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ܷϲֱ̫̫˽ȥͷ˵Ҫһҷ硣
ܷ˺ʹһ˵Ͱգײ̫̫ѹ»ʱסˡ
ҪޣҼ޸ʲô˼ңѫļҸҪǸҲҽͳȥʱԹ˵̳ûؽ̲Ůǽ𣡡
ǰ˵̫̫ĪӣҲǵ˼ңѰͨ˼ҲǿɵģֻҪƷҲ޵áȥ˼Ҽʲô˵ƵģܸŮźأöס˵졣
Ǵ⼸仰̫̫⣬̫̫ͥؿñأǻǴʹһóǱȥѰ緢޳ȥ
ҲǸܷ˳һ׮⣬Ҫѡ˼ʵѣ̫̫ĺݲ˼Ǿһܡ
˵Щֻһɣǡκͤȥһ£ôЩ㽫еǮ˸߰˰ˣκͤǰô㣬ȥһ
ǰ˸һһӶ棬κͤȥŶȥ죬ŰѶȥ̣˵˳ʶ
ЩæýŲմأ̫̫鲻Ժ˶ģ̻Ҫܷ˸Ѱ˼ҡ
ǡѾػκͤһ졣
һʱûһ˵ĸκӣ
ԱߵѾæǰһѣ˵ˣǰ̫үĶŵλʮء
𣬡ԭ
Ѿ߽ӻأκ˵ĸ״Щˮ̳ʡ
ȴһԳ˼ã룬κδԴڲ̫̫˵ͨŻô
ת䣬תͷѾ߷Ըȥκһ
ǣ̡ѾӦתȥˡ

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ʱſЩҸȥӦʵϸϸĥһ飬˵κͤǸΪʵ˵ǴǰһκҵͬǺ̫ү壬Ӳò˵һõͷ汲սϽµĽ飬κжǸϸ飬Ů֮˵ùȥʮֺ
ԭȲǵ鷳ʱ򵹳˾ȼ˼ң¶Ūúû洦ʱ˵֪ͼʵʵǺ
̼ԴһתԼԲһ˼ټκͤﰵ̽ʻ˲ߡ
ˣͷٴǲܹˣŲÿЦ˵︮ö²ׯЩӣѾƥֽȥʰõһǻ
κͤҲƳλƺϴκƶˣ䲻ԭҲʮָ˵˼ҵĺ⡣
κ̼ͤȥܷ˵ԺŰ֮ǰĻһˣ˵ԼĿ
ܷҲðŻع񣬡Ǵδ̫ү˵һ׮£ȴǼ٣
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ܷˣ˵ǱˣǺ̴ľɵģ丮õһϡľľ㣬Ҿ겻ԽԽӣͰ̴ľСүУҲС
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ܷ˳Ƭ̺󿪿ڣԺɼȥϸκңʵûкѡ̫̫ǼûĶȡ
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κͤʱ벻һ׮Ļ͵ͷϣ˺Щ񣬺ǿһӡ
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ҲκҺһһ£κͤһ䲻һ
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ԺѾĸ֪䳣ˣҪͬȣȴҲǴС͸ڴߣжǱŴѧġԵǰһûѵҲʵš
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ϸϸ˵Ȼ䴫ϸϸĿ֮ɫһ䣬»ͷȥѾ߶ȥԺӡ
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һƫͷס
áüһɿ̾һˣЩĪҪ˵
һӿ޵øˣϣݺݶԳ浵վ˵۰ˣңΣ
ҡҡͷȴȶȰãҼȷ㣬ȴҲվԱ˵ʡİο㣬Ҳֻá˵˴һ٣̧۶ų⣬żҲֻȺúûţһһֻԼԺڡ¸ίһ㡣
浴ױ̨СһСᣬ˵һ䣺˳ŮЩѲˣǶֻĪʧȰա˵ʹѾ뿪˺Ժ
Ļ³ûתء
κͤǱ㲻ģ׶Էֻлϲķݡ
ܷ鲻ãһʼҲͼκͤ¶˴̡
̿ʼų˵ҵ˵սϾ̫үһˣ̫̫ıκһףκδȢޣϣöϡ
κֻͤñڱУеϲֱ޷ݣܿȥϢ»øĸ죬֪Ӳù֮ǰ̵Ļ˼
µκһ֪Ϣʱˡ
ζ᲻زૣʲôͥҵү
лҪ˵лл֧~

006

Ů¾һ׮£ССҰˣ׵֮֮ܵԽǸŴ󻧼ʫ֮ңԽйأ³̣ȫһ깦㳤ض֡
׮ͬһŵԣףææģﻹȥϸŪ
̫̫һʱǶ࿴һ۶࿴һ¾;ӦŮĴȰûˣʣµľǲ
ܷ֪̫̫Ƣԣδ˵˰κҷ򸾴½˸һξʹö
Ӧ˵κҷܷǰֻеͷķݣΪһĻ˵սսģܷ˵ʲôګګͷ˵á
һһ¹
˼ңзҵˡ
Ǵ󷿵ĹܷԵø׼ױ
߾⣬κǱߵģ˵κƶª㲻ţ֮ǰһСӻùȥɺλ˰Ѽҵȫ˽룬Ѿö죬ڹϸκͤȢױͼѣͻȻ֪ȢǺŹŮֱҪ
κҴղһƸ񣬼ȥ򸾶˳úʲôƵģҲҹҲûͷǼҾٶļҵںǰҲ
κҴϱϱᣬһԾκͤĺһҲʣС㻹ûžĹţԺ󻹲õǱȵվλöûˣ
йϱôģ˼պȻת˼˵ŮҪģ϶֪϶ýɽɽȥƸܹ鰴ͨ˼һˡ
ͨϻ˽˶ʮӡ
κסĶҲֻбֺͬĶլˣǶסˣլʲôûȴҪĶ᣿
־ᣬͬɷκ˵еúĹŮסԸԸκ˼ȢȢڳˡ
ϸ˵˾䣺լӲۼұ˾Ͷ࣬ڶôЩסÿľʲô»Ҫðµġ
κһߣ̣ȽȢ˵
ֻеͷ
κ͹ȥƸ׵òٺףΨһõóֵľֻкǿľ׺ΪƸ֮һһһһ͹ȥˡ
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κɩκɩԽԽۺ첻ޣôԼҲܴָ
ǵŹĸسȥأ֪ȰȰĸһڲˣ
κɩ鲻ס£Ѱ˸Сһ䣬˭֪̾ըˣû㻹Ķȥ㵱ʲô˼ңСܺЩһȥ˼סĶ˯ڳ𣡡
κɩʱˣѿڶ˼˵լӾ͸סˣ˵ƾʲôϴ϶Ƕ𣬵ǿϵ˵Ҳ˵
˵ܽܣκɩͰ¸κɩתͷָԼ๫˼ǲͬ⡣
κκТ˳ʵֲסӳ֣ڷС¡
бͲʹ죬û˷Сһ˵סӾҪסȥˣȥ˺ӣСסȥ׸ʲô
ҧź۲ѡǰ취ӻӡ
κɷ˻˵ֻǷȨ֮ƣС޹иʵʵڵĵطǮˣðһլԺǣʱһһȥ
͵κɩˣΪκɻǺȱǵǮլӻ¼ҲκɩĽһɫЪ¡
ˣһ׮ʱ
ܿ죬͵˶³ա
գ磬ģõӣ˳У˼Ȣ

007

κͤȢǰһջ˳ȥ˾ƣһֱŻ
ֺͬ⴦լѾװһ飬ȥģͷӾ߶µĴΰʣﵽⶼ͸ϲ⡣
µ¹һյյС϶˴ϲ֣һƬϲ졣ϴϱԺԺĨϴضˢһ飬Ժʯ̨м˸ʯףͷβĽ𣬰βȥ
Ѿ˵ȥĻլҲס˻ҪྩģκҲҲߣκһҹʮ͹ˣ׵ϯô̼ЩЩҪ׼¶࣬׮׮Ҫ
һСӾѬɫ糺ػûһѾס˵Ķ䣬ϣնҪɻػ㲻ŵ
κͤ˾ƣ˵ûѵģæӴӴлԼæתƻ⻹أҵȥӴ裬ʱأ˵͸Ͻڻطһ·ҲƵĳˡ
˦ָں溰ϸŵ㣡ϴɾЩ
ϴϳϴκͤϽȥϢԼϱкЩһæݣæ£յ˶ǰ׼
κͤźǷ˯ȥˡ
һ˯˯ĵ²֪ƺ˸Σֺʵʵ¡һƬãİкȻ߳òƵˣɷһӽκͤץκͤŵôУ˭Ϊץң
²飬׺ݣһ˻κͤһţˣһιҾ󵨣ռκͤʮ꣬˼ҵĻ꼷ȥزڸ׽ȥˣ
κͣ˫ĿԲֲѣ۴Уɷ˲Ϊܿ죬κͤ͸оԼܵһǿʢûһоԼһ̱װһ档
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κͤԴȻ洫һ顱һŮ˵ûЩ𴲣ʱˣеæأ
κͤϤٲȻĸף˶ԷĻ˲ĳһԭȢ޵ӣ
ⶼʲôʲôκ̫ͤѨЦʮ벻ͨ
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κѾˣԾƵıͣϯҪȵſĶѣæ
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ǳ׷ˣκҴ˺Ǿݡ
һʣȻҲֻܱ˵Ựˣ˭ϻ˵أ
κλ̫̫Ҳп֮ңʱֳѵʱû侮ʯκɰҲˣЩõĵĶ⡣
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Ҳܺڵλ̫̫ҳϲƶ̧ͷͦصģҷˣڷ˵ܸˣ˭ͽš
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ҪϯκͤѾӵȥӭˣһ簲ŵӭ׶飬Ŵò֡
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һʱκѧ˸ӣǿҸȢյĽˣȻ˭֪ŵκоѾһ
κͤһҵû׶һҽԺʵϰʵϰҽʮ꣬ʱ鱾򽻵ҵҽԺͬԼҽøҩƷ򽻵
ľڴѧһͼѵһˮƽκ£϶㲻˻ɡ
ŮѶû̹ҽκͤһԽֱӿԽв࣬һλȢˡ
ִ˽κ֪ͤŴȢ׹֮۽硣
ȥһһ֪ǹ˼ңȢ˼ҽŮһڲ֪ٵףлκҡ
Ůˮһ̧һ̧ļױκϲƵ˶Ŀֱ࣬Թԣ
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ֱڱͲɢ¼Ůκʰγʳ
κͤ
κͤšü߽·


008

źѾǶ޹ģĿƵڣκͤƿĸ˾ͱ˴˶һɫκͤ󣬼һ˸񣬿ү
κͤһʱϰ߱˽ү̫Ѩֱ˼侲ƽ˵񡣡ʵ˵ԼһЩ˸һʱĲ۲ͬǿԾͲѿࡣ
˵ǰϰǽ¼ӻϲŻһԳ»򸾺ȽƣͬķᣬҪҪɵӵѵͷ˶ܿ¼ģ
˱ȴͬ˰꣬Խܹѭƣ͹ˣŮӵӿ̣Գ׵ǲܱ˿Ʒġ
ǽ񣬹ʶκûκƼģκ߽ͤʱﴩŴϲŸͷڴϡ
ֶκͤ󿪿ڵүȥͷ
κ֪ͤҪ˵ʲôãͷѾһ죬Լȥҿ
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һһκͤЩ̧̧ͷûǹһ
κͤ˼룬һתʹ˵ʲôȻȻƽƿߡ
κͤɫжʵǳò̫Ż㶶סԱͻõҲͣէƯɰ顣
Զ˶κͤ޺øУгĮͽڲסĸ߸Ϻͷ̡
κͤŰ񲻻һÿİ˾ȥɫҲġΪһͻĹȷԼ˼һնˣ˼ĥûа취ô뿪صԼ硣
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Ƕκͤǧ䲻ѳɴҲԺӿô
κͤ⣬ڳ˵仰֮һ֡á֣࿴һ۶תͳӡ
ôκͤǴ֪ˣ֪һŴ»ͷҹǲܳݣȻվ͸Ůˡ
⳯ϵ󿪼䣬κֱͤȥһӡ
κͤˣﲻˣƤʲôһĵôôأ֮ҹѹүȥˣͷͷ˵ˣʵûĸŮӻµġ
⽫ͷڵϣЦʲô¼Ҳҵĵط
ԣֻæȥס죬⻰ǻ˵õġ
ɫģ䵭ֲˣżѣҵҲֻš
ܿĸѾҲˣһͷλ·һˮźϴ
СѾǣүأ
һصһȥˡ
ֲŵ˵ͷûͺãǼźԼŵöЩ˿˼ױŪˣҪġ
ݣмһůմ˵Է׵һ𶼸˳⣬޼Ĵ󴲹ױ̨һȵģͷðŶǼѾ߹Ūģ΢ܿˡ
䷿δóֻмһС
լӱҪκͤǣԭԤģϾûö
һѾ߽ӳɻ˵ݿɲ֪ûޱ
һЩ˻ͷô˻ܱŲɣī̫ĵĶˡ
лīѾΣûûصģýȥָǰѧѧ
Ѿ߻ֽԺһ⡣
˵ĸѾȡҲЩһʼʱʵ֡
Ǻܾǰһ׮ˣĹʮҪԺӰȥסﵱõԺ˼ΪǷǽõǺ԰žûԢ⣬ʱʱ˵ԼĶýǣʱ̵ģʱͶԵԭûʲô֣֮˿ôȥֻд׼˵ΪĹͰ߼Ѿֶĳ˻ݲݣﵱʱȻȴҲ䣬̧°͸Ѿ߸ƫҪĳѧʵģֻǻͲʶҲ࣬ھȡĸһʣһֽһīһ⣬Ǳīֽ⡣
ף˵ֽͷҳޱͻīһ˹ȥ
ͷѾźϴ滻ϸɾ¡
ںڳĿ䵭Ưȴûʲôɫϸ˵һ䣬һնûʲôȷҲδȥԵģٳһЩӡ
üãҳԲ¡
ûֻܵǹЪϢɣҸҹ˵ų£һһ´ѹãϨ˶͵ƣֻһ˵ס˳ȥ
̿յģһȥȫůΧ𴦿ûôõĴκͤǿյ͵ȥǼӸ쬣ҪҪȥҪⶳʱ򣬺ôѾ߸ӹ
Ѿ϶κͤأ˸ͳȥˡ
κͤû̫⣬Ӧ˵һе˶û϶ûϡ
Īһ죬κͤھϽ˯£֤һԼǷ˯һ˯ȥҪϰ໹Ҫдʵϰأ
ʵǣȥǲܻȥκͤĻѾȶϡ
Ҳ֪ˣκͤ󣬷Լ˵㶫
һҩشԼ
κͤ˱ٱ˱
ǶһֱڣǴǻþ
κͤƽϢʮӺ󣬸Լûʲô˵ģôС֣ϾԽ¶Լˡ
˻һʱ䰵ʾ˵Լκͤʼоһҹֵ֮ҩ
ܿ죬һϢעҩԱߣκͤȻȻ
ϵһдţҩ̶ڣˢҩƷҩƷһ£´θҩƷʱԵ
дҩƷһ򣬹һҩƷԵĲϱԭϽжһ˷ֻҪһӹѼɣڶֶһʽǰҩƷıʹõǰͨȫ֧
дţÿһҩƷʮκҩƷ
дҩøݹʺʹʽÿִ֣ҽƲϣ߱¹رһ״ڡ
κͤעû˵Ѿе˵ԼⷬǺ˻ùˡ
û룬ȻһκͤѭȥֻϷһ֡
ʾǰҩƷˢ£Ϣ鿴ӭʱ
һθ̩
ڶθʳƬ
κͤĬȻ룬ġ
лҪ˵лл֧֡

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һ۸չʾƷǺװע۸θ̩ӣθʳƬһӡ
κͤõۻ£ڽ̽һҲǮҩļ۸ίʵˡ
κͤһ֤һǲõҩκοڴտɬŻȻκǸûҵͦ˻ÿֺڼҿϡ
κͤκ죬Ҫǻزȥȥǵ֮ҪҸ
κͤʲôҽƴҵģСʱ־ҪҽԸһ·ѧȥҵҽԺʵϰŹ겻⵽һˡ
Ķҽѧأִҽѧͬҽȫһϵĺ蹵ȥˡ
֮κͤѧִҽѧҽҽһϲͨܿյĹŴеȫҽ֮κͤ˼⣬ܲܺúõһҽ
ѡ
Ҳ˾ǴκͤϳԴҩ˵Ȱ⵱һҪûҩó֣κͤһƽȵ
һ˵İȫдԴϤĻʶǿԼӵеĲƸ
ʧȥЩжбض壬޹ŮΨܶѣ˭˵һ˾Ͳк´˵ٻ˵ҵԷԹǡ
κͤһҹ֮İطǣʧȥû˻ͬͷͷͬСһӦ˲ȥеδ֪һС
κͤһͷǻصԭ磬Ҳܡ
֮ԼһزȥĴҩֺκͤо
ҲҪȥҲ˵ҩõĳκͤƽ͵һҪء
κְͤҵҽڵĵһѡ׼һУֻǿ϶û֮ǰǰףƻҽѧϰ
Ŀǰֻһƻ
κͤѵ磬˰ʱҲ
ϸϸĽŲҲ֪Ǳһ˿϶Ѿˡ
ЩشѣκͤԼһͷе޲ߣѵݸǲģκͤԼʶһŴװ򵥵Ļϰ£ԺǾôˡ
ʲôûУκͤȥͷˮϴůǡռļˣλСѾߡ
Ѿ񣬿ڵүκͤһͷ²ͣţȥϴȥˡ
ԶīŶС˵ǲźκүˣԼȥˣʵڲϹأֻǹ̬ȣһ˶κͤǲ䲻ȡ
עκͤˣֻ˲еĴֱɲȻȷʵҲ֣ƺЩǵĮû̫ġ
Ѿ˵ԼҹͼκҾǸǺȻκŻƲЩһȵ̬κ̬ͤԶӣѾǿ£κͤҲӣһʱ䵹ŪòϲΡ
ͷ޼Ѿź𴲣ϴһµѣֽһȥ˳Ǵһ˽ŹԼڣҪȥأǱ߿ûԵģκݲ٣̫̫ûȥնҪһġ
ʵгίһ㣬ڴ˿̾ʪ㡣
ҲʵСլʲô¾˵ͼģżܷ˲Żǳȥ˼żʫҲ൱Ĵǧ㡣
κĺһ棬ҪκҷΪĸκͤΪеһгⶼ޷ܣԹޡ
Ȼμ尾ܣȴı䲻ǰʵʵóޱȵʶԼѲǸĺС㡣
ͣīų˳ȥͬͬκһ˾衣
÷ɢκλ̫̫뿪
ϸ˼򷢻ҲæϯʣµĶϱŷָھӴȥκɩκɩЩĸҴ˲ٻȥ
վҪĻˣƷһ籸˵ģͷһϾڶ糿Ҽ˰Ʒȥκͤų
ƽʱеȥԶ˵һ£ֻһƥͷ಼İ峵
۲ѣСխ
ȥģ᲻Ȼֻ⵵εĳԼκ⣬һʼţӳһ˻Ǯ٣һ뵽񳿾ʱ˪׳ˣѰ˼Ž˼һǲ˸Ǹ̫̫˵䣬ҪǨŭԼҵģǰ
ԼԼʮִˣ̨׿ĵһ۾;ܵĪ裬ۿµ飬վվȣʷų͵ͽУﵱġ
һκͤųǷӦ;ãĿ߷ǴͷۣȻϢԷֽȥһ
һ仰Σ˵ʲô顣
ֽǣȥ
κͤ̾ϢֹȴǰƤǺһָָų⡰㡱ȴ˵һϵ߶ȻȥЪŰɣ˷ҴСҼʣĪҪƽϣԺһϸϸ̵
ҪϱѾͷ˻ȥųȷܸңκͤ⻰Ǹһ£߷ȻƽתָһߵϱȵʲôΪԼҲǸǧСɣﲻзģҹ¡
ɩɩθŽȥˡ
һԱڳһ˶ֻһǧһۻ಻
һ粨ʱʱѾЩˡ
󵽵ûҪʱ䲼ͣҪʱֽƥ
½ƷѾ߷ųȥ
κͤԽ죬޹죬˵Ļһƿ
κͤòᣬκͤʮ֪ᣬҲСһ·ɴԼǰӭ׵ƥŪ˳ߡ
ⲻκҺκͤǶ޸УȻĹغڵģᵡ˿ˡ
Ϻүæ̫̫˵һ䲻Сֻţڸ̩ܷ˹ţκͤȼܷг̩д˵ȥԺ
ܷ˹ܽ˼ϣԺﶼǹؾأ˵ĽСŹͬһЦ˵ȻһЩӼĵطڶ۵ˡ
иިԺͷסǱүùͨѾͷ֮ң˼Ҷġ
ިԺסŮģŮҲһͬס
ݵĺӲС㣬ϲףѾһ󣬳ҲͳȥΪ檣ҪôǸ檡
ɷµΪգµΪ֡
ͥ߹ݹصŻΪӵŮɫ಻ҡүҾһŵĸһ
ިԺסͨѾ޲궼ʮ¡˴˾˼˻ἳӪӪ
ǰ˽ž檶Ҳģòٲῴһۡ
˭벻һЦľިԺеһԽԽԼԹޣƾʲôǴүĹ⣬СȴѾͷ
ǻظȥ˻κôһϲ̨


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ިԺͼʹĥĿͨʮִ³ʵѾеЦϡ
㲻ʮصˣԹ߶ȫдϽһ֪Щӻ˼ʮʲôûʶһ˵͵ЦˣҲǴ̫̫ģճĹͷ˶ҪиǧС㡣΢޵òЩ̫̫Ҳʮ̧ױǴүԱȥģúܣСѾͷЩϸٽд̫̫һ䣬СҪûˣ
Լ˺һЦнſЦģͰȥͷ͵УҲ޼˲ɣ⻰Ǵײȫ˼ҵˣԽǳĺЦ֮
ɫէէ׺òѿƨ˼Ҳܻͣǰ׷һ࣡˵תˡ
µʹԺܷЦûиŮŪ檵ϰߣĶ˹أվ˰ͳȥˡ
ûһ˵ʲô⣬үܣûŹЩá
˵κͤͳŵһ緹ǰ͸뿪κҡ
ͬסĶͬκһͨŻǶԼ޵κұλСʱŪĶС˿ͷ
ͷüȥʱһȥôЩⲻٴĽκͤĺˣȢްȢһ׽ޡ
Ķ̫ԵĴõĶУϺϱֱֱֿۣ
κɲЩֻǶʰոûȥˡ
κɺܵȥ翪ݣ˰뱲ӵҽһղ˿Ͳ̹Ųܶ˴ҵĵ
ǺǵķԸϼʹԸҲò治£ӲùϱױɶĹģµúܣһ˶
ȻҲ֪³ŵ˺ģ²ȥ£ָպСӺһȥլȥˡ
ֻӦˣõطԸκɩκɩȥʰҲܵýٺöһ㶼մˣ;ͷŻѪ
ڳֻǶЩģڶһ磬κһͷţַԸСѾͷණջŴӺģ˺Щֻ˵ǳԸģϱТŵģϵɫÿ˲١
һ֮լһӿˣలࡣ
Ժȫǳĵطˣκͤ˵ͷסӵĹԾԼһסͷ׵߳üԵģʵûҪκͤôŭ˸θԾЩȥԺ
ԺҲһԺӣúܣ㹻κͤһס
κͤȥˣֺԺ޼ϵķҲ忪䣬ȥ㣬κͤұߵϢģһ޼䣬һɴƻ˿ѧϰõĵط
ֻﻹֻһŴʲôޣҪļҾ߶ȥ
Ȼκͤһͭ嶼ûУϾԼȢһԺǳĺǮʹߵʱҲûκͤǮ
κͤ̾һǮԺеģȥԺ֮ǰԼϢӣߣȿ˳Ƭ̣ʣү
κͤŲԶ٣漴ڣռǼӵﶫûţԺסȥʡ
⻰˵ҲĶȷǶ࣬˰ڳõģЩȫ߶᷿ݷŵκһǼȫЪԺġ
κͤҲֻǸ֪һ˵ʲô;̧ˡ
ԭض˶ţšüᰥһתͷȥݡ
κͤɾһȥԺϷԼԺҪļȫɨһ飬֮ǰľɼҾѾκҵһΰʱȥ£ΨһһŴκ׼ǶӴģҲµġ
ҪǮð춫Ҫ칤
κͤļ䣬Ȼ֪κǴκҽģվȥκ˵ԼԺҲҪߴ˵κϽҽѧϰ
κһʼŻѵκͤһ٣ԴǿУ̬Ҳǰɵһ֣лĪĳɼ˶ˣҳԼǰļһʼһκͤ
κͤտˣʲôӶҲһοļƻ鱾˵Ҳûôʱ䣬κͤԼһѧʶûʵӳڲԴ˵һϲͨԾ֢ڿƣЩ֢ǿԵġ
ʱ仹磬κͤŸҩӾͳȥˣѰȥܱԶ
κͤţһ˱ԺСѾͷȥվµʽ㣬үˡ
ʴκͤȥ磬͸ֵôǺãүȥԺ
̴￴׹Ƶۣʲôƫ۳谮˵Щ۲ԭȶκͤĲǿµЩŻǲŪġ
κͤʵʵֲ²ĴྶͥԭȴκҲʲô˼ңκͤ಻ʶǳĴֱˣһ޲Ŷܣòͨ겻Сȴֺûı¡ϸԵϾû·Ȼ˾ټҿһӾǸª
Թ
էȻϺǧδûЩ˼úãͷһҪŹｫױǮΰס϶ٳӣӲԵģӵĶͷȴҪ۸ӡ
Сʱ͵ͷЩŮ˽Ϸ룬ܷ˷ֺǱ˼ԴŽ̵һҹͬǵӸš
һ˳ƣŹκң˵кͷκͤΣվ޳ȥŮǱ˼ҵˣ޷ţ۹޵ò棬̫̫Ҳϲ
˽԰ǹһʼɳһ֢ⲻǲ۵ĿκͤͲ֡
ԭġ
ȴκ֮һ֮ǰƲĶ޶κͤڲͬ
»֮ҹĬûŭ֮ոԾסƫݡ
£κҸĸɩһиߣκͤԻȥԺסˡ
ֻ˼ʮ˴˿ҲЩ˵ˡ
˼ؽӣڴ°̨Ͽ飬īֽһС߻־˵үǱ߰Ժˡ
´ͣٶɣ˵á
ֽһ߷һҲ̲ס˾죬ǰκһ˶ڣֲأԺԺˣŶóһºˣԺסĵطܴ˻಻á
ޣָϽָһֽѾͷ˵ʲô뻰Խûأ˻ĸֵȷ׵Ȳ˵κͤһѾͷʲôˣˡ
ֽҲӦˣɫһףϽͬ˴
Сʹ뷣ٺ»
лҪ˵лл֧֡

010


κͤ޷ģûţֻʵʵŸСľ䲽С
ԭκɿʱв˿ܱҲ֪κãֻǺ˲˼ֹݵ£˵κλݶȥһһټٴ÷ɿ죬ͨҲȥֻ֤вޣܿЦ㶼ȥκβ
κɿǶʮĴˣκһﵫ֪һģ˭ȥ
κͤеĵطصѡһκ֮ǰûȥĵطԶЩ˽һʱŵԶһӡ
ྩǲҲ޴򣬴ҪиССʹýǣȥ￴ҩһǮء
κͤ·ߣԶž֪СһһȫǷᣬ֣а˼ҡ
κͤԶȥʱǡԶ·λŴֲѿ˵ļλˡ
λҲκͤƫͷüۣЩ˲ͣ½Ųһ˿ʣĺŹģǴ£̽Ѱ˵ģ
κͤѰʱһҾǴ򣬳￴δҪ
Ǽ˲ʱˣ˵ԭҡҲô
κͤһӣЩΡ
һ˼κͤͲɫ֮ɫ˵СӼˣƲҲ֪ʦûС
κͤҲɫɵ磬̸ҽֶʦҲֻͨЩ֮᪻ˡ
̬ʮ֮ţΪжȣһɣλ帾˼ٶԣϾǸ˳˭ܲûвƴģԴ˶𾴴
Ĵټ˲ֻܽǣݽһζ˵ҲˣЩССʹŻ߲ȥΣŹЩԼͺˣⲻ֪ʱвϳɴ󲡣ҲûǮˡ
κͤ⣬ȴҲӭæҰҲˣ˳·һȥһ·нУ˭ҪͶˡ
κ֮ͤãл֮͸⸾һǰߡ
һˣʣԴԸŵ˭
ԴĻش𣺡ҡ򣬴ľ˽ˡ
ʻǸḾˣһϽ˵ãҵϳȶ˶δûԽԽأÿҹﶼǿƤˣǰҼҵ˵Ҫǿ򣬽տɣСȥҼпɡ
κͤͷ˵κκͺá
úúãκȥ
κͤ͸˹ȥˡ
Ḿ˼ҵķҲשΧһԺӣκͤȥתͷ˽һͨ
ḾֶһСµѾȥ佫үлСѾͷӦȻһˡ
ԼһյĹһϺͿųͷˣ˴һˮϴ֣һ˵ǷŹĴκĽŻЩ˿Ϊá
Ϻһߴϴһˮһվ˵û£ëˣˮһͳɡ
ϺļȰ˵ҴˣϺҲֻڵϣÿȣС¶˳Ǿ鷳κˡ
κͤڶһϣȥСȴ֢״
ֻǵطƤƬãƤɫسʰɫ״ֲϸм
κͤʣụ̂
Ϻһæش𣺡Уأ֮ǰ϶ˣҵÿö˯ž
κְͤ˰ΧĺƤʣӶˣ
ϺԼش𣺡һˡ
κͤûз
ϺκͤɫƽʵĻȴô£ⲡ겻ûȥݿȴûʹЩֻٿҩץ˳Լգⲡûĵ䲻ȴҲкЩˣϲ֢궼
κͤԵͷ˵ӦʪˣԵģ궼һλʲôԴⲡⲻܣѶϸҪƽʱʮע⡣
һһ߼ʣ궼һԵλҲУ
Ϻ˵һطĵạ̃һץƺ滹Ҫŧ
ǣκ㿴ɺΣϺӸ˵ǰЩҵʵܲˣϷӣõѪЩ껹ЩЧθȴãһ첻˺ּǶû˻ȥ￴ɵĺܽκˡ
κͤʼ˿ڿŲƽǱʲôŪȴԭõȥģҲ֪ﴫĻƷӼֱˡʪⲻҪ˿˷緢ոȾǿҪġ
κͤɫ˵Ժ򲻿ô˷Щ˲ӣͲһ䣬˸ȾҪġ
Ⱦʲô˼ֻһҪͰŵɫ䣬κ⡭ҵû°ɣ
κͤ˵û£ԺвҪˡϲϻʪ˲ѸȴҲǲΣԺһζͿĸҩͿһվЧ¾ͿȬԺҪעܺɱɹÿˮ̣ĪƼɳ֮
ƤʪǴ󲡣ѵûҩҪִһҩȥһƤʼ˪Ϳϣ֢״ܿͻ⣬ǹŴ޴ҩ
ҽ͵ĻŻʪ֢״ʪаȴȣʪ̣½ҺñǷѪģѪʧͣʶһֱ
κͤԼϳһҩãŸ˿ʱտһۣڰڷŵĻθҩκͤע⵽ڱ϶һҩİťŻע͡ҩﰴť֣ѡҪҩһΡ
κͤһĬθ̩Ƥʼ˪Ϳ
ֻһ˲Ǵϵθ̩Ȼȡ֮һࡣ
ע۸һӡ
ԣŻŵҩΡ
˴ϲ˵ôκã
κͤ̾˿˵Σ
ҽĶе겻ĵʣԾκͤ˵ҩЧãȴҲΪѵãʶ۸񰺹ҪһӣҪձһˡ
һҩһӣǼ˾ǵһѿڶ󣿡
κͤüȻش𣺡ҩĽõøơ⻰ûһ٣Ŵûⶫ
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г˵УλϲЦ


019

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ԺźһһյԽ羴κͤ
ǰ䲻ӸǰźģɱϾʶö࣬ЩʱܼˣҹҲһŹʿʷỹиＸλү󷿴үһһĿ
ǰûκͤʱֻ֪ͼǸֺе˵ɫƽسŷмЩӣκͤӦҲ
ȴϸүζһλӲֻǳŵڵĿûݣȻκҲഫҽˣͨҪãκͤҽǲûټӶо
ǰͷ̰Ƴһ޴˸࣬˵ǿɺأ                        
лҪ˵лл֧~

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κͤʶѾʶУǰ罫һҩķߣҩչťԱ߳һһдţ⵽ҩݿɽչǷ׳ۣ
κͤһ¡ǡĵطֻգ֮䣬ҩľ˲ʧͬʱҩʾѾˣ
ѡȡ͵ķʽһʹõǰ֧ͨʽʹҩҩȼ۽
κͤԥ漴ѡʹͨΪ֧ʽ
һ룬κͤϳһ׵İ
ʮ
κͤһѸ侲ԭҩչҩҲǰģʦһҩʮǮ۸ҩ͵ʮӡ
֮զࡣ
֮ǰֻΪҩĶڿҩ۸κͤڵĹŴ
κͤ˵Ǹ޴ϲȫȼüֻ֮Ҫʵղҩҩмһ޴ĵۣЩǮҩڳ۵ҩ
׽⣬ǰһһȴûǮѡ
κͤã･һ뷨ߵǰԣ˼Σֽ̯īдһš
дκɵġ
κɻº˴κ֪ͤԼλֳǰǹչҩ֮µģʱҩʲҩһ㶼ȥСǮ൫ҲǸá
κͤдŻȥκ飬˵ԼҲֱӱسֲҩģλֳԭͶҩ֮ʮϤֻЩɢҩССˣԼ￪ݣԼҽҲ֣ҩӶ࣬ԼõС֣ʣȫ
κͤԼڳκλֳǷԸҩģֻҪֳ߾ȫգʲôҩԡ
κͤ⻰˿ֻ֪С
ྩھֻҾҵĴҩãҴҵһֲӪҩ԰ֻ裬Ųۡ
֪¢⡣
ҩôŪģԽҩԽྩСݣҽҲͨθ˺֢ͷȣ˿ھ˲ãҽܼ˵ĶǴɢʲҩԼƣԼ֡
κǰߵҲ·ӡ
СҽݿҽȱȱǣûеҩĻҪǴҩȥ
κֲֳͤҩȫա
һţɲκɾˣͷ侲κɾͰѼȫеһϸ˵¡
Ҫ뿴ôģϾκͤҲǸһ׬Ǯķӣ˿ǸҲ
κκһʼȻʮּͿʼԥò⣬һǵκͤ˵ǲģ²ҩŪ
κɩӴ󣬿ԼԥͿ˵СܼȻ˵⻰ضǿŵģԸûûҩСδؾͲɣȢ˭ҵĹƾźүݣû˸С׽飬ŵոҩҲǲܵ¡СܶдŹ˵ˣ⻹ʲôģκɩֻûֱԼİӡ
̴úãҩκԼȿ˵ģʱǱ߰ڲƽҲԼ£ֳܲܽԿ
κɩ⻰һ˵κɩҲҲͬ⡣
Լ޳ɣҲԣԼֵƼĿ϶Ǿǣκκ룬һҧİӦ
κӵͷһ˵¿ʱãǼжʮĶأȥû޳ȥֵ˺ϻһŪ׼ţпȥ𴦴ղҩǱ˵ˣԼò˵ģֻǱȥ׵ֻռ
ӴյĶǲϡͨĲҩκͤҩգܻüǮ֮߰˵ޱ
κߺϼƺ֮͸κͤŹȥϸϸЩ£κдģȴ˵ģϴԳ˲ٳԵõĶټûסһìܣڶԳϱ⡣
κͤʮӣȽǷźӸˡ
ͷȥһҩݻһַ߲ݣЧֹѪֵκͤһСҩߣҩû֮ǰһзӦ
κͤ˵ÿֲҩҩյģһԼչ׼
κͤæһֽʼǣҩݲ࣬ԺչĶ©ñʼס
ñʼȻûӺڳ
κǱѾ˵سҩκЩ˿ŪϾκҽҲкü
κͤз˽ģκͤԺȷҪ˰Լ£֪С
κͤͿʣʶʶ֣Ȼ֪Ųܣκͤһ䡣
Ȼҡҡͷү˵Цˣ˼ʶ֡
֮УκͤЩźʶֵĻպԼҽ˿ԷԱ߼¼֢
ֳĻ๤ĶֻдЩҪԼ
Ȼȥֵźҽⶫȥ
ܱɻ˵òˣæӦǣү
κͤ͵һԵĶͷ˿Ǽ͵һЩţװӣźκͤһʦ飬κͤ˵ĺãԼʲôҲЩȥ
һֵ˴ҩҩƷµӣκͤϻʣӣϣ֮ǰҩˢôΣֹκͤȤĶȴκûǮֻܿŶˢ
κͤ˵ôðӶõ㣬Ļ᲻˷ѣ֮˵õʱ
ֻҩһҩƷˢ¡
ڳµĶ
һȫ
ҩ
עͣȫκθá
κͤ
۵ţȫ֮ĶҩĶȫ
κͤ΢ͣһĹ˼һ룬˰ȫס
ԭжȫĿǰΪֹ˶һаӣÿ
κͤÿʮбףҩĹ֮һÿʮһ飬κͤʮֺô顣
һɹκۣͤǰ̳ʮаȫס
Ҳ˼ʹҩϰװͬõһɫֽװ
ͬûӡʹ˵飬еĽܶҩ
ȫ׻ǴҪκͤעȫһ˵ϣһʱ
ʱ
κͤЦ
˵κͤ΢е㲻һ
дǰȫ׵˼ǲְȫףһڹŴõĲϣ򳦵Ķɵģд÷ǳ壬ȷһݺܲĶ
ȫɷǳʵãκͤļûֶƹ㿪ʧΪһ׬Ǯ·ӡ
¶ʱиȵĺôˣ
κͤ˹ԸȥоһЩʰɾɣ˵껰ӺɰóһЩӸ
պӣͷ˵үұ׼׵ģģ
κͤЦһ֣ȥɡ
Ű¶ȥˡ
κͤʮбף˼ô֣
лҪ˵ллҡ

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ҪЩκͤһ뵽ǣڹŴϷڵĸ¥ݣ׻˵Ǽ-Ժ
Ů֮ǰǵ²ðȫʩȾּķպܸߣرҽΪĹŴᡣ
ⲻϵεĹഺΣְҵҪ̫ףвȫ
ʱƵ¾ְҵ˿һ-ӣϷӡ¥ǿɺҲܻȾõ֢״ᣬõֱӲ
ƫǿѣԣ಻Ը⿴ࡱĲʱвܸϳȥ
ûʲôܶԸڲ˲˵˵Ҫǿ¼ҩԶҲֻǸοðˡ
ڴ˲֢޷ҽΣ¥ݺϷڵǰ£֪ʶƹ㰲ȫ׾ͺбҪˡ
κֽͤгݣóۣǰҪǻȽ塣
ﱻȥ򳦣κͤԼȥг
ྩļ˹ݶţëСģټҵ˽ģͷβĲ֪ж١
κͤѰ˼żȻƹ϶Ҫѡ߹ģ̼ҽк
˴ֵطѾ洦·һҲ޽ȥ裬һ˵˵ͷ˼ȻȻ·ǵȥˡ
κͤһң¥ʮȥ̸һ
̻֮صЩʫʸ踳ӹŵ˺Ц
κͤûǮûֲʶʲôͷһȥ¥Ȼûܼϰ壬óóȻǰ˵ԼҲδ̫ͻأԲע⻹˻ǲҵġ
ɴֱӵķһ
¥ظڣκͤ˹˷䣬ֱκͤһƤ
ŹغúκͤͰѹԼֱ˺̾ڵĻȴֵȻ⣺վãл˵
ǹͻȻĿ䵭κͤŵһ£װ£ګګڣλӣʲôҪô
ƤеӪģ˶಻ʤֻƢĶУЩѧԱֶΣɲſˣ
κֱͤ⣬ú£Ǹ򣬽չһЩ޺ͬ¥ϰ̸һ⣬ⶫһ顣
ǹе޴룬ȴʶſʣʲô
κͤ⿪ɰóķһСΪȫףףǷȾԼ.С
κͤ˵仰󣬹ѾŴͣ˫ַǰ
κͤɫüһ̶ɻҪȥ
ǹҧҧȴᶨɿص˵ͷΪκͤ˵עĶ
Ͼģ¥ҪһŮӵ࣬κ̸ͤôʹõʱ˼ȻҲ죬ȴȥ
κͤѰȫһѡڼ.ݵԭ֮һط벻λҹ˵ЩʹһκͤпԤвͨ
ʮּ򵥡κͤòһֻȫףһָԷʾʡѧ𣿡
κͤɫûһ˿һۣĪЩ죬Ҳͨͨ˼¡
ѧѧˡ
κͤͷٸ¼´ΡʵһΣȻ¸߹ǵˣϰȤպһһΡ˵껰κͤ׼ߡ
û뵽ǹֽһӣ
κͤһ٣⣿
С˵˲Ըأ
Ƭӣκͤ̾Ϣڣҽһ˵ǣ㡭
κ̸ͤ˵ĲǶѧĻֻ˵ⶫȻΪȫΪ˿˰ȫ룬ǵıĳвҪ£ⰲȫʲôõġ
ЩԭҲɵ֪ôֺöô˵κֱͤ˼͹ˣͷԼһĿ˾ܾ
ﻹǵһμκͤӣĿʷ˵˵´ʮºͣһڣ˲ӡ
ּǴ򣬻ԼصĶʹ÷δһ˿ʱıӺͲм
˵˷糾˭ҲԸʱʱ˰ۣ˵жûԴˡ
Ѱ˯ǵʱ·˭ǵʲô
ǹغЩĽ֮⣬ʶԵӣūԸź
κͤæ֣ˣнޣɲˡ
˵Ŷ
˸˳ͷκͤǹﲻǸɵģֻҪ֪ȫ׶Լкô϶㱨ϰ壬ԼҵӾǣĿµĵ֮ǰ򳦰ȫƳ
Ҫһµĵطκͤૣκլ˶Ĳ£޸ԺӣҪ빤ˡ
֮ǰŵõûȾȫȥˣκͤǿڴ죬ûǮ첻¡
ֻܺƤȥʦĹ⣬˼ҹ̶Դһϴֲҩ
ҩнΪɫǽɫҳĻ
ҩЧ澫
мЧκֻ֪֪ͤҩʦȷò
Ұҩ˵ɽ׳ǴĺãʱյþͱȽ϶ࡣ
һɻʮӳ
ǮﲻţˣκͤסˣѰĶ
۽䣬ԵЩ˷ܣˣһ򳧵ģÿնɱ򳦲ǸϡҳԵ˲ȥһ㶼ֻ͸ͷӳԡ˵ҪҸ˵ĺܣǮˣ˵ԺҪֻܹá
Ŷģ
κͤǰջڴƨ.ɺҲ˵СƵġ
ͷһ̶òһȥ죬ȥͷ޸ԺöãһҪŶԺԺҪλƫԶһЩ޷
үȥ²ɣֻȥ
κͤ⺢ӲԴ߽һ̡
޷רŵͣ˼Ҿͻȥȥѡ
κͤȥ˺ѡ˸ģ鷳ֶŶԺķӲ⣬ڣԭκͤ׼һµģû취ҲֻӲͷƤˡ
ǰһǶʮɾѾˣκͤȥһ
ҪưȫҪ漰һ䷽Ҫܡ
ΥԣʹڴϷκ֮ͤǰҲܲԸڲò֡
ڣһ²Ͷκͤ˵򼸸ã;ҪʲôģŮС׳ûʲôҪƩոϳԺֻպûź֮ġ
κͤѰ˼Լû̫ҪֻܳԿͣϸС
ȽŮԱϾҪǸ˵ϸµĻ
󿪿ڣϳԿ̤ʵģʹڶʮʮ֮ŮԣԵû̫Ҫ󡣡
Ӧڶվκͤǰʮ
κͤһ¾ֻӣķҲһʣӲŵõʮꡣ
κͤǮ׬Ŀ컨ø졣
˶Ƕʮ߰ʮŮˣһ׳ͶС۸Ǻġ
ԱһλκͤɴκլȥԺߣԺר¡
˵òǶѵ˶
лҪ˵ȫϹݱǡ

022

⼸ŮһʵΨŵģκͤ̽ѰǾ겻عʣͽաͷĶ٣ŮԸ࣬Ϊ
֪ˣོ߸ԶĵطٲྩǱصġ
򳦻ŮöԸлһһʼϴɾٷŵԺš
תʱȥκͤû¥Ǳߵ£ʱ䣬Թһš
κͤһ¥ſڣǸһϲӭüɫڹˣϰԺأ
⻰˵꣬ͷһȵŮˣϵױЩŨޣһĿκͤĴ˵ǰȻһЦģܷܷеκˣǼһ
κͤŮһۡ
Ů˲ᣬҽ˵¥𱣬רŹЩġ
κͤԵͷʾ⣬ǰߴ·
ʱһȥ֮¥ûӯţǻЦ-һƬò֡
κͤߣ˺ţͥأһ͵һСԺǰͷĻ֮Ӷȥ
κͤȥ̧Ժھ¼̨ͤ¥󣬲ľƣԶһС˽ͤΡ
컹δԺڸߴ˵ʮãͤһλӣִʲô
ͤ治Զֶ֣Ů衣
κͤһ֣һ֣˿֮ͣ£񽥴¡
κͤһ֮񣬵κͤ
˼κͤ۾һЦκ̷Σ¥ϰ塣κǰµĶʵ治ѣĳȤ
κͤԵ壺ͬ¡
̷˲һ֣κ
κ̷ͤ롣
ǰ
κͤǸĿȷ˵¶Ҫˣ̷ҲȽѣ̸
ʹ̸ɣвԼͬ뷨
κͤĽܺ͵㲦ȫ׵ô;ԼⶫͨྩĳЩɺԵĸıӰ֮
̷ε۾ԽԽ·ѾԤ˺ķչ
Уκͤ˶̷εѾ˺±֪ô̷ĪһֱκͤԺ϶ľϲ
洦ɷչǱ̷ύĻᣬԶκ̬ͤԽơ
̷Ѹͬκͤ˵һֻȫףÿֻʮģκͤĬĬ£൱ʮ֮һֻĸļ۸񡣼-Ժǲëϣûͷ϶Ҫӿ׬
ʱöúڵ꣬ۼɫκͤ뿪
ʱʱţһ˻æ˯ˮźϴ
κͤûöԷšź򣬳ԼȥϢɡ
̬ȼƢûȴ˵ڶ飬źһʱѾ͸ֻЩֹؿκۣͤǳȥˡ
κͤһ𴲣ϴ󣬳Щš
ֱȥıԺ
ǰվɹȥκͤ˽أҲϤһ»
պ˶סǱߵģκͤȥճƷޱͰԼһ·ӰĶ٣κͤɴһŹ嵥Ϊﲻʶ֣κֻͤðÿһСͼټ
Щһ֧κͤпǮõÿ죬ζûˡ
ǰκͤѾѰȫ˵ϸ˼飬вϸѾ
Ů˸ɾ·ͷɸɾòӡ
ʼǰκͤѵһ¹غ͹ȻǸˣҲӦó˵ǰͷ΢Ըӣ飬ɷ͹淶
κͤŲ˵һñ˸һǴϴɺ򳦣Ůֽʼ䲻֪ʲôֻǣлﲻţü˶Ǳת˺üΣԹ֪ٿձκͤǻֲ̿һǮණǵսѣʼ·̤ʵ

µʱʱÿ죬κ֪ͤ޾Ҳһ죬һһظǽ⣬ȫ׻ԶԶû깤ֻ
ڶһҲȥˡ
ֱ칤㵽β׶ΣʱκͤóӴҩ͵һֽСҩĶƷ棬Ҫˡ
ǵģȫΨһҩǳԴҩ˵صҪⶫɻȱİȫ׾ͻǸεȻ
ССһƿѵòҪǮ͵ģ˵һͳޣԺȫ״򿪣Ҫȥˣ㶫ԶԶҪڴҩﹺ
κͤҩӽȥֻʣķװĤȻɾʹ󹦸ɡ
ɺаװ⣬κͤĿǰûȥװ׼ŪҪ˵װֽڴҩ
ҩͦԣȻڵĶѡֻܿˢ£ԼĻṩ׶ʶκܹͤǰװ⡣
ҩڣ˺ҩƷصĶۼ۲
ȴȫ׳ǹ˼죬úκͤŮȫװ
Լװһٸţȥ¥̷˷ɸ¥ĹʵЧ
æ׮⿪ʼǰǰѾȥ˰£κͤæûЪϢԶһ̣һɣڶִղϿʼκܻͤҪ֣ŮȫǱ߷ЧõĻͿԽڶˣʱ˴ˣͲҪʱ̸һԼලָŹ˵ʱǽ
κͤջȥ磬δ˵ͻ˼ң֮ǰһնҹأҲȷʵԺ˲£ܿع밲
κͤն߶һϸԸѾͷȥЩˮ׼ԡ
ˮԡϴ˸ʹ裬ϴ;Уκͤҩˢˣһµһ
һҽҩԡ¶Чõظȥʹ屣ֵ˵ҩ㡣
ҽҩϴҺЧȥмֹ
κͤ˵ֵʱδ̫ˣʱ滳ҩʶ龳Ȼôɡ
ٿ۸ԡ¶һϴҺһѡͬζ
κͤ˿ڼϵǣʮĶ£һϨûǮ
̷̸ĵһΰȫ⻹׶ûиǸˡ
κͤϸɾѣһȥ
콥Լ͵ƣɿѣǰͷһ߼Ǳʼǡ
һͶκͤͷҲ̧˵ȷһߡ
Ӧǣ̷һС֮ϣκͤƺͦƽºͣŵһ䣺ү⼸ղѾͷ
κͤ²̧ӱֽ¼еҽȥȥˣع
ګګ˵ã£š


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κͤ벻飬ְ˳ȥо˻ɣ
ͬⲻ׽ͬסһȴ涼ء
ѾԺȥ˵үæʲôƵģԭǳˣǣȻǱߡ
ݵ˵־һԳȴ֪үʲôģǸѾͷһ˳ȥ
һԽ˾仰ǳŸƲȥġ
ҡͷ˵϶ֹˣȻȥϵ̲ҽи˸үﵽŪʲôá
ⲻ˵Ҳ˵ã֪Щʲôֽһ̣
Ƥ봹ЦĪǻҪҸ
ҵĹӴæȰӶ˹ģһֱүɲöˣۻͷүú˵һЩʹ˰סòã
ָһ£߰˵ˣûĬ˰ο˵ȴ֮ǰûκȥ
ɫٲȻһʧģūүԲãס̣һӼױ˵䲻Ļṵ̂ƤǳҪһ˾ú۸ˣ
ȷʵǵԶȻ֮ԲκͤȥԺһԭԳòǳţɫ˲ֲţʶΪ༸չκͤͻתֺó⡣
ֵ˼κıԲ
ֵǰͷү⣬˵ݵλκǧ䲻̣Ȼ̸Ǹүǵֺе˵ˣѧ˴ҽβˣ֮ǰǴҲ;˵Զﴫˡ
ֻЦһС
Ϊ𣬳ź֮ʵʮֳ
ʲô˼ңŮӼ˺ݷ仯ڷһһҪСģ̷Ůм仹ҪɷԺССҪչá
ӹĲһҪأҪźͲƣ̯һõģԺӾѹݿˮȵ֪
С˼ҲμëƤҪһӹ˾ѫҴϵǧ˿ƣլô׹ܵġ
˵ʵĻ־Լڼϳ˴˺ӹȴ
һκҸĸֳȫס£ͷ˹ܣ޹ôãûһιûһհլӵĶԼˣ۸
˵κͤԭΪЩȫûУ֪֮һºˣҽҲû˼ȥռǹһһ䵭ЩҲû˵һػ
ųĸĨκͤ˵Щ˵ľҪЩһ˺Ů˲ôǸ£ľϵԽԽҪ⡣
ڶ죬ûѾȥκͤκκʹˣǰҲûк
ţģһ峵ҩݡ
κͤ۾һֱѩ̿ȱǮء
Ϣ󣬸ϽԸҪһϯ
λӷַ˯֪֪ܽ˻ȥϸǰ©죬кҲ
һҪϻκͤǱ˵˷
ԺȥһַԸīȥһ̳ƳϷʳʱСѾͷһ͹ȥ
ԺʲôûʲôöЩֶ֪κ̰ͤʳ֮ճûͳԵĶʮּ⡣
ҪκλֳͲôˡ
κͤǱߣѾλֳ˵𻰣л͹ĲҩһʱϽǮˡ
κκοСܳɼ֮˶ˡ
һ棬ǾκͤòϵĴı䣬էһκһȣΪϴˣκͤļ˵С㳤ˣҲˣǵûչˡ
κͤ˵ߣüͷһҲˣزһ£æҲû̫עڿЧġ
κͤԶ׼ı仯κκֻܸܵоʮֲͬˣֱ仯־ݲ
һƺһ˵Ĵֻһü۷Ǹˡ
һԺԱɹ˲ٲҩκͤˮ֪ϽѼҴҽ
ǵһ㲻κͤҽΪϾκѧ˺ö֮꣬ǰأӻͷ
κһκκٴξõ֮ܵǰǵ㲻ŵС˲¡
ֵܶҩһκͤ˵ҪҩҲȷһ£ϴκͤ˵֮ײףϾһŻûе湵̤ͨʵаȫС
һյ裬ۿ쵽ԷʱһԺԸģݶżڣǱ߽г˾ƲˣѾ˵㣬үɿ÷ˣ
κͤǱϹãԺȶ׼ˣ𴩣˳˵˹ɣλֳһ·϶ˡ
Ӧǣȥ
κһЦ˵Ųţһˡ
һͼѾͷ̧ŷˣҲһԣﱧһ̳ơ
صóγ÷ˣӣûζʹ˹κҲ겻ʱгԵôõģӦ˵һͨ˼Ҷ᲻ôԡ
κֳԾЩ
˰֮Ѿ˳ȥκͤλֳ꣬һˣѾڵʱκκڣѾһߣʮַɳڳ
κͤ˹˹ģ¿Ҳز˳ԣԵ٣ֳС÷ˣȢ˸ֱӱ˸ˣⶼζˣŴǰκѵóһ⣬κͤʹųԵġ
˵һӻˣƸǸö̳һ򿪾
κͤƣһ߳Էһ˵ż֮£˵ڴҲ˵˵Щ˲ҩ£κͤǴƱж˷ģԵزֳԿ
κκκͤŵһĲų׷ٷҲûжųȥˡ
лҪ˵Vлл~

024

κͤͳǰӣ˹ϵǢʶдκֳϾʮģָãκ̬ͤȡ
κͤʵûԳйж֮⣬ڡֻ˿СܽӴܶž󲿷ìܣû˵Լš
Ǹ˾Ϲһ㲻Ѿ߶Ļκͤ˵ѾͷƾǱ˳ˣЩݡ
ǰԺ˷ϲиʣѾˡ
κͤҲƣûЩ⣬ǽ˴ˮϴ
ʰþ˶ȥ
֮ǰһҩκֱͤӳ۵ҩȥʵףѾ߶Ҫֶɡ
˵Σκκ˹һ峵Ļ϶Ǵ˵ģôණͻȻʧܲ˻ɣ
κͤԸѾȥ˽ȥԺǱߣɻĹװ˳ȥ
ǴԺԺţǰһһŮں£κͤǰͷ˶Ҳ֪
κκҩ֣࣬һ⼾ڳģ֮ǰεĽһǱ١
κͤ˱٣ϲˣҩչǺԥҩݶһǮ֮κͤһȰѴڵˢµҺԡ¶ʮƿû˷ѻᡣ
ϵͳİװûʧõǲʻŮͼĴɹޣƯ
䷽˵飬κͤûȥ
ʮƿƿ޹ޣֱǲͬζġκͤѶͻȥκլ
꣬תȥ¥κ֮ͤǰ̷Լӡ
κͤڲһĿˣһȥȻ·ֱȥ̷εԺӡ
̷μκͤʮ˷ܣ£ӦȫʹЧϲˡ
ڵһκͤʱǫǫģ̷ٲȻѾ½䱸κͤ顣
κӣ󲻵ȫжã
κͤ⻰Ը֡
̷βã۵׶˷ܣ֮ǣⶫϲǸϲǣʡ鷳⼸¥ﶼ˵ʲôһй˵ǾĶ˵ݲš
Щκ֮ͤУûʲô̫ķӦ
̷֪أ˵Щž̸⣬֮ɫЦκﻹжٻÿɷȫҪˡ
κͤһºЦˣüҰԳʷ̷ӺżȲ˵˹޶˵ѾֻʱȻȱõġ
̷⻰̽ʵ⣬κͤ²ⲻĻԷ³Ķռг˴κͤྩǵĶҴϾྩǵļ-Ժֹ¥һңֻ¥аȫףƵλԶ׼ˡ
һ㲻֡
κͤȻӦʹûֻѰȫ¥һңԴȦǮ
̷ε̽κͤǡֻˣǴˣ˵־ס
̷û̫⣬̸ҪһβûʲôֻҪ㹻ôûаٷְپԵ£ĿҪǺκͤõĹϵ
κͤҪ÷֪ȫûͷˡ
ʣµκ̷ͤԺһ
̸̷νѾ߳׼õӣϡ
κͤȻ¡
̷Ǳϯ˲ˣκͤ
κͤǲӦ֮ˣ֪ԺҪչʵٲҪӦ򽻵ʶܾ
֮ϸ赯ò֡
ٲƣƱյκͤⲻֺ˲١
δ㱣Щͷз⡣
ɫŮɽŶŨС
κͤݺ費ٴɫǷ
̷δ飬ʶûȥźԼ಻ȤǶκͤ˵ʵмŮź򣬵ƲˣЦϷˣϡ
ϯ̷μκͤɫЩɢκͤȥκͤûܾ
ϳˣ̷εֱκͤ͵κҴſڡ
ʱκͤʱ飬㲻Ѿ˵ţһϲʱΧˣǾûҪ
˲ҲԸ˵ֻΡ
κͤһԺӣԺãϵš
Ѿͷ
˾ƱЩƣɢɢУɨһԺӣ䵭ڣôˣ
ʺͻīڣؾ˸밲ſڣүԭ£˵˵룬үȥ̰ɡ
κͤƤ£ûʲô顣
óǸ鷳ӿʼһ֪֪ǲǺ˾ƵԵʣĸоЩ
Ǹ鷳ǶʱƲ֡
⼸ĳŹ򣬶ѾͷԼͬĻ£ʵκͤʱı䵭º֮ɫ·ǴƴӲڹһ㡣
˵ʲô
κͤȴתһ˦䣬ǰߣͳǱ߰ɡ
ʻīѾͷϽϡ
κͤ󲽷ɿ죬ԺֱǰһֱֱͨȥѾæǷȴѾȥˡ
ڣ⿿ϣǸճŰľ
κͤˣڴԼԶλãԿʣ˵ң
϶ľײͻȻͣͶֹ
ԼƬ̣⽫ƷԱС֮ϡ
زЬϡ
ķǳƯŹֳѰ˵ò˿žϲ
ž°ѣ䣬෢ǰȹӯӯϸʹ겻ȴƲ۵̬-顣
ͬʮĹŮֲ
һһǰߣЬǰŵģڵذϷһյڰĻº
ͣκͤǰܽҪ̧ͷ
κͤȻеļǼŮûҪ
ڣԷȴͷĿһԼϡ
κͤʼü벻׳Ҫʲôʱ򣬳Ѹײڶ֮˦һơ
žһǳ
κͤеһһ
ʱֻһּһһٵ
κζΣ
һ˫һздšζңұٱ֮˼
쳣ţ罵˪ʱѾ߶ˣأֻ޲û䣡
κͤһͣĮ˶𣺡ȥ
֣һѾͷɪɪ¡
κͤٴεף⡣
лҪ˵лл֧~
ŸƪԤաղأдģ¸ȿƪɣ󱦱Ǵרղѽôô
İ
ܳɵƢԱŰԲ̣˸ǡ
һ𴲣ɵ۷ԼЩ
ҽսս˹
ڣɵֳŶϣһ˫۰м¡
Σֻһͻչ¾ƺ죬Ǻֲ֢
ҽǰ
һӺ󡪡
ҽ̧˲ͷϸͻش𣺡ġո£¿֣Щڻ֢֮
ɵƿƤƿڣ̫ҽԺ˼һºŪ֢֮һ塣
̫ҽȱ˳ȥ
ڰɵ۱۾ݺϷ
Ϸһ
飺ӣķӦ
AС۲BͷCĬĬDʲôҲҸҶ죿
ɵüֱܲӰϳȥˣ

ѡDѡ
ֻЦһʮ̶ִʲôҲҸҶ죿
һ£˵λС˲Ǹǵģ
Լȴһ췽ô£غ˵

025

⡣
κͤһνг, 䵭ûƽʱºͣ¶Щζ, Թ𴽽, , Ǻ룿
˵仰͵͵ЦЦ
಻㣬㲻Բ˿, ݵͼ֮ˣҲеԸȢ, ȫȻùκίҲǣ
κͤĳЩ, ſҲ⣬תһȦ󣬾ֱߵ鰸
ֵ̧Щˮִ̨īһһĥ
ȵ⡣
˵ͬ, ֻҪӦһ, ұдһֽ㣬ɺãһͬʱü, һ˫ž۾ŵĳ
ԭͰ׵˲ȥѪɫøޱ, ϵ˲šһ, ڷ, ·ܵĪ裡
漴ɿκͤǲ࣬סһƵĿ
ƾʲôң
κͤЦƾʲô, Ϊβҡ
ȴɲǡ
κͤΪ˾ɢûʱһɲǡ
ֻһȻɿˣȻһתһۣԼźݺײǽϣ
飡
صһ죬ţ¡
κͤ巴Ӧʶܹȥһ̣ס
˲ѹ侲࣬һַһִ䣬˺ᱧ𣬴ߵߣ˷Žȥɺá
˵ĹûУκͤӳϳͷѪĵطȥֹѪ
ˣⷢݣüײȥģ˴ӣѪ顣
κͤסˣһºڣôСŮƽˣ
κͤ³ײôһ߸˿ڣһСĽ֣⡭
ⷽűιȥκͤһŽָʶ۾
һκͤ͵߿ûˡ
κͤԾд˵𶯣˿ˣҸ㿴
κͤһ⣬ֻ׺ݣۿȴʪˮ⡣
ʱһ̾˵ҵĴҷ˵ǺӻˣĪ棬Ҹⲻǡ
һ˵⻰µ̶̲ס˿߷߰ƫͷȥ
κͤھˣھЩۡ
ھĬһ󣬳ͻȻڣ˵һ仰
ôô۸ң
ߵġ
κͤû˷ӣּͷ˲ᣬ辡촦ǵҵĴԺٲ۸㣬𶯣ȸ˿ڴ¡
˵⻰漴⺰һˡ
ʺͻīˡ
һκͤڴߣЩ֡
κͤͷҲصطԸȥǰԺｫҵҽҩù
Ǿ춯ϸһûٵڶ£ûӲκͤ˵ҽҩȥˣʷɿȥˡ
īСһ䣺үôˣ
κͤ˵˼ҸײǽˣֻԸ˵ȥһˮ
īֻȥˡ
ˮ͹κͤšӸϴ˿ڣϴúҩҲ͹ˣκͤ򿪣óҽҩƾͿ˵ҩȻɴ
Щ֮ǰһҩģ˵ҩҩκͤܲ׼
֮ǰһֱȥ˿Ҫõġ
κͤĳû𵴣ͷβΣû£
ڰκͤˣԸͬһľǿ
Ȼúÿ˱ʱҲÿ
ˣκܸͤƽϡ
˿ڣκͤſʼǳܵǰ
κͤŷԼȷʵ׵ҲʵǳѾͷԣ˶֡
һŮӴκͤһµ˵ֻۣΪ֣κͤһʱʧ侲˵˺ĻȴʱǺ뻹Ů˵Ǽص˺
κͤļû˵йķޣŮˣ³ʮҡ
ҳͷѾˣͼκңκͤף˻ôЦ㲻˵ˣ̫̫Ůʱﻹл·ֵҲ룬ȻȻֱԴײǽ
ûһ㣬κͤʶԼӣѾ֮һ
ٲ֮ܺǰüȻ˼κԼԶЩ涼üá
κͤ˱ۣʱ̬ѾȫȻ仯
Ѿ߳ȥ
Ѿֻһǵ˳ȥˡ
κͤų⣬﷽ŴҰƣԵ㣬˵˵Ǻ⣿
κͤǻ΢һֳ֪Ǿ仰⡣
ڴԭƫͷ۲κͤ仰۾ٿȻֻͷĹ⣬ˮӯӯĲ֪
㻹˵òҪ档ָ߬ű˵
κͤüһһֽҪ尴ȥһߵĪҶһʱֳʣ˵ʲô
ЦԼʲôĪˣ
κͤһŲµʲôµҲҪóԼ˵ȻԺʲô¾˵Ҳ˵ҲֱַӦûܲ
κͤǸˣס
Ƶģ㲻˵ұȥǼѾͷˡ
ҪӰͼˣһӾס·ȥ
̫ײһºݵģе㷢ͷΣһܣ¡
κͤɫɺãˣҶ
κͤŴӴҩŪҩԣʶһһڹȻˢһֶ֢ҩ
վߵһԵķҽҩĵطװȡҩʵҩҩ
ȡغ󣬿˵飬һˮ˵ǰԣ˵ýˮȥɡ
ҩκͤϢʡ
˭֪վ⣬ʿ㲻׼ȥʣԼط˿ˣ˼۰Ͱ˵Цң㻹ʲôȥʡ
ؿޣۡ
κͤת壬̾Ϣһߴױ̨ϳһɾӣϰᣬһ˵ĪҪٿˡΪ˵Ҫ֪ôҡ
˲ˮߵκͤ
κͤԱҵȷȥ¥ȥԭ򣬶һ׮Ҫ¥ϰ̸
ʶʣʲô£
κͤЦЦشǸһܷһЩ¥Ҫϰȥ̸
ȣκͤǻʶʵȷˣⲻɵһ׹κͤ˵ԼǴ¥ϰҪκͤ˼ͺˡ
ٵҲ֪¥Ĺ׵òģѰ˼ҿ˵һ˵öġĸûǻĳ֪һ򶼲ԸβκͤȥҲΡ
ΨһܽܵľκͤȥǳԻƣ黨ǲݵġ
κͤˣ³ɾί
¥ͷκͤ˭ԭݷóλ¹Ѿſڼκͤϵã¥κͤ˳ȥС㣬¹ͼˡ
״ƹģʵ޼ɵ⳰Цһ顣
ȻⲢ۸ʱͽ˵˻ȥЦǳ¹ĹغãѾרЩطܣҲ֪ʲôȥģȴҪۣ˻ҪؼҸԼС㣬Ǽ¶
춾飬˵һܻʮ䣬⳰ܵͲȥ
ʱСɫǺ죬ȴ޿κΣѾˡ
ˣ⵱濴ʲôһҪ̵ܷóСƿԣκͤ迴ЦȻ쳣ߺޣǼһơ
κͤ˵ˣżͷˣ㣬㻻ҩ
ⲻ˵κͤҵĬϣѾͷн֮뿪
һæҡ
ʱѾκͤǰԺϴϢˡ
ڶϣκͤϴúȥԺ
Ѿ𴲣ѾǸհѣͷһȦɴܷܷ
κͤȰҩ࣬ɴǸҩͷβΣѲܡ
ҡҡͷ
ֶԹܵºܵģʣү̶ϵ˿ɻ̣
Լ仰ֶ£˭ܶԼòĲⲻء
κͤ˵õģ˰̵ҩͷùõ̡
Ѿֶһ
ղκͤ緹
׼ĳʳʮַḻɫһ˷ݵġ
κͤüû˵ˡ
ԱźĬĬκͤĿζ
κͤûǣһˣκͤ㱨һЩ飬κͤѵڶȫȥ¥
κͤȥ⻻ҩźˮʱһ䣺ǸңүΪεͷܣ
⿴ںȲ裬ʵҲ˶䡣
κͤһ룬Цˡ
лҪ˵һлл֧֣
Ұ꣬~ϲ~~彡~~

026

ü΢΢, ̧ƤʣЦʲô
ǲ⣬вɫ
κͤҡҡͷ, һյվ, ŵС߹ȥ, Ȼ˵㸽˵
ⲻԾȥ, ƫͷչȥκͤԵ͵˵һС
ıȥ
κֱͤ˵, ¿֪ˣ
Щգһ󱡺, Щڣ֮ǰΪһЦɷˡһֻԼľȥ롣
Ƭ̣κֵͤ껹ʮ, к, ҲĪ˵ȥˡ
Ӧ𣺡ǲġ
һԵʼǶһЩ, ֲԣ֪κͤ˵ʲô, ֻһ, ǲһ䣺ʮûôҼò, ̫С
κͤͷǰ˵ʮģǻСһꡣ
һ˼仰׷£ʮܸʲôǸСûء
Ҫ֪ǸкԼ, ָʲôءÿǲ֪
⿴ʵ֪ˣûơ
ϸκͤ³ͷϵ˿˻ᷢףԾͻҩڣһΡ
ҩЧ˿ۼͺ࣬棬ԽϿκͤҽ֮ǰںҲδĸôõҩκЩϴĺҩֵ䷻Ҳزٺö
˿ںתκͤͰֽй֣ÿտű˿ڳˮ񻯣κͤæҪȥŮǱ߿
ȻӦ£ǳ֣÷Ըúúõģ⼸ղѾ߰ҩǼκͤͳһദһ飬֮ãôѾȥš
κͤģΪҪ֮ǰƵģⲡһþҲһ涼ϵ䵭˶ľսȥǹöࣿ
Ҳͽסκͤʼ߿ࣺү̰ɣ潾ӣ˵ĻЩԲǸúӣԭҲֻʱڹ۸˺˶ЦҲ޴ӽͶֻܡ޸үүһסԺһԺ˶õȻŵģ˭Ҳ붼ǸһģЩȻ򴫳ȥһְ㣬̸ûˣӣպû߶ˡ
˵ЩȻĥ˰뱲Ӽ˲֪ܻмκͤܵϿɣܿ˵ӣ򲻻˵Щ
Ǿ仰Ҳѵ˼Ҫǳⲻͺˣ˭˵ǺͶʧײźͺףô׾ͻŹϵ
κͤˣΣֵ˼ˣȥɣ
ְӦһ۾Цˡ
ֻԺӣȰѾ߶ѵһ黰ȻĸѾ߽й͸˷κͤ˵˼ǰӶʰһ飬Ķ
үѶǾɵģһ֪Ը̵ҼǵǸү˰ѵģ֮ǰһֱóԿȥҳ
ʵͷӦ¡
ַԸ󣬸Ͻȥݣ˵ȥˡ
κͤһѾͷ룬ȥԷ
κͤû˵ʲôֱӹȥˡ
һЦУȻ˵˳ʲô¡
κͤһѾ߸밲ˮκͤϴ֡
κͤϴˣֽӹӲ˲֡
پϴЩɬ֣κͤ⾻ֺѾ͸˸֬Ϳϣκͤ˵֪ҩûл˪֮ĶпһЩ⡣
һǰԡ¶ҺһʮƿһһƿЩŮӶЩӦϲġ
κͤԡ¶Һкü֣ӵĻݵζԼõϴͷϴĶԭζҩ㣬ֻҩûӻݵ׺
ЧͱעЧһ˿κͤϾһҩζý˻߶ŵ
κͤ鿴˿ҩֱűϵģκͤ΢΢ǰ㣬һҩޣһСˢӣ˿úܽκͤϵҩζŴ˳ıǻǻƺβˡ
Լ඼˲ʶƫƫͷ
κͤùӵֱֻһסĪҶ
һ
κͤӱϢһЦ⣬߳ŭת˸⣬ʣûϲĻζ֮ģ
κ̫ͤȻˣָо˺ǡ
£ƫƫֲñ˾ܴСʧ̬ӣʱסҪĻ
κֽͤһ⣿
ź֪κͤ
оԼЩ֣Ҫκͤģκͤº͸ҩ˵ķңƢ
κͤڸϵɴɴŴһһ÷ĵûرϲġ
κͤһЦ˵˸֡
κͤŪõģʱ˹һѣЦ˵үͷ׼õģʱڴãѾ߶˳үҪҪȥԣ
ֵĻһ˵Щ·ĳߴ綼ǰκͤĳߴģ˲󲻻С⻰һ˵һκͤоһ٣˵ϲˣλүֳЩ
ȻϸκͤʮţЩӳʮҲеġֻЩҪȥĸġ
·κֱͤϱ˱ȣүǳˣ·Ҫûȥһģͷлīûȥ硣
īõġ
κͤĶխ··ǿģټһжֹۣһַ緶
һԷκͤٴȷǳʳͷˣ嵭Ҳá
¿ӣκͤ˵һ£游ٳǵûغһˡ
һ͹ģܳ޵ôǺŮôҪȥġ
κͤʣ游
˵ǡ
κͤͷţ֪ˣһᱸ񣬵ʱһȥ
գκͤĥøЩʲô˳ҩ￴˿Ȼּˢһ¶
ҩƷ֣ҰξЧǿ壬۸ʮ
κͤ˵˲εļ۸Ȼʵбࣿ
κͤԥҰξҩһ׺ӣʡκͤٳȥĹ
׼ãת۾͵Ϻүٳ
лҪ˵Ϧ֣Ұ꣬꽡~

027

ѹûָκͤ׼ʲô
κǸʲô۾˶ܿ, ʱˡ
֮ﶫ٣ڼмЩͨǺö, ȴϡ
˵Ҳûа޶ȥ游ĵ, û˵, ҪЦһ󣬳ĸ˾Բ¡
һԵֽ, ˵СҪТģҲصѰǵϡ, 궼ڵģͱǸˡ
Լüҡҡͷ
Ҳָֽһ, ˵Ϲǰڼҵʱһ
Щ긮ＸֻЩԼдֻ֮СүڳѾˣϸ˵Ѿ, ٲСġ
ڹȥ, κҵˡ
˵ȥ䱦ûʲôʵ黭ֻ֮, һֽѾͷ˵ûҪǱТ, ĶȴҲҪ
һû˵, ޵ʲô˼˭, κʲôȻ͵ٺҲ²ס˵ӣֻҪõó־ˡ
иףԱЩɺ, ¾ͽȥˡ
Ӧ»Ҳ飬תͷͳȥˡ
߸մӲǱ߳ȥκͤͻˣĺС
һԺӣĶ漴밲ʸŸ˸һ߽κͤеĳн£үǱ˸ʲôһҩ㣿
κͤԼȥһԵϴֻ֣˵أ
ʻأͷأ˵ҪͷĻ̳ЩֲҪǼæ˵ҪԼ֣껨ȫŪˣϴĻܿ
˵ͼīɢŷ߳ᲽӣãüĿ촽Խ飬ڱʲô
һЦˡ
˵һ߹ȥ˵衣
һϣھʣʲô
Ц˵үùˣҲ֪
йֵζü
κͤſڣһҰξǲζ
˲Σʲ졣
κͤôһΣźӾ֪ͷС
˭֪˲ԽԽѵãǮһ򵽣ںĳûʶҰ˲Σû뵽κһꡣ
κͤȥ˲κд򿪣˲䣬һɱȸղŨʮ౶ҩζƮ˳˲˼˵ıǻ
ôҩԣʵһδôĲΣ
ŷκҲ򵥣òҪúװǳʶװߺòܽ˲λסɢҩԣ泤á
ʲ߽ˣЩˣ̧ͷκͤ׼͸游ģ
κͤףţϰĲˡ
֣˵Ʒõ˲Σϰ˲Ҫóȥ۸ȻƣκҪΪʲ֮ǰһֱͰ͵ӣһ˶Ҫȥˡ
κͤ˵ʵһɣ֪κϾҽģ͵ģүү˽͵Ÿҡ֮ǰһֱˣ˵үٳʱҲ
ԭָһ˲룬漴ѺӸϣƬ˵ҴĶͳȥҪ
κͤһЦʣҪģ
㲻ٿڣתڰԣ˱鿴ˡ
κͤʰҰźãȥãӦ¡
⿴Щʫʫ֮飬κͤССͿֶ֪޹κҺ󼸺ûţûʲôֻԼǰʮŮḻʣе۳⡣
ûںʱ϶ںã㲻ţҲôأ԰ͻʫģȤƵѶûУκҶԱȺ˵Ǹĵء
ŮӵԼĶ࣬˵ˣҷ˵ףһջŮҵĵλǿĹؼԾ¶Ҳǽ׽һŵԵ֮һ߼޵Ůδؾһãôǰ˵ȥǵ˼Ůġ
൱֮õģŮȥ˷¶ҪɷģŵĳһŶҪʾ
ڹŲߣκͤᾫѹжԺͳĹϵ֪˿󣬸ŮӵĲףڼƻˡ
ųûҳ뿪ʣ㳣Щʲô飿
һ٣βŻأʱˣǰĸ׶ǿŮѵŮ䣬żЩʫʸ踳
ŮѵŮ֮κͤûʫ֮࡭ʱѧƣᱳĲ٣ٶͲˡ
κͤѰ˼ŸտȥԼǿĻ͸⡣
ת۾͵Ϻүա
һ磬κլ׼æ
޹̣ǿȥЩġ
һԺ˶ææȥģһͷױ磬ǱּҪȥĶ
ӴǸҰϸЩˣַԸѾͷϰᶫϲģȥ䱦ûпʵģֻö̫ͨЩ̫࣬úܣ˭֪˵үѾ׼ˣһϰҰɽΡ
˲ˣֵզ࣬ǿϲ
κͤһѣէһԺڣѾ˶ס˵ˡ
󣬼룬ү˿Σ֮ǰһֱδϸȴԭǫǫӡ
κͤǰֻխѣʱϿ䳤ۺ˶һָоѾͷĺ
ڣͷһ֡
һЦˣӴҵүͷɲīүڡ
ҲЦЦʲôС
κֻͤ̾ʵʵ˸ͷ
īɣȻûӹڹҲᣬվκͤŪ
һӺ󣬸Ϲڣסͺˡ
ī̲ס˵һ䣺үͷֺ࣬Ũܣʮ˳ڱʮֺÿ
īû˵٣ＸѾ綼ˣү˵Ƿʡ
һԣ۾ڻīκͤϣ֪Щʲô
ԳЩ緹˱Ѿ߳ˡ
κͤ
һǾججȢޣڶǻţȥϺү٣ӣ֪ȥˡ
бŮȻǷֿдκͤһҲҪȥĸ
˼κͤһ۶Ǿʵı仯̫
ܷ˶ľ˵ԼǿۣκͤδؾǸûϢġ
̫̫֮κͤ͸Ŵӳ̩ȥԺˡ
̧ϸϸÿһ飬ſ˵ҽ˵
ȥˡ
ö˴ͷ˵˵˰ʱĻ
ȻѾϸϸ˵Գüͷʲô¶
ſڵźæƿţһ˽ػ
Ѿһ˵شĻ˵ͷǱλүͻȻļεˡ
˵û£ɾȻˣ
Ѿߵæͷҵүڣιһʲôҩȥˡ
֪κͤǴģֻǲ֪ҽá
͵ͷ޵ĺҽ
ɫ糣
Ѿͣһ²ֽ˵УүǾ˺󣬲֪ôľͺһλִ
Ѿû˵ǣʵҲִүȻȻģͰλʧ̬
λүǺ
лҪ˵лл֧֣⼸ʱе㲻ȶǸ

028

浾վ, ʣȰˣ
Ѿ߻˵ȻУүأһƽϢ, δֵòࡣ߽Ǻү, ǹү, Ի˼ݡ
˻浴Ѿ߳ȥˣǣ, ˵һȥɣͷֵ, ȥĸ״͡
ȳվ浿˿, ԰˸Щƽȹӣö˲һȥ
ͷŮҲ˵ǰͷ԰£۵κͤζҩ
˼в˻ļë, ƫⲡû, һû󹦷򵱳û˵úܡ
ʥϵܿүֲ, յĶҪö̫ҽ˵û, ⲡβ, Ѱмɶŭ, Ժʳ϶н
κͤոүһζҩȥ˵תˣĲʹ˺ˡ
κͤҲȷһ£ǣ߳˲, ֻҪΣҩܼӶˢ³Ӧ֢״ҩ
λүκͤж֢״ӦĽʹȹĲĳ̶ҪЩʱ¶ѪܷļҲ޲ߣͳΪļԼΪಡ֢ͨ˲£ûмٻָҩܵʱҪ
κͤȥʱҩˢͬҩȡĻֱ۵ҩЧ衣
ʱκͤ˲ֱ࣬ӴŵĺɰáСҩƿιȥȻλү
үļһκͤͷκͤڰֻ˰ѲͻظϢǲܳˡ
ʱŵ˼̶κͤ࿴ǰͬ˵ҽ߳
͵һˣպǹɼҵĹӣк㣬ΪӣȴЩСǼ
һãǰμʫʱһ棬ؼп˵һκòɣྩڴ㶼
⻰ǡɱʥѧδѧ٣Ǽ󣬷ʮ˼֮ԼҰһ͵͵ȥŮǱ߿ˣԶԶų⣬ʱΪˡԼĸȥס
ɷȲϣڸȻͲסճղɷֻȥݷܷˡ
ҶǴˣɷ̽˼䣬˵ĺã֮ģܷһ׹Ҳͺ˵ǻСҪꡣ
ɷ˶ˣٲ⻰磬;Сӵ˼
ײɣԾóⲻһȴòĸֱɺޡǽ˸ˡ
ѡ㲻ɱͻ㰵⣬񶾵ؽĸȥŰѳɻ檡
ɷǸˣСӳһ٣ôô㵱ǳصģ汲͸̫£ϻ˵ϻأ̫̫ʲôˣҴܷ˸⣬ŮˣҲǺŮܷģ㵹ı컹һʵҾǰŮȥȥӣҲΪ檡Ұգû¶Щ飬˵Щ˻ⷬţҪǸ˼ҽأڳһͷǣ
˵ͽӹ˼ȥˡ
Ĳ֪ѳһ˵Ķˣз߷߲ƽƶΪβܸԼ檡
⣬֪κͤˡ
Ϻү٣һ
ͷһμκͤԷȻԼԲϲ̨СȫȻͬ񼵶ʡ
κͤһζҩȹ˽үҶǰ˵вˣǰһʲô֪ĶҲҺι˳ԣԳκоҲģΪԼѧ˼־ǴˣЦ
Եļλ˵ԡ
Ҳû뿴κͤʲôӦ
κͤʵϰʱҽԺûʵĲˣǰΪҲҪŲ磬ʱȥ˾õ̶̬ȱŲ
κͤɲҽԺֻܲƤ̧һ£ƽúܣƳһۺ㣬赭д˵ģպӲ·ϣ¾ԶԶģǰһӺҳһҩӴɷġ
κͤƵ·ģһȷʵʵڰѺ˻ȥ
ٴζκͤ࿴˺ЩƢԣøС
ǱȻţɫէէ죬̬
ʱ̩˽ȥһϢˣȻԼλ÷һۡ
κͤ˳ϡ
˶֪κͤ紫ǰ㲻Ϊ¶һҽѾͬˡ
ŻȥҪͬ˵˵ˣҽõ˭
ʵϣκͤͳ˼ңڶգĴܼҾʹˡ
Ҷõ˷үļ֪һⲻ˵ȥҩȥˣ
ʱֽ˵κͤھۻôڲȴúƿԵ¡                        
лҪ˵лл֧֣
עⰡǣҪģٳţžʹ֣ϴ֣ͨ硣⻰˵һٱ鲻Ӷ֮࣬ҶҪ
ʮһ

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ûۼ, ѾӵʱźۿС˽´ȥ, īֽѾ߶˺üء
ĵκͤǸů, ȿ, ЩʱƷӶ, Ǹˡ
˿Ժκͤ˿йһѾͷӶ⣬Լҹռ, 󷴵òӹȥ
Ȼб£ܻס, á
־ҹ˸ų棬˭Ĳû
κͤǼᶨܰڲء
£ȫЦ, ˵ѾߣСĹôѧ, ˡûһѵζ
ֽ˺߱ʾ, Ǹ˵ү¶أǱš
ִһ, ƢԺ, ǵűˡ
ԼѾ߶Ц
ʱ, ʴͷһѾһ̧һСľӽ
̧ʣʲôǣ
ʺ˼ѶϣŻ˵ү˵ǽʲôϴͷԡõĶ
ǰСӴ򿪣Ѿ۾Ҳſȥ
һ, һһ侪
ƯĹӣ
ǲģ
滭ͼôÿ
û˵ʲôһ޹޸ȥ
ʵү˵ϴҺǱԡ¶ ˵ָָ
һҿӣʱһķεǳζƮ˹
Ѿߴߴ˵𻰡
ţ
δĶء
֮ǰõѾϵȵˣȴûζá

ȷʵǴĶ仹ûã͵õ˴ҵһº
䣬ѾźϴԡʱѶͶˡ
ıֲ˵ȻŴ۾Ц⡣
Ҫ֪ԴӼκҺ󣬾ûôЦ
ԡ¶ź󣬼ģϴҺҲǣӺ̫ˡ
κͤڲڼңǻʱѾҪԷͷˣһ˲ãǿ˳
һ׹κͤϾˡ
Ѱ˾ǻ˵ʱ£κͤǸˡ֢ͬĲ˹עκͤҽϣβҩ
˳ǵһŵģǸĴܼңκͤȥү塣
κͤûϻ̳Ͽ֣Ҳûϲ
ƽ˵δҽݣҽҲֻһ㣬үݹأѰЩǿĲǡ
κͤϲŸ˿һʼִ߽˿ҲΪ̫Ķ࣬үֲһˣβÿֵ鷳
Ȼ˳Ĺܼ˾ʮ㣬кͰЦݣһ㶼ûҪѹ˵ģԴУ˵ү֪˶̫ҽȻļȴûжת˵ҽģκͤһҪȥ˿
κͤЩӲܼһλͬ⣬ͱ˵֤Ρ
ʰһѣκͤ˳һȥ
˳ү̬ȷǳã໥ά˼䡣
κͤû飬ֱ⡣
ҽҽҽжҪΪռ˽ⲡ״Ϣһжϡ
ϸϸѯʿүκͤȷӦǹĲ֢״
ִܼ򵥿Խҽѧȷȴû취κֻͤܿѧʶ;жϡ
ܿҩ֮ǰˢ֡
ҩκͤүĽʹòʱͺһѹ¡
ˣκְٰͤлҪԷκͤЦžܾˣţȻ˷
һ׮һκͤЩ
ԭû˰λүµЩˡ
Ϊμͼޣ˼Ҳ֪
κͤԼĥ˼գԭȿһݣ뻹ǷˣҪ
ȿһҩҩı֮κͤԴһʱյҩṩҩ
֮κͤʼɫѰ̣ҩܿõضãӲңκֻͤţϢ֪ͨ
æſҩ¥Ǳߵİȫ׺ܿ˻ܺڰ˴ͬѾĴˡ
κͤòܣΪûйţٵһӲ鵽ˡ
ྩؽ翪ļ-Ժ϶Ǻޱˡ
κͤûȢ⣬Ĺүᱻ롱ߣ˵ʲô¾ʲô²ܲӦ
ûȨûƵСϰǴƵλ
ʱеݾǺúܶ࣬κͤܲһ㡣
κͤȻӭҶ¶ᰴ˳ֺǩͬ
칦߰˱ʶ⹤ԭŮãҪˡ
κͤһˣиææýŴת
⵵ڣͳֳˡ
κͤԼûŪô£һԷʱ˵óû¶Գȥ߶߶档
Ǻ⣬κ֪ͤԼ費׽˼ŮӼ˲żܳȥֹЩųⲻȥʶ˵
˵ʱ򻹺úõģڶճ;ȥ㣬Ѿߵ˼вʶĹСͬȥκͤͦá
ͳȥ֮
ڼ䲻֪ʲô£ǿŻġ
һ˹ڷˤһӶ
κͤǰŽţžͱһѾ˹ȥ
ԺŽһ̨͡飡һˤڽűߡ
κͤƤ̧ۿȥһƬǽ塣
ˤĶˤˣϡﻩɢڵϣƿ豭Ƭѵõǡ
ſϿ޵üֱ
κͤ̾˸߹ȥʣôˣ
էȻ̧ף˫ᣬȻݣ˭ģȥ
κͤŪ˼Ҳɵޣʣ۸ˣ
˭ְ֪ϵıϴѵһ˳ȥһվŶκͤ˭۸ңκ۸ң۸ңȥվﰤҶöģ
κͤϵºɫûˡ
˳һۡ
Ƭ̺󣬿ڣٶκҡʵܣȻʲô뷨˵Ҿ㡣
κͤɫƽƽģ˿ϲŭ˵ͳȥˡ
һҹֲֿ˯ڶ˲
ǿԴ磬Ҫȥκͤ˲׼ȥֱֻȥͷҩץҩҩ˶˹ѹȣ͵ȥ
ҹȣڣڶ糿ǸȲˡ
ֺͼѾ߶ŷˣ˲ྶֱȥκͤ˹
κͤͷ̣Ӵҩ¶ȼƺҩ
һ38.5ȣŻǲϳҩκͤ䵭°ǿиιȥ
⼸ҩ֣ƽԸȺٸι֡ýˮȥ˵껰κͤҪߡ
æүô
κͤһЦҪ
Цһ¶ȶû䵭úܣֿľ
лҪ˵лл֧֡

030

ҩ, ºָܿڶգκͤ˼ιָðҩ
ҩֵú, ССԲԲһ, ִδ, ӳȥȺܿ죬Ҳͷˡ
ԵļҪԭװ, κͤҩʱҩʾһ仰, ҩǵǰܲǷ򡣡
κͤ, ľԭװ
óһιԣʣȵ
֮κͤȥ׽⡣
룬ȥ˰, ˡ
ôô, ϸţҲ˵, ޹ϵûӰ죬пޡ
κͤתæԼȥˡ
Ҫط, Ҫ, ֮ǰǸСλÿ϶ǾͲõġ
κͤԼͼֽ, ڱ߽ؽ
ƻԼһٸˣѵԺɺԱֳɼˣֹ, ЧʸߣӰ졣֮ģˣȫкͬ
κͤһһñʼƣȥִС
һκͤȱ˰ȵˣһ²СԺǱ߼๤
κͤϵ˵Ҫʶֵˣ
κͤˣҲʵʵ˵κүҪСӵףʶֵȴѣʲô˼ңٻѺС߶ȸţһϢͰΣ
κͤΣֻӦ£Ǿɡ
ȥˡ
ţκͤһѡַһѡһٸˡ
Ȱ彡ʮˣƷֱڿ켸ѡ½ȥˡ
ѡַһ飬κͤȥģһضͨ˵ˣκͤһҩԿҩǮ¶ʱڼʵ֡
κͤѹַԶ˱ΪκҾڱߣý㡣
󣬵Ƥˡ
̷֪κͤҪƼ˽ˣʡκͤ鷳ϵϺκͤԼƵͼֽһö
ֻϾܶˡ
һͷֻиæģκͤһʮ춼顣
ĶˣΪκͤԺˡ
ʱȥ룬ʱκͤһ糾մͷ
ʮղַκͤʽȴ֮С
ּЩ˶ӡ
ǿסˣ˸񣬿˵ үﱸ˾Ʋˣһͬȥ÷
κֱͤߵĽŲ£תͷɨһۣأȥźСȥɡ
˵ͽݡ
ִһв˵ˣˣ
Ժ
СѾϣкСѾͷѷһһȥһơ
䣬˵
̱پˣ˵Щ˭ﶼܵġ
û˵ɫ꣬һɫģ
ͷѾߺ֡Ҳתͷȥ
һ־
վ˵үôȥͷСѾͷ¡
ɫÿſų˵̣үǱ߲Ż˵æͲˡ
ֶ˶˫һ䦳ᣬǿһĮȻһվߵֽ̧СƷõǡ
æȥס̱Ҳ֪үæٿѾˣǹⲻġ
ַųݣʹ˸ɫ˰Ѷʰȥ
ѾĬԼȥˮźϴϴ
ЦЦƤ˵ҲôǺС㣬ʲôκʲôұüʲôķǲô˶ЦңΪʲôκͤ
ҵḶ́æȥ죬⻰ܻ˵ģ֪࣬ȻˣӶ˹ģ㿴үүƷԺãòҲʣ˼΢þЩȱ˲٣ﲻţǼˣ
е⣬šӰ˲ŻѣźϢųȥ
ڴϲδ˯ţȥµ¡
ÿ·һ鷨ͻᣬ֪ΪǸ鷨գÿ³ȥ£ֹ֪Լ㣬ĸۡвٹﶼμӼͻᣬÿһֻȥ
浵鷨ĺãʦԼ游ү˵ĺ
䲻˵ղ鷨᲻ŮӣĻӣŮһ㲻¶棬õȡҲš
ڳ£ǽ鷨
ϰһ㣬Ҫдֺã֮Ҫȥȥ£ΪԼ
һ棬һԻͲСԵԸ£ûһ㡣
ԼһȲϱˣƾʲôҪﲻˣҪ󷽷ȥ˲ɡ
Ǿȥˡ
ճ浵ûҪЩ緹ţÿ¶һ⣬ܷ˼ֲ֣ǸֻѾ߶ϸˡ
浹Ϊ˼⣬ǹβ׼鷨
Ѿ⿴ţһͰ
Լרŵ᷿ʱԼ裬ˮѾյụ̀ٴСϥ
̧׿ˣڣã
㣬
⸣󣬱ȹ¡
ֱ豭ںãʼִ衣

ҡ
һ˶һں󣬳£˵ջá
ݸ
һ裬ؿԲãá֮ұԵĶֵһᡣ
ˣЩҪ㡣²豭תԱóһСӡ
ƹȥ
һһͷ棬ģһһΣһԶһ֧
ε֮жǴӷ˺ʯȡϡ
¶ϲɫ˾͸ҵģ
һ
ʮȥ£¡صļȴʱ£ֻܷһƣüһˣʵס
浱ȳ浴һ񣬵ʱܼҾ˾˾Ѱһʯ˸浴һͷ
⵱ʱ˵С˵Լʱ֪˾ҲͲ
û뵽ˡ
ϲȴ˵ˣôȥĸѾ˶ġ
촽΢üЦõãպðɣ˾˾ĸһƬ⡣
ҲܼⱲûŮʮֳ谮á
Сʱʮѩɰܷ˻ҲʲôѧʱСΪǾ׾˾ˣеñ˭ȡ
ϸˡ
浽ճһǰⶫ͸ʳĽ֪ƢԴ׷šԣ
ɺԸκͤ¡
ĩˣѣãҪ̬Щ£˾Ƿˣ˾Ǵˣη߷߲ƽͽհˡ
⾲ĬƬ̣죬Ҫ˵ʲôȴֻһվ߰ɣȥ㡣
˸ԾǮڷǰ
ôɣʶˡ
һҲҹͬ⻹ЩԨԴһͬѡġ
ԭ֮ǰү׿ڸ⣬ᱻָ̫̫Ҫúñ֡
ƫƫͳ⡣
ûɲ֪ѡΪˣҲ
浵Ȼȥִ񣬵
һ顣
ЦʮᣬԭǳͳԣӦýκˡ
Ա߻վűҵС㣬⻰ϸϸЦ
浽ЩֱֱһȦڣ֪ληЦ
ʳεķ˱ˣѵԼЦ޵ò⻰һоѵС˵ġ
Ц˲˸ưͿ֪ˣʧ˽
Ȼ浻˳⣬ɳеĺȫ˳
俴߸ϰ°ͣԵõЦԼ۾ͬͱġ
вηƽ
ԭһиģһõǰ̡
ΪЦ
˼ңκͤ󣬳⳹ױʧ̬
ڴϻǱڳ·ĵεΡ
֮һ⽻õĹ˽ͬ˵Сǹ⣬Ȼˣֻǰ˭Ưòû˲ϲģֻҪ¹κλ㲻ɣӲ˭ò
ס仰ȴȫһȥ
ǰŸ߹ĳþɫգκͤθ۸ԼʲôκͤϲԼǷάֵסǸòȻļ
ЦһЦĿԴ
лҪ˵лл֧~

031

ڶ, ú磬ѾźϴС۲, ɫѰ, ۾ûк, ·Ĳ١
緹Թ󣬳⺱һ䣺үˣ
ʶ˶, Żش𣺡ǳȥˣǻЩء˵, үƺ׼һҩɫλõض, Ҫˣֲ
˵һ䣺ô
ǰڸʱҲҪ˵ģܷ˵Ҳ̹浺ͳ֮
丮ۡõĻ, ̫̫߶иԳ޾ʹ㷿, ȱģҴҵ, Ҫ˵ĵط࣬ʱʱҪ׼Ų䡣
ѾСӶЩӻֻѡүߵСѾ, ͷѧһȥ
ÿÿĹء
κͤûôི, ˻źԼ, ¶ʲͬҪͲͬ
ֻҪԭԴС
ӽôջ˵֮ǰҲǴӲһκͤµġ
ǵطѰô, ۾ûʡ
ǻûУүһֱǲ飬æء
һͲˡ
ǽϵĹһһۣŵС֣˵·ǰո˰ɣ·ƾǳ¹λС㣬֮ǰλȻûȥ
Ѿˣǰӹ˵ʱںãʫ硣
ҲһϿһۣ˵ǺգҪȥô
ͷǵҡ
ʻ˵ǣ̡˼Ӻ˵̣ҪҪүһȥ
ⲻ֪ʲô۾תתһڵĹ⣬̶Цá
ת۾͵ʫӡ
⴩һӷ۵ȹб죬Ƕ䣬ں䶼˾µ·һ˴Լá
ɴ˿ͳˡ
Цۣ˵̴ʲôÿҲûһܱȵϣᱡɫۣʺʱڡ
īҲͷ˵ǽǱʱ˵ĿʽҪݣͤŲźÿ̴ûƯˡ
˵ǳԶ˲ɣ𡣡Цһ¡
īŽԩ˵ʵ̻ҪȤ˭˵ȥǵôЦһƬ
˺˲ˣʱ磬һԼһͬߣùȥˡЦ⣬ʣ׺ˣ
һ׼ãţ̲ġ
˵ξֽͶҳš
Ӧ¡
ǳĹкѣҲǸȰҪǰҪĻԹ޵ˡعǰҲˣУͬһȥ
סԶЩȹȥҺ飬ˣһǰһüѾںͷ
иƻʹչȥСԺ˵ܲܰһæ
ʲô¶˵
˵һ
鿪ͷ⣬ˣһЦѾͷҲˣˣκӸ
⸧ӣ˵ҲһŰ·Ҳϣ϶Ǽ⣬˽ܰңұԩ޳ĺιڴˣҳƫ⣬αٲ⣬ұҲáκͤ˵
һЦҪκ㲻ǣѽЩѾͷڴһء
ü۵ʹ۲תÿɷ
ڽߵƵ˵ط
һͬźСѾȥ
ʫʵǳ·ģиŮ֮ͣǰ˵Ӳãż߶ʮ壬ܳͣ˵ߣҷ˾ŮʶʶЩѧŴһЩ
·Ʋ֪ʲôģͷһ͸ӣλͷһϡ·Ϊαʱ²Լһ˶Ҫһա
ĵãԼнڷ
ͺ鵽ʱһ԰Ѿֿ
˵ԭʲôе̵˼ңиŮǶӲԹûϲҲЩƮƮȻ
ʫ˲Ůͺʱ򣬲Ŀⶼ䵽˳ϣ˻Żָ糣
ôģϻǲ¶ʲô
һЦ̵ĳ·ƶЦȥк˵˭٣ҪһƵġ
⻰һԱ˸壬£ˣһһյźãȻҰ׵ˡ
ʮֺãůů⣬
ҰڵϯͬˮϯЩƣҲǻεģΧһȦûиһСӣҲûӹͣŮӵʫ硣
ЦһΪ⣬ҲЦȱȣǲɡ
һһһһ˵һЦ
Ѿߺܿ˾
Ⱥ̧׸䣬ִͽߣ΢΢ͷһȫ˽ȥ
Ц˵֣¶ǣ
ʫ֣ݶǴͬС죬޷ЩɻǼʫʸ踳֮ࡣ
ľҪȾơ
ղ֪ô˵ʶ࣬Ҳ࣬ǹʺ˲پƣһһûһϾ糺һƬڵӽˮ⣬롣
ڳԱߣЩģС˵ˣôЩ֣֦ôǰͣˣ
ꡪ˾ƣȴϿȥǰˣһЦ˼ҲҺôҲ֪˼ĪģѾöؼκͤȥˣ·ƽ˴ȥϴʱ˵ҷϸ˵ģѾߴЩκͤһȥġ
ԥҿ·ûģαطҪգ˲ӿôˣ
ЦΪ⣬ں˵ģգǸ׳н֪·ƼǺҶˣĳұضҪԸѵŻѧԲǡ
оǺȶֹС
ʱȻ·˵ҿκǺȶҽѾߴȥϴ¡
˵ͷһԵֽæţȻҵѾ߳Ժӡ
һ棬˷Ը𼱻ϣҵκͤȾ˵үȥȾ̣˽ӻɣ̽۸ˣ˺öƣϻӣ
˵öᣬ㡣
κͤסȻڣˣ
⼱òУǵүȥ̰ɣ
κͤɫҲ޶仯ãǰ·
ءһ·ɿ죬κͤˡ
лҪ˵˼ˣ

032

һֹ, Ժϻᷢӣʱֵⷢģ֪, û˭͵ǰ
, ʱ䰵سһ, ϻ˲پơ룬ȹһ, ֢״ˣضԡ
ٽ˿, һ㣬Լ뵽·ͷϡ
ܿ, κͤͶ⵽
ŷһʣ˵Ǽκүӷģ˾û˸
˫ַǰ, ·ɿ, ڲǰ·
ʫᣬ԰ȸػؿˡ
һһ˵Ǿǰ, үţҺֽȥ̳
ͷСŮ, κͤ϶ȥ
˸վһС, һɽ, ɽһ˵ʲô
Ҫߣȴ˼ƺ˵⡣
ֻһ˵ǸκˣԭС㣿
԰ÿ, Ƶġһ
˵ǸһһʮֲмƯʲôãͶ̥ȻŮҼ޵ú˼Ҳ㱾£ɷġλκˣ˵˭Ե̫̫СڰʫỨᶼϡӶˡ
һ˲˵Ƕ.Ϊλ
ԷЦΪʲô뿴Ц¡
죬˵ˣûˣ
֪֪ˣɻȥ

һϡϡĽŲ֮ʧ
޺޵һ½ţЩûصĶұ̣̫񻰣
κͤüͷ壬˼Ǹ
⿴κͤһۣҧŴ˵ԭҲǳ߶ģЩûصˣͲ󰮳ˡ
κͤΣ̧ţ߰ɡ
Ŷǣ
԰Ӻ󣬶һ˽ȥˣ˵˴ȥԺǱ߻ѡ
κֻͤҪڹȥˡ
ͬʱһߣų·ƵѾһ䷿䡣
Ѿ˵ȥˮͽˡ
һߣ͸ֽ˵ȥʲô
ֽϣûˣ뿪
Զ˼仰ٴηԸȥ𵢸顣
ֽҧҧȥˡ
Լһʱ䣬ͷнŲװְ̫Ѩϡ
һŷ֨ⴹƤ۾У´¿һ˫š
˵Ľţ
Ц˵·ƿңһ.ɫ
ޱ侲⻽һֽ
һסţû˲ǰߡ
Ȼ˾͵ʱͳˣ۾ᶯͶ˿
ԺһСӣƽүǶȵģ֮ǰͻȻ·ƽȥ˷Ը˵˵ʱԺȥȥһˡ·ƵѾ߸ŮһСӣӣҪһѵָ˵Է˵ŮӣҪ˿Ҳضš
˾͹ˣＴʹ£̰·ƸǮò׵ĳ⣬ɫĶ𣬾Ҫǰˡ
էȻЦۣɲǣ̧һֻһϸķĭ˵ϡ
漴조㣬㡱Ȼһεڵء
ֽͻˣһߺޣŸղǸѾߣѾͱסˡ
ҾƵģݺ˵Ķ£ҷűˣѾͷСϵĲ⣬ҵҩĲֽˣ˵תһƣǱ軹ڣͶѾǿڡ
ɫ䣬ŵǸҲιЩ
̣
£˶˼ϵĲˮ
ȥ֮ǰֽ޺˱סֽŵѾߵԼܡ
˵ת뿪źݺݹϡ
ȥһ䡣
ϵĺȫˣȥӶ⣬ͷѾ߽źҡ
ֽæȥˡ
һѾˣ⼸ô£˳ӣæȥչˣˮźȥҩ
ֽͶ棬κͤҪϽȥӳ⣬һϢԺȥ
ʱ·Ҳʱ䣬żԾƳԵ˵СǣЦ˵ߣͬһͬȥ
У߰ɡ
ѽճԶ˾ơ

·ǰͷ߽ȣ˵һϲ£ӿ˽Ų߽һš
ſڣҪȻסˡ
ֻڣһλʾ׵ӣһֱųһִ䴩Ὣᱧ
ȫԾ˵
κͤûԲȥüͷ
ֽһ¡ѽһɿ߹ȥ Ҽ̲֪˶ȫ˺ӣ³¾ͻȥүҼ̻ȥ
ſڼŻκͤĳ⣬¶СһһС񣬿ȥء
Ҳڣûɿ˵˾䣬ǿȥɣ𵢸˲֢
ֻг·ɫȥ֪ʲô
˺ȻʶڣԱȥӵס
κͤų⣬뿪
Ǽһˣ˳˳.һԱߣӣ˹˵ߣȥһ
ǰ߼һƿš
ȴһ˲˺ȻһļС

˲ԣתͷȥ
ȴʮֲĿģй֮£֮
Сȫʧ
·ƻ˹ȥһûιȥ
һֻһ뷨
ˣ

033

κͤų, Ѿ߾ڳԯԱ߲ȥ
ϵĺӷøԼúܣ־쳶, Ҫȥץ, κͤһ°ֲֻһס, һֻȥ°ͣüϵĺ
ץ˱һ, κͤ˵ˣԵʲô
ߺ˵, ԽסԽҶ, ΪҧͶҪ
ץûһκͤʮΣˣȾ, ֪Դʲô
ֻתͷֽ, ҹ綼Щʲô
Ѿ߾Ϳ׶ˣ, ɿһʳ
ĬһκͤʣǹǰûзӣճԵĶʲôǴǰûԹģ
ֽһ, ˵˵ʱҲһκ, ֪ԭ򡣽׼Щʳ, ֻһֹûԹġ
κͤʣǰƣ
һ˵ŻΪܲʵҶҲĴ, κͤ㱧סץԼץƤ˫ֻԼϣֺһ䣬𶯣ܿͺˣȥҩ
ͷѾ죬ֻԼˡ
ﻹŻʱȥ߶μᣬЩƣġ
һʱߴڽʣһʱʱӵͳİο֮
Ѿֻһȥ·ϵĸ֨
˼ңκͤѳⱧȥţֱߣһѾȫͷҶ࿴
ѳڴϣκͤԸȥˮҹԡ
ʻīѾͷ漴æܿԡǱѾ׼á
κͤ˱ȥѾ˽ҽҩ˹óһīɫҩۣѾ߰ѶŽˮϴ衣
úͳȥˡ
īֽ˰ϴ裬ýɾѣϡ
϶һһŵĺէЩˣ̲ס˵ôôʹӣöܡ
īҡҡͷ
ѣͷ˸ɣʵˣΪûͷЩ۾¡
Ѿ߽ãⲻϸǱӣ˵ȣ˵ܡ
κͤһѾ
ȥιڴر£ҨһӣȫϺȣȥˣߡ
Ѿˡ
⡭һΪվ
κֽͤҩ˹
ʸѾʹɫһȥ
˲Ͱκͤ£۾ų⡣
Ҳʪˮ۾κͤ
κֶͤҩ룬һӽһ˵ôҲ֪ɿڡˡ
ܾúԣ̧°ͰԴƫһߡ
ȣκͤһ´ıأײһ졣
Ѻȡ˾Ʊƽܶ࣬üң߸ϡ
ѺȡκͤЦЦ漴ɫǱպٺȾơϲˣ룬ܸҩ
ձϴҩֹЧģһʱģЧûôԣҪǷֹϴʱץ
±κͤһѣ˲;
һĶκͤͳ׼ץ
ϴֻ˶Ƕ£ͷҲʪɢš
κͤ·һЩ¶ϸ۰Ƥ˱ۣͷ۵ذá
ҲЩȡҨҩ֭͵͡
޷üˡ
һһףײȫιꡣ
ÿࡣüͷȫšһ
κͤ˵ģʣѾôܣ
ڴϣҲֱֱͦģĸһʪĹ⣬ϻش𣺡ûܡ
κͤ˾Ƶ磬ҩһԣ˵ܾ˯˯˾ͺˡ
˵վ׼ߡ
ⲻˣһץס·ܡˣģԵòС
κͤҪ֪ĶԸ񣬵ҲȷԼܲܿסջ
ȥʣô˾Ͳߣ
С̬˾ƶڣͺ۾ţһûвҩͷҲûɡ
κͤ۾Ȼ˭
Цˣκͤ
κͤˣЦЦ֪һҸҩ㲻ô
ҪƽҪ䣬һ߲ʵĸ󻨣䵭Ҳûãƾͷ糺죬ӳһһ飬е⡣
⻹һۣҩ
κͤ˵ĪϱǷġ
аǸҽϸҩ¡
һšҩӣָٳһţһֻų°Ͱ̧̧źλһһͿĨ
ҩɫģͿȥϵܿͽ
۾
ͿˣҲͿˡ
ֻҲ˳ݰװ׵ĸʣĳаɫ¶ȥ
κͤɫ䣬һĨҩ
ˣȱһҲκͤ״ƿЦʡ
Ҫȥ·κͤһҰɣȥѾ߹˵߷ҩͳȥˡ
⵭Ȼ´ϵָŴһЦ
ﻹã⣬ѵúܣ˵鰴ԼĽУҲʵⲻ
һӵܣʽſ˸ҩ
һϾûô˯á
κͤڶûųţһڷҩһΣõĸҩͿͿˡ
κͤûڷ˵ѾģҪ뿪˿ڽһӡ
κͤһ㶡
Ѿ໥˼֮󣬸˳ȥ
Լ˳
ӻϵĺûȫȥࡣ
˰񣬡յллˡ
κͤһۣ˵طϣԼǴ򣬾ı£æ
ŽΣǳǳһͬ緹ˡ
κͤòع˹֣ˣǱ߻Ҫæ÷ˡ
ָ˽
κӡͻȻС
κͤȻ̧ۿȥ
֪֪ʲô£ĵıεúܡ
κͤɫ䣬ƽʲô¡
Ӻ󣬳һ¶ϵӣκͤȥȥ
κͤͷҲصˡ
泳ܣκͤȥּҴҽ˵šҵС̡һ棬Ƶģаֳܺӣ仰ԾҲȥ
˼ӺĿڣ̣ղǡ
ⴹƤȻ緹ûʲôġ
죬˰첻֪˵ʲôɴ಻˵ˡ
κͤѾϰ˳ӣţǱ֪ͨ˵һСӣʶֶҲ飬κͤȥƲƵϡ
κͤÿգ˳ȥˡ
Ӻ飬κָָǰһˡ
κͤſ˹ȥͿŲͨ࣬ɾ
Ӽκͤɫûв⣬͸ܣ⺢ʮ꣬ǰǸ˼үߵС˵ģүѧ˼֣ɾã˸ķˣתͷ˳ϸû⣬κΣ
κͤд˼˱һҳ˼⣬Դ
Уˡ
öӰСӵκͤǰ󣬾ʹˡ
κͤǹҳ˵Ǿ仰ͶĶ˵ȥȥһ׮£ǹڡ
˶ԶＸ䣬ͷ£ӦκͤһЩͭǮһ̾Զˡ
лҪ˵~

034

κͤСԭ־ͽж, κͤͼţûи˼Ҹ
˷Ըš緹ԴҴææɻ, ͻˡ
ү, ūŴϢˣ
κͤûʲô, ʣôȥϢģ
ͷɵػش𣺡ūԭȵѧϹѧ, ūžʶٱҵС, ˼ҳЩ˵֪µһЩ´šͷȥ̽̽, ЩȵѾСӣˣЩǮƣҲ䡣
κͤЦЦ, ˵ԺԳūš
˸ͷ, κͤ⣬ſʼ˵Ϣ˵˴ڼҾٰʫ, ˸ҵĹС㡣ȴ˵ãȥȲˮѾ, ˭֪һ, ԭ͵ǵȹ֮¡Щװ׵Ĺ￴, ȫȻûС͵͵ȥǰͷˣҽ˵Ǹͷ̫̫źȥЩһҼû˵ǣĻΪ޵ĹԺǼ޲˼, ˭ԸͬԺ˲ɾ˼ҽס
κͤʣЩȥĹأӰ졣
صȴ֪̫̫Ǽɵ¾ôֱȥ˼Щ˾˲ʲô£˵ȥ˻˵Ự˼ֻţƫƫⷬɣЩ˼Ҫˡ
κͤƬ̣˵˿ɲһɵһζһòٻЩ˼ҿȻҼǺϡ
ҷ˼Ѱ˼żѾ˵ףҲһۣͬ˵Ļˣ˶˼ټ֡
һŮǶʲλ²һˣܶˡ
κͤңȰ鶪ֻ뵽˵Ǿ仰
Ե޹ʳһӣ˾ƣöֱκͤ˵ǳڷɻһֱ䡣
κͤŵľһ֡
ʱȥ˵ʱѾѣʱĳ»ûǲԼȥһʲô·ڳϣ
κͤ³˳Զ˵ȥͷ˵һȥԺֽͶй
үȥˡ
ֽܿͶǰԺ
κͤϺȲ裬ȿֽƽֽ˵ҹʲô¡
ү⡭ֽһΪֹģ
κͤһڲ裬ûƽȴĿǣ˵ա
ֽ˸£ԥԥǽɿ˵һ顣
ҵλ̣δʱͬЩʲô£ȴ㺦̣Ҫүȥ磬Ĳ롣
κͤɫ
ԽݣҲԼҶԼһû񣬶ûʲôڣйڣҲǰôֶһСϵɡ
κͤ˻Ѿ߻ȥˡ
漴ԶϹһҼ˼Ҳ˵ǡ
κͤ˶٣ȴһЦκҲʲô˼ңںЩ⼸㶢棬Ҫֻ˵ʶȥͺãЩҲ£Ƭ׵ģ˶࿴ֺˡ
ǵģүӦµü졣
κͤ׮£æԼȥˣһһ̯ӻ
ǱѾˣֻһ¾깤ʱٵܳճһСĹģ
һͣ׼ڳҩȴճ̡
ЩӣɫһȽϺõĵضΣκͤȥ
λòȻҲơԭǸСĲׯ濪һĶ¥ׯ⽥ûôˣѾǿȥǰվתˡ
ñκͤϣκͤ˵̵Сʣֿ˿⻷֡İ嶨£ǩ˺ͬ˰
涨ãװ⡣
κͤҩŪһִҩģʽֻҩ
һԼҩԼҩóģƤʼ࣬ðҩθҩƹĲĽʹͼЧҩҲкöˡ
һҩٿһҩƷǰȫףҺϴ¶ЩҲ԰Ȼһҩ
κͤҩŪЩһпЧ
Ϊصһİг˺öңһҵ﷢һְĴʯ
ȻǴûӹҵˡ
ϾǹŴûдשذשֶκͤԼĴгʵﶼľľҾߵĵطʱ˽ʲôש
ͨ˼ҶغƽУǮ˼ҲŹʯңѹʯ壬̵ʱƽϵ̺ͳɡ
κͤңһ￴һѴʯ顣ǴСһҪ̵صĻҪһ¡
һʯȫ£ϰǸʵˣκͤôҪ˵ְɫʯûϲͨķǵطõĺʯ塣
κͤ˵ްע⵽ЩɫĴʯʵǺĴףе·ֻڿŲࡣ
κͤа취ʯȫ󣬸ǮҰӹ˽һĥࡣ
ϸ˺κͤȻؼˡ
ڶһ磬κҴǰȻһųѵӣȻţܿһƲϵ
ҵˣһҹۿ˵͵ĻɫǼ˽±Ե˼ˣκǰԼ˸Ҳ
ʹ˸СѾͷȥţ˰գŲ򿪡
ŵСǱ˵ģ˷˵Ļ˭˵ǵӷԸġ
˰һţ͵Ƥʣ˭ʲôãŲߣûصĶ
ŵѾ߻ûھͱ˻ȥһӾͱסˡ
󣬲ߺߵ˵ϵģҼ̫̫˵ܾˣصЩ
ŵСӷһۣʲôģҲҼҴţĪƭӰɣ
˵һӽŸˡ
Ѿ߳һңȣͷȥһԹ˵֣κҼֱ֪
ɫǳá
˼ҲţҲֻתͷȥòš
һĶš
䲻ղǰСƵһ꣬Ҳһﲻ⣬һûǷֻһ䣺šѵһؽŹϡ
ֵ˰ʱֳ֣һŷ죬¶˵ϴ˼ңү˵Ҽҿûʲô˼ذɣ˵ٴιš
˴գ˾֮˵ʶֱҪ죬ʲô취Ҳֻܴһˡ
ѾȥһҪǰú˵κҼ仵
κ
ʣү˰Ҵˣ
ֽأˣǼ˲֪Ļǻ˵ģԱһ䣬үһԸˣǣһʹˣ
Ҳ˵Ҳӣֵ¼ҽףɼһ˽һţޣûôӰ˴ȥ棬Ǽҵʲôʲôüţ˭أ
˭ϡǣǳһζ
лҪ˵лл֧~

035

𾴱, ԷûͺܲҪκͤ׼
κͤûʹǸӿ˵̬ȣ˵˾ǲκͤκҷ
˿ŮʱҲô۸ˡ
κ֮ͤǰûⷽ, º뵽, ׳Ϊλ, ȻǨŭҲпԭκҽ˳ݵλ, ʶ
˵κͤҲͦ޹ġ
κͤ˳˱ŸҶԴ˺, ȴû취
κͤæȥָװҩȥˡ
κͤɫϵĴʯھһϵд֮, ùޱȣʮϲˡ
֮κͤųɶѴСһ°ĥƬ̵̣, Сиͺǽ, ȡһ컨嶼ϰɫʯשȻ컨۰ס
ӵһ
Ϊ, װ޵Ĺ̾ͼӴ٣Ч, ͷ, κͤҪȥ鿴๤ָ
üûκͤ, Ѱ˼ҸڣɵĺܣκҴʱˡ
һʲҩ
Ѿ߰˽òˮдš
һѾȥѰκͤһԼζֳ˵
ʵɿ, λɩɩɺ֮Ļ
κκλƯ߹ĵϱвڣҲû⼸棬ĵ׶СŲҵԴͣЩܳ
ʲôҪԸģ
˵ʵκͤκҵ¼һ㶼֪ΪΪκͤһʼֶԸȥκͤ¡
κͤ׼ҩˣҲʹѾһ䣬پľͲ
κ˵ﵹûʲô£ֻҿǹΡҪۼҩ԰ҩݳһʸС͹
һѹ֪κһҩ԰
ֻ˾Ҫ.κֵͤҪװһװӡ
Ǹˣκͤȫ֪ȴֺ¶࣬κ˵ʱû飬ȻȻģһβҩ
κҲ˵׼˵ͬҩݴ򽻵ʮֲ꣬ȴǵһأû׼ôûŪֻ׵֣ǵһĻû졣
ܹŽˣֹլͷЩƣǹ˹ܼҵȣֶβδعܵ
˵ضѧʡ
Ըµ˼Һͱ󣬱˵ܼңԼļױһصסԺһܲ£Ҫ۸
ųЩ֪ñ˭ܷŮǻǴСЩ˵ŮҵĹأ黭䣬һһСԺЩ¶ǴСģĿȾᡣ
ʶһŮӣ˵ĿɱκκλӶˡ
˶治һ
Ҳ֪׻ǰԼ֪£κҺκͤ£ȫ˵˳
ʵһԼģŵڲ֮Ĳ
һ˵˼ͨ˼ҿЩŹҴ帻˼ңܿǮơ
ʵĽģ޷˼ҵĸС
ӳԴסϣиûʵĸۡܳɽ亣ζ޳У
ЩϵĶ׿ǳϵĶ
ʵϣǲ֪ģ׿ġŵڽ۽ʶȡͨպϲʿ֮޴
˲׿
ⲻѴ֮ͽκֵܿ͸͸ģֵܻʦãȻֺ֪Ǻǣ˵һֵһС¡
Ǵ˿κͤڵĻͻ֪ԼûгΪκͤ¼κңȨĿ»ǳ⣬Ͽ϶ס⡣
㲻Ϊһ겻󣬿òԸݣΪǻᱻ۸Ǹ
ΪʲôκΪѵΪԣȻǣܷҲ̲
ΪûܵΣգҲӲΪԼһκҡ
жɿɲ졣
ܷ˻ΪڹзЦܷڳǰϦ̵̹ţͻã
δ
ԼܷҲδĹκ۸
κκ˵յĻκͤͻˡ
·Ź
磬硣
κȳܣҩһҾͺͶһ͹ˡ
֪ĳֶ֪ˣκͤҲͷѾߵȳȥˡ
κͤλֳ˵ҷǰԺˣ磬ҩݿܲ
κκ⻰ܸˣ˵Ҳ˵ãɺãүͷԡ
κͤ˵ҲôδζдܣȻȥһţԺͲ˼ҵˡͷСͻһЩҲҪҪ˴ֵģô
κκκͤ룬ˣУһȥ˵һ֪˿϶ˡ
κͤ˳˷ҪҪڳ죬æ˵ã˵ﻹҪæκͤûҩݵǮǣǰκ֪ͤĲɵ߼۸ġ
κκǾŴ˵ôࣿǴǰյҩݱǮأ
κͤžˣԺҪںģǾ͹һңǮʡ
κͤô˵˾ͲֻԽܵĶÿ϶ΪĹġ
κͤ˲ҩǮ˶ʮЩȥھǣڶ߾ТǶ˴磬дɩɩЩûȥ￴ŸЩ
ѽ⣡⡭ôҪСôǮֵһֲҪ
κͤǺߵһЦ缱ʲôǸģⶼ೤ʱûȥˣҲֻǮϲһǰûʱǵ͸ţһ˼ƽô
κͤ⻰˵ʵижܵûŰǮˡ
һţκһҶھǳģúܣκͤ˼ȥţ֮˲תǻȥˡ
Ǳ߻ڶκͤղȥˣҲ˼ҡ
û뵽ǰԺ
κͤȥʱԼÿ쿴дʱĴϡ
κͤɫһ£
Ѿ߳ȥѷѹµһŷ˳
ʮָܷܷ̲𿪣۾κͤ˵һš
κͤüһôģ˵ʲô
ͷƫȥˣŷһߣֻһ׸Լɡ
κͤ߹ȥִŷ⣬ֽ
ݲ࣬κͤһоͿܿ쿴ꡣ

Щͷۣϲʶ֣һϿκдġ
ͷҳǹôκͤûУʲôʱӣ˵Ѿ꣬Ҳˡ
κͤһĹû˵ͷ۲֪˵ʲô
ԼĹϵûôҲӰŶʮѡ
κͤ˰üģ˵㲻عˣ
ȴһЦλվߵκͤǰļ́ܽͷ˵ȰŸң˵һظŵģҾͻˡƵᣬŹҵ塣
κͤ˶񣺡ʲô
һûһµذԼķԷʣҸûʲô
ΣκͤˣûҪģһ
κͤ뷨ʵûҪߴЩκҵĺӲ٣κɩкκɩһһŮﶼĸˡ
ʶҲû̫£ţ´λȥϾͺˡ
һͿмϤ飬ھ͹һ䣺ʲô飿
һ˵һ߰˳
κͤǻ֮ǰ׼⿴ġ
׹ԼǺ岻˳ģͷˣ⼸͸
ı飬κͤ̾Ҫϲȥɡ
ȴƤɫǰƣҲ
κͤÿɷ񣬲ǿ
˸ѣѾˡ
κͤĵ̾һµװ޲ãȫɡ
ʮƽףȫ˹ĴʯùࡣĿǰüܣֱ
κͤϲȱǮÿ촰ˢµҩܵҲʮˡʱűںãֱͿԡ
Ȼⲿҩ۸񶼲ƣͨ˿²Ǽ趼
ҪǸҩĹӣʵһʼκͤЩò׼ע⣬Ϊҩǳ࣬ȫðȫ
ʦź͵Ľ飬ֻѡ˳õʮ
ҪЩ˺֢Щκͤһ㣬⼸ֳ֤״ǿԵġ
ҩƷڷŵĶ٣λþͿŴ󣬸ɾ͸
Ҳκͤصػͼֽġ
᲻Ǹʱ´һɫɫͰɫʯˡ
ʮֵĿ
жúãǻûҵΪȱԱ
Ҫҩ﹤öҩҩƷãż۸ˣҩ߾һҪץҩ
Աù͡
κͤһеĽĸѾͷĻ˵»

036

ҵԱҪκͤһҩ, ˵ƷиҪأõ÷, һ
κͤûⷽѡ, ȥʦǱ, ˵û˿Խܡ
źԼֻСͽܣ˵ûС
źͽκͤʦ˵ʱ, ۾ɵôģȥǷκͤ, ƺʦԼͳȥ
κͤЦֻȻȥˡ
˺ӿҵ, ҩԼȹţԱҡ
ϰߣÿҵκͤ˰ѶõҶȥ˻
ҩﶫðȫ
Ҳ֪κͤæ̵, ˸, ϯҪڼġ
κͤһʱûعζ, ʣʲôϯ
һ⻰֪СǰûŹ¡
ǾЦ˵ү̫̫ǱߴȰŵ, ү, ҩһ׮ϲ, Ѱϲ¶ҪȾƵġ
κͤ׹ڣǰ˵ֻԼ£Զû˵, ԭͲ׼Щġ
ֿЦãܲģλ̫̫ţ£ʶûʲôʱơ
λùùˣҿҩ꣬ҲδţĶ֪ˡκͤ죬ʱ˶
ֻ˵ү˵ЦˣٲţҲжġѵȻã˹ųԾƣ»Ϊǿˣд뷨
ˣκͤƬ̺˵Ȼˣæͷٳһۼߵýݲ࣬űƾ͹λùãһλʦŰǡ
ǻ̡
κͤˣһһ¡
ͳһ£Ǯһֱû
֮ǰκͤҪ
޵κҺϵ´ﵽ⣬һһûùκҵġ
Ҳ˵κͤûӣϸ뷴κմܶƭӡ
ָκͤ˵͵£κͤ鷳⣬ûи˼Ǯ
κҲûһ˻ԳõԼġ
˵˸ϲǢ˿һˣ¶ΣκͤҪϲеĳƺš
ʵôϺ⣬׵ңŵڲ󣬵һұضռñˡ
κ˵κͤҪȢĲǳ⣬ˮƽԲã˿֮ǰκһǰ²ܳһ˼ҡ
⻹ĸı䣬ľͲ˵ˡ
Ȼ뵽һ磬κͤ˵ҩһæȥһҪ취
κӶ£תͷϺκλɩɩˡ
κɲԸ߶κκڸһӾͷҩ԰ϣŮûʲô±һˡ
жûСӣҲô
˵ףڰԭԼסլӸסٶһ
Ҳûǰ˵һϻЦ̽
ǰһģκĸҲȫ˹꣬С꣬һԺˡ
ųӣû˸
Ϻӣ֮ǰԼ򽻵ﶼ˹
ְơ
ˣⲻһ֡
ЩˣͲܽ
֮
ϺκɩɩڣҲҪ˵ʲô
ôѾӣȱкˡ
ֺŪһ죬һֱŰѿȫߣԺӴɨɾ
ϱϾţϱǸųȥҲ̲סҪŵס
ϯɢСѾݲҽ塣
ϣų⣬ȼźѾ߳ȺּƯȹͷϲҡ죬һʱͷЩˡ
ָϱڼʹһ·㡣ˣҲŪЩ
ȴûЦЦ˵᣿ˣѾźûвġУЩҵ֮ġ
ϸˣ⻹Ҷ죬ŵĻ˵ˣ˵СغãҿѧҲã
ɫȻϱòãѵˡ
һӣҲڵʱǲҲģϱٿⶼ޽꣬ﻹû֪ܲ
о˶ˣڿ³˵ĻӲҲ˵ܻȥ
ǰѵκɩɩҲĻ˵ڳⲻײͻˡ
ܲˡ
۾ﵱ⡣
κͤʱˣνһ䣺
Ҳ˲پƣȥϢɣѾϽȥһ롣
ʮƫСӣǰ첻ߵʱ򶼳Ÿ˵ڡ
һֱ͵κͤȢϱϾⳤ˸ɫģҲͲԸκͤǰ̱⣬
ֹ˻ͷκͤĻѾ߳ȥˣﻹֹġ
κɩκɩɩ״Ҳʶسã˵ȥչ˺ȥˡ
һߣ˪ĳֱֱתȥڷ
κͤͷۣ˻ѾǶ뿪Լȥȥ
κͤһ䣬ͼٴڿޡ
ǵǷ˲ˡ
ˣ۾޻ģҸⲻвУòԣ˵ҵûˡκͤ߹ȥ
˵ãһ˵⽫һ˫޵øס
κͤϾǸˣǸֵڴ󲿷˵Ư
˻Щôһ㷨ϵܹϵ
ʹãκͤ׶Գرί޵ʱ
֮κͤʱﻹɣûҪǿԺɣ˭Ҳ˭
ðɣޣҵĴôôòãҶӦ㣬Ҵȥ棿κͤû̹Ůѣûк˵ľ顣
˻ſһκͤۿģȴʹ˵˭ҪĵǸǺÿҲùͷҲǲǸȥ֮˵۾ˣ
κͤһйײǽǰƵģæһ׽ס˵֣˵˵׼Ҷ˵ʲôĲǣ԰롣
ޣſֻ־ץκͤ·ϡ
κͤκֻͤ
ֹ˰գ侲֪³ˣſ֣˵Ѿߴˮ˵ıġ
κͤЦ£漴Ѿߣź⣬˵ҳȥһ¡
κͤҲ˿˳ԷоȥǰԺϴ˸衣
϶ǲסǰԺġ
Ϻκɩɩڶ᷿Ϣأ֪κͤͳַ˯˵á
ʶϴκͤͻԺڷ
ʱѾɢͷŲ֪κͤǿҲ
κͤ͵˵һ䣺ܷ˯


037

Ƥ, Ŀ潾赭д⡣
ô˵ǴӦˣӿñ컹, ˵һǲܵġ
κͤЦ, ܸƽ, ĳȥ
κͤϴͷĿ»ǰɵ, ˯Ҫ˸, Լֲͷ
ʾһ䣺òҰү
κͤ˰֣, Լȥ°ɡʾ͸ˡ
ӾʣˣƵĵƹ͸Щů컵Ĵ
˸Լ£׽
κͤһ, ͰϹš
ԭͷô, ԭûĴɿë껹ֲ, ֲϴտʼκͤԶԷϰ߸еһѾܡ
ȫͬ, ȥ, κͤͷѾ÷ǳ, ֹ࣬ںŨ˳
üǰ°طֲķβ޼
һۿȥһͷīƵġ
ƸҺйϵϴ˼Чͳˣۿɼı仯
Ȼͷ̫ҲеѴ, ϴ֮󣬲ŪɣӰˮֽʸɾ󣬻Ҫϰա
κͤ
ĳɢκͤϣ˫ȴ󿪣֧ϡ
ԡֻ˰ɫ£ӺܱմȴͷԶ˵ˮ֪޾·ʪ󣬾Ƥˡ
ʪĺۼ
ױ̨ǰһʱģ˶û˵
ڰš
ʱԽģҹ෱ǣǰǰĴ֧뿪ܿͷԲ˷£вڶĲ
Ϳͷκͤķȥֱͦļϸݵ֫

۾˾ģΣ˵ɴϣó
ʵϣѾѬ˵㣬õġ
һ
κͤԼ߹֣ɴˡ
˵ƭ㣬ӶԣѬҲɡ
ű飬ûڿκͤǲǺ£
ϾŮǻẦͬһҵġ
룬飬˵ȥ˯ɣЪϢͷ
ŴߵߣЬ˯ȥκͤѹá
ڵƻյһյβСϣκͤͿӲϣһûһط顣
뿴һҹҲ͹ȥˣ˭ϴӳһֽˮעĶίʵʺʱ䡣ϣƤ
κͤŲסˣ۰˰üģԽ鱾һߡ
ȴ̲ס룬Īǲ֪ʲôϾȤζ
һҹգ۶

ۣѾߡ
ʺͻīŲᣬӣӴ𴲡
۾һ濴ۣƬ̺˵ء
īүһˣǰԺء
û˵ʲôˡ
ϵָôʾԥһ䣺̽봩ѣ
һ̧°ͣƯģͷҲҪƯġ
Ѿݸī̲ס˵̴ʲôƯġ
üľƽѹǡ
һֽͶųʳ˵ҵһ׼õģȳŵӣ³ȥͬһԣҲ֪ܳϼڡ
ųӣĶǲԸ
ҶǰϵۣȥԼʹЩ
⻹˲٣һС඼ˣˮϺҲ
ϸ˿ڡ
ŷѾߵֳš
˼д밲ĹأССоĸὲЩϱһ緹ɨϴź˺ӡ
ԺӵˣȻЩ
ͷ֮󣬿κɩɩڸСϴϴ֡
˻ͦ¶ģ֪κľ̩붼մ˳Ĺ⡣
ʶ϶Ƿеģ֮˵ĶǺû
Ҳ˻Ϲ򣬱˸ú˵Ͳȥ˵ѿ
ǵ㲻ʹ챻κͤϣҲôҳ鷳һ˰˶緹
ƵĻǾ۾̵ۡ
Ķǻ궼Ҫûˣֱģ
Ͼ¼ﻹڣҲ̫ģû׼ⳣס緹Ҫˡ
κͤû̫˲ٶװǳ˳ǡ
һ뿪κңլ˲䰲١
ָѾɨϴѣȥ¡
κмŮֵúܣ϶Լҹﲻ̫ϲջ˵̲ӣͷү˻ȥϾ˼ڣûû
Ѱ˼ŵпվȥӸǰ˵䣬»ֻ˵䲻Ļٹ꣬ﶼҪˡ
κͤϻֱȥ˳⣬ڻκͤסˡ
κͤûע⣬˵յͬϸ˵ˣģﲻ˵Ļ£ӲˣĪϡ
˵Ҳͬƽϡ֪Ƕġ
κͤ˶٣ָܺ˭˵
˼Ĭһ˵ҴȥΣ
̧üò̫ʢһֶµգ˵ʱ˷
û˵
κͤյһ˵ҹӦġ
üβ㲻Ǻæģ
κͤ˶ָȻæҩſ
һ˵ϲ°ϯǰյġ
ⲻ˵ˣκͤ͵Ӧ
˵ˣȥͷ¥ԷȥϷ԰ӿϷòã
ʱֻ࣬κͤԼÿ춼еæԼûôֹÿ춼ܣ˽Ķ˽⡣
ӣ۾ŭ˭Ůȥ¥ģϷ԰ӸǲĵطŪҺ治ɣ
κͤ͵Цˡ
ضŮأۺŹŴ󻧣Żʮ֮ϸ񣬳˴֮߶׳š
ⳤô󣬼ûڷ߶
¥ǳԷȾƵĵطϷ԰ӿϷˡ
ⲻûϷԼϷӣʲôϲ¶̨ӵϷϰա
ͳǲͬ
ⲻ֪κͤЦʲôҪԷһĵĿ˵˭˵ЩأЩ㵱ʱҪЩȴá˲ܳȥżҷóȥҲ㣬Դȥ㻹ʲô
κͤ˵̫Ȼڳ˵
𾪵ġ
κͤѾֿڣˣõģȥŷ硣
ԱѾ߶Ĳģ˭ҲҲ廰
ʽСѾȥκֱͤӾųȥ
κͤô׵ˡ
ֽæѷˮɫɴϡ
κͤųߣһ˵ͲѾˣɺá
죬ͷӦ⻰
ѾＱȴֻ۰ͰͿκͤѳˡ
κֱͤӸ߳򣬡ȥ˱¥
үӦһ˲ʱ
ȥ˱¥ûκͤʡ
ҡͷ
Ƶİ˱ˣζرǰ˱Ѽù֪ˡ
¶Գ˵ִδйĴ顣
Ȼһͬȥ¥ʹϵķ
Ϊǧ֪ǲ٣ܷ˲ʲôǣ̹ͳ浼˺ζԴҶԴ
ûӵġ
ÿڣЩšֵģ潾Գ֡
лҪ˵лл֧~

038

ǹ, Ĺ򣬾͵˰˱¥
⻹֮ǰ̷κͤԷ֪˵ء
˱¥С, װ޵øûʡ
κͤµ, ³, ӣһֻ֡
һû, ЩЩ, ¶ɿ֮ɫ
κͤţС
, Աߵϻһɴȥϡ
ʾ㣬Ŵӳɴġ
, ûŮЩط, 㲻Ų֪˼ҵķ˻дйԡ
ֻЩҲ಻¶, ˴ãҪһѾ߻š
һȻ, ü˵ôһ
κͤЦЦʣﲻһָĸ״ų, Ƿųô
֪ߣ, Ⱦһ㱡֬ɫ
糺ܺÿ
˲ˣɡκͤЦ⣬
ûԥ
κͤǰһ, ǣų⣬ò̫ۣʹɴסգȴڸǲסκͤҲǳĿģʱеĴĿ⡣
κ̹ͤȻͷһֵطκͤġ
ףü
Сʮɫ״æκͤ¥졣
͹ߡ
κͤųȥˡ
¥϶ż䣬õʫⰻȻġ
ŷЩ
˱¥Ҳʲôͨ˶ĵطµЩˣҲǴųн£ѹûͨˡ
¥żֻйͲ
κͤΣЩƵʮֺãϵκͤ
κͤųĿζһ˱ѼһһƬ⣬һ񡣶Ʋˡ
֮ʳɻбԵġ
ҡҡͷ̰ڸ֮Сɵϰߡǰڸ̫̫ϲ̰ԣ˵ŮЩźÿ
κͤ˷ʳˣˣټӶҲԲꡣ
ϲ֮ǰС˺ò
κͤòֻ֮Ѱá
ⲻͬں½нݲһƷĹм֡
֮󣬾ˮɫ峺ŨζƷ
κͤʧЦʣϲúֲ裿
̧Ƴһۣиĺãۺãζ˵Ǹϲɽ롣
κͤͷ
һûһ˵ţʱС㽫ȫˡ
Ŵ̧ͷͿɼ֮
ż棬κͤùˣ
һκͤ
κͤţһ
ϸˡ
Ȼͷζʮֺá
ҲٳԵЩµĲˣĳȻȲоʦ
ںҲ׵ЩӲƷԵĶƷƷ˵ˮˮĶˡ
κͤմΪί֮ʶʮԼԶ٣մմӣչ˳ȥˡ
ûѾһԿţ֪ͳԶˡ
Ǳڼ÷õöࡣ
κֵͤʮֵȻչ˹΢ġ
Χá
ȴκͤȻʣ֪֪ڣ
ôͻȻ˵ϻ˵Ȼ֪ģˡ
κͤǴÿڶھ£вµʱ䡣겻ֹǱԣ˵бˡ
ã֮ǰδš
κͤһۣ֪һ£֪ǷʵҪ
һ˰󣬷ɿ췴Ӧйأ
κͤ߿佱йϵ
˳ۣ˵
˵뱱֮ǰǵĴá
뱱ʲôϵǡ
һ⣬˵㣿
κͤҡͷҲȷֻġ
ЩˣĶ֪ģˣ
κͤüͷһݣ侲
һ˲ʶﻹ棬æ
κͤ²豭ˣߡ
ɴ˼κͤ˷š
ȴմһżײǽһҪ£ʶһУκͤһʱס
ײǸˣΣĿӢʮֳڡ
˿ڵǸ
κͤԷòʱɫһ˲ı仯Բ
£ǹ֮κͤش
Ƭ̺κͤתͷԻ˵⣬ȥòã
ͷ
κͤͷų¥򼸾䣬뿪ˡ
߳κͤٴ¥ͬǸִһ񣬵ӡ
ԷһϴЦκӣɷºȱ裿
κͤҵȴݡ
*
һ˼ңֺͼѾһæʣүأԼˡ
˵·ˣҪ̸Ҳ㣬ʶȻˣҲЩˡ
ǰҷ̻Ϣ
ȴһ֣Ҫдţĥī
ǣ̡
пīˮֽʣվԶźˡ
д浵ģκͤ˵Ǽ仰ķңȥһʣûϢǲ¡
ΪʲôͱΪʲôѡȥ
ѵû𡣳Ц룬ǵԹ幫Ѿʻ͡
û˻ԸԶϢǷʵڣҲҪȸͨͨ
κͤǴӺε֪Ϣ׼˻ʡ
дһţŷãʣԽϣĪȥ
ʵͷ̷ģʡõģ˵֡
պŷͳˡ
ڣ˶֪Ҳ⣬Ǵ궼еĽգÿ＾ֹӣŴĹӶμӣϽʼΧԳٰ죬ַǷ
ǹԵĴͻ
ļλүԳ󶼲μӹȥ̩ÿס
գǶܳȥܵӡ
ⶼʶΣ̡
κͤ˲ЩС˼ѾǶ˳ȥ
κͤ޼䣬ͬ˵˵Щ¶Ǵ֪ģ
κͤû˵ѵԵһ裬͵ǰ
ڣ˵Ȳ裬˵˵ɡ
֪ǰʾ
ûвģֻԸԸ⡣
κͤѲˮˣһۣ˵һ䣺¡
Աˡ
κͤڣ㣬Ϊ棬Ը⻹ǲԸ
ȻԸ
κͤüҰ㲻ԸҲǲԸϢ棬Ѿ㣬ĸ֪֪ǣôϢΪ٣Ǿٺòֻȷһﶨ

039

ããȻȻ, ϸȷʵӦ׷κͤʡ
ԭκ֪ͤ£֪, δû, һ˵
ΪƵġ
Ҷ, ʾˡ򴽡
ôɵʱ򣬾˵֮ǰ, ˾ˣ˵ײǽײǽ, κͤ˶ٴúܡ
κͤƾѧҽ޳ɵԲ
˿, ĿⲢܷġ
ӣ°΢̧㿴
κͤ˸Σ˼˵֪費Ҫһ˺
˵ĸԸκͤģĵ, ȻԼ¶л
ҪǰѾԷ, £⻹ǾЩ˻ȥ, װᡣ
ֶһ裬һ, ü˵Ҫ, һд, Թȥ
κͤ
κͤȷܶ˲ͬɫǼᶨӶױӰ졣
Խ, ԽԼ
ţԼΪκͤԹĿܲҲ
κͤƾʲôȢκͤΪʲôҪţ
·ԼǸ
Ϊ֮ԴͷκͤϣʸȨƸôͲкЩ¡
ʱûû֣ΪܷΪѣҲûԿ̫̫̫̫Ļȥ
ʱ·ߵľܶ˶֣޵ģֻκҺκͤ
գκͤϽֵҩţҶϵĺ󣬶Ա߷һڡ
žը죬ʾ⿪Ŵ󼪡
ҩྩеҩһһ߽ȥֻʮ㡣
ʯɫשǽ̵ؿͷһݡ
űڵʱΧ˿֡
κͤվſڣһ׼ɽʳֻҪŵĿˣһ
̵ȡǡκҩá֣򵥺üǣҲöߺȡ
űһӱװޣв߽
һߵҩƷǿ飬ҩƷļ۸񣬶۾˵ЩŹŹֵֹĶôô
κ̩ͤȻɫ䡣Ļش
߰ļ۸ȻֵĶȥ
ֻҪԵЧԻжû
ˣһ붼ڿҩ̵װ꣬զֻ࣬涼һֲȶҲȵĸо
Ųͳȥˡ
Щãûˣ˵үûһһǵö
κͤЦҿҩãǾ¥ݣŵһ죬ĻôЩܿҡ
ޡ

ſأκͤæȥˡ
ôү
κͤҩ껹ûеҩͽҽʮҩ
õү²ɿܵκͤǰ
ҩҩĿǰһҲˢɫᣬһʮ
ÿ϶ҩĵ֣ҪʶʮҩģÿҩĵλáҪҩʱ۾׼λץҩġ
˵ʶ־ͺҪˣֵĿҩ͸ɲ
κ̸ͤҩĿټ䣬Сλúƣĩ˵סֻҩץҩݣ˼ҩץҪζҩܲβֻ˵֪ȥʴ򡣡
ү
ҩֲ࣬ǳǧϰ۾Ҫ㹤һʱͲˡ
κͤϤһ˼ҩ֮󣬶ȫȻˡ
ǱĶ涼˼۸񣬵㻹Ҫʱͻش
ƴͷЦ˵үѼ۸棬ʡ˺öһˡ
κͤһ¶ţüͽдˣǱߵҩ⣬ٶ۸ߵĲǶ·ӣͨ˾Ҳ򣬱۸ȷΪʡ鷳֪Ϊʲôҩ̵ҩע۸ѵǾͲ֪ʡʱ䣿
ͷˣ԰Ϊʲôأ
κͤ˵Ϊƺõҩǰλ۸ġͱһ۸ǲǺܹ󣿱Ǳ߼ӵҩ󣿡
ֱ㶵ͷ
κͤʵˣ˵ʵϣƺõĽܲسӣһܶࡣҩˣҩζҩĻֻͨҪһǮ˵һǮҪͭ壿ҪڽĳϱעһǲǻûŶҪܣΪͨô࣬һֱ۶ֱ׵ֻܡ
ү̫ˣǶ࣡һݣκͤ۾ֱŹ⡣
κͤʧЦɫĪҪ͵ȥҩȫ졣
ٺЦȥˡ
ҩ¿ţκͤһ죬ֱѶ̻ᡣ
ڶվöԼȥˡ
ҩ̿ӦûæЩʱеˣͶһ֣һӡ
κͤԼѿ֣ȥ˱ǱѲӳӡʱ˺ܴλóǽʱһֳģڲҪô󣬺ͷӱļƻ
κͤԾѾɶУ̷ԷʱҪ䣬һߡ
Ҳһ
ڲׯԲ衣
̷һ˵ȫ׵¾ͺܸп治֪ôССһȻôáκ͵ܣ治֪ôˡ
̷ָ棬˵Զģ˵ǰ¥Щ䲻ĴС£Ҳ֪Щǰ˻ûΡºˣ͵㲻֪㶼еˣϰ嶼㡣
̷Σʶʱ棬Ŵ󷽣ʶ֪֮ʵһ롣
κ̧ͤһڲ裬һߵŶһ
Ľ˾Ǳȱ˴˵ǰôûⶫ
κͤȻ˵Ǹ򣬶彡֪ʶǻȱĶһ㣬ֵһᡣ
һ̷β˵£ʵ͵ܳһæ
κͤһʣʲô£
̷οһ£Щݣ֧죬ŻȥһĸǱһλֶǿһֵģһֲ
κͤɫŲµʲôʣʲô
̷ζĬ˰Σ˵ͣǷĲ
κͤ˵Ȼԣ
Բ˵κִͤˣֻܳҩơ
κͤһҩҩβεúòҿ϶
Σκͤʣˣ
̷˵Ӧǣ޲ߣڴ϶ˡ
κͤüͷšûκá
̷μӦΣ˵ĸô࣬͵ȥУҽ˲ҽֻλֵ컯ˣ
ʵ̷θλֲʶֻ֪˵һЩ£ˣĸȥ̽˺üΣ͸п֮ǰ̷˵κͤϡǵǸ򣬾̷ΰȥƲ
̷ֲĸףκͤ
κͤ˵ͷ˵Ǿͺհɣȳɸң֪ҼĶô
֪֪Ǿл͵ˣ
лҪ˵񶼱ȽϿҲˢĿ¼

040

̷ηֿ, κͤȻ˼ҡ
֪˾ʲôҩûǰӶҩ
̷˵Ǳ֢״Ѿ, ܶ, ҡͷ޲ߡ
ǲ̫, κͤ룿
ʱԸȽⶾ²ҩ˶Ŀ֮, ȻԺóЧ˵ҩ˻ɡ
ЩΪ
ת۾͵Լõӡ
κͤһ, ѣԹ緹
Ѿ߾˵ͷͣ, үġ
κͤҩţͼһͣ·ߡ
µ̨ףϵͱһֻ
̷Цݵκ͵ܡ
κ̧ۣͤôԹˣ
̷ܵ, һˡ
κͤÿɷ, 
ڣκͤʣǱʲô, ˵չ
̷εͷͬһ, δ, ͬʱǹк, ʮֲģĴ
ǡκͤԭ˵̷αӦò
Ȼû˵ڣȷӦ, סˡ
ԼǵҽģҲֵôС֡
ڶ˵Ƿ没ŴԽ֪ʶϴʩûС̷αǸŮɫڼ-ԺˣҲ֡
̷Ѿκͤı￴˵Ļ
ԼŶЩûǸˣҲգݵ˼ˡ
˻̷βֵλֽ̲һλС١ĸ׾һемλֵܣΪֲ˸ʧרעȥˡ
˵㣬̷ζԹЩͬ飬˲ٺƫйء˽³谮ƫ谮ӣԵӶŽй淴ӡ
˲֪ǹԼûϢ׳谮ȥˡ
Щ̷δĸġ
ʱʻ˹
ȺСſڴȴһˣæ񣬡үãκӺãСǽȥ
̷ոͨˡ
С˴ŶȥһԺӡ
ȼ˹ˣɫ԰ף̬ƣдᣬģ
˼ˣ˵ζˣתκͤλؾκˣ鷳κˡ
ˣ˷ûбʲôϣ
һκͤʵ̫ᣬѧҽҪʱۣôСͣҽȥǹ󿴹ĴûʮҲоŸвԺ֮
ÿι˶ϣʧζʵܡ
κͤҲˣ⡣
Ϊ˼ǲ˵ĸףû˱ܡ
ڱ˵ʹ࣬ȻͬܣҲܿ𣬱ŵ֮⣬ǶԱ
ûҪƽ˼ҵĲӡ
κͤΪҽľǾΪˡ
ûжຮѣ˲˵棬Ǹ
κ̷ͤһۣ˸˽ȥ
κӣŴգȡ
ѾǶ棬ĴΧʵʩӣý
κͤһüͷ¡
˱۽ǣһ˵Ըź򣬰Ѿ߶˳ȥƢã˵ʲôκӼ¡
κͤҡҡͷ޷
ǰ棬Ŵڣ˸Ʋ
ΣͷһӵĲβô˻ȥɡ
κͤġ
ǰ˵Ϳţ򲻿ô˵ĻһģεĴֺģ㿴
˰Ѵá
ȴͷ˹ڱ
ôȵȴоƵġ
̷οȰһ䣬˵ĸ˿ɡ
˲Űλ˳
κͤº˵͹˽Ŵ򿪣̫ƣ
⡭ԥһ˲κͤƽУæѾȥŴˡ
˶죬֮ȴø
ͨ磬Ѿ߶ȥ֮κ֣ͤšűһơ
ûƿ
̷֣æ
̷ƳκͤɫӣϽһ֣ڽϵıӸ˺ˡ
û˱ӣŰɫµһ״泯ڣ˼
κͤˣ˿
ãЦ£ٴοڣҲβˣʡöˡ
κͤ޻˵˵ҪݾҲȾⲡ
øˆ£ֱʣǼʱĲָвԵı仯û֢״ʲôʱ򡣡
ںܰ
ֻش𣺡ǰǰ
κͤʣʲôʱʼòףġ
һǰ
κͤҲ̫Щ
ôʱ䣬ͺпܰһһϵڡ
ȥôء
⻰κͤܶԲ˵
תҿ֢״
κ̫ͤƽȻ֮ͬǰдһ֮ҡͷ˵ûΡ
ûκͤһЩ⣬ûùʿ֢״
Ȼ֮ǰЩû˵ܴпͺ£ЩණᴫƵġ
˻Ķӻ᷸棬䡣
ͼͷת˹
ɫҰף˫鷢ơǲѾӰ쵽ı֡
ԵĻǹϲϣ¶ƤһһŧƤҺĶ
κͤϸϸһԽԽùõ¾÷
Ϊȷϣʣʼǲǡû˵κͤԼͣˣָ˲֯´ǣɴֱЩǣǲĵطЩӲȣ۲ҹվԼˡ
ǣԣһʼû£û뵽ôء
һ˲κͤδͽԼһﶸȻϣ
Ҳκͤƺб£żæ˵κӣκһҪȾ
κͤù侲һƤԹ˵ϣҲ𣿸ҿ
ö˵ʵʵ¡
治ֹۣѾɢȫ
ֻҩûҩˡ
ţκͤ˵
֡
κͤתͷˣˣͽ跽á
˸Ͻӹȥ
ֻκͤŲæڹϣȻŴ϶ָ۾
ʼ
ˣһκͤʲô߲
ֻκͤȴ꣬˵
κͤ۾˼Ѿ˴ҩ
Ӻ󣬴ҩһ죬ڵһҩ
÷Чҩһ
۸ʮ
κͤüЩҩҲ治ˡ
漴ֿ˿һ˵ôЧҩһԭ滹ҪųԶ
㣬ãеþȡ
κ֣ͤѾһԺ
Σⲡκ𣿡ʻļٵĹˡ
κͤվûȻش𣬶˵ֽһá
˸ϽԸ
κֽͤд֣һ˵һȽⶾҩҪȥһҩȥκҩáǼҩҿġ
̷ˣĸӶǴϲ
κͤģˣ
һ̣˼Ҫκͤͷ
лҪ˵ȷްɣûʱˡ

041

ȻԼκҩ, 㣬ֱҩС
κͤûϰҩҩһΪǷ, һǾóҲֱӸ, ѵ˵δ֪һ籸ҩɣ
Ծһκҩá
ʱѾκͤսʱȫͬ, ǻɥʧȥ־һģ, ϣ
κҵĲκ, һǲǣɤӣ۾úܴ, ˥ܵĹ⸴ȼȼһػ硣
ԭȥһκͤһԼƤ϶ĵŧ»ˣֹס
úóҩ, Ժ˼ɵ˻ȥ, Ѿȡ
ܸɣҶȥЩطָͷ, 󱯴ϲ֮£ʵѿ, ڻʹ
й
κͤû˵ʲô, վ, һѾߴˮϴֺ󣬲ŵҾȻȥˡ
˼æˣκںöٱ㷹ɣ
κ̧ͤ־ܾˣ, ˲ˣҼȻȻᾡҽӡӵĲӣҩףȥ׼׼
һ˵˾Ͳ
عκͤϾǸӣԼдʵʧʹڲء
뵽ﲻѲˣαƵķȴһۣδ̤Ժһ
˵Фֻûˣ
ҲʳӣĳӲݶ˳ݺ
̷λԹ˵ĸտű֣ȥκ͵ܡ
̷ε֣мúӣĸ治֪ôлˣκһҲ˾ĸһǡĸûˡ
˾ҲתЩ¡
̷ΰο˶Է䣺ĸһ˺α˵һͬС浽Ĺϵ˲˭κ͵ܡ
ĸ֪Ҳֻʣһĵ˵ˡ㣬ж顣
һκ̷ͤһ˹

ӷ̷ŸղŵΣпһ˵ǱִǰҲǸˣռ˵һŧĿ˶࣬ɶûˡ
κͤƳһָۣʶǰСƵһò񣬶־ֻ÷.е˽һò֮˶ݣ壬ȴҪڣʹӳ룬ҽѧ˵ͲǶѹ磬ѹ硣
̷ͷֻκͤȻᵫҽѧϵȴʮָʵ˲òࡣ
κҲҴҽЩΪ˵ı¡
á÷.֣æ̣ȴ÷.ұ֮ƣ
κͤ˵ǡ
̷β룬´λ¥ø˵䣬ϸЩÿʹðȫף÷.¥Ǵ¥
κ̷֪ͤۼʶһ÷.ĿºʹðȫףӴٽ.ԺԽ֪ʶԤ
ҴҶ֪ⲡ÷.
˲ڣ̷ηĵһ䣺κã
κͤأǿԱסкܳһʱҪҩܲܶϸ᲻Ḵвһ㣬ĴȾԼҪǹӺЩͬж֮£ѲŮӡ
̷һʱû˻
κͤʣӿȢûУ
̷ҡͷδ̫ڼ.Ժ˻죬ǵȴܳ裬û˺˼ҵĹԸ
κͤǱȢޣʡû˺˼ҵŮβȰҿҩȫڸ
̷οЦȢҾĸҲû˼ȥɫﰡ
ţԺ˹һҪ֪ȫⶫðҪǹ֪ⶫ˵Ͳһ
̷κͤ͵˼ſڣȥ
κͤһԡϴ裬ȱ׳һ˾͸մˡ
ϴ裬Ųóˣֻ£´ϵá
̧Ž
˶ϡ
Ŀԡ
κͤץǰͷӵ֣һ˲
˻ƮƮƫͷ˰
κͤҲȻϵ·Ĵӣסߺͽʵĸ
˵мͬ
Ƭ̺
κͤˡ
¶һɻ飺˵ʲô
κͤԼס֣еɰ
·ˣֿԷˡ
κͤ⶯Ӳһ˲䡣
ûһϡ
κͤˣȻʱֵĻ
ߵԵһ裬ȻȻݹȥ⣬һʣղ˵ʲôҪġ
˵һš
κͤΪʲô£ЦҲǸ˵κҲ㣬ûȹء
ֻƳκͤһۡ
͸һƬëϢƮһ
κͤһʣȥĶ
죬ڣ񡣡
κͤһȥһˣΪҪȥ񣿡
ɰѲ豭һߣ˵һˣд㡣
κͤ˼ת÷ɿ죬Ͳʲô
˵Ǽǲǣȷͬѡ㣿
ͷЩͷĸ׶ȻôðգŴȥ顣
ȥҲҪһͬȥ˭κͤͿˡ
ʥ̫Ůȥҵ˹ʥϴͺź졣ΪʲôҪȥ
źӹ°߲ˣϲ͡
һһ䡣
κͤ˵
ĸĸ
κͤ
ҪͬȥȻ㡣
κͤû뵽ʼ仰ܸ⳶Ϲϵ
۾˵Ļǰһ룬˵ȵȣ뾩Զܾǽöȥ׼
ŶԷ
̧üһһֿڣ÷ͬȥ
κͤ˷ƺϡ
֮κͤʹ⣬֪ĸЩ¡
ԭ⹫ԭʷ򣬺ŭگŮСŮڵĺС̫Ůӹһ١һǳʱʮ꣬үؼҵ檣˺Ӻܿ첡ˡ
ʱŰ꣬ȳʮңȥ˰ۡ
ʵҲδԼλĸܷ˴û֪Щ
ྩڵЩݵ˼ңҲ֪¡

042

ĸعˣκָͤԼȥ¡
˶ٵ˵ԭҪѽȥ۾ĸ׵⡣ĸ׵Ͼ̫Ů, ʥϵãȥŮĻʥϾ, ֮ҲٿǴ㡣Ҫȥ, ʱ˸, 鲻
Ů϶ñ˻Զ, гͬǰеĻκͤʺϲѡ
ʶջԹ
ò׼κͤ᲻Ӧ
Ҳ֪, κͤæ¡
κͤ˼Ƭ, Ŵྩǵ·̣м䲻ĻŵҪʱ䡣
ҪǱˣ治Ӧ
⽾Ĺ, ѵÿܿ, ¹
κͤͳ, ԸԸ⣬ռŮݵı, Ȼõҡ
˾, κͤ˵ĸ˵ʱûУ
һ⻰, ֪ǴӦü˲ʱ뵰˵ǳˣ˳Уڳ, õġ
κͤòԼˣԼþܾ
ٴܷʵǸеӵ֪µǰֻչ򡣹úܡ
£ʹûѡȴ¶ǰһ
ӶԣҪǺ£ѡҪ˵ĸ󳼵Ůûʲô
ƫƫᵽĴС㣬Լڻʵ۶Խˡ
κͤӾࡣ
Ǳ˺ˣͬȥһ˺
γûоܾ
˾ǱһĸѾߺֲյ
ּţ˾ߣҳˣʣչ⻹ʲôû׼Ϊȥ㲻ɣྩԶأĲЩ˵
˻ֵȥҪһ£ȵʱ̵ʱôܵˣӴдһһˣҪŪʲôӴ
ĵ±ԹҲˣǿЩСѾͷ׼ȥɣҺͻīʰ
ǣûй򵢸ˣһĴȣϽȥˡ
κͤͬвҪ
ͷһǹҩ£ʹӴҩһƳȫ
һƳһµƳһҪųԶٳ
ڶһ磬κͤȥκҩã˸ˡ
κͤȰȽⶾҩöʮҲһµ
ְ÷.ҩһóҩװڹһӣɫ
κͤ߹ҵˣ˵ҩһճΣһһ裬ǰԣһµǱһһģȥˮһãҲһµҹӰЩһҩ
©һ䣬ֱͷκ򣡶лκСľˡ
κ֣ͤȥɡ
ȹҵˣκֶͤԶ˵ҹҪԶţҩÿһ¸һޣ֪𣿡
֪үүʲôʱܻ
κͤ˵°ɡ
´꣬б¡
Ǳ߾Ͳʱ깤κͤԼˣȥ̷һ죬ʱæţʽ
̷ظӦ
³Ȱѳȥ󣬴žǰѮʱ˲Ҳùʱϸոմ
ܷ˴ϸ
һ磬κͤͳȥ
²ûųܷġ
Ҫñ˾֪飬ʱ˳⣬ֻ˵ﲻھǡ
֪ĳܷ˺ͳֻ̩Ϻү̫̫λϳɾ˭ԸԼҾĵŮͳȥƷ춼Ĭܷ˵
ƽ˾һûС
ֻܷ˷ųһϢ
Щʱ򣬸˶֪ܷó·ɸ֣˵Ǵﷸһ֮Ҫȵʮ֮
Ҳܷû￴˼ңҲ
ܷ
ǰ˵ܷȥһ˳£Եǹؼþȥ顣
ܷ˵ԺдԺ⼸նЩҲû˭ֻ֣Ҫȥס£իȥˡ
û֪ܷҪѳȥۡ
ܷΪ˲ţѾһдӼˣҲϳǱһһ
ǰܷǣׯʮڵţǻȥġ
浴ӺϳĳֻѾߡκͤͳκҳ˻īֽ
ڳҵһׯϡ
κͤѾһ
磬峿ˬ
ׯʱ򣬲Žʱ
ǳ̩͹ġ
ȥ˸硣
ûڣ̩һͷ˵ȥ˵ɡ
֪лҪ˵ͷȥˡ
κͤһֳ
̩κͤʮַԸһ·ֻκͤԸ˵ʲôʲô
¥һ·Ͼ鷳չ˶λˡ
¥κͤ֡
ŮϺүģӶʮڣΪ꣬κͤʮţɻˣҲȡ֡
ֻ棬˶ֱӽκͤκӡ
ֳظҶðȫ͵ġ
˵һǳ̩ڽһЩ顣
Լһӣ̩˵ǳɣʱˡ
һѾ߽ϳ浺ͳ⣬Ŷ
κͤǰ棬̩ͬ
һˣʮ嵶ʻٵ
ͳһǳ㣬Ѿʱ˵Ĵ
οʽģǳߣߵĴ󴰻ϸɴ̫ơ
ͨҪ̫࣬СϷŲˮġ
ҶãһӷɫȹһŶɫȹһһݾɫš
ҹԡ
˵¹س浣ҲδܵӰ죬ͬǰһݲȣûж㼱֮⡣
һͬ˵
ˣĸպĪŪˣǺʶ㣬ûʱ˵׼۵ġ
浿е壬ǳĸģһů
һģһںϡ
Ŭ죬һֱأGȥ
һֳѾҪó
Ƴһͬɫ̧־ͽ˻ȥڣûҲˡ
һ£Ҳ̫ׯЩһתʣ߹ȥǵĶ
浸ݹȥһͼԼ
ùȥأ
δԶţȻ֪Щطʲôʱ򵽣
˵·̣ӦҪܵ
ʲôʱ򰮿ЩΪֻʫ֮ġ
һ£Ƶأ´οҲҪؽʵЩĪҪ˷ˡ
һһغϣ¡
κͤ߰˵ʱ򻹺ãͷɹˡ
;ͣϢʱͻ
ãҩˢ˶
ɹ˪ͽҩ
κͤҲȫʮݵġ
֮󣬶˲ڣǰװֵʮߣ޷ɹ˪ҩɫ״
κͤѶպãڵĳ

043

κͤȵλܲܵסܳͶ֮ࡣٵ·ƽЩ, һֱϣζҲǿ֪
û뵽Сǣƽؿǽ߰, µһʱ
Ȼ, ҲΪϳĳǾʮϰ, һһĺ֡
ʻٶȲ첻رƽȡ
, ûԹ࣬ȴҲ֪ػ, ˣҲῴʱиµĳ, ֲ
ǻɹ˵ģκͤͰͣϢϢԷ
˳ǣڹٵн˼ʱ, ܱ߽û㷿, ·ߵĲˮ̯һһƬӱµκͤͣ
ŻԱ, һЩ˿ʼܹ
λСҪϸ࣬ĸѾ߱ٳһ鰲ĵط, Ͼ겼, ˮ, Ϣ
ͳ浲͸͸ѾѾʰ
˾µմСް࣬Ļʵģܳԡⶫ첻ܷ, ÿЩꡣ
浻ãϸϸһࡣ
θڶѣֻЩӡκͤӦЩġ
ֵʱʱעųɫ
ųŵһգÿŶá
ȺԶţûš
κͤմӴҩõĽó
ƯմСޣʣõʲô
κͤС޸Ӵ򿪣滹ŸСס
Ƿ裬ҳһ裬ܻͷͷۣ·Ͳˡ
˵߰Сҩ޷ڳϣţҲһ裬ǼѾߡ
κͤųԡ
תȥһޣЩ
汩ɹʺҲ
ͣһʱù緹֮ϳǰߡ
ڣκͤ˵ͼʱ䣬ܵء
ʵʵһ·֮ǰ˼ƻõĵط
ͷֱһҿջóסȥԼԱ߿ջ齣ֵҹ
һԼ¶ƣ̬
Ѿæźԡϴ
κͤ۲쿴˿ϰ˵һ
ã¥ֱȥ˷俴⡣
ϴ裬īָҿջӰˮ̧ȥ
ֽڸͷ
춯Ѿ߸κͤ񣬳Ҳ̧ͷȥ
κֽ߽ͤùӣֽʶ£š
ڴϵģκͤ˳Ҳڴӱ£ͷһһ¸
˻ʣ۲ۣ
û˵˼ӵһͷ
κͤ˵ٹ죬ϰߺͺЩˡ
ϾҪһ·˵İοҲûá
ǰûԶûУκͤʳ⡣
˵
κͤ˵ȥϱߣˮ·˳ˮ£ҪЩ
һͷʣȥϣ
κͤЦش𣺡ûС
κҼྩľˡ
κͤļԭû¹
ͷòֻ࣬ʣһʪžͳɣκͤӷһߡ
˵˸ͳԵĹ
ҡͷһأԡ
κ̧ͤüȫһݵ뷨ûУûԼڣٲԣԼʲôȵ˰񻹼ˣ
šüθţʵǳԲ¡
һ·϶ûʲôθʲô£ȵ÷ͣĵë֢״
κͤǰҲˣһ죬ŷһڶԲȥֻԵġ
⽿ӹǲãκͤҸιĶ
ûɿڣˣԶţ⵰߲˳Լڣ׷С롣
Ҳ࣬ûǿȥˡ
κͤԼųʣµģҲһꡣ
㡭ʮֳԾκͤɫ糣죬˵ʲôˡ
ֻܰͷƫһߣļ
극κͤûóţд֡
īͽźˣ׼īֽ⡣
ϰʲô
Լĥϰ˵ĹдĲá
˵գ̧֣ڽ׵ֽһ֡
ݽСԾȻֽϣĿ
鷨ﶼƱ߶ǣƱ߶⡣
κͤûѧëʣСӲ鷨ӵ壬ĳʣӦºӦ֡
ˮƽˮƷ̸ϣôֵܿĺû
ǾЦˣͦá
ڲŶʮ̶꣬ȣѾֵÿˡ
ⲻΪ⣬ԼⷽǺõģֻΪκͤûҪ󣬲˵дúá
˵ʲôͥκʲôκͤ׷һ
һʱˣ»ع񣬳ɺκͤҲоǵȲѧ֮ˣ鷨Щ٩٩̸ǸϹ
ǣҲȻȻһ䣺ϰ˭֣
ϰ塣
κͤдʮӲ鷨ˣ㻻ëʣγɵдϰȴ䲻ˣתβʷʮԡ
һ;ʮǿǶ١
࿴ۣòֱԼÿˡ
һʱЩ˿˿˵ĸо
ϰúãտһͬдд衣
˷ڱʺ󣬻īī֮ͽ˵
κͤѰ˼һ߶ҲˣɫóЩȥ˯һ绹Ҫ·
˸ϢһҹΡ
糿ջ춯κͤ¥
ûע⣬ڲŷֿջǰһ̨ӡ
̨ϵ
κͤûо㲻ϲʲôֻһڵһڳϵʮֺá
ͷԷˡ
κͤԹȥһСκӣæǰ
ռһ˼Ż󣬾֪ļҳԶŵĹӡ
κЩʲôСóȥ׼
κͤ嵭Щ
õĹӣԵȣõСӦһˡ
ܿСһСһ˾࣬Сˡ
κͤŷߴѽѽС
ûһĹ򣬵˵߸һ
ȻһһС̨ӡ
Ǯ
ֻ㣬ʤᣬƤӰף۾ﻹһƵľֲ
˶ż˵Ц䣬ֻͷɫ糺죬۸
κͤ˼ۣպСˮκͤǮͷŵ˵
Īƭˣǿɲʲôӣǰ˽ͷ˸ǰŮʵ˽˵ġڿջõǮһƹǿջڳŲԶĴϣĿ˶ˣһ׼ˣǧҪϵ
κͤһЦ˵ˣȥæɡСлͷˡ
κͤԱʲôֶеıÿɷŮԱͲ̫Ѻãվڸߴлָֻŵˣûоȷ糾˼
ǹʵǵŮߵǰʱκָͤһС
ȴŮС˳󣬶Ǹ۾ģ˵κͤʹ۽£Ůӿ糺죬ʮۡ
ʮ˵һл͡
κͤŮһת뿪
ȴ֪⻹⣬һɫӣκͤԱϡ
κͤ
ʵЩŮӵֶΣԣ֪ЩǰֳͷһС֣˼֮ضѰȥ
ɲɣһĻͱ¥ճţΧߵĳ⿴˸š
һС˲˪


044

һ, ɫвԣŮ߹ȥ, ôվ
˳ų߿ȥ, κͤ÷
ΪֳⷸС, Լߣɫͬ׼ȥ
һ, 뷴䣬, ûн͡
ֵӣһ˵ȥóʳ, ȡ
͵طʲôóԵġ
һۣôʹСˣ, ɶ¶ˡ
˫ǰ, ˾ϣЦ, ⻰ö˵µĿɲҡ
˭һˣͶﵽȥ浺ǲ졣
ﷳ, ƫһ, ˭, ԼʹвС
֪šƢԣŪûˡ
Ѿ߰ںӣ浿һۣ˵, ʳ
ֲľʳԱ¡
ĺãҲƯԸؽȣˡ
һ߷ͬ˵߸վ͵ݣ㰮Եһ̸ģǵطزǼλüʦˣȵǶҪԸ⣬ǾͶ죬·ɺá
򴽣˵ˣǰ˵ҵĹأµˣҿɲء
⻰˵Ա߼Ѿ߶̲סЦ˳
īôסˣü䣬˵һβġ
һĳԷȥˡ
ȴ뻹κͤİŮ˵Ц£Ůӻ־κͤǰ
֪߳ܵĺܣ
Ļӣװ˺ˣҧźݺݵκͤ
Թ緹˼·ء
̫ûô󣬲ȵʱٶȼӿЩ
ԭҪͬһȴֱӴ
ڵ⸱ģЩԼȥһߴţĪҪңҲϡÿ㡣
Ĵ˻˦תͷԼ
ҲҲԡ
ֽùȥֱֱֻǶȻͻȻ𣬽ݺһˤ
һ죬ˡ
Ȼض˵̺ϸסˤһӾ˼ꡣ
ֽһ⣬֪ķƢ
ʱСһԣҳ
ڻԽԽˤ˶֮ɫҲûתԽ
ʮְΣһ֣ȥɣһʹ
ֽ˵ǣæ
ȥԱһڳԯš
κͤһֱڳǰ棬Щۻͼֽӳһɥ
ʣҹôˣ
ֽҡҡͷ˵֪ǲû˯ãǶԼƢ˵Ȳźˡ
κͤһ˰ǣߣԼתͷ˳ڡ
һֱÿ˽ȥˡ
һιó⧲£ʲô
κͤƳڵϵ
Զ׼λֲʹˡ
κͤڲ輸ϣˣ˭ˣ
ϻúõģû˯ˣ
κͤš
ﲻʹ˵һг·ϣǲǵǳʲôģֵ֪Ц㣿
ͳκͤڽΪʲôҪЦң˲µ㣡
κͤһ㶣ʲô˲ܵ£˭˵ʲô
һͻȻ뵽ʲô
۾Żһ粻ã˭ңԼƼģͬŮЦ˵ӣӶ㣬Ҳǣ
Լ˵ŭˣ־һţκͤǱӡ
ƮƮȻҲˡ
κͤһ̾Ȼ¡
ǳԼġ
˵֪Ϊʲô龭˴󣬻ƫʮ׵ˡ
һ򵥵£ⶼܰһӣٶһ治
ۼ˰Լ÷ΪһĪе¡
κͤȥԱߣѹס
Ե
ꡪ
һ㣬Ҹͣ鲻㿴ӡֻҸ˼Ǯôûʱ¥µĿ˶ˣŮڿջգҲǮ˵ȥһŮزʶͷβδ˵һ仰ЦӣȴҺθɣһҲδ࿴
ŲٵתͷȥǲǶǶӶģ
κͤһֲٷɿһͨ
ðⶼûƺжκͤ˵Ǽ١
κͤһֱԼԵͷԼ̹࣬Ȼ
ȻһţѿڶƱ磡
Ҫκͤȴκͤ׾׽ס
ǶԼòôΪλΪܿˣκͤų⡣
һȶȣ֪뵽ҪκͤЦ̧ȥˡ
κͤߵƺһ
Ȼһ롪
κͤѹȥֱס˳Ĵ
ƤƤů޻ǣڻ롣
ҷ
΢ŵĴɨݾ
һʱ䣬ֻĽĺһ೤һٶ
ΣⶼزִǿƵĲֵסֻܱ۸ʪȵϢԼʶ
Ϊ̫ǻһҩζܲɱܣֱȫθ
Ĳſζҩ㣬ʮֶء
ʮ֣κͤϣֱɼϸĵɫѪܣԼ԰׵ָ⡣
ʵǺ̵ܶʱ䡣
κ̧ͤͷ˵Ҫٲԣ˶ˡ
*
īκִͤʣȣүôͷ
κͤ鵭û˵
īˣæ˵̻ûҽȥźӡ
վסκͤʱסԼһĪȥȻѺˡ
īΪ棬ʱֹס˶ǣȻڳԯߡ
ⷬ󣬽գûʲô۶ӡ
ͬһϣ壬飬˵˵
Щ⣬ûʲô⡣
κͤķЧʮֲ΢Щȵͷ裬һ£ʱܻ⡣
תչȥһ˵ִݡ
ݲ֮ǰ·ļСسǣѷ
һ֮ǣش˶ַ࣬Ƿ
Ǻ֣Ա¥
һȥҵطס٣κͤ߼š
˵գǱ㲻׼סջֱȥһ˽լ
üȥٷź
лҪ˵лл֧~

045

Ǵϵ¹ȥ֮, Ͳôκͤ˵ˡ
֪ʲô
߳ϲŭ䣬Ѿûòס
, һ, ˭, ҪڵòݲֹŻǰ, õ˱Ž
²죬˵û, κͤʱһ䵭, Ҳ˵һ䣬ˡ
ֻг
Щһ·ദ
֪˲ڳ⡣
κͤĲССҳ, й˵, Ϊ˴ܵ
⼫ǰݣϸϸ, κͤıʮϤ
ʮ˽⣬֪ӡĳЩط, ִַǳ
Ϊ, Լ֮ƥŮƢ, ̬֪߸ϣˣǿʤò
ǳԣ, ǳ˵ıԡ
Ż˵ơ
ȼ꣬浻ʱ̵⣬ϲŭɫӦͣǼƽϡѵ
ܼ֮һඥ
ʱ̫ү˵Ƣֻ֮Ҫ鷸֮ҪԼ׼Ҫ֮ǿѣ
ʱ쳣
ܷҲ˵Сʣ²Ҷ̱ܺܿ͸ӱú֪ãȻȴҽ̵ģи컯ֻǺ¿²ɽȻֲͬԸ񡣡
ඥ׹
ǰֻһ浣Ҳֻһ⣬ôȥǿиıˣ׼Ҫˡ
֮󣬳ٲƫִִšˣֻҪԭûԡ
ԣҶ֪
ܷ˹ܺԺ֮¶Ǵϵġ
λǵԺǴš
Ϻү̫̫û˵һ䲻õĵطֻпġ
ԸиĲͬڴǰȴʵʵ̡ܽ
ȴû˿ɲλһ˵ͷ
ֻҪ⣬ܷ˶ʱŲʡ
ҴĳõĹأƫ˰
ǹԺūͼﶼ֪ﲻܵǱȵճճ
˸ｾĸ̫̫ģľԺҲǵü˳ۣճġ
κͤϿһɾһ˲׹ˣǶԷķʽͬԼһޡ
Сϡ
浿ĳ⡣
˵ԸȨ׷
ͬκ֮ͤ䣬ֻеĥ
̾ʲô̧ͷ˻Ѿ˹ȥ⡣
浰Ѿһۣ˵ʮʱĸģ꣬նҪô塣
⼸ֵؿ˳һۣΪʲô塣
һЦˣ˵ЦģɣҪšҲǻᵹѵãû£ǲһӶþһΡ
һ仰иж
ͷȵȵȣһݻ·˵ͳˡ
Ӱʧ浲ŵ͵̾Ե޹ʾ͵ƫ۵ء
һ·κͤʱй۲죬ԽϿɡ
ŵҪȥԵģУȴǳԵĵĺʱ
֮ʱţΪǺֽ֣ݸĻƽڡ
ȻˣգôҪһ֡
ٻ¸˼Ҷǰ˻ںпƲ
ɫĻưΧһ
һŵʱ̫Ѿûл⡣
κͤȻܾóԼȥġ
ֻţĸһš
ϽϹʮ֣мӣɫС̯Сۻҡ
ֽһԣС˵ݸǾǲͬ
ǸϰĻͬĲˡ
߰ɣҲȥյơκͤ
Ȼǻƽڣôó浸ɿš
һһһյƣĸҲ⣬ҰѶϵʱ鶼ľġ
ϡǰûŪЩ˫ţһһ˵Ҳȥ߷š
浵ЩĪײˡ
ݸغǳһߡ
ʱȥѾƯǵĹ⣬ǳһ㡣ǳ䣬ȴůůƹ⣬ҵƻɢ̻ζ߸˸ܽȻͬ
˵غʵޱߡ
ʻУССһˡ
κͤЦغ½Ȼˡ
浣⻰
Ϊû߼ʣʹŻƵ˶࣬ȴҲһ㲻ӵСһûеĵض
ŵǰκͤǰˮˮˤӡ
ȷûк˹
Űɡ
ǰŻˮ̲סһе˳Ʈߡ
κͤź棬Ȼüŵǰ˼
һؿš
æʣô˹ӣ
κͤˮһݡ
˳ɫˮˡ
ۣһˮС
ȼ˻κͤѾιȥˮС
ɫһ䣬ȥ
һ֣嵶ͨһˮС
Ƭ̺κͤһˡ
κͤĨһ˼ڣųɢЩ
Ѿʧȥʶκͤƽڽ⿪ʼѹ˹
Ա߼˼κͤ˶٣⣬Ҳ֪Ҫͷҳ
Ӻڵϵһһ³ˮ
ֽϲзӦˣˮ³ˣ
κֹͤͣȰ˴ȥ
ȥκͤ˸ҩȥ
Ѿ߰˻˸ɾ·
ʱڴϵ۾
Ŵǰվŵĳ⼸ˣ˵˵һ仰
ˡиǰأ˾֮ة磬лλ֮
黹δָһ仰˵ö
κͤüǰ֮
Ϣ˸ҩʲô˵
һȥˡ
浲Ż˵ǰ̫֮ôݸںţԼʧ㻹Ϊ
˺ˣһʾ֪ˡ˵
úõĳſƣȻһˣҲû˼棬Իӡ
ڶգةָ󣬾ҪȥԵл
лκӾ֮Ϊպԣұصǡ
ǰ꣬һò
һǱֺڵϹûע⣬һɫ
κͤһ˲ð̫ͷȻǣĵһϸⲻµˡ
ȻǸˡ
֮ةԼ
ʮߣǰݸ˾ټݸְݣձغС
Ǳǡɱκͤ£ʱѾغеһʬˡ
ľة缸Զ׼˵
κͤƽϣҾİˣȶԷҲɺϡ
лҪ˵һ~

046

κͤȻʡ
, ˣҲݱˣֻ·˵ض, վҪ뿪, ȥ, ȴǰ񡣡
һҪȥ񣿡ة죬ɡ
κͤһ, ˵ýҶ¥, ¥ɡ
ةͽһ䣺¥֡
κͤǴУȥ̽ס
ةκͤ˵⻰, в뵽ĪǵһƬ⣿
ةСůܹĶ⳰ЦȳԹķ࣬ö֮˸׸˽αģ
, ͼ˸, Цһǣ޷ġ֪¥ַ, ɷ˳ӴСһţҪ, ʵڡ
, ¶, ǲ˼ˡ
κͤЦЦҲǲɣֻλңߵЩ, 鷳һͬ·޷
鷳¥ֲŶԡةæ
˵⻰ͳ浽ˡ
κͤةܣ׾ָų⣬ָָ浣λ̽㡣
ةæִһ񣬡λãة硣
ͳ浸Ի񣬵񡣡
ةúòһ˵ܵ˺øС
ֻǳⲻ֪ΪΣ䲻üۡ
κͤˣ˵ةⷬҲҪУ֮һߡ
ⲻ֪ûĲɡʲô֣ȴ˼¡
ҲûκͤãةϾС
˵Ҫȥһ䣬Ȼȥ
ţ
ڡ
˵㣬ô˸һߣ
ű£˼һӱϣ⻰⻰˼
ɫȻصҲˣͷ͵ʲô£ͬ·ûӰ졣
ͷģʣôöλ
ĪҪⴧ˵˼Ļϡ
ҡͷ̾Ϣ
˴ݸĵģڲ¥˲裬ŷء
ھʱһа˫۾ţһһноز㲻̤
ԶŵܷƬ̣ղ
ة֮˵ףʮ꣬ǰ֮ȴžټŵݸһ΢ְλ
֪о·ʮңԶ
мȲգʿҴ壬ᱻߵôԶ
κͤҲֻǼʣƼթƻ֮һغ¡
ة
ǣκͤս˺üյĳ⣬Ȼκͤӡ
ôˡ
ⲻ£վһԣ˵
šκͤͷ˵
⿴ôӦةͬһ·дأв㡣
ôʱˣκͤҲЩ˵ľϣʱ㻺ԭҲû뵽żȻ֪ɣԷˡСȺȴϸ鷳δ˵֮£˿һҵȶһ֪·ҲǵһߣӴһиָȵУиԣٺܶ鷳ǣͨĵƣ᲻Ӧġ
κͤһ˵һ룬ûة棬ôŶʲô
ӺȻһű߼ʵ뷨˵òǳ˳ƯȻе⣬֣
һ˲κͤԼҪԼЦˣϽջв뷨
ûκͤ˵ȥһʱס벻Ļһʱ˦ˡ
գֳˡ
ֻǱ֮ǰһˡ
κͤò˸˵ˡ
ة˽ѧʶԽദԽִ˼
һ˵ԸоֹԼദ߶ȵϣ׿
رڲİ֮䡣
ʱھʹ¾ͿжԼӲܵˡ
ѧУһ¿ѧʱڣʶͬѧھһڵദӴ󣬾׼ȷѡһͬѧ
Ϊ˱ܻѡԼĽӽ
ةƺǳ֮ദ֮˿˸еܺκ̸֪ͤĸо
֣ҪôκͤۼΪϣҪôة̼ߡ
̸忴飬κͤԽԽˡ
ᣬԼ㣬黭һͨ˵ʲôܽϡ
ȻةҲԳκͤǳ
¥ϴ˵ȥѰף֪һңСڳУܰæ
κͤڰֵżһλĳôģʱ鷳ұزƳ١
ة֪ʲˣʹ˻⡣
һʮգԽȵˣ֣ˡ
þҲ
ʱô·ˣ·ʱŲ峿Ͱ
һյĸ֮հͻȻұꡣ
ʱκͤϿɽмһ
ǴʮΣյĵΣоԵУǺϮĺõضΡ
κͤ˼һϡ
ֱֱߵǰ棬Щ˵ʲô
Ϊ꣬ʯ·Ţǳߡ
ͷĴ꣬ķңƫƫߵüҡһΡ
̽̽浵Ķͷɫһ㣬㷢ˡ
Ƴһۣƽ˵£Īȹ·˵
Ⲣûһ½ȥ
ȥˡ
ȵȡ½ǶûһƬ˾ͳȥˡ
ֱͷѾߵźЩҸɡ
ô꣬һֽɡãȹֱֱǰߣһ߻ӿˣš
κͤŸԸ껰ͷͼɡҲܵʪյģֻԼ߹
̫ѨͻͻһҲ뷭
ȥһѽԼߣ׷Ѿӹɡ˳ţšüѵС̣ô꣬ܳʲôͷ˭
ס˴ڽŴսκͤԣס㷢ˣȥ
κͤһݣҵ飬ųǰߡ
һȹʪ˸͸ϰȹһ𣬽Ţʯ·һСľͱ˸ģҪκͤǣסҪ
κͤҲ鷳˵ѾͷҲŲˡ
ɡὫ˱ǰߡ
ɿһŽȥѾߣɾ·˵ȥ˳Ǳߡ
ѾѾڼţһκͤϽڳλãү￴ɡ
κͤ˵֡
漴ָͷȥľͬʱʣʱ֢״ʱȣ
һѾæش𣺡ЩΪȵġɤӾˣԼ緢ȡ
һӺκͤջ֣Գ˵ûʲô⣬õģͷҿЩҩ¾ͺˡ
ѾȴԱ߼ÿˣ²֪ʱ߳ȥ߳ȥ˻Ҫҵҩץҩ
κͤ˰̫Ѩҩҹȥá
˵
лҪ˵ȷ޸ġ

047

κͤҩ, Ѿߵȥι浳ˡ
ָһˮ²裬һ˵үڣ泵ôҩ, õҩ, , ȥҩ֭ӡ
海ҩѾҪ, ˵˯Ӱɡ
ҡҡͷǳǳҡ, ˯š
һ߿һʣأ, иϽɾѣ
Ѿ߻˵ģǱϣѾźţǲ⡣
浱ü, Ǳá
ԽԽ, ˿ûͣƼ
ۿ콥
ôÿ·ˡ
֪ʲôʱةҲ, ߵκͤߡ
κͤǣһƥ˵𣿡
ة緭, 䡣
ة磺Ҫȥ, 
κͤһںԱ, ͷ̽·ˡ
κͤһԶ˸⡣
ĵط뾡߳ȥҵ齵ĵطΣա
⿴ͷϿյ, මбɽ塣κͤʯɽ廬¡
ة磬߳ɽŵöã
ة˻֪κͤ˼ȴֻҡҡͷ֮ǰʱкãٶȸ죬Ҳһաδʱ̽Ͽɽʱǰܳȥһ˼߲ôٶȡ
ҪȥǱϾ֮·ҪѡҪκͤҲߡ
ù͵ùڽʱǴ죬ߵʼ꣬С䱩ꡣ
۷ĻҲҪʱ۷һһҹҪķ
κͤüͷ˸˼Ƭ̣˵۷ɡôù²ͣκͤҶĺ
ةҲ˼ԭҪκͤ۷û뷨κͤĸϡ
漴κ֣ͤԸͷתӦ£
ȥѾʣʲô¶ˣôˣ
ֽӻػǵƲãǰΣգү˵Ҫ۷ߡ
ⲻ˵ˡ
һأҡҡλΣʱ궯
˴һӣǰ̽·ɿ˻ɫ棬ӣǰ߲ˣɽˣ·סˣȥ
⻰һɫÿκͤͣ£ҹȥ
ةŹȥˡ
κͤ̾Ϣʲôʲôɽ廬¡
۷߲ͨû취ֻܺյͷ
ة翴κͤһۣ˵ͣͣԽԽΣա
κͤͷ֪ҹ·ˡ
شתң˵·סˣиԽ
Ѿߣô춼Ҫˡ˵Ӧҩ֪ЩûС
ֽȻ˵үںʲô
ֵһҪȥæҿѾȥүǱҩ϶ǳˣӦϢ
һƢԣ¶˯ŵġ
īҲ˵֮²ùһңүܳʲôȫ·ʪ˸͸
иȥ˵ҡ
Ա߾ŵ˻ȥˡ
ʱκͤ
̿ӾҪ̽ȥκͤһָֻסɤͳ浽ʪˮŪһڳá
ûˣ˵춼ˣȴʲôΪβϣ
κͤЩ嵲ſڣ˵Ҫҹ·ҪţԹԴڳҪǶ˾ȳЩ˾˯£Ҿ档
Ŵ
κͤѾչ˺ó⣬ˡ
κͤ⣬īֽҲ졣
˵үʲ˵ᣬСٺûˣЩ檵Ĳ֪ǿ˶ٱ
֪УѾ߶κͤʮ硣
ҹ·ǳѣʹӶ˵ҲֻЩ΢Ĺ⡣
ױ
ӻн
Ӻҹ˳һҹ
û˯һѣһѡ
Һãҹȥδ⣬ǿ߳
ǰκͤôһյҲˣȵ˵ĵطЪϢ
ة˵ϿȵҪһӣ֮һղܵݡ
κͤǾͿЩɡһ·ÿ˶ǽƣߡ
Ϊȥ˯ûۣͲ̫ãֽšӸ
ο˵̰ɣѾɽȣϾҪˡ
Ƴһۣô֪
ֽųͣһȥˮү˵ġ
ʣǱˣ
Щû񣬵ѾȣҩšֻܵȽ˳ٺúա
ȥˣסˡ
콥һ˼нʱȻة˵ӱߡ
û뵽µ⡣
˰ռһҹ꣬ˮˣԭȵűû棬ˡ
κͤة硣
ة˼һָ˸򣬡ûǴĻӦǱߡ
Ƿֿȥҡ
Ӻ
Զӣҵˣ
κͤߣȥɡ
߽ȥԣˮ͵ϥǡ
ǰװĽţ˳õκͤة
Ӻܳܿ죬κͤԿţߵʮס
Ϊԭ򣬺ӿȣҵԶûƽʱƽ峺
ʲôκͤͻȻڡ
ߵΪ£ǰ˼˵ʲô
κͤüһ壬ǣûǣղź񡭡
Ȼһ٣ɫ䣬˶ͣ¡
Ȼʾһɲǣ
Ȼˣŵǵı֮
Ŷˣ
˲ã¶֡
ǰһӣκͤƫף󺰵ة磡ҿǳ
꣡䣡
˻
жˣһͬļĺУ

048

κͤŶϵǰһɲ, ͷɿ˹ȥ
ȥָϳԯľų׶ѣ¡һ, Ż
ȫˮС
һ¡
ǵصˮ˲, һˮ
ĺ, ڡ¡
֪˶, κͤˮ
⻹ڣˮøϽȥ
κͤתͷ, Ŀܿ, ֲԶѾֻʣСˮ
ֽŲƴǰȥ
ڣڹ๾, ˮ, κͤһץסᣡ
κͤס, ǱˮףĴ, ҵš
ϸϸȥ, һ, ԥνȥ˳
ȻΣһƳˮ档
κͤ˼
һȻǻī
̫ˡ
¿ţ·ޱ޼ʡ
κͤٶȣûʶĻī˰, ˵Ըߵĵط¡
Ȼѹ˼ķθգӺī³һˮ
κͤ۾
վٴ˺С
ĻˮˮΪԭ򻹱Ƚļô˵һط
ߺʮһ𼸸˳һʱλӡ
κͤһ£Ƶ͵ȥѾȫˮС
κͤһǰΣ۾ĴѰңһֳȥѭ
Ӧкײ
ḡˮֲ˶ãг浣֪ةڲߡ
κͤԽȴԽ侲ҡ
ֱֱζȥ
һһǱˮС
֪˼ӣʮӡ
ˮпһ
κͤιȥһһֱһַȥ
ǳ⡣
ûʶκͤһ
ܿ죬˳ˮ档
κͤ˷ڵطѹһһ߽⣿ѡ
ûӦκָͤ°̧˹
һһ¡
Ӻ󣬳ë˲۾
κͤʣûﲻְ˲ϵˮ
˾ɫ԰סû˵֡
κͤϰԼôˣǲܣ
˫ֻסκͤ
һκͤ
κ̧ͤ˳ĺ󱳣ûµģˡ
ðΣֹ
κ֣ͤ˵أ
κ֣ͤϢȥҡ
ûţةҲû
κͤš
˺
һߣ浵ˮ֮󣬳Ҳˤ˳ѾǶˮɢ
ةôǵκͤĻųȥ
˵ùǼܳˮͳŵδһʱϡ
ˮ˿ȥ˺þá
浵ʱͷӺײ˼£ƴˮĺԶ
ة˳˹ȥ
ңڽ浾˻
Ҳ˲Ů֮𣬱˰
ة̾˿ĵĪǷ̫꣬ùһھˮ
ͳ񻹻ţҲӲ
浰Ǻļˮ³ˡ
㻹ðɡ
ֿ˼£˺һ˵ӡ
ة磺ţڡ
ӣأأ𡣡
ﲻ̫ż¥ڣӦû¡ڱˮΣӦЩԶˣﻹܲߣ
浱˱ۣ˲ۣѾƽ
ӣһ¡
ةü֣ס⡣
վֱͦ˱ǰߡ
һ룬ȴͻȻһģһϥһʹˡ
ة缴ʹסڵϣʣôˣ
üȥףȻһֵѪ
Ķˡ
һÿʪ͸һȹӣĿľʺѪɫ
浵Ľױ֪ʲôһ˿ڣڻڷɿðѪ
Żã֮˿ڴĵ
ðѪˡة
˵գһ˺Լµ°ڣ浵˿ڰ
ֳһۣ˵ǲ⡭Ҵȥɡ
¼Ȩ浲ظ֮ˡ
˵ͷ
ةҲû˵ʲô߹ȥ
ˮںӵԣǰȥѰκͤǡ
˺ðգǱҲ˹û²һ
˶û£ֻһ˵ˡ
ֻʮֲá
ֻ˻Ķȥࡣ
κͤʱ߲ˣҵطš
ǣ
˺ӣֻҵط
ԵǴģЩᡣ
һһͷóѡһƽؿʼ
ߣκͤѳ浵˿ϴ£ֻ̫ңҲ֪Щҩûûҡ
ͼѾ߶ʪ·ˮǾţҪա
ڽͣˣɢҪ硣
Ѿ𣬵Ǿһһҹı꣬Ұûһɲ
ֻա
ճ󽾰ʲôһȫʪ͸ɢң⣬ذףﾫ㱡
κۣͤ߹ȥ˲ñ̽̽ͷ¶ȡ
Щôûﲻ
ҡҡͷ
ǱߵﶼˮϴĶûС
ʱĶ
κͤóͳȥһ£ʪ͸
߰˸ѾͷȥܱңûдũǮЩǺõġ
κͤöˣԾͷ𵶴ţֱš·ϵˮ
ʱ򣬳ȥ߰˸һʳԵõģмɲһЩɾӣѡ
˻𣬾ܺ·ˮ
һѾ߶ˮȥλӲ壬ٰʪ·
Щࡣ
ǴӴϢǰ߼·ǱҲſԹӡ
Դһ£·ˣװ
һڵݡ
һݸϰһҿջѾ߳ȥܴĸɾѡ
κͤȥһݣѴ
˶˵ûʲô󰭣ֻЩܾǾͿһҩ
ߺκͤԼҲ˿ˣҩѾȥץҩ
ҩúκͤԼӴҩҩҲŽȥǳ¡
浽ϵҲϺõҩ
ʵ˾Ԫͳ浣СڹнųﾭЩ
ϴ󣬾ϴЪϢˡ
ҹѹأڶѾ߾͸κͤ˵ˡ
£ҾͲߣһʱ䣬ȳͳȫˣܶ
ة磬ζл㣬Ҫ㣬Ҷ֪ôڳȥҴз䡣
¥ֺαô֮ǰһҸһߣС˵ĪĶ顣εôԹۣҶ£ǲеҡ
κͤЦЦ˵öԡϣι󣬺·˳ƽ
ģͷҲûʲôҪĵˡ˴ôˡ
κͤ޴󰭣ֻЩšͺáڽϣ⼸ղ߶ֻˡ
Ǳá
ڿջ÷
󣬾׼һͬȥ濴
Ͼ٣ҪȥУкܶණҪ׼ġ
ԵõģҪκͤԼĺܶҩģ֮ǰ׼ĺܶҩ裬ǴӴҩһģ
ǳͨûʲôر֮ʵҩЧȴǳܡ
κͤҪٵһЩҩʱˡ
˻ɣȻնˣôգˣ
ҪʱǿԴڻ
лҪ˵ȷ޸ġ


049

·ҪĸǶ׼, ĶѾȥ
κͤ©ȱ벻ĵط
׼, ʼӺĶûñ, ϾҲûܷȥ׼
ջ¥ķ
ί, ·Ҳûӵ¡Ѿ˵ȵ˰ͺˡ
ҡͷֺ˵, ʲôίҵ˲ɡȥȥӻ, ôིͷ
ѾһЦū˵, һأĪֶ˵ǹϻͨ͸
浽µ˿ûãţ˵
塣
弼, ͨŮˮƽ, ƽֻȤ򷢴Ͼʱˡ
, Ѿ̡
˾Ͳͷˣ, ˵ҪѾߡ
һӲ, ʲô, Ժͬˡ
Ųѣߴ˴
ŻϾ£ĵһˣĸĲأ
ͣû˼, Ȼдֺˣдƣֿ־ˣ
һۣûûС
ǽ㿴ҵֺˡ
ɫ磬
Խãǰȥ¿д֣ôҵľͿˣ
海²豭̾һ˭ܵң
Һõúܡ
õúܾ塣
ߵѾ߼֪ôľͺȻ˵ƣȥˣҲǹ͡
࣡
̣浵ͳ
аѾ˲عһ£Ȼͨһ¹ڵϣūģˡ
ҳȥվš
Ѿ߰һȥˡ
ﰲ
Ƭ̣ЦѾʲôܣҲܡĳ¹֥ˣ˭ǵã㲻˵ġ
浱˱ۣˣԼϢҾһ
˦ӳȥˡ
ü۳лһĥꡣ
һѾ̾˵²ֹܣǳǴĽᡣ
ȥˡ
ܷ꣬мϲտοʼĶڣƫڻ滭һϱ˼ߵ츳
·˫ܱɫ֮ϸ΢ܿԳɻ֪ô±ʡ
ԭô˵ҲǵˣֻСǸĺӣŮŽ˵ԼѧѾ̲ˡ
ܷ˻ܼʦµʱĳ⡣
ү͵츳ѧضȲߡ
ֻǺһ¡
ѲŰѱ˷Ϊܶ˿ߡ
һͻϣͬһҵĹìܣ˱˵Ҳ̫Щ˭ͬƵģΪԼʻµһ˲ɣȴ֪ԼＸ˵⻰ɸͬұһߣӽٲûʣǲң
⵱ʮ꣬ǰ㽾ݵ裬Ӧ¡
һʱ֤ò֡
ǣˡ
ʶԺ󣬳ûʡ
һԵʣǸŭˣǳܼѧ鷨ʱϷ˴ʶһˡ
ǹ游ǽһλ黭ңСڽϣڽҲǺвصྩ֪˵׻滭Ķǳҵ
˶⣬صȥʶ˳浣ͬΪѡ
ǹﲢ濴ȥô򵥣ʼ֮أӽ浣ֻΪ˼һĳ
μͻ磬ֻ˳⡣
·󣬳ȥ÷˼һ£ΪģֻΪԼסѵ
̨ں˽ٸһ䡣
ȴȥ
ÿÿ˭˵£浱ض鲻á
Ѿ߲ǰţȥˡ
ﲻ룬ﲻֱֱֳиסǴɫĲţ˷š
*
κͤڿջСϿ飬һҳû֪
ˣ
ɼǰûȥκͤȴ˵ơ
κͤŹ䣿
һֻƤʲôɹġ
⻰˼Ǿܾӳ˵κͤ⣬ǴӦ
߰ɣǶ죬ظ˼
ȥ·ˡ
ϳϣκͤ˵ҼζûһأȥЩµĺˡ
һϻӶȫ
ͷ϶Ҳûһ
ʮ꣬С涼ȱƯ
κͤԸӦųݸͷӡ
κͤŮģټûС
Ҫྩ¶ϣûʶǣưˡ
̻Ʒǳɫκͤ¥룬һкеĺûʵκͤǰڣκͤҲûʼ۸һһԴ
һףϺõĶ
öÿˣ໥ӳ
κͤѳ⵱ְ޴磬һ˵ⷢٲʺϴӣʹˡ
˵žʹӽóһͨ͸Ͼˮͷǳõ浴ϡ
ҲŪ۾תתȥһ档
Ȼˣ赭д˵֮ǰ˵˴ȥϷģྩﻹ˼á
κͤһ
˵ôˣ
ȴ޾Ӧ
ͷ
ݸϷ԰֮һз԰
³ǰκͤɴӲɴڶϡ
Ȼǣ³
˷԰
ǳ֣ӵĺܣһȺˡ
Ҳ˴Ů˵ģ˿ǰ档
Ȼ˼ҲǷޡ
ô֪һ§һùõЦȤǷ޵ĻκͤҲ޻˵
Ϸͨλ͹λ
һһ¥һڶ¥
κͤȻĶ¥Ʊ
ӽȥĿת۽Ƶġ
ʲôʵκͤõƱ
κͤ𣺡Ʊдǵλã㿴ڶ¥ҡ
ʲôҡҡһ
ˮ͵ĳʳģһҡ˹ˡ
Щǽ԰ʱģϸֻҪеģϷ԰Ӷ
Ϸ԰ﶼһǶпˣԸ
ߣ
ͷ٣˽ģδɴġ
κͤΪ⣬⵱û˿ҲͲˡ
˶¥ȥá
ȥϷ̨һ棬涼Χ˸߸ߵ硣
ֻ֮һ
ϷͿˡ
㿪ʼѽѽ֮
һ߿κͤһͬ˵
ⷬȥĸ˵ôã
˵Ҫȱѡú׵ˣ䶨˱֮󣬴ܻء
κͤ˵˵Ҫں飬⣬ûͬ˵ϵĸҲø֪һźá
ģһšĸʶúģʲôԼ
κͤϵͷȴԼضͬʲôϵȻҲһҪѳӴϡԲǵΪһ֡
ˣͻȻһ
ţôˣ
ĸдŷڴϴǶˮˣżԼ϶ǻˡ
ֵκͤοˣģɼ⼸к쳣ǽףǲǣⲻ󡣿ڣôһˣʲôŶǿ
Ϸ
Ĳ壬ҪҪһ
κ̫ͤˣ̳ܿͰ¶
Ϸһȥ
԰ſڣֿʱǼ˹ˡ
ֻ§ŹϸȻļɽϷˣʱЦ֮
⾪סˣֱֱ
ֱκְͤ۾һ棬ϡ
ˣȲ衣
κͤѵһ
ǡɡͰ͡
κͤһüΣԸҲܲš
ˣ̶컯գ񣬲
컯²ɡκͤһЦ˶ٺ󣬵ǳϡǲǾͿˣ
۾ٿȻ̧ͷ
һ룬κֱֱͤѹ˴ϡ
лҪ˵ˡ

050

κͤһֱų, һַĺϡ
ȵǡ
ϽڵĴҲ
˺ܾãʵ
κͤͷſ
κͤ, ȷǶԳѾͷ˵㷲ġ
ſ侲һ, ȻĶͷ, ͵ͺô벻̸
ⱻŪþ㱣˼Ư, ֪ʲôӦ
κͤĻʶڣ̸ʲô
̸ǡκͤ, Ȼ˵һ仰
۾ʪˣë, ۿ죬ɫ
κͤ۾һ¡
̶ʣӦ𡣡
˫ֳԱߣüۣ, ۲ת, һһĹ⡣
ΣӦ
*
˻, Ը˺һ󣬰Ƿŵ, æȥ˳, ǲûˣ
ɫ, ͷûˡ㵱ʱɹɣҲò״ǲͳȥģʧˡ
, ôģĸ׸ţ
֪ôżʲôҿʮ֣ͷд˷ŽŷҲʹá
۾˽¿ţ̶ǲʣ㻹Ҫд
üû⣬ԹȥԱߣĥīֽ̺ţʣߣϢдһ֡
ŵĸ׸ʱŷδᣬܿ˼ֹܿҲܿҪĸ׵ıʼдһ⡭海ëʣڱϣתų⣬¼Ȩĸˣ
šһţ˵ƿԡ
ȥֽϵֻ֣дţᣬĵ֮ŵܷ˵֡
⿴⼸֣˻üʲôŵ
浰ֽŽŷ⣬á˵ǡӦĸһʲô֮ġȵʱ˾֪ˡ
ûˡ
浽ãһٴγ·ǰС
ʱ䣬Ѿһ·̣Żа¾ܵ
Ѿµףʮ㣬¶Ⱥܸߡ
ʱ·ʵһѰ£ȻҲֻҧˡ
ة£κ̸ͤʱһ£¥ֻҽ
κͤͷһЩҸǴ򡣡
ֵҼ¥׼˺ЩҩģԭǼѧ
κͤЦЦ
֮ةκͤ˵ʱˮѹΪ⡣
ѵѯˮȷκͤĸһʲôķθգԼ˹á
ˮûʶ΢ͱʵʩ˷˵׼ܾȱһ
ة̣ܽΪȻֵ¥ֲǿʶʶƣĻ塣
ҵ
һ·ͣͣͣͣߡ
ºһڵִС
ʻ⣬¥Ϲŵ˶󡰴֣˽һɵĸо
߰ɣǡκͤһԸ
գֹ֨ڶ
ݸ֡
Ѿƿһ񴰣泵ˮ
ֽԴӳྩǣһµӶˡ
īһ֣Խûûˣһ£ҿĶҰˣȥһ׼Ĳ㡣
ֽЦģûīֲڼУȥȻʡõģǧ֪ˡ
ǹԶɣīƾһ¡
һ϶ֱȥۣ˿ջ齣۵¡
˴ݸةҪһ˷ֿˡ
κͤ¥֣ȻؼҴһЩ˽£Ѱ㡣
κͤ˵ãͬ˵˼仰ةȥ
շѾߵ֣Žŵպÿ뿪˵һ䣺ˣ
κͤһЩ£ȻҪȥŪס·һ䶼ûةӣ϶ưոݡ
ةôˣͦº͵ģ
κͤһЦҡҡͷˣ˵ˣȽջ
ڶգκͤȥۣ֪ڴݸǳ·׽һʶ֪
ػʱ˵
ҲһȻ֣ô˵̫յŮʥã궡ҳҲûǣϣߴݸ˴಻֪֮£ֻ֪ʥϴ͵㹻ðսֵ
ͷأ˵ϴ͹ۣͺţʢ˵ݸطÿ¶Ҫȥ㡣
κͤͷʾ֪ˣȴȻǻһ¡
ʣة˵ǰ游οɻˣ
Ͱѵڴص˵ˡ
ȴԭڵĿة游˾ӣة˽ӣű˾ӻؼҡʵһ
˾ͽ󣬾ټԼ٣ԼĹϵһԼչ˰һԼ
Щоԣм漸ּκ֪ͤ
Ϳ£ة糤ʮ꣬һ常ǰ£ԶȥһϲµְλλֿشҲʲô
κͤ˵ѹةССͣΪ˴¾ʮ˼ǼµľĶࡰ޲ߡ

051

ѹة֮ǰ˵һ֮¡Ҳ, Ͼҳ󲻿˵֪˵˾䡣
κͤû˵֮Ҳǰ¡۵ɡ
⼸վȥݷá
ֻ᣺˵ϲ, ٹһ涼ѡ
κͤһü޷, һŹȥ, ˿ʲô̬ȡ
Ҳͬ⣬ͷԸѾ߰Ƿó, κͤ
ĸдģġ
Ƴ˳ۡ
浵硣
κͤȻ, ɫˡ
͹ȥԼȥݷá
˶û顣
ڶ, ۻ˵ͺţӦˡ
ҵ˳°١
ͳ⿴ЩѰ, ʳ浣˵ǸʲôˣָȻǺ
֪, ֪ΪʲôôʣͼԼ֪˵˵Сϻۻǳ, һº̫ԵΪŮԼߡԼǴ.ꡣ
Լ, ǳ, Լﶼû, ĸôǵİ˵ģҪˣҲֲϰߡ
ġ
˻˵ǵһýô죿
һЦǾҪͷˡ
ߡ
κͤų浺ͳǰۡ
, С˵
⣺ߵͬʽһҲÿǰҷһֲ˿ϵᱡʺա
浣ʢɫУʶࡣ
ȥҪҪЩ񣿡
ӾǴĶûˣ½Ƿû⡣ţƽ֮ˣȥãȾ͹ȥ˰ɡ

ڳ⣬ЩԶġ
ʻ˽ʱŵ
ɽϣҪһʯݡκͤͣɽ£ԼȻóͳ³ᡣ
Į̇ףһۿͷ̧ͷֻۡ
Щɽֵĸо
⻷ܣڣ޽òطҲãơ
κͤͬȷ
߰ɣȥ·ʱЩκͤǳ׵ȹӶЩġ
עء
ǹʱ緹ͳˡʢɽ¾Ϳˣܶ໹ǴӹģѾݺʦү
ɽ°˼Сֽ̯ģģһЩС
˰ߣһһߵ
۵š
˶ġ֣ۡƮ졣
ʣʥϴ͵֣
Ӧˣ͵ƣ۵ʮԺգٹ˶мӡ
۵ǲСһһ
κͤǵ˰ݷõӵģһСһš
һŽȥλʩ롣
˱һĵԺӡ
ԺһȻСϪԱ񣬻㡣Ϫ߲Զһ˽ͤһʯĸʯʡ
λʩڴЪϢȥ
С£һȥˡ
ԼһӣԺǰűƿ
һһɫۣͷ٣Űɫڽˣ̤롣
Ʈ죬ݳƷˡ
òɣһܱȣͨ˼֮ס
κͤԹһ۾´òز࿴
⿴ãֻȳ浸ʹ˸ɫҲ˸
쿴κͤκ¥ˣ
¾ˡ
ǰ˸͵ţʲôˣ
κֻͤûش𣺡ү̩ɽܷĸ
ϱһ˲
תλϣʣʲô֣ˣ
òĸ߷ƣۣЩˡ
ΪǽȻ˵Լͳ˵һ顣
ۿʮºͣ˼֮󣬾Ͷų˼ĸԭһöҴ壬ϣҿ
ͱ⿪ӣԼ
ݵ˺ǰ
ģ˺һǻʲô£׺ԼҲ
һ𣬷ģⶫһʯɵһ鶫ֳû뵽ڻܼ
ֻ˷ǡ
緹κͤ˵ྩ£ԼһΪˡ
ƽ˵Ĳ飬ºͿȥʮֺദȻҲΪԭ
ϸϸ˵˳浵¡
ûôԥʹӦˡ
ó£Լʫ顣
ֻҪﲻӹࡣ
ݸҡ
ֵҲסհɡ
ͷá
ù緹κͤԼȥˡ
պӳ⡣
κͤȻӦ
κͤؿջةˡ
¥֡
κͤ죬ة磿ʲôʱġ
ûãյ˵¥ȥۡ
šκͤͷ˵ةʲô£
ʵչȷһֳæ
˵
κͤһ¡
ة̾һΣڣһֱûͬ¥˵Ҽ֮£Ϊݡ游˾Ǵݸǰز٣ʮʱ͹ˣ֮ұ̫ԭ游ӣ޸ĸ游󣬺һıΪ»ƾٵλϡ
ةһڲ裬żЦ֮ҼꡣҲñۣʵǣһ޷á
κͤʣʲô£
游ʱżһ·£Ĵ漰Ķڶ࣬·ʮʱ棬游ᶨһţԻǿˡ
游¾кĵ£̱ͣ꣬¿أἰȻûβȥˡ
ȴڽྩɹλˣ˵Ҫ޴·֮£ǣ겦ɿһ£аʮʱм¼Ҳڿⷿġ
ֶȴ游̰ī˶ʮӣ޳ն
κͤţҲüͷ꣬ة磬ô㣿
ֳ֪ͻȴʵûˣةȻվһֱֱ¡
κͤæةˣ˵
ة΢ƣ游ǰһѣྩһ٣е鵱֮µĹԱ֮¡ǰ飬Ȼݵ΢޷üˣֳ壬ҵһӡ
κͤ󣬳ã˵ҿǿǡ
лҪ˵ˣû

052

κͤһʱ޷˴, Ȼʶة磬ة˵²˽⣬ʹة, Ҳһ֮ԡ
˾ة游, ϻƫҲδ֪
ة, ΪξȷЩһͬ游ûйϵʱ㻹С, Ҳȥô꣬û֤ݡ
ةָ, ˳ŵֳĽǶĻдʲ֡һ϶游޹, ȷΪ游ΪˣʮأԹΪ·Ҳһš
ҷǼ, 游֪ҵĴںҽӻ, Դ˴Խһһж游, Ҳ֪˲˵ЩΪû֤ݡ
ʶ, һ·ݵʱ, ҿʼزõ֮¡游Ϊп, ⷿʮһͬĻλִĹ٣Ǽᣬ¼ڰ
Ҫȡ, 뱸Կףһſ顣
ԿףһԿ游ƹܣһԿĹ֮һУһλĹٸ顣ҪȡҪΪ˽
游֮Щϵ˵İ¼֪ľڼ¼游ȥͷһ죬ϼ游ȡԿףȡȫӡ
ҵѾʮ꣬вδһ£Ȼһα¼
ǣ˽ѰҵĹǿڹУһ³ʵĸϽһְ֮Ҫ֪Ե죬һȥݷˣȴ˼Ҹҡʱ̶ңֻܷת
֮Ҷ෽飬ڴһλĹٵ١ԭѾǰȥݡ
游ʮεҲŻ뿪ǰݣ
游ʶļ˶һչˣ˸дһټ飬ȥһСְ׼ҵ˺Ż¡
κͤü˷游ף
û뵽ة缥һЦֳһûô档ĿϢرŪȥǶ˶ʱѱˣǷڣԼµͨӽˣֱնԷİѱ
κͤһ̾Ƴһۣʧˡ
ةԳһЦǰûֳĻ
Ȼȥٸ𸴡κͤ˵ֱף˼ӣȻȻ˵㵥֪С㣬ȴ֪ҵԼôȢġ
ةһ
κͤһߺȲ裬һ˵ʵ¼е¼ޡҸźѼκȴֻоСҽΪܽԵҲΪһ£Ҳգ֮ҶǷͷȻãȴõġ
κͤЩ˲ͬĵطڣν棬ռ˱ȴҪԸȢΪܣ
ʹ˿ʸȨƸۺ˵Ự˿϶ٲˡ
κͤЩѹϡ
̹ޱȡ
˵ʱҲɫ̹Ȼûӡ
̬ȷ˾ͶΪ϶ˡ
ة磬һӴκͤ󣬾Ǹɽύ֮ˣ֮ദͶġ
Ŀ¼κ̹ͤ˵Լ˽£Ƕܲ򵥡
ǵΪֳˣֳʮѰ죬ҵû˵ⷬɡ
κͤЦ£Ȼڰ֣ˣȻȥɣ
ةл뿪
ةߺκͤҳֽʣة緽˵ĻϵҪг˸ϵͼȻ
ֽȥԼһ£ǰӾеļλԱֱ˭û˭Լʵп⼸˽·Ρ
ȥ顣
Ӹ˵κͤ϶Ըة磬ǰة˵游Ǳԩġ
̰ī˿ˣԷ˱һ棬鷳ĵطʵǣةΪ˾ӣ游һԼˡ
ǰ;ᣬסһ
ȻûʮϿɷע̷һ˷ȫӻǺܳġ
ֻǴ಻ѳŮװˡ
ǳ̩˽ֶζס
ŷԸµ£ڶκͤǰ㱨ˡ
һλˡһλǴգһλŴˡһλڸ󳼺¡
κͤЩȣһطݸ̰.۰鲻֣Ҳ֣Ϊ永СĿǣһڸ󳼾ͱȽˡ
κͤʣ˭Ϊף
ȻǺشˡ𣬼κͤû˵ˣּ棬ȥʣǷʲǸ֮ˡ͢ո˰ⱾѰǷ֣Ͻļڣ˰һĿ˰˰Ƕ˰˰һͽɼ˰˰ĿжĲ˰˵һӷּ֮ÿҪԭ˰귽ɽԭ֮һͽظ˰
˿ӣⲿǲġ
Ҫ˵ǾͲҪּҲͺˣʵϲô򵥵¡Ϊ˶ն˰涨һ˼жȫɼҺּңÿ˰ͲǮ档
λô󵨣
κͤôʣһתҲ뵽һ仰
߻ʵԶ
˰˼Ϊ˶Ҫһ··ߡ
ũҲЩ
£ǾϽ¸֣֮Ҫı׷ҲзǣԼϡ
ȥܱߵطκͤ˵
ͷˡ
¿Կλʵȷʲôˡ
͢ĹԱͲ֪ةһ
κͤҪúһ롣
գκͤȥ۰ѳ˻
ûеˣ˵˼仰嶺
³ʱѾĿ糺졣
ۺôκͤʡ
˵ͦãʮˬǸĺõطҿ㶼ˡ
ƢԽһһĺãκͤһ·Ҳʶ֮ǰò׼̬ȣ¿ԤҪúܶࡣ
ˣ⣬ǿҪжЩӡ
ճûֻǲ֪κͤôͻȻô
Ҫãʲôôʡ
ة£ʱȲߡ
ˣ
ţģ˵Щ¡
ûˡ
ֹ˼գκͤȥة硣
˺κͤ˵ҪԼһλˣΪξ˻㣿
ةüۣɫ͸һݲĳȡ
ֳӦ뵽ˣһЩ
κͤٿڣ֪λˣһλ
ة磺ڸ󳼺¡
κκͤҿΪ
ة̺ƹмֶݣлֳֳСû
ˡκͤһЦˣһˣҲܰˡ
ȻӦˣκֺͤة˵˼䣬֪˰ǵ£ة϶ҲƸ㡰΢£һҡʡ
ةҪԼ游ϴɣ϶Ҫʵ֤ݡ
ȥشˣбض̡
Լշִ硣κͤһ䡣
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бɽׯȴûκͤԼȥ
κͤԼӦ
⻻ѣһͬǰȥ
ǳģ˱ɴ
֪ྩıɽׯΡ˵
κֻོ֪ͤлʼұɽׯ
ʣȥ
ʱɢɢ۾ʱ棬ò⣬ȥʺҷŮ죬ĸ׽ﶼˡ
һ·˵Ż͵˱ɽׯ
ɽׯǰʱڣһλԱ޽ġ
˱طһ澰㣬ֻӴݵλˡ
ѳ浴ӳҴǿݵһܽȥˡ
ɽׯ汻ɽˮƣɽ¿·ɽ֣Ʈ졣
˽ȥˬ֮ʱ
㣬ǣ㡣κͤ
ֵ̧ݹȥȻǰˣ۾Ͳˡ
ôˣκͤЦʡ
κͤѰ߿ȥ
Ϳ߹ˡ
֪ǰģҵС㣿
˵һλŮӡ
û˵κͤоЩԾ
֪ǡٿһЦ
һ˲̧赭дһλ


053

λ·Ů, еķ֪ǣ⻰ȴǹ𴽽һЦ
ƷѾߵǰߡ
ɼСǹ˶£Ǽǰ, Ŷ, ǻǸٰͻء
ǰü, Ǽٰȥˣܸǵá
໹ͬƵĲ, Ҳ֪ɻЩҲ¡
κͤü, üԵʱ
һͳ˹ʦԡ
ѭȥֻһ, üۿʷǳ̤ԶԶ
֪Ǽӵһ̣˲¶ϲɫǻǾס, ֵظ˸, ʦ֡
֪ǽʦֵˣֽ, 
κͤ˷ºλ񡣡
κͤصκͤ, λ׾, ع񡣡
ʦ˵״, Ƕų˵ġ
һӵԵһ£ҵֻλԺ˵ҲҪ˼ɲźã򣬾Ͳ֪عǲǻػضܳ񡣡
ǽʵʵѷ֪Ǹղ˵Ļ˻ȥ
㡭
סڡ
ƽ, ȴзֹ֪ס
һźʦ֡
Ϊ
֮ͬκͤ˵˼仰󣬲Ŵŷ֪뿪
ߺκͤʣ⣬ʶˣ
ɫѣڸش˵ӡ֪ǣͬԸжԹͬ˵һ仰Ƕġ
κͤȴ鲻ˣⲻ˵Ҳȥʡ
ֻȻϲˡߣȥ𴦿ﾰá
˵Ŷһȥ˱𴦡
Ǻκ̲ͤס룬ȻǺµӣ
ôôɣ
Ҫةдȥݷú£תͷȼ˵ӡ
ڱɽׯ˰˾ɽˡ
ܵӰ죬ûиʱǰ㿪ķɡ
κͤѳͻؿջϢԼֳţȥة硣
һͷκͤ뿪
ֱȥһҡ
ʦ֪֡ǽһ
üۣ俴֪ǣ޶ȥȴΪΡ
֪ᵽ⣬иǺ޲ȥ뿴Ц
ź棬ұ¶Ǿ˵ţʦˣûҪԳ˼ֻżƼˣǰкֻλ˵û˵̲סŶ˵һ䡣
ˡڰ֣֪ǽ͡
һ˲۾
֪﷢ֲԾӡ
֪֣˵ûûУȥ㣬˵ڣȥ˱ɽׯҲŹġ
ûʲô飬ȴʮˣǲСԺ£Ҳ档
ʦ֪֡Ȼʦôô˵
ҽȥ
ʦ֣ǲǾ۸ǳ⣬ǰȻȡ
Ѿ貽׼뿪ĺؽһӶסˡ
ȻתüʲôЦЦһ£þȡ
֪ǲԾһС
ǲΪƭ˴ңٵľܳģǲʱˣԼΪӮ
֪ɫէէ죬￪ʼˣΪʲôҪ
ʦ֣˵ˣ
ȻƵģǶЩ΢΢𣬡֪ǣҪǼǵû㼤ŭͬȴ͵ҵĻҽʡ
˵˵źüͷ壬˵˶䡣
ʮ츳򼵶ƻ֪ǣ̫ʵ軭һ
֪Ǿ˵ڰ·̣Ѿѿ巢
ɫû֮ǰԳʱʢ˺͵⡣
ҧŴ㱵ʦּȻѾ֪ˣôʱΪʲôû˵û˵ҲǺͬˣǺǡ
ȫû飬ʲôʦãͨ˶硣
ҵȷˣҪΪھΣÿһ£ͻֿǷһءϣ·
֪ܲˣ񸾣ʲôãΪửҲửʦôӲһ䣡
ˣѷͻȥ
ٲȻѾû֪˵ȥ뷨
ˣͻطҡ
ȴԭ֪ǾǵǸͳĻĹ㡣
֪ǵ游ǽ黭ң֪ʱֳ˼ֻ֣ͱ游ѧ
ֻû뵽ǸԵĵͣʱʱ
֪ʮ游Ͳٽ̫ӣ黭;ĳɾѾ
֪ԼҲֻ֪ǲԸϣӪԼŮ˶ͯĸֿޡ
Ƿ֪游ĵӣͽڻһ;츳ߣǷ֪ܱȡ
֪ͶԺ˰Ľ֮ģؾųҹû㰵һǺĵ͡
֪δȶˣ˴ķʵľ֣֪ԼȲϳ⣬ˣԵǷ游͵ĺĻ
ʱʮ֣꣬ʴ⾳ۣˡ
ܴ
֮ûգ֪£ԭ÷֪ȥٽ˵
û뵽ϷҪ˵򣬷֪ǵͻˣҹҪˡ
Ѿأ˲Ϣ˼ģǷ̫үҲʦˡ
Ϊʦ֪²ףȻʦĸѸߣܲô̼£͵ΪʦĽ֮ɡ
꣬Ƿһ仰ú޷׷ȥ
˺³˺һĽᡣ
鼸ȥ֪ȴ֪ȥƳ⡣
һЦ
еĶ˷ӣȴɼ˶äϹ
*
κ֮ͤҲѾ߿У֪˵ȼ롣
Ȼ֪֪һ硣
ǳĽᣬοҲûãû˵Ĳңʱ̣öԷԴһʡ
κͤѾƻմȥɢģܰѲļ׿һˣϾ˵ޣһռݣһ϶Ҫλ
κͤһеĵͼֽһʲôɢĵĵط
˵иӦʱĵضΪȪ
ȪúʹﶬϲȪ෴ʺ档
κͤһͣ׹ȪǴӸɽ˳ɽȪˮȡ
ͺñӾأֱӾظߵ
⼸ո£κͤȥɽһȪ̸
ڶվҪȥ
ŶһЩա
⴨ݸôЩҲˮ˭Ҫȥ
κͤһЦùǳˮҲһ׶Ͳˡһһԣҿ㣬㸡ˮòã
˵ãһ˵һѣת˫һš
˵ˣʲôˣò֪ߣ
κͤ
ֻӾѡ


054

, ֱɽ¶ȥ
ȪĵطҲ˽ӡ
ӣӡ
ˮԴǴɽɽȪˮһƬطļҲȪˮ, լԺɽˮ, ֳһһ, ָɫ
ڳⷽպĳӣκͤǶ, һһ
ΪûѾ߹κͤȥѳⰲٺ, ˮƽ֮ǰĹ, ǲŮˮġκͤżһҲ޷
һݣʱĪˣ˾ЩҾһԺ, ˵Ҹͷκͤϸϸ
ͷ
ԱߵŰи, ʹ˵ģʲô¾ҡǸ, Ѿ߽֪ô
ˡ
ͷһֵط, һԺһ, ɽ, һζ
Լ˵Ļæκͤȥ
κͤ͵һЦתͷȥԼԺӡ
Ƚȣʣ㡣ͱȽܡ⴩Ҫ·, ֳֺͷ
鷳
κͤԼԺӣߵӱߣ·ˮأʼػصΡ
ˮǻˮ˵ǴɽֱκͤãŴͶ
޽úãˮ彫͸ʮ⡣
˾ͣ㿿ԱϢŽⷦ
һȪӴ˰ʱ
κͤɾˮϸɾѣϵ´ʱȻе㲻ԣĻû
֮ǰ˱̫˵ģʲжڣ˵ӦˣôԼ
κͤƤһѸٴ£Ŷֱȥ˳Ժӡ
˼¡
ûӦ
κͤһŶ롣
ȥ󣬴ǰߣ˳Ǳߣһﻹʲôˣ
⣿⣡κͤΧԺһȦңУȴӰû
ֻеϷų⻻ѡ
κͤɫȫˣȥȳӣȥԱߡ
һκͤ
κֱͤʣп
һ㶣漴̻ش𣺡ҵһֱδ
ˮгסһ˶׼ųȥݳس̽ﲻˡ
ǣ
Ըκͤתֻصˮڣϰ˳
ϰκͤһɱģһʵʵи
Ψŵڣ֪ʲô£¶֪޲޲
ܺáκͤޱ鿴ŶԷҷȪͻȻˣҪţҼ顣յĿ˲Ҫ֪춼Щ˹
κͤ侲Щˣ䵭
һͲͨˣϰҵӦţǣǡ
ʱ󣬶ʮȫˣΧӡ
κͤϰ壬ʣЩˣƽ˿ɷܽ
ϰæҡͷܣҲ˭ͽģһ˵ȪҲҪʮӡûӦصľǽſţ˽Ŀ˶Ǽڲᡣ
κͤףʼе˲
һ߿һ߷ת
ⲻԵ޹ʣһкͲԼ뿪棬û˵˳ȥ
ԣôֻпǣⱻ˰ˡ
Ϊʲôܳ⣿ʲôг
Ұ˵гӦҲھǲŶԣпչ
κͤ˱ۣϸϸ롣
гġСܡ
κͤۡ
һ֡
֪ǡ
ռλ
뵽ֻˡ
˻Ŀ꣬κͤͿʼٴŲ顣
ǣûС
ԷԤıˣǱضǼԼ֡
κͤü
Ƭ̺κͤٴοڣŮж٣ж١
ϰæǰһָϱ߶¼ءԺУԺŮŮһֻͬԧءǸǸġ
κ߲ͤſ꣬ǱʮѾŲˣ棺ӣеطˣû
ϰ壬طмš
عӣֻһ
κͤһͷ
˾ǴųȥģκͤӵӣһͰʱ
κͤϰȥŵ˽н
ϰвӣϽ˺˹
ŵɪɪ¡
κͤʣʱδʱʱ䣬ǿɼǵж˳ӣ
ʮΧţʵˣ˹ڵȫҳѣϸϸһ
Ƭ̺һսս˵жʮˡ
ûмɫãϣ֣˻ϣ֣
κͤһѡ
Σһ˵κôһ˵СĵˣʱһͬģмǸκ˵ģмλԼǱԹȥҲδ֪
κͤһݣɼǵǳʲôģʲôѣ
ģǿͷʹ䣬мλﴹԴĿԱߵҲδʲôر֮ͨͨĳࣿˣСˣλǴһģһѣɫģ
һģһ˵ͨ˲ȥһ·
ܴѾݡ
κͤʡ
Լһ뿪
֪ǡ
κͤĬ
ȥ鷽֪ˣҺڱɽׯˣһʦֽ
κͤԼ֪һһ
ȥ
һʱػ鵽˹ӡһǰӾǹУط˵һλԶŮסڿظլ
ճûУ
ﳽʱѾ߳š
κͤʣأ
Ѿ˿ظ
Ǽˣ
ҵʹŵġ
ûбῤظǻᱻ˲صȥ
κͤüҶģѾʧʱˡ
ʹûֱ֤֤Ƿ֪ǰܵˣκͤѾܲôࡣ
óΣС

κͤ侲ԸҪҹ̽ظѷ֪ǸҰ
һ٣ӣ²ס
κͤһ֣ûʲôǣе
ǣһ˵ظȻǽȥ̫࣬ױ̫֡٣ֿºѳɹ
õģа취κͤ˵վóӴҩһ
ϣǿ
һ˯ɢĹЧô˵ֻҪǱظԺ򿪺ֻҪһƿһɫζһӣе˶˯ţûκθáˮˮ״ǣͽⶫ磬£˾ͻʧȥж
˵꣬κͤʾ÷Ը顣
Ч˴󾪡
ֻ˯ɢ˼ܿͿ˯˹ȥˮˣ֫ʧȥж˵

Ͳˣ
κ֣ͤһܣ
Ҫȥ˭Ըǰ
Ը⣡
Ըȥ
Ըȥ

Լͬģڳ˶Ӧ
ܺá
ţκͤˣҩһ˷һݡ
ҹĻ٣ǾҪҪٶȰ˴
ǣӣ
ܿ졣
ҹĻ٣ĺɫĺϡ
ҹ£Ǳ˿ظ

055

κͤ, Ǳظۡǳ˳Ϣ˷֪ǵԺӣ֪޾˰˳
, ҹɫ, ͵κͤǰ
֪Ǳҩ, һ·˯ú
κͤóҩһ, ֪ǻ˹
κͤ·֪ϳԼû, ԭҲڡ
֪۾ǻһܣ
ȻͿκͤ
ĵһӦ֡
ȫǺ, ¶Ȼ
̾ͱκͤ
ûȷ֤ݣֻ߰˷ֻɣʮʮĿ϶
¾Ƿ֪Ϊ
κͤվڷ֪ǰü۳, ڣ, 㽫ҷ˰ȥ
˵ʲô
֪Ǿһ˲Ӧ
ԭ, ˴ظټǧ, ɻҶҪ״㣡
κͤͷͬ, ǣҳ, һһٵһ飬ҷġ
֪ʮӲҺθɣ֪
ٲϽɱҲ顣κͤȻ
֪Ǽ, ң
κͤ˰üģ˵
̧֪°ͣ߰
κͤ۾˼ҩ˿濴õĶ
ǲԸԸֶΣǰ˲ǰ
κֵͤһܴ̼۾ҩŻʮܣһ˶ܲס岢ûк
κͤһС޳ⶫ۾ϣȿ˵滰ҩ
˵ͳ˷䣬һ߲š
ƽؽǧС㣬ܵסһӱȫˡ
ҰĶ۾ۣң֪Ǳ۾С
һѣٹ˲ñģֻܶ϶ͣˣʱˣҰ˰ȥ£ſ񣡡

ʳλõطתɿȥκͤ
κͤһ̲飬ˣɿ˳ǡ
*
ⱻŪΣˮӣһ·۾ϣֱֱ˳š
һ·ϻκֽŶţ˵
̸ֹţ˵ʲô
ǿˣֻԽԽãõǮȫԸֻһܽһ
ţнŲӽæ۾
һ˲һֻƿһƣƬֻ̣˵Ӵҵүø־ģ⵱ǸѾͷ
һ˵ôǣΪ˸ģ۾ͳ춥ȥˣ˲˷ûû޷죬ǵɲùӳԣܣ

Խһһ󷢶ͷ亹ˡ
֪ԼǱ˰ˣ
Щ˻ҪתԼʲô󵨣
ŭ־ֲɱ⺦£κͤأκͤôԼ
˱𵢸飬ҼӷԸϽߣһնö
ˣϾߡ

˽֮Ȼٴι֨֨ڵϡ
ڳ
۾ʪ˺ɫĲ
һ·һʱóʹȴ˲ãֻŪЩù·ܷ֡
Ҳû˷֡
߸ϳˣһһŮһԷޡ
˸òŮһˣɰǸ˻ˣ˵ӵȥĵطֻ޶˲ģȥǴ׬ǮֻЩںԱӦ£ʵȴΥ
˵ԵĳǴݸԶȥҲһչ򣬾ͰǱȥˡ
ţоһκͤԼһ̲סҧڳ
ϣɫѺڣ˾·ߵĿջס£׼һٳ·
˯ϷȴŶ񷿡
ҹκͤɿ·ϡ
һ·ֱ̤ջ߿˴ţֳֵ
κͤһһӵѣֱ߿ŵʱ򣬲ſڵϵĳ⡣
ǲ˯ţһ
κͤǰ⣬ҭҭĽС
κͤһ£ˣ£ҡ
˵κͤ߸۾ŵĶŪһӣָ⿪ϵӡ
һſʹ
κͤıοȳⷢй꣬Сˣһѽᱧߡ
Ŀڣκͤ
Ժӣκͤ˹˭ˣ
صѾ׽סˣӡ
κͤһͬȥ
ǣ
κͤųԼǰ
ץЩЩ㿿ϡ
ų⣬κͤûʱǰ졣
˺һŴκֱͤӡ
κͤ˵Ȫʱһιȥˣ֪˭ҡ
κͤһָֻ˸ĺףǹңûչ˺㡣㲻õģѾˣҶưոݡ
̧ͷʣ˭
κͤһŵǷ֪ǡ
۾ץκֶͤ˽ΪҪң
κ֪ͤôشҲһͲĹĳôô񶾣ɥ¡
һЩŮҵڴˣ
ˣǻȥ˵ҹҲȿϢһ
ⱻץ֮һ·ֱסֽſãһþȾи¡
ãƤκͤ˯˹ȥ
κͤһһֻųˤȥ
һ·سһʱȻ΢ˮ¶ɢȥ
ûȥջκͤ԰ӣֱǱߡ
Ժһҹδ𣬻īֽ
Ѿأֱκͤųɤ۶Ǹ
Ŷӷ𣬷汣ӣƽˡīһ˵һᡣ
˺ˣȱ˵ˣȴ˺ЪϢֽҲס˺¡
һϵսľ²Ż
κͤų⽫ڴϣѾһ
Ǻ̺ӣκָͤ˻
˯òȣʱҪ
κͤһѾЩѬˡ
˯˲Ѿߺź򣬵˾͹ȥ
ֽīǹӦ£㲻Ҵۡ
κͤ뿪Ҫ¡
֪ǾԲܷŹģѾ׿£һץˣҲû
ҪҲҪϸϸĥ
֪ⷽ˵ģסݼҡ
κͤѰ˼ţҪЩȫӡ
ʷ˼ҵݡκͤ͵ȥ
ةгļة˳ȥ˹ˣ˵һ˵
˽°ѷ֪׽ȻеǵѣҲǴ˽ޡ
뵽ˣκͤء
ڷš
ظʲô
Ѿȥ̽ˣºܿҪѰˡ
κͤ˵ظδػţGǹֻŵġ
Ǵ롭
κͤһ٣˼Ƭ̣дһӣȥؼʱۡعӡ
ǣӡ
κͤͷдţī˲Ž˵͹ȥɣ˻˿ٻ
ȥˡ
˵ĹǱ߾ˣ˵ˡ
κͤյҲһ·һĳϴ˸裬˸ɾѲŹȥ
ѾҲźϴκͤڻ
ʸͷϵѡ
κͤҸͷ


.56

κͤ, κͤӸһһĽʸͷ
κͤҲĳ˯ˣ˯Ż׺˼롣
κͤΪҪǿЩѾ຦, κ֪ͤǵ¡
˵ôҵҵ, ô֪ҵģԼԺ, ֻǵԼιȥˡ
κͤŵôЩӣĳҡΨһ, 㲻ԸģҲλˡ
Ȼ, ҹȥˣ֪Ǽץ, ׳ϣ
κͤ˶٣ֻҰ˸ˡ
һ¡
һ˲۾˸ˣѷ֪ǰˣ
κͤһЦȻҲץȥ
أ
κͤšа취Ϊֹ
üҲǹټС㣬ץ, Ƿ
, зӣֲȥ, Ҳ㲻ͷϡ
κͤŹȥʱѾӦôˡ
˺Ļţκͤһ, Լռ档
ڶ, κͤ˳, ﰲĴţԼȥͻȻͳȥˡ
ȥ˺ظ
һԼߵڲŵţκͤһֱӰ, ԼԺӡ
һǰţһ棬໥˹֡
عӡ
κӡ
˱ò裬ȥ
Σ֮ǺΣ
κͤû˵ֻһҪ

ظۡ׾Ȼû֪֪ʧ˵ġ
ڹϣżһκͤţΪ֣¡
ͬйأҲ벻ʲô¡
ԣֻˣ̽ѡżɽ
Ҷˡ
ΣκͤҲͲ˲һڲ裬²豭󣬿ڣǰ׾˰ܣش˲²´˭Ϊ
ָһҲ²ѡ
κͤһʱ飬˿ӣʹ¾ķӽҷ׽ߡʱ;֣ҵвգƽûˣĳҡ˵ˣҲֻعӣλʦ÷ˣ
Σκ˵ʲô˵޷
κֱֱ߲ͤϣȴȻһ׷飬û뵽ǷΪҲ֪뵽׾кޣ˰ҷҪԶͱأҼʱϵ롣
֪ϡ϶
κͤȴ𣬷źعӵ˼ﷸ£δ
˽ҡ
κͤЦЦ˽عС£ȴ֪ع׼δ÷׾һ
ɤţҺؼˣֻͬһʦšҪֻеȷˣ߽ͻؾǡκ˽ץˣڷϣȻκ£Ӧú˲ǡ
κͤ۾عӴϣعܾΪת淽ļˣս¡
̸꣬κͤ뿪ˡ
ϣһ۵Ź˺ظĲţһɴŮ˱ظѾæ˰˽ȥȻš
Է֪Ѿû꣬ĵֻ鷳
Ϊʦǵϵò淽֪ʰβӣһ
Ҳڣֱֱ˱ʣһֱ˿ȥǡ
ͷС˳ȥͷѾӣӹˡ
üͷһ漴ɿ˴ƫԺȥ
Ѿȥˡ
һ̧ȥƫ
֪⼸չĲһǲ¾ͱ׽ס˳֮κͤûΪȴҲľսشġǱ˹صԽþԽκͤȥ
ձһĵ˰ա
ֱ˺ظ֪ǲžû˹
Ȼ֮󡣿ɫ֪ǲԾˡ
ĺǲ֪Լµ¡
Ȼǰֲ˵ġ
ĵǵ㲻վһ˹ȥ
ӶʦҪ˭׽ңȴǳķֱûʦ֣㶨Ҫҳһ𰡡
ȴֽ̧֪Ǹء
˽ºһʦöԸˣԼ롣
֪ҧҧַߺޡ
ȴɽţʦ֡
Ŀ䵭
֪һͻ
ᷳšüҲ˵ʲôȥŸ㸸ףʱȥȥ˳£зһᴦ
֪ǲ֪£ͷһ׮ǽƱ磬ûУ˵ⱻ˰ȥ˭֪ʲôȱ£
һ֣˵ˣ·ﲻͬ˵Ѿȥظ֪һ
뿪ˣѾ߿ŷ֪ǡ
*
߰ϢϳⱻܵϢǴۣг֪ˡ
ȴֽ÷ԸͶ浼ֽɫвԣһʾ˳
ƽضõƢԣʱһˤ˱ӣоûɣ
ұҳһˡ
ȥͬ˵˻˴ȴû˵ǳ¶˼ҹģֻ˵Ҫͬ˵
˵ۣκͤסĵط
µųīӡ
ͷѾСػˡ
һ̧ͷˣ
⻰䣬ͼǰͷȹС
ˣôҲʹǰ˵һһˣ£ͷء
ֻҲ֪£ôûң
һ㶣ͬȴʱģ
漴֪Լ˵¡
æվӭȥ˵ʲôأ˭ˣԼûع
Ѿܾûˣƽƽģ˳⡣
ȥͬϸ˵
лҪ˵лл֧֡

057

浽ӡ
ʮ˽Լҽ, ʶ¾ûô
˵ѾҲ˵
֪Ǳǳ浵һĽᣬм겻ʧû뵽Էôɵس, Գ°֮¡
ֱɥĲ
ƽе㲻ͬѰ, ￩, һ㣿
鵭, صġ
仰˵ԼȷǺ޶˷֪, Ҳʮֵĺ¡
ŵҪƵġ
ȴûκͤͳ˵صġĺ塣
ֻ˵˾䣺Щ£Ǹúúһˡ
ü
浲, ֻĥ
ţһֻûѾڣҲͰˡ߹ȥ, ִī, ĥ
Լֽ
ʣҪдʲô
浲ʣ֪ˣ
ţˡ
浼ʣ;ӿظڣ
ǡͷ
, մīѹڰֽ, ʼдš
һд, һֳ̩, һǰ
д껽Ѿ߽һͻؾǣһȥظ
ʲô
ü۵ˡ
ȥظˣ˻ҪͰˡ
Ȼףֵδ, ͬ˵
ƶѣû˵
ǰͷԺӣ˹ȥ
ܿѾȥˡ
κͤˣ
Ѿ߸أ˵Щͬү˵
֪ˣȹȥػԺȥ
κͤѰ˼¹֪˳¡
ȹȥ˳浣ȸ˰κͤ񣬼˲˵
ʵܳǼǲǱ
κͤȻ˵ǡ
ֹץסˣˣ˳ץ
ʼڿջץǶԷ޵Ŀڹѳ⽻ǵһˡ
ֻ˵ǸС檣ԶԶȥ
ʲô֪Ǳƭˡ
Ƿ򸾶˿޵ģΪƲϵʲô˵ˣֻκͤһ
ṩѳ͹Ǹ˵Ϣ
κͤʹ˸ȥһ°˸ץˡһʣ֪ǸԭǷ֪ǴӾǴ֡
һץκͤд֤ﻭѺ
֮бûкáڻ᲻ͷڣҲҪԺ˵
浲һ䣬κͤ˼˳ƾͰȫ˵ˡ
κ֪ͤҪֱȥظˣʣˣ
浣˿̲ãֶԷҪˡ
κͤԳ͵Ǳȥ
˸֪
κͤ룬֪ò£ʱضҪô˻ġ
֮ǰةд˼ةѾ˽°ݼ˺¡
ةƺ˰գκͤûϸʣة˵Щ¡
ýԳⱻзѣ±ҪңһҾ׳ͻ¶
һκͤһ⡣
ֹգѹץֱӼ˿ء
һǷ֪ǵ֣صʱͱ
ֽѺ֤¡
ʼԤϵǰ㣬ҪزɫֻԼ£ͷӣֱһȡ
һҰܱΣ״û֤ݣֻηȻȥ
֪ǱϾǷҵŮԼ׾죬رȻҪסһȥš
͵ٿҲҪһʱ䣬ػ˸ۡ̽Լ˽еߣǰѵһ٣Сܲã˴¡
֪ҪǸʲôҾʮظҲģ㻹֪أǧһҪ˺ÿˣӶܳطֻӦ£ٲҺ
浽ջˣתͷڶֹȥ
ģƱҪһ˵ضݲҵǷЩġ
ةǳʱ򽫵¶ģ˽̹֮أµ̡ͬ
ԭةκͤ沢ûʵ˵ֻ˵ԼĿദʵ߰һӦһЩЩС̰֤ݣĵơ
κ֪ͤ϶ûһ׼ȻԼһ顣
ʱǺãؽͷöةȥ˽ԿףغżԼһ˽ʣ͵˳
ͷ¼һʹȥ
֤ݣͬλˣһͬء
ӡ˽ӡֵֽ֤ݣ޴ӷϡ
رץҲӲܿ챻ǩץù鰸
֪ǵ±ʱȥ
κͤ˵ܿᱻ˽뾩ǣǲôˡ
ٲϲ֪ǣҲضػ
浺γ֪ԲŻȸ̩ȥš
𱻾˻η֪ǵûôס
浵ˣһоؾǡ
κͤʹҪˣбȥѾ˲ʱ䡣
ǵѾպﲻعġ
浵ͷ֮ͬǰȥһۣҲлҪ˵
˵ãڶվۣ˺
һޡ
ɽװ׼뿪Уǰǡ
лҪ˵ûҸʱ䲹TAT

058

ȥһ·ûʲô, ºһƽƽصǡ
ȥһˣȥʱ, 
˵, κͤŶЩ
һװ, ʰ
ִźҶϴ裬·
ڼ, Щ
ͷһκͤѾЩȻȥ, ԼҲһȥܷ˻ػ
˼գκߵ¶һӦ׵, κͤͳȥ
ֱȥܷˡ
һ·ϵ˵ˣԳһжá
ƢԺãͳ浺ͶԵ
ܷзģҲ˵Щǵ¡
ǰճϢ, վҪྩ, ʹһͨαͷһµΪȡ, ס
ʵĹֻԹϥµĹԹ᲻ŮԶһֻվ, 󳼼ҵŮѡ
մǸԵ˼, о浶, һ׼Ǹ׼ʱػ˵그˼Զšʥһ, ֪һǰ˵ģҲ˵ʲôԼǹȥˡ
ûһ֣ľӲһΡ
֪ⶨԹͷ⣬Թͷʲô˼ֻҪݻܰȴȫ˱˼ҡ
֮ǰȥѡΪò̫ʤԹۣ˱ʹݺ˳⣬߳⣬˵Լҹҩ
ҲǺ޶Թ
齻ˣ̩Ǳ룬˾͹ȥˡ
˵˻󣬳̩κͤ˵ͿˣȱĻӹҪСκͤҲ׼һʱһͬǰ
κͤӦ¡
뵱¶ܲ۵ģҲɿ졣
κͤߴЦƫͷʣЦʲô
κͤҡҡͷ˵ֻ뵽ǰ裬ֳҲμˡ
˵ֳʮָ߳ʱ֪ˡ
κͤü
κͤѳͻؼңԼתͷȥκҩá
һκֿͤЦһߵүˣ̷ߵС˹ˣ֪үء
κͤһ˵˾䣺λֵܵĲôˡ
һЦ⣬Ҫ˵أү̫ˣλӵĲȻȫã˵Ѿȫµأҩڳš̷Ӿ빫ȥԾơ
κͤͷ˵֪ˡʱ䣬ֱȥ¥̷Ρ
̷˵κֱͤվôôûɫ
κͤһ¶棬Ц̷ֲ˿
̷һڰһκͤ¡
һȥǲӣڰκλˣ
κͤ⻰˵˼֪»ΪļҵС
κҲȤˡ̷Цֽ˵˵ЦˣܹλС˵ˣǱֲˣһҶж£ҪԵŰлͬ˵ԶŲڼŰݡʱʱעţһҪ֪ǡ
κͤҡͷȴܲˣֻǾΪܺҲԼ컯
̷Ǳʲô컯κͤ´һŶ̤Ӳק˻
κͤαǫ飬ı֪ܲ
òҩɾȵºܶ˶֪ģԶĲ˵ߵýļ״ֶ֪顣
˵Ϊ˸ӿ˶ٴ򣬷Ĳ㣬˹ϵλ̫ҽ˶ҡͷ˵ûˡ
Ե׽ҲˣֻϸοȰ˲Ҫ̫ĿЩ
ûȥһ£һӺˣϸŧûˣºֻʣһ㵭ӡӡ
֮ǰȥĶǸģһĴ߳Ц˭ò˼飿
һһ䣬ʵ鲻ֻ֪ҽˡ
ɺֹҽֱҽˣ
Ƿ׷˽´˵ǸκĴ
һκͤϤϸ룬ȻһĴȣκͤȢСǸˣ
֮ǰֻ˵òǸϵҽ˵á
¶ȥʱҲ˷
ܷκͤ᲻֪£ɢȥɲá
ǰйϸˡ
κͤרҵҽѧУҵˣĸ˵ԼҽãЦ˵Լҽãϸպһ洫Ķ֢ҩҩ˲źˡ
ʵκ֮ͤǰҲϸиҩ￪ҩԺֻҩͺá
ܷ˵ĵκͤҽ˿ˣպЩϸ֢κ˲ᣬβ÷ҪԹ
κͤҲ˼
ֻܷ˵ɺϣԼίʵû뵽ܴǵҽֵһᣬκ洫ķӣԲҩ
Ҳҩ󲿷˼ͷŵͷˡ
պĸѯʣĸСһ
ܷκͤĽ֪ͣŷġ
κҩǺ£Ǳǵ˵ͷõġ
Ȼܷ֮̽ڷ磬ܷ˾Ц˵ǴҴȥģˡ룬Ŷܱ̫ͣҽԺҽ̫ҽǿɡ
Щ⻰ûǹӿǱκ˵ġ
ܷ˼¶ûֻǻ˷򡣵治ŮҽҩӣκҼӶҽģҴЩ÷ӡãһ֢״ŰѲκˡ
λ˻Ȼ˵ԭ
ܷЦЦκһڳڿһҩãͷ˵˺ЩҩǰҸǰ˵ԼǵҽﹻģרĵЩҩˡ
ܷûҪ˵ѣˡ
ǻ˼Ҿ͸Դ
һ̫ҽԺһҽ֮ǰ˵һͲСӱ˴ҽвţΪκͤ㡣
֮˽ȥλ̫ҽԷ˵ʱǲãû뵽ܱκãԼò˼顣
㱰ĪԼϴ֢ӵĲԶûǰأ
˽˵˻̫ҽǲκͤɫҽ
գҷ˴һ˵£ܷ˵Ƿ
λ̫ҽ󣬸˸˵ԭˡ˵ͨˡң汲Щϡҩ֣ҩʲôطÿҲȥ

ܷǰκͤһС⡣
κͤȻ顣
һͷȥ
գˡ
ƺƵĳӽλԱ㡣նڵ·Կ֡
ˣҲҪʼˡ
ÿ궼μӣҲ⡣
μҪ׼װǰܷѵ
κֱͤӴųȥ˳㷻óѡԼϲʽȻ¡
óߴ磬ǮͿˡ
ʱһʶˣΪ̫죬ֻԵͷʾ£û˵
ߺǹֶ࿴˼ۣߵѾС˵СǸ˾ɣÿ濡֮ǰЩô˵˲
ҡҡͷ˵ҥɾšܷ˲ǵ޳ǸƤǳˣôŮƽӡԺٱЩˡ
ѾŵŵӦǡ
κͤԲ֪С
Ѿ磬һ˷
ʹ˸ɫѾ֧˳ȥԼҲˡ
СԲ˵
κͤɫһյ裬˵ȹȥЩϢ
Сվ˭ϳҲվһסκͤ·ӡ
κͤһ٣ôˣ
ҧŴ˵ίƵġ
κͤЦˣ˵ߣ
ƫȥ
κͤʣˣ
̧ף˻šһŵκͤӡ
κͤ̿ˣ˒WСˡ
Ͽκͤѹˮڰ˰ա
ſ󣬳һнˮȡ
κͤضãˣ˴˿ֿ˻
ȳããȻȻ²֪ʱκͤճ⣬޼䣬ڴϡ
֮ǰȥУгڣһ·˶һӵġЩӣ˱ܵ£мղκͤ
Ժסһ
κͤҲûʲôŵ̾ϢŵٳЩԼԸźá
˯һϡ
糿ǲ
˻ѣѾźϴʱ
СѾ߽ػ˷Ź
ֽӹݸ⡣
ױ̨ǰ棬īڸͷ
ԹԲ
ûһˡ
Ȼƫͷκͤһۡ
κͤʣôˣ˭ţ
˵šһ߰ŸκͤĿ
κͤһĿʮɨꡣ
˻ڣ֮ǰֳͬ۹ûܣ˵һ仰Ƿ֪ˣҲԼҹΡ
Է֪Ľͽ
ǷĴ𸴡
̩д˵Ǹ֪µġ
һŶˣ˵һ䣺Ƶģѵô
κͤȴ˵ί𣿡
һ㶣һһЦ

059

, ྩʮ֣Ҫֻڡ
պ, Ѿ͹, ѾźԴ, κͤ
ڼ߳ǰתһȦ, ƫʣòÿ
ߴȫʮװ, խڣ
޶˸˼Ӣˬ
κͤһЦ, ˵ÿ
Ʋ¡
ѾҲޣ̴ѱ˶ȥˡ
Ҵȥ䣿κͤ£һߺȲһߵ
ֱˬ, ʱǡá
ֽ, ÿյв˳Ź䣬ͷһЩˣȽĿ
˵㲻æˣпҳȥ
κͤЦȴҲÿնæ, ŵĹܲġ
ûӦ𣬵潾Ѿ߰ȥˡ
˱, һͬš
ֿο, Ǻ׽
ӹ
ǰûķ, ֣ߺ
ʳĵģ۽ϹġʲôС
ֽ档
κͤһЩ
ùСʳֽš
κͤ˵, ƽҲûͷĶ
һһЩ
Ժˣǡ
κͤЦЦⲻ֪ôЩգһģκͤ
κͤųˣһɵȻ塣
⻹ˣ壬ŴƿһЩӿͷ
ǰͷд̨ӱˣģΧſݵú˾ͻȲʡ
ͽͣס
˶мװβͬˣʣЩǲǱˣ
κͤҲˣȷǱķΡ
͵Ӧǵġ
һȺˣҲǳֵġ
һӣ⼸һ˴źˡ
κͤʣҪҪȥ
ҡҡͷ̫ˡ
κͤԸȥ
ֻǳﾲ˻
´κͤŽǰߡ
ű⿴ıˣǱľŻӣǸġ
ֻ£ųʻԶǸɫ
ӣӣһԵ˽
ôˣ
ŻӲŻȻӻ֣¡
ȴһ㲻ƽ
ſһòŮˣ
̫òˣֱ˼֮
Żȫû˹е飬һֻŸղżˣ
˭ļҵС㣬ҪףλòĹֱʺϲˣ
ŻӻʱۡԸ˳ȥ飬ƯСλļҵģ˭
˵ȥˡ
ŻȴŽϵһƳ衣
Դȫ֪
պῪʼˡ
ǳãһױ磬װ
ù緹֮󣬾κͤš
Ҫȥ̩ͬһ
ĵصȥϽʼ԰
ǳ󣬸úã˱ĳڣֻȴҹȥˡ
ȥ˺͸ź̣мһ˵ȥˡ
κͤҼλһǰ档
лҪ˵ָĸ£С

060

Ѿ, УſҹһμӡŮһͬۿ
ΪӦ󲿷Сﶼһװ
Ҳ, , Ͳ, ȰΡ
ͬλüˣһƯװ, òÿɰ
ǰûʱںһڹоϲ, ֪֮޾ݣʶҪǿþɫ, ͷʤ
ȴ겻ͬһˣ޵û̫档浲ڣҾû˹˼, ˿ų⡣
Ĺȿ, Цӯӯ˵Ļȴһ㲻飺ǽ巻ļʦ, ʦԸӣһѡһ, ֻһ, 㿴Żɰɣ
⻰, ѵ᲻֪ѵı׼Ĺﲻ˵ġ
װȻǶһ޶ġÿ궼㷻˻ʮͼֽùѡѡסѡеǸ֮ٲҹˡ
Ŵ󻧶Ĺء
ǹҵֺ棬Ĵ󳡺, ͬ˴һѡ
ĹǰȲ⣬ѹһͷڼ棬ɲüͰˡ
һǰ˼ɵ
ڣԾܹ費һˣһαһ׶ĴĲ˵ѷǵտɱȡ
ʶɫ˿δ䣬嵭ۣѵֻۣǡ
˵¡
Ĺüͷһšֻʲô
ЩȣΣյó౾ԹѵЩɫѹȥ˲١
λ˵ѹסɫ
豭һյ裬ʱסϵı顣
㣡
ĹȴҲ֪ʱͷأЦȥҪѵ롣
ʱڣˣһ͵ˣ˿Цһӽð輸޿ɺǣñ˿˿Ǹ
Ҷзִ粻ֹͷ
ܹĹϵĿһ·Ϻݺݶ˳üۡ
һɫװҲ֪Ķģ俴Ųݻƫƫ⴩žǺÿ
ͼѩϸ壬Ŀ±³Ÿӯӯ񣬹ס
Ĺҧ˵ôһӵ˸õòүҲϹۡ
ͼ˱˼ȥôţ
Ĺ֮ǰڶǰ˵˭ϲĸĥ
˭֪ĸһסɺĹˡ
ǣĹ͵˷ܣǹңûκͤģҲǵͷԶԶš
β濴ϸˣǸηĹӣǸϲ̨ˣһʱиˣǵ˵Ĳʹ죬ô跢ˡ
ǳ֨֨ߡ
ڵ˵ط
ⲢĹẈ̂кһѾź
ӻȥͷɽΧԡ
ּˣǰͷúĳϸҵ̫̫̹
˾һ˵˵еЩ׵˼ңô˻˫Ĺүһ档
ⲻһ˵ȥȥˡ
λЩʱû˸徻ض˵
ʳΡ
ʹҲû˵ġ
һţװѵ˰ţǼ⣬Ӳģֻһ˳ҪκͨЩŲ㣬ҸĸɩһӦס£ǰźԺ˵㣬ôƲͣߵëʲôʱĸģ
һ£죬㲻վ˵ۡ㿴ҴǰʲôӣڹʲôӣװԸţĹиôݵʱ򡣡
ǷűĹ˵Ļ𣬻Թ⻰䵭֡
Ҫȥ죬˵ʲôá
ʲôҵأܵסôô˵ҩû˵ģԼ
ҡҡͷһҲ÷ˣ֮ǰ˹δؾͺܺáҽտƼκˣø忡Ʒ񣬾˱ȥˣٷЩɡ
㷽κͤԳǣֽѾߺ̣ʲô¾͸Ͻҡ
ӶԳһݰ㿴С
ãǰġ
⻰ȴЦʲôҸһ׮ǰ䵭ңһߣδҷ裿Ҿ⣬ƫҪ֣ϲҡ㿴ڹȻˡ
һס죬˵ʲôͿ
һü˺ˣնõӣ֣ҲȥǱ߿
˵˵ЦЦԶˡ
ȴ֪Զⷬκͤ˸š
ָʶ˼£ǿסɣʧ̬
ã˱ۣʲôûˡ
лҪ˵ллҡ

061

б˲, ¡غ֡
ֳΧһ½½˳أҶиԵλá
Ůһ, пһߡ
ʹһ, Աһ
ò, ǰܷ˹ܹҹܵϣùﴫЩòĻ
ֻǹƽʱμЩʫỨ, ҵŮ쵹Ƕ֪
ҹûôҲڼһЩ, ڳڶС㣬òΪĿ
ʶ, ֮ǰڴ϶Գйһ֮Ե֮ıҲˡ
Ŀֱ㶶ųķ
ôΪӣ˼ûֱ̫ʧ̬ⱱϽ˻ʮִ, ֱֳ, ԸȥһļҵС㡣
ܿ˵˳, 
ԭΪǸδ޹û뵽Ѿ˸¶Զ׼ʧı, ôʵ۸Ǵͻ顣
һ, κͤͳ̩Ľ, ʱ˵
ȴκͤЩĲɣʣڿʲô
κָͤһ٣ջĿ⣬Цûʲô
κͤû˼μ, ֻһ㣬̩ȥμͷҲû룬ֻκͤһ𿴿Щʶ
⼸ÿĿģͬԼõ˵Ȥ
˼֮󣬳Ҳһѡһƥº͵ţȥԶȥˡ
֮ǰѾ߹˵ȥү˵һõġ
ѾӦȥˡ
κͤõʱֻ˵ͷ˵һ䣺֪ˣȥźӡû˵Ļ
һ֣ÿġ
һֱʱκͤ˲ŵҡ
Ѿ˾⣬ּ٣æѾ߸ȥһˮ׼źϴ
κͤڼ䣬Ѿţү
κֻͤȥҸ˵
һЦˣкżѾһȥһš
һ°
Լժ̧ͷκͤ
Ǹ潾Ưģ
ģɻʣҪ˵ʲô
κͤôһԳһ룬ʵҲûʲô˵ˡ
⡣κͤȫĿϣǸλӹ˵Ļ֪ԭһֱġκί㡣һȥˣ˸֪һԵв
ɫ˲òҰףѪɫʵøɸɾ
κͤûƵģ˵˾䣺úϢˡ
˵תȥ
Ѿվһ˿ңһɣһˤ䣬ڵ롣
һӯ˳ǡȴԼ֪ڽʲô
κͤˣⶸȻʧǡ
Ѿ˼״æֻڿޣȴһֶ˵
һ


062

κͤ˵, ܿȥլԺ
κͤס룬, ûȥˡ
һƭ, ̫Цˡ
ԭԷʼնûԼʼ
Լ
վǿκͤԳ˵һ䡣
ǵʹܵѹ, κͤԼ㿴Ҳá
ʱһеҩ
һ⣬ûкͳͬһµػ
ԺסƱء
κͤȱǮ, Ҳеõˣѡ÷Ӻûһ, ɨɾ˼Ҿ
κҽԼһЩ鼮, ֮һãͷҲصذȥס
κͤԼȥסԾ÷˽͡
ү, Сȥ޸Ժ, ԼҪססκլˣ
һ֮پ, ܲԾ
κͤվԸֳ̫󶯾鷳, , ˸ɣ
һ̯ӵ, һæС޵ԺͷĪҪȥ
үСľԲ˵ģӷġæ˵
ˣȥɻɡκͤӻִ˳ȥ
κͤƵ, ôѡ
⣬ǵһ̸
Դȴû뵽˼Ū
һһһۣκͤʧζ㡣
*
ˣ
⻨ǰһԺһʡ
ѾӼǰļŵֱ̾
ôŪúöˣ֮ǰսˣôͻȻˡ
ҵĺùⶼֵʲô°˵˵ôֱŤˡ
ʴûԼҹʮֲ̣ǰοĪܣүӺã۰Ļͬһ׼ˡ
˵⻰ãһ˵ί˺üҲ̲סµ
һƫףؿޡ
ˣҶ˵Ļǲٻˡ
ߵۡæǰ£§ųⰲοˣ޻ҪġĪүСԼǳˣͷȥѹү˵Ȱͻʲô¶ܽÿ˭ҷ޲ǴͷܴβͣĪġ
˵ٺȴ֪ε򲻻ô׹ȥ
κ֪ͤԼƭԭԼˣˡ
ⷢ䣬һһĵס
еڸκͤԭˣϲˡ
κ֪ͤԼ󣬳һʱû˷ӦԼĻܡ
ԼԣκңҪκͤٸκͤίˡ
ʹ첻
ӹȥһգգգա
ԽԽ֣̿ãȻ
ʲôһôϡö۵һ¸Ѫ⡣
κͤǰջ緹׼ʳԲ裬顭
ʱױǰױ磬˵һÿ
ǰӲֻ뿪󣬳ⷴһһ

063

κͤ뿪κլѰࡣ
ȥ, ֪κͤסںδ
ԭΪֻһЩСìܣûһһתͷүӱԺ¿ɰš
ּҪȰ, һ߻ҪѾû˵, ͬԺͷһ˵Ƚһ
˵үæ, ͷ¶࣬, һӲôи򲻿ҽÿŸҪؽ
һһӦ¡
ͷźҲ֪, ŵƽ˾
֪ãؾص˵, Цˣ
һ˹﷢ƣһҲ˵䣬Եʲôͽȥ˳ʲôӵġ
նܿ, Լήȥ, 㱡
ʻīȰο⣬ȴˡ
ʼү, ˵Ҳûá
գһ, ſϿ޵ó鴤
۵Ĳ, ̲סݡ
Ī, ܡ;ȥү
һסֱ֣ȥ˵Ӳ˲ᡣ
ôȥκͤ
κͤԼ˵Ļº
ûƢԼ˵һֵĻܸܵʲôһˡ
Լ֪ʱһĻ̿֡
Ҫ, ϲˡ
κͤߺ󣬳ֻʣ仰
ͷó⺦¡
Ӧᷳκңκͤġ֪κͤΪʲôôܣ
ȥⴹƤָ߬÷ףһһ˵
ôôУйүһֱסͷʲôӡ
Ѿסֻ۾ܿЩμ
ֲعܣԼѾ³̡
˼ǲٶ˵ֱûʣֿο˼䣬ȥѾߴˮϴ
֮գʼתϳԷˣ˵Ե١
ҲһһչԼһڷ󲿷ʱ鿴żӡ
գСѾͷػʣͷݡ
̧üʣʲô£
ЦǰػǺ¡Ϣ˵ǴｫҪлˣԼչҪˡȴˣҲɻظ
һ㶻ֱӣҪˣ
ء
иЩϸ˼䣬֪ѾѾѡȥ׵ˣûʲôˡ
㿴ЩӣҡûˣҲ֪òá
ѾӦˣ
գдһŷѾȥץҩ
ֽЩ֣һ䣺ﲻҪץҩ
ֻôȥ


064

ҩ, ȴβķӣ˺ķӡ
Ǹ˽ҩ缸һżȻĻġҩֻҪ, ͻ˻ڻ, ʳ, ٹջὥȡ
ץҩ˵ҩ
ͷһճ, ڶ֢״ո, һӷ߽ɴϲˡ
Ԥ, ɵܣ塣
գѾһȦɿȥκͤ
ʹĿơ
ź֪, ȴȰ˵
ֻܸŸż, Ըһүܻ˺úùӡ
κͤκҺ, һڹӣ, ϴõϴƷķ, ƻ
̷Ҳҹκͤ, һԾ̸⣬֪κͤ£Խ򵥡
ÿζܸ˴ϲ
κͤʱܰصһ˿¶˶㿴Ϊ˵طס̫æ˶ѡ
, κͤκҩûᵽס
һţŷʾȻԺڡ
һͨһӹ£޵үȥ̣̲ˣڴˣ
κָͤʶ¡
˻ֻ
ʲ𣬷ؿ˸ͷ̲˼գˣҩҲûãҹַȣ˵˺үȥɣ
κͤûм˵ģ֪Щʲô
˵ϣλ޶ԡ

ڴԺʱ򣬸оԼһֱֻŲ˳ȥָ
۾ȻͿòκͤ
òʣͦΡ
鵭Ȼ
⿴һ
ڣȴǶ˵ģǶȳȥ
Ѿ߼ɫüף
űϡ
˿̣κ̧̧ͤƤⲡǳԻ˶ҿһζҩգܿ῵
ⲡȣ糺ģ֬һɫ
һ۾ﻹ⣬ô㲻ؿκͤ
Ƭ̺һһ٣ڣҲ˵˵һ䣬ϸϸ̬ģ
˲ͷڸϣ͵Ϳڣ
ҵĻ֪ҲãԲңҪҪǲǣ
˵⻰ʱ۵ˮ⣬ܿ˵ĵס
ҲȢңƾʲô
ǻ˵ģϴͷ˵
ƾʲôκͤЦ룬ƾʲôǲ˼̫࣬һأʲôɵġ
˵һ仰ϵĽŮһһ㶯ûУ
κͤЦˡ
վڴߣ濴˳⼸ӡ
󣬺Ȼתȥױ̨һӳڴϸϸϵᡣ
˵һ
Ⲣ˵һܣһ޷ڡ
κͤҲǲɣȴˡ
۲ɺκͤջ֣ڣһΪȢ㡣֪Ϊô


065

κͤⲻó, ȻһһĳۡоԷˣǰкܴ
κͤǰʮݳ⣬ϲȻʱߵļѾͷľ, үǹĳݼֱЩûߡ
Ҵ, լͷ¼ò, ȴδ޵ģһûС
ԽԽǾ, κүʵʵһ䣬ҹӶǿЩŴ, ǹѼļү߲檡
үĵ, һļޣԵŮ۶һ¡
ʶźѾ߶һһλӺͺ

ʲô˼ˮ˵һ䡣
ֻǵ⼸仰ģκͤƲ˳⣬˭ûƢ
ܼȥ˼̤ԼһƬ, κͤͲϸŶ˺ˡ
ⷴ¶һſѹ, ί
κͤ˶ģϲ¶ֺ, ֻ䵭ʲô
æһĨƬ̺߷߿, ĸˣ
κͤ˵ûޱȿ˻ץ, ۸
Ĭһ, κͤƤ˵ĻҲǵģ˼ңֺ벻, һסҪޣǺε
ⱻⷬ˵ͨ죬ġ
ͲţУؿڶ˺üء
κͤΪ赭дˣֵ˲˵ҿҩӣͷѾץҩ˳ܺãúϢһˡ
˵Ҫߣ⼱ˣһʱֲ֪˵ʲôܱһᣬҲҿ˳
Σһŵ̾Ϣ
ãһֻȵ˹˸ϸ۵ˡ
κͤ˵һһĻʲô
ûʲô仯
ٲܷ˵ûޣ֪˵ʲôܣһƬ㡣Ǿǲκͤߡ
һľǿֿɰ
κͤü㲻ߣҸǰһǲǣ
û˵Ȼ˼
κ֪ͤ룬ܻǰһݡЦһȻ󿪿ڣǲܡҸǰһϲãԼȴҡ˵¼£Ҫҿ˸סһȲҲ徲źá
κͤȻȻ˵Щˡ
ĸ֮ǰûǸ£ƾκͤϸϸƵĿڣҲ㣬ǰЩҺҸǸҴˣߺòãҷҶ㻰вУ
һ˵һ߲ܿƴۿ磬ֽĻܾ紵С
κͤû˵˿ȥƽȴᣬһһ£ʮᡣ
һͣκͤοƻʹǰһκͤϲԼġ
һȴκͤ˵֪ʲô𣿡
ϣû˵
֪ʲôġ


066

κͤҲһʱû, ʲô뷨ǰûеġ
ֻ⵱еȷкܶ಻ɺӵìܡ
֮Ҳϸ˵Ǿ仰ҲǶ֮, һʱ֮ͬۡһκί, Ȼ, ҲǶеʵ뷨
³ⷬΪǷ˵ͣ, ˵ô໰ִ۵ú, κͤӦһߣų˯˹ȥ
ҩûȥ, κֻͤöѾ߷Ը˵ҩȷ¯ţ˯ʱǻûͽȻ˯š
ȻӦ£ֻǿκͤ, С˵ȥү, үԵȵȡ
ˡκͤһ֣һ, Ҫȥ
ʾЩ
κͤ̾һ̾ŵ˱һ, ҩȳˡ
⻰֪ǲ, Ѿ, ²ɣһκͤš
ȵϣκͤ滹ǹˡ
ѾҩκͤˣǷϡ
κͤ, ƽ˺ܶ࣬Ĳ֪ԼҩΪԼҲû
κͤ˵鿴Щ䣬ӯᣬϸϸʣ㻹ô
κͤЦЦģ˵Ҹʲô
򴽴ףѵǸˣ֪ˡ
ô϶׺áΪĲκͤٴλտꡣ
ʶЩʱգ˶ƲƲģûǰܡ
ֹգǱ˵ǳ浻ˣվ͵ģؼ˵
ʲôãпƷҡò˼ϲ£ʹӦˡ
κͤ˵һκͤ档
ճѾȥ
δ浣в֮󣬽һϸϸ˵˻
ûʲô仯йסţøˡ
ȴɫãϸϸˣŲסͰԼ˵˻κͤ¶˳浡
֪󣬵ųĶͷѵһ٣šü˵ǰҲ֪أμ⣬ô˷ˣ֪˵㣬Ҳʶʮ֪ˣ˲ӡҪȥˣ
˵ʲôͷ죬ûƾˣֻɳһ١
˵Ѿ˴ˡ
浲ͷ֪ܸģ̻δԺˡ


067

ӳһ, ˵һ٣ķң뷨Լеˡ
κͤԼ, öԼ, ǨԼô͵ز
ⲻ, ԼùˣҲԸǨ, ԸºԴˣ
һϣ, תȦѹ·ϣƵĸ֨, ܶƳ
оֶĹȴһ䣬ԽԽۡ
еӱϸָһš
һǳ, ۾ڿĳط, ʵɢ
ˡҴǰദҲǺȣǡˡҲͷ, ôԼϽҪô, ҲǻҰɡͻȻһ͵ͳ
һλ˵һӻ, ڷǰֱϡ
˺һ, űԼɾˡ
⵽˼ңѾַź򣬳˺Щ
ⲻᣬһִֻԸһ䣺ӰҴ˶, й͵ģϸŸù
ϸӦˣȥ˶á
浵һ򿪿ĵһֶۣ̲ס˼£̡
ǻǱģǳ⼸ǰͬ˱ʱǷ
һϷĵĻ
ⰻȻ
꣬⻹ǸʮĹȻȴɼһߡ
ǳԣǸע
һһѻдְ̨ϣ´Լ֣ȻЦһ¡
ȴǻ˹˸СҲܡ
ôҵˣԭŶϡ˶һ޿йѹ֣ʲôҲˡʣúɡ
ʼһ
һͷû¡
ʲôǰŲӻûȫҪȥү
첻ˣԺҲġһͻȻˣʲôõģҴǰЩ۳ҺɣߺûԭĸŪ䵭
˵һȻֽʴ򷢳ȥһ硣ֻһЩ֮ûˡ
κͤ˵պסͷ¶æ顣֮Ҳ侲˼ͳιϵûÿȥˡ
ʶЩѰʱѾȥ˴¡
ûˣҲûֻ߱ʲô
һգԺȥһԺʯ³
κ߽ͤãû
㣬ڿʲôκͤȿڣ˳Ļ
񱻾ˣںܿع
úðˡ
ˣָˣһʱĬӺκͤʡ
Ӧûʲô󰭣鷳ˡ
κͤڳϣ˶٣ﲻ֪ʲôֻ˵ҸѰ
˵겻𣬾Ѿƣʯ¡
ƣûѣ߹ȥһ£֡
Եò񻰡κͤ˵仰
һûˣЩصпκͤͳ˹ԡ
䵭ȴ̫òϧķ顣
κ֪ͤô룬˿ֻĺÿȫ֪ʲôƢԣԼȴʵʵһˣСӸ߰ȫ
ʹǱͿգ׮׮Ҳˡ
ġӰ
κͤ̾˿
Щ֢֮κͤջ֣Ѱ˼ڴҩøЩ֢ҩ塣
һ߷ɿռһ˵Щ֢ĥ£ͷ㿪һӡ
ף۾ŻǱߣһ˵α鷳Ҳ¡
κͤҡͷ̾˵ĪҪҽ³ҩ
ͻȻǰŴŵ˵һ䣺֮ǰ֢Ǹպ˵Ļˡ
κͤȴ˵ĻԼ뿪Ļ
ȴ侲ȣĲ˼ң˼ΪҪá̫࣬ú
ƺͷһƽһú˵
˻һ˷ģ֮κͤ뿪
κͤԺһ߽ദʱϸڶһ顣
ˣƬ̺˵һ䣺ʹȥԺǱûʲô¡
ǣӡæӦ


068

˰ѳ浰ѰԼǷʰ, Ž
ƺûûᵽ浵⣬Ҳʡ
֮ǰͬκͤĹϵԹ޼Ǻ, Ҳû
ЩͬѰױ, ˽¸̾˼, ˵Ҳ֪Ǻûǲá
ǰţǼд, ƽүҲԸ, âżһ£öҪڡ
ֺ濴, ǼҹүʧĺԶûԸӡκԼҹ￴ס
վֹͷԹģ˭ÿ
ºôͷ, ȴҲЩʲô, Խ᲻ͷ
˿ŵģﲻܡ
׿, κͤγˣû¶, ױܼǹ, ﲻϡ
֮ǳдһ͸, κ֪ͤ˹ڳ⻭¡
ûԼ߳⣬ǾãǽκͤãŽԼ֪һһ֪
ԭ꣬˱Ȼʵ顣
귽֪ǲûӮ, ˱ףӮ˳Ƿȷʵ
֪͵˺Ļ͵컻յԼǸӮ˳⣬ʹʹ˷ʡ
֪ʵ飬ȴΪ˷ǲϵջǳĬ
˴˺ģͷβֻһ⡣
ʹ˶ʣһ츳ѹȥҲᡣ

κͤһ֮󣬺ܾö˵
֪Ϊ⶯ݵزԼûԤϵۡ
ԭΪԼ̹Ȼⲻ֪Լʱж֪
κͤԳһЦǰòĹͬԼֲʱǨԼҲǸˣ֪ʲôʱ类Ѿͷöģ顣
˳״Ҳѣ޷һѷ֪֮´ơ
֪Ϊ֮ǰ֮ܳ»˴û͹٣˵˷ҼҲù
Ҫ𴩵£õİ취ñ˻ԭݺԳ壬õġ
ǣ˽飬Ͳϳ棬˵ʵ¸ѡ
·κͤȥȥ˺ظһˡ
⣬ܾˣ˵һ䱧ǸȻ֮ʵ𣬱ϾѸߣܲô̼
κͤǵõ𰸣̸ʧҲûй
ΪʼգļƻָͲںϡ


069

ָϺ, ֻñİ취κͤЩԥҪҪϲ̸һ̸£Ȼ˼һǾȲ˵, Ϊƺܻر¡
Ҳ, ˭ҿ˰, ԡʧܡġ
룬һȽ˵
Ҫ浵İ, κͤдó浰Լһ£ٰһʫ򻨻, ԵزһµΡ
, 浳ԶſںһʱվûͬҾۻᣬʫ磬˳Ȼ
һչ˳ȥ
ȻҲһ, 浵Ѿġûô, Ϊֻǵѡ
ܿ쵽ʫա
ױͣѾҶȥ
, , Ѿæӭ˵Ǽǡ
԰ɫ, δЦš
֮, ʶʶ֮ˣһͻƷ˵
Ц̣Ц
Щ֣ҳ̳֮ˣûʢ֡
ֽһ߿, Ц˵ŵþãƻˡļԼҹȰ棬Ǵذ￪ĵġ
ˮϯʱ˷׷С
ƷƲ룬һ磬֦ʫƷʡ
˿֮ˮʯࡣ
֮䣬֮Ȼͣ£滨ڳ浵İǰ
Ц˵Ӵ￪
΢΢һЦŻ֦һһûţ촽һʫ
ʫʮ⾳һЩﶼﶼϸϸƷ˵ţжδܼҲ
ţƫһˣȻþףһ
˿ȥһʣƺС㣬ôˣ
Сˣų浣¶һֹı顣
ҶƼ֣һֻҪ˵ʲô˵ι£˿ܡ
⡭ҡҡͷƳ˳һۣǼǴˡ
ⷬü۹˾ԣǵòаĦ
ȴһЦ󶨶ŶǴʲôˣ
Էһͣȴ֧֧㲻ɴࡣ
˿Ŷˬ죬Ƣģֱ˵ ƽʱҲǸ˵ģôưһ
Сͨ죬Ȼһ˵ҡ˵ʫЩ죡
ԭһԵĳ⣬һ⻰üë俪ڣ˵ʲô˵һ飿
Է·һ£˵۸˾ǳ۸в
еǲϲˣ񣬵ԣſʲôСóСʫʶ죬˲˱˵Ķѵһ˵ˣ
Ҫְס
Ȼ˵áվûŻ
Сϡ
ţ˵С㣬˵ʲô˵ϸЩ˵档
һòʱ۸ӣƢ𱬵Ĺһѣʲô˵ѽ
ȿ˿ңŰĿڳϣڣʫ֮ǰСɤᣬе˼ȴԣ浵˱˵ʫ
⻰һ˻Ȼʼ˽
΢Ц㲻ң˻ɵĲһ
Ŷһ䣬˵λС㣿Ǻʱʫ
β˴ߣ÷ɿ죺Ӧ֪ǣǷλûС㣬֪ǡȥ귽ʫ磬Ҽǵ÷Сʫ
ڳ˼졣
浣֤ݣ
ȻУʱʫﲻֹһˡ
䣬Ⱥп˿һߣһָָҵĵáλСڣλС㡣
֮߳ˣ浵̫ϤֻЩ졣
ܿ죬λ˵ƺʫģ
Ȼƺ֣ⷬΪǶ˳浳Ϯʫ
ֱǣ˵˵վһЦߵǰЩС㣬λС㣬ԣ
Ī߳ŭˣ˵
˵λǰ߰ԵԸ񣬷ǸŮȴһ˭Ҳϵģˡ
ȻڱûʱǹһЦݡ
ã浻
ҲòĻֻ˵Ļ
Ϊɵˣ浲Ųæ ֽһѾ߹
ѾЩһ飬֮й񣬾ͽ鱾ݹȥ浡
鱾Եһͷ˵˵ʫǺ֮ǰģӦ˽յľһ֪Цǲ֪ʫ˷֪ǹҶ һ٣Ȼе鼮һһٵϰߣõ˺ʫЩɲᡣҶһʫ˭֮
ʱʫ磬Լĺţ浵ȻҲС
ŹҵĶţ˼ֻ֪ʫʶʱô˼١
չȥ֣ͷнʫʱصģǰ
ԣ⵽˭͵˭ģԶ
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