񵰡

ЩʳܲµʲôЩûʲô˼·ˡס۹֭¹ĳְɫĩˮݵĹ֭սһƣȷʵִȭͷĹȡİɫĩŹ㣬ܷĩûζģˮҪŵǲźúȡ
ǰɫĩ˺ðΣ֥ͬһ㳢ζ
ⲻ𣿣
ϲصɴ۾ѯĶġ֪ûУǶԷԼֵģϾһҪ򣡾ǲ֪ӵضƲϯʯܻܲ
𰸿϶ǡеġ
ԼռĿ棬ܽģǺܲ㡣
ʲô취أ
˼Ų񵰵ϡôˣȫԴʱƬﲶҰޣҵʲôİýĵط룬ͱѹ˼ٱ顣ȥԣڵʵ̫롣
ҵʳģƾĳգܺܿ콻ԼҪĶ


4 
ۼغִֹܴһȦ󣬶Լ֪Ҫ೤ʱĵطҲһ˽⡣
ĿǰƬۼأģ൱ǰسǣֻռҪϱӵسǴϲ٣סҲࡣ
ԭļ䣬йʱӱǶϢ֪سǡľۼҰ½ģԲͬȺӣֱΪҲ䡣
ȻҲģľۼأϱӵĳУĻȫĳһǿȺΪÿǵķٳ̶Ⱥ͸ж׼Ĳֱ𱻸費ͬǼ
˵ÿڸﶼûʳǼ¡ǲ˵ʵԼѹ֪ȥôǼɶУ˵Ӷ߶ʵʳζḻǿ׳洦ɼ׷׷ꡭ
ȻȡҪϢžͷһ𾪵ĿϢ
Ǽн̵С̵ѧУ
ǼĲ滹нʮ굽ʮ˼ܵѧУ
ԭʼѧУ
ǿѧУҵԭʼ
ΪԼ֪Ǹ
˵Ƭۼز󲢲ʺϳþסĦȭƲ֪ʲôʱҲĵһţͺ治֪ڴĵֺţͲס̫뿪źá
Ҫ뿪Ǽֲôѵ¡
Ŀֻ뿪ɽιӾСĿڱĻҲ䣬ǾҪ׼ĿǼĻҪǰ׼Ķ͸ˡ
˵Ǯ⡣
ҲճĽ׷ʽﻻЩٳǮϼѡһѪʹ
޷ΪȱǮǮڸȱ
ɫһЩʱ뿪ۼطסȽСĵΧŷӸ˿û취ʵŴԽۿۡûзֵĺۼŽݺһ飬ȷһŵûƿľ˵ض
ƶ߻ƼأڶԷδ֮ǰһֱڿռˡռ棬ָƺаСߣͱڴ˯
ƲϯʳջԷĵһöӵϸ̺֯ӴһºһӵƲϯϯʯɲóǴӿռ˺ð죬ҳһ
вĳֲ֭Һسס˿ռɵûлҲ֮ϲ
װӵģƴ󣬻ˣóҲҺûóȻĶȥҽļʮ۹ӣǵóʱǸϲõһ߷ɿȥϧȥһʧС죬ôһСͲȹӳ˼ȥһԹӣָ״ֱӹҵƤȹм䡣
šƫиĽλϡ
ΪʲôڵλãȻΪǶ˹Ҫ֮һ
ԲĹޣý۹ӽ񵰡Ϊ񵰵Ǹ۹ӲȤԵޣ۹ֻ񵰡۹Ӽһ񵰴С
ιСһţʣһһ飬þŽռ䣬ι˴ߡԼ񵰣ھ˯ˡ

ͱûѵС߳ˡ
ֱȥ
δ谵Ұ̫оʹ־ԼҺ԰ɢһľϵܡ
ŲɵǰţֲĲٿŽڣض켣һȦһЩ·ֲϡ
;ĵطֲչʢﵽǳУȴܺӰֲ£׾ѰԼҪĶ
صʳеҰ⡢ܳԵĲˡõĻܲҵнȻζƷҪһЩֲռڡڿռЩҰޣʱǡ
ٳʳģҪҵưĶĿռпֹСϪˮԴ⡣

߸ߵиֱһҵѣ֦Ҷڸǣε÷ǳá
һ׳֦ɺþЩСĵƬ̹ȥٿŲԶƺݺݳֻڻëĴܵŹȻ˳ȥϲŴ˦ۻĹݵԾѸ׼ȷеתߡ߳Զϡŭĸ¸½
ؿۿռĴ񵰣һĿŷ
Σʮߵԥ룬ûȥЩߵת뿪ˡ
ϱӱ߾ȹ˶мĪϲ
²֣ҵĹؾŤǵĲӡ
Ұսȴ뺷ܶࡣһֻһӴëɫǺÿֻ޼ǰ˲ӣֵڶѹޡδܾĵȫųüĹ޺ȫŤϲӡ
ֲﷴǰ½½׽˴ޡޣּѡޡ
治ҪŴҰȥʵǹ޶࣬ײʲ߶С

ΣյĲֻҰޣֲҪҰΪʳʳ⻨꣬е͵ĳһֵռ䡣
ֲо顣ѰʳĵĹУоľϵ˫ؿңƿ㲻ĳҰޣֻΣûʲôôΣֲܵʳĵĵ˾ͶŹʱò˵ǾͻԺá
Ϊֲ׺̫ߣЩֲﶼԶġ
ľϵֲǾͻձܶ
ѽѽȵĹ~
ջ˺öĻƹϳĺ
ҰµĹ~
ջ֮ϲ
ȻǳȳĴУƹС⡣ûҵҵһֳСڹܵõֲ⣬ЩζҰˡ
ȻЩûԵռڡ
صĩŬӣҺûɥʬЦЦŸɻ
˽٣Χ˵ġΪԵص֮һʵĶˣˣΡвˣҰ뺷ð㲻ѷɫˡ
ҵһþ޴һϸ֦ɣͨϿڵɾҺϴ̸ɾܵáҺŹɴ̱ǵĳζʳá˱ӣ¼ȴֵ֦ɣ編áüϸ֦ܱá
ŪȽѸ㡣ļһֱܲӱûɣ
ףմӾۼؿģҵһʯͷ˰쾢¼污ʯ塣ʯп׳͵áʯ鷳ܽľʱһÿʯɹ
һŰȣ
ʯĹУһˡ棬Էð𻨶εĹһ߶Ǵд⡣ͬ黹ڳѿڵĵһ仰˯
Ǹ
ԼĹڴ˺ͬŵĿУѾˣһĳ˴
Ҳÿ𣿡
˭˵ģǾۼؾˣ
ڴͣԡԺΪ
ôˣ仰˵
ͬ濴ŴˣҲڵģ
ˣһŬģ
֪Լ˴ȥں棬ˣǴܱܾͱܣûӦԭʼһԲϾԼڵ׼
æһ磬б˲ԣջķᡣ
ʱ֣ϻԼƷ￪ʼ鿴ջ񡪡
ʶʶĵһʮţͬҰʮֻ࣬ռ˽һ롣ǳޡޣֻһֻ⵰в٣ζм֣Ұɣʳ⻨һꡣ
Ц㡣
ʳĽһӲ÷ֻҪ㵽֣Լ
лҪ˵ллҰѧϰСʹӪҺ(ţ 3)


5 
ֲŪ
ۼ˳һֻʯָ׿һκˮһСغɫ硣ֻʯǳ㣬ֻҪһһ£̾ͻС֡
ǡЩ
ôһСʯҪһֻĴ޲ܽ
޳̵ֳļ˱һһв󣬴ӷʵÿӵľʼֱβǶƵĳëһ
һҲͲֻޣһӾҪֻôСŻʯʵ۵ҪֻҪдͺˣٲûҲС
ɽ޻ʯƴ
ǺĽлϵˡ
˻~˯СѹƵתȦȦЩֺõС͵ʳĿ
еϧСԴȡֹҰι,óһŹ޵ĵιԡСŵҺζذԴȥŵС߾ʹ˸ãСȦסһ鵰ǣᡣ
ϸԸõĵ塣
˻˻~СҡͷԵؽ꣬Ƕȥ
ûصһͣСԻ
ʵҪҪСιԣϾͷˡˣܴޱΣǸҰ޵˲ִ⣬ȴҲûʳ**оﵽˣСϵıԶС߸õǰ£뾡ķʽ
˵СҪôҲû鰡˱ƤһģС̴źܺɣ
ιСߣͶιߡλǰ峤ʳѣιһ㵰ҺҰٴθʮҩվֻ𵽻ãϣһ˳Ȼͻȶ
סضվ̫㡣

׬Ǯ£һСı¶ռĴǸɵľǴˡ
ȥۼˮڸ̯ôʳôЯǸˡ
ۼЩˣǼȫԸķסŶľģͰѶΪңһ⡣סƽģǾԼҷſ֧С̯ЩھۼûӵģҲõģеĿԽԼĶķѼʱȡáеľõ˽ΪĴƷ
һûʶˣûоۼǶķ
вͨ;ʳȥۼˣֱڼȥСĻʲôʳȥҪúÿһˡ
ʳȷһߣ֮ʯȡ
һ·ߵĶεСҹձܿÿһˣٽ½Ҹû˵ĵطѸٴӿռｫֻȡ˳
лܴǿ
ƴܣ¾ѵľˮ˲ٵľϵʮ**ɲԷǲƴܣֻ⡢ʤΪԼĸ񶷼һˡֻ޲ҪʲôС
һһֻֻޱʹɾһһҷֱ䵽ϡ
ţǰһڣ׳˶ʲôҲˡ
ðȣֿǾ
Դֻ޴Ӿۼ񱼹ĳ˲˲ע
˰ɣ
Ӧǡ
϶ȥʯģ
ȱйϵǺãʯܸ㵽
ѽðǣҪðΣȥԡ
˵۷׷ʯĵֻ޷¡
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ʯһЦ¶ĿȱҪʯҵȿĴޡ˵Ŵӷ߳ŴתһȦ
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һ˫΢΢Ưɻ󣺡ֻ͹𣿡ֻȱֹôҵġ
ꣿʶꣿȱȡ
ЦЦ˵
ȱתת̬ȺȻҪֻ޲ܻģȻѣǾֻɡ˵´ޣűָ׿ҪһĻʯ㡣
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òãǵðǰ˵ûСȱС
΢Ц˵ûʲôģʶ˵
лΧǵ˽
õʯ뿪ܿ۷ֻޡ
ۼΣҪ࣬ɫЩ΢ķƣζȴһ㲻࣬ͦζһֻޡ١һֻޣһʯһѹǵһЩûҰˣԼһľӡ
ȥ·;У˲֦ͺܴҶ
ʱ䣬ѾʲôʳЩ鷳̫㣬ɡ
˳㣬Ȳ϶
ʳǰڵŪ˸˼ʯͷȡůĵطˡ
ΪҪʳòͣͰ͵·ŵϻ˵֦ŽĻʯȼ粻һʹ
ȡõʯʯϣ˿ռĸɾˮȥٷŵΡһʳ̫ȥ˼Ƭֻ̾Ūʮŵԡ
ʮŲͬĵϴɾһԶŽʯʯúܴٶʮŵҲеġ
ŵļ϶Ĺ޷ɿëɾԺҪõĻʡʱ䡣޵ëȫˣպԷһõôЩëҲռ˿ռٵط
ĩٱޣٶŵĵ˲Ӱȵ죬ѾйޣһֻҲëޱëӵƵս˿ռ䡣
һ̵Ľĵɿռ䣬ʯˮõ⣬µɾˮٷŽĵ
ˮһ⣬Ǿͺðöˡ
ؿʼǡ
ǰ䣬¶ֵۻģһתõĵ͹Թ˳˳˼ϡ
£һʰŹǵɵÿϻζ¹ǵ޵ȫŽտյʯΣǵˢˢ£кҵĴȥ֮ء
ֹ֭Һ
ܵζĶˣȴ֭С

ζڿʯڡ˿̷·ζ˲治ϵطںɫ֭Һ͸װ׵ĵȾֱɫ˵¡
ô̳һŵ˳ζͿЩˡ
˻ӡ
ʱ֪С߷ǳϲȷϵġⲻζһѹҲܻԼϣͼŻŶŵ˹ȥ
סʯСߣյ̳ǿŵǰ԰ɣԻСȫ
˻˻~С˦βͼ̻ʣǵһοôо
һţݸڶţСȴסˮҡСԴܾˡǺûҲЩҪȥġһˣ̰ġһλ̫ܳԣǰһᷳˡ
òײ׽飬ϲϵζһ㶼뱻ᡣ
˻~Һܹա
˵ʲôֺõС鵹ǸˡЦСߵԴҲιһŵɨҵĴҶϴɾ̵ľõ޵ϸŵҶϡ
һУľӸǺãͱŻȺĿ޵ˡ


6 
ۼ̯Ĳ˳֯ĺλˣһĵطǿǿܻȥġ
ѡİ̯λþס۹̯֭Աߡ
ס۹̯֭ǸˣС̯Ӿ֧Լľǰ档ΪǾۼضһ޶⣬Ǵ˺ϲʳ˽׵˲ٵĺöһЩС̸У岻ʱľͻ˴ӱĻҲרֹܹӣʱƷʱޱҹ
ޱǼеĽ׻ң첻ףֹ֧ܲһ
þ鿴ȦĴԺӣһпʮò۹ӵϹۣ۲Ҫ۲Ҳȥ͵գ˵ȻҪõȼ۵Ķ
һ߰ŵҰĵ̣ǸЩˣܹǳǳºЦ⡣ҰǴģҰȴɷ򡪡һɤųЦǳˬʵˡ
֮԰Ѱ̯ĵص㶨һΪ˽ʶλ̯ô۹ԼۡҪޱҵǾ͸һ棬Ϊ̯ʳǺܴ˻ӭ֡Ŀ޵ζƫ𣬹ӦǴҪϲԡ
·ʱŪľڵϣľӸľϣѿһƿվһѧű˴
޵ճĿ޵ζȺҧһζ첻ɢ
࣬ȵȵã
òãһȺģ廯Ľȴ㹻档ټϾۼغµʳ֣ڿֺͺܿģΧ˹
ʲôǿ׳˻ûʹʵ
΢Ц޵ܺóԵġ
޵һʺţʲôޣôû
һվľԱߵĴ˿ſĵʣ˵ĿµĵΪʲôеĺܴеĽСأ
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Ȼ˽žʣʲô
һֺúȵ֭
üû
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ǵġռЩֹζȷʵҪĩǰĿöࡣ
̫ˣüЦ˵Ҫ˵Ŀ֣Ҫǲ˵һúȡ
˼û˵Ҫ볢ԣҡ
ûа˺ź
æƼ޵Ҳġ
̾Ҫһȳһ£
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𣿡ŽӹĵɻʣĵΪʲôǺڵģȻûôڣֻʻƶ벻׼ȷĴʡ
λҲ£ûҰڵǻɣ
˵ݵߵŲһָСĴ˴ֵЩ֭Һ˲մָʶͰǸָ˱˱ߺģǰ˵ǵģ
ף
Ҫ͵ĻͻһϣžԷϲѵģģ
սĿֵͷ£һޱҵľ˵ζҴûгԹҺϲ
˻еԥĲǻ
ͣظĵážžĴ˾ʹôĻҡͺܺˣ
˻Ҫ˵ʲô˾Ͳͷذ˰֣ʲô˵벻ҪҼƷʳʱߴߴӰҵʳ
úܺڵķݶϣˡ
ȲһҧϿֵ

ΪղŵִкüΧ˹
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׽£ŵСĵģҲſֵһʱ²˾ġ
ô˵˵Χļ˴ߴٵ
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ŰҶһ˵ľǰʣĺڵжٿŰ
˼Ц˵ʣʮ߿ˡ
첲§סľӣЦüۣʮ߿Ű಻࣬ȫҪˣ
û⣡ҲܿġΪֵȫ˳ȥΪʳζ׾˽ˡ
õӦʣּۿϸӣͰľӱϡ
˵ɣЩڵҪô
ǿֵ޵ʲôµĵֱʡǸޡ֡
ʲôһˡ
ƤЩҲҪĶóȿռôһŲޣԵĻ뽻ҩֲټҰˡֲӡӵȵȡлʯͲĻҲУ˲ġȻޱ͸ˡ
ۼ˶̸Ʒĳ̶ȣΧ۵˲ˣرǴˣΪǵĿζ󲿷ֺдôżȫĵһЩ˾̲ס
ιҲҪһźڵ
Ҳųζ
ҶΪһŵҲ󲻵ĶȥóҲϧ
ЦŰһģʱЩ
аȡǺܽȵȵõģΪҲУȻǲΪЩڵ̶ֳֵȡ
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Χ۵׼뿪ʱһȻ𣺡ǵںôóԣҸŪ˰ɣ
Ц⵭ΪǵһҲ磬̧ȥȴһˡ
һһ֮ԵĴˡ
ۼС
Ƥ˽ýݵĴ˴߹򵰵ĴԴǿӲ˵һûڵأȿóԵʳҼ٣ûʳճͱһŵĿȫߵġֱ׵˵һһģ
ꣿҹüһۣ֮е˵ˡ
ôˣ⣬˵һҪҳҺڵܣȷѡ
ҹ췭˸ֽۣص˵ûܣұΪҳںҹҹûûһǣ˵˼ʮ꣬ûмڵҹ
ߣƭңҹС˶ˣôûȫһڣ裬˵϶㡣Ҳţ϶ܡ
ɡҹúŤͷԼı¨ݸ۵ؾ
ýŲһסˡ
㣿УǸܾ˯ˣ
ۼعȻС
û뵽ԼôͻٴμһΪԼʯӶԼڵĴˡһԼ˶ԷͷźֻޡһŲСĻʯĴˡ
꣬ʯȱһֱ˯ȴŻʯ˯Ĵˡ
һ˳ʣʯأ
ڼ
ʣĵǸʯģ
ͷ
ǿ϶ܺóԣһ֣ɿڵҹıľһۣۣǺڵ̫ĺɫĵ
ɫί
ҹæת㿪
ӵת˼Ȧ뵽ʲôԼͬ飺ҼǵҹϴĿǺɫİɣ
ͬ˵⿾ˣž֪óԡ
ˣָҹ
ͬ鲻ԡ
һԴڽ⿪Լܾõ⣬˷ܵ˵֪ˣԭôѳҹˣΪǿ鿾ǺɫİոĵҲǺɫģ϶ǾԺɫʳŻҸڵģ
óۣЩڵ˱ڣ
ԩ


7 
Цõ˵ֵûڵá
겻ţΪʲôҹҪĺڵ
ЩԿĲ˼ͣΪĿֵܺó԰ɡ
óԵһγԾһӣһҡı飬ΪǼʳóԵºĶһˣ
⻰ǳȴص˵ͷ˵ôһġ
۹⻰˶̲סЦ
Ц˵òǴɽո֪ްɣǲǿۼкöʳ̯λ;óΪܼ򵥰㣬ǻЩζʳܵģʱζɲǾʤҪ
ͬ鸽͵˵ô⻹ڻҲ佻ƷޱҶ֪ûӣ˵ˣҿǼжѡ
Χһͬǻı飬ֻЦЦʲôû˵
˵ЩĻʵж֤Լľġ
οͲҪ֤
ϸҹݸı¨ӰʲôСƤ֮ķײûȥܳԵҰûеȫŵһԡ֪ʲô޵ĵССʮţҲȫóϲǣڱ¨ҵ˿΢еİǣԼһͰͣϣǱԷɲֵǮҰժҩֲ
ҩֲʵֻͨҩݣһܴﵽֲĽ׶ΡûϵֽռһӾܽˡʱͿƵơܼʳУõʳ
һ˫ϸ˵ĺЦ£嵭òУüĿģһƵĿɰ
ܽƷȫ¨ҹ
͹ˣҹʣ֪¨ĶĺڵҲռˣҪҵĻһøЩָָĽ㡣
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ô˵ˣҵı¨㡣ҹõڣѱ¨Ƥ¨ľӲãԿҾ˰ٲߵ²óԡ
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еһѾ

죬ûȥۼء
һΰ̯˵ϾĶǣһͷ黹еġᣬɲѩƵԽ׳Խʱ䣬궯Ĵ侲侲ڷǳɫǣʮ**ȥҹʱܻ⿪һ㡣
ⲻȥֵܲһ嶯˰ɡ
޷ʯﱬڡζƮӶǡ
С̵ƤϼֱתȦȦ˻˻ӡиͣ
СԻСԴÿӼһ鲻СᴵιС߽һ¾ʽ˶ºŷԼƺζûƷԴֺõ˦Сβͼʳ
ǰ˽𣿡Цּһιô࿾⣬СԶ˶ܣٳһͲ˰
С߲֪ûֻβͼԽ˦Խ˻˻ӡڻӦ
Ц˼еƮԶ
һ磬ˣû㷢ƭ˵ġ˵ͬ˴еһԱϱӵ˶ʮ࣬ʱǼܰԼҲޡġ
˵Ǹκûٱعεķޡ
ԼǸ˵Ծˡ
һ۾˵òܶ˺Ҳ˲ģȽԺ⡣ռԼԵҰˣϳΰ̯ҩֲʳȵȣŲõĻɴͳúô
ȥܴûˣôøòδĳԶĿꡣ
ʱ˵ԭ²Ҫġ
ԭļ䣬֪ߺʱػ״̬˽´߸Ͳ֪ѹڽ»Ǹʲô̬ȣδ֪
ڽ£ԭļֻһ仰һԲٽ⿪
Դ˲̫ţȻܽôͲܽˣҪ
ҲҲģķӹҪȥǼпҵһǰ㡣Ϊǰ峤Ĵ֪ҲҪ˵
ԣΪϵΪ˴߿֪ô΢΢Ŀԣܶܡ
СߵĻͦϲġİ磬СͲ̫į
ϱޣܴߣüΣΪͶмƫФƵĴߣҪ¼
ôһЩذɡ
˵ûۼ˴壬ŴСߣ֪ľ͵Լֻ
̸ЩҲŴߡ
ԭ˻ǴԭʵԸռģȻռˣͲܶԭŲʡ
𣬲ܶãҪġ


8 
ۣתǿ࣬¶һ˿ϲЦ
ϱĩɥʬУǲŶĸʬζ˼ɽûˣȴܶࡣٵĶɱޣĶʹ󲿷ĽͬɸɥʬͬȵĴڡ
ܵ˲࣬ҪܵȼҪôնһĹҪôʹӿٶȡڶһֺ׾ܵõҸòôǾɥʬԴľˡ
û취㵽ɥʬˣһ˰Ͱ࣬ڿҿʱֲӳܵ׼
Ȼϲ⧲
ΪһѰʳʱֲйݻĽȡֲԼľϵܣͬʱٽһֲָ
ְ취ϱùáһٶԶԶɥʬ˵죬ֲõĺôҪ߶öࡣֲֻռֲʱŻôһΡ
ǰ
ڵĻศȲվֻ˹ȲศʲôѡȻȻˡ
˾񣬿е˶ʱչ˴СߣʱͶһԴҵ군
ôһֱеոգ׼ȷ˵ǰСʱǰٿȻˣ
ȫ񶼳еԴȻһ£Ȼһξͻγɿհˡ
ֱɰ׳յĿհףǴԿտգ·һռ䡣
һƬãã磬һȴּϵκζˮޱ߼ʵϸɳããޱߵƶůڵȫ⡢嵽ֻƮƮĲˡ
ݲ˼ȴȫӡĵףعͷԼһء
ÿٶȡ
ֱվҪ죡
ͷʱ仹磬Ȳ״̬ķػ˿һٱ飬ûٳɹڶΡ
ģüͷʾ֭˼ϸ뵽ΧÿһһŬȶԣӹת·һδȥ飬¶ȣǲз紵˶ֻҰ·ȵȶŹ
˻˻ӡ
ٽС߶̫ĵ͵ÿҪħ͵ش˸飬̾һ亹
̬ǧҪãԼĶͷŵҵСߣСԴϡ࣡¡
ʳССһϸϸĶëëèƵըëë۵ƤͿȾɫһ㱻θǡСβͼֱһ£ԼһСš
㶣ŲƵصЦ
ⶺСԴ̽
˻~Сɬ
ʮֿ϶ԼĻˡСߵı֣һһĲǳ˵ʵС
ôһЩʲôı䡣
صӺɫװŻѼ򵥳극˯ˡ

ڶɫ΢ʱˡˮϴһгС鿾̵Ĺ⴮ꡣƤԵԲС߷ڴϣתȦȦʳٸιһЩϴˮʼҪĿֵ
ľϵܳʱܲٿһЩʵõ٣Ϣļ϶֯˼ʮӡܼӹ̣֯ĿҪá
һһٿſֵСĵڿ̺õҶϷźãһӷľҶС߲ڲϣͱſӳˡ

ߣ뿪ˣס۹̯֭λǰ˲ͷش˲֪ڼˡ
һеɰĴ˼ͬ鱻ϣߵ̯ǰһס۹֭
㡣ס۹֭װЯƤˮͰôһӣ滹ǣˣһֻ֮һŻ
һڹ֭Ʒǵ㲢ôζüֺܿչЦź˴
˵ǰɫĵǵô˱ڣ
ⲻǵһʣҲһʡס۹֭˶Щտڰ׻ˣ۵ֱӸߣƵĺƢߡֻʶ࿴ɫʳˣ˲Ż˷Щʱشǵ⡣
ƩΡ
˵ֵȷʵǺڵģǸζƺ˵Ĵ˳˻ڣ¾ûˡ
֡
ԣ˾ôеġ˵꣬͵ŶԷϳ֮еɻ飬飬ŵؼ˵ʲôǿֵɣʵһֹֽĹ֭ĵпֹⶫֻҲҲģҲȥǼСҪǼһΣҲϲ
һȥǼ䣬о¶ȥǼ䣿
һɡ˹Ц⣬ס۹־ǴǼģ֭ǺǼסĴ˻ӭġҪﶨҪ֧ܶޱңҲסĴҲͳס۹֭ζˡ
˺һڰס۹֭ʣǿɡֹͰס۹ĸǼܻӭ
϶ǰס۹˴һŰס۹ܻſֹ˵ĸֵǮ
˵һҲдΪס۹ˣ
ͷøаǼЩˣΪס۹֭ܡ
˶˶٣̾˿ǼĴҲûôǲΪһ˿˿ȥܵġ
û壬Ϊкü˵ݵΧ˹
ס۹֭
ҲҪ
ҡ
æϲ̡
ڵ̫ˣһôǰǺڵôȥȫ̶ƼˣĻǺڵҪܻӭһӡ䶯ֽŸöԷȥβһԷĺˣ⴦ۼؼûȥǼ䣬˵ѻõı𴩡ο˵ǻѻȫհǸ˵Ļ
˵ǵţŶԷ͸ˡմǼĹ˭᲻Ը⣿ɵӡȻԷɵҲûϵǼֲǾһһҧҲ˭û취ǣ
ǱԭΣô˵Ƕġ

ǰ̯ĵطʱ˵İס۹֭½½дϽɨԷһﱳ¨ٵ󣬿첽߹ȥѿһţʹ
ֵճĿֵζȺҧһζ첻ɢ
ޣȵ
Ǻڵ
ǺڵǸڵˣ
ҿҿ
û꣬ǰΧڰס۹̯֭Ƕ˾һѷƵŤ˹ȿֺؽԴſֵĿ̽ͷ̽һ߳ţһ߶ſָָ㡣
˵⵰˱ڣ
Ҳôһ£֪ĻǼٵġ
һЩɰĴˣһƤӰס۹֭ǰЦض˵ˣҶˡҪźڵָλΣس򿪵Ŀ￴һۣǺɫĵҹȻûƭҡ
ŵҶϵݸЦʣʶҹ
Ǻ˽ӹҹ˵ԲءΪҲʲô˵ôԱڵЦ
ʲô¡˵÷ϡ
ŵ˸ۣİҾϲġôҪҪ˯
ȻûӦһԲϾҪ˯ĺ磬ؿŴ˵ʵаˡ
аҲ˯˺˵һҲŶ
ǽˡ
Ŵͣ£Ƕ˺һ˺ټءϾ˭ܳеĺԷһӣһӵİ£ûǸԹĴռ˺ôˡ
߷߲ƽı飬еЦá⻹Ǹտء
ֹ˼䣬ù¨ݸҹҽġŵĽƷҲˡ
ɨɨ¨Ȼȫҩݡ
һȵӣգգָۣ˵͵͵㣬ҹùϵôϡ˵꣬Щʲôŵˡ
ֻǲҹʶܶҩݣôһ˵̲סøˡ
źڵˣȫΪŹ˺ģ뿴ġڵĿ󣬾м뿪ˡʣ»ΧſģһСİԼԻġ
ԻǺ£˵ͦġ
Ҳܶ˲֪ǼʳóԵʲôزֻԼĵطʳкܶ࣬ΧڴתȥôһЩóֶ࣬ΪԼãɲҪʹĥô
ŸζʳģͻҲģôһСԼҲҳζó޵ġ
ϧľɵ󵨵ġ˳Իһ̽ģֻҪǺóԵľԵζ˾ùϲùǺõģСĳԵԼСĶ
ӻܱûˣļҵͻᱻϷ֡
˻ֵǳڶҹΣԿֵǳڱɱΣԾ͵Ҹ˵Լ
ڣ֮ǰԵĻв˶ˡúúõģҲܷĳʳˡ
Ҫźڵ׳øƵͷЦ˵ϴЩڵʱҰ¾ڲԶվšǺڹúܣʱŵζͲòС˵ڶһšû㣬㲻ˡ㲻֪Ұ»СˣƢر𲻺ãûԵҸҧˡ
иӡͦԣǰˡ
˻һͰ͵ģŵ
ˤˣСĵؽӹͳһŰָ׿ǴĻʯ
ʯʹ˰ɣ
˽ͣҴ񵽵ģо
УôУ
»ʯһŵ
㣬ʵϡļ򣬡һġ
һ򣬹Ҳˣ׷״һųʡ
Ҫһźڵ΢ֵĴһͬӻһſֵվڿĵҧһڡ
һֲΪ̬ȥԵģΪֻºģԼԹʳ¼ϼµһʡ
ԵǰôģҲôΪġ
ŵʹսǼⲻɱʱɲΪ㣬γʳˡһζѣǣ񾭡ֱŵĵڲ䵽촽
ŵ֭Һճڴϵǿ̣ʶͣ漴ͱǹļϵζˡȲҧ˵棬ݼѹϸ۵ĵ֭Һ磬ҧ΢΢ˬĵУӽʵ߽ںϣԳݼͰݵڿֵ¡
óԡĿֵҶϵ֭ҺøɸɾöƬմˮҶ˵ڶſֵ
ڳ꣬
ڳ꣬
ֱϴļȫ꣬˲òͣ죬վһ߶ſûĵʹ޷
뿪ܸܼܲţú˸ˡ
Ҫһźڵ
Ҫš
ҪĿš
ԥĲԥˡȻԲˣΪʲôҪű˳ԼһˮһŵֲǳԲ
ܺܿ챻Χˮйͨ
ΧʵĺǣԽԽ˴˹һʮʮ٣ֳ֪ܶڵˡ
ڵʵ˱ڣ
ܾͲǱ;ǸЦǻҲ䣬Ǽ䣬ʹ˱ڵĵˣͲܳ
ڵζģôϲ˾ͱԼ
ôУԣǰǴ԰¼ҹ޿˿
ɿ죬ľ桰ಡӳӰſĵһһ׼ҶֵĹ򣬾ѸɨԷҪƷֱֽĿȡ
£һ
ĶֵûҪģ˼ˡ
ֵ÷ɿ죬ʵҧһɻͷ͡ųһģŵûȥģͽŻҪ໻šϧ˶൰٣һβץ뻻ͱ˺档
ô죿ż
ѧ˹ԣһھʮźڵϽСǣˡ
յĿӣƶѵøӣֵպˡ
̫ˣռָҩˣ
ʰʰ׼ؼҡŸ̧һԶ˹

ҹĴ˷һؿ񱼹ǰһɲʣأڵأҪ򵰣
ͣŻ˼ˡ
һ԰
վûߵ˸ŸͣҲ԰
ǸЦ˼һ
ٰ
ȽһٿвУ
ܲҪһЩóûϡ
һЩҹ۾ৡһȥ·ķܡܵû˵طɿĸ첲ͼҪԤٿźڵޱҽף


9 
ޱңޱңȵʡ
ǵȻԴü֪ûֵܵùޱҵջ󡣵ȻֻڻҲ䡣ôҪҪףҲԿģ
ŪޱңĵôõЩǼϢԭȻǼ䣬Ϊ޵ݣСܵżô󣬶ӵÿٶñģǳԵʳȫЩζģȵˮҲǻǵġ˵ܵޱˣûȺ壬ΪתˣӴԺܸ峤ȷʵ˼죬֮ͱ˻Ҳ䡣
һֱڻҲ
ȥǼ䣬Ҳѡһ
Ұ½ǳǳ󣬴ӻҲǨƵǼ䣬ֻ·˵Ͳһ׵¡·;ңԶ˰ȫΧ׾Ū˵Ұ޴ǡ
Ϊ˱ⳤ;ȥһǼȴǶʺԼסӶ뿪·֮ǰȾͶҪȥǼ䡣
ΣҪȥǼ嶼ɵѲֵġһȥǼ䣬Ҫһ¿ʼô巶ΧڣǲŰ׶㣬СѲ²ԶԷƶҲеᷳ
ڴ԰ٷ֮ʮȫǼɵ˵Ǻϲ͵ӲӲȭȭӲƴġǣðʱ䶼˷ڴϡֵٸߣҲȲԷҪȺŹһԴоʮˣøƴԿۡ
ǸߡοʵСˮ̲У֣ʮ**Ҫһ
ʹþܣûĥ˵
˵˸ɼܣֲʳ˯þ˯ʹ죿ڻҲû
ԣͬʱҪܴӷǼУѡסʶȰʳĻȡ׶Ȱ翪͹ݾ᲻ܼҰȵȷۺѵġ
ǸѾٶˣҪǻҲʵڲʺϳԶסһͼƻҸʵסˡ
ţպ󶨾ӵǼһܳþסŲС
һɣܰĵıôôıѾˣʳʡõԼֲֲԼǿҵĶԭʼĸʳģͬʱԼĿڸ֮ܰʳȥ׬ޱңɲ̫̫̫ʺ
˵ٸĶΪԭʼǵĿשߡ
Ǯʹĥ۷ĸ綼еͨ
Ҳǡ
էʱû·ȥϢⲻ׬ޱҡܻĸԸޱҶҪʳʱû˲ΪСǮǮ
ιв仰һ
ͷ˼ʲôʱ׬ޱңת۾ԶҪ˫ϣȻеòа
Ҫôף϶үŪԽĴ󷢸ˡܣϱǺȿˮҪסĵùһڻҲһģпޱ˼׼
ҹӡ󲻴ҲѰɡҽСС˵Լ֣˶٣̽ŵһޱźڵô
ʱȫעϣޱң
СĹªһ㲻⣬ʾԶ͵ޱҷֱ֣ǺޱңޱҺͰޱҡһޱܻһǧޱңһޱܻһٸޱҡޱҺͻޱǼõͨޱңǼޱרŵĶһطޱҺټֻд󳡺ϲܼͨǶһġ
ûȥǼ䣬ޱҵĹôҲ̽˵һޱһſֵ
Ҫۣ͵ػǮǲԲա
һţСüȻҡҡͷǼһޱŰ룬ֻźڵѾòˡ
΢΢һЦҵĿֵǼ򵥵󵰡ǿУ֪ô𣿡
ҵȻֽ֪ٴ˶֪ô𣿡Ƿˮ
Ȼأ
Ȼ̳ǳԲˡ
ʣ󵰻Ҫűʲô𣿡
СؿֻҪˮͿԣ
ַʣ֪ҵĿֵҪô𣿡
С˼˻ſֹ֭Һ죿
ҡҡʳָ˵һ롣޵ҪˮУһ͸˵һһҪõֹԼֵζʳġĲ˵˵ֹֹҾóУǼҲҲֻĿֵ۸Ӧñ󵰸ߡ
Сֱ˵ס۹֭Ƕ̽ϢǸס۹֭ģ˵Ǽֹ˵һŰס۹ܻſֹ
ѵпֹ
һ̷ˡ
Ϊ̯ùϵ¶ԼĿֵʱҪǳԼţ˸עǵ顣ǵúף˽ͣ˵ֵֹʱ򣬶Էһ֪˵ʲôã
ɫصô˵ֹģ
СֱһֲظǵĶԻ
еЦãճԭ۶ûġ
Ŀֵλ
ޱӦȥǼɣǼס۹ôģ
С
Ǽ䲻ֹһÿһķ١СԼǼ䣬ûȥǼ䡣һǼУǵȼ͵ġĲס۹۸ҪȾۼصĸ󡣿ǼС֪˵Ļп󣬲˵Ľ۸Ҳǽһ㡣
ס۹ǼȽܻӭֻΪӲһޱҲšס۹֭Ļǵһޱһ
Цֱ˱ȣҵĿֹô󡣡
СɵۣǲǱȰס۹ܶܶѵ˵ǸƭңֹҪȰס۹ֵޱңҲôŲŻһŰס۹ɣ
ѣֹġ
Сƭң
ҪһޱһŰĺڵ
ܾС
С˰ΣҧһžһšҾһޱһţ
ɽ
Ϊޱ͵͵ܵСû֧ߣΪԷֻҪٿſֵСȻˬԼҪˣҲȥûǿ¶
һ粻˿ֵټ˵һޱԤĽףõĲˣûȥֵǽȫͶ뵽ҵˡ
õС߳ԿԵš

ڶͶιСߣĸӳˡһʮſֵĸٿţɺСĽ㹻ȴûжˡ
ʽףͲ̯ˣٳ̯
СԼĵطڴ·ߣ̸ĵطûˣվԭص
ӺСԶԶ˹
ܵ÷ɿ죬׷
桭ȷʵûǣֻиˡ
ꡣ
׷ͬɿ죬׷׷ͿȽȡȻǿĺ͵һţৡؾʹСͷϿԽ䵽СǰһصĵϡȻ˫ǿһţݽȥ
곯ķֱֱ׹
ǰһ룬ͳһƤӵһ̣ӰȾͿ񱼡



10 
ҵĺڵ֫ޱ䶼óˣС۾ͨ죬ԥ룬ֱӻΡ
˫ʱһ
Ͷԡ˴ޡĲˣ
תĸλתɺ֫֫Ȼֵɣֻ͸첲ͬʱһ
˫ôģ˳Ϊ˲κһ΢Сϸڣ
ֻŲûСϣЩ¶Ƥ棬ɫëȻͳһƬһƬëһֵģǳĻɫ΢⡣΢һһ־ѸٲСϣգ۶ĹСͱһļ롣
ļ·磬ֻά˲䲻ѲƵģǧǵ㡣
УһֻɫĴչᣬϸĲ췢һöġౡ
תһ붼ûãü򵥵ݹ̣ǳë⡪ޡ
еʧ
εСȴӾ
Сչ򣬺ббȥ׷ꡣɵòߣΪһֻʳӥˣɳ׵ĸ߶ֱ硣еٶҪʱø죬ɸչ᰿ڸ߿գһͻ̸£צӴ̽ƤȣϺܶࡣ
ܽ˵СϺȵһԱ
Ȼ̵ָӥ˲෴ӻСҲûΪЩԱǻеԼ˶Դתκ󣬳ǱҪС¶ԼΡ
ڣС˿ΣĽ
Ԥٿźڵˡ
ǹϵǰ;δľڵ
ౣ
СХһȳ˲ӰĻɳֱײŤ·ߣֻצץʣµӺڵҲ³һƤӸŭεĻųķѸ׷ȥ
ĬĬɨƤӣ˸Ƥֱװһٸޱҡ
಻٣û֮ƣٿſֵļǮ
óһޱңСһԪӲҲ࣬й⻬⡣Ħһּ֪΢ʶйȥգǹ΢Ͼͱȡڣ˵ǿŷӨ̵
˽Ϊѵͻ˾ѵǧٹʲôУˮףٶȣθöһ˯
ֻ벻ûǾѲ˵ġ
˿ӺޱյóֽС
ֲ˶úޱס
ޱҲˣҲˣƤսռ䣬һʱеò⡣
ǾôǮˣǸȥ

кһ׷ԶС۾һգգؽǰ꣬׷ϵʱԽСԽؿ϶Լ֮ǰĲ²⡣
Ȼ͵ǵ̸
͵꣬жٵĺڵڵҪĶͶһ
̫޳̫Ҫˡ
Сһ׷ˣһԹԼͲزסֻڣ֪ԭɵøһҲû
׷˼ӺСʶȥС
ܷӳٶȾͺˣȱݣô
Ȼ
뵽ԼѵСžҪҪôصĺ֡
ԥԥ䣬ۿǸطԽԽСһᣬ
ãһ£ֻҪסԷһ¾ͺá
Сౡؿ
϶Ŀڿյ·𣬱У·ɥͷܵ걻䲻Ŀһͣ£ûعͻȻ˸ƨ
ۡһ£òС
û⡣
һƨѣܹܵסʲôʱʲôʱ򲻷
ܡ
Сޡ
ۡһƨ˴ڡ
е㲻ԣѵϺȸҹס۹֭Ȼ˶ӣ
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Сʱ±Σ׷ѺڵңȻÿ
ŤͷмЦ˻˵Һÿ󻰿ɲôŵġ
СĽŲٿͣߵôҲ֪Ÿƨͦ׵ġ
һ߿ĿȻը졣
ۡ
ų춯ؾֻƨ
ɫ峯˷Ѹɢ룬ʵʵѬ˵ζ赲ֱıǼ䡣
ʱ޻Ƶһͷͣðǣһ顱˹ȥ
С߹Լӵѹһ٣ᵽ·ߣſӸ˵뿪ˡ
ÿöԷƨŵƨԽ࣬ζԽһֱж壬ŵȫ̱ʹȥ
ȻСԼ⣬ȫߵġ
Զں棬þͷβһȻе㲻ҸСˡ
ϱӵŮ˲ǣһĴƺǡ
ֵѾ׼ټȥ̽˵**Ųһתķȥ

۾ӵĵĵطһߵʯ¥
ʯ¥ɾ޴ƽӲĺҽɣ࣬ÿһȴܴ
ʯ¥ǧ׵ĵطǿأɸɾһӲҲҲǧ⣬̯߰
ʯ¥ǼھۼصĹء
ÿһǼ棬вͬĻҲ丽ʹС߱⴦Ҳ䣬ȻһڵǼ
Ҳ֪岻ܰʹС߶ԼƤӿܲĵط
ǳǿΪǼӵжԸԸĻҲľԹȨҲһٸҲԲԼǼơ
ʯ¥Ϊһڵġ
Ǽר˹ලҲ䣬࣬˰¾סʯ¥档żҲ䣬Ҳᱻסʯ¥
ǰ죬һǼסʯ¥

Բһľͣ⣬˼š
˭ʯɵʯţһŲ˺ðβŴ
Բػش𣺡ˣԲʳ
ʲôʳﰡҪѳԵܳ˵ģ͸Ͻôôҹȥ
ˣǸ첻һʳԲ²䣺ġ
ǺǣøҵʳҲ˵ģظ֤϶ûζأЦջȻǺͷŪҡѵǺͷ۶û𣿣
Բֵ¶ӽˮɺˣŻŮ⡣
ˣεʳŮұ۾ӵҳģұֹ֤óԣûζ
顱һ£жʯϡ
Ů㻹ŮҪԲ𣿱ĵ
ˣĺܺóԡ
Ůζ𣿼˸ǶҪζ
ˣһΣұ֤
ԲԣȥͺˮٶһŮʳ


11 
ʯ¥һǰµĵطһѵʣµȫס˵Է
СķǼʯ
һŶû˵ֵ֣صؽְֺС˵ڴϿʼ˴
̫ˣľƣ
̸ý׺С񾭾һֱýġЩԤĺڵͬȡϣҪ룬ûõ֣ûһ֮ǰСôܷŵ˯
ڵҹǰģΪ˴õѣҹСǣܻҪǾ͸Сֵ¡СǲôϵģҲʲôóԵģǸµˣƾӵǼˣӣ
ҹСĺѣСİܸԼϣȴҲԸ⹼ĺ⡣ҹΪԼԼͽƷʱС˳ˮ۴Ӧˡû뵽ʳȻĸϲ
ʮľƺսᡣ
򵽺ڵ׿ڳڵζһСεңҺûΪԻҲеӡ󣬶ĲΪ⣬ȥһҹеʳҪھۼش̵ʱ䣬ڼŻлԵڵʶļֵʱʲôãúڵֺõ²֪ȥĶˣ
Сƽºźڵö˽λ˵ķˣֵڴϴ˺ü̫󣬡顱ĲСĴӴ˵ϡͷ£ĵֱۣ˲˸
Сɵ˴ͷϵİһͦŷȥ
һøɲźòװѺڵ˵ʲôҪ۶λ˳Խܷġ
Ҳ֪λǲǿҪˣûȵõӵıʵ̫źˣ
СԽ룬;ͿƲסֵԽȲƵģ޲һӾ˲Ƶλ˷ǰ
ڵԼٵظϹʱͿְԲŴľš
ˡ
ͳһɡ
Сûְ˵ЩʲôԴǡڵû˽ȥлһ𾪡ı顪
СŲ뿴λ˳أ˭Լ˰죬ĭӶϴˡǸأԶû޺òãˮˮ㣬ȴСĴ𣿴ѵܼʱŲӷͷô֪ĻΪжء
ʱﴫһŭ𣺡Բԣ±Ů
СôĺĴô
ԲȰεʳﲻŮġ
Ҳԡ㷳Ӷ˵ҪԼˣ
Բ˵ҪʵڲģȳԸ
һЦȳԣðȫˡ
ԲԼԹʲô
Сòͷˣ߹ȥֱƿʯš
Ŷȣץһŵúòĵˣ̧ͷȥü˭ǽģȥ
˿Ųʮ꣬βô׳˶һӢǴбȽϳԵÿҰſ˧
Сһɧڶ˵ʱɢ˿һ롣
ķϡ
СԼҰְľӣջ߹ȥǰϣԹƿ˸ľϵҶ
һ˿΢ɲζƮ
˻ᵽζжӵ˾ԲŴ
±ӣʹᣬ㣬Ӧûζ
Ťͷȥšǵֻ⵰ôǺڵģ
һĵԲС󡣱͵λˣδ»Ҫ
Բ˿ڿˮ˵֭
ˡԲͼ˵ŭ
ſʼ͵͵۲С̽ԴĻָϵĵˣǺڡ£ǿֵҸ˴һܲģǧҪ
ֵüôû
СĽͼӴ׵˵һ
ŶֹӣȥеǼ䣬һûֹ
ееġСͷҪȥһš
˾̾һ˲ͺܿ侲Ұ½ޱ߼ʣûзֲֵﶯﲻ֪ж١Щר̽յˣżͻǼ䶼ûĶпֹȻ˷֣ϡ档
˲ŲСûѣʵᵽ˿ԿֹƮζʱ¶ķǵóˡ
ûİãΨһһ
ΪƷζܻóȥȻܲãֻǱҪ׼򲻿ȱ١
˴ӵԼƤдôùĹĵġ
Ƥ﷭һóƴƿͻᷢƿӾȻȫǲġ͸γһϱӼġ
һģһСƿӱСķϣװĳֻɫҺ壬ңɫ𽥱ǳ
ԲСȫڲƿϡ
һĨ⣬ֵ˵ǽⶾҩҺģʲôϡӣû档
ԲεЦЦýⶾҩҺʲô
ⶾӦص˭֪ʲôֵûжҪҶô죿ҵǰ׼С
涾Ǿͽˡ
СţϴЦڵҳԹˣڲǺúõô
˵ݸһ𡱵̴ǰĿڴһ⣬֪ʲôɫٶȼزһſֵ
ŵСˣҪʼˣȳȥôŲ뿴СĳԻԼĶ
ԲŲԸСɿ뿪վȥĵš
һ뿪˵׵⡣Ҳˣץסһҧȥ
ܵ۾
޵Թ٣ζȴǴûԹ
óԣʵ̫óˡ
ڳĵһ޵ԡ
һٻһţһҰ޵ɵĿֵһٶȡ
ϹȻûвóԵζʳ˸̾ҪЩڵܸǾ͸ˣ
ô˵ʳٶ±졣һֻץ˼ڵǣҧһڿֵһǣǿӲһڳݼ飬Ըԡ˳ʳȥ𵽷ζ㵽ҩƵģһˬµı飬·̾Ҫ졣
ʮŵȫ꣬ǻʣ°ȭͷ
˲ؿǿ飬ͷָ֭Һſڴ󺰣ֵ̿ǣû˵евȥˡ
СľӲˣװĿֱ
ôࣿ˾ϲʡ
ĿӡС˵ӡ
˲˵صôȫùֲǰ׳ǡ˵ŴƤͳһߴ٣ȥãԵأ
Сˡ


12 
ӿֵһ֣̱˺ܾõ˸Χסˡ
ҪʮźڵǰͷܹҪķ֮һĿֵ
̧ͷһ
ǡǸǺڹˣ
˺ܸȻǵԼһŴͷͣ
㰡ֻа׵ģһ߾˸Գס˵Ϊû̵İ򵽿ֵǰұҧ׵ģ³ֵΪʲôȥİºȻˣ߳˺İ·ֵֿûԼеĺóԣ
Ͼиٱġ
棬ȴʳƿ׼ֵֻǡ
ʮſֵҪôûȥ㹻ҶȴֿտյģȻһȫȥ
˺Цһ³һŰɫ
ءϿǣʶ˼
ǸʲôһԲ¿ˮ
ΪŵˣǸЦЦſ°ɫơ
ԣһ룬򵰵˾͸⿪ɻ
ۣǸʹ𣿡
ʲôһûء
ԭʹֹһ䣬ĸշһ룬˲²¿ˮǲǺͿˮйأ
ˮʲô
жԣʴԣ
ҲǿӲԶ룬ɺǿĴ͸
ʳ𣿱òӲ֣ǳн
Χ۵˾Ĭһ˲ӶҲ̫ˣʳ˭ܳȥ
˲˵ԼԼԲа˵ʲôãǿٶʲôġ
Χ۵˼Ƭ̣½½ͷܱǿĻǾǿǿҧһ̰ɡ

ֿײ׵Ĳ²ðһѣĿתǰɫ֪ͬ˾ʲô
ȥ³ССİɫ￪ʼߦߦƵģССһŷɿһţŲԽԽԽԽĤһһ̿ڰ
˺죬̧첲סƮƮ͸ĤָڱĤش꼸£һЩ壬һһűĤ̱šϵıĤ׷ֿͳһڴ
ſڴգգۡ
Ĥֳɵϴô
ԭʼϴ˵
Ҫܡװֵ𣿡ʡ
û˰ѴӵݸôӦװʮŵ˰ɣ
Ŀһ£ش𣺡ԡ
䣬һŵ˽ȥ߷ţŴӵֱ͵͵˴ԭʼ汾ϴûһ㵯ԡָŴһ£ֻȻûơԺܿ԰
ʮſֵһĹȫװ꣬²࣬ؿ϶أɴӵǿȫûһᱻѹƵļ˼ŴҪ󣬹ٷʮŵҲû⡣

СĽӹ˵ߣ˵ʮźڵܹ˰ɣ
ºܳ𣿡
˿ܳ԰ԴӻӾ͸ܳˡϴǼźڵ죬㿴ҵΪԱҧġ
򲻵ֵұ˲ԻҪұͦѵġ
ΪĬһ롣
αܹˡοԣʣ¡
ƽʳģ࣬Բˡ˵üһûҧҵˡ
˵Ҫãתһ룬˵ҲףǾ͡Ԥȵɡ
λûʯвУʣϴǸġ
㻹лʯ˵⴦ۼؾֻнȱʯǴĶŪģܲרȥ˻ʯԼֵɣ
˺ЦЦóһ֮ǰĻʯ
вУʡ
ͷˡʯԼǿˡ
˽꣬߬Ҫߡġϴסˣһ¡
תʲô𣿡
滹кֵܶˣ̸²˵꣬׼Լʱ˵
ʲôʱпհе
飿
˳úıԴＫκ龰˼룬ΪпǳĻʯģ̾Ҫܾ
³һ֣˺ľܾԺ󶼲Ѻڵô죿İ¿ʱڣʱǲڵġ
Ӧ־ܾãһɿϡ
Ϊѣһ䣺Ҫ̸ºйء
ҵܣƶ˵ʲô̸ģŪװĴӳɲʲôóаɡӦˡܾܣʻʯ¾ͳɡ
Ƕʱ䣿
붼صûգ첻⻹Ҫĺڵɣһ㣬ѵ˾̸
û⡣
һߣ̾б˴򵰡
źڵе˼ҪſĿֵ죬ָŵҪţô˰ҿɲҪ
һۣˡ˵ʹŵͱȱĴ˸⣬˹ƵøŴ󾵲ܱȽϳ
ŵһСӱ𴦻ĿҪΡ
һӹͱ˳û򵽵಻Ͻк
Ҫһźڵ
Ҫţ
Ҫźڵ
æͣɵذÿ˵Ҫ󽫵׵ؽǡ
ֵĲˣǵһ־ԣ߳Ա໽кã꣬չȥȻһ̧ͷɵˡ
ֵ֪̯ӾͱΧ˸ˮйͨ
ǳԼŵҲû˷Ѷ೤ʱ䰡ôôͼõͷˣ
Щȴǲ֪ڶˣ뷨һ򼸿ųζٶһЩɵ˰ǳԼŵò˶ʱ䣬򵰵ֻ಻٣ҶһѷＷֻ˭˭λ˭Լһ򵽵ʹ̵ľ
ʱǲ֪иĶǰš
õſֵݹȥӹԷĽɨʣµĿֵ
һСʱֻʣʮŵٶȻ㲻
Ҫ٣ջؾվڿǰˡ
ʮţò׼һͷȺȲ
ûʮˣֻʮš
˰յؽ⻹ðѴȥô֣
Աߵ򵰵ȫߣæ⣺ͱˣ϶
Ǿǡܹƽ䣬ȥҪܣΪŵֵ𣿡
Ҫȥѽǲġ
˻ȻʣЦ˵ûѣѾܹ˼ˡǵ£ôܲܶȵİɣ
ʣµʮŵȫҪˣ

Ĳ˼


13 
αôض㣬ʣµĿֵȫ˰Բ¶˶֡
ֵ꣬ڴĽʱˡ
˽Լŵٿŵǰһʯͷ
ҪҪλʯޡ
ܸɴ˵Ҫ
ʯͷӳʮף֣㹻еĿֹ˼Լٿ﷭ҡ
˵Ұ֮ҲҪ˱߷ʡ
ûδԷЩҰӳ˷ʱ䣬ﳣҰҲҪĿóȿ
ٺ٣ҵҰ϶ûŵ˵꣬ٿóһҶסҰݸʾ򿪿
Ҷϸ˩е˼ʱ⿪ȻҿҶ¶ŵĹ
˿˿ƵƮͷϸϸ£΢ɲƸУ·лƤµҴһ̾ͱϳЩӲˮĳҩݡ
ٿӵΡ
ʮöɫĹӣֻôǼӲ磬էûʲôϡĵط
ʱ˺Ȼһ£ŲĲˤϡܿһֱڹϵĿһһ̧첲סڹϵĹߡ
ɫĹڹ߰һɲǣϿʼֳǵĺâҶּͬһʱ̣ое⴫ݽůģˣͦġ
ĵȻ
ϱӲûһҩݣȻʲôҩֹܽһȴʮֿ϶Ӷӵлϵ˾԰ܴ
ʮöӵļֵҪʮſֹĥţҪ۾ȲҪ˰ȣ
ۺң󰡡
Ͱѵֵʯµݻȥ
˲ӡ
ͣЩ㹻ҸĿֵˣһ㳬ȥԷҾͲҪˡ
ȥʲô˵ģ۸¡ں˵һҪĺڵʱҼŵͺˣ
Ҳԣˡ
˼״ЦҾϲˬˡսѹصص͵͵£ҸЩŰ죬ȵͻɢ߰˰ˣʱ÷۰ѹӰԣкЧŶɤˣûôдٽѵãѾѵģʲô˶ܰ
ڹӺͷ֮ת˼ȦЩʲôĿ΢ǹɵõҩݵϲȥ˼֡
ȴǵʣҪԺܶЧɣԷôó
Ͻӵ˵ûܱûǿɣٳɶ࣬˾дáҡϳӶ˵ֲŪ
˼˳ʵ˸оɲཻ㣿
û⡣˶ϵƺ⣬˺󼸲ٱΧˣָԭҪǶҵĹ⣬Ժ㽻ڵʵϣֻҪ˹ӣ˾ͲԼ
΢Цԡ
пӵĴͦȤȴǶ˵ڰ֣ͱٿ뿪ˡ
ĿٿԶȥ밦̾
ˣ֪һȥ͸ʮţ
ҲǽһҲ̫ˡ
Ӱû
ֵܣڵ
̫ûɽأôûˣ

ֵվȥһˣҹҪĵ˳ԼֻҰ棬ɫؼҡ
µõķϸȷû⣬֭⡣
ԵҰͱȫɾҰ࣬Լ岿λűشڿռ䡣⣬ֱȡͺá
ŽȥʲôȡȻʲô
𣬽ڻϣϴøɸɾëɵСˢմˢڼϡһζͺš̡ɢ
һŹǵһһ鴦ɳ״Ĵ⣬ָ΢΢һǵ˦Ưĵ󣬱ĵ⣬һʹһƬСеƬʹӳ״Ĵڰջһߣ׹ڼϡ
ʱһ硣
ҲȥערעǿϣǵˢˢӳӰС޶µƬڼϣԼʶһ㣬Թ˳˳ڼɳһƬ
һգۼͱ꣬ʱҲеĲ
¹ǵˢӷɿƬˢͣǷۣΣԼΨеļĥɷĩ״ĵϡ
ųʱʱһƬ
ϵġ̡УƬ֬ˢȥڼϣгɱƬ𽥱ýζд͸ݵķ϶ŷԶ
С߼ת۵СĲֱתȦḀ̇ëŴһ⣬òһֻ
𼱣ϡ
£һƬ˳ȻϲȫҲûƹ⽹ֻۣ÷ż򵥼ֵϣҲɿڣζ
Լ֣ԱߵĿ룬ϸĿһУƬ˦ͻͽ
һʮ⣬¿ӣŵƤϡ
԰ɡ˵꣬С߾ȥڵ̫ͣûɲסһͷԽ棬ճƬ̵á˻˻ӡֱС
æС̵ĵط£Ҫڸѵ䣬С߾ſָ
˻~СԴСֻڶֺõ
Ŭ̡
˻ӣСβͼ˦Сȡ
գգۣۡЦˡ
ȳȵģʵǱסˡ
һĿС߳һٰͱˣȫĶӡ꿾⣬ʯһֻ߲һ㡣ԼʳСߺС롣
Ա㣬ϴˢϣʣµʳ˵ض
ʯϣѴߴӿռŲضĴϡ
֮ǰһֱþٿιߣӶơʳ﷽棬ιĻࡣλǰ峤ˣʵǶԷ˵̫أʹ˼죬ƣǿǿֻһԹְ취ҲֻʳһӣҶһڵһι
ôΣҪάܣҪӿָƣֻһЩôУ
ȻҲֻʱôš
̾ͬؿŴϻô˺۵ĴߣιʳʼÿһƼ顣
ڴռߵƻָܴİ⼸Ѿϣˡǿռûãöڴ̫
Ҫҩֲͬʱžͺˡ
˿ǰѾֵռҩݣŹ˶þҩֲУ㲻ٹ
ҪĿģʽʼܰơ
ţ㹻˵ľϵܡ


14 
ϿֲˡͷѣƬİ飬¶ƤѪģЩطѾûŧûרڵζҩ֭ͿĨĸζ㽥ڵضƮɢ
ЩŷǳˣʵһʱȴҪ˴ߵ
ƣˡ
ŲϵһѺ۵ľˣԼҵĶʱըҪǴʵǿ󣬼ʹʧȥʶ䶼ʶѹͱĥñˡ
˻ǴεˣֵԴ
׼ȷ˵Ǿ
ȻⲢ˵оܡÿ;еģڼټٵ˾츳ʵǿǾ˾ܡ룬ֻܴͨͨĽ
ߵĴͬûͷŹһţ߰ëƵĲһҪְֻ취ҪôҩҪôҸľ߸ͨ˳
ҩҲ֪䷽ȥûҩҩҺǲͬҪޱ϶ӹɵġ
ĿǰǸ⵰
ҲǷҩɣʳҩֲʳĵҩš
ȻҩŶʱ仹ˡ
ߵȻҪõȼߵҩֲɸߵȼҩֲЧ˵õֳܲסõİ취Ǵӵ͵ȼҩֲߵȼҩֲɡռһμֲĵȼϵ͵ֲһµĸߵȼֲʱòˣǻٴ˸ȼ
ԣûǮҩҺûҵ㹻֢ĵͼҩֲǰҩŸ˵İ취ֻȸá
ôĿǰߵֻо·
ֳɵľߵǸոպãǰǲʳ¯Ļ߲ż죬Ҳʹִ򵥵ļܡˣصĴԵˣûѶȵļܣûǰǾԲҶŴߵԴֱֵġ
ѵʱɡ
ֻͨһ㣬߻ָʶĿԾͻһ㡣ˣҪԼһͷæµЧʸߡ

Դȸһߣʼⲿ˿ڡ
кܶϸСƬڴߵƤ絶Уֻǲȫҳġоͷžסߵָһļϸĳӣ˫ֲã׼ɿذѵƬ˳
¶ƤƬгҪףݽľе鷳ˡᣬٶȼȥȡЩƬȻɱش߾ҵʹ
ʵҳһõĵطȡ¶һֵƬģûôϵ˿ѿѪעǺõģƬȥĵطѪⸯûǳָõļڼгƬʱųѪ
ͷð亹ſӵȴʼȵġ
ƬԽԽ࣬ԶѳһѡгƬĹУкöദƬȡֺݺȥġ֮ôΪǼλƤƺ΢ù
ԶԷڹĥλǰ峤ĺ
˿СʱڼеƬ
ʱĴ߾ͺʹѪ̳һѪҪǮƵˢˢʣʹòͣس鴤̫ңǣڵˣͶҲѪ
ǵĻ״һֱûһʱȡƬ
ѸٰԼĴߵβϣľϵܺޱͨͨͷųǳɫһԶӿڣ˳βʽÿһ䡣ƺĵطһ˲ͺõ߰˰ˡһģҲܵõ滺˵̫صĲλֻ𵽼Щʹá
κصˣܲȫеﵽ΢΢ģС˿ڵЧ
һľϵܸˣҰĲκˡֹסѪ˿ϡС
ʱţܼľҧһѪ˿ڸֹסˡ
ܳ׺ĸɣƣߵ̱ڵϺЪ죬һ㾢β
ûë첼ҲûֱÿռĸɾˮһСһСɾϵѪ
ֻˮس壬ָȥꡣϾٺÿڲվһͿɾˣóģƻָõҩݣϸϸ飬־طϵѪϡ
һУҹѾˡ
°Ѵսռȥԡ˵ûãʤޣܱûǿ
ź峤ˣٳռһϲʳѪҺֲٿϵѪʳľͲ˷ѵ꣬Ȼˮˢ壬ȡƤˡ
˰죬ŨѪζˣջסСߵľ
ѪС߱۾˻ӡһ£СζӴϣСԴ˲ĲӣȦһСż˯ˡ

ڶǱѵġ
С߶̶̵ϸëɨڲ䣬˻˻ӡĵ͵ͽ۷ų
˯ͷ𣿡һ䣬ָСߣָ˵СͣЦʣǲǶѽ
С˦β͡˻~һ
СԻһԴϵС
û˯վͷžһ죬תһȦ˯һҹʹɢ١
򵥵ϴСߴӵضľݣ𴰻ʯ
ʳѽ׼ĿֵŪãϴɾ׼һ뻹ǳɡ
ǵߵóһСгСȻǵϣûУСеȫгɳһĴжΣȵʯ΢΢ȣץкõ۰״жӽȥ¡ζּⶡŷƬ̣ʱӭǶ
ˮΣⶡĹȡ۹棬ˮʼѸٺ档һžͺ͵ӲУ⻬
ô֦ߦߦƽţŹǵˢˢгϸÿһ·ӱȳģϸȫһģһ
ɫⶡܿɫζɢкõŽȥҰ졣һ죬һ֭Һһڣ̣ⶡ㣬ϲĵ£ʮġ
һС߳ζԵû죬ƺϲŸֻⶡһһ롣
˻~С߳ſֵͷ
Ͻյ˼
ġЦصֵгСڵСԱߡ
˻˻~С壬Դ̽Ⱥһڵһһⶡרĳ
˶꣬ιߣͱӳˡ


15 
ۼʱƽ̯λѾвڵˡ
ֵеٰһ˼ſֵȥڶû򵽵˰Թص
˼˯ͷˡǸ߼ȥ¿ӣƿʣҪţ
ΪûڶؼҺ߶߶ϾҲû˯̤ʵһľܵˡǵһˣΪԼҲǵһ򵽵ˣȴû뵽ҵȣֱߵĵ̯Ӷ½½ˣûӰ
µȣѹ㲻ǿ׳ͱȴǿһ㣬ȸԽԽ࣬˿ûǸܼĹǡҪ˵ʲô󵽣ֻȭͷ
˴һ׼û뵽·ת㱧Թһ䣬Ȼ͵õĻӦ
ԼҪŵһԼأ
õյƵģ̧ͦͷǰļ̯ǰ
ʮźڵ˴˵æҡҡͷǶ塢ŶʮŰɡǴֻʮŵģһܸˣԾٶ򼸿Űȣ
ذõŵı¨һɣΧý
Ҫʮţ
Ҫʮźڵ
Ҫ
ɿȡͬʱɨ򵰵ˡ
󲿷ֶףһֵҪһЩͷͶоģ֪ʲô֣˲粻ؾ͸ϹλáվλþҪԶˣȫһȦ
ľֵһʮŵҪôҪֵȦףֵˡ
Щ򲻵ֵˣǴѴѷߵޱҰ
Ҫǿռ䲻±¶ͺˡ
ǿѡһĿֵ꼸ͳȥһȦװؼȥʵǴӿռȡȷŽȥĿֵһ˷ʱ䣬ϵ춼ֵĵٶ࣬Ҫ;ҪģбҪ
㿪ԼСӾͺˡ
ھۼСľĴѾûˡﲻʺþס˼Ӳ˵Ҫ׬ޱѰ
ĿֵһСʱ˸ɾ
׵ƷŽûߣϵԼõˡ
ιڵԼõ𣿡ס۹֭ͻȻüŪֻۣĿ˵Ȱ㻹ȥˣǼһˡ
ʶ֪˽ĿֵشԼ۹ӵ£⡣ţƤôֻҪӰ쵽ͺá
Ҳʶ˰ڰ֣ѹɤŵʶ
΢ЦΪʲô˵ˣʲô𣿡
Ц¶ˡȷʵм£òټˡ
ϲӡ
Щʣ֪ʲô𣿡
ʶˡƬҲңҲ֪µˡ˵ظûİס۹֭ɴʹյߣƵС͵ĸ㣬ǸǸޣ
ޣȣ̫ţʲôûа
ޣ˼Ƿˡ͵˿⣬˸ͷ֮ļëƤС£ֵץ˶ܣҪȥ͵ܱ޵ģǸȺ˴ˡصǱȺľҪԵĹ涨ˡ
Ǽǳص¡
ǵϻֻ޲Żеͼƣ˵Զġ⣬޻ᱻţܽκβ䡣
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ЦЦû˵ȴϣԷܵϾҪϴָˡ
ιҪʲô°˴̽ǻʯ𣿡
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ˡǡ£̽ˣǸֹܸܲҽ
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в㵹˵仰סһһ
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ġг˵ֻҪǸʲôֹұֳ֤
˵ڴϣаһŹӣ谵Ĺ£ϵâ˸˸
˶Ź򴽣ѵʣ˵Ч
аЦζǰ˵

˾ۼأȥͱСסˡ
ĺڵСֱĿơ
ͷˡ
ѽôô졣Сתô죿λųء
Ҫ˵Ҹ㡣
ҵԸ⵫˵ȲѽСֹ̧۶һȻʹԼԴôôæʣҪȥĶʱȥط𣿡
ȥ
СôԸӣһתЦұ֤Ǹõط˵Ǹ¡ޱ벻Ҫ

ǰݵޱҵ¡ֻ֮ǰȽڻؼ˿ſֹ
ǵһεʯ¥Ҳûʱ࿴ۣͱСֱ
ʯ壬չ裬ССѹǵһȫȫ
ؿ³ʳĺ͵ϡ
ʮֲͬ⴦øɸɾһԵϣҰҰ˻һѳһСѣǲ١ҵ˴С⣬ҰǶȻ
֮ϲר˸ˤĽڣΪ˹ûԼҪʳġ
̵ţֱӾͿҪ
Сڵڵʳȫܴߣ
Сˬ˵
ҵȵ㡣Сȥ֪ͨԼİְ֣ҴҾˡ
Сһ뿪ֵ֪˶ٿſֵͲѵʳ͸ˡСֻԼȥ¥תһȦ˵˼仰ٻͷһڵĵͰǰˡ
ô𣿡ζʳѵǶܺʱŶ
ô룬Сһ㲻ͳ¥ȥ
һʯ¥ֹͣˡ


16 
š顱ر˦ϣꡱĽ
Сվ˫ֱס첲ŵض£תͷְԲҧ䣺ֳԷͲû𣿡
ҷӲءԲ˵ʯŵ۾羴֮Ͻˮλ˵ڿ
ôǡСԼʹݣĥǲλ۵ķ
ˣǸڵأôû
ѽˣСȳȥȥ
Բߴ٣ܿ㣬ˡ
СϵʱѾԼûеʳȫ˸գһҰڳԡ
˼ոմҴææˣҺ㻹ڡûߣС˿
Ұڳ̧꣬ǿֵ𣿡
ӦùɣСȷ˵
ҪһЩ׼ÿֹ
СæֹȲá㣬ȥһλ˵ġ
ˣֱ׵ʣ˵Ǹޱҵ𣿡
Сʳָָ£ѹ˵λ˾档㣬ǴǼġֻҪ⣬˵ޱңҩҺû׼Ҳܸ㵽֡
ģ۾һ
СظҴ˵ٻҪҩҺΪҸʲôҪȥֺ
˱˵߿ٵس¥ߡ
ʣ˵λǺҩҺʦ𣿡
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Ϊʲô㣿ΪԭСʱΪһֻյСʱϲԵʳ
СԻ·ûϣΪľĴԶԶԣľˣôǲǺܾϲ⣿úܲ˼飿
ӣءš
Ȼ˷ܵ˵ˡСһ˵ļЦ˵оͽгȣģҲЦա֪ľ˻ᾭʱҿĵúü춼û˯žϾ粿䶼ŵϺŵҩҺʦ˵ƽʱڲûбҪܼ˹ʺˡ
ԭʼլͬˣʾ˽⡣
Ƕҩ𣿡Сȥ׷ؿֵʱɵŤŤĳ
Сɥǰе⣬ҹһЩҩҺʦûʲô취˵ľ˱ǿٱòôλᣬұץ
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СЦҲôΪ
˻˵ò·ߵø죬ȵľסķ䣬ʯɽš
ԲЦпڵˣûɣ
Ŀǰڵͼ޽׶Σֻһ룬ޱ˺ҲûȥǸƷ˵ĵͼѽ׶ǴͿʼһ꣬Ҳǵͻԭʮޣʮǳˡ֪ǲΪͼѽ׶ʧܣ۵úܣӤʡҪһ˫΢΢̵ĺЯһ˿⣬ֻ»ԵøС
ҳˡǿ
ǾͺáԲ΢˵ģãܶԼ
Сʲôְ֣ҺǸѾаˣǽġ
ˣԲ̲һˡ
Ҫֻ֪Ĵһӵ˲Żѡôѡʵ٣̸ʲôרһľͲࡣΪԣ˷ǳ̡һȲֱȲĴһ£˶ǹಶġ
Ĳ˵ֻһԲͺ˭ҲǸ½أ
ֻҪޱ𣿡ԲͻȻʡش𣬾Ͳһᾡܰġ
û뵽Ϊ˾ܾСɻá
лл˵лĻҲСġ
ԲЦЦûϡ
ǡʱġꡱͣһɡ
Բ˷
ľ˲濿ڴϣץŰŵץŰǣװľطڵϡ
ģľҧһڵһǡ
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ԲС
С˵
ԥ˼룬ʣܻܲһҩҺң
ԲС
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ˣðģ
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ľ𣺡Ҫܶ𣿡
ŵ˵ҪܱǸ𡣡
ãľᵹڴϴЦԥƷ˲˵ĻԼážž죬Ҿϲʲô˵ʲôˡֲҪ͵ҩҺƫƫµģƲˡҪҩҺǰɣû⣡ֻҪУܻ
Բؿڣеƿ˩ڲϵĽⶾҩҺBIUͱȥһѵ
ĺʹ
֪֪ͺƤҲһˡ
û뵽ԴĻô죬Ц˵뻻ƾҩҺ𣿡
ľЦݡ¡ؾͽסˡ
˵ʲôʡ
æظһ顣
ľһ췭İ㲻ǴĸĳİɣصĿⶢϡ

ľĲؽ͵ҾǸͨͨҩҺʦǼ˾òãҪƾӦȥҼ˾ŶԡⱾ£ȥ˾ˣĻй˵
յļм˾ִڵģ֪ǵλܸߣʲô˶Ҳ֪˾Ĺרְββ룬ΪҪ֢˶޲ߵø߸ϵļ˾ǳ֡
˾ֵķΧҲ˾ѽûм˾˶ҩҺʦҩҺβ˸΢аɣ
ľ˼ԭҩҺʦþû취
ǲΣѹû
Ķȥ˾ˡ
ԣ⻹Ǹڼ˾Ŀ
ҪҩҺľӲɣǸɴóüҩҺѡ룬˽ⶾҩҺ
ֹܰҿʲô𣿡


17 
װýⶾҩҺӿʵǿռ,óһűɫĹ
ҿľĵɨһۣĿһ٣üͷĶŪ
һ⣬˭ȡ򵥴ֱúܣֵġ
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û⣬ľȴǿȥһΪ֪ˡ
űһ£ЩҩҺʦĶţ
תһ룬ҩҺʦʶʵͦġһҩҺʦҲû˽ġ
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ûҲǿõһԱ
ľʣ˵ʲô֪𣿡Ӧǲ֪İɣ֪óǶʮŵĻӲԲ˰
һһʮػش𣺡˵Ű죬ȵͻɢòࡣȻ÷۰˳ԣû˻дٽѵãѵˣаá
ľǣûˣ
ûˡͷ
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ԲС
õ£ȷʵû˵Щ룬ΪԼôȷġ
˿ȣʣĻǲǶԾѻϵкܴİ
ȻµˡľһüңȵģɵϲŲ²
ԲһԼʣ˵ʲô۲ںأԽס·˭Ƶģʣа⡭𣿡
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ԲĥŴôԳˡ
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ֻлϵ˷ʱеģʲôģͱΪԹˡľصǲΪʲôܼ򵥣ΪԹ¸ð
оܣⷽУڵõʱԼԼˡ
ǲǶԾӰ죿
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Сֹа񫰡
׳աľ̻żؽͣܰҩʳﲻټָԡԹһǳĲȫܰԹϡȱֻЩλߵȺСңԹһӾЧģҪڲϵسԲдáûӦҩųԣԹһ֡ľЦ˿¾ȷˡ
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Եǰ䣬ʵʲô仯𣿡
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ں˽ʱͲ˹⣬ȴܾȷʲô˼˵Ļٲ룬ԶԹӻͦҪġҼֻҰ飬ľ󣬾ʡʱ䣬ͦмġ
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춼ҪƤˣ
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18 
Բʱӹ磺Ұ½Ĳܵ˵Ϊ֣һǼ䣬һǻҲ䡣仰˵Ұ½ϳ˻Ҳ䣬ʣµȫǼ䡣
Ұ½жûһ֪һжٸͬҲûҲ̫ˣеڶûӴģӴȴΪĵطʵ̫ƫƧΧһ䣬Ͳ̫Զ·ģǹġ
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û뵽㣬εЦЦ
δ֪ľˣ֪ǼЩҲ𣿡
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ľڹȥһˮĨĨ͵ѾǼǹǼкüǧ˰ɡǲֻǲһǧһǲ͸ˡľ򴽣ǲ䣬ٺ٣һûС
ʶʵǲ粿Ჿ𣿡
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תúܿ죺Ҳдﵽ׼Ǽģͬ˲׼Ǽһ㣬ûиĻᡣ
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ľ
ԲһѾؿ˵֪Ϊʲô粿ᲿܳΪǲ𣿡
Ϊи߼ѵսʿ
ûԲصͷ䷱ٳ̶һ߼ѵսʿҲǱɵ
߼ѵսʿľһһٵصֻСǡšС
ô
㲻ţľͣΪΪ߼սʿôλʳָѣ̫̫̫ˣǵ츳⣬Ҫԣ
еˡ
˴һԴתʮȦĺ٣תɾʮǾ츳ˡûƣԼȺҲкܴϵ
壬ϺϺ꣬ԭʼеͨ
˵֪ԼĿ÷Ķˡ
ͬ˲䡣
ɧ粿ãλȻᲿܰȥĸ뻢ڣȥͬ˲ûеڶѡ
жٶǼԸˣ⣬δĳöӴеˡ
ľ΢΢ֱۣ治Ǹ˻ǲ˵˵಻٣һ롣
һ룿ǲٶˣ
ܶడ𴽽ǡһĶǲͬˣʣµһ粿ᲿϷ֣СеˡôһѡͶˡȲʣͬ˲ЩʺϾסĶǲ䣿
ͦİľΪ˳ԣоеĶǲ䣬ָ˵úȵѩ䣬ֵ֭ķɲ䣬ȫܲ䣬ѵĺ첿䡣һ䣬첿ĺǿǱĲ䣬硢ǿڣûеŶЩԿϲˣرҵΪ򵽺ǣòǲһ˯˺ü졣ҪҲ볢Ļҵİ취
ԲһԲ廹ҪװۣЩԾͺһڡ
˳ǡ
Ϊ˿ںǵó⡢ɫ࣬ԭʼĺǿ
ľͻҪԲòӲͷƤǱ˵ˣ˵ҿҪˮˡȥģۡ
ľܳһףԵõԿҪҲܵҩҺʦĲ˵Ҫҵ㰮ԵʳԲѡ
ԲǿջЦ˵öԡ
ҩҺʦֲҶ̵õǡ
ˡľԼ˱ˮصǼķӶҪȥĸסͿϲ͵ʳˡʳǼģķݻԿⰡⰡⰡЩΪҰҰȷʳý϶Ǽ䣬صϲǶסЩǼˮˮ֭ռ˶
ʵʳ֪ĴŻ
ʳΧ϶Ұ޳ûƵסʳΪģҰ޾Ҫ٣ҰҰֵ֮öࡣ
ȥƫ̫ԵĲ䣬ϣӵĵطʳ廨š
ΪⰡ˰ӰϲԣҪӪҪģʳĲ䣬˰ݶȺͽܶҪһЩøʺӡ
ô룬ôˡ
ľ붼ػش𣺡ǾֻǽϲĶǲˡʲôʲôûһ˵֣ʳ
Բĥ˼ˣ㡭ǲȥͬ˲䶨Ӱ
ľʵʲô׳⣬ҪҲȥ粿Ჿ䰡Ĳ̸ֻ߼սʿžаȫС
ȴǳϵġš£׼ȥͬ˲䶨ӡ
ľü粿䲻Ҫȥ粿䣬ҿ𵰵ķϾͰһ¡
ȥǼסû˲С
ллС˵Ѿˡ
ľЩ˵У㣬Ҹ˵Ķ˵ˡ
ԲæվԲ㻹ʲôʵ𣿡
˼˵һ֪ȥͬ˲䶨ûʲô
ûԲ˵ֻҪޱҽ˾С
Ҫ٣
ǼͳһޱҡסĻ˲Ǯֱӻöʸûˣƾ»þסʸ񡣳ͽޱңһһٸޱҡ
һٸޱҲ࣬ľָľôࡣľǸʲôģҩҺʦ׬ޱұͺסԻҲ˵ͲһˣǴԾﻻޱҵĴָޱҶ׬οǻޱң
಻һٸޱҡ
֪ǸΪûֻľģΪĴʻʹˡ
һٸޱһޱҵǷء
̽ʣסͰȥϳĻ̯ܲ
԰Բ̯Ҫޱҡ
֪
ľˣȴǲôãǲΪ̯ܰ׬ޱˣʵ㣬ܡ
һͷˮΪʲô
ľЦΪǲʳĲȫҶǱʳȥġҳϺܺóԣϲ˴Ų١Ȼ˵Ҳͨʳһǲ仹˵ǲͷͲ̫ˡʵи򵥵İ취һҡı飬Ǿҵˡ

˵Ҳ
лҪ˵ǣ֪ҵô


19 
ûа׵ڱľ˿϶Ҳǰ׵ġ
ҪԷӳൽ˵ͺ͡ǸˡԵ
㡣
ɻᲢǰٷְΪֻҪһ˿ϣͲ׷ɹʡһٸޱңɹǾ͹Թ԰ûȵĻޱͳȥԲԵģ⡣
Ϊʲôһٸޱң
ΪпռԽС߸͵ɽȥ׬˻ޱңٸǹ·ǹΪǲһԱ
ͨ˳ľĻϵһ䣺Ըҵ𣿡
ľЦ˼˹³֣Ը⡣
ܾ̫ɴࡣ
Ǹ˾ܾˣϸŷҪȥˣľĻʧʹ
ıұҡ
֪Ķʵòˣû㶮׼˽ԲôֻҪԼĳŵεˡȻûдľõԾõҩҺԷôԼ˴ʣ˵˶ʱ䣬кܴһġ
лһ£⡭
ðȣȷʵľʩչһʳԡ
׼뿪ľȴˡ
ƤҲ̫ˣ
ûĸ˰£ֻƮƮһ䣬ɹãɹ͸ɴת˲ٹܵġ
ⲻ԰
ĺܲ԰
˰˵ñԼƤëҪ񼸰ٱ𣿣
ȻҲûСֻ˼Ҿ㲻˼ȥҲҪһΪʲôԸ֮İɣ֪ԭܸ֪ԭûصء
ʵ˵һǧһľƽˡ
ıȫǶԴһеģͲǸճΪҩҺʦлûжνˡ


ľס˵£ڿԼ֮صʳȴܺԥ
˵ʳ㲻ľټʣ˭գ˸۾ƿأ
΢ЦȻ
ľ˰³ġֻǡµ˻ȥ
ֻʳĲȫû̶֡ʣ㿴ʳĻڼã̯˳ù
ھľȲ볢ʳֵΪԼܾˣ߳ŭˡҪʲôʳģû𣿡
ҡҡͷҪס۹
ס۹ľ˵üͷʲôʳҪõ
Բæͣ˲ϲȰס۹֭
Сչ˵ס۹֭ȡ
ľüͷܼӬǷǳϲʳ԰ס۹֭ʵڰǶﲻǷǶѣҪ˵ӰǵȡҲֱӿǸãǿˣǾͺˮôĶҪá
ģǶˮȵġûʳܲۼʵãֻľ˷ġ
УҾһΡľǿǿ˵ס۹ǰɣţȥͺáҪЩʲôʳģһȫ˵ˡ
˼£ǻ
ȵĻ䵽СϡԲҪʱ׼Ϊ˷񣬱ԸŮ̫ģڷ˸ɵۡ
ľԼڴԽԽ˿
Բزյ΢ʵ벻ͨҪԵҪʳˣľĸֲġ
ԲĬĬ˳˷䡣
ľΪʳ̣
𣿡Բʡ
ͷ˵Ҿʣͬ˲ЩϲĶǲ䣬粿Ჿ
ľȥͬ˲䶨ˣ
š
ԲȻ㶼ȥͬ˲ˣʲô
Ϊ˱ܿ鷳
⴦Ҳ粿Բ𿴹ܵģȻ粿йϵܸʵͱҲס粿䣬Ժȥȥ粿治ìܰɣ
⵹ǡԲûлɣеĶȷʵֻ硢ǲ򵽡һŽ˵ģҾɽͲɽͬ˲䣬ʵϸ粿ϵʲôè壬ԲȻϸΣĲ仹ˮ䡢䡢ಿ䣬Լ䡣
𣿡״ʣʣµǲǶúԶ
ԲЦ˵ˣľȥ粿ҪҹĲʱ͸ˣٵҪʮҹҪʮҹ
ʱٺϱһһҹǶʮĸСʱҲ߲ݣ·ʱֻ
ʣǸҪʮҹĲʲô
仹ͦģסڻҲ˶֪Ĵ
ղ䡣ԲȻЦ£Ŀⶢϣʵزһ䣺ʵͦʺȥġ
գգۣҾȥղȣ
Բţ𣿡æ⻰˵˵ǽȥղ䡣
ûϵڰ֣Ҿƺͦġ
ԲһѾ˵ղѾͬ˲ϲĶǲˣģ׵֡
Ϊ˽ף˵ղĳʷ
ղǰǿʵΪǲģԴӲһЩ˱ߺ󣬾͵˶ǣʵֻŵһǲ
ʵһǣȼȴڶǣ
ʣԲŵʵֻһǲļȻɹŶǲͷ֪ΪʲôɣΪ˵һЦõǺÿ
ÿ
Դ벻
ۿ׷ǳĶࡣղȲ壬۹߰Բĵظ̫̾׷ˣĲǿȥ׷ǣ͸ղᡣղ˻ӣȺļҳһûô׷ѶҲϵͣͦϲǶܡ
Ҳûʲôɣ˵ȥղˣЩ׷׵ĶδĿ˰
ԲεصϿղ׷߶ܻ࣬ͦӭɰܶǲƲղġ̾ȭͷǵղĶǵײƾʵġ
ͦͬġ
˴򵥴ֱϲϿھҧտصֵ壬ڲ漰ʱеͨһ棬ζԷķһǾЦˡ
ȥղ䶨ʲô
ûǾȥղ䡣硢ԶһԭǱڿǵڶԭ򡣲ղʵֻҪ϶ǲͷõӦеıˡܵĺô٣ʵں
Ҫģ뱨ǹƥСղûй̶ĳǿȺͳ죬Ƕ˵ǶԴ˵ʺϵ𡢵㡣
ԲûһͰݵᶨĿ¡
ܼ򵥣ޱңò
òֵԽߣյޱҾԽ١
òֵԽͣյޱҲԽߣǻֱӹ
㡣Բɫӵ˵ۣޱҵĻᶼûаɡ
лҪ˵ллֵػСʹӪҺ(ţ3)


20 

ĸ
ڵ˵ʲôĶеԶ˼ôסеޱøʵʡ
˵ܿˢȥղ䶨ӵĻǴСǲҲУȻһΣһ䲻ΣֲǴ࣬ǰ滹иޡءԼǿ˿϶аɣ
ֵһԡ
ҪȥղԲѯʸôȥղ䡣
㲻ԲʱҲĸղԵˣڴ⴦Ҳ䣬粿ͳµģղȽϽĲˡþʹȥղ伸Σľ˽ʮɡеĻʱҪ߲ҲҪʮҹ
ȻǲԸߵģǰ쵽ҹزϸ·
Ҳľ𣿡ۼؾʹ¿һȦûмľ֮ĵ̣⻰ʱҲûʲôϣȴԲ˳ϵĻش
ġԲ˵ľҪޱңöǳѣǼһ￴۵Ķǳ١֪ģﻻޱҵ˶ޱʵʵģĶóҲȥ̫ԶĵطҪõľĻἫ١ԣҪľĻǰԤҪ֧һޱΪ𡣡
Ҫ٣һľҪޱң⻹ûУ;ԼޱҪˡ
Բɵ˵Ҳ˵׼ÿҪʲôľҪĻʱСȥʾ֪ˡ
Ͽҵصл
ˣеͼԲѵֻôȥղ䣬ǼһĵͼҪϸˡҲָһݣܲԼŻһ
лл㰡֮ϲ
ԲЦ˵ʵҪõĻľҰҲԴǶޱҿ϶Ҫ٣Լȥ׽ҰޣͬҪ˷ѲʱҪʺϵģҵҪѱ̡ȻҪǲż⻰͵û˵
е㶯ġ
Ұޣԭ׼ԼȥץġҪץĻҪƬ֣һЩǿҰ޵ĸʾͻӡ˵оףҰҪõܾͻ࣬ʺҰ޴󲿷Ⱥӵġ
߶ףʹһֻҰҪޱپɡ
ʲôʱܹôӻôӻÿٿޱҵأ
һһĵÿģҪǷʳԼľ
ֱˡһ£ľڷ䣬ԲǾȻ
СڱſӼʱˡ
СƿǴŴʡ
ɨһۣӣнٿˡ
ޱģȻĻǸԼİס۹üҪ±ö˾ֳôһôࣿ
Сۣĥĥ˴춼Ըң˵ʲôҪţ̫ࡣҲ֪ǵС˼˭ҪѾЩĥôֳҵޱңҴӦҲ⴦ҲޣôС۵ҿҪһӣ
ǲעֻȥľҪˡ
ĵѹֱҪƷˡ
ԼŰǲãǲá
ſӱ
ľһһֻŲС󱬵ҩҺƿһִֻŰһƬƿ鿪ʱɹȥĲƬľһָסðСѪ˿ڣҡ
Һû˿
ùϴɾչһһŰס۹ʩɾǱ㡰ǡһѿ۷׷һ㲻©ȫչС
ѸٵһʮŰס۹Ų๻ˣһԱߵ룬ȱõˮչˮò죬һһ㣬ССӽȥһֻҲ̽ˮغ
ܿ죬͵ǡôž³Ρչϣŷһ΢һ
ջܹʼ͡
ͦ࣬˳úͼȽĴ޷⡣Ϊٶȸ㣬ѷг˶ȹȣⶡȫŽȥУˮ͸˳
ʱʱ輸¡ζƵչðݣ齥СΪɫ
õͳγͨ͸ҨչɫƵʢľУϸİǣһ鵽ִ࣬óԼˡ
СһζӾϡ
ҡܳһ𣿡˿ڿˮ
ͷ
СȲһ̵ء˻Ҳ֣͡ꡱҧ
УζζɢСһ½һ̽ȷӦһѾ˿ա
С
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ᱻŪģ
Сĵ˵ҪҪŪ
ҡͷͳˣҪҲ
ôóԵʳȻ׸λ˵ģ㾿ҪʲôƿӣʯһŶóŵ˼ϡʲô
ס۹Ūġ͡
Сصɴۣס۹ܱááʾ֭һݵôӲ𣿡
šĵ˵
ûߦȣ˸ֵӽá
ϾȵһۣӱߦɱȳƵһƤƤĨ;ŹǵˢˢгɴСһӣٰһһߦɱܾͬȵСƤʮָɣǣտڡ
ŵãȾܶľζǿֽպöȣǶൽ
һļ壬ˢͣǵߦɰƴͷŵС
ɫƤȾϽƣ΢΢ʱʱ棬죬òһ£ƴĽǱӾԾһ˵Ĺ켣䵽ľϡ
ƤڵظճžС
ҡСԣȴ³ѿزסȫԹ⡣
ϵǱǸġ˵ľǱԼȥɡ
СͷøСƵġ
û취ﻹζٳԼǱӣɻᱻľų
СмĿ¶ľ̽ľķ䡣
ǣΪҪءľˬص
΢Цľ̷ŵϣƿӡ
ʲôľ˶ӣɭλιϡʳôŲζ
ߵضڿƭĴƭӡ
Բ߽Ȱȳ
ðɣĲô𣬳ⶫ˵ɫԸΪѳһڵġ
ţһڣССһڡ
ľֵһǱüͷ鲻Ըҧһڡ
ִƤϸġꡱҧһСȱڣİǾ˳
ģûȫڻǽϸϸİЩ΢ĥɰУһȥʱݼ䶼ƺһ⡣
ľ̵ͷڽǱ£ţڶǱ


21 
ôΣľ̵òͷȴԿƲסһһǱ
ʲô
ʲô
˿ȫͨͨΪһǱ׵˾⡣
ǴЦ΢΢˿
ʳкܶ࣬ʳĲ£ʳʵޡ
ҪҪǴ֮ʳȻܿͷˡһûдףҵģʹױе΢Ĳ𡣶֪ûǴʳܾľʳ氮°ǿ֮ĴŶԹ
ģûеģľҲһʱĥôʳ
ԿֵҪͿǣ룬;Ǳˡ
ӱűȽоҪģһҧȥŨŨǽ˲
ľ˵𣬺Ͷˡ
ǱƤܱҲҧڶͦõġƴľھܸɵһҪǰ̫̣ľһһһ
ľﲻ಻ٷŶʮǱľٶȶ̶Ƭ̾ͳԵֻʣ߰˸ˡʱҲ΢ܰסȵ̬ˣŵƷʣµǱӡ
һؾҧųԣһһڳԸ⡣
һֽǱҧǽһڣȥ᲻ʡˣʽеһ£һ
ڣеǱͱ˸ա
ľ̵죬ָͷ
̫ˡ
ţ߸ӵĲˡгԵϲʳãûԹĽ꣬Ǳ̫ٶĲϣٶһԸΡ
ľԼһᵽְֺ޵׸
ԲʲôĬĬشͷβľһ˳еʳʼûȵԷҲһڡľԵʱԲʮοˮ
ǱЦ˵

ͣԲεʳƷ
Բʣʲô
˵ס۹Ķ
Բ컹Ҫʣľˣ㷳أʳôʵ𣿶ôȤôȥǼһʰ
Բҭͨ죬ϽضǸ˼ҲҪ̽ЩʲôľûԼĺġ
ҩҺʦԼҩҺýһԼʳҲײ֪ͬƣҪġ
ԲΪϸ첲ϸȵöԼе̬ȻҪڳܲȷԲóóȻ͵ˡ
û¡⣬ľʣҵǱô
ľܸɴ˵𣬺ܺóԣҺϲ
ʳõ϶ҲܸˡЦ˵Ļҵĳŵɹˡûб飬Ҿ뿪ˣ
ľ˺ðΣȻȥ̯ˡ
ţ
ľ˵𵰺̯ҲֻﻻҿԸޱҡ˶٣ߵҲС
죺Ըҵˣ
ľֿ죺ֻҪҳԸ
Բ̣ûסˣղ䡣
Ͷľ˵꣬ӦͶʣ˵ĸ䣿
Բش𣺡ղ䡣
ľ۾ʶͿ⣬ôѡղ䡣Ҫȥղˣ˻ƨã
Ҫȥľľʡ
ͷǸ˵ҿ²ܴʳȥղҪ׼٣⼸춼ûʱ䡣׼Ҿͻ̳ԣܱǸ
ȻҪľ׬ޱң뾡뿪ղĿʤޱңԴϵޱξͼ˲١ĶӷѲˣԺпռ׼ţȥղֻҪҸ˵ĵطסžС
ݴԲǶ֪ĶǲĴۣ׬ÿס޷ѵĻĵġ
ľûסĵλҲǿˣֻƵؿŶԷԥת뿪
ûãޱҲûãô죿
ľĳ˼С

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СţֱӰѿսռֻܱϱһһ鷳鷳˵㣬˵ʲô˸·
ľסԶҲĺԶĵطС˹գ˺üС󲽸·˰СʱŵĿĵء
ǰһס÷еһƴľӡþɨȥľķӲ࣬Ҳиͨһ㡣þһЩʲôȻײһϡ
һ£æջؾҷš
Сǰ˼·žƿ˽ȥ
ĿһľľĵӡһǽϹ⣬ſڵǽǴ˸һ߶ѷչ꣬һͰˮ
עһǽǵļֲסˡϸĸԲԲɫҶƬҶƬɢŰɫԲ㡣ֲİ֮ǰҩ
ǵģҩݡ
ɵò²ľ˵
˵ʮӣϵľš֨ѽƿһ˴
ﳤòߣҲƫ֣Ƥܰףò㣬ʮꡣ
ʺܳȣһְĿɿĸоȻһޱ˼ìܵıС
塣СԾִٵؽָ˵Ҵľ
˳ָɫ
Ϊʾ£ϾΪõģ˰ûڶˡֻǿһջߣתŵ߹ȥ
ɡصˣԼȥ
С¡
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ޱؽͣЩľֵܵסͬʵҰ޵ĹҷԽǿԽ̣ҪĸԼѡ
һȦԲ˼ʣ˵Ҫޱң
ɫ˵СޱңеȵʮޱңĶʮޱҡ
˵ľõľϾͱͨǿһ㣬Զһ㡣ԭʼȻľʵƵЩª͸էǸһķӣڸڳʲôװ֮ͨͨûС
Ǯͦ󣬻ɺޱҾǧˡ
СȴЩȵ̧ͷǿ˿ףֿ˿һͷˮ·ʲôסһƬ̣ûзӦƤ£زʹɫ
ѡѡС˵˶ŰεЦ
ײ߶ϡ
ûôؾ͵ҪСġ
ôġСľС϶ҲװС߿Բϣ߾ͼڿռ䡣Ժȵȵȫװռľ΢ŵͷŵʳ˶Ŀ
ˣСľ㹻ˡ
׵ͷʣҰûУ
ʵûУҪҪСֹĸоֳˡ
û룬ֻûУʲôҰ𣿡
ԡ˵˶٣׳ȫû뵽ĻҪĸֱ˵㡣


22 

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СԴ벻ֻܹͨûĺڵ֪ʲôʱȥͱˡ
ʾԭӦľϡֻҲ˵ͨҰʲôΪ׸ӦøеԼðľҲˣֱӰŲŶԡ
ڰ׶Լһ飿ʾܣԷĿ˵ϲˣһԵĺøжҲͬԽ͸ۿ˭ǻ
عܾòãҪҰޣԼС
Ҫ룬Ǻûʲôƽ޹ʾܵġȻ֪ǰΪʲôҪҰޣûĿһǼٵġ
ü˵㡣
ᶨؾܾԼ򡣡
ޱضǲϰһ˼룬ƲԴ¡
㡣׶֣ȻټرһҰ
ѩë𣿡ʡĵһֻҰ޾ѩëޣڻǵʪĴ۾
˵УҸղ˵ЩҪһ㡣
ѩëΪȽȣٶҲܿ죬˳ӦǿʳݵԭһҰǰéĴڣǳܾ󲿷˵Ļӭ
Ҫޱңŵʡ
Ƴһۣʮޱҡ
ȥС죬Ͳ²ǲޱҪˣϾԷűʾҪҰޡ
㲻ÿûҪޱҡ׵˵ֻһֻѩëޣܹûãޱҪĵһЩ
𣿡ѯС
Сæͷ˵û
ҾҪѩëްɡ˵˵µľ˵Ұˡ
ѡҰޣתľһǰвУòá
ſһȦСؿڴ׼ޱҡ
һɡ׽ͣҰҪܸ㣬ʱһޱҾС䣬ԲܹˣһǷĵġ
ûľ׼Ұʱһȡľ
ߵ·ϣСһֹӣûȵ˵ĻƲСӰˣͷصسȥ
Լأ¼򵥵ķڽ˿ռ
һ̽ռ䣬Ϳ˴ߣϰԵؼƣûж񻯣ע˿ռϡ
ӣڿռɢɢ˲ٶҰҰģҩнʮ֣ҩֲԶȴֻ֡
ʱɲó
Ѳϣӱ¨óҳ鷢ѿп飬ѿ˵ˮͲٹˡ
ĿռúܣֲڣֻҪﳤģֽȥȫܻ
ʯ¥ĳõµĹӡһַۣƤ֭ˮ㣬ˮҵζһһϹжʮŹӣѴ󣬺ںģζӺζ򵥴ֱذѡӡ͡ӡǷֱװϡ
ͬˮֺãͿʼȦء
Ŀռ䣬ؿܴһƬ϶˲ٶȥҲˮ˺һѹʲô仯
죬յ˳ֲ֮ô
Ϊ˽·ϳⰡ⣬Ϊȥδ²׼
ȥʳҪʳİɣޱҲһеǰ£Լֶʳľͳ˱ѡ
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ǴĶҲ٣еطĿǰ룬ҲǼȡƩܾ֣ǻһġοҵĵһáȥղȻֵǱɾͶˣһǧŹƶס֧Ųס
ҪԴԴϵĵҪճ̡
ȻһҪͿƲס̡
ռûԶܣ
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ңӰأȱָʱӲͷƤҪϡѼţö¿лûŹûٳԣʺҲûٲ
ҲΪʲôûһ͸ԭ
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һԭΪռıֲֻһ¡ʱ͵һ⣬·ŽȥᱻռΪ쳣ĨﵹûϵΪһ޶Ķ˻˵ÿζҪٽʱҸտĵطǡ
ϱûܣռ󶨺пռڿռþֲֲ뿪ռ侫ͷŲˡԣÿռնҪִſԡ
Ҳ˵󣬵һֻֻȥܰսȥ
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ռ⼸õģһƬƬľ塣ҲҪŪྫϸ෴ȦȦúֲܴڡ׼һյأСþٿľŻλãʵʵȦ
ľһƬƬķͳһһΡ
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ǲе򵥣Ū˼ٶȼٻľ¡ľϵܴ
˼ѪƵķ賤׵ĺϵĻƵġССĻ䳤֮ĺÿ
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ޡ¸ޡޡޡޡֽΧƽ͵ҰޣÿһȺͻһЩŲռÿռУҲֵټ
Ҫϣ
ͨЩҰŪȥͿʼʵһ㣬ҲʵζҰˡ


23 
һһֻǵ, ۾СȴóԵĲ˵, β׹һŻƵĻβ, Ļʱһ͹ƤӲķ·ӵ䲻, ˰ȴ˲ֵнƤޡ
ЩȺӵ, ӵĽ϶ࡣҲ̰ģֻŹĸȥ׽Ļ, ոһԻǺ׵ġ
һ׽Ұͽռ䣬һҲֶŪǳԵĶȥصĺý־һƬĲ̺ҶҰطѾҳ㡣ⲻľͶഢǣҲ㣬޺͸¸֮ķֳҪ̫졣
ռҰС̵ģͬζ̾кöࡣЩúȣЩ˻̫Ѻ, Ժٿ
֮, Ū˼䳲ڵӺͳ, β, һֻֻĺڷԴһͨĻһء
ҲǸ
ϷɵĵܵĶ, 뿪ȥ˺ԡ
ֻ׿۲֪Դͷ, Ҳ֪Ķ, ˮú
λεкü, Сһָ, Сȳ
һָС㳤ŰɫƬ΢͸е࣬úȻȽϷ㡣ΪŰʱڻ棬ֻһ̰̰׵
ЩȽ٣һԴС󣬸һĹԲģȡ˸֡
˲ٷŽռСϺӺͺзȥзϲʹһһз
ʳĵĹУϵ౭ӣӹȵȷŽռʯͼ壬ľľҲ˲ٱá
ŪһϵĴʯס
һæʱͲ֪ع÷ɿ죬ĺڵҹɫƵߣԴﻹʲôȱ׼ġ
صȻϴͶιСߣͺ˯ˡ
һϴ꣬;ֱŰ׵סȥûߵǰͱ˩ڷǰԶϵѩë޸סߡ
ֻѩë޸ոճûãʱһֻҪСȦֻֻȥôӲֻһ˫ˮĴ۾Ҫ
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ȥţ׾˳̱һ쳣ʡֻ˵˼֣ʮޱҡ
㺮ѼĬĬµߵĻĬĬһõޱóݸ˰ס
׽ӹûʹ̧Ƴô
ҪҡͷȻȻ˵Ҫˡ
˵еͼ̽ʡ
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ӹչָĦϳͼһƤģֱһֲ·һ⻬⻬һչͿһֺɫ֭ҺдһСͼꡣһСķ䣬ߴϻԲʾɽĻһΡ
ܵ˵ûرĶУöͦһĿȻġ
Լ֣Ȼû㱾ѹѧ׸ĵͼϣеĲ䷽дľ֣һֱȼֻҪӼ֡ڷûֱģ²ҪôЩڻҲ䲻ֵһᣬҪôǲ̫ӣסд
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С߱紵е䣬תһȦȡůϵ̥ëɦЩ̲סЦ

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˲ͽСķŴȸںһĻǼᵽеѪζ֪ȥˡ
ľ
ĴزصӣľսҺİֱ˦ץǵսʿûûҹЯʳ˶ûʱȥҡƣšΪ˽ʡΣΪαװҰ˵ζȫһɣپϮ
ֲܼԣӻӵİȴСԶĵطûȥ˼ȦҵҰӣҾɥʱͷ˵ľΪ˰º̣ƽһ͵ж
ٵľǰľϵؿ˿ڣҵľɡ
ɫһ䣬صǸԲҲ͵ıҵİƽ̣ٸ𣿡
ҩҺʦľһ仰סңóһƿҩҺݸСʾźڹһľȥչҩҺˡ
Ƕ̣СС̣ӹҩҺͼؽľ
ľʼնֻе͵͵ʹ˺ѷΡɵøֲ̾սʿ˲٣˰ҲñһʲôŮֽԭʼĴѹ溺ɰ
Сü죬ľʮӣʹСϲˣֻСڹ
˷ܵ캿һ¡أһڵϣӡ๾ࡱ˽ȴеˣĿľϡ
ˣֻСҹ
ۣһŵ

һСʱڹһֻС̡һһһڻңԼŵȻ˺ڹΣǻҵˡǺǻǺڻңõȵƿ˲
ľṩҩҺ˳Ļָʱ򣬺ڹܻˡQûǻңԱ㣬ͳŲХͱ̱£ʯͷľѩë޶˼ڣѩëޡݡֱС
緹꣬ڹȸ侲ִ࿴ۡ
ܲǵӣ⻰Ƕľͬʱʵġ
ľܾҪЦ׷ʳģй̡
е뷨ֻһҺ¹ı飬᲻á
Ϊ޵𣿡Һ͹ϵӡչ¶ͼе֡
ҵءš£û취ȥԼϵӡ֮ǰҲΪһҩҺҩҺǹ͵͵ģѾûˡ
Ҳ᲻Լ̣ɸֻ·ûӡܽȥ
ľа취𣿡
ľϻش𣺡УֻܰӡܳȥⶫһʯͷĥɷƳɵҩҺģû취
һʯͷ𣿡
СľͳݸҪµʳ
¡ҧء
Цû⡣
⣬Һ͹ѡ̷ҩҺһߡΪ˰ʱ䣬˵ڶ磬ľŵִղ䡣


24 
ղԶԶȥ, һƯ
İɫʯש, ÿһ鳤һ, , һʮ׸ߵΧǽΧǽȦһU, һֳȭͷİɫ껨١ϸ΢, ¶͸ĻΧǽΨһȱڴþ޴ľɵդƵšſڱֳĸڣսʿء⣬߷ֱŶʮսʿ
Ǿղе˻ôΪһҩҺʦľһпҩҺĻݲݶŨȤ
Сʣʲô˻
ľ¶Ը߰Ц˻Ұ޺˻Թȥղĵһι˽ø˷ǳĺ塪ԵޣҲǼҰ޺˶ҪιȥԾ˻֡
С곶˳, ֱױʾԼû
ľ, ŤͷȴûֺõЦ, Լ, һһֲӽ
Цؿˡɫɱ, ˻ղһҪķϡǽɡľ߳ͷֻҺ͹վԭ, εغǿϡ
Һ͹Ƕ, ԾƮš
⸱ģѾά˺óʱ, ӵ֪Ҫȥղ, һ·սսҲûƽԴ仰ȥѭ
Ҫȥղ䣡
Ǹϵղ䣡
ΪˣԼǿ߷ţԻҡԼİ£ѹʵڱǸ
Ҿ͸˵ˣԼʱ򣬾ֱֻǲǸ˵á
ԽǿҪߵղſڣ˾Խǽŵֱð
һޱҶûУҿɥ˵˵ܿޱҾͽĻʹǵ̽ȥɡ
أ
˵ꡣĨ˰ȥľǣס¡һڲԣ͸ýȥ׬˽ҪޱңҾܽȥˡԺģܽȥ˵
ԥһҲأҪǰСչ˼죬ҺһԣҵĲ
˵ԣǵİְ֣ȥԲŶԣ
õصƲ𣿸ҲҺҾʤ
ˣҷȥôң

ˣҪˡ˵ĻޱҰǳ
Һ͹Ȼ˵ôУǶܶʳˡ
ҪҪҴ򹤣˵õİ취
Һ͹һۣ򹤣
ǰ¡ͣҸṩס֧ޱҡи¹ܳԹסǮǰڵġ
֮ãϲֱͷУû⡣ǿ֮ǰԵʳЩޱңϽ벿佻ޱңʲôʱٸޱҡ
ԡ
̶ԴԼʳ¯Ա
ϸڵȽ˲վղǰ۸ԸȥĸŶӡ
ղĸڣֻһǳڣڡΨһĳڡһڣǶղרáڶڣֻ治ӵרáڣղ䶨ӵרá
˾̶һ볯ŵȥ
ʱ֣Ѿ࣬ǰʮˡǰһ£͵͵˿ǵȻһ˧¶ѡھŶǶȨǿš
Чʳϵĸߣ˴ķӣֵ
ÿڵĶһһˣҲ֪ǲΪ۴ƴ䣬ɻۡ
һ׵Ĵ˺ͣٿĿ˲١
úܺãۣԱߵ˽˸ղ
¶Լ˵ıϸʣʲô֣

һľһһ̳ԭʼġ㡱һġ㡱

ĲǼʲôá
˿ֵ꣬Աָ߰ӡ
ָӡ
˺ƢץסĴĴָմ˵ʯʢŵѪ֭Һʹľϡ
֭Һ˲ľ壬Ĳָơ
һ˵
ɺһľһľ屻ϸװ
ҪӰɣԵĴϰԵظһ䣬ϾвɵŴڡ
ͷ
ЦҾ֪϶Ҫӵġ
Ǹʵɵԡ
תѩë޳İëҳСߣŸ˿ҵ̡
˿һۣ˵ûεĲü¼е̶ӡ˼˼һޱңȥںߵķ䡣
ľڣڵľ
ľֱͷšʦ֮һ˦űʹݵСҡ˽Ūòöӣʱӡ
Ȼǹ༰Ҫ֧ʮޱҡ
Ȼǻңֻһ۹Ȼ˰ȥ
ģǱ
չ˺Լ̡
һᾡ׬ޱܽġ

ȵȣͬʱ
ûͨΪ˿һĻľˣָŻ˵Ҳҵʹӡ
ЦЦ̣ʹİ£
ᡰš¡
̫ˡ˵תңİº̶϶մǵĹ⣬ҲܽȥҪٸޱҡ
ﵽһĻң
׼ޱҵ˵˽ޱȴ裬ˡ
ľֺصҵʹӣޱҾͲý˰ɣ
áҲſƭԼšľһЦȻá
һоȫղ䡣
ڣڵ൹ûսʿˣȡ֮ŹʮľͷĴӡ
㡣ľȥ߷Ǽˡ
Ϊû˵ĸ䣬ͽķ
Ӽ࣬ûжװΣһľǰ涼ա
Ӻʱֻһˣ˿۾һֶ̧˻ӡ
ղ䶨ӵ𣿡ʣõ϶Ļشӭӭǳӭ
Щ죬߹ȥ£΢ЦʣҪʲô
ʲôҪЦе˵ֻЩ⡣
ɿʰɡ
˾ͱһľЦеⶼЩľϣԼɣȤԼľϰָӡС
ľ͵Ǽݵľ嶼ͬһֲʣɢ޵ζҲţ׵ĺȡӰǶĵͼһһ΢ֲڵ·һ⻬ޱȡ
ľ崹ȥƬ̺ľת˾ʮȣپʮȣֱתʮȡ
ʵڿĹ


25 
Ĺ, һ㶼ţ
ľ˰, òǿǿֱľϿܴҲһͷ
⻹Ҫ˴ӰǶĵͼ, ʾղǸܳȴ̵ùؾصСͷס
Ļ, ǵͼϵͷǿ, ڿľϵͷǿݣô
һųͷʮСͷĵһľŵһ, ڶľ
ճһڶľ͵һȫʲô
Ȼǵľ壬Ŀľ壬ľ塭
ʮľ壬һëһ
ŲͲҪװԭĸ̣ľϻʲô
˸һ쳣񣬼ֱڿһäһԾʣ㿴ˡ
ӲͷƤʵϣ
ͷǰ˽͵, ⻭ͷǰ, ôῴճ̶ϵó
֪ͷ, ǲ֪һͷʲô˼
Ǳʾ˿ڣ
Ǳʾȥˣ
Ȼһ, òصذɣǼôѾǵ֮
Ȥ𣿡еʣҪһ, ûơ
Ҳɴֽһľǰ, ɡ
ľ巭, ¶дֲ·һ, ôĴָʹ˴ꡣ
ĿתĶ, ôøνƵģƼʹǸط¶һ
ף˺ܾϲץľ壬Ȼ纵ڵأеľʯ͵ط£ص³ϴһϲ̫̫̫ˣ
һãȻʣʲô˼
㼴ΪʳƷ˵˼ָľޱĵظǼ֮أʱٰʳ㿴ŴͷǾʹղ䣬СͷǴ䡭
νʳղܱߵһЩٽǼٰıأҪԳԼʳ
ԣʳ
Ȳ˵жٸÿһʳһθٴ󾿾ܲȫֿ⣬ֻ˵ʳﱾζûҪ˶Բȥ
ʳʲǴѺֻ໥ԳԳԱ˭ԵöеĸĿ
ּǸ졣
ʳǳ˲κλ෴ǵ⡢ģȫֵ֮ʳ
Ψһȱѳԡ
ʳ֮ѳԣ֮ϧΪ˲˷ʳЧʳƷ˾Ҫеʳ˵һĳԺУôڲӰʳõǰ£ֻζиһ
˵㣬˺ȻƺҪ⣬ŵʳ𣿡ҡͷæſᶯ֣˽Ҳԡ
ûѵصͷϣһᡣ
̫ˡˡžӣ㵱ʳƷԱûˡ
ʵϣᣬҲҪδζղˣһҪԶԶġ仹ô㣬ղҲû취ղĺã඼ǰˣ˭ԸȥѳԵʳԼģ
ʳЧȴҪóԲֳ
ҲէʲôҲÿľʲô˼ʵһʼڳˣ˷ΪˣľϹ˹ϧ֪ڶԷȷʾοͲѡ˼òĵĲ¡
ȡ֤Լݵľ壬Ĵָմ˴óĳɫ֭Һÿľ尴ָӡʱմ֭ҺɫָͬӡȲվ뿪ˡ
˰͵ſڣͬʱѣľϰָӡһľҲųָӡԣסҪŶ~


һ䣬ӭС˵ĺѯʡ
ʲô

ǣ˵һ顣
Һ͹¹궼һΪӡʱʲôԲ£
Сû˵ǿʾ˶
⵹ǡҹЦЦ뵽⣬Ҫμӱ
ľܹأ
죬£ʳԵģֲ
ڷĴǡÿҵĻ֣ȥȥȥȲ˿ԣ˾ԲС
ң
Ŀ䡣

ϼʣʱ䲻磬Ҹطסһҹ
֪סĵطôŪС˵ȥʱܵڸʹˡ
Цʣʹô𣿡
ȻСصҸǴ·
Ҳ洦̯ܰӣǼҪй滮·Ϊĸ
д̣ҲԼסͿһõġ
סլֻסˣԸɱġ
̯ṩ˰С̯ӵĵط
ѧУݹȡ㰡ȵȣ
ĸǰֲԲ״ķݱ֮䣬ղסĵط
̵쳣ƽ̹ɲľһͨʯ·ϣż۲·ϵˣ̬ʵȻҲҪǿһءܶ˴Ķ鲼·
Ǽľ߰˷ӣݹڹͷλãһ۾ܿݹ˺ܶ࣬µ˸࣬˱ȽٵĶ飬ʮӺǡ
ⷿӻӣʯйµص
ʣⷿ򷿷ֱҪޱң
ÿ춼Ҫشٴ⣬ѹĲͷټ˵ȫʯͷģСһͬһ֡סĻһֱʮٸİٸޱҡĻޱҾͶˣһʮޱңٸޱңٸޱҡһ䣬ðޱҸԸˡ
ޱҺͻޱҲǼ򵥵һҰ٣ƲѣɵϲŻðޱȥޱҡ
ĿǰĻֻһСʯҪȴǶʯ
ȻޱҲǾʱ򷿣ʯá
Ҫʯ˵Ҫ̵ܿĵط
˵棺Ƚޱҡ
ʮޱңʮ졣պޱңóһʯֲľõλô󲿷ֶˣڶûͷĿշѡһٽֵβʯ
ֵľֱӿҲһޱңָѡʯݵĸڣԸҪ
ʣ»Һ͹Ƭ̣˸ԼʯݸĶʯݡ
ޱңǼǣԼԭʼļҡ


26 
÷˾Ȳؽһλ, ʷӵ, ״ֻЦЦ, ת߳ݹ
ȥһӡԸľ˵
Ϊ˽ʯľ, ʲôȱʲôһŲ֪, ľʯʱû˳۲;̵Ȥ, ֻһ˼ͷ·
ܼĽֵԽǳβķߣ˾ͽҲԽԽ١
ľٶȼͣʯǰ
ÿʯݷ϶һеͼΣ޷ĨǼһֺͼΡ
ó˸ԿסһͷԲ׶ϵĶ棬Բ׶Զ˽ȥ, ֻһ˵Ļ, ָʮ׵ذ¹
Կƿ, ֱȥԼӵľԼô, ͻ΢鿪ʼιԼ·
ʯÿһ㶼һٶƽףÿһ㶼, ÿ붼˻ʯأûд, ų˫˴ƤӡƤԲͬҰ, ƴӳСһģһ, ٰŴƤһ, Ľǽй̶
֮⣬һ׼ľӣϰڷһʯʯһʯס
תһȦֻⷿṩסˮȣˮʱ֪ҪĶȥȡ
ӦǴˮõĴʯ׸ɵöһ㱡ˡ
̵ԼռĿ棬ȻεصóۣȫĲ˵ߣҪɶȱɶ
Ƥãϰ˯ذ壬ԴҪ
ʯԴСľΪҵĵķУ̫СˣҪӰҲҪС
Ҫڸӣ·ʲôС
ЩģҪǳ
ûú¯аɣʳĵ߱ȵȶҪš
ҪЩʲôͱ۾þϸϸɨһʯĽṹ
Էݲֲ̫⡣
ԵĻ뽫һȫͨСһ£һһ㵹ǲøģķ䵱ңûѹǰһ͡
꣬ľ͡顱ˡ
˼¥ȥţһ򿪣Сʹ˽ŷӿһȦƲķһһڷŵĶҲûС
Ҳ̽ͷһۣ԰οͦǿƤӶûС
ˡľͷصȱʲôȥԷûղ䣬ͼ볢ʳˣ
СŶƤߴ߿ߣϽȥӡ㲻Ҫղʳȥ̽һ̽˵ĵϸ
˷ݵĶ棬һüĵ̡ɾõ໽ʱ׼׵Ұ˩ڷݺ档ҰǾ͵ؽС⣬ʱ̶ƮŵѪζһ飬ζ̫š
мұĵ꣬ǳԷĵطһ
ҲǣζĸܳԷԵ
û˵ʲôС˾ˡ
ʳܵӰɣʡΪӶˣûʳǾɲó
С飺Ҫȥʣܻܲ⣿
ľν˵ܻһҰ㸶ޱң
ĸȫһζӰ⣿ǾζķӶộֱҪ̫㡣
л˵ĺ⣬ʾԼỻ䡣ľ㲻ȰһΪ᲻ޱҡ
뿪ĵһؾʳĵ½½ӳߺ
ģҪǻβޡ
ǼҲģҪޡ
ǿǼңҪʳ
ǼҲ⣬ȻֻҰʳһ̾˵ղʳص˲ٰ
Ŵ˵ȥԻβޣ
ľЦܳô
ΪʲôܳԣұﲻֲֹûԹ
СľٿҪ̵֪Ĵء
ԻβУǼҿ²ССָβ޿ĵһǵûǽϵǸС硣
Ǹλ֪һ޵˵ʲô
Ϊʳ˾˻ϵ𣿡
СͷûصŪĵ꣬ʾʳȫƫһβ޵ĵ꣬ʳﶼٺлϵ֮˶Ծ˺а
ľ֪ıС࣬ٳһЩûϵҹԶŸɾˡҪǳԶˣųⷴӦͻܴػԼ
ľǾ֮ǰ˵𣿡
ûľɫ˵ǼʳˣЩ̯ĲڣȫѣʳֻҪζȥ򡣶ͨʳֻʵȱޱҵ˲Żûˣ̫Ҳżԡ
ʣֻһаʳ𣿡
⻰һֹľСҺ͹Ŀⶼˡ
С˾ܾһ˵֣
һֵ֣Ҫ䶯
̾Ѿڰǰ¶ԼľܣڶԷûղ䣬Ҫ¶ڡ
ûվȽŸǰΪƻҪơ
ֻһܣҲʳֻиһܳ԰ɣ
Ǿˣʳ˶ܳ԰ɣǿˣҲⲻ˻дССëԺʳʱ䳤ܻõ⡣
ľֱûס˸ֱۣ˵ưⱾµֻм˾òã
εسǡ
˾βôƷףǼλֱξ͸ľĻԭֱư
ô˵Ǿ䣬ĳЩľϵʳһľϵġҲԳԵĻ˿ô͹ԹԱضɡҲֱܶƵãһ˾רļܡ
֮ǰľƾҩҺһΣٴȷ˾·δѡ
ϧ
ȥͨʳǿɶɶܳԣصһҡ
ľ˼ؿȻȥͨʳ
ұһ±ƣղǰǳԹ𣿡
ľУģܱ𣿡
˵Ǿͳͨʳ
ҪЦ˵ǲˣҲоѵǿʳ⡢кô˶ܳԡ
ǿֲ硣
СͻȥԶٶаʳʳľľС
ͬĵǰִ˰죬ѡһĸûѡתһ⡢ʳĵꡣ
һʮᣬô򵥡


27 
һ߽ȥ, һϲ, žһ
ϲ, ݴ濴, ԼʯȻͬһ, Ҳ㣬Ĺȴһһ, Ҫȫͨһ󷿼֡
ݵһڷʮӣйʮĴֻĸ˵СʮӰǽֲӻƵ룬һƬСĵ档
˿̣վڿյмòڱݵˣȵԴͷˡ
ƺڴ档
ֻһһվ, мŲһ׵ľ롣Լ׶, ͷǰһװ˸ߵĴˡ
ü, мضŴ˳С, һȥȼҵĸ첲͸Ҵܡ
˳ϵûһ, һװſӾͷŵġ
бµҳꡣ˵ץǿȭͷĿ⣬һһ, ˺ҧ̳ꡣ
ˡȫ̶һڵš
, ӳԱһ, ֽӹ, ˵ע£ƽͣ漴ͷžһ죬˲θ߼֣֫ô׳Ҳ
ˮһ޲ˡ
췢һŭ𣬳ȥ˾һٱᡣᣬȭȭ⣬ڡԷ£໽ֻ˱ͷˡ
˲ʮ룬ֱͦͦڵϣһգһţˡ
ȻȱݽΧϡϡĹʱһµӵ§סԼĴˣһȫǵЦݡ
˴ʵ֪Ұµ˰ɣ
ΧϳԷ壺˿ˣݰ
Ǻݣʵ˵۾Ұ̫ˣֻһܰҴ
ģ۲ۣ
ۡ˵ֻҪ´ٳҵʳˡ
˾ֻܹ̾ҵʳЧ̫á
ͷβֻ꣬ʣһŸ̾š
Ȳ˵ݵôʶòС˵ЧúãÿڳԷ˶ּ˼̿⡣
Ǽ⾺Ҫǿ
Դ￪ʼʹϱӵϿĹ棬˰Ͷһϴ·۵ӡ̡̫ӣûաǶԡ̫ӡϴ·۰
మRMB˰ޱң¹ܲܶ׬ޱʱҲܷӳ߶ġ
һûϾЦһ仨ӭ˴Ŀϡǽǿһã˷Աʼر͵⳴⣬ʳĲͬžձ
ȱȱ꣬ľˣһӲضŲơ
ʱͷղвˣ֪ĻôġǻʵĶԭʼĲ˫۷ŹоһһһָβǴ̵һ͵͵ָƬдԼ֡
ڻʲôСչԴʣͦÿġ
ľϼʶ㣬۾۲죬еֵ첲̫ЩֵĻǾǲֻ֪ͼ߰㵹ǹ˾źÿ
ҵ֡뱩¶ݣֻдһ֡
ľɻʣôд𣿡
Сߴߴ˵֪ˣ͸㲻ֹһһдġ㡯϶Ҳкܶࡣָд֣֣صֿ϶Ǻܴܴ㡣
ľͶȥһۡ
֪ô˵ɴĬ㡣
ܵޣҪݵϲٶȵ޵㵽
ȥ⻹⣬ɫƣðǣܸ֡ϹǷݵ⡪β޵Ĵ̣һӦľҪʲô϶ûţˢ˷ۺϰǣ̵ͦ
ԭʼûпӣòӣһľֱץ
Ȼ⣬ҲҪġ
ľԼרǰϸʽƷ״̬ʣ¼ѧӲ˲Ӱ
ÿⶼһ꣬ϸ׽Ʒ
ôĲʶãѿصúܲζҲϵĺóԡ˴ƫؿζľ⣬Ķ̵ġЩܳԳҰ޵ģЩͲˡľܵõ𰸡
⣬طֱһ涼Щϣźǲû´½
һٷҼ˷Ƴֵ꣬ޱңľһӣǶɢһߣԼޱң󷽵˵ˡ
˷Աֵߵߵı飬ĬĬһ¡
̴֮󣬸СҲˡ
극ͳ׺컹һҪæ˾Ͷظҡ
صȡռŵʳιո˯ѴСߣԼιҩιмһ״ָ꣬ڲ⣬ֱľϵȫĹ⡣
ǰ峤Ҳû񻯣Ҳһ㣬ܸ
ΪؼԴ⣬ѾЩˣٹܿʼơ

һҹΡ
ù緹ͶιСߣͺľ˳ˡ
ӵһ뵽ľǷݹʱ˲࣬пλ͹ȥʹʯ¡
Ҫ췿ӣüͷɫ˵Ҳ֪Լⷿ˷ģԺ뿪ˣȴĵһңʱ϶û⡣ԣԣҪǲˣһҪĻ
æ֤û⡣ĻǲܵģޱܹһʱҪ
˵ͷסĻʱͲҪղսʿȥץ㡣жңӦס
š
صݸҪǷӵȥŪǶо飬ܸŪáЩ˹ǹܣվ᲻ḻҪ֧ޱҲһޱٵģֻ췿ݣҪõĸֲҪԼṩޱģʲôùܣȫ
߶ԷԼҪʣŪЩҪޱң
ࡣ˵ǽǽǸɹ٣úܣٶȿ죬ʲô˵ǸʲôҲŪΨһ鷳ֻдʯ粣ģǳһʯͷ͸Ƚ飬ܲסȫĹ͵ˡʯ֡
Ȼһ£ôһʯҪޱң
ָޱҡ
ٳⷿͽҷ޵ģʣµޱȫá
Ҳˣõɡԣϣ
磬ھܸȥȻصޱҪĶ࣬¿϶Ҳ졣
ǣû߻ؼſڣԶԶľͿ͵ĸˡ
ĦȭƣϸϸѯʹҪôͶˡ
ʯ޽ʱÿ㱾ֻһ󷿼䡣Ϊе㲻ãÿ˶ǽá
˹ȻǲǽСֶӣվ⿴ǸľһܿͲһǽ¹һ˿ţŻˣдɹ
ʱض顣ʱ򣬷ѾȫˣֻŴ첣ٸ졣
һ˷ʢĴ͡УһҹõֵļҾߡ


28 
ڶڳԷ, ǾͿŲˡҴιС, ָĨ, ͰС߷ŵƤȥ˯ˡ
˻~Сźڶ۳С
࣡СԴ, ͺ壺Ҿ¥¡
С, ̵Сͷ΢΢ı۾һ˯ŵ˳ȥ
¥, ΧŴȻ
ô𣿡һʴ¥
һۣ˵ٴһ㡣

ԡ
ȷ̿ʼ֡
߹ȥ鰤ǽڷŵĲȷһ鲣û𻵣Ͳٹˡ
ƹƹҲСʱ´ʹ󹦸ɡϸһ޸ģ磬ʯͳŪˡ
͸֧ޱҡ
ϽĹʱ, ͷ˸һ졣Ϊõ, ɵĻ˵ʵڼ򵥵Ĳ, ͷ˾һޱҡһһ֧ٸޱҾͺ, ĸ˾ǧޱҡ
һ¥沣¥¥ֻ档һ沣ޱ, 沣ʮޱҡ
̨ĲϺܱˣͷ˼ԵҪһޱҡ
ܼ, ʯݸһʮޱҡ
֮ǰղ, ľҰ޻ʮޱҡʯʮ˸ޱ, ޱ, ȫʲһٸޱҾֻʣ¶ʮ
Ǯ𣬸˵Ҫö
ԣľʮޱҡѺжʮŸޱңȻҾ͹Ҫ֧ҾǮ磬Ǯǲ
ҵٶȺܿ죬ǰǸߣŻҾܳȥͼҾߡʮӣҾ߾Ͱᵽſڡ
Ҿߵͷ˽ܸģǸˣ߰ŪЩҲǿЩ֮ĵһ׬ޱҡ
һͼغץżľ壬Ȳ쿴ʲô񡢹ӣǲǺҵľϿ̵Ĺһģһ
Ц˵һȸ˴˼ͼ񿴵ƷҲ൱⣬úܺá
˵õ佱ۿȻˡͰ͵˵ҡҺܿģ
˽ľΪСͰľͷ棬ְֱ֡ľǸսĴԣԺΪͻæĴԣԼɹɸú˲һľºеԴڼʮ첻ţһ˼ĥӵôŪøÿˣľ̫ܻӭô󣬶ûһ׷˽»Цɴޡ
ʵΪĵ겻׬ޱҡ
ĸ˲ӵӣĸ˼֮಻Լ㶨ģ˭Ը⻨ޱȥԼ־ĶΪԼЩȥľԹٰ취ȽʵôõľĶһľʹӡÿ֡Ͽ̹ľΪ̵̫󣬱ΪŪĶòˣǿȴȤΪ̻ʱ䣬һֻҰޡ
һ춼׬һޱңֻľ̫ӱԡľųҧ֣еľȴԽԽأ̲סʱˡ
ľûȴΪʱɡ
һŸһÿ紫ô߽Լĵ棬Լʹ͡
룡
һĳ룡
ĳ룡
ԺҪļҾȫˣԺҵʵ͸˵ļҾߵꡣľ˵ԼĿ󣬡ϣ룬̵ĹͼģҲռıˡÿһȥ׬ޱǾƽô
òá־ܾɣ÷ָޱҡ
ôУľϣֻͬ⡣
ľָʾźδǰһͨԷθĸлһȥ֤
㶨ʯ̴һβֱ鲼ꡣ
鲼ֻ鲼ɫǳк֣ܶǵȾǺܲġ
һţ鲼˾Ц÷ǳõӭ
ˣҪ·ˡ·СĵݸŪ·׬ޱңûôƯ·һӵģһ㲻ȹӲ
ûǮ˾ΧƤȹ߹⣬Ǯ˾鲼ȹȹȹȹĿɾڡƽʱʾݵλʹȹӡԽǮĲԽ࣬ҪԾͻΪĳȹ
ⶫûС
ĴƤȹ˸ûû紵һΪԼ㱼Ǵԭʼ磬ѹ뵽Լнһ졣
ҲûƼܣհϱӴ·̸ͼĿǰС߶ޣûǵģֻԼŪ׳³㣬׶߷ֿ㡣˺ڰɫúܿɡΪ˷Ұߣŵĵط˲һϵսͲгʲôȥˡ
ûʲôҲܴС
ûѿʲôģŴ΢΢ͷԷ·ǳĴ䡣
ù׸Һ͹ǸǵġͣҿĵҪ·ͳһ
Һ͹û鲼·أõ˦Ƥȹ͵ػˡ
ŵøϽתͷƳһϰΪı飬ǡ
˼ˡ
ڣһ׵󣬷ĵ˲١뻻ɫƳСĽؿһĻĻʽ˶
ˣ
Ĭ飬øޱתԼע
鲼ڻҲѼǼ䣬ǶǼϵģƽˡһٺޱһ߷ֿʮޱһһһʮޱһʮޱһ
ȡޱҸˣԷȴ˵ޱҵȵ˵¡
мҾߵǰף붮Է˼ֱʵڵ·
˵ͷŵ˵Ҳռˣÿһ·ҷһޱô
Сûԥ˵ʵϵϲޱңֻܲǸĲİɣ
˿ĵذԼ½йھȥǶ֤ɣ
С
ҪȥľͲǷݹǵ̹ˡ
һķӣһķڰ裬һ˶ࡣ鲼ϰʮӣֵǡ
Ҫ֤˲Ȱʣžԭί˸ɾ
ֱ꣬ľ
֣

ǡ
˾ľϷֱ𶼻ֻһǡԱ߻µһȹӣͷԱ߻ȹϵһȦӡؿȣһ飬һƤȹ
ָӡ
͹Ǿմ˺ɫ֭Һȥ
ˡһľ壬͹պãÿޱҡ
Ÿ˻ޱңЦ˵·ޱҾͲøˡ
ͬ⣺ôУһһ롣
ǲ˼ؽͣԺŪʲôÿ·ǵûС
΢ЦӦ
꣬˵Լ£ùߡת˵쿪֤


29 
֤ʣҪʲô
ش𣺡ʳ
ת, ¶һڴ, 𣿡
һ㲻˵ǡ, ȻĿ, ʵʵһ䣺ǻûõ֤
ЦһЩ, ȴԾɴŵѯʣҪ֤𣿡
ҪġͷŪÿ֤Ͱ
, Ͼ͸Ū˵ŷɿóľ
ղѾ֪֣˾ֱľϷֱ㣬ȡŪЩվ˵Ȼ󲻵ش;ֱ߳˵̹š
̽ϡ
ǿ֤֤֮ôõǵĹʹˡ
͸ϱҪõһЩʸ֤Ҫһ֤֤ҲҪпˡ˺ܼ򵥣֤ˡ翪, Ҫ֤ȷʵʳ翪·, Ҫ֤·Ƥΰǰ, ̹ҪɳȥǷ㹻ĻƷ
֮, Ҫغʵȷʵб¿ꡣ
̹棬˴һҾĵط, ʮСӣÿŶжʮС䲻, ʮƽ
ߵһŴ򿪵ķǰ, ̧̧°ͣȥ, ʳܳԵľСóҳ, һжõ֤˵һƨԱߵĵϣٴ
Слһʯһѹǵһӡʳģֻһƴһ׺̫ʵ⣬Ȼûбʳˡٿϣһ֡Ρ
̾˿˳ԾһµأʱҲ˳Էͷ˰·㣬˴ùϵôǲġ
ôǱ̫࣬ڵС
ùǵķŽڻϵʯͳڹ̵һ㣬ͽеñļƬŽ塣һеζƮɢ˵ȥȵƬýƣ͸ˣϨ˻𣬳˽ԡ
ҲûУ΢Щ˾ֱһһ
ƬѸٽ˶
̵ָ꣬ţˡβ̣Ҳǵʲôζ˵Լжϣѳԣˣ߰ɡ
»ص̹óɫ֭Һֱľϰָӡ֤ôõ֡
ľʣ֤ʲôʱܽпˣ
֤Ϳ֤һҸֻҪ֤ʳڣľͿõ֤ͲˣҪеλƷõʳֱʳеǲǴﵽͱ׼
иԵҪûʱ˱ˡղ֤ˣÿ¾һΡ
ڱ¸ҹܲμӿˣܿˡ˵ˣöʮҹǰͿʼˡ
Ҳҡ¸ҹǺ죬ʱȥ⡣
û⡣
֤˷Ϊ֣һǶ֡ʳһǶ졪ʳġ
ܽеóʳĵֻȫϱӵ綼Щʲô󲿷ֲ֪
еʳģǳģôٵһó˵ġΪʲôΪʳĻҪ֣ϴһСǣרÿοǰ˱ʳĵġʦ
ЩʵǸ׼ʳıϻڵˡ˽õղй׬졣ԱʳĲŵˣһֽǮһֽ㿪ĵޱңҸ߸˵ؼʳġ
µǲǫ̃ϹɵġǣʹøƵģ˼Ρ
鲼סšڽͷ־Լؿڱ¶õ壬Ⱥһ۾֡
μΡǽͷˡѧҸ£һζС
鲼ʱûסתͷߡ
ʮͳһ鲼վڲǰŷڻΣһ㶼ĺ𣿣
ȫԡ
ֻҴһε˾ĺ󴰣ƽʱô˾
ʱУƺߵøˡԼգ˼ۣ󴰴ҡε˾ʹˡ
ͷͷһ߳ܵҪѪ鲼סûܿһĿɿڴע£ٶȼػγ˲ӰһƵһƵƮߡ
˶갵ţ͹ԹԵվǽߣĵŽͷš
ֶӺһһŽ̵ͷŲӳˡ
һһɢˡ
ⷢչ԰
ΪϵһĻӦһģûмʱܿĪҲǰţͱͷץס첲ͷһ硣
ʳĶϲȫ뵱
ţ
֪м𣿡
֪ԲҶмƬҶ𣿡
ͷʹļ׵˵û뵽ڶˣ̫ʧˡ
ᣬͷͨ찤
ͷ˵һӣڵضԻǻڸ˺𣺡ɣ˭Ҳ֪¸ҹҪЩʲôʳġңЦ֤ʱҲ֡
ͷ뿪Ͼи԰˴ӷ͵͵˳Цλ˶ţεĽˡǸˣǶ߰ɡ
˵ͷѾˣҲǶһС
Էȵض׶ޱңεص治СαϵʳĲҪ׼λ׼ġ
ĬĬ׷ױͷ
ȴļ࿼ʦСˡ
ͳ˲ע͵͵뿪ˡԶŸժϵ鲼̾Һû̫ɾ
ɡ
һʱ伸ڸʳλΣûЩʳ궼ʲôʳģֽʲôֻʳĵ꣬Ĺעص㡣ĸܵһʳͺܶʳϰдȴòӲͷƤ֪лվƵ뿪ˡ
仰һҪҪһ˯ԷԼ߳ͷߣȦΣɴ˸
ľ֪ΪʲôĺҲٹ˵˵ּסټҰ
ϣһͶιСߣС˯ƤϷ˼˯žܡľϵܵƿôнͻơһлܡ
ûоʹͨð취ĸ⣬»ָͻ
İ취ȻϰܡţЩˡ
ΪԼѾ߰˷ְܸˡ
ǡԣ
һв͸Ͻ˳ʮİյġ
ռԾǳ״̬
Լľһһ㣬ΪػߵԴСһСžò̫ͷ۵ģϸϸ
صĵطǰ֮䣬ζԷԷľʱҲƲסųⷴ
ʹѹͻʶΪ㣬Ĭʱ׼þԷų⡣
Ȼһʼȷʵһߵľ͸ܵǿҵųȻ˳ȥһųһ붼ĴߣǹųȻĪʧˡ
ô£ѵ˥¸תˣ
ô˵ⶼǼ¡æץסᣬžǲоɱ˷ѡȵҧСžԴѾһƬƤֱˡ
ĻӦ˷ѻһȣ
˯ȥǰԺš


30 
ڶ׼֤ʱ, ͵˲ٵˡ
ǰĿյ, ǸŽ̵ͷ, ˫ֻ, ðһڵ, Դ׺ݵɨˡ
ʮĭӣұ죡ţĿϹղ಻, ȱĳһ
СƵĵͷѵŭ͵͵׼档
ӣͷӺ˿ˮվһԵ˵ˣʼ˰ɡҪͽȫִ֤£ҸҲʱǰܸǽͨ
װӺð⻰, ķ˲ʧһ롣
ͷߵǰ, ˵
Ⱥ, ÿ֤ʱ, ȥЩСǰ
һ˽һӡʾ
˵ȿֺķ
ʮСӣÿŶʮ, ˵˲಻Ҳٸÿοֻ֤ٸˣ, ٵľ´θˡ
Ȼʵ, ٻ
ܾ, мսʿһˡ˽мѺ, еȶᷢʼı־˶⡢巽Ĳϴﵽ£ͻкܴĸνǾǾ
мѲô׾ܴġѺҲһܳΪһǼҪսԣÿα֤˲٣ʵкܶ඼ġǱкܶѹͻû
мսʿǶģضġ
þȥ۲죬ֱܷĸĸûС֤˵Ҫļ飬Ҳ׾ܲ˭ĳ
ΪʲôҪô
˵һڡʳģȻԼ׼ͷѲ˼ޱҡڶڡʳߵʳĵϵȵȣȫҪ˵Լ׼
ǻҪޱҡöޱң㹻һ׼ϵʳǮرˡ
ʳıر᲻ðζõʳԼͨ˵⣬ʾʮֻӭ
ǶʳζҪ󲻸ߣܳԵȥС
ʳ̺ѣںж׼
ˣӰ쿼˵£˭Ըʳʳô˵ǸССĸռ˵Щпڸˡ
Ҫп˵Ǻܿ춼Լп˵ķ䣬ֻǻ뷿档Ϊǻõ顣
ǴʳܲܳԣҪǷž֣ǶĻԹĨ˶Ūǵ֡
Ͼÿο˱̫ˡսܵĺܳö֮ЩͿľЩͿڻˡ
ΣҪǷЯкͿ޹صĶ
ξͲܴСǾСľڼ￴
˵ǧٹɶС
Ϳˣһһɫǽַ·ʯĹӡӴϸ׶೤ߵԴʳĺ͹ߵԱߣſӳ£һ۹ӣûʲô仯ͼһ
ܸ֪صʶǹӱ¾еģʲô˽Լ˹ϣ鶾
൱죬һ˰İ׹鶾ͱСˡ
СǽһڣȻǲģǸηһ߰˸ʯмʮס
һ߽ž͡žش汻ˣǱؽһ
һߴˣǰڷһӣǰַһӡ˵׼Ѷƹһ㶼Υ͡
ֱѿʳһóʲô
ֻм˾ʶȫǼĹߺǿеλϵĴ󲿷ԭʼ֣Ҷٻдмٵд϶дֻϵĻϳ׼ǵġʣµģäһһ
ʹõǶдİ취
бдģҲø𿼺˵ϵòаѧͼûûǼǵ˼ֶǻͼʾ
ӿһСƬֻ֪Ϣ֪𰸣⡣
ûͷҲûҡͷͰŵϣȥõڶʳġ
⡣
ޡ
ʳġ
βޡ
ӵĿ⿪ʼ־ͳһ硣
ޡޡ¸ޡޡǰԭ֪Ŵģʲôߴޣޣ޵ȵȣͬǸݽȡЩʵܡˣΪԼڲμҰ޽ģ
ⶼϳġЩûϡȱֺóԵ⣬Ҳ᲻ó
⣬ﻹҰ˺Ұ
ҰζƤɫȡüǵġЩɫĹغϣζƶĴʻݲģʹԵ
ϵһҰƤز׵㣬ֻһźڵ㣬ŹӾͽڵʮֺ棬źڵ˶೤ʱҳġ
ʱΪȡ֣ҲƴˡܺöҰ˷ֱҰı׼
Ұ鷳ģмҶģҰҶӲࡣ
ڿﻹڻҲҵһģһֽк
ǵģֵҰΪ͵˺
֪᲻ޡ
һʳһȫ֪ʲôֲ֡Уһϲͻᱻ̭
һβͲֵܵҰˣĲҶоһϸһشϰͷ
˵ϰѲ˾Բԣ֪ϰʲô
ԥԥĿƵطų˾ϣ˺ԼĿǲһһĻشӸڷ˴𰸡
ëëˡ
˵𰸣ͺˡ
ĪһۣϵʳһɨӾ˳ȥ뿪ǰ˶ʼڶ˰ɡ
˼Ǳʳɹͨˡ
һߴԼŵĿþߣһþɨ˵λá
˿̣˾վͷ˵ǰָķ˵˾䡰ͨˡȻͿͷλͶοһۡ˵ŬҪаס
ˡ


ڶ˵ʳˣϾ˴󲿷ⲻġ
ԼоԵš
֪ѡķʽʱƫ⡣һٶȸ죬ᱬΪʱɲ
ζȷʵص㣬̫ѳǾͲԼص㶼ˡ
ǿǳԵҲϲһ
Żž죬ڽ⣬٩ţƤɡ
һʱͰѿųˡ
ûȱ˸óԣΪĵ̫࣬Ⲣҵķݲ˵ϡ
ûô
̸ֻζ
ⲻҪġ
ҪǾҪζץΪƣ


31 
Сʯڻϼܺ, һ׶೤İ塢ǵ©׵ȶ, ӿȡ׼õ⿪ʼ
׼һװĺ⡣
ΪʲôǼװ, ȻΪϲȫ
ĴӴϸ廨⣬һᰴעľϵľϵĳˢ, 廨һЩǳǳĻųʡͬʱҲ廨⾡ܶںľϵ
ʳĵĴ, ѧġ
Ҫ˵е鷳ġ
ϱЧʳõȫֲֲûһ˵, ɱֲǰᣬȾҪŸɾеʡûˣֲͻԼĵȼ, ԽЧԽã˳ɾҲǲܡ
ֲɶǺܴ޹գ
ǸҪͨʳһ, 塣
ֲ, ֲͻѾȸԣΪʲôֱӾõȼߵֲʳأ
ʹֲʳѵ, ֻΨһһǾΰѼʮֲֲͬ, صͳһ, Ƿӳá
ͨʳĵĻ, ûˡų, С㻹˵, ҲҪͷۡںʮֵĲ, Ҫ໹ҪסܱɢôСҪ˷ѵһЩ
͸ţܹһʵڿǡ
Һпռ䡣
ԼռֽȥҰȻһֲֳתͷǰδе顣ϾϱֲûڿռֹˣֲֽȥҪǧѣ߲֮ͨģЩϡѡ
֪ǲǿռ߱ãǵĻͷ˲û
ǻԺܻ֪ģڻרõ֤ɡ
Źǵٶȼؽõ廨г׼Ŀ
Ϊеʱרд˵㡣
װˮƤʯﵹˮȼֱӰһȫŽˮţת߻ǰӿóнС
۰׵ĴгɶΣгɱƬڰϵŴáװκǵľޣԼһСͲĶóϷźãȻʱרĶʯ
ˮܳˡ
ǿŵģʱʱͻ̽ԴһעⲻҪ̫Եľٶ
ֱܰˮԼõļ
ʱ뱩¶ԼʲôǾѾˣǾľϵˣż˾ҩҺʦȥô붼˾֡Ǻܻӭɱǰ̫ˡϡΪѡְҵ·仰ͬеͨ
ⲻûУ⵽˾֪ͷұ֤ȥϵס
ȻԺ˷ʳ϶ҪõľϵܣľϵʳһҩҺʳģҩҺԽͼӰԽá
ңĿ꣬ʼվͲֻľϵʳУҪĿǸࡣ

©׽̽һ߿ˮûаʯˮǵһҪõˮܴˮȫû⡣οĻҲ󣬷Ųµڶڹ
ʯһɣùһͷŽȥ
ͬʱڲĻǿŲλ˿ڸСͺŵʯտˮ
ͷɿڻζƮǹ޵˰ǽŹʼԳɫ
ǿٵػݹƵ･ǳǳĽζ
һȥǳڿ̰鵹¡飬Щ͸¶ͣеˮֽĸɣʼͣɫ΢
ûнͣõ档ζ׿ˮûʲôҰɫһͷȫɫ
ϹɫЧͦġ
Ĺ֭飬ùܾ֭ȵ档⳴ȣһѳԱߵʯ裬ˮעʯֱƽŰкõĴжνƬŽȥӿóӸȥС
ʱе㳤ͰѲõĶװװ¿ɴռˡ
죬ڼҶܴʳĲġʳԼûãܱġߵĻֱˡС߾Ͳôˣܣ˵ڵСܲס³סһʱ̵Ҳˡһ㲻ãͻ
ԣ֣ս֮⣬ҪС߳Եġ
۲죬СҲͳһࡣ˽еͼѣҪŻῪʼС߻Զֻ춯ûС̣ǵ귢һξǰҪЩʲôһŲ֪
̹пľľֻ׸ĸ֡óԺúȡ
Ṇ̀ԤϰٹεĻҺ͹޸ȷеĴ𰸡
ι⡣
ιԽҰ޵⡣
ṩõǾιѵ⡢巽ʳ
˲ǵͼѣмѺڻֵǽǿϡûˣ˿Գ⡢ǿʳһŲܶżһû⡣ΪǲԼδʲôһԶ˸ԼδһʳпܵԶѲ
Ѳζֹмսʿˡ
Դ˷ǳͬ
ֲûʺõģľϵǾСδľѴûüͶιСߵ˯ʱ˲١Ҫܸ֪ı仯Ǹˡ
⼸һпվ͸Ȼʱ䵽̫̣ľȻڻеľȫֵһᡣ˵һйų߶˳úܡЩ˳ľƾ豾ܣԶԼҵľǷǳõļ
չȥò̫öԷ͸ûָʶˡܳΪһǿ峤ʵǲġˣеᣬ͸ŬץסŶԡ
ɣٶȱ֮ǰֿһЩһСŻҵľֻ꣬ʮӣͼڶšžҪһ㣬ֻβҪյʱʱ䵽ˡ
ջؾȥҹǣûעӴһŻҵľϲžŲ˵λãƺʲôһšһ룬ֱľڵסˡ

̳жνƬʯϵΣյøסù֭
ŨζС䣬ԳţĴڻƮȥΧһƬĿ׾ֱܱ
ʯֻ֭ʣһոɾ
⣬ʮʮӣѾŶӵԼʳﱻǣ׷鲻Խźζ쳤ӳС
ʲôζ
⣬ǿ⳴Щ
е㡭
Ȼû⣬Լİ
ͷСһֶˡʳ̺Ҫģ֮ǰǳǰͷܾһ˼ĥţͼʳڸĲ㡣
·


32 
ĥĹ⻬ͨ͸ʯ, Ƭ̲Ҷ, մżСˮ, Ρ
Ҷϣ֭ĺֱ, ͹һһһСѣ̲Ҷ, ɫ󣬾̲סѡ
Ķϴ£, һһڵĺ߳Сӡ
ˣ
һڶڴѾõĿͶ˹
ף⣿˲ȷ˵
ǲɵǲѲǲݰ
˵, ǻɻҶϲĶ
ŶǸء
ҲǸ˼֮ǰ˵˼, ҾǺôɫ
Ҳ֪, źеóԡ
Ҿ֪㿾⳴⻹⣿
󲿷˶оȼǺȻĴš
ԭҶӰڷһôÿôʹû뵽أ
Ķж, ʵֶӶһˣ͵͵䵽һز˵Ĵ, ˴Էļ, СѯʣƬҶвУ
Ǵ߹ķ, Իͷһű˴, ٿԷЦֺ, һϷȥ, ˵аˡԼ
ˣҲаˡŹ֡
ˣǺǡ
ˣѸԷ¨ҾһƬҶȾܡ
ûΪ͵ͻȥ׷ȻദĻ᣿̫ˡ
ʳ˴˿ȫСǰĿյŶӡ
һʮ𿼺˵ÿ˾ֿӦǸԸʮˣһȥȴеǰ˰ˡʮˣеʮˣеˡһˡ
Ķ飬˵Ǹ𿼺˵ԸºֻͣҪʳǿǿܹȥһֻ۱һֻ۸ͨ
μ࿼û֮һ
ǸֻһŶӵϿ˳Ž̵ͷ
ȻǸȥŶӵҲʿˡ
ô꣬ͼǸĵĽԼĿһߴڽűˡ
ˣ϶ʧˡ
ͷǰÿտҲҲˣһָˣ
һɥŲ˹ȥ
ѳԣģʲô
֧֧᣺𡢻
ͷθɤţڶҾ͸һӱˮһ㲻˵һΪѵǱ
״ŵӽͣǡΪҳ̫ʱšˡ
ͷǣĿⶪһһʧܡ
ۿį뿪ͷǷ׷״һ´Զɿݵָ֮Լ
Ų˶٣Ҫո䣬ͷķŭһʲô㣿ҹ

ʲô⣿ͷʯʡ
æԹԻش𣺡⡣
գͷü
ͣһ˷
ͷһһݵҪûʳɫ죬ţз
ƺﲻԣ
ҳͷ֣̽һֻ־Ųӡ
ʯŵͷġ
ͷסһ⣬ǰ˵⣬ʳӦûܺóԡ㲻ҪΪóҾͻͨԽвͨ
ãԽ˵
ͷЦһ̽⡣ڣЦ̽һ¡
һ𣬸òôùζİɣԼĺѳԣܣеġ
ͷЦһָޱ飬Ψ
ʲôζΪʲôûгȴóԵòУ
ŨĽ֭ڳݷζŨĲˡ
ЩֲᣬȻôϲǵ˲ǳóԵĴ
вУͷ˦˦ԴʧζȻСӵĵˣ
ǡ
ʲôҲ̫ˣ
ⲻóԲȥҲӲеҧ
ûдˣǿ׳ڵˣЩûọ̈̄Ѿ̫еˣȫʺϳԡ
ͷһܾû˵ðڶڳ
һһ飬֡ಡٵز棬ͶԽԽ졣
Ƭ̣ʯʣһ⡣
ͷӵһԵĵϣϴһܾ֡˵İԹ̫źˡı飬ָƬҶһһꡣ鲻̫Ȼش˸ãƮһɺζ
ͷеΡΪԹ˺⣬ΪԼǰЩϵĸ̡
һ̣òϣζõ鲻ԽȻ̺־Ժϸʳ
ǵģͷǺܾҵģ㱻ζƻȻûԼְ𡣶ʳжȼͷֻƾȷš
Ȼͷóһ͸ɫĲǿĺһº󣬲˲֮һĲֱǳǳ糺졣
ܺóԣ̺ҲﵽһǼĵȼͷָմȾĻ֭̌һͨˡ
ΪĸǼÿһǼиԵı׼
дʯ£ͷõһ֤𣿡
ô졣ͷһۣԼʯ룬Ǿóû˵㼱Ҫ֤
ǲģͷǱ˼֮󣬾̵ͷʾԼܼˡ
ͷһʳĲķϣҾȸ㡣ƳͬͨڴĿעʱͷŭͷⶼȲȫʵʵţ
̧룬ȻҪĺ⡣
Ӵȵȣһ𿼺˵Ȼ
ͷע⵽ںϵĿ⣬Ϳʼð
ʳ̫࣡
Ӽȥĺ⣬ҭסӿ˺ü¡
ӴˣҲҪԡεص볢˼ûǸ
˵ҪˣӲ
Ц˵ûü˵ĻҪӴ˲̫ܳⰡʳ̺ԼѵͬԶҪµģ
ӣˡ
ľѵʲô֪ϴ»᲻üǣЩ᲻ð
۾һͷϷˣ
ҵǿࡣ
һ˵ʢÿʱڽǿǿȣѪһЩ˼ϣʱŸƽҪǳͣһ
ȻҪõˣ˲ص˳ͻᲹͷء
ֻҪű˵涯ܣƾʳںϵǵûбʶƵĿܡ
һǿͷͷˡ
ʩʩȻ鼫õ뿪һصͷﰦ̲̾̾סŶԺǷǣͷ˵óԣжó԰Ǽˣ

֤һԲΣ⻬ޱȵİɫıʯͷ׺
Ѫͷ
ָʯͷһѪ
ѪʯͷѸȾʯͷϽǵĵط಻٣ǡռʯͷķ֮һλá
е棬ûסͷһ䡣Ϊͷû뵽ͷǺɫظԭ򣺡һ˵ǿѪǶ˻ԼĶСʯͷעѪȥʯͷֻġˣѪͻɫȫںʯͷͻԼٵҪźã㲻СıҲҪЩû
棬һСľ˵㡪
һԼ˳뻯ĵطʱԼѪŪǣǶԷͱҪǸ˵ȻʱһǾ͵
ͻȻֻʯͷ̫ˡ
պ֤ʯʯޱң߳ǰﶼ̾Ǯ죬һǰǰͻʮöޱҡ
ֿˡ

֤˻磬ͻؼһˣС߾ȥѧУ
˵̳죬ʱ䣬Һ͹ֻ̾Ͳ۾ˡŵ΢һ˵Ҫһºƿǡ
֪Сȥѧ¹չŵԼֻСƨƨһͬȥιѧУˡ
ľڼҩҺС֣ûȥǡ
ղѧУڲ߾סĵطߵסĸǼ䣬ǷܵĵطѧУ̣صģڹߵĸٺʲ
ͨѧУ·ص޵ģߵסǰΪȻǸλߵṩܴš
һѧУҲЩʲôֻ֪յѧӳ̣ʮ궼С
ȥѧУ·ʹףͻҵסѧУǽġֱ߳βܹͨѧУʯ·߸ʮӣѧУ͵ˡ
ѧУϰԵĳƺǶѵ
ѵȾͱǸʮ׵ǽ£ȻͶ˶ǵӱ˸֪
ѧУŽգֻһ߿һȽһߴͨڡ
ͻһ߹ȥͱŹʮսʿսʿǸͦΣиӢ
ͷսʿ˿˵ŲǸŵϣʣһ𣿡ס
šǲǰղ䶨ӵġ㲱СߵСԴ˵ѵѧϰ
սʿͷ֤óһ¡
ͻͳǰǼǵǿľݹȥսʿӹֱ̧ȶָӡȷһģһһսʿʾͻҽȥ
̤ڣѵ龰չǰ
ѵռ󣬴廮ֳĸ֡طֱǸʱ䲻̡йͼܱε̡мѲԶѧϰġĸط˶ʹõĹ
սʿ·ͻҸֱѧϰʯ¥ǰ
ʯ¥Ĳ㡣һѧϰ칫ĲǸסѵʦҪҹ׼ҡ
սʿÿĳţõȥͿһ棬ϷһһεĹͷ
£˿ֻжʮ꣬ò㣬Ƥһһɹúܺڣܰס
еĴ˶ħƵ׷ԺΪġ
սʿЦѵѧϰ
Ŷվɫº͵˵֪ˣȥæɡ
սʿЦЦ뿪
кͻ£Ϳʼѯʼ̵
ҵһһʮʱسʵػش
ҲػشֻʵСʱ˵˸ߡСν磬һʱĲ±𴩡̵ֻб˼εôһФġοС˲㾫Ρ
˽ᣬȫûлĻ˽˼̵ͻҵ뷨
ǻżûս̣ѵҹʱ𣿡
ͻҡͷ
ҹЦôŵ
˵Ǿͺáǵ̶̫СҽÿǹѧһѧһͺãȻʱ䳤Ǿͻ˯Ļڼ˯øǲǣ
̫С֣Ͳᶨľˡ
Ҫԥ˵ǵٴһѵɣ
С߰㣬ҲͲһ㡣ҪԶԶ࣬Ȼ߳ɳٶȲ̵ͬܰӤ޷
Ц˵ҲԡվʣҪȿѵ𣿿Ҳ١
ԭǴģȻܾ
㡣䣬ÿٶƽһһٶ겻ȵ̷ֱһչˡ
ѵʦȫǴˣչ̵ϸĳ̶ȣıȲϴԡ
ڷ￴ö໹״̬Ǿ쳣棬Բע⣬ͻĴֻС̣ƴ۵Сҧסһ̶ֻϵëëëȫڵסҵϸΧСţôͷ󺹡
СʵС㶼١
˵ͻһߡ
һֻĸ䣬ÿֻʮһ֮䣬Ӧкܶ˸һ̫С͵ŵٴһ㡣
ÿ䶼Ųι۹ȥûߵһ俴ͺȻһ
ǾʧԼСߴߴһĽ
ˡɨǼ䷿ʱҳһţ̻ǴǣȫΧһСΧ
һֻһֻСϻ̡
ֻһֳСһСţһһ˫Ŀգ΢΢ſ괭Ŵ
͵͵롢ʱʱÿʹ嶼͵ضһ¡
̳ĵصͽУΧ̽ջȥ
ʱһ˺վһ䡰ȥᡱȾͳܡܳ˵ظײ˸š
˵Ͳ˹ȥ
ǲˣʡ
ε˵ҡһֱġе̶֣ȥŰʱһͳˡ
Щ˵ȥС̣һ壬С̾ͲøˡŵòԸȥǳ
ܳ䣬˽صȴ
ŴСʱٿҶ£ǾһĺȻɿԽԽǳ


33 
һŵþ, ʶץס, ᶼ, ᣬ⡢ô찡ǲǿ첻ˣ
죡, ȥǳôû
¥ˡļ֮ǰȥǳĴ˴ſڳżѵغǳǳгȥ, ڣ
￩һ£˻βιȥһ˲, 뵽СҪǳ£ĺѾԻһȥ
УҪС̡
㡣ָߵĴԷԸȥڽǵҩҺʦȥҹǳĴ, 㲻ʶһЩҩҺ𣬸ϽȥǳķҰϵĶù
ǳ֪˻ġ˵, ϲĶ
ἸǺʲôҶ, ȥ
˶ˣŰյغ۾˵Ҫʵ, ҲС̷չ˼졣ⶣˣС̳¡
ᣡСҪûˣ
䲻ؾٿС, ݰͰ͵С弸Ҫû
̻, ҩҺʦôûһС, ֺ̫ʹ
ΧĴ˺һȺСѾؿʲôСֻǿԼСڵԽԽ, Сɤʶؾͽеø, ϣǼ档
ɡһС, 浽ĵز¶ܾͱ¶ɣ
⻰ʱϣҩҺʦǵһμ棬ܶ׵ط
Сߣһþһټ˵ҾѵǿơҵҩҺʦ֪ʲôʱҵСǿһ£Ȼܱ֤ãӦÿϵҩҺʦ
˵ĹС̵塣
ܽ˵ĸ֡
Ҫ˵ʲôҪĴ󲡣С̲ûСҪ˵ãǹȵȵķҪԶԶѷС̡ȷ̳ˣСȴڲŸոѧ·
ỹԥҪҪֱ˵ҿмϣС̲һӾͻ
ҧҧ㿴ɡ˵ϣšڳλãðնһġ
һЦСϣһһƻԼܡͬʱƵģѯС̵¡
֮ǰ˹ܾãڼܹǿҰ޵ĹʱûС̾ͱǰǳǳáоĴ˶˵СûְֵܻҩҺʦǿǿڡ
Ĩ˰ᣬС̵ڻǺܲãĿǰŸոѧ·ߵõײײģûˡʱϢǿĽɣ֮ǰ͵͵׷棬ֱ˹ȥұְиҵʱһֱ߲뿪ҵ͵͵ؽУ棬һʱľʹӦˡ
ͣʱҸջطҪСߺһġ
С̲ϧ̶֣ôסȥĽأ
ܽСڷɿתһȦСȥĺָ̻˹С岻һһǺƽһһְ΢һ壬Ȼջ֡ʱСͳ˯˹ȥ
ϴӳžͺ˯Сߣ֪ǲǲϢԺۣСҪ뿪˳ĸ첲ϣ̽СԴսСţȻᵽϤϢ
˻ӣСβͼⲻ᲻С̷۵Сһ£Сǹɺŵģ̶ܳԡ
ˡסСߵβͼ⣬˵úϢ
˻ӣСԴһӾ뵽Լİְְ֡Ҳ˯źþòۣȻͺȻˡ˵ְȥβˣܿͻǡô鶫Ҳܿɣ
ȻˣǾû취ˣĶԾͳ˰ɡ
СôţСԴ̽ȥС̵һ¡
⶯ѧģôʱÿġֻҲܿİȣܺõúܿ˰ȣ
С߾ԼΪʡǺóԵ²Ĳϡ
֪Сߵֻ̣֪Լһע͹͵С̵ͣʱͲˡ
С̸òǸСɫ߰ɣ
ǳһĨЦôС̶ʲôԴ˲ôࡣ
ҩҺʦȷСûˣԽͳѵšٵûӦСȥѵ
̫С˲İ
ҶһҵС̣ôξͲôأС̣ʣµǱС߸ߵľǱС׳ġ漸ߣȴСֺüẠ̇ʱԼʵŰСߡ
ôҪһСУ԰˿ô죿
ţҪӴͶιȡ

緹ͰԼڷ￪ʼԳ˼
˼ԼݵĿǲҪһ䡣
Ӵ˿ݵ뷨ͷβľʳóᵽʳЧȻΪͷԼ׬ޱҡ
ɾѵһκ뷨Ȼͱˡ
ԼݵԿͻȺҪϡ
ԽǿԽѡҩҺʦǵȼ͵ҩҺճ̶һԳסЧãֳɺüķáˣҲһյˡС̣﷢δյҩҺֹһ֣üֻһҩҺЧ˱仯ȻЩСã˻ҩҺĨˡ
ˣûеͼѵܷõҩҺҲ١
ҩҺ٣ûͼѹС˵һʲôز³ֻزһ·
ʳ̺࣬ȽºͣʮʺǳԡܳԵȽ٣⡢ǿһŲܳԡһһʳʺûͼѵ̳ԵġĻҪͼѹܳԡ
ÿǼ䶼̣ҴǶ
һЩɰǵĳɻʣһҲԼ˽ġղǽ׳سɳղӵиδϣʱҪõţղ᲻Ϊվĺأ
ֻʵ棬ĵؽܺ롣
漴Ϳʼ֮ǰõĲס
ϰԵؽռ﷭ңûе淭һ⡪
ڻҲֵʱ˽ٵҩݺҩӡΪҩֽռֻȼֲķҲٶȿ˵㡣ҩӣӦҲǲȻȴû뵽ֽȥӣҩݾȻڴʱ˿̣Ƥӵ£󲿷ȫֲ
ʣµٲðѿֲģҲֲϢŹ˼ͻֲ
ֲҩӳʱǰ˺ܶ࣬˷ϸ˼ռȴȲǰӳԭ
ֱһĻųͨԭ֮ԳΪȥͿʼ˰
ͻȻ˸顣
ô˲ֹҩӳʳͬȲռûǰٶȡ
Ȳؾȥֽȥʳӣͨġ
ĵȴ
һ֣һСʱСʱֱСʱȥۿһֽȥӣۿɼٶȽֲ


34 
ֲԭС, ÿһֻһָ, һ㵭ʺ⡣ֱǸһ׵ľ룬ܸܵ**
Ϊһʿ, ժһӽﳢ˳
Ҫˣ
ϵˮ, һſȴһѻӡƮˮ, ʱһС, ⧲ֱ֮ӱյ˶ǰһͷ˿
ĬȻ
ŸոսֲѵԼǿЩ̫ˣ
Ľ·˳ʱ, һһ֤˿ռչֵ漣ʱ̡
һ, ȥȻСҡ졣һʱѪ˿ģûȥֻץֲС, ʱʬ
ǹƤĵһľ顣ؼ, Դһ, ԣһžѣߵıһζһҹδߡ
йҰĽܲ, ۳, ͺܲζһģһ, ǽ, ҲǿӲȵáű߼ʵϹ, ֪ܲȥ᲻᳤һƽǣǿɾ۴ˡ
ֲܲųǿĿθʳųأյáһӴž˲
ϤĲϤʳڳΪֲ󣬶ȫźõķչ߱˸ָá
޲̲ٵһȫϯ
콵ʱ꣬ҪԼĿռˣ

Сߴ˯ѣͶһ˫bilingbiling۾
˻ӣСԴԺһ
Сɤ͵ģ̾ѹֲסһϲ飬ָסСߵСԴȥһ绢ĺס
һ࣡󣬱εС߻СԴκصڴϡ
˻ӡС߾Լǰᵽʲôǳ򳤳ʱɵĸо
̫̫Ǻ~

۵һҹû˯ǴһļѪԼѪԾɴڿռĴߴһܡСߣ˳屼ȥˡ
ৡһʳķŵϣϴɾʼһչ֡
ϺõĴӴϸ廨⣬䣬꣬עܽȥǳǳĻƮ廨̶һ־ӨС
п齫廨Ž󣬳ļ϶ɿкôн⣬ȡһϸ÷⣬ͬķʽһץһѹǵˡ硣
ǡǡãûһͽһ÷𤣬ƽ汾ν
õŽΣټӵۣ׿۹Ūˮۣſӿʼ衣ںܿճ״̬ʱ򣬹ܳ
ͷǣ³ɫ鵹ϳڻ΢ɫ£Գһ鿪ʼ͡ȥĵ֭ҺɫҨʱһڹˮץжνƬϣʯϹǣСʱȥˡ

ǰõ׼
ռڴʱѾɾĳ¡һû˯ǰѳˮˣһһ೦
೦һع⻬ޱȵֲ֦ģӲẹ̈ʮֲһһԱȺѡʺ೦Ĳϡ
õ೦ݺõĳóһڹ೦ͷϣ΢΢һʹھͱúܣһ߹һָᰴһȷӲȣͬʱϸڳС
׼ܶ࣬ȫ꣬һȰ΢һ⳦
⳦Ҫɳ£ֱӶֶܸˡ
ĳ޽̨һܷĿڹ
һµĴʯﵹˮƬѷɵ⳦һȫǹǿʼ󡣵ˮˣŪС⳦ôױ
⳦ڼ䣬ʼŪ߲˱
صˣǸƫ࣬Ҳ⡣ʳɲǸϰߣȻʳҪǳԣǾ͸Ҫעشˡ
ֱ߲˲УǳԲˣȥʮͷβ޻Ҫۡ
ÿҪԼ̳Բ˵ʱ˰ְǾͻһַˮתı߸СҲǴ̳ôġ֪ôۣСʱ򡭡ǻѡʳ
Ӹ˵ʳҲ˵һˡ
ˮҰ˸ԣ˭˭ʳ
߲˱ûѶȡӿռС׽һ޴ʻرɾһܲʵҰһ飬ٴͬעܵĹ޵ϵκ۽ȣ̨һλüϼ壬ˢһ㱡ͣͿʼ߲˱
ֱץһ߲ţ΢Բһţڹ״ĲһѹѹԱı״嵽ƾܳ
ÿ߲˱ֻĴ󣬱ŪһģһСòӾͲһ׽һԵ
Ķ죬ʮ߲˱ȫ꣬Ƭ̣ҲҪ֭ˡ
̼Ƭ¶ĲҶͺ۳һСʢҶϣƵ߲˱һⶨĲ˵еʳˡ
ֹһ⳦ӹ︡ȫ̳ʱ࣬һٷŵˢ͵ļϼ塣
ζڿԽԽŨӳĴƮȥ޲ðԼҵľСͺƤѸܹˡ
һſڣ͸̵Ļҹײ˸š
˶Ӽ룬ôΡ
ʲôľ˵ʵһˣζʳҪһڡ
˵͵ˣȻæġ
Ļľô𣿡
ľЦóһӣӡ
ӵϲǴӣŻţ
˸̥Ĵš
ʱ̣п
ˣŰѼý׼Ȼȥǡʾ⼸תֻ˳
˷ǹʳζ͸Ũˡ
ľ˶ӣûס˵йζ
С¥ݿᣬҡͷкüζҷֱ治
ĨͣⶼʲôʳﰡűЩʳʳˡ
Щܱ𣿡ľ˵ղô죬Ȼһζʳû֣ʲôƲ䣡
ĬԼ䷹Ĵ㣬ûԷҲߣ˵׼ǵĻ󣬶ĬĬŹӺƤȴ
С뵽ʲôŻҺ͹Ľ̾ðܱӶסǳԡӣҪÿܳԵôóԵʳҵޱҲԸⰡ
䣬ʳóˡ
ҹ裬ͻȻΣ


35 
֭ճ͹ĺ⡢׺ϸ߲˱⡢¶ۺĭĿ, ԼʢڰɫձðȺ, Ϊ꼴״ʳװڴؼζ
ôˣСľ, ǰڷźרСС, תͷɵסľЦʳǰҳζô
ŶŶľȻ, ȲάסֵĲ, ߹ȥ¡
С˱ȣæҴ߹ȥá
԰ɡкһͲٹǣԲ˼, һ߲˱һгС, ŵСߵר;УȲͷԣæСš
ڱ˼ҳԷ, С˦βͼͷԺ, ľҲȲط׷, ׼һӲһ綢õĿϡ
˷ͦʳȫװģǲԡ
ȻߵķҲǰװһݱսռʱ, һЦпż̻ʿ, һ߾ռͶι㲻ٳʳĴߡߵʳͬҪ, ιСιӵĸо
óԣľһ, ˹ˡһ, һ̾óԣⱭ̺úȣռ۳ԵҲζĻǾȫ𣡸𣡡
֮еЦţ֪ˡ䣬ֱ˸Ҷ
Ŀ¶ڴСˡ
СŸϣ¿մ̫գž۾˵óԣܺóԣǰζˣ
ֿҹޡ
һһùĹĵģôΣ˵ˡ
ֻС̺޲ȫضʱ⵹˵ûǰֻҪԿֻҪԺ⣬һֻرƫ߲˱һæŽʳι̣Ҫʱעǧȥ̵ʳҲۡ
һٷƵĳ꣬ջԼҵСĸˡ
˶Ƥ˲̱ϣŶӺȻԼòһõĽ鶼ûᣬʳĴ̳ת˼ڤ죬Ե粨Լͬյһ
¸տҪôֱӿžУ
Ҽǵʳ궼ޱҹ
ôȥ·Ϻ𣿡
ҪҲҼϷװװӣ
첱Ӵ֣תС˼

˵¿һҺ˼ʳꣿ
û¿ʳꣿң֤˸սãµʳ𣡡
Ǽ˵ܲһ
ʲôһһڳԳɸ߼սʿɣ
⵹ûУҾ˵Ǽ¿ʳƺ˼Ķ
˼ǲ˵ˣһʳ˼ݣǰ;
ѽȥ֪ˡ
ݿҵĵϣĴѸϯ˴ղ䡣ýģǲôˣʹŷ׷ױķſڿ֡
ƻɹˣҶڷݶ¥ӴʯԽԽˣת§ס˺ݺ˸ǡ
ҲζˣĿ佱ɵúãмܱסˡ
¥һ󼱴ٵĽŲСͺѾܶˣٲ˵Ĺ棬ǾҪˣ
ŷŷţϾͷţ
ʯ棬ǳһࡣȫΪ뿴˼Ķģ˼ëûǼһӷζ
ģ˭Ҵ֪ˣУ
ϽɢɢˣҶϵƭˣиƨ֣ո㵹ܿ٣
ǳ˲ԣ൱ƶ΢еܽƵ£Ҳ˷ʱ䶼Ըո֡˵Ǹһ˴֣ھԲܴϵС
ޣˣӣҡĳһ룬ͻȻӣһʲô
˻䲻һϮ
ǧƾն̺죬š·ƾһƬԤ׽٣Ŵӵʯܣҷ㼯ʱʯݸֵָͬ硣
һ涷ޣ񼣡
һѪ
Ͻߣһ޴ĻĻϣӰ񻺻֡
һӴϸʮ׳С߻δڵϣŲԶĥıԲʯͷȥ
һԴ͸ʯͷɫĹ⣬С߰
СߺϲСؼҡ
һûס
ڶ¾סȴ᲻
ºòװᶯȴһˤſڵϡʯͷѹСϷ·ѹһɽƾѲˡ
Сߡӡؿˡ
ʱһתСѹ˿Сɽľʯûޣһ鳬дĺԵýζ꣬Сβͼ⳯һʯͷ촷ۡ
԰ʱ𣺳˺⣬Ρ

һֻûõС̱һֻͷС׷׷׷׷ȴԽԽԶֻͷԶȥ
Ȼ󣬻һתСɱܵÿĴͷû׷ͳһдĿڳꡣһ˲ƵľͰѴ󹷰ſ˵ϡ
԰𣺳˿ٲΡ

档
ƣߵСڵϺͷС߾һ߲˱ݹȥС̳̱û
һתʢڰɫеĺ⡢߲˱һһ֣мһ̡
̷ݵʳ̳ɲŲΡ
žĻըƮ䡣
վĽֻһ⣬һȴǸɸɵʲôҲûС
˼룬ĻȻУǻþЩǾ˻þ˸ģ
ƻþе½½Ⱥһҵۡ
ôĻжǿ
ҸҴģмսʿҲ
ʯڣʱӿռȡĻֲЩƣ۵ǡ
ڵʵʱٿֲ
һ¥յķŻʯʳڵȵͻƿڣйƵӿվһûߣŵڶ沥ŵǡ
㣬ʲôζ
ҴûŹǲǸոĻϷŵЩʳζ
Ӧǣȥ
ÿ֤˽ʳ궼ӭһƷζ**
ȻΣȴٳû˶š
ʳʲô̷ݣѵ˵ʳֻܸǳԣ
һɣʳ̺ʺնѡ
ȥ̵ʳе㲻˼
ζĺ㰡
һۣԥҪ̵Ȼȥ̣û̵ľͽһֻ
ȺУбһ⻰һĪ԰̤ĽŲӭ˵߽˷ݡ
ǡ֣С۰ơ


36 
ӭ١
һƿ, ŷݰɫƷĻҺ͹ӭɵİɫ, խ¿ڱ΢΢ϵԵ˫ȱֱ޳Ķƫ¶һ, ֱ̧ʱ½ק, ¶Ҹ͹ĸ͹⡣
һһվһԱ, ȴͬýͦ, 
ҹ¶ѵİ˿ݱ׼Цݣӭλ£һϲ;ߣһ΢ЦѯʶԷҪЩʲô
Ƿк⡢߲˱, ҪЩʲôأ
˻ûܹôܵķЩȻĻ˰ѯʣĸó԰
ǫΪϲֱ, ʶ̧ߵ°, Ȼ˵ȫóԣ
ҲûòԣͷֽʼǮ
رۣٺޱһ̣ʮޱһ߲˱ʮޱһ̶ʮޱһ
棬˶⼸ʳҲһ˽, Ļ, ü۸Թ, ʳһ̿ҲһٶޱңôҪ٣Ǹʲô߲˱ҰİɣôȿǶһζȥץ̵ֻҰ޾ܺȸʹ죬˲ʮޱҡϸĴԴɿһˣоԼҪףеˡ
Цݲ˵ǷݵʳĴ⵽ҰˣȫǵϸϸѡģԲڲõĲ֡ΪҪǳԵģȻ͸߲˱ΪĲϱȿǸұ֤ʳǳ˲⣬кܴĺô˴˻һۣĵ˵˰ɣǵʳﻹмٻָŶ
˵һǧһ򣬶ûǼ䱣֤øдŷ
뵽Լʱûоӣһҧÿʳﶼһݡ
ϵȴúܽ˵ʳ˿ûãĵһû
մۺͰǳԣҪأˣĿǰֻ޺֣ҪŰǷأʲôҪ
ֶҪ̣ʳóԣΣѵҪġ۰ԹֻʲôûҪ޵ģܰǷ۶𣿡
ԡЦԵƬ̣ʳܿͻ
ͷ˳µһˣͷĻȴе⡣
ǵʳĲһޱң
ҡͷܡ
ˣǲˡ˵
һ߲죺¿ĵˣǾͳһ߰ɡʱô˶ˣʲôҲԾֿտյسȥûӰ
׺ݵصһۣһôСĿҪʮޱңޱҼһ飬һЩȥıʳ㹻һ̿ˡ
Ҫһһ˳һڣ
˷ۣҪ˵ʲôԶ̳ˡ
ɫĺ⣬̵ҶƬ˶ʮ飬ճĽ֭ڲҶϣ¶ˮ˵ĺ¡߲˱ƣд䣬ʱƴССɵʯСͬմӼñƤѿǡ̡졣װԴ͸İɫʯ渡һƤðббһܡ
Űɫ³Ƥɰףݿһ˫˵ĺ΢΢𣬺ɫĴÿĻȣʳһһϣɤƴ棺ʳȫ룬ףʳ졣
ڵľͺˡ
ʳɫѬЩȻʹ֪ɢһɶȶ˿̣ζ𣬸ûһζ
̸ϲȲȥƷʳ
зݣŽ֭ҧһڣȲֲеѽ߲˱һԲҰζƤ̵ִ࣬ǡã͵й۵ζǿҧƱƤ˲ܳ÷ĭմһʲôζʱһ˿𣬼ֱóԵˡ
һڽһڴسԡһӣ̺ȹ⣬߲˱Թ⣬ʣù⻬һľǩһ롣
أ춯صĿ޺ͻȻ
ź̾ˡ
⣬Ե̫Ͷ룬ιô죿
أ
º⣬Ź󺰣߲˱һһ̺̣ȫţ
գԵȡЦȥ˲ˡʳ֪һʱͶιԼˡ
ౣǰ˷ޱڻе̣գС۾̱Ͷιÿģؿ
߹ȥСԴ˵Կתͷ˰ЦŵͷԵһ¡˵곯¥ȥ
ıӰӲضشõһϣͰͰ󣺡ͳһɡ
ֱߵ£Ҫһ
һ̾ͳ͵Ǹ
׼һڼһιӳԣһڿȥĬĬһۺ޲ľǩһȥİ¡
ȥİɣƾʲô͸ʡ
˴һӣÿʳһݣҪ
ֵòûάס˿Ťͷܡ
վڳʵƨ
ЦΣֻ̳Կû˼
˻~Сߴ̧ͷָ
Сβͣԣԣ껹С˵괹ɨõʳȷ㹻Ӧ׼Ͷι緹
ռ䣬ȴ䲻ض˴**Ļˡ
ȵȣôˣ

˸ڳз˺½½кü̵˽
ʳζСֶԽƮԽԶʯŹڶֲŵˣ̲סǰſϳ̽ͷ̽ԡɿ쿴һۣϽ˻ȥ
ôʡ
͵ʵش𣺡ҿǳԵöͦ㡣
ǴأҲ𣿡
˳ˣһȥ͵۷ŬŬ쳰ЦԵñǻءиԼԺüڣŸιһڡ
ôóԣ
ûȥԣô֪
ҡҧһؼȥ̹
ڣ˿Ҫͷʱݵĵһ˳Ա㱧̳ˡ
ιҵʳôóܸоʲô𣿡
˴ãŶźó԰̫óˣϧʵˡõĻȷʵУоҪһʳ㡣λԼ̣Цʣô
ءֱ˸ĶԿճ
һס
ӯ
˵
󺰣ʮĽˣ
ǣ
һ̵ͷǺҹķҲԣ
~
ٴӳԹʳǶû̵Խһ¸ж
ʱݶ̲סһأһһɷˡ


37 
ףǸʲôʱˣ
иƨ̰¶ûкòã
û¸û, ȥſڸ
ͬʱ𡪡
Է
£
վڷſ, ĵĲΪΧϴ˽̱óǰ
ֻݵʳġ
һҰˣסʯĽֶ档Դӵղ, һʹܵķ¡
ʹ°Ķھ, ÿܻƮʳζδζһŵüҹûȥʳؼھҹٷҪʮζ, ڴһټӲ͡
仹Ӧ, ζ֪ٱٷҪӷḻöࡣ
ܵʲôͬھӼһƮεʳζܲˣͻھӼҵζ·, ôĴˣƾջһζԽԽ, ԽͳԵԽ, ˺ü
Ȼ⵽ײسԵھӼҵʳ
Ŷӵı͸УȻĪĿС
Ϊһޣ൱ֲڣﶼҰ޵ĳζ˵ÿʳȫʳǰҲа¸ʲôĽģԴھӰ, Ȼ;òһˡ
ھǸ̵ˡ˵а, ȴûгֹ
ھӾǸ, ȴһ־õĳաÿνܷھӲԼչ˵úܺã̸չ˵һ㲻ˡ
ھرÿ
һʼֻż룬ܳԵһΣ¾ͳһھʳźžͻʧ˰ɣ
˶ھӰµĽһǸĴԣ׬ޱңھӾ͸ڼչ̡
ٺھǸʼղ֣˹մھӵѣԴʶھӺûмİ£Ȼ;Լˣ
ھӵİ·ǳпǳ£
ھʳôóԣҲչ˵ôãǸһ᲻뿪ôԷֵɾֻʣһ
ھӵİˣ
һ˲䣬һ쳣ӵ
ȻΪǸԼһˣھӵĻƺԸܡ
ԼֻϲھӵʳΪʳŶھҲϲ˼ʱھӵķݿˡ
Ϊһݹˣûʲôǳһٽ˵⡣
һٲо١Եöˣ϶Լ˰ȣ
ĦȭƣһŵĿˡȻ󣬵ͷһ
̷רʳ̳Եģ
ܲȥ԰
һụ̂費̡Լĳ㹻֪֮ɷžʮĻûĸԸ̽ģѽ裿ͬǵͲҪ໥Ϊˡ
ŷݴŸԼ͹ͣǻȥһԡһţֱΧ۵˸Ȱˡ
£´ҶȥҲġ
עܾˡǰĿ˲ҳȥĿֲҽ˲ȼŭ
ҳǰɣµľˣ
ҪǷݵʳ𣿡һǵĶûһ͸Է֡
ҡҿ𣿣ֽܳŶ֪ôˣһ׶Ӳúͨͨдŵ㺦ߣţҿһ񺮡
ԡ黺˵㣬ͣǵ˵ˣʳ£û̵ҲܽԡһʳﲻǾҪȡ
ʳﹻ𣿡һڣ֪Լ˸׳⣬æͷҳҳԣ˵ƿֱȥ
ҳǣޱҵķϡ
ҪԵʲôǷк⡢
㲻˵ˡܣеʳȫҪ
һˣзۡǡ
еҪÿζĿһ
ңҪ޵Ļ޵ģҪǷ۵Ļʲôŵģ
ҪҪɤŲԾذθߣÿ̶һǶţһʲôҲţ
ңá
濴ˣӵȴչȻ£ʳﶼ˲ٺЩ˾վסˡ
ûֻҪû̵ҲԽȥ
գ
ǸӶ׿˵ġ
תͷһЦ󷽵˵˰ν̵Ļ㣬´ξ͸ֵˣ
ѿŻĬȻôܳʹ죿
һû̵˷ӵ򷹹ݡ
һ󲨶⡣
¶˿ݣ˼Ŷ̵ĿȽ
Ǹøѵ˶Ѳϻ֣٣Ƚȥռ
Ŀתű̵˺ܿȥòֵˡ
ǸұЦǷ˵ȫˣĵȴһ漴һŭʩʩȻ뿪
õԣҪڹؼʱ̰¶ǰͷ
ﲻµ˲ûУҲ񫣬Ҹʵһǲƽ޹ʵһרάսʿĸ¿ǻᱻϳģ
ִ־첻ʳͲˡǾվſڵȣֲǡ
øɵ̫˷ʱ䡣ղô࿪ʳֲûԹЩõʳ̷ݵʳٺóܺóԵȥҲͺζһʳࡣοȲĿԸ󡣱ϾζһֲǼҵԼģ󲿷˹ͬѡġ
ǣЩˡ
ǣǰŵ´ȴ´´Ρһֱûᡣ

Һ͹ϲ˶СԸ°æľԸĺͷĵػˡ
زУʱ˿бȷݸҪµ
ϸϸȷһ£ߵǲǻָʶûָͻڿռšһָˣǾ͵ҸͷŲˡ
ͼӲͣÿԱ˯˯ͳԵС˯ʱԽԽظҼ·ĹС߾˯ô׶ˡ
Сŷڴϣ̽˿ռ
ֱĿ꣬ƾߵԴȥ鿴Ҫ֪߻ûָʶ۲ľͶˡ
ûĵطԾһƬҡõľʲô״̬ʲô״̬һжԭǷ״̬㿴߻ûлָʶ
ôˣʶԼʶԼ
ĻǺߡ
ƾֱĻܾǰ߿Ը
Ϊƻָһشߵʹ̶ȣֱ״̬
ֱͦͦһ˯š
Ŵ߳˼죬ĥԭԿ۸ɴͲˣٹ۲۲˵
Сؽֱ۲УʵǶԷ̻ǹؾصһ̣ǲ֪ôŤ˼£˽ƵģŤˣöۡ
Ȼһ壬˼صļ󡣻ָʶ˻ôĥԼе㻳Լֱǳˡ
һɵظ塣
۲֪һһ
ԭĴһߣڵԴ߸һذɫĽǡǲ̬ǸһֻеײֵһΣŰָ̡
ȷ֮ǰûнǴڣ˻ɹ߾˻Ҳ岿ȱʧϣС߲ôɣ
Ƚֵ߳ģ׳ͬ·Ƶ֫ʱһȷСͬˡ
ֻǣǾͳǣ֫צӳ־ͳ֣Ϊʲôֶ֫ʽʽأ
㲻
һڳźõķչ㹻
𴽽ǡȿ߾ûָʶ༸Ҳûָˡʱ򣬸ýܽˡ
һɣžּˡ

ɻ
ŵض
˿Լո۹β֣Դһһеתβͣض֮֫䡪
Ȼ죡
ԭŤŤŤŤŤ黨Ϊ˰
ô棬Żָʶã˲ã
һŻž˳˿ռ䡣
ռֱĴ߼ֿʼŤ黨Уе͵͵롢һ˲š


38 
ϲ, ӭͿ, һҹ޼æݣ緹ûʱԡȻӶĹֱУż˴Ŀϣжһģһļ͸ˡ
˵ˣ׬ޱԽ࣬ܵõıҲԽ࣡
ɫû׺ݵʳͲҪˡ
ʳﲻˣǲ㣿ÿķţ͵˵
ڻ, ԡһ, ĵػأˡ
ֵҡˣΪʲô滹кö˵ҪԷءôõĻ᲻׬ޱ, ʵ̫˰
û³֣Űɡ
ҾԼеû壺ءţ
˼˵ʣµʳԼ˰, ˡһο꣬ҪϤҪæµҲˡ극ȥϢɣ컹еæ˵ֱ꣬˷š
ҶŰ壺
ܺãΪʲôܾúޣ
˻Һ͹Ҳհ졣
΢Цһߵޱ, ִӳʢеʳ, ľСһ, ͺĹʵ
ʵ
ҹȥޱңȴעҪǶʣµʳһһζͬң׹Ŀۡ
극ְһӪԱС׬ޱҵ潻˾һ뿪ˡ
һɨݿҵһʮޱĸޱҡǸͷ
ޱңץޱҼ
ߵ¡
ʱԽãҲԼ˿Ǹϵģ˵Ϊ˵Ծ
һԾζƽĿԼġʧһץˡ
лһ죬ɰοԼԼԼͨˡ
ĳǺõģҲǴൽˡҴҶԣ׷ץһץҲûʲôˡȣ
ҪСڲŶԣ
ͨˣͷ⣬濼Ǵ߷ڵ¡
ûǰ峤ڻ˯ڼ䷢ڿʼˡ
ǰޣҲˣ¾ͱⲻˡҪ˵ʲôֻڳ̡
ԣ巢Ҫ೤ʱŽ
˼֮һ
峤˶ˣҲ֪ܲܳԵ·
˼֮
Ա㣬棬᲻ӳڣ
֮
һ㣬Ҳ֪ûָʶһûʶԼûأòĺЩˣ᲻´ԭΣ
֮ġ
Ϊѵ֮壬ҪôͶιһڵˣ
ǲʱ޿һֱڷģɷҲû׼ȷʱ㰡Էһղ֪ΣҪǱΧۣǡ߳ܵа
˼ȥΪ˫ãȿʱͲԷ˰ȣ
һһûҲ㲻ˡ

ݿҵڶ죬׼˱ǰһʳһææµµ֣Ҳõǰõʳž˲óԡ
м䣬ҹޱһ˵ſ鿾ǰ
һ죺˵ð԰ס𣿡ôԱʳˣѵôͳʳ
æͣԵͿԣӾСʳôóԣޱҡ
ҺЦŵͷǿǾٳһ㣬ȫԡǼ׬ޱңԵĸʳһҹôеķӡ
Ȱ䣬ͬᶨܾ
ӺľСŵԷ
Ǳͺľһʱ³裬ٺһ̣ľͦŶƤؼ˯ȥˡ
һţһкü˼˽
Һ͹¶Ű˿΢Цӭȥѿλرۡ
һһȳȻǸһι˵¿ͣﱧź˯̡
գԵȡת¥ʳ
дĵǸˣ˵ʲô˾ԼϲֱӵˣһݣҪ߲˱ʮǺͷۡЦŶԹ˵Ҽ̴ҰҰû뵽ȴʮֵϲ߲˱ʡҲ£
ϲԾͺá
˵꣬˴ˣæ߹ȥ
ǸֻһԷˣȹ߽żص̣Ҫʮ
¥ţһпȻҺ͹СͲٿܽʳװװ׼ˡ
һ߷ĿСߺС棬һʱע¥µ
˱Ҫ࣬ȫǻͷ͡Ϊʳ㹻Է̵Ķ࣬û̵Ҳ١ֻڴ˵Уû̵ôִæŵһǳɣһͻΪλʳﻹûԭ򣬱Ѻõظλ
ͨ˽⵽˹ȻǸϲԺͿ߲˱ҲҪ࣬١˿ǶͦϲԣһһҪ˲١ǵĻʲôԣر߲˱ȫΪ˼ҳϲιʳа񡱵һλ
ɼСǶ߲Ǽѵ¡
ȻҲǡ෴ġϲش󳬹ϲ˰ְǣյľôԼ̶Եˡص˷ޣǵֻ˼⣬ȴǳ˺üǶ˷޶ϲˣ
ҺԼС̲ʳ
ôһ̧̾ƼС͵͵ˡ
ôϸݵһС壬ǿŴذɣסɽϡСıѹˣ֪С߾ŵ÷ɿ졣ϸϸ֫ûӲСצצҲ֪ô
ŵˣС߻ϲԴ档һӶԶ๾ȥٱСһצӰס߻Ƶġ
ɣռ޵ǡ
ҺëëС̡һ£һצӰԼҵܻǵϣͰûƿǵĵ˹һæֹסܼһ飬Сϡ
ɵİɣСԼϲѵϴȥģСߣ롣ûС̣档Сߵβͼ⣬ŵϣСĿˣ˵С̡СˣʹİְҲѹˣҲһ
˻ӣС¶գգۣƬ̺Ứ˳
ްᣬʶΪԼ˵ˡ
С߿ء˻˻ӡţֻСצצü죬ֱۣӸ첲򲱾ٴವĿڵλãԼСԴط˺ü¡
ë׵ĴУŪȴЦΪˮʪ鲼·
Сòͬȥοʼղͣ¡ֱȻ˵˾䡰ĿڲۡСڡ˻˻ӡСŲˡ
ȻͲҪѹˡôɰ̣һ㶼뻹Է


39 
Է˱Ԥеø, ʱ, ׼õʳѾʣ֧࣬ŵǾԲˡ
ʼվ첻Ըⲹʳԭϡһ̫Ҫľ仰ŲˣȻö˶˵ô˷ޱҲȥ׬أ
ǣԸȥòʳùȥˡ
һ¥ȥһԴתü˼ǡҲΪ춼ǻҵĴ˰¸, 벻׾ľ仰⡣û, Ǿˣ˵ǹϲֱ׵Ļ
ţõŽȥ, ͶιСߺԼֻС̵ɢ˴, ƽȵ˵һ·ĸ塣
Է˱ء
Цŵͷǰ
ͻ˵Է˶ˣ׬ޱҲ϶ࡣ
һۣš
ޱҵȻԽԽԲԣ
˵ǰһ˵Ļôһ䣬ȷԷʮ**Լίǹʵ˼ˡ
ûһ˵ҹֿ죬ڷܻԹ, ܶһޱ, Ϊֵͦõġ
ͬ, ˵˵Ŀģʳﲻˣǲٶһ
˵ι̾ȥ
һ¶棬Ҿæѯս¶һЦķԼ·̡
ŶŶһȻ򣬡ԭϲίİ֪ˡ
ؿڣЦҶѧŵ㡣
Ŀ˸ץסһ£ƨġ꣬Ͷ뵽æµС

չȥúӭĵһ**ġ
ʱŽʳҼܹ״ε˵˴Էʱһ±Ƶġ
Է⣿
ڶ¥Ż¥͡
ſڣ鲼ϰǣ翸һɫ鲼Ҽ翸һͷѪӵĴޣһЦ
ϲ㿪˷ݡǳǽŬŬ죬ʣ޾ͷǽϿ𣿡
Ҫ˵УС͵͵˴ֱ
ôˣɻʡ
С˵޲Ҫǽߣͷڴſ档
ҹ޸ĳ̶ֳ˵ԭʼˣǼȻûǼС˽⡣
Ǽ俪̣Ļн׵˶ụСͣҪЯԼҰޣǸŪĲСʾԱ˴ĿءУ΢¶һ໥֮ĹϵҲܿǼӵеĵû˸ҶԽ
ԭˡˣ
ΪʲôҰҪſڣ
СӦ˵˶ҪҰ޶۲Ұһ飬ԽԽߣߡôҰ޵Ҳ⣬ǵĿء
Ȼһű߰ڣ̾Цӡ
Ұ࣬鲼ʮֵףˡ
л£һ¥ûλŹ˶¥ԼõĲʢʳùƷʱ¥ҿ⳶ɤŵĴ
ҾߵľżҾϲ

ľУֻһֻޡëĹޣſſһԣеѷ죬Ѫɣ¶һڵϡ
죬ĶţľҰڿҾߵϣƤţһʱҪȥģ
жô²ԣר˹ѿԽ
ֱӰһߵĿյϣĴ¹ҲʱͷԺľȥ¥÷һŤͷȴľڰߵõײײ
ڼ˲ǱＱ˶͵ؽô̵ôࣿ
ľע⵽ߣһֻ棬Ǻ֧֧˵ԣСıġˡ

ʳľǿһ˽ʹ̫ʹˣڸûгԶ顣Ȼһڣľ۾ˢһӲ֪ʹ˲Ӱ壬߲˱壬塭ʳȫ꣬ľͷһ̣س̾һ
úóԣ̫óˣóԵʹûôˡ
ףôȷʵûôˣ
ѵ
ľУʳȻܻ⵰ۣ
ʳܵ˺죬Ʋ˵ƣɽôӣ
һͷسԵĻ́ͷȴǸؾʲôεۣһԲϾ֮ʹľĻ

¥ֳɤźˣʱģ֣
鲼ͼҾߵϰе׼벻ˡ
ûǴĻԷƺҲԹˣʲô˼ңȻǶţȴû˵ء
ֻβ޹ǳ·βһһ˽
βްȻǣ
ֻأ
ȥΣÿζһңҪʵڱȱ˵ʣҲŲȥأ
⻰ίֻǳףǹ˵ġ
ֻβ޷ֱߵҰϣϵ¥ŤŤ£ŤŤضŶʳһ̻ʣŤŤشűվֹ
ҡ
ľ䲻쾯㷸еЩ
ҡԴҿŵ˵ϲ㡣

⣿
ϲһ͸Сˣϲ
΢ЦϲⰡȥһ̡䣬ŲԴæ뿪ȴǾֱߵ¥£һλһ
վſ³һ
һ׶ǿ׳ˣúüĿ˧ߵضף˵ʵϲûУŲ١
Ƕý˰ȣ
˻΢ظһˣ¥һ֣Ȳܵ
Ｘ˫۾Ͷ
˶䶼ʹǰĸȫˡһߣǾߴߴȤظ֧СΪͰһ˼Ļҳ⡪
ǹϲֱףϲίػصٱװȣ
ȡίذѻͷСϣɰ
ллҲôΪ
úܺá
лл
ҾԱøã硪
ţ
ҸһĻ
аˡ
֪İˡһҶ˵Ҳһֱ

ŴУǰˣһϸӰಡ֮ɱĲҽ
໡ſ㡢ɹϺӡ
СССһϣһѳҶŵæȥӡβͼճСȣĹĵصУ˻˻ӣְֲûŲ
ŵ¼ûб˵Щ˵ôʲôණҧָæ˱ˮС߸Ͻڡ
˻~ͷաΪģС߻ǹԹڡ
С߹Թ³ˮź֪ԱѾӲҺѹʹ
Ǹٿһидľ͹ǣεˡ


40 
˷гж, ˿̲ͬһʵԽǿ󣬿ԽΪǰ峤, ʵ˵, Ҳڶɵ֡
ǰѪ״̬
ڵĴ, ˵»Բ, , ص״̬, , ôôŲ˰ȣ
ûΪռ, һ춼ûнռ俴һζ, ôߴžƣ, ƣӦˣֻѾſſʱ˿ڿռﱣֻ״̬
ô, ͶιСߺ, ͸æ˿ռ鿴
ȻȻһһŵޡ
ΪʲôһţΪ, ȴԾǿǿذԼŤһ̯ˮ黨һϢȴ͵ľơ

˷鶼ôôµ𣿶ҿͨڹϢ鲻ֹ˼Ȼ;ⷢ鿴ͣˡ
ô죿ô죿
˰, ͻȻ, ȫȥѯѯֳɵҩҺʦľ, ô͸أԷûɿİ취ͬΪԣɿĽһȣ
ľ̽ź⣬ͱ뵽Լ
ʲô취ֹͣ飿ľɨ·üʣô㵽ˣ
Ǻæҡ֣ûû
ľ۾ʲôߵģͦ۲²⣬ŶŶ֪ˡİ²ڣû˸⣬ֲұˣֻ÷ֹͣˡЦʵʵ˵͵ˣ¡
ҲǣûСԽԽڡ
ľЦˣǸС⣬һƿҩҺܽ˵óһƿװŷɫҺҩҺӸ
æҽסѯʣҩҺʲôõ𣿡
аľЦζҩҺھͿֹͣԵģٴηĻͻԽʹҩҺԽ͡գգۣʵ㲻õã˶ڴĲء۷㣬չʾԼðżʧһ£ͦõ𣿡
ǡ
⻰һ˼²衣
һ費С£費ˡ̫ǻ̬Σ
תһ룬ȵ´ηڵ϶Ѳ֪೤ʱˡʱȻб£Ҫ̫ࡣ
ľϽιҩҺЧͦ죬Ӻ󣬴߾ͻָ˳̬Ͷι˵ʳְֱһЩ飬æʹҴ뿪ˡ

⼸⽥죬ֲ¶ˡ˼й
ÿնظѭεķ棬컻ݡ
޴ĻϣһЦü۵վڴϣֱһҡǮ֦ޱҡֱǼʯһ㵽㣬ߡ
԰ף̷ݣޱҷݲΡ
йһֱϲһ磬ֱܲòֹͣ
ܶûǸʲô˼ȴץӸεԼĺġ
ʲô˼վſڣȵĶʵʵǰѯ˽ɣ˼Ƿֲ׼Ӷˡ
Ƕٸ
˵ͦ࣬Ҫءġ
ޱҰ
˵ǮҾġÿʮҹһγͣһ߸ޱңٷסеˣޱҪ٣ӵĻҲǶʯһá
ܲǰٷǣ¾˼æԼ
㿴𣿡
ҺЦвҲֻ֪֪ǹҪ󡣡
ѯʵ˴ߴ٣ʲôҪ˵
Ҿ˵ǹҪͦ򵥣Ժãֽû⡣
˵ĲüͬȥĹǶҪݰæ
żҡҡͷǹͨĿ顣
ʲô飿
ֿ죺
ݺ棬һƬյءյرʮ׳ܵܵ˲ϰ
ָܵ˵Ǵͷܵһͷײϰֻܶ㿪ܵúõĻǹͻǡ
ʣôܵúã
ҽͣٶȿ졣
򵥣Ͼܸ㿴
ȵȡסǸˣߵܵյ㴦ʮСӡָſӽͣ󣬾Ҷװ˲ͬҶǰһģһķֱѡһ飬ȵͬٶȡ
û
˵ˣ˭뱻Ӷ˭ͿʼɡҪز͹ݹ
˼æסȵȣˣ𣿡
áҰڰ֣ͷصصǹҲ֪
һۣ˵Ҳ֪ǸѲɾԤ֪
ûԤ֪оܵǿӣ˾ӡǡһ˴ﵽҪĿͻᱻͻ֪ܰ˽еڶԡ
ݺʮ˿ȥܵһѪɱÿ˶Լٶƿϰﱼյ㣬˿ûܵӰ졣
רעضÿһϰ˽£ͨͨٿȴӿߵԿʼּҶһ쳣ƣǴСɫвͬҶ˲ɵˡ
ԭôֵҶô𣿿˶ЩۻҪôֱ棿
Ҷܶ࣬շּǻȫ޴ʮӹȥû꣬ǾĽɥʧˣЩԽԽеðƣһһֱֻ͡ȼڼ֣󲿷ֱˤˡ
ȥһͨ˶û֡Ҳ⣬תͷȥæˡ

סլһǰСԺĶʯһ׳˶Ӣһŷš
ﴫССġ໡һϵĿɬЦ˽ȥ
ĴϣһֻССĻ룬۾΢΢ţС̲ͬԵ
ҪԷ𣿡׳ظС̵Դʡ
໡С΢ɲҡͷ
׳壺ͳһòã
С̱۾˵
׳Σ˸ˣҪ𣿡
С۾ৡŴӴ
ְֱ㡣׳ϵرӳ¥ߡ
һ¥һС̳֣ʹ׳ȥԼ§סһС̵ԴЦ׵صҷһ¿ʳ꣬ʳķǳóԣҾһϲԣҪȥһ𣿡
Сһ˫ɫ˦β͡໡
Ц󣺡֪϶Ը⡣
У׳ܾʳĶʺԡʲô÷С
ѽʳҪǰԸһҲ˵⼸Բ¶ŴȥʳԣǼʳķǳȥҲһܳϡ
гԲʳĵ𣿡׳ɵʡ
ظ֤Ǽʳ̷ݣҪǸʳԵġ㲻֪ȥԷ˷ǳࡣ۲˼죬ȥһε˼ÿ춼Ҫȥһ١ʳóһԭ򣬻һԭʲô
ʲô
˵Ǽʳи߲˱ʳҰģԲݵȴһ㲻߲˱ҲвϲҰ˵ëΪܴȥһ
׳Щҡһ뵽СйʳԻӵľԥˡ
Ǹʳѵǿ˵е⣬һġǿЩ̫һ㲻õĻ԰лȰȥȫԼԵʳٸԲ𣿡
׳Լûɵӣ뵽ʲôûԣһҧȥһԡ


41 
, ˷ָܵŷῴ
ص̧ͷƳһۣĲɵڸһ䣺Ŷ, ǸרŸʳĵ𣿡
ֻ濴Ļ, ʳûʲôĵط˵ʧʲôȱȱջߡ˼ɵѵӣŴȥԷҪһ, ʳôҪóԡ
ôõ𣿣ѺȻ, һһէһ
üôû˵꣬˶ĻвŵĻˡ
ףôСߣĻоʯͷС߾ȵ
ץסӼԭر, ੲݣйĶûǲǺܺÿϷСߣǷ˵̣, ÿɰֻС׷ŹͷǲͦЦ쿴ǳԵʳظ֤, ȥʳԹһ, ʳĺ͹һģһ
ͺ콴֭ס飬Ƶ߲˱, ðǵĿ, ð̡ÿһֶŴĻ, ˺֡
ʶ˿ڿˮ, Ȼǻվڴϣôľٶ˿𣿽Ťͷȥʱ, һڵʿˮ˷, Ȼкü˴ֵĨĨ°͵Ŀˮ
˳, һԴ˵ĸ̾Ҿһûпˡһ
˵ˡʳտʱһпԵʳҵʱͷȣٺóܺóԵȥѲɻܱȵһʳȻҾˣȻֱڶûȥԹһΣ
ʣ㶼ûԹζ֪Ͳ𣿡
̾մ˺֭ŵûס£͡á㶮ġᡣ
᣺һ㶼Ҫôζȥ˶ں
ʱſڴһϲĺ
λˣֵˣ˳ͳŷСܹȥ
˼䲻һ첲סһ̵ˣҴأǲӦȽ
ˣͷץ𣬺εؼһʳʯģһҪҸ£һСӳʱҲҪñĵ޳ڵľ
С̵Դضһ׳üң緢˵ߣǽȥ
Ÿ̧ȴ˺סһһΪҲˣһתѣ̴ů
㰡ᣬѳԷ𣿡ڵʣ˳ֽ׳Լǰ
Ŀȥ׳ͷš¡
ѸղһۣЦʣҲԷģƺûˡ֪ԸԸǸŽȥմǵӰ
ԸԸﶨ£⽫׳һŷȥ˷ݣֱͬһࡣᴧ£Сİһ£׳סֻŻŸϽƿ
ôˣ׳ɻʡ
ҡҡͷû¡ǳԡԷɡ
΢ЦŹϣ·ԼԵʳ
Ǹܲܶһ㰡ʣҾ߲˱պҲرóԡ
Ҳϲ߲˱պ𣿡ȲԼľ飬͵͵㣬ֹ߲˱ҲóŶ
գҪԣҲһЩޱҲ⣡
۰Ƕжģ΢Ц˵Ҫʹ
¥ϣĻ΢΢һ£Ƭ̵ǰɣҪҪޱңȿǻԵ١
ʳ뿪żֻ˼ƮԶ
Ҫ⼸˺üΪʱþ¥µԷǵϲҲ׼һ㡣
ҪǺõģиһ¾ֱӿҪһ˼˼˵ޱңʱͻˡʱٹ۲켸˵
ųһŴʵʵ¥£漴Ϳ˼Ϥס
ˣҪҲǡþһ
ֻС̱һ˱ţƺôáСתһȦüͷ
ϴѾСڲӵҩҺҲûãôСûյҩҺˣλ̫ЩдҩҺƺҪһ
ȻˣûڡοԾȹһεСͦϲģһǰҲǰ
վЦŴȤСߣǵѵǶС𣿡
СڹԳɵġ˻ӡ¡ãС񣬷ˡ
Цص˵ͣСûĵģû׼͵˼ҵĳء
˻ӣССԴ۾һգһգ
ʲôʲôó
ֻС̷ŻңСߵ¥¡
һǿһ¡ʶһС̣Ųصͷ
кתС̣ĵѯʣôС̳Զֲ𣿡
׳һ㶣ô֪岻ã
аϣƽƽ˼𣿡ЦʣͣϴȥѵʱײС̡ͻȻˣʹ˸ɫʾᡣһɨᱻס˫۾Ȼˡ
ƺ˵ʲô˵ĻԴεر͡
ô˵ˣ׳ɫ¹С̣ŪԲС
ս
Сȴǳעϣɿһ⡣ϧ⣬֭ȴմߵëëϣ׳˲ͷˡ
˵ȷʳûܳ𣿣׳ͺŻæС̡ᣬССĿϣʲô⡣
żοûµġҵʳǿ϶û⡣
ƾʲôȷ׳ʣǲң
ҡźϺϰ죬۾˵ͷ
׳ѹסŭҧǰɣ
ҧŴſǻһһʮظ߸׳
Ҳġ֪˻Թң԰ж֪÷ǳϲ׳δ¡С̳£ô׳ôϲҲԲɰ£Ҳ׳λΰڳĵߡ
ҡҲ֪ҹ¡һ˵мʳרʳʱᾡ̫ܲŻˡϣҵʺС̳ԵʳֻҪֲİ취м׷׳
Ҳҡ׳õص֪᲻ǹ̳£׳˲˿ɵΪ᲻ڲŻûչ˺ãӦһ뿪ġ׳ˣĸһʱȴҲⲻ
Բ˺ˣû𣿡ƴڻҪ˵Ҳ¡Ĵΰ岻òǵúúһʱ䣿㿴Σ˰㲻Ǹ˵Ǽرо𣿳ԵҲࡣҪҿҷݵʳǰģֻҪĳԵʳһøСһܣ棡
׳ĳС̳ιߵʳ
ٵһûĻͳԡ׳ֱӸעͨʳõЧܹЩһġ
С̴Ŷ䡰໡һһ˫ξⶢʳϣĵ׷
԰ɡ˵ұ֤κ⡣
ǡС̵׳ľ˵ˡ԰ɡԸһΡ
~С̽ţȴûȥԲ嵽ǰʳë׵СԴ͵ͽС
׳Լ룺
üۣḧİɫë
С۾ͷģ̲ƼƤ΢
໡ûȴǵϢ˾Сޱȷš
ܿʼãС̾Լ˿ֱ̼塣
ţΪ˳Զȫϵӿ
һϸӰವشڹʲô᲻صسԼԴϡ
СãȻ̧ͷһߵߵվǰ
໣
Сߡ˻ӡŭС
ˣֻ̳óԵѾ󷽲ȥƽˣû뵽ֻ̾Ȼ͵͵֡
ҪҲ𣿣
˻ӣС߷ŭ
СβƻһΣСȻһһ¡ȷǿͦסȸֱſµǿվվվվվŬջǱʧܴˡ
໡СؽУһһ飬·ʲôһ
׳ŵĶҪɳæҾҪҩҺ漴ͿԼԼëϣһֻ۾ɿֽϡ
ƻƻġ
׳ж೤ʱûԼˣˣ׳Ҫϲ
Ҳˣڡ
СߴסһܾȻزӣƺдšҾβһΪʲô͵¿ҪˡЦ
Ҳͦ뿴СҪôӦֻɵС̡
˶ڿϷ
СعþʧСǿ˿ΪҪԼȣ֤͹Լ̡
С̽СԴСһڡ

׳
ĬһĳĬ
׳ٿر˴ӹЦ
˵СʱҲô׹׳Ǿͳõѡ
û׳ҲЦ˵ҿҼӸСһΪѣǶദһȥԣõĴ
ò˵Ҫ׷׳Ҳ׷ģ⻰׳˼æһ߰ǻ׳ҪȥҰޣѵ̫࣬ҿСиչˣһá
С飬˴õİ֡
ѣѣ
ɿѾҪСĬ
ԼװӼԶԱȳǰҪöࡣ׳ˣ¾ıҪùϵ
ԺҳȥԣͰչˡ
˫۾еעֻܴӦ
Ϊ˰С̣ҲǲľܾðĿ⿴׳
ԾϵһǰӲǺƤҪ˲ʲôװߵģҪͻ׵ϴ
׾پ˺üƴСϴϴʲ쳣ʵãÿСϴװݸһָˡ
߳ſڣԥƬַ
мҪ㡣˵뼸Է
԰ʣҪҶ׼ʳ𣿡
ʳ㿴ŰСԹʳһ˻᲻ϲֻһȽѰ죬ҴԷʱϣ㲻Ҫٷű˽ǡϲ˴šһᾡϾʹͲᵢ̫ʱ䡣룬ѹɤһ䣺ݲһ㣬˶ֻкôûл
вڸԼͺô˼һתͲµԷ϶Ϊû׳˵ԼȹС̵¸еǸֲɡ
㲻ôС̵ûϡ
㶣˼˵µ˰˶٣ԭȷʵСģΪʳҾõѡ񡣡ЦЦ˵Щ̫磬Ҳԣһܳɹ㲻Ҫ̫
ǴӦ
Ȼû˵ݣỰﻰ˼ܲµҪͷСԼʳţʳǡǡôжԷϲã͸ˡ
ҪһЩ֪ʳƫãͰȷһˡ
Լʱ綼Ҫ١Ǿˡ

һȥ̷ֵһһأԻڵˡ
ϣʾԵӶ棬Է˸򵥵ҽܡ
ҽ⡣Щŵ˵αмսʿǿӸ첲
ͼǻÿ˶ԺѶɵġ־ǴαΣ໥תһ֫תɶӦ塣
мҪ˳϶崸ҪԺúȺáмѺеȵȻһδȽβͬĳһͻ֮ǲϵĳԺúȺãȴﵽ£ͻνˣ
мսʿûһǿ󡣰˵мսʿǲݹģʲô˲ٵսʿ˵͸ǰһǸαмսʿ
ʲôαмѣǲߡ
ȷ豾ٽαмͬʱ֡Ϊֽһ±Ӧרһֽ󾢲㡣󲿷αмѵˣ󼸺ʧܣ̶һ붼õģϧûʲôչǱ
˻û׷˵Ŀܡ
ˣѣͲֻӸ첲ô򵥣κһλˡ
û¶ʲô飬˿
΢ЦʣּҶ𣿡
ͷ
˳ʢˡ
һ̶ʮ飬ʢ̡߲˱ʢ̣ÿ̷ֱ飬߿飬ʮ顣ʮ̸Ҳûסֱ˵ٶʢá
˵ˢر첲һ첲ͬʱжķּã⿴ֻŽţͦࡣ
̲ҪѸʢáû˲ˣѾʢѸٶ˾¥ܡ
ͨˡЦ˵ǸʢˣסҪŪǷǰ׼źãҪʱ䡣ĻÿʮҹޱңٷסҪ׼𣿡
⻹ûӦʶҡͷˣס
Ҫʱܸ˵ʲôģȥʻҺ͹ǻġ⣬¸վͿʼæ𣿡
æڿʼС
Ц磬һա
ֳһ
Ա߿˻ԴϲȷѸֺתҡ
طһԭ
һԭոհѾ̽ռʱƺ񿴵߶ôһ¡


42 
֪ռ˯Ĵ˶, ̾ͷط佫ȫռв鿴
ûڴרõĻ˯λÿӰ
ǣôȥĶˣѲɻƾʧɣ
ﾪһ£ڿռչȫλȻͷСԱ߳һխڵӡ
ؿǸ̽ͷһۣͶһ˶ڽɫƬԵ쳣Ĵƨɡ
ƨһ, һ׳βʮȣβͼβڿӱϡ
ҡҡ׹ӡ
ɴþɨ, 漴²õ֤ʵ
ǰ֪Ĵ˶ûг, ֪ݻе㱣ءǶһ¶ѣǶ˷ǳǳ޴һ¡֪ʲô, Ȼǧ׵ľ룬СԴڵҳһ
Ϊֱ̫ӵԴƵĴͷԽ˿档ԴײصΣձԵ, βͲӱڽԾȣˤһͷ
۾š֪Ѿָʶֵýƣ˯ȥ, Ծɴڻ״ûѹ
֮Ȳ֮ҪľǰѿԼĴ߸Ρ
ܼ򵥡
ָľϵת͵ƾճ, ڰշɿŤһʵ, ָ˲ڿӵ׵Ĵϲ˺üȦ˩ô, һ˰һǿή˵Ŀ, ſݸ״Ľֲֲһľϵ, ֲð۵ĻһƹâಡؾͰѿĴ߸˳
ٿѴ߷Żԭλرɫ
Ŵ߻ָȫ壬ﲻ¶һ˿̾
ѾҲһߵϸ͸У෴رø׳˶ǿ޳֫׳ʵצ絶΢΢ϵɭ׵ľ״⣬ǿž˵
ߺڽɫƬԵָ̻Ѫ
˱Ѫ飬Ľ룬ԺߵƬһҪɱʯǵвöˡ
߽ýˣ£һĳչֻź
Ŵߵĳ򣬵壬ҲǸгԷɵ塣ϧǸޣʱ䲻ΡҲԼûаë޷εԭĿǰǸԡ
и߽ÿε飬ѾȫҪ׻ָҪһӡ
ٿԴˡ
ÿ첻иŬ£߻ҵľͨ˽ӽһ롣һ߲ٿؾߵԴһĥŽžһ֮ˡ
ľֱҪĿ꣬ҪۣľȴĪʧˡ
ף
ֻųһ˿̽Ϊ׼׽Լ̳ԵĹ̡
̳ԣôܣ
˵ӶɣֻʶٿصľҪռΪкܲסеǹԭ˵ʶųⷴ
ȻǾԸԵĻǾû⡣
ؼһԸӦ˵ʼվûвô̳Լͷһûô˽ףҲԾԵ£ܵиԵĹ߲С
ԴߵĹʲô
벻ڶԭ
˾ȷʵϲòУһԼ˻أֻҪԳԳԾͺá
Ȳð
Ȼ֪ߺ̳ܿԡͲԼľȥͲˡ
²ٿؾԴΪۻҵľҪ¼ҩ̼̼ߵʶ
ͷҿˣ̳ԡˣҵľҲͨôˣֱǸʱ
һϸ룬ҧڴԺһ¡
˻ӣ
һӣĵĽ͵
۾һˣ
ӲͷƤٴһ룬ȸղҪ΢һ㡣
˻ӣεĽԱ
һϲΪߵľʼˣ
ɲԼƲˣǰʵ
߻ָʶˣ
ʱпѹ
Լľ￪ʼҪһˣҸɸ߹·
úͶ룬Ͷ뵽Ƥƿһֺ϶ûע⵽

Һ͹ȫ֪ôġ
ǰҶĲԸߵģվ߸гߵȡ
Ҷֿտյġ
Դӷݿÿ඼
Һ͹ϰΪ
ɫŶӵųԺҹԽԽࡣһ극ˣʰӣߵſӭһˡ
ڵһǸǰԷˣһƤӹĹң֪ʲô
ֻһ۾ջߣ΢Ц׼ߡ
һȡԱͻȻ˺ס˻
ͣסŲŤͷһȻһӦǰµ˻ﱧ̡
˼ˡҶ˵ȣԵٵһˡ
ÿԷĵ֮ǰƵ׼ֲ֣ؾǶţþֻáףȴ
ұΪ˿϶ҪԹһ䣬û뵽Ȼ΢Цźؾó˿ûն룬̵˰£ҪʲôȻȥʳ
ʳȫплǸȴ溰
ʲô𣿡ʡ
˶ЦЦͷ⿪ƤӴͳһ˵ҪԷ
һͷˮ룬ʶأû
֪˻˻е룬صԼûҲȥ£ҰʳװҴŻؼҳаɣ
еɵۣû뵽ô˾ܵ¥ȥ˰ûӦֻ뿪ԼҰ
ν˵ʲôаֻҪ׬ޱҾû⡣
Ҳǣޱң˵ȥʢʳ˽ӹֱߵû˵ǽߣһţһƨ¾Ϳˡ
Ե͹⣬ڳ˿òòУһת˼һ뿪˶顣Ƭ̣һˡ
ҲҪؼҳԣ˶Թ˵ҪͿһС
һܲܲڶɣ
ޱȥװʳûҲ˸û˵ǽߣ¾ͳԡ

ҪȺþðҪҲؼɣ
Ҽ̫Զһ˶ҵȺüˡ
˭Ը밡ҿ϶

̣߲˱ʮرԼԵʳһ˱һ̣
ʮ߲˱
ڵˡҪͿ

ô죿Լ̫ˣʳҪˣ
ҲüûӦ𣿡
֪ڸʲôҽ˰ҲûӦ
ȥнаɣϳˣٿսµĴˣȻЩ飬û뵽ôôԼˡǶû̵ģ˵ȣʳﶼЩû̵ˣһд̵˳Բʳô죿᲻ҵ
ҲǰοԼҰ£ûµġ׬ôޱң϶ҲῪĵġ


43 
ӿռһؾ, Ͳ׽¥µĳųȥһɨԭǺü˳ʳôʶȥҺ͹ԷЦΧ̨ת
治𣿡Ҷⴹ
⼱û˵桢Ĳᡣ
ұͷץ񣺡ʳ㣬㿴˼ȴ̶ûסôõĻᣬôͲץס
ᡣҲŬȥȥѧôʳ, ɾǼǲסٶȾݵ׷Ļ˵, ۾Լѧˣǵ, Сıָڻʹ
Բ̫ˡǸ
ҿ֣µģһص, Ҳ֪ԼˣļǸ
æҵĴ
ҲŶԡ
˼, һЦԾִٵؿԼƤȹ˵ҵĴ, ȥ
˯ļֻ̣Ȼ, ˳ȥ
ҼؽУڳˣ
Ųͣȥ, ΢΢ͷŻҽ֮ͣǰæ, ̫רעû, Ƿʲô𣿡
Ҽһ, ˵һԴʳ˵£ͬʱԼ͹ľһһʮʵʵȻʹԴصѵ
Һ͹Ųԣ³ǵһʱҹѯô죬ԼûмʱӦĴò𰸾Լˣý˷ݵĿ˷ٳٵȲʳǻҺ͹ˡ
Ҫ׬ޱҵҲΪ¹ʲôΨһ˵ģǻҺ͹ûԼ˵Ļϡ
̷ݣȡҲ⣬ֻһ㣬Ϊʳ˾󲿷ֵû̵ˣ½˷ݵĴ̵˳ԲʳΥҿݵı⡣˵ǿǰҶµĹء
Ҳ˵׬ޱ˲𣿡
ޱؿϣޱҸĶ֪ж١
ޱ󣿡Ҳ֪ʲôɫȻúѿǴˡð죬Ҵϴ
¶ЦݣԺǰ࿼ǿǣξͲˡһΣҿǻǵޱŶ
˳û⣬ȫȥ󣬳Žһأ̴ӿռٻһģһֲ
λռȼߵļֲ֮һɫĻֻӤȭͷֱ֦ͦƬɫϸխҶԳƣһԽŻ䣬һԳڵײֲηǳФΡ
ҲأֻҪעĳľܹٿûɾ˵ģ˵¡ԽǿɲٿʱԽȻ㾫ǿֲ¾ӡǣպٲٿλͲõľٿþܶá
ռֲֽȥʱѾȫռİӡ˾ӡǡʱ΢һλչɣģϸĻ·ܣ֫廹ʲôнӲ
ķãԼģĻλطֱȡ⡢߲˱ʳģԼٸһѸٵشʳģвˣˮˢͣͬʱͬʳ
ΪкöżҪԣʹԼٶȡ
һ󵶹Ӱƽʱ˽һʱ󣬼̨ܿƮ˲ͬζ
֣ųȥЦŷԸʳɡ
óˢˢʢˣ𼸸ľ̷ɿ쳯¥ܡûһҲʼ˲ˡ
¥ƽϢȥԼľ
Ȳ˿ԼʳҪһҹֻʮû̵򣬲Ϊ˱˳Ҳʳÿ˹ʳﶼ涨
ĸ֣޹
ˣԼ룬Ҳѡʹ÷ݵϴʵãֻҪʮޱҾʹúܳʱ䡣
ܳͷôתطˡ
£ݵ»ճˡʱҲҪ̨Ū
ص䣬ֻѾˡ֪ʲô£ëëС̡ءֱӡֵΧİοСβ;һ鲼Сѧ͵ĶС̲ᡣ
Ŀ߹ȥСջ޵úСϾͰС̷ŻصϣЦһ߿ǹ档
С߹˼ߣСͷֱ漴һţԴһһοС档
û˯𣿡βͼ⣬Ǻϲ浰ôˣ
˻~СУƤֱܡ
СԴ˯˯ɡ䣬СߴСࡣ
ûסһЦԴȴǷɿߡ
ƽʱֻСС޵棬ȴһ춼ûһ£˯ࡣû⣬ôҪû˯ѣǶԹ޵ϷʧȥȤˡ
ʲôĶС߽ƣһûסԽԽԶŪСС԰ֹԼ̣˵̶һ档

ſڣﲻȥ
Ĵλˡ֮ǰΣһλڣλڼˣΣټλˣֻ˵õ¾ûлˡ
Ӵʲôʱİſսʿ
ΪԼ̾ѵҪչˣ˾ûţ̬ͦõҲصһˡ
̽ʣӴʲô𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵ӴҪλ˵ģλȥӴġ
ȥӵģƤһһɲõԤǡʱȥ˳ˡ
ҽɣҪ㡣˰˵꣬Թת·æϡ
һ·Դﶼ˵ĻΧľɫû˼һۡȻع·ͣ˽Ų
ᡰ顱ײ˱ϣæǸʹԼǿԼо
ţõÿʾȥԼ㷵ſڼ
Դ߽ȥֻˣһͷ׵ͷݿ̰壬ЦһòЩѩ鲼ۣϴһͲͬɫСʯӴɵʮˡ
մˡתֶͷ˵ԴӴˡ
աšһ£ʣ˵ҺüΣʲô𣿡
ṧ˵ǹѵһʳ¡
Ŷյ°ʳѾˣӴӦ˵ֱ꣬Ӹˣû£Ǿͳȥɡ
ɫһ䣬վԭûƬ̣ҧ˵ˣʵƼһġ
պذڰ֣ʲôܱȵùѾˣ㲻ٹܡ
ǴˣƼʳķǳóԡ˶٣ȥ˺ңҾʳʺ̵ģ
ճ˳ǣ۾ٿ
˵ģǸġ
ȥɡ
ˣҪſȥʳҾû˵һٻ
ȥ
ȵȡͻȻ˿ڣĿֱ᣺Ϊ˵Ǹʳҵĸʺǳԣ
ϣֻӲͷƤͷ
ĬĬһЦǺãҾȥ׿ڳ


44 
СſڣͿѾ˳Ķ顣Ǿ, Ϊʲôöﶼ롣
ѵ
ԼƤŵ, ȻһֲõԤС
˸ѯԵ, Ȼ͵̷֪ݵ¹涨һôͻȻ涨, ž֪˴ͷʳ, ѧ, ɷʳﲻ¡
˴ͷ̽ʱס, ǸͷǲǺͺһ飿
ô֪
˲֪, Աȴǡи֪ģԶ, Ǹͺˡ
һӳҧгͺʳġǸϴװͻȻðôͷԼ뷨˵ͺͺӦҪһԣȴжò˶֪ˡ
֪ʱķǱʳߣʱôȥԡ
ôһ³Ķ, ʱ˼ǰʮ˼
ǺƤɡ
С̵İְ׳齨һԶ, ǳԱ֮һݳҪСиչˣͬʱҲ縺˱񡪡ʳԳԡ
Сʱ, ЩڽСߡ
СԽԽ˯, , ֻڳԷʱǿǿۣҲǳųž˯ȥˡ˺ü壬ʵҲë룬ְľҲ
ô飬һʲô֪˱ɳרеֻܿԭװȷˡ
ľȾֹ죬رСߵϵֻλεġ桱ˡ
СƺǿҪеͼˡ
һ̣ȻôҪеͼѣľֱе쳣ķ˼
ǻãϾԴӿռϲ;ÿռЩ͵ȼֲŻСʳЩϱרŸҩţڼ򻯽ЧͶιС߳ԡ˵˸ԣ岻ʱľͻСǿ塣
ңС˵ˡͨ鿴䣬СҲһ¡
ȻľЩ
еͼѣԵú˯㣬ǻ̾Ѹ˳ȴ޷ʱǰǰζŴ˵֪ζС˽
Ŀǰ϶ҪѡţֻеȵԹʳǵͼҲôǰʱ˵ʵʱ
ָСߵţڴزС߱౦᳤ʲô
ľ㱵뿪ûһˡ
ӹ˯ŵС̣СߵСϣֻ˯ѭԴతһС߼ҪС̻ʶСצһצӰסСβצצϲ᲻سһ£סСƤϵëβͣż˯
žе㲻ĽСˡˣǵ˯ٳԷɡ
иְ̣ѴȫװʳϴסڣޱңæҵӺֲֵߵˡ
ʱ֣鶨ˣǳ˵⡣
ˣһҲɫε˵ղȴ˵˵ʳĸʺǳԡԲ𣬸鷳ˡǳֲŪø㡣׳Ҳʲôв˾
ԼԼʵΪԼĳջλֻĻ˳ҲʵôƶҪˡ
ѾԹûáİ컵£ôοǲǻ»һ
ῴ˿С̣Ҳû˼Էͻؼˡ
ᣬĥҪЩʲôʳеλĴԡ

Ͼ͸ǽ緹ݲῪһϰԵɨûһȴʱе㲻ϰߡ
ҡǷ˼١֪£ľСҲûһ䷹ѵõİ
緹˼򵥵߲˱ˮ޵С̡໡ԵûڣС뵽УСסԼֻ㿴һۣСһһιġֻ̳˯ȥͽͶιߡ
峤ʶˡ
ղײգ粻ţӴˣȥһˣѴ߹ɡ

λϲЩʲôҲֻ֪һȷλϲ㡣
ر𰮳㣿
ǾͶˡ
򵥴ֱͶ˲ס
ռСŽȥ㣬󣬳ô˵ζʻϸۡΪ˽ʡʱ䣬˯ǰʹӺ˲Ͱǿռ㣬ɾעܣһֿԵҩһҩζȫӰĿڸС
ɾ㣬ùǵǴƬ˳̵ķѴƬеȫָ۵Ƭ
ùһƬ⣬ˢˢ¾бг׵Ƭһ˶ʮװ裬ƬõƬΡ˿ץơ
Ϊʳȫ㣬ҪĻڵġȻҪüͦ򵥣˵ûʲôѶȣĵĵࡣ
ƬʼƣְʣµİƬƬһЩбгɼƬһЩֱгɶΣһЩõ࣬һЩţֱװ
Ͻ˿лĩԼеϸĩơ
ĩˮΣųִ򷢵Ĺ޵塣һε뵰壬һˮϡȣ˳һ˾һ㹾ͣȾȷһ߲ˡ
ʱƵİƬˡûеۣƬϾһۣȵȶãͷƬȥըеƬܿȾϽɫƬ̵ü°Ƥ£˲ɺֻһЩŽĩĩ㣬֭󼸷ӣֱ֭ҺøŨ
֭ĹùЩеüƬ
Ө׵ǽڷʮָ£һƬƬɿһõ廨õ㻨ϸϸľǩ̶ڷڴĥù⻬ĴľϸϸһۣһڹˣطŽȥըƬ̺㻨Ӷ̳з΢΢Ļƣһһ侫
ʱ俨ã㻨ը֭꣬ҲŨըýƵƬһԶ֭£Ƭ̣ʢһԵϸҶƬˡ
Ű֭Ĺȥǡκһ֭ҺȽ֭ĳ׾Ͱѽ֭Ҩһһܵըõ㻨ϡ
΢΢Ƶ㻨̷·Ϳʺ֬һʱɺɫõ壬ʢǳɫľżҶ׺ۿθ续õ㻨ͿԳˡ
˳λҪƣùʣµƬʼ
ξͱȽϿ鵶ˡȻһ˶ԣԼĻ˲֪ٴΡ
ϣÿһȥ׼þ͸˳Ƶġб£ǰ²жϣֻڵ嵶ϵƬŵϣĵʣµ編ơкã͹۷ըը̳һͳſľջˡ
ջѡһָζĹӵ֭΢ŵΡ֭ͰǰȣŹ󿪣ըõ֭Һջܳˡ
Ƭõ㻨;ջ㶼ڣ波ƷͬƬƫᣬõ㻨ƫ𣬾ջ˹ӵ㡣ͬζȴвͬķζ
ٵӣƺˣڼˢͣοʼ塣
һ߼Σһ衣
һԲӴ𽥱ȵˮУСţʱʱƲһƲĭȵ踡ҲҪˡ
ֽֿ̽ſӷɿõΡϸ߲ҶŵΣμιͣһţֵۣнϾ
ţۣ뵽ÿһ϶ҧһڣͷֱð


45 
ղбȵ粿ᲿҲôεؿӣܻܲȥˣ
üõ˵Ҫ׿ڳһҪ
ʳָһԼĴ, ˵Ҫˡ
ȡ˵
ǡľȻͣ, Ŵ, ݳսʿ˵ˡ
ҡͷЦ, ſ, ǾͽȥһͻȻס, һ, ۱Ǽ΢ڿȥ, ʲôζЩ㣬ָǰŵζһ
Ҳŵˡһ˿, һ·üͷ΢չЩ
ӭλĵһɫ鲼ĳ³㣬Զ̵³ĵһ˫ֱ޳ķɫƴ󲿷ôڣܰסźɫ·վ£˺һᷢÿտ۾ֱ
Ϊղ죬󰮺á㣬Ư·, ˡ
ΪʲôղֵΪϣλߵİ˾ҪΡ
̷Ǹʳռߵǰ, ´ð죬ԹԻش㳤ôÿ϶ˡ
лл
ֿ䣺·ÿһ鲼·ϴһģһû´, ӦǸѧİɡ·, ׬ޱҶ԰ɣ
ͷû
պЦ˵Ҿ֪Լû´
εЦ, æתƻ⣺ӴҲˡ
ӺһҸջ˵俪һҷǳܻӭʳ꣬û뵽㿪ġ뵽ǵڶûĺζΪѧô˽Լֳ飬ȴôǸζΪ󣬻ǵһζ̫ûйĴܸУӽֻϡ
Ҳû뵽˵ӣ̷Ĵ롣ȻͷһŽ̵̶̵ദȴ֪̰£ʵͦģһ˱ԼǿͻǺ޵ˡ
ãʳճð԰ɡ
һһֱ˼ؿӣ⻰ջ˼Ȳʣ𣿡
ǵġӭǴսʿ
ľϣÿװţðζӯһռ䣬Եպӵıǿ˲ԼͬصԴסʿˮʱ¹ĺᡣ
պ£ǿװϵʳ˵Ķļ򵥲ͱ첻ʾ˿Կˡ
յһ֡еģһϿõ㻨
һ滨Ҷ᲻ҧ۵Ļˡ˵һڽ㻨ҧһ룬дޣۻšڸвǲе㡣ֵĴȻôó𣿡
ӽŶ֣һ۵šűһȫ׽£ڽͺؾͲˡ
ӣ
ۣüͷչȴܿƵ𡣶ͷǼϸϸĺˮð˳һԺڵúںں졣˿ǣȻȴǲŴӻ˼ȦƵģ̵ıǿʹ
ӶðŲӵԽԽϸƺڷ̣̣ܲס৵ۣſʹ
ˮˮۿʪؽУŵﻹ˼ӡ
ôˣսһƬ̧µƬִн֭ζϾþòɢڵˣֻʣûüԡ˿̼ﾹȻð˻ӣ˲;ˡ·ڿһӰһ˼˵ԵǸôó𣿺óԵԼƲסˣ
ǵģӾѵǻ
ΪΪʳʧأȴ֪Ӵ˿п˵Ǵ͵ٵӶһҪĲԼʲô
Ϊʲôͻȵۣ
ǲ˶
һһˮһ߹һ߻
˵ԵǸ˺ܶЩ̫ܣԶͲôˡ෴㻹Ϊ
ˣ
ò׻ˣɤ˻Ƶ˵ʲôûã֮Ǽᶨܾٳš
ȴеˣһӡʿĿ̽¡˻ſ˿ӣЦ˵˸˼漴ͲӲͣһ
ԽԵûԽԼ
Ϊ⣬ٴսšŰƵĽţͣЪعˮŰŰţƷһЩ
һ꣬պӶʮ⡣
տһۣʳ˵ʲôֲ֪ô˵
ӵǺֱӣֱԣʳܺóԣʹǼ䣬ҲûĸʳбóԵġʳеǳҲʺϡ˳ԵĻͲ̫ˡ
ӵ˼ɴض˵ģѵרŸ̵ġ㣬Ժǵĳʳͽ㸺ˡģȥ
ѵֺü֣ÿֶרŵѾܱεǺð鷳Щܵͼѵ̡ڼиĸչˣѵʦǴ󲿷ʱҲǰ˳
̣ȻϣһжáĶУǳϷǳ鷳˱ζעʳ̺ǻЩǳԵζõʳܾʹܳ㡣ζ˼ҳֲԸ⡣ʱʱ͵óЩ»ǲŲԸһֱظĳЩʳ
֮һһûܴõġҪҲȥӡôӶˣǿվͰ½ˡ
Ҳͦ£׬ޱңεĺôǲ١Ĳ˵ֻѵǲ촴һ㣬㹻ˡ
¾ôöת˵һ
żҪˣżҪʳһ
ż᣿
ÿżᶼǲסǿ˵ҪᣬϵǲܲܳΪĶǼ䡣֣˵ºҪԸԸ
룬Ӧˡ
ʳˣеСŵġ
ǰ˽ĸ˵ǸпӵģǺÿĳȹӦҲɣ
Цá
ÿĳȹȹҲҴ
ˣҺ͹ѹӶ˵˵һΡ֮ǰҪ͵˻û룬ξ͸ѣпռΪȡܾûʲô̫ϣһֲҪǮкܺãûоûУͷʱ鷳һ㡣
ǵģΪ˴֪ȣҲΪԺһвȥѵҪӷѵͷ֣һ֧ӳ
齻ȥۿʱ䲻磬ͣľͳϡ
ҵһʱκ˾ĵطͣľͰѴߴӿռŲ˳
ҪŲŵģȻŲŵĶһڿռ⣬Լطת壬顱ϡ
ƺ̫ԣһԱֱ۾͵ĲϡȣҲͬʱȸѹס

첲ȣ
͵ƣˡ
һɨ˲䱬졣
㡢ġ


46 
űĲ, ˽
ͨӵ, Էظ, ܵ, ԼǺгҪƵ
ΣΡ
ǵ, ΨҪһ㡪ʱѣʱܱˡ
Ҳǣζָ, λԶ
ζ, ᶯһǺ
ֻǣɲСһ㣬Ҫˡ
Ҫſڽһ, ϵ˾ȿ˵ˡ
˭ѹϵĴߴսţͷŵŵ, ɤžδڵɳʣոһطȴȻ𣿡
һ, ѡߵĻһ, Ҫ꣬ռҪ¶ˡһ仰, Ȼ׶ԷԲЩʲô, ˼, ſռʱסˡ
ܰ
һ£߾ӳڶը˵˭ץҵģ
ţץ
˼һת˲˼
߸òΪԼɣ
ɴˣ
ûУ
ԲţΪʲôһ𣿻֡Լӣ
æ򵥵ԷɿһǰȻȫ޴Ŀ˴ߵı̡
ǰ£ǽģһš
ͷ
˵дԸ̣ˣҸһϳ壿˻Եڲűѣһҷ·𿴵񡱵λñ顣
ٵͷ
ĬĬȻһʼ侲
е㲻
߹һĨ˷ЦĴ΢΢ſɫͫЦЦضԼϣֱҪʲô춯صĴг
Ϣ
ݣƵܸоȷʵ˵ġǣһûиκһ˯ôĳ̣һһ٣㡢ڡ˵ѡ

һ˲뵽ʮֲ²⣬û뵽Է˵Լһޡ
ʮĴޣеϡȱƷ
ü㲻ţ
ܸ֪û˵ѣҪ̾˵ǣҲѰ쵽
ߺһ£Ȼץסһ
ӱѹɱȵơ
ò׻һɫʽ졣
Ȼиĵ
߾ȻָָԼǸطʾϸ

Ǹû
ӲͷƤһ۷ɿջأȷʵиö̺ð׵Ĵ̡
˵Ҹ˯ˣ̾ͻԶʧ
ؿ
ʲô
ԣ㻹ʵΪʲô֪·ߡ˵Уʲô취ŪңһԸҽ
ȵȣ
ޱ˵Ҹм꣬һ˳£˵㲻֪
мѣĿˡļ粿еļ߼սʿ֮һôܲмѽ뵽ʲô۾͵󣬡ꣿʡ
Ȼװɵ粿˶֪£Ȼֵػش𣺡ʮһмˡ
ʮĴߣȷǼȱˡ
ǣٴηѾ˰졣
Ŀǰʵָֻмսʿĳ̶ȣⲻļ¾ͷԼѾ߼ѹʵм͸߼֮൱Եģûлָģڸ߼սʿļܡ
֮ôȷ˵Ļĺ󣬴߾ͷſ
ʱɺƽЭ顣
׺Ͻ¡Ϊ߼õղ丽ѰһҩݵǷղĹУĵȥеĵط˿
һͱڣҪҵҩݾͳ±ڵķ϶䡣
΢󳤳ֻ޴ĺڽɫŽʸеۣ·һʵʵϸУƿµ״磬΢΢ȶţһȵĴߣ±ĳһ
˻ӡһ߿Ƭ̺ߺܿɻص棬һһɹ㣬ڽ
įصͷӰɪ
вɵҩݵĵطѾûҩݣΪҩµıǣͱʱʴģ塣ץŵģ±ںѳϵ٣ʱҲƱʱⸯֻʣ㼸һͶϡ
ʧȥһμˡ
̾ץһ٣±һߴͷϡ
꣬еˡ
ϱһֱıߣʱĵһһʧֲܵɵĻʧܵģȴҲĸ㵽ĵһֲ
ıһŪģǷıҲǳϲںżìܣ԰顣
һͰѴߵ޺ˡ
ͷϵĻһͷˮôȻԼִ˲ϲĶȻתͻȻѾֻȻˡ
ں¡
ԸԼѵеϲԼ
ֻǡ
߶ⷢ죬һصǸû֮ǰû취㵱¿
Ҳû㵱¡
ţ֪ˡתѻС´Լͷϣȴ룬Ͷˣϲ
˻طղ䣬Դ߱κʵòټİһݣǼޱҶûҪ˾ͱŽȥˡ
СߺССˡ뿪ڼ䣬̶ֻһֱ˯ûѡ
ҵ̣ߺ涢ŵСʣֻȷʵ̣һֻأҲĳԸģ
æСǱչ˵ġ
ߡŶһ˵ˡ
󿴵̻ʲôΣûġԽǿ己ܾԽѣпܣҲһϣͲˡҲֻġ
ѵ˵ģ
ֻߣʵ͵ģȲ˵û͵̳ҪʲôгҪԼֻߣִֵ˿ȣΪ֤˵滰ôϣԼİ
ɻؿŴ⣬Ӷ쵽ӣȻ顱һ£ˡ

ô£
һ壬ôչֻо쳣һ˳һһš
һʱֲͰᵽڴϣ׼ȿ˵ûһľͰ
ģʼ׼Ҫʳ
½½м뱻Ӷͨԣֻһ
ûֱڴϾͳ硣
ֻԣë׵ļһš
ҹʱ֣ھŵķĪιȥĴߺȻ˫ۡɫͫҹзǳ⣬ȻϸȥȴûаɣƤҲƺûգ
·۾˯


47 
˹ԼһֵΡ
ֵеΡ
˵Լ
еֲԼʱ, ǳʱڡ˵̰, ƫƫѾڽɫƬ, ʱڲеĶëë˹⡣˵ǳ, ý֫צӺ;޴ĳѹû, ͺͺĲ, ˡ
ˣ
, žԲ塣
˹Լο˰죬Ȼ򡪡
Ǿ޴󻯵̲ŶԣӴͶ, Լʱλǿ
ôһ룬˹ٿԼǹģξ൱ˡ
, ֵĻл
ƺԼռݵĵ, һƬӣһɵĸʬζľ̫ߣֻһóϸϸ֦֦Ĵ׳գ֦, ˹ɻû
ܴܺÿ, 
˹Ჶ׽Ұ޵ʳʳ⻨, ʳѪҺֲ, ǰĴһܲҰ޵Ҳáȴûô, Ϊ֦һȥȻ˼ʮֻҰޣ
һ¾ͰﶼŪֻŪԼҪԵ, ʣµľôסڰеš
һ㼧˹̫
סҲ, ִŲ˸еϢЩ˻ǳ󣬹Ǳĥģ˹֮ҲһܿġҪôɫ׵ˣҪôһѪͳ͹ѪһƬ˹мֵ˶ƿ󶴣೦Ӷ˳
̸ǵѪ⣬ԼԴһʯͷ
ΪʲôЩԴ᳤ʯͷǼ˹ĵط
һܴ
ǿôԼռõķϡͬʱʱʱǿôҰ޻ιԼʵ
˼ҹѧ˺ʹһ־ʯͷͬʱʯͷĺôʼʱʱ̶̿ŰѴʯͷҲ
ôʯͷܸɵͼ˰ɣ
ûǿ󵽳мսʿɾǱ䲻
ȻΪȱɣ
˹ֻܰסȣҹҹͣڼ䣬һǳǳĵ¡
ĵ̴˼ֻú޵Ұ
ΪһʯͷܺãҲʱǣֻǸϳӡ˭֪ǼֻҰ޾ȻϽȻʳ
Ұ޸ǿʳ
ֻ׷²Żụʳ
Ұǿ£
˹==
ֱһβͳǡ
˺óʱ䣬ôɱǿôĻᡣ
˵㡣
Ȼ󡭡
Ȼʲô
ǽҪʱΪʲôͻȻûˣ

·۾˯ļ˹նޱüͷȴȻԽԽΣƺҪųȥվ˫һֱˤ˵ϡ
ȴƺоһʹ
ſڵʶŤҪȥӲȫûΪʱǡһ죬Ťˡ
ֻ
Ȼվָûѧ·Ƶģһһˤһˤٲ֪ʹĿŲſڡ
ʶƿš
أϢ˽ȥ
žǴ˹ûüײʲôϣŴϵˡ
˵ζ˹ŵüͷȻһչǹɳüķҲûӰƽƤ׹˳ȣһһºϡ
壬֫ʶסǰӰԴֱڶԷ˯˹ȥ

̫ۣ˯ΪԼﲼһԤСֶΣҲ˯÷ǳġ
Ҫģղ䣬˵ǼΰⶼǺܲġ
˴߻Եʣѵεϱӵ¡εΪ˾ɥʬͷûµıߡ
Ψһܷ½ĵĺѡ
ֱ񣬶޷ͻΡ
Ƶѹϵɫ屻צסɢ
ȻǰѾ֪޾ޣɿر˻˹
óȳŰס˺޶
˶٣󣬶ҲƶԷðΣۡ
ͷá˹롢м䣬ĻͻȻϡ
ôҷòܶʡѲɴ֢
ķ˹˶첲ȴеֱֹۣȶʲô
һһתȥ

˹죬˵ʲʲôʱһģ
ûصһۡ
˭㻳ˣԼҵķ䣬ֱһʾ⡣
Ҳ㴳ҵķ䰡ҿŲ࣬Ϊʲôȷߴˣ
Ц˵ұ̴ֻķ䣿
˹Ҳʼˣ۽޶һʱ˵ͻȻ۾һһ
ϸҹôطģҺ񲻼ǵˡ
˹ʧ
ε˵˰Ұ̧طġ
˹ţ̧ҵģ
ͷ
˹ĬĬĬĬԼѸٷſӴ
΢΢
ԭιȥ˰Լ̧˷
ţ̧һ
ôΪͨһеļ˹ŻĲ˳ȥ
ЦؿϲõıӰҡҡͷ
ˣԷҵ״̬û׼˯ʱѹˡ

׼ҪʳŶͽСͶιι겻С߽˯͸Ͻż˹ǰΪ߰·赹ûɵʽɡ
˵ְһָ͸Ͻˡ
˻˻~Сǿž˹תת
˹˵̣۽ƳЦĲ֪ô˲Ҳ˻ӡ»ظСߡ
̰̾ɣһ°ɡ
Сְ֣ȥҲιˣֱŴ߲ͣС
ݸ߲ӣЦ˵緹ιɡ
˹һˣǾһ°ɡ
һθͶιĻһ㶼һԿĵؽ̣߲Լò׵ȵС߳Աٴ˯ţŷĳһ㺹
ߣ϶̣̲Ų
ݵ°źãۿʱ࣬ʹҴѵߡ
һԸտ̣ҪԻǸֵĴߡ
аɡ͵²ˡ
ֵЦ
ҪţԼ˻ҪӲ˵

ǻһٷ緹ĻǻᾡҲһٵġѵڼԣֻзѵԣֻҪзͺá
һθѵʳͶιֹǣʳǷϸǵļҳ
˰ְ⣬ŻԼ̳ʳʹԸ⣬˼ҳ⣬Ҳһֱڵơ


48 
ΪԷ֪ͨʲôҪ׼, ֱֿտյǰѵĸƨ޵ѵ, Ѿ˺ܾá
İ£ʣÿÿ˵һٳٲİ, ôǸԣ
Цŵͷ
ᡰŶһ, ʵظ̾ôÿһҲ̫˷˵㡣˵꣬תźش·
ʳѵĹ, Ϊ, ֱѵͬεСʹá
δͼѹǵĳԷһ㡣ÿһֻа費̫ͬǵʳ÷ŶС̵ͯȤ, ӵɢɢطţ޹ɿԡһЩͷ͵̵ԴֲڵҰģɢϣЩ涼ϸСӡÿ֮ľ붼ȽϿ˲ͨ
ÿʳöһĴ󷿼ĵط
Էʱ䣬ʳտյߵ, ȿһȦ
ǶʮԼʳıµ, òɵ˿ⱻ͵ѧȥ
ѹ, ջв˰֮С¾ȫܽûд, һûа֡Һ͹Ҫտ, Ҿ˴ֻﵹæҪ, лλ, ַӾŪöԼķ֡
ȥŵҡָָĵӡ
˹ڵһԭز˵Ҹæ
Цŵˣһ˾Ϳԡռлλ
˹ţһô̵ʳ粿ѵֲûȥĸʳôһŰ֡
ĲҪ
˹дǨ͵˵ҿ԰⣬вˣ
ȥֻ˷ʱ䣬ͷӰΣеִִܡ
ôæͰɡʱȰ˵ûãʵŻˡ
ΪȰ˴ߣҲְ⣬˼Ҫôк󣬾վһ߿߶
еûУǱҪôˡ
ⲻҪжϣŲŪ
˹һͷ̣ûüɿͱһʲô󼸵Ҽġǣ㲻һеԹ㲻ֻǺöģʲôʱƬˣ
ҪҪܶϡ
ˣжϾжϰɣ˰ǾɻҲС
˹⣿ԭܱɻ
üŹ׸˹
˹ôǻҰҲܱ仨
Ұˣڳɻ
˹
Ứ
ЦοҲŲæģϾûѧ
˹һðοǻȥҡ
Ӧȥš
˹ǸеˣʲôҲû˵һۣͱӰ뿪˳
ˣ㷽ͰѿռĻλٳû
֮ǰЩΪô֪ѶˣѵǰʵûҪЩʲôʳǳԣ׼ط˿ʲôʳٶ鿴һֱҪ⡣
ǹȻǱ
ƸʳõĳҰжʮ֣߰²ʲôҰϡĺİ׵ķ۵ġʮҰӶڿһšװչްϣҰˡ
Ұǰ͹Ψһһʳġ
Ļ˼ܼ򵥣ΪòҰ˵ܶԵҰˣѵ׼Ұ˵û¾ͿžռҰˡЩҰǳԲҽеֵģЩҰֻԹһΣȷûжġ
ߵζܺóԿѳԣҪ߸ʮǳԵģϾѾζǶʳΨһҪ󡣵ǻܰѳԵʳúóԾˡҲһϲЩֵֹζأ
ܸлûѲóԵҰ˴ߡֻҪҶӵͳһΪҰˣ淭˰˽ǡȻ
˰˽ǡȻֽ˿ռ
ҰˣȥװҰĿӡҳһֻƤζƻĹӣһָɳһζȴͬɫСӡ
ЩȻǺԥֽ˿ռ
ʳģԴҲɿ춨Ҫʳ
϶Ǳزٵģڵ̫٣⡢ǴŹǣԼ÷⡣
ز˾߲˱˿úƻζĻƹ˿ƻ
㣬Էˣ̾Ụ̄ȹ֭͸ե֭
Ҫʲôʳˣʼ֡
ĲǿǽʳģһŹ嵶ȣʳĵġмյŴʮ
Ҫǻλһٻͬʱ֣
һ˼֡Ҳ㹻ˡ
ٿŷ֡һʳġ⣬ǻл磬Ȼ磬һߵķһߡ˵ȣҶŽܲһ顣һſűϸ˿޵ȣƻгꡣ
ʳģʱ䣬˼ӣϹͼ塣
ͬʱ
ﵹˮһԶкõŹǿŽȥ󡣼ˢһͣͱƵûȣͼκȻ÷Ƭȥ塣
ָһָ÷ƬеñУץζһŵϣͺ͵죬˲䱬һζٵһɫ͸Ͻһ棬һ÷Ƭͱɫƣ
ʱҲòˣͷǳɫŷֱȥŹǣϷϽɫ£ηǣ֭ζ֭ɫȻˮ֭
ʱ䣬ϵڶˢץ߲ţһһѹѹɰƴԲԲ״ȥ塣ͬʱټܹˮץٿط֡衣
ӺŹ֭æʢϸĴлǴŹǾˡ
֡ڳ֣ͳ˿˿ƻ
״Ĺմ˵¹ըըƤӲˣ̳͡΢Щͣǽ谾ɫɫ΢ճ˿ˣٵըõĹ鷭ϸ˿΢΢ڹϣɿʢ
һ˿Ҳˣ֭ƬҲ˴衣
ԼԼߴߴĳ¶һĨЦļ߲˱Žת߳
ԶԶغһʳ𣿡
ЦˣԿˡһۣ˼ҳǻû
ۣô𣿡ǰ˿ɶҪȺðġΪʱʳ磬ó٣ҪһȡʱֻǾ͵õһȡ
һֻཱུСббɹСߴߴһͨС
ȴֻСڴߴϷ
߹סڵС񣬸˵˵Ҹʳó
ſһų˲һȥʳȫ˳
ʲô㣡ᶯӣΪǼʳû뵽㻹óԵĳ
ᣬ𣿡
ûȥ̷ݵʣЩܻӭ̷ʳҿһҪúó
Ǹеǡ
һٶֱֻ̽ԿۣЩ̹˲ģ룬ѸŶӣظʢʳ
ҪҪŪЩ̺͹֭
˵㹻Ǿͺϲȡ
ֿһȷûˣ׼Ŵ߻ؼҡ
С߻ڼ˯ţÿȥ
ڶûҹΪĶʧ䣬һɨȴִһŵϣǽ˯ˡ
߹ȥ۾ߴǷվߡ
صС߻ûѣ÷ι꣬ôԼԡ
˹šһͣʳֱſСԱߴ
Ժе˵ĿģеССĵ⡣
ʳôóԵİ¹
ʱмͨ˳֣ԹһĴˡ΢Щºϸ£ֽڿ졣ҲǸαмѵˣٶȡȲ˾ٶսʿֻ͸˵Ļȴ㹻ˡ
ϵڶӶڣһʼҪе˾ˡ
ӳԱĻŵҲûС
Ӷ˵£ص䣬Ĵ˯س
𣿡ĵʣЩֳʲôë
˹Ŷ˵û˯ãϸҹһֱΡ
Σ˵Ȥ˼ŴǲεԼ˵ļ䡣
˹ΣһǳǳõΡ
۲飬εĶʧļ䣬ѵһǸݵģСߵôˣ
˼ЩҪôοźãȻܲõ˵εұˡ
̣ɫôѿѵ߻ֻСʱ˸ܲõͯ
̡ƺܲ˵
Ҫе£;ԲӱѹǺµ¡º͵ͼ˵
ܸ𣿡εʡ
һۣ˵
ģĺ֪¡
߱һ죬ˡ
һ㶼˵ǸΡ
ϲԺ
һٳٲӦͼװʧվҪȥ
һæȱߣ˵
װϲģ˻
һû취ı鲻˼˵ʵҲûʲôε̵ռƬӵ̣
⣿š
ҧЩ
ģ
ģ
ʲôҰ޿ʳ󵱰£ʲôԴͳʯͷʲôʯͷȻǾʵ
̫̫ʵ
Ұ޺ɱôʹûͳʯͷ
˵
ô˵Ҫ˵
ûʳһڵĴȻ֪Լʵʶʮ֪꣬ܺӾԽǿֻԽѡȻԸ˵ҪʲôСܰɡ
磬ִŸƨ޴ȥ˷ݹȥѯһⷿ£Ȼ֪ܵķݶȥˣֻЩʧشظ
ʧֵòԣȴز˳
һȡ˹˵һ䣬Ȼת߽Աߵĵ
һĵ̣˹һȥӭѯ
ҪҪʲôҰ޵ģкѵõĹ⡣
ҲҪ⡣˹ɫ˵ҪϹŵ١
˷·˻˵Ҫʲô
˹һһǿ١
Ĵ󵶣׺ݵصµģ𣿡
˹˵ҪֱӸ˦ޱҡһʲôûС
ںˡ
˹ḷ̌߳վǰ̯֣һޱҡ
ޱҡ
˹װһص̽һֱǰʲôҲû˵ץϵپ뿪ˡ
ˣٲֵޱңҾҵܻһޱһռˡΪʲôǾǳˬأ
˹ٳѧַЩ׾ذŤһȦȻ˹ȥ
ӹԼһȦʲô˼
˹üùȦָ̧ͷϡ
ûлŵŤֻͣ
Ȼ;ЩȣԴϵЦллҺϲ
˹ЦҲ֪ۣû˯ͷЩΡ

һӪҵֶ˲٣ޱңһԵ̾˿
ⲻҪôݣ
һڷ˯ġ
һ淳ݵ£һ淳աҵĴ߸òٴ˰ɣ
Ҳ


49 
һ, ߹Ȼûֲ, ȥ緹׼һҪʳúʳﷵңǽд߳Է˾ȥһֱײһӲϡ
Ŷͷʹһ¡
æ˺ЩҵصǸ
ûû¡, ʲôʱİôûһŲ
ҲûãҾ뿴˾ûУ
ֵؿʲô˾ղļ˾
߱Ҫֵؿղ䣿һǼļ˾˵ļ˾
ƶʣ㶼ϳ, ôܽļ˾Ҵһֱһ, ԷҪʲô˾Ļһʱͻ֪
ʲôʱϳˣĪ, ҲǸ˵һֱ, ԴۣҩҺʦҲû, ԲҪҼ˾ſ˾ֻǼ, Ჿļ˾϶һ峤, ֻҼ˾, Ҳܰҿôǲļ䡣
֪ԼһЩ䣿ܾﲻԡ
ߵͷⲻ˵𣿡˶, Ŷⲹ䣬㻹˵ǽᡢˡ
֪Լȱǵøȴǵñϳ, Сߵأ
ǵԼ𣿡
ʲôʱˣ
ðɡСߵ¿Ҳˡ
Һûȫ⡣תʳȥιֻ, ׼һּ̽̽Щ컹Լ˸, һͳ, ˱ġ䣬һٸһ¡Ȼ߽֪ġ
˵ɡ˵С̵Դ
~СϲľǳԷʱ̣ʳһǼͣԼѭζۣë׵СԴһһߴСźãĿˮѾմʪߵëëȲҪˣ
ЦţС;߷£С̷ŵԼԣȻֽ鲼ƤļױȥСߡ
Сһﲻ˯˯Ҳ÷ǳʵΨһֵҵǣСôڣΧ˴õ˯˯Ź¡
˱ƤӣûҵСߡ߾Ͷ򱻴ŵĵطɨһ£ûס͡Ц˳
߿ƫþͰС߿ȼ䡣
ЦתͷɻؿһۣĿֿԶϣֻë׵СƨѩëɫвźɫĻС̡
˹ֻԵûڵС̼룬һ𾪵ʣ㷿ʲôʱˣǺһֱһɣʲôʱ͵͵̽ѵ˭
ⲻҵ̡ͣҰæչ˼졣
˹ŶֻС̳ԵҲеˣչȥųһ㡣ȻϸһʳôԾûԵġǣеί˲ӡ
˹üë£Ʋ֡
ҪΪ峤ԣһʳȻûС
ʳƣʣǲǶˣ
˹ͷ
վ˵ȥĻܡ
ԭĳԵİ˹ǵ㲻׵⡣
Һȥˡ˵žҪվĳطȴȻʲôһ£ƺʲôӣ˳ĶƤɿؿھʹ΢΢⡣
ֹͿ峤̽·¡
ţ˹üʲô˵ž½һۡ
̣ۣ
˹ĬĬͷϵСߴ۵Сۡ
СԵɵ˦˦βͼ⣬ʶܡ
˹ϵģ쳣زͷʲôʱ̣¶ԵĲǲǼ˾ˣǨŭԲ¶棿Ϣȥ˵аˡЩΪ˱ϿҸ£Ȼ̶͹Ϊ˿ɰ̾ͻȲҸ̫ˡ
˹ָС߰ԼȡԼ֪ĺ˵ϣǲŶҡҵ⡣
ʲô⣿ҡͷЦЦȥʳҲ
ʵ̡һ仰˵꣬˹ֱӰѸʳ˳
æټظϰһٴļ䡣
˼㱣ұϳˣһ̣
ǿשʱҪʱᣬġġ
һ񣬼˹ǿʾţҪ֤С
ǰҪʱ䣬߿Ժܿ졣
ڵϣڵǿĿ˿
װûʾ͵Ĵ֪Ϊʲô̻ȴ̣Լ֪𰸡
ߣ㿴ҵĴ̣
ͷ
ͷð̣ʲôʱ֪͵
Ȼ͵Լ
֪ʲôʰ;ߣȷһ⣺ڶꣿ
߹ԹԻش𣺡ʮ
ǳЦôСǸ߼սʿˣ
˹ƵԴͻĿ佱ӲɨһСд⣬ֵĻȣʵʮɸ߼ˡ
ʵظ
˹ȭŴƫԴֱŹϣŶתͷŽյţڰᡰšһ

ҪΧûпշһ磬ȻԴһΪʲôֱȦԼͷβһأ
Ҫ̾ͱ֣ʱէûޱֻѡⷿ񣬷ܺãޱҾһʱܿҲ̵ֻֿܹ⣬ΪѵĺҲǼӴ˲յĹϵвеûԹ˭˵׼
һ˵ҲӵĹϵദӣϵӦܲ
һ뵽ܸһԼķݣסˣô߰չֻ̣˳ܵ˷ݹ
ûշӴ̷ݵͣһ¶Ͳµ⡣
Ц˵Ҳʿշ£ûдƬĿң
أ˵ǲųݵĵ̫ˣϾС˻̫١ռЩأֱȥռͺˡֻҪعռٶСҲǿţѡú˵һҲýޱҡ
ϲʣģ
Цҿɴ˵ٻֻȷҪȥסЩյؿɶֺ̽Զĵطط𣿡
˵ֹסһҪѷŲȥǱ߿
ˡһ£˵ֻܿס֡
𣿡üܰ𣿡
ԥ԰ɡ
лֱѵϣȻ˴Ӧæòܰϣȫϣᣬܲܰæһɡ
ŵص£¶ȴһ㲻Ѹٵشʳģŵڸһģһʱ䣬ѵҪԵȫʳ
ƤִｿƮȻζ÷⣬ɫ󰵺콴֭ŨζǴŹǣ͹ĺ⣬׺߲˱
ʳûʲôᵽĳʱȴܵһٶֱֻĻӭ
ֽߴߴһţʦǽͷöȥǸȻסǳʳ˵Ӱ
СıȥһץסһֻС̣ƭȥëᱻûġ㿴ʳճ̵úأ
У֪ҪƬ߲˱Ҳü𣿡
ѽﻹУȥʢвУұ֤ʳ㹻Բ㲻Ե
ʳζһĥҪסҪ̻һ**ȥǵĶӡʦǴδһ̾Լֱ̫ۡ
òװסǹԹԵȷԣſʱ߽˼ʮ
ףôˣϽӭȥСѯʣǶԸǳԵʳʲô𣿡
⻰֪Щ˵ˣǵİְ顣˽һļҳѵǶԼʳ㲻
̷ݵ𣿡ͬʱӿһͨͿ䣬ʳ̫óҵ̳ʳؼҶԲķˡ
м˹
ЩʳΪʲôڷҲ
ǿ̫ˡܰЩ÷һǾ̫ˣҲԸһʳﰡ
˶󷹹ҲЩʳֱԼӣ˵ʦǵĻ
ιιͲˡ
ʦЩʳǸͲ𣿣
ȻĿŵƭԼ̡
ոհְֲСŪˡɲܳԲɾʳְֵǲ£Ͱ˰ɡ
ţ㳢̡̲
лС̵ؿ˰ְ־ѹ壺ˣְȥʢһ㡣˵ȥװʳֹ߱Ҳͳһֲ
׼϶ѯܲܰæԼһ档
˵죬ֱȥסսʿȥʾС㣬Ȼսʿ֪ͨ㡣
ԭô
Ϊڸѵʱ˳ְԼ˵ķҲˡÿռװ˷ڿռؼʱҸû˵ĵطóϡ
һտֻ˯̣һŴӳʳԡ
ԵúͶ룬ҲͶ롣
ȥʳʱǶԽлҺ͹˰ԼһСĴ˸¡
ڻҲ׬ޱң̣ڴܸҰһƵľղ䡣
˲䣬Ϊȥֿʼʳݡ
ʱ峤һֱġ
ʵϲԼ˻Ա
ܺɻôЩˣûа˵¶˵ٻʵԼûˣǲżûãҲɵġ
أ
һһֱˣιʳչֻ̡ѹԼĿ˶ΪԼ̡
ͼʲô
ϲԼİ£˹벻ڶ
ϲҡ˹૵
ǡöʳ⼸˸š
˭ϲ㣿ʡ˵峤¶˼棬׷
˹һסԼ顱ҵؿڣû˵ζһۡ
ԼˣǵĽ£ûϵҪҲϲǸ˾͸һ뵽취ġ
˹ؿøˡ
ȻϲԼɣʲôҪýҲû취Ҫ˵ɵȻðİ¾ôŰ
϶ϲˡ
˹ȣǿųԱĶӣְ˽ʳʹȥ
ʱûӦԷϲԼ£ʳĻͲҪʧ˰ɡ

ǸҪôҪĸϽõˡֻڴԴԹиտҵ˿յס
Ҫˣ鷳ȥһʡսʿͷ
Ǹͷֺ͸ʲôģһ̷ݵ䵭ɫ˲顣
ͽȥʣģһ˵ֲ˼˵и㣬Ѿþûݵʮˣܸһ𣿡һָһΣҾҪһΣ
Цصͷ
ͷȥš
ܼʱѵȴ˼ҳԼš


50 
ͷæ, ῴɫû뵽ʱô֪عȥˡٵ, Ҵ׼ȥ׳ļ
ѵҲǻǷżٵ, ÿϢһ졣ͻһȥ׳ļɨ·, ˳չСһ졣, Сǲչ, ֻҪȥ￴СһͺáΪ׳ûлָǰһ׽, Ͱȫʹ׳ķϣر֤׳, Ȼ뿪ʱûʲô
Ҫ׳֪, аºû¼Ǻܲһġ
һѵ, һ߲ؾ֮ǰȥݿСʱ¡
˵Ͷͺǳ̾˿
ǰС岻, ܳԵöͺ٣ÿҵʺС̳Եʳ׳, СҲ׽ȻԴķݺճʳһӱˡ
ĸʳʳܱȵù̷ݵʳ
ȵù̷ܱݵʳʺС̳
Ǿ̷ݵʳС̳ԣ׳ڵʱԼԷ׳Сֱ̾иչ, ѹûʩչذ
ʳﲻǾߣ
ǵ߻ǴĥԲʯͷ, ľͷֲڿƳҰģӻͷ֮С, ٻһЩݰĳֹЩ
ҵӵĻɣ
ʳϱȲ, ɱߵĻ, Ͳһֻһ̵ˣܱȵùҪһٶֻ̣ҾദĴˣ
һȥݿС̾һֻľͷ̵С
ȥ˷һóС̿һ۾ȱȱƲԴתë׵Сƨɣͷӵ£ͷϳһֻޣһֻС̻ҪһЩСޣཿе־óúܿɰڶСۺС죬鲼ģ治֪ʲôĹ죬һЩ
ỹǵһμٿԼС񣬺ӡ
ڶȥС̣һ鲼ġʯͷе⻹ôԲҲŤŤû¶ĲԭĳҰ޵ģǺѣôŪֿɰģ
֪ͻᣬQС׼
ܷʯͷҲ
óʯͷС̿һۣתͷСȹһ֪ʲôƤƤĽ򡱵Ķ
߿Ȥ
һ¾ͱϸߣ
ῴССȽǿ򣬰ߵһľǰһߣ͡
ľײһ£ֵ˻顱ײСϣ˦˦ͷȥ
˵Ϊýߵġ򲻽棬Ҳ档
ⶫῴʵеģܻɳ˸ͲϲʱصЦһ£Ļ˲Ͷҡˡ
ٺÿȥݿС̶ܼµߡһûһ̲ס֮飬һ־ǲԼ·
ٺʲôҲˡ
ֻС档
Ū˸ʲôӵϷÿζҪСһȺ
˽˼ʮΣο϶ֳܷ
ڴţȻһߵѵſڣͱ̵˼ҳסˡ
˱̾ͺᣡ쿴Ҽ̣
һΪ̳ʲô£żؾ˵죬ȥǳ
æͷҾǳ˵ģ
ǳǸˣղŵϺŵҩҺʦҲᱻ찲רտˡ
ôˣͻȻʱǳҩҺôͻһţҩҺ̱ϣͲõ
ǳֻ̿ἱ
ֻôˣһ£ǳҩҺ·£߹ȥСı˻̣ͷŵһԵСϡ
Сؼһ̵壬ûҵʲô˺ִۡϷҳһƿװ͸ҺҩҺγƿι̺ȥ˼ӣԾһ˯úܰģûҩҺʲôӦ
ֻû¡ǳ϶˵
ܣְ̰նһĶ⡣
ǳ˵˵ûʲôˣЩҲܺãû⡣
ץͷУû⣬ôȻΣ
ˣǳɻ˵ѵ˵Ҫʼͼˡ
ͼѣξᣬһŵŴϵ̣ӿӰͰ˵ֻ갡
ꣿǳ𾪵΢΢ۣ漴ؼһ̵塣Σüû⣬ֱ˵ӦòΪʲôǳ£ǿǿļ󡣡
⻰΢侲һ㣬˼Ҫͼˣ
ǳʣ˵ּΣ
æ𣺡һΣﲻǰ
ǳʣǾѳ̶أ
˵γֵһ£ֻжβͻڡ
ǳ˼ŵ̵һαˣտʼּβ˵Ǳβ͡ζԵϣҪͼˡ
ǳͺáͼǲǰ˸Լ̵İȫǳĻȻ˱ĵǣҵǰͿʼ˵ͼѣ᲻ʲôûǿ֮ģ
ǳֱֱ˵ҾͲˣϾҲǵһμ̽ʲôֻܽٿ
ðɡɫѿصܿҵΪʲôǰ𣿡
ǳҡͷ
̲ס֮ǰúõģҸұ֤ѵûгʲô쳣Ȼ͵ͼѿ϶ԭ򡣡ˣϸڼûʲôԡ
˱Լ뿪һúһġ
ѵߵ·ͻȻʲôŲһת˸ߡ
¹̣»ǸһȽϺá
סʱս˿յķ䡣
ʲô𣿡ʾ£֧°Щʡ
ֱ˵ڲ˵ĿյϸǷӡ
Ҫס𣿡ղЦЦԣôؿţѡ
ԥʣռض𣿡
ЦаȻƲ䣬ֻҪ㲻Ȧطﲻܡ
붮˼ռ˵رãŵҲȻˣڿյЩǳ˵ĵأȦȦǲҪףҪʹþͲһˡǸǷӣ˹ȵȶҪޱңǵķԽԽ࣬ޱҾԽǸˮһǿռռ٣ǰøǵô෿ӡ
Щݹ˵һӿȷϺ󣬾Լĵ
ҳռƬظǷסҲѷݰȥ
ղ˵ǾͰ¡
û뵽ôʹ죬ʵɵֻ̲ܿڹ涨𣿡
ǰպЦһ¡ʱսӹܲ䣬кܶ˲Ϊ˷һƬƬõ̡ôǺǣղͱҲõ˲ҡ
Ҳִŵ֪ԭ򣬵õĴ𰸾뿪ˡ
˳
㲻ʡ
ߣʲô
ϳһ˿ЦЩŵЩǺΣأҪˡ
ƤЦⲻЦֻܹ̫
Цš


51 
˲Ļ, ͷĴ󵨵ȥռˡ
ղռܴ󣬻򶼼нġȳһԲ, ô˻ƵĵλڴԲĵһСԲӴԲıԵСԲıԵ, мǴƬƬĿյء
ǹͺͺأǳҰݵ, żһЩҲô, ĶͺССûʲôΣԵҰޡЩܳ˵Ұ, ڲ仮µʱͳһһˡ
ܲסڲﶼҪʱҰϮɣ
춼ĵĻòһ㰲˯ʱˣ
ռƬӽԼĵʱĿǷΧڣֲӺԶҪԷһԺһ£û׼ɶʱˡ
ܿųûӵĵط, ٺܿųӣӽԶĵطȴûдƬʹõĿصģͰҪѡĿյطΧ
Ϣȥ˷ݹҸ˶ܴ
Ŀ, ûȥ컹е£Ͳ, ٿҲո΢æÿյı, ޱҳˡĻ, 㵱Ͷ
վɱڼ￴̡
˲Сʱ, Ŀĵء
СֹȻ̫ľҲյ֡ǰһϸС, Դͷյ㶼֪, ƵĻԶ
ˮ, 㵹ܾϲ⣬¶㲻ɵÿ˼֡оûӾطҪռĿյءִ֮Ҵݹϣѡĵ֪ͨˡ
ӴȻǰǸˡ
ҪĿˣʡ
ͷ±Ȼ·Χ
ˡŶ£һܴľһ󵽲еĻ
ľϿߵĵطŵ֦辣֦һߡָ˵ҪĿյɣ
ľмǲס־ԱľϵһЩ־ȷ˵
У֪ˡľ壬ϲֻ֪ԤϷڴּһͬı飬Ǹӵòˡ
һͲµĻ
Ŀյʲô𣿡Цʡ
˰ڰ֣ҲЦԼ˵֪̾ˡ
ǵҲ׼ʵ£ҪôǣӣһЩȦ֮ġ
ʶĶһԴõķӣȫûǸˡޡǰ׺ˡ
ῪЦ̸Ц併һôǣ϶ʺ

򣿺Σ
ЦͣһЩεĽǲǺȻΪʲôռôĿյأռյزûޱң̫ȥռѹͲռ̫࣬еζ¸ձͷȶãͻᱻҲɷǻޱͲͬޱȻܵıͨûй˼ռصģκǿˡ
ôȻյϣֻƫͷЦЦ
˵ʲôκڸûκ𣿣
ʵǵ̱Լķ𣿡
´üۣĩһȻ˵Ҿ˵˵Ͳǿ׳ôԷռôյšñ˸ǵĻ⵹˵ͨתתӣش𣺡ǰñ˵ҲУȻǸ˵øϵܺá˵̷ݵаµģӦǸǿĴ˰ɣǿִ䲿Ҳеġ̲סϸüۣôһдԸҲͦģǴԹƲôÿֺÿȫȥҸõġ
ƵĪƤҲʲôˣ˼͸Ͻ뿪ˡ
𣿷ȥ̵ľٶ취С

ѵ·ʱ÷ʳȻǼ͵Ըʳôȫᶣġ
ûԭ
ûû뵽ǵԸԭϲҪһֱԣһֱԵҲ˲Żµʳ
ӣԶʵҲģʽ
ңԷϰȰѲϲĸϽԵԵġǾͲһˣϲԵĲŲ
ʳϼú󣬾˺ụ̈ͬҰեĹ֭
ÿ׼һȫҪĻʣ¡ΪԴ˼ҳͷ·˽Ƶģʮʮȥż춼ȫ̺͹֭˵ǸǺȵģ˵Ϊ˸˼ҳǽ
ʳɱ˼ҳΧǿҪڷҲЩʳû˵Ҳû˵ãӦ䣬ǽߴߴ΢Ц뿪ˡ

˹𾪣𾪵Լ˿С
ϴεԼó󣬾ͼѲˡ
ѵΪԹ̫ǿξε֪ΪʲôΪԼ̵С߿ʼͼ
ɡôܣ
һֻС̾ȻôҪͼˣ
ȷڶ
Լ˹ŻΪǸΣֻŻᷢôʵʵ£
˹ľ߹ɵСߣޱ۾
˯ɣֻҪ˾ͺá
˹һ롭һӡʮӡ
⡢衢͡ǡΡá𣿣
˹תͷ߶СϣԽԽ顣
ȻСȻεģ˹ʵû˵Լ֮ǰС߱˵ľʵۻˡ
ô᣿ôᰡ
겻̱ˣ
Ҫͼѻǡëˣ
˹ĸеҪô˵²źã
ţΪԼ˸ô죿ҪˣôǲСʲô¡Ҫԩˡ
òΪʲôְɣ
ϾСչ˵ڼֵ⣬Ͼһֱ̡
˹ѰɴվڵȥȦȦ

ŽͿһ÷ʬ⣿һڷŽŲתȦȦ
ô𣿡ʳϣ߹ȥҪֻ̡
һ£˹һæֹԼ߹ȥʼСС̻֪ʲô⣬һ֪ظһºô죿
Ĵ˵ԴСôš
ۿС߶߽ʮӣڼ˺СߵĶëë˻ΣòС߿˯øˡ
ڸʲôüŲ񷸲˵겻ȴ߻ӦڶԷεѵľĿаСһӽ˹
˹
˹
ι˹Ĳ;ߣе㶶ȥιСߣֱӴСϡ
Сգźڶͷ˹˻ӣְ汿ιü˻Ϊ˲ðְģʾԼû¡
ɡȥˣһιһʴߵôˡ
˹֧֧ᣬԥԥǵǾãһᣬʲô˵ˡ
˵С߱ˣ
˹ͷšһ£ŽͣҲ֪ôͻȻˡʲôûжҶ˵ĻչġҪȥҩҺʦҩҺʦҾȥ˾ܡ뵽취ģԲС
Ҫ𣿡
ߣ
ѹûĻС߰һĵŵܱˣͲôû˯˰ɣ
֪ʲôһܿɰɣ
ߣ
ȷС߲ԼˣȻô뵱Լİ£Լ̳£ôǡôˣ
˹ܾš


52 
ó, ˣ
ӳˣǵôͲ˵ٳԵ㰡
ɵΪ˲׿ԾͲԷˣ
ÿŬµĶ׬ޱҾΪ˳ʳ
ԶԶ, óʱ󡭡
ôһ룬ƺԴ̷ݣҲûȥʳԹˡ
, ȥ԰һ춼ʳ, Ȱѵ̸, ƻвʱ䣬ʱȫȥʳԸʹ졣
ȻܶһڶԲԣڶŻҷۣÿ˵æʳԣǶôõĻƫҪߣ
ˣˡϹһƤ˵Ļ
ҲͰȰá¡
⼸ǻҹ, Լ͹⡢ں
е󣬻Ҳ, ֻͷڿҿ¡Ǹ, ûмѣʺֱܲ׵Ļ˵̷ݰ﹤, ȫǳųġʣµ, Ǹ, , Ϊͱȼ˴ö࣬ƽǶܰݡ
ҪףĿ˼֮뵽һǵ̵ķ
÷Ǳⲻ˵ġ
ôؼǴĶ㣬˭ķˡ
¶ǱȽ˽˵£ðб˰æҲûɵԸ¡ԸҲûãǿ²Ǳоľӳˡ
ǰдߣ
ҲС
ͨҺֱܷ˵ΣǿɻԭʼɽʱҪţһһôλΰݵ¾ͲҪȥˡ
֪ô˼͹յ˸ݳԷ˽Ķ׿ϡڸӵֳ֡ɵıɲǺܶЩǲ֪ٸ˻ϳɵģϾÿݳԷкܶࡣ
ôϺʵѾͨˡҪģֱ治ͻй˼ɣµ˾ͻȵû׼ܾʹŵҲ˵׼
Ȼ˾̾ж
ǾԲ̫ġ
ڿռҲУ滹вֻ֪Կ۵Ұء
֮±·ɴͰѷݹһ죬Ȼæ˸˵¡
ҡ⡢˵ͱʾѹǸ¡
Ц΢΢һת뵽˵Ҫޱңһҧ׾ˡ
ҶԸæȻǳޱģǺܸˡ
ʮľͰһ˷
ٽ˸ϹĳӣáԼҨ˱Ͱװ
ԭʼҲǺʿģˣŶļװݵذǸϵһԡ
װ
ԾǴԣɲ


Ż
ȥһ¡

˹վڴµż԰ѵ֭Ҫ³ļƣθе㷭
գգۣתͷ˵룬иչһ㶼ȫڼտǰɡ
̧СһûµģѾ˵ˡ
˹ˣԴǿܱҿ̵İְ֣
㲻ǲԸ𣿡
Ҳְ֣ܵ˹˵Ҿȥ
Ϊѣⲻðɣ˵ôͻȻתˣǲԸչСߣҪȥռ
˹Ȼȭͷסͷһ£ҾͷеΡ

˹ҡſǽϣ˵ͷεҲտֻ̡
ڣڡļƣЦص˵ͷ

ֻľͰȫװһһ͸ˡ
˳ζҲ֪ӦˣǱǿѾѬʧȥ֮ûٱԹˡ
ԣʶ˵ľͰԼϣŵæɫѿס
εЦ˵Կ
ҡһûûأ£ҡҵİ°ȥ
ӦƵĽͦš
ⲻ˼˵Ҳ̫Уܴܡ
Цǣ
ЦУлú˵˵ͨٴܡ
ЦŵлŵһҪܣҲǳԿ
Цˡ
ҪռĵطͱԴ˵ͷͷԸ˸ɢͷжҪǵĵط;˵ǺţǺŵӸ߸ˣҵ˾ȥˡ
ѾȲҪζʳˡ
ȻǸȲĶꡣ
һֱþעż˵״ǰȷʵɴ䣬ûгִ
ı꣬˾ͷȥװһ·ûпܿˣⶣġ
ʮˣæ磬ڱˡ
ȴôĵ
ﶼǳζ
ֲɴѵΧϧֲʵ㹻Ҳôռ̵ķʽڡ
˱ǱʾˣҲҲˡ
µĸϽ£ڲ
ûҲʱ涨ġµţȥյؾͻᱻݹ˵Ǽ£ʱ򻹲ֻܱţƽսʿǡ
Ƿһ׶Ρǵʱٴȫ˷

δ¸ǳɵķкܶ룬ֽ֮һ
ʳȻȫҪƶ潴֮Ľϲ̫ȱٵǿҲôζͰЩȫųˡ
򵥵Ľ
ĿǰռֲȥҰиƻӡѡӡζģǰ׼ֱԡҰҲζģǰ漸Ҫܶࡣ䵱ӳԣôáܵõĴ׹ܵɫĵ
ȶô֣ԺҵζϤĹʱ䡣ʵϣŪ֮ĳڻݾǹڹģӭʱݸƼԼϲĹӣȷϺܲῼɹԡȻôĿģΪ˷ˮռ䡣
˹ݺǻӭȻ١
ǳ򵥣ѡõˮϴɾȥп飬ǰƣƺúˮŽСӵǷۣ͵֭ʣ󵽱ʱʱ裬ɺ״Ϳˡ
רŶ˶ʮƿװٶͲˣʮƿǿʳܻӭķϡҪòƿװ̫ʵʱҪİ취

ҲûԼͶԱʲô»ͰѸѵʳԭհ˹ҵ˳Եͷ̧׷ҪϽ²ˣ
˵ıʾʳٶǶܼǵס
ʳıʾٶҲܶ˵ù
רʢ˵⣬ֱӱ첲ָԼ¶һ첲ʾʱԵ̫ã֪ͽˡֶ첲ʢˣ
ԱڷܣҲʾ⡣
Ȱ˵طͨͨǣ
ԱͰԼĹʾǳζ
˶ãҲϲϲòôǿҡ˶ԹǾϲĲˣһھҪһóԣظ󺰣ʼˣһҪһ
˱˸ϲζ⵹֮С
õԱԹۣ͵ѻ£ʼ׼ԳԵĻˡ


53 
·ûǺǰ㿪ʼ, ҲΪȷһǵĿζͬʱҲСС
ò࣬󲿷ֻҪԼԡó׬ޱң͸ɴ˸ݳԷһԳԵĻ
Ȼǰǹ϶ôװˡȥңȻҪҵú÷һˡ
˵, òٴθ̾ǹӶһ÷Ա
ҵӦ, ĴӻСĴӶ⡣ԽĵþԽ죬͹ҪһָָС, žͱϱӿϵ»ķѽҪһȦ
ұԼŲס, һôСĴ, ˲͸˵ֿ졣
һСϲϸ
͸Сӹ⻬ʵ, ǳ˺, ùǵȽϺиûʲô, ҾҪʼ
ȵȡ̽ʣܲӷڣ
ɻؿڣ
ָСĿ˵ǰӷס
ҶС˼Ƭ̣˵ԡ
Сĥ죬ȻŴӵĿһ߱ڴϣԱһͲˣɫҲɰױ͸
𣿡ʡ
濴˿, ԭĿǶƵģ, ȷʵܷסˡ
, ԻҾЦԽ㡣Ըһ, ظĵážž죬һһģͨ죬Ļɣش뿪ˡ

ռ̵ûڣķǼԴһٵʱ򣬼ǰЪҵһ죬žΪ㲻˿ڸ֮˸ŴһԭּǰԱȥµǣʱ䷹ݵĿǾ֪Ҫȥʲô
һʮʮ٣ܿ쾭ݳԷǾͻȫ֪ԭٺܿΪɶߴߴվڴϾۣص޹صġܶ˾֪Ҫ
ʲô̷ݵλҪռµˣ
ҪǷס𣿡
˵طסǲǱú鷳ˣ
ΪʲôҪôѾڣ
ݺסԶˣ᲻Ӱ쵽ݿŵʱ䰡
󲿷ֲͨ˷ȥ۵ĶЩӪҵʱпΪͷܶ١
λˣʱٶ̿ɽô
һܲͬˣǾϵıʳǡ
ʲôǸ̷ݵȥռµˣ
Ҫߣݻ᲻һ᣿
֪ܰᰡҲ˵һô
ҪҲһŲ߾ͺˡ
ЩǱӰ쵽⣬޲ظϽôǻߵ
Ǻǣǳʳ˶һô͸ҷŷȥĵطס
Ͳ·û˵ʱʲô͵ȥƻ
սʿô˵̷ֲݵģһֱûʱŷ𣿡
Ҫһᣬǿɾ̫ˡ
Ѿɱ˫ۣ޲ҹϮݣһѻ˵ǡ
֮и˼ԵĶķݡ
Щ˶ҪȵᵽסһͷһЩղĿյͬ뷨˾Ͱ಻סˡ
ռĵ㿴ˣôһ׶θ׳ʵ
ϴǿطܲһƵӹתǲҪѡҾðǸͲ
Ÿ׳ŵģһޱȴúƯĴˡ
еİ£ҵİ¾㳤òÿҲϳȥ˶Ը׳˵꣬תͷǸˣǻ˲ޱңϿϲܽġʵǺܺãҪˣԼ뿪ɡ
׳˺ءЦ˰ɡϢãܲС̵£Ϳҵİɡŵػ˻ȭ§˺ݺһڡ
Ȼ˾ͰѴĹһԶ˸
е鷳
üһǿ
׳ԥˣǡҪҪ
˼Ҫһղֲֻһǿȫȥʳ갡ֹһƬܲĵؿǴûˡ
׳˺ʹ˶һۣƬ̣һȭͷϣ׺ݵصˣ

Ъҵһ죬ٴӪҵһûʳˣһƼ쿪š
Ͷι񽻸ߣʹһĻҼȥ˴š
һ˷ӵ͹ݣֺȥ
Һ͹һ㶼⣬ϰΪһȥάһӭŽſµˡ
̵ӣ˾ʮͷʤ΢Цʾ˰
ллϲݵʳЦȸлһ䡣
ݵϹ˿һ֣ʶԶͨ飬֪ݵ˼ƽʱô¶棬һʮ**Ҫ֪ͨʲôϢ
Ҫµʳ𣿡
ҪӿʳԵ𣿡
вֹ۵ؾʣҪȥĵطס׼ʳ˰ɣ
໣ⲻܣ
û˵·ӵ£ֻ΢Цŵ˼ֹֻ࣬ҪڷʳģܲҪޱҵõһֳ
𣿻ֺ°
ʲô
һϲеˣת¥ϡ
¥£ԷرԼҪʳҵ˼£߸⡣⼸첲ˢˢһӰȥʳʢãҵ˾ͷɿȥ
ͬʱװһһ칤װõĹ
ʳʳջ󣬷׷ײԼͬ
ǹ𣿡
Ǻġ
ҵǻƵġ
ع۲һͬڴϾҧһӣȻſֱһ
еᡭ
𡣡
ףҵҪʼ𣿳ʳҾ̻ؼҸҵİϢ
˾ŹζżԳС˺ǾͺܰˡһСҲû٣ôһһڣǷֱ𳢸ζûˡ
ĲҺ򡣡
ѹǻش𣺡ʱ
һ߽ܣֱӳԣմűʳԣóŶ
æʣʲôʳ𣿡
Һ͹óƵﰵһЦͬ˵ܿͻˣʱҿζô
ջʱŴռĿյǶϡ
ľӡǱˡ
ʵøһ˾ܽˡ˹ƽ˵һ㶼ǫĻ
ɴߵĻҲǲĶԷһˣеǸôҲ編
Ǵأÿ۽硣
һ״ܣù۲۲Щ˵û׼ڼԱ
һֱڳֲ


54 
ϴ󣬾˶һ, ָСӵķ˵˺ǰһξǡ
׳ͷ΢Ӷ˼, бǹζü, ֱ治Ρ벻ȥӶ档
˽ľڵɿ쳯ȥ, żҶϣֻһ㼫ϸ΢졣
СϲûпԹȥľŻʯ顣ˮ, Ҳ޷ǱˮϢȥԾǿ;Ѵ˵ֱȥ, ߻ɵҲܷɹȥ
׳˺˶֣ȴһ㶼šڼʱ, ׳˶˵³֣һ, ˾һץڸ׳˵ļϣ׵͸Ĺâ, գ۵Ĺ򶼲˾˲䱻âǣʧȥΡ
󣬽Ų߽ͣ˺
רˮеĵط, һһסһ㻺ǰӹȥ, ƽ˰
׳˴Ѹһεĵطغ, ŽԼ
һźӴ³ز£Щ
׳Ƴһ, Ȼ, ﻹǹһ䣺, վּܼӡ
ٺЦ
׳˰СܣǼʶȥſζ
룬ζͺײ׽ˡ׳һȻͷŻ˼¡
ϴôˣһ䣬׷ʣǲжˣѵڱлʲôжĶ𣿡æͽⶾҩҺ޺޵ƻ
׳Ż˼£ӹҩҺͷ£Ų˵µӦûǵ̵ķζܸӣ޷ֱԷβ˵̱ǵ̾е⣬һǵһμڱ϶ֽŵˡǸʲôݵȷʵƻ
ʣô죿
ҲƿⶾҩҺ׳۵ҩҺͲ»жˡǶߵˣôػȥǲܵġ
ϴ˵ǣ˵꣬¸׳˷һæҩҺ
ߣ
˺ܿӽߣֺܿ˳ԭ·صһξ롣
Ż׳ŻһĨͣû뵽˽ⶾҩҺܵǶӰ졣Ǹ쵰ݺʰһҾͲԣ
űӲ²⣺Ǹ϶ˣ޳ܣΪʤʲôֶζõó
׳˵ȻȻٶ֡
˾һƨϢ
໡ƨɸհأͲҺ
׳˱ͻʹһתͷһͼƨɵָ֣ʺѪεðͷһңͷµλãһֳϸ̡
˭ҹ׳ƤһಡشӵһĶ𣬽ŵػ
һƬƽ̹ĲݵأǶŵĵطǺòҳһС˵б˲ڸº֣ǲܵġ
ϴǸֵû׼һʹѡ
Ӧòǡ׳˶˵ƨɼ룬ڻʹһƿҩҺ
ллϴ󡣡ҩҺǣ˿ڻڣѪȴˡ
׳Ʋͷ뿴һĸۡ
Ǹˡ
һ㶣ڵڵص°ɣ
һ䣬˲ԶĵͻȻһ䶯һаĿ˴˳
ޡ˼ڴĭԸ׳˵Ȼƨɿ
һ˽Ŵӵεصôͳˣڵʰǲ𣿡
˲мһЦʰö𣿡
ѿǾͶ֣
ǺǣͶˡ
׳ŭֱڣҪߣӸɼܣһԵ˴УϴҶˣ
׳ʶҪԼȻҲˣ
ǰ˸ס׳־ŭб·ſңǿȭͷʤ
淳һ׳˵Ҳһסˡ˹°ָͣһ㣬ͰѸ׳˺Сܸ˽ȥ
ɵӡߵ֮ǰ׳˲СЦȻƤ¶㡣
ˣǻǻصص׼Űɡ˵
˰֣Ҫȥ㣬Ҿ
Ц˴˵Ļˣ
鷳
ͬһʱ䣬ջؾһɻ˼˵Ŀġ
ߵ˵ط󣬾ֱҵλáȻͺʹ߿һѹս
˸Ҳ˶Ѿ͸ס
Ƕڵص£ವسʰˣವȥ
ʼնûжռĿյرʾһҪ˼
ˣĵĸˣ
µľִӱķϹȥһÿطŹ̲ͬȴȫһ¡
ԣ˭ڰ
ղΪʲôҪ㣿˹ʡ
ղ죿￴ģ
˹˵ǲӺвǡֻڲսʿʸŪǸһսʿȫǹ鲿ܡ
룬ʵ벻ԭ
ʳóԣ
ɱζ˸Ҫ
ϲ㣬ôǳԹһͱˣ
ҡҡͷܡȫܻޱ򣬲ַѾ¡Щ˻˼òӢۣ
Щǻʲô
ŵ棬Դ䲻ðһ˼Ĳ²
ѵ̵ͼ˰ɣ
Ҫ֪ѵǺöǷݵĳͣڷݾѵʳóԷС̣ھͳֵͼѵҲǺпܡ
һֱעļ˹ɫ죬æʣǲʲô
ͷѵǡ
ֻ⼸֣˹˼㻳ѵ̸СһСߵѾ͹ˡС̫Ϳʼͼѣ
벻ԭ򡣡
ƾˡ˹˵һְˣҪôʵİ취ҪôܶԲҪӰ졣һ۱︽˵Ŀǰղ첢Ӱ죬˹˵صùϵ
⻰ЦˡùϵɲҲ
ô𣿡˹ֹİɲôýӵġһҪܴıˣΣ̵㲻ùˣ￴ţȥɡ
Ҫôʡ
˹صЦԺٸ㡣
԰ͻطݣ˹ͣ㷵ؿյǶ
ߵ˲ĵط˹ż⳯ϵ˼£ص
ðһ˹Ľţ˹ЦſŶûһ£ȴڰŵ׵ʱԶɢĩ
ѡ˹ſڣƮƮ·׹ǧڵϣϱżĵһ϶Զѿ
˹ͷŵˡ
˭˺ͬһӵ³;˳ȥԶ
˹һ£̵̷˵İ¡
ʲô
˹ǣĿͶԶļ˵顣
ء³۱ɷĩѪμУζѪ£˾קֺͬһء
㡢ѵ˶Ŵʡ
ͬȷصƺһ˵ʲôʲô⡢ֻɣ
˹Ųô룬Ըȥ߲죬Ҫûô򵥾ܵõ
ʸ˹Ǵ˸Ͻˡ
ˣ߰ɡȥԭˣڴöԼʰɡ
սʿһ뿪˹ͰסãԸ⳼ľԸģȫ촷ɢ˴صĻС
˱ǶѪΨһµ̱ڵϡ
ġģҿ϶Բ˴Ƭյصˡ
˹Ųû£Ȼȥ֪ͨʱǷˡ


55 
˹һŵϵѪ
ǶɱˣԾʡ
˹Ȼ˵ⲻͦô¶, ͽ͵϶Ҫֵ, Ѳ㻹ָ𣿡ҡͷܵ, ộһġʱԷɱǣҲ϶Ūиϳ䣬ûɵ¼ǺԼĵˡʧֻܵһ³ҪôҪôȥ
Ĭ˵ʲôζ, ðβŵ׷İɣ
˹ȷ˵, ÿǼ䶼ڻҲ, ˭˭ûȥܡ
ǲսʿأ΢, Ҳ𣿡
˹ֵؿʲôսʿȥæ, ֲȥЩ˵һ̻ҪŪģҺúõɱǸʲô˶٣ѹ, ҾҪɱǣҲɵڲôɣⲻò֪ô
ǻţϲؿ漴˿
ûáնںûһֱڿյǶˣҺôûɱۡûɱ޹, ղ仹ܼȥ
ûС˹Ƶ˵, ̵һԸ⳼, Ҳͦ˼Ҿõ
Ȥʲô
˹գۣԼ֪ˡ
Ҫʱܵ˼
Цҡҡͷתóһľ˹
ĸȽϺÿ
ľһЩ򵥵ķʽû滭ܣõģͯǽӲġ
˹ܸ²һ濴ȥɻʡ
ܺÿⷿΪʲôǼģ
𣿡ͣÿ伾ȼźܳʱ´ѩǱ꣬ŪɼⶥĲ׻ˮѩҪǿƯ
ʵϣ뵽ֻˣǸⶥϾⶥҪƽѾҲ֪ôǡǲ䶼ƽǸòˡӶʯõѩѹҲû£һͷݶŪˮ̶ܵú̵ܼʯܡ
һǾƽƽıȽϺá˹ľ壬ʵǵ˵סо飬Ƿõʱ٣ԾȥҪģޱҲ١
ǵһη峤Ǹڼˣ̲סüۡ
·ʽԼľȥݹˡ
һţüʶɫЩ̫ԡ
С£ҵǸʡ
ҪܸǷӵˣҪḻֽġ΢Ц˵֪ǴθҸ췿ӵڲڣ
ڡڣæͷ˵Ȳվת˳ȥƬ̺ܿһ
ҪǷӣ޵ع۲
ͷʣ֪ûʱ䣿
СѹϲҪǼӣ˵λ̷ݵռ˺ôһƬأƬȫǳɷ׬ޱң㹻һˡ
ش
㶣ȷûסѣҪռĵ̸ǷӰɣ˷ݹһۣǲû˵ռ˵ĿյҪȫϣܿš
֪Ц˵
ˣȷռأ
϶УʹҪǵӡЩҪͶԷͣԼľתע
֪ôķܸܲǣָľ壬ÿһҪвͨʯһôߡձ׶࣬סһ׸ߣһĵҡȸ㣬ڸǶ󣬵ʱȥָǿ
˵ͷû⡣һҲô𣿡
һÿͨʯһ߾УССһЩ
Ҫ೤ʱǺã
Ц˵ȻԽԽá
Դɿһ飬˶ٶȾͿ죬ҪյޱҲ࣬ûʲôҪ󣿡
ûС˼ֱ׵صܴʹ٣ޱҾ١
仰˾ͷˡû˸£ɴԼͶ㼱Ҵ뿪ˡ
Ŀţ˳ҡͷ̾˿
濴
ƢҲͦõģû뵽ȴ˵ƬؿɶѪˡǲð
Һ˸Ƿӵˣ͸ȥ˼Ҿߵĵľˡ
ԴӸҾߵͽܻӭһţľʮӭ
֪ľһԼĥĹӣһΪ·ҪõļҾİɣģϡ
˵ޱҾʹӷָҵޱۡʲôʱˣټ֧ޱҡ
вСľæܾ˵صǲһʼ˵ˣԺҪļҾҶҪޱҸ
ܣεеࡣ
ľٺپЦˣûģ
м
Ǿ͹ˡľЦüۣǼ¼ҾߣҾ׬ޱҡԣͲõһԿ
¿̳¼ҾʽľУһĿĵظȥ
·һٲҪӶˡͳһķװ䵽ʱ׼ھǰá鲼꣬һ鲼Ȼһõĳߴ硪ϱӵľ룬󲿷˶ִܴС
һʮףǳһסεĵûͳһڱϴ֭Һдϡ̷ݡĸ֡ҪֻܿҪ⼸ϳǶڷݵı־Ϳˡ
£˼鲼鲼Ȼ֪ʲôʱҲ˵ԼҪ·һҪ·׼ޱҵ־͡ৡ˻ȥ
⼸鲼ˡǼޱң·ҿС
Ҫʧˡ
һصõ鲼ڴϱȻ˼¡
ڸʲôСιˮļ˹ʡ
ûע˳صá
ʲô
񣬻˸Ĵʣڴ鲼
˹ΪʲôҪڴ
ڹ⡣
ΪʲôҪڹ⣿
Ϊ˺ҹ˯
йͲ˯𣿡ô˰Ҳ˯˹е㵣㡭ǲ˰ɣ

պ鲼˴һôڹҿ鲼ֹܷ˳͵
˹ɫ͵һ䣬͵ǣ
ûС
˹šû͵Ȼʲô
½ҡ˹µ˵
Цãû͵
ùʲô鲼ϰ˯˹
ǣþ˹˫ڷһһ
ڶһʳʹŸǷȥ˿յءµ̷ΧָҪǷӵλãǷҪǶ󣬲˼򵥵ļǺţǿʼˡ
һϹһϢ
ֻС̵İְֻˣҵʲôֲ


56 
ÿ䶼кܶԼ齨Զ, ÿһʱ䶼, ԵҰٲԼ, 󲿷ޱҡ
ͬʱ, ÿԶӶǲ䷢һЩʱҪ
Ǽרŵȡ㣬ĿǾסڲͨˣԶӶЩʵôǿġԶӻӵĶǲ, ҲɲԷı겻ǴޱңһЩҩҺǶʵаĶ
׳ڵԶԼ齨ġԶӵϴֵжʮˣԶڲڶԶǿŵýǰУڲС
γȥôʱ䣬Ϊ׳һ
ЩҪѶȸһЩղнԶľ룬׳Զû߹·, һ·Ϊ˱, ͱȴǰҪСģôһʱͶ˵㡣ĿĵأѰĿҪķѲʱ䣬˳ҵָҪҩݡ
ֻҪһ뵽ҩݻҩҺ׳̲ס١
ɵõĿɲֹЩޱңһƿҩҩҺҩҺ׳, ֻҪƿҩҺ, ʵԻߺܶࡣʱ, ԶӾһЩȻȥΣյĵطһ
ԽΣյĵطȥԶӾԽ٣ҵöĻ͸ࡣֻҪЩöޱһǸʲô뵽˾ԼƵİն
һ뵽׳̲סȵ˷ݿԼ뿪ǰԻС̣׳ֱӴ󲽿ȥ˺ü¡
ְû׳°ͰС̵ëһҡ
С̡໡м۵ںϡ
ְ֪ˣ׳С̷ڴϣⲻǼϻһʱתȥһֺܿ췵һøɸɾӦżϻмǵСӡ
ɾ׳ٴαС̣Сûˡ
˰죬׳ſԱ߱õĴߡ
ǣ׳ëը£ʶž˹
İ¡˹䲻˵ֻС̵İְ֣
£ԣ׳Ӧеصͷ𣿡
˹üңɫ˵ȥˣһھ˵С̵Ѿˡ
У׳һ޴ƤӣҵһЩֲܲá
˹ʣҵģ
԰׳˵ƺû⣬ǲһ䣬Ȼ˵ҲҪҵġϾԷԼչ˲ʱ̡׳ظС̵ëм̾忴ǿ׳һ㣬չ˵úܺð
⻰˹˲ðһĪĵҲ֪ԼڵʲôûԴ;ȵֻʵչ˵ġ
׳һĵ˵ǡлл㣿
˹ɫءšһ£صԺҪչֱңæûʲôʱ䡣ûʱչ̣ûʱ㡣
á׳˵ʲôʱ
ǲм£˹ʡ
û
ȥæɡ˹Ķʲôظȥ㡣
ҿȡ
ˣ˹һԴǲ׷һĴԣҲǰˣ֪˾͵ȥˡõԲôԵ̫ã㻹ǸϽȥɡ
׳С̱˹ͳ⣬һͷˮسżʱͻȻ
԰һˣ˵ڷݼġ
»ȥݣ̧Լ̻˯ӡˣǻؼҰɡ
׳һߣ˹ȥˡֲϴסͳظϡ
ף׳أյģֻСڴ˯ûڷɨ׳ӰֹѾ𣿡
˹Ҳ̽ԴװңǸ˵ڷŵģôˣ
˵Ҫţüʡ
ǰ˹ͣ˵ȥæ̵ֻġû뵽һֻʣСһҺ滹лҼڡƽ˵ǺȻʲô¼뿪ɣȥʱ˵ʲôʲôġ
𣿡ڰ֣ˣԺԼע㡣
˹֣ҲþôߵġҵĴΪǹϵܺá
˵ûãһ졣
ģ˹סھˣ֪ǲ죬ҿ϶̡
Ҳöˣлڣݻͦȫġ
˹Ц
ɲΪлҼڣ֪ͨǺܷĳȥ浱ܷǸ
⿪ٽϵľ޴ƤһͶ
Ƥֲ࣬ܳԵҰˣ󲿷ֶͨĻ߲ݡЩͨĻղ丽ûУŴ˵ò׼ǲҩݵľȫϣ׳һʶľͨͨװ
һʱҵ˼ҩݡ
һֳƬɫԲҶƬÿƬҶֱʮңֹʹЧ
һȻԴֻŵƬҶӣ׵ãöС
ҩֱȡֹʹݺײݡ
־ϲطһõҩݣֵȻͽݡ
ҵЩҩܸˣֱЩ׳˵ֲܿ죬ƤӾͼ˵ס
ţָһЩ˿״Ķ˳Щ˿ԵҶƬòǡ
ֻСĵرĶüۿƲסףף
ʲô˹Ҳһ°ҶӰ¶΢ƵţйɵζԵģζ𣿡
Ҫԣæ˸ԡƤĶ˳
ǺһκɫȴɫĶɾСĿһ㳢˳ζɫоӴɬǺɡԣýŶԡ
˵׺׳˵涫
ΪʲôΪжôһָֻץס
׳ǴֲﶼӣֵߵߵذѼҩݵֽռһЩֽܴȥʣҪһпֲ
ֽռ٣ż׺ȥ˳
׾ͼ󳢳ζֱӽ濾
ƣҧһ춼ζȴǼ򵥵ףǸףѾȲҪեˣ
Ŵͼ˹һһ飬̵ֵڻҪȥҧ
˹һγԿе㲻ϰߣͳһȦڡҺóĲֻͼճԵĻҵˣͬһڡ
ɱģþûԶֻС˹ȥһͷҩҺľҲѰζġ
𾪵Ŀɿڴľһһףһһǵļ˹µݸһס
԰ɣֻһǰ˶ѡ


57 
ľ뿪ʱ, Ŀⶨ˼˹ð졣
ǲĶ㣿
ûС˹Ĳ˵˵粿ҩҺʦҿǳڻҲͨ, ôҩҺʦôܼң
ڻҲ䣿ľһ⻰Ͳ, ҿ϶ǼǴˡ˵ȥһҲ䣬֮ǰڵǸȥ˺Ҳû߶Ǽȥ١öԷ죬Ҳǻ㱼ǵƺǼ
ľѪһ, ҪΪ˹İ£ľǾ䶼ʡȻûáԷϻӸ¸Ĺϵ, ľЪ˼ȥæĥҩҺˡ
һ, ʼ˹ľ𣿡
˹ҡͷû
˼⣺ľǴ粿, λͣĶ㡣ǰ峤㲻ʶ˲˲ʶ㡣
ܰɡ˹һ, 峤ʱңһ, ˹۾ҿһ㶼, Ժᾡһ㡣ԣͷİɡ
׳Ķ, »صµ̿˸Ƿӡ
ô̶̵İʱ, ǾѾںһػ, ҽʵŪȡػڵü, ѾһЩиɷεʯͷȥǷӵרŸиʯͷġʯͷ֤иһС, Žػп϶ֻѾѲˡӲػֱʯͷݷ, Ϊò˼ڳػٵػŽʯͷɳСʯӵȽʯͷ϶ֲͨиŬѾ˺ܷḻľ顣
ôǷӲ˽⣬ǸɵģģľͰ˲٣ҲЪԼϱӵǵ֪ʶ뷨˼ˡ
ţǱǿˣǲҪȥ׳ˡ
쵽磬ֱӴϵѵ
ƽԷʱ䣬ʳü˵ģһ˶ûСȻȴе㲻ͬһʳſڣͿѾˡ
ôô磿ЦŴкûô롣
ᴹԴûп˵ҲµģбĴչţǰҲûʲô£͡͸ɴʳָ߬½ǣ߶ʣҡȥ￴ʳ𣿡
źۼüչЦ˵԰
˿ಽ˳
һѡҪʳģϴܹˮͣһѵʳģȴûôͰǱʳ
º͵ѾˣʳԶ˳ȥʱῴֱ˵˫۲Żָ
Ǻ
˵ĸо͵ÿʳʳʳô˵ָܾƿһڻѺܶ˼һżһǲժһû˼Ư֦˶裬βǻƵβ͡ƯÿƲӡ
֪ʳﾹȻҲǼܡÿ¡
ʳ䲻غȻ˷Ը¡
ڰϴѵ̲ǰͼѵ¸߸֪󣬾Ų飬˺ܿҵ˼ǰѵԭ⼸ԭһһȷϹʣʳһ
ʳѵҵġ
Ŀʱϡܵԭȴһԭ򣬱ϾҲͷһΣǸĿҲС
֮ǻҪٹ۲۲졣Ȼһ۲컹û죬ڶǰѵС̳ˡֻС̣һǰѵΨһĹͬǶʳ
ӣԭܲˡ
ֻС̵¸߲󣬶Էˣûٶֱµһۿʲô쳣ĵط֪ǵ״ĸйء
ͻˡ
һѵһֲΥ˵仹Ǹйص
᲻֪Ҫʲô쳣ʳ뿪ʱû¡
ǡȷʲô״˵ɡ
һ·ͨ裬õſսʿ˵һһ־ֱӱ쵽˿յǰ
ˡṧ
ˣָµӣ
Թ£ʣ̹˵ˣҿʳˣûзʲô쳣
һЦ£ҲҲǡĸԸñȥԼôʳȻ㿴һаʲô
˵ǰʲô𣿡ʣΪǳԶʱҲûֳʲôԡ
Ц£û˵ʲôڰʾ뿪ˡ
վҧҧ˵ˣҪô𣿡
Ц⵭ⲻʵģȥɡ
ʱ˽ᣬʣȥʳˣȻⲿôҲﵽЩ
յͷ
ǿʲôû
ûС
ӳǣߵûвһǵˣҲǰ׿
̲ס˵ûа׿ʳĶܺÿ
ذڰ֣ȥɡ
һϣӾ̵Ѿȷû⣬ҲˣҲ㲻֪ζʲô
ɢɢ˵֪ⲻɳսʿȥ̵
벻ףôȥôʳ
Щ俿ˣ϶ԼŸðʼ磬ҾȷһµǲһǶǿ˱ʲôأ
ʵԭǲģһҪԷҪĶҲ˵㡣֪·ɱһ˹ǸͻȻð̷ݵİ£û뵽ôˣֺݵòСһ㲻¶ԷҪںռĺôҲûˡǣվԿܲǷЩʲô
ðɣʵҲûʲôϣǲһԲġ
ЦͲʲôûȷϳǵǸ¸ˣ
ղ˵֪ˡȻЦ£սʿæƲϣ˵ʲôûô򵥣ҰĿС
̫СӲ˵
һ㶼ص֪ʵˣⲻͲС𣿡
ӡǺǡһ£ͷ˵»Ҫٿ˵Щ硣㣬ǸżҪʼ׼ˡ
վȵ˵ô죿
һ㶼졣˵յϢµĲҲҪμżᡣνµĲ䣬ǵһβμżĲ䡣
ʣĸ䣿
ӻش𣺡ˮ䡣
ˮ䣿۾һ¶ʵЦ


58 
ݵȶ, ÿ׼ʳҪ, ôţһ㽻Һ͹ܽæȥѵʳ, ʣµĴ󲿷ʱ伸µ
ӾôعȥΪ˸·ϣԷеֱĳһ磬üĻҸ£֪ԼݵƺЩ⡣
˵Էˣʣʲôʱʼٵģٵ˶
иϰߣǾÿ춼ҪһԷж١Щ˾ޱһ, Խ׬ޱҿ϶ҲࡣΪϰߣ˿һʣ΢¾ͻشҹǰٵģһʼҲ߰˸ˡ߰˸ʵ, ϾԷֲǹ̶, ζ´ٵ㶼ͦ, ҾûϡȻϸҹԷˡҪټҲôż, ؼ˼, һʮ
ʮȵؿŻңռ, ȻֱǰҪࡣˡһǳڶСΣÿ׬ޱҶﶼиŵ, гҲ̫, ԺÿС׬ޱҸʱ, ǵһֱӾˡ
ǰ׬ޱˣ֪клܱ֤˵һ׬öࡣΪٵޱҲ̫࣬ûϡó٣͹ţСҲˣֻޱҷŽ˷װޱҵĴӱСϵ˴ϣϵϻ˲٣ޱҷеʱҲûϣֻСŲһ㡪аϲĶáҲԭûޱ￴
Һþ죬ʲôҲü
ʲôԭûǳǷݵʳǸֿµĺóԵʳꣿ
ǡ˵Ƿݵ˼٣ΪղеżͿҪˡ
ż᣿գգۣⲻӸ˵ֻż쵽ˣԷ˱Ŷôˣңżᶼ쵽ˣæΪʲôû֪ͨһ
˵Ҫżᣬ߷߲ƽص֪ЩôģżôҪ£ʳ궼ȥ֪ͨˣȻ͵©Ƿû˵һǾǹģ
ԽԽͿȵȣżΪʲôҪ֪ͨʳꣿ
ҾͲ㲻֪ҺЦ˵ҲǴ׵ġͰԼϢһһʮȫ߸
ԭżʳйϵĹϵ
żеĵصղ䣬μӵ˼ղģģռͷôˡҪطסɣҪԶɣ
ס׽ͳһţסȻ͵ޱһ١
Ƚ鷳ʳ⡣
ǳԱ˾ͿԣҪԵúܺòС
ôкã
һҪʳڣζҪһͨ׼ĺóԡҪʳ̺ء
ʵ;ľͿԼľͺҩҺҸרΪԼλڶ֮ģǾȥʳʳ
һǼܲסǿսʿ̶ܴȡڲҩҺʦǲǺڼ˾֣̫ˣֻ粿ᲿУ˵ͲȥսʿˣսʿҪǡ
ղ価ĳ̶ֳ˵ҪǿɫˣɲҲǲһ죬кܶ˱ǲʵĿǰʵ̫УҲǱҪչʾġ
չʾĻ϶Ҫõĸ˿
ǣʳʵɲ֮һҪڣҪϳǰڲѡһˡ
ÿѡʽһղҲԼķ
ȣԼɸϲʳͶ֦
Ȼ󣬱ѡʳƴһ£ٴ̭һ֡
󣬾ʤ߸żڼʳ
̷ݳԷ˺Ȼ٣ΪģΪʳһֵѡѾʼˡ
ż粻֪˶ٴΣǻ᱾ֵַŲָվԼָ̫û˼͸˸ѡķⷽһֱеĴˣ˾飬ΪԼѡϾʩչֶ
һǸϲʳͶ֦֦ǲͳһǵģм򵥵ļǺţ޷޸Ĩ޷ԼŪ˲ջأ˻ŪҪޱ⡣
ÿεһͶ֦ղѵֺ˵ʱ
ǻְ취ԼʳｵۣյޱҡҪޱҲ䣬ʳҪޱһֶʳǻ˼ɵġЩ׿ȫǵǣǸɴͲҪޱʳԣ׳԰׺ȣƢõǧҪԼֱͶֽ֦˻ޱ֦İ취ǸޱͶһ֦֡
ڵһѡŸոտʼ죬ǻûнķ׶ΣʱǱȽϿƵġ
ɾƣѾӰ쵽̷ݵˡ
˵һͨҪҪҲɵʲô
ЦŰڰ֣ãʲôӶ˵Ҫæżˣ仰˵ͱڶˡ
żʲôԽԽô죿
û¡˵֦ͶͺˡҲʱ䣬ʧ̫ʧܿ׬
ǡ
û¡ڶܣǰ˵ο˻Ҽȥæˡ
뿪˹С緹򵥸˼䡣
˹Ųӵֶ£˵żû˸㣿
š£æ˵ҲͲܻ˵ӺͿ˵ʱҪҰæҲҪ֪ͨһµġ˵ָָµ̵ķ򣬡ϴξܾյİæ˰ɣ
˹Ц£ȥ֪ˡ
˵ʾʣԹСùʱţż˹յסȥûһ˾ͱ쵽˿յķ
ίر⣬˹ֱ⣬һ㶼º͡
żҪˣ
ǵһμ˹شԼսʿæˣȤػأ԰Ѿ֪ͨ𣿡
˹ޱ鿴û֪ͨ
գţ
ǲ֪ż쵽£û֪ͨǡ
ЦݱǳƬ̽һ˽
Ҳ֪ͨż𣿡
һĪ˵Ҷ˰
̷ô֪
˿ɵ㶵صҪȥģи˵̷ݵǺѣҪȥ˵ҡҾȥˡ
ѣô֪ôˣ
ǸϢȷϿն֮ǰ²⣬˱뿪ˡ
ˣͼ˹Ǹ˵ʳ⡣
վڽųʳڣŶԷϲԼʳ
ͨһֵһ˵˵ǸսʿǸ˵Լ̷ĺѣȻôɵˡ
ˣǸ𣿡
ұûָãѵѡ
ٺ٣¿ǰ˲˳
˭ô̰ģôˣô׬ޱԽԽ١
ͶĻˡ
ԭôͬкް
ܰ׳ԣҪôССرһ£߳һ˳
ֱߵߣԶһξ룬˵ʳȻ˦һ޴ı˳ʼ׶ƾճ֣ಡطʳڵλãˡһײȥ˲ʳͱ˸Դ
̶ֻһѷӳŭѰס
ŴҪϽˣȴָŴǽһ洩ıɫ΢׵˵
Ƕ΢ֵű׹ڰջΰΡ
ۡЦ
˹˵
ü
˹ǣ
ĬĬȻӿռٻһʳ⻨ʳ⻨ɹȥڰƨϺݺҧһڣѸٵ˻
˹ŰˣͬĲλ


59 
żһѡ, ÿʳſڶڳһľӡ
Ҳ⡣
⡭˸Ͷ֦𣿡Ҷſڵľһɵص
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Ӧİɣ˳ŷһ, Ӵ󲿷ֿţæ˵˽ȥ
Ҹȥˡ
˼ǰ˺ȻͣһԴеѽôôҪ¸ˡ˵ź˼صſڣԼõƤһ֦֦Ͽղı־ǸͶѡʳ֦˰֦ӽľתͷЦҿǰ֦, , , ĸһʲôʱӼ𣿡ʮ
û£ʡ
˿Цŵûҵһ, ˰¾͵ôһݳԷ˼Цڶһ˵Ķӡ
Ŭ
, ݳԷĻ֦Ͷ, һ粻, ľӾͱװһ롣
֦ͦÿ, Ƶ, óһ˿û뵽Ź⻬ֻ֦ȥʱŻᷢʵеֲڵġ˼ۣҪ·Żľ䲻һͻȻָ£ֱӰ֦ء

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ʱǸĴ˱˹ŻŰԼ֦ӽľȥС̵ֻ֦ǲſں壬С̾ſСͽ֦ۡһ½˿ֻ꣬̽Сצצ˹ȥ
ЦŽӹСԴԱŷŽһſϡ
Ժòãǵֻ̣岻ʱľͻԶ
⻰Լ̾͵л
Ϊʲôȥѵ֦Ϊ
һһ˽ű̵ĴʣΪʲôҵ֦˵Ҫ̷ݵģ
Ѿˡ£һԡ
˻ǲˣҸһͶ֦ʱҪÿʳ˶ſڵģǶͶ֦˱һַʽŽ뿴̷˵ôôôأ
ץĿͺݺҧһڣ·ĺƵġ
ȡ̵Ĵѵĵ±͡
ˣء
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ףȵС£һɻζ˲ζ٣ಡֱֱڽԴ
䡱һ£ֻеŻ˰ķȣͷƺð
ʶ˦˦ͷǰһѣӳĶס˼£ֱ̧ҪסЩʲôһͨ˵ϡ

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żôõĻᣬôͲȥһأ
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ҽŲһ£תšǸСߵĽҲԽԽ
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һһС˰ᵽϣҼҴҾҪȥľԷҩҺʦθ϶ɡȻߵſڣľβû⣬С߰
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˹ľһ㶼ĵ˵㲡˵±ҲСĴ˳ȥȻԹʳ˾ȫ֦ϣǡ˹ԥǶΪΪ֦յ̫ˡ



60 
һô, ҲЩЦáȥ͵Ļ̫֣·Ե, ݳԷ˲٣ܲһԷľͽһͨɣ
ҡҡͷӴ, Ҳû˯, ȥС߰ɡԼһŲ, ˵, ҲСߵκý
Ҫط˯һ۾ĺѪ˿֩ˣûչ, ͦ˼ġ
˹˸Ƿ۽˵á
һǰһ˸ڷ䡣
ټĴϣֻܿһιİ
˹߹ȥһѽҿӣһƨڴ£ŴСཱུСƨֱӾһ¡ʹ˾, ȥȴ춼û
˲£Ϊ峤Ǹ̵Ļְˡ
˹ǣѹ˯ôСС߳һ, ӵŲ˵һ鵽飬ġ
, ҲǵģܱεƤò, һȥ˵, һһ㡣ô͸Ƶ, һ̾òС
ɲС
˹ŵ۱Сߵųȥ, ﰵ˼⣬ԺСһѣȻûˡ
εС߿òҵСкеֺģһС⣬˵ͶιúáСһͷĺڷ㵹ǸӲֱĺڷһͷһľһһƶСȦȦֱһ־ָƵľͦġ
һСߵָСȥֳ־۽ëһһཱུƨ⡣һСߵֺͽţССŶûƴ󣬿ĵ׷̲סĥĥ۵ָͷ
ϡ˺ð죬ջħצ
ͣˣ˻ſڴ֧°ĿתСơưƣͻȻڻ֪Сߵ֡ҲûУҪ峤ˣ
뵽ܳȥߵķ
е㼱٣˹ֲˣֻ顱ˡ죬ȻžͿˡ
˹Ǵżؿ飬ʣ岻
ûûСæ
˹˿ʲô𣿡
˫ضż˹̲ס˺Ρ
˹£ͷƵǣƺе졣
ô۶գǡҪʲô
ȲʣǲǴ˯ˣһ仰ߡ
˹³һصĵ֣ʣ
ֱӵСߵʲô
˹
·˲ֹ
òײ˯ţææԼԼˤ˶һӣôһ仰
Цʧ˹Ƶ˵ǲôһ̶ֻˣôǵ֣
ȴЦˣǵøãԼСһˡ
Լһʣ˶ôְ
㲻֪˹Ƶ˵ʶֵĻͽиġ󲿷˶ʶ֣ǸǸһЩصеġֻС̣а϶ĸϣƽƽĸ׽׳϶ΪС׳ҵĻ㿴ͷëǻҵġĻر𰮳ҰоˣȡʲôֶС
Ūûʲôɻ䣬ûоͺá
˹ѵҪȡ֡
ףǿ嶼յġ
ʣм˹ôģ
˹ͣǿ˺ܸߵĵλ󣬾ͻŪ֡ǰǸ֣ǿĵһ峤֡Ժǰһֱ峤
ͷʾ˽⣬ԭֽ㣬Ǿ˵Ϊǿĵһ峤ˣ
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ţ
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лл˹кܶлģǻ߾ֻʣ֡
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á
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Сһ͡˻ӡУ֫÷ɿ˵
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ˣҼͳ׷ǿĺµĻзݵϹ˿ǡ
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ۣſˣ
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һ죬͵żڶѡʳӡ죬սʿ֪ͨڵڶѡ£̷ҲҪμӡ


61 
һѡ, ֦õǰʮʳԽһ֡ڶѡʮʳʮʮֱ֣ѡʳϲòμѡֱӱڶ, Ǹżʳ׼ˡ
һ, ָҲм, Щм, ҪμӺֵѡΪȻָȴǵһθżʳ, ǲڶ, ֻҪǵһθĶкֵѡ, ȥһѡŴˡ
ȵȻʳ
ڶѡҪʳѾ涨, ǾǱ⡣ʳ, ȴռøࡣĻֻѡһ֡ҲҪǾֻ, ҪǾֻ⡣, ơ
ʤķʽζ̶ȣ
, ѡʳʽҪٶҪ졣ٶȿʳܶ, ʳܳԵҲ͸ࡣ
ǻʲô, Ѿµˡ˿ⲻ룬˭ÿ˶ļܡ
, ȻҶ, Ҳտɡ
տֿ, Ҫ, ȫǰ׼Ҫ⣬ʱ򽻸Աһ
صҲܳԵʳֻȽϲʳѡ⣬Щֻأһȶˡ
ڶѡֱǶԴصһ㶼ѺãΪĶͷصİ̷ݲŲʳӡ
ǣֻʳǹ涨
۾⣬տƣÿһ¶һ㣬ȼϾҪˡ
ȼ۾һԴˣ

ÿѡ֮䶼Ҫһ죬Ϊ׼ڶѡҪʳòѻҵӰࡣ
ڿռҰ޾ռһֻֻƤ񣬳ʲô⵹ڣʱҰȴҪϲ١
˸ͷһȦʵǴӿռʮֻҰ޳ɾľ˻
ÿⲻҪɴӿռãҲе鷳ҺµѾˣȥԼֳԲãжҲСҪģռһţҲҪÿ춼ȥʺˡ
һˣҴùҵȲشߴ㿪ʼ
ԱôżӰ࣬ϰȻǺܿġ
ô˳Ų£Ͱʳĺ͹߰һ¥ǡһ鱻ܴҼһµгԱĴʾȻҼˣһÿֱСտʼҶͦĵģֻûһҾЩͷһֱظˣеҲСһȥһ߲ˡ
ΪæҪ˵ûȴǰ˰ָ֣Աߵľ˵ȥɡ
Ͳ˶⣬Ƿֳһһʹ⡣
˿üЦذĵһӣ˼װڿﳤȴϸһģһȥܹ⻬ľǩʣⶼģÿһʲôͬôģ
Ц£һкõ飬Ц˵Ͻ׼ãҾͽô⡣
һᣬý̡Ҽ׷ŵ
ҡҡͷû˵ʲô
󣬹ٶȾԽԽ졣һԱ⣬⣬ȴֻǿǿϴġ˺ò¼
ű첲߸Ƶġˢˢ⴮˦һӰ⣬ŵһҪ
׼õ⴮Сɽߡ
⴮Ūʱ˹ûŵľݸĶϲϸ
ʲôشչȥһۣװȫľŪôľʲô
˹ŵ޵ĵ˵óԵġ
ԾʣҲʳ
˹һľ¥
⴮ˣ͸ÿˡ
ڿ⴮׼ζζζ֡Ϊ֣װľͰϷֱ˲ͬıǣõҲֱͬǵĴ
ʾһô⡣ʵܼ򵥣ѹҪʲôϾԼˣֻҪסĲ裬ëСˢʱʱˢͰ۵ģλȾͺá
ǵȣ˼װϵľޣǿյģϴС
ԼΪͦ򵥣ξϵġңԳͻ῾⣬ÿοⲻǽ˾ġٱ⣬ȷʵȱ˶༸첲ûķֶã첲ͬζǵµϴšֻͬһζĵܷŶˣ⿾ſžŻˡŶͦ档
һͨĻͽ˹ˡʣµں͸ⲻʱҸǮ֮¹ˣϸָһ̸һСϣ˻ؼˡ

ʧˡ
ΪһģϿ϶Ʈ˿ζ뵽緹ι̣Ƶؿʱ˵ŵʲôζˣþһɨвμӵڶѡʳ꣬Ȼȫ⣡
û⡣
ԭóĲǿɻȥȻͷֱȥ˿治٣һһ㼷ƵģǿģΪ־͸ɼܵġ
ԣʲôʱͻȻôܻӭģ
αȵɣ죬һûԹ̷ݵأ
ҿˡ
һͬһˣһ㲻ȱʳ٣ҪࡣҲû˽ȥ۲쾺ֵĹæ˶ӭ˽ǰֺؽռһ¾Ӵ⡣
һžҪ⣿е㻳ѵ֪ͨսʿû˵壬ʵָ˲Ҫ⣬У
û⡣òЦ˵ֻп⡣
⣿ǳϵʮָˣߵøˡ
԰ҪҪֿζĿ⣬ͼſּһ󲨵˹ÿﶼԱʳ裬ະ
ѡżڼ为ʳأܲỹҪʲôɣ
һȵĲ˭ĵԵ˶𣿡
ҿ˵̷ݵʳþˣܳԵ𣿡
һۣȷʵкöףͶЦЦԵƬ̡Щ˵ûڶֱȵľ첻׼Ūʲôơ
תͷ˵֮ǰĻġ̵ġ֣Ҫ֣
ģ˸ǴΣûڷζʳʱһ˵Ȥ붼ҪζĿ⣬ʮĿ⣡
Сȥһˡ
ʱҸȻһȵĽʲôһʮޱң
Ƶʣⲻɣ
ŵĴü˵Ƕ಻⣬ʳڶѡʳﶼǲҪޱҾܳԣôҪޱҰ
ңҪޱң
û˵ȷҪ𣿡
Ҳ˵˵ǲҪǵ£ǵʳҪޱҵġ
ǵһûԹʳԸɴվߣУҲˡ
һҲ˵ȻҪޱҵİˣҲ߰ɡ
߰ɣȥԲҪޱҵġ
Ҳþ˽
ԭЩʳ֮ôóԵ⣬ΪǸͲҪǮΪʲôҪǮΪǶ͡ˣζòã̺ʳԵ˾;Բ١һ棬ˣҲôôɱȿˡ
ܿ졣
Ϊǰһ˼
żڶ˹էԷΪΪʳһǣͨͨŰ׳Եˡ
Ϲ˿ͻãںޱңֻԼԺáںޱҵģҲٳһ㣬Щӵȥ׳ԡЩΪԭûģЩǳŰ׳ԣ˵ҪǮһŤͷߡЩԥɵû׿ڳʳֻóԣ˵ֱȲҪǮջԺҲתˡ
ֹ죬ȲҲ˴󲿷֣ſ˲ʣСèֻ
û뵽


62 
ݵ⵽Ӱ졣
Ǵʱ̬, ̷ݵʳóԣҪޱ򡣼ȻҪޱңԺԸڳҲû𣬶ǷԺ󶼲⡣Ǳʳǻ࿼ǿ, Ļ, ֲûԹ
̷ݵʳֻҪޱңԺлԵҪޱҾܳӳԸĻᣬȴֻһεż, һڵڶѡʱ, ʱҲһ졣
ұʳζ, Ǹʳ̺ǰˮһζ, ǶüЦȥԡ
Ŀǰûȥ԰ʳ, Ƿݵʵ˿, ѹޱҡ
˻̫˰
̾˿ʳſӵµŵĶ鶼˺ü䣬ķſڱ˵˵ˣ˿ĵһӶ
ȥɲаȻָҪæ, Ҫѡضȥ, ָͳָˡ
һԵ, תת۴ſڸ³ԷսʿһۣյС飺ҪǸսʿЩޱ, Ƿݶǵ
һޱҾ, ǳһ, Ҫҵİȥһ٣͹Թˣ
ⵣǵ˵ðɣǿֵµսʿ, ˻ʲôȲ˵Ҫǹܴù𣿡
ҡͷ򲻹ǡǽž죬Ϊޱңһƴģ
ҪԵ㿾⣿˼ϸע⵽Ǹսʿ͵͵˺üοˮǲҪޱңͳһ⣬˼ô
Ҳ⣺⻹ֱޱءһʮޱңսʿθڶ˭֪ҪԵ٣
Աųıߣޱҹơвַлȴǵ顣
Ҫô죿Աĵʡ
ˣҲǣЦ˵ǿԴ档

ףЩżʲô
̷˵ǿ⡣
ʲôȻ⣿ô˵֪ҾͲˣ
Ҫޱģܰ׳ԣ
ôܣ
˼ޱҶԲ׳Բ𣿡
εʣڶѡĸʳ˶ӮɣҲ̷Ϊ˶ȥԶòŸҰ׳ԣ
²õܶͬ⣬Ŷӵ˲
ʱһôԱܹۼֿظסˡ
ôżҪȥĶ
ס˲ͷ˵ȥ̷ݿ档ſ˷ʱ䡣
˵ļ˻࿴˼ۡ
棿ôÿ׳Եʳﶼˣ
˭˵ˣⲻֲ̫ҿٻҲ٣Ҫܲ᲻ҳ԰ɣ
һ㶣漴׷׻Ȼ
һֱǶҪ׳ԵԣȴʳҪӮ͵ÿȻΪʲôҪ
νһԾˣһӦʱûҪܳԵˡΪ˿ܳԵ֣ǰж
ͨ˵һϵ̽ͷǰϳĶ飬ʱ㣬Ǿȥɡ
Ͽգһ͸ĻڻŽ֮УĻϣǴߵĻ桪
һ˫ǽڷ޳֣øɸɾѹָ£һֻŵĹǵɿгɴСһȵ顣кõ鱻˫ÿϸľǩˢˢŵˢͣļϿʼ
Ļ˫֣һֻطתſ⣬һֻˢմ˷ۼˢȥ֬ϸ˿ķ۵ڼϣһҵ
Ȼһתǰһ뻹ڿŵ飬һ˲ͱɫƵĿ⡣ϸϸɫڿϣӿ⴮ζһҪõĻ˵ı
ʱĻкȻһֻҰޣſܡ
ͱ߽
ˮһ˦Ļϡ
¶ǣҰ޺Ȼͣ½Ųת˻ӴͻȻԵ˫£һתɳ໽ŲͣԴȥģʾԼҪҪ

̷ݿҵǰֲŹλĹΪÿԷ˶ൽŲ£ݵһֱܺãͰѹ¶ԺٵСΣ´Ū治֪Ҫȶá
һ飬Ҳ֪Ĺ滭滹ˣΧ۵ǵֻǿ֣֮ͦҪż飬в˶߽ҪⳢ
ɡһվſ˵һҪŶȥ⣬ͳⳢζˡ
ҪʲôζҪֻҰһζ
ʵҲǶԿ⣬ҾǷǳ棬ҰѱĿǸʲôζʲôĵط
Կ뷨Ҳ࣬Ŀ⿴ֻǸСԭԸ߽򼸴ζԭ򣬾ǶʮҳҰѱܡ
ʾûʲôܣǾֻǸЩĹѡ
˵˷ѵϸòŪĹ棬ڿ˲ٹȡһǿƲסˮȻͷˣȴĵϡ
һ㶼Ŀòóԣֻ濾⵽ôѱһֻײеҰ޵ġ
ţȥˡ
һʮޱңǶһǴúܺãǸģǽҪԵġ
ϧǼƻ˿ͷͽβȴ߹ǵ
춼ôһҪɡ
Ҷӿ˺ôƬطأŽȥûһٳԼҲӰ첻ҵȻȥ⡣
˸ûһ
Ҫһװ⣬һװɡ
һӻټ⣡
һˣ
һˣ
ޱһҾȥ⡭
Ҽæתһ﷿վץſԵǣֿƲס͵Ц
֪һζ;벻ˡ
˹ֽζ𣿺
ܳıҪ࣬һͨðͣͷðǣԾŷҪԡ֪ôģ಻ؽ
ǵʮζˡ
ߣұ
Ƕûܳ꣬ҪʮؼҼԣ
һĻЦҡҡͷһԵȴѾõļ˹ͷԷŪŽ׼õľҨϹһЩζҰԶȥ


63 
˽·ϣһʳſڼ, ¶һĹĵģ
εĵڶѡôͱһʳǰɶͲģô£Ǿǳص, ҪҪν𣿡
Űɡһ̾˿, εĵڶѡ, ҿڴ˺þ, ͿŶ׼һء
, ηǳԲˣ´ΰɡ
, ´ҪҾͲȥμżˣΪҲ֪˴ʲô, ҪЩ˸ǿˣǳԶҲ̫ˡ
С, ˵𣿶Ҹѡֲ, ˺òã
ƲƲ, Ҫ˵, ЩҲʲôö, ǲ벻ʳŸôǵµ𣿡
ˣҶҲЩˣȥҸʳԵ㶫
߰ɡҪޱҵûǵķݣޱһ³Բ𣿡
ֱԼȥֻʳʳȥ, ;п˶Žβķȥ, һ, Դɥ˵Ǹ̷ݰɣʳҳԹһΣǳóԡôȥҲҪȱʳǿܶɣ
԰ҡҡͷóôûǵķݡ
һǡþԵʶһۣһúܺÿĴԣŲͣЦչؾ͵ǿɲ´ˣ̷ǿ⣬ɲ⡣
ôһ⣿
һת˲䷴Ӧǳص𣿡һģã̷ݳ˿⣬һʲôĶñġȼͿҪˣ¶ԽԽߣԵý¡
ǳǸȥģ
˺ٺЦһ̷ݵĹȥġ
棿¶ϲɫ˲ôˣȾͳŷݷȥ
ǿɻû˵еĹأ
ȫٱºܿ͵˷ſڣԶԶľͱӿ˳һ¡
ôôˣʳ˸ͲܺȺ
ɣϾǿֲ⣬ɱóԶˣ
õʱడ
أֲܳԡ
˵ţͼݶϾ޴ĻպÿʼһֵĹ沥š
ÿ漰ʱ
ͷؿ棬ܿͱִδֹȫ񣬵ȿһ飬ɵø̾ÿ
ŪʱսʿҲ֪жǿ󡣡
ҵǷǳ֪ǸѱҰ޵Ч𣿡
Ҳ֪
ǳԲ⡣һξԼҲôãԾ׽ǿϧǳԲ⡣
ԲˣȥǸô
ߣߣӣΪ˫һ䣬΢һʹ͸öڵƵĳ˷棬Ѷǰ˷׷׸һԡ
ʲô˾͹ȥŶӣ
ĻԹŶӵ˺òֵǰ棬ͺȻĪϮĳһԣﲻʹˣŭ˲ɢһЩֻɫɲÿ
˶Χ˵ŭĿӣʱҲһ㲻ԡ
ΪʲôҪŶӣʳ궼ҺôŶӣ
߹΢Ц˵ԿĻ뵽Ŷӡ
ԿЦĵءŶκߵ棬֪ǵʻûеõ
ˣŶӾŶӰɣ͵ǸԵһˡ
Ƭ̣ԽǰߣԾԽԡ
ǰ׳ԵôҪޱ
ޱˣôô˲ȥԣҪŸޱң

ҪʲôζĿ⣿Цʡ̫æò
ǲԿ⡣˲Լͬ˵£æֻͣء
գգۣ⻹ĵһʳˡЦⲻʣҪԱֻ˹ҰҰˣǳû⡣
Ǿ̬̫ã̬ȸǵ⣬ǳѲ˲˼ܾҪ
һ󣬼˹
һģһľһȭͷϸıֹμڱϣһ㲻һǡðȷֳɼݡȻǸгСǿƬҰҰ׺ڹϣѳһģһСһѡ
ľСӣŽȥλýǶȶһģһ
ݸԣӹǸޱңԴѹԼ˹˵治һģһġֻѣĲøоѧƵġ
˹һػش𣺡ҪҪáȻһ˾һ㣬ǸҰһ㲻ƽô죿
е˷ʱ䡣ٶԸ졣
˹һ㴽ǣ԰˵óԵʳֵõȴĲǿģܳԵ͸øлˡ
ؿı峤ˣȰǾİɡ
һͷһӱȥ˲˸顣
Ǻˬ
ڿûб飬Ҳ̷֪ݴĶŪıұԭôóԵ𣿻ҰҰˣԭҲܸһԡ
ȻҪޱҵģͳ̷ûЩصˣרǳԣޱҾͻÿģ
ǰʮޱһҲ󡣡
ԣ
ôˣ
Ϊ˵ڶѡģ˭֪Ժ󻹻᲻ǸϽȥ֪ͨ˹
ԿԽԽ࣬룬ɴ˿ռ伸ˢˢһСľգ˸ɰǽڣһŰڷźãҲվˣԡ
˲һӣƨһŲɴֱڵϣľյСá
ֻǿԵͣ죬ȱǳЩܲ䰮ͻȻͷһ³Է
һ۵Ŀ⣬̡ڻǵʱһױǴ**еĻǸײϣһҵġ̡ʧһǱζģҲصˬС
Ȱ˼ΣϾԶԳθáȷʵû£ҲͲȰˣ֣رʾǾԲԡ
ԽԽ࣬˹۽üҶϲáȵ֮ǰԴһʳص˴ҴҸҪ⣬ֻҪʱ˹ֱҪԭֳ˻
ʳ׬ޱңȻǸѧġôģҲܸæģοֹʳиľϲûء
ͱܵ˺ܴĻӭȵݵڶԭʳʱ˽Ҫ⣬Ҫ
ֻЦЦû˵ʲô
ʳﶼУȴʱ
ʱ򣬾սʿһһ֪ͨڶѡĽˡ
ͨ˵ڶѡǵ
ûãаͨѡȴûõһϾǿ⣬û졣ҪǣǮ
⣬ȴ⡣
˹üõǲŪˣıô࣬ôܲǵܾš
ҼҲΪǸˡϢڶȵģһҲûܡ
սʿ΢΢һЦŲæ˵̷ݱȷʵǵһģûʾĻ
죬
սʿͣıΪʳѡֻҪʳΪǲع涨һԡȷʳЩصǾͲˡһǾΥ˹涨ҪһЩΪͷǴӵһ˵ԭ򡣡
еЦãǱٱˡ


64 
òõһʵôں, ֻҪͨѡͺá
, ȴ˲·ϡرǼ˹, һΪԼĵıҲȷʵܵǵļӭйȴû¶Խ֣ڿҿææµµһ죬ͷȴֻһ
ˣֶû, ˹˻һˤŽԼһȥˡ
ҼҲƵĲ, Ȼû뵽, һ˱ǸҪŭ
֪ʳǼֱҪɺ࣡
ڶѡҲܳԵʳ, ò̷ݲѰ·ŪóԵı, ̷ݵǷϣǣȻأѡȻǣ
ѵЩص˲𣿣
ǵͺ, ʲôͷųЩѵĳͷ𣿣
ǽ޿ֻ̡ûǵȭͷǳģ
ΪԼƽҲǶһھε, ڷݳԱԵ͸ʳһ, ͬͳڶȥ
ղ佨, ⻹ǵһ˾, ǿұﲻ
ҲûͶ, ǰѷΧˮйͨߴߴ󺰴СѲߵսʿû֣˱ͷۣǰߡ̫ã˲ʳصըˡһˮսĻҪвսʿмţֻѾսһˡ
Žվм为Ȱܵսʿһ£Ǳһ£ĳͲҲ̲סڱһҶ
ȵ±֪սʿƽϢ¼ʱѾ˱ס
סϣЦЦվŵļˡ
սʿѵ⼸䣬ȥܷʣµĸ˺ҪµʳͷͷͲܼ򵥴ֱشһˡ
ҪͷҲҪ
ֻͷˣƽѹùµҲڡǳԭǸˡ
һĽ̵ͷ˾һͨ磬Ÿ˼䰲
ǣŰѡôҪ齻סνѵ´ξԲҪٷղӦȫŽŶԣҪʳصپͲЩһֻ֪ĲһɵùǡղˣǲǸʲô˶ֲ֪ñĲ俴Ц𣿡
߶һ䣬
ԼԶԲܶ
ӴˣǴˡ˴Դͬϴ
ˡʱղƿˣǶղˣǾԲٷεȷʵʳصЩƽɣѡҲμӽˡ

֪ʳµʱѾϴɾڴ׼§С˯ˡ
˵ģȵؿŴߡΪһΪһڳԣȺʳص˾ֵ˲Ƕ
Ȼġ˹ڴأͦñֱü˵
Ȼأʡһܷˣƨɢˣ
µıǶһ٣Ҳõ˺ô
ûףʲô˼
˹صЦЦȵѡʼ֪ˡ

ѡͲڸԵʳˣͳһסμӡ
һ磬ҴææιСߣ׼Ҫʳ͸Ŵʮεսʿȥס
ѡĵصǽſ˯һӣֻһ㣬ȴܴ
ǿֵµġΪҪеѡĲҲŴ䡣ǰֻżӣ顣һ߷Ӻӡһ߲ǳʮһ׶೤ӣӺһСõĹѷǽ߲ŷŵļ
ЩλþЩСǸѡġ
ΪĿʱҲˣֻʱƺеһϻҲû˵ֱѡԿʼˡ
ʱĸѡ˲˽һ˶ռǰĳĸںĳϡ
ĸģһ۲ʶʣµˣһǡһųԱĴеһһ
۾͵صɴ˭ܸΪʲôǴߣ
˹޵´ǣʩʩȻߵӱ¡
ίģʶߵĿɲֹһַӾͻᴩ
Ȼպһ۾ע⵽˻ȥļ˹
ôӺʡ
˹˵˵ʳص˲μӵѡ𣿡üһҾʳһ
ճ˳ǣأ
˹ͷ԰
գֻأ
˹Ц
ӺͿգ
Ǻɵ
շ˷¼ֱں֣ȥһߣϽһʳص˲Ϳ˹Ȼ˶촽
ģֻܿ²֣˹˿¿տ
Ҳȷʵˣ̡
վü˹вԼ̵̸һΣֻû̸£ͻȻ˵̣ͨͬ˵
̵ѡȫһСС¡
ղٹܼ˹ѡôʼˡ
ܿʳȲ˵ʳζô붼ܳԵġܵõǵѡһֱѡ˵ʳζͶǹصġȻѡʳͲΪҪصˣص㶼ڻϡ
ʳġ
ʳֻҰˣȡڶֵĽѵʱȥġһһҰˣõĺ΢е㻵һԶѷ޴Ŀֻһӵʱ䣬òμӵȥá
ʱܲٳ·ģȥ˿ӻҪңֱͷըֵѡʱǾͰȿ񱼹ʮҵļ嵽ǰ߲˲һѣǸŸģʱָô٣ûʲôѡȶԵĻᣬһõûܳԵľܡ
оԶѡĿ꣬ȥֱߣʱ䶼û꣬һۺ졣
ʳģ߹һһ飬̭
㣬ʱˡ
㣬ﻵû𣿡
㣬ĲҰˣܳԡ
ʮ˲ˢˢ¹ܱû꣬Խˡ
ѡʳľ͸ˡûƤëֿģҪҪʳľҪߣĶǽߵĿ
һٴοʼͬʱ壬ޣȵȵá
ԾԵڵһѡһѹǵ˲಻Ϊ߻ȭͷûĲľôֻ̭һĹǿá
ˢˢ¾͵һʳġ
ʱһֵ˹ʳ顣
˹Եһ˵Ƥëʧܡ
ûе϶ɾ
˹ޱ鿴ûҧ𣿡

˹ż顣
ҰһûŪ
մƬ
еûϴɾ
Ұմζ
߸˹ʧܱǩ
˹ߵǰװģ˰죬֣صúãܺãǳã

˶̭ˣûպӶð


65 
ʮʣһͬȫ𡣱ָ̭ž, һ첱ӴǺ޲Ҫ˹ͬھ
˷, ЩĿӡ
ҺЩ˻֪ߺԼĹϵ, Ȼֻпڶûãƴֱʲȥǿ
պѾúݣô죿˹ǿԼĬͬģ˵ڷԼԼ˵ѡÿżᶼҪһΣÿζϸصѡ, Ǵ˿Ʒ˼˹ĻôѡƽԺܿͻᴫȥ
, ۿպٲԸⶼø˹š
Ǻ, û뵽ôϸ񰡡ƤЦⲻЦ, ǴһһּģȻ, ǾͲٸıˡֻһ̫, ɣʣµ˾ٸһλᣬǼнıǵһ
鸴ӣлл
Ȼص˵һ, ˹Ŀ, ҲԼǲǶһ̯, Ҫؼҡ
ѡ, Ǿˡ˹˵ץͷؾͳȥ
ոҪ, ͱѹϡ
ʲôŵ𣿡
ԥǾôһˣ
Ӱڰ֣ԸǼ飡

һ˴ţ̲סʵ㾿ôȥģ
ǻ죬ǽס˹ҸЩʳ˳Աġ
ñֲֹˡ
˹ΪۣæͣģҲǸ˻ֻǸѡǸ˻ġһ⣬Ҫ˷Ҳʱ䣬˵һ
һװһװһȻͿߴӻʮޱݸ˵ҸҵޱҡʹѹסǣţԺ׬ޱҶ㡣
ĿͰ͵ĶʮޱңܾЩԡ
ѡһͲȥܣô߻ؼҿ̣һȥµ
ټĿյ룬Ҫ·ѾǺһһһ롣ǷһְɫӨʯͷ⻬̣ʯʯ֮˵ճģۼǰŵǽһȫȫľ޴ʯ塣ӵĲҲȫ˵Ҳһ˿
һȦԶԶڴĲˡ
ոǺõķ׼ⲢԼסģһ׼ŪԱᡣʱҲˣ·ֱȥ˼Ҿߵ꣬ľõļҾ߿԰ᵽ·ȥˡ鲼ĵȫûˡ

̷ҪӶ˵Ϣܿ촫䡣
֮ǰֻӶ˾˺öʱ䣬齨ͲͶûӰӣʵǾѿռ̫ˣһЩҲͱԶˡ
ҪӶ˲٣ûҼҲעһ㣬ʺϵ˿ȥѯһ£ǷǵڷŲС
ҼʵͦġΪԼɵò˭Ҳû֤¹Ӷ˾ͻǲǻҹ򸾣ȻģҲŶĨ޵ʵֻҪ޵ӡǾԶܰĵػš
Ǻܺ£һԺһ࣬һֱǸɵøõģʱ᲻鷳Ӷأ
ע⵽е㱣Ϊ̫ۣȹźͽסǺúðο˼䡣
ʱȷʵе࣬ˡ
Һ͹æҡͷ಻ࡣ
ȹӶµˣʱǾͲôæˡ
Һ͹һ£ææһ㶼æ
룬͸©һԼĴ㣬Ȱȥ·ǾͲҪôˣһǰµĻ
µĻ
Һ͹𾪵໥һۣԴͬʱðһ뷨
ǲˣ
ҪȥɱĻ
ĻûڵĻۣǲ۵ĻǺûæ۶еĻԲܱŰ
ǡҺ͹żؾҪȱģȻ˵껰ͱˡɥĬĬӣޡ
һֱ࣬е⡣
ҡҵܵݰæ֧֧˵
ûܾҲûͬ⣬ֻЦ˵Ȱ˴ҿ
áõġ͵̧ͷھȥ䣬ûӰ
ѾˣŶ˰
ȰСʱȥ·ʱĿݸݸߵСϣ׹žҪڰ˴
ǰҵܵܣ
ǸʮСˣûмѹûСӽžһֱԴĬҲȥƺ˵ľȴظоԷڽš
𣿡ʣķȽóģ
֪ûôͷ˵
һ£ߴ٣˵ش𡣡
Ȼ̧ͷĿĮؿȳˡ
һʶͿɫ䣬ջسͺ𣺡ûȵ£ʵǱŵڹġŷ϶ע⵽⣬ˣ˵ûʣͺƤҲȥᡣȳ˴ԣȥ̰æ·Ҳ߲ͨΪĵ̲һӶˣҪˣҵҲԼˡ
˵˵һ𣿡ޱһһյ˼תͷԳûǸȳӣ·ҪӶңֻܸҸŲͿԸɵĻ֪Ļ϶ûС˵ҲˣڼĹˣǲˣ
ȵȡסеؿǲļԺܺáܲڳһʢˣøޱңֻԾͺáһῴģҪǳʲôͰǶߡ
˵ˡû˻ӶһȳӣСİĹǷˣ㶼Ҫˡ
ٿֹסͷСȥ˵Ļûз
عž˳ǣȴûЦˡתȳһɽصƺֱͦеѡ
ȵȡ̾סΪȳԱʼԱСˣ˵°ɡ
Сһðűŵʣ㡢Ҫ͡Ӷң
ԣҪӶ㡣ȻܿԷֱһǻк⻹Ƕ⣬ҲһС˵Ը񣬵ôСЩ嶯
̾˿
ðɣˡ
ллл㣡ͻľϲԴò׻عԴûף;ͿһʵҶܱӶˣǱǲҲԣ
ڴĿ⣬ͷ


66 
·ԽԽխ, ׿С·˸ߵĲݴ, Ϊݴ̫ïʢ, ֻܿµһ·, Ҫʱʱľѵ·ĲҶ߲ҶϸϸԵ, ΢עͻƤϻѪ
·, һȳҲĲˣڱҶˡȴе㵣ĸ, ԷȻһǸˣҲ󣬵ȴûԼ, ƤܰףϸƤûдԡ
ĲҶе, СЩһӲҶͷ, Ҷ˿Ǻܡ
ĻȻֹ۾ɵϴ, ͻȻ˺ôһ
ݡݴӶˣոƺߵĲݴԼˣǾȻԼѲҶȥ·
ϣⲻģ
ʲôЦʡ
Һ񡪡˵ŴƳŵľѹڲݴ, ֻѹλҪѹݴԵλõͺܶ࣬һʱûע⵽λԽͣҪԽ, ʱ˿̲еʵСǰȷʵǿ󡣲һ, ղһĻҲ˽͡ûע⵽ľΪ˻þ, ˵ôԼ
ûʲôǼ·ɡ۾ŤŴ·
ջеľ
ĵطҶԶڳҰ߹ĲҶֻȥĥ󣬸˵ȫݡ
ֲһӲҶڵĿĵء
ղ䷶ΧһͨͨɽΣյҰͱһɶɽĵϣݴȫγ¶ںɫأмڵϣ۾ֱա
⼸˲Զĵطһͷ׵ŹǵڹһƤƤӦǸհģѪǵ⣬ùǵεľǵ⡣
ʯװˮȻԡ˶ǰ˱ָһС˵
С˵ͷЩرһԵʯˮԴȥ
ֻ**꣬С壬߹͹ΪԴЩ󣬿һֻߵĻ
С˱ʯߵò죬ÿζҪһֻųǰ̽ص㼸£Żѽ
ע⵽۾ܴ󣬵ȴûɣĿķ·Զʲôû
磡С˽һ
С˽Ųһ٣ƫͷ䶯˶
硣ֽһ£һȳһ߹ȥһùС˻ʯȥˮš
С˾͹ԹԵվԭأһصܿװˮʯأʯڻϣһˮһ߽ĹǵƤһ˹
Լ˲˵˵ûֲǸ첲ûˣС²æ
һԲԹ԰ѹⶪʯ
һһ߹ȥץסְ£ˣ
ӡࡱŶƤ΢ءš¡
ʱ˺ߣ߹ʣ˭ô
æʳˡԼĿģ鲻ȥܲܰҲæҡûϣģȴӦˡмؿһۣͬ£ӦҿҲԡ
ȳȣŵ˵ȳҲҪ㣿
صͷ
ԸñҲһԣ
ٵͷ
˳Ĭһ£ͻȻɤӴ󺰣ҿ
ɽɽʯͷľڵ֪ʲôݣͷģΪֻһƼڶڵʯͷľܿͱ˴Ų˿ܶ½½ɽ˳
棬СľȻûͼѹģͷѩףͣ϶ơ
˱Ƚ٣Ҳʮ
ʮʮ࣬Ǹʮߵˡ
Щÿһ嶼дСС⡣
ҪôҪô˴˲յϣ˵ǰվãҲʲôôĬվ˵ƺ˺ţǲʵʲôȴܲʲôʣʵʲôں
Щ˵۾һ̶ˮƽնûһ˿
֮ǰѾ׼֪ԼҪԵһȺʲôˣ⻹ǴӴġôǵ峤ˣֶ˵ֻǳʶ£Ǻ׵ġ
ǻҲ䣬Ǽ䣬кܶˡЩǲȽŴӴûٲԣЩʹҲԣЩĳȱݱЩ˶ûûԸչǵ˶ûС
ڻҲ䣬˻³ǼҪúܶ࣬ɽǣҸʳԡҪԱ϶ǲܵģǳĵõࡣûͶģǲڶʴˡ
ȹ԰ֵչˡ˼ģԸչˡ
иϢҪǡָָ֪˭Ĺ֪ΪʲôΪҲĹ
Ⱥм۾һ£һɤɳƵ˵ĹӶ
û˴ӶˣʲʺϡûоܾӦˣ
ʱҵķҪܶ˰æĻԸ˵ʺϣһӶǵġûʺϡͬĻûĵʲô˵ĵزֻ⵫ƷԺܺãǻᡣҲһŤĻ˼ʹǶǰҲ࿴һۡ
֪ǲţûӦ˵ð춼û˻Ӧ
ʱײײس˹
ַס
ָĿİͰ͵˵ҡܸæȻҵĶܺʹ
͵ǰСˣٿתһȦ˵ԡ
С˴ֿЦЦЦţ
˲ڵС˵ΧƤȹͬˡ
һݵƤǵ˳ҽгмսʿ̧̧ұۣʱˣûˣҲʹáܴԣҳԱĻ
ûˣмսʿʵڣá
Ƿ磬ǳ˶˳Ӷ˺˵òУŵҲȼ
ҽг˺Ȼ˵ûһСȣһҰޡٺһЦС˵Ȼʳ֪ûԼһЩҰޣأ
⻰۾һĿռڻŲҰޣǶ˿ռԼĹܣֻҪҰιˣûܡҰ޾ͲһˣûпռЧȥҰ޾أû뵽ͳˡ
ЦŹӶˣ˵˵ˡ׶ܵõޱӵҲߵǰ
ҽβ͵Ļ֪˵ʲô
ҽС
ʹ;ɵϣʱЩ˻Ҫȥץһץ
ʱЩһ⡣


67 
, ǰɽ˶Ӷˡ
ɽһʮ, ̫СĻ̫ϵĸɲʲô, Ҳޱңֻһٷܸɻģȫ˳ܡЩȸѧҰ޵ľ飬ȻڿѧôѧúõȻȥҰ, ʵѧͰĻϾݻȱء
ã˵±, ָǿԹס, Ҫһʱ䡣ޱ׬ܳԹס, ζβôõ, ʱһκԴڷſС
˰Ұ޵齻һ㶼ٹˡ
ô߰죬μż˿ʼ½½ˡ
μżϢģĺ, ȫԲΪλ佫Լټһͬǰղ䡣
żᲢǼ򵥵˴Ҽһ, ˳˾ͿԽɰ¡ʵ, һεʱȻᣬȵľǸˡ
Աȡ߰׳l, ٶȵǱرĿ, ЩıȲ, ǾͿӷ֡ûǿȲԣ϶õĸܻӭڴԵĻòǻƴĿȻ˵ԺΪֻԾ󲿷ִ˵ġò޹磬õһּߵĳ̶ȣǺǰͶҪˡ
ţվڶڼ߷ΧһСˡ
˸ҪȵЩط˻ǴˣͳһһԼս
ҪΪǴƵľͲ۴սԱѹͲ⡣
μżĲ˺ղǰסĵط㻮ƬյԼʲôסķʽǻҲּƶĵطŻġղǶǼ䣬Բô۵£
ǣ̽ûסķ˲ȫôǾйֹһżĲ䣬ס׾١ޱһҪ͵ġ
Ūס޵£ʣ³Ժˡ
ЩѡҪвμżĲ˲涨޿϶еģʱĲ䣬ղ䲻ܳԺȣԼ
ʵղǹôġ
Ϊӵһ֧Ĳ˽ղ󣬲еʳͱֻˡ˵ʵǹѵòУǸͲԡûн취μżĲԱʳֻʳž̺ͻɢ룬һȣʳûζͲʲôˡ
ղ±Ĳ˲ˡ
ԹζõģζʳŻջ
ôһκ󣬱Ĳ֪ղĿģǶǿʱղ䣬粻ᳬ졣
ֻ˵ĻҲǲܡȹ涨ʱһЩ˵ʳͻȫšʱ򣬾ֵЩѡǳˡ
μżĲȫ׼ʱ
һ磬żʽʼ
컹û緹ѴιС߳ԷʹҴææȥס˵طͿһźɫ鲼ȹĴڴſڡ
һƼ۾˹
ͷʣǣ
ǽ˴ŵĺɫ鲼ȹֵĻζȹӦĳֲ֭ҺȾģҸȾûáΪ̧ļʱƤǳǳĺɫۼ
֪Ц˵
ΪݳԹʶԼ˵˾䣺ллݳԷ
䣬ȴЦŰ˰֡
ȥ̷ݳԹ˺ܶ˵ʳóԣҪȥһģϧ㵱ʱڡ
ң
Ǽ㡣Ŀȵضϣͣ䶨ʱ˲μʳ𣿲ֺöಿһеıɲ࣬ܲμӵĶǳúÿһʵġһʱμ˱æҪȫС
׵Ժʳ﷭׹ֵˡ
æ˶𣿡
ҡҡͷ࣬Һһ
ҲʳĲμ֮һ
ǰЦһͷء
Ƥ΢ڣǸˣͷȷʵû⡣
Ҫʲôæֻ֪ͨҪҪЩʲô
գգۣ˵ҽ֪ˡ
ϴǸĴ󷿼䣬һͼˡ
ĸԣһԡ
˼͸˵ܹһһ仰ϻ֪Ȼش˭

Ǹԣ
Աѡ𣿡
һ˳ע⣬ɿ˰ðףû
һ˱˱Լߣ˷ܵغҰѽ
һװ˼˿һ׾ţôһԱȣȷʵܰƽ׶ԵСӡ
һЦ˵㿴еҪԸҽɰ£ҿ㡣

ʱ̽һԴΣǿ㣬˶ˣ
úãӦһ䣬ߵǽһϽѡһԼܴĻϣ
һ߽ӹӿһʣǵҪʲô
˵ûʲôվȥ˿һ
ʲôһˮ鲼ȹӣǺɫͷź߷˼£Դɵʣ㡭ǲôˣ
ûС˵
֮ǰǸߴٵ̽Դﺰ죡
ˡٶһԶץ鲼ȹȻ˼£һݸߵ컻ϡ
鲼ȹһΪѣ𣿡
Ϊʲôֵؿ˸ģһξ͹ˣôƯ·ΪʲôҪǴΪ˲䡣üͷ΢΢𣬡㲻ĻǲΪ룬ñ֪ˣᱻϳġ
ôأһ鲼ȹȻĸ߶ȣ
⼸ͬ˵ôء
żǲҪԲܳһ⡣
ػ˴ɫ鲼ȹ·ʱ˵ŰѼȥرܡ
鲼ȹѹڵϣóһװ˺ɫҺĹӣСָմ˺ɫҺͿĨҺմϣСϹţֿȵػĸһģһĺɫͼơ
ͼƣóһҰݴɵͷδͷëһ˷Ҷλá
ڣˣ˵һ䣬ͱųȥ
ϳһξ룬ԶԶˣɿץ첲֣ٶƽԸ߰һֵ˶ѷȥ
ûҪʲôѧǵҲڳһŸ߰ߡ
Ⱥһ־ע⵽ĴߣԶԶ첲ϱĵطݵ˺ࡣ


68 
סרŸսʿ޽ѵ, ܴ, ˴ССʯͷʯͷսʿضԼģսĻսʿҪôѰҰҪô֮ͬ໥д, ԱټһѵʵŵĶͦٵġ
ѵϵʯͷʱȫŲǽ߷ţճĵԲͬսʿһѶѸվţһߵͷ˽, һӸ̽յһѵʱʱɨһ¡
˺öడ˵ʮ䣬֪ǲġһ˵
ͷص˵ûʮǾŸ
Ÿ䣿ԶԶɨһѵϵ, װ, Щ˼һٸˣǰ䰡
˵ٵʱֻ, ʱ߰˸ɡ
Ĳ𣿡
һżоԶĲҲǲμżᡣ
һ˺Ȼͺһǿ쿴, ˮˣ
ģ
˵ˮλţû뵽˰
ˮôˣʡ
, ĸͣ½Ų, Դˢתһȵؿ
㲻֪
Ȼ֪ˮ䣿
ͬʡ
εЦЦ, Ǵʲô
ʣˮ䲻֪ܸ֪ɣ
֪ˣô֪ܲ
˵˶úܺÿ֪𣿡
ͷܾͷЩϾҲˡ
ˮ塣壬ˮ˳ÿˡѹһ㣬ĽǼʵ˵ǲ俿źÿǿڶǼĵλһˮ˲ÿǿʵΪǼġ
ǰһ̾˿ǰˮûμӹǲżᣬ֪һΪʲô
˲𣿾˵ˮ˶ˮ治֪ǲġ
˵ˮ˵θǲһǰ˰̬
˵ˮ˾ѵĶ˵ǵĸˡ
ż˵̸ۣԴͻȻð㡱
ǵʲôࣿ
ش𣺡㣬Ҳ塣
ȻĹ£Ҳۿ㳤ʲô֪ǿһǲı顣
һѵڣսʿ˸̨
ʯͷһٶƽ׵̨ӣн׸ߣ̨ɾܽ۵ס
˰ոԵĲվһ飬ڸ̨Χվڸ̨ϣĸ˴ӵм䣬̨һȦһʮ˶ѣŸ䣬һղԼˡ
ףǲ˸ܺÿ˰
˵ǸӺܸߵȷʵܺÿˮĶҪÿ
ƢŲ̫ðȷμżģôһŭӣ
ʶ֪ķŭ˭˴һϲ󼱲͵ӣʹһֱֶҪ̫ϡ
μżġ˵ҹӶˣûʲôҪæġ
𣿡ϧ
ʱ̨˺Ȼ
ǲμż𣿡
Ǹʲôҵİ¿𣿡
иˣȺĳԸһ£̧ʲô
Ƕ׼ݵسɹװСֽǶɽסһۣǶѾ˵ĻɫҰֱˣ룬ݸվԵĽ
ҪңԾʣ֪ڸһʲô𣿡
ֱ첲˼ȦȻ˻ҲҪ㻨Ǹ˵ҾǸ첲еֱһ¡
Ŷ֪ûţû׷ʡ
ֵĻ΢΢˿
̨Ͼվˣǵ΢ЦҪסʱˡ
ӭղ䣬μǲеżᡣ۾ɫ̨µˣһֻɫ׳ˣĲе࣬Ϊ˱ʾ⣬ǲѡÿż裬ϣ˶żҵ¡ϣҵµǿѡǲ䡣
໡ȿ˵̨꣬¾һƬǺ
Цݲ䣬һͷӿ񱼶
żʲô趼û׻᲻ѧ
ðɣѧ
ˡӲͷƤ˵Ҳż衣
ջû˵͵ܼ򵥵ģ㿴ҵĶˡ
ûܾĻᣬ̨µ˾͡໡ֽβҽУеûͦнеģƵġ
ڡ໡Ľﶯ
ǷɿվܣתȦתʮȦɿһһĸͬķˡ
˱߳
ԭؿʼʬ
״ƺҪ˵ʲôֻ͸ſԵĴԾ;ȭͷ˹æӭȥһȭһȭһһŵءԴ
һԴҲضá
һ±ƣôʹˣϸһԭĴܣܵӡ
Դ˼ӣԭɵ˼ӡ
ò׵ȵ·ңͷϴŵëͺһʱڲˣֳ£
ˣ˰ΪͻȻ̨·ӵ˿סˡ
໣ڶ嵽̨ϲɷ˵ĸ˾һסǱ׵ϸߣٱ֪˫ͬʱסЩĸ˵ģקǰˣקקȻʹ
ҺǴúзִ磬Լˡ
ֻûУռ˵ǲ١
ÿСȥˣ뿪ǰһǡֽͷ·ĶУֻҪ׵㡣ˣ˾ͻšұ͸ˡܿ
μż۴ƶУ󲿷ֵ˶ӿ򼸸ԣֻôһ˺ȫĴܹġ
һ㶼뱻׵и鲼ȹ뱻һǸһڵס
ֽţԴɿƻ·׼롣Ȼ̨˿̶ˮй̨ͨ滹кöûطֵȥˡ
Ѹٷ˴˶ȥĿԡ
ֻܴӰˡ
һһԾŸ̨淭ȥ
ʮ˫ץһա
һתȻ󡪡
ӣȻûȥ
һֻץסĽ󣬰˸̨ϡ
һһ뱻ȥ
ʵı۰סһѽڼϡתͷ˼˹ĲԷüͷ΢΢𣬻¶ð
ĺ󱳣˵뿪
뼧˹бһۣǵܣ˹˴ӭȥ
ˣһţߵһѹһƬ
ļӣ֤һĴս
峤ֻʤˣѹϣޱ黷ӹˣ߰³˼֡
ҵġ
θܣ¡


69 
Ѵߵִ, ת˺üȦθĲʲʧ
̨£Ψһûвⳡսˮһضͼ˹, Ա, ۴ǲ֪ЩʲôĿա
ﰵһ⣬ʲôżòΪߵĵұ˰ɣ
ˡӸ̨һԾ£ߵͼ, ǹġ
ʲôǹ⣿û˼
˵ǹҪЩ˵ġ
֪տȻЦ, Ϊ㣬˶֪, Ͳרǿһ¡ģû˸ġ
ĶĶּͬѼĸо
Ǵܵ£
ʲô£ҪһŶ԰, ֻʱǰһѡչЦ˵νЩ벻ȻղԾԵʵʤˡۿűĲ䱻Լſ, յжˬ
̨Ψһվŵ, ĸ˰Ĵˡ
鲼ȹһ, ץǵһƬܹʹѵ˵úãҪ˵ǴˡǼѾǺܺˣǰżҪż, ǱЩ˸ø, ƫƫǲսʿҪǲһ, żЩ͸ʱ, ǲսʿûһӮÿֻٰᡣ
ǰЦ⵭Ҳͨżղǿ
˵Ŀġм˵ҲֲսʿϾѾˡ
Ц˵ǲսʿȫΪ˰ǣҲΪ˲ԼˡԼֻźͱĲ˽ɰ£ζɲܡ
û뵽ղսʿμżỹһԭ򣬴˿֪˶ǲͬҸ±ͺѣԼҵ£ȴΪҪˣʹˮ治һĲҡ
żżῪʼżǴ͸ˣʱƵġֻڹ涨ʱǵżˣʸμӽżᡣ
һȺҶ϶ҪչɸһܶӮӮ˵Ķʵģ˲ǿǧټƺƭղġ
⣬ǰ̭һЩҲĿ֮һղ᲻е˶μżᣬһʱ򶼸沿˽˰£뿪ǿտǿ޶ÿղѡμżֻжʮˣӮ֤Լʵ˲׷ǵʸ
Щ˵ҲǾûˣѡûʸ׷󣬵ղֲǾûˣȫԳżеڼ䣬ѰѰղǳֻһȥ
ЩģֻҪȷżûô߸Ҿͷˡ
֮ѾżῪͷֻҪһʳУʲôż߰£ǾԾԲˡ
żڼʳ£ûʲôƣֻҪһ㣬ǾǧòǶ⼸ѡʳȫţԼ˵ĳԷⶼҪǽʳȲѳԵʲȥҪ졣
ԣѡʱŻص㿼ٶȡ
һ㲻Լֻ·¡·ѾãղײգɴͰѿʱ䶨żڶ졣
ǣһȷû£ͣظϻ˼ҡ
ΪҪæһż£ǰʳ⡣ֻȥ˲Сʱͻ·ϾˣؼҾ͹š
ЩŶӵʳԵľͲõˣڳԵľôߣΪ˱ʾǸ⣬ǮͲҪˡ
ȻԵúúõһҪޱңٶĲûˣͲĺٶΡŶӵ˺þõҲͦģôǶ֪Ҫȥ·Ӹǵúܴ󣬷ӴܰڷŵӾ͸࣬ôһǾͲøһ̫ˡ
˵ЩŶӵǱԼϣҡ
ҪĶʵô࣬Сյ˿ռֻιư贲ӣһԤʳĺ·Ȼûˡ
ҵԼľ˾ȫˡ
ţȥݹ˷ӡ
þһ飬ûʲô©뿪߳۷
ðĶˣȴӦôߵĶ
ôֵǮôܲ
ѲСжװռ䣬ֻܾôų·ȥֻĻ˷ӵͲܵˡû˲ֱ˭˭ܽһҹ˾ƻҪܶûҪޱ
û֮ǰѡ˴£Լðɣʺ˿ֻ಻١
·ĿǰĲ㣬ƻеҪŶԡ
һпֵȵСԡ
ڶǲʲôʳﶼ飬ȻÿʳãʲôʱµȵҲ鶨
Ū˸򵥵Ķͯ԰èһЩȽϼֺĶš
ţ˸ͼΣ峤һδ޸ĺòײõġ
֮һŪͯ԰СˣһԭһΪѵЩˡ
ǰǰеͼѵ£ѹûºȷϹǼֻ̲û⣬廹ŵͼѵ̸վչûͼѵǡ
еĶģֻҪæݵ£ҪչСߣѹûʱ춼ѵڲһˣ·ӹ󣬷ѵЩû˵Ǵ´ࡣʱС߾ͻкܶС飬ҰԼ̷Ƥӵչˣôѵġ
һδܴⷽÿԼΪпܶߺ˼ֵ
·Ĳˡͷһ鷿һѵһСһ
ʣ»ûǵĵ㣬ŪרֲҩݺһЩͼֲģǸռĶ·ֻǲⶫ̫ҪǷҪ٣֪ջ᲻Ը⡣
ȻЦЦֻ²ԸⶼԸɣ˭ӦԼԸ̣;ԼҪأ
ٲãԷŴӦ˵ģԼǡȡ
ԣȴӦġ
ʱеһֱæҹలźã˵Ե˳Թ͸ȥ˯ˡ
һԱľǸߵʹʡռ仹סܶˣûȫãٹС
Һ͹е⣬Ǵֻ̣ԱûʯǼסԭµʯҲôģұûҪһ㣬ǴܹޱҾͰʯ
УľСˡס·Ҳڿͷ˸
ǲģľеҩҺʱҪĳԾû⡣
ռ˵飬ʵǾܾ˰

żῪʼĵڶ죬̷¿ҵˡ
ݵϹ˿֪£һϹ緹ǵúܴķһ£žǿϲ
ôķӲ֪ܷŶӣڲôʱĶ
ô꣬ǰ̤ݣžͱӶŵһſڵ˸


70 
ǹ̷ݻ˵ط, ǰ˺ܶ࣬ܰڷŵҲ, ȴżеڼ䣬˱ѡ⣬ʳȫءҪԵĲһٶμżô򵥣в֪˶ٵԼҲˡ
ʵһĲĸʳ궼ǸտŲ, ôĹû˯, гԷҲûʱ, ķ֮ô, кܴԭġ
æһҶ˯е磬ϽҪʽһ鶼ڿ֮Уƣ˯ԾɻԾǳʹ˯̤ʵ, ҹ˻˯ҹˡ
컹Ǻڵ, ȥʵ˯ţҼԻ·֪ôͺȻͨһ, Լͬ·
˺Ȼǽ, ǲý, ſڵ˴˵ļ顣˰죬õ⣬һĶ˯
С߰ҹѣ۾ԺԼ, Ķ, ȥ, ϰɨһ£ȻͿ˼ſڵ˯
ŪÿЦãС߷ŻشϣȥѼ˽˽
Ǿе˷˯ţɴǰſڵš
㲻ùǣط˯ɡ
˯ˡڰ֡
˼Ĳ˯Ҫʳ
ʣǻԭǼʳ𣿡
Ц˵ЩټӼµʳ
ص˵һҪпֵЩԵģֹ𣿡
ˡûϸͣŻҺ͹ϴβ˵Ҫǻ»𣿰һ㽻ô
ûż˵һ룬͵ضס˵ʲôŵʡ
ظһ飬˵һ㽻͹š
ģ૵ʹŤ»ҵƨ⣬ʹ죬֪ԼΣæϲذظĵ죬ģһʧģǿǹһôطȵ˶˲ʲôеλˡ
ͷҪĶһǰãȹпʱ䣬ҾͽһЩʳȻǵޱһ¶
ҹϲüֱ֪˵ʲôźá
ҪʳҪޱңôôأ
ϲĲ֪ôм֮飬촽Ű²һ
ʣµļޱҲͨͨˡ
վɸʢˣܵһ˾æùڣһǮ
΢һϲ˵ģʽǰǻҼӵϲˣڸĳԷԼԼ˲ˡ
һ̨ںڹ̨棬ǵųǽ濪ڡվڹ̨ǰŶӣԼҪԵʳںޱңӴȡʳǡôֲܽõ⣬ұ֮ǰҪЧʶˡ
˵꼸˵İţ磬ĥһ£
Ȼżڼ䣬ǾӦӦ´Ż֮Ļɡ
ҪȾҪ˵ȻǹĪֲŪɹ沥ҲƷһζˡһŹǾͷӵôˣ̫ϡԵʡϱӼʮһĸеӰţҾͰСȥռλһǴž
Ǯ;ͶŪСӰ˼ʵ˵ӰҲ׼ȷСƵûôḻģϱӺôǿӾӰƬˣƴյŪƷ
ںòÿеĿͺˡ
ȷһߣʱûã»רע¡
ŪŻݻԼûϸƴ󺣵ϹһΡʲôǱ߻Ҽ󣬷׷뿪ݣ컹ûͳȥ񡭡ԣȥˡ
ܵסլ˱ּ·Űãһݡ
̲һ˳
̷ղǺˡаµһҼ˵ĻĶ漴жǡõûµ˵ţ̬Ⱥһֱ˦Ϸţ̬Ȳõͷһ磬صģŻҼҪ
²Żݣǰʲô
ղܴ󣬻ҼŲٿҲֻ֪ͨٲˣǰϻ˷ݡ

̷ſڵĴƬյϣȻһõƯɵľ޴š֮ϣһ޴Ļռ˴գĻտ죬׵ƣ΢ε󺣣ϸɳ̲Լɳ̲׷Ӱ
һǿ׳Ӣ˺һĴˡǰܰܣں治ͣ׷׷˵ķ˿һһ߻ͷüЦһע⣬Ųһˤɳ̲ϡȻץסᣬ˹ȥ˲ѹˡ
˴һĻãıȻᣬһϢһ͹ԸеòҪҪ
沥ʱŹһʶ۾һգգ˿£Ƭ˲䣬ǺĴ
ʱͻȻƫͷһָֻϣ˵ó
ֳյķһ죬һƾճ
˰ѿһüЦŶϲζ
꿾˹˿ζɢڿУһڣ첲϶ԷĲԴ˹ȥ
Ȼֹ𣺡³ԷһʳСŶ
ǣ
ֲģ濴Ǿᡣ
ҵ˵˲Сãаµ˳Ű׳ԵʳǴҴҵӰһЩ֪˵ע⣬ںЩ˾͸һ
ĿƯĹţе㸴ӵĹ棬˿ֱݶȥææȥ֪ͨѿ档
Щ֪Ϲ˿ͽſŵһſڵ˻ȫкЩڸ·ϡ
ʱǡÿʼһֲţ˵Ϲ˿ˣŶӵҲѸܳţվڿյϿ档ּ꣬ɱŶӡֻξԶˣһŵǰһٴα
û취˭뿴أ
ŶӣͷӶ̸۹ݣЩЦ
һľƳȵʳĻҹ򸾣ſֵȵȳˡ
ʳϢ˲һĿռ
ذڷźùװֵĴϣлѼϣźñȶȡȻóһҶѵȵĹ棬ɫľϵҰӡ
¶Ű˿Ŷӵǰ΢ЦŵŶӵȶû˼ҪҪԵı߳Աߵȣ


71 
Ǳиʳſ, ǲȥ𣿡
ȥղĴҡͷԸʶ˼ᶨش뿪
˺ʣǸʳʳﲻó𣿡
˵óԡ˵Ҳ֪ڻʳĶǲ伸ѡ, ʳ϶ķ涼ǹصġ
˸ˣôȥԣ
Ц˵ΪиóԵİ
˻Ҫʵʲôȴ˵, ֻ˵Ȼͻ֪
ǰʶûһĴ, ·һẉ̂·ֵȺ, ˡǽµ·ԽԽƫƧ˺һխխС·ûˣǲò߱Լȳһ·
ǵҪȥԷ̲סʵɫЩ΢΢ѿɴǲˣԼ档ҲͶԼûʲô˼, ֻǿԼ, ׷Թƭһپܾ
Բ˾ͿƲסŭʱͻȻͣ½Ų, ˵˵һˣ
ʲôˣʶʡ
Ц˵Ȼ̷ݵ˰Դؽ, 㲻ǲ, ̷֪Էжѡ˵, ҿ̷ݸ·ʱ, մߵ·Һҳľ̵·ֻһ֪
̷ݣ˵еְ
˷֣ʳʺ̳ˣһⶼûУ
аɡ˲ϸŶӲΪصҶӺܶˣȥôϲʳζɡ
ѾſǾ޴ʻţ߽ˣֲֹйţлһ޴Ļʱ˵;ϲغѽȻйţ϶Ҫµʳ
㡭棿ɻʣʲô˼
ظһͦŵ㽾˵ǸĻųһЩǸͽ档ֻղеģͿ
Ļһ䣬ĻÿʼŹ档
ƴ󺣣׷ܵԴԣڰϵԣԽԽԴ
򴽣е㰵Ƶʣַ˽仭Ķͽй棿
ǰбĻ档۶գضĻڻֹʱźء£ʲô䰡Ŀû˼ʳ˿ʲôֹǸǿ׳ֺÿ˯һܰ
͵͵ȶһԼ˵壬ܡ
棬˽˷ݡ
ոһĳ棬ΪſվʮҪȥġ߹һףôʮ˻кüڣھˣǺôֶ˶ʮ˳
ԤУҴ߹ȥһʣԤг棬Щ˾ȻŶӵģ
ñһ㣬ҪŵĶȴӸӳ
˵õİ·ӾͲõ̫أ
ޡ
Ҳһͷһ£漴׼Ŵ˻طȥʳɣҲ̫ˣҪȶ೤ʱ䰡
˦֣Ҫߡ
׷㣬϶Ϳҵ˼ˡȻԸһԷ˵ҲеԸİɣ˵ˣͲ㣬ҪһҪʳꣿ
붼ؾ͵߰ɡ
ʶ˺̷ܱ
Ǿǰ˻㲻ԸһԷҲеദ˼Ҫԭ򣬻Ϊһ۾ͿǸȱޱһġ̷ʵޱң̷ݵϹ˿ˣΪ˳ʳޱҶҪԹˡҲβôӣ׷Զͼ٣ʡޱԼܼ١
˻һھеڣΪȻ˵İʳˡһץס˵ĸ첲Ӻ壺˾ͱˣʳĺܺóԡҪǲóԣڶԷ˼ѣѹ˵Ҿͺ˯ô
Ϊ˯Ÿ𣿶ֵ
𿴶鳤ֵµļԱЧȴһ㶼
ûһʹſŵ˷
һţʳ˱Ƕ
ǿתͷˣǳóԣ򼸸ζòã
ȻӦһҪĸһʼԡ
ҧµһڣ˱̵ù˼ȴ᲻߲ͣͣűߺźóԡ
ʲôԭôó𣿡˾̾Ŵľǩеǽϲζ
˵Ҳϲ
û뵽˹棬ղ仹бĲûе˱ĿֵߣʲԶĻңǸڵʲôòóԣ
Ȼһش𣬴˾͵ԺóԣûвóԵĶ
˶ĻʱŲɣֱҪſֵ
ţġ
ˮǲǷģˮĵǺɫ𣿻⵰ǺɫģҴû˵ʲôҰ޵ĵǺڵİ
ȿ꣬Ҫһûʳ
ʲôӹҵݹһǺ«ͷһ£𡣡
ЦŻش𣺡ӡ
ʵϾǺ«Ϊ˲֪«ʲô͸֡
ӣ˳ֵָҲҪһһҧ°Źӣֱ𣬵ᡣ
ҳͦãҪ͸Ұɡ˵
æÿŹӶġ
˾ͺɵؼ³ԣȻȷʵζֻͬǱӣϲζ
ŶӵͬͲͣȶֵǣȺѾõǶӶ뱥ˡ
رһ߲˱ǴŹ㣬ʲô
Ҳ֪ûסֱӾ͵Ҫ
ڵͷõġҪ桢Ͱ滹أ֪ǲڲʾͽ͵ûһȵһġ
ȼҪ٣˾Ҫ棬˴㰤ųҪ档
Բ
ˣԣ
ˣԣ
ðɣѹͲ֪ʲôΪ˲ô˾ûʶ˾סûʡʳܻ֪ȹ֮ЩûʳڵĲƾ汾³ΪĶǼ䣬ôһԱȣԵԻҲļٻˡ
ʲôʱղ侹
ʳ︽͵ʳʢãһ˶һľ̳ȥ
ԴԼҪ··۾ǿƲסҪľϳ
ཱུú㰡ŹȻСžͺóԣôһǳƶӰɣ㡭磡еǺӡϸֳİʲô𣿺˲ͣҰ˿⣬ʲô
˸оԼ˺þòߵǰһ£Ȳԡ
ʳһڿóԵ᲻ö¾̽ճĽ֭մͣһһ鿾Խȥ
˻һʲôζģ̴̵ġ
һ㶼˵϶ûԹɣζƲסԸࡣǸģŲ˵Ҳ֪
ҸҪ̰ɡʵòУ˾͹ȥʡ̹ȻУҪ˱Ǻͷ۵ġ
˹ཹ£ſձӺɵʣ̣Ϊʲôûζ
˾Це˵ûζֻ̣ղŶ
ˣ
˼˵ҪҪҽɰղ䣿
˿ɳܵĶˡ
ʱһཱུСһػ˹ǡѻŵϣת˻ȥ
˳ܵķ򿴹ȥ˾
ǣС߹˵ǰְָ˵Ļ𣿡
Сҡҡͷתͷ¿ˣ˵Ǹ͸Ŷǿİ黨˵õİ£ܹ׳Ŷ


72 
𣿡СߵԼֱ, ̲סЦ, ǸС, Ϳ˳СԶ򲻹Ŷ
˼Сߵ, ε, ûб֪Ҳһʱ䣬ٹ, ǲܵͼѵ, ֪ʱᷢʲô, Ҫôյˡ
˼ûвϲ̵ġһԶŪСߣҲ˳СߵĻʣʲôǰ黨
С˵ϲҲϲ, ǰ顣黨ǸĻĻ
ϵĻؿš
ŶûмĳźɫĻ֦ϸϸĲһ飬֦ССĴ̣ϻմžӨ¶顣
ǰ黨˴ս, ͦŵġ
Ҳ, ʣղеĻ
ҡҡͷ, û, ⻨ģͦÿġ
ĪЦ⻨, ġ
裿һֱ⻰С, ڼҲһô˵ϲ˱仯ģ㲻ƭǰɣ
ǵʵѹû˼ʲôǾǸ˵еĴڡûйƭޱңˣ˿̾ͷǳƭӡ
ûǵı飬ʵֻ֪񣬵֪ԻǴ𣿡
붼ؾ˵϶ԣΪԱȴ
ԣ϶Ǵԡ˷ԵԻǴԣûҪ̵ĿһֱǴԣһҲǴԣ
һԭ˺ܶߣϵ˿ǰ黨񵽵ǴƵģҲ׷׷Լ
ԣΪԱȴԳøߣ
ǴԣΪԱԸÿ
ҾԣΪԱȴԡ⣡
ǴԡΪԱԡɾˣôأ
Կɱԡ޶ˣǾ˾ԲǴԡ
۴ɽ˿ˮֺ̣ģòʾǰ
ΪǴԻԣһʡ
ΪѹͲʲôֻ⻰˵𣿿϶ܡ
ʵǴԡ˵
ǻľûˡ
۵ǴƵģ⻹
ŲæΪʵ
˾Ͷϲϣǻǵһֵ˵
ô֪ģ
ܼ򵥡Ц˵һ͸һһôó
˵һжģЩڡֻһĻǴƣҲԼԼ̰ɣ
˵һʱõһ˵ͬû񾿾ǴϷֳʤͻһ⡣
Ļдģ
˵Ҳ˵ͬʱеġſںΪԼһͷġ
һùͷһôôֵֹأ
˵ȴô첻ֱһΣֻҰޣͻȻˡͰԼһͷ˴񣬿ʼֱ̣ԽԽࡣ
е㲻֪˵ʲô
񵽵˶̣òһֱһֱɣȻϲֻ̣Ҫһ뵽ûûҹزͣ;еµġ
˺ô֪ģ
˵һƬ˵ɭһˡųİ׷ĺ룬üëҾͺסң˵ŤܲܰɭȥҾʹӦˡʼãԽԽأѹҽֱӵҲԸ⣬ҧɭ֡һɭȻƾʧˡ
Ϊʲôʧ
˵ֻ֪֪ҹһŷŽĹٿسҷҺȻԼҶ
ӣᶯ
˺ô𣿡
ʱЦЦѹ˵¡
Ϣ
Ŀǰ˵
ոõ˹ӣԴͷԸ̺ãͿôƣŶô߸Լµˡ
żڼ䣬ʳ겻ܹš
õĲǻǻѣհЩӰգһЩССѳ
»һʳһ⣬룬ϲܹţԾŪĿ͡
̥͵ĴĻ͡
ʵϲûжϸҰ¸Ϊ̡Ǿ׷ԷҲ˵ʲô黰ǿϺԲԵҰޣ˻ԲԵҰ޻ԼıĶػϼκ󣬻ˣ䣬нʽ
ǽġ
˾ֱӿһ˾̣ǲǰ£˫໥̡ʱ䳤ˣΪ̻Ҳ˰¡
ɣҲǸˡ˻ͳ˰򻻳εĻѣϰûоƾŪ̷ŵѩ׻Ǵӣǿý̻ðǵ⡣
һԶԻǽɰ»ǻûɰµǣġǰ²ԾͻڡĹרŸ˵Ųᱻ˴ŵС£ʳԻ͵˰²ҪԼȥ˲ˡ˶̶һСᣬʳˡ
õʳﱻֳһģһͬݷֱߣһһ¡
ǳһ̲סһϵСѡ
ŪôСͦÿġ
ÿǺÿе˷ѡ۾ôʹһѾ͹ˡ
˵öԡ㿴Ϸѣǵõʳﶼֳݷ߲ܷ£еռλá
밤һԡҲ̫¡
ȥһ㶼ҡһСײ˻ѣ·Ҫöޱҡ

¾ûѰ£Щ档
Сѿ㣬ᷢⰡ
㵹ûз⣬ǸоȰҪÿ
𣿿ϧѲܴͷϣȻҹһá
ǱȽϾϸġ
һѾܿΪʲôҪ
ҿЩϾûŻѣСѻ᲻ỹҪǻޱң
ʵҲŻҲܿ

ڴԼĻܵӭģ
аȣûϸᵽˡ
ǽֱȡ˻ͣôԷôԷ
죬ķÿ춼ǵӱŶӵ˲١ô˶ŵȣʱһ΢ֲڵʣڷ˷ĿյϡṩʣԷ߾ҪԱˡʹŵ˻Ǻööࡣ
ǾͲԱ룬Դˡ
½½ղ׼ΪʱˮȴʼղǼûҰµ˼ҲûгԲʳ˼ԼԼԵġ
˵ʵҲ֪ͦǵΪʲô
Ҹӽһ£ǼˮԼͻȻ


73 
ǲŪˣ鲼·ͷ׺ŲԶڳԷһƬ, üߵͬ, ʳꡣ
ˮ䡣Ϊͳˮһ壬˸ոмѲ, ͰһֱĹ, Ÿͬмѹͬ飬һ鱻벿䣬ÿмѹ˶ȥ
ں, ˮĵȻҲںǺٻᵽ½ٲǲϰԻں̫õԭ, ֮ǵһ½ضǳĲϰ, һϰ˺׵, ̫ȵⲢǾñɹȼٺ̫, ɹǻƤۡ˺һЩҩƣõİ취ǳ
ҧܣֱӦ½
ﲢʼնƽ, ʱή³ͷͷ֣Ǿͱڵһʱ뺣, ȥ½˵, ½ټӦ, ĳͷȴӦ, ѹûκεķ֮
ʮ˴Ӳ, 㶨˸ʼǰСǵĿȥĶôҪŲ֪ͳղķǰżȻ˵ղżҪʼں棬׼֡
żˮһֱ޶Եԭ
ѹͲҰµģֻºĶѡ
Ȼ治ųȷʵе߰Եʡ
˭Ҳûй涨ֻҪμżͱҵǲǣˮԲμż֪ͨղٻ΢һĴҲǲԡ
Щһ뿴żǸʲôȷһղǲд˵ôÿ
żῴһ룬ղʳֲǰԵģζ޹أֻǲ̫ϲҰ⣬ֻϲԸֺʡڳղϺЩʧҲˣʹ뿪
뿪ǰһ죬̷ݵĴֻǲûʲôȥһ۵**
ֱһİĴʡ档
Ǵû˵ĹȻղеĶΧߴߴۣòд󺣣
һǾסˡ
Щ֪ĲȲ˵֪вסںֻˮ塣
ôд󺣵Ĺòõĵ̣
뵽һЩѰˮĵصģжЩ㶼Щ½ϵô֪ΪĲһֱˮλãǲżûܵĹ
Ҳ˵ζźܴİȫ
ȻһǵĶǼ䣬ȴһĶ˴󺣣Ҫȥһ
ǰݸһξ͵͵һ죬һֹĲš
ĻȺԴĿתؿ档
ǲɱرһ£ܿջ񡪡
ӻƿʼһһԱȣҲϷƵģûҳˮʲôƵĵطͻ˴ɳ̲Աȡ
ɳֻ̲ʵûʲôͬǻǸǲе̫ˣչĺΪʲôǸؿ˶Щۣ
ɳ̲ĸоͲĥšɳ̲ɢɢЩӲǣĺһ㶼
ţˮƬ
̽ϢȷԼλñ¶˼ݡ
׷˼Ȼںܣ᲻ˮģ
ô࣬˭֪
ô½زЩһô˵Ҫ䣿ЩС߰˸**Ǻ˳ϣΧǲкܶˣͺںؽ䡣
ҾӦʲô̷ݵ˵һ˵ǿԺͻ˼һ棬ˮˣԸĻǾ˳·ǻز䡣
û⡣Ȼݵе㲻£ϴ·ÿ
㿴Ǹ˴ȹӣ֣м侹Ȼˡ˵ģƺȹҪ㣬Բõ汻ҧˡ
ȷʵǸ·鲼Ļ䵽ôŪȥģΪʲôô಻ͬɫ
Ǹ˴·ֺÿּ򵥣Դֱ̫ˣҲõһһˡ
ĬĬһۣͬʱ˵ǻȥϴ˵һ˵
ղʳѹͲڴ˵Ĺ·£ͷͦȤġǣǾʱղסһ졣

΢ЦŶǰӢ˱߲˱ǴŹҪЩʲô
ǲԶ⻰˵Χ̰һ롣
ԶɻؿԶǽ
˴˵·
··˻ӽͣ˼ʳꡣֻʳ·
ԹԵҪǸ˴·ޱҶС
ε˵Ĳ·
üͷһȦȻֹԣҽ˲Զ𣿡̾˿˵ʳﶼһݡ
õġرϸʱ߼վҪȥ˲ˣȴ˰ס˼
ʳѾҪˣô·ǲҲˣ
еô˵ͨ
þһֱŵҲ⼸ʳ겻һʳˣҪ·Ҳ֪Ի·ôתġ
˵ǱȻᰡЩҪȻ˳Ҫճ·һ뵽һȺűȻ˵Σ;ֱ̫ǵ
ֻǣײ
һȺ˴
һʵǸ·㵽
ָٸޱһ
˾ϲ˵Ҫôޱû⣬ԺʹϴǶҪҪһټ
ǲеࣿ
಻ࡣ㣬ʮһ־ûˣȻ϶кöҪôһһټƺҲҪټɡ
ô·ֱӽ鲼鲼˼ſչʾ֮ǰĳ³÷ǳεҲ϶
ᰵϲ鲼꣬ǲȱޱңʳȴҲ˷ѣʹٲԡ
һ˷һɣôǻޱġ
ҲϲҰ⣬Ǹ߲˱ҳ԰ɡ
óˣʲô㡭ˣҳɡ
߲˱㣬ûֻȲȥԺǴŹǡ
Ϻзó԰㲻Щ½ΪʲôôϲҰ⡣һжҩƵļһǴŹǣ˼¾ʡһҲûζ;úҲûѳԡ΢΢ڶԡ̵΢˵㣬˼£Ȼ֣ףôԵЩζһҰôó
ȷӦһǴŹѾһ롣ٿˣƺԵûͦġ
ʱʳǴΪĹۣЩôûҵ
ɨͬһۣűʳȻԼǰһǿ˵ǰҲ٣ôѳԵʳǽɡ˵꣬ɷ˵ͷ
ҲͬѺûקһգԱߵ˹Ϊ˸лҲңҾͰ˰ɡ

ɡ
ͷֻ߰ػһӣǳ˳飬ε˵ԲҪ𣿡ȥ̫ˣֲûޱҡ
ٺ١˵ȵľ仰һֱںǶȥ
ͷҡҡͷ̾͵
ƺ˵εޱ͡
໣ǿ


74 
֪ʲôʱʼ, ղ䴩ȹӵԽԽ, 濴ĻǴ鲼¿ˡ
ղ˴ŵ鲼¿, ˦Լ鲼ȹû鲼¿ʾʱղȴֽ鲼¿㣬һּ򵥷, ҪǷǳʺȼ·
Ҫ鲼ٵıȻᡣ
Ȼ, ǿ϶֪ʲôǱȻ, Ҳ벻õͽ鲼ɷӡǱȻԭʼµ֡
洩ĽƬΪһۿȥסظԲƬ
洩Ľǿ, ΪʵĳʲôֳӸĳƺ, ܾ̫Բз
Ǵ˴ġ˴Ĵ󻨿, 򱻽гȿ, ˼ϴ׶
ȼһ, ̫ȥ˸ȫȻͬȶȡƬռ·ӽ˻, ȳһһӿֻ˼죬ɹ˺üȡ
żǰһ죬㼰ʱϻղ䡣
һ, 㱻ڶڻ⡢Ϲ۾
˺ܳʱ, ô˿͸һһ
Ҳûϲ**, Ǿǰôһ鲼ϵ˻粻ûʲô뷨ôһе㰴಻סԼˡ
Դϴڷݶʾ׷󱻾ܾ뿪ԡһֱŴû˵ƫƧ˵Ǳ̫ʱûйˡ
ʹգ˼ۣת˿ԼŵľŬӵΧֱָ۴ƴƣֱԭ̷ݶȥ
ϵݣͱǰյʯһ
أ𾪵غòûѡϰɣżѡղ˶ڴ֮ǰǴûɹᱻѡϵġӳʼһֱղÿʳԹԼжϡ
жû̷ݵȷʵţѵûѡϣ
ôţͿԭװ˴ʯǽڴʱֻʣһ߹ȥ̽ͷ˿
աˣ
ֻѡʧܵĻôӻգǲס˰
ܾûġ͸ԱԾܾƵģѴԻҲࡣȻûģȻҪ׷
Ҫô׷أ
ûбͶԷһͷǿҰʺϲˡ
ǿҰ޲٣϶ȥɾŪԼģҪҵǷѾţܱ֮ԼŪġ
Ŀ߲ϡ
߲ޣһֻгһСҰޣëëɫɫر仯ǳƯ߲޲ÿʵͬرٶȼ죬˵׽ˣζѡ
ѵǡǡٶȣԱ˼ɵ߲ٶϵġ߲޵ʵҪҵġǿҪͬʱּУ͸ϲĴˣǱ۸ϲʵˣ֮õѡ
߲õ˺ܳʱ䡣
߲ǶҰޣ١
ҵʧܣʧսսٰܣٰŰܰܰܡֱպò׻ʤ˸ʱ䡣
߲޵ٶǿȴķˣֻȽ϶ѡ
òŪһֻ߲ޣȲװľϡ
żἴĵڶҹһҹҪżϳɹҵµǾʽģĻֻʣµİҹ
ûҪԼ߲͸ԷӦԼ׷
Ｑϻסһ·˾̷ôûˡ
˹ĿЩ䵭ɨ۶ԷץסԼӵ֣ΪǰѯʵԼҷݵ£ѹһ㲻ãѶԷ֣ػش̷ݲûˣǻµطˡ
µط
˹ᵽԷϵѪƳѪصľûֱӻĻǷʣҪȥ̷ݣ
ͷ
˹ʣˣ
ǡҡͷղġ
˹ʣջ𣿡ȻΪղˣô᲻֪ݰ·ӵ¡
ûȷʵջز䡣˵
˹һ⻰ɫͺһ㡣
ǰ·ãصҲû˵Ȼؼһµģ̷ֱݶӦǷݵϹ˿͡
ôϲʳ
۹⡣
۹ˣ˹ʮѺõġ
˹¶һЦݣҪȥ̷𣿡
ԡȥ˲һ̼˶ԷͻӦԼĥĥôʱͲãҪץС
˹Ȳ⣬ھ͵ҲҪȥ̷ݣ˳·ɡ
˵ظлһ뼧˹ľٶȸ㡣
˹п޵ءš¡
һ·ϣڼѹԼļ顣
ʵļҲȫΪϲ˵ϲеģҪ˵ôҲáʼǱʳԷµ뷨ܾʧУĸ࣬ʹһΡ߲˺ܶʱ䣬˺ܶ࣬ЩּĲġ
ڣΪģ¾ֻΪ˲Ե߲ޣԼһͰ׷ѡ
³˹ֵעӡ٣Ҿеš
ţԶҪţʳ
ͣͺóʱûȥ̷ˣе㵣ġ
ʲôʳﲻԣ
˸˼˵Ҿǵķ֪ǲǵҡ
˹Ŀˡȥ˷ܳԵʳﲻΪʲôҪܱ˼ǲǵãǵѲɻޱ
ǺǣԲܡ
ľŹʮӣͿ˰ᵽ·ӵ̷ݡ
ô𣿡ղδйĲʯһ£ŲǾ޴ʻţԼʯڷ˲֪ٸӣЩԻȫڳԷʱ˲òˡ
ԭǸҲСķô̶ʱͱôˣ
ôԷˣ뵽϶ҲǼǴſųĶ顭
ôһһֻ߲޸òְ
Ȼеˡ
˹˴طһſڣ˹Ųֱͣŷȥ
ںߺҪŶӡ
˹ͷص˵ҲŶӡ
űģֻ˳һ䣬ô˵Ҳû׷Ϊʲôľźãڼ˹Ҳ߽
㲻Ŷӣ˹
֧֧˵ҡˡ
˹ŶֱӴ¥ȥһ¥ͣ£ȥ˻
ҡȥ˸кʣ𣿡
̧ͷһۣǡǸģ
ҡ˳ǡ
ЦǻҪ׷ɣ
ֱӳϣǵģܰҽһ𣿡
£뵽ȥļ˹ͻȻеͬ
аˡҵ
ں˵֪һ˵İʲô⡣
֪֪Ҷеˣ¥Լȥɡ
¥Ӻܶ࣬Ҵ˿ŵҲҡ
ߵſڣһ۾ʲô
˷ûסе
̧ȥǸҰԡ
£ǵ˺ڲ䣬Ϊ֮ǰöˣö඼ܵԼҰѾһһӿռת˺öҰ޳䲻ˣʶԷǾԼ⣬Ҳ˰ɣ
һ㾯衣
ѹ֪Щʲôֱ⣻ҽɰ°ɣ

顢£ð죬кűӵңң
ģ˸βʹѵ̽ļ˹ġ


75 
˹
һƽͲ̫ʱñȹײĸǻӲͣشڻ, ôһ˲, 벻ֱܲӰǰҪ˾ô
˫΢΢, ɫͫ׼һߣһգգض˲ϣöϸϸĸƺҪ̴Էĺ
ǡ㰡ʶ沱ӣ־Լľٶ̫Ī·, ż˹һеɷЦ͸ֿһ㣬˹˲, ŵæЦ
һŲ˵ֻ¶һʧЦݣڼ˹ͳЦЦ
˹촽
ʮȷ, ղԼ
ǡ
˹Ȼ´ǣ˱һһһҵϣ㡪°ͣҳ
£
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񾭱Ƚϳٶ, ֻ˹Щ, ûж롣˹ȥ, Ҳ΢˿
ոһͳ嶯˵ҪԷԼİºͺˡ
õĵһ仰Ǹġ
˵˲С˵Ǿ仰ҲӦ˵ġ
úܺ, Ҫ߲, ԼƯ߲ƤëԵøǿ׳ÿ, ߲޵ѪҺСԼ¼ѪۣƸ׺͡
Ҫ߲𾪵ʱûȻں˵
ҳΪ£ֻ߲޾ġ
һ·Ժ顣ȻǱ̷ݰһ֪ᵽ·ӲҼµ̷ʱʱֻһ仰ҪޱңһԱȣٶ༸ֻ߲޶ǲôķʱƻõӾͱޱҸҵκˡ
߲޻ľһֱ˵ҪĻ
ʱ䵹ˣ߲ϧˡ
ֺڵʱ򣬼˹ˡ˵ʵûȥôע⼧˹ⶼһֱ͵͵ء˹ȥһʱ˫Ŀò
ȥ𣿺úúãߵ˹ǰͿȥɡ
˹˹һζ˷ӺԺС
û̫㶮ķչ̣룬ͷԼ¡
лֵܣһ뿪ߣ̷ζˣҪȻҿ϶ҪܾҪ֪ɹʧܣϣ߲ˡֻҪûĻشΪԼлᡣǣһ˷ӣȲҪȥԼ߲׼ս
м£ˣȻ㣬㲻һµĻ
ҽ⡣˹ƮƮĽŲ
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Ұ˵Ŷˣǻû౨֡
˹ʣ׷
һź˼ص˵ͷ
˹ЦЦ˵֮ǰѾܾˡ
ǡǵġЦ˼£ǲǲö˶֪˰֪֪ɣĸаǰҪܾöεġ
аˣ
СĻؾԼҲԵôһֻ߲ޣֻ߲ޣ㲻̴ӦңӦҲϾ;ܾҵġ
Ǻǡ˹Ц˼£ĵ˵߲£Լȥɡ
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Ҫҵ߲ޣ֪Լ׷ģҪԣӦĴ˲ԡܵһȴĲԾ͸ˣǡʶ
˹߰صͷİ¡
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˹üûֻû
ܡоݵ˵̵ģǸԣôĳһĶͷŶ֪ˡһҲ׷ԡؿż˹úƭķƭҷԲԣߣ治ҪԾʹϰ͵͵ЩСֶʲô
˹ͣȴƵطֹСߵԼȷʵͲ
Ҫộ
˹еŭ˵ɴֱӶ֡
ûʵǿôԣ
˹һ֣ʮϸϸı__Χĵϣһ
ʾһһɫ΢𣬱˱һֻ޴ܡ
ֻצӺݺڱϣꡱһȴǱˣֹܵˡ
໡ֻצʹż˹С۾
мսʿôܱԷӾŪùͷˣ
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±Σ˹赭дļ֡䡱ѹصΡ
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һĪƾճڵ˰ͷ֣ԼҲʹһˡ
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˹Ц֪˱ܺòóԣĻ϶ǳó԰ɣ
ĸζڲˣ
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ΪְֻʳôʵҲôǿǿԼƵı
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л㱵ذ˷ų˵¡¡ˡ
һܾƵܵøˡ
׷Լţô̬ȱô죿ңѶԷһ䡪ûⰡ


76 
Ϊ˶ͷ, ˹һ춼òԾһζôǵĶ, ֻǼ˰ְûͷ, ˹һΡ
μԼֱ˺ĳֻ̡
ƬԼռΪ̵˳һ·˺ܶģɢŸζˡ
ûǡˡ
֮ԲΪˣΪϴεξ˹Щ˲ܱΡûиһǿ, ǵ״̬ȴ˵״̬Ҫܶࡣô򶼺ص˶û, ǿѪģųжٻĽй۶˫ø첲úܿ졣ȸ첲ҲˣǾźĴ, ǰǰɡݲͣҧϣһֱùֱǵԴ¡
ԴЩ˲Ż, Ǽ˹ڽü˺ŷֵġ
֮ǰ, ö, ǵǿôɱЩ˺, ȥ͵̳ԵԴʯͷȴҲŪ, ̵ɫʯͷʱ˹Ҫܾòܼһ, ļ˹ɽ
һ·, ˸ָûĶ
֪ʲô̳ƽ̹·, Щֻһ㣬ЩȴܸߺܸߣеĻǳÿ˹ǽϿԼӰдʯɼһԵ·кܶľһĸӵĳȴľӲ̡˹ϲʲôģͽӲˡ
˹ȥЩ￴˿еӦǵס˵ģеķźܶһģһƷ˹²ǵֻ̡ĶʶЩһ֪ʳЩֻܡ
˹Ȼ˲ٺóԵʳرһװڹĹĵĴʳĴģҧꡣ
˹һǹ꣬кܶװôʯɵĹǿ飬ɫеееĴŨŨζ˹ϲζǿ飬Сǿȫߡ
䷿Ӳȫ¼˹ӴĴڵ£üǽڶβͲСĳ˿
ءһ죬ǽٴ¶ƶ
˹˦˦βͣתҪ뿪ѹһյķ䡣úܿ죬ûע⵽ƶǶһĨɫâһšǵâһɫβʱ˹Ҳ̾ͷӦҪȻȴڰзֻɼʮϸϸٶһ˲÷ɿ죬ֱӾͰѼ˹βͽز
˹ŭؽţŤͼϵЩ֪ЩʲôֲԽԽ˹еǰģ
˻ԴһĺСЩΪܵȻ΢΢ͣһ¡Ҳֻǰ벻һ£˿˹ƾôȫʵʵ
ֻ¶һŴԴ
һ룬Ǹٿ˳ڼ˹ǰ
˹ŬƤȥͫȻһ
Ȼ
ûʲô仯ͿȥҪ
һߵ˹ǰΨһ¶ĴԴ˼Ȧƺܾȣеϲáֹϲ˵һ䡰׬ˡͰ˼˹ϡ
һصȻ˹Դ
ôܣıȴü˹ʶֿ
Ҳ̫һϣѱΪֲӰ˯ļ˹˹ȥ
ιȥɲǣ˹Ժһӡһ֪ǳԸǱǿӽȥͷԶܷĴڡ

˹͵شӴǵ϶𣬼˹ȴһҲȥԴﷴŵĶΡ
ֱ˳̣
˺ܶĶ˺ܶûԹζʳΣξ
֣׵ؾͰһưΣûһ㷴
ôô
ѵΪרŰˣ
ΪʲôҪרεҪҲε˰ԼȥŶ԰
ôôôֵΣ
˹ü˼ڤ롪
ӦǱһĳģΪһֱű˶ͷԵʡΪʲôһƾ˹벻ͨܲĵʵ뱻һٰɣ
˹εʱ򣬿ʮԼǵļҳ˷ݡ
ǿյһμĶַͯڷźöûѹϲĶ
Ǹʲôָһһб쳣⻬ĳʯ壬һ̨׵Ķʡ
ǸлݡЦָС߹ȥʾ
ССƨɾ̨ȥٴһͷಡػ˵װëĳëڼ£Сָ첲еί˵ְ֣ݵӰֱսˡ
СԴͨͨ±СЦ͵͵һ飬ȴĽؿС̾ͰѲ˼׵⡣
ܺաССظ˵ѧҿԽǣ
˼ҳǿڣһȺС̾ӿСߡС߰ͷͦŻûͼѵǳݣʼݻʽԴС
ʮֻͨͨëƵĴӻϹ£๾࣬һ¹Ľӡ
ⶫŻͦģܲһ棿գ۾ʡ
Ц˵԰ܶľС
˰ɣȥ͸һն˼ҳ˵ֶ꣬˸㣬ǼЩС̵İ裬Ҳֵµսʿ
붮յǱ̨ʾԼ˸ס
ǶҾģȴӲսʿʼȻסڲˣ
̽ʣ֮ǰǼͼ˵أ
ζЦ˵ǰڿǺ޲ðԼǼֻǰͼѵ̣ԣҪѵ̺ܶ࣬ôչȥո˵ضɹмѣǸ߼߼УֻмѾ㹻ղѿĴʵΪǼ䡣
һ뵽Щվٴμᶨ˾Ҫľġ˵ﻹһǿԡ
ۿݵռ˾Ͱĵ뿪ˡСߴ棬úüϸտǣȥæżˡ
żһ죬ƻʱ򣬽żһڡҵµǾаʽ
ʽɲУĵص㶼סѵϡβһصѡܻӭʳꡪǰټĿյϡ
ʽпյ˶ʽɻԴףֲҲôҪԵʳǣѡŴʳĸæȻеģһ˵ʳӣǸˡҪμӽʽˣԼպػսʿʳ
֮Ҳ١
ƻ٣Ϧͣ޺𣬽ʽʼˡ


77 
װҰѪҺľͰ, ڷڷſڴĸ̨ܡ̨룬Ǿ޴Ļ, ľѾȼ, ܴü׸ߡ
̨, нʽ͵ʱȫ, ΧŸֱ̨ĺͣ
պƯ鲼¿㣬ֻΧƤȹƤȹƵ, ܾܿãƤкܶ໮ۣƤëһһһ, ɫ󷢺ڡ
ֹǿ, е˶鲼, ԭʼƤȹ¶Ǹ׳, ʵļ⣬ϻǳ, ̲һݺύ˰̡
ҲòӦػƤȹ
ţһֻҰްƤëɡ˹ָһ㶼ûмƤȹ
ΧƤȹ, һֱĥĥ䵽ʽʼ, ڲò΢˹˷䡣
ֻʶסƤȹ, е΢΢Ρ
ΪֻƤȹԭ, Ͼ, ҲǸԡ, һûʲôˣ˵ƤȹҲͶһ
鲼ȹˣһƤȹʲôֻǾͲƤȹһڿ̹û⣬̹ܴˡƤȹộڲڵѹûȲõȥ
ϧ˶ôҪҪ׸ڿ棬ǲҪ˵Ŀ⡣
е߷ߵֻðǻ߳ȫתƵԼϡ
˹ƤȹСƤðֱ㡢С˶ΣҲСߴƤȹ
ְ֣ܲС߾ƤϵëëСüͷʡոſڴ⿴ˣС̶ǹģƤȹǲﲻԣ
ᶨܾŶ˿ġ
С߾ʣǲÿ᲻֣
һ㶼֣ĻһɤŲԾһЩôñǶԵģִ֪˭ģ
ַ˻ҲʽȷʵûҲƤȹ
߾͡_شϡ
Ŀƣ·ĶƤȹǰҲһһεӣԴ̲ס뵽ô󣬾ͲǸʲô̸ĥû
˹עӣ־°ڣġ˹֣µر֤ڵġ
۾ۡ
Сƺ¼ܣҲԼƤȹ˵ְ֣Ҳ·𣿡
ϽԴҡɲ˹ġ
ôɰôѧô·ƣ
һƿǰб¶ĴߣͻȻͿʼ̵һʱûеʲôĲõļܡ°׼ȽʽͺúһСߵǿ£ǣС߳˷䡣
һӣ۵ľһƬȺ֮񡣲ǲμӽʽĻǲμӵģ󲿷ֶΣһͬ޺е㱻ǺеѪ
һǰQûĸʳָ󶯵ġ
侲ˣֹޣ
վڸ̨ϣŸҪаʽһԶϸ̨
վȺǰ棬עһҪ
һоȻղ䲻ޡ
һǿ׳˽ղĴһӿϣһֻ첲߸߾𣬡໡һͷҰ޳̨Ȼڿǰɲ
Цݲãɫе㲻̫õµһ鵥ϥڿǰ
Ҫɰ¶𣿡ʡ
˸뺰ԣ
յͷԵսʿ˵Ѫ
սʿͿߵ̨Եһ˿һװѪҺľͰͷˡˢؾͽȥ
Ѫֶͣ£໥סҰ޵ѪҺζؿ
ͰѪֿѪ쿴߻Ŀա
յһ֪ʲôʵĳһǸεӣӻȼʼӾһֱƣʱͨͨ΢Щ;Ƥʹ
ˣȷҪղ𣿡
˴Ц˵ȷ
աš£ֱӾͰѹպĵһ水˵ĸ첲ϡ
ڡƤƵζƮɢڿУʹ죬ͷֱð亹۾ȴ¶ĵЦݡ
ֻҪղİ²ʸμӽʽЩҪߵģȥ˱ĲǸǾнʽ
Ƭ̣ľŲ˸첲һͷӡ
̲࣬ÿ䶼Ҳû취ʲô˶ʽ൱أղӡˣԺղ䣬ͻޣΪв׷ɱĶ
Ȼ涨ǹ涨᲻в䶼ʵ˵׼ˡ
οӡҪϵҲܼ򵥣ӡǵǿС
ܱѵĽʽҲУǾǽֻѡߵ޼
ֻҪղ˲Żᱻӡղ˲á۴ƶУڶԱϸ̨ղ˽ʽģһĴˡ
˱ӡڸ첲ʱӲҧûзһߡ¶ѪҲ壬ֻܿ¶һݼҪѴҧơ
ʽϣٴοԼİ¿첽̨£濴ֵ˸Χסˡ
ΧŴ԰䣬˱һƻǴһȭͷ׷׽ϵѪմԼƤϡ
ѪʮҰ޵ѪҺϳɵģѡĶǳƤëۼƯʵҲǿҰޣ˵ǽ˻ѪǾͻֺÿǿ׳̡ǵ˴˽ϵѪôܿҵòʵİ¡
һ˾ʽʽʱСָཱུȻ˴ĸ첲
ְ֡С۾ʣҲ𣿡
ʲôûӦ
˹һ붮ûСǲ֪𣬡Ҹְǽ
ʲôǽС߲ʡ
˹Լһ飬꣬ԸΧʮŶ͵ĴԴ
ڶкö˲֪İ£Ӻܿ˾Ӧȫ֪˰ɣ
˹Դ룬䲻ͰѪ˲óѪˡ
˭ң˹һ£Ĩ˰ҪѰҸˣһƳܵʱѪ
ŭͻȻĪôûˡ
ʽ̨Ͽպŵ˦Ƥȹһ߲ʹâ𣬿ձΡ
һֻëɫ׵ĿȸϸĲ߰𣬳βһһչҫ۶Ŀڿа輸Ȧؿ˾޵Ŀ⣬Ʒצɹ޴ľͰն
໡
ӦٻΡ˹Ҳ⣬ֻܹԼɱʱκһ׶Σ˵˹һŽǵĴߡ
ûͼѵȻñ䣬ȽεľСˡ
ǰͼѵ¿ջûȥ˿СһССû׼Ҫ¶ڡԼǸǸ䲻εķޡ
ҪþԼСŪ䲻ߴ͸ֱӾͰ

ûпڳˮ̫ô죿


78 
Ҳ˶ڴʽľ, еһνʽһ̡
ΪŽʽģǻӭ˵ղ䶨ӵĻӭᡣ
ӭҪЩʲôܼ, ֻҪſӴسһͺˡ
ҲܾسԣһޱңʳȫɸʳӦ, Ȼ˻Ҫ
֮ղҹҹεӡ
, ڵȵʱ, ҿרΪҹûԷ
ҹҲһûԡ
ҸһʵÿżҶҪպüҹĶ, ˭εżðһ̷أʵǿƲס˫ԸҪޱҵְ
, Ҳǡ
ʵɣҾÿղնӶһҾһ, ʳҪ˭ģ
ǻ˵, ϶ǳİ
ⲻ͵ˡٶʳﶼ϶, ӿ̫Բϼڿ۲, ٸռ䡣
⻰ǵõ˺ö˵ͬ, Ȼϧʳ˵ǰڳԵĻᶼûС
˵ڴУһѶѴõʳıǷֱ˳
Ը̨Ϊ, ʮʹáǰǱҪ, ֻռ, Ҫһ, ռʣµ, ȫԲ
λʼ֡
ռҲ̾ȫעĿ
ռ, ΪǰˣǵİڰæռֻĻǰվԼĸȫûˡ
û֣
ռô
˭֪Ȼռˣǿ϶õϡ
òôҲǻԽ࣬ʳþԽζһأ
пܡҼһʳͱһʳģȻãҲ
ż룬ǳԹʳˣٶеäĿΡ
ܵҡͷЦЦǰĻæרŸƳĳʯʼʳ
Ȼûôʱ䣬ǶȽʳһ׼ֱӼϰĿ˲̱쿪
Ǵ󲿷ѡĶǿ⣬졣
ع۲²һʳľȻǳƬͳ˿ⱻгһģһƬ˿ôֱӷŽ淭˵ǳѾӽըˡƬӷ˺ܶǺһ֭Һ˿˴ﻻȥ
ܾʳĻѿصòô׼ǸĥƵġ
ע⵽ߣ󷽷Ťͷͺʳ￴ôרĥĺʱʳ취
һ䣬ҲҴţֱӽ㳴ʱȹһЩкõһס۹ٿŴ򼸿Ź޵ȥĻóһ㡣
𣿡ӻɵüһɵӣȴԴؾͺ˳ȥЩס۹ӳֵҪһЩ޵
ȥˣЦЦתæԼġ
δʳļȫǹޣû취˭԰޷ֳ죬һպóżĵһܽԼţ˳Եÿģֱ
򿾻æһȺͬȫǽȻͬĻ硣
ȼˣôҶԵİɡ
бõĹⶼǰƺõģ˿óֱʡһ뾢
׼й޵۹⣬δнƬζŹֱӿ
׼ˮ޵Ĺһڷô˹أĩͻǡҲ˳Ū˽֭װͰһֻһֻŽһ߻ϼܵĹõĽ֭һǺȦͼ̵ҰˣΧĺ֭ž̲ס
ֻ˵Ϊӽ˺ܶӣζķ㣬̫ûԹӵʱһӹޡȰϴпˮݵĹ𷭳Ƥʢͱн˽ǻ·⣬ӵڹ֭ɫεζˮ˵֭С
˺˿ôлĩܲ˿蹾˿
һҰزˡ
Ļȱ࣬ٶȴһ㲻Ҫ΢һ㡣ʳҲĿԶԶؾΧ˱ǣǵһãȵÿ첻ͷӵϡ
ǶԴͲġ
еĳԾͲˣԴȥ׼ô˵ĳԷþߣ
ʳʲôҪ
ۣģô𣿡
ú찡Ƿ˺ܶ𣿡
Ƕӱ߿ֹۿԼϵ룬˼ЦЦǸЩʳȲܸǳԡ
ΪʲôǻϲñͷһͰˮʱȫû
ԹӺȻˣҪЩ˺½˳ԹʣµĲֵǳԡ
⻰ȫ˶ŹôЩôܻʣģ
ǿƲסſˮԹ߶һƤ
ͬƤĻղĴǡ
ôûԹʳԭ󵱼ʹȵذ˰֣ںصʲô˵ģȸʢһЩʣµľЩ˷˰ɡ
ȡԹʳĴżؾҪֹȻѾǷڣʢˣǾʢøȥ
ллˡǷʳת໥¶һƻЦ
Сʱ׼ʳͱһա
̨ϵĿռȴԵúܲζ
˻ζ𣿹ˬ
һߵ֭̾ǹôôóԣ
ϧûˡͬ̾
˭˵Ҫʳ˳Եģһ²һ鿾⣬ȴôԡ
Ǽ˴˸ڵóӶˡ
Ҳû뵽ôó԰
ǺǡղЦһ£ڵþûƤˣǾȥһɡ
ֻܿЦŵͷ
Ƥ㣬ִƤӲһŸһһСľͻᱻǵĴҧءû취˭ǵˡ
ʳ˹ԸҲ
ǿһ󻶺ȿֺ˹ȥһ
ܿ챻꣬˹ŷطרŸı
ʵѾܽбˣΪǷϵһֻɰСޡë˺֣һë޵Ĵβֻͣë޵Ĵ򡣲ǺܺÿȴҲֱܷΡ
˹Ϊ˰䲻λѹʧ˼ٴβġ
̰סȴ󲽳ȥЩԹʳԭ̷Ϲ˿͵Χ壬㵸ӭģиġʲôҰ޵㰡Ç񣬻ò¡
ȵʵ˼ܾ
һ𣿡˹
ʶתһ̫ղһײ˼˹ϡ
˹첲£õı޳¡
žڵϣβˤˡ
˹˲ڵøһ
ϲ裿˹Ѫʣȥһ߱ȱȡ
Ϳ˹ߵ˱ȿһѹı裨䣩
ΪСļ϶ϳصıֹʲôų


79 
ż, һ˰źȻš
һţ̧˾ʹҪ˵
ǰ磬˳Է, Ŷ¥, һֱԶľ, кܶŶӵšȴż, Ϊż, ȼ, βûгȥ㷹, Ҳųԡ
, ̷ݵٶȷǳ, һĿֵȵҲһǳó, ߳ԵЩ, ߸ΧͬŶӵϹһ, ֪ľͺֵܿˡ
Ǹ˰ű̧ʱ, Χ۾ȫ˸š
, Ǹ˸òǿ̷ݳԷ˶, װ˰ɣһ̷ݵϹ˿ͽſ
˲ͬ˵㿴亹ˣ治
, ͳ, ʱԼԼһͰˮװġ
װòһ, ô
żǱЩнʽ˻Ҫͷ, Ǿûע⵽ʱɫû׼˾ĳһġ
˼Ҫ
ûܰעҪʧܣҿǴ̷ݳֿʼһֱԶˣܲƭҲ֪ǾԲǵġ
Ҹ࣬Ҳϵ
˺ʱľЩ˶Էݱĵĳ
ǲ²ȻҲ뵽ˣ˵ͷһΡ֮ǰֻһѡĲԣ°ӡżܵ˾󲿷˵Ļӭֲǲ
һ˰ڳһʹʹŲµҪʲô
װģǾͻһҧǳʳų⡣
ҪķҲܼ򵥣ﻹסһڶδҩҺʦһ˵֤ûãҩҺʦĻû˸һɰɣ
Ȼ没ˣһúøһµġʳԲֳԻ˵Ҳûˡ
Ǹɵˡ
ȻǸ˵ĵһֱۣԷȷʵ岻
Ϊ˻⣬ԼŪ
ֻͦݡ
Ŀ΢΢ҪԼľȥ鿴˵嵽׳ʲô⣬Ըļ˹ȴҪһ
Ϊʲôܣ˹ɨһۣ᲻أȴһ޷
Ǵ߾ѵǵһμüңջؾôȷһ¡
Ǹ߼սʿ˹һûмѹ̾ͺ޷ʵʵ˵滰
˵ĻЦݽʧüͷ΢΢
ǳʳų⣿
ģղĴԽɰºѡղղμżᣬһγԵľ̷ݵʳͳװʳѹȥһ۱ʳ
仰˵Դղ䣬ûԹʳ
ӲҪڳʳҵʲôͬǾǰһ죬ԹԼԱʳ
ҴʳﶼԼģ⡣ǿ
᲻ԭ˸͵͵ĨʲôݣΧ۵ڲµ
ܣ붼ͷˡȻѾղ䣬ȴԼԭĲʲôͬμż˲ԭˣѡ
ʲôܵġ˵׼ΪΪ˸ղ䣬Ǿ㱳أ
ġ
һ߲˵ֻǷݵʳǻصԼأ㲻ٳԶܲˮûȰɣ
⡭˳ˣˮȹѵˮ⣿òĹִ˰ɣ
ˮûġ˵ͬ˵Ƕȹˮ
һģ˵Ļ𣿡
㡪
ˣ˵ˡǣȻӳһ侪ӵĻ᲻ȷʵΪʳ⻰˰ۿ׳һ°ҲѵըԶʳҪʼмˣԲŻеܡ
ˣ
֪ǳԼʳ⣬þ鿴塣һӿ֫ٺĤ˿ڷ츲صı仯
Ϊ֤ʵԣͻȻŭһ˲֪͵˦ͬ飬һϱΡ
һֻǡɫƤëë
ǰ𲱾һĳأֻһ忪ʼסǴžĹһһëƵķɿ䳤һ˲˺üȦֳִ֣֫צڵһȣ̳һӶ
мѽ׶ΣüѣҪĻܡ⡢ʵӲθ߰׳һʹࡣ
Һ̲㳤ŰСʱ˵βٷ仯̱ڵϣ˺ð죬Ρ
εǿ׳֫ý޳ʵǸӣθ˿ʮס
ĿʮףƲסе㼵ˡ
Ҳмˡ
в֪мսʿ˭мսʿŻеģ
ѾˣֻҪȵռֲ죬ʱ޵Ȼӭж⡣
һ˵Ҳ¹ʣһθ
ⷴתǴҲ벻
ͬû뵽ͷöмѾȻǳЩʳɽˣжôмͲö˵ˡ
һżͷݵĴ뵽Ķʳмѵ¾͸һףըòնðûӦ
𾪹ȥ󣬿նԱŵҲ̲סЦӣǸջĥôһмѵû뵽Ͱ˸š
һǲָʾ
ղҪˣ
ӹŰҲֳһ仨뵽ܿҪԴսֹסؿ
żõʳĶҪȫ˵
յͷʳģޱҲҪôҪԵʳ
ôʯǷҲҪСҪپ͸١
һ㷿Ҳò˶ٴʯ͸ɡ
Ҽǵ˵Եһѡõ֦еȤҲһ㡣
ǸԼְɡ
ҲС
ȻҴ粿ϴ󾢽ֶˣɴϲһ·Ҳɡڷϣ˭ȥ̷¡
ӳ̾˿ֻҪԴսֻﵽһ㣬ģܾ
֪òĵĹޣʱдڲ·ϡ
ըõ׻ᡢֶ˳Թȷϲ󣬾ʹһӣֱ
¸ҹʼÿҹǷݾͷһ档ʵϹĵĵӰǲʲôеӰɴͽ档뿴ҪޱңʱϷݹź󣬵ʱֻǳԵ⼸ʳ
缸֪ͨҼˣ˿һ˵ǾǺؿͼᣬһ󱭿֣һ߽ˬһظ֤
ģһ֪ͨ˵ģ
Ҫ컹ûȥñ˵žС


80 
ֻһ磬̷ϹźŴǿϢͼղ䡣
ղǶ, Ǵʲô, ʲô
ʣһݳԷִ¸ߡ
ôûڣٶĥĥԷ˻ǵһξʱ
ǰ, ôڡҲŸ̾һ䣬ĩֵѣιι, ʳٶٷ㣬ǶռһλáǶռһλ½˾ͻһλáǻû, ҪҲԶˣ³Է˭֪ҪԶã᲻˶Բꣿ
СĻ˲, ˶ǳǵС˼ϵڰˡ
Ⱥòڰݹ, õϢ֪ͨԴСӵ̷׷ӿ򷹹ĿյϣŵӾͿʼռ
һȺҼ, ԶúѾȥ˿Сʱ
ˣ˶׼ˣʲôʱŰ
ʱվ, ʾҰ¶˿ЦŵʱԷ, ֻǷŴǰ, ҪȽһ¿Ҫޱҡ
治֮ǰĹһѿ, ҪޱҲܿһҪһٸޱң۸ŷҪŴϢһͬ˳ȥĿǰǶ׼ڽޱҵʱͦʹ졣ֻǡ
ǽޱҲܿ棬Щޱҵ˲Ҳܿ𣿡
԰ôһĻڰգЩԸ⽻ޱҵˣվԶԶͬܿ
ǲе㲻ƽ
ҿǴҪЩռС˵ᵽƵӣȻٻ棿
ͬ⣡
ۼߣվҪȥɼܣæסǣ͵ҷģ뵽ˣǰޱҵġ
ģ
ģ
ޱңҲŶԴڴѵĴС߳ˡ
һ̣һ־ʹһƬ˿ˮĵʳըִƵͼ׻̱Ƥ΢ļᣬһ˼˵ߡ
㰡ǲԼͬض˶ӣȲʣʲôóԵģ
΢Цһһͣըǹǹ⻨˰ס۹ըģǲе񻨣ʣù޵ĳըģѡĵطζԵĻԳŴ滹ûʼţȥһ򡣡
򣬱򣡡
ұŲһ߿棬һ߳Զźû뵽ԭʳҵĶӰ
ը⣿ʲôͬ𣿡
ǣһѷһȥȥҲȫҪҲ⣬Ǯװʳ
ö౾ֻѹ濴ǣĲҲԶԶƮʳкü̲סܹ˿ޱңѸٳʳ
׼ʳܳ㣬ǰСʱȥϴװõЦطλ
һһż׻һ鼦ᣬһڼ˱Ŀ֣ûдţֻǳԵЩʳҲֵˡ
ǽܲ˿ֵζû뵽һͦϲġ滹ȼѹҲı飬ֲúȣֻű飬Ͳ÷ȥ

ɫ˷ܿ콫ǺͰеľ޴ĻΧ£ЩԶԶվŵȴ沥ŵǣȻͷǳֻܿһƬãã̷ǻĻͨͨӰ
ͬһʱ䣬ǣҲĳ
𣿡
Ȼôǿ󣿣
̽ȴûκһ㶫ϸһͷǼٵġһʱ䣬˲ԼͬյĻһο϶Ĳ²⡪
̷ݱ󣬾һǿ󵽳ľѻˣ
ѽ濪ʼ!˾һԼԲŵҲʲô󲻻ˣߡˢؾͶͶĻ
һƬУǳ̷֡ݡĸ֡ǵȻʶ⼸֣ҲҪʶֻҪܵͼƴ¼סԺһ̷֪ݾͿˡ
Щ谵ĶѨһͦŴӵĴƤϡ˫հݣ˹ֻжӴˡ
Զվԡһǿ׳λžͺܸߡһͣһӣŻǵ۾顣
峤ӱŪݵ˵ֻҪʮҹȴʮҹûһ̣䣡جˣ
峤üҪôŪ
ĶӣĶͳӵˣѾ˸ҩţö֡
һѹǵ˴˵ĶƤǶһʿ֣Զһ
ۣôǿ򣿡
𣿡
ǽӶеؼ¿
Լģ˺峤˾ţ֮Ʒ򣬽ǵݺݲ򡣡ꡱѿһ죬ĳ
޳÷۵·ֱӣϹһĴԲȦֻһſֵ
׳Ŀֵ顱һԴϣΡֵַ峤ͷϣҲˡٻؿֵ̤ſӡಡԶȥ
ֵԭ˵𣿡
ܵӣ
һεһṆ̀ڶ˵ͼѣȻôʱųʲô䣡
ʼԼաǿҰޣƭˣһ⣬ùĲǱĿֵǱŸ򲻹ģͲſ֮󼪡ŲΣգ𽥳󣬳Ӣˣĵˡ
һĻ
Ϊֹսʮҹ󿾳ҲˣֵҲûˣڻòʤ
սʿ
ǿĻ˺۵ޣۿͨĳݵ˵
𣿸ղǻкܶڿսʤˣΪʲôû˳һ
Ļ۾ϡ
أˣд̲ס
Ȼһ룬Ļ޺Ȼۡ
Ťͷ۾ƺ͸Ļˡ
Ĵһ㹴𣬵ͳɳƵػܻġֻҡ
ǣ
꣬ǻһʣСֱ͵ȺⱦԼԱ
ͬѾҼ͹ˣɽʲôľͽǰɡ
˵ʵԼĹеСС߳ܵģҲΪܿĿת
˹С߿һʣṆ̀ż𣿡
㿴ˣССĲοһµĳࡣ
˹ƴһ֣Ǻ𣿡
ֻǲο


81 
ȥûȥ̷ݷŵĴ棿
ȥˡұվԶԶ͵͵, ܷܲЩʲô, ͻȻðǶΧ, Ҿʲôûϡ
Ҹһֱˣ
߸ʲôѵޱô

ȥޱˡ
ˡ
㡪
, ˵̷ݣܵҪֵǲǣ̷ݵôƻ, ԲһЩûõĶҾͻȥ˿
㿴ʲôûУ
СǸ棬ҶûǸսʿǺõĻǻġٱǸը⻨ʲô, ҾñȿóԶ, ȫȥ
Ŷ͵ôըˣ
̵, ϶͡鲻Խ, Щ룬ϸҹųˣ͵ȥô, ҪΪѵ˵´ηŴ, ٻȥһΣ
ûˮһǳԸ㡣
Բ, ұʳջˡ
ˣھȥ֪ͨ˹
ڣҪ𣿡
ҪҪ죡
Ϊʳζ, ûҳ̷ݵ, Ծ˶˵̳ȥˡʮӹȥ½½˽
ôͻȻҪ֣
Ҫôˣ
ʡ
һֱڷ˻ӻʾǰ, ԴصصԴ̷ݳղ, ʳԷ˾ͱԽԽ١ż, Է˺ܶࡣЩ˵ʳٲֻҪǵһ죬Ͳõʳȥǲһ˺ȻҧгݵһԵӡǸ̷ݵһѵĶǿ̷ڣǾͲҪǣ
ʳĲ˼ҺóԣҲûĸ˳ʳмˡȥǳҪصԼʳ꣡
Ǹô죿̷ݱ˵кǿսʿ˺Ӵ˶ͦǸ
ǶҪǱˣ϶ᱻϳ䡣
ǺˣЦʣʳҪţǶԸͨսʿһȥԣ˱׷һʳûˣֻܿԶѡ뿪ղ䡣
Ҳڣֻϣȫٶ֡
ҡǵı֣ʱ˵׼ޡҲðգ뿪ղȥĲ䷢չ
ʵҲ뿪ղ䡣Ĳû̷ݣȫµġ
ļֻһ֣ͬʣµı֤ǺͼҴ뿪ˡ
ޣûķ
ֱǾǿ
ˣˡɫѿصûǼʣҲû취ˡ
Ǿֻܼţ
ֿ죬֣ܶǿȸҵ鷳

ռҰ/˳ιͳ׵˦ƹ񡣶ҲûʧŪΧһ㶼úҰײΧܳȥ󣬳ͷĴ󵨵ط
Ұޱñ׳ǹҪײΧܵʱһĥɾֻڶʱߺ߼£ƽǳԱ˯˯ɹ̫ѻ˸ɨ࿴˶̲סĽ
ҹ˹Ұ
ҵûһʡ
ҵˡһҲء
ͬʱ֡
̷ɢŸԶϵҰϢȥٶȴţѸٳԶȥ
빻ԶˣͣԶԶصȶ
ףôûҰܳ
ǲûȫ򿪣
ûȫ򿪣
ͷһҧߣȥ
·ظԶֵҰǰһƣɷ׷
ȷʵţҰ޾͸ûſƵģ˯ҲˣЩϲҹĵһ°ɽƵֻſڵϲ⿴ôһ£
Ϊʲôܣ
ôȴһ㶼Ҫ𣿡
֪ˣͷ˻Ȼ˵㿴Ǳιж֣ôܻܵö̷ݵȻǳƻȻְ취ԸҰޡ
ǿѧһѧ
ѧ˵ʱ𣿣ȺҰҪ
䣬һ˳һѹǵֱżҰ޴ȥ
ֵҰޣͲܵѪ˻ܡ
취ͦãǰõĳ㡣
ӻûֻͱҹӰҰ޿˸šһ˲䣬ÿ춼Ҫ֪ٴεͬ鱻׵Ļȿֺӿ˳׵ӽ쵶ӳѪˢˢج̽Ұ޵Դ
ҰΪʲôܣֵ֮ܲǰͼܵġ
Ұ䲻εŵ÷һϸһҪɱǵǴûˣŭϾӿ
衪

Ұ޵Ľɢҹȼѵķ򿿽
⣬ܣ
˻Ż룬ܳǰͻȻһǽǵǽɡǰң˷֪ʲôʱѾȫվˡ
˱Ѻ˷
һͷ˵Цˣ㰡Ǹѡ°ӵ
˹ҲղЦǸԼñʳĵùˡ
ǿ汿˵æֻҰ޶Ųߡ
ȷʵǴȻùǵҰޣȺӰҰ޿һӾͻը
Ȼǽ˹ûκηĻᣬ˾ͲܿƵȫͺ˳
𰸣Ŀʶȫ
鸴ӣ˵ʵǶʼͬ⼸ˣŶˡ
ҪͷһأϾҲûݴʲôʧΪǶԷƵʳ궼Ҫȥˡ
СϵģܾľȻһȽϺ˵дҪܷΪſͷŹǡΪԭ⼸˵ʳҪţҲǹľȫκεΡǣȴ׾ԭǡ
˹ν˵ǾֱӽտŰɡ
ڶ켸˱͵ûãǱϳղϢͺܿ촫˳
ЦЦת˷ųһϢ
ͬʱͬıôԸ̷ݣȴѡ˼ľȥ
ܵ·Ǳ
ȷʵȥôԸ̷ݣǺ˰
ԶԣǷˡֹԸ̷ݣǻᵽĲȥס
㿴Ըǳ䣬Լͻߵġ
ûֵķϣͷ뿪𣿡
ˡǱϳȥǾֻȥҲˡ
ֵӲǾ۾ˡ
İɣǲߣҲߡ˫ֲվ·룬ͷ˵ǣкء


82 

£ôôأ
, һ¼Ѹ̵ľ׷֮ǰӳղĿԡ
۶һƣʤ!
ֱɡ
˲źۼɢ, ŹΧȥȭͷΪյ̫, ž졣
ȰǻǲҪˡһָż˻˻, ǲȫ첲ȫȵıҴȥĻ
ƾ㣿˲мЦһ, ȭͷ˹
һһֱӱԼɫȮѹǰ֫ڵ, Ѫſ¶ɭ׵ݡʱĹԵú˯úãĵʱץʱȻǿɾܱͱ
Դһ¡
̫ˣôԼû뵽
лʳ
ϵĬĬлԾת˲˵˾ˣȻһںԥҧ˶Էƨϡ
໡˱ƨش
Ѿſ, ˵һˡ編ƣһ߶һ, һһƨ, ҪǻĻ֤һȫƨɹ⡣
ʰ꼸ˣͬһľ, ųͼظȥ
̷, ۰ͰͶ
˵, ݴȥϢŹҵģʡ
˵ͷ
ɨһ£ҡͷ˵˴Ϣǿˣǲǡ
ôǣһ˼ˣҾѵǿռװööණҵⲻǿ𣿡
еǿʶˡɳܵǣһռĶˡ
ɵ˼˰룬ͷţǾǿɡ
⼸Ҳʾط׷Լ
ҾѵˮڣԺҪˮȫˡ
ǧǾѵˮûˮһɹζ˵
첱ӴֵصԼͺȹôû
϶˰
ȱ𳳡˵Ļ׹ȥһӣŵˮҿ
˾űӷһˮ˲䣬һɴŵζƮɢ
ýסӣһܲ˵ı顣
ȴǾϲضűӵķᣬԼȲ߹ȥѱӽ˹漴˵ֱһڡ
ȷʵ׾ơֹͦ㣬Ƚ΢һ̴̵ζҪ򵥾ܴ
û뵽˾ѵˮȻ׾ζģϧֻдˮûס
еź룬Ҫڷ׾ʱŰҲųͺˡ
ҲһԴðóԵʲô𼦵Բӡȵȣ޲ھȫĵ
ܲĵظ˼ˮҼ⣬ãóԵģһҪŬѵԼȡߣߣȡų׵ˮ
˱࣬⻹ӳһܵôϿһ㶼ܵĿޣ̫̫̫ˡ
ˣͶ˰ѶԷڹ˼ֻ⼸˱ֶԼʳ̫꣬ڰ
ҪҪҵķݰæ̽һ䡣
ϵģ˾ȻһʹӦˡ
ҪҪҪƵ׷ʣҪæ
ġ
˼ھ
ֵʣʳꣿ
˿Ц˵ˮ٣ʳζҲܳԵȥĳ̶ȡƽҵʳ˾Ͳ࣬󲿷ֶʳһɹζʵҵѡ
Ц˵ԺҵķݰɣҪʳһרŽġ
ҪʳŵʡһȻô׾˵ҪԼʳ̲סʣ֪ʳķһжҪҡǻ˵ġһѧ˺ô죿Լô죿
ûϵ˵һʳܶ࣬ൽ󲻳
Ǿ˳Ļһ£ţӳ˿⻹ǿ⡣
˱Ӷпռԥ˰죬ҲɵʣܲҲӶң
⣬Ҫɣ
˽͵Ϊ̫ˣ䶼ҲʳԶĶԶӵǼѿռսʿôȥҲҪȥԶˡ
ǾͼҵԶӰɡ˹¥˵
ȵؿԶӣ
˹Դֵ˵Ҳ˵ҪһϲȽǵ⣬Զӵǻط˵
˳ǣ⻰ǲе㲻ζ
˹ݾܾش˾ѿռˣҪô£ͨ峤˶˵˦һʳ󡭡
аȣһʳջˣǾѡ
ʣµļҲ˵ԼǲҪ̷ݰæֻڿԼʳꡣ
ʣȻǾѵҪĲһҲǲһ
˵öԡһǽҲǽ̣ޱûƵĵ룬ǴӦˡһ˵
䣬űһƿʬһĸ˲˽
˼ǲҵĻҪҴܣѾˡ
û¡һƿҩҺҪǺȣȻʲôֶ˶٣Թ㿴ûдҩҺ
ǵƤ˵ҳһƿҩҺż˵ĲӸǹȥ
ҩҺ븹ƨһͲˣֻҪҪʱ䡣
ҩҺ˶
ǲ뿪䡣żɽ˵Ǻ
һʣʲôܺģ
ȻǺ׬ޱҰȻص˵׼ȷ㣬ʵǵǰǳڸԼޱҡ
Ǹɻˡ
ķݿôԷ˶ôһܳϣҪһ׬ޱңҲš
̾˿ΪкöŶӵ̫ûǳԲʳҲžǺ⻰ȻǺġܼ򵥣˵ףǵʳ꿪ȥԵԽԽ٣ֻԭ򡣵һζûĺóԡڶʳûҵĶࡣ
۵˵õҪأ治ǵġ
Цǲɥô˵Ȼнİ취
ʲô취һ㶼ڴʡϾҪ⣬ҪԼʵУɲķǶ̶ʱܳɹġ
ҿԽÿͬʳѧ˾ΪԼʳ˵Ҫʳģ̰ᡣʳ⣬ҪԼŬˡֻܸһССİ
ʲô
ҿԸԼõĵζʳŵȥ֤ʳ̺
ŵ꣬ܿƵش
⡢⻹ĺ£
㵽ΪʲôҪǣʵ벻ͨ
ǰǺӲⱾζҪޱҴһʮޱҡʳͲøޱˣԺԼʳʱÿһݶҪһЩޱҡ
ֶ٣
Ц˵һʳһٸޱңһݾͷҶʮޱҡҪٸޱңǾͷʮޱҡֶ٣Ϳǻޱˡɱһѧѻˡ
ǰ˵˼ǲֻҪʳͶһֱԷޱң
̫ƻˣ


83 
Լ, ΪѵĲǿ˱Ӷĺͱ˹ߵһ, ˶˵ĺ, һʱĻ²˾ģ˵Ҫúˡ
ƨûȫļˣϾղס̫꣬ɽˮĵزʵҲ뻻ղǻǺиġĶûô˼, ˾ʹӦˡ
ʲôʱʼѧʳһȲʡ
ȲЦŵ, Ҫ˽һóʳ
, ĸ˾һȳһյؽ˳
ŰСʱȥضԼʳ˳
ʳһʳ
ɫذ׿ڳ, ζҲͲ, ˻ûóԣԵĻ, ƺҲԡ
˵òһ, Ǿǿпޡ
ҲûԼҾϲͨʳ, Ӷȷһ⼸óʲôˣͷǻؼȥˡ
ʲôʱʳﰡƭƵ, ǰſͰٴʵ
˵Ҫʲôʳ, ͻġ, ̫á
뿪󣬼˹͸˵һˡ
˵ɣʲôʱԶӣֱʵ
˹ʣ㲻Ǹѿռô𣿡
ôЦ˵϶ԸԶˡ
˹Ը˵صҾ֪ġ
ЦЦû˵
ǶԴģǶԴߵġһԲϾƶԷӦʲôģ¼˹пĳ
֪ԼƷ⵽ɵļ˹ڱεϲŵڵĵ˵Զӵǰ
һͷߵ꣬С̵İְ׳һͬᡣ
С̵İְ׳ԼһԶӣղʵŵĽǰС֮ǰ׳˵ù׳ȥʱչС̣׳ѰҪĶΪꡣʵϣԴϴ׳С̺󣬾ûչ˹С̡
һֱΪϲ׳׳ԭ£ӹչС̵Ļȴû뵽ԭԴǴԻ׳ԶӾûгȥԹ
ԶӶڿϱ׾Ǽ˹
˹Զӵ뷨ҪԴ̽Ĳ䣬ر粿ᲿϢȻû˵ڵɾʹΪһССĲˬˡƾʲôҪҵĶҪһøá
㲻ɸ˵ɣ˹ô齨Զʱ֪ôľͶ˸ɴ׳Զõ뷨ԽԽÿУرǰй۲˼ԶӣԶӳԱʵܲ󣬼˹ͳ׶ˡ
ֱԶӣȺŹսһһֱ֣ԶеһƢûУ˳׸ȫʵչ¶ˣ͸ñʾĺôˡʲôҰԵ࣬ĻǲġʲôԵҰ**֮ǰޱңÿԴʳҪǰãڲܻӭı˿ʱܽǳԡоǣֻҪȥ̷ݲŶӣ
ǿһذְ׳Ҳܾˡ
ΪԼС̶һ̷ݵʳ׳ĸԸóԶλá
׳ͷ춼ˣսʿ͸᲻Ը⡪
ֻҪһ뵽ŶǾֵЦֻҪһ뵽˶ŶӣȴܴҡƾĹϵôĽĿʱȥԶζֱҪˬжˬ
֮ǽԴϲ
ϲԹżˡ
ս˼־ͱ˹˼֣һҼ˹Żżһԣ˾͸ɴҩҺҲˡ
ţܶʡһ㣬ܶȥ̷ݳһ١ȻŶˣȴΪûޱҳԲǵжң
иԶӶ˵ҲǼ£һЩȷʵҪ㲻١
Ժԣʳȫˡ˵
˹ͷԺʲôҪҵģֱӸҡ
û⡣գգۣȻҾԶֻе˷ѣ㡭ҪҪɵģ
ָϢ𣿡˹ʣ齨ԶӱΪ
ǡҡҡͷҵ˼ǣÿԣҪҪ˳㶫׬ޱңø֪Ƿݡ
˹һֱڻԼ׬ޱҷﲻ̫æһ׬ޱңæʣҪô𣿡
Ǳ˵Ǳ

Լıģ߷õˮü˹ֶȴȶסͰΡݸԡ
ǲǱȱˣЦʣģܷã׼ϸϸľͺáҲζ̫ӵģˮˮһЩζҰ֭СҪǣģľˮˮЩǰˣ·ʱܷ㡣
˹һüͷҪõŪԹһܲ³ѧô죿
ɡ˵ҪѧǵøһбϵУڿȼһôȥŪҾбˣҲ̫ɱˣǵûǿٱ٣ʮˡ
˵öԡ˹򴽽ǣҿǸ߼սʿء
ԭȱȱļ˹һ뵽ܿ׬ܶޱңøĲ̷֪ݵĴ̾סˡվ뿪ȥ֪ͨԶӳԱ׼һԡ
ȱߡס˱һһȥ
˹ʣʲô
šͽеζɡе㲻˼˵ǸոͻȻģû㳢ô˵
϶ǳóԡ˹ԼţʳûвóԵġ
ʵҲõʳ
˹붼صһǸʳﱾͺѳԡ

ûü˵̫ãֻ죬˰ǽ˷ݡ
ҪһµˣܾĴ𰸡ЦЦ㶼ûϡ
ֻأʳԼͻøá󵽵˳һʼ̣ʳҾͲˣҽ档档
Ǻ棬ʾ˾ͲѧˡˣֽôߦϸϸҪ˽ϰסʽ档ʵܼ򵥣Ρڹ֭ҺƵۡͣԼеϸ̴лտˮɫ嵭ζŨ֭ȻӲеһˡ
棬лĩΣ֭ҺͣɫŨ֭ʢƬҶˣϸ׵˱˱ˬڣ޲ͷһ¡
סûȥԼɣʲôʱҾζˣóˡԼʳԵ˾Բ١Ц˵꣬Žһˡ


84 
ڶ˵ʱʳǱƬĵܺãÿһƬⶼеýһС, Ҳ, ϧǼˮƽ̫СҪû, ҪôǼʱ̫, ЩӲǺõ, ЩѹǼһƬڶԭǿ⡣
˵ѼƬɿ, ЧҲһġ
Ȼƿز, Ǿͼ򵥵㣬Ҳ, ֱˡ
˵Ҫֻһ, öô˱, ֻҪ˾ء
ҽʳˮƬȽܲ˵, ͬʱùһＹ⣬Źǵ͡__г˱Ƭ
˱ĵһ¡
˵УԱʾʳﲻ, ʵӦʤϾ㲻ԷҲ̫ҡ
ôҡ
ʳӮˣֻȵս䣬ǵ԰ԹԵͷѧˡ
ˮƬҼסˡ˵һ, ƺŷӦƵ, ֽеȵ, ո˵ˮƬˮƬ𣿡
ֻ˼Ҳͷ
˲㡰ۡһ¿޳
ˮһᰡýˣܲ»һ˿ذ󣬡еĻҲǸ档˻ϲԿⰡⰡ֣ˮ⣬ǰ黻СƬҲûϲ԰
õģĲǼ򵥵ˮƬο
˿Цһ¡
򵥵ˮƬٲ򵥲Ҫˮ
ˣһʳͲŵҪѧĵڶʳﻹʲôˮ⡣
Ϊлɣ˽ſʱûôˡ
ƬͿĨϵεɵһߴãҨһ͵ȥ͸ʼըɽɫֱ̳аκڹ֭ҺһԶŽ͹һ籸õУһϵԵţᷭ£֭һƬƬƬʢ϶ĸͻĩͣ۵Ƭͺ͸֭ˮƬͼˡ
ָˮƬ˵
һζ͵͵˲֪ٴοˮȲͽӹӳ
˻ͷӣһ߶ͷðһ߳Եͣóԣ̫óˣ֪ԭˮƬڳôණ˭ٸˮֻҪˮУһǸˮһͲȿ򵥣˶ٶȥ
ˮأ
һˮƬ꣬˴ĴţӴ⡣ڶʳʱƵƵԴĥˮƬֱؼˡȻû˼ѧǾͲѧһˮƬˣҲõʳ꿪ȥ
ˣֱӽ̸˶Էڶûѧʳըӡ
ϴӣ⽪ĩ޵νȣܹͿըͿԡ
˷ǳϲʳΪȻǸȴôϲʳܾ̫鷳ʳҲֻһ֣Ǿǿ⡣Ļгɿ鴮ССȫ⣬øƬһõеôС˻ߺ˱ˡһƬҪöУ˷ܴһƬƬü嵽ʲôʱ򣿿ͷˣͿһ飬һ׳ҰȥҲˡ
̵ըȫʳ
Ӷô򵥰õеòÿըӶ찡ֻҪըپըҪģըܷźþãʳȫóõĶ棬͵͵ûбõˡ
ѧըӣֽһǴӡ֭ԼۺˮǴ֭ŵнĩζٵըýƵӽȥϼȦǴ֭ҧһڣۣɿڡ
ѧˬ֭ˬ
ֺּóԣˬ˵̲סצһ֧л֮衣
ϣһʹߡ
ֻʹߣŻġ
ֻӵһģóóּ򵥵ʳ
ֻС
һ΢΢Цţ˰ǡ
һȵ۶˵˷ɿ켷ˣذƳ⣬顱ʹš
Ҫѧʲô˴˷ܵ졣
Ҿ㿾úܲ˵Ϳˡ
˸˵ʣҪ𣿡
ҡҡͷԼϰ⿾˾ͻ῾ԽԽóԣҪҽ㡣
һͷˮһ⣬ȴô⣿
ǲ̣㲻ҽ̡ǿ
ˣʲô
Ц˵㿾ˡ
ˣ䣬Ұ˻ܿ
ֱʵ˵
ӺץһĢ̽Եҧһڡ
˱ۣҧһڣҧһڣѸٰһĢԵֻʣһͺͺǩӡ
ʣó𣿡
ľصͷóԡ
˵ҲˣĢôġڱҰˣҲͬķȥҰˣⰡ㰡֮ĶָܿżСľޣЦеصֻҪĵζۣ㿾ʲôûԡ
˱żС͵ĵζϿȥ
н⣬۵ȵȣ̵ʳҪĵϣôСĵϾǸζ˵ζˣÿһ˾ͱɵޱҸ
һ뵽ļ룬Цۡ
⼸̳ȥʳԼһͬʳǵͷȫǼ˵ʳȥ˶࣬ÿöŶӵ˶Բʳ˰׵Ȼ˻ᡣʳ̫ˣŸܵ˺Ȱɣ˵ǰ׺ȵġ
ޱֻǰϵĺôҪĺôʵġ
ùŴ󼪵øлɣ
׬ޱҸҲøлɣ
ԽǸлԽ벻ղֻԽԽҪ
Ҫʹһ壬ղ䶼ò
죬Ͱѵζо˳
ζƿି飬ͷеĵζϻϰ̳ġܴźܳʱ䣬ⰾʱֻҪһСŽȥܱ̾һƬͬãһָĩȥ𵥴ĿҪζöࡣ
ζ鱻Ƴɹһϴʱùǵгɳ״һʮ׳ָϸΪһܳһٷЯлָЧͶٺޱһ
ζŪ󣬸죬˹һѵĵζͱϣԼԶӵȲˡ


85 
Сģ׳һ, Զվƺڷһѳ
˼, ſƲסغ, 󱳡顱һϡ
˻ʹһ̧ͷѾֻԼϴ۳ҰŪ׳, ٺ١ЦŲ˼صǸԲ𣬸ո¡
׳һ, üԵʱ£Լ̫𣿡
ƮƮƮƮžƮ˼˹ŵƤϡ
ˮ̲ܿƵ˳
, ͹ҳһڣһںòãֺõسż˹Ц
׳ǳ˳飬챻ɾˡ
ǶӶˡü˹ΪԼֵµսʿû, Ұ޶Ϯ˻ҲĲר, ׳ӲͷƤԼ˹͵ǳǳϲʳֻҪʳڣûа취ע
˵, ֪ˡ˹һȻ˵ʳǺҰôܱȵùʳ۹, ʳ￴ñԼҪҾһĵζ顣
˹˵ţƤ, ֥һζݸ
Ȼûϵ˹, ӳղһֱǵڵĵζ, ֶ΢΢
һζ, صζ̵ش˸顣ۿһһ, ۵סһڰѵζȥ**, ԼĳƤˮ˳
ζˮһ, ʹҡһһζѸڻˮ档
һڣȻˮģƷһЩζǹ޵ζַ·ζϸٺȣܳͷζԽԽζ֪͹ȥ˴ˮ
һ㡣
Ҳһ㣡
ͬ鼷ߣüŪ۵顣
ˮֶ˶٣һ롰˹ˡȫ˸⡣һĨͣü
һ㣿ܵģȺ
ͬ޵ƫƫ޿κΡ
˹ǶԵζĿۼʱҲˣǾ󷢴ȱǰǳ緹
Ҹ⣬ҿˡ
ȥҰȣҵҰִ࣡
ҡȥ֦֪֦ʳζ
ڼ˹ǰ֣ܿԼѻ׵
һһתǺҪƤװĵζأ͵ô죿
һսʿЦһڣ˭͵ߵζ飿
Ҳţ˵һֻ۵Сһô죿߱紵ô죿
ˣֻС۾һ͸޳ܵĻ쵰
ǣĶƨֵõ˼˹һ֥ĵζ顣
ܿ죬ζƮɢ
˹˵ע£󷽵ظµζֱݸսʿ
սʿŵζ飬һһ㣬ϸϸɷĩŹһ©ؽζ۾ͿĨ˿ϡ
սʿͬһѵζŽ˹Ȼ˲ע⣬ɿذ͵͵һСζ
˵ζĿ̱Ũζζȣ΢ڽһڸǿҰսսʿ˸š
һսʿ˶ӣ۾ֱѪҺͣ˿૵ҴҪˡǰȻŵôŵʳζл񡣡
һ֪ҲϲŶԲʳл񡣡
ˣҾȻŵʳζҵıӻˣ϶Ҫˡ
أһ
ǰҪһʳζֳԲôôҰ
มŰҰʱȻ췢һ춯صĽڵ˼£žȻһͷײΧļսʿƲǣѾӾͳʳζƮĵط񱼹ȥ

ʳٻҰǣ
רԻҰ޵ʳǸжó԰
ѵøϽôһֻҰ޳궫ʱǸ𣿡
԰ܣܣ
˻Ұ෴ĵطȥ˼ɥͣ
ƺߡ
ԽǿҰԽ࡭
أòҰԼˣѵǻҪԶȥ𣿡
һֻ˵ҰͲˣǸһȺδ֪ǿҰͲˣѹ˼
˵սʿǼѵҰ뿪ķСȥ
ߵԽԶֻҰ޾ԽأҰ޵Ķ
ϣʳֻҰ޳Եѹ˲ǡ
ϣʳֻҰ޴ӴҲԲκζ
һʵʵ㣬ϣֻҰ޳Ա˾ȥ˯ɡ
ԽԽ󣬾׽ԽԽ죬սʿͣ½Ųڼô棬ǰ˸ߵҰݣ̽Դ˹ȥ
Ȼ󡭡
˭ǵֻڴҰô£
Ϊʲôֻ׺һܰǲȳҰڵϹȥ
Ƕһڹȥ
˹ޱƳһۼսʿĵطؿǰװĵҰޡ
ԣ˹һ˻Ρ
~
˹װζƤҲ˻Ρ
ร
׳˽ŵҰѡ
ȫҰԼ
ѡ⣬ֱȥѡζ飬ǾܳԵ⡣ڳ꿾ǻҪҰܲü˹ˡ
ȻҰޣӵҰԵֱ붼ͳŵζ顰มиͣ
˹´ǡ
ζлָ˿ϵãֻܻҰ޵ǲΪζòԼģⲻҪ˹ֻҪֻ֪Ұ޺۹ˡ
ѡζ飿ѡˡ˹õ˵ץһ⣬ζ⣬ѡĸ
~Ұ޺ԥٴѡ˵ζ顣
ܺá˹վ߹ȥҰ޵ĴԴ
ֱֻó͵ζ𣬸Ͳ֪һʲôͬҰϡͿӹһ٣ٽΪ˹׼͸ĳ
׼
ȥץҰȥһԹԹſţ˹żսʿĵطԸ
׳˾һطĿ⣬һսپȥѼսʿ˳
˵öͦأ᲻һ¡
Ҫɱǡһսʿġ
˹ʣޱ𣿡
СսʿصͷǷǣǾͰеޱҶǡ
˹ҿȱޱҵˣ⼸ûޱζѣûǵޱҡֻǡܰ׵õһޱҲǵޱȫҾͷǡ
ϴչȥѳһٶޱ
Է˰ɣ
ȵȡ˹°ͣǿԡ
᲻ûǰѿָ˼սʿÿһ
˳Ե̻ʡ
ۣȻʳҰ޶̫óˣ
ܾÿ˶Ⱥȫ
ЩʲôҴûгζ
˵ζ顣˹˹˵ֻղ̷ݲĵζ顣


86 
ղ䣿̷ݣ
֪ղ˼, ̷֪ݵȴкܶࡣ
սʿ˴˿˿, ȷ϶Էû̷ݺ󣬾ͷǳʵضż˹ҡҡͷ
û˵̷ݡһ˵ζֺóԶʳ꣬϶ܲ
˸ۣʲôк̷ܲݵʳ𣿡
£ܻӭǹϵ, ܻӭҲʳﶼĳ̶ȡһ뵽ղǵĵȼô, ַ׷Ȼˡȼǿȥ, ղȥǸζҲ൱ǼһֻΪղ, Եø, ܻӭѡ
Ծ׵ļ¶һ֪Ц, , ˳Ļлᣬ׿ڳһ̷ݵʳ
˹뵽ʲôʣǻ𣿡
ǿЦ˵˵ôأҲʱ˰
Ǵؼˣ
ԡ
Ƕĸģ
ʯ䡣ͷ˻ش𣬡ղĲ䡣
ԭʯԶӡ˹ͷ, ǴĵطղǾȥղ˰ɡ
ԥ˵ǸԼҡ
˹üǲԼ˵׿ڳһ̷ݵʳ𣿡
ָлĻ
ѵڲþл᣿˹ɫ΢΢˵ǵĻƭ˵ģ
ûûƭˡͷ˿ˡ
Ǿͺá˹ֱİ壬ȥղ, ȥ˼ҵҩҺʦ, õĻ, û׼ܳԵʳ
ղʲôҩҺʦһսʿĵ졣
׳һЦ˵ľʦ֪ɣ
˭֪ľʦ
ľʦס̷ݣޱ㹻ȫ뵽ľʦˡ
˵ľʦղ䣿ͷʮֻɡ
԰
Ϊʲôѵľʦղĸˣ
Ϊ̷ݵʳ̫óԣľʦ᲻˰
Ŷԭ̷ݵ̫ÿԵľʦ˰ʲôʳԻһǼٵġľʦ粿䣬粿ʲôóԵʳûԹǾȥ̷ݰɡ벻ľʦˣܼλ粿ҩҺʦҲ㹻ţˡ
ظ֤ǾԲȥղġ
ǻмǵġ
ǡǺǡЦһ£Ǿˣ
߰߰ɡ׳ڰ֣ǷزǻڵĻʱʹȥ̷ݳԷ
ǳԾͲˣޱһҪԼ͵ġ
ллԶٷѣõŵǻ
߳˹ѣߴˡ
ҳԼǹߴļĬĬ۷
˹ֵص䣬һŵսʿûġ
սʿǣڣھܺڡ
ϣȥղܳԵʳɡ
һǾûŶӾ鰡
û飬ǻûޱҡ˹Ƶ
׳㻹ȥղ䣿
˹ЦȥôܿõȴԲԽǳԲԽԵòˣ
ʯһԶӻ㣬˽緹Ա㣬˹˳ʯȥ
ʯղĲ䣬Ϊ丽ʯְɫʯͷԾ͵ʯ֡
ͷ˽ޱҺ׳·ҵʯ̯ĵطٽޱңȻ쵽һŴʱ̯ʯͷƾ֤һ˾ͳŰ̯ĵطȥ
Ǯ˶ȥˣ̯Ĳʯ׬ڷѵԭס񣬾Ǹ˹һ·ʯ䳤סˡ
ͨ˹Ǻʯ˻ӭġΪԭסÿγ̯Ķǹ̶Ķ֪Щʲô·ʯ˲ǱĲԶӣǽġЩ˻óģпһЩҰޣҲпҩݰʳﰡʲôϡŹֵĶ
˵ܴʲô
˹һ֣ʯ˵ע⡣
ģҪ̯𣿡߹ʵ
ղ̷ݵԶӡ˹˵߽ҪĶó
ʲôݵԶӣѯʵ˾ȵؿż˹϶˵齨ԶӣһǸ
˹ЦŸͣȷʵ
ȻʳԶӣǰ̯ҪӦʳɣ
û
ǵԶ𣿡
ûС
еź˵ǸʳǴİɣһȤһĻ̾ʳŵʱ䳤ˣ̺ǻʧġֻζ˵ʵʳζ඼ô
תˡ
˹ЦЦһ¡
׳ͬվԭضһ£Χֱҡͷ
˺ס˵һԼҪʳﶼȥָѴĶȫȥǶԷɵӡ
ܿ죬ô˾ͼ֤һɵӵĵ
˹óģߣ̵һˮˮ͹֭ȻֱҨ˵ģģӿ䣬˲Ρ
¼ֱݸˣ׳̴СĽӹһһ£͹֫ٺˬ͸
˻˱ȼʲô
̵ģǸĸҧһڡ
Ҳҳһ¡
ҲҪ
׳ؿ˸Ƶģҧһڣҧһ£Ǹ𣿸ôʲô
ȼܳԵͶɡ
һʽжסȶȵˡ
ʲô𣿸һ
Ǳ˹˵Ҫʲôζģ
ָһ֣ʮӣõ˷ζı
ףζأ쬵ġ
ó𣿡ʡ
³꣬ҪһζòóԣȼܳԵ鲻͹𣿡
ҲԡʻĨһϵĺֱӸֿζıȫһ
ԭȼܳԵô
˲ĵʣģܳ𣿡
˹Ƴһۣû˵
Цһʼ˹𣿡
ȻɣԾɵסȼһǿջԽԽΧ˹˹ͣʹñסءಡðֱһƶ
շԸ⡣
ֵߵߵæˡ
⿾⣬ܹĨϵζ飬һֶɢʳһ̵ԾŬ
ٳԵ㣬װӣԣ
Ҳôװӣ
˻ʲôװ
ͼ
Ϊ˭һۿԼԲˣԴеζ飬Գԡ
ҪԳһڡ
ҪһǸ
һҪޱҰ׳ԣΧ˹
ѽ𣿡
ʲôǹ
ҿ޹ǰġ
Ϊʲô⣿Ҹҿ϶Ұ˵ζ
ûʳżʣԵʲôζ
˳Ƭ̣Ȼͬ˵ĳϡҰ޵ζɡ
һ˹ζ˳صֻղ̷ݲĵζ飬һζʳЯ㣬лָϵá
ʲôȻã
ûãҶˡζҳԵԸⰡ
Զԣֵζ飬ҲõİԼˡ
ܿ죬ζͱˡ
ֹ˼죬ԽԽ࣬ѾĽϹˡ˹㣬̷ݵĴòˣʯûмȥıҪųޱǴظϡ
ţȲ뿴ޱҾϲεӡ
֪һޱҾͰΣʱšꡱ󱬷С̷ء


87 
ְ, Ҹ㳪Ŷ
ʲôʱѧᳪ
ְֳѧա
裿
Ȼܲ˼òϣϱȫΪⱲӻ˸һ, û뵽ˡ
ΪͲϲ裿
, ʲôԽܵԽϲ衣
û¾ϲ߼ΣʱֻҪԼһˣϲ, ҲҪߺ߼µġɺϰɣÿκ߳ʱûôˣСʲôʱ, һѧˣ
ְֲ֪ǵˡְŪʱ˯˶ڳءСֻСֱ, ཱུϴŵε˵ǼζҴյְֶ˵Թԡ, ְֲŲ裬ú˯ء
棿
ˡ
Ū滹ŪӰʲô, ôٵ֣ȻûǸϸ, Ծհ˼ȽϷϾĸ֡
ΪʲôܵհĸʵϲųʱѾٵĿȫǡ
ԼٸԾ, ԾԼжֻ˸, ӱǶ֪û, Ǽ򵥵ġ֪֡ҪĸԼһ, ѹͲΪԼܹʵ, Լ軹ͦġ
ǴβŵĴʲô֣
Ŷԣǡú衷
׸裬̲סߺŸպ֣ͱСżشˡ
ְ֣һᳪգҳ
ãְ㳪ʵͦڴġǿ϶ûԭС߳⣬϶һģһһܴԼһȥԼþܲܵ
ְҳඡ
ɡ
СɤӣѽһͿʼ߸衣
ۣϵĿѽ
ٺٺٺѽ
˵Ҿͳۣҳȫѽ
ٺٺٺȫѽ
ҧһѽʱѽ
ٺٺٺٶѽ
һ¡
Ȼ֪ԼôҰٷ֮ٵĿ϶Լ̳þԺͬһ
ԼþͲԭܵĻԼܳһءѪԵֻĻԼ̡
ҲԵˡ
ܵ㣬Լô˸ǳˣ̡
һסú衷ˡԻ衷
ְҳĺòС߽ŵʡ
ܰĵ
ٸְֳһ顣
ɡ
ǼС̾һֱ˱˯
ڶһۣСĵһ¾Ǹһ顶Ի衷һԴﶼѭҳԣѽѽЦĵꡣ
Ⲣǽ⻹ֻǿʼ
Թ緹С߾ͰԼһ˹˷ֱ緹С߲һƣشӷ˳
ôôۣüСߵţȷǲ˺ͷ
ְ֡Сƣ룬ȴ˫ؿѧһ׸衣
Ҳǰְֳģʵ
ǡСߵصԼա
һڣְ㳪
áСԴɬ˵꣬͡ѽһ£𡶳Ի
ڡԻһĻϣܵ⡱ˡ
𴽽ҵĹơ
СߺߵЦţӣܱ˵ȥ̱С̳衣
ڶϣԻܵ䡰⡱
ϣԻġܵ⡱䡰߲˱
ϣϡ
ÿ춼ڲܳµԻ衷ϵҲѷʳ˸顣
ʳǣְֳˡ
ۣϵİְѽ
ٺٺٺѽ
˵Ҿͳۣҳȫѽ
ٺٺٺȫѽ
ְҧһѽʱѽ
ٺٺٺٶѽ
ԼһС飬ӵС
Сƨɡ
ǲģ˵һ䡰ͣЪسᵼԺҲܿ˵󣬳ɹѼСסڰˡһ졣
ܳ
˹ǿղʯԶӣǳС
ʯսʿһƾ˽ޱңʣµļƾʯղ䶼ͬ˲䣬֮ѺõĹϵȽ䣬Ȼ֮ڽޱҲ
ѵؽ벿䣬׾پʹ̷ݡ
˳˵̷ָݣ޴ʻţڰղŹĻﲻˣڷŲΣſһֱųԶĳ顭
ͷԼ۾૵ҴˡĴˣԭ̷ҪȥܳԵʳͲղûһһͻǳܻӭ
ǾôһֱŶӵ𣿡ͬһŶӵˡ
ĪؿԿ϶ҪŶӰ
õȶòУҵҲһܳԵɣ
˰ɣ˿϶˵Ҿ̷ݳԷÿҹж˳Ե̷ݵʳﶼϸû˼Ŷӡ
ǳŶۣȻҪŶӵվƺһ󣬾һźҡͷ뿪ˡ
֪ԼûϣԵ̷ݵʳͲ˷ʱˡ
̷ݵʳôóԣ
˹ЦԼһ֪ˡ
ĬĬ˸ۡǵԣһûޱңޱŶҲԲϰ
̷ֵݵʳҹǳԲˣǿȥʳ갡кüʳóԵʳ̷ݵԽ̵ġȿ϶ȲģζҲĶȥԲʳˣɶȥǼʳȥˡ
ͷսʿǿЦ˵ȥһԡ
һ뿪˵߷Χ̿
е̷ݵʳˡ
Ҳ볢һǲôóԣûޱҰ
Ҫǻʯޱٹ
ǴҩҺֻܼһǵˣزҪߺܳ·ǳŲסһ·Ұ޻߻ô죿
ֻסղˡͷ˵ҺȼڲҸط˯Կܲҵʲô
սʿֿȥѰһҪ׬ޱҶģҪ̫۵ġΪңû뵽׾ҵˡ
ɣǲʺ
Ǽȥÿʮҹһޱҡ
ҪôðûޱҵʱʲôԵģ
򣬹ܳԹס
Զԡסĵطҿˣ¸ǵʯʳҲˣ̷ݹӶġ
ô̷йϵ
ΪҵĻǸ̷Ұ޲ʺѰ

ʺǳ˵㣬ֻƾܳԹס;ǺܺõĻˡսʿȫƱֵͨԱԱ˳ֱӸҰ޵¡
սʿͿʼ˹ոһղͣʺ
û취Ұ޳Ե̫ãҲࡣ
ԽǴղ䣬ԽǶ̷˽ԽࡣǳԵʳѾܺóˣȻȴ˵⻹̷ֻһӶġ
ôǸʳжζ
սʿ˵Ĵȥ̷ݳԷĻжô⣬ھԽֻҪλ㹻ܶĽʺˡҪԼޱңɱ˾Ͷһлᰡ
һ߲ʺһޱңһż˹
ʱ޴뷨
ۡ


88 
ղԶ𣿡
, ϸҹߵġ
ʲôôߵô죿
ҲΪҪסһߡ׼õĶô죿Ͳͣ
ǿ׳һǰݸ˵ĺ, ĵǰһſ, ˤڵء
˶˻ʲôͣ͸Ͳ, 
ݸź׺ٺһЦ, ұϴǸô죿
ղ϶Ҫȥһ˵ġ˵, ܴܲղԶŪôİ취, ȻѾ, ǾֻпԼˡ
ǸղԶӵ춼˵ȥǲ͵ζ, ô˵϶бİ취ҾҪֱȥղɣ
һɣҪûа취ô죿
⡪
ˡ˴ݸ˵Ļ, Ǳǰô, ȻһȥղԷȴҲûа취, Ѳɻһ𣿡
ݸ˿ֹⲻ벻취ô
һƣüͷ˼, Ȼһĸ˵ص뵽ˡĶûУ˾ѵ
ݸһ, Ҳ뵽һ, ˵ֹ𣿡
û, ֹ˵ͷѵǿԱʳⰡҰ˰ֻҪľʳԶʡܳԾʳ, ֹһã
ǾȥֹɡݸЦ˵ֹǼһһֱΪԼû, ֪Ϣø
ˡЦ, ˲ٵʱ䣬վͳֹķӱȥ

ʲô
üʣȻ֪㲻ղԶӵ𣿡
ʲôղ䣬ɽˡ
ɽˣʲôʱסģ
ϸҹ
ѵϸҹˣһ⣬ѽһ˵겻ȶԷ˵ͷصؾ͸Ͻ뿪
ҴҷԼķӣһ˾ͺղϸҹˣȥ̫ˡ
ʲôѾˣ
ǰ
һź˵ҹ۲ǸղԶӵͷġֱʳĸ뿪ǰٸȫȥղһˣõֱǲ취Ͳˣղȥ鷳Ҫôźá
֪и˾ѵǱʳ֪ܱܲ档
ܳҲʳﰡ϶áˡˢվߣ֪ǸסȥޱңһҪ뵽Զ
Ҳø̫ޱҡ˵˵˽ֹûʲôãԼУƽʱ׬ޱҶ׬Ͱ͵ġ뵽Զ㲻ޱԸ⡣
ϣ˵һɡ

¸ȥղ䣡ȥղ͵ζ˾Բ٣˭֪׼ĶǱһȥȻ򵽴ı͵ζ顣ĻǾͰеı͵ζ鶼ʱֻԶʳޱһȫǵģ
˵öԡζܴźܾãҪô棿ûа취ĻǷزȥĲ䣬ɾ»һ̲ˮˡ
뵽ˡһ˵˵ҿͿʼ취ˡ
ˣ
ȻһֹˣѵǱʳ뵽Զ׼û
Ǿ͸Ͻȥһͬ⣬Ǿȥղ䡣
У

ֹǸˣȴһ㶼ǿ׳ǿ׳ˣӻûдԸߣһĴҪܶࡣ
мսʿˡ
мֻһ㣬ھǿʱҲȱҪһ㡣ͺʧˣܴģѵʵ̫ûá
ʳƺ˺Ҫʵȴɲʲôó
ƽڲ䣬ҪôԼҪôȥʳԣԼʱڲʳģͲҪʳԻǸɵ£ǻǶ˺ʱʱҰ޿˳ԡһʱҲܼ뵽ԶӵˣмսʿʮҹԶ⡣
ˣֹļûʲôá
òǿԶӶҪҪԶӻԼһȥԡǣֹڲ˸׬㲻ޱңûͳȥԣǿҰ޾ͲЩģޱҡ
Ҳ಻ȥ
мѵսʿܳԣʳΪ̺ͨʳмսʿһֱԵĻ岢ǿ岻ǿûֹ׬ޱңٳڳϵģʣ¼ӹú׾ݡ
ֹΪһֱȥʲôʱɸ߼ѣȻѹǸΡ
ܶʱֹͣЪϴ롣ûĳʳϴ빤
˭Ҹʲôֹɻشǰˡ
ǲԶӣʵǿϣܼ뵽Զ
Զӣֹ¶ڴˣûסͶ䣬ǲʲôȻԶҪ룿
ûȷʵҪԶӡ
Ϊʲô
Ϊá
ҵãֹЦɫ΢΢ǹЦҵİɣ
ǣԶӵġ
ֹЦһתߡûֱ߳һ˸סˡ
ֹɣҪҪԶӣ
˵Ҳǿҵ
Ǿǿ
ֹ뿪
סԶӣ׬ܶޱҡ
ֹʣҲǿҵ
û
ֹһƭƭĲˣѵǹֳɺܶƭΪʲôΪЦ
˵ġĳһεصֹߣټؽһǰ
ֱֹסˡ
𾪣𾪺ֻʣ¿ϲ
ʯ䶼ˣֹֻ뿪ȥԣ˹˴͵ζ䴫÷зֹ˵ˣΪû׿ڳʵôšںüԶӣֹòŴ˵ĺпġ
ˣ
ˣ
ϲ̫ͻȻҪҪԼһ
ǡûޱҡܵǵޱңԼԣ˵ҪˡֻʱȼһԶޱҡ
ԸԶӣ˭ҵޱҶҾͼĸ
ޱűžͷ˿ڽǣųֱӶ
ֳֹҶýŵ׸ƶһκΡ
֪ĳ˴ıļ˹Ǵٶȸϻղ䡣ҹʱ򣬼˹һޱķƤͰޱҸϡ
۵ͿԼСȱ峤ޱҸˡ
ֳأǳ


89 
ˣ
ջ˹ͷ, סָָϵޱң˵ζˣҲ˺ܶ, Щ׬ޱҡ
ɨһޱ, ֻһޱҼǻޱңޱҼûʮ, ׬˺ܶడޱΪʲôҪѷϣ
ϣһ۾ͿЩޱҡ˹˵, ܸ˰ɣ
ϼ˹ڴĿ, ˳ǡ
ȷʵ, Ҳھ͸˵̫Ͼ˷׬ޱҲ֪ж١˹ޱҺܶ, ɱ𷹹׬ޱң㲻ʲôˡ
⻰˵峤ˣЦŸ͵ǵģҺܸˡ
⻰, ˹ûסһǣԲԵ˵ôޱҲ̫ˣǰһ峤ʱ, ӵеޱҿɱˡģһ׬ޱҵġ
ø׬˵ЩޱԼðɡ
Ҫ, ЩǸġ˹صһ, ȱޱһ

ΪʲôҪޱң˹ɻ, ŸŲһ𣿡
ҭһ¡
һôһ
˹ֵޱҸ㻨õģֻҪбڣһ뻨ޱҾͻޱҵġ
ھôޱҾôһԼ׬ġ
һŬֻС̵ġ
ԼһȺ̶û⡭
ǰһˡ˹ɫͫ涢۾ڰУ˫ƺ΢΢Ź⣬Ժһһֵ
ûɵһ£죬ʲô˵ˡ
Ǵû˶˵Ĵʡ
´һȡ׬ܸסȵޱҡ˹֤תȥˡ
ĬȻ
ΪʲôһҪȣ

˹ղ伸ʯԶ׼ȫҸϵղ䡣
ղ䣿һԶӵʵôսʿôࣿмսʿ
԰Ϊʲôôмսʿ˵ղǿάסǼĵλ𣿡
ղôмսʿڣʵƭ˵İɣ
˵ΪʣǿЩսʿҲһó
һʯԶһҲǿͷˮ
Զӿüղ䣬ʱղߵ￴Ķǳ÷ǳÿˡмսʿҲܿȴżѹǺǰһмսʿҴܣǡ
ղ䵽׷ʲô
˵ղһֱҪԼÿˣͨķסǿˣҲɹˣ
Ǿһסôࣿ
⡭Ҳƺеˡ
վˣȥһʲ֪ˡһȵòͷսʿ˵
һӴʯԶӸںղмսʿǶ٣ĿȷǾ򵽵ζͱҪܵ࣬ȫñԶһøɵۡ
ʯԶӷĸ̾ղĿǰ״ʱ֧Զ˳ǵߣͣͳղڲȥ
һ뿪Ǽ֧Զӵߣ֧Զӵսʿס·һˡ
̷֪ôȥ𣿡
סƳһۣϰΪһ䣺ģ
սʿô֪
ЦЦֻҪղˣûв̷֪ġ
̷ô
Լȥһ֪ඡ˵Ÿ̷ָָݵλá
ԶӵлϳǸȥ
Խݵķߣ˾Խࡣ
Щȥ̷ݵģղôôֱࣿʯҪöö
ȫղġԶָָԶĳˣǼҼǺӲġ
ӲղЩԶɣôҲ
һսʿΣе˵Щ˲Ҳζͱİɣ
ζͱѾôԶ𣿡
˭֪ǻǿһá
ҴߵȺ֧ԶӸܵĿؿ
İɣҪȥ̷ݣ
һǡ
һȺʱǷɵ̷Ҳûλ˰
һܣȻһ˰ɡ
֪Լ·˳ʯԶٶȸϵ̷ݺ뽩Ӳԭء
̷ݣһսʿ૵
ôôڳԶһŵؽУǿƬյϷ˶ӣȫˡ
ʲôӣ㿴ŶӵˣǴǸſųģŵҲ̫˰ɡ
ϣ̷ݵʳľôó𣿡
Ƚȥ
Զƹӣſڡ
һ£Ҫȥ
һŶӵ۾ʲôãŶӵĸҪȥģȥȥŶӡ
ǽȥ飬Զġ
ˡЦǳԶģƭ˭أΧ˼۾ǾȻ˵ԼԶģ𣿡
ţǻǹԹȥŶӰɡ
ۿſڱЩ˶סȥԶסȭͷ붯֡Ȼתһ룬ղ䣬Ҫ㶯֣ͻᱻӳԶˡ
Ϊ˵ζͱ̣
ȥŶӡͷսʿҧгݵ˵
ôûŰ˻Ӻһսʿֵʡ
ղ˲ŶӣǲԶҪŰɣ
ǲǽȥ˰ɣ
ܰɣЩӦҲסſڲǽɣ
Ӻһ֧ʯԶŵ˶
һһҪһ١
Ҹһᡣ
ȻҶŲǽ
˺ðӵԶӻһۣĳ׷
ʯԶȫһһŵ˶档ֵʱͳ׺͸
˼ʳˡվſЦŵҪˣ¸
ʯԶӣ
ȵȣǲԶģģ
Զʲô𣿲Ҫޱң
Цݲظ¸Ȼתɴعš
֧Զԭ˰죬ֵˡ
¸죿ʲôʱȥȰ
սʿʱӦ˹Ҿ˵ôֻǲŶӣһղ˶֪ǸʱȥŶӳԲˡǰ׵ôʱ䣬ղ˿ƻ
ͬ¸ֲأҾҪڷһҹˡ
˷׷ͣ½Ų⡣
ûԶԶ⻰ҲĬĬŷȥ
˶׳ɼѣڲԶķӷһɣ͵һ
һϳĶ顣
ʯԶŲ֪յȥĳӣһһ顣
ɡ¶˿ݵ
һ϶û۵Զ⻰ӯ
ǽˡ
ôôѣ


90 
ݳԷˣЩǾ, Щǵһ, Ӷ˻һ۾ܿ
һȽ˶û, תת, ЦʣȥԶǰҪҪȳֵʳ
ʲôó𣿡
һţʹڽüʳʯսʿʶ˶, ˳Ʈķȥ
Ǹֳֺʲôʳ㡣
Ǹںڵ޵
Ǹһ, Ұɣʲôִġ
ʯսʿǶδʳעضʳ￴һֳ, ϣܸǽֻǲȹش, ǺǾغ
Ҫſֵ
ʮ
Ҫ崮
Ҫ
ȻûЩİʳ, ֻȺҪҪȥ, ʯսʿǾ;ζض
ҪҲҪ㣿
ǰͷͷսʿеĶ, ɵǾÿʳһһݰɣ
ѧ˵Ҫʳ, ܿʳͱ͵
, ڵģúóԡ
ʲôⰡ, ʲôġ
ҳԵĨ˷ۡ
Ҿܺóԡĺ, ôӲӲĿӹģ, ԭҰôóԵ𣿡
ܿ, ʳͱ, սʿ, ڴԼ죺һԡ
Ҳǡ
ҪޱҲ࣬ٳһЩ£
ָմ˵ȥɡ
˵һξеڶΣ˵ڶξеĴΡ
ιǳûԹԹ˾Ϳߺ𣿡˴ߴٵ
һǾû̷ݵˡֻɵӲŻΪ˳һʳԭزúʳȥ԰ֲȥ˶ͲҪһʳˣװ׵ҵʱ䡣
˭ǴûԹôóԵʳﰡЩ˾ԭǰɡĳԽе˵
ʯսʿǱҵͨ죬ƤԹֻԼԺãȶ뱥ҲŲ˶㡣ڼ仹ΪԶʱ䣬òñ˲嵽ǰͷ
Щ˵һʳ㳢ģʳӵġһʳҶ÷ǳǳóˣʳָúóԵʲôز
ʳжóȱܣղĿġ
ǡղŶôණˣС
ǽ˱͵ζ£Ҿʹڶúóһ١սʿͷźʯԶӼ۾С˵ղĿɲֹһԶӡ
ֵܿʯսʿ
Ҫʲôһˣ΢Цزһ
ʯսʿ˵Զ£Ϳǰöʳ뿪
һʳԴǸոձߵ͹顣
洫ʿˮ
죬ǸʲôⰡһǵһμôÿʳ
ŲǿģҲġ
Ϲʲôֲ͵ģ㰡
һ顣
ʱм˶ʳ뿪
ףǸԲԲɫʲôʳ
Щͷ⣬ҲóԣС˵㡣
ǿǸװĶְϸֳҲʳ𣿡
ԡ
ͷսʿɫ˿ڿˮ
ˣ̷ܼܲݵһ仰£ʵôżȳԵ㶫̸Ҳûɣ
ţ϶û⣡
ͷսʿѹûסһҲҪסֱӾͺܲƴֵػ˻֣˵ʳȫһһݣתԼͬ飬һġ
Цŵͷû⣬΢һ
ŹһֶӣҪʳͱ
ѵԼʳҸԾС
ʮսʿӿȿֺضʳͳſ񱼹ȥ
ǾôȥԶˣںʯڶ֧Զӵͷ˾ȵص
ȷʵȥԶˡͬ˵
Ƕȥղʱһ㶼棬졣ȥŶӣǾѾ˺þáŴҶ׼õķ˯һȴһҹǾҲһҹôżǰ򵽱͵ζܹһ̷ݵȴԶȥˣͷһĲ˼顣
ǻ᲻ʲôı
ûɣҾǾǶԶ
Ҳǣʳ￴ĺܺó԰
죬ǶżȥԶˣҪҲȥ
ͷ˳ĬһŬסȥЩóֺŵʳһǰ
԰ɡһҪһꡣ
ǶʳȲ뿪ĵ֧ʯԶҲãȻˡ
֧ԶӶȥԶˣô죿
ǳҲԣ
ǣǲ򵽱͵ζ飬Ҳȣ
ԣҪ
ͷǳ鴤ʹ
԰ɡٶһҪ֧Զӿ죡
ģһģ

ǡ
԰ɣҪһ꣡

ǿ϶ȳ꣡
˵ǳ𣿡

һʳԶӴʱڴã޲һϣֻͷ˵ĹҲûûһʳͱһɨա
ȻҰģʲô߲˱Ұʳһ±˵ѵġ
˻˻һ˿̣ζͽ𣿺ˣ
úһӣϲζ
㻹ôó԰ȿóԶˡ
ĺöʳﶼûΣŷǺûʳһ㲻һ
˵ʳˣֲûȥ粿Ჿ䣬ǿǼ䰡ǵҲûôóԵʳ𣿡
ðѹ˵ô˵Ļ̷ݵͳˣ
˵ղ䣿
ţǸղ˵ľʦղĻʵġ

ղǿʵΪĶǼ䣿
һֱΪԼղǿ̫ʯսʿĬˡ
죬һսʿղ˻úܺÿҶеҸȻˡ
˵ЩûõģǻԲˣ
ԣһûԱ
ȥҪʳ
ʱ̹עһ֧Զӵĵڶ֧Զӡ
⣬ǿˣǸϽӿٶȡ
ˣߡףôȥҪԵˣ
ǻҪԣһսʿϲʣǲǻٳһ㣿
͵ǰ֧Զӵĵ֧Զӡ
죬ǶҪµʳ
ͷδӣҲҪ

ǻڳʲô
ûǰǸϽԸ

Ҿ֪ôóԵʳǿ϶óζߡ
ǿԿԣԣ
ʯԶӶԳ˶Ƥ½½˺ü
Զӵһ꣬ͷսʿͦŶվ죬Ͻȥݵ
ǻҪʲô𣿡ޱңʹޱҵˣ̬ȺõòС
ݵ
ҪĶʵҪ͵ζ𣿡
սʿæͷû
ָָ¥ݣڵĲ㣬Լȥɡ
һȣʯԶҲļشǰ
ҲҪݵ
Ĳ㡣
֧ԶȿֺĲܣһ£Ҽһ£뵱һġ
һþ֪ǵվĲڣһ¶棬ֱȥһ󷿼䡣
һŴԲΧ˶ʮӡԶӵһ£һѶԼԶվá
͵ζ飿˵⣬Цʵ
ԡһսʿ˵ǵһģеĵζͱȫǡ
ȽĲŶԣ
ȽôԶܳǸޱҡ
ޱԶӲǵһ
ʯսʿ첱Ӵ֣Ҫ
ǣ΢Ц˵ҲֻҪޱң˭Ƕ
Уеı͵ζǶҪ
ǲСͣΪǵı͵ζҪپж٣ġ
һҭû뵽ôɡ
Ҫж٣ꣿôžôأ
¶ɣҡͷʧЦҪô߿Щ˵ı飬϶ڻԼ˵׼Ҫֳˡҿȼ֮ôߴС̳ȥȦˡ
ЦʣǴҪٱ͵ζ飿
Ҫ٣ǻûֻҪȫȻ˵꣬Ǿ;ܵĶ򣬱ȶøɡ
ҴޱҶɱ͵ζ飬ÿռһ롣
ҲǡȣͷսʿæʾͬͳԼޱҷϡ
ȻޱһţԶɫȫˡ
ǵޱǲǶһЩһ롣
ǵޱǲҲ˵㣿˺öࡣ
ʣµ˷׷׼һԼƤûưޱû©
ôˣӦòǱ͵ġ
ЦõѣǴǳԶ̫ޱҡ
Զ
԰ôճԹˡ
ˮƤǳԶʱֻǶǱѹܣֻʹʹسԣԵԵ⣬ԵҲκһʳ
ʮ˳ӺʳԴˣ
ޡ
ˣɴޱȴȥö࣬Ͳ㹻ı͵ζ顣
һˣֻһ͵ζȥһ춼ֲȫˡȻֻһҹղһˣ·Ҫõʱ䣿
ԭǿǴ򵽵ζͱͷֿȥüİ
ǾͲùܲס죡
Ȼһǹƻô
Զͷһ˲Թصʳ̫óԣ
þ˼޹ʼ򡪡
̫óԹඣ


91 
ôԹ, ޱپˡ
Զǳ̾, һͰǿŵζͱʯ仹ܻӭ˵ζͱǴ㵽ĲȥġȥЩʳ᲻кܶ, ˭Ҳ֪ϲ, ҪǲôǾˡûǰҲ̫ĵζͱһ㣬һԡ
Զ, ǵһԲܾҪҪ򡣡
ޱȻ, Ҳǰɣ
û, кܶޱҵģ
ŲΪޱûܶζͱġ

꣬Ц˵һΪޱûſǶζͱȥģǷµޱ, Ե´ʱҡڿ̫, ҿǵúܶԣȷʵҪСһ㣬һЩ
Զһ£˵ҪһЩ
´ٲޱң
Цͷû
Ͳ˶ܣޱƭ㣿
ġ˵ǡܵ˺ܲ, ʯǶ, ȥʱȥο, ֻҪζͱͷ, û˻ܡһҪŶˡð, ɵôһġ
ԶĬĬȺ룬ǲ䶼ϲĵζͱ˿϶Ҫ㶼˵ˣҲܹΣҪǾͻǶζͱȥ
ģޱ´ԻᲹġ
ޱңǻҪһЩС
ǣܲûκθװĶȥޱҰɣ
ʣˣʵҾԭ뷨ͺܺãҪСĲС
ζͱҪСģ
һ̫ȥô죿
ôȥ˵׼
ȷˣ
ȷȷҪΪܲסͳ̫ʳǱʹĵζͱġ

Ťͷ쿴ؾǲ˼
һСľ˵˴ʵô죿
Цҡҡͷȡ׼õĵζǡǸԴޱ򵽵ģÿʮζ顣
ٶһ𣿡
Ǳ֤㲹ޱҵġ
Щˡ˵ٵζʱ䶼ζ鰡ôʯˣһѶõԼȥȥ˱Ĳ䣬һʳﱻЩ֪ʱ˾ͻ࣬ǰòС
ðɣǾôζɡ
أʲôʱǣ
ЦЦǵһȣȥñվǰ˶٣ʣ֪׼ôѱȥڿȼûƵı淽һóȥɾȫˮˡ
ŶӵԶЦţԼһ˳
㲻õģ뵽ˡָָֹˣͷЦŽͣѵǿԱʳ
ʳؿֹ
ֹǺ˵ĻҰ˵ȳԵĶܱһʱ䲻õʳҲܱһʱ䣬Ҳ
ⲻǱʺͱô
Ȥض࿴ֹۣԴתתʲôû˵Ͷ⼸֧Զӡ
һ㶼ֹԣϸó
ʣµļ֧ԶӱصȿڵԶӺһҧгݵ˵ûб취
ǶȥֹǵԶˣϧû
ܲԸϣǻǲò˵ûֹԶޱҡ
ҲǱģ뿴ûа취
ļ֧ԶȫεעȻȥһа취ɣ
ءš¡
취ȷʵСֻǲǰ׸ģľӣܱʮҹȹʮҹӾͻûáʱ򣬾Ҫľˡ
ӣ
ĳġʵӵľĳֲ֭ҺݹֲȼǳߣֻҪȡһ֭Һˮ쿪ܱ֤Ķһʱ䱣ԭˮúֲ֭ܶҺʬ壬֭Һ꣬ʬԶ
˵ǧٹ֣һ˵ʯ̾ˡ
ľҪޱңľսʡ
΢Ц˵࣬һľֻҪһޱҡ
һޱ𣿡ľãսʿҲΪȷʵ
Ҫľ䡣
ҲҪ
һľװ±ǾͶޱң´ȫϡծ˲ǷٶǷ
Ӻһ˱źüľ˽
ЩǵģȲʡ
ľϣպһ֧һ
ʲôһ
Ƿֱľ俴˿˿޷ض˱Ŀⲻһٸ٣Ծɲ
ˣ˭ޱҲ࣬Ƿһƨɡ
õ͵ζ飬֧ԶӶæҪ뿪
һͻޱҵģ
ЦŻӻ֣ӣǻȫġ
õĵζͱ֧࣬Զ˼ȥĲ䣬Լˡ
ֹĳ˳ͷˣѹ˵ȥǲЩ϶꣬һǾȥĲԿȽϺá
Ҫòһ˵ζͱֱȥǸ䡣
Ҫģζͱޱңǲ˶֪Ͳһˣٲȫ˵𣿡
ͷ۾һ˵ûֹĺĵážž죬ȥĲ
⼸֧ԶӷʯռһʼζͱʱֹڵԶӾֱȥ䡣
ǶǼ䣬ղҪʯ΢Զһ㣬ڸʯȫ෴ķ
ޱҽ䣬ʯԶһѯһȥ˰̯ĵط
վһλãҪĶȫóԶӾߺȿˡ
ζͱ࣬ǾԻڵģ
ý˺ؾ£
ʲô
ֹ˵ζ顣ʳʱһȥܺóԵʳźܷ㣬ʱܴһ£ǵĵζлָƵá
𣿡˻ɵʡ
ġԶͷóԼĲ֤ʯģҪ˵һٻǿȥʯˡ
ʱһսʿѧż˹ȥʯӣһҰ
˷⣬Ҫõܶζ飬ǲ᲻á
˵ζҰܿ˵һ˵ζԶӵһʢһžʹں

ʲôζôûŹ
㰡
ûȲܣֻζҾԸһЩ
Ҫζ顣
һȫҪˡ

ŪˣҶ˻ļԵŤһȴʯ˲Ұһðı顣
飿
ֹʱǱкüζ
ȼȻҲбž쬵ģһ
ζ飬ȼܼѹջһ¾ˡ
һ䣬ʳȫ˸⡣
ˡ
ÿ찡
ǲǱԵҰ޻׬Ǯ
ܰȫ
ͷһޱҷ˺ðȻŸʲôϽزеޱȫϣҪ̷ݵĵζͱ
⣡
˲ĿУʯԶӺһȺҰ޿ȥ


92 
ʯԶǰŸŵ̷ܽʱ, ǡӭײ
Ҫеĵζͱ
ȵȣҪеĵζͱ
, ң
ģҲſ˵ġ
֧Զӳ첱Ӵ, Լͬ
˵Ҫȫ˭
Цʣ֮ǰõı͵ζô
ǳ, ֻ˰ˡ
춼ûá
ǶԼĵζͱ, õʱ䶼ࡣ
ͦáҲͦˡ
Ǵеĵζͱ, ϣȫǡ
ҡҡͷ֮ǰ˵ˣ򲻹ġ
ȽʯֱüƤǴ˺öޱôޱҶζͱ𣿡
΢Ц
֧Զͷɥصͷ, ֵܿǾͻϴһ㿴ҵޱҹٵζͱÿһɡ
ԶҪһЩ, ζһ㡣
Ҳǡ
෴, Ҫζһ㡣
Уû⡣쵽ϴķ, Եһ, ԼתȥװӺ, Ŷ»
ǿԲԣ
֧ԶԴսʿǰһһʼԼ򵽵ı͵ζ
, ǵĶǶԵġ
Ҳǡ
ȷûŪ, ֧ԶӸޱ, һǷޱҺ, ͼҴҰ뿪ˡ
һſڣֹסԼԶӵͷսʿ
ôˣͷѯʵؿ
ֹԥƬ̣ǽԼƤ˹ȥ
ͷ˽ӹһװȫޱҡһ಻٣úþǵ˵õֹԶӺ󣬸ޱҡ
ͷƤüʣʲô˼
ֹҧ˵˳Զӡ
ʲôͷ˳Ծʣ㲻ռԶ˭ˣԶӻʲô
ǡֹżؽ͵ҼԶʱ˵Ǳʳֻڣζ鱾ܴŵסڱҲ̷ݸľţʵﲻκһæ£ȴҪܶޱңҹⲻȥ
ͷ˴֪ľˣֻǿֹͦʵҲڿ죬ټϸհԶӾͺȻֲҪˣôĻԶҲ̫ãſǲԺõֹĵطʲôû˵ֹԼҪ˳Զӣͷ˾̲סЩĶˡ
Ҫ˳Զӣ
ֹͷǵġ
һߵսʿ˵Ҫ߾£ҲòˣǼȫûҪޱҪûʲôõˡ
˵ֱף⻰һ̵õ˵ĸ͡
ͷһ飺ȷҪߣ
ֹЦšš¡
Ǻðɡͷ˴ƤȡޱҷЩţϾǰζͱҲæˡ
ֹܸɴ
鶨£Զӽ뿪
ֹޱվ˰죬ŷ˷
˳ԶˣЦ
ֹʣˣ
صͷתʵҪζͱԼһ𣿡
ȷʵôġֹޱԼеޱȫϣ͵ζÿָҪһ롣
Ȳûޱһۣǿֹ£ʵϣб˵
ֹɻʣʲô£
䴽˵ȤҺ𣿡
ֹ𾪵Ҿѵ֪ģûʲôáսսʿֻ಻١벻ԼʲôطܸȷûҪ𣿡
û㡣ֹڴߣʣҿķô
ֹԥؾ͵׬ܶޱҡ
ʣ벻뿪һķݣ
һķݣֹԼ˻
ûǿһķݡ͵Կһʳ̷ֱ꣬ݡܿղʯ䣬ҪھԶĲС㿪˷ݺһģһʳ
ΪʲôңҲаɣ
Զӵľ䲻ܱκʳﶼܱ档ֻľбʱƣڸʳĻȻĸ˶ϣݿںԶĲ䣬ֻˡ
ʼľʳľʧȥãԼʳ
ȻҪȥԶĲʳķֹľʧȥǰõܶľ佫ʳﵹڹȥ̫ľˣʹ㡣Ҫǣľֲںпռ䣬쵽ҲҪüꡣռֲֻ꣬ڿҪĽ׶ΣʱõӾֲܴȥڼҪȺöꡣʱ䣬̫ˡ
ҿԱֻ֤Ҫ˷׬ܶޱҡ
ʳҪޱңõԼķȫȥޱҶġҪȥ㷹ݵˣ㿪̷Ƿֹݣܹݡ
΢΢סͬ⣬ҪȥǺԶĲ䡣ǴӴԺǸ䶨ӻǳⷿסⶼ㡣
ֹ̽˵ҪǲԸȥԶĲ䣬ֻھĲ俪ʳأ
ڲСȿ̷ݷֹݣںԶĲС
ֹ˼Ǿ˵ԺῪںܽĲ
ͷԼǣҪȴȥЩԶĲ䡣ȻҲܲʳꡣ
ҪȺܾ𣿡
ҵһǱʳġ
һʳˣҪȶã̷׬ޱҵٶȷ˶ֹûӣͬˡ
Ը⡣ʯҲûʲô飬ǺŰȥʯסģҪȥĸ𣿡
ȥĸ㣬粿ܽˡֱȥ粿䶨ӣǼ䣬ޱҾסµġ
ңֹԴ˲뵽˼粿ܽıȽϷٵĶǼ䡣
ѵڵղ䣬ÿ䲻ֻһ̷ݵģҪ׼
ֹʣм
ȷ˵ʱٿ
ֹȻԼĵܵܣиܸܵҾѵһҲȥѡеĲ俪ʳ𣿡
԰˵
Ǿͺáֹ˼صֻôޱңݵ£ܹܲܵޱ˵
ЦЦҿԽ㡣
ң㲻ޱܵ
㡣ŵʵԼֹһޱңͻϢڶԷԴӡ¾ӡǡԷԹԻǮ˵Ҫƭȡ
ֹضεעӣһʱʵɵúЦĪһʱָмУ˷ܼӡ
ֹ鸴ӵػصʯ䣬ٶȴʯ飬ʹҴҷղ䣬ޱңԼüľʳԼѡĲˡ
ֹûԼĵܵܣܸܵһŲҲޱҸԼĵܵܡһлǵ׬ޱڰܵܰɡ
ݵֹһȥΪ˱֤Է˵õȥôߵԶӸһȥˣ˳㱣ǵİȫ
ڸ·õʮʱһڸϵĿĵء


93 
ݲ佨һƬޱ߼ʵĲԭ, 粿ĸ֮һ
ֹݲܶΣ˵Ϻ졣ղ乻Զ粿ǽ, Ͱѿʳĵطѡ˲ݲ䡣
ȻޱңֹûѡֱڲݲһӣǴⷿסҪöޱ, ⷿĻ̫ࡣĿù̷˺ĳ, ֹ㹻ⷿӵޱ, ܹܿԼķ, Ӵ˳ΪݲһԱ
öӵ, ۲һ϶Ĵ·ϵĵ̣ɫ磬ֹڼ˹˵İ, ͷҪõιȵһӦ, æһУѾ͸
궫˯˹Ըôĵζȥʳ
ˡֹæͳľʳС
Զһսʿ⻰ʶ̿ˮ, Сεضż˹ɨɨȥ
ЩʳԼޱ, ǲܰ׳ԡ˹鵭˵Ŀӹ, Ҫʵ, Լޱ򡣡
Ŀ𣿡ϲʡ
ԡ˹˵žֱʳĵط, ⡢ǴŹǡŵȵ, Լʳϲ˺Щ, ĩ˵ݸֹ㹻ޱңͶʳȥһߴڿˡ
ζԴӸ죬ʱԾʱԵ̷ݵʳﲻһ˵м˹ڱ׳ԵҲܺƤǲǲǣζʱʱУȵȾҪˡ˿̲ԣҪȵʲôʱ
Եζͳ԰ɣҪȥԺ⡣
ţþûԴʳˡ
̷ݵͣսʿ·ҪԵʳԴһתҪֹޱҡݹȥޱңͼ͵ش
Ĳøޱңǳԡֹ
߽ߺҪޱҵĻǾͲˡ
ֹǽҰȫ͵ݲǳԶӦõġ
˹˹سʳڵֻ˳㣬÷ϡ
ɡ
ˡͷذڰ֣Ҷԣţɴ㡣
ֹεޱҡ
Ա㣬˿Ƥ͸Һλ˯
˵İЧʷǳߣһ죬ʳҪõĶ½½ȫ롣ٸһ죬ոʱ̷һſˡ
Լ̷ܹݣǺţ̷һſʼһֱš
һг緹˽ѯʡ
¿һʳ꣬ĸİ
û˵µְ´ƺͦԶɣ
ʲ֪ඡ
ʳ˵һ˵ѵʲô𣿡
Ҫ֪⡣Ͼͬʳﲻ𲻵˿ãǻᷴù
̸ʱ˹ֹվڵ棬ǵҲǼ˹
ֹվ˵ʳҿģҲ
ʳ𣿡
ǰɡֹͣʳҴһġ
жǲݲ𣿡
Ǹ˹Ȼ廰ǲݲģղġ
ղ䣿˺ЦѵǸֻóղ𣿡
ղˣǰɣ
˹ü˵׿ڳһ֪ˡʳѵǿǶܳԡ
ɵղǲݲԶɣôԶʳỵ𣿾ûʳ̺Ҳöɢ˰ɣ
ᡣ˹˵ɢ˻ʳﻵˣǲޱҡ
˵ģҾͰװ׳һڰɡ
Ҳʳﶼҳһԡ
󲿷˶ͷˣֻȼһҲĹ
ֹЦЦؽʳ
ʲôʳﰡʳһ˾ͷ׷׵ɴۡ
ôû⣿ɫʲô
Ȳ˵ζòãͦÿġ
ûղʵĶǼ䣬ֻӮղʳﲻҲֻкÿһӮɣ
һСһ⣬ֽģ·жҩݡ
⼸˱ǵζȴסˮԳԵˡ
ˡһһڵ͵ؽס
˸һ
ѽôˣǲó𣿡
ͦģѵ滵ˣ
жɣ
ͺȻض飬Ӳɷ˵һһ⡣ֱģһܵ
ôΡ̫ôˡڳݲ˵
⣬ֿʼǴŹǡŹǣֵ߲˱ǿš
˻ͷһӣʲôΪʲôҾͷŻһ
⡣˹һ㴽˵ֻղ̷ݲС
ʳҲǽ̷ݰɣô𣿡
ղȿģܹݡݲһ̷ݣԺ󻹻жźܶţеĲ䡣
еĲ䣿࣬ôҰġ
֮ǰѾڵڶνʳˣ˿ʵڳԵ㣬Ҳгˣȫͷǰʳ
찡Ҳ̫ó˰ɣղʳ
ΪʲôղôΪʲôôղ䣿
Ǳղ䲻߰ɣôǲݲŶԡ
ֻ֪úóԡ
һʳȫڶֽʳﻷڡ
µ˽̻ʵģ鲻Խϵʳͱע
ʳ𣿡
Ȼûź㰡
ʳѵʲô֪ܲܳʳ
ݲϲЩʳֹĲڳ׷
ʳǾǿģǷĳԡ
ǾͺãҪǸһģһʳ
Ҳǡ
˹̷һŵʳȫǴղ̷ġЩʳղ俪̷ݣЩʳԵĻȥղ̷ݰɡ
е㱻ˣϸʵʲôʳˡ
µһ֡ôΡһ˽һ֣ӵġôΡƮƮȥҵֹκӶֻʣ¡ޱҡ֡
ӵʱƺԤ̡ܸ
һԲֱţкö˱ԹŲԸ뿪
ڶһӣҪȵһࡣ
Զǰ죬üЩǴ̷һŵĴʽʼڲݲ䴫
졭ÿ˶ӡ
ӵģм˹ﲻ䷳ġղ̷ݡ֡
ÿղи͡ղʳǳóԡ֪ʼڲݲ˵Ժӡ
ͣ˼죬ȷֹݵ˶֪ղ̷ݵĴں󣬼˹̤˻س̡
һҪסʳֹʳ̫죬ԶԶԤʱ䡣
˹ͷľɱȥ
һصղ䣬ûüͱСؿʼ
ίû˵


94 
ʯļ֧Զ׬ʯҲס, ׷׼뵽͵ζĴ
ʯô, ޱҲֻһ͵ζҲ̫Զ, ʯޱҶ͵ζĻԶӣǾͲԼˣֱŶȥ
ǣղϽĲ, ȫ͵ζʯˡ
ȼܳԵ
ζ飬ҲõԳԲζʳˡ
ԽǶ, ʯ˾ԽϲЦտ
ϲԽǲ׬Խޱ
ñȽϽĲ, ζͱ˻ȫǴʯһ, ܿ˱Ĳע⡣
ζͱʯ𣿡˴̽
ǡʯ˵Ǵġ
䣿ĸ䰡
ա˵, ͱͬеʯ˸ס졣
ԷɿһԵ, ҪĶǴղ𣿡
˵ͷ
Ǳ𣿡ͬؿڵһȭ, ǸĲжٸʯζͱжٸǲǱ鲼еĲһû
ãȻգգۣжٰΪʲôҪ⣿׬ܶޱⲻѾ㹻𣿡
ͬɸִֵһȭ, ʯ䱾һζͱ˾Ͳ, ϽĲ涼ǵӰҶһ, Ͳ˵˭˭ˡֻȷҪ߱Ĳ, Ҳһ͵ζ𣿡
һ̫ͬ, ǵĶǰÿȥô죿
Ҫģղ̷ݾһҿʹ, ֻһ밡, һ, ٵζͱأ
˱ͬʸˣͶ˶ȴ˵κηĻ
ֵͬ˵ʵ̷ݵǲô˱͵ζѾҹȵˡȴһ㲻ټӽüһȻܹ֤˶㹻ı͵ζ顣
һʱ϶һ
ùãҪô죿
ϰÿҹ׬ܶޱңȷܵ˼ҹ׬һޱҵ𣿡
һ仰״˵ͷ
֪ˡд˵㾪֣ҾԲǲκ˵ġ
õ˱֤ͬԾɲģزһ֪ͨ͵ζǳ϶̸һ̸
˵쳣أ͵ζ鿴üҪȫ׼ʱ
˵Ժܿܲ͵ζˣ⻰ʲô˼
ǰúúõΪʲôͲˣ̷ݵԸˣ̫࣬Ǹˣ
ͬ齫Լ˵Ļظһ顣
ֳһƬž
ã˿յص˵һûʲôİ취أ
ѽô˵أûζͱʱ͸߹ˡ
Ҳǡһ˵Ҹ׷Ĵԡ
ҵûר˵ʳʱ˳شһ䡣Ҫ˶ð
ʲ֪һһ󲿷ֶٸ£
ö໹˵˵Ǵҫ˵ġ
䲢Ǹʯϵõģϵ䲻һĳ̶ȣʱʱԷȿ϶Ƿǳ֮ġ
Ժǲ׬ôޱˣ
˵һ䶼ζͱ᲻пΪ̫࣬˭Ķꣿ
Ƿ׷˳˼ʾ֭˼취
ͬ̾˿ܿҪʱȴȻһ䣺ҪǱ͵ζֻʯͺˡ
ֻǲͲ̫ܡ
һֲʲôʧ̷ݵͳϵشӦأ
ͬ龡ܾԼ룬ȻǿƲס˼Ȱ˵İ취
취취ʲô취˵Է
һв˵ÿöԷͬ飿Ҳ̫ˡҪܸһֱޱ򵽶Էͬͺˡ
ȵȣޱ
ͬ۾һΪԼ뵽õ⡣
һ˵õ˵ͬ
ܿģһޱڵ·ϡ
Դ˿֪˿΢΢š
²ԼӦǿҪģΪһֻκ໥תˡ
̵ͼѳɹκٱ˿û谭ġƫƫǸ䲻ķޡкܶ࣬һԭΪ޵ģټ١
ת̬Ϊ޵ģ󲿷ֶǺ˵ԭġټ
֮ûвοֻԼ
ֻʳ΢ǰ˵㡣ţʼÿÿ˯žȻ˯ǿԵģԼ˯ʹ˯˯ŲһĴ󡣺ʼûܸеʲô᲻𾢣Ϊ˼˷ݵӪҵʱ䡣ٺʼͷѴѵֵ
ʼԼ᲻ͷͺŷݵŶصԽԽ硣
ķݵĻҼע⵽쳣Ϊ˷ݾָǰ״̬һߴߴ⡣
ԷǾͱԣǿ˳ʱ䲻ԷҲû¡
û⣬ܵѧʳѧôˣܲãܵĻúϢҹ
ͷëǲΪϴͷëϴ̫ˣÿҹҪϴһͷëҪʮҹϴ᲻
ǸģǴСߡ
˹һӲıݵǰǾë޵ķ㣬ʹľˣ˵Щˮ쿪ϴͷëͲëˡ
һѾرۣ˵ñϴͷԸԶͺͷ
ȫͺôٷ
˹ˣСߵǳ
Сֱü˹˸СͷԲСԴŴݣͼ˵ƺԼһ̷ֻԽ̳Ϊ˵СҲ˸ͷ
ʮֻͷС̶һһ䡣
ͷĺ졣
ͷ˾Ͳϴͷëˡ
Сܽ᣺ְ֣ëһ㶼Ŷְôÿûͷë˻ÿŶ
Цá
ŶζŸͷûϵǱֻԴûëͲºܳô
Щûͼѵǣë޵͹ͺͺԴţҪôЩ̵ļҳԼ̺ȻͷͺԭأҪǱΪԼȾģǿɾ̫ԩˡ
߰Ĳ²Լԭ
ܼ򵥣⧲¶һëĴβ͡
˵ͱ䣬ΪԼҪˣ׼õľͿҪֲҲòˡ뵽һü죬귿ﲻֻβĬĬų׻ʱβλȻһ㶼䡣
Եʱ䲻ʧˣ
βͲܿһȥšüͷ˼š


95 
ʯζͱһô˵ֻѶ, ͬޱ۳ܳܵļֺ, Ȳظϵղ䡣
һ̷, ʯǾһ¡
ô˱ԭˣ
ǾãǱͶˡһָָԶС, û鳤öʹˡ
˻һ˵, ľս˵ôͻȻðôŶӣǾ̷ݵ˶֪ÿҹж˳ԵʳΪʲôҪװ˷ѵ˵Ȼθ, Ƕζͱģ
ܰɣ֪ĵζͱǴ̷ģҲһӾͳôİɣ
ҡȥ
һߵԶڸŶӵг
Ƕʳģ״ʡ
Էһ, ʳﻹʲô
Է, 㶼ŵλˣܳԵʳ𣿡
ȻԲˡԷЦЦ
һͷˮҪʣͼǰ˺ȻӶǰϳһξ, ǰŶӵĳ˵ļ
ĵǸαҪСһ, Էһػعͷ, Ƶʣʲô£
ʲô£һüңһһλвУ
СС붼;ܾ, вҵҲŶӣ㻹ұ˰ɡ
ôΪһҾͻ𣿡˷Цһ, ɫˢ, Ҫսһһ˵
һһʽս, κ˰æܾܾΪʵԷֻǸ˶֪ʵԷһء
˲ʶ˭˭ǿû֪С˾ܲԸսܾĻͻᱻЦ̧ͷ޺޵ص˶Էһֻҧͬ⡣
ֵܿ̿ճһƬλʩչ
ʯ˿Ŀɿڴ׺úõĶԶģô˵ʹ
ȻⲢǽ
ûƬ̣кüսķʽȫںսǰˣһһսͱԼġ
ʯ˴ս˶ѣʣΪʲôҪܣ
ʵƳһۣڵ˰ɣǴΪʲôźռǰǸλãȥ̷ݳԶ𣿡
ʯ˸벻ͨˣ̷ݲ˵˲ܲӸܴ𣿾̷ݲܣղ为սʿأҲڲܣ
˭˵㣬սʿ֮ս
⵹ǡʯ˵̷أΪʲôͻȻˣ
Ϊ̷ݹܲˣЩ˲ź޹˼ɵشܰ
ô͹ܲˣ̷ݲԼԶ𣿡
ԶҲû˼Щҿ˿ʯ˶ߣѹɤص˵͵͵㣬̷ݵ˷ǳǳصĲ
ʲôʯ˾г˲ôȻ͵˲ǵĵζͱô죿Ժܲ򵽣Ĳú𣿡
˵̷ʳʱԽԽ̣ʳҲǰ࣬ܳԵʳ˴٣˵ΪÿҪʳˡѽȥ˵Ӷ˶û飬ɥһʱʱ̾ء
ʯ˶ˣԴҶʳʱܳԵһͳһ㣿
ûΪǰͷλãҶǻսʤġ
ʯ˽Ϣϸ߸ͬ飬ͬѹԸš
úõô˵Ͳˣ
˭֪ǻǸϽȥɡ
һȺ˼Ҫ·ĲߣͱҸסˡ
ζͱģ˫ʶҲǣڰ˵򲻳ˣܼκˡ
ܼˣʯ￩һ£˺صĲ𣿡
Ҳ֪ô˵ص˵ͷ
ûҹҩҺʦ
ˡ
һղҩҺʦУȥʯ˵žҪ뿪
ûáǴ粿ҩҺʦ
粿ҩҺʦʯ粿ҩҺʦãĿҪ˰ɣ
˵߰ɣһʱʱͲͷëأ
˶û취̸£ʯֻγ롣
Ǿôȥ𣿡
粿ҩҺʦû취ô죿
ǵһǲҩҺʦκĲأ
ôף׵ʲô
⣬ˡ

ΪͷܼˣϾûͺͺҲûϵͷɶ
ֻǲҡһë޵Ĵβͳǰ
ֲǴҪչʾԼζƯһû¸βͳô£ս״̬ôɵԿҪݺݳЦģ˵һʶβͣϳô죿˭֪˻᲻ոպþ粿Ჿġ
ôβڷլһ¡
ôʱ䣬βͣԾû˿Ȼ䲻Ρ
ֵ죬ûγ֣ȴǰռֲڳˡ
ֲ֮ǰޱֲεֲ
ĥޱ˺˱Ӧò࣬һֲ죬̻˻ֲ
ĥûг
ֲڣܿ촫һůůǱΧ£ůɿ֫ٺ忪ʼ΢΢ط
һһӿ･ѹġ֨죬еԼ֫ڲܿƵԶ˷·˲һƤƵģԲۡ
ƺֺֻһգ۵Ĺ򣬵عҰ˱仯
֫ϸʵǰȣֳܵİɫëβͱøɣһ볤ԽСԴֻεĴֱͼ⣬ɫͫŹ⡣
αΣԼжõ˺̶ܴȵӾ쳣
׾ͷ˵С̽𴲺͵͵ڴµ鲼á
һʪ鲼á
գգۣ
αȺҪߴö࣬Ƕһ˫
̫չԼѩ׵Ĵʱһע⣬ֱӰѷס
ųƣΪѵ룬Ǿôţðſƣջسأ
ûһȫľٿ̱ڵ˯ȥˡ

СҲûˣ󣬴߾ҪԼ
ԼСü죬߲ݣԲȣϸһ׶ߵĴ
ϴСͱʧܺμ˹ȡѵ˸ˤĴ
˹ģһġֻţԴĪͿʼſգȷſսһȫĳĶͳˡ
۾Ǵ󣬾ԴϵƤëϵòеһһͷִأֻ䴹ʵڳ󵽲С
壬ôͱһֻĴ
ȵȣʲô
˹ҡҡͷⶪԺĬĬ˼ʧƷҪҪ


96 96
ǲ, Ǹǳص⡣
˹ü˼ãȥ̽̽Ŀڷ硣
ϲ𣿡
ͲСȻԲһҲûһϲĶ
˹һ·, һôʲźá
ÿ𣿡
ÿ
ˣʵе嶼ÿ㿴רŸ, ͺܳɣ͵͵㣬ʵĳġ
˹üͷԴҡҡͷʻǲСôˣһᴫ˲䡣С峤еĻû
ߵſˣ˹Ծû˵һܵõԼҪĴ𰸣ֲԵʷ
˹ŷ̾˿
뿪ĵ, ӵͷë߳, ôôأ
˹˼šĹءȻ˽ȥ
ĿһƬѩ׵ë, һӰ
˹һ, û, 붼˲˵ϵ
һӦҰ޴, ȻַˡһֱСҰ޵Ļ϶ڵһʱ
˹侲, ϵġҰޡתһ£΢΢̧ͷ
ţ壿˹ϲص, ܱ𣿡
ղŻûע, һ侲, Ϊù, ˹ŵ϶еζ
Σ˹СëֻôͻȻΣǲܱ𣿰ˣڵͷëѵ˵ܱΣͷë𣿡
˹һ죬һ߶ɿȷһ״
û⣬ֻˡ
˹ֱ׾ٽڼϣӵƵ˴ϡ
һУ˹ȥСĴ
ˣɡ
һֱ˯
⼸췹ʳﶼӺܵæҵ֧ţ˵ԶʳҲõģԷǵûһԹģһ磬һҪ˵ɥ顣
Ϊʲô
ȻΪǶ֪ˡزԣֻŵ
ϣôõΪʲôҪǰ
һ񼵶ǣҲʳ
ͲܵȵȻٳ˾ҲˣȥʱɱȻŵʱҪܾúܾء
ļҲôȥ
ҲŲŲţԲģ˶˳
ҲսʿѯʣһĴȫꡣ
Ժнɢȥʱġ
ؼĻ
ʲôʱˣǱ˸
ԣΣ
ˢءԼ״̬ǰȴȥһûȣһᣬ´ȥŵü˹æס
ˣ˹ֱ쳣ذڴϣ壺ܱˡú£ͷëͺġ
˼εſҡ
˫۱ʱɴˣ۾·һˮü˹ʶ򴽣еڸ
Ӧұġ
Ĳġ˵㿴ҶǷˣô᲻ˣ
Ҳԡͷëôܸȣ˹ſ
±ʱĸоӿһůһۣ±Ρ
ġ
ΪʲôҸǱӣ˼ʡ
ô󣬱Ӳǡ˹͵ؽͣ˱κƤëƬԸ󲿷ֺ䣬ҲûǱӵıҪ
ľ˵˿ô죿תһ룬˴ûڲ٣ôһʵԵ⡣
˴ԡǲģ˹Լñάԭ״ıᵽǰ
մ·ϴסˡ
ûע⵽ļ˹Թ˵һֻαѿЩұ֤ζԺóԡ
գգֱۣ֪ôĵ
壿ЦˣһֻųĹһֻ͹
α׶ߣζòȷһߣͲܲܳԵ
ο͹һۣշǳĺãеĶУȱǰûȱ
ȫꣿһ㶼볢ԡ
˵˹ôŪ͹ѵҲֹ
ӵĹʡ
Ρ˹ǿһ飬ҡҡͷֵͷ
ɵؿ
ԣкֵܶˣˡкܶûĶӵĳ󹷣Ĺ
󰡣ͦɰġЦ˵ȴƽ
ȴˣѵ˵
ô˵˹ˡ
ʱһСһƵľûǰ޴ıֱӱˤ˸ʺ
ʹС̹س
ףҪ
˹һżβ͡
͵͵ġꡱ𣬸һģһĴβʹӱ׹Сƨϡ
С߹˹ۡ
æָסСƨһͨᡣ
˹һ߰ѵԣһ¾ͺ۶
۾ۡСһֻСָŵϵı񣬡ʲôô̫ˣôְֵһг򣿲ԣǳͷһӶࡣߵؿż˹ҲְֵˣΪʲôҪѰְŪôѵĸҰְֳúÿƭҵ𣿡
βְֶ͡ͷëˣ㻹βôʵҾײһ͵ˡѵ˵㲻ֹðְֵͷëͺβ𣿡
Դ˵֮С߻һ˵ôĻ˵һƣؿؿڡ
˹
̣ݺݵش

Ϣһ룬ĻŻŵӿĳȫ
ʳ
ǴŹǵζ
أζ
ε¸һ䣬ٶȽݵ⣬ӪҵʱָΪ˱ʾԼھΣҲΪ˸лˣСرҡ
ͬʱ尾صȵ͵ʯ˵һʱ
˵Ұѱ͵ζֻʯ
ʯ˽ŵؿ˵ͷ
ԥصղʯ丽Ĳ䣬ܴӦֻѶԶľͲˡ
Ϊʲôʯʧʡ
ʣԸȥЩԶĲ䣿
жԶǶԸȥں˵
Ц˵˵ԶԶ粿Ჿ䡣
㾹ȻѵζͱôԶ𣿡
ٵζһôԶĲ䡣˵ҪԸȥôԶҾʹӦǡ
һʱ
粿Ჿ䶼ʯ̫ԶˣҪ߲ٵ·ʱڽĲ䣬֪˵ζͱˡ
ǾͽĲ佻ʯ˺ˡ
û⡣ЦеصѣȥԶĲҲҡԶˣҪޱҲҪ߰
ʯ˵ʧʱһɨա


97 
лɣڻҵǰ͹, ȻȫһãȻ
ͣǹεһ֧𣿡
ûͣ֡ʲôص𣿡
, ʲô𣿡
ʲô
ʲô
һֻ͹ֻߣëߣˬ
ӱʲô, ֱĴ˼, ˼ȥ죬˾
׼Ӵ֡
ҹ, ˯С̺, һ˸ڼ˹ķš
ƺϴ, һ˿һ¶ˮ, ôһ˫Źš
һ
һڵİɫƤôƬƬȻײ۵, ΢΢޳֫žͽ׳оСĸָҪִһҪ, ϸ
£˹ɫͫҹɫ΢΢Ź, 䵭ڲɨŵʱ, ʲôζҪҰæһ𣿡
ζе㲻ȻƿĿ⡣
˹ɻʣʲô
˿, ƮƮ˵㲻˵˯ž𣿺ҹһ̱Ƚ˯š
̻𣿡˹ȵʡһ㶼˵Ļ, ֻ˵˯ž˯õĲˡΪǴļ˹׼һ, ȻֺķӦ
Ϊ˯ž̡
ר̸ȡ
˹鲻Խ, ۾רעض
ⲻϲʲô
, ôϲķ, ˵˯ž˯Űɡ
лл㡣˹ֱùıӣͷ˹ˡͰһ̸ȥܺúȡ˹ָĨȥߵ̣õذѱӵݻ
˯𣿡ŵʡ
̵ô𣿡ô꣬˹˾ͲܿƵػһΡ
˯˰ɣæסݾܾذ߰ȥ
˹Դһմͷ˯Ϯգۼ˯˹ȥ
ˡ˿ﱻӽֲ֭ҺιȥȻ߼ӵķ̶ֳȣֻ˯΢һЩѡ
ֱӷų̽ߵԴҪŴľ˿ܲҳҪ֪Ĵ𰸡
ľܴ˰ʾʾеļ䣬ͻѣ͵߱**
ʮӹȥȻûκβ
ѵ˵Щ仹ûЩ
СԼľŴԺȥ
ô˿СʱҪֲùȥֲ֭ҺСʱͻɢɾκαֵĺۼ׼´ʱ㴫˲
ΪСʱ㹻ˣڿܶࡣҺҪļҵˣ˯Ȼ״Ͳٿؾĵط̽ȥ
һһ㣬ľӽĿĵء
ԼľסߵƾܵõԼҪĴ𰸡
Ŀĵصִ˫ȴȻɵúܴ
ˣԴоˣ
ôܣ
ȥߵĵﲿλһɨͬҲ˲еˣ
ԼԼľϵϱӾеģ˾ԴѾܣΪԣҲԴԴ˺;˴źΪһ壬ܵĲɫģɫġ
ѵĲǾܣʲô˾ͻʹһڵ
ԴľһɫǱϵ߸еľɫǰɫɫǰģǾѵȼġɫӦͼսʿɫмɫǸ߼սʿ
Ǹ߼ġ
һͷ飬˵ʲôζ
Դоˣ˵ϱҲǸߣȻǲǸͬһ磬㻹ҪȷϡϲãһͬĵˣǾͺܲˡҪһ磬ǵ˵ĸʾͺܴ󡣱ϵ߱Ͳ࣬ĵˡ
û취ЩϵѵľԼܣȴѸˡ
ôԽԽ
ûϱѣҲǱϵܡѻ᲻ͼ˹ͬһСϾͬѱ׺ݣһľҪͨͨԵأС˼Ҫ£һ㶼ͬ
Ū֪ģ׼ˡɿջҪվ
˹ʱȴͻȻۡ
һһˤ˼˹ϡ

⣡ǼеĶ΢㹻߲Σѹ߻ֲ֭ҺЧȥˡ
˹
ʲôʱ˯ŵģ˯ΪʲôҪſϣǡҪ
̺ãϧõʱ̡̫
ǸþܾǼװûۣ
ˣõ

æ뿪һüŴ߶ЩΣ룬ֱӰָԶĲȥˡ
˹ǰ˴ĵζ飬ľ䱣ʣװ˺̷ܶݵʳ
ǻΪĳԵЩղԶĲܿ촫
ʼ˹Զ̶ֻһһȡĳɹͻһڽ䣬һһ뿪ˣԭǸԵĻǶܼڽȥ򡣿ǵȵֵԽ࣬ԽȥĲԽ֮˹ȥĲԶǣͱԹôˡ
˹ö·ʱĵΡ
ÿһʱʳˣû˵̫ԶĲǾԸϹȥҲԲˡԭûԹҲˣǳԣϲϳԺȴ뿪ҲԲţǲ̫𣿡
Ҫÿ䶼
ԵĻͲҪܾǡ
˹ü˵˵˵ղ̷ݵԶӣԵĻȥǲԣҲȥǵʳ˵ζͱԼ
˵ȥǲԣʲôʱ˵Ҳʳˣ
˹׳ˣû˵
׳ҡҡͷû˵
˹ʣôҲ˵
ˡÿ⻰̶˵𣿲ܣʱһǶϰ߲˵ˡ
һתת
̷ݹߣȻ˵ǵ뿪ʱɫ̫ÿѵǸܹⲻ˵ģ
ţ֪͵͵ܲܵõһβŶӾͳԶĻ᣿
˹½һ顣
ֻ͵ζ飿Լܳ𣿡
ӣ̫ˡ
ʳҵ˲ȥĲֲľ䲻ʹõֻ˹ȻʳΪǿȥղԶӵղ䡣ζͱˡǰԼʱͳ߼ʹõľҲȼ
˹ھԼȻ˵ҪĻǺΪֲͶ뵽˸ıС


98 
ľʦղ𣿻᲻˹⴫ļϢ
Ӧò, ϢڻҲ˴ġ
ǿɿ𣿡
˭ұ粿, 壿۾е̵˲мЦЦںص˵峤ߵսʿר˵, ˵ɲɿ
ˣһϵķⶶ˶, ״ʣ˭
⣬˵©ˣ
˰˼װûͬʻ, ҹҪˣǵ߿㡣˵һԹͷǰߡ
Ŀ׷ȥһס˰˵ĸ첲, ƤץһޱȥüŪ۵ص͸˵һ˵ɣҿǺòײŴĺö, ѡΪ峤ֵµսʿġҪΪ֪ʲô鲻Сǵ峤ŭ, һҸϳġ
˰˺ٺЦŰޱװ, شչȥС˵ޱҵķ, Ҿ͸ɡôӦһ, ԲܰҸĻ˵ڶ
ظĵžž, ģ˵
˰Сˣʵŵ˾ǰ峤İ¡
ԭǰ峤˺İ£˾ȵʣ峤˵ĲѾΪʲôҪսʿȥţ
˰ʼ, ҾͲˡҲǰ峤ֵ˷財ڵ峤ǰ峤ԼŪ, Ǿȥš
峤˵İչ𣿡
˵Ǹǰ峤˰˰˳ǰ峤ǿչ, һ, Ǹԣյͼѵ̶򲻹û˶ţǰ峤һָͷʹˡ
ŵʣȻôѵ˵Ƿ޵ĻǼٵģ
ġ˰ҡҡͷ֪ǰ峤ôģôǿսʿѡƫƫһޡ޽ء
˹Цûнӻ
˹ԸһӲҪ¡
˵ϢڻҲ䣿ѵ˵ǰ峤˺İҲڻҲ𣿡
ôܣ˰ɤ͵ذθߣɱϹ˵峤ôܰĺŪҲȥˣǲҪ˵ˡ֪ģļ˾Ƿǳϲ̸۹ǰ峤£Ͼ峤£˭ǰϵôأ
˺ǺЦЦ첻ٶ˵
粿ǿͳ죬嵽ղҪߺܳʱ䣬ߵһһǼ
˿Ƿ㡣ŶٸҹǾһ·ˡ
˰˵Цһܸ졣
ò׳һΣô·ʲô
ҲôġǻǿҸʳԵ㶫ɣҿˡ
УǾӣһǼҲʲôóԵ
˴󲽽˲䣬һʳ߽ȥ
˶ǾͱʾʳĶóԡ
ʳѹûпλӡæ˼˽æ߹˼ЦЦʳûпˣҪһȻȥʳԣ
˰˲˵ʣҪȶã
ܳʱ䡣
˰һ䣺ʲô˼Ҫ𣿡
ǲǣ治ǡ
ļҪԼߵǰǵʳﻹûܲܰλøǣͳһޱңǰãޱҸ򡣡
ϧķʧˡ
áԷ˵߿ҪӰҵ³Զ
һ㶼һӡվûڣŵĴ˾͵ãҵʳˡ
ֻһĿ꣬û뵽ĸˣǶͬһ𰸡á
ֵض˰˵ʳĶôóԣޱһԸ⡣
˰ɨһϵʳüЩͨĿ⣬һǲ˶ûԹö𣿡
ǲǿŲóԣʵʳܺóԣ
ߣһԲ֪ˡ
ﶼеѻ𣬲ԵͲˡ
Ǿڷɵš
ʮӹȥʮӹȥСʱȥ
Ϊʲôûߣ˰˱ʡ
ѹŭ˵ҿмϵʳͳˣЩ˾Ųߡ
˰ߵһŲߵǰݺһ棬Ϳ
˵ʲôԷվ˭˵ǳˣԼλû£ҿŶԡ
˰̾;ȭͷҪ֣æס
һٵҲǼ䣬ҪǶ֣ᱻϳȥġ
ǸҿǴ粿ġô˵˰ȴԲС¡ҲҪһǲ䣬粿ͷŭˡ
ԭǴ粿ġЦЦ̵ʹߣҲá
㡪
ôʱ䣬ˡ
һͻȻ˰˵ĻܵҲˣԷһ麰š
˵ζ鿾⣬ٽȼҲûôѶȹˡ
˵ûһҹҶ˯ž
һǼʳղԶķΧĲʳԶһ򵽱͸Ͻȣǲʱѡ˺ҹԭֻΪ˶ϲҹ
˵ʲôʲôͱ
ǵζ飬û˵Ǹʲô㿴õĲһô
ԿôȻǵǲˡ
ô˵ȼԵǺѵġû´Ļĸ˵İɡ
ǳԹ뿪ʳꡣ
ſ£еʳﶼݣ
һʳ
˰˱Ӷ˶ʲôζôһ㲻ǿ⣿
òӴ˴ÿ˵ҧһڣ˻۾һζζ̫óˣ
˰˼û£Ҳǿҧһڡ
ôģȻҴûζһǲô𣿡
ͶöӹУ˿ȷʳﲻܳԣóԵУ׷ͷ
ʳܿԹ⣬˾ͽеڶ֡һֱûа϶ǲδͣ
ǻʲôΪʲôôöûù
ˡӶ˽͵
ʲô
ÿҹһóͻᱻ⡣ʵԣ¸ҹҪȥʳûС
ʳҲУǲսʿܶࣿ
С࣬ǴӱĲġ
ĸ䣿
ӶҡҡͷЦеôԸ˵ˡǲ˱Ϊϰı٣ٸǰˣ˭֪ǻ᲻Ҳ
֮żҹʱ˼ÿζ˱͵ζ顣󲿷ֵȫսͲǱǴģǷҧޱȥ֪˴𰸡
ղ䣬Ȼղ䣡
һΪľʦǿղĸԲԸˣԭǳԵ߲ô
ղʲôʱôģʳȥĲ䶼׬ޱң
Ｑ֪𰸣˰˲˷ŷѸղȥ
ǲûղ䣬˶ղǰ˲֪ٱĳûʲô̫ľȡҪ˵ԾǸеղսʿͦġ
һ㲻
˺̷ܿݵĴʵҲʮＸоŸ붼ʱʱ˵ĸ֡
컹Ǹеӡ
ûɣһʳ껹
ȥ
˳˳̷ݣ˲ɵôסˡ


99 
ĿյϷһŵĳ, ʳＸѻСɽƽĺ⡢ǴŹǡŵȵʳﲻȫ, ⻹üǴûζб⡢ع⡢, ԼɫơµεĸֻȫҰޡ
Ұ, ̺͹֭ȻҲСһͰͰװذڿյ, ȡáƽʱһӱı, Ҳһó˺ö⣬н˸ֹı
˵ʳֶ˺ö, û⼸ʳ, ̷ݳԷҲֵÿҪ졣
Ϊʲô
Ϊʳܹ
Ŷӣõóʳ, õʳʲôʱͻԼֶֻܿ顭
ԷſӾܳ, ֻҪܳԵ£ʳҹԱ֤ꡣ
˰˺ͷҵ̷ʱ, ľʹ, Լٶػشĳ
ÿ˵ٶľʵĳ̣߸ߵطһѶѵʳЩʳ¸͹, ⿴ɫͽ̲סˮЩ˵ûʳǵװһ̺͹֭, ˮ, ͸е˳ָƤڽƺȼĸ¶Եòôˡ
ȱܻӭĵȻҪͱ, һһڵıֱӡꡱҧ, ˳ʳθ, Ʋס, ĵ͸͸ġʱĸ˻ηȼֱ޲ȼɴȥˣȼһȥĳԱ
˺˰˱ͱɹͷȺһڿڵĲǺǳԱĻ̵ס
໥һۣĬؾͳŲԶıȥ
˵ߣһ·ںüͣЪÿξȻǡôʱ䣬˵Աˣܼĳ඼á
ŰܣԽʧܾԽǵǣֱҪΪ˵ħ
ϷźöǰδǶһֱиͣʳƫƫסˣ
ҪԱ
ҪȳԱ
һǲ˶ԵˣЩǲôûԹ
ˣˣ
ǰȻǽȴǺȻǰ
ĿѵصǵˣǸң
ҺЦŵʳÿޱҡ
ޱң˾ȳ
ԡҵͷ
ֻҪޱңȫţޱҾ𣿡
û
˺˰˱˴˿ţӶԷ۵ײ׽˶Ļɡ
ޱңôóԵʳԵ̷
ݵɵÿɰ
³һԷᷴڣ˻ͳޱһΪ˱ͬ飬ر󷽵Ķޱҡ
ޱģûˡ˵̽ץ
˻˰˵鲻ô粿ЩŪıҲûʲô𰡣ǲ˾ûԹöһøƵġ
ҧһڣβ£׽һ
ף𣿱𣿡
һ۾˵ûζֻζ
˰˲˵ˡ
ðɣͳʲô̷ݵıǲıóԺˡ
ִ۷̹ʳĳ̴
飬װǸͷС顣
УһľҪװǸƬסһʳװ
֪֪ԣȳ֣ٳԱġ
װʳһûпӣǾѧ˵ӣϯض̳
Ȼ͵ҲоƵģڷʳĳ׿⡣
ģҲôó𣿡
찡ʲôζ͸Żһ
һǱŻˣϣ㾹Ȼӡ
ø
˳ӣ˰ڷ䲻ؾΧĳЦ
һ˰ɡ
һǣǿ϶ûԹ
ӶѣôŻ𡣡
˰˺üŭĿǿǴ粿ģôûԹ˰죬¸
Ŷղ˹ЦﲻԼͬһɽ
˰˲ࡣ
˵ˡ˸ط£죺ǱûԹ
˰ˡߡһղе粿϶ҲУҷز䣬еطҲҪҳǸ
˷ۣŤͷһͶʳС
Ȼ˲ɾͺѳԵˡ
͵ģʽŪл˵ģҲֻôһ죬ʧҲûʲôϵ
컹ûʳ˾һӹĵҪҲԲκһ㶫ˡ
ע£ʣʳﱻҵ˰ڹǰָԼйӶˡ
Ұ޵ĵطʯʺԸԳԵ̷ݵʳ
ðЩӶ˲ýޱҾܰװ׳Եеʳ
öء
иʣʳѾԵˣؼҵޱҲˣʲôʱߣ

Ҳи⣬صǻܸһֻҪޱңԹӶ˵ʱ򵽷ݵʳ𣿡

ؼҵ⻹ɡ
գ˺˰΢̷ݡ
˰ŶƤ˵ϸҹô࣬Ȼԡ
ô磬ӰԵҹܳԸˬɣ
һŶӵԽԽ࣬Ķһͷ˳Ծͬʱȵ˷ݿš
һݣ˰˾ȲʣʲôʱʳҲޱ𣿡
Ц˵˼Իֻһҹ
ûˣ
ͷǲˣĸҪһޱ򡣡
˷ɣ򵽾С
һĸԸ˺ܶ࿾ֵԵ뱥˶㣬ԹʳﶼУԼϲž͵һѡ
˳źȻ̾˿˵ܲܶҹ߰صɾͳԲôóԵʳˡ
˰Ҳõصϧղͬ˲䣬ȻҾ￴ˡ
ǸϽľʦɣ峤Ƕ𡣡
˳꣬ϴľʲ֪һһľȻס̷
ңľʳ⣬˴ţе΢΢ġ
ľʦ̸ǻز䣬峤˲ˡ
˰ưľ˵ʣ峤˭
˰˰˵ġ
壿֣ͷҩ͵̧ͷˣ
ǰ˰бһۣƺķӦ⣬תͷҪľ˵ЩʲôȴǱȻס˲һ۾Դһһת˻Ŀϡ
ô᣿
ǰ峤İô


100 
˰˾ؿ, һ顣
㡢˭ã侲һ㡣
˼һתû, Ц˵Ҿ̷ݵ
ʲô˰˵Դˡ
ֻĻǰԳøǰ峤İһģһƫƫǸǰ峤Ǹް¾ȫͬˡ
ѵ˵ǲһˣֻ
ֻ˵Ǿһ, ʵǰ峤һֱԼ
һֱƭԼǸޣ
Ļ, Ҳֲ̫˰ɣ
˰˵ͷԽԽ, Լһ亹
ôˣ˺Ȼһ, ŵ˿ܾ, üʣ㵽ôˣʲôҵľʦ, ƿҩҺһȣ
û¡˰˿ӿӰͰ͵˵۾ȻǿŷˣȴƲס顣
ʼһݵ΢Цģ, ͵͵۲˰㷲
ǰ峤İ£Լ, Ӧûܺ²Ŷ԰ɣ
ʱľ͵ľʦ, 峤ʱ, һֻǳǳǿҰޣ˳, ˺غصˡļ˾Ѿ峤, ܳκ, ֻʹ, ϸʱ취
峤Ұ޴ˣʲôҰôľƵʡ
ҡҡͷҲ
ľһʣ˳ǵ˾β峤һҩҺʦʲô취
峤ĿǰǼ˾Լţ⽫еҩҺʦۺٺҩҺָơǲһҩҺʦڣҩҺЧá
ľǫ˵ҲûбȱҩҺʦȥͲǻȥ˰ɣȥ˻ȥĳʳ
С˰һľԸ⣬͵ػعݺݵвҪǲͲҪǻȥ
뵽İԵǿľεط˸ۣıҪȥ
صͷ룡
ľЦתͷ˵ҲˣұߡܲܶʳͷܱʳľҴߣ
Ц˵û⡣
ľ˿ģһҩҺġ
Ա˰۾ϴ󣺡ҩҺʳҩҺһЩʳȻģҲ˷Ѻòã
ľһûˣ䵭ʣʲôʱ뿪
¸ҹ
¸ҹ
һͬʱڣ˾εضһۡ
ʾ⣺뿪˿ɾͳԲóԵʳˡ
˰ҲӦ峤˰
ˣм˾ڣϺþá
˰ˣаɡ
¸
뿪䣬˰ע»صϡ
ôԲͬ壬ȴһģһˣֹʹţ⣬ʲôˡ
ֹ˰˻ҲͦϴЩϢ
Ĳ㻹пշ䣬ԸĻס˵
ģȫ֮á
˰ֱֱʣĸˣ
գգۣġ
壿߶˹ͷ壿ûţֵܱҿ𣿡
˵˾͹ؿһۣôͻȻ˱Σڸսˣ
Ե޹һʶ˱ΣԷս
˰ҲӦ˹ԥƬ̣ҧʳôʵ϶ҲǿҾܡݵ֪û
ǸԱôʾͲܾȻϵģǾܾˡ
˼һҪȥչ̣ûʱ䡣
̿üҪչ̣ɺܺúǿ
˰ȴ͵ǰ峤̵ģͫ΢΢һѵ˵Ҫչ˵ֻ̾Сߣ
ȥ𣿡Ȳʡ
ΪĻžܾû뵽۶գһ¾ͬˡ
ð
˸ֱǵ԰
˰·üΣֻÿķŶصģһĳһ˰˽ŵ
áọ̈
ôộ
û취ƭԼô̶ǰ峤İڱͳġϾôֻ˵ЩһǳԲͬ塣
Ϊʲôộ˰˲ĵʣĸ
ְ֡СŷཱུСȷɿ˹ֽ̻ǳһ׸
ֹһȺС̾߸
ֻֻܵÿ죬ܵÿ죬һֻûͷëһֻûβë֣֡
ǳ飬棺㰢ǰȻҾš
Сߵְ֪
˰׻صǰС̣ŵʣ̣
Цǰ
ôܣǰ峤ͼѻԶˣѹܱˣ
˰˸ɰͰ͵ص㡢㻹б𣿡
ûˡ˵
˰ϸϸŹһѰһ䣬ʵҲһСεټŲò뿪
㵽ôˣһصŸǵķ䣬˾ʵԴӼľʦһֱֵֹġ
˰룬ǰķָ˷ˡ
ʲôǰ峤İ£ֱӱĪ˵ǲ˵ǰ峤Ҳˣ
˰ӡ¡һ£԰ôǰ峤ˡ
Уҵóȥٴ˵궪·ˣԹ˳ȥ
һһһϲκ󣬻ѡڷ˰˻
һСʱ˰˻ˡ
ôżʡ
˰˺޺޵ӣʲôҲûʳǵͿ
һ㶼ûУ
ֻһ㡣˰˵˵壬ǸİҲԡȻЦ֪Ҳˣԣһһ㹻ˡ
ǿЦ˵᲻Ǵɰ
ء˰˰ڰ֣һô죿ҵøϿ峤˵վ̾Ҫߡ
˶ûüֻŶԷ˲ʧڷվԭɫֱ䣬߳ȥš
һֱþˣ˰˵£Ҫסû뵽Էٿزˡ
֪΢Ŀռ䲨Цʧ
û뵽ѵľȻ˲˸ֲ̾ʧˡҲûʲôҪ׼Ķˡο˵峤˵úأţʱ䡣
ȵҹݣȹЦݸ


101 
˰ʹҴ, ľ, ֱӺҩҺӿָָֻҩҺͬһҩҺʦ, ļ˾üֻǲġ˰˺þõޱ, ټΪȺ˹ײźò׻ƿҪʱ̸᲻úȡ
Ϊһܰٷְٿ϶ϢҪȹ⻻лָҩҺ, ˰һ߸·һﲻͣصѪ
ǸһҪǰ峤İ¡
һǵ, ûи
һù, ˰˶߶ͳһƿָҩҺҧгɫ˰, ǰҩҺƤ
벿䲻ԶˣһƿҩҺʡ°ɣ
ƿҲ֪ҪܶޱҲܻһƿ, ܵø·ɣ
;һ䡣
˰˺ͷͬһսʿӵģһֱĳѾóʱûع, ȥղľҲǰмյ
ȥޱҶý˰˴ɨǼ䡪
ﵽˣƺǰʱĶ˺ܶࡣһɫҴҵ, ˰еɻ󡣲ûзϣ෴˿
粿ĶǼһû˥ܵ, 񻹸˲, ˵峤˵ϢûдӹĲ䱳ѵ, ϶ǻ᲻֣ҵġ
á˰ֹһ䡣
ɿڴ·ϴ, ·һҼʳ, üҹûԹһȷ˰һŵʳ, ˮͿƲסؿʼġ
ڲУץʱС
ףζ㡭˰ۣ¶һ˿ãζôеϤ
ζǼʳǡþǰ˰˿߼ϹȥͿ֪˼ĳ顣
ʳܻӭ̶ֳȵĳֻղ̷ݼһΣû뵽ײˡ
Ҿ˵ôóԶʳôֻղС˰˹Цһ䣬̧ͷҪʳʲô֡
ż·ûճԷȼס´
Ȼһ̧ͷͿˡ̷ݡĸ֡
ǲʶĸֵģȴ֪ĸͼƴľ˼
̷ݣ˰˾һô̷ݣ̷ݲղôܵˣ
̷ղ䡣һĻĻش𣬡ǲһ̷ݡ
һţ˰ʣȥղǸ̷ݣ
ҡͷ
ô֪ģ
Ц˵Ȼʳ˵İ
˰˽һգʹͳޱҪӵĻᡣ
̷ݶܵˣղǸǰ峤İ£òĵһԷʲôĿġ
òŵ˰ǹ۲ʳ̷ֶеģȴ̷ôࡣʳҲǵģԾװõġ
ʳǴղ̷𣿡˰˿⣬ţһζ
Էͷĸ˰ѧѧ
˰˶ҡһ£ܿ췴Ӧ
ԣܶͬһ䡣
ͬ䣿ǲ˵ҪȥĲ䣿Ǹɵòʳ꿪вɣ
˰͵ض⡢ǺôҰģ
Ȼ˾ôѵãҪԼʳÿ䶼У⡢ֱȼ˾Ҫ
˰Ȼһʳﶼ˲öԣææͿʼ·񱼡
ƻʱ֣ţط壬ȥ峤
ôҵľˣ峤Ǹȼ˹ˣʮҡƣڴϣƳʱòɫ쳣ҰףݵòС
ҡҵˣľʦϡ˰˻ص
峤һΪʲôʹɵĿͶ˰ˣɫȥɶԷǲǱԼ
塢峤ΪиҪҪ㡣
˰˲˷ʱ䣬æԼķһһʮ˵˳
ʲôղ˺˹µˣ峤ϰ͵̧شϣϢŵôܣƽº˺֮ǰͼ˹͵Ҳˡ
峤ǣ˹ʡ
峤̵ʣҲûʲôϢ
ûСҡͷ
峤ؿָе˷ԸȥҲ俴һ
˴ǡ
˰˺峤ĻָҩҺһ̴ָҲȥ
˵Ĵ£ֱ˻Ҳ֮ǰסƷû߽
˳˵ղ俴˳ǰ峤µˣûǺúõƷءԸԼµ˰ûһɫ
˰һԲ߹ȥƿš
һֻڽĴӳ
ôдڷ˭Ұ޵ģƹޣֱŵضȥضﻹ뿪ʱԭĴĴǻ
˰üʣȷûܣ￴Ųס
ҲǸֻסأô˵ȴƷȥҼ˵ˡ
ŽȥʱǸں˯Ժ˵˲ѹôˣ
ֱʵ㿴ŵȥˣ
ǾǸƷﰡ
Ҹȥûˡ
᲻ǳȥˣҹȥ
ܿ췵Ʒ㷲Ҳƽ㿴Ǻúõڷ
Ĵ鿴
ⲻ𣿡غٺǲ𣿡
䣿һǲڶҡı飬ľ˵
ǹȥקֻޣקÿֱ̫ק
ȷֻ޵ͼ˹޿̣ȥһͨᡣ
˰˹еǰ峤İˣǿڰǣǻþһǻþ
ȵǴæϻʵ߸峤峤ʱһѪ
и˵ȫ޵ӡϳЩ˵ģսʿɱݺݴһˣ峤˳һЩ
ȥղңȷǲǼ˹Ǹޡ峤ĸ˵ҵ󣬿ûлָҪü˹֡
ĸʣҪûָأҪҪŪ
峤˵á
ŪȵڣֻǼ˹Ļָ˵ʵڲһ顣ɱǾֻٻһΡ
Ǽ䣬սǰ
֮Ͳ˰ܲˣڰͻ󣬾»صղ䡣
峤ľ壬˰ΪԼĺģղҹܼܲǰ峤
ǰص̷ݵĿͷžͱ׽˸š
ܲӻ֣΢Ц˵°ɡ


102 
ôҷ˰һ, һſڵء
Ц˵
ȡң˰˴ӵ, һȦûҵ, ﲻɵÿһ£ҵͬȥˣôֻһڷ䣬ǡô, ˽ʲôȥˣô˽ǵķ
˳һû˵Թߵվá
㡢ʲô˼˰㷲ʡѵ뿪̶̼ҹ﷢ʲô
Ժֻ¡Ľ, ĩ˰𾪵ĿУЦظһ飺Ҳ°ɡ
ڿЦ𣿡˰ǿ, ҿ, ղΪ˴ľʦȥ峤ˡ£ȷԼǸӣ
⻰ЦЦ, Ȼʳָ˰üĵȥ
˰˲Եؿ, ʶŤͷҪ, һȴطԼȻһ¶ˣ
ʲô
仰ʱʳָҲ첻شüĴ
˰˸еԼһ£ƺһϸСֱĳӺһ˽ȥŹһƵֱܽԴײʲôһ顱ըˡǵѸԴɢ, 漴ûʧ
˰˱Դ˻, ܾһЩʲô, ƫƫû취ҳһ˿ۼ
㡢ʲôãʡ
΢΢Цţ°ɡ
Ը⡣˰žܾһſȴȫζɾֵؽ㵽׶ʲô
ε˵ûʲôԴһ㲻ұѵĶѡ
ʲô
գգۣһֻҪ㱳ѾͻԴС
Ҳţ˰˺ʹԼҪ壬ͷһԴ͵һһ··ڷùһʱҪ
æֹסԼҪܸܵ˼ͷʧ
˰˻һаٴγԣͷ
ֱԼˣ˰˲Ъ˼
ۿţŪ㣬ȻԴˣĻл᳢ȥ
㵽ΪʲôҪ峤˰ʹ޵ʡ
˭˵ұˣ˳һǣЦ˵ұǸ漧˹˵սʿ
ˣʲô˽ġЦ˰˵ȻҪ£Ǿ㿪ʼɡ
˰˾ʣʲô£
һС¡˵岻Ǿ𣿵ʹľ峤ˣ˼øʲôճʲôȻʲôǵҪһ¡⣬ÿʱ˳Ͷ
ղϽĲ䶼ʼʳΪľ޵Եʣʵʳﲢ̫ࡣԶ粿ᲿĿǰҲֻһһ̷ݣڶţҲʺˣһֱûп
˰˾Ͳһˡ
˲ȫԸЩԸȥԶ俪ݵͻͲõľ̫ԶһҪõܶʱ䣬ľıܹЧʵʳϣǵ·;Сľܷãߵʳͻ࣬׬ޱԽ࣬Щ˾Խǻҳϵվߡ
ϸѯ˹˰ڽ̫⡣
˰ҪŪԼæͳһƿָҩҺҵȻĵÿ죬ָ΢һֻҪҩҺȣʡºܳĻָʱ䣬ҩҺȱҾһֱʹ
ӹҩҺţ˼Ƭ̣ҩҺָеҸָĶ
˰ΪҩҺȴһƤʯͷ
ⲻʯͷʯͷǡͣʱһţöþָܻ
˰ƲƲ죬ƲʯͷֲҷֻñšʯͷſҪһ˸ľӵľˡ
ء˰˲㱻ľƿһǿۣǣȫǳԵġ
˰˵İټ϶Կ̷ݵҪԭộܿģЩᲿ粿Ĳ½½ʼ̷ݵӰ
һ࣬ղиϢԽԽ㣬ģԽԽ˳ղҪӡ
ղķӴʱѵЦ۾ֵսʿ档
˵ǲмսʿҪ󶨾ӣʡ
Դ̷ݱԽԽ֪󣬺ܿղҪھסֻЩҪôǻûмѹģҪôǽйαмѵģмսʿѹû
мսʿǲǿҪ쵫еӾͲ׷뿪
ҪмսʿĲ䶨ӣȴ̫ϣ
ǵˡսʿʾ˵ʹǼмսʿˣǶмܳʱ䣬һֱûѳˡǲԭܼ򵥣Ϊ˵˳Թ̷ݵʳмˡ
뿴̷ݵʳܲǾѳո˵֣ʲôԭֻҪͱߡĴȥǾǲҵ²źá
սʿЦôʱͿö˳ǵסȥˡ
ҲˡյˣռӣȵȾ͸͹ȥɡ
΢˽һˣ֪Ǹռӿħʲôûһû˼ӸֵĻġȻҪֳû˼ʳӵ˾ҪˡŶӵڣżӻеġˣղ䲻ԶӻͨԵˣֻҪǳղһˣ;Իռöӻö֮һͶʮľ𣬲ΪģרŷǴӡ
ӵĸﶼãȫõ֪ĸ˭ġΪʲôֵ⵽ڶʱҪϼĲ֮ա
ȼȥʱսǰϢҲ֪ͨеǼ䡣
մӿսʿ˸ͷûüϸ˵ͱǵĲм˸Ҵҽ˹ȥ
ֵͼˣŲæ߽ʵ
ȱȵκ˵ֻͬʱ˵ͼѡֻǰͼѵģĿǰֻʣһֻûѹˡؼͼǸͲ꣬ҪۼšڣоΡ
̵ֻ壬ûΪǰѶʲô⡣
ܰƨɣСߣֻȥһѧ·ߵһֻûͼѵԱߣ˱塣
ë׵СԴģ͵͵ĽżС
ġҲܾܿ
һֻ̱Ρˣսչ˵ĵһȫɵͼѡ
ͼѵǿԿʼѧϰˣⲢҪ̵ļܣǱͽѵǵ뿪ڶҲ˷


103 
ڵڶҲСߵСʱ, ڿռֳһ
Ȼÿ춼һڷŵЩͶӣΪʱֻšûһĿȥ, ӾܳЩʲôԼǲġӵ˲֪Ȼ͸ӲҺԼֱܷЩӳĶԳ, ʡһȥ۲Ĺ
ռ³һʳ, ȫǸι״ž˲̫¿ڵҰ, ȼҰӡҪһûС
ҲʧϾӻкܶܶ, ֲҪ´ȻûС
ֳҰܳܳԣǵζ࣬, ȴ»ܳԵĲҺóԵҰв, ȥǳЩ, ЩζҰ˱㱻ųʳ⡣
ҰûʲôϲǼ·ֵҰζ൱
һǺҬӿ, ȴûҬӿôӲֱе࣬һǾͻѿ, ¶΢΢ɫҰ, һгȭͷС, е㵯, ζ顣
ϲҰֱӴӿռժ˸ˬȻֹĥ˼ˣùţʮִ󷽵ԼԱҲƷһЩ
ʲôҰóԡ˵
üͷ΢΢ѯҰе̵ζȴ̸̺ܶ˶ϲȣֹ֪ܲҲɺȵ
԰ֱӸҪĴ𰸡
˹һھͲٳˣ̫ˡ˵
ЦҡҡͷҪľ϶ԡ
˹ŵػصݿ϶Ҫȫù⡣
Ӷģǳ˹֮Ψһһˣºϸúܶණ
ÿζǵȵ˶ˣԼŻȥʳԡ
Ҳ⡣
˳ԵòˣŶʣµĹûȤˣŴóһŹ׼һ
һõ֣΢΢һ¡
ע⵽ʣôˣ
üĹӣԥ˵ҺļҰ
𣿡Цŵ
ͷӦǼ벻ļ
⿴ţԼأ˵ӳζһûбá
ԳһţϸϸƷ˻ζ벻
ҰԼʣʳؼҳԡ꣬ȻһϮǾС߻ط˯ļ˹һŰ棬ֻӻط˯
һ˯ûѣСצצһġ
ְ֣
ףˣ۾Ÿ첲ǿֻûͷƵģʹ˵۵ǱͷҰزһ
ʹ˸Ƿ˫۰аеƣߵòС
ôˣѵǲˣ
ҲûʲôԵ޹ʾͻȻôƣֻ˲Ҳְͦľϵȱ˲֪Ҫʢٱֱ漣
ۼʱ䲻磬ֻʱ룬ȥ׼һҪʳ
ʳ׼úѾԼԷС߿ɫãԹԼԼιȻֶڵʳҪιԡֲǰ˯ţСԼӣһʳ˶ӣֻһٰι°͡
СϸϸɾĵضٶŰһСȥտȥˡ
˹û뿪ˣ͸صݣֵطС߾Ȼϸҹ˯øˡ
ѵæˣ֡Ҫ̸ļ˹ֻܰﵽһ졣
øˣСôжвѣǼ˹Լֶֻñסѵġ
һؿż˹ô𴲵ܻࡣ
ҵ͵ȲˣҲò˵ǿžȥ׼ʳʳ˴ϡ
ְ֣ǲˣҩҺʦ㿴òãСʡ
˹ǵؿһۣӺһҩҺʦ
߰˸ҩҺʦΧȥ̸ͳһóսۡ
û
Ϊʲôôۣ˹ʡ
һҩҺʦ˵ǲʲô۵Ļ
˹ϸ룬ûС
һҩҺʦںصûУľСҸұ֤û
ҩҺʦƶ̬˰Ĳ٣ȷһ˰ڷ˯ǳȥæˡ
һ˯ҹȻе忪ʼ
ڸֻǱӽ˻¯﷭ȥ忾һ̣ʪ·ˮ̳һ
ۣоͷеΣҲе㻨ԽԽأ·ڰϱ㣬صĴϢڼžķ죬ԽԽߡ
ֱѲ̵ļ˹Ūѡ
ôˣ˹͵شӵϷ첲ʱ̵̲ס˻һ
ѣ˹ֻأĿʣƺˣʵ񻹲֪Ʈš
⣬ôộǵȲ𣿿ЩҩҺʦ֤ûġ
ȣȡʶ૵
ȥҩҺʦ˹æվȴһ߬ס߬ģһһ
˹˼ûѣֲôסȥҩҺʦöͷֱð
ʱͻȻקһ£޷ļ˹һקðſϣԴؿڣĵʱˡ
ôô죿˹漴뵽һµİ취
бôˣ
˹붼룬ֱԼ渲һ㱡ıƿıӣɿ˽ȥԴצƵĽ˼˹ϡ
û˹ĸ֪ͣ˵Щ͸ĵڶƤûʲôΪʶʱܸŲ˹Ծɺ׷ĲԾ
Ծı£ȴûʱӴءҲϳȵ¼ʹбţʵûôȥ˵Խӹˡ
ԾǼ˹Լš
ãȻź컨壬ԴһСٱȼ
֪ôһˡ
Ȼ󣬲룬ٿ˫ۡ
ѹڼ˹ϡ
˫ͨ죬ǲд棬͵롢˼͸첲һˤȥ
˹ֻеͱײһ£漴ݺҧסѪ˳
˹˱ۣʱһصĴϢ

գ˹Ҵҳ֪ͨһڸܵҪʳִҴһص˷䡣
һʮ죬ʳһ롪ڻûѧʳԷੲݵرԹɸŶӸʱȴһû١
ѾϰԶͬʱҲǾͲǵˡ
ôֲˣĵص
ҡꡱһ˵Щ˿ɶΪ뿪ˡ
ȷʵ֪ȥ˱˻Ϊġ
˵
۾İ¶ðⶼʮҹû˰ɣĵʳﶼˡ
ʮҹǵ⻰ԴһȻ뵽ǳԵҰӡ

κ˶ֻпҪڵ˾ԲҳԵ
뷢ڲԶ˳ھͻǰҪص


104 
ûһ̱ڸᵽǸˡ
˻ʱҷ飬ôԿءأһֱȳǿЧҩ, Դ벻ڶֲ֡Ƿڼ, ԽԽо, ȫװ, ֻеȵڽŻ᳹ױϡ
ԼҲҪˡ
ʹһָⶼۡ
ʵ֮鵹Ҳھصֵز, Ͼָܻ˲٣ͶǿȻľϵܱȲϼ˹ܿ϶Ҫѹֻ߲Ŷԡ
Ȼ, ͳھϡ
ʱ¶ĳ屾ܷþϮ¼˹ԺͼŪΡΪԼʶҲ, Ժֻ֪֮˶ԷԴ, ȴ֪һ, ûаѼ˹ŪΣ̼ĶԷԴ󷢣۾ͨ죬߻ħһ
֪Լ˴
Խһʮ, ֪ʲôԼ, ҲҪꡣ
ӷڽϢһ죬ѾȥˣȻվ͸ô˵жˡ
ǰкüսʿҪϸʲôս, ֻһֱûǼ档ô, ڲ²첻ˡⲻ, նˡ
ƿ˹Ҫĸ첲Լ
ȥæİɡ˵ûϸҪķϡ
οʱ䳤ǳ˵㣬ҲȷʵЩˬġ
뵽ͻȻ˺졣
ǸûʲôڲٵˣеԣֻԺڲֶҪʶˡ
ȥա
㡣˹˵˵꣬æĿƯƵһߡ
áܾ
ǡðɡ˹ûм֣ԼҪ侲侲֪ô£ȹһںһӿ졣
ѵΪǸڼ̫ԭ
˹ؿڣҸҩҺʦ
ͷֱ뿪
żϵʱ˹ʣǡİ˰ɣ
һ٣
˹һֱĿתضʱ䲻ԣĪȫ˺ƨɡ
žˤţŲԶһ䡣
㲡ûãһƿվͿĴʡ
Ѿˡæתƿ⣬Ҫ˵ս𣿡
һս֣£ž
˵ս˹Աȿո˽⣬Ϊս粿䡢Ჿͬ˲乲ͬġ
սʵǲ֮ΧһַʽͬڸԲ丽ԷΧһƬ
Բ丽Ϊ˲Ұޣ伢͸ΣաһƬܿҲҪɱҰޣȴΪ˳ԣΪЩҰޱĶ
ҲûڣʸμսֻǼ䡣
УǲʵƹʨҪμսһʼĬռһʣµ硢塢ǵĲ䣬Լͬ˲乲ͬᡣ
ûͬ˲ȻܺǲԿɺܶಿɵˣֻȺռͳελ壬Щͬ˲ҪʱòЭ
սҪսʿһμӡ˵
ͷ֪
ЦŵҶģ϶ͨ顣ȻͨͬʱѲͬ˲һЩǾ͸ˡ
ЦЦҾ
ѯʵսʿأ費ҪҰæ
սֻΪΧ²֮ء
ÿҪսʿΪ˱ԼսսʿǹϵġοƬҪҲΪ˸Ұ޴ս
ҡҡͷˣսʿԼС
ΪָǼ˹ԶӣǺܷĵظ˼뿪ˡ
һߣͰѻҽ˽
𣿡ҹĵʡ
ˡЦ˵б¡
ʲô£
ؿʣʶ𣿡
һ£ʶػش𣺡ʶһ㶼ʲôıϾôˣҪԸͶԸˡһʣʵʵؾ˵ʵ
⻰۾һ׷ʵ𣿡
°ͣĬĬԥ˵ߡ˸ɣҲ֪㲻ࡣ
ܲˡʣʶЩˣǲǻʶޣ
ûԥʮֿ϶˵ʶŵصΪһ֣ͻ⵽вսʿ׷ɱǲ׾ͳֵġԼݵ˻ڸҲ棬ûһʼĴ˵ģΪ;һûȥǵľۼأ֪
ʶҲ֪𣿡
֪ġ
ɱԤκ̫ˣֱʵܲܰǣԸԸǷݵԶӡ
ʲôҪЩ޼Զӣ𾪵ɤЩ
΢΢һЦû
ŵ˵ȫް
㲻Ҳ𣿡ЦҲû㲻𣿡
ҽеҲһԼϵӡ
ֻЦؿ˵
۷ֱһȻ͵طӦ
ѵҲܰصӡ𣿡
ءҡҡָƵ˵ȫӡ
𺳵˵ˡ
ʣܰѯһ𣿡
κ뿪ķ䣬ΪҪ˺ṩһƽĵطΪ˵ӡĻ
ӡǲ䶼£
ΪԼ͹ϵӡһʧҲΪԼܹڲҿνʹȫڰϵޡ
ϼ˹֪º󣬶ʱ̲סЦˡ
ʵҲѰޡ
ҲЦһȥˡ
е㲻һ˹ҡҡͷ͵͵̽Σֻ֪ҵΪǰ峤βãͰ峤λøڵ峤Ҳǰͬ顣ұǰЩҵսʿһʣȴǺö඼Ҳˡ岻ֹһ߼սʿҵʵûȫָͻȻȥһͬʱùˣҾٵһȡ
û嶯õġͬ˵ޣѵǰЩսʿ޸ϳˣ
Ӧ˹˵ֱɱҵˣҵʲôɰǸϳȥеġ
ǵϢûһȺ޵ˣǿɱͨҪǿ̫ˡ
ˡ
ͻȻ뵽ʲôɵʣľȥڵ峤ˣò˵İɣ
ҡ˹΢˵дĻᣬΪʲôֱɱأ
е
ɫ磬˵Ҳ˯ˣ˹ȴڴûһҪߵ˼
˯ˡ˵
˯˯ɡ˹ֱӷࡣ
ǲɴ˷䣿
ûа˹Ȼ˵ǶǰˣӦһ˯𣿡
ҹһֱϵ˲죬еһղ޵ˡ


105 
վǰʮ, Ĭˡ
Ȼ֪޵Ĵ, ʵҲͻҺ͹԰¡ʱҪжô, ʵûصȥǵʱƤ·, ڻҲ䵽, Ƥһǵá˵, ˵̸, Բһҵġ
ҿ, ˿Һ͹϶иʾ޵ӡұܶ׷ɱ֮⣬ٶûˡ
Ϊ޶ҲͱȻҺ͹ݺܶ࣬ȻЩĳǰ, ֪һĴ
ʮȫݳƤǣݵĻֱ͸ǼƤûʲôˡϴƤⲻ˵ëĥˡҵ, Щ¶Ƥ˰ݺύ, кüϵ˿ڳʱûϣʼˡ
Ƕɡ˵
ʮ㿴, ҿ, ȻԹá־ִٵطϣһǵȴʦεСѧ
ǲýš, ĿĻҶ˵˰ɣ
˵˵ˡͿɰͰ͵Ĵ, СʵҪǼԶǲǣ
ûЦŵͷ
һɱĴȲʵܰϵӡ𣿡
϶˵ġ
ʲôʱ֡ڿ𣿡
԰˵
վ, ʵ, Ҫô
ǳԵóԵġ˵Ц˼֣һӣһľ˽
ˣҿŹʣ׼ȥ
ƲƲ죬ŵңҵĿɱȸĶˡ
ľ̷ϣƴ밤˳ǰ
һָİɫųһСŷںɫۻƵ޵ϣŲǳԵģʲôÿİ衣
ǳԵģһʡ
ɫʲôɫʲôɫʲô
Ľ͵ɫĽɫ޵ɫ
ŶƶǶص˵ͷ
ͷ˵ôʲô֪ǳԵĲͺˡ
ҳԣ˵ֱӼһһա
ɵſ뱧Թһ̫ˣ˸ûһ
Цʣó𣿡
óԡΪ̫óˣԼûԹһ
ʮҲѧŻҹ˵
ó԰
ܳԵôóԵʳҵһҶԸ⡣
ۣûٸһӡͲвУ
ٺ٣С
߬Ŀ룬˹ʣ㡢㲻ҪӡôǳԡԶ
ӡİ취Це˵˼ֲĴҩҺֻҪһ㣬ܳϵӡЩӡһȥǿ˴Լգϵӡûˡ
ʮ޲ǻҺ͹һʱȥӡҩҺԼ壬ס͵͵רõľ͵͵ġ
ϵӡûˡ
Ҳûˡ
ʮָΡΡ˴˵ͻȻͿ
ϵĹͷѵᶼˡ
㲻Ҳǡ
ǿһȻһ鵥ϥ
ˣǴӴ˾ҳϵսʿ
ɡǰŤͷԻ˵ǳɡ
Щ͵͵ģȻӡˣȻҪ½벿һΣȫµݡΪʲôֱҿհæһ˶޶кܴƫҲջᰭͬ⣬ԲĸԸ뾡ܵļĻԼҲ鷳οЩҲ̫֪Լԭݡ
˵һ޵ĵ½½˺üޣȫһͬʣԳͰ
ģԽԽϢ׷׸ղ
ĸ޶Ҫ˻ʶޣһɶҪΪʲôųΪޣ˽¹۲һʱƷУžҪҪǡ
ȼ֪ͿҪȥˡ
սÿζ伾Уȴǰȼʱ
ʱ䣬ʮսҪʼˡ
˻ûҵ𣿡ʣ¸͸óˡ
ǵ·ĵʱ䣬ÿսĵص㶼ѡͬʱ硢ᡢͬĵطص̶䣬춼֪սʼʱ֪ͨȥÿԼóʱ䡣
ղ䵽սеĵصҪߴ߰죬ȥ֮кܶҪæ
ûҵ˹ɥҡҡͷ˵սټҡ
ͷο·Ͼײأ
ģ˹ˡ
ǣ˵һжпܡ
˹۾ضȻ񣿡
ε
˹Ľ˵ˡ
ǺЦЦ
ɵÿɰ
ڶһ̵ʱסȥľսʿ·;ǲľȫС
˹üΪʲôľ
͵ѵɡ˵
γг˹СߣֻɵĵڶԶӡͬʱҲҪһμսսʿӡɵǵһԶӣݡ
ͬеĻпղҪμսоǷֱ𱣻ǵսʿӡŵսʿӣеհԼսʿʱãеԼӶĲԶӡ
УǱľӰʻţںǲеˡ
ľһȺɻԼԭȵһλӵڶӣǾںžѵ𣿡
һЩսʿܰɣǵٶȣӲ²ҪǲսʿԷǵ
мսʿʮҹԶûɣ
˵׼ڲʱѾʮҹˣ

ܿ죬ǵɻ͵õ˴𰸡
ղ䣬˿һСʱȻľͣ
ڼ˹սʿǿҵġǿԲľľ·Ҫò̵ľ
ڿʼСܡ
ǣŵսʿǷ׷С
Сܵ磬ǿʼܡľӺսʿǣɿس嵽ľǰ档
ܵԹ緹·սʿǼСܡ
һܾ֧ܶսʿǻɵ
Сˣüˡ
ʲôܰܵÿɱǿˡ
ȴûԸԼսʿӼܣǻǰС
սʿ˫һţǰٶ˿𣬲ˮԵϢ޼ɵ·ϻֻôֱ
дûסǺ٣ҪҪһ˯
Ҫѵ˳ͬش
ҺõطϢսʿӲûԣ˯
ǸԳŅ̀ȵȣһֱҹϢ˻
һ϶ӶǡˡŲڵϷյʵҲû˯ţæˡ
ѵã
ηʺսʿ̲סսʿս
տһƬأսʿڿյ̴
˴ս޴սѪɽëҷɣų˲ӣ߻ʤ
˲սʮսʮܣֱҪ·˲Ųòͣ¡
սǣպͱǶ˵սʿǴͷɥûȹԾԾԡ
漸ûٴܣеʱȫͶ뵽ѵС
Ŀĵʣ·̣ҪﵽޣͰһ׼õʮȫʨͷӿռҸóÿսʿָһ
ȭͷսʿʿˮбµģ˲ϸƷʳжζսʿǾͱȻðý
˻ۣӸŻһ
ǲжˣ
Ҷм䣬սʿǶܿλöһ
֪ٱǱȭˮشֳС
սʿŸܸĶұȻæҵǿǿһ飬ٵһһָӽսʿûдشһ顣
ò˵սʿǲ廹ǳúáǺؽȭʱÿʼȫʧʱսʿֻûһˡ
ӯȴӳٶȱ죬ֱսʿһ
ҡǡһսʿû˵꣬Ȼʹ롢
ôˣ
ھ˹һקǸܹȥսʿȵ
˾漴кüҲ۵ý
ҲҪ˲˼ʣĿ׷Ͷ
ֻԼһ˲һĿһ
Ҳе㲻ԡ˹ͻȻ
𾪵ؿѵҪⲻܰɣ
˹Ǿʵֳƺ˸߼սʿıԵȴôͻƲǵϡ
Ǽ˹һ㶼ʧ෴쳣ץס֡
ҡҺܿҪˣ


106 
м, ߼Ѹңң˵, ĸֻϾʹûֹǵԴ
߼Ѿżһİˣʲô붼Ĵڣ
, ڼ˹鲻Խѡĸʱ, ˶ˡ
Ҹոպ˳ѣ
Ҳǡ, , ô
ѣ߼սʿûмʵĶֻע, ǰ಻ס˹
, ˶ô˵ˣһˡ
պضż˹ЦҲ˵ּٻأ֪߼սʿжǼûʮ
Ӱѵ˶԰ҪҳϣģԳʵΪ˺Լİ¸, ҲҪ˵滰ܴ̫˵Ҫˣ֪⻰ñĲ֪ʲôĺһĻ, ʲô˶Ҹȥ, ʱǿô죿ȷ
ҲŵġεشӵĻ˵ġ
˹ü˵Ҳǡ
ǣһۡ˵, ߼Ѷ㹻䶯в, Ҫ˵⻰ҲѺ˵
ðɡ˹ίͰ͵ؿ, ǻ𣿡
Ȥ, Ȳ˵ԼĿģ, ЩսʿôͻȻôѵģ͵͵ǳ˱ĺóԵǧҪ˵, ң
Ц˵ͺսʿԵһղսʿȫ̷ݽԷ⡣
ղŵصΪʲôҵսʿûһľѹ
ĬĬȻΪսʿҵˡ
ԼֵµսʿԵʳսʿ࣬û˵ѡΨһͬģʳֲ̺֮Ч˵˳ԵһԼ˳Եľ塣Լ˿϶ҪԴ󷽵ġ
˵ֻǡһ㹻ղսʿвӱˡ
һ߲廰ǲΪսʿЩֶֹԭ򣿡
ֹ֣Цؿͷǰɡ
ð졣һģеضսʿڿʼȫ̷սʿӺһ
û֤ЧǰսʿǻЩͲôѵĶ֮Աǣۼĳսʿͼʵˡкܶսʿʵϴδˡ
ǣˣսʿͬߺ꣬һ붼Ը˷ѵ˹
ܣ
䡪

ˡ

ʲôʱҵսʿӰ
˵ȭôǸսʿĲ̫һ

Ϊʱһսʿ㿪ʼѵָԭԤƵ첻òơ
սʼǰһŵĿĵصġ
ˣ
ʲôϰǲٵġ
սʿǱԹ˼䣬ȻŤͷٺЦ
پͳٰɣĲ˻⣬ǲɲС
ʲô˼
Ҳ֪ģûƬ̣֪˴𰸡
Զһ˵ĺͻȻ
ղˣ
ղˣ
֪˭˵һ䣬ʮӣػؾͶֻСղ䡱ڷѭ
ģղģ
ڣûأ
̴ٵĺ¡¡һ˱ڴ
˺áһԸսʿڼܲ͸磬ſЦֺá
մôô٣¸սɾҪʼˡ
βμսصش˲ǿˣ͵Ÿղء
ǵ͵Ǻüҹˣôûн˼ɣ
СЦеǷġǽȥٺãٻʶô
ǻʲôɡ
Ƿɢ˳˸սʿһͷˮղսʿ߱Χսʿһ໡С
Ҹط񡣡Լ˹˵
˹һȦõλò࣬ȫСƷŲˡ
Ц˵ԿܲܺͱĲ任һ
̶ãԱ߸ŵĳսʿ˵մطͰռˡ
հսʿ⻰һ㶼⣬Ը߰ءš£Ǹսʿһȥ
սʿָһˮԴܽĿЦƤҲǴˡϼ
ɨһۣЩƤ񲻽˺ü
ˡ˵սһƤǻ̻ǡ
ҲС˰ڰֻ֣Ҫżʱ򣬿մǲˡ
û⡣պԥʹӦÿۻǿϡ
̫ƻˣʱսʿ
˵ǸԼô͸ղˣ
մˣǲҲǴƤ뵽ȥ
õȥ
ֱӵǴһ˭ӮǾȥ˭
һ˵ԲΪλ
¸սˣ𣿡ɵʡ
ûµġ˵ÿս
аɡǳ˽ղ˵ˡ
ֳܿʤ
ѹûŲѣżӮ˵Ĳڶɡ
ĶúãǶչ໥ˣԼսʿѵɴҲȥҰ¡
һƯĴסҪϢ͵˯
һԣ˹Ҳͬһ˸סˣҿϵҲָָԼ˹Ҹ̫࣬ǿ׳̫࣬Ҳһܴù㡣ϧҵҲҷҾֻѡˡҪ˯𣿡
СߴܳסĴȣգգ۾˵ְָǰ£ǲܸ˯
顢£
˹£ͻȻҧҧ͡᲻أֵġ
ҧ꣬˴˿һۣˢһ죬Ĭ
ûв֪ٶϢ롢ڡ
ò׵ȵæ꣬໥㿪ʼˡ
Ϊ·ҪѵǴĶƤȹףԼսʿȫС̷Զӡǵ鲼¿㡣
һȳν˶սʿǶһƣ˲͸Ĳ䴩鲼ȹ˿
ЧҪƷ˵ϡ
Ǵ·ÿǲԼҪô
ովʹ˯ҿ϶ͬˡ
սʿЦԸ𣿡
ԸⰡ
źüװսʿߣǳ˳顣
·ӵģǴÿȥԵİ
˵ζ͸ֹûñʳζĲ䲻٣һЩ򲻵ζĲ䣬ʱᣬڳĵζûþˡ
ƷµĲûӣûܳõĶ
뽻׽ʱϲؽ˴ס
۹һ׾ȻҲһϽĹӡһʯ࣬ʵʵǶ˴ס
æŽͬʱÿĲ䶼۲һ飬ĸʲôصȵȶ˽߰˰ˡ
Ȼ֪˸ս硢Ჿ˻ûֻͬ˲ȵˡ
⣬ӦòμսҲû
˴ʨ˽Ϊ£ÿսһֵġ˹͵
ʣÿζú𣿡
ǡ˹ҲɻûΪ˵ԭʨûͲ֪ˡ
ЦЦû˵
ڲ֪֪ˡ


107 
ʨˣ
壡
ģףʨ峤峤Ȼһȫ𣿡
ֹ, ͬ˲Ҳˡ, ⼸ǰսΪʲôô磿
ˣǲ˵峤Ҳˣ˵峤˲, βμս, һҪж
, Ҫʧˡ, ûĿɲλ峤ˡ
͸, ѵǼǰһ, Ʋ峤𣿡
꣡㲻Ҫ˵ȻǼ䣬Ļ塣СıȻҲ˵ʲô
վ⼸ԱߣǵĶԻ˸þźۼɨɨǼ, Ƕ࿴˿ǵ飬Ȼһ˼Ķ
УʨϵĸΪԶ׼, ѹûһҪڵ˼
, ͬ˲쿴ˡֻĿĸǰкܴĲͬżŵǿ־塣
ͬ˲Ƕվһ, ϸȥĻ, ܷʵʶʨǱߣƺǵ̸, ƺܹǵһһС
Ҫ˵һ㶼õǾˡ
λΰڳһҺܲġģ, λѿŤˡʱʱʨĥһĥ, ޲ðȥ
峤ôûʨ峤һͷŨܵİɫͷ, ͷƤԺڣᣬָ׳ԶԶվһСɽɤźܸߣ˵ʱ¡¡˶Ĥۡ
峤ĸŬһ˿Цش峤бսҪ飬ˡ
սҪ飿峤βһһƯû˿飬ʲô£
ʨ峤Цܲ˵Ҳ֪սǹϵ߼սʿⶼҪ£ʵ벻
峤ʣ˺ֱðһ亹޺޵ͣҪʵڴ򲻹һȭͷǰƻˡ
峤ΪʲôҲΪ̫ܵˡ
ʨ峤ΪʲôǰһսȻΪ峤˺ò˵±֪˰峤ڣεսռиķΧ
峤ˣ˵˲Υ˾ֻʨ峤ˡ
Ҫ໥ӾˣƫƫʨϵõˣһһʮСܴһҵѾİ
Ҳͬ˲ڵԭ
Ҫ£ͬ˲䣬ԱʨԿ
ûȻΪ峤ˣʨεؾͰڳҪµ̬ͬ˲Ҳվһߡ
תתȻͺ˵˵һ䣺ȸ߼սʿҪ£ǿ϶ǳѵˡ
ѡĸ̫зֱҳһӾͰʨ峤ˡ
˵ʲôʨ峤ɤ˵峤Ҫˣ
峤ͫٿغܣ˹£峤
˴ţƤͺˣŵ־ðˬʲôģ˹ôôǴ˵峤
ǻΪ峤Цһ˵ʲô˵Ļ
˵ˣĲ䶼ҪȲˣǸϿ쿪ʼսɡʨ峤䲻峤ĻӲز˻⡣
Ϊ峤ĸˣҲ˿
ΪᲿͳʨ峤һֱսͬ˲ûȨˣμսС
սʼ˱׷ʼˣǲоʮĬسǿճĵطȥ
ûҲѧڡ
˹ȥʱټشյ߽ͣսʿıȽϼ򵥣Щ鷳Զ
ͷҲػصõܡ
˹š£ġ
һߣҲÿһԼ˹첱Ӵ֡
Ҫ֣ݺݵشǣ
Щ˿˭
ǿŻԼ䣡
ʵϱĲԼ˵Ļֻ࣬ǿյɤŹſ˺Ѿĳ̶ˣֱȲʤȯŵǷᡣ
ֻô䣬͸˳ޡ
˵Щﱾг޵еġ
ʨֻ֪峤˵£ڼ˹ֳֵһ㶼ȴ˵˾ʨսռˣ峤һҪ񣬾ȷղĿ˾ǲˣԼ˹һ顣
˼ʱһ۾ڶվȷĴڡ
Ҫ˵ļǿڳˣˡ
˶һûвеɫ󴩵鲼·ǰδ粿˶Ҫúá
ôܣ
һ޴һ޺һֻʲôộܴӻҲܵղôԶ˵б˰ֻͻȻʲôԭǰͻᵫװȥƭˣܵ;ͻȻѧģ
Ϊˣܲμսĳ̶ȣ
ô붼òܡ
һǰ峤ֻ̡˵૵˵׼ǰ峤ͱ޸Ūˡ
Լôþͺܲ˼ˣûһõ˲Ұչ˵úܺã
Ϊһûôû
峤ĸû˹ȴ֪Ͳôˡ
ȻôΪղλ￴һȦ
ǡǡ˵Լµһûֲǡǡǡ
͵ؾʧе˹
ʲô˹ʨ峤ȷӦž˳˵˹ȥ˹Ǽ˹ǸΨһһԼܲңͻ۵ļ˹
峤Ҳ˼˹ɫؾͰˡ
սѾʼȴ㷣ʱС˼粻֪
˹żǳһĮ˵Ļȣ漴ַɿĿһ˲˲Ųصϡ
˵Ǳʵս˵һѡ
ѡϸģϸԼڵĲһ鶼ųȥ
棬սֻ
һϡֱЩܳԵģʹõҩڣ޶μսҪһЩҩ֪ʶ
ڶȻϱʳˣҪǶʳĵĴһطǳѡ


108 
һֱҪõʳĺҩݺܿ챻
ɨһ, ֻһֱ۳Сľӱսʿŷֱÿǰ಻, ÿһҲûʲôرİڷ˳ȫߵ˭ǰ, һ
ľ˵ȻҪõʳ, 鿴ľĶ, ЩľʳĻҩһ, Ҳͼͬ, ˵, ǲͬĸࡣ
ǰľ˰ɣҪľǷֱһ¿ĶЩܳЩܡʳĻҩݵ֣˵Ҳûϵ
ʨ峤ǰһ˵峤ҲЩζֲ˵ġƫƫԷβ, ÿսҪѹһͷʨ峤Ȳؾվ˳˵ļ϶ƲסõָضƳ˼ֱۣѺ߿ŭ, ƫƫ¶һ
ͬʵȼ֮λҲǲͬġߵȼսʿ͵ȼսʿǳе, ˼ҲֻΪûµǸԼ
˱ˣʨ峤־, ٲɷ˵ϳʳĻҩݺ, ǻҪ֤ԼǶԵġ֤ķܼ򵥣ҪôԼ, ҪôǴսʿ, ˭, ֻҪ׿ڳԼϺõĶ, ûгģôĵһ־ͨˡ
⣬ÿľܳԵʳĺҩһģĸϳ࣬ǵһ
ʵμӹսǶ֪ҪЩʲôɾ֪ҲûáΪÿսϵʳĶһûвοԡûΪսרѰҹϡŹֵʳԣȻȫʧˡֱ󣬲ÿҪϵʳĶǴģѹûУŲò
ʨ峤һ˵⻰սʿ͡ˢذˡ
ʱǶٶӸŵǲ˵һЩڳδ֪ʳĵ飬ǰҲ׼ôµͷܻⲻ˺¿ֻš
ΪһĻ˵ġ
ȻҲӼ˹֪ˣԼ׿ڳʲôģԼͷβѹûиԼսʿ͸©һϢ
˵˵ģʨ峤ֱӵϿʼɡ
ǣһҴԼǰľӿʼⰤװŵĶ
ǰһ硢Ჿսʿ۵ضţĿĵȻΪ˷ֹ͵͵ʳĺҩݡ
ǽóһҪֿϺð졣ǸŵģǸǵսʿսʿ˵װľǵ
ˣһҪϸһ㰡
ˣͱϳ𣿡һսʿԼŵֻһپ˵ܳԣɵþֵؽˣʱ仹УĲȷһ𣿡
ˣҾĶжսʿĸŵ
Цţջؾ۲ԼĶ
óһϸĻƤʵţζе塣ָ׹һʵ˳ζɬתּûжҲûбĸãͷŵһߡ
˹ʣܳԵĻǲܳԵģ
ЦЦ˵ܳԵġ
ǵսʿͷð亹ߴߴȰȰսʿȫƲǲϳĶܲܳԣע⵽սʿס塣
̷ݵսʿǣ
ǱһͷˮƱ˵ӣΪЦǡһ£ȴǱյø
Լŵͺܺô
ǲŲ˵ЩûõĻ
ΪͲʧܣ
ŵڶӿóĶ˼룬ԥʱľѾ˵ס
һƬҶӵֲҩݣһ㣬ɫʱùȻ̰ŵõһ
ôˣǸݺѳ𣿡ʱעļ˹ĵʵ
֪ô˵ءš
㲻Ҫټһ𣿡
á
˹ͷȻˣǾսʿǿʼԣ
ԼԵ˿̺ԥؾ͵ã
ףͱ𣿡һֱ˺Ȼ
ʨ峤ͬһʱ˹ȥҪˣ˹Ǹô𣿡
峤üҲֻ֪֪Ƿޣɷֻ˵ԷսУǲûע
Ц粿ٶô죬˹ǸһϹѡ
սʿһ˵ҪԳԣȿֺ˹
԰ɡ
ҰɡģĳԳҲװû¡
Ǻǣǲ𣿻Գ⡭ôܻ
дҲЩݳд
󣬱õʳĺҩݱһһ˲ϡ
ŵսʿĵȰ㲻ôսʿˣһȫô죿ѵÿҪһȥ𣿱ĲԻùûеġ
ĻΧսʿȫ벻ΪʲôԼٲѵЩսʿô͡
ʱֵþ۹ˡ
ôսʿֶμֱֲ̫
ΧȻע⵽˶Ŀתŷݵսʿ
ǻᵹ¼
Ǻÿȫùɣ
ûսʿô죿
ʱһһȥֱе½½ϣΧ۵Ȼûȵݵսʿǳ¡ӲҪҸµģֻǸΪдõҩݣ̧ȥ˯ԡõˣ
ɣ
ôܣ
Χ۵սʿǣȫһŵģ
ǸŵǳԼϺõʳĺҩʱ̱˾֡
ּʡ
Լһùˣʸսʿǵĺˡ
һսʿܿ֡ŶӵڵϲϷ鴤Ƿ˰ۡ
ƺ첻ˣжȽⶾҩҺ
ҩҺ¶ǣȴֻӻ˵ʱ䡣
ɫѿѡԳԵսʿǸŵ̱
ûãսʿǽӶ£ļټ٣ҪࡣɻǾжˣ󲿷ֶڵ˲Ƥûս
û֪пܳµ»ҪԼȥԱϳĶսʿҲսʿһĵһֿ顣ȵľһĶࡣ
һղܵ˵עӡֳࡢ㣬޲Ⱥղˡ
ûһսʿ£
ڱĲ˲صʱղȴñĲôܣ
Ҳţղôϳɹһ⣡
Ǳ֤û⣡ӵսʿ˵
ҲǿˣղǺô
ûСսʿߵ˵ġ屣֤
һ顣
ղΪ׵ͨͨ˿໥͵͵һۣ¶мЦ
ҪǣǵսʿҪʧܶࡣ
սĸ߼սʿȣһ¶ľƺҲôҪˡ


109 
ղȫͨһֱϡ, ǵ֮ĵһ
սʿ˵֮ǰΪܰӡ, ʵŶĵĻôʱȫǳĵĸмˡ
ôսʿ, ȴȫ, һô׵¡
дź, һղķ, ϵʲôû˵
ʨ峤Ŀȴڼ˹, һ˲, еĿ־弸ﵽ˶㡣
Բü˹İ³ɹȥ򣬷һʲôֲ鷢
֪Ϊʲô˿кȻõԤС
峤ؿ, ϱȥʵǸԡ
ܸ֮ʲô˼, ڵһֱʳĽ, ܿݵϢʱȥڶʳ￪ʼˡ
һڶ־ҪϿʼ, ͸ǵսʿˢˢؾͲҰ
һһ㶵ġ
ڶֱȵһǿ϶, Ѷȸ÷ҲŶ԰ɣôǵսʿһ˵Ҫȥί, һļֱ͸Ѿһ, ޿
Ȼ, ֪ܿԭ
ʨ峤վ˵ȵǰ, ׵˵ڶֿʳָÿʳĻһҪԼֱʳӦַܳԡ
ЩμӹսĲ䶼֪ɲ֪Ĳ䣬ǵһĲ䣬ȫΨ©һֵģš
ʳú󣬸һһҪôԼҪôɸսʿȥԡûǾͨˣǾǵùҪ־͹ǸŵǵĲɹ
սʿҪꣿ
ɨսʿֻЩսʿɫܿڶսʿҪֻ˻һµġ
ȥЩսʿʱ޷εļĿҲڳղ
ǼǿõղսʿĹ۲
ðô
ղսʿͦذͷֽ
ղģ
ͬСľװŵʳģսʿһŰڷǰ
²μӵڶֵԼԵһֵʳıƺе⡣
ʨ峤˵Ļһֱʳĺҩݣսʿǳûгͨ˿顣ǽ󣬳ղսʿһû⣬为ԳԵ˻ٶ¡
ôͨһֵֻղŶԡĿǰվеڶֵҲ٣ô£
עļ˹ɻ߹ѹɤٷɿؽ
˸㣬ս˵ûⲢָһ¶ûУ˵ʵָսսʿ˹ϣģûס˶˹Ȥִսһ㣬е㲻ֻҪսڵһֽڶֿʼϢʱɥʧսܹʱָսǾͨ
һָڼ˹ϰԶһЩεЦ֪ˡ
һֱҪ٣˴Ѫ׼ҩҺİû⡱սʿͦࡣ
ҲΪ˵ڶֿ룬Ȼһ־ûսʿˣڶѲɻҪϿ
ָԼľӲ쿴һﲻɵþһ¡
װľȻ̺ʳģкüŻͦ죡
Ҫ֪Դ磬ĿɶͨͨʳġҪģԼЩͨʳӶսʿͨԵԼƥʳһԼʵ
ΪЩ
ûƣʳıͺǲ˵ͨҲܳΪ
ľʳģȻҡͷЦЦҪǸһͲôܻӭˡ֮ûͨ˱£ֻΪ̺ʳĲֲ࣬ҲףԲûС
ĵĵ㣬ǶֲĳЩ
ûľװʳʵϾֲ̺ͼֲ׼ϣȴԾβǾֲʵ
䴽ЦЦҲֲĴڣ˵һϢ
ֲռзΧӺˡ
һҪȥ򿴿ֱ϶Լһľϲ
£϶һ㶼
û취˵ֻЩͼ̶ȶֲˣĸ߼ֲǰܲѴ֮ͨͨζʳ
ʵ粻֪Ӷٴˡ
ڽСĵ鲼ѿֲһáЩֲžͺܿжһԶһȫץ˳
ֲֵֻķʽֱζüͷִʳʱѾʼƤİƤե֭ե֭ɷĩɷĩ
ڷֱĳʳĵĴ⿷ˣڻϵĹ̵Ƭ˿žＤζ
ˡ
͵͵ʿˮսʿȴһ㶼ûò˼Ӷǰʯϣζβ
ڳĲ伸ûв̷֪ݵģöսʿμսʱŵζ顣
Թ̷ʳĲ˵ûԹΡرǶԷݱǸǺ浽ˡۼʳͻȻһսԲĴо
һĶãЩȻ֪رһȵ·Ҫ󱳴׶ߣЦԽԽ
˰Ǹԡ
ֲ࣬ÿһֻ١Ҳǣֲôϡ硢ĴҲöóɣ˵ֻΪʹһ¶ѣֳܷУֲҪʲô͸ӡ
ֲ
Ҳǵһμֳܷôôȴǽвֲ֡ϤˣԴʶð˲֪
ڶֿʹԼʳһܵĵζ鵱ȻҲز٣ֲζҲö˼
˵ζ飬ò˵һ˼顣
óζͬʱע⵽۾׷һһҲʲô治ģҲжŲ˳ˣƤͰĵζҲ˳
ǻ˵ʳϣǲͲôˡԼʤѹıĲĶ棬ζ˵˵
յղǵһôˡ
˷ܣãǿ׶Ҫˡ

еñƬƺ󣬹ӿлĻȣһƬƬȲԾ͹УƬѸը࣬ʢ͹е㣬װǡΡ֭ҺľƿĶ뵽СտʱըõƬµ˹طһеֱֲִ˽ȥ
Ũζڿﱬɢ˿˿ǹ˵ߣʲΧսʿζϡ
˻㣡
ʲôʳʲôζΪʲôҴûм
쿴ǸղʳķŽȥˣôһЩʳĵԵʣ
Ӧǡúôץ˾ӽȥˣ
԰ǿʳأôһô죿
оսʿһ뵽ЩʳĵĿֲ̾ʹ˵ʳ˹öսʿŰСաͲôһ㣬ЩԸ¾ҪܳȥǸղԳʳˡʱ˵ʳĸˣǲҪȫϳȥɡ
˵֭ճֽƵĹʢһչڻϡ
ﵹˮܿݷУ˵Ĳ°ʣµֲִȫ˽ȥ
֮ǰֲһζƫɬǿӲȵЧһ͸֭ҺֲʹòУ򵥶ûãù͸֭Һֲ;Ϲ㣬ֻһƣ͵ãȴϺֲܶǷӸеá
ֲһֿǿһֿǿ⣬һǰںһ顣ǰһʹЧãһ֣Ȼ𲻵Ӧеò˵ᷴʴѪ⡣

ֲˮﰾʱ䣬ͰʣµһЩƺõƬ˽ȥǴжν˿ζʮĵζ顣
һеʱڼϹˡ
˹ڵһʱ˹
ˣʡ
Ц˵ˡ
˹ָǼĺ飬һֱñŵĹ֭£㡣
ӹһڣ¶ǣոڻ˰ķȶʱɢһա
ллЦ˵
ãˡ˹ֵѹѹǣȥϢʳҰ㳢
˵ţڸսʿԹУһ˰Բʳ
ƵƬŽ֭ڳݷ䷢΢ɲġꡱִ֭࣬𣬽һζ
˹򴽽մϵ֭Һʳٶȸӿ˼֡
죬Ҳһڡ
죬㲻ðհȳԼڣȷʳûٳҲ԰
㱻嶯㻹аºҪչ˰ô죿
ΪͻẦ£
˹һЦʹƽٶȡ
ô˵ʳ˭һڡ
˹̵س꣬ѹϴɾһһŻصʱλáʱװλûһ˿һУֱ̧ͷŲԶᲿսʿ˵ʳҶˣû£ǲͨˣ
Ჿսʿ̧첲ĨߵĿˮؿż˹شС
˹üʣΪʲô
Ჿսʿһһʮ˵ʱ̫̣ҪһûʳأҪҲҪڶֽа
˹⻰
ôˣֲĳԵģ̺̫٣Եʵ̫ǿĻôóֵʱͻԽ
˹Լʵָ߼ѽ׶ΣֲķʱͻҪ㡣ҲʱƵģһʱ仹û⣬Ǿʳĵֶȫȷˡ
ȻõţɴͿôʳ
ȲеģҲ˵ȡһ㾭顣
úܺãϧȴҪʧˡ
һζʲôģʳﱾǸʳĵĴֻҪûöѳԣϸ
ڶĵζйأԴ˵ζ飬ҪζʳѶȾֱ߽͡ҪǻǰûеζʱƱҪʲôʳԼôʳ¹ֲֲʳĴĺŶ顣
ǺйءʳļٶȣԼ̶ʱʳȫһ˵ˣһЩʳĵķʽǶֶ̫ɧĴڣѹɴѹⲻ˳æҵΪ˱󣬲ŵϿٷá
ͼǧƪһɵʳ
ĵζ飬ʳһһú󣬾ѧ˺üˮҰϾֲȫһ
ĹУΪֻƬ̫Сô⻹죬ǰŪɼŽȥôɴͷһȥһ飬ʯ
ǳ飬ðɣͲñ
˹߽ð죬ǲȫ
ԳԹ̽ſʼ

Źûӣһѵսʿͳˡ۾ͱǿﲻɫѪûһ
ԳԵսʿŵɫҰףֲòӲͷƤϣﲻȻûõһ³
ҺʹϴԳԵսʿǾ󲿷ֶʹȥѪ鳡أﵹ̳
һ۾Ͳٿˡ
һֱʼͣսʿǶһҳһ˭ʹ˭ôʹ˭ùȫƾ
ڶԳԾͲһˡ䶼ֻһսʿȳҪǳû£ǾͼһֱŻеڶսʿǴģܴμսģÿһ˵ǸԲ֧һòۡ
սղʧȫԱͨϵգµ͸սʿжлö˵
ղ䣬粿䡢ᲿԼͬ˲ͳ첿䣬һͨ
һЩǿĶǼˡÿôһͨȫûĲһǲ䣬һûͨ
Ǽʧ䣬սǽˡ
ͷϷ
붼ԸȵģЩͨĲǾһĸռзΧռݲֹսÿȸҲȫڡ
ͲĵˣֻҪ֪Լһܽȥˡ
ʱһ£СڸϹ
ǲ£ְ̯
ееػţÿһ̯ӣȤľͺԥȫʶռ˲٣кܶС߿źҪġղǱ뽻Ҳ٣кܶ˴ְղܲ͸Χ衣
ִĻ塣е岿Ķʨˣ˺١
Ҳڵ̯ӣĶһֺɫʯͷôôú顣һƳȼĿɲЩʯͷô
Ҫ˵
ڻʯ̯ǰ´Ƭ̣Լ鲻α̽ʵ㲻ʶ𣿡
΢Цʶ
һúƯˣ΢΢üͷӣü˵ǿԵټظоô
Ҹʶ𣿡ЦЦʡ֮ǰûע⣬һԷ˵ϾϳǸڵڶʱ߳ȵմԡ
㣬Ұ죡ؿĵעƵ˵ƭҰɣôܲʶҡ϶ҵ
⻰˼ɶˣɵЦЦҪ˵ЩʲôһղսʿȻ˹
ôˣѯʡ
㡣սʿ˵
ͨ¶Ǽ˹⻹ǵһζԷԼȥе֣е棬սʿ˵˹ֻȰԷһߣС뿪
˹ĵص㲻ղפĵطһƬеԶСиӰæţԼٶȸϵ
ʲô£е㰵˹˺ð졣
Цŵ𣿡
ĬĬ˼룬Цˡ
Ҿ֪⡣˹Ц
㻹ҲЦ
˹˵ҵ㲻֪⣬һ
̯̯֣ʵҲһ

˵֪û£ҾȻȥˡ
ȣ˹˵ʣ㲻𣿡
ļ򣺡ʵľɨЩϹսʿ˹һֶֻ򲻹
˹ϲЦտˡ
ߺûãһĶֻûãͺͱסһؾͶϵҲˡ
Ӻ󣬼˹׷
ˣͷҲصʡ
˹šץֲʾ˵սʿʨսʿ
ʨ壿̧ͷŶѵ˵ʨ֣
˹ҡҡͷ
˵Ժ֪ġ˻ᶯͼ˹Ԥ֮УԭȻΪȵû뵽ôż
Щսʿٲмսʿģ˹ȷ˵ң˺ûá
˹µûսʿȷʵ̽ģʨսʿȴǣŪ˹֮սʿʵȫΪʨ峤û뵽˹˹ڣǴսʿԸĲսʿ´ࡣ
û̫࣬ĿǰǽҪ
ʸȥĲ侭ʱִ˸ԶռзΧһ
ھڸפƬÿڳֵλö̶
εþͳղǰ棬˵̤һ͵Ȼղռ˴ˣһ
ʱһڸϱĩ󣬳ʵһЩؿռơЩؿռеĺΣգеĵǱеĳڹ̶еȫ̶Ψһͬģǵھ͸ǰһڰУƮޡ
ͱǵսʿһȥġôĻһȥͻᱻȷɢ
һ򣬿ľ۵ֲ
飬ضǡ
ղǰЩؿռһյǸʲôɫԶŶǳξͨ͸ġҲֲȴ˲ɴƵģе롣
ǻᵽһ˿Ϥζ޹ģҪȷζڻɢҽȴĻܿʱĳҪΪԼˡ
һջߣæռֲĴתת
߰ɡ˵ҵָղĵ̡
ǰ˼ȴ˹תһͼĿһҪ˯ȥӡ
קקӣôˣǰòˡ
˹˦˦Դͷ˵û£Ǿúһ
ԼĲ²⣬ȴΪصԼǵһЩ𣿡
˵öԡ˹ͷٰ·ϡ
һ·ֺõĵطȥ·ϼ˲ֲҪǹ˼սʿţ˵ʲôʱͻײϣȫһˡ
ǲˣֻ·߹˲עյӻЩȵȣȺúôźãٵռúżʵЩȼߵֲ۲͵һġߵԼ䷶Χջˡ


110 
Ƭ򲻵ò˵Χܴ, ͼ˹սʿǴ˽һСʱϵĿĵء
ܽĲ, лָǵĵֻ̣ͬǵǴСѡȲ˵ղõֲǶ, ֻ˵ղ򻮷ֵĵ̷Χ, ׵Ӯҡ
û, 
, °üԼսʿͷ죺˵, ʨǲɵ, ôηָղôƬ򣿡
սʿͷֵܸߣϧԴû̫ƣ⻰ؿգɻʵǿմԼҪ𣿡
һ, ҪˣҲҪҪʨ岻ͬġƫƫǾһ㶼ûԥͬ, ղһûи߼սʿ, ƵģҲвսʿǲ˽ɰ, ɵײܺ, һֻʨ˽顣ʨ尡ǿǲ䣡ղܱ𣿳ʨÿ, ˵ǿʲôֵΧ򣿡
սʿͷ첻˵ǲսһ
աǺǡЦû, Ϊղսһ, ܵõ㹻ˡȻ֪֪, ȡҪȡģһҪ󻮷ֵٶԷͬأ˵˵ֲʧʲôɰײɡôôˣȻûõԤеĳ;ܾʨȻԥͬˣͬˣһ͸ղһ飡
ⲻǶղͼıһɵˣ
ɵǲɵģôͼıʲô
ռһ˲뵽ϡˣһʨǿǲһƭǲȥ
͵ش˸飬Σж¶ˣ̾˼ʨ˵ĻҪôܴӮ
һͷʨ峤ˣƤЦⲻЦ˵ôѷΧָղ䣬֪峤֪˻᲻㡣
Ц˵㲻Ҳͬ𣿡
ʨ峤˳ǣ¶һ̵Ц
ͬ⣿ͬ϶ͬԭûʲôôͰ͸ղôĵ̣ɵ
ȴʨ峤˹ݺ£ʶһ˿Цʨ峤ĺ¼˹Ȼ鶼ȥôˣô˹ͺ£µԶóȥ⻹Һ峤ȣղ䣬뿪ʱ峤˷ԸģɲǸʨ峤ɵһʱžġ
ɲʲô˼ηָղ۾Ц
춯ֲȲ˵ҪСһȥڣǧҪ𻵸Ҫڵģҡ
ǣˣսʿӦ漴ɢͶ뵽æµС
Ƭܴ˹˵ĿǰΪֹ粿Ჿ䶼ûаȫ̽ϡÿս󣬻ʤ仮򣬷ֵʵ϶̽Щδ֪򲻰档
̽ҲкܶطǳΣգʵǿĻóóȻӽǵòֲʧȥЩΣеı߼սʿͨˣе߼սʿû룬ÿν򶼻ᱻԲ䶣ϰ죬ǶݴԼսʿԶԶġȥһԭ򣬻һΪʱƵģֻж̶졣ѷֵеط̽һ飬˵ΣˡǰȫΧȫѰϡ
ΪκβΣյÿλֵʱΣյĵطᱻָʵ̫ǿĲ䡣ղ䣬ҽһΣֵĵΣռһС롣
β֪ǳʲôԭղõĵ̳󣬻ȫģΣһûУ
ѰԼռûеֲͷɢսʿǾͱװֲľӹˡ
ô죿ȵŰ˸ߵĿӣֲֻѵöð˼⣬ҿʲôʱֲôռˣ
ǰĿӿ˿涼ͼ̶ȶֲ˿ֻǡ
ΪʲôװôһģͬĲժһӾ͹˰ɣ˵ȥҲԼֲһͼ̶ȲֲҪװʮӣ˵òõô࣬ժҲ˷ʱɣ
ġػǸղĳսʿش˵ˣ̫õʳڵʱҲΣգȥǲҲûҩҺʦܴҪ粿佻׹ȥȻ粻ҪһʼҸĲôõʳĴȥܴˣ粿仹ԣڵЩԶԶװʮ𣬼ٿ
һսʿ˵ˣ߼սʿŪмսʿеĶǼ䶼ڽŵס
ʸսʿȻͬӵ˿հŵ
ֻûС
˹Ȼ˵ⲻӦõղ˵жôҪΪŲҶҪ̫ࡣ
ȻеҲôΪġ
ԭǸȥæˡԼսʿǲȥʲôͼֲˣֻһרעѰҸߵȼֲҲȡкܴѶȵġ
ܿ죬Լҵһ߼мֲ
һ׶ߵСɫɣɫҶҶƬӨ͸ֻһƬɢһǳǳζ
СԽһò֦ᣬһ޴ķѾ͵ҶӱϣȭͷĺѪݹžΣա
˹һֻȥûѣͱһȺһӵϰΧڰգˡһ󣬺ɢʱֻʣһźɫƤƮƮƻλεڵϡ
ǱѪ⡣
Χ۵սʿʶ˵ѸԶĵط
ˣǿҪôڣսʿüʡ
ſҪ˵ͼ˹ͻȻŷ˹ȥ
а취ʡ
˹°֣ͣš
ֻڷѲԶͣ£ͿʼתԼɫӼ˹ɿڷϣգ۵Ĺ򣬾ͰѷΧĺȫ˱顣
һԣ
ľü˹ܱڵлֵߵߵܹȥժˡװ÷ѣС
ʲô˹ҪժһƬҶһĿ
ժǱЦ˵
˹۾һʲôã
ѹչȥСߵһĿ԰˾Ѿ
ģ˹𾪵ؿѾǲ˵Ūܶ˾
գգۣٶ˵ץʱͶ뵽ϡ
ںãսʿǼֲԼС鼤ػפء
ҶҲĸ߼ֲҲֵˡ
Ҫе˷ܵضԼ˹˵
˹붼ֱ˵á֪ûаյ£˷ĵúܡ
סֵҿŵˣ̫˵겻ȼ˹ػԹܵһ£ժһƬҶӾ
˽ҶζһЩ񱡺ɡҲȥֱԺﱼȥʱһɱĸоֻеԶʱø
ʵҶĲҶӣǻɺ֭Һľܰ˵ĵȼ˵мѽ׶Σûﵽޣ߼ѻξ롣ųƸ߼ѽ׶ãֻҶҲ๻߼ѵıˡ
ﵽмѼ޴͹ˣʣһ߼ֲƻúܺã˹Ҳһֱ粽ҶԽԽ٣ľԽԽ񣬾ժƬҶӣ׼һԽмƵʱһȺͻȻղĵ


111 
Ƿָղĵ, 뿪ղսʿվ, Ҫǰ档
ǲǵʳĵģֻҵˡ
ˣսʿǴŸǰ, һ, ԳͲö˵ˡڵԷǳƯ, ȴҪһĴһЩ, Ҳе㰫, ڴǽСһҵġֻ, ǲǴԻԶƫʵ˶ģǰһʵôܻӭ
ˡ
һ㹻ֲˡ
ǱôƵ۵ģеƯǰԶ˼ֳζ
Ȼ, ǲáĸֵģֻǸеǿƲסҪȥĳ嶯
촽ղսʿЦЦ۵׵Ľһ, սʿֻԴôһ, žͲܿƵسȥ
ھôÿˡ
ؿһۣսʿ˽
㡪˰ڿǰһ, æغϧֻһ, ͱ˹סˡ
죡˹˵
һۣΪ˹Ҳղսʿ, ЦЦ, ˵ҵ, һ𣿡˵, ʹԼ
˹ʱ˫ȷ·һԶһȥϾͺȻһı棬סĽŵףͣԭء
Ծȵؿۣͦġ
˹ۣ˵
Դ󷽵Цŵûôֻܿһ·
˹˫ŴӵϰվصԭλԵĻһֶš
˹ʡ
Եͷû
ʲô£
Ҫ¡գգۣȼ˹׷ʾ˵Ҹܣܸ㡣
˹ͷһģЦ˵˵ˡ
˵ͳϣɹܲסԲЦЦķҪٴδ󺰣ȴ䲻һ⡣ƽ䣬·͸һʶҪ죬´ȴ̶ԭλ벻϶ˣ˹ıסԼ͡
ŭż˹ͱסŵǾȻöÿĴԶ֡ǲǸԣ
ûбôԴ˲ۿŸսʿɿ˸ơȺսʿģȴʨˡʱǺöϲԱ۸໽žͳ˹
Ҳϣղսʿһ㲻ȴضųȥ߽߳УҪǣ
һսô˹ûȤǿȴӰ쵽ֱǹԶȥ
ʨ߹ʱע⵽ˡᣬƾЩ˻ҡļֻ˭ȺպȤأҶԷԶġպýһҲôһɴڼ˺ˣʡ˻Ҫȥҡ
ˣɡһղսʿͣһϹâ˸ص״̬ղ߲ˣò滯ϱҲøսʿͣ˵һߡ
Թ˿ȥһ˵𣿡
ûԾǸڽ̯ϸƺʶԭͬˡ
ԡͷʾԷԼ
˹һקסŭֵĵʣҪߣ˼ȡ
ؿ
ߡ͡ȥһ˵Ҫ̫
밲䣬˹һҲҪҡί顭
ˣ˵Ĺ򶼹̸üֻˡ
ǣôˡ˹۾죬ջ͵͵˹ȥ
Ҫ͵Ҫ
žˣͣסţعֱʵʲô£
⻰ȴǶ˵ᡰৡؾʵü˱뺷˵һʱ̫ϰߡ
ʣ㣬Һ㰡
⻭ǲǲ̫ԣ
ңǳ˳飬̽ŵʶ𣿡
һ㶣øˣ˵ʲô쳺죡ϲ쳺찡
ҡϲסˡ
԰˵ϲңҳΪµġ쳺˰ϵᣬԹĵؿߣһ˶ԲԣǲǺˣ֪֪ҾͲӦˡ
㵽ǴӦʲô
ʣش˸飬̧һͿ˹ڲԶ棬۾ͨ죬߼Ҫ쳺һ
ɴҲ쳺ʲôˣؾ˾к
ſŵ쳺ҭһ٣޹
쳺죿ʡ
ԡ쳺˫ػش
Ϊʲô˵ҹ㣿ִӦʲô
ס쳺һһʮԹԻش
ԭ쳺ȷʵԭʶˣԭİĽŶԷΪʲôǹ󣬵ȻΪԭǸˡ
˹˻ԲѺ˹нľ쳺졣ܸ峤Ϊ£ۻĸ˶Ҫġ쳺Ҳǣͬ˵òСʨϲΥ峤͵һĻ쳺Ȳ˹ˡ
ĻʲôǼ˹峤ҲѲˡ
쳺һôԸ˹ɰ£Լ˹״̬峤϶ǵˣȻֻһʱ峤ʲô壿û峤µݣ廹һȵúء
쳺ܲ˵ǣʨ˸֮ԻҪѲ峤Ҹ£ȫΪչ峤µ̡Ƕ̣쳺쵹Ҳܽչǰû˲峤Ĵڡֻչһ̾͹ˣټһޡֱһǿӵĿʼ
쳺Ը⡣ر֪Ҫ˹ʱ쳺ͲϿźá
ֻ»ܿҪҪܣĻǶԷһ쳺ҲҪ
쳺ǾͰԭϣԼȥ塣
ҵʨ˰Լ˵滨˵ԭ峤Ҫȥ塣峤Ͳ쳺һޣһԭʨϲ쳺˴Ȱ˵ԥͬˡ
ΪԸԭôȥ塣
û뵽鸴ӵòСһֱΪ롰áŰԭġٻ룬˹ô˵ܻǸ峤ӦҲѡ˲ŶԡΪʲôͬԣĿľΪչ̣ѵǸã
ЩԶļ˹Ҳˡ
˵Ļʱûһ㻳ɣǸмһʱֻҪΪЩʲôܻ⡣
˹ȥֻŪ쳺ȱСһ¡
߹ĽŲ쳺죺ʲôĿģ
쳺ƤȡһƿҩҺݹȥ
ӹһţ漴ЦˡҩҺص쳺˾ʾȻ쳺κˡ
ﲻǶֵĵطԼ˹˵
˹ʲôҩҺ
ЦЦȥ֪ˡ


112 
쳺Ժսʿ뿪, ˸εĵط˵ҲûʲôѶ, ǰѱﵹˮһҶм׶θѡͲǴͷȥ, Ե콫ʱ, ľܾƵмѵļޡ
Ԥû١
Ϊողսʿȷ, ֻȡͼֲ, ߼ֲҪȥ, ȻûΣ˳־ڵҲʱĻʱ, ǿ϶ǲڰײڡֻἸûУղսʿڵԵͼֲ࣬ﵽм̶ȵֲ٣, ŶյصľЦЦղοҪΪӮҡ
ڱĲ, սʤ, ۺʵǿģղǰǿǻڶǲԵ, , ҲûϲԴ뵽ľǸԼмսʿĲ䶼ǳŵȼߵֲ, ֻڵֲȼԽ, ǲиĿԳָ߼սʿһ˸߼սʿ, ǲΪǲͲԶˡ
粿Ჿ֮ĵǲ, 붼֪ôж
ȼߵֲңҵҪķѲٹܵõһ˼Ҹ߼ֲ䣬ջеġܲ࣬ܵ˵ҪղǿġϾ߼ֲɲǵͼֲܻġ
ȻΪʲôܿ϶˵ղӮң
ȻΪЩõĸߵȼֲϡ
ղսʿֻϼ˹ܺ˵ˡǼûи߼սʿΨǲҲûø߼սʿһòϣҲûĸҶǶ֣Ǹ߼սʿ˵Ҳͦ󣬳ǱƲѣ᲻Ƕ֡
ֵȫ㹻ġ
ôɱɱַͷǵŭ˵˶ǿȭͷԼҲҪزǣǸƽߣܰȴԸľͽΪʲôȥأ
ǣС̯Ͱˡ
е㲻ֻͬʳʳľԵսʿԼṩ
УֻҪߵȼֲ
ղ̷ݵĴܶĲ䲻֪ǲö˶ʳ֪ҪôʱղѹûĹû˳ԡ룬ЩΪһڳԴ֡
ƫƫ˴ûһš
˹üЩû۹˷ǳز˵ȥץǹ
áЦ˵а취Ҫ˵Լˣ͹սʿԼҳ϶ȡʳٺóԣսʿǻܹסԼġ
˹ɻʣʲô취
գۣǲûмսʿһЩ
СʱָղʹĴԶĲ̫壬ղĲȴʮں涼սʿȥ
ˣղսʿѵ
ѵѵ뿪ǰЩʳȴѵûɵɣ
ǵĴˣȷʵѵѵ֡
ж֣
սʿͷĶ֣ȥ
˰ڰ֣ˣϿʳĲǡ
ղ˵ЩѵսʿΪҪˡ

԰ܶսʿһѡ
ôܣһƭˣ
ӦòǣǾѺΪʳġ
ܣܾˣ˵ղЩսʿԵĲǵ͵ȼʳġɸߵȼʳĴôףղ𣿡ҲơˡսʿȻ
ƵĶԻղĲ䶼ˣһʱ䣬ڸ˼Щ䶼˺ܶսʿȥղ䡣
ǰԼûмսʿ˳ȥ
С̯Щ䶼ȥʱֱӾʹʳĺͽֲǧѡ覴õֲ
һ¶ǳЦҲϻӹʳľæ
ܹͣУеļеıеˮ󡭡ʱͷɿһζ
һ̽սʿ˹ˡ˼¿ˮ۵ضŽִƬȷϣʳЩֵֹĶܾ
ǵġ΢ЦҪֻǲġ
˵ԱʳģÿֲԾаʳʱԼռֲֵЩʧӽĸߵȼֲֲֻһ꣬Ҳ׬ˡ
ȼϸߵȡʳĽһζ˵ʳսʿ׬ˡǷƵİʳһɨ󣬺ܿÿ춯ĿʼսʿǼغ޲ñο񱼼Ȧ
ľˣ
۲켸ȷë˾Ҳվסˡ
ܿǲʳĿʲôʳ𣿡
ǲڵʳܻʳ˳𣿡
ȸԵвУҶһõȼһЩʳġ
ƾʲôǲܶãвУ
ӵĶǵͼ΢һֲҲֱͨͨ͸ղ
ԽԽսʿѣȻв֪Ķ˭˵Ļ˶ﴫ˿
⻹ǸߵȼʳأǾ;ˡ˵ڵĸߵȼʳȫղǸʳǻ᲻Ϊ߼սʿ
аɣ߼ѶѰ粿Ჿֲûиߵȼʳģ㿴Ҳм߼սʿ
ǲҲûйô˾ȱʳҿǲС
ɡɡڵֲҪ˵ġ
˲ҲҪʳǲսʿǰҲûи߼ѡȻϣղǸȷʵҪǲôԸʳԵʲôã㲻ܸ߼ѣҲȳǲʳǿ
Ҿ˵öԡԲǳԣǲҪȫ꣬һȥˡ
ջսʿǶѵסսʿͷ컥ã漴һȥ˵Բˡ˱ˣָеɡûס͵ѧֲջ󣬸һȥղ䡣
ĿĺܿɣͬʱŻԴԴϸĲЩ۵Ŀա
ʱ䲻ãٶȱҪٿٿ찡
ûֵĲҲע⵽ˣĽ֮£ɴȭͷ˭˭ֺʳڶų˿
˵粿Ჿö嶼ˣֻ塢ʨûгֹ
ʵǣڵĸ߼ֲ϶࣬ϧˡ
ϧҹͻȻ뿪ļ˹䲻Ц˵
Ťͷʾʲô˼
˹˰°ͣݸһľ
ӹһһ߼ֲȵʣҵģ
ǡ˹յߵ³֣͵ġ
ʶ֪͵˭ġֻ˵ɵƯ
ᶪֲôż뿪ʱ䡣
ߡΧսʿͷżĺȥڣȻ߲ˡ
⻰Ҫѯʼ˹һŤͷȴĵλãһƾճ֣أ΢΢ŤŴؼ䣬һɱһɸϴ˲Сıߣ˲ʧС£Ųӿڡ
һֱпƺʲôһϤ֮СȻϸͱ˹ų
ڳˣ
һصнڶʱеĥ´һȥ̽һ£̧ͷ˵ˡ


113 
Ƿʲô𣿡ǰȻðüʵ
, Ҫ£
˲Ǳ, ֮ǰշӵ˲е̵ˡ˽ûþˣı巢, һֱ͵͵档֪˻ڽ, һ˲˽
, ˣ˰˶ͷð˵ʨɳ˺öսʿҪɱ, ߼սʿˣ
Ŷ߼սʿȤü˼˹, ûĸ߼սʿء˼ʵô
˰˼ǵ, ʼת
˼һܰȫŪ˺òã
ԣ
˰һԵļ˹ôͰλǰ峤˸أֻǡ
¼˹ȫûսܲȫӳ
ȫˡЦ˵
Ǿͺá˰΢µֵٸ߼սʿҲ֪, м˹þԲ١
ҪȫǿɾͼˡĥűʾԼ֪ˣȻ˰˰һ
һᱣġ˹ץס, 񡢵, Ҳһܵһ˺
ס̡֣еССĸж, Ҫֻߵı
, ڲ鿴Լջ
εջôô٣һǲ췭˷ǰͰ͵ļֲŵʵ
սʿͷԴ͵ʹ, ֧֧Сͣԡˡ
ֽһˣѵڳֱӳˣ
ǡսʿͷæ, һһʮȫ
ԽԽŤ, ǡʱڵĶǲ䴫һ
ʲôʳĶȥղˣ
ǡֻһ, ʣµĶղǸʳǳԡˡ
ΪʲôҪʳǳԣѵǲҪ𣿣
Ȼܺ췢ŭսʿͷԾɹеصǲսڡһһ˶ûû
⻰ˣһ̫أ
սʿͷ췴ǲöսʿһѵҲ𣿡
һ£һõʣ˵ʲôһ
ֹ䣬еĲʱԼսʿļֲᡣ
еĲ䲢ʲôöսʿһΪһղùлþսʿֻþƭв䡣еĸղرһЩϲ̷ݵʳһЩŵģӶҲŵĲ䣬ǳϲԼսʿĴԸĽײûһ˿ɣΪʲôʣµʳҲһ𽻻ˡоǺܶԼսʿĻŰŰ̬ȵĲ䣬ǲţȴ־ܲгսʿ˵ѰɣɾôŵĻǲԵЩ̫ûãղǸһҹʹ˽ȥȫʳİôܣ
ܸ֮ô룬ѳɶ֡ȷԲջ󣬲Ľ׿ʼˡ
䲢Ͼ뿪ͣнס
;ýʱе̣ôõĻᣬż˹ÿ䶼˸顣ν䶼뿪ʼƵģΪ˼֮жڳĽƷġһθǰܽĶȫ˳ϾսҪôಿһ𼸺ܡɾûˣÿ䶼бĲ۲ĶλᣬҶſ˽࿪ˡ
ûпܿʨ̯ӣ෴ȱľ䡣ôΨǲ䣬ö϶١
ͼ˹ĵʨ嶼ܲ죬鵭ûһŭԹ޵˼㷣ܾü˹ʲôС
ʨ峤һ㶼ԼԼ˹ĵ⣬˹ȴһûȫȻɿԴʨ峤ֱðͼ˹⣬һȫ֪˭ӣż¶ľⱩ¶ģ˻ᱻƭƵȤʱʨӴ󿪿ڣԷǿ׳սսȴװһƲղӣСȡ˵ôô㵱Ц
ԷôˣȻǺİҪĺöȫˡ
ˣһҧÿ֨졣
ղֻһ죬վȰ˵´Ųսʿǰ뿪ˡʱûиʵ飬ֲֻΪ£վҲסˡղһεõʳĿ࣬Ϊ˱Ĳۺ춯Ͻ뿪
ҪʨҪĿ˼˹ϣͳõջ񣬻Ĳղô뿪ֻõߵȼʳģûе£õ͵ȼʳҲܱȿֶǿöɣ
󣬽׽׷̤Ϸ̡
øԼսʿղһȥˣֻͼ˹ǵڶ뿪ƬģǼʨսʿ󲿶뿪ֻ¼˼ͼ˹ֹ͵͵ܵ
ȥ֮ǰ˰͵һΣ˸̽ϢССһ£ѾȫСͻ̷ݡ
ͼ˹ûпŲ΢һٶԭ·ղ䣬ʼյںǵװ֪ȿҪһɽʱŵ˲ȥ
ͣ½ŲԶƬɽȣüͷ΢΢𣬡ƺЩø߼սʿöడ
˹ʣܿм𣿡
̽£
˹ЦЦûࡣ
߼սʿ٣粿Ჿ䶼Ǹ˹ںһʣ˾Ÿһֱռһ롣
аûʡ
˹ʵҡҡͷɫصһסǣҵߡ
ȻͬʱԸ򲻹
ͷգգۣҺǸһ£ʵҲǸ߼սʿľϵܲѾָϱ۷״̬ټϼ˹־ӮҲɣ
ģ˹۾һǾȴ˵
ŵһ
ôһԸ˹֪ܿ˴𰸡
Σ˹ҲܲסȺŹοС⣬;˷һ˿

ʨ߼սʿֱɽȲͬķλɽȸȦ
һø߲ľ£εʨսʿϢſïܵβʱʱڿҡһ¡
ôûʨսʿһ䣬ش˸Ƿ۾հż飬ȴǷǰ֪ʲôʱƾһҰȡ
ûڰС
ýƵɢŨζһɹɵֱǿ꣬ҪǣֻζͷԼܾúܾûȻôһ㡣
ֻи߼ʳĵζ
ᣬС򣬵˻ûԼжļߵջ˲ѹ¶ԡôաɻſݵĴһ¾ҧ˹ȥ
͵غһҧ˸ա
ҧȻǿա
ʨսʿаػҧֻȴͻȻǰƮȥʶȥ׷֪ԭλԽԽԶֱԼ͵ͼ˹ǰ
˹ʨսʿҪһȴ͵ͷ˹ΰסֱԸٻ䣬ΪǾһʩԴӳΪ߼սʿûٱôҹ
˺һ߼սʿٶȻͦģ꣬ʼʩ˵ڶ߼սʿ
߼սʿܿͱһš
ôף˹Ծ
ЦЦЩ߼սʿٶ֣Ϊ̫٣һŵĲˡǵǾԸΪԼ䣬ֻǴûô򵥣Եǿ־ļ˹УǴûƭǵֶΣһκܺãһǾԲɹˡ
άεĸ߼սʿһãȻطڷǱץսʿˡ
һ󲨻εսʿ໽ųڵλóȻû嵽ǰȻͱɱ棬һ⧲ˤöᣬֻϷɵӹһ١Ҳû̫ãͼи裬һŵȺˤŵģһȫ
սʿǣܵ첻˼ˡ
ò״Ӵлعȱץס߼սʿʹغ
ҵʧ
ҵҲǣ
˾ֿ־壬ͨͼ쳺ߵǰ
ҩҺˡ
ɵúáȻԭӼ˹쳺죬ʨҩҺѹûá
ˣע


114 
ԶԶЩסԼĸ߼սʿ, ʨ峤ڵóӶˡ
ôô죿ھ漱ת, һתһƲס
ʨ峤òϣԼ˹Ǻµġθ˵Ҫɱ˹İһ, ʱҲս, ٵжˡ
֪ô߼սʿ, εĸ߼սʿһνɱ˹ʱҪһ, ɱҲǴһٰ, ʨ峤ˡ
Ϊ־˳ж, ҲΪ˳øЩսʿƵĴ˿̱һţǰȫġ
ȫĽ
ȫôܱȵϱץסĸ߼սʿ
ܡ
ʨ峤𰸡
˵ܱȻʨ峤峤ȴò峤˳ġʨ廹, 뵱峤ʵҪģǾǱΪ߼սʿһֱôģֱ˹֮
˹ߺ, ѾͳΪ峤, оʨ峤Ĺ͡ʨ峤Ϊڵ峤ټϳʱΪκõ, ò峤λó峤ҪǸ߼սʿ, 峤Ȼ˵ʨĸ߼սʿû峤ԸЩϵĸ߼սʿ峤, Ǿӽ߼սʿѡ峤
ʨ峤ԥƼ, Ҳڵʨ峤һ, ֵ֧峤ʤ
ʨ峤ȡʤ, 峤ȴ̫˳ġϾʵˣ嵽ԮǺܶ΢β͵峤ġ
ֻҪԼΪ߼սʿͲˣʱ˭˭
ֱ̰̣˹
˹ʨ峤ϵһѵļ˹ʱʱ˹¶⣬ܺЩƫƫ˹͸ʶһʨ峤޷Ӽ˹￴κζ̫־붫Ҳ̲ס֡
˹ǴεȻ⵽Χ߼սʿΧɸһȴʨ峤Լ
ԼԶԶȲϼ˹ս޳ܵ͵Ϯ˶Է
ʨ峤ֻҪǸҹ飬õǶ޲ɱԷڰǰĲ˭ɱ˭⣬ôܾȳԼĸ߼սʿ򲻵ȼ˹֣ͻŪ޴ʧ峤
ʨ峤ˣԼȲˣܣԼ壬ȥȱ
С룬һһĵϣһ죬ֱźһϸ٣ϸٺȦסһֻţбϸٸ߸ߵɿĳطʨ峤˱ۣԼҪꡣ
ˡջܣûܲٿأϸʱɿʨ峤Ӹ߿׹£žڵˤ˸ס
㲻ʨ峤ôôС˹һŲϣᳰ
ʨ峤װףԾ˴ȴʵ᲻ģòá
ؿʨ峤Ҫɱ⣬ʨΪʲôǵԼ˱壬ԸɴɱΪɱԼͳ˸߼սʿǡôû֡
ҵİְɡ˹°ͣɫ
Ѿʨ峤⻰͵ضסˡ
֣ôô򵥡˹ǲ֪Լ͵Ϯ
ʨ壬ҿ⳥ʨ峤̽
˹ʣô⳥
ʨ峤ټ˵ǿԺúҪߵȼʳҲС
ߵȼʳģã
ãʨ峤˹ģæȰֻҪǣһк˵ʳģҲ˵һ룬ؿڴһɾʹʨ峤ӲԼؿڣֻﰼȥһ󶴣Ѫ˼£ڴڵ³ѪȻԴһᣬˡ
ʨһӱս͡
㡢Ȼɱǵ峤ð죬һʨսʿһôôĶ֡¶Ҫ峤ͽ˼䲻ؾͰ˸Ūˣ⾿ôġ
ҲܾȣôȻɱɱ˾Ҫбɱ׼ֻеϧΪ⳥ֲ
ͷꡣ˹ɫѿ˵ӵһμԴһֱšɱɱ
뵽ʧļ䣬˼ɨʨ峤ʬ塣
ˣЩҪô죿˹һ߿ʨ峤ʬ壬ָһŵսʿʡ
սʿŵýֱ
𡢱ɱǡСġ
ЦߵǼ߼սʿǰųǵԺ׼¾ӡǡľ⼸ͻƵ߼ѽ׶Σͬףָӡܼ򵥡
Ȼ⧲ʧˡ
³֡
Щ߼սʿԴоϡǾѵǾ˲µġ˭룬ֻǸļ˾ˡ
Ǿѵںصһ֡Ժ׵ľͷסʱ򼸺ȷӦˡ˹죬߹͵˸߼սʿǲǿҪǼ˾ǰ˾ѧڸ߼սʿԴŪֱõϺ󣬲ǿֵ˸߼սʿϡȻԣǲ仹ǸҪѾļ˾
Ϊ𾴵ļ˾ҪôѾҪô;Ѵ
˹ֵŪϵļ˾Ǹ߼Ѻܾõģûа취
ӡ˵ľϵܲˣ϶ɾĻ̹Ȼ䡣һȲЩƼ˾еϧþЩ߼սʿԶӡ
ǾͲָǵˡ쳺ιǵҩҺһСֽţԭҩҺ˵ͳɢˡֽŵȴʱɢֻҪҩҺ»ָ
ü˹Ʋסɱľֻʨ峤һȫӵһҩҺʱһЩȲ
Цҡҡͷ˰󣺡߼սʿ£ʣµԼղ䡣ܼԶӷҲࡣЩţҲ½һأаؿʹܣԺҪھСҲ͵ȥܣʼվûţЩԭǱģҲס˺ü߼սʿͲǻ³çؾ
һߣͼ˹ż߼սʿ̳
Ǹʲô˹Ƴ۸ںĸ߼սʿɻʣ˵Ҫʨһ㷴㹻ˣϺ𣿡
߼սʿòУϺȾͻָǵ
Цŷʣ£
˹뵽úóԵȾͽˣɵزµҪЩ߼սʿƭ˳
ͷ¶ˡ
˹üĻȷʵʡöࡣǵóЩսʿıӺ飬ֱܷ˺Ұа취ƭǣ
Ĵһ
ģ˵һѻֻܵĴߡ


115 
Ǹ߼սʿ, ·ȻĲˡƻʱ, ͼ˹ż߼սʿĲ䡣
粿ͳ壬õطֻһ, Щεᱻס帽, ߼ֳΪ粿Ĳ䡣Ĳ, ЩͬҲ粿ɲ֮һǼˡ
λĲ, εĲ买Χ, һܳгһ޶ͳ켶λ, ЩɢΧĲһϣеϮǾǵһҪȥġ
и߼սʿ·ͼ˹׵ؾͱܼܿĵط, ͨһЩεС·档
ȥ峤Сİʱ˻Աߵİɣ˾˵òˣôСĵİַȫˡһļ˹˵˹ûԼô˵, ץ, ˵˳˲ٶȲܵĹ֮ڵ峤ıλ֪˺١, ൱Ϊ˹˲òλء
˹û, ȴûһӽ΢һЩ̲סĵ׵ı, ޲ʲô, ֱӳȥһ
ǻʱ򡣡˹, ĬĬԼһ̡漴һһ߼սʿƨ, °ͣǵˣԸҪô˰ɣ
ЦЦ߼սʿһͨ˵ָָ꣬һȥסҪñ˷֡ʱɢߣҪע⡣
Ǹ߼սʿԼͬ鼷һȿ޻ѿЦݣŲ쳣ص߽
Ź˰Сʱ߼սʿĥĥ߳
˹ͷص̫ˣòôҪһ٣㲻ҡһԷ;Բض
СЦҡҡͷ֪˹ǹҪñȴȥܡ⼸߼սʿһһҪģȻһĥʱ䣬䣬˭
߼սʿŲʮˣһˮмսʿһмսʿٮٮߡЩ߼ɢżϼ䣬ϸ۲ܷʵʱʱ̶̿һΣգڵһʱֵĺ
۾ֱ
˲ŰЩ˲ţ̷ݵĵ֧Զˡ
߼սʿǹʱ䣬ᡣͲＧ˹ǰ峤ΪƲŲòôġԼСмսʿĸҪ붼룬϶ԼҪ߼Ѻö꣬û׼ʲôʱͻȻ˾ͳأôȥ˭Ը⣿ԸǾֻܱѡȻѹ鱳ѣﻹεúݰ
Һÿһǰ峤ˣı˵ҲԼڲ¹ʣ壡
߼սʿôһοֱԽԽȷͷһͨͲ˲ɢøɸɾЦֺõؿ첽˹ȥ
˹ˡôδйĹ̬ȸպôһ䣬ͱ˹ųıӣشӵϵĳСڽ䡣
߼սʿûʲô
ͬĿԶȥõͲҺߴǼʮɫȻмսʿ
ʲô
ôء£
һȺľӢսʿųССáǾʧ⼸ĸ߼սʿǼ˵޶Ǹеǳֻš
Ϊʲôвʶĸ߼սʿ
Ϊʲô߼սʿһĻ޷Ӧ
ӭǼ̷ݡԼδ˲Ц紺硣
мսʿһͷˮ㿴ҿ㣬һ룬һûйȴ˿˵ľӿǵԺԴһ㣬ʮɾѸ׼λãɿӡһӡǡ
ȻûУϿǸ߼սʿרջؾÿԼ˵Ŀ⿴мսʿǣ΢Цҽܣҽղ̷ݣԺǾҷݵĵԶˡ
ղʲôݣ
Զӣ
мսʿǴ㵵Ӷ˵Цսʿ𣿡
ˣһǵһμ˸սʿ
㳤ôһָܴû뵽ȴС
㡪
߶˾ӡʹʱϮмսʿԺ֮ǰ¾ӡǻһգ۵Ĺѹû˿ӡһ߶ӸǧϰֻƵģЩмսʿ;쳣
⡢Ǿƣ
ϣȻо
Ȼܿ죬Ǿһֶ˵ˡΪǻ˵֪ѵ̡Ϊʹȼ
ʹ
ǽеòҾ徣߼սʿµʶסԴҿм˾µľϣǱʹĥ
ĸ߼սʿǰʮмսʿںΪİʲôʱŪǵľϣ߼սʿЩˡ
˹һĸ߼սʿʱʮмսʿ޵
Ҫ
šǡ
ʲʲô
ƴҴ˵ĵĻֹͣ˴߶ӡ
ȥһϢһ°ɡ˵ʮмսʿȴһоºͣɵһԡ
Σͼ˹ûŲѣһ߼սʿ˳
ڶ߼սʿжɿ죬÷һٶȴʮмսʿ¡¡˹
̫󣡡˹õ˵꣬ñסȥ֮ǰĺڽᡣ
߼սʿᡣ
ȡǰ֮ٶȡΪ˱ֵøãмսʿܲһԺˣϧӲ˹Ķ
編ƣͬţշ˷δĵԶӡ
ʣµ߼սʿ˱ǰ߸ٶȺƭмսʿ
ϢСܹġ
˹ñһûУһ顣
ǲûһ˿߼սʿԼ޴
ɵ̫ɵˡһҲʱɡ
ԶҲˡ
Ժ·ЩмսʿǾôֻŪԶĿǰҪ¡շˣϸϸһͺͼ˹߼սʿ뿪ˡ
емսʿǷֿ塣
߼սʿ²ʱҶ֣һǵͼ˹ƣ˸ɴŪˡǸ߼սʿʵǿû׼ǾԼ͵͵ܻ
ο峤ĿǰŲܶԼ˲ϡ
ΪսĻѼ˹ɱ峤ǰеĸ߼սʿɳȥˡҲǸ߼սʿ֣Ҫȥղֻɼ˾ȥ˾һߣû߼սʿˣһʨûô죿
ʨȴԾǵˡ
ңûʲô峤Ҫ
㶨壬ͼ˹ȫٸϵʨ壬Щʨĸ߼սʿڰп˲мսʿ
ЩΪͿնȫ֪


116 
ССһ, ʨδһº, ͼ˹߼սʿʩʩȻصղ䡣
⼸Ϊıߣͼ˹ֶ˼־⡣һ·ָĴ, ׽޾, ժҰӾԲʮ, ֱĲˡ
Сֺͼ˹, Ȼһ·Խٽղ, ԽѰ, µòС
Щ߸ϵĸ߼սʿӦôԼűԶʳԵȵȣÿҹ˼ҪôʵͲҪĲŶԡҪ²ˣǸܵķ², лչʾһԶԶսʿǿսʱ˷²ʵ, ղսʿҲ̫ǡ
ƫƫĲķ²
, Ҫȥʺһʨĸ߼սʿʡ
ԭֻ֪ͼ˹ʵǲͨոսղһĻ, һͼ˹ղĵλ
ֻ˵̫̫˰
һ˵, ղſڵսʿʲôû˵ͼЦÿš
˲ýޱ⣬⼸˾ȻҲý˵ûޱ, ǼޱҴȴᰡǽĿɲǼ򵥵ޱ, һϲŶԣ
οŵսʿûҪޱ, ǼȫԹȥ, ͸ûһƺѹͲǺǻ
߼սʿǻûʹǱ͸߼սʿŵˣҲûһǲޱҵġ
ܵ
߼սʿһ˲䶼ӶԷͬľġ
ҵ˳߼սʿ£ֱӰȫ˳
⼸˿ǿ׳ӦòõıҰ޸۰ˣƬ̺˵
ҪŪǡЦŶǻбء
˹һ߲䣺ҲҪǹ̫Ȼԡ
ҪеΪˣ˳ȴЦۣζ˵ˡ
УûбǾˡת뿪
µĸ߼սʿһ㶡
ףз˵ʲôˣ˵ôϵ˶ãѵǰͼ˹̫ǿˣ
˳˸С˹ָż߼սʿ̽ôʺԺǱߵͽˡѡǱߡҧüء
С˫ৡһȲʵ𣿲һž˰ɣ
߼սʿԼ衱ˡ
С˵ʲôأ˭ᱻһž˰
ǣǶԷҪϲŶ԰ɣ
ûʶСӣ֪˭𣿡˺Ȼһظĵážž죬ͬǿǸ߼սʿ
˳Сˣ
ˣ֪ԼǼɵ
뱻ɵɿ콻һôʺС˾ͰѸ߼սʿ쵽ĳҰԶԶģҰ˻߽һ߼սʿ˲ˡ
ʮֻҰޣ
ʵﵽмսʿҰޣ
һ£ɡϣ˵ǴҳôǿҰ޵ģ

̷̤ݵĵ̣ӭҵµĻӭʵղ俪ʼһֱûٹߵעӡĵ̣ǵ̶ȻᲢۡ
ˣڻ
̫Ȼõսһ
ô粿Ჿܵģ
˵Щ˱ɸ߼սʿʳĶԼģ
˳̫ÿʳĶ͵㻳˯ء
ˡ
ŹԼӢʷ˳ǣеܵŵؿ첽˷
ʳҪ˯˰ˡ
ڷ־һ׷Ҷġս󣬺ò׻صԼ㰲
˹Թؿܻӭ
Ц⡰ӭԸҪҪ
˹ֵ˯ֶöö࡭
ڽӵ˯ֻ㰡
˹һ㶣ðβźŶͲСŶĩ˶ģԺҲúñġ
Ъһ֪æؼҵСƿ˹
ְ֣㰡ëԴѴȥצצץֲš
رסְҲ㣬ⲻϾͻ
ŲϡǹˡС߰Ūָȥ˰壬ɴ಻ˣǹҹְֲŻġ
ǰְִˣóԵĲвУ۸ںĻңСߵݸ˹ס㰢Ҳ㣬Ҳòã
˹鲻Ըͬ鲻ԸСһ鲻鲻Ը뿪˷䡣
ڵȵԼȸĻᣬҪƪһæס
ô
һ£ܺáϸ˵һʱ£Ҫǹڵġ
뿪ʳˡ̹ҲȷʵŬɱϾȲʳζҪöࡣҪ˵ĻҲͺЩ̹ˮƽ࣬Ȼ̹ļˡ
ˮƽ࣬ʱ䳤ȻȻԶ˾ˡڵʱԣʵϱʳ껹Ҫܶ࣬ÿ쳤档
ⶼԤ֮УǰҲڵˣû뵽ڻţǼ⡣ΣΪԼԲûа𷹹ݣÿ켸ڳﲻߣûûҹϰաˣϰʳԼޱģԭǰﲻˣ̣ʳġ
ھôԼڵˡ
ΪĽʳʣȻʮ²Զû£ƫƫԼڵ˺üȦݣʳİԼ˸ҵ
ֱ֪˵ʲôźá
ҿɥ˵ôˣÿǰʳǶ˼ֻܾܾܳԣ㲻֪Ǽÿγ꣬ȥҪ͵͵һѡǶޱңʳﰡҪʵڳˣҶ³³Խȥ
Կۣȥɣ
κɫҰήҲҡҡ׹һһŲʣſڵϿ
ҡҶԲ㣬Բ𷹹ݣ١׬ޱˡ
˷ƽֿϿٳϿҵذڿһ仨úܺãҪáֻϣݲҪʧУȴ׬˲ޱҡܰҪ㡣׼õޱͳ
ɵӹ֮ǰ׬ĶҪࡣ
м˵
⼸ҹˣȰָáһºúý㡣
һ̣ڷҪΪΪ
һҹߣ΢΢ݿʱ䣬˰ĵ졣
ʲôŵļ˹ʡ
һԸĿΪʱڣֶֶ󣬴ʱŲ֪ˡбսʿȴǺˡ
Ÿ˺⣬ʾȰ˵עĿ£⡣
ڿʼ̷Ϊʳ꣡


117 
һ˵, ΧȺľͰ
ʳꣿ
ڳ˴ʱ໥˿, Ȼͬʱݺ˵ϡ
ۡһƬǷ׷ջ, һһƻõ૵ǼʳꡭǼʳ갡
ûǴ, ʳֻ粿Ჿаɣعߴߴʱ˵ˡ
ҸǵһһǵǲһҲ
粿Ჿǲ䰡
ʳǳΪǲһҪҪ, ղʳ, ǲ˵ܿǲͻɵǲˣ
˵ҲǺܿǲˣ
ղ佫硢Ჿһ, ܿҲӵǵǼ, սʿǲ䣬˵Ŭһ£ȥһǲء
ԽԽ˵˵ŻʹʳתƵ˶ղóС
һԽԽڡ
Щ˵ôûҲǷĵһѡղʳδΪǲ˺ܴһ, ɳһ㣬طúԶԶΪ죬ղûľϲͷ, ˡ˵ǿ϶˵, һֹֹû뵽˵Ĳȴһһ󵨡ǷԴ, ǿɲԱ˵
ǲ治ô׾ܵõ, ھ˵ֻȡЦ
ȻЩĽ̾ʹˡ
ǲ䣿ղи߼սʿ𣿡
˵߼սʿ, мսʿж٣ָǾġ
أǵĶ಻ࣿ

һҹ, ղ˱ҵȻɢ, ĴԿʼ侲
յ׺ڳ˹סΪһĲ仹ûһﵽ׼, ҲΪЩȫʹʳˣƫƫȴòղ죬һղǲһ󲽵ȴһղ䶨ӵԣԼҲ
վöָеңζӳ£ʱĸҲûˡ
ʳˣúøɡճǶ
ллЦ˵
ΪǺղ䶨ӵģ´£ǲȻǶǲ䣬ĺôҪ粿Ჿࡣ
Ŷ
յ粿ᲿǲܴһأҲܴһأҲǸһֻǵʹãҿĽǿظ㡣ԺؾģҪãҲþͬޱҲС
յĴ󷽵ȷϣͶұҲҪԷղеĿյض£ݺ͸ͿõĵҪ
ȿԤϵĵҪһ㣬ʶ࣬˵Ժʳȫܡ
͵ظˡ̽ڲйȨ֮⣬ԺʳԼ˭ûʸ֡ݹԼ졣
ʳʳһѡʳ궼ȥʳģֻǲá
Ӵ˿̿ʼϴȫܹܡ
һ˵һѣССĺô٣Ķȴࡣܵ˵ľɡ
߿պǵĹϲʾ˸лת˷䡣ԷݳΪ˵ûʲô̫ĸдϲûԷ˶ࡣԼԱƵĹһЦΪǳʵЩ͡Ȼͱ
еֵߵߵԸⱻ֡
ᵽʳ
ݳΪǵĵڶ죬ղǰžȻȫŹϲйĻûģͽֺĻǼʵĿȫԭȺ޲Ͽ군ģʱСֺõЦ
ˣӼĵһۣҾ֪
ҿϲʳˣԲʳԸ
㲻ʳͽҲǸڣҵôˣʳﶼûóԡ
ʳһÿһ԰һЧǿ󣡡
ŶˣղŻôˡ㿴Щˣ۵ĻǴƵģȫǰݵڶľġ

Ҳ̫̫߳һ㣬ԽԽŵ˵ǿͷð̣Цõظæ¡ö죬ûȥ񶼹ܲסòװ齥ȴ˺üʳתעһ߳˷䡣
ΪⲨƽˣûϵղĦȭڷ˵ڶơ
һǹϲ﹥ơ
ڶͽơ
ûͽ
ղǾȻȫʦˣ
ˣ𾴵ĳͿմˣˡѧʳ֪ɲԣ
ԹʳҾʶԼôûáܸһұǿĻһһǿĻ᣿
ֻҪԸңҵʳ꣬ҵʳģԼȫ㡣רʳĴ˸ۣ˵Ҫ¶ϡ
һ󲿷ֱж֤ԼľġǹرԼʳ꣬еļҵڷſڴ˵̡һ첻ӦǾſ˯һ졣ԶӦǾĵϡ
Ƥܺ񣬵̵ľ쳣ᶨ
ֻһȴִϡ
ΨһĶӶˡ
ԴղϯȻķȥ˯Ųߡ
Ӵ㲻øѧʲôɣεʡЩߵһʳζôʳ̺Դ꣬ζǵһ˿еġ
۾ش𣺡ѧϰôʳġ
ָʳģ
ǵġӶ˫ȹ£ֱ۸߾٣һ֮Ĵ
˼һͷͬˡ
뿪ʱȲٽȥһΣҪȥǴУƾĿǰʵ뾡ʵзݺһȺҪܣѵмսʿûľȥˡղֲֻҪ̻ôֲʳѵмսʿԺܽȥ֡
Ӹ˵뿪ͬʱ
ǸЩߣ෴ȫȻճͽܣһûͽܵĴ㣬һͽܡӴߣΪӸԼҪѡһ
ٶȸһΪʹáԵʦѧղЩѡûѡϵֲԸģǾȴӸѡϵˣٽǡ
۲ѡһȷԼҪģиó˼ǣڽǶʱÿҲиԵĲص㡣˵̵ҲǶôѧʳͦ򵥵ġ
ԶȻðһ뷨ʳﶼǰð뷨ġΪ˸ѧʳԼʳ궼ˣɲС
ʳҪ
Ҫ׼ǰʳı־ˡҪʲôֻҪ̷ݵı־С
̵ϸģǴűѡеһԽУѧʮ㡣ʮȥһѡ¿ʳˡֻҪȵȣʳƻ̷ݵб־ĿλãҲⰲˡ

ӿ̷ݺղǷӵҲӿ˹
ָĿյϣһȺȻظ˷ݡľϵĴªͼֽϸֳĿյطΧһʯ¥ܿ˴ڣò̫ʯ¥õͰʯͷΧһȦֳǰԺ̸Ժӣ濴Ӹղʯࡣ
Щʯ¥ûʲôҪڼǷӵǵŬ£Ӻܿ͸Ǻˡ
ҪǵЩֻǵһԺ½½ʦӻǵԽԽֱ࣬͡
˸Ǻ˷ӣôþԼˡμҾߵȵһӦҪĶԼѡޱḺ͡ϾķԱ͵Ǹĸˡ
ûؿʳ󣬶ӶԱᶨڸǳͣܳԹܺȹסҩҺʦй̶ϢաҪǣᶨڽµʳ˽¶㣬һµóۡӶɱԼʳ׬ޱҶˣûôۡ
ʵֻʳһ㣬ǵޱҶԸ⡣
ʵ᲻뿪Դ˲ģɵջûˣµľͺá


118 
ղǸѧϰյʱ, һ춼ڸѧԸⲻ߲ݵѧ, ȴûǸʱûûҹؽǡʱ䣬, Ǽʳ, ׬һһ㡣
֮ǰղ䲻ҪرʳϢʱ, ǼֱжôϲЩʳʳ, ʵûЩʳǾֻԼԶˡʳٲóҲҪǿٱ, ˵ԼʳѹͲʵ
ЩʳŻ̷ݿţ, ϲ̷ݵʳˣϲûðõλóԵõʳаǵȻܺãô죿ֻȥʳˡЩʳȫˣѵҪʵҲҪˡ
ʳżؿ, ղȫ˿ֻû꣬ղЩǾִҪŵĻ
ǣ
ҲЩʳϼҹͻٿ
ΪʲôѵΪǴγԲżӸеܸˣûǲУ
ǲûЩһ̷ֱݵλòһȥǲûղ䶨ǻ, ǲƽȥԷ˵ʱҪʳء
˵ûͦ, ȻЩǸѵǾǰɡܵûĸĸǻܷġ
ղԾǵ˼, ԹԵ, Ȼܿϧǻ⡣
ˣЩǲװӹʳ, Ĳٿˣ
󾪡
ˣܰɣҿʳЩڰ
ЩǶҪ, , ǲ˾Ҫ
ԺҪȥԷ
ѾʮҹһζӵζˡΪʲôʮҹΪٴʮҹһ̷ݵλðɣ
ǶδʳļѾʱ, ʳǹ˼ٴδؿʳϢ
ǣǲǳ̫ЩǾȥĺܺ棿
Ǻܷŭ
ŭмʳԵĸˡ
ŭͬһΡŤĵǣֱ
Щʳ궼ᵽ̷ˡ
û˸ǵЩʯ
ʯԭҪԼõ໣ΪʲôԼðһΪλõҪ̷ء
Ҳǰ˺üҹʱ̷ݵʳʱпԵԲΰ
Ǽֱ֪ǸÿĻǸѹˡʵҲֻǱʱɱˣܿд˷Ӧ˹
¸ǵʯǸЩõģڸѧʳ𣿡
ܶʶ뵽֮ǰĳѧʳǺһֱĶǴѧʳǶʱͻȻˣȻһȾͳ̷ݵķܡ
Ǽʹƽٶȣ׷ױΣҪôȵڵøƵģҪôţûûڳһߡ
·ͻȻһȫܲ
ռ˵ľǡ̷Ƕˡ
ʮ޴ˮĻڰհ뻡ŴûĹ档ÿһˮĻвŵݶһΨһͬľʳＴʹ֪ǼٵģԾÿ˿ˮƲסðǵţ֭ǴŹǣ׺εˮ⣬һƬƬ̰ŨгƬ߲ˡ
ûģȲܲܳԵ֮Ǵ۸
Թʳǻԣٶ඼塣ûԹʳ͸ԣҪͿǵޱҲû⡣
ĻܵͲ޵Ļ䣬һ̷ʳ
أһոϵʶƮ䵽ǰʳſҧȥ˸գڵˤ˸ʺ˵ĺЦޡվڵǵͨ죬ЦʲôЦҲûȥԹ
⻰һǾ˾
ǻˡеżΪ棬ȥԵġе֪Ǽ٣ƫаҪȥײײһײһأ
ȿȻһԵʳˡ
Լѣ˹ѣ̷ݵϹ˿ͣΪĴڿνػļҾߵ鲼ˡ˶ٴһûеʱտݸһֻҰô࣬ССļҲ㹻ΧĿյˡ
˼ǳϲȴӶǺĳȡ
ʹǱ˳ŹϲһµģҲǹϲ
ǰδеķЩڷĵ׶һ˿ʡһĲ֪жԶȫûð˵׼һĻӰ׬ޱҡ
򵥵˵仰ֻ޽һСղʳǾʽӭˡ
һӵ룬ЩѷӼ
⣬ҪԺ⣡
ʶģǶΪЩʳʳ̷ݵһҲһ£ϰ߾Ϳʼˡ
̷ݵʳԲܳԵ̳ʳҲǿû̷ݵҪó԰ɣ
óһģǿϧû⡣ֹ⣬̷ʳﶼûС
ʲôҲûô̷ݵıǣ
ǵʲôԵģѲɽǵԼûʳ
̷ûеʳѣÿʳʵǻꡣ
ˣ𡢹ûĹ𣿡
û̷࣬ʲôʱôĻսʿ
̬ǰδеºͣΪҪһֱܵϲŽл
ԴֻЦЦû͹˼ýͲԼԲܸá
ʲôʲô˼ʵѹ⣬˵кóԵĳԾ͹ˡʵҲȷʵˣǺܿͶ뵽˻ĻС
Ƭʯʳǵĵһǡڶʱ
ԭʼĻ϶ûôȫóԵĶеʳĸĥġΪ಻࣬Ļظġ࣬õȴһǶиƫҰóҰ⡣ϸζףɫ̰ŨеĺʸøҰҰĢزϡ
һģһķĻζȫһΪͬٻӰ쵽ʳĵζͬʱеֻģеֻص˳ԡǵòԸԼͬʳʡ˺ܴõֻͬ˻Ӱ졣
㣬ʲôҪʲôԼֲõ̫ʱ䡣Ȼȴ̳ԣƵĶպϣǲϲˮˮǶԵúܿġߣ̷ݵʳȴܴԻ̷ֲʳǾ͸ɴ̷Ŷʳʳﵽתȥ꣬ûþ³Է
˻ĸķſھܳţȴӿ˱ȴǰ࣬ûôӵˡ
ʯǵòܰڷŵνӴģĸʳ˶ĸʳ٣ûһҾͻλãҪŶҲõ̫á
ڹź㱨һĳɹ׬ޱǲš
⡢ȵʮҹ׬ޱˡ
̫ˣͲ˵ˣҪЩҰˣϴɾһƬƬڷźãһǻޱ̫಻Ըԣû뵽ȻһӾˣ
Զԣһ߲˿ҪޱҲ࣬Ҫһһݣޱҵʱö඼סˡǸû뵽ôɡ
ʳﲻö˻ҪԾûˡ
Ҳǡʳ֭Щø죬Ǽ˱Ŀ֡ǲ֪Щһ߱ͷһһͣع֣ûգ۾ͺһ󱭣һһһûعˡ
ĶʳһʼҪ̹֭Щȵ˺٣Ƕ߳Աߺ˵ΪȾ͹ˡҸǼ˺öˣǲҪ˹֭ȣȻһȾͣˡһЦЦĩز˵֪Ǹϲǹ֭Щ¸ҹҪЩźá
Ƕúܺá˵꣬ЦŹ
ǲ˼˵̵úá
ѧÿ졣ػ䣬ǲȥѧϰˡʱȲˡ͵Ҫʳһǵġ
ǵڽǣ⻰ˡ
ǲ࣬ʱǣظ֤
΢Цû⡣⣬˶٣ٹãǻڸæġ
ΪԻ˻࣬ϲüңһֺá
У˹˷ܵ·߲õɵʵ
еġ˵
˹һܡҪǽ̲ã۵ɲǡ
ˣǵøһЩ͹
˹˵ͷʣҪҪٸǼӣ
룺ǰɡһȷʵãЦԺҽʳ˶ˣҾŪѵ
˹š£ʲô֧֡


119 
ղһ, Ϊս, Դ뿪ͲϵղӿǰΪղҸÿ˵£Ϊۿһܽ粿Ჿѹȥõһľʲô̶ȵ
䲢һ֪, л΢һġھղĲ, ൱ˡֻ˵ûʲô̫ϵ, ʵ沿ֵ֪ĺٺ, ֪Ļǡζ顱, ֮, Ȼ̷ݵĴˡᵽ̷ݣղ䲻ɱҪһδγԭ˲֪Ĳһ޷ĵز
Щ⣬Ӧ˵Ľ
ϲһԼʳϲ, ȴôϣԼǱ˹ߡϣǶĻӭΪԼʳǷΪ˲žʳóԡ
ʳӾͺã˵, ھսһº, ֻԶˡ
ûˡ
׵׳ΪеĴˡ
Դ˵սѹȺ۵ı, ֪ж˶ڸϵղ·;СеΪ˳Եʳ, ӶԼеǶ羴ۼһ, ѧЩʲôáһ, Ҳġ
ǽ, ǲмΪָԭźûμս, ǴԸһǲ䣬һǿɶǲĵطֱǻΪԼûŸֵĻᣬǵʱڣԲЩȥûߵһ
Ϊ˸ԼҲΪ˸ǵĲЩڵͬղ
ܲµһ㣬ȴûȥ룬˿һȺСߴߴΧš
ëԴߣһߣֻĳβͣòװסСǲҽУԸԹºڳ˿
̫ˣƫƫֶЩƤСһݲĳ
֪𣿡ĿؿһȺС̣ǱȺö̵ͼѵʱҪ磬˵ܰԱȺö̸һؿʼѵԼøǿ׳Լܺ׾ͲԵҰޡǲͣضϵԣֻȺö̿һмѣȻǾ
֪ʲôмսʿǿ֧һҪڣǱͬһ˵Ҫսܵ˵𾴣кܶÿҪǳΪ¡ǳΪмսʿ˵һܸ߼ѣһǿĸ߼սʿ
Ϊ߼սʿղͻΪǳΪǲ䡣ǲ䰡ڿֻ粿Ჿ˶ŬĿء
˵ü֪Сǵͼܱκߺܶ࣬ǲԲʱʶǵСڿ
С˼ֻ᲻뿪㽿ѡ
Ҳ뵱սʿΪһСڣ¼ͱɸǳһһ顣
ɱսʿǿˣ֪кܶսʿʳ
߲ߣҪѧʳ
Ц˵սʿҲСҲҪѧ԰мԵҰޣǸʱ뵱ҡ
ǿԴӱսʿ⣬ҪԼȥ԰
ǿɲС˵򲻵Լȥأ
ǡǡСǴͷɥصѧ𣿡
ԡͷ
СοԼĺǣְ˵աǿҰɣǲܵΪְֵĻְֻԶΪС֣˵һҪҰְֵĻа
ǵСԴ
Сߵ°ͣԺְ˵ĻǣҲҪҵĻ
ǼͷҲϴġ
С㲻ˣŸԸĸ˼ҡ
ְ֣µʲôʱС߱Ȳʡ
¸ͻ
ҴвУ
ЦҪ㰢ѵСû͵ѵȥż˹ѧϰһŪѵƻ
СսСȭͷ֤һѵġȻܴ棬Լδһ֧ԶӰһᳬģʵУȴϳ
һ˶ڳһһղͱʳԻۡ
̷ȻڵһѡǴδĹ棬Ļﲥŵı浽˵ʳǲЩĻսʿǿЩһμ𾪵ϲ£°͡ȺòװӴӹΡҪеʳԸʱȴһȺװͰ͵
ܲӣʳȥŶӡ
Щһ߾񶼱סˡ涼һҼǰվվ˼ˣЩǱʶľͰѳԵʳ˼˸Ϲˡ
Ƕߣ׼һˣű߻ûͱסˡ
Զģƾʲôǽȥ
ȻΪġôûŶӣƾʲôƹȽȥ
һǾ֪沿ġ̷ݵ˶֪ҪŶӣ벻ţҲСֻҪܰǰȫܣǾܵһȥ
˳Ļǰ˼£׷׵ô˲˵ܴܲùܴҲûֵ󰡣ĶҪǡ
ôˣ⳰Ц
һˡΪһսʿԱܣܱС
ĳһѳסԱߵԣ˵һȭͷͺݺ˹ȥ˿е֣ȴǳݣͷ΢΢һƫͱܹȭͷ漴һڶԷϣ߷˼ԶſŴļЦſڵϾҪΣȻֵļսʿ͵ѹڵϣˡ
ſң
ֺܵõشչżսʿͷȶֵġҶʳ͵ŶӣֵĻǻᱻϳ̷ݷΧҹģǾǲš
ѲߵսʿɨΧˣʵǲ
ǵǵġǽӶ
ӳȥѲսʿ˶Զ
ûֵһãȻƺû㶮ôͻȻǵ֮ͬһͲˡڷӦСǲ֪û˸߹ǲܶ֡ȻѲߵսʿ뿪ˡ
ǵЦǷ⣺ĸģôôʱûһ𣿡
԰ôܴ֪ܶ
Ц£ְҾվᡣ
Ǻ޵ֱҧлһҪݺЩƻղˣ಻
ﰵ귢йŭǼβ͹ԹȥŶӡ߰ߣֱվڶĩβͷȥ鳤ĹյƮڿеļʳﶼˣ
ܣޡ
ΪҵģЩһһŲܿݴʱ
˼Ҫˡ¶İ˿ҹɫ˾Ĺ⣬¸
ꡱһž˰ɡ

ԽԽ˵»궼ʱʱ̷λø˲ᵽƲĸ߶ȡ
һʳôôѣһȳΪ°񵥵һ
ܿ죬ûάֶõԤͳƫ
ղʵ̫̫̫ˣൽòһٶǷ˼ӿٶȽ·
ǲ󣬽̵ڶʳļƻҪʱǳѾʦǣһпܵʱнѵ·Ǻǰ̳˵ڶ
ҴҿʼӪҵ³ʦΡ
һпȥǰĵڶȫȥˡ
ʳ꽥죬ΪĿգϲɵ¾ǱԼĳƷɡ
Σ˼ͷĲҪ
ЩжôϲĲҲΣɵø߸ߵЩ˿չ˲Ҫġ
ֻÿˣôܻӭĲ䡣
շɹˣе¸ǵѵڱСѵССʯͷǽ߰ڷţ⻹иСĶõĹߡ
Ц۶ЩȥǶ𾴵Ŀ⡣
ЩССֿɰ̿ȫղδмսʿ
ţҲܳΪмսʿ
մˡݹ˱ǰ˷ܼеյʣкܶ˶ǲסЩֻʯȥˣӻǲáǷǶ˽ˣûжȥסʯвٵȷס㿴ô죿
ôסˣվȵʡ
ǰüЦҲû뵽ô졣
˼˼룬Ǿ͸Щˣǲʱ䲻ԶסЩѾޱҵģֱӸǣԸȵľ͵ȣԸĿԻޱҡ
еĻҲŽ
ǰЩҪղסɲղЩģ
㣬˵Ӳ
մ˷ģһ˵Ļǵġ˵һ£ЩԸȵҪô죿סģ
伾һһ졣Ҫȼ˵пյž˯伾ȴУ˯һҹǿսʿҪ
ǵѵתתɲмսʿѵһûзѵǵÿǸסķӲࡣھҪؼңȻţЩס
ݹ˾˫޳ɡ
ﶼȥֻҪҹ˯ͺá˷оʯżصϾȥǡ˵Ҵ뿪һ˵Ȳ뿪֪̫ܣһأס˿ɶϸϸһѡȷϹģʵǿ󣬳һ͸ղŶԡ
ûһѡûޱ뿪ʾԸȡѵסܺãûҲûϵǿԼȴƤӦƤҲûϵڼС붨ӵﲻлǷģֻĿǰеĸǷ϶ҪȽǱãպ޲ðŲϵ¡ЩǱǳģҲԸȥ
˹֪Щ˵ĴҲϡæö˯ʱ䶼ûˣ͸ǵҲר
ܾúܾú֪µǺǣһСľ˻С۵ˡ
ʵʾ֪ҲھΣΪסѵûǾȫŲѣסԼԱǵġᡱ
㰲ĵȷӸǳɵ붨ӵǣ֪ݹӶ˵Ϣȿֺ͸Լˡ
ղǿڶǽʱûôɹԶ˵Ҫ󣬸Ҫ˵ˡ
ʵЩ˶мսʿͳһ
۳࣬ǿ׳˶ۿ
۾ѵûзϵֻòϵˡ
ӶϸЩû˹ͷֵ˷ݵļ֧ԶõϢǼҪϲʣǾ̷ݽһͺãû뵽һ¾ͽ˷˵İߣǱ
´ղ䶨ӵ˷׷Ч¡ֻҪӶղ䶨ӵʸʳ׽ס⣬ûбõˡ
ǣھȷݹϸľ󣬷ݵԱסҲˡ
˴ض쳤̾ڻǷ˾Ǿˡǵѵû죬ٴμˡ
̷Ӷ˲Ǽ˷ݵԶӾǽʳǹ
ǵʳʳǵڶտҲɿ콨ãһտѸٿ
տġԿ֮ó÷̫˼̻ܽǡҿͻҪõһЩεǣǾΪԼǿҲõġ
ǺտǺ󣬻ԿʳǰСԳ֮ġ̷ݵʳǳŪˣԺֻӴ̶ˣÿʲôʳٷȫ顣֮Щﶼ˴µļƻ͵Ժһһʵ֡
ԣԺΪˡ
̹Ӷæ˺ֿʼ˹Ӷ
ѾղõϢƲסĶˣҲȴһδα粿ᲿЩɳܵضҡˡ
ЩսʿᣬҪ˱ߣǲսʿԺô죿
·;Զû߸ŵսʿȻʹ˸飬ѾͬղսʿкЩյͬĽ
Ͽز䣬ǧղ䣡
סղ䲻ˣ
յϢսʿңҿ㣬תһǲ򵹾Ͳĵǣš͡Цˡ
ǵԼղˣߣ߿϶ʲô⣬ҪԼء
Ǳѧϰ̬ǵսʿҲûȰǻز䡣˿˵ˣҪڿղǸб£ȻصΪŪǿսʿ
ǶôΪҪˣ谭˵Ұģ
жôϣȥղЩսʿǾжôۡ
ڸʮǽѺý
΢΢һЦǶǸԲҲûʲôܽǵġ෴кöطѧѧ
άͨˬЦһ仨Ҳսǵ˵һʤĳԼʵҲҪ
ˡһ㶼صͷͬ˵öԡ
ЦøˣûܽǵûϵǿԻ˵һ˵Եľ顣
䣬ͷ̸̸Եʳﾭһ̸һ߻䣬֪ʹ໥ھյ˴شС
źۼ˸Ƿ˯ʺЦʱʱͷ
һСʱδؽ䣬ͷתҪ˵һ˵Լľ顣
£˵òǲЦ㣬˻ܸȷģĸġ
Ҳô˵ЦЦ˵һӾˣҾûۿãΪأ
۾ৡһԸǿôʳôɵ
ǸЦЦǿˣûաȥǲɣʳﶼҽ̵ġ
Щź뻹á
ղǣЩʲôԷ˵ٻҲܿ˵ʲôǡá˵ʲôͬ˸ˣʲôʲ
ͬ´ǲôʳҲһԡ
Ȥôԣ
Ц⽥¸Ǻõʳ껹мţԸĻǾһʳǳԡʳ׸ãʳİ׸ṩʳҲҪޱҰ׽̸ǣΪ׬ޱҶҵġ
ղĽǣñĻҪȻʳζƫġô㣿Ϳṩǵʳˡõʳֲζ˽ǾͻΪԼѧúáͷҪޱҾղĿľʹﵽˡԸҲ£صԼҲһģһζʳ
ֻҪЩԸ⿪ʳ꣬һ춼׬ˡ
һ㶼Щǹ˷ʳġΪԼȫҪӵúܡ
ȻЩǶͬˡҽ׸ľٶ˶ǵֺãˡ
ʮ죬ʳʳӭ˵һˡ޴ڵĽкǷ·ƮƶϣŵŴӿžûϹޱңԽԽġ
ղһ㲻ǲ˲ޱ͵öޱҲǵģؿۡ
ۿһƺҪԼĲ䣬Ҳȥѣʱ䣬Զӳȥļ˹Ҫˣ֪ûҵҪĶ
Ҫûҵ˹ȴǸһϲ


120 
ղŵսʿľϲӦ, û̫þϰղǰֻضʱܼܶ, սЩһԶûͷĳ
еܳ, ղǷɿϵת䡣
ŵսʿ˸Ƿ, һŲԶһڽӽСڵ㡣
кܶˡսʿѡ
ͬҲ, ˰ںص, Ҳ¡
ղ˶Ѻõ̬, һڴսزվ֣µսʿǡǳڶľ, ҪԼѣսʿȫյĻμϣԷղİף̶߳ȵľ
Ȼ, һһ죬һһ죬Ȼû׽һĻˡ
˵̬ȶõ, ղſߵĶ̶̾, Щ˲ЩֻǸսʿֺõЦ͵Եĺȵ, ߵŵǼǵ, ʮִ󷽵Ҫݹȥһ֪װ˶ޱҵƤû˵һ, ΪҲһ㲻, Цݱ䶼һ¡
ʲôʱղô
ûУ
Щżֵļµ˽, ҹýղ
ղǵʵҲֻΪ˳һ˿Ķ, ǹɵ⾢ˣǶԴ̬ȵʵºö֮ᵹŴһƬ
ҪΪڣ˭Ը⾭ܵղ
ǰղ˲ͳúÿһΪȥֺǰ
Ϊ̷ղ䣬Ҳ
һЩúײղˡڡ˷߷߲ƽ
·⻰˲ͣ½Ų
ҾղͦѺðΪʲôҪǣ
˭ˣ
ղ˲úÿǳ飬ɱ˵
飿˭ں˵Ϳǡ
ǿ϶Ϊ㳤̫ˣ
㳤úÿбһȥſڿ˭˵˾͸ޱҡ˵ޱңʵϺսǸҪǰ˺ݺһ١˭۴˶ޱҶأܶһһ㡣
һȺڳղſȥýˣǡÿһȺԹŶӡ
ЩôȫõģǸģҪſڵЩղ˳Ц
Ųأŵơ
ȺõǼ˹ľϲΪԺҪղҪֻм˵Ļ˹ֱ˸Ūþסˡһٶ˰ǰ컹ŶһǼǸ졣
˹͸Ǽǵ˴˸кȻطȲȥˡ
ҪЩ˽ǰһ׿ڸϲ
ſڣµǱеִ٣ղᵽƤ󣬾ִ׵ֻʣľˡ
ʲôأ
ľսܿ˳ȵ·ҪճɻҵĿ⣬ӿӰͰͻش˵ղ˻ֱӰѺÿǵİ£ǧǧҪԣǸҪ̵Ĵ˰
ˣʲôҪղԶס𣿡
ʮꡭơƶҪҪӡ
СĻش˵⣬ȶԷ꣬˿Ҫղﱼ
һ¡˺Ȼס
һ⣬ת⡢ⲻĿ˰ɣ
ͳһʵشֲڵ鲼ȹݹȥ봩
ؽӹһ㶼봩л˼˵·
·ɿָܽʾСȥ˺û棬ֲķ䱻ľֳʮСӡ
Ҫϴ𣿡ˣһƤɨһ£;ֱһСˮȥˡ
ڷˮһءӴöװˣҲ֪ôˮҪʲô
ţȥϴ˴ߴٵ
ŶŶѹڴŷӦ
ϴ衣
ˮսʿרŸųˮϴ衣
ǿǿľսʿô͸ϴˮĻˣѵмսʿղܶ𣿶ൽҪһ㶼䲻ǵλĻˣáÿ¡ܷһˮмսʿԾܾúܾˡ
ﶼԼˮֲе᲻õϴ꣬վ˼ˮɲԴȥ
ϴˣʡ
ͷ鸴ӵ˵ˡ
Ǻðɡƺеźܿ죬һֻϴһʮޱң㳬涨ϴʱ䣬Ҫһٸޱҡ

ʱеǼ˽ˡԼͬ飬æ߹ȥҪѼ䣬ȴƳԷһ鲼ȹſǸղԸ鲼ȹһģһ
ǸҲ鲼ȹˣ۾ʡԼҪͬʱ׷һˣղ̫Ҫ˰ɣ
ͬһΪΪȴԷյصģҪޱҵġ
һ±ƣޱң
԰ͬ˿ϣ鲼ȹҪٸޱءҲҪȴ˵ҾôᱻɻҲ˸ϳȥܻܲޱٵģޱٵġͬ̾ղĶҪôޱǲղȥ𣿡Ȼ˱֤˺ܶ࣬ǵİ
ҲǣҪϴҪޱҵĻˡ
ͬ黹лû˵꣺ˣǸղҸ㣬ǵð鲼ȹٸޱҸ
롢ز䡣
˵û˵ͿȥϴɡЦص
ͬæԷָȥ
תһλþոϴġϴһˮҪ˵ʲôתһ룬ԼˮͲޱˣ
һ룬Աһֱû˵İСվߵߣָγһڵҺ塣Һλɢһˮգۼ͸ĸɾˮ
áеֻôһϴˮղսʿôõģ
ɴͬڼ½½Լ˽ղ䶫ôԺôȥ
ʮޱҡʹþˮȫҪʮޱҡ
ӲЦЦƳЩʶˣԷһƽϴһ
šǲ̫ˡ
ˮһûһĸˮ졣
¸ҹҪ˰
ǰ¸ǽʲô
ɾޱ̫¸ȥذɡ
أˣ
Ȼ
̫ˣһҪȥúýأЩҰ޵ķζøɸɾһܴ󷽣֪ܳԵʲôóԵʳ
ﲻһֺĻǿڽغ㻨֭ġ
ſˮЦһɵ

ϴ軻·˸·˳̷ȥ˱¿ڸιۣСһȥ
һ·߹ˣ㱻ֽƬЩƮڿðûʳ̿ˮֳЦо޴Ļиھ׽͹顣Եú㰡ǸôȥˮĻԶģ
Դǣûмȴ벻ͨôֵĶ˷Ρ
ղ̷ݰۿһȻô˵󲻵
˷棬һ߿Ⱥһʳûע⵽ȺżĽ
ˡ·˼ţõӦƿš
ȥɡ˶üŪۣЦ˵˺úøɰԺǿԻ
ûͬͬŽ˷䡣һ̧ۣ΢Цӡ
ɡȻ˹˵һӸ˲࣬ȴ˻ҪɰͰ͵߹Ƕ
ãվžͺáɿؿһۣÿ桢ÿ
ţü˹䣬ԼѸŸԷйصϢ
ĳֶûеС졣˵С䣬С׼ȷΪǲֻһ壬ȫǷ󡣷θƣǰɡֲΪĳ˳ɣΪǵٶȼ졣۴ƶúܽС̫Уս̫ǿСȻø࣬ȴȫûķֳ෴ͦѵġ
岶ԣӹþͺܼѣΪ˱ⱻ۸ͨںεĵطټˣҰ޶ټҲҿأȻҪСֲʢĵطͬϲصҰҲ٣ֻƶһġ
ƺ̫Умǰȴκһ嶼ҪסôĶ䵽ȻȻͻмѣȻѣ˸߼ѼԺŻѣȴȻҪȱ׵öࡣ
ҿһ𣿡ʵ
ͷʹȻԭسſڡ
͡ЦЦ
ߵԭȵλãһƶС㡣ſڣƶλͬиС㡣
ƶƶԭλú͵λûһС㡣˼ͷֻҪվСô󡪡쿪˫۱˸Լһ׵ĳȣΧڣһƶԭȵλá
Щ˹˵ˣ˴룬ſڵλóһʼλáٵ룬ƶſڵλá
׶˵ôȲԳԣ²˺üΣüЦ˿
ǴڵϵС͸һȴ󷽱ˣһ㡣
סĵطѾźˣȺúϢһʱ䡣õص
֣ãǿ¡ղĶ̫ˣһٶҪʱϢ
ε˹ûӶЩô𣿡
˵ˡ˹޹ػ˵ޱҡ
ⶼЦؿ
˹һĬĬ˹˵ǾԼҪޱңûʸӶ˶ޱҡ׬ޱңЩҲġ
֪˹жߵϸؽָһһ˵
ĿɿڴȻֺ£ԸסޱңҪĽֻһԼֱʱı֤Ҫá
뿪ŵϵСо˰졣
Ĵڿռһ࣬ʹʱܲһռ䲨ƶоڣʹռ䲨СҲ׸֪طشͣ¹ÿδͻĵС
Ӧһٴҡ
ܶˣΪ峤ǰͳΪмսʿǿġУﵽһٴҵһķ˱Ҫöࡣ
ѷڱĲղ֮䣬˴ڣղ佻ӷ㡣ѸٵִԲ䣬ʡʱ䣬ˣ׬ޱҾ͸ࡣ
͵ڱĲҪúüƻȰȫǵһ⣬Ҫ趨ÿοԴ͵͵ԱҲҪսʿ⴫͵㲻ܰװãܼ򵥣ҪôޱҪôԼҪĶ
˵д;ƵģĻⲻҪúöഫ͵㡣ڲڵĴ͵սʿȫЩ벿ϽλҲǿսʿţԶΣյĵطô죿ԶĲ֪Ҫöٸ͵ŹսʿܲȫڿŴ͵ϰɣ
У˵͵ʹôǰǲϵãȻСڵǻɢġôɢҲҪ⡣
˹һѣǴֲܶûõϵģ
һһõġ
һֲãǴģҿռֲġ˶Ա˴˵֪ܶȼ˹ʾͽ͵ҵĿռһֽйܲݵֲĲҺӴԱԼɢֱȡһҲﶪĲҶݸ˹
Ҷϸϸһߣɿݵúܣ͸ݰܵӲƵģ˹úܻɡ
ã
ܡ
˹뵽ʲôʣô˵ֲҶҵııϣǲǾڻˣ
ҡҡͷܳԣᶾġ
˹ʧءŶ¡
˱ɢֲ뵽ֲ͵㡣ЩֲʳãֻǿĹ߷͵ٺòһͲսʿˡֲԼľӡǣֲܵܺܿ췢֡
Դٵôô͵㡣䴫͵Ժ˵Ȱ̷ݺķֹݼĴ͵ŪáҪרŸһΣմ͵ʳΣ˴͵㲻ĸ뿪̷ݷֹݶУԼεȥ
ˣ͵ܴˣ֪ܴܲƷ
뵽һӷСķΧڣȥӡˢòһλá
ˣ
ĵ¼˹֡ȻƷܴͣԺֱӰõʳװô;ͺãҪרȥ͡
죬һһԼÿ˵ƶ룬ʶƻʵʩǰиǰǾô߷˵
󲿷ַƶֻһٶףĲ仹˵ԶһҪŪٸ͵Ź

սʿķղĵһ񣬾ǿ񱩵ѵѵѵǷѵÿѵ嶼Ҫﵽܳܵޣù⣬ҪŵҲȥһʳ
Ϊ˾Ŀ꣬еʳȫġҸҪǰǳԲһٱԲ¡ؼԼԼԣϾѵһʳﵽſɾͺˣٳһ㶼ʹңÿο˶Ľʵˬˡ
Ҳôʱ


121 
һʱ, ǿ׳һЩ, ˲֪Ȧ߳ȥ˶Ľˡ
ǿְ, ǳԶʳֵ, ߵҫ
ݵ˿ۺ, Щµ˸Ǽʵֱðˮ, ޲ðѷȫŪ棡
NɪNɪ, ˵ǺܵС, ҫû˱ʱʱͶڷɪɪÿ춼ҪﰵԲ֪ɱ˵ߣٶˢˢСٶȼֱҪ졣ȵʱ򣬷˼Ҫȫˡ

Ϊȷ弴ʧĵ, ɴ˴ʵȫ̷ݵˣȫμӡʲôĲҪϾʵ˵õôĻ, ˭Լֵأ
졪
ʵҰ޳Ե̫ó̫, ˲òԵʱˡ⣬ľϵ߽ʱ, ռֽһ, ֲٶȷ˺ö౶ߵȼֲҪһЩǵȼ͵ֲ͸²Ƶ, һþͻ᳤һ, ٲһ, ûÿռĵؾҪռˡ
Ӷ˲֪󷽵ԭ, Ȼ֪ҲֻΪ󷽡Ұ޶˿ȥЩֻеʳı˵ˣմ˾ͻֱ⡣մֵµսʿҪడڶкöڷôء
Ӷǰδеĸˣ𵱳Ҫˡ˵ʵȫҪóʱ䣬óԵʳﰡȽǵʵߵһʲô˵ĳ̶ȣ
ȫûʽʼµǾͷ׷׿ʼ˶ӡ
ʮҹԶһҪѶӾŬؿճȻʳ
ӶǳˣЩڲսʿͲôˡ
ޣࡢؼް
˵ȥۿ̷ݵЩ쵰˳ԶˣЩ쵰ضӣͺֱӰǵĶȫͿաǵĶʧһɶҲܳκζ
ղսʿڲ£ô͹ݹӶרʢʳ˶أ
Ȼôһ˱Ƚϵ˼ȫλȽϵ˼ղսʿԽԽֱӲˡ
˸ȻȥǾͲţƾЩԼѵʵȲ·Щûˣ
ǣǵ˼ĸˡԼսʿ˼ĿĲԭߵؼҪӿеȥ
Ưڿ۲սʿǵ飬ŶԷע͵ǵ˽Ȼ󡪡ëȫ
ղ죡һĴ죡ѵȴһʳǿ𣿣
˵ʲôΪʳÿҹȥ̷ݵж٣ȥŶҪȶãòֵԼжԵ˵ȥԶˣ˵ЩӶġǴڷɻǿÿҹԵʳȻݹӶ͹ˣȱԼսʿȥӶһǱֵԶԶԵʳȱףʱʱؾҪ԰ĺôܵõĵϿЩʳȻصݣҲܷſ˳һ٣ʱ򲻻ǵһŶޱң
⡢ЩԡҲܡ
ҧгݵ롣
ҲصԶȥ̷ݷſһ٣ֻҪԼһζ鰡ЩʳԼ͸ԶŪˣʲôȫʵ£ҲȥԷ
ԣֻҪܽΪûʲôޱҽ˵¡ޱҲУǾ͸ʯٸǸʯӡʯǾ͸ʳġʳܻҪɣȫҲû£еĶЩȼ̫ߵģʳɺóԵʳٻޱԼսʿԲ͵ˣ
ô붼ûʧ
ҪģԼÿ춼ҪڿзϼȦֻҪԼӽģܿúԼθǹѵĸǲԼôսʿģ
ߣһȺ̰ı
ХһȻΣ˫ȳһסսʿǱһӴһ·ȹȥ̷ͣϿգͷȥһƬᡣ
˿ţ˳ˡ
ô£˹ϣſգιë
֣˹ŭ˲䱻ɢ
մˣʲô𣿡
侲ĿԼɵĲҿ׼漴ﲻԼסĵطοû·ӣͳ⡢岻ʲô˶ġ
ռڰԴ΢΢ʵ˵ҪŪʲôʵȫ
֪ˣ΢΢ȵ˵ûֻհѲ˴ʲôϵ
ֱʣֻӶսʿŪ𣿲֪ҵսʿܲܲμӣ
붼ûؾЦ˵ûⰡֻҪԸ⡣ղǿҲ뿴ģȻû˵ȷʵﵱԼļҡοͦȡ
ã֪ˡȳõصȥһǡҲռıˣʲôҪľ˵
ϵЦЦǾллˡȻԥҪ˿տвԼžҺζ֦ӡ
ֻһãǰġΪرÿվ㹻Լò͸ˡϧʵ֣ĿǰҲֻܽڰ״̬
У͸ˣֲҪҡ
ǵڶ˵˵ģջŪúܴûɻԼסϢԸشˡ
մˣлȡĻᣡ
մˣǻŬԼʵõΪ¡
մˣҪڣȻ뿪㣬ȥ̷¡һغ
ҲǡմҴˣԭҡֻҪһţҪ㣡
ԶԿմģ
ǻڿУŹڵ϶Լĵսʿëٴ
⡣

̷ݵ˲ö˵øʲô͸ʲôʵĺ˭Ը˭ɵӡµսʿǸǷϧĻᣬֻ̫ˣƽҪʲôȫҵִսʿ»ֺСӣÿ֧鰴ﱨ
ȫʵĿе
ѵ£˹۳ѵ̺ȫٹܡֻóԵʳ޶ȵļսʿǵޡ
һ΢΢սʿǾȫϿʼƲܲһȦ
ղ൱ҪһȦսʿҪ°ĭܲĵطֻղ򻮷ֳһյأķݲ̫Զ
ܲ꣬רȥʳǣһȺֵġˣǻеһʹ᲻أܷΧͼ˹õѵʽи񶷼֮޸һ飬ǲˣսҲⲻ˴Ұ޵ķ˹ʵսд˲¼ٴβоԭʺ˵սɡ
ͷŵεʳרǴ̼Ǳܵġѵ⡢ͬʱ̶ȵǻǿԼѵΪƽ
һֱϣһЧḻսʿǾܻؼϢˡ
ֻй̶ͣڼֺȵСԵģսʿǲüලѵһһҪ
Ŷʮͽķǰѵ
ӱٱؾݵӣ㰾ͷ
һܾˡ
ءȻʳܺóԣȻһųԣ̫ˣ
Ϊ峤ղһԱʲô˵˵һ䰲ο˵Ļ෴е
ǿսʿǱѵģɱԼ˿öˡʱ˿˭һأ
ڡһжֵá
ſտԶգ˴ǡ
Ϣ˼죬ϸ˾̤ô͵·̡ѵҲûıǵСıʣ˾һȫȴУһֿҪж̽ԭأקߡ
ദ֪ǱԵ˷ֿСӡҪô͵ķһˣϸ𱣻ǰȫսʿһˡ
ѵڼ䣬ȥѡõĵһ²˷ӣΪ̷ݷֹʹáĿǰӻѾǺãȷŪô͵ȥҪεȵȸ÷ŵһʰá
ṩٻֲָѵ׽ʱҲøŰѶµĴ͵ȫɡ
ˡ΢Цſ̻ʸշزķˣʮִ󷽵˵ȥϢɡҪĻһǣʱɰš
֪һЩƻͷ˼ؿܸܲҪһذ
Цʣ԰ܸҪʲô𣿡
û뵽ô׾ʹӦ˷ܵ˵һֵԵĶ֪ģֻ⣬ԵĻֻܴ׬ޱҡ
ûԼĹǮ١˵СرʡԴղ䣬ʾ֮󣬳һʳǾͺȥʳԶޱ˾ͳԸ⣬̵סþżѲԼʱСƼǲޱҡ
ԼǵԱһһСĵƤޱҹһһ㣬ƵĲؽںõĶ
ʵǵޱҲһµĳԳԺȺȣܴ²ɷôڼ󣬽ڼֲǴǿľͺá
˵ֵأ뵽һ㡪
ǻҰˣ
ᰡ˵ǰǶԼֺ֡˾ͲþȥҰˣܰȫ
ɣҲǵˣǰҰЩòã
ҰޣȴһֱûֲˣڿռҪǷĻ֭࣬Щռ㹻ûиࡣҵ˶ĵģԼ˵ʳǴľˡڲһʳŪԼÿ춼Ҫṩʳģǹӳ˻ɡйӦ߲˵ĵأֻܴ÷ˡ
ԼӶģǡֲ飬ԾǰԼֲ˺ˡ˳㻹ܰԼ̱̽ôֲˡһʼǵͼսʿֻԵҰޣ׬ޱҺ٣ҪӶŲܾ
ԼĴŵвӣܳԵģζǰ֣ȳһָһЩģԹǳԡֵúãֵֻࡣ
֪徿ֵôֻȿҪֵúþֵĲȫӦˣŽֵͼֲ
úô͵ķˣָþתͶ뵽˿صȳС
һ飬ҪѶأȻпյȴҴææ˹ŷһ𿪿ء
˵Ҫֲˣ֪᲻ӶˣӶĻҪʵʲôҪ󣿡
˵ֲ˵¶ǷܣӶ˵Ļܲԣҿɻֲˡ
ӲҰ˻ֲأ˵
ĿæǰΧˮйͨ಻ǶһǳͣԿۣҿ飬ԽԽ顱һ±δӽŷɿ쿪ˡ
ֵعӶ˵»ԶǺõ̷ݷֹݾҪȥˡ
һͨҲСд͵ڣʳﴫ͹ȥС
Ҫε룬Զȫ˹ԶӵҸӡϡŹûֲԼЩǿҰޡ̫ҰûҪʵǿҰ޲࣬еңƽԶӸǶڲľ͸𷹹ݰȫ
׼սʿȥŷֹݡʳ︺ޱҡʣµ½Ӷҵز˹Ӷ
ղܰȫӰȫʲôΣͼ˹̷ֲ֣ݵӵǾܰѶԷ˺顣
ԣڲԶӲѵеóݡ
һǿŷֹĺ£սʿǵʹһš
ȥȥ˾ʱԵʳ
һҪȥޱһˣôԵʳأɲľϲ
սʿŤһƬǳ˳飬ÿ֧Զ˳ԶЩȥԼǴǳܡˣʮ׵սʿֿ˴͵㡣
ڸʼûʳڿţǺȥ۾ѿ
̷̡ݣ
̷ݾȻǲ䣡
ղѵλ˲ղˣǲס
Ŷ̷ݵ\\\\ߡŷֹݡǽǸû\\\\ߡԶԶԣר֡
ֹʳղ̷һġ
ƭǡ֪Լղ˴ӰȵҹһܳԵЩʳǲȥղŶӾܳԵ
ǰǰղ˶ԡ˭˹սʿôһǿأֻ÷ֳǳˡ
ղսʿܻ𳵣Щһһ㶡˵컨׹ʳﲻǻǲȥԡĻ᲻óѹ룡ʳմ͹Сʱͳױ⡣
ȿšղսʿ˵꣬ϴ͵̷ݣӰˣʳﲻˣ
䣬͵Ӷ˳֡
죡һٷݺ⣡
ʲôһٷݣ
Щ̫죬ʳ̫ٸͲ
գգۣô죿ղʳҲˡΣֻʹ֡ӽˡ
ݹţ̱һޱ޶ԡ
ޱȷʵܶ࣬ۡȱޱҾˣޱҶൽˣΪʲôҪԼôࣿ
Ҫ
ûӳԵ̷ʳľϲлʳӦ
ô죿
Ӧʱ⣬ȴûⲻǳõİ취бҪҪѵһˣܿյó
ͷ̲̫ͿˡղԼ˹ȥˣ
ºڵ⣬ѯʹӺھͽˡ
һ𣿡һߴֲԲԣһ߷˵
ûӦʲô˼
ÿȷʵô࣬ҪΪ˲ٰЩУкö඼ûͨʸ񿼺ˣЩܷˣԾŬΪĻкܶడ
԰ôͰˡԴæӵл
ЦЦЩôԸԸǣ
ѾΪҿʳЩڳšĿŬʵҪһǾܹεʧܣܳΪĻ϶ǳϧѧõĲ档ЩΪ˳ΪǸıԼһЩʳ﷽ʽʲôģųĻСУԿʳŵζ£߰ٲˡԸָȴԸȡʳһϲͨǵʹѹֻеû˾ͲһˣֻҪȫͨʸ񿼺ˣЩ˾ͻĻ˳ӡ
˵ǽ̵һ㶼ѡ
˺ܶ࣬󲿷ִ롣ڵʵڸ䴳̵˲֪ж١˵Ϊ˽̵˿ǣ²ǣָһ˵Ұˣ˵׼һȥ
Ƚǰɡεӵͷ
ֲˣصлл㣬ղЩʧܵ˲֪жǱԼŪȥģǹΪѣϣܵ˶ƥϵԸӺܸмҲһЩʧˡУʵڹˣǳںġ
ô£Զ˵ȫȥֻĵšһ죬ӾͶظʮˡ
ǿҺòѡģʳȲҲԶˡ˵ǱĻӵȴϣЩ̫
ɨʮˣǿȽӽ׼ҪǾѵȫǶԡġ
ԣ°ɡЦ˵ӣһתʮ̫ˣԵĻϣٰҶһ
üʣҪ
˵ʮ
еΪѣʮ˲Ұ
ҪǾġæʲôУֻҪôټľͿԡ
Ǻҡ˵꼱Ҵˡ
˻ûȫҲͲŽʲôЩ˰źסĵط˵˵ˣʹȥ˸ǺõѵԼϰ
ûѵӸǺˣҪڵĶҲڷźˡѵûղսʿѵֳ֣ϿεĽҡʳĳʳĵķӡÿַȣ⻹ǰԺ߶
˽̳ڳˡص̵ĶȥμսʱڶԿʳ񣬲˵úҲֻʱںٵһʱ䣬ԭȻ̶ֳȺܲˡ
ڣ׼̷ݵʳȫ̸ɶˡʳͳʱܵ˦ƹ
ƩʱͺҪиӰˡľܴﵽƿ߼Ѳˣ˼˼뵽취ˣϧȱֲֲĵطĿռƬˣʱҵĵطҹˣΨһϣľ뿪ʱпǴС
ܾúϤץӷεغȥһûʱ䣬ֻ߲аղ¸źãܷȥ̽
ջ˼ߵѵſڣǽϹҵ鳤Ƥק
Ƥѵıǣûдѵ֣Ǹ󴮾Ϳ⡣󿴹˶ϳҲǵס
뷹ݲԶ̾ע⵽ľٶ
ʲô
ΪʲôǽϿ̿⣿
һЦʾҰ͵ѵΪˣΪԼʵʳˣԽȥѧϰһǣпյĻҲ̵ġ
˭𣿡ǲŵʣǲҪͺܶޱң
øޱңʲôøѧ˵ķֻһǾǳΪҪҸɻŶ
ɻǷ·˻ֻҪѧɹܱ˹Ӷôõ𣿡
ġ֣ص˵ͻȻȸߴң˶ܽѵͨĲС
һ˵ҪǵǷ׷ˡ
˿𣿡
ʵʵ˵ѡ⴦ѵרŸԼģҪܷŵ͡
ʱٸһķӣҲѵʱֻһʳķѣκѧʳ˶һԡǵģһԡҪͲûУЩ츳ɣȻŪʲôǺڰ߶ը˽սʿǻҪҪ
ЩȷӸǺ˵١
ƾ͸ˣ첻Ӿٴ˹ȡϴξ飬վǰǶʮˡ
Ͳ˵ˣղֱһѵտءþǵܺãЩϡٺģҪĺϸ׼ֻһߡ
û⣬ʱֽȣʹ˽ѵ


122 
̫ˣž
ҰݲҰˣžž
˵޵ⲻǴ޵ģžžž
η̫, žžžž
ķ, ʮһ߶ѧһ߱ٱ޳ŤŤȥ
ӴˣҸոտԵġһ˶ٱžžص
ˡžƨɳһ, غ
ΪҲŴġίᡣ
һ, ӳøˡ
һԿżʮ˸߸, е, æ, ±ĸСƵˡ
Ѿúܲˡ˵źû, ͱ˰ɣ
Ϊ𣿡ӵۺɸֵصôԽǣѧҲˣҲ̡㿴ǶЩʲôҰⶼϴܵãʳ̣أǴС𣿡
, ǶᣬֻǱ˵ӣĬĬ
û, Ҷ̽Ǿͼסˡεذοô죿֪ͲӦӵëԼԼˡ̶, ߻ħˡ
Ҳݵ㣬ǿƲסԼ˵ǰЩ, ʵϻһСԭȫڼʡЩôʱ, ȴֻܺƤʱʱʼ⡣̫ˣûղǰԼղһ, ôھͻЩ˶ˣ
̵֪ôϸ, һ㶼, ƴҪҲҪҲ̽Լ, ¸̷ݸɻ
̾
ȥУûѧᣬ˾Ҫһ̧ȥˡ
Ҫ̽ʵӴԸĻҲѧʳ
šӶ˶٣ţҪ𣿸һĽң
еļ֮һɵص˵ͷ
̫ˣʧ̬ؽһ£׷ʣѧܹܲӶң
Ӷ㣿һ£е㲻ס
ղʳΪԼӶһԱʳֻ꣬ӳ⣬ϾղһôŶҪЩӡȻʳǿʳ꣬ȴԼϰ塣
Լϰ岻ΪʲôҪԼӶԼɻ
е벻ͨӵԻ·
Ӽɻ󣬹ֱԶ͵Դ¿ʳ̻ҵʳ׬ޱұǰҪ˺ܶܶࡣֻЩޱҶЩ̵ʳ׬ģЩӺߺߵ˵ޱҶû˳ԡʵϣֹû˳ԣǰǶԣΪʲôΪЩÿζҪȳʳһԾͣȻعһͦŶ̱Ϸ·һ˲ҪƵġʱǲŻû϶
ӵʱǡʲôʱӴʳҪ˿Լȥˣǲԣأ
ǣӾ˸취
Լʳˣ̵ֻģͲŵȲһҪԼʳġ
ţûС
ӴܴһججһˣȻҸĳе᲻á밡룬밡룬ͻȻĳ󳹴򡪡
̵ʳûԼʳˣʾʵ
ô죿ǾߣŬʹߣһһóԵʳôѧʳǱˡҪѧҪѧ⡣ΪޱûޱҶ࣬벻ʲôûеģλпѹֲ˼룬ܸľԼˡ
ӶҰɣ
ģ붼ûʹӦǰһɲǿˮֵģղʳﶼóԣǷḻǳһٲֵ츳;󲿷ֵβѡݵĴҪǸӷһɸҪߡ
ڣԲסˡ
ǸܰҲѵûԼĴ㣬ʱǾ̫ˡ
ҺҺá˿ٱ޿ʼѧϰġ
ӱӵûŲȴڰ첻
ôˣʣòǺȻ˰ɣ
üͷѧʳһһǿС
Ŷ͵Ƿ׷׵һ
ȻҪѧ˻ʳӴǲ̫̰ˣɵ˲ŻӦ
ȫû⣺԰ֻҪѧÿ죬ѧûᡣ
һһ͵ؽסˡ
ͬˣ
ǲɵͲӴȫѧвĵλ
ҲʵΪ̫󷽣ȻС˼ͿƲסػԾˡҲô˵֪˻᲻𡪡
顪һٿŵˡ
ӴôˣǾ˲Ƕͬôſˣ
ֻ̫ϸһϵ;ˤſ˵ϡ
˻
ۡ
ӿҪˣ̫ˣԾɼǿ¶˸ˡ
ǽɡ
СӰؾܾѧжԺҪ㣬Ҫ㵱ɸĸֱȥ

˼ѪѾԼҪ࣬˳˵Ͷ뵽˶ʳȰС
׿ֵֹĻȷʵȽҪסо飬͵סӣԴʳ̬ϽУ̫ˣŪԿۡŸΣӻһСȥ̷ȥж٣ǶһѣĨƽǶһ̯Գˣŵλ롣໹ʲô״೤񣬷ݸռ١ҰҶʲô״һƬм顭
̶ֳȣȻһӵĿˡ
ˣԼǻ˵ӵ澫񡭡
ȵȫѧ᷹ʳʱ͹˿¡
ԤƵʱ䳤̫࣬Ҷʳζֻһ㣬ܵ˵ֵˡ
׼˼²Ҫ̵ƻӺһʦ̾Ͱѷ˦γʦһְѵڣҲʱȫȥܡ
æݡ
Щʳζ챻ζֻ֣ǲ̫СҲû̫⣬ֱӾԺ
ŵ£תҪȴ˲ˡ
þû⣬ʹż˹ĵ뿪ˡ
ߵ·ͻȻͣ½ŲԥصҪǴŵһ߰ɣȥҲ֪Ҫ೤ʱ䣬һ̫ãô죿
ߡ˹˵˵ֻҪֻסһ˵˰Ը뿪
ģɵؿ
ģ˹ڮټС̣˵Ҫֻ£ǲڣסӼȥ
Ŷ󰡡
˹ߣ˰ֻ̻Ψһʱֻҡ
߰ɣ絽
С̼໴޵ļСһ˺ü磬ӻԼˣҰְȴְԼˣĵٴο޳̡


123 
ȿĵһ̷ݷֹ, ˰ѵַѡڸղ佻õһЩǼ, Ķѡһǲ䡣
ܶǲ仹ڹʱ̷Ѿһǲ
ι, Ҫȥ𣿡ĳǲ˺סǰͬʵ
ͬҡҡͷ, ԥ˼, սʤ̰ԡ
ʲôȥ
ҡҡͬһҧ, ̹׵׼ȥ첿䡣
첿䣿ֹ⼸, ðŴӼĳ﷭, 첿䲻һǲûºúõȥǸʲôҼǵһǲһǲҪҵöɣҲͱȻҲһ㣬ϾŸոճΪһǲû೤ʱ䡭ô벻ȥأȥǲǲ䲻𣿾Ҫȥһǲ䣬һһǲȥ𣿰ôˣ㡪
ͬʵܹĆ, ÿμᱻ߶߶Կۣע⣬ֱȿ
ֻʣһڵͬ鱳Ӱ, תת, ȻЦˡ
ŲԼƻͬȥ첿ûʲôĿģ
˷ɿ׷ȥûô, ԶԶڶԷ, ĸ·ԼͬǴ²ֻ߲ͷ񱼣;ȲϢҲԵȵ, ﲻ𾪵룺ͬòǷ˰ɣ
˸ͬһ·ɽԽ, ڵִ첿䡣
ͷΪĺ, ˴ͷΣţ̧Ƥһͬ, Է괭ñҪƽˡֻǣƽͬѾٶ֮죬̲סԼǲǳ˻þ
ô죿ֻһȻǼˡ
ͬǰ֣ܵں׷šܰ׷׷ͬ·ͣһʳǰ
ͷȥף̷ݰԭԼĺ첿Ϊ˳̷ݵʳﰡƺеˡ
ޣŹְ
ǲ̷ݣʳԼͿ԰ΪʲôҪôԶ첿䣿ѵΪ̷ݱǲ̷ʳóԣ԰Щղ˵ÿ̷ݵʳﶼġ
ԵΪʲô
˸ͬ͵Ŷӣһžͷ˲ԡ
ǲҲ̷ʳΪʲô첿ŶӳԵôٰǲҪʮ䰡ô첿͹ûˣִֿȥҲʮˡ
첿˿ǱôóԵʳȻû˳ԣ
˸ô꣬Ȼоһȵĺ󱳣Ťͷһԭи÷ߺ޵Ŀⶢ
ԼʶɣѵǶԷԶǲĽˣ
մմϲţϿƲס¶һ¶˲䶢˸ˡڶΧȫڿһģһʸӵС
ɻüЩ˲Զʲô˺ε
Щǲᣬǲ̷ȴҪܵ첿
ǲûǲޱҶȥ׬ܹޱҾ̷ݴһ٣˭ЩǲĽƻڰޱұǶˣÿβܹޱҾȥ̷ݰǲ˵ʳȫˡ
ˣҪ˵˾ӦֱӹŲЩ˽
ͬ˰ԭ
첿̷ݳû೤ʱͰȫƲ׹ˡΪǲɻҲΪһǲģǰҶﻻǵĻ࣬Ǯĺٺ١̷ݵʳ۸ղһûһ٣첿˺ܿɬԲˡ
ܲʳջƴԣﻻޱȻ̷Ϲǰȥһ٣̷ݵʳﶼġ
Ȼ첿ĻкܶˣԶǲ˷ֵ󡪡̷˽٣ȴൽ˼顣飬ԭ򣬽żˡ
찡̷˶
찡ǶôŶӾܳԵ̷ݵʳԶپͳԶ٣ø˷ȥ̫ˡ
л첿˵ƶ
ǣǲ˺飬ϲһʮʮ٣ĶǲѸռ̷ݡ첿ζϰ߾ôûˡ
첿ޣЩǲˣϧ򲻹
첿ڶǲ˿֮ʱĳЩԹӱȽϻĶְ˱һǲϣرЩôеģ߸մӻҲһǲصע
һǲ˾ô
ͬʱЩһǲԼٶȷչ
Щû̷ݽפһǲѸٱ˲ࡣһһ߰˼⣬һǲ䣬ǰһɢôͻȻԷԼԿʼ˼ٱأɳһ鿴ԭΪ̷ݡ
̫̫̫ˣ
ͬһǲ䣬̷ƾʲôǲ䣿ԲУǲҲҪ̷ݲſԣ
һһǲҴҳղȥ
;Уһ󲨼ææӿղĶǲ졣
ȵִ˱ڣ˲ڣǻô˱ˮϻбҵ
ʵ֤ûֻиңعʱ䲻
뿪ǰԤϵֻиҪȥޱԶ׬꣬ܲˣЩֻܵ˵
һ棬ͼ׼ʱֵ˰ˡ
˹ˣˣô򣿡˰˺ʵ
¡׼˵ֱת⣬б£ʨô
˰ʶȤûʣػشʨǿ˶峤λãЩ˶֧ǵˣһţûԭôܣԸ⣬׾ܻȥ

ü˼ǲû˻ȥ𣿡
ǵġ˰˵ͷ˵峤˵øˣԵʳԽԽ٣˯ʱҲԽԽ̣ÿҹҪúܶսʿסķ棬Χ˺üȦʱʱؾҪ£˰˶˶٣СƳ˼˹һۣ˵Ǽ˹峤Ҫɱ
˹õغӵɱҪ𣿡
Ȼá˰ĵЦ峤ûо粿䣬嶼˭ţʵȷʵңĵĸ߼սʿƺô峤Ҿǡ˰˽üͷƺɱ峤Լ峤
ЦЦûи˰Щ߼սʿѾԼƵ£Ҳû֪͡Ŀǰʨ峤߼սʿҲ˺ü˹ԭһûˣʨԷŵһԲܡôֻʣˡ
ҪôԼ뿪ڼأ
۾գգ΢΢
ƺ뵽һ⡣


124 
һɵѪζ, սʿڵ, ͷð亹ڴæתļ˾
ϻԵݹᾣƤҰ͸һ˿, ؿϵѪʺĿ
˾, 峤ôˣʲôʱϵ΢Щձ, ϴŵʵ
˾ת, ƽ˵峤Ʊø, Ҫκúѡֻǵ峤ѹĻ, ⵹ǱȽϼ򵥡
˵ͷǾͰм˾ˡ
òļ˾ޡš£ŲڵϵļˣڷԸȳȥȰɡ
û, ԥԥص˾ˣ峤Ҫһֱߡ
˾䵭ؿǣǿԵ뿪ٻ峤
ǡ
ûпǣϳȥ˾һֱӴ˵Ļ, 鲻, ȴ˼֣ļ˾峤ε, ǲԸȥǺ˺峤𣿡
æŵҡͷ
Ǿͳȥ˾ޱص뺦峤, ǾҲûá
⵹ǡ˻һۣп಻
, Ǿȳȥɡ˿, ̾ϢҪ峤ѹ
⡭Ե峤, ȻվԹԳȥˡһ峤ô, ˾ǰˣǲҪ˳׵ȽϺðɣ
һߣ˾ϵĵʧһɶˣһ˿ߺޣ˵ʲô˵ᱳ˼˹ˣ˼˹ˣ㲻Ҿˣ㾹Ȼżᵱ峤
̾˿˵Ǽ˹õѣһ𳤴ɲǿԶӣ˹ܳΪ峤ԼҲ˲æĺ˼˹ֻΪ峤λӣΪʲôҪＧ˹Ϊ峤أ
˾ŭ𣺡Ϊ̫򲻹˹ˣ
˹ȻȼȳΪ߼սʿò˶೤ʱ׷ϼ˹ֻ뵱峤Ļȫ˹սǹϵôãͲҪɱ˹ȻԼжϣҰΪ峤бԭÿһиǿ˳Ϊ峤ԭ峤ͻᱻǺɱ˹ʱ˵ôأ˵峤ΪԸŹ˹𣿿϶ᣡֻмпü˹ţΪõͬ飬ΪʵΪ峤˵Ҫҵİ
˾֪˵еɾƽÿ峤λӵĽƼ˹²ûУġȻȴٳֱҪõͬ鱳ͱһǴСһ鳤ģ˼ʹΪ峤Ҳѵõ˵ΣᱻƲֻйսȥŻӮǵ𾴡
˾мص㲻ҲΪʱֻһмսʿûоѾҪǻڵң᲻ţ
£ŻŰɣ˵ЩѾ̫٣ʵǻļ˾һƽսʿǿôԸһС˵
˾ٶ˵˵ʲô˶ţʹӦúչ˼˹˵ļ˸Ūˡ
˾ӻͳһƿҩҺлһ˿⣬ס°ֱӴֱع˽ȥ
һˡ˾ŲҴҵ뿪ȻѾȷղľǼ˹ˣʲôҪ˷ʱ䣿ҪǺúõҪ˼һ£ôǺǡɡ
˾뿪ûãڴϵļ˹ӽӲתתֻ˺ͼսʿ
˾أ˵һ仰һѪĨ£ɺ̵۾ۡ
˾˳˼룬ѵ˾ʼպòǾ뿪ԵѰκ˵ҩݡ
㻺һ㣺Ҿ֪˾Ƕĵġ
뵽˾̬ȣ˲ɵҡҡͷû˵ʲôԼĿǰپܲһˡ
峤úϢµĻսʿҡԴӼᵹ£Ͷѹϣĺæ
ȵȡ˻ƵغסʣսʿǶ𣿡
˲ԣʲô
Ҳмսʿȫø߼սʿȥղѼ˹ӻ𣿡᲻ͷص
㶡ȷʵ˵⻰ɲЦ
ˣһѪѪĭһһûȥ
˳Ĭˡ
Ȼϣ˹صģɼսʿȥ㹻ˡи߼мսʿȥղӼ˹Ƿ˰ɣǿ󣬵ҲҪ˱սʿˣķ˭粿ô˭ȥţһʨûô죿
˵Լɣȴһ䣺һ߼սʿ򲻹ʨЩ߼սʿ˵ʨ峤ˣǲţԲǲ䡣
ԽԽöԡصƣвԼ˹ηޣŤ˼ģ÷񼫶ˣѹͲȥʲô
ȻЦʨˣЩǲûڲ͹ˡҿЩͼսʿҲȥɣȥսȫȥȥսʿԽ࣬Ū˹Խסص򲻹˹ֻҪ˹壬׾ͻλãڼ˹ǰɱղ䣡һССĶǲȻǰ峤ֲŸʲôȥսʿ˸ã
˱ģһȴû˵꣺ԣһ¾ˡļ˾ҲȥҩݣҩҺʦǶȥ취κҵˣβþͶȥһ
ἤ֮ٴһѪ
˿Ѫ죬ֱ֪˵ʲôźáοԷ˾ԼеҪĻü޴ͷС
ŻûȰ䣬ͨ죬ԽԼսʿȥѱĸ߼սʿȫ
սʿǹ˺ðŻ
һţսʿǾµˣ峤˲ˣЩǴˣ
ûˣ
ǵġ
Ϊʲô
սʿǺȻͰ
ŭˣ˵
սʿ㿴ңҿ㣬ɹԶսʿͣǶ뵱峤;˭Ӯ˭
ձۣӿѪݺݵصǴȥҽͷмսʿ
սʿλøˣսսȫ⣬Ӷҽ
ŷţսʿǸߺ峤ˣЩмսʿҲˡ˵Լŵĸ߼սʿ峤λӣǱȥְ֧ǵĴˣûû㡭
ӶΡΡָˣȥЩҵսʿȫɱˣ
ˣȫɱ岻ֻʣͼսʿˣ˵Ҳ򲻹ô˰
˰̾ôοҪе峤峤λûȤļ߼սʿôͻȻͶ뵱峤ˡһ㲻ã˵׼Ҫ峤˵ʨˡ
Ƴۼᡪ
ǸңעҪʨˡʨ廹̵ѣ˭أЩѹȺ˵Ĳ䣿Ϳס
磬˼һۣתȥ߼սʿˡ
顱һѪ磬˹ȥ

˰ʵʱת״
ҰĻĸ߼սʿ˵˺Ǿ뿪ˡ
ʱ˰ǻɲҶе㲻εģӲͷƤȥҸ߼սʿʱⲻľսûʸ߼սʿģ˰˸ɴʹЩ߼սʿǰȻһʹ˰ˣͱҺùؼʱ̸ߺǧһʱ̱סһ
Ҳˣ˰˿ߡ
ЦǸһС
˰ϲЦտЩ߼սʿԹԵĻ¡üװ;װͣô峤λӾȥЩǹ˿ģʱ˵峤Ѿ֪±ˡ峤һ˹˻ȥǺ׾峤λˣ
ԾĻ˰˶
ʵֻҵ鷳üֲȥղ䣬Ȼûͼ˹ղ䣬սʿҪղ˵ʲôغܹеΡ
߲ͺܺˡ
ʱס壬Ͷ뵽ڵѰСÿγֵλò̶ֻþһһ֪취ַܱʱ䣬ȻȴΨһİ취ϱй飬֪ǾãٶҪϼµȻֻ˲ȷڡ


125 
ѰסΧСĻ˵, Ϊڲ̫ԶҪΧܴ, ͱȽ鷳ˡΪҪþһȥ֪ΧԽȻҪ֪ĵطͶࡣȻ, ֪ǰҪþϸһ, СҪ֪ķΧ
ʵ㷶ΧС, ȵҪ֪ʱҪ˵׼һû֪ĵطڡõĻ, ̽ȥĿأ
͸֪λ, Լ൱ˡ
ҵ, ͸ÿôͨˡǿռߣⷽҲͱһϲͨǿһ㡣Ĵͨڵķһ֡ĥ
˹˵ϵȥĥֻҪܰѿռ׳ѿ󵽹˽ȥ׶ˡ
ϢڵĵطͨռҪһЩ
õϢٱҲҪô, ȥͨеѶȶڶûпռͼ˹˵ѡ
ϾٴҲǿռڰ
еһطͱָָĳλ, ˵ʼһ鶯֡
˹ͷ, ġ
ǿʼͷ
һɫӿ֣ССһɿǴ, գۼͱˮ״һ
һѸһɫĳ, һͷּ
͵º󷴹ѹֱȭͷһС, С, ȴΣˡ
֣ͺһ, һĿ˹ȥ
ײ, ȴûзԶھĳһʱײһεϡкȻһƣ·ˮ΢
˹еĳʹͶȥһ˺ݺ룬յĲٿ̣ƺһε죬еĵطѿһڵСķ϶
ѷʹ˵꣬ľϵܳŷ϶ӿȥβǴһ쳣ʵ
˹һһͶ
гһ𣬳˽һ϶ԽԽ
˱þҲҪռڸܵ׵ľһ߰ѷ϶꣬һѷ쿿
ȵȳֵѷȶ˿ЦŶԼ˹˵ڡšĥɡڵʵ˵Ҫþá
þã˹üɵ˵ôеһң
ע֪ţй
͵شһǿҵ˹Ӧͱ˽ȥʧյѷ˲£
ͼ˹ϡ
ѩ׵ƲڴֿĵطһǻҰǵĻһǰԿտĵ档ǿسϴͼ˹Ӹ߿м׹䡣
е㲻һ磬ֱͨ˹ڽ
ú¡˹ץһֻ֣һʹ§ڰкǿӲŤת壬Լϡ
Ҫҵ棿ЦЦһѹġ
˹ûоܣ޷˫ڽֻܰʹյߣһ磬һߺ첻ټػص̫Сѹҡĩ˳һü
ʧȥҵġ
Ϊʲô˹ˣҺǿ
ҡҡͷһ̾Խ档
ĬĬ׹¡
žˣóľϵܣǧϰٸ͵ƣܿ֯һźʵ̵
ͼ˹ϣ˵жھ޴ϣ档
Һ˹ɻţѵûȥĵط𣿡ܰͰ򶼲쿴ˡ
ȷʵϴ򡣡űǶǹϤĸζһĲ˼飬Ĵ
˹ͻȻ뵽ʲôȵ˵㲻˵ϴ뿪򿴵绹ʲôģǻ᲻棿
ҾǡеĲɵ˵ȵ˵
ΪЧʣ˷ͷжʮӺ󣬾Ϳеط
鶼ǳ㱡
ôأƵ롣
ܻ䣬ȻʮȷԼΪϱԼߵĵط
ûɹԼǲͨռʱ쳣»صԭ磬ϧǡ⴦Сɽȫȫǵڵģ涼оͷ޷Ŀռھ赲š
ſǳ˶ڵĿռ䡣
ջ˼̾Сɽ£Ȼô󣬵Ǹ߼ֲͦġҪõֲȫҵˡ
˹·ûð첻˵
ôˣ˴ļ򣬡ҵֲˣܽгˣⶼ𣿡
ǡ˹üͷŵ˵
ЦŵǰֻǺˣ㲻ǻһЩû𣿡СɽºΪһ壬˹ܿдռڽ
Ҷʧļ䡣˹ӵص³֣
һ
˹ȷصͷҵһֵΣֵĵطԭƬС֡˹һȦΧСûˣֻмøïʢֱһ߹ȥɵλñٳܴһӣ˸Ƥëݹǡ˹˵棬ÿγѲϲԵ͹ͷ
ﰡòų̧Ŀһգգضż˹ۿЩʪƿЦӲŵ˹
ôˣ˹ļ磬״Σҵŵ𣿻Щ׹ŵˣǲ̫Ѭܣ
û¡ӣȷˡ
һв붼⴦Сɽ±ȷˡ
˹ɴСɽ£ԼϱԼߵСɽ£˹߰
ٸнںûԼУ䲻ϴһʹ
˻±ҧƵĴĪؿ˹ôͻȻҧңǷʲô裿
˹ɫո˭ĸԣǴԣôˣôҵߣ
ǻϲҧûˡ
ղ̫Լû顱ĹϵѾһˡ
ǰ¡
ʵһֱΪԼĲ벻һĺܴǳԭĺû飬ϱӿ߰˵ⱲӺûǸˣǸϱӵļ˹ദøࡣһ߳˰£ô붼ؿڰ
뾲һƿ˹ǿ
˹
ԣ˵ʲôʱҾʲôʱ㡣˵궪¼˹Լתˡ
˹ƵشԭأֲҸȥʵû¶׺ݵ񡣲ֻ˼ߵĿѹ˺£۰Ͱ͵´ȥ
Ȼ󡭡ԶԶ䵽СɽĳˣģˮҲɽһ˵


126 
Զ, ͵˸ط¿ʼоֲĿܼ, ҪгѣɹԼͼ˹Ϊսʿ
оľϵ˫ϵ, ľͻƵ߼û೤ʱ, Ҫѻ֪Ҫȵʲôʱ, Ҫгѵǿڸ߼׶õľϵڼ˹, ͬ˫ϵ, ϵǱϵһʱ䶼ֻ಻١˵, ˹Ҫżһ㡣
ֻżҲû취ʼҪ
֮ǰղ䣬Ѿ˵о˳ѵİ취ϧȱֲ, ϵȫ롣
ֲ˲Ͼѣм仹Ҫһʱ䡣
ҩҺʦҲһҩҺ, ЧױȲʳ
ҩҺͨȡҩ֮, 򵥵˵ǲֻҩݺֲʳǽҩݻֲʳһɺóԵģ˵ǴҩЧʳϡĻ, ʳҪѵ㡣ʳǰҩݺֲŽʳ, ͬҪ˼ɵʳľеãǵ΢΢, ȴҲҪŽȥҩݻֲں, ֮ʧ֮ǧ, ΢һ㲻Եĵط, ˵ʳûãҵĻǾû
ÿһҪѶҪԲͬʳղѾʳĥòˣֻҪҵֲںϽȥС
ԽǺֲںϾԽѣΪǰҪ˼ɵֲʳ̫ˣԺֻҪͰһһԾͺá
˹Ҫķѵʱ࣬ʳ
˹ˡչ׵Ĺͷðݣʳųϯ
ΪϵܲܳѣΪ˱֤ɹѡ˶򵥵ͬʱʳĺֲҩںϡ
˹һ´꣬Ŀתõֲ档͵͵һ£ʣ㲻ǽҹһЧôûã
ͷû̧˵ٵһȡ
Ѿüһȡˡ˹ϱԹ°ȴ΢΢йһˣ˵ʲôһʳЧʵǿɣ֪ԼϵСɽһ˿϶ˣȻȫܵʳٽʲôһȡǡ㡱ɡ
˹ֵ򴽽ǣô̹׵İҲܶˡ
ˡϼ˹ĳ룬һеֵĹͷȡɾ׳һ֡
˹ЦЦͷһɶ
˻˹̵ͷܺúȡ
Ц˵ʲôо
ȵġ˹״ֻú֣̲סָӡ
ĶʣǺ𣿡
˹ҡҡͷһ㡣˵ͱԼƵһҡ
ȱ˵ˡæ
˹صͷĬĬ۾ʳ
ӺʼǹĸоܿϮȫرСλãгǧëɦһޣ˵Ҳûôܣ˵ȷȷʵʵĸо˹ͦûӾˡ
ƮƮɨһۣƨѸŲԶ
ӵһͷʼͳ֣εϰΪض¼˹һ𣬵ߵܵһڳĻǰܹһͷ
˹һ۾ܿûѵߡ
Ҫټֲķξܸ㶨ˣȻоӦϵʳһʳ˿ʮ죬ѻ֪öʱ䣬ӿٶˡڵһʳĳɹ˲پ飬ʱ̡
Ȼͷȥ˹һС֮⣬ûѵϡ
Ҳʧܿһͷ˹һ㲻ʣȹһĸоһ±һء
˹ϲҾܳˣ
˵רľѡ
˹¿ʼðڹһͨ죬Ǻ
ź˵۾һգգż˹
˹ԽðԽ࣬ҲԽԽ죬˰СʱȻƺһйƤϵİɢҲķɫ
ѹżʣɹˣ
˹顱һֺˡ
üû𣿡
˹̻ش𣺡ˣʧˡ
ԽԽ죬ðɣԭǰ׸һߺ˰
û¡ļ˹ļοһ϶ܳɹ
˹һ֪°Ĺͷˣǻ߷ΪӺȹһͷ󣬾͡͡ðѸٱ죬ҳüСʱɢ
Сĸ֪ȷ˹ڵԽԽ࣬˿
οɹˡ
һγɹľǺĳɹ˾飬һϵľѹͷֻһɹڶٳԾʳʱ򣬼˹ĵһγѻû
˵Ǵ˵ֻ֪߼ϻôһѽ׶Σھûгսʿ񶼻ûʨͳǲ壬˵սʿòǵĵһλ峤
ѻСһЩõĹͷţһߵż˹һγѽһޱ߼ʵԲǿһλ峤¡
սʿ
ʨģйĳսʿֵȷ˵ĻôѲ˳ĻӦǿӺܶ࣬ǲ֪ܻʲôʱ
ˣԴܻþͻðɣֲ޷ǻóһܶоһЩֲѡ
ʮȥԼѵĹͷҲˣ˹һεĳȻû
ٵȼ죬ۿ˹ûļȥˡڼ˹һͷñ䱣£Ȼͺ¸ԼĹͷʼѡ
Сɽ³ֻŵĶﶼûУҪలȫжలȫ
ʳǽ˶Ӿá
ֻȫůģ·ԡУ˻˯Ȼоûгãܿͽʹۣܵͺϵ⻯ǧ룬͸Ƥëײһ϶شڲ˳
һ΢΢˫ۣͿԼðϸѿ
۵̵ģһƼΪԼҪֲﾫ
Դϸ۵ѿʵеֲԼΪԼ۾òУæ±˫Ŀרͻơ
֪ʮȥϵѿԽԽ೤һ׶೤ʱЩͷ˿ϸϸѿͻȻʼͬʱСù
ĳѿ۵Сһһű̵תֻתЩºüȥСӻô󣬾ͺͻһ
û缧˹ðأۡ
ܷ²ĵľѹ̣ųѿתʹͬʱ뵽һ֮ľ磬Ǽ뵽һҵľ硣
ѵıϣߵһͻƻڡ
˹ͽһγѡǿÿһ䣬ǿȡй١ȫ˷츲صı仯
ǿǸ߼ѸȲ˵ǿ
˹й˷ܣھѣӲѹȥ
УɻӰ쵽
ԼϲãӰ쵽
˹ţһˡ
ǵӰ쵽˹أϵѿ
һ֣ڡ
˹Էŵչ汣µúܺõĹͷ
š
бϵ̫ˡ


127 
Ұ, ȳĿ, ѵʬĽֵԼ·һ䱣滹õС
ܶ, Ʒڵ, մѪֱȵ÷顣
顪
һ׳Ƭβͳǽ, ҡҡ׹ǽ˲Ҳ֧Ųס̮
˻~, ̨ͫϡ
Ҳԣ˻Ĳ, ͳһžӹȥ
һβͳ鿪ɵǰ, βڿݵع˸䣬سȥ
ϧϧ̾ĩ٣Сʳﶼѹεò, Ǻòײҵǵġһ֪ʳߡҡҡͷųβµ档
Ƶðͷڰշɿ鳤, һȦȦβ, ̶ڿвܶ
˻˰ȴԽԽ̲סŭһ, ſֱӳҧ˹
ͷѸٽӽ, һ¡
ȻЦЦǺҰзŴͷ˸ָ, βϵ͵һ, 󾹿ή
߸еβϵһ, ҧĴʶ˶, ž͸һͻȻεû룬Եڵ˹ȥ
Դקβ뿪С̡

ߴͷɥظȻ֪ιȥʲô£ȴòΪˡ
࣬ͻˣֶƭǱޣһ죬ҪĿƣһڿҧԵ

һβһ࣬۰Ͱһ߿һſЩʬеľʯ
ԵԲģѾΪЩʯͷɱ
߶ƵİԴתһ࣬۲Ϊ
ģһҪԵ࣬ȻԶʯͷͳԶʯͷ
㡣һžʯ䲻ݵߡ
һʯͷ
ͫɵ꣬ʶѾʯ̽˶ʯͷڳӯߵƳꡣ
ߣˣ𣿿Ժ󻹸Ҳҡ
ȻԺ󣬾̵ԽԽĸ߼ʯ

ϲԵľʯԵʵĲҪ𣿡꽫һСѾʯŵǰ
ѹûǶѾʯһؿŲԶһࡣ
һֱֻʳֻԼܳԣΪʲôҪʳָǼأ˵ʳ
ĲҪεʡ
ǼྪֵĿȥнץŵʳȫһ̹⡣
Цס¸˼ʳžת뿪

һֱһ飬ûмκΰȫأǽĴˡ
һһԽԽĬ߸ԼǿʵԹɢһա
˷ָܵǰһ꿪ʺɫֲԾ˵㸺סȥ͵һ塣
ߵͷȲֲ
ǸɹΣÿζϵá޷죬껹Ǿߣڳɹû˿ɡ
ֻȴ⡣
Ǹֲһӣ¡¡ľƬءҫ۵Ļ⣬ӿŨ̡
εѵ
ߵһʱ令ס꣬ԼȴըһϢҰУض󺰡̫ʹˣѪҺڷʧƤⱻ죬ʧȥʶǰЦţ⻹ͦŵģһʵ̫ϧˡ

˹һͷ亹ۣذز
ˡ
һܳܳΡ
ѵΪ֮ǰûΣضһȫ
˹е벻ͨ벻ͨͲˣֻҪ֪ԼеξͿˡ
еξ
Դ߼ѺͿʼΣ϶ʱӵʱظģΨһֻͬÿԴҪ۶۵۰졣
ʵξݣ˹Ǻ漸ÿﶼֵǸ˭
ԼԵɵľεһİˣ˵Ǹ˻ܴϤС
ʼ˹ǻ߼ѵ̫磬һЩͬ峤λӵǿ˵ע⡣Ϊ˸˾ֶʹ˾ǿĻþڻûȫİճΪ峤ǰ˾ʱ뿪塣
һΪʵΪһĽҡһǸĴأ
˹ȥ˴½ܶ໹ṳ̂ĵطԹǿҰޣҲǿҰ׷òòսеõܴĳɳͬʱʵԽߣԽδ֪Σա
˹֪Ѻжǿֻ߼սʿûʸ̤½
ȵʱˣ˹㹻İᵽ峤λӣ塣
ֻҪһص壬Ǽ˹ֵʱ
ļƻѾǰ֧ԼˣаСһ鳤ĺѼᡣ
صǸ죬ĺѼᰴԼԼõĵطϡ
ȵ棬˹˲ֹмᣬʨսʿ
ֹؼʱôʨսʿڣ
ֱԼ¸ʨսʿҪɱ˹˹żı
ĺѱԼˣ˹޷ܵǶԷȻ˵ж壡
˹ƴɱжֵսʿǼᾹȻɵв
̣˵в˹Ļ̡ͨ
ֻųûõǼ˹ĸµģΨһͬͬĸǿҰ޶ĸ硣̵ĸףΪҪԼ̱в˹ǰƭɱˡ
˹ԾʱʱػΣŶξݵ˽˹ԴԽԽʹʹѾʱƽҲżʱʱܲɵģ˹սͷʹˡټϼ󣬼˹š
սܾˣٺ˹Ͳ֪ˡ
ǻָм𣿡ĵʡ
û˹Цŵǰ֣϶һɳȡԭм䣬Ϊ߼սʿͲξʧȥĵһ棬Լз飬ȫˡ
š£˵Ǿͺá
˹ЦЦԥʣ㡭һ𣿡
ûСɴػش
˹еʧ
ŵȻûһΣ˵ҿ϶
˹ʣ˾㣿
Цŷʣ£
˹ҲЦ֪ʲôǺܿġ
ˣֻӲҵ̡Цˣ˹֣ǿ
֪˵˵̡
˹˼ʣܼ𣿡ϧ̣ȴ͸ɵ̡
ȻҪˣͰԼˡߵ¿ԣС߲ԲС
˹ָǺ£Էһϸһ¼˹ԺҵľȻ˳û˺֮ǣ˿ʼѺĸܡ˼ͨսȫǿͶʹãڵ뿪ʱ


128 
峤ַ𣿡ﴫž, սʿʶ˶
ͬԷڮ峤Ļûʲôԣѹ͵Ӧðɡ
սʿǳ˵峤˵ܲܺҲ֪Щܲҵκ峤ҩҺʦ
ҾҲͬü˵ļ˾ҩҺʦ, ﻹиģǰʨļ˾ҩҺʦ͵͵
ʨ壿˰ɡսʿмغ, ĸ˲֪ʨ峤ˣΪ峤λʨҳһƬ, ǵ峤ѡ֪ʲôΣ϶ûԭǿ, ѳɼ嶼֡
֪жԲ䲻ù, սʿǾͺܿˡֻǿĲ룬սʿֲԼͬ̾˿
Цʨ, Ҳòȥ
ǰ峤Լ, Ҫһ군Ȼõͼϵսʿȥղ, ֻеͼսʿһĲô죿
Ҳ֪˭峤ҪеϢ˳ȥ粿嶼͵͵塣ĸ߼սʿ, ЩͿʼˡʨ壬֪ж˽ҡ
սʿ˽ļݺ˹ȥžһɼƬڵϣ˲ʧ
ҿ֫Ƕȥ괭ŴѪ˿ɺ·Ҫۿ
߹ȥ, ޱ˵峤, ѵ𣿡
ʲôҧʡ
˳˵Ჿ嶼ʨ嶯, ʨԺ󶼲ǲͳ塣
ô޺޵ص, 㵱ɵЩ㶯Ҳʨ巢֣һС鷳ʨֻܽҪи߼սʿڣԶҪʨѹš
峤ǲʨĸ߼սʿ˺ü
ֻҪһŲ͹ˣ
ҡҡͷ˵ŵһҪбĸ߼սʿԸأ
ܣʨ壬嶼ûСںĻͻȻסŵʣ˼Щи߼սʿˣɤ
صͷ
æʣѵ˵粿ҲҲи߼սʿˣ
ĿؿɫƬ̵͵͡š¡
ס૵ܣôܣֻʨи߼ѵİ취Щôܣܣܣ
ۿҪ裬æ峤ŲţʵҸЩֻף岻ʨõȥǵ峤ˣ˵ͬء˵Ľսʿɳȥ³ԱʨҪҡ
ѹûȥȫĻֻ˵ԼʨǸ峤ãʱǲҿȥͰѼ˹һ峤ǲǣҾ˵ĸ߼սʿΪʲôҵĻ϶ⲻҵĶԲԣ
ε˵峤ˡ
ԣԣһģħǲȥղ䣬Ϊ㲻ȥңʲôʱ˹ϵϵģЩʲôǲĸ߼սʿ˹ˣм˾˵ʲôҩǲȥҼ˹ˣ߼˹Ҫղ䣿ԡˣҵˣǲҲǸùһֱòǲɵģңң
˲ԼҪҰŪ𣿡ʧؿҪԸ㣬ʱ֧㵱峤Ǹ𣿡
ſڴŭ𣺡Ϊɱ˹İ£
ӣʲôҲ˵ֱת뿪䡣
Ҫи߼սʿͼ˾ı£˹Բ˹ԹԵѹͺˣ߼սʿĻ˼˹İºֵܵ𣿸ʲôҪŪԼõսʿ峤Լ鷳
ŹǰһۣݵֻʣһѹͷļѪ˹ȥ
ˣһˡ
ᣬ峤ˡ
˱ȥ߼սʿ峤ѡȻһ뵽Ǽ˻ͷΪ˸ܵ峤ôңеԴˡ
˵ǰÿ峤λʱϺܾáμۿſҪУսʿΪ˵峤εȴһÿ߼սʿҪ峤ǰĳ߼սʿ֧һֵµмսʿҲƵıǻֿ
ȴֿšûŪֵһսʿ෴˻к濴Ū㣬ʵֶǲ̫ºһЩ
ҪǣỹǾȻͿʼˣǴûֹ¡
ܼ峤ж಻ãʱǶΪ峤ء
ȻҲܿǼ̫ˣϾôʧܵ峤Ҳͳôһ
ʵ˾ô࣬Ψһԭθ߼սʿǵ״̫֣û£ġȻûսʿ֧֣̫Ըʵǲ
ôأҪȥ˹
Ҫѹеĸ߼սʿ˼˹û
æŴ׼ȥղʱ˹ڸ·ϡ
һûã˰˾ͼʱϵղܵ˵ղһжڰ뿪ǰļƻչͼ˹ڵʱ䣬ΪޱҺʵջ󣬼ϢǼ䶼ҵղ䣬ҪԼĲҲ̷ݡĲ䶼ܵóԸÿ䶼ҪһžҪҪͬ⡣вٲ½½̷ݷֹݣĻȥ⡣
֪ݺղ䶼û£˹;ȴٷز䡣
˰˸һ·˲սʿ
ʨûղ䶯𣿡Ƶʡʨ屻Ū峤Ǹ峤֪˹ţսսֶζҪʧԼͼ˹ղôõĻᣬԷ˵ʲôӦ÷Źǡ
˰˱ͼ˹ѹѹסǿŵСֱؿڣӹػشʨæ峤λӣᲿ嶼Լͳǲ䡣˺ͼ˹˵ĸ߼սʿڣǸûԸղ䡣
߼սʿ۾һɹˣ
˰˳ݵѹż˵ɹˡ
뿪ǰڷݵԶкüָ߼ѵףֻ׶ѣҪþòѳɹʱͼ˹²زʱǳǶ̣׶Ǻ£ʱ̸ڼ򵥵ʳֻҪ׼ȷ裬ζʲôֶҪ󡪡רŸǼá
ʳЧô죬мһʲô¡
Ȼ˰˽˵߼ѵսʿǡø߼˲Ż
ôЦЦвȷʵܼһ˵Ǳ춼վһߡ
˰˺ٺЦ˵˵ǵ£ǳΪ߼սʿҾ͡͸ȥʨǱߡšԽԽСҸ㰲ŵġ
ò佱һ䡣
˰С˹
顣˹Ȼ
õ˵Ŀ佱˰ŵĽŷ
˵ʨ屾ڲ£˸߼սʿǾ͸ûҲԸղ䣬Դ˺⡣
أ˹üʡ
˰˲߼սʿƵ£һһʮ˵Լࡣ
ǵǻϷЦֹһ䡣
˹˺ߣ˵ȥղˣ
˰˸Ͻ˵ǵġ
˹תݻû˾ˡ
ðˡ
Ǵ¸·ʨñĳͱ꣬·ʨ帽ͼ˹ûͣ޹ʨ˸һᡣ
˹ʨ˲˳ۣʱųڳսʿǿѹһ·Ҫޱҵؿţûȵʨ˷׷ױſڵء
ʲôˣ
ÿֲŵ
ʨ˶ڶŵͣûüҹΪҪôſţ뵽溮һɳеůƺȻģʨ˺޲óԶ
κʱůȻ÷ѿڶ߽һһ֪ٸϸƵರſڵϵʨȫ
͵һգȥűסʨˣһ˵£ֻʣһŴͷ¶档
Ӹ߿շȥʨĿһſžֵĴͷ
ûż˹Ȥǲɱʨˣ᲻ص׽Ūһü˹ǿԵġ
˹ŭݵɢһգε䴽ǡ
ôѴ֪ϲϲĲˡ
ͼ˹塣
伾컹û䵽ǳŵĵزֻǦɫղ֪ʲôʱͻȻҺڻҺڵѹͷš
ôˣãͷĻ
ƬϯγһεΧסء
˱Ƥ̤ķΧͷ˿߳ĽŲѩ
ƬƬѩ׷£ȻѩƮķΧֻء
ڴѩ׷ɣֻɫΪ䲻һּٶȻָ״̬
˲аسȥ˼飬˻˻ϵļƤһͷˮô£ôֻظ治ͬѡѵҪ忪սһһγѸٸϻȥ
ϵ·һԵֿѹֱӰѹڵϡ
ҧŬվȻһѹٴкѹصһѹ˳һܶ
ѹ£ηɵϿյ߼սʿͼ˾ǴӿнӶ£¡¡ѵҳ޴
˼ѵذͷѪ˿ݼ们£ڿ˰еӰ
ӴˣڵƬɫƣʱʱȶķԼڲϸͫ
Աߣˡѩ׵ĳëβͣһ˫ë׵ĳ
ܸɵʹ뿪ǰΪ˶εʹøӵӦ֣ü˹ϰ顣ڵ״̬͸״̬һ
ȳɫĹâƾո֣ûصϸٱ֯Կз¡
ľأһ·ذաͷżʮˡ
˹һֹȥꡱ϶ɱ
ԶԶһĻͫЩסˣǸżսʿ
ʱѹڵϵĸ߼սʿǶϳͼ˹쳣ɴطſڵԴ²ؼؿϷ
˾Ǻʹ߸ϵʲôʱܹ裿
Ȱ˾ǻǱҶɲǡһ߼սʿֻ˵
ǲĸ߼սʿôΪʲôվԼ壿ϵǸĸͽ
߼սʿĬỊ̆Լˣô壿Щ˾˵ɡ
˾Ǽ߼սʿԾɲƿڴ
վΪʲôվǸ߼սʿƾʲôǸ֪˭ͽܰһȺѹöˣ
˿ҽеļ˾ǣѹĵ׵ľκ˲˵˷ˡǡǲǸ߼սʿǡ˼ɬ³֣սʿ
ʲôļ˾Ǳ˵ܡ
һġ顱ִӿдЩסֱסɱĭѩ¡
ˣʮսʿôˣ
㡢ע⵽𣿡
עʲô

˾ǾôǿǼ˹峤𣿼˹峤ˣ
߼սʿƵǼ˹峤һˣǼ˹峤İ
ķ𣿡
߼սʿ˼˾һۣʲôޣ̷ݾĺòã
̷ݣǸǼ䶼Ҫ̷ݣǸǼ˾ҲҪŶӵ̷ݣ
ԭǸǼ˹峤İ°ʳĺóԡ
ȷʵóԣԭȥ̷ݳġ
Ҳǡ˵̷ʳȥ˾ˡ
սʿȥŶӡ
ԭҶϲ̷ݵʳﰡ˵óԵղ̷ģ׼ʱȥһԡ
Ҹһȥ
Ҳԣ
߼սʿؿż˾ǣǲԼûꣿ
֪µļ˾Ѿ¥ŪѲȺǵ˺ҡ˹Ρ
˹˱ۣ˵ʣ¼ˡ
ҡ˵ŷųȥ˻
˹ʡ
һѾصǲҪˡ
Ϊʲô˹üŹ
ôܡЦ˵ˡ
˹ûӦʲô
ظһ飺˵ˡ
˹ľˣûԶôˣ
ӣ˵úأʣһѹͷҲ£ǷųѵѹʱСİѹˡ
˹ѹˣ
ֱżķȥƿţһ۾Ϳ϶ļᡣ
ã˹ǡ£ôѹˣǱˡ
԰ˡô˵ͼ˹ͷŴУҲȷʵ̫ˡ
Ǹְĵ˰˾ˣԺ󲻻ʲôвǡ
ҡҡͷЦʣҪ𣿡
á˹䵭þ̵ֻܾ̫ʱˣǻؼҰɡ
ס˹֣ţؼҡ


129 һ
ͼ˹ҲҴ, ȥҲҴҡ˵, ѹˣȻһЩˣٽŰѵȫŪȥһˡ˵е㳤Ȼӿʼûʮӡ
ô죬мȻٲ߼սʿͨ籨, Ȼ뱨Ҫõʱ䡣
, ܹС
ͼ˹Сֿ, µϿ޳һƬˡ
߼սʿ, ƺе㲻ͼ˹ôˡǿǻ˿ŰʱûǿƵ˼, Ҳһ仰, ͷô
߼սʿǺ޵Ժ󵽵׸ô죿Ȼ粿𣿻ǱŲò뵽ղ䣿
ô찡
ȻͱôˣǸʹ򲻹
ǳ˰ɣһǰɣΪʲôҪȥùأ̿ȲǿǳѰ֪Щ߼սʿڸ߼ѽ׶жˣٲǰһҪˣ
߼սʿǴʱ˿뷨ʵࡣһ˹, ǰ峤ǰ峤ôǱԼɣѰ, ˶ٸҹˡԼŬһ㣬Ƥһ, ôʵ
߼սʿǶ׷׶С˼, ôС˼, ʼĸ߼սʿֵ¸ôأ˵߾ߵģҪԼˣҸƯĽڡ
ԣôˣ
߼սʿǽʾ֭˼ô䲻ͻȻԶңң
峤ˣ
峤˰
߼սʿ⡱һ£ô¡ϣҪǼ˹峤İɱ˼峤߾̫ˡϾ˹峤ҲûһҪŪԷԭɱһ峤ʹǸɱ˵ͬˣҲǱĴҪг޵ģ
˹峤峤г𣿡ĳ߼սʿʼɡ
ʲô峤λӵĳⲻǲУ˹峤ȵ˵սС
ˣ˹峤ͼ峤ǰǺ𣿻˹峤峤̫ܣͺİѣ
Ҫи߼սʿ˾ͬС
ɲңѵǼ˹ȥһԲλΰžɱ˵ġô˶ˣ߼սʿǾߵڰףƾ켸ֳа
߼սʿǶ̾˿ʵڲоֻܱˡ
廹Żȥøáȥҿǵˣǿ˵׼ʲôʱҪŪ
Ψһһ壬ס˵ľֻˡ
˱Σȥ˿ļᡣڶԷô⣬Ҫ˵ȣǼһǱ˹˫ѹѹġ
һƤڼϣ̾Ϣȥ顣
ȻֱŪģһΪһ峤ǿĶɱܱϢԼԼԽԽòɣ
ͷټְˣҸ߼սʿô죬еĸ߼սʿȻһȫˡ
ȫܣˣ
Ǹ߼սʿøɳ𣿣
˳ǣڻм˾£˵Ĳһ㣬ֻҪھͺá˭Ҳвעʵûʸ˵ˡ
ҵĲֹ壬ʨϼңҵʨͻȻһù˳
˳áýѵ˰ǰӵΡ
˭֣ôȫˣ
ʲô˵ԼûӦͱˣ
˳ʲôû
˵ˣǸͲ֪

ˣ϶ЩŪĸ߼սʿǾԻűĸ߼սʿ
߼սʿôʨҲи߼սʿҲûĸܰôһӶԵ档
˵ʲôԭ򣿣
黹ûдʱ֪˭ʨǰδеһŽ
˲δ֪ǿ󵽲Уʱȷ˭峤£ԸˣʨҪˣ
ʨ壬ͼ˹һ·ĶҲ˲ٲ䡣˵ЩöิӣԲͻʣͼ˹ǲϸ·ͣصղ䡣
ղſڣһ·룬ѩƤĹΡ
κվսʿֱͦܿóѾŬȥȴǿƲסؽ°͸߸
˹ĿգαϣΪһԾҪװõһоС
Ǹ˼ͼȸӵڴ£ͼ˹ˡ
˹ˣˣովҪӭӱʾһ£һȺսʿ֪ٿð¼ϡȥԭ̷ݵԶӡЩ˸ողǻڵ𣿡ôľͳˣ
̷ݵԶӼֽس嵽ͼ˹ǰණ
ˣ˹𣿡
ʨҲŪû𣿡
˵Ǹûֻ֣ȥʨ忴һۣеսʿͿƲסǹˣ
ʲô򰡣Ǳ˺ͼ˹ŵܣܲ˿ӰԼˡ
ڸٰԼö೤ʱ䣬㹻ܵ˰ɣ
˵Ǳɵ£ǲսʿأ
˹һۣˢˢһվŵ˰ˡ˵Ťʵġ
˰ЦЦ˲·ˡ
ˡһƯĴ˼ǰ羴ʣҲǳսʿ˿̫ˡһֱΪֻǸû뵽Ҳκһսʿ̫ϲˡҪҪ˯һ˹Цŵ˹ԸĻҲһ˯Ŷ
_һ˱ԭء
ôĸҺ
˹мƳ˱һĴһۣõش󲽳ŷݵķȥĵطɢһͳ˱顣
ղĵ˼һ´ˣȷֻǶһ˾Ͳٹܣ׷ͼ˹ȥ
ְֻ֣ڼȣܵСһͼ˹̸Сڵһ˹ȥ
еһСߣµ˵ߣǲˣ
С첻˵˵ÿҹʱԷΪְ̫֣ԵǶʳͶ˶԰ְֵûˡ
Сӣһʱ䲻˵ˡ˹Сߺڰն˶Դصôˣ첲Ҫקˡ
Сᰢ
ˣͱ۸ˡ۵رСߣ˵ְָóԵġ
ȻԼһڵʳǸ˲֪ʳ
û취ʵ̫̫̫Եʳˡ
Լ˵ף֪ϢҪĻҵԱ˼˹׷ԴʳšǵĶڷݳԷûߵҲһҲףϳǿͰףӾͲҪ˰ɣ
ǾԷˣ˼һһҲͬˡ
ٺ֪ͼ˹ˣڸʲôǲǽһ·ͷȫٳŷݵķ
ǣ֪ͳղףա
ǻٶʳģûʳĵֱޱҡƬƬյؼذΣϯضʳĵĴʳģʱڻ⴮⣬ܿڶʳɢ
ΧˣǸˣԼղӵоȨĿա
ֻʳʳС¶ԸæʲôʳóԵĻϣֻҪͿԡ
ΪͶι̫ˡ
ܵļѾµѵôһأʳģ߲ܣֻҪҪʳԣͨͨ󷽵ظǳԵ
ζʳúȵḶ֭́óһЩ׾ơ
ɫ֪ΧŻ߳ԱǻֵĴ֣˰ǸҸط
ܿճڼ˹СмԼĶƤ
ԺҪٴӦˡ˹е۵˵ӻæڣǵǳԱȺˡ
û¡ڰ֡
˹û˵ͷһʳ
ȸ˵Ŀմչžôͷʣ˶˵졢ףһ֪ףʲʲôأ
Χ⻰ߴߴشף˺ͼ˹ʨ𣿡
û
ףڻµζʳ𣿡
ףղҪΪǲ𣿡
ףܼ˺ͼ˹˺ÿ𣿡
ף
ձԿۣʣ˵˭˵öԣ
ͼ˹ű˴ЦЦ
ʵǾףһ鷳ڽԺԳװ˶ѡȴû뵽ԭڱֵףоȻôࡣ
ţҿľͺá


130 
ͼ˹ĵڶ, ͲòͶ뵽æµС
̷ݵԶһͼԡһϴǿʵΪ, ҹļ˹غ˳ȥ𴲵ļ˹һ緹û, 촽, һȺ˿ʼ˽ֹ˹Ϊֹѵ
ԶӳԱղû˵Ŀյشȥ, ղսʿӳһʱ, ҴҸһ䣬Լ½̷ԶӵӰȥ
˹˺ôʱû, ϶ָЩսʿ˲ٺö
˵𣿡
ʲô
Ȼ⻹Ǹܣ˭ͬأǾԲ㴫ȥǹ, ĵظǡ˵, ˹˺Ѿǳսʿˣ
ݺݱһ, 鲿治õ𣿻ΪҪ˵ʲô, װ˷ǵʱ䡣ǿ߰ɣһ˵׼Ƕʼѵˡ
ǰĽ̷ݵԶӰ˿϶ָǴóԵˡ
˹һµѵ취˵ôԶӴȥҪǸ߼ѵġ
ѽôһ˵ҸżˡҪǱЩսʿȸ߼, Щڿմ˵ĲԶӲҪЦ𣿡
ǾԲܶģʹ󲽼ߵսʿһ׷״
ʮӺ˵ִĿĵ, 顱ҲԽԽ
̫, ̷ݵԶѾʼѵˣ
ô죿Ǿôȥ𣿡
ͻȻǼ˹ô죿֪մһˡ
ѵٷȥ𣿴˾ǰһ, ˹ܲǰɣ
ǣ˾С
˹ڼ˹ǰͷսʿľ㶷˼룬Ȼ;ʧغܣ
Ȼںսʿűָ죬һ̿ûӰ
˹±ӵսʿڵһ壬Ƭ˲䳯Զӿ˳ŽϾͷսʿǡֱӰɸֻԴĴ磬Զսʿһһһȫ˱ӡ
˹ƾŪŵһͨңҳĶ಻װеսʿ
˹ǴˣսʿǴģȻѹ֪Լʲô
̷һսʿǴʱһͬ飬ŲĹáͬ鲿սʿԶŰΪսʿ￪ģܾþûôʹء
˹˸Ƿıˢˢת˸򣬶սʿǵԴ˹
顪
δһʱ䣬ղ佫һ澰ͷ
ԴսʿǱҳͷĴԴһֻһޱңóܵ׬һޱҡ
ȻղսʿǴӴ˶˸ͷ̫Ӳ
˹սʿʱͷһ󴺷ؽ̵Ͻѧǡ
һʱûкü˳ɹͨˣΪ½ҽ뵽ʳڿԼʳꡣ
ЩͱżӸѵѾõ׼ǽгսѧһֱºǿ
ѵ£æԼҷݵ
ڵıԽԽã̸ζĻʳȫмԼŬҲӺ˽󷽵ڽ
̷ԽԽ࣬Ǽ̷һ㶼ûӰ쵽ղ̷ݵڳЩݵʳ󣬻ٶҪղһˣ׿ڳһʳ
Ӻڼ²ˣͰѷݵ¼ǹܡԺȻʳǰһӿţÿֻһʳޱҲҪӺ΢һЩȵȵá
ôȫΪǿҪġ
Դصղ䣬ÿҪ²٣Ҫ˾͸ࡣ̣ĺľǰ
ղҪһѡ˵û˼еССļʣϾ춼ûܹ顣
ЦЦߺҪæݣɴͽſҹ͵һ
ǲ죬ǴΪ̫ηŲҿ̫ɡʲô˳˼˵ʲôûͰѿ˵Ļŭš
ʲôηǰ˰֣ӦǲֱŶԡ
΢Ц˵öԡ
ǾһСʱȸһ˵ˣת
ʣ˹ǰ峤
š¡
ʣĳˣ
һš
üͷԺҪ𣿡
Цſô㲿λӣ
չЦġҵղѵܱȵù粿ֻҪԸص壬ϾܳΪǲ졣ȻԸϣȷʵҪǿܶ࣬ҵĲȲϡ
ʣڵʲô
ҵҪ߰պȻίͰΪڣҵղܱӡһˣЩ˿϶Ҫһ뿪ҵޱԴʱ򡭡ķϣɣ
ûվߵġ
ǲ뿪˵ղҵļҡ
һ£ܿЦҲ֪ǲߣȻֱӴ岻ͺˡҾǲһ£ͷŲ
ڷˣ
ķġЦø仨Ƶģ˷ܵ˵ԺҵղҪΪǲˡԣǲ䣡гսʿǲ䣡ģԺʲôҪľܸңһŬ˵ģղǵļҡ
һԺ£ո߸˵ˡ
һݵţվͿƲסԼΡͿӹȦշԼļҡ
˷䣬ձΣͦص߽ȥ
صſջ
˹Ҫ𣿡˾ʵ͵֪ͼ˹뿪Ϣòȵ˻뵽˵ˣȰȣֱշ뵽
ź̾˹æҲæûռǡǿҪȻ壬һʱǺ޲Щͼ˹Ǻ󣬱ƻ뿪ղ䡣
Ҳߡᶨ˹ģҾġ
תĥһ仰̽ʵ˹˵ղǵļңҪԺղ䵱˾
Сôɴղ䰲˼ҡ
أתˡ
ĸ߼սʿ˼˵뼧˹峤ȥģ岻û
һҪˣˢؾ
ǾͼŰɡܲܵȵǺǡ
廹ҳһ̯ӣ߼սʿǷղġĸ߼սʿ޵ڣΪյĴӶû˹һۣݺһҧ²ߡ
ǻľţ߶߲ɡԼ壬ǻбĸ߼սʿڹ
ûȵ߼սʿ˼˰˷ųһϢ
峤Ǽ˹
ʨ֪ǰһڣ˹ֱ峤ˣʨ廹ܻȥ
¹ϢǼ٣ֻҪ˹һ죬û˸ȥ塣
֪һ㣬ųϢͰҲղ䡣
ʵ˵ͼ˹ֻ֪ʱǶѡһֱ֧ż˹Լ˹ܲ
ĲԸ⵱峤𣿡ȷϡ
˹ͷ˵ȥɡ
Ҫ㰡
˭峤аɡЦЦؿˣֻҪ˹ˡ
˱˼ƤЦ˼˵û˭峤Уû峤ҲУм˹š˲壬ü˹һȥ˭׬ޱҵʵڽۺòС
ĸ߼սʿԸ⵱峤峤͵µĸ߼սʿѡɡ˵֪ǣûи߼սʿԸ⵱峤ʱ̵űٿصԼѹûȥ峤
㡣˹һ㶼ЩԻȥ˰ɣ
˺˿ڹ֭죬Ц˵żȻղ䣬Ҫúסʱ䡣
˹һ鷳һͼġ
˾ôסȻڳʳ󣬻عӺ
æ극ݵ£Ų̵¡
Ϊսʿֽ˲ٵֻ̡ݵһװộֻǼӼ¸һʯ
ǵľ̵б˸ֻܵǵ壬ǰѴ¼ĸ򵥵˵ǳԳԳԡƽʱ̣ԸµļС
ССյòֺȥ
ȵһжƽ伾ʱ
˵ˣսʿڼܲȥͲȥʵ̫̫̫ˡ
Ȼ伾
ε伾ΪרĿʳǳһȺѺ⣬о䣬ô˾ôˡ
վڴˣСǣϲһ˿Ц
˹һûһصЩѩôġ
ϾС̡˵
伾ﶼҲֻѵսʿû˹
ôģ
ǰ˹°ʹϣӱסʱ˶ŬءȻǿŬģΪأ
˳ǣʶ۾һˣ
˹ʣʲô
ͷЦ˵㲻齫ɡ
顢
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