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ʷϵǬ¡ʵۺǸһһϲʫˮƽôĴӡ

յĿ䣬С֪Լݺʮλ˭˭ŷҡʱ֡

˭֪

ۣ޵֮ˣ

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ڴ󳼣ү֮ӺˣТ˳¡





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1

ʮһʮ
ŬǰȥٹһƬ
ȣŬʬ׼ᣬһͬĻд󸣽ͺλ
չ󸣽ͺ󺹵ӣѳᣬٵͷӻ̫ȴóگ
£תء
󸣽ͺѵ̨׾ԣֻǿδ˵ĺӡʮĶʮĶ졣
Ŭ谮ССټһĸͬĸ磬ʮİøҲֵܼһ˵ҲЩøΪѳһ£뼸λ첱Ӵ֡
ɵ󣬻һա
ۼĸױỹûĨɾתͷ̽زѵĵܵܡ
ǴŬϥµӣһͱܳ谮ʮδˣȴҲ֪£ȾϷ纮ŸŬȥϢֱӻ˹ȥ˭֪Уû˸û˶
£һ
ת徵أѾܷܵȥ
һڴϣɫ԰ףɫ£أȴûһźˡ
ǿ̱룬ŵܵܵ죬죬ѣ
ǱҡѵģֻûܵǰŰ׳
ô
һһТ¡㲵ӱԼһ£㣬˭
ܵ־壬Ÿ죬ģᱨģһᱨģ
ࣿ
˭
֪ʲôĶüͷԼҲТ£϶ζ˶Լ氮Լ϶ζô
֪ʲôֻǵԼ·Ϻö˶ţȻʲôǵˡ
ͷ۵Ժֻ˯ȥ
˯У˺ܶ飬Լһȥ⣬ԼﱧԼιԼȥӾлЦб룬ʧһжֻǸΡ
ǰĶǴŬ谮ĶӣȥĶ߶һȺ͸ǽƣڴϺüնû˹ܡ
ﲻǸζ
һ䶼߲ȵ͵ģȴҲӲһƢЩչ˵ľĶˡ
ڴһտҲԼԽʵ
ʷϤȴҲ֪ЩģǴĵܵܣʮգʮˣʮ컨
ŶԺҲᣬľѵúܡ
Ŭϥ۰ӣǴ󸣽˵ʵسӣ۶ʱŬѾʮ꣬ճĶʮϧų˵Ҫ󸣽ĶΪδĴ󺹡
Ըõģʵǲпġ
ʱ䣬ʱķЩ˽⣬ֵܼ̳кλĿԼΪ㡣
̫СʮͷëޣŬǵеһΪһδ󺹣Ҳÿ˴𲻴Ӧ
ŮĽɽϴģ˭ı´˭ĻȨʹë޲ûսηڣ
ҪԺյҲ΢õ㡣
ֻǿϧǵĶﰢͺɥ常²ռ̩
ʮһҶաȾŲϽݣŬôܣŲԪˡ
ռ̩űͷš
ŬھӹﲿΪסŬ𣬲ռ̩ǽü޸Ŭĵܵܣֽò˴ԼֶŮͺ޸Ŭࡣ
ͺССͣȴǼŬϲ֮һŮ֮бΪ˴󸣽
˵ռ̩԰ǡ
˭֪ǰ꣬ռ̩üԼĶϱҲŬŮӣƢŬ˵ֱ
û˿ɽ󸣽ͺɵó裬Ŭ˸۰󸣽ĸӼˡ
һ˵ĵóעúܶۺ졣
ռ̻ϰףŬ࿼ԼԼĶӴȢ󸣽ͺΪޣͺΪԼӵδЩʳƣ£֮ʮԡ
󸣽ͺܴΪ˱лһĶҲ̫ȥһݣֻǣ̫ա
С淢˴󸣽ͺŬ೤ӴȾ
Ⱦпѱ磬һԼӣһԼĶӣŬʢŭ֮£ֻܴ»СС»ˡ
£Ŭ˻ɵӡ
κһˣ̲¡
ԣŬ󣬻̫óҪ󸣽ͺѳû̫˻ɡ
ûĸ׵Ķֵǳ֮λԵǵĸ簢øԸ³çΪ˴ֱɣ˵ȫ֮λԵ
ڻ̫óҪ󸣽ͺѳʱøŵҪ̫ƴֱ֪ӱ񻹱ţ󸣽ͺһ涼û
ֻúռ̻ϰʵǽ˲ţɲ಻ţѾʱ
ѡ
Ҳֵ֪̫ܼΪжд̣Ҫƽƽ˳˳쳤󣬲һ׵顣
лҪ˵ϣҶ֧֣ղӴ
ռ̻ϰ׾Ǹˣټ޸ܵܣְˣţѪԵϵԼ޸,ϰ׺̫ϳȷʵǡе

2

һãԵİһС
˵࣬ԾͲ˵øĬ
ҲǣһУҲ֪ô˵ȥԼ⴦˵ʲôûã
ĵܵܰɱ㣬ҲǵĵúܣΪ˴ȥһ仰һﱨģҪ첻Ҫģ
Ǹ˲ţһ˭Ҳûа취ϣʱֻǸʮ꣬ϻ̫ѻʯ
Ե˵Ҫıɱ̫ʱɤӵ磬ˡ
󾪡
ڴ󸣽ѳ֮ǰѾˣ˯֮зȥҲô仰Ҫɱǣ
㲻Ҫ
̫һҪѪծѪ
ڴ֮ǰһֱΪܵܺԼͬıӦ룬ңɼ롣
̽̽Ķͷ˵ĲѾôֿʼ˵أ
ץ֣ϰ䣬ֵ˵ﶼĥһϼ磬򲻿ɣˣǾ˴󺹵ļƣ֮á
ֵסס죬ֻҪ˭֣춼ס
磬㲻Ҫ˶֮ǰôǵģ
󸣽ͺĻȻⱲӶˡҵĶӣԺ޲ܻǣסһҪִ̫Ҫֻǲܻȥ
Ǹʱ󸣽֪Լˣ׵Ķ˵һ
ЩԶԣòȭͷѵҪ𣿡
磬ǾôóگǼٵҶ֪֣ĵȷȷǳԸ֮֡Ϊоﻻˣܹ֤ؿ£ȶҪ࣬ضҲ֪£ûֻƴǡ
ʵگǼٵģҲģ磬СҴҲ֪
Ĭˡ
ǰ̫ʵ̫ˣǴ󺹣ȴչͬͬ£ͬܽʿݣʣλݴߣ˭᲻Ըأ
֮վǻ̫ǷگʣλҲӦ
Ѳˣ˭˶ãﻹ֪ġ
Ĳ˵⼸˵ͬͬʳҲǴĵｫ򵱳˿磬ɽڲûգ³һǴ󺹵Ĳ䣬ʱһҪֵĸ߸˵ģ˿ࡣ
ûнӻ
ûȥú룬ѵĵܵѾԼ
ɶţʷϴĶ׵ġ
Ƿ˾ţ֮ɱ˻̫ҲΪ¡
ֵλòǴ֮λǺ޹ϵп˶
ʱǴƣçŶ̩ϺλתͷԸǡ
ã̫ϺλǰϺմСĳﻮçŶ̩񣬻һհŻ̫˲ֵܼ
ҲԳʱ׳Լ
λı¡
첻Ǹڿϲġ
֮£ò룬һģСûˡ
һ磬ûȴǵ˻̫
Լϣһŭ֮·͸Զ߲̫ϣڻ̫ûз֣ڴϺ˯
ű첢ŬСĶӣ滹иܷܵΪĸŬǰûʲôڸС
̫˯Ķ죬Ƿ߱ĸ֮𲻹죬컹˯ţǺ£
治ҲʲôϾմ󸣽ͺȥ֮ǰһúƴӡ
˵˶ģʳԡ
ǡ
ϵĶ嶯£һ޶û˯̤ʵֻΪǶˣԺ֮оͺ磬ˣһΪˣ
һȴǸʮꡢŰֺЦ⿴һ飬ϳ˾ǵ󺹻̫æ󺹣
еľڻ̫˿־塣
̫⣬ǵұֵܣ˴󺹣ֳ񣿡
˵⼸ͬͬסôˣִֵ֮
лҳʵǴ̽ʵĸʬδܳܵҲôһ£
һЦЦҪϾжϣֲǲ֪ҺҸССֵģ˵ҳԱˣǵñٺһţ飬ʵǺȲ£Ĺˡ
ͷǵһҹúҲԣô˵ΪҺá
⻰ҲѣϾֵ˰ʱȷΪ¶˼䡣
̫Цһֻۣȥ֮Ǻһҹ֮䶼ˣͶǰһ𳳳ֵģҲ˵ֳӡ
˺ð˲ΪǺЧղһͳ£ΪɸԸ
ֻģԼʮ꣬ߥԼȥǴ󺹺òãЩصӦδ󺹿𣿣


 3 

úܣ¶ϴģǻ̫ҲãʣµҲգսۡ
СյеһԺҲҪսġ
ۡ
ܵġ
̫Ƴ飬ͷЦŵôأԸ⣿
ǡæ⣬Ů˸սģߺϵƣֻ룬Ҫ游𲢲ô򵥵ġ
Ů˽֪ʱŬơߴޡһ·սԶʱԶؽԬܾŬнԼð´ڡ
Զ£ٱѪɣʬɽ
ڹǵĵգŬͳȥҲڴ˳սˡ
صʢ֮û徣֮ǰΨһԸǹ´һͳ¡
ں´ڣеӡֺ´ӢũڣܱںԶرǻɱܼкܴɱ
̫ҲĬˣòԴúЩ£ڣ
ýЩѹһСëе㲻ʵ
Ҳڴ

û
̫ҲͿһ֮λʡɹ֪ŬȥϢŻ
л̫հ·ֵȨɢ³⣬ʱҲվʵͽһ
ǡ͸ҩ룬˼ҩ
̫һԣĿϣ֪Щʲô
Ŷҩҩݸ͸ʱ̫ȴǽӹŵݵ͸ϣǽȫ˳ȥ
ܲ
˵ս֣ͷԼ򵥣ʵڿ͸̫Щʲô
̫ЦЦ죬ֵܶˣ˵ʵɺң
һ㶡
ֱ̫˵㣬ûеġ
̫ʱʮӵУ۵ľֵܶˣ֮У谮ľǶֹһ˵ôжϲľ㣬˵뽫Ϊһδ󺹡
뺹λԵʧȥ˶죬ɺң
ڶ쿴͸̫ͬʱֺ̫γǿ͸أ
ڶ侲øִ򣬶⣬ȻһЩ
ʧȥ˫ףһʮһˡ
ˣҲרôһˡ
ЦЦ˵ޣ𣿡
˶٣Լʮ˵۾ֻҲãҲգŵ˲Ҫġ
οҪѳ˸Ǵ㣬Ǹ
ҶԸʵǺ޲
ԺСļ䣬һǸְֽģһСǸڴ̵·Ϊģ߸߾𡪡찡Щ󣬰ȥ̡սķ
Щ䶼ǲƭ˵ġ
ˣ˻Ų̫ᣬҪǰ
ĵͨ͸Ϊһ£ĶǸʱСǲ֪̫˵˷һֱǸͷһ̣ҲҪָ
ǳȪܹۣ֮ҲǸ˵ġ
аҸ̸ȡȴƽͣǣĻҼˣһ⻰תλġ
Ż̫Ե޹˵Щ
⻰ܻ̫밢ø˵˵¶ᱻѪͷ
̫˼念ڼ䣬ūǰ˺üΣ̫֮ԱŲ뿪
˻̫̽һԺּˣǴմ˲ƷŶհçŶ̩˲Ʒ֮Ҳв˶
Щɢɢ˰ӡ
δùΪ壬ҲǻϣǴ󺹣ܶضûҲûôི
С첲ϸ˲ΡֱŻƤΪ˶ſĹĿȸ첻ɸ̾ǲƴְ
Щö֪̾ʱϣô㶫ͽأ
һ죬Ц˻¶ССĻʵɰ磬ˣ㿴ŻƤã϶ˣ鷿պòһŻƤ͸òã
ҲҪҡҡͷ˶٣ֻôҲڣûе㣿Ĳõû
춹ģ˵ľǶˡ
һ˵̫ҴҸ˹͸˵޴󰭣ŷģУԺŻ̫Զ㣬˵çŶ̩ǲҰǻ˵ĺֻ꣬Կķ֣
쿴һ࣬ЦԺҪʱô죿ѵߣ
һһ۵ҲУ˼ܡҿԺû¶ͷƣĽʿҲúúҵĲӣ
лҪ˵߹·һղ

 4 

һ֧飬Щͷۡ
еĽʿ˶Ůˣкܶ˳Ƚ˳ĵбѶȿ֪ж
ַΪ죬ɴͳ졢졢죬бͳ죬Ľʿкܶ
˵һ֧컹ֻǸʮëޣв˵͵үүˡ
ǰŬŵʱ˭ҲҲ۷׷ףֻ˵СëҪսûսôϲ׷Ҫ졣
£붼֪ܣȴкܶ˵ſЦ
δ֪Ҫŷһ򵥵顣
Ǹ磬յӺˣԸȥУ𣿡
Ŭ󣬰춯ڲɧ
ǰֻóԺ֣ĶǸʤ̻ԼʲôöҪôĴ֣Ͻʵѵá
ѧŴǰʱĶͷǶ쳤ˣǸͶȪ֪˵ġ
һı֮ˣ֮ǰǰ㼤Ϊ̫ŭ侲룬öĻеɽڲûգöȪ֮¶Ŀ
ʮǿˣ˵֮Ļɴоֹ֮УȴƳѱ˲١
ˣ͹ˡ
ͰԺ
תۼ䣬͵˾³һһǻ̫̳кλĲ䡣
ҲõĲ࣬վ౴һߺꡱʵǹġ
͵͵վԼĶ򣬶ɫѻָ糣ϲŭ
͹ˡ
̫Ϳʼ˵ΪϴԸΪʡôӵ˳̳д֮λұزʹŸԸһͳ£
ӻôɻ̫һ˵Ѫȡ
ڽգҲһϢ֪Ѷǰοʡ  
οʣοʸƨô˵⻰çŶ̩֮һŬĵӣ˳֣ҲǴçҪǸԬǸɱǧĸˣôˣҿ˵ĺοʣǣҪοʣȥˣֻ¾Цģ
̫Цǲڣֻһ̽ʵġ
ȥҪ̽ҹʵǿûȥ֮㡭
çŶ̩һҿҪǹԶ㣬ʱǲˣӴ
ֱ̫
ʷ̫˽⣬ôĥҲеôص˼ҵǰοʣçŶ̩㷴ӦҲ֮еġ
çŶ̩λ֮УҲǳͬƵû൱Ȩ
ȥİø񣬻λСգһλǰ׵ܼܵöʣеǶˡ
̫ˣģ
Ůо̣޶ԣһǴֵ̲һѺ֣ıԷܾԲһ㡣
Ҳ̽һ̽λյı£˭ΪԼá
öȻ簢һսߵġ
̫Ŀ˶ϡ
ͷȥ뿴̫ʹǰ䣬Ҫġ
⻰û£çŶ̩Сë޶ʲôɱ˸ôģ
ǴձˣǽǵСȺǶ˵ֱӾɱʹЩҰĲʲô𣿡һϣǺ͸뵽һȥˡ
˵ţҲçŶ̩̫ϴθĺ´һ棬оıҲһϵҲܽѧϰһ
⻰Խ˵çŶ̩ԽСëޱ绹磬ܳ־Լ磿
̫ɨһۣձ̽һ㼺ˡ
˵ţ죬̾죬˵ȥ
սĽʿԬҪǴ󺹣Ӧǰ󣬻Ԭǰдһ
֪񲻹ǿ֮ĩԬΪ˧ֻ¸Ҳˡҵͦ뿴ʲô֮ġ
̫⻰ֻЦ죬򰡣ǲѸʱǰ۰ǡ
˵ţˣҾöǣʲԷղǳ֮ƣҸԣѸòȴǲʱҪܣ̸ܽͣδһ׮£
⻰һǷڶ
Ͼǰδй̸νĽŬǿŻڽҲãҲգˣ̸ûɶá
̫Լ̳кλλһ˳һγìȴļλϡ
һΣҲѵõľ˲༸λյķԣֱӽö
ԣⳡȴǲɢ
ȥ·ϣȺĩβçŶ̩Ǹ߰ߺ޵Сë޲Ҳˣ̫ʮˣôôͿ˵õһͬż죬˵Ļιȥˣ


 5 

çŶ̩кպսĵԵҲ˵Ļ
Ҳġ
̫̳кλҲģսȻ̫࣬ͣȻ̫󡭡ƾʲô
Ҳû˵
ݣĸŬ׵ܵܣȴıŬ࣬⵽Ŭһֱûų
Сڲߣӡ
ںͷĶû˵Ž˾룬ŵ죬˵̫ˣ񸸺ͶﶼʮҲʲô¶ûܰǡ
֪磬ΪˣǲҪո¶ͷǣֻܿԼⷽͶвͬļ⣬˶߲ȵ͵ģ󺹿ǣȻ˻᲻ϲɶǶȴڱ׵ġ
һ¶ֵ֪˲ûпɽ̫ҲԼĵҲǽҵᣬΨսܷڡ
뼰ˣ˵ͣçŶ̩ҲãǰҲգ󺹶δ˵û˹أô󺹻̵𣿸磬ǵðסᣡ
⻰ееȴ̫ЩçŶ̩ҲãǰҲãǻԿˣӣȥֻ̫ۣ»Ὣֵܶͷϡ
Ȼû˵
ʱ˿ʼ£Ҫ죬çŶ̩ڵ죬챾ͳ죬ɻ̫ȴ콻çŶ̩죬ɼçŶ̩սжôԺա
ߴˮʹҲ֮飬ǰеĽʿǴûڵϰھӪ֮иźֱ˵һ
Ϣʱ㵲ѣ˲Ҫ÷ģҴȥ˾Ӫ
ĽɽϴģŮ˲·ѾΪһͳ죬Ȼտ
ŶȥӪʱѾۼھӪ¡ӼǽΪ˽ҵϺʱӷֵ죬ӾͲԸ⣬ϺˣҲˣҪ죡
ԣҪ죡
ʲôǰ;ˣҪ粫һ

ڳкܶŬʱ˴ʱķ²ͶԽĴ治ŬˣҲûʲô˼ɡ
ϣûпڿļͷ¡
ʵҲЩˣһ£ɲҲġ
ĽɽǰĽʿģÿһ춼һλɳʱȴΪһСĽʿȳóҪô̻Ҫ̡
ʿ⣬Ҫͳ˧ģһ̶ĴΪףָĶ͵ôĶΥǾ·һ
̵ĽʿҲǷΪŵȵģùľǳ̵ǰ䣬ȻǲᵱǰģҲԼĽʿȥǵΣ֮£۸ľЩûɽ˵ϻ졣
ǵλССͣҪɶɶûУ죬ǵ
ҽϢ˵ԸǣֻҪ˳뿪С
ʱ壬ʱ
췢ֵ׵һӵˣʮӣ࣬ûǴ˸ǵ῰ķ²żġ
ھƺ˵һӦҶ֪ϺʱǵСܳ裬ǰ˭Ҫǵǰ䣬ҲÿϺ𲻴Ӧ
ϺȥˣԼλöȣʲôǣѵ󺹻ΪСյλգ
ң˭֪󸣽ΣҪǴ󺹣Сճ𡭡
ֱӼʻȺ֮Уʱ˵Ŀⶼϡ
ǵһǧ˶г֣һɷ˵һ㶼£Ǽٵġ
ǿ򶨣Ӹ¿Ǹˣ뿪죬죿
ǡӵҲ䣬Сճȫ
һҪŹˡСճȫ
׳ۣ¶Լϣ͸̾ˡ
ЦЦ֪ڵʲôû˸ıӣסǲǣĴǲǣԼǲǣǵģֺγģ
һǼҾƶѡżӪΪľǳͷأǵѪӣѿ
ҴСø谮δһӣ¹ϺӡұҪ£ҲΪһ룬ҲΪԼȥһ
ߴˮʹ֮飬ûУϥ´ȥʲô֮أ
й˱£Ǿһ֮ǽձң˭֪ջ᲻ᱳ
Щ𣿡
Ļ˵ǿżɽвɫмԥ
Щ˿ĶһֶܶʶһһͱǣűߣⲢɵӣ˵ǻ׵ġ


 6 

Ȼ˻һڳ˵ɫˡ
ΪӸɫһ䣬ǣСô˵õѡСգ⻰˵ġǽǵɵӣ
ɵӣҺαվ˵һϣŵѹѹȺһ˫˫ڴ۾ԼͻȻһֺصʹС
ϱ̫࣬һ˶ˣԲ̰֮òǸǰ;ȥ죬ûʲôǰ;
ǰʱλͿ๦ߣҪ죬һʲô³Ǳֱӽնʾڡ
ִˣɲһ˵ģ˵׼ǻ˶һ
֪ЩЩʲôǧҪ죬ѵȫնɱ
Ҫ֮ʣ̫ϲӦ
ԣЩڶġ
Ҳڶġ
Ƭ̣вٽʿȥöԣһúá
ֻʣΪ׵ʮ˺
˵Ҷ˵ˣִˣǾǰɡ
˶٣Ǽһ˵ǰͷҪгһûȥҪ»ɲǲ԰ӣ߾ߣġ
ϣǺԥתȥ
ɲģԼʱضžӪĶ
Ƕ꣬ŬΪѡӣ˴Ҳܱ֣Ŭ࿴˻Ǻ׼ģڶ첡صʱ򣬾вȰȥ𴦵ȨѾ׳֦ȴܾˡ
Ҳʮͣø߸ߴ󣬷ɫڣһھʹӦȴЩ⣬СǺ⣿žӦЩߵģʱǵĿͷԣ
Ƕ֪Ϊ׵ʮ˺ô¶ղǣһ¶ġ
֪Ǿ㲻ߣҲûУЩǲܿģʱ򲻹Ǳɱȥ죬˰Цϣһ£϶ǱȲҡҡλεģúܣ˵²ֻʮˣô˫۾ڿ
±;Ĳȣ潫ʮ˸ߣǺʿģǿ֮гһĸԸң
һ˵óϷ죬ֻԼλСպ˸Ƶġ
˭֪ûʲôȴⲻҾҪǣймҹ棬˶Ǽֳʲôվã顣
ʵһźܴѧʣҪӲʩ̫ˣ˾̫˵۸̫Ӳˡã֪ԼûӲʱ
һɣ
ԼĴ㣬ʿ֮кܶӣҲкܶʵϽ֮˵ģÿԼȥھΡ
һ·ϣ˵Żջȥˡ
ԼСӣ컹ǺģǴ󸣽ͺҵˣǰŬĹϵһ嶼õ⣬Ϊ£Ŭڴ󸣽ͺм㡣
һȫϵԼϡ
Ҳһ죬ȥ˷ϴ˸˯ˡ
û뵽ǣľٶѾʮο̫ζȫ֪ͻȻı䵽ǺûǻĿǰƿƺڱס
çŶ̩ȴʳ֪ζûԡ
çŶ̩˰öʣȥû
çŶ̩̫嶯çײڰ˴֮УһֱӵŬϲõܰߵĵͦģ˵Сô˸Ƶģ
ҼǵôǰҲǵ˵ͺˣûģСӾͱҪƴ
ҽ죬ûȵһȥû뵽˯ˣСгرܲһίôĪǹأ
ԽԽòԾСе񰢰ͺܵί
λ󸣽ͺĵȷȷǸģʮռ޸Ŭ࣬Ŭʮֶļ˵ãͱ󸣽Ŭ˶Ϊתأ˭֪ûŬཫӭءʱİģʱ˷׷ײһţν
Цһʲô֮˵ͺŵʱ죬ˣѵŤת棿
ҪǰͺĻǸȥҪµҲ㣬ǻ̫
˵ͶֵܻЩ汾µģҪֻһζֺĸôǰǡ
Ǽȥû۳
çŶ̩ļƲҲˣļƻͦõģЩ켮ͻΪЦӣ̲ģˡʱֵ̫ǰҲվסš
û뵽û뵽
ȴûô࣬һ˯˴
ۣ͹ˣСգ󸣽Ǳ߲˹ˣ


 7 

󸣽Ǵ󺹵ӣеĴ󸣽ɹŵĲüϣֽԺգǰ޸̫һֱŬ̫Ŀء
ܵӵӰ죬ǰһֱΪλ󸣽ܣʵǺɶĳƺн˼
æӭ˳ȥǴ󸣽ߵһѾͷֻЦŵ󸣽Ƕյ¹⣬СհԣҪū澸Щ
¹㲻ʲôϡҪ⡣
ЦŽ£ҪѾͷ󸣽л
˵¹ⲢζʱһԿΪƫƫϲȫζҲһ㡣
ھûá
ԭȥӪпû뵽̫١
鷿Ҳ˶򣬿Ҳֵֻܶˣһ㵡
̫ǰһӣƣȴǶնۣ쵱ǳˣΪԼķʽҼ˺οģĽʿǽĽʿԲ˱ˡ
ֻ˵ˣҲˡ
ţûбֻ̬̫ҽյţ˵ԬѾʢ·ϣ˼վ͸õˣʱҪ˳дģˣǾ˭ʣ
ͺˡ
µûܻ̫ϻ˵Ư˽»ǲϣͬȨġ
԰̫˽²ҪմѹҲϣЩСգԼΪá
ҲǸȡˡ
û˵
ȻûֳʲôĵԻ̫Թͺġ
ԬһɣְߣɴսթòçŶ̩˴̻жԣЩ䳦ֻ²Ķ֣ڴƸ磬ǴգǴ󺹵ֳҪƸдԬֻΪǡ
룬λС֮УǺͼö̫Сø̫ڳ嶯ҿ֮ƺûкʵѡ
û𣿡̫֮УԶ֮ԣҾֵܶ˵ǲ
˵ûֵܶ˵ȷСȴһ֮󣬳дһɻǴ´ġ
⻰û˵꣬Ļ󺹣ֵֻܶ²ʤΣȥãĲȣֻûйľȥӴʹ
ҲĴ㣬˶Ŭ༫ΪӵλԼɱŬкøУ̫ǸϺַֺ꣬õ鶪ֵܶˣ
˵ǣ̫һ㶼⡣
̫˶죬Ļûеοǵģ󣬵ȴСֻ²ԬĶ֡
Ը⣡ûȻƵģɫԬ˹ƶˣϲûֵ̫ıˣΪСδʶˣŴ˴λֽһҲպս˽⡣  
һ˵Ļ̫ĻŭţǰôûзСܵ˱Ķļ磬ԭŰһЭӴλʹȻбǾһȥԬ
æ󺹣СֻӦԬһ𡭡
Ѿ̫Ŷڰֵ֣֪֮ܺãǶԲûеҪ󣬲һӻĺǻ¡
Ӫ£¿ɴСǶһֱ㣬ܷڣʱС¾ͱ˴¡
ڳûдˣһףʵͶʵѡϾԬʢǺ⣬˭֪Ϊ˴̽ƣ̸ͺʻǴ̺ʡ
̫ɳһӭԵ̫Ԭ¶ˣ
ڴһչȭš
ɶȴһӻֻû̫ûġ
·ֺá
ȴ磬㲻صңҪԬǰҲãçŶ̩Ҳգ̿ԣһȴ޳Ǹ֮ˡ
һֱ˵˴թֽһѵһçŶ̩֮£˽һСգ
ȥӪдǲ̣ÿʲôҲܽʳЩʿǶָǣ
һ˵ĶҲＫʹ죬ԸҲɧң䲻ЩʿڵǰҲС
о仰˵öԣǧ̻֮Ѩ
ѧŸʱͷ죬ĳˡϣôͳ󣡡
رǶ켸һҹ󣬸ǽﲻܡ
ȴûʲôоֻſ㽨ҵֻ˼ʱܹΪԼ˵ϼ仰
תۼ䣬ʹʢ
һͽ̫Ԭ֣ϤԬ˹ƶˣһҪСĶԴʲô㲻֪ò˵ģһɲҪ˵ܴǾò
ֻζԶһûб̫ϣ
Ͼʮ꣬ԬսĴ󽫾


 8 £ģ

ԾԾԣڼʮԬǺڴģ󺹷ĺˡ
һֱڶϣƵġ
ûãһλ롢ݡԼĪʮӻ˽Ȼ˻עţȴɫģͦñֱ
˾Ԭ
ֻ˺Լе㲻һǸĹģʵǸܴˣû̫Ļ˵սթ
Ԭ˸ӣԬ󺹣򸣣
Ԭض񣬿çŶ̩˵Ļ񣬻̫Цݿ䣬·ĲǺԼ׵֣һ㣬ҽ˶ŹԬȴ˶ҼԬԬʢҪסղǡ
ԬЦųƺá
Ѽ䣬ϺͻȻȥϱʹ֣ǰ䣬֪ҿɷȥϺ
̲⽲ʵƴҲǽԵģŬԶһսˣ֪ģȴթһŬըתͷٴǺã
£Ҫƹܷġ
̫΢΢ףĹڳǽ˱ҵĵܵԴԬȥ
⻰û£һֱȭͷçŶֱ̩˳󺹣򲻿ɣǸȪֻ֪²Ŀ
˵õģ̫çŶ̩Ϊôһֻǳ
çŶ̩ƢˣŬĻһЧֵܶڴ֮ѻ̫ĹǺ
ʱ߳ԬԬɣ
ʮ꣬˵ʱлżֺͯȴ֮ĳʡ
Ԭһ㶡
һԵæ͵ʮ屴ա
Ԭ΢΢ףʵĵ׶ԶƲϣλյҲŬ༸ӣɻ̫ɳһʮëʲô˼
ʢһ׼Ҳ⣬ˣǾ鷳Сˡ
ŬĹľǽ԰֮УԬһ˵ֱȥ԰
һ·ϣ˲ûʲô
Ҳǣһֵ׳ꡢܻϿصĽһ޿δ˵Сգʵûʲô˵ġ
Ρ
Ρ
ָоçŶ̩һҪΣϾçŶ̩Ǹֱӣʲô˵ʲôԬϿϲŭ
һ˴ͷԬҲĿбӣʲôģ·ǰŬһ㡣
Ƕȴ˽֣Ԭ֪͢ӿɺã
Ԭɫд󺹺Сյĸ岢޴ֻǵϺȥϢбʹ
̲סһЦ˳
Щ̫˵ɣ
ȽŮһϱȺҪֱӺܶ࣬бʹֻ̫˵ڡ
Ԭֹס˻ͷ
ǲزסЦ⣬΢΢һŵԬֻ˵ˣҶֻ֪͢ҸȥϢ϶˵˯žֺα˵ֻ
ϣԬûиŤͷɫԬôأѵ⻰˵ĲԣŮʲô˵ʲôӲҴţԬؽ⡣
ǲġԬֻԼС޴һƣͦ۵ġ
ڻΣֻλСֻ͢ʵ۾ҵҵֻǵעԼӲǡ
Ļʵ۱ǴľʵУǸΪκϣҲô졣
˵ţǵдԬԬ͸¶һ͢д󺵣ǰ׼ĺá
ʷʦλľʵ̫ڻӹ˵Ҳǰء
ԣӡ̡
Ԭδ·ϣֻлС!
ǰѶĻСȥûȥǵĵؽ磬֪д󺵣ѵδ֪ɣˣû㵽ԼĶѳһ£
֪ţžͲŰɣʱ֤һеġ
ŵ˳ǽԬȻʱϵúܣؿͷ
֪Ǹʱʱ鲻װġ
ԬɫϺҽ֣Ϊˣı£ʵúܣ
˵ţͳеľƺеľƵĹǰֻϺԶǺȹĸƣȣЩ
ʢʺָҲиƣͳԬԶǧŬһƣ̲ס߿һۡ
ҲãҲգ˶Ǹ򵥵ġ
ԬҺܺ棬ҸǸʲôˣ
ŮֱֱȥӲӣ֪ܶ͢˿ǿ֮мΪ顣


 9 £ģ

Ԭһ㶣û뵽λСջʳ
Ƭ̣ĸλۣҳ˶ǽ۲һвܷʵĸԣһͳʵǸ˲š
û˵ԱŬȥϢ˳һ
˵ŻԾ
ȥ·ϣϤˣһһҲм仰˵
ʱǶʣ֪͢λǧɻã
ɨԬһֵۣԬǶֵǧ꺦ǲˣֻҲϲ԰ɣ
λǧκͣʵκԷǾǧŰ꣬ϵͲһɼӶ
ҲʷϿκͦģһܽϺתҲибµģ
ЩС޶ã
ԬЩЦˣǶǮƵģʼƲСޣû뵽֮ȴС޵ı
κֻ죬붫ֵⲻʲôܣɻϼκͣ͢˶κͼΪأвصģûˡλСô֪ģ
Ԭܲ⡣
ǶǮƵģԬΪԼһƣû뵽˵ȴɲ⣬ȻЦˣö˶˵СΪ˵ЩԾǧмӣֺϲһ˵
Цһ¶һҵСӡģû˵ڣԬΪҽ֪˵ǲԬ
ԬǳЦ
ֻλСúܣЩֻ̫ѵλСڳаˣ
ûˣС˵ûԬҲϵɫЩС֪ģ
ʵŬѶ֮ʦ۹£Ŭκ͵·ӣֻˡ
ŬһֻⱲӶ벻ʵۻһˡ
ԭΪŬҲ˵ܹǣϢһδʢ֮ǰǻֵ̫֮϶нʿǷϲû뵽һкȫһ
Цһɬ͸ż˵Ŀ˵ǲµģ֪Ԭţ
˵µģ˵ԼǴδ紩Խģš
˵ϣԬ׷ȥҲû˼
Ҳǵһ⵽λĵŬϲСգֻýȻ˲űѾ¶̬
Żȥ˹У̫ѰźһУʳƣ˶ˣšӦоУ֪ĻΪдǹ͡
ڶ࣬¶˲࣬çŶֱ̩Ӳ΢㣬Ѱ˸ûԽڳıղûм
Ż̫Ԭ˵ʱ򣬶յŲûʲô鷢ŵһ΢΢ЩǵԬ˽թúܣһһҪУçŶ̩˻ץסĴ
̫ʲô˼˶֪ҪԼˣǶʹۣçŶ̩λ᣿
ϣΨжĹԼģ磬ģо仰˵úãҪã϶ҪðյġοçŶ̩һǸˡ
˵ţĿ̸̫Ԭϣֵ˼֣ԬǸˣΪãǾòˡ
ɫһ䣬ĵ͢Ͽأֻ²ᡭ
ɻ᲻ͶǣһԲ֪һô֪쿴ԬĿ翴һͷƵģðž⣬ֻҪ˶㣬ҲãƭҲãܻа취ġ
͢񲻹ǿ֮ĩԬ׵ģ
ʱ˿̸̫ԬоԶ˿ԼŤͷһȻǽյλСա
̨ϵ˶ظ裬ǰƼȡԬǰֻȻζһ̸̫ҲǸģ˵ģԼȣԸçŶ̩̬ȣ˴ֻ²Ŭ١
ҲǣŬȥʱҳǰģ̫ûֶΣܵϴ֮λ
Դֻ£Ԭĳû뵽һλߵԼǰʲô񣡡
춨һȴǴ󸣽
󸣽񲻵ʮɹſƶߣĽ䳤òʮֳȴ󷽣ŬΪ̫µġ
æ 󸣽
æ󸣽󸣽Ц⼸һֱ߶㣬ȥ㣬ȴ࣬ûʱ䣬񲻹û㣬Ȼԣǳ˲٣ǰЩģȴԼ˼


 10 

󸣽ɹſƶߣȴǸ˳ģ˶ϲŬλϱҲǺ⡣
˵һ㲻⣬ǾǴ󸣽ĶӲ̫
ڶļԴ󸣽ӡǺܲģرǴ󸣽ͺ꣬ԼչĶ࣬Ҳ֪ǰϲֵģЩ֣ûʲô˼
ѾԼߵ꣬󸣽һǾǰãǵģǲǸССС;Ҫ͢Ԭտɻã
˵Ů˲òͳϵ飬ɹţ˵ĻЩġ
ΪĸףΪɩӣΪһŮˣ۶졣
Ŵǰ󸣽ԼչˣԶûʲô֮ģһЦֻû¶õúܣصңô󺹵Ļ˵СʲôҲϣǸܺõĻᡣ
˵ţھٱƵԬϣżЦ⣬λԬЩ˼
󸣽λЩһֱ̫ų£ŷԷ˵̫Ҫɱ˶ֵԾ󻼡
浽һգҲƴŶġ
ǵմ󸣽֮ǰҵ߸ϵĴ󸣽ĸǰֵܡ
ȾӦˣͱزʳԡ
˵Ҿͷˣ˶͢Ԭ˸ɻ֮Ǹбµˣ⼸ղֽֽ̡󸣽ͣѧЩܹûġ
Цųǡ
һ翴ַǷʵڳ˸˼̫ԬԲ˵󸣽ϵ죬ʣԬ۾۾ӲǱӵģԲȥ
οƽ
Žҵ
Ԭȶˣ˵ľȲˣȵ̫ȴֻ⡣
ӧԬס
Ԭȶ˾ƺͰѡصģһӷţţС̫ˣ֪ǽ˿Ƕ˳ۣ޲ðǸϳȥңҸ㣬ǶûŻȥĴ㣡
Сա㣬жǲǣ찡Ҹ˵ҪǣҪǺӣҺ޲ðǴж˿顭óԺúкţ֪ʲô𣿽ث/֣
⻰Խ˵Խɫûʲô仯ȴ̲סˣǰקϺǺô˵ĻŲɱ㣡
ԼϺģǶˣҲҪϺ
ס֣ʲô
˵ţɨһۣŲ鲻Ըɿ
ɫԬǽĿˣôϵԬˣԬ
Сգߺһ
ڶߣǶ˵ʲôʲôδйֵĲǣɽһ죬ʵǱﲻȥˡ
Ԭи̣ܹ𣿸οԬ˵û͢˸ŲӲث/֣
ӱʮ겻αؼһʱҪ͢ʵѵǳˣʱЩ͢ʿѵǳˣҪ嶯СҴıɱǵĴƣ
ıɱһǧ˰٣Ǻ͢˵ǳʵȹʱʲôʧܵ𣿡
ǡݺݵԬһۣȥ
ԷԬݣСź򣬸вرź
ⲻǰԬ˳ˣֱǰڣ
ΪԵģǶ֪ԬǸˣǸˣͲʢڻ̫ƤºȵһǿΪ֮Ҫ̽һ̽ǵ̬ȡ
ҲԼ̬ȸԬ͢ʵ۲̸֪òôܴܲǲҪԲŻҪԬʢ̽һ
ԬҲˣ񲢲͢ĺʱ
ò׼⣬ǲԲŻнһ
̫й֮͢⣬Ԭ֮ⷬԣġ̫ûй֮͢⣬˻̫ʮ˴ҲǴ»СС»ˡ
̲ס̾һԬǸˣֻϧĳľʵǿϧ
µû뿪ãмλıʿչԬͷݡ
ڣɫء
ԬȿڣλˣϴԶһսڽû̫ʧλնԻ̫вȴǾصģûڧʱǲû̫ʤ㡣
һ䲢û̫ʤ㣬ѾǺίˣʵϼʤԡ
سǶǶǼ˵ˡ
һλıʿæʱս֮󣬽Ǹû˻᣿
лҪ˵߹·λСɰһղ(#^.^#)

 11 

Ԭǰʵκ͵öĻ˵Ƕֵˣκ켺
Ԭ֪ԼеãκͶȻԼ
֪κΪԶһսɵԼҪȻҲŻԼǰ
κ˵úԬҳӢ£ȥһǵ
Ԭڶİ
ľĻ⻰Ҳ˵Ԭٲ˵ʲô
ԬЦһ֮󡭡֮ϣڣʲôһûãûӣսѻʯҿ̸ʡ  
˷һȻ˳Էԡ
ЩﲻԬȴǼģֻǿˡ
һ磬Ԭһʹķз
ǰ㣬˶ԬçŶ̩ԬǷçŶ̩֮Ѿ˲֪˲
뵽̫Щʱѿɫ
˶֪çŶ̩սģТ˳ģҪȻҲ֮λǰŵǴˣȱҲǴˡ
ýֺͷ뵽ֻ¶ɱԬŬ౨
װû⻰ƵģԬȥ̫ʰ
̫Ԭл֮Ҫȥʢתһת
Ԭ⡣
Ҫ֪ʵΣ⿴λպͰ콫ʿĲȫÿΡ
û߼飬Ԭȶ˾ƣЩǵòߵԲѷҪǣ˲С˹Ҫһʶ
ԬԭΪյĻֻ˵˵ѣû뵽쵱棬װǲãշʲô£ôʲôǵأ
ղûзʲô飬ֻ˵ԬǵˣĿˣҪеġϵЦⲻŤͷɨһۡ
Ըǰ˸ҾԬԲסˣ
ȶ˼꣬ԬҲǸСӣԲһƽϣЦЦµġ
ҹ﷢飬ǵûٶ̸һ䣬ת˵һЩе
ԬԸ̸֪˻ԼδĵˣһǾУ˵ˣԸ
Ƕ䱸ļأת˵лҵǼԬģ˵̬ԬҲǿ˵ģ΢СһЩˣֻǲġ
ǺٻˣʵԬͦϲѡСգֻҪ漰/⣬飬ǺԸģçŶ̩䲻ҲǴСǸ߳ģ㲻ñǽǴλĵ
ֻѿɫˣ
һɫ
çŶִ̩̫ʱǸΪǺӣɵ
Ǳһӻ
Ԭ԰ǽʲôµģ
Ķ죬忡ӣֻĽ
ǰĽǵĻʮС޶硣
ҲǺģԬ˵Ǹѧ֮ʿԽһһģ
ڽһΪʦ
ֻǣϧԬҲǳ̾˿
ҶԣԺλСһǿĶ֡
ЦЦҾԬĿϧ
˵ţǵ˵֪ͣԬԸҽһʩչŻ
СԣԬһ·⻰˵ѾǴ󲻾ԬĳӢ֮ʿɴ˵ȴ򲻻ģ⻰СԺĪҪᡣ
ҲһᣬԬα㼤
˵ţлҳһ㣬˰տ࣬տ࣬˵˵ȥĶЩϰա
ʢǻŽصһƬɲ֪жٳԲϰգţϰҲһġ
⻰˵ԬĿȥˣ飬ȡΪЧֻԽߣȴԽǻҰ
˵ģκЩ޽֪ͻ˶ӣȴǸŭ԰
ţȴɫο͢д󺵣껹Щ󺵣ļûһǰģ
⻰ѾǶڶԬǰԬܾðնĸԣǲڳԵģСΪ˵Ժ˭Ҳ֪ѵδ֪ı²ɣ
Ҳýֻͣδ֪ǾͲ󷽱ԬˣֻǿԬ飬ǲţǴģ
Ҳ´ˣҿԴӦԬһ£ԬҪʲôҾʲôҪҵҶ޻˵֮һ֪ԬҲҶģ
ŵĺܣϾδ֪ԽĽָ
ԬЦЦ¿ɲӦ
ҲЦˣôԬˣ
ԬʮĽʿСҲǱʫ飬Ž콵ѩ˵ֻпܣֱ֡޻̸ֻ֮ãҴӦһ׷ʱСտɱ𷴻ڡ


 12 

ܶطд󺵣λᷴڣ
ֻԬģǵԶ֮ˣȻӦԬĻȻʳԡ
ԬֻЦЦǽиԼߣԺо̻᷽ܶࡣ
˼졣
Ԭ⣬ȻŻҲߵ̫Զֻʢ˹䡣
ʢ˿Ⱦǲ翪ŵԵʣŮﲻűȾֶˣһЦǸ⿪ģʹԬۡ
ϸַǷˣģġﲻ
ԬϤĹ۲ܣֻЩ˺ǵһǾܿݲһ㣬ȴбܼ֮⣬ָָġǹĹˣССͣõͦģ֪˼û
ˣҼиСŮģĺãλ˵ǿԡ
Щ˸ͷߣɤŴ˵ڵ˼ûУЩ˷Ǽûйصģ˶Ǽֲ֡
˼ˣҪ˵һ䲻ظԬֻý翪š
콫һȲ裬ԼȥһŶٴλʱ򣬻һֻװĽС
Ԭɨһ۵ôСļҵĹ
ʮͷڽСܶѾˡ
ЦŽͣԬ˵Цˣҿ֧ͦģ󸣽ȥ˵󸣽ﲢȱöҲҵһ⡣
ԬЦųһТĿɼΡ
ȴλС
Ԭϲ֮ˣȥˡ
ŽΣûԬԺӣֻҪ͡
Žȥ
Ǻ幬֮ףסŽ󸣽ǰסǴ󸣽ͺ
ȻѾ˸оӣԺȴмģӱʱйһڣͷӡԺˮ˼㣬ȡ֡
ʱ򣬹ȻƵģ˵ܡ
ҲĶﱻġ
йŮƼ˶죬æӭ˽ȥ
󸣽ڿ飬ŶϢ϶Ц⣬أһ߶ˣҲ֪ԬһɻãҲǵģͣϼ֣һʲô˵
ЦæҪŮ˾ջ裬ЩۣɣЩܻĲ衣
û󸣽Σȴͦϲλ󸣽ģϴЩĸ׵ĸол󸣽ҵģ˶ԬǼ£ȴøѧܶණ
͢ĽʿǺȲʱҵ˼飬ҪԺ¶࿴Ԭвһ
˵ԬƻɣɺܶʱﲢûԼʱ͢͢գ˵ֱɣǾ͸㲻ϡɼվڵλòһ޷һ˵ĺû
ܸоԬ㷴С
Ҿͷˣϴһ˵һģɴȴ˵ѲСӣܲǻ¡󸣽ȷλĸɹɴ˺ͺģԬĲɣҴǰ˵飬ҪѰģֻҡ
ģ½Զϰַ沢أܶ鼮ȻҲȱġ
л󸣽󸣽
˵ţͳеĽС
󸣽⣬ӹһ۽üҶʱЦ⣬죬Ǹҵİ
ͷ
Ժвźܶ䣬ǵԼӦﰢͺʱ͸һ֧ƯĽΣʵڼ֮ǰһֱңȴûҵҲΪνƼ֧ʱţԥ
ǮԼΪ֧Ρ
ҲܼʲôŴ󸣽һһʮԵ˵˳С˸ֺöǰڸ¥ȥңûҵʵĽΣԬ˻ᣬԵɺ֮¿һ֧ΣŶȻڣ͸󸣽Ҳһġ
ʵ֧㲻þԼҲµ˼֣ǰĶ߸ʽĺö۹ҲǼ޵ġ
һֻλصͿʯսΣǱʯǺССģҺܱ£û
󸣽ϵЦ⽥ȥŽεﻹ֧һܸ˵ġ
죬ȥ֮ǰҹңҪҺúչֵܼˣر㡭ԺȱʲôʲôҪʲôöԴ˵ڣֻҡ
ǽĴ󸣽ǿƶ߲ԭ߳Ůϥӣ˺
Ҹĵ
Ц˵ǡ
󸣽˶СĶǶ찮ԵĲˣЩ󸣽ǵá
ļԴ󸣽ӡ󲢲ʮ̣ɩɩСһ𣬱⣬ɵ׻ǲʣԽϯһˡ̫󸣽Ů 
񲻵꣬İװ֣ʮֿˣֻǸҲǴ󸣽ʮıǱܳ谮
ǸС룬÷ʱҲקŶ˵ͣʮ壬
ʮ壬һȥá


 13 

һֱΪԼϲЩСӣСԼһֻáţ㡣
ССͣȴԼһϲһкÿĶϲÿѣϲÿΣкÿĸ硣
ǰϲճŶ죬ֻǶܲô
ⷹû꣬ͱȥСӣСǵ̫ʱһѣһ˻͸
СѾͷҼҵĲ׼κһСӣԺ
ָСӣʮ壬һֻòã
̫ϲŪСŮȤҪСһֻԼȴܾ
¶֪ģã
ͷһЦ¶ССŻֻСƵġ
ҽСûȥ˳ԣòã˴ཱུСָкܺã̲סִ˴
˭֪ȴǡۡһšʮǻˡðűݾܿˡ  
û뵽סŪЦԷǣֻСӻͦ˼ġ
˻Сӣ󸣽˵һٻȥû뵽ߵſڣ洫޿ʮǻˣҪҵãʮǻˣ
һȥ󸣽꣬׵ġ
̿
󸣽ҲЦԺҪʮ˺òãҲҲˣòã
⻰һ޵Ǹˣá
С˵úܣ󸣽ļԶ˵Сӱ㣬վͻǽյ¶Ҫȥˣʱˣһ֮Ҫæúܣǵÿ
Ӧһȥˣȥ֮ǰǰһ
޵ĸ
תʱǻЦﰵЩСҲͦġ
󸣽ıӰȴû˵̲סҹ̫˵Ƿ̫Ǻܼɵģ֪СܵǸ÷ֻǴѹ
տ̫˵ûȴǸϲĶ죬ϴ
û뵽ԼҪ  
ļʱԬԬ⼸Ҳ˶ܶණʵԬĵҲ˽ĵģ̫λòȹֵ̣̫֮϶Ҳ֪ģֻͲֵճɳ
Ͳ˵ˣûӴΣȴҲǸģֻԺֵܻǻ̫ľС
ɱĸ֮𲻹죬ԬŶֵܼ
⼸ԬΪ鵥ǽһЩιʿĵȻлл
תۼ͵Ԭ뿪ʢӣ֮ǰ̫һıʽ˶ġ
˵Ԭڻ̫׬ӣçŶ̩ˣǡҾͲˡ
ԬһʢС뿪վڻ̫࣬ڳԬָ
һ˺ƺƵԶ̫ˣЩвʲôԾĵط
ҡҡͷ֪£ش󺹶֪˴Ԭȥ֮͢ǲʲôġ
һӹɡ
֪ԬЩӹŻȥ̫ƮƮһ仰
˵û˶Ԭ
ʵʵ£
̫ŵݵҲ򵥣һ仰ū֮ģūΣѱãи󡣡
仰˼Ǻ׵ģŬѶѾȷ̫Ѿ֪ˣʲôҪ֪ģ
ЦЦû͢˵丸ʵ̽ġ
ԬУ͢β͹ۣ͢ϲ˵ѳֳ顭͢ġ
ܶ໰˵̫࣬˵Ĺ˻˻ɵġ
̫ļ磬ת¥˵Щ֮ǰ˵͢ʱãôһ⣬͢һղһʳѰ
¥Ż̫˲ıӰĸܡ
Ͼλ˵治˵ʲô˽˵ʲôĶУܶŬȽϡ
һˣһʮͷѪյˣ˭ʵ
Ȼɸûɵ飬֤Լ
õǴ󺹣ûУ԰콫ʿ˵ǸСĴټ֮ǰԶһսܴ죬ֻ֣͢ʡҿ̸Ϊʡ
͢ǲܴģϾȸ꣬Գɲǣ
ǺαغķԼı
ŬһΧ˲е˼
ʮͷĻ̫Ըʱ빥ľ͢ɸԶǳ֮ʱ˵͢ãҪľǵȣһֱȣȵ͢ãǳĺʱ
ʱǲѴ֮ո͢ڴ֮ǰҪոʵܱߵС
̫ɨһۣŶģ˸ģ
Լġʵ棬ʵ˸öģȴΪһԸġ
Ŭ൱ǸԲˣһߵգɼ̶Ǻܸߵģ콫ʿҲǷǳŷˣкܶཫʿű
ң͢˴ԬʵЩ̫
̫ɨһۣЦЦ㵹ס
˵ţǳ̾˿Һúɣ
ս˲٣çŶ̩ĴӺŹ͢ź̸ľʹһˣŶһ졣
첢ôģ֪ʷϵĻ̫ûһξ͹͢Ի̫ǻ׵ġ
Ż̫һع
ȴǳﻮˣǰŬЩû׵ĶӶסڹģʢĻʹ;ǵϽǲ໹ͦġ
ͱ󸣽ӵͦСģŮ˵ԺӶúܽСö컳˭Ժ˵˻ͻᱻһȥ
Լ˵󲻴˵ССһȥס
̫Ҳ޳ɵģϾһСɶȴȶ꣬ѾʮģܶСӸöˣҲʱ޽ۡ
һҲޣҲޣѡһĵԺӣԺֵҲиӦ
ضѡȴǸ⡣
Ҫȥ˼죬Ҳûѡʵĵط
սԼԺӣͼſվŸС˶
һԭ
ʢѺˣϹźɫĴ멣ñϵһȦëĵС۷۵ģһˣЦæʮ壡
СӾǺãżյĹͽ֮ǰԼҪӵ¶һɶ
Цǰ˴ֺСݣôأͷô䣬ôͷңǶô죿
ҷҪʮģʮ壬㿴һݣ˴멣¶ë׵С
첻СҼҵģЩë׵СûʲôȤ
ʮ壬㲻ҪҸˣ
һСӵ˱ҲҪʮ֮󣬾ͱ󸣽һ
󸣽ΪԼòŮͶ⽾ݣҲδɲµĺͯһ㣬ʲô£ǽԼƽȵˣ½ôһϡ
ͱ˵εɣ󸣽ֻһСӣԺСӻ᳤ɴӣܶСӣҲʮˣԸ⣿ˣʮǰԵʱ򣬸һֻС⬣
ֻǸĺӣ˺üգӹˡ
һֻСûʮҪһȺСȴʮҪˣҪʮֻҪһֻСӰˣ
лҪ˵Ƿʷʵһºٺ~~

 14 

̲סЦû뵽ԼһϷԣȴǵ档
ֻô󸣽Ǹ˲ŮˣϾܿóܹȢŮΪޣǻ̫ĸ
̾ţȴʮ壿ʲôʱã
ǡʲôʱã
һ㶣˫ڴӣôɰҪ𣿡
ص˵ͷ
һԵסЦȺ֮ҲûԹ⣬ǰ󸣽˼䣬ֻЩˡ
ˣԭչֶһ棬Ҳһ档
һѱЦŵǲ⣬ʮʵҰһҰӺòã
˳ԵģȻϲЦտǲԼĺýá
ǻ̫ϥµŮȴǵڶŮ̫иŮǺһĸͬãˡ
ĸϣǻ̫ĵڶεոŬ಻ɻ̫λϻЩģֻΪ檡
̫еİ˺ϣչ˲ܣǰȥ̫ճõŮ˴󸣽߽
Լ׽㡣
󣬶ʹ׵ãһֻδҰһҰӡ
ԴӴԽ֮󣬶ԼΣÿĶοվȽŸһиֱֻ̫ˡ
ر˶һãôƶϲ
ϲӣҲûõĶȥרҪһ̲ҶԼһڷˣιӳһڲҶӣģɷµģһͰסľչŮĸһ㡣
ҲѧҪָһֻСӡ
ԵŶʱԼܵƵĶÿģǲܳҰӵģÿճԲҶӾ͹ˣ
ιΪѰ˺ʵլӣͬܵհǲû뵽һȴ棬ϵЦסˡ
վ磬ˣǸպڳҰӣҪҪһ𣿡
ηηվģһ㡣
򲻴ˡ
ŮģŮ
ǶԣŮ˾ǻŮ˻һûʲôǰ;Եģ˾ӦɱС
򲢲Ůӣֻǻ̫ŮϲˣˣȻڳԷЩʱˣ죬ǰЩҪҸҵļ飬𣿡

˳ԷʱЩ
簡ʲôãɾ̫ϲڸˣÿҪһɶһѵ޻˵
ңò϶ĺá
һˡ
ͷһ䡰㡱תˡ
̬ܿᡣ
Ŷ֮Լûʮк
СǸŴ󸣽ģܶأקק½ǵʮ壬ǻûʮˣʮ塭ǲǲϲǣ
ڴ󸣽ϥµĹҲ֪ԼǲһģССЩ/С
ǰͿʮʮ岻Լû뵽һʮȫһˣʮ廹ӡ
ЦŽͣǣͷô䣬϶ʮͷˣԼЦҪ롣
˵ţǸ˿鼦⡣
Ĭ࣬Ψʣߴߴ˵ͣ
λֶŮȥ˶Ժӡ  
ڿ飬ǰͺϲ飬ɹŹġġ͢˲٣Դ󸣽ͺȥ֮ǸڷˣղھӪ鷿飬ʣµôʱ䣬չ˵ܵܡ
ȥʱ򣬶ˣȴͷû̧һ¡
֪ˣͺñ˴ǰͬһӪģԼͻȻѱ䡱Ȼǲ˵ģԼ̫ߵýɲΪ֮ԼߵýԼһ۲۵ġͽ
캰һ磡
û
ǰĶǸӲģŤͷߣЦǰԵһѲǰ磬㿴һˣҪȿ̲ЪһЪ
ƤЦģڶζֻԼܵڻ̫ǰĶӣǹӳأ
ͷˡ
ó𣿡ҳ飬ĵҿϵͦġ


 15 

첻浽ΪڹԼаɣҵŹ㣬ûôԡ
ؼʱ򣬸ƻǺõġ
Ȼ飬ĳǰҾ˵Σ̫ۼ࣬ҪԶЩߵýҲˣôŮߵ±˲֪Ҫվͷ
Ǻɸ֡
˵ݼڣǺҲڣ͵磬֪ܱô˵㶼öڴйϵһ˵ǴΪôƴһģˣø񻹱ţ˷飬󺹶ӹе졣
ֵĽǶ뿴𣿡
ҴӦ㣬йϵһﱨġ
һ򿪳ϲ̸⣬֪ʷϵĶӱ꣬Ͷһ𣬶Ǹ˳˵ġ
Ȼռ˼ҵ壬Ҫ˼¡
⻰ɫ΢ÿ㣬ȴʲô캦飬ȴ޹ģѵΪϲ󺹣ŮҲҪǺ𣿡 
ծӳ˼룬ȴܹͬ
죬㱻ˡǲġ
ЦһֻöҲͦ˼ͺϸ׿Ƶģܶʲôᵣġ
һʮжܱëƭ
һЦҲԼЩСҲЦЦǶ˼䣬ЩСʻ괬֮Ļ
ĩˣ̸ðլӵǵ׸簢øѳףѱٸˣѰһԺӣռؼʮĶ΢һһΪһԺӣһǶԺӡ
ԺǼõģλúܺãҲѰ˺ܾòѰ
ѡĵطȻ˵ã͵һԽе鶪˶
иǺãа룬ԺĶͳ¿Ǵġ
һֵõ˦ƹ
Ӫȴǲܶ򣬶ǰЩӾҪעžж򣬲鲻֪һһ
Խ֮һֱôģ˵ɹѾ̧ˣ֮ͳûȥӪΣȥӪĴȥԸӪĴࡣ
Ϊ
Ϊƨƨ߸ŶȥӪ棬ÿÿѵԼ§˵С
ĸܶ˳ϲҡ
֪ǰиۣжﰮֻܿԼֻһ
Ϊһţ¼ţ¼ΪһΪһɽѰӦǧˣʱǹ͢ǹɹţ˵콫ʿ˲٣еĽʿǧˡ
ȻɾӪеĴСȴȫȨģһɽ棬ɽǡ족˼ǡͳһ˼
ɽĴڷɢ챴յȨϾһ˶ʲôʱ㲻Ϻ¡
Ĺɽպ̩ʮͷͣ죬˳֮󣬰ͺ׵պ̩죬Դһ·Ϊɽ档
յ˵һˣǲܵҪλã˵аͺĵŬǰԣǷֲġ
պ̩Ŭ˵ò룬ȴһӡûС
պ̩Ϊɽ֮ÿ¶еĴС񣬴ǰСʱ򣬶Ϻ¡
ʮʱϺ˵ˣҪԼȥܡ
ÿպ̩ʱҪôڣҪôԸ˵ҪԺ󶼲ˡ
ԼԭǸܺӣѵ֪˵Ȩ̫Щʱ򶮵÷Ȩһ£ǽ˳ͷ־ˡ
С͸СЩԾĥһҲͲ³˼ˣպ̩Ǵ󸣽ǰʱˣĲ˵ÿ»ǻ󸣽밲ģżҲǻ˵Ͼз
ĹսʿҪʱҡҡͷıԼϰͷļͷռٸʿҪߣôĶҾͲ֪
յçŶ̩нϣɵܹǣ˵ģֻʮСˡ
ܼ򵥣çŶ̩Ҫһ˵ϻ˵ˣպ̩ʵ벻бˡ
һ㣬պ̩Ѿʮʱ䣬վ˸
֪νӻǰϺʱ˵պ̩Ϊɽ棬Ǹɵʱܲס󸣽ļ֡
Ҫպ̩һ˰ɡ


 16 

պ̩ڵʱŹǳʱͷѩüë۽ë˪ӲߣȴֺģϴЦ͵һеѩˣͺġ
պ̩һæ밲ǵһӵž͸Ϲˣȴ˵Ӫ£ִҴһȥСĪҪ֡
⻰˵Ĳò˶룬Ӫ֮гûˣ
Цк˸պ̩ϲ裬ֻ֪Ӫнŷʲô¶
֪֪˲ܰսʤպ̩Ͳ˽⡣
պ̩ӹŮĲ裬ҲȣֱӷһԵİϣֻСյĻţ¼ˣΪ˭սһƥǲɿ
СģѾѵˣĪҪΪô㼦ëƤС¶ֵòð
ͷ²ʲô¶ӪеһѪգ׳嶯ġ
⡣
ֻպ̩Ϊô̶֥С¶ۻȥһˣɼǹⵡԼ
δ˵ƣͶлˣҪʾӪеΡ
պ̩ϹϾӪһжãСշġ
ƣ
źƣ
ʮƽﾭԼߵˣҲӪ֮в֡
çŶ̩պ̩нʿһ£Щ˵ĵȷȷȥ⣬Щ˽Թϡ
ɨպ̩һۣ㵹Ǻ˵˵ô÷
պ̩ڽôЩ꣬ԹȥĴ󸣽ͺͶʮ˽ģȴĥԾζǰСտɲЩġ
ţֻƮǾӪ֮һжãǻҽͽ͵ٽʿҪһ¡
պ̩һ㶡
նӪʱ֪ģԸ˻ˮԱڼЪϢ
ԭΪ첻ᣬСսղҹҲչС˵˵¶ģ޹ؽҪ
Ҳ죬ʣУÿվЩΪ´֣ЩɽɽߵССղصģϼգûˡ
Сģ²ǻ𣡡
̲סԼЩǲǸɵӡ
ŭЦ˵ǲ㵲ţ㣬Ҳøòã
⻰˵̫Щպ̩æ£ֻСգ⻰ʲô˼
ڿ˵ڣٽʿҪߵʱЩӾҶ˵Ӫ֮оĲȣɽվӸ¿Լǰպ̩պ̩Ҫ㵽ʲô˼ĪΪԼӪдʮ꣬¾һ˵㣿
ͷѩʢ쬵һƬպ̩ȴðСգԩ´δ󡣡
Сյĵط˼СҪµҲһüͷġ
˵Ǻɼܲסѿ
ЦŵȻģ˵Ըң㶯ְɣ
£ȡǽϹŵһѽպ̩ǰ
ѽǵʮʱŬôЩһֱ鷿
պ̩Ǳʪ͸ˣҲð亹
ŬսʱұסˣԴ֮ףŮУʲô硣
ʲôٻ󣬶ǹ̡
ͱ˵գҪжҸھȥ˶һ䡣
պ̩Сա
ڽŽʱϵЦպ̩ǳϻ̳Ͽ֡
λã֪˶ίŬ˶Լס
첢ֻô㷽˵ĻǺŪҵģ
¡Ҫµ²˵ʲôֻСһ䣬µ׷ʲô¶ǵСղʹ졣պ̩ǰûνɶλӣǴӶ෽
ǹȥ󸣽ͺСӣСҪ÷Ҫ꣬ŬԼǰˣСһֱüЦģԣŰӣ¾ڻȪ·ϣҲ뵱׹
ǣ㲻ף治׻Ǽٲףһһ٣ϵɫ༫ˣ˵㲻ףҸ㣬ڳǽһռʮĶıԺмĶϵȵЩĵܸܵĴҪ³̣պ̩ЩӶǴģ
ǰҶڵʱǰƣҶû˵͵Ĵû̹㣬ɽλҲڸǰ˼Σģôرģ
˵ǲǸҽգ御


 17 

ŬԶһսսܣˣʱçŶҲ;Уʱľҽ˵Ŭֻʱ޶ࡣ
çŶ̩Т˳Т˳ɴǸʱͿʼΪԼﻮ£˲ˡ
ֻһУ֮λǺûʲôϵ
պ̩öӣçŶ̩һֱţ֪һջóġ
۳Ǹļƣպ̩ԶçŶ̩ϾС˸ɫȴһݡ
֪çŶ̩ΪʲôҪȡˣгһçŶ̩ܼܿն죬Լ˳ӹ죬û뵽λСȫ֪
쿴ɫҰף˵Ƶô˵أûʲô˵ģ
պ̩һֱΪԼأѶ˵¸죬֪Լ©СռȻѾˣ޻˵СҪҲˣֻһ㣬СĪҪǣҵļˣ޹ġ
ȥ˸ӣİװ֣ǿɰĲµıӣСӻẰꡱˡ
ϣǱۣȥõϵı
쿴еĽѳʣŽָ̲ס΢΢֪ˡ
սѪӣҲġ
ֻ֪˰ɣţɱסÿԼˡ
պ̩һ㵡
çŶ̩㣬Ǿ㣬һ죬õϵʱ򡣡
ɽλãҲᶯӼǧ֮ѡȷĹ֮Ժ֮С½Լϣд£ֱңı£Ҫģʲô¡
ʵ˼£պ̩ǡ
쿴Ҳ˰Ѷϵ亹ֶ֪
ŵﰢͺ֮ѡպ̩պ̩ģպ̩ҲģؼҪôǡôպ̩ҪǵãҽĽɱˣҲ˭Ὣ¹ͷģΪçŶ̩ͷᣬʶһ䡣
ھӪ֮˵ĻǲԣΪԣԳͷصĻŸࡣ
ǣлСղɱ֮պ̩س˸ͷ
תֻˣʱˣȥɣ
պ̩ȴǼΪ⣬ֻպ̩Ѿ˶죬ΪλԸ
һۣѵǻбպ̩õѡ𣿲ûУ
պ̩ˣ춨ҳһţҲûаܰЩʿ
çŶ̩һ£ʵǾаסңҪȻôգ
պ̩Ǹˣ֪ôѡġ
˵ģһ㹻ˣպ̩ˣԼçŶ̩ܸٻԼȴһлΪ̡
Ȼ
ļպ̩밲˳˵һ˵еΡ
ò˵պ̩ȷǼбµģʩ֮£нʿѱ˵ģ춯
֮ǰһı콫ʿʵ̿ɲģõĶ浶ǹƲߺҪʵҲǺҪġ
պֻ̩ظ˵½öʧ
Ľ½
ûգ͢ˣȻϣ͢Ҫ̸͡
е˼ˡ
͢У˶ˣԶһս֮Ҳһ·ȥġ
ȻҪ̸
һʱ䣬ǸϣҲ֪çŶ̩Ҫ̵ģûٴӵ֮ˣȴҲмģçŶ̩֮䡪ǽ˲䣬ǿ׳óŶǸ仨ˮ
̸̸ƨǾǣ
ź̸һ׳çŶ̩޻˵´ڸεֵ
ǻ̫һ̸
дŲˣ˭л̫Ǵˡ
ֻ̫֪Ϊ˽ɸǰȴԣ͢ʱá
̧ͷɨһֻۣû̫ͦǸģʲôѸ¶ѹŬ
˵Ż̫ͱ̫ˣ죬ԬרŸһš
죺
һ̧ͷȻ˵ĿⶼԼϣĿ֮дž㵡ɡš
ҲˣçŶ̩ɵ۾ͭ壬ԼɱƵġ
çŶ̩һ䡪ԬǹϵǺðɱʱ˻Ǯ
ԸçŶ̩ǾһսԷ롪ӡ
ֻǰӹ̫еţŷڴţûб˿Ҳ֪϶Ǳ˿ģƻǲ˶


 18 

Ҳƽ¶Ͼ붼֪ԬԼдʲôʵԵĶ
ŶȥһȻдĶЩ޹ؽҪĶԼϴе鵥ȥûʲôģɻá
쿴ſţԽԽɻԬʲôѵԼԼƭ͢ȥ
ǲ⡣
˼ҼȻţ컹ǵûһȥͷдԼĽףԬúչ塣
ϾԬҲСӣǾսƴ岻Ǻܺá
ʵֵ֮ˮݣԬΪ꽻
ûȥԼλ꽻飬̫˵ˣ̸͢תʡ
ȻҪ̣ǰ콫ʿ϶Ҫսġ
ԼǲҲҪȥ
뵽⣬˳˼ۣԼҲʮ꣬ҪӢţʵǿϧ
ҪǲȥҲС
һսŸĵطçŶ̩֮ԸҼ̫ΪʵԲù˼ɱ˵ɫ뷨
ҲΪˡ
˼ȥȥ˶
ʢĶ䣬ʱϻźĺƤ멣µĴѩֻú͸ȥˡ
ѩһߺ񣬶ȥԺʱʱƽյ
ôҲ׼ȥӪġ
˵СʱƵæȥ
ȴô죬ʲôⲡûãһֲô죿
˹ϵĴ멣û¶ѾˣǸ磬ô죬ȥӪʲô
ʵ֪ģԶʮ֮ÿ״򲻶ĶȥһӪʼҲ¶֪ĶˣĶˣҲͶˡ
ѹѹģһдѩ¡
˼ӣܵĿЩô죬ѵʿھӪͲأô죬һҪѵǲȥʵ˵ȥ
조ŶһʷϵĶΪսʤˡ
ûж໰ȥѧϰѧϰ
Ӫ֮Ҳ࣬컹ҪЩֻǧͷô죬һͷ־һԼˣܵúܡ
䲻ʮ꣬һһҲǺ˽û
˰ʱ˾Ӫ֮һûпСʿʲôʲôǶգҲûʲôʶɳԣõķܲ˿û֮⣬ͽʿһڴڳš
¶ԲߣԭһҪר̸⣬̫䣬ͷĲʪˣʿǵķ˶Ǹϳģʵ⣬ȥˣҪӸЩóԵġ
ҡҡͷɫˣ磬ʿܳЩΪʲôҲܣ
˵ʵڵģⷹʵʣǳףŵùζǷܲҲܿǵķӡټϳһվǼǧ˵ķˣζǿ֪ˡ
ЦЦ͸ο·죬һˣЩˡ
ҲǱǻͶ̥ЩƽȣʵҶһģЩʿԼΪתͷɽ亣ζ޳Уһô룿
Щ䲻ٶսȴҲǽĵģ죬ֻҪĶǣһῴġ
˵ͷ
ǰ֪׺оȫȫһģ磬ѾˣֻɢˣȻץֻܲˣһ󺹵˼ӦϾҪˣҲ֪ҪҪȥĽʿΰŵġ
ʵǺȥʶһģȴ»̫Ӧȥ֮ˡ
çŶ̩Ҳᣬ̫ò
ջ̫ӦúûЩҲͰˣˣ춨̫֮֡
ԣԥ
ȴ죬㲻ȥˣʢĽʿģֻҪиһգЩʿǰ䡣
ֵģ֪Щʲôļ磬ֵֻۣ˱һţǡҪ࣬ǻҪﱨ𣡡
ֻۿһᣬǰ˵𰢰ͺʱû̫ĸом䣬ָоͺ񿴵Ƶģ̾̾һҲ͹ˡ
Ҳﰢͺ𣬿֮Σ𡭡µͷá
Դ۵Ķд֣أֻüϵκغأжΣգ˶ײУǵĸжƻŶ֪
磬ΪˣҪһȥʣֵܣӱȥ˻ܻӦҲһ̣ᶨҪһȥʵľģֵܺ࣬һĸͬҲǰø


 19 

ֵԣһ˶һܲݷĿԣƫƫɫᶨޱȣôô
˺һᣬǷеĺ룬ҡҡͷУ㲻ȥ
óᣬô󺹰ѰøųӣøҲ˽£һ̶û͡
һĸֵͬܣɰø˴ʮ꣬ճʱ򣬰ø񻹲ˣܾСӷֵ˶ĳ谮
øʱŬߴֵ̣˸ʱǸڰͺߣټϰøƢãÿÿֵܶ۾۾ӲǱӵģ԰øֵ˵Ĺϵá
ֵǴϹͷŽģøƽٰԵٲãʱҲΨжȥ
ԵˣֻôȥȥȥǿռĶ
ϸ룬ȴ԰øӡ󲢲̡
ֻǵһԼʱ򣬿øܸˣҪø񱧣ȴøһƵ˵ϡ飬٣ֵĻ䣬룬ûС
ɲô˻Ҫȵġ
⵹Ǹûᣬ°ø񡭡Դ󺹻ģ˻£֮ǰǵÿǸʲô̬ȣǽȣΪ󺹲ᶯø񰢼øֳʲôΣ˭˵׼
˵çŶ̩ǸͷôȰоøçŶ̩
͵˰ͺĶȥǮ˸淢ˣͺΪ˶ӣΪ˺еЦǰø񵱳£ֱһӶûУ  
⻰еôȥøһ⡣
ø񱻹ڵ̫Żûּ⣬κ˲ýȥ̽Ҫ̽һ̬̽ȣеѡ
룬ֻظ˵°ϡ
Ͼͻ̫֮Ĺϵ˵ͬˮ𣬿˵˪֣ûƤûûû黹ǽԼȥȽϺʡ
û˵ܵöһԲ֪һζѹʲô¡
ɶȴ뷨ӡ
ֵˣʵôЩһֱǻڶӰ֮µģ䣬ǿĲɣǿҲǴǰĶռ˵Ŭϲһܷޡ
ĶôҪӵģԼܸ㶨£ҲΪԼ˵ӡ
ȥ֮󣬶˼ȥûȥҴ󸣽ȽϺʡ
һ磬̤ѩȥ
󸣽ãڼ֣鲻ʮˣӴҴ˳һһʮ塱ʳСѾͷ˵Լ⡪ʮ壬ܴǶѩ
ʢ˶ѩǼΪ㣬ɺȴЩֻͲѩЩٴЩöѩˡѩ̡
⼸ΪЩԣԴ󸣽׼ѩ
ⲻСѾͷˣ翴˾һ㡣
ǰЩӾȾ˷纮˵ЩԣȻǲȥͷѩģֻһеİ취Ҫͷ˸ССѩ˷£˿
СӺܺúģ͸˵Ĳˡ
Ҳܶ£˵ֻܿһ˱һů¯վԱ߹ԹԿš
ˣֻСʵڿɰ
ѩ˶ˣ󸣽Ҳˣ˶ȥ
󸣽ʱӣµֻö촩ˣ̲סһͨԹʮ꣬ӻûã˶ܿĻԼ
⻰ֻ̤ʵʵ˵󸣽ͱٲ˼꣬ĺˣҹʱ˴멣Ļյůͣ˴멽ġʵҽмæġ
˵⡣
Ȼ⻰һ󸣽Ĭˣãŵ죬Ҳ㣬ʵǵհøֵ̫Щ󺹵ƢҲǴӦֻ°øס
øǸç򣬵ղ̫ĻʮõҪɱ˻̫̫ʱððȻøų൱ԼݺݴԼһơ
񣬳ǰøǴô̫ǲ׽øųġ
Ϊ̫ӣԻ̫˽⻹еġ
֪²򵥣о仰ôţҪģ֪Ҫ󸣽˵̫øų̫ܲʵ
񣬶Ҳ㲻ʧֻ֪¶Դ󸣽˵ЩѣȻܽøȳܲҼ
˵ǰҺͰøĹϵãɵһĸֵͬܣôʱûﻹЩĵġ
СţûԹ࣬Ҳ֪úòã⼸վΣεε
ûѣЩȷʱμͺɰø񡭡ȴһζûε
ҲĻ˰ɡ


 20 

󸣽Ҳǵˣ⻰̾˿ֵܴϹͷŽİøǺ¶ֻЩӣû氢ø飬ɴ󺹵̬Ҳ֪ġȥ̽øһ취ġ
Դ󸣽лл
˵Ů˵λܵͣҲǷ˵ģýĸЩȨģ˵ģȥ￴˲ʲô¶
ֻ¶ʮþȡ
󸣽վɻǽ緹һ÷ĳһλ˾СԲԲģ۾ģǺÿ
ǰδ
󸣽ˣЦŽ͵ҼСãдܣǰոսġ
󸣽ɹż޵ʢЩͷ֮һֱãţǰҲеý顣
첻Ϊ⣬ûϡ
ĸԵӣԹӺ̹⣬ȴһֱû˵Ĵڿڵ㣬̾ơ
ƽڼ˵ĶɹȻ˵ɹһ仰˵ĿĿİͰͣȴΨ̾ơҧú
죺
Сż꣬ԷʱҪȾƣ
˵Ů˲СڣɱɹЩ
󸣽Ҳû뵽˵ֻܣö˶˵ôź̾أҪֶЩ̲ȣ
Ҳú⣬˼սͷһҪ̾ơ
ܵǰʱÿε˳ӵʱ򶼻ȾƵģԡҲ볢
Խ˵Խͣۿġ
󸣽ĸǰȥˣǵĸףܾ֮ǰͲˡ
󸣽§ڻܹԣСûкȹƣȵ˾ƣҪ˸̲
˵ţǰ԰գǰտƶ߲ԭģû뵽û˼ˡ
ϲ֮飬ͣѼټǰ޵ʢˣģѹһҲˡ
Ҫĵˡ
˾㣬ǿԼһУ˰οܾ̲סˡ
ССĹڴ󸣽п޵ίˡ
һεúܣ޲Ҹضȥ˼С϶Ըġ
οˣܣ㸸Ȫ֪ôܣҲѹġ㿴ңǰЩҵĸͶҲȥˣһǻĺúõģһи磬㻹н㲻ֲֻʣ¿һˣ
󸣽ҲȰǰ㻹нڣԺļңﶼȥ
ʵλСҲͦģĸʱѲȥˣСǹܸ׳谮ĸȴúܣܹ˼ҲʮҸ
ȥɸ粼˳̳кλʹ㽫ü޸һ졣
ܲԸ͵͵ȣ󸣽ӵźæӽ
˾ĹֻǸͯɷڹŴرʱʮһͳ׵Ĳ
һ⻰
䲻󣬿Сӣ˼У֪㽫ӽʢֻܶ׮һʱȴǶ㲻һƶ߲ԭǸ統ңܶã
һ¡
ʣµСëҲһ¡
ǶŴҲǸСԼã˸ǰ뿪ˡ
ŵʱ̲סͷһֻۣƼСѾͷ޵ļͷһһģˡ
ֻŮ˱˸Щ
ʱ䣬ֱȥӪ
պ̩ЩӾԸԴ˩ڿϣ֪ʲô͵ˣԾӪһǼΪġ
ⲻŶҪǰһӾſţȶʱüëͽë˪ȴ˲òֻǰЩСվ˵Ҫλʿѵô⼸һֱѵСҲ֪²վܿЧġ  
Խ˵Խͣһ¶ӡ
׼ȥɣ
˭֪֪һĶģһʿվûվ࣬мӳȥʱ䣬ˣšˣЩȥ֮Ļ
ڵӪĽʿȺ˼ֱǲĿ
Ƕ׼ɿһĻҲúգʵҪǻ̫ЩˣǲЩ˵ڻңʵҲѡ
һԵպ̩ɫãСգʵ̫Щȹ΢ůЩٹ
̬ȣǿˣһǺϡࡣ
ޱ䣿ҿǸþýڣǵ˴ˣѵǻ˵䣬ǵůٴ̣ѵǻ˵ǰѵǵѵ̣


 21 

պ̩֮ӸλΪ˴кܴĹϵһ㣬ƤʱϵЦⲻֻǣС˵ǣġ
汾µģֻ˰Ͳɢһɢͳϰߣ֮ڣץзΧʹǰѾǺ˲١
ֻӽԺһÿնӪһͬ
պֱ̩˵á
ʵС⻰Ҳ˵˵ѣ档
죬춼ھӪ֮УѩԽԽԽԽ䣬ԭٽʿԹɼŶӶˣüë۽ë˱ԼٽҲ󣬵Ҳû˵
ֻ侳ܸܵ˵Ĳס
֮ǰӸʿ
Լȥ֮ҲһŨŨļ׼Ъµʱ򣬴󸣽ɵˡ
󸣽ˣ϶컻ɹѣֱȥΡ
˵Ҳɣǡ֮йһɹŵλɹʢʱŬ಻̬ȼΪţŬһŭֱ֮ӽΡ
ɹļɹŻһĵλ˵飬δܽ˺ЩԵõġ
󸣽ߵı·ӡ
ȻǸ޿СѾͷһ䣬Ǵܸտɻã
λǴ󸣽ߵˣܿأԶԴ󸣽¶ֻ֪ЦŵСշģܸѾõĲˣǽյ飬ҪСտЦ
⵹޷СҼҰЩǳ¡Цֳš
ɹУɹҲ˵ټд󸣽Ĵ㣬˵һʧ
˵ڶϣɹװĶֱȥ
εĽʿǰҲû죬λСֵֻЩƫСҲû룬Ȼ󸣽ڴ󺹸ǰ飬ȥͶǵÿЩǳʲô¶˭𡣡
ͷǡ
תһСȥˣǴ󸣽ŵˣֱӽ˰øηſڡ
ﳱʪ͸Ѫζʵ⡣
쿴Ųڲݵϰøƺøȴǰݶˣϵģ˲˵ʵںѽ뱴뵽һ
ηű򿪣øŻͷһۣǣ˭أû뵽ʱҰøû뵽
۳࣬øֵܳò񣬰ø񳤵Ŭ࣬࣬ǿ׳һЩֵܶ񰢰ͺһЩòʮֳڣ佫ȴš
ǰŬ˵еĶоͶã֮Ƕ򣬿ϧøҪЩ
İø⻰ʲôƵģĵֵָ˼һʡ
ŬĻȷû˵ø񵫿òһ㣬˵ܵվһˡ
ⲻȻø˲٣Ծһ⣬ɷϵѲ֪೤ʱûϴˣãлƵġ
ŶˣøҲûʲôɫʲôôģ
˵ԼܵǼƵġ
ǸʲôƢҲúƽϣֻʣֵʱ磬˵Щʱʱֻܳ˵λˣ߲ˣת徵ء
֮ڻû㣬ۣһֱҲǸ¶ܱ֤ȥ֮ʵʵģ£һͶ취ȥġ
˭֪⻰û£øƿڴˣ죬Сӣ㻹ûеģԵĺãιȥأСͷôﱨתͶ̫ȥأ
֪֪ûģҲܺһҵﱨ𡭡
Խ˵Խһ±ļơ
һ·С±Ƽˣɱøɤһʲôˣ磬Сǽҵûˣ
øҪƢģ⻰׻û˵һƨڲݵϣǲعңסͦõģ̫
ҿɰѳ˵ǰͷǻ̫һӰҹһȥҪɱ˻̫
ǻͶࡣ
ĬˣԼһǲǸѡ
øһӻôãƽ˵˶ûУò״ˣȻҪһΪ죬죬С۵ľ㣬㵫еģﱨǲǻ̫˵˼ģԼʲôʲô
ֻԼĻѹסԽҲ
Ҳûʲô˵ģСЩɣ
ϣתߣڲԶĽʿæǰš
ɽŰøʵ̫󣬽ԶĽʿҲˣȻǸСͷͷһŶ㲻ɹģʲô
򰢼ø⣬һ͹˰øһˡ


 22 £ģ

֪øҪ¶ģû뵽ʱ򣬹İøһԲڿЦƵģоԼѶﰢͺĳͷ
ǰĽʿŵ֪˵
ǶЦŵҸǼүˣû¶ҪλСҹתתƣҡһûĵΣҲ֪ɹŵĵʲô֡  
⻰˵ҪţǾǸɵˡ
Ϊ׵Ľʿͷͷһ㵱ͷܽǴ󺹸󸣽ӣ㵱Լ˭ΪɹŵĲ԰ӣ߾ߣ
ҾͿ㲻Ծǹģߣߣ
˵ţǲɷ˵ץŶ֣ͷקĩˣͷŰøСĪҪ֣ͽ˴ȥ
ŤͷŰøԭΪ˵Щʲô֤Լûѣû뵽øʼվڲݵϿţʲôûС
Ӳʹ졪Ⱒø治Ǹ
һ·ϣûû˵޷Ǿʲôɮ濴棬ֵˣܸ޹⣬Ŵ󸣽Ҳ޹⣬Сһ֮Ļ
ʹɱһ˹ȥ
Ǯʹĥ⻰Ǵӹ񲻱
ԭʿͷͷǼģɵϽӵķЩԥ
ɷһϣֵڼְأֱն
첻ϣִ󣬻̫ͶɣһǰЩˣС粻ŵĻԲʿ󸣽СŲңѵ󸣽ҲŲ
⵹Ǹȫ⡣
ʿͷͷⷨӺ٣һ㶼ԼˮɱŶԹε̬ȣȴԼʣ֮ǰĵȷȷǽҪͶ˭֪ǲ㣬ôȥܸǰһϡ
˼ǻǺȫģϵģǴЪֻȥʡ
ǸŴܸһģشܸʶġ
ͷ󸣽ȻȥʴܸΪʡ 
ʵҲڵǣʱ̫¶ֵ̫ǰνֻ´󸣽Ǳ߲ý󸣽ǻ̫ӣȴǻ̫ΨһŮˡ
ڽʿͷͷһȥ̲סţ´Ӧǲ֪ģǸʵ۵ģֱȥô죿
ֻร
ſڣǹȻûв´̫Ȼͷ
󣬽ʿͷͷҲ߶Żֱ̫˵ܸ
͢ƵģŮ֮ɭϣԴƫǡ
鲻ãҹҹڴ϶Ƿȥ˯ţɫûЪ¡
һȥͿͷһƬϡ
Ŀӣһ㶡
ΪԼˣɹѵӲǴ󺹵ʮ
æʹ˸ɫ
ʿͷͷһɨʢˣڱ˸ģĵģСļܸôʵðǰմ󺹷Ը˵Ҫ̽صɹҪϵȷ˹ȴǹģܸһǲˡ
ЩλСΪⷬˡ
ǲԸ£λСնŮ۰úܣҲʮȣǲҲǵͷԣ˾Ǹһʢģð֮¡
ʿͷͷǾЩģմ󺹾ԸǰøиʲôʧΨʡ
Ǹʸ񣬴˽ʲô֣Ҳöͷи
Ź·ϣͶ߶߶˵һ·޷ʶʲô֣мˡô࣬š
һۣʮֲ
Цһڳô㲻𣿴ϵܹңǾû¶ɣǣһɹĸ۸ɣ
⻰һʿͷͷæֻˡ²޴С
޴ģ˵ѯʣɴҹĴǰҿ㵹ǵ󡣡һԲཱུϵҲмŭҲȥʴ󺹣ǲһܵεĽʿˣˣһЩȥˣ˰ۣ
⡭ʿͷͷ˵ֻһⲻǡ
վ󣬼ӣͷģе˼
λСͦģ֪ԼԲˣȷˡ
󣬶ȫˡ
ȥ֮ŽյλǾľս̫һأ֮±֣ǰԼ鶼ǰ
һ磬ȥܵлʱû뵽͹ˡ
Ҳһҹû˯ãѩµ̫ţõƽϢ˯£ȴϵøһˡ


 23 

ŰøΪǻǣԹǣ㵽׵ܵܣѵҪһصȥʲôô
ﱨѵǾͲѵ̫һТ˳  
û˵
Сʱ䶼ǵãзԼϣоǡоԼһƬι˹ȻԸǾͷţ˵⹥Ҳȥˣﶼȫ
Ҳģܱȶǿ
ֵ˵Żһͷȥ
ֱȥ˾Ӫ˵ԼЩ¶ȥҪ׿ܵл
ȥȻҪȥݼ󸣽յ鶼˳ˣȻøִԲǾҪúͷţܱȶá
󸣽ţҲ̾˿˵ʵڵģøҲ֪ģͻ˵ȻһƬТģҲţҲˣҲˡҵãСŸ󣬸˵ǼģǸжֻ¸λö
˵Լã󸣽¶ɵЦ춯͵¶ˣû뵽оա
ҲǳסŻһõ緹ȴʲôû˵ȥɣ
Ӧһȥˡ
ס䣬ȥʱ￴飬Ŷ⣬ȴЦʱƼСմɹѣһΪԼˣû뵽ϸһ㣬ҪǱˣҿɲ㡣
ʱ֪ʲô飬Ҳ֪ǷŽ㣬ֻռŶĵģֻ˿϶ǻˡ
Цŵлһ䣬Ϊδܸû¸ߴ󸣽
ΪҪҽ㣿ҽ㲻֪£˵ˣǺ㣿ֻȻ۾籦ʯһҰ㣬֮㲻ᡣ
ɹĺ
Ȼллĩ˸һմܸһܡ
ˣȴЦȫޡ
ߵŮ⣬ǺαأСմæΪβ˵
ҡҡͷĬˡ
ʵ⼸鲻òȫΪǸҪ޵ⲿһԭǽ̫뽫޸çŶ̩
ʢʱ˼ˣҲ׸Сû뵽ûգ̫⡪Ҫ޸çŶ̩
̫֪Լȣ͢볯ʣçŶ̩Ϊ׵˶ԣ̫Ҫ޸Լ󽫽ʮçŶ̩Ϊร
ʵڸżʣƩ˵̫ĸŬӭȢ˱ԼСʮİͺΪޡЩ˿Ů˲ǻŮҲǰĻˡ
ǰյʱ򣬻̫Ϊ㷢ִȻǻģֻϧΪ󸣽ϥֻһŮ̫Ů˲٣Ļûз
ңˣ̫Ѿ
çŶ̩ǰɹŵʱֻ˵֣̺һףȴƷвˣΪ˴һͷƵġȻ˱ȸΪѡķһЩ
ԸΪԼִ̫
Щ£΢΢̾˿
֪Ů˼˰æܹǶϣ˵Լ࣬ɵǽգҲǱգԸæܹа취ġ
ĵԸ⽫޹˳
******
Ĵֱȥ˾Ӫһ뽫ʿһͬԷһͬѵʿԹĻȻ˺ܶࡣ
Ͼʱȥ˺ɽתת
Ŭ֯սʱԱƽʱڼÿնҪѵģԴöȶھӪ֮С
ÿľöжģԱԣҪԺȴǺѡ
ںɽܲЩֲЩţƽĻʳҲܸЩ
תţȴպ̩ҴҸ˹Сգţ͢ġ
ˣ
ֻͷۣԬĵĵţֻԬ˼Ŷûôڿġ
ϴԬ̫ˣԺż㲻ţֱӽ졣
ԼҲãǼԼҲգ˵Ļ㣬çŶ̩˼۾۾ӲǱӵģʲôԲһ
ɻ̫ϺĻŲã
Ȱȥ󺹿ô˵


 24 

պ̩Ǹ˾˵׶ʲô˼ֻССС˴ϻۡ
Ҷ϶Ż̫һСΪ˱˶Ŀ
ʱ˵ĵģиơ
պ̩Ӧһæȥˡ
Ŷȥԭⲻ˻˵ȻСյΪˣԺŶͲ͵ˡ
ֻԼ䣬ɾ˲á
ŲһȻǺ֮ǰŵݲ࣬޷Ǿʶôɺá˵˵ȥʵЩϻ
ܿͻˣ˵˵ȥҲЩϻ
ԭԬӡ󲻴ģԬ㣬ʵҲ⣬ϾΪΪ͢ԼΪ
дˣվҪ͹ȥ̫˿
̫ɲԸ⿴
ʾ⣬ϾϿԽʱ͵Ԭϣ֪ûб˶
̫ʱҲæúܣ뼸Ѿӣʮ¶ʣеļλçŶ̩аж򣬻мöʣжȥˣȴûж졣
ǴƵĳӣδȣԻ̫谲һԼغ󷽣£ŵľǴơ
һϢæȥ˻̫鷿
ؽ̫æúܣæĹŵ飬æ̸͢飬æų飬ŶϢǳռ˼Ҫ˴Ŷ鷿
鷿ǰŬദĵط첻֪˶ٴΣ۾߹ȥҪȥԼȥˡ
鷿ſʱֻŻ̫ʢŭѾдȥɹţܾʢҿç˹󣬲͵ԽԽˣ
֣̲ܵסͣ£̫˵Щʲô
˵ܶж
ͷȰ˼ʲô
̫ջ𣬡˵ĺɹŵĸ񣬿ɹǿǣɹŵĸ޸ǽĴգǸˣ󸣽ҲǵģΪβԸ⣿Ǵŵҵĺ£
üͷһ壬ʶ²򵥡
ܱСһ꣬ʮңɷλգСҲʮ̫ȻһŴŵҵĺ£
̫˼ڱصá
ͨʱͻ̫ദҲĥŵ̫˼ΪԸԼ顣
£ôӳ顣
ߵ鷿ſڣֹ̫ס˻ͷһתأ
캰һ󺹡Цݣæ𣿡
æ̫̬ѹЦҿ¶
ɫ󺹣Ҳȥʡ
ɫʮࡣ
̫ɷµģЦЦ죬֪Լ˵ʲô𣿡
ͷ֪
̫ӡһֱǸӵܣŸ۷ɻιƵĺӡȻ춮˲٣˭֪ǲǾúأ
ۣ˴սǵһγֻʤܰܣտ֪ġ
ʮҪ̣ʲô
Ŭ֮ǰƶս룬Ͼ͢ǸˣʱҲã͢ϵһܺãỵ̈͢ʾҪţȴ˭
֮ǰһỤ̆͢ץ˳ǧ˵ķ²볯ʽԹЩ²ʹдŵлȴһοսֲͽ
̲ˡ
ɫģ֪Ź綼ʮʱ͸Ÿ½еһεģ󺹣ȥɣ
ұ֤鷳ҲһúñԼģκ©ҲԶӱƵģҲڵġ
һижƽС䣬ǴԹһζϣףʲôʱ˶Ʋ㡣
ֻõóֵĶ˲Ż߿һۣ㵱ɸˡ
̫ԼҲǶ;͸Ÿο͢ѱҲ˲ϳʣսգ͵ͷǵʱɲҪΪɻǵĴ¡
˵ǡ
̫ŽȥҲǺ£ʢȫһ
ǻ̫Ҳ˼
ǾҪԽʿԸ쵽ʱҲ̶á
콫Щӷ鶼˳
̫⣬óȥһǸ֮ţ˱ڳսʵм˶졣
çŶ̩Ϊ׵Ĵǲˣ֮϶ֻš󺹿ɱһë޵ĻΪǺģʱиʲôʧ˭ģ
ҲԷԣû˵ôֱӣȴҲǲô˼Ķʲô¶
̫ȴһ¾ʹİ塣
ڼҪ׼кܶ࣬ݡʿȱһɣҪ콫ʿʿǣǰǵڼ帣ˡ
Լû̵ľ飬ȡȡڴ֮ǰȥݼ˴󸣽ֱ֮ȥ˴ܡ
Ǻ֮λȴ󣬶Ż̫󸣽ִ飬֪ģ
Եڿϡһƣ̬ĴܣѼ˶ǲȥ
Ǹˣ˼ˡ 
ˣŵȥ鷿˵Ҫ޸գǼ磬СҲʮˣ޸˭ʡôֻѾ֪£ʲô𣿡
ЩΪδܻᵹڴ󸣽޵ôˡ
ˣ̫ΪԸ´󸣽ƴ֮λҪֻҲѵûػ̫ת⡣
ʲôƫƫʲô˵Ǹܣò˸˵ˣֻ˵ʲôãҡҲ֪뽫Ҽ޸çŶ̩ҲԸ⣬ҲԸҵ֡
֪Ѵ
̫Ȣ󸣽ʱ޵ģ˻̫˸ӣӽҲĸ
κεʱɹǿŬ˸ڣ˵ĸԼΪ檣ʱ򣬺ĸҲһֱڵģﲻڶ֪˶ĸӴ򱧲ƽ
֪󸣽Щ˶ٿ࣬ĸȥ󣬸ǽϣ֪ô˫۾ţһ˿һи
˲ǶĶӣòУһȴ˸Ů
Ҳ֪󸣽ĲףǰﰢͺʱͷϱǺƣ󸣽ӸλһҲǺܲףҶԴ󺹵˽⣬Ҫ󺹸ı⣬ʵǲף²ɣֻ´çŶ̩Ǳ֡
ֻǣƵһΣƶƵڶ𣿡
̫˽̫֪̫Ϊ£治ãõİ취ǽף׾ҲǱǵ׾죬˼ȥֻܴϱֶŮˡ
£˳һ㲻ʮ塣


 25 

ܲ˽ԼλֻΪԼ͵̫ĻġçŶ̩³çȴ飬ʲô˵ʲô˼Ϊ߼รû˵λո岻ãûӣʱ򻹲Ǵϵոλã
ôһ˵ܺеˡ
ǰɹŵʱʱ򲢲࣬ʱǱϲǣɸȴ˵üΣֱ˵λǸ˼ģǸġ
ɾ㣬Žǿ󣬸罫ŮҲ˹
ܿЦһһһɣ
Ҳֻˡ
ȴһð취˵˼䣬˵Ĵǰһֻ죬Ǵ
ɹŮӴ඼ˬʵģģʢһ˵ĻƵģѵһչЦա
Ц۾ģҲЦңȻҲ㣬ҶǸ֪ͼġ
ˣ¶³ˡ
ļգνǼɹġ
ǰǹܻԼģǼ͵ŮֵŴ󸣽̫һλรǴ󸣽ţСС͵Ҫִˡ
ԹŮ˶ﶼϲǷǵģԭ֥С£һʮʮپʹ˴ܸŴ󸣽ĳ谮ΪŮȱУִ˻̫Ĳร
Щ˽ңȴû˭ڻ̫ʹ󸣽ǰ
˶֪󸣽ôܸǸ齾ݣΪģ֮ʢΪиɩԱ˹
󸣽ЩΪĲΪִ̫ľƣû뵽ôһɴܵԼã󸣽ʱδ󸣽ãѵ֮Ͳ֮
Щţֻλܸǲò࣬˹˹ĵģû뵽żհͰֵô

ЩģÿŽʿһѵټϴսڼһʿǶΣУѵǸȻǽܴ
ѵϻȥ̫鷿ս
ʼȥʱ˵ЩսεɵӣɽģҲЩŵ
˵հĳʷֱӴѼ̽ݣ;òףʵ䲻ôȴ͢ϵʮҪãһԮǿ׽
֪֪ɶȴû˵ﻹеģ˵䲻ģ̵ʱͶû˵ķݶ
ԼҪѧĶܶࡣ
Ȼ˻һçŶ̩˲ͬļ⣬ǡʮ
ССȸԾһѡ
Цһ͢͢λʵ岻ãϲʲôˮϷ͢콻κĸαع˼ǣ
ԼסˣԮֻҲϸһ˼˼ˡ
СŬߣ֪̲ǹ⿿һ֪֪˲ܰսʤ
ң͢Ӧģ͢һЩϢ֪ʮ
Ϣ̫׵ܼܵöʣû֪Ҳˣһ֪ͶһΣա
̫Ƭֻ̣çŶ̩ĻҲеһһ͢ȴòҿ·һ·ռݣһ·ֱ͢Ԯϳ
ʱ򲻹͢ԮҲãҲգֱӶ˳·
͢ǶϢ󣬱ҴԮȻȵʣʱ͢ԮפֱɱȥǺм֮
͢ҲôɵʱΪ˰ﳯ˺ġ
⣬û˷ԡ
̫ԸԸȴĹ֮˵˼ܣ˼ȫ͢Ԯܶ࣬Ҵɼöʣֵȥ
콫ʿȥ͢ԮӦǴ´ġ
˻һɫˡ
çŶ̩Ǿ㵣ǵģʣµĶ켸ȸԾ
ʵ̫˼ԣ˴ι̽ȡʤȻˣüܵ֡
ȿڣ󺹣򲻿ɰδ̹öʴǰȥ̣ȴδʵǲġ  
öһĸֵͬܣǵĸױĽֵܾ֮͸Ŭߡ
˭ֵ˭ۣ
ǽͶֿһ˸żöʣֻ½ŵһľǶ
̫Цһˣĵܼܵö񶼶ʮˣǰ͵ʱ򣬲֪˶ٳʤ̡
ҪһֱԶܶԴ̵ġңԼ˵ˣսʤֺ뵣ģ
öʴǰ̣ÿζǸڰƨɺ棬ʰĶʰ࣬Լܵȥ¶ȥһޣҲǴ˸ʤ̡
öһҲսҵɱУ컹΢õ㣬С㣬ʮˣζŴʤ̣æ磬ȥɣңһ㶪
£ٲ˵ʲô
һۣ˵ϽЦ⡣
ˣ¾öˣ³ʼ
ʱҲ磬̫ǻȥЪţȴçŶ̩һˡ
һ¶;е㲻ԣһ뿪ĶŲԣֱ˵Լжˣ˻
Ż̫뼸λ£ź˶ȥѩڵģһèվ£Ҳû˷֡
մչȥ̫֪㲢Ů֮£ɸܹۡҪмŮ̷ģҪսʲô壿
ܵȷСɿƶ߲ԭŮһģΪڣʮòȹ꣬Ǹӣ
ɴҲ̫С˰ɣçŶ̩³ç³çҲǸ/ޣĴŮȴܴϼ꣬˰ɣ
̫ȰҲ˵ҪϾͽӭȢţٵϼҲδɣȶ
˴գֻçŶ̩˻̫Ļˣ̫С˵Ȣϱ֪ĻΪŮˣҿɲøһڡ
˶٣ǵҲ̫˵㣬ָǸʲôɫˣҿɲҪԸָ˭ָ˭ɣ 
䲻ŮһðԣȴҲ˵ܵĴʵλɹĸ̫ѵ˲֪˲ĵز
⣬ŷ뿪çŶ̩ǸִˣԸ⣬̫Ҳһа취Ȣ£ţˮǿţ
ǻ̫£ֻһʱҲѰʵѡ
******
ʮ³һ̫ŽλգŰ콫ʿƺƵʡ
֮ǰǴѩ׷ףȴʿ
ϵĶһףӢ˧ϵЦôסˣ̲סЦŴȤ˵ģ֪ȥ̣֪ĻΪҪȥˣ
Ҽʹ󸣽ߵĴܸϵʮҪãôϲأ


 26 

ɨһۣûעǣæѹ磬Ϲ˵ʲôܻǸСˣ
԰ͺȥø񱻹ֵ֮֮Ĺϵ޼䡣
ЦһҲʣôżʲôѵأŴ󸣽ǰеʱ򣬴ŴܸҿüȥģŶʼ䡭
̫󸣽źŮǰΪӢǼУǽĹء
ҲܿŮݵ£Ů˺Ҳûõȥ
ŽžܶһۣŽ飬ϬЦһЦԼͳüȥģ
ֻöеľҽúÿ۾磬ɱ˵ҪǽçŶֻ̩Ϊҹˣ
ûв͸ǽ̫뽫ܼ޸çŶ̩ӶﵽçŶ̩Ϣ˲֪˲çŶ̩һ̫ʹ֣ܵ۾޲ܷ׺ݵ̹
çŶ̩ôϲ̫ǰӵ̫λǱѡ
Ż̫ԼӣȻǲ
ϢǶųȥġ
˰ﵽͷ͵çŶ̩ڻ̫˵֮˿ڣ˼ȥǰȥ
ӣ̫ȥǿȴܼ޸çŶ̩çŶ̩ҲԸȢΪ޵ġ
Ϊ϶
ˣá
ǰһۣçŶ̩һԶԶǰͷȻǲ̫Ϊ顣
˿ǲ̫
̫ŰԺͷϲŭ
ЦһʲôçŶ̩һϲ㣬ֺαںĿϲܣֻ󺹿ڣͲȢΪޣͲܺ˩һ𣡡  
ʵǲԸܵȢΪ޵ģˣǶ˻̫ˣ
Щӱ˲٣ʵҲ˲١
Ŭѧϰôһø磬ȥѶ쵱һˣԶĵܵܡ
ʮϡܣȢΪޣ
ԶҪ
죺
һ紵ѩ絶ƵĹڶϣǳ侲磬ҲϲܣҸΪ󺹵ӣһӱƿء
οܵ׾ͺá
Թ缴Ӣڣƶ߲ԭŮ࣬ʹûдܣֻҲбˣ¶˹ء
ȴöֲ̫࣬ʮɣˡ
ʿһ·߸裬ʿĳʢ
ʢǽ׶·Ǻߣʢʷȥ·ԽԽߣʿǸ߰ʿҲ
һո·;УҲ˶
ǰĶûԹ࣬ĽۣⲻվȾ˶ÿͬͬסֱ˵˼ֻҲҪġ
ҲͰˣƫƫϰӪկ֮󣬶ڴϣֻýĵһҹ˯ãϺòײҩ࣬һҹ΢Щ˵ڶ֮ܶһġ
·ϵĻʳҲǼΪªΪ˸·Լʱ䣬ԸΪ˵ǸʵЩαͽϲܳЩȺʳ
ǿЩɿԳԣɳʱЩЩܲˡ
۵ܵܣеʱ;ϰռЩʳ㣬컹Ǿһղһգۿɼ
о̣ʵڱȶмѶˡ
ЩΪоĽʿ𾴣ⶼƴġ
Ȱȥ˵ʲô󲡳ɶȴǲԸ⡣
һգ̫ˡ
ʱڴϸԼĽŲҩ˵ǴϣʵϾֻǽӲݿڵ£һ˯ãÿûţû뵽һһֻ˵ȸ
״æվ󺹡
̫ڰ֣ɣֵ֮αضҼ⼸վ̫ãǲˣ
ͷһŶ˿ڣ׵ͷƵģСûԹ࣬ճսֻӦˣŶҹˣ˵ҪҹȰȰ㣬󲡳ҪȻȥʢ
Ѿȷܾû뵽ȥ˾ȱæ󺹣µģо̲㣿ܵˣΪʲôܲˣ
˶٣ҵĽţû¶ߵһȥⱲӶ᲻ĵġ
⻰˵̫ˡ
̫ЦˣȻ˵Ҿͷˡ
ʵеʱͦĽֵ֮ĸ飬ͶͼöҲ㣬ҼǣͲԼҲиһĸֵͬܡ
һЦҲһġ
⻰˵ģʵԼЩģ²òͷ˵Ļֲٵʲô
ŮֱˬЩλȨصĸǲмģ⻰˵ģ̫ǵһȻܸܡ
Ķļ򣬡û㡣
룬ֵʮһˣСʱʦѧϰ飬񸸺󣬲ʦǹˣǽ͢ѧ֮ʿȷ֮٣˼ȥöΪˡѧʶ̷һһģ㲻ѧѧ֪Σ
˾ʹͷˣǺκ붫Ķӣ컹úһ˾ˡ
ŬȥĺκֵܵʦκȢ˶ҲǶĽˣ˲Ÿ߰˶Ǻܺõѡȴͺˡ
ԭܼ򵥣Ǻκ˰ͺû˵ʲôﻹǼǳġ
Źκͷģ˶ʮΪ죬ʤ˳Ŭ࣬һ˴һǸ溺ӣĶӣԼ
һھʹӦ
̫ԭΪ᲻Ը⣬ϾԼԼʦ˵ȥһܺ¶
ʹöڶϾͼԼʦ񣬿űԼһءʮĶϵĶרʾ𾴣һЦǶ񣬴ǰҺû㡣
Ųо̵ĽʿǾʦһЩǰʮ˼ɽˮڹⳤ󣬼Ļ᲻࣬ټССûʲôӡġ
Զ컹ͦӡģÿᣬλСҪôŬϣҪôŬࡣ
ĸǵӢʹƵã޳ȥŮóȥˮңÿλòǰ
조Ŷһ˵СǸŵӢ߳ģһֱϲ㣿
ӢŬĴӣǴƵ׸磬˵Ҫôֻºλľˡ
ҲǹŬϥ󳼹ϵųȨҪɱ󳼺Щֵܣ¼ţŬྯὫӴ
Ҳ̳˵ģû㱾£ŬҲôȨ
ϵЦݲǣСʱҰ̣岢̫ãұʱŴ˾ˡ
쿴ֻû̫ѡе˼СĴ˾Ӣ󣬰˵ϵǳӢ󣬶ûƵģѵ̫ڰʾԼһ³Թ


 27 

ǰȰ򣬵̫óگǳԸŬ֣֮ɽտƺô򵥡
е˼
̫λòȹ̣ҪԼˣԼǾ仰û̫ԼȴȷԼǷġ
еʱ򣬶ЩҲͦġ
˵ĸоΪֺøŬɱԼĶӣ̫ΪֺŬཫĸΪ檡˵ЩΪ˳ɴ²СڣҪ˵Щ˼ֱǺԡ
Ŷ췢ʵʮôˣ
û¶켷Ц
ΪҪ·ûʱѧԶÿѧϰһʱ񺮶µģҹﳤѧϰʱ仹Ǻܳġ
Ŷѧգ춮˺ܶ࣬ǿдֻҪԶһЩͺãҪľǴ̣رǲбӢǰڽǡս񡱣ʦӢҲͦġ
˵Ǵõľ˵û٣Ӽʱ͸Ӣ̫Եȴǰһ׮׮Ӣʤ̱ɹ½
̾ѣֻԼ̫ˣûܼԼλ磬ʵǿϧ
ҪĻʵ۽ʿʣŽԣⶼ͢ͳ޷󼰵ĸ߶ȡ
˶ÿǰ·ѧϰʱ䵹Ҳúܿ죬תۼ͵˰ʱ
͢볯ʲǵĶ͢ɳдפɽ
е˼ɽλɶ볯ʵŦͨҪѹѡطȻǲԸΪ̫
̫֮ǰܵܣ̲סֽɽطôùѹ˴͢ɳë͢һ󽫣ҪСġ
ö˧ǻѪģ󺹷ģҵһ
ȴʮֵģ²ģöΪ˧вͻȫûʱ̫ɲưոݡ
ȥսɽ̫ûдӦԾǾ仰С
̫ļöʵļ磬˺ƺƵˡ
ֻʣ¼ö졢ˣѹѹĽʿθⳡֻʤ
Ͷ򲻺ÿͨͬסһָСĸоֻܲԸöҲ£
˶һëǾǿԴرǷ⽨ЩȨƵˣ͸Դˡ
۳űƽɽöרᣬֱ˵ҪӲ̸͢͢˴Ԯʣֻ̽²ûжˣһˣѲһɽ
Լڰߴ̣Լ͸簢һͦģ˵Ļᡣ
һۣﶼΪͬ
ǰҲǸŬߴ̵ģСС;¶УͲЩˮ֣ŬΪ̧ٶӣ˵ġ
ȿڣӲ˵ӲӲǲûʤ㣬ɾĴӮˣֻҲɱһǧ˰٣֮͢ûɶԮƾԪˣһٽ¡
Ǽ֪Щӻ̫͢ں̸̸̸ȥû
ͷæȥҲã͢к´ڣһǽ´Ҳˣȥ
ҿ»Ǵӳĺãܼٽʿˡ
Ӫдʱ䳤ˣԭһ־ͳѪˣ޶СţҪЩȥ޻أ֪Ҫжѹ
⻰˵ļö۾һһģͲƿڴ̫ⲻ
˵Ҫ˧˭ֵ֪һģͬһӣ˶һʲôʤ㣿ʱ壬ӣ
죬ǰ²ôôûʤ㡣
öԸȴҲǸçײûӵģֻȡòôȡֻ˵ļ򵥣ô򵥣
ǰûкë֣ȴ˵˵ģⷽ
룬һʱ벻취
ֻһյʱ䣬Ҷ취
ÿкͻ̫ģҲһյĹ⾰̫ᵽѼ̽׼ʼˡ
ԣǵ͢Ԯ֮ǡ
˵⣬ʲôŻݰڽʿķҩⶼǰ취ڼöʵ˵⻹Ǹ׳нĺð취ȴúݲģϾֵݽЩʿҲмпڵģǻˡ
˼ڤһգһð취
Ҫ̣϶ÿʿսģƥĲ֮ҩˣ͢Ԯǲսܣ
ö⻰ϵĳ֮Ա취Ҳܽа취֪ǰʵȴѶȡ
һĸߴҪ͢ľӪвףʱ򣬱ǵĽʿлͽ
ǵսƻëʱ׽
еʵսġ
Ƕһ죬ȻҲ뵽ЩҪǰˣ
Ҫ֮жֽţ¶ֻɼȥĸ֮ˣ̽͢ӿǰӪկδλỳʲôˣҺһȥˡ
ʵĳԶһ·˺ܶϢΪ䣬Ϊ͢Ĺⲻ㣬͢ĽʿǶԲůģЩˣԽûвҲ͢ʿȹⳡ
ڿѡ£˵ġ
죬ǲû˯ѣ˵λöԽôŶǸѡСΪʲôʲô֪͸һȰȰ̫Сͻȥģⳡ̲ѴҪǳʲô¶Ҫһȥ֮ô
Ϊ̶һСյⳡ̴ӮˣҲǶˣ
ҲǳԷԣɣ죬ʵ̫Σˣ㲻ȥ
ڶӵǿеģɶȴõѡǲ˵ʻȥ˻ɣʱʲô鷳ǾͲˡ
ȥûöʺʹʿһмڸЩаŴˡ
˧ҲòӣֻҪɣ㻹Ǹյʱ䣬ǵʱⷨӲɣٴ򣬴֮ǰҲˣ͢ԮͻãһҪȥ֧ԮʣٴҲ١
öһͷû˵
ǿ˼Ҫܾ͹ܣǲܵģҪܴ¶ǾãҪǴãҾҪӲˣ
ҲϾŮһǴ̼ȻܿʵǾͲƴ 
Ҫ˽ϵ˭ᳯվʹ㶯
¶Ŷġ
ֺͷ֪϶ȥɽⲢûб̫ϣǹؼʱɽɭϣ͢ԮɴɱһǧɷŹһּǲ׷Źκһ֮ˡ


 28 

˼ɼ˵ĽʿǰȥɹãʧҲ£һԡ
˵ˣǰȥɽǵ⼸Ҫ׼
쿴һʿ˸ֵģһ¶棬Ϻ޲þдˡǽˡ֣ա
Ҳʮ꣬ȻͷߣȴֻǸСӣŴ˶ﰢͺòſʣͽ˴󲢲һ
ҲﰢͺģСźǶһһģҲĽˡ
ڽʿжóģмѡһõģ˵ģ
Ǽٰɴ͢ȥĲˣɽλҽӣҽ֪жĽȥ
װɴ˼ҵòүͯǸǳ淭룬ɶȥú񻹲Щʲôԣһ֡
ھӪ֮ҲеĳЩǽʿǵļҾ죬żʿҩǿС 
ѡ˸Ժõĳš
ˣ¶ܶˡ
ˣºڷʱˣ֮ǰһţҪ򲻱ص
ʵ϶ڽѾɳȥһҲûţϾ۷ҲҪʹġ
˼Ƿǳܵģҹﻹרĵ͢볯ʱ߽磬Ÿȥɽ
֮ǰҪ׼͢ѣλָǰ͢͸磬˭˶ġ
䣬ͷ϶źձñˣǵıͷû¶ڡ
ǵɽʱѾǰ˸ջס¡
ֻúִ̼ȴҷɾ裬Ҫȥëפƽںδݡ
ĶڴϣϱԲЩۣ֬ǲ԰ײ԰׵ģǵ첡Ƶġ
ҲҺһ·̫Ӧ˲٣ҪȻװ˵ӡ 
ʼʱǺܲӦһһҹģ潫ԼұյɲһȥүЩ۳ͶٵģúòѾҪջƹЩЩʳʱүЩ
ǸģҪƹЩƶҩ
ѵñһ٣ʹʹϴ˸ˮ裬ԼѶѵ˫ŲҩʹϢˡ
˵ҲǳʦɳǼ˸յɽڣͱ˸סˡ
ñһңǵݾͱ¶š
ֱҡͷŮ˴Ǵ̫˵㣬΢עһ㣬Ͳô챩¶ġ
Ҳ֮УûֻëнˣרɽһˣץȥģӦǳߵģѩ·ˣȥ飬ܲ鵽Щġ
شݾߣСʧ󡣡뷨⼸Ҫȣȴھȡ
̸͢ͷëǲɱ⼸˵ġ
룬ʣëչɲרǵ˴ȥİɣ
һ󽫾һ˾Щ£ʵ̫˵㡣
̾СԽԽˣæëĵȷȷǲֹǽ⼸ʿȥô򵥣ɽѡݡ
͢飬Ҳûݺͱ͢ʵκ͵£żԮʣǳ˾ͳɣڱʳɳṩ
ôΣ£ȻԼ˲ϣɴӦҲôӦӦҲôӦ
˭֪ëɽЩʳͱӴֱǲдƷҲͰˣƫƫ£ЩԮû˹ܵҰӣԲůû˹ܵģʵڿ
ëǿƣдŸ͢ʵۿһȥʹһǿǲˡ
ҲͲɣܱѩض˺á
ŽЩһֲĸ˶죬ڱʳǴڳǽеϰո֪Ͼս·ͬСɣܲ
ʱһѻ˵оݣ͵˵оıҲûзսԵĲϵûġ
Щ㲻ɽһ龭̣ԼҼһвϴǮ
ֻõǲѹ򣬸Լúܣ辶
ʵԹҲû˭µͷ¹
Ըȥһյʱ϶Ǵģͳȥ֮ǰֽţǾ֪ˡ
µˮƽǺܲģ˵ڶѾˣǴ׼õַȥ˶ѷŲϵӡ
캮ضģûڴţȥַ֮۽ȥ
ַһֽΪҩģںɫ״ϲɫ˵ϸϸҲ
ټϽմѩϣѩڲϣʱҩ˵ʱѩˮ͸ȥʱ˵еսܶһ붼Ǻ
ʱ컹ڴ
ץ˽̽ӣɽÿնѲģջ˲鵽ƹ˵ͷסŹͣѲĹٱСЩ
ѲĹٱڴϡĶںȲﻹЩĵģһٱһѳñӣǾˡ
˭֪Щٱ͢үǴųǴ͸˵ʮֿҲŲ飬Ҳǣʲôʱһ̽Ӷߵ
֮ǰ̲ס࿴˶һۣСүҲ̫Щ
ˣ⣬ӴһԾ£öСû˵˰ɣСң
ֻü
ǸбµģǰҲûɶҪҪԺúܣֻԼ˼˲õ飬æСգʰʰ߰ɣҹζ࣬һЩ˲鵽Ǿ鷳ˡ
˵ССģɱ뻹˻ῴ
ץǵνǼһɾͰץСգʱԴҪЮǾ鷳ˡ
˭֪ȴҡҡͷɣһ뽫Ǽʿȳ
ǽĽʿһģǽȥҲ᲻⼸˵ġ
üͷһ壬Ȼǲ̫޳ɡ
ȴ⼸˸ץȥëһǵԮô쵽ӷ
ҲҩŵĹٱΣһȳܣɱһֲöԺҪ취
ֻΣգȴܲסѾ׼ֱ˵˽ӵߡ
£ȥҲȥˡ
ǰôĶѾˣһȥ˳ǽη
ǽηͶеĲ࣬ƾɲΪ̵ԵʣԭηĹٱ˲ȥǰˣֻĸˡ
װǰ·Ѵ֮ͽǼٱˡ
صļ콫ʿϵöģСˣһ˳ʻȥ
׳ѣ˵ϻżڵĽˣǲڵڶװҩĵϣʱЩӣӦҲʲô¡
ܶʱһ˥䣬ֻǾĲͲĽʿ͹ԱЩѾʼˡ
лҪ˵Ҫˣһǵһǣ֮ǰụֻ̂ǸʮСޣɳΪһսĺٺ

 29 

ⲻ֪²ǰ򵥣վѾ¶
ɽԹǱұ֮أԳϰյľԶǺܸߵģʹǣǲҲ°
ԣ⼸յǳˣһСĽúܣ۲ֹ۲졣
ⲻճ淭վҪ뿪ɽǣȥӪҲ֪ʲôʱϴˮ裬ϴͷϴ裬û뵽ȴиСˮƼǱͷ
ԭ̹״ӿģŽվˣϴʱƣСûǿˣҲø˵Ա˽ģ±
˭֪Сʲôû˵һת͸ƹģһ͸͢Ԯȥˡ
ǶʱΪԼȲʤȯⲻ֪ëѾϵɽǣؿڶˡ
˸߲ҡŷȥĶȴȫȻ֪ۻȥ֮ôڼöʸǰ԰ڣֱ˵öҲ̫СЩ
ҲܸˣԼó
λҲһЦ⣬ֱ˵ȥԼЩСô괵꣬˵˵Լж
˭֪˵ʱǰͷĳȴСգˣǰͷкöˣ
ŵˡ
ʵϳʱѲ·ѲĹٱܶ࣬ûж룬ֻΪмˡ
ÿһȻųŴѹѹĶͷϸһԭسŵĹٱһϸ飬ŴĹٱʱ屶кЩ͢ʿ硣
ӣˣ
ֻòԾһ·ǲû¶κȥˣʱҲǿһ֮ڣ˵ëôϹġ
ȴЩʱǾˣ
´ݾߣٶȲ۳ųһ㿿δ޴ʱ
Ҳˣһѽ커󣬵СգˣϺͷʿͬƴˡ
ڽиĵĹأǴʱʿΪй裬һ㶼ѪƴףñоĥҪȻǻҲǹӲдƲ
ĺӣһѪԵġ
æҡͷɲɣʮ˲ҪѪƴôƴһʤ㶼ûУұץˣһ취ҵġ
Ͷ֮ĬеģֻǱץˡ뻹ͦ˵ģ͵ʴס
ô룬ȥҪ£ȹȥƣʵڲ˵
Ǵ㹻࣬ϣЩ̰Ƶġ
˳ſڣϰ˳ԣÿ˶Ҫ̲飬˵̲ģҪȥϸΨһֵľҪժñӣˡõ
һûзŹڵÿ䶼Ҫ鵽ʲôĸǲŹ
ֻ֪ˡ
һҲ
Сƽƽȥ
ڶǰͼǰߣ˹ٱǰٱĵһ仰ǡñժ
Цţ͵͵ȥӣ鷳̧֡
Щ߹صĽʿ඼ԣһӾüЦ˵⼸ƳγεĽӣɫһϲӴںɰǰ˰֣ʾǸϿȥ
Ǯʹĥ˳ϲң
תʱȴԶ˸ߺһǱȺɫѵˣȵȣ
˴ĶǺɫѡ
תһθߴ룬ԼʮҵϣɫʮϾµƥԣ֪˶ǸٶСٶЦǰ֪λүкָ̣
µûӦþǴëˡ
һ·ϣʲôëû뵽ȴʤˡ
ëɨһָָۣǣñȡҿ
ͦʹģŶŶӵʱѾע⵽ˣСǾ۵ףȻҪһ
̲סи̣ҲѹֳЩһղһգЩٱʲôˣ
û˵
ëѾԾߵǰȻθߣ˵һ飬ñȡҪҶ֡
˵֮ʣĽʿѷϵ񣬲Ҫһͷ
ëԽ⼸ץȥģȻϵ˭
ĽʿһѪĺӣݱ¶֮Ǽδʳȴһײǰˣ˻ڶǰһƴļơ
̣ôǶûʤġ
鵽زҲʲôñһҿݱˣ֪ëʲôǶץȥ𣿡  

 30 

컰û£Ѿ͢ʿЩΧΧǽһˮ©ǳƵġ
ë⻰ﻹЩԾģССͣȴһԵݣʵѵá
Ǽ콫ʿķӦ˳ǸҪȻЩҲ˻
ҲӦڰ֮еģ֪ǵİ˧ǼöʡδĶ졣
öʽֹΣҲǰ˳мƣʮͣԶ϶˶ݣ
ëЦڣСչҲкʧԶӭֻҲСպö˶˵ʲôĪǳû¶ 
˻һ˽壬Ըˣץ˸Сա
³Լݲ⣬ȻռƣڻҪеģҪʲôòë˵޻˵ҪɱҪϤ㡣
˵⻰ʱﻹе£֪ëҰԼôɻеµġ
ëҲ֪Լ˴󹦣ˬһЦС⻰˵ľ̫ˣں̸Сô˵ҲҳͣȻҪͿģôҶأ
˵ţЦЦⲻ֪Цڶôôһ˵СԬԬ˹ϵʮҪãýλȥԬˣȥĽɽ˵ǲǣ
ôõĻᣬ빦ɵӶ硣
²òͷҲûӡ
ҪǰɱһѪ·޴ǰʱͱסˡ
ëʶʱ⣬תҪʿǽЩѹȥڶ죬ʿ̬Ǻܿģǽëߣˡ
ֱţǰǣߣһ˺ƺƵųȥ
ëˣ͵Сռ£ǽ˳ηҪҲ֪Ǽôҵùȥ
ֱȥͿˣʲôⲻǹ
֪ëʲôսڼʿǺϰҲ㷲˻ơСնҲغ¡
ϣ˿ԼдźʹͻȻϷŵĺ
ˣͺɣСҪ
ˣëŶɽ˺ôһȦû¶Ҫʱڿ쵽˳š
ǡʱиǰ˵Ҫ
ëɨһԼĶ죬װɲģǼⶳúģ˿ûɱֻʲô˵޷Сֲʲôˣ
һֱȴ¶º͵ЦʾͬĻ
Ͼͻ̫ദʱˣƤëѧˡ
ǽʿɨ˶һۣŵн̽ǧˣ
ë⣬ӵ˭
ǽʿֵӦʮıա
ëЦһЦʮǼöʣһɵ֣û뵽Ǹëޣѵǽ˲һһë޴ǧʿ͸ˣҪȥ޻أ
ʱЦˡ
֪ë˵ġ
콫ʿսԶ͢ʿ͢ʿפڲԶֻҪˣʣЩ͢ʿǾͬ׽
ʤ㣬ټëϣηηŵģʱʤ㶼ûˡ
ļ٣ŶһˣΪԼԣǶûˡ
ƫƫʲôˡ
Ϊ޹ϰܵǣëرճţýʿϰջݣԼŶڳſڡ
һʱ
ˡ
ڿӰһ̣ۿᣬиǰԷģԼƽȥԺһҲˡ
һ䣬磬ȥ
ǿӱޣ죬û¶ɣ
ҡҡͷ
ë˽һԣëǺңȻڽռλСգһںܵ˵ˣȥͣȻСҲˣһȥ
һıͣëǰ˿ӣҪ£ֻܽȥҿëӦûµġ 
ǰǲûë֣ÿζǴëһĶӡ
û£СѵܵܵҲأëɫҿ˵ˣǵȥãֵһ̫ʣֵΪ˵ǽĶǷλģɼǲ١
һһģƺǴ̣
е㲻Ծ
ëʲôԸɶԶ֪ģûʮİգǲġ
лҪ˵vvǰÿʱ0:00ϣܹ֧֣ĿǰϵĴн20Բϸҷ~~

 31 

, ͷĶˣŶë, ֻЩ˼, ŶռϷʱ, ΢΢һЦ, Զʾ
վһ, СĪǷˣ
ʵ϶ʱ, ڴ֮ǰ, Ѿë˳ֵ˽⣬ë˽ݣ¶ม䣬ܲҪȻɲͬë̡
ĵţȻû, ж, Ťͷһ, ԭ͢ʿĨ˲ӡ
Ҳû£ӡ֮, СֻͲ
̧ͷ˿վǰëʱ˻ͬ, ССС, ȴ̫ţȻ㲻֮飬Ҿͽܴܵȥ, ٹԱûǽСճʲôӣ
һ䣬һƬȻʿǡ
ֻϧЩ˵̫ͷʿǵûз֡
۳͢ʿһֵˣû뵽ǰľȻǼöʣ
öΪ˶Ŀմһϰմѣƽ￴̫һмֻ
ˣ̲סЦ
öʺݺݵһۣȻ˵ôЦֱӿϵӥץСƵŤͷܡ
ֻԼø绹ͦģеûмȡ
ǺҪﰡƬ̾ͱ˷ˣһë
ǰסëë޷ֻ¸Ͽȥ׷
żöʻʱΪע⣬ЯֻѾܣܵŴͺˡ
κζСҲߣܲЩʿ
ټЩ͢ʿ׽ë˺ǵķԸȻ𹭼
ӣֻܼӿ첽ʹܡ
ò׶һû뵽һܵǵսľ
öʼĲУ۳һ֧æø첲ڶ󣬶ʱֱֱ䵽첲ȥ۵ƺһ
̣Ҳ㶡
öʵսӦЩеļǳߣ
˶Ϻ󣬶żöһ·ϵ˺ţֱԾȥ
ʱ
Ǹϵ˰ɽһɽڹ֮ǰöʶһϵ㣬û˽ȡů
öʳñӣ˾һҪɱëġ
۵촽ˡ
ӶȾˣʮΣҿ˿ڰɣ
ҪûмöʵţһҪֻ󱳣ֻҲ׶༪ˡ
ʲôÿģֲǴ򣿡öʻǺʹǰһûʲôɫǶţҲûнһǸ
߷߲ƽɨ˶һۣû¶ɣ
ҡҡͷ˵ͣԲ𡣡
⻰˵ļöһ㶣Ӷ֮СƵģûκ˷񻹶Ǹʵϡ
Сӵ׻еģ
öֻԼһҲԩ˵ԲֲΪ㣬һǽ͢ЩЦһȥôͬ󺹽
Ǹ춹ģ
˵ɶ컹Ķ飬ҪúЪţԼȥڿ¶ʲô⡣
һʱ󣬶Ҳʱ
мʿ˵СˣĲ޴󰭡
ң
ֻǶڶߣǷܣǸ˵ҲȻ쵱ɿһ㡣
֪ˡ
ֱȥʼöΣ޴󰭣ǰʱڲø·Щĺá
ŻȥӪʱղڡ
֪ôһ¡
ԭһ֮󣬶ٴУæöһԲߣöӴ޲ýʮ˴ʺˣˣڲҲԼ
йô졣
Ǽ֣ɵҲһԲУҪȻûʢ
üԲߣû뵽˰̽˵ëǧཫʿֱɽԲһ֮ս
ôˣԼ̫ѵ̫޴ǶöʸֻѾڱѹȥ͢·ˡ
ϵĶҩѾˣԼĪϢ
û뵽̫Ǳߴ˺Ϣ̫˳ɹѼ̽ԼĪ͢ԮҪҪء
͢Ԯ֮Ҳڵģ˵ëʾ֧Ԯʡ
ԣ֮ǰһҪˡ
˽֮£첢ҵģܶʤ㣬СЩû
ȥӪʣԼһʱһ£Ķࡣ
һˣͼöʽŶˣһɽǲףԾ˺ܶࡣ
ֻǳʱҵģĶûϣΨϻһƿԼƽõģ͸öʡ
׸Ǿ͡Ժ˵ɣ
ɶû뵽Ӫ˺þãȴûһ˹ﰵ˼⣬ĪԼ¶ԼųȦˣ
ǰŬŵʱ򣬾۹ԼϲСӡƤ񣬴Ȼоѻ˸ˣɶ컹ǾѡƤе᳹ףŶȥҼöʡ
ȥ˼öʵӪʲãԭöʵʮأʱöΪ˻ֽ첲ϵļ˳˭֪ж˵ͷһڸ첲
ԭöû˵ģʵסˡ
Ҳͷ
ھˣŶȥʱҽһѪˮһѩˮض˳ﻹ߶šСǺ֣˵ôػŲ˵ҷҪƣֻţЩȥֻֻ첲Ҫˡ
ϰ֮Ƿֻ첲൱Ҳͷˡ
ȥɼöʸպ˰ҩЪ¡
һȥͶ϶ǺܺɸֵĿ⣬˵һ䣬ҳ
ͷĬĬȥ
Ӫ⣬ѩ׷ףѩ絶ƵĹϣ۵ġ
ɶȴǸ䣬μöˣôл
ҡ첻֪νӻ
֮ǰҾǧ£һγ̣Ƕ࿴ѧû뵽ȴǿöи̣͵Űƴɣ
ЩçŶ̩Ļ̫˶Զ첻޲ý˩ڿϣû뵽ǳˡ
קקӣ磬ôˡҪǣҪǼöʳ£ҪɱңҲ޶
㡭⻰˵ãһ˵͸ǧ㣬㸧ȴԼҪǶȪ֪֪ˣ֪жѹ
˵ţŶļ죬ҪǵãʲôʱԼҪ̣ǸʱҲߣмǲԷƱ
Ҫǵãÿһǣɰǧ˵Ҳиĸֵܣ޶ˣˣҲɢˣ
´֮ǰĽʲôԼܲܳܵ𣬱ܲܳܵóܵ£жϱĲԼмǧ˵мǣçײ
ǰģŸỤ̆һľ°콫ʿǧˡ
سʱǻһƬ˽ԵǴӢۣս
ЩʧȥӡסɷˣǵˣЩȥĽʿֵ׳꣬ǵȥᵼͥܵӰ죬Ӹļޣĸͷ汲ܵӰ졣
һ
ǰֻſЩڰվȽŸЩҵñСԼȴδ㳤Զ
ǰĶСһ㣬δ˵Щⳡ̸֮ĶԻ
֣صͷ磬ҶˣԺһΪ
΢΢ףļͷ
ֵܶ˽Ӫʣö˯ûãѹԶһٶĵǸе㲻˼ˡ
ܶ˰ɣҶÿԣüҵĺãǰҶĺõȻԲӿҪ˵ġ
öʾˡ
ѵüεҪӹҩιȣŵֱ֣䲻ֵܣȴҲֵܣôҲչһЩ㰡ǵεĽѵˡ
ͷ䱻öʾܾˣ̬ȻڵúܣǵԺҪõҵĵطֻ֪һҾ޶
Ȼ֪ܼöûʲôطõ
ڼλԺͣϵȴǰҪãǺ¡
Բһֱҹȥ
һ磬ֱӽëӪפ
˵ëʱӦŽʿڸݵ·ϣ˭֪ë׼ʱȴֺܶսˡ
н˻ɽڣǧ˹ȥսȻҲԣ˵ûץˣһһصģҲ˲·ȥúúóЩϡ
ʿǽ˹ȥĲιЩԣû뵽ϵһƬʣµĶЩС
żöŽʿϹȥʱë֪ĶһƥݶţֵγĶԱȣһ̣ͳŲ
΢ЩźܾЩЩֻòĿĸݡ
ⳡ̺Զ׼ʱëʹˡ
ëЩ˶˲ϣʾһֱˣ˵˾Ƥ
ǧƥ콫ʿ˻ȥ
ϣɺ
Ѿɱһ׼ȴû뵽߸ողſʼ͢ʿǱ߾Ѿˡ
תѳСɽƵսԭЩս͢ʿһ٣û뵽Ǳǣֻﰵëë󽫾˵һԲ
磬һĽʿҲܱһˡ
öҲûǣֻҪǷſ˳ԣܳԶپͳԶ١
ЩսųųԿųԣζƮ˺ԶԶ
ʼ⣬е㲻ɴһ뿾ôĲҲ׵ԺΪζʵǲ
öϴˣܳԿ⣬ŶֵܳԿԵĲֺ⣬ʵǿ
ǺϢϣǱҲʤ̡
Ҫ˳ǰ֮ǰ̫ԡϳַҹѲë͵ҵطȺ죬һ˵䡱ʣԭΪҪһʱ䣬񣬳ʵľʵ̫˵㡣
̫еڴô˶࣬Եö࣬Ҳⲻ˷
ڵǳѾ˱ˣϾԼʵУҲûԮǺ̸
̫дŹλСյ˼
öһ⣬ŶóԿ⣬ɫôôĽçŶ̩˼Ŵ򣬱Ͼ͢һˣһתͷ͢ûȣóʼʶʶǵ
˶öһͼʶˡ
̫˵ѯСյ˼ʵɣǶҲ˼˼档
ҲüȽϺʣϾѵãǴǰ͢ӴǽΪǵĸǸã
⻰Щ˼
öֻҪչ˵˵ͰһСỤ̷̆滹˵ЩЩͷԡ
Цŵ밡ѣ͢ΪҪԮΪǰÿ͢һѺöԼõĻ͢ţ˵ǶʵϾ͢ĸƷһ
͢ԳֲܣǽˣÿǸЩգǻûԶٿͷЩǲӦġ
˵ˣĸҶ´̣µľǽнôĹǣ
һ˵ǳ׶öͷҲ¶֮ɫ
Ǳһ͵ݡ
֮󣬰ʴ£̫ʦʢ
Ըһʣ°һ˾㹻ˡ
֮󣬶ϡ
̫ŵɽһ£ټʱѵ䣬ȥǰ˺þãСɳȥʶʶҲǺõģû뵽ȴĻ
öи̣ճûУ
֪һѵٲ˵ģͷŻ̫˵̬ʮֳϿҡ
̫ģҲ֪ĻڹԴ˼䣬㰡ǰʱԺǵö룬ò׼ʱ򣬶ĸǣǳԵαԵ׻ࡣ
ǡ
¶ҹˡ
ʮ֮󣬶ڻصʢڴڼ䣬öʵĸ첲ҲĲˣеľҽˣ˵ǲ޴󰭡
ڰǱߣǺϢϣǹռ˶ݣ֪ʧأ֣ŵóʹ͵˽ѡ
ʤ׷Ⱥռ˰ݡƽкֹͣǰӪկ
ʹҲӵ˽Ͷ͡
̫ϢЦĺϲ£죬˶ҪʹɡȥšԼΪֵ֮Ҫ󣬻Ҫһ͢
ĵһ¾һȥԼլӡ
ڳ֮ǰͽȥʼԺӡ
ýϲĹ͢ݻԺ޵ĻͦӵģԺ˼÷߽ȥһȦԵƶˡ
ȴú⣬ɺЩղһ޲ð䱦ƤڵӶǣ±˲֪ǮƵġ
ӣʮȥ
Ǹӡ
һȦȥ󸣽밲
õҪϢһͺڹſڣÿ˹źƤС磬ﴧů¯Σһ˱Ƶĺšʮ壡ʮ壡
켲߹ȥǸͷЦŵһûǳˣ
Цеģʮ壬ûиǴ
˴ˣ⻰£ӻͳС˹ټЩټⲦ˹ͷӡȸһЩСӼ˹Ȼʮϲ
Ƕɽġ
ױƵͷ壬Ҫ󸣽󸣽˼ÿҪȥˡ
Ҿ󸣽á  
һѣ֣صʱ
ԹǺ²Ż´ǧ󸣽֪㱻͢ëץߵ飬кսԼúƣ˵⺢Ҳ̫СЩôͿ
ֻϴķݶ
¶ȷĴ˭ѵ⣬ԩ
ο󸣽⻰˵ģçŶ̩ʱʹӱ˼Ϊмһ䡪Ժ㻹ʵʵʢСպˣû¶ɱϹң
󸣽ͻ̫һģ᲻˵ϸϸȥһˣ˲٣ҲЩʹǰŲһǲ֪߶㣬˵һ£ƽ
СӼҼҵıǲЩģǽĹСͼ
ԼûСѾͷԺЩȥһܹҪʹǰе㲻һĵطҪȻǰ׳ȥˣҹм˵ģҾҪȥסˣʮȥԺӡ
ȥΪΣ󸣽һ㶣ǰû
ڽûǾСӣذȥġ
Ҳȥãǰǹˣ˻ˣĴҲһǧɣ˵⣬ԺȴʱǰһӦʱ룬Ҳǹģ¶û˵ڴ󺹸ǰҲǴӦͣҲҪˡ
󸣽һС˵ģ̲סЦȥͷסСڹﳤȥסϰߣͷٸסʹӵĲô򵥣߿ŵùĹ֣
ҡҡͷ
󸣽ʣ߿ŵùĹ£
ҡҡͷ
󸣽ģʣǿй˵
Ծҡҡͷ
£󸣽̲סЦˡ㻹ôȥסʱԺϰٸ͸ÿµǮǶ٣˭סʲôѡⶼнģΪܼ򵥣
˵ţ˶٣ŶסڹֻҲӦмõˣҪǲֻܴȥʹ
Ƕ첻Ը⣬Ҳǿ
֪ܶ˶ڷɷ̫Ҳûʲôֵģѹܶʱ㣬õ˺ܶණעҲʧȥܶණġ
Цŵ仰ˣʱҿɲͬ
ˣ¶ôöˡ
ɴ󸣽ģ˵ʮţҲ˵ϣټԺӣҪ˲ٳֵģ㽫󸣽ȽãԺ͸ֺٽ˻󸣽
˭֪ʹ󸣽˵ôˡ˵ʱҪߣɲ߶ʮһ
һСѾͷŶȣһСѾͷŶȣšʮ岻Ҫߣ
޵ǽһӴ
û뵽СѾͷԼĸôǵãǰԼСѾͷܺãϲȥԵʣóԵĺܶ࣬ÿοСѾͷҪЩȥҲȱǮ
ǵһڳ㣬Ǿú棬ˣýȥһ͸񣬺ǴǸʱʼÿοϲʮʮĽиͣ
ĸƨ棬ޣҲſޡ
״ǿЦãҲΪ˺ƭ˵ԼˣֻȰģȥסˣҲᾭǵģ˵ȥס˻ЩǴóԺĺòã
ĿͣôӣɼڿޣҲż
СҲԼ󣬳ɤӴޣ޲ýƷˡ
󸣽Ȱ˼䣬ҲûޣŶֱҡͷ
ȰҲûá
ʱ̫ˣƼҲһ
̫æȥŻ̫Ĵȣɤӵ㲻Ҫʮȥסòã
̫Ƽӿ޵ôģΪʲô¶⻰תЦʮԺһֱסڹȢϱأ
ڻ̫ϲ䣬ʮ岻Ȣϱңҳ޸ʮ塣
ʵ̫ϲʮˡ
˸˵Եеʱһֺ΢ĶŴǰԼµʱû׽ŪʮֺȻ
̫ǹЦŮԴʮǵȲ㳤ˣӦ㣬Ժʲôʱʮ壬ҪòãԸ⣬˵òã
£⻰ֻŰƽкá
󸣽ȴΪͬĿ˻̫һۣ󺹣
̫˵ȻûѶ쵱ɵܵܣǵ˳ӡ
ҲףЦЦû¡
˭֪̫ȴ֪˼ֵ֮䲻˵ЩЦˣ㵱ʲôѵҪǵʮ壬컹᲻
˵ǡ֪̫еƮˣһ˳ʤ̾ԼʲôʲôʾԼ󺹵ݡ
Ҳãڴˣ»̫û¶̸ʲôֵ飬˵ҲҺԵ֣Сϲҡ
ǵøŬ໹ʱÿᣬЩСܲͷܣ˶ûӡ
̫ЦЦȻ𰸺⡣
ԭǴ緹ģɻ̫ˣ˸ڳȥû뵽ߵţȴ˴ܡ
Щûܺһ˲٣Ե忡һ˫۾ˮġ
ɹŮ죬Ҳû˼Цŵһ˺ޣӦþˣû뵽㣬Ҳֻôˣ
ЦһȻ⻰˿ޣôܸȥʲô
ϵĻƿǰɹʱ˵͢˺÷ţϲѩ÷Ҳȥ򣬿ѩ÷ǲǸÿõģҲܸСۼ
÷ʲôϡ£ô죿
ʾܻɣһӺԼͦܿģŴ綼ҪൽԼȥ˵һС
˼Ҷ˵ˣҲöʣܸСЩĺãɱȾϷ纮ˣȾϷ纮ɲǺġ
ȱҽҩģһ纮ܶȥ

 32 

Цŵл, ɻǴתȥ
ֻеֵֹģܲ, ܶҲö, ֻҪȥͷʲô顣
ʮֿ, վʹ˲Ϣ, ˵Ǵ˸С, çŶ̩ĸ岻, ֻ¿첻, պ̩ʵ˺ܶ࡭飬˵˺ܶеûġ
˱ˮ⺢еۣһ䣬ʵͷ飬ܸ顣
;еΪ, תȥ
ŶӪ, ҲŻ, ˺ܶϢ
ԭǴЩ½ݣѾ˶ΪһС, ŰԵЩ˻˵ƤɹҵġЩˡ
˵ѹԼ, ǵô󸣽, ƫƫ󸣽ճֵɽôҲѹģڣç̩Ʋ
һ, ⻰Ҳеˣ̾һ䣬˵ܸǴ󸣽Сã󸣽뽫żʢɾҪҸ˼Ҳˡ
һ᲻˵ЩģҲ̲ס̾˼䡣
֪ǴֳܹһЩ£ֻڴѹûˡ
Žôѩô죬Ż̫ˣר̱ܳȥҲСﻹǹֿġ
ŮԶҪ
̾̾ɶҲﲻ˴ʲôֻڵڶҪȥһˣ˵ʮʱ˴һȥԺơ
ԺӾͽһ˶࣬֡
ļնæپӪȥССһĽʿǶ֪ԼʣĲҲҺûʲôҪȻ壬ʵǲ˭
ֻΣе£Żܷϡ
ˣοѵϿ飬ϲ⣬Ĵ󵨵ȥҶ񣬹ʮֳʵ
أ˶æ
̫ҲæȺ£Ϊϣ齫ػϰգֻȹ̣ǲңҪȻսʤȴǺԺʧʲô壿
͵һ£֤̫Ǹܴϵˣ̸ʱ򣬶һĬˡ
һжõķչ
ɶû뵽ٽϦȴһš
ʱʱ仨ˮҪ̸ڽļҲ޻˵Ψһȴ⣬ǾԶ͢
ʵ̫Լ˼ģСȴҲһ⣬гһյ͢߾˵Ҳһ׮鷳¶ǩԼ󻼡
ʵɣԼⶫҲʮֿףһ׷οǳʹʵ˵ȥ
ʸԸŵʲô˼ǾһĿȻˡ
ԣö˶˵ĳϦ磬ͱһȺ˵ۻᣬƽɽйСҲС
çŶ̩˼·һֱ˶ϡ򣬴ĳүү̣ԼסˣͲǻ˵ġ
çŶ̩̫һѣ棬תơ
Ǵ֮ףҲǵģźӵ¶ҲɣҲɣÿξϡ  
ã˵һˣ˵˵û˵óľǴ
ڴ̣λȱһλ̫ܼܵöʵ֣
öʳҺçŶ̩һǴɣʵطСȴǸúܣҿҲغ̸ֱӹһ˰ˡ
Ƕˬˣź̸͢һҪ£һŹȥҲð£ػؼµʱûˣȴʲôʵԵĶû̸˷Ѵҵʱ䣬˷Ѵҵĸ顣
һģǼӡ
̫ɨۿֵܡ
һĲ׾Եص˶ϣҾûǺ̸ĺá
⻰û£çŶֻ̩ˣ㶮ƨëûˣԼһ̾˲ˣ
̫ǳһ䲻ԸǹԹԱ졣
ŵ̸ʾǰѳʴǽڽڰˣҪʮʮʤ㣬ɴҪķʴҲҪʱ䣬ʴˣЩʿָδɽ𣿹ǰǣֵðʱ䣡
⻰һçŶ̩Ĭˡ
˵ǵĸŬҲһ̿ˣ˭͸˭콫ʿڶ̶̼ڼӣЩսŬǵĹǵļңЩ֮жҲϣֻܿɱͷѹ
ְ취ѹסһʱȴѹסһ
³ʣҲԪˣǴʱֻ͢ǵʤûˡ
͢ҶǣüʯͷһֱڵȻᡣ
⻰һƶ̲ס컹ıԶǣ˰
⻰ǳģǶˣ»ҪЩ˵ġ
̫Ҳ̲ס΢΢ףеʲǸСΪ壬վǴӦ⻰Ҳ棬˭֪ǻ᲻ҪĲǵһ̬Ȱˡ
ڵ̬Ⱥס
ʵҲ⣬ңҪֺö㸩׳Ƴ׼ͱ棬˭Ӧ
ç̩һǾôˣ
ġ
̫ȻܾôˣÿǽĶñȵ͢Ķ
ģֻҲòˡ
çŶ̩ǲɵҲСƶ졣
ǵøʱ˵ֵܼһһ̣Ҫһͳ¹⿿ǲģµöӣСӺһﳤۣŵĶơ
ˡ
Ҳֵڣָ꣬մʤ̣̫콫ʿʮļ٣պöҲʱúϢϢҲʰʰԼԺӡ
ԺĶˣҴ󸣽˼£Ź֮ǰͽʹӲˣץʱһǿҲá
ҪסȥˣԭԺȱһҡ
дֺܺÿȴǲʣǶ˵ʦȴǳб˾Ժֵģ
˼ȥ˻̫ǰȥˡ
˵ʵڵģ̫СŬĴսְɣдҲÿҲǿϰиӣǼܲסݸߣǽˣ˭
ĺףԼȥһֵ̫̫ҹϣԼˣܼɵһҪǻ̫ҲܷĲ٣һʯ
ͦ죬뵽ͣȥһ̫ˡ
̫ʿǷ˼٣ԼҲ˼٣⼸ʱУӹΣŮˣʱЪϾŮ˵ǡ
ȥʱ򣬻̫壬˵壬ʵϾСɽϹȻ̫Լλ֮ѵУԾͿŮ֡
ȥʱŻ̫һȰֻԼʱҵԡ
̫ҲͦģСӵƢҲˣû¶ӲԼģ¶


 33 

һʯƵ, Ҫȥ档
ѩôЩ, Ҳﻵ, ƫƫ󸣽ǿĽ, ׼ȥ
Цŵѩͣ, ʮȥ, Ҫ˸, ڱܺòã  
Ȼֽкá
̫, е㲻Ǹζ
ԭȸŬʱĴ̣ϥµļӶ׽˵ĵܵܣĸ񵱳ȥʱս, ҴҸϻʱ, Ӷʶ
˵һʱ̫͸Ϲ㺢, û뵽һӾƲˣ
̫, Сǲ, æ֧
ʼԸ, Ǵ󸣽ˣǴСǰղǸ÷ȥûкòá
Щ󸣽ǣ, ǲԸߣɼŶͽ㶼ˣСæȥ
˵⡣
Ȼ̫ɫһϲԸԼдĺòãﻹеģΪ뵽ˣǽвѧ䲻࣬͢ȴЩġ
ٺһЦԳɬģҪſڵģҸۡӣ
ȻҪȥдмȥͷдôдãɺȴűˣҪдԼȥд
۽£дֺõģ˴ʵ벻ˡ
ǧƨ˭ϲû
̫⻰ʱ֮ǰǵС֮Ժ󣬡Ȼ㶼Ҹǰô˵Ҳøӡ
̫ˣҪ˱īź򣬰ʱ֮󣬶ϲ̻ȥˡ
̫ˣҲ̵ġ
ת۾͵ʮһ˺ܶˣ׸񡢴ܵһ˵ģмöʣƵҲˣçŶ̩컹˼һ£ǾԼˡ
һ촩һ£ԼԺӹһȦ⣬ȥ˴ſڡ
û뵽һ¶棬ʹŴܴ
һ㶣û뵽硣
ЦЦЦле㲻˼ϾͿʼҪЩһ컹ûңҪ㡭İɣ
˵ţҪߵŮ׼ĺ
͵һ˸ߡɺ״İʯʯɹţʮϡĶɽ͹һʯͨ͸ɫǶ˺öҲܿⲢǷƷ
ˣæƴǣⶫ̫ˣҲҪ
СտɱƴǣҴԶʯɺʢ˵ģɹţʯƽ̩˳죬СսŵԼܱһӵġֿеСգ°ɣ
ֻˡ
һֱ᲻óԵɺ͹Լֻһ滭Ƕ棬ʮַŵ˿ϤĽͣ컹濴
ЦˣתԼլһ䡣
լ䲻رȴȫгˮ鿣¥ԺӺͽԺӲһ۾ֱˣر˵Ժ԰רſһС䣬һ԰ʱӷ׷׷ʣʮ壬ʲô԰
룬ͨ׶͵԰Ƕס԰ӣ´ιʱСк꣬пȸС¹ϲСӡˡ  
һֱͦϲСģǰûлᣬ˻ȻŹ
ԭǴס֮ǰ԰޺ãֻ̫䣬·ңԶС·иʲôʧգŴůʱٽ͹
£˵ˣ۾ֱˣʱܹٿ
԰кüСӣССģ£ʮֿɰ
Ȼԡ
Űƽкã˲ʲôƵģʮ壬ϻ𣿡
ûϻȴֽ£Ժϻ
ǣ֣Цɵã浱ȻûϻҪϻС¹Ϳȸҧô죿
ŷģԼļ⣬ֱ˵СӵѵůһЩҪר˿ܣԵĶ۸ϲСӡ
ȴ˵ȸƯסÿķӲС
۵ǲֺ
ûãǶˣĶЩͣԴҲһ㣬ǸʮżõĻƤʱ鷿߰Ǻɵġ
ǺöɶȴûŽЩڳֲǱ
жû뵽̫ЯŴ󸣽Ҳˣ̫վſԼֵҿ˺һΪ˽
Ż̫ˣæӭ˳ȥ
̫˺ͶˮƽһϣǿɱӷҵģԺ޲ýʲôöڳ̫Ժӿźᣬǰû˵˽ȥˡ
׼˺÷òдң޷˵ʱ򣬴󸣽һߣ죬ȱǮ˸һ
죺
û⻰˼
󸣽ø˼ʱʱҪĺö䲻٣һ붼ȥ㰡Ժȱʲôʲôֻ˸һ
ˣֲýŶҲãҲãһԼɫֹŴƸ͵͵ԼһСӡ
̲סЦ󸣽ĺˣӣЩӣиʱ˼ҵ˺öʲôʱ̹ҵģҲϲİðˡ
ɲô˵󸣽ǲŵӡ
̫˹һȦԺԺӣҲûʲôۣܵһ㣬ʲôʲôԺģôʰ޶ɡ
ĩˣǸ̾һ䣬ҲСˣլˣʱȢϱˣ˵ٸſԺ֮ȴûµˣҲù
Ц˵ģдżЦȴöһ⡣
˭֪ƸЦһ䣬ûˣֵ죿
һ⣬ֻϺ꣬ʱֻ뵽һʡǱΪ顣
򲢲̫֮䲻ǽţɵл̫ڵĵطͲԸŽ˲עʱȥͷ
е㶮ˣ˾ǳŶڣһһ͵ģԼȶСҲȶˡ
һЦԣ˵öԣһСˣϴԬԬ͢Ǳйأĸȥ󣬶Ůõܳס
ŶΪΣƲ⣬ĸѾȥѵŮҪһֱ𣿶죬ҿǸԬǼСƭġ
ǽһȥȢ檵ģյĻӵߵŮˡ


 34 

֪Լʹ˵Щ˵ͨ, Ͼʹˣޡ
һȦ, ֱֱ˻̫, ԬԬ˵⻰ʱ, Ҳ÷˼, Ԭȴ, ĸǴ, ǵþТ, ĸ겻ƲȢޣҪȻĸھȪ֮£ȴ䣬ԵĸĶ飿
˵⻰ʱ򣬴һСӱƭҵġ
Ҳӣֻ, ˵Ļ, Ҫǲſʴ, ͢Ҳûռ̻ϰ, Ǹ̷ʵŮҲǸ׵Ů, Լĳ
ҲǶǳһ, ЩѫҪʲôŮûУôͺռ̻һڣĪŷˮ
ҪΪϰףĶﰢͺҲˡ
ϵ, öʶò˼飬ǿ´ǳʹڣһ˵
ӽ͵밡͢Т£ǲֵܹףͥǽЩ겻ֵһԲϰε򣬲ټڸ˼ĸҪĸµĶ룿ټĸ׵ʱǺĸףǺɩӣֳǺ绹Ǻף
͢䲻ǣĻⷽ治֪Ҫǿ϶١
һ˵̫ĿȥˣЩֵйأθڴͬа壿
һֱ͢ĻֵѧϰȴҲԼͬļ⣬ɶԣĸŮ֮ڲóףбŮӣָô죿ܶʱТ˳˵䣬Т˳ģ˭֪Щǲװӣ
ڳΪٵĹԱТ˳ǿǻᱻ˵ģصģᱻչ١ վ֮У˿ӳǲ֪ԹٵģԹʲôģʱʱ̶̿ٹ٣ʱʱ̶̿ǻϣ˭Ĳã˵Т˳˵ĸȥȢ檵ģǶҪģصᶪ˹ְ
⻰ɲԬ˵ģǰʷϣڵϿġ
ӣöʶһģȻš
̫ȴǼȤǡõ緹ʱҪ߳Ա߽
Լɹǵע⣬ڽŴ˵ģЩװТ˳װТ˳ܱȲТ˳Ҫõöࡣ
ͱ˵°ɣеʱѻ˵ľˣ˵˵ԼˣװТ˳Ҳһģʱˣ˵׼ԼıТ˳أ
ңװТ˳ͷСΪТ˳˶Т˳ˡ
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ԭǴ㲻ģ˵̫ˣҪԼٲе˵ȥ
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ֻ꣬ʱͶ򶼳ˣ˵Ȣ˭Ȣ˭벻Ȣ˭ͲȢ˭ôԼһĻȨ
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סڹͷҲãסڶҲգν
Ҫѡ񣬶ʵԸסڹļңǻ̫ļңԼСԺ磬ӦЩ˵ģҾͲᡭ
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˵ţס֣֣صҡֻҪˣҾ͸ˡ
⻰Ķһᡣ
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ֵ֮˵ЩʲôЦһ˭أԺԺӣʱġ
Ȼ֮ã˵Լ˸ʮռã˵Ҫ͵ɺڶסûܾӦˡ
ԭΪԺӣ̤ʵˣôû뵽һҹδߡ
ǵø磬ǼԼסݻסƵģ־ηηʩչ뿪ԼСĵطǾͦ᲻õġ
Ժ˯ȥεСʱ顣
Ǹʱ򸸺Ŭ۵ľŬྭȥ̣ÿδ̻ѶҴҸֵһٵϸϸߣŵֱꡱ
һתεŬֵḷ̌ŬϴˣСľż򵥣ȴǼѹģʱ֪жȰĪҪǸֵľǴ֮Ŭļ˺þá
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ҲƾЩȷǻ̫ǵĶﰢͺȷˣô
ԽԽ꣬ŶŸڿʱġ
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ʱˣҲϰˣǫ飬ĲѧҶǿġ
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ǳ˳飬ԼʮдһֹȴҲ˵ʲôϾʮֻʮһ꣬ǣ˵öԡ
ȴԼĶ˵ˡ
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Ŀţߵһ̣뼦⽵ĵģǵСŲʮ˵˵һսȥ˵ǿѪȡԭΪϺȥˣǽûָλҲú֣
ˣҲǸ˵ģϾһսҲǳġ
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ԶһսŬͳ׿ˣ˷ԣֳɹţʤˣɲľأ󼸸µʱ䣬סĵСԺСԺﻹиء
첻֪ԼΪߵˣȥһϤİڣֻΪ˴ɨԵʣԵЩưܡ
컹ǵԼǽǿ͹񵰣ǵԼ͵͵ſǽϡõǰ밲ĴƣǵöﰢͺһһĻԼͳӸԼ
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رԬǰǺóԺúдţû뵽һתһ˵޳ܣ
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ܿ죬ֵӱ͹һŸˡ
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ЩǴλִһռϷġ
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öǻ̫ʲôû˵ȡûȡһµģöǰЩڹһǴҹ飬ȴǴŴææһǵŬʲô
̫Ǻġ
һ˼⣬Ҳ׹
ǰûн̫̫죬һ㲦ʱͶˡ
̫ǻʢʱֻѾʼŪСˣ⼸գҲˣԼͼöСգǿ£һġ
ڵʱ򣬼öʶΨǴӣ¹ܻ̫˵ʲôϵġ
ŷѾ˼ʡ
ʱͶ۹£ǽͽ൱ɱţȥûȴȫˡ
Сվг󡢳ɴյһ죬̫ڽ߾ȫԼ

һȷϡ̫սթС
µûһ̫һ͸˰˱ƽȴҲˡ
൱ڰѽڳʲϣ˵ɱ㣬Ҳ˵ɱ㣬㣡
оòܣııûһܱȵϻ̫
Ż̫棬ȴ˵
ʱ̫ר̽˹ȥµĿ
̲ס̫˸ۣ鶼ˣǸʲô˼
룬ɷµ󺹣ʵɣЩģЩ顭Ԭ֮ǰûҽ
̫̲סЦ֪նʱ˵Ƿ϶˸ģҪȻô֪ô࣬ԬƤЩ汾µģˣ죬öô
֮ǰʹģû뵽˵ʲôʼܶԵ㲦һܾһǸѵõĺӣǼԺǸ֮š
ͦѧģƢܺãҲѰǰ̰壬ҽ£ǳһͦϲġ
ܶʱͬļ⣬һζҵ뷨˻˭˵öԣҲ󷽷ϣҲ˾ö
ֽЩѫǶܺӡ
̫ЦŵúǾˡ
ʵʵǶο˵ģ֪ǲװɵҲûٶˡ
׼תȥʱͻȻ˵һ䣬󺹣ǽд󺵣ǰ׼
İ̫ʳԣ콫ʿҲܿࣿȻѾʼĴչʳȴǵĵʱʳʳ
ǼʶģЩ˰һǿ

 35 

Ȼ, Ͷһ̫⻰ЦЦ, ʵΪΡ
ֻû̫˰, ʵ̫, Ԭʱ, ̫űԬ, ʮ, , Ԭ˵Ļ̫᲻֪
Ԭ֮ż㣬Ż̫û
˰ٵĺܣһܳס
ɶҲ˵ǴδԽģ»̫Ϊħ, ֻεġ
̫һǲҡı, æǸθҵ, ˵ǽ͢к飬ǻ, 󺹣ɱ, һҪ
̫䲻զ, ȴͦТ˳ģŬಡʱ̫²ź˺ü¡
Ȼ, Т˳Ŀġ
̫֪븸Ŭ֮ĸжãôУֻԼܵڸϡܣʱĸѾʮһֵĿɿڴ
̲סЦ죬ǵġ
֮ǰ֪Ԭ̸һֱ˼ڤ룬벻ͨΪҪ˵ЩǰĶ첻ŵĶ࣬˲٣ûʮİգǲ˵Щġ
رѾʼʳǾô²򵥡
ǰϲңθһθ˭ң˵ʲôãΪʲô˵£ɼԭġʵ벻ֻܽŬ˳ʱţܽĻȥЩ
˭֪̫Ѱˣҡҡͷ죬ǲܵģε˼Եʣε󺵣˵׼ھӪ֮ûгԱ˼ҹζѣ
ðɣ
ǻͶ࣡
Ȼ˵Ҿ޻˵ˣҿɰѻ˵ǰͷĳˣ󺹿ɱ콫ʳֳ
ʳ⣬ҿҪ󺹸ǰ״ģʱ򻹵
⻰ʵǺ̫ЦŴӦˣͷĺˡ
ظȴǲĵֹһ䡪˳ʳļǮˣûһҲûʲô˭֪ԺǸʲô
˻̫ȴ̫ཫʿԿ
̫ûĻϵģɺȴԽԽöһ仰Щģ͢һս⣬ʳˣЩûʲô
رȥ˲飬ӪǲҪǮƵĶʳӪҲʼʳֻҪ˶Щʳ
ʵҲûŶ˵ǵġ
ɶа취ģÿڶƨɺɮƵ߶Ķ䶼Ҫˣʵ޿̣˵ʳš
˭֪ŵǵʳǲ⣬衱Ǯ԰˰ʳ͵ӪȥƤҪǮ
ŵöһתߡ
ⲻ֪̫ʼ֮󣬲Ҳʼֻʢһôˣʼʳһ̫
ϲģֻŶܻ̫أǲǻ̫͸©ʲôҪȻ㣿
˼ˣưöʰҲǿʼˡ
çŶ̩˺󣬼ʢûʳûʳ͢ڲʳ
Щ¶ǲģҲôģҪھӪż̫￪ᣬʱʱ̹̿עŰڳʵĶ
һ̴ĳҲܶ
çŶ̩Եãſ˰üΣֱ˵иŬķ緶
⻰ѾĿ飬öˣҲͲˡ
̲ס͵͵ɨ˻̫һۣã̫Ϻɫǲģޱ顣
Ҳ֪̫϶ǲʹģΪԶһ
أҲѧŶһÿÿ첻˵˵ģ鷿ÿ϶ṩҹר̷̫Сķζ϶ǲģÿ϶еڴġ
ľǿӺţ࣬ϼӽˣζʮֲ
ţࡣ
һ˵֮Żҹ˵˷˲٣çŶ̩ã֮ǰҾ˵˶࣬һȷˣ˵˶࣬⳯ʻʵĲУȴŮһѺ֣ŮҲһһ˶ҿǲŪ
ʵϲǵ׵СӸɰͰ͵ģûζڴһ糯ʵЩӡ
ֻǰܲס̫ǰЩӷˣռ̻ϰףҪص⳯ʻʵۻˣλ˼ӣ񲻴
̫װûƵģûӻ
ѵܴçŶ̩Ļ𣿲ܣµʼٸߣȤ죬ûŮζɣô󺹸Ū˶
⻰£çŶ̩ʲô˼
ֻҪ漰ܵܺ͹ȥĶƢһͦõġ
çŶ̩ºսģЩһ뵽ڴ̣ÿ첻֪ϹЩʲôͲͬ˳һܣһˡ
ֻѡ˶󣬡Ŷˣ˵ܵܣҲûŮζôżˣô󺹶ͼŮֵܵü
ɫ΢΢ˡ
ȴǰס֣Целˣĺֵˣϴ۹Т֮ҺͶ游ͶТ֮꣬ٿȢ޵顣
ҲĥçŶ̩˵ദ֮û¶ԼҪԼӦܴ⣿԰ҪзӦһεģçŶ̩û˼ȻûȤ
ç̩Цһҿֵּܼա
ʿƴ޷ŮˣŮˣ˻һʲô˼
͵ſˣֵ֮ŮˣҰԴ㵱Ƥ򣡡Ҳ˿ӣ⻰ǶçŶ̩˵ģǶԻ̫˵ģҪԼĳ⡣
Ȼ̫⻰ֻĻϣ˵ʲôʱ䲻ˣҪЩȥЪš
Ա˺ˣҲˣȥ֮Ъˡ
̫ȴǷȥþû˯⡣
ĵʵ̫ࡣ
һԵĴ󸣽Ҳ۾˯ž
ֽӵɹҵţ˵˶գûȥˡ
ԼСȥʲô֪ɹҲãǽҲգŮ˵ĵλǺܵ͵ģǽ󸣽Ҳû̫ĻȨܾȴܵΨл̫
󸣽һֱŻ̫ԭ뿪ڵģɼŻ̫ɫѣԥˡ
룬ڣ󺹿ʲô£һֱ˯š
̫ˣ
󸣽ЦЦ˽ڵĵƶ˿ڴ˵
̫Ҳ֪ôˣЩһֱ˯ţǻԵʣѴơ
̳кλ֮󣬵ȷ˲٣ͷ϶˰׷
ڴ˵л
ڴ󸣽ӡУǺ񻹴δ
ǰȢʱ򣬻̫ңȴΪλãѰ˺ĸĴЩ꣬Ȼ̫ϲ˵ûн١
˵Ƿޣǻ飬֣ɾ͡
ҲΪֻ¸Ůλûжҡ
ʼ֪̫صĲˣɹţ԰һʼͲ̫ࡣ
Ѱ˸ʵʱڣҽӵɹŵţҪܽӻȥܵͶ·ʢǻȥˣ·һ
󺹣ĲµľãȾɣ
ֻ̫¶е㼬֣ʵղǴ󸣽ӵɹŵţҲӵˣµľǲˡ
תͷͰˡ
Ǽ޳ȥĹܵҲ˵̫ģҴǰҲûߣֻǴҲ֪ѫƲѰ˼ң˵ˣҶƲϡ
ܼ޸çŶ̩Ϊรʮ̧ٴˡ
󸣽ǲ֪ǵ˼ڻ̫Ҳ˵ЩɴСãҪСС;ͼˣ޵Ļˣôܷģ
󺹣ʮ޸Ϊรôر֣δ㣬ֻôһˡ
̫Ĭˡ
󸣽ȷǸְӣŮТ˳ˣǰ길Ŭ࿴ɹŵĹϵ˵ĸԼʮֶŮ޸Ϊร
̫ԥ󸣽ֻŽ´ڻ̫ǰ󺹣㲻ӦҾͳ𡣡
޶̫꣬˽̫ӣֻܹעһˡ
̫ɫϲ֪Ϊ˴ܣ˶ٴαŤ
˵ţǳ̾˿ɣҴӦˡ
ˡ
󸣽ҲˣʵҲ̫ռ̳кλɹŴùϵĹؼʱʱɹţԻ̫˵Ǻ¡
һҹ޻
һҹȴ˯ṳ̈ʵ˸ΣεҲû͢Ҳãûк鷢  
ϣġ
Ҳ֪βܳ棬˴κ齫ܳʱ䣬ʧ
첻ģȥӪ֮ǰרȥֿ˿ʳĺܳ㣬ŷġ
һգ춼ھӪ
˼գȴһϢ󸣽ˡ
ǳէůвע⣬˾ͻȾϷ纮Ϣæ󸣽밲
˵̫˲ô󸣽ͦõģϴμԺӡᡱ˲ٺöӽӣȴƳִ󷽶ˡ
ò˼ǺƤˣŽЩӶʳš
ȶ·û뵽ڼиİŮڴ󸣽ǰ̷ҩ
ѫӶǿȢķӵģ֪̫߲ûжŮˣǰʮİǴǰû
Ůŵʮֺÿ۾ģһЦǱǳǳУʮĶ˵ʱ򣬶˶̲סۣŹ˶Լôӡ
밲󣬴󸣽ЦŽܣҵֶŮ
Ŷ

һ˵֣ӡʷϵԺТׯ̫󣬺һˣ֮ǰǿƶ߲ԭϵҫ۵飬ȥ޸˻̫ǽĲร
Ժеļ䣬֪ǲԸ޸̫ģһʢ͡ˣźá
¶Ŀ޵ТǺ£ֻ纮⣬ҲСĲǡ
Ǵ󸣽ֶŮʹ󸣽һģҲĳ
Цһ󷽷лСѡ
ͷ󸣽Ҳǵģ֪ʱȾϷ纮ôСЩǺʱ򣬿Գȥ߿ȴֻܴ
󸣽ЦЦɤӵϲǾνǿ˼ӣʹܶҴ˲ˡ
ԭǴ⼸һ̷ֱ󸣽ɽҲˡ
ŴҲȥˣڴܣǹңҪЩȥ
󸣽ӲãԾΪö˵ԶҲһŴ󸣽
ԺТׯ̫
㽿̬ιҩΪʮϸģŴ󸣽ҩÿζʣһڣüͷùãҩóȺȣú꣬ҪȻҩЧǻۿۡ
ӣܼƵġ
ӡͦõģ󸣽ܶ˵Ͳ˵ͣǰڼҲǾչɹҲǸ߿϶Ҳкܶźġ
ʢסϰ˵ɹ˶ܻȾƣǲҲܺã
ɹŹĻ˶೤ʱ䣿
ɲܶôʣЦĻش˿ûвͷ
󸣽ˣֻϲˣ⺢Ǽ˭ϲͻ˵仰ġ
ҲܿģҲϲСյġ
˸Ὺġ
Ҳ֪ԼŴ󸣽娣ȥˡ
Ͳã΢ͲˣȾϵѰ纮ȴ˶ҪЩ
ȥʱ˯ڴϣһСǳ쳱ģܼˡ
ԵŮ֪¶ǣæСգд񿴹ˣ˵ǸСĽţŸźҩ˯µġ
üǸźˣô죬ôи̣ǿɵ𣿡
Ҳ֪ͷ˶Դеڴ󸣽ϥ£ȴײġ
⻰һͷæȥæȥˮæȥҩ
ǸζЩһ¶һ£Ҳ֪ƽ󸣽ڵʱôġ
񱾾ͱԵĺЩ˼һȦʮۡ
Ӹ˭֪ȴ૵
û壬սЩֻдſǻҪң㰡ǡ
磬磬ﰡܡ
⻰ֻʲôݺײһ¡
ֻ꣬󸣽ΪʱûгŬĶݱ񲢲ʣڴ󸣽ߡ
׶ߣģ׶㱻͵˱Ժסţżܼһ档
е˶ΪСʲôֻҪ󸣽ĶãὫ󸣽һ㿴ʵϰܶ˶̬Ⱦͳˡ
һģʼնһ
ס֣񣬲Ҫ£ʮˣ
ʱԼֶʵ̫Щû̫ǰգԼòˣҲ˵ƣ
񲡵ĻȴûвͿˣĸ첲Ϳʮ壬ңҺܣҺҵĶﰡ
Ķ
󸣽ĵȷȷǺܺã˵ŮС㣬Լˣټʱʱ׺˼롭ټţǸ
ۼˣ£ʮˣʮող㲡ˣѾ˸㰮Եĵģţǣ㰮Ե÷㻹ʲôʮ壬ʮ嶼
˶´˵ǲأϻȥ󸣽ʰ
ϣô£ܹѡ˭ôأ
ҡͷ˵ֱޡ
ҲȰıްɣްɣ޳ͺˡ
һʱ䣬ֹסᣬΪ̫ĵԵʣȴһһġ
׵۾˲ᣬ㲡ˣΪβߴ󺹻ߴ󸣽һҪأ
Сһһģʵ֪˻ĵġ
΢΢̾˿ֻǸСӣֻҪԼ˾͹ˣαعܱ˿ģο󸣽ĸף㿪ģȻͿˣûôСۡ
ȴִ˵Ҫ
첻ǿֻʣ⼸տ㣿
˵ͣǰһΡ
ûãˣ⻰û˵
е㲻ˣǰģⶼûˣе㵱ӣ
ɵ棬û˵ʲô
ܿͽһЩˣĶЩϲԵģ÷
÷ҩ࣬ҩ֮ܺЩԺҪҪʲôʲôֻңʮ͹
صͷĩ˻ǲʮ壬ɱˡ
ȻǴӦˡ
ûã͹ˣ֮˵ûʲô󰭣ǵˣ˸˴ӣһͳ쳱ģҩվɺţӵǴӻɱӾͺˡ
һԵŮǵͷ˵
ҩ˯º󣬶һź˳ǲҪΪҲ֪һʲô˼С£ʲô
䲻ǴӴ󸣽ģȴҲǴ󺹵һŮиˣյˣһΣҾֱӸߴ󺹣ǡ
Щ˵ȷǸ÷һӵ⣬Щ˶ûз֡
û£ҪȻɲô˵ġ
ͷŮǶ֪λСյƢƢˣ˵ǣǶûܵ£һȻǡ
ŷ뿪
ûżȥȥ˺һˡ
ǻ̫Ĵӣ˵ʵسӣ۶⻰٣ĵճӣ̫ǿأµʱ򶼽ߣ࿴ѧѧ
в˰Դ⣬Ǵ󸣽Ժ⺹λʮа˾žǺˡ
Ҳ⻰ģʱǸŬˣŬԼò˶ûʱȥ
Ѿʮˣӳɻ磬ѾǰѾȢޣͷٸˡ
ֱɱȥ˺ϣȴ֪ڸϣȥ˹
ǣȥ˹ﶼȥԼã
ɱ˻ʹȻڻ̫鷿˺
ǡʱ̫鷿ټ󳼣ͺ⡣
üٳû̫ͦģáôһЦŵʮ塣
ǰ⺢ӻͦТ˳Ĺɵģһ۾۾ӲǱӵģһ
СҲǼůֻôʮǲأ˭أ
̧ͷһۣͷͦߵģԼͷ˫°ͺʹıǿףֻʮ塱ҲǺܳģֻȴ󺹣˶أ
ԣʹˣһȡҲû룬ʵش𣬡ҵ˰ʱҡʮЩʲô
ʲô⣬ÿնæúܣҲ֪ʲôʱ˵껰ӵĶȵҲ޷
ʱʱ乻ģֻԼҪֶʱ㹻ȥһٻˡ
һ£һҪȥʲôı顣
Ǹˣ˼գÿնȥ𣿡
ˡ
ԼֲǴֲŮÿȥʲô
ɨһۣǵС˼ָơ
ǡд̸˻Ҳֱͨӽȥˡ
̫¶ˣ̧ͷһǺȴǶƳ˽ɵˣҪ𣿡
˵ţʲôôˣ˭ˣ
ԸŬȥǵһμ
Ŷһֹı顣
Ҳڵ󺹣ϽģҪΪǣǺ£ֻΪΣԼö˲ϣǾЩˡ
æĻǰȥ񣬴˵Ĳ¡
ôǰȥ˾أãã󸣽ֲţչĶȥܹ𣿡õľŮ˲ֵǮ̬ȣǸӣֻº̬Ȼ᲻һΪ󺹷ǣֻԼö˲ϣ˵Ͻİգ
͢ع飬󺹰ҿһ͢ѧѧҲԼԼЩˣ
пѱ磬иǰһһ͢ĹأԼԬӴ˼죬Ƕ֪͢ض԰ɣ
˵ŸǰЩӲ˵ʲô֮ĻҲ˵ˡ
̫öЩˣɵһƬģֻôˣ
ҩںöˡʵش
̫ɨ˺һۣ䣬޷Ҫµʱȥ֮Ļ
ߣȴҲֻһһӦ¡
̫ԼΪʲôûʣֱҪȥˡ
һԣ˿ûҪ˼Ķ죬ü㻹Ҫ˵ʲô
ʢŭ֮ĶҲָ˵ǣɺѾ꣬լӣʱʱ̿񣬴󺹣ҿ罫׶ӽһʱ䣬񣿡
̫üͷһ壬æǰͷڣҲסհˣ󺹣ǲ֪ʱǸ֮ǰʱ˾ҵĶ
Ҳʲô¶̫һӣӦˡ
Ÿ߸˵سոһϲֶ߲ˣŲˡ
Ժֵ˻Ҫġ


 36 

ڶվ
ʱЦЦ, Сõţ쳢Ǹˬʴ󷽵ġ
˵ʵڵ, һҹû˯, ĶͶ֮¶
ʷϤ, ȴҲܶҰʷ, Ұʷ˵С÷, ȴ̫һ, ֱ޻̸֮
˵, ǰһɹţһʢ涼û÷
ǻԺ㺣
Ŷ侲ģѽ롰Ϊտĸϵһ
˴ҹǷȥû˯, һȴҲͨ͸˲, ֻ¹Ҳû, ˳Ȼɣ
󸣽ʱѾЩ, ˵һ
ĶϽĹ, 컹Ĵ󸣽᲻е㲻, û뵽󸣽ֱ˵ϵĸŮģʲôɳԴ׵, ֻҪЩͳɡ
Цŵһλʵ̫ˡ
˵ͻȻǸֶʵպй
˵ǵĶѵýһˣô˵Ҳùݼһġ
󸣽ҡҡͷʱ
ҲǿЩӳģЩӵıΣ˭⵽ںûֻ⼸Ҳġ
Тӣ
̲סٴһ䡣
󸣽ƿЩʲôȴû˵ֻѰ˸ͷͲɵ˶ǲȥŵ죬ôΣ
ܣ첻״󸣽⻰˼ͦõģģãִҳָ߹󡭡󸣽Щʲô
󸣽ЦЦ޸ɺʣ
ҹһ򣬻̫Ӧ´ܣɻ̫ӦɹǱҲӦɹŵŮģԽǳ߹󣬼ֵҲߣֻΪѡһź£סɹЩ׹󳼵졣
֮ѡһΪȷǸúӣֵиǻ̫Ҫ£򣬷޶꣬ϥûӣ۴ģɲԸɷҲġ
һ㶣ͻȻ뵽ڳ·϶Լ˵Ļֻ󸣽ǱˣǲͬͬġֵˣΪͶТꡣ
кηС֮ҲδɣҲ᲻ôأ󸣽ᣬΪζ᲻Ը⣿ǴܳòǴ䲻
⻰治ýӣֻǲԸġ
󸣽ԼԼµ˶˼
͵˰ɣ˵ش󸣽Ҳˣֵ˶ˣԺȢ޾ȢԼϲģģ϶ϲ
ҲԸ˴󸣽һƬġ
󸣽ף̫ҲܼˣҲһʣϥ¾ôһСˣԼŮƵģֻϣԼߣһź¡
ȻĵҲôλùĺùĶɣҪңҲȥɫɫкʵģ
󸣽ȻЦдӦˡ
εһȦȥ˾Ӫ˭֪ߵһ룬ԭվӪżˣҲܵÿϢա
˼ȥԼһȥ̤ࡣ
Ǵգ˵ĺܣɳȥܱȱ˼ˡ
ڻʼңʵһֺݳ޵ˣʱţҲԼʲôˣͺԼŵĸ˵һȥɢġ
ߵ⣬ǰĿľǺЩ
꣬Ѿʮˣͷڽ˶ѾǼӵĵˣ԰Щкܶĵ˸˵ýһһﲻܾܾ
ڶ֮ǰ˵ǣҪ游ͶТ꣬ǿȥ
ﻹе㵣ĵģϾ̫޳̶ܳȳ
ϣһûûεӣȥʱҲˣûܳȥԣһͦȥԵģһӦֻСӣ׽ЩȥǶ԰ˣ
һŷͺú棬ѧͺúѧ˼룬˳ţʲô¶׵Ժȥˡ
˵˺һȴûŻӦ̲סɨ˶һۣüͷ磬ôˣǲ£
˵Լĵġ
˸꣬ܵܳһ꣬ҲǴˡ
̲סЦ磬㵣Щʲôûʱ˵ˣ
ǲ֪ɣ̸͢ǿ̸е͢˻͢˭̸У
֮ǰû˵ЩϢҡҡͷʾ֪顣
ǿǵЦ⣬Ԭ
ŴǰҺԬЩҹȥҿԬдһţдҪĲʵ̫࣬Ǹˣл˵ʲôǲһ̸һ湥ʡ
ʵлиֵģ˵ʲôĸŬ˺͢ҲûʲôϵǽҪ̵ģʲô¶
û̫ȥ͢ǷţýֺͷҲܲµж޳ܣѸŬ͢ͷϡ
ԬɲǰӣɽģҲ֪Žʿͬʺţ˵˵ָհѻ̫һ٣Ҳôġ
ȻԺᷢʲôͲ˵ˡ  
뵽̫ʢŭӣҲЦֻеæˡ
ǵҿ֮˵Ԭ޳ǽ򻵵ĳǽѾ޺ˣֳ˼ǡ
ǴǰĵطռЩȥӹ˹ߡЩ̽Ӵ̽ģ磬ûӣȳ˲Ӭѿ
õʵҵЩԬԺ󰡣ǻΪǵľС
ǰȥʷ飬ȴҲ˵Ԭ֣֪Ĳʹ˷ƣԬʵ۴
ϧһ˰ǴΪãֻأһͳ¡
ҲԬԬе˼λǧ겻ϲڳдѹǶֵ͢ϼҲһֻ۱һֻۣλǧκ˵ҪֱӴǹٻؼңǧô̰
ҲˣԬǸĹģҪ˳ֻ²һ׵¶
Цһ͢Щ˰ǺͿġԬˣֻµ󲻻ʲô³ġ
£Ķˡ
ֵ˵˼䳯ϵ¶ȥɽ̤ȥˣֵܸӱ׽˼ֻзֱ˵ûȥųԡ
зû󣬶ܵ׻ǸСû
ѹ֮¶ƣһأڻȥ·ϣԷֶöˣ˼䣬磬ʲôʱȢޣ
ϲʲôĹ
ÿƶ߲ԭĹǲǳöͦÿģ  

˺Ů֮ǲһģŮ֮ĵ޷ǶЩҳ̵Ļ̸֮Ķ¶Ӫе¶ֻǰûʹ
ǺˣԾζЩʲô˶˵Щʲô
챾ţŴʵǸù޸Ҳһ׮£һһʮ󸣽Ļĩ˻ôϲϲܣ벻ȢΪޣȥôܲ˵ˡ
ɨһۣǿɵƵģ·˵ֲ㣬еû¶¶³ȥ֮ǰҾͺ˵̫˼󸣽ҲʲôˣΪջ̫ܹ̳кλʹ󸣽ûйϵ𣿡
ƵĸçŶ̩ĸһɹˣʹ󸣽Ҳһ䣬̫λҲãçŶ̩ҲãûгԷԣΪ󸣽ûڰ¹Ϊ󸣽뽫ܼ޸ңľǾǸֵи𣿡
찡ܶʱΪĺ˲һǺˣ˰˽ĵģûкʳһǸˣ֮Ǻ𣿡
Ķļ磬ĻԺ󸣽Զһ㡣
˵󸣽ǻˣ󸣽ϵĺˣǺˣͬԼֶŮ޸̫
˵󸣽ԼֶŮ޸̫Ϊร¶ܼ򵥣󸣽һֱã̫Ĵ󸣽徣ͿƶάϵŦûУȻϽȢƶ߲ԭŮ˻
ңǸʱǵĸѾˡ
Ĭˡ
˰ɣ˭ǻˣʵҲǻ¶СЩǺõģܾϻм˵ġ
룬ǵͷӦ˶
봺ˣһ֮ڴ︴գֵļڣǴ˴죬һϰնҪˡ
ɴȴЩˣӹѩ֮ͣһֱû꣬ǲ꣬ȥӾ޷
ʼʱϰջȥӱߡȥˮȣȴα겻αһɣȥϰﻹܵס
˵۳ź뾮ˮԽԽ٣ϰռҲŵúܣ˶˲ˣﻹ˼ȥЩӣ
ʱϰյ˼ʳˣʳ˺۸̧ҲˣƫƫǹӦʢŶ̶̼գѾʮΪʳֵİˡ
̫ʶġΡġ
ûлɶĻǿµģҪȻѵǶδ֪ɣ
̫Ҹúʶ죬ŬûибΣֻʵûʱ䡣
Ϊ󸣽ʹܵɩӿƶߴˡ
ƶ߲ԭºç˹ĳӲͣλƶ߲ԭºĸç˹ȴŸĶ֮λ
ҲĸףĸҪȴҲ֪²ô򵥵ġ
ڴ󸣽£ҲдŻȥȰԼĸôܹùʢû뵽ȴȥ޻أûţǵԼĸ׿ƶߴ
ʵɹſƶ߲Ĺϵ̫ãǰǻΪ˲֮һŬֻ࣬ǺˣԼ˸Ŭ࣬Ҳǻ̫ĸס
ǰЩ꣬Ŭߵǻߣϵź˲١
ƶߴûǿƶ߲ŬĶӵĳֻԼü޸˻̫ԼҲǻ̫ɩӣ޳ȥĹֿ̫ƶ߲ôһ£ 
ס˵ºܲԼƵġ
󸣽ڽӵƶߴ˵Ҫ̽ŶʱͲû뵽ˡ
аɣˣܵùš
û뵽ƶߴһɡ㲻ѴܽҾͲߡļƣ˭Ȱûá
Զڹ⣬ҲŹλƶߴŵȥ밲ˡ
û뵽ȥﻹëëͷڵˣÿնһʡʮ壬Ϊʲôǣ
ƵʴʼһεһΣն³¯ĸ㣬Ÿȥ
ȥҪȥ󸣽λպĿƶߴ밲ġ
ⲻ컹ûˣǿƶߴˣҲǽĸ˵ǽĴ󸣽ȴҲֻŽǿƶ߰ɣ  
۴ܣ޻˵Ͼһĸͬá
ѵ̩ͲֶŮأö˶һ֣ǽ͸ĳʲô֣벻
ģԼŮġ
ͣͷĲӶ˶٣ֻʱȥҲǣȥɣҲǡ
ԥţֻ󸣽˵ֶŮãô᲻أֻϺʱĵģ󺹸˵ּãƤ֬һ㣬ֳ
ǿƶ߲ԭҫ۵飬ҵǾֲֻ
еֶŮУĶƶߴҲǺ¶
ƶߴڿƶ߲ԭ˵ֱֱ˵ģһҲ֪νӻ
ڴʱ˽ȥȸ󸣽밲Ŷſƶߴ˰ݣƶߴ
̲סۿƶߴƶߴʮͷͣģĺܺãϸüмֽŮӵ񣬲ǰ˵
쿴ӦǳĸײͣͿƶߴ̫ơ
˽ƶߴȻǲģɨһۣ󸣽˭
󸣽ЦŵǴ󺹵ʮܣСա
ƶߴǶŬޱ磬Ի̫λδ󺹶ôƵϣ͸˵ˣŶһ󸣽˵
˿ûò
һŷľңҾ㣬ҪǲңҲ㣬Ļ󸣽ȥˣ˵һû˹ء
ĸ֡û˹أҧüأ˵ƶߴġ
Ŵ󸣽Ϊˣǰ֪λɩӵƢԣôΧˣû뵽ȿˣͷãȥɣҲˡ
쿴ƶߴһۣתȥˡ
λ֮ǰδĴĸǲϲǰϲڴ󸣽ߣҪ󸣽˵£Ҫ󸣽棬󸣽߶Ը⿿
ƶߴǰһ׵ǸŮˣ
ƶߴǴ󸣽ǴܹùõᣬǾǻŮˡ
˵֪Ϊƶߴˣæôһ¡


 37 

Щ, ˸ѾˣϿ԰ȥ, ƶߴ֮, ֱҪܹùȥ, ˵ʲôҪǴܹùòԸȥ, ǿƶ߾͵ûôŮ, Ժʲô¶, Ҳȥ
ϴڶǰһκ, ǸŶ죬קŶӵʮ壬ƶߴʲôʱȥ
ҲǺϲܵģӺãҲɣǱ໨ˡ
, Ҳֻʶ졣
Цҡҡͷ, ¶ֻǶﶼ֪ƶߴʲôʱȥ, Ҿ͸Ӳ֪ˣ, û¶ʱǰա
ص˵ͷ
ֽĸóСȻܸˡ
ʵ, Ķ͹ǲ, ֻǴǰûˡ
أʮ壬ʲôʱȥĶ԰
˵, ʮĶ԰ѾˣͷкܶС
أ˫չĹĵأĸǿɰ̲סִ˴ʲôʱ򶼿ԣֻҪǶͬˡ
˵ţ˶٣ʱǴܹùһȥɢɢġ
˵ֱͷ
û뵽˵ܲٲܲٵǼԺԸ㡢̲裬û뵽ܾ͹ˡ
ӣЩûܣƺǳЩҲЩϵҲûе֮ɫЦʮָˡ
ǰЦ˺ޣкԵġ̲裬̲סһ䣬û¶ɣ
֪ʲô˼Цŵʲô¶ǲ֪ɩʼͲ󺹺ҽʩѹ˵ʲôҪһȥҾֱӸҿԻȥֻҪ㲻·ϳʲô¶
ڻʲô¶ûãܻҪԾܵÿôչĲܾҪȻǿˣ
çŶ̩е㾭飬Ӧе취ģӦò󣬡˵ô£
Ц˳ڵʱôҲװװӲǣһζֻ´󺹶Ըˡ
԰ЩӿƶߴͲҲԸûȤ
⻰ŷġ
ܳ㣬Ҳ˼ġ
ǰҲûԹЩ㡣
ЦŵǶϲԺҪ͹
˵ţһȥιĶ԰
԰ҲǺȤǰҪȥΡҡҡͷǱ˰ɣ󺹺ͽΪҵ¶ĵúܣҪǻĴܣʵڲʡ
ð죬ȥˣ
˵ţԹԵسʱͶ˵ϢԼŮѳʱ˭ȥ㲻ɣ
˵ǶȾ˷纮ǵֿ̫ˣҪ˶ȥߣмʿȾϷ纮أ
ܾ⻰еģǰڿƶߵʱ򾭳ȥ棬ʢ֮ÿվ͹ССҲ֪Ľÿôġ
еԥͦȥģ㣬ɡ
˵ţһ䣬ʲôǵֿ
ҲЩӻ˵˳ЩΪ⡰ֿǽеĴʶ
Ҳһ죬ɷµʮ壬ֿ̫ͻȾϷ纮ܲҪ˸ЩֿҾͲҲúҩˡ
̲סЦֿһֱĶǮ򲻵ǺúóԷʳÿն˶ֶͶ࣬Żá
˵ˣܶû̫ˣҪþҪԶ˶
˵˻ỰŻȥˡ
ȥ֮Ҳûţ֪ĺֻǸʼ˽ʿ֣öʱȥּ飬ԷԵ
ƣʳӦÿԹ콫ʿңεĺ鲻ֻǸʼ
еͷۡ
ʱƣԽԽأЩѾʼүʼˡ
ʱӵԬš
Ԭȵ͢ʮأ˵ǵĶԼЧģʶ֪κġ
ǿϵʿ࣬δ֪ıҲΪ档
Ԭһʮ޻Ȿ¡
õŵʱ򣬶쿴ʱú˼֮ǰӾʢҪʮҵʱ䣬ֻ˾͵ϣ·˺üƥ
أ͢Ҳżɣ
նԬ˽⣬ԬûаĻϣҲûж˵֮ĶԼͻȻŶ˵Ѿû꺵ء
ҲһšȶԬضԼΪʾŸó˶Ի̫˵ǣ˵ǸŬθģҪԴĴ󺵡
Ҳ룬ܲµԬĻͲãʳֻҲûڡ
ӣ̫Զ̬ȸãר̽е鷿ֵһ
β̫㣬Ͼ֮ǰ˲ʳڣǾͲš
Ҳ볯̸ˣʦس
̽˵ʵһղһա
̫⣬ơ
Щһ㶼⣬ⶼʷдģ֪ˣеλƶߴʲôʱߡ
λƶߴʵڲǸ
ǰûʱ䣬Щͳʳȥû뵽ƶߴˣֱӽĹȻǲϽЩû뵽ƶߴֱҪִˣʱϵҪˡ
ֵ󸣽ǰȥȻǴ»СС»ˣǴ⣬ǿƶߴҴɲô˵ġ
£ҲЩˣΪ˶˵ɹ˱뺷ԵλƶߴϾƳ
λŰ衢޵ԵĿƶߴ̫ϵЦ⵭ЩҿǼƣֻ¶ʱǲߵġӣò͵ϲãմĸƵģ˹š
ܶ˾ԼòãӾͱƫǿ¼ӣֻƶߴλøͱס
̽Ǵǲȥ𣿡
̫ͷ
ŷģǾͺá˵Ϊ˲ʢҪҲ뾡һа취ʢģɩӣʵǡ̫ˡ
̫˼ƣҲöҺͿƶߴһҲҪߣ
Ц
ɶȴҰЦֻ̫һֻ̤ײԺĶôôᣬƶߴǴܵɩӣûѪԵôʵã
󺹺Ҳһҵ״磬ƽҺõúܣǸдңǸͶߣ
⻰û̫ãƱ죡
游ŬﰢͺТԲûкȾƣȴ̲ƣͬһ
ƹѲ̫⣬κңҪȻֻ°콫ʿѾʼԲϷˡ


 38 

֪̫ûôԼһ緹, ԼԼϺȾ, ҪȻѾ֪޲޲, 󺹲л, ⶼǸҵ, Ҫл, ´ȥ츸ʱúлл˼ҡ
̫˳Ļ˵, ǰ, ǰʱ۵ľֵˡ
˵ţǾƱң뵱£ӿʼ¶ͲЦҪ, ǰӢ, д, çŶ̩ЩøصĶӣ˵, кܴѹģֻĸ, ø, Ż࿴һۡ
û뵽ֵҲŶЩʲôҲõϲ, ǵճʱ㣬򵽸ϣҲǹЦ˵Сӵúúù̡ܽ
Щ¶춼ǵãҲ֪νӻ
˭֪̫һתֻǶ찡й֮˵͢˺Щǲŵġ
˵κҲˣ͢ʵԼ嶼ˣŵʿУһȺٹݰݰݣЩеʿΪһʼûк飿ɼЩ˰Щƭӡ
֪ԼֻҪԼϣ̫Ҳû취
΢΢ףΪȵԣ˵е
Ҳˣ˵ǸΪ۰ĶӣҲǽĴ󺹡̫ŰƱЦЦŶ죬ڿЦģ˵ôûθң
̲סѵЩҲҪ
ǴﻹЩ¸ˣԸûȥɣ
˭֪̫ɫȴٿҺ¸ʲô
죺
ѿڶ㽫Ÿ˵ģСʱ¸ʲôѵ˿£¹ţ
ףҾôһ˵˵Сʱ򸸺Ҫϸ𣿡
˵û̫еȶˣҪ̸ƿԼϣ˿ӲˣҿԬһԸθҵ¶š
˵ˣ߰µʱ͢ʵ۾Ҫˣ̳лλĵܵɼ죬š룬˵ˣԺĺﻹһλƶ߲ԭӣҪĪҪ̫ڳ谮¶ġ
¿ʷϵĴ¶벻ǵöѡ
ʵڶԭǿԲ˵ģǸͦˣԺˣֻûӹԼȸ̫ѡ
ûʷλɴӿƶߴдܵҲ˵Щġ
УƶߴϲľǺ飬ģĺƶߴǸʮʮӣѶϣ˵ʲôʲôһֱƶߴĻ
̫⻰ǹЦȻǲŵģһеţɵڶ¡ֱ޻̸֮
˰뱲ӣ檺ܶ࣬ȴڼǸĲٿߣû˵رϲ˭Ҳû˵رϲ˭ģĸǴɫʵġ
ЦŵǸиŮӳʲôģ
⡭ҡҡͷû˵
һ˵ˣ̫棬˺飬Ǻİ˻¶
̫ԭǲһ˵ģɼܲס˵ЩģǵĴӢĶɹܡܶ춼֪˵Щµʱ򣬶δ
ģ̫ĻҲЦˣǸ˵ģ
ҡҡͷͷԲˡ
̫öû̧ͷһۣȴɫÿ
Ŀʱ̫һ䡪к˵
룬ҡҡͷûˡ
̫ҲûȾƣҲûԲˡ
ûûεĽӳԵԲĲߣ֮ǰ̲ס鷿Сӵա
ⷹٺóԣ´ҲٳˣһٷԵǵսľ
̫ȴá
ʵľܺã¶ǣˡ
װܶ໰ѵʱ򲻺˵Ҳֻнžöһʡ
ʵһֱΪѣɶӢ그µ鶼֪¶Ҳһƺ˵ģӢԭǱΪһδ󺹼̳ˣȴ̫ƶʣˣŴμӺֵܺ󳼣Ŭܴˡ
ұ֤Ҳֻƣ֪çŶ̩֪֪ģ
ò룬ѵһ˵
ʵĴУԭʶ졪ǵոֵеһΪ󺹣
⵽ȴûʡ
ǰµЩʲôַܵܰ֡ʵʵģһʲôе˼ǾĪ顣
ڵӦȥ󸣽ͺĻֻԼ֮ⲻˡ
ȥ֮ҲԽĥٷԽòԾٷǺ簡
ӼᶨҪ游ĸТľģֶͦ˵ġ
תۼ㵽˳ģأӹ굽ڣһ궼û£̫Ӵ˯ˡ
첢ţתۼӭ񼸸޵ڶԺ͡
һͬĻдŴܣܲûǰ㣬ŮѣΪҲˡ
æϡˣ
󸣽ׯ磬ʵҲǸϲģŶԺһ԰ڴ󸣽ƶߴǰҪԼŮҪƶߴȻܾ
ԣ˳֮£Ҳ˳
ĻмöʵĶӡƵŮܲʮСܲͷ
쿴һɵۡ
ȴɵЩҺģ˵ʮкܶ౦һˡ
ʵȴ˵ûôȥʮļǧƤҲܶСﲻãҪȻʮǻģԺҲǹȥˡ
󸣽ǽŮˣԵĸʱ󸣽밲ҲʱżеĶŮŮһĺÿ͵ģϲҫģ˾԰Լʮи԰
СǶҪ
ԵһȥԺ͡
Լֶֶģûвӭģеĺö
һȺСܲͷվڶ԰դߴߴģֻԼֹ˸԰˸׶԰
켸ڶ԰ʯϺȲԵģ˳Ҳܶʮӡ
ЩڼﶼǽģɲԹŮֵĻǶජЩա
Խ֮һֱԶԺ޲ڣرڶ԰ڣȸߴߴͯ£ֻԼ·صɹţ̲ס̾һСԺӸöð
ʵҲãǴҲãĹùҲգﶼѲģֻǱⷽССġյĹǽڣǶԶ
Цŵǰ˭Сջ


 39 

Ц, СùܱҺЩ㻹Ĵ߶߶, ұǲܳ, ڹùúͶǰ˰, ɿڡԺСùҪͷʲô, ûȥ˵
˵Ҳͦ, ǰʢ, ɳŵĴȴһֶֻĹ
Ц˵á
һ, ʼΪƶߴԵʣֶ˻֣û뵽ȫȻ޸ңһͬ˵𻰣˵ĲãʱعһƱĲ
˲Ȳ, ȵ̲, ̲õĲҶζ̫, ŽĶСԽ˻͹, û뵽ʮϲ
ĸǽͻôϾֶʮּ򵥡
˵, û뵽ȴ, Ҫȥ
ԭ뿴ȸȴǵ˺ܾһֱȲֻܹ
¶ҲǹΪѶ, Ҳû취
ɿһȺСܲͷһڴ񣬶ֻܵҵһȣһȸӦûῪġ
ȸҲпѧݵģһۿȸΪżڴӽһģǳģżڡ
ſȸڷʱҲῪӱһֻСȸǰ˿ĿȸСȻˡ
ʱһȺСܲͷ̾
ϧȸʱ̡ܶ
֪ĸܲͷŻҪٿһΡ
ȴɫɲУȸΣյʱǻῪҲǻẦµģǿһξ͹˺òã
Сܲͷͷ˵ãǵʮ壨үүˣԺôǺã
ˣͱЩСܲͷŲߡ
ӺãҲûͷ
һźȲĴܺˣֻù˼ġ
ڹͷʱ࣬Ͼʱ±Ŵ󸣽˵ԶѫռЩ¶֪Ļͦģ˵ƼҵǸħ˭¡
ֱ˵öʼҵСŮǸʳģⲻǲԣöʵĸÿν˹˵¶ͷۡ

ЩѲСܲͷ˶ǰһԵʲôƵģҪǲҪǳЩӣÿƺڱ˭ԵĸЩ
ЦŵԺСտ϶Ǹøף˭ҪǼ޸иˡ
ضŮ̫ôɴʱҲţû̵ŮҪ޳ȥģΪ˼ҵˣʱ̵ӣ洦
У˾ͱŮ˸ƣռ̻һҲġ
˵еˣ¹¶ĸûչˣֻ·һߵܵȢޣ൱ҲеչҾκ
ȻҲ¶Ƶúܣ²ǿܸıġ
˵ſŶΪöʼҵСŮ÷ӣֻλСռֱǿ׼ˡ
˳񿴹ȥüŶЦ˵ʲôСһֽкá
ҲЦŵǰҲ֪Ժ˭
ǲФµģϾͼ޸çŶ̩Ϊรˡ
磬дһҰӡ
ǰΪ˴̷㣬˳ԶԿΪҰӵĻǺٵġ
һ˱ǡ
ܿŹڷһĹࡢˣò⣬ǶҪˣ
쿴ǵɻЦŽ͵Щ˶ڹԵģÿ˵ĿζһеϲЩĲˣеϲЩĲˣʱϲʲôľʲôģúÿ˵ĿζԶ̶٣Ҳ˷ѡ
һ˵֮䣬ʵŲ˼˵Լû뵽ôˣû׼ˡ
ֻԼĻԣЩСܲͷ֪ʵ϶᲻˵ġ
ܺǳ޲
СܲͷƽһַſڵδʱܸȤȲͷ²ˡ
ǰͷ֪ϰճԲϷҿɲ˷ѣ˶ٲ˶ó꣡
һСܲͷûвӦġ
˼ں󣬴ֻöⷨʵúܣ˵ϲЩˣҶһȥȦζִ˵ۣʵζ
ƼҵˣȻֻܳŴĲˣȻ̵ء

һȺСܲͷǸ㡢Ӳϣ̫Ϊ˺棬һʹ²ˣµȴֲʣţֻܶˡ
öʳСŮԵöԲģֱ˵߲·ָӲźЩ
磬ʹȥ
ͶԺǰŵģԺӹһȻ˵ǻʵҲһȺСܲͷڴ档
ʼеСĲԸȥϣɼŴĸˣ㶼ȥˡ
ҲģͷռҵĺԲϣЩô
οԱţСܲͷˮˣĵҲ
ЩƽڼǾˣ¿ˣˣкóԵкģʲôʲôȻǸ˻ˡ
Ǹ˻ˣҲЩ¶
塣
ƽǺϲЩġ
ΪͱǴϼ꣬Ա˵ԸԱ߿ţҪʹ塣
ʵǲ̫ϲģԭ壬ɣҲϲ
ɲϲá
Ҳû¶ʹӦ
ڳ߾
ԭΪܸʢãŽӴ壬ղôЩУû뵽£ȴƳԾɲСѾͷ
Ǹ֣ҲˣЦŵСտɱУСùˣС͹Ŀѧʲôһѧͻᣬ游ڵʱ򾭳˵СùǶӣһ˼ҵλôСùá
˲¶Ҫò׾ܱˡ
⻰ǲУ˼üڻΪġ
ʤˡ
㣬컹̾ѣѾˣٹ꣬϶󺹶Ķ֣
̫ͺϲ壬ո߳
еʱ룬ʵ̫ϲ壬ϲ˳ᢡƿȫֵĸо
ҲգЦЦСʵ̧̫ˣ˵Ҵʵǰ̧̫ˡ
ʵԭڿƶߵʱ򣬽ͻȥһ壬ʱĥ
Ҵǰû˵Сջ壬ϲ壬ɼСղĴ
ܶأɶȴܼвУʵǲ򵥡
ǸˬģЦŵǰͱ佱ˣ˵ʱ仹磬ǲһֺˡ
䲻ôϲ壬ɽһֻδһ֡
ǶӮˡ
Ϊܻ᲻ˣû뵽Цеģֻ˵ԼҪȥϰС


 40 

ʱ, ܱҪǣϾСܲͷ, ˴󸣽ų, ԻȥȻҲ󸣽밲, һһȥ, ·Ϻķѵʱ䲻١
ֻЩСܲͷԸ, ƵŶ, Ǻʲôʮүү, 
ƵǸСӣԲʮֿɰӡÿμʱǰܻ̣ǰŬڵʱ, Ȥü, ˵ǲڼŰˡ
СӵĿǺдȾԵ, һ޲ҪʱʣµСܲͷʼ, ޵Ϊġ
ȥ뿴ƶߴ, ᲻뿪ʮôĵط
µҲһһġ
վһЦԷ, һ˵´ǹ档
ǺȻĻЧ
Сܲͷ߸ŵ֡ŮٴУƤӶ˵, ȴҲЩҪȥĴ㡣
Ҳǳûˡ
ʱֻ˹
⼸նסԺģҲ˵пҪģԶӾӪֱӹˡ
ʵ۳ֵ࣬˳ûмģֻǶ򳤵øŬһЩϴżࡣ
ζһŵöҿˣֱ
ǸǰʱΨŵӺһʮ塱˶֨
ֻúЦ
ͻȻһص¶Ҳ̲סɨ˶һۣѹû࿴һۣŸ˽ܡ
˸ǰһǲЦͷǴк
ЦЦʮıաǼ
ԸЩཻ̫飬˸ȥˡ
ĵͦʱģһЩСܲͷ㱧˵Ҫȥ
£֮ãͷˡ
ʹŵ·ϣ̲ס䣬˾ʮı𣿿žǸģ
ڹȴҲģ˵СС;ͼб£¹ľ
ͷɵҸ統Ȼˡ
ڱĵҲû˵ʲô
ܺܿһСܲͷһСܲͷӳ̽СԴ۾ͨͨģһ
ֻͦ˼ġ
ǰǴûԼԺΣСӸ޸УͬСӴ򽻵ˣֻЩСܲͷͦɰġ
Сһ滹ͦ۵ġ
Ъˣȴ֪չҺÿСܲͷ߶ĺá
жû뵽֮󣬿ƶߴˡ
󣬰˵ȥʱӦǴģ˹͵ģȴû뵽ǰ̵ͦġ
Ҳǰ˵֪ƶߴˡ
ڳϣѾԼ󹬵¶䲻ģɺ볯öϢϢصģ¶ǻעһ
ʲ֪ԭƶߴַ̫ˡ
ƶߴһڻ̫ǰڳһûǿƶߣ̫λá̬ȣԴ󸣽ҲͰˣԻ̫ҲǺܿ
̫ܳͷʵڼܲסƶߴʵ̫ˣŶȻǲüϵŮǽǽҲǸʣȥɣһд벼˵ġ
ƶߴԸߣûˣˣˡ
û뵽ֱ̫˰ʰ
⻰ֱ̫࣬Ƕƻһ˰Ȼоһ죬ɼıƶߴĥҪˡ
Ҳǵģ̫ЩΪ󺵵鷳ĲѣʱʱQһ£˭˲ķ
˻ȥˣǴ¶
ĵ󸣽˸ˣˣԭȥģû뵽ȴûʱ䡣
ԽԽأ̫սൽ鷿ȥ
ʲôˣ
ᣡ
ڶ쿴ɸΪ֮ôɣʲô취ûãЩֲȴҲ˴첥ֵʱ
԰ɣ¶ȥҲûçŶ̩ˣҲʿˣֱӸڼš
˭Ҳյģ赣ġ
Щʳûڶ٣඼Ǵ͢ģֲ˶ãĺģܲܽеµĽʿǺɣ
˻ͦӵġ
򲻵ʳçŶ̩㽫򵽶ȥˣһѵ鷿ʵˡ
̫⼸ķѣżµʱ䣬˾һȦƵģԽçŶ̩ĵѹûϣҺõǶЩʳЩʳֻ¹˶೤ʱ䣬ϰ콫ʿ㣬ǵʳҲֻܳĸµʱ䡣
µףٹĸҲŻ£괺ֲ֣ѿ˵Ҳüµʱ䣬ѵʱ䣬콫ʿԲȣϰնɣ
ȿڣ֮ǰҲЩǵĽʿϰʱˣ󺹿ԽʳŲգ߳ԲϷİ콫ʿǡ
ıգȻҪһá
̫ҡҡͷֻҲֲ˶õġ
˲Զܰʮ¾ͲˣƵǵʳڱˮн
ΪǵСĵˣ֪¶ͷ޲װƵĽͷɳȥ
̫һȦçŶ̩ϣҪûмǴʳǴ͢˻ģɻ
çŶ̩ʾ֭ôڣ񱻻̫㵽æ׼ʹ˵ģʳֻ̫¼ֲ˶ˡ
Ҳûò˼ÿһ첻ֻһģиС൱ڶֵ˼Сǻ̫ĴӺ񣬡ŴҶֵܣ֮ĲҲֵܣԾ뵱Ŵ󺹵ʶܲܽʳң
̧ͷ֪ԼʼӲһٵģҲ衣
⻰˵նԥ
Ը裬˵çŶ̩ˡ
çŶ̩˱ŵûУȴƤ񣬡㲻ҪǲԸҲɣǾңڵʳļ۸ٸɣ˰ɣ
ͦģҲȥͷʳʲôۣҵʳǮ屶ˡڶͼʶçŶ̩ж޳ܣҲǼֲˡ
ҼȲ棬ֲǹûնʳϡ⺵Ҳ֪ʲôʱǸͷ¼ǧʿָʳˣ㻹ȥ취ˡ
Щ˵͵ľǼ
çŶ̩֪˲˵תͷ̫󺹣⡭ܲĽʿɣ


 41 

˵ʵڵ, çŶ̩˰ɣ䲻ô, Ľʿͦ, ĽʿΪ
, ĽʿǴ̵һѺ, , ̫е᲻á
̫еԥ
æ:, , ǰǴӦҵģ˴ʳ
֪̫ʲôУҲѵǿ˵ʳȽӻ֮ǰҿŹʳǸǳԵ, ˿ڶ, ҴӦ, ĽʿҲһӦġ
˵ţЦЦ, Цݽһ޺Ҳ֪, С, вҵıͶֳ࣬ʲô¶Ҳһס
⻰˵ĺˡçŶ̩, ɱ
¶ô˵ǶçŶ̩Ĳǡ
ʳע̫ƽҪͷ̫Ȼ
˵ʵ죬ǱʳֻҪƴģʱֻܾˡ
ֻ̫ʳҲޣʳá
çŶ̩ҿʳúܣֻǲԸҰˣҿɶ˵ˣӪʳԲ꣬ýʿǴȥҾԣǶ˵ʳ
û赽ʳҲһӻ
ʱ˵Ŀⶼ䵽ϣǿĪԴ⣿
ɫҲԭģ밡Щʿͷ­Ѫ֪ԼɳҲûΪʲôΪԼͷ𣿲ǵģǵмͷأ
ΪĵǼҾܹϱһܹģҸǳԱ˷żҾ죬ֻҲڲӪںóһʳָǴȥܽԴϲ
ҲԭģһǲԸʿûˣҲһǳ£ĵĻᡣ
СûսҪ˶óϷһ򵥵¶
˼⻰˵еҲ˵ʲô
Цһ䡪ָʿǼҾʳԼˣ
˼סЩʳ⡣
ֻǰ첻˵Щãһ˵Щ۾ð̹⣬Ǳġ
ԭŬ໹ŵʱ򣬱ʮ۰ֵرǶ졣
ÿδ̣ǻջսƷȻҪ׸Ŭ࣬ŬÿλֵҪЩʲô򻹺˵ѡ˼˼ǼҪֱ˵ԼҪ
ŬЦĴӦˡ
ټԭȹȥ󸣽ͺʱó֪֮˶ٺöԼӡ
ŬȥʮӶŬ˽̫ԸЩԸͷı׳󣬱㽫Щ˿ⷿ
԰ӦǵͦǮġ
ȻǷ޷޲ƽԹţСǮСԼǮ
Ϊգ˶լӺ󣬻СӲһнӹȥºһ벻԰СӦͦǮģû뵽ûһ£ĽӶˡ
޹鲻ޣɰ취Ҫġ
ּſԼ֪취ȥջǻɴ̵ģ͢ûʳ뾡취Ĵʳûʳ뾡취ʳû취ŮһĴ·  
ÿڻ̫鷿ȥ춼ˣǼ۵Ȼ죬ԼұߵĶҲʮרĵӣŲ˸λãȥˡ
˵ֻ̫꣬ǴƾֻϺˣÿλ̫ʲôʱһ仰ʹˣҲã˵£ǿŰˡ
ⲻƿڼ˵ʵ֪˼ƮĶȥˡ
˾У㳶˳Ƶӣȱɳأ
ۣɨһۣ΢΢ףˡ
Ҿ΢е֣˵Сֵɰ̫˶岻ãúʹɩ˵˵ԺԵ㡣
ⴿûһ
ƵͷһлпȥǸ棬һֱ߶ˡ
ͦϲǸСӵģ࣬Ʃʲô֣꼸ˣһԼٷÿٳԼ뷹ûпʼ顭ѹĺܵͣȴڶˡ
çŶֵ̩ͦģȣ񱾾лһǻ̹Ŷ˺üۡ
ʹ۰ռСƽôڼˣģ˵𾢶ȻûçŶ̩
ҲˣŴϴ磬Ҳ˵ʲô
һʱȥˣ̸ˣҲʹ˵ʱȥռСӡ
ųţʶ۳ʲôû
ԵܵһݣҲûʲôֻô죿ҿ̫˼ǵŰҿ̵̫˼
ǸŬ԰çŶ̩һֱͷ̣Ҫƽ͢Ѫһͬġ
һ㶣˲ȴȴǳõʱǹʣ˵ûôѹ򣬿ɵҲЩʿһһأ콫ʿҲˣҪϢϢ⼸ĽʿãؼǰǱߡ
ͳ죬˵ݡ۵λԶģսպգǵ̫֮ǰʱ
ʮ꣬սͣĽʿһҲ㣬ȴ۳Ͷٵģֻ͢ʤ㲻
ǰӣӦÿˡ򽫲Ųû˵ʲô˵ˣçŶ̩ǵһ˵־Լ磬ʲôʱ˵ʲô֪ģԬȥ֮ҿ͢˼ϴθԬ϶˰̣λɻֻ̫Ҳֲá
ŵǰ͢к´ˡ
ʱ´һ䣬
ʵ̫˼˶˵̫Ŭ࣬ŵɩӶģ϶Ҫ֤Լͳʴʤˣû죬˵ʵڰ༸ʿȥͳ˧ţ۾ܽǴӮ
̫˴ԣȻһ֤Լˡ
Щʱ֤ԼҪʵġ
Ҳô¼֣콫ʿҲҪһȥģʱʿ˶
ǳȰ̫Ը
ֻü֣ⶣ˶켸䣬̫Ǳߣ㲻ҪȥȰ˰Ǿͷţġ
֪ġ
еʱɣû̫е˼ڲ÷ŵĵطűˣ̣ٽʿԲ㻹Ҫȥ̣˭Ըȥ
ֻǶû뵽ǰ֮Ȼͻ̫෴֧񹥴͢
ʱʢսʣӣаʱ䣬˲٣˲٣е緢ģ

 42 

컹ָŰܹ֮Ϸ, Լ, ԭΪ̫ѵ, û뵽̫, ˵н֮, ǰĳ, Ҳ볯̸, ÿ깩Ķᷭˡ
죺
Ҳͨ, ̫£û뵽ӡִҪҲȰˣֻĽʿ˴꣬ҲЪһЪˡ
çŶ̩Ǻսȴбϵ, çŶ̩һ̶ǰλ, Ӣս, йɳ徢ɰȴ˳, ὫԼ󻯣ֻһ, ûеߡ
̫ɫеѿ, ˵⺵ô⣿
úܼ֣졢ֶĻãҲ, çŶ̩ЩʳĶʼֻҪʳָô죿
ǧʿټϵڳʵ졢콫ʿܹˣһÿնҪԶģǳԶԺö
ʵҲ޿ɺǣ˼֮ǰΪͷ­ѪҪ󲻹֡
ʵǣԲ
Ǹ߸ˡضػû뵽һһӻҲǺܺãңô֪ڳʴ̣Ͳ֪ҪʳҲܶʳ
ҵǲδ֪֪к飬ʳ֮ǰΪβдŸһҲָʳָ˰ҲһнʿԲ³
Ǹģ෴ͦƽ˵ͦзִģҲǱˡ
һǡ̫콫ʿǡ̫⽫ڳʣ£ĵܼܵöʡãҲ̫С˼ĴգһˣȽˣһ
Ȼ̫ôƣҾͲˡ
׵Ķ̲ס˰һֻۣðˡ
̫ɫÿȴҲ÷ƢտĽʿһǴӢۣȻǳԲ˰Ѳֿ򿪣ʳָЩʿ
һֻû̫󺹵Ҳͦģǰѧ͢û뵽һ£ֱˡ
û˵ˡ
ΪȥЩû취⣬ҲçŶ̩Ա͵͵˳ȥ
ڳʣֻһ̫¶Լ
£ȥεһȦ
󸣽ϲݶģֵĶӣ߽ȥɳɳ죬켫ˡ
Ӫ࣬ʳǷʳģѾдûˡ
ʱ֪ĶȥˣԺﾲĵġ
ȥʱ󸣽ڹЪϢɫʮֲÿ
æ󸣽ǲˣ
û¶һԵЦ󸣽𻰣ǻԵʣ󸣽Щġ
Ļܿ
е㲻š
󸣽ְڰ֣¶ֲʲôˡ
˵ţִСϣ㰡ҪֶֶŮˡ
һԵæ󸣽˵ʲôĿ϶Ǹӣ
ģһϲʵ뵽ģŵֻܵ˻ġ
ʲôƵģǵʷд󸣽δжӣиӣᱻΪһδ󺹣ʷֻ¾Ҫдˡ
Ҳ֪󸣽ǶиӣǸӣƶҲὫ͹ġ
뵽е˲ˣֻ󸣽Цŵһûиˣ񻹺Щֻ֪ҪĴ£Ż£еʱҲãٵϼٸߴҡ
ǲûл˵Ĺأɴ󸣽ȴ¿ջϲһӲãҲ֪⺢ܱܲס
ȥЩ¶ֻ֪˿϶˵ģ˵ЩӻǶඣЩѣɱײ
ӲãƽЪžЪţҲһնڴϣϰʱȥߡ
СƵģ˺ܶࡣ
󸣽Цĺϲ£죬㰡ǸТ˳ģû¶˵˵ÿĲǴܾҲ֪ͷЩʲô¶
ȻЦ˵á
Ŵ󸣽˵˻Ự󸣽¶ƣ̬ǡ
û뵽ߵſڣͼŴܵſڣƣһǵġ
˱ʯ˵
ɹŮֱˬҲĨǣһ̥ļѣƫƫź飬ÿյĲѣԼǽĴ󸣽ΪʣÿճʳҲǽڼúܣ³ȥܲס
ֻο¶ġ
룬ǵ͢λҽ¹ҽʱͽܣҽ˵ãǸŮʥ֣Ҫʵǵģ˽
һôô͢ҽʲô֪ı飬ȴҲ֪λӴԸԸ
Ͳòģа취һЦԸʲôʲôİ취Щ㻹ǵö󸣽ҪģԺӲá
ܵͷͷĺˣʱҺչˣûûصĳײ˽㡣
Ѳ裬Ҫˣ͵ģܶ
˭֪ܱмҪ㡭Ϻ¶ǲģ
⻰˲֪˲˶֪ˣŲɣȴǲŵģλСչƶˣĻɲȫš
ڶ쿴һɹ£ҲѣһЦȻǣ˵һδ֪𣿡
صͷš
⻰öеû취ˣҲƭܣҲܽԼԽ¶˵¶ʵǷ˼ƭҲ֪ô˵ܶδҶ֪󸣽ĺӡ
æ¶𣿡
󸣽¶ֻǡһ̥ǸŮ
ܳĬˣ֪Ǹø˻ǲˡ
ԶŮνģϾѪɻ̫ͿƶҪһӡ
Ҳи׼û¶ʱ࿪󸣽õʱܲˡ
Ͼ֢Ǻصġ
ϣˡ
ٴλص̫鷿ʱѾ˱㡣
ôĶһղʲôȥˣ֪֪ղŷ˴¶ı顣
ӵһ
̫çŶ̩Ҽλʱ򣬾˵ĺĴչֵ֮ͬвͬļҪçŶ̩Ժ常ҵһӦ
ŴçŶ̩ûǽ֮ǻŲԣֵ֮䲻Ϲ鲻ϣͼöȴˡ

 43 

˶֪, ĽɽŬܵܣҲǰͼöʵĸһͬµ, Ŭĸܵ, Ψһĸͬ
ֵ˳һ, , Ŭź֮ܶͬ, սıĽʿ, Ŭʱ, ΪŬัֵĵλ
һȨҪĸ࣬˽͢ãҪú֮λżһ췴ֻǺܿϧ, ˡ
Թܿ, 뱻Ľ, ˣǼһ췴ĶҲˡ
ǸʱСŬ, öСԲŵԻ
Ŭൽ׹ֵ֮, ö, ֵ˷ֹ졣
ںܶ˿ﳼ֮ӣʵʵ
çŶ̩Щеһ
ڰ, ǸӣЩ֪Ϊ¶սΪ֮ӣӦƹܲ
ҲΪһڣ԰²Ը䣬ǰٰƲͷԼ򵥵çŶ̩
ⲻŬȥ°ֵܾͣ
ƫƫçŶ̩ίˣһʹ죬󺹣ǲֵܣô첲գҽľ仰˵ˣ
ЦһçŶ̩ŪĽʿҰһģûа꣬Ϊ㻹ܰգҰ걻Ľʱ򣬴󲮾˵Ժ˭Ҳ¶ôȥûã⻰ɾˣ
Ҿ֪Ϊ콫ʿ콫ʿҪǿϹҲס鷳ˣԼҵأ
Ҫ濴Ҳ˳ۣбԺ̵ʱǰͷҪ콫ʿͷ󣡡
콫ʿСѪʿ֮ƣǰ˭ԸԼĽʿǰ䣬ÿʱ򣬰ӧս˵֮λԼһһοžġ
ûİ꣬ҪӸλҲʲô¶
ϣ˦תߡ
̵ģ˭˭š
öʼˣæ׷˳ȥ
̫ɫãһӣ⻼ʱǲôȹѹأֵ֮϶ʲô
ҲԲǰֵ֮˵ЩʲôҪǸھȪ֮¼˸öģ
ÿʱĶ
˶̲סƲƲ죬çŶ̩ʵڲǸ
˰̫Ϊ˰˲ֱֿӲ֮һʳǼν
˵ӳ˲ٺöЩܳԲܺȵģʲôã
ȴçŶ̩ǳ˺Ի̫˵Ǹûᡣ
ƽçŶ̩˵㣬̫£Ψˡ
ȻԼҲͦġ
ٺ٣ûʲôգ˯ˡ
ֻû뵽˯㣬ȴ˵пˡ
һԭǼöʡ 
ҹģöȾƵģãҲ⣬ö첻Ⱦƣר̴̳Ӻþƹ
֪ԼǸģԺֳԴŹǷöһߺȾһ˵еĿơ
еĵģհ֮˵˵¶Ĳصû뵽ȴͷѵһ١
ֵʮ꣬˵Ǽöǰܵܣɰһֱɶġ
ö밢˼䣬ﲻ
ռö׷ȥȰû뵽˸ûеʱҿĽͶֵԶȵģеʱͲʱֵӶѰ֪˵ſǵЦ
ǸʱҺͣĵģ֪ʲôʱһּСûˡ˵š
Ҳ֪ûʲôڴ󲮸ǰ˺üΣԼľһ֮λǣôʹӲҵأ׵ܵܣѵܺɣ
˵ţ͹ȥһھơ
쿴üöҲͦģ뵱ôиŬ໤ţöԼô͵ʱ򣬰̣˶ûС
ļöʵļóһ̬֮Ȱ뿪㣬Ҫ治ǸǿƵӣСյλҲֲ㡣
ˣͦġ˵ҺͶҲãС򵽴Ҳȥ길Ͷȥ˵㵱ӡ
öʿЦһҵԸһͺˣʲôʱ򶼽һĺúõأҾͿ˸
û˵ǵë͵͵󵽻̫ǰȥģΪ֪밢˵һӦ˵ֵܼʣңҳ̣ʲôʱ˲Ϊ棬öʣúúûţƽƽĻš
Щ¶öʽ̳Ӿƶȥ
˲Żʲô¶ǵõġ
һݵˣ쿴ļöȴͷۣ밲˽͵ͷû뵽ƽ￴źܽļöǱ˸Ƶģק᲻֡
ϰ֮־ܴ˼˶û취ֿ
Ҳû취ֻԼ˯һŴϡ
û뵽جεĿˡ
öʺ˾ƻˣ϶Ҳˣҹ˵λ컹ˡ
ɶôû뵽ö˯༫ҪôȺ͸첲ѹϣҪôڽ󣬸ǽһ˴
켸ǺڿСҹҲǹúܣŰҹˣȥͷ
˵Ļںͷ
ڶһöһŶһƣ̬һƬϣ죬ôأϿȥǿأ
Լ
öȶƬˣߵ̴ѣʲô¶رû취קߣ¶˼ЦݣǸ
ĩˣһ䣬죬¶ɱ˵
˵ȥҲǹֶ˵ġ
һҲŲ˵ˣһȢϱˣöʡҾͲˣĸôܵ˵ģ
öʺٺЦһŲ˵˵ĸÿǰͲǹȥۡĸร檶ϣȥ
˵ˣǹֶ˵ġ
ˣ˼ö緹
˭֪緹һ㣬̫˹˵ҪǸϿһˡ
ʱ磬ǰ¶ʱδʱ
öʶһۣ֪д·緹ûãͶһȥ˹
ΪԼģû뵽ֵʱ򣬳çŶ̩˶ˣһɫ࣬ɫΪѿ
ˣŵһ䣬󺹣ôأ
ˣ̫Ǻܸ˵ӣ̫һϲŭɫɫʮټ


 44 

̫ɫ, ڶӡУδ̫ɫѿʱ
Ǵ˵ôһ¡
ԭ볯ǩԼ, û뵽һ, ʾ͵, ͢д, δ˰̡
ðĻ˵, ʾ͢һ, Ǵʱ, ܲ͢ʣһߣ˵ӦǵĻתͷͶ͢Ļ̶״ˣ֪ˣ͸һ˳ЩСӣ
˵»ںͷ, ͢ǶԳʴ˾ٽ˱, ˵ʡ, Ȼǡ˵, ˼ͺϵ̫һ
ǽĹǺڻ̫˿, ЩҲǹҪġ
⻰, ֺֺֻЦ
˵֮ǰŬǰ׷ˣ֧֡
úЦԭû̫ѾҪ, һʺ͢ҲͦҪģҲǣҪҴȥȵĲǲҪ
ٵçŶ̩⻰Ҳߵúܣֱ˵Ҫٴιʣ
̫ȴʡΪ壬Ǿ֦͢Ѿ͢ˣҲûӹ
͢ͳʵ˭Ƕ䡣
̫ת죬ɻԬ
ʱ˵ĿڶϣɫԬ˽ܺƵģԬԬȷǺÿ̸ĶЩҳ֮£Ҫ鵹û𡣡
Щż㣬̫ʵǿģʲ߸
̫΢΢ס
򲻴͢£¶յȻһ
ת̬
çŶ̩ձ̫˵һ٣Ƣ˵㡣
Լ˰ʱʤ൱ڰ״ˣ͢˼Ҳðͷ
һ̫ˡһȥ͢
ȴò˵ϼ䣬ɼŶɨ񣬼ƶʿ˵ҪһͬĻ룬߻ȥ
͢ɲģʢĽʿػʹĽʿ˼ȫ
ΪȻӲġ
е㵣ģǺе㵣ĵ֣ƫƫ̫ӶˣҲȥһ̫
˵Ҳǰ˵
˵ʱӵĵģפɽأԬԶݣеıݶѾ޺ãԬ˴ûаյ̣ݵҩѾ׼ˡ
˵ţʶԾƬ̵磬˵᲻͢볯ʹ⳪һ˫Ϸǵǳս
ʵҲûܣֻû˭룬˶͢Ѿǲ͢͢Ѿӷս
һ㶣ˣǴսǾްʤ㡣
С飬Ԭ˽⣬һС䣬žһһƷٵλãҲǸʮˡ
ԬǾ͸˵ˣֻ͢ƷĹ٣˼ܣΪ˽թ
Σֻ׶༪١
һҳЩϾ˲ϲʲôܣ͢˷ֿˣֻ׼
һ磬Ǹô죿ѵĲʹ˵
Ϊͻ̫˵ˣջسģһֱҪ֤͢Լζ˵ǸᣬᣬʹƾͲһԸˡ̫̫˼ˣһֻǴˡ
һⲻǸȥ
ֵ鶼ܳأһ·϶û˵
̫ʱ䶨³ʮӻǻ̫ʦġ
ǰĻ̫ǲЩģΪγʵ׼࣬Ŵʦ˵˴쿪ʤ
³壬Ҳյʱˣ׼ִͦٵġ
ŸջеĴ󸣽ͦ۵ġ
Ҫ̫æѾδȥ֪󸣽ˣ֪󸣽С
հȥ󸣽ɫʹǰǲЩΪ˳һ·ġ
ɵŶ棬ֱ˵û¶Һʹ󺹸ʮ꣬Լ̳кλ֮󣬴ĶɸԸһͳ£Ըˣôأ
Ա̷ҩ⻰ʮԼ㣬ɽҲܲԼӰ㿴㣬ӶˣյĴ󺹡
󺹾ڹ뿴ܿüţʱȥˣֻԲ˯õġ
ܣ󸣽ɨһۣα˵ЩжҲ
󸣽֣ǰ˵ݵľǼצƵģɫ죬һе³ߵ֣ܺҲ֪ܰұ𣿡
û뵽󸣽Լ㶵ͷ󸣽ģһû¶ġ
Ͼ̫һˣ˭ˣ뷽跨ᱣȫԼ
󸣽Цŵлˣ졣
Цܼˣֻ󸣽ţѾȥ͢һλ¹ҽ͢ʱͽܣҽʮ˵ã¹ڣһ᳤ġ
ףɴ󸣽ʱҲԼԼ˵˵󸣽ӲãֻⱲУУҲѲ
֪󸣽ƶӳ
ʵʹһʢӵģֻӹ°ϲ̫ÿÿ̫㶼㲻ôܻУ
󸣽Ҳףڣû취̫¶ӣֻ¿ƶҪ͸Ůӹ
󸣽Цָлϵлȴûôϣģ͢һ˶ߣԸʢ
Ҳģʱ¹ҲԼʱ¹󸣽˲Ӫкˡ
Ļͦġ
󸣽˵˻㿪ʼֱȥˡ
ԺﵴǧˣСѾͷҲʮָ˵ӡ
קŶӵʮ壬ǲǲˣ
⼸վʱ󸣽ˡ
Ҳһûûεﶼ˼ǳ
СͷЦŵģǶû¶ġ
𣿡š
û뵽ԼСѾͷ岻סˣЦŵȻģʮʲôʱƭƭˣұСòã
СѾͷ⻰ϲ˼Ц⡣
ǿʮõˣȻǲƭǵġ
ֻҾҪȥˣԹڼңɱǶÿҪԷʳһˣðװֵģһöööòã


 45 

СѾͷϲŸո˵Ц, һ⻰ۿֱͨͨ죬һ, ֱӿ, ĸ첲, Ҫ, Ҫ, Ҫʮȥ̣ʮ, Ҫȥ
СС, Ҳ̡֪ʲô˼Щ˵ȥ̣Ҳûлˡ
ǿᣬʵʮ壬ȥòã
״ﲻ֪Ǹø˻Ǹѹ, ֻƽû, ֻЦŵҴӦ, һƽģʱǴööóԵĺġ
СѾͷҲ˷ĳ, קԼʱ, ֻĬĬᡣ
ܼˡ
, ûʱȥʱ䣬Ҳȥ, ͽġ
Ҳȥ˸ʱЩʳȥ󸣽УֻҲʱʱ̹̿СѾͷ
ھӪ֮УǱȶиЩԭΪ콫ʿһ᲻Ը⣬û뵽ǵͦߵģֱ˵ϴȥë̻ûʼѾˡ
ڽһӲ̣콫ʿǺĵġ
״ζȫŸǲ콫ʿɥ
תۼ͵˳֮գ콫ʿ̡̤
³ѵգо·ȶǿ϶٣һʿźĿף߲˼󺹣еʱһˣܵĻʪġ
ʱȾϷ纮ÿеĳǰŨŨĽ
˵һγľ飬첢ûиоرӦΨгʳͷЩ򵥣һʳˣǳǰɳԲ˼Ѿˡ
ҹ·ܿ͵͢ڡ
ɺϴһ콫ʿ··ɻ̫죬·ָçŶ̩·򽻸˴ƺͰСգҪżһġ
ĸ˻̫öʸçŶ̩Ŵ밢
򲢲ģֱǰһǽֽȴûãο磬ģû¶ģ̫ôһˣɲô»ġ
һ㣬Ƿĵģֻۣˡ
ϴɽڷ飬ú£ҲߣԺС£һһҪܣʲôò׼¶ǵøдš
Ǹò̫ԭҪʿţһһؿӱҲһʱ䡣
ͷ˵á
˵ڶ죬දŻ̫ݱƽǵĸŬһƬس˰̡ˣҲ̫ܽĶȫû
ʵһʼʱԬ뵽ˣȴû뵽콫ʿô죬Զڵ׼Ҳû׶
ݵؽʽ̣ʽǺӱϣϱ˵٣һǼ͢ʵʶҲûľʵ۵ϣŽս
ʽ֣˵ģǹʱʽ̾פΪǣƣֻǺܿϧûκʵԵá
ҲͦùģǽؽʱԬ֮޽ݡӡǣͼոʧء
ԣʽ̷פݱ̽裬󶼶ֻǻûȥˣ͵˻̫
ʵʱ򣬽ݱ㣬ֻһңҪȣȴ
ʽվڳϣѹѹһȺˣҲһֱ
Ҳ֪콫ʿǽֻһ֣ԬԹ˲Ͼʱ
ڻ̫ߣӪڣҶ
˵ݳڵı㣬ɼܲסк´ڰǲһӦжϽһк·ǵʳͶ
ֻǺܿϧ̫緢취ٶ̫
ǰֶԲߣ̫鷿ĶˣɽӪֻŻ̫컹м˻̫ǶأֻӲ
̫һʴʲô
еĸ˵Ӳеĸ˵ʽͶеĸݶֱ˵¶ÿ˵һ
оУɻıööܿҲϰգĹǳأҲԷڡ
ȥպ̩ʽͶķӣ̫΢㣬ģ̫̫⣬ֻ죬죬ô
ҿڲռƣ˵ôôҪʽôӦ֮ߡ
һȦɫݣƺֳ־Լܲ⣬ֻӽ͵һǽݳẓ̇ҪӲʵк´ڣǲûʲôʤԡ
һʼû̫˱֯ΣܹԷΡ
ʵʽûк´ڣҲûʲôʤ㣬ʱӲҪԽǽʱ͢ʿڳǽÿˮҲãǶҲգͦ鷳ġ
̫΢΢ף֪֪˷ܰսʤֻǺܿϧǶʽ̲˽⡣
첢ͷ¹ǧʿòͷˣʽ̣һ취סǣọֻ́ҪԮ
ʵվʽ̵ǽؽ϶ǲй޹һǰӷ
ǵ˭֪ɸô֣ʽҪӣҲǺܱġ
ȥҲû
ֻ̫˵ЪϢϾڽʿ۳ͶٵģЪϢһ֡
Ӫʣȴء
ϲ̣һζҪֲọ̀Ҳܷûг¡
ʱȴһ֧滹һţһ˽Źڼϣġ
СգǸġ
ԭΪǶԼţû뵽չżһȴԬĹġ
Ԭдͦ򵥣ֱ˵ϴҲидţżĵʢȥˣӦûյģ˶ڽסϰϰߣȱʲôʲôֻܸһ͹
ŵ˵֮ĶԼǵãֻҪҪһģ㽫졣
ţЦԷǣѵԬԼҪͶ
ǾԬде˼͢Ϊ˴̵ģǹġ
ܿдһŹȥŵҲͦ򵥣˵һжá
ĩˣǽһ𽻸ȥ̫
ڽսССģһͽ춼˵ˡ
ǰĻ̫׿ףҲˣӹſû⣬Žͳȥ
˵̫оһ㶼⣬ǽһ£ҪȥһǳҪ飬ɻǵõʢʱȥһλ¹ҽ


 46 

ͷ, ȻǼǵãǰ, ɳȥ˼Ż˵¹, Ըʢ, ɳȥ˺ݺһ١
͢˺޽, ⲻһյ, Ǵ򲻹, ֻ¹ҪݺݴЩһٵġ
Ҫ㽫λ¹ҽȥ
ʵ֪ܲܳɹ, 鲻ҪȻǵԼȥˣҪǵãǸˣƢ϶Ǵ, ʱһҪú˵, Ҫ
, ܲɣûؾ, Ӧһȥ׼ˡ
ȥҽһտ϶벻, Щӱպ̩ݴλá
˵պ̩쵱С, Ը⣬պ̩ȴϲеģֱ˵û¶, ˵ʲôԼҲͺСղˡ
ûм֡
ʵպ̩ʮַģЩӾ۲պ̩ûкçŶ̩պ̩˼磬ҹ˩Լ߻öЩ
һ㱻̫ȥӪʡ
û뵽ӪֻӴֵܶˣź˶ûС
̫ǿżɽȻ˵ûյʽ̵ţ˵Ҫ̸̸Ǽ٣Ҫʱģ죬ô
ڿ죬ʵҲûס
ʼɣԽԽ࣬˼ҲԽԽ࣬رǰ콫ʿƬǱʶľ£ڰ콫ʿУϺŬе񣬵ûĵطһ̫ܹ
̫öʱʱ򣬾о۷׷ףǸʱ̫û۵ԽԽ࣬ҲỳԼǲԼĲУ
һû˯ŸŬʱʱΣҲ֪ôؼʱ򣬸ûٴθΡ
ɻʵôֱӣί㡣
ңҲ֪ҲԶ˼ʷ飬ò֣Ҳǰʣǵʷ͢ڴ˳սдʤǴɾ
⻰˵»̫Ͱ̻ˣǰ콫ʿܹˣ·͢ȴʮפĴֻûʤ㡣
̫ĵͦõģ·ơֻ±¹ֳܷɼ·޲ߡ
̫һ룬Ļ֮ȥдҪȥˡ
ȿһ֪еˣҪȻҲ벻
˵ڶգеİ콫ʿڽݳǸϡ
һ򽾰ԴĵçŶ̩óĬˣʵԭԸ񣬻̫һ¡һµģͿʼˣ񡭡Ҳ²
Ѿǵˣʽ̲šͶÿնڳǽϺɤӣʲôˣֱ˵ǿȥɣǵԮҪˣΪαܾأ
⻰̫ϴ
̫ǱűʤľģûӮʳûȥ硣
̫û취ֻܼᡣ
˶ˣҲĵű̫ԣŴ˵Ļֱüͷ
⻹ûʼˣƾ˵ҪǻȥɣϾ͢к´ڣԶ
˭º´ڣ
ûۼʶȴҲ˵ģ˵վڳ棬´ڷ䣬ܰ˸ˡ
ѵçŶ̩վͳһսߣֻˣôܻȥǲսܣʱʹظ͢ǽʿǳӱ콫ʿһӦ
çŶ̩Ȼ͡
Ʋ˵ˡ
ʵ̫ҲǺͰһǵĸŬˣȻⳡ̲ôôģֻҪⳡʤˣǴ͢ҲͲԶ
ɻ̫˰ɣʲôϱ¶һɨͷСգʵǼģ
졢򡢼ö˽޳ɴ̡
ǵʵҵǾһ̲һʤ㶼ûС
⻰һɫˣ֪󺹿֪ʽ֮¶
͢սؼһؽݵʽ̣һɽص𣬻һԶǵԬ
͢䣬УƷԬͷͷ
ʽҲԨԴŬ๥Զʱʽ̹ǰͣŬҵʱ𿸲סˣʽ֧Ԯʽ̣ûȥ
ʵ˵˭˭Ͼÿ˵һͬսˣʲôô
ֻʽǡֵܣ̳Զˣȥȥѳɶ֣αعȥͷ
Ҳˣ˵ӽˡ
ǰ˻ֹ죬ǳ͢ѹల¡
ڳ˶֪֮ĶԹüͷһ壬죬˼ǿԴ£
΢΢ס
ʱҲéٿָͼ˵ûݱΧڵʳޣֻҲ֧Ų˶ã˶೤ʱ϶Ԯ֧ԮģԬԶǣһ𡣡
õҲųսʽ̲ϲҲͷЦ
취Ҳûбĸõİ취ˡ
ٴ˳Ĭ֮С
Ƕ⼸Ҳʽ̿϶ŸԬһ϶һ͵ԬϣǲڽݵԶǵıؾ֮·Ž
֮أֻԼǰ̫СֵˣʽԬͬŶ꣬ûյʽ̵ſ϶İ취һŲУţŲţܻ©֮㡣
ЦһԬյʽ͵ĵһţӦþͲеڶţڵš
Ҽǵôλʦд֣ʽ̵ּġһȥԬ
ԬյϢԬϢˡ
ҲУ
̫һ㶡
çŶ̩ȴֱ֣ͷǾ侭ͷСӶʲôŸûô˵ǱҪ͢ЩԮǸãԬôһˣ̲סʽ̵ּ
µһԲ֪ǲԣ⽩ֻԶơϰߺçŶ̩ദʽʵɣçŶ̩˴Ǵ˵㣬Ҳر𻵣ԬţǶûʲôʧҪԬˡһ׮
Щռһ塷ⱾΪԼ̵ָ·ƣ۶飬û͢Щ˵Ķ֣ԬеٮٮߣҪ˵˼άôһʤ㡣
̫Ͱȥˣдʲôдȶ
ôʽдŵ˼ǲܱģϾԬʽǶͬʽ̵˼άϰ봦·һ˽ġ
çŶ̩ộɴƸóݡʦɫȻҲǶԴơƻһְ


 47 

, ŵǰ콫ʿͳôˣһ, Ԭ, ˱Ȼǲʵ, 糪һճǼơ
ͲС, , ϧú, , ټϴǰܹˣٳȥ̣¶û¶ڼĥ塷
˵ţǿ˶һۣ죬Σ
Ȼû˵, ɶٲȻѳˡСʦ, ⻰Ҳ˵, ȥǼҵס
ȲĶֻܳ, Ҳ̫Լ˰ɣ˼ҸԼ, Ҳܲ, ֻͷɷµҾ⻰˵еճǼ˵ż, ǵĽʿòĶôȵҪʿǶӪֻ²ܡ
ҲȲ£˵ԺϾкܴѶȡ
Ҳе㷸ˡ
ȴǺԥͷȻҪ˷һѡ
⻰˵˿û
ȴòʣϴȿԿ˷һȺ˶ھӪԷ˯޶һζ붼ԡ
ǻ̫һð취콫ʿһԼˣһʿפԭأһʿ֡Ӫ֮Уһʿڽݳɽʲô紵ݶæȥ֧Ԯ
ڻ̫λպνġ򾫱ǰԶǣҲԬڵء
Ʋ߶ˣȴǶʱ
ϾͶʵǲϻ̫·⼸գʽ̴̫
ʽ̼ųǽѹѹһƬǻҲѣɺһ벻԰̫СҪӲͳˣﻹȵڣ
Ż̫ͽȰ飬֮ԱǡҪʹ򣬴ִӮȰͶΣ
Ҳֱ׵ȥ̫һŭ֮ԬýԻʹȥ̸̫С
ԭ̫Ǵ˽̸еģʽ̲ңթ
ʹơһͬλݵʹԼҲܲμҪĳϱʾ죬ǼöһﾪˡƤ˵ãС˵ʲôҲ˷ϣǽû˹ء
⻰еССʧģΪ̫濴ϵĲŻ
׿Щ̸͢Ϊ׵λʹʱһ㶣ִһ紵ܽλϴүˣҺգ粻󻹸żλʹ
֮󣬱㿪ʼ̸С
͢λϴүλΪ׵ʹ´ڵ֮ҲĶһͷˮ˵ˣüͷĺ޲ܼӬ
ĥĥҲǶ´˵˼ˡǽҲã͢Ҳգǰһڣȥû˼Դˣ˱ҪʲôеԺɾû̸ˡ
ֻλ󳼼ֱǡ˿ӷƨҪʳǻҪǵĳǳأø
ƺίЦŵ´˰Ҳ͢ԪϣҪ͢Ķ
˳Ļ͢ҲûʲôƵˣ
쿴λϵĳ´ǳ˳飬֪νӻ
еһ̫ɵǰ̸УçŶֻ̩λ´˲֪ٻˡ
ǿưԵˣҲں´˺òýӻֻ´ˣ˵ˣ
´˵ֳ˳顣
Ƶλ´˺񻹰˰һۣѧ峵ʫĴ壬ƽصģֻҲǱĲС
ֳԲЦе㽩ҲǸ¶ҿǽɱǧ˶ԣֻɳʮʿһսԴ˶Ӯ
ҪǲҵĻ׳ݳʳͲ񣬲֪´Σ
ӣֵǳ˳顣
⻰˭˭ɵӣ´ʹˣȴǶĿһǸˡ
Щ˶ƻúܣ˵޷ʽ̴򿪳ţӶһսͽݳЩʿͰ콫ʿ˵䲻ģĽѻʯ
ֻ춼һֻѾ̤ײĵĳ´λ᲻֪
֧Ŷ䣬װûշ˵ʲô
ưѽŵĻ˵һ顣
´˳̾˿ʵ̧̫ˣһͣԴ˸ǰ˵Ҳûʲôմ˵ô㶼ǻ㣬ǵõһȥʿԴˡ
˵ţһ٣ô¶ҿԴҲ˼Դ˵ʿԬԬˣԬֻҲдŻȥʻϡ
һȥֻҪȺüˡ
´ҲƳϵĲͷֻλĪҪ֣ó͢ٺ»Сٶȵ˼λƵ˵ʲôʲô
Ҳǿˣ´˰ɣԶЦеģ˵ʲôûƢҪôװûҪô˵ȥⳡ̸ֻҲ޼ա
һʼҲ뵽ġ
˳´ˣ̫һٿ˽飬Ҷǿˣʽʱ䡣
ģ̫鲻ǺܺãֻѾزû·ԣֻܼȥҲм£ǽٵʽ˸Ԭš
ǲµһݳڵʳֻӦһµʱ䣬ʽԬɳԮ
Ѿ˽ǵͳȥˣԬѾյš
ǺϢԸĺϢ
ڳȴһϲɫ
ཻ˸񡪡˵Ļ̫н˵ģ̫Ƕˡ
첢⣬¶̫硣
çŶ̩ȴԼˣֻʲô˼Īǲǣ
Ƕҵֵܣôܲǣ̫ɫսСЩǺõģһ֪һΣա
ô˭ﶼ᲻
çŶֻ̩СֹĪǾǻᵱͽ
Щӣ̫çŶ̩ϵߵúܽ£֮⣬ʵλ߶ԣܶʱҪҪǷӣҪܹƿء
˽ӻ
̫ųȥ֮콫ʿǰȥԶȥԶǣʵֻȥٵˣõ˴档
뵾ϣԶԶȥԼ棬Ľʿͽ·
콫ʿܹ֮սʤһԭԵأһԭܳԿƴ
ЩڽݣЩ˸Ż̫һ𹥴Զֳ˸⡣
Ĵչͬ¶ʣλնлȨԭ̫çŶ̩ڽݣһȥԶǣ˭֪ȴǲԸ⡣
ǵ͢ʿǰԮŽݵʽ̷ɾһ׽ûУȥԶǣԬ϶ỳɵġ
Ҫǳʿǳ˺´µꣿ콫ʿ䲻ηҲ֪ǰͷû˻·ȥɣ
֪̫˳ۣ֪Ĳһˡ
һֱûзϣҪǲԸ̫ô
ǴǰΥ볯ǩԼһ˾ˣ̫Ǳףǣô


 48 

, ٴο˶һۣ˵ĺ, 㿴, Ҫˡ
ɶȴûʲôӦ, Ͼ֮е, ̫˭ȥԶ, ˭Ըȥġ
̫θô󺹵ѹ, Ҳ֪, ѹҲѹסֻӵҵȻ֪ʿԬʤ㼫СԬֻ֪˹ȥˣҲԸóȻţֻҪʽһţŹ½ɱȥˡ
һҪǴô죿սͬϷ, ǿµİ, ҵĴ󺹣Ѿŭˡ
˵˵ȥ, ǲԸ⣬Ҳ˵콫ʿ, ǵսһʿƴģҪΪԭǳȥ, ԺҲֻ콫ʿһԺ־ͺˡ
죺
ֻԼû˭û˭, ôǹˣ
ۣͬ콫ʿôҲô
˿, 컹ѡ˱죬±һֱ̫һ䡪Ȼ˵Ǿϰɣ
ʱ򣬻Ǳˡ
̫첱Ӵ֣Ƕһ仰ǵѵ콫ʿͲˣȻ˵˴ιȥԶǲ߸˭ȥɣȻǩ鵽ˣҾ޶
˵˭ҪǸ˵ͬ⣬Ǽƺ޲ҪߣӸ˸ɼˡ
̫û취ֻͬ취
ʵʱҲͬˡ
ʵеµģһ鵽콫ʿȥԶǣ㶼㲻
ûѡ񣬱Ͼƽİ취
Ϊ˹ƽǩ˶ڳ½еģ콫ʿȥԶǣʣ졣
ªֻдֽϣһΪƽôƳȡһ
סƴֽȴڶϡ
ӪڣƵúܣɾһֻ̣ñߵһƬùеһȻͷдš족֡
ʱ˵Ŀⶼ䵽ϡ
״æ󺹣콫ʿԸǰȥԶǡ
˭һȥԶǣ̫ں
ɶȴ磬ȥɣǩ鵽ľҡ
֪ȥԶΣգԸöգԸ⣬ĽʿһԸģĽʿŷ򣬿»ۺ̮ȴת˲š
̫ʵöȥģˣ˵Ҫȥ
Ӫʣѵǿƣֱˡ
æ׷ȥ磬ȥɡ
ӶûͣһµģҶ˵˲С
֪ʲôŶĽʿ˵鵽ǩһ˵©ô죿ʱǼǧʿô룿קӣԼֻһˣҾ㣬ǧĽʿһȥЩʿĸ𣿡
Ըķ䣬ȥȥ
µĲһ٣ǵ磬͢˶˵Ѳк󸣣ɽܹƽ£һҲܹƽƽġ
οҺԬĶԼˣҴĶˣҪıץˣǷ뿪㺦ˣôˣʱȥĶȥĶ׼뿪벽
򳤳̾˿
ǡҾ͵Ӧˡģ֪˵ʲô˰ɣǳӲģæѾԶˣһܻһ˵ھҪĽʿȥ׼׼ʰȥ
֪⻰һٲлˡ
ȥ֮Ⱥպ̩¶˵ˣպ̩ȻȻλСյǲ⡣
˵ģ˵Ưʲôϵɽ»˵ǣҪʲôһͬ⡣
ⲻպ̩µûʲôֻǵ콫ʿȥԶǣ½ʿϾҲÿ˶μӳǩ˵ġ
˵ֶɫƺÿһתæСգҲ˵һԸȥֻҲ֪͢к´ڣԶڻԬţʿһ´ںԬ⼸֣Ѿ˵
켥ڽһЦ˼ǲԸȥˣ
˵ţֱӪȥˣټţ¼ᡣ
ţ¼ǻСٶÿ¹ˣʮţ¼Ӫڡģֻ²ǲǷʲô¶
Ҿλ¶Ҫȥ˲ȥʱμǾѪܲҲ֪ܶ˲ʵҪģʳ벻ҪƱ벻Ҫͷ벻Ҫ
Ȼһˣ϶ģôǾһᡭ
˵쵼ҲҪģ뵱ʼʱѹѹһȺ˵ͷֱתȫȻһˡ
ǵһ߾ȫƽġ
һ˵ΪᴩԽСϣ
ŵ˶ʤ죡
ڳţ¼Ȼλã϶ƴдģһ⻰Ѫڣ˵Ѿֱӱ̬Ըһֹ̬ȡ
ֶǻᴫȾģܲס˵ʲô󣬵Щţ¼Ƕ˵ȥ֪ͨµĽʿ
һԵպ̩ĿɿڴСľóԪŮǿˡ
˰ʱʮλţ¼Ѿȫ뽫ʿЭ̺ˣȻҲвԸȥԶǵţ¼ͽʿɼű˶ȥˣһҧֻܴӦˡ
ֻǶû뵽ڶʹԮˡ
е͸ҲӾԬǸñţյ˵ʿפǴŹģҲֻһ
õĶɶʿĶ˸󣬾Ϊ콫ʿ̶ǰѵõģս䱸Ƚġ
´Ľ춼Ǽǰڰ£Щһֱű
ֻһսġ㾡ˡ
˵ûһֱͦǴʤ̲֪
Ҳ֪Ԭʧһݷʽл˵İ콫ʿĶӣҲԪˡ
ֻôû뵽ھɽʱѲçŶ̩
çŶ̩䱿˵˵㣬ƴⷽ滹δ˭
£ԲеĽʿȥɽģʵɣҲǸڣʵ̫ˣʢʱÿʲôʲôʲô˶ţرǰǰٰ㲻˳ۡ
û뵽ȴϹèӣнʿԶ˸ûȥŵıţû뵽һȴˡ
͢һĴڣϰ콫ʿҲѷһ
ʵҲܹ˼ҹһ岢ǿ׳͢¹ٵ󺵣ʳͷ˿һ㣬˿һ㣬Ǹ·һգȣȴԲ̣

 49 

콫ʿ, ʼʱûзӦе㲻Ӧ, ɵԮһ, , Ȼ쿪ʤ
λû, ͱĶӡ
Ŷ˶򼸴, ڶƨɺ浽ɽʱ, ֻʣصʬ׺սʤ˵ĹһͷһçŶ̩
çŶ̩ܾûü, ɨˣ˰ϣЦҵжҵǹжû뵽ȴǲһ, Ӵ̲, ܵĵͦ, տʼѾˣ
⻰ֻúЦ, çŶ̩Լһӣô˼ӣ
û뵽çŶֵ̩, ˵˵ĶԲԣ
⻰һЦˡ
˵çŶ̩Ͱѷһ, ൱ǴСŬߵģÿδ, ŬĿ޶Ǹ˰ĶçŶ̩űҲçŶ̩ǰͷ
ߡһϹèӣ
çŶ̩ˣĻûҪȻһ󳳡
ѾˣȻֻȥˣһս̫ǿѲߣԭǴ֮ԶǵļƻҲòƳ١
ʵʿǴ´࣬Щʿ㱩¶ôݾߡ
̫㽫ǰԶǵƳ˼죬ϾϷҪȫ
һʤ̸˰¹裬Ǹ˲ѣ˰Ѿʼţ̲ء
ȴòԾɵĶԾȴ˵
һɽϣϦһ£ǿġ
ȴùһȸߵձǸ˵ʱôüģ
ҡҡͷӹɾûʲô⣬Ҳ֪ܾթԬһˣѵǹʵ𣿡
վûɽçŶ̩ɰ콫ʿڽݳ⣬ûʤԡ
ôһ˵Ҳһ㶣ôһ˵ǲ̫Ծ
ԬûܲµЩʲôЩǵҲĥģ֪Щ׽һʤҲж϶ûС
ʷ͢ڴ˳սǴʤģ϶ô򵥵ġ
Сụ̂ȥҲûĶ⡣
£ԭһɽµʱɽˣ̾٣ɻеģ죬˵᲻Ԭ̽̽·ģ  
ɣʵ벻ġ
ҡҡͷҾòô򵥣Ԭ͢ôϾ»϶Ĺ֮㽫˵϶ҲõҲ㵽ǻ룬˵᲻ᷴУ
룬˼ǾԮʵԮõĲǻ֮ƣʱ䣿
΢΢̾˿
ԭΪֻҪƴˣû뵽̻ƴͿڲţҾԬôˣ¿϶ֻһֶԲߵģפҾͲȥԶǣ򹥴פĽʿ
˵͢ʮʿ̣ʵǲһ
ǵݡ֧һֱݳûԵĺͺȵģ»жʱ䣬ԣһԬǸǡ
Ǳ߾ʱս֮࣬Խݳϰһֱò㸻ûжǮ̫ʳҼһȴţģʵûԵģЩҲɱ˳ԡ
̫ǰЩѽضͨݳڵĺɽݳڻˮƶʱڲȱˮ
һö˵ĺеȲˣ̲費ˣֱȥһ̫
̫ǵķϵЦݽɢȥĬá
˵˽Ԭ̫Ӵ࣬Զûж˽˽ȴֲԸԼԬ֮С
ֻȥɣ롣
һ¹ҪֻӮ䡣
ȥˡ
ﻹͦĻ̫Դתģ˰һͬҪûô򵥡
˯һҹһ̫ˡ
̫Ǵ󺹣ǽˣƽ˭ֱģԼԹ
ҪǶûǴĻ̫ǵڶԼһմصʱ򣬡ôԹأ
£Գߡ̫һƬϣתͷһҲһû˯õӣǰʱǻᲿһУֻҪˣ¶Ҫ⣬һһ˯þ
ֵҪʼ̸ĵĽࣿ
ʲô£»̫ԼӣҪԼӰɣ±̫ƭˣⲻӰɣݼλ߾ӸλλԽߣҪĵԽ࣬ô󺹶ע塣
̫΢΢ףס֣ŵһ飬ŴθΣ˵ڸбǣǾͰԭƻʩаɣ
ɤ۵һʯͷ˵ء
û뵽̫żλȴζƵԼϡøΣǰԭƻʵУȥԶǣʣפԭء
һ⻰ֻû̫̫˵㣬Ӯˣǹǻ̫ģˣԼ͸Ŭ࣬ŬѾˣĻֻԼһ
а˻̫䡣
ǣɻ̫ȥѾ˭Ҳˡ
ʵһðյľڽ賿̫ٵԬ͸ʽ̵һţ˵˰̣Ҫʽ̲صģʺɹŵԮϾ͵ˣʱЭһ˽
ǣǺôĿ
⻰Ȼ֮ԱǣҲЩ͢ҲãҲãɹҲգǽ°ֻܽǡ֧ٻеʵġ
׻˵úãƤ
ӣֵçŶ̩Ӧˡ
ǰ˶øŻ̫һȥԶǲȫһڽݲȫʱΧˣʿûʤġ
οʲϳ˱ƴĴ̣
̫ȴ˵Ѷ޻ء
֮󣬶Ż̫ʿ򵾲·
ԶǾݲԶյʱܸϵ
ʵ̫ҲãǶҲգѾˣֻɶߵһѣҪĵطԶǣҪӮʤһⶼӭж⡣
עȽݸѴ
һ·ϣû̫ЦɫǻӰ콫ʿʿġ
ֻܿ󺹷ģҾóʺɹŲɱģ밡ǰڳ˰̣ܺӰ죬ֻ²ððȻɹŵȳʺò˶١
ʵȥҲթ
̫ʾ˵ȥ͢ʵ⣬ǴӮˣɹŻ˵ġ
ʵΪѣصĲˣ浱ͷ˭ֻ˵˭

 50 

Цһ, ΪŵһʼƶļƻûԬɾ, ǳ, ʱʽ̷ɾ, ǹ½, һ̲ɶ, ̤ƽ͢Ƕͬ׽
Ҳĥ˼ղĥġ
Ը˺, սһֱȥ, ˵ĸսپ
ƶǸ˻̫һЩģǾòֻϣܹմӮʤ̻ȥ
Զſ, ǽյ, º´, Ի̫ʱ˾֮⣬Ϊ´ڵ̾ء
ݶٵĺ´, ͸˵Զˡ
콫ʿ򵽳ſڣԬҲ, 佫, ȴʤ˼ܣϿΪñš
λҲе͸ˡ
Щ꣬ԬһֱоĴ·, ˽⣬̫ٵʽ̵֮Ӧûᰴǻʼ򾫱Զǵġ
ңǳȷ̫ǿдݡ
Ҫջ̫ԸҲó˰̡Ͷ·֮²Żġ
һԬҲ˳˼֮С
ɶ˧һһϵش
Ԭȵȿս̫ս´һǵʤܴܶࡣ
ֻԬգÿվ̽콫ʿÿնǶӪﲻҪôǽʿȥضϺҪôɱÿһſڡԷ˳ʳͽȥ
Ԭӿˡ
Ԭܱ֮͢ϳΪñšеģȵգں˯ʱպ̩ҴҽСգԶŴˡ
һ⻰һˡ
ʵÿԶ⣬˵ǲộصˣʵҲ̤ʵϰµġ
ֻΪպ̩Ūˣһ飬պ̩Ǿ仰ԬԶǳŴˣˣΪ񣬸ǡǸһս顣
սдüΪ˵Ŭսǻã˵ǽ˶ǿ˵һҪǴҪǴĶĶȥ
⻰պ̩ɲ˵
۾ֱ̫Ӫʡ
ʱ˿̵Ļ̫ս飬Ļ˵ŬȥʱɤӣᣬԼܼ̳дͳĵ׻Ǹ˵ģТ˳㲻϶Т˳ȴĲСԬŬ࣬ǣǽڵ£
ˣ̫Ԭ۸ͷˣ򣬸Һݺݵش򣡡
̵ĺ궼ʲ
ȴôթæ󺹣Ҫ嶯
̫һۡ
æǰÿδ͢Ψֱ֮Ϊλǣֻթ
թΣ͢ʿЩʲô̫ѴÿףֱӴ˾ͷ壬ԸճսһʿɱԬƬײ
Ӧһɴǰǰ콫ʿһʮӮġ
Ҳ˲ʲôæ׷ȥɵ׷ȥʱ򣬻̫Ѿˡ
ƥ׷ȥ
ֻǻ̫ǺѪҵһʿ׷ԶʱѶţս
ˣʵ̫ڽӵսʱǴսģȴԼԷԣŶһ²һ£Բû˵ɱ˹
Լˣȴǳˡ
ȴԸϣĽʿźϣɤӵ󺹣±ضթ١ٶڣֻûжʤ㡣
찡ȥ길ԶûйˣҲûйڵ˾ǰѵҪ˱𣿡ֻ̫ʤȯգԬдսսԬ͢ʿҶú´ڣ˵ǧѷĺûᣡ
쿴͢Ϊ׵ļЦ⣬òԣ󺹣»ôӳ顭
̫һ򶼺ԸԸֻһչ۷磬ֱȥ
ɵСգʿǲ֡
ǱѺţҲֹסš󺹣
ǣӦǽʿطźս񱼵
̫û̫֣ôҪպ̩һȥģȥ֮󣬶򱻹Ӫ֮Уܽ콫ʿأǲѷɡ
·ȹϵϣԶɱźļ١
պ̩ȴ̫һ棬ֻСżʲôһǱʤ
棡
棡
˿һԴǲװĶǽԬõǼǽսΣѵ֪ǰ콫ʿʵ֪˭ɾ㣬ִսֻбʤľģ
Ԭ˽⣬Ԭǲûаյ¡
պ̩͢ʿݰһ㣬ͲһԬ߹ˡ
ģԴɿתţֻܲ뵽ʲôð취͢ʿһ⼸ԬԶǶ꣬϶֮ġ
˵ͻȻһ
ԣǹ
ȥȰ̫ʱվڼλɫ׵ĹŵĲǵһ΢Ķе鳣滹Ŵ̡
˵ϴçŶ̩ɱЩˣͲǹ
ˣ
ϵˣ
ǧ㣬û뵽ǻԬȦף죬ȥ콫ʿ׼׼׼ս򵾲ˣҲϳʱսϣǴһսϣ׼á
һԸȥֻ뵽ֲİ취
̫˵öԣսԬԼˣ϶ððȻʹú´ڵġ
ﲻһĽʿս콫ʿһռϷ磬һ̫϶ҪԮġ
ʱ򣬺´ھóˣֱôںǰԮĽʿһжٽʿٽʿ
һǺԬģûʱ룬Ҫպ̩ȥ׼
պ̩ôһҲе㲻ԾŽҵæȥˡ
Ӫ֮оöꡣ
˰ʱⳡڽˡ
Ͷһ̫ˣǧʿһӪһĽʿиٮٮߣ̵һѺ֡
պ̩ҲˣϵɫҲÿȻСһЩθߴ󣬴ǲҪƵģһŷֲԾԭЩʿɶˣСɶɶ˵ǵļңǴˣСס
õҲѰõĲһõĽʲôۻ北ܵǹܵ鳣ĺòãⶫðըҩ
ʼʱ콫ʿʤȯգû뵽ʱѾˡ
󺹼ˣ˻ȥԮСķԸȽȺ˳ȥһԬǹó´ڣĵˣȫǺ˵ݡ
͢ĺ´ںһֲԾֹͣ¾ͰķԸ콫ʿڵɱȥ
ΣĽʿɱ˽ȥŽЩʿ˳ɾ㣬ǧˡ


 51 

⻰, һ
ҪûмǴĻʷϵһ̽ȫû, ˰, ˴, Ѫɺ˵֡
ʵĽʿ
콫ʿм, ޴, һͺˡ̵, պ̩, 콫ʿһʼͳȥֻҲûʲô³ǹȥʱҼŹѾ֧鳺Ҳðƽ¡
˵, ̲סֹԬӻе㱾µģ
һϺԶʱ, ȴǰں´֮, Щ͢ʿ弦Ƶģһɢ, һɢܣһܾˡ
, 
պ̩󺹻֮һ˴Ӫ, ڻûˡ
ȥһ̫ˡ
ŽҲ˴һӪſŵ콫ʿͱˡ
ǰĶûʲôÿǼλ˶Ҳֻϧһ, ǽһף˶˸첲࣬ˡֱӱڲϯ̧ȥˡ
ﲻǸζ첽˻̫Ӫʡ
ʱ˿ѾˣӪںģûеƣȥ˵ƣżŻ̫һͼԣɢңҲˣϻѪһ˫ͼ۾ǿն񣬲֪Щʲô
캰һ󺹡
̫ľګ̧ͷˣЦһ죬㰡
ǽ£û¹꣬ʱӪȵģ󺹣ҪȰѿˣҪ˸ˮ
̫ҡҡͷ䵽ͼϡ
ãŸԶλãԭΪտӮģԭΪɸԸ̫ˣʧǧʿ죬ǶԵġ
ܴԸĻ̫һ޵Ļʵǲס
עصȴЩ󺹣鶼Ѿˣ˵Щʲô
һ컹ǺҵģǾԬһʼûл򵾲Ǽٵģ㣬Ǵ̵ʱԬӦҲȥפĽʿˡ
ǱߣڣçŶ̩ڣӦзһ̣Ӧ䲻˵ġ
̫һЦ죬㲻ȰңҪһ˾һ
ϣҲټ˸̫˷֮뿪
Ӫ֮Ъˣͷʹ̴/ߡ
ʱ˿˯ŵĲһԬ͢Щǡ
ԬԭĽܹʤʤȴû뵽СʤһСʤ㲻ϣ֪ǱǸʲô򣬾нʿӱŹŶҲֻϲյ
ߵҪˣλС̱ʤԴ˰콫ʿûӮ˵ζսʤһ㶼Ϊģҿǻ̫ȻϵˣôɱЩ취治ģ
Ǿк´ڣҲ޵ģ֪ܲЩʿǡˡôȥɣ
ƫƫЩֽƻúܣʿ͵ټٻǷֲԣú´ȥ䣬ȴֺǡˡһֹͣըЩ콫ʿˣֱ겻ɢ
ģûһ˵ġ
Ԭһֱû˵ר˼յ飬̫˵ģҪȻҲððȻʿɺоã򲻻ǳԻֱ̫ʣǾֻǶˣ
Ǹϻ۹˵СӣԬζȫˣһĶ֣
㵽Լ뷨Ǹ߶ĸû£ƫƫµˣʱҳӦ԰취ҴЩˡֻ¶һʼ׼ˡ
Ԭֻͷۡ
뵽ݵΣͷˡ
ԭǽûפݣֱɱ͵Ϯʱʽ̴򿪳ţӦϣİ콫ʿ޷Ȼܴʤһ
񡭡ֻˡ  
Ԭ˽յսսŻؾǡ
ȴǺܵģֹκǹֻл˵ˣƽк£ֻʺӾҪͷˡ
Ͼǧۻ北Ԭǲ֪Ԭ˵˶ٺû
******
һҹ˯ò̤ʵ˺üΣҪôε̣ҪôεˣѪ
һ˯ֻñû˯ۡ
ڽһ紫˸Ϣյȷ͢ʿͻϮʰ콫ʿֱӽǴ仨ˮʽУ֮ǰӣŽʿҲɱ˳ȥȴֱӱçŶ̩׽ˣ񻹹Ӫͷ
Ϣڻ̫Ͽ˵Ц⡣
̫ϴˣһҹû˯ŵԵʣ㲼ˣ˵˼á֮ŵûʧ
Ҳͦ˵ģ׽ʽ̣ǾʱͬԬ̸С
ԬԶǣȴ˧ʽ̱ڽϣҲεġ
֪̫ĸ˵м֣˶˹Ӯʤ̣Ψһˡ
˵ȥǹֶ˵ġ
Цŵǰʽ䲻ǽȴҲ͢ĹԱ
ûиκʵԵĽ飬ҲҸ
̫Ƭֻ̣ǼפȵʵĻٴιԶǣ죬Σ
ԼʧӸһ
һԼǸ߹˻̫ʷϵĻ̫һֱȵ콫ʿԬĵ趼ʶ᲻ߡ
ڻ̫ԣһеִӦ˵ԽŬԶִ
Ƭ̣ô˵Ų˺ģֻ󺹣Ҿòʣﲢǵ͢ʿսƴƵģǻк´ڣô˵ǵʤ㶼󡣡
ʵԻ̫˵󺹰ǧཫʿѾǲеҡ
򡰵ˡԼ棬㲻Ԭץסˡ
̫ԸϣǹҲʧأٴͻɱһֲûʤ㡣
Ĭˡ
ʵǲ֪˵ʲô
Ļ̫һŭͷԵСƵģУҲˣôô嶯
ʵǸ⳷ûȥݳ£ԶǣһԲ߸Ϊס
̫֪ǲͬ˼ʵͬռ
ӵţ˵Ѿռ˽ݣפԭؿɻã
̫֪ôš
뵽ȥʱʧ񣬵һΥ볯ʵԼʣʤˣҲв˵⻹ǰˡһ뵽̫˵Դۡ
Ը̸ȥԼӪʡ
ӪţһǴʢģдģѾд֣ϵò࣬дֻû⣬ϲдҪִʡ

 52 

ǺЩ, һҪСģԱ߻һС, ǴԼɣ  
ڶǶ, ò˵Ǻܴ, ̫Ԭļ, ֻʶɺ, ûʲô¶
Ԭдġ
Ԭü, ˵űǸø̫Ŀ֮͵, ɾһսھĽʿţֱҶˡ
Ԭǽ佱һұ֤Ԭ, ᲻˼, һҪ, ɷڳǽһ棿
죺
ֻλԬǲе㲻ʹǰɵ, ǽԼɵӣ
սĹؼʱ򣬲͢׽ס, ǽԬץס, Ƕġ
ֻں֣ھúֵͬʱһĶ
ԬǷһˡ
δҪԬκ£ʼĿ궼Ԭ, ˲ţ˳ǣֻ½һͳµʱǰǰüꡣ
Ȩȥһ̫ˡ
̫ʱͬôԶʣⷽ棬̫Ǿǿּǿǿ˾áԴۡ
ĶѲǸµɢСˣеλˣŹ·ϣ콫ʿǱϹϾģǰĶû˭жǵľأ
ӪʣĸԶҲܿ
쿴Ż̫󺹣мҪµ¶˵
صʱ
̫ˣŽó
һ̣ڻ̫Ͽ˵Ц⣬ЦĻʮֿģ֪̫϶ıʲô
Ȼ̫Ŷļ죬Ǹǧѷĺûᰡ
췴ʵҪὫԬץ𣿡
̫΢΢ףϵıȻڵʱץԬѵŹ
ȴЦŵ󺹣ǽԬץ֮أԬȷǸñţ͢ȴֹֻһ˲ŵģʦڡ١һ֮ˣץһԬ岢󡣡
ԬȻضȫ׼
ȻһʮİɱԬΪβ취ΪãɱǸã
̫ʱ뷨ˣ˼ԬЧҽԬ˿ڤ粻飬ֻ˵
ʵЩǵ뷨͢ǶԾǺһ㣬˳͢͢գԬ͢ĹϹᣬ͢ȴɱ󺹾᲻˺ģ᲻᲻ԸЧ͢
Ϊ˽ԬΪˣŸԬһ³ʵ̫ϧҲ̫ˡ
˼ǣԬᱻƣ̫¶ҲǸģ
֮ԻôΪһζֵ̫ˣиڱָ㣬Ǹ˳ȥĸʵ벻ˡ
һ趨öͺвοֵ
ʵܶཫʿ˵СǹȥŬתϾŬһȥǱ˸Ƶġ
ǰһ˶ʱԶǸˡ
ЩԻ̫ǼΪģȴ˲Щ
һ㶣û뵽̫һ˾Ȼ߶߶ģ˿ԥ˵ͷԣǸ˼
Ż̫˵ЩԽ˵Խ˳û취Ի̫ˣҪòͬѰİ취ԬͶò͢ļ͢ľƶָơ󺹣Ҿòһԡ
̫еԥջǵ˵ͷ
һѰɣûľĲңһŶ졣
ȥ֮ȸжţŸԬһţֱ˵ʱص㡣
֮Խʱص㽻ԬΪֻҪһԶǴţ˱ԬĴʮա
Ǽʱ͵صԼˣڴ֮ǰ϶ǻһġ
֮ĲУ֮Ĳޡ
Ԭʱ䶨֮󣬵صǳǽɽһͤУطãƿһţиʲô紵ݶܹһۿ
Ӧˡ
˰ʱ򣬶Ҳˡ
һçŶ̩֪̫ððȻ˰̣һȺ˽̫ǹѪͷʲôã÷ĶˣѾˡ
˵һѽ˽ݳڣհçŶ̩һĹأȻɱӣڴǰ̫ûɶˣɸġðԵģһû١
ˣһ̾Ϣ
Ҫһͳ£ҪģհçŶ̩ǿҲѹֵŽԭ֪жŷ帴ˣ
գܹðˣ̫֪Ԭ״ʲô⣬ڶԬû֮ǰððȻж
յʱ̫͹ò̫ˡ
ҪܽһŽһŵƢôõˣ˵̫ʵ̫ˡ
ã̫û취ϣ˭Ҫˣ
û뵽и˵ЩһɨǰưȻԶ޲ڣ߻˵ϺŬת˶֪˵˶ˣһʮʮ٣ٵҲġ
λǴС͸Ż̫ģ˵⻰Ƿ޷޲ƽʲôϺתôϺȥ˶ų𣿽˵Ҳ̫ĿЩ⼸ÿն콫ʿĴƣ˵ǲֻˣˣ
⻰ڻ̫˿ΣɨǸһۣҲܽеģСգ´Σط㣡
ͷû˵
ûٶѵ⣬⻰γͷһ̣оȻ˵ϺС˵׼Ὣ󺹵λôСգ
̫λòȹ̣һж֤Լ񡭡Ȼܡ
ûûεĶ컹Լϲ֮Уϴ콫ʿɱУ콫ʿȳʱʿԼĲУÿβǸһ˵콫ʿһ
˺οһжɵĸо
תۼ䣬ʱ͵ˡ
һ˻̫׼ǧʿȥ˳ǽǧʿͤԶţʲôԱ졣
Ҳ͸ˡ
ʱԼʱ仹Ҫһӣû뵽ʱԬѾˣʯϻ˲ѺͲߣԬһȻԵõغȲ衣
ˣԬԸһ裬ôȵСһ·ǺȰɣҼǰζ˱ǣʮֽʣǽȵ̲費һ


 53 

æʹá, ɾⱭ費֪òúȡ
֮ǰպ̩ѽһж׼׵, Եĺȵ, ޵Ĳֽ, µľԬթ
, ȴǽӹѺ˿ڲ, ȷ˱, ò裡
Ǵʱû, ƺЩ쳤ˣˣһɣҲ˵Ӱӡ
Ԭˣ, ȵ㲶ˡ
ԬЦŵЩû, Сյǽ˹Ŀ࿴, Сƣֻһڽ·, ôһˣ
ԬǱȴǰĬ࣡һЦ¶׵, Щɹĺܺ, һƣм־þɳСʿƵģ֪ԬԼҹ¶
ս, ؼʱԬҿɲΪ̸˵Ʒô򵥵ģ
Ԭ˿ڲ裬ŵҽСҪ˵ģ˵ʽϣСհæ
һͷʺš
ǲӡʹӣԬ⻰ͺ˵ǡ˵Ҳ԰ӵܲͦãŸҡôһ
̲סЦˣԬʵ̫ɷˣ亰һСգڴ󺹺ͼλոǰ˵ϣʽԴ˿Ǳ˲ţΰԬæ
һ㣬ԬҲõԬԼ˵һۣ϶ġ
ԬʼҲ˵ʲô취ֻͶҳʹʽ̿ʼ˵
ʽѽʮԬʦʶԬϥһ
ʽ̼мˡðׯӡ¶ǸȤǻ˯ʱֻԬڵʽԴʹˣûͷڳ֮Ҳأǽˣһһ˸ǣ
ʱ˾񣬡Ԭ⻰е˼»ܻġ֪Ԭ뻻˭ǣ
˿϶ǸȤģҪȻԬҲš
Ԭɫë
ë
ɽڲ㱻ëȥˣԶëӡ̣Ǿ֪ëҲ͢س˰ɣ̲ô⵹Ǻһ֡ 
ѵԬݲˣ
ЦŵԬںҿЦ
ѾµԬ⣬ë˽Դ͢ʵ۲֪ƤľƣԶ⣬Ԭɶһָƣ֪ëǸˡ
ôͬСտЦʱ򣬿ɿЦԬϵľ֮ɫת˲ţĵֲԤУȴδ¶ëƤһ֪ȥ곯һսë׽Сա
ôëǳ͢٣ҲܽǽֱɱСձȴһ׮£Σ
͵һô㶼ǽ㡣
ϸһ㣬ëԬҪɱģɱ£ԼİΪԼӮ˺
ǰֻû̫ƣû뵽ԬĴͻ̫һƺʹǹ䣬Ұ̨ϵġ
ҡҡͷɫ󺹺λմ𲻴ӦҲ֪һͬ⡣
ëפƤ꣬˵з⻰˵ˣԬԬëɱˣ͢һפƤô񶼻ɣ
ںԬ˴򽻵һ
ԬǵЦСյҹĿ࿴Сտ¶и
Ѱˣһˣһʽȹ͵Ϯĵȷȷģʽ̱ץвжΡ
˵ٳ飬û뵽λԬͦظģҿʽ̷ˣֻģҪԬ˳ҽ֪ԬԸ⡭
⻰û˵꣬ͱԬϣձұץСҲӦġ
⻰첻⡣
ЦЦһԬֻҸԬ͢Ĺгһգ͢ģ㱳͢ɱļҾ죬أıĽʿ͢Ĺ𣿡
˶٣ǵеʱҲ룬гһմңҪңҪĽʿҾڽţ֮ûҵֺ֮αؽҵǻѪι˹ֲǻ׷棡
˵ͻȻԬͲ֪׷˭˶ңҲŻԱ˺ã͢¶ԬõмˣλǧıֵȣȴԬ泯͢
û´ĻһӮˣͶλǧģˣֻǵӾͲùˣԬ⻰˵
һ費Ԭϵɫеסˣ΢΢ףС˵û
ֻλСڳ˫۾Ƶġ
ԬһֱΪλ֪к飬Բԣ˵δ֪֪Ԭɷţ
Ϊδ֪֪մ󺹵о󣬴˳սǱذɣΪδ֪֪ԬһʲôأΪδ֪֪Ԭûж˶ã㻹ǻɱë
Ҳδ֪֪͢ڲԺ󡭡ˣ
ϰЦޣԬһ𣬳͢Ǹʲôӣ˭⻼᧿Σ
Ԭɫѿˡ
ΪһĹ٣Ϊһʱκʹ򽻵һ·Ż쵽λõĹ٣һε˵棬и˵ˮµԬϣޱ顣
ʵǱסˡ
һֵԸԬһ裬ҼǵԬüң֮ģˣʲô
Ȼѵü˴棬Ҿ͸ˣҵǵΣ֮ʡͶ·֮ʱǵøһһĻᣬҺĿʼҾġ
һѲˣ컺ڷʽ̣Ҳκȫҵĳ⡣
ϣתˡ
ⲻ֪Ԭһֱãɫް˭Ҳ֪Щʲô
һ·ˬȥӪʣǸպ˿ˮ̫Ͳˡ
˰ʵ̫ļˣ
ֻùȥ
̫Ҫʽ̣üͷĺ޲ܼӬʽ̿ԣ̫أܵЩɣ
еǱ̨ǡôˣò״Ӯһ̣ܵеʾɣ
ֻû̫̫ϲˣô˵ˣеĿ⣬󺹲һ룬ʽʮˣѾǰˣ͢λỨȥ
ʽĵ͢أλһ͵ǰ޳ǽ
ʵŬŬԾƵģЧãȴܾãҪȻЧǻۿ۵ġ


 54 

̫ɷʽ̲ûкô, ɱ׳ģ
˶Ѫɱ¾, ô˵, ʽ̴Сٶ, ڽݳǽֵ, ͦġ
Ƿ, ûʲôô, ԺôȴǼ󡣡, ͢ʵġ
ĺȰ̫Ͱ콫ʿٶ㡶塷ٲûɡӱҲǺõģϾ̵·ʵ̫ڵһ˵Ԭһһ׼еʱܲ¸ʮ
ҲҺð콫ʿʺãܴ, ҪȻʷϾû峯ˡ
̫һĥ, ô¡
ϴûԵ޹ʵĶ, Ե޹ʷʽ̣ġ
ʽ̴û, ԬȶУָռ, һ, ˻Ԭ󵽶ǰǲŷˡ
ֻǣƾʲô
̫ԽԽ, ֱŻؽݣҪƷʽ̣ʽ̷ֺ
ʵʱҲͦǸζģͦϲȥģֻû취սԬȳ𺣣һƬİ
ĵ͵͵룬Ԭˣ϶Ҫҹģ
ҲýԬʶʶ͢Щ˵Ҫ͢ʵԬԬʲôġ
ԼսԬˮȳ뷨һ㶼ûԼթʽԼ̫бϵġ
ǣͻȻһ˵顣
̫ƺıʲô
⻹պ̩˵ģ˵⼸ջ̫ӪﶼˣҹʱֻҹͽȥЩ˿϶̸£
Ҳ룬̫ڼƻôԶˡ
Ѿǹռջ̫Ѿȥ˽ݣֻƵĶкͼǧʿפཫʿոԶǡ
̫⻹ǲƺĲ
Ȼ̫һҲ˵ʲô
˵գʽҲƽȥˣҲٴμ˶
ֵٴ˵˴󹦣˭ˣŶļͷСӣǰС㣡
öʺͰҲ
ھӪôʵһУбˣ˲Żᾴ㣬㣬Ǹܺõӡ
ֻԼͦøֱˣԽûô˿ʱе㲻˼ˡ
˽ǶŶ˵磬ҾԼƵģ⼸еʱ룬һҲ´ô죬ǰװЩʿȥõô򵥵£
ӵĻҲͻ˵˵
Ŷ̶̼գͺ˲٣֮ȴǰºܶ࣬οҵǾɽëץһΣͶ²٣θŻֳ̫Щȥֻ¹˶ܶһˣ
ʵ̱ǼƲ߸ΪҪǲǽ顣
ЦЦ浽һաԼӦûͦġ
ֻǶûЦãλջûüϢһֱ̫Ӫȥˡ
ͼɱ۵λãԶطúȦ˳
ʵ˶֪ԶɶҪλãҪס
Ͷһ̫սƻˣҲ̫ԣûƻԣ˵ˣǿ
һˣһҿʲô뷨߸õ
ƽʱ˵䣬񣬴ǺĬĶĬˡ
̫һ顣
ſڵʱǿԶǣ˲Ŷһʱ䣬͢˺´ڣ˹ʲôۻ北ûʤ㡣
ʵϴŬʶ͢´ڵ֮󣬻ȥ֮Ҫо´ڣоԼ
ֻԷţΪֶʶ˵Ƴʲô
һڣ˶Ÿ͡
ٿ˵ĶҲǰ󺹣ֻҪ͢´ڰڳ²ãǰ콫ʿҲ﷢𣬻ûд򣬼Ѿˡ
Խ̫ɫԽÿǵô˼ôˣԺ͢أȫûз𣿡
⻰˵ĺԸǲТ˳⻰˭Ҳýӡ
˭Ƴ̫ˡ
ǵЩִӮ˴֮Ƣһһ򣬻ʲô治ˣ
컺ڣ󺹣ȥǱ˭ѹҲδ˵еǾӱʮ겻ɽڲûգ̣ýʿȥ
ϴһս콫ʿˣ˻ûãððȻսֻ¡ʡ
Ҳ˲ʲôˣ֪ջ̫ӣһʼͻнģȻѾˣƹˤˡ
ʷϵ̫ڻ̫ʱһƥ̫ǻĺúõء
ֻҪڣǾû¶
Ҳ֪Ƕ⻰˵ıȽίԵʣǻ̫ûһ֧׻ǺͻЩ£Ǵӳɣ
ֻԼ󺹵̫û˼ЩĴչ֮ͬ٣񡭡ʮֺڡ
ɺá
̫һ뿪ӪʣһȺ
ڣʲô˼˵ĲԣҪộֲûˣǵ˶ȥ
˵õĴչͬãҿС¶һ˵㣬ǰ㲻ͬⶼУ˵ʲôÿɫ
ͻ̫֮ĲԽԽˡ
ƿһۣС˵Щʲô
ƣҿɲ£ҲãĲУ˵ǾڽݣҲܽ㵹ã˵Ǵ󺹣òӣǸӣҪǵ

˵ЩŹǷصԼӪʡ
оһ·ϼѵúܣñĻãϴͳ˺ܴ⣬ܱɶÿնϴġ
ǰܻ˵Ϲʤ̣˸˵Ļ
ʹʹϴ˸ˮ裬дŻȥʴ󸣽ľһ춼ûϢҲ֪¹û뵽Ҳ֪󸣽ˡ
Ȼд󸣽˼ȥдŸ˴ܡ
һд꣬ںͷ˼Ҫע壬˵ǺƯ֮ຮѵĻ
һжźˣ˯¡
ԭפգ̫ụ̂ȴҲû᳷˵Ļ
֪СžŻû÷£ҲǣҪԷĻҲͲл̫ˡ
û¶ȥĴλΣ˵󺵣ûʲô羰ɿ⸽Щ˼ҵģһɺԵСӡ
Ŀţһ·пԷںӱϴ·ĸˡв򡭡ÿڼ֮˦һ֮ɿ˻ȥͺƵġ


 55 

ѵüںӾСƨ, һǣʢ, дֺСӰռ, ֻǹǼӳֺԲ, Ҳǰռ, ֵԲƵġ
ɺϴ⼸һݵֻʣ¹ͷ, ںڵ, һǳûԱ
رע⵽һںӱߵСŮ, СŮԼĪҲǺͣİ׾ƯСŮҲƯֻ̫ˣҲ̫˵㣬ֻõһ˫ġ峺۾
ĸںӾ, Ŷ, Ÿ, ͸ſ־塣
һᣬͳ׼緹Ľţ⻹ձݸ
СŮûӡ
ЦЦ, ʲô֣꼸ˣӾĸ𣿡
СŮû˵
ЦĸӺͰ, ЦӶ, ʢʱû㱰ϥ㲻ձнţ⣬ɺó, Ҫ
ǶϵЦ̫ãǽţζʵ̫˵㣬СŮԥԥӹֽڴҧ
첻ɵ뵽öСŮԶģССڵģ޲ܰ˼üöʵĻ˵ǷŮǰֻҲѵԼڡ
ֻģҪպ̩̲裬㣬㣬żû˸
СŮţȴӺӱ߳Ск
ԭΪ⼸СкҪŮеĳʳСŮš硱ûע⡣
û뵽ǼСк嵽СŮǰһѴеձͽţ⣬СŮŹڵصձԼ᲻óҪǳԵĽţ⣬۵һͿ˳
æʲô
Ϊ׵Скǵĳ֣ҧ
һ㶡
պ̩æô£ǼұǸóԵĶӣֻºܶ춼ûԹһٱˡ
ǾҲҪʩᣡСкﷺź⣬Ŷ·ǿɱһ㣬һҪɱǣһʩǣǲҪ
˵ţһѽ޵СŮ§ڻãޣǻˣǾǶҲǵĶ
ʵ˵ǴܵӾʵǹģû˳ԵģܵǸǳ룬׽㣬һ˵ˣӰӶû
첻֪˵Щʲô
ǰ͢ϰյͼѣһ̣ϼѣǺԼҲ֮е顣
к§ſСŮԶֻҪպ̩ǰЩǮ֪պ̩˵ЩʲôǽСŮС
վԭûߣк׽Ӿǰŵڵصձͽţ⡭
кüҲͺͣʱܵٿҪպ̩һһӣתˡ
ȥ·ϣû˵һ仰
պ̩֪ЩʲôֻСգģû֪жѵ˼ң֪ж˶Ķ߲Ȼû취Ӿ㡣
ʵû˵ʼЩסڳϰոͲҳǰ콫ʿɱ¾һ͢ձɱһҲ̫ɱ޹ֱӾãЩϰղŸҳ߶
֪λСĵЩû˵
΢΢̾˿
պ̩СĴ̣¼öˣĳҲӲˣȰʵ͢˵ֻкôûл
˵ôѵ͢λǧ궼޽ѹ֬࣬ѹϰյĿʿǡֱ˹ӡ
γ֪²֪жܿѵˣУ֮͢ռֻǼ𣬿ԼȴװûƵģǮ㡣
˵ܲ̾ͺǲǣ˰տ࣬ոడ
պֻ̩λССֱǳ˵ΣʷĳĴû˵ģ³ͱضоɳġ
ûнӻ
ȴǼᶨҪհ̫һͳµľģΪģֻΪЩϰա
ȥ֮պ̩æ׼ˣԭפʳǰǺ˲٣ո׼ľһأȲôǰʢʱ򣬿ʳѾʮֲˡ
ȴһʳûУֻزˣ˽˶ȥ˵ĽʿǷųˡ
õҲԵŶ࣬һ㶣ʶҪеպ̩ʸ
æ磬ԼҪġ
˵ţǽںӱ߷鶼˳һ뵽ǸСŮӣ;ܡǿǵǿƵģ֮ǰڹռ֮󣬴δ˼ϰգçŶ̩Ǿ;Լһ棬⿪
û˱˵Ŀռ˱˵ļ԰ʵϾѾǱƵȥֱɱʹ죬͢ϰôܲǣ
һ·ҲǸдĶ࣬ʮʱ͸ŸŬսĶˣܶණҲľˣԹܿˣ͢ʿǽؽ磬Ҳǻһġ
Щϰգ찡ǲ᲻һǺǵġ
򲢲ͬɱˡ
ǰչռ֮çŶ̩ӽݳڵ̫࣬˵ɱˣöʼְֹ̫ûɴ
ںܶ콫ʿУ͢յܻûֵǮ
ôǶôģЩ̣Ҳûʲôԣǲǰ콫ʿҪˡ
ȴ磬˵ǵĿһͳ£㿴࣬Ӧ˵ˮܸۡ仰ģ͢ϰվˮۣ͢͢ϰܿѣȻӵ͢˵ʵǸܺõĻᡣ
ץסߣܵõ¡͢գֻ¸Ը͢ʵ۵࣬ɰһܹȥġ
˵ţǿɫ磬֪Щϰʲôǿɱ֣
ĺŻһʮĺӺԼ˵һҪǺ޵ж
򲢲ִ֣ǺܴһˣʲôһףϿ֮ǰʵ۵ĶҪλͻģ֮󻹻Ĵʱ䳤ˣϰվͻǸˣʱ̳˻λõӵ
ԣͶǽһһͳµģ磬밡ʱϰﱩﱩҵģ˵Ҳ鷳Щշǣ˵Բԣ
⻰Цһ
Ըĸȥ֮ڶ죬ʵǱ˸ƵģÿųޣѾЦˡ
ƣ磬Цʲô


 56 

Ϊλ֪һͳ£ѵǸģ
񸸺Ŭε¼˲֪˲, ȴţôһ, ϶ġ
Լĵܵ, ˽ġ
, ǾͬĽںƶ, ֱ˵Լδ֪, ˵ʲôһ, ˸, ε˺ܶ飬ǰ֣Ժ֡
ȴʳԼĵ⣬еĽһͳ£ǻڶ
Ҳʷģ֪ٷٲʢĳҲһ, ûʲôġ
°, , Ӧôİɣ, ܶʱһСµķܶ鶼ᷢı, Ҳһ, ܶ᲻һ
ȴûôĻϣܻġ
˵˻Ựö, ϵʱ򣬵˵һϢ¹ˡ
Ӧ˵¹ˡ
ʮûҲˣһǳ˲ٿ࣬ɼʱЦȴޱȲãСգҰ¹ˡ¹˰ɣô˵ʼϸ»û취ֻܽˡ
ʵ˵ȥ¹ͻЩʱգû뵽սţû˵⣬¹ͽ˺ȥֱ˵ﲻ˿
˵⣬üһ¹ûʲôɫ
ڶô꣬ǰǸСħʱûܹί
ĲУӲģֱ¹ŶֱӴ˻
Ӫ¹
λʱͽвһɫԲһ·Ǿʮ㣬ͱţɨǽһϬݶ
˵¹Ѿʮͷȴûа׷ǲ˵ŵʮҵӡ
æƲȡ
һ·ϲ¹ϾСշԸĹͣɲҵʵλҽ̫ˣ³ײСգų²ߡ
Ȼ¹ƲһȡͿʼһ///ܣȻʹĹбɱңɱҰ
˳ᣬһڸ˿Ǹ·üˡ  
ʱǸˡ
¹ǸƢǰǰ⿪û뵽Ȼˮ
ǾˣôСƵģ
εСգλӴԸԶɣ
仰УʮΣǿľֻܵðɣ㻹Ƚ˸Ӵɰ󣬺óԺúдţɱί
о仰ȥ˲ŷԸȥ¹ʲôʧʡ
Ͼ˻ȥģ
ֻǶ쵽׻С¹ֺãһ޵Ĺ򣬽ߵĽʿ飬һһ˵ǡ⣬ͷƵġ˵Ǹǡһ̾ͲҲԼϱⱨӦָе˵ˡ
콫ʿûƢģԸֻҪЩʿж˿ˡ
Ҳȥ¹΢ͣ㣬ϾĶˣôĵҲˣСӲڡ죬Թ˼Ҳֻһ˲ǣ
ҲͦùģҲҪ¹ҲҪ
쵹ǶλƢꡢ¹ܸȤ˵˵һ·ôӴġ
һȵ⻰ƤӶ˶еһ̲ס˳
סˣ渵
¹Ƥһ·϶֣Ǹסģ¹ôûƵġ
¹˼Ʋͨһƣÿ¹ᱻˣ͵ˮҲˡûзӦһβǾΣβǾ͸һʱͣͲ¹ʡ
¹Ҳģˡ
ٺöϧС弫ãһĶҩûʲôãĺǿһöɣû˵ڶΡ̶ʮգһ·Ϸ˲֪¡
ڽ¹̲סһļˡ
˵ţʲôӽҵճʳһдӼ򣬳Ǳ߻ûü˵պôķ˰ɣ
ǾܾģɼܲסһٶҪֻ˷ȥ
Ӷ÷ݳޣǳԲȥ˵ⷹȥ¹һ˵һȥ
ճӸ׼һ⣬һӣһϺ񣬻̲׷һʳо˱ǡ
ԭ¹ڲݶϵģһζȴᣬǺ⣿
ǵһͬ˵
ЦŵӻǺð
ǸҳԵģ¹˿ڿˮ⻰ǿŶ˵ģ֪Сհǲ֪һ·Ƿ¶ޣûϣҲûϡ
վڶæɲ˵Ļҵɿɶøˣ
ܽ𣿡¹һۣûҾͲ֪ǽôϲɵģɰͰ͵ģҲܽ⣿ûԹǽһĺ⣬ַ߷ݣһҧȥϣ⿿֭Ҿ۳׷
˵˵ɣֵӻŲ˹ȥӣ˿ں⣬üͷһ壬˵㣬ǲûƾƣյĲ㣡
˵ţֳ˿ںϺüͷһ壬ϺζôøأҪþ²˳ųԣʰ
̾˿ϧʱ򣬵˶ûУʲô²ˣǿϧ
ǼʶͷҳӪʵģͷҲˣﻹֵġ
񡭡⻭Ҳ̫˰ɣ
쾪ˡ
ҲˣԼΡ
¹֣԰ɣŪƾҪûУǾϵȵŮ졭ҪûУͿŰ죬ĺö࣬þӦöǣ
쳯ʹ˸ɫȥ׼ˡ
ûãþƾˣ͵ʮŮ졣
£¹Ǹˣһں⣬һŮ죬ĳС
˰ģ췢¹㣬Ӵشǰǳʳɣ
Ȼ¹ǰǿôô˳ۣΪλСգԼܳЩöƶ˳۶ˣСʱʦţʱЩռûʲôöЩԵģҲǳŰټҷġ
ҿʼҽβˣҲʦһӸӣҪûӣʲôóԵ͵Ҳɡ⼸ãҲûԹʲôöˣ


 57 

ƫƫ¹ʸȨ, ԸסɽׯϵϰԲ, ҲֻӲš
ԸЩտ, ǿ, ҲûǮȥץҩ
Щ¶, ¹ϴżֱʹ, ޺޳˿ڽӡ
ֻСͷе˼, ʢҲóԵ, ̲裬ȵ̲費ãʢ̲ϵȵĺݵģζִ
п⡭ں⣬ҸϲԿ⣬ȡֻС, ϸϸĿ, , ζֱǾ, ʣרҸϵǳ۲ݳ, ζѰ
˵еʳ, ϸϸ¹ֻøǰķ㲻ʲôǰΪǽֻţɳ, û뵽ôö
Ӵһȥƣ׳
¹Ȼԥ
һ²òͷСץͼʲôΪ˿϶ǸҪʱһСģˣҲûʲôϵԼܼʶʶʳȫ
ܻԼɡ
ⲻ֪Ļ̤ʢһġ
˵ͷ
˱̸ˡ
ֱԺĳʳֱ͵¹Ӫʣ£¹ֻˡ
ڶһȴ۷׷ס
зϡ¶˵ˣرǶĻǸͷһǸ㵡
öֹһίѣȰףȢϱŮ˵ζͻ᲻ЩõǵĶ
µúܡ
ǶЩЦĲУֻ˰ҲǲŮ˵ġ
ʱҲûʲôܵЩʱ䡣
ũ
ǵýļ궼̫ƽǺˮֵģ˵ʳԵþͺҪ
֪ණһȦû֪ЩũҲû취Ūӡ
еͷۡ
ʵʱ̫Ҳã͢ʵҲã뾡һа취ϰæֻׯˣճɣϰղܻȥ
үƣȻǲϰջ·
ûȥ֮²֮ء
̫̬ȲҪ˾ͷۣ˵ĻȴҲˣ˼Ҳͦ׵ģ
û´֮󣬻̫칥Զǡ
콫ʿˣŵϢ˵ҪԮ֮ǰԶǣ챾ʧأԮȥֻȫû
çŶֱ̩̫ն࣬ǳս
˵ڳУ⼸ղͣɲôǶһˣƽôԸҲӲܡ
һֻһ
ԸҲãǲԸҲգֻܳǧ㣬û뵽ǰ˻̫ϡ
˸ۣŶ콫ʿͷ
һվʱͽˣ˵̫ǹ䲻ĶԬԬĻ̫Ҳʧأڰʵ죬˸ۣѳӪȴ󺹵ĻύçŶ̩
ⳡս۰콫ʿʧ˽ǧʿøʬҰĳӪһֱû
̫Ҳһ겻
ϴμ㣬ǰο䣬ˣֻһ̫ʵ̫Ըȥ˵ȰܾԼĲǶԵġ
һ
çŶ̩̫ϵ㲻Ҳ˵ʲô
콫ʿҲ˼ˣЩʿǰһģĲУȻ󺹾Լһͳ£ʲôʲôұ콫ʿʢˡ
ҲܹôҪǻ̫ŴӮʤ̻˵㣬ƫƫܵһͿ
⻰Ҳ˵˵ѣ콫ʿѾʼʰˡ
һƣڵĻ̫һԲ
çŶ̩Ҳ˳ŰĻ˵ҪȥʵιҪĿľΪݳڵĶһɨգһ·Ҳ˲ٶ֧һʱ䡣
Ҳд⣬ټŷ֮˵֮ǰ˵˵ҪǲҪ⻰ȻҪġ
λն˼
̫ľګڡˣǾͻȥɣ
ĩβĶɨһۣ֪϶ǲȥĻȥﻹ˼ǺλգԼ󺹵еԼܹ˭ˣ
̫⻰һ¶ʼʰˡ
콫ʿ̫ˣҹʰ˶һһ˱ƺƵȥˡ
ȥ·ϵȻҲûţյա
˼çŶ̩ȥģ˼ˡǴӮ㣬ұ
Ϊ¶ͬçŶ̩˺üΣȴûʲôãǰȥһ̫̫Ҳû˵ʲô
̫ҲһûطˣɱЩϰѾˡ
ֻû̫ʵֵš
һֱ콫ʿ¹ЩӵΪ֪λСպЩѪıղһǻȥο㰡̫ˣ˻ϲʮа˾ţ˵Ļǲģǰֻôȥô̱ȴû뵽ʧȥࡣ
һֻ̤ײˣ󣬷Ȼǿͨ͸
ȻĽֱȶкöˣʵʵԼߣܵʿǵﻹܼˣӴ˵ҪûսͺˣôϰվͲܿ࣬ʿǾͲˣ͸ˡ  
¹ЦЦû˵
ʵʱȢйӵģֻǶʮȥӽܲɥ֮ʹͶԾӣɵ뵽ԼĶӡ
̾˿ֻҪ/ͻģʿ˵Ǽ֮¶ͦ˼ģСû뵽Լ󺹣ϰҲܵ
͢ǸʲôƣûнҲбĹҵģ͢ǿˡ
ԸĵƵľһͳ¡
һЦ˳ңͬҿЦ鷳Ըƣҿɴû̯ӡ
¹˼ǰû̫е⣬ҲһǴ̫ˡë̫ˣ˵ѡһǾԼĸ
ʷϵĶսպգɾͲףҲǸġ
⡣
콫ʿһ˳ʢƽҪˣڽʿһɨǰǺ˲١
ҲźҪ¹󸣽Ļû˵¹˰ɣ۲ȴŷһԭǾǿ飬԰¹õʱ¡
ֻǶû뵽һ˸սʢʹϢ˵Ǵ󸣽һ̥챣סˡ
ŶǴ󸣽ߵ͹ģʵ֮ǰ󸣽ӾͲãɴ󸣽»̫ģһֱߵš

 58 

̫Ϣһ, Ƕǰ󸣽һ̥֮ǰˣ, һֱҸ, Ҳ֪, 󸣽Դ֮һֱá
»̫, Ĵ󸣽ĺӲ, ʵ̫С˵㡣
̫һ⻰Ȼż, æӱ޻˹
ҲŽ˹
ʱǿһƬ, 󸣽ڴϣһԣ֨
ʵǰմ󸣽¾ѾʼѪֹȴŲдŸ̫ǸͻݵӣŻ̫һ·, ·ϳʲô¶
̫, 󸣽¡
Ů, 첻ýȥͷ, Сӱһһȥһµʱ, ֳܾһء
ر, Ҳ֪ǲǿĵԵʣЩһ, һ񣬿˳
ۿҲǺġ
Ӿǲ£ɿÿմģҲ֪ӲãǼǵʮ˵û¶ġ
һ§һû¶ģû¶ģǰˣʮҲˣû¶ġ
ʱҲˣֺģԴܱûȥ֡
Щһֱչ˴󸣽ԵʣҲЩǰմסˣ½ʲôãһ磬ʱֱ˵̥ʮСסˡ
ǰ˵ĺǸŮֻҪͶĺƽ£Ůν
⻰֪ʱңֱҪȥ¹
ȰҪ£Ҵ͢˸ҽҽʮ˵ãѾȥˡ
˵ʵɣﻹͦû׵ģ¹˵ʱʱ˭²͸ܾ¹Ӧǲȵġ
Ķǵġ
˵ɢСѾͷע
ûãʹ¹ˣ¹ӣһһͿʼƢҾ˵Сûʲôģһ·϶ôãңǸСӡ
̵ĺܣǰ¹һ£׼ʮ壡
æλǾҽ
˵ţǵ죬үү
컳ԥƬ̣үү
ЩСǣʱͿģû¶ͷˡ¹˶һֽۣȥˡ
Ҳ¹˽ȥ
ʵǲãôȵţһҩζһȺһ޲ߡ
󸣽һ̫ۿˣοȥ¹һԼżˣȥ⺢ľͱסˣ
̫δˡ

¹͢Ĵҽֲ֪ǳ̫ң̫ҲʮŶ졣
ʶУ첻˷Զ͢һġ
Ǵ󸣽ڣ󺹣λӴһ԰ɣ񡭡ѵбİ취𣿶⺢ӣŵùģ
Ҳֻҽˡ
̫û취˵ͷ
¹ϸϸ󸣽üԸһԵĴ׼ҩģ룬ˮ
Ÿ׼Ķ׼ˣֵģ򿪣ôȵܵˣиܲˣУһǴʲôų
˵һôǿɵˡ
ƫƫ󸣽岻ãֻҽˡ
¹ҽ˴գ˰ʱ¹ǳˣһǵ׼þƺòˣ
֪ϷæԸȥ׼
̫ϲɫϷԸȥƱˣ˽ȴǽٸ󸣽
󸣽Ȼƽȶˡ
̫ϲ¹һڹԷ
¹һµλǽ󺹣Ȼûʲôɫ˴뱲ӣ̫ͷ˵ʲôתдȥҲܲµ̫ʱԻ̫͸ûʲôɫˣǹͷķͷǳԲߣһǻضȥԺˡ
̫˰ɣҪʱɫǼõģһ¹ϣҲǿǴ󸣽ⲡõãʱҪϽˡ
¹֪Сˣתߣһ仰ýҶĴˣʱȻġ
Żȥˣ˵ͣ˵˵ȥǻ̫Ļ
һӺþƺòˣѵÿ㵹ǱǸ󺹸öˣ˵ôҲǸ쵱ôѡλأ
˵ţ˿ڽе̾ƣҡҡͷҪ㣬ҿɲǧϱ찡죬˵ͼʲô
ദֻλҽе˼ֻΪԼģ˶ҺãҾͶԱ˺ãӴҲˣ
˵¹Цûнӻ
¹Ϥĵ£󸣽ӾһպҲԼҽ˻̫̫ǿˣ뽫뵽
Ȼľܾˡ
ת۾͵˳ˣ¹ڶסҲͦģû»ȥӪ潫ʿǿ
ʳ㹻ҲĵľǶˡ
ԭǲԺӵģֵ̫˶ڻ̫ǸԼıߣǴ´͢󸣽ʱڲ̫ġǶһֱĬģϲ˵ʲôֻ˽¶ǻġ  
̫ǲ죬ֻȴõʱڴ󸣽ƽº֮ǰ
ҲǶãһǶûˣ춨ᵹ꣬û첻ֱ֪λգڴӦȥ󸣽ͺĻҲһ
˼ȥ̫⡣
ƶ߳˶±иʵѡܡ
˵꣬ҲŹȥǶ͵ӶѾǺüӵĸˡ
Զǳ˰֮󣬻̫˵㣬֪С¶ͬǶ˵ŵ˲࣬󸣽һ
󸣽⻰ֱ֮ҡͷ¹ĵѾõĲˣ˵ɫҲ´ǰҲûпǹǸúӣɴСҲǸ⼫ģҪǲԸ⣬Ժпͷˡ
Ϊ磬ΪΪһֻ²ϸ
ڻ̫㲻Ͻ⣬˵ʲôϹȢ֮ǰһûм㣿˳ףΪޣǾһˣôԿࣿ
ܵܣһ֪ġ
˵ˣ˵ܾӣһ£ӣڴܹ
ҲҸġ

 59 

Ů˶, ҸĻζʲô󸣽˭, ˿, ûҸ, ΨԼ֪, ôһ, , ɲ˵, ֪˼Ƕ˵ӲһСʱʱ˵ִ֣˵ӱţ׼¶ֻǾͷţ
ӿºͲ, ҿ, ȴǱ֮ǰѶ, ɱײɷǽˣ
ԭΪϱʱȥȥ󸣽ͺ밲, ֪ĸϲ̽ʲôȻ˳Űͺϲȥ̸Ǽ, Ϊĸ, ԶӵΪ˽⣬ԣ֪ӡ
̫ȴǳ, ֻһ࿼ǿҲһˣ㰡ǰ̥װֵĶӺˡ
Լ󸣽֮иӡ
󸣽Ҳ֪ǰЩԼ˵Ļ˵Լһ̥ʮа˾Ůĳ˳⻰ɱ˵̫磬һǸŮѵ󺹾Ͳ𣿡
Ҳϣһ̥ǶӣΪŮΪϣƶŮˡ
̫ЦḧĶӣô᣿ѵҲֻ˸Ůϣӵġ
˵Ưôģ󸣽֪ġ
******
⼸յǺ¹ϵһ꽻¹˴뱲ӣܶʱĺͨ͸Ҳʱ̽ĵǵһ찡Ժ˲ã
֪ʷ¹ȴδ֪һ֪µģ
˵ţЦŵǰϿҴô˶תͷͿأ
¹ڰͷһ˵۴һ˴뱲ӣټ˴ޣֻǰܶ鶼ҪϸȥϸȥģС̫˵㣬ŵ㣬Ҳȱ㡣
ɴ߲СڣҪĺҪȻλֻҲλõġ
⻰ЦЦֻλӴ˴뱲ӹͨ͸úܣ־е㲻⣬Ǵ￴ĺݵأ
ԼҸ磬ôôãĶûκβԾĵط
¹еĲѣǲҲãͷװŵĲҶҲãǶ컨ǮѰģһ˴뱲ӣ˵ģҽͿ˻ͦ׼ģһǸ磬֪ԺǸбµġ
˵ţɨ˶һۣҡҡͷ㣬ֻѳɴ˵Ҳãһӿǵģ֪ȶ˶Ҫǿ
˸ǿЦãáѳɴ⼸ȥ˵ģ
ϸһ룬¹˵ĻǼģһӲͼ̫һӣȥ³ʲô˼
Ϊ¹һ쵹˼࣬ҹû˯ţͰȥ鷿Ҷȥˡ 
ʱʱѲˣʱ˿̶һҲû˯¹Ļ˵Ͷ첻һµˣȻڹڰߣԶԻ̫˼Ƕһ
ȢΪޣ
ûϸ룬벻ܳʲôӣֻǵܺÿƶߵŮһ򳤵öܺÿȢΪޣǴòɣҲԸ⡣
ԭܼ򵥣ԸΪ̫ӡ
̫̫ʲô˼
ƵʱȴŽˣ磬˵Ҳû˯أ첻ȥӪ𣿡
ǵܵˣЦ˯ţҹʲô
û¾Ͳأ̳ӹ׾ƣһֵܰѾƵļƣⲻ֪̳ӹ׾ƣ˼ҶѹƲϣСӲϲȵġ
յӣŮ־̫ЩľǲģɺͶǾС׼ס
ķԸȥ׼¾ƵСˡ
ҲΪԼﷳƣҲޣŹ׾ƿʼ
ֵԴӸĸȥһҹͳˣֵ˰ѾԻҲͻأžƲ˵
캮һȷʣ磬ûԺԼʲôģԼ
ƺ˼⡣
쿪żɽ磬뵱𣿡
ǰû̸۹ġ
˱ƣеľƱһ֮֮ϣ˭أ죬ǰʱǶǰ˵ٴ㣬֮λǵġ
⻰ʱֹһ˵˵Ǹ׿˵ġ
ɶĲûô򵥣⻰Ǹ׿ڶŶ˵ģ˶Ů˵Ļм漸ּ٣еʱԼһᣬȴǽ߶Ů˵档
Ŷ򣬡гһգлǸϵλãȥһ𣿡
صͷ
Ƕͷһڶ￴˼ᶨʵʷдԶǰɽˣڶ쿴ȴǲʵһûʷʷض˽飬ڶռ̻ϰ˿
Ŷ۾ɫ磬ôһ죬˷ԣҲ֧ġ
ֵܶ˵һ̸¡
ͷϣ˿һ̳Ů죬Ȼ׼ȵǲʡ¡
ڶԼ˯ڶԺһʣȥӪˣɵø̾һ䡪ɹҪ߶ɵģûɹ
ⲻ֪һȴǼᶨ˶ԸΪ̫ӵľġ
Ҫ˵˺ƤҲ֪ԼûʵҲֻܴӴˡ
¹о仰˵ûܹ֮ɾʹҵǾǹݣĶȴݣ˾֮󼸺һҹߣ̫˼ΪԸ˵ûлأڱصá
Ǵܲأ
ʼǳܣɺתһԼԩ޳ģҲݲ
ײǻ̫ܹΪһ˽ȥк޹ܴܣ͵ԶԶء
Ҳãڶݺ취ȻҪƶˡ
͵͵һʿܹһԸһ׼
ȴǺ֪飬ľǿǲɺͶȴкܴģ˯ֻһһǲ޻Ƶġ
ǼǵԼԼҪȥǣøЩĺǸ⡣
˵ʵڵģǳǸģֻƽƽ棬˵͹ĸᲢۣѰŴլͷĳĸζҲһأû취ϲԡ
ҲǵģСŮϲֺŴŴʳ
źǸʱѾȺʱˣһǸ˵Ĳˣϲغšʮ壬ˡ

 60 

һһ, ԭͷκģһҲ˲١
վŵľһЦ
ʱΪ󸣽еԵ, ʱ, 󸣽ԼĴ, ʱ̫, ϣ¸һŮġ
԰, ʱܸΪϤ
˵˻, ȥƴ󸣽ˡ
¹Ϥ, 󸣽һձһպãɫҲ˲٣Լľ˶Ҳǻʮֵ⣬ǰտʼСѾͷ߶, ͲЩ
˵, ЦŵĺǸ, Ҳ˱ƵģǸҲȥ, ζһģǷ˵ʮĺǸóԡ
⻰, ҲЦʮ, СѾͷеġ
Ҳôǣ
˵˻ỰͼŴܴ˽ڿһ˲ʱ, 󸣽ϵЦ⵭Щ
ʵ⼸ǼìܵģȰ̫ɷ޶꣬Ի̫ȴǼΪ˽ģºиıʱЩЩ˵̫ڳﻮ£öƽͽ¡
󸣽ìܡ
ԼСã֮ĹϵȲϺͶ֮䣬֮ǰӦͺĻɶǵá
ûûζ档
󣬴󸣽ߵĻȴû˵
ʵԹö첻֪¶¶治ܹû̫߰˵˼
֪ʹ󸣽֪
󸣽һֱԥԥģվǰ಻ס̫˼˴ܣ㽫ӵʢΪľǶܻ£ԭСãǿƶŮѾˣ¾ͽԼϲ˭ֻҪƷãԻǴ󺹡
ץס֣ܵҲΡ
úɷ֮䣬׻ѡɷ
ȴܴϲ٣ܲǵµʱѾ޵ʢɽ֮ĸ鲢ûԶЩӴܶչǿҿųģȷǲϲ˵ȴǸȵģԺʳٻ֮
ܵһ
ʵʼ󸣽˵ͻ飬Ҫ£죬һӦǶ죬ле˵ģû뵽ȴǶ
Ĭ˺ܾû˵
󸣽Ľ㣬֪ǲˣܣ㲻Ը߽㣬ȥҴ󺹡
㣬ԼҲ֪ⲻһź£ѵ𣿡̧һ˫ӣԼûİǴӿƶӵʢģֻһ뷨ڣͰȫˡ
Ǵ̶ѨˣϺʱο޹һýһóӣһȴһɷ򡣡
Ƕ֪ҪҼ޸Ϊʲôѵ֪ܲȻ֪λĴң
ͶǲһģĺǸµģʱ򶨲ҳΪƺĹߡ
仰˵ܰȻžѾǲס
ӣĬǸ˾ͱ˴󸣽
ǰܿıֻ˵󸣽ˣ뿴̫ˡ
ЦŽִӴ󸣽ĳ˳Ǹ侲ǽҪҼޣҾͼ޺ˡ
ϣͷҲصˡ
һҹ󸣽ʹһߡ
ͬʱδߵĻж
֪õĻģԭܼ򵥣ҲˣȻ˾ãտżɽҴ̸һ̸
һ磬ȥ󸣽밲ȻҲһ㲵Ĵܡ
˵Լ뷨֮󣬶Ǻޱܼɣ㲻Ը޸ңҲԸ޸㣬͵ԶԶأɺһ»֪һĺãҿòӴ㲻ǿƶߵĸҲΪ̫еӡ
ɨ˴һۣδϼ㾪㵣˲лҳһ㣬İΣģҪңҿṦŮ㣬ӵĻͲ㵣ˡһ׼ӣ°뱲ʳǡ
⻰ܲԾ˵ʲôʲôڰɱˣҲᾪ㵣ǣЩԥġ
ӿƶʢЩϰˣôȥĶ
ǿʲôƵģʱĪ㻹ڵĴ󸣽㽫׵ˣȴǻ̫ӣȴӵĶȻĺӺɷǵġ

 61 

˭, Ǹˣ⻰ӱ˵, ǾͲôζ, ʮı˵, ¶û, Ҫʮ屴, ѵԸأ
˸ǰһ, ûаƢ, ⻰˵еˡ
򵭵һЦûнӻЦȴ͸żּڽ
˶󸣽£ô˸ǽ֮ңȴδù
ת, ֻܵʮıҺú롣
ļմܶڿ⡣
ʵ, Ҳûʲôֵÿǵ, ǰ֪Ǹʲôӣ֪, ˣֻ²ʲôӡԼҪ޵ǶǶã
뷨ӴԺðʱ, Ҳһ
ƶߵŮӳ׶, Ľ󸣽ʮʱͼ޸˻̫ʵǳģΪ, ߶ŮӵԵʣδʲô鰮
һֻ̣Լ޸ͺˣԴһ쵽ϡŹֵ뷨ҲǺܺõģҲǺģԺǸøס
˼ţԽԽԶʵԼҲû뵽Լϲ϶졣
ٴμʱܵмŤŤģʲô¶Ƶġ
ŴܼԼɿ߿ˣҲһͷˮһ̶ˮȵɻôأѵأ
һֱԼʹܹϵͦõġ
ֻźˮ˵
˹⼸մĸҲ֪ôˣÿ񲻴ˣǰҼʱȦģʮ壬˵ĸôأ
֪
ǽ֪ϲҪŻ˵ģʵܵϲͲܽϲֻΪԼ뾭ѵͽӲһƽദʱһЩΧ˱ǿһ㡭ԴŶԼ˺档
ǰȥ̽˴󸣽
¹󸣽ӣ¹Ҳһˣϸϸ󸣽һЩҪע飬ˣ󸣽ɱ̰Ҳ˵ʳƽû¶ȥߣһֱЪţĺӴ˵ʱѲ
⻰ͱĴĻһڴǰǻ˻ɵģ񡭡˭¹ĻǼֱǲ֪ԼмＸˣ
һţʱʱͷͣһҾ¹СԵܡļơ
ţ־ˣԭܾµĴ򵱳¹ֱգһ¹רҵ¹ʱҲ¹๤ġ
ֲǴ󸣽ȻЩģȥˡ
תûȦͼ˴ܡ
Űõİ̥ҩ߹һҪ㿪
Ѿˣڶİ뿪ڶ졭ԺֻҲԻԶãҲԺ
״ֻԼû´϶ԼˣԽҪ㣬ԽҪȥ
󣬶׷ᣬʣܣǲأ
˵ţüѵϴθ˺Ǹ⣬ûأҼǵ˵㲻󰮳Ǹġ
΢΢һůȴǶŰ̥ҩҪߣʮ屴û¾ȥɣһҪȥչ˽㡣
뿪ӣ֮ǰĻֻ½һ̥ôƽ˳ʱҲûԼܶչһһɣ
ϣͷҲؾˡ
ơ
˼ȥҲûԼĶ˴ܡ
س̵·ϣ컹¹˵С˼Ѳ£ǰܿɲģҲǵģǰʱ˵ҲƢá
ƢõԭǿģΪ󸣽еԭһ㶼̷̫ģȻ̫С˶ʮ꣬Ϊ˰̵Եʣ̫Ҳãʲôԣ
Ǵܡʵĥ͸
¹һ²ؼ߸߹ģʢ£˶˭Ҳģ󸣽ҲǿڶϵģСңô֪ҵ˼׽Сճ֮ˡ
˵ţСҲСˣҪˣʱҾҪˡ
ƣ⻰˵ĺͦϧģٲȻѾ˵Ƕ콫ġ
ף
һֱԼңԶҲԶˡ
¹ɨһۣһĶĬ쳣ȤôСԺҪȢʲôϱ
ҲͷӴһȢʲôϱ
ȢϱҪȢԼϲģһ㣬һֱܼţؼûϲˡ
¹˵Ѿ˴뱲ӵĹҲȢйӵģô˵ǹˣȢ޵ȢͣСݣȢԼϲġȻǲܣһѡԼľͲˡ

ϸһ룬¹⻰ҲһûС
£̫ôŹ
˲䲻ˣ˭֪ϻȥҶȾƣҲ֪ȥæʲôˡ
˵Ҳ֣⼸նæúܣʹߵӣҲûæӪ¶
ȥҼöྣɼöŵ˸ӣÿ˵úܣûʱ
Ҳֻܰеľʱ䶼ھӪ棬ڶһȥ˾Ӫ˰ʱû뵽ȴյһһҡ
ͽʱ򻹹ֲ˼ġ
쵹Ǿ̹ͦȻģһңʲôֵģû뵽Ǵġ
ҿͦͨҲûʲôģǼӣͷװõĲҩͷװĲҩ֮ǰ¹̹ġ
ɨһһ˵ı顪ʹ֪֮
˵ˣŮӸϲͲҩģ
˵зݣ󸣽˶Уûзˡ
ң֮ǰ˵Ҫˣû뵽ٶȻͦġ
ȴ֪Ǵܰ˼ϲŸϳġ
ܵȷ˺ЩңȴΨΪģҶһƬƬģ͸ǵģ䲻֪Ļ
ܿͰ֮ԺվӪ֮о˱ʿǣԶھӪŻġ
ۺˣģһȥʹʹϴ˸衣
˴û뵽ȴǼææ˽Сգ
߶꣬˵ͲȴǺܳȵģ𼱻ǵʱ١
һû뵽Žմ͹Ǹңǲ⣬ôأ
һ˵֪ʲô¡ԭϴ裬ѶʪˣҪ˽ȥϴֲ֪Ϲң㽫Ҳһϴˡ
մˮŷֵ֣С¶֪˹Žͷҩóһȣٹһȥ֪ģû뵽һ򿪣ͷȴһֽ

 62 

, ֵٴҲҲҴţæҵ
¶ҲǶס, ֻ
ܸԼдСֽ
ôô¹ú, ֽһ, дĪĻ, ףá
뵱ܸʢʱһдŤŤ, żµʱ, ѾдһƯ
ЩֻòԾ
⼸ܵıܶ, ⼸ֹܵæˣ϶ǳˣ
ѾӾʹܡ
֮ǰòԾܴͲȡֵˣö˶˵ôͻȻֻһԤס
ʱʹѾر, ſڵŴ, ȻҪһ, ˭ס죿
ʹܴȥǺ󹬡Ǿеˡ
, ȹϵϣѹõ͵͵, С, ʲôҲ٣Ҫô֪϶Ҫ˵ġ
˵ʵ, ҲСˡ
ȴǹ˲ô࣬ƵŴһԾϷ˹ȥ
ҹĹǾĵģ΢ֻõź컹ԼĴе˼дĺˣֻԺҲ
ҹˣֺ͹ŮѾ˯ø˶ᣬĵ˯ķ䣬ڴܣܣ
ûлӦ
ǵô˵˯ߺǳʲôĺ׾ѡ
ֺһܣڲڣ
û˻Ӧ
æܣҪǲӦҾͽˣ
û˻ش
ŽȥȻһˣ춼ģһû˯
Ҳ˲ֱȥ˶
ƽ̷ܵĹŮ˯£ŶһʵǼҸأ
⹬ŮǸŴһӿƶʢģһ·˲֪˶ٿ˶ǸŵˣǼҸ˯𣿡
!
Ҫˣ
Ը⹬Ůæȥ󸣽Լȥˡ
˵ҹڷߣݹŮ˵ʱ֮ǰܻڵģңҲʲô¡
һȥȻõϢ˵Ǵ԰ȥˡ
԰ֻòá
ʢĻʹҲǽʼĸݵأҲ󣬺ɽܵĲϣҪȥҲѡ
ǺɽС·ͦģ˼һͷȥҡ
Ҳã˰ӱ˴ܣһطڵϣŶԭǽˡ
ղѣ֮ǰ˵ںɽɽŻ¼棬ᰲ˽͵ȥطֻϿ˵Ǹüõĵضû뵽Ϊһ꣬·̫ˣ˽š
򱾾ףİΣϣû´һˡ
԰СʱҲûӰ
죬翴˾һ㡣
Ӻܴǲ٣һҹе㺦µġ
һǱҲôˣֻԼļ
µҲ˲ñˣͷ󺹣һܣ˽š
ԥƬ̣Ҳˡ
֮ܶ󣬴ܻյĳƺѾ벻˵ĽжֻۣǵöϴǳǳĺУҹĿϵӣ
ȴáǲǳˣݵģôصģ
Ǽ˾ͽܷҴܿˣû뵽һľȻǻ̫
ӦԻ̫Ϊ׵һ˵ȡ
̫Ǹϴżɫɵһϵɫֱ䡣
˲ŵĴ󸣽ü͸ϲɫܣˡôأ
Ҳ֪׷ʲô¶ֻܴȻȥ˵ɣ
һǺƺƵȥ
ܿˣ˵ĽŤˣϸϸ¾Ȭû˵ǡ
󸣽ŷģŴȥϴ軻ѡ
û뵽һֱû˵Ļ̫ţϵôһ£
Ļˣ
ɨ˶һۣ֪ô졣
˵ףҲֻǸʮСͶ֮ĽȻǲ˵ģ˵ˣǾ߲ˡǲ˵ָôѽϵԲȥ
̫ڶϣܲ˵˵ôһ£
ҹ˽ʹǴ˵˽󹬣Ǹһȡ
֪ʲô¶Ŵ󸣽޿˵ܲˣôͶ˻һҹģʲô
⡭ⲻΪԼ
ֻһͷģѾ˻̫ʮֲơ

 63 

ҪǶ˵һ, ﻹվ
ܼ̫ɫ֪Ƕŭ, , ܶ, һ, Ұҹû¶Ҫȥ߿, ҳ, ȥҵġ
˭֪ҹǺε
, ûбİ취
ǣ˭һƶ֪˵ѡϻŰͷװЩκӣǰҹȥߵ˼Ҫʹ
󸣽ס
˵
̫Ҳס
ʵףһʼеһ֪, ʹ֮жܰԼ, ʹ֮мÿ䶼л̫, رδȵ£ҵģ
, ȴ̫ᣬеùֻ̫Ϻꣿ
, ̫֪ʲô, ǽƾͼƣŶ˽ӵܣ߾, һҧйңʱ򡭡ƺӶϴ塣
˭֪·ɱһ죬л̫θ˵
ϾܹϵһҪãǶͻģָôôݺ
Ǵ󸣽ȿڣܣ߽㣬Ҫʲô㽫ֵǮĶˣҪʲô
֪ǸᣬǸûᣬͿܲץסᡣ
˲ᣬһ͹󺹣㣬ҲԸ޸ʮıգŴ˼ԲҪҹ뿪ʹġ󺹺ͽȫ
ϣͷ
󸣽״ֱᣬڵ¿Ż̫󺹣߾ôһˣ󺹿
һ±ơ
ǳһ
˶֪ȥһڹ
Σ֪̫˼ȴҲŹ󺹿
ӶˣʣµĹŮ͸ҲŹһأۿȥʣŭݵĻ̫һվš
ããǺõúܣ
ҪƵӦ
ܵ˼ѾˣԸ޸ģ˵ֻǸҲοƶߴ󺹵Ŀأ򹷻ÿˣĽƶ߲ԭĸˣЩλưոݣ
̫һЦŽܷʲôҵȷн޸˼ҲͶǺúӣһԵǲԸ⣬ôǿ˽ҵӵģôǿǲԸ£
ЦģɶȴϿЦ⣬˵䲻ģǾƤЦⲻЦ
ϣվ֮˵˲һ־磬ҲκˣҹˣҶЪŰɣ
˵⻰ͷҲصˡ
󸣽ǿЦˣҹˣȥЪŰɣҲôá
ɫѾףˣԭ䣬Ŵ󸣽ƣֻ̬ˡ
ȥ֮󣬶ǲݲЪ£һ˯ò̤ʵ˺ܶΣһμȥŬͰͺһμ̫ʹ󸣽һμ򡭡ֱġ
һֻñȲ˯Ҫۡ
̲裬žԴ΢ѵ㣬ϸϸȥ£¶϶Ҳͽȥģһ̫˵Ƶᣬջ̫ӣôˣ
˰۱⻹С
һһ¹ȥˣһһµʱ̫ṳ̂һ󸣽ֶŮ͹Ҳûȥ
ãͶԻ̫ģͲԼܶ徻գɴ󸣽ӾˣӣҲã̫˵仰ûУβģ
¹󸣽ϸϸŵ԰Ȼ
죬̫һ¶Ҳģ·ȫµ˶һ㡣
˰ɣŵкܶ࣬һֹۣǰΪ˶ԼƽƽŶԻ̫񡭡ҪµˣʲôֱӸŸɾˣ
˴ƣ̫Ҳû֮ˣû뵽ø˳˵Ҫá
ʱǻȻһƬ
ø˰ɡʵûʲô̴̲УϾаڣ̷ŲϺãĲǾ͸ˣƫƫƤӺǳͺóʱ͵ʹĶû뵽Ŭû취ͺֻӱ
΢㣬ͺǰó裬Ҳܻ˴յ
֮ԱǣȻûѰøçŶֵ̩ģǰͰøִ
ø׵ܵܣƺҲ˵ӣرǶһģҼ˰ø񣬰øͷԼ򵥣ǰһ˵ͶǺ޲ɱ˴󺹣ɽȴһ̬ʱʹʲô۶ӡ
Ҳһ뷨ҪǴ㻹ãƫƫ̫ʱ͵ʴס
ȻֿԷǳ
ҾԺܴ󣬵ҲбĿܣսթ᲻ὫѳһƵͷȥԴ֮λŵø񣿡
˵ţ˵ͣȥҲЩӣʱƣøͷĺֻԽԽģ󺹵ֶκļơøĶ֣пܵʱΪ󺹵ӣ
ֽȻ԰ѿء
̫һֱҪ£ֻöƿأ񰢼ø񡭡ҲֵôϣɵһĸֵͬܣϹͷŽˣ
һֻۣ㣬ͦġ
̫񲢲ģȻҪԼ˵Űøֲ֮çŶ̩
ϸϸֻñ亹乡
̫ҪԸֵѹͲԼ֡
ֻУȥҰø̸һ̸
øʹܶ࣬ѱٸ檳ȺԺַǷ
ȥʱ򣬻˰ʱ
֮ǰӣǲͷˣȴĵţֻðø⣬Զֲ
ֺ̲裬ø٣ϵѲɫ죬Ȼһ֮ģ
ͷЩ죬ȴǹؾغһ硣
˭֪øȴЦһҿɵһ磬ֵֻܲж𣿷ϻҲ˵ʲô£һæˣ
컷һȦӡţû뿪˼
ֻӲͷƤЩҪ˵֮ǰ㲻ǼǺ޴𣿿Ǵ˵ЩʲôҺͶãô˵Ƕֵܣȥ֮ǰҲ˵ҪǻӦġ
ǰ죬øҲ֪ܳĻһӽϵĲɨڵأƬɽ죬ʱͶǴȴ壬ҲǴȴҲǵöҵĺãĳȻᱨ
˶٣УԺҪû£عæúܣ
ϣˣСճȥ   

 64 

챻Ĳ, øֱǰԼɳһ㣬Ȼ˲ӭ, ҲƤ, վҪ, ֮ǰǲ˵һ仰ﲻĶ, ҲҺͶĶ, ֻҪģ
ֻðøһҪֵ֮仮޵ļơ
ԭҪͬøú˵˵, ⼸찢øϵ׷ʲô¶
, ֵ֮ûʲô˵ġ
Ȼ̫ˡŶ촹ͷɥȥˣû뵽ѾڵˣյĽһ㶼⣬˵֮е, øͷûĵĴ, أ
ͷ, һȻ
ļ磬ѵѾôһ, ǻ̫ڱ󵷹ѶȫƵçŶ̩ͷȥˡ
ֻòš
㲻Ŷ԰ɣʼҲ, ̫ܰѰøŪתֻܿЦ, ò˽ѶԻ̫Ŀڣ󺹡ȴֱ˻, ̫˵çŶ̩еƵöѳᣬҶ֪çŶ̩Ķ︻ϵĲ岻˵Ϊ˲ŬϲֺԼĸס
¾˵ˣͺʢͼŬϲ¶ӸǱŬģϧǸʱѾçŶ̩ĶΪ󸣽ϼްͺҪ׵İø¶֣ȴʶƣĽ˭֪ûøϾˣȥ֮ǰҲçŶ̩ȥ̽˵çŶ̩ΪŬĶ߱ĸ
쵱ʱûֻԼԼ£Ŭ˵ǸԾ
ɾԾһĸһжΪԼĺӣֻԼĺ˵ʲôʲôŻǵĻ䡣
Ŭ㽫ͺΪ󸣽û꣬󸣽ӣһʱ˫
çŶ̩ȴ˰ͺԼҵ˰ͺͷϡ
çŶ̩ҲãǰøҲãӻ𱬵ģ֮һֱϵǲãŬʱһյçŶ̩밢ø֮ǻ
çŶ̩øиӶʲô
˵˵ӻ治Сټϻ̫żøŵçŶ̩˰ͺ
˿̫һֱӳȵģӱģɱ˰ͺλӣ
⻰̲סҡҡͷˡʵǲ򵥣дƶ׳ƳʣµİսպգмöڣֻãֻܳçŶ̩ˣ
۶֣øͲçŶ̩Ķ֣øܵڰ̫׼˶Ͷ첻Ӳܵġ
ʱǼ˻ɱǾ֮
Ҳ뵽һ㣬øʱǻ·ԼѡģҲͽȥģ죬Ҳٲĺˣһͷιǣ
ʵܶʱ֮ĶԹ򵥵ģλ˷ĽʿҲϣ߻֡ⲢǺ¡
ͷ磬ģصġ
汻ǲˣûգçŶ̩ͰѰøˡ
ֵúܴȴǺܼ򵥣ΪһŮԴס
øçŶ̩Ǻɫ֮ˣ֮ۡ檳Ⱥʢ֮˸˹ŮӣģļãϵŮһ㡣
øçŶ̩ҪŮΪ檣ƫƫŮ˭Ҳҵֻţû뵽ײһȥˣһ棬ǾֵҰƵһʰͶ
çŶ̩Ӯˡ
˰øĸ첲
ҹøֱӴʹҵ̫˵çŶ̩Ϊ˸˹ŮҪɱ
øҲɵڶ켸λһʱ˵ҲһǱиָ㣬󺹣Ҷͬ븸ѳᣬΨһĲµľֵˣ󺹺λ˵ĺ˵ǻúչֵˣż°çŶ̩Ҫɱң
ĩβĶǳ˳飬ͺȥʱ˵ľҪЩչ밢ø񶼶ʮˣﻹҪչˣ
çŶ̩ҲǸģЦһøǲǻụ̂¶ֵ󺹸ǰϲͦ˵ʲô˵ҿϵĹҪߣ檶
⻰˵ˣҲѵƻ𣿡

һһģǲɿǻеִģڻ̫ǰҲҶ֡
ŶˣçŶ̩һֻ֣붯ҲçŶ̩Ķ֡
Ҳһ̫ȷû̫ͷۣһµŴ˼ȥЩ
ĽǺϡ࣬Ҳǻ̫һóİ飬Ȱһͨºôҹˡ
˻̫鷿ʱ򣬻ֵģ֪¶ûˡ
һڱвߣȴòΪڵǸ·ǵùŮ׷ײĿ
նδöһ
öʲŵ˸ӣˣҲٲЩ¶һûһ˵ŻҼǵô󺹴ǰǺģǸǣ˵˵ˣҲˡ
Цŵ󺹹̫˰ɣ
˼·öȴֹģ
첻˼䡣
öʵ˶˵δ֪֪󸣽һ̥лŮ
֮Ƿ࣬лҲ࣬Ѿ˿ʼҥ󸣽һ̥Ů˵ƶ߲ԭŮѾʧˡ
Ҳö˵ʲôö˶˵ô
öʳܣûע⣬˵ƶ߲ԭҪ͸ŮӹǸѸ
󸣽˱Ť󸣽ֶŮңƶ߲ԭλεĴǼˣ˵Ҫ͸ֶŮչ˴󸣽ʱ˵ĻɵӶ֪ڴʲô⣬޷¿ƶ߲ԭŮ˳ʧơ
ƶ߲ԭŮҪ͹أ
ͷһ
ѵǺ飿
ʷϵĺڼʢ̫²һҲʲôϡ¡
òĹѸ˲Ǻ黹˭
΢΢ʧ
öײײʹ󸣽ǹϵǶɣ
簢˵ģϢԴͦ׼ȷģϾʹ󣬸Ŭ߶ܰˣ˵һ̫ˡ
֣л˼öʡ
Щ̫꣬鷢˸ı䣬֪Ǻá
ѣӻǵùȥģÿջҪӪϴһսӪĲǰЩ콫ʿղһʿΪģ²һܹЧġ
⼸оƶȣӪ֮ĺõǾ͵ýҪͶȡɡ͵ģԲȥǾҪصķ

 65 

ǾӪ֮νηһŴѧ, ܶཫʿҲûѧʣǽҲǽͨġ
뷨ǽڷ, ÿʵһο, ճ֮߱, ¶ˡع֮Ҫصķ, ͷͲǷôˡ
Ƕ˺ܾò, ǲöʡһ, һ, 춨ĹأҲһҪġ
ʼ϶˲£óϳͲöˡ
ͬʱ, Ҳڹע͢ǱߵĶ
̵ʱ, ͽԼ̽Ӱȥ˼, ͢ԬĶҲ˽ʮ
ԬʤԭΪ۹֮Ԭ, û뵽˴۹ͣľȻκͣͷ
ֻԼе㿴͸, û뵽͸Ļں, һǰͷĶ̫࣬һҪô˵, κ͵ĴһĺͯΪ˺
ԬĽȴһʹʮ
⻰ʱֻϢԴôأ
˭֪ȥʶʱҲһ˵ǡ͢᧿Σ¹ٵ͢ѾѾ
ˣֻһ·ڹҼƵġ
ֻðԬԸ϶̲ȥġ
ǽ¶ˣûվԬǹٵϢ
ʵҲ֮е飬ԬǸʵˣһҲ͹ȥˣԬˣ̵ȥ
ԼĹ᧿ΣȰһȰԬҲˣ˭֪˵Ԭ˵սУԮݣֻһ˽ЩĹӴ̱һϲͨһһ
ټκڱһʱԬǸʤ̵ĴӢۣǹһ㡣
ӣԬٲǹټֱͲˡ
ЩϢʱ·Ƶģ°ͶҪˣȴԸ͢˵붫ֵϣԬǶֵһԱֵһɶҪϾɱˣֻ˾أκҲŹģԬˣǲȫˣʢСסգһ֤İȫ
˵ˣ֪Ԭ϶᲻Σʢ²֪ж뽫ʬˣ
һ֮ԬҲˣֻм򵥵֡л
Ԭڶȥ˵ıҲȫˡ
תۼͿ쵽˴󸣽ӣ⼸̫żߣƵġ
̫Ҳû˼ں󹬶ϴçŶ̩Ͱø֮ܵҲǷϣԭ̫Ļһˣɲܾˣ˵ǲôҪս·׷ף죬˵ҲǲСʧ
ƽ֮ˡ
ײŬ࣬ЩСϷҲʮ졣
չĿһǸ󸣽밲˵úˡ
ƶŮĴ󸣽ͺǶһһĴˡ
⻹ûмˣüֱ˵òڣƶߵŮӶڲԭѲɺȴ罭ŮƵüĿ顭
˰ʵǼͷԹɽ亣ζټСʱȻúóԡ
ǺǸѸҲԤϵԺǺεܳ衣
Ըչ˴󸣽ĺ飬ȷò˵ģ·ʲô¶Ƶġ
źȥ˰̥ҩʱ򣬴󸣽ֻ̾һҲǸģɷˣ˶ͷϣ˵˷򣬿˳Ůжٹϵأ

ӻʱݵĲΣ˵ҲһС
кܶ࣬Ҳ۲˴󸣽ߣҲ赣ʲôǰӴȥ˵һ̥Ҫ⼸ע㣬ֻ¾⼸ˡ
ʵֻǲһС˵ģʵ̫Ĵ󸣽ˡ
˵˻ỰȥˣҪ俪ģŶһСҪԼ󸣽İҲе㲻ˡÿζǴСһǡ
˭֪û߼ͼ˻̫Ŷԣվĺ顣
Ҳ֪ǲǺҩʱСĽҩϣ̫߬ϸϸšôôġ
󸣽ֵǰΪܵ»̫Ǩŭ󸣽ϣ񡭡ѵͲǿƶߵŮˣɼ̫˾̰ͼ˺ɫ
һ

 66 

ִ粻һ, ƽ飬̫, 󹬼ǧһ㲻Ϊ
ڼ, ȲԼӵֶŮ, 㹷ˡС
챾ǸԵ, ɿ滹̲ספ, Ҫǵ׻ʲôĵĶ
ȴź, ̫۲, ƺ̫㱾̷󸣽¾ͽȥ㰲Ъžͺˡ
ʵȥˣ첽ˡ
ڲԶ˴ˣĴܣϴε鷢֮, ܻר̸Ǹ, ԲС·, ˵ʲô֮ǰҼңҵȻҪȥ㡣
û뵽⻰ȴƲֵġ
ҵ˼, ϲһϣ֪ȴϣ֪, ÿҪ, ɼ̲סߡ
Ҳǵģ˾͸˹֪, ȴֲҽ
ֵģûôУźЩûˣ߸кܣҲˣ
ܵͷСա
ΪҪȥŽżһĻֻǻʱȥ˰ɣȥߡ
һȥ˺԰
ʢĻʹ̫С˵㣬԰Ǽܹ꣬Ժ԰Ȧܼ˶Ʋֵġ
첻ʵôǣһľ˪˵Ƶġ
죬һ˵ϲ㣬Ҳϲ㣬ˣﶼ޹öˡ
СȴҲʲô֪ġ
Ҳŵͷ
ŵ棬󸣽ʲôû˵ⲻʲôûзֻòԾʱ䵽׷ʲô
ε˵Ǻչ˽ģǶ֪ƶ߲ԭ͹ΪʲôϾҪˣҲù˼һɣ󺹳û֣˭֪ǵĹϵ
˵ţǳ̾˿ҪǽµǶӻãҪµǸŮֻһ֮ڴ󺹾ҪΪˡ
ǵö˵һ̥ǸŮ
ĬˣĴҵģ֮ܶ鶼˸ı䣬󸣽һ̥Ǹأ
ֻ޾ԣ
֪ô˵ˡ
ܿЦһСӾ㣬˵˵ĲǾȫûĹǣô˵ôƽﱾǸǿƵˣǿƣѵͲ׹ùأôͲһ룿
֪ģǰ˻̫ЩýĲã˵׽㣬ʢ׽ˡ
ֻ뵽˰ø񣬺ͰøԵͦƵģιģ󸣽ܣԺӿ϶ظѹģҲΪп㻹ǶȰȰ󸣽ɣ˰ʮСǿסģһŮ˻ǱԼҸ˩ϣ
ɨ˶һۣԥƬ̣ǿڵСҲǸסģһЦ˳룬ӦòˣһӺܳɫɫˣһദʱȻ÷ζȤȢһŮΪ޾ҪΣǼһһʲô𣿡
ӣֵЦ˳ɽǻҽڣ˵Ȣƺǵѡ
˼˼ǨҪԼҸõĽڵģƭƭԼƭƭˣԵ壿
쵹һ涼û̫սթƣ̫ܽ˵Ϊ˽񣬿һһŮȢţѵҲΪ³
˻뿪ʹ
ܵһֱŶȥıӰֱʧܲ΢΢̾˿ջԼһԵˣʵĸǲϲʮ壿
һ˲ͺˣ˵ʲô
ƽ䲻࣬ˣֻЦе֪ĸ϶ϲʮģšÿ㿴ʮʱǺƽʱһǻ͵͵ʮ壬ϲһ˵ӣ
ֻԼԽԽ죬ƽǸͦˣһ漰¶˲˼;е㲻֪ôӻˡ
ǸС˾ĸĺˣҲ¸߱˵ģ֮ܡҺһҲʮǸܺõˣҪ޸ʮ壬Ǿͺˣ
СС͵֪ǵ¿ɲԼܹġ
ܶ۾Ҫǵã֮ܣ˭Ҳ˵
صͷ
´ټʱԵеˣһ˳ʮ壬Ǵĸģɺóˡ
ҪôŶ֡ʮ壬ȥҴĸòã
̸ѧ⡪ʮ壬ԺҪȢʲôĸ
һͷˮԴֻò⣬յδҲ̫˵ɣôأ
ҡҡͷһεĿ
ܲˣֻܵȢһϲӾ͹ˡ
ɷµʮ壬Ҿôĸͺܺãϲ㣬ҲϲĸҪܳףǾˡ
⻰˵а۵ģĶǿЦãδԼˡ
⻰뵽˵Ķȥˣ˾Ǵ󸣽
ڼĴ󸣽ںȰ̥ҩȴҲ㡰ͯ޼ɡ̸Щ̫ܵһϣҲףĻǽġǰǸõĺӣ
뷨ˣʵȴô׵ģϾĶûˣиûףܾܵȢ޵ĵ
¹󸣽ˣ󸣽򽫶캰˽ȥǺ˼䣬˶ǻ㾦е˼棬Ǻ£ҲСˣǶȥ֮ǰҵңҪһҪúտǡ
͢Ǳ߶˵ɩĸڼȲǶǵ£ȴչҼš
ԼǸʮ꣬ôЩſڱտھȢޣ
Ҳ÷˴󸣽һ⣬¼ʲôѵҺͶȢϱúðյȥúùԼװֵĺӳ
ƽǳ⳶ǽգԼһƺͽ޹ġ
󸣽ԼĶӣ˵ŮڹŹһˣһ̥Ҳ֪ܲƽӡи̣˾Ȫ֮治֪ôǵĶ
ҪиܹǵˣҲ㵣ġ˶˽ģҳϣܶʱҲԼ˽ģɶ찡ϣͶܹúá
⻰ĵģͺ֮ǰҲ֤ģǵĸ׵ģλѣ

 67 

εĻƺӳص, Ҳ֪Ҫ֮ǰǻ˼룬Ҳö˵ʲô, ֻ󸣽˵, , Ѿ, ˣѡ, ԻΪ
Ҫû, Ҫټһˡ
ҡҡͷ, ܾһСȢһңԶ
СˣͣѾкˡ󸣽˭ĶԼ󸣽ﶼ, Ȼûѡ, ôΣ
һ㶡
, һĴڣûȢΪ, Ӧ˵ʱûǹȢκΪޡ
󸣽ƽشĶѵôɵɵ, ̲סЦ, ֪㲢ϲܣ㲢û, ʲôϵãҲ̵˵һ䣬òģҲ£ѣ浾ܳףҲһμԵ
˵ţ΢΢̾˿֪ΪβԸȢΪޣ죬ˣԸ𣿴ǸʲôӣȴΪƺֵܼ˵Ĺߣ޸㣬ӣ롣
첻֪ôӻ
ϲܵģϲȴŮ֮ϲҲͦģȢ˭ȢҲûϲˣܡҲ
ˣνɴǹҵģʮҪԸ⣬˼ҴҲԸ⣿
˼⣬ֻ󸣽Һúɣ¿ɲġ
ʵôܻͦģ̫Ǹ˶ԸҪǶһﰡЩ顣
ʲôʲôųʱ˴ܡ
ˣյĴܴһ֬ƽٴɫѣմšǹֺÿġ
Цк˵Щʲôü֮жЦ⡣
ˣֻԺ϶һλĸ׵ġ
ȢܣҲǲԣͦϲܵġ
ˣȢ¶Ҳû飬ֻ룬˼ȥҲֻȥҶ
ƫƫջδǸϲ˵ģ̳Ӻþȥ¹Ȼ˵¹򣬵ôҲȢϱˣⷽô˵ȶо顣
кþкòˣ¹ԵգֺŶҲ𣬡ʵ°ɣͽһͿʮȫʮˣԽ࣬Խ࣬°Խɲˡ
ܶʱϡͿҲǺ£˵ܡҺеӡǹﳤͦÿģڴ󸣽ߵǸ԰ɣ൹Ǹģ㵣Ǵ󸣽ã̫ԺҪЮ㣬һԲصġ
Ůӳ޴ӷ򣬾λ󸣽ǰǿƶߵĸŻ̫ҪԺ޸ˣ϶Ҳһġ
԰ҪԸԸȢԸԸ޸㣡
԰
¹һ˵صˣһֱĶԼ벻ȢܣȴûԸԸ޸Լ
һԴ԰һܲԸ޸ң˵ôҲǰ˵
ôӦǺһԸ񣬵ԼԸ£ǱõڲҲģϴҹӲõ
¹ɨ۶죬ӵͦϲģλӦò᲻ͬɣ
˼ͷ
Ŷһͱ˹ʱ¹Ѿˣ˲ȥЪţԵȶʱҲֻʣֵˡ
콫յҲ˵ˣʵﻹͦܵģһ⻰ȴǼ䷴ԣ죬Ҫǵã˲һң˵ʲôΪǶǼٵģʲô⣬ڴܣһܴ˲٣Ȣ̫Ҳʲô¡
пƶ߲ԭƶλ´ϸȥͽ̫ԼɷֶŮͰ͹ǻʲôģ죬һȰʡ
ʵ⼸նҲǷĵúܣ̫Ѿ£ֻûа¶˵ˡ
ûĻ̫ѾʮþȣͲǻ̫Ķ֣Ҳû̫ϣĵܵҵԼҸԺ̫ܵԼ
δĸҲԿƶ߲ԭ
쿴ֻǸʮĺӣʵͲǣܶĺҲѵڶǰ磬Ҿôͦõģҡ޸ң֪Ҫ̫˭䲻ϲҲ˵ᣬû̫һҲʶŮ˸ңһԸȢΪޡ

 68 

һɸֵģŶ, Ҳ˵ܲãǶ, Ժ㶨ڵġ
ֵܶѲǵǰദʽ, ԼȶҲ˼, ܶԸ, ǾǿöЩʲô, ҪȻ, Ͱøʲô
ʵܶ鶼ǵ, ˸㷴ԵĴ֮󣬷ʵ뷨
¡
Ϊ£һ϶û˯̤ʵһ׼ȥҴ̸һ̸
ˣҲηηģŴԸͳ, ҪǴܲԸ⡭˻Ǻѣ
˼򵥵˼, ٴβ, һûȥ󸣽ûȥ, ֱȥ˴ܡ
ҲǸã緹, ʮ屴, һ
Ҳ˲ʲôֱӳ˽ҳ֮žԼе̫ͻ, Ҫߵȥе㻰Ҫ˵
һΪʲô¶
Щʱ˽˵󸣽ͺ¶ΪǴ󸣽ߺǱ߳ˣæȥ
ȥˣһˬĶȴ
緹Բˣæ׷ôһ¡
һ·ǺɣԼʱˣֻʲôʲڵģɿŴŵĵС߻ŤŤģֻ죬Ҽ󸣽ʱҡҡ
˺ԽԽСѾˡ
ܾ󸣽⼸֣һҽôأ
վҪߡ
æסֻ󸣽û£ԸԸȢΪޣˣ˵飬Ҫ˵ԸǸûãԸУҪǲԸˣģ˴󸣽ǰҲ˵㲻Ը⣬˵Լ˼
ͷе㲻ȥܵ۾
һסˣֻԼǲΡ
ҲΣŶ˼ԸȢΪޣ

𿴴СɺܶﻹǺģƩ˵£֪̫ûܽ޸çŶ̩ûܽ޸򣬵ʱҲһὫ˵ġ
ЩҪôǺɫ֮ˣҪôǾҷ֮Ҫ޸ЩˣԸһӲޣ
͵͵һۣֻʲôܾԼĻæģҪǲԸһǿģյ͵ûˣ˭˵ġ
͵Ļ˵ǿĿİͰͣ˭֪ʱȴ˵һ䡪Ը⡣
³ճɵɵǸͱɶˣŴܣŴϴżɫСգ˵Ը޸㡣
˶٣ǵ´һּɣԼĿģģǵʱҼ޸ΪޣҶΪӣ
⻹Ƕһϼɫ
ǽŵЦ⣬ãȥߴ󸣽ҪܣģԺһúöġ
ܵͷҲЦ
֪ûŮ֮ϲʲôϵˣǸˣԺǸɷ򣬺øףֻҪĶվһջϲԼģš
˵˭֪ͷȴ˹ŮŻŵˣã󸣽Ҫˣ
ʲô
˾һ㶣ǰ¹󸣽ѹ˵֮Ӧ¸£ôǰˣ
Ҳ˲ʲôֱӳ˹ȥ
ԺҳһţţŮ̫ҽһæɫżˡ
ȴòԣϵĲѱɨڵأĭĽƺոշִ
Ѿԣˣ߹ȥ˵ôأ¹ǰջ˵󸣽ЩӲˡ
۾ǺģŶʹ˸ɫһǰһ˳ȥ
ǺͷģȴҲ˲ʲôһȥ͵ˣ󺹣ʵ̫ˡ
֪ʲô飬ԭǻ̫ͺ顣
̫뺣ü֮ǰͿʼѾ¹ˣ󸣽Ҳһֱһֻ۱һֻ۵ģϾƶ߲ԭ͹Ŀʲô˭
ɺǷ֮أ󸣽װƣҲװƣʱ˵鲻ظĺӣ˾ȥ̫ˣ㲻Լɷ
˽˵ƶŮ˲㣬ƶߴ󺹽Ů޷ˡ
ΪĹùã󸣽סˣһ㽫ҹ˼䣬ҪôҲע㡣
鵱ǿ޿ģתͷȥһ̫˵ټһʹ˶ݲҪؿƶߡ
ʱĻ̫Ъ͹һ⻰ҴҸȥҲ˲ϴ󸣽ڼ˵Ǽ
󸣽£ȴҲǸŮˣʱ͵İ飬ͷҲһǺҲǺҵģŮˣѵòһֶŮѵ󺹻ò𣿰͢Ĺأ꣬󺹾ôȲ
һķʣǻ̫һƣֱӴſ̫ʦϣ̥
˵Ѿ΢΢ֹ֮סĿǻ
ͬΪ˵ĶҲ̲סսȭͷֱ޲硣
Цһҵãʢʱ򣬹ùöðϰߣյʲôöԼȫ͵ȥˣãʱ򻹵һң
¶֪Լ˻ܵı˭죬ҿǸ
ʵ⼸˽²֪ٴȰ̫û̫ȥ󸣽̫ϴӦĺúõأһתͷȥ˺
ǹùãӲֱӻؿƶˡ
⻰ҲУһ󸣽иʲộҿôճ
ʲôЦһں֮У˭̫жϲ飬ҹ˵λʱ򻹺Ǻ֣ùиʲộ󺹿϶ﵽͷɵʱһŹģ
ɹҲǸ첻µزµģֻССһʹס
ͷʵúܣ˵˻Ựȥˡ
̫ŵļ٣ʱżʲôã
ĵţղѾϿ콫¹¹䲻Ǹʥ֣ɵҽһҲܶһݱϡ
Ĵ඼Ǵ󸣽׾죬Ż̫Щ¶ô
һߣһڴߣ˶ѹţˣᾪŵ󸣽
ֻû̫СӶ磬ˣеʱĲǸ
ƫƫ̫Լףһ׷ʽţôˣҪǴ󸣽£һ

 69 

⻰ֱü, Ŷ, ӵ⻰ֱü, ˰, Ҳ̫Ҫ˵, ԼĴ󸣽һ, ô˼ѹڱϣ
ҶĬˡ
̫ҽȻġ
¹Ϲʱ, 󸣽Ѳ, Ѫˮ˳һһӣŵֱ¡
¹Ҳ˲ʲôŮֱӽȥˣͷ˵Ӵȥ֮ɫҲǺܺÿƺá
ͷĵ, ֪˶, Ӥ΢, ССģèһ
ˣ
ˣ
һϲ, ͼһźӳԥƬ̿ڵϲ, ϲ, λ񣡡
ȻŮ
ڹеķԷ̫Ҳŵģĵ׻ϣ, ֻŴ󸣽һ̥Ǹӣû뵽ǸŮ
ŵݹ٣̫ñ󸣽ɻã
ǸʶȤģӱ˻ȥЦҺӴļʱ󸣽ȻѾ˯ȥˣӦûʲô󰭡
ˣҾͲŴ󸣽ЪϢˡ̫תߡ
ƽѰۡŮҲҪ˵ģʱ򣬻̫˵һӣ仰ûУʵ˺ġ
Ҳû˭ˡ
ʱ󸣽ѾЪ£˱ΧСţСӸճͰ͵ģģ¶ǸС
һֱ뵱㣬浱˽㣬Ͱ͵С˶ȴֱüʮ壬ó󰡣Ҳҵã
ǲõģͯͯȴ̲סЦ
̲סȤ㲻ãǸô죿ͦÿģ˵׼ʱûúÿˣ
ŲᣡѾ˰ͣÿԼҪѣɲ׼˵òÿ˵ˣҸճʱɺÿˡ
һ˵һЦģûôˡ
Ŵ󸣽ԺѹʱͷǻЦһƬǺöˡ
֪Լ˸Ů֪̫ûһۡԭΪ֮ҲݵһƬû뵽ȴ֡
Ŵ󸣽ˣһ˽ˣҸոտˣӣʮ˵Ҹճʱһˣ
˵䣬ﻹһӿǻίˡ
ӣ󸣽̲סЦͷʮڶˣճʱƯˡ
⻰ͷ⿴Ŷ졣
ģǽˡ
Цø
˵˼仰йŮ߽ǸҲˡ
ʱҲԭǴ˵仰֮ߵģ˭֪󸣽߸˼͵󺹿и⺢ȡ֣
ûС
󸣽Цһ߶Բȥˣûаӷϣ⺢ӣպôҶڣȡְɣ
룬ɫҿи³顣
³ںǷ˵˼Ԣ
ǵСɰǽĹкβף˲ϲеķˡ
󸣽Цŵֺãҿôˡ
ĺӲŮͷ⣬ӡ
ܵ˵㺢ӵСЦŵԺ󰡣ͽи³ˣ
ˣ³С־Ͷ
Ϊ³֣ڹһȻ󲨣˵꿦ֵ޿ɺǣϾǵճ˭֪̫Ů󸣽δ̫ͶԼСŮ֣β۷׷ף
̫˻ѡ
ȻҲкƲԵɡ
ʵ󸣽գ̫뿪֮ϸϸ룬ûǶԴ󸣽Ρ
û뵽ڶֳ˵ŮǸȡģ󸣽δֱӶ˺ӵ֡
ӵĻ̫ܲܶ˵ʵֻ¿ｫ㵽˴󸣽ͷϣдܵһͷϡ
ǰǶôȴһòǰˡ
ȥ֮Ķ컹ó׼õĳ֮ǰ˴ģ¼ˣ˿϶ҪԴ׵ģ׼ݡ
ݳֻԼǲҲø׼һݣҲǸСӰ
ţѹûʶԼʹǲ͡
׼ȻеˣŸ׼
ϲʲôأΣѣ
ɲɣЩ̫ͨõó֣
컹Ǻģ֮ǰʱЩͬµûʲôŮǸʲôֻŴðռ޸˼ʧǡ
˼룬ж뵽һöҩ
ʵɣҲǶģ¹ģ¹ΪˣһÿջǾӸóԳԸúȺȣöһȺĽģƶ׷ʣ֪¹ǻҩŵġ
ʵ¹ʳ֮гҩţƽõͷѬ㣬ϴõҩоġ
¹ճԶȶķϣ˶첻ҩǸģù֮ȴ鷳Ҫˡ
ô÷ִģ¹ҩù֮ȷЧܺãҲˣϾⶫò¹ġ
ţȥû뵽ճž˶
һ˳·ȥ
Դ󸣽ûʲôӡ󣬵ָþǲȱģŵҲһһеɼˡ
۶߾͸Ÿ˶ֿտգʲôûţšе㺮ᡣ
üСϴͿȥ
ʲôϵھڶ࣬ҵĶ󸣽Ǽ˱׼ϲ컹ͦĵģѳںɰڸܴҩյСϴЩŲʣЩʱҪһ˹ȥ
Ƴһ۸ڶߵӣе棬磬㶼Щʲô
ҡҡͷҲ֪׼õġ
ãԼҲǰʣ
Ժ˭ҪǼ޸ͦùģſҵ̫˵㣬޲һʮʱʮʱھӪʣʱʱԷһʱ˯ھӪЪϢʱͿѧϰ˲ɹ˭ܳɹ
о仰û˵׼ˣʷϵĶܹһ̤ƽ͢ûеġ
ûԶȴǲĵʣҪȢΪ𣿶죬Ȣ²ģϣҵԼҲϣҲңҪǲԸȢΪޣƴҲؾ¡

 70 

Ǹø, ˵縸Ǹĸסͷһů, , ܰҵС, ҲűҴ, ҵҲ֪, ʲôʲô, ҲǾ˼ǵġ
Ϊڲȴǰ, ҲֻȰ䡣Цȴǻл黻˴ǰĶ죬ҪȡǿӲֶˣɣ˾ͺá
˵Ż, Ŵѩ, ҲǺܿСϴ, ѵõ֣һ, ȴģ̫Ҳˡ׼ǵСŮ
ϴ¶, Ǿʵ˵ȥˡ
ӵ϶Ц, һ˵Źػջġ
ȥʱ򣬻̫С, һЦŵСƤģԺ᳤úܰףСԺ϶Ƿʤѩúÿˣ
մϲӣ˵
˭֪̫ɨһָۣԺĺӶÿ
ҲֳַϺòã
¶ߡ
۶ûʲô飬ֻ̫˵㣬ȥߣû뵽ճţȴŮײ
ѽһ
ŸС׼Сѵһ䵽£ͷװˣֳ˼꣬
æ򿪽һȻŵ롣Ļˣ۾·Ҳ֪ŵ㣿
Ҳû·ôŵ㣿
Сϴ˶ȥ뵽Ҫ²Ǹǿʶҵˣ¶ö˶˵ģѵҪҸǸɣ
˵ץӷʱӷˣҲ۵ģֱһɺԣ
ŮӽʱֻŵͷϵĽУû·ҪΣ϶ı
һҲֱ˽ȥֱǿʶ
ҲǺһ䡪
ʱֻƺõӣϸһ֪ԭС׼ϴʱˣĹĵģҪǿڽСϴϣҵú۵ģҳô󣬻δˣǲ
ոճȥӣ
һ⣬ҪûмǴĻӦþǶһˡ
ǸĶҲ㲻ˡ̽Ǻܷˣ
ȻҲһ׼õģ˲˼ѰģҲû׼Ȼ˲
׼Թ䣬ͼŶˡ
ʱͷһŤյСȥˡ
֪˾Ƕʱ̲סСӸвͬһҲǶһġ
⻰˵ȴҲСպܹöͶ
ɫѿˡ
ײײĸ첲磬ڱŷˣ
źвŮҲûй⡣
ϴܿͿʼˣС廹ǲģ⼸ûû֣ô󸣽ο
ҪӣŮһҲͷ⡣
һϴˣ̫Цģűһȥз
ϯ䣬󸣽ڻ̫Ҳ̫࣬˺Լ࣬⻰˵ʱ򣬺ɫ⣬󺹣ǲðɣǸѸϲӣײС񡭡
һ˵;ԴۣҪԼײС񣬽ʲô
̫ȴһ⻰ȴǸˣ˵ֱӽԼ࣬СϴҲߴһϢҴ㽫Ϊ
ʢûж೤ʱ䣬ȴƽ⣬ʵġ
Ϣ˲⣬ȴû뵽˵ǰ鰮ĺˣٵȼ춼Ȳȥ
ֻ۴󸣽˴󸣽һۣȻŴ󸣽ɫÿС˷ɡ
˶ûӻ
̫ס֣Ժ󰡱һһѸһһ֮ˣӽ֮ҵĸˣӽ쿪ʼҲסƫֱӰᵽԼĹȥסš
ϸϸİţ֪ǽ󺹣֪ĻΪǺߵĹ¡
˴󸣽ҲͺסĹã˴󸣽ҲͺߵĹŮ࡭̫ԻʢϰߣǸܶطСעš
ţֻԼҪˡ
ҪûмǴĻʷϵĻ̫ǳƵ֮ɵĺ飬Ϊǰ˼͸ᣬòǳڣҲиû̫ĳ谮
󣬺Ѿ᷺ۿ󺹣ҡҶ֪˵ʲôźãԺǺĶˣǺɷ򡭡
һһ͵ģ·ǵһ˵ˣˡı顣
˭Ҳûע⵽󸣽ɫѾʮѿ
Լ㣬Ѱ಻סҪվĶȴһקס֣嶯
Ҳ󸣽ֵΪǴ󸣽Ѫ׵ԵʣԻûʧȥǡ
Ƕ֪˭ڣ˭ûȤ
̫Ѿ׵ױס۾
ָ⴫ůĴУܵͷһֹһ̧ͷ󸣽Ҳ
ȴѾ̫ˣʵ̫ͻأ˲עѡ
̫ʲô
󸣽æΧ˵ͱȺСȴҲǺĹùãպ鱻ΪΪùãȻ溣ˣҪǰһ
Ů˵󸣽ϣҲͦġ
ֻ̫Լôôˣ棿
ܼЦȻ
˵ǰľѣ飬ϲ
ӿۻ̫ŵСùãҡһΪ͹ùûˡ
е֪֮ģûɵȥ
󸣽ЦЦôأһҵֶŮǻôù㣿ҸСҲã㰡ɵôǶչ˴󺹡
⻰˵Ƕô磬ֻû̫õǸ󸣽ֻˣ檣ò⡣
֪ͺ飬˵ûˣçŶ̩ҲǱſЦ̬
ԹӢѹ˹أ̫㲻ʲôӢۣҲ˼ѧһף͢򲻴ˣ벻һͳˣ
Ҳһ뷨úܶ鿴Сȴܸıܶ飬ǺЧӦ
һΣʷǲǻ᲻һĻı䣬ʷϻ峯ǲܹ컨һ٣Ҳڶս϶һ

 71 

ܶԺ첢, Ҳֻһһˡ
Ϊ̫Ҫ⺣Ϊôһԭܸ˵¶Ҳζ, Сϴʱ˺
ԼҲз, Ǹ˲ѡ
ܼ͸ҩ, ҲǸ˵ĺܡ
תۼ͵˿
ܵĹϵҲһպ, Ҳܵĸ, һֱð, ǿ, лڲų£һľͺ
ҵ˴󸣽˵ҪȢΪޣ⼸, ĺ, 󸣽ܼ޸Ϊޡ
ɫ, ˵һǳҪ顣
󸣽Ҳ֮ĥԾ˵ȢΪ, ˵ԸȢΪޣһֵĲ, ȫһ
⼸, 󸣽ûڶǰ£ȴŶܵĹϵһպǾò
Ȼּɡ
еԵûϸϸ, ֮ͽԼȥˣֻҪܺͶĺãͷˡ
Ƿ֣ϵЦݱȴǰˡ
ͷǳɵǴ󺹲ͬµġ
̫˵ϲҪ˵ᣬҲ̸ϣϾǰ滹ŰçŶ̩һ˵ȡ
ڻ̫ƺҲϲܣһԸ⽫ܼ޸ģϾ̫ܻ̫ܲĿơ
󸣽ЦŵҺʹ󺹷޶꣬ӻ˽ģģ¾ͽҺˡ
֮Աƶ߲ԭ͵ʢǿ϶Ĺ֮ģòһ棬ֶκĻҲǺҪģƶ߲ԭܲһݰ󸣽ġ
Ȼ󸣽˵ˣŵһҲ
ûнʧûջ̫ͷųҪܼ޸Ϊޡ
һȥ֪ʲô¡
ԭ󸣽ûһʼֱ⣬ֱڻ̫˵뽫ܼ޸ģ˵ܼ޸һܣŴܻȥƶߡ
Ѽӷˣ̫ȻǲԸġ
󸣽˵ʲôͶȥǰӦһź£ĿŴ껪̫żˣ󸣽ǴܵĽ㣬ȴҲΥĸ˼һ˼Žʲôδ׵ġ
ⲻ֪̫д󸣽ˣ̫һ䡪󺹺αصģ˵㽫ܸ޸ʮıգˣʮıϧʮ屴գū˵ܸ޸ʮ屴ձȼ޸ʮıոΪʡ
Щ˸ΥһΣѵΥ˼βɣ
Ļ̫Ѿɥʧǣһ⻰ô£ϾͶ¡
˵еʱ˽ĲѣҲĵˣһͬ꣬˵Ůˡ
̫δǰ£ǿƵĶơ
󸣽װ޿䣬ô˼ꡣ
ʵǶ˼ʹǰĺӣܳף
̫ˡ
ʱ򣬻̫ȴ͢Ϣ͢ʵ岻á
ĳĴʵ۲˶ǳôɣ´ȥ˿ǻ漰֮ģϢѾ̫ˣɼ͢ʵУĲͦصġ
һʱ䣬λ֮˲ͬçŶ̩ٴγսʧһ
û˵
çŶ̩Ҳˣ̫ҪǣҪǣ˵ʲôʲô˻̫Ȧף֪ʵĳʱҲԲ
ЩðķУ֪̫֮ĵ׵Ǹʲô֪ǵĴһֱΪȥǳ̶ڻȻǼ̫ϲ˵ˣ˵ʱ͢󺵣ʿԵĶûУɾһɢˡ
⻰˵Ļ̫ǴҪٴγ
һۣжд˲ͬ
͢պͽʿȱٴģѵ콫ʿӾͺܺù𣿲ǿܹ±ˡ
δ꣬ȵúܣһаɽˮȥֻ̣һ·ϾѾƣˡ
οЩѹû͢Щʿͼꤣһ̰ˣˣһôŶ÷һġ
̫ѾɫͿӣһƬϣһ/ȵģ鸡çŶ̩б˿вͬļ⣿
˰ϲţģرԼϲŮ˸ǰţںǰŵΪ½ɽʱĺΪʺģΪ˲İŮʧȻ
û˽ӻ
ʵɣƵͦӻģ۴ǰ鿴̫ƺʤȯգͬļҲûá
̫˱£֮ٳ
һ

 72 

ȴס, ֪̫뷨Ƽ򵥣ȴû뵽, ⲻð콫ʿȥ
ǿưԵ, ȴǺںµЩʿ
ֻڵһʱ, 콫ʿ˺ü, Ѿƣ, մ󺹺çŶ̩˼, ͢ʿѾǲһ, ǻ콫ʿʢϢ
˵ˣǲȥ£
Ҳƨɺ˵һĻûаǸʵҲ˵治Ļ
̫ɫһ
⼸ﲻ֪ģλѾȹ, ɺܾû˸˼, , ʲô˼ǰʱ콫ʿŸĴս, Զǳǰ棬δûй, ⶼϢ, ҪϢ
˵ţǵЦޣƺǺܸ, ҿǲǶ
ëһսɼǺģ԰겻ɰȴĻɶԷ磬ƫƫ˹ˣȴǵʱ
ھӪ֮УΥǴɻ䡣
󺹺γԣҪǶ㲻⣬ҲͲӵ⺹λˡЦЦȴ͸ּڽ˲֪Ϊ̫׿Խͷײ˶ˮֻ֣Ǽղ֪
⻰˵çŶ̩ǴżЦ⣬һϷļơ
⼸°¿Ƿƽ˾ʵȴǰӿ̫çŶ̩밢ø񶷵һԼڰȨǽƵСӰЭ밢һ죬콫ʿʳ⣬ÿÿȥһ̫̫ǰ
ʿԲʱһ콫ʿȻ˼ֻô󺹶ǣǻʲôǰ;
˵˵ͽ
ɴǰǺϻ̫䣬̫ˣ񱻺ĲʺƨţֻԼȫˣ˵Լǰ˵ÿҪݾߵŶԵĶ飿
Ļ£еĲžһɨڵ¡
նʱܽš
öæԲ󺹣˼֪ģӡ
öʣ㲻˵ûӣǶǰڸǰ̫ͦϧ˲ŵģԳȥλСգһڴһ£˵˵һӶû
ǰ鳳ֹ֣ǹţ񡭡ֻѾ˺Ƥˡ
Цһ̫˵ҷǰɱеʱô˵ҷ常ȥ֮Ϊܹλãôҵģ̫Լ˵Щ˵ʲôĴչͬԼ˵Ļȥˣ
öһʹɫϧûãͲȥ氢ˡ
󣬰һ˦öʵ֣㲻£Щ£˵ЩҲ⵱һ
̫ɫˣӶ΢΢ȴûнӻ
һֱԱ߿ϷĶֱòԾջ̫ǲģǿ϶ʲôѱڰϡ
ǻʲôѱˣ
ܹû̫ܹӰ쵽λܣ
벻
ǴƳԲҿ黹Ǵӳĺã·ͬСɣ䣬Ҹϸյͷ¹һȥҸϳԿ¹⡭
Ц˵˺ЩŽ
ڿ¹⣬ûȥԵģ˭Բ¡
Ǳöקߵģ̫һֱ״Ҳȥˡ
´һˡ
̫Ȳ裬ɫ΢ÿ˵㣬˵ǲǴˣҪûеǼ£Ҳᱻǣơ
ʼĴƲǸƢģʹˣҲ鶼ѾˣЩʲôײǸûִģûеڰ˵
̫ЦһƲ˵ѵûͽЩ˵ף˵֮ôճⲻǸ򵥵⡣
ƳĬˡ
ǽ˵ľǰͺѳһ£ͶһŬȥ֮ǰδ˵Ҫͺѳᣬ⣬Ǵġ
ŬʱзԷ˵밢ͺһȣ֮䵽û˵硣ʵΣֻд֪ˡ
ǵûˣ
Լֲ壬ͺһֱǸܴŮˣŬ谮ͺ̫Һй֮޲ӹܹõ˳ҵŮӹòԶԶģͺܴ
ǰȴ̫ˡ
ʱ̫سӴƣͺôƻΪһ˽ܣʵҲûʲôʵԵĶеʱָһеʱһ񣬸Щʱ˵ЩǶǣĻ
ΪŬô谮ŬʹˣþɳٲܻһӣΪԼҺÿɽ
ǸʱĴƱԵ߻أֻ
һ֪֮ͺԼʼհĶԼӣڱˣǶӣŬҲǡ
ƴʼʲôûеõķߺȴ٣¶ѶҪ
ԵŬŴ밢ͺȾʱվ氢ͺ˵ȴʲôû˵ŵ°ͺһŬ
ҲǸˣ֪ԼʹˣЩܵܵĶ֣ԵŬȥ֮ѡһܺʵͶ̫
̫çŶ̩һ̫綼ȴҲȱôܹץסȱ㣬˼
Ƹ֪̫ܼɻ䰢ͺø졢һϵͺڣšһԺҪԸˡ
ԣŻӧȥ̫˵çŶ̩ðͺѳᣬçŶ̩һ԰ͺȻּɣ˵ǻǷ˵㹦򣬱Ͼ밢ͺĸӼûʲôޡ
û뵽ˣȴ
֮⣬λնϣͺ˵ͺ˶˵аһҲڰ˰ѱ
Ƽ̫鲻õӣȰʵӦңǰͺţøζԸçŶ̩ģһˣ˵񰢼øçŶ̩Ķ֣Ҳûаﰢø˼СϻҲϻ㹻çŶ̩Ԫˡ
ȵǸʱ򣬴ٳ֣һУ
̫ɫԺÿЩçŶ̩ǳҪģȴְçŶ̩Ϊ֣çŶ̩çײȴǽƻúܣ߻мöڣҪֻ²ô򵥡
ȴǼãһǡ

 73 

ȴЦŵ󺹲ż, ÿ˶ģսպ, Ǿ, ǳ, ҪĲ, ⻹𣿡
̫ܸȤ
Ƶ㹻ĸ, ʱЩ, ҪȻ󺹵λֻҲԵ, ⻰ô˵
ⷽ棬ȷƶöࡣ
Цʲô󺹾콫ʿϵٻ󣬿ҿԼŵȨ, ϣ, η
ĸױѸ, ǿģĽ, Žߣô, ʲôڵһ, ޷ϣĿ࿴ǼʲôӰ, һ´ƶ˵䵽ֻгݿ࣬Ҫͷص˼
󺹱ˣһͬȥ˵ҪͺʱʼǼԸģڴ˵Ĵչ֮ͬŴӦԿȨжô
ڰ˶˵ӣǶƨ˹ľǱڲֵѪСɱУЩ˵
̫˲ʱˣǾͷĴչͬĹҵҪ̵ʲôʱ򡣡
ܶʱϵķսϸӲпᣬɱ˲Ѫб
ЦЦʾͬ
˵ڶգ̫Ĵչͬ˵Ǵ󺹣ɴǰʣλʱȴڻ̫࣬˵ƽƽڳǺлȨġ
ʣλղҪһ𳯰ݻ̫̫˵ʱǻҪȻ̫˵ꡣ
ǴƳģƿ϶Ը⣬çŶ̩ҲԸˣһ룬԰¶ǻ̫԰ģԸĳʲô˼Ҳ˵ˡ
Ӫط˴Ƣɵ׻
ִ̫֮ǵüöԼ˵Ļ׺ʹֵܣΪִΪޣ󲮾Ľ׶꣬ˣǺʹֵֻܡ
Ƕ֪̫ǸؿģǵĶ綼ҪջȥģҪ˭Ǹͷ񣬸磬ǲΪԼһ룬ҲΪȪ֮µĸһ룬ΪµЩʿһ롣
ⷬ˵˰Ŀȥˡ
ⲻ֪Щ˽¶˵ġ

̫ûʲôӦȻǲưոݵģŶ콫ʿĿҵҲǱȽŵģ˵ʲô飬սڼڶ԰콫ʿṩݡ
ǡ˹ˡ
¶ʳʱ̣Ӯ̣ûüʳôһ
Ҫȥһ̫ƴȴǱö
ʵԹöϲ£֪ܹƺס̫ˣɲܱ̫ˡ
ڶڵʳ࣬˽͵͵м۵Щȹѹ
̫һСӻ̵ͦģҵǿ̵ʲôʱ
֪֪˰սʤ̫˽Ⱒ
бµһ㶼ԼԿˡ
ûվǵ˷õʱ򣬰Ψľñ˿ˣ̫ҵҲͦġ˵ʲô콫ʿ̣ʱǵľá
̫˵ĻǱȽϺģĥĥȥ˼
ӣʵ̲ȥˣֱӳȥ鷿ҲͨһǾ̫㵽ʲô˼ʳҲˣҲԸأǱƵ췴
ʿЩϴ֣ԵĲ㣬˵仰ĻסϾǳֵܣΪ˼ڳԵֳʲô
Ǿöǵȫһˣ꣬Ǿָų͢ٺôȥˣһ˾ôָָˣ˼ҿ϶Ҫڵġ
ŰڵӣǰҪסɻûһű߷ڵء
˵빬صǲģǰȴŵɼڰ
̫ǳҪʲô
⻰ǰɣһ̫Ŷʱ³ɺһͷҾվҪ㿴Ҳ˳ۣɱҾǣ𱳺ʹЩӣ
̫ɫ࣬Ĭ
ĵһ䡰˰ѾγҪǲ֣ҾҪˣҳҲҪŪģ֮ǰһ汳ģҲΪǽ£
ϣǾֱ
׻̫С̫ˣͱСֵǿ׳ʱҲǾþɳ֮ˣһһģ˭Ӯ˭䣬ǲ˵

 74 

սս, ̫Ҳб, ŵ, Ҳǰ, ֱӰεͿ̫
û뵽Ƕ, û뵽ٶȻ֮, ̫Ҳû㵽
ֱӿ̫, ̫һ, ϡ
ʱѪð˳
ߵæˣ˾ţ֮Žס
ǵʱ򣬰Ҳúܣµ̫, Ҹ, ɱ, ҪȻҳὫµЩ¸ˡ
ܴ󣬺޲µ˶֪, Ҫ֪Ҳû̫ùġ
̫֪˵ǰͺѳǼ, κй¶ȥ, Ը˽
æҵģ˽Ѻȥ̫ҽġ
ŶϢʱ, һ
ʱѾΣѱͷѾһպյĽ˵ɱܡ
һӴסˡ
ԣ
԰
ʷϵİΪΥűģçŶ̩Ϊͼıɱ̫ŵ̨ģôأеһжԡ
û˵ֻΪ̫ˣСǲãʱһ޲Ҫ˴󺹵Ŵ󺹶㿪ˣֲȥһţֱߵȥ˶˵󺹻Űյơ
ƣ
ɲôãŷնɱֵҪʮ˲ģĸҪɱŬ࣬ȡŬ֮Ŭ඼ûɱֻǽ
֮󵽵ǲ˹ӣǾͲö˵
Ҳõֻ»˶೤ʱ䣬̫ɱɶҪ̫ǣڰİ취
ᰢ汾µˣˣοǼöʵ׸硣
֪˵ʲô
ܶʱʷƮƮȥһ仰зϣûôɡ
ʵǼöڡ
˵öʣ̲ס̾˿˵һֱڴ鷿ǰ󺹷һ˵ʲôԸӵеһ
ʲôأ޷ϵһˡ̲סȻһɴ̫ǿ϶ӦģڴӦˣͼ̫ԣҪȣûаӵļöʣͬʧȥӵʨһûʲôвԡ
Ի̫ԣҪöϵһжͬ̽ȡǴ󺹿˵ʲô
󺹸û¶ǴƱճȰΣ˵մʵǲصѾһˡ˵⻰Ҳ޾ᣬǿվս޲ʤսĸ콫ʿΪգ
˭û뵽ջ³
ûнӻ
ʵڲ֪˵ʲôźá
ڼöǱ߼ֻ˵ΣֱͷҲ붼֪Ҫ˵ʱ
öʼɰտų󣬿˵ǰĸһ㣬̫þֻܾܴӦˡ
ֵܼ棬ȴ˷ǣ˲˵öʸǰͷ棬Ѫ˻Լĸ硣
ö͵ˡ
ȴûƵģקżöʵ֣дʲô
öʾòԣ磬дʲô
ѽѽ˵ʲô
öʸ̽磬Ҫ죿
ͷ
öʲԣɼĳԵĺȵĻѱӣǺܸȤӣֻȥҶ졣
Ϊ⼸ոдĶ࣬ͻȻö˵ҪԼֻͷԣҪңҪʲô
öҲһͷˮҲ֪ҪʲôҪ㣬һֱд֡죬ȥɣ
ͷ˭֪Ҷ϶С¡˵ţ󣬡죬ģε취һǣġ
æҪģȥˡ
ʵǶֻ֪ʱ޶̫̫࣬õġ
ϣżöһȥ˵Σöͷţȥˡ
ڿһ˲䣬ֱԼ۾ﻹǵǸպյĴհ
ɰȴڿһ̣谵ӱŷЩϸһƣƺЦǰץס֣ķȥдż֡ǣ
һ⡣
֮䣬ûлɹ̫⻰ʱԼ϶֪ģң˵˭

 75 

æʣ˭𣿿ɳ˴, ˭
̫Ѫ, һһڶдšա
һ, Ȼû״çŶ̩Ͷﰢͺʲôϵ
дšġ
Ǻܴ, һ, Ѳ˻ǲڹⱨ, û˸ԼЦ
ˡ
ٶʱ, ȴſ, ̧ͷһⲻǻ̫˭
öҲסˣ˺üնûм̫һ棬û뵽ջ̫ô죬ɼ԰з
ԭ԰Ļŵģȴʮ, ̫԰ʵ̫/, ޶˶˵ΪҪ˰ͷ, ˵
Ż̫˼һת, ЦôˣҲ𣿡
ϵЦ̫ãõѹֵո, ѹֵðɽдЩ춼û
̫΢΢, ôأ
⻰˵ɣͺǡڵżһ
ö˵ͦҵģ, 磬ֵһǰ绹ˡҪܿԼϵı飬Ҫһ䡰ݼʹѹˡ
̫ڽݵʱ֧죬һѽק˻Ҳǰȹһ
ʱ˭ȣ컹ǰݶ
ɻ̫ĲأƻǾòţرǽʱöϵеţģ
󺹣ƭʲôҪֿֿӣҲѹģʱʱȰ˵ҪֵܺҪִ
˵ţɫ󺹣дҲôص³ҪųɣԺһˡ
ȷˣ̫һֲתƻ̫ע
̫ɫ²ܣ죬㿴Ļ𣿡
˵ĺأʱһûҪȴһ磬һֱѣһһŰʹ˳̵ľڴ˺üա
þɳ֮оˣɫȻѿ̫ҽ˵ٲͣҪţţ
ע⵽ֱ۴űŶһֹоˣô׸ʲô
˵ţǲ˵ȻҾȻȥˡ
̫ıӰֻﲻԣɨ۰һߺޣǾòġܾöѾ֪ˡ
ǻ̫תһ룬־ò԰ǸĺӣҪѩޣѵ߰ø߶ģ߶ʲô
ƣͼöʹϵҲǲܡ

ʱ˵εĶҲǻ亹̫ˣ̫ˣ
Ҷ˹ȥջ̫ӣĵģô졣
֪Լһ˸û취̫ͬ⣬һȥͽշ˶⻰Ķ˫ȭգû˵
֪һֱ԰ͺڻļ磬ȥˣӱʮ겻
ͷĻţǸƣ̫Ͳöţţֵܶ˵ǸܴвڴƺçŶ̩˴ǰͶйڣҪѳҲ֮е飬ΨǰǴ֮顣
鵽زҲûҪѡ
ڰΪλѡ߶࣬ҲܹףøԸ̫³ç϶ѡģԼ򻹼ǵõΪһȺͻֵ̫ͬˮʱԼ֪ʵ飬ֻµɫͱˣʱ̫Ϲȥʱ򣬾Ѿ©ݡ
Ƕ첻һ
ܴñͨҲûһζڹȥ
̽磬ǽô죿
ѲǵǸʢΪ֪꣬ҪΪﱨ𲢷һһϦ飬Ѿ⣬ȴǵ죬Ӧ
ܵҪġ
ƾŻ̫һ֮϶û취Ƶöѳᣬ赶ɱˣѵǾͲ𣿡
ǧ̻֮Ѩο̫󺹵λҲʮְȡ
˱Щ֪ðһ飬ǵû̫󹬣ټϰЩĽʿ˵̫λ᧿Σ
˵ͷû̫ҪŰøֲçŶ̩ǲǲԽçŶֲ̩̫

 76 

ʵʱ̫ѾʮּɵçŶ̩, վçŶ̩ߣһҪ˻̫
ڽĴ֮λ, ڱصá
ʱӢ, , ǶǴҪġ
ҵçŶ̩˵Լ, çŶ̩һھʹӦ, ȴ־òԾ, ɱڸˣ
Щû¶ĥ, ԭΪ̫һԼ֣û뵽ȴ԰֣ҲˣһǲǾأ
̫ϵһڸҲǲܡ
ЦʲôЦһ, ǻͻ̫һ, ȦҲѡ, 㻹ʲôõķ𣿡
çŶ̩һ죬û취ӻ
ȻԸ, Ҳòϻ̫˵ǶԵģ̫ʮֿذø, ŰøڵҲˮǴ, ʲôöԶǵһֵġ
̫ǱҵĶҪѪծѪ
ô֪çŶ̩˵һʶ˲Ծ, һתһʱ̫ˣҪתͷԸңҺͻ̫ԸɺվһϣҲʲô¡
ʣﻹǺġ
̲סһЦ˳çŶ̩Ļͦɰģ
ֻǣȻģԩͷծҪҵǻ̫
çŶ̩ƲçŶ̩çŶ̩̣Ҳ벻ݶİ취
çŶ̩ŶһٴαֳԸͶǺ˼Բ
˾ռ죬֮󣬼öݹ죬ֻվڻ̫Ǳߣ컹ڻ̫Լģ˵ǻкܴʤ㡣
żһ̸ѵҹ
һ磬çŶ̩ͶƲ˵ϳˣѰֵĵضȥˡ
ŰøĴɢҥԣçŶ̩Ҳһ̬ûƵģѵõûз
żն㣬̫òԾˡ
ⲻçŶ̩磬û֮çŶ̩תһ룬ҪçŶ̩ҲͲçŶ̩ˡ
ɽçŶ̩Ͼд룬¹ȥΡ
ʱս֮ˣ϶ŵ˲ģçŶ̩ҲˣЩǱɫͿӣһ򲻴á
̫ר̲ȥǰȥֱ˵ɫ԰ףӲ
ӻˣøƶ˲ˡ
̫ʱû˵ڻ̫ԣçŶ̩ʲôֵˣ̫˼ɵǶֵܡ  
ԭðøֵƽȥû뵽ֵȴ˿ϵټյе˵ûжɣʼȴǻ̫ͷһ̣С
̫һǸͻ顣
ѡǺã˵Ҳǿƶ߲ԭϵĸ񣬽飬ģһȴŰ裬ͺϵܺá
̫ǰ˸ʹ죿
˭֪̫аϵģȴȴЦŴӦ
춼ƽֱ˵̫ǹģõǵԸİ취Ƶö췴˳
ЦЦΪ뽫ܼ޸ҵʱҾ뵽˻һ죬첲ֲȵģǸûкͻ̫Եı£ͲҲͬ⣬Ͳҷƫƫ⣡
Ȣ˭˵һģ죬㲻Ϊҵģ
֪ӺԼһ¿ıȽᣬǻϧ
̫»£ӶĻܼڽ졣
㣬Ҳûá
ɶȴǰż˼ûУҲû˵Ժӣ²ºûʲôϵƵġ
δɩӣ컹ȥһ˵ƶ߲ԭˣλȴǶ⣬ģ÷ǳǳһ㣬ΪڵԵʣŰ裬Ŀˣǰͺǹѣ˵ܹ֮޸򣬺ûг
ЩѾڸǲסʧʧҲûа취֮Ҫʢˡ
ܹʹǿ󣬶ѲǵĶһ̫л
֮ˮݵѽ̫׵Сӣǰֻ˰ͺӰӡͺӻǴģһ
Ϊĺ̫ŸӲܽ
̫Ц򣬽ҵл

 77 

ɫȻĸл󺹵, Ժգ֪˶ҪȢΪޡ
⻰, ̫Ȼǲŵġ
ȴֳܱ, ֻĵ׾öҪص, Ҫ, лܰġ
һ, Ͷ¶
ԼͶԴмֺø, Լ»ͦ, ɶ¡һξһΣȻ¹һҪ
¹¿ȴǺףԹ¶һԸһԸģ򶼾νܸʲô˵, 㻹ǰԼ, СӼҼҵ, ѧ˼ҽʲôԼ»֮նȼˡ
ǰ󸣽ԺʹҲмֽӴ, СŮޣ, ͦġ
, 컹ǾܣҾöѾˣӦȢһԼϲ, ϻȥ˵˵ơ
ѾԤ뵽˶׺һȥͰԼ鷿Ŷͦġ
¹ȴ˵һζĻҪջ񣬿϶ҪģǸø硣
ֻ΢΢̾˿
֮黹ûʢˣоʹ˸Ϣ黳ˡ
ѾƫʷԺһƬңѾֲʵʷˡ
Ҳ֪󸣽жôģǰȥʱ˵̫ﶼȥ˭˲ϣֻк顣
ϴΪ̫躣黹רȥҹֱ˵ǲˣҲǵ׹ùã󸣽С񣬺Ż̫ǲá
֮ûʲô˵ģû뵽Ϳ޿Ĳ˵üһ˽һŤͷ̫״˵ʲô󸣽ݲϲǰռŻֿ̫Ҫؿƶߡ
ļϵᣬõڻ̫Ŀ⻹ܡ
̫ȥҲǸƢһһָŻ̫Ĳǣ̫ǰӵˣ⻰Ͼ͹ҲסˣǴ󸣽ţֻҪݺݸһơ
УҪ졭
Ŷȥһˣ˹Ȼصģ󸣽˵ʵҵֶŮΪչ˴󺹣ϲǿƶԸģΪǶûˡ
СǸģ˵ʲôʲôֻһ̥¶ӣʱ
ѾЩ˵Ѿݷϣһ̥¶ӣȥΪĻԺ󺹵λá
󸣽ϥûжӣԺܲ¶Ҳ˵ƶ߲ԭŮµĶӳ˴󺹣ϲּǺǾͲС
ʲôĸ׾ʲôĺ⺢ʮСҪġ
ʷϺĺӸûþزˣӦǺ岻ãźҲ屾ͲãЩʲôԺԺ˵רչ˺ԼˣҿɫöˣҲܷɣջǵӴơ
ںԺҲ˵̫ࡣ
һ֪ģ岻ã紵ܾҪһʱ鲡ˣ˺þöûã̫ȥ¹ֻϧ¹ܲӵûȥ
󸣽ҡҡͷβ룬ˣôһʲô
һ飬Դۡ
ΣԴҲãֻܿο󸣽䡣
תۼˣһգ컹ר̴յҪδɩӳʲôģƲ֪һһ
ĸ߸ߴ󣬺ںֵģƫƫһ̺죬Ҫжǰſƶ߲ԭˣӴ󸣽ÿóˣģҲڶ
ƫƫ˻ſ񣬼󸣽Ҳֻǲ鲻Ը˸к󸣽Ҫȥ顣
󸣽ȻǷȥˡ
ˮ
򲻺ϵ̲סҡҡͷ΢΢̾˿򳤵һ˲ţȻҪȢΪޣʵ̣ˡ
˵Ůʮ˱䣬ԽԽÿû뵽Ѱ˲һûڸˡ
һʱ䣬˶˳Ĭ
ȥ֮󣬶ѹû£ǶԷʱ˵飿
ĿİͰ͵ģûôλδɩӣѾѻˣȻû·ϣȥһ˴ƸϣûƣȴǼĴС

 78 

ǴƵĴ, ͱȶһ֣ô, ǵýһʮ塱
, , ҵʲô
ɫȻǴƵĶ, ȴǸ޳Ǹ, ̫ı, Ҳ֪Щ, ʹˣ㽫ϵһ콻У˵нö˵ǰһġ
кȾƣȶˣ˵֮ʣ̫Ѿ, ǸʱѾʼﻮˡ
۸հԶ, ڼԼȲ϶, Լļ⣬ǰʱ˵ֻϺ, ûзһҲûзġ
˵, һ, ǴƵŵ㣬ȴҲȱ㣬Ϊ, ó۲ƣ̫Ĵȥ㲻ôƻǵһĳ̫Ǹˡ
뵽ĥ磬ˣ֮ǽƣǰø񡣡
ûף̫׸øʲôԻøԻ̫Ϊơ
Цһø񡭡ȷǺܼ֣ǵ׸磬ŵʱֻܱסģʲô
ʵڰø̫֮䷢֣֪ģ̫԰øŵçŶ̩֮󣬾յλá
ΪʲôڲѰλøˣ̫˵ǰܵ񱻼öʹţʱøΪգǼöҲã콫ʿҲã˭Ӧ
ֻҲͰøˡ
ôøⲢǸ򵥵İ취
ܶҪˣǾͻǵû̫ɣҪɫø񣬶ڲ˺ǰ£⻹ǸֵĻ
ظֱ˵°Լϡ
ôʱֻһЦ϶˵
תͷһȥȥ¹һϲһѺóԺúȵģǰЩʳ
¹ȥ͵ģһȴŶȥأ¹һ
Ը¹˱ƣϵȵ滨ף˵͢ʵʹʹǵģζǲ
¹ͷɨһۣûˣôʼ
ǸúӲ٣ȴǸ֪ϰףعصĺúӣ
һ㣬Ǻġ
Цŵôȣר̸Ľ㣬θ֣һγԸ
²СڣĶҿɲҳԣ¹˿ڿˮȴǲϳԣͦǿġ
쵹Ҳûţ϶
˵ţٺЦ¹һҪǲ˵ΪʲôôãҾͲԡļƣЦŵҽܺã͢ҽ֮ƣܲƳ̱ǰҶû˵ҩ
¹һҵСոôԵĵǶҺˣԭҽĳƺţȴҽѧҽ˵ģɲ˵ģæҿɰﲻˡ
˶٣ῴ϶ѵĳʳ˿ڿˮŵЩԵģСջûȥɣ
֪¹ҽ£ЦŵˣҪ뺦ˣֱöҩ𣿡
˵ţһһʮѰø齲ĬĬ̾˿øʲôˣҲ˵ô¶ȴǵĸ磬ҺͶܲܲɣ
˵ţǰͰͿ¹ԣҲûҩ岻ˣȻҲϾ˼̫࣬ҲͲΪŰ

¹ҲЩݣֵûпСӡ
Ʊ˿ھƣ˼򶪳һ仰֮Ұɣ
ǴӦ˵˼
˵úܣǸ¹Ǽв˵ġ
֮󣬶õ¹ΪƵҩͺðˣøΪһ챴գԺȴǹһ㣬ûѶٹͨ˳һӣҪһͽɫζķĩڰøʳ֮С
¹ԣ£øӾҪ塱ʱֻҪҩķ͹ˡ
ĿԴ
ʹ⼸ˣˣ˰¹ּˣƸУ齾ݰ裬ԼΪģܵӰ죬Ҳ˼֡
ڻ̫ǲôãֻ޳ǸÿЦݱȱ˶ˣȻʲôǺõġ
ⲻ֪Ц˿ɾЦˣ⼸պ¶Ǽֱ£

 79 

ȻҪ󸣽
ʵ˵ҲȫҪֺ, Ͼ󸣽׹ùãҲФλ, Դ, ͱˡ
鳤һ˵졪, ǲΪԼһ, ҲΪԼĺһ, 󸣽Ѿ㲻, ˼춼˳, ˵ãǲһģǸˡ
ǴСڿƶ߲ԭ󣬿Ҳ˵жิӣҪǵʱ˶ĺ, ô죿ȵʱʲô, Ѿ̫ˣ
ǰǼ޹˵, Ҳйһӣֻδȵ, ĺӾͱ˺ˡ
˼ǰ΢΢, ̫ί뵱󸣽顣
, ֻԼӸλΪеˣûκ˸Һˡ
Ҳʮּ, ˴Ǳ뺷͵ģʢĺҲˣŬӭȢͺʱд󸣽ģçŶ̩ĸףֻǺΪŬ̫ڳҰͺѰ˸ڷçŶ̩ĸ״󸣽λá
ǰŻ̫Լĳ谮ʮþȣ¶ԺһúöԹùúġ
ɻ̫ȴûô򵥣һʱ䵹ǽѡ
ڴ󸣽̫û˰飬ڵģο󸣽ŮоֹΪ󹬱ʣһǺġ
ں顭ɱ˫۵Ļ̫ףô󸣽λá
ɺ鱾ӽݣ˵䣬̫ԴίȴǿŲϰݣιȥΡ
һʱ䣬˶֪¶
󸣽ĲУֻԼֻǣսʱԺðºʣô£ֻԼֶŮ࣬ǳ̵䣬񡭡ʧˡ
˵¶ֻúֱ·ԽԽԶֺͷ֪̫ǲΪ󸣽ġ
պصԸ϶ڻ̫һʧȥɷͺӵŮʲôڵɷ򲻰԰ѾԤϵ˺ڻǰ
˱ˣǰ䣬Ͼ²̫áûûεˣ˰ɣ
ɣʹɣ
ȥȰ󸣽ΣҪſģڴ󸣽¶֮Ҳ봩˲٣Ի̫ѾǳʧһҲ̸жˡ
е˼ڰøϣȻøûͲˣ´ûС
̫ҽȥΣ̫ȥֻǺܿϧûʲôá
ø񻹲ҹ죬˵һλҽҪҽȥơ
ֵܣǶܾˣе˵ȥ¹һˣȻ¹ҲûƳʲô֢״
һøȾϹֲϢ˲֪˲ҲûͷƲ
ƶ˭Ҳ֪ʲôʱῪʼ̣һģͷĽʿҲǾĶ
ƫƫøڻţӣһָˣǱ̧ŶҪȥһ̫˵ġ
ǾŰɣ
Ҳֻˣ
̫ھһͷһ˲Сܲģ
תۼ͵գӣʹʱ¹һ꣬Ѿµδ£ʳǿգľҲ˲١
̫ԽԽǡ
Ԥ뵽ˣԲ̫ԾÿǸøʲô͸ʲôȤҲʱӵһԬš
֪ԭָ͢ΪأѾں֣еǶģеǿģе·رġ˵˵ȥһ֡ң
ȥԤкʱԬţĻӦˣԬŻɵ̬ȣöϹèӡ
Ԭû뵽ǽж˵ˣĺȥضˡ
˵ǹڼңöµģ֪˻ʲôȻԬķ
Ԭŵĩβ˵⼸ʢһˣ͵͵һ档
ܿͽˣڼ仹̾˿Ԭ⵽ͼʲôȥǴǹڼңκҲ˲ҪԬڶǰ˹ȥҪȻԬûʢˡ
֪Ԭδ֪Ĺˡ
ŵĿɲֹԬһˣл̫һʱ̫Զָֻ̬˴ǰ
һպã̫Ǳ⣬죬Σ˵Щʲô𣿡


 80 

ԴӶԤ׼꺵, ĿеĵλǲֱǰǶΪϹè, һ, βɣ
ɷµͷ
̫ɫ΢, , ǵĸǸС֮, ̶֥С, ǲԳ, Ǹ˵Щʲô
ΣҺüǰʹ˵ˣֻǲ֪ò˵ȻҲҴˡ΢΢̾˿һΪѵģ, ˵һͳڱص, ص, ֮ܲ˵󸣽λöá
̫һ͡
ʵЩҲìܵú, Ǹܷ󸣽ȴǸƫ, 뿪¹ʱ, 黹ڴĨᣬͲ
̫ҽ˵ˣ岻, ȥֻĸӶƽ
󸣽ǸΪѡģϱһֱΪ⡣
ֻ̫ѣǸ˵Ҹô
ʼ磬ֵ̯û˵ڸǶС¶ɣ
˵ŬöΪ·ѣֻº޲ôӹײĳӣŬһȴδΪʲô¡
̫øˡ
˵˼仰ȥˡ
Լ⼸仰ܹᶨ̫ľġ
Ȼ˵ڶջ̫ںг˼ūͣ⼸˶Ĵɢҥԣ˵󸣽Ҫ˵ˣȥ鵽˹¹ͷϡ
ҲĹ⣬ֱ˵̫󸣽׶꣬Ҳеģ罫ҥɢȥ̫ϧ飬һȥҥǾͳ棿
ԥѾʼȥˡ
ȥǲ鵽˹¹ͷϣ̫ǺݺݷЩūһ٣ǵԺҪҥһط
ں飬̫ûһ䣬÷飿
ɺȴû̫ںݺݴͿ˹ȥǻ̫ͣŬҲǾʳ
ںֶΣֻ֮࣬⺣ܻڣҲүۣ
ʱһչȥ֮󣬶鷿Ա۹ϣ˵
ֳԲص£Ŵʤֱӽ˾ʹˣǽһŽСգ˵Ԭ
˵⻰ʱͲš
ҪǽçŶ̩֪Ԭʹˣֻ²װֱҪԬġ
һּԬģû뵽Ԭô죬Ԭ
ԬûһְٰģǴˣǽԬܺʲô
ܿͽ糾͵Ԭ˽ݵʢ·;ңԶã˿ݺᣬԬһ·ϹǶô첻˵õ
Ԭþδɺã
Ԭûд𻰣ֻżɽ˵Ҫ˵䡣
ԭǲĵģɶ΢΢ף޷ֻȥ
ԬżɽСյܹ֪Ժ¶
ڶδ֪ҲãŬҲãںǽ
ͷ
ǡԬǲʵ𣿡
ٴεͷᣬǵĻʵûͷˣʱĵܵɼλɼǸûʵۣҵҵΪǻ֮ĵһǲκͺͿϡֻϧʱ̫ɣ˭Ҳš
ԬĻŲɡ
ɨһۣ½бܶᷢıҲ˵׼
ȷľǲ£
Ԭأʲô³
е㲻˵ˣԬҲˣɼĲ֮£͢Ĺȫʬû£
ԬĬˡ
ǹٻݣЩһֱͶֵ˱ְϵֵҪصãκͺͿһգͲܻȥնԣϾҪݱȥҲ˵ͨˡ
Ҳûʷһ㽲ȻأƵһֶûᣬⲻûȤô
Ŷ콲˿ǬʢʱԷԬɫԵĺתǴĻ˵֮ϰǷ˺ӣ
ԬûлɶƭԼ֪Ϊʲô
һεͷΪԬ˵ԬҲ֪͢ѾǸ಻ûǣ˼Ҳб˷ġ
ǧ̻֮Ѩ̰͢ǧٿף֪Ǻڱʲôӡ
ҳϣûǺĻȴʤڹɭϣǴ󺹵ĶӷҲһҪεģ˵ѰĹԱвǾҪԴġ
˵ţǾһǻ̫ͺӣ˵ʲô̫ǰ谮飬û˹أǻʵۣһ˾͸˵˾ǧŰꡣ
󣬱ͳĬԬǸӳĬˣ䲻Ըϣȴò϶־˵Ķû
Ѿأû͢ˡ
һɣдƣƣдΣдŷߺ޵ı飬ȴʼһԲҪȴԬȥЪˡ
Ҳԣ˭ϢܲˣûһУ

 81 

µû, һ·Ԭһҹû˯ţŴ۾, дࡣ
ԬҾ㸻ԣ, ȫҹ, ҲһֱĶǱЧ, ȴ˼, ֵ
հ, Ҹԣ, Ƕʮͷһ¡
ѾгһܹˣϰһǹϺӵġ
һ磬쿴ȦһƬϵԬһ, ֪ĻΪԬϱ˴ˡ
ƽʳǱȽϼ򵥵, ǽй, 緹׼һӦȫĵ׵¹, 㽫¹Ҳ˹
λ˶һ, , һ죬ãγĶԱȡ
رǵԬ¹Ǻ, ʱͽ֮޲Ҫ嵽ȥˡ
¹֪ʲô˿ڹң֪Щʲôһӣ۾һһվ͹ȥˣôʲôؼˣ˼Ҳ߶ĺá
ǰҲΪ׺ʢһѹô¡
˵ţŬŬ죬Ѿ꣬ͷ˵Ķ죬С޾Ǻܺõˡ
Ҳ֪㲻Ը밡ǰ꣬⽭ɽҲ찡¹⽭ɽհ¾ޣٹ꣬һǸգ˵ˣǶֻʱƽôʲôǾֻҪϰܹϺӵĻʵۣǲĺûʵۣ
ҲЩһֱԸʢԭ򣬰հҵں£Ҳûֳʲô콫ʿҲû˵ӣ
Ȼ˼ҿɲԸǶʳסġ
Ԭ֪νӻԥƬ֮ŵˣ֪Ϊǳˣ
ҿЩ˶Ƕɵˣ¹޲ÿӺݺ£ɸֵʲôˣΪŰˣıƺˣ̰Ľˡ˵ЩһʳӵұǰͷɱУʲôǰаϰգǵܹ
Ϊ̫ܴ󣬽춼
¹Ը⵱Ŷ˵ЩֻԼúɣ
˵⻰ӳԵĶ˲ϣתߣճţǸ̷ū;˽Ӹ㣬ֱòˣЦӴ˵ˣô࣬СҲԲ꣬Ϊ˱˷ѣ˼һЩȥ
죺
Ҳ¹ɣ
Ԭǲ⣬Ԭ׺Ӵ˵ЩʲôҴûô󵽡뵽ʢʱû
ԬֻǿЦҡҡͷû˵վҲˡ
쿴ݵıӰúϧƣԬĥʲôˣѻԸ˵
ĬԣѻգʱԬҲʱȥʢķ飬ңһʱǸһȺˣһȴ˽ʢˡ
ʢĺȾǺòȥȴûмŮЩ״̬ͦġ
ҲʱˣԬһ󵨵ľһ֮ǰҶľ
ֹ죬Ԭȥݡ
ֽվǰסģѾ֪ԬϢçŶ̩
çŶ̩˲ԼڡУֱӳ嵽˶츮ϣ죬ǲǷˣôõĻᣬΪʲôɱ㣬ǡһС¶ã
۾˿çŶֻ̩òԾçŶ̩֪Ԭ⼸Ӧû˭֪䲻أҲǲ˵ע⵽ݵˡ
ǿ϶ǶǸɢȥģ˼ȥ˻̫ʵ벻˭ˣ
˼Ԭһûƶụ̂ɱʲôʱ˵սϲܶôսթǱ˵ı£˾ˣֱܹ˵ģ
˶٣ǵҪǽд֪װģҪˣ
çŶ̩⻰еȥˡ
⼸кü˶˶Ԭ£ȴʼû̫ܵ
ӣ̫һ̴죬ջ̫ӣǲƿ֮УĶѾȫ͸²š
Ȼû´֮ˡ
иʿǿ˸񸾣Ǹ˵ɷͻȻʿֱӰѷɱˣˣǵҲɱˡ
ʢ֮˾޴ÿ¶˵ʵ̫ˣֱ£

 82 

콫ʿ, ǷȴǶҪܵطġ
첻лڡ
ʵǰл鷢, Ŭץ, кת
ȥ顣
û, ͻ, һƬ֮ɫ, С, , Ӧպ̩е
֪׷ʲô飬ԭպ̩ڶʱƴȨʾ˳ڶ죬ϰһ˶ĸԸСοȨܶﰵˮûˡ
, պ̩̫֮һ, ʿ֮ǰ, 飬Ҳһ֮ǰ, պ̩ϼŮһӣ˵Ҳպ̩Ҿ̫ҡˡ
˵˵ȥ, ЩǶ֮Ʋ, ûƾʵ˵ǻ̫պ̩ݺ
벻ǣҲûʲô壬֮Ƕ, ͷǲ£޷Ƿӣµǻ̫˼
Ȼһ֮͵żλ콫ʿһֵǷзҲɱˣȴǾþòƽϢǺǽҲܷκ¡ǵСܵܣףҲȫȻĴҲ磬󺹵Ĵ
˵ţǻһתص㡪Сǹܲ죬ҿɴݹܣԺЩˣٽ컹
⻰Ҳһ
֪˵ãǸ˵ãǻ̫ǰǿ϶ӦģֵϵȨԽԽȥʹ졣
ȴһ㶼⣬̫յԼϣ˾֮˾֪ƣǸһǰԼ
ʱ򣬻̫ƫƫҪװһøģ죬Σ
Ļû£Ͳæקס֣ЦЦ󺹼Ȼ˵ˣҾòʲôã
ҲýԼĲ
ʵǲ֪˹ؼʱ̣Ǻͻ̫ĵĹؼʱ̣̫ǿΪ֮Ҫ췴Ҳ̫۸ˡ
ǰ಻סѿ֣˵˭֪ȴһŮʧ󺹣ˣˣСˣ
⹬ŮǺߵĹŮеĸȻָǺˡ
Ȼ⹬ŮûȴҪ˶üͷ鷿صأбնͷ£ȴǽԼҺ԰Ƶ⡣
û뵽ǻ̫ߣߵĴæ仰ûУ
Ƣļöʶ̲סɫǻ裡
ƻǰ䣬ɼŶѾקŶˡ
ûòĺӣ´䲻֪飬ɲ޹
һ·ϣԶ˺ܶ࣬磬õʱѾˣ㻹ǵ˵ʲô϶˰ɽˣҲٲǰ˲ɽģ̫ˡ
һֱãһ̥ҪûסֻҲҪһȥˣ㻹ûл𣿡
ʱ밢һðǸأ
񻹻ţȴǱ˻ܡ
ֻ̾˿û˵
ǱߵȴǺֹۣһ򲻺ãѾ죬̫ҽȥˣֱ˵޲ߣĻ̫ҪǼȥͷ
Ǵ󸣽ţֻ⼸̫ҽҪ
Ǵ󸣽⡪츮ϲסһλӴԭ͢ʱǺպҽ󺹲
֪鷿Щ¡
̫ԥˣҪûн£һԣǶʹ¹Ĵ汨ͺ񲻾ͱסأ
󸣽Ȱţ˵ԼǴӣȥ츮һˡ
󸣽ĺ⣬̫ɣ¹ҽ̫Ҳɣȴðա
󸣽Ȱ˵ֻ̫ҽˡ
ӵŶʱһ㲻⣬ȷǻ̫ɣʱˣû¶ʱǴġ
ӴʱסҸϣҵļͣĿˣûãȥӴԸԸȥһˡ
ﻹģ¹󸣽Ž¹ȥġ
ֻȥ¹¹ȥˣû֮ͻˣҡҡͷֻɶѾˣ
ʵ¹ȥһ˻ͦ˵ģ̫Ƶģ˵ҽ߸ĸģǺ黹оȣȣ˵Եɺ󣬻̫ȴǰһ֪ˡı顣
ǡʲô                        
лҪ˵ʵ̫̫̫æˣ̫̫̫ˡᾡµģѾβˣһ޲뵱⹷ʵۡӴ

 83 

¹ﲻǸζ, һΪ̫̬ȣҽû˵ôá
¹ҡҡͷ, ֻû೤ʱĻͷˣ
ûʵôһ, ɼȻ¹˵, ǺѾ׿ˡ
ڶ콫콻ȥĵ, ûˡ
ʵҲ֮е, ǹѸ֮, һ·۳ͶӾͲ, ģ¹Ļ˵ܰʱҲʮֲף¹˵ˡеʱһǶãһʼֻ̫ܹͲһء
ͺ֮ûʲô飬ɾһ, һ
Ҳڶ֮еǻ̫佫콻˴, ȴʱĲ, ´ǧ򽻸ֱ̫ƹܣ̫ʹ, ˼ȥ죿
СôʱΪ˴˶ǿ, Ҳӵһӵ, ˵̫պ̩¶Ĳص콫ʿ߳ȥ϶޹⣿
԰, кЩʿҵ˶죬˵Ըӵ
οֻƺ쵽ʵʱˡ
ЩҲæúܣȥƸϾȥ˺üΣҲ֪˵Щʲôʤȯյģ
Ϊʵ̫æζûȵ
Ҷն³׵ӣˣҲûԭźͺǰȥ̫ģû뵽µЩ¶̫ȥˣ̫λ
˹󣬺ò׵ȵ˶򣬿ɶȴ֮Ǵ󺹴ǰģڶû£ǲԵе̫żˣ
⻰Ц˵ģȴ˵˫ͨ졣
Ȣ˭Ȣν顭ջ̫˼ǲ
̫ܿҲ޷ٿˡ
̫Ƿ˴£ʵ֪µʱǿܶģҲ˺֪ܶ顣
ٴϳʱ̫˫հݣʮյĹ򣬿ʮƵģ˵ģ֪ЩӴҶˣȿȡ屧ԺʲôСֱȥҴưɣЩ¡
ܶ˽͵͵˸˵ĽɽϴģǿжҪ˵Ҷ֪ǵĴΪ˸Ůȴӣܰģ
̫ȴûЩ˵ƵģûǾɢ˰ɣ
˵ϼ仰ģʵˡ
˳ԶԶ󣬶̫ӣֻҲʱ޶࣬죬һɣ
ԤУֶҪƹԤУᶨͷ
ܿ͵ϣһ˹ûȥ鷿ȥ˺סĹ
Щӻ̫ס纣һ㡣
Ժӵĳһ統ǼҲֶڹϣöִһ̺Ҫ߳ˡ
̫ڿϣһ˾žƱãֵ˴һ㶣ôģ
ֲԤС
Щ˶̬ȣܸоˣǰЩ˼˭ǱϹϾģоֹ֮ȴżԥЩ̴ӡںˣҲˣںЩʲô
㼤ʲô
̫ƣɾĻеģͶֵܽͷѱˣҹϻŵңܲ𣿡
Ѿɱɱĸ֮𲻹졣
ȴ󺹲ؾţǽչֻȷһµġ
¾ǹǵĶﰢͺ֮Ѿ֤֤ڣϺܶණܹƾЩ͸˶ġ
ǹڰͺ֮𣿡̫Цһֱӵ㿪⣬ҹãڣǲΪ£ʵ벻Ϊʲôˡ
ɨһ۶ҵĵŵһ̣ϾҪһ㣬ȻǶˣҲçŶ̩ҲãǴҲգӦö˵˰ɣ
Щˣֵͷȥ˭
ĻǲҵĶ
̫Щȣθͣԣģұ˰ͺΪ
֪ΪͲӦûϣ

 84 

̫ڶɨ, ЦһֵǵĶﰡĺҪȻóҹ
΢΢̾˿, ǵøŬʱ޹̫, ˵԰ͺТ˳
ֻ̫ʱ, ǵĺö, һֱŸΪһδ, һ, û뵽ȴǴӦ, Լ嶼͸ǰ
ж죬żͱΪǸŸĴս˺ۣ֪ٴβˣŻı֮λ, , һ, ΪиöеĶˣ
, ʣµļնͺçŶ̩Ǹ, ǰͺ, Ķôһأ
˵ţŵ, ͺƢԣֻ²ʹʲôֶΣὫϴ󺹵λáңѵϣ
ʵҲãǡ길ȥʱߣ԰ͺҪЮˣֻһ档
㣬һɵҪ쿴ǰȻĻ̫һһٵҪնݳ㵱Ӧɱֵˣ㲻ðգҲҪеԼһеĺ
ͺ̫˵ŬԸԹѳһ˵ɴӹȴûĸ׻ẦԼӵġ
ʵҲԴ˶ֵֻűԼǸسŵ˾ӡû뵽ȴ㲻㣬׻ǲĺݡ
̫һŶƽʲôֵɱңͺҲѾˣ
Ͷ࣬Ż̫һԼƽ翴һľƵġ
ǵ¹Լ˵һҹûпܵ¶̫ӣֻѾӡ
̫Ѿһƣ岻Ҳ̫ҽ̫ҽ˳ȥֱ˵ʱʱһһʲô
һ̫ҽ˾˵Ҳߴˡ
Ĭˣ֪Щʲôֻһ̻̫ȴͻȻγ嵶ֱֱŶȥ
ûзֱӱһѪ
״һ磡
̫Ҳ佫ŬĴսҲǴ̵һѺ֣䲻УԼҲ˼ˣ˰
ӦҲû˽
򽫲һʹ˻ϵ˿ں۵ɫˣ̫ڻ𣿡
û̫һ񣬶ǰֱӷֱ֣Ӳĸ
һǳɣֱѪϣܵһ֮ŷӦŻ̫ŶӻԼǰ
ɼʱȴǰ㲻ᶼûУż㽣૵ˣ
ϹսģҲǼԼǰģȴǵһμϤ֮˻Լǰ
쿴ֻԼĸеİһʼ֪ĴɱģֻΪ̫԰һһӹڵ
ֵģȻ֪ԼܵЩʲô죬̫ǰ첻˴µģֻҪ̫һգҾһԲ˳
Ҫȥ̫ҽȴ̫ҽһɣ
ʵ˵ζ˵ϸˣȴҲ˵ϲˣ죬֪̫𣿡
쵱Ȼ֪ˣڲĺݣһɱֵˣ˽ۣȴΣǣ֪ʵ֮һҪģ
㲻ˣ̫˶ǧذٻءﶼ
û뵽ɱ̫Ⲣʾ̫
ֵ˻ŽˣǶƵ˴ɱ̫ڶϵˣҲ򱣻̫⵽˿ˡ
⻰˵ȥȻ˲š
벻ţʲôҪģöĻ˵˻˽ۣȴΣ󺹵λáֻڶˣ
Ϊ̫ﱸɥ£϶û̫ıݣ󸣽ҲˣӺһҲ͸ˣɸһܹȥȪ֮Һ飬ҲȫԸ
⻰ȴ֪ôο󸣽ӿ޹һҲû̫ܣϾǶЩûԼİˣ
˺ӣ˳̳˺λһжɽţЩԵҲѹȥ
ΨһжЩʹܵĻҲҪˡ
ܵǿúܿûµģȥˣҲã˵͸ģɷô꣬ôһ㶼ģ
˵ţǵƺƵģܹȢ󸣽ˣ
Цһǳ˵ΣǸˣͳԹºˣŶæͷϵȻµģ
˵ˣ鲻ԸףҲûʹʲôֶΣǽװɺĹ飬ͳҪؿƶ߲ԭ˭ס
ֻȥ
*****
֮
ܱŶŴ󸣽˵ʱĴ󸣽ѻˣ
ǰ޸ģ꣬û´Ȥֱ˵Ƶ˾ףޱȵġ
ÿÿ⻰ֻЦ
Ͷ֮ȴҲûὫΪ󸣽û뵽ȴ˵Ǵ󸣽ԺǽΪʺҲϵģ
˵˵ЦЦʱһ˽
ʱ䣬Ѿȥ˵ɬ˼ֳȵӰӣǰЦŵ˵ʲôˣôˣ
Ļû£ܻ޾ƴ꣬걧
ǶܵĶӣ룬ûͷԸɰһеܰѶĶܽлˡ
Цű
СԴڶ컳ﹰȥһһšꡱ
ܼˣ̲סЦ⸸ǷֱƵģϸշֿģ
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СֹҲûˣ
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