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½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ

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1 Ϊ

үԸۡ
ͷɢȵŮڵϡ
ŮķӷףֵϽԭòգ
ûУңĲҡ
ڵˮϵ´ӻعһ࣬ҧ㣿˵˵㻹˭
ŮˣǱ
¸豾ͱȳ˷Ӧģ˿ǻڷ˯˭֪ôһ۾ˣ
Ҳ֪Ĳ֪ҡ
ɫڣҽƱ硣
ոոķ۰ݵ磬Ҵģ㣬㡭翴ڷ縮ϴᷢ䡣
⻰Ǳ϶¸ǹ͵ϴˡ
ܷܷͼӴ׵̫¸㲻ҪͼүӦñײǡ
ףδЩ˰ɡ
һһͣ۵ԯȥͱ׶ʮ
ʮ۵ײݣҲ̫ˡ
ܷܷԸ£Ҳһ԰ǻĵߵĻǸ֣һСѽôְܷܷɣò磿
ԯ۳ĬƬ̵ͷŮһۣ۵׾һĨó֮ɫ¸豻ľ׮ϡ
ֺܷܷӾͳ÷¸˻ƣۣû͵ס֣ŹҰɣĺ۰үүң
һӺĺнүȥˡ
ܷܷ֣ͣˣĪװİɣ
ʱ磬ҪȻ˰ɡ

Ŵŷ¸ʹѣѪҴˣҲˣ磬ˣСʱ˵Ȣҵġ
ʵʹҪ¸ԴѪȻĪ֮ͼ֮顱
֪ľԯէ֣죬ʱĻܵ棬Ҳվӣƾؤ˶ݣϱô
¸¶ˣϲȴ˵һͷѪӿٶʡ
ѽҶûôء
ۣܷܷһһϵ޷죬һ
ԯͷϣԭ¸裬Ļϧ˼
ҡͷ
Ԫ˧˵Ů͵үϴ裬иʲô¶
ǸŮҲͰˣƫ縮Сޱȣ֣ѹүܻ
ѡ
һˮͷϣ¸ٵתѡ
Цüͷһװ̵磬ٴȥҪˣǡ˰ɣڷ縮ϣ顣
ƣүأ
ԯһ²ؼ䵭ģ۶飬򡣡
ԣ¸絶磬ǰģôô
磬Ҫ
ԯ۴ŭ죬˭ôбģ
ܷܷ䣬һ޺ݹһޡ
ʮ޹󣬷¸ѱƤŮ̲סƲͷ
ͳªһѪ۴Ŀģڵ۵׵ֻ磬һʱѳֲס˻ƣСʹ룬ɡ
¸費֪ͻȻ˻òè޺Ӽٴȱۼװܵ˺ſԯۼͷӿ
ԯ΢ա
ټһٰӡ
׮ϵķ¸ڳϣӦ¡
ʱ¸ȻвۿҪٴضȻԣԯȻӳȥ
һߵķ¸裬Цˣ룬Ф磬ҲԼʲôУ
磬Ѿܵˣٹˡ
ͣ۶Ҳ顣
ۺߴӵƲͷԯʮãϲˣ˳ò

ú󣬷¸ѾѰԼС㣬òУ֪̫үڣ縮һɷ˵ҲѰңԳȥѰԺǽǷְķ¸衣
С㣡

ա
ĺ
縮һưܲĲԺѪ۵Ů˫գڴϡ
С㣬ūȥҴǧ࣬С㡭
ô˲̣ڵϵѾ棬֪ϵȻ췦Ծƭʵ
ǳȥҩô͡ͻˣ
СѾˣ˽ΪҲΪǣÿɡ
ʹ޵һСոպЩ˾ôȲ
˵컹˵СûΣյģؽͶˣ˰º֣̫үǻŹǣ
-

2 թʬ

֪ʬ𼣣ֹЩԸ
̫үڣҩΪɰ֧ߣС㶪ƷϵԸ⣬ǰ̫үʱСסĿǸõԨ
̫ү£Щ˱뷽跨زкС㣬ıǺˣ̫үһʵԸ档
̫үģԻС𣬵ʱһӲ
С˲౯˹ȣ׷ȥ춯֣СΪļʱɳ𣿡
״棬ȶ֣㲻أǷ̵Ļᡣ
ŮŶ룬Ǹ°΢ֺ̧һٻģǷۺӰεܷܷﶼٲ˵¸贽Ц
ʹ˸ɫѾᣬǰץ࣬෴Ӧڵ
۾˶һɺһƬ۽ᡣ
ſңҪ̫үСǲҼС㣡
ܷܷͣԼ͵̫ԡҲǻã¸ȥϸлŶԡ
ĩֶԱߵʹɫ˼ǻ֡
Ȼ۵ԲסС㣬ūûá
һûأʲô࣬ҡ
թթʬ
Ҳһ˲纮Ծ»ǯס֣۽ǣײײߡ
С㣬û£û˰챣ӣϲ
ģȻˣʧˡ
˵øлǣǷ¸ˣҲĿȨ
ΪʮͶӶŮһȴᴩʱգ⸱ﱻꡣ
˯һ۱ܿ¸ɵ£ƭãŪ
һһΡ
ˣΪʲôˣҵȻ̳˷¸壬ôĳҲһ̳ˡ
ɰϢɷ¸裬һȥ㱨ѩޣǷ¸裡
ǣ˵˵ǺʱˣɲҪſڿӡ
ܷܷŭôûΪɽ֣֮ҽη¸裬Ϊ˷ɡ
Ǹ۱֤һŪ¸裬û뵽ôⶼˣ
뵽ˣܷܷ۵״˶һͲŪ
ɱ¸Ŀܷܷôܺãɱ˶ˣͷĶ֪
סܷܷľӣ¸ѪܷܷסħôôǸɵӲݰ¸裿
ţ֡
¸衭ң
¸Цкβң
Ҳ˭˺ܶ࣬ϼǷιһҴ򹷴ˣһһվԣ
ϵܷܷᶼ쭳ˣֱ۷ӶѾ˵Ѿȫ־Ϯ
Ҫˣ
ҲܷܷĵĿŷ¸裡
ͬ𺧵ķۻ־־㣬˵ʲôǡ˲ɣſܷܷҪ
¸ЦһܷܷĶϣ߳˺Զܷܷ۵һһѪеĿ־ȴŨ˿Ͼ˼ֻܴڴڵĴ
ֻԷܷܷ֮һܳţ̫̫ˣ¸ħоõɱԼ
ϢһޱȵĽӽ
¸ȴ˿ûе£ڵˣӲĴոչֱŪִˣͲˣϾԼûվȽŸ
ܿ죬һܲģ
תͷ˷ۣЦҵĺãҲ볢Գô
˵ʲôסǿЦЦɵӣôȻˡ
¸ЦǰȴһˣһĿŷ¸衣
¸Цְѷס߿ڣҶǣαװƤҲڸǲסҪ˵񣬲˭˭ɲ˵ãúһĿʱɡ
˵ЦˣǶһˣҺúϢùЩʱ㣡۱¸˵ľæӷ¸ħæ뿪
ӣһķ˺ıضɣαغһ߹ƣֵã
ֻҴ뿪˿ûոжԴ
¸һĨʶʶֻҪ룬ʱʶɢҲҪȥ߷ħ
ߺ󣬷¸ȴɫһףǿŵһ˿Ҳɢˣڵأྪǰ˷شϡ
С㣡û°ɣ
¸ҡͷްϢһ¾ͺá
Ĩ᣺ūȥҩ̡
Щǿɶ񣬳̫үڣ˶ԴС㣬̫ү
¸֣Żһʹڴϡ
סϿ˭翿Լ̫үܻһʱһ
С㣿
һ㯣СƺòһˣǰС˵ⷬ
-

3 һֻ౦

ˣȥɣϢ¸΢΢̾СѾͷǸĻģҲͦ飬ֻȱ
պ󣬽鷿
ǻУر𰡣䣬֪֪縮˺£
ԯ޶ԣǽ©縮һߵĲ
縮ͬ޹ء
ѽëô²ؼ߸߹ѵһ棿
ԯƳһۣ飬زסӣʹʣҲ˵İɣαضһ١
ҽӡ
ǰ䣬˺죬֪ôĵһҽǸĻ죬֪ڿഫظлܱܲס
㲻֪ǰװһһ£
ص㡣
Ʋ죬صǷ縮С㣬͵ϴ㱻ûǿŮޣң˸ǶȲ
ԯ飬⵽ڸֶҿ̫ˣóֵףҲ÷ĳ
۽һ飺Ǳˣ˭ѹƶԣ˵ǰɡ
롣
ʱ䵽ˡԯ˵תţæϡ
ºڷߡ
ɽһȻȪԯÿ±Ҫδԭǽء
ԯظյɽȻͣסţʲôˣ
ȪһӰһζԯ¡
ÿ죡֣
¸ĵװ⣬Ī˵δȫʢ֮ڿֶûӮ
Ķ౦ô˶û֡
ͬһԽԼ޶౦ֻѰСޣָ⴦˵ĵر⴦Ȫɿ޲߰е塣
ŴҹĹ衣
û뵽Ȼײơ
¸ۼֿԼʺץָʶæٻ౦
˵Ķ֣һҪҵΪϡ
˭
ڱĵϣ͵ñĶӲС
ǲСرʡͺţɲǰִӹŹķСô
¸üɫ˶š
౦У˵ԼҲû취Էͷ̫󣬶һ¶ᱻԷвɱ
Ҫȫ뿪ֻܴӶԷעĵһˡ
ĽҰ⣬ãϵģλЯԡȪ
⻰Ӱ˶أ
ԯ۵׺һ
±ŶŭߵĶʱ䣬ɲ֮١
㵽˭
ߵ֮¶ߣֻ֪ε֪ԯʢ˵䣬Ѫļơ
ܲɣǸҽߣȻһ֪
͹ˣ縮С㲻˶֪ݰ°۴ζ
˽֪¸òΣ޵īݰһǲ֪С㻹ҽߡ
涾
ѵڶֲš
о仰ҥֹߡ
ǰ²ǣ˴ǹս£ؽζ
ǵʲô
ֱԯɫ࣬촽Ѫͷֱ͹ʱҪԭرըȻѡ
ǰ֮ڣԯɽѹƶԵģ¸ͻȻֵʱ
ϣҪˣ
ԯһͷѪӿ³ѪϺϺڵģشʧɫæԯȪ䣬Īĸ꣬񣬴
˵ţһ৶¸衣
ôĵһҽѵþһѣȻľǸô𱨵ģȻ˻á
С㣬˵˽أСҴؽûΣ㲻á
׳оȹһᣬôأ˽Ȫһġ
¸üһĵ¿ηΡ
ߵѹֻԽԽŭ³Ѫڱף̫мҡ
ص㶮ʲô
ǿ֮вҪġ
¸ҡͷˣͷ͵ǿȪˮķϣöһ٣ʲôϵ
˦ַɳ룬һʱ鱻ԭأϾǺȻ
Ƿ¸裿
-

4 

һ˫ۼ𣬿ϧã㵽˭ôʲôô¸裬һӹŹǲã
죬ĸ죬ٴ
صɴۡ
ۿŷ¸ָ뷭ɣԯɴ⬡
ԯҲúܣϧǹؼʱ̣ɷģ򶨵һʱŮˡ
꣬ԯһ³ںѪ¸侲룬պö౦֪֨֨ڱҽС
¸һۣٸˣ
౦ͷģ¸Ȼȥ
¸һߣرг忪Ѩ˿ɫԯ䣺оΣ
ԯۣأôǸŮڱʩΪ
Ǵ˿쳣Ҫشһܡ
ҲҪˣҽصɵѹĶԣ
˵еĲݰôһֳ뻯ҽȻԲɾš
ԯҡͷѹƣоͨ泩࣬⡣
ҿһԯӶʱһ
䣬Ҿܳ׽Ķ
ʩ˼룬Ծɢһ룬Ů˵׺Ҳҽտģ£ָ
Ǵĵһҽ
ԣ
Ҿⶾǵˡһ֮ϲ
ԯ䲻÷Ҳ˵ǵѣⶾľٶǷǸ塣
顣
¸衭
ܺãɹȤ
ҽߵ֪֮նҲϹ
꣬ѹĶ꣬ʱҲҩԯɡ

縮Ժ¸һ㣬ɹǽ˷䡣
סҲȫ޺ôҹ͵ȥȽϷ㡣
౦ȪµʲôֲЧ֮á
һʱ˺˴롣
౦ӷ¸̽ë׵ͷʶԻǾݣľЧȻá
ϧ
ղһͷˣǼ򵥵ģо綾ǸǸ¶ˡ
ˣҪҪ뷨ӰѶ
ֲѵãǸ綼һֲûɹϾѵá
¸蹴
һĸԸ˫ַϡ
౦ֻǰצ䣡
౦ɲͨѰһĿռϵ裬Яռ䡣
ŵԣ¸ʡ˲¡
¸ۣ뵽ǰʶӶӶ֮Ϊùһ졷ֽ䡣
졷ǲԭֻѧϰ벿벿Ѿ㹻Ӷ͡
°벿͸ˡ
ʲô֮ģ¸ҲһԽ֮Ӧ
¸ʲôˣͷԾԳ棬ԼԲһԭ粢ûֶУ
ǲ˵Ժ벿Ĺˣ¸ɫһ˵ԽǺ¡
ڶ౦һֱʱ˯ڱԱߵģˣץ֣ǱѱǩԼ
¶Ҳֻж౦Ϊҹͦãڵһ˵ܡ
Խ£ƽпռ䣬ǧ硣
Ͼǧ磬治УǹָԼ౦ޣһ磬䵽ﱻ֡
ĬΡ
¸ջ˼ȱƨҪҵˣ
౦ŬŬСү¶һʲôʱʧ
ƾճһ͵Сݷϣ¸ʮ⣬ӳһǶģĵ裺ģ
Ĳݣⶾҩ֮һ
ָ̧л̥Ӱܲ˵øʣ˵˾Ǻȿˮϱ졣
ССֵĸһջֻۣ޼
¸һ
ңԻҲã˼
֮ȽԼϵ̥ҪԼ˶ܡ
౦Щҩ롣
ĦʳָϿаƵֽ䣬౦һԼıĽָ
ϧȫޣʱֻܴ򿪵һ㣬װĲٱ¸һղصСãʹԽʱգպҲɳԴ
û⣡ϡıбүڣҲСһ׮
¸ôԴƨС治֪ôôС
ˣٳһȴԡϾԭǸϲܲδ֪
էṳ̂ܲʵ
СԺԳһء
΢
¸̨΢΢һ
ˣ౦
౦ݴԣǼһһʵˣǸۡ
¸ͷ
㡭
δϰ趨
տɺЩˣɻõ
¸Լ˱裬ҲûҧҧǣӲͷƤûתߡ
ۣ˻֮ǰҾ˵ǰװģֲαأңͲɱ㣬ţ
㡭ң֪ҵĳĳǸģֺα˵Щõء
-

5 վҪ

۹ίϵĺӴ򿪡
㲻ϲֻҡô񣬽ĪҪźá
ȷʵǺö
¸ָ棬౦̽ͷڣǼ鼴
ģ
ŵӣҪײҪ
οȴþӣⶾķУֻмϧҩҪ౦ȥңͨҩķ㡣
ⲻǮˡ
Է£˿ˡ
¶ϲոշ¸Ǹβӣأ
ĿĴɣҲû˼¸ѿ࣬˸ͷˡ
Ȼϣʱʱ˾ʹһĵشԺ

ҷףôͳ˷¸ܻҷ࣬ˣѡ
¸ǰһ
Ǻ⡣
Ц⣿֪ˡ
¸˿⣬ǽƾͼƣҲЩȥˡ
Щ˽ȥ֮󣬲Ƶ˵ʲôҲ֪ҷ縮СķôˣҪѲô죿
ߣѲѲ˵ЦôѲǿǷŵġ
۵ŵ⣬һվſڵ˰ΣȥһȦ˷׷׳ˣûС
ʲôⲻܣ
۶ˣô?
ôܣ˺ǾûѳҪĶܲ˼飿
Ҳ֪Լʧԣ΢ɲ͵ƳԵȺòס
ôᣬˣЩҽ˴㡣
¸ɹЦ᣿
Щ²̨ĴҲòϣˡ
ǲ֪ʲôᣬô˺Яô˵ɷ˵һͨѣҷ縮ϺڣԺʲôèҷѲһˣ
С׻ߣҲãҲСģŪҵһʱ鼱˲ԣ۶Ǹˣ֡
ô˵Ǻ޵ҪôûУƺʱοô̵ʱڣ¸ϲлתơ
ԭúõļƻ
Ī֪壬ȴ⽫ƾͼƣɵӣôôˣ
ԽԽòԾƺ󣬷¸ͱĲһˣ
ѲɻԼǶٴ÷¸迪ˣ
ŶԭϾ縮ôżסūҲ棬Ϊĸһ֮ʱǿԺõöİ֮һʱ鼱Ҳ⡣
¸ЦţȻɫһ䣬ȵȻ˵ᣬҷ縮ϺڣǸԵūŸҽҷ縮ȻūţҪЧȣ
˺ͷɫһ䣬¸Ҫ׷ˣ
ūţĽԵūţȫԼһֲ߻ģһʱȥҶūš
üͷһ۷¸裬Ȼᣬ⿪˾ͺãα˺֣
¸迴ûһۣҷ縮ȵССҲССĹء
㣡
дŭôû뵽¸Ȼ˵ܾԼĻ
ҽķ¸мȳԾ
⻹Ǹֻ֪ĵķ縮Сô
Ҳǵϣһ۷ۣ΢ˣǼҽӵūͨͨȱС
Լʹָʹǹ¸ģæӻ˴ȥ
˱ߺ޺޿¸裬
ˣС⣿
¸Цͷжȣ˽¸޻˵
Ȼ޻˵һнƾͼƾߺüĸ˺޵ȥ¸輸ơ
סˣ⣬Ц
ƤЦⲻЦĳ˳ǣȻˣ㲻СϢ
˵תߡ

Ȼͷ۵ɭȻ¸費컺ڵԺӻƧպýҲеȤ̣
ҧ̣Ǵ
С˵ǣ˰̣
ƳӺѾߣһԺ̣һʱ޺죬ģֻЩ˶Ұѱ߬ģʱģûһ˿˵ⳡֵĻı
ūŶ̵ĻԺˣȱС
ŭģתߡ
̿ʼ㲻ֱӵķۣͷԯۼԯȻֵܣ¸۸񼸷֡
ŮûǰĴ֮Ѫݶ
ˣ¶۶ãŶ˶ҲмūȥԲסԭ۶ɺã
Ϸмֿ֮ģȥվǣҪġ
-

6 ү׼óʲô

һΣ˲ǣֻί̧ԯۡ
ԯšü۵ŭӷ¸衣
Ȼ۶ѾǸᣬΪ㣬㲻δЩˣο۶Ǹ㻹
Ϊע⣬Ǿʹش
ԯķ¸䲻ǰǰôǿҲòȥ
¸Ŀһۣ治֪ԭ׿
Ͷ࣬¸һ˦תݣţˮ
ԯҧгݣãõĺܣô󣬳˸ʣ˭ҵôû
ܹݣ¸裬δ̫Сԯۡ
ò˵Щ˳ȳ⣬൱Ϊǡ

ҹ
ڤķ¸Ȼ˫Ŀ˯Ķ౦Žڡ
ҹݹ٣֪кιɡ
Ӱһˣôף
縮Сδȥû־ͱ¶ˣ¸ô죿
ԴܷĴڵģҲһͻȻû˰ա
Ϣ£Ҫӳ顣
ӰһӴڴڽ¸Ĺ뷿
Ҽ롣
ӣ
¸šüҹ͵͵˵磿
۽һ飬λС㣬δҲֱ̫Щ
ǰǰˣȻҪ͵͵⻰˵Ȼܡ
Ҽ⣬ԵЩС֣ɷ룿
¸һЦٳӡ
Ҳ²¡Լװ磬Ӱ֮࣬ʢ֮õ䲻йصȴǲࡣ
Ҹյ鷳ϲ˿ԯۣɰҹǰġ²ǽԯɣ
ͫһ¸Цݽ󣺡¶ˣ
᲻Ծһʲôв¶ˣ
ոջвȷķӦǸңҲµĲ
µģ
ղô֮䣬оݣȫǺҲ²⣬˵թģ
ǰĶʱѾĶӡ
סתߵ***沿΢Ӳ
СҼȻ֪
̬ȣڱʾȥ
¸Ц⣬֪ԯΪ
ӵˣȻ⣬ܵȵҲѵˡ
á
С㣬Ī¡
һ볤Ȼסղ˵ǺãǾܾ
֮ǰôƱˣת۾Ȼô˵ЩӦΪɫİıһ
΢΢ȭȻˣС룡
ԭϽ˴ȥƺ̫ܣҪϢ뿪縮С㣬Ҫˡ
á
¸һ㣬Ȱֺ

ӣС㵽ˡ
ĿԯȻۣųԴơ
ð˴
ΣҲ룬ʵǼˡ
ȥ
ԯδ׼׷Ҳ׷ʧʱ
ɺá
һʺ򣬷ԯ޴й
Сñ¡
ҽǿ磬߶İ޿κΣһְԻãǵ˱ƭ˶٣
֮⣬¸費ͣҲ׼
үޡ
ãܺãǳ֮á
ԯ䲻ŭЦ¸赱б£ͬ
СȤͬף
˵¸̬ӣ΢Ȼɡ
汾ⶾΪףҪģеģ˫ַϡ
ԯȸӦУ˵㹻ĵΪ¸ƿأ϶Լǰݺ
ʱɲ⣬¸ҲǵǶһˣӡ
ôֱʡ
ԯ䲻ɫġ
ͲҰº֣
ԯбϣȥʵϷ¸֪Ƕˣ
һ̽Ҫжٵߡ
ԷĴϻۣȻɵ¡
¸ɹЦ
๧άǽˡ
ôү׼óʲôĳ⣿ǺҪݻŶԣ˵أ
ԯ䴽ЦϧЦⲻ۵ס
˼̫أ¸谵ԼպҪӱСĲСЦͱһˣɱȼ溰ɱĿµöࡣ
¸˼ͽתԯΧ֮ڣҪ󡣡
ﾫ˹Ȼ˾ġ
ŵ󷽣ܺǾ䡰Χ֮ڡ
˵û⣬Ҫ󾡹ᣬĴԼУģǾͱǸˣޡ
ùԲġ
ڸϷ¸Цˡ
˭˭һһء
ãү仰¸Ե߾ܣȡ˫ӮĿģݻ
죡
ԯۣܾЦٵÿԣôѹ̫ע
ʲôʱ汾ⶾ
-

7 ҿҪƲ

ѵòգżɽ˵Ŀģ¸۵״ЦҪ׼׼οүⶾ֮ɽģ⣬үɽȪɷһá
ʾ䣬ҲûǶ϶ò迩
û⣬Ҫ׼ʲô˵޷
Ǵ󷽣¸ȻȻͬ⣬ʡ¡
Ը׼īֽ⣬дһҩͣʺ󴵸ɣոսغԯһۣԼͬĿ
ôࣿҪҩ
¸ɹЦǡϷͦ࣡
Щүġ
¸һӣָЩõģͷүһٴͣүҴҵ󣬲СŮ⼸ζҩɡ
ζ
ʵڲ֪˵ʲôãЦСдĲ
ɷ裬ʮ㣬žǳһδǵĹ֮֡
ԯƤֱֺòõĲҪ
ؼǺһҩĿҪǵü
ԵһүСǼοڻãôر˭ϵء
һӣ⣡
ǿɹʶ¸豧˱ȭȻˣҿҲˣ˿в㣬СŮ͸ˡ
ߺòͣ
ԯȴʼһɲ䡣¸ߺ󣬽ֽݸء
ô
ţ
ػ񣺡ʲôô
䣬ҿҪƲԯšüһЩҩİˣĵرƾȱӣ
ضһ飬ǲҲ֪׹󰡣
Ȳ˵֪ʵ۶٣˰мУ⻹ֻ֮һ
ôˣ¸ҪЩĵرʲôã
òҪԼɣ
ذ뿪Цⲻ֪һеģȻˣ
ԯü¸ĿֵǼռŵࡣ
þΣƣͷǶεúã㶾ָ治⡣

˵¸صԺ󣬽磺ĸС˱
˱ˮţ¸ٻѰ󣺡౦ÿҪȥɽһˣҩġ
ǱҲȫָǻмζرҩģûдȥϾȫŵùˣбҪֺ·
һɲȽ٣ԯǳջۣ֢״ڱ档
أǸٹ̣ӰòСٲⶾҲӰǡ
İˣҶ౦ڣʲôĵرҲ
ҪôѰء
ˣղȥˣ֮ǰ˹أҷ練ӦĿ죬ŪΪ˯ˣŰ˴ߡ
ô˭
ݶ౦˵ǴߵĴѾ濶
˵ĴѾͷҹ
ɿк쳣
౦ҡͷûУǸ濶ǵģһ˾ˣδ
أ
Ѿͷ˯ˣ˯Ŀ㣬ƻ֪ˣֻء
¸˵ͷ顣
Ƕ౦̰˯ûһָҪ¶ڶɲϣģ躹޲Ŀǰ衣
ˣһʱ磬˯ȥɡ
౦һ˫С۾׼ôҰ౦þûˣˡ
Сһû
ִʱ౦ǣɣʳƷϣԴԽڸ֮㲻ˡ
¸ͷһ
졣
һǿˣοԼҳ
˱֤౦ſ˯¸迴ɫŨͻȻܵһ˿޵ĵǹ⣬ء
°벿Īǡǹݵ
ִδܵѵйŴƽпռ䣬
¸֮࣬ϲ⣬Ͻȴڤ벢Һܿ붨
ۣ콫
ǣأ㲻ʸжޣһȴһҲҪӲǵûУͨ泩̬ӯ٣֮С
̫ˣ¸谵ңڣʹʮһͲ°벿Ҳһֲر֮١
С㣬ϴˮˣҪϴô
ѵȺʱţ¸費ϰ߱ź򣬿ŵ࣬Ժ󲻱ź򡣡
С㣿
ҧŴǣһίʲôСǲˣ
࡭ʲôССʾౣ֤ԺٷСǧ࡭
һԲϾҪ޵ļƣʵѷ¸躧һ⼼ܣ֣
-

8 ͻȻ

¸ͷ۲ѣˣˣûҵĴвһա
֪ӶŮ½ŮӿޣôҲ岻õ֣û취ͯʱӰ
ҭµǡū澡
˽ȥɡ
ϣūźСϴΪЦС㻹ǿģû
֪Ի·ôģ¸Ѿ²ۣװܱ֡
ֱԴϲͷΣ¸ܵкƢĥûˣˣ
ֻͷŪȥƨɵĴ⬡
ͷֱ
ۿԵ಻һ¸ӽͣ࣬鷳Ū򵥵ķپУòЩ
ƶ鱦ӡ
ܴܴ֣ʮŮ
һ̵ѣ滳ԭƷζզôֱ࣡һ⡣
С㣬ǰǺϲװ
ʱ´ҹеװ磬λС㶼ôġ
¸ԿǺʹ
㲻࡭밡ڿǱ裬סֵط۵þװ͵游źáʵԸ桯
ԽתĿ죬˷¸Ľͣͷ
԰ôû뵽С
Ǻǡ
¸轩ӲһЦڿʼҲ̫ᣬۣͷժˣȥҼɫѹ

׿ġⱦһߣǵ͵İ֡
ӳ
ͭǸǵİ¸ԸЩõȾһɳ
ô޵Ļ磬ӤʹȵϣʵЩײ࣬ҲҪõö࣬¸ǰȻڷ֣޹زϸ壬ӦǸüĿӣ辡ҩĽⶾС
඼ˣС㣬ÿ
Ĺƫĵ˰ɣԼСٳҲǾʢա
ס̾Ϣĳ嶯¸辡סĸ衣
ҪholdסԲܱ
࣬һЩûǣ᲻ÿ
жһ£¸ʱš
಻סͷѾСʵۣС˵ʲôǶԵģСܡ
˵֮ǰǸͦѾͷǸ벻¸Ҳп۵ʱ򡭡
㣬¸ԯ飬ʱȲ֪ˡ
޲͸ǽ縮ɱūţܿ촫ȥ䶼ΪЩūŵ˷¸裬³һʱ¸˲ݰգòΣֶһݶ
Щ¸豾ȴϾᣬǷЦĵ
һأҵҪ¸η
ѾȽⱲӶָ
۶ôδЩ³çϾ¸βҲշ磬ã»㡣
Цذĸ׷ıǣѾŵ֮λֻ游أǿ˫ϲţ˭뵽¸衣
ʱ¸Ѿ׻ˣδʹ游û׼Ҳء
صͷá
Ҳˣ֪Ҳ˵ġ
Ů˼ּͻ飬εȵҫΪ۶ҫ鹣̫үƫ¸裬Ҳò۶
ô꣬ҪüˣʱЩй󸾣Ǹðͽ˭ҳһĸ׵ͷܶסЩ죬ʮֽ
ĸŮã¸ѱװ͵͵ɫֱɽ
ѵȪðײá
¸ܵΧʮֳԣȷ縮ǼСԺö࣬ѹֲ
²鿴һȷ˺󣬷¸ˮԸ౦䣬Ҫû°빦
غ˶౦κη紵ݶҪˡ
İˡ౦ӿռͳһüɿУǷ¸ڳ͵͵Ūġ
šóԣ
౦ԵֱСͣζܣ̹
һѾ붨㿪ʼܣһ˫С֧
һ紵ݶˣ
ˣˣ¸ۣϵģ˭
С㡣
Ӱ߳һ棬¸һ۱ϳİ
£
Ѿϰ˷¸衰ϤһСı£򶨵رȭǰҽǰС㡣
ʲôԶ
¸Ʋ죬Ȼûа׳ԵͣͿʼϢˣ
һץȪʯͷϵã˳
߰ɡ
ջض౦¸ɫ䡣
ǣС롣
-

9 ҿɾͲ

ԯ޷
ڸԯʩǿѹƶԣ֮ǰ¸ôġ
ɲ֪ΪΣ¸Ǽųֻǿѹơ
ֱ¸Ŷ룬˿ˣ

¸ֻһۣҴߵߣԯͷϵεۿԯ䷺촽ԽԽ࣬ز⡣
̫
ʲʲô˼
ⲻǰʩĲģһûΪҽŻеġ
ϴںɽǡ
ϴϴΣΡ
ֲ࣬ĪÿʩĲ趼ͬ
³çˣ˰ɡҲһʱ鼱˭ԯ
¸ʩ룬αȽأͼӰһԯɫԽӻͣ촽𽥻ָ
شϲΪҪˣ
ˣ
ߵ࣬ö䣬˳ž߿ɵԯ湻ģⶼʣһţŵ
زˣԯѣס¸š
ϡ
Ƿɣ¸üвʣֻв˵ķݶδв
үŲңǾˣΪֹ
˵˳ְһ룬ԯ˲ð亹ҧͦסʮֲƶŷ¸裬ң
͸ôţ
䣬˵䣬Բסʩ룬պɽȪãٲҲɣͷ˸˻ȥ
¸ۣҪȪ׵ֲҪȪˮ
ԯ䲻ڣ¸㲻֣һ㲻ҲӲյ׵ļơ
ؿøż޷˵ԯʱЦԯʲôӣ
ջǷ¸ʤҪԯûӲյʱ
ҩģ£߰˰ˣҪñ֤
ˣҩĿɾûˡ
¸Ц
ЩҪŪ˷Щʱˣүûˣɻز
ˡ
ԯ׺һ˿ҧгݵζһ֡䡣
ְɡ
ɽأЩ֮ǰԲ
ɿ֣ɷ¸ʩΪȴյ
Ůˣ׺ˣһҪÿ
¸䣬һۣ·ԯɴ⬡
سױַĿתֱ¸ͣ룬һ
ǸȻؿһۡ
͵ѧ
ް¸貢黳۾ܿᣬš
ʱѹˣζִ̫٣ֻѹƶԹģҽӦ֪д˶ߣɶ书û󡣡
üô֪
ɡ
С֪Ϊо綾Щ˼úã侮ʯɼ̿ͣʤţҲһʱ⣬Ϊ˾Ҳš֮ҵĹʧС㣬治֪ôźãл
ԯͷۡ
㱾ǷһΣպҪܿڡ
˻
¸泩֪ͺã󻰿˵ǰͷ´Σܾܲȵûҿɲұ֤ҩĴˣȥԣʱѹƶԵҩ裬Ҫʱ
򲻵Ѷ֮ʱҲΣա
һز˵ԯüԤУǷ˵Ǿ仰⣬Ů˾ԲʱѹƶԵҩ
ﾫһŮˣԯȻЩȤˡ
ûǰˣС
׳ŲôܿҲûпȡ֮˦Ī뷨ԯΣյۣ

¸Ů˲Ե޹ʴģԿżɽ
ϵ
¸趼봵
һǧһš
ԯ䣬˫˫һǧһţĶҲǺܹ
˭֪
ƽ𣡡
ôȥ
ģԯסֵĲвһǰĻ
ҲĶֱ׳ţ
ض¸Ĵָ
ԯԴѪͲö죬翴ˣɴڣֳĬǲҪŰĺá
˭ֱ࣬âҪô壬ҪôϾ֡
ĿǰСƺӮ
ҪǲҪү⡣
޿֡
ԯҧҪһغܡ
ŮˡŮˡ
Ҫÿ
£䣬ڵ裡
¸صĴѲһȦⷿү࣬ټϧҩӦоС
ղԯ˵ˣҪʲôã¸谵ĦȭƣȻˣͲˣ
-

10 Խ

õضһۡ
ЩɶǷѲ˼ıһм䱦
С㡭ҩʲôʱƺãʣĶ˵ǶҪġ
ϴ١һҩĿⷿ¸ãܿ϶ش졣
ϵĶԼĪҲһٰ˵û
ºͽʱóȥȡ
ͷ¸˽𣬵ùš
¸ҡ߳š
ºڷߵģעӰ첻ǡ
СıƼӽָҪʲôԷ

ˡ
߷¸裬طĲԯ䣬Ҵ۷ɫ󣬶ˣͷʯء
˵Ĳ¸ˣҽ֮ϣģ֪˭Խҽ
һ㻳ɷ¸裿
ԯ
Ŀǰ봫̫ྶͥҥԲţҲδ̫ء
Ҫǣ¸ƿء
ô룿ɱ˻ţʡ
ԯҡͷҹշ绢
ͬС
ǵҲǣ˿ϧ
ԣģҽܳԽģ˷¸ޱˣ£Ҳָ
£Ạ̊́Ͻδ¡
׾һؾʮꣿ˼̶ȣ˿ԯ䡣
ϣ˵Ӱӡ
ԯüŶô
Ǹ˼
Ƶ˽ŸңǾҪ˭˭
շһĹ㡣

¸صȪ´붨ʱæһ㣬һ谵صԺ
һҹھƣ۸жޣԼ棬ǿʹˡ
оǳ
ҹԯĿⷿ١ٺö¸ã׼ƽⶾ
ҩƳɵʲôģҲǵһγԣֻʱȣûйʱķѡ
ҩ飬񫡣
¸һ־ͣˣһ춼Сĵఴʱ͵ķǶ౦ġ
һڰʮ˴ʧܣ¸üëšһߡ
ˣҪЪЪŪ
ⶼһˣĿ涼õʮ֮һ
ãҾͲǸаˣ
õǶ౦ռͨҩ֣Ҳö౦ΪѰ󣬳˺óд洢ֲҩȤãͨҩҲһġ
ǸǮְҵ¸¶ۡ
౦
ħԺôơ
ߵȣͦġ
ˣҾӦʱͣһͣúܽһʧܵԭȻٽиƣ˵´ξܳɹˡ
˵Ҳǣôͻ뵽ҪѽҩƳҩӣ
ҩαҩӣдһƪġǴʧܽʵۡ
¸Ҳơ
ô˵
ҩǺܺ䣬ɾڵ豸ֻҩӣ˵ƺҩӣʲȥô
ӶŮҩ飬˵ȥҪӣ
һصͷͬ౦飺ţ˵еӦܽ¾顣
౦ɲллأڻܱס
֮һ죬¸Ծΰҩ֭Ƴҩ衣
ֱ౦ǵĵ߰˰ˣڳɹˣ౦ϲȷ¸軹Ҫ
Ŀܱסˡ
ϲˣֻһܣ棬Ҫǻִרɶġ
¸۵Цˣл㲹ܳ˰ɡ
ˣٴң˵õѹԯĽⶾ裬һ죬ץʱ䣬ȡǰչ
ϣæ¶ȥһȦ
˵ˣ౦֨֨ûӰ¸迪ʼⶾ
ģֶʧС˷ϵȵĵرϧúܡ
ھٴηʵ飬йγɹ飬¸ȴһγɹ
Сɵҩ迴һЦ
ͻȻ˶֪㣿
һ£ָ䣺ѵǰѯʣⶾƳˣ
¸ӳȥһ֮£Сסҩ裬ӾĶ
ȥӣһǧƽ͹ҪƱʲô̫ۣò䡣
ᱧȭ񣬱Ǽ£漴ԭʧԯյػǮۿŮˡ
ܻأ
ȥ˷һǧƱȥ
ͷظֵĽⶾ
طڱ᣺ģ޶ġ
ԯɫÿ
˭ˣ
¶ʲôҩ
һһǧƽ浱أҲǴģҲʡˡ
֪ԭǼ⣬ʵǵ䡭Ҫʧˡ
ҩĳɷ֣ҪƳͬҩЧĵҩҲѣܡ
٣ҩȺ󣬶Ǵ⣬Ūýҩ䶾ҩпܡ
ôһ˵ԯҲֻܷˣڲҪÿ춼ԣǾͲǳҩǳԽӡ
-

11 ȥ

ˣһ˵ȻܣǱաֻҪȷǶҩҲν
ԯֱӽҩӽڼڸоȻ
ҩ裿Ƿ¸ŪǶŪģ

һߣ¸ҲʼĽⶾڸԴ࣬ǶƵģϿҲ˼˰ɡ
ҹ¸ȥɽ
ϸǽӭײһˣɫҴҵһɷ˵¸ʩչṦ񱼡
ôˣ
¸Ѹٻԯֳˣ
ȵ˺ɽȪԯȪͷϲ롣
ˡ
ÿμ涼һĳĪ⬵ģ
룬٣˽ⶾʼúõģûþͲˣأ⵽סô£
ýذҧиһ¸Ʋ뿪ɽ
ͬھ
΢΢ԯΨһֵܣĽ飬Բۿ¡
ͼ¸᣺öѣûʲô˵ģûôŸʲô
ţ
⻹ûʲôˣû˶ˣȪأ
¸֣ٴ˵ܰĵĶ˵˾;ˣôҽ֮ѵ˵
Ϊأû˵и¡
û뵽عңڣ֪Ⱦˡ
û뵽ԯⲡӣԵǲôղǱ֣ǾҪƴ˰ɡ
Ȼһʱ̺ԯɫ𽥺ת
Ȼۣ۵׾֮ɫ
δİˣ
֮ǰж̫ȥһƣûǡ
䣬㡭оΣ
оá
˷̫ˣҩȻЧ
Ȼ뵽ղԼ뷨ԸΣԲס˷¸ղһʱ³çﲻҪ黳ǡ
¸֣ض˵ѣ·ң֪վ÷ܼģ𣿡
Σڰأó
ɫΣ¸̧ߡ
أԯϣȪڷ¸ǰ
š
˵ˣ
¸ᳰô𱨣
һĲʣһ¸費̾ǿˡ
ôΣյˣһû˺֮ǣֱϮΪֻǸͭԭ߹
ź·ء
үɱˣĶʱѹƣû׽ء
ھжĥɱ¿ǲ̫Щ
Ҫͼŭеġ¸裬ᣬΪŮˣţ
벻㾪°͵أԯ˪ձˡ
ôˣȷ񲻺ã⣿
鷳үҵظһŵ˼
ԯɫһа취
͵û˵
ղһӳˣʹ˵ֻŮ˻Щ֪֮ﻢ¡
Ȼ̨ףԯܸɴؽ¿
¸ƺ˿ȻȥԯջˣûϣŮƺɣ
ʲôʱһүôˣ
˿ĭĸơ
Ϊ£¸裬Ҳǻȥˣмƣ
ⲻ¸ƺһס
졣
˵ûưͣòѡ
ĳү΢գתˡ
¸ˣȪˡ
һ˶ռ

ʱתתѹ
¸ÿճ˴붨̥ûʲô仯࣬Ǹ
õԺٴӭĳЩ֮͡
ûԺˣɺã
ۣȻĿԡ
ָ¸ͬѴ࣬Ƶôݹ٣ʲô»ˣ
⻰ô˵ģÿǺĺǰģڸϰ磬СһͻƷ֪һϣ͸
ͻƷ
Ŵҹ㻥ʱȽİϷжУȥġ
˼ίʵȥذɡ
һ仰ûǹ
ɫһٱ䡣
֪¸࣬û뵽ױ˸һΪΪϴ˴ʱЩ̼ѣû뵽Ȼˣ
ûģѵ̼ȣඥɵӱ
ǰ¸ΪòªԱÿÿƨɺ棬Ȼϧǵߵġ
һˣãڵķ¸裬Щ⡣
֡
ݼǲݼҲɲ˷ˣ¸ƾʲôֳִ͸Ϊĵʯ
-

12 ֻ֪ͨ

ǻڹң֮ǰûǰ˵ʵǡϾǽĹˡ
ڰ͵ϴ裬֪ܣ
¸ЦûھͲļߣ̫û˼ҪѴģ
ۣԼϷϧûݣ˵˲ȥذɡ
۴Сǵͷģ˷ǧŮͷϰμģʱܹ
¸衭ҵţ
ǿûԭα¶Ȼһ춯¸裬ʶôŮˣ۶ĺ㣬Ҫ۶ߣŮ˲ֵˣ䡣
ԯ۵ĳ֣ʹ¸ԭˡ
ѹ˵ʲô̼ĻʼһģⶼûƹҪ̲סĸƣû뵽ˡ
ͷ¶βڱ˵Ժӣֱ׳ͳúܡ
࣬س׸ʰ·ˣ˵ԯ۱Ĳᣬ֪ΪΣԴϴιÿμٲһֱ˿ĳ̶ȡ
¸裬
ϣʲôʱ¶պŹŮɱȨˣ
⻰ģǹ⺬ɳӰпģһ֣һȥҪԲ˶ߡ
ٲ¼ɡ
жλ˼ҲԲĿŵôĶ֪
ԯɫһݺݵصŷ¸裺Ͻû̹ӿڳ仰
Űɱ⣬¸ǲȵĵˣȻ뵱ĳӲǺʿ
ûвǸλòĵģԯ۸⡣
˰ɱһƬƫƫۿԯ۵ֱ
磬ͱһʶˣǻҵأȹˣ۶
ԯۣ·¸£ԯºӡ
ͷ¸ܸȣĪ˵ؤδػ࿴һۡ
˲ῴɫŮǴ޿ɾҩƫƫΪԼܴƫƫ˾ͳһף
ԯ§ŷ۵ļͷ۶ߡ
תǰƳһۡ
¸ĵЦˡǾ䣡ѹִյһ
ÿɹ񫣿
ҲеϾӵȺã˶Ŀһ¡
ӰһԯŴǳԺУʲôϾӡ
粻ɣΪﶨȻǲʱЩ֪ͬйϵ
Ҳ͵ǹĿϷ
ǿʶ¸ۣǰӻģĶܴˣĹ͡
ү˵עЩôȻĶĻȥӰ
ԯ֮ԱǣΪ汾ǡ
ˣ˵ԼҲǸƻŮԻүԡ
ԯ䣺
оˡ
ϻ˵㣬һŽⶾѹƱĶԶá
Ҫ뾩һӣҪ죬òǺ֮ǡ
¸ǳնظ֪
㡭
ԯЩ׽񣬱˱ۣѹƴδйıƢͬǺϵһپ٣һ𡣡
䷢ֻ֣ҪϷ¸裬һߵ侲Գַַӱơ
֪Ҳڳʵȷʵ֪ҩҩЧж೤ʱ䡣
ԯĿ֪
ô᣿
¸üôᣬûʵ֤ɿǵһõģ´β֪ˡ
˼˵ֻǸƷ
ôĵӣһ¸裬˵ո˵󣬻ǳţ»ûһүΪ׹ǳԸɷġ
˵ΪϽܶͷϵˣ
ŷҲǺúõôʵ֤ҩã
ǺãȻҲͬһ뾩
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ֺͷµĶ֪ԯ˷ȥ¾Բ򵥣ΣԿ֪Ƿ˲Ż鷳
С
Ƿ縮Ů߶ҪǷǣοһ뾩үעСŮҪġ
ȥǡࡣ
ʱ飬ûͼ˼붼Ҫ롣
ԯһ䣺㻹ԣ
㿪Ǿ仰ܼ֮ڣ⡣
֮ǰЩǣ˶׼Щⶾûţһȥɡ
ȥ
һ仰ôȥ
֪ͨ㣬֮ȥҲȥȥҲȥ
¸ŭЦȳϣүܰҲɣ
ԯЦЦһ˫ϸķۣͳս¸ϡ
ˣţ⣬ЩĵرɾͶˡ
-

13 ر

¸ҧһˣ౦ʼûҵ϶ҪһζҩûĶⲻˣڱв
ζҪҵұӦ㡣
ãһΪ
ĿĴɣǰתһѣԯãǳЦʱ绪
յô¸δչҲòϣԯ䳤üɧһԯۣǿϲ֪ٱ
ԭôϹۿôɫ
ܺÿ
ÿӣû¶û¶أʲôʱ֪ͨһɡ

ô
³ȻԽԽá
ߣ͡
ԯ䣺
˻ʵۣһôֱ׳
¸衭ǸŮôȻԻ·һйŮô˵
һǲң˭ûиΣͲøºӡлΪ
¸裬һ⡣
Ҳѹ֣ԯۣǻֳ͵ϴ豻׵Ϸ룿
ʹŮĪ۾ʹﲻԯˡ
ԯ䰵һں˼ЩʲôŮϲ˭ʲô¡
ϲԯۣ
¸Ƥһ飬磬Ϸе찡ԭеνӲϡ
ºʱҸ˵˽֮ôȤ
ֻǾбҪ㣬Ī˭һģҪ˽Ϲ
ѣҲǾ棬Ͼԯ۲һ·ģһ¸衰ѱ䡱ʤ
¸һ۵
үܷģԯۻǽҪˣ֪֮һеģУϣԺ֮䣬ҪἰƵ˽£ǽǱߣү㡣
ǸŴݵģƲһү.ǽͷԯ为ֶָɫһӹǽͷ
ӻ䲻һƬҶ
ȴ֪ΪΣصԾԺﲻַͣ¸ųԼĿ˵ԯ۶Ǿ仰
ĵܲǸζ
ʲôӹˮ˲ɣ
вʣ
ؽŵؿԯüҡͷ
£
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ԽֻǵҪͽӣ
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ŲӿƬ̣תͷ¿Լҽ
أ˷¤֮У¸ͬȥھӦ
׼һ˵΢΢һ٣⡭Сͬˣ
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ԯò£⣬ӦܸڷϽ֮ǰ
һЩģҡ
ԯִû֮бŵù֮פأмƽϣ¾ôˣ㶯

ҹ
¸ڻһʱһʱĲ£¸˼빤ǿ˵ͨ
ʰðһµԯͻȻ֡
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ٷϻϡ
Ӱһһǰһӳ縮
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¸üë΢壬¤䣬ǰɲҸȼͼԯ˷ǽּΣ
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ʲôֹ¤£浱ɵģ΢ӻĶ뵽ıʣ¤̫ء
ǰɲǰ̫ӵţ߷¤̫ɹ
ɹϣǰس˵ûвӦлΪһ̫أһҪ
ƫƫɹ˹߻Ӫ˸Ů빬Ϊʢ費˥δ빬λ
ԯ۵ĸ
ʵȴԯǰ¤ŵɲö˵νĵ֮
¸Ҳֻʵۡ衣
һ·ҹ̣ʮյִ¤ڡ
ү׼ô
ԯⲻ£ҪְǱ֤ᶾ
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ˣҸоֲ
һֱ˯Ķ౦Ȼѹ¸ͷ
ԯ۾һУĳ󣿰ûر
۹̫Ϭ౦öڷ¸ɪɪղһʱ鼱Ȼԯ仹ڡ
̫ǿˣ£
¸Ե޹ʷĳү౦Žġ
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󣿡
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Ȳ˵ԯҲûôصĺģֻëͨЩ԰ˣΪ档
ַֻ¸ŮˣҲ
ʵʵڿջȥһˣš
-

14 Ļ

˵ĺʱһ¸֮ԱǣүܷģҾԲȥҡ
òѣҲ֪
ԯߺ
౦ղ˵ֲĸ򣿡
౦̽СԴǼʹ᣺￪⡣
ܺá
¸蹴𴽽ǣֲ˵ʶô˱Ķ޼жǱ
װһ¸軯ҹģ˿ջ̫۵ıװ磬ʤ
ִ죬־޳ޱȣ˶࿴һ۵뷨ûС
¸Ϊ⣬ն౦ָһ·һլͷ
լ
⻧˼հ
һ˴լӵԭհû֮ǰȫСһҹ֮䱻ţǸң֪Ϊ¤õͷ
СѵȰ㻹ԶҪ鷳
˾ȻǶԽԶԽá
¸˵˾л˼Ӵˡ
Ҫȥ౦ʡ
ȻֲɲʱϵģЩ˵Ҫ
౦Ʋ죬ö˲ײϣ΢΢
˭֪¸ոշɹǽͷѸٳĵطȥһײһƬڰǸʬ޳ӰУʱ
¸ͷ亹ֱð
⵽סô£
ˣǰĻһֵڵİĻ
ģлǣ뼫ȿ־֮УǲܱǿڣЧƽʮϡ
ѹְ˸飬Ȼô¸˭˶Ӷ֮Ī˵þĸʬҲеֻš
˳ȥ֮ʣȻһ춯Ťͷһ󾪣ô
ԯ䣿
¸裿
δӦԯ伸˲ǰһסľӡ
ԯ䣬ˣ
ҿԼ¸سԯһֵֻ¹ǵ׺ģ㵽Ǽ٣
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¸Ȼԯǡ˵ˣ
Ƿ¸ٰǻˣܱ£
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ԯ֮ǰΪλڻ¸貢˽⡣
а취󣿡
ԯ֮ǰûзһʱ˵뵽󷨣ŴĵشӳǡϷ¸裬ҲΪڴ˵ʱ
ͨ󷨣ǻҲѣϢĽңԯ䣬ŵùҡ
ȻŲ
ֻˣԼҪˣû취Ҳֻܶһѡ
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¤̫Ѿǰɲ߷ԯһһУĽվļգ
ԯ䣬Ӳˡ
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ڻࡣ
䣬¸˲֣бİɱַɾ䣬ʮ̱С
ۣôᡭ
òãһʱܣϧȻˡһԣԶ˵㵹£Ŀ
ˣߡ
˵ԯһȻء
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¸һװϵĴˣصջ׼ҩԡӽԡͰһˮա
¸衭
ƻʮ֣ԯۣԼڵˮͰ̵Ҫ
ּһԵķ¸裬ĵԻ
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ǰŸߣԭӦû˯ȥԯȻۣ
һ·β棬Ȼٴլ
ԯСڷ¸˻
ˣںԺ
-

15 

¸ͷĻڽҲۿۣԷ¸˵㲻ʲô֮
ܿںԺˮԱҵһʺɫСƣǰĻ
౦СԴ˵ûȽĻժ£ӿռ䣬ΧȻ
ѵ˰Ļбֲ
ⰲײ亱ֲںԺ˵һüã
ңңˣĻİĻֵĵط
ôôȻ
ʲô¸ֱϲˮܿʼңڿݾȻѾδùΧïֲ꣬û׼У
Ͻң
Ķˣ
౦С۾ֱֱǰСݣɢ¸֪ûҴҪȥժ£˶졣
ҪҵĶ
ԯ䣿ôӦڿջ˯
ԯЦ㵱Ҳ֪űŪ͵͵ˣ
ݿ˿ûʲôر֮
¸䲻ᣬ֪ԯףϹ
ⶫôҪѲɻʲôĵر
ұ¸ƹˤӵ۲ʶ곤һֲ亱С
ԯЦ
Ŷôãųһ꣬
ʲôֲֲģûʲôȤ÷¸ִ˲ƣ
ôҪ
ϻ˵ɣʲôⶫá
ȴҪҽı֮
֪ԯ˿
¸ҧгݣԣԡܰҡ
ԯƵӦһ
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ֻҪġ
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ˣ֣¸˵
ԯ֣ѱӳġ
һ¼֮լֳʵ֤֮ǰ׾ˣǿĿ࿴չ鼺ã绢ô򵥡
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ֻҪ㲻뱾ΪУԳŵΪ㡣
¸ǵˣԻͷ۵ġ
үģվǸŮӣ⵳ɷ游಻үΪѡ
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Ϊǡ
һп޵ĸףԯΪ¸²ΪνϵĸףǺĵز
ܴ֮ӷ¸ϿԼӰӣԣںûҪںǡ
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¸衣
ţ
ԯԶǶǵ
죬㸸ΪУɻ޽ٵİﱾⶾ
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ν¸İúܣЦһҵŵĹԱͲЩɡ
ԯζƲһۣж಻Լ׵
㸸׼ؾְѾ·ˡ
¸üôʲôϵΪҪע
˵ν׵Ķġ
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¸ԯ˵ҪȢԼ飬滹̨ס
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ʱ򾪵ӣŮ˿Ǽǳģ
ԯЦɡ
ˣûؾˣ
ʱ˼ӵĻȥʣһ·
¤ڣԯ¸ͬʱ٣ս
ԯͷǰͷ¸һѾ˲Ѱļ
ôãҪˣ
-

16 ľͰ¸Ȣ˰ɣ

軹ͦǿͣԯ䣬ɣ
ȻʮɫˣΪ׵ķϻ˵ֱӴ˳˹
һɫװжѸ٣Ĭͬʱٵ״Χס
ԯüЩѾ˺ܾˣ
ʣµĹңûɡ
¸Ҳһɣԡ
ԷΪһֱһӣͬʱˣ̼䵶⽣Ӱ
ԯһţһ԰࣬¸費ϰ϶ս಼ö뽫˴¡
˷һشӵվս䵶¸ùذףϴơ
Ȼ¸˭һ㽫һĨ
¸ȴЩ˶ʿηĳȻ˲¸ˣҲһ̶ȵ鷳
Ȼʿ֮£յ蹦ͽһ롣
ʣ˽ˣȴûг˵ͷ˴ͳһ̵ѡ
ԯ䣬㣬ûҪŻȥǴҲװû׼
Ϊ֮˺һȴʲôǼΪ˺ѰļХ
һ˲䣬ԯɫ䣬̼ɫ԰ף亹ֱ¡
ܴ߶ߵ
¸ĵãͬѰ
ԯŤһѪۿǧһ¸ԥҪҪԯǰ¶ƣɱԷԯȻƲɵ֮Ƴɱˡ
ǿ
¸Ŀԯʵʹ죬񲻹һ㣬ԯ˲䱬Ҳǲ
ԯ̫ǿˣȷж̫ڵԼȫǶ֡
˶涯Ҳδֺá
ߡ
ƴһϽ뿪һѪز
¸ǰסɫԻãʱˡ
ԯ䣬ŵ㡣
Żʵ˹һޣһ·
ûãɽҰģոջ죬ͻȻܲ󣬿Ҫ´߲꣬ˣֻþҵطꡣ
ɽﶴѨ洦ɼ¸轫ԯźã˰֦סڣһЩľ׼
ô֮ǰҴЩڵҰݣö౦жһشֵɣΪɫӶЩҰıѿ̽
һ׹󣬴̶¡
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ذϵȺƣ࣬ľͷֱ
ѣۺõľͷãˮҰ
¸Ѿ˲óʲôҰζˣֻܾŪú󣬻Ҫԯ䡣
ȻһͷԯԼĶصôûм֪
Щô֪ߵ֮а취߶ߵ
ԲɺϻȻԯһı
ڵϵԯ䣬¸Ȼһ˿ۡ
ͷճֵʱ򣬾ֱӱ¸Ժ˼ûףƾɶҪ
Ȼ˶ǱΣԱ߶Լֱ֮ӣôԼùʱ߾ûһôõأ
ƾʲôѽ
~
¸һƳæһкʼΪԯѹƶԡ
֮ǰģǸⶾ裬ʱѹƶ̯Я·ʩ롣
ֱɫ¸һպãԯëһȻۡ
Ƿ¸裬ɱ
š
ϻ
¸ƲƲ죬ôǿԼߣѡ
붼ԯ䡣
ţһжΪֲҩģû
ԯ򴽣㱾ǷһΡ
¸֮ԱǣҪǷĺֹһΣȥԯϡ
Ȼˣȵô
ԯšüɽģҰôܰóֱҪ̫̹
¶Ұ⣬ǿиˮǿҰζʲôģªޱȣζûС
ǽĵС㣿ǸɽҰ
ʲôϡģǽС㣬縮游˭ҷ游һߣҾͳҰӣЩʲôã಻ѹ
ͬʱЩԳƫֵȻĿ˵ԯûɵؿһ
ǰƺҲˡ
ܴ
ںҰˮģûʲôζȴůġ
ºбʯ΢΢ۣԸ⣬պԳΪĿɽ
ҡ
ָ£ʱ޿̲ơ
ϧˣʹӵʱټʱͦȥοѾǿ㹻סԼ
¸ûʶ˲翿Լ
ôģͰ¸Ȣ˰ɣ
-

17 ҩ

¸״ԯգգ۾
ԯɫʱһ
УȢһأ¸費ԯشмƲƲ졣
У
ĸŮ˲Ư¸æһԼؾͷҲԽˡ
~
˼ԯ̲ס࿴˼۷¸裬ΪòģδؾͲһǳõ䡣
ԯʲòȡ˵ˣ
ԯĿ񣬾þδ
껩죬ɽڻůƢԯһּΪĵĸо
һֱȥҲ
֪䣬ԯԺĺܿ˯
һҹݣΪⳡ꣬¤Ǳûɱ׷߲ԼԼ͸Щ⣬ɽһ̫
ߴߴԯ۱Ƽ¸봹Ƥ֦˹ŪȼĻѡ
춯ͷ
ˣȥŪԵģ·
ԯ䣺
ܾ⻰ﲻ̫Ծʲôг·
ȥɡ˯һҹƺӯࡣ
¸Ҳ죬ҹԯԱߣҲմȾһЩȻ档
ԯҲиоǸ¸йأ˵Ҳʡ
ԼĪһӣԯֻѾɾҰúͼҰŢЬӣӣүɽԻ¸ȻЦˡ
ԯԼһĲᣬȻô˿ЦŮˣñȴǰÿˡ
ҺöﻹЩɲ񣬷¸ӹҰü
ݲݹ󣬶˲Ţɽ˽ʮ·ŵһΪǱŵʿϡ
ߣƳǽֹ룬ûƼʾôǭߣɢѣسǴ׼ǣߴȾߣ
ԯü壬Ƴǵȷǭһǡ
û뵽سǾȻֹڣѹһ·߹ڳӪ

¸סԯ䣬ͳƬҶӣҶӿɲӣͨ˼ǻЯֵǮС
Ҳɵӣ·С
ƳسݲǺİۣ뱾й֮ԵεĹ٣û뵽꣬Ȼһسǣʵˡ
¸ĿбӣԯಢŶУүǸݲֹǣĲԣ
ԯɫ΢䡣
ǭв֪ΣֹǱȻһζѹδؾǽ֮µǼԹ֮ǰɲ̸ӣֻлɳˡ
¸ü׼Щʲô
ɲʲô֮ˣƳǲǱϽ֮ء
֮۵üҲδػܡ
̯ʰʰסȻҲ˶ţˣΪ£ԯϲʲôἺΪ˵˾ӡ
οиҪ飬鲻á
ƳϢһգڶһƥֱǡ

ΪǷǣװǺֵ
¸Ļ˷縮ŵ֪뿪ôЩʱգȻû˲
ĵŸһСı˷֡
ⲻûôҲѾˡ
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±֣ҪСһ˳⣬һʲôΣտô졣
࣬μһοҪ£㰡Соˡ
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ͷԣʲôҪκˣ
¸̹׽ͣױ¶ģҲǲǰһ·ҽ֪һγԶţΪҽҩ
Ȼʲô·ҽǱģΪ˰͡
༸ɾˡ
»ðɣЩˡЩˣֱȻô񶾵ķӺС㣬̫ү
¸ֹʱҪ游ʱ򡣡
죬¸չƽҩȵļͣҪǷ¸ԸܴŵȲȥˡ
ϵʱ򣬺ȻյķţȻ򿪣ͷķ¸˳
С㣬ôɳˣ
СȻֵ
Ƿ¸裬һӶҲ̲ס˷
С㣬үҲؾְˣҪȥ𣿡
¸Ƴһ࣬ʲôүүġ
ȥ
˭ûã
Բں춥Լܵ˭Ҳù
οԼǱ¶ģ
гһƿһɫԲĵС
һжˣ
¸ٴλص˷䣬֮Գȥ޷ɵӵĹȡ
һӣҩסС
ҩһڣ̾һȻյĸо
֫ٺȫѪҺ
ô󣿡
-

18 Ϲ鸮

¸Լһ
ڵ궯ԽԽǿңȻ䣬һ࣬һںɫѪҺϡ
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ϽĲᣬʱˣҪ淽ϱ⣬ɼǰûѸϡ
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Ŵʸһˣϱ¸裿ǰΪ˶¸費ִ˶ϱѾͷ֣˻֤𣿡
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19 ƼҴȨ

¸ԶϱûзҺ˵ÿȴż˵沵ҵ棬ƼҵϵȻ޴棬ϱడ
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¸һ䣬ʱ򣬾Ȼҵһң浱¸ǳصأ
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Ͻɻ֮ʱһߵ̲סСûУСǰסĵطѾõƫԺ©磬ԶҪūſ˿ۣС㶼˺öˡ
Ͻεôùʱһŭӿµ۾ŭһӷ֣顣
һָָȵ
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Ĩ˰ģ磬Ůһ빬ҶҪ¸澡ʧ
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20 

¶ϲ̫ˣ۶ֻҪιԳͷǰ϶ܲˣʱҲˮǴߣʱܹصס
۶ι磬үӿ϶ŷ¸ȥһҪպλᣬ˨ǲзĻᣬҲ游һֻҵ۶ܸҴҫ¸ʲôǣֻЬ
Ŀصͷ
ĸŮƶʱԾ׼׵ֻ빬֮ʱʣεͷ
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¸ŷϽ빬ȴһԯ۵
ʹ԰
¸ͷϽʱѾвٳԱڣѾ
ϽһӭһƬϣϽǾԵǣ˴ιǿ֮硣
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ôܣϽΨһϲŮǷ¸裬ǵһŮ˵ǸӣȣһֵӣѵηϽһŮۣ
ۣⲻλô
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21 ҿɴһ÷

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22 ޣɲǷȺ

һʱҲɺ˻׼˷¸衣
αԷƱĳ⴫ҥԣ֪㾭òţʤųҥԣǾǰɴһҥԲƣѾ˳ͣɲΪҥԻ˽°
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ĸŮȻѾˣǧټҪ
ȻԣȻ٣͸Ҫˣ
ҲæڵֱӰѷ¸·
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23 

Ͻ߳¡м㣬ֻǳȣĻ£Լ
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С㡭
ʰһ£ȥ游밲
ǡ

۵ת䣬Ȼ÷ү⣬ȴҲǸˣ۰£ľͺܺá
е£ʲôˣ˵֮ǰǿȷ¸¶ɴ뿴游
үӴüĿǲָ֪ˣԲŹԼø˷ͷĺܺãԺҲҪˣǽãӦ໥֡
ᣬᣡʱͲ֪ϸף֪Ҳ÷¸ôķͷװ׸˼ѡ
գϻҪװһԣı飬˵ûı飬Ťˡ
游۶ǵˣģ۶һǽ̻壬游ʧˡ
үϻοǾͺãȥɡ
۹֮ǰֵ游Ժ壬ֳҲظŮ磬ѵȫ˶ˣ游Σ׶ְҲͬλֵܽúžžۣС۶Ҳ׽׽֡
үϸ룬ϾǸĵŮ֮䲻ˣ־˼ȫԸ⡣
ͿŰŰɡ
Ц游
۵ĵһƻǳɹ˳ȡ游ϿɣֻҪŬЩ˵ȡ¸衣
㲻ܣֻҪ游ȫһߵƫ¸裬лᡭ
ĸײҲø¸ôֻҪЩ򣬽游Է¸ʧֱ󡭡
÷¸룬Ŀģ
˷ޣŵ߳Ժ͵ͷԸ񣺡ȥֳͷš
-

24 û

ҵճӷյţһԼظ
ۣԣĸױ游ؽģ
ڼֳжαװ˽ӿм٣Ϊ¸裬磬Ǹô죿ôܰĸ׾ȳ
ŷ۵ĺʾοӳ顣
֪游ƢȻͲ׸ģ²ܼ游Ȼ뷨Ӵ诡
ģΪڣ˭Ҳ費㡣
£δμӹ磬Է֪¸ı仯
֪游СԷ¸мӣﻹҪܳ裬ܵ÷¸迪飬游һ档
ɣֳô뷨¸ǹĸ׵ףôȥĸʹĽ֣ɶǰ͡
οˣ¸ҲδؿɿڣǿǵжԵġ¸費ᣬҲܿĸ˵ûôס
ګګǹף㲻һĸͬ¸Ҳá
۶һȰĪΪ¸裬㡣
иĶã겻زۣҽʣαػҪһ
ЦˣŪĿǵҵĺø磬رûҪ棬㵱Ϊ׾ֻˣ
üۣоøǰһˡ
ٲãҲǵףôܡ
۰ִϷֹ磬ζ꣬ĸؾ㲻ΪôԽԺãδȢ檰ɣ
ָͷжٸֵܽأֻǵĵ¶ˡ
̾
վοûֵ
ô꣬״δἰ檣δϹ׵ģң˷׻ؾҲδһˣ֤һС
ֶûУ㣬ùѣα⡣
¸費ͬǵճĵճǻҪ˳ֻǼңҪһͷ
ѹЩЩ磬̸Щȳĸס
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æǾˣѷ¸赱ã˼δֳأưɡ
˵תߣ˵Щʲô޼¡
̾˿վա
ʱͬãȥڣʵȴǡ
ľڷүӶλӣ¸үӵҲ࣬λҲ࣬ڷλá
үĬ¸䵭˪Ҳò廰䳡ˣһΡ
ϾǷۣٲԸҲҪա
游ףһûôž۹ˣ㣬ǰ֪£еĵط֣Ɑ۶㣬һظ׻ؾְֳ󿼣Ԥףֳ󸹬۹𡣡
үе⣬ͷţ˵úãȻѧ;ûҪסҷҶŮıƷжѧС֮
ǣ游̻壬ġ
үƳ۷棬Ӻߵ棬ԺúöԸŮɺ˱ˣøίĲ㡣
һֱ£ϽϾ佫вʹ򣬷Сûٰᣬʱջġ
ܾΪŰܵĶˣСͶ书ܣо֮Ĵ𣬲ŷУ˿ƾ֮·
Ͻ΢ɤŴ涼
ǵӼסˡ
ûϢүӿ࿴һۣҪʹˣһȺӵĵһЬӷɹȥɡ
Բˡ
һٷ̫үִ˲ƣظ¸貼ˣԼûԼڣȫ˰裬˵õļء
ñţôװǻƹˣǵƹɡ
󣬷ۻȥ˺ôһͨžˤüյ໨ɲ豭
۶Ļٸ¸ȥ
۲Ȼŭ磡㵽Ҹ绹磡Ҳðô㶼ʵ˵˰ɣҸ¸裬ֻѡһûû㿴Űɡ
˵긺ӣƽˣҪ˵ˣ߰ɡ
Σҡͷתȥ
йһڴ߳һĨᡣ
ﻹȥȣҪҫ鹣ΪҵĽͷ
ݣָ߰ģ

ҹ¸׼붨ڤ룬౦ðߴߴû꣺ˣǸ۾ûģָҪʲô۶ء
¸費ΪȻ۷ʲôϷžˣҪʲôá
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25 ̫үΣ

ްͺá
ϣܸôһЩźãɱ̫ʧȻǺġ
ϱɱ˺񣬾ûʲôǲ֣ⱲлլʲôģҲͦ˼
ע⾯䣬ҪˣƵĵҩҪҪζ
౦ҰСһŵ㿺ܵҪҪ
ֱ֮ã
Ƕһҩ裬񵹳ǿɶǸҩģ˾Ǻãûˡ
ٷŲʺƨȥһ̫̰ܵԡ
֪֪
˵ţ౦ֻצһǶҩеøԴ졣
ˣﻹкЩݣȻ㶼ҩɣ
¸Ц㣬ǵŰɣ˵պҪ
ٶԣ¸ȴϢʼ
ϧʹҲϡ뾡ΪҲȻҲڣ൱ڹǷ켫ĳ̶ȡ
ΨеڣʽżԿŴ
һҹ󣬷¸³һܵӯ࣬ӽڵżֻһűͻơ
ⲢǺ
ÿ¸趼ܸܵȻȴûôԣʮֻ˵ƿ¸谵㣬չϼأҪһöϴ赤ϴ跥緽ɡ
ϴ赤
챾һһ˺ȥĵʮ꾡оϴ赤Ʒֲ
ҪһԶˡ
࣬ʰ׼Զţȥ游
Ӧ̧ųš
һĨӰк۵Ľԯ䣬¸뷿
ҪԶţ
¸ţЩҪ졣ƺ£ҡ£
ԯ£ߡ
ߣ԰ô߾ͻĵ뷿
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ԯҡͷҲǣ˳һۡһʲôû˵¸Ҳʡ
ʣԯ仹ôӲ磿䳡˲䣬Ӱһʧڷ֮ڡ
ⴿв¸踹̡
һ裬ŻŴܻ
С㲻ˣ̫ү֪ιѪεˣ
ʲô¸ʧɫ
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֪ūҲô¶үѾ̫ҽΣɡ
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¸ƿţ߽ȥ˭ûסԴӴԽһôй
춯̫ҽջ߳䣺С㣬ϽǾɼǡ
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¸һŭ֮²㽫˴һ٣ˣӹҽ游ջö˶˵ģλͻɼ
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ˣܣɣǡ
漱ס̫ҽͷⲻǣ̫ҽ⺢Ӳ£ǧȥͷһ̡ܽ
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ʶҪֹ̫ҽӲסţ˼ۣô᣿
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Ҫǿ壬ѻĶյָܻ
ǵ¸˲뵽
ǵζҩ縮ûУҪȥѰһߣĳЩлɳˡ
游һϲʳ¸ɲã游ԼԼŪġ
ΨС
¸۵һĨɫ
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ʵû뵽ŮҲоʱ򣬾Ȼͷӡ
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ŷһ¸趼û˵ղѣҪʱ򣬷¸յͷͬ⣬óһСƿӣãھͳտ游ƿҩǵãÿһţʱãǣҪԱܣǧҪˣҺܿ
-

26 ް׻

˵սһ֧ƴĴƿݸŻȻƺ˽ԼŮ
ܹиްɣүүµȲ̫á
¸գع顣
游ĵҩŸղ⡣
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¸ͣЩЦ⣬౦ͷ񱼣ãȡǰҵط
ˣӦƫһ㣡
ԶˣҸоӦþһ֮ڡ
˿ˣѾ֪ˡ
һ·ϣ౦һֱںͷ蹵ͨһֱŷλ
ȻǶ౦̽Ѱ֣֮ΪԶҶ౦˵ʲôڸζҲֻᵽŵķλ˶εȷĿĵء
ĺǰ¸ڸϵ
˵壬ܱһƬ֣ҹĻ£紵Ҷ䣬Ϊɪֻʱķ¸ûЩ
౦ϸ׼ȷλá¸軷֣Զ౦
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ϧ㲻㣬¸Ϣʱ౦ըëһ㣬ɪɪˣΣգ
Σգ
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Թֲĵط඼ػޣԼĪΪУԲŲ˴ֲ⡣
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໣һŭ
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ʲôһ˴ʧɫǴ׻ȻֱӶ˹˲ð
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һ棬׻һƸ£İƣֱӳ˵ĴֱӾĲˡ
׻ˣеͺһ˺ҧѪɽٵһ
ͬʱ䣬߸βıֱ˺ҧʱɨֱɨΪᵶˡ
Ϊ֮˱׻˲ˣѾʶ˲ϻǿĹ֡
ȻܵʱѾû˻ᣬһβͺɨײǴӦѡ
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գ۾ĹȺһˡ
¼˲ȣϴ˰
ܣϽܣ
ĸٶҿһۣתӴܡ
һģһģˣѹԱߵ˵£ô˻ᣬǿ߰ɡ
Ϊµ¸Ƴһۣ֣ǸŲ۹ӡ
뵽ŴܵһĻκ޼ɿɼǸˣʹ˽ԵҲá
λӣһ߰ɣЩ˲Ź㡣
Ϊ㣬¸װ磬ϻߡ
أ»ҪͬС
¸֪δı֮˺Ȼʾãͼ£˵˼Ӧߡ
κ޼Ҳգ֣ƺǶ԰׻ȤԴ׻֣һضſ
Ѳޣ
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Ϊңκ޼˵һˣɷݵأܣޱ֮һ
̫ʵλǾʶһλˣڰǰǳսбס
Īǡ
£
κ޼ɰ֣ٵȵȡ
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27 ĵҩӴ˾ҵĻ

ֵͬðһԡ
¸ûʱעǼˣעڰ׻ϣֻ׻׺һٴγȺ˲ɱһˡ
׻ŤͷĿ˷衣
ֻ߶ͺȴһֱûж
Ҳˣƺǣ
𣡡
࣡͸Ͻ౦֨֨֨¸跭
¸ۣǧ߲ݵػޣ
κ޼ɺȻˣ鲻λ˵ޣϻҪֱǵĻǡ
κ޼ɺȻ
Īɵˣڸϻ˵
κ޼ɵطǳˣһ룬Ȼϣ˶ʿɣȻܺʹ׻Ի˵׻˴޵Ŀꣿ
ˣ˵㲻Ҫǧ߲ݵ⣬һҧ㡣
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׻ֱԾײľֱӱɨһƬһƬֱΪƽأȻ¸Ȼɵڻϻ£һץסβͣÿײıܿ
⿴׻ڴŷ¸䡣
¸һ˿Ц⡣
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¸ͷѹ׻˲ʵˣԹ÷¸ڱϣҲˡ
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հ׻ԣʵʵǧ߲¸¸裬¸İ׻˶Դһ⣬ոҲ
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ѲҲΪǧ߲ݶǣôǸˣġ
ǰµǰᡣ
κ޼ῴ˼æ̬ȣ¸üȲᱦѲɻǴڨڿǡˡ
˵ˣκ޼ɿɲڨģִڨʶ¸λˡ
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28 κ޼

òôף˰ɣûôϡδǣѾڣжʮͷ
κ޼ɸЦǸðֻ뽻ѣκ޼ɣˣ̨Ǵˣ
¸Һæûոлҳ£ʹ˸ˡ
˵꣬Ӱ׳˵׺һʾв׷Ϸ¸衣
ԣһİˣôᡭ
ʶôˣ
κ޼ҡͷǿŵĸκ޼Ҳûţ˵˵
һȻէ֣˵Ŀǰǰֹߣ
κ޼ɵͷһֵԵǻɣ֮ˣ
һٶȣ޹ͨǡ
ɡǲֻǸ˵ѣϵд֮ˣ
κ޼ҡͷǼҲߵĴڣҾϣȷмء
֮治У˭˵˵Ͳһġ
ߣأҡ
źδ̫ͬһ֮ύκ޼΢΢̾Ϣˣĸ˵һн
˷֮вŸոտʼ
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֮󣬿ԽԼʲôģȼ̫ͣԼʱѹƲס⵽ɣɾ͵òʧˡ
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Ӵһ·׷ģֻʣ磬ô׷ᣬҪ;ĩ·ˡ
κ޼ɴƸۣˮһսʱȻ˷¸裬һϲɫ
㣡
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ɱĿѣ˻ŵ˵Ϣ޲öһȣѾӸϽܡ
¸Цôţ·˼׾Ҫ꼰رڣ֪Ƕ־ܣ浱ûƢ
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һ֣͸ɱ⣬ˡ
ŭһܵȺ˹ȥ
Ϊ֮ɱԣǿʳ˴ַ򣬸ڵ˴һ˵
һƬУѸٽɱ֡
ºκ޼ɳȭ񣺡лλӳȣκ޼ɣպҪ¶ܣԱ֮
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29 ڸʲô

òš
Ӵ֡
ɲô˵
κ޼Ϊ̫ӣûûƤĲ˹򣬾ǻġ
¸費ʤţһۣٷϻŤĲӡ
κ޼ȻֹԼ°ͺϣŸ˵һ仰
㿴ɫ̨ڴ˴Ϣ֪Сֵܽ鲻⡭
⡣
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¸ôһʳ˼̻ĸκ޼ɸȷĵ뷨ˡ
Խ硣
Сֵܣһ¶޻Ľʲô°ɣ˵˵һܰæ

¸Ʋһۣ˻죬ûʲôŵ
һڼΣڱ׷ɱ׷ɱ·ϣѱ
á
ѵÿһοڣκ޼ɵȺظ֤˵Ķģû׼ܰء
Ǵ̫ӣֻҪ˴ҪʲôҲ
ҵ˼ǣ˵ɡ
κ޼ɣоϥһ
Ҳô˵ǡ⣬ģҸ㱣ֻ֤Ҫܰȫص϶ܰҵҵĶ
¸ü֪Ҷ
κ޼ۣҿôⶼ²񲻰׻ʮꡣ
ֵģЦ˷¸裬κ޼ɾޣЦܺÿ
֪
ǵȻΪ̫ӣ˵ı¿Ǻġ
ˣ֪ʲôأ֮ǰѾţҽκ޼ɣˡ
̫ӡ
¸һ¶϶ݣκ޼һЦˣ
ϻκŴʵͬĽˣ˷̫ٵء
ˣʹȻأһ֮Ψ̫дʸʵ̸ˡ
ãδ뾩ƺҲ̫ƽ
κ޼һ֮ǰĴı䣬Ӵ˲ʿƾ־Ͳ³ݣɼ˽⡣
ĪҲʼˣĲ²󣿡ߣǻǣκ޼ɶ÷¸ͬһ㣬ͨ˾ˡ
˵˵ȥ㻹ûأ
¸Ц´ټұ㡣
Ƕ϶ǻټˣκ޼˼תЦһãһΪʱɱ˵㻰
˵
¸Ȼ
κ޼һݣɱְɣһΣûˡ
˰죬ҲûӰ֣κ޼ɳ˳¸ӣʲô
¸û౦ȥ
౦·¸ͷһ̴ܳȥƬ̺صǡǴɱ
ʲôɱ¸šü౦ԽԽСˣʲôɱ
ѽ౦֨֨ԯ䰡ôɱԶܸо
¸裺
ղսսģΪԯڸ¸ֱ֪˵ʲôãΪôˡ
ôûϢޣԼޣ
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౦Դ಼ط¸
ܲôΪ֪ԯжҪ׸һλζزٵҩѪ
ÿԯߣұ̵ֳӣΪֻǸͨĳ
±ȥѪС첲СȶСģĶܵס
ôˣ
κ޼ɻʵ¸ҡͷûʲô˶ѡ
ˣ
롰ˣκ޼ɺ棬Ǹʲô
һô
¸Ʋһۣδ̫ˣһ̫ӣͲõۣ
ԯ䣬Ǹպáʡòκ޼ɴ
κ޼һӣȻĻǣһôκ޼в޿ϧ
ް֮ãǽˣ֮Ҳгͻѡ
ӡ
ģԯձضӱҪˡȥҪͬ˵ҲҪ޺á
ǽԯ䡣
Щֵģʱ죬ȻҪһӽӶĴɱȥһˡ
κ޼зһ
׷ƣڱһһ̿ͣжٻˮģжЩֱֵܵʣһһ
ӡǡҪã
¸бйϵ
κ޼һҭ¸ֵҪ뷽跨ҵĻ֪ģԺȻ֪֪㶮ģţ
Ķˣû㻰˼һʣ㲻˵ˡ
¸šջӡ˳ֵ°ϣԾӸµ̬κ޼ɣκ޼ɱߺܶ࣬ŵԵʣ¸ʵһѡ
Ŷô㵹˵˵ξңʲôĿģ
κ޼ʿˮ̧°ͣϻЩֺ֮ɫȻС飬ǡɱ׷Ѱԯһˣײš
ڸʲô
-

30 ְ~

ֻһۣԯϳ¸裬ȻŲ˲٣˲ִһֻק¸ĸ첲
¸أʲô²ǶƼˣôϷеϷûôСֵʲô
ԯɫκ޼ɻЩƣ˱гɣ
˵ʲôϷСκ޼ǸĲٴֱУԶϱ֮мӣ֪ΪΣԭ仰ӦĵģƫƫûУЩȡ
Ѳɡ
κ޼ɺ޲óԼһƣ˼ʲô̫ӣҪ̳дɽģôܶˡ
硭
ҹˣ£
¸ؿԯһۣԯεȴƳκ޼ɱ֪˲ת硣
κ޼ζŶһ
ԭշ簡
ѽѽ뵽ġ
ͷ¸һѩƹеı˿ϣѩƻӵܶõϣ
ĸÿҲֻüƥѡ
¸ͷţѥӶõı˿ηݻͨ˵öòַǻңշ硭
ľҲֻһܵô٣󽫾
ϽǰòŴ򣬵ʤ飬ػʵ۱ȻʹͲٺö
ֻһλճĹӣ
κ޼ɻȻǳԷң书ҲпԭŻ
Ȼ֪ͼװ֪ˣ˳ССᣬǺ󻰡
κ޼ɨ۶ˣͻȻù졣
һߴǽһ۽΢УЦЦ
ʲô
֣г𣿡
κ޼ɵʵ
¸ҡͷûУһбͻ뿪ȥǣŽҲǸѡ񡣡
˵ֶԯܵκ޼ɣ̫ӣǡģĻһؾɡ
ԣҹĽҰ⣬Ϊʲô
ԯޱѪѰ
ԭΪѪ¸Цˡ
ǲ˼ˣѪѾҵĶӣѪͦʵģҪʲô
ԯȻ¸裬ղſκ޼ɵƣӸѹ˵Լ⣿
Ƿ¸趨ٺãҲ㱻ˮǺһ߸丹ֶĽ£˵ʲôëȶˣͷԲ
ЦɲôЦ
ԯüȻЦǱˡһء
ƾʲôɱģѪַŵģԯûëǮϵװǣֶܣ
ԯЦˣô
ߺڷ縮İ̽ػؿץ˺üͶģɱģͦࡣ
ǰؾھǣʱע縮Ķ
¸ָһ
Ȼˣ
ؾû뵽һ׮游𢣬̫ߣö˶˵Ҳˣһ΢¶һЩ˾ͻǶŵѷĲӬһӵϡ
ԯ䣬Ȼ
ɲָǵܳŵǿǿһЩҲǸ޸֮׻˵һģµһΣڷۡ
ǰͲ游ţ÷ɻڴ
縮ϣסүӣǸ˼ĻģûУֻܿԯˣ
¸ﲻζǸԶĴˡ
㣬һ׮һǷ
ԯס¸ӹİƿ֮䣬ôףҪæ
¸ҡͷæòϣֻǰκ޼ɴؾǡ
һУһҹκ̫ӽΣصġ
ǣ
ΪԯȻǶӵĻ£޶
أ¸Ʋһۣܾġ
ԯЦˣȻһ𡣡
¸跭ۣ⻰ʲô˼ǳĺأ벻ˣ
ͷԼһ˿ԡ
ôһʱضпܶƨ˸ߣǸġ
ԯȴһ⣬ͲЭˡ
Ѿˣ˵档
˵ʹɫᣬʧسκ޼ɱȭκ̫ӣ롣
κ޼ɣ
ְ
ȷ治ǵˣߣ治Σô
¸öܹ˪ˣ̤ǡء

κ޼ɴզզˣ˵ʲôǵ÷ֲˣûаɡ
ԯҲû̫ףŮ˻ģȷ鶼죬ϲֻҪǶ
硭
Ҫٽҷ֡
¸üͻͻֱҲ̫Ҫˡ
κ޼ʿˮ̧°ͣϻЩֺ֮ɫȻС飬ǡɱ׷Ѱԯһˣײš
ڸʲô
-

31 м

κ޼ǰһϣֵܡ
¸ԯҹκ޼ɻؾһҪȥ𴦣ʵۣɴĳ汣κ޼ɣԸȫЩ
ΣҲ̫ľ

κ޼ɣֻʣ·¸ԯˣµգէէ֡
¼õҪĶΪλҪ¡
ûпαװɤһ͸¶ŮĽ塣
¸Լһôյģ
¹£Ӱϡԯս¸ϣȵԸ⡣
¸֪
ԡүǴɫ£ң
ԯƤһ飬üȩָ̈°͵ô㣬㵱Σӻǲӣţ
үһ仰
ԯƲģǹЦЦʲô
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¸跴Ϊһָؿڵλãŵʳ԰ײԡ
ԯЦ
ϵõ΢Ըһ¡
أԯɿ֣¸ջָϵ룬һۣŽ飬ŮɫĪǴ󡣡
ԯ䲻ŭЦδ棬ᡣ
һ֣ñ⣬¸ûĬ
йִţɾԲԯ٣ҶǸġʲô.ɫգݰգֱִ
һź졣
ڲŲִ⽻ٶš
ò÷֪ĪԹ
һһ֣֪ǹ̼أڷ̸ոյκ޼ɡ
¸۵İԯ䣬ԲԾʲôħ
Ϣ˿δ䣬ҪΪ˭ð߱˶ˡ
лֱ˵
ԯԴɫؿʾôԣԷ¸ĴϻۣӦòǾװ֪ԯĵϴ󲻸ˣʾ¸Ȥ
һŵĽʮֲˡ
ȻˣҲĨǣ¸裬ˣΡ
¸ɹЦǹŴĴ˼롣
ӸλǸŮ˶ĸ֣¸ǳˬ
үĪˡϿǿͷŵңλѡºΪҾͻѡ㣿
ԯֱֱĲߣ׵Ϊʲô
ԯɫʵ˼㲻᲻ѡ˭ʶּɣͷϽҲᵱھܾαԴ
үȻ֪λ˵ֻҷջãͬʱʱʱ游ǲվκһߵģүӦ
󣬱ΪС㲻ǵСհǰ˺֮ˡ
˵ˣ޷ǿطϽԯǸλӲȤκЩˣΪǸʯ֮죬Ȼˣȱ⡣
ϲƣ˲Ҳˣҡǣֻܵʬ޴档
ο¸裬еˣҲҪ£߬á
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ԯҡҡָмƣ˿ԸԸϹ
ԯһаȣҹڣʱκһйŮ¶ҪͶͱˡ
ƫƫķ¸衣
ǰ¸Сܵѵһܶκ˶飬Ů֮顣
鰮ήһ׼ж
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̳ߣֲϵȱݡ
ԯ䵱飬ԴΪԡ֮䣬Ȼںϵ
Ҫүʧˡ
ֱ˵ľܾԯЩ²̨־Ӧ
¸Ƿ¸裬Ӳˮӣ治Ůˣҵӡ
Ҳһ㣬ԯ͡
òżžܾеʱ㿼Ǻãٴ𸴱
ûȷ¸˵ԯȻһתҪȥ
¸Ʋһ۵ɽ
һζоݣоϲɽͱڣɽľߵɽˣɽ꺮ѩϡ
˵꣬ԯ䳶¸󣬽磬һԾӹңΨлХķ
ͨ˵Ṧأе̤ˮ޺ۣԯ䵽˺̶ֳȡ
ͱۣҡ
¸蹴ƿԯ䣬ɤǾһȣ˭ȵ־ͷ
ԯЦøá
һǰһ硰ɡԶ
ƽʱ¸δػǰ¶ƣֻ׾Ҳ֪ΪνͻȻ´𣬶ԯЩ
ԯ䲻ͬ¸ûҲ᲻ṦǵУʹ΢ҲͨṦɼ
ԯǸ࣬˾Ȼ£ͬʱ
-

32 ߶

һ·ۣҹ·ʱڸϵɽɽѩǣһƬãݲ
ͷҰɣȥǱߣȥǱߡ
¸貢δ뱩¶౦Ĵڣһ߼Ѱңʶ౦ͨ౦ҵûУ
Ƭ̺౦Ӧˣǰʮ
¸輱߹ȥһ͹ʯгһɫҶСݣƴС
ӭѩȻȻ
оݣ
ûˣ
оݣԯһ˻¸裬Сģ
¸̧ͷֻһѪҪ屶ֹ˫ͷߣֱоӡ
ߡ
ԯ䵲ڷ¸꣬ӭս׼
ԯ䣬˺󡣡
౦ʶ˫ͷ߾ȻѾڡ
¸û뵽
ԯüһ壺ٷϻսս
Ϊ޵ѹ£˵⻰Σоڱصá
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Ĭͬʱ˫ͷȥŭˡ
ռɽ꣬˻޸ƣȻͼԼغ˽ĺݡ
ֻһ죬ݳ죬ͿɵΪȻ򺮱ݵ⣬βŭ
۾ͷߴ硣¸ѵ
ԯӦá
һ̫Ѳԯ䴭㿪ɨβ
˫ͷ˻һͬʱſѪڣ¸ԯҧ˺׿⡣
סκԯһţ˦˸ٴγȥ齣֣翪˹ң
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¸費˿Ϸ̬˵һԹս
ԯսȻЩ湥ͷ
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ǱβķɨУһӣѪȾۡ
ԯˣ¸ǰȫһ
û°ɣ
Ϸ˼˫ͷϾޣڵޣԯǶ֡
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¸飬ŻսپĺãϾΪԯˡ
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ȥԯ䣬ݸһŵҩԯֻһ۱ԥһ¡
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õҪĶ׼ɽȻеĶ౦ܵϣգ۲Ӱ
౦
ôˣ¸辪ɣ뻽
ȻּӲݴһֻСԴˣкö
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౦һΣܵô죬¸赽Խˣͷʲôر
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ˣҲʲô̫صĶ౦Ҳòϡ
ɨһۣ˵ѪϲռĶӹȻˡ
౦ʯͲ˵ˣм˷¸⡣
ıӣǺʺãһƷ齣šпģ͸ԯɣϾɱ˫ͷҲܲʲôֲ
⡣
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СһҳԶ
˭֪뵽ˣ౦׽Ķ¸軳
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¸赣ǵ᲻Σգʲôܰ㾡
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¸ǰ˩Լϣ˵Ʒͦиԡ
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ԯ乴һЦҲӹ齣лˡ
¸ֵ
ˣʱ䲻ˣǻǾɽɡ
游ڵ

-

33 ŭ

ԯͷ
ɽ󣬴׻ԭأ¸ɱ¸ĴԴڵ֮ӡ
ףܲܡһѪһ;ͺá
룬׵ͷһԵԯޱ飬ޣвο¸ľ̫ˣժǻ̫ܶ⡭
¸ʽ̤ߵУһЩ򵥵Լޡ
౦֮ͬԼ㵱¸ֻǸҲûע
Լ׺ȡ˵Ѫ׻ûèС¸豧ڻ
һ·У¸Ƽһ·֮ϲ޵顣
ص縮縮¹籣¸һеԵ߽ȥ
һ˿ҡ
ֱۼһТ£ТԱǷͷá
ĵ̵ִ۾ۡ
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ס游Իסһ
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硭㣬ǷǿǸף
ۣһʱվ¸һԡ
¸˴̼Щ־壬ȴȥϢŭ
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ק䣬˵棬ڣһ֧ƿ䣬¸Ӹš
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ʱ֮ϣһǰ֮ˣ¸ƿһƿһŶûж¸ŭ
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΢СһģЩιȥ
⡭ǡҪթʬ
үۣȴ֧ҡҪ£¸һסүӵΣԯ
鷳տ游Ҫڳģԯ䣬˭Ų
ԯͷš
ȻҲڷ¸ı죬Ҳ״ʱǾʱ򣬾õүƤӵٳ¡
¸ƿȺ߳⣬Ѱ˸εĵط׼
⡭⵽ôһ£
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ȡ
Դˣүôϧ
ڽ壬糤ݶҲðֵַشš
ϸڹײﴭȴҪɵȣһүӡˡô˿ţҵνǶˣ྾ˡ
⻹Ʋһ۷ۣⶼΪ
֪ǳүӻû¸費֪ڸʲôȸ״
ףɲҪ¸ƭˣʲôǴδѧҽָ游ĲģΪ˳ͷ
-

34 

۲Ĩڷ¸裬ƫķȻԥˣ۶˵е
¸Ŷ󣬸û˵ѧҽλЩҪʲô
游ܶǷ¸Լһֲ߻ŵģ
ǿ游۰ľŮȻµȥ֣
֪ͱϴˣʶöǷ¸ù
ȫע⵽ķ򴽽ǣվû˵ʲô˿̵ȷǺʱ
˿̱ƻķŭȥҷ¸裬¸ͻˣһ֧ƿ
˲׷·¸ߵԯߣοƿڣ˲һҩ磬á
⣬ʲô
Ũҩ㣬ȸոƿҪŨҡ
˰
۷׷ףС㣬Ǹʲô
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⼸ŷϽͽϣŲ棬ƲӣѾ¡
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뵽ǰ֮ԶԷ¸ӡô裬Ϊۡ
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ԯʶƵϡ
糹ۣĿɢ˵ľ⣬÷ͷɪɪ
㣬үӣ۵򶨣ԼʲôûֻǾТѡ
ûˣ̫ˡ
ε߳ȺүӾϹүһϣһ²Ծİ˲׵òӡ
ӣҪǸѾǸˣ

һүӲڴ棬ͷеǹʰǡ
ת¸裬۴Ȱ
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ο˵ûվǸĵĸΪǸɡ
ıǷۣ
Դˣ¸貢ûǾʹ˾˷۵ˡ
֮ûãǶڷ贫ҳ֮ˣҩ
ʵ۶ţ䡣
˵δ棬Ͻȷ¡
Եĵڶգʵ۾ּٷϺͷ¸빬
ΪүүŽڷ˼⣬һ˵ͷʢô˶һҧ۵üŪ
ʵ۶ŷִˣ
¸赭Ȼ
ν˱ˮڣ游սɳ¹ЩԷôүүѾָĲˣбĹʺүүһ
ǱȭģΪֻʺ¸һרŸӶãͨ˶Ѿ
ҲǶͨ˶ԣ游ȭҲʱģ˻Ȼ游ѰҸøʵġ
ģүүһúģүүӹǶɺأ
лҳһ󣬲װ磬һͬʵۡ
߳ԺʱͿһ¹Ժ⣬Ҳ֪˶á
Ϻͷ¸۾ǺӴˣ֪ˣĴشǳĵİҿ׶ӣô˼
۶۶˵¸ֲǴҸĶ˵ø׵Ĳء
-

35 ʵټ

û׷õҩ۶ģġĲ°
үǿһһ߿ڲ뿴㡣
ڷǽ군࿴һۡ
ûڳʰӣƤӵ¿ͷ
ʵʵصԭعãĿүӺͷ¸Զ̧ĵϣôôͿ㺦˸ס
µûôǺξġ
۱ʱֻзǰȥУմͬãʹļס
۶ΪʲôҪôǿ游ôܡ
ʵ˵ڡ
Цʲôˣ˸˵ʲô磬ҿã㲻ҷҪűˣ
û˵ʲôңԼۣۿġ
һ˦ӣŤͷʲôûαҪôңΪ¸ƣˣҪͽᣬҪԼӣȥô

۶ˣʶСʱôɰ÷µϲرáôĿ
һĸͬĵãѾ޻˵ʧ
㣬Ϊ֮ɡ
縮ټȥĿͷ۵Զ󣬷죬ֱ뿪縮

뿪縮ʱѾ游ִʹ
鷿ſڡ
ϽС㣬أɡ
ʵ۵̫ȻȺʱ

ջЦˣңңϽɡ
ʵ۸߸ϣϽϥ¹򣬷¸踣񣺡μϡ
ʵ΢⣬չӣп֮˵ķ¸裬ҲҪа񣬻ʵٸб
Ͻƽˣ簮
С̫̫ʦΣллϡ
ʺϽ壬һתת¸ϡ
䴫ţ簮ţ޶ܺ棬Ǽ١
⡭ϽԥƬ̣ػϣȷйһλصʦ̵һӣȥˣϳҲδڸѧЩСβпɣģЩˡ
·Ѿ׺˵ǣ˵¸йһλʦһҧҽʲô֮
үʵڲбϻ磬ŸԶ磬ҸɽʲôҵҲˡ
үӵ뷨¸赹ν
д£
ʵ۱Ȥ֪λ˵
ôʵ۾Ҫ£֣ҲпܣϾ⼸ʮڳΪ٣Ǹ£Ҳ᲻ֹһβ
ڷ¸裬ССͣܲѧɲţνʦпġ
¸ҡͷ̾˵ʦκü꣬ȫޣŮҲ֪Ķ뿪ʱкû򣬳ŮҲãһֱûϢеĻȻһʱʥϣ
󻯽֮ػȻԽԽá
ʵ۰ϧֲȷĻм٣ֻ˶Ρ
Ȼˣ¸谡Խˬ̫ҽ˵ǻͳɼƣӻҩʲôĸ޷ã
ʵۼ޵ҩүӺͷ¸趼Ǿ֮ˣ᲻
ʵ۶֮ġ
¸һ۷үӣǰʵ۰Ƭ̺
̫ͣҽϵûȷЩͳɼŮиӣֻ谴ʱãձɼЧ
ʵ۵
Щҩҩţˣζ̹˵¸޾ŲǱȳԿҩӺõö࣬¸ɷҲһ¯
ϽӶ̽һƾܣԵ飬ռȻѡ¶游Щ³綼Ҫԡ
ҵԲܣϽȴܲˡ
䴫ŶѣǿʣУŮҽпɣʲôɵҩУϲΪɡ
ʵɫһ٣ϽﶼڴģôԻ˵»ʵۻá
¸ȴֱͦӭϻʵ۵
һ֮շ磬ܿһЦ
ȻǾˣ¸֪Ƴߣ֮ãٳٲû⣬ʮϾ޵˲˹ȥȴȥ޻أ¸ҽ֮ߣΪΨ㣬ίΰ
Ƴô
ǻʹ𣬷¸ЩǣЩĵر⻷֮µġ
Ƴ߱ѾãҲرĶֶ֧౦
һˣ¸ȥˡ
ˣŮҵȻΪշǣ¸游־ȻԹۣԸһ
-

36 

ʵصͷã¸ȥʰʰһһӽԻǰƳǡ
¸ĵײ졣
֪ʵ⣬ǻͣӣνҲ游Ϊѣˡ
׻˵黢ԡ

¸ʱǡȥ޹̽ԯ䡣
ԯԳĸȥǽĸұãǰﰵӻԯ꣬Ӳ˵졣
Խʱ빬̽
¡
Թžб仹ڹϽԯ񣬷¸ȻԯһѷϽүòŶ񡣡
˳۷¸裺ʲôʱҲڱǰѧˣ
¸һۣԯԽЦ
үӸɨһ۶ˣ۵һҪǡ
ԯѯ˽ɣټΪ˷䴫ţ
¸ͷţ⣬ɻǵƳǱһ¡
Ե޹ʵģΪ£ԯ뵽֮ǰѯԸƳһ£ԯܾˣû뵽ôͰֵɽӸ˷¸裿
ʥȥƳǽߣ
ϣԯɫѣƳ֮¿ûô򵥣ߣ͢ôˣԼҽһŻ
ۏ˻ˮ¸ȴ棬Ͳòؿˡ
ҴҸǺԯ۷鷿ҲǰƳǾԮ
֮ǰʹ㣬ԼԸôôͷˣ
ԯɫĶ֮һʵҲ֪Ǳô򵥣ɾΪ̫ɫɫò
Ͼʵֵ׳ꡣ̫㣬ǡ̽¸֮ǰͬ̽ԼĶӡ
ǿ˷Ѿͷ
ԯΣֱԲǣϷ¸ˡ
ʵϴЦ۹ѾͷǸ͵ģúðգޱ׼¸裬һǰƳǣߡ
ԯ֪ʵ۲ôģҲ֪Լļɵ
ΪʵۣȻɵԼĶ̫ڣ뷽跨֣ʹͽǣƽ⣬ԯֻоĵ׶͸ˡ
κϰ߳ȻͿ޶ԣʼҶڴʲô
лʡ
ԯǰŸ߲ãԯ۵֪ϢҴ빬ʥƳǿķףȥ飬ڴ
μʡ
ԯ۵⣬ʵ֪֮С
ۣᣬκų΢΢̧ͷİô𼱻ǵޣΪ£
ԯЩ̣ϾǰĲֹĸʣͬʱǸ߸ϵľ֮Բ˵ʶͷ
ʣƳǶķأöܺͷ¸ǰȥƳǣ
вʣ
ԯګګǲףΪ˿ܡ
ΪֶΣʵĺȴֱ׵˵
ŭ
ΪƳأѾˣ߲ûл⣬ԽԽңôģ
ԯ֨֨صҡ
ʵ۴ûˣض˵оϣʰ̯ӣȥɡ
ԯ۸ŭԣֻøˣȴûгȥĸ
ĸܳ谮ʼٶɫȴѿԯЩģĪĸʧˣ
ǰ󹬣ǣһȫԯǸԤס
ĸ
Ȱԯֱµ۶ˣɫô˭㲻ˣ
ԯ۴ʵĸͬʸΣʿ
ƣҡҡͷⰡʲôˣ㸸ջṬ
ԯŻ˿Ǿͺá
ûʲôֻƳǳ˵ʾȻȥƳǿǱķء
ţŶӵְ
۶ĪƳǵ±ҲжţƺֵòСýȥ̽·ʯˣȻᱻز汻ˣҲǻʶ㣬ƳǱϾķأԯ䲻ǰװ¶ѡ
ԯһȻˣ
΢΢һЦɵӣҲпǻϣ̽Ͼûô򵥣Ǹˣأ޶ԡ
û˵ǣʵͬô꣬β˽ʵ۵Ϊˣ
ǼɵأܣֻҪһĿܡʵ۶һʱ佫֮ɱѿ
ǵ
飬еֻҶᣬпܻȥøã¸ֵܡ
۶סǧҪ㸸ǰ¶Ұġ

-

37 

ûʵΪͲ竣˲ܲɵԼõóס
ĸģ֪
װ̫꣬װԼţֻǸĲݰˡ
ԯЦΪҵĶӣǲףһעҶᣬ
֪ͺã˵ԭýȥƳǣܾˣºִӦʮа˾Ϊ˷¸裬۶ĸģڽ̨֮ǰǧǸ¸ǣСҴı
ϣ¸б£з̨ĸȢɳΪСͬõϵ⡣
ĸӣΪ¤̫ذͶǰһ£ѾۣΪһֱû֤ݣûܵǣܳ꣬ϻЩڣҲûûдǰǰˡ
˼ϣҪСĽаһԨ
۶ĸ֪㲻˺󣬵µȷʱˣͷʱ֪ǹͷз硣
Ľݲв̤
һû˻ϵĳ谮ǾͻΪϵ⡣
ԯָ˽ĸĵȰοǵͷ
ĸģ֪ô
źο֪ͺãĸҲΪá
˭߹󣬲ЩҷţʵӴĸҳ׺òװ̫صλӣ⵵¶Ҳᡣ
ˣˣȻذɡ
ԯ۷ƹ磬ϣˡ
ĸϢȸˡ
ӸṬԯ۵ɫͲ̫ÿ
ĸЩڸҪ躹ޡ
ô꣬ԭעѹڷ縮۵ϣʹ֪۲÷үӳ谮ϾǷŮο¸ǰǸӣδؼ޵ĳȥ
ʱȢ˷ۣʱ¸ټ޲ȥڡ⡱Ϊѡ˷¸裬ңƿطΧ֮ڡ
ʹ¸˶Żһ֮λܻϽ֧֣Ҳֵˡ
˷ںԺ衣
˭֪㲻㣬¸跭ظı仯ԭеľĲ۶ĥʯ
¸衭
Բġ
ԯ۵һĨһ죬Ǹλã¸裬Ҳģ
ޱԯ۸ṬӭײһװСŮ
μ£ū澲ĵġ
һ֬ζĹŮ̧һ˫ˮۣίֺµСģ
ԯЦ
֮УʲôHûƾɫ빴.һү
ˣ·ϣͼϵūȥȱС
ǹŮʵû뵽һϲմǲݵȻôᡣ
ؿͷүū澲ˣūҲˣүūһءү
ȥ
һߡ
ڻʹżʣ˻

ڶһ磬ʵίɵһСӽѵȺʱ¸װүӴſͱǧ
⻹ͷһεԶţǧСĽû۸ˣ࣬չ˺С㣬˸ͷʡ
ͷظ֤̫үģūһźС㡣
үӵͷֲĵص㻤ԺүүһϲµĶӴһСӵ㣬һʮĺ֣ҵĸǰȷ棬书ڣҲܷĵĶࡣ
ġܷĲŹ֣үں޲ԼԸȥŰġ
Ǹδ׿ҪڼϰĹľ̲סȥˡ

߶߶һѣ¸˿ᷳɼĶҲˡ
үүɷģһ·չˣô˻ͣµģοֲֻԼнͬء
үӱ齩ˣΪŸģСһ֪Ů⡣
үӲˣ¸費֪ιʣҲ뵽һӵĳʱ̵ԼҺŵĻǶ䱻˵ǵģץӸΣжᡣ
ˣʱ磬·Ҳãȥɡ
¸豻үӸȾ΢΢ɬ
ãүүҲñԼҪҽܿ
ģүүأһȭһͷţ
⵹ǴԴʼϰǲȭһһãʤʱ۷״̬
ϳɾ֪ö͵ţƥﻳĵ
ϳɡ
¸ͷˣүүء
Զһƺ
ֻ࣬ǿơ
Ϊ׵ǽԯ䣬Աһҽء
-

38 

Ķ鿿縮жͣ£¸ƿüëĿǡ
ԯƲ΢ЦǰƳǣЭߣȻ׼׵ǳɡ
¸һЦԯǰһࡣ

үӱ鲻ˬ֮ǰôûôһ𣬾Ȼֻӣһֻĵӡ
ѾԶˣظɡ
үӺһۣ㶵û֨
ǡߣȥˡ
ﲻþǰ£ѵԸˣɼж
ڷ縮ÿ¸ĵȻүӵƢҲɨسš
Դӳ֮ǰǼ£ڸĵλǼתֱ£ɲúúüβ
ȻЩʱʱˡ

յͷ¸һʹʮ࣬·ʮͤԯԸϢ
ͣϢù·
¸ϱĿһҡƿ
غȻͣ
ԯˣʱš
¸裺
Ǹҹ񱼣Բȵ˭
ֳһǸ֣һٲԶûŵ̬ô£
ԯӹһ򲻺ãܲľöЩߵһ·֮ϵĳԴöȣԿɲصġ
˽ﳯʹɫ¸ǵǻʵЩѲɻʵ֪жһ£ԯݡСĽɫ
ϻڴˡ
Ȼˣүǣ࣬³ɡ
С㡣
һϣַŷ¸³
⣬һдӼ򣬷Сɻϰߡ
¸迴װģͦô£΢΢򴽵ãлүػ
Ϸ˭ᣬţͶŮ
ԯݸ¸һ֧µĿ룺¥Ŀ룬׼ģһ·¶ޣСҪൣˡ
үġ
ѽ£ʽˬʱڣɽҶ׷ףһĨɣ֮С
ľ磬һ̲ס££멡
඼ӣ¸ϵʵЩ
ԯ䷽ŵɳԺˣԺþͼ·ɡ
¸ͷԱܿ·ҳɹĳЩˡˣ˸Ϥܿ׵ı
ԯĿģ
ϸ֦ĩڶע⵽ϸ糾ָ֮̾䶼Ҫ·ͷ·湻ġ
֮ԯڷ¸Աߣ΢΢˵Ż˵ĽڲԶĵط֤õȴʲô
Ϸ
ԯ乴˴ˡ
ڳһȦС㣬㡭£ڴʲôգ
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㰡ֻܸСңһŲضܡ
оܵصıӣŶ֪ˣС㡣
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ԯ棬
¸ü
ϽٵˣƶϣһΪ٣ռɽΪɽҪһڡ⡱Ҳõ
οǻžţеĻӶһףȫװĴ硣
ĸɽͷôҪĻ¸˵ͨúܡ
С㣿һʱţһſˮ
ˣ
ûСū澲£ū澱С㡣
¸̲סЦˣµֶڶװ򶨵ǰοĵͬʱЩͷۣѾͷﶼãǵ̫С
ģ涼ǽͱһʮɽˣҲȻ
ֻ֣Ϊ֪ȻҪôûô򵥡
ƿһǣ¸üͷ
Щˣȥˣ񡭡
ڻӼεʱ񱩶ˡ
ȶᵶҪȥԯһס֡
ͳȭүҵȱүԼС㰲ȫִ¤ߣɱۡ
ͳ죬Щ˲񣬸񣬴ʸٶֲ١
⡭
ԥԯƽ΢ͳ죬㱣ҼүҼүôͳԽ޴ңүʩˣ
Դ²ҡ
Ȼң˿
ֵĺͳ󵶱һӵ˺󡣡
ԯʾƽƽһȽǰʵʲôˣүݣôĵӣ
ԷһǸү׷׻ڵطߣүСǶƳǱ߽ѹƽ񰡣
-

39 ֮

һ·ӻˣΪ˾пڷԣ˭֪سǵıǵϣǣֹǣһ·֮еĳ򣬶ý˵ƳʢҲߴȾǶүСȻӡûˡ
ǰǰүѾˣö˶·ϣò׵˾ǣǶЩˡ
ƽһид
⡭
࣬۾ˣС㣬Ҳ̫ˡ
¸˿ûôˣ¶ȥˣҲܲ˵⽨ƶ£ݽ棬ԭ磬ɷҲֻǸûȨûƵõġ
ЩȨǮƵˣǸϣҲ⡣

±Ӿȥ

ƽתͷԯ䣺үô׵
ǶǴĵϰգðҵǧﱼֻһȴⶼȷ
ԯ
̫ҽһȷûȾߵģűǡ
Щ˵һ·̫ûͦȥĴ඼УʣЩ׳Ӷ࣬ǼڳգߣѲȲڣżѹֵĿԣǷ纮Ϊ˱Ҫϸһ±Ƚ׵
е̫ҽ³Щ
»ĵС˵ǲǣ
¸ҡͷô򵥣
Ҳ˵Щֵ̫ͻأؾƫƫǵıؾ֮·ϡ
з˵ǣ൱ʱ֯ԣοѶӦϼҴڣ;мֲסģһ涼ûС
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˵Ŀģеҽ
ǴȥƳǽߣǱز٣ֻҪɱЩĴԯƱ±룬߸ˣûȾҲ
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һԯ׷䴩ȻٵǼ̫ҽˡ
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ĩڣСɰġ
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ҽ
¸һڣؾ͸оҪ㣬æĻ𣬷С㣬Ǳ˵ˣСĶ죬ұ졣
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Դͣ˸ǳǵľͷĲ
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С㣬ոճǸҽص
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40 ʿ

¸бۿϣĵһҽԺأû˵ªš
ϲһҿȡȣС㣬ͱ𺮲ˣҴ˻С
¸˵ģڷ¸ǰǰŪôǣôһķĺ
ٶˡ
װʲôûʼĿбӿǰĴ򶷡
ܿ죬ս
ԯԹۣԷˣ߶һʮĺ֣ʤԶ׼յ蹦Ϥܻ
Է˹룬ԯһߣȴˡ
ڡԯ
ǡ±ȭǡ
мģӦͷ֮ˣѺԯǰǿй¡
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ЩԯЦһ仰δ˵ֱҧأȻԾˣʣµɨһۣ׷׿ĶԾ
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Ȼһڶû¡
ԯɫȻʿΪ˸ϰãôʿҪپ
Ļ֮ˣǺôֱʡ
͵񡣡ԯתͷ


;˳ܶ࣬ڵִƳǡ
ֽƳǣϴη¸ԯ·ʱҪɪֻ֣
ֵҲǷֽǮͺڻҡ
ҼһϹŰ׳ԼѹֵĿ
ƳҲһ֮أɫ
һ߾ˣҲꡣ
·Ҳмǵˣ㲣Ƽԯһ˼ȫĮӡ
Ҳϣ͢һһˣϣȴһһεԨ
˭ָˣվһ
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ǻʲô
͵͵ƿһǵ࣬Ķ˰ء
С㣬ÿ¡
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Ҹط١ԯԸ
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ҪҪûˣ˭ںʲôǮȥĶ
һ˺ԯʹɴķ¸һ¥׼Ե㶫
үƳ̫ԳǰݼүҪھͼ
Գ̣
ԯ䰵⣬Ѵ˼ϣɡֶԷ¸¥
¸Ǵеر֪ԯصܲ͸磬һЩ֪ϸģΪ·.ΣʱҪڲ࣬ǻ塣
¸Ȼ֪ԯͼϵصͷ
ãһš˵¥
ο̬ǧ˾֪ȻǸɫ˶
ǿǽŮˣЩС˼˵ģҲֻ͵͵Ʋۣ˭ҲҪˣý֪ˡ
Ŀͷ¸¥ԯջĿãǡƳ̫ѵдߵݣ¹Ƴ̫Գ̣¡
ԯߵ֮ƣаȣʵ©ػ̫Ҳˡ
үˣⶼ¹Ӧı֡
ԳԳƵǫЩֺ֮ɫ
˵ƳķأԳ̵Ӻϸԯۣﰵİͽԯ䡣
ƫƫôˣԣҪ˵ûè壬ɵӲŻš
Ϊ̫ˣԯ
˵һЩûʲôӪĻЩʺԯѯƳ״ʵòʣ۾һֹ֪ۣй¶ѣȻŴˡ
ԯת¥ȷǷ¸ķ䡣
Ƴ̫ز򵥣¸迪ڱʡ
ԯص
ţϼ޻
ô˵Գʲôû׳
򴽣ʧҲûôɵá
֮˵һϵƣЦɲá
ٿȷԳ̲ĵˡԳӦ֪·жٴ̽˼Ȥˡ
Լص̫طԯҲմ㷴ۣϣ﷭˴ԵøôõԼһûá
¸Цˡ
ֻһ£У
ԯ䣺
࣬һ
ԯ仰һתж¸費˵ͷŲ裬־Ĭˡ
-

41 

Ҫæô
¸ͷү
ԯЩ̾һ̫ͬ
Ƹ̧£ҲǺ졣
ˣԯûĬĬһûģС۶ǡ
ԼСġ

ҹ
¸һҹ£Ӵڷջ䡣
ǵǵ˯žࡣ
СԼˡⶼڼˣǲǺûãÿζﲻæ
һ룬һԹ¸ɲ֪ɫС
ռĴͻȻܸʶҸƳʯϢ
¸費òġ
౦ͻƣ˵ʯܼӿٶȣѹ
ӿռųףСèС¸豧ڻС
һγУоϻ
ҹ˾ƳǣϼҼҹűջⶼûУڷ¸ҹʲô¡
˳㻹ϰ
ûָ¸ֻܰϵĶԼĥߣҲ̫ѡ
ףѧôǲǺ
ߺɢô
ɼɢޣҲҪʲôģлɣܲԼоȫˡ
ɢޣ
¸ϸ֦ĩڣò࣬ǰͰ࣬ڤ롣
š
׻ͷԵصͷҶߣδκɡ
¸ЦˣɢôԣҾɢޣôǲǷǳ
ţ˺˵ʦ˭
¸ҡͷûʦԼһġ
׹һʲô
Լģ·ʦûУȫһصҪöѧɲţǻˡ
ôƫƫʵʵڵķˣǸǵޣ˼顣
Ѫеģ˴Уſǡ
׸һ쵽ʲô̶ȵˣ
˺
֮⣬֪˵ʲôãˣ־֮Ӱɣֻ˵ѡ֮ˣŻ졣
ûѡˡ
ʮְţȫȻǵȰȫǱ¸豩շ顣
ʱ¸豧ŴͣһĽ
ǿӦþˣҿ¸´ףȻһˣ
飬ĻʵƳˣ
һͳ˵¸СӴʯ̽ͷҹɫµ˽Դһɫ񣬿ݡ
֮˵ǵĻ˵ģǵүԯ䡣
ߡ
үΣһ޻أƳǵҵȲµ巽һ鷲ܽ⣬ǵķҽҲҪ޲ߣ巽Դģιɻޣʱ򡭡˭
Ϊ˾Լߣûñ㷢ַ¸Ĵڣһӣһ¸Ĵʯ˲ըѡ
¸㿪ЩˡȻߣ
ղžˣ¸Żһ֮Ϣ֡
Ȼͬˣû뵽֪ѿǡ
˼Ϊƻ¸У֪ͬߣͼ׽ͬʱѸٹ¸裬Ƿ¸оϵɡ
ɱ뿪¶ǵܣ
һδУɱױ¶ͬʱ¸Χס
ΪֻԼù
˵Ϊλ۷壬ͻƽ𵤣ڽӣ
¸ЦҪƾ汾¡
ס
һХèСĴ˲ͣɱ塣
ãޣ
˻ңϲλ۷ضŴ׻һ˲ɱ˶ᱦͷ
ɱޡ
¸ɲ࣬û˵ڻඨô
һ䣬ʱ֣⻹ϴθԯɽ˫ͷѪĶõ
ıӣԷۺˣƷ
û뵽˿ȥͨɢޣȻر޻ƷöΪߵۺĶ
λˡ
ɱ˶ᱦҲҪ¡
¸Цһɽ֣˲ˣͬΪڣ¸Ҳɱ
Χ¸裬ǸҲڸײܿ˲У¸迴һ˦Ѿ˵ɱһҲˡ
ǻһɣף¸ǰкƱҪɱ¸衣
Ϊȷ¸߳¸ӦЩ
ˣڣǱĶ֣Թɣ
-

42 ֣ɻ

һΣȻ¸սޣۻ߳Ը߳¸һض
Σͷۻ̲סЦɱ޺ƷͶˣ۵ɢȵ֮⣬ۻȻִ̳һ
¸述ȴ䣬¶ݡ
ۻһ촽Ǹɫ˶ҽտ޸ǳС˶ֻҪԹԴ˱ҵ¯һ
ۻа¸ŭһҵ.ģ綼͸ˣͷӶ֪Ķȥˡ
ڣˡ

¸۵׺ջس飬ٴóɻ
֣ɻǡ
~
һ𣬺ۻ̲һɲϢ
ʱѾΪʱ𣬺ۻ˲Ҫըһ㣬һͷѪȻ˲ᡣ
ۻ𺣬˲䵹ˡ
ǺźɣҲұ
Ȼ¸Ͳᣬɡ
вʣ¸費ᣬֵĻᡣ
ٸҵƬ̣ѹƲסڱʱ¸ٳ֣ΣյľԼˡ
ֻúһת̼ʧҹɫС
¸ҡ£Ȼ͸֧
۱Ͼ߳磬١
ˣ
ҧһˣ׿ܵ¸ߡ
û£ʯҪ
ΣҲ˽Ŀġ
׵һǳɫʯͷ¸ӹȭͷСʯͷʯ
ԭªţһμ
ҡͷѱ飬ʯ
¸Ȼһʯͷѣ¶澧Ө͸۴Сʯ
ôôС
̾ʶд˱֪ɣִȻʯУܱǻԵôһСʯ̲صڵˣһԾ۷塣
¸۷Ź⣬棿Ȼ
ǶһЩȶ౦ɹٴһЩԹ
׻Хһǽһ޿κΣȻʯǴײأ洦ɼ֣
ܵһѵã˻ǲҪ̫ĺá
̫ʧ
¸ʯŵռڶ౦˯ԱߣˣȻؿջ˵
ֱɡСèѽ¸軳¸Уûñ˿ջ
ڽһҹ۷ؿջҹ£һĨǰס
ˡ
¸һϣͻȻӴԯһۡ
Īһҹû˯ڵҰɣջͷˣԶ׼
ԯǰԼԼһ裬Ҫڷֲģַµϰ𡣡
֮顣
¸Ʋ̶ɫ·֣ǲС
ԯתͷѯʣô˵
ƳǵߣΪ
ԯһ漴ӿһŭ
ǲſݹλĽ죬ǷҲĶһЩ޴ƽ֡
֮ˣǺεȺݶƳǿżʮˡ

˲Ҿ徵£ȻΪǺΪʲôĿģ
㶼֪ʲôˣ
ԯ䣬ܿ侲
¸¼Ҫ˵һ飬ڶԷߵ飬ѡʱ
ԯĴϻۣ֪ԷߣȴܴӼߵΧºӳ϶ɡ
Ƴ¶ֶηǷѰҽѽ⣡Уس֣ҲҪ֮ǰһ޹
¸迪ڣ֪Щͨ巽ƶɵƳߣ󷨣ҪõʲôԴɻޡ
Щ˵ԯû̫ô
ǻʵ٣ָô
ԯ΢΢ס
ΪѶˣҪ׽뽫Ļҳ
ʱκߣҲܶʼα겻α
֪Էͬһ㣬ҪȷҪȥ¸ȻЦЦĿԯ䡣
ԯҲЦˡ
;ϣɲǱ磬οã˵¸ãи֮أиæô
¸һۣˣ
֮㿼֪ģҲֻô࣬ҲѾѹ㣬ºηչͿΡ
ԯЦǹı
¸޵顣
ԯЦ˲תƻѰź֣տʼϢƳǣصѾȾߵϣȻжһзӿɽ⡣
¸ҡͷ
˵̫磬Ƕ򵥡
ߵֶΣԶԶԯ
㡣
-

43 Ů

ԯȴܣһĸ¸Ÿñӡ
˵ɣµһҹô¸Ʋ
ԯŤͷȥֻǡɸѶѣˡ
ǺעϢΣٲ¸˸Ƿ
㲻һأȻذɣһҪݾ
ԯһ٣ɳ⣬һ磬֨졣
һ硣
¥һ֣¸跽ۣϴ˸򵥵ķΣŴָӵ̷Ū
˭ϱͼ㣬ǶͷҪʱˣмٷ

ʰϣ¸ɴ¥
ԯվڴָҽһ
ү
¸Ųƣ¥ڵݣǽߵġˡɲǧô
ԯһƤ񣬡ػͷᡣ
ôϢĿɻã
¸谵²ۣҪִϷ϶г·׵ĽӰۡ
ãֻǵүүҪȥϸòã
ɢţҪ˼һ£˼һ۵Ϣ
ڳΨʵĿˣԯ䣬أԡ
Ů̫װǶҪˡ
ø£ԣߡ

Ѳ֢ƳһʱӣĿǰٶˣᣬԯһ˵ʱ̧ʬ
ߵˣŮ٣ݿ£˫۶һҡ
治ɫߣͬеĻƳ̫أԳ̡
λգԴҽߣʶƵƳһȹѹصġ
û˵̫࣬ҲûΪˣľȻǸүǷ˵͢ûг׷Ƴǣǣ
֧ģ໥Źڵأүǧꡭ
үǵǲòˣ椺ú¡
¸ԯȥΧһԸŮеԼĪʮ£ڣ§ͬڵŮޣ˾ģ
СŮ˵껰ҿԼλ۵ı
椵ȻôϲҲô椵ġ
ԼҲţϺò񻰣Ӧûڷգʡ
¸費֪ΪΣ̲ס¶һ¡
ԣˣϦˣҪԼС
΢΢̾¸˹ȥ
á
Щ޴룬¸ѾСŮ޵
ĻҪһЩСѾ;ƿ֮ףҲòȥ
Ů쿴Ů㡭Ůǵô
Ĳ̣¸óһŵҩ԰ɡ
СŮ۾رǡ
Ůǣ椿Գ
˺ͷŮǣǰǼҾЩҲʱʱ򼸿ԴƳǱ֮󣬾ҲûǸˡ
лл椣԰ɣлл㡣
椵лȲǡСС¶Ц
ֻЦȴ֪ܳá
¸ˣⶾΪβܽ⡣
ⶾɵжѣͨҽҶԣҲֻһĲ֢ѡ
¸ڵ׾ٵľ͸˶
Ѿ٣ⶾƮٿУԴԴʱʱ̿ڶ֮С
ⶾϾҩƶɣ̺ȻڵĶʣԱ֮ûʲô飬ڣ֮أ
ңƳǰպ࣬¸аⶾܹһţҲܱ˼ѡ
Ҫ˵¸ôⶾ
غ̫ҽһΧһֲ֢̽
¸費κֻϣЩ΢һЩʱ䣬취ҵν巽
̫ҽ͵̫ҽˣ֮ǰʮˣ֢ߣղֹɺȣĻᡣ
ˣ̫ҽ飬ɺΪ̣˫Σ᪣ҩ
λΪ˷У
⼸ϵ̫ҽѰ˼Ƭ̷׷׵ͷҲǸӣһԡ
سʣ֮ǰļ򣬿µҩ
˻ڰҩӦûҩӵġ
̫ҽͷǣ֮ǰҲٴˣ̫ҽԺͬţ޻أЩ˵ҽδؾͱǲ
칫֮
¶̫֮ǰڰ죬̫űͳϸԡ
ϸԴ˿ȥ֣ʵ˼ϸ壬ΪҲƣУųԳ˹ӦǶû˵ʹӦˡ
֮ǰĴ򿪵ҩв٣ͬĩбĩھȥȡ
ĬĬͷͳ졣
̫شĩˣְڣ֮²Ҿӹ
ϸȡдùҩһ񣬼ŷӣ̫ҽֱֿͷۡ
-

44 ҾҪݾ

̫ҽ֮ǰҩŷӣҲùˣ滹¼Ч
صѡЧȽϺõļŷӣںĽжԱȣ޼
˵ʲô̫ҽɫԽã˵֮ǰǼ൱
ǰ
سڿɲǸԱʱƳǵİգ£Լϡ
̫ҽǳ̾һǰǻȫԼˡ
칫˵ĶԣλˣΣǶӦһ
ΪԼӦþһԡ
΢΢һЦԽ
ﻹһӣλ˲οο
ҽһ֣֪ûУղҽ֮дķ̫ҽȵѧƵ
ԹӢ۳꣬
̫ҽҲ͵ҿҲУһ԰ɡ

صοҩ£һԯ˽ѯʷ¸衣
ǶԸŮҩ
¸ҡͷⶾֻ⣬֢޷
ԯͷȻе̣ãݾߣС̣ǿƳϰյ
취ߣԷĿģȻģʱ¶ŵʱһã
ϣؿҩһм֢״ģѾʼת
ϲѡ
ϸΪΪѾתͷõܵڡ
칫ӣҽŲһЧһԳ׸ߣһԣ
΢΢֣ͳأʲôҽҽģǴһŬĽ
صҩգ֮ǰղ˵Ĳ⣬ڴ˿ͬʱȻ˾ɲ֮֮ǰΪأһ㣬֪̫ͨҽ鿴ͻ鴤ɥ
¸֪֮һ
¶֮˾ڳڣߣ
еĶ֮֮ǰˡ
Ȼ˲سֻⲡ飬ǲȣǼؼٵǵĿġ
ԯרŰ˰ס˳ˮԴû˿֣¸ĻиǾ
üͷ֣һУƺ¸ԯ䲢ر⡣
ڴʲôգǲ֪ʲôңô£
һԼҽţ˷¸ѹʦĻû˳
ȴӶܴ죬Ȼвʡ
ԯ俴۷¸裬ߵͷ󣬲Ÿ֪ء
˵ƳǵߣΪ
߼أܿܲٿŶˣڳڡ
ĿһжΪ
˻棿
ӿһŭ𣬱ЦģҽģοƳǼʮϰİգ
ŭǣ־ˣȴʱԱƻŭ޷ݡ
¸ͷԷӦܿ죬ֲã߱˼صơ
ǻڼ飿
ʣ¸ͷӦڳУ
ͷһԭˡѹִ˵߳£͢ȫȥ޻ء
ǺΪΪ
ͻȻ뵽ͳ죬ܵҲת֮һ
뵽ʲôɫ΢䣬ת׼Ҵ뿪ˣСڣ
ȴ¸躰ס׳һŽⶾ
ķӹá
ɫ΢΢ȻǴĵһҽҲ֪¸ı£һ£ӹ˽ⶾתȥ
ڣǸʮȴĺӣ֪ôˣؽ磬ȥϸ
ס֣
кã΢΢ϸԶҩҪιڣæס
¸˵ػɣҩУ
ϸԾԭء
칫ӣô£
ɫ԰ףֻûʲô֮󣬴ҩٺȣҩ֮󣬴ҲҪ⴫
ϸϸ糾һ仰ԣ±ɫҪСڣ
֪¹ش󣬰ͷҪܣóȻйܡ
ͳʣֻҪ˵ȥɣ֮͢ǲǰȻģɷģү֮ԶʤҵڣСڳµҩǴ˳ˣСڲµġ
ϸ΢ү֮оȻôĵһҽķڷˣԭǵģԷ
칫ӷģˣл
ҡͷּ򵥽ŸǶȥ
Ȼȥ֮ʱ¸边ȻҪԳˡ
㿼ǺˣҪ֪ʱ֣ܻܿݾߣ
ԯ俪ڣ֮ǰĲһֱϣ¸迴ʱϡ
һĳЩˣܿЩ֮󼪡
¸ȴ˵ͷҪľǴݾߣ߲ôᶯôҵǣ
ҲҪ֣Ҫĵĳ֣
-

45 ɣ

һԯأһЩԱʹýⶾˮУλ˵˶ʱˡ
գƳǺ䶯үһѾ֢֮֮˼ǰƳǼˮڡ
ֻҪ˾ˮͿȬ
ʼ˽ŽɣȻһЩ֮ҽ֮󣬾Ȼ̶̰ʱʹΪת
ƳǶʱͺ䶯ˣ·ǻƳ֮һ˿һ㡣
˷ӵƼˮڣЩˣֱֳ뾮ˮ顣
Ϊ֮
أԯ䣬̫ҽǱһĻĿɿڴ
˶ע⵽ˣߵһλɫߵŮӡ
̣ʱ˲֪λǺεȲ
ҽƳˡ
˵ҽҪΪ乩λ𲻶ϡ
Ȼ͢ûзǣΪҽ
ɽǳݣϣ˭Ըţ
ҹ
µķ¸Ѿһװԯ䣬ڷУĬ
¸лһֻСèֻСèʮ鶯ˡ
⣬س֣Щ˾Ͱ಻ס¸֣ȻЩˡ
ֻҪǻûȻڽж
Ļ̲ס
ٵȵȡ
ԯ仰䡣
¸еСèȻèըëһ㡣
¸ʱǰһˡ
СèȻǴף޶ΪУЩжȻ
ֻҪ״·Է¸ΪԷҲʲô¡
״·
״ӷ¸ֱȥ¸
ԯҲæվȴأص֣ȥҲֻˡ
ңȻ¸ٶɼԷС
һˣܿͳҹɫ˳ȥ
һ֮󣬴ͣ˳ˮӡ
ȻڳУ¸ԯҲľ
¸赽ˮ֮Ҳ̲һϢϵĶ
æԯȻ
ȻƬ̺ɫӰӰӰ´´Զӹ
ˣ
ͬʱһݡ
͢Ⱥˣ򵥣иصģ˵ǴĵһҽվǷӣΣ˵ǽߵŮ˳֣ȥ̽Щˮ⾮ˮ֮оȻ̺һ˿˿
һҪԼʧҽڣ¶㲻ֱ
ֶ죬ҲЩˣ̴߶巽Ǹ֮ˣҲһˣһݡ
˱ϥǣǣܣˡ
ˡ
˵ĻƵǰĻˣ˼ӵĻƣƳ˸֣һҪС£¶ţˣϿ£ϵĴ£ɳﲻ𡣡
¸мһһۣͷǵš
ŲʮỺȵϼûһ֪Ϊס
ԯضзΨз¸Ǻۻߡ
Ϊ֮ϡ
ۿͬʱȻһӣ¸谵ãԯ㵽һԣֻԭȲĴʯȻըѡ
֮ǰϵǸҪݣ־Ҫϡ
ԭǼֻ󡭡ţλѣ֮䲢޳ԹѲۏƳ˻ˮ뿪
˫΢У˸ΣյĹâҲ˷¸ϲϢ
¸Цȴ𻰣ܶȺˣǶڷ¸ˣҪԷġ
ϻ˵
һЦڣΪǱĶ֣
ǲǣ֪
¸һ㣬䳤ޣǰףǺۻš
䣬ָһָϣϣ֮ǰǸۻһͬ۷ʵ
ѹͷţԯü˿ɫҲôÿ
֪¸ʲôֶˡ
ߣ
ǴԾȻģ
ȻպȻըһ̻һ٣ߡ
һ˷̻ķȥ
¸ӣųɽ׷ȥ뵽ԯػڣӲͣס
ԯšü׷
¸һۣô׷û˼̤Žߵģ
ԯʲôʱΪ֪ıǲȸղ١
¸нģԯͲ̹
ʱգԲ
ҵλСƺźܡ
䣬ɿ巽˭ˣ
ֻЩϤдһʡ
¸Ƴ̫أԳ̡
һ̫أȻͬ˸ǳصİ¶Ϊʲôأ
Ĳ󡣡ԯĵ
ʲôô硭ɣ
-

46 ƾͼƣ

Ϲгɵõһ;ԯĿƿ¸裬¸ĵһ⣬֪ԯǰ¶ڣǲϣû֤ݣΣ
ǧ治УûĲһͲģ¶ɡȤ
ǷˣԸȰͷˣҲɵõ
¸ۣ˵ıȳĻ
δ𻰣׵ͷ˽⵽¸˼˲ٶȳ
ûҵοЩϢ¶ˡ
Ϊԯ䣬һ˾ܸȥ
һ·ۣԳԽˬԴͶʵÿնվ
̤ˮ޺۵ı£ǰûҲõĽŴӵгɵõĻᡣ
ֶΡϡ
Խ룬ԳԽǼЩʲôʲôƳǰգֵһᡣ
гһܳɵõʲôʲӵ̫أһ֮Ҫϥ
Գĵ
ŲԽѸ٣Ҫȫǿֵ¸ǳԾС
һ̫أԳ̵ṦȻ˸ǿ
һᣬ㵽˳ˮΡ
ԳЦȻнӡһŻɫȻǰ
ʱˮˮ棬ȻҲһ׭·Ļɫ측֡
һɵӹ֮и֣ȻͳЩԲĶһģһ
ֻĶ죬ֻͨ˴֮ΪŨˮҲΪ
ν巽󣬾ȻΪģУѰ˸ˡ
巽󣬾Ƿ¸ٶĽⶾһջᱻĿգӶٶȸ
һΣѾǽ¸ϵĽⶾȫ˾ˮ֮С
һΣǷ¸ҲҪ޲ߡ
ݴֻ֣ͣϧϵȲˣɻҲ˹ؼʱ̡
ԳΪϧĿڵ
ȻŭĿһɣӿ֮Уʱ󷨴γһȥеĶ̱øӻԾ
֮ƳǼΪǣһ֮غѪ巽еԴıȻ졣
Գ̴ЦȻЦһȻŤͷ
˭
βͲزס𣿡
Գɫһѿָԯͷ¸衣
㣿Ȼ㷢ˣôүԲȥɣ
ԳŤŤŤӣ죬Ҳһ£ױ¶ıˡ
һ뿪ˣ˭֪ҵģ֪ˣҺΣţ
¸Ц
Ϊƾ㣬ɱǣ
˭õһڵôŵģ
Ǹʲô¸費ɣԳ̵׼ʲôаɣ
û뵽Գ̺ȻЦ
棬̫ˣΪҲ֪ǰиңΪΪ֮İβҵڣ
Ц֮Գһ֣ҹͻȻڳ߸ˣһۣߣޣȥͦ˵ġ
ԳֵҹΪ֮߳Ҿһƾͼƣ£ôǲǺܾϲ⣿
ԯɢ
ãܺãһԳ̣һССԳ̾Ȼ
¸ȴȻһЦԴ˿֪ʲô⼸ˣ𣿡
Գ̲ŭЦëѾͷʲôԯߣɫ˵Ů˰ˡ
㶮ʲôǿǡ
ǷأһĲ꣡ǵأǣ̫ˡ
¸Цǰв֪ʲôʱһĶġ
㡭ôҲǣ
Գɫ䣬û뵽һֱԯĸӹŮˣȻߣ
죬ɱɱǣ
Գ̲Σգ̴
۹ͬʱ֣еĽ磬ֱӱԯͷ¸衣
ԯһȴǿĵײ졣
Ⱥˣʲôˣʲô֣֯
ѰͨˣֶΣһʮҲ
£ĽգǵļˣǿϧҪǷҪƳ˻ˮҲˣ֮ǰľ治
Գ̴Цһ˦һʡ
ѾˣɱٺһΧɱ˷¸衣
¸ǷѾԳ̸оһ˿Σ
ԯɫ΢䣬񵲿Գ̵Ĺ۵һ䡣
Ƴ֮ǰʿ㣿
Գ̹һЦٴλӵϣΣ
ԯȻ׺һֻûæ
ѹԯ䲻ŭ¸边ȻһСපлء
¸ԣȻЦһӣը죬Ǻ˲䱻˳ȥԶ֪
Գп¸ʵƺ
Ȼ¸һԾӳԳɣ쳤һߣӿէ֣ſڱԳ˹
-

47 ɱ

飡
ԳӦֱӶǻɣ类ɽʯײͷѣ˺ѵʹ˲Գ̲ҽвѡ
㵽˭
ԳҺֻϧȴģֻǷ¸һޡ
ʶ˵ΪԶԼ֮ϡ
ѹ֣ѹԼʵΪߡ
Գ̲תܡ
Ȼ˵һʼӶӲοڣ
µԳ̵ͼ¸˦ӣסԳ̵ĲӣֱһԳ̱סɶأԯԳǰ
¸軹ɰԯˡ
ۼȥԳĸβ־岻ѣȻȴģ򶨵ҿǳ͢ܣɱң˽ֹ̣ϻ¼ɣѶڿڡ
ԯޱ飺ϻûбɱõˡ
ԳĿѣңԯ䣬ҶңƳǵİղĺãǧָ
ϾƳ̫أװô꣬ǸһΪ񡱵ĺù١
ƳǰյУʳĸԻֻع
ͲԯΪɱʧġ
Գ̵ƺ޿˵ɵģ˭ţ˵ҸƳǰ¶ƾһ֮ʣ˭ţ
¸ȴøbbԳ̲ϵıȻ
Գɫ͵Ǻ죬ѪӿȻȴһ˿ûи˫Ҫޣֻɲǣ
Գ̵ţôɣôڣΪʲô˻ǻɱ
¸𳤱޿һԯ䣺ˣɱģ
ԯҲǼΪԾ¸ĹȻȻҲŹԳ̡
¸ĻЦҪΪұԴ˾ְأȴǿϧˡ
¸蹴ЦȴҲνȫ֪ɱΣ
ԯ
Σ
¸΢ԳһѶϣ²ôˡ
ԯֵãԳЩˣΪλִڴˣ
˵Ƴﻹܣ¸ЦЦؿԯ䣬òϣͷίʵ
лûУһ֪̽˵ʲôң
¸һڸոգײŸﱻ󷨣һЩƸͨʶҪô
մ׵ָ㣬¸ҵۡ

ԯɻ󣬿ŷ¸վŵλãʲô
Ľ
ԯȴԼԭıȻЩԯü˷¸һۣʮ͸صס
ʱһơ
ԯγȻƾյһӤȭͷСӣ¸ʰӿ˿治ɫ
巽󡣡
ԯĿʲô巽󣿡
Ȼ÷¸ԭĻҪصĶöࡣ
ӷһϵ£ǸղһĻͦģƫƫԴһ֪ǰա
ԽھԽԼԽԽԶоǳġ
˵ͬĵطܴ巽Ƴǡ֮һ
黹ԶԶû꣬ԽԽˡ
¸ƽؽͣʵ򲻹Ǹһ׵Ļʵԯ䲢֪֮Ծ¸ԽԽңԶΪ˼Сҡ
Ƴһϸһ䣬ȻĻڻû֮ǰ巽ڣ¸³£䲻£ҲʥĸΪǡ
֯ɣȻΪһ֮˽ɱһǰգɥ£ͼС
Է¸ֻŪףµı󣬵ΪʲôɻҪʲô
֪¸ͼԯԸƽشӣͼλ̫ҽؾ˸¸һ
ͩҲ£ȴԯܾ
ɻôûʣǻҪ򣬱ڣֻܽˡ
ذۡ
ԯɫѵˣǲӦøѾˡ
գҲֲԯ䣬̾ĸһؾ
ǰӺһѡ
ʵ֪ôΪһֱŮɫҥз磬ʵҲȻָʲôɵáźá

¸죬һȻ˵ģг첻١
˳㻹ԯһζ
ֵܣรɡ
ı֣û밡
ߺԯ⿿¸ʵšͬ˵ʲôˣ
¸ʼ磺û˵ʲô֪
ǲı飬ԯô룬Ҳ˵ڡ
롣
¸͵һЦ룿
ԯ䣺
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48 ٻ

ºü졣¸ԯʱ򡣶һԯë
ֹ޷ģҵԯ䣬ϲ¡Ŷܡ
и磬㵽ô£
ÿÿԯ̲ס𣬷¸趼һﲻ߿
Ŷûʲô
ûʲôûʲôйˣ
ģ¸裬

ԯҲûõҪĴ𰸣޺޵Ķ˷¸һָۣ
ǣԴԳ̷ԺƳҲʼƽϢ
νڣʧƳǣƳҲʼ𽥻ָ
ҪɻʲôĿģ
ԯʡ
ɲΪһ鷳ķ¸ǵģֻΪƺ
¸ǺһЦ»湻˽ҡ
˫ۻҪ˵ӣԯĵһֹ򶨵һƲͷС㻹ǻ롣
¸һȻ˶Ǵӣ
պ
ڵƳǺĵһ֮ҹ
¸ˮӣ΢վһȻ˵ˣɡ
Ƭ̺ԯ߳֡
ҹģֻûʲôù¡
ķǣ¸ֹ
´ҹ˯žһɹ𣿡
˺ƤԯһϰΪı֡
ʹ󷽷վ࣬¹⡣
ʱһ»֮⣬ɢ㣬Զ˵˵ۿƣˮա
沨ᾣѤ
ûѤ
ԯΨһ뵽ľʡ
ؿ¸裺ӵ׾ʲô
Ҫ˵ԯΨһĸдǾǣûغͷ¸һ𣬶ܷһЩͬѰͼֲˡ
¸ҡͷô֪㵱ɰ㣿
ǿ˵׼ԯ뿪Цĳɵõշˣ±Ҳ̫⡣
¸⻰ǿ
ԣҪλɰˣ϶һ˾ôŵ㣬
ԯܸо⻰лʲôû
һǱҪмˣ
λɰ඼ҪӴж࿴֮ġꣿ
˵̫ж
жжƨ֪²

֮ǰΪ巽һ£¸ô׼̽飬ް׻ѪĸӦ
¸һ·׷Ŵ׵ĸӦƳǰһ򡪡ٻ
ٻͬһǰٻˮԴ֮ء
»֮ҹһۣӵס
¸ԯϵʱǡɷڵ˾ڴ˴
˱֣Χס
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ڣ¸üԭԳ̱ȻһνڣȻǿɵˣ
ǰ˵ݺԲ
ʱ¸ɾǡ
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ԯ˫üһʹ㲻ʲôӣҲȻñϵŮڻԼ¡
ս¸ǰѽѪڣÿܸоѽܴϵ
ƺʲô
ǻʲôɱ٣
¸ʶɨһ£Բһڣжʮߣ󲿷ֶڣĸΪһ֮ϣ۷ʵ
һ֮ңɵ𵤡
һͻƽ𵤣֮½ϣ˵԰һϾϵߣɲࡣ
ָʮ¸Ҳֲʿһָһ֮ңʧ֮ǧ಻ݡ
ϧ
Ҳôһ
ֻҪûᵤ¸谵ƣȫԸпһս֮
СbossңĽ㣬ǣסɡ
ϾආҲڵʿԯ䲻ǸˣҲɱߡ
Է¸˵ǣסɣʱɱСboss˾ͺá
ԯ䲻˵ġʲôҲˣ˵ආȥƽǸ
һʱҲ˵кθпͻȻãһпܳԽԼŮˣʵе
Ҫ̫ˬ
ԯһ֮ѹȻ֮±Īһů
Ȼֻʱģһգǿ󵽽¸֮£Ϊһˣĥİǡ
áԯԥ

-

49 ɫ

Ҳ֪ԯʲô칦齣ֱһ򵱹أĪġ
ѹƵһȺڵɾ
˵ʵ¸趼ЩȣȻӲߣֻΪ͵ڣҲܱͨȵϵġ
ȻҲûжʱע㡣
Ӳһ۷Ϊͻƽڵʿ¸Ҳѹܴġ
ʹƲ٣ԽɱҲûôס
֪ΣǺƺҲû뵽һڣȻҲͬڡ
ҪôߣҪȻر
һ㹻졣
üëһ㵱ֻǸɢޣ
ĪǱɶˣϹóûڵĿӣ
ôţ¸贽΢ֻȽϺöѡ
ߡ
һȫԸԸ¸衣
Ȼ˲ʶʱǾȥɣ
ղЩ֮ģ뽫¸Ϊãû뵽ǸӲԣβģҲûҪˡ
ȫ𣿷¸ǴЦһĨó֮ɫ
ҪʹȫźãԱԤûпɱ
ڷ¸ӣתóһѺѾͼЦ޴Ϊƾɱң
ٺãҲÿʹʵ
ü֮һĨɫɱɱˣҪԹ֪
ŴѾɱģ¸ԲŹɱһǧ˰٣ҲҪѶԷɵ
һΪ·ˣǣҲǡ
¸贵ɻ꣬˺ȻеΣա
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ֱһָצһԯ䲻۽ٳ֡
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ЦС˰ɣ
ԯŭǣޱвοв¸衣
ȴ˿û
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в
¸ָ˽
ӳɻú۷֮ʣԯûתһкۡ
¸ͬһ֣ɻץС
۰һˣ֪ãһԾС
ڳˣѾԯɱ˴롣µļܣļս˲ɢɢӡ
ԯһ۷¸衣
׷ǲ׷
ԯղűˮԣʱȻһˮΡ
йŹ֣
ûйŹ֣һԲ֪ˡ¸
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֪¸ʵ֮ϣȴʶ뽫
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Ȼȫǣɣ
¸ʶ֪ãۻǴ巽һ룬ʶд׾
¸ʵ
£Բʮ̱ɻΪɻңݲ
һ𣬶
ǷħɻɢҲҪǣᣡ
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룬ԯ¸ͬʱ֣Ĭ
ۻ˹һôһ˲ԥҲĻᣬϾ˭
ôһ˲ԥ˷¸ԯᡣ
һһңۻͱ¸ˣʱ˵Ķ֣Ƭ̣滱㱻¸ñס
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ˣ󡣡
¸һƻʯͷһһеһӤȭͷСͨ巺źӡ
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౦ˣ̲ž޴ܵǣʱѵģ˵Ҿܽˡ
¸費ԥ౦ų䣬һֽ͵ǰ
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౦С۾գգرжˡ

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50 ͲҺ㣿

౦ˣ̲ž޴ܵǣʱѵģ˵Ҿܽˡ
¸費ԥ౦ų䣬һֽ͵ǰǻʲô˰ɡ
౦С۾գգرжˡ
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౦û˵̽ӣˣҪƿٹþܽˣҡ
˵ֻص䵱Уרͻȥˡ
ۼһеԯ䣬ŴһԲʶûС
¸üô·ҵءͲҡɱڣţ
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㲻ᣬȷš
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ͬԯ˵ûɱ˼Ҳǰĵԭ
¸ҷ˼ǸĴˣԯ֪̫ˣӦɱڵġ
ôţᡰ
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ˡ
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¸˳ǣģҪײҪöأҲá
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Լôģ
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׼ųʱãػ°빦
ԯ䣺
ǲǾͲӦöһʣԼԼӡ
Ȼ¸趼ô˵ˣԯûƾܣԥؽҩ̳븹
¸üͲҺ㣿
Ǿ仰ĺңαضһ١
˵꣬ԯȻɫ䣬˲ͷ󺹣ڵʹ಻
ͺλͷӱѹһ
-

51 ϴ

ԯ֮ǰжÿÿʹ̣ʮ֮һҧԼ
¸һôѹ
Ҫȴ״ϣҪˣϴ跥磬򹦿һ񡣡
һҪԼͦȥˣ
¸תͷһﲻ
ſڷ¸űߣ¸˳˳ëӿռóӵһеõӣף֪ʲôô
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еĶ౦ǣȻ֪Ǻö
ţĿǰһţһŸ˶౦ã㣬Կܲܽ
׻ͷԵ΢΢ң
¸ЦҲĳȻ౦Լ߳Ѿͬˡ
౦ҺҪĻ飬ܲܺ˱˰ɣģԺ󵫷еģһݶ
׸жĲУʹǼ⣬ڷ¸ϲ˲䣺ллˡ
Ȼӵ¸轫սӵ
ԯȥȥֻ֪ʹѣһҹ
콫һĨϼȽȽ𣬷¸һҹתͷƳ۲಻ٳ鴤ԯ䡣
񣬾
ԯһһֱ͸ˮ𽥺ɡ
¸Ŀתʹԯ䣬ظ֪ϵĳֱ仯ڸıÿһǴ壿
ʱԯӿ¸Ȼ˲ͻƵ۷塣
Լ֪ʲôԭ򣬾ȻôɾͻƵ۷塣
оҡ
¸ʼ磬ԽԴĽָҲͦġ
ֱѴ󽫣иԯ۷·ˮ춯
С
Ķ
ζԯԼϿ˿ʶ·ͨһˮ

ϣ¸Ц
ʱԯ̽ͷ¶ˮ棬˴ϵࡣ
ʲôöڿԸˣ
¸ЦƲ
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ԯ䵱ȻϢܵԼƽ׶һ
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ԯо÷¸˵ǺöģӦþô򵥶ѡ
¸һۡ
˱˻ԣԭֵһֹһԾǧǵҩϴ跥磬ǿȣ֮ǰڣ֮ǰĺˣǿӦԣһʮû⣬ϴô˶ȥˡ
ԯЦ
ǣڸв֪˱ô컯Ƿ飿ôأ
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ԯü뿴ԡֱ˵ǣͳ
˵ջһһǰߣ¶װţ¸࣬ƲۣһӸһ·
á
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ȥģ߰ɡ
¸蹾棺ҿûһֱţٳʲô£ҿɲ𡣡
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¸΢΢ףţӦû
ģǵʲôˣҪʲôڣҪűأ
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Ȼ¸ɫ㲻µô
ƾ̣¸ɣϵ
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ǸҲ֮һ
ò̽԰ԯ䣬Щ²ܼģҪͷĻüϣ
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ˣûлͷ
ԯؿ۽˩һˣô
-

52 ⶼ

¸贽΢䣬촽ϵ˵Ĳģԯ䣬ĻᣬͲҪòҡ
͵أԯȵĴӡ¸裬Եᡣ
һǼա
ڣҵģӲġ
¸಻֮ˣԯ⣬ոᱡǣѾǾʬˡ
Ҳˡ
Цݽ󣬷¸һЦҵģԯ䣬Ҫҵˣģҵģݲһ˿һ۵㣬ѣһµ
شģƵһ䣺·ң֪վüģʱǱõ֤
ǾĿԴ
£Яʮָۣһ·ֱǰ
ⶼǡ
˵뱶.ƳǽȻͬհҵֵƽһƬ͡
Ϊΰٻͷⶼͬ巽ƳҪȫǰյȴκ쳣
ջڣԯ֧ŷ¸ѯʡ
¸ҲǴӴ׿е֪
ƳҲ巽ڣҪ׼ֻҪͬʱ˲Ϳ̿
ԯͷⶼǵ󣬲
¸ջ
ԯü΢Ҫסҿջɣ
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¸ỺѰҳʱΣյӡ
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ԯ˲ף׼ųߣ㡣
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ԯƤһ飬Ȼشսڻǲ
¸һƷɹȥԯסЦҲẦߣ
ԯͬ´½һ㣬¸һſԴЩŮҽߵģδ
ԯ䣡
¸ҧгݣһϣԯſ֣һȳһյһߣأȳ˱պЦиеķ
¸ߣҿû˵Ҫ޸㣬ԼүӲҪƤϵ
ˣԯ䲻㳲գѵõĺƢƺǰܶʮĺƢˡ
˵Ķԣ⸾档
˺ƤǸูڣɲĽ£Աˡ
ô¸ԯʶסֵЦġ
ôĻֱӴһ
ȥߣеô
ԯЦȥģ
.Ժ

콫ڣܽԷﲻɫЦ¶ǡ
ԯڷ¸󣺡ȥ
¸ƲĿתôڴɻȥԼȥ
Լȥ
û˵ҪȥˣƸ֣߰ɣµܣ
˳ֹֱͷ˸۶¸ҧҧˡ
һ֪ףſڵĹۡ
ѽӣ
ԯţ˲ܺü޲ȥŮˣǷ¸ǡš
ӣһūС䣬ūźôӡ
¸ü۵бһЦð
ӳһӣ̧˵°͵źúˣү͡
ǸСĹüЦ顣
ѽүû
.ʱ֣ѿ첻סЦϣүλ㣿
¸ϧӳһӸ.𱣺Ҹķ䣬үҪС
.üɫ裬־ɣɣү롭С䣬кÿλүȥһŷš
˵ղɫСʹɫСᣬЦ
֪ˣӣū
§ŷ¸ֱ·¸ҡӣЦŨ
Ů˼Сӣôһأĵشսԯ䣬˿һģȻǮ
ѽӡūź
ԯһ䣬磺ŵһȺŮ˱ᡣ
ӣҪ
䣺ʲôﲻ⣬в
׷ɢ
ԯһڷ¸󣬽һŰ
ȥǻҼҵܵС
¸бô󷽣
ԯ֮ӣüë΢Ůô㿴ȵúܡ
˵ӣСܳȥͨʱƿο˸ŮˣɴƵ֡
ʲô
ǣͷƻ
ȵֵġ¸ϵȣһһϵ
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53 ү

ʱСˮϸˮ
һˣ¸ֳ޵ãҲǻǰ֣
ԯˡ
¸Ʋ
ҲˣҲˣʱ磬ǲҲûˣ
¸սԯ䣬Ųӵأˣ翴֣
ԯһֻֿ֪ɿĪң
𶯣ڿӣƼˣֿɾûˡ
ԯսֱۣν˿۽ۣ¸ۣѹһȭȥĳ嶯һЦԯǰŮ֮ơ
ĳ۵һ
˵֣
¸Ŀ߸պö׼䴰ڣ¥Ķ¥ҲŴ¶һǺۡ
տȥĴ˲ϣ¸ʶջߣǴݾߵʱ
¸迴ԯһۣٷϻſϷ
ԯԴɫá

ôһ֣ǻЩǡӰɣͬ˼.ɵĶ롭
λĹӷԸϽ׿˼ֵĺ쳾С
˳¡
ƨӻǮģ˵˰˾˰ˣүҪ˲أƲүɣ
.սսֺãܰүʲôʲôūһܲôɡп̫ͣ㰡Ҫһܲͨͨڡ
ɤż󣬳ɤ˿ãͨڸƨ֪Ĺ˭ôƯųȥˣôţүԼأ˵ʲôûãϽг
һŷԽԽ.סǸүźᲽߵǰһ߿ԯͷ¸ڵİ
С˻
.ֶز˲亹үүпͣҪ

ү.һѣݣĿ׺ݵصԯͷ¸衣
СӣʶԶ֡
үǰɣ
¸Цˣ´ǰЦֵүһΣĵģ˹ˣһ˳͡
ôСӣүǿǣҪʵ뿴үȥүķ俴ϸƤģȻȻÿĻô
Ϊүģ֮ǰۻԯ΢ü£Ȼ¸⣬ֹ

ǲ뻵˷¸ļƻժԴýԶʰģָһ
үԭۣⶼҲСŵ㲻öߵĲΣͷߡ
Դԯ䣺С˵ʲôүû
ˣڿ²˵˵˾ӲԯʲôԺյǸˣ¡
ǿѹͷأοдˣǷͬһ㡣
ԯ䲻ŭЦ
˵
۳عЦһȺûУôһЦ
˷׷ӦŲм֮Աǣɲǣ磬ǸСʰף˭ⶼһԣ
ԯŭЦС
ⶼһԣܺãүǰɣܷԱţñҲʶʶ
ΪˣŲӵÿүгۣүĴ磬ׯĹ£ⶼλķ֪֪ׯӿɲʲô˶ǵģ
ׯԯȻʶⶼԼķأׯɲլô
ˡ
ⳣۣԴˮô˰죬Ǵš
¸뵽ȻʹЦԯӸҲסˡ
ׯܼҵĵܵܣ磬Ǽʶˡ
ԯšü۵䣬۵ûɵش˸¡
󣬴磬զͻȻವأеа԰
һĹȥƨ۾аˣģ治֪˭
˭ûȤ֪˵ǸʲôڽӴĴҵ֪˭
ӵĳŭѣһС浱Լ̲أҲҳ۷缸ɫ
󼸸СܲЦСӲۣ˭ãⶼǾû˭Ǵӡ
ȵȡ
ԯ̲סʱ¸輰ʱͣ
ôţ֪ˣˣǹүǰģүҲδء
û˵꣬˱ԯһ߳⣬Ŷ߶ȡ

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54  

ŵòᣬۼԯǰۻ֮ºţ㡭ң֪֪˭ǿǽµСӣ׹ݣ
ԯһ˲СӣǷ¸迪ʵ
֪»δȢɣ
ûȢޣСӣ˵ŽҲޡ
Ѳɴ󣿷¸ͷԯ䡣
ԯҧгݵ͵͵û㲻
һ治֪ȻСˣλǲҪ
ֵ۵ˡ
˵ˣλǽСӣʲôʱССӣ
ðһ˿ң󡭡󵨣׹˵ܼģ
شģǷ¸һЦ
׹ݰߴϵġ
䣬ڵֶŷźȻ򿪣ۣô¶˵ǻ
ⳡ棬굽ĻӲ˻ȥŤͷһӲɳ
㡭㣿ôҲ
¸һ飬ôʶһ߹ȥ
٣ôⶼǣ
ˣڵĶӣǷүӵӣǰսɳʬ޺ûþͲˣСӣֻȷ¸С¡
ү縮ȴǰˡ
ԼĪСû˰ɣ
һķʽ棬УٿɲǸƤӣСʱûٰᡣ
¸Ｋãԭļ΢һͰϳˡ
Сӣøҽ¸ɫʮֲÿ
겻СӵԽˣð׹ˣð˭ãƫƫðԯСӣҲв
ԯɫô֪㻹иôĵܵܣ
¸ͷ۲ѣ¡
΢һᣬԯ׹ˣڵĶӣ̫үӡ
ѽ㣬ⲻǡ·ôλǽɣС٣һֱء
һһûѷ¸ĳү˽ġ
ԯ΢΢ףš
Ǳˣ¸һֲۣ´ôţ
˵һӦ
Ų⣬ȥ˵Щˡ
һŰŶԯ߶ˣ¸һ˸ڶŷԯ
ҰװĳһţװˣϽ˹ɡ
ۿɥСܷʱǸ߰ǲҪô
¡Сӣλǽ£
زٵģŵĵҪˣȶֱת
ղŸɶ͵سԼһƣ׻˵úã
ûٴۣת˰
һݣͱ¸趢ûþ¸㡭
¸㲻߰˳
˵ΪʲôⶼǣΪʲôðСӣ
Դôָ᷸õĴ
·¸ټŽ͡
ôðģѵ¸㲻һԣôᵥһ𣿡
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ε֪һģղĻƺһҲȣ֪һ
ôε֪ôģ
ˣˡ
¸һˣʲôǶ᣿¸ʵ
׸ոһӵоǰϢܲȶﻹԭϢʮа˾Ǳʿˣʱ䲻
˵ģҪ𵤣´Ԫȣպɵԭһ˿ָ꣬ΪƱزöԸ
ڶ˵ģʲôˣ
˼˵ҲǸʿԣóڽˣ
¸輸Ѿȷǰġ١ǵзѡ
ò֮ˣûӽԯ䡣
˹٣ȻǶ˽⣬Ҳ⡣
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Һԯ䡭ɡ
ʤ㡭
¸ָ΢΢£ͻȻ⧲һ
ƺûϵôʶԼҺԥض֡ԼᶨĺɳǸµ
Ŷӵ˼һƬ
ðȻôͷˣСˡ
¸һʱϳĻ
ȻǳƳ֮ʱһĺۻ
Ļûɣ
ܴϧһأɡ
Ѿͻƽ𵤣۷壬֮½ϡ
ɱ׾٣
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55 Ǭ

Ļ֪¸ƲСʮ㣬ҲûС
һγԹĿԵͷ
ԯ΢һתӣԼˣֻǰ٣Ѳԭ٣˵νڷ¸ǰ
Σ㲻ö֣
ٵƤңҾǣ壬¸Զˡ١ֻº
¸ҡͷûô򵥡
ڷ¸ΪؿҪˮһսʱͻ
ͻȻݲ֮ˣֱӶȡٵ١ĻûУһ˿Ԫûߣһһ˲ɢ
˲Ʋ˷¸һۣתʧ
ԡʲô¶
һ£Ҳ÷¸ˣˣĵӴģ಻׺һڡ
Ϊ١һ£·¸ԭļƻ̣Ҳû¸ҲգʶˣϻûӴܡ
ϡͿһ٣ֻȥţ˯
֪˼ƻԯҲûûȤʵʵһ˿ջϢ
˯ǰӰһ
һɽһɽߣӾ£һˢ֪ԽԽԼ۽ж͡
Ҳûľˡ
ա
ԯǰδе̬ڷ¸ǰ¸迪ʼһʲô
Ϣ˿δ䣬ҪΪҲʲô˸
졭ܲ԰
ڣǼ鼴ԯ䶥Ȧ籧Žվſڶ
ʲô¶˵ɡ
ԯѡżɽԯдмأ಻Ϊ֪ʿˣſɷܡ
¸üģԣ
ԸɷңǷҲǴеһԱ
µԯܸ˵¸ҲҴţԴ󷽷ˡ
ҽӴҲ࣬ѧĶҲǻԵɺϵ˴УԼһ·ģģҲ˽⡣
ԯˡ
Ͽڣ˵Լˡ
ٺ֮ǰֵˡ
֮ͻȻֻɱٵˣ¸Ϊ
¼Ҳ˵ٵĸ׺ϣԣָʲôΪ֪أⶼ޹ء
˶Ĭûἰ
ô˵֪ģ˸󱦱
ûεӣ÷¸޲ӿ۳ϴϴ
ĳү裬ԽԽµˣб̵ơ

ԯǺһЦ˳ƽ˳
˵Ļûеôų⣬¸ѵһΣκŵûС

ڷ¸˵ĴУԯһ˿̽ĵ뷨ûУĻԵЩ£֮ңʧ֮ÿ
ԭƻûɣƺݾˣ˵׼Է׼ױץѱ
аʧȻִݾߣԯ·¸ΣգϾǹ׶㰵ѷ
ļƻбء
䲻ȵ̬ȣ¸¡
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ԯʧЦǡ족øѾͷƽϣôüꡣ
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¸һ㵹ͬıϡ
ºڷҹɱ˷Ż죬ͽ
ԷĵϸȵҪʰ
ԯ˼ǣǽ׼ЩжҵˣƱػ֣˳ϣֻȱڡ
ⶼǱϾķأЩˡʲô
¸ͷͬ⡣
ãͽ䲻⡣װҲҪװһ񻰡
ԯ۵׳磬һЦ
ҹ
ԯ䳯¸˵ͷƿϷ¸豧СĴ׽
֮࣬¸軹治óԯ͸ˣдСڣָҵġ
ǰ˹թģջ󷨣۾Ȼǿջƹ񡣡
ԻΪ󣬼ֱħ֮
Ҫɱƹ񣬲󣿡¸ʡ
׵ͷûƹҲ޹
ԯ·¸ĴԥԶӧ֡
ɱںһ
¸üҷƣɱ˶ѣֲȾѪȣֻ룬Է£ԻΪģĿΪΣͲǿջƹͻȻ뿪ⶼǣϾ㲻㣬˭Ҳȷջƹһߡ
һƫ룬ᷢʲô˭Ԥơ
ȻˣΪҪһ٣
ôһ˵ԯȻʶĪǡ
ϵˣ
ڲ뵽δЩ̫ˡ
ջӿˣǴӿջڳģԭջǸӣΪ͡
ڶǬȺʱˡԱŵģͷһ
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56 

ԯɫ΢䡣
˴£ֻΪҶˣɸ߿ˡ
µԯ벻ͨͰ׻ʮꡣ
ԭ̤ⶼһ𣬾ѾȦףһһڶԷƤӵ¡
Ϊ׵ĺɤɳƣ֪ˣǿΪ֮
¹ǫˣˣߵλǺǣɲѰŮء
ԯüë壬Ȼǳŷ¸ġ
ٷϻϡ
һ£һ·׷׷ӵԯͷ¸ٵͿ
ڰΧȦ֮ڣֹۣ͵أ״ӷ¸軳ȥһԾԭͣ׶೤Ĵ׻ɷ硣
ΧѾǲ½磬ջȫ룬±˿
һ˹ȥҧһڵСʿ˦·һƬ
Щ齻ңˣȥԸǸ
¸辪ȣ׽ˣ
۷ޣСˡ
⣬ýֶ˶
¸û֣ǬмܣغԺԽľ
ͬ۷ʵ¸ԽɱˣǬδء
¸г֣ƵǬڽڰˡ
ǬвʣƵúúõģһò·¸裬˺սҲϿû˴ôʡ
Ĵ׿ʿոԯĬһһ޴ɱķ
Ǭ֮£ҧѪѪΪǿп󷨣ըⶼǡ
¸һ֪á
ԯ䣡
ԭסսֵСආʱʱע¸ԯ䣬ᣬڱǬһ˸͸
Ǭ;ʩϣɣһѪ۵һƬɺ졣
ôᡭ
ˣȻ
˵Ǭδԯû뵽ȴ
ǬһԪû¸һס߬
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ףޣ֪ʿԪ̲
Ǭ۾͵ϴȻҪιޣ
ʿɱ衣
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֪ϧòϷˣҿԸᣬҡ
Ǭһѱ䣿Ͷ㣿ƾʲôƾ۷ʵ
Ƿ̣Ц۷壬벽𵤶ѱ䣬δ̫쿪
¸Ҳգôң֪Ҵ۷壬˶ã
ǬмЦһ
͹֣Ůָǻ˶õϹװۡ
¸²뷨ЦˣҲǶᣬĵȷȷʮ꣬δǣ񣬻ꡣ
ꣿǬɴۣôܣ
ǰδţٺãҲҪꡣ
֪ţ¸ֵŲ㣬Ҳ֪ˣѡֻɢǩѪΪһԸܣʵǸʦô
¸Ųշ֮ǰѪǱģֻҪ΢ͷͻ̻ɢ
ʦǬ˶ɵġ
֪޽磬ʦָĴڡ
Ҫ֪ʦζʲôԴԴϵֲҩһöͿӽĳɹʡ
ʱʧ֮֮ǧ
ΪԽߣԽ󣬸߽׵ĽмУ
ڵʦǸڸɣԼԴ
һ߽׵ʦ˵һӦ
Ǭ⶯ɾƭϵ
ǵʦ
мٲɣ
¸跭óһƿƿ޹ޣһ򿪣ֵͽףн׵ҩĿǬôãûһԼô൤ҩ
Ȼǵʦôôġ
ôֻҪǩѪЩġ
գԯһԿüë΢
ҪôҪôԼѡ
Ǭתתҧһ۵ҿԸ㣬ҲǺǵģֻŻ֪鲻ࡣ
¸ۣһŻ۷壬ڣԶģҪǿడ
ν֪Ķ˵ģд㣬ˣѪˡ
¸ſǬǬԪŷ¸赥ϥ¹򣬿дʡ
ǬԸΪѪΥݣɢ
ԼѳɣѾǬѪֻҪ˿֮ģݡ
¸贽Ц
Ȼˣȥѡһ˶˰ɣġ
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57 ɽ

Ǭ֪ô
¸ͷǬĹͣȻעǵжһûҪ֮ʣһʥĸԵĴ
κһ뿪Ǭѱ£Ͷסˡ
Ǭɱʣµߣ߷¸ԯѾ󷨣ͬһöͨ巺ڵӣϧգԥ޴һ¾ͻᱬ
ӣ¸迴ǬúñչأԪ׼𵤣ʱһö
Ǭһϲ𵤿ɲҪ׵ģ˽ɹĿԸЩ
лӡ
¸ͷǬҹʰս·ϵĴԯҹ뿪ⶼǡ
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Խ¸ԯĿȷǣҲʡĴ׺ķӦ
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үģٱǣСүˮ
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·ҿԣҪӴ˹·ƣ
൱ϤϲеĿף¸趼Ҫ̲סЦˡ
ԯ䱾Щ˷ϻߣҡ
׼Ӳˡ
Ϊ׵ĺ󺺼˲Ųæϣ룬Īˢӣˣʮˣʲôңĵ
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ԯ䣺
ȷǹģ
Ҫġ
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¸һۣȵ죬ٷϻԴҡ
û뵽˵ˣӻôСѵɵĲǰԴϵĻƣ
ԭΪçʲôģӦöԴ֣ʽģֱˢۡ
ұôһţȻػعζ©㡭ɱǣ
ǾҪʲôˡ
ĵ˰أˣϺڳԺڵˣŸղһҲûǸӸҷ
սսŷ¸ԯɽ
·ԯѯʣɽйŹ֣иҪĶ
¸ѹ֪˵ɽж۷޵ģӦǺö
ԯһȻ˵ıտڲˡ
ֱִկſڣſڵɽ˼Ҵ˻ò޿ˣЦһϣǡ򣿡
ȻǺկһҽᣬٵãһֻҪԹԸӣҲҪɱ˺
żҲЩ֮£Ȱ˰ˣвһǹԹдŻȥüꡣ
µģӷˣһףӷҪݵģǡǿɾ͹ֲ˺Ʊˡ

ڵתһȦңɱ¥ͷƶòǡţ
˼Զˣһ£ϳƤɫˣŵá
˵˵ɶλүɽկĹ֪ͣƨϽ
ڵɫһЦϣԲסˣûŶģλˣˡˡ
-

58 

ҲǸ˶ῴɫҸղǹ֪ˣ˾Եﲻá
׻ڴߴ٣¸ҲøСආһƽϣԯҪ

կ󵱼̷գǸȶһҪֿ񼸷ֵıδ󺺡
˿ڻƤҴͷβһ顣
֪ҵ˲õ˴ɽˣ̷ջĿһɣ϶㣡
ˣˣ˵Ҫʲô˲
Ҳ֪϶ӣ֪ǱƲѣ˿ǺկٺֵǣͲš
һӴֵܣһ۾Ϳϴʲôе㱻ƵĶһæֹ
ϴֻҪ˲ҪҪʲô۶ǰɡ
ʵǲ𰡡
̷Ъһ˵ô
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59 ޿

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˹Ȼд˵ѡ֮ˡ׵NΪԼȷѡ񣬸еҡ
ԣʲôô
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׹ⶼСģؼдıʵãɵ˶ʣʵ͵ģⱲӶпֹ΢һЩ𵤣ǧ˰ꡣ
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ް׻Ѫֻô֮һǣѣ
Ѫ˵лữγʥɽٷ
౾˲ͬɣֻѭ򽥽ɽپͿɡ
֮ͬǰ뾭ΣˣҲ޵ĵ֮Ľġ
ܵ׾ļӿ¸ժöӣ֮һ͵ǰ۲ôãЧ
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ãǾ͵ȶ౦Ժɡ
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ղѴ˵Ļһֲ©Ķ͹ˣĺôԯͬһ
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¸ҡͷǲһϴ跥磬ֻǸıľ磬ȷԴ˵ԺҲء
ԯһͬ棬һ˫ޣǱȴ֮ˡ
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60 

ԼĪӹ򣬷¸迴ɽһӰӣӰӰ´¡
һɲԯ䣬ϣһĨЦЦȼˣţ
¸ƲȲɽˣɵȡ
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ԯһôб
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Ťͷô׻ԭͣŴһϻŶ磬˭Ҫ
ԯüһգŵź΢΢̾
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Ŀǰλү׹Ļʷ⣬ǸеȳʳǲԶҪˮͷȽ϶࣬̽ΪƵӪóס
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˹·ѣ׾ͽ˳ǡ
ҿɫ磬ҸطԷסޣ
ԯ飬¸ͷԡ
Ƕ֣ؼȽϷ٣СһƬ͡
ջòǳǶĿջˣſӭ˵ĵСۼúܣһԯͷ¸֪ͶϢģæЦӭλӣǴס갡ǵʳ޽Կɡ
ԯһ䣺ס꣬׼һƲˣõġ
һǲǮϣλ͹߶룬Сģιá
ԯ䲻ϧӳһСӣСֵļۣлţԾǣջȥˡ
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ԽԽϲˡ
Ҳͽ°⣬һ˪Զ˳Բ

㷹춼ˡ
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61 

Ӧܾɢϣ깦򣬸պѲߵĹٲѸٸϹֳ
ڳ֮ˣԱվס˭ߣˣʬףڳˣͨͨţһһѯʡ
ڳ֮УҲԺ֮ˣң֪˭үھҪ뿪ССòҺΣ
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¸ᣬ΢΢ҡͷʾ˵Ѿйٲע⵽ˡ
ԯ䴹һţʮ˼Ŵã֪ҹá
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þ۾Ů٣˵ûˡ
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еСһһصĹٲȣͣı졣
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63 һô

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ԯͷȥ˵
صúԺ֮󣬷¸֪ԯ䣬ɱħ޺ܿһλԪӤϵħ޵һ.ǽˡ
ԯΣ޽ɣҲˣֻһߵڡ
οǵȻ㻻Ҳá
¸ᳰ˵ԺҶضĳħ޴ܵ׷ɱΣأʱܶģȷҪҼȥ
ԯɫһ䣬̹¸۽Ҫ˵ٴŻףţ
ϵŮˣȻˣҪһԯһݺݶס͡
һǼգԯſǯ֡
¸˫һУϸƬ̣һ
ԯ䣬һô
-

64 

¸һǣʮԼųԯ׽˵Ѿʶԯˡ
ն౦֮ǰ˵ӳͻƽ𵤣Ҫøãǧꡣ
꣬ԯɣܿͻᡭ
ѵüɫԯһЦ˵ʲôã˵ɣҪħҲĸԸ
¸豻ԽԽƤˣзһ
¸跢֣֮ԭյĵط𽥿ڶУǸӻ߽ףӦоС
ȡһĹӸԯ䣺
ʵкܶõģ¸ԴһϲͨҲ֪ʲôʺֻܴ忪ʼ
ԯ淭Ҳԣ֪
ۣԺָոտĶȻ䣬ǰķѣԯɢ
һ㡭
¸ѸڵĲǺ
ôˣ
츳ֱضãòֻ߲͡
⻹ôڣ
ΣԯۣһЦҸо࣬ͨ泩Ĺʵ
и㲻֪¸踹̡
ŻУȴպŰɣԼǿģҲ̲㡣
ԯǺһЦãģ
ɣԯҲõģһʼ΢Ϸ¸æ㷢֣֮ĲԽԽһֱոϷ¸ĽŲ
Ҳãʵߣվĵط֮¡
Ȼ֪¸ƢԲԸ˺󣬵õΪ˵ı
ôħɱ˶һʱǽˣԯֻǽħ޷.彻֪ݸã֪ˣͽҲѷ
֪һû˯ѵԺô͡һҹ֮ͽˣ
¡⣬ôһ£
ԯøϻڱ˸ɣ֪Ĵɻ󣬰ڽݣҲҶ˵ʲôֻ¡
Ѿǿɻָյ̫ƽˡ
ǻȸԾ棬ģڲڿ־֮¡
¸ԯҲ˳ҵĸƻϣڶ׼̵ǰһַˡ
ô᣿ħ޲Ѿ
ԯ䣬¸һۣѵ
⡭үһαڼУ״ɱ˰״һģһ
Īɱ˵Ĳħޣ
¸ҡͷᣬ֮ǰĵȷħΪֻһΡ
ˡ
ԯʱ߲ˡ
εˣ֪ݣӻҪ鷳һˡ
֪ݷͬĨ˰亹ʵ׼λүͼ
ǣүԸ¹ȥ졭
ͬߺԯ⣬ûԪ񣿡
¸ͷ
֮ǰǹˣɱ˶ǵףʵ
ǸյµǾʬ壬ǵڶΪҰ޵ġ
Եڶ֣Ǻֵģħޱڹȴû뵽ħѾɱˡ
ԯ¸ûпܡ
˵СηηҲˣԯ֮Աǡ
¸ʲôһء
һʬϣ΢оһ˿˿֮ħ
µͷܲܲ͵һӣȻѾˣǾͳ׽
;ϲԸ
ԯ۵һĨͣԽԽϲԸˣһıأԽھԽ˾档
˿ǱҲֻˣ
¸һۣԯ۵׸Ϸʡ
һô¸
翴˳ۣһһ٣á
ԯ͵һЦд裬ܲ÷⡣
պãҲһ٣¸ʵԶ֮ϣԯҲصķŲ֡
һ񣬷¸ƿţһϷԯ
Ϊβ֮ͥ£ĿҪһЩĺá
գۼ˶ɳ⣬һƬ֮䣬վ
ת˲¸ȶˡ
гһ䣬ԯγӭϣһ㣬ŷ¸ȥڿнƹ֮졣
¸轫ʵѹһ㣬ԯսԯոͻǺȶ
ȴǼǿ֮ǿ.̬һʱȻ¡
¸촽ھţΧ޵
䣬ԯᵽһɱǿϢȫ
ԼӿƱ㻯Ϊãʱţֻͨ泩Ҫйȥ


-

65 

ԯ䴽ǹЦоƺ
¸ù˼ˣԯ佣ƫ棬֮һ
֮ߣֱ̾Ϊֹ
¸簵զ࣬ɫԯһ
ֱˡ
յһʱҲﲻǿȰɡ
ԯƣأЦſ¸
Σ
¸ɫպϡֹǴպϣҪˡ
ֻĻˡ
ˣվ͵Ϊֹذɣ첻ˡ
ԯһЦˣ¸ͷһۣɵЦʲô
Ļࡣ
¸ߵ
ûǴĻҲϧ𡣡
˵ԯЦˡ
ĬС۵Ѿͷ
ظԯֱ¸ķ䡣
֪ݸţΪĪʲôرİã
硭з硭
֮ᣬ벻붼Ѱ
ֻǲ˵ڰˣ˸˽ۡ
⼸֪ݴ˶æӣѾϾ˼ҹֱţԭźˣԺֻз¸ԯסţҲ徻
ǽӶ£Ϊطĸ٣Ѵ̣ܲżϻ
µòɣĪаν͵ͨ˹
֪ݵһһԯ俴ȴδ㡣
Щ飬֪粻֪
ο²һСС֪ݣܹ˵ġ
һʱٴ঵С
һ콫ҹϨһ˿̻С
ֻǰգ֪ţʼĻŻţήˡ
ü¸ԯڰ̽飬ҲӰʧ֮ۡ
һη¸ڶµˣлһأȴ˸ա
ô᣿
¸һǺӰûˡ
Ȼûʵ塭
ȥųʵ
ոˡΪλûʵ壿
ѵǹȲɡ
Ҳ˵׼ɣ޶ˣħɶĳҲ
ѵô˸ѣվ˵ˣȷûʵ壬ܿǹޡ
ޣ
¸һԯ䣬ԯĪǹ˼壬õ
ǺҲ²⣬ɳһеġ
û׵ͷ˼ǵʲôѵãһ㲻мԹǷŲʲôִֻصġ
޲ħޣ㲻аħҲһɵõĹɣɱ˶꣬Ǿħˡ
ڴͬʱ֪ǱߣҲһСչ鵽ˣǱظ̣һȥǣ⻹ˣǮ󸣺Ϊ
֪Ǯ󸣺Ϊʱ֪Ǯ󸣸ոڼжΪʧٶꡭ
Īлй
¸ü
Ȼԯ뵽ʲôԣˡ
ǵ뷨ˣΪ֮ǰħޣΪаħаȷһ⣬ɱˣйϵûпǳɱʧѾõΪ
¸򴽣㻳ɣɱΪΪ֪ε˻Ե˹ޣˣ
ԯ˿ڲţûпܣһ֪
ǣԯ֪ݲ죬ԭһ׷Ǯ󸣣Ϊĸ̣ǰǰܣһͬϾʱΪ޹ʧһ鵽ס
˷򣬸Ǳ߰°빦ˣûչ򣬱֪ݻر˵Ϊ鵽ˣ֪ݲŸͷۡ
үѾ鵽ˣǮܸ֮һΪΪڽһλˣλ˵İ£ơ
Ǯ˲£ȻıɱΪʬҰ޶֤
ַΪĲƲϢǡ
¸ʣΪʧ٣Ǯȴ˻ˣû׷ʹҲû˱ô
֪̾Ϊǹ¶ԭǮ󸣼ӡ
һʧ٣˼ұ٣ȫƾ˼ң˭⡣
ҲΪ֮Ǯ󸣵ĻʵҪԭ򣬱Ͼ˭ԸⱻԼѹȥ
ˣ֪ݵֶˣ⼸ճͷҪˡ
үûʲôµĻ¹پиˡ
֪һߣ¸͵˵ʮа˾žΪΪô?
ԯüȻš
¸ʾͬУҲһԡҪֹˡ
Ǯ󸣵ˣȷΪһңֻã¸裬ԯ䣬ףֱء
¸ЩĵЩŲһͬȥ
ԯ䲻ֻǿˣҲûԸΪԼԸĳЩ˵Ķܹࡣ
ǵͷͬ⣺Ҳã÷̰еĲ춼ϣҸ֮һҲЩˣԷһ
-

66 벻ͨ

¸룬ûԡ
֪ݷ̲ҪʲôֻӲͷȥˣǮ󸣼Χһ硣
޹̶ҪŲסˣ컹Ҫɣϴ磬Ǹ˶ܲˣ
үǡ
Ҫ
ԯִûˡ
ɻʲôˣϵģܲܲôŻˣүҲôĥ˵ģ죬ﶼ
û˭̲סٿڣһ춯˶ϢۼһӰವһǮ󸣼ſڴǽ롣
⡭
ֹ
촽е㷢ˣү
ȥ
ԯһ£ͷ˽ȥķ̺һɲĭܡڽˣһиʲôҲˣֻӲͷƤȥ
źš
ԯѵһһ˲ŵŶŶ
ο׼õźͰһա
һ˲ӳӰıĿͷɢ˶ˣһֱԵ
Ϊ
ԯѿڶһʲôΪ
Ϊô
û뵽ںӰӷɬɳƣĵЦû뵽ϵңҲʶ㣬˭ڣһֻ־㡣
ԯǾԿ
˵ὣȥǱŭϣϵ¸
Ϊǹޣ֮ԯģСıΪָ⻮ˣ壬˲亮ƣΪһЦʹɱ֡
ԯ˺󼸲һǡ÷¸ϵһӲסΪ
ΪѣȴѲãŭ
ſңſңҪɱǡȥȥ
ʢŭ֮Խˡ
¸ɫ΢䣬ͻȻҪͻˣͻƵ۷塣
㲡Ҫ¸һٻס
ոոϵĴᣬɴ׻Ϊһ̳븹
۷ĹޣҲܲ
ԯҡμ£¸费Ὣ𡭡
ûǹ֡
ֻһߵС꣬һһװϵĳӱڻߵûȡ
һɲӶˡ
ᡭǽ²Ǹɣ
ȻҲ̫ˡ
Ҳһûһ֪ôﶼܱģһ̵ǹ
ôţǵĿֲԼͬƲ׻һŵһڲ㶪ۡ
Ҳ˭ҲûǸȥʡ
󡭡ˣڸô죿ͷƽǷ̵õʵ
˶ҪԶˡ
ҧһţ͵͵˾䣺ɡ
ּ׻ŤͷҲˣսսߡ

ԯ䱻ˣ壬¸ҹһöԪָøһԾڡ
ǲ˹ʺ˰ɡ
ڼʱ׿
¸ЦԼ𡣡
۷ʿἵһڣʲôЦء
йͺúһССھͰ˳˼ˣƤӡ
ԯɿڣ
˵óڣҲʲôȼðɡ
ӲڣȫԴꡣ
¸֣ˣѾˣǺúƺ׼һվ
ƺ£ȻҪԯԳ
¸ô˵ģ֪ݺһ۸һٱ֤͸©һǰ
ԯü֪һڣ͸Ρ
¸Ц棿
ԯȻ
¸ǺһЦһ䡰Ρﳤȥ
ԯ۲ЦСѾͷԽԽСˣῪЦֵѾͷǳǻ
ԯݵһ׷ȥ
㽦䡣
յ·ԶԶƼһ򣺡ǰǶˡ

ԯǣվɽң֪һΣֻᾭЩʲô衣
һ·ʮƵģĶǣЩǰʮЩĶǣҶᣬֱһᡣ
Ϊûڵפأɲµԭ򣿡
巽󣬶Ѿǻĸ˵ڲܺ޲ȴ֮֮ǲ඼ǰͣ׾پˡ
ֵħ޺͹ޡ
벻ͨ
ԯͷŵһȷʵ벻ͨ
Ǿٺú롣
ԯ䣺
ǣѧθˣܴ
ԯЦҲ¡һ·ڣǲûǵߣΪ֪ǳħ޺͹ޣԲŷǵ˳ߣ赶ɱˡ
赶ɱ˲٣²ֹô򵥣¸ѵ
ħ޵ĳֻֻǴɣڽ赶ɱ֮ƣΪȷǸһֵģײ˵һⲻףΪôɣǵ֮ΪŻ𡣡
-

67 ׽

˵
ԯȻΪĻڣ
һħǻȫģ˫գŪޣһڵͨˡ
пܡ
ԯһ
ضˮֻˡ
㲻ŽǣǴ֮͵͵ȥ
ǵа̫
¸贽߹ЦЦⲻ۵ף׼ģԡ׼ˣ
ԯһЦ׼˸棿
¸һۡ
ʵŽǵԭ򣬲ˣһ·ϸܵԼӿҪˡ
𵤰
ʵЩһֱûзǿŽֻµȲڡ
տҪɽ׽ˣ㻹ǾԶһ㣬µʱҲ̫ԶҲʿˣܴиһͻ
ԯ۵׻һĨǣ׽٣֮ǰɱΪԳɾͽ𵤴ƱҪ׽٣ԽÿһҪ׽١
һСģͻ
ʹҲܰ㵣ĶûС
ٵȵô
ȵͻ۷壬һɽ׽١
¸ʧЦȻˣҪס⡣
ɲţӻʲô⣬޷˵ǡ
ִˣԯҲ˵ʲôóƺڴԾԾԱ

˴Լգ¸һֱڲԶɽھĴԯڲԶʱʱػ
Ȼ¸˫ۣоƽɶ̴ԯ䣬ԶһЩ
ɽ¸ö
ԯҴҸϵʮ׿⣬Ƽ¸һտ֮ϥ
Ӧԯ俿¸ֻü˵һ䣺ԶЩ
һӣһ硣
ʱ䣬ܲ졣
ԯ΢΢Ŀա
ԭȻȫۼ¸ͷϿա
ԯĿת֮£һףֱֱ¸衣
¸粻㣬Դֿ֮ףѱɽ̿ģԾ˿δܲסĵ£ԯ伸ҪƲסĳȥ׽ˡ
ԯ伸ѾǷ¸ĸ룬֮ʶ
ֱԼĪʮ֮ԯŵ𽥷¡žͿˣ¸翴ȥƺУûɣ
ԯϥ£׽֮£ʼ
ñƿɶ¸˵ȻһԾͻڡ
ԯʱδͣϢ
ȻױԽ׳һাϳ¸衣
¸ȻһѪҧأ̲סƺߡ
ԯ伱ͣͬȹϵϣֱת
Ȼգһ׼ת֮£ԯסˣ¸裺
¸һɢһ
ԯȻֹۿӣһĶ¸ͷϵס
ģ
ʲôƨɽ٣еĻҪء
ԯ伸Ʋס·ʱܴɤ۶
һһꡣ
¸Ұһ׽٣ղһͷѪƺɢ˶Ŀڵᣬеǰأ֪Ļںء
ĬĬţѾǵʮһףʮ󹦸ɣһͻƽ𵤡
׽£¸㳹˼룬ֻƾ豾ܹرԴʯƺÿһëףڳʹ
飬ںǽ̿ȻĿ
¸һǿŲԼȥһʧȥʶɽʧܣɢˡ
Ľ׽ٶˣ̸ɴ
ԶԯǴҳǰһУ·ֻʣ·¸衣
Լ䣬¸ƺ֮ܵ͵ļСŽӡ
Ľ𵤣
ۼҪɹԽ
žŰʮһףһ£һΧĽƺˡ
¸赹ڵϣҲãˡͷð̡
ԯ侪˲õسȥ

ҿ׽һһ׽٣ԯڵΪȴֻµĽ
ô
ԯ΢¸ƿ³һڰ̣ȡȿȣûûء
ԯϲ¸
¸ո𶯣·ˣҰ·Ѹ㡣
¸裺
Ҫлл
ڣΨʣ°ʷ˸ԯĻգۼлһ·
˲ס
ԯһ˲ֵȻػָ̬
ϲ𵤴ɡ
¸ϸһȣˣˣ
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68 áз

ԯЦⰻȻи
Խˡ
֮ǰ׹ڲԶƥܾ֮ԶˣҺɽǳͽҲԶ
ԯȻ뵽վ٣ҪҪϢһ󣿡
¸ҡͷãһ޸ڿǽˡ
ԯ۳磬ǣǣǣҵĸأ߰ɡ

һƫԶС򣬲٣Ũأ¸裬ԯʮĴ磬ۣһ·עĿ
СǵƲһһݣһ𡣡
һҾ¥˲࣬ԯڴһǱȽϰĴѡ˸
Сز˺ȲӦϣλ͹Ժ󣬾ƲϾ
¸΢΢бԯЦף𵤣Сһ
¸ѵû
ʲôԯ΢Ѳ
¸Ȼҡͷ㼸ûԶˣ
ԯ룬šһ·ûôԣչأһֱûʲôθڣӦˮδˣ֣ƺûö
ʵͻѾٹˣοѾ㼸ʮ첻ԲҲܶ
ԯ侪棬治֪֮ǰҿһͣûϹ
¸Цǿڸ֮Ϊ˱ʵϽдñٹȣС
ͣȷ޼ɵ
˵ڸ֮ؿڸһ𳢱ζҲδɡ
һõĹá
ֹﻶĵı£ͦġ
ԯ䳶ǵñֺõģǵһҲΨһһ
ǲ٣¸Ц
ʢ²Ůɫʮа˾Ǻз磬ҵжš
СѾͷĨǵļƫУҲûˡ
һ򣬾Ʋ룬Сһˮ͹٣Ĺ𣬾Ʋˣλá
ԯϰԵݳһСӣһңСֵúϲ£죺л͹٣л͹٣ܷԸСˣá
ӣĹǮ࣬ĴˣһҲǼһΣ˴ˣСֵߵߣתȥкĿˡ
ԯ¸һƣٱһظɹɽ١
ԯһ¸Ҳضãԯֱ۵ס
ڶԤףҴУ쿪ʤ
¸ɫ䣬ٱͬʱһԼһ˳ԯϣȿڵ
ϲ˳
ԯ䷴ӦڴҸ棬һɾ¡
Ҫ
¸
ĳȴţƹѲ治ɫ
Ȼ¥űһţһȺ˳ֱ¸һ

һӣָŷ¸ӣˡ
¸šü
ԯͶˣҲģҲ֪ɺϣڵֱʡ
λ̨鷳ǰѻ˵ڮٱ˿ɲá
ԷΪˣǸʮͷ깫ӣڶطǶõģӦǴ˵ء󻧡˰ɡ
һɫСվ
СӣǹӿǷҴӡ
ԯ˿΢Ҵӣôô
Сƺƾһ£ǿװ򶨵ǵȻڶ˭ҵ﷽ң
С˿԰ٻıһϧе㲻Դ
Ϊ߻ʵԶؽǼӵˣ
ԯŭЦ
Ŷҵ治֪
շλŭ죬һյˣɫ㣬ˣ÷
ü۵ԣԣˣ
λӲɷ˵ָŷ¸֤֤ڣ㻹εˣߡ
ڷĻԺСˣĦȭƾҪϳ壬ԯȭŽ߷ɡ
֨֨أװ׺ݣ㡭ҲŲұץ㣬֮ʶЩԹԸһȥȢãҷұ㲻ƽϣȻĻ͵°뱲ϵɣ
¸贽ЦŪ˰죬ǿ׹Ǳɡˣ벻飬ȻҲܷϡ
˼ǣñ..ռ˱ˣҶôżĪѾ̥ȲˣҲ˽׼ϲ
û뵽˷Ӧ˿죬ͱƣϷŲסŭ˵˵ʲô㣡⻹֤ˣҲˡ
¸㱻Цˡ
һһʣô˿ң
-

69 

նῴλӡ
Ƿ¸һֱֹԯǽЩͨͨж˿鲻ɣȻǲ.ôĵӡ
ǲ.ɵҲֻ
ȿȡ
¸һѯʣǷȷϾһҧֲϸģʱջûˣȴҲŲӿ֡
¸ȻԷ䲻һơ
Ȼ¸һ䣬ͷѹ¥˶ѹ֮´ȹڵϡ
ǷӸɫҰףֻ¸ͳɤڵţҼȻˣûСϷʲô¾ʹͷ¶β֮
һ򶼻Σԯʶԣ䣬һ߼ٶŭ
ϸһˣѹָˡ
ԯ俴¥֮еˣҲķһˣ߶ͷڣһ
ǣ
ѵˣ˹ޣԯ𣬿¸衣
¸ղ֪ڳԾʲôҡͷûУûڻǻڣΪˡ
зųףʶ¸裺ˣơ
ƣ
׵ͷΥĽԻ֮Ѫ飬ӶֱѪɣ󷨣ɽ׼
û뵽ھȻ޵ˣֱ¡
ĪΪƻ巽ǲֶ񶾵ķӲȣ
ˣ
һ𣺡ˣǻǿӰɣ
ݵĽ֮ģ࣬ʲôǵġ
¸üȻô³ȻˣȻ
ȻԶһĴЦ¸裬ˣǵܾˡ
ԯü壺ʲôװŪ
¸һۣͬʱ¥Ȼ˽һ򶼱ģ
ԭˣֵˣɪĿġ
Ķ
¸̧һΧƶطΧһ磬´ԯȥһ𣬾󷨡
һӰֳԣۣѪߣݣֲŮˣһѴϣڰա
ڡ
˹Ц㣡¸裬øеңϣΪĹ巽󣬳Ϊɻ޵ϡ
˵ֿԯ䣺ԯǰɣҲȻֻʲǿԸĻᣬֻҪڣΪͽ
ԯмһ˺ߵΡ
¸ۣϢΣգԣ˵һ巽ʼƺ˵ģ
Ц¸裬Ȼûñʧһ·ĻѾˣɣΪĹԸǱԶ֣ţ
ԯ۵׷ŭ˫ָһ̧齣ϣһУֱ㡣
ֱ΢΢һ̧齣ʧ׼ͷһת䣬ֳԯȥ
ԯһһԾ齣ջµ⻹Ľ
֪ν
ԯʣҲʸԼΪͽһ£Ҫ
ԯ͵͵ɿóǺΪ
֮ϡ¸
ǺΪҲҲڽ֮ϣҲô˵ɾͽ𵤣ΪĻ
Ϊʲôɻ޵ϡ
¸˽ȭͷ
¹˭֣Ϊ֪
ȻһЦȻ˲ͳȫǡ
˵ֱһ̧һƾջԯӽնһ£þʮɹȴ͵һЦ
ֵܵ˱
ɡ
ԯսֽֽ
һԵķ¸Եȷǿ
ǿǿǷ¸һϰԡ
Ц¿ԵëѾͷʶʶʲôǿߡ
ƲԳԷƣȥɡ
ַתһźγһСУġ
漴һ̧һƷ¸衣
¸˫΢һתűתӿ۳һֱɫС
ύڰײžֱ졣
ת˲֮䱬ըһ˿δ¸赹һһǿȥ
ЦζΣڿ֪֮Ĳ¸裬ĽնǱ͸ģٹ꣬ҲǱĶ֡
ԡȥɣ
¸۵һĨɫɻŵߴ࣬㴽ЦŤָ
ָƣ¸ЦײκˣЦ
ˣھñµģС˱Ҳȥ㣬Ȫ·ϸ飬ժһָ
-

70 游һ

һͺȣָӿž죬ֱγȭͷС˦ֻ¸衣
¸սɻֱֱһָȫֵ
˲ƿϮһ磬֮󣬷¸ļԯܹȥȴһԶ

¸һĨǣû£ġ
ֿѾ㣬û뵽ȫһһɱ¸裬Ϊ׾ٵġ
û뵽ô
ˣֻһΣΣûôˡ
Ȼ¸贽һЦȫ˰ɣҲôڡֵˡ
㲻ţⲻܣ
ۿ¸˫һչգɻѾջأһգһէֵĳ𽥻Ϊʵ
ʵ廯
Ŀ࣬⡭ôܣ
Ÿոս𵤳ڣѾ۷壬Ҳûʵ廯
¸һЦĵƣ
ֵ˲䣬¸˫ֽգͷ
ɴۣʶԤевæֵ
̼䣬ȴѣ
ţⲻܣ
ֱ٣һѪӰе䣬Բš
¸衭
Ÿոս𵤳ڣλǿ˵ز
ӿŴӵվѪϴ
硭¸衭
ΣҲû뵽Լܸһ𵤳ڡ
һûˡ
֪ʲôʱ𣬷¸ƿء
˫ĿţôֱͦͦĵȥĿ
¸Ҳҡ£һ֣ԯĽ磬ԯһ˲Ƶߣɫ
סķ¸
¸ƦƦһЦˣ
ԯҧôҡˣιܵˡ
Ļ¸ǺһЦԯ伱˳ıЦ˵ˡ
ۡ
ţԼﲻҲˡ
һΣ
ԯв¸裬´ΣӰ˨
¸Цѵû죺ã֤û´Ρ
ԯҧгݣˡ
ոһ˲ԯĶˣо¸и̣㲻ɱҲҪƴͬھ
ˣķǳף
Ҳ󣬻ظ
ΧڶϿյĽҲʧ巽󳹵Ƴ
¸ԯҵԭ巽ĵַȷһʧ
ʱƣ֮һųɫӣӦþ巽ıԴ
оԣ֮ǰ౦;ʱһµҪء
¸踣ӷŵ౦ߣʶ౦ա

㳹׽ƳµŻڡ
¸Ǭֻ֪ڻţͬи
Ǭֻŵһŵ飬Ҳ˽⣬ֻѵԪӤ
㣬¸㴫֪Ǭͻƿ
ǬһˣѾоƿɶӦúܿͻƽ𵤣ɽ׽٣ֻǡҲǾأһ֮֮ϣһ֪ǻ᳹鵽ףѾչؼʮ꣬˭Ҳ֪ʲôʱͻơ
ԪӤڱչͻƣ֮ǰҲԪӤڡ
һУˡ
ΣԽնɱ㣬ҲѱԽɱһԪӤ
ֻҪ֮ǰͻƽ𵤺ڣ۷壬ԪӤҲһս֮
ݺ飬Ҫģ㾡ͻƽ𵤣̻ؾǼңӦĽԸˡ
Ĵ޵ٺöͽ׵ĽһƿӦ֮ãҲˡ
һЩʯٱҲ֮
Ǭһ֣ѣãʰʰ׼Ͼ
жϴ¸͵һЦԯ仳Ҳ׼̻ؾǰɡ
˽£游Ҳżˡ
ԯһãһ綯
Ϣһڶ磬̻ؾ¸ƣҩȥҲظĲˣһ·ޣֱ
ֻ˰±㵽
縮ǰ¸跭ÿš
ŷһСظ̼Сǰȥ¸ԯ䣬ں档
ϡ̫үС㣬С
Ժ̫ү֪Ůظסˣɣֱ
ҵıŮˣأ
ǻˣõȡ
δСүӣȷ¸뾩ǰӹǸˡ

¸ǺЦ˴ӭӣ游һˡ
-

71 ʦͨ

ү£ҽ¸迴˸飬ȷ
֪
Ѿͷ֪֪жൣģǴ֮󣬵֪ƺǵǡ
úһѾͷţûþĵ
¸趮үӵ˼ο游ˣⲻûôö˶˵Ļˡ
үԲˣһ
¸û˵Һ壬˰죬ŰүӰס֤´ΣүӲա
ֲ͵ؿԯ䣺»ؾȥϣ빬밲縮ǲװɣӶлүտҼҸҪϷͲүˣ㡣
Ե㲻Ͽ
ƫƫԯûУЦүòŸĹϵһ׺Ӧġ
ƨ
үӴӵۣ˭׺
Сӣ֪ûģұ
ƾ縮Ͳܻӭ
»ǽҪϷ򲻶ˣ롭ˣͿ͡
ϽˣԯҲգƵ˵ͬЩӱ縮ףűүӲˡ
үĲᣬʲôף˭׵ģ˭ͬˣ
ԯߺүĲˤӣ¸費ͣΪ˳游ĪˣǼһǹģ
үһס¸Сˣʵʵ˵Īүү
游̬棬¸Ҳֱ׵صͷϡ
үӳβŻˣˣԯСӣԯһ͵ģøϣҲ޿ɺǣֻǸԯˮˡ
¸΢΢һЦ
ˮڣүүģŮȻѾѾ׼ǵɽ𺣣ŮҲƽ
үӹһЦŮȻãģ
ҵѪҵ֣Բث֡
ڷ桭
ƨ
¸ؾĵ죬ͽӵʥּ빬ʥ
ɫÿү֪뾩֮󣬻ʵ۾ǡɾһλԳʿĵˣзͯ
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˷빬ҪСģүүʲôͨʦúܣУҲģүүһ
¸һЦ
үүͰķŻضˣҽ̸Ĺ죿
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үչȭţ¸չʾԼϵ׳ĹоӹԽʣһʤһա
ʮ겻ֹ۳Ҫ˺׷ͯյˡ
Ҳˣûʵ˼ΪҲŸʵֹһ̽һٷϣõûޣҲʲôͨʲô¶
ôôţͨаúܡ
¸Цˣ׻˵úãһϣһСССôġ
үүϳɡ
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˵շԸСǣ¸Σֻȥˡ
ԼСүһ࣬ҡһ·˻ʳſڡ
빬ʱպһΣ¸Ŀʹ֮У˻ʵۣ̫Լһɺ˭ʸ˽죿
ϱһߣͨĽӣġ
ʦѹ֡
¸ջĿ⡣
үүеǰ黢ʵΣȥˣαؼƽ
үӺЦҾ˵ͨ˲˳ۡ
¸Цҡͷ
⻰ĳ͢ٹ٣Ҳүү˵˱ˣ뷨Ҳҵ˵û·С̫Դ촹ȥˡ
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үӲģ¸Ψеͷүүģˡ
ŵͷߺߣڣ˭Ҳ۸Ů
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¸踣񣺡͹
ңңλѡ
鷿й֣λͨʦҲڡ
¸һμͨʶ΢΢һֻ֪̽ΪҲ㲻ƭӰɡ
ݣɡ
ʵ۴ʱ΢΢һЦ˫ܣ¸谡λ·ĹʦͨʦȺʦλ޸ģϰŮ¸裬Ҳб¡
ͨݵƳ۷¸裬¸ΪѹƵ۷塣
ȻͨһһĨм
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72 ս

۷壬δ֪֮½Էôֻе̤ɴ
ˡΪǡ
ͨɫԻ߰Ƴ۷¸裺Ͻˡ
ưƲκ˷࿴ۣ¸Ȼѹүүӡ󲻺á
֮ǰʵûͨǰἰ¸裬Ͳˣ˱ˣּΪ硱ԼЦ¸һʶ΢ţѹֱƷ¸衣
ϧԤ֮еıûڶ¸費ʹ˿
ͨɻôܡ
˵һ۷Сʿôֵܵѹ
Īǡ챦
ͨԽԽô£˲ܽ͵ͨ
㰵⣬һҪ뷨ӣõϵı
ɫһգװɫ
¸ѿ͸ĵЦȴɫԻ
ʦˡ
¸ɣȵĻʵۺͨΪãֲøСѾͷһʶͨ¸Իʵ˵
ἰʿǿи뷨֪
ʵᣬҲ̽¸裬ʾͨͨ⿴۷¸裬¸˿ӡ
ȻǻǲҪˣùʦΪѡ
ͨ
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¸裬񣬹ʦȻ⣬˵
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үӾͿۡ
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ϻʼȭȭԾȻľ߾裬¸Ƶ
үүȭ־ˣٹЩʱգһ׸Ĺүү
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үӵȭΪѾͻưٽһɵڽ׶Σʽż
ֻⱾȭ似Ҳֻܵĳ̶ȣҪٸһ㣬ҪС
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Ǹãүүɵˡ
¸ЦЦãû⣬͵ҸͨıԽԺ󣬸͸үүŪõģүүɻѧȭ
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УүүѧʲôտɿǺãͷ˵
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73 ǰϦ

үֺǺǵͷ˵²شһȭͷ󺹵ػȥϢ
ˣҲϢȥɡ
¸ͷүӻطŻ˻Ԩ
ս䣬¸㱾̧ܵ˭
ɴζһߴӰͷ߳ҡ
¸ԯ䣿
ô
ԯüëһЩãô
СûĵģŻؾ죿Ӳţжĥɱ¿ûô죬ôţ뷭ˣ
ոջؾЩҪæȥǰˣ
Сǲ඼˰ɡ
ԯҧгݵٲǲǵֵӶҪˣţ
¸ɿһ
˭ˣֻûһƲأ顣
ԯ΢У˳ѱЩϱףŸ˳
ޣҪ
ҿû˵
ԯаһЦֱ§ø㲻ɼʱӦ޸ȥʥּɺá
ʥּͻ飬ӲôȻںҲЩģõġ
¸Ц
ͻ飿࣬ʵ۰ͲҳԸҳΪʼҶϱ
ԯƤһУΣյ籾ȥͨʦˣʡ鷳
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ԯᣬ°͵ڷ¸ͷĦ˵ͨĿģ
¸ͷ޿ܡ
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ĥ䣬ԯԽָŪǵ鷢ͷ͵Ϳ¸һһ϶
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¸һ԰ȥ
˼ɲǿջŲޡ
СѾͷô̶᲻ǲȥϣе̣ġ
ԯһ봲ᣣڴϣת¸衣
¸ЦôţԤˣliuåˣ
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ıɱ׷򣿡
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ԯ˳ŴһԾʧҹĻ££֪ʱĵһѩȻϮ¸ȴûɵá
ԯʧķϴ
ǡ
ϵרȡȻǰ㵥
ʱ¸ȫȻѾˣԯҲʿϺġ

תۣѹ
һ磬¸ʵˣǰܹŹĿ͡
Ӽǰ빬ԣʦѾˡ
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౦ֻ֧ǰצˣҽˣ
ϲԱ
¸Цͦʱ򡣡
ţ౦ɻ󲻽⣬ǴʶҪǰ౦ŭֱš
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ҪǷ¸費ԼʲôƷ
౦СԴһʲôҲӦмҩʦټϻңʲôͨ϶û⡣
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74 һ֣

¸ЦЦСӵˣ㻹ǹԹԲغã䣬ʹҵףأ
Դ˻ΣҲϲռ䣬¸㽫ͷһůڷ¸軳ز˲䡣
ꤣܿͣڻʹſڡ
С㣬ŵˣ³ɡ
¸³ӭԯԯ䷭ŷ¸߹ȥ
ˣͬһɣ㲻ͷŹ·ˡ
Źǣ£ūиˡ
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һ·Ͽвշ¸ʦԣƷϴ󳼣ԿЯҾ빬ۿ
¸赽Ĳ磬Ҳ·ϲٴ󳼼ŮͬΧ۲
¸֪˹ġ
˴İǵĹϵˡ
ԯ࣬¸ѹŹˣ
ţԯһ仰ǰܹܹԹĻûУȻʵۿͣ¸µˡ
ԯ΢΢
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˵ŻԯƳ
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һϮˮɫȹӵŮС̾˵ǡǸǸ
ͬеĶȹŮӳ˳ǶǷ䴫ԣɾţţ˷
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ڶͲôˣҲ֪ǲǰλۻΣȥúܡ
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ʹԯ˵ʹΪϷ¸裬װһʹı飬¸ֹһ䡣
װģ
ܿ԰Ҳ֪ͨʲôһ԰ڣоˣԭźĽ档
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ϣ뿪һС֡
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ͬ΢΢лϡ

ܿ죬˵Ĳˣʵڸλ֮ϣ΢ЦԵĿ׺󣬽⡣
ȻǱԣܸиĿʦ¸裬ΪʲôΪã
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ͨЦãǡһ־ͱɡ
ССʿ𶼲֪ʲôɣ¾ÿ
ͨһ֣Сֱ̧̫¯Ӹ԰ؿ¸裬¸費Ϊ˦һǰ
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75 㵽Ϊֹ

һӣһŲҩڷ룬ǰ
ͬʵڣһڴԼҾ죬üΪȣáֶΣôһӣͰǰˡ
¸ע⵽ͨǬ׶ۣһֻռ䲻ǬˣԯָϵĴ䣬Ǹ߼֪ٱ
ҩɱʦ׼ˣ׼ʲôҩѡ
ָͨһѲҩԹԵѡԼǰһѣŽ¯˫һģðɫ棬ȼ¯
һ󾪲
⡭Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ôҲţ˵Ŀð
϶ֶˡ
ٿ¸裬ĪѾɵס˰ɣ
˰֮ԱǣЦ
һأҪˡ
ֹ˹ʦǾ֮ء
ˣͬʦԣֱЦ
ȴû뵽˴۾Ļں档
ֻ¸ֽԼǰĵ¯ŲԶ֣һֻµĵ¯ƾճ֣һһѷ̹Ĳҩǰ
ЩֲͨЩǿֹһ
ͨר־ŵ۽һƲĶˡ
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ԯ۲ģ
ԯ˫۽ųеķ¸裬ƺһ籩
ԯٴǹЦͽְ˵ֻſϷˡ

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ͨ˿㲻
ֿ۷¸裬ҲǵʦƷҲԲᳬϾΪޣٺΣ
δдЩСС֣
ڣ¸ĵ¯һ춯ͨϣһ¯ʧܡ
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¸򿪵¯иöէֵĵҩ⣡ͨΪԼۻˡ
ϸϸĿضöҩӵĵƸ档
ΨиƷʵĵҩŻֵƣֱͨţһڵģƳƷʵĵҩ
м޸
¸촽ͨɴ˫ۡ
ⲻܣ
ܡܡ
ͨħһ㣬죬һš
ʿǺη
ɲܣʦ۾Լ
͵أͨ۵ͨ죬ؿ¸裬дһ˿ǣѾ˵涯ˡ
ʵҲͨˣĵײã¸边Ȼٰ̽ɿڣҲϸңô
׷ףûʵۼɵıԴ
ңй߸֮ӣ֮ǰҲ޷糹ϣǽۿŷҾҪįʵǸ˵ġ
ȴû뵽ֳ¸衣
ɻģǷ¸ԯߵļƫƫɵġ
ʦ⡭
ʵ۵ķʣͨݵͬʱҲǻ󷽵Ȼɽ˲ųĵ費ǳԹӢ۳꣬Ͻø
⻰˵Ŀɾˮ׼ˡ
һ湧άԷ¸裬һԵλߵ̬һĿޡ
ƫƫصûӮϡ
¸ЦˣǧﰡҲÿ档
ʦû˵һ˭˭Ӯء
ԯбӣһѪ
ǵͨƳһֲۣò˵ֻǳ۾Ĺƶóˡ
ǱڳһѾͷӡ
ϾǻʵģʦҲģӣʵ˵ʲôҲͨһ
鲻Ƴԯһۣ񡣡
ⳡԣһʱ𣬵㵽ΪֹҲãοҹʦҹΪķ޿վ͵Ϊֹɣʦ
-

76 »

ʵ۶ô˵ˣҲΪ˱סӣڳˣ˭ҷ⣬׷ױʾͬ
Լǡ
¸ҲûģЦЦؿͨŶôȻˣǹʦҪúñزǣܸõЧ
ֻͨӲóԸ¸衭ԯ䡭һŹ
;ǿдϣЦƵģ಻ɢ
ҹ¸׼ţһӰԯڷ¸跿
ᳵ·
ԯ乴ôˣҪţ
ôÿ׼ʲôϡ
¸ţҪһ𣿡
ԯЦˣǷص˾䣺ȻʢȴԵ㡣
¸ͬƽϣҪ

ʮع
ԯüͷ壬¸ŤͷϵĶ౦ȷͨ
౦һʵ⸽ͨζ
౦󣬶һܣرζڶ׼ȷҵ
¸Ц⼼Щˣ౦ͦСظ˵ܻڿС
¸費ݸ
û뵽⼦ߵļܣôó
ǡ
ԯӵꡣ
ꣿ¸һԯ䡣
ͨʲôѲɻ֮УҪҵĶ򱦱
ԯ
ڸʲôȥһ֪
ԯҵĻ꣬ԯִ򿪽عĻأ¸䡣
ôأͨε֪
ԯΨһ뵽Ŀܣϡ
ʵ۷ˣǼذɣȻعĻظͨ
ԯߣܵʯǽأǵүүʱأʱż
ӵУȻϲľҲǼ꣬ڻʹźùһЩȻ죬з֣ȥȻˡ
ϣܵظͨҲǲܡ
ʳǣȻʺԯ˭ûٸ飬ʥϡ
еңԯңںʲ
Ȼ౦ͣһʯǽǰ档
ԯüһ˴Ȼʵޡ
Ȼޡ
¸ɻ󣺡ѵͨҪĶȻʵƷ
ԯֱʾ¸˺󣬶౦ٴϷ¸ͷԯ䰴ʯǽϵİۣʯŻ
ͨȻ棬ʱȻʵĹǴ򿪵ģͨõģȻʵ֮ͷȨȡ
ȨԯʶȻ֮
żȻȻһΣһλˡȻ˵λʱΪȣ뿪ʱȨȣ˵гһգȡߡ
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ͨ۵Ḭ̃ͷԯ϶ͨԲλˡ
ͨ
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·㲻ߣƫͶ
ԯͬϻͨȨȣȫʬ
ͨһЦαƵױ¶

ͨȻѣһ¸ԯ䡣
˲һƻգͨɫһ䣬Ťԯȥԯ䲻㣬ͨΪǷӦһС
ԯ佣ûγһͻĹơ
ͨһѲԯǸȻϢΪΪı
ãͨʶܡ
ܵܺҪЮַ¸衣
룬¸ͻȻͷȫΪڵѹһڣܵסˡ
𡭡𵤣
ͨۿ־壬û뵽¸边Ȼǽ𵤴ܡ
ӹһתĵǰǰͨ飬֪ǰڴˣǰˡͷȨȱǰ
¸ע汻Ȩͨó֮ɫϢȨȡ
ʱ䣬ȨǶ͸ʯ׹ʢ¸ͨһͷԯһ֮£һȥקס¸裬ֻоʲôҪȥ
ͨȻЦؾȻؾ
ԹȻ档
һƬϵ֪ͷȨһؾֻҪôУһǧ
꣬ŵ֪ͷȨԯңֵ֪ԯдƷ
ӽԯأȡΣõ˻طͼ
û뵽̤Ьٴȫѹ
ֻϧ
ûü̫ã׹𽥴ʢ֮ʱԯһͨĨɱԪ˲
˭ýһ˺ݻͣĵĻᶼûͨ
ţԯͷ¸ǰһʧԭء

-

77 ؾ

¸裬ѣյӵһ죬ٲȥɾˡ
˽¸գգۡ
ȫİ꣬ͻ÷¸Ȼ
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¸ֿ˿ŴͷоǻþҲ̫ʵˡ
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뵽ͨԯɱǰ˵ؾ¾ҪƲסˣҲΪСĹϵΪˣ˵صԭ֮ͻˡ
ҲֻοԼ¸뵽
ʮа˾ԯؾУֻû뵽νؾȻһСô
˻괩ıˣ
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ǰ
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СԲ޳ۿ¸硭ôˣǲ챻СǴӣȥУ°ҡ
˵Ҫתܣ¸ּۿץס½ǡ
òţû£ʲôǵ⣬ûʲôطãֻҪ򵥸˵˵УС
Ϊ˷ӣֿ̬ȼҲû¶
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³ǣ˼壬ңҺ¼ң¸¼ӵܡ
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ղ͵͵ԼһѣȻС㣬˲ȷǸŮģΪαкҪ
ڵļ䣬ǰ㶼ûС
¸߼̵ĻУõļϢ
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ΪǲлμѡΡ
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һ㱻Ĺ³¸ҲΪԭ¸类ĹӼǺޣʹ˲ٻ
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˵껹Ʋһ۷¸裬ָɣǿͲǴ֮ͥ£Ŵѡ¸ϲ׷Ź
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¸谲οļ򣺡ûϵ㾡ˣ۽ֻҪŬźǾͺܺá
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78 ³Ŵѡ

̧ͷ˿صͷţҼסˣ
һ
¸̧̨ߵʯͷǰַȥԭɫʯͷɫĹͷβûɫ
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λʦʣҡͨ𣿡
ۿžҪסˣز٣ϵǧļƷǼ񵽱ˣ
Ǹʲô֣
ԭŵУ֮һվĿƿ¸衣
¸衣
áЦЦ¸裬Ըڣҵ״ӣ
¸εȴ±ףǺõĲˣͲԼͽܣ״⡣
Ӧþҵ֮ġ
¸ԥ˱е׷ʣô㲻Ը⣿
⡭ʦ֣ͽ֮£ǻȥ˵ɡ
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Ҫˣ
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ĳţҺߣ
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˭ÿ֮ˣһֻһ״ӣ֮֮Ĺӵ֮٣ǽ˵£ʿѪǿò궼δиӡ
Ȼ״ӾͳһĴڣ̳
ͽȻҪô裬ô衣
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á
¸
һʱûӦ˵ЩyouĻȻ֣ղ˵ɶ
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ŵӣеɲ١
Ȼˣȿȡյѡξ͵ɣʦܣͻš
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ʱ᲻˽Լʦ֣Ѽӷˡ
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ͷһЦôɫ϶ܳʦġ
¼ʮĺӶȥˣֻдܱѡϣҸղλʦĵմΪͽһǰ;ģǰ;
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Ŭˣǵܡ
ģ硭㱣ء
¸ԴЦһġ
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š
¸ͷ˷ۻָ
ĺҲۿ˵۷ֶ˷ܵĲС
찡
̫˼ˣֱ
رŵĺߴߴͣϾŲʮСֻꡣ
Ҳй򶨵ġ
к˵ʲôҵ˵ˣڿɴɣһʦΪߡ
ҲǣҽҪնħ츣
¸ķЦһпյĺӡ
ôף˶ܳɵõεطˡ
ãҽ룬ʲô֣
¸һڸ˵
¸衣
벻ɵö࿴һۣ¼ҵĳӣŶұΡ
¸ɫȻڴβͷ羰
ʲôʲô޹ء
˵˳ұܸǸҲͨˣԺͬţϣ㲻ҪƽϣǸӣˣԺʦŽ̵϶ĵġ
ƸصǶ࿴һۣ⺢ӿȥҲʮһɣ۵ǲ٣֪ͽΪͽʾء
۶٣ܿǿˣǸԴ˷ۣأΪ֪
Ӳ˻ûİˡ
룬һʮ֮ǰҲû磬ϵҲûкõԴܵǸ
ȴ׽ĿĲԶ
ûĺӣһڸӼƽϣòŵǸûʲôȻطˣ㡣
-

79 

뿴ŷ¸ıӰ۵֮ɫ
ӣ
˵Ǹһ
оʲôأǺǡ
¸衭ûϵڲûʲôշ
죬¸˳ԺȣһֱڷΪСסǵ˼䣬ȱ𴦿徻ˡ
ôһﺢӾһ𣬾ôϳɵģһҲܲסֵԡ
һȺӣ൱ֻѼӡ
պ֪ͨڵˡ
½⼸컹вˡηɴģʱ߻أ˷ţ¸̤½أ˲˵
¸ʶһСҡ¿վȣȭǸԣԲסҡ
˵̲סܵһ߷ɿ£¸üëûһ£̧ˡ
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ʦ¸裬ӿеͽҪΪ״ӡ
ﲻֹϣԼҪǸɻڡ
˵⺢ǵϵʦֶ״ӣôõӣӦƷϰǡ
Ʒһˣݣ
ʦ֣ͲˣҪô˵⺢ӦҸƷǣС޶벻ѧް
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һ仰ɹˮìͷˢˢָ¸裬¸üġ
߸ϵһ֮ȻСֶΣ.
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졣
Ƿ¸ԼᶨҲܲסǿٱѹ
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ڣȷʵΪ˷ѰˣΪټڣҲƾһССܴģҽһ£ҽ¸裬ɢޣûʦţҲûвõĿġ

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뵱Ҳ֮ΪţҲǰ¸Ŷڵѡ󲻵óʮ꣡
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ࡣ
ϵͷ˵ڱţʲôطܹҪó֤֤ԼǷס
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80 ʦ

ΪţΪرҲǸͨɢеġ
м񵽹һ飬һΪܵĽָԼģ
¸衰ûûΡֱóϣʶ⺢ӼеСҲ׻Ǹ취ӣô׾͡ˣѹ
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򷢵ͽܣ۷¸衣
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82 Ե

ȵѾбˣ㲻ۣҲĵúܡ
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ļʱʦܵСͽܣÿζʱǣߵģ֪͵͵Ľٻء
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83 

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84 岻

ԭԯҲûע㣬ŵĵŶոտʼУûбٹȣһճ
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ģԯ䰵˴ֱۣתߣһһҡ
ңŻ֣ǡɾ˵˰ȥ㡣
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壬ԯͱץš
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85 

ԯ̧ĿⶨʱӣԼãҪ

ʱϣСӣ㻹ФͽݣĪ˵С¸֮ƽƽûʸФ롣
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86 ˿Ů

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вɫҲƽ󷽷ԯԼǿ

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˵ⳡôĶȥˣʦԾ̫ǿе׵Ի·
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ԯһĶ֣ȻµӵУȡõһˡᡣ
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ԯ˫ֻվԭزмȷðҲ㣿
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88 ׽

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ˮһ˲ǿЦЦ˵ҽ뿪Ӧϼ˶ˣҲ˵ҪλʦʦϤҩ԰Ҳˡ
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ԯ齣壬ǰȥš
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֪ԯһҪǿ̫ߣҪˣĥһĥӡ
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輸ŵ΢΢̾Ϣ
ԯʰñƻĽʦ̫ģͽòš
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ô˵ˣʲô˵ģֻôƲԯһۣתߡ
ʰʰ߰ɡ
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93 2

׿ϣԯһʱ֪¸裬Ըһɽˡ
¸迴ĪȸԾڴ
ԯб㲻ڴ
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ԨʦҲڣ׼һôãҸӦʦҲ׼ȡأһɣɲӦʦ֣¸ʦǵһɽأҲиӦ
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һȭ촽ϼû˿ʦʦԸԸˡ
ϾͥڣӦôҲҪֳһܴȣչʦʦõӡ
ˮ齫ԯϣԨʦܣ˵أ
ԯ˿˼ʲô治棬ֱ¸裺ô
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ûѻ˵꣬ˮȲԵǾôˣһ·ҲиӦϾʦʦ仹СǳɽӦչһЩǲǰӦʦ֣
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Ӧ֮Уģǽ𵤺ΪԶԷһ˵ͷˡ
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ӦǹһĨ֮ɫȴֵƲ۷ˮ顣
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֮ǰִͬõӣ̵İĽߡ
ԣ΢Ƭ̣΢šš
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һˣĸ˵˵ЦЦάֱ湦ʣ·¸ԯ룬˻֡¸ŹǷת˴ա
ȥ˯˽ҡ
ԯϯضá
ƺע⵽˵Ĵڣ˰죬ˣɶŵĵӣֹʸߣ״ӣʮͽ𵤡
ˣǸղЩƺЩ
Լͬס˿ڣղزһ硣
¸˴˯ԯڴſ붨ʣµ˻һۣҲϯضʼ
Χн绤ţ裬涼νҲˣ¸費šʮ꣬Ǹƽռա
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౦ͷɥôûУǺڷܵٶȱ˺ü
׶ŵͷҲ
ҷ¸ζɽ٣Ҳ˿û档
-

94 

౦֨֨лűҵ취뿪С硣
¸šü˵Ӧðɵ磬ԣԭ̫࣬ΪνٶȲ
ԯ䶼ˡ
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Ƥһֽջռ䣬ҲͰˣѾ¶౦һѰһ˼˶Ҫۺ죬οӦСڡ
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95 ̫֮

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96 ˣּ


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ӿһҭɤ˵˵˿ˣǰʺһû뵽ǻԵǲã
ˮЦ𣬿˿ӦЦӦʦ֣أ
ʵĵȻʣӦȻᣬ۵״ЦԴƤ˵
תͷӿû£ذɣǻб£ˡ
Եϧûôʶʱ˿ΪƤˮ顣
ҿɫãҴù԰ô
ӦϿˮһۣˮЦЦίƾӿӣɣҽ컹бʦ硭գ
ԣ㲻Ը⣬Ҳ÷ˮ⣬鲻Ըǡðɣ㣿
ӿӦϱ򴽣תݡ
ˣ
¸豳߳սǣ̵ķźһ䷿ͬʱ򿪣룬Ӧϵķڡ
ˮӦϵ˱裬ӦϺԥغ£˫˳
ӦΣ˶òſڵǵ֣ʮа˾ħΪ
̿˿ˮ飬ֿӦ˵ħޣҲҪץС
ӦϷ¸ԯ䣬ʦãԨʦܣҲǵһɽΪô죿
¸谵Ʋǣôʵл۾飿Ӧôģ
¸а߳׽
-

98 ħ

ӦҲֻһʣû뵽¸ô˵Ҳһ㶣漴ô߳
¸
Ȼħר֣ʮа˾ǸŮİɣλʦ֮һնǾһãħ޳֣һܻ񣬱Ͼ˶οħҲֻװŪҲ£Ϊ
ʱһֱڳ䵱˵ˡ
նһ£ɣʦ̴ֺӦʱǼ¡
ӧû뵽
ϾڳУꡱģֻӦϺԯ⸱廹ۡúܣʤβôޡʹֻܴ˵жѡһ
ԭ¸Ӧնģû뵽ô
Ӧʦ֣أ
ỹã¸ôһᣬӦԭ˿ˣʱ˵ȥˣ
Ȼܡ
ӦһӣΨӲͷƤʦܣϾԷΪһ֪һΣա绹ȥɡ
ԭӦֻԵ˵ôһ䣬û뵽ȴ¿Ļᣬֱӵ
ȻˣǾҪίӦʦˡ
ӦҲû뵽ȻĻûУƤ߲ȥˡ
¸谵͵Ц
û뵽û뵽ƽģһѺ֡
ĻܿףΪӦأʹղôһ䣬ӦҲٲñơ
ԽԽ˼ˡ
ȥʵͽˣȻпڵģǳϡ
Ҳѹ֣ߵýˣܴൽĶȥ
ˣҲֻӲͷƤȥ͵ĴݻҪʽѪ̡
ӦҧǾôˣ¸ʦõļƲߣ㿪ʼжɣڶȥ׼׼ҳȥתתһסҽ
ӦϰοԼֻǸƲߣܲܳɹ˵أοǽ𵤺ڣ㵱ħޣǽ𵤺ڣҲһս֮ټ̺ˮǼΣյҲ
ϧеʱ㲻㡣
ҹĻ٣Ӧ˸˶棬ڴϼ£δϨơ
Ȼһ紵в˸¡

Ӧ춯ûвԺüڴϱװ˯
ХĴŴֽӰҡҷϵģмצơ
ŰһӰ͵ƾճڷУЦ
ʲôˣ
ӦҲװȥˣ͵طĿⶨؿվŵˡ
ȺʺѪ磬һֻ֣欵ԼĳӦϳճһЦ
ø磬
Ӧ뵽ĿģҪҪٻ齣ĳ嶯ؿھŨ˼֡
ù졣
еĻǵȻŮħĵ
ֻǸոѾ˵ƺʲôʶȻ
˲һѿȻ
ղžȻŮħ޲ɷһ͡
պ죬ŭġ
ĵȻŮħޣ
ǿѹͷŭӦϿסҪ̶ֵĳ嶯
ǲ֪ħޣΪסˣǹЦָӦϹ˹
ѽ
ָֻؽ⿪ǰϵ¶磬ǣһ˼.
Ů˺ܰף׵Ĳ񻰡
ֻӦϻڼƽϣղĵοаܶǲö˼
ֻΪ˽һ̽òϵһľȻŮħ޻߹ȥ
ڼʱӦ϶ˡ
һֻץŮħ޵ţһֻһһ齣Ȼ֣͵Ůħ޻ȥ
һͻɡ
һˣض㲻ҲҪˡ
ǡ
ֻŮħʮ㣬һһ㣬ף㿪Ӧϵ͵Ϯ
ӦһºȻŮħЩ£˱սһ
ԽԽľ
֮ǰȫˣħ޵ΪҪڽ𵤺֮ϣӦϸǶ֣͵Ϯ֮±㱻ѹŴ
ǺǡС绹ͦбµϲ
Ůħͷǣа֮ɫһһ籶дϣӦϮȥͬʱȵڣˡ
Ӧ鼱֮´󺰣æ
һĴ󺰣ƳգȻӦļˡ
ܲôû˰æС
˵ʱʱ죬Ůħ޵İ籼סӦϵĲӣƵ·֮ʱһƿն
籶ǽϡ
ŮħЦǡа֡
ʱˣҪڲףüΪͶ޽ˡ
רŸףء
߳ԯ䣬ԼŮħЦһߣƾǣ
ټأ
¸裬̣ˮҲͬʱ֣ԭ㹻ķ䣬ʱԵӵࡣ
ʩչ˫Լͬ𣬴Ʒڰ֮С
νˣųħţޣ
Ůħ޲м
ϧƾǼȫ۵
˽ŮħΧм䣬̸賰ŪҪ˵ħޣվڡ
-

99 ԪӤϹħЫŮ

̵ĻŮħ֮Աǡ
ջذ籣˲һѺ齣Ȼǿ仯ı
Сģ
Ůħ޵ĶӦæѡ
Ůħ޾ȻҲӡֱӱ¸Ǳ߷
¸ȫעŮħ޵͵ϮӦ֮ǰѲǹЦɻһŮħ˲䱻ûһ顣
ʲô
Ůħ޴󾪣СϣȻƷ
ʵȻ
ɻֻƷֻ߽ɽǰʱ˷¸費ٺöʱž
ɽʹõķʱһȼһԵĸƷ
Ůħ޵һЦʱ֮ġ
ǼڵСӣħЫŮͷǰ׽еģ۷嶼ʿԸˣô졣
СѾͷɿһ
¸Цͷ˭Ҫ˭֪أ
˵գ˷ɻڴ߻ࡣ
Ůħ޲мٺҲҪ˭ã𵤳ڣдıҲӲʵʮ֮һ
һӿ˹ĵһֱ¸š
Ȼͳȫ㣡
ԯһ䣬齣ַɹȥ裬ϧƫһЩպôӱԵ
ȡʱ䡣
ԯ⼸ˣ̼䣬Ӧϻгʣὣӭȥˮ
̿˵زһδ֣ȥ
̹͵͵̣ߣжٲߣտǶҪɥڴˡ
һһţôᣡ
һƬ׺Ȼ֮ɫԪӤϹħЫŮ˼Ķ֣ߡ
̺ȻԪӤϹ֣ĸ־©һġ
ˣǽ׶༪٣
һת˲¶ģңӡ
ڷ¸ȫעԿħЫŮҲھȫħЫŮûʱ񣬳ôʱ
˲뵽ֻҪħЫŮϣյ£ʯ󺣣˭Ҳ֪ӡ
֮ԴҲΪ·
һţֻһ˳˵νʱ趨գϾ״ӡ
ͻΪ֤
ϾҲӵһԱ
̴žžֱ졣
ʱֽȣ˲ö룬תӡ
ӦЩ˻ֵܵһжԶܶԶħЫŮɱӦϵˣѾӳԶʹԪӤϹ֣Ҳ׷ϡ
ۼˮƼ̶ˣ͵ͺһʦ㣡ʦ֣ڸʲô
ûǶƴôȻ
ϻ䣬ۿ̺ˣתˣӰû¡
ˮ´󾪡
ô£
Ӧʦ֡
ˮһʹӦϷһСľͱħЫŮİȷɣ䵽ϹȦʱ³һѪ
ȡ
ӦһʦãСģ
ֻħЫŮİ籽ˮԯһɣһϮ¸衣
˵ʱʱ졣
¸ۼϮİ籡
籿ͣǰ֮޷һ硣
ħЫŮһ߶Ҳ˷¸
¸һƿգ뵽ڷʱ俴һܡƾ
¸ָ΢𣬱ΪϮħЫŮ
ħЫŮߣû¸籶δջأ£ȥ
ħЫŮֻ˲Ѫӿд󺧣ȻѾˣ嵹һʺ
ħЫŮŭ
ԴɾԪӤδˣɶ
ɱֱħЫŮͷħЫŮʱɱʢ˲һζȫԸ¸衣
ܺãվʶʶʲôԪӤ֮½ϡ
ħЫŮֱۣ˫ƳצץѣܵģγһźͯԴС
ֻһ𣬱˫֮ڡ
ħЫŮЦþȫ¸衣
ԯ˫ԲҪȥȴӦסԨʦܣɽڣûգǲŮħͷĶ֣ǿ졭
µĻԯɵãӲɤ۶
ֻǧһ֮ʣԭΪɵķ¸裬ŲæɻħЫŮһ׿⣬ת˸ȦֻػħЫŮ
ħЫŮŵصɴ˫ۣһ֮ʣȻ㲻ӲԼš
һԭرը
̹ħЫŮȻûӦϺˮʱľ
ʦʦ֡
ȴħЫŮһڣǱԭҡ£߿Ѫ
ָŷ¸裬£ֱͦͦ¡
۵ԲĿ
ħЫŮĲʬ壬ӦϺˮݺݻ˿ԯȴһʱ俴¸衣
û˰ɣ
ԯ߹ħЫŮʬͬʱħЫŮȻһ¸ֻüһãթ㡭
ԯѵһʱһն׼
ħЫŮͷʬ룬µµһߡ
Ҳ˲ɱȥգۼ仯ɸʬһֻʣõ·ԭأʬף˴ǣһɻңɢ
Ӧһ
ˣ
-

100 ľ

ӦϾһˣŵһԵˮһ飺ʦʦ֡Ǹոա
ˮ鶨ؿǴɻңزǾȻɱһԪӤڵħޣֱš
¸ƳӦһۣӦϺ֪죬ţһ̶Ҫ
ˮŻͷԣԣɱԪӤڵϹ֣ķ.ҪȵԪӤϹֵı巢ˣǾ֮ء
.ԪӤڣҲҪԪӤ֮ϣǼ𵤣ɱԪӤħѾײˣɱı壿
ǲǰΡ
ӦϺˮ龪ʧ룬ŷ¸ԯҪ۷ڣԶȻһ
˭ɱ˱ķ.ٳ
ɫ¸˵ԯϷɽֿߡ
˵꿴Ҳ⽫ˣߡ
ֱɳɽͷʶδ׷˸ɽҰȥ
֮ǰɱԪӤħЫŮþȫʱ¸΢΢Щû׷Ϣ
ջͷ˵˾䣺㡭
˲仰ߵĻɤ۶
ʱһ䣺ô㣡
ԯ䣬ôӦϣ
Ӧüģһ䵭㲻ɷ˵ңң˭ȥ
¸һ٣뷽ţƺǡˣԯֱߡ
¸֪Ʋӣʶ֡
ôˡ
Ҳ֪ԯôԪӤϹֵıû׷ǣǲȥ׷ԯˣ
ʶģ¸۷ȥѰԯ䡣
·һĲڵء
Ӧϱ˱ۣûŲܣ¿˿иɽһ˽磬¸ڡ
Ԩʦܣô
¸һʱ鼱Ȼ˻д顣
ϥú̴ӿռóҺãԯܿͨˡ
Ķ
¸̾Ҳ֪ɽҰģôŮħ޵ı壬׷ȥ
һԶǧ֮ԯüëšһֱߣƤͻͻ˺üˮ¶Ŀǿڲ˳
ûУǡ
֮ǰۼ¸ˣ׷ȥģ·׷ˣֵħ׷ϣԸı·ߣķС
ֱղţյ¸Ĵûмɣ˷ɽͽ˼ԶԶƼԶһǽϣָ߸ҡ
ԯĻ¸ŰģԭصȣڸӦһ𣬲ľֲεأֻõָ֮󣬲ȥ
ԯƬ̲Ű̾˿ǿͬˡ
СЩҾǵ㡣
¸պж磬һԵӦϺȻ˵ˮʦÿиԨʦһ
ǴһˣԯӦϵĻֱӻص
ʱֻüӦȥ׷¸裬˵ʲôˮ顣
Ӧɫһ࣬۷¸裬¸ƲʲôֲҰµģ˵÷ͷߣ˭ԣϴˡ
ӦñһᣬŵҲЩСĦ¸޵⣬ʱʦ״ӣΪԽնɱӤϹ֡
ʵµĲ񻰣õ
Ӧֻ»ߵļתԶĵطϥʼ붨
֮ǰսһҲǼľҲ㲻¸ץ֣ʶˡ
콥ˡ
¸ȻۣӴĽ
Ŵһ붨Ӧϣʲô
һСۣ֮ǰ¸裬˶ǲҶԷ¸Σȴ·¸ô
ֻǼӣ֮Σѷ¸ôˣʱʦﶨȻĻƣһ֪º֣³ԱȻɢҪҡ
ӦС۵뵽·¸ǳ״ӵݣֻҪǻɢ֣ʱʦ嶨Ȼƴס
ԽԽӦǿĵ׵Ŀֻţ붨ҲʱСš
Է¸һ֮ͬۡ
ûʲôҶˣȥҵԵġ
֮ǰɽͱӦ˽磬ʱӦǰȫġ
Ӧʲôдϵı飬¸û
ô롣
Ӧ޻˵
֮ǰ̫ظ֪δٹȣ䣬漴뵽¸ʵĬĬ졣
̤ɽ֮ǰԵȥϢ
ʲôǽ͵òᣬֻһָʵһи⣬ֵܵһ󡣡
¸šüƳһۣǣ»ﻰҲʵһء
üʹ˵ֺĻҲŰɣʵʵ˵ܽ͵ͨ
ôһ룬ӦСˣҲиȡ֮
ֻ֮ʳǷ¸ĸԣһ䲻õĻͷҲصسɽ
-

101 鷳ʦãҲһֻ

ûã⴫һ춯Ӧ֪Ƿ¸ˣĶԹԵ붨ڤ룬ָ
ֹãһ˱ǣζƢüʮûʳ˼̻ӦϣȻЩڳ
ζϮζ٣Ӧסˡ
һ?ɽ
бƳ۷¸衪ǰĻѼϣ̵ɽԶ
¸Ʋ죬⣬²в
ٹֲԸģֶͶӶ鷳Ҫء
ʱ仹Խǰٹȵĺô
ȼϵɽ࿾ã¸ȡ£鲻Խ򴽽ǣ˺һֻȴá
һ졣
һֻ˶ɽŵȶ䵽ϡ
¸̧һֻӦɫ΢΢̫ӸµضһִۣҴƲ
鷳ʦãҲһֻ
ױ㱻ѡڣʮ겻ڵͬһͬδٹǰԵеףȼͺټˣٹ֮ǵˮ
ҪǷ¸Ŀ̫㣬ԶʳҲ̲ס
ɽܴ򣬻Ҳ
⿾
Ĳᡣ
ɶ뷲Ťˡ
ҲƤ񣬿»ˣţҲͷ¸ɡ
¸谵ƲӲŤͷûʼԼϿõɽ
ӦǣȻ䲻͵س˺һֻȷŽ׽
ڵζֱƽ
ּ¸ɫƵضӦ΢һ˲ʾϻڵļҸ㻻
˭ҪĻ
Ӧ⣬ֵѾˣпˮʦҪǲ⡭
¸輰ʱסûûƤĻ죬ġ
Ӧ۵һżԶŲŲʼ˹سš
֮ǰսħޣôΣҲû̺ӵķϣһֻȣȫ򷢽лˡ
뵽ˣ¸Ӱ˰
벻ĵģȻ汳ȡܵĻᡣ
ˮǹļƵİûԼ̣ǡסˡ
ſҲӦһۣԾתɽ붨

һֻȣӦЩδǣ˸ɾ
ٴ¸ո߽ȥɽ˳
ʧɢˮʦãӻͳָջ˼һ˻
˰ҲͷӦӦĲЩļˮ鲻Σհɣ
ӦԽĲ
ֻϧδָˮʦֺѶȥѰҲ
ֻʱ˼רļ
һα̫ɽӦǱһǣ۵ġ
ֻ¸粻ֺ֪ʱһ𣬻ϲ㣬ɢ˵
֪أԳʳ֮ﲻȤӦϣƫƫԷ¸Ūʳڳ
Ӧ˿¸硭ȥץ
¸ͷҲأ˵⣬ԵĻԼ֡
Ӧʮָմ.ˮɹӣɣŪЩ
ɼܲס˵ʴԼȻԼȥĺӱץ˼
ѧŷ¸ӣ辽ãֱӷŵϾͿ
ȷ¸ڶʱӦϵǼڿýȻ಻̫ãӦ룬ӦҲȥɡ
̽Եҧһڡ

ǲǿ⣬ֱ븹˳ԵһӺζζиԵŪˣǲ
Ѿٹȣ֪УֻΪǵڸ֮ü㣬վԶɭȥ
һֻɽ
ѧŰ¸ӣɽɾڻϿ
֪ͬĲڡ
Ӧüģڷˣڻ붨Ķ޵һҹûô
ò˽춼ˡ
¸ٶ죬߳ɽչ½ǣѾϨĻѣͲԶ붨ӦϣһɭƬ̹򣬾˼ֻɽСӱɾ׼
춯Ӧۡ
ǲ˳顣
ȥʲôʱָܻСѾͷ²רİɡ
бٺƤ÷¸ҲһݣȻָ裬۽ⶼӲûзӵء
۾¸ĴֻɽҪڻϿӦסˡ
ЦĴչȥ
¸ʦá
¸ĿתȫȻûһԴӦһֻȣ¸ûɫ
Ӧ˸Ρ
˵ʦãʱʦи߹㣬֮ˣɻڸ֮ʳС
-

102 ǳ

ͣ
Ҷ֮ԱǣСҲ֪˭Եôδж೰ûҾǷһöвеҲں㻹һȥɡ
Ӧϳ˸ЩӲӵűǼԶҲܾ붨Ŀʱʱŷ¸ϷĹӡ
ζѾʼɢ¸ַ˸ŵǬͳһѵȥ
ʱζŨˡ
ŻȻԭҪЩҲûаһ֮ˣûʶЩˡ
أӦϸɿ
Ǹ¸ʦãҡҪȥֻɽ
иôӦϼҲɴҧҪȻõҩ㻻ô
Ϊӣõľǲȱҩ֮Ҳûõóֵġ
¸һۡ
һȱǵ㵤ҩ
ӦЩ
ɲΪΨһӵ״ͽܣʱʦԷ¸۰˾֪
ɽǰʦǰԹʱʦһĵҩ˸顣
Ϊ˸Ǳͽܣء
¸ȷʵȱԼǵҩЩ٣ɥ
˱ˡ
ҳΪʱʦ״ӣʣֱҪ˺ô
Ҫ˵ԭȣӦϻЩҪõ뷨ǰͷˡ
ôСʦã򲻵ѣպŻжԶԶĺá
ڲа
ͬʱ˴δָ³˽ͱħ׷ɱ
һֱν͵ùˣôܡֺʲôʱָܻ
ٶˣʱ¸СûĵģԼˣʱ˭˵ȥ
뵽ˡ
ӦϲòƤֺ÷¸衣
¸ʦã㿴˵֮ǰЩᣬǶǲֲ֪߲ᣬҲ빲һأǰӣԹںΣϾͬţҲǲʶ
ʶ
˸ýڡ
¸֮䣬񲻹Ǿˮˮ̸ϲʶҲԹںá
ӦϱΣû뵽ѾͷôѺ壬ӲԵ
Ƶһʱ˴ߵĿڸ֮ûˡ
ӦϱƵû˼һԶԭؿʼ
һ۾һҹȥ
ڶش΢¶ɽֵķ϶ӦƤ΢ۣɽڵĵطӦ¸棬Ծɭȥ
ԼĪյ蹦һӰӹһ㣬ͣڷ¸ڵɽ֮⡣
һֻû͸Ұ¹ͽ͵š
ȷ¸ӹ죬׼ʳɽǣֻҰ¹ʶһԴӦϡ
ʲô˼
ֺΪܲټƽ׵⣿
뵽¸Ȼ𣬶౦ʹѾб˺üûŷˡ
ӦҲ֪׵ĴڣԵףڶ౦ǷԼؿڵ·ͺá
׳˲ص׺һӦϣӲ˻˻ȥ
Ȼ˸ö
ˣôôһ𣿡
ʶ¸裬⼸Ͷ౦ڿռԷ¸һ֪ԲŻɻ
¸Ӧ¶˵
¸ͲӰ㣬龭˵˸ţһֻצסһֻ۾
ⶼŪ
Ҳ湻ģ˾ȻնɱԪӤڵĴܣЩˣȻ֮ӣֱ
˵⣬޵ǸӦֺˣװŵزӣƵӦϸǰ
һͺ𣺡𡭡
ˮҪɽӦˡ
붨Ӧֻһ۱Ƽһֻ˶Ĵ׻Լ
Ӧ϶ٸ죬ⲻձΧҪʹΪֻô
˼ڼǳ
ӦޱȣȻʲôʲôޣһС
ȫȻˣԼرӣ¸ʹףй֮޲
¸ʦãҲѾ͹ˣ֮ǰ¶ᣬޣҲδ̫С
˵С
׶ʱˣԽ׺ݵسӦ졣
ģ˵Ųһҧ㣡
Ӧϱ۳
ˣ˲С˹һֻһƽϡ
ּ¸ûԼ֮ǰԵҰ¹һۣתҪǱߣֻȵҰ¹أӦϵ˺ڡ
ǸģҲҪ
¸ͷƲһۣӲ֮ʳԼŰɡ
Ӧϰһǰ˲ʾˡ
Ѿͷ֪ôѺ壬͡
ӦʶйͲҰô
-

103 жĥ

ǴضģĻУ͸һĨ١
Ȼжĥ
Nɪˣã
¸ԶӦѰ˸ʯ붨
ǻûôŬɲŬа¸ǸС.̬˵ʲôʱͻָˣһһ
ôŬƺϲĲۿѾͷһձһȶ컹һ
һ;棬ˡ
ܲ˺úˣӦԽԽǾģ߻ħֻ÷ȥ.
˿ڵ߶ĴףһǴΣ
̧̧˶Դһ˫ϻȫʣڡ˵
ӦϳѿǣӦ˵ĻǴҳ֮ǰвԵĵطҲ֪¸ʦõޣҵҩ԰Ҳҩ㲻ʶﻹв鵤ϲĻҿһЩֻҪӦԺͣҸ¸ʦ˵ûΣ
״Դ˼µĿԣӦĵڴ
ֻ׻̧ͷҡҡԴ۵׾Ǳ֮ɫֻ֪ǹˣŪأ
Ӧֲ㷢ֺֻܾôף˵ûͳһƿƷľ鵤.
ôֻҪӦһƿ鵤ġ
֮Աǣ룬ֵͽ׵ĵҩ¸֪ƽոƷô
ô׻˵ȻǵðӦİǧƳɹģ֪ʧ˶ٴΣ˶ٵ¯ֲƽ᲻óò
¸һֻޣˣŻ
ӦĸηζۣټŰȥǿԼʶſգҵľ硣
룬ЧȻϼ
ܿ죬һӯۣ´ʯɣ¸תһȦ
뿪ıÿʱ䶼Ҫ
ʱקһֻҰӦ϶ʱ۽ֱ顣
Ҫ
Ӧϲ˵¹ǸľǸģҲ˷ѡ
¸ͷɨһȦӦϱ÷ëëˣ̲ס˵
㡭ʲô
¸ƲƲ죺ܶʲô
Ӧϼɤӣ΢죬ΪΡ
ȻһʮСò˼ˣֱЦֹɵƲôһֻҰԶã᲻ʵġ
¸°͵˵㣺ǻ𣿡
Ӧ϶ʱ
˲оԼһֻޣƵͬʱҲûἰԶĻﲻϵԼ
ƣҪƣӦŬƶͷҪһڳԵˣҪĹΪ׼ôص̻ζС
ӦϲԼͺԼԼ˴Ťͷ˵ԾǸʯȴȥˡ
¸翴˿ֱǸţ
ⲻ֪ȫǱԼ̼ģǰʹҲŬҪʱʱɽҪҩ԰Ҳûôľ
ܱ峤ӣӦϵ츳ʣʹȲϷ¸磬ԯҲǵнΪ͵ġ
һ̼ǱԵ־Լδھ츳ٶȣҪվ㳤
ʵӦԼδֶѡ
¸絹ǿˣһϣ˾ͺ˴룬ûҪ
ۿ˿Ѿ붨Ӧϣ¸СʼʰҰˡ
ֽģһֻ
ףԿҰ
׵˵ĴԴ룬Ȼ룡ΣĲ˵⿾ı¿һѽⵤҩԶˣżҲûζǣ
¸һ֡
԰˶ְ
㶣أѾѪҰСӱȥ
¸״ֵӸˡ
ؿڵĶ౦űСԴС۾µµתˣҲԡ
þûԹҰˣǰŷ¸ɽڴɽ£¸ץͷҰζֱٳԲѽ
¸ҡҡͷʧЦ
һ㹦˶ҰͱڻϿ
ʱƳȳȣӲӣĿҰƮ硣
ζֱ˰ɽͷ֮ǰҰ.㣬˶ˡ
Ӧһ֪ʱȻʯͷڷ¸費Զ
ڷ¸ΪƤʱӦϾȻͷһ˦תɽ˳һ磬ɽ
׼չˣ
һվҹ
Ӧϴɽ߳ʱ磬ȻѾָˡ
-

104 ոգɶ

Ƽ¸翴㶡ǹЦ
ʦãѾָʦõΣԣǻȥˮʦúԨʦܵĺá
¸Ʋ졣
һǰͺˣҪΪ˵˺ðɡ
¸ĵͷˣǾͳɣȥԨȥˮʦá
Ӧ΢΢⡭һ𣿡
һ˭Ҫһ𣿷¸̸ȴһصĵҾûǷֿȽϲˡ
Ӧᡣ
˵ĺʵϾ۰ɣ
ôϾ˼ҵʵԽնɱԪӤܣɲ˭ɽҲһ
Ӧϻȡһ¡
һǾһ·㻥иӦԨʦܲǿȥһȥˮʦá
¸翴˿뵽⼸գҲûôˣʼҲȸȥǣҵԨ֮ԸԸȥˮ飬Ǿ͵ÿˡ
ӦϴƣȴҲκΣϵˮ飬ãã˺⿿һȥңֻӲͷƤͷ
á
¸һɣֽŲתǾ߰͡ɣ
϶˸ɽӦֳ˽磬뿪ɽûãһӰ缲Զݽ
գ֮㵽˶˸ǰ
һѹӦϺһϡ
ֻǻɢ֮ħ޵Сޣɱ˱ķ.
Ӧ˲ͷ׻ôˣ۵ײһƬҡ
Ƿ¸ɫһƬȻΪһѡ
ʲô.û
Ӧһ˵ɶʱˣһ۲գŻѣӦв
ӵģˡ
ȻԼ硣
Ҳɵģ¸ʧڷϣҲ˶ûλǰĪϴˡ
ϴߣ
ħЫŮһҿǲײĲᡣ
˵űһֻ֣һĽŵģɲӦ⼸ĵˮԪ
ǵô˵
ˮССԪħЫŮ˺ѷεĽţӦʦ֣ңȾң
챻ĥˡ
¸һƳˮԴɱ⡣
Ȼ
ѹӦϼյĴѶѹŮħͷôҵǡ
ԭǳͽ
һ˿ԪӲд
ˮ飬᲻֪ʹǣŮħͷҲȻŹǱˣֻΪ˶ǧ֮һܡ
¸ЦؿӦһۡ
Ӧֻͷ¸Ӳˡ
Ȼ¸ȻЦƾտڰ˵ɱľɱˣħ޶ô𣿡
Ӧͷ˹Ƶġ
ħ޽˵ĳڣԭаƲοǻɱ˼ҵķ.
֪أħҲ֪ǱЦˣǾĻ˼ȻĹ𴽽ǣЦˡ
Сޣ㵹ǺȤתͶ£ΪʦΣ
Ҳòô˼ˣοСŮ޶ʵȷӲʮɣѾǽ𵤳ˣʣɽ磬ҲҲ
תͶħޣǺЩν˺ôһ
ѾͷҲȷԵ
Ϊ״ӣô
¸ЦЦָ䣬һöɫӡǣͷ롣
״ӡӡǡ
ǻǱǸýǰ̧һ治֪״ӡظġ
ħЫŮۡ
Ƕ״ӡǣĽʱ״ӡ
Ҷչգǰʶʦ
ѰлҳвһѾͷаŶˡ
ħޣɱǱһתۣôͺҳ
ˣֲҳԴƣһС
ħЫŮˮ飬һ˿΢Ԫ񶼿ɵۡ
ʲʲô
ħЫŮ΢΢ɢһ˲¸аһ
вŵĿǻʿȫһʱƤģ¸õġ
ɲ˴ó
ħЫŮǰ벽񣬾뻯һ֮ңẽϿ̤뻯ˣȨһ㰵ص֮Уʵۿۡ
ҲԽħЫŮˡ
ʱӦֻ֣Բۣ
Ҫǧ֣ӦҲû뵽ֽ
벽ħޣȻôһСѾͷƬӸˣҪǲԼ۾ë
֮ģȻϽˮ಻ġݡ
Ҫ˵ӦҲǸݵġ
Ҫ¸赹ǲ£һħЫŮˣգ֮䣬ὣʹ˹ȥ
Ȼʵʵİ벽Ϊ㱻¸͵ϮɹˣҲӦһնɱ˵ġ
һ̿ա
ħЫŮ۵׾һƬĺ⣬һ𣬱ݶӣǰһݻǡţ
Ӧֻͷһ
ոաɶ˶
-

105 ܲܶ㣿

Ӧϻع񣬷¸ЦôõĻȻûóѣʧܡ
Ӧٴ˸Ρ
Ϊ˶һ.̬ûѾܲˣ뻹ܷӦȥ͵Ϯһ£ܲ⡣
ҲѾԼˣ
ԶԷҶԴӵӦϾ֮
䣬һӲӰǴ
¸衣
¸ӳŴ
ʦ棿ôˣ
ҿܲԾӣһͶӰ
ϼ¸иö˶˵ģɵ˿Լһ
ոĴȻܵԼһ˿΢΢ӿǼķڷ¸ϵľ
ķ¸ΣղŶ¸ϲˣǱԪϸϹ
ոտΣˣʲôˣ
ʲô˸ͽˣ
Ҫ˵ʱʦͽΨһ֮ǻ̡
οΨһͽܵΨһͽܣΨһͽ
˭ҶҪĵ׵׼
¸ɻ˲Ȼ뵽
ʦǸӦԵһʱϹģ
ҲȻףħЫŮΪʲôӵôˡ
˵˵ôҲǸ벽񣬼ʹ͵ϮһˣҲܽӦɱô׾͸˶ӡ
ԭ֪ʦ
ʦ棬û£ղҺӦʦһ벽ħޣѲŶħ֪ʦӦǰˡ
Ҫǵ£ǼնɱħЫŮķ.һг
ü
´ôΣյ£Ҫǿ
˵벽ħޣǸԪӤ.ҲǼʿֿܹġ
ħЫŮ
üë壬ƺҲþûɽħˡ
˳ֱͳ
ãмǲ׶ãͷԱ
¸৵һˡ
ͷöȻǶư
Ǹʦ氡ŸɽôΣյ¶ôҪıܲܡ
һ㲻ҪĻȻǱʯǸСӴˣһĺƤ
۵㵱ǴײأţһŶûУˣûʲôҾˣҺΪ֮ɡ
˵һһӰ˲ʧ
¸ҰҰвʣӦϺ޲һƺϵı飬Ϊ⡣
Ӧϣ
ôǳ.ҫ
ǼĽּʣƫƫûַߺޣ϶СǼԹ¸ˣȷûС
ֻǇNɪС޲úݳһ١
֪ԼǶ֣ɼܲס
ֻýעת˵ħˣƱҪ±չʱҲˣԨʦܻǵǻϣȥѰԨʦܣٻŸɡ
ڸոձħЫŮʱ˳Ԫˮ飬ֻδᡣ
¸ƲһۣҲ֨
ֻǶġǡЩ壬֮䣬ʲôʱõͳˣ
Ӧû¸Ͷֻɽһۣ֪Ķ
֮˵ûҵطôʣõʱ䡣
¸룬̤Ϸɽߵ̫ɽأ
ӦϴǼɲع˹ֱǷȥ¸跢֣ӦϹǸƶĻͼ
·ĵطû֪Ϥġ
죬ŵִǡ
ϢڷҲıֵ֣÷з
ǰͽǣǷѣջķ
Ǳµ·ָָ󣺡ת䣬ֱߣһ·תˡ
Ӧϱȭл۷¸裬˸û˵ĺͬҪôϰԯ䡣
ӿڶͻȻ˼ģˣЦٺ٣ʶģϽֵǮĶ
ô컯֮ϴٵˣ
ڳ˿ڸӵĵط
¸輴öֶ˶٣ӦɫһСڣҪ쭰ɣ
æתǰûûصֳ
һٶǼᣬΪ¸ǸｿСҪӱ
ʵڲ֪ʵӦҪǡ
СٺЦٺ٣СӣʶģֵǮĽģеǾ˺
˵꣬Ҫƫͷƣ¸粻Ǹһ߶Ӧϸ߳һͷʵʵĻǸСѾͷƬӣҲʵ᲻ʲôԵȤ
ֻһۣ¸оܵıӣʱŭˡ
ﵱһһߵģϸȣ񱻼С.åˣֱǺ벻̡
ôںģǸŮ˰̣Ȼܡ
ڷ¸һ߹ȥͬʱӦϱƲͷ
һģס
ֻ˵һ죬ŰżһĺУ֮伣ˡ
ͷֻɵĻ˻ͷ¹ʲôûУΪˣָøĸȥˡ
-

106 Ҳǣû

ڣӦֳֻһ磬ߺ죬ĵͺ.
Ӧмɿǵģϧʶģֵ˭
ǰ֨¸絢ˣ
вصͺ
Ϊ֮ˣҲǷ˷Ϊɣ֮ΪɳĴڣôĿŵƽͷգ
Ҫĸ飬ҲҪ֪֪
¸ӵǸˣ»ע⡣
»أ
ӦϷ˸ۣ»أ湻Եġ
Уţƣ
øСѾͷƽϣô˵Ҳȹķϣξ͵һƨˡ
ûϽߡ
˽磬־Ͳˡ
¸һģзִ磬ˡ
ۣɸһصġ
¸Ťͷ߳ǰֻͷƳǼһۣСļһϻںߺ죬ͦʬװ
Ӧϳ˳ǣ˳ֳ˽磬ڷ¸߳
˼ֹһСӡ
ط¸赹ǵ˸磬ֲ۵ⴳóԯ䣬ȫƺȱ˵ʲô
ԭӦϣһûע⣬۵һײڽϡ
ô
ڲͬ˹治Ѱ·綼ôǽһ
ñӡ
ŷ۵ĶʣӦת·ڵǽϵȡ
֪¥йףڶľƹݶ¥ǽΧһȺүǶ
ǹͷɴ񻣬һ¼޺ѣŴԥ
ȻԶƼżһ¿ǽµӦϡ
Ӧƭ˵˵һҲе֮ʣһַ׵УǾԾƮƮɰ
ǹһ۱ֽ׵Ӧϡ
ҲǸӣ׼ͷԹãԵӦʶס
Щǽµһӹ˳ת׷׻ͷҪȥ
ͼȵСϡ
Ӧһ٣ʶ뽫׳ȥҲ֪أղŻһӵЩˣȻֽӦӵӲϡ
ô
ǵϰʶôߣȢ޵Ĺôţ
ûӦϻأҵһ˱һӵϡ
˹ܼģˣǰӭүϲүȥţһ˰ɡ
áү
Ӧɵۡ
ʲôүҲǣûС
˵ձ㽫еӣǹܼʹɫһҶ˻
ָ˵콫үظ
ȺֽҲܼҷԸְ꣬˽ŵǰ

С۹ǺðôݵĹӣ亱УǺÿý
мСѾͷ
ӦϱҪǶǷˣηηβֲöһʱѲ
÷¸輰ʱ߳Ӧһɫ顣
¡
¸迴ƣһתͿˣЦˣǵӦһա
ѾͷȻЦ⻹ģ
¸ǺһЦǹҿʵѽӦʦ޸ǳ˰ɣ
ӦһӶ͹ˣã
¸ʦã㲻ôص
˵꣬ͱְ˽ŵƳԶ
ӦϾʧغŷ¸裬ۿ¸軹һֵļƣӦϼˡ
˲˸ŷ¸軯һӶߡ
Щ˿ɵۣðβŻع񾪺ɣˣ
ɡˣ
һȺ˵ľȣŴ˷ţҿˣɰɣ
ţĹλң죬겻ѵ찡ǼҹүǸɰ
¥λһµĹҲɵۣ벻ղһ۾ͿеˣȻôס
ԵСѾߣҲһһէСС㣬ɹӡˡ
ô죿ҹүˡ
С¡
ǲ
ţС͵૵޵ˡ
Ȼ֪Լ߲ʣǿƲסĵ
÷¸ݣ׵һ仰Ǹһ鰡
˵ʱ¸һܻصŽһǵӦϡ
ܾܣ
ӦҲۣһϵƣʲôңҵùܺˣ
¸㵹ùʲôϵ
Ҫ֮ǰŪˣڸǣôʱ䣿
˳ǵģΪֳˣ¸ЩŭոһѾˡ
˵úܿȥԯ䣬ڿջȡ
ӦɫݣôҲͬţһͬһɽôգΪ㲻ȫΪѣҲЩ֮ͬˡ
û뵽ѾͷǸ治ȵʯͷӡ
ֱˡ
Ӧһߣ¸ȫû£Ťͷž½ǣһ̧ͷȻһӰҴҶ
-

107 ǧ֪

ô
ʵʣô֪
˲Ǳˣ֮ǰ¸Լÿջԯ䡣
ԯ䴽ǽһɫƣضӦϿۡ
Ҵʱұŵ㣬պÿǣ׷ˡ
Ӧϴʱ޲һԼϣһ䣺ôǸᣡ
Ԩʦܣ鲻ʵǡ
ԯĻ
òͣȻŵùֻ㡭Ų
ӦƼŻѪͼɶɣһСһɽҲ㿴˺ܶࡣ
Ƥŷ¸裬ҲǲһӶ
һ⣬˭˭ˣ
ӦҲûҪ͵˼Ŷ˵ˣ¼ȻԨʦѾҵȻҪ
룬˼Ȼˣˮˣ̺֪٣ʣСģһҪôôȥģٳ
ڣôȥ
ԯ俴˷¸һۣòӦеơ
Ҫȥ
¸ҡͷѵó˵񣬻ûú
ԯ䴽һãǾͲȥ
棬Ǿ湻˵
Թ˵ȫġһ˺Ե
֪Ӧϳʲô̬Ȼڷ¸ԯ۶ô䳰ȷǲߡ
ҲǸӾȻ̵
ⲻ֪ʱΪֳһСķ粨
̺ܺ󣬲ûмŻڣֵա
Ϊȷһʧ˽ϵڵСӣѯʷ¸ûл
֪һûлϢ̴ǹЦʱȥɥˡ
֪
˹һǱҴӻʱɽĵӻһ
ҲûֱͣŴ
ˣӦʦֺʦǡħޡɱˡ
ʱﻹвڳ׷ײĿȥһĳľʱ
˵˵ʲô
СͽĻƻúõء
̱һһ㶣漴ʱʦ壬֪һʱܲˣʦõȷʱһȥǣ˭֪ľȻһԪӤڵħޣֻҺʦƴ˳
ƺһ㣬ɢϢ涵ĿһĶϡ
Ȼµʦ𣬾ӦʦҲˣˮʦãһȥĻʦĵӣԨʦܡ
̿һյϢͷȷ
ʱɫʮѿ
ö˶˵ͽܣûġ
ߺߴǬͳ¸Ļƣƻö˶˵š
СĻƣͽúúõģȴҪˣ㵽װʲô˼
̺ɫ৵ؾͱˡ
ô᣿
¸ĻƻţǾ˵û֮ǰĻѣ񲻾Բȥˡ
Ʋ˶ܵ¶Ҳֽס𣬵ʱȻΪڵʸ֮ģǧָ
ҧŴǣʱҳһࡣ
˿ûΣֻҪӵϸһ룬ƾ׷ʲô
Ҫˡ
˽￴˿ɫ䲻õĶϡ
ʱʱؽͽܵĻƷϵľٶжСͽܣ
ڴʱƵ
ʲô£
ʱһָ֤ڵ΢΢˵ʦ˵С¸һɽԪӤڵħޣ˵С¸ǼˣС¸Ļúõģ˵ѡһǱͼı
ߣͽ㰴
΢΢ƲǱһֻۣһۣ̺û̧ͷ͸оһĪѹɵͷһ
ȴ˵¸ǼȷǺնɱһԪӤڵħޣǸ벽ķ.ޱ廹׷ȥ𣬿øϴҸıҶһ١
˵ֿ˶һ
ŴڣµӾȻ˶ͬˣ¡
˵Ŀ˶һۣԼŰɡ
ͼԣ˵˭ղ
̺Ե壬㽻ɶϴҲ޿ɺǡ
ɫݣµӳ˴˵ͽƽΪãΪصĵӣβ
׽ӣһǳ̲ܽϣ
ô˵Ҳļ£Ҫ˽½
սսڶ˴һƬ
ξϸ㣬Ҳû뵽¸ǲûɱǸԪӤڵħޡ
ֱǲܵ¡
̴ҧ֪֪͡
ϧǧ֪
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108 ڱ

ʱ¸һУѾ뿪磬ȴûлصţĴй䡣
˵¸ҲûĿĵɽˮ
ŸСϢԼ⣬ɫ̽ڿռλ¡
ţԭ統еǧС֮һ
ǼƾȨȽС磬һͨýٻȥ
գƷǡ
żȻһȺۣ٣˵ûУǧɽսر˲ʿҲȥʲôر˴󶯾
һʿװЦҿ˵벽ǰȥƾδԭĽڣͲ°СǶ
֮ǰ˵ЦΪΪʳǿ벽ʿбͲĶ
ʹȥǲȥ
ҵĵʿƺҲ׳־һĴȵȥôȥһڶȥһԣܲ㵽ף
֮˱УвҪΪ޷ǾǼ㣬ΪԼгһնɽٷ
˵˸õĹЯȥ
ԶȥıӰ¸һʱҲȤԯӦϣգգ۵ҪҪҲȥմ֣
ԯȻ޶ҪǷ¸ģǵɽ𺣲ţüëһ¡
Ӧ΢΢üȥʶҲá
رٲҶ֮սΪҲֻܴո֡
ֳ棬ʹǴҲ㹻ʶˡ
ǣԴGPSܵӦϣó߲·
ǧɽ
֮ǰǶ˵ɽ»ΪһһΪӪ
һɵŵӣһɢޡ
ĶᱦǰĦʢʱɵ÷׷Ħȭƣ͵ű
¸ҲС
һȥǧɽɽ¼ɽ˺˲δŵţ˽ǽΪ䲻ڵףҲЩԪӤԼԪӤϵʿԶˡ
ҲȽʱֻܼΧ
Щڴغģ˾͵ذӪկò֡
ףǲӦôӦڴˣҲΪᱦ
ڷ¸֮½˼ˣһȻʶӦϣһ˴żĵӳ
ڶԷ磬Ӧе̬ȾͱȽˡ
ԶҲ֡
ǳԶӦ䵭̬ҲŭЦ
ⲻǴżʦʦǳʶӦҲˣ
Ӧķ¸ˣȥʮģһ֪ŵĵӣΪӦϴСӳʶģ˵
ǡ
ĻȻΪ˵
Ƿʦģ⼸඼ڳ͵ٮٮߡ
ǧɽС򵥣ûҪ߱˲ǣοһԸӦϡ
ȻԶ֪ˣֺαضһʡ
ﻰⰵһ١
Ը˵඼޲ðѶԷݺһ٣ȴƫƫҪװҪúֵӣĵһСǼ˶м֮Ϊ顣
Զµƿԣһ˲һʦʦóȥ۽ǻƳӦһֺۣһ
ӦҲóһĸ̬ȣûһ£ԶƲںӵµԾճȭͷ
ŵһʲô˲
ĵȴΪûͨѡΣǺš
һɽдʣȫǰ˺ڣڲ֡
ԶڵţڶΪ׵ڡ
ʱɽɽռһϯ֮ء
ΪֻǴ˵رĴ඼һЩɢޣЩŴԴ񣬶ִͷ£һв롣
£ҲίɼʵһЩĵӳЩݵλģȷǲͽ
һȴͬȻǰ벽ΪĶԴǰ
ǴӳʶʵĻ˴ɽرûô򵥡
ʦ𡣡
Աߵǰߵļӡ
ҲոӦǰ̧°ֺʱ֮һ
ͬǼӡ
ʦǰ벽ߣӦеʦ𣬲ԪӤڵһ϶ѡ
˵ֻǶţȲ֮׵ڣȴҲǶͷĴڡ
ֻҪܹɹǧɽбֻһҲ޿ܡ
뵽ˣԶ͡
ƲһۣϸЩĪҪʲô©
еǣʦ𡣡
һڿȫ׼Դ˴бʵνڱصá
ֱ۵üԽԽĴܷ׷׽¸缸˲ŻȻƺﲻԾ
-

109 Χ

ҲɽϵıԷǱѰҸܻô֮͡
¸üһ˵
Ӧԯ׷׵ͷʾͬ
Ӧ˵:ҲҲǣĪⱦﵱҪȻ벽죬ȻҲűţ
ôܣڻ񡣵ƾǼԲģҪзһǸǲܡ
ǡǰ
¸ͷҵĴˣзţ
Ӧϵͷдʦ𣬸֪
˵ձռĵطһ磬ʦ𣬵Ķϳ䣬Ҫؽǧɽһ
ϳƬ̲ʣҲǧɽ㻹˭ڣ
ٶеĲԾʵʵ˵ʦúԨʦҲڣһ𡣡
һ˵ĶϷ
СӣҲȥյģǱĵҲˣո֣ʶ΢ıסС⡣
ƫƫǷ¸СѾͷǶӣȥ֣ôͣˡ
һи̣ʱðͱ
ǶжǸСͽܣ˭֪
Ӧӷʵģ͸ˣ޲͸򴩹ȥš
ʦʦ𣿿кβԣ
ԣԴˣ
ϼǵ׺ӦϣϿ죬ʱĵ뿪ǧɽϡ
Ӧһ˲ûʳΪʲôֻ֣ǳ¸迴ۣһԥǶˡ
ǾظӦѯʶ˵
¸ʹӸոϲǧɽıȷǱѰ
뿪
һϲӭѶϵķ¸Ψһ仰
Ҫ߾͸Ͽ졣
ߡ
ô˵׼ᱦ˻ˮĴûᣬҲ
ûӴ̼öû˼
ջǧ꣬Լ¶ңǰ׻һء
ô˵޶ӦһֲġȸС
˵УΨʣǵ̼Ǹеô׷
ãǾһء
¸һЦ۽Ƕһ˿ȵðǵʦһڳӦʦֱһе˰ɣ
Ӧϣ
ոǲ̫ˣ
ѾͷҸģʲô׷󣬴̼Ǳڲ˰ɣоںڻü
Ҫô
ܸоѾͷССƤҵĹѾͷһӻˮпڵ֡
ͱˡ
¸費ܣ͵˵ǴӺɽƹȥ
ע⵽ǧɽĶ򶼱ΧˮйͨΨûʲôˡ
ӦϵȻҲע⵽ˣ˵Ǳ֮ûˣЩܺǧɽЩ
¸Ȼԭˡ
ûϵǼֻô
ֻޣ˵óڣӦǶҪƲˣվ˵ۡ
ǧɽ֪Ǽֻô򵥣
벽ҪüλסǵĽ硣
мְգ
Ӧ̲סʵ
ʱѾ˲͵͵˺ɽĽ紦
¸ʼ磺
ʲô
Ӧϵ͵;а
ģǵԯ䲻סЦҪǺڣں˻ü
üƨ
ˣҪƤӵ³˵ʲô⣬ʱʦ廹û
ӦʶʼСǣߣˣֻӲͷƤϡ
ֻ硭
Ǻüλľӵµģ˻񣬱˿Ʋˡ
Ӧ˵Ҳãȥ
ֻû뵽û뵽˵ǰ벽񣬾ǻµĽ磬Ҳδס
¸軽౦ָָˡ
౦ᡣ
Ӧϲ⣬Լ֮Ŀɿڴ£౦˻ӷСצӣֱһ
Ȼʼڿӡ
ֻ˰㹦򣬶౦Ӱڽһͷʮֵצϵ
Ӧ̿ˮ
⡭ⶼԣ
ֻⶴ
󶴽ȥδҲ̫С˵
¸ַųף׶û˵˳Ŷ౦СڣһצһצӵĿʼڶ
ֱǰƴС䵽һˣӦϴʱıѾˣ¸ԺܽڳҲ̫С֡
ȥɡ
Ӧԥһ£ͣ٣ͱ¸һ߽
ϹĥʲôϽġ
ӦҧӶȥԯ䣬Ƿ¸衣
ӶͬʱԼΧһƬѹһССѾΧΧˮйͨ
Ӧĵװ⣬ǱΧˣ
ô죿
˿¸裺취
¸˫ֻأ౦һļͷѹһţʱЩޱֹǰ
-

110 Ҷ

֮ǰ౦ƸҲֻǲ˸ţ嵽ʲôΪҲ౦ʩչʶѹȻ뺮ëˡ
¸ҲǳԾС
̲סʶʵ౦ڵΪʲôȼˣ
౦ССڷ¸ͷֻǰצСصɪڿǰ벽ôҪݸ磬ֻǸ˵
ǵɪСģ÷¸̿һֻֽ౦źƵǰ۵ţ˵ʲôû塣
౦Сȶѽѽſ֪
Ҫӵ־Ҫޣôǰ档Ժô˼ޣǧޣޡ

ƣôΰ־
¸۽ǳ˳һ۵Ҫ
౦˵벽񣬷¸ﻹ𾪵ġ
СһٶҲ̫˰ɣֱǲŻϴڡ
౦ԼҲֱֹԭٶȿûô죬ţ
Ǻŷ¸贩ԽԺ󣬷¸ÿÿܸմЩ⡣
⿿ԼҪֱ̫ܡ
ԴС磬巽еõԪ֮ȫΪҲŴƵವǡ
ѵΪռתĹϵ
ô벽ΪʵʵģһȺ޶౦ſʶ̽ȼߵƺҲֻǽӽԪӤڡ
벽ѹǡ
û޵谭޺˳Ľǧɽĵشмر֮ء
¸˶ϢڲԶʯѺй۲졣
벽ĸڵĶߣ༸ɢޡ
ӦϿһͷף߱ڤսڵĶߣպ
ľͲ˵ˣڶ෵޶ĸʢǰᱦ
Ӧֱࡣ
ʲôرǿߡ
ô¸˵
Ӧֵİ׵һۣ˵أ
ǰ벽ĸԪӤﶼһץһѣ估¸ʤǧɽΧˮйͨ
ôĶǸʲô
ӦЩɵ۵ѹʦǲͣѲ֪ʲô
ܿ죬Ӧϣ¸裬ԯĿɿڴԶԶһڡ
ͷ֮ˣȻǷ¸ʦʱ
Ҫ֪ȻʱƽʱĲôŵҲʵʵİ벽ΪڵĶ֡
¸΢΢ĻӦϣ档
֪ôȶˡǼʲô⣬ûǸʵסҲȥҲٲñ̻
ʱʦĺðɽС
ӦһһСй¶Ϣһڻߣ׷׶Ŵʯȵ˭
¸һۣ㣡
ӦףȻѾˡ
ʱͳ˼λСһﲻ£ŵλʵڱǸ
ֲĿ
˷ˣʱ˵¸ΣϢԹԴӴʯ߳
ȻǼСһɫΪתһЩ뵽ôӰСȻƤӵ£һ̹
ʱŹԹֻ߳ǰͷԴһͰ͵ķ¸裬ֺֺЦ
֪ǻСѾͷƾӦôͨӣѹסŻ𼱻Ǵ˸Ϲ
ǧɽ£ڱҲҪһŵġ
ⳡ棬ľڡ
ò׽ѹ˭֪Ȼ֦ڣڿɲЩɢޣʵڱϾһء
ʱ˵ֻͽܣԼʮǰѲ벽񣬸ǲ¡
Ҫ˭ʤ˭Ǹδ֪
⼸Сŵĵӣŵһڣûõµ۶ѾǽˣǳǰˣԹӢ۳갡
͸ŹŹ֣¸輸˿ɲڵĶʵĿǡ
ֲЦˡ
¸費ǰޣҵҵǽʦŵٹˣ˭ͽ״أǰʦ
¸ɵߵʱվãһµڶŭԡ
ϾĽˣҪĸһƽϡСǼ
߹һЦŶ˵أԭʱ״ӣȻηʱֵǺø
ⲻǿһֻʱ㡰ʶʱ񡱣ȴűǺһ
ǣҵͽܲˣߣûǴĻλǵδͨѡ֮˰ɡ
λεڴ£ҲʯӸɵó
ϵЦҪסˡ
-

111 ؾ

׻˵ĺã˲˲Ҷ̣ʱƫƫϲ˶̶ϵףҲ֪ôڵģͷ˶ٴС
ŵһͽݣԵ£òȴ
ʱ˻ͷʰǵվվã¸輸ʵ
ʪλ벽ߣһǶһֻһס
ҲҪƵģ¸ٿҲûĳ̶ȣ벽֮Ĳһǰ㡣
ͬɱħЫŮֻһԪӤڵķ.ɰ벽ı壬ʮ¸Ҳֻбɱķݶ
Ǽҹ
˵꣬ʱŷ¸ߵһռء
ʱһǰģҲǼϼмϵͽ״ӣһٮٮߡ
жҲˣӵ۾ۡװȵӦУͷٸˡ
Ӧӣûҿ
С֪ʦĪҪ
ϼۡ
ֱֹ־
⼸ĻͷӣֱҪ
ӦϻµļӣȻҲΥˡ
һٷԸ¸˴ţû뵽ȻҴɽֱ֡
ƫƫ⸱ϸˣȲϷ¸ǸѾͷƬӣûѾͷղһ벽ߣֱ׳ġ
Ͳܸѧѧ
ϼֱЩɸֵͷЩƫ֪
Ҳȫ
ʱ߹ԲĻ᲻֪϶СѾͷմģ˵û˳ˮ飬Ҳöи̨׿¡
Ȼϲ磬ҲӦ˺ôһ
ԾǱ۵ġ
Ӧϣ̫ˡ
ʱʱüëһҪεķ¸裬С
¸죬ʱҰҰ죬ѵ䲻ͽܣǸίСģʱˡ
ˣˣΪʦû˼Ժ֣ɸΪʦΪʦȥ͵ˡ
ˣԭ͵͵ţ뿴ʱγͽһ߱ͽܣû뵽
ֱûۿ
ɴԹԵԭش붨۲Ϊ
¸Ҳͦģʲôû˵أԭ׼õһ˵ǣһ䶼ûó

˾£ԼĪգջƻ裬ĺ˶ڴ붨Ȼɽһ춯˷׷ۣĿ
ֻǧɽһƬ֣ɫ棬˰벽ߣ˵ȶ̵ۡ
󣬰һ¡¡ĺ֮ǧɽɽȻƾѿһѷ졣
˲󾪡
⣬ʲôرǡ
Ϲؾ
Ҳ֪˭һŻ񣬷˷Ƶؾڳȥ
ѹ֡
ѹѹϢ˶ǰѹֶϲ÷¸輸˿ǧɽѹֻô벽ߡ
˵벽ģ֮ͨû뵽ȻһϹؾڡ
ʲô
ֱǴˣؾ֮УĶпǸر˵дС
˳ԣؾû׼п˴УҲпĳٵĶС
һ֣ǶǧѷĴԵܲۺ졣
ôһѾв˷ӵؾ
˵˶Եջͬڡ
Ƕ֮ˣ֪ΣգҲԲ⵽ƤӵµĻᡣ
ǼĪɢˣָʲôΣա
׿ڶ߲˵ؾ֮ɱ˶ᱦ̫˾ռߵˣʹɱˣҲ֪˭ɵġ
⵽ǸʲôؾҲδ֪ŸΣԡ
ǣʦ
ʱ¸Ҳд󣬱ϾЩԪӤԼ벽һ𵤣治ġ
ʹ˸ɫӰأʱһڵؾڡ
¸裬ԯ䣬Ӧ˸ʱ߽
һؾض˸ģ
ǧɽѩؾֵů̲ݱأؾһ߼ʡ
ͬһڽˣȴ͵ͬĵط׼ʱͬʱס¸󣬹ƴ˿Ѿֿˡ
ԯҲǵһʱס¸裬ԯӦϷӦҲǼ죬˳קסԯһǣûбֿǣѾȫӰ
ô£
Ӧһ£뵽ԼӦ죬˵ѾĶˡ
˲ӿ˼֡
ʱʦ壬ؾƺЩŹ֡
ʱʱҲңҿոԼоԣʶС¸ס롣
ȱô࣬ǰˣҪҪȥ
¸˫ۿǰһƬɵƺӰζĿʱѯʵ
-

112 ؾ

ʱ΢˼Ƭ̱˵ͷСȣʾ¸輸ȱŪ죬˵
ʱľ˲ײ٣ڰˣȻڵĶߡ
ʱǣ
ʱһߣĲûмˣɵߣôôҲͬɢˣ
ɫԱ䣬˿ʱԼС֮⣬ȴӰȻ
ͷ
ţؾΪŹ֣Сĵúá
飬˿ʱ
ʱżŲףؼʱ̻ǾģⱾಮ֮䡣ʱΪͬҲ޺ô
ط͵Ź죬οӣֻҪⲻС⣬Ҳǲԡ
Լǡ
϶Ļظĵװһ
ð벽Ϊһؾ壬Ƿš׶һҽУ׷һ̽ʲôûУҲͻȻġ
Խõ졣
ڴʱٴһҽС
ѭ׷ȥһԼĪʮˣΪһ
Щ֮ǰҲԪӤΪĴܣȻΪһ֣ɼﲻͬѰ
Ѿˣڵһ
ʱ˹һЦƷȻϹؾ
ʱһۣƷ
ֻȻ֮䣬һƬʱ΢ʲôʱƷɴײˣ
ǼؾҲʹ˴֪ؾ
ĪǡϹؾ˶
Щ۵ɢޣԪӤǽ𵤣ɱۡ
ƺ˸ȾʱӦϣЩƲסҪǰᣬ˭֪һ
žһ¸һ˦ϡ
Ӧһס
ոա
ʦʦ壬ҡ
ħôȻĲȣ㱻ƻˡ
ҪǷ¸һƼʱ˿ѾЩһ跢ˡ
Ӧĵ׺Ȼط̫ˡ
Щܻǡ
˲䣬¸йϡ
ʱͷӦˣЩƺѾʧǣ˵ز˾뿪ĺá
˵꣬ⲻ࿴˷¸ԯһۣСǽ𵤣ıȶţôԪӤ˵ȴֱܱģɼԼᶨͬһ㡣
Ǹӣɶá
СѾͷԸ߰⣬ҲòϣѾͷ츳ãɵЩʱ
һС߳ǰȻһƬʣӦͫһȺ
⡭
ֱǱ
ЩЩѵһֲҩ԰ʱʦ壬ܲܡ
ӦϿƲס˼
ΪޣܺӵľǸϧֲۻңֻ۾ˣЩƷЩֲ͡
ʱſʶһɨͷţЩʲô⡣
ؾȻзݣʱ治ʲôֲҲ֪޵ΪЩ˭ʱ̽Щֲ޲֮
׿ϣӦϴϲֱֲˣǬȡЯװԭؿʼֲ
ԼĪһӵĹ
ӦֱЩؿ˿ֲСôԶʱߡ
ʦ壬ˡ
Щûеĺֲڻȥ׼պֽҩ԰
Ҳ̫ʱ䣬ֻ۷ˡ
㡰ʶʱ񡱣Ҳû̫ͷʱ۵Ǽǰ
ƬֲǰһСɽС¥ǰ߶ȣȷ಻׸˼·Ŀܡ
ʱͷ֣⴦ؾ޷УֻͽЩΪȴڣҲϡ档
˸Ҫɽͼʮ˴ɽ
졭ܣСޣ
÷¸輸˾ɵǣһܵУȻһλ벽ף
ð벽񶼶˻ƵĶӣɽϵޣҪôΪڶ࣬ҪôгԽ벽Ĵڡ
ǺߣǾͿˡ
޻ͬԱŰҰѵһΪбǲݡ
ʮǿȣԶԶ޷սʤͬޡ
ߣ
Ƴԭزʱ⣬벽ޣǶ֣ܡ
ʱȣϸͣһɢޣʱҲѵõĺһΡ
Ŀ벽ޣ
ﾹȻлⶫ
ɵĹ򣬾ɽһŭ
أ
һɫǷŭسɽŭ
ǡ
Ӧ촽ڷ
벽ıǣȻޣѹ߶Ҫˡ
ǲӣ
ɫһ䣬ʱɫҲǱ˱䣺Ҷ˺ҲδǵĶ֡
һߣʱŷ¸輸תһĨ⡣
ǵͺһХſ񱼶
-

113 

ʱŷ¸һ·񱼣ǾͲ׷ˡ
лᴭ.ϢҲûӦģȻǰܵġ
ʱ⼸˲ܳԶͣ£üë΢塣
˵Ӧá
ֶǳ𣬺οǻǰ벽ޣһǲݣǴ
ô£
¸üëһšǲ׷ϣ쳤Х뵽һֿܣʱľãٻͬ顣
ޣҲȺӶš
ǧͬ顣
ʱŵͺһֻѾĶӡһȺĺôмӳ졣
ǾֻӲ֮ͬǰȽ
ߵ
ʱһۣҲվһ
⻹ԳǱǱˮһսܶ
һ
ʱ΢Цͷ
˴ȫһսʱ౦ӷ¸ϣǸңң
౦վڹиͷ˼£֨֨˼ǱҲǵ͵˻ڻӦ
౦ڸ
¸ʵ
౦ʶţˣ˵ˣЩأ͵ĺӣͷȺ죬͵С
¸ɫһѹ֣͵˼ҺѹҪˡ
ﶢŷ¸迴ϵСޡ
¸轫౦Ļתʱˡ
֪˲͵СԼ߼ҧһ
ߣôŵ汳ˡ
һɨ˭͵ǱǵС̣ҪñԶ֡
Сǲˡ
˵ؾΪ˶ᱦ˭û
΢䣬ڳ˳ʱߵˣһ
㿴ҿ㣬ȴ˭ûվԼ͵С
Щ˶ɢޣмڵĵӣһʱߵ
Щɢޣ˭ûС˼
ոճң˵û˿˭͵Сʹ͵СˣǱŽҵ
˭֪ʱһλԪӤɢޣָһԪӤɢ޵ҿ͵˱ǵӡ
˭Ҳû뵽ΪС͵ǲŻ⵽׷ɱΪǴصĹϵ
¸ôһѣ뵽ŻȻ֮ǰһĻ
ָϵɢһΣҧ˵͵ģ͵ʲô֤ݣһ˵͵أ
㣡
ָɢ޺ݺݶҧгݣû뵽ᱻһҡ
ˣû͵һѻ֪
ѻꣿ
˵һ㶡
ǿбѻ꣬ʲôܱסпʶҲпܱɵӡ
߹Ȼݾ
һƾʲô
ȻҪû꣡׹ȻǸݵġ
ƾ벽ʵ㡭ûзء
⻰ǿʵǿĻ꣬͵ùԹˡ
ĺģȻ鴫
ڳһǷ¸һӦ͵ͬ⣬ⷨЧġ
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114 ڣ

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۵ɤƽ׵һ˿Σա
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׵һ
ףҲʱ̴Ķ졣

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ؾֲһ˵ģνз粻ĵĹأο̰ãһʱлġ
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115 

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ڵĵӼæǰסҡµ⡣

˿ǿ֮ĩۿ۷¸Ǳһʱ⣬СѾͷշ´Σδؾôˣߡ
˾ݻν˲ӲԶ˵ء
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116 

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117 µ

ڣϴٸļˣԶĬû
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118 л

Ҳһ١
סҪͷĳ嶯жٸôа
ֲܳԼƻˣֻӲͷƤҡ
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ˣˣȥ¸Ϊʦ󣬱𵷵
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ӦмԥʦûɱϾֻǼӣ״ܵôǰۣȻǺãгһܳΪϵ״ӡ
ԥԥǵޣǲ̫ʺǰĴС
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׼ɤӣлһݣѹֱƹȥʹǲлǰǶɽʿҲֻʣһл꣬ѹɢ
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ؼʱ̣һȺԭõĵѣȴֱ֮£Ϊ˵õеõɸ
ҲˣⶴǷͬһ㣬ԭҲеõĴУǰ˾ǼҵɸУһɽٷޣڴˣɸڣл궼Աסǧˣʱ޿̲űѩޣǲл걻ڴˣǧֻ˴ҡ
˵ţǵл걶į
һҲһûԼ𡣡
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лȲʣʲô
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119 

¸۵׻һĨҪⶴϾҲӦ֪¿ûа׳Ե͡

ԯԼʯͬͬôͬһٶ
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123 ʬ

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125 Ȩ

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126 㵽˭

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127 

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128 ˵

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129 

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130 ֶ

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ʲôƸӲͬ⣬СӣǻҲҵĸԯƣ翴㲻ģһ͵ŮҸ㣬İɣ޹Ҳ޸ԯģ
ԯ䣺
үô֮ʲôԯһӻңĿ۷¸衣
ǿɲ˵Ͷϣүүͬ⣬ҪԧĻ˸ȥ˽үӿɲҪڡ
үһŭˣʲôո˽Ҫġ
ңҽȣ
ۿ𱬵Ͻ۸첲ӾҪ֣¸Ƥһסүӡ
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˵˦ߡ
¸üģԯһۡ
ʲô˼ҷ뱻ȣ
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Ŵˣ
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ƺеʵ䷴
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131 Ұԧ

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⼸ս´òˣɽϷҶʢһȥͷ㣿
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ֱ¸뿪ԺԯλƺȲƷϺͷ۶ûع
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ĪǷ¸ǣ
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Ȳ裬Ȳ裬үҽ㡭С˿үҽ÷ʵڰ䲻
ҲˣֻҪ¿˷¸裬ô˵Ҳƿܵñһˣ¸衭ﲻá
ܵôùϵͽţһͷݾ͵÷һ
һ򣬷¸軻һװ˼Ƥ멣Ůʮ㡣
һžõø޶ˡ
ԯ߽½˽멣Ŀ⣺߰ɡ
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۶Ǹôźã
۳ĬƬ̵¸衭ﲻˡ
֪ﲻãȴġ
֮ǰѾ˸ˣָ޸ĺã
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ۼϸ룬ǰһʱҪǽԶĸҪͬ¸ϵЩҿɾǽµСӣǿǻ׹ѽǣУǸĸ๣
ϵͷһ룬Ҳô
·иǲˣֻǸҳߵĴӣԶҪźá
ʡˣģԺ¸㣬ǵõһš
¸û뵽ǣԭϼôĸӶˣΪԯһ¶棬ͳ״ͷˡ
ʱѾ˾ǣʮһɽϣʢҶ졣
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ʲôʱÿգҵôõط
ԯһЦܾ֮ǰˣӿȾǳԣֹôģֻǱͨˣˬͷ۾Ҳ
¸ȻЦˡ
˵㻹øлͨأҪҲС磬Ϊǲҵˣ涯֣ɽ֣һδĶء
ԯ䲻ΪȻ
ͨĹϵʹûҲ뷽跨Ūȥ

¸૵а
ͦʣƮݣҪĻ¡
ԯڣͲᡣ
ǸӡǺܺá
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ԯɲôΪң޹ϵ
ǣǣǣûϵ˳һ֮⣬ȫû֮
һһȣˡ
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ǸǾϲֵģϲһЩ
¸ͷۡ
ⶼĶĶǰǼѣҪŸһδػ࿴һء
˵úã쭴׵ǲá
ϲ㣬ϲ㣬ȻϲˣĪ˵ʲôǰѾţҲ֪꣬ö˶˵Ļţֱ˵ӣҲϲġ
һ۵ûš
ָгһգἺΪ˵֮£ԯθڣֲǻն
ԯչü壬رѩڡ
ҪҪתתͷ羰
ѵ£Ƕ˶ԯ䲻˷ѡ
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ԺҰ׷ԲԣҲ
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ûǸᣬҶԪӤڵĴˣ˵Ҳٻǧ꣬㲻ٽһҲϣ֮£Ҫ˵ģָͰշˣлһϣ˵ˣ·϶гһվζˡ
ԯסੲݵ죬²Ѿͷ߻ɷ羰
أԶ춯
ˣ
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132 ʹ

Ӧ죬ϵŮ
¸辪ȣܷܷ
ǱѲ谮ܷܷŮָӻؾˣ
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Ƕ
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¸üôϵĴף
ԯɹЦźϸ
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һкóԵģ¸üЦð¥Ѽҿɲˡ
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һ·߱ĵÿ
¸ǰУԯ
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ҡҡλɽȥ¥緹ĵ¥ſĿﲻ
λ͹٣룬ѼǿǾһ
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ԯӣСǻǣȥ˨á
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ܵ¥õСҲʮֻģСŻŵģһİҲûУһǾʿݵĹˡ
һż䣬ݴǵƲˣһһ
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˵ų¥Ϻȥ¥żλݴһ
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Сº˳Źغá
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κ޼Ϊ̫ӣ´ĺ̸ҲӦľôá
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£
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133 ֡

ԯȫõģ¸ڵʱնɱԪӤԪӤǰʱ˲ٺö벽֮һս֮
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ỹи˶һ޵Լޡ
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СǹʵߵС̣ӵүūŽɣʥϴߵüүˡ
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134 ̫һҪõ

̫üͷһ壬õؿԯһۣʶһɨһȻ͸
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ԯȫ̽ڵʵط
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κ޼ԥ˵²õ˵Ҹһĵط
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135 

¸Ϭԯ䣬ԣ뵽¸룬һ۵ͷ
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κ޼һ㶣ԡ
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κ޼һɥҡͷҾͲˣҲΪȹһңһĪеĹйߣҲ֪֮࣬ҵ˵Ҳзģ߻ұ߾иУʲôϡ
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ԯһ٣ǸᣬðСӵˣԯͷ
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Ҫ֪Ʒ֪θ롭
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136 ǲǹ

¸ߺԯֻƿסԷȥ
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û˵ֿ꣬ԯݹöںҩ裬ɻʲô
ط֣ԴԯĪʧ٣ƾճ֮󣬽֮ǰˣء
ԯ俴һۣɫأмҪ㣬ܱܣ
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ôôʹ
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ԯѧ¸żĶһ̯֣ʾҲûʰ
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ԯʱˣһػһᣬȴӵ
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137 Ҿ

ԯһҹδߣ뿪ԷؾȻ붨ͷʶ;ʲô⣬һҹ
շѾڴǳߡ
ȻһӰŶ룬ԯֵ̧һȭͷ
ģȻȻ
ǹЦȭͷ
ԯѵú֣ԴȭͷȻĹŶƿ̴ľΣԼҤ໨ɣˡ
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غЦǹģƲ֡
ԯ䣺
ֱ𸹺ڣǳԶء
㣬Ĳ࣬ǲȱӡ
գ̯ڵأԯվԭأͷ˿ûһ
ˡ
ҪٸһΣǰ鳣
ƨɣŤͷߣһԯͷһƬǽ塣
ԯ̸̸ָ½һһӣ˵Ķƾʧ
ˣİ裬ԭ²һ顣
һ䣬˴ҴҽүͷС˲㵱ˡ
үˣ

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138 ϼݵ

¸ԯļƻɵذнţûգʹھٰ컶ӭʹĹ硣
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139 ̫ӵŮ

ԯһۣλߵһ࣬˽̫أҲǸĺûʵۡ
ԯؼλʮ꣬ĳҲ㰲ȣƽΪĴǿ֮һβģǿҲ֮С
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140 ҹڷɱҹ

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141 

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142 䣡

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¥ȴ꣬һ߳ϵ彣һ裬ƯĽ
ĳ׷׽кãã
ƤЦⲻЦӰڵĵǲϧˣ
û˵꣬һֱ¥˫
¥һָµ˫סŲŲæǧ֮ƣµ;ж˸ա
Ͼ.֮ʣºɨ̡
һЩˤ
̨ϵΧ˸Ǵкã¥
ʵ۵ɫ࣬¶΢Ц¥ļҵС
̫ػϣǾĵճСӡ
ԯһͷ
׵ԯƳ۶ķ¸裬ʶ¥Ҫ䡣
¸费
˻ڳ˭ոһ¥Ѿʮɹȴֻ˲ɣӮ
Ǹڣڳ֮Уֻ游Ӯ
ϽϾݰҲϳ
糹ҡͷ̾˿
СӲǶְ
߸պ¥游ϹүƳ۵Ͻ˻
ռϷ磬᲻çĶ֡
˵˻ǷϽ¶Ҫȥˡ
үӵٿ
ϹŤͷȥ¥֪ôһࡣ
ɺһϣĿ
СһߵѪ¥ǡ
̲סۣٿ
ΪСҪ޵ĺ֮ʱٴת
ոջӦӲϾ¥Ȼµ͹࣬Ȼƫ棬һ㣬ʮֱؿڡ
˶һ㡣
¥ջعƣȭá
ϲкȻͭ࣬¥Сʤ
ԼЩʹţ¥Լɵġ
ղͺܿһ㣬ǷԼΪ
ذλһӵ͵͵£и֡
ذλһ
Ұȥ
˴һ򣬱ζϷʡ
ҰлΪߵģڣͻƵף˵ǲ¶Ļ֮ˣĶҲһ֮ġ
ߡ
Сģǵˣʾ˺󣬳ΪĴĩһ
ԯϼһβˣ񻹻߸Ƥˡ
İɵ£Ұʧ
֮½ϣ˵ҰǸ۷塣
ȻҰһϳƶһˣԶԶŵΧȺڣѹ
ȻֲõԤУŷϽʵ
Ͻˡ
˵ƣǶ֣򲻹ҲͰˣʹȻ飬һиô
үšüˣȻֲףСǡ˵
ղһΪ¥µĶ֣Ȼؼʱ̷תүҲû뵽
Ϊ¥ʲôأû¶ۡ
¥ʱﻢ£ô˿أܲûɣĿɲֹԼоĵ档
ֻǰ˸ĸоΣա
롣
ҰһЦϣһָͷ
һҾվҵ̬ȡ
¥ҲǱŭˣѪյͣܵ衣
һὣʹ̡
ҰҲվԭֱһָ̧ɼס¥Ľ⡣
΢΢Щ¥Ľϡ
ôһ£¥ҲС
ϽۼãսȭͷƼҵСӡ
˱졣
¸¥󣬶ҰһƣҰɫһ䡣
Զѣ˵˵㵽ֹδЩˡ
ոһ£¥ˣ֪ԼǴӹŹһ⣬û뵽ĻǷ¸衣
ã֪ν¥Է¸ЩΪ뿪Ϊ¸衣
Ұǡ
СˣҶ֣
ǵ¿еˣҲһλʿ档
֣
¸ü㻹䡣
һҰͲˣ⻹Ƿ¸Ľ
Ұǿװ򶨣Ůϴѹ̫ǿȫǶ֡
ִǰɱѴ֮
ҡ䡣
ذλ¸ˣָֽͬʱҲ֣¸边ѹסҰƵͷ䡣
ĪҲߣΪҰ֮ϣ
Ҫ֪Ұ˵УͣҲҪһ
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143 ̫

ذϻšüѲɷ¸ѾڣΪϸܲ˿
ΨһֿܣΪ鱦
ء
ذλЦˡ
ãܺãȻܺá
¸赱ߣڱصãҲΨɫŮˣ
ܵذλȵ񣬷¸šüĨȥļ䣬ҲȫǺ¡
ذλҪ˫۾Ҳ
ذλû˵ʲôߵ˵ͺȵߵ̫ӵ¿㣬ĸ֣˭ĵһٷµ⣡ëѾͷԼе㱾¾۸ڶˣղѵǲ֪ʲôߵغ񡣡
¸Ц
ߵغǲƾǡһϰɡ
¸ĿһһŭˣһԾ£һ죬һƾճ֣ò֮˵
ֶΣ
˲Լͬ¸ϧˣ
Ͼͷ󺹡
ôѾͷҲӣ¥ҲҪˡ
Ͻ־ţ
ǿŮδ̫̫
Ͻӣɫ˿䣬ԼſϷ̬ԡ
Ϳ˻ɵˣ
ǿŮι
Ͼҡѷ糹ȴ˵żѵãϷϷ
ŮµүӻŵأѾͷøĹôԼȻ
ƾձôɶֶܿء
ֻʯ֮䣬˵ĳѾ˷¸ǰ¸ֽ¥ƳԶ¥ֻԼܿƵصʮףվȡ
¸ƵֵԷλεĽ⣬ľ׺ֻãƺʲôסˡ
ܽҲ˲á
ľط֣ǰѾͷΪֵز
ľ׺ɫǺ죬ڲԡ
ڳʹһľ׺ܵ⣬׷±䳡
һ
̨ϲĿɿڴ⣬⡭
ԯ˶ˣĽϵͷ֡
Ȼģ벻ЩؼؾȻģϵ֮ˡ
ЩﳾĻʼʷᣬģ
ôܲ
ԴǼΪʣĶΪˡ
ֻǿأ޷֤ģԣο۵ü
߻ңߣû´
ſľ״ˣ

߸Χ¸裬ڰա
¸Цľ׺ֹȴ޷ڣֻüż
һȺѵѾͷĶ֣ƾǻͲˡ
գۼ䣬һ¸һ߳Զ·ɽһ򣬲ԴС
˼״Ҳ˵ʲôԴСԶ٣ʲô治ģ׷һӵϡ
¸һ㣬²һѺϲ֪ʱһ쳤ޣһ˷׷׵ˡ
ʵѹڽ£һ֣˾ͲˣҲС
һȺʿûǵСɣˡ
˵±ŭһۺͬʱղس֣Ҷʮɹ
.ӣȥɣ
¸һɨųԲѷǸͷѹ˶ʱѪȥ
飬Ϊ١
ʶԵľ׺֮ӣ۲ٿ
̨ϵذλҲعĿƵؿ¸迪ڵˡ
¸ԳһЦ˵͹ˣ
û㱾£ǲǾҪűƣû£ձϵĻ᲻ذλ᲻˵乻ˣ
ذλǿ񣬾ƽ͵һ䣬αص棬ֺιǿˣķڷͣô
¸̧Ūذεµ˼ǣԴСԶ٣ǿҵ֪ԭ߶˵ô
ذλҧ
˼αصˣ֮һΡ
ѾһҪΪ飬ͿǰΪ
ǲָ֪ļ䣬Ҳˡ
أ
Է¸һƣذλһŵӾȻû󣬷Խɫ
ҲҪֳϡ
֣
¸ͣ˭֡
ۿ¸費Ϊ⼸ʿ˭Ҳ
ʱΪľǻʵԯأ֪¸費һ㣬Ȼһߡ
¸ĳˣҲҿһֱû˺ֻҪ£˷¸裬γ󲻵á
ذ̫ӣ޿Ҳֲ¸裬Ȼ˵õĵ㵽Ϊֹιˣ¸Ѿͷǳȣ㿴⡭Щ̫ˡ
ʵҪ¸Ĵȣͱվͷ
-

144 

ԯΪȡ¸ĺøУߵĽ˶˲ˡ
ذλĥ޼ƿʩ
Ǽߣʦרţľ׺Ϊ֮ϡ
ڷ¸ϱ⣬ֶĶ֣ذλĻˡ
¸ΪҲǽ𵤣ر
һ֣־أǲá
²ԣ̵޷Ѵ̣ڴ˸ǣ˲С˹һ
ذλδ˶ʱѾģ¸޵
ģгһն¸ѹºĥΪ¯йߡ
رˣ¸ˣ֪ǳĻٹҲϣ˳Ҫһġ
ҪȥԺ
ذ̫ˣ˻Լǵòʧ¸軹ţ̫ӻع֮ʱΪطõʹһʹأ߹ģ¸һֱ
ԭһ˵ΪԼȥҸûʵĽڣذλ⣬Ϊ¸в
ԼǣĶȻãߵĹţҲԶΪչձع񸸻֮⣬ĳ񣬷Կͬȥһ߷顣
¸üë΢
֪ˣû˼Ҳã⡣
ʵ˸ã̫Ӻʱع¸ǵȲˡ
ذλҧա

ˣⳡҲ֮ˣ¸ս⿪˵𩣬ذλ˦Ȼ볡ڳʹҴҸȥ
˭Ҳûٶ˵һ䡣
˭˼ڣòôţ
ǴˣƺԻ·ЩãûϽࡣ
˻ʵԯء
¸谡һ鷿л㽲
һ䵥˸ͼ
ԯ΢䣬ԯʲôϷ
ɢʶʹʶ֮£ֻʵǰ¸һ·ȥ鷿
ʵңûоӸµΣĿƵؿ¸衣
ϣʲô£˵޷
ʵͼ̫ˣ£
ȻԯҲ¸裬ԯбţ֮ˣǰ̫ŵģգ¸赹˼ʶ
¸ͷЦлֱ˵
ʵ۹һЦ¸˿ȻˣҲĨˣһֱ֪ߣĴУҴģΪһܱ֮Լһֱల£Ҳ˵Ϣ
˵ֿ˿¸ɫ˶٣ŵһˣǴҲߣ¸ޣ޿Թ¸ΪĵĹֻҪ룬֮޶Ϊᵽ
¸鵭أ
ԯЦЦ֪¸Ǵˣ˲˵Ҳ֪һʵ¸ܷһԸ޿ɷڽɽΣ
ɵõڽɽʲôгһܹշⷲһУʲô
ϧ̴ٺã¸ǻڲ֮ˣԪӤܣܱһ׷ƿڹ֮䣬һ֮Ҳʸ
ˣһŮӣҪİڽɽãֲŮʡ
¸˵ֱףԯһĨ֮ɫ֮ǰ֪¸ֶΣҪвա
·¸ʵѾٵ͵ˣԯɵֻѰͼ֮
ţɵõ֮ˣɵóղϣഺפ
⻰˼ˣϻʵ۵˼Ī޵ع¸ζü΢Ȼԯ۵һɫ
ϻʵҰĲС
ҪȱԯۺذλҪ˶ģ˵֮ˣ޹ؽҪʮ
ԯزһԯĸףͺñδϱһŻ
ҪΪԯ䣬¸ʱѾˡ
ϻǲҪ̫ĺãЩ£˭쿪ģ˵ô
΢ͷųѹԯ˺ˮϴ亹乡
ǿװֱͦ󱳣Լʧ˵ǣ֪¸Ѳƿص˵ġ
˵Ķԣ֮Ҳһܸ֮ԶЩҪö࣬޵İڽɽۣ㣬¸費ȥúÿǣˣ޻Ҫ¸Ȼذɣգٵ𸴡
ԯ鼱֮£ǣ֮ǰ䳡¸˵ҪȥߵĻ⣬ذλվͻ뿪ľ
¸ߺԯؽķϣ¡
¸ʶѹֻѹڣҲһֿͨܵ˵ģͦڣ治¶ӣΪʵۣʮɸһȵϰʹȻȻ͹ˡ
-

145 ̫

ӻʹԯֱӽ˴ȥ˽ϽûüһڣֻüһƥȥıӰ
Ͻؿڻһɴ󳼻ΪϽҪзˣϽǰ
ϾƱ޿ȰοϽѸߣȷҲˣϽذ
˸͵ǰǰϽһҪ壬ҴĵŹǣ򲻿ʧ
ϽԽԽߣЩס
ȥıأȥŹֻ֮ǲŮӵ߶ѡ
⻰Щ˵˵Ȼܣ˵ıŮ𣬽޲ȥô죬ǰװױԯǻССӡ
Ϸû£ˡ
үţƢһǿ˭ǵġ
һߣԯŷ¸˽
ҪȥߣţôҲͬ
¸ЦҲʱ⡣
ԯƲͷһҿǹ⡣
˵õģҸƵףȻڹ۸ƲŹ֡
֮ǰ˵ģɻǵã
ţ¸ס˵ʲô
Ƕ̽գȫͷԵģʵԯüðɡ
ûûεģǹĻǹģƽʱﾫһôƫƫϸ꺢һϡ
ˣĹϵ㻹ֻάżС֣ͷĵزٽһȫûлᡣ
ɣСѾͷСδǣѹСѾǴˣԻޣżСѾͷƺȫûѰ˼
ĪһˣƤӵ»ƣ᲻а

Կ
ͺֱû˴ðײҶӣήˡ
ۿһҪ˵ģ¸ȻǰһƺʲôѿЦˡ
ԯʱһ죬ƲͷЦʲô
¸ȻһѱסݵͷؿڵҴ߻Ͷװɡ
׻ȴȴǿԵģҪиֲźãȻ¶ǻʼŮƵġ
ԯ⧲Ƶģץסﲡ
һȥߡ
Ȼ֪ȫ࣬ܵÿסǣñʲôСĸˡ
¸ͷҲá
ԯ˲ڣð֮ǰһ𰡣
˵ʲô
¸ٺٸЦûʲô˵׼׼ˣذϻ˵һͳ
ԯɢͷ˵Щȥ׼ɣ磬һ
ȷ¸¸ص縮үͥԺУȭͷĻ
¸Ĭ
ܸоԽԽأ
үүүǣ
үӻûȭ
¸衭
Ȼ֪ȭȫó
ȭͷʯʲôġͻ˰ɡ
һȭһʯͷķˣö˶˵ʯͷǶУ˭˭ˣ
ʯͷô
⵱Ȼص㣬ؼүҧгݵģ¶
ôˣѲҵϣ˼Ҳˣ
үһﲻԾƶᡰѡıȭʯ
·¸ﻹүүǸأ̧ͷ˿졣
أҲǺտˣүү治Ҳ첻ˡ
ԡôˣ
ôˣ㻹ôˣѾͷǲǳˣͲүүĻˣ
¸谵ͷôͰĻѿڶأϽźأүүʲôʱҲܲĻ
ү̹ЩߺߵŤͷ
˵ıȳĺҪôںүүĻôԯҵСӴյô
ǶܣҪ˵ڼͷӡ
ǲүүˣ˵˼СҪǷ㲻ɣôôöף
¸ˡ
ҪҪôɰ
ҪҦүˣһװװȴҲ֪үүΪ롣
ԯʼأΣŪĸ顣
ԯ֮䡭治֪ôү˵
ܲһζԯ˵ûүүǻɡ
Ƶүӵֱ۵ոԯ仹أ˵δ߻ף˵үү˵ûʱ߳ȥ
ү̧°͵ߣǿ˵׼
ҪǶ㲻ãӰƤ
ΪʹֽŲԸһСӣͷӻġ
иϽӦ͵ǣǣǣүүˣϵ׳ɻҪεطأʱɱ˴Ұ
үӶ챻ЦˣѾͷʲôʱҲѧô龫ˣ
ҲǺ£մսǻСС͵ĸ˵ĸоȷ
ðֵС治ϲǸԯСദˣһĨŮ
˿ҲȫȻûкôҲֹȵĳ嶯
ԱȺ֪ԯ䣺̫ˡ
-

146 ذλ뿪

¸Ӵȣ㡰ɻءүͬȥߡ桱
һҹల£¸װʱ֣үӾȻҲʰվͥԺء
Ҫ
үүҪԶţ
үӵ˼ȥһҹҾˣһȥߡ
ɶɶ
¸ࡣ
飬¸辡ƽүүҪ죬ȥģǴڼȽס
үӵۡ
ôүүֱţﲻæ
үӶʱˣϵ׳أ첲ȶɱ˶ɲƿ
֪ȥɽˮģԲŸġ
֮ңԶߣүү㵥磬Ҫȥտŷģүүҡ
ⲻҵ⣬ǡ
үүҲ˵ˣԶŮı֪ôĻʲôΣհǼͷҪǣϾҵôףܷİ
үԥȻ˵үܷģбտɷġ
үһͷȻԯһ۴멣ֱվǰˣ۾չˣҸˣôû˵СҲҪȥ
Ҫȥȴүүĸţﲻƽ⣬ɲһô
һʱ̵ŮӣܷĽչˣǡǺôһЦ
ֶûŶ
У˵ʲôҲҪȥ˭Ҳű
һԳƱˣ¸ԯ䣬û¶Ϲʲôң
˵ˣɵãүƢһ˭ס
үȥҡ
Ǵ˷֮УбҪ죬߻ұҡ
ǵүΣգԯʱ˿ã·.˼Ǿ鷳ˣϾһ򣬾һ
үүӣΪӣ֮һĿܶҪ
¸ͷͻͻһԯһǵ£ƽı顣
ԯҲͷ
Ҳֻһ˵
¶û뵽ǵүô
ԯһսүӶߵ͵˵һүӵۣԯҲֻǵЦеؿ
أүӺҾͲˣҪտԼЩүү̫ġ
¸Ҳԯү˵ʲôֻǸոûпȥԯƺ˽ֹⲻ
Ҳ֪²׷ʵʱֻ˳Ÿ˵үүģһչ˺ԼģҲǣౣأС¹Ҫúһи
¸ģһڵĻȭһЩڿʹõͨĩ˻ⶣǺ벿ǧܡ
һй¶ڣһˣòʧ
⻹үһǬװһЩͽ׵еҩֵҩԼãȫעˡ
һЩԵֲʦЩҲ޶ȣԪӤڵһ˿㹻ˡ
ϾﲻС磬ҲûСĳԣֲձ磬ƾʿЩΪߵĴߣҲûô
̫ģԤģԤģԱʱ֮衣
үӻͷˣܷģʱҲˣȥɣ̫ضȺܾˡ
Ҫ֪ذλһ͵⣬Ը˲ǣȥɡ
Ϊ˸ڷ¶ޣЩĺãϵһ򣬻¶޻Ľ
㵹Ǳǰˡ
ذλĳӰ·Ϲ˹ϣ¶Ұ⣬ⶼǺ󻰲ᡣ

¸ԯʱ縮漴ϵذλӣԼͬ˿
̫ӵµڳɹ׻ˣٶһ
ɷ¸ʲôˣпǸ𵤴ܣǳһǵһǣ̫ܲӵŭ˷¸裬ʱԿĶȻǵ¡
¡
ǧҪס
ľ׺޵ؿذλ̫ӵܲסúǰ»ǸǸŮ˼ƽϵʱ򣬵ȥߡߣʱǵĵϡ
ϻ̫ӵµʦˣԼ˱塣
ʱһ¸裿
ǽڵĴܣҲ޷֮ȣʱԲ⣿Ҳ֪ʲôˣ졣
ذλ۷¸ԯƲͷ˵ͺһ
һ·ڸ¸迴һ۱ûٿòҲ֪۾档
û뵽ذλͦΪֻڴŽįǲû뵽׼ߡ
⵹˼ˡ
ٶʱڲ̫į
-

147 

Ҵҳ˾ǣճûԶһ¸תȥֻһƥͷϣκ޼ɰøƵĲ
硭£һȣ
¸ʾذλǿߣذλƲͷû
κ̫ӣôˣǡ
κ޼Ц˼ˣ֪ͽҪ뿪ľС
С
¸Цˡ
ǳʮ㣬ģ֪
˳۾Ƶģ˻ҳǣ̿ǵжⱣκ޼ɻΪУɼ⣬ȷġ
κ̫ˣ˼õ飬κ̫ӻǾعɡ
ô̿ˡ
κ޼ԴԳֲ̫һֱڴĲȥҲҪشˡ
֮ǣҲҪͷ¶桱¶ͷһͷҲһܲһӴڴĻʹˣϾǴ̫ӣǴĵġ
λߣ޼ɾ͵ˣһ·;棬أǰҪһ£յͣ¶֮ꡣ
¸迴˿ϾСɵƣƴǡ
κ޼˰ٰʾãֻҪʲôģԵ಻ǲԡ
ãˣκ̫ҲҪһ·أˡ
κ޼ֵ̧̧һ·ء
ԵѾ£˿ΰˣκ޼㣬Ǻսתͷֻ˳ڡ
¸轫䣬Ťתͷ׷ϴûһ߳塣

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һҪʵˣκ޼
Ҵ̿ƺƺõģ룬¸Ⱥ˼ʹȣҲˡ
Ȼǧ㣬©һǷ¸費ͨˡ
һӹȥʮһһĴ̿˲Ʒڵأκ޼ֵı鶼ûüջأͽˡ
κ޼һĻб뷨սͳ¸ȥ
Сд̿ͣ㿴˰ɣд̿ͣ¸Ѱɣɲܲҡ
¸Ц
Ѿɶ·氡
κ޼һЦˣҸһȥߣߵ°ˣٸȥͷ羰Σ
ô
˰ɣ
˻пɺϣκ޼ֻ꣬˵׼
һ𣿡
κ޼ɵͷ絷⣬ˣĻ֪¸鷳ߣŷ¸裬½ȥĿԡΪ㡣
¸蹴һЦ
ҲǲУ
κ޼һæֻҪҸһС
κ޼ɺԥӦĺ޹˼ɣֱ֮󣬾ͺ޲ʱ⵹ˣҧԼͷ
аھС
¸۵ЦֻЦɣΪɶоವģ
κ޼ɶ룬¸һߴٵŸʲô߰
κ޼˿ûôס
ȵȣȵң
룬¸Ѿȥ׷ǰĴκ޼ɸæ׷ȥ
϶ʱ˼ؿԯ䣺պˡ
ԯһ˵
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ڷΪ˶ͬһ߲ȵͣͲţذλݵλ¸ᵱ޶ԡ
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149 ߱߾

ֱֱΧľ׺ˡ
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ʿͬʱٻ齣һܵǰ½󣬵ֵĻߡ
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150 

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151 ҲȲ㰡

ϲԺǾҸĵطյĹʮꡣ
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152 ˵һ飿

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йػұ߹һ£ذλңκ˶֪ε֪
߻ʵĿһ۵⣬ĿƵĶŷ¸ԯ䡣
ʲôˣ
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ȹģȻ߻ʵ۱ˣԹ֮𾪣ҲҪ̩ɽǰ治ɫ
ʲôˣⲻҪҪǡ¿뱣סذϻң
вʹˡ
˿֮ԣ˵
Ϊ߻ʵۣλʮ꣬˱󹩷ߣδǰ˳Բѷ
߻ʵ۶ҪЦˡ
ǹ˼ɣǰ֮пߣͺˣ֮ˡ
޵뿴ƾʲô
õһʵ۵ϣôַġ
¸繴һЦϵġӡԴԽСڱһֱϳ˯ţû¶ء
һ磬鷿ڣСڵͷ
Сһˡ
С̧ĴָСԴ¸ͷһն˲ǴʮһڿС
߻ʵĿ࣬ǡ
ɵۣ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ĵȻ߲ơ
λɼȻˣӦֻذϻҵĹһᷲҲ֪
Ȼһ߻ʵ۵Ļ߻ʵݽӲ亹ֱӲͷƤ
һ򣬿һλٻΣʱ̲ãȻѰˣޱ㽫ڶλ޻и

иЦһ֮ڹ۶ˣŸ̸
˵˵
߻ʵɫֻһö֮Σ׶ã˶λɣв֮Σ
߻ʵۻ˴µĲ˵¸Ҳס
֪ס򣬽˳ˮۣҪء
һöϴ赤ϴ跥磬˷٣ҲǷ
֮˽ˣҲõ߻ʵմȾ
ԣ߻ʵаϲϴ赤Ҳ˵ϧδҵõᣬνǧѷꡣ
ʵ֪ЩΪĴߣм˵ѣϴ赤ض档
ѹпϲ߻ʵ۽µİ򿪣һɵĻأָһذȥλǽϵͷ³һεĺɫӡ
߻ĵش򿪺ӣһöƴݸ¸衣
¸ûеһʱӹ߻ʵ۵ˤ򣬽
˿һԻڻĺԼԼöָ׸ǴСϴ赤߻ʵҧҧˤϡ
һһ
ѿУûһӰ
Һ£ذκ裬ҼǵҸ㣬Ҫѣô򡣡
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¸һʱ뵽
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ڷ¸ʩĵһʱڣǵԪʶߣϧΪʱ
ʧ˲䣬¸ԯһʧ߻ʹ鷿֮ڡ
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öҩС
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154 һл

¸ԯ䣬Ѿ˳ǵԪ׷ٵǹ֮
ǵԪذλʦҵա
˿̣ǰ֮ңƶ壬ڴլĬۣһ亹
ǿľѹ߻ʹ֮Уˣĸоֻ֣Σգ
ɷ˵Ӷߡ
Ҳ֪˿֮ˣѲɡ
˦˦ͷ벻ӦõģѾòȥûн𣬸ôǿĳҡ
ôǲҪϱ
ջ·׼ȥҼ֮ʱ¸ԯ䣬ѾƽƣǿƵؽƶ壬ҴӪ
֪λѣƶͣ
¿Ҽ߻ҹң
ʱլϵ˶Ժ䵱С
׾ٴǻɽ֮ˣܲԡ
¸ոײƻɽЩͷΣϵСڣٻӰһǰ
ԯ
·¸裬ֻΪһ׮£ڻٻɽ󡭡ʵڱǸ
Ҽǧһݣ˿ҵи
ǰˣһ͸˿ɼΪԶ֮ϡ
Ѿǽ۷壬һ֮ңɽӤΪ֮ϵֻһֿܣҲԪӤڴܡ
˴ܣһ֮ҲֻСӦԡ
֪λΪ£
¸ֻʺؼңǿ֪
ؼң
ǧһݣͥ
ؼҺʱʶǿ֮ˣ
ѣؼҴӪĶ֪ĪѰ
Ǿ̫ˣ
ؼңһˮݣΪѰּɡ
¸ϲŭɫ֪
ǧ׼ˣΪ룬ȥؼѰģ΢΢ϲɫʮǧȣؼϣ۷´ǧڡ
¸ˣǧ׵˵ͷлն߶ţǡ
¸ԯߺǧױ󶼿ʪ͸ˣ̲סͷͺȵ˭֪ôһ£
Ҽڴˣǣλܡ
ռȺ֨֨صذλңҸӦ
ս֪ģԭԭһ飬ǧ׳ˣΪذλҵĹ弸ذκ衭õ
ǧذκġѡŭѣ˲߻λؼгֻΪѰҲˣǡ
ңҪݱܷâͼ·
˵¸ˣһ·ǧȶ´˴Ȼнơ
˶һۣ¸ʶǽȥֱǧϿա
˴һ壿
ؼҼͥɫһ𣬴Ҵ߳⣺λǰãβһ𡣡
ܳǧƣʶ͸λǿߴܣؼѾãʶ˵Ǻˣǵѣ

ͥĳӺ֮ļµô£
ֵͥȥ⿪ƣ˽ȡ
֮һôɡ
ͥĻ˵ǣ˵汧е⣬󷨸סȥɡ
Ǹǻǻ㲻Ǻؼ꣬ʲôû񼴱įеĽҲܶ
ǣ
֮򿪽ƣŷ¸ԯȣһ·вٺؼСҴҸϹ
ģ֮ǰйһ֮Եٵˡ
¸谵˿ûҴ
ºͥ˺ؼҼ֪λ٣Ϊ£
¸ɫԻչЦؼǷ¸裬Դģҵܵٿڴ˴
¸迪żɽ
٣
ԣͥɫһ䣬Ӳ֪ٻи˸ΪĽ㣿
գ
ҵǷ˷иշ磬ǴĽ
Īǡ
Էٳٲ¸￩һ£Īǲ룬Ѿ
ϼʵǴ˴ǰΪٶ֮ǰ֪ٱ˶ᣬϧʱޣٱؼҴأҲ룬зӾҲǣ
ͥ΢˼أΪ˵񱻷¸һƣҲ֪ϻǲϵĺá
ֻԥϲޱ֮ɫ¸Ľ£Ӧò̫
¸ˣؼֻܽǷ񻹻ţ
ͥŵȥٴ
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ûãؼСٶһ𣬺˽´ˡ
ûã֮ݻˡ
¸̧һҲûˣü
֪֮һ壬׹һһлڴˣٱˡ
¸󾪣ǡô£
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155 Ժ󣬽н

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ͥ΢΢̾ȴǿЦһ¸㣬ԹñˣԼŴˣԼŪ⸱ӣ游Ѿˡ
ΪؼһѶѪȻﻹܲдһ˿ǹӲдɢ֮ˡ
¸㣬ô
¸ҡͷٸ㣬лҪ鱦䣬Ҽǵһڣʺǡ
ǿסأ
ԯ¸ǿͬһڣΪһ壬ԯ͸¸ġ֮
ǱĶ㣬ʱ档
ˣסͣҲҪһлˣ㲻ã
ſԯ䣬΢΢Ŀôᡭȵȣո˵¸㣿
¸һۣԺ󣬽н򡣡
ԯͷ͡
ٿһۣһʱЩ֪˵ʲôá
¸ۣôһ۾ϳҵģ
ǵԼǰǸָòԺδ١
űӵСʱ͵͵游صһԼĪ߰˷ء
˵
¸šü游Ҳ˽ĸ׵ĻЩ˵ȥոҲʶѿڶûϸǡ
δԼĸ׵ԭɣԸ⼱С
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ҲղŲŷӦԾֻС¸Ļһʣ̲ס˵ˣȻˡ
԰Ķ˵
Ҳ游һӣ¸㳤ôȴ󲮣Ҳ¡¸ס
ܵСǻϵȴĿһ¸㣬Ҫأ
һ۾ϳˡ
ҲͿԽͣΪδ󲮴ϲ¸㣬游󲮣ȴ¸䱦ԭԼĪǰݼڡ
էȻôܣ¸˶ٵݺ˵Ҫģ辡ûǣȡ

һѲ¸зӣ
⸱ѾôˣԼĸ֪Ҫ;ƿˣҪзӣҲڡ
ѾһҴܶ鷳ˣټۣԱžˣ⡣
¸Ц飬ˣϽȥúһǸĹԡ
˵꣬¸轫һעٵʶУͷ
㣬ǵܵ͵츳ԣû޷
֪游һʱ֪һҶߣ༤ϣԽʧжǵ֪Լ˴Ҳᡭ
ˣ˵ҲգԼٲ¡
¸Ҳֻ΢΢һü˵ûЩ鷳Ҳȫûа취յϴ赤壬ͷһαɡ
鷳鷳Щͷ͵Ҳһš
αα¸㣬㲻ڸҿЦɣ
δ˵ûһαġҲ̫˰ɣ
¸㣬ôᡭôôˣ
¸˵ˣʵҲײһλ֣״ӡ
˵꣬ͷϱ⻬ģͻȻһĻ꣬⣬һ֪˶е״ӡ
ټɶûоˡ
¸㲻¸㣬ôõ¶ϣˣôģרҵô
뵽ټЦüۡ
ôһ¸趼ûۿҲжʱһ
˵һǰԼġ
֮ǰ㱻ᣬ۵üֱҴأʱΪǳϻбҪֱÿǰѰ㣬ȷһĻ㼰ʱ
һЦ첻
漴ʽ¸ܸؼˣͥӶ˶Իе֪¸ȷѷǵУǺؼ˵ȷ㲻û¡
ͥڳĺ֮ݣԼؼСͬʱ˿
ȻһˣҲĽٽˣ⺢ӡǰΪ˲ٿͷؼȲôǰĽ㣬պ󡭡ұ㽫иˡ
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156 Ľ

ͥһ֣أɼʵô룬¸뵽ذλ˵ģؼһ򲻶Ը
۵üͥ䲻ԣóѾǿ֮ĩ
ΪѴﵽ۷壬ȴٳͻƲˣҲ͵Ϊֹˡ
֮ǰͥأͻƵ
ֻǻЩĲºؼңҲϵĴѹز»Ӳⱡ
¸ˣ￴
ؼöͻԪӤ
ͥһ
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˼壬ʹ۷һͻԪӤ
Ϊٳ޷ͻƣûõҩֻؼ䴫м꣬ʱѾį㣬Ҳ겻ʦοͻԪӤĸ߽׽
û뵽ٵ㣬һͳ˵ʵͥʵ޷ġ
֪ʲô游һĪİ
棬¸⣬°ɣһˣԺٻлǽġ
ͥջˣӹʱֶǶġ
Ȼˣ飬ϷˣպҪҺؼǡ
¸ؼˡ
ͥЦȻʲôĻ͸һһϷҲи󡣡
¸һ棬ͥǸˡ
¸ԯǧСסҪȵٻȶα̤вܴ뿪
¸Ҳ˵һ飬ҲԸġ
ҵ游ˣұ游Тչ游ģֻ·ͻȻ游ףԽһ˺ؼңֳ£һΪⱲӶ޷Тˣã¸㣬ķǳл㡭
Ҫǻ޷ᣬʱѾʹˡ
һ͵ˣͻȻܻȥ˵л̤֮·ܲ
¸ˣôˣСƵģԺҲڵʱչ˺Լ游Ƕõı𡣡
ɻ
¸ҪȥĶ
Сӱ֣ʵ˼أֻƬץסص㣬ֻĿǰΪֹ¸Լȷֻܲ⡣
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ٵͷ絷⣺֪¸㣬ǣȥˡ
٣¸贫ظԯ䣺䣬׼һкؼҡ࿴ŵ㡣
ԯӦȥɣľǡ
¸úؼõĵʼһߣؼмСʼԯ䡣
游˵˵Ϊ͸أĪǱ游
ٱĽôŶǺ̷꣬Ѿ۷أ游һõġ
ԴڿһȣȫǾ֮ܣǸҾ˵ʣƽʱǲǶԲȹأ
Ȼô
̷ССԴһѲ⣬һζֻеħ
ԯЦͷŻС
Ӧøйء
ʵÿ붨ֻżŻոŸߣҲûǸʱһ˼
οֲħ
ΪƵվҲá
Сʱ棬ڸؾǴΣԺࡣ
̷һ˲ˣȻʲô
ԯźںСԴϣѵöԸ׽һۺʱҪвģ̨Ҫ̫࣬ģŬǹؼѾܲˣҪκ˱ȡ
̯ƣһöָ׸ǴСĵҩģ㣬һԵΣҪԼ
̷ԥƬ̡
ҲеҩֻЩСûлõֻ˭ƿͻʱ游Żһöͽ׵Ľڸ߽׵ģȴûС
ССͣĵҩ࣬ҲóöҩϸŵĵƣԲһ㡣
ġң
Сһֵ̫ˣ̹ң޹»
ԯ۵һ˿⣬ҽ̵ǲӺؼįˣԻƵģеĺ󱳣̵ĵǲ
ľģضԡ
ȫ˳ۡ
̷ԣСؽһöϴ赤ӵƵװǰĺɰ
ԯһ΢óһֻǬһ
̷˲ˣʦĽ磬ȻΪͽɣ㶼ôöˣ̷ΪԺҾ͸űĽУҰɣ
ԯ۽һ顣
Ľ硭
ʲô
ǿ˳ۣ˵ǵϵѵãҲûͽ¡
ͽ˰ɡ
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157 Ϊͽ

ţͽˡ
̷ԯ½ǵĽ磬㵱治Ҳã֪ҵʲõģһŬģԺ󡭡ҲúТģ
ԯͷСӶôѲ˵ӡ
ϵʣЩˡ
ȥ游͸ĸͬ⣬ҾΪͽ
ѵϺԵģҲҲʵһ߲ϲ鷳ԯ䣬ҲЩ˼
Ҫǽޣࡣ
С̷ƴСϣд㣺Ҳ£۶࣬Ҷֲиģ
Ǻãȥɣ㸸ĸûҡ
̷СܳȥȥĽ磬ǧܷڰ
̷ߺ˼ؼѾˣԯ͵£š

⼸ĶԴ롣
˵
ɣزעģ˵
زıƳһڨڨǸǲҲóһ򣿡
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ԡ
ʲôģȥ˳
ʲô£˵ɡ
ԯסԼڼŮȷ䡣
ز֨֨˵ǡô¶Ǽ׼дһñָָ㣬򡭡
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ϸߣ̫ˣл߰ɡ

䳡
һȺ²ۼڴˣؼһļˡ
ձһһȵڴȣд趼ܻοԯΧۡ
ǿǱȼΪߵĴܣҵһָ㣬Ȼǳ
Ϳʼˡ
û뵽һȺСڳģ֮Լһɳϼĳˡ
⡭ʽأҪҪô󶯾
Ͳ֪˰ɣմû˵˹ͣٱܵĽͽ˵ΪȼҪߣԪӤڴܣزǼλս˵ܲô
ԣǰ˵ȫûע⵽ںؼҵС֮УʹСƷ¸㣬ԯǱ
űҲսԤݵļӵǶî˾һѪڣʽȻҪ档
һȵľǺ̷ջȥ˵ʦ£˵׼ʦ䣬ƨƨߵĸæܹ֡
յԯߵʦʦҸҵﶼ˵˰ʦ£ͬ˵Ҫڰʦء
ԯͷʦȷҪڵģϾ
ҲãﰲŰɡ
ԯ𵱳С磬ԼʦʱʦҲڹһʦ磬ûб棬еҲһû١
󣬺̷ʼ濴ǵıԡ
𽥵ģͿԣûиоԼӿĸҡ
ԯԣüĿһ˲̷߳䳡
ע⵽һĻ׷׸ȥ䳡⣬ԯֻһ磬̷רͻơ
̷Ҫͻˣ׽ٽר־ֿ׽٣ĪҪġ
̷һԯȻ侲ԯָ㣬ϥãʼԼ׼ֿ׽١
ؼҲΧۣۼ׽Ʈ̷Ͽգٲġ
һǺؼѾò̷Ľӣ̷ֻǸĺӣš
ؼҪ˰
ͥˡ
ؼﵱУܴ˿ģֻк̷һ
ĺӣ˵ʲô
˵ؼʰյҫԻͣ

֣ͥʾ˫ֱֱųĺ̷ӱСӣһֱԺ
ССĺ̷룬ϥ붨һƬϽ֮ɫǵԯĻתӲ׽١
һʱʯ󺣣ʹ
̷Ҳ֪ⲻǸոտʼԲδиλʱҲۼġ
ʮŵʱСС͵ĺ̷ûкʹһǼᶨԯ仹ǱȽġ
֮ǰ̷ЩԲˣԯ䷽ͷõԪҧ¶ǣ˲ࡣ
׽ٰȻ̷ͦĸ۾ˡ
ϾŰ갡
˵ĸͥˡ
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׽һһƺ̿ĺ̷ӵײײԯǰ
ʦҪղЩֿסףͽлʦϧ˷ôõĵҩ
ԯۡ
ʲô˷ѣϿɵͽܣ㼫Ʒ㲻˷ѣԺֻ˵
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158 ²

̷̧Сȴǣʦͽ֪ˣ
ͥɻʲô֪ô
زôӹ̷СӾͶ˸ԪӤڵʦ
֮Ž͵ûü´̷ΪͽҺﶼͬˣ׼֪һԤʦ磬֡
ͥЦããǸ֣ʦбҪ졣
һҪ죬ԪӤܵĵӣǼӣҲ㹻ġ
ֻȼպ¸굤أؼŵƽʵģ֪Ϊ˭Ҫء
ǡô£
ԯɹЦչص⼸죬ҸԼ˸ͽܡ
ŵģ޲һһ
չָģͲֹһëԼڶӵġ
ΪǵڶԯҲû˵ʵ׼յ״ӡ
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֪ǰķ¸Цǰ֣ô칦ͽܶˡ
ԯЦͽܣͽܣʲô𣿡
¸ɴˣͽܹʦɲҽʦ
ʦҲһġ
¸裺
վĺƤĥĵ¯ࡣ
պǧȾаʦ磬˲ҡ
ؼįҲû߶ͷҲǹȥġ
˷ͥҶӣԪӤһǺؼңҪո¶ͷˡ
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ؼڴʲôע⣿
ǧ׵ܸʲôȥ˲֪ˣȥ׼һݴ͹ȥ
Ĳ񣿵ôǸؼң˺Ŀɶ֪ڸôô
Ĳߡ
һԵԵɡ
ǾãؼСͻȻðʦͬͻȻֵĴйأ
ǧɫˡ
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ǣ
ֵ¡
ͬʱҲвɡ
ؼҳŶ꣬θộĪǴˣ
ôȥ˲;֪ˡ

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ʦ統졣
ǰҽǧȣԴ󣬺ؼѾòֹˡ
Ǻ̷ԯСˡ緶û¶档
ǺؼҵףҼǰװضźͥԹ
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׸ʲô⼸ĶèצƵģ͡
֣㿴ˣһʱ̣ܽʲô֪ˣ㰡Ǳһصĺã
һ⻰ǺˣҲȲˡ
Сӣ¸ҳûõģϽģ˵ʵôһ£ȻϷ
⹢ֱӣͥҲΣҡͷʧЦȻˣҵɡ
ʱԯͷ¸úȲ衣
ҼһʱһˣƺǺؼҵˣļҵĺúͥϼһ
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һɫһ⡭ǣ
ͬͥһڽ۷弸ʮ겻ô羢ֻһűɵԪӤվδԪӤֻеϢѹҲ֪ԪӤ֮ϡ
ܲ𾪡
ؼ˴ˣύع˶þˡ
Сӣ⡭صÿ湻㣡
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˵ЦرСĵؽöӤպãһ֣ص¸Ѿͷ飬ͷҳˣ
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̷˶ɵġ
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160 

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161 ͥӤ

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162 

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164 

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ЩƤҰˣΪԼܣѹǵģؼҳǻּɡ
Ϊһ֮ͥˡ
ȻˣԺǾ͸ź̷һԯڣúĥĥ
ⲻ֪һ˺ؼҺ󱳣ŶǽޣӴڽ޵Ŀׯϣһȥˡ
ʵǽ̫ţˣԽսڻ£һﱾѪڵСᣬɲͣˡ

º󣬺񼸸˸ᣬΧס
Сӣ԰ǵĶ̶ǻˣǴһܰɣ
ûʹûΪҲ´ˡ
Цٰ٣Ҳн죡
ǰǿɾԲҳٶֵģһСɲһˡ
¸æŰиŪαһ£ܿҲˣСӵĻ˼и¸ĹϵŪٱٿСźܿ׷ǡ
Ժʰɲҡ
ټͷãһЦԼֵܽãαػ˺ˣĵģģ
زٺһЦԣһˣҲĵģ԰ɣ缸
̷ĦȭƣԾԾԡ
ǰСʲôһ༤ˡ
СٱûֺСԲܡˡ
٣ɡ
һЦ֣ټǣһң
һԯ䣬̷ʶһٳû뿪
ʶͷһûˣ֪мˣһתۣѾƮԶȵһһ硣
һŶײۡ
ϣ˵ʲôʲôԹǾȻôԴң
زԣǾộɣ
һƴˣ
ŤͷͶųļײȥ˭֪
ۿҪײʱȻֱֱӺϴ˹ȥ
һڡǸ尡
ƾΣҲ򲻵
ͲһˣԲٿʵȻת¸ãӶŬϰ
ΪĻ壬Ψһˡ
޵й
˼״ɢӣⲻƽ
٣ǵţ
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165 

ҫزҲôʱ
ܰսٻغϣ
Ⱥ񼸸Զˣȱȱطľһתԯվ
飬Ҷôˣô¸㣿
ȷ룬ʱԯ䶼ڷ¸ȻǼҲյһ
һ룬ոǡΪվŶ˵ģ
ˣΪ˸ܵء
ԯһۡ
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ʶĵãײǹ˰
ѹ֣ǼûĵĶˣ±꼰ء
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Ȼˣ㿴ҲˣϢȡˡ
תҪߣ󡭡
Ķȥڣס
һŶˣסԯ
ˡ
ԯ
Ĳ
ɶ
ټۣǶ˰ɣտˣ
֪⼸մ̷챻Ǹûһģܱһ䣬ֱ첻Է
ȻڱͲóԷ
Եٻûü⣬˵
ָ͸һ뽣
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ǰ˶˺ðɣ
ûʼأ͹ÿձŰ
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Ժһģ
ԯһۣʶôȥȥ
ЩҩǶԵģ
˭ܲƴֵԪˮƵĳԣҪǻǰ׸ġ
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ĵһʱ䣬ԯ״򴽵ɹˣ
¸Цˡ
ؾĸֲһӦȫҪЩҲµġ
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һ㶣ʲôϲ
Ȼʶ¿˿Ȼһ⣬⡭ǡ
ͼĻ˵ˡ
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͹ȻϲеҪȥѾͷ죬ԣ
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һ־ʹɢ˷¸貼µķ磬һش߳
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һĻ̻̣иѰɣ
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֪ģ׼ˣǰС
֮ǰ¸æΪͺһ£ÿգҲʱˡ
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ɫޱ䣬촽㡭¸㣬¶۲˺𣿹ȥĶȥˣڲǺúõô

¸šü˵ȥأ
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166 ˵

ҿûǸ£ǾǱһҪϵң
ҧ㣬Ҳ˵ˣȻѾȥˣͲҪ˰ɡ
¸費ŭ֣ȴûɵĲ
ңȫ
ԯ˳Ƶز˵
ĺزӣͷȥˡ
ңңҡҲ֪
ԯʱնԺؼһСνˣزɼʱȻһ㡣
ԯһۡ
˵ʵ
زһգȥĵ治֪
ԯһһȥǼһҡͷҲ֪治֪
̷죬ӲͷƤͷҡҡʦˡͽ˵
游¾õ¶䣬ںؼңɱ֮
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ڻûǸʵ
ԼޣһλɽڵĴܣҲԶԶ
ͥ˼¸ûм׷ȥĬƬ̺
֪ˡ
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ȻˣҾͲˣѾã游һڼҶвģձ׼̻شģҡѾʲôˣнۣ٣һشİɣ游㣬Ҳ˼Ҹ˸ˡ
ߣûңܲãûҪԶ֡
ذλͷۣȴٻš
ϣ¸ͺԯǱ߻ʹһ磬㴫̫ذλһŮӵĴϣŮ̫ȥģġ
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ǡ̫ˣǸǸǸʲô
زӣ̯ӿ򣬼ֱĿϾӡ
˼״ֱҡͷ
ѾͷǱжأ
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־͵˷縮ŷС˼Сظܽȥţų̻ûز˿һգ۱һȺûӰ
ãÿ죡
С˲ֹСģЩʲô˰ӡ
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է֣үӶһеؾȺ
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ſүһ̹
˼״Ҳ׷ǰ񣺡游Ƕٵıֵܣҽк񡣡
¡

游Ǻز
ǼСĺ̷
漴ͬ游
Ȼôӱûү𵽡
ЦŵͷããǺúӣһ·˰ɣ˰׼ϯСλӽӷ硣
үӼ¸ϴЦͷ˿ûһѵûԯüԣ˳˲١
ô˵ӣûڸˡ
үֿ٣ЩȻ
ٰͷȥ㣬Ƕڷ
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үһ˺ȶˣӲԯԴ򣬷ҪΪֹ
ԯѵúƢӣүӶ˼У˸ƽ֡
Ȼˮе࣬ȴǰүӺˣλƵ
Сӣ֪ҵ˰ɣҿɸ㣬ԺҪǸ۸ҵĸøһίһժԴҹ
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167 ̽

òײŽƵүӺȥ˯ˣɫԯڷ縮Ǽһ

ҲеСĺزԴʵԯȥʲô
¸ˣؼҼС֪ԯء
үǴĵĽ
ٶһ㶣ү
ԯٰô񣿡
ڣ΢ĺزʶҡͷ
ܰһ֪һǹȻģǻ׹У
ԯüһɣƨߡ

գүʱͷеۣźµС˽һöҩݹȥ
̫үССĽµĽƵ˵̹
үοû˵ӹӽڼ΢΢ŵζ
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̫үúС˹£ֱȥ˷¸Ǳѯʣûһ档
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ɷ³ŷ¸Ѿͷˣٸһˡ
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Ҫ֪Ȼӣɾѳ֮үӾ͸˼ףǼڵճµġ
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˽֣Ȼİ𣺡ⲻܣ
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168 ʶ

˫Ŀһɣ۵Ѫ졣
ٻɲһСҰﵽͷȥ
׵ɾԲܣүӰѱĶ͸һҰ֡
Ϯģֻ
ϻͷһμģ
ǰʱڵطǸһȣ˼Ҳһ֮ķ緶ϳߣҲϰϢ
Դ˾ǲŷ֡
үͷԣÿÿǷϽĶӡ
ڼһ֮
ͷүѹţ¸һҶѹһͷүǰǴҶഭ
ЩʱգѾԼүΨΨŵŵģ⻹ͷһؼŭ
˶ϣү
һۣϵ³̣ĪҪܣ۶Ļ²ͷأкʵģҲš
Ż˼
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ͬʱ
Ժ
СӺزŰ
˵ԴϴΣԯ̤һ;سУ̶±ͻư
һ֪ػΪԼ츳ˣԯֲڣûԱȣֻܰԯ֮ǰ͸Ļķ
Сɣմմϲء
ǡԯźؼûһȥԯ֣Ҳûк

Ͳˡ
զզǰĺزһķɡ
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ڵϹȦ˶ˡ
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ܸ֪ԼڿзȦڵϹȦײһϡ

⵽״ĶðС
䣿˭
شӵԼѾʵĸ첲
زŷӦòǡˡɣ
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ԯأԼˡ
˵ֿأǸĵܵܵıף̷ͽܣӻסأǿɷʲô
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˴û˵ԯҲףӦǹ˶ãԯ۾ͻᶯֱƹ˰ɡ
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ΪЩǵĸʾû֣
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ԯûٶʣرߵ˾Ϳʼˡ
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Ե죬ؾ;һֱǻŰͱŰѭ޷԰Ρ
ÿζþȫزǹָ˷ʮΣزǵûвͷִ˲ƣ
ԭںؼҵһֵܵУССĺ̷쳬ˣزѾܾûиܵŰ˵Ŀ֣ԼȻ»ǽһˬ
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ԯһЦùţ
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ЦŸԯ䲢ߣȫأĥ
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ոձӳʱײؿڣһƵߡ
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ԯǰⲼһ绹󷨣ȷᱻ˷֡
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ص⣬һһˣڣȫѵ
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صһЦǵȻѾڣᶼƿأ
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169 

ͻȻһߺ
ֵǣǽ»ˣ¸С㡣
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࣬ʸͣԯЦá
ԯ̧д裿
¸͵Цԯޱ顰ݡһС
˶ɵۺԯԺѧд衣
ضһ
ץסص㣬Ҳԣ
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ԯɫȻͻֻ
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أѾŬˣ͵ڣҪ֪Щһ޷ͻһ;ã򲻴һڳԲɴӡ
ضסţ֪¸費ڲ
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غȻǰһ԰ôˣȻһҹᣬһͻƵȴƽʱ붨ߵøִ࣬˲ƣεȥһСҰᡱ
ԯ˵Сĺ̷ΪزĽ
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ԯͷĬϣЦˣǾͺãȲ˵ˣȥزСѾͷ
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زһһ
ղˣԼͣȻ˿̵ùĿ϶
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170 

䣬ô¶
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Ŀһ䡣
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ԣһŤЦˡ
ûôأԼˡ
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171 

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172 Ȳ

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173 

է¸֣Ҳһ԰ô磬¸ĵҩֵǷ꣬пġ
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л֪ˣȥϽ󳤹ˣǾͲˣǣԺԵŵл
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175 ᣬ

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176 Ⱦ

ؼֵ΢
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ĵͬʱºزҡͷϣ˵زӣˣǹ䣬һԹȹƣݹģ
زգգ
ԷȾǵá
ݡƺûӡ󰡣
ѾôˣĻҪࡣ
Ź
ҪϽһ£͵ӣ»ȥ¥ȹ𡣡
زҰҰ
ڹٵͬʱزȻѿǡ
֣ǽȥ£
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ȻͲʡˣζĻǲģ뻹Щˡ
䰵Ĩ˰Ѻ
֪ز㡱ҷӵ쾡¡
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Сĺ̷ˡ
Ľ㣬ôһ͵͵ܳȥ
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һ˶ʳ
ʲôҲ볢
ȥ
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ȻԼˣһȥɣ˶֡
زҲæǻԣԣ磬һȥɣʲô¥ķˣȽͷĴĶóԣй𣬿ɺúˣ
һۣزϢģһı飬ãôһγȣûúһء
պ̾˿
ǾͶȥ
زסģ˵ϲ£磬֪ˡ
ֵûۿ׷Ʋ졣
񵹺ãźزǳ硣
Ǵˣ

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ƹģү
¥ƹһɫʲôطӽ£Ǿ¥ֲСС꣬ĿɶǴ˵һͷпл׹С
Ȳ˵˵Щˣδص
Сү⡭ʵڶԲסʵе࣬ҪҪǰ֪ͨһСר̽Ӵ
ۣ죿˵ƨ
˵ȥˣôˣҪӣοںؼǰ䣬ˣ
үҪ㡭ʶ˭ôҹ˵ȥĻջصģ
ƹİ̾ǵʲôù
ĴȻ˵ǵһ竣ǾĶңδԸǡ
ɡ
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٣ǳԸαΪƹģɣ¥϶˸λĻΣ
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ճǣүɲǵãүʲôʱϵõ͵ĵز
ν϶ͷˣâͻ֣ᡣ
ûġ
ճҲգƢһЦ٣֮᲻˰ɣǻɸΪ񲯣һҪл㡣
ü
лңĪӲˣ
ճҡͷ
Ҫл㣬ߵλСҪǸúúллġ
زָŽճǵ첡Ǹ
ʵΪ仯еûϳ
ԭճǣ˴಻زϰˡ
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ճǵͷЦЦ£ջҪлСˣ񣬽ȫлλ棬¥ͬһΣ
仹ûüܾزʣǣй
ճЦˡ
Ȼܹ
ѻ𣬺øճǣǽڵүͷˡ
ݺݵһۣԺز˵ӣ˵˵绹ȱǵˣ
ͷֳƹ˵үİ򿪣þƺò˵ľϣʮ̳𣡡
ƹɫһϲֻҪλүʮ̳ҲⰡ
õģõģû⣬٣ƲϾͺãСӣдùȥż
һ¥ż䣬ûճҲŽˣһ᣺ʲô
ճǰֵ٣ģҲǳҪͽ⡣
Ц
ͽ⣿ճǣΪҲʲô˼үȰ㣬ǲҪ׷Ļĺá
䣬ȡֺô
ȡ֣ճǡãүȡˣүİ䣬үӭ㣬
ز֧Դһԣҿͷˣ̲סܱôҰһ
밲Ը⣬Ǹ𣬲һһ
ǶƵģĥĥ
Ҫ࿴˳ۣȥһܲͺˣڣ˼
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177 

ֲסճǵĺƤ䵽Ҳû˸ߣԾճǶ߲ܡ
ƹѲ˾¡
֮زһѧˣǰɢƾѡ
ؼֵܣ̷編ơ
ʵھ;УֻܡͶȡɡˡⶪˡ
һȺҲˣճɫ΢زƱ˵Ҫزһҽ軨׷𣬾㡣
˵ȸΪˬ
زҲһʵҲûʲôæ˵¸ȵ㣿
˷¸裬Ҳ벻˭Ȿ£ȵ
ճǵͷǣо֮ҲҪЩز㣬Ҳ뵽˭ܾҡ
ճǽزڨһߡ
˵ʱճҲ㷢Сֽ֮ΪǸʱ䳤֣СԲģճÿζ߸һνճǾ͵˵ˣ˵͵͵򲻸

ССĹоܵ裬˵ճԴ⣬Ǳżйˡ
Ժ˾ֵ͡𡱣ǡ
Ц
ɾΪôɵ£ֱڣƵģȻϰΪˡ
˰㣬˵ЩûõģҪлʵʵģزӣϲʲôòŸлôð
ճΪȻͷһû䳪˳Ļ˵ûزҪʲôܿڣֻҪܸģԸ㡣
Сսز֪СڱԺ㾡Ҫã㲻˵ĿǰڽôҲȥҲԼĵطס෽㡣
ҪסڽĻûǸţֻżԯ䲻ڵʱ͵͵ǽ಻㡣
û뵽⻰ؼֵȥòţסڽ㡣
䣺
ճŶв⡣
ǡǷ縮ıôסڽ
زЦұסﶼһ

ˣղѾҪȥȻ϶
ǡûɹװ
ôͳ˱
ȵȡزӽз¸㣬Ǳǲǡ
¸
ز̧
㲻֪ҲǣĹ
һʱȤ
˵˵£
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ͷزһЦƫ㣡
䣺
ĥӲ˰죬һ̳ӹ𻻵ġ
һЩɵ£ճǶø档
ϣ֮ˣ
ûزӣ㿴ǵĽϣȻ̽ô
㣿
زЦɣ
͵صͷȻ룡ԴزŲȷɽһĻòˡ
ô
ȣźزļ
زǬóһʯ˲⣺ʲô
زʯԲûûɵʣֻӵǺؼǼ崫УûкؼѪҲˣ㵽Բһ
ֵá
һȺҲ׷ԾԾԣճǵһͷǸزǡҲô
ز󷽵ػ֣û⣡
һֲճڹˣȻȫ
Ҳϵ
ˮľ˫Ϲ裬ϵ˫
ǵϵճǾȻǵϵ
زĿɿڴ
ϵ
ճǼۣ̲סʵôã
زбۿҪǶãˮľ˫ʲô
֪֪ϵ˵겻һ¸ǵϵأУø¸㡣
ز˵Ȼֱóʯ֪¸衣
¸ܻΧ۰ǱԣȻյزĴʯ
¸㣬ҷֵϵ֮ˣǸճǣھ¥
¸۵ȷ
زնǧȷԸǼ
¸ֻ˵˾䣺ţ֪ˡ
жϵ
زգգۣ¸㲻¸㣬겻һĵϵҮ
һˡ
ԯ俴ɫķ¸裺ʲô£
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ԯüѵã㲻ͽ
񶼵ԪӤ۷壬һͻƻֻ㣬˲٣Ҫȴ򣬲̫ðϾٶȣͺˡ
Ҽûͻƻһ磬ԪӤѾϴܣȫʸͽ
¸ҡͷ
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178 ôĵ

ҹ
¸һҹ£ѣֱ
ճǰ˲٣˯һ磬ѣѩϴ멣ڻϣ̼ѩ
ȻƼͥԺϿһһճǻΪԼˣоӺ󾱹ȥ££ط
һ̧ͷͼһӰնճһ£ʶΪǺؼҵ˹Ц
ôҹģȹˣ
ؼãƺرӰʮ̳ӾƣȻһζʣ
һ˲ճ˫ĿȻ
ԭգͻȻ졣
ˮۿԼĸĸڴ¡
Ҳģճ̧žҪ𺣡
Ȼ뵽
ԣ
ԼԺôͻȻ˶ԺҸôˣʹˮҲܻӵô졣
ոһûⳡƺͻģôˡ
Ծ
һ飬ճǴӻþѹ
ضŰеĺˣʲôˣ
˵ţɫϵذսУһƺʱܳȥ
Ƹ΢΢ͷ侲ǣӦҲ
Сӣôҹʲҵ£Ҵ֮Σ
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뵽֮ǰʲô߰Ĺ㶪
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οղŵ֪ؼˣھͽճǵ˹Ϊ֮Ҫթ
º⣬ˣֻϧ²ʲô֮»Ѱͽɡ
¸͵Цˡ
һӣԭճǽµİѩ˲ɰٻš
ڣˣ
ճһ𣬵׻סˡ
⡭ʵ²ɣ»ǡ
˵ѡ
ճǺȻΣҲʶΪͽĪʲôɸ˵ܣǷ֮ˣӽ£ҲݲĻ֮ͽңٲߣҿɺˡ
¸裺
ð㾡֣֮ܺܺˡ
ճһ٣ۿ׺𣺡㵽סô
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ʹɳ棬ҲΪ֮һûԼĵߡ
ԸΪɣ֪ԲҪ
ͬһ˲֮ˣѧʲôõģ
Ϊʦ
ճҧܡ
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ճǵûΪΣԸǲԸĪǿѡ
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ˣЩ˿ĽճǣȻƼǰ֮ժĺڽ䵽ϣ߽
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ز˵ѵõ֮ˣɣҲȻ㲻Ը⣬Ҳǿѡ
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¸ѵûĵرЦ֮ǰС磬ÿÿʱĳ
·ֻصʮһꡣ
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ճǺʦ
¸費˵ֽ˵Ҳԣû״ͻˣ롭ʦ֡
¸һЦ
ȻʦˣҲƴǣҪʱίˣ˾İʦʱˣñĳЩ˼ɵھʹ״ӡֻסɢˣתͶ̥Ҳƾӡҵ㡣
£ճ߳ȣ¸ݾߵ
¸һ̧ӡڽճǵĶͷ֮ϡ
ӽڣ״ӣšѩ°ɡ
ǣѩ£лʦͺš
󣬷¸轫ڵķھԼճǵʶ
ճǶٸ棬ƺӡԺһһɡ
¸ֽ֮󣬽ճǱȲĻطԺļ䣬ʼ

һпư£תס
ʮؼԲӣ˭Ҳ벻ԯۣŻʹٹ֮ʣҹƹ
ͳӦϣ׾ٴ򿪹ţɱʵ޹
ʱʵۣԯ۶ڴϡ
մϻн޵ɡ
ԯۣôĵӣ
-

179 ƹ

ԯۣ㵱Ϊƹ췴޵λӣ
ԯһɱ
̵ܿܣԣʣⶼҵġ
ԯص
ԯۣ޸һλᣬںڻü
ԯ۴һֱߣ۵Խ䡣
ŵһ̣Ѿûк·ˣһ·ɱʱѾѪɺӣ˵ڣ
ǣ
ԯЦ
о仰뵱ʸʣаҵĶô
ԯһ漴ЦĿ˵Ķԣ޴û޵Ķӣ޻λӣԯ䡣
ԯսг׼ľԯغȻ̧šϵİһ˲ܵ
ԯˣ׷
ֻԯû뵽Ĳ˽Ҳǽͳ죬Զڱ߹صش󽫣ҦԶ
ҦԶô㣡
ԯļ£ôᡭҦԶļ˺ͽ
㷸ң÷ѾϤ£ڡ־ܰɡ
ˡ
ԯĵҡ
û뵽ʾȻһ֣ҦԶİפر߹أ֮ԿӵΪҦԶǻʵ۵ĸĲǻʵ֮ˡ
ԯһҦԶĶˡ
֪ʹ־ܣҲӲһҧᵶء
ǰΨһԾǣڲڵң
û뵽ԯ۾ôˣԯ۵ĸҲڵ֪ԯ۹ʧܺϵˡ
һĶǵĹ䣬û̫ķˣˡ
ڻʹϿעһеķ¸ԯ䣬ҲʧҹĻ֮¡
ԯˣһǲǾֵˣ
ԯҡͷ
δأһԯ١
֪ҲǱϿôŵ
¸Ʋ졣
Ҿ̫ˣʱ䡣
ԯüأ
ѻ𣿡
Ϊ¸Ĳԯ۹ʧûãԯҲʵҽڣ·ŵͷ
ܿ죬³˵ӣԯһŵԣԵס
үӵۡ
ף
ֿտվ͸ף浱Ǹ裿
˭ԯֱӵӡ
游ˣΪƸȢ游ȫ
үҰ죬һߡ
Ϊ˵úС
ԯᣬӸ籦游᲻ã׺ɰͬס
үӻȥмŮүүģʲô
ˣֻҪͬ⣬û
ү˿ڣԯ䵱ʵۣ¸ĸ֮ý֮ԣΣҲҪʵ
ԯعѹӲԯֻһԪΪ
ʵ΢ϵԪ
ĺöӣԽˡ
ǶˣҪ£ס¸衣
ԯ¸Ǹʱգȫκβһߣֻ硣
ԯ¸ӡ
һ룬ʵһӣּͻ飬˵ġ񰮡
ˣʵگԻŮ¸裬£УشͷԸ˷޺˳úϣմˡ
лʥ

ǰ̫Էֱ𴫵ʥּ˲ǮûȻ˵һѣЦӯӯ
ϲϽϾҪΪ׹ˣϽøǿɣһԶ
ԼҺӱ˿ɻ˭ԸϽЦüۣһӣ˲ϲǮ
лϽҾͲƴˣȫմմϲ
ʼҴ飬Ƚ̫࣬ҲҪﱸһأز٣ڶæ¸ԯǵʡ
ճԼؼԴϴֱԯӽѾûˣԯûͻƵڶ֮ǰ
ճǱߣ¸ҲǷʽճǵڷܣʲѾͻڡ
ڹˡ
ĥӲݣԯ˼Լĥȥˡ
һʱ䣬ǴСﶼ١
ܿ죬үĳ峿һȭͨ泩һӿ
¸һ飬
׽٣
׼оǿҪˣһ֮أүүĶɽ١
ô
¸ͣۿ׽ٽɽүүҪɽˣߡ
ү룬ϷɽϿһ·棬˾ʮ¸⴦󷨣Խүӵ׽ٴۿۡ
ûã׽ѳɣŷ糹ϥͷ¡
ΪүȻӦᣬûκεҩȹ̣ҲǷ¸뵽ġ
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180 װ

žŰʮһ׽ٹ󣬷糹ɶ̥ǣǷ¸ʩ˸䣬¶Ŀ֮ۿɼʮ겻ֹ
ԭѹѮүӣȥȷ滹Ҫꡣ
ӻȥ϶Ҫ˷飬ôȥҲǰ취ԯСӴ֮ǾҸ˼ĵطӰɡ
¸ɹЦӣĻͦԶ
أ¸һɫүүǲһֱʲôң
糹Ц⺢ӣүүʲô㣿˼롣
¸ʹ
ôȥֹһΣΪûĸ׵λˣүүΪδδҸϹ㣿з棬ҵ
糹һĨȻ
¸µˣ
û뵽ô˿ע⵽Ϊ
΢΢̾˿µٱѻظҲţһһ嶯ԼȥѰҴ𰸣ԸĴ˵ᱻʲô
糹ֻþܰүү㣬ǡ£ûǲҪ֪ĺãڵȥЩ£Σգүү룬ҲգӦүүô֮ǰҪȥйĸ׵κ飬Ӧҡ
¸ü
үү̬ȣ¸µԶҪ鷳Ķࡣ
ֻϡЩңܳһλԪӤܣѾ˲ˣ׻ʲôүү˼ɻ䣿
ϴǧȣʼһ£ؼҵ̬ȡ
Щֵر磬иӲΪ֪Ĵڡ
ү鼤¸ֻôӦ
ģҴӦ֮ǰգүүҪ࣬е¡
糹۽һ죬˱ۣ̾һȥ˵ɡ
¸ԸԳүӿʳʵࡣ
ףүүӡ
׵зЯĸƣƽң
ԭ಻һƬ½½ǰһ壬֪ηֽ룬ѳһ½𽥱ϡҲԽԽ٣ֱֻʣҴС
׺ɣ
¸踸ĸԭһƬ½ˣƼƬ½ȷǸͨͥˣҲһ㡣
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үү˵Ƶᣬ¸ȴóжôĶǡ
ԡҵĸĸڶô
š
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ĸĻƣţ˵ţ˵㸸ҲŬһžۡ
Ķ˽⣬ײǽͷӣֱͬһޡ
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Ȼԭ壬͸ü̳һУۺû
ĸĸˣġ
û뵽糹ȴͻȻ˵
ʵм£үүһֱ֪
¸һʲô
ꡭԭͲүүӲƬ½Ľ磬СһΪֱգҵʤһۼ֪ĻǻˣȻүүҲ⣬Ǻ£Ϊ׷ʵףԵ֪ԡκθҾ˵үүĸĸĸҵĹʧƯôꡭϣҪүү
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糹ڿԴ򿪶Ľᣬ˶˲١
¸ȷһ١
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ѹ֣ѹûųУүүҲǴĵ׽оӦġ
ԭġ
үүĸ
أ¸۽Щʪ
Ưģˡ
үүǸллûүүҲڣģһգһңž۵ġ
¸һ֣أģһԡ
үү׼չأҳɾͻ񣬾ȥһƬ½Ѱ׺ĸףģһǰȻĴ
糹ͷ
ããүү͵Ÿһžۡ
ⱲοŮ
¸ԯ˵Ҫչصĵ뷨ԯ䲢δԡ
Ƿ¸轫Լԭԭԯ䡣
ԯ䣬Ѿȵ֮ȥһƬ½Ѱҵĸ
ԯͷ
ãҸһ𡣡
¸豾˵ȥǰ;δƣԯһ֣أ뵽֮乲ͬĹԼϧ˻ȥ
á
ԯֵֻұչͻƻ˵Ҫãڴ֮ǰװɡ
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181 

ף
¸ԥƬ̱ͷ
ԯĹ
ϾδչأҲ˱չأ˵һ۾ȥ׺ɣʮ꣬궼пܣҲпܡ֮¡
ȻǶԱ˴ˣԼģһ;˲ȷ˭Ҳ֪᲻иһǲͽź
ãǾͳװɡ
ԭڴ飬ʱºס
³ˣǸƵա
ԭҪһɵĸ¾ȫɣǽǷ縮æòɿ
үҲ֪ԭ˳ϱԹ䣬ҲûʵԵľٶ
Ǹ
һº󣬷¸ԯҲ׼ĲˣѰһϿ֮أķѼ²µľۿ¾㱸˭֪뿪ǰ¸Ȼ岻ʡ
Ҫ֪ԪӤڵĴܣܻᷢͨ˵ϲ
ֻһ磬¸𴲣ȻһͷؽᣬЩӴˤȥ
ҪȻԯּۿסĻ
ôˣ
˸ճ࣬»οԯһֱǸ޿ħһϷ¸£û侲ǡ
ڱﲻ̹Īҹˣ
¸Ʋһۡ
һ
ԯһ˲شá
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أ̹һˡ
˵жϴػΪôˣôҴҵģ·ţԯ޷
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ͷۡ
ͷ¸Ϊʣ֪ǿٱأвʱ
ο¸ҽɱˡ
Ϊΰÿйط¸£Ƕûˣ֮ǰЩ֮ô

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Īͽһｵһ
Ȼ︹̵ص׻Եǰ
Ȼˣһǰ㿴һ۰ɡ
¸֣ȥˣȫԯ䡣
˭ָ֪մȥһ
ԯü
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ԯ䣺
˲ԯԺһ̵졭
ָָأһʱ˵òŻ˵˵Ŀģ
΢΢˺ÿüͷͫ׼ٵ˵ɫʣġ
ǡ
ΪǿԼ˵Ļǵ˵ͷ
ԯ˲˺ÿ۾һ˫ͫ׼両ֳ˾֮ľȣ˷ܣģ໥һ
صסǰصļָȻǲ˵ˡ
ٴεüͷԯ֮ɢ˵Ĳ
۵ø첲Ŵ֮ϴЦķ¸衭
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زؿ۷¸裺Լû
˵Ͼ¸߶ˡ
ֻûע⵽
Ȼ¸ҽ˫ҲкԼʱ򣬸ο
ѹûкӣҲ˵ûôС
ԯΪԪӤڣҪӶѡ
䣬
ŸԯһȾǿðɣҪˡ
ԯʱŽĿסԼϲãʱʱĻ鲻ԽĹճһĨĵЦݡ
¸Ĵϣֲֻ֪źãǡкˡ
価е̶ȫܹĳˮˡ
֮ͬˣԯ¸һףҪӻжѣֱ֮ϲܲ
΢΢ҡͷתˡ
¸΢΢ԯţҪˡ
ԯָС̽ȥһ³Ͱѷ¸δ͵ĺˡ
һչ֮ҪӺˡ
֪ʲôԯ䰲ʮ»̥ģȺӳԺٱչҲ٣֮һȥƬ½Ѱ
¸ͷţҲá
Ϊ˶СһҲ̫żοʮ궼ȥˣҲٵʮ¡
ڴ֮ǰȥ
Ͼ״ӣҪעһЩġ
ԯüë΢ճСӣòȥȥͺá
һȥɡ
ô۸ɣ
ҹ
һһ׵ӰںҹصĴţ·ɾ
ܿϿա
֪Сûԡ¸ֶԺУ¹ǡɵɴİɫѣ
Ա߱ԯ§Բ֪ˡ
-

182 ʦ

¸۵׹â˸΢΢һÿĻȡ
ԶһȥֻճС̫ʦϣֳһѱյӡ
¸貽ȥԯס˷¸裬ֹͣǰУָóһɴΧס˰ס
¸ԯ䡣
¡ԯԼ˷¸ϡ
̫ϣȥСӡԯ˵·¸ļʶҪ
˲һ岽󻮳һ²Ӱ
գۼ䣬Ѿ˽ճǵԡ
֪ʱֵѾصڽճǵļһ¡
Ҷ죬ԯϣ䣬ûһ˿˿¶ȡ
Զķ¸ǾĿһС
ճǱݺһ¼µԭֱ
󵨣˸ҴɻҪճ°ֱһ仨ˡ
ܹܵǰϵ⣬̲סĲ˼֡
ࡣ
̧俴׵ͫĵÿ¡
˫ӺȻܹ֪ĳԼߣԼʲôʱĵôĴأ
뵽ЩѵԼҪ𣿲ԣԣΪλδ֣һʱˡ
Σղ֪֮£ճǽıȻĲ֪ͦµġ
ǣҲͦڵ˵ոǰеĻ
ܲܰѻȥ
Ϊλ֣ճǱŸ߶ȵľ裬Լ
͸Ҫ
ãԯϧ˵ţͣ
纮һûκε
ճֻ֪ɴ֮ϵ˫Ľü˼֡
һ̽ճǵԺ˵Ļ棬ӲɽҲľɵҲ
ճǻҡҡͷԼþˡ
̨֪ǰΣѲվĶңճЩЦãȻĺ£ǻ̲ס˼䡣
ԯ·ֶⷬڳһָֻĻ֣һʮĽӭֱǰľˡ
ϵҶҲ˲䴩˵Ļҽʧ˿Уγһ塣
ճֱٶȺȣеҲƲɵĽ壬缦ʯͷ
Ҫʱճ͵۾ԺҲ̵졣
ѵվҪҺòģ
ʱԯָƶǡɴԱ߸һƳ⽣˿С
ճԺһƬհףһ˲ֻһգۼ䣬ȫûл֮
ԯָٶʧˣҪŪĹ
¸һпУⲽ
ճǴںԼһˣѩںڰΪ֮ϵŮ
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ԭˣΪ˿Լġ
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ճǼʦˣȻԼĵš
˵ű㳯ʦһ
¸վԯԣ޳Ӱھ޴Ҷ֮£ԵΪĺгһɾ£
ճǲĿۣãŽջԼ
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¸΢üָڿеһƬҶ촽ųô
ճ󣬲ٴεͷЩʦ˼
⡭֪˵
ʦվͦ۵ģģʦʱӦǰͽܣøʦӷϴҲǰ׼ǡճ˵űһĶ
¸ǲһ˸ոսճ̫ʦϡ
ԯǷվԣʱʱɨ̫ʦ˶
ԯճǵľܽǷǿߵѹȸУѹĽճ̧ͷֻܳڱʶ˼
̫ˡ
ʱԯŻ¶֡
ճɻ̧ͷ
˵ô
ΪʦڸķеΣʱ¸ŴЦš
ʦķֻƤëġճ˵΢΢Щ˼֡
ɫ¸辡۵ס
ػģݹȷʵЩΪʦʾ㿴Բ͸󿮡¸赭˵ţüҲǺƽ
ѩ¶лʦճⷬϹһĨЦݡ
۾ģһɡ
ԯ˵ţżᶨ
¸΢΢һ㶣㻹ͷӦˡ
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ʱճ۵˵ɻ󣬲ɳ˵֪λǰǣ
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ȻǰʦѾǰ
ԯɫһڣǰ
ʦ
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183 

ճ˸񣺡ʦӲ֪ʦ֡
ԯǼĲԸ⣬Ƿ¸ʹһԯųڣɡ
˵Ǳ˼㣬ûκε¶ȡ
˺ҷ㿴ԯֱӽ⡣
ǣʦճǴż˵˷¸
ֻһΣ濴šٴ
ǣʦѩһ濴ճǹ˹֣ʱ鲻Խ
ԯ佻úǿҵĳ۶ٶȻһɫĳԯʮֵƣ֮ʮ㡣
ʱһǿķµҶճֱó䵲סķ硣
¸Ǿ̫ʦϣЩбĿڣ¶Ըеǣб磬˳ֳ򦡣
΢˫ۣƳĽëɫĺͣϢڴˡ
ܿ죬ԯֻӶеĽԼѹ͡
һ㣬صĴҶ϶м䡣
Ȼżģ趯£һ
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ԼҲҪô
ܿ죬ԯ仮һƬϸСҶŽջء
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ճ̲ס̾˼֣ԯֻĤݡ
һʱ侹Ȼˡ
¸ϴŲ֪Ц⣬⡣
أ¸ָôľʵ̫ʦΣ
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ԯһ鿴ճĵһһʽüΪ档
¸迴Աв豭ŵΪԼһ裬ϸƷ
羰Ǻã࣬Ҷ֮£źò裬ǹա¸Ʒһڣ˵š
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˵꣬ҪԼĳ䣬ɨϵҶ
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ôˣʦǷ縮ķ¸裬ϸʦޣʦ񲻾ǡ
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ԯã֡
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˶һۣѾǻڣԽӦò⣬Ͼ游Էܴ֮еķ¸贩Խ
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¸һ˼֮ء
طľһ߶¸һһ޺ӲԶ
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184 һƬ½

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һŮӶ촽ӣӳĽ׵ޣǡ²Ƕ֡
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ӳǸˣü˵ܣҪס
ʱһСŮӴſǻңҳע⣬ǲŻ῿ɭΧסޣӳ߰ɡ
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Ϸ׷¶һĨ֮ɫôУǲû˶ӳ
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ǲΪȼҲͬ𵤴Բδ˵ʲôԲ
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ԯⲼʮ󣬲Լõǵ˻񣬾ǡ
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뵽ˣ¸ɫ΢΢ͣɤº͵һ
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ϣԲϲ⣬ͬ˾Ȼͬˣ
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185 С

ϣû뵽ǣֻǱС̬ʣȴû뵽ĴܾȻദ
ԭ׽߷ֹСϣֶ˼׽֮ɫ
ǡ¸磬ǡܸһôǱɭΧСӵʵÿΧģֻǡҶ岻֮ǰˣҪҩûôʯȥֻܽɭ֣õĻܵһӶ𣬶Ļݻ壬ֻǡ̫ðˣǲŵΧޣҿ¸ȣǿܶҪˡ
һ·Сߴߴ˵ͣҲҽܡ
˶ӳӣϣиȳƵԸŮϼͷѫݸ߸˻һȥ˹˹ĵա
һСˣʵ̫ߣ˶ӳսڣ඼ڻߺڡ
ʵڱɭΧתתƣΧ򲻸ҿģֻǱΣžһΣϷ¸裬ʱѾˡ
ϣƤһߵʱ򣬷¸Ƶ˾䡣
Ѿô
ԣӼһȣҲ֪ϹˣܣδؾͻԸһ׸
ԲõģɱǶпܡ
ֻûҵݣ޷ɣ嶼ûҩҩ
ϣԴС֪Ǹ¸Ϊ׸ֻǡ¸磬ǰɣŻݾأҡҰеʯ㣬¸ɲԡҪҼ޸¸磬ֻҪ¸粻Ϊ̫͡
Խ˵Խ飬СԽͣͷ촹ˣ֪ܹ֣Ƕܲˡ
ҪǷ粮ڣͺˡ
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粮ÿ궼Ҫؽ𻪳һˣȥʱҲ̫ˡ
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񣡡
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186 

ֻл֮ϣУҪ
û뵽ƸȻȥΪڵߡ
ѹͷţǰֻ޲û֮ǰֻĽ׵һĶӣͺ𣬽ŵ֮š
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187 

¸Ŀպÿ˫ŭ֮£±׶һ˵ɱǼ˵ʵ͵ģֻнڡ
ݷ磡ҪΨһһŮ޳һָŤɱδ
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188 

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189 

ŵҩϲĵƣӼѣ⡭ȻǼƷҩ
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190 

㣬㡭
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ԶЩֶԣӦŮӣ˵Ůӡ
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ԶѾ޻˵ˣô꣬СֶŮʲôӣץ޻ʯĵزˡ
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191 Ϊ

˫ͷȻȼһЩȻòܿǿԵģ󲮾Լɣ嵱Ҳ
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192 뷴

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Ǿ˱Ҫ𲻼ƽϣ˿ǳΡ
Ӷŵһµûš
һûϢװøûΪƵģᣬһһ²ǹİɣ
ѹҧֲܲһ˲
ִ򲻹ȣǿ߽ԼҲ֪Ц
ˣǿʳ˭ȭͷ˭ǵ
ѣеʯԼڱɭֵջȫϽ¸ǿˡ
ȥͦǣǿ
ٵľͲͷȥӶţ
ô
ڿô
-

193 ޳

ڣǿô
̵һ˿ҧгݡ
¸΢΢䴽ǣʾ⣬ˡ
ӶŻߡ
̫ˡ
ǶûߣһȺԪӤ𵤣˵ȥ¶ˣ
Զ󣬴в˿ڿˮһ̵Ļ
ߵļСӣߺЦĶˡ
ǿɴûôоüˡ
Ƿ¸Ĺ͡
¸裬ڱɭΧѾתһˣԻȥ˰ɣ
ʵ
ûٵģֹӶһֱʤ䷳
¸ͷţҲãǾͻذɡ
Сض飬ȥʱԼſھۼ˺öΧۡ
¸һۣƿȺ漷ȥ¸赲ܵˡ
ãÿ
ʲô£
վͽѯΧ۵һ
ҲһĪ˭֪ˣҾǿΧôˣ֡
գ
Լ֪ԭ򣬾Ϲ֡
ò׼棬¸üһô󲮵˫ͷΧˡ
ô£
ӵһʵ壬粮ǡôһ£
ҰҰû˵۷Զʶɨ۷¸衣
Զɸɿӵŷ֣Ժﻹбˡ
һ귢һЦеؿŸջӼˣ͵
Ǹ¶޳Ĺ£λ£Լǵ¶޳Ӯ˼Ҫ·µԼޣƺ̫Ը⣬Эأλǡ
˹һҵԵļЦȥͦͰģʵء
һ֪⼸ҵС붯˼£ǣæȰ˵÷ԶɴӦԼޡ
Զɫѿ˵úԼ޾Բ뿪ˡԶ͡
΢ֵЦɣƤ˵£ǿʲôҪᣬ˵ˣֻҪϸʲôҪᾡ㡣
¸һǷȱģǶôˡ
ѫ˸ӳȥغš
ѫǼСͷģҲֹ¸СƵģߡ
֪۵ӣȻǽڣѫԲһͱ˼
ѫ˼ؿ۷¸衣
Цӣؿһ۷¸衣
ƺ˵߷һ
֣ţԶѾֹһοˣҲӦá
Ӱ㡣
¸ȴ΢΢
ƺҲΪ鱦һ¶޳Ĺ£Ȼر޳򵥰
ʹ¸˼ǰҲ̫ԣռϷ硣

СͿ͡
䣬һֻ˶˫ǰͺһ𡭡
ֹ΢΢һ飬ЩҲסһЦֱ˫һ˳⡣
һϣȴŭ
˽װ
ǰ˽ף
˼ͽתþر˲С
Сӡ򵥡
ֹ´Ҵ뿪󣬼ûֿɿҲ׷ɢȥ
ͬʱҲв˽۰˽Լ޵¡
û뵽ǸȻԼ˰˽ޣ٣ˡ
˽ףǿǰ˽׵Ļ˫ͷûУǸ껹һͷ˽˫أ
˵ǼСӣ
ʲôʱ򼲷Сôţˣ

߹󣬷¸ƽ󲮣¶޳ôһ£
ǲ뿪һ£ôϲ㿴ˣҲǸ߻ᡰ¡
ȻǷٶô
ԶɵЩ㡣
ʵҾ롭Ϊ˳㡭׬ʯ
ԣ¶޳õѡ
󣬸һϲ
ںˣȻϲ
Լ޶˵ˡ
ûִ󲮵˼ֻǡ˽ԼޣڸСطȷʵЩǻǾ뿪ȥ𻪳ǰɡ
ԶɵͷֻˣӺͼСô죿
ӴСӣҲľ߹ģˣҲаˣֻǺӳ£־뿪Բįˡ
ֱ죬ֻʣǼ
Ȼһߡ
С΢΢Ŀ˼Ҫһߣ
壬ӣǵ˼أ
¸ѯʵ
Ȼ¸һߵģǿߣҲĪĻԵֻ¶
ɵÿһۡ
΢΢̾
¸Ѿͷ˵ʵڵģǵΪǻȡ
ļСӣӣΪֻͼڣ߳Ǿͬɳʯ󺣣ʲôǡ
¸Цˣûϵа취
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194 

а취ǵΪͻͽ𵤣ͻԪӤ
һＤǧˡ
ӺͷԶڣ˶ؿ
˵ʲô
¸һһ
˵зӣףΪͻͽ
Զ̵ʲôӣ
ƸһЦ³֡
Զ̼˲ɵõһ
ǿѹͼ飬Ĭʶʦ
ͻԪӤĽɵҲǸ߼ʦ
Ƭ½ʦĵȼַ¸粻ǺԪӤڵĽǿƵġ
ҡͷ
Ҳʶʲôʦ
̲ס΢΢ʧͬʱֵָѣԼͿ
£Զ̲ˡ
ǵʦ
¸ͷǿǰɡ
ʱСӲŷӦ
ϣһŶѽôˣľ鵤½Ƶġ
صҲŷӦζ
ô¶ˣʵǷ¸һ٣ٶǵľϲ̫ˡ
ʣӵô˵
ź׿Ҹˡ
Զ̲סֵ
㿴ҡڽ𵤴ԲƽƿѾüûɶļ󣬿ɲȸһöûеĻ˵˵Ҫʲôֵϡ͸Ūȥ
¸ʧЦ
ȵ˽𻪳ǼҵٸͳһƣÿҪĽ
Զ̵ͷҲãҲá
ѹ֮ǰƽҩ.Լʱ۵ĹǺʣµЩ˸ӵģĶβţ᲻ء
ѹָҪץ޻ȡʯԼҺеܼңû취˭Լҵ̶أ򲻵ã󻹲ǵóš
ȥ¶޳ŪЩʯ
룿ԼСֶŮȱЩ
á
ԺٲٵĵĺãֳʲôЦСֶŮЦ
һϼƣ¸ͷԶɴżСӸ𻪳ǡ
Ҫ𻪳ǰ֪ΪΣ¸Ȼһɡӡ֮
һ첻µزµķ¸裬Ȼˡ
һ·̲סǸʲôˣĻǺͰģ᲻ϲӡ
Щǰûгڷϡ
ѵ˵νѪŨˮ
󲮣ܸ˵˵ҵǸʲôô
ԶЦˡ
İɣϲģΪеҲҵĽ
ԶɺȻЦˡ
˵㲻ֹҲˡ
䣬¸Ȼһ㣬һЦ
ӷԶɿе֪ҳ󲮣дүүҲڣλ壬Яڷеڶ
øҲиСõܣǷΨһŮӡ
ϧҳƽһ˳˷ԶɺͷЯ˶
¸ȴ˵Ҫ
ȻαҲԡ
ԶȴΪ˼ǲ˲ζһˣԶɻο
ˣǷңҲǸļҡ
վڷ縮ǰ¸ŷԶƿš
һˣ
ҴүǷ¸׸磬羰飬ҲĺԺʽԺӣżһ۾ͿԵ
羰Ŷ
ԶɣôͻȻˣ
Щ꣬ԶɺͷЯⱼٻЯʱڷԶɻΣ¶ͦ⣬ӭ˳
硣
󲮡
Զɼ¶ķ¸衣
㿴˭
羰ӵĻ΢΢Ŀˣ˭תɴ
ԶתͷһЦˣѹ֡
ժ
¸ء
ժߵһ̣˶ˡ
̫ˣ
Сķ˾һ󲮣⡭Ƕ˽Ӱɣ
羰һǳ⣺Ī˵˵
Яʲôӣ˽ӣɵÿӡ
Զɣҽͣ˭
Զɵȷܵĺӡ
羰ܡ
ЯҪбĺӣǻõô궼ͷƴһ˼ȳң
Ϊ֪ЩͷڸЩʲô
Զɣ˵ʵô£
ԶŲ˳ˡ
ûŮӰܸңŮ
㡭˵ʲô
羰ҡ£ԵĶӲס
۾ŵʣԶɣ˵һ飬⺢ӡ˭
زȷԶɿڣ¸ǰүүǷ¸裬ҵǷЯүүз糹һˡ
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195 Ƿ¸

һڣʹ羰ۿ
ĿƵŷ¸裬βŵúӣ㡭үү
¸蹴Цˡ
үүģүүö˶ˣڣֻڻģ˶ãҾͻүүӻһžۡ
羰鲻ݺᡣ
ڡǾͺãǾͺá
ҽԴϲֻзЯ֪Զ˵ڲڽ𻪳ǣǣһӶţģпɣƵһġ
¸˺Ҫһ׵ͷŨˡ
󲮣ұȥǡ
ԶɵͷҲãһȥ
¸ҡͷԼȥڽ𻪳ǰСӵͻƣ壬ҲԪӤɣЩ㹻õģһдϲ͸үү岮ǡ
ܷԶͬһȥǵĺ⣬¸轫һһڶձճǰǡ
·ϲѾһ࣬ԯӦñȵ𻪳ǣĪµˣ
ˣǵ׵취˰ɡ
ǡ
½Ժ󣬷¸跢֣߸һƬ½ûȴԶ
ĽͨߣǸ޼ݳϷɵģܵģ
¸ҲøԻ˫
׵ڷȣܵģҲ˫ˣСڡ
Ŀǰָϡ
̫أСڻϳ˯˯ֻȲҪسʱ򣬷¸Ż¶
˽׵˫ߵԳΪˡ
ⲻһǣ¸ڴϾ˲עĿ
˫ɣ
Ȼǰ˽ףǴ۽磡
˽£¸軺ǣ˴ӥʿӶš
λ·ɵɵָǰֱߣ·תǡ
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ԺǶֵӺˣλ˸˵ˣ·ģ治š
ĴﶨȻǸ߸ϵĴڣӵа˽Լ޵ˣǷǸĴӵܣһһǿߡ
Ȼĸл˶κġ
¸Ͼ˼ֱӥʿӶŷȥ
˭֪յſڣͷǳŭ
Я浱ԼǸˣӥʿӶšӶţӶſǣǵĸϴǺϲѾǸӣҪҪ
¸üͷ塣
ӶţϤżСڱɭϹǶˣ
ʱ˵Ŀɲǽ𻪳ǣʲôԩ·խ
ûȷ¸趯ִһ
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Я֣¸˶һ
أ¸軺ߡ
Ӷŵʢˣ˶ڣΪϸߣӥʿӶŵ˶Ժ
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ƴˣ
ƴˣ
Ӷ̫
ɷЯ֪涯֣ӥʿȻҪԿ
ˣҲǽ𵤴Բ
ӥʿӶһԪӤڣмǸɵ˽𵤴Բʮһ֮£һֲſ
ʵʲ⡣
ۿԼֵ֮֡
ΪѣȻһλ꣬ڣһŰߣ׿Ȼ
ӶǰɣǸųڣ
ԣ׷תͷȥһ󻹸һͷ˽׵˫ÿ·
Ӷŵˡ
һλ˽Լ޵˾ȻʶǸųаϲ²λһġ
ӥʿӶŵˣɫͲôˣԭǾѴ·磬ôǽա
Яü壬ȻϣһĨ԰ס
Լ˾ŷ¸΢
ʱӶŵȿˡ
ˣʶǸų
¸蹴΢
Ȼ
ûӶŵ˾ϲ¸ֵǸӳҡ
һ׽ӣ¸軵ĵؼ𴽽ǡ
ҽӥʿģӶš
תӶŵͬʱ˿
ӥʿһ±ơ
Ҳ˵λˣ
Яһʱ买֣λ
¸æֹ
ضԣҲѰģס
ף
Яüëһӥʿ˭ô
ֱ¸軺ժϵߣŸһģӿ̳Яʱͫ׷Ŵ
Ƿ¸衣
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196 Ůеܼ

һӲѷЯɵˡ
ʶƽ׶ӣɿŷ¸Ÿһ޵Լˡ
ֻһŮǵǴˣʵңңǶӣ
㣬ǡ¸裿
¸裬ǵӻûʱȡõģкŮá
¸Ц
ǡ
Яü
ԣֻһŮûжӣ㵽˭
¸賷αװ𽥱ŮװЯ֮࣬۽һȡ
ŮңңŮ
ֻüһۣȲѱߵŮķʽ⧲ǰǷЯһߵ˿Ҳˡ
㣿ôᡭ
¸Ц˵ڸϸ˵ƺʱ򡣡
¸һ䣬б۶ſڵӶŵһۡ
Ӷʶһ
⡭Ȼų£ǾͲˣɣߡ
ȵȡ
¸ʮӶŵٮٮһҶס
ǲߣǶſڵֻ˽Լޣͷصͺһ
ʮԪӤ׷׺
˻кҪģ˵ǡ
Ǹڰ֪ЯôŮӥʿӶŵĿɽô󣬴Ҳһˡ
֮ǰȻ˵ЩҲûʲôأݵ£Ҫ߲ˡ
¸΢ûʲôȥϴһԺҪӥʿԸɡ
˻뿪ӥʿ˻Щûع
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ؼǣǸǿߡ
˽Լްò𻪳Ƕһֻ֡
ϣϴŮ
ЯһͷʵվԵһλͷһµ
⻹ʣ֪ˣ
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ʵˣ
Я΢ҵҵģүүأô꣬үүȥôͻȻ˽𻪳ǡ
Ӷķʣ¸һЦ
ģүүܺãҺүүôҲܺã֪㣬ԺٸͣڡʲôҪģæͷæ˵ģҾĶҲȥ
Яס񣬺Ȼζ벻ӵŮһ侲ԳֵķųҲЩҡ
ŮĻҪɫöࡣ
ңңĹѪȻ
뵽ȷӣЯһ
ţǸȥϢûʲôҪģǧӥʿκ񣬹غţ
ΨһģǺúÿԼŮ벻Լ⣬Ůôÿ
ӥʿӶһֱķ䡣
ô꣬һʱ̶û޶¸СҪõģ׼Ҳһֱ׼ţһ죬һžۡ
û뵽һôͻȻ
ȻİӻûжŮˣʮֵӼᶨ
ңңôǵŮ㵱һɫ
ЯңԶǸ򣬾ڡ
һ죬̤ǣӻԼӡ
¸״Ψһǵ㲻Ҳʧˡ
Ѫǣǵһμ棬Ҳİ
Ůμ棬˵Ŀ϶ܶ࣬ɷЯͷ¸裬ڱԼˣԸŮһ̸Ҳܼ򵥡
¸ҪЯ˵ô游һƬ½
֪ŮСС;ѾӣЯԭ
ĵ
̫ûãøСС;ͱ˹ˡ
һжҪ㡣
Я۵ȾһĨᣬ¸ͷ쵽գŸһģһȻ²ȥˡ
Ů̫ԼҲȫǺá
Ŷʲô
Ů׼Яһůعǡ
¸ų滢ͰƱֻ;޴ޣǱ壬·䶼Ҫˣڷ¸̬֡
Яһ۾Ϳֻ޵ĲͬѰ
ɻ
⡭
¸һЦ
͵ϲһֱԼ
⼸ֻڷ¸ǵ˲١ôͱˡ
ԼѣȵϽҪ
Я˰ΣԽԽ
ǰ˽׵ĸ߽ޣеˡ
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¸Ц
Լֻ滢ɣ˽۷壬ֻӾỻʯ
Яû
˻ʯ
ԼҹŮеܼҰ
˽۷ޣʯô˷ѣȱʯĶģƱͲˡ
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197 ²в


¸šüԼϵĻֲò
ޣǾֻ辶ˡ
ǵȥ޳ʶһ£
ڷЯûŮĻ䣬ýĸ˼ӣŮһ
½ǿΪŮеǿߵ̬øˡ
ãϢһգȥ
ҹ¸ڶһˬƿţӥʿӶѾвڳˡ
¸裬׷׵ͷƺһС㡣
¸ûа㲻Ӧգ͸Ӷ˴һƬ
緹󣬷Яڣȥ޳ʶʶھʹȥ
Ƹϲ
á
𻪳ǵ¶޳
ûʮʯ볡ѣЯ˴ŷ¸棬⻹Ǹɡ
Яұۡ
ųܵΪڷЯ֮£𵤴Բֻһ֮ңͻԪӤ
ֵȻ˫ȴǲԸҲ֮һЦһʱʱЦ
ϧЦڷ¸迴̫١
¸䣬ƺûˣӦǸճҲǸող֪ӥʿλС㡱
ȻֵܶԷ¸趼ôá
ǿ磬ΪǸ桱֮İɡ
¸Դ˱ʾû취͵
һ¥Ƕ޳¥ΧۣҪѺעľȥǱҸˣһر̼ıȶ˲ġ
ν˲ģ˺ޱԣ˶޳̨Ǹ
ֱȶ޳Уֻǲѡ
¸ü
Ƭ½淨ԽԽθˣﾺǿ棬˼
¸ζı飬ֵּܿһۡ
۵¶һĨζ
λȻսġС㡱е˼ˡ
ֻ֪¸ʱ򣬿Ǵһͷ˽Լ޵ġ
ҲǸողŻߵļû˸ǡ
˵Įӣ¸֪ƺû˫ƺղس֡״̬
Яֻûעǹװ֪
ϾŮҪ̳һУǰֵܡ
飬ϣǰֵǣķڷ
ע
¸ʵ
עô·Ҫȼ£
ЯЦЦƺ˵벻ŮҲܡС
ţûҪȿˣȻע
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һ¥޳ڣԭرյբȻǸģӣһբ߳ģһֻ߽׵ļޡ
¸ϸȥνļޣһֻ꣬еǵޣٶƣޱȡ
һץȻֻ߽ףʵһ˽ޡ
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˷׷עѹʤ
¸迴ʱüһ壬ߵעĳأһ֣һǧʯ
ѹʤ
¸˾٣˲ˡ
һһĿȻĽ²в
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198 û뵽

ЯЩɻźӣƺֲϷ¸ⷬٶ
ԼҲֱҡͷ
ᣬԡ
ڣЯǿ˿ڣмɰˣ
ʮɰɡ¸뿪Ц
Я΢΢һ
Ů磬ͷԷȵģǾǵаˡ
ΪԼ۹⡣¸赭˵ţ͸Ű
С㣬㻹̫ˡ֡
ûб̬
ЯŭŭŸĽͣĪʶСӣ
¸ǰˣַֻ棬ƳĶĳˡ
ûԯ䡣
ڳеԯ丶ֶ֮䣬ǣī֮
ʲôߡ
̧Ⱥһ۱Ǵߡ
ֻ΢΢ճһĻȣΪһ˿һ
ˡ
ֱӸŵ˷¸ߣ˲ཻ֯ţʱ¸Ҳ˵㻡ȡ
ЯȤζĿԯ䣬һٵĲ²⡣
ͦмְǡ
ЯüӵɫԶ
ʱеѹޣΨ¸һѹԯ䣬Խ㶼ڷ¸ϡ
Ҳøбӣо֪оÿһɵӡ
Īвأö˶˵һ
ڸǰٰ飬ٳٲ˵
¸ǵӰ죿
ʱһӵС𣬡δ˶ǳ֮ˣǷİ
˵һŮ˷˷̵Ц
¸üס˷Я֣֮Լᴦ¡
仰ɵӶܹ˵Լ
Яͣһ¡
ĪԼŮǳ֮Ҳŭ뿴
ЯǰС͸䣺Ǻã
ǲҪЯ˰֡
ҲðȻǰҲã䡣
¸ûлش𣬶ǿűϡ
õȷ¸δػŮɫѿЩˡ
ĿǰΪֹ¸ⶼûС
֪С˭С˵ˣвġΪ׵ĴۺɫȹŮҧŴݺݵ˵
¸ⷬü۾΢С
ԭһ軵˵Сأ
ҵЩݵʤأ
Я䣬뿴չЩڵģϾԼŮոϲá
ЯҪڣ¸趴⣬ļʶ״ˣ԰꣬Լ
˼ʶ
Χ˲ɵһڣ𻪳˭˲֪ǽ𻪳ǵĵһҵĴСľ˪˼˾˱ֵķϣû뵽Ů˾Ȼϣ
ľ˪Ů˻Ǹ
еİɣ֪С˭ôСĸ㣡С˽𻪳ǵһҵС㣡˵⻰ʱ˼Ժ
Я΢΢üû˵ʲô
ǱſϷ̬ȣֻʱʱ˼˼һ¡
Ҫʲôܹʵ
˵꣬ŷ¸蹧άɷ¸ĽĶȴڳ겻ѡ
¸ûеһʱش
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δ𸴡
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Ŷ
һܶĻظ
ƣ㲻޴֪
ġ
ľ˪߳ŭָŷ¸˵
ּҵϵС㣬ų鱦ܹί񣡼ˣ
Ǹ۵ģľã
ڴʱһŻӻδˣ
ҡӣһΣԼжࡰ·ˡء
ľ˪һԼҸ磬üɫٿСܵܵߣָŷ¸磬һ֪Ůˡ
¸üͫ˵Ĳͷ
һûˣ
¸תȥ˴ʮֵĻĶмɫ
֪ô¸ͳͫ׽ı䡣
ѵ㲻֪ôҶ֪˭С룬ô⾩ģ
ĸľַӣ¸
ʱķ¸ûݣ¾ȻüĿЩȾ̻
û뵽ϻ˺ÿŮˡ
ľַ¸һʱ뷨Զ˶١
Ǹ¾աľַ建˵š
㳤˺ÿᷢЩ
硭ľ˪üͷ
ɴˣô£ѵΪǰŮ˳һ
ȴŸ̫ҡˣûˡ
ˣǸҲ뿴̬һûģ
ƾǣҲ䣿
ϲ˷¸ɢ˺⣬ΧҲ鲻ԽĴһ¡
-

199 ʤ

ɱ
ǰڡ
֮ʣͻȻʼˡ
¸ջѹһתע顣
ȻˬǱȷʵˣϾһӻѹ
Ҳûע⵽ոǷ¸ɢǿѹΪǶ޳ϵޣһʱҲû룬̶ר־ؿ
ֻиڷ¸ע⵽ɵö࿴˷¸һۡ
¸΢΢Ծš
ܹĸܵԯˣʵֻܵԪӤڡ
Խʱͷ¸ɢˣΪҲʱ
һ£ޱٵıԯȥȾ˳̣һȵľʡ
ԯɱ⣬ӭֱϮޡ
Ũǵ壬ֻǾҵĴ
Ƿ¸ܹ״
ָϰԵţƺ˺ܾãͣеĶ
ͫ׻ָƽȾһ
ʱֻһ죬޾.ĵ̨ϣ˲Ũοˡ
żϵԯ䴩һۣķ紵Ŀĳۡ
վм䣬ûһ
ֻй۲ʮϸķ¸΢ͫףɫĳۣмΪЩ
Ϊǳ˿ڡ
Χ˼ⳡ棬ٳٵĲţе˶һ˲䡣
ôӮˣǵΪ
ⲻܣ϶Сˣʲôը

еķ񶨵һ˲𣬱ϾЩУζ˺ܶǮ
ЯſԼŮǸԼľϲ
Ҳૣôôɺϵ顣
ʱľ˪Ӧŭɫвˬе˶ˣΨӮˣ
󲽵ĳŷ¸߹
¸Ÿ˵ףңֻԱ߿ͺãԼ
ľ˪¸ǰղţ˵㲻Ǹ
ϽǸ¾ˡľַҡӣһԳŷ¸˵
¸ѹûһľַġ
ԡ¸ֱľ˪ͫס
ľ˪˲оһĺ⣬˫Ӻÿ£濴ɱ⡣
ĲǸҾܳ¸üͷ˵š
ΧЩΧ۵ˣЩȻֺľ˪ĳÿò֪ߵغѾͷ֪ǽ𻪳ǵһҵС㣿
¸գۣƳ۽ë֮ǡɵڸ˫ͷ
ЯʼǰԼŮǷ
ľַʱЩɻ˼Ŀŷ¸衣
ŮͨɣȷʵǲѰ˼ҵŮӣѵʲôٹˣ
뵽ľַ֪ʲô
¸衣¸費±¶Լݡ
˽𻪳ǣҪ֪Լ֡
¸ԱţԺ֣òһ
û֡
ڱס֡
ľַüһ֪ߵغŮӣҶ֪˵ʲôˡ
ľ˪Ц
ȷʵû˵
֮ϵԯüһֱעŷ¸衣
ΣӦҷйΪⳡտʼֻӹȥΪոѹޣҾѹ
ֱƶ顣
Χܶ˰࣬ﵹǸ˵
һȫɵҲΪСﵣǵ
ľ˪Լŭһͷ鲻Խע
һȥѰ˼ңҪ˰ǡ
˵ʱʱ죬¸ץסֻ֣˲ľ
ľ˪ʹ־¸ʹ޷֮
ľ˪͵۾
ſңš
¸ղ£ķſˣһӣгһµ˿˲ոסǵ֣Ȼӵ
һϵеĶûκεˮ
ľַʱҲŭֱһͬʮ߹ֱֱĳŷ¸˹
¸˿Ѵ֮һӴȥ˲ӱˣֱΪ˻ҽʧ˿֮С
ĳ֣е˶ûпֵġ
ľַľ˪곤꣬ȻֻǼ򵥵ıԣ֪򲻹ǰŮˡ
ľ˪ʶûнĶʱ򲻺ճ
ľ˪ߡ
ľҵǽˣûôˣľַľ档
ľ˪ɻľַ֣ʣΪҪŹҲģ
ôϣ㲻Ҫڽ仰¸䣬ԯ
յصɲõϡ
ľ˪ݺݵĵıӰ磡㿴ôܾô׷Źˣ
ľַ年һЦҵɵãţ֪ˡ
-

200 

ľβ̣ͫҲҡ
ôĵģĪʲôƲߣľ˪˲ˡ
۾ľַ塣
й¶ҿϷǡ
ã
ֻҪܹ¸ôѻָǣкη
ⲻ֪ϸȫȻڷ¸Ķߣ¸Ҳ¶;ĵȴš
¸ҡͷСӵİϷԼöԽ˳ȻܹչܵסĽİϷ
Ц
ܿĴʵסˣߣװ׵һѵʯ
棬ʱΪ׵˳һѾͷȻôʯ
¸費Ӧòµᷢʲôء
٣ϳľַҡӻĳ
±԰ɣ±һͿ֪𣿡ľ˪͵˵š
ЩλеĴȥˣз߷ߣ˵ǡ
ȥĹһͷ˳Լ˵
ǣūţȥ
ܿ죬գ۲ӵʱ䣬С˹һһŻˡ
֪λҺѽ
Ҫ±ԣ㿴Ű졣̬Ⱥܼ
йصġԥԥ˵š
ǲܣ㿴Ű죡仰ѾǺصķˡ
¸迴֮վŵ۵ۡ
˶֪ǰļ̬ʮֵļֻ±ˣϾȷʵﲻĹأ
УҾ°űԣ˶Эˣ֪ô˵ȥҲǰ취
ҶȲˡ
ǹ¶ǰ;
˿ɵúúõԶѽϾɨǵʣ仰ĸͷСڹ˶ߵ
ϾԯǵĲ·ôܻ׵طŹأЦƽ֮ŭ
ֻЦ£㻺ȥ
ܿ죬˸ԯ䣬Ҫ±ԣԯȻʣɼ
¸ȴԼĴ㣡Ѿ뵽Ľˣ
ҷ¸踺
ܿ죬ΧһƬֲٵ˿͸̻з׷׵ļע˲١
Ψԯֻз¸ע
ҿСܻܲŻǸ⡣ʱľַ۾ž⻺˵
ǸԶ硣ľ˪۵׾ǿġ
˵ŷ¸˹뿴ʧģ
ƺ뵽ʧģϴЦݡ
ܿ죬°һͷħޣ򿪵ʱ˲ڳܹܵѹԡ
¸ʱֽսͫɱĹâ
ָ֮У˲˷ɫʡ
ġ˵š
ܿ죬ħȫӳӵʱڳеܹĿһֻͷߣǶ޳Ψһһͷ˽ޡ
Χ˶
ͷ߳ԯӡ
С࣬Ȼҳ֡
ϵĴмΨһһͷİ˽ޣĵͷ
ȷʵǿԣ֪Ҫʲô
ҿСӻôŤתǬ漣

ãǰ˽׵ޣϲ
磬Ȼ˵ûһ䣬ʱҿô
û뵽˳ôһֱʣӮˡ
¸ЩĻ˶棬˵ʮֵĺ䣬ʱŵ˵ΧĿڵ
һʱ˶ܵԱ˲䲻ɵĳŷ¸迴˹
ŭ޳
Χ˲䶼ĬˣЩ˺ȴҿڣЩڳΪҪϼ֣ӲıƸѹȥˡ
дʱŻĻعСѾͷ֪˵ʲô𣿡
¸ɨЩˣ˲У˱ϡ
һգ۵Ĺе˶סˣֻ˽׾ͷ߾ôΪ˻ҽ
ŷӦˣԭŮǻΪ
ڣ
Ȼڣ
º𣿣
¸ֽУ֮ϵŮһ˾Եĳ
˭˲ǿġ¸˵ţС˲䴫˵Ķ档
˭˸Һô
֮ԯǷվĿ
¸ջ䣬ڳļʼ߷׷ŵȶڴš
û뵽ȻǻΪˣȻôһ֪ͰװЩʯġ
뵽֮ǰ¸˵Ļ
ǵĳӶˡ
ľ˪á
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201 ԭŮ

ЯһУǼֲš

֪ʵѾԼȴҲû뵽ȻѾ˻ڡ
ãããЯ˵֡
εºôһŮѽ
Աߵʱ۾Ǿȣٶ˵ʲôˡ
ŻЦᣬû뵽ôͱˡ
λȻǺ£ʱʱƣǽĻعһдʱĻ̥
޳ˣȻһͷΨһİ˽ޣвᡣ
ֲ׵صĵһΪˣҪͽᡣ
ľԼĵ˴Щ¡
磬ضǸô죿ǵĵһڵˣ״֪£Ҫɣľ˪ľַ½ǣֵ˵Щ
ոԼôôǷôһڵŮˣ
ô죿ô죿ֻĵ뿪ľַ巳ĳԼѣЩͷ
γ֪ĵһڵˣ鷳
Ǵʱ֪ˣô롣
˵ˣľ˪Ҳֻõ˵ͷ͵͵뿪
֮ϣ¸ԯ䣬а˸š
һʱûô⸱ˣֵĻȴۡ
˳˹ȥ
ԯǹһĨÿЦݣþƽ۹⣬ʱ˲
ԯٿһЩ
¸Цϴ̣濿һЩ
ԯ䣬ַգŴƵļ
ʱˡԯЩۡ
ˣȴ뵽
ˣ˵ˣҷȥϻˣǾΡ¸ѵ˵
û£Сˡԯⷬ˲Ҫڸʲô
¸費ԯϵĻˣ뿪ӥʿӶš
֪ʲô˼
ӥʿӶź󣬷¸ԯ䴦˿ڣʽļһԼĸ״ˡ
ķ¸æŴ˿ڣ¸ĸױû̫ĴţԵڻ֪˭
ֻԼԼĲ²˼ֲ֣ȷ
˻ĳ󣬷ЯںȲ裬ʱ
⺢ϵˣذɣЯĵʵ
ãϢӦòûˡ¸辡С˵
Яԯļ򣬱ʾοš
ȷʵǿͦϲġ
ЯڣʲôϵʱԯֱǹȥˣŮһݡ
Яֶ˿У΢΢ĳ˳飬ʲôʲô
˲䣬ɫһƬ÷¸ʮֵĲ졣
ףôˣ¸Щˡ
ǸոջúõģôͻȻ׵ɫͱˣѵԯʲôĲԴ˼أ
˷¸ĻЯһԼλ棬ƵĺŲ衣
ףôˣôͻȻͱˣ¸ɻʵ벻ʲôõɡ
ԯ̧ǰһۣ֪Ǻԭ
Ϊ⡣
֮ǰͦõһӣôڿôǶ˳أЯֱ˵Լж뷨
һҪģƭԼıŮ
ˣԺͻῴŮ˳ˡԯƽĽסⷬ
ŵġ
״ˣҾŮ˵仰ûë
¸踽ŵͷ
УҾǿ˳ۣЯʱһһżˡ
¸ֻεЦЦҲֻÿʱɡ
úúã˵ǡԯǨŻظģνݼڣԼ
¸üȥȷʵʲô취Ͼԯ仹
״ˣҪ˵ϻأ¸СѯŷЯ
ЯüͷֱһΣ
˺ŮҲڰ˵ʱһãŮҪҵŮȫռأ
¸費֪Լĸ״ε̣ԯ֪ѽ
УгЩЯɿڡ
ȷʵҲùűȽгЩԯ˳үӵ˼
¸һԯ䡣
㵹ǻ˵ҵıŮǲǾƭģЯʵ
ˣ㲻֪ıŮжྫҶ°ܽ
¸һţеִ硣
ߣˣɣ˵Ϊ˿̱仰ŷЯ
Ů͹ˣллˡԯ
һˣЯǰԯһۡ
ܾˡ
Ӷˡ
˵ʲôЯֱվ
¸׷ȷ죬һʱҲ֪˵ʲôźá
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202 ޺Ͷ

ЯʵĲᡣ
Ů겻Ŷʮͷ˵ĪǻûСӹˣ
ԯһűǻһӣлˣӦûϲ
ʲô
Яһкˣ
ǸӣҪġ
Ůˣû˵ôôСĺӶ¡
Я侲Գ֣ʧ̬ͻȻ˵ԼѾ⹫ˣҲЩƲס
¸Ϳ
ԯҲˣΪƬ½ҪԽ磬ʱԡ
Яɫ΢΢Ȼ
ѾӸе֪Ϊ˶ƼҰ׷ɱòգŸԽʱս磬ȥһƬǰͱָһƬ½
֪һƬ½Ĵڡ
ѹô꣬Ѱ½Ҳûҵ׺͸
ǣôꡭί㣬
СûԼĸܳɳ֮ãɼ׶ԸǸ˼Ѫ
ӵĲТ
ЯⱲԲˣĸףǷģΨһŮ
ȥˣǰ¾ͲˣлĻȵžۣһȥǡ
Яͷ̾˿վǴ
˳ɫܲ
ˣʶֻڽ𻪳СطȥһƬգǵĺܡ
𻪳ǣվǴչ֮أҪϱǿҪȥĥ
ڴˣȴø·
ŨŨĸǷ¸ӣΨһġ
о΢
ллҺܸܳΪŮ
Яο¸ͷҲܸˣôɫĺŮ
¸ɹЦ
ָŮŵĸо
Я֪¸һƬϡûʲô֮˴ڣض½˽⣬ǳ֮ǰЯǽƬ½Ĳͬ
½Ϊ޺Ͷֲͬ
ǰ߱ߣʺû似Ͷ
޼ɣԭ֪ĴͬС죬ڶ
žļǿ棬Եһ似
ȼΪߣʦʦ飬ʣڣ𣬰ʥʥۣʮױǶ
˵½ֹֻһλ񣬻ǰ
ÿһַΪŸСȼ
Ͻͬȼ£Ҫ޲Ҳߵ츳
ԣޱȶ߳һЩ
ͷβ꣬¸迴ԯһۣﾡζ

ȥ˼ġ
ǣû˫޵ģ
ЯһЦ½ڶ࣬˫޵ȻҲУֻ˫֮ˣľҪڳ˫֮ϣҡǶš
Ѿͷ˼ֺͦãոһʣЯ֪Ѿͷ뷨
Ů츳ߣȻˣɡΪףȷʶϣŮϣδЩ̫á
ڿʼǲҲҪŬӭжˣ
ܲӶȲϡ
ҪǶԶȤȥѧԺ
ѧԺ
¸һ
ȻרŽڶѧԺ
ҪѧԺɡ
ѧԺרŽڶģ
ЯҡͷѧԺǵ۶˫ѧԺ߽Уǵ󣬲ǻС֪ˣ죬ǵŶһץһѵģữ񣬲۵ĴڣĪҪ۸ڶ
¸ͷ
֪ģĺˣȻˣ׼׼ȥԺһ
ǸԼϵ족ѧԺǸʲôӡ
ԯҲͬȤ
ȥѧԺ
Я״óŹݸˡ
ޣܰǵģֻ΢֮Źó
似̫͵似ĳɳû紦Ͳˡ
պѧԺȻиõԴ
֮û죬¸ԯʰ׼ǰ۶ǡ
ͬʱһߵģмСӵǼ
⼸ÿ˶ͻ
ѾԪӤڣϣҲ˽𵤣󣬴Բֱӽڡ
û뵽ȥգǼСõġ
Щ˷¸Ľ񼲷СӶԷ¸̬ȣֱ֡
˵ҪȥǣĦȭơ
ġҪһȥǣ
˵һס
¸ͷȻ˵ڶ࣬ѧԺһģ¸¾ѧԺӣҪǰ׼һ¡
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203 1

˷ܹ󣬼СӲŷԯĴڣ˵Ƿ¸ķԯ̬Ҳúܡ
֮Ϊӡ
¸轻
ǣһϰ߰װ
Ȼ½ûŮֻ֣֮ʵΪ𣬲¸ȷ̫ҡˣװЩ
Ҳ׷׵ͷͬ
˵ʵڵģСǼеģ¸Ůװɵأᡭ
ţװЩ
¸䣬֮¸ߡ
·һ·ϻ˳պһڸϵǡ
ѧԺĵһ졣
¸ǵʱѧԺſڱѾʼų
Աߵ˵ʲôѧˣϣǼΪ͵Щġ
½㡭ң²С
˵ǶһץһѣŽ𵤳ڣͨѧˣǸô죿
¸ͷɣûµģҸ˵ͱ׼Բ㲻Ѿô
漴ִοԼޣ㿼˵ıȶҲδػ䣬ûµġ
ˣϣԭĲ
ܿ죬ֵǰӡ
ѧԺ涨Լ֮迼ˣҪˡ
ԪӤ߽Լ޸ȴҲûﵽ⿼˵ı׼
𿼺˵ʦйʵ޻
ӻش𣺡ޣʮ꣬ԪӤ
ʦͷҲû̧һȥɣһſ˳
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Ҫ˵ĶһԪӤڵѧ
ԪӤڣֻϳŹУͨˡ
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΢΢ףǿ˳۵ķϣû뵽һųԼޣ˵ɵۡ
Լޣô߽׵ģ
ɵۣӲʵô˲Լޣ
λѧԺ꼶ѧˣƤһһġ
ôӵڶôʵ
бģߺţֱѡλð⣬ӵ߽Լ޵ģôҲƽ񡱰ɡ
ģ˵ˣؿҪˣ֮ǰ˵˼ҳŹУܲܳŹеģɣ
ҲǣѧԺûй涨˲ԼޣˣǼȻҾͲˣʼɡ
˻Щȵġ
˵һѴ󵶣ٻԼԼޣ׵ޡ
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ԷǾȻλ׶һɢӾͿˡ
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ǶԴһ˵ģ㿴Լ޶Ҹףǲãɣҿı¡
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˵գһӵȥԷҲһԲۡѿڶ
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ת۾͹һУͬʱЩ
ȫ³̵Ĵ򷨣ʵϰЩӦ
Դ.Ϣʱϰ˰ͷϵĴ󺹣Ц԰Сӣ
ҲͷϣеԽԽ𾢣ʹ˼£һ
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̾⿼е.̬
ò˵һù񫣡˾ϰЩ쾡¡
תۣ˾͹£ԵЩ֧
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ʲôԼʵսĥģȻôôʵþС
ƺ֧Ųȥˣϰֽͣ
ˣѾˣͨˣվ͵ΪֹϲλѧܣҽϰӭѧԺ
ԣǺһЦȡһö鵤ӽת۾ͻָܲһǱ߳ȥ
ԴӸ˷¸裬ҩֶǾûϹһʼС񼲷Сÿ˿ĵҩǶƵģȫûио
ɱ˲һ
ϰֱǺ
Լޣҩô˶Ǹ徫ӵܰɣ
ƫƫȥֲ̫
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204 ˶

ϰҲûȥֵѧܣӭУԺģͷʽѧпд裡
ӹЦлϰʦ֣պʱҡ

ˬ߳˳ڸǲסϲã˾Ͳ³ǹˡ
쿪ʤǸ˿˸ͷڶ˵Ǻϼ
ǰ͹̣Ļ
ϼҲúܣ󡢲˳խϸشƨ̣ǱϵıӣŶӵʱѾ˲˲Ŀ
ϼʮһޣ𵤳ڡ
֮ǰЯ˵۶ʤʮͷĽ𵤣ʲô棬˵ʦû̧ͷָָһſ˳
ڿ˳Ƿʽģװʶ󷨣ĳ˵Ҳġ
ϼ뿼˳ʯŻرһ̣һͬĸȳƵİŮӣںϼǰ
ŹһоӮ
Ůһص
ϼһЦϽ±һ˦ðǿʼɡ

˶ϲϻˣһһף·һһֶޡ
ŮԪӤڣ⽫Ϊѹڽ𵤳ڣϼƽ
֮Ĳ໹ǺԵġ
ϼľ˫ʹȻϲԡ
趯һ
ϼһǰ㣬ȸ̧˳Ůȥ
ŮѧԺѧԺ꼶ѧϺ
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ֻҪϺ΢룬㣬ܿ죬ѹϼڵϣһУˡ
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205 ؿ

Դ½¸跢֣޻Ƕߣûбٹȵġ
պãעؿڸ֮ģࡣ
á
¸һξ˷ޱȣû뵽˿ȥ䣬ͦ˵Ҳûôѽ
УһиѣȥһʰˣͳѧԺ
ûһξʹһİ˹š
ԯ¸裬Ҫǰʰɣȥһǵһء
¸ʰĲˣҲǵһǣȥתתҲá
ξЦеҾ˵ɣǺܺദģ㻹ţˣǽܣѣ磬ѩǳҵ
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¸׵һᣬպͬѧա
ԯ봹ӣʱ¸߬ģ˿һ΢΢һ
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û뵽Ȼֹϵ
ҲˣˣҲύѡ
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206 Ʒ

¸óһƿҩ۶ĸ۾ֱˡ
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Ҫ֪߽׵ĴʦǺٳ۸߽׵ҩģ۶ҲŪ߽׵ҩ
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䣬۶ֿˣ߽׽ȫѹƷ
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СֵܣҪöҩ֪¿ɷи㣬ҩֱϷϷԸ߼ۡ
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207 ۶

һ̨»㰲ֻ˽ｻͷӶ
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¸һǿ֣ԯǾš
ȵƷʱСϴЦݣεƷЩ⣬Ƕ߶ϲġ
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Ůһ˵ҵôֺˡ
ξͫ˸š
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䲻Ľ⻰
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¸ĶȫΧЩ⡣
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ҪҪԼˣ
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208 ҵͳ

ξһԱ߿Ŀνľս
һο澰ѵһΣȻôҵĳ档ξҡͷصĸ̾
ֱǰһۣ㻰ܱ࣡ܲͣ
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磬ܱܲ۸ңãξּ˵౻ĸ첲
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209 Ƽ

ǸİǸˣɫϲΪԼһˮ
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û뵽ôˡ
ķʽ
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210 ѹر

Ĵ֮һƼң¸۵һŭ⣬赭дĴҵȷݸ߹󡣡
ΪƼҶ׼Э˵ʱ򣬷¸軰һת̫߹ˣҵƽͷǸʲ𡣡
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211 ǿ

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κ󣬾Ѿм۵ʯ
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212 У԰ԣ

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˱ֵ似Ժһװࡣ
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˵һ࣬ΪߵģѾǻԲˣ˵Ĵ֮һĵϵӵܣҵһ
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213 Լս

ȥԼϴݣͼӴ׵˵һ顣
ʱҲҴţ֪£ŸǰһĲʺƨҪǮð
ϴ󣬶־ˣȥܿսаˣ
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214 

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ʱھϣѾΧɽ˺ò֡
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ҲУֻǸ˻û
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215 Ϊγְң

ԣδȻǾƲԳԷƣ
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ǰﲻɣ˵һά˹Щͷüͷ΢
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216 

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217 һһ

ҥȻȥģҵһСŮӴġ
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218 ¸ע

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219 żȻײ

תۼ伸ȥˣЩ߰˿δ࣬¸貢ûȥҲδɸʲôġ
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220 Ŀ

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Ҳ֪Ƕôˣأһᣬճ뿪ĸףס
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222 ǰά

Դӷ¸˺ݣ㶥˺ԭưսھʮŵ
ĿǰΪֹ¸軹ǵһϰ
һװһһѧ񣬻δսư
һװǳͷˣû뵽һȻսư񡣡
ȻֻǵھʮţҲǱԺһꡣ
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ݣҲ˵˵Ѿ˶ף¸費ǻڣϸҲԽսˡ
һһֳ˸¸裬һ죬Ի
˵֪˲żüãȻ֪ڣðͷˡ
˴˱˴ˣ
ŻҲ֪ôģԽԽƫֱ¸ϷѧԺһ˵Ǽϡ
¸۽ֱ顣
˿ûﰡغðɡ
ˣôԡ
٣Ǵ¸зҲ֪Ǽ١
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˻ˣôңҲ㳤ĺã
ۿԽ˵Խ񻰣¸赥֧ͷбӸɿ
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һҾʣġǸ٣ͬѧķϣ΢͸¶һ£Ѷ࿪ľأȥ¸עӦ˷һÿУ
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ò˵˶һŷ绪˶еģƫƫŵһ𣬿ȥûа㲻г
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أ¸ûĻظһ䡣
Ҿá⡭ԣ㣡һܹõͷƽ۾һת
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¸Ҳֻ򱡱촽εҡͷ
ԯ䣬˵ǳȥ߰ɡ
šԯͷЩ
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аɣҶôˣȻ㣬ֻû뵽Ҳᡭ¸軺˵ţҸЦݡ
㣬ƤˡԯԴ
һϵвܻĶȻļͬѧǣ
ǿһֱΪҥԣû뵽ġһλŮͬѧˣܹһˡ
û뵽Ȼġ񣡾Ȼ¸һˣһŮдŲ˼ѹ
ָԯ䡭
û뵽ȻڣҲ㻻ԯ񣬵ǽһĻҲ뻻ˣоûϷվŮ֮˸̾˵
ĺѹȻᷢ飬һһΪԯͻȻõʱԼÿЦԯΪͬѧ¶һȿ޻ѿЦݡ
Ƿ¸ʩʲôŰԯԵߵÿնһԭΪÿնһ𣬶Ȼ֮ͬ꣬ȴ֮£

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ҪĺÿȻҪȱ˳ܵĶࡣ¸ŻĿԯ䡣
ԯ䱻Ц˵ҵӣҵν
㲻õĵģֻ۸˵ķݣ¸ĵ˵š
ԯ⵹Ҳǡ
󣬵ͷʾͬ
ԭҵķô˻ӭء¸ͻȻ뵽ʲô¶һԵЦݡ
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223 ָɣ

ʱ÷ɿ죬˲Ŵһˡ
ȥ°ɣСӵĳԱӦѾˣҲ֪أ¸ͻȻ֮ǰԼ
СӵĳԱǰʱ˵ҸҶпյʱһۣʱ
ţáԯͷ
磬ⲽǰ档
ֻѾȺš
˼¸ԯ϶Цݣĺӳ
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ûУҲǸողŵϣ˵
ţӦ𣿡¸ʵ
ʱҲǺܶ࡭ʮҪȥμʵ
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ˣǸͦģҲͷˡ
ԯʱҲˣ˵ʵ쿪ʼˣǹȥɡ
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˼ϵĳϣպʦʼĵϣ¸ԯ΢ЩȻ˵˺ȥ
ʱʦպڷ¸ϣ¸裬üһһ顣
滹߸ͬѧϤľβûкԯֵһ顣
ܿ죬һС10˱Ƿֺˡ
Ҳʱ䣬ֱֱһ·ǰкɽɱޣ
ɽ֮·᫶ͣѧԺ󲿷ֶбĸӵܣȻܲˣһ·ͣͣģȷʵЩ
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еüⷬɵĶһֵŷ¸衭ƺôء
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ԭŴҲôԵġ
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224 

һ·һͷ¸û̫Ľʣһ㽲Ȼά˹ֵܹϵǷ¸֮˽¡
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ԣǧǡ

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225 ٳδ

ǶĶŸϽȥæüǳ˵
ȺûõĴ
ü㣬Ƕҹȥǹȥģ
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ǲȥ̫ˣ

üֻؿЩơ
һʱ֪һ
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ԼôǷֵһ棡Ϻȣ
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226 Ŀ࿴

һɵһ٣һĨӣ۽Ʋ¸衣
޼һԥ֮䣬һԾ͵ĳһһЩֲ
һӦ֮ʱѾߣһʱ䷴Ӧýס
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ѽҺһͬѧ̫ˣ

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228 ð

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231 淭ȷ

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232 òӽΪ

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͸һˮŮһˣޣܣ˵Լȫ̵ϳ
¸Ȥ
һŮܹԼٰ˵ֵزȷʵҲԼ
ĽصεţȤζ
˵㣬ΪβüݺݵĿŷ¸裡
ˣƤ
֪ôȻʱңһҲΪΪһӵңܹõһŮ˵ļʣǺεȵأ¸׾ٵĲüĵ뷨
üͻȻһǣͻȻЦз̡
˵ڿϲˣĪôأҼǵϲһԯӣĪǡ
¸ֱֱĵü˵òӽΪУɲ
ǲüһ׼ȷĴ𰸣һȥĥŰɡ
üҲס˵¸裬ſ㵽˭ţ˼һͬѧϲһӣ˵Ѿϲһŵе˶İǰؿζ
üֱָŷ¸裡
ֽЩɼĻǲᣡ
ô⣬ҸûشһˣȷʵȴԽȷһϲңô߳ŭңң
¸軺˵
ⷬ˵ǣ˵üνǴֲӲĲ֪ôӻã
¸裬㷽ſֻһĺӣ˭üȻôüдѹ
Ҫ߷¸裬ѧԺҪҪмŻȥ
治֪ߵغ
˽⣬¸ûб
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233 ս

¸΢еķۿüΣյϢ
ôƺԼûʲôء
üҲ¸˼֣Ҫ𣿡
һ¸費ʣĨ˼
ǡüͷ
¸ǿһһüûг
ü⣬Ϊη¸ʱ
󣬷¸ƺʲôֱһԾ£ɫƮݣ֮˲۵ٶˡ
ûзӦüһ
㵵Ŀŷ¸衭
ֻǳжܹԼĽ飬ǣ
Ϊֻü𾪣е˶ˣһҲӲ˼ӡ
ֻ¸ֳһɵľӨ͸Ľڽ֮ϣΧҲܹܵĵ̹ǵĺ⡣
̤֮⡣
һҪڣֹͣѾٵȥˡ
ֻʳ˲˷ùµĽڳһʵѪ⡣
Ǽļȿֺĳŷ¸ȥ
Сġһڵһʱ䷴Ӧĵĳ溰
üʱۣΪ۾ԿǷ¶Ǵδй
¸ʱ˵һĹģ˵ġ
űɫ⽣Ӱ£һδӽʱ˲ʳ޵廯˻ҽʧڿС
˼ˣ׷׵ŴԼͣͿĽȥһ
Ψһ˸š
üӸΪļʡƺ˷¸裬ֻмʶˡ
¸沽ɱУÿһʮֵľ£ӰͬȰصʳдš
ʳ޵κһƤû¸һۡ
˿⣬ʵҲǾöġ
ܼ־֢Ҳˡ
һڲǳ׿Խķ
ʱŽվڽӰɵɻ
Ϊ֮ǰҪԼʵ˵ڶȫ𣿻أ
¸һϵеѹܿǧֻʳѾɾˣƺЩʳЩ¸ˡ
ǰͺ̵ļ¸ˡ
һʱҲٿϷˣ˵Ž̤˽⣬¸貢ս
˻࿿ű⽣Ӱ£ʳޱ֮ǰĸӵĿ졣
Ǹղűüˣ˲ϱɷɷ׵ġ
ᱨ𣿡һŮӾ˵ѯԱߵˡ
ĺˣˣͬһ㣡
ԣǴϿϢôĺˡ
ü㣬Ӧû°ɣŮӵס¸˼ѯŻü㡣
Ͼǻüġ
ʱ˳Ӷˣ֪¸ĶҺϹأ
վڷ¸һߵСһ̵Цݡ
ǵǺЦ¸ͬѧʵ¶ˣǾˣЦ˵ˣҲ̤˽磬˲ս
ü㣬ô죿Ǽ˰ϣüϡ
üݺݵĵһۣǷĶѡ
Ȼʲôɫ۸ҵˣγȥһҪúõʰǣرŴԼԱķ¸裡
֪ˣΪʱվڷ¸ԱߵŮ˻˵
˵˺ҲŽ̤˽֮⣬˲ս
½½ļ·üһ˵߶˵һ仰
˿ŷ¸ʱҲô˼֣Ȼҳȥӭս
¸һٶ˼ֹؼá
е˶ȥսˣվüһŮСüǣ⡭Ҫȥô
е˶ȥˣǲȥĻƺҲ˵ȥһŮӸ͵˵
ԣǻǳȥɣҿҲûʲôΣգ㿴ǲҲȻͦõô
ü˵Ľ飬⿴˷¸һ໥Żս
ֻѧˣźܺãûб˿κε
ãųص¶˼֣ȥɡ
˵꣬һ󲽵ĳŽȥȥ֮һɱʳޣֻϣܹƬʱõһ۾ͺá
ȵңü㡣ŮӴĻ
˵꣬Ҳɱʳȥˡ
е˶ȥӭս
мΪһͷ¸ںɱһƬյأΪ˶Ϻ
ܿ죬ʳޱ۵ٶ𽥵ļ١
һ϶Цݣʱȴ֪϶һݶսʤѵ
һܶʱ°빦ˡ
һϵĺܺãɵľ
-

234 

ܿ죬ڴҵЭ֮£ʳޱܿ춼ɾˣ۵Ǻˮܣ·Ѿʪ͸ˡ
һڣ˶Է¸Ŀ࿴ΪһǶˣû뵽Ȼһز͸֮ˡǴġ
ڵϣʤϲãмҲȥһѸɲ
ҹĻ٣էէǿղҹһһġ۾שʯҹ顭
¸ϣһ˿ǿշ
Ƴ۽ë΢΢ɿţͫ׾Ө͸°ҡҷš
Χڻܣ˽յսۡ
û뵽Ĵ̼һֱڵϣ̾ţϵÿһϸڻԾš
ƺû֮ǰҵӵĽˡ
ѽҾ飬һҪúûȥҫһһΪҽģ
ûҾȻܹһȺʳޣ
һõĿͷɣƺûôˡ
ȷʵоһȷʵûôˡ
оһ·̫֮࣬ǰûо

ǵ̸뵽˷¸ĶߣĹһĨЦݡ
վǺӣܸһˡ
һһֱڶһǷ¸
ϰԵ¸ŵȥ
·о˶ãɾһȥͻĳ
¸費һѣô¡
ãЦһϰ߰ɣҾȻ֪£㵹ǹ۲ϸ
¸費εҡͷ
һѵЦ
̸ƽȻԵá
üһ£ЩĻҳ˲ϡ
һֱעһüҲδһˬʵЦ
оԼҪ˿
˲θ
üͷ΢΢ĺܣĺܣˣ
ƾʲô¸ֻһѽѵ棬һŮӱȲһӣ
֮ǰվ¸ߵˣԷ¸˵⣬ȥ̸
¸ͬѧҿÿζϣ㲻һ𣿡һѳɤӺ
¸Цſҡͷ
Լһ˴ϺãȥҲ֪Сƨʲô
̫˼ˣаξԭˣһξͲˡͬѧǴȤĸ¸˵
ѽÿμ㶼ϣҲǴٽһ¸顣
¸Цˣôġ
һ棬ĳΪβȥһ𣿡
¸軺Ļش𣺡һȺСƨ
һ󣬲㵣εЦЦ
ƺ¸ȷʵͬȡ
һе뿴¸ǰģΪССͣ˸Ը
һܶɣ
üŶ¸ʾãٿһͷ¸̸Ц
㲻鷢
ǿ˷¸ͬѧǲȥͽᡭ桭üʱվԱߵϣ˵ⷬ
С˵Ķ档
սɣһеĶƽԺܶʱ˵Ҫںܶأ˵ʱ򱻷̵ļ˰ԼƽݣʹҲ֮Ϻᡣ
ĬҲס
üˣеȻЦݡ
ʱͫʮֵĵ⡣
Ͼҵĸ壬ҲЩλġ
ü⿴һһֻһüͷ΢΢ȻǸոüǳѲ
üҲ֪Ҫ̫ڷϾһ
ҵĸ壬ȽϣôǴ׼Сףֵһᡭ
üǹԹԵıͣ˵еҲ˼֡
üϣʱʱĴһµ棬͸ӵȷ뷨
һҪ޸һ
ʹǾ䲻εϵһģҪȥһԣһҪϷ⴦֦ͩ
ʱҵĹǸʱҾͲ֮¡
ܾνı߰ɡ
ϧһʼնüǺܸðƨɣӵˡ
üԲģֻҪ֣һһᱻԼж
ʱԼķΣָտɴֻʱ⡣
еĹâңֱĶһƺһһ⡭
΢΢һŵĻȡ
һ˼άݣȻ֪һעü۵֮ɫ
¸ȻҲݳȵĹâ۵ףü価һĨȤζ
-

235  Ǹ

ܵȵ𣿡¸ᴽ𴽷
˿࡭
һⷬ˿ȣ֪װ֪ȴ¸һơ
ʵ˵
ҹϷ󣬷¸費ļ٩
һȵĿνǸˡ
󣬷¸ּ˵ɤӲüǬֹƬΣҪҪҰȥʵ㣿
¸Ļ꣬һ˲Ĳˣ˼Ŀ˷¸һۡ
֪ʣ֮
ˣôͻȻֱأ¸ã˼ֱ
һŷ¸裺أ
Ҳ֪¸ҡԴģмơ
һεҡͷ
ԭ¸ͬѧƤģǡ
¸ʱüڽ˵Ļһ˸жá
ʱһԡ
µˣüȻԼйڣڰѱ˲˵ȥĻͱȥ
һ¸ֱֱĶǺ
ʲôһĳ
쳣Щ¡
ȻǡŹ¡¸϶˵ţԸĻ
һ鲻Խ̿ˮ
ⷬ˻̿֡
ãһԼһôˣΪμ¸ͻ㣿һһˣ
Զʱ޿̲עһüļҳϵݡ
Ťϸ˹ǻһΪЦݡ
ոƺһƺҪֹƬأ⻹Ĳʧһûᡣ
߱ߴǬóֹȲƬߵһԱߣȥ
¸һĻ㲻ٿٴȤһ
˫
һҪһľ
ĬĬţѧŷ¸һ
üһû̫ڵųԼһõĿͷ
Լ˵һͬѧֹȲƬǼеĳĵиơ
˵꣬ǳᣬٴοһְֹȲƬݸһ
һˣݲκα顣
˵ãлл
üΪһٸԼѽһͬѧͲҪҿղԶɤӲ
üͷͷǵΪκһ˶ܾһŮ˶ԼĹġ
ϧƺˣֻѰˡ
Ҳûж治áһٴεľܾ˵
ƽûκε
ⷬüӺȻ˼֣һ
֪һ治ҪˣҲˣ⡣
γΪ
ɵۿ֦ϵķ¸衣
Ϊļǵøղ˵һͬѧҪֹȲƬء
ǲԼùˣΪüǺ۸ģüҵ
ðɣΪõˡüʧģеСŮӡ
һü
üˣϽֳ˵һͬѧ֪ɱʳ޵ʱ̫˧ˣвˡ
üܿŵ˵
һ촽Ҫ˵ʲôȥ
תһ̼򵥵ĻãŶϵĺá
꣬ռ͡
ϵĺãǰһͬѧΪߣǲܻΪģüģġ
һԽ۵֮ɫ
ŶӶܹĳΪ˷¸裬ԴҲܻΪġ
Ƿ¸ǴңܻΪġһʵ˵
Ƿ¸ͬѧçײǰһͬѧȶĺáü˵ϹҲ
Զͬѧ󣬸۹⿴űǵü
˲µ˵ѵʩ𣿡
仰ǳķ̡
üΪȻɴ˻һԼϲ
˲üֻ֣Σ˼ֽߵģ
һĻ
һʱƽĿ˵ⷬͬѧᣬɵĲ졣
Ҹղһֱڱͷ¸裬ʮȻ¶˲졣
ãһ˵Ƿ¸սʤʳޣ㲻ȡҵĺøС
һֱԲ䡣
ʷһε˵ǰŮˣ
ü㵣þûзӦȥ˽ߵģ
û뵽һֱӣľܾԼ
Ϊ¸ƾʲô
ӦüɫǺܺãô˵棬˭ӹҵס
Ȼһͬѧʧְ֮£ҲоеĹأҲжеĹءһֱԲ䡣
֮ôΣգԴڶʧְ
-

236 ֱԲ

ü˺ü䲻¶֮ɫ𽥱Щɷףһʱ侹Ȼ֪˵
ŷӦԼίֲ˵
۾Χ˲˸飬ǿ۾תٳٲ¡
ԡԲ֪ˣ´βˡüʣ϶˵š
ģίˡ
¸üſǻ֪üͷ΢
Ҳ֪ǲڡ
һ֪¸ϲ徻ٴεĳ˵л⣬ԼȥԱ߷ʡ
һǺƽ
ü󲻽͵۾в˼顣
ԸΪԼ޻һһϧ
û뵽Ȼ˵ľ
˵仰ʱһһ۷¸裡
ȻΪһˣȥָһŮˣ
ˣķ¸裡
ĺú㣬㻹ȥ
ţһüԥһ£һ
üͷԼᣬпٵĻһɫǵ鷢ǡɵڸס۵׵
ѣ㲻ٿĴ󲽵ĳԶȥ
ˣЩϷˣ
ЩϷȻҲ׷׵תȥٿ
ر֮ǰüļŮνǴģ
üȻˣһֱš
͵͵Ĵһǻᱧһϣ
ǿһҲ۾·ղŵԼûһ
ĺʹʹ
һõУһһң
һҹĹȥˡ
ܿˡ
һ͸Ҷʱ򣬷¸۾е˶ѣǬĸ
ҵģҵΡ
ãҲҵġ
ҲﻹЩˮ

Ҷ˽
¸ûдôĸ
¸ͬѧһ԰ɡҶġһ˳ŷ¸˻֡
ˣǳ԰ɣС¸Եľܾˡ
ãһԣǶͦġ
¸΢ͷǬóһԲйıٹȵС
һϵеĶ˶ѵĺ䶯
ǲɵĶ۾Χһ˵
¸ͬѧǲһˣ
ԭô˿ûʲôӣĳЩˡ
ĽѽҶ볢ٹȵʲôζⱲӶûб
˵ûгҲûг½ϣҩǺ󣬾УҲ᲻óԡ
һе˶Ϊ¸رĺȻҲмʵġ
¸û̫ں㣬Ϊһűٹȵѣ㣬̫ƽˡ
ܿ죬һ֪ȥﻻһ·˵档
ֻһɫɴۣͷڣ˹
˶Ŀˣǹİ˫ȷʵܹ˵
¸ҲĿһۡ
ȴİϹ˫Ǽ޸ԯ䣬ÿ쿴ϵֻһľգ·¸Ҳᱻסɣ
Ҷʰô
һ߹ˣɼյܺá
ʰˣһͬѧ
ʰˡ
֪ΪΣڵ˶һհ
ʱ¸Ҳֱӣ֦ػζţһ˵Ļ
ҲǸһһӰɡ
ţǼֻһö޵޺ˡȫӱöء
һ˵Ŀġ
˵ӵ˶Щһˣ˵ı仯ģӶˣҶԷ¸ƫҲûôˡ
üԷ¸Ķֻ̬١
һҪ˵һ
ܿ죬һжӣϪˮϪˮһߡ
ޣô࡭
һ·ϾһЩСޣ˶࣬Ⱦˡ
Ϊޣܲѽ
һٵĹЦ
ʱһͻȻľǰ
һ۷¸裬¸裬ĵͷҲء
ҲЩôĬʱ˵Ҳܹ֪Էʲô
ҶҸεĵطһͣеҲͣ˽Ų
һ
˵󣬴û֮ǰǰңԵͷĶԼΪεĵط
еϣеԱߵĲݴ档
һͷ¸һ档
ܿ죬ԼңӲݴԼԼĳ˶һĽŲǺܹɡ
龪һԭΪһ˵
ȥ֪ѵʱ򣬷¸һסĸ첲
һһ㶣¸˵
ȱ˵ǿʲôˣ˵ʶˡ
-

237 Ӧ

¸뿪Ц˵ʵЩǣ˶¶࣬Ͼһ£ڻδͣϢˡ
ӣһ˶չ¶üң¶˼Ӱ
¸費΢ԶǼӰ
ôϤˣŷ¸̬ʡ
ţȥɡ˵˺󣬷¸ֱ
һҲȥе˼˳ˣҲء
ʲô飿һѺʳ
ԭΪʲô࣬
һĽ͵˵
ǲܿˣΪ׵ξмϣӣ˷¸費ʶ
ԭֵһ飬Ǻ
ξһ۾Ϳ˷¸迿ϣһЦݣƨƨߵܵ˷¸ߡ
ʱѾͷ϶ġ
ɵı죬Ϊʲôڿôɾ
ξһʾ
Ȼû뵽ξһʱⷬ
ϰߡ
¸򵥵Ļظ
ųҲҴҵĸŷ¸˵ͷ
û뵽ˣղں棬Է¸Ǹղʲôأ
绺˵һࡣ
ʷ¸ôһɾģû뵽Ȼظ֣ϰߣ̫ʹˣξ޿˵
ѵҵϰ߾Ͳ
Ц
ܿ죬ӺϣǷ˷¸裬¸賯Цˡ
˸˵ĸɶƵģֱӱ˹
ξˣס˵ߣ
ǲſ㣡ϣ˵ҲزסĵС
㣬Ǿ͸ϽˡҲŸ͵˵
¸ЦţͿˡ
ԭˡ΢΢ĵͷ
ξʮɵվԱߣǲͣĳ˳飬Ŀš
һ嵭վԱߣŽûж˵ʲô
ӳǶӣôˣϣһ⡣
ոտʼ¸ʼʵ˵
ҲǸոտʼӳͣĲ˵
һ䣬һģȫԱߵξͳ硣
絹νξᰲı
ξҲʮֵĺ棬ǼǼʶģо˵Ĺϵǵȵˡ
ξĿ˿ȣҪԴǣʵš
ξһԣ¸˲ˣЦ
ǾȻʶôʶģξŷ¸裬ӣϣ˵
ʱҲ廰ѽôʶģȷʵЩ档
¸֮ͣǰһСӵģȻһѧУ
¸һͣξͳ˲ˡ
ԭһѽѹֿôСξͻȻڵĳ˵
ӺϣξӦЦ
Цʲôľǻͦеġξ۾˵
¸費Ա߱Ц
εҡҡͷ
ξתƻ⣬һ۳磬绹Լô
ǲԼ̨
ʱһĵ֣Ҳˡ
¸򼸸˽һҵĶѣһ
򵥵Ľܡ
һŴҵͷʶһ¡
ξʱ󾪣ά˹ĵܵܣ
аϵһ˵ĵܵܣ
һòͷţҵĴ硣
ʵĻش
ά˹ĵܵܣǿЩ
ˣȻҶԼˣǺɣ֮ǰСھ鲻㣬Գ˺ôһξεҡҡͷ
ξҲʵʵ˵
ҪξһС˼ܾøŷ¸һԣŷ¸ǾԲġ
¸迴һһѯ˶ѣѾûʲô⡣
ҪһҲ˶󣬶ͬѧټΪüʧְ³ǧֻʳ޵Ĺ
һǷ¸ѣӦûʲô⡣
һͷãһ໥ҲһӦ
һͬˣξ̲סĵС
ٸŷ¸ǾԲԿͶˡ
ϣӲɵЦ
⻹һýϣĸ̾˵
ܹ¸һˣûǰϦദӡ
ܹӳһˡҲ̾˵
ֻʶ滹Ҳ໥ʶ
һ˲ڡ
ǵġʲô𣿡¸ʳ
ǱȽϹġ
оεȷʵѧ˺ܶණϣǻش
УҪŬӽŻش
¸΢ͷнǺõġ
Ȼ䣬һ˵ҪϢһɣҲô·ˡ
ҪǷ¸ǰ⼸ġ
ҲáһͷӦ
Ϣһ
Ӻϳһ飬ǰ໥֮Ӧ
-

238 ȷ

һ·Ӻϣ˵Ļ¸˵һҲβżԭ¸иһ档
ϣʵûмԯһ𣬺Ȼúÿϧ
ΪƽʱϣӰģû뵽Ρ
Ǹ͵˵ѽûмһҶЩϰˡ
һԱⷬ˲Ӻġ
ѵǿеԯǸ¸ͬѧҥԵǸ
ǵĹϵô
һ룬ɷ¸裬н˵ָоƺѰζ
Ķ춼һĵֵȥˣҲ֪أ¸ҡҡͷظ˵
ԭˣ뿪ˡϣĴȤ˵š
ԱߺǺǵֱЦ
Կĳ˵Ĺϵܺá
ʱͻȻĳȻЩϰߣξѵðһ¡
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ղ˭ϣܹԼһüͷҲãһ鶼ûУһֱע¸ˣ
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ξ㱵˵֮ϵȺ֮ǰսȫһҪСˣ
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ȺʮֵĽƻΪֹҲǲɫƺڴʲô
ڴҶΪսʱ˫ʱȺͻȻķ˽ЩǶǷʤ
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240 

֪˶ãȦԴ۵ٶȣܷɢʱһ磬Ĵ򶷵˺ΪȼȽŸ
ɳɣʱһƬ硭
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241 ˴

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Ǿ͸Ͻ۷Źĳ嵽ȺδĿԣʼ׼ԼǷˡ
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242 

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԰¸裬ҺͳƽҲ̫ùˣһʲôûеõӵĻǿ¾ҪԶˣ
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243 Χ

Ȼ˵ĻǾˡǱֿˣһİɡ
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ԯǺһۣûж˵ʲôֻ΢ͷӦ顣
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˵ڶ࣬ʲôΣգҲô¡
ȴû뵽ΧΣԶԶǵ
ΪǽֻǱһһĿ£˹ȥ
յԵλãûüŸڵĵط룬ֱӿһȻ
ãǰ˽ޣ
֪˭ôһ䣬ԭͱȻ˵̴ʧɫ
Ψз¸ǻǵϵ沿Ѿ¶ǣȻǾ̬Ͼ
ˣ滹һֻֻ˽ް
¸⻰ɵü
ͽתǰͷ޵ĺ󷽣Ȼһֻ࣬Ҳǰ˽׵ޡ
벻ΧȻԶԶǵ󣬽ֻǱԵѣͷͷ˽ޡ
ߵһԯ䶼Ļ
ֻѾûǼʱ䣬һȶĸ˵
ҶҪˣȻǺһȡþˣǾһҪͬնͷޣ˶ڣģ
˵һҲû˼üֱ˴ͷһǰȥƺҪͷ޴һ
ԯͷ¸ҲֻվԭƳһۣ˵ǰȥ֧Ԯ
Ⱥͷ˶ȥȻҲͲԥһҵĴսչˡ
նɱ֮󣬼ÿһ˶ƣ
벻ڶ࣬ǶԸͷ޻ҪһЩһҪˡ
ʱüֲɵõĶĳ
˿ԼõͺƣһŶɨ˹ȥ
ʼ˭ΧģʵʵΧŲ𣿷Ҫô֣ں˰ɣ
üװͰ͵ӣ˵һʼǸҲ֨ˡ
-

244 ƽ޺

ˣͣɡ
һʱüͷǳһü
Ȼ˿Ҳ㲻ε񣬿üֹȴǼģ
ȻڴҶѾˣԶʼǸ֪Ҫ̬ȡ
ȻݽӴҪԸһЩȻÿһζŪЩĻ˶þͻᾫƣ
˵ģԼȫ˵ĻǼʹټðҲûκ塣
ʱ򣬴ȻҪѰȫλһҲ˷
ΧԵƬȻǵĽӴȽϸߣǱض߰˽׵޵ڵʵ̫ȫ
˵һƬ̣ĴһȦ˼Բ
˵ڵ״ѾǳĲˣȻȻҲͲԶ
һּ˵
˵Ҿ˸ղһ򶷣ѾˡҾΪ˰ȫ룬ǻǲҪڴ˹Ķˡ
ĻҲ׷˳˼
ֻͷûзκʱҲ岻졣
ԲʱƺڴĿ˷¸ǡ
һȻҲȻÿͷ˲ֵԴѯʡ
˵˸ղһ֮󣬾ֱӳŷ¸ԯѯ
ôȻ״ĻǷҪ΢˺һЩԱλİȫ
ʵλļ˲ʮǱҪ˵ıȫֻΪ˱ȫЩѧѡ
ֻһĻ֮󣬷¸ȴʼ磬ͺĵ˵㡣
ȻҪ²ؼ߸߹ԲŰڳ̬
ԯƺһֱĿ񣬼һѯ˷¸֮ٴο
ҲûдһƺǸ¸̬һͬ²ؼ
Դһʵ޿κΣھεͬʱҲֻ¶ġ
ôҾҸҺһЩɡ
̬ȣͬҲ޿κεĴ㡣
Ϊֻһ˵ĻǻסЩѧİȫġ
ôҪԼȻҲֱܹӵĵΡ
¸ԯûзκμĴĻôҲͲܹűðˡ
ԲѲֻľ
֪Χô࣬ȴҲܹټðա
ǾһȴŴ󲿷ֵѧ뿪
˵ҪԭģҲֻз¸ԯһˡ
ȻΧȥʱûȥԶȴһˡ
һ˿ȥʮϤ˵ߵֻпѧԺˣһվԭعǱߵ״
֣ߵЩȻʲô
һǱߵ״ʱüƺʲôһ
Ȼæקһӣҳ
ˣǺǱһȺ߽޸Χˣ
һ˲öüʾĻɲɵõĵһ
ԭԼûж룬ȺΣա
ǵСڱһȺ߽ΧɲǿЦġ
ĸСӵһԸֻ˽ޣʮΪѡ
ǾһȺڼΧˣֻһСӵĳԱѡ
ʵǿҲһԸˡ
һû˿ԥ͸Ͻߵѧ˵Ӧս˸ȥԮǲܶͬһѧԺ˲ܣ
ʱû˻˵һʱܹԮ֮ʮָľٶ
ʱ򣬼ȻһѾΪǽж˴㣬ô¸ԯȻҲ͸
£ǿһǰȻҲܹľ治ܡ
ϾͬһѧԺѧΣյĻȺͬѧȻǲܹӲ
ο߶ͣǶԸ˽޻һЩѾġ
ǶԸһȺ߽ޣܹԮҲǴ´ġ
ԵȻҪվһӲ
һټͬѧȥʱ򣬷¸ԯһֱۣĬĹͬǰҷٳ֡
һ֣Ȼǳһˡ
˵˵ĵܣֱ˵ǶԸȺֵ߽
ԯǽޣɱͼֻҪּûжԸ˵Ķ
Ҫһͷ߽޵ҲǿӦĹġ
¸͸˵ˣļܱȺֶǳȺӡ
ҪҲᱻ˳ΪһȺȻ·ǳơ
˽ֻǶһۣ˶Էĺ塣
һͬͷ֣Ѹٽ֮ȻҲͺöԸˡ
һѾƽ
Щض޺ˣΣջ
ˣȷûԱ£ڴˣҾͿʼƽ޺˰ɡ
-

245 ֱ

Ҫö޺Ҳô׵ġ
οҪö߽޺ˣЩͽ׵޺Ҳû̫Ĺϵ
Ƕڷ¸ԯôȻҲԴûκ
ǳˣȴûбκ塣
˼Ƕ˵ҲİõĿʼƽ޺
Ȼ˻ҪΪǴ򱧲ƽȻȴ¸ֹˡ
ллҵİҪǿ²òЩڿΣҪЩɥڴˡ
˵ǸСӵ˶Դ˱ʾл
¸ԯͬĬû˵Щʲô𽥵˵Ұ
ļչûƽ棬ԭļƻҲڻĽš
˼֮󣬼һСڴö߽޺ˡ
ˣôȥڿԻȥˣȥ֮󲻽Ҫһ٣ҿɵúúõϢһ£
ξһһпš
̨ܿˡ
ϢĻ𣿳ԵĺҲٰɣҪ˵ģҲֻ¸ԯǡ
֮󣬷׷Цһš
¸ԴҲһЦ֮ԯûʲô̫ķӦ
֮ܶڿԻصѧԺˡ
ȻҲΪ˶еˣڹ̵ΣҲԸȥˡ
ǾȥĻܹϽнĸ
ˣȻö߽޺Ѿ룬ôھͻѧԺȥɣһʱˣ
һܽһ״ͬͷһĴ˻صѧԺ
Ȼ֯ĻȻȻҲɡ
Է¸ԯǶû˵ʲô
ξǾ͸˵ˣԴȻǷϵĺܡ
ֻҪܹصѧԺǾͱʲôǿ
һܸ˰ɣϾЭһǽö߽޺˴һġ
ξһ˵ţһ̤ѧԺš
ȻȫѧԺ֮ȴʵԶûô򵥡
Ϊǲǵһˣǰ񣬶ЩһСӡ
ȻԶǣǰ棬Ѿˣԭǻ˾Ȼڡ
ǰԶԶˣһɵõ
ԶһȻҪĽܣܶ˶ǵݡ
ע⵽ϵ㣬Ϊʵֻһһ㡣
ܹͬע⵽ǣѧԺһĵܵܣҲĴĵӡ
ȻûԼĽҲܹѧԺո¶ͷǡ
ϾһξȻһĶ鶼ܹսʤʵҲǷͬġ
Ƿ¸Ȼ֪˵ʺͷҪ˰ǽ͡
ʼվڷ¸ҵԯԴҲ˽⣬վԭسĬû˵
ξҲһֱڷ¸ң֪Դ˲ɻ
ǾʹսߣСĿʼ
ԶһһˣСһһ񡣶һݣȫѧԺֻǲ֪ˣĵܵܣ
ξĻ֮󣬷¸Ȼĵ˵ͷ
ŻûԴκηӦξһβ䡣
׵ܵܣҵĵӡ
Ȼ׵ܣôһȻҪֱġ
Ҫֱǰһк
ȻڿһԲԶķ¸ʱ򣬱ֱѡӡ
һûֱӴкǾͬһģ뿪ˡ
¸ֻӣԴ˲ûж⡣
һҲˣȻȻҲûΪ̫ڷġ
ȻǣҪ˵ˣǿǴڵġ
ͱ˵üǽͷݣ˭ǿҪıߴա
ǿԶ֮ȻҲŹܹǰƨɵĻᡣ
ⲻСүԴһθСһ֮ͬѾ˺þˣüǶأ
˵֮ü޵Ƴһ۷¸裬Ҫʾ
ֻ¸ѹûпǱߣԸûнյͬһ
ξȴĶǾͿʼԭضüΪ䳰ȷ
ȻĴ˵أԼһ˶ͽӣŽйģ
Ļûбü
üһĵվԶԱߣ˿ûҪ뿪˼
ԶͶü˲ôðû˿ĺøв˵ĸоûа֡
˵ҲԲҪߵ̫֡
ֻڶԷԼС࣬ҲֻܵͷӦͣǿĶԸü
üԷԼĻӦǾͿʼ
ͷƵسŷ¸迴һֻۣ¸񶼲
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246 

صѧԺ֮ӹҲǳ֮죬ÿһռƽ档
Ҷ￪ʼĽǺܿƽӾһӭµת
ԴһҪҰðգȡ޺˵Ļȥ֮ԺҲʱûʲôµ
ҾʼѧԺѧϰţҲǹɡ
ֻһΰʱȥѧԺ˵ӭһӡ
¸裬ϾҪʼˣԺҪÿһȥǱߵĴóǩһȥ𣿡
ͬһԺļһδյһξ¸飬֪顣
¸ƺжţ֮ǰҲ˵ģֻû뵽ȾȻôòŽС
ǱҪμӵģȻҲûжԴ顣
ðҶһȥǩɡ
˷¸ĻȻҲ͵ͷͬ⣬׼һͬȥǩ
һҿɵøһǩǵĺָҵĶɱ鵽ʲôˣһоͰҴſˣʱ˿ɾͶˡ
·ϵʱ򣬳ƽ̲סһһĳ棬һ˴Ȥ
ҲŸ͵ЦЦ˵˼ƶĻ
Ҳô鵱ǷǳҪĵĶ
¸ԯʵҲر˽⡣
ԯ䲻ԸΪЩģԴŲʡ
ǲ֪ĻڣȴҲֲ˿Ȥ
¸Դ˲˽⣬ȴԸ˽µġ
ټƽʱҪ˵Ϊģ¾ξˣǷ¸Եξѯ
ǩʲôģȻǴҶܸоռƺҪǶøһ㡣
¸ԼЦξҲ
Ͼ¸ܺã̶ֳȵЦҲֻܵѲſó
һӣҴһͲ˰ɡ
ְڳһĪӣ˿Ҫһơ
ֻ¸⸱ҪӵӣҲûгԴĴ㣬ȥˡ
Լ͵ʱȻ˵
ȻһжξǺʹġ
¸Դû̫ķӦξȻҲͲټ¸θˡ
˼һ֮͸¸Լ˽
Ҫ˵⣬ʶˡһȣ˵չʾʵ˵ͬһӮ˵ûнƷδ֪
˵ƺֳ˼һ£ڻžûʲôӮ֮Ĵ󽱡
ҲܿͲپǼʼ
ֻǲ̭ƣһȥǩĻһҪͨȡķʽѡ֣
ֻҪ͵¸Ѿܹˡ
һοĿܲʵ
ʵĻȷʵǿԴ޵֡
Ƶˣʵûдﵽĳ̶ȣȴһԼǿٱĶ֣Ǽֱͬѻʯ
˼֮У˺ܿͲ˳ǩõķΧ֮ڡ
ߵĳǩƺǲ÷ǳͳķʽûκαĲõʽ
ֻǲͣĳϳ˳򣬵ϳ˳һʱ˾ͻΪһĶ֡
Ӯ˿ֱӽ˻лԵȵս
һεޱʽͬʱȻҲ档
ǲ׵ͬʱ˱һĿŵĸᡣ
ҲȽϷѧԺķ
˰ᣬֱ˻ʤĻѧԺ˻顣
Ҳ̫ǰ˰ɣȻʮţǰûм˾Ҫˣ
ξ鵽ʮţǾվԭأƺǳʹذš
¸˽һƺѾ뵽
Ȼֻ鴤һ֮󣬾˵һ侪Ļ
ţҶ࿴һ𣡡
һԸǳǩʦڿķӦ֮ɵõǳ鴤Ȼһεξѡ
ͬѧϾҪʼˡȻĺôǰ͸Ͻȥ׼ɣҪͬѧȥǩ
һĻ¸ҲһЩЦ룬ûξ
֮ȫȥ˵֡
¸ֻҡҡͷεա
ֻò˵ξһ൱ġ
ԷֻԺһͨѡֶѣһΣ׾ٵĽԷˡ
֮رǷ˵һ䣺óá
Ҫ˵¸ǰξĻôξǷ¸ˡ
һ˿еĺƣ־ȻҲξ˶٣˶ʮŵλá
ϵʱ򣬲ɵõЩȣΪĶȺеٮٮߡһ
-

247 ȫ

ȻԷҲû뵽Լ¸衣
ǳڣ˫ֱȭȻŷ¸˵ͬѧˣǧҪ顣
˵֮ͼٳ֣һȻ÷¸ȡʤ
¸Ҳֻǽëţ˭һ
ⳡ֮ѧԺһСĺ䶯
Ҫ֪һʮѧԺﵱȻҲͬĿĴڡ
ȴı˷¸裬Ȼࡣ
ֻ¸ҲǶ֪֮˴ˣȻҲ͸˶Էֵ̨¡
ͬѧһΪǷۣϣܹڸʱԼȻķԱˡ
һû뵽¸Լ˵Щֻ൱ǸԼһ̨¡
ȻмЦЦ˳̨˵ȥ
ĳȷ񷱶࣬ͬѧЦˡ
ŷ¸òسһЦһ¡
̨뿪׼ȥһǼСӵԱսΡ
¸ǵڶʮţ󲻾õǳ鵽˶ʮŵӡ
ͻȻеţܸоҵĶֺ񲻻ôöԸӡ¸裬ôȻܴùһܸܲҴһؾѽ
ϳ֮ǰӿȥЩµģŷ¸ѯš
¸Ҳ֪ӵûξãʱĶҲġ
ĵҲӦģǵҲĸŷӡ
ûϵûй涨ʹȻǲΪæҪʱҪ븴ҪֱӽĻԼɡ
⻰ǰһ
֪¸ӼãǴ򲻹ԷԼޣǶһ㱣ϡ
οԼޱǱ˵ĶԼԼ޳ӦսҲס
ȻȻҲǳĳȫõġ
Ȼ¸ΪǺãķӣҲȲѵ顣
˼Ƭ֮󣬷¸̲סſƾϲӲš
ҲҪ̫ڸˣܹԼܶԷĻ;ԼϾԼֶǿ̽ģǶ֪֮ǰԵһơ˵ĻͻŪ˾֪ˡ
¸˵Ҳɵõ
֪¸еҲΪȺ˺ãŻԼڼԼܡ
Ȼʱͱ¶˳ԺһƣѧԺԱҲ಻һϰ
Ҳ͵ͷӦˣʾԼڱҪʱʹԼޡ
δ룬ӵȷʵ̫á
ϵȻ似ԺͬѧȻԷΪȴԶԶ֮ϡ
ʹԼ޵Ļ²Ҫʧⳡ
븴˵пܻ˺ۡ
֮ӾʶԼͲ֮Կ˵Ŀ֮£ȲѵʹԼޡ
߽Լޱٻʱ򣬳־һ籩һζԷȻǱ߽Լܵʵˡ
ȻΪԶ֮ϣӼԼڼԼ޵ĻôٸߣҲǲܹΪӵĶ֡
ȲѣٻԼ޵ӣʤ
ˣˣҲܱȽ븴ҪǿһЩɣ
֮һظһЩʧĸ̾š
¸ȻǶһο
ûµģлᣡ
ʱξҲ˳οӡ
ǰ¸ʲôʱ㣿ʱҲµĵƵģİɣ
һŵıǼСӵĳԱһҪϳӦսǳ硣
һθϵľȻԺһͬͬѧ֪ܲӮ
ξһڳսһ˫ǰ棬һսһĶ̨졣
ûһγʵµˣ˭Ӯ˭ǲһġ
¸貢ûжԴ˷κεĿüȻ˵Ļ͸Ӧøѹ
Ҫһܹʵµ֮£ܹʤԷ
Ͼ϶һҪӮģӮ˵ǸҲͲһǳԲԣ
ȻûôʧȻʵ֮൱Ķ֣ȴʤɹ
԰ֵܣղһʹÿƯ
̨֮ϲûм˺ۣһȻʤȴûд̫ڼҡ
ξֱȥ֮ҪΪ˶һ
ҲǿĵЦЦΪԼؽ븴ԻΪ˶еϲġ
һıҲȻֹˣÿһ˵Ҳ˵Ҳ̡
Сڽղμӱĸ˳ɹȫ
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248 

ڶʱ򣬱ȻҪС
Сӵ˳ǩȽϾȣһ˳ǩϰ񣬵ڶҲ˳鵽š
ôңϵҲ̫ˣǲ֪ܲܿͷ
ԭ˵⻰ǼСӵŮϼǡɾǵһϳˡ
ȻСѾĸԱ˱Ҷ˳
ǵ˽ҲҪϳϾСӻкܶԱûвμӹȡ
ǿԵģÿ˶μӡ
ԴҶΪɿزòμӣһҪƴȫľܵԼֱӽ
ҪȻȵʱ򣬲ǵڶκķḶ́ͬҲΪпһЩ
ΪʱĶֻǿȥΪڶαܾͻĥ˵̬
ϾӮ˵Ļǳ׵ı̭ˣʱҲΪѧԺЦ
οҹζ࣬˭
ҶϣԼҪȥμʲôһĥ
ҪڵһεʱͳɹҲ˺ܶ鷳
ô뺷˭ѽ˭֪ΪƢŮӣҶɪɪ
ѫһԿڴȤһװһ񺮵ӣҪϼ
ϼóһֻۣҲû˵Щʲô
ʲôһĸоʱʧ
һһֻζŹѫ˵˵̫磬㵽ʱ˸Ķ֣֪ʲôվ˵ˡ
˵ֱ̨֮ͼһͷӵĹѫվԭأıӰ˼
ò˵ϼҲʮֲá
һǡǽĵһϳ˾Ͱˣû뵽ҲǼΪĵġ
˵ԷжȴһˣƤӹ򣬲ЩƵˡ
ӴôԸеСˣôүҺúõĵϷϷ
ŶԷһԼĶҪˮ˵ӣϼʮطһۡ
ǣκζԷ񲢲׷ŹǼźϼһٵϷ
СˣĿǺãûϲˣүһ𣬱֤ĺģ
һĻϼֻԼֱ
ֻûϾԲ¡
ƽҲûʲôã˵˵һԼкùӳԵġ
ȻԷϼԼûжøем˱䱾ļơ
ôװˣȵʱ˴үңҪЬȻߵһȺŮ˰¼
һĻû˵꣬Щ۸ŭ˵ĺϼҲ޿̡
ŶԷ˵Щκ˵Ļ䣬ڻ̲סֱӽԷڵء
벻Ȼ˵װףɵ׻ֻǸӶѣȻıϼһлˡ
ֻ˵Ļɲɵؼŭ˺ϼúϼԼͷŵĵزӶöԷ޷ƥС
ϼʱ˿ǳ鴤Ȼһֻ̤ǸղŲͣ˵һЩĻϣȻһƲơ
ǹ²һ˵ʱǵþӣ
˵֮³˶Դƿԣֲɵÿ
ϼ֮ǹѫʱ򣬹ѫ˺ϼϳ֮ǰһʲô塣
ΪһθԵĲǱˣԼˡ
ǰɣҵĶôһ֮ǰôңԼҲû˵ѽ
վԼλǱߵһѫֱӵᣬ֪˵Щʲôá
վһʱ˿ҲֻͷȥҲ֪顣
Ҳ֪ôһ£˵ˣûԼǶٺţҲû˭뵽ǡɶˡ
ⷬѫҪץˡ
ܿͶɫ
Ȼ÷ǳĲ˼£ȻɺϵĻҲòӡ
ȻǸǶĻͲҪ鰡Ȼǲӣ
ʽĹѫû˸ղŵɵɫһ˵š
ʵҪΪ˸ԼսѹӶ顣
ԷʵԼĺܣȫĻǾԴùԼġ
ϣԼֵΪͶԼ˼֣øӵĲ˼
һǱҲʮֵĹֱѫ˵ˣȻҲĵ˵ͷ
˾˭Ҳû֡
ѫƴȫΪһԼǿȻ߽Լ޶ٻ˳ȻȴǴ򲻹һ
ֻһ˸죬³֮һֵܣ˿ֱڵЩͷԡ
׷ô£ôŴŻֵˡ
ĽȻһɹѫǽ˸лᡣ
-

249 ʤҳ

ڶı˳֮󣬼Сûȥ
ǴΪ˺úõĸĸλףһ£ѧԺһؿʼԿ⡣
ѽ¸迾㣬Ҷܲס졣ʱ˧˵ĻҪΪʰ
ξһϲͣĳ⣬һ߻ҪˣˣƤӶ¸衣
¸ĻҲֻЦЦȻָһЩ⣬ͣרĳ⡣
ѫһ໥ݵ飬һڻ
Ȼ֮ǰҲ˵˱ƴȫǱϾǴӮԼֵܡ
¶Էʧ䣬ķϣҪ˵Ļֱܹӵĵ
͸ɴվѫơ
ֵܣ²˼ˣҲû뵽ǩǡ㣬ң
һĻѫǴİ˰֡
ˣô飿ȥˣ˵ˣʤ˱ҳ£ǺֵܣαؽЩûõģ
˵֮ͽӹһľƣͷһɶ
һҲ֪ѫԼֵܣû˵ʲôԼƿҲֱӸˡ
Ҫѹһϣ˸ĻᣬҺ͵ˮƽдĿռأ
һĻһɵЦЦ
ԼֻҪûиѫ̫ӰֵܹܣѾˡ
ʱϣı
ϣǼССģҲΪ͵ġ
ԴҶҪӵĹעһЩʱʱ̵̿עһЩʲôˣΪıߡ
Сϣô죬ҲûдʲôĶ֡ˣξ㲻ǰ֮ûдСϣŵ˭
ϼ˵֮󣬾ʹڴξ
ξҲǸҡҡͷʾͲ֪
ϼʧĵͷȥξǶϣͺϼ԰ο
ѽû£֮ǰ¸費ǸǼСӵÿ˶Ūһͷֵ߽ԼʵڲоСϣʱҲֱӰԼٻ£
ûõģҡҡͷ˻ڵô죿ȥͲ𡭡
˸˵ĻҶɵõ˳Ĭ
Ȼ֪˵Ļ˵еǻϣϣܹһЩ
ϣûôʧȻΪ͵ģȻȴҲõġ
鵽ĶֻֽһԪӤڵˣҶԷûԼޡ
ǱϣҪö࣬һϣȻɻʤ
ϣĴ̨֮󣬴ҾͶΧȥϲ
Ҿ˵ۼСϣõúⲻӮ𣡡
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ͺʲôϽŴ˵ˣƽ绹ڶ̨ϾҪʼ˰ɣھ͸Ͻȥͣ
ĻҾͶ˵ͷȻųƽڵĶ̨˹ȥ
Ϊһϣ˵ǣԴ󲿷˻ϣ߹۲ġ
Ҳǳƽӧ˵ǲùߵ״ϣǸҪǵİο
ȺԱڵĻϣܹӵİһЩܹӵøá
ԴҲŶϣǱߣΪ
ǵ˶̨ʱԭǱɵġ
ϾƽʵɲҪ֮ǰڸҲᵣСӳĽɫ
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ֻҪ̫ڲĻôһȡʤ
ǵΧʱȴ̨ϵĳƽһЩ
ȻĶȴһĵҺ͸ⳡһƽ쳣ɡ
ͬѧ˭ѲʵȳƽҪߣ¸Щеֵ
ʱ򣬰֮ǰ֮
ξһʱóʼڸҽ
˿ֻһСѡҪΪʲô֪ȻҶЩ˻һŵ˽ġ
Ļһꡣ
ξǾЩε˿ȣûٹܱ˵ʲôӦǼ
ҶһѧֻֽȽֵǣֻԪӤԲΪҲһޡ
Ļ̧ͷ̨ȥȻǸһ
ʱٹ۲һսĻͲѷĳƽƣҺϾҪˡ
ȫעұеĵעųƽǱߵ
ȻҵĵҲǺ޵ģΪǵʵ⣬һǳƽʵӦøʤһ
ȴɰν˵ϣڴҾҴżֵǵĿһ
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250 ӢȨ

ܸһˣȷʵóƽһЩʧġ
Ȼĸĺܿ졣
˵һ֮󣬾ֱӳΪ˵һӭˡ
ѫĸҪһʱ䡣
ûϵģֵܡҲ֪ԷʲôͷҲˣǸһܹͻΧģ
ڸʼ֮ǰƽȥǩ֮󣬾ͿʼȴԶ䡣
ξʱȳļʾο
ȻҲΧǣȻȴҲûж
ΪǶ֪ƽжֻҪڸֳܹɫӵĻӦþͲǡ
Ȼǽ뵽˳ƽȴԶԶ͹̫һ㡣
ʼʱ򣬳ƽҪ̨
ҿˣһνƽбƴˣȴɵõһЩɫɷס
ƽҲ̫ˣôһζϵǡɾһ
Źѫһ̾˶Ҳһȵ˵
¸ǽüͷû뵽ʱԼһ֣һ˳ͦ˸
ȴʱѶԸĶ˳ƽ֮ǰǶ顣
ƽôܸ¸һһеٮٮأ
ȻǷǳź˱Щɥ̨
ҶʱٴΧΪһЩԶ׼аο
ҲΪˣʵҶСҪãҲԲģõǵ
һһȴ磬˼ҲԲ
ȷƽʲôʵȺͬȻȻʮȻҲͲϣƽΪ̫ھɥ
ϾȷΪòŻܹһЩĻӸտʼʱͱر
ȻĻ֮󣬳ƽȴֻǿЦЦӻΪ˶еЩʧ䡣
ʱҶʼ˼һЩʲô飬Żóƽ
ܿξͺ뵽˺õӡ
ǳȥ̨ĻһѧԺȥɢɢģ϶Ͳиˣ
ξ⻹ǲ˶ͷϿɣƽҲӦˡ
ԭѧԺһĵĹ涨ǾǼһѧʱİͬѧԡ
൱ǸӢѧһȨ
ܿʱϣֻѧԺڵĵ۶ǣǵҹҲɵƻԻͣͷܶ
ҶΪֱϢϾ۶ǿɲһķ
ǳ˵ҹ
˴ѧԺʱȻ컹ûк͸Ȼȴֲ֪кȥ
Ҫ㳣ƽɢɢĵģƫƫƽҲûʲôҪȥĵط
ǴҾͲĽĿ˷¸ϣϣָܸһ·
¸ëһתܿ͸˴һ𰸡
һҪһͬȥ䡣
⻰˽ǵͷǣΪⲻ
οҹҲ֪ܹкȥŷ¸ȥῴ֡
Ǿһ˺ƺƵŵ۶ȥ
ҹ˶࣬Ҳû̫עĿ
ǵִʱȴû뵽һˡ
ǿǰǲƼҵǸҰѽôô죿
ξǵɵ·ϵģǰ治ԶˣȴϽͣ˽ŲȻߵļ˵š
ɣôôɣҲʱˣƼҵ˸òᶼôаɣ
ѫȻԴɣ̧ͷǱ߿ȥ
ʱʼĬԯΪĲһ䡣
ֻƼҡ
ţ¸ӹ磬顣
Ƽұǵ۶Ĵ֮һӰȻǲͬ졣
ξŻ⣬˵˽⡣
Ұֲò˵ƼҵĵϵӣȻҲһĿĴڡ
ѧԺеٮٮߡҵĵϵһҪӵĳһЩ
ԵǸؼҵˣҲΪԯٹ۲һ¾˵ֵԭ
ؼҲͬǵ۶Ĵ֮һ˲ǱˣǺͷ¸йڵǼλеһλ顣
ʵҪ˵ͻǵҲǡ
Ͼһ̨ҲǲһûУ˵ߣ첲ӵֱվȥ
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˵ԼıܹϵжãҪĶ
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뷽跨ģŻֱ
˵ˣҲһǳСˣʼһԸ¸ѡ
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251 δ

¸˴ҵȻǶ˽ģһȥƵˡ
£Ȼȥ˼ҡ
ȻôģȴûзŹ˼
ߵҰû˵ЩʲôǰȺ˴кΪǱʶ
Ȼȴƺ˷¸֮󣬶ʱЩѪӿ֪Ϊξֱ˹
λСͬѧ㵲ҵ·ˡ
ֻڷ¸ǰվһضŷ¸裬ƺҪ
Ȼ¸迴оȴһЩЦ
ʣ·˿۶֢״ҲʮֺģȻ˵ԵЩխҪҿĿ𣿡
ȻҲû뵽¸˵ݣһʱȻ벻ܹش仰ԡ
ʱһֱԸڵξҲʾվά¸衣
Ӵ·˿ĶߣȴƫҪߵǰǺҲûطɣ߹ģĻ˵ǵ·
ѫһܻˣξĻ֮ϵЦһ
ΪУȻٲ˳֮⡣
ȻһȻΪ¸費ˬҲ硣
ǵĻôԼԭ뷨
Ƕ˵ֱӶӵǰѵ·һڵ˱޶ͷ
ʺͷ¸ֱӳִҪæȴҲ޴֡
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ʵĻ¸ҲͲĶ֣ԴŴȻ·硣
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һԼŵʱ򣬷¸赱汻һƷȵĺ˼ڵء
Ĺؼʱ̣ȴһȣ¸ü.Ķͷ΢΢Щ顣
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ؼʱ̵ֵ˺׾ٵĽȳȥ˺Զ
һ鵱ȻǱȻڱȳȥ˺Զֺ֮ݺݵˤ˵ϣһѪ
ɼСʵжǿһ¼ֱͿҪˡ
Ͼǵ۶ĵؽ磬̫ɧҵĻá
οһβ̨ϣǰˣҲؼҡ
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ֻСֻǻУ¸ϸȻҲȶ
΢ȶСȴɶԸղĽԼ˵鹢ڻƺҪ֡
Դ˷¸һֻ۱һֻۡ
ΪҲԴ¾ʵΪˬԼûȥ˼ҵ˼ȻȴһٶƣǸ˶̲ˡ
ʱҰʱȳ
飬û°ɣ
ȻȴûӣֻСӭȥ
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ҲЩ޲ߵĿһˤڵصʱ򣬵۶ϵ˴ƽơ
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ǵ۶ͣһͶȥЩǵĿ⡣
ʱ򣬷¸費ɵüͷ壬ƺҲ˼ԡ
۶߽˵ʱ򣬷¸ձ˱ۣ̾һ
ջС׵İҲǶһ
ΪⷬٶһΪﲻô˵Ҳǵ۶ĵ̣Լ˹ϵĻô֮Ȼǲ˵
ͣĻô¸ȻҲҪǼֱ档
ҰȻǸ˵ˡ
˶ǵ۶ĴҵĵӣκӣǾȥĻ
Ǽ˲ҰˣȴҲпֱҡ
ڴ˿̻ûйʵķ¸˵Ȼֲġ
Ϊǵ۶վȽŸͲܹȵҡ
ͲķչǵػٺãҲǺްô
ֻԼˣ¸κӣҪֱӽ͵
Ҫ˵һŹ˵ԭ򣬻ΪξѫԼߡ
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ǲôڣȺ黹ԼҵĻԷκӣ֮֡
κĵͣôпܻԼĻ鷳
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252 ɹ

ʵϣ۶˶ֻһЩײСѡ
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ʱҰҲֻؿ˷¸һ۶ѣʹŴʱ˿ѾˣκʲôӦ뿪
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һͷ˾ȻǷ¸裬ԭȥһЩװͰ͵ʱסͻһƵЦݡ
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Ҫ˵Ұûд뿪Ļ˹⸱ػȡ
Ĵ˵ʱûиôӡ
Ȼȴ˷¸裬̧٣С˷¸ࡣ
ֻҿûпһģֱ뿪
ԭǷݹ٣˻ʧԶӭˡ
˵֮󣬹µЦݾִ˼ֺãڰѻ˵
Դһε֮һֱǹעȴһֱ벻κΰ취ϵϡǰʵҪлֱ˵ˣ
ԷϾǵ۶ĸˣô˵ҲҪֱ档
ԷԼƺֺãǶԷԼȴҲҪӵġ
Է¸ֱӶ֣˵ʲôֱ˵ǣĳϴ
¸ԼӣȻʮ⡣
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Ƿ¸ֱӴӻͳöӲӵļƷжֳ˼ֱҪߵİ
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öһöȻҪø£ʣµһö鷳Ϊ
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ҪȻǷ¸˵ԷҲἫΪ˼
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ҪҲֱӳҪ˽ݹһ˵
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۶ĸ˻ʾ֮󣬽öƷļǮԼһǮһͬ¸衣
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53λʮһΣ
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71λʮһΣ
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16λһһΣ

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ȥ¸裬Ƿ˰ȥ֮ǵٸǰһٿ⣡ξð˵š
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¸裬ҲԿˣ
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⻹òȴֻϳɵǰ˲ɵõĶ̧ͷͶȥɻĿ⡣
˭ѫЩɻͷȻһѯʡ
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ȻǺǰȺ˭ʱ򣬶ԷȴֱӿʼԱš
λãǵ۶Ĵ֮һҵĹܼҡһҼҼҪ¸豾ȥͣλҲ֮һͬݷá
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253 

˻һһ˽һЩȻȴҲǸ˼
Ҫ˵ԯ̬ȵĻԴȻЩĵġ
Ȼ˶ĳϣûˣҲɲɫʼո档
û̫ĴڸУȴҲʼڷ¸ߡ
ҲΪûκͣǱһѵˡ
Ⱥǵͬ飬ǳ˷¸ˣǺѼԯһ档
Ϊʱֵ̱ЩģҲΪҵȺ˻᲻⡣
˵Ǹҵ˿û̫ʶֻһͬͬѧѡ
ԯҲɵӣɲΪԷΪһϵסǵȥ·÷¸ǰ
˵ĻҲһη¸һ㱻̨ʱȴά˹Χ
ά˹ҪһһЩϾô˵ҲҵĵϵӣȻҪЩġ
Ȼֻһ㽻ȴȫöԷļֱӽеȥ͡
ԯ俴ǻĿĵġ
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ҲûбҪԼĸףҲҼɣ
Ͼ飬ôܴζ
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ˣɫһ˲㵽ȥϢ
⻰Ȼ˵Ļǿ˼ҲԲǳľܾ̬ȡ
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ԯĻ֮󣬶ԷȻźƵЦݣ˵Ļȴ˾ܾˡ
λС̨ȱѾܾ
ԶԷȥûʲô쳣ȴ־͸¶ǿӲ̬ȣԯʮֲ
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ǰŵ֣ԯüͷɻĿŷ¸迴˹ȥ
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ʱ򲻸ӣǾ൱ǽ֮ǰЩõĽһʹ
ڻûеõκκôʱ򣬾ֱӱԷ˻Ϊ˸һˡ
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ͬҲΪǾ仰ԼµǣǱϾȺ飬ȻҲͲ鷳
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ԯҸ͵͵ĸԺʱʱ̵̿Ķߵ״ҲΪԷһ
ξĻ֮ԯͷӦŻȥ顣
ҲˣʲôΣѧԺȻԴѵĴԴ˱ǵİȫ
Ͼ֪ԷʲôĿģҪһֱȽϺá
ڴһ֮˲ҹܼһͬȥ͡
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254 ŵô

һ˸ҹܼ󣬺ܿ͵
ҵĵؽ統ʮַҲǵ۶Ĵ֮һ
߽Ҵ֮󣬾Ͳѷһʮƺΰĵط
֪˵Ը̫Ͻǳԭں֮оҲ͸¶żµζ
λҴǵӴ˵Ĵȥ
ܼһЦŶ˵һǰ·Ըŵ˸Ͻȥү
Լɣ˵˼ԽӼ
Զо¸һҲֲ֣û̫ڷϡ
ǵǸνĽӴ˵Ĵã֮Ŵһȥׯޱȵˡ
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žνĴҼֻ֮վߴ˲Żɢʡ
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Ϊ֪ԷĿʲôӵģ֮ǰȻҲöԴۡ
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СΪνڵȣɣ̸֮¡
˵֮ͺܽڵģλϣ¸˻һҲͷܡ
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˵գͿЦе˷¸ˣƺŽҪ˵Щʲô
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ξֲɵõĶһЩղ˵ҪԯȥϵǵԺѲɶԷ˵ĻͶǵĴƣ
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˾Ƿ¸衣
֪ΪΣҼҲκֱԼ˶ȻҲͬαװġ
Ҳ֤˾ԲԼô򵥣ǱˣȻҲ͸ӵҪԼע⡣
ʵҼҲԴһŵĴ㡣
ԼмҲѾ϶νĽ¸꣬ϱضǲʲôܱġ
ҪȻҲܹθкü˵ĶĿ
¿ǶԼͻȻԼо϶ɡ
Ҽ۵׽֮һ˲ʱһЩķӡ
ʱúõİһ·¸ˣǷľ裬ܹԼ¡
飬ҼȻҲǸ˾
һζŷ¸Ц˵ǷİɣҪнʹҵĵ̣Ҳûʲô⣬ôġ
˶³ˣҼô˵ҲһĿĵġ
ֻǻһۣûѡʱ֨߻شĻ
һôµξʱѡ˳Ĭ
Ϊ֪ԷĿľʲôģȻʱ鷳
Ȼڿ˼˶ԼĻûκηӦ֮Ҽڻסˡ
һ۷¸裬˵ԼյĿġ
λСһҾܹ㲢ǷˣҪңΪЧԸ
⻰һ˵ڣǴ˵ķ¸裬ܹóһά˹ΪԼΧҲһְŵġ
ΪľǽһԤıˣҪԼԼΪ֮Чˡ
Ƿ¸ôܴӦ
СʢȴκʵδСʱѡ¡
ԾܾĻ˼Բ
ҼĻ֮˫һУȴҲûе
ְڳһͰ׵ӣʵѡ˶Ρ
ֻֻ˼һ뵽ӦԵ²ߡ
СǾܾĻĳȻҲܹǿʵʵĳҲֻϣܹһЩƷǼȻгļ۸ȫ롣
ԷǴʯȡԼĽˡ
ȻԼĽȥڽʱҲܹõһϺõļֵ
Ѳг۸ʯ룬ʲôã
Ƿ¸ĬǲԴ˷κε̬ȡ
¸ƺǲΪҼһЩ̲סˡ
ʼһЩĺôԴ.¸衣
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255 

ɣСӦҵҪĻԻô
Ŷ¸װȤӣ˵޷Сϴ
¸ϵҼЦЦ
ֻ˼Ƭ̣һϵпȥԷ¸˵żô顣
Ʃ罫ڸ棬СǳΪҵĺ飬ôԻֿɼ֮ܵҵıӻ
⻰¸װص˵ͷƺҲûκҪȷԼ˼
ôСĪǶԴ˲⣿
õĬ֮УҼ΢ۣ˹ȥ
ƺǴżв˼ѯš
ڱϾ¸кܴôʱá
˵һ֮мκڡ
ַƺҪһЩ
ɣС㻹ĻһЩϾϷҲ벻ʲôΪķˣԸĻԻӦʡ
¸Ҳ֪Ҽ˵⻰ǾѾǼΪԼˡ
ҷ¸ҲģϾҼôΪ϶ǸĪġ
ǻڶԷĵ̣֮ӲӲĻпܾͻ⡣
ֻԼĻãξƽ˻ԼߣǾͲòΪǵȫǡ
˵ǻؾ̫׵ĻȻҲá
Ծܹʱ·˶ԷӣȻпܾͻһ˵ĸɲͬӰ졣
Ƿ¸ҲʼϸԼĻػʵؾԷȴֲܹ̫Էӡ
ϾһٶľܾǵĻпܻἤŭԷ
ҾԼĶҲܹ֣ϾҲǶԷһ˲ˡ
˼Ƭ֮󣬷¸ҲЦ̧ͷȻضҼ˵˵ֲ⼫ƷǼʦƶɣСѽ
Ȼô˵ҼûзŹĴ㡣
¸軰䣬Ҽץʱû׷ʡ
Ȼ˵Ļ֪Сʦλˣ
˵ǰ㣬Ƕǳĺ棬Ҳ˴򶨾һ̬̽ȡ
¸ҲɲŲæȥΪ
ʵʦһλʿСἰʦšȻὫʦţΪʡ
ҼҲû뵽¸軹治һˣȻݡ
ܹԼǰһٶˣͷ
ԼĶԻ֮Ҳ־һֲ䣬ԼץκΰѱͬʱҲͬҲκ©
ҪĻĻᶼûУ˾Ҳ֪Ǻˡ
ײκζԼ鱨ͬʱҲһЩķ顣
ڿǷҪյʱ־ǿӲرԼЭĻҲ֪˵ĻǼ١
ǵǱʦţ½ҲﲻԼĿġ
ǾԲܹõġ
ҼԼǲӦټһЩ롣
ϾܹⰮˣͷСӻԼ£ôԼĺӸʮʮ
µʱϵĻҲԼǸν淽
ţҼʹٴοڡ
ȻûѸ˵ڵʱҿشŵȴͻȻǰͨ
ѧԺԺͻȻѾǰ߸ϡ
ԺǰϢ˺Եһ
һβڷѾĶԸҼˡ
ֻҪԺǰΧôͲҪǵġ
ҼȻʱҲ㣬벻϶ʱѧ
Ȼ֮ǰѾҲѧԺѧǾӢģǾͿ϶Ժš
ֻû뵽ԷľȻ֮죬Լû׵κζԼʱ򣬾öԷֱӸ˹
Ҫ֣Ҳô׵ģһԭļƻҲֻˡ
ȻǸ֮ͨûжãѧԺԺͬĲ˽
µ֮Ҽ֣ʵҲչ¶Ľ
ϾôĻҼҲһܹ׷ˡ
ԼӷŻὫȺӸȻȥ
ҼѧԺԺվǰ֣ҹάš
ԭѧԺԺݵĳʧԶӭ
˵ﻰΪԺ
ԺͬҼţȴɨȺѧһۣȷǲ޴֮󣬾ֱ⡣
ֻҵȺѧΪƤҹδ飬ԲصسѰҡ鷳ˣԺͰǸȥ
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256 ʤ

ǾԺ׾ٵԷ¸ѧԺѧҹδΪɽһ˸ˡ
ʵҼҲʶˣԼҲһʲôԼĽ
Ҳ׾ٵİһȺ˸ˡ
ȷʵӣɫҲѾˣȻԺǰЩѧعԺҲͲˡ
ȻԺȥЦеģԼѧȻҪȥˣԵٻᡣ
ţļҲ鷳Ժչˡ
ҼѧԺԺһһؿţջԺ¸һ˴ѧԺ
һ·ǶһԲǲҵԺ
Է¸ͣ˲٣ξһ·Ҳûô˵ǲķΧ
ȻԺںͰ׵ıҲֻǰװİˡ
ǸոѧԺĵؽ֮Ժ
ǼСô£ʱӣҿǳ֪ҴţҪ֪ǻʲô𣿡
֪ԺΪǺòŻѵǣǷ¸˽һͷӣûѡԺ⡣
һҲǶԺǲ׾ٵĴҼħצ֮˳ѣȻ֪Ҫʲôʱ
Ժ⸱ɵӣһʱһ롣
ǼҲģȵĽн׶ΣȻ˼ȥй䣡֮ڲٳѧԺר׼ȣ
һ֮ͨԺ侲˰֣ʾץס׼ı
Ҳ뿪ûٹǡ
ˣղԺװ
ξΪظǱԺŵòᡣ
ǻΪǡ˺ˣһ˳Ǿ͸ϽԺȥɣ
ƽϽԺȥ飬˷׷׵ͷӦ
Ȼ²ܳѧԺˣµʱҲ졣
ҲޱȣԺҲΪ˱ǡ
ΪٳȥйĻֻᱻҼϣʱͲôˡ
ѾȫҲ˵ȵĵһѾԲɡ
ڶգһ֮ʲŽ˵ڶ׶Ρ
һϢʱ֮ڣĥŷ¸ԺһٷʢĿʢ硣
˲ԺӵСӵĳԱһԿ⡣
ϼ֮Ϊȡ
ô£Ϊεڽտ⣬һһαһηʢ
Ϊ¸̯ˡ
ѫһԳ԰ģڳһüŪ۵ӣƺڰʾʲô
¸εЦЦϼһЩͷԡ
ֻȻпԵĻȻû˼ȥ顣
ǾֱܵһԣʼΪʳξ˿⡣
߿Щҵģ
ξŻеһ迾ⲻţǴ̣Ҳġ
ô¸迾˵ⶼˣö߶٣ôԵţ
˺ϼ⻰ξһЩԶԡ
ֻ˿˵Ŀ⣬ŬŬ죬ͳźϼ˵㿴ǶֲˣҳԱȻҲеĳˣȲҪ
мֲѽһ̾˿Ǹ㣬Զϰ˺òã
һΪεĻ¸ͷ̿һЦ
ҲЦˣһĮԯϵı鶼һЩѣƺһ˿Ц⡣
Ϣ¸ǵԺҲǻЦﲻϡ
һ֮󣬵ڶȵĵڶ׶ξͿʼС
ڶ׶Ǵ̨Ľ׶ΣһЩ˵гȡһλ
ֻҪܹʮϣ޳ɹɽһ֡
ǲɣ߰˳ʱͰ;ָô죿ѫͷЩɻѯš
ξ°װһӣȻǱֱ̭ˡ
ȥҲ̫˰ɣ
ѫŵ۾Ҫ̨֪µľ
һһָܹʤҪĻҪһʮġ
ˣһĵķǳ֮죬ʱ϶Լʵ
㻹ǹĹҰɡҲǲһ̶ˣȻ鵽˵һǸǴͷˣ
˵⻰ӣʮֵùĵѡһȵĿź졪һ
ͣһԵģϣһվԼĸ
Ҳû˵Ƿ׷׹ο
Ǿ˵ףУ̨
ҵǣǲ˵ǵһҲûȫӡ
Ӯ׾٣ȵʤ
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257 һ

԰޻ûӣȻһ·Ӯڣ
һԹսĳƽ֮ǰӰԿ޻ɹӣɵõ̾
Ҳ׷׵ĿʼӺ˼ͣϣܹٽһ޾ֱܹӽˡ
Ȼ¸ȴ𽥱Щ
ΪһϸĹ۲ˣ׾ͿóѾһЩƣˡ
ղʤ֣ȻڼʹֵĲǷǳԡ
ǺƵȴȻһЩҪĸоֻǴҶûעĵѡ
ټȥĻǳŲȥġ
Ϊľʱһͺпֱɥʧ˽ʸ
Ҫ֪ڵڶУδɹʮͻֱӱ̭
Ҹ翴ȥһЩˣ
˵⻰ӵϣ˷¸⣬ͬϸĹ۲첢ҹעӵˡ
ȻڵѾʼӵ״̬ƺǷǳĺã
Էж˺üŷӦȻһЩϽˡ
ǻްӾǸҲһܹοڻһֱţô죡
һЩǵĻ֮˶̨ϵͶȥ˵ǵĿ⡣
Щڵ״ΪĲεǻӵʵ
ȷʵһЩģҾӦ𽥵ı
ʼʱʱĵá
Ϊʼʱ޵ˣһֱʮʤȷʵǷǳѵ顣
˱ԼΪҪߵˣǿ϶Լľ
ҲΪʲôڶֱΪпԭ
ڲͣ޵ĹУ׽Լġ
ȴҲ²֪ľ
Ҫʱ˳ǿ϶һּѵ顣
οǼһͬѧʵʲôģ¸ҲĺܣԾ͸Ӷ̨ϵӵ
ȻǵĵҲǶģӻǰС
ʧǵ̨ʱ˿ͬĿһҲòζ
ҪĻǶӰοһ£ϣһ
磬Ѿǳˣǰ㶼ر˧һҲ㣡
ξҲȥӹ
ѽֵܣ̫ˣҲ٣ȥ缸϶øǿ
ӵĽҲǿ˵ڴƺҲ뵽ܹ峡ϣ˵Ѿˡ
Ҳܿ˦ЩӰȻרעڿ̨ϵĳپԼʧˡ
Ҳ˳Ŀ̨Ͽ˹ȥʼע൱ǲӺ󳾵βμӽ̨
޳ɹȻȻҲͳһֵ
Ĺԭӵģ°ŵʮûбйޡ
֪Ӧ˵ãӦ˵ʵǿֻ߱
ʮȻһЩĿİȴվӮ
Ȼڶֵ̨еһɹʱ֣Ӷֱӽˡ
ϲͬѧΪһֱ
ŲеһһսԲ
ͣľͲ˵ڶ̨ڶ̨ȻȻҪѡ
ҶʼϵĲ²ţһѡ˾˭
ڶֵȡ似ԺһľӢ
ȷûõģΪѡ֮˶пܾͻֱ
Ϊʲô˵
ȻΪ˵ΪߣǶļ
Ҫ֪ǱȸղŵһֱҪߵΪԵϳʱ򣬲ɵõ˶һƬȻ
似ԺһľӢļ˭ܵס
ξ˫ֽǰһϧ̨
ȻǾʤڶֵ̨ûʲôսԡ
Ȼÿһ¶żת䣬Ҳ⡣
ǰʱ˵ǶԵĳƺţֱɵʤ
ûиܵ˿⣬ϾʵҶϿɣҲϵġ
ԾӮ׾٣ҲǷǳ飬ҶֻǱſֵ̬
Ȼڵϳʱ򣬾ֱһȻ.
ⲻǸһҲǹùˣ
һһֿһվ̨ѾЩɵ۵ǸӢѧɵ졣
ҶûʶȻϷԵı仯
Ƕڳһֵ̬ǾѺϷˡ
Ͼһǳͷӣ˶¸һܹ׾ٵӮ
ͬѧǹǺˣɲе¸谡¸Ӯɲһ
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258 

һʵȻǸ˵ˣʵʹûб˻ɹ
һڳ˷¸裬һ֮һȥҲˡ
ΪҲûжԴ˶۷׷ףֻǻȻһƬѣҲûʲôȻ.
ڸ֤Լ֮ڿġ
Ͼ쵱ˣҲǴҹϵĺ
ķôԶȥ
֮ĳɹӡ֤ʵ
ٴǸ似ԺνļװྫӢ֮һʼޡ
ȻֻһĻǸ˵Ķļѧض㡣
̨ЩνѣΧȥİο
Ȼһ仰͸Լһ̨£Ⱥͬƿԡ
Ѳһܶ𣿡
Ļ¸ȻʧЦ
ȷʵˣֻǲ֪еٮٮǣǷǶˡ
һ֮ѧԺȻĲٷ˿
һЩעүݣǶһ䡣
¸˵߾һȺˡ
СүϳˣҪĽˣ
ǿɲֻѣôӮ
Զķ¸һȺˣûôעǵĶԻ
ֻǾ뼫ǵһԻȫ¸˶
ξһͷʾ
ȷ϶Է˵֮ʹյ˷¸ߣСĶ˵š
ҸҴô˵ǿ϶㵽㲻һϡҪԯһֱӰһɷ
⻰ܻξ֮ô˵ǶһʲôƫǴһĪĵ⡣
Ƿ¸ȴΪΪҶξΪˡ
Ǹײģ£ȻԶԼ˵һȻҲԹ޳
£¸ҲûбֳκνɫֻҡͷЦ
ʾרעĿ̨ϵ¡
Ȼûκһ˶һӮ似ԺһǸļ˵ıеκ⡣
Ҳɹص֮λɻʮȡѧһһǰ֮ƴ
ǽ붼룬Ȼһվס
ɵİѵʮսѧſ֮󣬳һ
¸ߵȺͣĴһˣȻȻʱҲʾ
źͺӮһ
СүӮ׾٣
ղһ̫˧ˣ
սЩҲʵģɶСү˵ŰˣСү
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϶ҪʤѾĿ̨µѧǹͬ
̨֮ǡ·˷¸˵ߡ
ڿ˷¸֮ûѡӣҲͬûΪ¸еκεΡ
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ͣڴھһʤ
һͷ뿪
кܶ˵Ŀһֱ׷
Կһ̨֮󣬾Ȼ¸кֲɵõİĿ⼯ߣʼ˽
ǸӮٵ𣿿ȥͦ˧ģϲ͡
ԱߵȻԴ˲мһˣΪǸ
ôղŲǻϲСүھˣ
ξǵĻ˲˶Ҫȥ
Ȼ˻ûжǵķӦκξٶʱ򣬾Ҳˡ
Ϊһʤֵԯ䡣
ô̼һսսԯ֮ξ̲סЩ˷ܵ˵
֮ô˷ܣΪǼ˶֪ԯʵԯҲֻһֱȱһո¶ͷǵĻᡣ
ոյһڴѾһĴˣȫĽ
һԯϳʱػӵ˾ȡ
һ뵽ξ̲סһЩ˷ܡ
Ȼԯ仹ӡ֤ξ˵һȫ뷨
ڴڴĿУԯ̨
Ȳ˵ʣȵеʱ˲ʲôɾ䡣
Ϊʮ֮ڱضѶִſ£һ⡣
ѧԺһȻ.
ԭȶΪ˿һıžۼ
Ȼһۿһ޵˻ûȥȴֿһϷ
˶һЩĸе˷ܡ
͵˷¸ԯ˵˼Ϊ⣬˺˳ݵĶ
ԯˡ
ղʼտһˣҲ̲סʱ̾
벻һСүȻֳһƥ
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259 һٳ

һɾĵ⽣Ӱ֮Уԯ˲ս
öԷûзӦôһ£Ѿսľ˱
ϲԯͬѧΪڶȵλɹֵͬѧ
˲еԯ治ɫ̨µķ¸ȥ
Ҳܹİ˿в
Ȼ̨µͬѧȴʼյɴ۾³ķƺǲܹӸղŵһл
ɣôͽսǰǰҲֻʮӶѣ޵³ʱ䣬⡭
̲ס̾ǺܿĻû˵ĺС
ţгСүֵóݵżˣǽԯɣ
ǰ㲻оú˧𣿡
˵۷׷ףԯޱ顣
ֻߵ˷¸ߣȻ󰲾վţͺ۵ĶͲһ
Ȼûڷ¸վã˵ǲŸովֳµıʡ
ǰɣô̼ԯҲˣһȻ¸裡ξŵĴС
ղŲһʱ˼˵Ƿǳȵġ
ղԯϳ˵һˣȫûаҪԼ޵ӵ˼
Һްɽ˵д˵ϡ
һжȻ˵ʵһȺΪϳˡ
ҪҲһӢࡣ
Ȼԯһ㣬˸еϡͬʱ˽ȴֻǾӶѡ
Ȼֻûпֵ˷¸ϳ
쵱ﶼյһ飬ҲУⰲŵģҪӡ֤һ⼸˵ʵ
Ͼ޵ȻֻۣһҲ򲻹ĻǾͻܿս
޵˱ѡʱһҪʮȿ˵Ǳȹ޵˸Ҫء
Ѷ鵽еͷӣԺҲǷǳ뿴ֵġ
¸ڽӵ֪֮ͨҲûйԥ
򵥵ʰһԼװ°ڣʹֱϳ
ǰһ֮ԯߵ˵һ仰
ͣ㡣
ԯĻ¸һЦȻͷڴҵĴףԸ̨
¸軹ǷҪԼʵ
ųʱԼѾ׾ٵĴһҲ˵Լڴǰ¶Ѿˡ
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ֻǰǸĶŵЦݣٲȻһӡ
ˡ
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¸裬гĸԯһƴ
ڴһ棬ξȻ߼
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ͻȻоҲ˧ӣǰôͳСүûעأ
ȸղǸ˧绹ҪӵһЩϲͣ
ŮĻգξȻ֮Աǡ
ֻĲж༵ʷ¸裬ǾȺŮ̫ڷǳ
УȺô⿴棿¸ҪĲòӦÿʵòã
ܿҲûƶ˼ǿʼ۲̨ϵΣΪıѾٿʼ
ͺڸϳһ¸Ķͬɾ䣬ղŵԯ伸졣
ΨһвͬǣԯĽԵ˶˪
ҳп׼ݣȥ顣
¸ȴһȻǸɾģȴǴôһ˿ĸо
˾κεĲĵطһָԸõⳡӮĸо
Ҳôҽ룬ֵʮϳʱ͸ʰ·ˡ
Ը䣡
˵֮Ͷ׵̨ɿӰߵȴ
̨һƬȻ⻹ȿչһ˻ûбֱ䡣
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260 

˵Ҳǣһ̫ãײ˷¸衣
ȴֻһѧȻ֪ԼǷ¸Ķ֡
ټϷ¸֮ǰ׾ٵظɷǰŸˣΪ˲ԼƤ֮࣬Ÿɴˡ
ֻȴûΪ˸еԼĻ˵ǣҲ˰
ͨ⻰ͿԼһη¸ıֿɼһߡ
Ǿһԯ֮󣬷¸ҲΪĿ
ͬڶĿɹ
ڷ¸³֮󣬵ıҲȥ
¸ļͬУһξҲ׷׽Ҹֵķǳá
ôûǶ˰ɣ
ξЦ̨ȻƤЦ˷¸ߡ
һҲһɹˡ
ս֮һıԲչڶ׶εҲǳ׽ˡ
ҪĻͿ˵һֵı
ֻ˵ʵڵģһʣҲѾ޼
ͬѧǣڶѾԲԺһսܾʮѧԱ
һԺҪԳ˼ʹѾ֪˽۷׷׵ĳȴٴ˲ʱ䰲
ȻԺǼġ
ԺҲû˵һЩģӵĻ
Ͼ˶Ѿ֪ڳҲֻΪܽһѡѡ
˵ֱһ㣬൱˸ԺȻҪżɽ
һνܾʮ˷ֱԯ䡢¸衢һξ硢ݡһĺ
ԺǸ˵ĹУ˵¸ʱͬ˵ĺ۵һ˿
벻ҲˣȻ˵ĻǾưɡ
Ҫ֪һκݿǿ˺ܾãֻΪ¸һϸ¡
һԼһٵ飬ʼձݵѪһļ
ΪһԼԵ˿ͷͬҲΪԷӲ
ԼӶˣΪ˳ЦĶ
Դһε֮󣬺ݾʼּǳİѰűĻᡣ
͸˵ˣһΪˣͬҲ÷¸׹
ûϾܹóĵܵܡ
Ҳ֪һη¸˸£֪֪ܵܵ
ںֵ׻ᷢʲôǶܹԤϵĶ
ĺ룬Ҳ㲻ΪҲǼһѧȻҲҪεͷġ
ҪȻĻҲ֮ӱܾ
Ϊ¸ƽһѧҪ٣Զһ˲Ųûκεӡ
˵һλƾʵƴ˵ġ
ʮȫǼһӢѧһ⡣
ξ̲ס̾޵еļįһȶҪƾʵ˵Եĳ似Ժģɶͬͬѧˣεġ
Ȼҡͷп֮ȴܿٴαϡ
ΪҪڶֵıƴĻȻҪһµֵıݡ
˵ֱһ㣬ҪڵڶֽԺ󣬵һʱ֪ǵҪЩʲô
Ҳ֮ǰͬһ㣬οȻǵܾȻҪӡ
֮ǰıѡû̫Ĳ𣬵ȵܾͷϷ
ҶβӣȻҪΪˡ
һµֵı򡣡
˵⻰Ժ
ֵܾΪǰ볡Ծʤ߽°볡°볡Ҳϰ볡죬ֻ˳ɳǩһֿա
Ժ˱֮Եöǳ˷ܡ
Ͼڴ󲿷˶ѾһεıҲûκȥμӵĿԡ
ǶֻһȺֻḺֵˣȻ˵ĻȻҲͻĹע
пͷˣ֮ǰͺڿһȺɴһڸˡʵ϶һ㣬ÿһδһʾף
ȻҲŷ׷׸͡
ǱȵǻҪΪţͬҲǸڴⳡ
Ƿ׷ܣѾûκѹȻȻҲͲ˽ŵطϡ
ڳ˹֮󣬶Դ޶ԣұֲֿЦƵеˣǽ˵ʮˡ
ţξͻȻһС
¸ȥͬʱͶԵǵĿ⣬ƺڵΪλķӦ
ֻ¸跴Ӧ죬Ȼ뵽ξֻҪһ˵ˣǻָƽɫ
ԯǴͷβޱ顣
Ȼȴǣξѯʣξȴ˵һ˴۾Ļ
ֿ˵ǸҲ̫˰ɣ𣡡
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261 

һǴӵսǸǺΪĿѧĺ롣
Ȼû뵽ǣĺƺҪʤһ
һȻǵĴ򶷲쳣ңеƽζ
֮ǰδֵĺ룬ȴǴġ
ǿŵôԼȥ
֮󣬳˲⣬ȻҲһЩض㡣
ɶôһС
Ӧ¸赹Ǹһ˿ζЦݡ
µνĺжԸⳡ
ȻǸĺ뿴ӵǫĺܣӦҲûʲôĶ
ֱϹֱ̨͵Ųһֵʤ
ͽһվ̨ϣضŸղŴԼĺıӰ
¸費Լ뷨˵ڣξȴһ̲ס̾
Ȼ˱Ҳزɣô˵ҲͬѧһαΪѻԽϾ
Ϊһαֻʣʮ˵Եʣÿһ֮Żһ˫
ǿ³֮󣬲оͿʼڶֱ˫Ա
һһеԱһͳ硣
˻һ˵ûʲôоһͳǾȵĶһۣȻû뵽ͶԷϡ
Ҳ⣬ʣµļд󲿷˼ͬһԺӵˡ
ˣҲǴʵ顣
ֻһǰȻ¡
ϾڳʱûԼֵ顣
ȻǶԶԷ𾴣ȴɻһЩ˼
֮£絹Ƿŵÿࡣ
ϳ֮ǰͬĹѫһֱ˵˵˳
ûϵ͵ֲұãҪں֮ĹϵķϣԵ࣬ƴȫҾͺá
ųǲݣټᶨӣһǻƿԼʼѹŵǿʯͷ
ĿҲᶨһ󹴼֮󣬾ʹͬķ̨
ֵܣǧҪ飬ȥ֮󻹵¸ء
˲֮ڴ򶷿ʼ֮ǰһָ翪ЦʵΪҪôš
ȻԷԼӦôһȻҲӦûһ¶Է
һۣһЦͶ
Ƿ¸ѣΪ¸ԵȻҲΪ˴˵ѡ
ֻ֮ϣȴûɸԷˮ
ΪˮˣǶԶԷĲء
յĽǳҪʤһӮⳡٴν
֮һЦĵȻ
˳֮󣬾ͺղŵһ򶷺ͽôҪ΢ЦĹͬص˷¸˵ߡ
ѽһкϷˣԯĵܵܣ
ξ֮Щ˷ܵô˵Ϊ¸ڵԭйصһϵе˶
ôڴҲΪϣԯܹúõĽѵһ
ͬξҲʮԯġ
ϾȻǷ¸۸Ⱥоûκһ˻Դá
˵Ŀ̨ȥȻԯԴһӣͺκ鶼Ȥ
沿Լ仯ȴ쳣ķḻ
ʵЩߺ޵ԭȴԼĸûаϵһֵˡ
εͷ˲Ҳˣû뵽һһһѹԼһԴ
ȿʼ֮󣬾ԯ䶼ʼմģԼķâȫסˡ
ԴȻǲġ
ͷԯ仹һҰ·ӵˡ
һģӵдҴ󱳾Ҳˡ
һ֪к˶ܹѹԼȻǲԸˡ
ԯǰ֮£ⳡϣһҪúõƴȫԯ䡣
ʵҲһС˼
ΪԼܹԯ䣬Ŀ֮²λ
ô֮ǰԯһһɨգԼŻõĹע
뵽ɵõЦ
񶼱øȥǴԯһϸ¡
ԯûаԷ״̬ԯҲ޶ԡ
ڲ˱ʼ֮ƵĳȥǴԯһ䲻
ԯ俴ԷľٶѻʯվȻ̨һɵʮ֮ȡʤ
˱û뵽ԼȻ׾ٵһԡ
֮ǰЩ뷨ƺҲ˿գֻɲ̫ˡ
³ʱߵԯǱߣȻ֮ʱ򣬺ݺݵĵһ¡
֮ҲԼ׺ݵĿβڶԷջһݻ
ԯ䣬㲻ǺҼˣġ
-

262 ʤѶ

ڵֱ֮ʣµļԱҲֻʣˡ
үӣǧ¸裡
ԱʱֻҪǻϾǳ䶨ξ쳣š
֮ǰѫһԼһͳһľ
˵Ҳǲ¸ϣϵĻβ˵ͷ¸֮ĹϵҪһЩ
֮ǰһѣҲûͷ¸ôʶ˵ĺͷ¸øӵΡ
¸Ļ˭ѽһʮʮİ𣿡һԹսãԽԽ𾢵Ĺѫ̲ס졣
ûУξ˿ֹûаգҿº޶־ĽɴҪˡ
Ȼ뵽֮۾ȴһ
ⲻһ¸һĻǱȻӮ˺Ҳʤ㰡
Ļ䣬оͿʼ˵ĳҪе˫Ա
Ҫμӵĳ˫Աһξ
֮ξû˿
ӸտʼʱûһҪӮⳡ
֮£˲Ƿ¸Ļøӵһ㡣
ڴҵĿнظ
İɣСүһþʣһҲ㶪˶Բԣ
˵֮󻹲Ӧֱ̨
֪ξһȷһǴȴ׷Ϊʱ˿̹ٵһӢۡ
ʣµȻ˵ǿ϶Ψ˵ĺҪϷ¸ˡ
û£¸ָû⣡˵֮ǰݱ¸ѵ˵飬ô˵Ҳ¸°ܽǺѹѽ
ξȻûѸղ˵ǳ̫ڷϣת֮³֮Ϳʼ¸ƤЦ
ҺѧԺŮעһͷѧأ
˵⻰ǰ¸˼ʹĺϼ
ֻĻȻͷһᣬȴҲΪȻ
¸ҲֻǵЦЦ
Ȼ֪ϼԲƽ޹ʵ˵ĻֻϾҪԷˣôԥҲǺôġ
ǹʵսıһȣʱܹһ˽Ļᡣ
Ųеһ£¸ͺݾʹһķ̨
òĴͱϣ˫ڽ̨ܾ֮֮ǰҪһ»һֵġ
һһڶ
ǳڡ
һη¸ͺҲ⡣
ֻ߽֮󣬺Ŵյ޷Ŵ
¸迿ͬʱﵽʱ򣬺Ȼȥ¸԰ݣȴ˵Ļ
¸֪ҹڳһֽţԲһоˡ
˺ݵĻ¸һݡ
Ȼӿ˶ԷƺѯʶԷʲô˼
ֻʵ¸軹׵ģϾ²Է϶ûʲôô㡣
Ȼ¸͵˶ԷĴ𰸣˵Ҳʲôû
ҵȵľһ죬ʼѧΪľ֮ǰǰ𡣡
˵˶յݣҲ޷Ŵ
ȴĸոպãܲóκݵͬʱȴ÷¸ޱ
Ϊľһֱӽɲзϣɨءôڴɡ
˵֮󣬺ݾͺһĹЦ
ֺ˺ü˵˰ȫΧȴŲһ£÷¸Եѵ
ʱһֱѧһϾ֮ʱԼ游ҲؼҼҪһرȵľǽ졣
ڵĺݿ˵֮Ҫǰ¸˵ЩĿĲΪƻǳ
ʵϻΪʵ̫þöԷ׼Ҳûʲôô
ϾڼȻѾվ̨Ҳֻдȥһѡ
ڸеԸͬʱ־Լܹ¸˵Щȫ֡
Ҳֱӽ¸ɲзϣմﵽԼҪĿġ
ʵŸҰģҪĳֱ֮ӽ¸ɱ
Ȼȴû뵽Щ뷨˿ա
ЩѧһЩ˼֧֣ȴûܴܷ¸衣
¸ڵһ̣ݷŭĵɴ۾
ԼµĶȻڲϵʧ
¸裬ʲô
ʱ˿̵ĺԭӣȴ𽥱ı
ʤѶҲֻһԱ֮֮ѡ
-

263 

Ȼ˵ҪŪɲзϣҾͲһҲӦǾ仰
˷¸仰֮󣬺ݷ˷ŭĺС
Ȼţȫ¾Ѿʧȥ
ЩڴʧͬʱȻͬзһĲܹκηӦˡ
ʱ򣬷¸ԼʵѾûκε
ܹϵݵĶ󲿷ֹͻϵ
ȻǸͲźɫ徿ʲô˼ġ
ϾܹüҪڴˡ
ȻȺΧⳡ飬ȴȻʲô
źѲǺ
ȻһȣǲûѧԺǰȴѧԺﲻȺѧԱܹΧۡ
ǡҲΧһϾҲܾԶ˵ҲǷǳпͷġ
οһαʮּңȺȽϸ꼶ѧ˵ȻҲĿġ
˵ˣǵҲɿýζ
˵ıܵܣȻҪġ
ĵܵǰѾˣȴһֱٳû뿪
߿˵ǻûü뿪ʱע⵽һĻ
˲һźŵĵʲôȴԴޱȵϤ
ϾǺƲù
Ȼ¸ʮСĽÿһγȥҪлСݡ
ҾûݵĻı֮ǰϾһûӴļǰչ¶ͷǡ
Ψһһǰ¶ĻᣬȻҲʱע⵽
Ȼڵ۶ǰɱҵˣ֮ǰǻЩ̨
Ŀ֮£ȻҲֱܹӾӦ
ȷ˶Է֮󣬷ɿ뿪
žͨͬɸ봫һİϢؼңҪɢҡ
ؼڵõϢ֮ȻҲûʲôԥһʱ֮ھͰϢٴδҺƼҡ
ϾغǼͥ⣬ǵĴүȫ⡣
֮ǰǼҵĴүǱԷ˸ǵ۶Ȱͣɥˡ
ɺñѪˣǵȻҲᵱСӵСС֣Բŷǳӡ
ΪΨûаϢңΪ֮ǰּҲ͸¶֮ǰ
ӶԷƺԴ硣
ټҲʮַ㣬ҲǱţȻȻҲͽ֮ų⡣
Ҳܿȶϣ׼ͬʱѧԺԺʩѹ
İɣƼؼãҵĺͬһͬ飬ҼҵȻҪشү𣡡
˵⻰ƼҼ˵Ҳʵ
οһҪģؼҺƼұߵ΢Щ
ʱԵǽ˵˼ûôϡ
Ǳض֮ͬʩѹҲܹӳɹʡ
ҲԸⶦһҼҲͬ
ãλֿѼȻԸؾԼȮл
˵ﻰѣҳݡ
ؼҼƺҪлƼҼһǰ
ҼҲϽǰסؼҼ֮͵ѯʡ
ȻԸϾȱٷӡأʲô뷨𣿡
뷨ȻеģؼɫϣλܹҹͬѧԺʩѹǽС
뷨֮Ƽ׷׻⡣
Ȼ˵Ļǿǩţջһɣ
Ǿ˺顣
ѧԺԺյҪǽ¸źȻǲΪ
ЦôˣҪѧԺˣȻѧԺѧȻҪҲ
ѧԺԺڽӵźĵһӦ
ѧԺʦ֪֮󣬶Ծط׷˴Ĵָ
ҲԸѧԺԭ򣬸ԺӱҪӲȺѧԺκεί
ѧҲ⡣
Ժһӣܿͽ˹ȥ
׷˵ĶǱϵĿмȴ͸¶Ųݾܾζ
ȫƪ±Ҳֻĸֶѡ
ˡ
յ˻ŵұڴ
ΪѧԺҵʩѹ֮»ᾡˣٵľ͸ǻš
Ȼڽӵ˻֮ȴֶԷȻǾܾǵ
ⲻɵõǾЩޣȴҲ޿κΡ
Ͼ֪ѧԺ֮ܳΪһѧԺҲûκɵġ
Ժ˿˫ޣͨͨǷ켫
-

264 ˼

Ҫ˵ѧԺԺǿɵǸ
֮ͦıֱҲܵʱ
޵˴ڣѾﵽ˶ʵļ
һġ
ԾͬѧԺʩѹ
ֻҪԺᶨʾ˵ĻǾ֣ҲܹԺô
ȻҲͶԺµѧԺӲֱܹӶѧԺµѧ
ǲò˶ŷ˵ҲǱŽҪȥȰ˵һҡ
ϣ֮ȥĻ»Ҫһص
ؼҼĻ֮ҵ˶˳˼֮С
أ˼ǡ
ƼѯʣؼĿڡ
ȻһǷԸˣӪĻĴ干ͬѧԺʩѹпѧԺһϸ£
齻Ұɡһ˼֮Ҽ˵
ҼҵĹϵҪ΢һЩԸΪǵļƻһԡ
ǾҵϣҼ
ľˣĴЭĻܹ֮⣬֪Σ
⻰ƺ˼ȴ顣
˵ʵΪǸҲԸͽ顣οҲֻ֮ѣܹƶԷֱӽˣˡѴˡ
ⲻǿЦ
˲֪飬˵Ͱй۲첢ȷġ
͸˵¸˽ףʱ侮ʯ
ԼΪ룬ҲⱾ
Ҫ֪¸Ǳ⼸Ҷ˵ҪֵǮĶࡣ
æǲĻҲҡ
ҲûȨΪ˾ͰԼ·ϡ
˷¸ĻǾǳ׵ˡ
Ϊûκһɿǵ֮ΪУǶԷԲԼЧ
ʱԼɾǴϾҪһ⣬ôԼδЦ
˵嶼Դ˲ƵĻ
ǾԼ©淽ҲԼ
ҼһˣⷽȨףĻǷǳġ
Խֻ˼һ£ܹԴһŵо
ֵٴһĻ޿ķ¸ҲֻͶԼһߡ
ϾҲЫҪһ򾡡
ôĴ֮УٲȻֻʣһѡʱ¶ԷֱͶ뻳
ֻĽȻƻԼȴûдﵽҪĽ
治ǿǣһ˿ǲĵѯһ¡
һȻѾһģջ΢Цҡҡͷһξܾ
ŶԷѾȻʱ˺ƤȻҲͲܹⷽƽˡ
ֻ뿪ȥ֮
鲢ƼؼƣԼҪġ
ûдɣȻǾûӡ
ҵľܾҲȻģԼȥˣҲܹΪ˶˵Щʲô
ȻȴԶôġ
ȻûɵĻδ㣬ԼӦΪ˶һ۲Ŷԡ
˵ˣȰҼǵһμƻûгɹȴûзѡ辶
Ҳ֮УΪС˵һ档
Ȼ֮ǰļƻûдɵĻָô죿ǷҪҽȫгأ
˹ܼѯʣһЦͶȻܾ
ȻˣȻץĻ粻ѯʣֱԼ֡
ȻѾԶԶسߣԷҲؼҵĺӣҺ޹ϵ
ȴ鵱Լ£¶˾ġ
ò͸ɴֱӻٵֱӵķѾˡ
ʱ沿ѾɭֲѾûǰǴͰ
Ϊ˵ֶμΪСˣһо˵һ㡣
׿˵һҪڵòԷ»ٵ˷¸һС
ֻνĻٻԷҲҥһЩǵĶ
ϾЩȫŵģտҲʲôĽ
ڰרûѶԷŵŴ˼£Һֹɢ˳ȥ
¸һʱ֮䵽˷˼⣬ߴӶŶ֪ǵһλܹƳƷĵʦ
-

265 

Ȼû뵽ٶڸԷ˼ŵͬʱȴҲ˷¸һչԼĻᡣ
ⶼǺˡ
Ҷ֪Ʒжôı
ԶһܹƷĵʦȻȫǴߣҪ׷׽֮¡
ΪǿĶӵ۶ĸ˵̬Ⱦܹó
оǮҲһܹõõĶɼ̶ȡ
ڶԷһѧԺѧԱȷ˶Է֮ǶԴΨһ뷨
Ҳ˵Ҫƴȫõ¸裬ֻҪ¸ΪĻԸ⸶һС
ȻŶĳЩ˵ȷ㲻ʲôܵ׷˵ֱǾϲֵ顣
Ȼ¸ԴȴǱĥģΪĻôпܾͻ᲻ϵܵԼԼƸ롣
󲿷ֵʱֱӳԾܾҲֱӵˡ
÷¸üǲͣȴţȴȶԸʱҪۡ
ȻʱȴһͳԸ¸һ˳ݡ
˵Ӧ˼ң֪֮󣬵һʱϵѧԺԺ
Ҫ˵ݵĻǵʦЭĻ᳤ͬѧԺԺʵΪá
˲ϵŷ¸Լʱ򣬷¸Ȼ԰ԼѧԺžһС
Ӧȴ᳤ͨϵϷ¸裬˳ضԼ
ѧԺϷ˼Ǹͬѧ뵤ʦЭᣬҲףõĹޡ
ӦϵĻԺȻǵ˵ͷ
˼һ£ȻܾԼ
˵û뵤ʦЭĻȻǺôࡣϣ㻹һ˵ԸĻǿȡ
ȻҴǿ˵顣ӦӦ
ǾԺź˷¸˵Ժӣҳ˷¸裬˵Ҫд̸֮
¸費سԼӣÿԺرĻ
ǳòԺԼӦʺ֮󣬾ͬŲ̬ǵĶ档
Ӧڿ˷¸ĵһ֮󣬾;ʮֵĶԼθڡ
ԼտʼĴ㣬ҲûйԥֱӰԼĵ뷨˵˿ڡ
СҾǵ۶ʦЭĻ᳤һǰ㣬һЩҪ˵ġģҾԲǿһжԼᡣ
ԭӦϣ¸һӡ
Ӧĵ˵ͷҲʮϲԷ̬ȣֱӿżɽ
һǴŵʦЭֿԼģ˵Լͬġ
Ŷ¸̰ڳһܸȤӣ͵ЦţٴοӦϡ
ϼ뵤ʦЭĻֻҪƾŵʦЭݣĴߴӶŸôȻȻҲͿ԰ǵвȡ
˵Ӧͣһ£ּ䡣
ΪڵʦЭУǶĸ壬ȴӴĵʦЭӡǶвȣҲûκô
õĻᣬ¸ȻϲĴӦ
ڴҲʮģֻҪܹЩвȣһܹһƽȵԼҪ󣬲κһ
ĿǰΪֹϣġ
ڰ͵ˣҲΪ¸еˡ
Ǿ¸ɹؼ˵۶ʦЭᣬΪ˵ʦЭһԱõ˵ʦʸ֤
֮Ȼ˳İĴߴӶŵвȡ
ͬСһľٶ˿գӵǶʮĽ
Сԭֻһн׶ѣ
ڵõ˶Էʵλ֮ӦԵ΢һЩȡ
ֻĻȴȫûвζԷ˼Ҳû˿ƲԷĳɷ֡
෴ǶԶԷĽ֮ߵʵеֵľȡ
ûֻһн׵ʦѡ֮ǰܹͳЩƷǳұ֣֮ûа
˷¸ĲĻӦϿȥּ
ֻн׵ʦѣȻ֮ߵʵɼСֱⷽţ
ӦϵĻֹάԵĿޡ
֮ڷ¸Ըе£ڵʦЭǰչʾ˼Լ
û뵽ǣһССн׵ʦȻܹ߽׵ʦ޷ƳɹļƷҩ
ټʼմڷ˼⣬Դһ̱˳ȥŪǽ֪
һʱ֮ҪȥƲ¸ֱӳǡ
-

266 ؾ

ʵЩ˻ǷǳĶģϾһжǿѨ硣
ڼ֤˷¸ʵ֮󣬾и˰ϡ
ҲвٵҪõһͬʱ̽¸ĵϸ˶ʲôҲ鲻
ʼմڷ˼ķ¸裬ȻȻҲΪǲ෹̸Ķ󣬲ҷǳ۷׷ס
֣ôͺƾճֵһǲϺܾˣȴҲûϢҲޱ
ǺޱôܳΪн׵ʦأ˵ǲܵ顣
ҲֵĵطǵϢͨĺܣ뾡˷ҲûܵõİϸʲôҲ鲻ѽ
ĶԻڸѾ˲ֹһˣҶǳҪŪƾճֵģܹƳƷҩн׵ʦǺηʥ
ȻմҾǼԴҲûκһܹ鵽һǰϢ
ĳ鲻һʱ֮˽֮С
һգ¸ƳһöƷҩҲܿĴ˵۶
ڸе־ȵͬʱֲòͬʱֶҪ̽ϸˡ
Եҩʮʿ˶̸飬ǺܿʵĴԡ
ûв鵽Ǹн׵ʦһǰĵϸ𣿡
˵ǸҡҡͷȻûˣҪȻҿɲѸˣ
Ļ˽˼ȴҲ벻һܹĽ
Ǿĳ˼У˾ͺܿԼ뷨
еһ˾ͺ񾪾ʲôһȻ̧ͷ
Һ鲻Ծĵط
˼뷨ǼæͶȥڴĿ⡣
ȻȴһأͺҪһ˶ʱò
θˣǲʲôϽ˵һʲôõͻƿڣҲܲⵤʦĵϸ
˱˵ı֮󣬽ֻͷЩ˼ƵĿ˿ڡ
ʵҲûʲô̫뷨ֻǷһЩԼˡ
һô˵ٿ⸱ӣ˾ǲżҲҪżˡ
ʲô뷨˵ʦĵϸþˡȻԼ뷨ôϽң
ǾǡҲ׷׸
ҶһӣȻҲ׾ôһ¡
ֻȻ˺Լĵ뷨ȻҲû˵Ĵ㡣
ǽֻ˼һֱ֮˵ԼĿ
ǴҶѾ˺ܾʦĵϸȴҲûб͸¶ǲ鲻˿𣿡
⻰һ˼ͷ׷׵ͷӦ͡
˶ӣ˲ɤӣż˵š
пʲôĵӣһֻǰˡⲻܹǰ˸𣿡
Ļ˽ֻ˼һ£ͷ׷׻Ȼƺͬ뷨
ȷİ뷨ĻôһоͶѾ˽͡
ʵһƽ֮ȻǾ˴
Լһн׵ʦȴܹƷҩ˿˸еˡ
ټϸͲ鲻˿ϸһ㡣
ٶöҲǸͲ鲻һǰϢ
пܵľǳһĵӣһγ½ֻΪԼѡ
ҲΪӴҲŸͲܹ֪֪ס
Ͼôһص㣬ȫ˽Լʵһˡ
ֲأѹĴߴӶŶٳûж֣Ҫֵȥϸͱ˸Ŀȫ˰ɣ
һ˵˷׷׾ʵܾӡ
۲յóһȷнͬʱһߵķ¸ȴûвѾΪ˲෹̸ˡ
Ϊʱ˿̵ѧԺҲʵǴæµ״̬ȻûȫȴµĻ
ͬѧǣһε֮УѾǰֻܾûôУܾʼ֮ǰѧԺΪµĻ
˵ǻ˵ѧУⰲţΪһλǳС͡
֮ǰ˵ֱС
ΪȥأҲǳ׳ۣǲԱȴ֮١
ѧԺ涨ֻǰʮѧвʸ񣬲ʵҲΪ˴ҵİȫ롣
˵һεǷǳ޵ģҲֻʵǿͬѧſԽһλؾ
ܾһʼ֮ǰһؾǰʮͬѧв롭
Ϣ֮˽һƬȻϲҲб
-

267 ɱ뱻ɱ

Щ򱯻ϲԱУȴһ˰мƻʲô
õϢĺݣȻǾ˵ȫѹġ
ȻĶϵˣһμȻѧԺԼᣬûпԼ״ô
Ϊ˵ȫã෴ѧԺԼһֵɱ¸衣
¸裬͵ưɡһؾû˰ˣҿ֪ɱ㣡
ʱ˿̣ڰĺϸһ˿̣ȥȫûз֮ǰ顣
ڱǳҲûеõκκôȴɲ
Ҫٴ뷽跨öԷܵͷܹԼܵЩ˺ûа׷ѡ
ǺȴȫûЩȡĽֲˡ
ڼƻʲôʱԺָ˻Ӧ
ΪһѧԺɽؾһεѵһĻᣬԵȻܾһȵǰʮ롣Ҫⳡͬѧ˽Կɱ꼶ͬѧв룡
Ϣ֮󣬺Ƭ̵ĳ
ҲҲ֪˵Ǻǻ֮ǰмõֻᡣ
Ȼһζ˼ලԼ᲻ԼͲö֪ˡ
ҲûаϣϾҪĻǼƻ澳ан¸衣
˵˵¸ߣȻǲһεĻˡ
ѧԺһβܽһصؾеõĻԼʵһһΡ
õĻ˵ͻͽҲΪ
˵һĺûᣬȻҪεİ
Ҫȥμӣ
ԯ俴ŷ¸赭ѯʣʵ˱Ҫ˽¸أ
¸ʱ˿ʲô뷨ΪȻ
Զԯ˵һʡ
¸Ҳһ㣬ǽֻ΢̧ͷĶԯ΢Цһ£ص˵ͷ
ʱһզզξ˳
¶ɲңȻǸһôõᣬҿǾԲŹģ
ϸͳһǰʮѧԱһѡ˲һεؾ
ڽؾ֮ǰ¸ԯȻһģξҲ˿û¡
˵澳֮Ǵĸ룬ʱҲһͷת򡣡
˳侲Ļһ̲סͷѯ
ʲô˼
ξӹ˻ͷ˵Ƿһͬ룬ǣҲûκôɻᱻɢֻܹܲ˵ʲôʱǻҪԵֺͼɣ
ĻҲϿɵĵ˵ͷ
һֻ㶵ģƺûзӦ
ֻؾһŵ˽⣬ŶӵҲɲ
ǲܸվţǻһۣᶨһ±˴˵񣬾һѧԺɽŵؾ֮С
¸ֻԼǰһڣһת۾ʱѾһƬڰɭֵõص㡣
һԼΧȻԯξʧ
֪طĺδ»Լͷ
Ƿ¸һ˼ֱǰһ߹۲ܵĻһοٵҵԯǡ
ǵȫѹ򣬿үҰѷ¸ɵȻһ澳֮Уֱ䵥˵ģ
˵⻰Ǻݡ
˴ָѣû߼֮󣬾Ϳǰƺڻǰķ¸衣
˵ʱʱ죬ֱͳ˻׼˵ķ
Դһε֮ĶһЩʤĻ¸ͲܹĻ°ɱ¸衣
οʮģֵĻᣬôֱӴ
ȥͬһͨʯ飬ȴġ
ڶԷע»ĺԣͻֱӽ
ţ̲סٴֵһЦ
¸裬ڡ
˵ֱ֮ӽĶ׼˷򣬶׼˷¸ĺԡ
Ȼȴ͹˷¸ķӦ¸ȻƶͲԼвԾĵط
һǶûдԼʱ򣬽֮ɡ
¸ͷһźݲĵطȥ֣Ҫˣڱ
ȫû뵽ԼļƻʧܣҶԷԼķλ
Ǵʱ˿̾ʹ˵ôǷ¸Ķ֣
Ƕ
ɵģͱ¸ſˡ
͵¸Ҫɱ˵ʱ򣬲ԶȴһˣΪ׵顣
-

268 ȸ״

˲Լͬ飬һԼйڡ
¸Ƕݵһ㶣ûӦ˾ͺݵλ
ڿ֮ҪǱʡ
ֻת˼һ£뵽һܹȫԼܹ˺¸ķӡ
װһӣʼȸ״
شӾ¸ҪɱڣҸԹ޳𰡣
˵֮󣬾ֱӴӵĽ¡
Դһε֮鱾ͶԷ¸蹢ڻҲͬһԸ
һ⸱ӣʱԼһĽڡ
ǸϽװһŭӣָŷ¸裬ҿŭɶ˵ţҶͬѧһΪؾͿԺΪ
ʼոǼˣһ֪Сࡣ
Ȼɷ˵ұſֲ´Ĵ㣬ʼһ塣
شүֱӽڴնɱԸѵ˭ҪɱͬһѧԺͬѧأӦõ³
ѽ٣ؾû˼ǵһһ˸ѸˣѧԺҲ޴׷
϶һͷǳƻС뵽ķӣǸɴ֮֮ˣ
˵壬Ǹһ˿Цݡ
һѾ˺ܾˣȺСָԼһûʵĽڡ
Ȼ˵Ļʱָʱ
͸ɴĴǰ¸նɱ
¸ȴʼһ޹ôҲ벻ԼڱоȻ˵˿ƽƻ
ѲԼǵ⣬ֻ˵Լ֮ҲɱǸСǱǸˣ
֪Ϊʲô¸ǾһκεΣա
վԭûκεľٶ׼
ȻҪԷ¸谵ԶֵʱԶȴˡ
ά˹һֵܣҲ֪ؾпٻϵġ
˵ʵڵģҵĶֵǲԸġ
Ϊҵλؼ֮ϣʹǲĴңȴҲϴ϶֮֡
ټά˹ѹԼͷϣѳΪӰ
ԼĵܵߺһһҲǳά˹
ֻƺҪǰֹԼĶȴرĺ¡
Ϊؾ֮УټС࣬ԵҲòһĴ
ڶ˵Է൱Ͷһ
ϾԼռƣڿԽ¸裬ԽֱֵӸɵ
ʮֵô
ȳؾ֮ԼȺСǲ˵ȻҲͲб׷Լͷϡ
˵ά˹һνؼҵĸ󻼡
һҵĺ֮УΪɫġ
Ҳûܹҵεˡ
ܹʱԼĸҲΪԼе
Ϊؼ˵ǰһġ
¸裬û°ɣ
ʱһѾԼĸߵ˷¸ߣҿʼ鿴¸
Լĸոոϵһ֪ԷȻ۸¸˼
鿴һֿۣ˿Լˡ
һԼؾȺС࣬ɸǾӢ
ҪȻȺҲҸԼһͬؾ
ĻҲǴ´ࡣ
Ͼ˶ڳƵĻҲһܹһ򾡡
һӳԼͷޣ˵ǾԲⱾ
ݰѹӵϷݳ˸쾡£ʱҲʼû˵ҼװԼĴڸзǳ͵ӡ
ϾһԸڻңܹǶԸ˷¸ĻԼܵЩίʲô
ֻԷûκξӣԺҲһЩģֻð顣
شүɵСһ㣬¸һֻԼޣкܶ˶Ϊ԰ˣ
в⸡һ˿ߺޡ
Ϊ֮ǰҲЩ¸ǸԼ޺ҪҲ˵ӡ̡
ڿе֮󣬺ôһ¡
֪ԷĻȻҲͲԥˡ
İɣǰҲⷽԹôܲע⡣
˵֮תͷԼȺС࣬ҶǷԸ
˭һǱȻҪƴȫĽһ򾡡ĻؾǾͿѧԺߣҲûκܹˣ
ȺЩηά˹ݵģϾѧԺпɶ쵱ˡ
Ȼⷬ˼Ķ־
ͺǵҪ֮ѧԺȫ˵һ
-

269 ӹһ

Ҳȷû˿֣һʮȫĳԼԼޡ
߽ϣȥ׺ޱȡ
Ҫ£ʮټʮͷԼ֣ôܻ򲻹ǿҲǵвǵģ
һ߿վǶˣһЩݵ˵
һѾ˻ᣬһҪ¸ڴˡ
磡
һȽά˹˵һֳء
Ȼǰһҷ緶ǿĳȴ̲סһЩļ
ά˹飬ԼܵܵǵĺǻͷԴοĿԼĵܵܡ
û£Ҫǵʵҷ¸Ҳǵ֮һܹƥС
ά˹Ļһͷ¸趼ᶨĵ˵ͷ
ͺ񿴲ǵⷬһ֮£ֱӴԼȺһϡ
Ҫǽ
ά˹ĳҲɵõһ
飬㻹̫ˣͲûĻȥ֮ҷ𣿡
һЦǱųȥ
˵֮ǾҪά˹һˡ
ά˹һͷ¸˿ĳȻǻһɫʹȫԸǶԿ
ȻǶԼƽΪԼѹά˹ԻСڸԼ
Ƕά˹˵ѾǸĪӣͺǾά˹ҲӦһ
ʣµʮˣȻûȴ˶ڣ׷Χ˷¸һߡ
Χڷ¸ߵȻҪһһЩΪ˶֪һǳԼ޵飬Բ
ʱֻԼޣὫһ򾡡
ֻ벻鷢ˣһͷǳ֮࣬һʮ
ټÿ˵Լޣֱ൱ڴȺս
˿һʱҲûмԼԼ޵Ĵ㣬ȴǴĸ¡
͸ӵŭˣҲԽԽ
Ͼ˶˵ɸжд̡
Ҫȫǹ񫡣
ȻǾȻͲϵĿãûκεƣôܹԴ˶أ
첻ǣĲݣ
˵֮ͺǾǿͻһĴԼĻͳȥΪĵҩ
ʵϵԽã˺ͻŲѵľ
¸ƳóĶ֮󣬲ɵõɫһ
Ϊһβ֪ǴŪģʱ󾳽ĵҩ
ó֮һ£ʱӶ˶ڡ
һ˫ʵʱЩ⡣
ԭǿǴƽֵˣھҲһĶˡ
Σ¸촽һ뵽Сڡ
һҲҪСٻˡ
Ȼָշһ̣ȴ֡
¸裬ǻҪٻǸ޵еԼѲһ׼֮ǰĿҿǳԹˣһ׼
˵֮Сдʣʲôŵһںɫķ֡
ãǽ
¸һȴѾˡ
Լԭ˯ŵСڣӾͺǱεסһôٻҲɺô
һĻ飬ϸ˿Цݡ
ұ֮ǰҪĶ̲࣬סͣսһĶ
벻ɣһ׼ģȫҪһ򾡣ôܲЩ򣿡
ûһĻͰ׼ˣһֱŻᡣ
벻ȻԼһĪܹ֮ǰЩԹһ˵Ļᡣ
ЩѪҲһֱϡ
»ᷢͻȻ״ڵײԼǹڣȻ׼Щ֮ûþó
һһҪնݳֻҪȫʧϣҾܹĹ°뱲ˣ
˵֮ЦøӲ񣬲ҺʱҪֽһ򾡡
ƽһ򶨵ά˹ɵõüͷϸ۲ܵ״ζһνѡ
Ϊ侲ĿҪ¸ˣ˼֪˼ʲô
ֻŽļƻ
Ц֮󣬲žԽȺ˻Լ
ϵЦݣһֱֲ̬ͦҪǾ
ۿϾҪ䵽ǵ˵ϡ
ǧһ֮ʣ¸ȴо
ά˹һң
£ֵŷ¸裬Ǿŷ¸迿˹ȥ
˾ʧԭأץҲץκӰӡ
ԭǷ¸轫ҶֵܴԼؾһ١
-

270 ɱ

Ҷֵܷʲôûоȴֻһת
ǵĿ֮ٴλָʱѴһжĵط
ʲôطǸղ˲𣿡
һһʾȣҿʼԴĴ鿴
Ȼά˹ԼĵܻܵҪĶࡣ
ֻϾҲֻһ̫ڳĴкĳҲûмʶģͬҲԼĵܵһĴ鿴
Ȼû˵Щʲô̫ھĻеɫȴ
ĳ¸費ɵ÷
鷳ǰĺ΢һº𣿡
⻰ֵǸеЩΣɵõȴɲɵõĴ
ڷӦԼʲôطˣղ鼱֮з¸Ҳ˵жĸۡǷ¸ǽġ
ȻжôҲͬ
ȫ¿¶ûмܹӵؾˡ
ǿ˷¸Ŀ⣬ɵõĴһЩӣ˵ʵڵľһЩССĳݡ
һĻķ¸裬˸ոս˴־ȵıĴ̽ӡ
ǲɵõﰵ˼ǷҪ˲ɱ֮ڡ
ϾԼҪĻǾ;Բ˽鴫ȥ
Ȼǧһ֮ʣ˴
ⶼΪΣ˼ľ
İԼ鶶¶ȥĻôԼĻɵӰ»ԼܹƳ߼ҩн׵ʦݸ
Ǹʱʲô鶼ԼԼҲܾܲͶؾбŲ
ĻŵĻһ÷¸ʮΪѡ
ȺĶĥĲˣֵҲܵĻôһ¡
ǾͲͣĴ˵̬
ά˹ȻҪԼĵܻܵҪһЩ
׷¸費һ̫ϲҡˣȻһֱؾĴڣҲһɡ
Ĵڣ˿̽ĻҲ鷳
ά˹˼һ֮󣬾Ͻ¸̹Լ⡣
ԼԼĵܵܰµĻὫɱڡ
¸裬ģҺҵܵԸԼ֤˵ȥģ
ڶԷԼ뷨ͬʱ¸Ҳָ̬ܿ
ȻԷѾ֤˵ȥˣǵƷ¸軹ܹŵù˵ġ
Ǵ˽ɱڵͷ֮󣬷¸ֲЩļ
Ϊ˸ղʱ򣬱ýӡСڡ
ܾǾ԰ȫģǷ¸Ҳҵ˻ᣬ۾ַ󣬿ʼԼСڵӦ
ֵþϲǣСڵӦδʧҲܹܵõ
СĿǰƺֻ˳˯֮ԸղûҲΪԵʣȴûʧ
¸趼ҪϲˣΪҶֵڳӲûб
ȻȷСڵİΣͲҪΪȥ
ҲܹʱСȴͻȻ˵ˡ
ˣǲٻң
ӦСڴ¸ʮּǸϽӦ̨Сڴϵ
СڣѾָǱʲôû°ɣûб㣬ȻǸӶ˽ӡˣ
û£СǱߵ򶨣Ҳصģͺáҵʵָ۷壬ССĽȫˣ
ûжСʲôв¸赱Ȼʮϲ
ȻСڽȴЩɣƺҪ˵Щʲôȴֲ˵һ
ڷ¸еֵͬʱȴû׷ʣֵʱ䡣
͹ϵСҲԼԼޣǷ¸Сڸǻ顣
ͬҲƽȵģ£ԷѡĻԼ˵Ȩ
ֻСҲȷʵûʲôҪŷ¸裬˵ֻΪ˵˶Ǻá
ĵûʲô⣬ֻȷʵһЩѲҰﲻˡ
⻰¸˿ΪʲôݵĻҪԼ˵ԼõʲôõϢ
ûκεĹϵжСԼӡʱȴǲܹԼһ֮
ûϵҲùңָܹͺá
ʱ˿ȺˣĿǶսе˴ǰʧʱѾôһ¡
ֻȴܹݽܷ¸˴ǰƾʧʵԾͶԼĸԸ
ҲҪ뿪ҾͲ澳л˲ƣɴǰɡ
-

271 ؾر

˵ʵڵģҲֻǶԴ˲ѣԲҪӲͷƤȴ
ôܲף¸ϴرԲܹӹһһأ
µȺ࣬ΪȻǾĬĬĵȴš
Ǿһȴ˼գȴҲûһƬӰ˵ȵЩͷˡ
شүǼȥҲǸ취ǲܹ˲ƣһƬʧˣ뿪ȥط
˻һ˸Ÿ
ҲôõģǼȴȥĻȴڱϢȥָǸ״ɾͲˡοҲûʲôã治ȥĵطҡ
ǵĻʱ˿̵Ҳ΢һЩͷö
ȻҲ벻ʲôõܹ¾İ취
׾ٵķŹǵĻµȵؾ֮ǾҪ군ˡ
Ǳһ˿ķʲôҲûʲô֤ݡ
ƾһ֮ʣҲǵв˶ڣʱ򲻻ǰٿĪ硣
˵ǻûĶʲô캦飬ֱӱǶˣôǾ͸ܹΪ˶ʲô
ҰοȻһЩͻ
ðɣȻ˵ĻҲòˣ뿪
ٴתط¸ֵߡ
Ϊ˱ȫܵвԾؾɡǷģʱٱҪܶ࣬ԼãҲûйȥ೤ʱ䣡
˵¸ؾȻֵܶһۣ˱˴еϲ
Ҫ֪±ѧԺ꿪һεؾҪΪϧ
Ǿά˹һ׷˸طֱ붨Ǿץúõһ
òܹĺ£ȻŹˡ
⸱ӣ¸Ҳεҡҡͷ
ԼҲһǸĵطȻ붨
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ץҪϽͬʱȻʱ˰վ˶ãͺһ޷԰Ρ
ȻҲһСĵģɵĺ˵ȴǺ
Ϊһ붨˷ǳʱ䣬һ۵ʱؾȻѾȥꡣ
һǵһѹģȻ۾һʱ򣬲ŷԼĸͷ¸軹δѡ
Ȼһһµʱ֪ڵĻζʲô
֮ʱ䣬Ϊȷǵõ
ܹܵõʱĹȥܾˣæǰڴά˹ͷ¸ŪһЩ
磬ѡ¸裬Ҳѡھǹ˶ˣٳٲȥĻ»ᵢ˳ѧԺؾʱ
ȻʮԣǾһѣ˻Ƿɿл
ǵʵҲһأϾá
Ȼ֪Լ澳й˶õķ¸裬ȴ˲Ծ
ˣܾѾȥ꣬ۺһʵ磬ӦѾȥ¡֮ǰʱڿҪôѧԺؾϾҪرգҪôǡѾرˣ
˷¸Ļֵܶһۣ˱˴еļѹܲԼʲôˮƽ
ά˹ǸϽŷ¸˵Ȼ˵ĻǸϽͳȥɣܷؾرյʱ䣡
¸ͷϿǵҲҹԥֱӴǳԼؾ
ʵѧԺؾȷ֮ǰͱر˵ģԯ˳ȥ֮󣬳ٳûм¸Щļ
¸ôһ£ѾˣǲؾҲˣڼȻѾˣȴٳٲؾϾҪѽô죡
ξЩǵĻ֮ԭΪĵԯüͷ
£ȥ
û˷Ӧһͷؾҿ򶨵治ͣѰŷ¸Ӱ
ξҲǲɵõüͷؾ𽥱պϣȻҲΪ˶ļ
ȻҲܵķ¸裬ǳǶԣҲȥˣҲǴĸԯҶѣԾ档
ֻΪ˶еȵǣԯ侹Ȼһȥ
ؾų׺£ʱûг
ʵԯܹ¸ټģеĵǣǽξ֮Уȴûз¸Ϣ
ľǣܹĸܵõ¸
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272 һ

ȻͣѰ֮󣬷¸ڴؾ䵽ԭ鹥ǵλá
ڷ¸ʵһ˲䣬ԯҵܹλλõķ
˸Ӧ֮һǸȥ뻹Ѱҳڵķ¸
ԯά˹һĵһӦǳòĸк
ǲ죬Ҳûʲô˵
ԯȴûлӦֻǿޱƳһۣ͸æ¸͡
ʵҲڸά˹һ˵ģûֵܸܵ𾴵ĸо
Ѿؾʱ䣬ҪȥҪȵˡ
Ϣ֮˽һָֺܿ侲
վߴˣܹѸٻָǣȻĽ취
𼱣Ժ֪飬Բᶪǲܵġ
ؾ׹ر˵ʱ˶һЩļ
Ϊһαĸ˶÷ˮҪô֮ǰѧԺСȻΪˡ
ʼһ԰й۲죬ܿҲ֪Ϣһæʱװʹֵվ˳
ʵʵؾˡѾˣΪʱѾҲŲ顣
˻ȻһƬξһվ飬ɱɣûģⱨӦģ
ξվ˵֮󣬸ԯͷ¸ͬһԺӵĺѣԼСӵ˶ŭĿӡ
ЩĽֵܵѧҲɫѿȻҪӵ侲һЩ
Ͼ֪Ȼô˵ĻҲֲ
Ҳˣô˵Ҳֲͷϡ
Ȼһʮʮ٣ȴζҺܿʹҼ
ʲôд
ڵ֪Ϣ֮ĵһʱ䣬Ҽİ𣬲ҿʼ
Ҫ֪ά˹һСΪڵˡ
οӣôܲں
˵൱ڰĶˣΪĴﻹǸߵλңȻܲˡ
УҪȥѧԺԺʦ
˵⻰֮ͣظϵѧԺ
Ȼʱ˿̵ԺҲѾõϢҼǰѾôһ¡
ֹ˵Լ뷨
żѾŪȥˡҲܹܵõĸӶؾ֮УȫδܵӰ졣
ȫûܵӰ죬Ҳ֤ԼҵɻţҼɫȻи˲١
ֺʶʲôٴüͷ
˵⻰Ҳûκôûʲô취ֱܹӽŪ
ȻУԺĪĵ˵ͷϾؾǻġ
⻰ҼڳҲΪ˶оȡ
ԭԺ˵ؾǻģһǿƶġ
Ժÿ꽫һζǺķѧԺĺɽ
ֻܹ֪Ὺ
⻰һ˼֪Ǻá
ȴǳԶһ֮󣬾ֱ̧ͷԺ˵Լ
Ǽӵͻ澳ĳڿɡܾڳ⼸ҲһܹΪĵģܱȴҪǿ
¸Ѿת˺üˣȻȴҲκεͻƿڣҪǿгȴɱһصš
ȻѰ˼֮ϾͿҪģҾȸǾȻȵؾڿ
һĻʮ˷ܣ˴˶һۣö˵ʲô˶ԷĿѳ
һݵת۾ʱȷܹܵõѾʵ磬ҲǸղǸתõؾˡ
ȻȴҲϤѧԺ
ĶѧԺĺɽ
һһʣҲϽܲ鿴⸽Ļ
ǽٵص㣬ΧȫïޱȵĲҴλÿԸܵõԲȫ޵ѹ
ؾ˳ڣڿ´һɭֵΧĵش
¸軰䣬ͻȻ˸Ұ޵ŭͬʱַ·ֱ
ǲʱ򣬲ŷǸĲԶһֻʮޡ
ȻʮޣؾãʵҪ֮⣬»ҪһЩģ
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273 Ļ֮ɭ

ûʱԥ
̵֣Ȼǳԯ֮ڡ
ȷĻǸ޴ӣΨһĳ·Ӧս
Ҳԥֱǰֻʮ޴
ΪڶԱ˴˰ȫĿǣά˹ȻҪԼĵܵܣԯҪԼİˡ
Դͷβ˵أ¸Ȼȴԯ䱣ĺܺá
Ҫȴÿÿԯ⣬һֻ¸ż
˵ǿȥ¸費£ʵȴԶ
֮ǰؾ֮еʹҲǳȴҲȲٶȿƱ.̬ķ¸裬¾͸Գ
սݣȴԯά˹ƴȫ˸ա
ս֮󣬼򵥵شһ¡
¸֪ѾʺټǾ顣
һȫϤĻҲܹ϶ǺηλǾ⸽¶ټĴ߿˿Լ򵥵ѯһ¡
ԯȻԴûκԥά˹ƻܹԻ⡣
Ծ·Ҳ㲻ʲô⣬ȻҲͬһ㡣
˵ԭҲȫĴ㡣
ҵ֮ǰһֱǴΣ״̬ġ
õİ취ץҵˣѯһ﾿Ǻδ
ǵǺãһһ·֮󣬾ԶԶĿһӶš
ǲɵõǰһһǰѯʡ
Ǻã֮䴳ģ֪﾿Ǻδ
Ӷŵ˻Ǻƿһһĸ˶СӣǾǽΧ
ĻĻ֮ɭ޳ʱǻǲҪϾΣաٿͬƺˣϾʹǳȥ
Ӷŵ˵ˣҪǴ飬¸ȻʮϲģԾ͸ϽͷӦ
ͬʱҲеʮ־ȣطȻŵģȴǵѧԺ֮ң
ֻҪؾ黹ǱȽϺýģһȺӶӦ˴ǳȥȻҲûʲôֵȥǵˡ
ܿǾ˳ĳĻ֮ɭĻ֮ɭŵĻǡ
Щ֪ȥδʱȴû뵽ǵĵȻĻ
˵ĸΪǸߵˣǳҵǣ롣
˵λǴӵ۶ģ۶ȻڶſʵҲ˳ͣǽһǵĿľҪǰĻǵ޳֪λſΣ
˳Ļ˻˴Ե˼
ԭǼƻͣظϵ۶ȥģϾ۶ʵ̫Զˡ
¾ҹԼյظϣҲҪѺܴĹ
ȻĻǳʢȴһ̧Ǽ˵ʵȻҲþܾǾֻܵͷӦ
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Ҫ˵޳ΪλҪԸʮ޶ѾΪ޳ƴĲжôʤ
֮ǰֻޣֻΪǴΧĵشϡ
޳ҲֻһȺͽ׵ҰҪײĻһЩñذ޳
Ҫ˵߽޵ĻҲеģɱϾǶҰޡ
Ҫ˵Щͽ޳ȺӵֱĻǶǺѵġ
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ֻһεƺǸӵϾˣΪǰĸ£Ԯûе
޳ֱһͻƳţۿϾҪУðܵΣ
ôҲˡ
ΣĻȻʮֵ壬ҪԱķʽڵĺƽ
Ȼӡ󣬲ϾҪʵʩʱ򣬷¸ȴͻȻվ˳ֹ
ұ𼱣а취
˵֮ͷų֮ǰһֱԼؾǴ
һͬĺХҰӶԾ˳
Ÿոյ棬һâȫ°
âٴɢȥ֮󣬾Ȼӹâ߳һͷƾпҰϢòӡ
վҲɻ´֮
ȻҶ˭ִͻȻð˵ʱȻȿڡ
ѾӻΪˣѾԻΣ
⻰ȻǶԷ¸˵ģǷ¸ҲͺԼ˴Ĵָ
˷¸ԼӣֽβͶҪ졣
Ȼȴû£һ֮󣬾ͷԸµǶԸ޳
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274 ɽ

ʱȻһЩ棬ЩȴԸı䡣
ͱ˵һͻ޳ɵʧǿɾ޷ġ
ྩ֪Ļʧصͬʱֲɵõİҡ
ҿһΰǵȫû̫ܵӰ죬ʹʧٲأǰԵòôҪˡ
ÿһξ޳ʱ򣬶Ҫǰ׼á
ֻû뵽һε޳ͻྩ޷ǰκδʩ
޳ҹȥܹӭľ棬㡣
ô˵ҪȡԱķʽȡȫ̵ƽһӶûõó
Ͳ޳ͬھõĽˡ
ྩ˼֮󣬵һӦǸϽ¸˱ʾл
λſһ鷳ˣûǰæĻĻǱҪȫڴˡ
ûȷ¸˶ԴӦʱ򣬴ԶͻȻྩš
ˣǵõһʮ־Ϣ
ŶྩɵõüͷĸϢ
ǹ޳ģźԥĻش
ǹⷽ飬ྩڸеӵͬʱֲɵõ˿
ʵʼķӦҪԴѯһȻҲΪ¸ڳ
飬Ҫرܣ޳ⷽȫûرܷ¸ˡ
Ͼ¸豾ԱǼ˶Ϊ޳ԭűԼǿġ
Ϊ޳̤˻ص۶óˣȻҲڴ˹ͣ
Թ޳飬չ
ྩ˵ͷʲôֱ˵ǡ
ྩͬڴ˴ֱ˵Ȼû˿ԥԼ鿴˵鱨ظྩˡ
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һּ
ྩһƱرǵİȫЩӶעһЩ˿ʱһ㱨
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¸ԯȻǷޣڱϷ¸ŮװģڳİסȻܰǼ˰һ䷿
ҲΪֵܵԭ򣬷¸ԯȻûʱճһĴ㡣
ϵʱĸǵߵġ
ྩԴĸӢҲӣټĻǲڲĸķ䡣
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¸׼˯ȽһӾ˴洫Ķ
ֻһ罫һʯͷͶ˽֮Ҳû˶
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ⲻɵõ÷¸üͷ׵˭ҹҵԼ
ҪԼ棬ϻдҪһǰȥ
һ˼һ£ԼҲʲôΣշ¸ջǾӦս
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ʮֽƻòͬɳɹĽҲ˳ȥһ¸ǲͬķ
˵ǵɽҪĸֿ
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275 ɱ

ĻҪĸֱ֮ģû뵽ǣĸȫʮָǿ
Ҳֺһ㣬ȻƾĸСô׾ٵĽһε޳ֵס
һһ֮⣬ʣµ˼˵
ˣһץһɱǵˣ̱ƹʳһεĿġ
ڰй۲õĻֿǰһĻɵõľЩȣ𽥵رúݶ
ɶҵ͹ˣû뵽⼸ʵȻ֮ǿ
ڰ˵һĻ֮ǸĻ־һ
һθֳһɫâ
ûне־
Ǳߵķ¸ԼץѯһЩЧ鱨ȴץƺһЩԾ
ȫ鴤¸跴Ӧôһ£æˡ
Ȼ˼֮˾ֱԭرը
»ݵĸ˺ںɫâǣǽʩչĽ
һгȻʱ򣬷¸ٴǰ鿴
ԭسһ̲Ѫ֮Ԫʧһɶ
ǽʣЩܹ֤已̥Ķ·¸趼ܵ˲ϡ
˻ǲ򵥣Ȼܹɱڵķӣֻ˵ɵ
˵仰֮󣬷¸Լס
ԯҶֵҲ編ơ
ֱӶϵˣȫûκ֤ݣ֪Ⱥ˾ĸɱǵġ
ҲڹϻܹѰˣؾྩ˵Ļˡ
ȥ֮Ѹٻϣֱ˴˲޴֮󣬶ɵõ˿
ϸ˼һ¸軹Щ侲
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˽׵Ļٳʲô⣬ֻһڳ֮£һҲܹ˳ӦŶԡ
ļշ¸Ļڴʲôԭ򣬿ǳɡ
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ණûдϣǸ־˭Ҳ˷¸˵ĺʤģҪھ֮ǰҲ뿪
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鳹׽֮ǰ޷뿪ġ
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ֻ֮Ҫ¸ĻǣֶξͲ
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ȴڿ֮ǰۼĿһӰ
СϷ
¸һЦڴ򿪴ӵһ̣Ѹ˴档
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ôСİϷҲΪǲ̫鷳¸ֻҡͷЦ
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ֶ˵ǵɽҽ뷨׼Ժݶֶνһ򾡡
һҪȥྩĻţǴһЩʧĵط
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ǱƵһΪ޳Ϯϵ˵Ļӡ
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ȻĻ֣ĻӦҲ᱾ֱӳŶԣԷ¸˲ûжԴ̫ں
ҪԴ¸˻ӣ󿴶˶Էеİš
˵ǴʱԾӡ
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276 

ԭ뵽˶Էٴ֣ʱʱ̿Сľ衣
֮ǰѾƻʱܹɹĶȥ
Է׾ٵѣȺ֪˿̲˾Ǿæٴʧڴˡ
εİɱδ죬Ļ׾ЩѰԼȺ»ʱһЩ߳ŭ
ô˴Ȼļ˶ԸˣԳ
ھһɱ֮󣬷¸˰ʱƽƽĹһ졣
ҹصסԯȴһ˷¸ķ䡣
¸ԯһԵĬʱ򣬷¸ܹ׶Էζ
Ҳûйԥֱ˵Լ뷨
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˷¸ĻԯȻͷӦʡ
һ˼ҪҲʱ򵥶ҵ¸衣
뷨ȻǺãֻӦβ֣ҪһЩķӡ
һ˼һܿȷ˱˴˵뷨
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ΪǵĿľΪץǸĻʹһη¸˸Ҫྩֵ뷨ྩôܾܾ
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ֻϴ崺ĵЦ黹
һΪûдκˣѡ˵еԭȻԶ
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ȫûʶõϣҪȦˡ
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ǸȲֻҪ¸߼˵ܣԼͿԽһˡ
˭ãֻҪץǵǾĺ¡
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вãæȥҴʱץ뿪Ҫֱӱץס
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ྩķԸĻȻԴƴӣܿѾ˸ѹ
֪ԼѾʱü˳ۡ
ֻȻû̧ͷǴȴһ˿Ϥĸо
¸Ҳɵõüͷ֪ΪܾƺһЩ̫Ծ
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Ǹ˵ݱ¶ǰʱ򣬷¸ŻȻ
ֲﲻԾȻྩķ档
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ྩ˸ԼһģһҲɵõЩԾ
һ֮󣬾Ϳʼ˼ǰԼʡ
㾿˭
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277 

ྩ˷ӦĻ־һ
ͫײСӾ鶼ЩЩס
ȫµľҲʮּ
ԭĻЩ֣һͬһ
ķӦྩ¸ԯڣ˶־ȣ֪Ϊ¡
ŲǶԴӦǸĻ־Ȼڶݵķ֮󣬱ɺݶ
ȴѾָǣֱӰ˳
ԭһУֻһĽ
ֵͬܣͬĸ
⻰ྩʮ־ȵۡ
ǰˣƺΪμһһϤĸоԭΪԭ
¸ҲԴ겻ѣ;ûô򵥣ȴû뵽ıȻ˸ӵĹ¡
ǸĻ־ͺʼľһ㣬ҴһΪǵոµ硣
ϳ˽ӣĸףͬʱҲҵĸסҵĸײ˳ӣҲȻһɸ˵ݡ
ԭϳȻ飬ھ֮ΪԿƾƾԵʣҲ.
֮ȻԷֻһ.¥ϷӶѣ˵ֵΪ˶ġ
ҲһʮηԼӵˣȻҰˡ
ΪԲ֮.¥Ϸ֮ҲͿһɶ
ϳǷ˾ӵ̬ȫûа֮ǰһҹ.֮·
Ǹ.¥ϷӿҲɹ֮ǰӣûгϳĴ㡣
Ȼһ죬ϳȴͻȻӵһţ.¥ϷӰġ
ʲô˵ѻУ裿ΪѾ£ȴŸ飡
õϢĵһʱ䣬ϳȻŭ
һǰΪԷͬСɣȥĻǰݡ
Լķ֪»һ
ԶԴȻţȻܿ뵽һ⡣
ֻһ˼֮ϵЦݾͱһЩα
Ȼ㲻ʣҲҲ塣
ϳʹһȺ˰Ե.¥㽫˸ӳ
ǵǿٵ.¥ʱϷȴ裬ҽǺӸ˳
ۿžֹҲûκ壬ϳֲ⿪ʼں˺ӵԱ
һ鿴֪ͬһк
ڼ֮ǰԼƷ˱ԼһкΪԼΪġ
ھֶһܹΪԼڽӴˣϳ
Ȼ뷨ȴ˾ӣҪĸӹϺӡ
ú˽ӣԱԼǸƵӵݡ
ˣճСӤͷ棡ھͽ֮һģ΢һЩͼʱүһ£
⻰ڳûκһ˲״˻ʲô˼
ҪĻȻҪ˽ΪǸ֮ӵˡ
ȻʱԼϾҪⶾ֣.¥ϷȻɡ
˵Ļ֮ȫ˸ոӵʹҶϳధ
ˣˣֻһճӤʲô֪͸Ļпͻɥڴ˰
ߣϳһɥڴ˸ãԭͲϣϡһĴڣ㶮ִҪģҲֲң
˵֮󣬾ת뿪
ʵҪӻһѣ֮ӣҲĸֳͬһһҲҪСɸѡ
ϾǶϳǿĻֻҪĶܹԼֳüһģһ
֮ȻܹͳĽ书û䡣
ȴһֱڱ˵ӰԼǸȴԶҲ֪Ĵڡ
ֻܺԼĸڰͬһţǳΪǸ˵
ֻҪǸ˵ĻͱҪǸȥӶǸνֳ
ԼҪȥյǸ磬һ˵ĺǶô޹顣
ԼǸΪ.¥ϷӵĸҲΪϴ棬ȴͲֹܹķ
ʱڡ
ûΪ̰ͼٻ󣬶һȻȻҪĻҲôĿʹ
ֻʱܿӣҲǸӰĺһԵĳޡ
ǳ޵ʼ֮ǰӲҪĻһµ
ҲΪҪ޳ǰԭ
ΪµྩεıԱȡİȫ
-

278 ֮

һǰҲˮʯˡ
Ϊĵ㣬ྩĸֵͬܣƺľͬ
ȻǵĸײͬһˣǱϾͬһףǾʹǻѪԵϵġ
οϵĹϵ˵ǼΪУֵܾͬȻҪྩ
ྩĽ֮Ҳͬȡ
ԭ࣬ԲĲ֪
˵֮ྩֳһʹļ׵ӣʵΪеһЩεġ
Ҫ˵ֳεĻʵҲġ
ĻǰĸֵͬҲ³
ϸĥʵҲܹȫྩ
ϾҲյģһֱ֪һ˴ڣ֮ǰΪԭ
ϾǸ׷µĹϳ飬˵³ྩûаëǮϵġ
ǸྩྩڳһȱΪӣͺ˻ɵ޹ϵ顣
Ͼ˵˲֪£ҲǷǳġ
ûһʼڰðҲϳĻͲ֪顣
ྩڿȥһʹļ׵ӣҲ͵Ĺȥ
ڷ¸Χ飬ȴʼֻǸ˶ѡ
£ֻǱſϷ̬ȫûҪֵĴ㡣
˼ҵļ£ȺֺαȻ֣
ԾʼһԹۿⳡ־磬Ҳ΢Ĺ۲һྩĸֵܾͬкɫ仯
ҶԴһ֪࣬һһЩµġ
˵֮ྩƺɣһ¡
Ļ֪֯ԣЩ˵һ
龰֮£˵ȥĻĽ־ͻһֱάȥ
ྩΨһһֵܴˡ
ĸֵͬѾ˵֮䲻ò˵Ĺ¸˵˳ʣµĻǵྩӦˡ
ô˵ĻôȷѪԵϵġϾǶǸ׵ĺӣҲΣû뵽Ȼҵ
ྩϸ˼һ˵һ
ֻ˵Щ֮ӻĵü˳࣬ƺΪʡ
ֻ˿ĻĻ֡
ǰĸֵͬҲ׷˵Ļ»ҪϳҲ˵ĸˡ
ֻ˵Ǹ˲ûдʡĸֵͬܣɵͷ
ڵҲͬʮֵĵü˳ֻۣΪͷϵı˸Ϳ塣
ֻ޾ӰһЩ˾ò
ǿԼѪԵֵܵĥЩһ̲ͣĳޣƺҲϴˢྩۡ
ԼλֵܲԸԼҲⶼΪ
Ȼȴûйʱ飬ǿʼԼֵܷġ
֪ЩΪίȻܹȰ㳹׵ķ³ޣǳΣԸΪ֮ĽĻҲȥ
⻰ڳ˶һЩ㶡
Ȼ֮ԼƺǸһЩϵȴû뵽ྩȻԸΪ
Ҫ֪ǼĴֺۣαһԸԼȥҪһͬ汳ĸֵͬܵصĳͷ
ȻĻ⻰ƺʮֵ˷ܣûаҪͬྩĻ˼
ֻ⻰֮󣬽ͣһ룬ͺڷӦһ
ٱ֮ǰʼյͷ״̬͵һ̧ͷҷĹЦ
Ӿͺ˷ħһ㡣
ϸۿɼٶȣѸٱ
˶ҪЩʲôæˡ
ྩƺҲû뵽ԼֵܾȻѡԱķʽ˽Լһʱ̲ס
ʲôǧҪԱ
Ȼ˵ˣѡصĻ֮ôջأ
һĸֵͬܣĴЦԱķʽԼһ
ӾͺǾԼѡȥҲԸ⵱ྩ
һйƽ֮󣬾ྩԼƺԴ겻ѡ
ֻǰһ̲ѪģĶҲֻǱ˱۾Ȼεҡҡͷ
Ƿǳϧ飬ô˵ҲѪֵܡ
Ҳ֪仰Ƕ˭˵ģֻ˵ȫΪ˸οԼ
ֻҲûԸȥ̽һˡ
-

279 һʧ

һ䣬ȷ޳ٴε֮󣬷¸˼򵥵һ£׼̤˻ص۶·
ȻٳǰһϣһȴͻȻʧ١
һ֮ҪصԼӣ;ŵʱһƲȴһӰӡ
ƺûע⵽Ĵڣɫȴһ˿š
û˾ڴ˴ΪϤྩ
ǲǳʱڴ˴ʲô
֮һһЩ֣ȫΪʱ˿̵۾ƽǵʱ崺ȫͬ
ھȻһ˿ĮݵζҾͺĿĵĴʲôһ
ɾԲƽʱܹ飬һʶľе֡
ҪصԼĸ纰һ۲죬־̫˷ʱ֮пܾͻʧྩټ
ҲԥʹȥҪЩʲô
׷ȥһξ֮ǰྩȴͻȻͷһֱһš
һǰһڣѸʧȥ֪
ڶһ磬ά˹ѰöûҼԼĵܵܡ
ǲ֪Ӧνæüͷ˸ڷ¸ķ䣬š
¸裬м£ҵܵƺˣ
һŰ¸趼ܹóά˹һ˿˿ûƽ侲صӡ
Ҳ֮еģ¸϶ܹʾ⡣
һʧ˵ĻĲżԵñȽ֡
Ȼʱ˿̷¸軹ûд롣
Լȫܱ¶Ǿһά˹峿ʶԼŮ
һôʧ٣ȥڰԯҲϾʰʰȻȥǻϣ
Խά˹Ͻ˵ͷž͵ȥԯķš
סĸЧãԯά˹Ű֮ûжþֱӽŴ򿪡
˾һͬȴŷ¸衣
ά˹Ҳ׾ʲôҪ˵ģҲǵǶһоȽϷһЩ
ҷ¸ٶҲǳĿ죬ܿʹӷ
ȻҲͬüά˹֮󣬸Ͻѯʣôˣ˵ܵܲ𣿡
ţά˹üͷ˵ͷ糿ʱҾȥȻ˰ŶûӦΪȥˣǵȴҲˡ
¸Ҳüͷ˵ͷӾά˹ô˵Ļǿ϶ܹȷһѾʧˣ
Ͼ˽һĿ϶Ҫĸά˹ˣӰֵȴѾʧ
ôпܾ˵һʧȥϵ
ȥδ֪
ϸ˼һ֮󣬷¸ֿѯʣά˹һȷһȫķӰɣ
ˡһûô˼͵˵ͷ
Ҳ֡
ȫܵвѲĻôά˹ûбҪǣǰά˹顣
ֱ֪ͨһһѾͺˡ
ҵһĻƣȷڻšڵʲô״̬Ҳ˵ǰæ
⻰¸ȻҲ͵˵ͷ
ϾǴУҸϻص۶ӡ
ĸ˵СһˣҲȻֱܾߵ
ûȷһȫǷܵвʱ򣬷¸ǾԲ뿪ġ
ȻҪ˵һİΣӵҪһЩ
˶˼ƺŽĶԲߣһʱ֮ĬĬԡ
һ֮΢һЩά˹̲ס˵ҪȥʳɣϾʧٵġ˵ĻܹѰһЩ
򲻿ɡά˹δ䣬ͱԯֱӴϡ
ʵҺ¸һЩĻģĻƺҲΡ
⻰ά˹ȴòϿɣ
ʵ̶ôûвóྩƺһЩ֡
ֻ£ԼĵܵͻȻʧ٣ܹϵķҪֱϡ
һЩ嶯ԯȰֻ֮ǿԼ侲ҵ治ܹ嶯ˡ
ΪȥΪɵѯ飬пܻݾߡ
ǽָô죿ҵܵܵȫڶܹȷǷ֤ҵһЩʳѰģ
ά˹ʱҲѾٱ侲ˣԾ˵Ļһ˿ʲĻҵζ
Ȼ±һ˼֮󣬷¸ۺһ£óһĿǰΪֹΪ׵ķӡ
֮ܶǾԲܹȥҳģԻᾪҾõİ취˽氵Ѱһ
-

280 Сͽ

˷¸֮ԯά˹ѸϿɡ
˾ͷͬжͣѰһı
ȻѰһ֮󣬾ͺȻ˽õûô򵥡
ΪãҺȫŹκϸڣȴҲЩΪ
㵽ǻûܹҵõһһ˿ټ
˻Դʹ
΢ЩɳƵɤһСͽл
͵͵ྩȴץ񣬲˵һ
Դһθδ֮󣬱ྩץű㲻ʡ¡
˹ھͷһʹͬʱҲɵõĿʼ۲ԼڵĴ
ԼȷǴһСͽ֮УΧĻֻ֪һƬڰ
ڰ˭ǿ϶Զ
ԾԼ٣ȴˣҷһĻǳྩ
ྩʲôıҪΪξȻֽҴΣҹ
˵һ֮һ;ȵķԼڲûʲôƺһҲûʲô
ΪڵѾסˣȫʹ
Ըûа취뿪Сͽ磬Ҳ޷ȡϵ
ûǰ֧ԮĻԼһʱҪˡ
Ҳ֪ôˡ
ʱ˿̣ǱҲԵһЩһĪչȫ֪黹Ӧμȥ
ڴٴξۼһ·ʱ򣬷¸ȴͻȻʲôէ֡
ˣʱҶ౦
౦һֻѰ󣬻ʱܹó
֮ǰҲһֱռУѾڻ׶Ρ
ʱóǾԻıڵľ档
Ϊûˣֻڳ
ĿǰΪֹ¸Ҳû˿Ĵ㣬ֱӴռٻ˶౦⡣
౦ĻǵĵؽѰһˣ𣿡
ոĶ౦ŸĴкٶһ
û뵽ԼոճʱԼ˾ͿʼŸԼ
Ƕ౦ҲǶ£ϾҲԼʶڷ¸˵һЩżġ
Ҳԥž˼һȻ˵
ȻҪǸ˵ĻҵȻҲа취ġֻҲϤϵζҪһùĶƷУ
Ϊά˹Ҳڳֻûв廰һȫڶġ
Զ౦䣬¸ͽתά˹ϣֱӡ
˼Բ
һʲôùĶֻ˵Ʒǿ϶Ϊ˽⣬ȻҪά˹æġ
ά˹Ȼǵһμ౦տʼʱҲ΢һЩɡ
ڱϾԼܵܵټҪҪ鵱ȻҪѰһˡ
Ҳûж˵ʲôֱתһӣϸѰһ
ܿͺԥĴˣжһ
֪ɲԣҵܴܵ·Ӧûζ
¸ԥش౦ӹһ·žͶ.ӵݵ˶౦ǰʾԽѰ
౦Ҳûκԥڵõһϴ·֮ھѾ˽⵽һϵϢȻҲͿѰҡ
ˣԵȣ౦ȥҡ
Ȼô˵౦ȴûطֻԭԲС۾
վԭأ㿪ʼԼʶĻǵķΧ֮ڸӦһĴڡ
ڵõһ֮ǰ֮϶صϢȻҲͿӡ˶౦ʶ
ȫٶọ֮̈̄ͬζ֤һںδ
ά˹ڷ¸ԯߣһͬעŶ౦ҵȴŶ౦ǴϢ
Ȼ౦һѰһټȴ˺ܾúܾãҺʼҲûеõκεĽһ
ٴ۾ʱ۾һ˿ʧ䡣
ˣҰĻǵĵؽȫѰһ飬ȴȫûз·˵ټ
ҲǷ¸ȫûõģֻȴôԽܡ
οĻƺҲġ
ô׾ܹҵһĻ͹ڼһЩֺαǴ£
ҷ¸Ҳ֪ض౦ô˵Ҳ취ͻԵĽչ
ȻĬһ֮󣬶౦ͼ
ȻûиӦ˵ĴڣǳһСͽ硣ǼҵʶҲܹ̽ȥĵطпҪҵ˾Ͳ
-

281 ʩѹ

⻰˻ӣ˱˴뷨
ྩȻһ㣬ʲôʡ͵ĵơ¸óۡ
ȻڲܹȷҵܾܵǳĽ֮УҲܹķˣǲȥ̽һ
һĻ֮ԯҲѡ˽Ӳ硣
Զ϶һǲˣΪڶʱǸͲĻǵΧģƽ޹ʵʧ
ûֻпˣСͽǴһèġ
ǲܹȷֻһϣ¾ͲֱܹӷӦͣѰ
Ǿ˿ʼ뷨跨̽Ѱ˴
Ǻεȸĵؽ磬Ȼⴳ롣
οŲܹݾߵԭȻҲҪûбྩⷢͼͬʱѰǸ磬Ҳ鿴һǷ档
Ȼϸ̽Ѱһ֮ȴûʲô
ֲòۼŽ취
ΪһЩʵԵķӵĻǺǱеġ
ۼʼ˼İ취ʱ򣬷¸ȴ˼Ʋߡ
ɣҺά˹ȥྩȻԯȥ̽Ǹ硣
ƲߣԯȻûκ飬ά˹ԵЩֹ
¸迴е뷨Ǿ̾˿žͰά˹һڵľơ
֪ҲȥϾǼܵܵķʽȴڿһĵһ۾ʧȥǣʱӣƵķӡ
÷¸ԼѨĻԯҲͲġ
ԯȥƳѷֻԼԯϵά˹֪Ժλ¸貢ûֱӽͳ
Ŷά˹˵˵ǰɾԹ˼ˡ
ӣ˾Ѹж
ԯǶ˰ŷ¸ά˹ж
Ѿ뵽ྩ϶ͼıĻôֻҪڳеʱװɴ̿͵ǰȥ̽Ϳˡ
ȻǱ֮ྩȻ鷿æʲô
һ֪ûʲô򵥵顣
Ƿ¸谴ԭļƻһͨʯͷעȻЩ˽ȥ
ȻһӶʱྩ⡣
˭棡
䣬ֱæҵʰ鷿Ķͣľ׷˹
¸ά˹һۣһͬǰš
žһһҵķֿܣྩ׷˭
׷˭ǵĿĶﵽͬʱҲܹྩæҵĸо
ǵĿĲǳ׵õ
ΪҪͬʱ׷˵ĻôϾ飬ʱҲԯ䡣
ྩ׷֮󣬷һһ˵Ӱ۾гһ졣
һ˼֮󣬾ֱԥܵķ¸׷˹ȥ
ͬʱԯҲǴ֮⣬ȻȴóȻ֡
Ϊǰƺô򵥣
ֻǿıԵѣѾܹܵõԲϵѹ
ڸһָûֵܹĵطҲֻҡҡͷ
ļƻֻܷˣȻѾܹ˽õ羿ʲôˮƽµģǾѾͻԽչ
Ҫ̽ĻҲһЩ
ԯֱ˵˻ȥصԭԼĵص㡣
ȻԼĵص֮ȴһˣԼʱҲʣ޼
ԯȴûеκһˣά˹Ƿ¸裬ûаԭļƻ
ԯ䲻Щֵüͷ
ʱά˹׷ĻǳҲྩ
ԭļƻ˸һ߿׷˭Ļǳڷ˷¸֮ȻȻѡ׷¸裬ȫûзά˹
Ϊȷ¸İȫά˹ȻҪ׷Ļǳ󣬿¸赽׻᲻Σա
ĻҲܹʱĳ
¸Ҳ֪ǲʼʱ򣬾Ѿྩ˵Ѳ
ǰ治ͣȥȴû˿Ļɫ
ȻྩܸߣǷ¸Ҳܹྩְȫͬʱκè塣
һߣ˴Ϊȫľ룬׷š
¸ҲʼѰŵ㣬ϾֹܹĿĵ׷ȥ
Ҫѡһڳֵʱ򣬲ңҲƫԶһЩĵط
ȻʱྩĻǵĳҪҰֿǷǳ׵ġ
Ǹʱ򳡾ͻά˹ͷ¸ӵĲ
Ƿ¸ྩά˹ųһĽȥ
-

282 Ұ

¸ĽͣӺྩ⡣
ȻȻҲͽ¸Ľ
СȺ򡣡
ǰƺѾ˽Ųķ¸裬ྩɴڽͣ
¸ʱȻҲװûӣƺЩȵͣ
Ȼװģػͷ۾ѯʡ
ˣΪҲڴ˴
ྩҲƵЦţӴװ֪ʲôͬҲԼһ·׷ŷ¸ġ
ǡΪڴ˴Բǰѯʡ
⻰ӵĿ˵¿죬ǲش¸Ļ
Ҫ򵥵ؽͷ̽һ·¸ڴ˴Ρ
Ȼ˵ĻҪô¸ȻҲҪϷġ
ǼװʲôҲ֪ӣ¸ȴװʲôûзӡ
ʵҪ׻ںʱ˵ԼĿġ
еģ뿪˴֮ǰҪ䣬Ծľ͹䵽
˵¸һЦҪٴνͷྩϡ
ͬ⣬ֻʲôĻش
ˣδشҵ⣬ΪҲڴ˴
ĻྩƵЦ΢΢һ˿ĽӲ
ֺܿطӦ˹
һûһţԷԼʼղشĻվǲá
ྩֻ΢˼һ£ģıһӡ
һϰߣյǽˣᵽĻǵĳطйһȦɢɢģһ½ǡ
Ŷԭ¸װһȻӡ
ͬ£δ뵽վͬһƬĽ
ʵ⻰΢ŵ㳰ζ¸ҲྩƺҲ̫ҽڡ
ҵز˵ǵҲá
óֺαϾ֮ĽҰɢأ
ֻ¸ɿƲ˵ƣװʲô֪ӣָྩ˰졣
ྩտʼʱҲͬڸ¸ĥƤӹƺҪ׻Ҫĥġ
Ȼ̲ס˵ˣȴҲ
֮ྩܲסˡ
ֻѾһƵӣתɫЩȫƽ￴ʱʱ̿崺
Ҳٸ¸軥ãǿżɽ
ҵѾ˼ޣӦҰµĻҾͲô
ڲԭĵķʽԼĴŻ¸ԴҲΪ⡣
ɫ˲ſʼ潻档
ҷ¸軹װΪ⣬һЩȤྩѯ
Ŷ˻Ⱑʵ̫
¸װɵྩҲôȥˡ
ֻʼ¸̸ڵЩʲôƺ׼̸ԼĿ֮㡣
ֻһЩ˴ŵ飬ֻҪϰȥĻҿƽ֣ԺĻǵĸˡ
ʵ¸û뵽Ϊģֻ¸軹ǷǳĺԷҪԼЩʲô顣
Ȼ¸Щ̲סҪ֮Ա
ΪֻС˲Ż뵽ĵķӣοѲྩ˶һ̰Ľ
Ļ½ǻһ
¸ôģҲôġ
֮ԱǵͬʱܾྩĻֱ֮ǰɵĵط
ǻ곡Ϸ֮ǰĻֵҲȫȳİɣҪΪλֱӵɲһ˻ѡ񣬸һƬԹˡ
ԴྩֻЦЦ
¸뵽ϵɵ㣬̲ס
Ҵʼ˵飬ɾԲǶԴһ֪˽ɡ
ǰ˵ĶԣµҲ
÷¸û뵽ǣྩȻ󷽷ĳˡ
ҷ¸̽ȥʱֻһƬȻɫû˿˼
˵̹ҪΪֶκܶ¸趼Ҫƭ˹ȥΪʲôҾӡ
¸Ҫ˼һྩôĿĵʱྩȴҪ䲻֮һ򾡡
͵Ϯʱ򣬷¸ȴֻ
Ϊ׼ྩһƷ粢δϡ
벻Լһɵྩտʼʱ΢һЩȡ
ȵɫת˲ţܿ侲
Էֻǵ֮ĻԼȫҲûбҪɳó
Ǿֱɱڣǲܲ˱ˡ
Ȼ¼ȻԷѾԼͼôҪԸɾͲǷǳ׵ˡ
ྩ׼ٴοʼշ¸衣
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283 ˻غ

¸裬ұͿԲˡֻҪӦΪҵˣҰµĻȫսԺĹϵֺα
ྩ֮ⷬ󣬷¸ȻףҪԼˣƤӹˡ
ȻҲͺƲӦս
Ȼ˵ĻһĶܹĶĻһͬ⡣
ȫΪģྩҲó
ΪǸˣⷽǹ۲ϸ΢
οҲɵӣ¸ĳ̫ԣȻǲԸԼԼӦսˡ
ֻ˷¸̬ȣྩɱ⣬ڴ˴¸ɱڡ
Ϊһ̵ܽˣֻ˵Լ˶ԷλᣬȴԸԼվͬһϵˣǴ˱õġ
ྩ˵ɱڱõİ취
ΪҪյʵʵģԶŲ죬ɾİ취ˡ
ͬྩҲԼڽշ¸˰ʱ򣬻򲻹
ţྩһ߽Ķվķ¸裬һҪһ򾡡
ȻҪֵʱ򣬺ȴܵػ
ֻڻûг׽Ӵྩ󱳵ʱ򣬱㱻ྩĲ֡
عͷҽһ͵Ϯͬʱǰ͵Ϯ˾Ǹ¸һά˹
֪һпԭͼƻ˵Ķྩȴû˿ľɫ
֣ҲǴ򲻹Լġ
ྩţҪȻҲΪһ֮
ûϵȻ˵Ļһϰɣɱ²顣
ΪƵ¸ά˹Ѿվһ
ȴûбƶŭɫҪһͬӦˡ
ܿǾͷ˴Ӹտʼʱûеʮȷġ
ΪԷȷʵ˿¸ά˹Ѿͬеǿߡ
ʱ򣬾ҲɲྩĶ֡
¸Ķͷðϸ΢ĺ飬ά˹ע⵽һ㣬˹һ¡
¸û°ɣྩѶԸĺܣҪġ
¸һͷͿʼԸྩ
ά˹һһҵྩлʵҲķӣ˵ƣս֮ġ
ҲΪά˹ڳԭԷ¸ʼûóԼĵơ
ΪֻҪά˹Լʱܹ֧ŵĻôԯӦúܿͻᷢǵʱǰ֧Ԯ
δش򲻹ྩĴ򲻹ྩĻҲܹһĴ
ʱȻҲ֡
ȻĿ֧֮£ȴֲܿסˡ
ΪȻǿ֧ţྩͷȥȴȡ
ۿ˶Ҫˣ¸ɴһҧҲͲټȴҪתʹά˹Լؾ
ȻոҪά˹ȥʱԯȴһ
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¸Դοسԯҡҡͷ
ά˹ԯԼĵܴܵ˻һʱ֮
Ҳ˲ɴԯǰӹԼĵܵܡ
һƣӣǿȥ޴󰭣̲סĵѯ
ܵܣڵôˣûЩʲôɣ
һȥȴûʲôά˹һЩֱƿ²鿴
ȻԼûпĵطһϻٵһЩ˺
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôά˹ܾڵһһЩ֡
뵽ʲô֮ȥ̽
մһͷȫޡ
Լĵܵ˵ģά˹;һЩ
һڵûˣά˹ͬʱϽǵԼĵܵѯʡ
һ˵ѽ⵽ôһ£Ϊڵûˣ
һûʲôشά˹Ļԯֻڻش
һЩˣǱץߵʱྩġڵҲסˣǲȫʧ
һͣά˹ڷ˲ٵͬʱֲɵõһЩŭ
ֵܶ˵ĸܺãά˹ǰԼĵܵ䱦ôܼԼĵܵ۸
ά˹һ߰鱧Լĵܵܣһ̧ͷྩ
鶼ûƽʱǷŵӣǿȥ΢һЩʹޡ
벻ĻȻǶĵֶεˣý˵ö֮
ŽԼĵܻܵķŵ˵֮ά˹Ϳʼƺı
ֻʼķ񹥻ྩ֮һһྩ˹ȥ
ڴ򶷵ĹлһƲסڵ
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284 ȸѪ

ά˹һ¸迴˶ʮֲ졣
ά˹ôһ£Ϊ˼֮¾ȻֱԾһΣ
Ϊǰڿྩ򶷵ά˹ͻȻ֮ͣ
ȫȻûӣ˫Ŀɵü󣬾Ҳ˺Ѫ˿
վԭصҲ¿ģֻȻ֮侹Ȼһ󾳽硣
ʱһһԺྩ򶷣һ󾳽ά˹ȥʱ򰵽вá
¸裬ԯ䣬ǿҸŪѣѵĻӵģ
ô˵¸Ӧúԥֱӳά˹һ㡣
ҲûκεֶΣΪĹ֮С
Ҫֹȴ߻ħһʱ֮侹֪֡
һΪԥǾͺԥؽȥ߸˷¸ԯ䡣
ҵʼӵϹȸѪһͻʧȥʶ޷Կأ
⻰֮ȻҲͲԶ˼˵ڵά˹ѪĴˣͬҲ¶Ѫ
ԲŻȻ֮һ󾳽粻˵ǷҲƽˣЩ÷¸趼Щϲ
ֻҪֹĻȴҲֹֻ֮ܵˡ
ΪҪѹͬʱһ赲ġ
ѣȴҲ˿𲻵κòǡ
ԯͷ¸Щ֡
һҲ£ǾһԼǱߵȥһ߼
ҺҸǼһ֮ΨԶʼ֮ˣҲұӵԭ򣬲ǽΪǵʵǿһ㡣
⻰¸ЩȻζԭǼ廹顣
˵Ҳɣҵʼ澹ȻȸѪգʵմ޵Ĺ⡣
ӵһЩĸо
ֻڲЩʱҪĻǹעά˹Ǳߵ״
ҹעά˹״ˣڳͬ顣
ྩҲʼעά˹ı仯ЩʲôƵ뷨
ҲһĻΪҲڳԵʣһĻȻֺĶ
Ҳû뵽Ⱥ˵Ȼ֮ڻһӵϹѪˡ
ڳѵһġ
õ˵ĻԼĹΪҲܵĺô
ȻҲֻܾ䣬֪龿ᷢչʲôزҲ
ֲɵõĵͻʹ˶ת
һת۵Ļ׻ʲô³ǻδ֪
ϾԼһʱ̰˺Ѿ˷˵׵ܵܡ
¶˵ǲ֮
ľˣʲôԼƵĻǿµһҪ˾Լ
ྩҲһЩüͷʼնά˹Ķ򣬺һֱ̾ӱ
һһĻҲûֹͣǲͣؽ顣
ΪʱȻҲܹٶԼĸ
ģʱֹĻᷢʲôδ֪
֮ǰҲǧǲҪ׶ѪȻĻмĿܻ֮ʧң
ĻȻض˵ڳ˱Ѿˡ
ڵά˹Ѿ÷ȻǽʧȥǵĽ׶Ρ
ΪԼĵܵˣýһ㣬ʵΪ
ڶԵܵܵĵǣ߻ħ״̬ҲΪԵܵܵ۰
ȻΪѪ飬ά˹ȻΪԼֱֵŭķ֮С
ھȻܹԾѡͬʱʼ
ڵѾʧȥʶʼûѹ
ûصĻ¾ĻһĵǴҶĿõһ㡣
һǷ¸ԯ䣬Ƕ뿴ķ
һ˵ά˹ĸ磬ĸܹΪز
һȻҲΪԼĸеĹġ
ľأһ·Ҳһϧζ
ڷ¸ԯҲ˻ΪͬС
û뷨ôҲһ·ͬ飬ȻҪչˡ
ôֱӾԹۣĿŲΪ鱬
ˣһȥһЩʧ䣬ǵϵѪı׶ˡ
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285 

˻ڹעά˹״ʱά˹Ѿϡ
ҽ֮ͬʱƺҲٱ㡣
ֻ˫ĿѾһƬͨ죬˵ģȥʮֵˣԼղסļơ
ྩˣ־
ֻھྩҪһЩľٶҲû̫ôˡ
Ϊά˹ƺѾʧȥǣҲྩԥһŭһྩ˹ȥ
ྩɫһݣ͸ϽӦ
Ϊ֪ٲŵĻ½ԼҪˡ
ҶԷڵѾһΣԼúӦսԼǿҲȸѪ˵Ķ֡
ϾǼʼôྩٸǿҲһĶˡ
Ȼڵά˹˵һྩֱѪ
ྩǱˤڵأһȦ·ҲѪҺȥȫûƽ¹޵ӡ
ֻǱȴЦˡ
Ϊά˹ĻǡǡѾ˷״̬Ǻѻˡ
ȥĻľͬһ˵һмĿܻᱬ
ڳ˶Ը⿴һ㡣
ô죿취ֹһҸ磡ȻĻ浽˱㣬ôܻ˺Լģ
ʱ˿̵һѾһЩԼĸһֱ̾ӳ׵
ʱ¾Ļ췦ˡ
ĵҲǶģά˹״̬Բ
֮£۳žҪٱˡ
ȫѾ˺˵ѪֻЩѪҲȫྩ򶷵ʱྩմȾģһֵѪԼġ
ڶõʱֱ˺
Ȼྩ˵ѪŢԼȴҲܵѪķɡ
ʱ޴ֵķ¸ԯҲ޿κεһԹսʱֵķӣ
ȴֺ˺ά˹Բųٳûܶ֡
ôô˺ۣΪλûʱ˺Լ
ĳ¸ҲɵõüͷҾЩǵѯš
ΪǷ¸ģԯȻΪ͡
ϸһ۲죬ͻᷢͷųΪҲһЩδܳʧȥǵʱ򱩶
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ͷŵͬʱļΪ׺ݵҲά˹˸Ūñˡ
ͷβÿһ˴ССĻۣȥǱˣྩö١
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Ǽӣˣô׾ٵѹ
Ѿزά˹ȴûͣ¹ǽʩչ˼¡
ྩЩҲû˿飬һ½һ£ͺҪྩͬھһ
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Ƿ¸˵ĻԯĻ֮ȻȻҲ͵˵ͷ
˷ô꣬Ĭǻеġ
Ǿһһҵά˹Χ
ʵҪǿӲķʽ׵ӣ˵һҪһЩ˺ά˹ѹľٶ
Ҫķټ˺ԼҲϣĻУܹһǣѸٻָ侲
Ȼ˳֮ȴǣĻǳ
ྩԼסά˹۵׾
ȻǱȴҲ̲סץӡ
ΪΨһԻȥĻᣬץһƵĻǽҪȸѪ
ȻʶྩʱߣǷ¸ԯȴûйټˡ
Ϊά˹ƺӵΣһЩҪǶӹע
ҪȻĻпܾͻ뱩ȥ׷ྩǻǾά˹ָǵһҪҪһЩ
ֻܿǵĶͷһЩϸĺ飬ȻĬʮ㣬Ҳûκô
ȫƲסά˹ıʱ¸ͻȻʲô
ûɻһֻֽаԭá
ʱóĻά˹ڵ״̬һİ
Ƿ¸ʹռóԭͷ׺͵ӡ
򵥵Ĺһ֮󣬾ֱ
û뵽Ȼĵ֮󣬾ȻЧ
ֻԭڱߵά˹侲ǰһڣ˻״̬
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286 

泹׳ʱ򣬷¸Ǿ֪һжˡ
ڵ˵ĻأҪǺķ˼
׷ྩֽһ򾡣Ҳܹеġ
ȻҲֻȰ
ֻһԼĸ״̬⻹ǶԴޡ
ҵֳ˵زȴû뵽ͷȻҪһ
¸ҲóһԴǷǳĲġ
Ҳʱ򱣳ֳ侲Ҫ͸ά˹һȥྩǽ׷ˡ
ʵҲһЩ͹۵أڵѾ׵ķӡǾ˵ܹټʹá
ԾྩˣҲ֮ͬ⡣
Ȼ¸ԯܹʱһ򾡡
Ȼȴ֪鷳ά˹Ѿܹټȥˡ
뵽ķ¸裬ֻĵ̾һͶһο
ȲҪôˣЩԺҲõġ
һȻǵͷӦ֪¸ԯѾǲæˡ
˽ԼϵĽ⣬Ҫ뷨ҪȻԼĸ硣
ȻҲ鵱ȻҲҪ
۶֮ң˵ĻȻѾȥˡ
¸򵥵Ĵһֳ˿ĿǰΪֹݡ
һ˻Բѣһȫ
ԼİСҲ˳ʱĳ˯֮С
һжڵķ¸ֱ֮Ϊֵ״
ϵĽӦνҲһΪֵɡ
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Ȼܽ⣬ֻȴǳѣֻжɽϵ˲ܹõ
˵֮ƺԴҲرˣͷȥЩʧӡ
Դ˷¸ֵֻһģ΢ļ򣬲ҶοİɣֻҪнİ취Ǿһϣһ»ᱻ⿪ģֻҪǸʱǰˡ
˵ʵڵҪɽΪ˻ǲôң£ܾܲͳ׵Ľһϣɡ
ĻǶ˵Ҳʵ̫Ϊ̣¸Ǿġ
¸ĻһЩôģһ֮ɫȻᶨ˲١
ͬ¸ԯһ鿴Լĸ״
Ҹ𣿡
ά˹Ų԰׵˰죬һջ̲סЩǵĿѯ
¸ȻҪ԰οһ£ȴҲƭһ
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ȶĿǰֻܰؾ֮ڣһЩԪ
˷¸ĻһҲ֪ô˵Ǿ֤ԼĸоȵĿԻǷǳġ
ֻӦνҲô׾˵ġ
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µĳĬҲֻΪ˼Լʶѡ
Ƿ¸̾˿ʼһȫĽά˹µ״
Ҳ֪һֱȥĻҲǰ취ҪѹĻҪһ񵤡ֵֻҩûУûа취ڶʱѹ
η¸ν˵˵ϣҲһʼչעŵ⡣
ȻҲ֪¸ΪǸô࣬Ѿ御ˡ
ϾǷ׷ǹʣѧԺҲ˵õѣ
һмԷûֵҩȻҲܹǿ
Ǹæ˷ܵؿ˵ôֵҩҪ䱸أһ뾡취ȥŪ֣Ҹ磬ѹģ
¸Ҳֵ֪֮ȻǵҩĲϲѰҵġ
Ƿ¸Ʋ£Ȼ»ûа취ô׾ٵİ쵽顣
ҲûиһŵıҪԷ¸ҲԸΪ͡
ҩȻصģֻԭеһֲǺѰҵõġؾҲδӵкͼֲ־ͽ
˷¸ζĻһҲ
˵ģֻڼ֮أϧ̶ȸҪѰҵõҲô׵顣
ֻΪԼĸ磬һԸ⸶һдۣԵȻҲûѡ
¸ԯȻҲ֮ͬһͬǰС
ǲûڵһʱص۶ֱ̤Ѱó̡
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287 ֮

˵⼫֮ҲҲûе˾֪ĵز
Ȼкܶһص㣬ȴֺԸ̤ڴˡ
Ϊڴ½ˣҪȥʮѵ顣
Ҫ;棬ͬҲΪﶼ嫵ı
˵˾סˣǻﶼϡʲ
¸ҪҵΪĻˣΪֲĹϵҪõҲͬ϶ҪѾһѶȡ
˵ʱ򣬴˴ŴѩĴһƬ׵ľ
ֻҪǳκɫĶüΪۣ
ɫǿѾҪĶˣǱ¶ڴȻҰ֮У˵Ҳûʲôر
ϾҲ˻ȻҲͲ±֣ԲҪ˴˵١
Ҫ˵Կ˷ѣ¾¶ˡ
ﲻǼ֮أټѩԵʣÿһ׹ߣ
˻䡭
û֮¸ǲŸոշӦһģһ
ԯȻҲͷ¸һе䣬ȴҲһδԡ
ϾʱԼŮһ䣬ԯġ
ֻ΢ԵЩ԰׵ɫǳ
¸ԯ䶼Ѿ˻ڣļ֮أ¶Ⱥ֮һЩԽܡ
Ƕˣһ͸˵ˡ
ڱȫӡټ֮ǰʵҲǿ¸ԯ䣬ȻȻҲЩܲסˡ
Ҳһ·Լ͸Ѿ¸ԯ˲鷳ڻҪͬԼһͬ⼫֮νֲ
ıεĺܣԸһԣҧš
ʵǲҪ촽Ѿʼ÷˲˵ȫ¶ʼ÷ۡ
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ҿ¸˱ϸ״һǺһͬȥĻҲɥڴˡ
ʱδҵĸ˵Ķֶһš
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õңһԼȥΪҸ磬ЩֵõġǣҪһ
˵֮¶һȿ޻ѿЦݡ
ϵı飬ȥҪЦһģȻȴΪϵļѾˣԿȥƤЦⲻЦò
ȻϾʱ򣬷¸ѾЦˡ
֪һЩʲôǸǿʼΪѡ
㲻ʲôȥؾչҲȻ顣ȻڳٳδѣȴҪһտο㲻ڵĻٶȻܹӿһЩҲܹһЩ
⻰һԼһڻһҧͷͬˡ
Ǿ¸ֱӽһؾԼȥչά˹
Ҳȥúõůһ£ⶳˡ
˵ʵڵģһԴ˻ǷǳĹⲻȥġ
ΪһαΪ˾ά˹Ż
Լά˹ĵܵܣΪסز֡
Ƿ¸ԯҷ׷ǹʣûϵȫԶܲˡ
ǵֵطȴԸеΡ
ʹԼӦеεˣǸȰ˻
ȥһȴһʮϾܹһΪ˶жأ
ֻĻΣϾЩӦȥ˾ˡ
ȴͬһһıϻؾԼͬͬͬѧȥеһУ뵽;֡
ֻ˵¸ԯ䵹ûĸ
ԯ˵˷¸飬ļܹϡ
Դ²ûй⣬ΧҲû̫ᡣ
µֶ˵ھԴ˺Թԣ͸Դ½ƽˡ
¸ǲֵǷһ飬ϾԯҲӦġ
ӽά˹ȫڱˡ
ǰȥྩԿĻǾȫҪڴˡ
ǷѾά˹ҲȫȻӦ顣
ӲҪ˵Ҳ͸ûʲô𣬸Ӧһ
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288 첻

ĺѰǴ˵еȥһƬף治֪֡
ʱķ¸ҡͷЦԴһؾ֮ԯѾⲻ߲ݵѰˡ
˵£οЩ첻ϢҲûʲôˡ
Ҫ֪֮ǰؾʱʱѾﵽ֮ã˵Ҳڻ¡
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ǵΪҪһ࣬ǲͣѰҲǸ취
Ѱ죬˰ɫɫûпǾЩ֪νȥˡ
ֻüѰҵǾͻӦüȥܹ;ϡ
Ϊ֪ϵԽãǾֱӷĻά˹Ǳֻʲô
Щ飬ܹŸõķչ
ȻѾһЩΪЩԲĻȴûз˼
Ȼԯƽﶼ飬ǶԴ¸ʱȴԶ¶
ԯǰչ¶һ棬Ҳ֪ǺǣԷ¸ЩԲˡ
ҪԼס¸赥ȴ¸ֹˡ
Ϊ˰οԯ䣬¸軹һЦݣɵظԯ俪Ц
ʲôһڵʱҪˣڵʱô⸱ģ
֪¸ĻڿЦԯҲһЦݡ
ԭ֮ƺҲ𽥵ů
ԯҲ֪ʢˣںܹ֮ȡů
ԼһҲûκεôһ¯ǽ˴¶һȡ
Ҳֻⲿöѣûκô
ԯĬĬطԼĶ¸໥ֵǰš
Ȼţڷ¸ĵܿͷ˷¸ڲ֮ĲͺǶ价ӦӦһ
ԯ׹ôһ£΢ͷԼɫķ¸迴˹ȥ
ƺǱܺϮԾȻҪɪɪļơ
ԯ䲻ɵõüͷٿ˷¸֮΢ؽ
ҿĶߣ˵ҪҲȽؾϢһ°ɣԼһҲȫԡ
ԯĻ¸ȴնҡҡͷ
Цôܷԯһ
Ӧ˹ͬЯֳе飬ѲɾΪһѱԯ䲢Ļ
¸Զ顣
¸ͷԯҲ΢һЩΡ
ֻҲԷ¸ûޣȴҲ÷¸ܰί
һ˼һ£ͻһ˵顣
ҿҵؾƬ̡
Ȼ¸軹΢ҡҡͷȫԸԯһ˶ѩ֮УԷ¸軹Ǵҧ֡
ܹǻ첻˵ģǶѩнʮ֮á
ڵʮһʱԯһ߰ŷ¸裬һ߿ƲĲ鿴Χ
һƳƺǿʲôǱϸĲ鿴
ǱƺһС͵ıߡ
⻰ʮ˷ܣæ˳ԯָķ˹ȥ濴һƲ۵ıߡ
ԯ俴˵ĻǾҪˡ
ߣǹȥ·֣
˵֮󣬷¸ԯ˹ȥ
յڣȻ纮䣬ȴδܵӰ죬ܹĸܵĵ
΢пΪ¶Ӱ죬ڸǡȻѩ֮У֣ؾ͸ֲżĹϵˡ
ԯĻ¸Ҳϲĵ˵ͷ
˶һۣȷ˶Էĵ뷨
ȻѾҵһܹܵ΢ıߣǾȫûɷ
絽ȥѰһǷͬ
СģϷб
˱֮˾ͷȻͨĵطƺбĴڡ
ĵпܻ˵ˡ
ԯڶԷ¸谲Σ룬̲סѡ
˶ͨˣԶⷽҲû̫ע⡣
̶ȵıʵǺ˺ǵġ
ǰߣƺԽߣ͸һЩ
¸飬Ҳ΢žϲıǰš
ԯʼڳ䵱ʹߵĽɫһַֻס¸裬һ߻۲ܵĻ
˾һһţԼ˰ͷңǰȻʡ
벻Ǳߺ͸ղЩĵطֻǱѣ澹ȻһѨ
-

289 

쿴һɫСݣ
ϸ۲˰֮󣬷¸ۼط
һСݾ˲Զı躮ڱһıѩɢŵĹâ̵ֲɲࡣ
˲ʼ⾿ǲҪҵ
Ҳûʱ룬¸ŸϽõ꿴ֲ׼û
㲻Ҳɾʲôϡеҩġ
ոȥۿϾҪֲժֵʱ򣬶Ѩ֮ȴͻȻһ춯ص޺
߶ò˲ɼ֮
ʱ򣬷¸ԯһ񣬲ŷԭصģҿһͷεˡ
ղȫûзﻹڣܾΪڴ˴ԲδǷ֡
ҪĶŻֱ޺ˡ
˵ʵڵģ¸ԯ½ر˽⡣
Ƕڸָ޸һŲ֪ˣ֮ǰʶļ⣬ȫʶġ
ֻڼ֮ص޸Ǻηʥȫⲻˡ
֪ԷʲôͣǷù
Ķ
ڿηԵʣ¸ֻ˻ԯߣѯ
ԯҲǰ۾ڶѨ֮Ĵ鿴ΪҲܹȷ϶Էںδ
ͨղŵ޺Ҳֻȷһŵķˡ
Ӧþղȥֲĸղ޺ǴһƬġ
ƺ˵ĻǸҲԼλãͺԼһǸɴֱ
˿ŶѨ֮ͻȻȻһЩ㶡
һ鿴һЩȡ
벻غֻޣһֻʮޡ
ֻ˴ȴδܱϳ⾿Ǻηʥ
ȻʮޣҲ˾ܹϳи߽޵ò
ڷ¸迴ͷ޿ʮֻԼ
Ƭѩ֮УȻȥȴҲرԡ
Ϊͨѩף˵뵹ҲǣҲôһ֮
Ȼһ㶼ԡҪôӲӣҪôҲͨŶԡ
µͷȥޣȫ³˰⼸ûɫ
Ӳ˵޽Ǻβ͵Ĳ΢һЩɫ
ҲܷϢϾıѩء
ȫ£ҪôҪô죬Ҳ̫ˡ
Ļ֮ҲһĿ
ȫɫģҲ˸е֡
Է¸迴΢һȤȻ֪ܷԸʮޡ
ȻʮףȴδܻΣҲѸĲŶԡ
ǽ˴۾һĻˣʮ޲Ƿ¸ԯûмӡ
ܻҲˣǾȻҲܹͬԡ
ߣֻϡ
ѿڶʱ򣬷¸ԯһ㶡
Ϊ޵ղŵһŭƵʮġ
ֻķӦƺ˱Լŵˡ
ԭ̬΢һ˿⡣
ֻת˲ţ˲˱ģһЩƲ˵ķӦһʲôûˡ
¸޿ԣ˷˲١
Ȼ̬ȵĻǾ֤ԿһԷ¸̲סѯ
ʮޣ֪ԼʲôƷ֣
ȫûó¸дһ˿ҲǲҪش¸Ļ
˷¸Ļ䣬װһ̬ӵͬʱش˷¸Ļ
ѩ룬ڴ˴ػáֻδ϶ѣȻҵʵǵΪ
⻰¸һͷĴǡɷԼ롣
ʼʱ¸;Լûмǳơ
ֻɫ֮Ŵ벻ѩ롣
ԯҲ׽һеʮ־ϲϢػ֮ṩܡ
ǵȫѹ򡣡
¸ԯһЦһҶˡ
ʼʱǻỳһ£⾿ʲôΪλͻȻ֮ĳ
ǲ֪ǿſ͵Сݾʲôá
޵һ仰һֱ¶ڡ
÷¸ԯһҵһֱ׷Ѱûаһˡ
-

290 ̲

˵ķӦѩ뿴ȥʮֲмͲסӵñӳ˳
¸ԯڽŰн˼žδѩжõ
Ȼ֪ǼΪ׵飬ǽҲҪõġ
ֻеõһλֲؾлŵά˹оȡ
ҲǱ˹ͬȻܹԷ
ʱʮ޶˵ǷǳöԸģȴɲֱܹӷᡣ
ѩҲ룬ȥǻĺܡ
ףƺעԼػŵϣȻҲûسԳ
Ϊܹ࣬ҵѾ̫ãֺαЩű߼ʵ飿
ѩ˵Ĳű߼ʵ飬Ȼʼػŵ顣
ȻѩĻ֮󣬷¸ԯȴûôںҲûаĻϡ
ѩʮֵĲ벻ԼǰȻԼ
οԼǿٱкʸԼӵĳף
ְѩûκεķӦһ֮󣬼
Ҫ¸ԯ֪Ѷˡ
֪ʿʵɶǻϡ϶ģǸϽɣ
⻰¸ԯֶһۣ¸ӡ
ѩĻǻеĺȻʵԲ
Ļԯ仹ǴΪ͵ˡ
û뵽ǾȻбһͷƲһ죬Ȼʵ
Ȼ¸ԯȴҲη塣
շ¸迴ɵЦţںĻشѩĻô֪أ
Цݾͷ·˵ڱصãԲôѩҲزס
ֻѩȴһף¸ķӦȫȻŲ֪ôĵֿ
ڵģѵͲΪĺ׳︶𣿡
ѩô˵ţһȥڳ׺ݵŷ¸衣
ֻڲܹΣԿȥ͸һͷͨڳûʲô
¸ԯܹĸܵȴҲԱ嵽
ǺȻ¸ԴûʲôӦѩҲʲô۸ġ
¸ĺ׳ܿͱˣӵס
ȫѷ¸ԯ˷Ҳ˿ûзˮĴ㡣
ŲһϢǽһΣǲܹ˽ˣһǵʲôо
˵ͬղųʱһ޺һһչҰʵıϢ
˵ʮ޻˲ãǸմѧԺؾʱֻʮ޾ܹס
ʮ޵Ķ֣͸ڽʣԯ˶ѡ
ֻҪ޵һϢܹǸɴŪýһΡ
¸ԯɿطӦԯֱַס˷¸衣
˽һ֮ûñ˫˫վȡ
ȻѩȴǴϢĻᣬٴñӺţҳŷ¸ԯ
ٴγԾǣǻǳڸϽ뿪ҪȻĻɾͱҲˣҾԻһھͰԵģ
⻰˵һЩɰ÷¸ֵǣΪ޾Ȼ˺˵
ܻҲˣܿԵͬʱȻһֱͣĺ̸
ʱ򻹲˸̨£һ˼Ŀռ䣬ȫڰ׸ǻᡣ
Ѳͨʵܹõ
ֻ˵ǾΪԣʵе
Ǽ˵ˣû֮һ
Ҫ˵֮ǰĻ֮ɭģֻѪܵĽѵ
˵ȥ͸ǿǲӲĻ֮ɭҿɹİѡ
ȻǰֻѪ벻ܹԣܹ˵Ļһ
ָһķӦʮѵõġ
벻ѩ뻹ͦ£Ȼûϳ֣
¸̲סԯ˵ţԯҲǲÿɷЦЦ
˲ԼͬĶۣǾֻʯѩ뿴ȥ̿ȫ͡
ѩǵĻֿķӦ˲ôһ¡
̲סһȻڽ
ǿǧҪҺ˵ֻö֣ҲҪͰһڳԵˣﻹô࡭
֮ⷬ󣬷¸边Ǿ˲١
ѩӣôֿɰζ
̲סһЦ˳
-

291 ѵ

ʵ¸ܹóѩĹԲǺǿҲûзǳǿҵɱ⣬ҲͲ˺ǵӡ
ֻһֻ̫ãֻڵΪһһЩµįŻ߶
ӵĻԼܹõķ
ĻǶǶԼкô
Է¸һ˼̽Եĳѩ뿪ſڡ
궼ű𣿡
ѩ˷¸Ļûô˼ԴͿ΢Щʧ
ת˲֮ͺΪ仰һЩãǾ̧ͷװͰ͵Ķŷ¸˵š
ôˣѲһҪһң
˵֮ͺʮֲм̤̤ӣҲ÷¸ȷԼĵ뷨
ѩȷΪһЩµįԼʹŻ߳ŭķӦ
Ƿ¸˫һнë뷨
ھԼһĿıʮȷˣֻҪһֻѩ룬ԵõԼҪõĿġ
ֻһ˼һ£ʹ̽ԵĿ˿ڡ
֪ж𣿡
ȻȻѩδܻΣ˷¸Ļ֮ȴȻһ㶡
ƺڷ¸û֮ǰûһ
ת˲ֵ֮ͺЩ޹ϵһ
ҲģҲѩһֱţֻΪػֲ
֮ΨһĿˣȻҲں磬ٳٶûҪ뷨ԭ
˷¸ĻƺҲûرķӦ
ôˣôֺʲôϵҰĴﲻҲܺ𡭡
ʵѩô˵¸ﾹȻȾһ˿벻̡
ܿԣ˼άҲͳһ£ЩµͼҲõġ
һˣֻһֻ޶ѣȻȴʱĥôҲ찡
Ƿ¸̾һ֮󣬾Ϳʼѩ
֣ҲõĶ࣬ȥ˵Ļѡϲͬ鲢սһεգһļı仯ǴͰɫ춯ص硣
¸ôţѩҲš
žȻ̲סԺл
ͻȻоƺԼڵζҲôõģÿһﲢȡʱԼ÷ǳ˷ܡ
ΪĻѩ֮ڲֻԼˡ
¸ѵõܹ۵࣬˵Щѩ÷ǳпŶȡ
Ȼѩʱ򣬷¸ȴȻֹ
һеĻ붼ƣΪıѩ
ѩеһЩͲ
ô˵ˣ˵ȥһ㽲ЩĹ£
¸ѩҪȥҲ㣬˸ղҪֱӰԯ֮븹顣
¸һ̾ʱѾˣǽֻǳĬ˰Σٴ̽ԵĿ˿ڡ
ҳţĺ񾭹˼ǲ˵óһ
Ȼ˺磬ΪβȥԶ˵Ҫõöࡣ
¸Ļᣬͺһħһ
ȻЩֻѩһЩͣȴûʧ̫á
˷¸ĻһЩ
Ϊܹ뿪Ļ뿪ˡ
ȻԷԸ˵ôĻǾûбҪԼܹ뿪ܡ
ѩ뱾Ҫһڽ¸ԵģȻȴûظ¸
ֻܴں֮أĵطȥˡ˵Щ鶼ǳľʣȴûʸȥһļı任
⻰տʼ˵ĻһЩȻ˺Ȼһʧίζ
¸տʼʱҲܸѩһıӿͷ
ıͬȫģܹɹ뿪ҳɹһļ
ܹڲ뿪֮ص£˳ȥ
İȫķĻѩڶȤδؾͲͬ⣬߸ɴľܾԼ
ǽֻ˼һ£¸ֱȷԼ뷨
ٴαüᶨʱ򣬾͸ɴ̧ͷɴԼѩ롣
ؾǡһɽֻҪصɽĻûˡ
-

292 Լѩ

Ȼ¸˵ѩƺһЩԥ
̫ˣǴҲޱȣĶһЩݵ顣
ΪҲʵڿȥҲʼղԸΪԭ
¸ѵÿ۵֮һȴǲܾһ˲֮¶ġ
¸迴óѩ΢ĶݣǾٽֿʼѩȰ
һж˴ŵ飬ܹҳȥõĻֺαһӶͣ֮㻹ǻ⣬ѵ㲻ӻЩȤ𣿡
Ȼѩľ͸ˡ
ϸһ£ƽһػĳղŷ¸Լ硣
ϸһԱȣе뷨Բ
ο¸Ҳһ̲סҪΡ
˵˴õѩĻҲȷҪȥͷ
˽죬ͻո£ƽһˡ
ðɣȷǷǳ߱ƻĵɹ˵ˡ
Ļ¸ȷʮ־ϲġ
ȻûеӦôһ£Լѩ±ҫһâ
¸һ㶣֪ζʲôѩûиԼ֪һԼԼΪԼԼޡ
˵ԼɣȻҲͳΪ͹ϵ
¸ȻҲûǿѩĴ㣬˵еԼ޸Ͳ͹ϵǲսĺû顣
ôоڲϵ
ǿƸ¸ǩԼ֮ѩ;Щֵ˵һ
ȻĻ䣬ŵµķٴֳ
һβǵ޽ԼķҲʲôνĽڲϵ
µĳֱѩɴ۾ȴҲ޷ǰľ
ԭںͷ¸޽ԼΪԼ֮ԼȻõ˽
˵Ƿǳƽ飬Ҳûʲôֵֵġ
Ȼѩ𾪵ǣ¸޽ԼΪԼޣȻһֱӴʮ۷ʮ״Բ
˵һŵǣҾһΡ
Ϊ޽ԼίԼˣ벻󴫵˵ľȻҡ
ѩҲʮֱֵڿ죬˵Ҳֱĺܡ
¸ֻ΢΢һЦǶĻô⡣
ĻȻ˵ֱֱȥȴǿԼġ
¸Ѿ˻ϵȻҲûбҪΪ˶ƽϡ
һζ˵ʮԲˣԵõ޽һͷʮԼޡ
ҳɹذ˽ܹһͬȥ磬һжֵϲġ
˵޽Լ֮󣬾ҪѩҲپܾԼ
ΪڵѾغˣȻѾԼ޽ԼǱܹԼ뿪Ļ顣
˫޹ϵԵȻҲṰá
ѩ뻹һ𾪣¸ֱӵǰ
ȻһѩûҲû˵ʲô
¸Ҳ̾˿һʮʱ˷ѩ֮УڲһһõԼҪĶ
ôʮѰҾͲǰ׷ѵģҲڿԽˡ
߰ɣԻؾȥˡõ˫ά˹Ҳоˡ
˵ȻҲǰѩ档
Ƕѩ˵ģҲͬǶԯ˵ġԯһͷѩǸп֡
û뵽ԼҲһ죬ԷԼƽȶԴʱ򶼲Լ
ܵǰδеӣʼձԣڴҵڸˡ
벻ѾѰȻΪ˾ˡ
ȻǰҲͬΪ˾Ѱ˫࣬ȻеĴȴ̰ޱȵġ
˷¸⣬ҲܹۣȻҲû顣
Ȼûƭҡ
ؾķ羰ʮֺõģʱѾǱѩˡ
ѩ뿴ĳ̲סֱӸ̾ͿʼĴĦ
¸һһ龰ָָԶѩɽ
ûƭɣѩɽеĻһȦͺˣʱˣҰҵƺˣǾͿһͬȥһļˡ
ѩеʮ˷ܣȻҲͿʼĴܶ
֮˷ܵӣ¸ȻҲεҡҡͷ
ҪĻǸϽά˹Ҫŷš
-

293 ҹ̽

¸ԯôͻˣһǸеʮ˷ܵġ
Ҳ֪ڲ˷ܣǰѯʽʱ
ܹһ֤Ѿԭ񣬶ʣµĽҪƵҩȻԼĸˡ
һûǰǣɾľչԼĸ硣
ν굤ƵĹ̲ѰҲһѣڷ¸˵ȫڻ¡
ֱܿӰ굤ϣҴ굤ֱȥҵһά˹
ʱ˿̣ά˹ڴϣƲʡ¡
һȴչ˵÷ǳãԵʱɫûôѿˣȥʮֺ
µһٴο¸ԼҰʱһǵҩɣԼĸѾоˣԼæӭȥ
¸裬һˣǵĻҸ绹֪ܲٴѹлл
һĻ¸赭Ц
ܿҲٴɫеĵҩά˹˹ȥ
һԷ¸ԼĲǲû̫⣬֪ڸʤһС
ֻҪܹѵùȻС¡
¸Ҳ϶Ϊ˸ϽһµҩЧŻӡ
Ұιҩ
ά˹Ĵ֮󣬷¸һԸ
ŶŶ
˷¸Ļ֮һعȻæ
¸ֻ΢˵ά˹ſ죬ȻִһĺȻȻļǴڻ״̬ά˹Ҳɵİƺ˵ĵҩȥ
Ȼά˹ڷ˵ҩ֮Ҳȹࡣ
עŵĿ֮л˹
ë۾֮󣬿ĵһ˾Լĵܵܡ
Լĸ˹һҪϲ
ԼĸѣȻܹ̫ڼ
һӲر˻ȥȻЦŶԼĸ˵磬ˣû¾ͺã
ҩЧ¸Ҳһ
һԼĿڴˣ֮ǰŬҲûа׷ѡ
¸ͺʲôȻϽά˹ȻѾ˹ҿȥ޴󰭣Ȼȴûа취ʹˣɻΣ֮С
Ҫ˵ʵĻڵά˹һзҲûʲô
ΪҪ֮ǰˣҲûг׺ԻҪһչˡ
Ҷֵһ˰Уһ㶼òá
ǽгֻܿԯͷ¸裬˹ͬ취ˡ
ϸһ֮󣬷¸Լ뷨
Ȼά˹ǲܹҪĻǰһϵĿǰΪֹõķ
˷¸Ļ˶˵ͷϿ뷨
ȻҪȴô׵ģһüͷ˼һ£ֽתһȦ
˼һֲۣЩͷɥ
Ȼô˵ȻǼ˭Ҳⲻ˽Ǻá
⻰ֶ˳Ĭ
ʵ¸軹һ뷨ģֻ뷨̫ðգҲǻصĵص㡪Ļǡ
ȻĻǳѾǽпڵͶ
ȻĵطҪٶȽϵĽ
ĻǳûĻҵǸĵطҲԴа
ҲΪ򵥴ֱİ취ˡ
Ȼðղûʲô˵ȫһĶǵС
ҪȥĻȻǷǳ׵ġ
ȻҪϵΣգȴҲ˵ĹȥͶùȥġ
֮󣬷¸ĵһӦһ³µ˵
뵽һ÷ӣǻĻȥྩȻǳΣգȴҲ졢Ѹ١򵥴ֱİ취ˡϾµĽôһܹ˽ķӡ
ǾȥɣʱһЩά˹˿ڣҵܵܽҪֻҪСһͺˡ
Ǿ˾һװ磬ջһ̤ĻϽĵؽ硣
ôûȻԭȵǴͬһֵĸо
⻰һ˵ģΪǺξͬ
֮ǰҲûб¸ݹԼȻһЩϰߡ
ά˹վߣѾ࣬ȴԼĵܵһܶð
¿ԼĵܵķӦɵõľЩЦ
ôˣΨһķӡ
ȻߵԵʮɣȻȴûκһʶõǵһһ
̤Ļ֮󣬾ʼձĻǳྩֻ뻢ˡ
¸ȴڼƻŽ飬ҲǷ¸̽һҹ̽
-

294 

ҹܿˣװһķ¸ĵǱ˴ʱ˿̿Ϣĳ
Ȼո̤ʱһȺǱضʱĳͻȻ˷
ྩӰ̤˳ϵƺͺˣɫҲ֮ǰ졣
ͷ·ά˹˵˲һ˷¸Ϊ⣬š
벻㵨ӵͦģȻҶһ˴ôǰˣұһ򾡵ġ
¸軹ֱӴȻྩͻȻ֣һƣװץ
¸׾ٵرԼסྩǾһЩȵġ
תһ룬֮ǰ¸˵ҲûкãԲŻӣȻҲûй⡣
ԼѾ׵ĸץסˣԾͶǷԸ
ץ֮ǰʣµǸҲҪ
ǣ
¸˳ӵرһΡ
˵ǵΣʵһιעһĽ磬ֻ翴ȥ͸һûʲô
ұؽȥ˵ķ¸ƺƶ˺ѳȥȻҲûбסֽš
ڽ֮ǹѺ˵ĵطһ졣
¸վȻĴžͷһطƺеص㲻̫һ
΢Ĵһ£־Ȼһ۷
۷ڱ˷Ǽٵ֮ȻȻҲֱˣ۷澹ȻĲһܡ
ôŸˣ¸еЩֵüͷ
ⲻˣһͷʮ׵ޣܸܵϴѹ˵⻰Ƕ౦
౦䣬¸軹δü𾪣Ǹ࣬ʵ޻εʮ޾ͻ۾
вδڵ⣬ҲǱŵ״̬ԶԼκв
Ƿ¸ͿʼŸ죬ʮܻεĻҲӦܹͬѩһֱӿԲŶԡ
ãҵͬ˵ʮ޻ζһΪһֻͨ࣬ǱྩŶԡ
Ļ˵һ롣
ǰʮ˵ɤ쳣Ȼȴβסʧ䡣
¸ԴֹҪ̽ΪҪ˵Ҳܿ췴Ӧ˹ʲô˼
ȻûеԼ뷨ʱǸζ޾Ȼڽ͡
ҵȷǱྩġ
¸Ȼĵ˵ͷ
Ȼ֪ԷһǱˣҪȻҲͲᱻྩʲô۷ϼ˶ļ
ԼǱץŵ֮ڵģ˲ǱץģѲɻԼܽ
ΪԷʵȥʮǿ󣬲ҲԼԭʲôޡ
Է¸Ϊ˲ȡΣҪ˽һЩȻȻҲ͸һûһ˵Ż
ԭʲôޣҾȻ˿
Ǹ⻰Ȼ΢΢һЦ
ҽХԼġҵԭͣһ
⻰¸һͷʾ⡣
ҲΪ̫ģһ֪ﱻҲһˣʱԼһ֡
˸̾ʮ޵ǻ⣬Ҳ˾Щۡ
Żûȷ¸ѯʣХԶԷظԼĹ¡
ҲǱྩץİɣǰҸոջεʱ򣬾ͱĻǳһ꣬ҶҪǿԼϰˡ
Ļ¸ྩ䲢еȡ
½ÿ˶Ϊٵػӳ˵ƽ档
ֻ÷¸еȵǣǰֻСȻྩꡣ
Ҳ֪ྩθ룬ҪԼʲôԸ⣬ҪĿģ
Щδ֪ģ¸òҲûټѯȥ
ΪХԼ˼룬ھ͸ͨһ
ʵöҲ˺ϣԷ¸ȻҲͲ봥ĵߡ
ŷ¸ƣХϡ
ХЩϿ˸ָķģΧҲһЩΪ󷨣
ӵдڵȴҲֻбѹΪķݡ
ԿХǷǳ֮ģȻѹΪԲһֱδܴȥ
ҲΪʲô֮ǰһ͵ȴܹԼȥԭ
ԼҲͬʱҲ÷¸̾ྩ˵Ľƻ֮
벻Ͽȥ˾ӣȻɵĶ顣
-

295 Х

Щڷ¸˵Ҳûʲô̫ôǷǳ֮ģ
ԼܵƣȻͬȴְ취ơ
Ҫ֪ϵҪǿ̫ˡ
ȻҲܹƣԱֺܵ
һ˼һ£֪ХԲԼô򵥡
ܹʲôķǶԼһǳ顣
ΪֻҪȥ֮ϵЩȻȻҲͻᱻʱָԼĺôɾͲһǰˡ
Խֻ˼һ£¸Х̸
ѭѭգХҪ뿪𣿡
Хһ⻰ʱ
ЦҪ뿪Ҫ뿪ﶼҪˣ
֪ǰӸսʱʼͲͣҪ뾡ְ취
ȴʼδһֱ
ôģȻҲ˻ش¸ġ
밡ȻˣôΪʲô취ܹҳȥ𣿡
Х˼¸Ҳûԥ˵ͷһȷĴ𰸡
˷¸ͷӦХǼȻ˷ܵؿ˷¸衣
¸ŻδХٴο˵ֱӸԼҪ
ҵȷܹȥҲһҪҵ顣ҪԴΪԸ𣿡
Ը⣡ХˣֻҪܹȥҵȻʲôԸˣ
ˬĴӦֺ֮ܿԥ
ΪԼʮ֮ߣǾһֻлΪܹųȥ
ХҲһʮֱ׵ˣôģҲαֵġ
ɵҿ˷¸֮󣬷¸뷨
ΪХֵԼ¸ڸ̸֮ǰȻҲҪֵԼ
˵ҲҪ뾡չʾһԼֻҪܹõΣﺦ᲻ӦԼأ
Ƿ¸ҲͲԥǶû˵ֱӾ͵Хʩչһ󷨡
ڿ˷¸ʩչ֮ХϵĻһɨգȡ֮˷ܡ
ʱ˿̿ȥˣҲһųȥ
뷨˼꣬һܹһͬȥ࣬ôܲΪ˶е˷ܣ
Ͻһ߼Ŀŷ¸裬һ߸æ˵ˣҽ󷨰ɣҪȲˣ
Хһǳ׵Լܹȥ¸Ȼ΢΢һЦȻ뷨
˵Ҫ̸ʲôµХʱԼ̸ĺúõģҲڴӦȥ֮ȴˡ
Ҫ֪ҲǵһˣԷһʮ׵ޣȴҲò
ΪֻҪԼĵ뷨Ͷ˼ά֮󣬴˶һЩа˼
˶֮ܵ˼ȻҲûдǰôˡ
ԺпХҲӣԼ뿪֮ȥַˡ
Ϊ˱鷢¸þԷһĻҲҪЩ취Ŷԡ
ɣղŵʱҲҵɣҲҪ̽һ㡣Ϊ˱ȥ֮ͷˣܷھʹԼҾ̵ܹķȥҽ󷨡
ХΪ¸Ҫ˵ЩʲôأһֻԼѣ˵ɲʲô¡
οΪҲǣͬһǱȻΪ˵ѣ
ղԼ˶ԷôԷһԼҲΪԼɵõҪ̾һ¶ԷǴ
ҳҪȥʵ̫ڼˣûô˼ֱӴӦ顣
ãھԼԼˣֻҪܹҳȥǼΪҲԸ⣡
˵⻰ǰֲ٣Ǽ˼Χͱʼձ̬
Ȼ˵ʼձŲܻ֮ǰ״̬ҲʼձҪ̫ˡ
ϵԼž۰Ͱ͵ĵŷ¸̲סҪߴһ
ЩЩҪȲˣȳȥ֮ұȻҪúõĽѵһǸྩҲұ˼ʹ࣡
¸ЦЦҲûκԥֱӳ󷨡
֮ХʵҲҲûκѹƣͺһƷɿͬʱҲ˿ɵ
ӡХͬྩྩڳԼķ֮󿴵Х˳ŵתӡ
Ҫ֪ĳХ϶һֱģѾ꣬˳ǿ϶ҪԼġ
ྩһҪܣЩĳһҪɾ
ྩܵӰХХ̻һ׷ȥ
-

296 ˸־

¸Ҳûżֻ֪ҪХֵĻȫû˳ֵıҪ
׷ȥҲǸХ£Ǿôȥˡ
ȻԭصûһХֻˡ
ûκѪͬҲྩټԷ¸һЩ֡
Ҳ֪ɱ˲Ѫûнྩ׽
Ȼ־޵ĻôХȫܷ˶ԷѲ
һζû÷¸ʣХ֮ȥһЩͷɥһЩץζ
ţַǳʵ˵ţɶ񣬾ȻǸྩˣ
⻰¸費һ
벻Хһʮ׵ޣȻྩӵ
ƻĺܣʮóݣʱֱҲʲô벻顣
Ȼȴܹʮ޵Ƥӵ¾ߣҲһЩ͵ġ
Ȼǧ꣬ȻôĴ£͵͵ͽȴܹ
ڷ¸˼ʱվԱߵХҪҲ졣
ξȻûܱ𣬻ǸƻļһˣһĻҾԻҪÿ
һ⻰һХҧгݵӣ¸֪һòᡣ
ȥҲʮֲ˵ģҪҲȷʮǿҵİɡ
ⲻѵʮޣֺòܹΣȻʮϲ顣
ȴĽӹϱһ꣬˭ЩԽܣ͸Хˡ
ԾХ¸Ҳܹˡ
ȻȴҲ֪ܹܲˣǷ¸Щεİο
ûϵģξǱˣҲˡûҽεĻҲ˶áܹȥĻҲᱻ׷ɱͷİɣ
ߣХ̲סһõűȥǾԲŹģ˸ĳŵ֮Ҿͻһֱȥ׷ɱֱնݳѣж˿Ĳݣ
¸̲ס̾˿Ҳ֪Ӧϲǡ
ȻҲ֪Ļǳྩ׺ȥδӣҲԼûʲô̫Ĺϵˡ
֮ХԼôԼļ˱Ҫһͬص۶ȥˡ
һ鶼Լ޹ϵںֻᷢʲô飬ҲͲܷ¸ǵˡ
Ƕڷ¸˵ĻǳһˣȻҲ׸ûκε
ûĹǵĻǣ˶ҲŻɡ
ˣ㲻˵ҪеԼͿ˵ɣ˵֮һҪϾҪ뿪ˡ
ԭХѾӸղŵлŷ¸飬ץʱҪԼִеԼ
ڼ˵ǱǰҲԵԼ˵ҪʲôĻҪ׷ɱྩˡ
ȻҪ̤֮ûлͷ·ó̡
Ҫڽ·ߵ̹ȻΨһİ취ǽǰеԼ׵ɡ
֮ǰûбųʱǷ˷¸ģȻҲҪ֡
Ļ¸ԼԭҪΪԼ顣
Ǿ͸æХ˵ŶҲˣɣʵΪΪߣҵѽһ½
һ֪ྩǸ쵰Ĺ¾Ƿ¸ûҪҲͬ⡣
ҲȻȻĸŷ¸ά˹һ
֮Хû˵ֻһʩֱӰһϵĽ⿪ˡ
ˣķӡѾҸ⿪ˣĻҪԼ޸мǲܹڵһʱ֮ھʹȫȻĻ̫õľҲͨ
һ֮ʮϲһ÷Լȫˡ
Ȼȴ֪ʱ򾿾ӦøлХӦøл¸衣
ȻХȴûи˼ĻᣬԼ֮󣬱ֱӸ¸ӱ
ҪȥҵˣԵٻɡ
˵Хͬһһ뿪
ıӰ¸ĬĬȻȴҲٶȻعžûٹ顣
һХıӰһЩ֣ΪѾ֪˶Էݡ
ĲͨԾ͸ɴŷ¸ѯ
㲻һߵĻһʮֵĻ顣
һĻ¸赭Цҡҡͷ
α˸־ͬΪı
һԵ޹ʵ׷ôҲʵ˵ȥ
ֻ仰¸貢û˵ڡ
-

297 

ܿ죬ά˹ϵҲ׺ˣֵһʱʽ¸л
һνչʮ˳ֵ֮ƺ¸ʱܣֱӸξһ¸衣
ô飬֮ҲȷʵǸһ
ϾѼ飬ʱҲܹǵͬ飬õ֮١
¸һֻǽύ
һﴦ֮󣬷¸뿪Ļǡ
ǻ뿪ɣྩҲѾˣڴ˴ѰҲûκε壬ǰ۶
ȻҲʾͬ⡣
һͷ絷⣬޲һ̾ץ·
˼򵥵ʰһ£ûκƷ֮󣬾ͺ̤ܿǰ۶·;
Ȼ·;ңԶȻȴҲòķʽн
Ȼǳ˷·;ϵʱ䣬ȻΪ˻ȥѾֶˡ
տʼʱҪ뿪ĻǣҲ˲ʶǵģǿԷĴ󵨵·
ȻһĻǣǾûκһʶͬҲû·ûΪָ·
ûãһ˾ʧ·;֮С
ѽǲǵķôܸо̫Ծء
֮󣬸оܵĳԾģһԼ뷨
һֱߵά˹۲һܵ龰Ҳɵõüͷ
ȻҲ·ԽԽϡ٣ͣҪһ·Ҳ·ˡ
ܶǸߴĴľֱͬǸոմѧԺؾ߳Ļһ
²ٹ˶þҪɭˣĻ֪ǲҶ˷
һƫˣǿɾҪĿĵԽԽԶˡ
Ȼô˵Ҳûʲôôȴûһ·
Ǿֻ̾˿Ѱ֮ǰܹ뿪ķ
ŸոĴѰһ֮󣬷¸ĿԶһϡ
ǰˣȥҲܹ뿪
ﾹȻڣһ˶ʮ˷ܡ
ΪĻͲﶵתתʧˡ
ֻҪ˿ϴ뿪ĻǾͲʼͬ;ĸһĴײ
Է¸ʹ˺ԥֱӭȥ
⽻飬һά˹ġ
Ϊ龰ҲȽ϶࣬¸ԯ־ֲԸ롣
һ͸˵ˣҪ£
Ȼά˹ȥǴ򽻵
ά˹ҲûʧΪⷽ涮ûǷǳĶģȥ֮͸һֹӵܵĸо
ѯǹҲʮֱ
Ǻãºͼλͬ·ˡκûκһ·ԲҪǰѯʸλһ˴ǺεأȥӦҪһ·
ȺһӶ˴ˣ˴ѯʵֱӹ·;飬ʮò
Աֱ΢ЦŻشĻҽһһȺ˵
ҲֻһͨӶŶѣڻͼӵܻس̵;СǡҪȥķֳǣҲǺ͵۶һģ͸һɣ
ӶԸһ·Ϣ¸ϲ̾ʹӦ
Ͼָ·ȴԶ˴·̹Ļȷһ·϶·
Ҫһ·;֮󣬻Ҫѯ˽Ҫôߡ
Ȼ·;ȴֳӡ
ǼӵܿȥʮƲ¸˵ӣ·Ҳûٶ䳰ȷ
ǸӣӿҲΪ·ΣգԲŷҪͽҪǵӶһͬǰɣ
˵⻰ЩӵеСϴˣֽ翡
Ҫ˵⻰ܹ˵óڣоݵˡ
Ϊ¸ΪԲŻᱻ翡Ʋ
ΪûκŻ䳰ȷ
⻰һЩ಻ס֮ǰѧԺҲǴһµ״ֺ̬ܹ裿
ȭͷ߬÷ǳĽҪֱǰ֡
ȴһԵķ¸ʾ԰꣬һ侲
Ȼһ侲ȴ˵ı䱾ֱ֮Ӷŷ¸迪ʼһ
ô£ǿ׳мһСȥһҲǵŮػŻͽȺ˰ɣ
⻰˵ʵΪһЩһ΢侲һЩά˹̲סΪ˶
ȴٴα¸ʾҪ嶯
-

298 ǧһ

ԯһֱһĬҶֵҪΪ¸򱧲ƽͷõ翡л
ȻԯȴֻڰʵжһЩʵԵıѡ
֮һ˵ĶУǻһЩĪģпԱ¼޷͵顣
ͱ˵翡´ᱻͻȻ⿪ҾһһЩղס䵽˵ϡ
ҿӦĿ죬ûǰ߹⡣
Ȼ¾ȺͬҲҪԴ˶Цһˡ
ɶ񣬵ô£ôЩĪ顭
Ϊ˻ղŵΣΪǲһƵ翡Ҳֻͬһֹš
Ȼû뵽˿ӣҸ߳ȥûһܵ
һα֮ǰңֱ޿ɱˤһʺ
ߵǼͬ鶼̿Щ߳ŭ
ֱӺվ
ֻǾһЩ죬ȴҲϵŢڵסˣڵӿȥ֡
ĵһӦ¾Ƿ¸ģǻعͷ͵ָ˷¸裬˲Ҷ˵š
Щ£¶µֽŰɣû֮ǰȫûзΪʲôƫƫù¶ң
µĲûдЩ鱾ԯ䱳ֽţԲŻᷢ顣
Ȼԯôܾϣʵǲϣֻԯ䶼ˡ
˵׷ʲôģһɴĳŵ翡ش
ɱѪ˰ò֤͸ϽϣҪɾͱˣ
˵֮һʮֵɪЦЦӿȥ֮ǰξмơ
ɼһԯʮֽŻ˵ɪ
Ȼȴѵ翡ùǺָǰ죬ȴҲ˵Ȼ
㡭ߣ
ҲֻܱͷȥһԼ֮һ˾ͼ·ˡ
һ·Ҳûʲô⣬ԴҲദలá
Ȼ֮ȴ벻Ľˡ
СһЩǰҪ·ˣ֮ǰǾɸ߽޳ûģ
¸ȻԴ̫ע⣬ȻȻӶŵųܹ⣬ôҲֵӡ
ʲôֻҪǳɾܹ
˵⻰Ļǵ翡֮ߣΪеһȺӵдԪӤڡ
ѾǼߵΪˣֻѰﻹǳͣԲŻ὾βͣһʱ֮Ҳ硣
ʵͷ¸Ǽ˵ʵʲôأ
ֻ¸ʵԵ翡ǲ֪ˡ
һӵܣŮŮһΪ°Ĺǻǲ
֮ǰҪһ·ˣҲԸӶŵųŻŵġ
翡ʼʱܹóȺӵܵͷˡ
ΪļȺҪӵĳһЩΪΪ˻ҪͻҲֻԪӤڴԲˡ
ӶųĻҲߵĿʼţ
˼߽ôֻҪǸҳܹһ򾡣ͷͷնɱ
ԴӶųҲֻͬοԼһЦЦϾ
ǵĿľǻӵܵĵӣǵЩȻȻҲܹ̫⡣
ӦͱѾǶԼˣڶԷܴܲʲô߽ޣӶŵҲ̫Ըȥ̽
Ȼ翡һԿĻȴͬ˲һ
ΪĻûãԶ㴫һ춯صۺ
ǰԶһͷȻһǾŽޡ
ˣⷽȻ鴫̫Сˣ벻һһŽޣǺá
µһľҪӶųˡ
ΪԼڵȺ˾Ǻ
Ž޵Ļ˵ȺչŵӵˣӶŵȫҲһĶ֡
ȻӶųڼ䣬һٴ̨֮ԭֻʣһƬѪģ
ۿŸղӲվֱֵӱĳ࣬Ӷ˶ʱеµĻ
ҿɣˣ
ǼӵƺոմӰзӦ˹֮ңʧһ߼ţһĴӴܡ
Ȼ޾ͷ·ǶʲôѶϢһֱӾͳǼӵܶȥ
еһŮӿ˹Ǻԥؽԭܵ°˳ȥ
ƺҪԼ޵Ĺ
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299  

Ҫ
°ŵУȻеʹȴûдҲûʧȥ֪
Թһ֮Χ죬ֱ۾
û뵽ǣʱ˿̵¸豧ڻ
ҷ¸ʼȥƺǴ㽫°͵԰ȫĵط
ԭղҶеһŮ°˳ȥƣ
ǧһ֮ʣ¸ֱ֣Ұ˾
ԯҶֵҲץͷϳɵľͽһͷŽѸ¡
ǰͷ޸֮ȺƺҲûзӦɱ۾ͷܡ
неҵĿ¾ҪղŴ亣ڵĵ翡ˡ
ˣ˰޸ɵ
⸱ģһЩЦߵǰס˫ۡ
һһض˵˴ӣ۾úõĿѾǸˣҪˣҵĶ䶼챻ˣ
һ֮У翡ʱҲӦ˹ʱٴκ
ȻһȴҲ˵ĻˣΪԷոʵ֤ǵǿ
ôҲ˵Լ֮ǰЦǵЩΪڶԷȫЦһ
ڶԷûгԳ˼Ѿǳĸˡ
Ҳ˵翡һĹµĻᣬ˸ղŵ¼ּʶһ¶ԷʵΪ֮ǰԼǵΪеѡ
ӶŵųҲΪԼʼľеҡ
Ƿ¸˳ֵĻǲһСпܻȫû
Ӷųֱǰ˫ֱȭǵл
벻λſȻز¶ĸ֣οɵǸлԼǵĻǵСҪˣ
Ҷֵ⻰ЦЦֻһʲôû˵
¸ǱҲοܵ˾ŵ°صԯ˵ߡ
ԯʰղŽ˵ľŽ޵޺ˣʰֱ֮˳Ӹ˷¸衣
ʵһٶ˴ţڷ¸һпȥҲ
˸ղŵ飬ٶȫζ
Ǿ÷¸һУ⿴ȥΪͨķ¸Ⱥϴ
Ȼ֪¸ڿȥòҲȫΪݶѡ
ԼȥòƽƽҲֻǲ̫עĿ
Ҳû뵽˸ղŵһȻԼͬɵСеϴ
ʰ˲о֣·֮󣬶𽥾һֺ÷¸Ŀ񳱡
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ʼʱһ߰ĵ翡Ҳͽ¸裿
Ҫ֪ʼʱҷ¸鷳˾ڵѧڡ
Դ˷¸ҲûΪ֮ǰǳ𣬵ȴҲûн⼸˵ֺá
ǰ˵շ磬ҽ££Ǿ䣡
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С⻰ʲô˼ҲĻղھ˾Ž޵ĹʱƺСƳȥİɣ
⻰ԭЦ棬Цȴ˲佩Ӳϡ
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Ҫ֪°֪ȴ޲Ļô°ĵǾԲ˵ġ
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300 ݷ

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ֻ⸱ӣʱûȥ
ԼľѯԼ״ڸеϲͬʱһ˿ɬ
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ԭһηֳ¼ҵϵһǰðա
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˵翡°ĸ⣬һ˵ӵлһˡ
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Ҫ֪¶裬ʵÿȥ̫󣬵ȴͨ簲ϢıرҩƷ
Զ˺ôҲθƢãûʲô̫ĹϵĻȫؽЩǡ
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ˣǴ˱˻Ϊһһͬǰȥðյͬ飬ûж롣
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Ը¸˰˷ǳõסҲ˺ͬʳĴ
ЩǶԹͲеĴȻǼȴûЩǶԴӵͬҲ˵顣
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301 ޹ʻԼ

һʱ֮䣬¼ҵ´˷ֳǵĴС¼Ҳ˳ġ
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ڴǰĺѹϵȦûκεϿԡ
ȴȫͽԼܲ¼Ϊ˶е
һõʱҲֻѣһʮʮ٣ͰļҴźǰݷõ鴫˸顣
¼ҼﲻǰݷõǣȻԷ¸˸мѡ
ʵǲ˼벻ĸڴˣ֮ǰΪֻǺӵļͬѣδ뾹ˡλ˴дҪҼƽϲǣ
ʵô˵ҲֻһЩǫĻѡ
ϾҲûжԷ¸輸˲ʲôðǿĺܣҲް㵡˼
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Է¸˶Դ˲ްƽϣȻЦЦ
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ܹϼףԺ¸Ҳϵ
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302 ҧһ

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һĳˣȻҲܶ¼鲻ܲˡ
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һͲ˼¼Ҽѯȱ𼱣⾿ôһ£Ҳ˵˵оݵĻǻġ
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Ҳûаֵԥʼȥ
λ֪ǳҵȷǼҰлԼȻȴǼǼû䣬ڻġδ뾹ȻĽڹϷҧһڣҲʵǲβ͸еԭ򣡡
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οԼĵܴܵĸԼҲͬĶб֧ţΪĴ֮׵ҵ档
ȻҲΪֱǣӦøϽĳֽѵһǡ
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ȻⲢΪǼȻҲУǾ;ҶֵͲõġ
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ά˹ȴûκֹĴ㡣
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303 ߵ

Ϣܿʹ˳ȥڷֳֵ÷з
ΪֳǱͲرĴ󣬱۶˵ֱСĺܡ
ο쿴ֵ˼ֶ࣬ǼԸ⿴ֵġ
ԹȺڴȥϢνǱȺǨٶȻҪ죬ԺܿŪü˾֪
ҴʱҲ£ɴľۼڴСʼ
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˶ʱȤΧ
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Ѳû˵ǿͷߡ𣿳ڷֳǿһĴڣǶһֳǶҪ
Ļ˼꣬ǸĿ
ҲɶԴ۷׷ףͺһ첻Ǿܹһֱȥһ
ϾֳȻС²ϣôʵ֣ԹȺǻǲŹġ
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ͱ˵ȫûаİõڼż硣
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˵⻰ǳҼȥһҲͲηųĺݻ
Ҫ˵ŵĻҲӦģõҵСүһ
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ǼȻǵǰǾͲҶԴ˶˵һͷĬ
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Ļ䣬ѾƮȻڵء
ղԼĸά˹ǹ̤նģܹڶԷĵһӡһá
ȫ½ǻٶֽš
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304 һ·

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ڵ۶ǵʱ򣬷¸һǵʵҲ㲻ʵΪǿ
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ЩӦͬʱҲԼߵ壬ȴֲ֪ӦǺá
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ʲôҼʱӲȻһ緶
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ȻϹȴʮֵλǶԷѾǰȴû˿ҪĴ㡣
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ΪĶȫжԷһëôǾټ¶ҲܹеùԷ
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ʱڰĳѾ˵ȫû뵽׷µĹȻ˺
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ҪûΪԼΪ֮ǰǲߵġ
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305 ٴ̤ó

ˣϵˣ³Ҫˡ
Ҽڿ˷¸ԯ֮󣬾̲סǷϵ
ĳĻע⵽ǰĵˣ羹ȻҲѾ˻ϡ
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ʱҼҡͷЦȴ𽥵ļᶨ
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Ȼ˵ĻƴҲҪΪıһԸԪԱౣͬھвȡҺһ·
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һһֱЦ˳
ΪԭҲҪҸϾɱ̸ֺǼһ·һ˵
ȻȻ飬ǾҪΪԼļ鸺ȫ
ȻѾЩ£ǾͲܱ׷Ź
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Ǳû뽫ǸϾɱ˼ֻǾƲԳԷƣһĻǵĿֻϣسŵȻû֮ڳǸǱһҪڷֳг
⻰˼ԲҲ˵ҪҼȫ˳ֳǡ
Ӵ˷ֳҲûһңҲû˿ĵλˡ
ڳҼ˵ȣֱҪ̫࣡
ǼµǱסˣɨΣ
ҲһһĻᣬȻԥĴӦˡ
ãҴӦӽҳҾټ°ֳǣ
һǸһˣǴԺҲҲû˸ס¼ҵļܡ
ǿ¼ҵĵλҲǸ⼸һˮǴߣ˳Խҵ˼
ٲȻһٴλع鵽˶ҵĵλ
ãԷӦõõĶѾ˻ҲΪǵõĻرѾﵽ
ô¸ҲûбҪڴ˴ͣȥˡ
ϾǵĿĻǻصʳǵ۶ԲҪȥĵط
ȻҲĿѾ֮ڴ˴Ķ
ĻֻǻصѧԺʱӡ
Ǿʹ·
¼ЩӶлǵĿҺҵļλͬ鲻վҪ뿪ֳǣһǰλġ
¸¼ҵĴ֮ϣһ֣˵һԼصǰݼĿġ
¼ҼҲû뵽Լļôķ¸˾ȻҪô뿪
˵Ҳ֪Ǻǻ
Ͼ¸Ҳǰǲٵæǽǵļλع鵽ǰǸǼһ㹻ĳӡ
Щ㹻ǰѷ¸˵Ӷмһġ
ȻڶԷȻҪô뿪иᡣ
¼Ҽ⻰ǼæλվЩ͵ǵǰ
λǰҪ뿪𣿲С֮ڶЪЪʳȻ̫ңԶȻȴҲҪЩʱյģЪϢ졭
ˣ¸òĴּҼ˵ȥĻǱҲֻѧԺڵѧѣڴ˶̫ãѧԺģһȻڴ˴жˡ
¸ô˵¼ȻҲٶֹ
ȻʱѾ¸˴ʮѺõ¼ȴվ˳
ǰҲҪһͬǰȥһǣǲ֪ԼжôǳΪ˴ﵽߵˮƽΣǻҪһǰȥ
⻰˵ġ
ϾǼĳӣ¼һĶɿԼʵܹһ㣬Ҳϵġ
Ҿ°Ҳ԰ģƺǷǳ᲻⼸λǰһ
ǰҲҪһͬǰʵȲλֺȴҲϣܹΪһǿЧ壬Чλǰ
Ȼ֪ǶһŻϵģȻһȴ˵뿪ܹ뿪ġ
ǻûдﵽǸʵԺҲǡ
ȻҪԼ㹻ˮƽܹǰȥѰҡ
Է¸Ϳؾܾǣȴָ޵Ĺϣ
ǼҪȥ۶ǣʵˣ۶ѧԺǣǻǡ
˵֮󣬷¸˾Ҫת뿪
ʱ¼Ҽٴνסǡ
λſԵһ¡ĳһҲûʲôص䱦Ҫ۶ȥġ۶һξ룬ԽܸһͼϣܹյĿĵأ
Ȼ㲻жôĹأǶڷ¸⼸·˵ֱ
Է¸ЦŽ˹ȥ֮л
лл¼Ȼ˵ĻҵҲͲƴˡԵٴǰԵ֣
˵֮󣬷¸ҲͲԥֱת뿪¼ң뿪˷ֳǣ뿪ЩӵĵεΣٴ̤µó̡
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306 Ӷ

·ϵʱһһ⡣
¸еĵͼһΪѡ
š˻ῴͼȻͼƺǳȷɿ̫
¸ͽͶһԵԯ䡣
Ȼԯͷ¸зһ㣬ŲʵҲɲŮòĳࡣ
ͬȱ㡪Ҳ·ա
һ֮󣬷¸ԯʹӶԷĿжε顣
µģ˵ͼҲûʶĻͼ൱֮
Է¸ֽĿͶվһԵҶֵܣȻҶֵܵһͷ¸ײֿƿˡ
Ц·յһ㣬һ·Ͽ֡
Ҳɲϸóʱֻװûˣ÷¸̫ûá
Ӧ¸Ҳ׹ôһ¡
޷ĸ·һ飬¾һ׼ĵͼҲб𲻳
¼ҼĸǵĵͼŵҲ֮ѡ
Ͼ˼ҲһƬ⣬Է¸òǽͼͿʼİ취
һԺо֣ƺʲôķӡ
ˣǸɴŸ۰ɣܹӿƶٶȣһΪָ򣡡
¸һ˾¶ͬɫͷ
һȺ·һΨһһܹٶȵǵķˡ
Ļʲô
Ȼͬˡ
Ȼƻûб仯죬¸ǰŸհ۸ųȥûԭرֱһ紵㽫ʩˡ
Ƿ۵ʱΪɻĶ΢һ㶫ңὫ۵Сϣ޻֮
ǰͬ˪ӵۣ¸費ɵõε̾˿
Ȼ·ǲѺõģǻǲаɡ
ҸûԶƾһСǡ
֪ʲôСǣȴһЩӶڴ
ǴСܹ黹ܹṩһó
ҪôǻͣҪôǴ·ҪôǰһЩ
ЩӶֻҪǮͿһ˶·Ķ÷¸Щǡ
ǵС֮ĵһ뷨ҪһӶš
ҲûԼ˼˼ֱӾͶ˳
ȻȻϢʱ򣬵ǲЪţİ취ܹҪóģȥһӶŸǴ·ɣ
ͬ·յȻȻҲͬ˷¸뷨ûκηء
ֱӾܾĻѲɽǻҪԼ߻ȥ
ǻ֪Ҫ˷Ѷ೤ʱ䣬ŸɾһЩ
Ǿ¸迪ʼ·ѰС̯ѯһ¹ӶӶĳںδ
Ͼǵһ໷Ϥ
ҲûֳסǼĵطէȻҪѯʡ
¸ͷߵһȥǺƵĴߣֱǰ̯λ˼ȥˮӡ
ֿƴźЦݰĴȥ׿Ŵѯʣһֻֻݹȥӵʯ
㣬ǸУҹӶĵطӦҪȥһأ
Ĵ̯λС⣬½ǵһ˺Ƶˡ
һȲĻֱЦȻȻҲͺԥİѹӶŵλøǡ
·һֱߣ߸ӣԱ߾һӶ¥һ۾ܹó
⻰¸ǳŴһЦлʹԯҶֵ뿪
ղһĻҶֵܿɶǿģȻŵ̿ˮ
ԯͰһĻˣûбֳ̫𾪵ɫ
ܿǾӶղŵĴ˵һոյǾǹӶڵĳ
ΪӴſ濴ȥһ۾ܿӶŶӣΪʲô
߶ǧѷ꣬ȽӵģôܹΪƾֱӶǴ֣
Ҫһ仰¸˾˷ʲô
Ǻԥ˽ȥǴһԹһ״
һȴ֮ƺûû˵ļơ
Ǹ˶ԷӶſƾĺܣȻû˿ֵܵ˵ֹ
Է¸ȻҪǰѯһֹǼ򶷡
λȲҪټȥˣȵСһ棬ʼλΪڴ˴򶷣
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307 

ʵ¸Ѿ״·ʲô飬ȻֱӳȴǳòģҪһԭ
˽⵽飬Ҳûʲô̫Ĳ
ӶŴԭֳͬһ
ǿһӶֽӶţһӶֽԡ
ˣǱͲռû뵽ҵֵǶЩԹƽ
⻰һһǰֹ˫ܶŹȥ
Ȼ˵ĻҲҪˣһֱȥҲֲȻȻҪ񣬲͸ǣٸ߶ô
ӶȻҪȾӶ̬ȵȵȸ鶼Ҫࡣ
ǶԾӶſŰ裬һ뺷ĲҪ͵ӡ
ȻӶſȥȻһӶȴ壬ҿȥ
˫һԱȸȻҲ˭ȽֵΡ
οҲȽԭ⣬ôϲӶһӵ˵̬ȡ
Ȼ֮ǰڷֳǣҲѵˡ
ٽ˫֮һȻȻűȽƵĹӶŽѯʡ
ˣǵô
Ļ˫ӶŶʼһ
һֻһëͷСӶѣȥСҲ롣
һеķ¸ˣһİСӵӣһñһС
ҲɵõĿʼ²⣬ǷʲôǮִŵӵܳ̽棬ԲŹӶ˻͡
ӶȻͱȹӶҪһЩǾøղǸ߶²ҲûЩĴִš
ܹӵӸ߶ղȻҲ͹ãȫûټ˼ˡ
һƿ˹ӶŵˣҲһղŵĻǲѯʵģֱһѯ
Сӣۿǻᣬֱ˵һǵʲôģǸֵΣ
һʱĺƢЦüֱͺƽʱӦ˵ķ¸һ㡣
ǲҪģֻҪһӶȥǣȻҪ鷳ǰˡ
ֻǴ·񣬾Ӷŵ˶ʱֵȱȱ
ȻûҪ̬ȡ
ֻǻѣǡ
ʵ仰ǵ˲û˵ڣһ˵Ļ۸񶼲رĸߡ
οҲûҪֻǴȥǰˡ
Ѷ̫С˷ʱ䲻˵·ʲôΣա
ҪҲ𲻵ʲôãͽԲߵġ
ı֣һȻҲûдһüʩˡ
ղǺЦȴûʧתͷһԵһԿȥЩͷɥĹӶš
أǿԸ𣿡
ȻԸġӶŴͷ˺ԥĻش
ֻÿ˿ȥǳĴͷɥҸȥݼƣްӶӡ
Ҫ֪ӶǸ͹ĺˬӣȻΪʲôܴ졣
վһԭֻǿϷ״̬ķ¸裬̲סѯһµôһˡ
ΪǶ˸ͷɥѲʲô𣿡
ѯôһ£Ȼ黹ûг״ɽףȻͷ˾ͺһģ˵˳״̬ԭ
ˣǶ֪ǵȻҲѴģҲûа취
Ŷ¸ڳһܸȤӡ
ǸҲûаֵԥžͺǽһĸǰľ渵
˵Цǽ£ǽĶʵʵ顣
СӺܾûнӹˣ˱٣ܵĴѹҲ벻ټάˡΪֵǳһڷӳҲίҲֻʲôӡ
⻰һҲ̾˿
ѯʶԷҪҪǵģԶӳ˵ǵľ֮󣬾ʼһѯ
ˣǳļǮʲôģ֮Ǿͼ̰ɡʱ򻹻ҲܹҺڡ
˵⻰СӶӳȥЩҪ̾Ϣӣǿƺҧ
Ȼξ費ѣȴΪ
ϾǶصĺӣ˭øԼ˶Ĺأ
ŹӶŵĶӳҲ˿⡣
ֻ˵֮һȴѯʵͶԼб󷽵ķ¸裬ƺѯһ̸к˵Ľ
¸ʱǰ˼Ȼ˳ǸЦݡ
ֻȥ̬Ҳ䲻
ǽ֣ȴֱڳ˶۾
ǵǣͽʮʯ
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308 Ӧ

õ˴۾ı֮ǸӶƺɡ
ΪǵƺʯĶ٣ΪҪء
˵۶ȻѾĻҪܳһεľˡ
ǴӷֳǸճûãǰʱٶʵ۶ǷǳңԶġ
һ·Ҫټ軹δ֪·ϻ⣬ⶼ֮Ķ
Ҳѱ֤ö೤ʱ䵽۶ȥĿ죬ʱֲһ졣
ʮʯ˵ֵ
ǵĶӳƺΪᣬĶԱЩЩȥˡ
еһǹæǰҪһԼĶӳ
ӳֺ£ôԥʮʯ̸ۣͨϵġε񣬽ܶʳˣ
˵ͷԱҲϽǰȰ⡣
ǰӳ㲻˵Ϊ˳ʳǳɣ֮ǰһֱķϵģûɽӵӿɾȫǲˡ
˶ԱȰ⣬Ƕӳһҧ¶˾ġ
ֵ˵ĶԣȻĺ£Ȼǲܴǽˣ
Ҳ˵Ҫӣܹӵõġ
֮ǰǶӾӶ˵˷¸ҪʮʯһεȻʲˡ
ЦҪǸ֮ǰӶǸһȣ֮ǰǸ߶ʲô
ʮʯȼֱǾţһë
Ӷŵųɵһƽƽǡ
ǵĻֻǻѣ϶İӦﻹݵһֱ˼
ۺ˵ľӶŵųǰʼڮٹСӡ
ֻתһǰȥȻ󽫹Ӷŵһƿ
žͳŷ¸˿ʼûµĺܣһܵ˴յһ϶ǣֻӶŲǰȫǣ
˵¿ܲ٣ȻˣȻҲеԴ޵ĳɷ档
ʣҪǻǿ˷¸˸Ӷ
ֹǶӹӶŵ˻˶ԺȲŵҲ۵Ĵڡ
ǮΪβǿɾԲ
˵⻰¸˻ûеһʱӦӶŵų˾
ֻǶԼӿ˵ĹӶŵ˵ǲǿ֮ǰĸ߶Ǹøˣ˵ǵģǾǵģ
㡭ôôԵ̫
ӶŵųùǺʱһֱܾӶŵ˵Ĵѹ
Ҫ𷴿ҲԲô׵顣
ιǲǳǮģôô϶˵龿ξҲǰɣ
һӶԵķӦǰֹΪǵķӦֱͬһ˲һ
ȻǶӾӶŵ̫Ϊǡ
飬ѡǶȻģŲɡ
һѯʣһûӦ
ǾָֻǸΪǵӡ
ֻǾӶŵųһмӣһ
ЦЦЩƳ˵Ǿ˵˵ɣѡѡǶˣ
һ⻰ɵһЩʿɱˡ
ǹӶһӶڱѹţô˵ȴӶŵûзʸ
ҪڸոյӶʱҲͲᷢڻִһĻˡ
ԿԼĶ鱻Ʋ𣬹ӶŵųʱЩˡ
׻˵úãʿɱ裬㵱ǵ˵ֱǲǵ˿
ȻǾӶŵȴҲʲô֣ʲôƲ硣
⻰Ȼʮֱֲ׳سŹӶŵĶӳ
ôбǾͼҲѹһˣʱ˭б˭˵پͻǱ۸
Ҫ˵ô¸ʱЦǰǵִ
ֻʱ¸ЦȻȥֺ㣬ͬһᣬʵȴ˾Щ
ֻ˾ӶŵųҶ˵ǿһ㣬ôʼʱҵѸ̸еĻǸòᶼ˰ɣ
¸еȻָʼʱǰһ
ʱһҲż磬վһһֵ̬
ά˹ԯҲûвͽ顣
ǾӶŵųȥȴһЩɻ󣬲ҲɻͶ˷¸裬ƺѯʡ
¸Ҳûм˼ǼЦŶ˵ֻҪ˴·ѣȻҪ˳۵ġ
-

309 źݻ

¸ĻԲ˼˵ǵѡȻǹӶš
⻰ʵ̫ӣǾӶŵųվǰ֪ʡ
⻰ʲô˼Ҫ˵Ļ˵һЩҪģɵģ
˵ɡ
ûȷ¸˵һվ˳ҽŷ¸Ļͷ˵ȥ
ѡǡ
˳һָŵķ򣬲ѿҪѡӶš
ΪԷѡǣϾ٣ӲҪ˵ĻȷʵûǶǿһľӶǿ
ǶԷȴʱѡǣӳڸеȵͬʱͬЩԱһͬͶ˸мĿ⡣
ȻǶŰľӶȴȥûа־ɥֻǾһЩΣĳһЩǶӰˡ
Ҳʲôʡ͵ĵƣӣȻҪġ
Լȫ˵ľӶŵų̷˺ݻ
Ҫ̫磬ѡǣڣǾԻǾúڣ
˵֮ԴƣҶݺݵص˷¸輸һۣȻתȥȺԱ뿪
ƺȥ֮ǰڹӶνĸ߶ˡ
ھӶ뿪֮󣬱ǹóɹĹӶŵĶӳ̴ĳԱǰԷ¸˱ʾм
ллǣܹ˸߼۸ӶԹǸмһˡڿǲΪǽ¾ϵǳӣǶˣǸм֣
ӶŵųȥĻмҲԴ¸ж¡
һɫܹóѾǶӾһӶѹ˺ܾˡ
һη¸һܹѡǣǾޱˣҲֵøж
Ȼ¸˶Դȴû⣬˵һ
ȻӶĻȻҪѡһԼоȽ˳۵Ķˡ
ղǶӾӶŵˣ˿ȥһ۾ܹóǾԲʲôǵƲ硣
̫ԸҲ̫Ű裬ǲ䵱Ӷġ
һͬ·Ҳ¡
ֻмʵֺˬųϿҵ˲ܹǵۡ
ǮĶǾͱҪ˳ģαػǮԼأ
οǵоҲ÷¸˿̫ߣ͸һϲˡ
ʱܹѡҲ֮е¡
ղŵҲ൱һСѣҪ黹ǸϽ·ǡ
Ƿ¸ҲûΪᣬ̿ʼǹӶӶ̵顣
Ҫ·Ͼص۶̲ݻǿǷʲôҪ׼ĶǿԸǰʱ䣬ټ·
˵ĻشùСӵǷǳĸж
ֻȷʵ£ҪҲʱӶѰܹӶǵˡ
Ǿͷ׷װֱʾԼûʲôҪ׼ģʱ·
ݵЪŹ󣬷¸ڵʹŹСӵӶ·ˡ
֮ջǺãͬǹӶ˵ӶŸǺˬʵϵˡ
̸֮䶼ǳĿʴ󷽣ûи¸˰ѹһ·ϵնɡ
Ǹոճ˳ǣǾͲԼͬķƺʲôڰиǡ
¸裬ԯǸܵƺβǣҺԶڡ
Ҷֵ̿˷¸ԯ䣬ҸǽܵĶ
¸ԯҲ˵ͷʾҲĸо
Ҳܹȷʲôڸǡ
ӶŵȻһЩͷԣΪǲûиܵʲô
ֻΪ鶼˽ԭǲʡ
ԷûиȷָĻȻҲͲᡣ
ҶֵܵĻ¸ԯ䣬Ȼǵ˵ͷ
̶ֳȵĸٶ˵ʲô飬׾ٵľܹõѾ˺ʵѡ
Ƿ¸ڵ˵ͷ֮󣬾ͶűС˵ȷʵһЩʩչֽţڳǲԶȷʵɧװûзֵӣһξ֮ɡ
⻰˱ʾϿɡ
鲢ҪӶŵ˵ΪȺ˵ҪĿĿǳġ
ҹСӵĴ·ӦҲ˶ˣȻҲûбҪ֪ͨǣĸȫԶԸˡ
һ·ʱ򣬷¸ֱͣЦ˵š
׷һ·Ҳ˰ɣɡҪĻͿЩȰǽⵢ˽·̡
Ǵ·ĹӶŵ˻ûзӦôһ£һֱǵǶӶֱӴӰˡ
ѿǾǶӶǷִǶӶСӡ
벻ǵĸйٵͦģȻܹһ·βǣ
-

310 ò

ŶԷЦݣ¸û֨
Ϊ֪Է׷ȻĿĵģвҲһȻö˵
Ȼ¸ûзӦûаֻҵɫƼΪ׷˵ľӶŵ˾Ϳʼסˡ
ֻǸӳֱվ˳Ҷŷ¸˷Ż
һ׷ҲģֻҪǰǸͣһʮʯӶӶǣ
˵֮ǸӳһвԵĶƺƣֺв
ɰǹӶŵһҲڷӦôһˣҰѷ¸Χм䡣
ǸӳվǰԷĶӳţҶķ¸˴Ľš
İɣϾǵĹӶǾǵˣƴҲҪģΪӶΣ
ӶŵĶӳĻ˵ڻͦ˸жġ
ֻԲǾӶǵĶ֣Ͼռ档
ǼϷ¸ˣԷҲռϷġ
ֻʱǳΪһӶԼĹֱԼⶼ쳣飬˵㲻ʲô
Ȼ¸Ҳβӡ
ʱĸ˱м䣬һۣó˭ҪȳȥֵĴ㡣
ֻԯջصĿվ˳ΪĽֱӳȥ
ȻĶȴΪûаˮֻһ˾Ӷһˡ
׾ٵľٶŻˣڳĳ˷¸һˡ
⡭⻹ֵǿ쳷
βǶľӶŵųʱŵƨҴԼ˻ҵ뿪
Ӽֱǹ˶˼èһ
Ӷ˵ĹСӵҲͬɵԭء
Ƕ׷ţȻôܹһоͽһ˵Ļֺαõǣ
Ƕ׷ĹӶӵӰٵʱ򣬱Ӷ˵ĹӶСӵĶӳԼеɻ
ֻСӶԱɻ۹ǰż˿ŷ¸輰ѯʡ
ǡǸǼ˼ȻĻֺαõأ
仰һʳڣ϶ʱ˽֣˶ܹܵõǵͷһȺѻɹ
¸˻ӣǺüĶһЩ鴤
Ȼ˭ȴû˼˵ǵ֮˭ܹõһ˸·գԲŲò˴·
ͼδҲ̫һЩҲֻѡ˳Ĭ
˴Լյʱ䣬Ѿн˲·̡
˹ӶŵˣǾһֱû·Ҳûƫ뺽ߣʼŵ۶ķȲнš
Ȼһ·ϵĵȴһЩվͱ˵ڡ
ֻǹӶ˵ĹӶŵĶӳһ߹۲ǰߵĵΣһ߶ŷ¸üͷš
λ;һɽǰǶǵʵΪվҪСһЩȻпܻɽȡ
ӶųСĽӶŵҲٴеģ¸ʵû˼ڴǵġ
ʵǾĵطǻǻƽصİɡ
ǻǾԭٶнţȻٶȿȥҲǿԣʵǵĽų˵¸ҲǾһЩˡ
ϾҪ;վĵطʱӶŵųʼļԱһСᡣ
ڷ¸˵ĲԶǵÿһ仰¸
ǰ·ʱվȻǼһǴܺѶԸҲǿǼȻǸ˶ǱǾΪӶְڣһҪʵǵİȫס𣿡
Ϊ¸˵жһ̶ȣЩĶ˶
ҲһЩЦԷǵ˼˾ĵĻѾ÷¸˸жˡ
ͺñһԳĳΪǺõˡ
ȻǲǱȴҲܴǵĻԡ
Ҳû˵ʲôǼ̵Ŀһ֮󣬾ͼ·ˡ
ŹӶŵ˲עʱһִյ˷¸ߣӣЩ˼ЦЦ
Ҳ̫ɰ˰ɣһֱʵ᲻᲻̫ã»ǵء
һĻ¸ҲһЩЦ
ֻ¸üһһĻ
ôѲǿϲ˵һ·յ飿˵ĻҲԣͲҪˡ
һŵά˹̿һЦ˳
ԯȻһֱû˵վһԵȥҲΪ仰Щá
ǰнһ·;һɽȵʱ򣬻淢⡣
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311 

ֻһⲢΪεվΪҰ
ˣǰȻһ޳Ѩһ͵˻ڣɸǺð
ԭɽ֮ͻȻһ֮޳ѨԴΪľҪӶŵĶӳˡ
Ҳû뵽һнãȻĵϵײûҰϮ
ı⵽˻ڵ˵ĻһȺ˶һܹ
ΪӳΪҲǵԪӤںڶѡ
Ȼ֮ǰԯѾǰ¶һ֣ĻָʲôĽ
Ϊʱ˿̹СӵĳԱǲ֪һȫѾҪôͻ˻ڣҪôʹڻڵ۷壬Сȫ
ֻΪ֮ǰֻԯǰһǲžֻһܹδرˡ
ǳԭĹϵСӵĶӳջǾһҧάЩİȫ
Ͼ壬ڼǮֺġ
ԼǽҲֵ˵ġ
ֱܵĻҲʵ̫ˡ
ʵϵӶŶӣǲ¹ֱܵġ
ͦɫᶨسԼĶԱǷԸ
ֵǣһֻҵΪߣȻŹǳǶϺ󣡡
Ҫᶨжᶨ˵˼˿ȻȻζ
÷¸ֹЩ֪˵Щʲôá
ȺԱǾͲһˣСӵĶԱǿԼĶӳȻҪΪǸ֮࣬жҪ
Ҫ֪ΪԸǶϺҲʮΣյѽпܾͻԼ
СӶԱһȻ𾴣еĻԼĶӳ
ӳౣأǶǰ㣡
˵˵ȻЩĲȥʮֲӡ
ĳ˿ǼΪ˶ҸжģȻȴ÷¸ǳ鴤üֱ
¸迴ͷ۵Լüģž޿κε̾˿ȻԼؾٻѩ롣
ѩ룬Щ㻹ǶԸ˵İɣ
ѩһ⣬⸽ĳɵõЩϲ
˵ķԸȴҽ˷¸Ļ
û⣬ǼֻС𣿶Ը׾٣
˵֮ѩҲʽֻɽϵѩڸ߷֮ϣϺ
˵ҲȺǰͷųרѹ
ǸܵѹȻȻľͻ֪Ѷˣκζ
ڲ˺κ֮£Ҳ÷¸һ˳ͨ
ȻȺ޸ܵѩͷųѹҲſɪɪҶ
һĻĹСӵĶӳֱĿࡣ
⡭ҲУ
СӵԱ಻ѣӳ㿴⡭
ԼĶԱķӦСӵĶӳǰֲ˼ͷ
žͺʲô鶼ûзһѵԼĶԱһ䡣
˺ˣǲҪûһʱŵ
СӵĶԱһꡣ
ΣҲ˲١
¸ЦЦӶѩĽʽǸе⡣
߰ɣ·
˷¸ķԸһ˾ͼǰš
ȻСӵӶǺ뵱ղһĻȫûзӣǵʶǵʵ֮ȴΪ˶е𺳡
ҪΪǴ·ԭԹСӵĶӳʱǴԼĶԱڷ¸˵ǰ棬ǳ䵱ǵұۡ
ԳƽʱϢҪʱǴ󲿷ֵʱ䶼վһġ
·֮ӳƺǶԸղŵЩԻԼߵĶԱ̾
ǻСƹѽǵʱӶŵǸĸǴܣ
˶ӳĸпߵȺԱǸѰǷ׷׶ҪԼĿһ
ǰӳҲ̫ˣͲҪ˻͵ӣ
ȻԱ˵Լ֮󣬾ֱֱȥĶԱʲô
ѽҼǵøտʼʱǾû˵Ҫ˻ǡ
Ļ˵Ŀ׷״ߣҴź۹ĴţƺеõʲôõϢ
һԼͬǷ׷׿ԼҲͲټӡ
һѰԼļ䣬һ߽¼˳
Ҽǵǵʱ˵ľ˴·û뵽ľֻ˴·˼ȫòǲҲ
-

312 

һη¸ٻѩԸЩޣһ˼ѩ룬˼Щĺη塣
ȻպĻսʤη壬Ҳصؾ䡣
ڶݵʱ֮ڣǿάԭ״̬ġ
ͦסˣҪصؾѩɽϵƬ̡
ֺʱҹĻܻ⵽¸Ǵ
ҲҪ߷¸裬Ǿ
ûлصؾȥΪؾ˵ķ¸裬ô֪ܲ
ѩ۷ڷ¸˵ôǾ̹ȻĽѩ뷨
ûй𴩣ЦЦͼ˼ȥ
һ·˸ղŵȺ⣬ҲûΣա
ֻ˵ΣѾ֤˷¸˵ԷǳԵƵԶԶģ뾭¸˵ĴݲС
Ǽӣճɽȵʱǰƺⷢ
һηǲǣҲǹСӵǰӶˡ
ӳǰһȺ˱һĪĽˡҲ֪ôһ£ҪҪǰȣ
СӵһԱǰ۲һ״ȻͻĶӳ㱨һ
ȻڹСӵĶӳûзӦôһ£Ҳû¶κξٶʱ򣬽ʹ˺
Һŷ¸˵ġ
磬ǺǷǰǣ
ûԴ°
°ĻҲæϲ̧ͷɿ߻ķ¸ˡ
ǷǰǣǰǱˣѾ˺þˣ
һ¼ҵö˵ĺ¸˾æȥ
ȻǵȴɻΪմӷֳ뿪ãǷֿҲûж೤ʱ䡣
ȴǱڽеģֲ֪ߵǰ档
һоô£˵
¸Ҳ̳ĬģвĵطȻҪʳ
üǰȥҴЩɻöѯ
ô£ôô͵ֱ˽гˣ
ȻǷ¸ʣ¼ȻҲû˼ʵ
˵ǰǰŸߣžӵǳ
Ļδ䣬°ȲؽĻ硣
οɲϴˣϴֻڷֳǸ棬һȴԴȣҲǱˣԲš
ĵ֪ﲻһȫ򵥵ĵط
ο¼ܹӵ͸ܹ˵طô򵥡
ղֻǻ񼶱ģôҲΪص˴ͼıǲŻڴ˰㡣
ȻܹȤģܽΪĵػԭ򣬶һʲô档
¼ƺûټ˵ȥ˵Ĵ㣬˵ĻûдﵽԼĵϣһ̲סѯ
ⶼҪģҪҲԴɵʲô֮ǵΪΪλ˰㡣
һʣ¼ֵǲⷽ飬ȻȻؽ
ˣǰǲ֪ߵĴ˵ˡ
һ˵¸輸ǰһΪǵȷûһĴ˵
Ȼ˵ûʲô̫ôֻܱȲ֪Ҫá
һܹǹʵĶ˵ҲǷģһ㣬Ҫȥǡ
¼ҶǿʼһһĸҼ
ͨ˵ĶԻҲܹԭίƴճһš
ԭԴһֱɫֱɫ֮󣬼ĵһ˾ͻᱻԶ
ҲԼô򵥣ӸʼԪӤڵʵ
Щ޲֪Ҫ೤ʱŻᵽԪӤڣ˼ҴһʼԪӤڵʵɼսжôǿʢ
ܱΪ˵ĻǾǶһֻǿĺ
ϾҪֽʱ̣ȻŹᡣ
ʲôֻǽڣĴ𰸡
˵ľˣɾˡȻ˲ֹֻǣҲҪ
°ĻȥЩίһԵ̾˿
Լõļ磬Ȼ
ȺΪ˼ӴԼĸʣǾͽǰ˴˵أ
-

313 ı

ȥ֮˶Ѿ˳ǰҲôһ¡
Сӵ͵Ϊֻ˵˵ıС˵о
ҲΪ֮ǰСѹˣԲŻΪ߿ȻЩƽ
ҶƽȵģǾΪԼϳĸʣҲܾ˲飬ЩǵĽ򿪰ɣ
ֱʵ˹СӵСӳ飬ȻҪǰ֣ȴֱ¸
ȱôżֻҪһ£ǱԼ£󾾳Ļ֡ʱܸһѵΪԼЩĵֶζۣ
°ǶͦΪеġ
ټȺӵȻҲΪЩ߷߲ƽ
һܹĻֲҸһѵȻ
ǶûϵģǰʲôƻĻ㾡ܰžǣȫ㣡
õ¼õĿ϶ҲǵõӵܵĿ϶
һǸԸ¸ƻеնġ
Ͽɵ񣬷¸Ҳ¶İǱ
ϾԲô򵥣ֻΪҲȫûбҪ
˿ȥûǶԷʼͼıôʹһ
¸ţҲ˼ͰԼ뷨ˡ
ĻһģȻǲµķͽ磬Ǳһ鿴ǵ״ǻҪҳ䵱ն
¸轫һϵмƻķǳף¼úͽҲʮԡ
ն˽˷¸ļƻҾǡ
ǷģǾԲᶪǲܵġץĻ֮ҲǸǱһ𡣶Ҳܺ棬ץ˾˭
¼ֱӾʹͷͷӦϿ˷¸Ļ
İǰǲôʶʱˣȻһƬģϷҲݸʮʮģ
ǶԼļƻͬ¸ҲͲԥˡ
ΪԥȥĻ»ûǲǸνĻ־ֻص
ܾöԷĿĲѣпܻ¼úЩֳӵܡ
ӵĻôǾԻصġ
ϾôҵǾԲܾͰǷŵﲻܲˡ
ǵΪĻôͺпܱĿľ¼úӵܡ
ôδҲһصġ
Ƿ¸轫Ľ޲֮󣬽ֽڳﶼָǸոռ¼õʱĳ
ʹŹСӵӶǣԼЩͬ㵽˰һá
Ȼ¸ڰûж֮󣬱ӭǸνĻ֡
ֻԶһЦǣȺ޲ߵ˹ȻҾ֪ǷֳһеٮٮҲˣ
һЦ¸˾;ϤǰһӸҵ˾ټҰǨ˷ֳǵסۡ
ҪҪھͳȥ£
һĻ־ǳۣһһΪ˶е⡣
ԶԷǲǵвھȻҶȺҵ֡
ȻҪжȴǱߵķ¸ֹˡ
һ̽ɻظ˷¸裬¸óǱظһԼȥ֮ӲӲԭ
ڳȥȷʵܹ͵㲻úϷһҪ𣿡
⻰һδӦôһ£Ծɻ
ʱһһߵά˹εظԼĵܵܽ
¸˼ǼڰǵĿľʲôҲץסǵİѱһͿֱӽǲˡ
ԼĸĽͣһŻȻĵ˵ͷžͶڰĬĬĹ۲ųǱߵ
ȻθǵȶãҲҿǽеЩӵǱֵĻԳ׾ٵؽԼһεĿġ
ҪΪƷֳǣ˭ԸץЩûõӵܣץֻΪ÷ֳһٮٮкˣǳпܻصֳؽӴҵģ
ڰļ˳۵ĻɵöЦ
Ǿ֪۾Ȼʲôʡ͵ĵƣȻǰŸո뿪ֳǣ۾Ͷ˼
ǻҪֳӵܵһȫնݳ
治Ƿ¸ȴе뷨չȥ
ȥ֮󣬷¸˾ֱ
һıǳûͬһıڵأ
-

314 ˧

¸óЩ׹ζһ״
ŵͬеһŤתͷ
ǿѾǰΧķ¸һ˺һûмӶһЩʧɫ
㡭ô
ǣһЦһȥʮֲмۣѲû˵벶ȸں󰡣
ĻóһʱȴΪ¶ĬĬ˼
ЩαȻһαһѵˣҵʱԱƳֳǵʱЩҶҲڳ
Է¸˵жǿǵȻ
˵жԾĲһĨӰҲųۺһ
ڵĳۼֱҪŵɫϣ˵Ķˡ
ΪҲû뵽޷ļƻȻ׾ٵظʶˡ
ʶǼı˻Ƿ¸ˣ쿴ڣĽҲͬˡ
㡭ʲô벶ȸں󰡣Щûõģ
ۿȥһЩ״Σֺǲ֪ôӦĳ档
ӻڲͣתţƺ취
취ʱ򣬳ҵȴѶԴȫµʶҲһ˶û뵽طӦ
λúЩǳ۵ļƻˣǵļ뿪ֳ֮ͱȥˣЩûκιϵ
⻰һ˫أһǳҵˣƺҪסҵˣֱ˳һ
۸Ǿȵĵɴ۾Ǹˡ
ȻûָĻ˵ڣҵ̷Ӧôһ£Ƿ׷׶˵ĻʾϿɡ
Ǹ֪ôһ£ղ˵ЩҲǵһȫ֪ı
һ˵۶ʱɴ۾Ĳš
Ȼȴ˽ĶԲߣǴ˧ȫѳ۵һöϵ˵ӡ
Ǹɴ׾٣һһĸƲϵ
ǰĻȺֺαظ˴ڴ˵ز½ǶδûȻıǳұӦƯǻһطĶȹһģ
һλ˵ľ͸ӵ鲢ïˣȻ˵Щʱ򣬷¸˱ĶǿϷ̬ȡ
Ϊ֪ҪĲǹЩ˵˵ЩʲôӦÿ۱˶ԴʲôӦ
ȻۺܿͿȥΪҪơ
ֻ˫ȭյķǳ֮ͷϵҲȫ
ģֱҪ¸ƴƣֺڶԳҵΪе
Ȼڷŭһ֮󣬾ͬȻһ̧ͷ
ȻĶȴûɢ׺ݵļֱҪЩȫһ
ôҪ˧ҵһҾҲҪǣ
̧ͷֱӶ˷¸µǱߣҶһһ˵š
Դȵؾڳ֪ˣǵıأװʲô֪ӣʵҲʲôƲ磡
¸Ϣ֮󣬽üϢܹǵİȤһ
֪ؾڣô
֪Դؾڵ˾ԲֹǳҶѣѲǵҪҫһ֪ؾڵ
Ȼȴӵģ˵仰֮󣬳һͣ١
ɨһ³ҵˣЩ𾪵ĿУٴһһ˵š
ҵ˶һȺޱȵˣԴ飬ȫɢȥģΪľȫصĸǰ
ˣڳ˶
Сӵ˶ȤǵһȴҪʲô˼
Ҳų۵Ļû˵ꡣ
ȻĳĬ֮У۽Ҳֻͣһ㿪ʼ
ѲΪԴȵô׾ٵȻĴ˵٣ҪĻȴҪܶߵ߸һֻ̣֮󶼻Ϊʳѣ
˵֮۾ͺ񷢷һ㣬ֱӾͲЦЦءȻҵ˸Ŀɿڴƺһʱ֮䱻˴ʹȴ֪ηӦ
ֺӦԵĶԲ۵Ļ
֮ܶһʱֻʣ³̬ͬһЦ
ͨĻҲȥ
ԭǳҪԾ˴ǰ
Ϊľ󽫵ʱȫǳ˶ѡ
-

315 䶨

˳۵Ļڳ˳⣬˵ķӦȻԶ׼
һ鳾䶨ҳ۵ĻҲһ֮󣬳۾ͷ·ȻЦЦ
ʮֽ˳ˣ˼Բ
ôֹҼ˵ȥŶ֪ˣΪǸûֹҡ
ԭһЩĳˣ˳۵Ļ֮Ҳش˫֡
ȷͬ˵ûκֹ۽Щ˵
ֻ߿˵ЩܵĽ
һʼȣҲûбҪ֪һȫ˵
Ҿܻȥֹ۵ĻҲ𲻵κεá
ֹҲԲͣģһÿһ˶֪
ųҵǰԭװƣƺѰǷܹĳķӡ
֪ӲˣһͿʼһνſĳڳ˵֪˰ɣ˰ĳжôɥĲǶ֪ݱ˶޹ߣ
ʵ˳۵Ļ֮һĵһӦҪȫڴ˴
Ϊ𣬴ƽֳĹϵϸھܹó
˳һͬһĻһ͸̲סˣʱб
ֻһȭͷ⴦˵ķȥһҧгݵ˵ţûȺ˵ȷ񼫣һܲˣ
ķӦ¸һʱǾһѾʧȥǣ㽫ڴ˾͵
ʶǰ㣬Ҫסһ
Ȼڷ¸ߵά˹ȴڵһʱֹ˷¸裬ҵҡҡͷСĶŷ¸˵İɣҵзִ磬ڳֱӼѪġ
⻰¸Ҳվԭأûǰ߶
˽һ˻Ҫĸά˹
һ˲𣬲Ҳһ򶨡
Ȼʱ£ȴһ߰
»ִ֪磬Ȼصġ
ղŷ¸ҲֻһʱԲ¶ѡ
ȻһûʧȥǣҲûʲôıȽϹֵΪ
ֻǰȥƾԼȳ˸˲ֹһǰΪͰѳ˵ΪȫˣȫȷʵûмһѪ
ķǣһó˳ѵ
ҲӦõģǸһĳͷҲӦóܵġ
Ͼǳ˲֪ı˶ҪǳΪʳҲֵΪ
ֻ˵ȫΪҲԺòȥ
Ϊ½ΪǾ൱һˡ
㣬ǱҲѼ÷⡣
ǳҲˣ˵յĳͷɡ
һǰϵ˳˵ʱ֮ڣҲûʼվһߡ
һȺ˵Ϊ׷ϵ֮󣬽žͬһ㣬˭ҲӦĽԴȡ
һжѾ䶨¸迴ڳ龰ɵõ̾˿
ܿͻǰ¼úͷֳӵǸ׾ٵĴˡ
¼ȴӽ˳͸Ͻܵ¸ǰл
ǰллǣǵĻǶû뵽ԭǳҵôĵӣҲлǰǱ𣡡
¸˶ѺõЦЦ
ŷ¸ͺʲôһתͷһԵȴŵĹСӵӶ˵
ӳܷ鷳һ£
һ¸СӵĶӳʱ޴롣
ôϾˣ𡭡
ŹСӵĶӳЩģ¸費ɵɵЦЦ
곤þҲӦõġҪڻһҪԱҪȥ飬ٻش˴ǻϣҼ·𣿡
¸˵֮־Լ˵ĻЩǷףֲһ䡣
һȦȽ鷳ĻԸӶ𡣡
ʵСӵĶӳɣֻЩ벻ʲôҪȥѡ
һҪǼǮʱְ˰֡
ûµģǸӶѾˣֻǲ֪ʲôҪȥ
СӵĶӳͷӦǷ¸ֿһ¼ú͸ǵЩӡ
תͷŹСӵĶӳ
ģЩӻӵܹԼϣСܹǻصֳǣڴ˴ϡ
ֻһССҪ󣬹СӵĶӳȻǵͷӦ
ߵԶȥֳǵĻֱ֪Ҫȥǽ١
Ҳ㲻ԶֻһػҪʱġ
-

316 

Ȼ¼ٴμ¸˷ǳĿģ˵ҪͻطֳǣȻҲЩᡣ
ֻǶǶµĺӣҲ˷¸˵ķԸ
ϾҲ֪¸裬ҲΪǵİȫ롣
ο֮ǰ¸뿪¼ҵʱѾ˵ˣǵʵܹѧԺˮƽʱ򣬲Żٴε۶ȥǡ
ʱҲŹСӵӶһͬ뿪
뿪֮󣬼˿ʼ۲Դȵķ
ղų۾͵һͷ˽ȥʧӰ٣Ҳûгֹ
¸һλҪڴ˴ȴŹСӵĹȻҲҪЩʱЩҲܹԭصȴǡ
ҲΪ۵Ĺϵ֮ǰ˵ǵȤ
Ǽ飬һͬԴһ̽
⴫˵еûô׵ıҵõ
ԴȽ·;ʮۣҲɵģܹ΢һ·
Ȼ˰֮󣬼˾΢΢üͷЩڵĴ̫ͷ
֣Ϊȴκޣ˵ĺĴһӦʮվĲǣһͷ޵ӰӶҲδ̫˰ɣ
һվԭأĴһ֮󣬾˵һ
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𼱣֮ǰ۲˵ڷ֮ǰҪģ⸽޶ֻҲһҿܻջġ
˵֮ά˹ͼĵ⸽ֹһȦ
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ά˹͸æк¸ˣǿǱߺһߵ
ά˹Ļ󣬷¸ҲߣҸά˹Ǳ߿
¸ߵѿȥǳߵǰȻͿʼ΢˼
Ȼȥߵ֪Ӧƣߡ˵ôһߵɢŵĹâ᲻Ǵ˵еأ
ĻҲվԭ˼ģ
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ǰһĻǵͫЩ΢΢
ΪʱһԼʮ׵ĴߣһӣһĶǡ
죬Ӧþ˰ɣȻѾʮһ׵Ϊһǰĳ΢һЩ𾪡
ϵɫҲ࣬ά˹üͷһĻͷ
Ϊ޵ĻԼ൱ڴ˴ԲСЩԸҲҪһġ
ʮһ׵Ѿ΢ͨԣ¸վĵԱߣ֪Щһͼı졣
ȻտʼʱûֱǰǵԴһҧڱ֮ͿʼͲסԼѪȵӡ
ͬѷ¸˵ԼĿһֱӾ
Сģעܣ
ԯ³仰ҲӦ˹׷Ĵ
ѶԸĺܣǾ㣡ʼҪֿĹƣҵͬʱתע
¸һ߸˽ţһ߻Լƴȫͷȥ
׶ԸģȻһͷͶ㿪ˣԼԴ
Ȼȴû˶ɢȻûдԴϣȴҲܵĹĵӡ
˻
ƺŭˣʼİڶ
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ΪߵҲдͬĲ֣ҲķʽѰ㡣
ȻĶҲʮԯ齣עԯľܹ˼ڶȴջǲһ
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Ҳȷʵǳ׵ıŭˣһ˦βͣβ;ķ羹˦һԸոصķ¸衣
ʱʼնڰ۲龰״̬ѩסˡ
æǰ¸赲һ
ѩ룡¸赣ǵź
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ΪûֱչʾԼղֻǳڶԷ¸ĵģԶԷǰסһǹѡ
ԻǱ˵ˡ
ԯͶȥ˵ǵĿ⣬¸Ŀϡ
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¸ۿһ죬ѵɵ˼ûˣĶ˵ȽؾȥȻϢΪˡһβҪôɵٳΪҵˡ
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ҶֵҲûţ˵ѧԺʱǸеٮٮߣŵֵܸĬϡ
ϲ޷죬ǵĹ˷ļơ
һۻҵ֮Ҳһ˺
ŭ˦ԼӣȻҲЩˡ
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317 Ʊ

ۿܣ¸׼ʱæ˴󺰡
ƴȫĺһֻҪһܹߴ磬ⳡǾͳӮˣ
˷¸Ļ֮һһ·ҲǶ˲Ĭӵ˼¡
˵ϵһǡɻߴ磬ڽܡ
˻
ƺԼߴţƾŲʶٴη˱ʹ˻
ջĵ˵ϣһƬϵĳ
¸輸Ҳûܵʲô̫˺׾ٵľܹ˹
˶һ֮󣬾һͬĬߵһûκ˿ܣҲػŵԡ
¸һһ£˵Լ뷨
ʮöֵܶöҺԯö
⻰˶ͷϿɣûκη˼
˽պ֮󣬾ͿʼĴ۲츽ĳ
һһ߹۲ܵĵΣһԼɻ
Ӧô죿Сӻ¼ǻûлҿܻҪһʱ䣬ʱ֮Ǹʲôأ
Ҳ˼֮УǷ¸˿Ҳ˳
ĻԴȴĺܡǻûлĵȴʱ䣬Ĵ䣬֣
䣬ʱά˹Ͽɡ
˵Ķԣ綼Դȴڴ˴ͣһЩʱգĻҲһˡ
˻ཻ֮˲һ£Դȵط˹ȥ
δֻһ򣬻û߳Ϳڽ˿ɪɪĳۡ
ۣô¸һֳۣұԼɻ
˵ʵڵģҲʵЩ
ԼļƷġ
ֶɪɪԼ˼Ҫ޵ļơ
ֱҪѵһЩ²ȥ֡
һȻҲʮֿ߳۵Ϊ
˳⸱ԣЩĴ󷢡
ˣ߰ɣˡɣ⸱ģҲκҪɱ˼ˡ
˵ͷӦǾһͬͷҲص뿪Դȸȥ
ûǸ߳ȥ
Ȼѹ֣ȴʮԵĽŲ
ȻǳһЩͷתȥһ¸Щĵĳۡ
Զ㡣
һ۰ڳһͶ̬˫־˼
һֵһۣǽҲû˵Щʲôתȥ
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ȻȻԶǵľ룬ȴš
տʼǶ飬ʱ䳤֮һԽԽ
ǾתͷȥƺҪѵһ³ۣҪٸǡ
ȴ˼ĸά˹
ֻά˹ԼĵܵһҡҡͷЩεĿ˵˰ɣȥɡ
ԼĻһֹ֡
Ǿּǰ̽һξ룬ԶԶǵĳ۵˲ڵˡ
һƬʯ֮ǽһƬ֡
ֻǻһۣǾĬһͬ˽ȥ
ոս֮Уһŭ
𡪡
޺͸ǿ̧ͷȥһͷʮһװƱХ
¸ٴУŲһͣͣʼ۲ֻƱĶ
Զֵͬĳۣûз¸ˡ
ʮһޣŵֱӱͷܣ㵽һҪ˲ܹΧĴ档
̽Դ߿ƺڹ۲
̽ͷ۲Ķ̶̼֮ڣ¸ѾǰƱ򶷾
ˣǵĴ򶷻£ȫûΪʮһ׵޾η塣
һ߹۲ţһ̲ס
Ҫ֪ʮһ׵İƱһۺ󣬱ܰѳŵð
Ҳܹó˷¸һ˵ʲôز
벻ǾȻԼǳңĴܣǾ
տʼʱ򣬳ĬĬŷ¸˻Ŀĵġ
һΪ˿ǾҪЩʲôΪ˳֮ΣΪʱֱ
ڿ˶Էʵеǵ㲻ĺͳȫʧĵȻ޴ˡ
ΪԷжֵʲôزѾۿ
ҲܹԵȻҲû˻ҪΪ֮뷨Ƕ֮ġ
-

318 ԭϢ

СģƱȸղŵҪӵһЩע⣬Ҫץ˿϶Ȼ󷴶ˣ
¸һˣһ߳ضŰƱϮ
Ȼ˵ֻƱ֮ǰֻҪࡣ
Ƭ־֮䴳İƱˡ
ƱĺܣȱҪ࣬˺Ҳ֪Ҫ߳ٱ
˵ǷצӣֻһӣܹʵԵ˺
¸ҲǳصģƱãδץ
໡
ƱƺҲͦͨԣһŭ֮һצӾͻһ
һǷͬ⵶һצֻм׵ľ룬һµĻԻᱻֱԴ
һҲʮϰһ׾ٵضĹ
ȴצӴķŪô˸ͦٴƱȥһ˲䣬Ʊץ˿ӡ
ΰƱûٶצӣͷų˼ọ̈ͬһƿջֱһ˹ȥ
Сģ
¸һԲԶһҪȷӦôһ¡
ϾղûбƱעһֱȫעع۲ŰƱǱߵĶ
Ʊϵıһ˹Ļôһ϶ᱻƱС
ʱֱܵôΣԵӰȫ⻹δ֪
Ƿ¸Ǳʶһ£һܿ˱̵Ĺ
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ȻҲͬȻ̻ĸȴҲôܵġ
Ѫ÷¸ǿ˶ɫһס
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¸ƿܿҪһŷӦôһ¡
ɵɵؿһ۷¸裬Ȼһæǰ鿴¸
ʱҲŷַ¸ļѾƱı̳׹ᴩѪ͸̲ϵӿš

˷¸⸱ģԯҲʶһʹŭ
ҲǷ¸ˣļŭԯ䡣
ԯɫһݣ˪˵ȫ¶Ǳ˱һ˲
ĵһӦȴûֱǰȥŷ¸һʹࡣ
ΪƱ÷¸˵Ϊԯ˵ŭ𣬲Ҳԯĵߡ
Ϊ˷¸裬
Ϊ¸ǱһһչˣҪĻҪ÷¸˵İƱۡ
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ܵľϵҶɳɳ죬·ǧ˴ۼ
ǰƱûзӦôһ£ͬʲôѹһ㣬һִ͵״̬֪ηӦ
ԯɫĹâΧţû뵽ȻǷ¸˼ԯȫҲȫǱ
һԯͷųȫõ˸ʮʮ
Ǽ˵ҲΪЩɵĽȻͬһĴ˷ŰƱȥ
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һйƽ֮ԯ˷¸ߣʱ亹ɫ԰׵ķ¸һжɵԼ
ղŴеıŭԯȫͬʱԯۣĿⶼܹһ̲ˮ
£
򵥵ĸעԯУҲȫۡ
¸֪ԯںԼӲųһЦݣҡҡͷ
˵ĴΪǱ¸ˣԯľȫ
ҶֵҲûкõȥľ˴󲿷˵ҲͬŴСС˺ۡ
Ȼûз¸أȥȴһЩǱġ
ոսսȻǰƱĵ̣ô⣬ӦҲûʲôĸ͵ˡǾϢһ°ɡ
һ֮ά˹Լ
ȻǽܵģһҲظԼĻԼĸһطӦ
ԣڵȻǰв⡣ʲôһҰޣǾȫŲסˣԲڴϢһ¡
˾ڴ˴ԭ£мҪڴ˴Ӫկζ
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319 ƽ

ʱһֱڰĳڻ
ͼᶨɫֱӴ˳Ȼŷ¸Ϣĵط˹ȥ
ȴûʲô֮Σ뷨һɻĿ֮Уǻظĵط֧һ硣
¸ֻǿû˵Ҳûз
ҲһԣֻԹԵԼ飬Ҳͬû˵Ĵ㡣
ֻ֧˽磬ȷ˽İȫ֮󣬻ڼмһѻ
ֱӾһѻ⡣
Ȼûκһ˵۵һٶܹ뷨
һҪͽ¸ˡ
ʵ¸ȫԸŷ¸һؾ
ʱ򣬷¸費붯ؾ
ΪؾĴڱ͹죬ҪɳĻﲻƣ
ɳ·Ȼǻ࿲ģ¶ؾĻ᲻ڳɳ
Ϊؾڷ¸˵һͬһĴڡ
ǶĴСֱӽؾܣʱ䳤˿϶ԣԡ
¸ǾԲ鷢ģ¶˾ġ
ԺҪĹؼʱ̣׶ؾ
ҲΪһ˴ʱ򣬳ۼͽΪȴûֹųȥˡ
һζʹ˳Ȼ治Ƿǳľͨû뵽ǣڳⷽ澹Ȼ˵츳
һЩͨĿ⣬Ļ֮Ļ𣬲Ŀ⻹ǲ
Լһң۽õֱݸ˷¸ˡ
һеʲôû˵еͷʾлȴӹ˳۵Ŀ⡣
Ͼļ໷֮£ԸչǣҸṩʳȻΪ˻ȥҲûҪܾĵ
һнˣ˳۵Ŀ֮󣬻ЩŤ˵ţʵ⿾ζֻûз¸ĺã
һ仰Ѿó۸еˡ
ʼʱ򣬳ۺͷ¸˵ദʽǴһЩСζġ
żյദҲ𽥷ſࡣ
տʼʱ˼ûʲôǶԼΪҲû̫ķУȻҲûгѯʡ
ҲͱųĬûнԼĿġ
ͬҲŷ¸ҲɵӣܹóԼĿǿ϶ġ
ҲΪۻһЩ£ԼԼĿģ÷¸輸衣
ʱͺټߣҲû˵Щʲô
ֻ˼֮վ𽥷ſˣ׼ʳʱ򻹻ѯʡ
λܣûʲôԵĶҵǬӦоУֻҪ˵ԣҾܹõó
û˻Щȡ֮ģͱ˵ǬӦоС
ҲǾĹϵҰҪҲǱرĶ
ˣǬõϵĳʳ
ָҶʮʣص˱ʡ
ЩҲѷ¸ιúܺãʮ⡣
ԲŻڻ֮󣬵ѯʷ¸ʲôԵĶ
¸ѾԸָĻظˣѾӦദʽҲ𽥵Ľ˳һˡ
ֹֻЩʱգȻ޸ĲˣȻ¸Ҳ˶ø
ͰƱս⼸˵Ľ׶Σ˺ͳʳ⣬󲿷ʱֶҵڤ֮УȻ˼Ŀ粽
֮ǰһֱڻԲ׶ΣʼѹϣҲͻƲˡ
ǽЩһĥµͻƵļơ
ڤеķ¸ȻԼƿƺɶ˳֮⣬泩
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ȻΪʼմڤ״̬Իδܴҵľмʱѳ
ȻȻҲûиܵΧı仯ûܵһʱ֮Լߵˡ
Եڤеķ¸ɢ˵ĹâܵĻƺ˿ơ
ƼۣļƣҪõ
ǴԴȵһ֮Уֺ
οԯҶֵҲǳصģȻҲǼˣһĳһڤзâķ¸Ѿôһ¡
رǸոͻһά˹ĳ¡
һӦôһ£Ұ̲ãžæ˵ˣ¸ƽ
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320 ǰþ

ά˹Ļ֮󣬴Ҷһ
ȴΪԼڵĴΪǷ¸衣
Ȼ֣ʱ򣬺п׹ȼľ
ȻҲ֪ԽǸ߽׶ɽ٣׾ͼȫǵжɽ˵ı
ڵķ¸軹Ǹأ״̬ܹ׵ĻδܹͦԴҲžЩġ
ҷ¸һĳɹɽ˵ĻǿǻڴԲ˶ɽ١
ɽٳɹ֮ҪڣԽǸ߽׵ĽԽ֡
һԴһЩǵѯʣ磬¸һϻôصˣôɽѽûʲô취ܸһ¡
һĻ֮ά˹̾˿
һôʱǺͿжɽ֮֮ȥģ
Ҳ֪һİѷ¸赱ѣԲŻ˵˵ǵĻЩʧȥԭӦôŵǡ
Լֺγǣ
һ·ĵεΣҶֵѾξһѷ¸赱Լˡ
Լܵ˺ǵȻˡ
ķ¸ģ¾һֱһĬԯˡ
Ȼԯ˿һֱһĴڣľڷ¸ϸ˶٣ҲֻǱ˴˲̵ܹ˽⡣
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Ȼۺ͵ǳԯ䣬ԯȴվԭأһԲ
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ʵҲǳڶԷ¸Σŷ¸һܹɽٳɹ
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æҵӣԯɬ۾
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һ侲ĳۣʱһԵרעڹۿŷ¸Ķɽ١
һεʮ𺳣Ҳʮ͡
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Ȼҵãڰʮȴٳû
ƵôüͷտȥȴҲֺ
˸еֵʱԯٴѿڶҲֻм򵥵֣ħ١
˻һ˲ʲô˼
ʱ˿̵ķ¸ʮħУһǰѡ
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ٴ۾ķ¸裬˿Լ˫ֿ֣˿µţѾôһ¡
ǰԼϤİ칫¥İ칫ҡ
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ϰ֧ӣ¸貢ûоȫʹǾˬ
ȻƮƮĸоȴԼȫʵС
ħȴҲûʧǣ֮ǰһжԶӡţ
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ȻһѾصǰЩͱҪŪס
ףڣҡ
˵֮󣬷¸һ˿ڱصõЦݣͲý뿪Լİ칫ҡ
ҪȥҵǸԲǰУдšףڡ
ĿҲԲһμȻħٸһĻԻȥҵףڡ
ڵһΪҪԼϾǰķ¸˵Ρ
ػڶɽٵķ¸ߵһмˣ׷ΪٳδѣҲûнµڰʮ׵ķ¸龫š
ԯҲЩ̫Լֱͬԭ̤
ʱʱĽǵĿɴķ¸衣
ô죬¸߳ħþ𡭡
һһڲԶǵŷ¸裬һ̲סѯʡ
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321 ȵ

룬һԵġ
ά˹ǰԼĵܵܵļʾҪΪ˶ġ
ά˹Ļ䣬ԭشķ¸˲ʱ۾
ˣһʱϲ
ԯһӾͽĿȫϵ˷¸ϣ˹ĴʯͷҲ˵أҳ׵ķ
ڷ¸۾һɲǣϵ˲ʱȫȻˡ
ٳδĵڰʮףͬڰʮһ׽
ڷ¸ϵʱ򣬾ͺ˲¸豾ںΪһ塣
Ϊװ˵ӦΪ͵ģȴûжԷ¸ɰ˺
ȫǹ鹦ڷ¸սʤħ٣Ҳûʲôֹܹһ˳ˡ
һйƽ춯ȫȻ֮󣬷¸ŴԭվҵЦſŴҡ
ϵһȫʧˣ˿ȥȡ
·϶ûаֳһĿɿڴ
ôʮ꣬ԭɽô飡
һһ仰ϵķΧʱ˲٣һĸά˹̿
ˣƶˣûɹƵġ
ԯҲ첽ߵ˷¸ߣȻһѱס˷¸衣
˲ڳֱӸڷ¸Ķߣѯʡ
ħ
Ǽ򵥵֣¸ԯҪԼʲô
Է¸ֱӻرԯ䣬ǸοղŶԼĵģָ
ûħǰѿ
˷¸ȻĻԯѾħз¸辿ʲô
ȻǶʱԼδߣܹȴʹѾõĽ
ԾһҲЦԯ䶼һ˿ȻЦݡ
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ˣ౦
η¸˳ɽ٣ڿռĶ౦Լ˫
౦ȲĸԼ˷¸ϲϢ
ڿռ͸оһȫȻķԼȻҲԼһˡ
ȻⲢǵһθŷ¸һȻη¸ıȴǴӻڱ˺ڡ
ȺԼǵԶ÷ɿ죬Ҫ֮ǰҪ߳üԶ౦Ȼʮ˷ܡ
һѩ룬ʱ̲סЩϲĸҽԼ뷨
ǶҾȻҲſʮһ׵ƿҪ֪ʮһ֮ҿǴûнֱ̫ˣ
ѩΪʮһޣѾ׶οˡ
ǰҲһֱûг
ҲֻڲͣĽԼˡ
û뵽гһȻ˼֮Ķ̶̵һʱ֮ڣֱӿʮһ׵ƿ
ĽЩȵͬʱҲ౦ͬ˷ܡ
ȫû뵽ԭ¸һߵѡ񣬾Ȼȷġ
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Ļҿɴû˵Լ޸˰󶨣ȻҲܸԼһ
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322 Ӱѩ

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323 ߲

ôһСӵӶԼֳǵȺСŵĿɿڴ
°Ǿȵ˵ʱ򾪿ֵ˵ʿյĿ࿴۲Ÿ˼죬Ϊξͱˣ
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ԭγ۾Ȼ㶼û֣ҲûܵõǰֵĻᣬó۰ⳡ򶷵ķͷȫռ˸
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324 ˳

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ԼվԭһҲһȻҲġ
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Ӷһ˴һֳǵС뿪˷籩Ȧ
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ǵһϣûκθоɼղжͶ롣
ҸԸķӦȽϳٶ۰ˡ
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325 ܳ

ܹõԼڵڲͣı任
ΧһȫƽʱҲ֪ԼȻ׾ٵؽɹˡ
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ŶһԼڵĳۣһš
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Ӧս״̬ҶųһֹͣΪơ
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326 Ϲؾ

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327 

˵ʮֺ䶯ϾϹؾԴ½ϵʿԴ˲˲СȤ
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ΪǵѧԺʹؾֿĶ
ģҲûмˣһϹἤ˯ž
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ǶֲʲôԼʶĶȻҲʧȥȤ
ȻϹؾܹǵȤģȻȴҲ˲ӡ
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߿ЩؾϾҪˣЩȥܻ͵ĺλã
⸱ӣ¸˶һۣŸǾܹҵؾˣҲͼӿ˲ȥ
ȻĿĵûжԶʱȴһ벻ˡ
ףǲ𣿡
¸һҼҽѯʵĿͶҶֵܡ
ȻҶֵ˳ŷ¸Ļ˹ȥҼӡ
ά˹һ
ȻҼէά˹һʱʮּϵıʹӼο
Ҳûԥǿ첽һˡ
ߵǸǰվһԵķ¸ԯ΢΢ͷʾͼĿԼҵС
Ϊǲ£Ϲؾʮֵб־ԣԲ벻ˣ
ԼҼ棬ά˹Ҳеʮ˷ܡ
ݵ֮ά˹Ҽʳ˴еʡ
ˣԴǱؾ֮ѧԺ͵۶ʲô飿
⻰Ҽɫ̱Щƺ뵽ʲô̫õļ䡣
ܹԼҵСᣬѾ㹻еοˡ
Ȼ֮ǰЩ£ǻһЩۣҲٴ嵭࣬ԻǸǽ
֪ؾл᲻֪ǵʱؾ֮Ѿ꣡ǣٴοʱǲǾͲ֪ĵλã
⻰٣Ƿ¸˻һۣһͬᶨĵ˵ͷ
ķӦҼһ̾żľ
ǾûˣǵԺٴοؾʱҲһͬؾѰҹǵټȻҪÿһضѰˣȴûҵǵټƲһ뿪ؾڳȥˡ
仰Ҽ˵˾Ѿôһ¡
ҲǺҼԳĴѰǵɰɡ
벻һʱ֮ڣоûзʲô̫飬Ҳûôۡ
ǾȻȥ˲̵ʱ䣬ǧ򻯣Ҳ˶顣
һ˶ЩĬƺ˼һʱľԼЩĸ
Ǽ˳ĬҼҲǺòҵǣһЩ
ȻҲͱûֿʼǽؾʧ֮顣
ʱɸǼˣͲµþؼСӾѣ˵ۼ֤ǵǲҪٰ׷˼۷߿˰ա
۷һ̿ڷ
ά˹һ侲ˣҲ̲סڰģûѡ
һһͷ߷߲ƽ÷¸ΪĽֱͣӸҼȥ˸顣
ؾ֮Ǽɱ֣ǧһ֮ʣ¸ǣһҪҲֺ֣ᷢڽؾꣿ
ʲô⻰Ҽʱü
벻ȻؼҵĳСݺǣȻ۸ҵˣϷȥһ뾡취ؼڵ۶Ĵг
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328 

ûмɣȻѾδ
ǱϾѾ˶ԷİΣ£ҼҲûϼ
ǡ˼ǱϹؾͷҼ顣
ȻҶǱϹؾģһǰ̽һ
Ҽ飬˷׷׶ӣ󶼵ͷӦʡ
Ͼ˶ܹѧԺһռʽĽѧԺؾΪĿ
һǸϹؾ˵˵˽ԿԽ롣
ĺ£ǲռ˰ײռ
ܹһĻ˵ܹᵽô̵İɣԼ۽Ҳ
ڴ˵һȫĺ£ĳһϹؾڴ˴ĻȻǲȥײȥġ
¸ͷܶΣȻ飺ȥؾڶ࣬ϾҪˣھֱӶɡ
ҼԴ±Ƚ˽⣬ֻǰ·¸ĸСȻںš
Ⱥûжã͵浽ؾΧ
ȻϹؾϿȥ֮ǰѧԺؾ˶١
ǱϾͷԼ˵Ҫ洳һǡ
֮ǰѧԺҲԹؾĲȻҶ˵Ҳܹ˽⡣Ȼ˵ĻҲʲôһȥͺˡ
Ҽ֮ǰѰ飬Ϊؾ
¸輸˶֪νؾҲû
˸ǲ˵ΪȻľ顣
ǵ̤ؾһ̣ʯ֮ȴͻȻʲô
ˣ
ҼãæȥץסԵ˵ĸ첲
ûؾĴͻġ
֫ӴĻôͻᱻ䵽ͬĵط
ȻһʱҲˣֻܱץסԼһˡ
ʵղһֱվߵĶһԼұץȥ
ҲΪ˴һһҲշ
Ͼά˹Ҫĵܵһ΢ǿһЩɢ˵Ļά˹Ҳ϶Ҫһǿ
ҵ龰£Ҳȫûע⵽Լ鼱֮ץסǸ˵ĸ첲ƺһҪ΢ϸһЩҲҪһ㡣
һתǰһڣٴλָʱҼԼԵˣȴָһ
¸裿
ڣҼæ֣ͬʱﰵ̾鼱֮ԼȻץˡ
ԯǱߵ̤ͬؾһ֮ǰΪûץס¸裬ѧԺؾɢ顣
æҪץסߵˣҼһҲץˣץľά˹
û뵽ǣһǼ֮ҪշһȻ˵
ȻҼм㶣Ȼٻ
ϾѾؾ֮УȻѾȻҲ飬˻Ҫһͬؾ̽ġ
տʼʱҼǷҪ·¸裬ܲˡ
ְ֮ǰйϵҲֻܶԷ¸չЩ
ǰʲôǰ
¸ĻҼ˼̻عǰȥ
Ȼǰһ·֮󣬲Զĵطʲôҿȥʮֽš
Ҽһͷ߰ɣȥ
˺ܿʹյǸǰ˶ԷЩʲôҼܿͷӦ˹ôһ£ǸæһԵķ¸ǳ⡣
סڱǣ
¸ǻûпôһµģȻȴ֪Ҽʱ򲻿ܺԼæ
οԼҲʲôΣԵΪֻסڱǵĻпҲΪ⸽ǱʲôΣա
ΪҼҪԼ࣬ʱԼȷһ㣬Ҳ޿ɺǵġ
ʵҼҲԷ¸ȽΣԼֻôӦܿ·ʲô顣
Ȼ侲ҰԼĿڱȫʵʵ˵ķ¸Ⱥ˿˹ȥŷǰĳͲԶʱ
ΪԶʱǿ߷ƺʲôǶһʲôֵ
Ӳ˵ŵĶ¾еĿˡ
¸軹һЩ죬⵽ôһ¡
׻мּʶĳϢԼӦǰ龰Ӧôһ¡
ԭǰһȺνΣ˻þ֮С
ǰһԼĿģʵĶͬ
Էͷ­ԼҪıڴ̼ɱ
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329 ὣڣ

ҼȫӲֱӴ¸뿪Ҫôͳһˡ
ȻȴʲôûУֻ㾡ȫסڱǡ
ʵΪȥ͸ֲ࣬Ҳȷôġ
վͬԹȺһûκζΪҪ¸龰ʲôķӦ
¸ֳ̬ȣܹҼĿжԷ¸ӡ
ҲҪԼҪĺ飬ھʲô档
飬־ʲôľ
Ȼ¸Ϊ۵׸һ˿ʧΪ¸貢ûа뷨ȥ
ֻ¸趯һԼռ䣬ó֮ǰά˹ʱõڵס
򵥵ķ˼ܹ֮һĿʮУҹĿ
óǰѡ
ĵٴֻһη¸贵Ĳ
Ӳܹε˻ָѣҲܹҼЩûΣҲû»˶Դֿѣסڱǡ
һ֮󣬷¸ʰ˶ͺղŵһûз
һԵҼȴԴźҡҡͷ
СΪԼʮָУҲζȻĸ֮ʣһẦ㡣
˵գԴ˲ÿɷҼͱ֣Ҳת
ȴûм߶ڴ˴ȴ¸衣
ҼĻ¸貢ûĽͣǵȴȺε
ûãȺ˾;ѡ
ҷ¸Ϊ磬Բûʲô
ڻָ֮󣬶׸ղŷʲô飬òǷ׷ǰ¸л
лֳҪǽºľȫҲҪɱˡ
˽ӻֹɹҲʲôò𣿱Ͼղŵһжֻǻþ
¸Ҳû˵ʲôģЦǽ֮󣬾˵һΪάĻ
ûʲô·ƽӦ顣
һ˶׷뿪
ϾҽĿľΪ̽գڴ˲ϵеΪѰر
Ҳûʲô飬ȻҪڴ˹Ķ
Ҳ˲֪ǳжԷ¸ղΪĸмǳڶԷ¸ĽҼŷ¸û֮߳󣬾͸ǵĺ档
ҼʵǿȻܹܵǰ˵Ĵڡ
һ΢һ·¸ǲЦݣ˲ôһ¡
Ÿ·ĹҲĴ̽ѰûôҼʼ¸
С𣿡
ȻҼѯʣ¸Ҳû˼
ʣȻҲ͵ͷӦˡ
ҼȷԼ뷨ͬʱҲжԷ¸谵ض˼͡
ղž÷¸踾֮ʵ뷨ʧӰ١
Ȼܹϼλãǵ۶Ĵ֮Ҽôܲеİ
ԭ¸ˣ͵͵ĸԼҲҪǵȷˡ
˵Ҳ͸λȨ֮˳ԲʱҪԶһȺҲ͸Զ˲ࡣ
ȱ¹Ǹм¸ΪҪ͵͵ٰػǼ¸ŸܹĶ
Ҫǻǡɽ׸ģơ
ǼȻղΣΪþеıͷѪ
ôصĶҪЩҪõıˣǮۿ˵Ҳˡ
ǳʲôԭ򣬵ʱǰľЩ˾Իıͷ¸軹졣
ʱֱǰܹ¸Ҽ̽һ¾ʲôôһ¡
ͺʵСͬ̽ն̽·ˡ
ֻҪǰ棬һЩϡŹִ֣ûм֪ǺǻĶ
ҲֱǰΪ̵Ƿȫĵ·
Ȼǰһ·̣ǰȻһƹȴ͸¶ϢĽڣ
ڣ¹ڣűʵ𣬻ŵʬףǽڣĻ
ǰĽڣ¸ۡ
ȻҼȺˣȴѿưͲסԼĸǵ
ȫѸղŻȻ֮Σյε飬Ӱˡ
㲻˵Ҳôһ¡
ѽ˲죬ŵĶǱзݣʲôôĻȻ
˵֮ʹͷŽڣ˹ȥ
ҲʾҪ֮ᣬʱһƬ
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330 

Ⱥ˳ȥ֮Ҽͷ¸ȴһƽվԭأȴʼչ۲ǱߵĶ
Ϊ֪ƾճĽڣԲô򵥡
Ⱥˮǽʲôӻδ֪ҲֻվһԾ䡣
Ȼŵɭɭ׹ǣһƬĲƽ֮ŷ
ǿ쿴ǰŵǰѽ᲻һѺýⱲӾͶֵˣ
Ⱥһʮ̰ĿĴɨţһһѿȥĽ˹ȥ
ҲʾͬͬʳһǱ߸ȥҲͣš
Ϲؾ֮ĶҲȫпܵġǿÿѽһҪõ֣
˽ڣ˺ܿͷ˲ԾĵطⲻԾ˵ƺǷǳϲ顣
ΪؿȥһЩµϺõȴûЩǾʲôŻᱻ
ʼڴԹ۲ķ¸ϸ̽һ¸ĵΣͷĲԾ
һ΢üͷһӦñԼӼʶҼѯ
һ֪ƺӵȻһĺаŻеܾﲻͨĽڣ
˵΢ͣһ£жէ֡
˵˾Ȼ֮ʲôּ
Ϲؾ֮һȱ˵ߺͶߣòǵ֮ɣĻЩҲ˽͡
˷¸ĻҼɫЩ
һ˼ŷ¸˵ĻݣһĴ۲ţ뷨ʮֿš
ȻʽɫʱѾˡ
һѺýֻǿ߲ŰεóȥҸĥһϾһ
Ѿ˰γ˽ڣһѽаۿ
ѽƺͷͭûʲô𣬿֮ȴԵԣͺͨһ㡣
¸̧ͷǡɿһĻҪֹǡ
ȻҲõǲУǷڵϵĳ¾ɱ
ЩһɲǣЩȻһ˿Ĺâͷ
ףô£ѲЩ𣿿Ǽ񵽱ˣ
еıڲϵ𶯣ΪԼ䱦
䱦ԲŻķӦϵϲɫ˲硣
ȻЩΪ˶еˣһԭЦݾͽӲϡ
⡭ĳ¸Щɡ
ȻҼ˾Ͷע⵽ˣȺԭϻŵЦݵ̰·ˣϵı˽Ӳ֮󣬾Ȼıú
ˣҼɫЩϾµǿǱЩ¾סˣ϶մԹһҪˣ
Ҽ˵˵ϣΪĻ䣬ȺԹ˾ͷر˹
еЩɱ
Сģ
¸һҼһԼԸȺԹ֧ŵˡ
Ҽ͸˵ˣڵΪǵ˶ɽڡ
˵ͨˣ¸趼˺ܴһء
ʱӦǺܳӵĴڡ
ȺԹƺҲЩʶڣԴ󲿷ֶԸҼ
ȻҼĶɽڴܣȴҲܻӦ˵ʱ
ֻЩ˽֣տʼɣʱһҲ⿴ȥЩѡ
ȺԹ֧ŵûκʶҲûκֻ֪Ҫû˵ɢôǾԶɱ
¸ҼĻͬҲǱ
֪ҼĻζʲôȻЩԹ֧ŵ˲ܹ˺ҼֺҲֻµζѡ
ǲܹĽһЩ˵ֶֹͣĻһҼҲᱻľ
ʱжôǿЩɱǰҲȫǲֵһġ
൱ǰԭͨ˼һbuffǵսֱ͸Ĵһ
Է¸Ҳ˾״̬֪ǲӦԼĵơ
ôһֱȥҲǰ취ۿҼҪƣ¸һҧһθɴ˷ɻ
Ҳûа취İ취ˡ
˵仰֮󣬷¸Ҳ˲µΣֱӽеɻݵԼĴߡ
ԺеĶת۾֮һ룬ٴڴ˴
Ϊ˲ǰ龰Ƶ״̬¸迪ʼ
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331 

ЩԹ󣬹ɫŻҲû
ľҼյæ˵һߣվԭĴϢһһظһ
ͬʱҲ÷ǳ𾪣û뵽¸ȻķӣȻܹЩԹ֧û˿ʶ˱ӡ
Ȼܹﵽ׵׵ĽǵЧܹˣѾʮֵ˾ϲĵطˡ
һĻҼͷ¸Ը⿴ģ֮෴վǶЩϴʶԹɾͲôΪˡ
ǿԼЩ˵ĿЩ֣ȻʮԹҲӵŨһЩ
ͺҪƴȫ¸Ҽһ
ʼչ۲ųϾ仯Ҽá
ˣЩԹʮԣȻѾʼЩڵͶˣټȥĻòƽһʶܿͻٴ궯¸裬Сһ㡣
Ҽ˵İ㲻ЩԹѧЩڣеͶĻôͻԿ
¸ҲԽԽҲûа취ٴοЩ˵ʶˡ
ʱֻᱻЩڵԹȨ
רĴɻķ¸裬ɫ𽥵رһЩ԰ףͷҲϸܵĺ顣
һ˫üȴһδԣԾר־ش
۾ҲܹܵõԼԿЩԹ֧ŵˡ
ֻܶԼڵʼϵȺʧȥʶʩѹҪķʽƵĶ񻯡
ҲڵͷѹʱҼž㾹Ѿ˺ڣ
˵仰ʱ򣬾ҼԼ͸¶ŵĸо
ȫû뵽ԼҪСȻǼһΪͻά˹Ҫһ
벻δ֮󣬾ͽ˺ڡ
ͷѹĻԼܲ˵Ǹû뵽ûȥע⡣
ҲΪ¸ȫûԼҲ֪ǲ뱩¶Լʵǵ̫ǫ飬Щȫûʲôҫġ
ǵ֪ʵҼΪ˶еȣͬʱе͸
ϸѡͼĺ飬治ث
ֻµζʵǷǳĲ
ΪҼȻʧʣôһЩԷһëòˣҪͷŲˡ
Ҽܿ͸ıԼƣԭֻǴҪڵԴϢĻָһ
µٶˣȲҲֻһԣڵϴԼԶսȦ
˵ľǾ൱جĵԷһëˡ
ԼļǼߵҲ֮ǰԯ;һء
ҾƾȭŹЩĶǰֱǲֵһᣬԼԺԲơ
ҲΪҼѡһԴԴԭ
£һҲֻԼͷ¸衣
ҼһԴ޸ĹҲҪϸ۲һ·¸ǱߵΡ
۲һ֮󣬴вͣðҼͷַ¸Ҳ𽥲
Уȥ
ʱ˿ڴеҼ۾ӾϢżǱζ
Ȼ˷¸ĳͿʼļ
ڼ˵ǰƱ״̬¸Ҳͦס˵Ļľ˵ԼҲѶԸˡ
Ȼļڵ˵Ĵ˵ֲġ
ҪҲô׵飬ԾҼɵõĿʼ˼ʱ򵽵ҪҪԼĵƣ
˶Լʵһ֣ͷܹˮһսҲǵһķ
Ҽ˳ᢵȻҲĵơ
¿ŷ¸·磬ԲЩļҼҲ˼
Ȼ˼ʱ򣬳ٴη˱仯
ЩԹÿ֣
ԭһЩǵķ¸裬ϵı˲ʱΪ˾ϲ
ɻȻϲĶԼԼǽʶռ˵Сˣ
ͬʱ¸Ҳ˿
ΪС˹ĻôʹԶݵĵԴϢ
ͬʱҲСʱûĻҲһԼܹԸ˵ġ
СҲ֮˵ĵһ仰ЩԹ
һЩԹɴ֮СıҲֱ
-

332 

˯Сڹؼʱˣ౦ʶռ˷ܵĺš
¸Ҳʮ־ϲղЩԸǱѵȻ޴档
ϲĿ⿴ǰؾС
ղѾһѸղĥǵЩԹɴ¸ȴȫɡ
ΪС˵ЩԹܹΪ֡
˵ȫյģԲŲصġ
벻֮ǰý˯СڣȻʱøɵЩԹ˵
ˮ֮а¸Ļû˵꣬ͱ౦Цؽ˹ȥ
˶౦Ļ¸ҲһЦ
˵ĲЩǰСϵЩˣۿɼٶȬš
ЩԹĹУøİԭȵľҲƺˡ
ܿ쳡ϵȫ鶼Сϣղǽŵ龰ѲڳϣʣµֻЩƺűˡ
ǺܿҲΪԼ̰˴ۣȫһ̣ؾ֮ʧӰ١
Ԫɢˣòѽ౦һʶ۲ߵĳһҡͷ̾
Ѿþû̹ˡ
Сһδ죬һؾпʼչԼ
¸Ҳˣǰһ߹۲СϵЩƣһʮ־ϲĶС˵벻ЩԹȻЧϵЩĶʧˣ
СҲ⣬Ҫ֪һԼ˽¼Ϊֵ
Ϊ֮һɲǣ˲ܹһ٣Լĳ˶κˡ
ֱ׬ȻҪΪ˸еˡ
˫ѩ붼ȥִˣ౦ĵĺܣСˣԲôˣ
仯ԱľҪ౦ˡ
ȥ˭˷ܣ״
ķ¸εЦЦʶռ֮౦
Ȼ˵Ĳ٣ȷСڻ𣿡
⻰౦˶ݵĳĬڲܹʵ壬Ƿ¸ȴܹܵ౦仯
ѾܹЩ֮ЩĹĵģˣȻʧЦ
Ȼؾ֮УѾֳ˱Сڣʱ˿ȴһЩδ
һĶƤĶģֱһԱˣȴЩ۲ˡ
ЩԶԶϹؾĶ죬ҪǻЩľͺˡ
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Ŀ⻺תԼб󷽲Զĵص㣬ڴָҼڵλá
ǡҼӣͷ·ڿһԼǰһܹԼԵʳһ
һͬһһļ
԰ҪǻжܹӾͺˡ
СŵҼһŵҪˣȴʶ˿ڿˮ
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Ҳ֪Сǵ涯ҪɵҼ˼
ԼС˽⣬۶ԷʲôݣԼĻпܵͰҼˡ
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ܹɵĻСԻԼǱһЩ
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⻰ŪСñӳģ˵ҼԶ˵㲻ʲôһ
ҼСΪȴֵĲر⣬Ϊȫע˼ŷ¸ϡ
Ҳû뵽¸边Ȼĵơ
Ҫ֪СޣԲҼһ
ͬʱҲǳң¸ĵƵĻôҲԼʼʱûѡ¸ԣ˸Ĵ㡣
ҪǿӲظԣ˵ԸָĲֶαĻô˵ĿܾԼˡ
Ͼһ޵ǲСġ
ҲҼӸмԼ£ԷҪ֮ΪС
ͬʱܹ뵽ǣη¸ɳȥĻǰ;Բ
ʱܹﵽĸ߶ȣҲԼﲻġ
-

333 

Ҫ˵ά˹ԯߵ״ҲǺܺá
սؾʱ˿ŻץסԷԼֻ֣һЩΣֿµջء
˼ղ鼱֮Ҫץסһģδ롭ά˹Щεȡ
ץԯȻȥĮȴҲѿҲһЩΡ
򵥵ֵղץסά˹һͬؾԭ
ȻǼ򵥵֣ά˹ȴܹ׾ٵ
һڳصͣһҲʮ䵭ӡ
ǽֻһָֻ˳̬
ʹһû˵ܵܣһû˰ˣҲܹǼǰеĲ
ϾվԭûκôģҪ˻ϣҪؾ߶
ջά˹飺ԯҲؾĴ߰ɣҲܹˡ
ԯҲɫͷϿɡ
˾ͲԼͬҲʮĬͬһ˹ȥ
߳һξ֮ǰȴһĻҵĳ
ЩȻߣǾʵΪѲǸô죡һȺһͷš
ǳȺӵޡ
Щձ鶼ĽףЩʳҲǷǳѲĴڡ
ͬǸ˵һȻЩ޶ǽߣȻȴʤڳȺӡ
˵ҲǳĶ࣬ǳȺӵ׷ɱһ˵ĻǼǺѷҲǷǳѲĴڡ
ˣһͬϯĻɱֱͬ
֮ݲҲݲ֪жôĿֲ
龰ά˹ɵõüͷ
ԯԴ˸ӵ֮ǰѧԺʱ򣬷¸һĴ̡
벻ά˹ûоˣҲҪһˡ
һε飬¸ȻҲԼ
ֻ¸轲Ψһһһ㣬µЩʳޱһһЩʳ޿Ҫӵĸ߽һ㡣
ԯԴзҲʱӦЩʲô
ά˹һԼ򵥵Ĺ۲һ֮һ־ʹԯĿѿڶ
ܣ
򵥵һ仰УҲ˵׽״İ취Ҳûа취İ취
ά˹͸ԯĬ˾ͷ飬Ҳܹ׾ٵķӦôһ¡
οİ취ʱҲ֮顣
ά˹˵ͬޱԯ乲ͬƵתȻ˶ٶԶȥ
֮ǰ׷ɱŵȺˣէһΪԼ˾ǣ˰졣
ȻһǾ;ͷһȺѻɹֻʣĬĬ
ιҲ̫·˰ɣߵˣôȺӵܵĻ죡
ԴʮֲҲЩƽȺˣȻʼа˼
ȫȻһܡעҲ뷨
ʼǸͷˣǰܣǾһһǰţһ߻СĶԼԵͬ˵š
ұ£Щʳ޶ԼʶԲֱӾֱײҲǣԲŻᱻǸҲͣ׷ɱֱӾͰȺʳǱߣǶԸǵģǾͿ·ˣ
ĻƺǼһϲҳ
еϸ˾ϲɫеƺԥͺԴĲһ
̫ðɣ˼Ҳֻһ·ģҲûʲôοЩѲĶֱˣ񡭡
ѽ˴ĻôôϣǵĻǺҲǻЩʳ޵ģοǵǰѲ㲻ҪԼˣ
˵Ǹ죬Ҫһ£ԭ⣬ܹ顣
ͬ¶Щˣֻ죬Ҳûټ˵Լ뷨
ǸһͬЩʫһԯά˹ķ˹ȥ
ȺôҲ̫ˣһЩȻЩʳǵķˡ
һǰţһ߹۲źΡ
Щʳǵ׷˹һЩ˵ɫά˹ôһ¡
һԵԯǱȻȴһԲ
ҲǱ龰ùǺȴֲ̫ҪȺˡ
׷һ֮ҲѾ϶һֱҲǶ㲻ġ
ԯȷӦһŭֱ֮ӼԼıɽ
-

334 Ļ

Ⱥۿԯһ˴ƬʳޣʱŵԭأĿɿڴ
ˣǸǵȺͻȻ˵
ά˹ԼĵܵһʱбģҲԭⱻַ
οǸѹ˻ԼһǵĻ͸Ӿϱܵ衣
ԶһȺ˵޳ΪΪܣԭƽ֣ͬһЦʧĵȻ޴棬ʣµֻ޾Į
ֻһԼԻˡ
Ÿᷴɱȥ
˵֮ά˹ֱǰʼԯ
˲ͣضԸЩʳޣȴΪĹϵԲܹڶʱ֮ڽ
ȺȻҲά˹Ļģǻ˼֮󣬾ȷԼĵ뷨
ǾͼʵĴǰȥ
ˣڴҶһϵƣǵȻܾܲˣ
һЦ滢һ˵ţһ߻ûκɱŬС
ȴû϶óͬһ㡣
˶編ƣȻԯά˹ĻܵʱٶһʱҲԸǶǶĬĬĻˮ
ͺֻҪһܹȡʤһʵҲΪ˱ԼʵԸ˷ԼͶ
Ļ˼뷴Եʮֳ졣
ǶǼҪܵ˺ˣȺʳ޲ô˵ҲҪǳֶԸġ
ǲЩԭԯά˹մϰֹϵʳߣնħҲȫȻǡ
ԼʼնװģضԸЩʳޡ
ʵϿ¼˼һһֻʳ޶ûܶԸˣֱЦ
ά˹ͶǵߣĬĬĳš
һ߽˫һר־ĶԸЩʳޡ
ԯȻûĺƢĳȻ޿̡
ȻƽʱȥʮֵĮȴ֮£Ա֮֮
ˮһʳ޷ˮˡ
Ⱥ˸տʼʱûзӦôһ£ԼǶٵıȱȻ
ǺһѿǹʵǿǾͲò
ô£ЩĵĶôܵˣ
¹ܱˣȶԸ˵ɣ
ûκȴʮ̰ģһЩµǱһЩæ
ȻղǾûʮʮһƬҵΣȻȻܹʱӦ
ЩӦˣȻʧ˲١
龰ԯȻ⣬ά˹Ҳðˬ
Ȼ޵Ĺ֮Уȴ˷ӳ˹ζ
֣ЩôģǲΪǰ˲棬Թ⽫ЩҰ޷Źģ
һֵֹţһǰڶԸҰ޵ԯά˹Ͷȥ̽Ŀ⡣
Ȼͺʦȴȫʼʱ˭ԭӦȥԸȫȥġ
뷨̫˫꣬Щ˽˵ȫ㲻ʲô
һƬæ֮ʧ޴󣬿ȴҲվһƬޡ
ԯά˹ȻֻˣȴҲ˴󲿷ֵޣɼжǿ
±ùǺģȺ˽ȴʲô
ûеõκδϢĻͬʱֱǰԯά˹Χм䡣
ôԺҪ֮ˣΪղûǵСǰЩ޷Źģ
ά˹ֱҪЩ֪ܵΪЦˣŭЦɴҲ
ô죿
Ⱥ˼ά˹ش𣬻Ϊ׾ٵѡЭ
Ŀͱøӵ̰ͷСĻֹһ֮󣬾͸һȷеĴ𰸡
ΪҲǷǳҪΪǡֻ֮ܶҪѸղŶԸЩʳ޵ǣ¾ˣ
Ⱥ˿ȥҲΪ˶ļơ
Բûж˲η壬ʮֱֵ׳ͺûעõķһ
ǵĻά˹Цһ湷²
벻Ⱥ˽֮ڣһԭΪ
ǶͬһӣҲСĬʱֻҪһۣ˶Է뷨
ֻͬʱУȻڹ컯֮ºնɱЩȥ֣ʵȴͼıˡ
ڳϵȺֻʣ˲ûκ˺ˡ
ĳжԶԭɪɪ
ôԯά˹ȻҲûҪΪǵ˼
ϾͷβǶûиָֻţͬҲûжǣ˾پ
תߣҪ뿪Ƿ֮أΪҪĻȥ˵ټ
ȴȺղűǷŹ˵˽סˡ
λǰ
ԣԯά˹ת̽Ŀ⿴ǡ
ȺҲżɽ˵ǵ뷨
ȻǵΪߣҲǻڵڵˣҪǣ
-

335 ±

ЩҪǵ飬ά˹ԯһۣ˭Ҳû˵
ȴ˱˴ζɫ
һͬĬת뿪ûдȺ˵Ĵ㡣
Ⱥȴȫ˵ķӦ
ǵҪҪȥһ˶ɺͷԣЩɻĸѯʡ
ԱߵһͬɵһĿһۣж֤뷨
ֻһ߸ԯά˹һͷҲص˵ϰɵ𣿡
˿ԥ˰ΣȻҲͶ
ʼɻƺǾЩԥ
ΪⷽʮУƺӭǣҲһĬǸ˵˼
СֲԶĸ
һ·֮ЩԥǸ˾ԼĿ
ҾҲãû˵ͬ⣬Ҳû˵ͬ⣬ҲǾĬĬѽ
ѽôôľԴߵһԵЩͷ
Լ˵ˣû˵ͬ⣬Ҳû˵ͬ⣬Ǿʹſܾͬѽ
˻˸ͣԣѾһξˣǵʵûз֣ҲûκβȻûֹǣǾ൱Ĭˣ
Ҳ׷Ӧͣʾ֧˵뷨
ǾʼԥǸҲͷղ˵ˡ
ǼСֲԶظԯά˹
Ҳ֪ǵҪǣǾøĴаȫС
Ǿû߶೤ʱ䣬ǰ˴ӡ
ԯά˹ȻǰģǶǰοһ
ͬʼȺʳ׷ɱŵĶһȺƺҲڱʲô׷ɱ
ֻ׷ɱǵĶɾûʳôˡ
ǰģ˶ħѾʧȥǣ׷ɱǣ
ǰͷǸһߺţһά˹ԯ˹
Ҳ֪Ϊ̫ļǸ·ߡ
֮ܶνʧȥǵˣѾԯά˹߳ˡ
۾һ˲ʱ䷢ֵĲ
ãά˹̾һֹʧȥǣֱɱۣ
ά˹ܹ֮˵ΪѾ׷ɱʼʱ׷ŵȺˡ
ΪȺ˰˹ɱ۵ɴԯά˹ķ˹
̬ԲֹڴˣΪʵ̫ǿ
ԯά˹ϸһ۲죬Ȼһڵʿ
׹ħĺʿѰˣ
Ⱥԭǵˣһ⻰ʱɫɷס
һʿףɱ˵ӣͶһתĶӡ
ȫ˸ղŻ־Ҫ˵飬ֱõСݶΪ
żĶӵıӰά˹һ
ȻȺ˵֮Աǡ
Ҫ֪ղԯ˭Ҳû˵Ҳûб̬Ϊ֪Ⱥһͦ˶á
ΣҲһǣȫǰȺ˸ߡ
ȻûöãȺ˾ͼֲסˡ
˺ʸǣֱ۵İֵʶȲϡ
ԯȺ˼Ʋһ̵ܵˡղŰħʿȻûԶҲ϶סһֻˡ
ά˹Ļ֮ԯͬص˵ͷ
Ĭضһۣ㶼һͬȥ
Ҳ֪Ϊ·ˣΪŷͬ˵ĵʶ
ܹˣҲΰĺܡ
ҲǴһѪգǳȥһ̾·ˡ
ħûǣҲܲԵĻ仯Բǣƴȫ
ԯһ˵һ۳ɽȻһݣԥǷ˵ʿȥ
ά˹ҲߣȻǽޣҲֲ
ټϵüãտʼʱܵһ
״ҲûгãƾۿɼٶȽȥ
Ҳ޿ɺǵģϾԷǺڵĴħ
۷֣ҲһĶ֡
ۿԽԽά˹ԵЩļ
ղű㱻Է۳ɵһ쫷磬ĵԱߵĹϡ
Ȼûܵʲô˺µĳѾʮֲˡ
Ҫ֪ټȥĻǵ״̬ԽԽãҲԽѵԷĹ
ԶͷˮЩά˹˿ԼԵԯ䡣
ԯħǶԸ˵ģ¸Ǻã
ԯȻûԷУһҲԵһЩ糾͡
ΪȻûܵʲô̫˺½ϵЩĿĵĻȴӡ֤սĲҡ
-

336 

ԯû˵ΪҲûκεİ취
˵ȫֿĻҲҲֺѵķӡ
Ƿ¸ﻹãҲκܹǷɢעˡ
ôǾҲֻӲͷƤֿҳӡ
ȻѾɱ۵ʿȫĻᡣ
ʽͺܲκοԾĶ˵ܲƣһ
ټħ״̬Ը˺
Ҳûа·ʮֵļ򵥴ֱЩмܡ
ۿ𽥰ʿûаҪͣ˼
һɱоʱĹֱŻûдһغϵĴлعά˹
ά˹Сģ
ԯҲЩƣҪֹȴҲӦ
ۿһҪά˹ϣά˹ҲϾҪŵõɴ۾
ǧһ֮ʣһɫСά˹Լռ˳
ôά˹ϵ˺תƵСϡ
ǡɵά˹ǰ֮󣬻ʹı
໡
һжڵʯ֮䣬ά˹Ӧ˹֮󣬲֪ԭԼıԼ޷ԼΣա
ܹӦʱ̣ƴȫԼǰԲԼһˡ
һĻά˹ЩۣЩж
ǵĺû˵ڵʱ򣬸һ죬һѪʹĿ˳
ǡһ絽˵ϣһ뽦˵ǰСϡ
Ϊά˹ıԼޣܵص˺ѾһϢά˹ȻҲܵ˼
ǧһ֮ʣСΪѾ˸ж
ҲǲƺΣͷҪԼ赲һ˺ԲŻ
Ȼܵ˲Сķ˼ɱϾһҲǻһ
ά˹ҲûʱԼǸϽԼԼСͽʶռ䣬ú
ƾ˺Լ֮ӣԻܹСһҲֻܻصԼռ
ҲΪµ״ûнϾΣֵģҲûκιܹά˹С
⿴ȥ²ߣȴҲûκΰ취İ취
µ״ƺά˹а˼ء
Ϊʿûͣ˼ǸɱУҲֻǱĶš
ԭʿά˹һЩ
¸ˣÿһ·͸ӵķѾˡ
ͬôùԯʱһҧҲ¶˾ġ
ɽ
ûһĳɽ
Ϊħʿʹһһ˶ܵġ
һ˺ϣǺ롣
ԯҲֻʱٴμɽȻпܻķѵȫ
µ״Ѿа˼һһҪ˶ڴˡ
¸Ǳߵ״̬ոպתЩԹص飬ְС
һԵҼԭشҲ޸һ֡
һСոѣѹסҪɱ˼ԭ˼һӦǺá
¸죬ҪСʱСȴһ
ôˣ̬¸Щģѯʡ
Ҳ֪ܸоʲôΣգЩܡ
С⻰һ˵ڣ¸˲ɡ
ѲԯˣʲôвشΣ
Ҫ֪ԭԯһıԼޣ˵ǿнԼˣֱϴȥ˼䡣
ϾޣһԯйԼġ
һӦҲ˸е֡
뵽һ֮󣬷¸ϵıҲʱΪ˵ǡ
ûԭʼչϵƽɫҲʧȥ˺Цݡ
˵ҲûйԵ
ֱӾԶȥƺѰһԼܹӦķԴͣѰԯ䡣
Ϊ֪ԯǱߵʲôȻС˸ӦǾԲʲô¡
Է¸Ż쳣ǣԼȥһԯǾͻ¡
ԭԭشҪָҼ˷¸ԶȥִŽɫ˲оǳʲô顣
ֱӸȥһ߸ڷ¸ߣѯ
ʲô£ҸղſǺ˽Ѳǳʲô£
¸ûʱҼȫĽͣҲˣֻ˼Ļش
ԯΣա
-

337 һ

Ȼƾ˭˷¸ĻЩɻ
ҼϾǼˣǷ¸ûĽͣҲܹŲµȥ
οɫ֪¿졣
ҲͲٶʣ¸ļ̾˿Ҳֻһ߸һߴ԰ο
ҲļǼСȻδҶͬУɶǲ֮ӦҲʲôӲǡ
⻰ҲֻǵİοˣϾϹؾ׻ʲôӻδ֪
ʲôܹвǵĶҲ޿ɺǵġ
Ϊ˷¸ܲҪôǣҼҲֻοҲ֮顣
û뵽ǣĴ˰죬ûҵԯǣȴһϢһ
һһҼϽǱ߳˹ȥ
ʱһȥѾѣҲѪۿžͷ·Ǻľȫһ
ѪԵʣ´ʱ˿Ҳɫɷ׵ġ
ĳҼһ
һô£
ҼĿѣϾǼĶ󱲣ѪԵϵĽҲˡ
Ҫά˹֮ҲֱѧԺּ÷Ѱꡣ
ԼҵС˵ĳ̶ȣȻʮżġ
ĳ¸Ҳ֪ʱҲֻȾһһˡ
οά˹״̬ȥҲͦãҲֻǿԼѹԼеĵǣǰ鿴һơ
ȱ𼱣һоȣ
˵֮󣬷¸óռΪ·¡
Ҽϵ֮£ûãһ˹
һӻѡҼȻǼ֡
ڸеϲͬʱҲʮֽҪѯһȥ
һû£ɻǵû֮ǰ׷ʲô飿
ԭһϢһڵõֻ֮ԴԴϵ롣
ѾָѣҲ¶ʶȻҲܹ˵ǰ
ǶݵĻƬ֮󣬾ͺԥصľ
ԭһǱ˸ˡ
տʼʱһͬؾ
ȴΪͻƵĹϵ˶һӣȴ˵ʮһͬ䵽һɽ֮ϡ
ûǻŷ֮Զĵطһͷʮޡ
ͷΪʮ۷ޣƺһֱڴ˴ߡ
ǵͻȻ޾ѣǷŭһۺ󣬶ʱŻˡ
ʮʮ۷ޣҪˣսϹؾ˼ֵ飡˵սľ˵š
Ҳûǰŵˡ
еʶĿ¾ҪһˣȻҲ֪ԸȻʮֵּģͬеļƺûĽɫ
顣
¾ǻӴҲûκôֻɸѡΪûܹ˶ţԲһͬԿͷޣ
ʵҲһ÷ӣڵֿ޹ͬʱʹԼõҲһϹؾԭ
Ȼ̫ͬȴҲֻӲͷƤ뷨
ΪǶһȺ˽ˣ֪һ˵Ļ˵˵ϡ
ҪߣûԸĻôܾ׾ٵñأ
οߵĹҪǹϣ³Ȼ롣
˾ȷԼ뷨׷׺ʼʮ
ķӹȻЧЭܹʮ
𽥵һʮҶζ˲Ծĵط
ΪǷ֣һȺǿľҪһˡ
Σʱ̣ǶȥҲǰ취˼
һ˾ܹǰ£Ȼֱ˰ɣ
ԵһЩ˵
ðɡԥ
Ϊһר־ضԸʮޣøûʱûע⵽˵졣
ȴֹܹճ뷨ҲܹǵĽ
һδεĺУʧȥһֱȥģ
ԾʼǸ뷨һĬĬһһߡ
һ׵ĻʱѿһˣֻʣԼҵΪ˼ʮ޵Ĺ
ɶȺô£ôҲעȫˣŵȻʮ**һ˵
һڸоͬʱҲ֪Լһ˵϶Ըʮޡ
Ǿֻܵתɽλȥ
¾ʣһߣôܷŹ
Ǿһ·׷ɱһ˲ٵˡ
Ҳֻƴţûκİ취
ڣɽ۵һ̣ŷԭͷ޲֪ʲôԭ򣬸Ͳɽ
һǰȫȴҲһϢ
ʵͦסһ·֮󣬾ֱε
-

338 ƣ

Ȼһ޴󰭣СʱѾܲԯټˡ
Ϊ¸轫һƺãҽؿСʱ򣬻ûѯʣС
ѾܲκϢ
ɰѷ¸ˣȻ֪ԯһûΣգҲһ䡣
ΣգǰԮĻ롣
ڹͻȻ֮ʧȥ˶Էټڷ¸˵һ¡
һ˿Ҳǻһ˿ϣ¸轫ڴּŽĿ⿴С
ǲܸܵϢǷܹȷһŵķң
СĬãҪ֪κϢܲǾͲȷ
ֲ¸裬ڹҲǾԲܵġ
ԹһҲֻҡҡͷ
·¸ɵۣΪ֪ԼǳʧȥĿˡ
ڷ¸Ҳԯǵκټͬʱԯά˹ߵ״Ĳٲ
Ѿ˫˫ˣٲʲôľٶŤתľĻǺпܾͻɥڴˡ
ά˹³һѪ֪ԼԼ޵һҲ̫ãҪܵķҲء
ȻµҲֹܹ˵ġ
ӲҪ˵뷨ĻҲֻϣԼܹظ״̬Ȼԯһͬʿˡ
ȡȿȡԯ㻹𡭡
ά˹ǿԼ״ŲԶԯ俴ȥ
֪ԯѾɽȻֵܹǸ˿ʿһӡ
ǱϾԷǶħģһֱ֮ԿȥҲкľһ̡
ԯʱҲ亹򣬲վԭǺҲǿ̬֮
֪ά˹Ѿߵ˾·ԼٲܸκΰοĻ½Ҫûоˡ
˵ʵڵģԯҲЩԼ֪ԼǿԲҪŷ¸һͬ
뷨Ҳǳ֮ƣҪԺȥЩ顣
Ϊ˻ȥмڷ¸ߵĻᣬԯǾԲԼɥڴ˵ġ
ԯ׳ɽѾմȾɽǰΪǵֵһӡ
ά˹ͶȥѵõĿοĿ⣬Ҷ˵£лתء
ͬϷһģռ֮óƿƿ޹޵Ķ
ǡά˹ԯĶɵõһЩɵۡ
ȴ־ԯΪ쳣ϤôǸ¸ͬһ
ʵҲȷӣΪ¸¶Ҫȫϲǰ
ҩʱ򣬶ϲΪԯǰ׼һݣһҪϡ
ҲһֶصĹģԷ¸еĵҩԯ϶ȫ䱸
ó˵ʱȶһ
ѾûٹԥĹˡ
ԯ֪ڵά˹ܻҪҵϢҲάɽǸ˿ʿԿá
óಹ鵤ά˹ǰͨͨ£Բ
ֻҪάֵĻɽάָʱ䣬ʿսȥܹʤ㡣
Щ鵤ȫ֮ԯ伸ͬ͸֧һģٴʹԼﵽ۷壬ͬտʼûκʱ״̬һ
ҲͲԥΪ˱Լά˹ȫھ첹ֱ֮ϡ
ԭάִʶɽջصԼУ²ɽһͬʿȥҪ֮
ԯѾ߻ħʿսһ
ԭɽѾעԯԼ˼ӳ֣ˮһģʽ֡
ӳ֣ԯտʼʱʼԼֽ֮Կ˵Ťת˾棬ư˻
ɽԳƣȴ߻ħʿһս
ĬĬ˻յЩƿƿ޹зһöҩ裬ݸά˹
öҩǸ鵤Щ£ܹ޸ɵˡ
ά˹˲ԯ˼Ǹæӹҩ£ȻԼһů
űɵ˾ۿɼٶȬˣоԼҲָʢ׶Ρ
¸ԯƵЩҩɶʮá
ָ֮ά˹оԼ³
ԼռСҲ𽥻ָ̬֪ⵤҩЧжôǿ
֮ҲԼûټȥʱ䡣
˲ᶨɫֱϣԯһͬս
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339 

򶷵Ĺ̼֣ά˹ļ֣¿ŷ¸ĵҩص۷״̬
ԱʼʱҪ࣬ȻҲһ˳ӡ
ԷǺ߻ħ˵ʿҪԸȻҲô׵ġ
ҪȻʼʱҲûа˿ʤ㣬Լڵز
߻ħ˵ˣħ֮Ҳ已̥
ԼԷȻȥûаֵģȴҲһЩֿס˵ġ
ֻҪԯά˹΢Щ˵ʱԯͻóЩ¸֮ǰ˵ĵҩͬһĸᡣ
ҲǲͣĲǽǽҪǿӲķʽ֮Կ
ȻΪǳçײҲǿӲҲΨһİ취ˡ
ҲûԥͣĿŷ¸ǵĵҩ
ҲͣӭѶϣڽƣ֮ʱ߻ħʿˡ
һͨ˻ʿڻָ˳̬Ҳ浹ϣһ󳾰
ԯά˹ҲǱĵ˵ϣǺķȫȫľ
أԴϢһ֮ԯһԭشһά˹
úõһ£ҩѾˣֻܿ޸
ά˹Ļ֮Ҳ˵ͷסƣߵĸоʼԭؾĴ
Ȼ˸ո£Ͷ˸Ե޸׶֮󣬲Զȴ
ҪϰɣǺķȫǰɱ˶ᱦҲû
Ȼά˹ԯ䶼λȻƣ֣ûκξټǡ
Ȼ֪Ⱥ˺п벶ȸںҪû١
Ǿֹ޸ȴҲҲûа취ǵľٶ
ǻûж֮ǰֻȾ䣬ǵʲô뷨ˡ
ʱϸʱʹȥɽǱټЩҩԿ˼
⻰˾ɫһݡ
벻ǾȻͿʼ۲ߵ״ˣûǰĴ㣬Ҫȵս֮ȥ©
ǵĻܹȷǾǳɽͷ¸Щҩġ
ĻͶǸӵĲˡ
ô죿ԯǺǳġά˹һߴһԵԯ佹ѯʡ
ԯȻͷϸܵĺ飬ȴҲʼձ侲
ȱ𼱣רע޸Ƕ뵽ʱҪ޸֮
ԯĻ֮ά˹΢˵ͷžͱ۾רĴ
һ˶䣬ʼչ۲Ⱥ˵ĶϣǶܹһЩ
Ҳܹһʱ䣬΢޸һ
ʱܹһӣİ취
ȺƺҲʱԸǣȻڽղŵ顣
ҲתķƺŸղڴ򶷵Ĺǹ۲쵽ʲôҪϵõʲô
ر˲ԻָĵҩǸ߽׵ҩˣǲ֪ǻûС
ȻȺ˿ӾǱŵҩɽѾܹˣϾֻһѣֶû֡
ȻҲû뵽ԯά˹ѾЩҩˡ
Ҫû٣ǰᵤҩҲʲôò
ԯѾûκεҩˣĵҩڷ¸Ҳòʲô
ҲһһϢΪڵ״ʮֲá
ٲһЩʱ޸ĻûеҪļӳֱ֣ͬճ׸⡣
ʱǰòκζҲ߳ŭ
ɱ֣ҲǶǲ
ϾոսһڵĴܣòܴ߻ħʿ˳
ǵ쵱²˳
ͱԥˣһ޸ҲһԸˡЩҩ㲻Ǹ߽ףҲһнϣԻ㣡
˵飬ȻҲҪˡ
ԯܺά˹ûлָ١
ҪӲӲĻ⣬ȴ˶ڡ
˵Ǹ涼ҪǿһЩһӵϵĻǾͺ֮Կˡ
ϾǶ˵ģٻǻΪⷽЩӰ졣
Ϊ˸еֵʱԶˡ
ԯά˹ԭشϵ״̫
һȺΧסǣһŰΣƺôһ¡
Ҫû٣ɣ
仰Ⱥͼı̧֮ͷ˿ȥʱһ
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340 ͬʱ

ߣǶ֮ϵΪ
ûѶߣҲ
ƺվԯһһߵġ
ԭһߵֱý
ֱӶ˵Ļԭشԯά˹˵Ⱥˡ
ֵǰǽ
רĴ޸Ⱥ˽Ǿͺã
˵֮˾һͬĬϣȺͼ֮˴
ȺôĶ֣
һΪڵҪǿࡣ
ټϲԯά˹ܹˣ˵Ǵ۷׶ΣȻһʮ⡣
οȺСආҲûʲôֻҪû٣һֺ©ѣ¸Ͳԡ
Խǹ֮һȺ˵Ĵͷ˾ʶĲԾ
ԼһԳƣҲͲԥֱԵͬǷԸ
̫ˣ֪Ӧֵģ
Ⱥ˴ûʲôܼȴһġ
䣬һȺܴߵ뿪ȫٴץסǣҽѵһĻᡣ
ңҪû٣ɣ
һ˿ĶӵıӰɵõ֮Աǡ
תɴ¶һѺõЦݡ
Ǻãҽݷ磬Աߵλҵĺֵ覣
˵֮󣬻ûӦͺʲôּ
ǲҪᣬûʲô˼ֻ·ƽεˣ
˵֮ݷ˻ͷƺˬֱֹԸ
ݷӣҲεЦЦ
ҡҡͷҲ¶һ˿Цݣԭش˽
üǻǵרĻָͺáظ֮ǰǲ뿪ﱣǡ
ά˹ԯܹó˵ȷûʲô˼ҲǹֱԸ
ҪҲʱɴҲ벶ȸںսˡ
ȴԸʱ׷ǹʵǣӦǻǻָ
˵ж϶Ǽٵģԯ䶼һ˿мֵý
ά˹һߴȶ˱ʾ˸л
ллҽά˹ԵλΪԯ䡣ղǶ˰㣬һ֣һħĺƨʿԲűˮһսʧأȺ˳û١
Ҳѹ֡ݷȵ˵ͷһ˼ӡ
ҲǼˣ·ƽεΪҲǵһ
Ҳ̾Ŀ˭ûи֮أ׽ŪˡҲʵֵȻܺ߻ħ˵ĺʿԿǷ
ݵĽһȻԯʼû˵覺ݷĻû˸ǰǡ
ԯά˹Ȼػָ
޸֮ԯһʱ֮վȻֱ˱ȭһлĻ
лλȡ
һЦǰ˰֡
طϣ˵š
ά˹ʵںģ벻ʲôķӣǾ飬һͬж
ݷ硢覣ǡҺԯߣߡضҪϹؾټһģһжҲǽѣҲûģ
ԯҲͬĵ˵ͷݷҲûоܾ
˾һͬؾУתת
Ȼһ·ȻŲ¶˶ܹǵ֮
пǸղŵһ˴˼Ҫһ򾡣ֱӰϢɢ˳ȥ
û߶ãȻһɱ˶ᱦˡ
Ӧþˣһֱǰ
ǸʲôģݷֱüͷȺǰѯš
Ⱥ˵Ǳɱ˶ᱦ̬ҲͺҲЦ
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ά˹ԯ̵ˣݷһֱ򱧲ƽĴε˶̲ˡ
ĳĬĶһۣǰֱӽһ˸ɷ
ս֮ݷ绹һĨӣƺǾò񫡣
ˮƽҪ٣ȥʮɡ
ά˹ԯǶһۣҪ֪˶ûü֡
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341 

һǵһЩĲԯǣܾʲô飬ҪѰһ¡
ҼȻԯͷ¸֮ʲôӦܹܵõǱ߳¡
ټԼСлһά˹Ҳԯһ
ΣյĻҲУҼҲһЩġ
ά˹Ϊһĸ磬һ͸˵ˡ
ò׼һȻ޸ĻûôãȴҲܹѰǵټˡ
ȻҲûƴǣֱӳŷ¸˵ͷԼ뷨
ûʲô󰭣ȷʵѰһ˵ټҪ
ԣҼҲʾͬЩȥѰҪҲûչĻǳ£ǿЩѰҵΪã
¸迴֧Լ뷨Ҳ͵˵ͷ
Ǿһ򣬱ͷѰҹȥ
ϣܹģʱҵԯǡ
ϾԴǾԲǰ취ģѰĻͻһЩϣ
ʱѩ˫ɣͨԼռֱתƵ˷¸ߡ
ȺǶͻȥˡѩص˷¸֮Ƚ
¸ǻ˵״ֲ̬رĺãѩһλʱ򣬾
ãߵ
û⣬ͳǱݻûۼʶһϹؾоǺӵģ
Ǹ¸Լ˵ѩ룬ܹڵһʱ͸˷¸˼
ʮ˷ܵش˷¸Ļֱӻظ˷¸뷨
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һûҵԯ䣬һӷĲ
ѩȻҲֱӱ˳Χݻ
û߳ȴ⡣
ѩ룿ʮһ׵ޣһʼڼ֮أû뵽ȻֵܹطСԼˣøң
һ鷳һǸС鷳ΪԷȻһɽڴԲ
ͨ˵ĻһǰΪܹĳȻǱѩȥġ
Ҫ¸Լ޲˵̬ȾͶûаһ˷һʮֵſ
Ҽüͷϲǡ
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ȫʢʱڣҲûиһɽڴԲӲӲİա
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ֻһڷ¸ЩɻĿ֮У˵Լ뷨
ֻǿԼѩ룬øҵĻôҲܹһ·ȻҲΪѡ
ȻǳĿͺȫûռһûȶ֡
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˵ÿһԼ޶Ļ顣
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ǻûѩκηӦ¸ֱӹ˹֣ȻЦú㣬Ǿܾȴʮն
ǸˡѴ
ɽʿϵЦ˲ѣʧӰ٣һĮޱȵ̬ʵʵΪ𺡣
ɱ𾴾ƲԳԷƣҿǸˣ㲻ҪҿɾҪӲˣ
Ӳɱû㣬ûǸ¡ҽֻҪڣ˭Ҳô
Է¸費ʾĻػѩȻʮָж
䡰˭Ҳġָ˭ȻҲͲ˵ˡ
ȫû¸边ȻںԼʱ֪ԷֿˣֱӽԼȥܹܱ
ֻһʮһ׵Լ޶ѣԼҲ㲻ʲô
Ȼ԰ȴԷ¸ûԼԺҲܹҵıԼǿϰٱԼޡ
ȴûзԼҿȥͬԼ˻һ
ʼմڼ֮أͨʵѩ붼ůůġ
ߣɽڵʿһҵҪ˭ù˭
˵֮󣬾ʱҪֵľٶ
һҼһʼյǵߡ
һԼԼԵҼѯ
ⲻ𡭡
ҼҲΪĵҡҡͷ̾˿
Ҳ֪ԷϾǶɽڴԲҵ֮⡣пʱ
˵֮Ҽŷ¸Ǳ߿˹ȥ
Ҳ֪ľƾźַչµ״˵һʮֲġ
ҪӲӲĻڵֿҲԸ˶ԷǿǶɽڴԲ
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342 

¸豾ȴ񲢲Ϊ˴¶ģϵЦɺ㣬͸¶ż˿ڱصá
ȻվǸɽڴԲʿҲڱصõЦݣЦƺȷ¸軹ҪһЩ
ͬҼ˵һʱ
Ͼ˭ܹɽڴԲģֻҪһܹ졣
ֻһڵСķϣȳУİ취þĵƶˣûᡣ
˿Ҫ¸һᣬ˵Ļȴǿͺһж֮С
ȫҲ£Ż¸
ֺͬһģںͷ¸ţҪкα֡
ҪȻĻֺԣ
Ϊ˵õѩ룬ǾȫøЩڵģֱӶˡ
¸迴˼ҲʾسԳ
ԭǶɽڴԲĴܻ𣿾Ȼʱ򶼻һֱӣ
ȻԷûȶֵĴ㣬¸ҲûҪֱϡ
Ҳɵӣ֪ԼڵˣҲڸոյڵʱ򣬾ֱӿ׼ĺͶɽ۷ս
ѻʯο֮ΪģҪҼˡ
Ҽ˶ɽڵ˺ɽڴԲʿԿҪ˼У͸˵¸ˡ
츳ٺãҲܹ̣ԼǲҪǰ֮ӲӲġ
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ڷ¸ΪβԼöҩ֮½öҩҼ͸
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ٶݵһȼǾͼֱȫܹ⵹ľ棬ġ
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Ҽһߵ״˵ҩһ̾ͱΪԡ
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â֣ҼоȫȣҪ۾ܹܵı仯
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343 ع

ҼܹܵԼڵǣ¾Ҳû뵽Լһĵҩ
ҲеϲϾȻݵһȼǸƣҲʧ
ǲô˵ⵤҩΪɹĵ˶ɽڴԲġ
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ʼⲻϳԲһЩ𾪰ˡ
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ΪһŽ̻Ի͵ۣ֪һ򵥡
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344 Ϲսż

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ȴһʼŵһȺվ˳סǡ
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һȺ˵ķ˹ȥҲȻȻͣ
λ̨˻һȶǵʡ
Ⱥ˼ȻѾǣȻҲûҪټʲô״˼ֱӿżɽ˵ǵɡ
ʵʵ缸ʱʱѾ𿴱Ͽȥ̻Ի͵Ĺûʲôֻ֣Ҫǰͬȥһ㣬̤ʵ硣
Ȼ˽͵Ĳ֣Ƿ¸ȴ˲ô˼
ô˵Ļпܾζ̻Ի͵ĹֻǱ󣬶˴֮ͬһ硣
һȫµ磬ڱϿȥŻ޲
˽֮󣬾ͻֺᷢͱϿȥĲͬ
ЩȻ漴˼ǷҪǰʱȺеһٴοڡ
ܹóЩʲôֻΪӵĻȫûбҪǣǽȥһ̽Ҳˡ
⻰¸輸
˵ЩֻΪôһɵĻȫûбҪǡ
粻һô
Ϲؾ֮УһЩֵֹĽ磬ȥ֮Ҳܵʲô̫Ӱ졣
˼¸輸˷Ӧ̾˿ͼ
ʵʵԶˣͬһͬǰˣҲͲסӽصĹǾͬԽһȥ֮ҲûлϢʧӰ٣
ǰһԵæģҲ֪ôһ£ֻȴֲóȻǰΣյĺܣסһЩˣҲ˼¡
Ǵֱӽģǵһֲ֮ò˼
¸ǳǵллλǰѣǻϸġ
Ⱥ˻Ѿ㵽ǵҪξҲȺ˵¡
ǾֶԶһЩҲ֪ǷŲǿ˵ԭһȴʧӰ˵ˡ
ǴڰһҪóȻعˡ
Զ֮󣬷¸Ȼͷͬһ飬ȷԼ뷨
֪λ˸ղȺ˵һϯ֮ΣǾһ̽Ļ൱ڰҪǰ̽Ѱһ
ûһ˵ЩʲôҼҲԼĿ
ֻ˵ͷͬ˷¸Ļ˵ԼĹ۵㡣
Ҳһһ̽ĻĻĻʣؽҲڣҲͬһ̽
ֽѯʵͶһ
һѾᶨ뷨̾˿
˵Щ˵ڴǲǽҲ˵УҲгĿܣԾ԰ɡ
˶ȷ˶Է뷨ǾͶ¶˾ģصĹȥ
ո̤ڴӼдȻĴһ۲ɼĽ硣
ٴ۵ʱǰﻹǸոսʱҲ̻ͬԻ͵Ĺս׷ɣ͸¶ϹϢս
Ȼǽ磬¸迴˿ܵΣһһǰ
СģƺڷʲôսЩΣգԶڶˣֿ˿ǰķ¸裬һ˵ڡ
Ļ䣬Ǵ˷һЩˡ
ϵɫᶨרעһЩԵеɷ
οɰһվԭؾ֪ηӦ
Ȼ˵ʱʱ죬ʯ֮䣬ǱѾߵýˣȴûͣ
һ֮߳󣬾Ȼֱ˹ȥҴǵ壬ûһ˿С
¸˿ԭֻһͶӰѡ
ҼȥҲеʮ𺳣ŸղŴߵǻˣ˹ȥĿǡ
һ˳ȥʰ쵵ͷţ˿˺ò񫡣
ֻЩҼﶼûмʶġ
ȷͶӰҼˣﾹһϹսŵأ
Ϲսһظţ漴ƺ־Щɻ
֮УͶӰͶľȻϹսǲǶϹؾЩǺ֮
-

345 ֮ǰ

һĻȻûܹشΪ¸ҼҲûȥܹȷôһ¡
¸ĵطȴһ̫һھ⾿һսۡ
ϹʱĴսĻӦûںŶԡ
ûмǴĻ½Ե˽⣬ϹʱսƺҲֻһ
ڴ򶷳ļҳ̶ȣѲġ
ǰħսһսۣҼֱӶԷ¸ɻ˻شв𺳡
֪ҼʱЦĻ֮󣬾¸Ҳ΢һЩ𺳡
ȫû뵽Ǵ̻Ի͵Ĺһ羹ȻǴԽ֮ǰ
˵ֻһͨͶӰȴΪ˶е𾪡
ΪͶӰҲһһϦ֮Ȼɵģܹ侳ᵽ֮ǰħսǼֱǷǳ顣
һλûǼʱ漴һҵ𵴡
Χһжޱ仯ȴܹĸܵ綼𶯡
ǳʶģҼһ˸ղ̤Ǹλá
ǽ磬ʹۿǵȴɴڣһ˳ȥ
ǽŵҼͷ¸跴ӦҲҪһͬʱ򣬽ȴرˡ
һжѾˣһƬڰ˳ʧȥʶ

һ˽磬صǸԭȥ̻Ի͵ġ
ǰǼӣǷ¸ҼʧȴŵĽ֮¡
ڵصһ˲һЩ֪
֪ղҼѾ˼İԼƳΪԼһȫ
ʱԼȻܹǶ˲ܣȴҲܻȥ
ΪȥĻԼҼһƬİ׷ѣпҲԼȥ
Բõİ취һֻķӡ
µʵ̫ڽˣԵһЩļ١
ҵĴԭ֮Ϳʼͣ⸽߶ֹסԭشת
Ϊʵ̫һʱ֮侹Ȼʲô벻ȥ
Ȼǧһȴ֪ȷʵķӣЩƾյ뷨ȫֻ޼ƿʩѡ
ô죿Ҳ֪¸Ǳߵôˣ᲻ʲôΣգټȥĻ
һһ߽ԭתȦһߺ޲þԼͷϸ˼һھô졣
־ôżҲûκôҲֻǿԼ侲
һûµģҪӡԣӡ
һһһ߲ͣ
һ侲˿عĴţִǽ磬ȴַɿ˻
ǾԲˣһȥҲﲻǷֺǱߵôδ֪ȥҾȱɣ
һ׻һ侲֮ܿ뵽˷ӡ
ƵķԲһӲǰȱһȽʵʡ
Ȼ֮ǰǷ˺ôûԼĸά˹ԯϣΨһİ취ˡ
ȻԼҼͷ¸趼ĻôγеΡ
¿һǱʲôԭ棬ܺԼһͬ
ôԼӦٶȥҵά˹ԯ䣬һͬ취˾ȳ
򶨾ĵһȷĵ뷨ֿ֮һ۽硣
ɫᶨͷҲص۷ȥٶѰʣ˵䡣
Сѣ
еķ¸裬˺Լ֡
ͨǿ־˫ۣ۵ۿ
¸賢ӦǰĹߣ׿ԼҼ֮֮ǰһС
ڰһƳ˽֮󣬾һͬ˯˹ȥ
ҼΪһЩԱԼ˹
Լ֮ǰľ֮󣬷¸ûκԥվ
˷ϵĳҼѯ
﾿ѹģһԵʱ﷢ʲô𣿡
˷¸ѯ֮ҼȻǾӦ
Ҳ֪ǰĻǴʲôλã̾˿ҡҡͷ֮󣬾͸¸
Ҳ֪ôһ£ͬһҲǲŸոѲãûȷİĻλںδߣȰˡ
⻰¸ƺҲûʲô֣Ҳ顣
طԼȫ֪ҲͰˡ
ϾԼէ½Ҳûá
-

346 ѱ

ĻҼû﾿Ǻδǿ¾Щ˵ȥˡ
ΨһĿܾǣѾ½
˵ǰһжõģѾԭǸռ䡣
˶뵽һ㣬ǻȷ˱˴˵뷨֮󣬾;н
ҪǷʲô˽硣
ܵĳʮֵ棬Ȼǰûôʶġ
Щصͻȴ͸¶ŹϵζеĴҲ֮
Ƭ֮н˲ãǰͻȻһȺˡ
Ⱥǵķ¸Լ뷨
Ȼ֪ǰǵѣէȻϤĻһҲҪдҶǰȥ̽һ
д⡣ҼͷӦͺͷ¸һͬǰ
ʵʶ˶Уһ۾ܹûж⡣
ǿƺҲֲ֣ȻһЩ棬ȴҲûʲôΪ뷨
ǰֻǴ̽һûдǵȥĻֶܹ
ߵԶȺǰ¸òذ˰ݣ
һ֮ȺҲͣ̽ԵĿ⿴˷¸Ҽ
˼ԲѯǾʲô顣
¸ǰΪ̽һ﾿Ҳֱӿżɽѯʡ
λǰǶǡɳһСߴ˵طΪʶ·;·Ҫһ﾿Ǻδ
Ŷԭ·ʿͷ˿ȥֲ֣ϵЦЦʮѺá
ǻǣǰ߲Զܵϡ˶࣬ҲһЩӶʲôġǰ·Ļȥ
˵֮Ⱥƺڸʱ䣬Ҳ뿪
ǵĻ֮ҼɫȥһЩ𾪡
¸轫һжȴҲû˵ʲô
ĿȺԶһЩ֮󣬷¸Ҽѯʡ
ΪλķӦѲ˵ĻʲôŹ֣
˵ĻŹ֣˵ĵصȽϹŹ֡ҼϵɫЩ𾪡
Ļ¸˵ͷȷʵǾ˵ĻдŵĵصһЩŹ֡
ΪԼû˵
ΪͶ½Ƿǳ˽⣬֮ǰһΣҲһÿһǵãȻҲûж롣
ͨҼķӦͿԿóصԲô򵥵ġ
¸Ҳûж˵ǿҼҼΪĻһ͡
ҼƬ֮󣬾ֱӽ
֮ǰĶĹ飬˽ĵǡϹʱڵĵص㣬ʧˣҲҪǰڹˡ֮ǰͶӰǡҲҲ˵ħս֮ǰ
ҼĻ¸ɫҲ΢һЩ
ҼûҪʱЦ˵Ļģںпܾ
ﾹȻħս֮ǰһͨĵص㣬ʵ
¸뵽һ֮󣬾ֱ̧ͷ͵ؿҼ
ȴײҼͶĿ⣬˲˱˴е뷨
Ҳǻþ¸ѯʡ
ţҼ˵ͷΪϹؾԭʵĻþҲΪ档
¸֮һͷԼĿ
ȻǻþĻǾһͻƿڡҵΪѾǻþôҪͻӦòѣټ̽һ£ܷճȥ
ãŸղŵȺ˵ĻȥߣҲܹʲôͬ
ȡҼ飬Żȥ
þеһжǼΪʵģⲢ֡
ֵֻзûʲôȴûѹǶҲֻѰһЩͻƿڣܷлصʵˡ
ǰһ֮⡣
ڻûеȺ˵Ļǣ;ٳ
ȴҲͻ¼Ϊǿʵ·
λҪȥĶһƬؽôôδǣ
һİס˵ȥ·ȻЦ棬ɲ֪ΪҼڿĵһۣ;Щ졣
ǲؽˣֻǡ·ˡ¸軹ŸղŵĽڣҴ
˷¸Ļ֮һЦԶȥȫһʵˡ
Զȥȴһͬħһ㣬صǶߵĻ
٣档µ״ǷʵԼ߱ʹŵ
-

347 Ӷ

Ӻܿʧߣȥ֮Ҽ˼֮С
ϬܿͷӦ˹ôһ¡
ͺʲôɿתͷȥ˷¸衣
ˣСֱЩԼ޾ͺˣ
仰˵һﾪˣѵ˷¸裬ҼԼôһ¡
ղǸİ֮Ϥ¾Уҵȡ
ҲûлһЩ飬¸ڷӦҼ˻֮󣬾ֱԼռԼԼǽʶ
Сڣһܹɣ﾿ǲǻþ
ˣʵҪĵص㵽ǲڻþ֮кܼ򵥡
һǿԿԼǷԼԼǽʶ
ΪСڱһޣǴǰϹʱӦӦǡ
Ӧ뵽һˣǸղǸİصѵĻǾҪֱ˵Ļᡣ
ܿ͸˷¸Ӧܹĸ֪õԲǻþʵģ֮ǰ
¸һβڽйͨͬʱʶҼҲС仰
˺ȷеĻش˶һۣ˶Էеľ㵡
Ǵ𰸵ĻҲҪܣҲҪܵġ
Ȼ˵ĻҪͲǱģڵĴ
ǰֻǿͻƶѣҲֻжɽڴԲΪڻСֻкڣĴ֮ǰʵǴ粽С
ҼЩǵԼ뷨¸Ҳ˳ĬҼҪʲô˼
֮ǵǸʱǴܡ
֮ǰǵʵʱ㲻ʲô
ԲҼĻ֮󣬷¸Ҳ˳
֪˵ʲô˼ǼȻѾİ磬Ҳֻܼ֮֮Ҳֻ÷ѾµԼˡ
֮΢̶һ£ȷ˽г̡
Ǿȵǰ治ԶĻһӶӣپ뿪
ΪõڴͣԲʲôð취ؽ缫С
ȻէҲֻΪһתվѡ
·ϵʱҼƺʲôָϽŷ¸貹
СӦûһƺƽƽģҲ˴˵ݡҲҪΪˣɴͻҵְɡ
áΪҼ˵ĺеǷ¸ҲûôԥʹӦ
Ӧ֮󣬲Щεķ֣Ͳ֪Ҽʲô֡
Ҽ˷¸ΣҲ֪ΪʲôǾͬҽܰ˵
ҵֽʮҹ
ܿ͵ͬתվһĻǡ
ȷСһܹҵӶĳ⣬
Ҳƾڲź͵̣ܿһӶš
ûлķʽǴһƬ
ϾҪݳˣûã
˵⻰Ӷŵųҫ⻰ָĶȻǷ¸ʮҹ
ԭ֮ûкķκĶܹӶţʵԭġ
ǴӦҫֻҪӶܹһͬݳǣôǾʹѡһ
һǼӶţڵݳ֮ıꡣ
Ǹյ磬ʲôıԵָҫ
Ҳֱͬ뷨
Ҫ˵ΪǵΪ֮ͣҫȴʼҪ˵ǣǼӶš
ҲȫΪ¸ʮҹԼʵ
¸һֵҩȻܹıԼȷеΪȴܹչֳһ۷
۷ʮҹһǰǶΪһǶɽڳΪ
ΪʮҹΪĵøһЩҲȫΪ֮ǰˣ̫
ֻ֮ҪıĻҸھܹµĸ߶ȡ
ҲΪ£ʮҹŷ¸ͬôãȴͲ˽¸衣
Ϊ¸边ȻǸ˫ޣҡһȻ˶
ҫҲȷŵùǣǴӶ֮󣬾Ȼ䷢һСӶӳְ
ΪǵټǵӶŹģʵЩӴҪΪΪСӵСӳҲǵõ
ҫǶ˳էίζӳԭ
ո콵ʿͳΪ˶ͷ˾Ӷ˶Ϊ˶е
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348 

ʮҹͷ¸ԴµĶԱйѹʽͬ
ʮҹֱѹ¸ȴûж˵ʲô
Ҳˣʮҹ˷¸衣
Ϊ̲ѲɻҪ֮ʣҪ֪½ԹĴͳΪ̲Ļᱻﵽͷϣ
ʮҹɸֵĻ¸ֻЦЦȴûж˵ʲô
ûã¸СӾͽһ񡪡ͼӵ֮ܵɭ
ҲΪ飬¸ųױ
ڵ֮ɭˣڴͣһ°ɣҺҵͬҪΧ΢һ¡
˵⻰ģǷ¸λͶˡ
ΪȺӵܵΪҲֻǻڴԲѣȻҲֻΧ䣬ҵΧȥ
һεĻ䣬һ޺ֱӴ˵ĶĤ
ãʮޣ
ʮͻȻΧڸе𾪵ͬʱҲеʮ־֡
Ȼ˷¸衣
ΪȺΪŻԲȴɶʮ޾µҪԭȻҲΪʱͬ
֮ǰʮ޺֮ʮޣֱͲǲһǰ㡣
ȻҪӵܸʮ**֣Ͱ
벻һԲ֮ǰʮǰҲֻ֧ܿš
Уǿ֧Ҳûκôġ
Ϊ׵ӵһ֧ʮ޵Ĺһ߽ת˷¸裬
ӳ֧Ԯ
֮Է¸ûֱӶ֣ǵȴӵܵĺҲǳְҵ
ϾҪģҪǵıǲֵܲġ
Ϊֻ֣ͣᵢǵ
¼ȻѾĻǷ¸ȻҲͿԶˡ
һһͬɱӺһķӣһʮá
ûκĻԼ޺һ޺Ҫǹʮࡣ
ĻͰڳ˶һ
ˣղŻ˺ѶԸֿ֧Ĺʮޣں֮¾Ȼӡ
ȴûüܣͱһн
ߣСֵһᡣ
˶צӣȻػԼռ䣬ͺղŵһжûз
ȴİһĻ񶼶ŷ¸跢ʱƺһֹ̾ˡ
֮󣬷¸Ӷڴˡ
Ⱥ£󲿷ֶ֣Ͷƴӡ
ҫ˵֮󣬶Ϣ˳ȥŪڳ˽֪
ӶһܣԼ޾ֱܹɱʮޣ
һʱ֮䣬Ӷݳ룬¸
ҲΪһ㣬ҫ˵أȴ˵ۺ졣
һ𣿻ΪԼǿ󡭡ӶһСӵСӳЩ˵
ܿ˷Ļ
ˣͱˣҪΪ˼ңĵôԽԽࣿ
⻰ڲٿ
˵һЩȴҲ׵ĺܣԼȫǷ¸Ķ֣ȻҲû㡣
˲֮Ӷһӡ
ÿһεӶӶŵһСȥӵġ
ڷ¸Ҳǿҫʮֿ
Ҳ㣬Ҫȥ
δ룬˽Ҫ÷¸ʱʮҹȻҲ˹
ˣΪһεȽ鷳Ŷܹľˡϣܹҵίɣȥ񡣡
ųлҪ˵ǡɸŷ¸һͬʮҹ⻰ֱվ˳
ҫҲ˳ĻĿͶ˹ȥҴɻƺѯΪ¡
ʮҹȻҲżɽ
ųҲûʲô񣬾СӳȥҲԲᵢʲô¡˼ޣټһСӻܹһЩҺͷ¸Ǿʶһͬȥִ񡣡
ʵҵӧҫû˵ʲôֱͬˡ
οȻûʲôġ
Ȼ㣬ҪǰĻȻҲûбҪΪѣҪ˶еͬǡ
ʵҲΪһʮҹѾҪһԶš
ͷ¸ֶǴ֮ԶŵĻȻҪиӦûǲҪ̫Զ
ȻҲЩĴ㣬Բҫӧ
·죬ҫԴŷ¸ʮҹһҪ͵ˣҽһε
λܷˣܼСܹˣһεǽǻ͵ǡȻԶǿõ
ҫĽ֮󣬷¸ʵҵͷӦҫҲͷĵ뿪ˡ
һ·ȴۣտʼûʲô飬·ʱȴ˱¶ǵ١
ұ;ҪǴһ
·ҲܹģҪߵĻóôǲӶŵŵĺܣ͸ǵ棡
ʵҵһӦôһ£Ǿ͸Ͻյ˷¸ߣ
ҾԼ˶ֽţ˼㣬Բű¶ǵ١
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349 

ʵ¸᲻ôһ£Լˡ
ⳡ֮ǰͲµ˶лԵס
ΪԼͷͣȻѾԼǰţҲųۺ״ⶼȻġ
ﶼͨ˭ǸԼˣԲȫ
ʮҹĻ֮󣬷¸ֻǵĹһЦ
޷ʵзûǿϲ飬ȻһοϽ񣬾Ϊ˽öӡѾѡ
¸ĻشʮҹȻҲͷ
֮ǰ÷¸Щ֮ʣ˺һϵеľٶ֮󣬾Ͳôˡ
Ȼ˵ĻǾ˵з
ҲԼֵٲĵˣҲȥ
¸赱Ҳȥĺܡ
֮ǰһֱڣҲΪĻܹһне˳£ǰʲôֵÿѵĻ
Ҫ֪¸ҲʲôʥĸֺαһԼߣ
ȻԷͲ£ȫԸȥڱԼĻǾûиһ·
·Ⱥ˸ɽҲûʲôԷ¸ֻһܹ֮ɽ
ֻȺҲʲôƲ磬Ȼһ֡
ۿ˶ȫûʱһֻʮһ޴
һͨ޺ԭδüɱļˣƺǴͻʮһ޸ǵһ
ˣ¸Ҳûֹ
֪Ⱥ˶ǸĻ˵ҲֻǵһĴڣȻҲûбҪΪѡ
ͻȻǰʮһޣܿȥǱȽϼ֡
ڵʵѲǰǸʮһ޻ɵķ¸ˡ
ڵѾԼʵʮʮģҲᵨ
һͷʮһ޶ѣкο£
ʵҲַ¸ţϾڶ࣬ʮҹһ԰æ
һͷʮһ޶˵ĻҲΪԼڵ
Է¸編ƣ֮ǰڴ˵ٴٻ˺Ȼһнʮһ޸ˡ
ǸˣҪˡ
Ϊûаɹ¸裬£ΪԼ֮ǰȥ֤ʵ
ɶû뵽Ȼûֱܽӽ
һ˶ڰǰΣЩִЩ˵š
ȻΪԼⷬûбκڶ¸ȴĻ֮ʱ˵һ
ЩİɣȰźЩҪƺҸǿһЩȻܹΪңҲǷѾ
ڰ˱ʱһ𣬲ƺݼõһ˿Цݡ
ӳ˵ʲôѽʲôϵԼ֪
ڼ˵ĿⶼתƵϡ
¸Ҳû뵽Ĺͷ˾Ȼװ⣬Ҫһнеˡ
ĻǾ൱Ϊղһʲôӹֵ顣
򵥵Լܹ׾ٵӦ
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350 

¸䲻ΪȻֱһнɱ
һҲǱ֤ʵһУмƻõġ
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ʮҹͷ¸һͬǰϹʱģôʱ䣿
Է﾿ʲô˼Ǳ˽Ҫ˽˴ˡ
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ԭۼϵĿʱɢˡ
ȻûгɹĻ˶ûʲôӦȺֵȻҲٶ˵ʲô
ο֮飬Ҳ̫Ĺϵ
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Ϊǳ·;ҪᴩģҲûҪԶ˼ǾǳдȥҲ˷ʲôʱ䡣
ο·;ңԶֶ已̥ԻҪڴϢ
ָĿջ֮󣬷¸Ҳûй˵Ķ򣬶ڰźһ֮󣬾ֱ˷䡣
ʮҹҲû˵ʲôһ·ҲЩۣǾͬصķȥϢˡ
صԼķϢ˾ʲôδ֪
һټĿջǰܼҽܶһ·ҲûкķʲôֱӻصϢ
Ȼ;ٳǵĻǴûĴ䡣
㣬ڻиʱҶ˵ȥ䣬ҲӣջδҲ̫Щ
Ȼ飬Ҳ˱뷨
ҲãοջﶼһӶҲûĶǾͳȥɡ
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ЩǣһǾҪ·ˡ
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ȻͲסӣҲΪ죬ԱȽϴ󣬾ȻһЩ⡣
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ϾİĳǳأûԼļӦ»ʲô鷳
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ԼĽ˳ĬƺôͬԼ뷨ȻȴһЩ
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ԼĵܾܵԺܴ󣬿ʱӦҲʲô̫ڹֵ顣
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ѩ׵ͻȻմīΪԣͬһ
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ǵİɫѱҫۣȻһ
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˵֮ҪöȻԼȻȴֹסˡ
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351 Ҳ

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˵֮תֱӴǼ·ͬԼմī֭ĶԱصܲϵѡ
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ͬҲû뵽һεһЦȻǵ˲ǵĴܡ
ص˿ջ֮ǾֱӶ㵽ĸõķ֮ڡ
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ϽǸҪȻĻҳֽѵһֵǽȻҲͷһ
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ͬʱҲŽСǲȻ賿ĵͷӶŸ
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ҲǷ¸鷢֮ǰѾ˵Сžţ˵ͻȴҲ˳⡣
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352 

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డ÷ӳô
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ȻҲ£ͬʱԼĸǺͼǾͿʼ԰ģҲǴȤԼĽ㡣
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Լ׵ܵܵĻˡ
׼һٴοڡ
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353 

Ȼô˵Ŀĵػһξ룬Զݵʱ֮ڣҲҶԷ¸ʮҹЩʲô
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354 ӳջ

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355 һ

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η¸边Ȼͷˣûв֮£ҲһԵͷ
ֻҪܹԵͷһԸ⿴ġ
ҲһߴԼŮ¸Ʋϵһ߱ſϷ̬ʼնŷ¸衣
˵һЩ֮ǸνĺμҳϾͽĿջء
ûھۼϣǶǵȫȤ
Ťͷŷ¸迴˹
һ컹û˵ʲô¥Ĵ˴򿪡
ֱһ˺μҳϺͷ¸м䣬˲ʮҹ˭
ûʮҹʵЩȥˣǲų¸νĺμҳϡ
˶Էа֣صĳʽһԾǺμҵĳϿһЩ¡
ܿͷӦôһ£ԾҪ˵Щʲô
Ȼһûü˵Щʲôֱʮҹ˻ȥ
ΪһʮҲûи˵ȥĻᣬ÷¸ֱӶ֣͸ɾĳһУȻһӾͰѺμҳϸڵء
һѪܿƵ˳μҳܹظܵõԷһǿȥĵĹȻԼˡ
¾μҳԼû뵽Լʲôǵˡ
ôᣡȿȣ
Χ۵˳˷¸ⶼǵһ
ҲûõһڵĴܾȻܹʮҹһдˣѪ
ʮҹȻ治ɫûаֻңһжӦһ
⡢ôܣܼĸŮЩ˼飬ԭء
Ͳ֮ˣμҵ˰ΪǴ򱧲ƽҪԱĳϸӻȥ֮Ҳû˶
Ҳ֪˷¸˸ͲǣԲǰ
ټȥĻǵݵλʹžͶסˣȻҲûбҪڻ
ڴЪһʱ֮󣬷¸ʮҹͼ̤˻ܼ·;
ΪԴһε֮һͣ١
Ƿ¸ʮҹȴû뵽ǾȻִ̣һεǻʮҹ
ŮӳĲʲôǵĽɫԷͬСɡֺһ£˾ǵֵѼӣɾԲҪװ׷ˣ
˽飬ȻȻԴидҲʹͣȴͣĵ˵ͷ
ȻʾԸԼĸϷֻҪܹ˵ĹϵһҲʲô˵ġ
Ǿ˽һĻ
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356 

ܷ˶õǸˣܿ뵽һķӡǾǴԼĶȻǰʮҹ︺
ֻװģѹԼĶʮҹ˹
ʮҹü΢һЩĿ֮п˿ڡ
ӳϴεʵǲ˼ʵҶǳĻˡΪ£Բҳеһк鷳ˡ
ϵЦݺǸⶼΪԣò˵ݼһġ
ڵݼŵȴȻô˵طԷ˵ʮҹûʲô̫ĸо
ͷ¸ôһ£ֻСϷǲҲûκҪĵطҲû
ͻȻ飬ʮҹͺŸոһЩĮĻشˣ¡
ƿĿ⣬ûһۣƺЩ˲мһˣֺ᲻˿Ȥ
Ȼȴ˱˼һζûԼĸЩʲôֱӹʮҹߣҶȭ˵ӳȻҪΪʦһΪ죬ʮֵĽң
⻰ʮҹɵõüͷֹǲҪȻ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôȻ˻˺ƤҪԼͽܡ
ҲͲ䣬ʮҹͲ˷ôܻں
ԥԥʮҹֱӾܾȻ
Ǹ
ֻ֣ܾ˼ԲǶúȻȴһʮҹߡ
֮ǴСС飬öԼһԶŮյʮҹָָ㣬ǡ
һҪӡ
ǿʼ뷽跨İͽʮҹ𽥵˷¸衣
÷¸ø徲ʵҲһѾ˵̡
;·ĳ֮ǰڳһ¸ʮҹĿջ¥ϸϸƷ
һõ磬ʮҹȴЩֱ
Ϊ˾һЩˣ۷¸赹һУʮҹԵЩˡ
ôоǱһķӦδҲ̫û˰ɣôܹҳ챻˾ѣ
ûʮҹѾ׷Ӧôһ¡
һп¶Ƿ¸Ѿ˵ģԲ׾ٵؽĿתƵԼϡ
ҲʮҲЩʤ䷳Щۡ
Դ˷¿Խֻʼ磬ȴûʲôʵԵĴ㡣
뱲ֵĹϵӲҪ˵ĻʮҹʵҲǷ¸ĳ
Ȼûа취¸ƽЩҲֻš
еʱʮҹҲ΢һЩȻ˼Ҳʮֳ죬ȴʱһӻ
֪ĶҲֻܱٸ¸˵ˡ
Ƿ¸ԴҲûκαʾͲʮҹǷΪҲͲ⡣
治ĵ̬ȣʮҹûľЩķȴ˵ķĸоӺζ
ҲΪʮҹΪհǵľǾʹµ˿ӱޣȻûվ͵Ŀĵء
ۿó̽Ҫ˵˷ܵľҪʮҹˡ
ڵĿĵ֮ȷ϶Է׽ϣôǵĹҲǸһˡ
ʮҹȴҲ뱻ĥȥǾʹڵ֮ͣ뿪
ʮҹתͷߣܼôܾŹǶôͷ
ߡ·;ңԶٽɣ
һʮҹܶ÷ܣͷûлأֱ뿪
ͽ˶һˣԼһŮԶε֣ȴ֪ʲô
Ϊ˵ǲܼҰӣȻܼҵļ˶ʮȴҲܹ˵Щʲô
Ͼʮҹô˵ҲһܹܺڴܵǶԴ˲֣Ҳܹ¶
Ͼڽ͵˵طôҲûмصıҪпܻʲô顣
¾㲻֮ˣܼôҲûκô
ʮҹִҪߣǾûܹס
뿪ܼ֮ʮҹֻһɣƺΪ÷˲١
Ȼڻȥ·ϣͷ¸ִԼȺԱ⡣
ԭһڰ·˰㣬ҲòҲ֪һκμԪϳԱ֮뵽⡣
ξȻ׾ٵԼСɢұӰֵ֮ɭΧ
ߣһͷʮ׵ĻޣҿλܣҪΪ֮ǰ鸶˰ɣ
μԪһ߾öԷ϶ˣһ߲Ц
-

357 ׷

ƭʱ˷˵ȴҲΪʱҲֻɭл̽
ɲͨɭ֣Ϊɭֶһ
ȻǰҲĲȴΪ£͸¶Щʥ֮
ʥ֮֮£֪Ϊ˾ܹܵϴ
벻ǰ֮ɭе˼˾̽Ѱһ֮ʮҹһĿ˿ڡ
¸û˵Ҳܹʮҹ飬˵Ļʲô˼
Ѿ֮ɭˣȻҪ뿪ΧȴҲô׵ġ
һƬƬĲڸ֮Ҳѱ򣬸ο߶ݾߡ
￿Χʲôͼ˵ޣƾ˵˵δǽˣȴҲһ
Ҳ˵ʲôʱܹȥһһεĺ÷ѵȫķѹ֮Ǿͺڴˡ
Ҳֻһ̽һڲκǰн
ܹ˵ģҲ֮ɭϢ·ʲôķΧ
Ȼ㹻Сȴȫͬ
Ϊнһ֮ҰͻȻÿǶЩ޴ɶ㡣
Ȼȴûκһֻޡ
Ǹ߽׵ģһЩͽ׵СޣҲȫûȻ˾Щ֡
¸軹ɵõţѲ֮ǰ֮ɭûκεΣԿԣ
Ȼнһ·һֻйԵĸ߽ޡ
ǰֻҪΧӦþ޲Ŷԡ
ȴ֮ͬˡ
£վʧ˷
Ϊʼʱŵ뿪ҲûҪ̽ȥĴ㡣
ȻŲΧĵش
Ұ𽥱ÿһ㣬֪ڿ²ûɭڲȥм䡣
Ϊûãǵоͳһļ̳
СЩ֪Ϊмһ̳Ҽ̳һ㶼ɭֵĵشŻŵİ裬һ˵ͷ
ʮҹһԼд󷽵ķ¸裬һ۾ͷ˹ȥ
¸ҲСͷ̽ȥԼĿ⣬ż̳뿴ȥȴǴһ
̳м侹Ȼһڴİ׷꣬ô£¸Щȵ˵
ûнһЩǲû뿪֮壬ԽԽ
ĵشļֿ̳һڴİ׷꣬⵱ȻǾһЩ𾪡
ǵĶƺûоǰ׷꣬ΪмһΪӡ
ͺΧĻİȤһ
Ҳ֪ǲĶΧĻô⣬ѹûзĵؽ硣
һ˲䣬¸ʮҹԺжǧͷһ
ڶݵ˼ʮĬĶһۣ˶ԷҪ
Ǹİ׷ѾܽˣȻҪϵĹͨⱻ׷ӶǾ
һҲ趯ʶܹӶԷлȡһЩϢ
Ϊڱƭ֮ǰѾ˵ˣ֮ɭһѾεʮڴ˵ء
ǰͻҴϢİ׷꣬пܾǴеһֻޡ
ǵȻʼǻ
ȻûʲôΣգȴҲ뿪ˡ
һΪڷ˰׷꣬ûз֮ǰǲ
ǳٴ죬ʱĻ췦
ͬҲΪҪԴһ̽ϾԷֿܹ͸¶ĲͬѰϢܹ˽õԷԲһˡ
ֻ˵ľֻһʮ׵޶ѡ
ͬסһĴԭصʱǸ׷һͻȻڵķ͵תͷ
˹¸ʮҹһ㶡
ȫû뵽ûзκ£ԷȻٵȷǵλãͶĪĿ⡣
ҲΪ̫ԶĹϵ¸ʮҹûп׷Ŀż˿ʵĳɷ֣ƺǰ
ƺǹŪ飬ȴڽʩ
˼ѾܹȷԭĿǰϿɡ
ΪͨԷͶͼ԰϶
Է¾һεʮˣ˵ǸӦҲͬ
-

358 

տʼʱ򣬷¸ʮҹҲֻǸǸӶѡ
ǲ֪ΪʲôСദ֮£ԷȻͻȻ¶һ˿Цݡ
Цӳʱ򣬷¸Ͳǰ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôʱ򣬲ŷԼӲĶˡ
͵˦˦ͷż̳Ǹ׷꿴ȥ
ٴοϹŵĹЦݣ𽥱
ǡ
죬û˵꣬ͷ·ǰһƬʵĹ⡣
ʶͿʼһһǰš
ʮҹǱߵ״¸ֻͬоǰһڣžͿʼû
·ʲô֪ˣ֪Լ˭
ֲǸ꿿·̳İ׷ΨһĹһ
˶ͬʧ˻ǣ˵ĻһһĻĹ졣
ͬʬˣʱ˿ޱ飬һһż̳ȥ
̳Ǹ׷꣬ʱ˿̷·һȾڼ̳룬ɱŴơ
ϹЦȴûɢȥͣĿˣ˵Ķš
ͬް֪Щʲô
ֱͺǴ˷ߺޣڲм
ʵϷ¸Ҫʮҹ࣬ͷ·СڲͣŶ
֮ͬУ֪Լһʲôƴİһ
¸ҲǿԼ񣬾ͺҪԼƵ״̬ѳ
ҲΪֻܹˮ֮УҪȻĻ¾ȫˡ
ѹ¸裬һ㣡
仰·Ǳ˶Է¸˵ģʵǷ¸Լ˵Ļ
һ֮󣬷¸һҡͷһһ͵ػع
־ٴλָѵʱǰĳɵõİһ
ԼĽϾҪ̤̳ʼմڼ̳ıԵ
ԼѹĻǾҪ̳ˡ
ֺʲôæԼ߿˹ȥ
ȻʮҹԼԵĲԶۿҲһһǰȥϾҪ̤̳˿ûѹ˼
ɰѷ¸һǼʶģһӣڼ̳Եһ硣
ķΧ󣬲԰ĶȴԽǰ֪ʲôħʮҹ档
Ͼܹ̳̤һˣǰߵĻ֪ʲô
ʮҹѣ
ڹϵĻ½֮󣬷¸æʮҹϣܹѹ
Ȼֱͬ޼һ𲻵κõͬʱֻĿʮҲż̳ȥ
ҷ¸ع磬Ի˽磬ȻĻʮҹڿߵ̳ȥˡ
ҪͶǸ׷Ļ˵֪׷ҪЩʲô
Ϊ̳ͷ·ı壬ֻҪһ̤ʱܾͻ׸Ҳ˵ȻΣյĺܡ
ʱ˿̵ʮҹûκε֪ޱ飬֪ھʲô¡
ֻƺ˼άɻ磬һһº֪ײǰĽ硣
ȻһһײĲᣬҲܹݵֹΪ
¸ȴ֪ⲻǳ֮ƣͼ
ʱϵһˣҲǸ׷ȴĶ
ϹЦѾʧˣǻԿʮҹǡ
ȻȴǷ¸飬Ϊ֪Ϊʲô¸ȻԼµѹһָԼʶ
Ҫ֪ǰеʱ򣬿ɼû˻ܹѵġ
ϾԼҲһΣΪ͵˲Żѳ˵־ڼᶨ
ϻûܹﵽˮƽˡ
ŻЩǰʮأֺܵСӲǷǳǿˡ
׷ܹóֱˡ
ڸеͬʱܿɫΪȷǶԷпܾǸԼͬĴڡ
Ǹ׷˼һ֮󣬾Ͷŷ¸迪˿ڡ
Ӧһʾ䣬ȴɻƺѾ϶ֻ˵һ۶ѡ
Ҳǻֻл޲ܹҵѳ
˵֮󣬰׷Ŷ˶ӣһϴ˹
¸ŷ֣̳ƺʲôĶ
ֻҪһͻһڰУһ֪Ķ
¸Ҳû˼ڹ۲Σ˰׷ʻϵػظ
Ҳǻޣࡣ
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359 

ͬʱ¸跢˶ԷǱڼ̳ġ
ôҲ˵ֻҪʮҹԼûн̳ĻӦþͲΣղǡ
Ҳ÷¸еЩңԼѹģԼʮҹȫ˼̳⡣
˽ȥĻº᲻롣
Ҳ׷˼֪ͬʲô뷨
ĶвĻǾĲˡ
ȻԷ棬ȫãͬҲ
ȥҲ֮£¸µ뷨
֪Էһ򵥣ҲԲԭԸ
Է¸һ˼ͿʼԶİ׷̸
㿴ȥˣֻҪԸ⿪Ե˵˿԰취뿪
⻰׷ƺһ£ְ
΢ͷͻ˵ԲҲࡣ
ɫһ˿ɬȥ˾ÿɬ֡
¸Ҳ֪׷꾿ʲôŻ˵ʧ϶ʲô¾Ͷˡ
±ʮҹлع
ܹԷӳȥĻܹǿ϶ġ
ǲܹõ¸Ҳһ߾ܡ
һΪĲ̣Ŀĥ
ΪԼͬȷʵҪİܹѵĹ
Ƿ¸ٽŰ׷ѭѭա
ԭɫɫˣǻÿ˵ıʺͳĶͬ㲻˶һƱˣ˵𣿡
¸ЦŰ׷꿴ȥ׷ƺԷ¸Ļÿɷ
ʱûʲô飬Ǻ֮ǰ״̬һͷû˵Ҳûж֪Щʲô
¸֪ԼĻȥһЩֻȴûܹ¶ķӦôһ£Է¸Ҳٽ
㲻ҪʧҲûбҪƭ㣬𣿶ҲԷĲƭ㣬ΪƭûκκôֻҪȫıҵѣȥˡ
⻰֮ԼΪǰ׷ԼȴûмԼ
ȴΪҪӱܣǷ¸ԼԼЧʮֳڡ
ΪҲܹȷԼܹܲԷᾡȫϣˡ
ϾҲô򵥵ġ
ûκôܹ⿪Ļ׷ѾԼѣȻ뿪ˡ
һܹεʮȴԶô϶Ϊʮֲ򵥣Ҳĥġ
Է¸Ҳ֪ԼܹܲƿȴԸ⾡ԼԷ
ǲΪҪԼѣʮҹ߳
ͬҲΪ¸費̫ǰ׷걻
󣬰ɫƺɶ
Ҳ֪ԷʱòʲôõķԼ뿪
ܹεĻҵ˷ͻԼ
ԼѾ˺ܾúܾˣҲôһʱ䡣
οԼǸˮ֮еĻҲѹģǻԶײȥ
ԸԶԷΣҼһԼĻôԼڵľһ
ҲΪ׷ɫ𽥱ƺͨʲô顣
ã㣬Ӧҵ顣
˵֮Ҳû¸Եʮҹڵʯ֮ȴԼʶһع
ǰΣ֮һ
ǰĽ磬Ͻ뿪˼̳Եⲿ˹ȥ
ڵѾܹӦղžʲô־ʲô顣
ǰ龰ȴЩľ
벻ҵΪȻֻܹʮ׵ĻԻ˱ġ
ʮҹһһԼĶɽڴԲΪȴܹԷԻĵ顣
ȫû뵽޵ʵȻǿˣǰĻδҲ̫Щɡ
Ƿŵ֮󣬿ܹεȻ࣬ȴûжܹǿִʵ
Ǹ׷국ЦЦϿɬɫѾࡣ
¸Ȼĥ͸ȴ˵ĿлĿڣԼݡ
ҽаǧ֮ǰһȺ˰㣬ڴˡҪõҵڵԲŽ
Ļ¸ֱһ㶡
Ҳû뵽ǰʮ׻޾ȻǴ˵еϹް
һ˲ԺǧԲ׽
Է¸죬ȴڸ˵Щʲôʱʶ֮ڴʮҹ
ˣ
-

360 Ű

ûж˵ʲô¸ʮҹٶ㵽Χòĺ棬Խ˶ס
˸ոնãû̽ͷȥԶԶĽŲ
ڵλãȷԷԲǵʱ˾ֱ̽ͷ˵ķ˹ȥ
ܹȫųۣ֣ȥʥַ
ⶼαļ˶ܹóǻɢرĵӡ
⼸޻ؿ˼̳տʼʱɷн£˾Ҫʲô£Բһǳʽӡ
Ȼĳȴ¶ˡ
ֻȺ˴ʱ˿Ѿָ˴̬İߣֱԭα¶
װһӣΪﲻͣһܹ뿪𣿱ˣ
һ˼̳ԵͿʼضŰ䳰ȷ
̬ȣѷ¸Ūһ㶣ȭͷս
Ȼ֪Щ˽ҪЩʲôǶ԰̬ȣѾܹȺ˾ʲôˡ
϶ǰ˵ЩȺɡ
Ҳûбʼ˵Ǹ˺õȥȫһӣҲżɽ˵һĿġ
Ѿǲ֪ٴˣô㻹ǲϽڵ𣿡
ڰķ¸ʮҹһۣȻȺ˾ǳڵġ
ľ˵һǧ֮ڰȺ˾Ͳ֪˶ٴˡ
û뵽ǣȻΪȺ˾Ȼ˰⸱ģ뷨ҲĶ˷ǳֶΡ
ңһΪԼǧ֮ǰǸޱȵأǸѵɣÿﲻĥһ;ƲԳԷƣ
⻰¸ʮҹһ㶣ȫ֪ǽҪЩʲô
˵⻰֪Ҫûô򵥡
ֻһߵƺΧһŲʣҲȫȥһ
Ǽ޾ͷֱߵ˼̳ļˣէ֣ʱ̳ϵв˱仯ʲô󷨱ˡ
˷۹ĹԴֱ̳мλãҪŰһĹ
Ȼȴüͷûһ¡
ܣҲĳͷ
ֻ֪ҪһǾֻԼϡ
οϻһģ˩סжӡ
԰֪ԼôҲ塣
ǧѾ˳ǧˣ˵ľǼٵġ
ÿһζŪ˿ȴҲӿ״
ҲľǿڵȺ˾ް취
ǹһʱҪһĥڰ˵ҲѾƽˡ
š
һ֪ǿ̣춼ҧأȴΪֹסȫòૡ
¸迴ΣԼ֮ǰӦĻ̲סԼĵֱӳǰȥƻˣȴԶʮҹ
Ҫϳ壬ȴʮҹͨʶĻֹסˡ
¸裬ⲻµʱ򡣶Էֻ߲ͣοǰԷռơڳȥҲȲԼȥ
⻰¸ǿԼ侲
֪ʮҹѪ飬ǹڵ侲Ҳԡ
˵ҲȷеģڳȥԼԸǼ˵ĻҲͬȲ˰
ԼҲ˽ȥʮҹ鷳
ǲҪȴҲ޼£ֻĿŰĥ
Ѿеز㻹ǲϽڵ𣿡еһ޶ż̳İ󺰵
ûȻ˿ȥΪڵ̫ãûظ
ʵϾظҲԲύԼڵ
ΪǸйޣҪҲﱻܶʼĥǧˡ
󲻿ЭȺƺǳֻܻȴҿ̳֡
Ϊڵļ̳ʩǹȥ˵Ļֻᱻɡ
οþʲôķӣɱް
˵֮ͬһĴڣԼҪǿȡڵȴҲǸġ
ֻҪһ첻ڵǾðûκεİ취
ȴͨܶʼĥԼڵ
һᶪжףҲܲĥӶΪ֮Э
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361 

ȺƺҪڴ˷̫ʱ䡣
֮һΰҲѾ˿ЭĻٴҲʲô⡣
Ծͷ·йһһŰ֮ǾͷȻ뿪ʱų˺ݻ
ÿζĥ˿Ҫٶ༸ĻҲνʲôʱԼıģǷ㵽ףõڵĲݣ
˵ְ֮ڳһʥģ뿪ͷҲء
ŲõĽǻǻĥ
ˡȷȺѾ뿪֮ʮҹͶŷ¸˵
¸Ҳ֮ͬһӰֱ̳Ҫǰȥ̳İ
Ȼ¸֪ڵһʮֲãΪղȻڰȴһжҲ
Ѿ˿
ͨǵĶԻͿóǲΪĥġ
Ƿ¸軹ǾЩġ
Ϊ˭˵ĥеʹ̡
Ҳᱻʹĥȥ
͸ڰϢƺ͸һϢˡ
ˣȴҪͣһһ顢ܶʼĥĥ˵ġ
¸һţһ߿첽ż̳ȥ
Ȼߵ̳ϣȴ̳һεĽסˣȫ߲ȥ
Ҫǿͻƽ棬Ҳᱻˡ
ο޷ͻƣҲֱӽУʱһϢİ󣬻ǲ鿴һ״
ɶεϾô£
¸֪ôҲ޼£Ҳֻܺݺݵһ硣
ͺʮҹһͬż̳ɵİͶȥĿ⡣
Ҳǵʱ򣬷¸ʮҹˣΪʲôȺ˸ɱ
Ѿʧȥʶôᡭ
¸֮Ϊڼ̳İȻѾȥʧȥʶҾ۾޷ٴ
ȴۿɼٶȻָţʶĽ޸
ӵĻҲ͵ΪʲôȺ޽ȴǧ꣬ȴ޷֣˵ֱӽɱ
Ͼɱǲܵ飬Ȼʶ״̬¶ܹ޸Ĺܡ
ôΨһİ취ֻܵԼڵ׳ˣԲ飬԰ȺҲһֱϽֲ¡
ȻĻ¸Ҳܹ°󲻹ܡ
Ͼ֮ǰʮҹʱԼѾӦˡ
˵ԺпܵĻȻ㾡ȫĽȳ
̳ˣԷ¸ҲһЩơ
ܿһܹԼ״̬İ֣ҲС
СϹޣ˲ܴļ̳νһ˽⡣
뵽¸ҲԥֱӴʶռ䣬ʼСн
СڣЩӦܹõܹƽ̳󷨵İ취
ȻڲܹԺ̬ۿɼǷ¸ȴܹĸܵõԼĻ֮ԵһЩɣҡҡͷ
̳Ϊ󣬹˼壬޽ɽ˴Ҳᱻ棬Ҳûκεİ취
¸˺Ļ֮ЩȻ֪Ҳûκΰ취ĻľѾ޷תĵز
ϾСϹޣ˽飬˭˽أ
һֱ˼ʱ򣬰޸ĲˣѾָʶ
ŽⲻԶķ¸裬ֱͬһĶŷ¸˵Ψһܹҵİ취ҵɽֻɽԴ̳ϵƻ̳
Ȼʱ˿̰ȥЩЩƮƮġ
˵ȴҲȸղŵ״̬Ҫ̫ˡ
ѾٵĻָЩټȥĻŹ˶þͻٴαɵһ¸ʮҹʱģ
˰Ļ֮󣬷¸軹ҪѯһɽһЩĹ顣
ţڻûȷ¸˵ڵʱȱ֤
ҲЩģϾҪõɽҲô׵顣ԸõɽҾȳҵĻԸӦ¡
ʵǰ󲻸¸ҲԻȥ顣
ڷ¸˵һԷ¸ȻҲûоܾ
ֻ¸̧ͷҼᶨؿ˰Ȼնض˵İɣһõɽȻصġ
-

362 Ѱɽ

˭벻ΪĶۻܵһ㣡
ڷ¸Ͱ֮쳣Ǣʱ򣬸ղǼеһλͻȻ˻
һǳ⣬ֹסƽռչȥ
ãˣʮҹвã۲һܵΣץ˷¸Ťͷܡ
Ȼȴ˼ƺ֪˸ղŷʲô׷¸ʮҹͶ˽⣬ǾҪɱڡ
ֻһ߼ٵ߳˹ϻдʡ
ȻѾǷǵܣǾˣҲûл̤Ƭأ
˵ƺ֮ϣȻʮҹק˷¸裬Ҫٶ뿪
˾Ȼƾһ֮ͷɿ׷ǣۿžҪƺҪΧ׷½صֱӾ͵
ʮҹûа취ֻקŷ¸תҪطͻƣȻ뿪
˵ٶȴʮֵĿ죬Ҳݼˡ
ǳ෽ȴÿζܹ׼ĶǰĲԶ
غ¸ʮҹõ˶Щ
ʵҲûʲô˵ģҲǸоۡ
һֱȥĻķǣջȼֲסĿҲǡ
˵ֲģȻҪЩķ
Ǹ޼ͣΪѾҪ
ֶǰĲԶŷ¸ʮҹЦ
ôܲˣЩʱʲôˣһʼͲܹʡЩ
һ˵ţЦȴûֹͣһͣŷ¸ʮҹķ˹
ͬʱеƣƺʱƴҪ¸ʮҹһһ
ӸϸھܹóһҪɱڡ
Ͼ鴫ȥ˵̫ʣΪ˵ö֮ġ
ΪԷһҲֻܷѾ˼ĽٴֱɱˣҲʡ಻Ҫ鷳
һۻԭΪ˰ģ
ڷְעתˣȫûעǱߵ״
Զ޸ǿ죬ͲǸղǸ˿ˡ
ѾܹһЩ򵥵ĲҲܼ顣
ȻŸոջָʶڿǰôһ̲֮ˡ
֪ʱ򲻳Ļ·¸ʮҹܹųȥ
ǰܿ¶ģҲųֵ̬ȡ
һ߿˷¸裬һ߽Լոջָõûзֺȫע˷¸ʮҹǱߡ
Ϊ˱ģҲҪԼָ˵ɸǡ
ϣԴһֱӴͳ֮ɭ˺
ȻӴ˰ͷųЩ֮󣬾ֱԶʧӰ٣ҲҲټ
ٴ۾ʱѾһȫİĵط
ƺǴһڽĵص㣬ȻĲԶͳһš
ʱŴĿ˵˿أǿȥͣ롣
ȴûмĵص㣬ɼ֮Ժȥĵطȫܹ֮Ϊİ
߰ɣǸɵһɵվţдڵǸʲô״
ʮҹ飬¸ȻͷӦ
˾һͬŲԶĳ˹ȥ
֪ǰķո޸õһȻ˴˳
ص㾿ǺδǻҲ֪
ΨһܹȷǣѾûΣգҲرǱǵ߳סֽţɱڡ
ҲΪʮҹŽѼ̽һڵԭ
ǿ֮󣬾ͲֳܷϵĴ֣Ҳɹǳؽʲô֡
ǣ֮󣬻δ֡ʮҹһظţһߴԼļѰ
Ȼźǣûµ˿䡣
¸ҲˣҲûκεӡֻѰһĵĹ·ˣһ﾿Ǻδˡ
˵˸ոյ磬Ҳ֪Ӧȥ
һ򵥵ĶλĻܹ֪ھ֮ǰ·ЩطжԶľ롣
ţ¸ֱ·ߣҵһȥǳüĿ˼ңȻŶԷѯ
ţ֪֮ɭҪıߣԶ𣿡
˷¸軹òĻǸŵȻҲ̧ͷһĻظѯʡ
֮ɭȻţѾǶкԶľˡ
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363 µ

⻰˶һ㶡
Ҳ֪ǰ̫ǿǴ͵֮ǺԶĵط
˵ǸͻģԲŽӵ֮Զĵط
ȻҲǷ׷ǹʣȫûбҪȥ￪ʼ̡
˻һۣܹȷԷе뷨ôġ
ʵô룬ΪĿȴͬ
¸ΪڼѰɽԲŲȥΪ֮ǰǵǸƭԼ
˵֮ǰӶųϣȻ÷ˮ𣬵顣
ʮҹΪȥȷʵ̫鷳һЩҲȫûбҪȥ
򵥵·ŵл֮˾תͷ뿪
һѰһĿĵأһ߼̵ĽŶԷе뷨
ʵҲȥ֮ǰԼ˽ĵġڱҪȥɽȻص֮ɭȰ
¸ȷԼ뷨ʮҹǳĬһ
Ϊ֪Ϊη¸˼飬Ͼ֮ǰһֶ̫
һʱʧԼҲ֪֮ǰ˽ס
ǺȴĺܣԼʹʲôȴҲû¸˼
Ծ˽̤Ѱɽó̡
ҲûһȷĿ꣬ΪҲ֪ɽҲֻһһ
ֻʮҹҲԼ뷨ڱ߽߱ĹУ¸轫Լ뷨˳
Ȼ˵ĻǾȥѰɽȳѰһصɡ
û뵽¸⻰ȴÿɷ
ֻһЦݣͷƵ˵һ仰
֪ΪʲôһҪ־Ȱ𣿡
⻰ʮҹһƫͷԼԵķ¸裬Ȼ̽Եز²
Ϊ˵˻Ӧ飿ֻ˵֮ʲôף̫Ĵ
ڵʮҹĻҲѾ˵¸Ǹ֮ˡ
ҲֻǵĲ²ѣڷ¸ʺ뷨ҲǷǳס
¸ȷʵĶЩֻǵЦҡҡͷͽһԼҪԭ
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⻰ʮҹмֻȻ˼
Ҳ˼飬еİҲܹ
Ȼ¸˵Ļš
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İǰĻҲôһ¡
οôã־顣
ĳӶŵСӳֵˡ
շתľһϵ飬Ҳ˾Ͱź˵ġ
οȥҲͨͨˣǾȻ֮ǰ˳ˮ۵ľһЩ޹ؽҪ顣
һаŻҲڤڤ֮жԲŻߵһ
ʮҹ͵˵ͷûз¸뷨ͬʱҲһĴ㡣
Ϊշ¸ƻĻôǵȷҪһЩȥġ
ΪѰɽ鲢ûô򵥣ҪѰңҪһȷĿꡣ
޷ģûмҲû֮ǰͨ˴Ķܵ˽⡣
ҪͬɽһѰһʲƺ̫ڼһЩҲȷҪһЩֶΡ
һҲҪڵģܹЩϸĶƻڽгôѰɽҲ͸ĿĲࡣ
ǾԲ£Ҳֻһ߼й䣬һѰŹɽ
ʵҪҲһҪ飬Ͼֹܾй䡣
ﲻǵ磬йûκε壬͸˵ڻ
Ǿнһʮҹһ˼֮£ջŷ¸ѯ
Ǹ󹤳̣ƾҶ֮ƺҲôɵģһµ뷨𣿡
¸ϸ˼һջҡҡͷ
Уȷʵ뷨ġ
Ҫ˵һ龭ͽĴ㶼ϸõĻûز
ҪĽֻһ𲽶ѣ¸軹ûõӦôܹһжƻò˳ĽС
ʮҹ¸ҡͷҲϸ˼һ
ںͷ¸鴦һ׶Σûнϸ롣
Ҳ͸һͬ˼ô붼ƾ˵ĻһЩжѡ
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364 Ӷ

˼һ֮ʮҹֱӽĵ뷨¸˽ж
һֱȥĻֻڸжʮѣɽҲô׵õġȻ˵Ļö༸˵һͬѰɽ䡣
⻰¸ǰһҲŤͷԵʮҹȥҶ̽Եѯ
˼ǣ
ʮҹЦЦԼ뷨ҶнһӶţĻ𽥷չǵʵͲõСˡ
⻰¸͵ĵ˵ͷͬʮҹ뷨
˵ǲСҲľ߹ģеĶС
ӶʾҪԼӶţҲܿΪǸźˡ
λҪǵӶһʲô֣Ǵµʱ䵽׼׶εʱŷ¸ʮҹѯʡ
һ˶ûҲֻ
ҲҺ÷¸跴ӦĿ죬ӷת͸һ𰸡
ͽӶŰɡ
˲֪ôһ£ʮҹȴúܡ
ⲻϵĺϳô벻һŻϿڡ
ҷ¸ϷǰҲǶǰ𾴡
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⣬¸Ҳͷˡ
Ǿ˴Ӷų߳Ρ
ȻҪȴ쳣鷳Ҳ׾پܹġ
ͱ˵Ա⣬ܲԶֻˣȻҪб
ҪͷĻҲȷ̫鷳һЩ˲òһЩ·ӡ
Ƕ˼ʱǵӶ䣬һȺˡ
ֻǸͷͷɥĶ·һܡ
¸ʮҹһ۾Ϳ˶Էе뷨ҲܹȺͷɥĶڽ˾Ǻͼ
Ƿ¸͸ɴǰ֮н
ֵܼΪδͷɥѲʲôʣӶ˴žͶӶˣܷҽ
¸ǸǡӶŵĶӳ
˷¸Ļ֮ǿͽ
ӶҲһʱˣǽ˵һʧˡͣĽ񣬲ͣʧܣѾһʱûӶˡ
ͷ˶·¿ˮһĶԷ¸ʮҹһӵľҲ˵е뷨
ǿȷʵ̫ʺҵת֣ٲڵԲ𡣡
ӶŵĶӳҲӲ磬Ҳҵ㣬û㹻쵼ûɹ֮·ģΪҴʱûһȷжϡ
¸ʮҹͷѾܹ˽Ĵžˡ
Ȼ˵ĻǡҲǵ⡣
¿ˮһ֮󣬷¸˵Լ뷨
ֵܼȱ𼱣ģҺҵͬ齨һµӶšֻǡȱЩ֣ǣһɽĻᣬԸ𣿡
һ⻰Ӷŵƺ˼飬ҲΨһ·ˡ
¸ԸᣬǵȻҪȻܵġ
ϾͷɥҲһˣԶά״Ҳûʲôô
ԲӦȻٴһƬµء
¸ʮҹɹ̲һС͵ӶţžͿʼһ
ӶţһҲֿȵӶûʲô̫
кܶԸµӶŽ񣬿ǵʵΡ
ҲΪһӶӶ𶼲̫ҵǱ
ͬҲϣܹ˵һˮó顣
һɹĻǵ·һ˳ġ
룬ȴû뵽һȥ鷳ǽǵصһס
ӶнԱڿԸʱ̲סѡ
ȷҪҪ֪˵ȥӶûʲô̫ĹϵȴҲǼѽġǰѾӶ¹񣬵նʧܸաΪʵ̫ѲˣǼҲʮָӡ
ʵ׼һʱ򣬷¸ʮҹ˽ǰ
ǶԴһֵ׼Ȼ֪ʲô飬ŻԥĽһε
Զ˵Ҳʲôѵ飬Ҳ֮ͻӭж⡣
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365 

һĶԹԺͨռطһЩ⡣
ǵԽѲ֮˿ûɿڵĴ㡣
Ӷʵ񣬾Ӷϳһܹ顣
¸ʮҹʱӵļΪòɿ
λһҪΪȫǴ»ˡС»޵顣
Ȼ˵ĺеǵ˽һ̫ãԺӲռؾףȻҪֳȻ
˵⻰ǹӶ˷¸˵صǸ
ԷļҲаòʮֵŰ衣
ǾԽģûһ˸ҵļ忹⣬ҾǶҲȫסǼҡ
Ŷ¸迴ƺЦЦ˼ǲаòඣ
Ǽһ¸˵ΪҪ˱ᣬԾ͸ӵֺ
ûҲûʲô¡Ǽѱ˭֣˵Ҽ֮ڵгǧͷҲࡣʮϵҲ٣б´ù˵
¸ڽ֮ǰѾ˽⣬ĻȴҲǡײǵϡ
ΪԼͷĵϹ޺ֻҪĻȫǵЩˡ
ʮҹ֪Լ֣ҲֵУһԿϷ
¸豾ͲϲԷ̬ȣȻҲûӡ
λҲ̫ΪһЩ龿Դ˭˭ûǵֻҵĹԾͱҲˡ
Ǽô˵֪˿϶ҪԼһǾ͸æԸԼߵȥЩ޾ų
ҲǾһˣֻҪЩ޷ųĻûĸӶܹ
ϾʤƵģǿпȥҲûʲô
µٶҲܿ죬Ȼķų˴ǧͷޡ
¸Դû̫ھȣҲûʲôĸд
˵Ψһ̾ĵطҪ̾һռǷǳ֮󣬾ȻܹһӾô޳ڴ˴
Ҳû뷨ֱӺԥĽԼռٻ˳
Ӵһӳ˳ϣ˺һЩڴ˴Χ۵ĳԹȺڶһ
˵ģ˵ξͼҪѹЩ̨Լˡ
οƣֻҪһЩûмֻ߽׵Ⱥѹĳ
ǸʶȴҲǵһӦˡ
ԼȺ޶ûռȻϳǾֱӶ
ôţϽϣѲ뿴ԷǼΪƽ𣡡
ʹ⻰Ъ˹ȴҲûᡣ
м߽ҪǰһҲǱųţ»˼ڼѹ
Ȼȥͱһ
˲ѻȸ֮ǰȺΪ¶ĵʧˡ
ǰ֮޾͸Ӳҷˡ
һĻҲֱӾͰڳ˷¸ʮҹ˶סˡ
ǿһͷʮһ׵ްȻƾճֵĴһ˵ͬһɱҲȫΪ
ҶԷȥҲûܵӰ죬վԭУǾһЩˡ
˵һεļ֧ͥԮ¸ˣҲһγɹ˵
֤½Ӷŵʵ֮ǵµӶžȻ롣
ʮѲԽ¼׽֮󣬴Ӷţ½յ˼ѹӶŵͶ
Զһֱڲͣ׳δȴһӶŵע⡣
ΪǬӶŵų˵֮һʱ֮ڱӶ˴Ʊ⣬Щһ
ǾҪżʶһ¶ԷʵҲڶԷûȫʱ򣬽֮ѹһ£
ȻպǵǵλǾͺڶˡ
ͺܿӶŵפص㡣
Ϊ½ӶԴ鶼ûоƾĴãפĵصӶԶǱȽϺҡ
ǸӶŵפ𣿿ȥõģҲûʲô˲𡣲ҹУҼʶһǵʵҲҰƵţ
ƣ¸üͷûж˵ʲôûƤӶû̧һ¡
һСΪǵӶŴʤʮҹΪӳȴûгͷһΰ˵Ӧϳˡ
ʮҹҲɳûеطʩչȭţԶ˵ֱǰ֮š
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366 С

ȫʮҹģԼݾöԷη塣
οֻһ½ӶŶѣӶŵͷҲֻǰаˡ
ͺĿڳƣʲô汾µĻԣ
ʱ˿̵һţҵӣޱʮҹҲȫ¡
ʮҹޣҲֻҪԷһˡ
δԷȻԴ󣬾ȻڳʩʮҹҲͲٿ
ֻ΢֣ڶԷȫûзӦ£ֱǵš
͵ЦݽϣϽܣſĶһ
ȫû뵽ԷʵƺĲСȻԼʱԼûܷӦ
Щζӳ£֪ǲЩڡ
Ҳ֪Լͬһ֪ԷԼӦӦȴҲܵӱˡ
ΪԼĺݻѾ˳ȥͷܣصڶͻᴫǣǵǬӶžͱȥˡ
ڼȻѾƣӲͷƤҲһҪⳡԽȥ
ʹˣҲ紫Լӱ
һ֮󣬾ֱͿʼԸԼԱ
ҲҪˣղֻû׼ȻԷǰǾҪúõĸǴһˣǧҪ飡
ȻĻ䣬յĻعͷһνӣ㿴ʮҹʱ
һ۵Ĺâǰһȴûֱţǵ㵽ֹȴһûվȣ˼
ٴ̧ͷʱǡӭʮҹĿ⡣
ʮҹ˿˫ֽǰһӵĿ⿴ǰͣʵеĲмһǸ˶ܹ
ҲطˮˣҪƵĻɴһϰɡһˣ
⻰ЩҧгݣҲ֪Է̫ſ˵ı¡
ƲˣҾͲһܹ֮ǬӶŲɣ
˵ֱ֮ĵ֣ǴʮҹúõĹС֪ƵʱжôţʱжôĲҡ
һжѾ䶨ʱǬӶŵӶǴҪôţҪôſš
ȫӶפصǰмְҰ˼
ʮҹûɱУȴҲһļǬӶŵСӴ䡣
˵ûı˼ȴǳԵ˽ѵڵξ֪ղŷʲô
ôĿҲԲֻϣԷܹʶԼ뷨Ĵ
ϾԴƵˣʮҹҲӲ
˵ԷԼʮ֮һˣҪҲһࡣ
ûֶεĻʮҹôũҼλá
˵ͷ¸ӶŻҪڴ˵š
ӵĻôƵ˾;Ҫһùӳԡ
ȥԼӶŵһεͬʱҲ˲ǡ
ʱ˿ΪǱĿܾҪ˵ˡ
Ҫ֪ⳡ֮ǰǾû뵽Լ½Ӷŵųġ
ȻĻֺαصǰƣ
Ҫ½Ӷŵ⽫Ƿ֮ǬӶŵв
֮ǰȻԼҲӶŵһ졣
ȻѾˣҲֻܸȥܹڴ˴ͣ
ȻǾЩⲻȥԻȥ֮Ͱ˼žôӶţҲǳͷԡ
ܿ뵽һС
ȥ֮һ򵥵;ٴǰӶ
ǵһӶŵܲﾭܹŸСӶӳӰ
ʱ۷Ӷһ֧СֶӵĶӳַɣӶΪԼСӴ
һӶͿȲĴ˹ȥ
֣þò֪ǳ˴£
ǸַɵһɸʵӣƺΪΪԼݶе
͵ǬӶҲСȻҲҪֱ档
ַȻڳһ߲ʵļӣȴҲϵĻش͵Ļ
Ŷֵкθ߼˵˵
һԷϻˣҲԥЦЦ
һӶţǸ½СӶţȴ÷ˮ𡣻צ˵һҪԽ۷Ӷŵλأ
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367 

ŶҪǰô˵ĻȺǷģ
ַɻȤ΢ӵĿɨԼԵ͡
ˣ͸Ͻͷǡ
Ҫַ֪һߣӶҵѾķĴߵλá
ֵǶӶһСӶӳô꣬Ȼ
ôҲ۷Ӷŷ
˵֮Ҳˣûк͵𣬾ֱӴԼСӵĶԱ뿪
ͲںԷǷԼֻǷԼӡ
ϾĿѾˡ
ʵĿĲҪСӵĶӳȥҷ¸鷳
ΪĺŵģǶӶŵŶӵ档
ҪӶŴĻôӶžǽ˳
ֵںǿӶŽ˳ĻҲһûȥ
ҲΪ뵽һ㣬ǰԭ
ҪľǻԼܲϷˡ
õǸַȻ۷ӶеһСӵĶӳȴҲǷ¸衣
ֱƣȻоͱ¸ˡ
˵ʼ;ûַǵĶ鱧жţǺ˵֮󣬻Щһ
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ӶСӶ򲻹¸ǣǷ¸Ǿжôǿ
յĽ֪¸ǲûжΪӶеһ
ǽͶǵĶӵĶˡ
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Ҳ֪һߵַôܾ׷Źǡ
һ˸˵һЩţһЩ
͸һҲҪ뷽跨ıһ·¸ǣԼҳӡ
˵õİ취¾Ǹ״ˡ
Ȼȥųֱҵ˸ųæ
۷ӶŵĸųһҲһصģڸҲ۷Ӷŵų¡
Ҳܹλõԭ
ַίһӶŽӣһ״Ҳԭ顣
ֻû뵽һԴ˵̬ȴΪĮ
ΪңǼƽʲô
ַһһں̬ȣʱЩˣæһ
ųɾûô򵥡ǰ˵Ǹ½СӶŰˣȴŵĺܡﰵﶼҪǵķ룬һҪǲڽŵµ˼
һ̬ɲ̲֪ˣһҸʱմһµģȴСȥæɡ
һ˵ַɻΪԻԼ
ԷǴˣڽųҪôƺҲƿص˵ġ
Ұοһ뿪
ͬĵһȷʵûаϡ
ΪҪӶŲڽŵµӶŶǡ
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ղ֮󣬵۷ӶŵĸųһӶΪԼŶ
ǡ¸ʮҹӶŲĦ
һӶΪԼµСԾֱתվ
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ʲô߼۷Ӷյȫա
Ļ֮нԱƺɣҹƬҲһԲ
һ΢üͷȻ̧ͷ˹ȥ
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⸱ӣһֱֱȥһüͷ
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һһţһԺѾ˼𰸡
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ԸţѡֿȵһӶţҲӶš
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368 ưͿ

ʱһҲѾˣнԱ˵ǸӶţǽַԼ״ʱ˵Ǹ
˵˵ҪǴѹԼȴû¡
Ҳû뵽ԼӶţȻʵȻǵһӶŵĸ߼ܹùȥ
ַΪ۷ӶһСֶӵĶӳߣһ͸Ӳˡ
һ¶ʱһЩðɣҲ̲˵ġ
ǾֱüͷнԱѯ
ӶŵڻӶ𣿡
ڵġ
ָλãҪȥǣ
ǡ
˵
һ̬׺࣬нԱҲ΢һЩ¡
ԲǣȻҲ͸һָӶŵĶԱڵķ
һһǸ˹ȥȻ˴ʱӶŵĳԱ
棬һһǰ˵ͺӶŵ˴ˡ
ӶŵȫûзӦôһ£ʮҹͷ¸趼ڳ
ǵһӶŵĸųĴѹȻǵв
ղҰܣһٹ˽ĸѵˡ
ĳԱҲֻһˣ΢һЩǱĻӶŵפص㡣
˻ĶԱĲѵΧ
ô£ȥӶôˣ
Աѯʣ˵ЩԱȻ޾ϸĽȥ˵һͨ
Ҳ֪֮ǰһЩڲľԸôһ¡
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ǣ۷ӶţԼˣˡǲȥĻ֪ҪˣЩʲô۶ӳ
˶Դ߲ѣҪ汨ĺ
Ȼµľȴų͸ųİ
ΪʮҹоԼԴڱչص״̬ݵʱ֮ھԱҲϵ
¸ǴűСӳȥִˣδ飬ʱҲܹǰȥ߶š
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Ȼų͸ųڵĻǾǰɡ鲻̫ãϵľ˺Ǿûȥˡ
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ͲǷæ顣
ԾֻлܲļСӶӳӶŵСӵĶӳӭս
ţûʮҹͷ¸İģôǵĶ֣
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⸱ӣϵıԭļƽֱЩί
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û뵽¸Ȼ֧ǣԱǷǳĸжҲͺԥȥ˳
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οԼĶԱǰٷ֮ٵΣôһȺӵǾԲѵġ
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ܾΪԼĸųߴ˼Է磬Բڵľ档
ϸ˼һֽǰ֮󣬷¸Ѿܹͨôһˡ
Ҳ˵ķ¸裬һΪ̵ˣ£ȻܳԸưͿ
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369 ɱӺ

ţǡǼ˶˵ĶԱЩ֧֧ģ֪Ǻá
¸ʵһֱ˼鵽Ӧδ
Ȼ˵ĻǾԲܿԼĶԱƽ޹ʵ۸
οҪվȽŸѵֶǾԲܵģԾ͸ܹƾŶԷңˡ
ֻһΣͻǾԼԼǱβӡ
Է¸ֻҪһԼӦ
ֻ΢΢һЦֱӰοԼĶԱ
û£һƴġӶŲŸոսȻҪվȽŸҪĻһɱӺ
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Ҳˣֻһ⻰֪˷¸뷨ҲҪˡ
¸򵥵Ĵһ£ʹ֮ǰԼȥִһӶԱһЩƤˣǸû˵ĶԱһͬ۷Ӷŵܲ
۷Ӷŵ˼˴Ȼһ㶡
˵ĴҲ٣¸ǻŵġ
һμֱ˴˴֮ǰ飬ôһ¡
η¸ȴһԼĿġ
Ӷŵĸţһǵĸųһ
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Ȼ֪ΪΣ˷¸豾ҪǾȻ˵һܾĻ
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ӶֻǴ㶵Ŀ˷¸裬ͻĵͷӦ
ŶŶõġ΢һ°ɣȥͨһ¡
˵֮æתˣʵ˵Ҳȷӡ
ȥҵųһȻԸԸӼˡ
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ҪȻĻһӶŵļСӵĶӳԼĶԱʱһҲ᲻ԽӼµСӵĶӳӭսˡ
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Ϊ￴֪ͨǵĸųһҲӼǲǡ
Ȼ벻ǣһԭӼһ˵Ӷŵĸų¸裬һԵһȤ
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ǣ˵ˣӶŵʼ˵ʵͬСɡȻǰĻǰȥʶʶɡ
˵һ͸µӶһͬǰ¸ײ˸档
¸һҲʱıֳԼ𾴡
ֻǲģûбֳ˿ƣֱӷǳòĿڡ
ģҾӶŶƺŶʲôᣬ˵ֻﰵǰˡҲǳصģҪ˶ӵĻҲԲưͿ
ŶһƺȤ㵹˵˵ǾҪô
ʱķ¸һķӦɱŲ̬ȡ
תֹһ˿ЦݣЦһǫ
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Ըųˣôǲʶôˣ֪ӶŵʲǵһӶŵʵȷʵһҪģԻԸųһ棬ҵ
˵֮¸ٴ̧ͷֻվԼ治Զһӡ
һʱҲ۾Ĺâ
ȫûаҪƲ¸Ĵ㣬˵ǾиûС
ƺһЩɣ˼žҪҪԷ
ԷԼսԼȴмһˣȫӦսĻȥԶ۷Ӷŵ̫á
϶ҲһǴӦҲôӦӦҲôӦġ
ðɣӦ񲻿ȥ㡣Ȼ˵ĻҲûбҪƴˡ
۷ӶŵĸųһӶŵĸų¸裬ų֮侹ȻҪһս
ڳһоЩ˷ܡ
ǵһӶţܲ
ռʮֵۺģԹ¸һʩչֽš
ΧһȦΧм䡣
ʵҲΪ˸ڳԴ򶷵ĵطͬʱܹһԿ֡
ǶΪԼҵĸųʹرӶŵЩԱǡ
֪¸һΪǳȻҲѪڣͬʱҲﻳ˶Է¸ĸм
¸һҲ֮ˣԶ˵ֱӲһ
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370 һ֮

һޣ¸˫ޣ˿ǶΪֻö֮Կ
ƾʵĻһȴɲǷ¸Ķ֣һȻֱӱ¸ѹˣɻʤ
ӶŵĶԱǻѡ
һⳡ֮ҲǻصЩˣҲǷ¸Ϊ֮
սȵĻӦ˵Էǵ㵽ֹ
ȻԷȴ˵ĽԼ˸ˣԼһγҲֻǸԷһѵ
֮ǰɱӺҲ鴫ȥ֮ӶŲټ۸ԼӶŵˡ
һڰ֮˵һЩȴҲò϶ԷʵȷʵܹѹԼ
ǽͲܹټƽ޹ʵԭصȺˣǾ͸ϽԼԵԱԸȥ
ȥĻ۷Ӷŵɾͱסˣ̬Ҳøأȥų
ǣӦȥٶȾͰų˹
ʵųҲͱˣҪ֪ӶźӶŵľֵòСԲŻᴫ˶
۷ӶŵųӦ¸Ҳ˶˲١
Ϊ֮ǰ˽۷Ӷŵų飬һʵˡ
ˣһǶ۷壬һܹǵľ硣
ʵҲֻһĶѣҪͶԷĻǾԲǶ֡
Ͼһ󾳽磬˵˼С׼
¸ѵһܹˮĺͺǾƶ˵ܾͲô̫ƽˡ
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벻ҾȻӣȻܹڽռϺųһ棬顣
ΪѾû·ĵزԷ¸ζҪԷһܵġ
¸̬ȻҲûж˵ʲôֻɻòԵĶԷ¸һȭ˵˾ͽ
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һ򶷽еʮ־գڷ¸˵ԼüζҪⳡԵıԵҺпܻܺص˵ġ
ܹóԷһνֻǵ㵽ֹƺǲ붯ֻ˵
ϻ¸裬ôܿôһ¡
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¸貢Ϊвʲô飬ܹͨ͸ؿԷƺаԲŲƴȫ
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侲ķ¸裬ͣսڼŶԷܡ
ųó»ܹκİˡ
Ļ֮һ㶣˹ȥ
ԶҲϵͨ
ʵȫû뵽ԷȻܹһģԷ¸˵ĻȴЩŰɡ
Ҳ֪ԷڶԼû֮ƣ˵ʲôĻС
Լİȷʵ˺ö˶δκãҲý֣Ųǰ¶档
ҲȲѣڽһ֮ϵо
Ǿŷ¸ĻͣսúõĽһ
ΪƲõĻԼΪҲֹڴˣҲûκεͻˡ
΢Ҫжȫ뷨ͻֱӱΪˡ
ȻҪһ㣬һ˿ϣܷŹ
˾˵ͣս˶һͷԡ
ҲûжԴͣ¸ֻ񰲸һԼЩԱֱӸ溫۷Ӷܲ鷿
鷿֮󣬺Ҳ¸蹵ͨǿżɽл˵
鷿ãõĸǽжȻ˵а취ҵǼ٣Ҫ졣ɲҪƭңֻҪˣжֽŵĻҲǲӵġ
Ȼ¸ЦŴӦа취κųΪұһʦֻһöԭܹųһ֮
˷¸Ļϲ޾ȡ
û뵽ԷȻҲһʦ⸴ԭԼŵġ
ǧĶ˰Ѱʮ궼δԭټ
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371  

ֻҺҵųһֱѰɽȴһֱδӵ䣬ϣܹúųæ
Լܹ޸ǰ£ں˵㲻ʲôȫ̴Ӧ
Ϊ÷¸辡ԼƺøԭЦӯӯӦ˷¸
Ȼ۷ӶŲϧķһҲԸҵɽ͵Ϊ⸴ԭĻر֮Ҷ˵ӶŶӽˮˮ
˵¸裬Ȼʮ⡣
ĻԼһõ飬ԼʮҹչԼӶŶӣҲһʮ鷳Ҫʱ¡
ֱܹ۷ӶŵųԼĻôҲܹӿѰҵɽЧʡ
ܹǵŶԼŶӾˮˮ£ôûӶŸӶˡ
ڷ¸˵һƽֱͲһá
ǻ˶غô˵ʮֻһ
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֮󣬺黹⽫¸ǰ۷Ӷĵλ
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ƺһǾЩţȥָ߲ʵλá
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ҩ֮ǰҲʵΪԷ¸˺飬ϣܹԼ顣
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Ҫ֪ҩĿ¸ԼؾжйģԲŲòֱӳźԮ
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縱ųֱ˵ǣҩľǺηʥ
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Ȼ¸һ˼һ£ҡҡͷĻؾһӧ˵ԼؾĿġ
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⻰һ˳Ĭ
ҪҪһµļֻСһͬŷ¸һǰȥʱ򣬷¸ֿڲ
ҸԭЧҪƳɹ֮һڷãܴﵽЧ棬ҽ麫ųҲһȥ
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οֻһͬаˣҲûʲô˵ġ
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һ·ϻᾭ飬οһ˸۷ӶţʮҹҲ̫ܹģǻ·϶Է¸趯֡
Ǿ۷Ӷţס˻ûгˣұʾԼҲҪǰȥ
¸迴˿ʮҹֿ˿˵ļӶŵĶԱΪԷһǴӦ
ҲܹõһʧŵҲܱȲá
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372 ѰұĹ

ԱǼˣǾҪȥѰĹأ
ٳʱ򣬺ƺδ̶þҪȥѰҡ
¸Ƭ̣Լ˼ܣǾ͸Ͻ侲ĶŴҽ
δʵҺҵųĵβ̫˽⡣Ǿ˽⣬ΨһһĹһ㶼֮Ǽ֮ءֻԽĵطԽп
Ϊʮҹ׼ȷ˵Ͳʱաˡ
ͻ֮ǰԶһЩص㶼˽⡣
Ͼ֮½֮ǰģȻܹĵ֪
͸˵¸ǰͲ½ˡ
ʮҹͲ֪ʱ֮ڵ֮ںηűҪ۷Ӷŵųѯʡ
ʮҹͷ¸裬һȻʱյĵͼ滮Ҫ˽һЩ
˵ôĶӶŵųô֪ܲƬ½ĵΣ˵ҪҵǶ˽⡣
֪һЩܹ䣬ԲԼͬ뵽һ𰸡
Ĺȣ
˵ⰵĹȾǰ֮ĵطƾųʪĻ
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ҲĥʣԼпҲбĹ
ȻпҪطһЩġ
ĹеĻУ̽ƺҲʲô£ܹƽء
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Ⱥ˿ȥǵͷ࣬ĳΪѰһЩϡʲ
Ͼô˵ﻹϧҩģᷢĶ
ԶԷһĿľΪʲôҪ̽һ
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˫ҲûֱӿȻһЩţϻǹȥҿʼ̽
ʸⰵĹΪζĿľԲ򵥰ɣ¸ȿڣЦŶԷѯʡ
ԷҲһȺˣҶֵүǡ
ӦͬʱҲԸԷйĽ棬Ǽ򵥵Ľһһ˴Ŀġ
ʵǸ缸һΪһֽȪֲһϡеҩģǺͼλĿĳͻˣҲǾԲġ
տʼգһЩţϾǺпܻΪϡҩĶΪ֡
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ΪԷΪνĻȪΪñĹ
ַţȫԾˮˮȻҲͲ֮ǰĵˡ
һκȷӦȻЦŶŶԷ˵ֵܼôţһ˴ȷʵҲΪѰһλϡҩġֻڸλĿĲͬԿ˵Ǿˮˮ
һȻĵ˵ͷߵҲһáӡ
ֻһӵͷ˼ԼĿĲͻҲԴɵЦ
ʵڷ¸˵ݣǴҲ߰˰˵Ĳ²⡣
ϾǲԶ¸ǵӶŵֵ÷ˮ
۷Ӷž͸˵ˣǵӶжռͷҲ˭ġ
ֻΪ˻ȪԲںԷݣҲ
Է˵ʱȷ˫ûͻͱԼ뷨
Ȼ˵ĻǻǷֿ߰ĹȰɡȻˮˮҲûбҪᣬҾʹҵĵ뿪ˡ
˵ֱ֮ӴԵ˺뿪
ƺǾֻҪⷽϲͻĻԺͲټһҲûཻĴ㡣
¸Ҳд⣬ҲԷйĽ档
ҲöԷΪ˸㣬ҲûϹľᡣ
˵黹ǷǳϣԼܹսģ¸Ҳܹͨһ㡣
ⰵĹп޴أǰѰұĹĻҲпǲͻ
ǵĶԽ죬ǵĺôҲԽ
ҲûйԥǶ뿪߹ȥ֮Ҳ뿪ŰĹȥ
-

373  һ

˰Ĺ֮󣬷¸뷨
ϾⰵĹ˵󲻴˵ССһȺǰǰһЩ׸
һֱҲĻ˷ʱ䡣
ҲûǰţҲûбҪ໥Ӧ
ΪЧʣʡҵĹʱ䡣
һһ£˷ֿж뷨
ĸֱӣŲͬķҵʱ˭ҵ˱ĹͷһöźŵȻҾһͬȥ
һһ˵Լ뷨һзַźŵ
ȷʡʱ䣬Ҳһǳõ⣬Ҳûоܾ
ԹԵķ˶֮ǾɢŲͬķȥˡ
벻һȻǳĺãŰĹȥû߶ԶľͷԶһƬԵ
缸ǰǴԱߵɢ̹ĹʵòǱĹɣ
ĻӵһӶȫǹʵȥ
ңңֹʵǴδ
ޱȵм͸ǹʵȻϡķĵ̹⣬ȥͷ·өķŴ档
Ȼ½ݺʱϡʲҲȫϡ档
ǵȷûмҩģԵһۿЩȡ
һԵӶֵҲܿظĻȷֹӣ֮ǰǰӾġԲΣɢƵ̹⣬ҼڼΪ󸽽Ӧþˣ
õԵ˵ϿɣһҲȷԼ뷨ҲûаԥֱӽеźŵŰշȥ
ɫķĩڰըŷԲ˶ܹԷ¸ҲһٶȸϹġ
ڷźŵ֮һ˴ǰժȹ۲һ£
ǰ߹ȥʱʼ밵ĹȵʱȺǾˮˮͻȻ
ⲻǻȪǵȫѹ򣡡
֣ôҲֱȪȶȥˣ˵ҪĸͲǻȪ𣿡
һһĶԻһϵɫҲϾ
ͨĶԻֲһɵӣܹôһˡ
ȥǣ˫ĿĶΪĹ߿˵ΪȪ
ΪзͬԲᣬĿĽΪһȴΪ˫治ͻ
Խ밵Ĺ֮ҲӦþˮˮġ
ȻڼȻ˫Ѿ˳ͻĻôһҲֵܹס
ŵųǷܹԼʵһϢϢص飬ҲŹĻġ
ߵԣбҪʱάԼһ
˵ȷĹ
Էû˵ףǱһЩֳȻҲûбҪǷˮ
侲һ̧̧֣ʾԼǸСǰסĹ
ϾǸһܳһʱ䣬۷ŵǶӶ˲Լĸųʲô˼
ǾǰȽ̸Χм䣬Ϊûڵһʱժԭ򣬵ȻҲͲԶˡ
֮ǰ¸صؽģֻ֪ժͱķ
ûеţȻܹȶ֡
ԼֵǰѱĹм䣬һҲͷ˲٣̧ͷֱǶٲ˵Ľ
λ֣һЩᡣҪҵıĹȻǶֳ˻Ȫ齲һ󵽣ҲҶ˵ɣ
һĻȺƺ벻λش
ȻΪȪûʲôĿģ˸벻һ㡣
Ȼ˵ûĿģ͹˵ȪѵһϡҩģǾȫֱӽȪá
ǵ˶ԷУҪҵıĹҲûаϵ
ԽȪһҪƴȫõġ
һ֮ǻ˵ͷ˲䲻ˣϵɫҲ˺ü֡
һֻòҲظһǵ뷨
Ҳ˵Ҫָ󵽵İɣǷһͬֻǵľȪԽһЩռȻˡȻصΪȪⰵĹȣȻҲͲܹãԡ
Ļ˵һҲܹôһ¡
ֻ˫ԸòĻҲûиõĽ취ֻš
˭Ҳû˵ǲͣԷʱ򣬷¸ʮҹӶŵļֵͬ
һĳ档
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374 ԭ

¸ʮҹȸһҲӦҲͲɵõ˿
֮ǰߴƣԷĻҲЩԶԸġ
ڷ¸ʮҹѾ˵Ļ߾ռԵˣȫ¶ԷǿĹ
ȻҲͲһΪԼһġ
ȺȴȫûһɣڿаָϹ֮ɫ͸ӵı䣬
ͷǸ˸ȳǿڡ
λǲԸ⽫ȪˣȻ˵ĻΪǱΪȪǾԲưոݵģҲǰɡ
⻰ǡ˵˷¸˵Ŀ棬飬ٿһϵƣǸ˶ܹĹڱصá
ȻѾߵһζܽĹõġ
Է˵вƵĳɷ棬Ƿ¸ȴûаֺ¡
ǻɾþԲܷĹǶԷҪǴҲԷִס
ֻ¸裬ǲͷȥ۲һ±ĹȷʵҪҵĶ֮ҲûڶԴйĹע
ֱӽĿת˻ȻҪעϡ
ڼȻѾȷҪҵĶҪԷˡ
֮ǰȽԷܣܹȷĹİΣԷ¸˵쳣Ҫ
ȻĹԼҪãҪ
˲ȴǶ֮ĽΪˡ
ֻ֪ҪԼƴȫάĹöԷԼѰɽһ䡣
ǾҪɵģҪάñĹͬʱ뽫Էܡ
ܹú˳Ľԭ£ʱҲܵõԼҪĶ
һ֮󣬷¸ɫҲᶨࡣ
ֻ̧ͷʱ۵ѾһƬ
ЦЦҲûԥĴ㣬ֱӶŶԷ´һĿ˿ڡ
Ȼ˵ĻҲǧҪ飬Ȼ˭ù˭ı¡㲻Ļȫҹ֡
⻰ڳ˶ҲƲ˶٣͸ǶרΪ˻Ȫ˵صˡ
һǲ÷¸֪ͨҲ֪ͨ¸ǡ
ǺԥֱǰƺǴԷֱӾ֫彻档
ôǷ¸˵Ķֻ֣һƬΪģȴûаˣȻȻҲӮ¸衣
̶ͬȵˣȻΪС¸˵ʵ⵽˷ɡ
ս֮Ⱥ˼Ǳģڵء
÷ߺ޵Զվţƺ˿ûմȾķ¸ˡ
ȻͨԼȷ϶ԷһȴҪĿϡҩľߣǵȻһЩĵġ
¸׶ԷǾԲʱʲôˣǾͿʼϸĵĹ۲죬׼ժĹ
¸ƺ񶼲ԸٷָȺˣȺȻҲͻ뿪
ĽѾĻȻҲûбҪΪȥˡ
ȻôģȴôҲ׾ٵķŹ¸ǡ
ڻȥ֮һһ£ͽ¸һȺ˵ı˸
Ҿϴ򲻹ԷҲòνĻȪ
Ȼ˵ĻǵòȻҲҪٵöԷҲûлٿȪ
һڱﶯֽţϣԷΪΪ֮ء
ǾԷõ˻ȪϢɢȥĻζܹǲܴӰ졣
Ⱥ̴žž죬ҲĽ鸶ʵ
ǻͷ뿪·ֳ֮󲻾ãҲԼŵǶŶӴԶ˹
¸Ҳûаֱӵ˵Ա̸вժ֮
¸ΪѸپֱڵƺ˸ԭҲ֮ǰ˵˵顣
ź˴Ϊڸԭɹһ֮ڽ֮ãܹﵽЧ
ҪҲȫûбҪ˴˵ء
ںЩĿ֮У¸轫ƺ˵ĸԭݵ
ǳŵù¸裬û˿ԥӹ˸Ա֮󣬾ֱͷ˽ȥ
͸оȫƺůͨ
Ⲣûиȣȵĸо÷ůʮ
ָоͺȫµľͨһ
Ȼֹһӣԭش£ԼȻѾʧӰˣҲܹԶԷؽ
-

375 ֮

ллȫû뵽ƵľȻ٣Ѿܵõľɶˣ
ϲĶŷ¸лһһĻҲԼųеˡ
ҲԲĻһ˸߲ҵػǣ֮úõףһ
¸ҲڵһʱصӶţֵǽӷϴúء
ȻΪµӶе㣬Ҿô󲿷ֵ鶼Ļʱ
ȴһδƽһ
֮ǰǻҥԣǡڼ֮ڵ˶塣
Է¸ʮҹӶŶʱֱ˷˼⡣
ԷƺǳˣҪ
һǼ֪һͺݣȴûΪ۷Ӷţ
ֻҥӶţԲŻֱһӳΪʸ֮ġ
ȪǿϡҩģеĻΪβһ
˵ĶԣԲܱǣһСӶˣôܹϡҩģǲֱӶۼЩˣȻһͬȥˣ
о֮ĿŵţҲв˽°Ĳ߻Ӷš
鼸ٶȴǵĴСƺַӶţǽȪ
֪ȪѾƳ˵ҩˡ
¸ʮҹҪ֮ҲһǺص̬ȵġ
ʵҲΪǶĴŲģʶ֮ڶûôһ¡
Ȼ۷Ӷŵ˵֮ȴĽ
Ǽ֮ǶùܣҲǺ޹ϵˡ
鴫ǾþǲνĶҲҪվԷһ¡
Ҳ۷Ӷܹһ·λãһֱߵڵԭ
ΪǵʵǿͬҲΪ壬ʮֽԭ
£ûӶŵǾʹӶŵ棬ǽΧҿȥʮʮά
һպֱӳĹ㳡
ﵽһЩۼоʿ
ԼҲвٸʿۼΪ۵Ĳɿ
һվҪһ飬Ҹ¸ʮҹӶʮʮ֧֡
ҲҪоСЩӶһǳӶšҾǻȪҲΪ˸ǰæԲŻصŪֵģҲѾ۷ӶáԴҾԲҪΪйľΪѣȻ۷ӶΪУ
˻һ㳡ϾۼŵȺʱѻȸ
˶עߣͬҲ˺ɫ
Ȼ˵Ļ˵ģƾ۷ӶųӣҲԲΪִˡ
Բ֮ɢ
¸Ҳ֪飬ʮҹһж۵ףͬʱҲԺΪ˼ֵ͡
֮󲻾ãͷµϢ
һεϢԻ÷¸ʮҹǳģΪɽ䡣
һֱӵŰݷãһ۷ӶŵӶ˴˴
ǡܲķ¸ʮҹ
һ˹׶ԷΪζ
һҲûΪᣬֱ˵һŰݷõĿġ
һǰΪųûʱ;Ե֪ͨԲġҪǣɽˣ
һ⻰¸ʮҹǻһû뵽ϲľȻ֮졣
һøԭ˺飬ûй˶֮󣬾ϢҲΪ֮еϲ
Ͼ֮󣬻Ǿпܻص֮ˡ
ȷӦķ¸ֱӱȭһ˵ԸţָԽ򣡡
һ⸱ӣһ;÷¸ּˡ
æ˰ֹ֣ס˷¸ΪҲԥؽ˽⵽ǰ
ԭɽڼ֮۳ֹ֮Щ춯Ժпܻٴγ֡
һǰǣҪȥ֮
ȻҲ˵ǰĪˣ֪ͨĻҪ֪ͨλ
ڷ¸ǾνſѰĻǾܹǲҪǰı֡
ҲǰԷ֪顣
һųܹó۷ӶŶǵӣҪȫԽǴ򷢴򷢾ˡ
-

376 

ʮҹͷ¸Ҳûм۷ӶŵĴ㣬ǾǰҶԴһ̽
һǾԷҲûʲô̫ڴĹϵ
˵ԷܹΪǴ̽һ鱨ѾǷǳӵˡ
ô˼Ϊǣ
ͬҲΪǾѰɽ飬ȥܹӵķһЩͺһĪʽС
Ͼ֮鶼пһκһǶԸŹ
ѰɽϣǻҪΪ
򵥵ʰһ£ֽӶŽ˻ĸˡ
һ˾ʽ·
Ѿǰ˼֮۵λá
˵ʮҹɲһԯ֮ǰˣڻصѧԺ·;УһȺ·ĴϹת
ʮҹķȺС˵õġ
Ĵ·¸Ҳõǻڰ·ֱҲҪߵķ
˳˼֮ۡ
˼֮֮Ǿͷƺô򵥣ҿȥм˿Ͼ
һë֮أ
¸һ˵ţһüɨ
һۣ֮˵;ʮֺΰ͸¶żֻ档
ľ͸ë֮ûκεҪ˵ǻĮҲȫΪ
ʮҹҲǰ龰пɫ򶨵Ľ
ȷһë֮أ˴˵֮ǰҲ΢һЩΡȴû뵽˽⵽ҶΪء
ʹǻĮߵȴҲ٣֪ǶΪɽΪ˴ʲôĺô
ǡһԴ˷ǳţڴ˴񣬾ǽ顣
Ҳ˺һʱˣΪס⸽Լʶ˼ͬĳһѰߡÿ춼˻Ҫȥһ㣬ųĶ֮١
ŵĻ¸ʮҹҲȤҶԵſ˹ȥƺڵȴŵġ
ż⸱ģ֪ԼĻǵȤ
ҲûӣǼǽ͡
һܺ棬ΪʲôϾҴ˵Ҳǳˣȴÿ춼֮͵ΪΪֹرɽ
Ȼתת˻˵ĻһĿġ
ǸȺ֮͵һģĿĶΪɽ
ŵĻҲܹӼᶨȷԼе뷨ˡ
һû۷ӶŸϢҲʮֿɿģҪȻҲ顣
ǰֶ֮ǰĴ˵жţ֮¸ʮҹһۣѾܹȷϱ˴˵뷨
ǻų֮٣˵ܹǲһ˿ηĻǾȫƲʲôˡ
Ǽ򵥵Եϵĵл˾ֱ뿪ƬأŸȥ
ǰߵĻ˼ۣ֮ʱǾԲܵġ
߳ƬĮһľ֮󣬾Ȼһ졣
Ǽʶļۣ֮ĻĮһ
淴һ׵ϿȣȥֻܿںһƬ
ȵƺȫ֪һ
žν֮ڲװɡ
¸΢̾һ£žͺʮҹԵһͬȥ
ǽȥĵط൱Ǽ֮۵һСһֽ֮
ĴھʮֵƾƽʱĽ磬ؾŴƶȡ
ڽ֮󣬺ȻͬһСʱһ
֮ǰĳһֻͬȴǵȴȫô򵥵Ķ˵ǵķ羰仯
ֱӳ˼ΪΣգ׾پܹڴ˴ĳ
סڱǣֱƺ
ʮҹʶռ䴫¸贫ܡ
¸Ļ֮Ҳڵһʱ䷴Ӧ˹ǳϵʮҹԼĿڱʵʵ
ŲʮҹԽͣѾΪʲôʮҹΧĳα任ġ
ԭΧǶΣڽ˴ĵһʱ֮ڣûзӦΧĳôġ
ҲΪĹʵ̫ڻ谵ȫһ⡣
ķө𣬿ө֮ȴҲ쳣΢
ϸһǸһЩᷢĹâʯͷ˿ⳡһЩ졣
-

377 

¸ʮҹ۲컷ʱ򣬸һͬУһǡ߲Զ
ƺûзӦôһ£סڱǵĴʩû
Ŀռ֮ڴҡڵĺЩĻ¶Ϊġ
Ϊʮҹͷ¸趼רĹ۲ܵĻƺ뿴кβͬҪ򵥵˽һ¡
ŷнȥȻһǵ˼·
ԲԶеһ
ȡҸоȫ¶ڷ̣ڵⶼ
ֻǺȣ˵Ŀⶼ˹ȥ
ȻոսĿⶨϣ˾ƺûټ˵ǡ顱һ˵ϡ
һ߳鴤һɫŤڵҹȥĥҲ˿˲
Ϊʱ˿ϵɫ̫ڿֲ͹죬۾ɵôľͺһ
Ȼȫµ𣬲ҲѷǳֵĽǶŤţͺܹڳĶ
˵ʱһ룬𽥱һɢ˼֮
׵׵ʧǰͺûдڹҲղŵһûзһ
˷¸ʮҹ⣬ҲӦôһ¡
ǵһӦѸס˿ڱǣ˭û˵
ΪǶ֪ʱĻһܱɸղӵľˡ
ҲǶ˵ͬ飬˵Ƽˮꡣ
Ϊȥ֮ǰ¸ʮҹûгע
ھ˵ʲôҲû̫塣
ҪΪ˶廳һĻĸ֮ʡ
Է¸ʮҹмֲΪ˼
ֻҲǳ֣ȥͬΪ˲ΪҲ֪˵Ǹ˭һġ
֮ܶǾһʻʧǰȴ޷Ӧ
˼ԼҶûκηӦĻ¸ʮҹ͸Ӳˡ
Ǿǰ
տʼʱҪסڱǣ֮ͿߣֻҪСһЩͿˡ
ֶָ˿жסڱǵӣȫĶΡ
ֻǽʱҪʶܣҲδزһ¡
˽ʱ򲻻ᱻһ˽˿ռ䡣
ں˲ʱ˽½˽Է뷨ܹõһЩ顣
¸ʮҹո⼫֮˵Ŀġ
Ҳֻµڴ˴̽ѰһԵЩС
̽Ĺȴȫû뵽Ѿ˰жǡ
˾ֻеһ֧ͷˣֽ飬ǴڳڵΪ
ĵԭΪǳ档
ΪǶܹƾ˵˳µĽ˼ۣ֮
Ҫ֪ҪԲһ򵥵飬ûʲô£ҲѰɽ䡣
ǽƾ˾ͿˣȻöЩ档
Ҳûж˵ʲôֻʶжĶԱ˵Լ뷨ʾҪһ·Ǿкεȴ
ϾͷˣԱҲûʲôҪ˵ģһֱʼո۲˵ľٶ淢˲ͬѰĵط
벻Ǹ΢곤һЩˣȻǸɽڵĴܣ
ʶͬǸ̾ΪʮҹȻǶɽڵˡ
ͬʱҲ뷨ˣܹ뷽跨׽ֱקһߣֻûбס
ȻʱҵɽҪƽһĻ϶顣
Ȼʱпܻ飬ûиĵ£ܹһѣҲǶǽ·ܹһ̵档
Ƕ뵽֮󣬶˵ֱӴһͬ˷¸ʮҹߡ
Ȼϲܹ˵ȴʶ
ټʱҲûбӡǿ˶֮󣬷¸ʮҹͲĻعͷȥ
濴һˣȻһЩɻĵط
ϾͶԷҲʲôʶԷֱӳ߹ĿģҲûô򵥡
ȻߵǸǰ֮󣬾ֱӿżɽضǴܡ
óλϵĴڣһصǰҲϣܹѰϾǶﵥжĻҲǷǳķ㣬ǡ˶ҲиӦ
˵֮󣬻ΪΪƵĶʮҹͷ¸ЦЦ
¸ʮҹƺЩ̽Է뷨
˵Ҳʲô£˵ĵһӦҲǼžܾ
-

378 ʱ

ôʮҹƲɫȴڵһʱ֮ʶ¸轻
ȻûʲôҾøҶ˺Ҳʲôĺ¡֪Էװʲô˼Է֮Ĳޡ¸軹侲ķ
˼Ҫܾ𣿡ʮҹѯʣƺһûʲô̫Ĺϵ
Ҳǣ¸˼һ£ֻ˵ûô򵥣ԷĻҺֻ΢עһЩͺá
ʵʮҹҲģֻҪ̽һ·¸Ŀ
ô˵ˣҲûټԥȥǻش˶ԷĻ
Ҳʱ
һʱʮ˷ܡ
Ҳ֪Է̬ȣƺǶ黹һЩɣǾͿʼҪöԷӵķһЩ
ʵҲûʲô˼ҪѰҵɽ֮ǰиӦǲĵĻǿԷѰҵɽ֮ƾ£֮ǰиӦˡ
á¸ʮҹ˵ͷ
˾ֿʼ·һ·Ĵ̽
黹Ϊ˷ܣԲͣظ¸ʮҹСӵ
ʮס͵Ƕ߽ףǴɷġûԼʵȻóǸɽڵĴܡôλСֵأ
ʵҲֻҪ򵥵˽һ¶ԷĴʵѣûκζģҲֻҪ΢̽һ¡
ϾҪ֪֪ôҲǲ˺ˡ
ʼվãܹʮҹɽڵĴһжˣӦҲǡ
Ȼ¸ĻشȴЩ۾
ˣСֻж׶ѡ
΢Щȵŷ¸迴˹ȥӭЦݡ
⻰֮󣬵ȻҲŷͶȥĿ⡣
Ȼû뵽ɽһнͬ飬Ȼֻж׶ѡ
Ҫ֪ǵĶ͵ģôҲǶ߽ס
ȴֻжףⲻɵõôҾ÷¸ŶΪ׵ˡ
¸Ҳȷʵû˵ѣȴԼ˫޵ʵ
ĻöԷԼûôߣܹʵһ
˵ĻܻһЩ졣
¸ֲƼˮκ¶ˣҲͲҪ¶顣
ǲ¶Ҳûʲô˵ģţ¸Ҳû˵뷨
ʮҹҲһĬ¸顣
ǶԷҪҪЩ˵Լɡ
ʮҹеģ˵㶼˵
۶ԷΣʵ𾴡
Ҳûж˵ʲôʶһƬֻʣܷģɻض죬֮
Ҳ˶еΣǼ·
һ֮һˡ
ֻ˿ȥȴûôˡ
Ϊû÷ʩĹϵµǸϵʱȺ˾Ȼԭس鴤ѣȥ͸ʼʱ˵Ǹ˵ࡣ
һ֪ҲĶΣҪż֮нȥȻǲˣǳҲȫȲǡ
Զ黹Ǳʾһ£ڳ˰ĪɫҪŴ뿪
Ȼ߳ȥ󣬾ץס½ǡ
͵һͷȴ־ǸղԵĵǸ鴤ѵˡ
ץסԼ½ǣҲͣźϣȥҪԼѰ
ȻҲǶ鲻ҪæֶλͲ֪νҪȻĻҲԼ˳µʱҲֱӳְæˡ
ڸʶдؿҲûʲôôԶҲֻǶƢǸЦЦ
ҪѣҴԼ뿪
ȻΪȴǸˣЦݿ˳ЦȵԼȴҪԼﲻܡ
һŭﺰ˳Щڵͬ˶εˣʱͬȵضһģͨͨվ
ȻĶȫ˽˹
ôһ£˶ε˲ӦڵϲΪڲûлǽһȻԤ׵Ŀʼˣ
Ķһѯ
ȻҲ֪ô£ҪרĶԸǰģҲѡĬһ
ˣϢ֮ûϣԲûħϣûȫ
ֻǴСС˿ڣһЩ΢Ӱˡ
Ϣһɣúһټǰ֪ʲô¡
-

379 ر֮

ʵҲʱ˲ŷ֣˸ղ£ԭΪΪǱӦǷ¸Ŷԡ
ȴ·ƬȾҲȷûܵʲôˡ
Ҫ֪Ķ۷嶼˴СС˺пȥ׵ķ¸裬ȴʲô鶼ûС
ֵǷ˼ˡ
˼򵥵֮һּ·
ʼʱǷֵЩԴʼǰе·ǲ֪ΪΣȴܸоƺ
ҽµĹâһЩ죬֮ǰЩɢ̹ʯͷȻţ֮ǰĻΪˡ
΢עһЩЩʯͷЩ졣
Ƿ¸贫ظʮҹҸ˽ġ
Ϊʮҹ˵Ϊ˵˵ĻпƺҲûʲôʮҹΪ
ʵʮҹҲܹóЩʯͷƺڷ仯ֻˡ
Ȼ¸ⶣֻܸ˼򵥵Ľһ¡
ƺ޹ϵҲһ
ʮҹ˵Ȼû˿ԥİõĻͿʼע˽űߵЩŵâʯͷ
Ȼһ·֮󣬲ʯͷ˱ը
ҿзȻһеôһ£ȴǾľĶ˹ȥ
ֻЩʯͷըûʲôɣеıըеȴԭ޶
е˶˹ȥеȴûȥñը˸ţνʤ
վ֮£¸ʮҹܹԼĺܺã߱ȽϽļˡ
Ǵķʯͷûбը֮ǰһ򵥵Ľ磬ʱ赲һ¡
ֱڶЩҪըʯͷ൱ըը֮ǰȽըٵͬĵ
Ⲩоյ¼֮󣬶˶˴СС˺Լ
Ȼ¸ʮҹȴûһǰ˺ۣȥ˾ƬȾ
˵̬ҲԵĸı䡣
Ϊʼʱ֪¸ʵǵ׵ģҲвżƲ˼
Ȼھ˴СС飬˵࣬˵ٵĻҲҪǶ˻Ϊĵġ
ڴҶˣȴԼķǳãʱʣľտǵ˵ЩԷ¸Ŀ࿴ˡ
Ҷʮҹûʲô뷨ΪʼʱҾͶʮҲʵҲеٮٮߡ
ʼձǲ־ǵ׵ķ¸裬ȴܹͻΧıһ
˸еЩͬʱҲؿʼ¸
Ƕ鿪ʼԼľҲǽ˴˶С
ĶԱǶȫûƲ¸˼ͼֱͬʮҹһˡ
ÿ˵뷨ڷǱĬǷǳͻȻĸı䡣
ˣгȴҪȥǾԲܴԼȺͬΣյ½Ϣġ
οȻˣλȴûˣֱͣϢĻᵢ˼ҵĽȡ
ʱҲһЩ˼ڼ򵥵ĵ֮󿴵ҵתҲûԥǴŴҼ·
֮һ·ȻҲǷǳƽġ
·;ֹ±ЩϰΪȻ
ϾѰɽ·̸Ͳô򵥣ɵľܹõĻҲʲôö
ЩӦܹԼͷǰ¶ɵġ
һг̿νǶҵϵˣֲϵ˵Ĺˣ̫ˣ
Һõǻ첻ˣûзϣʼ⼫֮ǰεѰµĵβҿµλá
ĥѵ֮£Ȼһر֮ء
ΪҪ˵˵ǲر֮أΪˡ
Ͼ˼֮֮Ҳ˽ĵΣ˶Դ˾ǵһμ
ԸͲ˽⣬ҲͲ֪һЩСĳʲô֣
ȴҲԭģΪֵͬı˼һȷǲ˱
ڷ¸һȺ˵֮󣬳ϵĵһۣܹȷ뷨
ΪǴĲر֮أ
ҵ죬ôʯҪȫܹȥĻֱҪ˰ɣĶԿŵ˵
û־ôܱЩϣһĿĿɲڴˣ
һһ£һ˵ţȻĿȴҲûǰĳƿ
-

380 Ͼʯ

Ϊʵ̫һЩǷǳǮˣҲûмǰΡ
Ϊǰʯǰͬʱÿ˵ӶӳĽɼ﾿жôݳޡ
ʯǿ߻кööϾʯ
Ĵ̽ڷ˺ö֮һʱ˷
һ⻹˵ãǸæǱߴ˹ȥȻ˳ɶѳɶѵϾʯ׷׼˵
еˣȻǾñûо龰ЩͬʱҲҪŪôһ¡
ҪЩϾʯõ֣ܹõֱ֣İ˱ӵĸһ
¸ûϾʯģԿǵķӦĶԻ֮󣬸Ͳôһ¡
һȺ˸һߵӣܹŪôһˡ
ϾʯһǳϡеĶҪôҲرֵǮ
֮ܶһǻģҪȻȺô¶ı飿
ʮҹһһԹ۲״һ߷ֵ˷¸ɻ֮
ǲ񣬾֪ںʲô飬Ҳµ룬ȻȻľ͸
ϾʯôʶͬС죬ǿ׵ġֻȴûɵΪϾʯ̺ʶҪ࣬
¸˽⵽˹Ͼʯ֮󣬾Ͳص˵ͷ
ԭӣѹȺ˶һߵӣֱҪȥһ
ϾʯĶһŵ˽⣬ʮҹҲûĵǿʼϾʯ顣
ղ˵ЩҲˣϾʯҲе򵥣Ҫĳ̶ȻҪߣ˵ЩϾʯ޼֮ҲΪ
˵ţǰѾʼѹ
󲿷˶ʶģֱϾʯȥ
ҲһЩչʯҲʯŹļơ
¸ʮҹȻҲûţȻĺ£ȻҲǲռײռġ
οֲǷԷģѹΣǷ¸ʮҹȻҲܡ
ܿ죬ÿ˶ض顣
ȻǽһʱͻȻһ󷨡
󷨲κιԣͺһͨĽһ
ȻȴףԲһͨĽô򵥡
ƾճһ󷨣ǽȥˣҲ֪ʲô
ܾûô򵥣óȻǰĻʲôΣҲ˵
Щ˿ʼ¸ʮҹʼվһһԲѾĵ뷨
˵ӦۣҲûʲô̫Ĺϵ
ԵľȺ˶ԵһЩƺǲ֪ӦӦüǰˡ
Ͼ֪֮ڵ׻ᷢʲô飬ھóȻǰҲǻֱײǹϸðҲûʲô
һȴǵǸΪµ飬ôֱ͸ȥˡ
֮ǰЩ˴СС˺ĶǿʼԵһЩԥʼһԲһʮֽƵ״̬
ˣеѾĵľ
ҲΪ˵еĶԼԽðյĻҲټμȥˣ
˵⻰֮ܵ˺Ϊصһ˵⻰ʵҲԭġ
һЩܵ˺΢ƫص˶ҪԼðգֱߵҲˡ
ȻûҵɽҲûдﵽʼĿġѾõôϾʯ˵ǰ;ϵĻҲˣԽðҲټˡ
еһ˵Ļ˵ȴҲ˼
ʵ˵Ҳԣû˿ĵġ
ĻȥпҪɥΣգֱͣڴˡ
õôϾʯȥúüǮҲǺһˣȻҲͱú
˵ȻǱܹҵģΣ¸ǶԶԶġ
ԸҲǿԼȥȻҲ˼ζ
ȻҲôģȻȺ˵ͷˣ˵ʵڵҲûһȫְӳá
ԾҪ뿪ǰȥҲ޿ɺǵ顣
Щ鶼ܹ⣬ҲҪǿѣȻҲͲٶںǳֵıԸ֧˵Ը
Ƕҵһ·Ҳͦ׵ġڽôѡǴԼ飬ԼͺˡҲǿ˭ҲΪ˭
ܿվö¸ʮҹǾҪȥģҲѡ˽롣
⻹ˣǶ֮һ̽Ƿܹɽһ
-

381 ʧ

һͬ͸󷨽˽֮磬˵ʵڵģﶼЩ˷ڴ
ǶΪɽҪȻҲز
¸ʮҹʲôҲ˵ȻҲвΥڱصõɡ
ȻǸո̤󷨽磬¸Լռ֮ھ˺
ʧˡ
ʲô¸һϽͺҲٹŹ۲ܵΡ
֮ǰڰ󸽽ɢһЩϢֻҪڼ̳ܹ֪õȻڸոգͬ˼һ㣬ʧӰˡ
ͺȥҸ֪˷¸ԼΪλն
Ȼ¸ȴüδؾĲѡ
ǾԲܺԤ׵ֱʧģһǷʲô飬˵Ǵʲô
Ҳ÷¸һЩɣܾǰǣ¶һӴΣ֮С
Ҳֻڷ¸赥ĵжѣҲκܹһ֤ݡ
һ˿˲׽ĵ
ɶ񣬱ˣˣ
Էŭ¸˼˻
æ̧ͷǰĶǿȥѯŷʲô
Ŀʲôɽ֮ɭôǶ֪ٴˣɭֵһ磬Ҳϵó
˵¸ҲЩȣܴ
ҪһһֻҪϸ۲һµĻͲѷ֣֮ɭ
Ƿڲر֮زԶҵǳ󷨽磬ڼ֮ڣôܴ͵֮ɭ
Ѳ⼫֮ɽ֮ɭô
͵¸һԲ˼ʱ򣬶ֱĻش
ûʲôɽû֮֮ǰˣУͱǷˣǱˣˣԻǲŵġ
ԣ¸һԲ
ʮҹüͷĬţҲ졣
Ե쳣ߣȻǶΣ龰֮Żñƭˡ
оԼ˼裬ܵ˴СС˺ȴǰһĶƺܲĴ
Ҳ飬˿Լֵİ֮ǻ˹
侲һЩ֮󣬶ֱǰ뼸˵Ҳٹ˵
ʵڱǸһ־Ҳٲȥˣֻ뿪֡СֵܣԵټ
˵֮ƺﲻֵаͷҲصߵˡ
˷¸衢ʮҹͶ⣬ڳĻˡ
ǼѾ뿪Ҳûԥ򵥵ĵͷ֮Ŷһͬ뿪ˡ
ǿȥҲͬЩ߷ߣȻҲǾԼƭˡ
½뿪¸ʮҹҲ֪Ҫ˵Щʲôá
Ȼȴ϶ûô򵥣Իֵһ̽ġ
¸򵥵İѰʧ˵ʮҹһ£ѯԸ
Ҿ黹εģô۹ǷҪѰȥ
ʮҹǳ˼Ƭ̣Щ޿κΣֺܵ˵㲻Ҳû취͸˵֪ǱʲôˣԻǼҰɡҵɽ֮Ҳͺ˵ˡ
¸Ҳ˼Ȼͬ⣬ҪĲ֮ɭˡ
Ƕǳ֮ɭȻͺһһ˼֮ۡ
Ϊ֮ǰۣ˵ûˣҲûʲô̫ʧǻǾڽ뼫֮֮ǰúõϢһ¡
ˣΪ˺úõһµ״
ʵ˵뿪֮ǰĻôǾĲ֪ӦǺ˲Ŷԡ
ΪͻȻ֮ʧ٣κϢҲܹŪȥ
õɽĻҲһܹɵó
ϾɽʲôģѾĽһŵж
ɽΪ˾ȳ󣬶ʧپʹѾ뿪˼̳Ѿڼ̳ˡ
ҲžõɽҪǰȥҲûκε塣
Ȼ¸ִڴҲԭģһҪʼա
һеѾˣѰɽȴֱܹӵͣ
֮ǰͶ˴𰸡
ʱܹŪΪʲôͻȻʧ٣ͨﵽص֮Ŀġ
ܹõɽĻǾǰһġ
Ⲣ˷ʱ䣬ڼӴǻص֮İա
ʵЩ÷¸ʮҹʮҹҲǸˣܹõ˽е뷨
-

382 ħս

Ϣ֮˾ٴν˼֮
һǰеľ飬˴ӵһСЩˮ
Ҳʺ϶һͬжһ·ϻľҲʮֵá
˵֮ǰ̽Ѱʱͺˡ
û˶ҲʲôӰ죬ӵһЩͻҲȽϸɴࡣ
ԾǲϵԼҪСģֺܹĲһ·˳˲ر֮ظ
ѾѹεĲˣҲֻǰﵱһڱǵλһ
Ϊ֮ǰ⸽ҵսģٴ˼֮֮ڣҪҵ½һ󷨣һ֮ͺ֮ǰٲͬˡ
ΪҲǲӦþֱӵĽǴ͵֮ɭ˵֮ɭɽûλòŶԡ
ҲǷ¸ʮҹûзϣԭ
Ǿ֮ǰ»ǳһĲزŻᷢչǸز
Ըٴ³һµĻĻͬ
ôģҲôġ
ٶ󷨽֮ǰ¸һ۾ܹó֮ǰѾ˷ǳԵı仯
ǸϽʶʮҹ
ǶĶˣһ仯һͺ֮ǰĲһˡȻ֪ʲôԭ֮ǰǴ͵֮ɭȻһο¾ͻͬҽǴ͵ɽڵλ˰ɡ
ʮҹҲΪͬĵ˵ͷҲóб仯ġ
ôҲ˵ǰ֮ٴ̤Ƭ֮󣬾;Բᴫ͵֮ɭˡ
ԽҪʲôδ֪
ߵһ۽ԵǷΣգȴѾֹܾǰˣӦ¸ҵļȥ
ҪȻĻͻԶȥûиһҪص֮ķ¸ʮҹ뿴ġ
һζĹ۲Ҳûκε塣
Խֻ֮ǰͣƬ֮ʮҹʶͷ¸˵˽Ĵ㡣
ô۲ҲûõģȽ֮ڣᴫ͵ʲôطʱһ̽ɡ
¸ͷӦͺʮҹĬĻ́ͬ˲ӣŽ˹ȥ
һֻ̤˽ȥ͸ܵһЩ
һƬذ˶˽磬һոµء
ȴǾһ˿˿Ϥȴ͸¶ʮʮʵ
⡢ﲻǡ
ûһҵĳ֮У͸տʼʱǶһһ̤ͬ빬Ľһ
ǰ龰ƺֵζΪҵĳһЩ΢ϤУԲѷħսʱĳ
Ҳ֮ǰڸعԵʱ򣬱͵ĵصڵĻ롣
ûˣħս벻һλǴ͵֮ɭһξȻֱӰǴ͵ħսĵص㣡ˣħսƺݣҲŤתʱգ
ʮҹĳѪڡ
ټϲ֮ǰڼ֮֮ڶܶһʶ֮ʮҹǰĳͷ·𻰺ܶһĸ¸
˵Լĵ뷨ϵɫ쳣˷ܡ
Ȼʱ˿̵Ѿ¶ĵ뷨
¸ΪҲǾһЩȵġ
ζû뵽һ̤˽֮ڣȻὫǴ͵ħսڷʱĳ
ʼϹؾ֮У̤ϢǳŨصĹ֮һУƺħսġ
һο˵ֹᴩ˸ͷβȻѰɽĹнǴ͵
δȷʵûƭˣ֮ԴΪħս֮ʳֹɽŻӵİɡ
ܿǾûټˣΪڵĳȻȥôĲʵʣֺǵһһЩȴǳǹʵ
ȥĻЩ˺ǵϣҶӰ졣
ɾԲǿЦģǾҪɫС
¸裬СģһħȺˣ
ħսȻħ˫š
Щħ޾ħĴǺűʵ
ͬĽǶҪǿϺü
ܹԸ˵ޣȼۻħϾͲһܹԸˡ
Щεģʮҹע⵽ıֱǳǶħ޲ʮ׵Ϊ
ڲ˵ʮӴ󣬴ԶֱǺѹѹһƬ
һĻһ򵭶ǶЩɵۣ֪ηӦ
-

383 ԯ䡱

ƾ˵ΪԣǼֱƲϡ
Ȼ֮½ܹΪеĴܣҽǲ֮
ȻڣȺʮħ޵֮£ֱֻͬһ㲻һ
׻ЩʵģǶ˶ܹõʱٵķӦôһ£ҲһЩӦʩ
ֻҪٶȶħȺĹ
ΪĵǰҲĲֱǰͣģǻ̤ȥ
ʱ˵ģǶ˿϶ᱻ̤࣬ϵһݺݵ顣
ȻǷӦٿҲûκôΪ¹۲һ£ȻǸûеطǶܵġ
ټӲͦȥĻһǺпܾͻɥڴˡ
ħȺԽԽۿҪ̤ƽʱ
ǧһ֮ʣһ˴һԺɳ
Ʒ罫ʮҹԶһĵطǡܹħ޵ļ̤
һѽ¸§ڻٶȽΣȦŵ˸ղűǵֿ˵ʮҹߡ
һжֻڵʯ֮䣬Ȼ¸豻˱ڻһ̣ȴ˶Էĳࡣ
һͬһӣȴ͸¶һϢ˿˾;÷ǳ
ȴִżֱζͺ˲ҪԶ֮
صҲֻһܹɢĳҲԯ䡣
ԯ֮ʣһŵͷ·ܹԯԴһˡ
ûøԯһģһ
տʼʱ򣬷¸軹Ϊǵ˾ԯ䡣
ΪΣͷһ͡
ڻʱůĴƺһģһ
ͱʮҹߣҲǸůĻ
ʱлϸϸĴһǰǵˡ
ѷ֣˸Ͳԯ䡣
Ȳ˵ԯǾԲģƾŷ¸ԯĹϵҲֵܹĶ϶˲ԯ䱾ˡ
뷨׻᲻֮ǰڽмģѾɢ˵ԯǰ
Ȼ뷨ʶģֱɿط񶨵ˡ
ʮҹҲǼԯģ֮ǰһ·нá
Ȼ˺֣¸̶֮ܳȺ͸ԯ̶֮ܳȫͬ
ԼֻǴƬ̣û̫ĸоҲûж˵ЩʲôĶ
лȡ
ʮҹһ򵥵ĵлȴ·˸ӵˡ
һ㵹Ǹԯײˡ
һ룬Ƿ¸ʮҹľˣһƺҲŲԶ̬ȡ
¸죬ǧҲֻǻһлĻ
л
ʵղҪʶĺԯ֡
ȻѾܹĸ֪õǰ˲ԯ䣬ֻǸԯƶȴﵽ˾ųɣ˾ЩԱϰˡ
ʵʻԲһĵطģƺԯ䣬ҪӵͨζһЩ
˵Ҳûô䵭ȴҲɾǧ֮⡣
ȻǷ¸ڼ༫Ƶ˵ʱжݵ񣬾ڿ¸ʱ̬Ҳͬ
ڿʮҹʱ޶ԵģҲʼޱ顣
ȻʽĿתƵ˷¸ϵʱܹóüͷ΢šһ¡
ڷ¸˵Ҳܹƾôϸ΢һٶԷʲô顣
͸˵ڻû˼۲ˡ
һ仰û˵ڷ¸Ӽһֱ׵׵֮󣬶ûҲ𲻳Ǻݡ
һоͺһһԯ伫ΪƵ˵ľٶҲ˾÷ǳĥ
һ˼ĻҲӦΪǽ¸ʮҹֱӴ͵ս֮⡣
Ҳ޿ɺǵ飬Ͼô˵ͲóϹŶս֮ϣֻ޹ıе˰ˡ
ղſ¾ǳһ㣬ԯ伫ΪƵ˲ŻὫǾ˳ֽ֮Ǵͳս
ǱǵİȫҲӦҷϳ顣
ֻ¸ȴʼմ״̬ûκεı飬۵ֵȴ¶ġ
Ҳ˵ԼΪʲôôݵʱ֮ڣΪӡ
տʼʱƽģ̬ԯоųƶȵ֮󣬾Ѿòһˡ
Ա˳֮ΪӦҲ˵
-

384 ԭ

Ҳ̫˲ˣǾȻƾմ͵ս֮⣡
ͳʮҹһ߿Լȫ£һ߿Զĳһŵ
ȻЩ޷ͣȴ岻ѵ顣
οΪҼ˽ϹʱħսĻᡣ
¸裬ħսһ¸費һ֮顣
һļ壬ʵﵽһ̶֮󣬶ȥ顣
Ҳ˵ģĳÿһжǲɶòʮս
Ҫ֪ħսȻһ嵽ʶǳ˾صһս
Ȼʷһ˷Ƿ壬ҲʮҹΪζԴԭ
ٷӦô֮͹˲÷¸辿ھЩʲôҪٴγظղǱͳǸս
ѷ¸һҲ̴Ӹղŵ뷨лعٶֹʮҹ
ΣղΪǵİȫò׽Ҵ˳Ϊ㻹Ҫس壿
ֻʮҹȴһ˷ܣһ߿ս룬һлдʡ
㲻ܹҽдսһĻȻܳһֻҪܹɱ죬Ҳֵˣ
˵֮ͬħһ㣬Ҫ塣
ҲΪܵʲôħʣǴеϲУԲŻķӦ
¸һΪסΪƺҲ̫ԣЩ̫
ȴֳʵòסʮҹԶ˿ȥЩ
ʮҹϾҪȥʱǧһ֮ʣħսսϷȴһ˴δĹâ
ǹâǡһ˲ǱˣǽǶ˴ͳսǸ༫ԯˡ
µ۾Ƭâ֮У档
Ƭҫ۵Ĺâ֮Уǻ۾ַ·ûκһı˫
ԭѾֳֵܾ˲Ťתԭ˵൱׼Ҫս֮ڵͬھˡ
ŰסâƬ֮ⳡħսҲǳ׵Ļ
ΪǸӣΧһﶼѾ׵ɢˡ
ͲйĽͣΪǸ׼ԲŴﵽЧ
ս֮һʧӰٵʱ򣬷¸ʮҹҲע⵽ˣǸͷϷԶλһѽ
ǰѽǱģǷ¸ʮҹѰҵɽ
Ҳͬ˵һͬ׼˵Ʒ
һеһж̫죬ɢҲ̫죬÷¸ʮҹһ͵ԭء
Ȼ˲ŵ֮£ܵĳͻȻ֮䷢˸ı䡣
Ҳǲת飬ǰһͺŤתǬ
һͷĿѣ֮󣬷¸ʮҹѾҲܹ֮ǰˡ
ͬһһɽͷ·һһ
ھЩʼտţʼչעŵĹ֮һоͬһһʵּ顣
ʱ򣬶ȫ벻ǰ龰
ûб۾ģȻǵľٶȴȻ֮۾Ȼֺݺݵıϡ
ʵӦӦֻӦǿҵĹߡ
ȻΪҪӦߣǼԵŷǳǵĿ⿴Ƕ˵֮Уʮҹͷ¸ǳŪˡ
Ѿصԭ㣬Ҳ֮ˡ
֮ǰһȻǳʵȻо˾Щʵʣ˵ʵС
һȴ̫ͻȻˣôһҲδ֪ġ
ƾ˭׾ٵ¶˽ۡ
¸򵥵شһȦ֮һӾͰĿԯϡ
ƺΪ֮ǰ֮ǰħսǸ˶е𺳡
Ȼ֪ʲôʱϵģ¸ʮҹعǰ˵ʱ򣬾ͷڲ֪ʲôԭѾۼһˡ
¸Ͳ˵ˣȻȥһЩȻµжȴûаֵӡ
Ȼ֪·ʲôֻǶݵʱ֮δܻعա
ʮҹıȴԵһЩ֣֮ǰճʱƺһЩܹȷôһ£ǾͿʼ̽
ħսϹս⾿ǡ
ʲôħսһͷȻҲһͷˮ
Ϊ˸Լĵܾܵȳά˹ϽЦЦŷ¸ʮҹ
ҪģҺԯǱһҵġֻ˻þֻ屻˽ǶˡǷ˾ţ֮ŽǸ˳ֽǵġ
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385 ɽ

˸ǵĽͣʮҹͷ¸ȻЩš
Ϊ֮ǰδ̫ʵжһģһ˸оõͲǻþһ㡣
ڸոս֮ǰϹʱǾ;ǰһжʵޱȣһȶ϶Ǿǻصǰ
ΪһȫĿġ
Ҫ˵Щ˻þ֮ĻĻδҲ̫ǣǿЩ
Ҳ֪˵ľʵƭǵĻ
֮ǰЩʵޱȵ飬Ҳֻǻѡ
һжʮҹͷ¸Ϊ֮̾
ȻǺ֮ǰһжξһȻµʵõ˵˰ɡ
¸һ˵ţҲһ˿ȻЦݡ
֮ǰ˰ֻʮҹ齨Ӷţϲ֮ͣ̽£˵ʵ˵Ŀ
ȻǱԯͻȻ֮Ĵʵ磬ص֮ǰǽǸ̻Ի͵عǰ
ֻ֮ǰ֣ṇ̀Ҳȷ˻þĻˡ
Ȼ˾ЩԽܣȴֲòܡ
ˣϿһҲĵϧɡ
ʮҹҲĻοԼʵҲо겻ѡ
ĺЩֻǻ롣
һֱԲѣɰǸŻˡ֮ǰûܴʱ͵ĵĹǺò׽Ǵӽ֮н˳ȴּһֱ״̬ҿѹˣ
һһ˵ţһ߻ظĺ龪һһ
һϯҲ˲١
ʮҹҲһЦЦļԵؿ
Ҳҵʱڽ֮ʶҪͳ顣ҵԯά˹æҺͷ¸辡ӻþѳ
ʮҹĿεοһ־Щ˼ͷæʮҹ˵㻹ǱˣŪҶЩҴˣ
Ļ䣬̿
ɵĳѵһȻȴ÷¸ξǡ
֮ǰξһʱҲٲĻЦ
Ȼһε֮ⷢѾȥ˺ܳһʱˡ
һֱûټСӵĳԱǺͬһԺӵЩѣǻһЩ
¸ξѧԺʱά˹ͻȻѯ
ʲôһнòǴӻþдİɣ߼ԡ
¸ܿʹӻл񣬲͵ά˹ķ˹ȥ濴ǰѱСеĽ
⼣߰ߵĽ÷¸һ㶣ڲ֮ǰҲν֮ǰħսؾ֮ǰ˵ɽ
ûӻþг֮ǰɽѾķѣҳ׵Ķϵˡ
ǰʣҲֻһѿȥģ˸Ϳ˿ѰҵǰϹɽ
÷¸üҲӵ
Ҳû뵽ӦֻһþѣɽΪκһͬʵ硣
˼ʱ򣬺ȻһĨ˸Ĺâע
͵ѶϽ˹ȥȻһĨ׽˵Ĺâˡ
ҲٶŪ˾ôһ£ǲЩૣֱ漣ǡ
֮Է¸˵ΪһϤİӣϵ˵ɽдһĨꡣ
ĨлˣɽˣҲǸԯžŲƶȵˡ
벻׼ǳúĿʷħս֮󣬾ȻܹһƲлν֮ϡ
񣬻ǹͬص֮½
÷¸ڵʯ֮࣬˷ǳĴȱΪޱȵĿݡ
׼֮ǰѾ˼ĽԼʮҹս֮н˳
ȻĻǳ״ӻþʧҪʧڻþ֮С
ԯǰѶ˴ӽ˳Ҳδֱܹʹѡ
żԯһģһ𽥵ĴӶϽи˳
ȴԽԽƺϾҪ͸䳹ʧһ
¸죬Ҳ֪ǷӦȴû˵Щʲô
Ȼ֪һп¶ΪַĽ类ƣڲòѾ˵ַͬɢ
ȻƲлȻҪ䳹׵ʧƺҲô򵥵ġ
Ϊƺ𽥵ɢȻȴ˴ļơ
վȻһ⣬ȻۿɼٶһԵԯڡ
ɰڳ˶ɵˡ
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386 

˾֪֮࣬ζʲô
Ҳ˵ɽһ˿ɽ˵Ӷ
ȻûмĴ棬Ȼȴӡ֤롣
ֻһƲлڽԯ֮ԯ˾ͱһƬĹΧסˡ
ҲҫۣҪһء
ԯıɽΪ֪ģȻɽȴûԯٻֱƾճ֣ԯǰֱֱ֣شš
ԭά˹ǱɽĲнʱ˿̾죬Ҿҵš
ά˹ȵ˵ʶɿ֡
Ȼԭﲢҷɻǰɽֱĳԯ䡣
ȻȴΪ˷ƣֱͬԯıɽԡ
ɽԯıɽʱͷ·λһԭƲұҳڸǵӼ߰ߵĺۼȫȻʧ
ȻΪһӫ⣬ֱԱߵıɽУ֮ںΪһ塣
ϵ˿һĻǱ仯Ī⡣
һȥǳ˷ܣΪδĳͦԯе˵ġ
ԯοѽ벻¸ȥһˣȻ˱
ά˹۵Ҳ¶˾Ĺâƶĳ֮̾ѡ
ԯ˷ǷһɽΪʵһ
ʮҹҲһôż˿ͺ̽Ŀ⣬ںϵҲ֪Ƿ֮ǰħսʱĳ
ǳѪڣǳħսżɽڴʱ˿̻Ϊ˶е
¸Ժͬʱ໭棺ʮҹڻþмǸԯһģһˣ׼һĻĹֹᵽԯϡ
ʱ˿˫գǰһͬڰգڽںϣ
˴ʱ˿Ҳ棬ħսϵǸս֮˵Ӱغϡ
¸Ҳ˱۾Ǹһ˿Цݡ
۾ʱ˫ͫѣǧҲֻΪһĵİ̾
һжעɡ
ܿ죬ںϾͽˡ
âȫȻʧ֮һҲƽ
ԯɽ¶ոµòȻ֮ǰûʲôȴѿһЩϹŵĻƣĹҲ֮ǰ˲١
ԯҲ۾ϵıɵͷ·ʲôûзһ㡣
ʮҹȿ۲ɽҡͷ̾
žϹʱʲôսΨһ֤ˣ⽣ЩĿ
˻þܹ֮ʶһħսʵΣǵҲֵáά˹ҲŸ͡
һǿʲôһһ
ʱĵطһ̶ٲȽϺã
һĻڳļ˾ЩЦȻǻûü˵Щʲôͱһµˡ
磬ǰи̻Ի͵Ĺʲôϡ䱦Ҳ˵ȥɣ
ⲻ԰ɣʲô䱦ҲӦñ˲Ŷԣôỹǡ
ѽģĻᣬȥײȥ֪ˣ߰߰ɣ
¸Դķ˹ȥÿ˺ƺƵһȺˡ
һߵķЩ϶ĻǸҲôһ¡
ۿȺ˾Ҫ߹ˣ
Ҳ֪ԷǷ񿴼ǵ£Ӽ֮ǾĬľ뿪
뿪ĻԼٲҪ鷳Ҳܹи㡣
ûпżǰԭվŵķ¸輸ˣȺ˲ûи
뿪һξ֮󣬷¸һͣ
һǰУ¸ʮҹѾǰؾʧȥȤ
һˣСǲ
ԯά˹Ҳ˵˺üΣȻͬεȥ
ͳһ뷨һ¾뿪ؾ֮㡣
ϹؾҪ룬ܻҪЩЩȴ
ȻȥʱֻҪһη¸ַ˵Ϳ׾ٵ뿪ؾ
ϹؾĿʱҪѧԺؾ΢һЩ
οһȻ£ʵҲû˷Ѷôʱ䣬ܹ뿪
뿪ؾ֮վݳǵһǣʼ˼˽顣
ʮҹѾ֮ǰħսлعҲ侲ࡣ
΢˰֮󣬾Լ뷨
֮ǰߣһΪϹؾΪѰǡ鶼ѾԲھͻȥɡ
-

387 ƴ

˵Ҫ̷Ƿ¸裬Ǽ˶Ǿ˫˫޳ɵģϾѾܾûлѧԺˡ
οǧߣҲΪ˱ģΪյʳǡ
ʮҹܹǻص۶ȻǸеϲġ
ԵȻҲҪڵһʱ֮ȷԼ뷨Ҹʮҹһص۶
¸ǰûѧԺ飬ҪصѧԺҲǱϲЩȸԾ
ԯ俴óܺá
ʼע¸ı仯ǰ£ȸԾӣ֪һΪеȽãҲ¶һ˿Цݡ
ĨЦʧҲ죬׽ɽָֻһӡ
˸ûù׼Ҳͼ̣̤˻ǵ·
Ȼû߳ݳǣıľ΢һЩˡ
ԭǰ·ʮҹɫͻȻһŲҲסˡ
¸ĸСҲŽŲһͣѯʵ۹̽ʮҹƺѯʾʲô顣
ʮҹһ֮תͷɫѾû֮ǰɣԵЩء
ղլҽʶܸѾˣҪոϻءҪӿųˡ
⻰˶һ㶣ƺ²ʲô顣
ȻǵĻΪ۶ǵһӣȻҲҪ˽⣬Ծʮҹѯ
ʲô飿Ҳ˵˵һŵ˽⣬ȵ֮Ҳи׼
ʮҹ⻰ȻҲ͵˵ͷ
֪Ҳû⼸λСıҪ˵ȷʵЩأмƴ˼
ڲ֪ȵҲԻ
»ŪǷ꣬ǰǽҲǵѡ
ʮҹͺԥĿڸǽΪԼլᴫϢ˵ڵĵ۶Ѿˡ
ֻ˵֮ǰ̾һƳҲ֪ΪԼ̾ģΪڵ̾ġ
ؼҺŪ۶ӣҪ̲ƼҡҼլҪҳ֣ϣҲڵʱ룬ҡ
⻰˶ЩȻ֪˵Щʲôá
Ǽ˶ؼҵգҲʲô֣ҪȻҲô˵顣
һĻ˵ǸеȡҸû뵽ĻҲӡ
ӲҪǰµıѾãᷢģҲӦܹõ
ֻû뵽ǣʮҹѰ˵ʱ֮ڣȻᱻؼҺҳ롣
ãֶսթ֮ɵļ壬ܹ뵽ķҲ̫˸е֡
ֻ⵨δ̫ڴһЩ۶ǳĿɶң͸˵ǴĻҵˡ
Ҫ֪ȻĴ岻βȴҲܹóҵʵ֮ϵġ
ڶ˼ƺҲ֡
оԵЩ̫ڲƺˣҲ˸еЩȵԭ
֮ǰǰ˽˶ؾ֮ʱ뵽ǼûһöЩа
һЩ߷ߵ˵ţȻΪ֮ǰؾ֮ҪǸϾɱҧгݡ
ά˹ɫҲÿ¹Լ֮ЩԹҲ¹ǵļ壬ôΪģ
ʵ˵˵ҲԶֹˡʮҹ̾˿ҡҡͷ
ƼҲ֪θ룬ܵǿҵĴѹѾ᧿Σ
һ⻰ɫ죬¸һ㶡
ʵƼҵ׳ʲôûаëǮĹϵҲмȥܹʡ
ԼĸƼң֮ˡ
Ȼ˾··;֮ʱ˸ָķ
ȻǼŸ·Ȼ·ϵʱЩȴ㲻ǵĶ
˵۶Ǳ߳˴ӣĴƺΪʲôľأﰵҼֲ֪ȥһЩ̫ƽ
·ǡ۶飬ԼǼŸ·ȴҲڴ˶뷨
ͣϸһ͸÷¸Щסվˡ
ǰƼҲѹ᧿Σˣд˵ǼҪǴСؼƽˣȻٵĿܾǱ̲ˣ
⻰¸裬ʱЩŭɶ
֮ǰͲôϲƼңû뵽ǾȻΪԼĸΣ
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388 

ҾȺ˵ҲмֵĴ˵䲻ھӦͣĸϻǣԲӿٶȣ
¸飬ʮҹЩȣȻǲ׾ʲô¡
Ҫ֪Ӳ˵Ļ¸ҹĹϵҲǺܴ
ȻķӦȴʾſ黹ЩĵģԼȻҪܹ÷¸贩飬ȻҲʮҹġ
Ͼ¸ദôһʱ䣬ҲǾԶ뷨ٵЩ⡣
֪аĸһûô򵥣Կ¸Ҳһ˿̽Ѱ
Ҳ֪̫ڹģ᲻ãܻ÷¸跴С
λСҲڳҲֱʳԼеɻ
·¸Ƚ͵һˣҲҪɺ
Ȼ¹ôشĽȻҲܹ
Ծٹ۲һʱ䣬ҸὫʳڣҲֻܽû
һû˼ټ˵һҪǸȥ
ټϷ¸ҪԴҵٶȻ֮ǰǵٶҪࡣ
ΪһȻС·գʮҹȴ·ġ
ټ˵мУƷǳ·̣ȴڼ֮ھֱӸϵˡ
̤ǵĵؽ֮ʮҹ˿λСŷ¸˵Ҫά˹ͰһˣԯǷҪȥѧԺһ£
ԯû˵ʲôǽһеľȨ˷¸衣
¸ȥͻȥоһ㶼֮С
¸Ӧ˶ʼҪڷ¸ߵġ
¸һξȻҲûҪȻѧԺ˼ڱƽѾǲҪˡ
ʮҹҵ֮ĵһʱͽԺԺǾԲ̫ڹġ
ѧԺͬҲΪǵİΣټȥˡ
Ҳ˵ģڷ¸軹иҪȥע飬ҲԼĸ¡
·ЩһҲʵڵġ
ĻôҲ˵ԼĸһڱǿȵĽ׶Ρ
ԼȥоԼĸʲôĻᷢʲô鶼δ֪ġ
Է¸軹ҪִƼңҿʲô顣
ȻԼݣҲ׾پܹǱȥġ
ǵ۶Ĵ岻ô׻˽ԭŵľƾ͸Ƽҵķ
͸ܾ׾ٵļԼĸˡ
Ƿ¸ҪȥƼտһԼĸ׵ͬʱֲòһЩķҸɹؽƼҡ
뵽¸ֱʮҹѯ
ֻһ֣ʹżֹĳɷʮҹѯ
ǻص˵۶ǣҲҪȥȻ»һ󣬲֪ܷڰæ֮ҵ󣿡
ȻԸϴ
Ȼ鿴ȥҲǳļȣȻѾǣǾûʲôҪżˡ
ڻؼҲǷַӵ飬ʮҹʹӦ
οҲǳĺ¸ʲôҪԼ
һԼ֮ǰĲ룬һŵĶȻҲҪϸһ¸Ĵ𰸣ʱĴ
¸ʮҹӦȻҲû˼ٶԥ
Ϊµ״˵ʮֲٵȥĻ֪ᷢʲôڵȻҪ콫㶨
ʵҪͷһͬƼҡؼҺҵĴѹҲһĳ̶ȣ׾ٵƼĻҲҲԼһᵽƼȥģҲµҲǣ
ǣʮҹ˵ͷЩȷʵ˵һΪһҪƼȥأ
仰һ˵ڣʮҹ֪ԼֻҪ̽һ·¸ݶѡ
ݾûô򵥣ҪȻҲƽ޹ʵķǳƼҵ顣
ټԼ֮ǰоͶԴɣڵһȷĶ
ҲֻҪܹ̽˶ԷǺݡ
˵ЩʲôµĹϵ¸ͬãҪʵҲ޿ɺǵġ
ʮҹҪ˽¸ʵݵɡ
Ҳֻ֪Լ֮̽¾ܹ׾ٵ˵ڵĻͲʲôҪˡ
ǾǲԵļˡٺͷ¸̸¡
ҵСԸά˹һȻؼ壬Ҵһ¡ҽһѾ飬Ҿ͵
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389 Ȼ

һά˹ˣóԼļͷ¸лҪ˵ȻҲûбҪپȥ
ǵ֮󡣾Ȼҡ
ʮҹֽĿ⿴˷¸Եԯ䣬Щֹ
¸迴룬Ҳ
֪ҪʲôûбҪرܡͬһͬͺáˣҵ˽⡣
һ⻰¸ԼǷᱻԯ̽⣬ôʮҹҲûбҪᡣ
Ǵ̽һ·¸ʵݡ
Ȼһλûʳڵʱ򣬷¸
Ϊ¸ٲȻҲһˣ֪ʮҹںʲôҪ̽Щʲô
ȻԼҪͷԼƼҵĻЩûбҪȥ
־ô飬˲ô˵ҲһͬһЩµͬ飬ȻҲҪ̹
Ҳ˵֮Ľ飬ƾԼά˹һĹϵ¸Ҳʮҹй
ʮҹҪ̽Լ뷨¸跴󷽷ĳˡ
Ҳûʲô˵ģ֮ǰһֱû˵ֻǲҪ鷳
ˣȻҪȻԷҲЩ˸о׵顣
ʵʵƼҴСŮһ֮ǰ·;ķǽƼвҪؼ£ȻܹӲҪͷƼң鿴һҵĸھǺδ
⻰ʮҹЩȻ˼
Ҳֻ˶еЩѣֿܶܣȴҲûԷȻŮ
еЩĲݣΪҪǱƼңҲǸƼһĶԹġ
ЩԨԴܹҼע⣬ľǶԷŮ
Ҳ뵽¸ԼദãȻһŮӡ
ҲԼĲ࣬һһ·֣¸Ҳȷ̫ˡ
ΪһЩټϳ౾ƫҲûйڵľȡ
˷¸Ļ֮Ҳһ·Щ
ط¸·ϵʱ˽⵽һУ뵽Լĸ׻ᱻ˱Ҳһܡ
ʱҪƼңҲܹġ
ټҲǷǳļ֣ԼҪЩ£ҲƱҪȥƼһˡ
¸һͬǰҲֻǾֱ֮ͣͬˡ
û⣬ҪҴһ¼Ĵ£һھʱ֮Щ£ʹһͬƼҡ
лȫ¸蹰ֳлûΪԼ̹飬öԷ֪Լݾ͸еȡ
ʵϣҲûô򵥣ҪĻҪӵϾһЩ
ΪĴڲѾչ˰ȻĽ׶ΣЩƺҲеĸҪء
Ϊ¸ҪǰƼң׼֮󣬾ҵȴʮҹ
ҵĹϵǱ䶯֡
ǰȴδȻ˽ԼҵĵϵŮ޸ӶţԴ
ʱ¸ԯڴЩ֮󣬾ͿĶԯ˵
εҺƼ˵ʵӶߴӶ֮һǲеĻֻҡԯǻش
ֻʣԯȻҲҪƽʱҪӶ໰һЩ
ܿͰǻص֮˽⵽һЩ飬ȫ˸顣
˵ǲӦñŵģҲڸ֮£Ȼµȴ÷¸Ҳü
ǵľƱٱˡ
û¸ԭĴڲ
෽ĻֻԽԽ󣬲ݱһʰ
Լٲ취ƼҵĻԼĸ׺пܾͻȡ
ҵĵϵŮ͸᧿ΣƼˡ
ҪĴվԼĵλֲҪ̲Ļ
ҲֻѡĶƣһ
ֻҪһ뵽ֶξȻԼĸ¸;Щŭɶ
ҲԲ׾ٵԭƼҵΪ
ϾһαߵĲǱˣԼĸס
ڷ¸˵һ裬Ƕļ̤
ҲñԼĸ׵ġ
ĵ˲Ƿ¸裬˵ĻҲͬܡ
-

390 ĸŮ

ʮҹܿͶӦ¸飬ҲǴƼҡ
һη¸Ҳûװ磬Ϊ˵ЦԼĸĸĸ鲢Ͽɡ
˼Ҽûж֪з¸һˣ˵ȫϲǼеĴСŮ
һҲװ磬ʮҹƼҲ׾ٵ顣
Ƽ֮ʮҹֱӵõ˴ʱ˿̳棬ǿջЦƼҼĽӼ
ǰݷãʧԶӭ
ԷʧǵӣʮҹҲû˸׵˼
֪Щһĥҹ£һԼҲΪ
¶ԷκδʩûȻҪ£ùϵԷҵʱֻԼ
ƼҼҲҪ̲ģøַĴȽŸ档
һʮҹǱĿģǰ̽һ¶Է˼
ܹȫĻ
ƼҼʮҹ๧ά˻ʮҹҲڰи¸ʹɫ
Ȼ˵Ŀⶼλϣûעⱻʮҹķ¸һЩʮҹһͬˡ
ֻǵҼЯ˰ˣȻҲûз̯Ŀ⡣
Ҳú˷¸⣬ֱӰ뿪˴飬ȥ;ҡһ㵽˰
ƾԼļǰ˵˽⹤ǱԼĸ׵Ժӡ
ԺӿЩƫƧϾƼҵС㡣
Ȼ壬һ֣ȴҲż˿Թڡ
пƼҵĵλ᧿ΣƼµ鶼رȻԺնһЩơ
¸ǱʱڵԺﶼѻȸ
ƽźŮҲߴߴԷ¸軹ΪԼ˵ط
Ȼȴ֪Լĸƽʱذ徲ԾֻŸпֵ飬ԥǱҡ
ʱ˿̵齱ߣ֪ЩʲôΪʲô
¸⸱ӣԼĸ׽ЩһֱûͬԼ˲٣۵Ⱦ˼˿ۡ
ԼȻ׽ţȴҲȫȻһûзġ
ΪԺҲˣԷ¸ûйע⡣
δԼӣԼĸȴûκηӦȻ˳˼鵱У÷¸ӵˡ
ĸס¸ûԥ૳ڡ
ԭڶݵʱ֮ھûӦ
˼֮ȴͻȻһ͵̧ͷ
¸ϤײС
һ˲̲ס˳Ҽĳǰȥס˷¸衣
׺㣡Щ׵ĸɻã
ԼĸһԼǷ񰲺ã¸ж֮࣬ҲͬرԼĸף˼֮Ա
һжãһصǰΪ
ʱѾԼᣬӷ¸Ļ
ȴûм⣬Ϊ֪η¸Ϊζ
ȻĵȴЩ֮ѯһԼŮİΣͲɵõԼˡ
Ȳ˵Щģ㸸ðɣ
˵ջõǵĿ⿴˷¸裬ƺǷǳб顣
¸Ҳ֪ԼĸԼĸ֮ĸǳ
δܼ֮࣬Լĸֱƻ飬Ҳʮֲܡ
Է¸ֱӿʼοԼĸףҲشĻ
ǱһжãұѧԺؾ꣬͵֮⡣һ·ϻʱ·һڵˡҽɵ˸ߣضܹġ
⻰һҲ뵽ΪκþöδܼϷ¸һ档
ʱ۸Ϊû뵽ԼŮʱﾹȻ֮ࡣ
һŮװ֪һ·Ȼʮ࣬ҪܵĶԲԼܹġ
۵ķԼŮӣĸţƺҪһЩο
Щһֱѣһ·ܿˣûоΪһĸ׵Ρ
¸ҡҡͷԼĸײӵģҲҪΪ˶ں޻
ף˵ﻰҺһˣǺ͸׶ҪúõĻϣ㿴Һ͸ڲҲɳĶ࣬úúõҲҪǿȥ
ٴӿۿȻΪ˲ŮģҲֻǺ˵ͷϹοЦݡ
¸ʱĿģǾֱɫԼĸ˵Լ뷨
ףҪ뿪ģ˵ƼҪؼ顣߰ɣܹ㣬˼Ҳǲˣ
-

391 ֮

δ룬һ¸ҪԼߣȻһӦǾϲģ۾Ҳһ¡
ǽžͺ뵽ʲô
¸迴óԥȻԲΪ᲻뿪Ƽҡ
ƼҶжôã¸ʵǲȫ˽ģҲԺòȥ
Ҫǣ紫ŵһƼҾȫԱĹߡ
Ȼ˵ĻΪԥأ
뵽¸̲סѯʣףԥʲôٲߵĻ֪ᷢʲôѵ᲻Ƽ𣿡
ġЦҡҡͷ
ҲΪ᲻Ƽңֻ㡣˵ĻƼҿ²ô׷ŹңʱҲᡭ
˵ΪϸԼߣ¸ԵЩۡ
֪ԼһΪ¸Լ鷳ʵֺγ뿪
Ȼ¸豾ȴӲںЩǾԲΪԥġ
ĺƼ鷳ĻǴʼʱ򣬷¸Ͳ
뵽¸˲٣̧ͷ񶼱øӼᶨˡ
ף㲻ҪΪԥҲҪЩҪŸ㣬ҲһϺӡԣߺ𣿡
¸˵죬ջû˵ʲô
⸱ֹӣ¸ҲЩ
ȻȰȰʱ⴫һɧ
ڷûгȥ
ã
ԶһǴġ
¸δв֮ãɫ˲һݡ
¸㣬ű˴˵ֵơ
ñײ˸š
Էڿ֮һ㶣̷Ӧôһ¡
Ҿ˵ҺʲôΪǴ뻹иǶ˶϶ĶԻѲǸ
ûؼǰѷ¸赱жд̵Ķ塪عˡ
ζ·ؼҺѹƼңƼΪԱŴӦͳȥع˵
ع˱ͶЩ뷨лʱҪ޸˾عˡ
δ룬˷бַһϵе飬ǶΪ˴
Ȼֻع˵Ķ뷨ĻᣬǾԲŹģڵ顣
ʵڸղʱ򣬾޵ĶԻҽ˵ĶԻ˸϶һŵ˽⡣
ֻƼҵ˴ΪҲװ֪ѡ
δıڴ˽ᣬһ֪ǵ©֮㡣
ҲͷбǸ
ڽ϶Ϊһǳİʯ
οȻѾԼץˣǾ;Բ׾ٵķŹǡ
Ҳ˵ģ¸ĳֻ֪࣬ĸ׺ãĸײ
ˣǴˮͣһȸߵԡ
ع˵ҲǶ˼
¸ûз̫ע
ԭ֮ǰΪǷҪ뿪ƼҵһֱŽ棬ع˵ãҲܸı¸뷨
˵ͻȻ֮͵ĵ˳ĴһӰ졣
Ȼȴܹ¸ҪԼĸ뿪ͷ
ǾԲĿԼĸױƼǿȼ޸˵ġ
ȻǵĸҲû뵽ع˾Ȼڷ¸˵ʱ
ıײ˸ţҲ֪ǷԼŮͻ˶Σա
ع˵˲ŹԼŮĻƼֱͬ׽һҪ׽÷¸Ҳ׾١
иĻǶԼŮĵģֱıס˷¸裬Ȼ󽹼Ķ˵һԼӿģԲԣץ뿪ƼҰɣǧҪعץסˣץסᡭ
ˣΪλҪ߰οƼѲ˵ķزϣͽͳ𣿡
Ļû˵꣬ع˾ֱӽ˵˰صĻˡ
ǰƺвԵ˼ҲԲ
ϾҪߵǰʱعƺ֣֪ҪЩʲô
¸辯ԵæԼĸһ󲽣֡
عҲûΪ˶еΣ֮ԹԵЦ
ʵǼ˷¸òѡ
ֻЦſ˵Ļʲôû
Сĵͦ£ֻҪϴ޸ҵĻҾͻĸף˵󷢴ȱķƼһ
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392 

عԹԵ˵ţ·ԼһжĴһ
ɰѷ¸ĻˣôҲ벻ȻƤ֮ˡ
Ҫ֪ڵʵ˵Ǵ뿪ˣҪְƽعˣ²Ҳʲô¡
οƼҵΣʲôϵ
ƼȫҸûˣֻҪԼĸԼں˻ڣƺҲ
ع˵ĻҲܹʲôҪЧֻ÷¸ӵķУŻ
Ƿ¸ֱһƵع˵ĳɷֱ֣ӿʼ䳰ȷ
벻ĲôƤǺĺܡҲǧΪˣȻܱؼҵĳǽ񣡲Ǻ񣬶˱˼ҵԺǲ֪ԼＸɣ
㣡ع˶ʱ˵ʲôĻǱ¸ҭסˡ
ıҲѷ¸Ļһֲһֱڸ߸ϵλôܲ߳ŭ
˵˶ܹó¸ıع˸ĵˡ
˵Ļʹ䳰ȷ˾÷ǳȡ
عֻҪһ̲סͷ
ԽԽøղŷ¸˵ԼȻֻⷿǼȴЩۡ
Ҳ̲סû˵ʹֱ¸趯
ۿعҪ˺ƤԼ֣¸ûаη壬޲øö˴һ
ĻܹйһԼ
ǼعѾҪԼˡ¸ȴûз䳰ȷĻᡣ
ضǧҪ鰡Ȼһûʲô͵ġ
ع֮ˣ˸տʼҪڴ򶷡
Ƿ¸ҲʩչֽţʲôǾͽع˴⡣
ȻһؼƼԺٴҲɲʩչ
οһսֱͿҪһƬԺķƿˣôܲƼҵע⣿
˵Ȼع˵Ҳ˵ռǿߣʮҹҲһǰ㡣
ȻǺͷ¸ĻҲǵ֮
Ը¸򶷣ҲԵòԵ׻ŪЩ
Ҳûб¸һлУá
Ҳع˰࣬Ҳ벻ԷŭԼҲȷʵ
ҪȻҲԼô죬Լȴȫܹ·硣
ļĿ¾ҪһԣǶ˴򶷵ˡ
Ҳ뵽ԼŮòԼһΣǡ鷳عˡ
ִ֣Ȼֵ̫󾪶ƼңȴʵǺԼŮˡ
Ȼʵ֤ĵҲǶģܿ죬ڻһ˾Ͷߵ춯
һⷬ춯ʮҹ֪ʲô
Ͼ֮ǰ磬¸ѾҪЩʲôˡ
ͻ״Ҳܹ²ĵġ
ƼҼЩĵĽѯʵĿ⿴ʮҹ֮ʮҹͺԥĶƼҼ˵ضǣȻƼҼڳĻȻҪдģԸһǰ鿴
һƼҼֱҪݷ벻ʮҹ˺˵
ҲûԥֱӸʮҹƼҵһͬԺӸ
һǼòӣعⷴӦִҶߣһơ
¶һ˿ЦݣĿŷ¸迪ڡ
ʵϣȴǶŸոոƼ˵ġ
Ǿ벻ɣǰˣƼҵˣǵĴСŮ
ԭϹһվƼ˶ʱͨͨͣס˽ŲһĲŵӡ
Ȳ˵ԷŮװ飬˵ݾΪ˶һ
Ҳ벻ͷʢĶʦҲѧԺķƾӢȻƼҵˣ
ȻεĻݣ飬Ƽҵ˴ŲϿɵ̬ȣõ걻˵ǸǲӦôϵġ
ȻڶԷڹϴһãЩεĲ֪롣
ֻһ֮ǵھܹ
ȻڵӦζԴ»Ҫ˼еġ
ţع˵Ļ͸ӵĲ֪Ƽ˵濪ʼ˵һЩĻ
ʰֻҪƼҿϽңҾͷƼһ
⻰˵Ŀޣе˼ҲԲҪõ¸裬ĿȻǲԶ
ع˵ȷǸɫãɫ֮ˣϾ¸ò㲻һʱĵ۶збļơ
ʵҪһЩԭǷ¸ڻһʦǰ;ضǸĴߴӶŶҪ£Ĵڡ
ܹԼĻԼͶһǿޱȵĵơ
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393 

ʵƼҼҪʮҹ곤࣬Ҳʷǳϳɣȴһǰųˡ
ΪƼҵȻҲǺܲҪȻҲλĴ֮һ
ҪֱĻǲľͲһǰˡ
ֻҪ֣ƼҼͲò£Ҳò˵˵ǼջԵġ
˵Ƿ¸游ȻԷҪԼ¸裬ҲһҧȫԸġ
ֻԥţԼδֵܳŮѾˣǽ־ܹƼƽĻһʽ׵ֵǲֵ
Լ˲˵ҲҪԥһʱ֮Ҳ˵Ȼ
ڳ˳Ĭ֮УɲЩ顣
ŴڽעתƵ˱ķ棬ԼŮҲظع˴ɱɱǾֱǰŮһ§ڻǵѯʣûˣ
¸谲οԼĸף̶ЦЦּᶨҡҡͷ
ûµģĽֻ˲ҡ
˶⻰عԭЦݸһ˿ѡ
Ȼȴûٴη𣬿ƼҼԥԼ춪ҲˣԸɴ˸˳ˮۣƼҼֱ˵
Ƽֻʱ俼ǡ֮һԴѯƼҺŮ𡭡ҶѾˣһضסˣС
˵֮ʹҡڵ뿪Ƽҵڴ˴һƬ
֮ʮҹɻһվš
ôƼ˵һˡ
ڷ¸ҲƼ˵ͷΣҲЩ岻ġ
ȻֲƼҵļ£¸ͱ뷽跨ĸ¸ǾֱӿڶƼ˵
Ҵģ˵ҲӦñҸߣϣҲҪǡ
⻰ƼҼû˵Щʲôֻɫ쳣ĸӡ
Ȼ̬ȴƼҸ߲㲻Դ˶̬
ȻҼعͬĲöԸҲﲻ
Ȼ¸ڶ˵ͬǱĶһһʲôİ취뾡ֽڣҲһҪ¸Ƽҡ
Ƕ˵ֱӶȻܾʮҹҪ
ʮֱǸǵļ£ղŵҲʵǼҳ󲻿һ͵ʲôûзȻƼ˵ĻǾӦƼҡ
⻰ʮҹȻǰֲò
ǿӲ̬ҪԼ˵ĻʮҹǾԲͬġ
¸뿪ĻʲôֶΣҲһҪŷ¸뿪
ԼƼҸ߲ǿӲĻظʮҹҲĻ졣
ѲؼҵһҾͰŵùǺһĶδܹǸе𣿽˵ҾȻҪ˴ߣܰô
˻һƼҵĸ߲ɫǷǳĺÿҲ֪Լһ˵ˡ
ȻƼˮ֮УһܹǵĵλҲ¹ǵİΣ
⣬ıҪ¸ˣһҲҪ·¸衣
ֻҪз¸ĻƼٻܹȵϣ
һξҪ˺ƤһЩڣҲҪѷ¸
Ƽҵļ߲һ֮󣬾ֱӽʮҹ
ǵһȷʵһЩǷףҲȷʵ̫ļһЩǼСոջֺĸŮ֮ڼĲɢ
⻰˵Ƿǳ˫ˡ
ʮҹҪǿӲ̬Ƚ¸ߵĻǾԵһЩ̫ڲͨع˸ǲɢǼ˵Ļ
ȻǲߵĻ˳ЩƼ˵˼
ʮҹһʱ֮Ҳ˫˼ŽӦô
Ƽ˵ͷһ˶ĺ飬Ҳ֪ܹôˡ
ҼҪǿӲ̬ȴ߷¸ĻҲֻݱҺؼҵľٲϰϵǡ
ȻһβԼ뷨ӣ¸Լ¡
ھ˸ղһ֮Ҳ˼ࡣ
Լĸ׵ʱûнʮҹǿиԼߣҲǷӡ
˵Ҳʮֲģ˵Ҳǵﲻ壬ɷ¸軹ǲϰڸʮҹ鷳
˵ǿӲҪĻ˵Ҳʲô¡
ǾֱʮҹͶȥĿ⣬ʾӦƼҸ߲Ļ
ôʱദ֮²Ĭʮҹ˶ԷǺͼ
֮Ҳֻ뿪Ƽ˶Ϊ˶˿
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394 

ʮҹǰŸߣƼҵ˾Ͷסˡ
ƼҼֻһ۷¸裬һ˦䣬һͷҲصߵһ߶ڳ˷Ը
ȥã⺢Ҳϡ
һȺ˺ƺƵŴöȥʼյǵŷ¸裬һֱߡ
ΪҲ֪ƼҼҪԼŮЩʲô
ԼǶϵҲɺԼĸ׻Է¸ʲôֵΪ
¸µóԼĸ롣
Ȼ϶ƼҵȺ˵ٴҲǿʲôڹֵ£ǾʾԼĸ׷ſġ
ں״̬Ҳ˵ЩʲôȻʢ˵ĵǻװס
ȻƼҼе˶˴֮ƼҼλλƼҸ߹ܾͿʼ˽
ͷ¸游һȺƼҸ߹ڸָо֮ҲͬжȨ
һʮҹո뿪£Ǿ뵽·ӣʵҲΪƷ¸裬İõشƼҡ
ȻķӶڷ¸˵̫ǿӲһЩΪҪ
¸裬ƼڸһᣬҲǶһȰھ͵ڣ
ƼҵһϣԼǰ߸ϵķԸ
¸赱ȻʮƲƼ߸ϵ̬ˣͷ·ԼܹصƼǸԼĶһ
£ԼĸĸûǵĲɢǶһҸļͥһжᷢô˵ز
ҵԼûüƼˣֻǶǶһ˿Ӷѡ
û뵽ǾȻͷԼһʩᣬѲΪԼĻİ
ԼŮⷽϻһЩ⣬֪ЩܣһֱԸο
Ȼ¸ҲɺԼڶƼҳϵķԸ֮Աǡ
ѲΪҵʩᣬҾһҪǫؽǸ߸ϵ̬ȣȻǸжҲ̫Ц˰ɣ
˵֮ûƼ˷Ӧôһ£¸ҪӲգǿд
ǲԼΪĻҲûбҪǵɫ
¸ͨһ㣬½ƾԼ顣
ʮƲ˼ҵ̬ȣȻҲͲҪǼȥ
Ȼ֮ʱƼҴͻȻһˡ
ȥʮֵĽֱ֮Ӿ͹˴룬ϷƼҼƼҸ߲㱨
ˣ
˻һڵ˶һӴԭλվȥǼޱȡ
ΪϢζƼԭʼڴڱչ״̬أǿĻһİ
ֻҪһǾȫʲôɧźʹѹ
ȻһǴȴʲôϢٴ˾֮С
Ƚ¸谲ԺУȥѰ棡
ƼҼԸķԸҲҪӳ
ǻΪ¸赽ͷֻϿǵȻʶõ¸ЩԴǶʮġ
¸ʹ㵱Ǵ֣ǿдԼĸ뿪
Ȼ˵ƼҵأҪȥ棬Ҳֱ˳ˮۣʲôû˵Ĭ
ƼҼƺҲûԷ¸Ĵ㣬ֱӴƼҵ߲һͬƼ֮ıչ֮ء
¸У¸ֱӸԺƺҪһνǿдߵ顣
游˶㣬ĸľʵΪʹġԲĸûúõչ㣬ⷽ˴졭
һԺڣԼŮǸҲʵΪ˶еΡ
Ȼ¸ôΪ
Ϊ֪ԴҲʮֵΪģҲԼҪĸ׵ɡ
͸ϽЦҡͷԼĸװο
ף˵ʲôǸְİɣһҲ뿪
ҪԼĸһͬӳƼҵĻ˵ʱǿͻȷʵҪһʵġ
ȻлܣȴûϤεĻܷᱻ
Ƿ¸ϸ룬ŤͷԼĸ˵ףϢ״̬һ뿪ġһҪϢãȥ۲һµΣ£㲻õң
ֻܴЦݵ˵ͷҲ֪˶ȥصˣûŷ¸裬Ҳȥˣûж
Ϊ徲֮£Ҳϣ¸ܹ˳˳ġ
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395 

Ƽҵ˻ΪͻȻΪͻƣԸԵʮ˷ܡ
ܹͻƵĻǾͿ˵ǲҪٴֱΪǳҽһµµ״Ϳˡ
ҲΪڽӵصϢ֮Ҫڵһʱ֮ھ͸ϵֳ꺮ůԭ
ƼҼ߲ͣظϵߣ֮ȫûںһʹɫʮ˷ܵѯʡ
ףһͻȻأΪͻƣΪϴѹ鼱ýͷöǵȵĳأ
˵⻰ĲǱˣƼҼ
ȻĻ֮ȴû¶ϲɫԭŵ۾
˫۾˪ԵЩǣ˵ĻҲǸ˵Ĵ𰸣Ҳôôġ
ҵҲ룬ȻȲҪеôϲˡΪһҳزΪͻƣǶγͻʧܣѾҪ;ƿˣ
˻һ˵ƼҼڵƼҵĸ߲ԱɫһҲû뵽Ȼӭ˽
Ƽ˵һĻ˵ѩϼ˪
ΪǼͲǷǳĺãֱǿҪߵ˾·ϡ
ʱǵȴ;ƿݣֱǸеޱȵľ
һ°ɣԼƼҹ䡣
Ը֮󣬾ͷҲص뿪
ƼҼһЩ߲ԱҲ֪пҪΪĴɢɢġ
ȻҲûҪٲֹĴ㣬Ҳôȥˡ
οѾûκε˼ȥ飬Ϊµ״˵ʮֽƵġ
Ļ϶Ҫһ½ĶԲߡ
ǸԵЩƼݣһ֪˲ýʮֵּ⡣
Ҫ˵ƼչҲһˣһͻʧܾѾǶĴǳĴˡ
ֹƼ˻˶еʧھҲΪܵ˲СĴ
һҪɢɢĵΪҲ⡣
ȻƼҺɽйʱǡһȥ˸еʮ׽С
ǸմԺڿεķ¸衣
ƼܱһüĿˣԷ¸̬ȸʮֵá
ԭеĽԼδİˣҲаٷ֮ٵİ̬ȣΪѯ
λСʲô벻ĽҰģκˣ㣬ҲԵ֡
⻰˵ƽ׽ˣƼȫûԼݣҲܶԷܹܲϳԼ
ֻΪ鲻ãԾŶԷ磬Ȼ󻹲ѯԷڴ˴Ŀġ
ҲǸԼһ˴ɢɢĵġ
¸̧ͷƼ濴ȥһӣĵҲ˲١
λƾճֵ˲Ӿ游ĸоüĿˣƼʵ̫Ѱҡ
Լĸ֮⣬ǰƼΨһһ᲻һʮкøеˡ
ûʲôҲֻ⸽ѣлǰģ
ĻƼҲִš
Ȼλû˵ʲô¸ͺʲôֺ񿴳ʲôƼѯ
ǰҿǲʲôʣʹ
⻰ƼΪԼеźȻȻЩʧ䣬ȴɵҡҡͷԷ¸ʾˡ
ʹֻڽһЩ;ƿݵ˼ûа취ټͻƣԵЩ
ĻԶƼһС̸飬Ҳƽȵ̬ڶԴ¸裬ȫûںʲôݡ
ԼеЩźȴûйַ¸ֱײǹϣ˿Ρ
Ȼ¸ȴҲΪ˾ʹϽƽϣΪһ㣬ҪŰ취екøеǰ
ǰʵһöҩֻҪ˱ĻҵǶٶͻƵܻɶȫûлתأǰԸţ
¸һ˵ţһߴռóһöԪ󹧾ĵݸƼ档
ƼΪȻǲ̫ԸŵģȻȴĶڷ¸𾴣ԾЦĽӹԼԪҳŷ¸л
Слĺ⣬ˣҲлл⣬Ҫͻơ
֮Ϊ˱ʾԼ𾴺ȫΣƼֱӵŷ¸ѵҩȥ
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396 Ƽ

ԪЧû˿ɵƼڳԪ֮󣬾͸оڵ˷ǳԵı仯
֮ڶһȣȥͷ·ʲôůע룬ŵϽԭؽд
淢֣ԭڱɢԪھȻøӵȹһЩ˻ͻ֮ơ
˵ĪľϲƼҡڲҪĴ԰ġ
Ƽ浱ȻϣԼܹһ㣬Լֹ
ҲЩ˼飬Ϊ֮ǰδһöҩǿЧ
еЩϲͬʱԼֱǼ˱
Ǿֱӵɴ۾ǰ֪˭С˹ȥҴż˼ѯ
λСǺҲ
֪Է²֪ԼƼҵ棬ԼҲ֪ԷʵݾȻܹ͸Լóĵҩ
˵ǰǳæȻҪ˽һݡ
¸ԷѯʣҲûκμ˼ֱƼ̹֮ǰһС
ϾоʮкøУԶ˵Ҳûʲôܹǰǰ˵Ļ
ǰܻ֪ƼҴСʧɢѾõŮһһЩƼ˷϶ز
⻰ƼȻȻžͱЩɸ
ȫû뵽ȻԼһ֮˾ܵǱ֮˵Ĵѹ
⵱ȻöԼҵȺͷ˸еЩˡ
̵ּĽһ£һŵ˽⣬¸֪ԭԼ֮ˣȻƼҵ档
Ҳ֪¸边ȻܵԼĺǵ˼ѹ¾Ȼ˶ĵ̬ȱڡ
ʵ̫ˣⲻǽһǳƴõ˲ԽԽԶ
¸˱󻹴ƼҼȥʦ
ʱѾڴ֮ϣƼ¸ֿ֮󣬾ϳ
û뵽ȥɢɢģôͻˣٴιһƬʰ
ȻȴûиƼҼӣǵǰһͷ䡣
ɵĺ£Ůôһ£ôܽĺԽԽԶ̬ȶԴ˼ңҽ̳ĺö𣿡
һ⻰ƼҼһѾµ˾ʲô
ȻĻȴҲܹ˵ˣΪϸĻЩطȷʵԼĲԡ
ףȻƼҵ߹ȥ£ҲһֵΡ
ҲΪԸָ飬ֵĹϣ˱˿ɳ֮
һҪͷһĻҲֻĬĬܡ
ڽһ֮Ҳˣ
ȻҲûκεİ취Ψһİ취ǼԼļͷ
Ҳûбİ취ˣȻңҲбãҳƼһƬΡҲް취ֻؼ˺Ƥˣ˵ƼѾǰΧҶ˵飬ƼҾԲܹ׸Ҫ
Ƽ˵һ˼ѾԲҪƴһ˿Է˺ƤҪټηͷηβĵͷڹˡ
ǵļûκεĺôֹԨ֮Уʱʱ׸İϵ⡣
Ƽһ˿ǾԲ鷢ġ
ڸԼԸԼһЩ֮ͺԥسƼң㵽ؼȥԼֻһʵҲǺֱӹȥ
Ϊ·ϣƼҼѾƼһŵĽ͡
һеȥƼҲѾĺܡ
ǿɱ裬ԼûʲôҲһҪƴһ˿Լļͼǡ
һƼؼ֮󣬾̳Ǽ˽
ؼϣܹһĽΪұչصʱ֮ڣǾȻ˾ĵز浱ƼҺ𣿡
ȻһȻؼؼҵҲȷӼȴûеõκεĻӦ
϶һ̬ƺ˶еġ
ƼЩֵʱ򣬴ؼ˵߳һˡ
˲ǱˣǶ־ҿȥݹؼ档
һЦʮſһƼ֪϶ûͻƳɹǾʮŵض˵ѣұչذѾͻƶɾͰʥҲҳʱ˰ɣ
-

397 Ժ

ؼ汾Ǹ̵ģȻҲײ
ɷ˵ֱǰƼ涯֡
ƼõǰֹΪԼļһһأȻȴǡؼĳء
һ֪ԷķһҲҪԼ⽣ӰԲаòˡ
˵ǶԷļĲԣȻҲ֪ؼǾԲΪڮǼЩ󱲡
᲻׵ĸԼ֣Խȫû·ġ
ؼѲɾ͵治ҵЩ󱲾ʲô£
Ƽ汧һ˿ϣҧŶԷѯʡ
Ϊǿ֮ĩ˵˷¸ԪԼԪȹ̣ҲֻܹԷֶѡ
ĴҪⳡ򶷳ȥĻԼԲǶԷĶ֡
Ϊ˱Ľ˲ңƼҲֻܼϣؼ滹һ˿֪Ȼһ˿ϣǺܿˡ
ֻؼһȻʹųƼ
ҹʲôԵɣֻҪʦ飬Աļ嵽Щʲô¶ҵ£ֻҪΪǳˡ
⻰ƼҼҲ˰أҲ˵Լ֮ǰƶϰ㲻
Էһ令̵ģԼ˵ʲôҲЭµҲֻƴһˣϾҲûİ취
Ƽ˱Ҫ̾ȴʼûֻ̾ǲһԼĵ
תֱ۾üᶨ˶ԷҳŶԷȻ˵ĻǾֱӿʼɡ
ߡؼһߣȻȫƲƼ档
ȻԷѾô˵ˣҲȫûбҪ顣
ǾֱӽԼĶԥŶԷȥ
ƼֻеҵĶȻԷȴûɱ֣ƻء
Ҳ֪ҲֻǿʱҪòˣǾٱʹʱҪһЩ¾Ʋġ
ĽԼҵ϶ȥؼܻûôʶࡣ
ȻƼһȴϾͻ顣
ʽʮֵңЩոճصƼˡ
棬ʯ֮侹Ҳϰٸغϡ
ʱ˿̣ƼҼѾƣˣӸߴ£ԭȻһЩۡ
۾ֻܰţͷҲ¶ϸܵĺ飬ĵѱû׵ͷ𽥵ıЩ
Ƽ治ɵÿЦѵǲһ׼𡭡
ȷԼʵˣۿԼҪ;ƿˣȻԷȴܹͻưᣬ֮Ĳࡣ
ƼܾԼʱ˿̵вԷҲģȻ˭ܹأ
ҵʷˣҪҲ˵λ
ȻԷȴͻƣԼȴٳûУ⵽ǻŬ
Ƽ֮ʱؼȴȫûзŹĴ㡣
ֻٴĶҪʱصĽƼš
ۿǧһ֮ʣ˶ɵõĵһȴһ˴ԶݵȻˡ
ؼα˴󶯸ɸꣿҵͣһͣ
ǹؼʱȴ˳溰ͣԴҶĽĿһ˹ȥ
Ҫһȴ־ѧԺԺݵ
ѧԺԺ˭˲֪˭˲һȻһˡ
ʵؼƼڻΪʵҲĴڲˡ
ֶһѧԺԺУϷ˶Ҫˡ
ȻԺҲǺ̯ˮȻ֪⣬Ѿû˿Գͣˡ
ǲͣĻ黹֪ᷢչΪεȵزҲֻ
ȻȴҲ˭ģδصؼͲ֪ԷʵԼȴҲֲӣֱӲĻ
ȻѾˣﻹֵܹͣĵˡѴˣ
˵֮ͼ۶Էһϸ¡
ȻõԼһУȻԷ׾ٵĸӭ
ĳؼһݣŷԭѧԺԺҲͻư³סԼҲʱġ
ûʵȻ
ǲҪӣҲҪԷˡ
ˣܹóԼǸոͻƾͼųأԷͲ֪Լþͻ˰ʥʵΪԶԼ֮ϡ
ܹƽֵĻҲȻͣ£Էһѵ
ǶԷΪԼ֮ϣǾȫ֮ӲӲˡ
ؼҲòƽϢԼĵŭǿջЦĸѧԺԺһӡ
-

398 ٴαչ

ԷУѧԺԺҲ֪ԼĿѾˣǾûټǾȥıҪ
һֱ֣Ӹؼǡ
ҲѾͨˣǱԺҲڴľиˣ
˵֮תͷһƼ棬Ƽм֣֮˱һǰһ뿪ؼҡ
Ψؼһߺ޵վԭأƺǶǳĲ
ȻٲҲûκε취
Ϊµ״һβƼһĻ¾ҪѾﵽʥóһʱյѧԺԺˡ
Ǿ˽ôһ£ԭռϷȴͻȻ·磬ôܾ׵ưոݣ
Ȳ˵ؼ棬ؼ˶ͨͨЩ
棬ɲܾôѽܹպ˵ǻһ
ǰ桭
һؼ׼һĶʼԷ
Ȼǲģؼķ
һôһ˵Ƣʱˣǵ
޷һԾˣٴαչꡣһأضѧԺԺҲҵĽ£
˷·ܿؼȼŵһȻȴеɡ
ΪҲ֪ΪԼ֮š
Ҫ˵ѧԺԺʵǲͬѰҪҲǸλá
οѾﵽʥˣѲؼʱʹﵽĸ߶
˵֮ѧԺԺҲǳģôܻޣ
»Ҫӳۡ
ؼôܿԼ˵˼ܿʹԼ˵жǾЩʲô
ȻʮʱţŻὫ⻰˵ĳڡ
ʲôϣҲûбҪԼˣͽԼؾ˵˳ڡ
֪Щ󱲶Щʲôʵڱչ֮ǰõһؼѧŵϰʥ
˻һؼ˶ʱȻԭ֮ǰչؾķӡ
ҪһؼôۿѾɾʥ֮ǿ˵ľͺް
Ȼ˵Ļ꣬˵ڱչ֮ǰһĳԽԭƼˡ
ܹ֮ר־ﵽѧԺԺĸ߶ȣҲһ¡
ףΪаĶ
ؼҼ̽Ҫ֪ĻؼǿһٳԽңĵλֱӳΪ۶Ĵ֮
ʵҪԼ˵ؼԭ˵ʱ򣬾ѾҪôˡ
ֻЦЦͽǱЯŵؼѧ˵˳֣صؽؼҼС
ұ˸룬ȻطҲ˶ܹõġҽ㣬ϣܽеϵһ˾ͲҪ̽ˣ
õطѧؼҼֱͿҪ˫۷Ź⡣
֪طãҪҲԼڰ֮ھֱӽڰʥ֮
ڽӹⱾؼ֮ؼл
л棬ϵһضطȥϷģ
Լĺ˵ĻؼȻ֡
ֻЦݵĵ˵ͷ̲סԸ
мǣұչص֮ڣҲһҪ躹ޣݱܷâҪͷ֮ؼ֮ʱ
һϯ˵ؼѪڣƺһѾá
½֮ؼֻܾصչذ֮أٴνбչĴ֮
ؼҲȷķԸ֮
ԭǿͷ¸ĸŮҶ嶼Ĭ
ؼҵҲʲôˣ𽥵ľƽϢ
ڲҸһ䣬ǸƼһԴϢĻᣬҲٵǴ¡
ȻƼҵԴϢ֮ȴҲû˶ͣ
Ȼڵ۶֮ĶҸһˣǱ黹ûг׵Ľ
ؼҵ߶Ѿ˻ȥǱȴһûĻԱҪ̽
ƼҼʱҵĸ߲㿪һЩСᣬ¸顣
һΪ¾ûô򵥣Ҫ÷¸ĺǿǱҵĻǾͱҪ£ĸŮ
ȴԶֹô򵥣Ϊֺγû飬Ȼոոʵֱӱɱҡ֮С
Ϊ¸ȫӡ
ǸĳҪѧԺУûлҵĴ㣬λϲҪΪ˷ѾĻˡ
-

399 һž

Է¸豾˳ܾȴһ˰ҲͷƼҵĳҲΪ
ͷҲֻܻȥƼҼ߿ࡣ
ƼҼô׾ٵط¸裿
ܾصԭңǺôҲҪڣû£ǵĻһʶĵƣ
ǼһˣǲռĻǼֱõѼӷˡ
²ףڻûлصѧԺ͸ϽȰ裬ʵڲоøֶָΣǿн
˻һƼҼԥǴͷ˴ʹֱԺӡ
Ȼ˻û߳ճ˴ûжãֱӱƼײ˸š
Ƽ棬ԵмȻƼҼ鲻ѡ
Ҳֻܹ򶨣Ƽѯʡ
ףǡ
ʲôģǻ᲻֪𣿡ƼǺЦݾͷ¸мƣȻ˵Ļȴ˲
ôһ˵Ƽ˶ʱǺͼƼҼȻҲټװɵ
Ҳֻԭһ״̬Ӧеӣ͸Ƽ
ûи̹ҵȵĲԣǷ¸ȻܷŹͲһɫĺô
ҵĺ󱲣Ͳǿ飡ɻ֪游
˻һƼҼЦһҶʱȻҲ˵һ仰
Ƽ̬ҲԣȻƫ̻¸ġ
Ƿ¸ǰƼˣصƼңֻҪƼİģͲܹв֡
Ƽ˾ʲȴҲֻǿţҲҲȥˡ
ǡʱбӥʿӶִʵҪҪԼһžۡ
ڵ֮󣬾ͼԼŮϵ
¸ڵõϢ̵֮ӭԼĸףյűбײ˸š
ף
η¸赱СŮһģֱ˵˷бĻС
бȻѾһ˳ɫŮȴ̬һ绪ӡ
Ҳڵ꾩ǵһеĳƺţһǾǵפΧۡ
¸˴˴˸ǿŮ˭Ƕ˾ǸŮϵ
ĿһĻΧۣҶ̾ѡ
ò仯Ϊϲˣ
бһ߱סеķ¸裬һ߶Цš
һŮϵܰһĻʱԱͻȻһˡ
ǰþòҰϴչ˵Ĳɣ
¸ƬͷȥϤ˾Ȼǳۡ
ԭԼĸһǣǡɰѳ۴ߣǷ¸̲סȤ
㣿һƽղܰϸʲôæŰߣûȥһЩ񣡡
⻰ʱп಻
ԩ⻹Ϊ̫ǰصϴҵ˳ȥһͬϴǰϲǣ
⻰ЦһţбһСӶҲˬʵЦݿǡ
Цֹ֮󣬷¸֪ԼĸһǣеıȻֻԼԼĸס
ڹ۲˰θ׵ɫ֮󣬾
ףӶֵǵס޶ѾźˣǾһͬȥƼҼĸһɡδһμҵʱ򣬾и䣡
⻰бһ˿೤ᡣ
ȻΪĹϵѾδ˼ͬʱҲЩɡ
Ƽҡ
²õģǾȵƼȥʱȻ˳ǰƽ
¸֪ԼĸڵʲôſģҪΪԥ
Ů֧֣бĿҲᶨ˲٣Ƕ˴ųۺӶһǵĿջ
źʱס֮󣬻صذ˻ʳ
Ӷǳĺģϴô˺õĴȻҲİá
˵Ǹ˷бô꣬Ҳ֪бųҪЩʲô
ֵܹ飬ʧȥûгɨˣף
ϴ󣬿ɱʱ˷˾Щˣ
˻һֺЦһš
֮¸ʹŷбƼңδ뾹
беɻ֮ʣȴҲû˼ģĶǼ
Խ¸ͣ㣬ȫĹΧ顣
֪֮ǰ¸ϢѾһдˡ
ԼĳͷĬĬ֧ţټƼͦ˼˶Էбĵûκε
-

400 

бͷ¸һ·ͨԺӡ
ҲԼŮ˵бֻûһͬǰȥӼ
ΪԵʣҲΪҪԼԺﾫĴһ
ԶнŲʱȲĴԼ˳бײ˸š

бһǰ§˻
Ǹŷбкˮȴٳٲ֪˵ʲôǺá
ױޣȻΪ໭ױݾͶҪˣ
һ⻰Цʱԭĸ˱ܰ
ʵױҲʮֵŨأ˾ʮֵҲʮʮӡ
¸仰ֻϣԼĸײҪһž۵ʱ̿ˡ
ʵһ˵бǿǾǡ
ȻһɵȴһӶŵŶӣҲѳһͬ㣬Ҳϣǡ
Ҳ˵˵һž۵ĳ÷бػǵ˼
ȻҪԼļ˳þõڴžۣû˱˵͸ļᶨˡ
͸ɴһӶŵŶ
ӥʿӶŵųбʵֻ֮ǰһֱȱһܹǴչֵƽ̨
µǣͷ·÷бصԭս
ڶ̶̵İ֮ڣӥʿӶžѸ
ټϷ¸ڰеĬĬ֣ȻѾܹﵽߴӶŲˮƽ
׵ӶѾŵ̶ֳȣ¸Ҳ
ԼĸƼ˳ֻԶϡ
¸Ҳ˲٣ͻصѧԺһͬ
ҷ¸ԯ䶼Լʵ˼ĽչܹչĻȻдͻơ
ٻصѧԺ֮Ƕ˾˫˫Ҫչ¿ɰξǸˡ
ǰɣ¸裬ԯǲŸոջҪչֱǶȺֵܰ㶼
ξпӣ˶ЩЦ
ȻξҲ˶ȻĻᣬҲֻЦ˵˵ѡ
һС֮󣬷¸ԯֱӿʼչ
Ǳչֵ֮ҲȺ˱չؽ׶ΣȻǶԼʵһõʱ
һչؾǰʱȥ¸ԯʵ֮ʵķԾ
Ѿʮ־˵ˣؼһ˰꣬ؼѧȴҲֻǴﵽ˰ʥ֮ѡ
һһԱȵĻ¸ԯ츳ֱĴڡ
ȻǸոճأ͵õһȫµϢ
¸裬ԯǳˣҪѧԺˣһβ꼶ʤ˿ԴѧԺǰμĹ䣡
ξϢ¸ԯȻǲʲôĹ䡣
ξǶԴ²˽⣬ǾͿʼֱӶ渵
ڴʱ¸֪ԭ½ֻе۶һǡ
һǡ۶ǡ¡
ǧ֮ǰĹ֮սϣ֮ɵ۶ͷǩ˺ƽԼ
֮ĹŻ೸⣬ַҪȻǽ죡
ξ˵֮ƺпѣͷ·˸飬Ҵʱһж˵Ŀһ
¸轫˽Ĳˣξ˵Ҳεҡҡͷ
Щ㶼˵ˣҪȴˡĹ便ʲôϽǽͽͣ
ⲻǻиξ˰֣ͼǽ
˵ǻַÿ궼ҪٰһĹ䣬ΪԱɫ˲ţҲԼϣ˵˾һ԰ڵʽȥ󱲣ɶϵҫһԯһҪƴȫ
˵¸ԯǶôһ¡
ĹÿҪһεطУһǡɵ
ҲɸȥμĹĻᣬξôһ˵ЩȤҲҪһϸ£ǰȥ۽硣
Է¸ԯһĬĶ롣
Ĺֻ߸£ԸѧԺҲѾʼ׼ˣĿľΪԼѧԺ֮ҵ˲š
پ۵һѡǰʮһͬμĹ䡣
ܹѡγģǾĲˣʮȻǳ
ѧԺȻҲǡɸѧԺȣԸɴһ͵ĴҶ
һεѡξ͸ΪϸһЩϾҪһѡ͵˲ţȻҪſ۽硣
ܹıаεͷǱȻһϵҫ
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401 

ǵѧԺʲôʱʼ¸ڰѻͷ˵ϡ
ξҲһ˼ӡ
СϢͦͨģϢҲûõϣôҪ㶼ƽЦ
ܰôҪ𣡹ơҲ˰ɣξͷ
һӾͲµõ϶ǲǵþҪʲôʱŻῪʼѧԺˡ
Һó⣬Ҳˡ
Ȼ¸ԯ֮ǰһֱڱչأԶ鲢˽⡣
ȻԺҲֻгƽһͳ绹ǷǳĿ׵ġ
ѧԺȾһܺˣ˵γʱǴһܣȵѧԺȸտʼٱˡһ˵š
Ļ䣬ҲӦ
ǵģѧԺΪҪӢԽӼȻǰٰ죬ʱҲü˼Ӱ⣬༶ѧԱǶбμӵġֻҪϳлᣬԼȫԲμӣҲʡ˲¡
⻰¸ͬ˼ĵ˵ͷ
ȷҲһ£һҪǿÿһμӡ
ڽʡʱͬʱҲܹЩˣԲϳѧһЩ档
ǲ֪᲻һЩ뱨ѧˣֿǺСģҲᷢ
ˣ¸裬ԯҲˣǺúõ׼׼ɣǵ֪Ϣ࣬Ѿ׼ĲˡȻѧԺ־ҪʼǸճأҲӦÿʼ׼ˡƽʼѷ¸ԯˡ
ȻĻ˵꣬ͱξ˻ȥ
㣬һ˼ҵʵҪ׼ʱֱӾװܹͷ
ˣƶ¸ԭ˼Уξôһ̲סЦ
ƶǿԣξɷн£ǲ֪ò׳أܸܲǰһٿⰡ
Ҫ֪¸ԯ뿪ôʱ䣬ֱ֮ӱչأǷǳ¸գҵ˺þٿأ
ãʳȥ׼Ͱţξӣ¸ֱӴӦˡ
ξҲĺܣϣȥ
ʱһת۾˰ʳĶ׼Ĳˣ¸Ҳ㿾⡣
ڿ֮ǰѼСӵĳԱҲԺӡ
ΪҶǺѹϵԼѼСӵĸλԺУҲԺеλͬסѸе⡣
˵֮ǰҲǾԺؾۣһͬģԴҶĳϰΪ
ֻǺóʱδһòͣԵһЩĸо
ѽһԺԿⶼ֪ʲôʱˣڼֱ˵ûһݰϼһ߳ſ⣬һ߼ֱҪҸĵᡣ
ϼô£ɲһԸѽѫһ߳⣬һ߿źϼЩĿɿڴ˼߻һֱſ⡣
Ů˶ģƸУ
ϼҲඣ
˺һһ͡
ɺϼֻǺƢĵһۣҲû˵ʲôͰĿƿˡ
ɰѴһùǺΪϼ淢ʲô¡
¸ֱӴźϼѯʡ
ϼôˣôоһƲֵӣ
¸ѯʣϼɫ֮ǰһصӡ
ҲûʲôепѡһδڵΧһԿ⣬Ǻܾúܾ֮ǰˣ΢һЩˣ
ʵǶû뵽ϼƸеģϾƽǰһ𱬵
ȻŮҲʮֵԣȴΪֲСڣ벻Ƹеʱ
Ϊ˲ȥҶûʲôܹתƻ⣬ɢһºϼע
ϣ뵽˷ӣһ¾ͰѻͷˣϾҪٰѧԺϡ
ˣǲôصĻ⣬˵˵ϾҪٰѧԺȰɣǰǶμҼֳģ
ϣĻŰע׵תˡ
ϼҲٶƸУӿ˹ȥ
һ˵ĿⶼԼϣ̲˼ЦЦְ˰֡
˶лᣬܱĻͶһ£
ӵĻ䣬ϣ̽˲磬ӵĻ
ֳ⸱ǫӣʵ⼸ǳŬأʵҲ˷ǳһֱչʾһ¶ѣ¿лˣ
ϣĻЩ˼˺죬ҪЩʲô
¸ڼСӵн飬ȻǱοԸɴʹͷ
нǺ£ûбҪҴţǴҶѣڴܹѧԺһչ֣
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402 ĴԺУ

˷¸Ļŷ࣬תҲ͵Ȼ
ԭҲûʲô飬ֻЩ˼ǰչʾԼʵˡ
ʵҲһֽΪǫı֣ӱҲûʲôֵ԰ڵġ
ʼʱŬеԭΪ˲ҪԼܴ֮ǰĽ׶ΣϣԼܹһ㡣
Լǰһ¸ʧȥϵûзģĬĬŬš
һΪŷ¸ǲ¡
ǾԼû˿ˣҲһҪԼŬ
ǡ˶ۼһ𣬶¸ԯѧԺȺĹ鶼̫˽⡣
Է¸ֱǰ飬ϣܹһ¾ôһ£Ҳ˽һϸ̡
Ĺ䵽ʲôҲѾ˽ĲˣôαʲôģҪڱѧԺ֮ȥѧԺͬȽ𣿡
Ϊ¸ǰͲ½ˣҲٻ½һЩϡŹֵ˽⡣
˵δȹʱ⣬͸˵ҪȥμĹѡ˲ŵ˽ˡ
˶һֱ½ģǰһҲûбչأӦǶһε⡣
÷¸Ҫѯһ¾ôһ£ҲȥֽԺǡ
Ȼξÿ춼һɵӣǶЩ˽⣬ǰֲ
ϾҲЩȤԴСС鱨ԡ
پ¸ôһξɴͱų̵ֶԭʵҲΪãɴĸ¸轲
ǰһԺУǵƾͲö˵ˣ⣬ֱǺ䡢硢ǡº䡣
š¸ͷӦţʵЩѧԺͷƺҲȽͨҲҪй⡣
ϾѧԺȥѧԺȻҲҪй˽⣬ξҪܵĶ
ÿѧԺԼԺУڽѧԺȣĿΪѡÿѧԺнΪѧڲǰʮлѧԺͬһܾͬ۶ǰʮʮ˱ܹͬȥĹˡ
˵֮ξ˶٣ֿƺزһ䡣
¸ǲõģѧԺҲûʲô̫ǵǰʮ϶ɵˣ
¸üڳҲûз˼
ϾǶϿɷ¸ԯģҲһǼСӣԺȺǿġ
ԲܹάҲǵ
ξĹҲûнܵʮȫ棬Լûм˵ٴθ¸貹
һѧԺȾԳǩһһʽ֮ǰȲࡣֻų̭֮̂ûиһֱȥķʽ󡣡
ķʽǼ򵥴ֱͬʱҲǲ̵ģΪⲻκ˻ᡣ
ֻһССʧ󣬾пöԷܣҲǴȫʵûκλתء
˵֮󣬷¸ԯǶһεѧԺԼҪԵĶһȫϸõ˽⡣
ڱԣǲĵģҲȫûҪϵ˼
ҲУΪӵʮʮţ
ΪԼĶֻ˭ʲôˣҲԴȫӡ
˵ɱ˼ְǿȱ⣬ʣµǶ𣿡
⻰ǳƽʵģ˵ҲǼӰ౻ǿȲˣȻȴǺܹԼһͬǷ񶼲ⳡԡ
ʵҲʳڳĳЩ˵֮ԻʣΪ֮ǰȵʱˡ
ͬһҲͬԴº
Ϊڳ˲μӵԽ࣬ϵļҲԽǻǲӰ顣
»򲻹Էֻ˵ԷʱҪˮ
Щǲõĵ飬ǻǾûһЩΡ
ϾĴ򶷣Ҫƽͣһǳ֮ѵ顣
÷¸ԯ˵Ĵ򶷣֪ʲôĽҲ֪˻ʲô̬
ϾǴδ
ڳ˳ƽѯ֮󣬼
Ҳϼֱӣμ˾ǲμˣûμӾûμӣӦҲˬ졣
ֻȫʼʱһƸеӣȻࡣ
˵鶼˿ԥֱӾ͸˴𰸡
Ҳμˡ
˻һ˱⣬Ҳ֮С
˳ҲΪЩƲֵԭ
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403 

Ҳþ̫ھȣѾ˵飬ȻҲҵ̬޹أԲذοҡ
ϼ˵˼ҲֱֱȥĽҵĹǸ˵˳
տʼʱ˻Դ±ʾǣҲ͸ϼһ𽥵ķſˡ
Ͼ˶ô˵ˣ˽ȺǶ֪ʱ˿̲ǿջЦǳǿ
ϼҲȷӵģȻܶʱ򶼱ȽϺʤҲȷûʲôĻͳǸϣܹǵĹһӡ
ƽʱпһֱֱȥַǳиԵĴڡ
Ȼеʱ򣬾ԼҲ֪Լ˼ηչġ
һͻĲμⳡˣҲһβԼȻʱΡ
ȻӮʤԺϼҲһչʾԼĻᡣ
ѡܹˣҲ˵Ρ
ԴҲϿľû϶˵
⣬ڳϣΪСΪҲǱȽϵ£ͬѡ˲μα
ĽͣҪԵϸ࣬ȻסԼĸ첲ȻŴҲ˼ЦЦ
һξͲμαˣҪרĵĸֳͣ
˵֮ö˻һۣ˶Цˡ
ܰķΧξض㡣
ۣΪûһã
⸱˵ĻҶ÷ǳĺЦ
ʱǶݵģһС;ۻ֮󣬴ҾͶͶ˻ȵ׼С
Ͼһ֮ѧԺȣܲĻǲģоʱ˿̹æµֵĻˣ˭ҵ
ڼά˹һֵܻ˷¸ǵԺһˣǰݷãҲǰĻ
˵ҺͰһǼװ౻ǿƲμӵģȻҲⳡǳȤԵʱҲڴǽ֣
ά˹һǵԺУԯ仹з¸˵ĻԵúܡ
ξǶڰɵõĿĿɿڴ
ξ˳ø첲˶Եĳ磬С˵ô¶ô¸ԯȥһͱˣһ̺ҲˣôǰҲЩǣά˹ô£
ʵξ˿ǻǺûм¸ԯʱ֮ڣǱ˾ʲô
Ȼȴ֪ҶֵһͬʧѧԺؾ飬֪ôһʱ֮ڻ
ȻȴҲû뵽չ֮죬Ȼͷչ˺ѡ
һصֵŰݷõܵѣʮֲˡ
ʵҲǰ֮ˣҲֻǵƳø첲˶Լξһַۣǳƽ
֪ⶼԯ¸֮˽£ʵĻҲȥǡ
Ȼ˵⻰ʹȫ֪
ЦûһͬȥЩ£ô֪ʲôȻ޴˽ġ
ξûټ磬ר־ع۲˷¸Ǳߵ
ǱҲĵúܻһǿʼǵĶԻ
˵ҲڸջصѧԺʱͽбչˣҺֳҲǸոճأ벻˵ļƻҲ֮ɣ
һĻ˶ЦЦ
Żû˵Щʲôһֽ˸ˣҿźĶ˵
˵һȥμĹĻҲʮֲ׵ģܾˣһһͬȥĹĻǼֱ̫ˣ
˵⻰˵ǰ㲻٣һͱȽϲ顣
֮ǰʱӳ֮λҲʮҹһ㡣
һ쵼ǳǿҲƺ顣
ҲСйأûôصİĻôһֱ׷Щ
ֻ⵹Ҳʲô£һͬȥμĹĻ൱ļɡ
Է¸ֱЦŻظά˹һȷһûᣬǶҪϧҺԯҲڴھ
򵥵ֵ֮Ҳ뿪ξǲŴӰ˳
ξһƨ˷¸ǵĶ棬̲ס˷ܵشȤ
¸裬ôһ£ųȥþͻôˣʱ֮Ƕʲô
⻰¸Ҳ̲סЦЦ
ʵҲûоʲôֻһͬ˼ξһࡣ
ټ·ϵʱ̳еУÿ֮ڲϵԽԽĬҲΪ֮
֮һЩҪд𰸵Ĵ𰸱ֱӭжˣԵֵɡ
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404 ڿʼ

ʱһζѧԺܿӭѧԺȡ
һŪñȷ¸ǰȻҪ
Ͼô˵һεֻЩһο˵ѧԺ˶Ҫͬġ
˵ÿ˶ǰ룬ȻȴҲʤԼѧԺ¶Ѫڵһ¡
Ҳ̫˷ˣǱ߸ϹȥҾ͸оѪڣԼһͬϹȥ·ϵʱ򣬸˷ܼ˵˵š
⸱˷ܵӣѫ֪ûвһεıǶûбԾ̲סԴȤ
ô˷ܣûвμӹ𣿷Ҫϳһܼˣ
ѫȤˣ¶һͲ˰ɡӣһĽ
Լ˰ȻҲμӱǲμ˵ˣǰʮǶӳǻ˰ҾͲܹǸ˸𣡡
˵ֺ֮Ŀ˹ѫùѫֱӱҭ˵
˵ĵҲеһͳ˸ˡ
ùѫҪȤ˵κδȤˡ
ǵĶԻ÷¸Լ߸һȺ
ԭǱȽһεıϳˣ˵һоûеҲǡ
Ȼôһ֣˲٣ԼĶ˭νˡ
һβֳǩб˶֪ԼʲôĶ֣Ҳǰһ֪֮и׼
¸ǡɾǵһҪϳˣֲǱˣͬм˵Ѫ顣
Ϊ˵ǵȻǲԶ
һѧԺؾ֮ڣԷҪ÷¸صġ
˵鲻֮ˣҲûʲô̫֤ݣȻ¸Ƚʶ˻˽ǰġ
ټ֪Ļһ˾񶼲һˡ
ѧԺҡڣֺĺܣҵȽ϶࣬ûʱԷƽϡ
˵ԷҲûжǼʲôʵԵ˺ҲûʲôֱӾҶԷ鷳
Ȼ飬¸ȴĬĬļ
Ӵǰ˲ôѧԺлҴҡڵ·ǲǻûԶЩƮˣ
ξһǰԶһˣͺķ
¸ԯ֮ǰʲô飬ΪһԺӵѣξ˶Դ¿˵˽ĺܣҲ˽ѯʹʲô
Ȼû֤ζԷأȻͳһҡڵӡ
ξﰵԶԷɣοԷҲ˴£Լѵȫ
ûĻ¸ԯҲεʱŻصѧԺ
ξ͸һټȻƽһɵӣȻȴ£ҲǷϵġ
Ҳ˵Ǳȷ¸ԯ˻ҪǳֻҪ֮󣬾ͻǴ򱧲ƽҾԲɫ
˵Ǿ仰ξһη¸սǡɾ飬Ǹɴִյ˷¸Աߡ
Ȼ󻹹ŷ¸˵¸裬սǸּɲôءҲҪΪԷͱǸߣ΢ϵĳɷ֣Ͷ鰡ҪɱƬײʱӮ˸Է
ξһ˵ţòôǻһƵǱߡ
ģֱǺ޲öԷԼĻԼĻĲһ
¸ֲǺԶȻ⻰˶
Ƣôһ㶼죿
⻰ֱӻعͷݺݵؿ˷¸衣
ֽĿƵξͷϣȥָξ
㼸˼ﰵĳ˭أ
ӴⲻؼҴүͷҸòǳԼ˰ɣаǸָҪٲջȥĻҾֱӰιܰϾҪ̨¸ʡʡ£ʡҪϵ㣡
ξһ죬Ե޻˵ҸЩ޵ݡ
ΪǼξƽȥĻͷ·ǱĳԼ֡
ǲظĻֲĳưͿ
һǸߵȺСһ̨£һԽ˻̲סȰ衣
شүˣһҪϳأһʶǰƵĻҪȡʸģǻʵʱ̨ϸһѵ
˸һ̨£Ȼ˳
ջ֣߷ߵĴԼȺԶȥ
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405 ϳ֮ǰ

ѵûмҲ磬¸˵Ҳûе⡣
ϾǰĶǶֽŵĻ¾ͻᱻȡʸ
ξҲһ֣öԷ˸ưͿ
˵Էûκػ˵ǽѣΪ¸˿ڶ
ȻһҲСģҲǱˣһ̲סѷ¸衣
¸СЩɲʲôöһ˽һ̨ˣʲôݵֶξͲˣҪŵ㡣
¸˵ͷȻҲлɳ˵ġ
ⳡξķ¸ļο뿪Ц˵š
ûʲôµģͻˣһЩӣʵϾԲʮ֮һֻҪʹԼͺˣȻҲʲô¡
¸趼һһӦˣڴ˵˵֮£Ҳܿ˱
ó⣬һԺҲӡ
֮ǰȣίϯϵԶԺӰӡ
һθ˾ۼĿԺһЩĲС
ȻԺͷ·һͣشȻʽġ
ȻȴҲЩڵģûҪǰ˵һ׵Ĵ㡣
ߵһλίֱǰĿĻ
űԺĸλѧѾ֪ѧԺȵĿģһҪԴӳԼȫʵȻҲҪйѹȫһѧԺڲбá
˵һעʽʼˡ
˵¸ǳ鵽˽ıȴǵһҪϳˡ
ڿǰ滹мҪϳбԷ¸Ҳš
˵ʵڵģͷ󣬿Ҳš
Ͼ򶷵ĻһѪڣʮж־ˡ
ڵķ¸˵Ҫǰǰ߷¸򶷣üƽκκĻ¸׵ֱӰɷҲ˵
ȻˣϾѧԺȣԺҲҪһǷ¸⴦µԭ
οһ˵ĵطԷ¸ҲžڴöԷء
¸Щ飬˶ڹۿű
ֻξΪ׵ļԵЩƺԴȫȤ
ֻξܻĴһĹǷͳԵļλ˵ǰһҲ̫˰ɣкüˡлûʹֱöſˣҪܴ򵽶ԷϿ»е㿴ͷ⡭
ۿξϾҪĳƽϽס͡
ڣ˵ôĿŵвУôһЩɣҪˣõ˰˼ұ̭ڱԵɵãһֱ˼ҵ油
Ȼƽôһ˵ֽĿͶǼ̭Ҵͷɥ³˵˵ϡ
ɿǵͬһξɨ
ֻҪξܹǾͻͬʳһĳξ˺һ
ξԸǵҲ˿Σ壬˵ֱֱȥ֪
٩˵ӣԼԷξξҲ¡
ͱƽסˣ׶Էۣͷ·ڳЦԷһ̬ҪǷжǷᡣ
¸ûסһЦ˳ǵ˶ķȥ
¸æ˲ҪЦ۽ǣ͸Ͻ˰֣ʾ˲Ҫ⡣
ǸξǸӣʵ̫ЦˣûסֱЦˡ
¸趼ģ龹ࡣ
ξֱӽͷ˷¸ϣҿʼԵ٩
Ҳĵģƺͷ·⿪ЦĻһ
¸裬ĿͷɶˡҾÿ½һĴҲֻ㲻ʧˡһҪҿʵĶԾرڶԷǸֵ£
¸ѾסЦݣȻǻŵЦ⡣
ξĻҪشһȻ죬һϳ˫ݣһǡɵ˷¸衣
һҪϳ˫ѧԱͷ¸裡
ΪǸ꼶ĹϵԲϳԱʱһ㶼ϰ˵꼶ˣ˵꼶ˡ
˵˭˵˭˶ر⣬Ϊ֮ֵʱ˵طӦԵЩȱȱ
мСļļ෢ġ
ǵн˵¸ʱ򣬳һƬмŮļаС
˽ˢˢĽĿŷ¸ķͶ˹ȥڴޱȣż˿ݡ
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406 ս

رϲ̣֮ǰά˹һֵܶһͬԸԭ򣬾ΪǶ˵ͷԼ֮ϡ
ֲڴڱ֮£ǵ˽Լķͷֱ¸˹ȥ
Ȳ˵ԷԼжд̣һͷɡ
ƾһϵðǳǺá
ȫԼ֮ǰûؾеıΪȫȫȫԷĹ
֪¸ʧؾ֮еʱվ˵ۿѾѧԺ
Ǹʱֱ׷Ǽ˺þãҲܳһʱ䶼Ʋ֮С
ĸ˵˺ܳһʱ䣬ҲƽһιȻǲˡ
оͱԵڮ٣൱䡣
˶пʼԣԭΪʧȥά˹֮ͷͻͻȻ֮ͱ١
ԭЩ׷˶Ҫˡ
ԽһϵзӦʵУҲǴһжȡ
¸Ӱôͬ죬һ飬ʲô
ξ˸ڣ˵һܹܶĻ
¸ЦҲԼȺѸԼ֮ͣͷҲص̨
վԶһ߬ȭͷһҧгݵؿŷ¸衣
¸Ų˲ӣҲʼ̨϶ȥ
˷ֱϳȴҲٲ˸һþĻڡ
˹ͬߵ̨룬¸軹鱧˸ȭ
ˡ
û˵ʲôҲģضŷ¸豧˸ȭ
ǻǺһҲŷߺ޵˼յ˷¸ǰ˵һֻüȴִżвԵĻ
¸裬ô˵ҲǰϴؾûԵͷһĻϣ
⻰¸ֱЩЦ
ȻȴƢûеЦЦƮƮػһ䡣
Կ
˵֮Ҳֱȥ׼ʼԾˡ
ۿŶԷƲԼȴֲ˵Щʲôֻܸӵҧгݡ
ȻѧԺؾһĻʱ־ˬٴЦ
̨µξʼڹ۲ߵΣǺһЦģˣξζɵˡ
ô£仯˵ķĪ⣬֪ĻΪǵ۶Ϸӳ
ۣϣСûסֱЦ˳
һͷԵļ˼˵ǺôЦ̨ϵȻ֪ôһ¡
ܾЦĲ⣬ԾͶݺݵĵһۡ
ȻҲ֪ǰҪǶԸǰķ¸裬Ҳûмǵ˼
Ҳֻһͷ·˵ţߣЦɣЦٳҲûãҾǵķ¸賢ͷ
˵գƺҪȳУΧɢ
ֻƺһЩڣ˿˼Ϊ
ôǺɫġά˹ҲԼĵ̨ܵϵ鲻ɵüͷ
Ϊһ֮ǰͷ¸һͬؾýӡ¸Լ޵顣
ɵõţòҪʲôа˰ɣ
ά˹ܿ˦뷨ΪǸý¸ԾĻ˵ģѧԺܿͻὫɱ
ô󵨣ӹҲӦĵӲŶԡ
˿ĺ֮ʱ
ֻٻıһì
üһⶫξĿɿڴȫûм˾Ȼʹı
Ϊһԣ϶ǽģŸʺˡ
øìʵ̫ЩٲҲҪһøӰ
̨ʲôӦУ龡۵ס
һֱӳƵĿ˿ڣҲ֪⻰Ƕ˭˵ġ
һìôˣҵõǳ
˵֮ǲɫȫע˳ì֮Уһųìֱŷ¸˹ȥ
һܣȻҪìֱӶ׼¸Զ룬ӼΣԵӡ
˶ɵõĽĿȫìϡ
ڳìƿն֮ʱ¸迴ȥȴ˿ĲţվԭС
Ȼһ룬°׵ļҪɢγһףڷ¸ϡ
ڳìķγһ֣ȻǷ¸еԭ
¸ѽ˵ҲǴﵽһΪˣ
-

407 

ȻǱìڣǵ˷¸ĺǰֱǺô
Ŀìŷ¸˹ȥ漣Զʲô
ٲȻͬһ¿ǽһ˿ȴʮ㡣
һĻôҾøӵĲ˼飬ֻڷ¸İɫֱӽǱìסˡ
ԭǰĿǽƺΪһ˫ε֣ǳìס˱¸ٿصļơ
Զ鰵ľͷϿʼϸܵĺ顣
ԼǱìԼƣʼͼٻأȻȴô
ô»ѽ
ͷϵĺԽԽ࣬ҲϵҪԼìٻأȴûκô
ֻĿųì¸Ҳ֪һᷢʲô
ˣҲֻԱ֮֮ѣ
¸赭һЦֱӸ飬һεԼⳤìĺʲôġ
ֻǳìѾ׵İסȫǷ¸ٲȻҪΪ¸Ķ
Ȼ¸ҲҪԷռΪУֻݵΪԼðˡ
ǳìȻ·һģܿƵ죬ֱڿն𣬱ֱ˹ȥ
ⳡɰŻˣҲûмԼȻῴˣڶԷĿ֮Լ˽й
ķӦûз¸ãֻŭĿԲؿԭԼ֯ȥĳìԼ
Ȼ⾺Ϸ¸ҲʲôķˣԲҪء
ڼ֮֮ǰһЩ뷨ⳤìǰͣ
鿴һĻһ㶣תƵĹЦһʽĶŷ¸迪˿ڡ
¸裬ҿǰΰˣƿҵ㿴ⲻǰͣ𣿹ȻģͲҪǳˣ
˵֮һٺҵĿЦǽЦݾֱӽϡ
ΪͻȻоһЦֱ֮ͣһѪĿ˳˾ϡ
ȿȡ⡢ôܣ
һŵĶӣһ˫ַŵؿԼǰѪȫ֪ʲô顣
ʼϷⳡԺ۾³֣ڳ˶ôһ¡
ɡ
⻰Ҳò˵һô벻һ㡣
Լ˿ƣͲ϶ʲô˺
ΪԼӵԼͨԵʱ򣬺пѾԷˡ
Է¸ȫɱ֣Ϳ˺ԷЧ
ΪıƿأԷͻܵСķɡ
̨ҲеͬһĿɿڴξģ˵̫ˣϲ
⻰Ȼ˵¸ģһ͸оһʶĴ˸
ɶԯĿ⣬ĿУξɱ⣬ʱ
ⳡͲҪټȥˣٲĻҲܵ˺
ʱѧԺⷽ¾ûа취ؼҽȥ˶ѧԺӰҲãԲоֱ̨㺰ͣ
ⳡʤѷ֣Ѷټȥˡ¸ʤ
Ҳͬ⣡˵⻰Ȼ顣
ǰֱ˷¸裬ôֱܻͬ⣿
ԭҪ÷¸صģҰƽϡ
Ȼȴ飬Щ͵ͬʱǲ
Լ˷¸裬Լսȥ
ȻĻ˵꣬ʮֲһѪ
оЦŶ˵ѧԺȫ㿴⸱ӣͲҪټǿȥ˰ɡ
֣ѧԺʦֱ̨ӷϣһһҵļ飬Ҫ̨ȥ
ȴͬһ޸֮ĺӡ
Ϊ±ɵء
ϾղŽǳì׳ȥʱþȫ
ԭΪ÷¸һʱԼҲܹѧԺ⡣
Ȼȴ⵽صķɣڵ˵ûκεˡ
ֻ϶ǿˡ
һ龰Ҳ֪εĲþǡ
ȥĻҲӡ
ֱ˳ˮ۵ģȺȥˡ
ȻȴҲµˣһߺҵţһ߶żȥĵʦ
ſңǷſңƲ˭أһԣһҪ÷¸
⻰һ΢еϵ˶ÿȥˡ
-

408 

Сô£˵ĻͲ±ѧԺ𣿡˵⻰ٲȻһɸֵӡ
ı磬ǰһֱ
Ϊһεı䣬ԲűѧԺٻأǰ롣
һĻЩˣ֪˵Щʲôá
Ϊĵܵܵվԭһûټȥ˵ӡ
ͷ¸ͬһ꼶ģȥ˵Ĳĸ磬
ȻžһЩĿȺؼͶ˹
עĻںҵȭߵ顣
ʱ˿̨ϵķ¸ȴûаַ糾͵ӣվԭͷ·ʲôûзһ㡣
Ҳ֤ʵЩ˻عͲ˹ȥȫͶȥ˾Ŀ⡣
ǺƮƮһ仰ӷ¸Ŀѿڶһת·ʲôߵ̨
˶֪˵仰ζʲô¾֮ǰؾصĺ
ܵĿ⣬ˣỹܵ˷Ǳ˵Ľѵ
һʱ֮ڣ嶼𺦣¸ȻҲصĸΪ鴦顣
ϾЩ޹ϵͬʱ޲鷢
˵ǺݺݵΪԼֵܽһڶ
龰ά˹һЦЦ
һ飬ƺҪֽкãȴô˵ӣֻЦЦֱܹǰַؼҵӡ
¸̨ԯµߵߡ
ͷ·һӰεӰӣԼһ
ֻ¸迴ǸӣֲɵõüҲ֪ΪʲôŪ⸱
Եĸ첲
Ȼ¸跢֫Ӵ֮ԯԭ˪˻ȥ
¸Ҳʱࡣ
һΪ䶯Ȼһͷ·ǳнһĺһ
ΪһϳǷǳעĿ
һѧԱ𡢳硱
ûҪϳǡɾ
ѧԺ꼶˶¸ĹϵܺãͬסһԺӡ
Բ˶ſϷ̬һˡ
ؿпͷˣϳôңҲ֪𡭡
ʵѲ㻹ҿֱӮ˺ðɣô˵ҲǸ꼶ģ֮ǰһֱôһʵǡ
ǳҲѽôҲǼװġ
ˣʲôǼְģȻǲ˵ǳΪȻûǰˣ
ǿɲһ⻰ֱǿʣ̫˫һ㡣ϳҲΪǰ˷¸𣡡
̨۷׷ףȻԵȴ첻κεӰ졣
˵ʿȥҪ̫ˣȫûа˵Ļȥ
ַ·Ѿ˽ȥȴװһޱ̨ƲκӰ졣
¸֮ǰ֪ҲбΪ֪һ
ȻǵҲ⡣
ȻϾҪˣҪϳʱǸеҲûκô
Է¸˾͸ɴֱӶų
ͣҪ̫ѹ
ûϵǰôϾˣ
û˵ʲôֱ˾
ݵ໥¾֮Ƕ˾Ͷû˵ʲôˮĿʼ
˵·Ӽһģ˵Ǽ򵥴ֱɣҲǡ
ֻжǳֱӣҲ
ƣ
Ҳһ־ͽƣʮ䡣
Ҳ֣˵ʮֵļ򵥴ֱ
Ҳûԥֱ˽ϣԶ˹ȥ
õͬҲǽҲǲŲæֱὣӭȥ
棬ʱ䣬⵹Ҳͨĳ
Ҫ˵עĻ϶Ҫȳʤһġ
ԭǴڵֵĽǰŲڳľƶš
ȻܿЩмܲסˡ
˫ƺҪʽ֣ȻȴҲֳܿ˸
类ˣɵõĺ˼ҲЩ֡
ȻȴǱյúܽ忴Ҳǲܶӡ
˦˦֣֮󣬳ûо̬֮ǼʼǰչһֵĹ
ȻһʽȴǱֱµص˻ȥһȥߵ
𵽵׻ǰ飬ǳ򲻹ҲʵΪ¡
ֶԵЩȣڵΰ֮󣬳ֱ˽һֳԼʵ
ȷʵ򲻹ǰԸǰ
-

409 й

ҲѲ֮ˣԷȻ˳˸̨£ֱӱȭԷ˽
á
ȵǱǼһ࣬ԴҿҲû̫֡
ĴҶǲѧԺĸߵ꼶ģҲ
ȫûƲ˼һЩӡ
ʱһֱܵĻӵķǳ硣
Ϊ򲻹ԷһֱǿȥֻǱ
һգҲ֧Ϊ
ο˶ó֮ǰһֱǸ꼶ľӢ
˵Ҳռǰʮλá
ȻҪһ»ǱȽѵģĻϵҲرѿ
ⳡǲĹȥˡ
ϳ˾Ž
˲еһѡȻҲͷ̨
һδһԵòΪϳǶ˵ġ
ΪǾĴҵˣ˵һҲǸ꼶ˣ֮ǰͬɳȥ
ҲͬѧԺһأϣܹԣʱһͬȥĹ䡣
֮ǰ龰ͬΪ֮ǰǸߵ꼶սһΣ򶷵ͬһ꼶ѧ
ֻһǶ࣬һ࣬Ҳˡ
ߵ¸ѷ֣ʵҪ˵Ļǲ˾Žġ
ȻҲãһʤˡ
Ұⳡʳ֮ζϾǿҲǲ
ֻ˾ŽҲʲôʡ͵ĵơ
˵һһȻ˶ǼְģֶǸ꼶ľӢ
ԾǶսһ˭ʤ˭Ҳ˵
ʤ֮УҲ֮⣬ҾͶһϷˡ
ⳡǷɿҲָûʲô̫Ĺϵ
ĽͺǳǽյĻǶ֪ˡ
ȻϳȴǱ⡣
ϼ㲻˵˲μӱ𣿡ѫ۾ôģΪղŲˣһϳ˽Ǻϼһˡ
ĻԭƢĺϼЩ˼
ֻ˰֣͸˽
ʵһֻЩпѣŴҼȻҪμӵĻҸɴҲո֡ο̫ˣҪҸйĵطǣα⣬ϵҲ̫ѿҪԷй˵԰ɣ
˻һһȫ
Ҫô˵Ļȥ֮ҪзйˣʱᷢʲôȻǲԶġ
ǣӢۺúŶŮŮһ˵ţһ߳źϼ˴Ĵָ
ϼƢûиƽϣֻһͷ̧ͷͦء־˾
ȷǲ̫ãֻҲʲôԭֻһЩĪĸˡ
һøҵйĵطϼȻŹˡ
˵֮ǰ˵˲̫ҪⳡȻ룬ȴ־ڲ롣
ԸտʼʱҲûи飬ȴȻȻĬĬ
ԴӺϼϳ֮˵켸ûкϹ
еһͷߣһ߸ϼ
Ϊĺ֪ϧ񡱣İѾϵһей
۶ԷֵĺӣͬͺϼǽεεŮӡ
ϼͬĺһŹ˵кûа
ȥԷһѵˣ̫˰ɣѫࡣ
ϼֱӳ嵽˰Ž˺üֱò񫣬ȫĽ㶼ϡ
Ϊ˶δ˻𱬵ŮˣΪģΪò
Ϊеļ򵥴ֱò˶סŮӡ
ⲻǵ꼶ǸŮֱҳӵѽ
Сɣһһͷˣ
ԭ˴٩һ˺仰ֱѻȸû˸Ҽ˵
ϼɴĺ죬һİȫйξϡ
ֻɱ˰ȴƷС
ƷﲻǱˣ־ܹóƼҵˡ
Ƿ¸Դȴûʲô̫ӡΪԼͬľ
ǰһȫһӸոջǸ꼶ˣ¸Ȼܶ˽⡣
¸Ҳ̫ľԷҲֻںϼܸ˶Էʱ࿴ƷＸۣҲû˵ʲô
ƷҲ֪ǲ֪Ƽ飬̨ʱ򣬿źϼȥķ򣬾ǽĿͬɨԵķ¸衣
һЦݣζ
-

410 

ԯһ·նȴҲûд£ΪӮļ׾١
ͼ򵥴ֱʽ˼ŷɥ
Ȼ˰ʱȴһѧԺӶϧ֮ĵ˳ΪĶ֡ҲԭΪһ˵
ʼձţΪǲЦ̨
ܹһ·ϰԼʵڣҲöԷĴòڡ
һЦһ·ı
Ȼ֪սĿһΪĸֱС
Ψһ˿¾Ƿ¸ˣŮǰǾ͸һûɨࡣ
ˣѧ顣ЩεεĿ˵⻰ɤȴ崺硣
ѧԺĳպҪ仰ˡġ
Ȼû뵽ǣԷǰάֱȫġ
Ϊԯֻһȭʲôû˵ֱ˹ȥ
Ȼһ룬Ϊ𾪵һĻˡ
ڴҶûзӦôһµʱѾͬлһĲڵء
ղŷʲôֻ۾
ǵôˣ
ҵ죬Ҹղ۾ûɣԯȻǵһӴˣ
ҲҪϧһ°ɣһн˼Ҹɵʲô
̨ߴߴȴ·̨ûκεĹϵһ
ԯԼѾԷ򵹣ҲûκεķӦֻվԭޱؿ˲С
ŷӦôһ£æ·ңȥԷȷʵǳߣǾ͵
ԯʤ
ԭղһвڵأ˺Զľ룬Ȼǳߡ
һĻûܵʲô̫˺ԲԯԸӡ
ǲҪȥҪһˡ
˵У˻Ǿްϧ֮飬Ȼһ㶼һûӵḼ̌ˡ
Ȼ̭ҵĿ⾹ļеά˹ϡ
ֻӣʼ磬û˵ʲôҲǲԯƽˡ
֪ά˹ԯͽ˸꣬ʱȻҲܲ顣
˼ĶѧԺڲǰʮܿͽ˳
꼶ˣ꼶ˡ
꼶ǲ˵ֱƷά˹Լɽ
ά˹ҪԵһ죬ɽҲ
˵ڸ꼶ҲǳȻҪ
Ϊһ·Ҫ˵նĻҲΪֱǺõ˵ϡ
ѰѱĶһ·ѹʽʤġ
һθߵ꼶ϱҪԼʵһֵĹϵһڳɽϾм֡
꼶ĶУ¸һȺ˼ռ˴뽭ɽ
¸ԯȻǺؽ˾һҲӱ
ɵξȻƽʱȥһʲô鶼ĵӣҲ˾ʵǲС
Ҳƽһõأʲôµӵý͡
ͬһԺӵķ¸˶˽⣬֪ʵΪ
һû뵽ʼĬȴֱϣ͸¶ʼĬĬŬӡ
ƾһǴһ·նص˾
û뵽飬ͬʱҲӹĿ࿴
аֵܣؿǸǳˣ¸ļСӵҲ˲ţ
ξֱȥŪӵЩ˼ˡ
һЩ֡
ûУֻã
磬ͱǫˣҲֻһѣûʵôһ·ߵأЦ˵
Դ˶ʾͬȷӣƾʵܹһ·ߵĻҲֱͷˡ
ܹߵҲǸʵܲɷֵĹϵġ
ϲУʮλѧԱɹ˾һܵ׼ʱ䣬һ֮ԺԴȥѧԺܾ
֮ѧԺڲĻ
ڽıʮиеѪڵģĶһȻӡ
ȥ֮ξĥӲ֮£¸ָ׼һٿף
ҾͿʼר־׼һܾ֮ˡ
εܾڵ۶רҵУѧԺеһȻǴ˲١
˵ѧԺÿѧԺѡʮѧ
ʱҲѧԺԵʽ̭࣬һһԾγʤʮˡ
ֻôҲڽϴľУԶЩʽС
οֻҪȥ˵ĻͲԼѧԺ˶ԾˣѧԺѧ
˭ҪһЩ
¸ڴҲҪʶһ±ѧԺѧʲôʵ
-

411 

۶ҲǸƾˣǴе۶һȥμѧԺľܹѡԼôҶĹжôӡ
⻰һ˵ģΪԺԴȥ۶ѧԺʤߵľǰ۶·ϡ
ԺȻҪǰ·Ѿ۶ԽԽ
ԺȻǸ꼶ˣȻά˹ǱȽͷ¸һһģκԺţԲʧڡ
һȻŷ¸˺ţ¸ԯǽİţξڷ¸һߡ
һȻȻҲߵԯԱߣϾξӶǺ죬Ӿվξԡ
һⷬξȴֵɵĲһ䡣
Ӿ͹ˣȥμĹļȻÿҵſĻǲѡһЩ͵ģֱ͹ȥμĹ䣬ǲǸǶ𣿡
ʵξ˵ҲеΪϹȥĻֺķʽѡſ
ʱóȥǱ棬ҪʼʱҲһһεĻڡ
Ҿһһ˵۶ȷмϹϢڣҪȻƵǹϡ
˵ĸо¸赹мֻ
֮ǰʮҹؾʧڻ飬ǡɻصϹʱá
ϸ룬ЩӶŵЩˡ
ûü룬ʼһ㴫˵Ķ䡣
ӭѧԺʮſֳڵ۶еⳡɲȡһһ̭ƣλѧԱ׼
˿֮󣬾ֱӵ˵׼˵׿ʼгǩ
Ϳʼ飿ҿɲһϳ
ξһмһͿʼֱӳǩ˵ɴ˫ۿʼ۲ǳǩ
˵ʵڵģǹƽûжκεĻУƽͬץһĳǩ
һ֮ڴټĺץ˵֣óһе˵һıԱ
յ۶һԱѧԱֱѧԺѧԺɡ
ѧԺʱһҿңξֵظ
Ҳһµһ鵽ҵĻһź졯ҲģİοһԼ
¸û˵ʲôҲûĲ磬ֻЦЦžϿ˹ȥ
ϳٶȷǳ֮죬ǸѧԺɵͬѧϳҲû˿ԥ
Ҳ֪ҪսپУΪ̫ţû˵ѧԺͷ
ؼҹӣһȭάһ
ô˵ؼҲĴ֮һԶǼĹӸ磬Ⱥƽݺ͵λĴڡ
ؽҲδ뵽ܾлһϳһ֮սľǵ۶Ĵ֮һؼҵĵӡ
ȥ׵ĻڲôȤȻھʼ֮ǰòҲòԷʺá
Ҳһȭֻ˵˼򵥵֣á
ʵҲһôϵļ壬ҪһҲĺӡ
ֻؼĴȻҪѷɫһЩԾһЩԱĽĳɷ棬Ҳ˾֡
Ҫ˵⽯ɺĹͬ㣬¾ˮˣ¶ʮָɾ䡣
Ϊڻʺʾ𾴣֮Ͷ˵ֱӿʼս
Ҫ˵״̬֮죬±ԯ䶼й֮޲
ԯ䲢ʲôϲ쵶նˣֻҲԸһЩˮ飬ӦЩ
Ծǰʾ𾴵飬ҲȥǶԷԼֵþصˡ
ΪԯпԷֵԼ𾴣ԼвֵһĻǾȫֵûȥ⣬͸ŪЩٰϷˡ
𽣣ȥ
ֻҪ֮ǰѧԺڲʱսһˣ¶һж̫İ
ýģԯԡɽһĽҲ־ͽ𽣡
÷뵽ıƺҲ뵽˵ࡣ
˵ѽܾãҲǷ
ǵСʱ˵ѽʱѽӵԼ꣬Ǹ𲻶ϵѽ顣
ѽΪ𡯣Ҳʮ䡣ѽһһܹչֵľչ߷ɣ
Ҳѡ񣬰Լһ޵ԭ򣬴ʱѵ춨
-

412 ֮

ҪҿĻǱǼһ￴ȥҪ˳۵Ķֻ࣬ûԲ֪Ʒô
ξһθһ̨¿Ϸһ߶̨ϵ״дʡ
¸ĻɷȻʶҲǺܲҲܹƾһ֮Ե˵ƬʶͶ϶Էˡ
ܷ¸ʶⷽԼֱȻȴʮֵ˼ء
˵ĻûʶƣĵǺǻⶼǺ󻰡
¸ֻרע£Ժ鵹Ҳûô롣
һҾֶϢʼרעڳϵ
Ҫ֪սĶÿѧԺ֮ڵľӢضսһʮ־ʵġ
ҲŻʼĿתĶžξҲֻʱʱĵ٩һ£ʱһֱ̨ʮֵ档
˲ɵõ뵽ƽ￴ŷǳɵˣʵҲлĵĶһ㡣
̨ϵѾе˰Ȼĳ̶ȣ˵⽣Ӱ˵ǲ¡
ֻĹƺԣҪӵſһЩ
벻ƽ￴һˣⷽ澹Ȼ˿
ϵ˹ԣҲǷ¸˾ǷǳƵԭ
Ѿͷ󺹡ͬʱҲǳġ
ֻԭԵмƣȻ֪ʲôվԭشϢһȻЦ
Цݻãͷ·ʲôеΪϲ顣
ȻսԵ˻˸еѪڣЩһ͵ļһ˸Ȥˣ
վǱ˵ʲǫ̂µξĻ֮˲ʱеʮ˷ܡ
ͷ·ǷʲôһĿ̨ϣ滹дʡ
˿ѽ˵е˼̬Ҳҵķ緶Ǹ֮ţ
ֻϧѫǼԸξһͬƶ˶ڣҪʱ׼Ҫŷĵ٩ξһ
Ȼξû˽һҲ⣬²ض̨ϣƺ̨ϵ˼Ȥһ
ڸղ˵һֽһʱ̨ϵʯ֮С
˭˭ƺҲѾǳˣ𼸺˵
Щֲס˫ȶɵõĴ
ɴֵЦݵĻ´ҶЩˡ
Ҳû뵽ԭƽ￴ȥ͸һ˹Ĺûʲôˣ˾ϣȻѪڵһ档
ܾǰ˵ġ֪֪治֪ġɡ
ʵСҲŵģܹѧԺǰéҲûɣҲܹԼµ˵Ļᡣ
ǰһӸ罻ֵʱóѾ㲻ǲˡ
˽ɣǾǰҲ˼˿¡
ѧԺѡҲǵ֮ҵķ¹ʮеͬɲࡣ
ʵܹõԼĽ˵ѾǼ˾ùʿˣڽ˵Ҳ⡣
һֱЩӸһҲûʲô˲ģ˵пõĻƿ
һͬˣˣҲһʱûæˡ
һغϵսʼ֮ǰȭվԼ治ԶЦЦ
лشү佱ҲĳŬôãֻΪμһεУⳡӮʵѾܹԤ֪õˣҲڣҲöˣΪһҴĺ죡
Ļһ䣬̵ͷʾԼˡ
սϱûʲôѺݣǷ¸ǰСһ
һһʱ˺ҲɲᣬǻȰԷ͵һȫӾͺá
ҲΪһİ˵һʹԺԥĳ֡
ֻĿжɵ˻Ƕ˼˿塣
Ȼһ׳һֱš
ҲûҪҪ˽˼ֻͷǰһͣ˳Ľջء
ȻһеʤѶδҶҲķڷ
۶֮ڣѧԺˣĴǰΧۡ
Ǹиҵ˶УȻĳȴѪڣҪȻҲᱻ˴
̨ʼվţͬͨһΧ۵ѧԺѧҲǰ̨ϵĶ˹ƣΪһǾʵս̾
һζ̲סһεս
һܹ˾ʣȫûõģҲȷʮֵѵãǿ
-

413 ַ

ⳡ֮Ϊ˷㿼Դ֮ÿһǰһԱá
ĻҲԷ׼䲻⡣
ȻⶼǵǩԾһ˾ʮɣҲЩ˼顣
ڶѧԱֱѧԺά˹ѧԺءѧԱֱѧԺһѧԺɳϪѰڶѧԱֱϳѧԱ׼
һ̨¶ʱˡ
ΪѧԺѧԱϳԭ򣬶Ϊǩǡֳ鵽˷ǳҶֵܡ
˵ĿһӾͶߡ
ץεĲǿԵġξߵͷۡ
ҶֵΪֳϳԭά˹һ˳ûںΧĺ䶯
һҲһֱԼֳıӰĬĬĸ
ʵ˶Ҫά˹һϸµĿҲر˽⡣
֮ǰڵ۶ѧԺѧϰʱҲδ˵ˡ
Ҳ֪ǶԷȷʵ̫ΪûرĴûϸȥ˽⣬Ҳδ˵
֮ܶά˹ҲرĽš
Ȼ֪ԷܹվôʵһǽΪǿġ
Ȼ൱ĶֵĻҲȤά˹ǱűȽ̨̬
ص˿ȥǸֵĺӣ˵ʵҲر³ç
ά˹Ҳòȡ˵ˣǰ֮ǰʺ⣬ҲӲΪԼݶֱʧ
˾֮ά˹ˬ˫ֱȭ΢ǰظԷ˺á
ѧԺά˹ˡ
Ȼȥ˲ǷǳദͣȻʵƢǲ
ӲҪ˵ĻѧԺҲġ
Ҳά˹һڿʱͨĻ¾
ѧԺĿأ
ҲˡʣȷΪڵ۶ĵλʮһѾġ
ڱʼʱֻҪλԺյˣǶõ׵Ĵʻ㡣
Էֻһֵ𾴵Ĳ˼Ҳߵһ
ҲԵ޹ʵľͻֱż˿𾴵ĸԷʺã˵޿ֵسԷ
˶ԷĶ֣Ȼ𾴵ͬʱӵȼԼĶ־
ϾԷʵҲʵһĿǲս顣
΢СһˣڶǷǳ˵ʱһ˿ӡ
Ȼܹվ̨ϵģôǵ֮
ԿȻҲʵڲŻߵһ
ά˹Ķ֣Ҳֵܹ˵ġ
е˼ӾȻеĪеϤ
ξ̨һ˵ţһ߿Լߵӡ
ǲ˼ͷֿʼ̨ҪʼԾˡ
ξ˵ҲǺ޵ģӺͿصЩ
ȻòϿȥַӣʵĳҲźܴ
Ӿһӡ
Ȼȥ˹˹ģȻΪһõĹϵ
Դܶ鶼ǼΪϸģԴߵѶǶԴϣһϸ
˵һϸˣȺߵԵǷǳġ
ξͷ¸˶ӵ˽⣬Żξ˵Ļ
̨ϵĿҲδʧڣԸòȥżķ
͸һһòĲˡ
ά˹ޣһսĿޡ
ҲΪ̨µ˸ȤΪѾܾûп޺޵ĶԾˡ
ӲҪ˵Ļ𺳵ĳҲǺܾöûġ
ڳ˶Ҷֵܵݣ˭˲֪˭˲
ϸ˽Ҳ֪صҲǷǳ֮
˵紫ԵǰĻȷǱȲά˹ġ
ⳡʤһȴҲпͷһ
һʱ˭Ҳδõ
¸֮ǰĻǵʱά˹ھȸ֮Ѫʱ򣬾δõƾȭŹڲͣʩչ
˵õĻҲ˾֡
Ͼ޵ĻͻһԵļӳ֡
Ϊŵĳ뻯ĻöԼûһѳֵⶼпܵ顣
οҲ˶ԯһרŵĽޡ
Ϊ¸˫޵ԭԴ˷ǳ˽⡣
ԴҲϡ棬ԸǽĶ̨ϣʼչ۲̨ϵĶ
ⳡĶҪηȥҪ⿦صĶγ̶ˡ
-

414 

ڸָأͶҲпܻӵвͬɫ
ͺñԪһȻԶ档
Ͷɫ任ȻҲǳڸָԭ
пԼйأҲпԼѵķʽйء
ͱ˵֮ǰչʾǰʱ򣬾Ȼǳֳ˺ڳһƬ˾ʮֵѹ֡
ǸʱǷʲôֻΪ׹ħ
Ȼ˶жͶɫ仯ͬԼйأҲ˵顣
ά˹ɫͱȽҫۣǽ۵ĺɫ
ɫʮֵݣӲҪ˵Ļ˽ǼѪ˶ȸ֮ѪǴ任
һҲһģѪĴѪġ
ԾǻıǵɫҲ˸е֡
˵ĶսȻһĻСȺ̾š
Ϊλ˸п
ֻҪ˱ĳؿȥˡ
ԭöʱɫȻֿȥǳɫ
Ҫ֪ʱЩȥʮֻڵĶԾȻⳡԾȴ˾ЩĿ
ά˹뿦صĶײһʱ򣬵һΪĸо
˶ݵǣ⾹ѧԺѡһ
ֻȻΧ۵ʱžȥȥʮֹʶĿӡ
ȻжսʱǷеѹҲֻڳ˲ܹ֪õ
˵ʵڵģά˹ѧԺʱ򣬼Ҳܹ൱Ķ֡
վһΪֹδó˸ˣǴδй顣
˵ʱʱ죬ά˹ʱ򣬿رͻȻһݣɫ˲١
ȭͷ˶֮󣬾͵ά˹˹
磬רĶս̨µһһֱ۲̨ϵԷͻȻ֮䷢ҵĹǸϽά˹
ά˹ŴԼ˼гʱĿҲѾˡ
ά˹ķӦȻǳ֮죬ʯ֮͵С
ɴ˿ֱ˵ĸ첲Ŷȭͷĸȥ
Ϊһεۼ֮죬رǿ
Ȼһʽܹһ֣鼱֮¾ά˹һ֡
ֻǿظһ֮ȭͷԭۼĶʱƫҲ˹ȥ
ҿûǱͷأĵĺ˼ҡҡλһǿվȣɼά˹ʵжǿ
벻үȻҲкڵΪˣ̨µĹڿʼ˷ܵߴߴ
˸е棬ȻҲ˸еֲ֡
ʲôֵģǰһҶֵʧʱΪѾϾҪͻƻˡڶ˶ãǵʣǵ˺Ҳְɣ
Ȼȴ˶ſľ塣
ҲѾֵĽ˺˶˶ûûеڵΪ˼ᣬѧԺѡſľɶǵ۶棡
˵ĿҲ޾ȣȵĲǶԷΪжߣǾжôͻͽ
ٶȲΪԼ𾪣𾪵ά˹˱
û뵽Լʱ͵ϮȻܹѸٵ֮·Ӧ
ղԼûзӦĻڿѱˣȥֱӱףˤĺߣʱҲᱻֱ̭
ǽֻΪķӦ죬סԼһԼڲûн̭֣𽥴ơ
Ȼ뷨Ҳڵʯ֮䷢ġ
ά˹طӦ죬ǵȻǴġ
ղܹӦΪβڳʤ׷
ػûдзӦʱά˹һֱӽ
ȴʮֵĽҲΪֻһССľϣҪŪȻм顣
ֻ˲᲻ص˺һˣǾۼ˵󣬵ȴС
֪뷨ͶˣѾôһ¡
ҪֱӽأҲĴ󳡺ϳʲôӡ
һܹ״̬ѡ
ֻҪس˺ߣʱɻжΪά˹ʤǾĹ
ȻһŸЩŵĿؾֱܵһ
ֻһûܵʲô˺Ǳĺһξ룬˵˺֮ⲻԶ
-

415 ɳϪѰ

ʱ𣬿ŷӦôһ£ȻһȴѾˡ
Ըķԭһ˵ΪûзӦ׵׵ǰȴòϧܹİõĳе
˵ܹά˹Ҳķڷ
ԼķӦʵҲһܹﵽĸ߶ȡ
ݵʱ֮ԼǴ򲻹ģֻҪԼǰĿþѾ㹻ˡ
ѧԺǷŵ˵۶ȴ֮ѧԱ˵ܹμѧԺѾϵҫˡ
ˬʵĿظά˹˸Ͳ̨
ҵ˷Ҳ֪¾һʵսǸλֲӵľơ
Сˣˣϳˣ
ξһԲԶ
ƺһҭùǺһûǺںĵطʲȥ²ˡ
ȡȿȣСС
ǡɼмԯޱ飬¸һĵЦ
֪ξڸһ˵ϤΪѾΪԼѵĹϵξҲڳŽܡ
˵Ҳ죬ȴֲεĶԼֱԼһһ𺰡һ
¾ΪξҳһΪСˡ
ȻξˣԼܹԷһƺѾǺܸˡ
˵ʵڵģŵ֮ǰСүð
ó¸һͬʧǶʱ֮ڷ࣬Ȼԯͷ¸趼ܹǡ
ξȻҲϿǶ˵ʶģԾСӻɽ
ξҲƾʶˣѶʵ⡣
ҶԷûʲôԼûĵطȴҲûʲô̫ĺøжȣҲֻԶĳƺһ
һ˵Щҭס˵ʵڵҲر⡣
ҲûʱԥһֵϳԥȥĻ̨¾ͻ۷׷ˡ
ʱ˵ӳģ˵ڼӵĹƾͶʤˡ
һҲپ飬ͷҲصԼֱֳӵ˵۶һž̨
ڲʱά˹һһ֡
һܵԼֳԼ֧֣ƫͷظά˹һЦ΢Ц̨
ɳϪѰַǳرʵڵһ֮󣬾Ͳһ˿Ȥ
ڿһǸ˳ˣ˼ָпĸо
ΪɳϪѰ˿ȥ˹˹ģǻͻ
˵ܹóһȻԴ
񳤵ñǶСܶӣʵӲҪ˵ĻѧԺ꼶Ҫά˹ǲ࣡
ξΪ֮СϢŪõ֡
¸ҲûüǴõϢΪҲûȴ֪֮ࡣ
¸赹Ҳôʣר־Ĺ۲ɳϪѰˡ
ʵξ˵Ļ¸軹濴òϳüΪ˾ǻҪԴһЩ
ɳϪѰ˵ȷ˰˵Ǹԣȴ͸¶˼˿΢Ŀɰζ
˵ϢȥʵΪʣȴ͸¶һصĸоЩ͸
ȴʼոһЦ滢ûʲôΪʼմһЦݣôЦݲ۵ףȴһЦúܿģҲʮõĸо
Ҫ˵صģ¾üһɰˡ
½ٻзڣֻҪμˣһΪӲϵߡ
Է¸һ۾ܹǫ̃ϵɳϪѰüһɰ롣
ĴƺҲ˲һҲӵ˶Ȥ
ѧԺɳϪѰָ̡
һܵԼƺ͸¶һɼΪϢڿĵһ֮ȻƬ̵㶣ҲܿͷӦ˹
ԶԷڼ򵥵ҽ֮һҲ̻ظŶŶѧԺһָ̡
¾֮ɳϪѰ¶˼˵˵Ϊȫλá
ɳϪѰ֮󣬼ڳ˶һ
ʵ½޻ޣһֵǼΪ֮¡
ȻָϡŹֵڳȴδ
ɳϪѰһӣ˵ȥЩ˹˹ģȴǼΪŮԻġһӡ
ӣξ̨µξЩ۾ȻΪܹġ
¸üش̽ض̨ϵɳϪѰԯ侹Ȥ
-

416 Ѱ·

ҪŵƽգȤˣὫĿתƵ̨ϡ
Ϊһά˹ıĹϵǷǳӵʼ̨¹۲š
ϾԯȵѾǽҶֵܵģɳϪѰİȴҲԯȤ
Ϊԯʱ˿Ҳ̽ͶɳϪѰϣƺ˼ʲô
¸ҲͬˣóɳϪѰԲô򵥡
οܹ۶̨ͬսˣԲʲôƽ֮
ԶԷԲƣΨһõĽͣȷǶԷ
ԷѰ·Ϊ׵˺εȾ磬Ҳܹ̽õġ
ţ˸Ϊ𾪵鷢ˡ
ǰɣҲˣȻǸޣǸޣ
ɳϪѰ˵ȷʮֲѰ·ǳƲ
Ϊͨ޹ǵԭǼΪģ˻Ե
οһֱΪԼǿʱҲŮʹá
½ϵӼǿΪ𣬵ȻԽΪǿԽϲԺ˼޹ǵ
ǿ˸ַӴŮȥ˼ģȷʵ˼ʶ
οһΪˣͨ޶ޡ
ΪȻ޲£ȴ޸Ϊ
кܶ˶ᵣ޷⼫Ϻ޵ˡ
Ȼ£ɳϪѰһҼӰ
Ҫϵĺã𣿡
̨µξ°ͶҪˣȻǶǰĳЩţ˼Ŀɿڴζ
Ҫ֪֮ǰЩ¿δġ
Ǿһš
ǰڵ۶˽ණȴδ˵£ɳϪѰƺĲһ㡣
ξ˵ȻҪĬһЩȻʱȴ˵һЩһûվȾҪ˵Ļ
𡭡
ר־Ŀ̨սķ¸趼Щ̿
ξǲӵЦԼԵӵļ˵ģǰôû뵽㾹ȻôĬ
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̨µ״ȥǳɣҲΪɳϪѰеȣȻ˻ڹ۲̨ϵ龰
Ϊ̨µǫ̂ҲһҪмҵĶΪ̨ηӦֱͣ
һΪ̨ɳϪѰĶ֣Ȼǵһ񣬲ҲԥóԼ
˵óһѽѽȷϵƷʵĽ
ⲢıΪҲԯһһޡ
˵˵ҵĺӣΪֹȴδҵһ
Щƺ̫Ϻ⣬Ҳż
ΪʼջôһһԼ
ԵɳϪѰһӵʱʵȡ
ΪжôƲԷǾöԷΪʵǹ죬ǶٵЩĽ
ɳϪѰһҵһĻǱʲôǿ
ΪֻʺԼĲõģֺαں˵Ŀ⣿
Ǿϻ˵һЬӴԼĽϣϲϽҲֻԼ֪
ɳϪѰɡ
ھɲǺ£ҪˡɳϪѰЦһѡ
һһβųɫҺηӭս
Ȼ𾴵ģҲɲС
Ϊ֪ԷʲôϡŹֵʽԼδģԸҪЩ
ܷǣԻԡ
һⷬĻɳϪѰЦЦ
֪˿»һ񺮣̨ϵλѧԱǿۣ֪ΪЦЦġ
ЦݹĹҲ֮
ɳϪѰӲһͨӣȥƽЩСƶͬ
ҪͨĹӸŰ΢һЩȹҲ
һע⵽һ㣬ʼڶеӣȥԷĹơ
ȴĿ˵طӵһеȹʮգ֮侹óһ޳С
ƺһЩŮͨõˡ
Ϊ½ѧԺ֮УҲŮӻаǬõľֶ˸ա
ǶԷֱЩ޳У˸ĹâȻǼ˶¡
벻ԷĶȻܸЩ޹ǵĶϣһһ
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417 

ֹһ̨µҲɵۡ
벻˵޺ԩҲõֶϡ
ɼԷʵжôǿ
ʵ˵п½ϡŹֵԴʽ
ȻܹЩʽˣҪôǿҪôŬǷһЩϡ뷨ˡ
Щͨжļ⣬Ҳӵĥ͸
¸ǰǴδʶһһǲͬġ
Щ޳һ˹ȥȻ·۾һ
Ǽ˶޳Уͷ·ӵһξ̲ס̾
ȻЩ޳Ҳֱǰһס쵽һǰ֮󣬾ͬ˽Ӳޱȡ
鵽һϣȻо˳ʹ
ΪЩֻƽĶ벻Ȼãһʱ֮侹δܷӦ
ӦʶҪýȥնЩ޳еʱɳϪѰһתȹϵ޳ȫ黹
ͬ鳲һһ˲˻ȥһ׽Ӱ
̨ʼչ۲̨϶ķ¸趼̲ס۾
δҲ̫Щ
ǲģͶҲһܱ˶õ͸Ҫ֮ˡ
ҲʲôЩ˼
޳೤ĺܣ˲ջȥ
ͷ·սһ׾٣ֱ˷˼Ҳò̾һ¶Է
ֹ˼֮һѾеĽǸͶĶŵӣȻһ˿֪븡ͷ
Ҫ֪Ѿ˺üغˣԼȻ۵ùǺԷƺûиʲô
ˣÿһҪƵʱ򣬶ᱻԷ޳и
ڶԷƣԼҪʱֶܹĪĻ⡣
ʽŵһһԼеѽûκεôеЩûκô޳С
ֱһߺ͵ļ󷴲һЩܲˣҲȷһЩС
ΪʲôҵĽɲóءһ̲סЦ
Ҫ֪⼸غϵĶУԷֻҪһ޳Լһ˵һ鵽ıЩ޳дϵĸоʶĻӽȥ
ȻЩ޳УҪôͻὫزסҪôͻͬһıǸɳϪѰ˲ʱ˻ȥһͲ׽
̨µҲΪһǣϾһǵͬ顣
Ƿ¸輸˶ףһЩʵϳˣԸɳϪѰ˷Ӧơ
ûĻʹڵʱҲرգǶԸֱ޽ġ
һ˭ʤ˭Ѿߵԡ
ҶԷĻǳ־սĿľΪҪľһһֱȥһɾԲһ¡
ξȻƽһɵӣȻ˵ʵڻеʱʮǵġ
ĳɫȻǳһЩƽһḡӣʹʱ˿վԯԱߵά˹˻
㲻һֳȥҲûκκôĹҪɴ͸ܵܡ
ʵξĻԶΪҶֵܵ롣
Ҳ˵ʲô˵ĻȻЩֹ
ά˹ǸˣȻܹĻлġ
ά˹ȻҲöξĻֻĻ֮ȴֻѡεĿЦһشξԼΪӦԭ
֪Ҫ˵ʲôҲ֪ҵܵǺټȥĻҲûκκôΪķӦ㲻ϳˣҲûɳϪѰǺԸˡ⺢ӴС;ǿĺܣʵҫб˭ǿȰ䣬ҲԲѡġ
ξ˵ͷû˵
飬ҲһԸֻѡĬĬսҲһԲ
̨Ѿе˰ȻĽ׶ΣʵҲֻǵ㵹ѡ
ΪĿǰΪֹɳϪѰûбһ˵ֺΪʼսɳϪѰ
һԼҲȷЩΪҲԼԷƺһûκĶ
Ȼͬά˹˽һǾԲľϾֱӺԤ׵Լġ̡
ȻȻѾ۵ֽŴһȴûзɼѡ֮ԿףֱľԼһ˿Ϊֹ
ɳϪѰĶرķ˼
ڳ˼ԿóһѾľˡ
ȻɳϪѰȴûͣ¹ƣҲͬûѡԸղŵķʽһȥ
ǽȹе޳бֱһ˹ȥȻûһ
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418 ڰһ

һƮƮˤ˾ߵʱҲ֮
һ㶵İԭأһʱ֮ûзӦôһ¡
ûеȵԼ׺ľҲûǱʧܣʱ򱻶ԷԼΪƽķʽͳ˺ߡ
ķʽ֣ƺҲ̫ѿ
ɳϪѰڱһ̣ʱԼ˻ȥָֻ֮һ湫ӵӡ
ȻֱŴʱڵϵһ˹ȥ֮ΪڵĽӵЦ
ˣóȷʵǿֻȱȰˣԸպʵܹһ㡣
ͷҲصģ̨ȥ
һʼ㶵ĿıӰ߹һ̿ʼһʼ
ıӰԽԽԶȻҲվ̨һ
ӦԷʱоȻһ˿м
ҲĹһңͬĥһķʽ˸ա
Ȼʱ򻹲һһĻᣬ˵ĻʮָӵĽ˱뷨ܹó
Ҫ֪ؽԼĻԲᶪˣֱһս
ϾԼδ˵ֺûôѡ񣬷Ǹһһ̨£Ǿ޽еġ
һ̨֮ɳڸղŵ顣
ȻһȴҲ˶ջණ
¸Ҳò¿ѧԺɳϪѰ
ȥûôǿ󣬿ʵ̲ŵȴ˷ǳĥ
ܹĽ֣ܲŻ׶Էʽɾõ˺εȵط
ɳϪѰһ򵥵ĽɫؽȥμĹҲ˼࡭
ҾͶĿתƵһϣʱ˿һƺûзӦôһ¡
ֳά˹һǰסԼĵܵܣʱһγѣȴζӳ¡
ΪҲ֪Ӧʲôȥԡ
ʱξֿʼǲһĳ԰ο
ˣʵû£ʵҶĿõģεĲҲ̨ܹϵҵ֮ƽı֣ۺĿʱѡΪѧԱһͬȥμĹ䣬Իлġ
ԭÿһεĹ䶼ǼΪӵģҪʮ쵱ſ
ڱ˵ǼΪƽʧԭ
һҪֹͻ״ʱܻӰ쵽Աȡ
ǵĹʱͻȻ֮һҲô¡
Ϊ˱ѡǰʮſ֮󣬲ǻָͨĿۺۡ
̨ϵıֺһЩϸϵİգƽѧԺ֮ڵĸ
Щһ֮ͬѡԤѧԱ
һƽıֲףղ̨ȻûʹȴԼ֤ʵ
ᱻѧԱĿԼҲôΪеǡ
οһҲʵģҪȻҲܹΪ۶쵱ſֻǡ˻չֳƵˡ
ǻ˵ĻûôãҲһͻֱⳡԴҲʵ
һһ֮ҲȻ˲٣Ҳ࣬ҲĶŸϢξЦ
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˵ֻǼ򵥵֣ξȴ·𲢲ˣʵЩƫͷȥ̿ڽ͡
޷˵ҲʵҲ˵ĻʱҲһᵱѡ֪Ҳʡõʱ̫ھϲٿƲ
¸趼ôξⷬģԵ̿
ԯɽҲһ˲һ˿һ˿޵Цָֻ֮糣
ϵնʱ˲٣Ҳʼƽ̬Խıˡ
ıʱƽĹȥˡ
ȻǰıѧԺѧԱˣȻĺܳһʱ䶼ûٳ鵽ѧԺѧԱ
ѧԺѧԱʱ̨¹սԼңڳ鵽ϡ
ھųѧԱϳʮѧԱֱѧԺӺͺѧԺٻλѧԱ׼
ڵˣԵǴȥѵѵǣξ̿ʼӹʵҲϣҪôš
¸ҲЦЦϾǼСӵĶԱҲǵѣǰҲʮֱҪġ
û£ֻҪƽ̬ͺãܹվѾ˵ʵˡ
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419 ϴ

˵Ĺ֮£ӱƽ̬ͺԥ˳
һĶһСѧԺ͵ĻںѧԺʱҲͬһ꼶
ƽˣҲԵòš
ڼ򵥵ʺ֮˾Կóھ̨ϵʱ̨ȫһ
ֻԥͳԼǴǸıҲ̱Щ׺ƽ¸ʶȫͬͷ·Ǳһˡ
ξӵı˲ˣʵҲЩп
˲ò࣬ˮɶ֮ǰѧԺڽڲȵʱͿóƽﶨȻʮŬÿһο̨ܿһαָоʵ̫İˣ
¸ֻϹŵЦݣ̨ϵӣĿвο
ϾǼСӵĳԱܹﵽĳ̶ȣ÷¸Ϊοġ
ѧԺؾ֮ǰʱӵرĳڡ
ȻѾܹ𽥵ĳԽͬеˣͨһ÷¸֤Ŭ
̨ϵıҲӦķΧ֮ڵġ
ƽеӿȥһЩɵɵٹֱҪԼȥŬĶ
ڵһֻҪһͶھУͷ·ˮܹĸӦ
Ϊⳡر棬ԲŻԸ̬ȥԡ
ƽһº͵ı飬Ҳ˶Դ˵ֶص֮󣬵ȻҲܹ˽õھϵʱһ溺ӡ
ΪƽһĸоǵµʱȴӲˮ
ǸٻҲ벻һģˣȻһѴ󵶡
ж󣬼Ժٻ˵ϰɼ⾿Ǻεȵһ󵶡
˳Ѵ󵶵ʱξɴӵЦ
һֱ˶ӣһߵĸ첲˷¸ıϣ̨ϺЦš
¸裬ԯ쿴ٻģֱǾ䣡ƽһȥ֮׺ݼˣ˼ҶǴӣܻҲһȥһģóȻһ󵶣Цˣ
¸豾ҲôȻξô˵ȻĪҲЦ
Ψԯע⵽ξĶ֮һ˫۾ضξʼճڷ¸ϵǰ߸첲
ֱҪɳһͣξ
ƫƫξĴȫûиܵõԹԵﲻͣЦš
Ҳξĺǻ˵Ļԯǧˡ
ԯ仹ôԷƫƫûиоõ
ԯҲʱûڹ۲̨ս£Ϊʼսһֻڷ¸ϵĸ첲
ɴһӷ¸ߵξַ࣬·𹴼һĽξקһԡ
ξĸ첲ȻҲӷ¸ϻ֪ԼʲôرԯҪԼô
ԯǸлҪ˵ҲǸٻܺЦԲԣξ̨ϵеʮֺЦһЦţһֲĿʼˡ
ΪαԯקһߣξȻȻģղŴŷ¸ļһ첲ﵽԯļϡ
ԯȴξӣԼǰһ̣ͷҲصĴ뿪ص˸ղξվλãȻޱĿ̨ϡ
¸轫һпôһ£ֻЩεҡҡͷ
ξԭԹԵЦţʯ֮䷢һϵ飬Щͷԡ
ȻһĪߵ˷¸ߡ
ԯվԼԭλãûзӦô¡
ҲûоʲôֵģֱӽǼԺִԭԯվλãҲǷ¸Ҳࡣ
˿ξԯҲֻǵһλöѣûʲô˵ġ
ξֿ̨ϣ˵ȷʮֵ˼ڵǴĲɿ
һǴҴһײϵӸٻš
ٻҲʧԭķȣһ󵶣ܹȥ
Ҳһҿ
ⳡǿǺܾöûмʶˣǲ֪޵Ļ»ΪǹҰڻŹˡ
ĳ濴ξƼˣȻֱӹĳ޲ڡ
ⳡֱǧѵһ̫ˣ
ֲ֮ؽ첲˷¸ļϡ
ԯɫٴһУ÷¸ֱӷԼĶͷ֪ʲô
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420 Ͷ

ܻӵĶ֣ȻǸΪ뺷һЩӻ˱ʤ
ǽ֮󣬳ϾȻ˸Ϊ䶯
ҴҶԴ޲ڡ
ⳡ̫ˣȻǳļ򵥴ֱ˾ûôڣϲ
ѽǱֱͷ·һ㶷ûעȥһһٺҿҲ̫ˣ
۷׷ף¸ֱ֮ͷߡ
ξһֱͷﻹдʣȺ˵۹ⲻǳĶм֮
Ӯⳡ֮ԵЩꡣ
ıǴָֻ֮֮ǰǸģξ˾ñС
ξֱǰһ§סӣȻ󻹿ŵ˵š
ڻˣϤǸˣ
仰һı飬ڳ˶ʮֺЦ
ӵʮ򶨣ƺξķӦѾϰΪˡ
ξƶˣһѧԺʱǰʮ̨֮Ҳͬһ仰ϵı鶼һģһ
֮󶼺ôЦҲ֮øӵһЩ
ǰʮһգ۾ͽˣΪԺУÿԺУʮͬѧԭ
һʮ˴ֶһһľȻҪг׵׵ʮ
Ȼǰ볡֮󣬾Ҫ׵ؽ볡ˡ
볡ʮ峡ȻҲʤʮ˽һһľ
ʣµʮ˻һֿգ֮ӮĸӮıȣĸıȣվǰʮˡ
ǰ볡У¸ԯӮʮףôҾ÷ǳȤ
ξԸпô˲һˡ
ǲѧԺľӢΪǰʮſ˵۶ȻܱԯһиˣҲ̫ˮ˰ɣ
ûһ˵ǽеķǳ֮죬֮ǰԯѧԺʱһһ
һҲǸţѧԺڻҡ
ԯûʲôӦξԲ䣺ԯͲܸ˼ѧԺˣѧԺѡľӢһиˣǺûӵ飡
ԼѧԺҶΪλҪģԯشֱ׳Ҷ˵ʲô
Ȼָ֮ǰѧԺʱһ顣
ԯĻ֮˿ڿˮͿһԵά˹
Ͼô˵ά˹δޣҲ֪ڳĻʲôķӦ
ӳϵ£ά˹ȻûκεķӦƺͺûԯ˵Ļһ
˿ʱҲЩ֣֪Ϊά˹ķӦ
Ͼǰ˻һԣѧԺ˳̳ɽͯŮѲɵȫ
ҲǶµˣͲԸܣԺܿתעûټ顣
¾ȥˣξֽͷ˷¸ͷϡ
¸裬Ҳ̫һЩ˵ģ˵ײУô˼ҴֱͶˣ
ʵҪ˵¸һʵǲãֻŹѡ
ŹĻʮ͸¶żɷǵζ˿κ
ȻƫƫǸ˴ֱӹģͶڵ۶δйİ
ԴҶԷ¸ͶȥĿ͸ˣΪײеֶζ˸ˡ
ĺܺΪüĿ꣬ȻĹס
˵֮ǰǸѶԷһ˵ˣȴǵһѶԷĥͶˡ
ֻҪһǼ£¸̲סҪ޹Լıӡ
ʵҲûЩʲôֻΪڵ¿ʵ̫ģԵȺòҪϳʱ򣬾ڿƲסԼ㺨Ĵһ
һûƺþͰѶԷˣֱӽ˱
˵ԼӮˣǷ¸軹Ǿòô񫣬ڽıٴһչ֡
˵ʵڵģǰαһ䣬һ̫ãǡǸʮֹŹֵ⡣
ѧԺѧԱǼǶˣ벻һʮ˽ѧԺռ֮һ
֮󣬺볡ıֱӿʼˡ
һҪȥ˻ѧԺˣȻʼĬڵ֮仹̫ĳɽ
°볡ʼһĳԱѧԺɽͺѧԺ׼
ҪɽʵҶ˽ҲǷǳ֮ࡣ
¸輸˶͸ûʲô̫ĸоˣϾǸ꼶ˡ
ദĲҲˣƽﻹĬԣվһҲԶһԲġ
ξʼԸ˵ˣ;ɽǸ롣
˵ʵڵģǿԣҪҲվλã̭ûֵ
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421 ٶ

˶Գɽûʲô̫ϿɵϾ˶Ǻ졣
οǸ꼶ģǰδйӴ
˵ڼȻǲǶ֣ͬһѧԺǾ൱ǵĻ顣
˻ǱȽϹע̨ϵεģΪô˵ɽӮˣҲѧԺʤ
ʱܹǰʮѧԺѧԽ࣬ȻҲ¹ѧԺҫ⣡
Ҫ˵ɽĻһǻԣǲ֪һҪαˡ
ξȻ˵ţȻĿȴûзŵɽϣǴվǸںѧԺѧ
Ƶˣ൹ǼΪͨҲûʲô̫ڵĵط
ȻܹߵһѧԺ̨ͬսĻҲʲôʵ򵥵ˡ
Ȼξж˼̽
ξôģԵҲ뷨
ѧԺƣͽ̣һȭ򵥵ҽܡ
ѧԺɽɽҲɿĻظ
˾Ϳٵˣ˰ȫλֱ֮ӿʼս
˶ܹó˵Ըʵǲģ̨µЩǷš
Ҫ֪ǵĳǩǹƽģҪγǩǹҪԸϵ̨ͬս
ɽӽȥ
һǣɽֱӽıɽӽվķƴ˹ȥ
ӲҪ˵ĻɽҲǸޣֻڷ¸УʵҪԯԲһЩ
ڵԯõ˱ɽɽʵҲǿ˽һ˼
һļжǳɾͿԿóǶԳɽҲû̫ڵĹע
ֻ׻ܹռλãӲҪ˵ĻҲô򵥣˵ûκġ
ɽӽǷŵһ½˵УǲôҲһϳ˵ԶԸ𷽺Ҳ´ࡣ
ֻöɵĻܣƸ΢ƫһЩûаģȻȴϹССĲʡ
Ȼֻĸ첲һѪ۶ѣȴҲ÷ƵɫӵһЩ
۶֮ڵ඼ΪѧԺͷѪΪδܽ룬ȻҲҪָĿ
ƾûȨûƣҲԲһˡ
ҪѧԺǷЩģҲֻܽ˺ѧԺ
ѧԺʵҲǳȺȻҲСҪȻҲ;Ѿӽ
˵֮ǰһ·˵Ҳĳɷ棬ȻʵҲǾڴ
Щֵ˼ǷƲɵõһʵЦҲѾ˼˿ɬ
ԭѧԺѧԱȷһ
仰岻ȴɽ˶
仰֮Ĺ΢һͣɫҲЩ
֪ԷԼ˵仰к⣬ȻȴҲ֪ʱԲܵġ
һ˵仰֮Լ;Բⳡռˡ
ʵʵÿһսҵʵǲģҲرʱ
Ȼ¸ԯһ⣬Ͼ˷ŵȺǿһЩ
ǳɽȴ֪Լͷ֮ҲرĶࡣ
ԷҪľϵõһʲôҲ˵ġ
öԷһɣôͺпܴܶԷˡ
Ҳǳɽģͨһ֮ʤ׷ŶԷûдӸղŵһзӦ͸Ͻнʽ
öԷмܲסŶԼ΢һЩ
ֻɽĬĬؽռɵģѾ߬еɽӽע˽ȥ
ɽӽĽùעųɽǱ߶˶ɵõЩ̾
ֻɽķӦǳ֮죬ֱǰӥһٶŷƹ˹ȥ
ȻǷƺҲʲôǵģķӦȻڴҵ֮⡣
ԭǴһ״̬ȴڳɽеһ˲䷴Ӧ˹
ֻ͵ųɽķ˹ȥͺԥĽûɵĶܵԼǰĶ
϶Ҫ˰ɣҪȻĻôܵɽĹȻҲرǿȻһǹɲ˭ܵġ̨µ˵
ôҲǸ꼶ѧԱԱ¸˻Ҫ˽ɽһЩ
֪һγɽĹʮǿǺѵֵԲŻ˵Ļ
Ȼһ룬Ƶľٶԭء
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422 Ҳ

ɣɽô˹ȥȻ㣬һֱӭξЩĿɿڴ˼Ҳһ仰˳ϵΡ
û˶ΪһȻ˶ܣһҪܿҽεĹȥŶԡ
ȻԳɽҵĹȴȫûк˵˼ܻԼǰ֮󣬾Ȼԥӭȥɵۡ
ɽȷ˶ߣǸæųɽѡ
ȻһȴѾˣĻ䣬˵ĹѾײһ
ȻһһܣԭõģӦǷƵ˰ܡ
ȴûгɹܣǽչҹƵĳɽȥ
һƬѻȸͷ·ûܹǰһһ
Ȼϰ볡гɹͻȻȴûôȥ
ΪһֵĲôʣȻûעĵıһѶܡ
˵ƣܶʶľͻǷأûκιϵ
Ϊ߱ԣǷȴһõĺܺá
ǳ˺ѧԺ򶷵ʦ⣬û֪һˡ
ټһͻı֣˲ĿȻȻĶΪһȻڳɽĹ֮ϡ
ǴôõԭѾﵽһ߶ȣǶҲԵ
ֻҪĶ㣬ͿԽҹƵĳɽɡ
Ҳȷʵ֤һ㣬ΪȫѶˡ
˵û˽һĽ޶һܹõһ㣬һ˶ܺһ
ԼȫȫڶϣͿԵֵһС
ڵֵ˶ԷĹ֮£ܹԷһĹ
֮ǰע⵽ɳϪѰһ൱һԴʽ˸Ϳһ㡣
ȻͷˣѵҲһЩ
ɽ˳ȥ˺֮⣬Ȼ󿰿ס˽ŲȴҲ˱
ԭվ֮ҡһһѪԤ׵
ΣԭͱĿɿڴӡ
¿˶Է˳ɽһǹԷһξ롣
ȻˣöԷѪδԤϹģҲЩŵġ
ΪͬǸ꼶ԭɽĹϵǲ
ĳϽŲ˵УɽѾˤ˺ߣϽӣ
ŻȻҲδܼʱӸղŵıл
֮Ӧ˹ֱ˴ʯӡ
û˵ЩʲôƺĽ⣬ͬҲԼӮ׾١
ֻ΢Ϲת̨һԼıӰ˾Щĥ͸
һ֮󣬷¸Ҳɵõ¿ʼƵˡ
Ҫ֪ܾ֮߳пܻ
ڵܷӮ˶Է϶Ҫúõһ²С
֮󣬾ʹűѾ
̨ʱ˿ѾЩվ˵ĳɽ
ɽɫԵЩ԰ףҲ֪ǸղһˣΪԭ
ղ̨ϵ׷ʲôǸƵĶȻǿ󣬰Ĺֵ˵
ɽЦҡҡͷ֮˵ţָо֣ͷ·ҷȥĹȫԼһͷ·Ǳɵˡ
ʱǡɾ˷¸裬ߡ
¸⻰ɵõ˳˼һеɺϻıֻ˵ԷʽܹԼжĹȫظԷ
ʽ·Ҳûеģ¸Ҳš
ȻվȻܹһɼƵ²Сֻ˵ǵʲô˵洫
Ƿ¸ڿ˷ƵıӰʱ̽ʤһ
ԯ֪¸ЩʲôҲ΢˼Ŀ˷ȥķ
ǱǺѧԺѧԱǵȴŵλãÿһѧԺѧԱ϶˷ܵɫڶԷһһϲ
Ƶɫ̨ϴ̨ͬϵʱԵó侲ЩĬԵζȻԼѧԺȺ鵹Եÿࡣ
ξ˳˵Ŀ⿴˹ȥ۲һ֮ɵõЦ˵һζĻ
ͦȤġ
ⳡȻǳɽˣѧԺĿǰΪֹҲֻʣ˰˸ˡ
״αоɳϪѰսһȥЩĪķƶսĳɽ⣬һмĻᡣ
Ƶ׻ηչδ֪
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423 Ц滢

ֹ峡ңֵʼһԿֵξ
ξǰһеȻҲϳˣֻͷ¸軹ԯûʲô̫Ĳ
ϵǸƺܹվҲ˵ˮ֣ξʱ³֮󶼲ͣıԹš
ôôˮ㣡֪һĿľΪ˽³ȻɵˣֱվԭزôҲйϵĲɣ
¸ЦղŵǸ˷ӦȷʵǲһЩ
Կ¾ڸһ㣬ҲһܹùξĹ
ξ˵⼸㲻ϳ˵ģҲԲ
οŵھϵʱʮݣÿζܹӦĺܿ졣
ټĶᱻһɵԻÿμöԷЩ䲻˱
һۿϾҪˣξϳ֮ǰЩ㡣
ߵһξѾˣȥ֮鶼ҸһǴһˣ
¸ɴźЦݣξϾҪϳˣǸϽ͡
ɰûµġ
ǡξ·ԱߣӸɴļȻĶӦ÷ͬСˣǵעŵ㣬һֱɵˣ
ǵȻˣξһЦ¶С⻹˵
һվǺܽĶԻЩ̿
ξһۣûж˵ʲǫ̂ȥ
·ԯԱߵʱ룬˸첲ٴδԯļȻ٬˵ԯֵⶼҪ׳ʿˣûʲô˵𣿡
ԯһĮĺһξĸ첲ļϻ
Լļ򣬾ͺմȾʲôһޱؿ˿ڡ
ô׳ʿˣѲƶһѻ䣿
һ仰ͰξŪƿԣȻξǺܿķӦ˹װһίӡ
̫ѹˣΪĺֵϳ㶼ܺúõĹңֱԴ
ԯ̽ӻǶԼ˵ģ޹ء
¸ʼһЦſһһĻʲôû˵
ֱ̨Ͽʼߴ٣ξŻλƵ̨
ѧԺξףڽڸ
˵ȥΪḡĻ֮ξΪӦĴһڡ
վǸˣʶԼпǱϷˣ
ֻ΢üͷû˵ʲôҲξһҽܡ
ѧԺǧˣҲףڽڸ
Ȼξû뵽ԷˬĻظԼԭƤϷһµξĴ˶Էһ
ǰ˵ǸϤĸо͵˼ĶŶԷ˵һûͷûβĻ
λ̨ǲǺԵ֣ôú㣬ĸоҺϤ
ξ˵һַ֮·ԼشԼ
žͱΪһȻӣ˵Լе뷨
Ҿ˵⸱Ӹ¸񰡣ֻĵлƤЦⲻЦģ¸ǲЦص
ʵξԼĻû˵ꡣ
վǧ˵ӲҪ˵Ļ˵ЦصҲЦ滢ûʲô
̨µķ¸ǸоΪΣҲ֪ԼʲôʱͱЦصˡ
ξҪҪô˵ĻƺҲûԷ¸ҲûзʲôûںΧ˶ɨ
ԯû˵ʲôϾξҵദʽҲѾѡϰߡ
ƽʱ⸱ֵӣ˵һЩʲôЦĻʹǹϴҲ
ΪǶ֪ξԴѵʱദʽԶܹ⡣
ճпȥҶڻĴжȹģȻȴҲԷ˼
ֻǧ˵ƺûô򵥣ξԲԵ޹ʵԷ˵ôࡣ
˵ĻǲʲôƵġ
һ˺ܶೡԾʼչ۲ųεĸλٵľЩۣȻ㵽İÿһ˸顣
ǧ˵ˣ֮ǰıϱֵĲ̫ڳɫ˶ûôע
ʱ򣬻Ҳûʲôӡ
֪ܹߵһμʮ峡ˣ¾Ѿܹ֤ô򵥵ˡ
ξˣ˻ξеǣ֪ξܷԸ
Ϊôǧ˿ȥʡ͵ĵơ
ǧ˵ı־ͱ˵ĵĲǼٵģΪܿԼȻǱӡ
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424 

Ҫ˵·ɳϪѰӵ֮٣˵ѱӵҲôࡣ
˵϶Ҫӵ˶һЩȻȴҲͬټ
õ٣ʵϱӵҲͬСɡ
һղ˵ӲҪ˵ĻܹƿصĺܺãǶԼʮġ
ξҲóԼͬҲһѽȻɫȴûƽĵɵ
Ϊ֪֮ԿĻûô򵥡
ΪԷıӲһôԼ˵ʮֲġ
˵ĻҪȱӶ̺ܶࡣ
µҲûκΰ취ȻѾ˾ξҲֻһһˡ
²ҪЩ飬ҪˡǶǧ˺ԥ˵
ȻеĻ͸ϿЩαַҪңξҲĻ졣
ǧЦЦǲںξ̬ȣǶĵĻش⡣
ǽû˿ԥԼѾ˵ҪԶԷֵģǽֱӳˡ
ǲǻûʶӵҾ㳢
Ŷǧ˵Ļ˵꣬еıҲ
ıľͺһξ˹ȥŶǧ˸ȥȥͷ·˦һһ
ξɫ࣬˵ƾڸ涼ʮֵݣԷӦҲʮֵǿ
ڿεʱȻܹӦ
Уǧ˵ı˵ƺܿ죬Ҳһȫ׽ġ
ξһֱıӿпȥȫ׽ıӣǷŵǷ˺ü
ȻɫأȴҲôķŲȻȻҲ˽Ķ
ֱֻ˽ȥ֮ͺԥǰűӳĵط˹ȥ
ˣξƶľһеĽԥĻ˹ȥ
һ󵶹⽣ӰȻȴûдﵽξϵЧǽϵʹԤŸղһʧˡ
˻ξʶĵһ
Ӧʱ֪ղŵһѾ鵽ϣŻоʹ
Լ첲ȥȻһѪѾ档
һжղһӵȷ鵽ϣҺ顣
ȻξȴԵЩţ㶵ĲϵʹǴϵһӡ
˵ղŵȫȷģҲܳκβŶԡ
ǲ֪ΪΣԷıӾȻûܵ˿𺦺ʹѹԤ׵Ĵϡ
ѲǸղʲô
ξѾ˱ӵĶǧ˿˹ȥ۾һ˿̽ȫûںԼϵ˺ʹ
ʵղһеĿԲҪж϶ǧ˵ıӡ
ԼļûгκβĻղǼ¾˶ǧ˵ıϲŶԡ
ΪûжıκӰ죬ıջǴԼϣ
һξЩ÷˼ȴҲκ©
ڷӦһ֮͵óһۡ
ֻ̨ϵξһŽһֻŽֻ첲ͨһһ
ѲҸղŵǼûնı𡭡
̨µĲǺУȻ̨ϵĶǧȴ
ξɻʲôطʼҲͬ׸λشĻ
ǶǧЦЦԹԵĶξ˿ڡ
Ҫξ࣬ںܶпͷ·˵һûͷûβĻһ
ΪҺξǾ
ûķʽնҵıӵĻ˵޽ġΪҵıͷ·һӵнղ֮һκηƻҲǺôġ
һ仰˵жξⳡġ̡
Ϊǰ״ǲܹı֣ôͺѻĻһЩаյľٶˡ
Ϊξõ¼ԷõǱý޷ӵĻǾûа취ټս
ն϶Է鶼ĻξʵҲҲʲôͻƿˡ
ýӭĻ붼룬ӾԻסԼĽ
ӱֲܵκε𺦣ξ˵˵һ޽⡣
˵Ļñ˱вʣξһʮֶñͨˣ
֪ǿӲļȥĻҲһĻнĻҲһԼⳡ
ȻҪԣǲòҪѧܵġ
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425 

ҵȷӦѧξںЦЦ
ǽЦݾˣøӵһЩ
Ȼӿȥһɵȴԭ뷨
ֻվĶǧ˾ֱ˵ƽҵĻҾķˡⲻһͨľΪβٳһأ
ĻʹⳡȴҲûκεź
ξģҲġ
ǧû뵽ξѡ񣬲ȻԷûѡĻǶȻҪսȥѡ
ǧ˶ξһ˿壬ڹؼʱ֪˵ģеʱ򲻷Ҳһ־
ѵľܹ֮о֤ξǸˣһǱǧϿ˵ġ
һξûԥȻҪһɵĻȻҪ
ֱ˽ŲԶĶǧ˴˹ȥ
ǧ˵طӦ˵ξѸ٣Ҳݣ˦˱ӣסһ
ξȻʾûټԥȥĴ㣬̳ʤ׷
Ͼʹ̳˵ڶһ΢һɫѶǧ˵ͷնһơ
ȻܵһεĹ֮󣬶ǧԵһЩȣû뵽ξٶȻ֮졣
˵һֱ˳ӲĻξǾԲԼɰ˺ġ
ڼȻѾܹõ˺ԼϵһЩλĻǾɼʽȥԿˡ
ֹغϣ˵ξռ·磬ҳ׵׵ⳡȻǧ˵Ҳûõȥ
ʼʱξƵ״̬һֱ첲ǧӭսȻŪʵΪǱ
·϶ò˵˼Ѫۣ϶ξĽ滮һӡӣЩѪ
˶û󵽵ģֱξⳡȴҲü۴Ц
˵ˣҲĲرѿ𣿡
˵仰֮ξҡҡλε̨ϳʱĶһޡ
ָֻ⸱ɵӣ¸輸˼ǾЩЦż˿ۡ
֪µξǿջЦȴҲܾ԰ο
ΪǶξ˽⣬ȫξǺεȵġ
ٶ԰οһĻòӦ̬
Ƿ¸迴ģξĽ֮Ҳֻ˵һ仰ξļ
ˣξ
ξ˰֣ˬʵЦЦȥͺʲô鶼ûһ
˵ЦǲһԼ飬ʵϵĿϣԼͬǲҪ̫ڵԼ
һɫصˣɫı֣û׼ҲܸһͬȥĹأ
ûʹ˱Ҳлᣬ
ϾȥμĹʱ򣬻油ѡ֡
ۺ۵ĻξδѡϣԷ¸ϵıҲ˲١
ξҶΪԼôǣǿĵĳ˻⣬ôҵעֻص˾ϡ
¸ҲˣһĿְ㲻úõĹעһ³ϵôУ
Ҫ˵¸ζһ֣ȻΪξǺҲ֪˷¸ƼһС
Ҳ֪Ƽ˵ʵݣȻƽʱʱǲ𣬵ҲΪ¸費ԼƼ˵һ㡣
ξܹ̹Ȼ˵ҲȫΪڸ¸ȤһĿЦѡ
ûξ˵¸֣һͬμУĸ꼶Ʒ
ͷ¸ҪӲҪ˵Ļǻôһϵ
ûһϵҲѧԺѧԱ
Ծξ˵һǻᾡܵȥıݣԴҾְעתƵ̨ϡ
ʵӲҪ˵Ʒ˵ĻƼҵˣԸǲ
Ǳĸ꼶Ҫ࣬һֱʱһʮֳĬԵ󣬼¸趼ûô˵
˵Ҳôʱȥעı֣Ͼڷ¸迴Լ˼ҵĹϵҲرĴ
Լĸ⣬ƼҼҲûʲô÷¸رϲˡ
ƷȻΪ¸֣ƽҲôܷ¸ӡ
Ҳô¸磬ֻżʱᰵй۲һ·¸裬ʱҲûǰ¸轻
Ϊ֮ǰһЩƼұҵԭԴҲ̫˽⣬ȻҲûв롣
ӲҪ˵һЩ˽ĻǴƼҵĳ֪ġ
ȻԼϵòȤȴҲûӽ
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426 

ѧԺƷ
ѧԺ
һθƷԴһȥͬ˹˹ĵˡ
ĸӲǺܸߣͬ˵Ҫ΢һЩ
ɫҲҪ΢ԵЩףȴǲ԰׵ɫֻðݡ
ҲǳŮӣСɾ£ëǳ˳
忴ȥֲ˾Ǹǻֻ湫ˡ
˵Ǹ¸һŮװĻҲǡ
Է¸һ۾ܹԷǸӡ
ôµӣԼĸ׷б⣬¸軹δҲ¡
ξһԸµشһڡ
¸裬еĳ̫һЩֱһƴ
˵֮˶٣µĲˣǸɳϪѰҲͦģֻҪɳϪѰһЩ
ԶʱԵЩ顣
ֱֻţμӵĸòѡɣȺôñŮӻ㣡
ĻԼĸվڸ꼶ԵһЩ̿
õļҽ̻ѸٵİЦ˻ȥȻר־Ŀ̨ϵı
̨ȻѾʵ֮ǰļҲѾʶƷı֡
˵㲻رĳڣҲֱӾ޵˵ģȻıҲǺܲ
ҪҲѧԺ˶ǱʾϿɵġ
ҪҲȽرǰóһֱһѽ
˶óѽı
¸˶Ʒﲢ˽⣬Ȼض˵
꼶ļ˼ʶƷıȻҲıʲô
ͳѽӦľҲֲˡ
һƶʮҪΪ֮ʶ˶ԷĲƽƵóı
ʵտʼʱԸԼıġ
ΪûеҪͷʱ򣬲¶ԼԽĵƾͶԼԽ
ⳡƷȻǾЩˣԲò
ı֮ڳ˼һ¡
¸Ǵ̨̽ϡ
ξʱӲ磺¸裬û֣Ҳ࣡
¸Щ鶼֪¸һɻһף࿴ȥֹ֣ȴʮõӡ
ܹɸָĿģһЩصĹЧ
񿴵ƷҲһټ˵Ĺϵξ̲סԴȤ
¸ȻҲû뵽ԷıȻһ˵ԼΨһͬĵطžΪ˱Լȴӵġ
¸裬ڲҪʱ϶ó
ʵ½Ҳв˸¸һͨʱǲģ
ûļӳ֣۱ͶԽиָľֻһ˲Żѡ
ֻһУˣʹˡ
ѧԺĺƷһޣֻĵȼҪƷһЩѾһʱˡ
ҲΪƷѡһֱӶԼԭ
õľͷ·ýһƺܹȷáһ߹۲ųϵΣһע⵽ƷǱߵ״
ʼԷһһأÿζƷֵ˻ȥ
Ķͷ·ǰФ˽һȫûӦеó
ﵽڻòϣҲֱܹƳһЩʺĳõӡֻ˵ѾýΪϰߣŻѡķʽֿҾＴʹǵ˽ҲõĿԣÿһжܹػȥ
Ƿ¸ڼ̵Ĺ۲һ³ϵ֮󣬸ۡ
ϵҲ˲Ϣˣһע˼ı仯
˵ǸƺûռϷ˼Ȼÿһжǲģͷ·޵Ʒһ
Ȼ¸һ뷨ٻԼޡ
Ӵ˾ϣһ󾪺
˽ޣ˵ûʲô˵ģǶѧԺѧ˵ӦѾǿˡξڿ˺ٻ֮󣬾͵ۡ
¸ǿƷӮⳡĻӦøԼһ
ȻԷѡ˼ĳԼԼ޵ĻôƷӦһЩӡ
˵֪˵ԼǷͬ˵ûףҲӦһЩԱʩŶԡ
ȻƷȴû˼
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427 ֮

֣ôԼѲɡ¸üͷ̨һƷͶȥɻĿ⡣
֪ԷΪûκζ
Ҫ֪ٲĻֻҪԼǰƷƷҲûз֮ˡ
Ҳ÷¸費ɵõĻƷǷʲô֮
ķѵĲˡʱվڷ¸Աߣʼû˵ԯһ
Ҳǻش˷¸ĵɻ÷¸˲Ȼʡ
ͬǸղѾ뵽˵Ǹӣ֮ǰһУԼΪĵƷ
ƷһһأûټԸԼˡ
Ȼ˵ĻҲӦûӰɣѲֻûԼ޲ɣξҲԯ˵Ļʲô˼Ǿ͵˵š
ȻƷȴʼûٻԼղݲճⳡܸѧԺѧ
һƬȻ˶ƷΪʾ⡣
ΪٻԼ޵ĻδزܹˮһսⳡͲƽ޹ʵˡ
˵ɣά˹ȶƷɻ
ʲô֮Ϊ²ٻԼԼޣҪ֪ˮһսĻҲһ䣬ʵǴҲ֪
ά˹ѯ£ƷȻȻҲ͸һ𰸡
ûи߼ԼޣߵĵȼҲֻ߼ѣٻҲӮⳡ
˵֮ά˹˲صԭվǸλãû˵
ϵı鿴ȥĮޱȣƺûʲôҲΧİȤһ
˵֪Լûκεܹ֮ⳡҲΪλˡ
ٻԼӦսҲһܹӮⳡ
һԼΪģҲҪʱ׷Ҳ˷Ѵҵʱ䡣
¸ȴһЩɻ߽Լ޾ԼҲܹԼЩ飬ԼСӵĳԱŪһͷ
ΪѧԺ꼶ľӢҳֻûκһͷ߽Լأ
ܾöԷ˵ûκε֮ȴʲô
ֻһԼڲܹ͸ϸҲû׷ȥȤҲͲ֮ˡ
¸ҲֻǿһƷҲû˵Щʲô
ѧԺѧԱֻʣˡ
ʣµܷȫԱɹ˵ܵ˵ʣµҲǳɹĽܾ
ܹҲʮѣѧԺܹʣѾǲĳɼˡ
¸ԯôȣһܹģξظڸ˭Ʊ
ʵ˵ҲѾܹ˽״ˡ
ڽʣʮˣÿ֮ǰйٵļһҶǵʵ˽⡣
ξƶǶ˻Ҳ֡
Ϊ¸ԯǳ͵ģһ·˵ȫѹʽ
һ˵ǲģȻǶ˵ֶκʽΪˣҲδؾͲܹӮǡ
˵ֱ¸ԯ䶼ûɳϪѰ⡣
δսҲһź
ȻҪĶ֣ܹһ¶ԷʵҲһ
һҪϳѧԱѧԺķ¸ͺѧԺ̷Ӯ˽ֱӻǰĹǰʮ
Ҳ˵Ƿ¸һˣֻҪܹӮⳡͿ˳ȥμĹ䡣
Ƿ¶Ӯ䣬ⳡʹ֮ǰһжǰˡ
Ȼô˵¸ڵһЩȫϳġ
ĶֶһЩӳ¸軥ʺʱ򣬶ͷϾ˺Եĺ顣
ѧԺ¸衣
顢ѧԺ̷񡣡
ԷԼʺʱЩͣ¸ȻȻ̧ͷŶԷ¶һº͵Цݡ
һЦԭЩŵ̷©һģһʱ֮䲻֪ηӦ
¸赹ûʲôʺ֮ȻȻ˻صԼλãŵȴŶԷС
Ȼ̷ԭŪ˺óһʱ䣬ڷ¸˻λ̷֮ûдӸղŵл
ѧԺ̷ͬѧ˵涨λã󾡿б
Ŷ̷ŷӦе㾪ԼΪλá
Ǿָɫ˵ָλãžʹȳС
¸ԷѾվˣѾӭս׼ϵɫҲ࣬ȥûʲô
ǲ֪ΪΣ˾Щ
˵ϵıɺ㣬ȴ̷֮ǰǸ˵ˣȻûĴ˸
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428 㱨

˵̷ǻЩͷ
֮ǰӱһ·˳˳ˮҲ֤ЩŬȴԵ̷ϡ
̷ǽӴˣûгɹĽˡ
ñ¸¸裬Ȼǲ顣
۶ԷǳʲôʵݣԼὫܡ
ԼӮⳡȻȻҲҪ顣
ξΪԼĻӡ𡱡
¸뷨Ƕ˼СŮԣȻƽһ侲˵ӣٻ͸¶˼
ԯ䵽׻ǶٵЩ˽⣬ԿóĿתܹͨĿתԡ
ʱµʲô˼ɵõҡͷЦ
Цת˲ţ˶ûв׽õ
ǰ¸һ·ӮĶʮɣùԼޡ
εܾƺҲĳʲôԼĵƿһϣԼǼʶԼƵǰչʾˡ
Ϊ̷ȻЩӳģȻӸտʼʱͲ״
ڷ¸öԷʵǹڽţԼʱô֮
¸輴ϣԵʮӯ˿˾ЩĿ˼
ϵ˶ר־ĹۿⳡһֱʮصɳϪѰҲͶĿ⡣
ԭ¸Ͷ˼ܹ̽óѧԺ˲򵥡
ҷ¸豾Ѿ۶˶֪ͷ
ǵʦݾѾ˵۶ԼѧԺѧһŻٵ˽⡣
ֻһݾĽλ͸˵Էֿȵ
ʼʱ˻ΪûʲôͷƼҵ㴫Ƿꡣ
ͬʱ˵һ㣬͸ʵˡ
ڳ˿Ҷһ¶϶˹ķΧ֮ڣ¸Ψһһܹڵˡ
ȴ֪˫ޣǽһҲ¶ڴҵ£ڳ˾ͲǾôˡ
ټ֮ǰļӮõ쳣ɣҲ̷ʼʱԷ¸Щŵԭ
֮ǰѧԺѧԱ˽¿˵˭ҲѧԺЩɷǡ
ֻҪѧԺ⼸ѧԱͿ˵˳ˡ
Ȼ̷ȴãһ˷¸衣
͸ⳡϵƺ
˾ͳ׵ûлˣԼʵǶȻܽ油еģҲһѡ
뵽̷ŵɫʧӰ٣ҲԥɫȻֱӭ˷¸Ĺơ
¸ֻǰһֻӯһڳǰһξ֮󣬼ԷӦ˹Ҳûѡǰ˼վԭؿʼͷԼ
¸˵ܹôݣһʦر
⣬Ǿûʸ͸¸軹ܹƸ߼ҩˡ
ŶԷ貵Ĺâ̷ֱԼҪ˴֮ˣ
ܹھʱ֮ڷӦҪҲߵز
ܹվľ¸սܹ֤ʵˡ
Ƿ¸ʽҲԲ׾پܹԸ˵ġ
Ȼ̷ԼʵһЩڣǶܷ¸ȴһЩ
̷ˣһζĶͷûõģҪվ̷ĺѧԺԺ̲סѡ
ѧԺ˵ѾһѧȷϽˣһܹǺ¡
̷񶼲ܹĻǺѧԺֻռһԺѧԺԺȻԵһЩġ
ôһѣ̷ŷӦ
Ҳ֪ԼֻһζķûκνĻҲᱻԷĹʱͺ޻תˡ
̷Ϳʼ뷽跨Ĺ¸
Ȼ¸ĹȴҲôöԸģÿһμѹ̷ûлĿܡ
ܶʮֳôʹԶԷ
¸һǺɳ۶̷ҲٶȵֵţͷϵĺѾԽðԽࡣ
ڼѾǿûֵˣȻȴһжûʹ˵վ˵۶ľ̨֮ΪǱһΡ
ֱҪȱ˵ǸѧԱҪΪǱһЩ
һֱҲеĻᣬôӮʤ
̷һţһûзѰʱ
̷ץһյƴȫͷųѾʷӳһιˡ
-

429 Կ

̷õ¸ȵľᡣ
ֻҪץס˶ԷҪĿյʵҲǸ˷¸һĻᡣ
ѸٵĻ̷ȻȲϷ¸衣
̷ץյеһ̣¸ҲֱӳС
˵ڰҪ˵ġ
ȻŵĿУͲѷַ¸ͷųûбǽ̷ͷųɵˡ
žѸײڶ̷֮ɳ۶ȥ
̷ɴ۾ǰһĻ˵ܹӳ˹ȴҲˡ
̷ǱȻܹӦùȴҲмܵ˺֮⡣
Ҳû˻תأֻܱۣھ̨ϣһʵ
ⳡó׵ף²ҽһֱ̣
̷˵һжˣʧȥȥμĹʸ񣬵ȴҲķڷ
Ȼ϶һЩС˺ۣҲ⣬Ƕ˼ֵȻ
̷һ˫˼۾վ̵۵ӽǿŶ׼³ķ¸裬ǺѧԺѾ˵Ҷ
¸ѽѹԵʤ´ܸܲԷӣԯһòã¸һ˾ξ˵
Ļ¸ֻЦЦûж˵Щʲô
ԯһضξ˵ƤˣҪҲһҵ飿
˵ԯѾߵ˷¸վһ͵һվһԲˡ
ĻȴǵξһҲǸϽܻӵߣһѱסӡ
һŵ˵ԯ̫ˣϳвңһҪӮô죡
Ļٴ̿
µõξ˵ȫǷһԯӯҪ˭졣
ûһ͵ˡ
ԯ¸һⳡӮ˵ĻǾʹҲɹؽܹȥμĹǰʮ
˱Ǿʧۣ֮пܽ뵽油֮С
ԯʵĿõģ֮ǰ˽ˣֻ˵ǲ˽ˣһ֮жܹóʵ
˵Ǳȷ¸迴ȥҪԲһȴӰʵķӡ
ΪһУ¸ȵڵġ
ԯɽļӳ֣ʵһ¥֮ǰıҲԺˮơ
˵¸ǳ־սĻԯͬҲѹԵʤ
ԯȴϰԿ׼ݵķʽڼ֮ڽԷԼÿһĶֶһЩŷɥ
ԯ䡣ԯѾܸӵ˵֣֮ǰһԲġ
ǵ˾ټԺرҲҪ˵Լ֣Ը
ȻվҪΪֵˣƺȴһס
Ķһԯ䣬òôǣǶһĪԴĸо
ΪЦرĵ⣬ҽܵʱԯơ
һǳ˲ӣͺ˭벻Ƶģ֮ǰЩ˶ֻ̫ˣǷŵ㻹һܹӮùңưɣ
Է˵һ֮ԯüĿֱɨվǸһ֮ɫˣȴû˵Щʲô
Ȼʹ˵Щʲôվ̨µξȴˣֱӸн
Уڱ˵ϻҾٱ
㣡˺Ȼû뵽Ȼԯ˵һ˲ֱЩƿԡ
Ϊξ˵Ĳûдڱʼ֮ǰҽеļҽܡ
ܴòԵʺ˵ǱҪģ˵˵ϰߡ
ȴû˸ҽܵʱҽܣ˵һЩûõĻ
ΪͷϾҪˣǸû˵Щҽܣֱӳѡ
ǰĻξ˵ĵҲûʲôǸҲ֮ࡣ
ΪܹбȡʸǸ˵Ҳ֪ˡ
˵ŵĺܣ̬Ҳ˲٣ֻҽܡ
ѧԺ̫磬ѧԺѾԳнˡֻҪҲܹĻͱ뻹гͷ֮գ
仰˵ĻǷǳţ˵֮ǰǽҽܣȻ仰Եϻ
ԯȴûиƽϣ̨µξҪ˵ȴҲ
ȻԯȴûзŹԷ˼ֻֻ侲̧̧ƤŲѯ
ڿԿô
˱ΪҪŭȻ˵һ仰ȴóϱЩѻȸ
-

430 ڽ

Ҳδڵһʱ֮ڷӦҲ̫ϲѧԱ
ǳڱְȻԯѾ⣬ͻֱӻشԯ䡣
ǵģ˫ҽѾϣֻҪ˻ָλñԿʼ
˵ţҲͬʱʾ˵ָλá
ԥתߡ
Ȼ˵λõʱ򣬻ûüת͸оһ
ǷӦݵģҪʱתӦսȴҲˡ
ûתֱӱ˴б󷽵λý̴˹ȥ
ûüĶӦʱѾǰ˼žֱǱض˵ϡ
ŵأϸһĴѾ˺֮⣬Ҳ˵Ѿⳡ
ֻ䵭Ŀһ۳ϵ֮ͺԥʯӡ
ΪĽֳ״һΣҲΪٴѧԱˡ
ʵ̫һЩе㲻ܹ˼
ھˣڲпҲӦġ
˲⣬ڳ˼δܹڵһʱ֮ڷӦôһ¡
ⳡվָλ֮󣬾Ѿ˽
˵Ǳ֮ǰѧԺʱԯһٶȻҪһЩ
Ȼʼڵϣ˺һûж
Ҳ֪ΪԼ̫ǱԸ޷ڵһС
ΪӦηӦܹȥô
ʵҲΪɽĽµεĶһһ
ڱ֮ԯһƣɽ˻
ɽھһ㣬ԼĲôľ룬Ҳܹԯɵٻء
ԯɽ֮ǱĴӵ
ĴһҲԼϵĻңȻͺسŲнһָԯ䡣
УôӮأǷˣһûзӦôһͳ֣Υġ
ҲûиӣǵڷĻȥͺüͨһ
չĻȷѾռָλãһ̿ʼȫǺġ
ǾЩţʵԭҲΪԼղ̫ǱԾҪʱЩӣҪصѧԺ֮󼸺Ҳûˡ
һָԯ䣬һ߲ǿʶ
ܣվ˵һ̳УҲٶȣһ˲
»˵оֱüͷȻķ
ѵǻϷ۾⣿ֻ˵㻳ڳйۿⳡ˵񣿡
仰ʮֵ˫꣬ǴԼݵλִڳйۿⳡˡ
ǿʶĻôͿԱΪزУͬҲԱ̨µ
ΪΪֹû˻ⳡʵԣΨһһԯеȴҪʱԷȻǲġ
͵Щ룬ҪԷʱʼûпһԯȴ˵ˡ
ջָ
ԯ˵仰ʱûзӦô¡
һӦûѡջָǸӵš
Ϊܹŭԯ䣬Ǿͺһָ߽ԯ䣬һơ
ôָˣҾͲջҵָҪһֱָ㣬ܰôбͿѽ
ԼҪģڳ˶ˡ
ԯޱ˵仰֮󣬾˻ûзӦôµʱֱǰɽˮĽһֱָǸָˡ
֮ͬɱһĽҾ徵Ļص˾ϿգԼǱ˵ָϽصĵطӿѪ
жһֻ۱һֻۣοƣԼʸܣټˡ
ѧԺ˰ԺڣʮֵĸǶ
ͬѧԺľӢҪҲվλãȴͬҲѧԺ˸Ʋˡ
˵֮ѧԺ̽ŵˡ
ⶼǺˡ
ԯİԼһƬž̨ⳡҲǸһ䣬һһľš
ѧԺս˵ֱΪ꼶ά˹ԼΪ꼶ԯͷ¸衣
ѧԺռһѧԺԳУѧԺɳϪѰѧԺĶǧˣѧԺĺԼѧԺҶ
-

431 ǰ

ΪȷһʧһǰμĹ䣬ѡ油ѧԱ
һг䶨֮󣬲Աξʼ油Ա
油ԱҲڶʱھ۹涨õģóûᵱ
ĻڴȥμĹ֮ǰܹ׼
ýŰ˵᲻ңҪ֪ǰУξƴģҪûҵĻ̫Կˣ
ûȲԱ油ѧԱξֱʩ״Ŀŵ˵š
¸һԵЦһѾ͸һеӡ
ʵþ۵Ļξıﻹܹŵǰġ
Ϊ油ԱӦξλãֻ⸱ӣ˵Լ뷨ˡ
ϾҪһ
ԯͬҲû˵ʲôֻվһһԲҰŸ
֪ģΪǳԼǰʮء
Ϊ˿ܹǰʮ飬˵Ǹ춯صİһҫɣĵôҲҪЩȸԾ
ԯ䲻ûбֳκϲϵı鶼ġ
ѧԺļ˽⣬˶Щɻ
²ǲǷʯһֱŸ
ӵǵһӦͣһӦξˡ
İξʵ϶ܹǰġǼʽ΢һĶѾˣҲ㹹вˡ
ξӵĻ֮󣬳Ĭ˰Σ˵ظӣҪǲ˵Ǿ仰һ΢һЩ
油ѧԱ
еʱξҲټȥǽĿתƵ̨ϣһžλѡ
油ѧԱֱ顢һξӺ
֮󣬳һƬȻ
ڷ¸˵ǽΪϲģξһŵӡ
ɣԭֻ˵ģ벻ѡˣ
Ҳǵɴ۾ǺžԼҲѡһ
ҡҲѡˣ
ӻЩɣξҲ˲ϾԼѡϵˣǸϽӣʵ
ûѡˣҲŬжүɡ
¸ȻԵԼĻеˡ
û뵽һθԼĻ龹Ȼ˼˵ٺòϢˡ
ϲǰǴҿһȥˡҲҿܹһȥҪҺԯܻʲô
¸ЦŶξӵϲξڶһ˷ܵı飬Ȼû뵽ԼõϢ֮Ǹеʮϲġ
ǵϲ֮󣬷¸תͷʼѰҶֵܵӰ
Ͼһһα̭ıȽ磬ȻҲƽı֣һڱлܹչʾҲѡˣȻҲͬҪϲ
ûά˹Ӱȴһ
Ƿ¸ֱǰȥ˵ֱӳϲԯʼո
һϲ㰡ֿһͬԶˡ
˷¸żЦĻһЦŻشȻЦȴеǣǿ
¸迴ŵĶǳѯʣҲЩɻ
ôˣڵʲô𣿴оܹó
һ˵Ļ¸ǾԲӲ˵ȥġ
ֻû뵽ǣһûκԥڷ¸ѯ֮ͺԥ˵Լڳŵԭ
ʵһ˵ֲ̫˵ģƺʮֲȷһ
ղ油ѧԱҲˣҵǲ⣬
Ļ֮󣬷¸ЩȻص˵ͷһڳʲô
Լѯܹ֮ԥĻش𣬹ҲΪֳ
Ϊά˹ôҲǸôһϵڵġ
ֳĻһǾԲʣΪʹֵܶ˱
뷨Ҳ˷¸Ȥ
ʵ¸ʼõ油ʱҲȷʵһЩġ
ҲΪ油С
˵ǰᶼӦеģп϶ʲôèڡ
ʼʱڱѧԺеڲͱԯһнˣǴⷽûн油ѧԱеʸ
ͳѾ϶Ǹ˶ܹµóм价ʲôֽš
ֻҶһֻ۱һֻۣĬ˹ȥ¸ԴҲرĸȤ
-

432 

ʵϢһ̨Ҳը˹
ҹĵƺ飬ѧԺ顣
ϾһѡȫѧԺˣԴҶЩ
Щһѡ油ԱǷǴ˽ġ
ֱֳɻ
ǲҲ̫ƽһЩΪ油ԱȫǴѧԺѡģ
˵ԭѧԺ֮ѡʮ˾һռѧУΪξ油ԱѧԺˣ
ߴߴҳһţȻֱֳӷĲʵϾ͸ûһ
ΪûѡԼԼѧԺҲͬûѡϣȻԷЩɡ
ҲܿվѧԺԼ˵һ乫Ҳǵʵ
ʲôֵģѧԺ֮УѧԺڰסѧԺеЩѧҲǵ֮ʵȻ֮ϣҲûʲô˸еɻģ
Ľ֮󣬳ڱѻȸ
Ϊ֪վ˵˵ķеģ۶ѧԺһֱԵ۶һѧԺơ
һܹǰĹ䣬ҲѧԺѧԺһᡣ
ʵѧԱѧԺѧԺҪԲһ
ӹɵģҲǱȻʵ
Ծ油ѧԱȫѧԺѧԱҲʲôֵ顣
һ֮ҲȷӦúúõķ˼ǷԼ뷨̫ƫһЩ
ڼҲͬ˹油ԱһЩ˵Ҳɻ
ΪҶĿ⿴ϣ˶̫顣
еɻҲͱûУûע⵽
Ϊʲôһ۶ռûнˡ
˵Ҳ˵еɻĵطǸһһġ
ٲҲע⵽ˣһ油Աϳһڱûм˵֣ҲҵС㡣
Ϊ˻Խֻٲ˸ɻ˶ѡĬĽ鷭ƪ
ʵҲϣҪǻòܵĻٹܡ
ҾɻҲֻСѯһ£֮ͱûˣҲûעõ
ʵϾôһ£ľˡ
ڵ֪ά˹˳ȡܹȥμĹʸ֮һʱҵҼ
ƽʱˣά˹ҪȥĹ䣬ʲô紵ݶᵣġ
һҡҼĸ첲һ߸Ž
ʵҲһЧϾⳡԼҼ׼ġ
ԼĽڣҲֻܱΪҪά˹ˡ
Ǽ뷨һҲһ棬Ұǰ
ϾӴ󣬼ʹһѡſҪʮϸҲδزܸԼš
ȻһҼǶһԼʱ崺硣
ֱӵ˵СıӣȻΪĶԵĿ˿ڡ
ѽǵС˼һ֪ʵ᲻ά˹磬մǲݶԲԣС˼һܲ𣿸ο㻹ҴСųģһൽڡ
ѽˡһ̶뿪ά˹أοεĻѵһҦҲȥ棬͸ɣ
˳Ҽ룬֮ԼĿĴﵽ˾ǹˡ
ȻΪԼĿĲݡ
οֱҼǰ˵ΪһöԷԻӦԼҸԼ취ֶνԼͽ油ѧԱĶ顣
ڶΪһԼ˽ıҪȥ
¹⣬Ҫȥ׷ά˹˵οߵķ¸ҲһǰʮĶ֮С
ǶԷܹȥ϶ԼȥϵĻ˵ֱĪĳ衣
ԲϧһдۣҲҪȡߺŵĻᡣ
ҼȻֱӴӦģҲһĪչ
ϾҵһֹϵȴҲ۶Ц
Ҳ˼һ֮Ϳʼ⡣
Ǽ㣬Ҫƾҵһ֮Ҳʵ԰쵽Ҫܹһ㻹ҪʦæָͬᵽĻȻǿΪ油Աһͬȥģ
ԣǰһ
֪Ǿ֤⻹ϣ֤лܹȥ
-

433 ɹߺ

Ҽ˷֮ѧԺҵԼʦ
ʦҼһ谮Լ
һ㣬ǱŴСݣƽҲһȳӡ
һθɴ編ƵģͬҼǰһȥԼʦ
ʦʱ˿ҲѧԺڣԵʦİ칫ʱǡ档
ˣʦȻҲͷͷĹȻ̧ͷŻ·ң˹ȥ
ž͵ЦѯʳǰΪ£Ҫ֪Ѿͷɲʲô鶼Ϊʦġ
һ⻰֪Լʦǿ͸ԼС˼װɰͷ
СһıԼʦĮ̇ߣȻһ棬ְԼʦѯ
ʦѡȥĹ˲ŵҲ֪ˣܲҵĹֲţڱԺĴϾֱ䵽˱һ˵油Ѿˣǲ֪ʦԸԸæأ
˵֮Լʦ˽ͬҼʱһ˻ĸ첲
ȻʦҲԲһףԶû˵ʹӦɴ̬ȸҼһģһ
˺ˣΪʦǾӦˡİɣͷҾ͸Ҽϵʱһȡ油㰲ĵȴǡһȥĹȷʵѵãȥҲΪʦġȻҲȥҲҵ⡣
ʵʦҲﰵֹΪҲǸԯʵǸֲš
ʹͽˣʦҲǶԷ⣬ԼͽûκεĹϵ
Ҳû뵽ԼʦȻӦˬ졣
һϲӣסԼʦĸ첲Ȼл
ллʦʵ̫ϲˣҪʦһӵͽܣ
ĻʦãЦҡҡͷ
ʲôû˵һͬȥ
ϵʱҼʦһ̤ͬ˷Ҵš
ǰѳɽ˵ǸѶܵԺѧԺĹ̥
ʼʱֲѣҲȷǱ̭ˡ
ǿΪرıֺͶصʽһζ油ԱҲ֮һ
ҼʦϢʮͨһ紵ݶʹڻû油Աǰݷá
ʵĿԲˣԷʶȤĻȻ˵ʶȤҲûбİ취ֻӲġ
˵˾ǿҵѹȡһεĻᡣ
ڵ֪ԼļҪԼʱȻһȴ޿κΡ
ΪԼûа취ҵֿܹΥ´
˵ϵҫҲı롣
ʹһνֻһΪ油ѧԱȥĻᣬȴҲġ
ȻòڴʽĻ֮󣬻һĻᣬȴҪˡ
Ͼ·ңҪĶҪѾĻõ֣ҲҪΪ֮ۡ
ƸĴ۾ǽԼһλṰˣȴҲûȥμĹĻᡣ
ȻˣһƵʱȻǲְҸʩԵѹԼƵİίǶһжǺѧԺԸ˵ġ
оΪλĸԸؽһλṰˣǾͲö֪ˡ
ڽֳĻ֮УһĻ
ҲԭҪƵλãռ֮еһϯ֮أΪ˴еɻ
ȴҲԼԸ
ΪһжѾüޣĹ伴̾ҪʼԵ۶׼֮ȻǾҪϳȥġ
ҲΪǰĹһ׼ʵҲΪٴһϸ¡
ΪһѧԺѧԱǰʮȻǵ۶ѧԺʦӡ
¸ǵѧԺĴʦʦҲͽ͵ͨΪʦܹд۸ˡ
ΪһξΪԶĹϵǼǰλѧԱó׼
ʦڼ̵һǵг֮󣬾ȥ׼һ·ķˡ
ѧԱԭȴţֻҪʦ׼֮Ǿͻˡ
Ϊһ֮˶ѧԺԴҼʶ
ر¸Ĵ⣬֮նǢ
Ϊά˹δԭʼվά˹ߣ粽롣
ά˹ȻЩΣȴҲֻ·ңңǰ¸ԯ
һ΢һЩԸ¸վһ
-

434 ִ

Ҹ磬ǸŮ˲˲˵ܸһ϶Ľˡ
һʱ˿վԯԱߺһֱȴʦĵ̲סָָԶά˹
ǵȷ˵ά˹ѧԺ꼶վһ߻ʼ
ֻ֪Ϊʲô۹ʱʱһߴ̹
ɫʮֵĲƣƺͷ·ڿһĿߡ
ʵҲż˿мڲϵƣֻû˴ˡ
ԯǿǱ߿ȥԸûע⵽ˡ
¸ǿ˶ôҪǣߵյ͡
Ͼˣһ·ߴߴҲвٻ˵
οξڣһ·ȴʦǣҲɲôį
ѧԺЩѧͲһˣϾǶǸʦһͬģִŸԵѧԺ
ûͬһѧԺͬ飬ȻȻҲԵñȽϹ
ʦֶȥ׼ˣվͬһ
Ȼȥҹ¶ȴʲô
ȥ΢һɳϪѰúĿĴţһͿ˷¸һߡ
ҲܣֱĶţȫ±ע⵽Ŀ⡣
ʵĿҲŶ⣬ֻǵĺ̽ѡ
ȻҲԷ¸˵ݼΪ棬Ͼ֮ǰڳҲʶǵı֡
οԼҲûˣûעǴʱ˿ЩʲôǸ޼ɵĿʼ۲Χˡ
ǻԾ֮Уʦڴŷص
ȻȻϾҪߣڳļûм˶¶˾Ŀ⡣
ѧԺҲмûмģǲὫɫֵ̫ԣ͵͵ؽĿƵϡ
һԲع۲ţڹ۲ʲôϡʲһ
ıȽϹֱҲͷһμԶԺֵıȽһЩ
ѽô˵Ȼһ˫򣡡
ûгôǷ찡ξһԺĴûɵЦЦ
Ǿͺһͬ˷
һʦ׼˺üû˵ЩǷĻ˵һЩ޷
Ҫ˵ĹĻȻûôߡ
ɱֻ޶ѣƾͷĳ־ܹϼó
ҲΪѧԱڿ˷ʱ򣬶еЩȵԭ
ΪһȥȽϴæҲܽȻΪ˽ʡ·;˵ʱ䣬ʦǾ׼
ÿϴңʮѧԱλʦ֪ܹҪķжôӴ
ԵǷյʱտȥȵĵǷƺƵĴ顣
·ǷеľҲңԶ֮ʦĺõĸڳѧԱǽһεķǴʲôЧӦ
Щȫһһ𿴽ߣⶼǧġοһȥĸǵ۶ҫȻǿһ֮ڵ𡣡
˵µȻܹһձʹǵǣ¸ȻҲЩȡ
֪ķһЧ棬ȴû뵽ٶȾȻɴﵽ֮졣
ɼܹΪǴʲôãû˷·ϵʱ䣬Ͳ֪ж٣͸ϵȥμĹˡ
·ϵ˲ʱĻʱҪ׼Ҳˡ
·ϵʱʦǻѧԱǽעԼҪԵ飬ʵҪĻǽҪȥ
Ϊ¼Ե飬ȷõĻ֮󽫻ҪʲôĻھͶ᲻ȷˡ
ǵķֱӵĵһѧԺ賿ѧԺʱǽԿͷסȻڴһϸ¡
һ·ҲʦѯԼǳʶ֮һЩ
Ҵ֮У˵һ֮ڵ賿ѧԺ
˷ִ֮˻
̧ͷŰտȥȻӺƺƵŴ˴
Ӧ𱾵صѧԱġ
һǡɸһǰǰҲֻǼСĲࡣ
£κ鶼ѧԺԼء
ԺܶڸָϡŹֵķ϶Ҫκò
-

435 ӿ

ӴһѰ˼һȵأ벻ϲǿĵ۶
⻰Щ̶ִżֳ˼
˵⻰ˣǺΣǡɾǰӭӵĴˡ
ȻһδļλʦҲǼΣ˵ǶЩŵģȻЩ׼
οõ۶ô죬Ȼ˱˶Լ䳰ȷȻҪѪĻظȥ
ǰĴǷǳĻӭһξȻҲۻ˰ɣҲѵųӣǸм
ҴЩҩζĻشԴѧԺʦ
˵⼸λ۶ʦϵһλ˵֮ǰҲĳŻԷ̬ȡ
˵Ļ֮󣬲ûиԷӣöԷֺá
Գ浹ǽ˲٣ҲȲҲҪġ
Ͼǹ飬ǲϷĻڶԶԷʾ
ʦ֮İӿѧԱ߾Ҫúܶˡ
ξǱһһĳţóǻлȻξ̲סǳ鴤
Ȼ͵͵Ų˷¸ߣԯСĽ
¸裬ԯѵ˾Ͳ棬ΪǾôԣ㲻Ҳ𣿡
ԯ俴˿ͷ¸֮ξԴĵһ֮תͷȥûж˵ЩʲôҲûдξ˼
ξԯ⸱䵭ӣƺҲѾϰߡ
ҲͲԥǽĿֱתԱߵķ¸裬Ȼڴؿ
ƺڶ˵ԼѯʵĻԼͻָһ
¸ô֪ܲ˼ȻΣҲֻϵ˵
һĲ֪ͦģ֪Ļ˵˵ɡ
һ˽ԼĲˣξקʼվһԵӣҪһͬԼ͡
ӱԼ֮ξɤӣСĸǽ
ûҲҵõСϢȻһĹڰ֮ǰǸʱûǣⲢҲܹõ֮ǰʲô֪֮âΪһĹ͵۶ǽվġֻ۶ʤˣĽӴ˲ûʲôӸ۶˿
ξ˵ǵ۶һ
ҶķӦҲϰˣ֪ΪʲôҲûԷ
ξ˵Ļǽ컹˰ĳ档
޳ɲκ˶ܹʶõġ
οһһĻ೰ǰδе顣
Ĺغ۶£ҲͲ˵ûаëǮĹϵˡ
ϾôҲǵ۶ˣûаУҲӦԼݶǲŶԡ
¸Ȼ̫飬Ѿ˽Ҫʲôʵԡ
ҲǸԷȫûˣƤӡ
Ҳŷ¸˵ģĻ䳰Լ¸ȻǲŶǻֱʵöԷԼܹԷƷʲôĳ̶ȡ
ͿõöԷԶı졣
ξȥ֮ºǵֻҲ
˷ˣȻÿһѧʦ
Ҳܿǰȥڵ۶ʦԱվ
Щʦۼһټϰӿԭ򣬻˿ȥ۵սһҩζز˵
ԭİӿƺҪƴˡ
ºǵҲǸոյԸղڰеʱע⵽ߵΡ
ټ߹ʱ䣬ǰǰҲ׾ʲô
͸ĶԻҲڶˡ
Ҫ˵µϵʵǵЩͬҲĹ֮Ĳࡣ
Ͼÿ֮䶼вͬķϰߣҲ顣
ȴһɶصĵζӲҪ˵ĻָоǸɳϪѰ
ҲڿµȺ֮䲻ҪɳϪѰۣƺҪ֤ʲôһ
͸˵ˣ˴ʮֵˬ
˵Ұһֻǵĺˬˡ
ұ۶ǹɫζΪصĹҡ
洦߶ܹʽ˼ҲܹĿ
ͣ賿ѧԺԺžܹóһ֪ר˹ġ
-

436 Ĺ

ǵ˶һ߶һӣʵ⾿ǱľˣҲܹΪ֪ġ
ǵˣΨһһͬصǴ˵ʱǳֹ
Ҳ˵ǴӲ˵Ǻر͵˲Ż֮
۶Ȼڷ¸輸۶˵ΪеĴڡ
¸Ĳ½ûжõҲԵ۶νĹаɡ
˵Ĳôĸĸڵ۶ģõĽ͡
ԯ˵½˷¸⣬ҲûʲôҪȥںĶ
Է¸ĶĹĶеԵȻǲö˵
ôģȺʦһ˵ͷˡ
ֻºǵ˼ǹͬ賿ѧԺǰ㲻ͬģҲǰź
̬֮ȷ϶һ£ΪǶԥĿǰΪֹս
ҲĽӴ۶ʦŵλá
һˣͷֱߵǱߣͲ´˵š
ǵߵ֮ʲôû˵ͷ·һһһԹ۲š
ƫƫֲʼֻڰվһԣԵҲеڸС
ӲҪ˵Ļûвⳡ档
˱ϾǴڽӴҲ˵ǶʱȻҪʾ
˵ʱҩζȴ˿δ˸Ũ˼
һΪ˭ԭѧԺҲݵʧԶӭ
ĸҧüأҲ֪ǹΪ֮ڰʾʲô
˵ģȴֵ쾡ˡ
仰ȷʵûô򵥵˼ֻ˵ѧԺĻǾͷ·ǲӭ۶һ
ǱϿ۶Ѿ֮ˡ
ǲʺƺҲûʲôëȻҲʲôȴɾһЩ֡
λûȵضӦ¾Ӳ磬һھֲʲôûˡ
˵ĻǰŽһĹ䣬˿ɶϧȥǵڶλĶ簡
µ˵֮󣬻޵Ŀһǵˣǵȴһ²ؼ߸߹ӡ
ƺǾµҪǣҲ˻ˮ
µĿҪҲҪ䡣
͵۶ףҪƲˡ
Ҳֻ˸ӣԼˡ
ȻǰдԱµ˵Ļ֮󣬶ʱϾЩҲסˡ
¹ӵ⣬ȻǰԥȻܹɵĴﵽЧ
Ϊ˲ûмǳ˵ϣЩԹĿ⿴˵۶ˡ
¿ĳʱƴãǾֿʼһͼӴס
һεĿֻ˵۶ϡ
Ҫ˵ϴεĹھҲǵ۶οҪСһ㡣Ҫ֪ƽʱΪľˣһǶԹھǲСһЩĻɾҪˣ
˵֮һԼ˵ʲô˵ĻӣȥΪǷ
͵۶˶ĬûаĿŵϣǻ࿴
ûһԽĳɹ֮֮϶ҲһЩȻǸожЩҪݲ϶Է˼ˡ
ǵһںӣʼһɽͷ·ǰһĻĻһ־һķţȴûκεĹϵ
֮Ƕûи˵κһ仰ֱͺûκεĽ
ֻվûκθĿһ
¸һ˶ˣȻڼè塣
ҲܹóһԿϷȴ˿£ҲԲʲôʡ͵ĵơ
ʲôöԸĽɫʱȰͲȰˡ
ʼһԺһжûκεĹϵһʵҲȷڿϷˡ
ֻҪòɿԪˣǾߣΪλҪ̲ˮأ
뷨ǣҲƤ
ξϲռԵˣʱǿ棬һԳϵľķ
Ӳ˵Ļôһ¡
⼸Ĵͦ˼ģԷâ¶һִԹ۲죬䡣һ²ؼ߸߹ʵɽġֱҪЩӺƽﳣЩһˡ
ξôһ˵¸Ҫ̲סЦˡ
Ϊξ˵Ҳֲ
-

437 ڲ

һսȺ֮ڿԽص賿ѧԺˡ
Ϊ˵أΪĽΪء
ȻֻһѧԺѣĽȴʮֵգ˾òѧԺ֮С
ϸôôǽʸеĶһ
ҵԺ㹻һԺҲסϺöˡ
ڷס޵ϣξԭһԺӵ˻ͬסһ𣬰ͬԺӣֻסһӡ
Ժбֻʣһ䡣
Ҫ˵Ǳ۶ѧԺѧԱס޵ԺӵĻģȻҪ΢СһЩֻסˡ
еƻʮֲģз£۶ͬġ
Ҳʮɾڿͷ֮ǰѾʰˡ
ϾҲ¹ӵ⣬ԵȻҪ׵ܵȴס
֮ܶ¸סĻҲû̫뷨
һԸԳסǵԺӣά˹Ϊò͸꼶ļһ𣬲һҪ·ңֻѡһԺӡ
۶Ȼ䵽һά˹ԼѧԱס˷¸ԺӶߵԺ
ѧԺǼɵѧԱȻǶס˷¸סһԺӵߡ
ʦǲѧԱͬסģǶ䵽ѧԺһͷĵط賿ѧԺʦסһ
¸ΪѧԱȻǱŵѧԱסڡ
磬ౣءԺӣסʱһЦĳά˹˵
ά˹һΣʲôԸҲֵܹ̫ԣȻ⵽˵ɡ
ʼվά˹Աߣ˵ά˹˵ʼǰ֣Ӱá
οҲδףòʵһЩֻվߣδЩ
ģȴֺͷ·վά˹ҫһ
һŷ¸裬֪˻Ϊ֮ʲôޡ
ΪɳϪѰǶԷ¸һȺҲȤʱʱľͻ۲һȻע⵽Щ࣬
ΪĿǰҲֻǹһһȻǰɻѹȥɫҲĸĪ⣬ƺƽʲô
һ·ѧԺĺͺѧԺҶѾʶˡ
һҲע⵽¸ԶЩ֡
ڿһȺ˽Ժ֮󣬸Ҷ󣬾ͲɵõСѯ
˵СΪŷ¸裿
ҶĻ֮󣬻ͷһȺȥķתƺԺȥ
ǻش˺ĻȻԶԽԽԶǺõʮ
ΪʲôҲ֪֪ƻкϷˡ
˵кϷ˵һƬļԺӶᱻֵüȮˡ
Ͼס⣬ǵ۶ѧԱڳʳ涼ҪۼһģҲһͨõĴá
ԵʱҪǳʲôĿҲҪǣЩҶû˵ڰˡ
ĻƶǶƺûôһ£ɵ˵ͷҶıӰ׷˹ȥ
ϾǻҪסޣһֱԺǰɵվš
ڶһ磬Ҷ뷨Ӧˡ
賿ѧԺ֮ɿ߷¸衣
ܷ¸ܲܳҰУֻҪ뵽¸裬;öԷû
ǾöԷûĻ˾ͻʮֲġ
ֱһѭʱ䳤Ժ̲סҪȥҷ¸鷳
ټά˹֮ҲûʲôչԼʼƨɣﲻƽ⡣
֮ǰ¸ԯҶֵһͬʧ٣ڻ֮Ƕ˷ǳõѣټ֮ǰѧԺ֮ڷ֣͸ӵĿ߷¸ˡ
һϼûôϢõ£ڶʹһԹ˷¸ڵԺС
һԺֱӴɤӺ¸裬ҳ
ʵҲãȻ¸˲ϰʱ򼴱ҲǴû𴲵״̬
ξ˯죬һֱӴ󺰴Уǳ˲ˡ
ȻƽһεεĴСӣӲҪ˵Ļɤӿ治һĴ󣬾ΧļԺȫ
ԭסͬһԺά˹󺰴֮󶼲ɵõüͷ
ôз¸
֮Լʲô飬ֻҪ˳ĻҵעͶˣҲԼʲôˡ
ο·ңҲԹģɴֱӳƷ¸裬ȫû
-

438 

Ȼһݺݵ۾Ϊһ֮ɫؿŷ¸Ժţ׼ڶ
ĿľΪ˽˶ʱ¸ǳٳٲҲ
ǳ֮һֶû׼ã
ǻûڶ亰ʱ򣬷¸ԺžԶԷشˡ
ɴ۾ŵԭ򣬾Ϊ¸边Ȼ࣬û˿ҡ
˿ȥ䲻˵һ˿ƽյҲʲô̫Ĳڿֵ˶Ҫ̫ˡ
һĳǿˡ
¸赹ʱֱӳԷ
֪Сһкָ̣ʲô²Ͻⵢ˴Ϣ
Ĺ׼׶ΣƽҲûʲô顣
ӲҪ˵ĻǺú֮ƽʱϰͿˡ
󺰴УôҶ޷˯ټȥĻ˵Ĳ
ȫû뵽Լû÷¸ɹҭסˡ
ⷴʵӣ֪ԼЩ޻˵
Ӧ䣬Ҳ֪ܻشЩʲô
Ҳò˵¸ĻûиԼ·͸᲻֪ηӦˡ
ԭҪ¸ڶ˵ʽȫתشĻû¡
òӦһεĴԷת
ȴҪǿװ򶨣һ̲ͣʲôܹ䵱ʱ˿ظ¸ɡ
ҡұģѧԺ˵Ĺ֮ǰÿϰҲҪϰԱСص㣡
ȻʮǣǿȥҲЩȡ衣
Ҳûа취İ취ˣҲֻ
ǲӵĻĲ֪ܹʲô¸Ĳˡ
ʱԯӷ¸趫ߵķ˳¸һѾ룬
˿ȥΪңƽһͷ·ܾá
¸ߵķҲ˴ˣξһߴŹһҡҡλε˳
ҲһүӣӶһצΪʮֲ
ȻҲԼԺ˳ԺӵѧԱҲͨͨۼſڣƺ뾿ôһ
ξҲĻ˸ȫûȷ¸ڻӦξֱӲͷָʹš
С㣬һģⲻûѲĽھܵŴ徲ɣ¸ϰĻҲûҪɤŵİѴҶɣ
ξĻ˺졣
һֺӣѰڴǿʶ
ôһŮӼҼңӲ˵ķȻǲãֳĳҪֻˣ
Ľ֮ξһıģֱָе©
ɵĻδҲ̫һЩվԺſھֱӴ󺰴УδҲǺ¸İɣοվǰֱĴҲǺܺ𣿶ղҵĽڣҲδ̫ڲһЩƾʵԯܽһдܣ̸¸һϸ£
⻰˵˵ϣԯһн˵飬Ǵķġ
Ҫ֪Ȼ㲻жôҲҵĴС㣬Ҳͬһǻġ
ȴԯһдˣҪ÷¸赱ĻҲצΪ˵ʵһΡ
ɻ飬ΪǳǰӶˡ
ξҲǻлΪʵܹ油ԱĶڡ
һΧĳԹȺǣһ̿ӣЦȴЦ
һ֪˵飬Ц
ʮֵУ˵ɫȫ߳ŭˡ
¾ǵڷ쭵Ļ˶󷢵ҲвҲûа취˵Щʲô
ͼʾξָָ¸衣
̫磬¸ʲôϵôֵõһҵϰֲ㣬˶ͬģ
˵֮һŵؿ˷¸裬ͷ·ǰҪ¸裬ܲһ
Ƿ¸軹ͲӣοԼѡ
ǾӦҲδ̫һЩ
Ƿ¸ɴһЦݣԶ˹֣òؾ
ǸС㣬ĳʵȷʵ㻹Ѱɡ
-

439 

ξӵĹЦںξδںȫûʲôɻ䡣
һҲȷЩҲסģȫû뵽¸边Ȼ᲻ӦԼҪ
Ȼ۳Χ۵ԽԽ࣬ԼٲԼҸ̨µĻⳡʵ̫ˡ
൱ԼǰѰһֺӣȴԷܾˣ
֪ⳡ澿жôΣ˵ˡ
һҲڴľŤͷ뿪
ȴû˶ưոݣùͬŵʱ˼
Ϊһԭľô˵ģǸɴֱӷֿ
¸ԺӵһͬģѧԺɳϪѰѧԺԳС
˸һϡ
ұţΣƺŻҪЩʲô
ȻԵһסˣֱ
ά˹һۣû˵Щʲô
˵Ŀⶼɨ˹ҲòӲͷƤѯʡ
ҶţΪζŲ;
ά˹ԼȻʮϲǾֱЦŻӦ
ûʲôǾⷹ˲ҿζȥټӵζƷϾͻ
˵ֱ֮һСʢһЩƮȵСֱſڵķȥ
ԶǡɾǷ¸λã·˷¸֮װб΢һƫеŷ¸˹ȥ
ϵЦǿ⣬Ϊ֮Ҫŷ¸赱ڳ
ȻոƫȥһЩԯطӦ˭죬ʯ֮ͻȻ֣Ʒ罫һƫû¸Ϸֺ
ǽ֭Ǵ˷¸һ㡣
һж̫죬˷ӦôһµʱǵǱء
ԯһƣԭҪ¸ϵ֭ȫȹϡ
÷Ӧ֮ʧС
ԯû˿ĸдͷ·ղһжûзһ
һֱӽ¸õˣһ߻¸׼һµ꣬Ҷ˵
ɣǸմǸŮ˵ࡣ
˵仰ʱȻκθ飬ȴûڵ˼ζ
ͺ˵һ
͸оѿˣһ⻰²̨
ֹͣ˼֮󣬽ҧ˫ά˹ͶȥĿ⡣
ά˹ֻǿһۣûж˵ʲô
ҲȲȥˣҲֱԼվȻһԺȥ
һ־ķʽĻˣɳֺãûֵðùӳԣһ
Ҳûưոݣڻȥ֮󲻵ûиеûûˡ
ɱŷӵβ÷¸ֱ
ĹԽԽľͲ÷¸ˣǸӵĺݶһЩܹʲô⡣
Ļл¸˵Ҳ͸ıȨλûʲô
֮ǰµĵƣܹϳضܹĹдʡ
ʱͻ⣬һŵ顣
֮¸豾Ͳ٣Ϊ油ûᣬȻҪӷ¸ˡ
֮ǰεҪƷ¸󣬲Ҳϵĸµ鶼ûгɹ֮ͲòһЩķˡ
¿ǿԼ϶УֱӰϡ
һĿı˻ȴĺܡ
͸¸Щһˡ
һٶԷ¸֮ǰҪҰ־ֱҵϣϣܹԼһ֮
ǡǾסͬһԺԵҹ˯ֱ֮顣
صĽӣΪǡҲû˯Ĺϵֱӿżɽ˵Լ뷨
飬֪㿴ƸҲ˳ۣ뵽һѵķӣ϶Ըæģ𣿡
Ҳʵ뷨ν˵ĵ˾ѣĻֱӾͲ˶ҡ
Ҫȷһ¶ԷͷϾûκɵĻǲֱܹԼ˵Ҫѵ¸ġ
Ͼ⻰˵Ҳá
Ҫҷ¸Ĳϣܹóĺ¸衣
̽Ե·ңѯʡ
Сγԣ֪㾿к뷨ŻҪ÷¸ϵ
֪黹Щ뷨ģԶѯҲе⣬ֱӸȥҽԼΪҪ
-

440 

Ļ֮Ȼ򣬲Ҳͷ¸֮便кιڡ
һļϣʽʽɡ
ʱúܿ죬һһգ۵Ĺȥˡ
ڶϵʱ򣬷¸豾Լķ֮ڴӦκŲǡ
ʱƿնʶҪܣžû
Ϊó󣬶ҲҪԼأҪʲô
Ȼ뷨ոʵһӰ뿪ĴͶһöСʯӣ滹һš
¸۾ܹóźʯ϶ûжֻǵҪԼʲôѶϢ
Ƿ¸ֱǰţֱӿʼ
ȻڿŵĹ֮Уžͱ죬洫ξ
¸裬㻹ʧˣ
¸ʱѾţüͷ壬ξĻֱǰ˷š
ȻԺ˶ԼķǰΨӡ
ѾôһˣֱӾͽŵݸξ˵Ǿܹˣ˹ӣвȥ賿ѧԺĺɽǣڡ
ξŶû˼оֱӶԯһ
ԯһֱ֮Ӳ鿴ξǰٷְٵŷ¸Ļ
ɴԥŷ¸˵Ȼ˵Ļǻʲôھ͸ϽȥӰɣ
һѾŵݣһֱڷ¸˵֮ǰشξĻ
˵ˣ֪֪νǾԲܹɽֻܷ¸һǰȥȻĻǾ˺Ʊ
һĻصڳÿ˵Ķʱýѻȸ
һԾξֻ죬Ҳû˵Щʲô
Ƿ¸˱ʾ̾˿ҲͲʱ䡣
Ϊ֪Ǳ߾ʲôǳǼСӶԱԭ򣬻ǳԼĻһ㣬¸趼ȥðա
Ȳ˵ЩĻ¸ҲģԼǹƥǰҲδػʧܶ顣
ҲͲԥֱӰοһڳˡ
Ȼ˵һǰҾԼϹȥ鿴һӵİɣһὫȫĴģҲԼ£ǲصҡ
ξԴȻЩǣȻˡ
ԭҲЩǵɫϾôµĶĻ顣
ҪȥðյҲֿͬѣȻǡ
Ҳչֳɵһ棬ǶʱЦЦЦӲա
ԣҪ¸ôµģӸǸҲԲʲô飡
ԯǴʼһ仰û˵ʵʼʱ˵ķ¸Ǽٵġ
ΪҲķ¸һȥǵΧ׷½ء
Ϊ¸һ񰲶
ѾĬ¸ԯ佻
ֻһԯԼȥĻ¸ĸԯҲѡŷ¸衣
Ƕô˵ˣһҲǲʶʱˣȻҲ͵ͷӦ
ֻڷ¸ߵʱ򣬱ʾһ¹Ķѡ
·СģǶǻ
¸Цųǵ˵ͷͳѧԺɽķȥ
Һɽ·ҲʮֺңԶڱ·յķ¸˵Ҳһ¡
ֻҪǵԺӣȻһֱߣѧԱסĵط֮򱱹߳һξ룬ܹĿɽλá
Է¸ҲٶȸϵϾ˵ӵ״ҲǼٵġ
ȻǱƱˣٶ֪ӵ˭£¸ǲܲĵġ
ҪǿԼ侲ΪԷָյ˵ԼǹƥɽǣҲǳԼģԾԲܹη塣
ԷֻǳԼĻô֤ӲʲôΣա
ӿֻһԼ׶ˡ
ֻӣǷ¸͸ˡ
ΪûκΣյĻͿԷſ˵ĶԴǼҪԼֵˣȫκֵõĵĶ
¸һţһˬѧԺɽȥ
ⲻ֪ճԼԺûþѾ˶ϣԭ賿ѧԺԺѧ
Ϊ˯ߣǡѧԺ֮ĴεմصԼԺӾͿ˴ԼԺӳķ¸衣
Ϊ̫ں棬Ҵ˶˯˵ҹ¸辿ҪȥԾʼ档
žͰѽһȫ
-

441 Ϯ

賿ѧԺĺɽʵҪǷڰĻǷ羰
ϾѧԺÿһƺǴȻɶյıء
ǷŵϣǷ¸ΧһԵöһЩɭ
Զķ¸裬ԶԶľͿѧԺɽĳ
ƺܶһƬߵľ󣬲ҾǴԶ˿Ҳûп˵Ӻͽˡ
¸ܹŲµõ˭ҲܹȷǷԼǸӡ
£ҲܹϹ£ϾϹ¶˵Ҳûκκô
ӲҪ˵Ļ¸ɽʱÿһߵĶʮּᶨ˿Ļš
ҲΪһܹɵľѡһǰ֧Ԯɡ
ǻһ˵Ļﶼͬиڴһ㣬ͣĻš
Ƿ¸ȴһԵҪͨ˳侲Ҳࡣ
ƺҲûиеλţܹԤϵõᷢʲôһ
ΪɽԶܻһƬľ󣬲Ҳʮֿտӡ
Կȥûκ˵ĻϾԼ˷¸
ҲֻǱѣǰһ·Ƶ˺ɽһ棬ܹʲôڵȴŷ¸衣
¸һ㣬ɵĽŲƣܿ͵˺ɽ
ܿˣҿ뱻廨ӡ
춼סˣʱû˵κλ
¸迴֮ûκԥ˹ȥ
ӵȫһȺˣһȥ¸֪ȺԼûһʶģǱ˵Ĳһ㡣
Ȼ¸Ⱥ˾ͷ·ǵõʲôһǰֱӸɰ󣬲ҽͽţܹ˵
ҲΪǺɽԭΪסĵطԶ͸󺰴оʲôˡ
Ͼ¸ǵĿ꣬¸ѾͲҪʲôˡ
ϵϰܹ˵˵ŷ¸󺰴С
뿪Ǵѵ㣬Բҵնģ
ӵĻ¸ϵıûб𾪣һƽʾ侲һ¡
Ϊ֮ǰѾܹµõԼᾭʲôˣȫû¡
ΪȺܹѵõԼǰӵնԼƭҲûκεô
ԼԲܵκε˺Է¸ҲԵòġ
ûµġ¸ӵҡҡͷ
žְԴת˺˵ķ˵š
ȻĿҵĻ͸ϽˣϾѾˡǰŵǰλãȻҪۿ뿪ǲʽʼ֡
˷¸ĻȺȫԭأƺڵʲôַ·ڵŽʲôһ
¸ҲûΣգʼպǽš
ӱ¸һҪ侲֮ûô˵ʼչ۲ܵΣƺǵͻȻܳʲô˰Ǹһ
һҲ¸ûоʲôϡŹֵĶ
ΪȺ˺ܿյʲôźţȻֱӽӸˡ
˵ҪԼߵȺ˽֣Ȼȴ¸輰ʱֹ
ӣڸϽ뿪ĽҾͺáϾһΪȷİΣ㲻ܹȫˣҪǼĻûκˡ
˷¸ⷬӽԭضûٽһ
άм֮Żؽ첲ࡣ
ʱҲһЩԼΪҪȻĻôܻᱻɵץ͵ﵱնѷ¸
Է¸һ˿˿ΣҲ֪ڲҵʱ
һҧѡ뿪롣
¸裬ǧҪЩ˵ĵĻôܵʽϵҪԸ㣡
š¸Цų˵ͷʾο
Ӽ㵣ģҲֻڷ¸Ŀ뿪ǳ׵İȫ
뿪һƬ֮󣬷¸ڻ³һǷ˲١
ͿȺˡ
Ȼ֪ǲĻʹҲǿʲô˵
ԾǽҪĻҲִУҪԼ˾ǰȺˡ
ĻʹܹĻԼԼˡ
ԿʲôܹԼǰ¶ݣŻʼնڰ
ûڰ飬ǻǾڰ䡣
-

442 ƻʧ

˵һֱţڸٹ賿ѧԺѧ˵ǵĶֱ׾٣ͷ·һԹߵһ
ڸٵ֮һֱںɽɽλÿߵûгǽ档
ʵҲΪԼûκεĹϵ
ֻΪ¸Ķ򣬲һ·ȻҲûҪȥĴ㡣
һֱڰǱ߿ȥҪ֪ʲôȴһ鵽ںɽһԵ顣
ƺڹ۲ߵȴû¶ӣǰȺ˵ǵĿܡ
賿ѧԺѧȺ˵ݲܲ˽⡣
֪Ⱥ˿ɶǵ۶ģˣǳһѧԺ
ΪһͬѧԺѧԱҪ¸裬öֻ֪ĬĬںɽΧߵ
˼ŵʱ򣬷¸ǱѾ˶
ƣҪҶְɣȻֵĻ;һ㣬һҪϽȥѱƽ
ŷ¸ĵ̬ȣȺ˾ͷ·ûκθһվһԲ
ԶȴţΪ¸軹˵ȻȻľֱӴȺ˷Ը
һŵӾǾͿƴȫĸˣҾͲô˻˵ֺǰҲûйϵѲɰǹӵѧԺɽϾҪĹˣ׷鲻ɣ
⻰˵ģʱ˿ںɽһԹ۲ߵľ󣬿¸񣬳˴
ƽǰֳĴҹȫͬ
ﻹаԣǱúݶޱȡ
Ե鶼̲ס˸·ԱߵŮ˱Щѵ¸ĺ˶ҪµĶࡣ
Ⱥ˵ȻûйԥǺεŷ¸跢˹ơ
ˣϵıҲ÷ḻ࣬¸ɫƺЩ̰
ͷ·Ǳòһܹ˶ȫںݡ
ҲǱ˺ڰվҪٵ¸衣
ȻǵĿĵĻʲô鶼ν
¸̬ȶǾʮֵķθҲûʲô뷨ֻҪͨķʽɵĽǡ
ǾܹǸνԼһʮʮʱƾǻ´ҪֵĻᣬҲҪһˡ
һο˹¸ȫû£˼ֶöֵ˼
һпЩ˵ͷ·Ƿ¸ѾԸͲЩνĵֿһ
ȻϾҪʱ򣬷¸ԼռһԭǷ¸轫˫ٻ˳
ԸѲɻҪԶ𣿡
¸ĵкܶ࣬ʱҪһǾȫûԼıֵ˼
Ϊܹĸܵõƺڹ۲Լҹ۲Լ߾Բֹһ˫
ʱ򣬱¶ԽپͶԼԽȫҪչʾԼ
ɴ˫𻢳Ҫ֪˫𻢿ɵĶԸˣȫҪκεĹǡ
Ȼ˫𻢳һƬ֮Ⱥ˾ͺµɪɪ
ˣҪĶӵĴ㡣
һλûܣ˫ֻҪһƾֱӽǿѺԭأ޴ӡ
ֱӿ˷¸裬¸ʾ˫ֽǸˡ
Ⱥ˾ͷ·Сʱŵ˵ĺһʱƨ뿪ȫںǹӶ
һĻ¸費ЦҲ֪Ѿһг׽ˡ
ûкķѰ˵Ҳܹһá
źɽλһۣǡελá
һæزܷ¸ߡ
ﲻĶôܵ˵ĻôˣҧгݵĻŸղŵĳʱһ
ƺô£ȻҲܺ޷¸裬ȴڵز˵û·ңƫ
֮ǰԷ¸Ҳʹ޵ǽһ·ңǱеĶôᷳ
ﻹǵЩʱ򣬷¸ղѾ߿ˡǲǴɣǶб¶ķաȻŲǵʼĿҲǲΪְˣǻǾ뿪ɡѾˣ¶Ļֱǵòʧ
ȻҲֻܻظ飬뿪
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443 

Ťͷ뿪ʼնڰ賿ѧԺѧһо۵ס
Ѿ뿪һ룬ҲϽŤͷ뿪
ҪȻһҪ¸ײ˸ţǾҪ¶ԼΪá
˸ղŵһ飬һж۵ף֮뷨
ȫܹôһ£۶˲ڲ
ڲͲԼȥгʱʱ
Ļ賿ѧԺ˵˵ʮģʱĹܹץסһͿΪȡøõĳɼ
Զڰλӵ㡭
¸ڽһ֮󣬷糾͵ػصԼסԺӡ
˶ûлصڣǾԺеȴ
¸صԺУҶһ
ԯûж˵ʲôܵ¸Ϣ̧֮ͷȻԥŷ¸˹
ʲôû˵ֻڷ¸վˡ
ξԵøӼϾԯϿȥûκε
ԼȥԼѸ˻ԼܹƽĹξȻǸе˵ġ
ر˷ܵسŷ¸к
¸裬˰һûܵκ˺һɵİȺ˴ſ˰ɣӶǽˣһܹܲȫأ
ξЦ¸Ҳ˲١
ʵ˵ղŵҲûоʲôµ飬Ҳûκε뷨
ֻǷŵҪ˼ĵزĻǻ뾿˭顣
ʵ㲻ϸ˼Ѿ˼ܹ𰸵ˣЩ˵ĶʵΪԡ
¸˵ܹȷ˭̤һҪԼء
ڿԷȻƻѾʧˣǾûбҪٽľ鲻š
ΪȺ˵¾ǻЩʲôҲô׵ġ
˵һʧܣһķʽٴγ֡
οӶȺˣˮƽҲһһģԼȺٴһܵĻҲûʲôõĵġ
ողںɽһĻõĴ𰸡
ұ͵Ϯˣ۾ʱҲûпĻʹ˭֪Ⱥ˾ԲҪɱ¸ˣ˲ŶԡΪһֱһôϵģһ˶ڰ
Ӱ֪ĺԥĶ˸顣
¸Ҳǵ˵ͷʾԼ֪ˣʵҲȷܹ˽ˡ
ղžûֱӰѶڰ˾ھ͸ܻȥҡ
ϾҪĹˣȻûгʲôĻǾûбҪᡣ
֪ҪԼ²ܹģԻĹ䡣
Է¸΢˰ΣǾͶ˵պСЩˣϾҪĹ䣬Ծе˰Ͳǳ⡣Ҫľǲǵ⣬ȻҪڽձԼȻרĳĹ䡣
˷¸Ļڳն˵ͷʾȷ뷨
ϾĹѾʱ޶࣬˵ֻһˡ
ڹϲҪκεĲҪȻĻ»ǻѶԸ
֪ˣǾͶȻȥϢɣҲûʲô˵ĵط
ձĹĿ֮ǰκͺˡر¸ԯʽϳģҪԼЩӿ϶Ҫ̽
ξҲǴˣѾܹµ˸ţһǻл
ʵ˵ڿ̽ǵλãҪˡ
ξʱײ˵˵ϣôġ
ԲŰͲ÷¸ʲô⣬ܹԼǰչֵĻᡣ
ֻһļƻʧˣԷ¸貢ûʲô⣬ǻΪӵ衣
˵ɲһ£Ҫɣȴûܰɵ飬ļƻȫˡ
ЩܻϾҪĹˣһƺһ
Ҳ֪һεļƻʧ֮ԽԽΪ油ȫûʸϳ
ȴƫҪ¸ǻҪЩİ취
ۿžҪĹˣǾ˽飬Ҳһ裬㻹ʲôȥһ֣
ĻһĲͷ
Ȼ֪һƺ¶ȴȫûз̬
ΪһζҪõһλᣬҽ¸ȥġ
ҪȻĻǰҲõ油Աˡ
-

444 

ʲôԲڳʱֱӵԽǻֵĻᣬͲ²ܹѵҪڳʱֱӵˣ⣬Ϊ͸Ļᣡ
һ˵ţϵЦݱøӵĺݶһЩ
鿴⸱ɫֻܲÿɷҡҡͷ
Է뷨ĻԼȻҲǹܲŵģԼЩ׵İ취
ҲҪ¸󣬸Ҫ⣬ʱȻҪһЩ
ǶԷǿ˾裬ҲҪͷԲ
ҪͣһЩˣĹ俪ʼ֮ǰǾԲٶ֡Ϊӽ쿪ʼǾԻ߶Ⱦ״̬ʱֵĻǲ˱¶ĸʡͣ죬ȱʼ֮Ż
ѵһӣķӣǶϸһ֮ȷʵʵ˲١
ûƽҲΪѷ¸裬εĴҲ硣
ҵӵҲƽһЩȻ׼õ״̬ӭĹˡ
һգ֮͹ȥˣܿĹ俪ӡ
Ϻ֮ǰڵ۶ʱѡǰʮķʽһȳǩսһһķʽ
ֻҪ˵ҪпͷһЩĻһǸԸ⿴۶˺潻棬
Ͼȥ˴òɿʮ־ʣҲƴģ
ҶĴ򶷲ʮֺģΪֻܹ˵˷״̬
һβ油ԱĻÿֻʮӢԴҾһҲֻʮ˶ѡ
ĹŸܹʵΪҶһľӢһ𾿾ôĻ𻨻˵
Ƕʼչ۲ųǩĶΪǴʱ֪˭˭ȶ˳
Ȼ˲Ǻϣȴò˵ȷǵ۶˺ϲŻ˾øпͷ
һǩʱ򣬺ɲɵĵһǡɾͳ鵽˷¸衣
¸Ķһжڵģǡѡ֣Ҳ賿ѧԺ
ֻ賿ѧԺԭϤѧԱ֪һʮֿˡ
Ȼò˵пʱҪȻҲǰʮ
˵ԼĶǷ¸֮󣬶ڴҡڵվ˳Һεسŷ¸ֱӽ
˵֪ڳĸǷ¸裬ŲѵĳѧԺߵ˽кš
˭ҵĶ֣ھ͸ϽҼʶʶҪһ˵̫ѿ˵ĻͲˣǰҿ㣬סһһЩ
ţξһȥˡ
Ϊ油ԱĹϵԽҲˣڷ¸ĺ档
˷¸ĶţʱһЩˬ
ô£ŵˣҲ֪˭һ÷ǳѿľˣ
ǿ£ǿ϶һһԵĲ
߷ʲôû뵽ڵĶȻʮŵصȴĶϳ
Աڳһ֮󣬲ǰһԱ׼ֱӸ߶ںͷ¸ϳˡ
ΪһǷ¸ԭԴҶޱڴ
Ҳӣÿһʱ򿪳ôȤ
ϾǸոտʼ˵ȻỳױȵȤۿű
쵽ѧԱԼһЩԹȺҲ⡣
ʵҸΪǣһγǵ۶ѧԱ
е۶ѧԱǲǵĴڣȻҲǲȤ
ÿһε۶ѧԱǲ֮ǿ˵ȤԾͻʤһЩ
ǿǿ߶սΪǿҵĻ𻨣ԴҶڴǶ˵ı֡
ΪĹĵһʸлû
ټһıÿһӮŵĶԼĹҡ
Ҳ֤˶ƴȫˮһֱȥ˵ġ
۶ѧԺ¸衣
賿ѧԺڡ
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ʼǸɢɢӣƺȫѷ¸迴
·ñǿ׿ˣ⸱˿˶ʮֲˬ
Ƿŵ˵о͸оڶǵĽһԽֺǿ˾Խˡ
ڻصԭռ֮󣬷¸ԭֱӶ֣ȻȴȸƤϵĹ
ƺȫûдӸտʼͰעŵϵĴ㡣
Ϊǵ۶ѧԺ˾ͺ˲ӣҸ㣬ҲǽϵǿߣһεĹӮˣɾԲҪģȻһпܾͻֱⳡ
-

445 䲻

˶ڵĻµ˼һ
Ȼ˶û뵽ȻڳϾŵˡ
˵ڵļλѵǾⶼʵڲ顣
ﱾ賿ѧԺǴ𣬸ǳ賿ѧԺġ
ڴΧ۵ѧҲ賿ѧԺѧԱǶڵʵԼ˵ĸԡ
ԶŵΪΪкá
˵ĺãȥ˵۶ɾԻӮǵģ
ԣڣӮ˵۶ھ͸һ
̨µĽкڶҲǳΪˣһĪڡ
Դڴʱ˿̶ĪŽᣬȴҲ˽ʱһС
˵۶ѧԱʵǳǿ󣬶ܹɵӮ𡭡
⻰һ϶ʱѻȸ̨ԭЦһĶɫҲͻȻһ
ϳ֮ǰΪ̫ԴĹϵӲԶԷ˽⣬ҲǰΡ
ʵ¸Ҳǰ˽Է˿
а¸ˣԼ˷¸֮󣬾ܹ֮ǰ˵һЩݡ
׷¸ʵ֮ɻ
ںȻҲû뵽ڳôĹڼȫ賿ѧԺѧԱֻԼѧԺѧԱȻԼĶ֣ôԷʵ²ȥ
ϵɫҲֻǽӲһ룬ָֻȫûܵӰ졣
̨¾ʲôķӦ¸ûκιϵһ
ΪûܵκӰ죬ϵıûʲô仯
˸ղһСȻ΢һЩ仯ǱϻװʮֵӣҲܿͽԼ
žͺǲʶѾʼһڿʼ˽
˾ͬƽʱϰһģһûһĴš
ʵϣȻӱϿȥûʲô̫ĹԣеİӿҲֻ֪
¸һֱںͶڶսܹظܵõͣĻػܹ˽⣬ʵԷȷǺһ㡣
ϸĻҲûʲô֣ϾֻͨͨˣȻҲվλԼ
ĹɴǿЦģ̨ûһĻҲûʸվ
Ȼʼʱϳʱͱֵʮֿеʱ򣬿ҲҪʱġ
ûκεĻҲ÷ǳ֮졣
Ƕȴһ࣬ôһʱҿԸҲΧһ֡
ȷˣ֮ŷ¸蹥ȥ
¸ÿζһֱܹӶӯĺһƬҶÿζܹܿϮķ硣
ɶһֱôȥĻаѵˡ
һСֹţһ߿ʼ˼취
Ҳ֪һֱȥҲûκôʱƴľ;ˡ
Լ˵Ҳһкô飬ϾڶԷûгУҲ֪ܾﵽһʲôĳ̶ȡ
Լǿ࣬ⳡһֱƽȥֳ
ΪԼܹӮⳡڵȻҪһЩİ취
ݻԼѾųȥˣӮĻԼѧԺжඪˣֻҪһܹ֪
Ѿ˺üˣ˫ʵǰ㲻һֱȥҲû塣
ڻҪսپĽⳡΪֻпⳡܹԼųȥĺݻӮ
ţڸɴһҧʹ㼴̽ԼĵƼ
Ϊ÷¸ܺܿͻжԸԼʽˣԼٲЩʲôӵĻˡ
ڲõĻҪȵʲôʱ
ͷȥ
仰ǶֱӺģԼռԼԼ޵Ľ
ûĵƣһͷŽ׵Լޡ
žƽʱҪŽ޵սѾʮֲˣҾŽֲ˶С
ټһǽͷɳȥ͵Ϯ¸ģֻ͵ϮѣԷδܹӦ
յİ취ȻȥҲܽթһЩھϣ˿ɴӲһ㡣
˱࣬Ӯ˸öھӡ
Ծ¶һ˿Цݣȥϲȴ֪һЦѾʼչ۲ķ¸迴
һֻͷ˷¸豳İУֻͣһ˲ҵļһб·ķ¸͵ĳ˹ȥ
ڷ¸ԯˣڿͷ˰УѸײڶ֮ŷ¸ȥʱ򣬲Ĵ󺧡
ȻҪȴȫˣֻؿһĻ
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446 ͵Ϯδ

ƿյ֪ʵÿ˵ģϵЦҲڲϵıŴ
ΪԼļıϾҪóˣֻҪԼԷ¸͵ϮɹĻⳡԼӮˡ
ڶԷܵ˺Լûκεĸϵ
ȫעͷϣΪֻҪ͵Ϯɹҷ¸޷ӦĻԼǴ󹦸ˡ
ѽ¸裬㲻ĺ𣿸Ĵһɣ
һ߹۲ͷһ߳ŷ¸˻ʵĿΪ¸ע
ֻҪܹöԷԼĻܹͷ͵ϮĻᡣ
¸עȷʵʼԼϵģΪԼĿת
ʱ˿ѾƽеǸһЦݣǿȥ侲ĺܣȴֲ˾˪
ڵĶȴڹ۲ı飬ǽעתƵͷϡ
ȴûע⵽ѳԼ˷¸Ļᡣ
ۿͷϾҪ¸ĺԣϵı𽥱˵⣬ż˿˷ܡ
ЦҲڲϵıŴһϾҪó˵ӡ
ȴûע⵽ȫעתƵͷϣǷ¸ϵıҲ΢ı仯
ԭ侲ƺֻ֪Էսķ¸Ѿòһˡ
ԭϵıʮ侲ģȥר־ӣȻǸר־鲻ˣȡ֮ķһĨЦݣͺǲʲôһ
Ȼǧһ֮ʣǸղŵͷͻȻڰеķʽһ¸߲ԶĿռ·һѷ졣
һݵӰѷд˳ŷ¸ȥ
ĿȴǷ¸裬Ǽ嵽¸ͷ
ûݵӰǷ¸Լѩ롣
ǰøոս˵ھ˲ֹһ
ղŷ¸Ҫ֪ĸ֪ǱһҪǿġ
ǾǰԼԼռ֮ڶѩԸˡ
ѩǸģȻôһ£÷¸ķԸԼҪô
οȻտʼʱϣȴķڷ϶¸Լˡ
ΪԼޣڹؼʱ̱ǵ顣
¸ǱҲʼװʲô֪ӣƾΧĻα仯ҲǱһֻר־Ŷ
Ҳֻ֪Լ֪ᷢʲô飬Զһиúˡ
ĻŻڶԷҪԼһ͵Ϯʱٳ䲻ĻػԷ
ܹؿѩ˳ͷûзӦôһ£ʼרעԼʹŷ¸ȥҺԥʱѩֱȥû˵һҧͷһԴ
ڵͷѩӲҧһԴ֮ٲȻ˶ͷ
ͷ񷢳˴̶ıڻû¸һë£һߵȥ
һжڵʯ֮䣬˼ûӦôһ¡
ԯξѷ¸輰ʱעⶼû͸зӦˡ
ԼԼ޵ϵһ˲䣬ڵʢ˲ţȫû뵽龹Ȼᷢչһز
ԼԭҪԼԼȥѵһ¶ԷȴֱӱճһǶԷԼ޵ʮһ޸ƷˣֱͬһĴڡ
ʮʮһޣ
ŵýͰͣͷ·ⱲӶûмʮһһ㡣
¸赹һѩ֮ûдǱߵ״ǼŤͷŶ˵͵Ϯ鲢ǷģҲǲġֻȻ͵ϮҵĻҪΪ˸һĴۡҪٿԼˣĵҲڱҪġ
¸迴ҪڵעһȻȴ֪ڵľٲȻѾ˱仯
Ǳߵѩûпǲǰ¶Լʮһޣһһ㡣
һֻǰ̤ͷϡ
ͷ񼴱㲻ʮֵӴ󣬵ѩ˵Ҫ΢һЩġ
ѩȴܹ׾ٵĽѵͷ񣬱ϾŽ׺ʮһ׻ġ
ѩһ̤ͷһߴѵ
͵Ϯҵˣ²ǻòͷˣѩ
ѩ֮ͷҲûб¶ܹһ㡣
ʼնͷķƺûмʱĽעתƵ
ԼԼЩڣΪͷȫѩĶֻ֣׸޻֮
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447 ˮս

Уѩ̫ǿһЩȥġ
һһ˼Լ
֪ټȥĻԼԼޱɡ
ΪĻԼһӰ죬ôʱ͹ϵҲԼ޲һĸ飬ԲЩۡ
ͷĵڶԴϾͱҧˣҲܲסĸоԥԥĸ¸迪
㡭鰡ҡ䡭
Խ˵ԽСƺǻûпǺһ
Ƿ¸ԭһƽ⻰ȴһЩ
ʱ򻹻ԥǾҪһ᲻ˣ
˵֮󣬷¸ͱ֮ǰӵĺݾԥŶڷһһмΪǿĹ
һ˲Щмܲסֺܿ״̬֮Щɻĳſյŷ¸ѯʣƺǲ̫ΪǱ˸һ
ΪʲôͶĻᶼңѲ𣿡
Ļ֮󣬷¸Цһ֮Ҳûа仰Է磬ȫӣֱӿƽĲƽĻش˶ڵĻ
ǶɵѲΪҿղԼ͵ϮҵʱأҵȫΪôѲڻҪң
⻰Լһ㶡
¸˵ûڴӸտʼʱȫûаѷ¸
ղҪ͵Ϯ¸裬ҲҪأһҲܹȫΪ
ڶʶĸֻ߰ҪһԼ൱ǱԼǿĶ֣ôԶȰѱԼǿǸ˸ɵʱơ
Ĺʽ֮£ҲȫûҪŹ¸˼
ڸղ͵ϮΪʲôĺǴûģ˵Ը롣
Ϊѷ¸˵Ҳûʲôϵ
ҲǷ¸ŭɡ
οȻ϶ںζԼԼ޵ģصʱ̣ȴʼԼ棬ͶҲҪԥһ
¸趼֪Ӧ˵Ƕһģ˵ʵǱԼҪĶࡣ
ڻ˶֮󻹲Լ빲Լ϶ûаĹ
ڷ¸迴һԷѾֵԼȥͬˣҲȫҪԷᡣ
ԼղûмʱķӦĻѩ˰㣬Ϸ˾ѻᡣ
˵ղһԼΪԻȫ
ôһǿΪʱǱϵȫĻȲ˵ܲ޸ǸһҲûʲô
صʱҲ˺ĽǷ¸費ҪģҲһ½Ŀġ
ǾԲ鷢ģ˱˶Լ˼ʱ򣬷¸Żŭ
ʵ벻ͨΪһԼµ˻˴˼
˵ѱ˷˵˼ʵ̫Ѷ¸Ҳ
ڶڸղ˵ǾҪĻʱСͬһԼ˵Ҳûбо䡣
ټϷ¸öԷʵǲˡԹԽԽǿҡ
ڸտʼʱöڻлԼѯʣɴŲˡ
ÿһ춼ᱻԷϣҶԷʽÿһʹ˾Լר־ӦԵĻؾͻֱɥ
ڰܹϢʱҲֻרӦս
˵ﵣǣȷʵûκεİ취ˡ
̨ϵ˴ļң̨µȴҲľ
賿ѧԺȻҪάڵģе˿˶ƺҪļƣȴû㹻֤ݡ
ڵ״һֱȥĻڱɣⲻ¹İȫҲغ賿ѧԺ档
ǾֱӴ̨վڳ˺
۶ѧԱڸղѾͶˣΪλͣ£
˵ҲԷ¸ˣ۶ȻҲš
ûȷ¸Щͬ˵۶ʦǾֱӲˣ׷վΪ̨ڽмҴ򶷵ķ¸ųӡ
ǵǺͲжǰ˵Ļ˭ţ˵ϻᷢ飬Ȼûгɹ˭˲ʶѧԺѧԱĽթղһзҪҷѧԱΪأǷϾȫΪģʱ˲᲻˵ҪΪѲǲӦ׷𣿡
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448 ʸ֮

˵˶ԷȫΪûĹ涨ǲġ
ʽľϣȴʮֿɳܵġ
İ취һͨѧԱ˵ʵΪݣֶγǶԴ񼫵ˣ·Ҳȥһѵˡ
Ҫ˵Ϊʲô˻ȥԵĻǶΪһѾɹ֮˵Ҳ塣
ֻᱻ䣬ʱҲͲ֮ˡ
δ£Ϊݵġ
ķˣȴûܹȥ׷ʲôʱ䣬ҲʧʷĳУҶ޴׷
ҲǱ̬Żö޿֡
˵ղǧһ֮ʣ¸Լѩͦ˷¸һȴܵڸղҪΪʵ
˵δ죬Ҳɵӣܹóղһĵ˷¸ϻᷢʲôĽ
Ե۶ѧԱǵʦվ¸˵Ȼ賿ѧԺǰЩ޻˵
˫Ŀˮսһһʰ
˵µĻƫ۶ѧԺһߵġ
ΪڵΪʵ̫ΪݣֻվǱߵҲֻ賿ѧԺǰѧԱˡ
ǿصĸĻԼԺУ棬¾ٷΪ˵ˣǸǳʸ֮ġ
ǺµǸͬʼһɱǶԴ͵۶ԭ
һɽ״̬һԲڹϯڣ۲ܵĶ
һ߿̨ϵľеһһϸĹ۲ŵ۶˫еĿˮս
˵𲢲ҪУϾ賿ѧԺô˵ҲѧԺʱȻǲʼװơ
¾Ͳһˣǵ˲͵෴ܱΪǼȲϿҲ
ȴΪܹ£Ǹյһֿʼˡ
ﻹˬҲ֪Ϊгļܣ෴ɳ֮ǾʽǸ
ʱǵ۶ƫ̻ǺǵĻͻܿһ
ʱ򲻹ô˵ǶԶڱ׵ģȻҪͼӴ׵ˡ
ֻʼʱվǸʮַɧӣվ˳ʼһһ˫˵˻
˾˵ʮеȴֿվһߵġ
⺢˵ļһ㣬ǿҲȷʵǲƺһЩҲǲԭ¡Ͼ֪һֱŲҲá
˵ҶΪǰ賿ѧԺģͻȻһתֶ賿ѧԺ۶˵˻
Ҫ˵ΪȷǲˡģǷѧԺѧԱϣҲԲŹǡΪΪʵ̫ɳˣֱǰ޹˺ߣԲܹŹҸ˵Ŀ˵һҪݺݵıѧԱһͨ˵ƺʲôȥˣĿҪŵóԶһЩ
⻰˵˵ڵģ˭óǽͷ賿ѧԺˡ
賿ѧԺ˵տʼʱϲɫ
ǺµӻһתͷֵϣԭЩϲɫʱһϵıֹҲסˣȴ޿κΡ
Ϊ˵ľһߵĸ߶ȡ
һҲڳټȥˣֻһߵ¡
ټִȥĻ֪賿ѧԺᱻ˱ͳʲôӡ
賿ѧԺԭҵˣһǶ׵޻˵ˣһͷڹꡣ
賿ѧԺԺԭҲԭĬۿų޷
֪ԼٲվĻ֪ᷢչʲôز
һﰵµ£һ߽תƵ˳ϡ
֮Ӱ죬Ȩⳡεǿƽͣ
ǰУԵȻһķȨ
ˣⳡ־͵ΪֹɣⳡȡȻ뷨ĻҲȷʵ޷ܵģֱе۶ѧԺѧԱʤ
£¸ԷϢĻᣬͬһֱȥĻԵЩͨԣҲֱֻͣ֡
ⳡ֮ضҲܵΪصĽѵ֮󶼲ˡ
ڷ¸ͣ˹֮󣬶ĬĬʰһ²о֮ͻ˳ⳡ־ŵΪֹ
賿ѧԺԺȻֹⳡ־磬Ȼȴʮֵҧгݡ
ΪǷ¸Ļ賿ѧԺҲᶪز
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449 ս

賿ѧԺԺﺬ޵ͬʱҲžζԸ¸衣
Сҵľܼƻ賿ѧԺΪʸ֮ģһ۵ģ
˵֮賿ѧԺԺһ˦䣬˲ϯƺղŵһжûκιϵҲһ
ȻҪһ鶼ûзȴű˻ͬľ
¸ڵ۶˵лصԼλ
һͱ۶ѧԺˣȻϲЦտϾսݡ
Ϊ˶еϲԺͬʱԷ¸Ҳ塣
ղŵ۶ʦǶά¸裬ԴһܹóǻԼѧԱġ
԰¸裬Ƕڶ֪ˣ
ξһŷ¸ϲ
Цӣ¸ΪղŶڶԼˣжŭȻ޴ˡ
ȻΪξЦݶúࡣ
ԯȻҲӭ˹Ϊξ˧ȶԷ¸ʾģûеһʱֱŷ¸ѯʡ
ûвϰߣֻվ˷¸֮һԲ
ѧԺ˿ʼŷ¸ԵĿϾû뵽¸Ȼһͷʮһ׵Լޣһ֪򵥡
ѩϡƷ֣˼֮ط޽У½Ҳûмͷ벻ԼСǷͷ
⻰ǺѧԺԺ˵ȴް㳰ĳɷ֣Ըе̾
ΪҲټܹʮһԼԼ࣬͸˵¸СС;ܹԼ˺Լˡ
ƺϲҵӣѲʲôϧƷ𣿡ѩԼռ֮ĬĬ˵š
һ仰ɰѷ¸趺ЦˣԼôʱ䶼֪Լļֵںδֱ֮ǰڼ֮ѩһʱǸֺγȡ
ڵûʶԼļֵԼˡ
Է¸̲סԼռ֮ڶ٩
ɲ㣬⻰Ҳܹ˵óġҵһڱʱŵĺܣǸʱ൱Ĳһ
˷¸ĵ٩ʱ˿ؾѩ뾹Щ˼
׻ǸʣȻҲͰһʴˣߺҲû˵Щʲô
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ѧԺĿԾɲڶѧԺ˶¸ʵҲùĿ
ΪǾ˶¸ѩԼϵġ
ҷ¸ΧˣڲȥҲǴϲ磬ʱͶûվ
ƽ¸˲ļѧԺѧԱҲƺ߳һǰԷ¸ʾףء
ڴֳһŵʱ򣬲Ǳ˶
ƺǵڶĳԱѾѡˣҪάµ
λδԱҪıڶѧԺȱսѧԺ졣
ȻԱѾ˽ıҪʼȻǲܵʱ䡣
ȻһȲ˶ٳȻĹ䱾һΪʢ¡
Լ̻ҲкܶԸӡ
Ϊʱ˲Ż̴ǰгϽͶı֮С
ԭ¸Χס˵ˣڲ
ȻɶԷ¸ӵʮһԼ޵е𾪣Ҳ֪ʼŷ¸ʶĻҲԶԷš
ɽᣬܹҲǸҶ˸㡣
Ҷ߿ˣ¸ԯߵԭλ
ξ֪ԯһֱδܺͷ¸ϻʱʮĬѡ˳Ĭûһߴߴ
ڷ¸ûˣԯܹŷ¸˵һЩԼҪĶ
ֻԯ£һ˫ָ޳ʮֺÿĵĸ˷¸ϡ
δΪ£¸֡
¸ŷӦЩֵԼԵԯ俴˹ȥѯʾʲô
ԯ棬۵г˷¸˶ʶᡣ
³ֻ֣Ǵʵʳġ
£
ⱾӦǷ¸һ̨֮ԯѯʵģϾղܹó¸̨ϾȷʵѾŭ˵ġ
ԵԯһЩģֻڲлѯʳѡ
¸ҲףԷʵһԼѯʣֻһֱҲᡣ
ڵһж䶨֮ҵԼѯʣɼԼжôں
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450 Թ

ԯȻƽΪĮĺܣǰҲӲԼ
Է¸˽⣬ȴԯһˡ
ȻϿȥ˪ǧ֮⣬ȴסһΪϸģҲǳꡣ
ܾǴ˵еȰɣڷ¸迴һжԵʮ档
ͱȷ˵ͺԯһȥξƽʱ顣
ôһĻԻ߸¸ۡ
Ҳÿ˵رܹ֮ҵİڱϡ
ԯص㣬ԲŻ棬ʮŷ¸ѯʸղڶսʱûܵʲô˺
ܵԯԼصĹģ¸һů
ʵԭڶսʱ֪ԷҪԼΪʧ¸ʱʼղ̫á
˵ǱΧţԲһֱδܷʵΪеЩƽ
ǴΧԼߣԼϲףأѯһЩԼ޵飬¸ĳܰġ
οԼʤõ۶ѧԺսݣΪ˶ҪףһҲܹķΧ֮ڵġ
¸Ϊ£һֱƻֵֺ֮գԲŽĵЩȫڸȥ
Һϵ˵ĽѾָĲˡ
ȴζû뵽ԯȥǻرĵˣȻǵ֮ǰ顣
һҪȷԼİȻŻ̹Ȼѯʳڣôܲ÷¸ж
Ƿ¸ֻЦЦظԯһƽûʲô̫Цݡ
оʲôҲֻз¸ԯ֪ˡ
ֻ¸ͬҡҡͷֱӷԯߣԶ
û£㲻Ҫôҡ
һĻû˿Ҳǳ˷¸ԯܡ
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ȷʵΪڵֶβûгɹֶγɹ˵Ļԯ䶼ԼƲסԼԷʬΡ
һжǡΪ¸貢ûʲô⡣
ԯһѺͬʱЩԹԼķӦλ
ܹӦԸٶѵ¸ͺˡ
ĵĲˣξʱֵա
ֻ̽ͷɷ¸ԯոշֿ
ĸ첲һߴ˷¸ļϣһߴԯļϣֱӴ˹ȥͶ˵
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¸ǿ˵ûκεĹϵͷ·ǿű˴ܣֲزһȻʮʹ졣
ոʧһԱ󽫣ڱԺĶڣڶδ뵽ֳ鵽ѧԱϳ
˵һѾ賿ѧԺѧԱˣȴɺϢϢأǲòר־ע̨ϵ顣
Է¸һξĸԹһҪȥں
ԼĵˣǻҪ
˵ƽ̨¹ۿҲûʲôĻ绻һݸΪС
֮ǰ̨¹ۿǱʵϾͺǷǳĽżңÿζԼϢϢһòʼעš
ȴһˣʵʵڵԹߣûеѹȻܹڼΪɵ¹۲쵽
ܾԼ˺ܶγѧԱ˵ɡ
¸ԯûмƽξΪξһ̨ͬϡ
ʵҲܺµ˾ʲôӵģϾ֮ǰʶµǸͷ˵ӣǴ䣬ԼԼĿĲ
Ҳھʮصͬʱ˲һȤ
¸˸ˣ˵ۿϳˣڹҲ˽õµ˵ʽŶͬ
ͬǵ˵ķϰһ֮Ϊ˴ºķҲͬԡ
÷¸̨˽жԾĻȱȤ
˵˵Ǳߵ죬Ҫ˵쳤ʵҲʮֵĳڣȴ˾ú
ֻһƽף·ܹϾͼǲסĴڡ
˵¸˲ʱòȡˡ
һˣΪͨǸһ㣬ͷҪϸĿڱϵıֲܹ֪
ɫĿתƵ˳ϣĿľΪ˴̽һԼѧԱˮƽһʲôĳ̶ȡ
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451 

ֱ˿򣬴Ҳ֪Լԭȫˣ
ΪǶ˱ϿȥĴֱͬ
Ҫ˵⻨ȱĻӱϿ֮ǰһֱͷʮ
ΪµǱͶʣԴҶڻȱϣܹҵӵӰ
Ϊĳʵ̫˵ԭ˶᲻ʽҲԵñȽһЩ
ǵͷȱ˾ǸޣʱҪս
ʽȫȻͬǾеҪӲ١
Ҳ֪Ϊµ˶ӸϿȥкܴĲ࣬Ϊ⻨ȱǡɾǸ⡣
¸ԯ䱾Ǹոյ½Դ˲˽⡣
˵ͬѧԱҲǵһĹ䣬֮ǰҲлʶµǰݷá
£ȻҲܶµ˽⡣
Ļ˵Ҫ˵ȱʵȷʵǿԡ
Ĳͬǣȥһÿ򵥵Ļƿʵȴò
Բһߣʮֵǿ
ΪĶ֣ûаѹΪ쾹ҲܹϿȥƽҲȱһˢӡ
ԭҲޣҿʾˮӱϿȫǸ˸ɾˣ
ξξҲ̾Ϊȷʵ롣
ĳʮƽǴҼһ֮ǲܿͻǵ͡
һƽԭھһ沢ʣǵֵʱ˾Ͷʽ̾ˡ
һӶδչǰĻԶĲΪ֪Ҳ֪⾿˵Ǻûǻ
ۡ
һƬԭǶ˵ĶײҺݺݵľ
ûһ˲֮ʧǾһ֮ɢ
֮ǰҲĹУȻʲôǿԿó൱
ÿһжþȫһ֪ǵ֮
ȱȷͷǸӲͬǸǵʦɡΪԼƺǿǿķʽȡʤ벻ȱмԱƱ˼
һԯԣһȻҲ¸ԯ˶
ԯϿɵĵ˵ͷȱȷʵĲͬ
ָо͸һμɳϪѰ̨ʱһǰ߼Ҳʮơ
ǶǲܹӱֱˣΪǾֱӵıУҲʹżĳ衣
˵˾ǲܹòȡˣͱȷ˵̨ϵĳ˭ʤ˭ӱϿоͶһ
ĴĻ˭ܹ뵽ǵĶս˵Ļء
ǻȱĶ춼˲Сˡ
ΪڶսʱʽԿɼ첢һƽ
ǵʵڣҪҲվλá
һӶûεĳʵ̫̼ˣӺڵʱʮŬĳȻҲѪڡ
ƽʱǼԸ۲˴򶷣ΪĻܹԼѧܶõĶ
ھϴ򶯣Ҳǳĸо
δ޵ʽܹõĵزȫûϵһ
ֻΪ˵Ĵ̫ڲһЩԳٳٶδƴĽ
ȥĻҲ֪򶷵ʲôʱ򣬾͸һķ¸Ͷһ˶ʮֺٷ
Ҳ˵һ͵Ϯһ֮ġ
˸ղŵһ飬ų˶Ҳô
ȻڷǶ˵Ĵһֱµʱ򣬾Ϳʼķӡ
ǵȷҪˣһЩУϾֱԷսһΡ
ΪûκεĽչҲͬ߳һٻԼԼޡ
ǵԼһһƬ̾ΪǶ˵Լ޽ǾŽ׵ˮƽ
һͷ½гȴʮǿľŽ׽ݻһͷͷ֮ͬĺյ
һĶΪԼľŽԼʮǿԲŻԽԼĶӵһͷʮһ׵Լޡ
²ŵڶֳͷŽγĶԱȡ
֪ᷢ飬ʱϳʱҲºڡ
Ը²飺ǶضˣھŽԼ޶ôţ
-

452 Ӯ

˵˭ӮⳡۿѾһ룬ڼԱߵһſѯʡ
˵ʵڵ⻹һˮƽڵģΪĲ£Լ޳ˣҲδܿ˭Ǹʰ·һλ
ȻȴҲҪֳʤ˵ûκһʾƣֻҪͲ·ֲȻ
ֻһƺѷ¸˸סˣΪʳ仰֮һƬϯʱ䶼ĬΧš
ʱҲû˷ԼĿҲ֪Ϊǵ̬̫ھᣬΪĿ
֮һʱ֮ڣûκܹ˵Ȼ
ѡ˳ĬһҲûдߴ٣ϾҲǳ˼ʼʱҲò
οҲֻҪǵѣֲҪ˽⵽ʲôҪݣҲһʲࡣ
˵ҲһЩ뷨ûʤѶ
Լ뷨ֲܴһУǾȰԭ˵Ķһš
һҪŤͷȥרעڱʱһƬܹ𻰣ҲԸ˵ξڽ˲硣
ȻӱϿЩĥ͸ӲҪ˵ĻʤһҲǲܵġ
˵仰֮󣬾¸趼˹ȥ
ξͷȻҲԥֱӵǵ˵Լ뷨
˵µʵȥҪ΢ǿһЩɲô֮ǰܹ۶ĹңһȽҲȻȥ֮ǰ飬˵޹ϵȴҲ˵׼顣Ϊⲻһ͵ģҪǱڡ
˵֮󣬷¸Ͽɵĵ˵ͷ
һֱξһҪ˵ʵĻξ˵һȷʵеġ
ʵֶȷʵһ͵ģʵ϶Ҫϸ΢Ĳ
ܹ֮ȽϣҺòҪκεĻµֺα䡣
ȫһҪ΢һ˲Żֶΰˡ
ĳӲ˵֪Ӧ˵ǻǻ˵ǵСˡ
˵һ֮ξҪһµǸˣԼµʵ
Ȼһո۹𣬻ûٴκν͵ʱϵ۾Ѿκһᡣ
ΪѾת䡣
ô£ȱͻȻռ·
֪˭һڳͶѻȸϢ̨Ͽ˹ȥ
Լ޶ǾŽޣɱϾһǵܵģһϷɵġ
ҪĻʮԡ
ݻǹ͵޶յ͵ޣ˵Ƕûκεĺô
ֱ涷Ļ˵ٶȾͻչ¶Ǹ΢·һֻ
ֻ޴ݱǵҲһԹС
˵ķܹķչɫҲΨһķˡ
ֻҪ˭ԼܹǰԷҪܵĻôȫȡⳡʤ
ΪͲ£ķʽĻȻǶһ֣ܹӮⳡ
Լ޻ǺҪģΣ˭ԼһЩ˭ͻӮñ
̨²ɵõ˷ĸпĸпͷ·һʯǧˡ
ȴû˷Ϊòϣ˵ĿȷʵһЩֱףҲʵҲûκεİ취
ǽž˿ʼ²⣬ǽݻӮ˺յ񣬻Ǻյ罫ݻľ
Ͼһǹͣһͣиơ
˭ʤɶ˵飬δؾǹһܹӮͣҲδͱҪ͡
ھ֮ڹۿ˾ֻ֪ͨҪûнһоͽпܡ
һ˭˭Ӯܿʼʱۣܵᷢתۡ
е˱濴ȥһӮⳡӮȴδ
˻̨˵һôһ£ֻҪ̨Ͽȥܹס
˻ΪԺյȣݻǾץģ벻ǽݻǻݣջǻ˺յ񣬲һ˱ʤ
һж̫ͻȻΪղǻ£ڽݻȴͻȻץס˺յҲ֤ͷԼ޵ıǳ׵Ľˡ
յǻȱԼޣҲ˵ȷʵҪκα
Կóȱϵı飬տʼʱȷʵһЩţƺǲû󵽺յݻһ
ȻһжѾˣܶһҲûʲô̫壬һֱĬĬŵʤ
-

453 ֳ۶

Ϊ˵ʵʮֳɫԭһг䶨֮󣬳»Ǳ
ǸǵĹҲǶܹ˾ʵıĸл
ˡӮⳡ첻꣬ȥʮֵ
賿ѧԺԺԼĸϵıҲҪ΢ÿһЩ
ϾһǾ̫ڶˣԾͬһ»˺ĳ档
һӮˣҲ֤ǲٺ±ڱ˵ʲôҲǡ
ڶӮʤҲǴ¡
ҲܹΪһӣǸһܹ۶һϸµĻᡣ
˱ĻȴȥȴûиеʮѹҲͬһ
ȷʵѵһԵս
˵乧άĻ֮󣬻ǫ̇̄
̬ȸµĸƺҲ֪ĸԻⳡ֮ȷʵҪ΢̬
ԭΪ״αΪ¶еһЩꡣ
Ȼ޵µĸˣҲǸӿȥʱȴǹһĨ޵Цݡ
ȥΪأҲ֪Щʲô
˵Ū룬ǴҶܹó鲢ǱȽϺõġ
ҲûΪⳡܴ졣
ڵǺԭ򣬴Ҳ˽⣬Ҳֻܷƪ
ڶѾֳʤôעҪŵıˡ
벻̾ȻǼΪģһ֮Ҳֻ峡ѡ
Ĺ˭ǿ߻Ҫһξ룬ҲеķţȴҪµ˴˻ᡣ
û˾
ڽյıûнʱ򣬾뿪賿ѧԺľصѧԺסʼһ½ļƻ
Ͼһ¸˵ǳ˷ͷȴûܵκӰ졣
ʼҪɵҪϳ˵ȫܲ˵ġ
˵ûôҪϳǿ˷¸豶ĿҲǲõĺܡ
뿪ά˹֮ά˹Ի˳٩
һϲô뿪ô磿˵⻰ľʱ˿Цһ
ά˹ǱΣʵﻹһġ
ֻҪߣѹ԰Ͳڲڡ
ǱҲȫΪҪִԼļƻ뿪ûһʼղά˹ԣ粽롣
һƧĽ䣬һ¶ڽļƻ뷨ʱȿڡ
Уټȥˡ˵ڱŸոտʼһҲв˼ӲҪ˵ĻѾǿˣٲֵĻ±Ҫˡ
һԵͷķʽӭţʵһĹϵ
ΪеĿ˵Ǻ޸ɸ꣬Ƿ¸ֻҪ¸赹ùܹ泩һЩ
ҧгݣ̬ƺǿңҲ֪ôһ¡
һת취
Ϊ˼ȤҲòѻ¸ϴһЩ
ǵĿľΪ˶Ը¸裬ٲֵĻˡȵʱҪҲûκô
Ȼ⻰һһȤ
ƺȤҲѲС
Ϊûⷽ뷨Զ·ңĻǴһѵġ
ֻɻ˹ȥҺԥѯʳڡ
Ȼô˵ʲô÷֮ǰҪ߳յ˺ɽȥȴɱˣɼжǿķʽĻҲϹǱİ취ֲôá
߶߶Ҳ˵ͷΪ֪˵ĵȷе
֮ǰ·¸˵ȴûг׵ıɵԿ֪һζǿ衣
˵Ѿһʱ䣬Ҳ֪Ǿвͨġ
Ҫİ취Ļ͸ûʲôʵʩˡ
Ϊܹÿһ鶼󵽽
ĹУһƺ뵽ʲôĺõӡ
ʵϾҪһЩ۶ҪԲһ
˱ķвͨһʳʱһģ͸¸ҩ
˻һ۾Ҳһͬӡ
ϸ˼һ֮ȲسӦ͡
취ã˵Ϊ˱ܻǲɱֻ֣ҪܹܵͷԣǾֵõģ
-

454 

ռ˼ƻ֮ĽŲҲӯ˲٣ĴԷ¸ˡ
ֻһı֮ȴһֱδҵᡣ
ȻвʣΪֻҪܹǰϳĻʵԽܹչֵһ
˵ҪƣǾϳҲܹĳͷ
ȻҲǼõģҪӮⳡȻûôס
֮ǰҪԷ¸֣ҲҪȴʱ
˵һˣȻȵ˵ڶ磬ڵ˻ᡣ
ΪԴһε֮󣬴Ϊ˲ҪٲìܣҲϣҪΪصؽƴһš
ĻǰһԣʵҲϣܹǵĸҡ
Ҳ˲ˣ˵ʼʱԴ˱ʾԸֲòлĹ
ΪĻÿ˵ϲܹգᱻ˸ɡ
ˡЩ֦չ
ʵǾԼĹ켣ϾҪóѣԾܺãԲŻһ·ҪΪ˸Լϲһ
ҪԼúƵĶ࣬ԸҲǺá
Ծôһʱ䣬Է¸Ҳɫ۾ȻϵҲ֮ǰƺ޹гΪѵơ
Ϊ¸ʵġ
˵ԼҲûʲô̫ϵƽļƻҲ˵
ȻҲ˽õ飬Է¸軹ǺãƽҲദĲ
쿴Լǰ׷Щ֡
ֻɴ۾ʼ٩ŵҪ
ô£ƽʱ㲻ǴСһʳָմˮ𣿽Ȼ˲˷
ԼֳĻЦЦûж˵ʲôϺ˷ֱ֮ӻصά˹
Ҳûм磬˿׼ϾҶѾˣھͿԿˡ
ڿ֮ǰ¸üͷԯ俴˳Ǿ͵˵ѯʡ
ôˣѧԺķ׼Ĳθ𣿡
Ҳǡ¸ҡҡͷ֮Щ˼Ц
ⷹʢе࣬ҿܳԲꡭ
һΪʲô飬شⶼ˿
ҲģΪʢǵԭԭӦһ룬ڶЩðˡ
ΪһԭԶǧǡڷ¸棬ܹõꡣ
Ͷŷ¸˵ڴһûˣ㲻Ļҽһ¡ҽеˣķһǳԵȥġ
Ϊǰ׷ȷʵǴҶûԭԯֻǿ˶ǧһۣûгֹ
¸ǧ֮ҲǺã˵ҪԼ֮󣬸ûпܣֻЦЦ֮͵ͷӦ
Ҳûж˵ʲôֵĽ˵꽻֮󣬾ֱӿʼ
һԵԭԼ֮УŹٷԼܹ¸ˡ
õ˵ľȻǱˡ
뷹ǧˣ
һߵ̲סѣ͵̧ͷŷ¸Ǳ߿ȥ
˸ղŷʲô£ҪֹȴѾˡ
Ϊǧ˿Ƕ˵ԭù˷ֱ֮ӰڣѾ
ԭѾȥ˻ֹ죬ջû˵Щʲô
Ҫ֪ⶼ֮ǰõģҲΪʲôĻʢԭ
Ϊڸ¸׷ҩкҩѣһЩɢһЩûر˺Ķ
ֻҪ׷Ļ˵ȫԼӰ죬ıǶܹμˡ
ζû뵽׷Ȼᵽ˱
ھȻѾȥ˵ĻҪֹҲûκεôΪѾˡ
οֻ˶ε׷һܹԼĻᣬѾټƽ϶ԷǺˡ
Ȼ뷨̫һЩ˵Ϊġ
ֻĬĬſѧԺڻңȴҲûκμֹ˼
Ĳɵһ߳ŷһ߹۲ŶǧǱߵĶ
ǧһηԵĺҲܿ죬һһ뷹Ͷ˽ȥ
ΪҩЧûеԭԸտʼʱҲûоѹ
ά˹ע⵽ԼԵһٷȥЩѰȴûбʾġ
ΪĻ֮ĶԻ¾ͻûûˡ
ά˹ȥ鷳Բѡ˱졣
ֻһǧ˲ǳԿˡ
-

455 

һٷ֮ǧ˾;Щ̫ץصǵԺӡ
һԺ֮Ϳʼкһʰ
˵£æ˵۶ĸˡ
ְϵҽߣŸǧһµơ
˵޴󰭣ǺȻ˵ҩһһʱ֮ڲܹȫȬҪǷбҪ油Աϳˡ
ҽڸǧ˿֮󣬵õĽۡ
Ⱥеʱվǰ棬Բ֪ǷҪԼ̬ȡ
֪֮ǵ۶ǾҪ油Աѡһλˡ
һλ˵ѡȨ϶ѧԺĵʦС
һθǶǡԼʦгţԼʦԻѡԼ
ʱǲ֪ЦǸÿޡ
ЦԼڵõᣬ޵е˲Ƿ¸裬Ǳˡ
֮лǰҵģΪⳡӮһ
˵¶´ˣĿĴﵽˣ˵һ¡
ǧ˴ʱ˿ɫ԰ףЩԺĴϡ
̽ǧܹǿһЦݻشԷ
Ϊ̫ԭҲûܹоʱȥ᾿˭ҩ
ϾڲôҲǴĹڼ䣬ǳ鷴Ӱڱûзֳʤ֮ǰӰ͵۶Ĺϵ
˫˵ǼΪģҲֻ֮ܲ
˵ǧвʣҲ֪ΪεԼȻûһܹܾдչֵĻᣬȴֲòϡ
˶ѾܹȥμӱˣӲҪμҲǻ
ֻĿŴҿʼ油ԱѡԱϳ
ϣ۶ͿʼֱӾڶϳ油Ա
ΪϾҪֵǧˣ˻ûк֮ǰֻ油Ա
Ҫ죬˭Ҳ˵׼쾿᲻鵽ǧˡ
ҷ飬ǲŽ油ԱѡγĻֲ֪ᷢʲô⣬ȻҪٽвԡ
ϣ۶ļλʦֱӽʣµĽѧԱǶټһ飬رҪ油Ա뵽
ȥϲˣȴҪǿԼȸԾ顣
Ͼһ˵ͬӪˣΪĸǧ˵ĻԼҲл油Աӱ
֮ǰѾһУ֪Ľʲôġ
Ϊѡʽʼ֮ǰ͸Լʦк
ˣҪ油ԱѡһѧԱǧ˲μӱΪҽ֮ĽҲ֪ڱ֮ǰǧѾܹμӱˡ֮油ѡ֣ȬҲɲܹμĹ䡣ԽΪ˱ͻ鵽ǧԻȽ油Աѡγ
˵ķ¸ǶԵȱȱξǸɢɢӣͷ·油Աһ
ϣƺϣܹ鵽֪һжѶ˵ġ
ȻʦҲѧԺĸ˵Щ֮ȲĿʼԼʦ곡Ϸ
ʦҪΪԼȡһᣡΪʵȴһֱȱһҪչʾԼ̨һζҪõģشҲ᲻ͬɣ
˵֮Դŷ¸Ǳü
¸˿ûǿˣҲЩĪȻûҪĴ㡣
ӵɫƺǱһЩįһ¸˶ܹóԲЩۡ
ʦźӵ˵ͷͬ߳һķһڳˣʵҲһ˵
Ȼ˵ĻڳѧԱûɣûĻǾֱѡ
顣
ʱ¸վ˳֣ʼԼĿ
óеʧ䣬ҲҪʱȡһ¡
Ϊ֪ǾԲܳǿģֲҪεĻᡣ
¸ΪСӵȻܿίԻҪȡһ¡
¸ճû˵ĻشξҲֱӿʼǶԮ
Ҳ飬ҲҪĹ䣬ԲһƽĻᣡ
Ϊ¸˵ƾ٣Ҳ˷ͷ˼⡣
ʱ˿ǶΪԼ˵¶˸мҲ˵Цݡ
ΪԼһȺͬеˡ
ֻѧԺĵʦƺҪᣬֱӷĻ
Ȼ˵ĻȷʵҪ¿һ¡ϸҾûǿԻϣ
-

456 

ʦĻڳ˳ⶼһƬĬ֮С
ǧǺѧԺѧԱҪϸһ油ԱĻҲӦǺѧԺԺʦ룬˵ܸ߲Ŷԡ
ȻΪ油ԱѧԺ˵ĹϵȻһλͽжǵʵΪϤѧԺʦ
ҲǴӵʦ
¾Щ޷¸üȻĽ⡣
տʼʱʦûκθоôҲѧԺ
֮ǰڷµʱ򣬰ѧԺڵʦа¸˵ǿȥֱվ˷¸һߡ
Ǽ˵жǼٵģڿʦֻǷ곡Ϸѡ
ŴҶԼԲŲòһ졣
Ϊ¸ԭͦǾ飬ӡٴһǧɡ
Ϊʵ̫һЩͬѧԺѧֻǿԼѧԱǲѧԱʵǷǿʢ
˶ܹóǺһܵĻδزӮ
˵ںпǲ£λεƫ̻˾Щ
ΪôҲԯһиɱˣͿԵĳˡ
ҲܹԯУδؾͻֱĶԾ
ȻѧԺλʦƫ̻ĻȷʵҲ޼ˣ
ΪôȥҶܹõ
϶ǻõһλᣬȫûбҪô
¸뵽һ㣬ǼܲסڳξǸֱӡ
ĳȻҲܹеè壬ǺĸѧԺλʦ
ʦڹĳΪһʦҾûǲܹ¡ȱȵĻô֪˭ǿ˭ʺϣֱӵǵһƺ̫ðɣ
ξ˵仰ֱӾվ˳ʮֲĶǸʦ˵š
ͺʦ˵;Բֱưոһ
һԼõ油ô˳ȻЩ̫صӵһۣǺݺݵһ۷¸衣
λǸʦĬˣֱܹشҪϸ˼һʲôĻشֳ²ܹʧ棬ܹԷһ
Ȼʱȴʦһ̨¡
˰ɣξ˵ˡҵĲС㡣øСɡǲϳҲǻᣬһΡ
ЦЦǫõЦ˾ñۡ
˵ĻǼ٣ڳ˭᲻
λ˵ǧѷ꣬ĻҲûпμĹˡ
Ͼ˭Ҳܹ֤֮ǻ꣬ǸѧԺԿ˵Ǽûġ
ܹϵʱҲ֮١
Ǵʱ˿̵ӾȻܹǫãóǸʦȱһ̨¡
ԼӵĻ鲻֪ҪеʲôĵزҪᵽʲôʱ
˵ʮֿܹ油ԱֱӱϳԱȻλǷˣھźͬʱҲرأҲܹõеá
¸λᣬëû˵ʲôʼվһԳĬţ
ξƢȻûôÿ⸱ӣǾίǾҪŲֱǰѧԺĴʦͨ
Ȼȴֱץס
ξŻĿӣȴֱƽҡҡͷֹˡ
⸱ģξ˰Σһ˦ӵ֡
ûкѧԺʦкֱӻصԼԺڣȻΪĲᡣ
Ĳӵ̬ȣҲǷ¸ǵԹۡ
ǾʦĴʽʵ̫ڲƽˣġ
Ժڳ͸û˷ˣһǳ䶨
سŷ¸һЦž§Լʦĸ첲Ժӣ˸ڵס
ֻ˵Ǹʦȥˡ
֮ܶ˶ǧ˵ҴΪĹеһ油ʽѧԱˡ
ȫûоǧ˵ͬ⣬ʵϣ´˵һ̿ʼ油ѧԱо˭ϳѾûκεĹϵˡ
ûа취ҵ飬Ϊ˶Ѿûа취ϳԾƿȨҲֲ
ֻĿű˴ԼϳԼͳ׵ʧȥѵһĻᡣ
һѾҲûа취̤Ĺľˡ
-

457 մմϲ

һйȻԤϵҶ뷢չȥ
ڶյʱͬĵǸӣȻĳ鵽˶ǧϳ
ʵҲΪһﶼΪӪ˼Ѿйһ
Ҳųڶʱûнڶֱ֮ǰϳĿܡ
ûμӵļǡɾжǧһȻҲпڶʱڻᱻ鵽ϳ
ҲΪԲȲҪ׼油Ա
ĻܹӦ䣬⵱ѡ油ѧԱҡ
ľΨһȴҲͬҲˡ
ڸе쳣˷ܣҾͷ·һʮҪٵԼļһ
Ϊһ¶Ļֵϳ
ȵľᣬʱôò˷أ
ֻһεڳǩַϷԵһĻڵһʱѧԺķ¸ս賿ѧԺĶڡ
һֵΪ油ѧԺϳ벻սľȻ賿ѧԺѧԱ
Ϊǩưٷ֮ٵ͸»˻Ƿ˴˰š
ϸһĻֱܹӷһ۵㡣
Ϊ¾˴ĻҲǰͲðѧԺ߿˵ǽ۶˫ֿԾ
ĻŻҪ϶
ӲҪ˵ĻǺµĿ˵賿ѧԺܹٴθѧԺϣҲ˵ֽ۶Ħ
ǼԸ⿴ģԶ˵пͷ
Ϊʦ˵ϣ賿ѧԺҸ¸ԯǲһһ·ܹǿϵҲǿԲ˵ġ
ϳʱʦ͵͵
֮ϲΪĻ;ܹӮⳡʤ
ĻϾܹⳡϴͷˣ˵һ¡
֪ʦȥȥͻأ
ԼʦһԣϳڳһɵӣʦһЦæ̨
СѧãԵ۶ѧԺָ̡
̨ȲĸԷʺãƺҪڶԷǰչʾԼһ棬˳öԷɾ衣
ȻԷ⸱֮󣬱ƺЩɶ
ԭһھȻ˲١
ã賿ѧԺߺָ̡
ֻߺ˫һȭǰ˹֮˻ȥ
Ҳ֪ǽղһװƵı֣ǲҪ
ֻ˾ɫƺЩ֣˲̨֪ܹع۲쵽ߺɫ״̬
ߺ˶ȻôѾԼˡ
һԼˣЩʲôеĻܹøߺԼˮ
ĻԼʱ򲻽ܹӮƯᱻҽ
뵽¶һ˿ڱصõЦݣ͸ߺһ˻صָλã֮ľһ
ʼʱߺûжվԭؿվƺڵȴȶһ
⸱ģȷ롣
ѾԻˣҪȻĻôȴԼУ
˵ʮֲˣϾȻԷʵ̶ֳȡ
ǴԼʦ˵ܹõʵԼ졣
Ȼһ·ǿģԼȳеĻԼδزܹռϷ硣
ֻ˵ǲڵġ
ϾյĿľΪǰͷ
ȻԷѾԼȳˣҲûԼʵıҪȳлԼôࡣ
ҲͲԥʵ֪ߺôŮദ񿴵ϳսľһŮѧԱԵȻ֮ġ
˵˵ò
ڸߺԼġ
ߺѧܣ㲻еĻͱˡ
˵һЦžһֻʰ쵵ĺһ͵Ÿߺ˹ȥ
ۣƺʱŷ
ߺʼվԭƺڵȴһʹһ
Ǽԭһӣ͸ӵˣΪԼҪɵӮⳡ˲Щմմϲ
ԼȻ֮ŵ˾ϣȻҲܹԻԷ
ȻһϵЦݾֱӽӲˣΪԷֱһУǵȴһϹʱ򣬲ֱ𷴻
ղʦ˵ˣȷߵһȷʵ˿ĳɷ֡ҲܹһֱӾӮ˵ɡ
˵֮󣬸ߺϣԭմմϲԭء
-

458 

һǹûд򵽸ߺϣ෴ߺֱӭʽײһ໥ˡ
вʣǿٳˡ
Ϊ֪վǰĻһͻܵΣյľ棬Ѿܹղһ
ӦøӵСľһЩҪȻĻ֪ⳡĽΡ
ô߰ҲܹⳡЦ
ҪȻĻĲôԴⳡ˵Ҳ
ԺԼԼʦΪʸ֮ģΪҲδòѡγ油Աڵһֱ˵
ڵпƺ棬Ҳֻ֪ĬĬžôӮⳡ
֪ߺԲԼôˣȻȫûзԼܵ˼Ǿ;ԻԼӲӲ
˵ֲģԾԲܹСԷӦֱ
ҪȻĻ󾿾ʲôĽǽʦ׵һΪ˵ľͲˡ
ţֱӶվĸߺ
ʵΪ˲ñ˽ֻֻܹ࣬ķ˲֪ʲô
ʼʱȳУҲǶһЩǵġȻ˵Ļҹ涨һ£ⳡҶԼģΣ
˵ţһ߲ͣع۲վĸߺɫ仯
֮ţΪĵ֮һԼޡ
ֻҪⳡӮ˵Ļǻȥ
ôŵһҪӮƯһЩԾԲܹõӦ÷ŵԺ
СžţֻҪԷԼĻԼδ
ֻҪܹӦôŵͿ󣬵ʱپͷ
͸ߺƺһߺҲδزӦ
ȻĻ֮󣬸ߺͶ̽Ŀ⣬û˵ӦҲû˵Ӧƺ˼˵ס
־ãŮܹҲǸԼЩϵġ
ûԼ޵İģҲδܹߵ̶ȡ
˵ĻǾöԷһֱȥԼҲʲô顣
Լ޵ҲʮǿȻ֮ǰܶೡǿԼӮġ
ҪԼĻҲʲô£
ѲԼܹûԼްĵԷ
Ǹߺջǵ˵ͷӦ뷨
ðɣҴӦ㣬ĻҲֹܹˣС־ǾԲģСԶԴ
Ȼ
ԷѾӦԼָֻһڱصõЦݡ
ƺǶֻҪܹٻԼ޵ʵ˵ĻܹӮ˸ߺʮʮİһ
ߺҲΪһŮӣʵ̫ѿһЩ
ο˫ûԼ޵İģԼԷǵ۶ҲûʲôµģҪ˵Ľ
˫ĵڶνһ
׼˻ᣬ˭˭һͬ˹
ǵڰн㣬֮ǰһ໥ˡ
ֻһεĳǴˣ˳ȥ˺Զ
ҿûеߣԱҪ
ظ˿ԼźԶĺߣԼԲܹĻҪȻĻҲΪ˿еЦ
̧ͷʱָߺҲעĺߣƺԼͬ뷨
һûзӦʱֱӷ𹥻
ĻȻȥһЩɣ̨µ˲ܹΪԼȳ־ͶԼ˵Щʲô
෴ǵӽ»Լ޲Ŷԡ
Ͼڲô˵ӮⳡҪģӮƯΡ
ȻҪУҲҪܹӮⳡǰɲŶԡ
ϾԷʵƺȷʵԼҪǿһ㣬ҪȻĻҲᵽڻûԼԵơ
׼һڳʤ׷һԷͷӦˡ
Ƕ˵ľֱϣٴζŸߺʹ˵С
벻ǸߺķӦǼģ˵紫ǿߵһûаʵĻôֱӱѡ
ȻʱܹɵķӦҲ֪·ңĿҪԼƳߡ
Ǿͷ˸һε˺ĻֹԼˡ
ܹˣʱҲʽ𵽷á
Ȼһлӳȥ֮ȷʵһЩˣ벻ԼʾûгɹȻˡ
˻صԶ˼Щߡ
ͷҲðϸܵĺ飬Ȼû뵽Ȼᷢ¡
-

459 ʤ

ɶû뵽˾ȻĻҪֵĶ࡭ɵõЩҧгݡ
˵ܣò϶ԷȷʵԼҪǿһЩ
벻ղԼҪ˲ĹֱⳡȻʧˡ
ĻԼûռϷ磬ÿ¡
һֱĻ˶ãⳡپͻΪԼ
־ԲķЩķӡ
ԼѾûˣһҪöԷûз±ҸֻĿŵĸԷ򶷲ӮⳡΨһ·
ҿʼ˼Žļƻ
Ȼ֪ڵƶ˵쳣ϾȴҲֱܹӵķϣ
ûҪһЩķӣҪȻһֱӲӲĻʱӮⳡġ
ֻӮúۣȻΨһİ취δزܹһЩݾ
ֻ۾ת˼Ȧƺʲôӡ
ߺһս״̬ʵЩʲôҲֻԼ֪
СǻеĻĳͲˡֻߺƺȵĲͷˣǾֱӶ˵
ŷӦԼڳͣٵʱ̫ˣͣȥĻػ˾Լӳ
ǾûȻȴֻԷӲӲˡ
ΨһܹľĬĬԷԼ򶷵Ĺлʧ
Ļ˵¡
ΪֻҪʧ˵ĻԼͻлɳˡ
ȻһֱȥԼֲˣδؾܹɵӮⳡ
뵽Ϊ˱ߺٴδߴ٣ֻӲͷƤǰС
֮ǰļһһƺҲɲ¡
ܹظܵõԷĳԽԽǿҡ
ټȥĻԼ¾ǲҲᱻߣⳡ
Ҳ֪֮ǰԷܹܲһЩ©ĵطԼһᡣ
ҪȻĻⳡܲӮûаա
־˼֮̽˫ƺһЩܵӰ˼
ߺҲһȫ˵ģҲһģվԶͣĴһܹó
͸˵ܹõȥˣڶͷѾðϸܵĺ飬ȻһЩԸ龰ˡ
ҲټȥĻδػܹɵӮⳡ
һҪЩר־ĶԸԷУҪȻȥԷҲδܹԼֱӵӮⳡ
ǻȻ˵ҪӮñĻҲҪЩܹԼȫӵĽڵ㡣
ȻĽڵ˫ȴûҵⳡҲֻܼ֮ǰģʽȥ
ʵŵ̨µĹⳡ㣬ֻΪŵ۶սԴҲŻۿ
ϾϣΪĹһԭ
ԴÿζעеһӮÿһεĹ䣬һȻҲ⡣
ҲΪҲŻῴýζ
֪ôעⳡ͸Ӵ򶨾Ĳ෴ҪЩͷǡ
ԲܹԼѧԺˣʵҲǲԼǰˡ
뷨᲻ջ֪
ĹʮУȻ֮ǰһƽɫ
ֻ״̬ȷʵԽԽ˵˭ҲûռϷ磬ȴû˼
ʧ㣬ʧ֣һνֵĹУߺ¾Ȼһ£ȻΪ֧Щվˡ
׼һλᣬ͵˹
ߺĹ˵˺⣬Ҳܵһ˺
ԭһԼٲӮĻͻˡ
û뵽ߺȻԼ֮ǰ©ֱҲ
˵ĽҲһڴҲܹķΧ֮ڡ
Ǻ˵˵Ҳ˷ͷ
ϾܹӮ𣬾ʹһЩʵ
˵ӮĲһжƯӮ˾Ӯˣ֪͵۶ֳܹʤȻǻףһ¡
ЩմմϲΪһʤǱϿˡ
֪еģԼһǳɹ
ڵƾҪı֮ˣûչʾҲ⡣
ߺ˵ЩʣǼȻѾ˱Ǿǳ׵׵ˡ
ǸӣǲܹĴģҲͽЩͷɥ̨
İõؽ˵ƺʮֵ⡣
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460 ж

ıΪ½ˡ
һȥҲδֵ۶ѧԱ
ԴҾصԺҴ˶ȥһ¶ǧ˵
ʱ˿һ԰ףѾ˼򵥵ĽȨ
Ƿ¸ȺѧԱԺ۶һͬǰЩʦҲ˿ǧڵôˡ
ǧȻ˶ģ֮ǰһ£Ҳ˵֪ôһ¡ⶾкҩɢһɫζĶֶҲǳҶ֮ΪҪĻ»Ҫⷽ֡
ҽ鿴˶ǧ˵˴ҶǾ͸˼򵥵Ľ
Ļ˳һЩ̬ΪҲ֪龿ν
Ͼǧ˱˶֪ôһ£ҪȴҲ޴֡
Ϊͬµ۶ѧԱһܹ˽ǧ˵ģ
˱ʸַ飬Ǻܲĵġ
Ѿ˹ӵ˽ȴܹظܵõǧɢĵѹ
ȻǶĽ⣬ͷ·ץ˸¶ˣܹԷʬһ
ҲǴҲܹģ
ϾҵȵľܹĹ䣬ȴڻûüϳʱֱƾ˭Ľе⡣
ϾǹⳡᶼûУû֤Լ˵ʧۣ֮Ǹ˶Ϊ˶е
ʦҲеʮֵŭرǺѧԺĵʦ
ϾôǧҲǺѧԺʦзŭҲڴķΧ֮ڡ
УôܹưͿ¶˿ĿľͲǿǧЩͣҪڻûϳʱֱ˻ᡣֻҪеһ飬ͻᷢڶΣΪ˱ѧԱҲⶾ֣Ǳøӳһ£
λʦĻҲЩΪ׷ĻǺһ
ӲҪ˵ĻҲ﷢ģһ˹Ϊ֮
Ϊû˻ɵȥĶԼμαĻʧۣ֮
ǧ˵ķӦ֪ģҲԲȥġ
Ȼ˵Ļ͸ҪĻ֣
ʦ̶ֳһѧԱҲԭؿǾηӦ
մһǾҪȥһ˵Ͼô˵Ҳⳡ췽
ǧΪҪһϸ¡
ĹҲԲǿЦģԿ췽鷳ҲǱҪнĵط
ѧԱҪôտǧ˵ҪôͻصԼԺӣƺ顣
Ⱥʦֱ췽˵ĵ̡
Ҳ賿ѧԺһ𣬿Ժһо͸Ӻùͨˡ
һεѧԺԺǰֱŭĳڵϾԲӲ
ҶΪ¶Լ˵ѧԺʦҲԻ¡
Ϊ˱Լĳ⣬ѧԺĸʦҲʦʼżɽĶĸԼ賿ѧԺԺ
ؼλ϶Ҳǵ۶ѧԱڴж˽ɣ鲻ܾ˵ģϾ췽ǵĵ̳飬ѲɼλͲһĽ𣿡
Ļ䣬ѧԺʦǷ߷ߵز
ǵѧԱòμһȴֱǸѲǵĵϻܹĶѧԺ¶˲ɣǱҪһ˵ģ
һһĸ˺賿ѧԺԺȻλظ
ȷʵûô򵥡
ȻǷȴҲܹȫ϶ΪοȷʵǲȻãȴǾһҪԴ˸Ρ
ջ賿ѧԺԺ뵽˶ԸĻشĽڣǾֱӵһҵ˵š
ܹô˵˵ȷӰ쵽˲ѧԱȫֲܹȫȻ϶ϢϢءϾôѧԺȴֻѧԺѧԱ˶ӦǸҪ˼ĲŶԡ
㣡ѧԺʦʱһʱ벻ʲôķӡ
Ͼ˵Ҳǰ޵ģΪȷ˵һû֤ݵһζҪǶԶǧ˵ҲʮֵĲ
ҲֻȵһٻǾ¡
ҪȻԶûнҲֻʱưͿ
-

461 

Ϊ۲Ȼ˫ǲɢˡ
Ҳûҳǧǳ˸ưͿȴֲܹ賿ѧԺĸˡ
˵Ҫ㵽˭ͷϣҪӳġ
Ľӵģǧߵﶼʮ
һΪ賿ѧԺ˱ģֻԸϣ˸ڰˡ
͸Ӿ±ˮʯҪȻĻǸǧ¶˵ˣ˭뿴ġ
ǰʦΪȷŭǻЩʱȥȥɡ
ƽģһ¸Ҫȥ뷨
¸֮ҲͷͬˣϾǸǧ˵Ĺϵǲ
ӲҪ˵ĻҲǵİѡ
ұҲΪѧԺ棬ĻһԴġ
ѡ油Աʱƫ̻Ҳ̫һЩžͲˬԵȷӦðæĻ˭ҿɵúúýѵһ¡ҿ
ξ˵¸ҲǳΡ
Դһ֮ξͶʦвܾżȾ;Ҫѡ
ȫǳǰҪϷԭ򣬲Ż˸ʽ
ξģһֱ鲻̫⡣
˵ҪҵĻ֣ȻҪһˡ
Ȼ˵ӦοʼءһҲڼߣǾԾļѲĶ顣
˳Ĭ˰Σƺû⣬ԯʱ侲³һ֣
һ֣÷¸ǰһ˲⻰Ǻͼ
̧ͷ˼ˣ˻ûԯĻʲô˼ҿȥ֪һͷˮԷ¸ɴֱӸǽ
ԯ˼ǣǿ뿴ֶǾԲƾհģԿ϶Ҫȥ򶾣Ǿʹ򶾵֡
˷¸Ľͣ˶Ȼ
ξʱǷ˽ܱ̾͸֧С
˵Ļ賿ѧԺѧԺҲһ£Ĺ׶ξ͸ΪϸһЩǲܹѧԺԺġҪЩĻҪȥ賿ѧԺרеӣֻҪȥʾܹųΧˣ
ǡΪκö˶˵ѧԺҩֶ̻أ
ξĻ֮ѸԼɻ
ξʱһͲ֪˰ɡı飬ͻظӡ
̫ˣѧԺڵҩûκҩǲģرϡСʮֳĶÿҩ̶Ӧеģҩ̶⣡
ĻƶǶĵ˵ͷ
¸ЩЦҪĻȥѰࡣ
ΪҲɲô׵ģʱҲų˴򣬻˵Ǹû˻ǲ¼ȵȵѡ
Ƿ¸ЦֹǵĶ죬͸æߴš
ЩýûбǲץȻʱбĻǾûʱȥ顣ҹζ࣬ͣȥҲûκôˣһҪץ
˷¸ĻҶ˵ͷһ賿ѧԺҩ̶ȥ
ΪУ¸Ǽ˶Ǳ˴˽·գξҪǺࡣ
˵ξƽʱ˽⵽ĸϢҪǶö࣬ǶѧԺƽһģҪȥﶼԡ
һξ·Ľݾҩ̣˿ûе·ϸûκ⡣
÷¸趼ɵõĶξ˴Ĵָһǲ߿ޡ
԰·Ľľˣ
Ļ¸Ͽɵĵ˵ͷʾһֱ˵Լ
ǣҲ˭·ǿģξҲǫ飬̾ͻظ
ˣƶˣǿЩȥɡ¸ЦŴξƶ졣
Ŷ룬ҩڰ
Ҫ֪ѧԺҩϡٵĵطϾƽϰĻʱҲˡ
ټϴССĿγ뾺ܻȥҩһЩܹƤ˵ҩ
賿ѧԺҩȴһϰƺ᲻κȤ
Ƕûһֱӭӣվλã޾ɵѯʡ
ʲôҪ𣿡
ϰ⸱ӣξʱȤǾֱӿżɽѯΪԭ
ϰ壬˵Ṇ̀δҲ̫һЩѲʲô֮𣿡
-

462 

ҩ̵ϰҡҡͷɿķ뷨ʾԼûʲô֮
ȺѧǵһȻǶ沢Ҳ̫˽Ļͽ͵Ҳûʲô̫˷ѡ
ƽһҲȷʵЩģȻԸĻҲԸ˵˵
ҵѧԱɣԲŶ賿ѧԺҩ̲Ƿǳ˽⡣ƽվûʲôҩΪ˼ԼҩġͻӦ˵ûҩĲŻץ϶û˻ֳɵҩǼҲҪҩĻȥԼ
⻰˱˴е𾪡
⻰ʲô̫ķӦ⻰ҪǷŵ¸輸˵ĶǾͱò
Ϊԭɵľˣһ˵ˣҲ˵賿ѧԺڵ˼ԼҩģضҲӡ
˵ܹȫųһĻܹټȥĿܡ
û£ȱ𼱡Ҳ˾ǿ׼һ㣬Ҫ˶Ŀ͹ˡ˵ģǲֱӲ˱ֻҪ˭ܹ˽⵽Ǻηʥˡ
¸ضС˵˵˵ͷξڸϰ˽
ϰ壬һֱһˡ˵ҩ̣Ǻʲôܲܽǿҩ̵˱
Ϊֱܹ˵һĿģξҲֻڡ
˵ȥӵŷξôġ
Ҿ˵仰֮վԵһͻȻʶԼá
ϰ岻֪飬Ҳǿ˲ϵݡ
Ǽʱ֮ûлظƺԥһɴʮµģóһʯŵϡ
Ȼҩϰһʯ˫۷һ߽ʯһЦеػظˡ
ʲôܿģҲûʲôǿֺηֻѽǿܻ֮еȣΪҩ˻ҵģĲҩǶҲҪҵ˰ɡ
˵˵ЩʲôҲûע⡣
ǶǰһΪ˵ҵˣĻǶҪһ
Ǹʮ˷ܣҲԥֱӿʼȥ
˱һҳȻ޼˵Ǵ˱ʼѾȥ˺ܾã˱Ҳֻд˼ҳѡ
ȻһȴǴĿģΪȫû뵽ģҲǶʶġ
Ȼ
д棬Ķ֮󣬼˶Ǿȣһȫû󵽵ӡ
ξȷӳ˹̶һС
Ҿ֪Ů˲ʲôö벻Ȼڲ⣬ȻͬԵ۶˸ǧ¶ѲʼĿ𣿾Ϊ˵油ԱȻǧϳ̫˰ɣ
ܹö𣿻᲻ỹĿܡһЩš
ΪжϲΪԼĸ绹ôһϵڡ
ĻͻǳĲð졣
Ҳֱȥ飬µҪǰ֮ˡ
ԯʱһ侲˵仰
˵ĻǲԼĿġ
Է¸ϸۺһ˲ٴ˼
ɲܹ⣬ֵһԯķ룬ɴĸ˽
ϸ뿴ҲֻڱĿܡΪ˶ҲҪ˲ŶԡǶͨˣ̶ȾҪȱ˵ĻǾԲ׵ĴǵԺӵģΨһĽ;ڲԱġ
ʢԯּ
¸һͼΪ˽͡
ҪΪʢʱ򣬾ֵĻᡣҪ֪ƽһʮָմˮӣʢĽǲŵģ¶ʱ
͵ͨξʲôһ˲Ӳ磬͸¸Щìܣƽ¸ȱľƫˣʼʱ¶¸衣ֻζû뵽¸ǳɵķ̫࣬ԾͺͶǧ˽һ£ԵҲ̫ˣ
˵˼һ飬ƴճȥ
ڵ֪֮ǶЩ겻ѣƺЩš
ӵģ޿ɱ粵
-

463 

ǼʹӣҲܹ˵ȥˣϾʦǶ賿ѧԺĸ˺ĸ˵ĺݻԥԥĿ˿ڡ
ĻȷʵЩ
֮ǰʦǾһͬȥĸһҴ⣬һжĺ¡
ȻͷȻԼ飬ֱӰͱ˵ĻпܻǵȺʦ档
ʱ¾͸ӵһʰߵĲˡ
컯ŪˣĲһȦͷȻòϣҲ̫̬ˣһЦ˵š
ȻѾ֪ȥŪ࣬ǾûмҩŵıҪ
Ǽһ£;ʱ뿪ٴӳ顣
Ǽ򵥵ظʱ˿̻ڱʯɵЦҩϰ˱ֱ뿪ҩ̡
һžǡײѧԺʦҲʦ
˶һҿʦһصɫ֮ǰҲ֪ôһ¡
Ǹղ˵Щ˶ҩϰ˵ȫûΪǳһЩʯеġ
ν˵ģ⣬ʦͲҩϰöԸˣǽղ˵Ļֺ
Ҿž͵ʱ˵
Ǹղ˵ĻҶˣȷеҲӦⷬӡҲҪľȷһӶ˵顣ҲֻΪڻĹڼ䣬
¸輸˱뷨ȫҪʦ˵һ飬
ξûĳԳʦƺҲҪİɣǴʼ˵˲Ὣ˵ȥο˵ǣ㵹һܺߣҲǶǧˡɶĺ£ܹʳҲͰˣҪΪ油ԱϳѲöǧ֪飬ﻹƽ𣿡
ξĻʦ˳ĬȻҲǾξ˵Щ
ѾûǰԼ
Ծʦƫ̻Ҫ˵˵ȴҲ޼µġ
ȻȻ鶼ѾߵһǾͱҪȥ
ʦŷӵĸĹµĻᡣ
λǲҪ߶ǧ˰ɣ¸֮Ϊʱ޸Ҳá
Ļ˵̫ǣǿһЩʦԼ˵仰֮󶼺޲ҧԼͷ
Ϊʵ̫ǿʶˣĲҪҲûҽڵġ
Ȼ˵֮ξΪеʮֵĲʣԾֿʼԻ
ʦԶǧ˹ƽ𣿶Ҿ˵ĻøӵʱָɣҪ֪ЩһֱΪ飬ΪҪҵĻֶϵŬҲδ̫Ȩˣ
ξĻʦû߳ŭ
Ϊ֪ԼûʸȻȴ뷽跨رס
Ϊ˲ԼɨأҲΪ˲Ϊʸ֮ģֻܾľһܹȫ˵ķ
΢˰ΣʦǴ˼ҾһĽ
ã˵ҲȷʵеûκηءɣȥͣȻҲһ赼ĻܹĹȥˡ
¸輸ʼճĬţƺ˼ס
ξҲֻͬĵ˵ͷĿǰΪֹһ֮õķˡ
ʲôõķӣһá
컯ŪˣΪҲûõİ취
Ϊά棬Լǧ˱˵֪ȨҲֻˡ
Ļʦ˵ڵĻҪЩѸǧ˵Ҫõö࣬Ҳܡ
˾͸ʦһͬ˶ǧ˵סʾοʡ
¸輸ʼվ·ңʦһĳĬκε̬
ǧ˸Ǵк֮󣬾ʼ
Ķһûкܹɻֻܻš
Ҳ֪ʲôͼԾԴЩĿǡ
ʱʦֱӿżɽĶŶǧ˰ο
ǧ˰ӵģһҪȰȰ㣬ҪΪ֮ǰˡ
ΪΣһ֮ǰ飬ǧ˵ɫͻްĪ
ͷһĿʦΪʲôһҪ˵Ļ
ѲҪȰԼΪ޽չ
-

464 в

һԹŵļһЩȥǧˡ
ΪǶ֪ʵҲ׽ʦ˵ȥĻǧɶôĴ
ȻȴҲֻһԿţҲܹκεۡ
¸趼Щǽܲ˵üҲʼ˼Ƿôȷġ
ҲòϣĿǰΪֹΨһİ취ˣôҲûиõķӡ
ʦľҪһЩˣҪǵĶ˵Ҫ෽ġ
ҪѧԺ棬Ҫͽǰ̡
ںòѾվܹĹľ̨ϣֱٴνʸȡԽԽĻ;Ի澡ʧˡ
ںòᣬôܾ˴
ȻѾѡһݾ˵ûԼֺҲѡ
ƾԼֶΣʽѡֵλã֮ҪάȻǲ˵ʦҪΪǵġ
Ƕǧ˲ܺߣĿǰΪֹί˾ˡ
Ȼ˵ĻҪǧ˵ĸҲ޼µġ
ĿǰΪֹ˵ǻٵˣһȽϻһЩԲܹǰ;
ʦ̾˿ž;Ŷǧ˵е뷨
ģҲ˺ӵףʮָӡ
𣿡ʦһҵףǧ˾˷
Ȼ˵ĻǸϽ˭ɣһ۵ģȻôҪĳϽҺӣ϶Ϊ
û뵽ǧ˵Ȼ˼ʦҲɵۡ
ҪǿԼ侲ΪҪȶסǧ˵ġ
ڿƲסԼĻһԼĻͺѼȥˡ
ϾһֱȶôԼ˵ЩʮֱĻʧصıԵ
ʦϸ˼һ̽Եؼڡ
ȲҪʦһεԼˣΪ˴룬鷳ɡ
˵ʦЩһˣΪ˵ԷǲܵĻҲ֪Ӧôˡ
Ȼǧ֮ʮּ۾ɵôġ
ⲢܹѾָƽһ״̬еŭĿԲȻǱòᡣ
ֻһվصذοʦ
ӪѵͿΪΪͿҵϺЦҲ̫ЦһЩɣƾʲôòѵӦܵͷ𣡡
˵֮󣬶ǧƺǳŵʦļ˿˹ȥ
ǶһĲ̵ӣǧֲɵӣȻ
֪ЩˣȻĿǰΪֹ֪ĺԼӵ˭Բеһ
ҾʦϣܹƾԼ˼²õΪԼʽѡֵݱĳ油Ա¼ɣԲĽ֡
һ£˭ԼϳģһоͶ֪ˡ
ʦȻ֪ڵĶǧʮּǽ˵һǧһҲûõ顣
ҪסԽôǧȥյⳡû̵սҪӮġ
Ҳûа취飬һΪ˿İο㡣㲻ܵĻֻܰ⵱ˣѲҪѾٵһˣѵҪٵһҲҹȫ֣㲻Ҫң
˵ʵڵģĻҲûʲôֵĵطǺԶһ˿вζ
ɼһǧ˲ӦĻ¾ûôˡ
Ҿ㲻˵ģķȷΪԼ̹ȴҲûκεĺô޷⡣
󻹺пǣˣѧԺӶˡ
ϾѧԺڧĽȥĻҲ棬ԽͱԶǧ˽ܣΪġ
ĿܼΪ㣬ΪĽɢȥĻʱѧԺѧԺ۶ΪЦ
һǳص飬˵ǧ˱ӣҲǸʵȥ˵һЩĻģǵĺȴҲ˳ܲġ
Ҳֻûκε취ˡ
һʦĿľΪϢˣҪԽԽĺʲôĻ֪
ǧƺûзӦʦ̾˿Լղ˵ȷʵЩǿӲǾֳȰ⡣
-

465 Χ

ˣ˵ĻҲˣҲ϶侲ǾͲҪȥЩˣ¾͵ΪֹɡΪǣҲΪ˵۶ΪѧԺźѧԺ֪飬ȥ֮Ҳδйɣ
ɴŵвĳɷ֣ǲò˵ǧ˻Ǿ˵ȷʵЩˡ
ǲҪöԷıóѣΪƫ̻ĳɷ̫ԡ
Ĺȫ֣һҲȷΪ˺䣬ΪƣΪ۶
ԽԽĻԼŵĺѧԺҲΪЦ֮һ
ڶǧַǳԼѧԺ˵ǰҲͲֵһˡ
˵һλҲ൱ı󣬵ҪĶô࣬ǿʵķġ
ֻűǿȵĳɷ֣ʮֵĲԸȴҲֻʲһҲҲ֪ˡ
ǧѾĬϣ˵ûеͷӦʦҲ֪ԼĿѾﵽȻҲûıҪ
ǸоȥΪĵ˵ͷž뿪
¸ȴһֱվһԲû뿪
ȵʦԶˣȥȷʵΪе֮󣬷¸˾Ĵյ˶ǧ˵ߡ
Ҳ֪ܲƽҲȷʵûа취飬ֵÿһ㡣
ξҪһ¶ǧ˵ǣǾֱȰ⣬ϣܹ龡
ϾҲˣһֱѹĻɺܴĸ
ʱ˿̵Ķǧ˿ȥرǰܣȻҲ֪ⲢǼ˵¡
ܹó¾ǼԼ鵽˱ס
ҪȻĻʦԲĵԼﰲοʵҲֻΪϢˡ
ԶǧѾ΢侲һЩܹ֤ԼǣǿЦЦǰļ˵л
ǼҲҪеΪѣҲܸлΪҲ鵽Ļ˭ҪȻĻҿ»֪ϾȻ񶾵Ůˣ
˵󣬶ǧ˼˿ҧгݵζ˲ɵûǲĻͻϳȥƴ
Ͼֶζ˶ǧ˵λãĻܹվھϴʵĿ¾Ƕǧˡ
¸ǾʮͷֻۣüģͷҲ벻ʲôܹοǧˡ
˸ǲ֪˵Щʲôá
ջǷ¸˰ΣȻŶǧͻȻο
飬һҲȷ̫ڲֶΣʼĿܻҡģȻûлĹľˣᡣܹĻһһѵҲƽһЩ
¸Ļδ䣬ܹԵĲõǧ˵ɫƺ΢ȸԾһ£ȻΪԼĻ΢һЩ
÷¸˿Ϊڶǧ˵ȷʵ̫ڲƽˣʲôرڱ
ܹٺһЩĻһȻҲӭжˡ
ҲҪټˣԼ飬ҲḶһĴۡһ죬ҲһβƺĽѵġ
ţ֮󣬶ǧڻӦ˷¸裬ҿȥǴ˾
˵ȷҺƣҪɱǸŮ˵˼ôһ˵뿪࣬ллǾˣǺúõȥ׼һ°ɣףǻһĹĹھٵˡ
⸱ӣҲƺ˲٣ҲͲٵˡ
˼򵥵ĸǧ˸֮뿪Ť˸ڵԺӡ
û뵽Ĺе֮죬Ҳҿ¸ԯ˾
ڻظԺӵĹУξһһս
û˾Ȧʮ˵Уǡɾз¸ԯ䡣
ˣѧԺ൱ģǷ¸ԯˣ꼶ά˹Ҳһ·նִ˾ķΧ֮ڡ
Ǹеˬ£ǸȻҲܺãںüж˷ͷȻҲλá
ǰʮռѧԺĸһɳϪѰϸĻҲͦ˸еԺģҾͦ
ξ˼άԾ̶ȷǳ֮죬ԺܿĴһ뵽һ¡
ֻҪһ뵽һսѧԺʱ򻹾ŮӼֱԼŮ
ǺһȻһŮţı˭Ҫ񶾡
Ҫ֪Ƕǧ˰¸һٵĻеĿǷ¸ˡ
ξ̵ˣȻǼñ˶ԼĻ鲻á
ԶԭҲòȥ˵ӡھ͸һˡ
-

466 ѵõ

ոտʼ賿ѧԺľ˵ɽ˺
Ϊѡڶ࣬ΪҪΧⳡճ־õĹ˱Ƚ϶ࡣ
¸ȻǺͬһͬһľξͲɵøп
˶ļֱҪװˣǰûǽģôˣ
¸ЦЦûж˵ʲô½˱ʮְ֣ĴȻŹ
쵽ֳĿ³賿ѧԺЩѧԱ⣬Ľġ
Ĺ賿ѧԺԺҲ޷ֹģȻǽˡ
賿ѧԺľҲ󣬿װôˣԶǲûʲôӰ졣
²ֻǽգҲ۸ӣʱ򻹻кüԾǰҲֻǰѣԿܻҪм죬˹ƶôˡ
һԵһ˵Ҳʼ油ԱҲܹͬЩͬһͬۿ顣
Ͼе˶ǶʮָȤġ
˵ԼܹμӣⲢ˵ûκġ
ڹۿĹǿȡѵҲܹȡ顣
˵ʮʮĺ£οһΪ油ԱѾ̭˵ԱҲڳΧ۵ʸġ
ĻᵱȻ˭ԸŹϾĹһҵ̨˭ҪֳԹĦԵġ
ǧѷĻᣬǧĴӵ۶Ϊ˹ۿһı
ϸĹۿĻǲϳźʲôźˡ
ʼǩˣ˵һϳĻ˭ˣھʣʮˣ¸ԯҪǳ鵽һĻǺΣ
ξԭרעڳǩĲеǼ˵ƣǺȴͻȻʣµʮǡɾз¸ԯ䡣
һĻһϷɿ
ϾһȺ֮ͬУкö˶Ѿᵽ˾֮˾ʲôĸо
ǿɵǽִ̼뵽ξͲɵ͵Ц
¸迴һξЦһ£Ҳûж˵ʲô
ʵĿ⿴ȥѾЩްĪΪҲܹȷھĹԯԼӦô
Ϊ˵ĻҲͬƽĶԴ
ڷ¸˵ֻҪԯټȥ
ԱӦνе飬ûг鵽һ𣬲һý֡
ԯһƫͷףǡɽ¸ɫ
ڶԷ¸˵ʮ˽⣬ƾһƳһЦҲܹ롣
һԯȻǿ͸˷¸ľᣬ¸裬ԯҪӵĹһЩ
飬ڵһ˽⵽ʱ򣬾ѾȷеĴ𰸡
֪¸ڵʲôʵ˵ҲӦǵġ
ǲ֪ΪʲôѾˣʱ˿ĴҲʮּᶨ
Ϊ÷¸ڽľвپʧ˼飬ԯɴһ衣
ھ㣬һȨ
ɤڷ¸ŵķ¸һ㶣ԯ֪˵ǸӸ˷¸ѹ
˵¸뱣ƽģԼŵĶԷ׿͸˵ԼΪΪѵĴ𰸣÷¸Щ֪
Ҫȫ
ʵԯǺټ¸һġ
ΪƽﲻԼУеķ¸趼һΪӣƺ¶İֲ
ԼǴǰ鶯һ棬ҪΪ¸⸱ﻻһꡣ
ʵ˷¸Щ޴ӣоȻҲһЩůůĸоġ
Ϊ֪¸ķӦҲںԼ뷨ҪȻĻĽȻҲȻܡ
һǿľֶֺ֣Ϊأ
û뵽¸边ȻΪ鵣ģԯҲʶԼܸԷѹˡ
ԯ̾˿ǹһ˿ѵõЦݡ
ƽҲڳ̧޳ַһ·¸ͷ
δйᣬ¸Ҳһ㶡
ΪƽЩƺ˽²ܹչʾĳģĳϣ˿ǶĺܣͻȻ
ģ뷨ҵ뷨ҪӮԲŻȨȫѹѲ֮Ǻ𣿡
˵֮ԯ仹ضŷ¸ЦЦķ¸һͣ
Ҵҵע˲Ϻطûע⵽ߵ
ξƺʲôתĿ⣬һӵӡ
-

467 Ը

ȿȡ
ξεĿһƺҪǿԼעתƵ𴦣ҴӸղԼл
ЦҪԯ֪ղŵһĻԼһǾˣ
ԯ仹һЦĿŷ¸裬ֻų˷¸ܱƺͷų
Ѿתͷȥûпߵξɵô˸µԯòᷢԼ͵Ϊ֪һ˰ɡ
¸迴˿ԯ䣬֪ȷԼ顣
ǣĺ𣿲ԯµӰ
շ¸ҲЩĿ˿ڣΪԼܹô˽
㲻ƽԴ֣ΪʲôҪΪҷ᣿
ˣԯ˷¸û˵Ļ
ԸģȫΪֵã㲻ҪСԼˣر֮䡣
ԯֻԷ¸չֳЦʧˣȡ֮һ˵档
ɫķ¸ͷһҲûκιǡ
ʵҲףĹǣԼУԯֺγûУ
ԯҲǹԼ飬ӲҪ˶սһĻΪѵİɣ
ãˡ¸¶ЦݣҲǸԯһȷеĴ𸴣Լġ
ԯҲϿɵĵ˵ͷ¸Դ
ˡ¸ͻȻʲôһ̧ͷͬ۶ʢ档
ԭԯֻͷϣ̧ͷĶȻȻķĺԡ
˿棬ԯûܹʲô˼ЩɻҪ˵Щʲô
ţôԯſȥ뿿Լķ¸迴ȥ
¸տʼûʲôӦȴͻȻһޱȵЦݡ
Ҳֵãԯ䣬Ҳֵá
˵֮¸ѧԺλȥһԯһ
֪ҲЩȥԯıˣԲǡôԯȥ۶λ
ԯѵ㶵ģҲû÷Ӧôһ¡
ʱѾ¸߳ȥԶˣղſ˵ȫڷ¸Цˡ
֪ģԯĶˣҲѵõЩλ
ΪƿԼĸоƺҲ
˸ոͷֲϯǱƺЩҡ
Ǳʲôʲô
¸Ϊ棬ҲΪҪƸղЩεľ棬ǾͿʼŲϯλǱš
ξʱǻָ˹ȴӸղűԯв˵Ļ̿гͱ״̬һظ˷¸Ļ
Ŷղǿûע⵽˵Ƕĳǩʽò⣬ҪѡԼȥ顣
һ⻰¸һ㶣ͦġ
˵һνʵܳһЩңҲʮֵĹƽ
ֹһЩڱ˵٣ⰲųǩ֮ġ
ʲôʱȥǩ¸򶨵ķ˷·°ڣƺķȥĳʱ׼ǰǩһ
ξ۾۲һ²ϯǱߵ״ΪҲʲôʱǰǩ
ûһϯǱ߾͸˴𰸡
ϾҪлڣΪȷϵĹƽǾʮ˰Уøλѡǰǩ鵽ͬɫǩ˼Ϊһԡ
Ա䣬һƬȻȻû뵽һγǩȻȡԭʼķ
ԭʼҲûʲôãͷֹٲǣ
ξ˵ûǲÿǩķĻҲԣоȻ˰жֽţ˳һ
ҲǲܵģԭʼķӵİȫһЩ
¸û˵ʲôֱӾ̨ȥ
ԱѾ׼˵ǩһͲϿȥʮһģһǩǴҶ֪µɫȻͬ
ԯȻҲʼĬĬڷ¸λȻǵ۶ˡ
Ǳ߹ȥֱ֮ά˹Ҳֺ̨ͬȥ
ɳϪѰһӣ͸ɫ
Ա˿̨ϵվλʮ˶ѾǾֱӶ˵Ұǩͬɫһ顣
ߵһǡɾǷ¸裬ûʲô飬ȥޱ򶨣ǰһ֮󣬲ɷ˵뿪ˡ
ԯѸٵĳһ֮󣬾͸ڷ¸վԭλá
ž˳ǩ
ԯصԭĵطվ֮¸һۣΪǶյĽ
Ȼ
-

468 Ȩ

ɲɵ֮ǰһжû׾ڰǾͳ鵽һ
ûԯͷ¸жǸϸǩ
ǶԭͲеλ϶һκǡɾһӵġ
ǶһЦ˭ûоᡣ
ά˹˿Լеǩŵһɫϸߡ
һ£һ鵽ɫϸߵһĸ꼶Ӻ
֮ǰڳбֵľʮֲʱά˹ȽϾԷ
Ƕ˵Ŀӣڿ˶ԷԼĶ֮˶ΪĬĵͷ⡣
վά˹ԣ˿Լеǩһɫϸߣü鶯һ߿˹ȥһӾͿһЩ۵ס
ԷҲˣͬЦЦ
ǰãѧԺ⣬ľָ̡
Цº񣬲ǵĴͷһֻһɽЦ滢ȥº˲١
Ȼȴ飬Լкرĸ߰
ֻ΢̧̧°ͣԼȥʮָһȵӣ͵ĸԷк
ǵ۶ѧԺмɡ
ڰʼ֮ǰͲǵϢ֪ĲϿȥǳۣҲ峿һߡ
ܹߵȷʵʵףǶ˵ȴδؿʵ
ֻǰҪάһҹº˵˼˿߰ȴҲڸ֮֮´ż˿º͡
ʡöԷڱԼǰҪλġ
ҲǸˣóԷƺ̫ƵԼӣֻº͵Цţûж˵ʲô
ֻվԼԭĬĬĵȴŲԱһ
ɳϪѰǩϹŶɫϸߣξֵɵ˾һԵĻ϶ȤһɫϸߵǷɳϪѰʡ
ֻʱ˿ɳϪѰһԼǩϰŵϸߣɫЩްĪ
ֻüҲûȥѰҶֵ˼òһ̧һ࿴˹ȥ
Ȼǡ˵ײ˸š
ɳϪѰʶֻɳϪѰײʱƺһ
ķӦɳϪѰȤҲΪһλԼײ˷Ӧ
ɳϪѰ˵ЩʲôǸӾԶԷ˹
Ȼһֱ֣ɳϪѰʺ
ɳϪѰǰ֮ǰڱ֮ע⵽صʽµĶıָˡ
ɳϪѰĿҲ΢ǷǷԷ˺ãҲûж˵ʲô
ȻԷԱţҲ˵Լ֣Ǿ˽Լݣûʲôҽܵġ
ֻδǰԼϰͷҿȥʵΪ˾ӵӣȻµˡ
ȷ˵µϵʼ˶١
Ҳȷͬ˵ξǵĴȤҲ޵µϵǹϢӦɳϪѰȽǡ
վһȴҲκε֮ĻɳϪѰȽµˡ
ĵЩǵ۶ķ
Ҳֻѣվ̨ϵɳϪѰ֪ʲôҲûо顣
۶˵⣬ʮֲɵγǩ˵ƽȴҲͬӪײһ
Ǹӣ¸ԯҲͬӡ
βмҶѾͬԼĶֻʺҴкˣǾ׼һҲǶ̨µһ˭˭ụս
ȻҪʼʱԯȴͻȻ֣Լ顣
УԯԸȨ
˷¸ĴҶ˽ξҲ߷ֺͿԴҶһͷˮһƬȻ
ȫû뵽ϾҪʼȻľ
и˰ΣҲҿϺãܹΪһӦˣԯʡ
Լľ𣿲ǿȣҲİã
ǡԯٴ²Աɫ
ȻԷȨĻҲǹ涨֮飬չȷǿȨ
ֻδ˵Ҳδѡ
Ƿ¶ҪиʼȻѡȨĻҲȷҪȥġ
Ա΢˼һ֮󣬾ͼ
۶ѧԺԯȨĶֵ۶ѧԺ¸轫ֱӽ̭
ԯûж˵ʲô˲Ŀ˻ص˷¸ߡ
Ķٿһ۴ʱ˿̿úܽȴֱˣ̨̨µƺôһ¡
-

469 ά˹ϳ

ݵķ粨˲͹ȥˣ˱˳
һʼ۶ѧԱά˹ѧԱӺڳ׼ѧԱ˳ˡ
ԱĻ䣬¸ʹԯֱӴ̨ȥ·ά˹ߵʱ򻹲Թ
̨֮ǰҪӵһά˹
չʾһԼδ޵˳ԷһЩ
Ȼȴά˹ɫظˣĶţȴûдȵıϡ
ֻ˵˼ףĻžʹЦ˳
µģֻʣѧԺӺ͵۶ѧԺά˹
Ҹ磬ͣӰһԼĸǵһҪģǶ˵ֱ̨³Լֳʹ
ά˹Ĳ׽һ䣬̧Цеس̨µһ˻ӡ
ԴԼ׵̬ܵȺͶԴδ̬ر𣬴Ұһ㿴˶֪
ȴûиоʲôֺ֣վ̨£֪ܵĳ̨ϵά˹ͣĺЩʲô
ֱһ賿ѧԺĸάֳʱ򣬸ˣŻصԼλ
賿̫ڲòһЩ֪賿ѧԺĸҲǸӡ
ûֱǿԵĽѾǲˣڴ˴СУ̨ϵı޷ȥ
¸ԯѾصԼĵط
ξڷ¸һţԼŷ¸ԯ˴Ĵָ
ԯû˸߹㣬ղΪʵ̫ˣѧԺȵʱ򣬳ƽһôû
¸Ϊԯ䲻ξ
ϾЦĻξֻ˵˵ˣԯҲϲӲ硣
δ룬ȻֱӸξ
ղŵҲֻ֮ˣѲ㻹ָ˱컹죿
仰ζʮ㣬ҭξ˵ϵ˶֪λظˡ
ֻ˿ڿˮȻԯĴָ
ԯ㣬ҭ˶ǲſڲ֪һſһ˲ò࣬ˮɶ
ۡ¸м䣬ξ̲ⷬסЦ
˲۽ЩЦᣬž͸Ͻֹȥ
˺ˣ˵ˣά˹ıҪʼˣרĿɡ
¸˵⻰ξԯ䣬תͷ
ԯȻǲ˵֮ǰһͬô飬ԯѰά˹Ϊ˻֮һ
ξ֮ǰҲĽͬԺǱԼЩ꼶ǰ
οԴֱʱ˵²۲ϣ̬ȻǼΪġ
̬Ȳ棬ܹվλã
ƽʱɵ湦ʱξҲ
ά˹еˣӺɲһˣϵһˡһҪ˵ĻҪҵѧԱ࣬ά˹ǰһǰ
ξĻ¸ƫͷһۣ㶼֪
ǵȻ賿ѧԺҵϢҲͨĺܵĺ𣿡ξǫ˵š
Ӧ˵һոտά˹ơ
ʵ֮ǰ֪˵Լڵ۶ڸ꼶ǰΪʵǲԯ¸ġ
Ͼ֮ǰһ࣬ҲǸԼĵܵʶ
˵УȵڵľҪ¸ˡ
ԯΪޣϹʱڵɽıཻڣ˲ʵ
ϸ˵ά˹ӵеΪĺ󱲡
Լʵкܴռ䣬ԲҪŬǡ
ں򶷵ӺӲҪ˵Ļά˹ԶԷĵһӡ˵Ƿǳĺˡ
ʱ̨ϳǩʱ򣬹ͬ鵽˼ɫϸߵǩ̨Ŀʱ򣬶ԷҲظԼһЦݡ
ɼõƢ֮ãʵַǳǿһǸ൱ɹĶ֡
ά˹ȻһģǾ͸ҪԼԼģҪȫԸ
ǰʵȷʵǿĳ۷
仰˵óȫǳά˹ʵ⣬ǵȷöԷʵԼ죬ҪȻҲ˵άĻ
ӺҲٵĸܵ˶ԷԷ˵ĻʱҲĶԶԷĿޡ
ʵҲʮǿʱɲҪ˵ɥ˭˭ӮһɾԲҪˮ
Ӻ˵ά˹һЦ֪ԼҲͬõ˶Է𾴣ԷŻ˵Ļ
˻һۣ˵ǰӲʶʱ˿Ĭȴ·һͬ֡
-

470 ϧ

ǿײĳ̨µ˶ܹܵõ
ҴүʵȻǸǵģ̨һ߹۲ųϵĶһ߲ɵõ
ԵҶֱһޣͬҲǿ̨ϵĳͷ·ǿһ㡣
ӺҲҪȻĻô֮ĳڿ˹УһĿĸо˵жǿߵ簡˵ǰɣǧˣ
Ҷ˵֮󣬾ŤͷŶǧ˵λȥ
Ҫ֪ȺѧԱϵõĵȻǴʱ˿ߵĺξǶǧˡ
Ϊǧ˵ϻҪӵģʵʮֵĺദԸʲôҲʮַϴҵ⡣
Ҳ֪ô£û
Ҫ˵ĻƺҲܹۿˡ
˵ûкҲʼ̱ڴϡ
ΪǼǱʦҪЮԶǧ˼δԳ˷¸顣
¸ҲԴ±տڲᣬϾⲻʲôʵ飬˵Ļ֪ԽͻԽ鷳ԴҲѡ˳Ĭ
Ƕǧ˵λᣬҲѡлٻǻЩĲ̹ġ
ҲΪνıûܵԭ򣬲Ϊ
ܹ¹ۿȴҲûǸˡ
οĥҪԼ̨ȥ
Ը⿴ģҲȫȥ͡
ҶһԼԿյλǧû
ƲƲ죬ƺǾЩǧ˾ʧ䡣
ϾԼѾ̭ˣȴɾܹǿ̨ͬҲһܡ
δܿıһźǧѸеЩʧˡ
ʱ˿̵Ķǧ˻ԼԺУܵԺѿһˣֻʣ
˶ȥ賿ѧԺľۿǲμӱˡ
ʱ˿Ϸǳƽƺް㲨ֻߣ֪Щʲô
Ŀ⿴ȥЩͣȴû͸һ档
ԶգƺʲôҪֲеȱ
еģҲֻԼ֪ˡ
ˣζҲһܳ
תؾ̨ϣʱ˿ά˹Ӻú졣
˵ʵȷʵһЩ࣬һά˹ΪƴȫҷǳԵʣȻҲܺӺ¡
ӺĿ𽥵ĴЩֵȷƷһá
˵ʵܻԼԵһǾȻֵܹԼĵط
ά˹ҲԭΪⳡ۵òᡣ
ǴǴЦݵɫܹóⳡĺˬƺҲᵽǰδеĸо
˵ԯͷ¸һܵĻҲֺܹĿУȴĻᡣ
ȴǺһԼֵ̨ͬŵÿҲԼ㹻ĺȥȫԸ
˵ⱲӵĿǰΪֹΪʹһˡ
ʵҲ̨ϵĶôģ̨µҲʮֹ񫡣
ûж೤ʱ䣬Ѿϰˡά˹ܹͦʵףɼʮ֮ǿģ
ѧԺָʦҲڵ۶ߵλá
ȺʦĶϲ۲̨ϵ龰ѧԺʦҲɵõĿ̾
ҲѧԺָʦѧԺʦ뷨ʵжôǿʢľӵĸȾˣûжԷΪߣȴܹվڣ˵ֵĵط
ά˹ӺͬΪڣӺĽҪά˹һЩ
Уά˹ܹͦѾʵףǶ˻ҵļơ
ƺ˿ûΪһʱ䣬ĵ˲ֱӵսپ
෴µ˶ܹóǶ˶ⳡ֮Уһʼⳡ
ҲǺܾûܹԼ൱Ķˡ
ֹ˴мʮеӱղȷһ
Ӻ׻Ҫ΢һЩӮⳡ
ά˹Ѿ׵ıͣһ֮顣
Ϊά˹ȻⳡҲֻʧܰˡ
ԼͬȽ׼ĻδԼͻӮù
˵ôʱά˹ԼܹܵĶˡ
ά˹ԴǰǼΪ𾴣ܹܵõԼһһ˷¸⣬̬ϵһλ֪
-

471 ʽ

һֶԾʤӺ۶ɳϪѰ¶׼
Ϊһε۶ѧԱȽ϶ԭе۶ѧԱϳҲΪ档
ɳϪѰϸǿκ⣬һ˿Ӧ
ڲе㵽ֱ֮վ׼̨ԵȻʾ
ɳͣǰ޹˺ߵķʽɳϪѰߣֱЦض˵
ɳϪѰЦЦǶԺĻÿɷ
һԵҶ״̲סԴ
ôɵˣ˼µķɳ񣬾ǰ޹˺ߣҲֻǶ˵Ƿŵ£Ǿ͸Ϊˡ
ҲΪδ˵ɳϪѰķºԭ
ΪǱߵŮڴĻͨʹӻ޳С
Ȼ˻ʹ򵥴ֱĽ⡣
ܵ˵ɳϪѰķŵµȷΪ棬δ͸¶ԼɳϪѰǲǾǴ°Ǩ
ЩȻҲǲöʣȻɳϪѰδҲû˳ѯʹȥ
¸ǰѧԺѧԱҲɳϪѰĹϵĻ֪ȻʵҲֻΪй¼ţԲŻῴȥӰ֦
ʵҪ˵ĻɳϪѰһƢãҲܺദˡ
˵ƽ￴ȥЩĬԣԯеһƴȴ᲻καϢǾʮͣҲֵء
ϾʵҲǲСģԵ۶˴δЦϵϢȥͷ·ǻһ
ʷŵϣԵñһζ
Է¸Ҳ΢ЦɳϪѰͷʾ⣬ô˱ʾ
ξǴֵشڣȻͳɳϪѰıӰɳͰ˵µǸĽڴھܹһĻ𻨣
ξֵĻɳϪѰıӰƺӲһ¡
Ҳֻͣһ˲֮ͼǰȥͷҲûлء
Եķ¸ȴһЩ̿ҲֻεЦҡҡͷ
Ǳ߾ûôСվ̨ϡ
ɳϪѰȻԼ¶һʮº͵Цݣȥͺڵȴʲôѡ
ǰּˣӳǩǸʱʼҾһֱڵȴһ̡Ҳҿһǵڶϳģǰᡣ
ĻɳϪѰ΢˹̧ۿһ۶ֿ֮ʮȻתߡ
΢΢ͷ³һ䣬̨˶ЩĥĻ
ô㻹Ƿֺδ䡣ڴδı״νֵǰڴŴǰͯ飿
һζĻ˵ڣǸЦеӡ
ֻҶ֪ľѾòһˡ
ԭɳϪѰϵڸǣż֮ͬΪҲµˡ
ֻշת࣬Ϊиָԭ˵۶Ϊ˵۶һӡ
ǶȴԶǵּҵֳԽյһսѾڴѾˡ
ǰǷǵʱ˵ҵʽʮ䣿ȥҲǰľпǰʽ˿δ䣬ֻܷҰ£
⻰˵еζͺܶˣƺɳϪѰԷѲԼĶ֡
ַ·ڻŴǰŶԷʲô
ɳϪѰĿתҲֻ˫ͫû˵Щʲô
˱ۣʱһƬƺ֮ǰѾֵ
ȥ¾͹ȥɣȥʲôôڶȥȫͬˣǺ͹ȥ֮յĽȴҲûжۡһֽĽΡ
ɳϪѰĻЦ޷ŴƺԼڴѾõĴ𰸡
ֱӹ˹֣ɳϪѰȥʮǫ˵Ȼ˵ĻǾ͹ˣǰɣ
Ļһ䣬ȻȻغվԭӦվλãⳡһ
ɳϪѰһȴȻͬվԭ
ȷ˵ȴδóԼͷ·ڸ˭ַ·ڸԷʾ
̧ͷһۣͬҲûóκֻǾ۾Ľơ
Ҽǵǰ˵ָʽȫֻǱˣҪǻعȻϾûкԼΪһ֮ǰκʽûģһʼġ
һ߶ţһ߽Ѿۺ˵ֱվһɳϪѰͶȥ
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472 ֻ֪

һͨʽվɳϪѰȴʼձԭƣһ
һλ˶ˣԭǸĶŵӣľɳϪѰͦһԼʽ֮ǰóԼԼԴǡ
ȻԼʽۿžҪ˶Էϣȴһ
Ҫ֪Ȼûɱ֣õȴС
ĴϵĻ˵жۣǻֱʧⳡ
һɻС˺ģⲢǶԸ
ܿ죬ʽ͵ɳϪѰǰٲĻ¾ˡ
¶Щ񣬿ʹȥȴǺջġ
ھ˼ȴҲûֻĿԭһӵҲĵˡ
΢ŴǾЩҪĺܣȴЩ֪Ǻãǲ֪οһ
ѾٿȥΪһֱţĴɳϪѰϵĻڳ˶룬Ƿݡ
е˵һɴֱӽ۾ˣͷ·ǲҪܽѪһĻһ
ʱµĴʦҲǸʼһֱµڹϯϣ۾һգգĶɳϪѰ
ǻһ˿صЦݣͷ·ڰмƽʲô
ַ·ǽһеĽѾˣҶָһȫɳϪѰܵκε˺ż˿ڱصá
˾ʱɳϪѰ۾ûգֻǰһɵĶ˹ȥ
ٶȼֱȷ绹죬ҪȻôܶùѾǰʽ
ûĲˣ˵ĸǾﲻѣͷ·ǺŸղŵһĻһ
ûɣٶô죬ⷴӦˣξʮֿŵ˵ţĴȣͷ·ǶԴʮһ
ʵһ仰ҲǿЦҪ֪ҲԼķӦʮֿ죬ƽʱĶҲݣ龰ȴҲδܹô̵ʱ֮ڷӦ
˵ɳϪѰķӦ죬Ҫӯࡣ
һ仰ҲֻΪ˶ԷĶԹԾհˡ
Եķ¸Ҳƽգ۾ûգһ£ƺͬµĵʦһԤϵ˽
Ȼϯλȥһ۾ܹǸµӡ
ʱ˿ϵЦݸ⣬в֪Ķһȣʱš
Цȴζסͬһʡ
¸轫һжɵõɳϪѰʲôӵġ
ǷɳϪѰʲôĹϵҲѿֳǾԸɳϪѰʲôˡ
Ȼ巢ʲô˻˽⣬˸ղŵһ飬˾Ͷܹµţ¸ȻҲ⡣
ԭǣѾ˻һοɳϪѰɶĴʯͷ˵أҲɵõ˿
Ҳ֪ʱ˿ӦѹǸøˡ
˵ǶԷû˶ܵ˺ѹһֶĴˡ
ΪöԷһξԻʹȴûУֻһɵĶ˹ȥ
˵ʽܸǶȴԵòġ
ҲѾǺڵʵҪͬҪࡣ
ȻͲ󣬵ǷŵɳϪѰʵҲ˶٣ɳϪѰҲֻǱһЩˡ
ĽеĵĻȻžֱӳڶС
ȻѣҲɳϪѰͷʾ⣬ֱͬһɳϪѰų˵ڶС
ɳϪѰһ編ƣûκηʩֻɵ˶һһεĹ
˵ڶεΣΡ
ɳϪѰʼղδκλľٶֻ·ڽһģһֱڶ㡣
Խҳһαһο죬̨µ˶Щۡ
˵Ϊȥ͸࣬ΪɳϪѰƺͷӦʵ̫ݣòԱҲ׽ҲûɳϪѰԸ
һֱĻȻ֪˵Ҳ֪ɳϪѰվһ
⵽Ƿ룬ǾͲö֪ˣһʼʱûӮ
һֱȴҲû˻۶˶Щ
֪ջⳡҲûκ˸˵Щ
ڹʮ֮ɳϪѰͬһֻһȥѵˮһĽŲվ˺֮⣬ⳡĽ
-

473 ܻصǰ

еʱʱڳƺûܷӦôһ£ɻнⳡ
ⳡ䲻ϲǼٵģҵĸĻǳɡ
ΪҲ֪ɳϪѰǱʲô̬ķʽ˱
ĳֵĻδػֱ
ȴûκһ˵Լĵɻ󣬸û˻ֱ˵ĵԼ롣
ջһͬһʮ־ʵıһ㣬
֮УɳϪѰͷҲصת̨һ仰û˵
ƤӶ̧һ£ûиǸһֱӰ仰Ͱ
糱֮УʼվԭȥıӰӰʮͦεģͷ·ڶôʼվļ֮һ
ϸӰ뿪˵Ļһټ˵ٲ׽ֲ֪ʲôʱˡ
ԶɳϪѰЩͷ·ǸԼһԼ
տϾҪߵ̨£ڻ̲סǰ󺰳
ܻصǰ𣡡
Ǽ򵥵߸֣ɳϪѰͣס˽Ų
վԭأûκα飬κεȴվ
վĶеǰ˼ȴ͵ɲͣһξ롣
ͷ·Զ޷Խĺ蹵ֺеŲǰǾͯе顣
硭ܻصǰ𣿡
նʳһ仰ЩԵЩųĻ̽̽ŶԷ⡣
Щʱ⣬ܻܲصȥ飬ҲûаջڶԷ˼
κɳϪѰ˼Сĥ͸һҲˡ
äĿѯʳЩĶԷΪԼ˾ٲ
ȻڶЩڴĿУɳϪѰûеͷҲûҡͷ
ھܹľߣתӣعͷֱһζ۾
ǰˣͷ·Χһжʧˡ
ֻص˴ǰԺǿ÷£һ紵һƬʺҶӣϯ
ֻһζĿˣĿȴִһ˿Ц⣬öʲô
˵ɳϪѰֻǿһۣȴЩһζ
ȻȥתҲûκʱ򣬶Ѿеζ
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еװ̨µԶҲġ
µʼڹۿ˸ղһĻĿ⣬ζ
ͺǴһЩοοӺζҲֻ֪
˺ˣϽһɣС㶼ЩȲˣ
ɳϪѰոȴʼûгڸղŵǼУԺŵһֱֻԼ
ԼʲôʱϳܸԼһչʾĻᡣ
ȴһ˷ôʱ䣬ȴ·һƬеӡ
Щܣ޲ϾòԱһѡֱϳ
Ҫæקشҵ˼Ҫٳڸղŵ
ֻϧȻ˶ʣϾһиûκιϵ
ȴɾͷ·ҪѼϼһʼڴߴţǸ˶Щ
ǲԱҲֻΪ˳ڹ룬Աһ仰͵صһĻָǡ
Ǿ͸æͬ˵һ˽ҪУϾҪġ
ãڶµĶʤĳԱϳǷֱǵ۶⡣
Լϳȥʮֵ⣬̴Լλվ
˵Ӹտʼʱûͣʱʱ̵̿ĵȴԼϳںôҲҪװװӡ
ԵòҲ·ղŲͣߴŵǸ˲һ
ֻղŵıֻǱ˿ģԴҶΪҲ֪
ʵо˶֪Ǹʲôˡ
ֻԼ֪ΪеһԲûκθо
ܾǴҿഫҸоðɡ
ΪһζǧûлˣŻϳҲ˳ĵ˰
ҪϿʼԭΪҪıһչ֡
֮ǰֻǽһѣ˵ҲǳһСͷò˼ס
ȴò񫣬ҪиչʾԼĻᡣ
ǲһνֵܹ֮ʱ
-

474 ͻ

ֺĵ˾̨ʱѵȵ
ǵȴһִͬ
һɳϪѰϳΪһСϳʹΪԼ۸ˡ
⿴⸱ֺӣûж˵ʲôֻԼıӣ
ΪȷʵǾЩεģղŷ飬ôҪ۸ڶĴС澺Щβ
ϾʼʱҲûʲôһ뷨ֻǶԷԸԼӡ
ԼһЩεģ֪ճǲԸȥԷˡ
Ϊ˶ϲƨɣȻҲ⡣
һμԷûĴ㣬ҲٸԷкˡ
Ͼ˵ӦǰǣǶԷû˼
˫Ĭ˲ȥ飬ǺҲûʲôν
Ҳȷʵͬվ֮Ƥ̧һ¡
ûۿһۣӿȥˡ
ʵҲֻñΪԼߵĲʳ˼̻
ֻԼҲûΪ˷á
ֺҲԭģΪ̫ţ˹ԸΪʱȷ˼ͻơ
ҪȻĻҲվһֱڴһαƴ
ⳡʼ֮ǰ˳׼
ˣϵȥ˽˸顣
֪򹤵Ҳ֪һҪЩطԸ⡣
ĻԼŻӮøƯʱܹǰչ֣ⶼļƻ֮ڵġ
ʵ˵ȥͦ۵ģΪҲǵͣҲ˶ףɲһܹﵽġ
ά˹˳֮͸ԯͷ¸һټѾϳǷ˲٣Ǿ硣
ΪУҶ͵ܹھѾʮ˲ˡ
ο⿴ȥȷʵ۷ǳͷ·ǱȺͬ˻Ҫһ
ʵѾ˶ףѾǷͬĳɼˡ
ܹǰʮҲΪʵϡ
¸бǰ֪˵Щʲô
Ͼһ˫Ҳˮƽֻ࣬ά˹ƺ˽⡣
˽ֻ֮ǰһͬ¸ص֮ǰʮҹ
ʮҹҲǶ֮ˣҲûаҶֵܣǶȫ˽ġ
ȻԷ˽⣬¸Ҳö˵ʲôҲԹԵļۿ˱
ξһ˵ξѡ˳ĬϾǰά˹ԭһǽһЩ
ξҪͷһĻҪǷᱻά˹
Ǿ˲٣Ҳô˵ˡ
ҲǶףҲδؾͻⳡһҲʮʮĵġ
˲Զ˵ţʵҲҪԼôԲ
Ͼô˵ҲԼãԿڱ̸ú˵Ƿǣ׸Ȼǲܲܵġ
Ļ˾˳Ĭ
ҲΪǾжΣҲֻǵΪýӲˣ
˾ڴ˽ĿתƵ̨ϡ
۰Ͱ͵ĵȴŵʱ̨ϵĶѾʼ
ֻһ֮˾;ȵط֣û뵽ȥô򵥡
ΪǶ׶϶׵Ļ˭ʤ˭ӮһܻҪɵġ
ǵ֮󣬴ҾͷѾǶˣһʤҪ
ѾĽ𣿡ξһЩȵͣȻҲǾЩš
˵̫Ըȥ˽ⷽ飬Ǿ֪Ҳ˵˵ǰֻǶڶѡ
ΪȴͻȻ֮ı˶Ľף˶û뵽ģҲЩš
ϾٶҲ˵Ǳ̬ˣðʱһСûͻƵ˵ֱǱȵ컹ѡ
û뵽Ҳõ
Ȼˣǲ֪ȻЩġ
ҪȻĻƾ֣ǾԲڰֱ֮ͻĽ׵ġ
ûĻȻҲǲܸ¸һ̸¡
ҲǿԼָͨ緽ʽԼ
ܹʱӮ¸裬ӮʮƯ
ھ֮࣬Ҳ׷׽ĿͶںŵͷ·ѯΪʲôѾͻƵ˶ĽףȴӲ͸¶
ղŻ˵ԼǶ׵飬һͱ˶Ľף˵Ӧ֪˲Ŷԡ
-

475 ͻ

ͶĿ⣬ֻʼ磬εЦЦҲûж˵ʲô
Ǵʱ˿ΪܵģҪ˵վھ̨ϵˡ
̨ܸµĿⶼԼϣҲ֪ĿĽ㡣
ԼˣЩСֶζûа׷ѣҲԼôʱ䵽ﶷĽˡ
ԼĶΪԼߣԵľ̾û˶еż
ͷ·ӮҪһʵҲñȽϿܹߵһҲѾǷǳˡ
ʵܹߵͻȻⳡĻҲżεĳɷ֡
Ҳⳡ֮УܹԼŬġ
ԾˣҲźö
Ϊôߵһ˱ԼǿĶ֣ΪζȲġ
οԽһС׼ܹȶԷһأԼʵǾԴ򲻹ģɼĽʲô⿴һ㡣
ҲԼøһ㣬տʼͷ·Ѿ̫ϣϣ
ϾҲֱܹԷӱĻΪ˳ЦЦ
ǾԲΪҪΪ½ЦģĿҲּᶨһЩ
ɫҲ˾۵ףһĻ˶ɵõҡͷ̾
ϾǶֹ۵ѧԱѾˣֱֵܹôõ̬Ѿʵס
˵˱Ѿǰ϶顣
⻹ǷǳֵñȥעΪⳡеϧġ
ôҲȷʵеϧˡϾҲֻһѣܹߵһѾʵˡҿƺҲûзϣ־ֵȥѧϰġ
ѧԺĴʦɵõһźӣһߵͷ̾
Գ˵δܽȥɲΪ˶٣ԳΪ
Կ飬̬ҲӵֹۻһЩ
֪ǵһ·ʵΪףԲۡ
̨ϵһһеؽž
ѾռϷ磬Ǿͷ·Ϊ˳ͷһ̨ϵĶҲ⵱֮һŪ
Ϊ׾ٵصõȴ·ʲô顣
ûмӿٶȽһߺ򶷵Ĺ֮Уһӵתڼƻʲôһ
˵Ϊȥ󣬿ͷ·Ǹһӡ
ΪԽ棬ȼС޷Խĺ蹵
Լûжʲô˼һһµĻػȴʼǾЩƣռ·ˡ
ļԷУʼչ۲ŶԷĶ򣬽һж۵ס
ȻŴȴЩ֣ΪԼΪڶԷ֮ϣȫûбҪóԼ޸ǲıģȻȻҲͲټƽЩʲô
ƺҲûҪóԼ޵˼ѲҪֱӱԼȫԼ޸һ
ԴǾһЩģΪԼıٻ˵ĻԼܹӮԼޣӵ֪ҾԲⳡ
ǰĻܹעĿһЩķֶֺΪأ
ţִ̽ĿŴʱ˿棬Ŭŵѯ
⣬ôԼޣǲƲҡĲԼ޵ĻϾҪⳡˡû꣬Ҫ˲ǡ
Լ⵹ûʲôֻǵش
Ϊ֮ǰ򶷵ԭϢƬ̣ǾЩ۵ġ
ȻѯˣҲֱܹӻѡ񲻻ش
ֻ΢΢һЦ͸𰸡
ǰҲ֪Ϊһأⳡ۴ڵǴҵΪ㶼Ӯ˵ġԾҰҵԼٻ㲫ҲһܹӮòⳡȻ˵ĻΪνٻΪҶأ
⻰һ㶣ȫûΪ˲ԼԼΪˣ˵ǾԼΪһ٣Ųȥ顣
ֻҲֻǶݵѣ֪ĻһʼʱͲôЩ飬
ɫƬ̵һ£ָֻܿ
Ȼ˵Ļɶѡ񣬽֣ɱҲʱҲҪҲǡ
˵ţʱֽԼĶһ
ⷢҵĹƣһ֪һĲٲҴˡ
-

476 ü

Ȼԥ
˵Щ֣ȴҲǺģڼ֮ڱ׾ٵӮ˱
µĹһƬȻеȻ֮ǰΪʾһȴֲò
ǲ֪󵽵ʲôΪ֪飬ûп档
Կ׾ٵڼ֮Ӯ˱ʱͼ
׷ΪĺܣԸɴ඼վΪơ
۶ȻţССܹﶷĽҲͰˣǸŮӣɼǰ;
ǰǼʵƯĺܣӾͺ֮ǰһʵжǿ
̨µߴߴмﶼ䵽Ķ
һǳ׵İˣȴû˶Ļ䡣
Ϊ֪ǰ̭ÿһֱ˱ˣԺҲû˻ᡣ
οᣬ򲻹ԼΪҪߵˣҲʲô顣
̹ܿȻˣҴӵûмƽϸղԼ飬ų̂¹ǵĺ
ϾЩҲûʲô̫ĹϵҶԵĿʵȴҲûб˼
ΪǿóʵҲǿȫûбҪʱΪкڡ
Ȼֻпķݣûбķݡ
Ҫ˵ʱ˿ΪľҪˣһԼһսҲǽӶӮ˸飬˵üˡ
Ȼ˵ĻʼĿľѾﵽһ룬ΨһĿľ÷¸趪ˡ
һս룬Ҳһֱڼƽŵ顣
ڵԼϳҲȵһᣬȻǱο
ԸҲûиʲôǫֺֻ̂ͬҶ֪һĴ֡
˵˸ղһ򶷣Ըӵġ
˵Ϊȷʵ˾һЩΣͱ˵¸ǶͲˡ
⸱ֺӣξˣ̲סһ
ͬά˹ǵߣҲû˵Щʲô
ֻƫͷȥٿǱߵķҲȥǽھʲô
˾̨֮ҲȲӮֱӱıյԼλãӾͺҪԼͬǱһԼĵϲһ
ʵһʲôͬ飬ǻȥˣͬҲôġ
ȥҵȻά˹Ϊôά˹δ
ά˹ʮģά˹Լûжĸ飬ͷ·Ǵûע⵽һһĵĲά˹ߡ
һ³֮Щһά˹£ȻЦݶά˹˵ôά˹һұֵĲɣǲرΪҶе
ά˹ûж˵ʲôҲûʲôֻ̫ۣǵĿһۣվֹƽ
Ҳ֪ǲҪ˵ΪЩֶΡ
Ȼά˹⣬ȴŵˡ
ǼصԼλãԭλϣֵĸʦ
һŮܹĹѾʮ˲ˣû뵽СŮӾȻܹӮǵ⡣˲õ飬ССܹͻƶĽףǶҪͽģ
ǰʦҲ൱ġ̵ܹһΪߵŮӣǿܹһӵ飬οĹİӮ˶֣Ǻŵģ
⻰һֲ䵽ʦĶʱҲü
Ҫ֪ʹ֮ǰΪһŬûа׷ѣҪȻĻ鱻ͱ˳ȥԴҲ⣬ԼҲҲܲĸ߹ʱˡ
ԼλϣܹԶԼһЩĻ
ڸ˼ԼģʦҲԵøӡ
ԽԽ̲סű˿ʼԶԷĽԼ
Ҿʦ⺢ӴСȱľŬ츳ְԲһ·ߵ˽죬Ҷְ֧
˵֮ʦҲЦȫûΪԼ˵Ļ졣
Ҫ˵ŬĻ˵һ·ƾ
ȴδ࣬վλãһЩֶΣҪҲĻᡣ
鰴˵ӦΪݵġ
ǵǰһжԺ֮󣬷Ǹޱȣݹ
-

477 ۷׷

һѧԱϣڴǶ˾˭ʤһġ
ⳡ֮ȴŰֱӽˣǸӽ˰ȻĽ׶Ρ
Ϊ˲ֱ̭Ҫһ֣Ҳǡɸ˸ղṷ̋һλᡣ
ΪԯڵһֵʱֱȨ˵ԭԵڶȨ룬ʣ¾Ÿμӽı
ӮǾʹֱӽ˾
ˣǳ׵ı̭ˡ
Ҳһǰ̭ˡ
̨ǩ¸û֮ǰˡ
鵽ѧԺһˣ֮ǰǳͬѧԺ˶ԾıлʤǱȽǿġ
ʵҪǿ࣬Ƕʮף
һα֮УսѧԱȴʮֺãֱӳ鵽ֿգҲ˵һֱӽ˾
˵˶Դ˾ЩƽȴҲòȷʵǺá
еʱҲʵһ֣Ҳû˶˵ʲôڱ
ֻ÷¸ȴԽԽˣϾ֮ǰչֳʵҲֻǺںڵΪ
˶ʮף˶δػӮڱ۷׷ס
֪¸ֻڹԼʵˡ
뱩¶˸ʮʮĻԺԼ
Ҫ˵۶ķ¸ҲδǿȥΪҲֻкڶѣܹվֻˣǵ۶ǸŮأοǸԯС֮ǰֵʮ㣬Ϊѵϵ򶷣һ֡ڳֳ֮鵽һֿգֱʵ͡
Խ˵Խ
տʼʱСֹǵԽ˵Խ󣬼ð᳡˶ˡ
ԲԶĵ۶ѧԺҲЩ˶
⣬öԷڿԼڱͷ¸裬ǾͲɵõĶ࿴Ǹ۵˼ۡ
ֻ⣬۶ߵѧԱ¸轻á
ƽ￴ȥ˽ɳϪѰ¸Ĺϵǲɼ¸ĸжôǿ
һڱͷ¸裬ȻǿȥʱֱӳǸ۷׷׵˽
ξһȥ֮ġ
ƲˣǳԲ˵ᣡȲ¸צʱܵģ
ҶͺǶԵģҲǸ۷׷׵
ξֱӸԷǶҲ
ô˵ģ֪֪㳤һ죬֪ĻΪûһ˫ȣϲȥֻ˵һͨ
˵֮˦һͷǸټһۣͷ·ٿһ۾ҪԼ۾һı
ҶȻҲǸһһͣ˵ˣվ˵Ҳ֪ЩôģԼûڱ۱ˣδҲ̫һųˣ𣿡
ԯʼԭԭĿת͸ŷ¸ķĿҲû뿪̨ڳǩѾվȴķ¸衣
ȴһ̲ͣĳŸղ˷¸Ǹͷе
Ǹڲ֪γԶԵ£ñش˸ȴֲ֪ôһ¡
İǸ۷¸˸޻˵֮һִͷ̨ϵķ¸ֱӼ
˼ԲڳŸղ۷¸Ǹơ
¸ͣǵܾ
ԣ¸裬㣡ξҲ̳Ը͡
۶ߵҲڸ̨ϵķ¸ʹʵҲȷһޡ
ΪǶȺ˶Է¸ʵ۷׷׵һеʮֲ
ǶǼʶ¸ʵģҲԷ¸лٵ˽⡣
ټ֮ǰЩ꣬Ȼǿ߱Լѣʱһһ
Ҫ˵ɫÿģҲֻʣˡ
油ѧԱѾˣ˵˶ûʸġ
˵ҲˣϾϳĻᣬҲǴ油ԱתǾ;Լü
鵹ǾԼʼûϳĻᣬһʮֶ˲˵ֳҲ֮ǰıϣؼǳ׵ˡ
һв죬ڿ˴Ҷ¸ĹϵãֶʹǶ˵ɫԵһЩ
Ҳҿ۶ҲûעҪɫ»Ҫ롣
ֻûпȴûп
-

478 Ĳ֪

ֱά˹ֱǡɾ顣
һʹֱֳС齻һԼ뷨
ֻȫûע⵽ղѿɫС賿ѧԺ˿ж㡣
ɾ֮ǰײ¸ȥɽʱʱ̿ŻǸˡ
ҵʱǵһЦƺʲôıҪڱչˡ
飬ҿɫҲãǲҲΪ¸еʮֲˬҸҲһģ£ڹؼʱ¸һѵ͸ɴҸٸµҩ
Ϊȫ֪ǧѾ֪ˣе飬ԻΪԼķһʧΪֹû˲壬û֪ԼЩʲô
ȴ˴ССķԶִ
ΪҲӦ֪Ǿһֱδ͡
ȴҪķӣǾ͸Ͻھܾ
˵Ҳ÷¸Եͷ뷨Ҳʮȫʮġ˵ĻǾǳ׵군ˣʱ϶ᱻ֮ǰò׽Щֱ߽Ĺˡ
һ鲻ԸԼΪԥûԼĵ
ǾͰвطһۣȴûз飬ǼƻԼһ˵ĻӦζ֡
ΪǾԲ׾ٵķŹֽܹѵ¸Ļģʹһû˰Ҳûκܹ֮ˡ
ȴúõĽѵ¸һΪھ֮ǿ˷¸;òˬ
ҲССĳһͷȴɼŷ¸ôάǾ͸ҪúõĽѵһˡ
ղЩ賿ѧԺҲǱߵѧԱ͵͵ʱһЩƬΡ
˵ûܹõ֤ݣҥֶҪ֤ݣǲҪһЩȥ֤ʲô
ж˼ƽϣȥ֮󵽵ӦôҲһ
һγǩ֮Ȼûм½Уǽ˶ݵİϢ
ڼ׼ʵʩԼĶּƻʱ¸ҩ
֪¸˶˾裬Ͼ鵽ҩ˵ǾǷ¸輸ˡ
ǶĺܣȻǲٴС
ֻһȥ賿ѧԺҩֶ̹ʱһα賿ѧԺ˿
һ賿ѧԺҲȥǷҪֱӶֳɹǴֱӽҥɢȥ
ϾһѾõʧʱ֤ݵģȫûбҪټȴ
֮ǰǵˣҲǺúõʳɣ˵ֻǵһڰˣƲˣһҲԼȡȫǵ£ľͲҪˣ
ǵڶ죬˵۶ڲֶͣεӣԼ˶ܹµȥֵԡ
ʵҲΪǼѧԱԼⷽ˵֮ͬ󣬿ʼ䳰ȷֵøһЩ
ΪֵԽͻõ۶ˡ
߻ţΪԼҷ¸ҩȴҲɹʱڰ籩ѱ
ΪԽԽԵ۶Ҳš
ʦǶֱҵĸˣ㽫˵
ʵĿľΪѹһҥԡ
ĹʦǾۼһʱȺɢҥԵѧԱҲ˴˴ҽǰ˵˳
۶ļλʦôڻΪ飬Ѳ˵κδ𣿷ѧԺ¸ͷﲻˬŶҩӵֶζóǻʲôֶģѵǵ۶ΪҲˣǻֱ׳Ҫǵ鷳𣿡
һʱĵ۶ѧԱʦ޻˵Ϊ˵û
һεҲ˽ȥȷġ
ֻûȥ֤ҲǸֲˡ
鳶ھöֵͬʱȴֲ֪Ǻá
ΪԷ˵ĻǾԲġ
һǵЩˡ
ΪĻǰѻŵĹ֮ĻǾȫǵ۶ˡ
ˣûκηأͷǳһưͿһ
ʦ⣬ʦ϶ʮѿ
Ϊ˵ǲƵˣȴ۶ǾҲǣУԲЩ
ǾСЩִ֪硣
-

479 ǲص۶

ؼһʦҪƫ̻ȴûκεİ취ˡ
ΪһֵúֻܴǵϴһܹڲĻȥǧ˼빤ȻһθԵĻᡣ
һֵʮֵĴ󣬾Ȼ˵۶档
չȥĻǾʦҲ޿κΣȫܹΪͼƫ̻
ȻпܼͬһΪʸ֮ġ
ȻʦлʮֵԼͽܵģҲֻǺãȴֹܹʦŭ
ѧԺʦڶΪŭգеļҲ֪һεԸǾСЩʶ̨档
Ǿ뿪ǰֱ֮Ժӡ
ҳʦڽԺ֮󣬺سԺڴ󺰡
һϾʹԺ˳
󿴵ʦһŭĿԼЩ⣬ΪϢҲʮͨ
ȻֵúܴҲ賿ѧԺ֮۷׷ס
ȴζԷ¸ҩβά˹ȻҲû˼ȥעЩ飬ȫ֪ʲô
ʦ⸱ӣЩ޹ѯ
ʦôˣʲô𣿡
㻹˵ʦһӾʹĻ
ļλʦҲиɫĿһվһԵġ
ȴٳٲʦԭʦҲˣֻʱ˿վԺ⣬ƺǲ
ΪڻûҽΪѣ֮ǰȻҪġ
ԾҪƫ̻ʱȴȫܹվֱӰ˵ˡ
ǾֻվĬĬʦҪ˵ʲô̫صĻȻ֪ᶪ˵ʲô̶ȡ
֮ǰò׸ԼһЩӣȫˡ
ʦЩ֪˵Щʲôãнȴ벻˵ǾֻĬĬļڰˡ
ʦ޹ӣһ
ֵ÷ˮ𣬿ƫƫͷ·ǴŮһȫ֪ʲô
ʦһһȭ޻ϵĸоҲǲˬ
Ͼڵ۶Ѿˣʱ˿̿ȥҲҪٸκεء
㱳ͬѧԺҩ黹Ϊǲ֪ҲҿûгɹҪȻĻ׻ʲô黹δ֪ʱֹȫ£½㶼Ҫˣ
ͬԺӵļѧԺ꼶˶׷׳վԺ⻹һЩ賿ѧԺ֡
¸ɳϪѰǵԺ˵ٳûж֮Ҳ֪ʲô
ȻȥӵĶˣӵʦȴȫûͣ˼
Ϊ֪һԼٲйԼеŭһλᱻòᡣ
ʱиһѵĻһʲôֵҲ˵
ҲҪϵġ
ҡȫû뵽һȻ¶֮졣
һηûгɹһ뵽֮ǰԶǧЩ飬һͨʦĻ˵ڣΪ֮ǰҲ֪ˡ
֧֧˵ȻҲûԼ⡣
οΧߵʵ̫ˣĽˣҲ⿴ֵġ
͸һЩĻԵһС
δ룬˵Ȼʦ͸ӵˡ
ƽһȽ͵ˣʦһѧԺģԶԱԺѧҪӵϸһЩ
ֵôѧԺʦûа취ֱӳѵ
ǱϾôⶼǹϵ۶ģԼȻ޷˵ĻǾֻˡ
ʵҲֻеˣϾһȷʵЩϲ̨棬ҲһЩˡ
ôҲܹԼͬѧԺְɣʦĶ
ʦѾ侲һʼŭ⡣
ǲ֪ڸĵĻһֱӽǲͻص۶Ҫһ鷳֪óΪ֮úú룡
ʱ˿ҧ´Ͳһ滨ˡ
ʱֲҪ޳˵Ǿ޳װҲȫ޲
Ϊȷòԣûʲôίĳɷڡ
ֻΪ˴ﵽԼĿģֶΰˡ
ȴȫûʶ
-

480 ά

ʦϸ֮󣬻Ǿ¶Ӱ첢
ȳԲǴӣһԺʲô۶ӣǿɾͲðˡ
ڵ۶ͶˣһǻܹõĹеĵһĻǾͻӵĳΪеų
һ۶Ӱ죬ǲò
ʦ뵽֮󣬾ֱӲ
ҲҪ˵̫磬ڲͳȥȥ֮ҲԺ飡ʱʲôĴ֣ҲֻԼˡʱҲ²飬ɶȡ
ʱʦڰһʱ̲סˡ
֪ĺٲȥĻͲ֪䵽ʲôĵز
˵˵һҪܱԱƽʮֿһΪ̵ˡ
ʱվȥĻ󣬻ȥ֮Ҳҽ
ɴʹ˽ԲǿΪ绤
ӣҲҪȫҲҵһڣûд⺢ӡϸ룬ֻһ油ѧԱò굽λãԾҪЩӵֶԸѧԱҲ֮е顣ֻСԣټŮӼҼûô࣬ͲҪôƽ˰ɡǲҪǴǣ»СС»ˡ
ʦһͷ·һŪ޻˵
Ȼжߣȴֲܷӣ¶ѡ˳Ĭȴֲ֪Ӧμ˵
ʦⷬǿб⣬Ѳ˶Ҫԭ
ǿʶ飬ȴûκһֱܹӰĻ˵
ΪôҶҪʦֱġ
Ҳδ̫ڲƽһЩ˻ҪһЩͷ
ǽž˵Щʲôʦǿл
Լʦƫ̻ʼ޼ɵ
ԭҪֲᣬǵĺܡ
˵ɱֵʮίﶼֿ˻֪Լƫֿ̻ʼ޿
ʦһĻ˵Ҳ˵ЩʲôټȥĻǲʦκӡ
¹ǵ棬Ȼټȥ
ʦȴֲľֱӷŹϾʵֵ̫ˡ
ԷһɫĻԺ󻹲֪ʲô⻹£ǾͲֵĶ
Ǳʦ㣬ҪȻĻӱߴġҲҪ̫ңڴʲô۶ӣ˵۶Ļʱ;Բˣ
˵֮ʦͷҲص뿪ѧԺļʦҲ뿪ˡ
Ҳǲ֮ʦɹ
ڶʱ֮ڶԵ۶ɵӰ컹ʮصģڶʱ֮ڣ۶Ϊ̧ͷ
һе׶ֻѣȻ˶ң⣬úܶ˶Ϊ˶ޡ
رļλʦ̲סڱֹ飬ȴֱ
Ψһǳǵڶı¸边ȻսʤǸʮס
Ȼ󲨣ͬƲ¸ЩҲķڷΪǵ۶沵һ̡
¸ɹܾΪǵ۶һ˶Ϊ˶еϲ֮ǰҲ΢嵭һЩ
Ҳʦţһθ¸ҩɹ˵Ļǵ۶Ͳܹսʤʮˡ
ԵҲ֪ӦǱϲֻ˵һǰһǱΪ˵ѧԱ򵥣ղһ档
Ǿ֮˶еȴҲΪ˶йע
ʵõ˷Ϊıһʤˡ
Ҳ˵һγ䶨֮󣬵۶һǷ¸裬һ˶Ե
ģһǸһҩһǱҩˣǶ˶˾ʱȻ

˶ڴܹܾһϸ£ĻҲֳܹ˭ʤ˭
˵ҶǵʵĿã˾˭ܹʤһ
˵ʵ˷ŵһӰĲһĴ
ֵôĿŵ˶ܾ˫֪ȡ
ԴпõģҲвõģ׷׶ܾжע˵Ķ
ҲڴųǩʱܹǶ˳һĻкϷˡ
ֻļѧԺˣ۶ѧԺ˶Դ˶ղؾ˻ǲҪײһĺá
-

481 ٴֿ

ԯ˵һ¸ķֵһô죿
ξǶһ̨ͬǩɵõЩĵԵԯѯ顣
ƺҲֻܸԯ˵Ϊԯ¸Ĺϵ˿ǷǳĺõģξԼ飬ԯҲһᵣġ
˵Ҳ϶ᵣķ¸£Ƿ¸ȻҪԯϵһЩξѡԯѯʡ
û뵽ǣԯƺξЩʲôֻ߿һۣüͷ·ǲ˵Ļһ
ַ֮ɿתĿ⣬ĿͶ̨ϵķ¸裬ʼչ۲ŷ¸Ķ
⸱ӣξЩͷˣֹţѲͲķ¸
ôģξҲֱڿ죬Ըɴֱ˳
ԯʲôӦҵ˼ǣѲͰ㲻¸ǶҪһ𣬱Ͳͣοͣ¸鷳ʱ򡭡
㵣ʲôԯֱӴξĻѲøǸŮ𣿡
һ仰ξʱƿԣ˲ʲô˵ˡ
ԯ˵ҲԣǸͣҪ¸鷳ĻҲһֱܹ˺¸裬Է¸ǾԲԼԿġ
ôһʱĵù˵Ŀ»Ҫˡ
ֻʮ鷳ξЩķ¸Щô顣
Ҫʲô۶ӵĻȷʵʮͷۡ
οڹϣ¸ò׽ܾۿǰǿѾ˳
ƫƫҪʱҷ¸鷳ĻǾ͵ûа취ˡ
Ƿ¸ӦĹҲھ֮ǰţڷ¸˵Ҳһ¡
ξγǩǾһΪá
˵֪Ƕ˶ɹĻ˱Ȼһ飬ֲа
ϣϽҪ¸ǡ
̨Ͽȥһξʤǰܹˣ۶ˣʣѧԺֱһˡ
Ȼڰоֱӽά˹̭˵ӺǶ֮ǰź̭Ǻֳɹ˵⡣
۶͸˵ˣǡɾͷ¸ˡ
ҲΪδӸտʼʱξͲϣ˷䵽һԭ
ڳǩѾˣʱξ뷨ˡ
Ϊ¸貢ûиһ𣬶ǡɳֿա
̨µۼŷ¸ƮŰߵǩ˹ȥʱһ󾪺
ǰɣ۶з¸ֱ̫ˣ֮ǰͳһֿգһֿ֣յô
νʵһ֣˼ҵͰҲû취
̨ߴߴģ·ǾǳϷԡ
¸迴еİߣٿˣ֪Լһֿˡ
ϵǲûʲôȸԾɫȴ־ǷǳϰΪġ
Ͼ15ĸʵĻƺҲرС
ԾǳֿգҲûʲôֵϡġ
⿴˿Լдźߵǩٿ˿ԶͬŴźߵǩɫʱһס
Ϊж຦£ֻǲҪˡ
ĻĲģ֮ǰЩ䳰ȷΪпֱϵˡ
ҪٳΪһ飬ҲҪʹ졣
һ⣬Ǻûʲô̫
ǾԼ°ܽҲѹûаϡ
һܹɵӮñһھ÷¸ԵͷͿԳͷõһˡ
룬ΪֹֻԼʤ֮Ľˡ
Ķȫûע⵽ԴɳϪѰûнܾҲܹڴһ֮󣬶ʧȥȤ
һӺԾƺҲǺܹϵ顣
Ĵ鵽ǩ֮󣬾ûȥҶһܹó
֮ǰһֱɳϪѰĿǰΪֹǿʼŵĴʯͷ˵ء
õԼҪĴ֮󣬶;ҲرҪˡ
Ͳһ׷»ˣοĹÿ꼸ûʲô̫Ĺϵ
ŵҲرĳأԾôҲ˹
οµĵҲǸµӣȥʮֲദҵǵӡ
ʵһܹˣԸ뷨ˡ
֪һЩ飬֪ɳϪѰ֮Щ
ܹⶭ飬ڶҴܾܷбһҲǷǳľᡣ
-

482 һļ

ǩϣ鵽ߵѡڳϣѡֿԻصԼλˡ
ⱾͶر⣬û뵽һϳľԼиǷǳˡ
ǸһѵĻᣬҪȻ󻹲֪ᷢʲôЩⳡܹ
Ӯ˵ҲرҪˣֻҪԼܹľĴⳡͿˡ
ǵĴһֱСΪԾʱ˵۶ˣҲ̣ȻҲûʮִѹ
֮ǰһֱʮŬҲǳĸС
޳֮ͽĵκ뷨ʧӰˡ
Լǰ̻ܹⳡҲδػˡ
ҲҷᣬŬһЩͻ̨ڵȴԼ
ҰοԼ֮;úõⳡ
ҪڲԼκѹͬʱľɱ
ʵڲо͵վһûиĴײˣĻѹҲܹСһЩ
ÿһһվĶ棬ҲûκεıʾǸ۸˵ӡ
⿴⸱ӣͬҲû˸Էʺ顣
վԾҲǵһˣÿһⶼϰ˶Է⸱ӡ
ҲΪһʼʱͲϲԭں˲СӰ
ǾŮ̫۸ڶΪ߳ԼһصĻԼЩʽʵҲδػ
⵹Ҳûôֻ࣬ǾԼöԷЩԼֻΪҪҰοһ°ˡ
ĿǰΪֹ뷨ǸϽⳡ
Ϊʵǲභǿ˵̬ȾѾʮ˺ˡ
֮ǰǵʱ˵ĿǸ꼶ѧûн
һֵܹͨķʽ˾ʤǰ壬ѾΪ˴ҵĽˡ
Ҫ֪üĹǺ¼ûеùھԶ͵۶ڲͣľš
ǵѹҪ˵ĻҲҪ˵ĻҲûѹûʲô
˵ĺ㣬һп
˵Ĳһ㣬ʵҲǸûжֲࡣ
Ͼ벻նԾУǾͼûжˡ
ʸûнȥ̸Ķ֣
֮ǰǵʱڹгɳŵġ
ʼбԱ߿ܹһһĳɳ
ǽھϣһһεܴ졣
οŮ˵ʵͷ·һ㣬˵òΪȷʵȴһֵĸо
öԷʵȴֲܹ˵Щʲô
˵˵Ļ˾Լӱⳡ
ҪŬչֳԼúõĽⳡǵսһԲľž͹ˡ
ʵͦϲģѵǲǸǿ˰ɣ
ξ̨¿˰죬һָֻԼ°ͣƺһ˼˵š
ƫɰܰɣ㵱ȻˡֻͬĹ۵㣬ȷʵϰٱ
ѵһûԼֳߣһΪά˹λǰŵģξԡ
ôʱ䣬ǶҲʶ
Ͼͨڷ¸ԣͬһԺӣ˵ʼղʶҲǲܵġ
ټξǸ죬֪ʲôֵýʲô˲ֵýȻԸ¸˽ѡ
ϾǷ¸Ͽɵˣξŷ¸۹⣬һƷӦûǲһȥҲǳΪʶ
£ξ˵ĻŻᱻһ˹ȥҳԴȤ
ʵһҲûκιάĳɷ֣˵ͬҲʵ
Ҫ֪ӡҲرĺãеȥ֪һЩġ
˽֮ǰθͬҩĻ
ԭЩصģΪԼֳϵòãϾǸά
ԶϵɩӣҲҪһЩ
óԼֳδضҲôϲ
ټϺ֣ӡҲرĺá
Ϊ˺ԼֳţҲͰϡ
οξͬ뷨˶һЩֳܹˡ
ξһֱһļϣַϹ۵㵹ǳһ¡
Ҳ˾֣Ͼôȷʵͣʦһ⡣
-

483 ٴζս

ľʤУûлʺ򣬲Ҳһֻ۱һֻۣûж˵ʲô
Ͼ֮ǰҲֻǱϵһǱʶΪһҲûرĹ涨
οʱÿһÿһڲ˵ʮֹؼģŶѡ˵Ҳˡ
͸ӲҪȥˣҪʲôȥɡ
˵뷨ǳĿÿľеҲ޿ɺǵ顣
Ϊһԭ˶ʼսעŵ̨ϡ
˵֮ǰͿԴٴοǶͬվ̨ѾʧȥʼȤ
е˻Ƕеһ˱ʮʱĺۿģ֪ͬʮעĿġ
һǳţһ賿ѧԺġˮ𡱵ĻŮ
˶Ծ֮ǰʾȫͬˡ
˵ǰҲǳţȴ
Ҫ֪ǰûʲô֪ȵģ˵ڳССĳһͷҲֻΪȽϺãʤ˶ѣҪȻҲߵڡ
˵Ĺȱľǿߣ˵ʵҲرĳʡ
վ֮ǰ˵µĻǸʱ˻ûаġ
Ǻһϵе飬ҶƷ֪ɵõĿʼܹվǲˣһЩŹֵֶΡ
ϾԼͬҩ鶼ܹó鵽ܹܲóͿ֪ˡ
˵ЩǴҹע飬֮һϵֵöܴԴҶ˻ٵ˽⡣
ÿοǾ۾ҪǷʮֳڣʸվûС
ʸĻΪҪҩķʽԼ֣ͬ
Щǵ˼Χ֮ڣԲŶ˸Ĺע
ʵܹ˵վԭ򣬾Ϊӵ̨¹ǵĿ⡣
˵ͷ·Ǽһʮصѹһ
˵ȥЩĿûѹͷ·ֻ֮ʣԼԼĶڡ
Ļܹ֤ȫע״̬ؾҲĳ̬
һ·ܹƽ͵߹һ㣬һҪ
ͬڣǲΪ֡
һжֹˣ⻹ѡ̹Ȼԡ
һҲһҪһԾǳֵһȫľɺⳡˡ
Ҳֻһ뷨ϣܹ첢ĽⳡĻԼܹЩȥ
Լ峿˵鶼δһ¡
һθʮʵˡ
֮ǰֻһ򵥵ĵˣֲǸһ֣Զʽͽжһŵ˽⡣
Ϊ۹˵ӣΪȷʵѾԼµˡ
һ򵥴ֱĽⳡĻܹԼһ֪ȡ
ŻиΪԼǿԼһݺøУŵСžš
֮ǰҪϷŪ뷨ȻֻͬҪǰԼһ
Ϊô飬ԼŬάͷ·һǧһʮֵĲˬ
ȻҪڹǰֳԼǿǰ֮ǰǹȥ
ҪȻĻȥ֮ԼıУ鷳ǵʱԼļܻܲסԼҲ˵ġ
ϾԺʵҲһܹȵģԼļҲδֱܹ֮ӵĿ⡣
֮ǰҪԼһЩӵġ
ȻĲܹΪһЩӣҲΪԼһЩӵĻȴԼĻ֪ʲô
ãȻ˵ĻҾҪˡ
ȷԼĵ뷨֮;ԥȷˡ
ȲܶԷ뷨ʲôģȻҪսپⳡĻȻÿһжܹŹ
ԿûȳУûг֮ǰʹֱȳУҽǡ
ҵܹߵһҲʵķӦȻǷǳǿġ
ǳΪĿϣδػ
ҲܹܺͻһС
ȻۿϾҪϣԹٶȽһʱһͶ˹
Ƹɾģ͸ʱɳϪѰܶ׷ʱһģһй֮޲
-

484 Ѷ

УԼ˿գһЩġ
Ҫսپû뵽һԼĽȻûдɣû˵Էë
˵ֱӶߵĻԼҲӦӮúɲŶԡ
ջ߿ԼҲͿһۡ
ԲûôĽսֱһʱ䡣
һθһαҲûرĲͬһʱһЩԱĳɷ֡
Ͼǵһ֪ԷʵԼ߳һ׼Ǹʱ򼸺Ϳ˵ǶԼĽ
ȴһˣӮҪһġ
˵ȫܹκӰ죬ҲҪ³
ΪԼĹеһˣ⻹Ǿñϧġ
ǾʹʽҲܶͶ㣬ܶӲƴ
Ϊ˵ʵֻӲƴĻпܺܿͻ
ʼնȴܹ϶ԷãһԷԼȺľҲһԵˡ
ֻȻôģҲǴʮʮġ
е뷨һֱ֧ôԴҲҪľⳡ
ϾĿͷҴܷ¸衣
еʱҲܹһ֧ȫԸȥ
ĿǰΪֹûп¸Ǿ;ԲܹķͷǹԼ
ôģǾҪӮⳡŻи¸轻ֵĻᡣ
ʱúܲңĿġ
Ѿ֮ǰľ飬֪ΪʵԼ
ĻǸӵˡ
һûгɹҲֻʱˡ
ʼȥĻӮòⳡ
ֻõִˣҲܹıĽ
ܺãҵͽѾ״̬ˣ
ʦһ߸Լĺӣһ߿ȥʮĿŴʱ˿̨ƴȫ
֪Ұģȴֲȫ뷨Ϊ뿪ˣŻľɱ
Щ˵Ҳûʲô̫Ĳ
ôֻҪܹӮⳡҽһһǰߵĻܹµһʱҲԼҫ档
ˣԼʦҲմ˹⣬ʦŻⳡǳڴ
ֵҵǣ׻ûйڴʱʱġ
Ϊֽ˼غϣô˵ΪϻЩ࣬һÿ˶ܹ׼սġ
οԽԽ󣬽׼һСΣʵҪһεĽ׶ΣҪ׼ǲܵ飬Ҳܹ
ûҲǴѶ
Ѿˣһ䵽Ľűߣʶһʱ
ĽŻûصһ̣ʶԼǳ׵˱
Ϊʶһˣֱ˵˺֮⡣
οԼѾˣôȥҲӮԼ˵ȫûκε
Ȼĺصһ̣еҲʱ𣬱׽
۶ʤһ֡
֮ϾʹŵЦݡ
֮;ʮü˳Լʦά˹Ǳ˹ȥľʮֵĽ
ϾŪķǺܺãӮⳡĻ˵һ¡
˵֪ʲôȥǶ˵ĿǰΪֹĽѾõˡ
ȫû顣
Ӯ˱˵ľҪʦˡ
ӮǾ൱Ǹ˺ԼһĻᡣ
ֵ÷з賿ѧԺڳÿһ˶֪¡
ʦǵڳֹʦҹȻάģȻǱͬġ
ӮⳡϵķȻǻһЩģҲûôˣǶ˵һ¡
ͽӮⳡͺãʦܹùڣʦЦǰӭҳԶš
ԼʦǰȻҪװùһЩ
ԼʦùϵĻôֹؼʱ̶ԷܹάԼһĻأ
ǳʦͽǳ棬ԼʦǰԶǰһҺǻһ
ʦģԻڽıмŬΪԼļʦһͬģҲΪ˵۶δͬ룡
ЦӣʦҲ˲١
-

485 ڰ׶

ʵǹô˵ģ֮˵ĻȻҲԭġ
ĵ۶ѧԱʦǶԱ߻۶ѧԱǶеĻȻҪ˵ĺһЩ
˵ҪĿԼͷԼʦǰԼʦȻ޿ɺǵġ
ο˶Ź˵۶
ԼȻ֮ǰõ۶ˣƺҲϾҪܳͷ
ʱܹһǣ˵Ϊ۶ӣԲŬӮⳡ
Ļȥ֮ҲԼһ·
Ȼ˵һ֮󣬾Ϳŵ۶ѧԺ֮ǰԼʦǱ߿˹ȥ
ϵıȻ֪ͣԼĿǴˡ
¸赹ǶԴ˲̫⣬Ǳߵƺȫûбר־Ķ̨ϡ
Ϊղ˵һͬʱ̨ϵĲҲ
һڶҲǳ鵽ɫ˿ǩλѧԱϳ׼
鵽ɫ˿ǩĶˣѧԺӺµĶ
˶˻ǲʮʮȤġ
ӺͲ˵ˣȻܹά˹ҿȥ˵ʾʮַǷġ
ܹһ·߹˶лٵ˽⣬ȻǶⳡʮֺ档
Ҳ˵˵ĿǰΪֹû˽⵽ʵʵǾƾɳϪѰЩ𣬾÷¸˶Ȥˡ
ϾǸɳϪѰĹϵȴֶ鲻Ƿǳ˽⡣
ɳϪѰ˲Ը˵Ҳûлȥ˽ȥ
񿴵˶ϳֶսӺ
˵ֱһСţȻԸϸĦһ
¿еĿˣǿɳƽﶼһʲôӣһĿȴ͸¶һ澢
ξЦģֺصسŷ¸˵š
˵ɳϪѰǲԶ¸ԯǻһξڵģξΪɳϪѰ
κĻ䣬ԭԭȥޱ飬Ҳ͸¶ɳϪѰ΢εգգۡ
³һξܹĻ
Ҷˡ
仰ξʱӦôһ£Ȼڳһ𾪵ӡ
ͷ·ǲ֪ԷΪʲôܹԼĻһ
ʵĵСžţҲֻԼԼ˽ķ¸֪ˡ
ţΪʲôüǼȻҵĻ㶼ˣ㻹ԸԸǽǰ飿
ԭξĿģʵǲ֪ɳϪѰܹģϣܹɳϪѰǰĹ¡
Ҫ֪ɲһǿƽʱʱ˽⵽ĶܻǷǳĶġ
ȴʼûŪףԷǳܹĺġ
ҵ˻ᣬȻ뷽跨ҪɳϪѰ˽⵽顣
ķʽƺҲûʲôֵġ
ɳϪѰƢɷǳĺãȥҲûʲô
ξĻֻЦЦҲû˵Ӧֻһξ
רĿɣҪϳˡ˵֮Ҳûκαʾ
һж۵׵ķ¸ЦЦͲµ˽ӵġ
ɳϪѰԸ˵ĻҲһֱЩ
ܹóҶҪʣȴʼû˵ԾﰵҪ֪ĹȥҲǲ˵ġ
ξһ꣬ôѾǳˡ
ʵ˵û׿˵ǰ飬Ǵһ²ܹš
һɳϪѰ̬Ⱥͱ֣ξ;Ϊ˲һһԲŴԼĻ
ԼרĿģҲûжʣʹһ˿ѰζЦ̨Ͽȥ
ڽĿٴᵽ̨ϣΪһҲԻǷǳʵģԴ˶
̨ϵѾվˣһͬǣеĶǰ㲻ͱ˵ǻʺ
ãӺ
Ƕָ̡
ǰĺﵹǱ˱زٵġ
Ͼ˽Щ֮ûʲôԼľᣬȻǳƽҽܡ
žҪʼˣʱ򾺼ͻȻһ磬°һ˾͸˿ĸо
ΪǶվһʱһһۣһһ¡
һһվ󣬵ȴ˱ĸо
˸Ƕ޵ڴҲϣܹտǶ˶Ծĳ
Ǳȵ˻ҪȲĿűʼ
-

486 ֮ĶԾ

˶ޣΪϲҲرԡ
һ֮һС׼ʵЩһ㻹ǲһġ
Ƕ˶˺ںڣ¸ֳʵһġ
ֻ¸ܹѶʮ׶ˣǶ˵ʵǷʵҲ˵顣
ʵҲûôʶʵΪ֮ǰڳеʱֵҲرĳ˼ûаĿ⼯еϡ
ټ֮ǰڰжɳϪѰɳϪѰʼնܣûвκι
˼˵ûڶԾ˾͸ӶʵǺ˽ˡ
Ҳ֪Ҫ˵ҪлʱͻȻһ磬Ҫл˵ԸƷȷʵʮֲġ
֮յʮǢһ֮ЩεķΧ˵ѾǺ˲֪жٵġ
ҲˮˣԺܿ춼״̬ҿʼһֵĶ
ƣӺһʹά˹Ծʱûʹʽ
˲Ϊ֪δʶʽĺʲôĶԸҪСΪġ
ԭ̨Ͼ˷磬Ӻʹһк󣬳⣬˻ֳܵķƺһЩ
ѲӺȻܹٻ
Ǻ˲ˣҼûмܹٻȻԼġ޵߾磬ܹ͵ȷʮֲ׵ġ
ѧԺʦһУȥЩ
˵Ǽ˵̾ΪȷǺþûмʶܹԦȻˡ
һв˵ĿⶼȾ㽣ҲϣԼܹﵽĸ߶ȡ
ƺЩľȣûԼĶ־Ȼһܹﵽ˵ز˰ɡ
ܿϵľɫʧˣָ糣֮׼ֱӭս
ϾʼմҲǰ취ҪЩʲôֹĹǡ
ΪĿǰ˶ѣ֪ȴʲôء
֪ΪΣ˶ƺҲںĺҪһ
ԭҲֻ΢ǿһЩķ磬ʱЩǿˡ
˵ģҲ˵ʽûʲôԶѡһӰ졣
ӺȴɲɽȴŲһĹϵٻļȻǶԼ첻κӰ졣
ֻܹͶԷжʱԼһıˡ
ȻĶԵһЩȷʵǱ紵ģΪϵķҪΪǿһЩ
ҲҪǿԼ򾲣Ϊûбİ취Ըⳡ磬ֻӲͷƤӭսʱʹԼ
ǧɽ
֮ǰڱҲΪʹһУͶȥʮֺĿ⡣
ĿӺתƵ˶ϣһֵɫĹâΧסˡ
ԭЩĵĲȶˣһΣʱ֪ʲôӵġ
Ҳ˵ܹĿ֮Ҳܲɽ
Ӻ˵Ƕ˼СӰ죬û֮ǰȡ
ļСΪʽܹĸӰ죬һվܹʽбˡ
Ӻһ㶣û뵽ԷôķԸԼɼԷȷʵײԼĵϡ
ҲܹӺҪռϷ飬ܿɫҿʼ붭ʽ֡
ǧҪ顣Ӻһ˵ţһеٶŶȥ
֪Էݶʮֵǿȴû뵽оȻ֮졣
֮仹һľģ˵ҲǰȫԼղǲɽ
ǧɽҲܹ磬˲Ҳ
ԭվŵλóԾһ߶һι
ӺȤƺҵ˳ά˹⣬ڶܹȽĵĶ֡
ӽ˾֮УȻǵܹ֮ԼʽзӵأҲǺ˸еֵġ
ӺǷǳ̣ϾѧԱԼϼ˵˿ɵС
Ӻ͸ˣΪʱȽϣʱ򣬼ûʲôܹӲӲ
ȻҲһҲѧԺѧԱˡ
·ھһһεܹԼĶ֣Ӻ˵һ¡
ΪĻܹõĿԼʵȲԼǿʦսֲЩȲԼͬѧս
˵һʮֵԼȥĻˣҲϧ
-

487 ʾ

ҲûΪԼܹӺһе֣Ϊ飬Ǹ˶ܹùȥ
Ҳûпκεı仯ǱøһЩǾרĶԸǰıˡ
βӺУҲһȳ
ΪȷʽԶǶʹģⳡȻûмʤ
൱Ķ֣ҲҪ˶Էӡ
ΪĺĴҲǺܹܶ࣬Ķ֣ԴǶԶԷĲ𾴡
ԼŵЩⳡӺĶԴȻҲˡ
ܿʹԼʽ
ʽҲ˵֮УΪҲǸӺһƣȻػ˳ȥ
ʮʮҲ͸ӵϢˡ
ʼǰϵתԼĿ⣬ƺǺӺܷһУ˵˳ܡ
ΪҶ֪һζû飬ȸղӻʹҪǿʢһЩδؾǷǳ׶ùȥġ
ӺҲûôʧ˵һпȥƺͣҲһ˹ȥ
̨еֱӹƣվˡ
ΪȻûʹʲôʽǱȲɳϪѰ붭һɳϪѰܵĿݡ
Ҳʮ־ʵģ˵˵û˿˵ÿһδȥ㹻
Ǵ˶ԷܹʲôЧĿ֪
ÿһֶԷˣ˵ʮϷԵģҲ֤˵ʵ
ӺϵˣʵʵҪͳ˵ĻҪȶôͷġ
һڽĶԾҲ˳
տʼʱһһ㣬ʵҲеʮ֮졣
౻֮ӺͽռϷ磬෴ơ
ʵҲûʲôֵġȻǶ˶ǺںڣӺϾҪͻˣǶŸոյںڣȻǷǳ⣬ʵȷʵͰʾ˲Ҳ֡
̨µ˿ýζһ
㶼óûбֳѽҶһԵЩȡ
Ĺϵ͸ҶܺãԼѯʣ̲סЦƵķһۣͿЦЦĸȤ
㱿Ȳ˽һ£Ϊ˭һǰ׿ҿȶ׼ģǶһ˽⡣
˵ûй˵ǹСһж˷¸˵Ķ
¸ЦſԵξһۣȻ˵ѽ⺫мӣǲ˼Ϊͽˣ
ξʱۣôܣɾԲҽ̳ģ˵Ҳǵʵ֮ǰһ˽⣬Ҳ֪ⶼҵϰߣô¡ҲΪ̫ǿ˰ɣ
ʵξ⻰ϿȥǿЦǵҲ˵ʵġ
ΪǿŻ˽ǵϣܹ˽⵹Ҳ޿ɺǵġ
Ҳ֡
̨ϵĴڼԭ¹ڳĶȥѾЩ糾ˣȻǴһĽ
ӺǱ߶ͷȻϸܵĺ飬沢û̫Ӱ죬ûҡ
Ѿܹ֪Ľʲôķչˡ
ıУȻǲָܹ顣
ӺҲûиԷϢʱʹʤ׷ˡ
˵õûκʤʵҲûô׷ܹߵһѾˡ
ԼǶԷԼκδϢĻᣬľҲ޿ɺǵģûκܹĵط
ԼĶֳֵأʲôʱҲǶԷɣԼ޹ϵȻҲûô⡣
֪ԼѾþˣҲøĲࡣ
Ҳ˶Զǿࡣ
ӺһνģȻԥվԼĶ˹ȥ
һƷûддĹԣָȥǿһ
Ȼһƶ㣬ȴҲ㲻ȥˣջǱС
ȻеʹȴûеֻǱǿε˺֮⡣
ʱ𣬶ԭƽ֣ⷬ䶯Ƕ˼˿мվӺ˹ȥ
лǰ顣
ûʲôġ
-

488 

˻һ̨һƬȻѾôһ¡
ξ̲סӺƣ˳㻹װһۡ
ӺҲǸĶأٿĳЩ˶ԴԼĶַҪɱ֣˵ǲأֱѪ鰡
ʵ䳰ȷ飬ԯҲĺܡ
仰̲ס̧̧Ƥ㶺Ūһξ
ŶѪ飿
ξԯĻĺһ£ʱֲ֨ˡ
ԯ䱾Ҳûб˼ӣһ˿Ц⣬ֺܿʧ
һж¸迴Ҳʮá
ʵԯǰȷһѪˣҶԴʲô鶼쳣Įͷ·𼤲Ȥһ
ܹξЦ˼ɼϵζԽԽˣҲǷ¸Ҫġ
ڸǰĲಢ󣬵ֻҪܹһЩ΢ת䣬÷¸辪ϲ
ϾϣԯҲܹ磬οЩϿɵͬ顣
ƽСС֣֮飬Է¸ķΧƺҲ
ⳡ֮󣬱ϿȥûκʧǶӺʾ˸лֱ֮³
³֮Ǳ߹ȥͬʱֲɵõĿһɳϪѰķ
ɳϪѰͷ΢ЦϿ֮ԲöиӶһ˿ů⡣
ջĿ⣬žֻصԼλԺˡ
̨ϵıһˣҪһԾ
ξʱȫעΪ¸軹Ҫϳǩ
һٴν˺пһ
Ҳֻʣ¸Ӻ
һļʷǳĴһҲֹ˵ġ
ǧһǸ񶾵Ů˶¸ʹʲô۶ӣ
ξɴ̨ĬĬϣ¸һλֿܹա
ȻԵԯ俴ȥûܵӰ죬ʮֵ
ξһԯ䣬Եò
ǸɴֱֱڿԯѯʣʵҲΪЩɻ
ԯô㷴ӦûаѲ㲻һ𣿡
һôˣѵ𣿡
һ仰ʱξƿԣֲòԯ̬ȷġ
ȷҪ¸㹻ΣܹѷֺӮⳡ
ڱʹӣʹʲô۶ӣıԶǵķ¸ô֪ܲɵĻΪأ
ξҲͷ˲٣һ
žͷ·ԳǩĽҲ̫ˡ
Ͼģȴûκε塣
һֱģ¸㹻ΣܹԸⳡ
һγǩҲȷԸΥģ˵ξ̫ϣ˳鵽һ顣
һֿյĲǷ¸ˣϾֶ鵽ֿյĿС֮С
̨Ͻʣˣֳ鵽Ļը
֮Ҳʼնվߵġ
һǷ¸鵽˺ߣӺһ˳鵽ߡ
ȻӺֿգһɷ¸Ծ
Ҳֻ˵ĵİˣڷ¸˵Ľ֮еġ
ҲҪģڴġ
֮ǰﰵĸԼʹôӣ˵ǰ㲻⵹Ǽٵġ
ܹʼԼˣ¸ŹȻǻһֱҸһѵ
һξᣬΪȻǸԼ鷳
ÿһ鷳ҲûʲôʵԵ˺Է¸ûֱӳѵ
ԼʲôֽŵĻǾҪַ¸費ˡ
һĸҶ֣¸;Բˡ
ɲӺһֳֵأʵҲΪԭ
ˣһأ䡣
һڱƽĵʧҲϵĸ°ӵˣΪһһεı֮УԷΪȵԭأ
һ¸ǾģֻΪûܵ˺ԲŻѡһһεӣʵҲǲԸˡ
ıжԷܹԼʵҪһЩа飬Ƿ¸ǾԻԵѵġ
Ҳ޿ɺǵ顣
û뵽ǣԼϷ¸裬˻ΪЩľսЩʧ롣
Ҳɺ⣬Ϊ֮ǰͷѾǴﵽһ롣
ͲõܾĵһˣΪժùڣҲҪͷ¸ϡ
-

489 

ھ͸ᣬֻҪܹܷ¸裬ǰۣļƻһǳ״ˡ
һγǩǡɳ鵽˷¸裬⡣
ȴһ̵ȴˣ׼Ҳ׼˸֣˵ʮʮİա
֮ǰҲĸʼûаԼĵ
οĵҲֹһţȴľһ̡
֪¸ʵǿǳ˵ԸҲʮԴġ
ټҪ¸˼ΪǿңԵȴһ̵ȴãȻî˾
ˣҲҪ÷¸ڸԼⳡһͿأġ
ϾҪʵ˵ģôܲ˷ܣ
¸裬һ䵽ˣԼһô𣿡
ǩ֮״˷¸ߣҶһ
¸迴˿⸱ģûж˵ʲôֻЦЦ
Цݴż˿ɲζǿͷ·ǺԼһ
۾ĺԴ˾κ˵κξٶŵ۾ﶼǶԼʮġ
һ;Լڱصãȫûھ·¸ʵǱ
¸ӣټʲôû˵ǾЦøӲˡ
Ӻ˿ߵˣʲôû˵ֱת³
Ϊˣһھб֮ǰһֱ˸֪۶ĵˡ
˵֮ǰά˹ֵʱ򣬾ͶԵ۶ӡʮֲ
񿴵֮ǰĴԣʱֶŮЩС
Ȼٿһۣ׼Ͻ̨
˵ģ˵ֱĻҲδܹӮⳡ
̫ԴˣοʵΣӺȻǶġ
֪Ƕ˭ʵȽǿһЩȻһ
Ǿץ̨ûľ
һνֻʣһԭԳǩ֮˾ֱվ̨ϡ
ҲûԼվǰλã⵹Ҳԭļƻ֮ڵġ
ΪҪΪһԾռǰλõҲô֡
ܹƽ͵ĽܽҪһеġ
¸裬ְɣΪһ飬Ϳˣ
ռԭ֮󣬾ͺԥسŷ¸ƺȫûע⵽Լ˵Ļﲻԡ
̨µǶһʦεķ˷ס۾ƺûڿ̨ϵ
ΪƸû˿ڣ˵̨¶һ
Ȼǰһֳ¸ҩǵ顣
һֱڵԾ˵ʼձſֵ̬
ͻȻһ䣬˵ֱӽԼ֮ǰ뷨ʵˡ
֮һδƽһĻٴ֮Լ޷ٱס
⻹ҪֵĻʱһ档
ҪȻԼ֮ǰκά൱ǴˮƯ
ΪԼŵоͺ˵Ļ൱ǼΪԵĴΪ
Ȼȴ˿ûע⵽Լ˵˻¸û˼ƽЩ
˵ˣԼҲ顣
ϾǶ˶ŮӣҲӦȥǷ¸ɴֱӳ֡
õ¸ȫȻ¾ԼһƾͶԼ֡
˵ȥĻջĵҲֻӲͷƤӭս
ȻͲǷ¸Ķ֣һнԵЩˡ
οǵһжԾǷŵ֮ĻŹ˶ã֮ͻ
֮ǰʱûдﵽˮƽܹԯһ
Ҳ˵¸ˮƽңңˣʵɲ⡣
ˮƽ֮ǰһЩҲἸ֮ھͰⶼ֮ǰ¸ֵܹõġ
ΪֻԷս̵ܹõԷʵʵ
Ƕڷ¸趼ˣ˭ܹõʹ˷¸Ķ֣¸ȴʼձһʵеûó
֮ǰǹǶսƾһܹ֮Էշ
֮ͬԵòΪ棬ѧԱҲܹ˷¸ˡ
Ϊˣؼʱ򣬷¸ǾԲᱩ¶ԼƵġ
Ը˵ȫƴȫ
ܵõԼԸ¸ʱеһ㣬ֲҷԼ¸Ļᡣ
Ϳʼ뷽跨¸һѵ
ϵƾԲ䣬ԼǵֵĺܳȴҪֳҵӡ
-

490 ѩ͵Ϯ

ⲻӦðɣ¸Ӧڼ֮ھͰɽѽϾҲֻǸƿˣȻʽȥͦÿģʵƺҲһȣ˭ֲ֪ЩСôȥô
ξʼչ۲̨ϣۿôʱȥˣȴûпκƣɵõľЩ֡
ȻҲǽĹ۲̨ϵĶĻ֮һͽɻ
ֻǱ浭ѣϸĻͻᷢɫÿһνӵ¸ʽʱ򶼻ҶͷѾðԲϸܺ顣ÿһβĶܹóڱװ򶨣ʵҲЩŲסˡ
һⷽ浹ǿú͸ʵҲȷˡ
һֱз¸ʱ䣬㾡ȫڶĹ
ʵڶܲ˾ֻӲͦǱ滹Ҫװܵӡ
˵ʵڵȷʵһЩ࣬Ҳûа취İ취
ĻԼӺӶҪˡ
òӮõһЩϿɵĻʱЩͬԼĿ˵ĻǾ൱ǰˡ
һֱһṥ¸裬ȴҲ벻ʲô÷ӡ
һһҪķѵ¸ľʵϱķѵҲֻԼˡ
ҲòЩķӣͱ˵͵Ϯ
ҧӲͦõİ취ˡ
˵ķʽȥ̫£ȴǰҲģͱ˵ʼĶڡ
ķӶԸ¸裬ҲʲôΡ
ϾĿѾˣԾķӮԼʤ˵Ҳƽһ¡
Щʱ򣬷¸һϮ
ûжеЩζΪʧܵһ˺
ȴûбֳֻܽϾҪƵٴ˻ȥ
͸ӷߺ޵ؿ˷¸裬ͷ·ɱһ
ʵҲھģ¸õλ᲻ƫеýסԼ
ϾԼԲûжùȥ
Ƿ¸Ҳһƽƺûнܵһ
ҲӼᶨҪ¸뷨ͿʼϾʱԼռ֮ԼԼǽ
ԭĵ֮ǰԼļԼʦ뷽跨ΪԼ󵽵Լޡ
һͷʮһ׵ԼޣѰǲģҲһ޴
ţֻҪĻһȫҲѷ¸һ
֪ʮһ׵޶ڷ¸˵ѾѰ֮
ټЩԼлϹڣʮһ޷
֪ԼƣóҲֻǶ۵ĻʼʱҲķӡ
ϧǣЩֶΣȴȫûмúܲҡ
ⶼǺˡ
ѩޣһҸ򶷵ʱһ㿴ĵһ͵Ϯ¸ʱһҲҪӱ͵Ϯϵȫֱڵü
еʮһ޶ܹѩһԣѩ޾Ͳܡ
ǵõԼҲķԸ֮Ϳʼľ׼͵Ϯ¸衣
η˲٣Ͽܾͻѷ¸賹׵Ľ
ܹӮⳡܹԶʧϣ;㣬
ɫȫ¶ڷ¸Ƥӵ£¸üһѾ֪ôһ¡
ҸڶһķӣѲû˽ڵĺ
Ƿ¸õİ취һһͻߵ£ڲͣ
¸һЩˣҲŹ
Ȼ뷽跨İԼҪٵԼһĻǾûбҪٹ
Ƿ¸ҲڵǳʱһģһϾͷ·ʲô֪һš
ǵļŷ¸ĹƣƺڸѩѰʱ
¸裬ҪרĸҴѽ
һС˵־˵ӣȻǸԼҵ˺·Ǿʹȫһ·¸衣
õ¸Ϳıƣ֪˽Ҫʲô
仰ֱ൱ѷ¸裬ôһ¸裬ȷԼ롣
ǹ۲ԼעҲֵöЩʵҲȫûбҪԼ߾ʲô顣
ԼܹܵõԼԼҲܹͬܵõ
һμͲԼȥԸѩʮԵԼѵͷ
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491 

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Ϊ¸һֱһûһĴţʵҪкݵģδزֱܹӽ
κڼֱƴϵһڶŷ¸Ĺˣڲϵ¸עûа취мܷѩ޵͵Ϯ
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ΪֻҪѩ͵ϮɹĻȷ¸Լ֮ǰһҲԻӮⳡ÷¸ĸ׵ס
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ȻǵЦݾͽϣ˶ԭء
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γֵǡôһӾҧ˷ѩ޵ʺ
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ԼʦԼǿԼ֣ȻһӾͱһ֪Ƿ¸Լ޵ĺһҧˡ
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ΪȫûϵĽģҲԸȥš
Ϊʧ˵ĻʲôȻǲԶ顣
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ʱ˿ϵıĿ£ɢһĪӼֱҪħһ
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492 ·

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493 ʼ

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ΪҶɵˣʼչ۲ųϵĶ
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494 ŤתǬ

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495 

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496 ȥ

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֮ǰеıĻǾʣһ֪ȡ
Ǻһϵе飬ܶ˶ӡ󶼲ôã͸졣
ֳһϵе飬Ҷûʲôκε뷨ֻˡ
ΪļľҪ̨µʦˣʼտǱߵĶ򣬿ȴֲܹ˵Щʲô
ΪȥĸûʲôԾҪ˵Ļǻܻײϡ
ðգʦǾԲȥˣôôҲѾûκεĹϵ
˵Ļܻȥ֮Ѹҵļ彻
Ҳ̹ȻǰһҪǿĶ࣬ҲͷһЩ
ǱߵЪ˹ĺţҪĿĲݡ
Ȼϵĺţȴû˴
Ϊʱ˿̵Ӿͷ·ǷһΪάֳҲǸһĹۿĻ
ϾϾҪˣ¶ܹ׵顣
ڲԱʲôΪҪһĿȻġ
οղžͷ˹棬ЩַȻģǲԱҲӲ
һħ˵ӣֻҪ˸ϽȥǲҪ̨Ҳ뷨һ¡
˳һΪ⡣
ǳȴûһָ¸裬ΪҶƷ
-

497 ³֮

ΪղŽе̫ڼңԳȻҪʰһǷ¸̨Ҳ޿ɺǵ顣
Լλȥһ·;Ӫ
˴ҪôĴ澴ηҪôͲ֪ʲôڿ¸衣
Ƕû۷׷ףǳĬǽһʼտŷ¸Ķȴһ䲻˵
ԼǷ¸߹ĵطѻȸġ
Ȼߵ˵۶ߣ˵ķӦͱҪǿһЩˣȻӪͬ
¸裬ǻˣǴİξȥǳ˷ܣ˵ֱӴԼλվ
Ȼȵĳŷ¸˫ۣӾڻӭһ
ԯĬĬվȻϢŷ¸˹ȥӭˣҲһԶŷ¸˵ŸָĻ
ǸҲֲ̫һЩƵʱһֱթɣƺŷ¸֮ǰѧԺ顣
ѹե˵ĳžͲɵñŸ첲˸
һԵҶȻ뷨һ£ҲɿؽӲ硣
Ȳ˵ģһƷô˵Ҳܹ͵ϮһףͿʱĶʲô𣿡
ҶĻ䣬һֱĬŵӶ̲סˡ
οʼʱΪڵ飬ǻǴˮսһûκ峿ѧԺһ˵ͷˡ
ɱ˵ˣûⷬ˵ͷҲֹܹҶĿˡ֮ǰĸָͱ¶⣬ԱҩѾ˻Ķ壬ھͳһ飬ؾͼֱǰ֮ǰʵһ
ξһһм˵ţȻֻҪ;ʮ
˵Ҳûκεĵ֮ǰ鱾ֵ÷ˮ𣬻Ƶõ۶ʦԳȴֱ˻Ĺǰֱ洦
һδƽһֳ£ֱĻᶼûУ֮ǰҪȺԼͬӪʵˡ
ʵĻĺֱǲ롣
˵ҪΪƱ磬ǻѾǲܵˡ
ʵǰӦ֪飬ǰ˽˶ڳ
ȫ뿪ҲûκôԶµס˵죬ȴҲ²סЩԸ⽫ȥ˵죬ǲܹ
ΪǶסҲס˵۾ʱһʮʮ٣ͳ׵ɢȥˡ
˵ЩҲûʲô̫壬Ѿ䶨ˡټĻӦô졣ĻӦòپˣϾ³ѾǸӣǻܹ˵Щʲô
һԵһҲۣ˵Ҳûв
ûб˳ֱӷŵǵ۶ѧԺλǽֱӴԭס޵Ժӡ
Ҳ˵൱Ǵһ״ֳ̬Ѿٽˡ
ڵȵľǾȻֱӽص۶ˣ֮ҲûκεĹϵ
Ǵ˻ȥҲ߳ҵĴˣ³
Ҳ³ûжôĲңǾôġ
Ϊ˱ʮֵƽʱû¡
¸ûκεĹϵȴǽеûõĽڣһֱҷ¸鷳Ǹ˶Щ֡
ο˿¸Ǻ޹ǰȥû鷳ȴʼ蹷һҧŷ¸費š
һжֻֿ԰ˣûκһ
ֻǲ֪ˣЩڵά˹ĸܣ֪ʲôĸо
Ͼһĺѣһδޡ
δޱһˣ϶ҲЩǲǡ
Ȼθά˹һЩ˾Ͷ֪ʵά˹Ĺϵá
ھά˹һƽĸСϸھܹó
ά˹ĶĽӴҲǶİһЩС
Ͽȥ·ҲûκεĵǺͲ档
ǴŵЦڿŷ¸裬ƺҲΪӮⳡеġ
֪ͶûʲôоǰݵĻͰľ
ȴʼǽǶ˵ļά˹ƽŲò˵ľ
Ȼȴһᣬһ˵ĻǷ¸һ
ΪĻȥ֮˻ˡ
-

498 

󣬳˵ɫ죬ǸĻǶоġ
Ψһһ鲻̫ˣž׸磬Ҳˡ
˵¸ǵĹϵҲûô֣αϾ˴µԼãҲû˼ټˡ
˼뿪ֱ֮ӸȥǴһͬԺӣԼþʲô
ȥ֮»ҪһȻҪúõһԼá
һܹ൱ΪʣΪһܹ֮˵Ĳࡣ
һһؼҲһ
ܹϾҲ油ԱģɾֻԼá
Լúòʽѡֵλãֽǰ⵵鱻һƫƫܹȥֻ¡
ҲЩ޴룬֪Ǻá
ƫƫԷǷ¸裬Ҳ֪ô졣
õİ취ǸصסӦδ顣
ڽ¾ҪηչҶö֪Ҳ⡣
ϳǳΪ£Լ˵۶֮ӦδеЩǳ
뿪֮ʦҲԭؼת֪Լ׷ȥĻ¾Ͳô˵ˡ
οʦҲþ׷ȥҲ޿ɺǵġ
Ǿľ֮УҲ֪ӦǺá
룬ûж˵ʲô
Լ뿪Ҳûж˻עõ
Ҳͷ˳ȥҪһͬȥˡ
뿪֮ҲɨĲˣ¸ߵһһĽţƺڷЩĲһ
Ϊ˵ҷ¸Ĳ裬Ǵʱ򶼰һ˶Ūüɹ
˶Ŀ̫ã͸ˡ
ȻýеĻüȥҲ˵ʱҪ
̭ˣʣµ˾ֻʣ˷¸Ӻ
ǴҶεĻڣǣǺҲע
Ϊ˵ѧԺû˽뵽ܶԾǰ֮ǰһξ۶Ծǵ۶ʤ
֮ڵ˵ΣΪڣΪ֮ǰҳӡ
ۿֻʣ˵۶ˣҾͶע
ΪҲ˭Ӯⳡⳡͱøпͷˡ
һϵѧԱһƴõķ¸衣
˿ɶǻĵǶ˵Ƕڵ۶˵Ƕʼչעž˵Ƕ˵ıֶӹɵġ
ǵ˭һⶼ˵顣
ӺӲҪ˵Ļʵ֮ǰĶʱҪǿ࣬һҲ֪¸־ܷ֮ǰһĿ缶ս
Ҳ˵飬֮ǰͨҩԼʵ۷һ£Ҳɷ¸ҳ׵׵ŷˡ
ΪŽĲ⣬ǶΪⳡз¸úܲҡ
ȻȴȻܹԼԷĶɣɼʵ֮ǿ
Ҳ͸Ϊڴһε۶ĶԾҲǷ¸ӺĶԾˡ
˵ľҲпͷһ
ˣһĹܶԾʼǰѧԱϳ
سʰ֮󣬲Աֱӳų
¸ԼλûãҪ̨
ΪҪһʱ䣬ǲԱ͹ٷƺòȥעĶ
˵˵Ƿһ
Ըûж̫ڿˣ˱ֱֳ֮ٻ¸Ӻ̨ˡ
ϾҲεģԱʮڴһԾԴҶҪͿʱʱ̵̿ĹעűĽ
ȻǲܹӣǾҪ㽫¸̨ҸϽо
ĻĹ価ĸһ䣬ܹһȥˡ
¸迴ȥޱȵȻ̨ĻҴҶΪȻǲΪľƶеš
Ϊ¸ʵǴҶΪϿɵģ۶Ҳ϶ܹӮⳡ
һûţǶԷ¸ΣȻȻҲͳ˷¸Ķ
ĻУ¸ֱӾ˾̨
ľһһҲûĽթҲûӵֶΣԴһǺڴġ
-

499 

ӺǱҲһΪϵѧԱ賿ѧԺĵ̣Щͬž͸Ϊˡ
˶ΪʵĺܣϳҲ׷ΪҲڱصõġ
Ҫ֪ӺǵĽʵ˳Ⱥ쵱ĵһˡ
˷ŵ˾ϣôõأ
Ȼȴ˷¸ܹվҲĵһˣǿǿ׻ʲôĻ𻨻һ
Ӻֵά˹ȥЩɫĪ⡣
Ϊά˹Ӻѵõܹϵ̨Ķ֣ԸһǺ죬һ
ӺʵҲȷǲСҲ÷¸辿᲻Ӯⳡ
Ϊͷ¸Ĺϵ˵ǲҲΪǲһ㣬Ƕ˴δ֣ά˹¸ʵ
¸ΪͬǶʱά˹¸ԼʵƺʵƺԼĻҪǿʢࡣ
Ҳܹ϶¸辿Ǵһʲô״̬
һΪĶ֣һǺһͬĺѡ
ά˹ҲǶ˾˭ӮⳡǾ;úõٹ۲һ̨ϵ״˵
¸ӺѾߵ̨ϣλվ֮Ҳʼ֮ǰһʺ
Ϊ˴ûվһ̨ϹûпʼҲһʺࡣ
˵֮ǰʱѾ֪˶ԷĽӴ»ǵһΡ
ãӺղǳܾʡӺʺĹУ佱һ¸ղŵı
ѸղŵһпɶǿģȻǾ÷¸úܶԣҲúܺãϿʵ
ȼܵľģϣܹһһԼϵĶһϸ¡
ľٴδ˸ĻӮ˵ܶرҪˡ
ȻҪںУǶҵϾҪ뿪ѧԺ˵ܹ൱ĶֲҪġ
ҪȻĻʼջԼֱ˸ղŷ¸ıӺžɽɽ¥¥Լǿ˻ࡣ
¸Ҳ֮һԽıӶ˼ڴ
¸Ҳ˵ӺǴά˹;Ӻ˷ǲ
ټξܱռ˵Ӱ죬ÿǵԺξǴָĸֵϢ
ԸͲҪʣѾӺ˽˸š
񿴵վԼĶ棬ֶԼ˵һ乧άĻӲʵǿʢƷҲǲ
ǶǰҲǶ˼ֺøУҲǸ˶ս֮󣬶Ķֶ˼Ӱ졣
¸迴ÿһּҪ˳һЩˣԿӺֵ֮󣬷¸ȻҲǺԥĻظ
ãǵ۶ķ¸衣ǰ֮ǰıҲעǾڴڽľУܹһ̸¡
ȻԷ¸ĻӺֻһ΢Ц
ƽʱЩĮʲֻԼ֪ǶԴֵ𾴵˲Żչ¶һ档
ƽЩ򶷶ܹĽеˣȻһӡ
¸ά˹ѵһĶֵʱͨԵ΢һЩžһз漫ΪԵ˵ıְɡ
̵ʺҲûˮվ˿Կսλá
еһδŵĲǽⳡⳡĿʼ
ΪⳡʮӵģԹעȼߣжʮֵרעϣϣܹȫµӾ顣
ſ뵱һʱʵĺ󱲾֮١ȴܹʶʵʤ
˵⻰ܸˣʵѸߣʱǲֳġ
˵һξǼΪʵģŻڴˡ
ŵ賿ѧԺԺ̲סޣ賿ѧԺԺҲʼ
ǰǺη˶һһǿ½ܹţʵѰ顣Ƿŵ˴ǰ¶ǰѵһģһѧǣʵ
賿ѧԺԺĻϿɵĵ˵ͷһºӣ̨ϵ˿˹ȥ
˿Ӻֿ˿¸裬̲סڣ̾һȻ󲹳
ǰΪӺѾˣ۶ķ¸ƺҲֵ̽
-

500 ҶԾ

̨ϵĶԼ̨µ˵ĶԻģԼʼţ̨ϵȴûͣ˼
һ֮Ƕ˱ŶˮԸǶ˵ֱӿʼս
δıĶ֣Ӧ̽ʽ֡
Ȼ˶ԶԷ˽ⶼһĳ̶ȣľ̨¹ۿŶԷıܹ֪ԷǴһʲôĳ̶ˡ
֮һиͲֱ̽Ӿȫʵ
һӺƺȥٻʲô磬Ϊóղŷ¸ѵķѩ޵ͷһö
ԾԼٻĳ˺ѹûյκЧʱܻзЧҲǲһ顣
һκμӳзųûκε壬ֱӶ˵ĿܹøʵһЩ
ĺжϵǶûдģȷӡ
ֱӵٻʲôȻĻҲܹ׾ٵһˡ
ֻҪ¸ӳֵĻķҲᴵö¸衣
ΪкѾκ鼸԰õ
ôһǿĵƣκЧԷ¸˵ûôġ
Ӻۣ֮Ҳûж˵ʲôֱŷ¸˹ȥ
ǿĶǰȻܹȷ˾ȷˣҪȻĻԷһоôǿĹΪ֮
ȻҪһһÿһҪԼȫҪȻĻпܾͻû·ˡ
Ӻģ¸ȻҲ룬ֻϿȥҪӵĵһЩ
ĳҲûл֪ӺһǹʹЩȫ
ҲֱӭȥȻ󽫶ԷʽɣǸղŶԸһĽһǹظӺ
෴ǾȽʡһԼͶȻֶ˵͸ǿʢȫòһ
ǽʡһǺõģοĹҲһǶ㲻ġ
ܶ㣬㲻ӭȥΪķʽ
Ӻһ㶣û뵽һǹ¸ͻùȥ
ûҲ뵽һ㣬ʶһַ¸ʽһֻ¸ҲһһֱӾɵԼȻԼһ˺
Ҳ޿ɺǵ飬ӺҲǳһŻʹʽ
Ȼ¸ȴֱӶˣҲ˵ղŵһǹ͸ˮһһ
ûκ˺ͬʱûи¸κӰ졣
⵽ǺǻӺҲ˵
ǶŸոտʼԷ¸趼ļӺȻҲļȥ
ֻ¸һԼϣӺ˼Ȥ
ֲʵô򵥣һżĶԾͷԡ
ȥĻʲôĻ֪
ӺҲûʮʮܹӮ˶ԷԶԷֳԽԽӺԼܹһĶԾ
Ǽõ飬ӺȻֵĸΪ˷һЩ
ǲǰǴ˼ѪһƽﶼһĮӣһ˾һ˷ܵӣѲΪ˾̫ڿ𣿡
賿ѧԺ˿ʼӺıɻΪҲӺ˼ǲ֪Ϊλῴȥ˷ܡ
˶һΪӺǽ˾ԾЩ̫ڿˡ
ȴҲ˽ӺϾӺһ賿ѧԺ˾ǰʱȻ˵Ӻ
ҿδ֮ԣƽǰһףΪû൱Ķ֡¸֮ǰֵĶǲʵ˵Ǻǿģ˶Ծǰžʮ˷ܰɣ
仰˵˵ϣӺΪһÿġ
ҲԤ֪һκ죬е˷ܲŻӵĶ֮
¸赹ǲôں˵ĿȻ˱ϣԷֲǹƶ˵˲ҪںʲôǷ¸;ר־Ͷ뵽֮С
һ֮ȻǲٸӺһλᡣ
ΪһֱԷĻηչһ
Է¸Ҳһȷˣ˹֮󣬶˵ԼվڶӺͶ˹ȥ
һͶȥ˵಻࣬˵ٲ٣ȴӺֿܹˡ
Ӧ˵Ļֻܵһ˺
ⳡȻҪ̽ŴȻԷʵǲܹ
ģΪֺǿ
-

501 Ŀ

ǿߵľ˲Ϣ֮Ʊãһڷ¸Ӻⳡоܹó
ΪܹվλãŵĹ֮Ϊǿһ֮ˡ
ټĸ˵˵֮Ϊⳡ˲٣Ҫȥ
Բò˵ڳÿһ˶Ĭⳡƽ￴Ϊʵı֮һ
СܹЧʵһĪ
һ̲֮ס̾
ΪӺͷ¸ĶԾʼ˻̽תΪҵĹգܹ֮ϺüУЩĿϾӡ
˶ޣΪӱϿĻ໹һЩԵġ
ӺҪȷ¸Ϊ߳С׼Ͼ峿ѧԺĴָǰΪȻҲ޿ɺǵ顣
Щ֮ǰ¸裬Ϊ˵ƽƽȴܹվλãԾЩڶĬ
Ϊû뵽Ӻ¸Ҳû¶κƣԸһ
˶û󵽵ģҲЩ⡣
޲ԼƣΪʵ̫òȡˡ
֮ǰʵûмʶ׼սҲܹƯˡ
𣿷¸Ѿдﵽǰˣǰȴֻһд򵽷¸ϣ
峿ѧԺһﾪˣߵļѧԱʱը˹
ǰɣ㶼ǵס˭ȥѽ
˵Ļʱɴ۾Ȼʻȥ
ǲĻڿʲô˽⣬˼˵ڿ
ֻ̫ڳˣ˭ںЩϵĶѵ㲻ÿǾһÿһжһ󡣡
⻰ĵǲӺͷ¸趼ѵһˣ˼ǵ˾ҲʮֵעĿ
˵ǿ߶ԾΪǱ毺õһɫ̲סС
ͬʱʮ˵ĶŵһͻӵˣĵЧⳡ˸쾡¡
˷˵¸ĶƺûɳϪѰǿ󣬵ÿһжԵࡣ
ΪӺʽʱ򣬿ȥǲģͷ·ǧ飬ֺǱһ˸Ҳκ
ԵΪֹӺ͵ʽȴֻһ˷¸ϣĶˡ
Ӻȷ¸Ҫһ㡣¸Ρ
һЩǣеεȲرĴõҲӺĹûܵʲô̫Ӱ졣
˷¸ȫĻѾⳡҪҲֱӸͶˡ
ʵҲǷ¸費ҪʹȨΪǶԷʵҲ֪ԼĹܹ϶ԷļʺС
ҲԼһл򵽶ԷϣȻǲҾֱӽȫϡ
ʱûдеĻ˷ԼԽȥԼԽˡ
ΪĻὫĴʱ򼴱ǲȴҲȶԷһŵơ
ֻ̨µǴʼ˷ܣһֱЩƣʱȴɴú죬¡
ȥ˭ûˣҶһɫ
Ӻʼʱ˷ܣȻǴﵽͷϣ˷ܻҵļơ
пǾ÷¸ܸԼôʱ䣬Ծ͸ӵ˷
벻ЩʽǺģȻҶЩмܲס
˫ӦʮĴűǴŴӺ̲סԿޡ
ϾѾ˺þˣ¸û¶κƣ֮ɫ
Ӻͷϸܵĺ飬Ƿ¸ȴʲô鶼ûзһûд
ӺĻ¸ȻҲߣԷܹߵۣ¸֮С
ǶԼţȴҲҪԶԷظΪǶӺء
ˣǰҲʲá
ʵڷ¸һֱڣҲûܹرֵ𾴵ˡ
ΪһȥԼõĶ࣬ʵҲ㹻ǿĻЩԼǿٵȻǾͲֵܹ𾴵
Ӻȴһ˵ʵҲǺǿģΪҲֻһѡ
ҲǸ¸£ֻȷ¸꣬ȴΪѾʵס
¸Լܹﵽʲôĳ̶ȣǰʵһ
֪ԼӺʵǲµġҳӺ⣬ܹ¼ôãֵϿɵġ
-

502 þֶ

ŴţӺԭ˷ޱȣҪȥ˼ҲȴʵҲǾƣ
Ҳ֪ܹԷһֱȥҲûκεĽչ
෴һֱķȥĻľͱȻԼˡ
˵һĶԾӺȴԼҲôѿʱͻһԼˡ
֮ǰıУܹ쫷ΪԼӮƣȻ˵ܹȻеķϵĺܺá
ܹȻѾʵףȻӺ֪ԼôԼܣҲᱻ¸ش
ٲͻƣ֪һηչӺðһԡ
һҲټƽϺֻβܹһԼҲǶⳡȫµͻơ
ֻӺûг˺ߵ£Ŀʼ
һΪҪܹԪأһǴдİɫġ
ȥȴ˾Ũӯޱȣ˾ʮģžȻ
Ѿͷŵ˼ӺҲԥֱӽͷ˳ȥ
ֻһŰɫĹδԶ÷¸趼̲סü
ǴδʶʽҲԼĶܹõó
Ȼϣʵ׵ġ
ǲʶͲ֪ζܣԷ¸ֻ㣬ȴҲûȷԼǷܹٷ֮ٵĶõ
ֻƺ˵ϣ¸ռԭǱһŰɫŨһ
ɢȥ˵ʱ򣬳ԭĴҲʧӰ١
ԭ¸վλˣֻʣһʮ˶ܹվµľ޿ӣһ֮ơ
Ҿĳ㹻󣬶ھҲûй涨Ƿܹƻصһ㡣
ټϼҵĴ򶷣пĿ
ǿʽ˾˿ĳֻ˷ܣʮΪѡ
ȴ¸Ӱһʱ֮䶼һЩɻ
ķ¸趯һЩţΪ¸ǷǱӺֱɢˡ
ӺɫǼΪΪܹжϵĳ¸϶ǶԼһ
οҲҪ·¸أһܵʲô̫˺
ֻΪ˿Щͻưˡ
ȻɢȥʱǾڰп˷¸衣
¸ͷ·̤һɢȥʱȻ䵽˾޿ӵλá
ȥ˵Ǳ֮ǰλҪһЩȴްǱ
°ڶ紵΢΢Ǿһ̣ӰȻ˵ס
֪ӶЧµˣȻԴŮķ¸衣
˷¸վԶӰӺ͵ɫ
֪ԼղһȻȡõҲʮ֮ǿġ
ϵ¸ȴδ뵽Ȼֺδ
ҲûмõģܹĽ֣ȴеʧ䣬Ǿø˷ˡ
ΪһĶֵ֣ҵġ
¸ûж˵ʲôԭһ
ӺΪҪҵⳡͻƿڵԭ֪ܹΪղŵһǹû÷¸ܵκεˣǾֱӽԼԭ뷨
Ȼֻظ֮ǰֲǻԷ״̬
ӺҲʼ˼ĶԾжһеƣĽ֡
Բܹڻָ֮ǰ״̬Ȼ֪ⳡʲôʱ
ټȥƽʽԷԾĻʱ䳤˷ԵЩȤ
ϾյĶԾѾԶԷǼʽ˽һֱ֮ǰЩʽĻͻԵ÷ǳƽˡ
ӺԸ⿴ģΪʧⳡҲʧԭ˷ܵ״̬
ҲڲҪǰ뷨Ծһ
¸ҪֱӿʵҲԸղһĻ˼
֪ղӺʹʮǿһԼҲܹĻһܹԼܴô顣
ҲĬĬлĻܹΪǾҪȥһµġ
ӺҲܿ뵽μͻƵİ취һҪܹ⿿Լˡ
ڷ¸ʽûʹʵҲΪǱûйרעԺ飬Ƭ̵㶡
ǸӺᣬӺûٻԼԼޡ
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503 ѩս

»
ӺںԼԼޡ
Ļ䣬һֻɫϻ񼲷һ˳
ĺǿľ񹥻ͨɫëָӾϵܡ
ϵǶһӺ»Լռ˳
ȻҪǵԼһˣ飬ѧԱǶ̬졣
賿ѧԺˣ˵һ˶Ӻͷ޵ġ
ͷ޿ʮ׵Ϊ֮ǰʮһ޷ѩ޶Ҫ˲֪ٱ
ֻǲ֪¸辿ܷԸˡ
˺Ȼ˵ʱһҧ˷ѩ޵ĺ
ʱúĻ˵ʮˣǶٽ׵ޣҲ
ѧԺһЩѧԱԵЩȣΪֹ˵֮ǰڱоֳĺ
ʮҲ֮ٵģ˵ڸָĳҲδļ˲˶еޱȡ
ΪӺɷǿξ͸һʮֽýĸо
ټϵʾͷ·Ӻһʮ
ǵ˷¸ͷ޵Ǹԯеһƴ
ټͨ¹һë˾ͬһ㡣
ͬʱȴ־ͬɫһࡣ
ӯ˵Ǻеģںܶ϶
ѵһͬʱҲ˾ޱȣȻǾѵһ
ھ˷ܵͬʱȴЩ¸״֪ǷܹԸʮһޡ
ʵϷ¸кһŵƾԽʮ޴ܡ
ĳ£ƵóĻԼӵһŵƵͻѸ½Ĺ֮䡣
͵µķ¸費Ҫġ
ƽʱҪͷһ㣬ΪȻԽ֪Խá
Ƶı¶У
ڵҲ˶סһĶǵı˶ܹһͷҧʮһ޷ѩ޵ĺ
Է¸ʱһºʵǾֱӴԼռ䣬Լǽʶһͨ
ˣԸԸ֣ҲкȻĻһֱѹҲ̫û˼»ֵĻҲԡ
һ⻰Լռļͷ޶ԵЩ˷ܡ
ԴһĻǵʱ¸ԸȺϮ֮󣬾һֱδ˵Ұ
һҲԼȺԿ룬־СĳزȨӣջǷ뷨
ѩĿ˸ҲڴѾá
Ȼ֮ǰڼ֮صЩ꣬ҲδȱٹԼĻᡣ
ؾ֮ڵѩɽʵ̫һЩʱҲЩҪ֣չʾһԼʵ
ο¸ôʱˣʼʮһҲٽ
龰ԼܹԼˣҲǷ¸һ¡
ͬʱܹԼõһõ顣
౦˻ԼĴ䣬һֻѰʱȻǲܳһͷʮ׵ĹԼǿ޿⡣
˵Լ̶ȿҪ»ǿһЩݶȸҲûκô
ϾҪǣסԷʱ䣬Щʤġ
ʱҲӧ
ջѩ̤̤ǰ㣬ͬһ¹ӰԶ۶
ռѷ쿪ֱպϣѩ˵ͨ׵ͬ¹⣬˵Ĺ磬ҲǼ֮һͬİѩһ㡣
˿̲ס̾ɶ칤ý˾ͬү̵ֵıһ
ѩҲȷ㾫£˵Ҳֻʮһޣûֱͻơ
»ԼҲδؾǶԸ˵ġ
¸迴ѩЩ˷ܵӣɵõº͵ЦЦǶѩľͲѡ
Ҳ֪ѩĴ򲻹ԷĻԼҲԲưոݣԹۡ
϶ԼĻһ֮
˵ӺĲ£Ƕڷ¸˵ҪհһѩҲ޿ɺǵ顣
»ܵ˹ӺҲŶԡ
Ϊ»ϾܹӺ֮˵ĬȻΪ˻òŻĸо
ԼԼȺԼҲͬ⣬ҲǷ¸Ƕ͵ԭ
ڷǲҪôеĽⳡˡ
ܹսһԼĻõĻҪֱӽⳡҪࡣ
-

504 ɴ

ԭΪӺͷ¸һѾķڷˣ벻ôһּͷһͲ򵥵ޣⲻɴ𣿡
̨йۿⳡѧԱԼ͵˵š
˵ͣ˵Щ̾
벻ڽһУһΪ졣
֮ǰڸָĹ䲻ͬı֮УѾһǴ۽ˡ
벻Ǿ˵ľʣͷ·֮ǰЩǸһ
»ѩһ򣬾ͷ·ӡ֤˵Ļһ
ǻԴ»ݵһ㣬ǡɷӺȻ
ټһ׵ë˾üİҲܹüµĹԡ
»ͨ巢ģʮֵĸߣʵǸѩĻǵǲ¡
ΪѩҲʮ־£˵룬ȴԵʮֱأȥ¹һӯ
ټһϣ˾;ƺļ紺𶼱΢һЩ
ѩ뼴ûѩɽҲûڼ֮أȴƮѩġ
ȥĺ磬˾òͬʱЩֻܵѩů
ڴǰѩɴġ
ֻ˷¸֮ܵԳʹδů
ԾǴɱѩеʱ򶼲Ļ῿£
ҲǺ죬»ŭΧһ顣
Ȼѩÿȴǡôɵľɷ·ѩɽĲʳ˼̻ľ顣
ѩÿһζԼ籩Ŵѩ»ȥ
»ȴҲúܿ죬ÿһһͻֱѩʽ˸ա
޶ȱȽϸߵģټϵȼֶͣڸԼѾöѾͨԣһϾȻ¡
ѩ뻹ûͻʮ޵ʮ׵»ȴҲûԵʮơ
һ㵹ǸļҲǷ¸ʮơ
¸ΪҲͬûӺߣ˵Ǳ˲١
ȴܹͬ׼սһûκ˺ı֡
һξѩҲ˷¸裬ԱԼһ׵ޣҲ硣
˵ɲ£ⳡϿĻҲ˵Ŀġ
ҿûսپ˼ⶼҪʱˣǶ˵ѵԼԼһһԸۻ𣬶Լ޴õ
˵⻰峿һ֣ûнʱͱ̭ˣʵҲǿ
ȷʵʮϲսپģʲô鶼ˮضƴȫ
Ҫô䣬ҪôӮļƴһʼʼմš
֮ǰıڿһʮ־ʵͬʱԽЩͷ
Ϊȵʱʵ̫ˣΪֹûзֳһʤ
˻ⳡʮֺ죬һЩⷽıۿĶʮԵˣҲⳡٽȥҲܵκӰ졣
෴ǻʮԸܵģֱϲּ
ҲһЩ˵ΪⳡѾãʱıǴûмġ
ټ˴ֲӾȫʧһ
˵˵ȵĲˣ˵˽ģҪֳʤ
ΪǶ¸Ӻ˭ǿһЩ˭ܹӮ˭Ӯⳡ
ⶼһֱںֲЩҪ̽ȥ뷨
뷨ʼ޷ټȴȥҪ֪
ʵ˼Ҳ޿ɺǣ½˶޶ʯ
ưոݣ
ǵȴĹģΪԼӮǲҴʱȴ˻бĥ
ڿʵı̨µҲˡ
еʱϵģԽпܾԽʡ
ΪԽԵ˴òɿʵ¡
ǻ˸ӵĺ棬˭˭Ӯ
ʼղųϵǣʵӺͷ¸趼⡣
ֻҪ̨µļƽ࣬ϾҪݲݵĵõ˽¾ԼҲֱӾͺĳеһС
ǲֱܹӷԷʵȻץսپĽⳡȰһεı
ܹµõŵҲһ
ʵ˻ǾʮֹģΪһˡ
ҪһҪȵ֮
-

505 ˵

ܹԶѩ룬ȻǸͨһЩⳡʤһ
֮Ӯⳡ
˵ҪӮⳡĻ˵»˸ƽ֡
ΪӮ»Ҳܹʲôó
·˸һ»һͲòԼռȥˣҲֱܹӳϷ¸ʲôæ
˶ЩȻϾ൱ˮһգֻص֮ǰ״̬
˶ûܵκӰ죬˫Լ޴һܣ˹ۿһǶһı
ҪȥĻֲ֪ǺˣԳµǶЩ͵Ŀųϡ
»ѩ붼˸ԵԼռ䣬кúõ
ѩ˸죬һʤһֺػؾѩɽ
ʵҲǳл¸һζĻᡣ
ܹĳϸԼһʱѩ뻹Ǿλȷʵʮѵõġ
˵ûаѽתʲôķ򣬿ǲʲô뷨ͷ¸趼ΪεĽе͹ˡ
¸赱ȻҲġ
ӺǱȻҲû٣ʼʱҪóԼ޶ԾľҲֱٻԼޡ
޷ֳʤȴûжԱκεӰ죬Ҳûж˵ʲô
¸ҲûκηӦ˾;Ծ
һȥղĵЩֻԼ޴򶷵ĹֶָĲˡ
˵Ķ־ʮԣ˶ܹó
Ϊǵָ˲٣Ȼη塣
ǾֶҪŬһܷõԼҪĽˡ
ӦԸǲٻ̽
ԶԷһȫ˽֮һε˾Ϳʼƴȫ
һһʽŹԷʧ󣬲Լ޶ȵֹԷʤͬʱҪһĴ
ȷ˵Ӻ
Ϊ֪ԼʵƵģȥĻٲȷ˵ʹһЩ÷ǣƶԷпܾͲô׵Ļʤˡ
һҲҴţȻϺõԴΪβúã
ֱӽԼŷܣŷ¸͵ػ˹ȥ
һη¸δܶ˸š
ķӦҲʵǼǿģûܶһУȴҲܹ紵ĺ˼֮󣬿סΣûе֮⡣
һп˵Ǿ֣¶˷ʮ־ȵ
ֱӾվһҪֱӽˡ
Ȼ¸ȴͣ˺֮ǰⳡûн˶˿ּۿ
һȷ˵ʽӺ΢ҵһЩܹȥĸо
¸ȴûиԼҳӵĻᣬ
η¸ûнģǴ˷ɢ
Щ⣬Ϊ뵽ʲô·ӡ
ȻһЩɢĹͨͨӺȥǷ¸ὫԼֳ˺üݡ
֮ǰֻǼĵĻŶԷȥҲпܻᱻ
˷ڵȴܹùȥΪʵǴ˷ֶ޴ɶ㡣
ҲˣҲǷǳѵ顣
Ϊ¸費עԼľܹЩͬ׷ٹһĲͣӺ׷š
ӺһĶ޿ɶ㣬ֻЩǱĴ
һǸһֲߣͷ·һϷһ
˿ɵۣǰҲûмʽģܹõģֻз¸һ
ĹɢɵɱҲ󣬵ȴҲĴӺϡ
ӺϵļеѾ˶¶˹⻬Ƥ˿ˣһЩ֮С
ֻΪӺòӢⲢԵǱǱһȤ
ŮѧԱ
¸ĳ˵˿Ȥ
˵Ҷ࿴һĻ̨֮ԯͻһӭˡ
Է¸ЦһҲû뵽ԼмдϣȴҲֻǻû˵ˣĻЩõζ
ӺҲô⣬ĳƺѼֲ֡
֮ǰĸֱ֮ҲйƵľûм˵ĵط
˵ֵҵˣں
ͷ¸һڴôģ˼ȥЩĶȻȻ˶ֻǲСڵһʴȻһеĶԾ
Ϊ˲Լⳡ˶㾡ȫʼֵĻᡣ
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506 һʤ

ֹ˺üУΪһκķѵʱʵ̫Զ˫ƺӰ졣
²Ҳܿ˳αֻһ͸ߵ
ŷ¸Ҳ֧Ųס˵ӺƳһ̿ʼⳡʤѾ
ԱȻר־ڿⳡͬŸֶԾһʮԡ
ڶԷ˳˺ܹ֮һʱع˿ڣ
Ĺܾ˽ʤǵ۶¸裡
˵׵ˣΪⳡʵǾԼʹӮ˵˲ˣǵ۶ͷЦ
˷ޱȣⳡҲһǸȾŻ⡣
ϲ˷¸֮ҲעӸղŵı˻
Ѿֳ˸ʤ
ʼʱϻһƬž˵ǵһ붼ܹü֡
Ȼ˼֮󣬲ԱĻصڳϣ̨ȴѾ˷Ӧ
˶վһӮ˭ⳡôҲǾŵġ
֮ǰĹ䶼һⳡľʣҪȻĻҲְ֮Ե۶ĻޣһҪ𡱵顣
˵֮ûӮ˵۶ǹۿһʵı˵һҲֵõġ
Ҳûʲôо泩٣ûⷽļɣǲں˫õöࡣ
Ȼˣ˷¸֮󣬴һҪעŵһѡϵġ
ӺȻⳡʼʱĿõġ
˵˷¸󱲣û˾Ӻһⳡʮֶ˵ģǿĺܡ
ԱҲעתƵӺϡ
˵һ˿ʧı飬ǲԱʱǺܽؽͷϣҳԹͬҲҪϲһεĵڶҲӺлͬ¸һͬһʵı
糱˵£¸ӺһЦ౧˱ȭʾԶԷԼ͡
Ǿ͸תͬķԼӪڵĵطȥ
¸һӮƯŵ۶Ǳ߹ȥʱϣ֮ʡ
ǵ۶ˣҲ׷ױʾ͡
ǰʵ̫ˣʱĻһҪһдһ¡˵ҵûǰǿĺټʶһ·ǰʽ
˫Ŀ棬ŷ¸ݣӾͷ·ҵ˴һ㡣
¸ЦЦ˵ûеͷӦҲûҡͷܾ
ĻӦѾǸ˾޴Ĺ
֮;˽ԼİԼһЦݣԺҲԻŬ·ʻ
ߵڶ¸ͷ·ǶһһЩýȥֹ
ΪЩ֮ʲܹʲôı䣬ǶԼҲԸղŵı޲ڣЩѾǹȥʽˡ
˵һӮ˹ڣ֮ڣǽսڵȴԼ¸衣
ΪһͶϾԼĺ·Ҳ¹
ͷ·Ǿ̬һ¸߹ԣջԼӦڵĵط
ԯѾվȴš
ĳ¼Ǵֵģ۶Ҳ⣬ÿ϶Ц⣬ȥʮ˷ܡ
¸ȺѾ͸˵ˣξֵسҪǰӵһ·¸衣
Ǽ·Ͼͱԯۼֿ
ԯվξǰ˫ֽǰһɿӡ
ԼǰԶξһſ˫ۣͷ·Ҫһƣԯޱѯʣ
ξһʱ˶ӲԭأϵЦ˲˻ȥ
ȻϽѸ첲һɵӣԯǸЦЦ
ûûʲôҾ˶˶
˵֪Լʲôξǹɵתһߡ
˵Ҫ¸ϲƺʱ
ܹܵԯǿԼǰһܰԼһ
ξ뵽ﲻɵô˸ŻǵȻȥ֮Ժٸ¸ףɣǾתһߡ
ξܵĴ˵Щǰˣֻһεؿ¸衣
ԯ䵹ǲں˵Ŀ⣬ڸξ֮ŷ¸Ǳⲽȥ
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507 뿪

ô
ԯ¸˵ĵһ仰ֻм򵥵֡
ӷ¸³ھȴû۲ۡ
ֻԯںһ㣬ǰĵһ䲢ǹҲףأһ򵥵ʺ
ʵеʱһĵǱҪ
Ϊԯ¸Իùڣһве⡣
ھôʱĴ򶷣ԯ䵹ǾЩķ¸裬Ϊⳡеƣ
Ͼ˭ġ¸Ҳ已̥
˵ߣͨ˶ָο¸أ
ӺǰĴ飬ҲΪ֧ϳ˺ߣ¸ôʼ˶еʣǰûģ
ǻٶЩ۵ġ
¸ԯĿж顣
̧ͷȥʱԼҲ̲ס˼˿೤ζ
ξ¸ĿҲ˼֣Լԯǰܹ׵ķ
Ƿ¸迪ʼԯ俿
κԵ̫࣬Է¸ûҼǰҪȻĻҪʱһԯ䣬úõĿϢһ¡
ΪֻԯΨһıܷۣҲֻܹһԼƣ
˷¸룬ԯɨһܣƺһƬףķΧ
һʱıʵ̫գԸǴ˼ѹ
һֱķΧУӰ쵽ˡ
ԯ䵹Ҳֻܶ龰ʾ⣬ſĻ˻ҷ¸ȥЩ顣
Ͼ¸ӮⳡھҪܾͲֹһ
ҪӦָ£÷¸ۡ
ԯ䲻߶ʮһֱӸ˷¸ĶߣȻ˵Ժӣʣµ
š¸΢Цŵͷ֣ԯֻϡ
΢΢ԯϣһͬԺȥƺΧһжܹٴһ
˿⸱ӣֿ໥˵ӰĳԴϡ
˸ûпһ棬ǽעתƵϡ
˻Թ߶һ磬ԯʼŷ¸ԼصԼԺӡ
ԯ۷¸ôǿԼ˵һЩʲôԼҪϢĻʱҪʵʱġ
۵ʱ򡣡
Ĺǳ׵ĸһˣһε½С
ʼĿ죬Ҳ죬ô飬ȴֻһ˲֮һ
˵һգ۱ȥˣյõĽڵ۶˵ȴǺõġ
ԴҶһ֮ûам˺ܶӣ鶼ûü
Ҳܹҵ飬ԴϢһܹ֮õȫµòװ
֮ǰӮĹܹھľǵ۶֮ǵ۶
ڷ¸Ϣ֮ԯ仹潫һж׼ˣҲ׵
ûκΪһη¸˹ھԷ¸ԸԳĺúõϢһ¡
֮󣬷¸ϢˣƺҲû벻֪һҲԯźˡ
¸谲źһ֮Ȼ˻
ͬϳһĽһεĹ䣬Ҫͬ뿪̤ϻȥó̡
ͬѧǣҲʱص۶ˡ²˳٣ӾͻǣҿʰһĴ䣬Ǿһͬ뿪
緹ʱ䣬۶ĸ˵۶ѧԱͲ͵Ժӣһ顣
žͲûдǣȻ뿪
ʵ˼ʳʱ򣬲Ҳ˼ˣҵĶúؼֵܡ
ȴû˵ЩʲôһҲעʦǼ֮һ·ȥ
ȺʦһͲͣҲܲǰףҲΪ¶һˡ
еҲûʲô
ΪЩҲȤڻʲôӰ죬ҲȫûмƽڲڣȻ͸ѧԱֱ
֮󣬵۶ĸ˳ŷ¸ЦЦ뿪ˡ
ýھͲ͵ʱĿûг·Ӱ泩˲١
˸ǴҲͲҪȥˡ
ڵʦת뿪֮һȺֶը˹
һʼհķͼ令ʳξ⣬˼ߴߴĳһȺ
ȻˣҲȽ䵭ļˡ
˴ڼ˷ܵ״̬ҶΧ˵˵ǿȥòڡ
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508 ֮ǰ

̫ˣĳʳȻǲǼǹôҲЩԲߣȻЩ۶ʳˡ
ôһ䣬ֱ̬͸ξеһƴ
ĻԵļϵ˶Щ̿
˶ǾδôŻؼιĻǳԵģҲδ̫Ŀ˰ɣ
ҶĹϵãɴֱӶź٩
һۣûж˵ʲôȻͽζĿʼϵķͷ·ղ˵۶ʳ˲һ
Թ緹֮˾ͿʼصԼԺ֮ڣʰҡ
¸˵Ķֻ࣬Ҫ򵥵İһ£Ϳ·
ҴװУ¸ӵؾˣ֮⻹Դ浽ؾ֮ڡ
ǵĶʲôûдҲʲôûдȥʱֿտյġ
ʵϲǣҲˡ
ۿžҪ뿪ˣǵҪĴ䡣
ξһ뷨Ǿֱӽλ鶼е˸ǰ뷨
òһˣķҲǴͬһֲ֪ʲôʱ򡣲ص۶֮ǰɡ
ξһ˷ܵĸ˵֮󣬷¸˶˼
ԯ䵹ûô˼ֻ̧̧ۿһ·¸裬˳Ĭ֮С
뷨ȡڷ¸룬ȻҲû̫⡣
¸ֻһ˼һ£ֱӵͷӦ
ҾҲһ˶ѾϣûʲôҪȥ£ǵİҲʰˣֻҪȴ·ʣµһʱ䣬ͳ賿ѧԺȥĴ䡣
¸ͬ⣬ξֱӻһԵҲԼ뷨
֮ǻûг賿ѧԺĴء賿ѧԺ֮˵Ҫһ·飬ҲµģҪҲ鲻ʲôĳȥ䣬ҲҲһЩµĸܡ
һͬһԺӵģԶǵгָơ
һһЩҲ;һͬǰȥ
һȥˣ¸ԺӵһЩ飬Ǿ顣
Ժӵȥ֪ͨ˵ĻƺҲáǾȥ֪һ£һ𣬲ĻҲǾһˡ
ЩǷ¸ƽʱʱ򶼲ȥ£Ϊʱ򶼲ҪһЩ޹ؽҪ롣
Щȴͬ󲿷ֵѾǳΪ˻顣
Ȼ鲻ر񣬿ǱϾһȺֵϿɵꡣ
Է¸ȻҲǴҵƷҲ޿ɺǵġ
˵Էȥ벻ȥҲԼ£ʱҲԼ뷨ᡣ
ⲻǿȣʲôϵİܣֻòԵѯһ¡
ĸûʲôϵ
˷¸֮ξһӧ
ѽֻǼ˵ĻԵЩ̫ˣȻ˵ĻͽҰɣھȥɳǣ
˵֮ξͷһسԺӣȻ˸ԺȥɳϪѰǡ
ɳϪѰǵԺӾڸڣͬǸڵĻά˹ǵԺӡ
Ժã
ξѡɳϪѰǵԺӣʣµȴûа취ֱȥںά˹
ǱϾֻܹά˹˵ҪˣʱǷЩΡ
˵Դһ֮Ѿͣ˲١
ѾϵΪҲŲˡ
ټ֮ǰ飬ȶЩĥԣһʱ֮ڣûа취֮ǰʾˡ
һûа취ǰһߡ
˵ﲻôȻֻˣҴ˸Ҫô죬ҪôЩԹ
ǱϾһά˹ȥ֪ͨĻѵҲϡ
ԴҶԵ΢һЩΪѣԯȫȥЩģΪЩ´ûκιϵ
¸һƽЩʲôӦҲǵķݡ
Ӹά˹ǲ죬˸ǲ죬ȥԺȥ֪ͨ¸ֲˡ
ڳʣµĸֻһȥ֪ͨǡ
һһȦ۾̾˿ξһӧ
ֳǱȥɣϾҺһϵҲرΡҸɴֳֻ֪ͨˣȻҲԼ̬ȡȥһͬȥǲȥҲֻᵱˡ
-

509 

һ˵Ȼͬģջһȥ˸ڵԺӺˡ
ո̤Ժ;ԺӲԼԺ컶ЦҲԾĺܡ
һ͸оЩģЩơ
ûξĻ룬ȱߴߴԵһЩį
һԼֳļ䷿ڣǾֱǰš
ԽýĽŲɿĴӲԶ˹һűƿά˹һҰ
Լĵܵܣά˹̻Цݣһѯ
һôˣǲʲôҪ˵˵
ά˹һ˵ţһ߾Ҫһ
ȻһȴֱſڰֳԺ뵱ӵ˵
ģԺӵѾʰңҲˡΪҪ뿪ˣòһԴҪȥ䡣һԺӵûҪһģ
仰һ˫أ˵УܹԺӶõ
ͬʱҲԼֳԼ֮˵ԭ
˵ά˹ЦЦ̵ͷӦ͸һ
ˣԺֻһˣ绹ʦѾܵش˵۶ؼֵҲһͬȥˡ
һ棬ΪԺԼ֮ûκεĶһԼֳĻ˲ȻҲΪǵԺ徲
ʱҲǣһֱΪǶûˣʼնԼԺ
һȻͻȥˣӿǾԼΪȻϵˣڶʱ֮ڻоȣԾ͸ǰǲͻȥˡ
Щһ飬һҲҪ£˵ͷûжʡ
ʹԼֳһͬص˷¸ǵԺ
ξʹŸԺӵ˻ˣԺӵ˴ӦĶʮʹ죬ҴҶҪô׼Ϳֱ̤г̡
ά˹ǵԺģֻά˹һɳϪѰǵԺӾҪˡ
ȫվһ
ǧ˵Ѿˣ˵Ѿûʲô󰭣ɱϾǱѾ˵ģҲûʸˡ
˵¸ϵһӮ˹ھǾʮָ˵ġ
ͺ֮ǰЩ𶼱¸æһ
ѾܹһվԺҲܹķһͬȥ棬¸ȻǱο
ξʹ˶ʮĵͺǹˣͺһӦһ͵ģƽʱһһԻ
ټҶǰ԰ģ˼ֱͺǵ۶ϷһһͼΪ֣ò
ԳƽʱûʲôܵĽԵҲȽ䵭
ʵϾΪ̫죬ûʲôıʾҲܹһŵÿ
ɳϪѰǷŲӾˡ
ʱҲԸ֣ĲеĻƺҲ
ѾܹóںŬˣƾһվһԿ˾ܹó
ģֱһ˴һȺСȻˣȺ廹¸ԯ䡣
¸ҲǸɳϪѰ״̬վһЦſߴߴ
˶ûˣûкǺϲˣȻǺܴ󣬿ȴ֡
ԯ͸˵ˣǰһģֻи¸赥һ𣬻ֻڷ¸ǰʱŻչ¶һ档
֮ܶǾһˣһû˲ˡ
˶ʮ죬һͬѧԺ˾Ľֵ
Ľֵ˺ܶ࣬ȴԵӵ£˾ʮʡ
ξڶǰ棬˾ɵõĳ˸Ǹ̾һ˵֮ǰĹע㶼ڱˣܹúõĿˣ
˵ģ˵֮ǰڵ۶ʱҲסǣķ
ǵ۶ûĶһϣȴʮֵƽ׽һκ˶ܹʸ̤
ÿ֮Ҳûദĸң֮䶼ܹݣӶƽ͵Ĺ
ʵķΧǺѵõģȺǿʤķӣѾ൱ˡ
⻰һ˵ģһֱŵĶǵ鹢ڻ
ʵҲȷˣҪǿӣͷ·綼һ
-

510 ȥ

һڽϹ˺ܾãѵ÷һء
еԯͷ¸һͬ廧һ㣬ƽҲû˹ܡ
Ǵ˶Լļģƽٲѵ͸ָ£Ļ¶˵Ҳʮѵõġ
ܹʱ⿴ȥޱȣҲܹǼ£ڽҲܹһֱǵסһ̡
ѵʶȺѣ˵۶ɲҪٻصǰϣǵĹϵܹһֱ˰ɡ
⻰Ǻ˵ģȻƽ￴ȥξûʲô𣬶Ǵֵӣּ²ۡ
ǵʱЩϧĸоˣӾ֪ȷһںⷽĸˡ
ֻ˵ҶĻǱǺѣ֮ޱȣȻϵ
ǺҲ֪˶ҲʮֲҪȻҲ˽һĻ
ȻҶˣʱͬͬʹһԵ֣ǼԺص˵۶ܳʱ֮ڶûϵĻҲЩһ
ôģȻҲ˻ԼǣԾ
Ļ˶һЩпǧζ¸񶼰һЩ
ʵҲҪȴξЩѣԺԵֵĻܹûԵֵĻ֮ļ¾͵˽ˡ
Ϊ¸ĺܣԯ䲻ģǴ½
˵ĸȴҲżİС
ﲻǵĹޣһǻһ뿪
ʱԵ֣Ȼڶ֮Ⱥٴ
ûԵ֣һӶͬһˡ
ҪĴӦξԼ˵ҲǺ̵ܲġ
ΪҪǵһӵĻĿ¾Լˡ
ʱҪһ˶ԳеЩѱȴļ䣬ǼΪпģԷ¸ϡ
ΪķϵĻҪȴǲˣֻΪԼŲϰ
շ¸ֻЦЦ˶ûпڣѡ˳Ĭʱ򣬷¸˵Լ뷨
ǲǵЩҪԵԻ
˵֮ǰȥԯȻǸԡ
һһңȥͷ·翵Ĳ硣
˿ǵıӰƷζŷ¸˵仰֪ӦǺá
ɵξû˵һ仰֪дŵĺʲô
һҪʱеҲֻʣףԸ
ҪڲõĽĻҲֻܹԼӵŬ
ܹվͬһλãܹŬĸǵĲ
Ĳ˵ҲҪͬһ磬ĻŻһԶʧ˵ꡣ
֮ҲûüˣϽһķ֮ͻٵĻѧԺ
ôһ֮˵˵ǳأҲ˵졣
źܶ˶ȴһͬˣ˵ջҪ𣬵ܹҪѧӦ
Ͼÿ˶ԼԶĳΪ˵ߡ
ڶһÿ˶𴲣ͷ·鶼ûзһ
ΪʱѾѧԺĵʦˣ˵Ҫ̡
Ӵ峿ʱȻǲʲô鶼ûзһļ˯
ͷ·Ҫȥμӱʱһ˸磬ȻڸԵԺ֮󣬵ʦʹһͬ賿ѧԺⲿ
ʱֱ˴һͬ˵۶
ȥʱȻѾʱͬʱд˷ܣ˶һܹ֮ң⡣
ڵѾûʱ˷ܡ
һοʱǾŵģһûмӡ
ʱǷȥʱҲͬˣܶ˶ϰˣѾûʲô
ʵҲΪһĹ֮иǴĶ̫࣬Ѿûлȥ
ܾǼûмֻҪʶ˸ΪĶѾ㲻ʲôˡ
ֻҪʶ˸Ϊ͵ĳ棬صĴƴ
Ϊʲô
֮ܶʱѾûȥ顣
Ϊȥ֮ǻҪиԵ֮ǰһУͷ·һҵķ֮͵Ȼʧ˵Ұ֮ڡ
ǲҲǣǵص죬һоָֻƽճ
ЩѻѾٳԼУǵľԶάϵһģž˵Ļ塣
-

511 Ƽ

ոŵ۶˾Ͳòֿˡ
۶ǺܴģǸǴҪ
ѧԺѧԺȻһ˵ǼȻͬķ
οŸյ۶ȺĴ󲿷˶ǲֱӻѧԺҪصﱨһģȻȻҲٸһͬнȥ
ŵ۶֮ҲֻܴҴҸ
ԺȻҾͲʱһͬסԺˣǿɲҪǰһᾭġ
뿪ʱ򣬻ͷǵʼϧ
˿⸱ģЩЦͬʱָдĶࡣ
ϾҲ˶ʯĳͬദôãֶѵõĻ顣
ȻﶼпܺټˣֲЩԸˡ
һԾξһҲѡ˳ĬûлظĻ
֪Ҳ龰˵֮ѵһвǰ׷ѡ
֮󻹻磬ҲʲôرΪѵ顣
տҶʵӦϧĳӲĸѧԺʦһͬˡ
ǡѧԺڣϷԾͬһȥ
˿ֲ֪Ǻá
ɳϪѰȻȥҲûʲô壬ҲҪصб
ͷ·һһ΢˵ͷ֮󣬾ֱת뿪Ƿ糾͵ģһᡣ
Ϊ֪ΪΣ˵ߵĺܿЩ¿ζ
ʵЩɳϪѰദ˶ᵽ¶»ǰһŴġ
˵һǺͯ鶭ϵ·ҲӦټ¼ŵȥ˲ǡ
ʣµѧԱֻаˣ˶ѧԺѧԱԳкͶǧˡ
¸תߣξ֮󣬻ͷһۡ
ǧ˺ԳлվԭǶ˵ѧԺͬһ̲סѯʡ
Ҫȥôڻ᲻÷ֵ𰡣
ԳվһޱĿǣҲûж˵ʲôûлشξĻ
ǶǧʱѵõЦЦͳ΢˸ҳԵл
ڷֵ֮ǰҪ˵ллǵĻҵ²ǱˣҵͷҲһܹҳ˭֡ҲܸлұϵǶʱ֮ǶҵչˣѾָĲˣҲǡ
˵֮δȷ¸˻ػָָߵԳС
˵ѧԺͬһ򣬿ԳҪԼңҪȻضμҸﱨһ֪ҵ֮ĵҪҵûȥһˡļͬһԾһͬǰˡ
һ⻰˶Ȼԭζǧ֮û˽ӣΪԳеĻ͡
ʵ֮ǰǾ˽õԼҺͶμҵĹϵΪһƬ֮Уǲ
ǲ˽⡣
֮ǰǧ˺ԳҲûʲô̫ԵĻ֮ǰȫ˽˵Ĺϵжõġ
һĻҶ˵ֹϵöϣ˹ϵþͶںˡ
ϾֻʮҪõѲŻʱ䵱ͬһĽɫŸոպһЩĶǧ˻صԼļ塣
ܿһĻ¸˶ǷһЩģҲΪ˶еο
ȻԳлĻҲͷˡҲ̫ģϵ˺ܿͻȬġ
¸Цųǧ˵֮󣬾ʹ̤˻صѧԺ·̡
ǧ˺ԳҲǵıӰ˻֣һͬŶ߶ȥ
۶ĲǽǾĸȥҲԵ֡
˸ոûԶһξ룬ǰһӲ֮͡
ãȲҪѧԺˣһͬƼҰɡ
ûһԲ֮͵ͷƷ
ƷԴһα̭֮Ҳûн油ѧԱķΧڣһη¸ȥμĹ䣬Ȼûλá
ֻû뵽һθոյ˵۶ѧԺķû߼ͻᱻһƼ˸
¸üȻû״ǲԼΪҪĻǾֱӳڷʡ
Ŷ֪ƼҴү⾿ʲô˼ѲҪȥﻹҪƼ𣿡
Ʒû뵽¸ʣתһ潻ԼԾԼȴҲֻӲͷƤ·¸衣
ã벻ҪΪˣҲǼ˼ұһԶл֮󣬾ͲСùô
-

512 

ƷеСùȻָҲǷ¸ĸˡ
ֻû뵽ǣڰﶼͨһЩܵķʽͨ
Ƿϵⷽ飬ĲƼҵģδҵҲ̫һЩ
¸ҲˣԼƺҲ̫ᣬԸûж롣
ֻΪüԼĸʵΪơ
Ϊ¸賤׵ԭԿ˸Լĸ׳ƫƵƷ֮ͲɵõЩ
˵ƷҲûʲô֮ǰƼȫȻ֪
һסԼмĻҲԲȻǱŹסԼġ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôԼһƼҡ
ƼԼҪӣ˵Լһε˹ڣҪԼȥΪƼʡ
κη¸ľΡ
ǾԼƼûаëǮϵ֮ǰǿధǴƼҰѧԺ
ȻûɴӦҪȻܾˡ
Է¸˰֣ЩòؾܾƷҪ
֣ʵǲ˼ĸպȻ磬鷳һζһˡ
˳ϵǣƷĻ֮󣬾Ȼûٴγвڰ
ֱӿѾ֪˽һĵ˵ͷͷ·һѾϵ˵һ㡣
οȻΪƼҴ٣ȴûƼҵ޳
Զ飬Ҳ£ֻǱȳִһƺһ°ˡ
˵СùõĹϵҲǲ
ԼôҲԲܶԼСùõŮº֣ǿԵĴء
һ˺ܶƼˣǷҪӲĵĻһǲҪԼı֣ǲҪԼǰԼһֵ֪þıö֡
ðɣȻ㲻ҪƼҵĻҲˡʵҲ֪ͷ׸ʲô۶ӣȥľҲǿԺʲôѣңұȻȫ
⻰ûȷ¸˵Щʲôξ;ʺš
Ϊȫ֪Ʒ﾿ʲô˼
ȥǴʮǿӲ¸ƼҵģȻ˵Ļ
ȻƷͷ·ǿξɻһȻ֪¸ĺܣ
ضҵĶɣΪСùƽʮֲһԸġ͵ǿСùõķϰɣΪҵѪԵҲ
ţ֪ˣлл
η¸ѵõûзǵͷ΢ЦԼϵı⡣
ʵҲƷ˵Ļûʲô̫ë֮ǰѧԺʱĸоҲǲ
ӡҲǼõģûжԼʲô飬ЩԼе޹ϵ
ټԼĸ׸鵹ǲܹϲѹԼĸ׵ķ϶ԼѾֵԼ𾴵ˡ
Է¸ҲĬĬļƷΪԼݣͬʱҲʾһϿɣֻûбֳˡ
Ʒͷ֣ʹƼҵļõһߣǼѧԺߵ·óһ
ǶֹƺҪֹƼҴٵΪ
ǿǿӲ̬ϣҲû˵ЩʲôƷƼҲЩλ
ƷǣԼһѾ൱ĸԼˡ
ȻĻ˾ѷֵʲôĻ֪
ʵƷССùãҲġ
ʦƼ棬Ҳ֮ǰһֱԷ¸رõ游
飬ȻǱ˼ҵ˸Ҫ֪һЩ
˶ԷѡȨԷָԼһЩӣҲ޿ɺǵ顣
˫رѿ˵Լ޷游ѹ
Ҫʲô۶ӣҲ游Լŭʶ
뵽ƷҲͷЩڷ¸뿪֮Ҳʹżǻȥˡ
¸˸һ·ŲѧԺȥ
ոյ˵۶ŵ㣬ѧԺʮңԶǼһ˶õĽų̣ȴҲ͸ƽ෹Ĺûʲô
ٶȣеʦҲû̫ҲʮС
Ҳпһһ˳񣬸۶Ӯ˹ڣ˲١
һ¸Ķ£ʧӰˡ
еغСξһЩıӰʦЩʲô
-

513 ף

ۿϾҪѧԺǲͬԺӵԼߵ꼶ˣ˵Ǻ͵ʦҪֵʱ򣬵ʦͷ·ͻȻ֮ʲô顣
ΪһʦҲһͬǰȥָл˵۶
һδӵʦҲֻһҲ޿ɺǵġ
͸Ͻվס˽ţعͷͳĽŲһͬվķ¸˷ԸΪһֱͬһԶ´֪ټһ·ûʦңҲԺ˵һΪ۶Ӯ飬ҲܸлΪѧԺĸһ׼صΪǾٰһ칦磬Ҳףһһεʤ
⵹ڷ¸˵֮ģΪû뵽һξȻôĺ䶯Ժ԰׼ⳡ칦硣
Ҳ޿ɺǵ飬֮ǰǴδ˵Ĺ䡣
ӲͬӦУܹóĹڸӷ滹ǷǳҪġ
ܹӮⳡԺҲΪ
ڸջʱ;ٰⳡ칦磬ȻҲ޿ɺǣǷ¸˾ЦŴӦˡ
Ȼ˵ĻʦˡʱǻڸԵԺȴ֪ͨԼġ
ǵͷӦʦ֪ԼĻˣҲǸǺúõĽһ¡
ʱȻǰӦϾȺ˴󲿷ֶǡ
Ƿ¸Ӯ˹ڵ˽۶ȥμĹô࣬Ҵ󲿷ֶѧԺġ
油ԱѧԺȫԱ˵ǸѧԺ档
ǱҪףһµģԼĻҲѾ˶ԷѾӦ
ʦҲͲҪǸǻֵ֮뿪
ѾûٸңҲ¡
ȻҲͷ࣬ûʲôڼƽϵĶ
ҶֵڳѧԺʱֱת뿪˲ԶңҲǻؼʮҹһ
ӸǲͬһԺӵģڽѧԺ֮Ҳֵˡ
ֻʣ·¸衢ԯξһͬǵԺȥ
ûߵԺӵʱ򣬾ԶԶĿǵԺ߹ˡ
ͬסһԺӵĳ硢ƽԼһ
¸Ѿֱãһ˵ǹȻǰӦ
Ӵ缸ˣȲļѽ
ξһЦǼ˳ȥǰһס˳ƽ
˵һԺ֮ڵļ˹ϵǲҪõĹϵȴҲܲסÿ˵ʹȻ
ͱ˵ǳ翴ȥʮȣദãҲȵӡ
˵ƽҲạ̊́ǼǸһþǧ֮Ҳû˿
ȥҲǲദֻ˾ƽ쳣侲һ㡣
ʣµУһǸЩ
ֻӿȥȻģȴԼ뷨
һûκεĻҲر𵥴һˡ
κ飬ԿƺЩ޴ġ
ȻΪӣԺܶʱ岻
ƽǶ˵Ҫõö࣬ҲԺԸξЦˡ
һξֵĳǰȥȻһǸƽֵܵĹ
¸ԯҲŲ죬ֻξ档
ȻҲС
һԺӵʮҪõĻ飬ôʱ䲻ξ¸ԯ䣬ȻҲǱŵġ
ˣҪɵĻǽݰɣվҲǸ¡οԺ׼˺ܶʳ͵ǻˡ
һߵЦţһֹҪɵ뷨
ҪȽӭԺҪ·վš
˭֪һĻξȻƲƲ죬ʮֲķôôۼֿѽû׼˵ĻҾͿٶ¸һˣȻһǸһͬȥ𣬿¸ȴЩǰչ¶գҺóһʱ䶼ûгԵ¸Ŀˣˣ
͡ξĻٿӦƽʱӵЦ
һ߲۽Цᣬһ߿ʼξ٩
ȥһȦǰ־ûǣֻҪһʳ¸Ŀ⣬治֪ȥΪ˳ʶΪ˳ʳ
һƽﶼǺģǴʱһԲʵҲֻǺϲ˵Ļˡ
ǽȻѵõطӦ˹ҪôһԲҪôһﾪˡ
ǵֻΪˣ
һ仰ʱҭξ޻˵һЦԾܹټӲȥҲֻεͷ
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514 칦

һ·ĻЦ¸ԼԺ֮ڡ
ıһ֮󣬷¸ִӦξһαضһο⡣
ξ̵ĻԼӣҾúõϢһ¡
¸˾һ·ĳ;棬һԼĹǴĲͬĸܣȻǻ¶еƣ
ȻƣʹǲĥǣȻҲ޿ɺǵġ
¸迴ȥҪ࣬Ͼڸոս˾һ죬ԯΪ׼һС
ͺúõϢһ£ǻˣҲûôƣ
ԯ͸˵ˣȥֱһĴڣ֮ǰ;һԶ֪ƣˡ
μʱ򣬾;˶Ǵһַǳ״̬ġ
ƺϲĵ飬ľƣ¡
ʵξҪӲ˵ĻҲãΪ˵ȫܡ
ÿ춼賿ѧԺ洦䣬ռһ¸İϢ˵ڳϵ٩һٺúõĿǸı
ͷҲûôţӲҪ˵۵Ļܾǿˡ
ҲֻϢһ£ܿͻ˹
ϴʦ֪ͨǵʱ칦׼ʮִæ
ⱾǼµģȻ칦ĻǵȻҪڱһʱ֮ھУԲ̫á
һǸոջصѧԺԼԺϢ˼죬̵õҪǸϽǰȥμ칦֪ͨ
ǰʦѶϢ˵ʱѧԺþ칦䣬Ҫǰ
ξܺ˴֮󣬾ͽϢԺеˡ
ʱ˿̴ҶۼڻĴɢξϢȻÿ˵Ķ
⻹ûϢ죬Ҫ׼칦ˣѧԺһ̶ţ¹ȥ
ƽ֪ģһ칦֮죬̲סЦ˵
¸ԯһ۶û˵Щʲôֻգգ۾Ѿ칦ʲôԴ
ʵҪ˵ĻԷ¸ԯӾ֪ǾԲ
˵ҲнʱģĳɾͷСҲ̸
иߵľڵȴǣ鵹Ҳرڴ
׽ҲǺõģϾ׼Ҳ칦磬һϲ£ȻҪõȥġ
˵ܻûбϿȥ칦ҪЦӭ
ԵõϢ֮ȻҲ˴㡣
칦翪ʼǰһĵϣ¸;Լŵԣξ׼һٷʢĿ⣬ٿξڴѾõġ
һε֮ʮ뿪֮ǰǾͳһٿ⣬˵Ǻúõıһ١
ôʱȥˣξʳְʳ˵ֱĥ
ڳٿ⣬ˣ¸ȻҲȥ֮ǰһģѼСӵĳԱԼֵܶˡ
ʵ˶ǴͬһѧԺĻôǧҲֳ
ΪԼ̫Զ˵ĹϵοҲǣ˭عԼĿ⣬Է¸ȻҲûʢ롣
ξڳſʱ飬Ϊϧ˵š
СҲᰮԳԺȺȣûĻʵ̫ϧˡ
ȷ⻤ʿչ¶˼ǰöԷóԾ𣿡¸ûסЦ
ξξһʱ֪˵Щʲôá
û˵Щʲôʱ򣬹ѫЦŽӹ˻硣
Ҿƾ⻤ʳӣǽ˱ǰƿ⸱ʳӣĺøжȶ
⻰󡣡ϼҲ̲סϿɵĵ˵ͷ
һ϶ʱôЦ
ξһһջû˵Щʲô
Ǹͷԣͷһٰ⣬Եøˡ
һ˵Ǳ軹Ҫ룬ҽζĳ¸µĿ⣬˸ǾЩЦ
ֵʱǶݵģܿҾͳԱ㣬Ȼɢ
Ψʣ¶ӳŵԲԲξԭ˼ŸղųԿʱ龰
ô£ʱҷӵˣѵǴ˵еϧ𣿡
Ҫ֪ˣԹĿ˵ĻĶȻһٿĻ鶼ˡ
Ҳͳ׵ĸһˣ֮Ҫľٰһ칦硣
ΪǵζҪμӵģرһζ˹ڵķ¸衣
ȺȻҪģ칦籾ҲʲôرĽĿϰΪ顣
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515 

ڽˣˡξһ߲һǵԺӡ
ԭ칦ˣһһһȺһȺߡ
Ҫ˵칦ϾʲôӲҪ˵ĻҲûʲô˵ġ
ֻԺͻȻ´󷢣ÿһʸμĹ˶ȥһԡ
Ȼˣ˽ҲδԼؼֵ⣬Ǽ˿˵Ƕˡ
һʵô˵Ҳ̨ͨ죬ջǷԡ
ѻתƵξߵʱһоͺ񶼱òһˡ
ξҲҪȥԣֻһεСýζ
ˣ̨²֧żӸԺ˰ʱ
Ժ沿鶼²˺ޱ飬ȻǿԵĽξ̨
ʱ˵˺ܶҲֱܾӽҸȥɣѲҾͲҪӵˣ
ξͬԺӵļͬǰʼɴ۾߿ࡣ
ǾøղԺΪЩ֣˵ĶǿЦĻԺҲû
ͬҲ֪ξԲŸġ
¸һ̿˸ղ飬ֱЦ
ûסЦԯƫͷһ۷¸衣
û˼֣ķ¸ĺףʵ¸Դ
˻ûü˵ޱؿʼ²ξ
ѲԼöҵĻҲ̨ǵ˴ҵʱ䣬̨ϲ֪ڷݽ֪ĻΪ˹ڣڷʤһֱ˵Ļģ¸˵ʮ
԰ɡһ˳Ļ֮ҡͷ񶨣ְڳһ˼ŵӡ
ξ˷ܼˣΪһͨĽڰԼ˵ˡ
һĻ׵ξ޻˵
ʮĹҪһٱˡ˵ĻһҲûξһ˶࣬ѹԺҪ̨ȥ
ٴ̿¸ոЦݣһЦˡ
ЦøӲãԯظĺ󱳣ֹ¸һЦǺ
Цôģξߣÿ˵ҲӵԹ
Цһ֮󣬻Ƿ¸Ӹͣ
ЦˣžԼ뷨
Ҳûʲô̫ĻˣҲ죬Ҫµˣʲô뷨𣿡
˷¸ĻҲͣȫ˼
ξΨһһԯһͬȥμĹˣʱҲֱԼ
ŸոȥμĹ֮ǻûϹΣԽһʱػҪص༶ϿˣԿԹһÿҪϿεʱˡ
¸˵ͷҲϿξ뷨
ŽʱҪЩʲôϸһ룬ȷʵӦѧУʵʵһʱĿγˡ
ȻĽʵһЩܷѧԺĽѧʮֲġ
¸ҲԴ˱Ƚ⣬Ȼ˵ĻһʱҪϿΣǾͲȥĶ
¸ȻҲͷ˲٣иǰ
ֻףξ˵˵ʱ⣬ϿεĻҪϸҪԼ
ͬʱڿʱ䲻ͣѵϿεʱڵĽȣʱȻиָСͻ
Խһʱ֮ڣܼչػǸѰĽˡ
¸˵Դٴν죬ƷǱڻ˼֮󣬹Ȼܵ
Ϊ˵˵ҲƼҴ١
ԼǴҶΪҪһȴҲ²ʲô֡
һ˶ɫĺ󱲣ҲֻһĵȰ˵
ﰡȻô˵ĲǿϸãôҲƼҵˣ㲻Ļһֱô죿
Ʒ⻰üͷ⻰ʵ̫ǿʶˡ
Ϊ൱⣿
˵ԼļһֱûиԷʲôգֺǿȶԷʼҪԷصԼļأ
ƷߣҲ˼ͷ游Ӧ˸ǲҶԼֶš
ƷһҲûзԼĿûз˵ĻֻƮƮһ仰
ֶԹǺɢģôǿȣҲӦףܶʱǿŤĹ϶ǲġ
˵֮Ʒ۾̾˿֮Ҳ˶ԼʲôĿƮƮȻת뿪
֮ʹ֮ǰһ¸ֶ֮Թ
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516 ĵƼ

ƷĻ֮ƼҴһƬžܹϵһ廨붼ü
ȻʱҶƽΪͨʲô顣
Ȼһе뷨Ȼ˸ı䣬ȴ˲ġ
Ҫ˰ɡ
ƼҼ˵ǺԼȴǱȽϿƷġ
ĻǾЩķĴ㡣
΢ı뷨ȴ˶ܹϾҪķ⡣
ҵУ뷨Ǿ÷¸ǳֵõǼӦñձġ
ֳ˵Ͳˡ
˵⻰ƼҶүҲǷ¸Ķ⡣
ԼֳпҪĴ㣬˲䲻ķ˵Լ뷨
һУҲǲ˽ġֱӽתƵϡ
ЩԼµƣʼʱƼҴ£¸ԭ
ΪüᶨҲ鵱˽ڡ
вԼ˵Щ֮΢ͷ֪ԼĹ۵㻹Ͽɵġ
ӦͣȻҪ˵ȥˡ
ֱǴһ¸ĹΪ۶Ӯ˹ڣɼʵжôǿ󡣵ҩǳɫڵ۶ѧԺ֮ڣǿеǿߡһ󱲣ĻǺӦóὫߣĻƼҲܹõվȽŸ
ȻԭѾ˵ļⷬʱȼϣ
ļҶʼ˵˻
Ҿöү˵еڲĻˣһҪڳȴ
ԣҲöү˵ĻҪУҪȻĻᷢʲô飬Ҳȶƣ
ƼҵĵλвʱٲЩ취ĻпܾͻᱻĴ壬ǱЩŬˣ
һʱ֮ڵͬڶ֪ԼĿĴﵽˣʵҲȷΪҪŹ¸һ⡣
ΪƼ룬ΪôĻƼҽηչδ֪
ԱҪ֮ǰһЩİ취ܹ콫
Ҫ˭ȥôأ˷ﶼ˵£˾͸
ֹؽԼ뷨˳
Ļ䣬û˵꣬ƼҶүҲֿʼĵı֤
ȻﲻҪȥĻͽҰɡȥǸСѾͷ̸ͲҶˣԸصƼң
һӦ˾ͷ׷׵ͷʾͬϿɡ
ֱӽĿת˴ʱ˿λƼҼѯ
ֳΣ鲻ͽ֣Ҳܹȷﴦøá
ԭƼҼֿⷬ˵뷨֮󣬾ҲֻͷϿˡ
ӧȻûвͬĵ
룬ֱ֮Ͽɡ
Ȼô˵ĻҲģҲһʶ¾ǽҲ޿ɺǵģȻ˵Ļȥɡ
õϿ֮˵ֱӳ
ʵ뷨ӧ֮ǰѾصһϵеıϴʩ
Լȥҷ¸֮󾿾Ҫ˵ģ޷Ҳհˡ
ϴĺûᣬҲԿԽ¸ֱ¡
ֻΪȥƷӲӲʱȻŲò˹ȥ
ԼȥĻӲʩգҲܹ¸£ԼһͬصƼҲǡ
飬⿴ȥʵҲΪģԲҪӲؽȥ
Ψһܹüİ취ǽ¸ߣҲص֮ڡ
ֻҪӦǾԲƼңҲƼҷġ
ֻҪһƼұضϡ
Ϊڷ¸ӰѾ𽥵˳֮ǰûκεĸܣȴòϴ
£ٲúõİһݣôƼҾûˡ
Ƽʧ֮ǰԼؽ¸£ҪȻĻ롣
СѣƷﲻҽδزҽԷ¸͵Ұɣ
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517 

Ƽ뿪֮󣬾ֱѧԺҷ¸̸
ֺߵѧԺſڵʱȴִŽգҪǿд룬ȴֱ
λǰкιɣԺʦĿ⣬ˡд
⻰ԭֺĴֱӽҷ¸⣬ǿʼӵ۾
û뵽ԼߵһȴȻֱӱ˸ȥĻԼӰ졣
ʹһ㣬Լݿܷ¸ѧУ
⻰ʲô˼˵ͷѲǲʶʲô㾹Ȼ᲻֪ҿƼҵĶңǷܹĿݣ
ŵʦ˳ǣ֪ԷûԼ˼ǾֳŶԷĵĽ
Ƽҵǰãǵ˼˵ֻĿ˲ܹѧԺڣϾҪ֤ʦճԼ徲
˵֮ǵʦֿʼ˼˴Ŀġ
֮ǰҲˣÿҵĵҵǰΪ̽Լӵܡ
ͿʼţǷһǰҲΪѰԼӵܣԾ̽Եѯʡ
һ̽ƼҵĵӣĿģƼҵĵֻƷһˣѰѧˡ飬ƼǰӦĺܲǡ
һԷ²Լ뷨ԭԬ⻹Ǻܸ˵ģǺһ˵ԼҵֻƷһɫ
ֱʼĿ˵ʮֲˣԼȥҷ¸裬ҲϣΪԼҵӣһصƼҵ飬ġ
ҪɫʼŵĽԼҲһԼĿģƺĵĽһ¡
ƼҵӵܿɲֹֻƷһˣƷ飬常Ȼ˽⡣
ŶƼҵǡ⸱ŵӣǶҵѡȷѾѧԺ֮ˡ
ǿŵʦҲ벻ƼҵڼѧԱ˭Ծ̲סѯʡ
ԷѯʣǾʹȫû󵽷¸ԼҵĵӣϸЩҲס
ԼһεĿģǾ̲סڸ
ǻ벻𣿷¸˵𣿡
һ⻰ŵĵʦֱɵۣȫû뵽¸Ƽһʲôϵ
Ϊ֮ǰҲû˵ȫ÷¸Ƽҵľ
ͷ·Щȷٴγѯʣȷһ¶ԷĿġ
¸ǵȻ֪ģֻȷƼҵĵӣǰڲʱҲδ˵һ㡭
һ⻰ʱһκ˵˵ԼĿľΪȰԷƼҡ
飬һԷͲϷ¸Ƽҵˣ̾ͰѲ˳
⻰ʲô˼ôҲƼҵĶңôôҪ鶼֪Ҫҷ¸裬ֱȥͺˣҪˡ
ԹŵʦȻҲǳ԰׷ġ
飬Ȼǲܾ׾ٵķУǾ͸
Ҹղ˵ǲ˽¸豾ǷƼҵˣԲܹ׾ٵطŽȥɣڴȴȥ߷¸һǰӼ
˵Դ˲̫⣬ɫҲ˲١
Ϊ֪ĿǰΪֹΨһİ취ˣԼǿӲҪĻҲᱻ˷С
ûѧԺ⣬Ҳֻܽ˻ȥ
ſڵȴŵֲɵõŷ¸˵ԼǷͬǰ̽
ĻԼ̸
ЩҪڿǵķΧ֮ڵġ
Ȼ¸ǱߵľᣬԵúˮˡ
ڵõϢ֮ҲһƽѾ˶ԷһξʲôĿġ
ȴûΣ壬ǾüȻԷѾ˲ȻǲãԿǱҪȥġ
ӵһʱӲһֲʼԡ
ֻû뵽ԴһƷûнԼȰȥѡĬĬףԼԺ󣬾ȻƼҵ˻δģһοҪǿԼ̸ˡ
¸ǰҲδģȴҲ˿¡
ž⹵ͨһ£Է֮ʲô۶
ŵĵʦԴܵķʽ˷¸裬ЩѧԺſڡ
¸ȻķʽѧԺţſԼνϵĶˡ
¸裬⿴ȥҪ˷ܵĶ࣬˷¸֮󣬷·;һжҪɹˣԿȥ쳣
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518 һŭ֮

¸ĶˣϴڼеʱҲ档
һ⻰¸ƺûôһ£ƾĻҲܹµó
϶Ϊ֮ǰƼҵʱԼָԣղŵʦĴҲ֪Էĵλ
ԲԼľ˾ˣͬҲǶҡ
ԼʲôĿľ͸˵֮ǰΪҲ϶ΪƼҵʱСС飬ҵĶܹ롣
Կ϶Լģֻ¸δڿȥ͸һһμİûʲô
һȴǺĵҪƷһ¸ͨ˵ǲƲȡ
ʵѾ뵽˺÷ӣҾúõδһ¸ζƼҵġ
ҪȻĻû
ͬģкܶ첻˵Ļºֲ֪ηչǿӲĳ֡
뵽ͺԥضŷ¸˵˰ɣվҲǸ£ҵһ̸̸ҲúúõĽ
֪Էһʱ򶼻ṷ²Ƿ¸軹ǴӦҪ
˾һ徲ĵط̸УʵҲֻ⿪ʼĸ¸̸ˡ
һҲѾµҵĿģҾȰصƼҵġҲ޿ɺǵ飬Ͼ㱾Ƽˣһ㲢ܹϰɣ
ֱӿżɽһֺؾ÷¸Լȥӡ
֪¸ӸΪϵġ
񿴵⸱ŵģǾǸеǳһķʡ
⻰ʲô˼ҿɲ޿ɺǵ顣˵ֲƼˣΪһһεһƼң
һ仰ʱ˹̵ɴ۾
û뵽ԷȻģ֮Լ˵飬Ȼ޷ӦֱӷԼΪ˵Ƽˡ
ⶼ޷ȥ˵ģֱЩİ취ԷϣȻڷʵĻټԷˡ
˵⻰ѲǲһȥɲҪƶ˶ʲôǿӲֶΣв㣡
¸ǾԲԷԼѿز˵Ķģһʱ֮侹ȻûԷʲôֵԼܵвġ
ԷȻˣһ˵ڵĶȷʵ÷¸豶Σա
ôٸһλῼǣȻ㲻ģֻӲˡҾͲѾͷвںĻǻƼҹ˵ϺӣǾ͸ߡֻҪصƼң뾡ٻ㲻ǻصƼҵĻĶ򾿾Ҫȥδǿɾɲˡ
˵Ƿ¸׶ˣ˵ĻȴʮֺݶΪ˼鲻ϧһдۣԼõ˵ĳڡ
÷¸ЩŭͬʱҲЩԼĸס
治֪ôЩƼܵľǺεȵĴֹʲôӡ
̸ʱ򣬾Ȼ˸Լ飬ܹвԼĶ
ò˵һȷʵˣȷܹв˷¸裬һоûġ
һ㣬ǾǷ¸ȫҪܵ˵ЩֻҪ΢ܵһвͻҪ
˵ֲǶԸƼҵģԷʶôһһŭ֮¾µ뷨
¸һӣֱŤͷ뿪ûи֪һ
ⲻ֪ʲô˼һ̬Ⱦ֪ǾܾԼ
̾վ˺
¸裬ʲô˼ҪĻʵץҪ˷ҵʱ䣬ȻĻʱʲôҲ֪
һλʱ֮ڣ¸Ѿ߳Զˣƾ˵Щʲô
ķӦҲֻһˣ˵ŭˡ
û뵽ԷȻԼĸ׵Լڽܻ᲻Ǻӣ¸趼Լǰɵˡ
֮ǰʱֱǿӲĽƼҵĻЩҲᱥί
֮ǰԼûڲԼȫûܹȫ˵ģԼĸ״ˡ
Է¸Ҳ뷨صԼԺڡ
˿һۣһ֪Щɱķ¸裬Ĳ֪ôһ¡
¸ֻǵͷ֮󣬾ֱתԯķ䡣
֮ǰ˵ԼʱԯҲҪһͬǰǻǱ¸
¸һ֮ҪöԷѵƾԼУȻҪε˳䵱Լİ֡
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519 ɱƼ

䣬ҪҵæƼѾѧøΪթˣվȻ˶գвҵҵĸסһȻǲٽҵİѱǵҪҵĸǿж
ãͬȥ
¸Ļո˵꣬ҲǷ̱ԯû˵ֱӴӦ
֧ڷ¸֮еģҪ˵ʱûκεĲøжǿ϶Ǽٵġ
¸軹ǾԯԼĶڱϾͷϵģԼĸǵȲ˵ġ
֪Ǹνص˼֮ԼĸЩʲôǷ¸ҲͲ϶ˣֱӴԯƼҡ
¸ԯ䣬ȻܾǹƥӲƼңʵ˵ûаգҲһܶûеġ
ֻϾҪһ忹⣬ȱһЩ
Ƿ¸Ȼǲܽ˵ֱӴԼЩԼޡ
ǽȥ֮󣬷¸ֱ
Ըæ𣿡
Ȼ޺һͬ⡣
޺İ˵ǴˣǽƼ̤ƽƺҲʲô¡
ԼȻҲûʲôǸʮֻ
Դϴ֮һֱڽԵȲ˵㱾Ӧ飬ҲԥǻֱӴӦټٽҲһҪȥҸԼ
ڶڴӦѩ룬ҿȥҲƺǴһҪͷ¸ͬˡ
ȫµ⣬һΣĻǵʱһԼһȺͬвƼҵĵλһȥ̤ƽƼҲʲôˡ
ΪһسǵĹо͵ֵסȺϮ˵Ƿѵ顣
ƼұûʲôͣҪ̤ƽػĻǵ޳Ҫ࣬ȻҲ÷¸İٱġ
˫ûж˵ʲôʵж֤ԼĿ
౦ȻɲóʱҲŷ¸ġ
ǳ׵ͳһսߣȺԼޣ¸ֱӺƺƵɱƼҡ
߲ŸյƼңһ·֮Ե˲ʱ䣬Ϊŷ¸ķӦʲô
ȻѾ˵ĻĻȻǻḶʵġ
Ψһܹв˷¶Ķĸˡ
һİѱҲȷģǾʹֱȥԺӣʱ˿̵Щʲô
ҵȷҪƷ¸úõԼʵҲҪǿеϡ
ȻյƼ֮ԼԺ䣬ûԺӵķȥ˴Ϣ
ˣڴǱͻȻһȺǳ˽ѾҪ򵽼ڲˣȫƲסңϽȥæһ°ɣ
ûôһ£֪Ƿ¸ԼޣΪʲô¡
ƼҵʵʱҪµʤ
ܹʵˣҲʵû뵽˭
Σʱ̣ǲҪ£¹Լǲòܵġ
ֵôԼܵĻ֪Ҫʲôֶճ
ҲδüǰԺӣֱŴŴȥ
ֵܹס궯ȺҪƽƼҵĴţֱ׵Ĳˡ
ȻҲٶȳƼңƼҼ˶֪ϢҴҴҵĸ˴ƺڳ˾һսļơ
տʼʱ¸豾˲ûг֣Ű֮죬¸Ҳǰ
ʱ֪Ȼһֱܹص˼塣
ֻһΣȴҪ壬Ҫüء
¸裬ʲô˼˵˵ҲƼҵˡķӲʲôĿģ˵˵Ǵҹͬ
¸Ĵ˾ˣҲƼҼʱ⿪ʼ¸̸
¸ԴֻЦһ֮ǰԼвԶڼ˸һӡûС
һΪȷһİΣǿдġ
ȻĹϽΧ֮ڣҾܹƵסҲȫƣҪϽ
֮ǰҵĸ׵ҵʱҶû˵ЩʲôǻһĽĻ֮ǰЩҲǳ׵͸ġ
˵֮󣬷¸ʾǰ
һʹŰȺһͬǰȥò֡
-

520 ž

˷¸ĻƼҼЩɢȥ顣
Ҳոոϵһּĳ棬Ȼôһ¡
Լһʱûаպ÷ִ磬Ȼ÷¸߳ŭڴ
ڼǺҲˣҪ鷭ƪȴҲô׵顣
⿴ȥЩΪѣȴֲ֪ǺãֻӲͷƤӭӰȺĹ
ܿƼ˾ӦӲϾʱ¸֪ʱˣֽٻ˳
ȺΪȡ޺һŭ
ƼҵЩٻԼޣҪЩȺ⣬ұûκô
һ˲ֱ֮ӳں˵Ǹɲóˡ
һʮּңҲֻ߲£ʱƼҼ˵ʮֲҵġ
¸ʱûټںǵ뷨ԼѪԵϵˡ
ôʼʱԼĸĸĻϿɵһ̣¸;ԼѾˡ
ܹΪԼƼңȻ˸ָӵֶΣǷ¸ԲȥϿɵ顣
οǻԼĵߣȻܹ뵽ԼĸԼյһУǷ¸øΪ߳ŭĵط
ǾһߴһŸ֣¸Ƕ˵ֱӾԺӸȥ
ǱߵҪȷ¸ĺõö࣬Ϊ⻹ûüҡ֣Ѿ¸ǿдȥ
Ҳûܵκ˺ֻǻûüǰˡ
Ϊ֪ϢͱȽΪƼҵ˴ϵŮҲرӣϢ㲻ͨ
ټ˵ҲûôǿȲϷбȻȻʱҲڵһʱ֮ھ͸ǰߡ
Ҳú˷¸⣬ΪȥĻ¸軹ᵣǷԼĸܵʲô˺
һο𣬷¸ǳ׵ķ˵ǲټƽκκ
Ϊ¸ѾҵͺǾζԸƼҵģѾԼĿǷΧ֮ˡ
ôˣǲ̫ڵĸףǰǲǷʲô飬ƺ죬ȴûôһ¡
ԼŮǰȻʮ˷ܵģһǰס˷¸裬̲סЩǵѯʡ
Ȼǲ֪һжԼŮģ¸ҲûĴ㡣
ϾһεĿľǴǿ뿪ǾͳԼĸѯʣ
ΪһصƼң뾡취գвңһصƼҡһŭ֮¾ǿ뿪ףԸ𣿡
ǷŵǰĻȻǲԸġ
Ϊв룬ǲҪʱԼŮ
֪ڽ£¸ܹվʹѾսʤƼңʸԼߣһκκ
ټƼҵĻԼΪ¸İʯ
ʱҲһᱻƼץס˰ѱԼŮԼԼ˵ǲõ顣
Ϊ˲Ľ˼һ¾ѾӦԼŮˡ
ãһΪߡ
¸֪ԼĸһֱˣʱȻƽﶼǲģȴҲԼ뷨ʮѵõ顣
ҷ¸Ҳԣһεͻʮʱİգȫ´
һȻҲûʲôõǵģǾʹƻȥ
յĽ֪һȷѪһĴҶ֮һоͶƽ
¸ԯһͬ뿪Ƽ֮ǵĽŲ࣬ͷ·ղŵһжûзһ
ôǵһ뿪Լļ
ͷƼҵĵƻ͸˰ҰӣЩп
ȴֲòϣЩԼܵЩ˺ҵһйڡ
˵ǾЩĲ̣뿪ԼԼŮеĵġ
ˣҲˣǰһӽⲿһУѾͼȶھȥ͸ջϰɣĻһžۣظҲʮ־ϲ
˷¸Ļ˫۷֪Լ˼ֱͿҪкˡ
û뵽Լո뿪ƼңֵõһõϢ
ԴһθбѾһʱˡ
˵Ǻ֮ģжԼŮģȻҲжԼɷġ
ܹһžۣʵǸмġ
-

521 ϲ

бһֵܣԶԶĴӳǱ˹
ʵǿԶһ˵ģټƽΪӶǱʶѾĿ̻УԸƽʱҲܹϸ۲ܵϰߡ
һθո̤ţͿվڲԶԼ¸衣
ʵϣ֮ǰ¸͸˵ѾȴǶʱ
бһǳȥӥʿӶŵ⣬ȻѾӶžǨ˵۶֮ڣȻҪǰµ⡣
񶼽ĲˣŴһֵֻص˵۶ǡ
ڷ¸飬ʵһŲ֪ģҲʼձڹ
ЩǷ¸ǰԤϺõģ֮ôΪ˸ĸһϲҲΪ˸һϲ
ظƴ꣬ʼδһžۣһʱ֮١
һԼ飬ͻĽĸ״ߣһܹһڳ׵Բطбһþϲֵġ
ȻбտʼĸŮ˵ʱ򣬻Щ֣𾪡
ΪȫûԤϵΪǶ˻ڴ˵Ⱥ
˵ƼһֱǴڰ״̬ƽ棬ҲҪж˿أӾͺûκɡ
бֺԼΪʼδܽƼҳ׵׵
񿴵߲ˣֻʣԼŮʼմԵԯ䣬ûƼҵˡ
бֻһĻѾôһ£֪ģۿȻһЩʪ
͸˵ˣб֮ķӦȷбҪһЩ
ǳоþӵĴС㣬񿴵ԼվԼǰĲԶǶ˵ȹڣֱŷбķ˹ȥ
Լķ˹бͬҲûԥͬķɱȥ
¸ʼվûֱǰԼĸĸᡣ
ڵԼԯվں涼ԵЩ࣬Ϊ֪ԼĸĸһҪǸʱȥ
ԼѾƼҳַҽӲĴƼ˳
ԺĻһǣǷ¸ҲͲٵǡ
ȸ㹻˽˿ռ䣬ɽ֮󣬷¸ȥҶԼĸĸԼ뷨
һһ뷨Ҫȥ֮Ǻú̸̸ҪõȥӶ飬ٸһͬȥһط
ûµģȻȥʲô飬ھһ˵˰ɡ
б˵ˣ¸Ȼûԥֱ˵ԼҪ˵Ļ
һլģܴҲӶŵˣֵԺžۣھͰȥɡ
⻰бԵһЩȣƺû뵽¸ὫЩ鶼ˡ
һ룬ĺӴҲûʲô̫ʽҲûһôլӡ
ڶԺӵİǻǾʮοͬŮһͬǰҲܹ¸һƬ⡣
ȵ˷¸˵ðһլأͷбȵĶһۣ˶Էе𾪣Ȼȫû뵽Ľ
Ϊһլزռܴ󣬷ˮܺãҾ羰Ҳʮ
еķֺһЩرĶѾ׼׵ǷֻǴסˡ
ôʯҵ˺õĵԴҪ֪ɿҴˣй֮޲
ڷ¸Լĸĸ⴦ոµլԺιʱⷢĸпɻ
¸ֻЦЦûж˵ʲôǹһĵĸԼĸ׽
ЩһֱߣԶҵҲر˽⡣ЩҲ޷ǽ͵壬ҪţԸڵĳɳٶȻӮøеһСǲҶģľ֯ǵļǡ
бһ§ιլ磬һ߲ʮοĵ˵ͷ
ڵҲţһֱǵĽ
б˵ţҲص˵ͷ
ǶףΪĹжùڵΪһ¸裬ǰѾǾٮٮߵĵλˡ
ټڵĶݣڵ۶סš
ⶼĸĸ㲻˽ҲĿõġ
ݣܹõĵԵҲ˸е֡
ڵͷбڷ¸οΡ
¸бι۵ĲˣּԲ䡣
⴦Եкõģ븸׵ӶżʱȥܲҲࡣͨҲĺܣֲ徲ʺޡ
-

522 仧

Ǿڷ¸İ£ĵ⴦ð˵լԺڰ仧
ҽԸͷ˳ȥʵҲûдĺԶ
ΪǶ֪ںޱķ縮ǶֱӳΪ˷ҲǺ޽չ顣
ΪûκαӰ죬ǺټվȽŸġ
ȻǲֱܹӵԼͷҪڷչһʱ䣬ܹǰεض
¸ӲԶˣΪѾԼĸĸһУƵ̺ǽµ·
ͲҪˣҲһֱҪһչֵʱһʱ֮ڣǸոհ縮ðͽȺúõĽӥʿӶȽŸɡ
˷¸ĻбͷһԼԵ
ЦŵͷϿԼŮ뷨бҲЦŵͷӦ
ȻԼķ˺ŮԼľǷб˸м֮⣬Ȼûʲôƴǵġ
ļˣʲôֵȥ׷أ
бԼڵѾ⼫ˣһȦլԺѾòˡ
ʱЦŻŷʼڷ¸Եӡ
ʵ֮ǰʱʱע⵽ӣҲ롣
ԯϵҲʮǿģֻԼŮûͣҲûжʡ
һﶼڴĹУʼոԼŮߡ
ͬбҲоȣͷ·һжӦһ
Щ֣嵽ôһ¡
Ҳ֪бԼ뷨֪ͬЩʲô
һжѾˣע⵽ӣͲɵõĺԼŮѯʡ
㻹ûиʽĽһǵĹϵ
˵֮ԥһ£΢̧ͷһԼʼԱưԼķб
ɻɫ˵Ա÷бЦ
¸ЦſԯһۣԯԼĸ׵Ļ֮Ҳ·ʲôԶһЩ졣
Ƿ¸ȴɵƤûиκνͣԽĺ棬Ҳֵĺܡ
˽Էʲôݵ£ֿóԼŮӡ
ȻѾǾЩɻվͽɻٴͶ˷б
бһٵĿԼҲ֪Ҫ˽ľʲô
ڷ¸ԯĹϵ׵Ŀ˵֪һ
֪ҲΪ֮ǰڽ͵ʱڳ֮һֱûлˡ
ȻѾ˳ֽƼҽѣȻϾ֪֮
ԷбһվǶһͲҪ˵ʵһε̾˿׿ڸԼķ˽
ԯ䡣ԯݵȷˡеϸڣǽǰ֮ٺúõ㽲ɡ
˵֮󣬷бҲԴѯʵĽĿͶ˷¸ԯ䡣
¸֪ǽȨ߸ԼҲǵ˵ͷһ֮úõĸһȥ
Ͼ˵˽⣬˽ҲرĶ࣬Լԯݲֻ֪ܲȱʱͰˡ
ھһõʱһжѾ䶨ʲôܹԼ׽һµأ
˵һĿڵһͬȥǰһ·ϻЦܰꡣ
ƼǱ߾Ͳһˣڿ˵һ㡣
ѾչأԶЩ޴˽⣬Ȼ֮ǰҲƷﱻϱ߱ȥѰط¸¡
Ǵڳص״̬Ҳͷ޴롣
ֻҲܣΪ˵۹Ⲣͬ
÷¸ûдģҪ֮ǰҲƫ
˵ʱﶼһֱδֹǷǵģ黹һŵĶġ
Ƽ񱻽췭ظ֮󣬲Ԫˡ
ֵ÷ǳ󣬼˵֮ڶ˾֪
ֻеϸڿ³˼֮⣬ͨ޴֪ġ
ϣ˽֮ᶯЩ˼
ֻڸԪˣŮ˺ͶأǷϵһΪ
ھ¶ΪߣȻϾԹˣԴ顣
ؼҾʱ׼˻ᣬҪڴ֮һԵƼҡ
ĻԶǼһĺôҿҲΪȵվסǵһҵλá
-

523 Ӧ

˶˰Σȫûʲô÷ӣȺʱһĪչ
߶ԸˣҪɵ飬Ƿ¸ɵģֲȥҪ
ǲĻû취
˵֮ǰؼ϶ʱ򣬸һ죬÷¸Ϊ޹
Ȼķ˵ǺãǾǶôܴù¸裬ҪԼĸ׳أ
˶ԵЩһĪչ˵ʲôķӶ
Ϊʧ˵ĻĲƼҵ棬ƼҵľҲͰˡ
ʧܵĻ֪Ҫô֣֮Ȼ˶˵Լ뷨
˶ûκƼҼҲ֪Ǻá
ϾҶû뷨ĻҲӲ˵һ뷨
ԼҲûκε뷨˵ȫ֪ζԸ
ٲһĻΣԤС
ٲһѡؼͻʩѹˣĻʱһоͶˡ
ΪƼҲҪôͱؼ̲ҪؼҹƵóѣƼҼ룬ֲ
ƺҲֻһˣΪĸףΪ¸Ǻӵ游ӲͷƤȥӲʩҲδزɡ
ʵƼҼҲδܳɣҲǺ˼ѾͶ·
ߵ˾ͷ£ǻܾһǺпܾͻΪ˵жд̡
ټȥĻƼ¶ȫû
˵ҲһҪ飬棬¶ԵҪһЩ
ƼҼʱҲֻܸԼŲѵķӡ
˶֪ȷǲѵģƼҼҲҪΪȲѵԼ
ȻҲΨһİ취ˣ˿¶ûƼҼз
ֱܲȥ澾λãƤȥһС
˶ͷĬţ˵ͬ⣬Ҳ˵ͬ⡣
ĳƼҼҲʮģֱɢᡣ
Ȼ˵Ϊ˼ΣĿԣֱӳ˷縮Ѱҷ¸衣
縮ϢȻûɢȥ٣ΪƼҼǿ϶֪ġ
Ҳ֪һʱ֮ڣ¸ûлصѧԺȥһֱԼĸķ縮ڴһС
ҪˣȻҲҪ縮
ͱЩ𺳣Ϊǰĳ˵𾪣ҲǼٵġ
ռ˵ҪƼҶö࣬ҹȥʮֵĸûʣֲʧµš
ؽܹĻȻһΪ
ҲԳƵ棬뵽ƼҼѪڣҲֻܽеѪ˻ȥ
Ϊﲢļ壬Ƿ¸ڵĵŪġ
ҲԼƼҵˣԼûаֹϵ
οҪԼһҪĿģ˼ȻҪһŵġ
ͷ¸ǰ
ƼҼͷ¸趼ûȣƺ뵽һ
ɫҪΪһЩΪƼҼòãҲס
ԼΪϵŮ˵ûܵʲôرõĴǱϾѪԵϵǰġ
ȻƼҼ֮ǰ¸裬ҲŮ͸Լ˷ǳϾߡ
ôܵЩҲʱŷһҧǿԼĵĲȥΪ
ƼҼϾƼҼȻܹóɫ仯
һľ˰أһԼҪҶԷ̸ѶȾ͸Ӵˡ
Ҳûа취İ취ƼҼǿЦǰȥȻֱӶĸŮ˿˵ģѾʶԼĴһҲǰҴƼӭĸŮ˻صƼңˣǻΪб鱧ǸͬƼҵŮš
ʵ˵ͻܴ֮һεӲ
ͷ·÷бƼңȫǲѵʩһ
¸豾ͲӦ飬һĿǲˬ
ԼĸĸеֵҲûиԼν游ӡ
Ͼʼգ⸱ӻ⣬ʹδԼĸܣ¸ɲΪѪŨˮ顣
ϾƽʱǸЦݶˣ̧
ޱĿһƼҼģֱͲڿ˵游ǿһȫȫİˡ
ûƼҼϵôһִʹ
-

524 Ӳʩ

ǸˡԴˣǸͲϡƼҼҲѾ˰ɣǷ縮Ȼո𲽣Ҳ߹ģȻ˵Ļڲ֮ҲܳԽƼңֺαصǽƼȥ
¸һ˵ƼҼƿԣǼȻĲеĻҲֻӲԼݶʩѹ
ҲԣƽĽǶĻԼ׵ġ
ԼѹǵĻδؾͻȫͬԼĹ۵㡣
ƼҼҲûж룬ȻȻҲͰڳ˼ָӲ̬ͺûһĸ¸˵ҲɲǣôҲ游Ѳ游˵Ŀ𣿲ܷ¸ôûߣܸúúõĹܽһԼŮ˰ɣ
֪ԭ˵仰ãһ˵仰ʱֽ¸ŭˡ
ԭмǿԼ侲֮һ˵ⷬʱ־͸ˣҲԼνĸаͬ顣
ΪԼûаֶںӵĻôԼֺαضаأ
ģ¸ȻҲġ
֪Լĸһ֮϶ģ¸ֿ϶Լĸվͬһսߡ
Է¸ĿڶƼҼ˵ˣ˰˵Ҳǰ㲻
ƼҼûʸ˵ĻİɣĻҺ͸ĸʹ˷ֱҵôܾʹ˶ɽĻᣬҪɫˡֱԣ˸ͲҺ׵ס
˵֮¸һֱָ̧֣ſ򣬳棬оԲ
ȻûƼҼӦôһ£¸ֱӳѡ
ƼҼʲôѲﻹܹϽ뿪ɡ
ƼҼϾĴ֮һļ壬ôϵǷݰڡ
˵ѾͶ·ȴܾöԷܹԼ˵
ΪʲôʼԼҪǻƼңԼʼĿģ˼ֺζ
ҿ游ôܡ
͡¸ֻ³֣§Լĸ׻˺Ժ
Ӻ߳һǿ׳ˣǱˣӥʿӶŵĸԼ׶սȺʿ
ΪڷҸո𲽣Իûü·͵ˣԵȻҲԼĸɳЩֵԼĸ״¡
бڴӶŵʱҲܹ΢һЩû뵽ջó
ʵƼҼ˵󣬵ǱϾλҲȻǳġ
˵ԸôӶҲʲô¡
ֻ֪ʵǿ»¸裬֮ǰԼ޾̤ƽƼҵ飬ȻǲҲʱӲӲ
ߵʱЩҲ֪Ϊλ˵˵žͽԼ˸ΪӲķ򣬷Ŀġ
ʲôҲû̸ҲͰˣͷ֮ٽ̸Ļᡣ
Ӳʩֶζûɣ˴ʱƼҼ治֪Լÿ޸Ц
ȥ֮󣬿ҪΪͷۼˡ
ΪǵûнƷչȥĻƼҼĲ֪ôˡ
Ҳ¸ȫϡġ
Ѳ£ͷҧһڵֳƼң֮ǰһгǶˣֿİǻصƼңͬԼĸ֡
ʲôôŹĴߣбҲûбҪȥࡣ
¸Լĸ׸еֵͬʱҲǴԼĸ׾ܾҪ
¸ǼԼļܰίԼĵȻҲ⡣
бڲڣƼҼһмо͸¶ŶԼĸ׵ĴѹǷ¸޿ܵġ
ΪԼĸĸ¸ҲҪԼʵԼĸĸƼǰҲܹסš
Ƿ¸ʼһֱڶûиıĿġ
صƼ֮ƼҼԵøΪһĪչˡ
ƼҵЩ϶ڼǰȴƼҼңңֱΧǰȥ
ԭҪ龿Σһˣͽǰµ˸ţԶЩʧ䡣
ԭ˷ܵɫҲޱȣΪĻƼҵԽ͸֪Ҫôˡ
ؼҸǿ޵ʱҲ̣ܶٳٲܹĻƼٲͺڵ۶ˡ
ʱпܻᱻؼֱ̲ͺµ飬ֱ
-

525 дѹ

֮Ƽҿ˵Ǿٲά衣
ôҲĴ֮һؼȻҲǲ
ֻʱʱľʩѹƼʲô鶼ʼηηš
֮һֱãҲ֪ΪʲôؼʼδҶƼҶ֣ƺǼɵƼҵһŵơ
ǼһֱƼǳ顣
ƼҼֱ಻ԣ鶼ûа취ԼɣûǸĺԼ¶ü
¸ǱߵʼʱãǺ𽥲ܡ
Ϊڸ֮ȻҪĬĬѰŷȴ𽥷Ҳû־ȫȥѰθƺõķˡ
ĿǰΪֹ˵Ǳ׵ķϵˣѰҵҽҲûκô
ҵ𽥻ع飬ټҵ˹ϵǼո˿յʱؼҾֱȥһС
壬ǼҲһߴӶŵŮ𣿵ʱǲߴӶţ¸ĸ׷бӶŽдѹĻҲֹǶɽ𡣡
ؼҼͿʼҼˣΪ縮˵ǳͷ
˵ûôԵĶչȭţ˶ó¸һֱǵĻʼһǻվһλãʱпܳԽǡ
Ȼ˵Ǻѵ飬ؼҼòѾΣУҼոջع֮󣬾͸æ飬ϣܹԼһԸ¸ǡ
ҪȻĻƾԼһ֮Ǿʲôģʱ̲ƼҲˣΪ˷ֹ¸ŷһ·ضǾҪסͷġ
Ҽһ£һ
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ĸ׵ӶſԽԽ󣬿ҪסҲǺѵ顣
Ϊ˷ֹȥԼŮѹһ׵ӶŵҲʲô£ȥӦʮֱҪġ
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Ҳ˵Է¸辿ûгޣҲ˵Լĳ谮ʲôزʲôĳ𶼻
ЩҪ飬ҪľĴ档
һƼҲܹ̲һҲܳԽٳһҵĻʱ򵽵׻ᷢʲôö֪
ԱðѿϣҪȻĻԻɼв
¹ؼ飬ǾԲܷˮ
İɣһȥ֮͸Ů˵ˣʱԻɲСĴҪչǻҪ˵㣡
ѵҼӲһأؼҼȻʮ⡣
ȻԼ壬ԷܹĻòԼǷʲôԼҲûʲô̫Ĺ
ܱ˵Ǵ˸ǹ
ʱķʲôҲԽƲһɶ
ҪĲЩؼҼԼŵĺܣһԸ˷¸衣
ȻǷǳŵģֻҪߴӶһͬѹбӥʿӶŵĻʱһͶӭжˡ
˵һĺ£Բ鵽ķߡ
ȥ֮ҼȻŵԣԼŮһͬŮ
ߴӶȻﰵҲûٹ鵹Ҳܹվͳһսϡ
ŮڵǸӶŵĴͷӶҲʼﰵĶԷбӥʿӶŽ˴ѹ
ΪǾ֮䶼Ǵϵģǲ֮дѹĻпڶ֮ĵλͻǵߴӶŵĵλӰ졣
ƾһ㣬ҲԲӥʿӶŷչԼǶдѹҲǺԭġ
ֻ¸һڣΪֹǱڹһģȫȻ֪
ȻбÿӶҲʱʱǣż飬һǷ
һ¸ҲڰԼиЩֵܣҲʲô̫ӡ
ǷбҲֻ룬ͼӶŵˡ
бҲɵӣȻ֪ԼӶź϶˽ϴķˡ
ͱ˵༬ֵ񣬵ͷˮһա
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526 

б󲽿ӥʿӶŵܲΪ󲿷ӶֵǶȥִ˵ԭܲԵú塣
˵ڵӥʿӶŸոǣܻüһЩҲӲҲǳԡ
ҲΪǰƴԸӥʿӶţҲ˹ʵġ
ǾһЩǣżһ߼
Ҳ÷бӶֵǸе⾪ȣȻȴˡ
ӥʿӶſʼԽӵ񣬻˵ڽӵ֮һӶϵûнյ˱˸Ĳ
ӥʿӶűøԽȥΪ̫˵Ļǵĸַ϶վͻΪ鳹׵ɥʧȡĻᡣ
¿νʮصģбòӡ
ͱ˵ڱܲûжˣ˶ȥִˣʵЩ񵽵жܹ˳ɣб֪
ЩȻǱִȥˣӲҪ˵Ļжִûж֮ͻᱻȰ˻δ֪
οȥμҲпܱӶ˵Ȱ˻ڻһʲô
˵бδȥִ񣬵Ϊеơ
ϾôҲӶŵųʲôĻҪеҪεġ
οҪôֵܣǰʱҲδĴѹ˵ҲһִǶͦ˹
бҲɵӣȻôһ¡
ǵÿֵԸһͦȥԷбһֱӲţҧĬĬһֱͦ
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Ǿᵽʲôʱ򻹲һΪؿڻǺѶϵġ
СϾҪˣҾ͸ϽȥһӶɡ
֮󣬷б̾˿վġ
Ϊ֪һֱȥԲǸ취ųҲҪص
һҪԵģܹܵõѾܵԡ
ȴҲɲܷۿСӾҪˣȥӶµҲǼΪҪġ
Ϊ˱⵽ʱֵȥӶʱٴܵѹԷбһڴҶûл֮ǰӦǰһʲô
ʱǡҲСӵ飬ûиСһִͬ
ǾٴγΪб֣һͬȥӶ
ǾбͳһǰһǰӶ
Ӷ֮Ҳͬһֱǰĵص㣬ȥǱһЩӴԱ
ǷŵƽǻһЩֱ̽ǷԸǵġ
Ϊ飬бǲòӶнԱȥܷܹӵ˵
ܴѹ֮ǵڶټҵֱˡ
һЩҹǵˣԸ֧ǡ
ֲÿһ˶ʱҪӶŵЭĻỹǽΪټġ
ǼбĲʱҲ͸ˡ
Ϊųн߹ȥʱֱӱסǵ˲ǱˣǡɾߴӶһСֶӵĶӳ
ӴһΪ˭أⲻӥʿӶŵų͸ųôڻﰡ
Էһھﲻƣôһ˵бͳ۾͸ܹ϶һϵˣҪȻĻֺαʱֱӽ¡
бøΪȵΪԼӶŲŸո𣬲ǻûסŸֱ鷳
֪ⶼҿŷ¸ʮӦķϣԲߴӶţΪ¸踸׵ķбдѹ
ߴӶŵ־ǵķչͷܺãԲŻʱֱӳ棬ҪȻҲԸ顣
бӶŵųȴҲֵĺӡ
ӶˬһЩ׳ʿǣĶŵͣʱʺϳ̸С
Լǿ˶ԷֱƣЦŻӦ
λӳˣĻһӶҪʲôԷأ˵Ҳǣ
ǸСӵĶӳΪԷƿԣû뵽ȻܹԼĻԭЦһ
ֺܿɫȻԷƲԳԷƵĻҲ
Ҫúõĳֽѵбһ
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527 Ӳ

³ôһܹ֮ͣε
бίθĸųһְΪʼΪбֵʱ򣬷бԵ
ȻȷбΪҪһЩҲǷ¸һ·Эĸ׵λá
ôбܵΣյʱͲһԹۡ
ǳʼʱ¸ίУǳΪӥʿӶһԱϡ
ΪЩͷбԼԱǳϦദֵ֮֮飬ζҪʱվġ
˵еʱãƷ
Ըȴ¸輫ΪƵĵطǾǻ̡
ͰѷбԼļˣʱ򿴵ҪʱԼųȻ̲˵ġ
һλӶŵСӶӳڣ۾ͺض˵λӳҿҪļ˵ȥɣֹͣʱֹͣΪ˭۸ﰵЩ飬ѵ֪Ҫǻ泰Ļɱǲˣ
˵֣֮ŵ׵ķݡ
ԭڷ¸轫ίɵб֮ǰѾ˺ڣͻơ
˵ǷбˣǰߴӶСӵĶӳĶ֡
ȻղСӶӳʮֵֺһʵ۾
һбһȴǵһǵ
֮ǰɴû˵ԭӥʿӶŵĸųʵ˾ͲܹٺӲӲˡ
ȻֻڱִУڱѹѹҲˡ
ǷŵϣԼִ򲻹˺õˣҲֻա
ֻһ䣬ͺʮֲ뿪
۵ⷬΪ÷бʮָжʱ˵һЩʲôлĻ
۵Դһ˿м
⼫ܻԾյ˿˷б⸱ӣʱ˰˵ϴǧⶼӦõġǻǸϽȥн￴ûʲôɣȻȥ˵
˵֮͸Ͻŷбнλöȥ
б֪ⶼΪ˱ΣҲԽԽԼŮԼ˶Ͽɼ֡
ʵϾͲڣ֮ǰʱͶԳ۶˼Ͽɡ
տʼ¸ίɶʱ򣬾ͰԼæ
źദҲ˳ʵûʲôġ
ֺпǳڶԼŮľ壬ʱİԼ٣ܹóĹ
ˣĳҲʱܹľİǡ
бŲһ֣ԼӶŵĸųⶼǸΡ
бְλǳ۵ģҪʼʱҲһ񽻸
˽飬͸Ӽᶨ뷨ְλȷʺģûбܹȡ
Ȼ黹ûˣҲٽӵˡ
ûǽӹǰ֣ǵнʱ򣬾ͷǷ·Ǳһ
ɼߴӶŵжôǿʢнֻҪǾͱһΪѡ
˵н黹ǺӥʿӶųģǰߴӶŵĹϵԼҪбҲΪ
ΪǵѾûܹӥʿӶˣֻҪнͻԵһΪѡ
ʵΪǸųҲΪϣܹ⣬ѾûʲôССܹȥˡ
ʵ֮ǰбѾ뵽˻ģ⻰ԵЩһ
ΪҲܹµõߴӶŵ˶ֽţʱΪǲܹеĲй
ΪǰнûκεĹҲֻǱǿưˣԳۻǽеĲѹ˻ȥ
ֿǵ˷б飬˷бɫȷʵһЩ䣬ʱֲ
ǳ۾͸ϽװֵӣοԼų
ûµģϴҲǳеġǲŸոҲΪ档ǻȻȥҲ´ʱµˣ
Ȼ˵ǳҲף´ߴӶŵܹӵĿҲС֮С
֪ʵбĵ䣬ΪһûнӵĹϵ
ĲԼӶŵġ
Щ˸ԼطǣԼȴһĻᶼûܸǣԷбЩھΡ
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528 

õ֮󣬷бͳҲûκΰ취ֻػصӥʿӶŵܲ
ѾûɽӣܹҪȥġ
ٹЩʱգһЩ˾ͻִµ
Щͷǻеġ
˵˶ʱµҪӶţЩҹӥʿӶ˶һµĺ
ȻЩһ֪ߴӶ⡣
ΪӥʿӶŵԶǾľģҳɹҲߵû˵
۶֮󣬼ÿһԲˣִеĹҲÿһȡ
ȻȻĿڱͱȻڶߴӶŵĴѹǻһЩе˳ǵĿڱ
ЩٴǣûηӶŵĴѹ
˵ո۶ǣӾ͹üһЩӶŵЩֵҲʮֵ
ӥʿûһ˵˵ۣû˷ɧɾľִкÿһ֮׵
÷бҲеʮο
֪ЩֵİǵӶŵ˼ңԲŻľһͬȹѹء
бǰУº˾һҪǵӶŷ󣬸ԼЩһ
бǱЩ鶼߷¸ģȻֻ֪Ҫ¸˵ˣԼŮһ취Լ
ǸĽɫͨҪǿģбȻҲ⡣
֪֮ҲͬԼŮ鷳
ôʼհҲֻһӰˡ
Ȼʮ㣬ǷŵЩĸУǿҲСŮһ档
˵ˣڷбз¸ȻܹأǻǸԸ¸ӣܹŮһǵĳɳ
ȻѾܹŰ죬ǷбȴûҪ齻¸裬鷳Լ뷨
ϻľûв͸ǽȻ¸ֻصԼѧԺרѧϰǺ֪ܿ飬ϴ档
¸мμ䣬ͲĿʼ²⾿ʲô顣
ÿҲбһ뷨ҡҡͷҲ˵ʲô÷¸Բ²õ
ջҵ˳ۣһ۲Ŷ˵ʵ
ˣϴҲΪ鶫ߣȴҲûнӵʲôȺߴӶŵʵ̫̫һЩһ˵ûô
˵۶һЩ¸ļ
֪۱Լ䵽Լ֮һֱǾľģѾǷǳˡ
Լһȥڹ֪ôһ¡
ھȻѾ֪˵ĻͲߴӶԶĴѹԼĸ׵Ӷš
ҪȻĻӥʿӶžԶ޷Ƿչˡ
ҪȵߴӶŵû䣬ûκжֽŵĻҲǲܵ顣
Ƿ¸ȴҲ֪Լڵȫûа취ߴӶŶԿġ
ҪŬĶԼУҪȻԼڵﲻԼĸס
֪ҪȵòܹԼĸģõӦеĶ
Ҳʱһǿķ¸ʶԼٶȣ죬ԼȴҲ˺ö౶
ԼܹټȥΪټȥĻͷ·ǸԼһѡ
ﳤЩСʲôǷ¸Ͱ¶Լʵ
˫޲˵浥İѶ˶ʵĳ̶ȣʱ;ܹһ˰ƽЩ
ߴӶŵʮӴ󣬵ʱҲԲẦ£Լĸܵͷ
̵ʱ֮Լʵõİ취Ǳչˡ
ҪȥðҲһõķӣڱչ֮ǰûа취Լĸĸ
룬˳ۣҸúýһ
ǷİɣڱߴӶŴѹľԲ̫ãҾҪǳԵͷҾȥչأһʱ֮ҲٳǵҰ֮ˡһ꣬Ҳ꣬˵Ǹãȵĳ̶ҲŻʱ֮ڣҵĸĸͰչˡ
ʵϼʹǷ¸ûУҲɻᾡľĶԴĸĸʱȻڴӦ
۵ͷӦ¸赱ȻҲͷˡ
֪ۻôǶ˷ĵĺܡ
ҪôЩҲԼĸס
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529 һͬչ

뿪˳֮ǰ¸ԶԶĿԼһۡ
ʱ˿̿ΪӶŵæýͷöʵҲڿܹΪԼӶŷ
ͬҲȥһ˵ֻԶԶĿһۣҲ֪ԼĸҲƾŬš
Ѿѷ縮ľˣ˵ܶĶ෽ѹЩСȴΪԼ͸Ŭ
÷¸ڸе۵ͬʱҲʮָж
Ҳ¶˾ģ̵ʱ֮ڣƾԼŬﵽԼҪĸ߶ȡ
ͺԥػѧԺϸ˼һһıչҲʲôҲûдţȻȻҲûк˽顣
ʱĻȻǽͣԷ¸ҲΪǡ
ֻͬԺӵЩڵһʱ֪֮Ҫչ飬Ҳ˽⵽ȥ
ȻǶʾֵ֧ġ
ߴӶʵ̫̫һЩ¸裬ҲҪΪѣʱչظһأһȭܹǴſˣȫһȺӲģǧҪ£
ξһ߷ߵһʱȻվΪ¸˵ġ
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ɢɢξʱ򲻺˼ͷԼȷʵûз¸;ġ
ⷽȻȥɢɢƽҲûȻҲºܶࡣ
ҪȻҲлΪĹ油Ա
˵ջѡʧۣ֮Ҳǡܹӡ֤ʵ
֮ͬԺӵЩȫ˵һĻϿ˷¸뷨
ڷ¸չʱ֮ڣȻκš
¸Ҳ뵽ѳҲؾ
ĻʱٷˣҲᵣĹȥ̫ʱ䣬Լûа취ڵһʱ֮ڸϻԼĵ
ڱչ֮ǰȻҪԯ佻Щġ
ֻҪһԯѾܹԼĵ뷨¸ˡ
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ѾȫȫͶеķ¸裬Ȼǲܹ֪ѩĬĬΪģȴܹܵõ
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Ѿ˴˴Բֻһܹͻƶɽ١
ʵܹԿߴӶţԷ¸ٶȻ⡣
˫޵ĻٶȻһЩ
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ʵϣԯڽؾ֮ǰûнģҲΪܹͨԼʱʲô̶ȣҪŷ¸һͬ
ʱŵһʱ䣬ԯ۾ʱȴȷ¸˰ꡣ
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ʱ¸Ҳ״̬ԯ˹֮еĬͲԶˡ
һͬԸǣ岻ݴǵΡ
ԯֻһ仰ͽԼľһʴ
¸Ҳ˽ԯԸ֪룬ȻЦŵ˵ͷ
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ȴΪһ֮ڵıչضڣΪûαչصĻˣҲδܹԼĸס
ģͬҲҪڵһʱ֮˽һⲿһһʲô
ȻܽҪﵽĿҲϾҪﵽˡ
Ҳεģһ֮ǰԼΪøܵЩ裬;ŭա
ҲΪһŭ졣չﵽĳ̶ȡ
Ҫ飬ȻǰбӦеһˡ
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530 ڼ

¸ԯؾ߳ģһʱ֮ھԺӵĻ
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µ״˵ȵ˵ȵˡ
Ϊʵʼţһ˵˵Ҳ˵Ҳ̣ټ¸ʱѾ
һӳ̫ͻȻһЩûκε׼
ڿ¸ԯʱ˼˵Ǵ͵ԭء
¸裬ԯǳˣξһӦôһ£¸ԯк
ţˡ¸ЦŻӦ
ԯҲվߣȻû˵ܹó黹ǲ
ʣµҲӭ¸ԯΧм䣬Ȼʮֺѯһչĳɹ
¸裬ԯһ굽ôˣ
ƽһǰѯʣҺضĴ
ΪǱչĹϵһ֮һ֮ǰϵİûκεı仯͸һǰ޲ࡣ
Լ˲һΪϵʲô仯ǳĺ档
¸ԯһۣڵΪҲᱻ֪
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˵֮󣬷¸ԯ·֣˾ǵʵΪ⾪ȡ
ξǵɵӶҪˣһŵӡ
˵ٶҲδ̫һЩɣ׷ϣ
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ҲΪԼλܹô̵ʱ֮ڴﵽĸ߶ȶеˡ
ֻڸֲ֮࣬Щˡ
Ȼһ֮ҲǾǵľȴԽԽԶˣĻһǼһˡ
Ѹе˵ͬʱΪķеһЩЩᡣ
¸ԯûм˵֮󣬵ȴҵ鶼ƽһЩ¸ЩеŴѯʡ
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һڣǵӶż˵Ǿٲά衣
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ӥʿӶһʵʹǿڱڣȴҲܼѹŪЩ档
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ҺѧԺԺ˫֣÷бӥʿӶܹһ֮
ΪЩɵĹϵԼҪӥʿӶŽɢǵȴҲΪ
ϾҵѧԺԺʵǷǳǿģټһֺܹԸˡ
ԼߴӶľģȴҲɲܹ
һб·ߵʮֿҲҿͦڡ
Ľ¸ԵһЩᡣ
˵ʵķǳ֮죬ǵΪֹ˵ܹԼ׵Ӷˡ
һ֮ڣ׵ӶܵĴ޷ֲģиӵĸлʮҹ֧ԼѧԺԺƫ
ǵĻԼ׵ѪҲǰ׷ˡ
뵽¸ᶨ
֪ˣһԼߴӶ飬һǸ˫Ĵۣ
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531 

¸첽б˹ȥ
бղŻߴӶŵ˽ţһ֮ڶҺѧԺԺģŲûзϣ
ҲΪеǹɼᶨʼ֧һֱ롣
һʼû˼ȥ顣
Ȼ֮ŮЩǻһ
̧ͷ˷¸ķǡŮӰӳ÷бԵһЩ

¸ѾܹСһģֱ龰븸׵ĻС
ǰ˱ԼĸףͿʼѯ
ʧһ֮һֱڱչѾܹﵽߴӶſĵز׷ʲô飬˵һ£ھ
˷¸ĻбȻǱο
ھ˵Щʲôһ֮ھ飬Щ޻˵ˡ
ֻǲ֪Ӻ˵֮ܶһʱ֮˳Ĭ֮С
¸Ҳ֪һ֮ԼĸױȻܿȻ˵ĻȴɻҪġ
Ƿ¸еŭ֡
˵ڿԼĸףİ˲٣ǿ⸱ֹӣ¸Ϳһ֮ھʲôҲӵŭˡ
ٲ飬·¸趼ᱻø
֪ˣҲö˵ˣͽҰɡ
˵֮󣬸˷бһ񣬷¸˵ʹԯתٴ뿪Ӷ
ȻûߴӶŵˣǶڸԵܲ÷ˮԷ¸жҲԶ
ֱӴԯߴӶŵܲһ
Ƕڵʵ˶һӶţҲʲô¡
˵¸ʵһֱĿõģһ֮ǰܹͣĿ׼ս
ټϿ˫޵ĹϵԼ˵˫۷Ҳûκβء
ҲȷߴӶŵЩǵң⡣
϶Լ׵ӥʿӶѹԼܲȴܰĵĻƵء
һ¸ܹܵõ˵ûжȴɴ֮ζ
ӲܲӶŵ˻ûܷӦôһ¡
ͷԭΪǹֿԷڣǵǹƥǾͱֺ
һ̬ȾͲǹȻҲÿ
ͷ˸Ĳͷŷ¸ֱӵɵһ䡣
ôţǱӶµأҲʲôʵҰ㻹ۡ
Ļû˵꣬¸һǷ߾ֱӽ߳˺Զľ룬ײǽϣȻݺݵĻ䵽˵ϡ
һжڵʯ֮䣬˼ֱ;ÿĶգۡ
˲Ϣ֮һоͶѾˣôҶɵۣȫûܹӦôһ¡
׻ѵصߴӶŵˣ˺֮Ҳܹʱʼ裬ȫɫһȫװӡ
ʲôˣЩˣҲֻˣжѣӶŵͷòҪҰ
Ļ¸Цһ벻Ⱥ˻ǾƲԳԷơ
Ҳ֪ڵľʲôӵģͻԼ
һʱ֮ŭѾˣڿ⸱ִԲӣ¸͸Źˡ
ʲôʱˣ˵ĵǺֻǲ֪ûʹҵ
˵գ¸ϣֱۣǴ˹ȥ
Ⱥ˶ʱɴ۾û뵽Է֪ӶŵȴֱܹӶ֡
ǻ޿ֵľöԷҲֻŻŻǰˣϾߴӶŵǷǳǵġ
û뵽Է£δмܵʱֱ֡
¸ڵʵȫԸģټϵȼǵĲ࣬Է¸ٶȿļǲ׽
һ˳ȥֱӺɨ˴Ƭڴ˵ȴŵӶǣôҼɵۡ
ôܡ
ӶǶȵ˵֪ԷʵԱԼҪǿࡣ
ܹô̵ʱ֮ڷ֮ʽҲ֪ʵ֮ϵˡ
ַɿ侲ҲǳԼݵӰ죬ǿҲǵĲ
ֻҪǵĻǶԷǿҲӦˡ
ǾǿԼһ˶˷ԸҲҪţһСëˣЭδضԸֵһϡ
-

532 ѪϴӶ

¸һһ̲ͣĿʼ
ԯҲ԰ģ˲Ҫ¸ˡ
˴ĶǺ죬ǿĹϵǵʵԶԶȺ˵ġ
ӶǴŴžͲѷ֣ԭ˶ǶɽµΪǲЩɫס
ȻѾʼ򶷣ǾûͣĵҲֻӲͷƤ¸轩֡
ʵĴ򶷺ܿͽˣߴӶŵĵһӶž¸ԯɵĽˡ
˵ûнǸϾɱҲʿ
֮ܲڵģȺӶܿͶˣϹҲʵͬʱʿҲ˲١
վԭأ߰ԭ˵
㡢Ǿʲôˣ
˴ŵѯʣϾǵ˽⣬ǴѹЩӶžǿҲʵˡ
ƾǵݣǶ޿ֹˣȻǾôѹӶţҲ𷴿
ǲˣһյʵǿ˵Ĵǵ糤¶û̶ȣ
Ӧ¸ƺֲ֡
һͬԾһĶ˵˭ҪҪӦúúõԼʲô
һ⻰Ӷ˲˳Ĭ
Ҳ˵Ƕ鲻˽⣬Ҳûз˼˼ѹͲ׷¸˵Щʲô
󡢴ܣĲ˵ʲôʾ
ȺӶû棬ϾʵǰҲòͷ
Цʱ򲻵ͷĻǵ³ʲôĻ֪ء
Ļ¸跴ˡ
ԼǾ죬Ⱥ˶֪Ϊʲôɼж಻Լ׵Ӷŷ
ֻ¸Ҳû˸Ǽȥ飬ǿʼżɽĽ͡
ӶŵӰɣﰵĴѹӥʿӶţôĵӣ
һ£˵ڳ˶Ȼˡ
ѹӥʿӶŵѾãÿ˶֪
һˣҲûӥʿӶŷչκ⸴˾Ȼãˡ
֪Լʲôطˣţ¸вԵĿڡ
¸軰䣬ȺӶĸ˵һͷ絷⡣
Ҳ֪Ӧôô¸ѯʡ
ˣȺӶڴӦȫҷ
˵ǵųܲ£ȻǰӦˡ
ΪųڣҲδܹùͻͬһĴܣԵȻҪԥӦˡ
ǿӣ¸ȴɾò⡣
ߴӶԸһ˵ֵģȴԼĸ׻ǷǳĲƽµ롣
˵ãǵų˸˵һġʱһߴӶŻһ𣬸ҵĸ׵ǸʱǶӥʿӶŵѹһĽͣȻҾưոݡ
˵һ¸ƺž⣬Ǿֱתͷ뿪ȫȺ˴𲻴Ӧ
ȺȻ亹ֱðȥĻԻ档
ǻɾܾ
𰸵ȻǷ񶨵ġ
¸ԯ編ƣѵߴӶš
һ·˵ͨġѪϴû˸
ܿ죬ͼ䶯ǣ۶
мӶŵܲųҲǷ¸ȴȫûиӣǰֱӺݺݵĽѵһ
ԾųܲҲûκôղòҡͶ
Ϊ¸۵ԯһʵÿһӶŶǴһɱ״̬ȺӶŵ˶
£ôܲӦ¸
˵ڰ֮ڣ¸ԷһٶȽѵߴӶŵˡ
ٶȣ˵Ĺľ϶δ
¸ȴûͣΪĻûнҲҡ
ҷչĺܺãһҪһȽƼ̲
ʵ̲̲ƼңҲ¸û̫Ĺϵ
ǼȻҪߴӶŴѹԼӶŵ飬ҲͲַܹ¸費ˡ
ѵߴӶ֮󣬷¸ֱԯһ̤ƽƼһģֱӴҵľء
ΪҵĹϵܺãԾǵĵҲš
¸ԯһͿ˵Ҳͬһҡ
ζڷ¸ԯ˵ΨһͬĴžҪԼѹ
Ǳֱܹҡ
-

533 Ӳؼ

ˣӲؼҵĹܼڵõϢ֮ǰؼҼ㱨
ؼҼİ𣬲Լҹܼ
㻹Ҫңֱ²ͺˣ
ؼҼĻ˿ȥ¶ɫ֮ԥԥĿ˿ڡ
Ѿȥˣֻǡ
ֻʲôСϻģҲְ
ؼҼ⸱µӾһֺݺݵһӡ
ŵùܼһһȻؼҼӲҪϽʵ˵ܼҲûʲôԥˡ
˵ӲҪ˵ĻҲؼ棬οҼһԡ
ûʱ˿ҼؼҼһһһҵĴһ¼ϵ顣
ȴһҼҲ֪ǺֻԭĺȲ衣
ؼҼԼҹܼҼǰʵڲǸ̬ȣǲŻһֱܼҸϽ˵
ֻؼҸǰأδסѾ쵽ǰˡ
ʲôؼҼһβ𾪣
ȫû뵽Ȼ˴ܺɨؼңؼҵĸֳδ
ҲһؼҼʵ벻λܣæüͷԼҹܼѯ
֪ǵļҴܣǺҲ
ؼҼѯʹܼҿȥЩΪˣǽֺ¼ٶѣջ˵˵ݡ
һĲǱˣǷ¸衣
ؼҹܼ˵껰֮󣬱˵ؼҼˣҼҲֱվһŵӡ
һ֮ڣȻбӥʿӶţһﰵĶƼʩѹȴȫ¸
ΪȫˣʼͬͷڹһڰŲš
һʱȥˣȻžȻҵļ嶼оȡ
ȷûпһ֮ǰǷ¸ȻǷҲֻһЩʰˡֻһڵݣô
ѾǺڵʵˣֵ˶ܹóѾǴԲˣϾҪɽڣ
ܼұļ٣ԼҼ˵ǲŸԷ
һĻҵļˤȫû뵽һû¶ķ¸Ȼһ֮ھʹﵽʵ
붼ģҪ֪ЩеѸߣȴС뱲ӣδʵ
˵¸һ֮ڴﵽʵ붼룬ֺš
ⲻܣǿˣȺ˵Ĺ۲ҲҪôǷ¸裬ûõʵˣֶΣҪô˸ͲǷ¸裬Ϊ棡
ؼҼһ˵ţһҡͷһŵģ
Ҽ𾪵˵ʼվԭأû仯
۾ûգһ£ԭزҶ
ǹܼҵϢôʼʱǺؼҵȺһͬӲˡ
ܹﱨΪǰʵӦˣĶôд
ˣ˸Ϊݡ
ʱ򣬼ǼûʣҲҲ
С˵İ㲻ˣ¸һǸ˸ǿֲĿǰΪֹѾ˶ɽڴԲֻһ͵Է֣ؼҵиһͬϣδǵĶ֡
ԯ䱾Ͳͷʱȷ¸軹Լʵ
£ǲ֪ԯҲȻȻġ
ֻû뵽ؼҼҼĻ֮󣬲ûΪ˸е̾¡
ûĻΪ֮ǰ顣
ֻǲ֪ΪƼҶΪӥʿӶŶ
ȻߵĿԿܻһ㣬ҵļ˵Ҳû̫Ĳֻ͸Ǳˡ
⡢⵱ΣؼҼȻЩңæԵҼ
˱ˣʱŶԷҲ޿ɺǵ顣
ҼҲһ㣬οݺǶ˶룬ô֪ܲ¸辿Ǻݣ
ԷԸؼңؽž꣬ʱֵĻ˵зĻᡣ
͸Ͻ˹֣ͶؼҼ˵ģͻؼȻؼ֧Ԯ
ҼĻؼҼ˿æ˻֡
ȥأȥأ
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534 

ߣҪԼļȱҲͬûС
ؼҼ˵ҼȥأȻǰŻûãǱ
ҼԽӲػعͷȻ¸ԯӰ׵ӳ
ѾؼҵЩҶȫԵֵǵĲ
һ·˵ͨ裬ؼҼĹܼǶʱ֮ڣ¸ǾѾһ·ɱ
㡢ôؼҼŵӳŷ¸
֪ξ߲ƣ¸ȻٽһһЩ飬ؼҼͿ˽⵽Է﾿Ϊˡ
Ȼ֮ǰЩȴѲܳأѾǷʵ
Ǽȶ飬ˣؼҼ÷ǳֱ׳
ҲûдģϾǿʳǿ档
ӥʿӶȻֲӶŵʱ򱻴ѹûκλػ֮Ҳ顣
ֻӥʿӶԭûʲôĵ̣Ǹոհᵽ۶ǣ
ԣȫԷĻᡣ
Ļŵ¸Ķ͸֪ûʲô
֪һԼڵʱ֮ڣҡ
ûаҲͰˣƵƵĴѹԼ׵ӥʿӶš
ֻҪһ뵽Ǹɣݣ¸;ʹҲ֪һԼǶǴ
δڸߣ³Է¸赱ȻԼЩεġ
ҲӼᶨ˷¸ҪҸľģǵĻӥʿӶҲĺ
Ȼһ֮˵Ļ¸ʱȫûҪŹǵĴ㡣
ԭпܶȫûĵز
ΪԷȫûʶԼĹֱ׳ԼΪҪӲļ塣
ڷ¸гɸԼΪˡ
ؼһγƺˡȻЩûеµ飬ҲҪҶ㡮Ͼɱ
¸ȫǾ帲ֻҪôˡ
˵ڻܽ壬ҲҪǵԼ׵棬ΪһǸߴӶһ
տʼʱؼҼ˷¸ĻΪڿЦ
ֻˣСȫûнѵԼһֺ״̬
¸вҲûκִǱøӵֱ׳
ЦǺηŻҲ˵óڣѲ㻹ܽؼҸ˲ɣ
ֿⷬ˿Ǽŵӣ¸費ŭЦ
ұû˼Ȼ㶼˵ĻҵԸԡ
˵֮󣬷¸˵ֱӳУֻһӶѣѴһʯϡ顣
һʯ֧ţŲô
ǰһжеģؼҼʱԭء
Ҫ֪ڵĹҲδػһͽһʯ顣
Ƿ¸ȴõοֻһӰˡ
ҼҪؼҼĶ࣬ʱǳ䵱һˡ
֮ǰ¸֮ìܣҼʱΪԱȻڼƽǰӡ
дǶѾ֪ʵʵʲôҪ󣬾ˣ
ŶǱؼҪࡣ¸迴ҼһЦ
Ҽһõ˷¸ĿޣΪȷʵǿʼˣҲû˸ղֽŵա
Ƕʱ˿صҲ
ǱߵؼҼ͸˵ˣ񶶵ͬɸ
һǸղһĻСĳڶûлܹŪôһ¡
ʵϣ¸Ҳûоʹ˷Źǵ˼
ǲʶĻȻ⵽ĳͷ
ֻҪһ뵽һʱԼһУ¸;һ
Ȼ׾ٵķŹǣǺ뷨
ʱ򣬼ȻҼѾԼҪĻǷ¸赱ȻҲԥ
λҲ֪ԼЩʲôɣΪΪԼһһжۡ
ؼҼվԭûκεķӦҲ֪ȥˣûȥ
ҼԵЩɻ󣬲Ҳֱӽеɻѯ˳
ʲô˼Ҳ㲻̫ʾ
һĵӣ¸ûһ󷴸С
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535 

ʵҲûʲôܹҪֻϣܹ˵棬ǣ۶ҵĸ׵ǸһӥʿӶһ
Ҫڷ¸迴ѾǼˣǻܹӦĻȻǲ롣
ο̵һʱ̲һڵķ¸ԼʵѾҪٶǶ͡
ǸκΥԼ˼飬Ƿ¸赱ȻǾǵΪˡҲõˡ
û뵽ǣǶ˻ЩƲԳԷƣԵһЩΪ
ؼҼԭһ㶵ӣҲüͷ壬Ƕ⡣
ҼҲͬüͷȻҲǲĽ
ΪʲôȻñܹͣŪ˸
ͺӶһǵ˵ϵ˸ǸĻ൱ĬԼЩֶΡ
ʱԻΪ½ЦùһЩĻܹΪ½ǵķ̸ˡ
˵ԼҪҵ˵Щ飬ȻҲ뵽һõĺ
ұϾǴ壬ǵ۶쵱ҡ
飬Ȼö
ŻЩݣʱ˵˵ĻҲѷӵˡ
¸Ҳóǲʮֵ⣬ҷ¸Ҳ뵽ˣǸͲԸ顣
ʱ򣬷¸ôڸǷ˼Ļ᣿
ǲԸܵĻ¸赱ȻҲԼķӱЭ
λǺԸҵȻ˵ĻҲԣԻһַ
һԻһַ˵ҼˣؼҼҲװɵϣĿ˷¸衣
ƺھĵȴһΪֹȫ޸ˡ
˫ĿԼ¸ҲӣֱԼһ뷨
ֻ˵ĻûԵʮֱ䣬ȴҵļ岻
һҲܼ򵥣ֻҪ֮ͬڴƻҸ׵Ӷһͬ﷢йŭĻҾԸȡһȻˣʱ򲻹ƻǶʧپͲǵˡ
ʵϼǲӦһҲͬڶ¸ҲԽһͬʵʩǽҾʹ˸ҲΪ
ֻһ뵽ܵЩ飬Լһñܲɣӣ¸;ʱȻҪǸӵΪһЩ
߿˵ǱĥĻܹԼһܵί䱾ֻ
ҵļҲɵӣҲ֪ѡ˵ڶʲôġ
ǵһƻʱ˵Ϊ˶ˣǽⶥΪһС壬ҲִƵ顣
˵ĿǰΪֹؼҾѾܵ˼ʧ˵һ֮ЩõӰ죬ʱҲԲסˡ
ֻҪһ뵽ؼҼΪԼЩڡ
ûС˵ĲԣټܹõԶհδĻҲᷢ顣
Ϊһ֮ǰ¸ѾչֳΪŵ
Ծ˽һĻҲûʲôϡġ
ֻǸʱؼҼ˼ȫ̲Ƽң÷ܵ˼ϣҲûЩ顣
ο¸ԯȷˣ벻һʱ֮ڣǾܹҲġ
ϧ¾ûкҩֶھ̸ڣҲûκΰ취
ڼֱ͸͵ʴûʲôֱ͸Ӧһ֮ǰЩ
ֿԣľ˵Ҫʳ
ûгΪǵһңҪ³ؼҼôܷ
ʱǲҲ÷
ԷʵԼеЩֶֹˡ
ƾֺεºԷԿ
Ȼ֪ԼҼҲǶɽڵʵ
ǶԷƺҪȶɽڻҪǿʢԴҲûʤ㡣
Ҳò뷨ҪȻĻƴһĿҲûκκ³ǲԼļټðա
ԺΪһСңҲжɽĻᡣ
Ȼϣãܹƽȥ
ᶼˣ֪ҪʲôԵȻҪʶʱΪˡ
ͬһһؼҼԼѡ
¸û˵ֱӽĿͶؼҼԵҼ
Ҽ¸轫ĿɨԼ̵ͷʾԼҲ뷨
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536 

Ľ¸ʼѾõˡ
־ô飬ܹԼĸһѩǰܣѾǷ¸Ժˡ
һﶼ˳ŸҲ˶еο
ڽһϵ֮ȲػصӥʿӶŵܲҵԼĸףҽϢһͬ
¸ԯһͬӥʿӶŵܲʱһӡ
һʱ֮ڣܵĴ˻治С
ǵǿķ¸ԯ֮ϣĹâٴθ֡
ϴСǻˣ
бڵͷרĵĴеЩԱ˵Ļ̧ͷŴŵķ˹ȥ
Ȼǡɿ˴ʱ˿߹ķ¸ԯ䡣
беվͬ˹ȥ
ӶҲΧƺǷǳڴһǰȥַĽ
¸֮ǰЩʱʼձһӡ
Ϊ֪ЩĿǰΪֹЩΪǾ˼ǵģҲҪеһĺ
صԼļңȻҲʼձ񾭡
οе鶼׵ˣľǽϢԼĸ׺ȺӶֵǡ
ȻҲǣֱչ¶ЦݣҶŷб
ѾԲĽˡҪߴӶźգ۶ҵ˵棬ӥʿӶһĵǸӽǷһӥʿӶţܹչˣ
⻰бĿвתʲôȥʮּͲ۷Ứ
λû˵ЩʲôԱǾͷ·ǱΪһĻ
ӥʿӶŵ֮ܲڶһǰδеĻͺһһĥѶͷһ
С꣡ӥʿڰ˳ͷ֮ˣ
ȺС֮ǰͷڿǳԵѵˣ
ڶ¸ҲȺӶǸеϲ
Լĸ׽һ׮£֪һʱ֮ڣȺӶֲ벻ĸԼߣԼΪȺӶ
̫ˣϴ󡣡֪б˵Ǿǰļ
бŵ˵ͷǸոջ
ڶ۶½ҵ˶Դжš
һҹ֮䣬ҲûЩѹȣ˲˶壬Ϊ˵һҡ
εضһʱͷ˿ɼ
򳹵ݣΪСҡ
Ϊ֮ǰܵʧʵ̫ڶˣǸϾԹˣ͸ỹûйԱˡ
ߴӶҵӥʿӶűǸһ¹ߴӶŵҲܵˡ
ӥʿӶ⣬ЩһͬѹӶʱҲ׷
˵ʵԶӥʿӶţǶӥʿӶŶʮֵĸмԼ
ϾڵһжӥʿӶΪǴģӥʿӶŲڵķ֮ա
Դ֮ӥʿӶӭ˵һӶŵλãͬһλı
¸ڱչһ֮ڳɾ顣
ǳɾԼԯһΪͬԼĸ׶ϣǵӶųΪ˵һӶš
ͬʱĸһֱŵķ˵Ұ
һзĶ̫죬˵ֱͬһ
ʱ˿̵ķ֮ҲһƬͰֵľϹʼδȴϲЦݡ
б¸ʱ˿ҲߣҶͣĿš
һʱ֮Ҳ㡣ʼæµӶŵ飬һֱרؽζϡܹﵽĳɹȫĹ͡
бһ§ϸԿޣ¸ҲЦŶԼĸ͡
ǰ벻ĸһСܹͽķҡҷչƴãûܹϵϣһеĸˡ
˺죬ҪǸŮ˽һ
ǺһŮİҲԯҲڳ룬׻ûʲô
ֻһϲӣָæǽ
ﶼ˵ĹͣҶҪǸˡϸĻ˶ĹûбǰΪڷ絲꣬ͬûȺӶֵǰҴĻҲĳɹԯְǰƽ£˷ڵĻԻ͡
ȥԽ˵ԽһҪ˵бϽЦŴԼİˡ
ãһӶǹͲҪˡ
-

537 ׷Ī

鼸˵ǽԴϲģںܶ˵һ¡
ּľĪңԼߴӶŵˡ
Ǵʼʱ֪ԼǵҲЩ顣
Ѿ˵£ôܳأ
οҲѾе˺ھǺҲΪʱ
ԭĴ⣬Ѿ׸ûʲô
ֻλϼҴڵĴԭʣµЩƲӵ˲֪Ǵ½
ⱲӶԷǲҳ˵Ұˡ
Ϊǲɸ˵ģֵ˵Ǹڵ۶˵ͬһ˺
֮ǰѹŵЩȫʱ˳Լڴ˴档
ǼǱ۶ǵһ󲿷˸ҹϳǣҲûˡ
ߴӶŵ³ȻҲòȥȫ˷ҵĹϽΧ֮ڲ˵ҪһӶӥʿӶŵ¡
˵ǶӥʿӶҲΪ
ҲΪӥʿӶһԾΪ˵۶Ӷŵԭ
һΪڵ¾ҪƼˡ
ƼҵȻΪ׷ĪģΪ¸ǧ˿Ƶϵ
ܹʼʱͰǵ˿ֺߵһ
ǵļ˵ޱȣڷ¸չصһʱ֮ڣӥʿӶźͷңƼҲɱܵ˴ѹ
ԭؼҾҪ̲ƼҵģôõĻôܷŹ
Ȼһʱ֮ڶͣĶƼҴѹţѾ˲˶ҵĵز
Ƽҵʱң͸ӵĶԵΪڡ
֮ǰĴ֮ףȻƼҷҲûбֳκεĲϿɺͷȫ֧֡
һʱ֮ڣܵżʹѹڼ䶼ҺѧԺ֧š
񣬾ǶԷˣҲ˵ʲô͸ҵļͷ¸Ľˡ
ʮҹ¸йһιͬľһξġ
¸Ҳʮҹ˲СĸʮҹȻǰѷ¸赱ԼˣҪҲľĶԴҡ
еϵһά˹Ƕ˶Ƿ¸ѡ
֮ǵĹϵ˵޼ġ
ֻҪ¸ҪѵҲᾡǣȻǲض˵
Ĵ壬Ψһûκα仯ϵľҪˡ
Ҵͷ໥֣ϵҪãȻǿƼۺޱȡ
Ҫ֪ҲĴ֮ڵһ˳ҰҲɱԭλá
ΨǲϲεĴأȻǾƽ
ҲҪıȡڷҵݣ˭ҪʣƼȻҲ⡣
ڼһΣٴαչأҾ׶ٳˡ
رƼҵ˳κҲԲᡣ
ƼҵľԼǶƼҵۣҲҪȥϽ
ֱ͸Ʒһ൱һĺˡ
ƼҼǳܹᵽƼЩ˵ʧ
ˣʲôܹԼı뷨飬Ҳֻ̹ȻĽˡ
Ҫİ취Ҫ̷Ƽٴαչ֮ƼҼ̾;ٰһμᣬһ¸ٴν֡
һϵҶ˽⣬ҲҶ˵Ǿܹôһ¡ѾܵУȥĻºܿҪΪˡ
˵֮ƼҼҲ˳ĬȻڸһʾϣܹʱ뷨ӡ
ҲһĳĬţΪҲ벻κܹ״ķӡ
ƼҼ֪ΪѣԳĬһֲ֮
ûκη뷨ǶҪཻһ¡ҪȻĻʼ׷Īֲܸı״ܲһһĿǵļҲŸɡ
⻰Ƽҵ˲־ȷʵʮ𼱵ģƼҼ˵Ҳʮе
ǾͶ˳˼뵽ʲô˵ʲô
ʱƼҵһ˼һͶ˿ڡ
Ȼô˵ǴѵûΪʱ֮ƼƺûܵκӰ죿Ȼ֮ǰܵЩѾ޷ֲѾΪ˶ҡһʱ֮ؼݣǵǷƽ˾˲١
Ļ֮һƬĬ֮С
ǲò˵ϸ˼һλ˵ĻЩ
-

538 

δҲ̫˰ɣǿҲΪʸ֮ģ˸ͲҪԴϾǰչõʱҲͬ۵顭
˵Ƽ˶δ˵ЩʲôĻ
Ϊ˵ĵȷеģ֮ǰΪĴ壬Ҳȫûκԭġ
ûκֶεĻǺĴġ
οҲûбҪŸɣȻΪ뼯壬Ҳ顣
дССҲ˲ˣһֱ£˻ʱ֮Σ
һʱ֮ȴ쳣İ˵ǼƼΪ˶壬ȴֺ˴һ
ǾðĵͬʱȴһЩ
Ϊûʲôʱ򣬾ͷ·ʲôҪһ
õܹ֮ĵûܵκε谭ҲȫǷ¸Ĺ͡
¸Ƽҵ̬ȱǲŲʵģʵڱһֱ֧ƼңƼ衣
ΪλҲȫǳԭ
˵ڷ¸ԼҲƼûκιϵҪٸƼκεĹϸ
ΪƼҴδϹԼ׵ݣԼСһֱĴƯ
ǶԼĸ׵̬Ҳãһжڷ¸
֪ƼҾһȺʲôˣȻǲҪٺйĽӴˡ
ƼԼıƷ⣬¸Ҫô޸УҪô񣬼˵Ҳû顣
ȻҲΪƼԼĹϵ¸ųٳδƼ֡
ҪȻ֮ǰЩ˶Ϊ¸ҲɶַǧǧΡ
ƫƫƼԷ¸軹ǲ֮ǰҲ޵İ¸衣
һݾϣ¸ҲƼô
οóҲƼҵЩ˴żʹޣȴִ
ôѪԵԶ޷Ĩġ
ǶͲ̫ãѪҺǱŵЩƼְֺޣмֻ
¸һ㲻ҲܹóҲⷽ˺֡
Ϊ˷ֹԼĶƼʲô飬Լĸ׻еѹԷ¸ʼ֧Ƽңûܵκδ
Ǿͬڣܵӻһ
˷¸ķ֣ټձƼҲһֱ浽ڡ
һƼȻǲ֪ģҪȻҲʱóۡ
ԹҪĶҲǸٺͷ¸˴ϻ
Ļ֪δ·չȻҪ΢СĻᶼסŶԡ
ȥһ·ҰɡҲİ취ˣĻһûн˵ֱǰ֮ڨ棬ҲһͻɹΨһİ취ˡ
ƼҵĴ֮ڣ뷨
˶ؾǾͷ׷Ӧ͡
ǰֻҪܹϹϵĻԺʳˡҸˣпܽǼĴ֮ڡ˵ĴѾֻʣңǶһҲ࣡
⻰һַ׷׵ͷϿɣ˸һ֮ǰ
رһ㣬ҵŮԲôǰҲƼҵˣⷽϾԻͨб˵֮ǰδǽܣҪ׸ŮݣҲδزõᡣǷ¸裬ĹٴҲƼҵһѪһĻĿԡ
һһĳ⣬ƼҼҲͣĵͷ˼š
Ҳİ취ܹãòϿ˵뷨
ǰ֮˭ȥʼʱƼҼҲǾЩΪѵģҪһ¡
Ǵȴһ¾ʱҲɸ֮ǰһƼҼԳŻԵøΪϡ
ƼҼ롣˵ҲȷʵеǾ;ǹƥǰ¸׽
ڼ֮ڴһƼҼҲԥֱӾ·ˡ
ʼ޽ʱҲһصġ
ǲ֪ΪΣ;Ǹʱľȫͬ
˵ǸʱĴԼⷽҲûκα仯
ͬˣԷݱˣζҲͱˡ
ֻƼˣǸϽȥ
ڶԷ˹ˣԼǰȥҲΪ˺׽
ľıȻǽȻͬģҲᡣ
-

539 ֮

ڵķȻ͵ͬкܶط¸Լоר˸ˡ
ͱ˵ǵη棬տʼƼҼʱƽصġ
Բôܹ׾ٵҵҵλá
Ļ˶ܹҵȫȻǼġ
ͺñұʱ򣬷¸ԯܹ׾ٵĽؼҵķΧ֮ڣҲרָ
ǼΪԿģؼҵ뵽һ֮ҲĪ
ȻˣЩͷ¸ԯĹҲһĹϵ
ǻѰˣҲδܹҵǷ¸ⷽ滹ǾԼĸĸ롣
ȻҲûԥֱӰĸʼһӵĸˡ
ȴȻҲǵηϵƣŪ󷨡
Լ˷ҵƬ֮ڣûзҵļҶָҪôѽңҪôͿլȻǲ˴š
Ҳڷ֮ͥ󣬷¸߲ˣԼĸһĿռͬʱҲһ徲Ļ쵽˴š
ͺñʼʱ򣬷¸豻뵽ȥʱһǸʱҲҪҵĹܼҴ·ġ
ûҵĹܼҴ·ҲǺѽġ
һ¸Ҳʮҹȥ̣ʮҹҲǶķ編ƣȻȻҲŪδϹ󷨡
˵ⶼ˺ôľŪģҲһҵİȫ
¸Լڵʱĸһڼʲô
οҲеæûʱյĸ顣
ӥʿӶŵһʱ֮ͻȻҲͬæòɿ
Է¸ԼĸһĻͬʱҲҪ֤İȫ
˵ڷȷʵŶһҲԸǱĸ״˵ˡ
ⷽҪЩѡ˷ȴ㲻
ֻҪѡˣϺõİ֡
ⷽǺͷб񣬷бѡ˷Ҳʮֵĳ뻯
ҪȻĻΣʱ̣ôԸͬҲ벻Ӷֵǣ
ҲһǼҵ٣ûôŷбͷ¸һķ֮ˡ
ҹȺˣȴûʲô
ԷأеԸ
Ϊ޼ҿɹԸͬһգȻȻҲͳ˷ˡ
¸֪֮Ҳο
巽棬һ֣¸ͷбҲġ
ûרָƼҼҪҲʮѵ顣
Ȼû߶þѾ·ˡ
֪ôһ£Ҳ֪Ƿ󷨡
ǵڻûӦԼǷ¸ǲԸԼ
ֻԼһĿģΪ׽綼ûκλĻֵʲôʵأ
ƼҼҲԥֱ֮ڴ󺰴С
ǼװԼȥΪֻҪĻͲûԼӦûл¸ǲǡ
ˣ·ˣҲȥ·ˣ
տʼ󺰴УƼҼ˴ﶵתתûûˡ
ЩţʵҲȷЩꡣ
ǵԼȥĵǼ¸ǣǾצ֮кá
˽Ӧˣ
ֺ˰֮󣬻Ӧˡ
ֻˣĿȴΪ˴ȥ¸裬һԵǰָ·
ͻȻԼǰָ·ƼҼﻹϣĹâǾ͸ĬĬǰȥ
ţɵľ뿪˸ղʼԭشתĵط
Ȼڳȥ֮󣬾ֻصʼʱ
ռĵطûеҵķΧ֮ڣƼҼܹóоͲż
ǰԼ·ļҶϾҪ뿪ˣǸæѯʡ
λȱߣܷȥҵļǼĸҲС
ǰ·˿ػͷһ֪ǽܺá
ֻǶƼҼ΢΢һЦžͶ
ƼټԼǶѾ˽ˡֻǿ涵תתãΪ·˳ȥԲҳӦҪǵ飬ڼ֮󣬾ֱӾܾһ㡣ǻ㣬ƼȻذɡ
˵ֵ֮ͷƼҼ⣬һʧƼҼǰ˵ȥĪˡ
ƼҼɵۣû뵽Լͷʲôûɡ
ڼǻȥӲһҲù˵ˮһˡ
-

540 ෬

˵һα֮ľ飬ƼҼȴûз
֪ƼӣҲҪʵס
û¸˵档Ͳܹ顣
û죬ٴεŰݷá
Ȼǲ˵Ҳ֪
ϴһָ·ļҶδ˵ĻҲʹǰͬһʧǰ
ƼҼڲͬʱȴһΪĸо
ͺþȨһȭȴ޻档
һȭμˣȴֲܳأϾ򶼴ȥˡ
ĳƼҼҲ֪һԼǰˣԲòεٴθϻԼļ塣
ȴûзһεʧܣ˸ĳԡ
֮;ŰݷƼҡ
ڣ򲻸ˣʮ֮󣬷¸ͬˣһ档
˵ĽǾܾ䣬˵ⶼǺˡ
ξԸƼҼᳵ·
ᳵ·뿪ɵ·
һ·֮ҲԼ߳ȥ￪ʼУϣƼҵļҶϽӦԼ
ˣ·ȥˣ¡ļҶȥһ棬лҪ˵
տʼʱƼҼź¸䡣
Ǻһ룬ȻԼҵĺŵ֮ǰ͸û̫Ľ
Լεĵ˶ԷһʼʱͺԷΪԷҲδػӼԼ
ԲͺһԼŮĻ鷽棬ʮȻӦԼ
СžţƼҼɲͣ
κʱԳһЩһϵĺ֣ǾĲˡ
ιòмҶָֻҶռƼҼԵЩΣ
ƼҼ
һ⻰ƼҼϲˣ֪ͬԼ
ϵɫֱͿϲʤݣͽĸڷҼҶ󣬲һ̲ͣĹ۲ܡ
ԭ᲻·ΣȴƽҲûʲôͬ͸ҶԼ뿪ʱ·һ
֪ⶼ󷨵ãû󷨵ĻЩ·Ȼǲһġ
󷨣ܵķ羰ƺһ
Լǲ뿪·Ҳǲҵ·ԶƼҼ˵ź
ȻܼˣǾһк˵Եʮ־ϲĸš
ŷҼҶãưƵģҰ
ҵȷʱͬˣֽ̻Իͣɻֺ𺳡
ɽˮɻڵĴƬɻ˾Ŀ
۶֮ļ紺ƫƫҷ㣬˵һļһ֮С
ĳƼҼ΢Щ𺳣ȫ󲻵һᷢչĵز
ĳܹףΪηܹһԾΪһˡ
֮ǰ֮һֱҲֻĬĬڷչԼļ塣
ҲΪѹȣԲʼ޷
˷¸ֱ֧֣һ·ֱϡ
ҿڵĳҲĽеˡ
Ϊһмֱͬõİţǿڵķչܹס
ƼҼ񿴵ĳȴҲǽĿעת˻
ΪĸĲӦ̽ڵķҾʲôӣӦһͷ¸ʱӦ˵Щʲô
Ȼͬһ·߹ȥ֮󣬺ܿͷ¸ȴš
бһĲڣæµӶŵ顣
¸ʱ֮ҲʼûлѧԺΪҪһϵе顣
ҪȽͷ½֮ٻѧԺһĴ㡣
ѾԼδ·һĹ滮ȫõһôߣһô
ĿǰΪֹõĴ㣬ȻҪͷĽˣܹһ¡
֮ƼҼԵһЩ
ôʱԼЩŬûа׷ѡ
ǶһоͻϣȻҲ˲١
ֻ¸ڿ֮ϼûʲô仯ԵЩһѾ
ƼҼȻǶԼʲôı飬˵ʲôľˡ
֮ܶԼǣҲûܹԼҪ˵һ
ֻҪԸƼҪ˵ָտɴˣԴƼҼȻڴ
-

541 ޻

֮ںȻӿ͵ģҲûмΣǼ忪ĵط
ʵϷҲҪĵطΪܹƺҲûжˡ
ǰΣ¸ĸŮ˲ŶƺѾȴƼҼá
һĻȻȲǰΪʲôҪԼԲʼյȴš
Ҳôεı֮⣬һᣬһжԵʮֵá
ɡ
ûп˵Եķ¸ʾƼҼǶλá
ƼҼǾϲ֣ΪǷ¸ԼᣬæȲȥ
Ȼţ¸ûٴο˵Ĵ㣬ʼԭԼеĲ豭ϸϸƷ
ԭƼҼ˵ĻǺܶģǵȴʲô˵һһж繣ں޷˵ڡ
ʼĬĻƼҼֲ˵Ƭƺһĳ棬Ҳûκ塣
ϸ˼һƼҼջӲͷƤĿ˿ڡ
ġ
˼ܵĿǣĿľǶ˵Ĺϵ
Ƿ¸üһĮû˵Щʲô
Ҫ֪ԯԼĵ⣬δܵĳƺԼ֡
ЩѶǳƺԼ¸裬ֻмΪ׽˲ŸҳƺԼ
˵ʵڵģǰ˵Լ⹫˶ԼӰ첢
ҲûΡ
ÿһμԼԣûԼʲôɫ
ͻȻһЦĳƺԼ¸Щִ⣬Ļǲϰߡ
͸˵ˣ֮ǰһϵ飬˵Ƕ˼ҵǶеЩʧ
ڸеʧͬʱֶ֮ǰļд˼ҪȻҲ˽һĻ
ȫԲκ˽ǲƼҼһ档
ôҲɰ֮⣬ⶼǳе顣
ǾΪȺϵڣټѪԵĹϵʵ޷ʼƼҼŮüҶƼҼ˽
ʲô˵һʲôû˵Ϊ׽ĳƺһǵ֡
Щ⣬
Ҫ˵ʲôǲģҲûǸ˼ȥ¡
ֻĬĬĵȴƼҼģԼĳƺƺûʲôӰ죬ƼҼ˿ͼ˵ȥ
Ķڷҵķչǳ𾪣ǱϾҲ֪Ƽ׹ϵеѪԵǼϵģԸԸΪһϵƼҶһء
һ˵̧֮ͷ¸Ҳͱˡ
ӸտʼСΪڵֺãŵġ
֪ڵݴɲˣĻ֪δᷢʲô顣
Ȼû뵽ո˵ڣͱٵĸˡ
Ƽ붼ҪˡǿƵƵˣĸһϵҲͬڡҾãҲ޻ˣʲô˵գĶ黹ǲҪ˼
򵥴ֱĻؾƼҼô
ֻʱװɵװһӡ
⻰ʲô˼ʵֻϣƼܹŷҵɽ𣬱Ͼǡ
ƼҾ˵⻰Ҳ̫ʵһЩʲô̬ȣɶǼǵôҵĸ׺ĸ׵ģҲӦĿŶ԰ɣ
¸ֱӴƼҼĻ˴ǰ飬һЩ
һ⻰ƼҼʱƿԡ
˵Щʲôȴ˵ˡ
ʱеĲ豭̾˿
Щʲô鶼ԼŮԼͷ
ڼԼĸףȴͻȻʲôҲ˵˵Ҳſڡ
ѾܹǰֱˡҲ֪ǵĹϵжôݣЩȵĻҲһڵ˵ǵӦøм㣬ֻҾüǲҪ̫ˡ֮侭飬ͲӦǣ˲Ŷԡ
ǡ
һϣѾܸˡΪҶƼҵ鲻̣ԸҲڰаƼңؼӦò˽ЩɣǸİĻƼҿͱϷֵˣܻڵλáΪиӦԲŻƼұסĵλҲͬΪ֮Ĺϵѵ⻹𣿡
һ⻰ƼҼʱɵۡ
-

542 

ƼҼ˵ǻл㱵뿪
֮ҲҲûҪҵĴ㣬ǾúõĻȥʣµӡ
Ϊ֮ǰȫûģԭ֮ƼܹƽƽĶȹӣûκ˸ǣΪܷƽȮ۵ĳ
Ϊ¸˸ĬĬ֧һЩ˼ҵ
ԭΪԼĹͣһҲȷˡ
ļ壬Щô֧ŵЩ
ǳȴͣĺܣûǰʼδǵ鷳
ͷϵĳͻδЩȻǷ¸˵Ĺ͡
ƼҼ˵ǼٵģЩл㱣֪ηӦ
Ҳ֪ЩǼΪ飬ǽЩ˵֮ҪٸƼһһЩӣȴҲûˣ෬ԭԭ
õĽƼҼҲ֪ܹٶ˵ЩʲôѾûȥ֮ҪԼνˡ
ǿ˲ٵģƼ֮ƼҵĴСﶼͨͨΧһϣĿΪһȥҲջ
û뵽ûǳѯʣƼҼͿƵȻ˵һ䣺еʱҪۿ˵ͣҲҪԼļ˵ˣ鵱飬Ļġ
˵֮ͻԼ鷿֮ڣҲûлش˵⡣
ͽƼҵԭأһãȻĿıӰ
֪ǺãȴϸϸƷζµһ仰
ƼҼ뿪֮󣬷¸һ鶼ǽˡ
ڱչ֮ǰҪõһ£ƼҼ뿪֮ԼĸƺҲһЩ㱡
Ǿ͸æֱ˱ž˸顣
ףȥȥɡңҲеǶһֱġһжˣʲôĵأ
һ⻰˲٣Ҳĵ¶һЦݡ
ָֽ˷¸ֱĸŮһ𣬼ֱͿ˵á
Ҳ֪¸һֱԼ뷨ҲʼչעԼ飬̲ס԰ο
İɣ״Ӧ㲻Ϊˡ˵ĶԣȥľӦùȥѾЩ飬ʼվŹȥҲûʲô˼Ҷ
ţ¸Цŵ˵ͷĿתԼҪ˵ĻǾڴԼĸ׽
ףһϵе鶼ѾˣһûеɽڣҲֻһšҴչһܾҪãٴγصʱӭľǷʱҲûлڳʱȸк
һ⻰޾ȡ
û뵽ŮδضãҪչˡ
ҳ֮ҪӭĻڲԶĽ¾ҪȥһƬ½ˡ
ҲЩˡ
¸迴˼䣬Ҳ᲻Լġ
¸ΪһʼյԼ˶еޱҸ
ȴֲò԰οʱ˿ȥΪ䣬һԲ
ףģ˵ܾ֮ҪȥһƬ½ˣҲˡڵ޷½ɵĴУǵǱȴδûٻڽǻǻټģֲǻһӶһƬʱգԲҪоˣҺ𣿡
ʵǷ¸費˵һҲŮ뷨֧֡
ϾܹһһıøǿΪĸԸ⿴顣
Ϊеοģ¾ӵһܼҲǸоҫŮ
ݵķֱ𲢲ܹһӶңңٲܼ
½Ҳģʱ˻ԷÿǰҲ½ֲš
ڷֱʱҲٵЩˣǺҲǴһϰߵ״̬ھ͸ˡ
ţ֧㣡ֻڱչ֮ǰҲȥһɣŲԶĽһ˻ٻᣬҺһֱؼҵġ
ջЦףԼŮҲοŮԴ
֪¸ЩһŮӼܹĳ̶ȣģѾʵˡ
ף˼⣬Ҳûбֳˡ
¸Ҳͬ˵ͷõĸ׵֧֣ȻǸе˵ġ
ԯѧԺǵĸ͵һͬչصĽ׶Ρ
ڵõĸ׵Ͽ֮ҲȷĸԼһ
¸ĻʵϾ˵Ҳȥͷб
б֪鵹ûжˮܹ¸ԽԽҲһֱΪ顣
ֻķ¸ļ򣬾ͷ·ǿԼŮĳһбο
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543 չ

ڱչ֮ǰ¸ȥ顣
ȽҪһһ˶˹
ͱȷ˵ԼЩͬһԺӵĻ飬ԼСӵĳԱǡ
˵˷¸Ҫչ֮УһαչؾҪչغܾá
ˣ֮Ҫһȥˡ
ķֱ⧲Ҳȼһ
ǶһȺӵ׳־꣬ʱȻҲǱȼ˶־
ڷ¸չ֮ǰǶ׷׵ĳŷ¸ԯʾҲԸ⹲ͬŬȡһƬ½
¸裬ԯͷĵıչذɡǱչط֮ҪǵĵطҲǷԸͻȥҲŬģȡһƬ½
ξһЦĳŷ¸ԯҲǰû˵Ļˡ
¸ԯͷӦ
¸ЦȻ㣬ԯһζξǳԹ
ټġ
Ȼһ仰򵥵ĺܣǶξ˵ȷʵĪĳ
ԯ䶼ǳԹˣʲôɲŬʵԼأ
ȺСǵˣ¸ԯ仹صȥһҡ
Ϊֵһʱ֮ҲûлصѧԺǼҲлСҪȥ롣
Ҫһʱ֮Ҳǹ˲Сİûжʮҹüʾлɴ͸л͵һͬ˵ˡ
һصǵģһά˹ǱҲȥˡ
Ҷʮҹ鷿֮󣬷¸Ϳżɽ˵һԯĿġ
ʮҹǣȻϲһ⻰ʱֲ³˸š
δ˲٣ˣ֮ǰһֱӳƺҵǡѾڵΪˣǴ㳹׵ıչأúõһΰɣ˵ķȵɽڣȴǸȡ
ʮҹЦ˵ЦʵҲڵ٩Լ
¸ЦЦͳʮҹգգۡ
˵ﻰҲⷬĻҲﵽĿģҾǲ¡ڴŵʱܹһƬ½
˵֮Ҳûĵ𣬷¸ԯһͬ뿪
Ϊ˫ˮˣʮҹȻû
ֻ˵һףĻ뿪֮ʼԼ鷿˼
ʵϿ˷¸ԯΪҲܹģʼղϵĶԼڵĽ
ۿϾҪҪչˡ
ڷܺŬһ˶ģҲ֡
Դʮҹ͸ӵĸпˣҲΪ˵Ϊ˼뷨ͬҲǱǼ˾ġ
ʮҹҲʼ˼ԼǷҲӦΪԼƴһˡ
£ܹ㣬ǰһƬ½
ˣ죬ǧ֮ڴ½ҲеǱǻҪǿˡ
ԼڵҲֻһĴڣѵֻĻ
˼ţʮҹҲڱ˾ġ
׼һе飬󽻴ý֮;ͬ¸ԼԯһͬչҲܹӭɽٷ
ڴ֮ȥһͷ顣
ϾڵݻҼ¶ҪǰȻȻҪеĸָ
Ѵ󲿷鶼˵ϵӵܣҲά˹һС
Ȼ֪ҲҪĿǰΪֹǲֵεĺ󱲡
һȥһ£ԼҲ顣
ҲͬҪ֮ǰҲҪһĹ̡
ʮҹİõĽЩǡ
һά˹ЩҲʮָлʮҹΡ
˵ҲҪҲԲĻᡣ
һ죬Ƕߴġ
ڱչ֮ǰǻȥѧԺԺá
ѧԺԺǵ뷨ҲǳԹķ
ʵϲ˵ҲܹԼҪȻڷҲﵽĳ̶ȡ
˵˶ǿߣҲӵĹףԹҲ
¸ԯԺһΪ֮ǰл
ϾһֱԺڰǣﰵĶ֣ǽ̵ࡣ
ϾҪչصȴһչؾҪþãȻǲܹԺĶ顣
ڱչ֮ǰصԺһ֮ǰ飬ʾлͬʱҲ˳
ڵõԺϿ֮󣬷¸ԯ룬Ҳûʲôֵپ顣
ȻȻģҲͬ˱չ֮Уֻû뵽һչؾʮꡣ
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544 ʮĥһ

ǳ˵ʮĥһһڷ¸ԯ϶ֵ˼¡
ʮʱһգ۾͹ȥˣ½˵Ϊ棬˵ֻһɲǶѡ
Ϊ֮˵˵ġ
ԶȺ˵ʮʱ䣬ֻеһ
ҸʱԵüݣЩĥʱԵʮ
¸ԯȻʮʼûıչǶ˵ʮ껹һζ
ٻ׵ʱ򣬷ֿɿĶкܶ࣬һоַ·һգ֮䷢һ
ʮ֮һ磬ʵɫͻȻ
ƱãѧԺ֮һѧԱסԺϿգȫ۶ƺֻΪȴһ̡
ⳡ漫Ϊ׳ۣͻȻۼƬƣӺͺϾҪӿĻɽһԾԾԡ
ؾ֮ڣķ¸ԯ䶼۾
Ǽͬʱ۾˵֮ǰԯѹԼΪΪ˲Լͻƶɽڵľ磬Ѿѹ˺ܾˡ
ջ¸һͬ׼١
ֻҪ˳ȹͿһͬߵľˡ
ȻҲʼؾǲܹ׵ģ˵ǳȥĻҲɧңοﱾѧԺ֮ڡ
֮ǰؾȥ֮Ҳͬ
Ȼû뵽ǣԺϺһУԸ׼һ԰Ļûκһ˻ʱǡ
ھͳȥɣ׽ϾҪˡ
¸ָһԼڵȷϾӭ׽٣Ǿתͷԯ˵
ԯȻȻĵ˵ͷԭΪͼԽɽڣﵽЧܹ϶Ҳͬӭ˷
Է¸Ҫһ̤ͬؾ뿪ʮĵطصʵ֮Ҳܹʮ֮ǰǾ˵Ը
̤ϤԺӵʱ򣬷Ҳʮǰǽʱܵĳûʲô仯
ξѾˣΪǲסΪﴦɼ˾ĺۼ
ҲΪԺϵֶɽԾͰξǲ˳ȥ
ҲܹóԺһ硣
ֻҪȹ׵ĻΧ֣һὫЩ˺赲ڽ֮ڡ
ȸһĶɽٵĻֲõĻƻͬҲв˵ȫ
ԯͷ¸趼ɵõĸмԺܵ
̤Ժӵһ̣ϵķƱ任ӵľҡ
Ӿͷ·׵綼ѾͲסģҪһ
˵ˣǿֵȴ١
Ϊ׽ʮ׳ۣ˵ǲסһƬͻ۶֮ϵġ
˶ѧԺķ˹ȥҲ˼ѧԺʲôĴĽѡ
ɽٵǶ֪ᷢʲôģڹ۲쵽龰֮ҲѧԺ֮ھʲô
Ȼ¸ԯҲ뵽һЩ飬Ҳûйȥ˼
Ϊ˼ǽԺӣո̤ûü״̬ʱ׾ϡ
ΪǹͬɽٵԭһΪңͬʱ˫ϣΪǱ˴˶˲ʹࡣ
ʵʹ˵ʹ࣬˵һĥڷ¸ԯ˵ȫ㲻ʲô
Ҳܿ״̬˵һ֮Ҳ֪Ҫһ磬һٿɲһô׵顣
Ҫʼվʮŵ׽٣ÿһ׽ٶͦ˹ȥȽסղŻĵԷ
Ҫ˵׻һȫǵҲܣû˵Ķɽٻ򵥣졣
¸ԯͬһ㣬ʱ˭δһüͷûһ¡
λ˵ʮֵģ׽֮жһ٣ûӰ쵽Χ˲˵ȴʼڹעǵĶ
Ҫ֪ۿɽٿɲ˭ܿģеһӶ޷ɽٵһ½
ÿһ˶ɽٵʱ򣬼˵ǻ˴Ϣһı˰ΧڣһҲ⡣
Ѿû˶ɽˣһѧԺϿճܲ˽⵽Ƕɽ֮󶼿ʼ۷׷
ѧԺ˲űҲ֪һηɽٵľ˭òԺɣ
ôܣԺ͹˶ɽٵĽ׶ΣֻΪԭԲ½֮ϡ˵ԺĻҲԲѧԺ֮ڶɽٲǣ
-

545 ɽ

Щ۵ôܴŵʱ˿ڶɽٵķ¸ԯ䣿
Ҫ˵ɽٵĻһֺ飬мʹǰٰʹ࣬ǵġ
οһη¸ԯĶɽ٣Χ۵Ļͻᷢϲްʹɫͷ·ЩֻǼҳ㷹һ
֪˵̫ڼǿˣ׽ٶ˵㲻ʲô
ʵҪ˵Ƕ˶ոµٻǶЩڴģӰ֮£һҲòһ
ǶɽٿʼʱѧԺԺѾܵˡ
ʵҲϵʼչ۲ϵ׽ķԼԤİ㲻
ڶɽеĶ˿ȥҲʮûκεӡ󣬸ʱ߻ħ
еڶɽٵʱָ飬Ȼĵ˷¸ԯϣǾȫǶġ
ѧԺԺԺӵķһοص˵ͷ
Ҳûж˵ʲôûеȴһžתͷ뿪
ûм˵һ仰Ҳûж鷢κεĿ
Ҫ˵ĻҲΪλѧԱеϾǶԼһֱõˡ
ҪȻǾһЩʱѧԺԺȫԹۣس
ͱ˵Ƿ¸ĸ׷б飬ǵӥʿӶžôܴѧԺԺҲǰ˸Ҳŵ顣
ѧԺԺȴԸҲϽˣһʱ֮ڣӶܵñŴѹʱͦ
ľǲܵκδģʹԷߴӶͣѧԺԺҲ¹
ǳ˵ֶǹ¶ģѧԺԺǰֵܹĳһ㡣
ΪûʲôرҪõĽ飬˵ҲһôһǵԸȴҲǼģƽʱȥͺһ
˵ǹ¶ҲΪûѣΪϵصܼģѧԺԺҲ⡣
˵˿ȥҪȱĳദĶ࣬ȵһ¸ҼףʮҹҪ˾׽
ﵽһ̶֮ȻȻľͲܵ˵ѹܹԼѧԺԼѧԺڵѧԱڸָķ涼ܰί
Ҫ˵ΪʲôҪ¸Щ飬õǵĸмԭ򣬻ѧԺԺԼҲ֪Ϊʲô
ڿһĻǸеʮοġ
еҲղŲò뿪
ѧԺԺ뿪֮󲻾ã˵׽ټѾˡ
һʱʵôأͨ˵ͷ·СʹСһ
ÿһȶԽԽأҶڲͣų̶ȡ
ȻҪģΪҪжɽٵ˲Ż
֪飬Ҳܹ󵽾ʲôһָоܹͦĻ
ܹһ磬Ҳ˸еˡ
ʮŵףܿҪˡ
һģ˵ûмУҲûкһͬ׹¡
ķ¸ԯܹõһε״ľжˡ
ֻҪͦһ׻֮ʲôǶܹͦùȥ
һûͦȥĻǼͿ˵ǰˡ
֮ǰԯһۣ˶Էеļᶨ
ʮ֮ıĻǷ¸裬ԯ䡣
ԴĵĽѳࡣ
¸ʱҲֳ˳־ΪŮʱҲȫһҲǳܼġ
һֱ˵ϡ
һ׵ܹͦȥһоͶˡ
Ȼǽһͦȥ֮ϵƺһ˲֮ھȫɢˡ
ԭʵٴαָֻƵ״̬ҲʹѾκֹˡ
ǵƤһ׻֮Уܵ˻Сˡ
ȻǶɽٷ֮ϵЩܵ˵ĵطۿɼٶѸٵϡ
һ˲֮Ƥý覣ƣҲҲ覴á
ԭò޿޵ĶˣѾøӵˡ
ԭ۷̥ʱϵ͸˵ˡ
Ȼⳡɽٽ֮ϵﶼԭҪӵľ
˵ɽ֮˶ԭ鲢١
¸ԯ䵽ᵽһ㡣
ˣǻܵ˷ǳԵı仯
øӯ֮ģⶼܹĸܵõġ
-

546 ɽ

ոոջָʵ״̬һֱ䵽˵ϡ
ȥǴģʵҲֱͺǵһ
覴ãֻˡ
ڹеķ¸ԯӯ˵ֽһһͬȥ
ǲ֪ǣǵķһСҲγɵɾ˶һ磬ǧС
Ϊδ飬Է¸ԯⶼԴ˲һЩ档
ȻԯҪȷ¸ΪһЩ¸е̽ôҲزס
ŹǴ֮󣬷¸ԯҰȻʡ
Ƿ֮ϲƲ㣬ֻһһ赲סһ硣
ǰӳľͷ·һƬոµĴ½ǴδҲǼϤİĶ
֮쳣棬㲻ҲȴڷиһЩ
һЩϤޱȣͺ񱾸֪ǵԺУȻ÷¸ԯ䱶ˡ
ԭһȥɽ磬һΪһƬ½ȴҲͬһ֮ǰڵ½ĿһĴڣΨһͬĴžΪ
¸Ծ˵ţԯһԵЦſ
ϾҲˣԯ¸ʱҲܹŵÿЩ
Ժеļ䣬ҲһЩɽ
ųէȻ͵ȵĵɡ
֮ϻɡɡɺʹ޽ɡ
˵ÿһȼ֮ĲҲԣڽ֮ϻٵۣٵ֮ϻɵۡ
ɵۣɽ֮УͿ˵ޱȵĴˡ
䣬˵ɵ֮ϻŸߵȼĴûеĻǵɵ۵ʱԵ̫Ȥˣ
ڽ̤ʵأ˵ɽ磬طҲ뷲ͬص㡣
ǵɽ磬ǾͲܹƽһ̤ʵء
ԯԷ¸Ըʱкûظ
аɣǲŸոյҲﲻ˽⣬֪ˡȻûи߹ǵĶҲҲ˽⡣ֻû˴ﵽĸ߶ȣһ
¸ЦЦ˵ˣ³ԯ⣬Ҳ޵ڶˡ
˾ͼǰȥ˽һǳէɽ硣
Ϊǳɽ磬¸ҲȻŮװûлһ硣
ǰһЩˣȻȻҲɿ˱˴ԭŵ֡
һǱӣ˻ɡ
ԯȴԵһЩ㱣ͷ֪ľͱЩġ
ƺָУһӾġ
ҷ¸˻Լԣԯûǡ
˵ĬҲû뻼ûʧĸоа˲١
һ۷¸֮Ƕ˾ͼǰȥ
Ϊ˶ɽ綼Ƿǳ˽⣬ټͬСģȻҲûǰ
ղŵһܹԭļǵԺУ˽һĴѾǲˣǿƾԼȥ˽⡣
οǰôˣǰĻҲδػ᲻⡣
Ǿȶ̽һ
ǰ濴ȥֵͦģҸʾôһ¡˽һ﾿ǺδҪȻĻҲ޷
¸ǰһ֮󣬾ԵԯԼ뷨
ԯͷǣ͸ŷ¸һͬǰȥ
¸迴˿ԵļˣԵòûʮֵɫҴңǶݡ
¸Ĺ۵Լ˵ı׼ѡһΪƵˣΪȽϺ˵
Ǵһ﾿ôһ£ضԷҲԸߡ
λ̨߶šҺҵֵǸոշģΪû˽ӦĹϵԲ֪﾿Ǻδ̨ܷҶ˽һ£
¸Ŀ˱׼ӴǰʼǺ׼ȷģ˱գ෴ҲһЦһۡ
еĴ޶⣬ҲЦеģǵĻȻȻΪǽ
Ҳֻһ·ģǵ⣬ҿΪǽһˣɵ۷ΧڹϽһСɽǸոշҲһСš
ͨ˵Ļ¸ԯ䶼ЩȻ˼
˽õֻҪɵۣͶԼĵؽ硣
һȻҲ͵ģÿһŵĵطڲͬʱ򶼻ոշɽˣǾͱ͵
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547 ǿΪ

¸˽һЩܺ״
ԭɵ֮Ͼͬԯ²˵ͻɵΪ
ֻ˴δΪˣǶҲǰٷ֮ٵ˽ģֻ˵ΪǴš
ڷ¸迴Ŷĵܹ˽õ﾿ʲôӵˡ
˵лƼˮ֮Ǿʹǰ䡣
ȻǾͼ֮֮
֪ʲôŵȴǵҲӦ̫ѵ飬ȻԸͨ˽硣
׼úõĥһ﾿뷲кβͬϸ־ʲôӵģǵбǰͻȻ˿ڽභ
¸ԯǱ߿˹ȥ
ȻܺΪλͻȻ֮ĳҲҪǵпһЩͱȷ˵ܹͨǵִ˽硣
ǵĵ̣ѵҪǿ׷
ǸɱǶˣռһôˣŪɽɽͿ̿ЩǶˡϾǿΪǿʳƾռǵĵؽ磬кʸվ
ֻһˣǵĽ֮󣬷¸ԯٴζӣֿ˶Է˸뷨
ԭҲͷ޼صҲͷһ
֮дɱ¾뾺ԶĶ
ҲǿΪ磬ҪȻôֳĵȼ
ߵȼɵֻƹһأЩԭҲ֮еġ
ԭûиǵĶҪԼȥġ
̵ĵʵҲ࣬Է¸ԯܹõ̽ܡ
ֻϢƺŨһЩҲԭҪӵǿһˡ
¸ʾԯ뿪ԯ׷¸˼̵ͷͬ⡣
Ƕĳ˽ģǸո˭ǡ
ҲǱһ棬˻᲻һˡ
ټȺŭļƣǵķԾͿóҲ꼰޹
Ƕ˲ô˵ҲǸոյСɡ
ͬΪСɵ⣬ǻκ˿⡣
λĵؽ֮ڣǽ鷳ǵԼϣҲ»÷¸ԯ
Ƕ˾Բ뿴ĳ棬Ծʱ뿪Ҫǽŭȼϱá
ԸΥ²ԸǺܿͱ˷ˣ
ԭִҳòɿ
ͻȻһƳÿһĵطȻС·
һǲϸ۲죬֪Ǻ۸֣ж˸Ե뷨
һͷ˻ԷֲԪˡ
ǾͽŭǨŭǶϣسŷ¸ԯк
Ǳ߹ڸЩʲôֻСɰˣȻֵط͵
˵ĴУڳ˵Ŀⶼе˷¸ԯϡ
֪ȴֲ֪ҪӴܵ
ϾΪĲĻǺп׾ٵľ׷ԯͷ¸衣
£Ҳùûʲô
ڶ˽⣬ɽֵ֮Ϊ׵ĴڣҪǿ̣Ҳ޿ɺǵġ
ɷ¸ֲţҲȷǶﲻ˽⣬Ҫһ鱨ˣͲ֪˾ˣôܶʲôǷ֮룿
תһ룬ҲֻǳˣԾ˵ЩʲôٽЩʲôҲûκô
ջѡ˳ĬҲ˵ԯֻ·ˡ
˸ղ˵Ǹ⣬һҲʲôˡ
Ļ֮Ҳ׷׽ŭǨŭڷ¸ԯϡ
ΪǿҲӦ֮⣬ӲӲˡ
˵һǿʳǿΪ磬ǻҪԼ󻯲ѡ
ȻѡҪµԱǼ֮Ӳƴ˾Ͷͷ˷¸ԯ䡣
Ұŵ˽ҲСܹýȥģȻ˵ĻҲǲֵܣȽֹ֮ì⴫ҶǵãٽǵҲδɣ
ԭĲɿͺ񻯸ɸΪ񲯣ʱȻ˳һ£ҪһͬԸһԯͷ¸ˡ
ԯͷ¸ĿһȺˣѾܹͨǵĻԼ˽⵽ǾҪЩʲô
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548 ȳ

ڷ¸ԯ˼žǺõʱȺѾŷ¸ԯ䲽ƽ
ǧһ֮ʣͻȻһµһ˴񣬵˷¸ԯԼм䡣
һ˭ԭǽźͰšͣľͳˣ
ͷͬһ£Ե÷棬o
ǸźͰŵˣڿ֮󣬿ɵ
ǰĲӶֱͣ粽ǰ˵Եη塣
ղǸŵܹܿˣ϶˼ģʵϻôһ˿
ڳ˶ܹóֻղģûˡ
ֺһĶŵ˵ԭŵ࣬ʵΪǸҲ֪ŵĵֻ̣ǲ֪Ϊγųžִ͸ˡ
˵֮ŵƺŤͷ뿪
ŵҲɵӣ״Ҳ׷׸뿪
˲䳡Щɷ˶Ѳڣֻʣԯͷ¸Լŵࡣ
뿪ҲΣ¸ԯ䲻̾˿
˿ʮᣬǵӦҲ˶٣ȥҲֻǴһЩˡ
ȻԷȺѾ뿪ҲͬתǶ΢ЦֱԹĿڽܡ
λСɺãҾŵĴʦ֡ࡣһصظӦǵģֻ·ϳһ飬ҺʦֵǵһЩʱųٳδҿǸеļʱҪָᷢʲô鷳
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¸迴⸱ӣ֪ҲһദˣȻҲ΢Цͬͷʾ⡣
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ԯޱվһԣ¸֪ʱҲԷ˵ЩʲôǾʹŶԷ͡
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˵Ҳͬûκα飬ղŲ˶٣ĽѾܹȺʦֵܽˡ
ԭȻ˵ĻҲһΪһҪصǰ˴ɡԭƬؽ磬Ѿмǧδ˷ˡ
¸Ȼ򣬼˵ܹµóһš
Դ˽⣬ҲԥǼǽ͡
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˵ΩΩФɫͶżˣһͿóȷʵǺЩӡ
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ԭˣȷʵ˽ˡǵĻ¸ҲæЦŻӦ
̬ȲʵҲΪ˽˵ԭ
Ⱥ˵Ӧð㲻Ȳ˵ɷǵζʵΪԱȸղǿһΪҪࡣ
˵ƾ⼤̬Ⱥ˾ܹƷ˵İֲ١
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ĿǰΪֹ֪Լԯ便кͼԷ¸ٹ۲һ
Ҳ뷨ոֳʱǸĴʦ־ֱӶɫҷʮʽ롣
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⻰¸ԯ䶼֪˶Էͼ
ҲģҲܹǵ顣
οǶ˸ոԴ˻رϤȼҲʲô¡
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¸΢˹֣ͿسԼȺʦֵ˵Ȼ˵Ļ¸ԯڴлλǰˡӴԺΪʦֵܣԸʦǶӦ
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549 Ƽ̫

¸ԯҼţԼʦֵǣһ˺ƺƵɽ϶ȥ
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ǰӦǵȺ˾͸ǺദˣҲȷǵԼˡ
ҲȷΪ½ǧ֮Ʋδ˷Լ֮ȻЩ
ͷ·²õ˴һҲ͸ĵơ
¸֪Ⱥ˴󲿷ֶǵԼˣ˵ǽһʱ֮ڶܰĵദҺúõ˽һɽˡ
ܹ﷢չĺõĻΪҲһ
Է¸ĽȻģԯҲˡ
ȻδЩϣԷ¸ԯ˽⣬ڵⷬоʮֻң෴ҲܹӦֵӦ
¸ҲͷһЩ
ˣˡȻɽµĵؽҲţǱϾۼĵطҲҹԼڴ˵ĵطӭǼţ
֮ٴŷ¸ԯ͡
¸ԯոҪһǰһȥȻҪԳһЩҲһïˡ
ȻһӾͿˣ󾹱ù
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Ҳ֪¸ԯɻǰǽͣǰĳʺһĶ˵Ƴϣ
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ϸ˿ԷĴţƺȷʵȺ˲һ
˵һ£ǿȥȻΪҪԸһЩ
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ֱ¸ģԽȺ΢Լʦֵͷʾ֮󣬾ֱվ˷¸ǰ
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ƼҵͼԼܲɷֵϵȻҲֱϵ󱲡
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ȷҵĸƼҵĵϵС㣬¸Ƴˡ
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Ҫ֪½ǧδһˣ񲻽ôһһ˻Ƽҵֱϵ󱲣ʱϲ
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ܹ½֮оǧѡΣӱôһˣǧģȻ𱶸Ժ
˵ҲƼҺˣԵȻǼĺܡ
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ĺ󱲣ŵǰܹҫһ
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ãðƼҵĺ󱲾гϢǧδһˣһӳһƼҺ󱲣ֱĵҪɵ㣡
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沿ϣܹóεľϲ
¸ҲûĺøУ֪Ȼȥ⸱ӣʵ϶ԴԼڽҲԻ㲻
ʵ֤ԤҲڽӦˣⶼǺˡ
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550 

֮Ҳټ죬ֱдŷ¸ԯн
ڼ䣬ŷ¸ԯ˽ණҪ˽һԯݡ
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أԸһ֮æŷ¸ԯ˵Ȼ˵ĻƼҺܹ˴ҲԵ֣ȻӦҲȥˣ֮󣬾ŵĵӣӴ͸һͬɣһǶָģ
⻰ֿ˿Ǹϲʤյӣ¸ԯ˵Ҳûκλ෴Ǻôࡣ
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551 

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Ŷһ֮ڣλϾۼһ
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ȻûĴߴ٣ֱӳ˵νټ˴ԭ
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Ŷһ˵½˷Ȼ˶ʱȤ
Ҫ֪½ȷʵǧδ˷ˣǴֶǳ½
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552 ʮҹ

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553 

ʮҹ˷¸ĻȻȻӦûаԥ
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ο¸ԯ䶼ڵĵطǾͲܲȥܹŵùġ
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557 ְ

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¸ȫߵرȻһƲл꣬ʮ졣
ȻҲȴôʶĻǣжˡ
ǻۺ֮󣬾ֱӶŷ¸˽˵ûκεԥ
һ壬ȴܹóǷȻԲʲô֮
ҪȻҲᱻ˵رһ׷ᡣ
ֻ̾˿渵
ԭɵ۵һĨл꣬˽ĻҲ֪ʮɵ֮һֻʧѾá
⻰¸ʵҲûеóһȷĴǾֽĿͶɵۡ
⸱ģɵ۵һĨлҲ˾ôһ¡
ͨ˿ҲǸոսɻɽ粻ãҲԼʧѾ˵顣
οҲûж֪˶Ǹ֪Ҳʵ
ʱҲûҪǽ͵飬˵һЩ¡
Ҳ϶ܺ棬ΪһᱻȺ׷ʵҲֻһˡ
ɵ۵Ĩ껹ûü˵˵𽥵Ķ϶
ԭ͸𽥵ı͸״ֱָֻ̬͸
ѭãǷ¸˲״Ҳôһ¡
ҲΪɵ۵һĨ꣬Ȼûܹǣ޷
ֱ׷ɱôãԵ״رȶǲųֳ״̬Ҫȶһܹ֧˵ȥĿܡ
ʮҹ˽£ȶɵ˵һ뷨
˵ΪǽһҲ޿ɺǣǻȶ˵ɡҪȻĻһĨлҲɢ
ɵ۱Ҳһ㣬Ǿ͸״̬ԭشҪٶǿԼһĨȶ
¸Ҳʼյվԭ۲ɵۣȴԼ֮ٸһĽ͡
ãɵ۵Ĩ𽥵ȶҲָ״̬
û˸˸ƺĿԼ˵һ¾ʲôˡ
¸˼ˣǾֶڳһϴ״̬ר־ĵȴĽ͡
ɵȶ֮Ҳ֪Լ˱˵ռ䣬ȻҪǽһǾͺԥļ֮ǰĻ˵ȥ
ˣҵʶѾܹȶˣͼ֮ǰĻ˵ȥɡ
Ҫ˵¸ȻǵȴģȻȴû뵽ɵȶʶ֮󣬾Ȼһﾪˡ
֮Իռ䣬ȫΪռҵƷ
⻰˵ʮҹˣһᵭԯԼռĿǰ߷¸趼˶ݵ״̬
Ҳû뵽ԭ˾Ȼɵۡ
˵һϵе飬䵽˷¸С
ԭˣǶȻ㶡
ռҲұ⣬ֻû뵽ȻͻȻǰһҲʶ״̬£Ȼ֮֮еġǶӦ˽Ŷԡ
ȷɵ۽͵¸һܹ˽ġ
ܹɵ˵ݣĻҲ޿ɺǵ顣
ܹˣϾûʶĲм֮ǰӵŵʲͻȻ֮Ҳ޿ɺǵġ
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560 ɵ

ǰȻһɵɽвκεˡ
˵ﶼµ£ɵҲһ˶
˵ʮɵǰθߣжȴҲĿڱӰ졣
ɵȴǹƧԸ෴ºͣڷŬʱȻܹһһߵ
Щԭɽģܵ˾ͬʱԹ¶ȴҲûڱࡣ
ȻһżȻɵͻȻϼŮɵʶ
ϼŮɵ˵ͷҲ󣬾ʮɵΨһһŮɵۡ
ҲΪӣŸɵۺϼŮɵĽ
տʼʱʮɵ۵һʢ֮ϣΪͬһС¼ʶ
ԽԽ࣬Ҳ֮ĸ顣
رɵΪʼǶ״̬йľ
ڳʮɵ֮ԵùƧޱȣ˵ҲýӽȴΪݶܡ
ϼɵѵõһλ֮ĸѸ£ŵ֮£Լĸ顣
״̬£δٶ̤һԾһֱһ޵״̬
ʱƣ˵ĸ񣬼ûһ˱ʳѾ϶˱˴˵ݣ˵Ĭ˽Ϊµ顣
ڽҪηչҲҪ̤һ
ʱ˺͵Ļܿ͵ˣ˶һʱһĳϻ⡣
Ȼʱͻ䣬һз⧲ϼȻ˶߲ɱ֡
һʱǡɷߴԼϼһǰϦ
ߣԭҶڻչ棬Щ£Խڻɺã
ϼЦųԼ뷨ȻȻӦ
飬ֻǲһϰˣǰһҲóֵ׼
Ȼϼ£Ƴһ춼£ֺοҪǰһأ
ߵûκηʵҲǾ׼һУϼһϲʱȻ
˻չϵȴϼĵ
Ϊȵģ˻ĵص㣬ܲˡ
ټĻչУֻһϣЩڴ
ȴôһԸӽԼŮˣҲϼĵ
ȻȴãڻչһȦһȦתŽᷢһеʱıͻȻ˽Ų
óŲƺһ˵ġ
Ȼȴûڼƽⷽ飬ѱڴڸסˡ
ˣҲʱϾ˼Ķϼ顣
οǰҲʲôֵע¡
пϼɵ۴ԼߵŮʱٽ֧߱ɣҪġ
Ҳûй⣬Ȼתͷһ룬ܵؿһ
ǰ׹һһѾؿڵ̴
عʱǰϼɵۣԼΪεĲ¡
飬ϼ⣬ҲֻԼε֪
ǰһĻɵЩͷԣ˵𾪵Ըӡ
ûµ̫ͣãһֱӽעתϼ
ʱ˿̣һ˫һգգضߡ
˹ȥĿײȻϼȴı飬ҲûҪζ
ɵܹʮɵ֮һȻҲǸɵӡ
½һԼλΪεµľٶϼʱ˿̵ֵ̬ܹ⵽ôһˡ
ֻЦһһӦǰγؿڵĽҲϸԼӦ
ǳϼЦЦžͳƺû뷨ѯ
Щƻõôһһ𡭡
һɵε£ҲǴʱ˿ܹɱɵĽؿڵˡ
ϼûеͷϣҲûҡͷϣֻޱؿߡ
һ˿飬ƽǰֳÿһγĲࡣ
ڿߵʱҲûƽʱָ飬Ȼûһ˿һע롣
Ȼı֣߳˾Ĭϣʲô뷨أ
Ǿתߣ˴ʱ˿ͬޱһ
ƽҲ⸱ӣΪԼκ¶
Ȼŷ֣ǶԼĮı֡
Ҳûнеγ˼ƺڵȴʲô
һ̻Ȼ֣ԼҲر˽һǲ֪¶Ǻá
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561 Ե

ˣҾȻΪ׽˺ϻﺦˡտЦ˵
Ļ¸˶Դ겻ѡ
˵֪ʱǷҪ԰οҲֻԥѡ
ΪǾüǰοȴ־ʵԵ̫顣
ϾԷôҲɽɵۣʮɵ֮һôнʱ̣
ֲò˵ߵʱ飬һھʧȥ˶һе
һ򵥵ƽﲢ׽ΨһܹŵùˣȴҪõΪҸʱ̣ϻɱˣʲô飿
ƺûںҵĸ仯ҲûκҪıǶԼĿ뷨
߾ͼһ˽⵽ģϼ֮ôΪʲô¡
һϼΪҲĬһĹϵʵûô򵥣ĿǽҵһǷ켫Ϊʮɵеһ˰ˡ
Ѿܹ˸š
ϼɵ۲δõһ꣬ߵһҲӴ
ԲδóѵϼɵȻһУҲɺúõĴϵλã粢֪߾ȥδӡ
ҲпԾѰһֻ꣬ûҵ򲻿ɱ¶˵Ұˡ
ҲΪ¸˲Ϊɵͻ֮һϢͺǴһ
¾ΪûܹǷ켫ˣܹͻɵֱӳΪ
ִδ˵棬ȻȻҲͳΪ˴еĴš
ϼɵҲΪͻ˵۽磬ԼǸλãʱȻҲǲκκġ
ֻôǣһŮܹҰġ
ǺƷƵĻϼҲǵ֮
֪ЩʲôɵʱͻȻڡ
״̾˿˶ܸܵһĨл꣬ʱ˿Ρ
ҲܹϵĨлܹģֻΪʱԸѡԻ٣Ҳǵļƻóѡ˵ҲδŪһǺεԭŻɱңȻҲͽе뷨׵ȥֻû뵽Ի֮󣬾Ȼ˵һĨл˴ϼ׻ûѰҵټҲö֪
ƾ⻰¸˾ܹó߱ضǱ˱ľĵģֻû뵽󻹵һˡ
ҲûκηͲȥ˽Щô˽õǱȥ˽⵽飿
ɼǸνϼɵ۰ѱܹľжá
ֻƾ˵ǻǲߵĻû˵ꡣ
鶼ǲϳģȥǾ˵ͨ
ܹ֮ǰλãҲΪڹ۲ġ
֪ȻԼҲһģһĿ⿴ֻʱȴҲȫŷԼ˵һЩ
ǵɻ󾿾ѡҲĺܣҲѯʣͶǼ渵
ڱ鶼ҪҼˣҲܺΪһᱻ˵رȻʼ׷ŵ顣
ô˵¸Ҳԥص˵ͷ
ΪȷӣɵۼȻǲ¾ܹһĻǾ˵Ѿ뵽ˡ
ʱҪ˽һ㣬ȻҲǲҪԥֱ˵Լ뷨ǡ
ɵۼȷʵǺ飬ǾֱӽȫûжĴ㡣
Ͼһжһβ֮Եܹվｲ֮ǰ飬ǶԵֵġ
Ϊʮɵ֮һߣȻҲ˽õеİ
ʵӦ˽⣬˵ɽǷǸ½ǲġ˵󲿷ֵĵطһȻǻͨģ֮ǰöѾˣǵɽʱҶĸӦͻԵıǿңҲָͨķʽܵĴڣ𣿡
ֱӽͷתƵϣ¸˶֮ǰ˵Ļ
ȻǱ޶޷ԼôöҲһԨԴġ
ֻǰùʲҲˣΪʮɵ֮һǰĶһֶ֮ࡣ
ȴܹ޶˵еԨԴ˵Ҳܹ˽ĵ
ʵ⾳ԭҵıԵ½ʱҲδǿѰһûҵ䵽κһƬ½ȥѰһԵˣû뵽Ҳɽ磬ҵܵԭָԲŻ״
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562 

ˣ¸Ѿܹ׵磬жϳǰˡ
ҲΪɵ۵걻ŵƶѰ֮ǰıҲ񱻷¸е䡣
Ⱥ£۲⵽ɵһĨĶ򣬻Ϊʲôر˺һϵᡣ
һʮʮ٣Ȼ˶ΪȷʲôرһӵԼʶĴܡ
ΪһƲкɵۣʱ򲻹˱ȫֱ࣬ŷ¸һĶȺƽ͵Ľأ
ҲΪһ
οʱѡڲԼǰıͬʱǸͲܹԼĶģòܹƵסԼˣŸðŷ¸˳Խ͡
ɵ۱˵Ե֣Ըٷ֮ٵη¸ˡ
Żǽ֪Щ飬ȫضǽ˳
ʵɵΨһ˵һ㣬ž̬ȡ
ʵϣһ֮޴Ӳ¸ĺܣôл
֮ͷѡűľԻ٣ҲԸʱϼһĻᡣ
ͿԿжôĲʣȻʱ޵ĸоϡ
Ҫ뷨ҲһʼոֻʣһƲлҲһ
ֻǷ¸ȴͻһ뷨ϼ֮ȴҲûеõԼҪĽʧȥһˣǷڣ
¸뷨ֻԺһ룬ž˲ʧӰˣҲûκεĺۼ
¸Ҳ뷨ԼԺʧûмȥᡣ
Ϊ佫Ĳ˳ףԼ˵е뷨
ȻɵǱߵ뷨̾¶˳
ûڵһʱ֮˵ԼּƻǸǽԼһУĿľϣܹͬܡ
֪ĿѾһ룬ľǶȺֵε˵Լ뷨ˡ
ȷʵˣҽЩһһҲ˽⡣óҲˣһܹҾжôĲʡվҵĽǶ룬ҲԻİɣ
⵹⣬ʮҹһӦǼ⣬ʲôôأ
ĻӦԼž͸ѯʣҲ
֮ҪǴһЩԼĺ⣬Լı˼ġ
Ŀǰ˵޷ɡ
⼸Եˣ־Լε˳Լǰ
ֵǰԼĻ飬ôܷ᣿
Ȼֿʼż˹Լ˼롣
˵飬ܹܵϼжôĿɺޣһܹ˽⵽жôĲʡҼǻһĨл꣬Ҳĺܵģһҽ˵Ǿܹ˵İɣ
ûɵѾڵϣ̯ǽҲڱŷѯǵˡ
¸輸ȻҲʲô˼λԯʮҹ˼¸ֱӾܾѡɵ۵뷨
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ĿǰΪֹûڵһʱ֮ŵ¸ֺôԼڵʮɵ֮һƽҲǰͽᡣ
⼸ȴһܹҲľܾԼҪѲɵԼĳ벻
ɵ۾;ټӳ룬οҲǱ˵Ĵ㣬Ȼûйԥ
ǷģҾûд㻵ģֻҪָȻҪһʱڵģҲǻ˽⡣Ҫص۷ڣĲ֪ҪȵʲôʱԲǡѾȥˣټȴؾûгΪҲҵһĿꡣ֮ǰұҪҵĳˣܹװɣ
ʵ˵ģ˵ϣɵ۵ǹӾ¸һ˻ǰ㲻ġ
˽⵽˵ģʱȴͲܹӦŵκκôҲ⡣
η¸Ҫ죬ɵ۾Ϳ͸뷨
֪Ȼ˵ĻҪܾԼģԾ顣
ɣԸɵ۵ݵֻҪǰҸɹʱҵ֮󣬱ضһЩô˵ǵµ״ֱӳΪɵ۵Ļܸ֮ǹ˰ɣҪ֪ʮɵ۵ͷǳէҲȻ
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563 Ϊ

ʵ⻰ŵǰ㲻ŵ¸ĻǾͲˡ
˳է⣬Ȼ¸ԯ䶼ǲעⷽˡ
οʮɵʲôɳģͷһϵĵȼѹơ
ڷ¸ԯ˵ûеﶥĻһоͲΪ塣
ʮҹҲǵӰ죬ԶԴ˲˽⡣
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һ⸱ӣɵ۾֪Լʧˡ
Ȼû뵽ԼҲʧһ죬ԼݲֵǮҲġ
ɵܹ뵽һ͸Ӷñͨڵһʱ뷨˵Ļ
žܾҵĻҲӦΪҵĳӵĲԭɣԸӦҲұĻɵ۵ĸղƷѡһԼУҾԲ
˵λ֮ɵ۾ͺ޲졣
ΪҲ˵׻᲻ΪڣѾûκΰ취ˡ
Ͼϼѻɢ˵ģʹһĨлҲɲΪ壬֪ǷѰҡ
οϼɵı£ȥˣҲû͸¶ɵһİɼľʲô˼ôҰġ
ȻǼ٣¸ҲɴͷΪ
ԯʮҹҲʼһԣƺڱĿ˼顣
ʵҲĬĬĽľȨ˷¸裬ǲ
¸֪ǸԼж˽ĻᣬȻȻҲҪúһεȨ
ȻҲͲ˼˵֮Ծܾѡɵ۵뷨Ǻεԭ
֮һһεľܾҲΪƲɵ۵ΪڵʵҪϼɵۿ⣬Ҳѻʯɣûκʵ״̬ģԾǸ˵飬Ҳ˽ⲻˡԵȻҲ޷ǵ飬£ôܴӦ£
еĵ̫£ͬʱ־Щ£ȻȷϷ¸뷨
ȷûʱôܷԼ뷨
ѾȥˣʹһĨлҲܹõޡ
ĲģȥĻԻץҲͻһĻˡ
˵¸ܾȴĥӲݵȰ˵Լ¡
κʮҹԯԹۣȨʼս˷¸裬¸ȴֲΪɵһĨл˵һѶ֮󣬿ԷһΪӣҲ֪ӦǺˡ
õһѣ˵һһǰǼǰԼΨһһļֵեˡ
һеĺôŵˣ¸ҲɲΪ
ΪҲһˣԼʵ˵ݣʱӲҪȥһɵӲӲĻȫֿԡ
δذɵ۲˵»ҪԼȥɵô
ɵҲֻ̾˿Լ뷨
Ҳɵӣ˵вʣҲҪ̫ãҲֻǱаˡ
Ȼȡһ֮󣬶ԷǲΪ߾Ѿܹ뷨
Ҳ֪Է뷨ǺȷģƾɵǺлֱӽһɵ۵ġ
οϼǳٳͻƲɵ۳ɲԲŻ뵽ӵķӣķ
ҪȻôнһĻ
Ϊ¸˵ǼһҲԵ΢ˡ
Լ뷨֮󣬻ǶԷ¸ԼһҪ
ֻε̾˿Ͷŷ¸˵ѾԼˣʼղԸͬĻҲûκεİ취Ȼ˵ĻӦһܿ˰ɣ
¸迴һۣ֪ɵûʲôģʱһҲԲʲôֵ
οҪ˵Щʲô¸ҲѾµð˾Ųʮˡ
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ɵۼȻʲô뷨ĻǾֻɴ˵˵ɡ
¸ڵͷӦԼһأɵûһϲֱ˵Լ뷨
Ƿģһ㲻ǹֻ֡ǲԸҵĻܷߣҲ˵Ҽ֮ǰϡûռĻûĵطȻȻľ͸ˡûκΰģҲֻܼϣܹһҵϡ
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564 ȴ

ȻɵѾѻ˵ϣ¸ٲӦĻеǲ顣
Ƿ¸ֱӸɴӦҪ󣬸οҪҲ޿ɺǵġ
˵շתൽԼǱȴҲԭˡ
ԾҪ䵱ҪҲǿģԷ¸ȻȻӦ
˵ѡҲ첻κӰ졣
ʱֻҪܹԼȥԼҪЩʣȻҲǺްϸˡ
¸ûҪʱɵ۵һ·ȻҲͬˡ
ԣⱾ֮ǰı˵ҲǰĶȻ˵ĻǾûбҪⷽᡣ
¸ͷ֮٣ȴҲϿûҪ˼
ҲͲԥˣ¸˼һ̾״̬
ΪĻԼ꣬սؾĻʱҲܹıѩޡ
ҪȻȵϼҵʲôӽΪĻǾһжˡ
ڵ߱˭ѹ󣬸нĺܡ
˵ûκΰ취ȴҪԼһС
ɵһؽռ䣬ʼ֮ʣµ˼ûʲô̫
ΪԺҪһЩʱҲܹ׾ٵϵ
ҲԲ״̬Է¸ҲΪ˶еǿʼ˼һĴ㡣
Ϊɵ۵飬ǲѵؾУӱȺ˵׷ɱ
ڶݵʱ֮ڣҲܹġ
Ϊ׷ܱʱܹóҪܱжôǿҡ
еرһɵ۵Ĳлεһ˷¸еռ䣬ȥԻСĺ䶯
ֱڳȥʱֱǻЩûбҪڵһʱ֮ڱ¶ǵҰ
Ӧٵһʱ䣬ǵĺľ뿪ȻȻķ¸ҲͿ뿪ؾͶڽ֮ˡ
ֻɽǾԴȥˣҪٻЩĵطҪȻӱ׷ɱˡ
Ƿ¸ղ飬Լ㲻Ҳ˵һ
֮ǲ̤ؾȻǴؾȻҲͻ
뿪ؾ֮ɵԭؾҴɽʧ˵ĵص㡣
Ȼʱ򣬹ȻΧȺԭ׷ɱǣڧĲɿȺʧȻûмڴ˵ȴ
ڷ¸˵ȻǺ£Ҳûľᡣ
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ʮҹֱ׵飬¸ԯֱӵͷϿɣҲ޿ɺǵ顣
ĽҲܹõԲڴ˼ͣˡ
ҲǹĴ㣬ԿɽĴ䣬ڵһʱ֮ھٴλصС
ΪǶǽҲûаôɽ䡣
ϤεͬʱΪܺùҪʼС
˵뷨һ£ʮҹĴ£һ뿪νɽ뿪ɵ۵ĵ̡
Ŀĵй䣬һߵ֮˭ĵ̶Ըǰ
ΪҲ˽﾿ʺԴܹ鲻ǰ취Ȼֻķʵ
˵һọ́˵˵ó̡
ɵ۵һĨ͸ûκε
ʼʱż֮ҲһЩ
ǵʱΪרԴʱ򶼲ڣҲᡣ
Ҳ޿ɺǵ飬Ҳڵȴţǲʼտѡ
ΪѡһҲ뿪䣬޹ϸģһ˶ĺܡ
οɵڵݣ첻κεӰ죬ڽ˵ʼոߵɵۡ
סֽţ֪ĴڣǶȺ˽¿Ѻɵ۵˾ǺǻǾͲö֪˵ǸͲܹϸ˵ˡ
ֻûһ㣬ҲΪ˷ſЩûм¾Ĵ㡣
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565 Ī

ʱĽǲֻҪǼٶȲĻŹ˶ҲнɵĿܡ
ֽһɽ¸ЩϲĶʮҹԯ˵
ԯǵЦſŷ¸裬ǲδչ¶ɫ
ʮҹ˼ƺŽȥ顣
Ͼһ·ʼڴӣԽҪȥҲҪƻĺá
ʱ˿ӵԼʶұЯʶҲԽԽǿҵɵ۴ʱ˿̸ܵ˵Ľ֮죬ҲЩ۾
Ҫ֪ɽôãļǴδģ
˵֪ڵΪɻ٣һոշ˵ʲô֪ˣͻȻ֮;ԼϾҪɡ
ƫƫɵֿκͷһء
ɵ۷емһλˣĻ½Ⱥһ¼ԼǰɵҲѾֱȷš
ֱۿǰһУ˼˵ķٶȣŲòп
ǰǰˣҲ˵ԼıжߣڵҪҲʲô⡣
⻰̬죬ϹŵıҲͬ
־ڱصõģҲȷʵΪеϲһЩġ
Щƺעû̫ĹϵԵȻҲû
ˣھ˵飬Ҳûʲô̫塣Ȼ˵ĻǾͲϽ߳һһңĻҲܹӿǵٶȡ
ʮҹ֮ᣬΪҪƸȥ
Ҳȷϣһ˶ܹȴסõʱҪ֪ɵ۶һʱĽɿ졣
Ҳ͸ҪץסһεʱˣֻҪܹץסһεĻᣬǵΪҲԻһʵķԾ
˵£ҲԲǲܵģ˵һ죬оҪѶʱõѪȻҲԼ֪ġ
ɵҲȻҲǡ
ʮҹ֮һȻǼнġ
ɵ۴ר־״̬ԶǵλҲر˽⡣
οɽ֮Ҳõľ˶ӡ
Ȼ۵ʱȷʵӣȥĶջʵˡ
ûרĿǵʱǴһƬôĵط
߰ɣҸоɱʺӦһǳ߶ġ
ĻްĪ֪ǲǰԼ
ǰԼĻէݣȻǲǵôЩҡ
Ҿ˭ĳңֵǺ޺ζǾѾĺˡ
ɵۻû˵Ļ֮û˽ĻȻǾҪҲ˼
ΪڲԶͻȻֳһˣɷŷ¸裬˿һ֪ڱصá
ʲô¸迴Ⱥ˲ϵĿҲɻ
ȻȺ˾ͷ·ûκθһʱ˿沿鶼ûֻ֣Լ顣
Ⱥ˵Ϊ˵εƺҲȣڷ¸˵һǰδеսˣ൱һΪ
ҪҲǵвġ
οڶ࣬ԼҲ൱Ǳ
ֻͬλսһĴܳһ֮ڳİѵˡ
Ͼǵ֮ǰɵ۵ʱ׷ɱǵҪ΢һЩԶҲɡ
ο¸ϴһһŵƣֻҪӲҪ׷ĻͿ֮ǰķҶؾ֮С
Ҳ֪ΪαһĪֱ˵ǣҾͺǳ˽һģ֪һŵơ
ûһξֱʹɱ֣ǴЩ̽Ч
Դ˷¸࿴ЩҲֻûУ˵ϾЩҲֻһЩ²ѡ
˵ĻҲδػκεĺôǾС
ʵҲǾƺһııҲǣǷǱһ
Ͼǳɽ磬ҲرĶ࣬ԼıҲӦǳǶġ
ܹĪϳޣһڵˣ޷ǾǴʱ˿̻յ״̬ɵˡ
ĿǰΪֹĲ²⣬¸軹˵ڣֻܴʮҹԯǱ롣
ûκεİ취ڵֻǲ²£ȼ¡
ǻ飬¡
ϾȺ˾Բ׾ٵķŹǣӦû
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566 ִ

˼׷ɱ֮ԵЩƣ
һαò˵ɫЩϵľͷ
ҪͣĶ׷ɱȻһЩġ
ʧȥĻ᲻˵ͣ˷Ҿͺ׷ɱǵڰһ
ԷǵָƣǷ¸һ˳˱ҪĶ⣬ͼʱȥ
ζ˵ʵ̫ڲǶԷʲô·˵ѾЩͷֲܹİȷ
ο״£ȷ˶ԷݣҲûκεô
ΪⲻܹǴκκôӴŶеִ
ȻˣִԴͷŶеκһˣżУ˵Ǳȱϵߡ
ڼԺȷ˵Ⱥ˾ϼɵġǵַϼһģһҲϴ
һα׷ɱ֮˳ĹУ¸ϵռ䴫Ƶ
ȻѾͣʼŵ״̬ǰǹע׷ɱʱ
Ȼһһ˾ͬһ˲˵ǵ쵼߾˭Ҳһʶˡ
ǲ߱ҪΪǽѣȻôһ˵ͽϣȻʮҹĲ
ֻʮҹ⻰ʱüͷࡣ
ʵҲδɵϤһھͶղ˵Ļ
Ȼ˵Ļôܹ˵óڣ
⻰˼ֻҩζ¸ԯ䲻ɵӣȻܹó
ɵ۸һ˾ҪȻҲλãĻȻԼĲ֮
Ҳûа취顣˵ĻҲֻǳʮֿ͹۵ĽǶȰˡ
ѵĻʼʱͲվ͡
˵Ļеǿһ
Ҳȷйأ߾ƿҲ֮С
ԯ䲻֪ʲô˼⻰ƺҲɲΪվԭرĿϢûвĴ㡣
¸ҲΪĵˣȻʮҹ뷨ġ
֪ʮҹѾʲô̬ʮҹôãȫ˽Ŀ
ĿȻҪ¸豾˵ĿȻҲ⡣
ʵƽ飬ٵĶЩ
ԯҲУֻԶ¶ˡ
¸Ҳĺܺãƺһں̬ȣʵҲһСб仯
ʮҹΪҼôʱͷˣ鶼ܹøһЩ
Ըָ飬ͨվĽǶǡ
ǵĶ֣ҲϼɵۣȻҲΪʼոǵɵۣԲŶƵƵ֡
տʼƺ̽ƺҪʹɱˡ
ǿĶԸȺոշɽС˵ʵ̫׾ˡ
ǿˣʼʱԭǿԲȥǵġ
񲻽˲˵ΪԺȥ·
ڽÿһжɥʼչ
˵һĴֻʮҹ¸ԯҲԴһ
ؾıӻĲǵȫ̫Ӱ죬ʱ䳤Խͻһһ¶
ЩԽѾ¶͸Ϊʮҹеˡ
ʮҹ˼ǰ󣬻Ǿ˵
Ͽȥûʲô̫˵Ļȴ̣ʮʱĽԼ̬ȱ˳
¸裬ҽһЩԽҸ˵ĿұҪɵ۵ĻôΣաΪ߲ܹټˣ뿪
ʮҹɴĿżɽŷ¸ܹԼ˵ĻкԴͷҲŷ¸϶ܹõȫ⡣
¸ȷõģȻʮҹĻ֮ûüڱԼ̬ȣʼһԳĬţ֪ԷὫͲԼϵߣʱȴͻȻԿڡ
ûõġ
ģȥڷʮҹĻʵ
ʮҹ˫΢УĿҲ΢ŷ¸ϴŵ˹ȥͺڶ߱һ
ɵ֪뷨΢΢̾˿žͼ
֪ǵȷһЩҪ˵ϼļأ뿪Ѿ˵ˣǾԲ׾ٵķŹġǷֿ֮Ҳɻ׷ɱס
-

567 

ɵ۵Ļ˶˳Ĭҽʾһ˼ŵ״̬
˵ĵȷЩһ˲ǲܹġ
ɵ˽ϼ˵㣬һЩСϸڣԼϼ˾Ǵһʲô״̬߼˵ʮ˽ġ
λȨص˲κֲշֿҲ׷ɱǣԳ󻼣Ҳ飬ûʲôòɵġ
ȻܹʮҹȫߣϾ׻ɵۡ
ĻЩΣҲǡ
ȻˣҲ֪߲ƭˣԾȰ뿪Ҳûκε塣
Ƚ֮£ҪһЩù鷢չǷ¸Ҳʱû⡣
֮󣬷¸ȴƽ
Ȼ˵ĻȷſһɣǺˡġ⣬Ҳûʲôѡˡ
˷¸뿪ЦĻʮҹҲ֪Ϊ˻һԼеĲ
ԼҪʼն鲻ŵĻҲûĺô
ʮҹõŵµˣȻȻҲͲٶƽˡ
ڸɵ鷳бǸҲûİ취ˣҲϣܹ⡣
ɵʱͻȻڣĻȻѾǳڵǸˣôʮҹ͸ܽҧ鲻ˣҲӵ̹һЩ
Ϊ˵ĵǸʱȻǱҪõĶࡣ
Ȼϼɵ˵ĻҲȷʵûа취ˡҲգнɡ
ʮҹ˵仰֮󣬾ȴͷŸԶĵطȥ
ǾԲڴ˴ͣģȻĻֻ׷
˵ڵɽйҲɻ⵽׷ҲñԴҪࡣ
¸迴ʮҹıӰ֪ҷ˸ղŵ뷨Ҳȷʵûа취顣
Ȼɵ۶˵ˣôϼȷʵܹɵó飬ԾҪӱҲӱܲˣֻĬĬĳܵһˡ
Ҽɵݸ߹󣬵ΪԼΪԼЩ鷳Ǹ
ĽǺõģԷ¸ЦЦûپ飬Ҳ׷ʮһȥ
ԯʼնûзԼ뷨ʼոڷ¸
ֻҪܹڷ¸ߣҲ㲻鷳ȻҲûʲô˵ġ
ɵ۶ΪǸмΪȫûбҪԼԼʱҲǴ˲С鷳
˵ҲûӦԼʲô׷ɱϾҲԼġ
Ĺϵڻ֪ںδ
ôҲԼݸȺ˴鷳ʱʵıʾǸҲȷѡ
ͬʱҲ˶壬ʱҪԼҲ޿ɺǵ顣
ǻѡڵõĽ֮Ϊ޷ıʵĬĬĽܣɵû뵽ġ
Ҫ֪Լ˵ĻȺҲûбҪԼ
ΪǲκεϵģǴԼԼ˵ͬѲ׷Ҳûκεĺô
ǻԼڷ¸ϵѾˣ߲òΪ˶ӿ
ʵҲǷ¸ʮҹ֮˵Ľ
Ϊ֪¶ǵףԼǲܹ棬ҲҪ˺͡
֪ʮҹɵ۵ҸеҲûа취ġ
ϼɵۼȻҪһֱ׷ǵĻҲȷʵܹ׾ٵľġ
ɵòȽݶǵǸ˵ֲܹЩɵҲǺõġ
Է¸ڸղŵʱ򣬾ʱôֶܵθʮҹһڵ
ʮҹҾ˵е֤ЩףָĻܹ˳ǣȻҲûа취ϡָ֮ҲԼȥ飬ܹȥԸϼҲͶ˿Уܵ׷ɱ
ʮҹܵĴ֮󣬲龿ôһ¡
ͬʱû뵽ЩǷ¸֮Ҳ÷¸˵ȷʵЩ
Լʼվ飬ڶԷԼǸ˵£˴ˡ
Ϊ¸˵Ĳܹ״ķӣӱ׷ɱĹΪԷѰķҲδһܹ״İ취
ʮҹһ֮ҲĿǰΪֹܹһݵķˡ
ϼû˶Ըʼ׷ǵĻԶҲò
ΪưոݣЩʵѰ
-

568 ƫ

һ׷ɱ֮󣬷¸迴Żɵѯ
Ϊ֮ǰʮҹ˵鲢δڰеĴɵۿ϶˽ĵ
ʱѯһ¹ܹӿĽԷ¸ȻҪһ
ɵۣһ£֪ʲʡ
˷¸ĻɵٶֹͣƺǾЩɻ󣬵Ȼضŷ¸˵ûʲôǲӦʵģֻҪֱ˵ڱǡ
Ļش𣬷¸֪ĬԼѯһЩصݣҲͲԥ
ģҾֻҪָ֮󣬾ܹϼıҪȻĻҲʼ׷ɱǡȻˣ֪ɵûİ취ܹջָǻṩ
⻰ɵǰһֲЩȻ
֪Ⱥʲô˼Ҳ֪ķӵȷǺá
ķܹóĻԼʼҲûģֻǱȽѡ
ȻԼķ첻ĻԼλȺȴԸԼ
ԻĹУܹԼõָܹİ취
Ҳȫģֱ˵
벻ǾȻܹ뵽˽ƫķӣҲνģ֮󣬾ܷõҲδ֪ΪķӵȷУȴǷǳѵģҪȻڵһҲ᲻ȥԡ
˵¸˶һۣ֪»ҪƫһЩ
ΪһݣԶ׷ɱǻԸⳢķġ
ʮҹע⵽˷¸ѯʵҲ֪ںԼԯĿģʱȻǷһԼļ̬ȡ
ҵûʲôʼӱ׷ɱȥһңܹѰҵٽİ취ҲǺġвЩɵĻʼǱ׷ɱҲǺܺá
ʮҹĻ¸֪Լˣİ취ҲԻֵ֧ġ
ֽѯʵĿͶԯ䡣
ԯɣȥûʲô̬仯飬Ҳû񶨣ֻü򵥵ĸ־ͻش˷¸衣
û
˶ԼĿ¸ѯʵˣʱȻǲܷ¡
οⱾ飬ķӡ
˵֪жôļѣѾͬˣҪľѯһɵַӵʲôġ
Ƿ¸ʹͷɵ̽Եѯ
ɵۣǵ̬ҲˣԸǾʲôķӲܹףٻָ˰ɣ
Ȼ֪ԷԼһЩ֫ԣǰ͸Ļ壬ɵۻʶĵ˵ͷ
£
ҪӿٶȵĻҪ֥꣬Ҫһ֥Ƚ⡣ֽ֥ɲݣ˵һ֥һɲݳһҲ֪Ӧںδ˵ǺܺģҲΪδʼ;ʼûֿķӵԭ򡣡
ɵ۽ܹ״˵֮󣬷¸˵ͷ
֪ĿǰΪֹõİ취ˣȻܹٽµ״Ϊβȥӳأ
ɵΪڽֻһˡ
飬ĿǰΪֹ֪λãҲܹõ
Ϊ¸赽ͷģʱǡɵóǾİ嶤
֪ˣҺҵͬᾡġ
ԯԷ¸˽ⲻ֪¸ʲôʱֻձ۾֪¸кζˡ
ʮҹԷ¸ʵ˵˽⣬Լⷽ黹ǶٵЩ̫ġ
ʱ򣬷¸ֱӸʮҹ
ʵʮҹǲ֪ģɵҲδ֪һֻԼޣǡһֻѰֻҪҪѰҵĶܹٶҵ˵ֱܹӵõܹȷλãλܹΪṩıġ
⻰ʮҹɵ۶Ȼĵ˵ͷ
տʼԼ֪ĶΪȺСܹ׾ٵĴӦҿȥһڱصõӣԭѰаġ
֪һԼ޵ģֻʼδˡ
ѰĴڣȻµ״ٺò
ҲͲᣬǾĵȴȺ㽣ƫһ㡣
-

569 Ԩ֮

˿ü
Ϊвܵϼɵ׷ĴţǷ¸ֱһӣִؾ֮С
֮Լռ֮ڷĵٻ˶౦
౦һҩҪѰ
¸ֱӿٻûκεڡ
ΪҲˣο֥ɲݾ廹ҪɵһҪȻҲ֪ںδ
౦ڽӵָ֮ĵһʱ֮ڣʹԼռ˳
ѩ벻ͬ౦ȫǾ˶ĳϳû
ԿЩڣҲȫûκη塣
ˣҪʲôҩģܰڶ౦ϰɣ
˵ĿŶ౦۶ȥʮҹĿж˼ͺ档
˵ΪҼͨԵѰδٵġ
֪˷¸жٵˣȻôһŵĵƣȻǻжٵľȡ
ԯʹɲˣΪԷ¸˽ĺܣ౦ҲΣ˵ǺϤʱȻҲûжپȡ
ɵ۶ԼҲ˽ģҲûôѰ
˵ѰԽߣԽͨԣѰҵЧҲԽ졣
¸˴ֻѰ󣬾Լִڡ
ʱȻǲ÷¸˵ĳڣܹ֥ɲݾӦʲôطкˡ
֥ɲݴʪĵطȴΪ͸¶ԭԴʱһɽ֮֯ء渽һ㵭Ĺԣ֥ɲ飬Լñϣֻʲôλһ֪
ɵһ֮󣬾ֽ̽Ŀ⿴˶౦
ֻ֪Ѱ󾿾жǷܹͨԼ˼򵥣Ҳǽ߾֪ҵҪȥѰĶ
¸ɵѾ˵֥ɲݵҲĿͶ˶౦Ͽɵĵ˵ͷʾ⡣
ԼȥѰŵĶɫ֥ɲݣ౦ҲǼΪͨԵģʱȻǲ
¸ͷϿɣҲѰ
ԼıӣͺܹͨЩѰ֥ɲݵλһ
һĻɵۺʮҹɵõ棬ܲҵڶ౦û¶֮ǰҲ¶ᡣ
౦Ҳȷʱû˵κڴգΪһ˵ٶȷ֥ɲݵķλ
ˣҪѰҵ֥ɲݾϷԽ˼λáǸԨ֥ɲλþԨһԨ֮صؾ硣ɽ֯Ҷ౦ܹȷظܵõް֥ɲݾǴ
һ⻰˳էȻ޴˽⡣
ȻѾ֪˾λãʣµҲֱֻǰˡ
ȻʱΪ𾪵Ŀ¾ɵˡ
֮ǰҲΪδԹȷ߿˵ǲ²һ֥ɲݵľλá
뷨ԺҲһʱ䣬²֮أҲȷʵԨ
ΪԨ÷ЩֻΪ֮زֻһ֥ɲݻΪѰңҲܹȷǷڻɽ磬Ҳ½ۡ
ԨĴȷʵ˽ģҲ֤౦ȷʵǺܿ׵ġ
˵֪ǷȷһֻѰܹɵ۽İоˡ
ÿȷǣ֥ɲݾԨ֮أʱҲܹõָ·ˡ
˻˽⣬Ƕ˵ʮɵ֮һô֪ܲԨ֮ؾںδ
ֻѰ˵İ㲻Ԩ̤֮Ԩ֮󣬼˵ȥҲֻԨ֮һĿĵأȻǺܺѰҵġ̤ϵֻ֮ҪͣѰ٣ȻȻľͻᱻ͵Ԩ֮֮С
ɵ۵Ľͣ¸ԯ䶼΢ͷʾϿɡ
֮Ψһһ·յʮҹʱȻҲá
ݶ౦Լɵ۵ܹȷԨ֮أҲԨľλãʹŷ¸ԯ伴̳
ɵһЩ֮ͼռ֮ڽ
ʱȻҪϧһһģҪȻҲҪ˷ɸȡõջָʱ
¸һӣһ仯ֳԭɽͣλá
ʮҹǸɱȥ¸ԯ󲻽׷ϡ
ȻȥڣǽŲҲʮֽýֺ˵ʱڽ߾ȫԼЧʡ
Ϊ֪һ׷ʲôʱǣ׷δʱӿٶµǵѡˡ
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570 ׷

һλ˳֮Ҳɲϼ׷
˲ⶼ˿µĶȴûзɡ
ΪҲȷᷢʲôȻǿЩҵ֥ɲݾͻõĽµ顣
Ȼû뵽ǣڸո̤Ԩ֮󣬾ٴһ׷
Ǿϣ
ε׷ȻбΪ֮ǰǼ׷ǶǶûκεĽġ
¸еκһ˶δȺ׷˵͸һȺûκθйٵɱûκ
ÿζǶ̽ƺһЩ顣
Ȼһǲ˽Ҳ׺ݵĺܣҲ֪һξǴʲô˼
ңȺÿʱ򡣡ʮҹոմؾȺˣȻǾûʲô顣
ͷȻǱˣȻȴҪר־ĶԸȺˡ
¸Ҳû뵽Ⱥ׷֮죬ǽнٶѾˡ
ο׷һһ˵ǵȺ˾׷
˵ļҲ²ɱ֡
Ҫô͵ԼʧǵƤӵ£Ҫôʹ̽һͿ뿪
Ȼ¸軹ǲЩѾԨˣǻ᲻ѾԼȺ˵Ŀġ
¸ַɿط뷨Ϊɵ۶֥ɲݾǷڴ˴ϼɵҲδܹڵһʱܹ뵽顣
˵ȥ֮ϸ²һܹµõĿܡ
Ƿ¸費ԸǷ룬ֻרĶԸˡ
ҽΣٶȥõ֥ɲݣΪɵۻָ׼˵
Ķ֮󣬷¸軹ûü˵ЩʲôѸٽ״̬
ΪȺڣƺҲǴϢĻᣬȻֱӾҪƲҶǶ֡
ʱôһȥ˼顣
ռ֮ڵȵȻǶܣҲ״̬
οȺ˱Ƿϼ֮Ǽɵۡ
ʱɱۣǵĸҲҲжˡ
¸ҲһģԴʼʱǾûɵ۳֡
ȺƺҲԷ¸˵ĳк˽ˣһ͸ǴĲɿ
һʹЩ¸迪ʼ˼ǷҪΪ˽ʡֱӽƣҲֱӽؾʡʱ䡣
룬¸軹Ƿ뷨
Ϊ̽ؾĻֻԷı
֪Լȥƾʧ޷ȷǷڵһʱ֮뿪ֻؾ֮ڿȴ
ֲܹ׳ԣΪ׳Գȴǵģпܾһ
Σ˵ġ
ʱؾ֮ڵȴĻȺûʲôģֱ뿪Ǿͻ˷Ѵѵʱ⡣
ʱ¸һ뿪ֱ֮ӻϼ
ϼһ˼ΪλֲǴɵ飬ҲͲµǽ롣
ôҪõ֥ɲݵͻӵˡ
˼һ֮󣬷¸ҲĳȷʵһЩ
ȥĻڶݵʱ֮Ҳ벻İ취ҲֻӲͷƤֿ
Ϊ׷ȺΪǸ࣬ҲǶ࣬ӲӲҲǰ취
룬˼ľȨҲڷ¸
ȻҪһЩȻʱٵʲô˵
ʮҹԯ䶼һר־ضԸȺ׷ɱˣ¸迴ǵӰ
һ߻ҪԸǰˣһ˼֣ⳡôûи⡣
˵Ƕ˵һж·Ǵ粽У޲һ½һж˳
˼ŵʱȺͻȻ·һʧˡ
ֻղͷɱǸˣ΢ʹһ
Ⱥڴ򶷵ĹоȻҲעõǾ͹ͬˣ˹֮һͬԶȥ
ͻȻȥͻȻ÷¸˸ӵͷˣҲŪνϼɵ۾Ǻͼ
Щǲŵģ
ĻǾпʼʱͽһ򾡡
ͻȻĳ֣ͻȻ뿪ȫķŶԡ
Ѳʮɵ֮г⣬ɵ۶ƺϲˮ
¸貢ôãϼɵ۲ôҲӦһ쵶նˡ
Ϊ֮ǰɵʱ򣬾;ԸӦҪӼһЩ
ĳôһ£Ҳ֪
-

571 ɫɾ

²˳٣ǼнɣѾûй˼ˡ
֮󣬷¸Ͻ˵Լ뷨
ղĻڵȷܹټȴȥˡ
뷨֮ʮҹԯȻҲûκ飬˾һͬνԨȥ
Ϊ̤͸ղǲ˳ͻһ˻ûüĳ
ͣúõĹ۲ʱ򣬾;ôӱϿĵҲ˶١
ЩСС֮ͬҲеģ̲ʲôĶǿ϶ǻ
ҪȻĻҲҪôûĵϷֲʿ
ûκε֣ҲͲҪùˡ
Ȼͬ౦̽⵽Ľɵ˽⵽һǼȥ׾͵Ԩ֮ء
ΪԨ֮ڽΪƽԨ˵ʵ̫һЩ
һԵľзֽĵطԶԨ֮ؿȥԵľܿԨ֮ԨΧ龰ƺͬ
Ȼȴܹһ֣Ҳֻüߡ
֮أո̤;ƺһк񶼱òһˡ
ʮҹһ·֮˵Լ뷨ҲȷǾƺĲһ
ӾϵĸܣĸоҲܹܵõƺղ߹һ·Щͬ
ͷ·ǶһԵĽݾһ⵽ôһ£ҲܹƾָĸйжϣԽҲûж˵ʲô
ʵˡҲǷ¸ԯ䲻֪Ϊζоһͷ·˴һ
Ȼܵĳ־ĳҲĵĺܣƺҲûʲôڡ
ҲȷѰţҲ
ĸоҲûгãʵ֤ȷʵ˸ǣҲܴһЩ͵ŵϢЩܿ춼֤ʵˡ
ǣһȺĴߣһҲǰŶеһζҲΡ
һɭЦǵĶߴͷ·ߴŵ˵һ
˵ĻҲ˲˶һװ״̬
ʮҹԯͲ˵ˣ¸ͬҲŮװ
ĹУݣҪ˲Ҫ̫ڼסԼӡ
ԼڵǱɱҲ㲻ʲôʣԷ¸ȻҪΪһ
Ǹ˶ܹóᣬҲһӷġ
еһ˳࿡Σζ⾿Ǻε
Ȼ˵˶᲻һ
¸üͷ˼ǷҪվ
Ȼ˼ŵʱ˾ǰ
𣿿ΪƺסҲûʲô˼ǿҵݣʱҲܹ˼
ͻȻǰͷ·ղǿһжõ۷ˡ
ղֻܸܵõɭĿȴκˣ⻹ʲôܹ͵أ
ǲòϸղһֱ
һֱ¶ĻȷʵǳֱҲ취ˡ
ǰ˵ȷǸӣȴֺӲ
ӲҪ˵Ļǳ͸¶ŮӵģԼһ˫
ڴ˴ȥͺĨһɷ׵ɫ
ѣ»Ϊװ˵ĺڰ޳
·ڰףҲ֪Ϊθ˵Ӿǳǿ˾ļǺ·ǰ·
ǴûģƺҲӷ˫֮Ӧеӡ
ҼȻ˵Ļǰ˵ݣڽҲԵĺܡ
ﶼ⣬ƺҲʱԸԼ
յļԼղŵĻȺԼոץԼҪЩʲôĴ㡣
˼ʲôòζԸҰɣȰǻǱ׷ˣֻҪĻǻЩҵġ
˵֮Ҳԭվţ˷
Ķͷ·޹ǣҲ𲻵κá
ǵߣƺϸϵζһֱĴš
֪ΪΣ¸ʮҹͷ·Ǳһģȫãֻ۾Ŀܹ˶
⸱ǱģҾʹ󷢴ȱĸǰɡʵҾԨ֮صˣҲɾ
һҶ˵ĻסǾʲôĿģҲԲ˰ɣûҾҪɫ
-

572 

Ļ˵Ƿ¸ʮҹˣʼնڷ¸еռʱϢǵĶԻ߶֡
⻰ǺͼҲס
ͻȻ˵ĻҲ˵ˣҲûмʶġ
˵󵨵ĻĻǵһڹڳ
Էһ˳ˣߵ֪Уǲġ
οҲɵۣ²òԼѧʶ
ƾѧʶҲǲסһˡ
ԨͲر˽⣬ټǰܹ飬Ҳãֲȥ˽顣
䣬½Ҳ˸е⡣
ϾܹԳɾǾ֤ʵ
Ĵ£һȺӦö˽ĲŶԡ
ֻϷʵ̫࣬󲿷ʱ䶼Ǵһֱڹ״̬ĳ˵ƺֲ֡
ûʱվΪֻһˡ
𲻵κò˵пܻ鷳
ڰţܹ¡
ʮҹͷ¸趯ãȴԯͬҲá
ղǸԳɾˣڽǶ֮ȻˣӾѾѡԼ
ȻҲûбҪᣬǲԼҪ顣
ҪԸһ̧ԯ˹ȥƺҪһ
ԯûбʱȻ޷ܣֱӾ͸ץסĸ첲һߡ
ȫûмƽݣǵһͨԴ
Խɾоͱεķ˰Ե
ԯԽԽԯζԾͼ
ԯԤ׵Ľ˦ˣƺҲҸޱȣϵıֱ˲
ûԽԽ⡣ô͹ԹԵĸңǷԸңһζ˵ɫģȻܷŹᣬĽϺãòiˣôܷŵù㣿
˵ţ˾ٴҪԯš
ԯĬĬغһ㿪˶Էĸ
ͬʱϺڵļֱͷ·ܹ˶ܵ鲻á
龰ڳ˶ɵӡ
¸ʮҹȻ۹۱ǣǹģʱܹóôһ£ȻҲٶ졣
ûзϣҪҲӦԯ顣
οǱסܶҲ˵ֻһһ߷ν״һ߳ſܲѡ
Ŷ㣬Ԩ֮ʲôûɫҿɽ˲٣ôɫˣһǵһμ㻹ץҰɣ
˵֮ɾһˣͻȻ֮ĵһЦ
ЦٴβĴһ֪ӦǺá
ȻȨԯУʱ򾿾Ҫر⣬ⶼԼ뷨ˡ
ȻŵԯϣҲûʲô̫
һЩƽʼദŵĻ⸱̬ȣǰûչʾʲôѺõһ棬ʱӦ˵Ŷԡ
ֻʵԼͷϣԯ䵱ȻҪԼ̬ȺͿˡ
ҲûκԥֱӺεطԼνɾжôĲͣ˵
ҾܾԯֱӾ˵ĻɾЩϹҲסˡ
벻ԼһصĶԴһˣǶԷȴֺԥľܾԼ
˵ԼǸˣԼⷽ˵ƿصʮֵλġ
ԼԷȴòκλӦĻǼֱǰ׷
ҶԷܾʮָɴ࣬˿ˮѲȫûмʶԼ
뵽һ֮ɾ˵߳ŭˣѵķԯĻ
ȱȷѲɻҪǿеͷ𣿡
仰вζʮ㣬Ȼһһӣԭס˵ķ¸ʮҹͷ·Ǳһһʧԭء
Բ⣬ǶԷȷʵв˷¸ĴڣԯЩܲˡ
ľɷ·ڼ֮ҲδйϺһ̶ǰƲ˵̰Ѹղ˽ȻĻ
ȻĻܰô
ɾ̷ͷ·Ǹղŵһж̵ֻѣҲֵø߰ɡ
ΪƶȺ˵ֻɶѣԲԼûκġ
ٷ֮ٵܹԼóѵ£ôöԷԵͷ
ǰѺôռԼߵġ
-

573 ƾͼ

ԯЩɽ֮󣬻ûܹ顣
ͻȻ֮ҪԼʱԺȴ˷¸Ĵܡ
䣬ȱ嶯뵽ˡ
¸ӳԺһɲǣԯ侲
ͻȻ侲Ҳ֪ɾǲǲµʲôֺʲô֪֮ϵɫ任ްĪһͻ˵Լ뷨
ҲҪκεľˣһץͬ飬Ƕ˵ҲǷİɣ㲻ԹԾͷĻҲû취ֻΪѵġ
˵ɾͣһ£еɫҲһ˲仯֣һͱޱȡ
Ӹղԯֱ˵ľܾȷЩ߳ŭˡ
ҪȻĻҲֻΪѵİɱˡɥڴ˵ĻҲǶõĳͷˡˣ֮һӲϹԵҪҪԼ
⻰вζʮ㣬˵ǲҪԯκεѡ񣬿ǵͷǶһѡ⡣
ԯ䱾Ͷɾ˲⣬⸱ģöġ
ַŻĸоûȥԺоִ˷¸ԯ𽥵İ
ȱ𼱣֪˵ѣΨһİ취ˡϾôҲһɾ˵Ȳɵۣһ֪˵ǻǺ޻֮ģڲƾͼơ
¸Ҳ֪ƾͼİ취ȷʵ̫ίԯˣֻΨһİ취ˡ
Ҫ޾ͺҲûʲôֻʱЩİ취ȫԼ
ȻǷ¸ԼͰ취ԯκʱģҲ⡣
˵ǰ˶вΨһܹİ취ҲȷʵֻͶѡ
Է¸ƾͼƣҲǱѡİ취
ͬʱҶӦϣδضԸ˵ΪԶ֮ϣʱ˾裬ǿɾͲһˡҲΨһİ취ˣһɣ
¸ԼԯȻȫ̽ܡ
ԼǰԼ᲻κʳ˵ԯ仹Ǳģȴޱ˵ͬĻ
ͬ⡣
õĻشɾȻ⡣
ղЩ߳ŭڿȥͺˡ
ֻ֪ҲеãҪȻĻǰδԼв˵ġ
˵ܹǿȶԷöԷͷҲķ
ǶԷϷӣɾŻио
ĺܣʶʱΪܣܹʶҲúοȻ˵ĻǾͲҪټˣʱŹ³֮Ȼһ·㣬ڱҪߡ
ֻɾһЦţһԯӭ˹
ԯ˵Ҫᣬɾ˹ȥ
ɾҪ˫ָԯŵʱȴٴαԯܾˡ
ʱҪҡ
˵⻰ǾܾģǶ˿ͷǸʱ־仰ζ
ɾԸ
ĻֻǶݵİˣʱҲȥˣ̲סԵ٩
벻췹ˣ㻹ںߡھô˰ˣ㲻ԸĻҲˡҪ׼ҾϲˣǧҪʧ
ȾһЦţһߴԯŸȥܵĳ
ԯ仹žĹ۲죬ΪҪǡ
ܹ·Ѱõ֥ɲݵĺۼȻҲٺòˡ
ȾĻӡ
˱زٵҪȥ飬ŻӲͷƤ˳ŷ¸ĻӦԷ
̶̵һʱȥˣʱɾǿѣԯ˵˵ǣԨ֮صĹתһȦһȦ
һ·ʱûжԯӲӲƺ׼ʲôַ·ҪԯԼ˵ĳڡ
ԯû֥ɲݵĺۼ֮Ҳϵĸš
ǾԲ˵飬͵ȴ˵ͬӵȻҪշ¸
ƾͼƵͬʱʼҲҪӦϡ
ھҪôĿǰΪֹö֪
ֻܼ£һȴʱһ˼Ӧȥˡ
ʱûʲôĻһ̣ҲĿǰΪֹΨһİ취ˡ
¸ٴδԯӰһЩ
֪ĿǰΪֹҲֻЩ취ǵȴʱ
ԷĻͷ¸Ҳûа취ӦϣֻӲͷƤӦԣҪȴһ
-

574 

ڵȴʱĹУɵѾǽ͹ɾݡ
ΪʵǸϲɵ۵ģ֮ԸԳƣΪһƬˡɽҲͬʤֻΪһǵһμ
ڷ¸ʮҹѺҲɾϾ֮顣
տʼһӣҲٴʹ˸۷뿪ԯҰ֮УҲԯա
ɵȻûмɾˣҲ֪ڵΪȻȻҲֻһĴʡ
Ǻһ桯֮ˡʮҹ̲סһ񺮡
ֻҪһɵ˸ȤӾ;öԴƿԡ
Ŀǰͷ¸ûʲôΣա
Ȼܹʱ淴ȴҲܹжɣİ취
ɾҲΪżŻȥ鿴ԯ״ԶȫûκεĴ
˵ҲС˷¸һȺˡ
ɵΪж첻κвҲʵ
ڱ֮УҲҪҲǴ׼ǲֱӳȥԯӦϣΪǵȫżӰ죬Գİ취
¸Ϊ侲Լһδԯ乲ͬƾͼƵĿģʮҹȻҲϿ뷨
йȻһ棬ɾΪҪġ
ҲﲻʲôΨһܹľǴźţźزסǰˡľ״̬Ҳʲôʵǰﲻæ
⻰ɵ˵ģԼֳ֮ΨһôҲǰǴһˡ
֮ǰ淢ʲôȻҲüǰȥӦ
ԯǱӦûûʲô̫״Ϊͷ¸˶ܹͨġ
ȻΪֹûиκϢǾ˵Ǳ߻ûκεı䶯
¸һҪĲɾƾͼƣõİ취
ҲӲͷƤŷ¸裬ֻҪٶİ취ҪȻĻԶòҲͲܹټȥˡ
ȥֻԯɸš
ҵһ취ǲ֪ܲС
Ĭ֮ʮҹͻȻ˷ӡ
Ȼа취ȻԸģԷ¸һʮҹֱ˵
ʮҹûаԥֱ˵Լĵ뷨˵˵Ӧȥ
Ȼɾԯ⣬Ƕšôɾó֮ǰ϶ҪһգԯȽɾ֮Ҳü¡
취¸Ҳδɡ
˵ķȥףǶɾɫʽ˵Ҳδؾвͨġ
ҾʱûģֵóԣҾ͸ԯһ¡
Ͽʮҹ뷨֮󣬷¸̿ʼԯ䴫
䣬ʮҹ뵽˷ӡǽеʲôزˣһǲҶģȽ
¸֪ǾȻɾ뵽һ顣
˵˫뵽һ˵ɾͶ
ԯͲϷӣʱҲֻǶˣͶԯЩĻܹ
õ¸裬һܹǴ򿪺ŵɵۣԲŽһмƻˡ
ĿǰΪֹǲö֪ģֻŸϽĿǰΪȤ˾ͷ
Ȼ˵ĻȻҪȽ
֪Լԯͬ飬ҲǷ¸뵽Ȧסԯƾͼơ
ǡҲģɾ뵽顣
պãҲǰţС
ԯüͷɾЦеĶ˵ⷬҪھܾҲûʲôúȾƵĵط
һ¸˵ļƲߡ
ͽϾҪѿڶľܾĻ˻ȥû˵ͬ⣬Ҳ൱Ĭϡ
ĬˣɾȻϲΪԸԼ
ͬʱ벻ѺסλˣǵЩô
ⲻûôԸԹԾͷˡ
Ҫ֪˼Լ˺Ⱦƣض֪һͼȻĬǶԼһ̡
ȷϺ˶ԷԸͬԼ֮ͬɾҲԥǴڵȥ
ڵһǽ֮ɽԭԸĸǺá
οĴǽŵģȻҲ첻ɰӰ졣
¸輸ֿôķʽԻõĹ۲ֻһǽ֮ڵ
-

575 

ɾ֪óµľѣͬϷһͳһơ
ڵһʯɾԯһֽЩһһڷŵʯ֮ϣű㿪ڶԯ˵ǿͣƵ˭ȽϺã
ԯһ沢˽⣬ֻɾҪͷԼϣ罫ӻȥ
ԯޱ飬ȴǻָɾĻ
⡣
Ǽ򵥵ĸֶѣȴɾá
֪ΪΣƾĸ֣;ԯԼеָо
ҲͲԥһж׼ԼټȴȥͻԼȲ
̽ǰľƺ˷֮ͻĶǰе˽ȥ
˵ֻѣԯҲƣھȻܹƽĳȷʵЩŨҡ
ƿȥŮ죬ʵǧ֮ǰרԨ֮ΨһһƬһһΪ˳
ɾĻҲ˵Ƶ
֮ǰҲմɹװµģԵʱһ㡣
˾˫ݲ·ĻȷʵϺõļֻϧŵ˴ǰ׷Щͷ
ںеķ¸ʮҹǶ˵ĶԻһ
˵ҪڵĳҪЩģǵĶԻߵİֺܷУȻҲͷ˽Ǳߵ
¸ǲƵģɵҲͬ
¸費ƵԭȻض˵
ɵڴʱ˵Ϊɵۣʹʮɵۻ۵ĳϣҲδơ
ҲЩܹʼձѣͷȴΪ˸ͷԭ
ڵһΨһƵģžʮҹˡ
ȻƽҲƣΪҼڸָĳӦһ»Ӧġ
Ȼ̫ƵģҲָͨ⽻϶Ծ˻ٵ⡣
һȻº͵ĺܣжҵʣʮҹĽ͸˽
ʵһûʲôѲǶûעõʱ򣬾δʲô֡־ǧ֮㣬ɽ绹ܹһģÿһǧ귢ͣǵƣ˵ҲҶ˵
ȻһȥҲûʲôǷ¸ɵ۶˽õ
ȻȥûʲôͬҲºͣʵȴҵĺܡ
ʮҹҲҪľ˼
¸ЩⵣҲ֪ԯܷɾƤӵ¶Ҫƹࡣ
ɾһͲǺƭˣ˵һӡ
ǵܷƤӵ°ֲմҲһδ顣
ΪŨҵԭǶɾǲ˽ģȻҲ֪Ƿƣƽû
ԯƽȴǲƵģܷӦɾһ˵
ʱԯȻҲӦҲ޿ɺǵġ
ȻʮҹҲһ¸˽ԯ䣬Ǿѯ
¸裬˽ԯģľΣ
֪ʮҹĵĵطԼͬ¸̾ϢƵҡҡͷҲһȷеĴ𰸡
֮ǰξδմ
⻰ʮҹȻͬʱҲֹĵ֮С
Ҳԯܷʱͬɾȥ
ܵĻûа취Ӧˡ
¸Ҳһ㣬ɵȴֿúܿ
ǣʵϵ˼ݼΣҪ֪ʱԷܹõƤӵҲξδմȴɾΪ˾˵ĻȻҲӭжˡ
ⷽ飬ɵ˵¸ȴҲѡ˳Ĭ
Ҳ֪ν飬⽻Ѿû˹ƺǽҲһһ
е׷ʲôʵ¸Ҳһֱڴĵġ
ԯľ֪һƵӦþòȥ
ɵҪ׷ݼⷽ棬
¸ҲԯǷԸӲͷƤǺϷ
ֻҪɾ֮Ǿ;κεԻʤĿܡ
ܵĻ˵Ŀ¾ˡ
ûķ¸Ͷԯ޿޵ΣʱԯܹһԼˡ
ķ治˵зʲôҲҪȥĹֻҪȴһ֡
ǺõģǾ㹻ˡ
-

576 ֮

ôûˣôʱ䣬òѾ˰ɡ
տʼʱǿ߲ܹ˽⵽һЩȫˡ
̲סʼɣǷѾ
Ҳûй೤ʱ䣬ǶԸⷢһѾö֪
һѾĻҲӦõˡ
Ϊԯ䱻Ļɾܲôڡ
ҪҪȥ뵽ԯ飬¸ھѾһЩˡ
ǱҲûƽ侲ȻǷҪȥ鿴һ
ʮҹɵҪ侲٣˵̲סѡ
ȱ𼱣֮ǰһôķʽԯǱߵֻҪˣûκĻܹϵġ
ʮҹѣ¸ôһ£Ǿ͸ӵĵˡ
ȻԯƽʱǸˣҲ˵Ҫϵ˭
Ȼʱ£ûϵԼĻǺõ
Ȼ¸ʶľһҪǺõĲŶԣȴɵĲ١
ԣôôҪˣҾϵһ
¸Щæңæʼϵԯ
ⷽ棬ǵӦ֣Ȼϵԯ֮Ǳߺܿʹ
·¸ǿʯͷ˵ء
䣬㡭Ǳô
ʵ¸豾ҪһԯǱû£Լûгʲô
ͷԯһһ£ûнʵ뷨˵ڡ
ԯǱߴ¸ȻѾ˲ٵġ
Ѿˣ֪ΪΣɾȥƺʤտʼʱȺȣҼװ˺ܶ࣬ʵһСڣʣµЩƶѾҸԵСռƺûΪĿҺ˲پơԼͷ·һĺѾˡ
ԯһ˵ĻʵҲǽһ¸ղŴŵ
¸֮һЩġ
ɵ۰ǴţһͻῴαװѾˣʵϻѵɾѹӡ
һԯ䡣
䣬ȲҪܣȷһɾǷĺˡҺʮҹͰɵȽĴŴ򿪣Ӧϡ
šԯλظĺܿ졣
¸֪ڶݵʱ֮ڣܹȷϺϬɵûĻôܿͲԼκλӦ
ˣŻԼӦŶԡ
뷨ҪԺ̫ͣã͸Ͻ̧ͷһԵɵۣڰС
ɵۣԯĲ²⣬ɾѾˣھͳȥɣ
ɵ֪˷¸˼Ƕ˵ͻ֡
һӣžѾˡ
ɾȫû뵽ɵֵģ˵ɵҲֻһĨˣ㹦еġ
ҲΪɾܹһʼʱôĵİǹԭ
벻֣ȻҲͷһЩɵܹ׾ٵĽŴ򿪡
䡭¸ںĴŴ֮󣬵һ˹ȥ
ԯޱվ˷¸裬ű΢һЩ
ǰһСɵʯſſѾʡµɾ
ԯһȷϣȷѾ˵ģɼһ𾿾жҡ
ԯ˵ҲֻǽһСڰˣ˫ҲһЩ糺졣
ҾûвֵزԵڼһҲûʲô̶ȡ
ʮҹڷ¸˹ȿſɾ
ҲǰȷһǱߵ״ܹĸܵõɾĺѾǲƽˡ
ɼȷѾ˵ģ״̬
ʱڲһҪҵʲôĻᡣ
Ҿóںˣ͸Ͻ˰ɡԨ֮Ҳ֪ҪãϾҪ֥ɲݣ⻹ҪһЩʱġ׽˲ܹԾ󻼣ҪȻǽﲢ˵Ļץס֮;Բ׾ٵķŹˡ
ⷽ棬ʮҹܹõǳġ
֮󣬻Ǿһ·
ɾǲܹԨ֮úõŲһ¸ص㣬ҵҪҵ֥ɲݡ
Ƶİ취ȻҲͬ⡣
ԯʱվ˵ɽɡ
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577 ֥ɲ

ԯıɽǴʼɽϹŵɽ֮󣬱һֱ
Ҳͬɵɱ˵ǰѽͬҲ޿ɺǵġ
֮ȻϿޱȡ
ԯͶ˵óɽɾˡ
˵ɾȻһЩǵĹ㣬׵ʧϡ
һĻɵ۾̲סԼһԼȴͬ
ɾһȷʵ궼ûбŹɵ۵⣬ԼȴϣһһǾڵһĨꡣ
ܹطɽĻᣬɾȴҲûĻᡣ
ˣЩˣǸϽȥԴ֮ص䣬ν֥ɲݵںδɡ
ʮҹ飬˶׷Ͽɣʹ뿪ɾĸۡ
һ£ˣ
ϾҪ뿪ʱɵȴͻȻʲôæѡ
Ų¸ҲһҵĽŲ
ȥͺǴĿĵؾλãھҪȥﻹδ֪
ǵҲ֪󲿷ֵĿܶվͳһսϡ
ǵһӦǸϽȻȴѾˡ
ǻûüȺ˾ѾȻˡ
˵ӸղŵĽŲͺǸһģ໥׷ɱ
Ȼ¶ǰʱ򣬼˾ͷ˲֮ͬ
Ⱥﲻһģͬһ
ǵĿҲܹµõˣҲһѰ֥ɲݣġ
ΪǵĻѾ͸¶ԼĿġ
ǱѾһȦˣǵҲûҵĻѾܹٵȣϽףУ֮˵д˴ػߣֻҪҲɲΣյĵطȫĵطҸϽȥѰһؾ֮ˣ
ǵĻѾܹȷ˴Ŀġ
¸輸˵ûԵر𾪻ţΪ£ôʧҲûκε壬翴̬ηչ
˵ʵĿѾܹµõˣֲòΪԼ㡣
ȻܹиԼͬһĿģôһǷҲܹ벶ȸںأ
Ҫ㵽ȥɣǱڰȫһЩܹŵҵ֥ɲݡʵڲУӲͷƤһˡ
ʮҹΨһ뷨ˡ
Ϊ֪ҪνҲĿǰΪֹΨһİ취
ȻĻ¸ԯȴΪף¸Լ뷨
ĵڷһЩʱһҪǰĻʱŵҲΧ׷½ˡõİ취Ȼֱԣöҵ֥ɲݡʱΣʱӲͷƤһǡ
˷¸Ļ֮ɵҲ˵ͷʾԼϿ뷨
ʮҹҲ÷¸˵ЩǼ˾ΣټϵȴȺ˵ĵ
ȺµԵʮֵѵأȻֱ֮ӳͷβķ
÷¸輸˲ⶼʼ۾˼﾿Ƿܹ׾ٵҵ֥ɲݵĴڡ
Ļ˵δһ£ΪҲԴ֮صֲȥطѰҵĻ˵Ȼз㡣
ҵˣϴ󣬺ҵķ
¸輸˼ŵĹУڵͻȻһ˾ϲ
Ⱥûзǵ˾һͬӿ˸ڵӣ¸輸˶һۣ˶Էеϲ
˵֪ôһ£ΪȺδؼ֥ɲݣҵҲһǡСΪһǵĻǾȥӲɣ
ʮҹΪ侲һЩԼȻϿɡ
ϾȫѹĻҲˣҲɾһ
ǳֺӦϾԼĴԨ֮ؾ޵еġ
ԾţҲ˽ӽ޹УҲһڲ
Ҳô룬ԲŻὫ֥ɲݷŵ
¸輸˻ʮҹ˵ֱԭذھᴫʲô
Ⱥ˸տʼʱǷǳϲģһ
¸輸˾ܹǵĶԻó֥ɲݡ
磬̲ˣ֥ɲû
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578 

⻰֮󣬶ǰһ
ȻûһٶʱԨ֮ؿʼضɽҡ
ⲢΪＴ̮дԶһ
ô£Ѳɾڲ˺䶯𣿡ʮҹһüͷһ߷
¸ҲΪȻʱûеͷϿɣҲûгڷӦ˼ŽӦô졣
ڴҶ֪ӦǺãηӦʱɵƺͻȻܵʲô
ԣ֪ΪȺͻȻϢУᵽϤζ
ɵ۵Ļ˽һΪϼ˼
¸Ҫѯʵʱɵ۾˵ˡ
ʵ֮ǰһЩС£ҷĿΪֻΪЩԹûóʱ˵Ծδͬǽ͡һٵۣݺңĿҲ֪Ϊ֡¾Ԩ֮أΪɾֻǽ˽ǰˣ
ɵΪܹ꣬ܵϢҲΪ֡
¸־Ƿǲ̫Ĺϸ
ڷȺõ֥ɲݵҲܹͬȻĻֻҪɵԼռ֮ڣȺװڴˣžͲܵκΣˡ
Ȼɵ۾ͺһδȷ¸轫˵֪ЩʲôԶûô򵥡ٵۣʵϼҲһġҲܵϼָУҲӲ˸ϵ
⻰̲סЩȻҲ֪Ϊͷʲôġ
ɵǾӲӲҲԸˡ
ֱͬ׽ĳӣ˳õ֥ɲݡ
һϵ鶼ǰģǶҪڣֲ֪Ӻ֣÷¸Щͷˡ
и취ʼճĬŵԯͻȻ˵һ仰˵Ŀⶼ˹ȥ
ԯҲûԥƽʱǲôһˣ뵽˷ӣԸѾǲĽ
ȻȺ˵ĿǵĻͽȺ˵ϢһɼĻңϸڵˮ֮лпõõ֥ɲݣΨһİ취ˡ
ûԯ˵ȷΨһİ취
ΪҪȥһӱܻ׷ڶ¾ǻҪڳҵ֥ɲݡ
ҪȻĻһжˮһˡ
ǲҪ飬ȻҪ׼ӦԲǡ
Ȼˣھ͸Ͻȥڵ޹ɡ֮ᡣʵڲУҲ취ǸҿĽ㣡
¸֮󣬾͸ϽĶһ˸ڵ޹
ΪڸڣֲҪô·Լû߶Զ·
ȺƺҲΪͻ𶯺Ⱥڵ˶е˾棬һʱ֮ûӦôһ¡
ûû뿪һվԭء
¸ʱҲֻǵĿ˷¸ѣûٶ
¸һ۾Ϳһŵ֥ɲݣƾһӡ¸ܹһۿᡣ
ȷ֥ɲݣ˵Ǹʱ˿֥ɲݣΪԴ֮شңһֱ״̬˳˹ȥ
ʮҹԯȷӦ˹һһҵĻŷ¸˶ȥ
ɵʱܳңһʲôȻǹԹԵռ֮ڣȴźϢ
¸˵֥ɲݣһжԵ׾١
Ȼ֥ɲ֮һ룬ǸҲٴͣǷӦ˹ôһˡ
˿Լյģ˿¸˷ٳӰڷӦôһ¡
ԵҲʱ뷨ǸղŻ֥ɲݵǸ˵׷֥ɲݵ뷨
ˣǰҪ֥ɲˣϽ׷
Ļ䣬ͬһһӵϣ˷ɱȥ
Ҷһڵӣͷ·õ֥ɲĲһ
ʱ˿̣˿üʮҹԯһһҵʼջŷ¸衣
¸ǲؽ֥ɲռУɵȱܡ
¸ԼʵڶֻɶѣԨ֮ĳϣΪ㲻ǵףҲԸ߲ȥ
ԸȺ˿϶ûɣ˵ѻʯ
ټϼϵĻһȺˣ֪ʹӲӲҲԻʧܡ
Ƕ˵ֱϰ취һգ۾ͽؾ֮С
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579 ë

ؾУһɽˮӡ
һõ֥ɲݣȻҪɵ۴ռ֮г͸͸˳㿴֥ɲݵǶҲԡ
û뵽ǣûȷ¸輸˵Щʲôɵռг
л֥ɲݣǰһĻȻ㶡
ǡ
ɵЩ棬¸˻Щ֡
Ϊ˵ɵӦҲǵһμؾˡ
ѲʱǱĶе
ɵۣҵؾҵռڼľһʱˣ׷ɱĹǶô
¸ԼʣȻɵһһ̾ӡ
¸˵̾ͽ
Ҳ˵ҵһչǰʱǺε״̬ȫû˼۲⸽ĳ֮ļΡҲǽӰչǰʵǰڷŵģǼ˵Ӱ⣬ռеĳˡͻȻ⣬ǵһΣȻˣ
ɵ۵Ľͣ¸輸һ˼ôһ¡
⵹ҲûʲôþȵģҪɵĻʼʱǵһͲĻᡣ
ؾɵǰ׵ı¶˳ɵ۸еͬʱȹ۲һе֥ɲݡ
ʼ֥ɲݣؾйƺôҲһ
һй䣬һ߻š
ؾɽҲǷëǣ벻һСɵжܹõı⡣ֻʲɵвˣֻǡ
˵˶٣ּ˵ֻǾؾ֮ءƺؾ߼
ɵ۶ڷ¸ؾۼߣʵҲǣûмı¸ؾȻǲ˵ġ
ǰѩɽڣҪôѩ붼˰֮
طɽˮ㲻˵ͬһһˣԴζ
ռ֮Ͳ˵ˣһȫĲܵκвĳѾ˸еˡ
е羰ĳУɵӵеؾ֮ͬ
Ҳɵڿ֮󣬶ԭ
ټؾ֮ĴڣҲֻĴɵ۲ŻӵС
֮³һС֮УҲ˵Сɣ֮ǰûһʱ֮ڻûзͨˡ
ܹӵؾôеأ
¸Ŀ佱֮Եò꣬˼ؾ𾪣Ƕ˵ûʲôҫġ
Ӧǰ¶ǣοõһУԼŬ⣬ҲһЩԵɺϡ
¸ʱԸ⿪ھ˵ȻҲҪԼʵˡ
һ֮ɵʲô飬תͷŷ¸˵֪ûа취飬Щ֪ҲǲΪ档ǧҪ¶УϾɽ֮ɱ˶ᱦżʣȷ仹Ҫң
Ļ¸Ȼĵ˵ͷ
ȣ֪ɵҲһ⡣
Ϊ˵ԼҲܹ˽⵽һ㡣
ڵʵôҪȥڵʵҲ粻ͣҫ
Ϊǿ˵ȫԸԼԼʮҹԯ䡣
һֱʵȥĻȻǳ˶þͻΪ˵жд̣۲Ĵڿ϶Ҳɱ֮
˵ؾһ磬ڷ¸УһܹΣʱΪǱĴڡ
ķҪΣʱ̾ǵģȻҲǲչڲεС
һ֮Ҳûʲô̫ĹϵôҲɲ浽ǵĴˡ
Ԩ֮ѾңǰһˣǵҲҲǡ
ǳȥ˵ģǽҲûʲô˵ģϾѾõ֥ɲݡ
žǸϽ֥ɲݣɵץãָܹ
ȷ֥ɲˣҾͿץȥˡؾȻãΪʱٿԱúǡڴ˴ܹӿָٶȡ
ɵ˵ǵļƻͻеø죬Է¸輸Ȼϲġ
뿪Ԩ֮صһȻңҲû˳ȥ¶˼ȻҲר
¸۵ʱɵǱڻָĹ֮Уʮҹԯͬ¸һͬ˹
ǵ¸ע⵽Χʱ򣬾ԸܵΧĲһ
-

580 

¸ֱվĵصⲿ˹ȥ
ǰɽˮƺӣȻ¸ȴܹظܵõɭƺøΪһЩ
Ϊؾܹܵƺڲ֪оȻҲԼһͬˡ
ʱԶһȺӰȻǲ˵һȺĴڣȺͬˡ
ԯ֪ǵĴڣʱޱվһûз
ʮҹ֮ǰҲһΣҲûм顣
֪ؾȫѷûκεĵڣȻǲˡ
Ȼֱ¸һȮһĶ˷¸ǰ
Ⱥ޹ɵĸ
֪˿ĳΪ¸ǷһȺȮࡣ
ôǷʲô𣿡
¸֪ĪͻȻԼǰȻҲлҪ˵ġ
Ǻһµķ֣¸迴ķԺɵô󾪡
ؾԵ޹ʵѾˣǾȻĹͨͨΪ˵ɣ
ûһδȺΪ˸߷¸Ϣ
֪ΪΣؾĪ˲˵ȺѾǵɼĴˡ
Ҳ¸һͬɽʸ˵ɽ޵пҲǽΪͼĴڡ
һִͬؾһͬĺǲйģȻ÷¸Ⱥеϲ;ˡ
ȻʮҹҲһ侲Ǽĳӵɵö޲Ҫɳˡ
¸裬ǰʶʱ򣬾;ʵ̫죬ָܹҲˣ벻Ҳ档Ȼһͬ˲˵Լ޶ֱֲܹ
ʵѩҲŷˣֲֻ̫࣬ҪЩ˵ӡ
ȺȻҲǶڰ۲ߵΡ
һؾҲѲĹϵǲΪŷ¸Ǹѡеˡ
Ƿ¸ĻĿǰΪֹҲʼڼ֮عһˣҲûκεĽչ
Ȼ˷¸֮һСͺһ
Ŀ죬ٶ˵Ҳ⡣
˳Ǽ֮磬ؾι䣬ѩɽΪ⣬ĵصҲƬƬ̤
ָо˵ģؾطûмʶģµӡ
˵ٺò飬Է¸ҲһЩм
ѩ벻Ҫ֣Լռ֮ڶŷ¸ѡ
Щͨĵطԭȴ״̬һƬҲչֳ˱ɽһǡ鲼ֲҵľЩֲ޽еġ
ѩĻ¸͸Ӿˡ
ֲǵ˵ֱܹͬһĴڣҲϺõļƷ
ԭͬһĵطҲβƵĵص㡣
Ȼ¶һЩѩ˵鲼ֲĻǶҪ¶ࡣ
Ҳ˵һƬ벻ıأ϶ҲļѴڡ
Ҳ÷¸Ϊˣȫ벻һġ
񿴵ĳЩۼΪʵζ
ˣЩš
ȻĻҲûа취ģοʵ˵ζҪŵġ
⵽ôһ£ڻǲܹȻ
¸ҲʼﰵԴĦؾʵˣǵķߵһ԰϶¡
һƬǴδֹģɵʮɵ֮Ҳ߼Ĵڡ
⾹ȻܹؾǺ֣Ѿֻδ֮ˣԳƵš
ɵȻУ֪߳˶Ҳ鿴һ
֪飬Ҳܹͬ¸룬ͲԼ뷨
ҾؾѾôˣѾĴڡھεУҲö֪Ϊ˵ĴڣΪɽӲʮɵ۵ؾ֮ɽδؾ֮ǰѾߵȼĴˡ
ɵ۵һξԯҲޱ飬̧ͷߡ
֪ɵǲῪЦģ⾹ȻҲ糶˹ϵ
˵һ绹Ǵŵģˣ޷͹֮ڡ
⵽ʲôˡˡ
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581 

֮ɵۼǰѱӵչֵ˼£ʱʼһ̲ͣ¸
ǿǧҪһ㱩¶ˣķ©УЩĻ֮˾Իһʱ򲻹ûκεĺôɽң
仰¸Ѿ˲ˣʮҹЩǳ鴤
ǰɴӲɵ۾ȻСĽĴڣҲûκεķǷ֮ˣҪҲͣѡ
ûȶ徲ɵһ̸ֽĶ˵ķ¸һˡ
¸裬һҪغܡϾؾƥĵһҪõģ
¸ЩΣĻԯʮҹܶΣ¸ȻҲܶεġ
δһľѾɵ˲ʮˡ
֪µȷҪСĵģҲ֪ȥ
ʵɵѣֶ֪ɵҲֻһģԲûгֹ
Ϊ˷ֹ˵ȥ¸̶תƻ⡣
ɵۣЩǶѾ˽õˣҲǾЩʱҴȥǿسһؾȥһԸĻһ𣬲ԸĻҲȥ֥ͬɲһ
һ˵Ҫȥȿس䡣ɵҲʵΪ档
˵ûκε֮룬Ҫ﾿жôء
ΪȻΪɵۣδʶģȻҲޱأԳΪС
ٲȥʶʶһҲĻᡣ
Ҳͣ߶¸ȻȻľʹЩһͬǿسȥ
ѩҲʵҲڰ¸ָ·
¸֪Ƭس֮ǰһֱֳ״̬ģԡ
еĵطڲϵƺҲǰͬ
̤ʱ򣬲ǴԶܿȺֲǱ⡣
ҲǸܵƬ¿سĵ򾿾кβͬ
ûЩ亱ֲ⣬棬ĵص㾿кȻǲö˵
ĵص㣬˵ؾΪɹһطΪܲ˵ǶȺ˵ѵ˿ڴ˴ңҲҳȥҪʱȫﲻͣĳʵԼΪǴ˵ȫİ취
ɵԼҲΪȻ
Ҳ뿪ؾĵطǼʺģֶֺΪأ
Է¸輸˾͸ɴЩֲɲóԺõʱȻǿá
ȫʱ˿Ϊѡĳչˡ
ɵЦЦЦоȻЩο
Ҳ˵һԽ˴ûлصռ֮ڡ
棬ʺĳٶҲӰٱ
֥ɲڴ˴ָĻܵٶҲӦûӿࡣ
ɵȻ뵽һ㣬ͬһͬٶȽ״̬
ؾҲǺܻģ˵پڷ¸Ĺ֮䡣
ܹһЩϢ磬Ҳؾ֮ΪһЩЧ
һ޸һʱ䣬ʱˡ
ǵٶҲ˲٣˵ò˼ξܹɵľˡ
ǵٶȿɵ۶̲סޣҪĲǸϽȥ浽״ôˡ
ڹһжѳ䶨Ⱥ֥ɲݵ˵ôǾԲö֪ġ
ɵ۲˸֮Ѿ뿪ˡ
ΪԨ֮ѾңķǲǶҲһܹ˽ģ϶һ㡣
˭ܹ̤µλûö֪
жңǵܹõ
ٴ̤ʱǽؾ֮ǰǴص㡣
̤Ƭأ˵˽̤ʵصĸоΧ˵κϢѾܲˡ
ǴȺѾ뿪˰ɣ˵ռɽΪԴ֮Ҳ㲻СģµȨоԲռɾλáҲԨ֮صĸԼµĵص㣬ֻ񵽵׷䵽ʲô̶Ȼö֪ˡ
ҪɽĸƶȺ˵һЩ뷨Ϊ˽һЩʱȻǺĳڸ¸輸˽
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582 Ұ

˵һƬ򣬵ǶᣬҲͬһԡ
ɾһƬȻϵĵλӵеġ
Ԩ֮شȴƽһЩ岻ֵΪһƬصͬƽһĴڡ
¸˳ɾĵ֮󣬾ͳǴһ
һȻЩЧģܿǾ˽
ʵԨ֮ǽؾ֮ǰȥѾˣѾƽ
ȻɾˣǾҪһͷӲǡ
мҰܵʱȻǾض𣬲һֹһ
Ƿ׷ռ̣Գ˵ƽеȻǲ˵ġ
Щ۰ҲĶĺܡȺʼԨ֮ȥˣҲܲʲôһ¡ϵΪ˵ռԨ֮֮ˡ⼸λռģڽƬҲ֮ڡ
һ·˵Щ¸ǶԨ֮شһȫµʶ
ȻͬǵһεʱżĲͬˣЩƺҲûʲô̫Ĺϵ
ֻҪ˽һ°ˣҲΪ˷ʱܹ֮˽⵽ɽı仯
ǽ˵ûκε뷨׾ٵ뿪ƬǷ֮ˡ
ǵĿҲѾɣ֥ɲݵֻ֮ʱ䡣
ɵɹ֮ΪڵĴһϰȫƽǾͿԿʼǰĵҲˡ
Ƕλ·˵л֮תߵʱ·ͻȻסǡ
һ£һЩδǽ˵Ļû뿪ԶͻΣգԲ˵ꡣ
˵¸輸תͷͶȥѯʵĿ⣬ƺͺ﾿Ƿʲôȷһ
Ҳԥ֪⼸ܺãҲû˼
ο˵Ļһ򣬲ʲôΣ֮С
Ҳһ·Ҳȥģͳֱӽ
ģ¡ٵ⣬ȻҲ֮ˡֻ˵ĻͲΪռ֮أȴһƬƽûı仯𣿡
ĻŻȻ򣬾ͺһһҸϽѯʡ
ȷӣڿȥѾȶΪλûʲô仯ͺһж֮ǰһƽˡе֡
·ҲԼ˵ˣȺȷʵʲô˽ġ
Ʊ仯ĺܿ죬һõ˲Ż˽ȻҲûκͼ
֮һȻص¡һ˵֮˵ȷʵ̫һЩһȴλٵ۹ͬռģֱѰͳ죬ĻҲӦ˽˵ͷֻ˶Ȳ¡ѡ֡¡ͶԸˣڲŻţֳ㶦ʽ
Ļ¸輸˶Ȼ򣬽ҲҪĽͣ¸輸Ҳˡ
Ȼ˵Ļ˼Ҳ˵̤ƬԺҪСıλٵץȥ
ҲǽǣҪ뿪Ļ뿪
ΪȻһδƽһ𣬵лǰӿ
עĻпֱܾץȥ
η¸輸˶µһȫµʶȻ˵ĻҪľĵ뿪ǡ
ٴγ·˵л֮ǾϢ뿪
Ȼ˽һʮСһ·Ҳûʲô顣
⸽İӿһ·˼뿪ʱܹܵõ
ɼɾ֮󣬾ķָҲȷȺ˶ܹ˽ĵˡ
Ҳǲп벻ϦദҿȥҰĵˣȻܹʱͻȻ
ԤıѾãһǴɱɾλᡣ
û飬ͻ״ҪԼҰһأ
ЩǴ˵׼飬¸輸Ҳ⡣
Ψһ뷨ǶȽ˸һ˽⡣
ǸӵǿʳģľͿ϶Ҫ޳
ûľȻҪ̭޿ɺǵġ
侲ûκζƶȣڸʱŻᵮǿߡ
Ҳɽ֮ǰеһЩ뷨ûбĶ
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583 

뿪֮ҲĴߣһǾ׵ĵط
ԭǴصԭȵĵص㣬Ҳŵġ
ֺ˵Щ飬ŴһЩҪ鷳
ϸ˼һ£ûлصһƧĵطʼֽн顣
¸ٶҪһЩ˵ʮҹԯ䶼ǲµģǽȴҪԿһ㡣
Ե˶֮󣬾ͲԼͬĻ౨˽Ĵ㡣
һٶ֮ɡ
ʮҹָָԼֿ˿Եԯ䣬˵뷨
ԯ˵ͷҲȷʵҪš
¸֪ǵ뷨Ҳû̫ԥ
Ϊ֪ԼҪЩʲôԼĴ㡣
ԼôҲǡܹǵĽȣԷ¸˵Լ뷨
ǵ뷨Ҳ⡣ڲҪðȻѾľ磬ǾȥɡؾôֲӦˡƳһЩϺõĵҩڱҪʱҲܹʱóԱʱ֮衣
ڰɵ˷¸뷨Ҳ͵ĵ˵ͷȷĿǰΪֹõİš
ɵ۱˽ҪЩʲô˵ǲκ˵㲦ҲܹԼõˡ
ץʱԼ꣬Լ
֥ɲݣٶѾߣѾ롣
Ź˶áܹ壬ҸԼһոµ
ʱϼǻҪվһµϣҲܹΪԼƽһС
һҲ¸Ѳ˸ϵΪǵĻԼҲٵٶȡ
¸˲æִʶɵ۶ûмʶġ
ȻȻ˽⵽Ϊɵ۵߶δ󵽹Ķ
ϲֵͬʱҲȷҪרעúõԼˡ
¸ʵҲһЩ뷨ģĿǰΪֹҪΪһЩҩԱʱ֮裬֪ܹķ
ʱһЩܼɵһ޴ķԾٶҲܹ
ҷֹȷͿٽ״̬
ֻûܹõ״̬ûг죬ͻһЩ벻ͻ״
¸һԼȦĵרȻʵķԾȴĲ˿֮ƺһ˿Ծĵط
ҲڲԶĵطƺеͻȻ֣ҴҲ΢һЩ𶯣֪˵Ķ龿жôӴ
÷¸üû֪ͨɵۣһӦץ֪ͨһɴеʮҹԯ䡣
Ǳ۾ͣеԴķʽʮҹԯ䡣
ʮҹԯʵҲڲóأȻûãΪǺͷ¸ĽȲ˶٣Ҳ쵽˳صʱ
ʱ͸ûйԥˣ˷¸ǴϢ֮󣬶˵ľֱ˷¸ߡ
ովͲҪ¸ĽͣҲܹĸܵõȷʵһ󲿷⴦
ҵѾʮԣܹĸܵõ˵һЩʧĸо
һ侲ǶʶһƺĲˡ
¸轫õ¯պãִ
ŻûЩʲôһֱɵƺҲܵʲôʱѡ
Ⱥ֮͵ĵҲܵˣܹȷǵݡǼ˵ٱ¶ˣӦϼġΪȺ˲ϼȺ׷еһǵʱȺرˣ֥ɲݵʱһˡ
ɵ۵ĸод鼸˵ǰ϶ˡ
Щ˾ôǵģһͲҪ¸ľᡣ
Ϊǲ˵Ҳܹ˽õ֮ǰεܹϼȺ׷׷ǵʱǾʶϼŲͬķʽܹͣı¶ǵλá
һʼʱҲ֪Ҳ˶á
ֻҪûг׽ǾͲܹһշƽ˾ӡ
ʱͶܿƽƽ֮󶼿ʼ˼ŽӦô
ζ˵ʵǲ̫ѺãĹ̲Žһ룬ǵҲûнкܶࡣȲͬ£ǰָʱЩˡӲͷƤˮһսĻͷҲưոݡ
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584 ӵ

¸Ļ䣬صƺǿһ
˵ڳ˶ɽ֮ˣ󲿷˶Ƽı£ȻǾͷ·Ҫ¸һһ
һ·ͨķʽһֱ̤ģԼǷ¸Ҳܹõǵڡ
ˣʹɱֵζ
˵ǻбĵƣҲؾ
һˮһսĻֱӶĻǴ鷳
οؾҲ˵þãƵõĻͻ
˵һʵǹڶһЩҪʱǻǲܹؾ
һ֮¼һĶԴ
նɱͲ˵ˣܹԼõһ
˶ôģҲôġ
¸ǱϾҪβҪһ
Ծó֮ǰ¯ӣȽЩܹ޸ĵҩ׵Ľһβټǰߡ
ʮҹԯոϣҲʱ֡
Ļᣬ϶Żٵ˷ܡ
ֻԯһĵӣһж᲻ȤһʮҹֵҪΪһЩ
¸ҪȥβɵһĨﲻʲô̫æԾרȥ
ʮҹ˵ֱӳǰȥȺĳʱҲʱķӵ
ԯʮҹһ˷ǼĳԼıͬʱ
벻ʱǾȻҲܹп׼սˣҪ֪Щ˵͵ɣҲвٱԯʮҹҲ߳ܶȼˡ
ɸǲǶӲӲ뷨˽ֹš
ֻû뵽ǣͷȻԸԯʮҹ
ûԯʮҹ˵ûнɼʱȻܹӱ
׼ս˲˵ɱʱҲ˲ˡ
ǰЩЩȴˣȳľԴ֮رȥ֥ɲݵǻˡ
Ϊû֥ɲݣǵʱеǸҲǵĻ飬˵ٶȱ˲˵
ûɵʵҲ
ʱǾͺȷİԯһ˵˳ҡ
Ȼǲ˵ЩҲܹٽһĴˡ
ֻû뵽ǰ棬ˣЩй˸ʮʮ
ǵͷȻ򲻹ɣɾЩ۾ˡ
ǣһȺϷ
Ⱥ˲һͱ˴룬ʼʱرȺһȥʽϣΪҲȽϸߵֱվ˳
һƿ˵ʹȺرһͬ
ǶǼǺܲĵģʱ͸¶ȺɵλãȻҲһͳһսߣЭıһرĳԹ
ӿ˵һȺʱҲ˵ЩʲôϾʵǱǮʱ
ǱһȺȽ˲˵仨ˮ˵Ҳֱܹ˵̬ȶӡ
Ȼû뵽ǶԸȳȥߣʮҹԯһȻͽˣڳ˶𾪡
ǰɣǿɣ׼սҲˣղŵǸɿٴαģһȻ͸
ȺпʼС˶һ
ζûܰεͷԸɣǾ𾪵ͬʱҲЩй
ٴַ󣬵Ҳɱԯʮҹһһˣ
˵ǵҲòȥҲǵǱۼ
ɼһ˵ܹ׼սǶǵʵչɵͬʱҲǵһӰ졣
Ҫֹвκ˺ȫܵģĴڣʱԶ֮ˡ
ʮҹԯЩģ˻÷¸õҪΪһټʱͻȻһжͣˡ
ûˣ֥ɲݵһԼһǾͱرһȺ⣬Ҫһˡ
Ҳϼɵİ֣һν˵λϢɢȥˡ
һͻĽͣҲһ˵ͷġ
ͣһ¡
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Ϊܹڳʼռսŵ˶ߵҲδõ
˵Ӱ˵˶ûõ
¶ʱΪȵĿ¾ɵˡ
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585 պ

һ
ɵΪܵϤϢԴв
û뵽ոնⷽռ䣬̧ͷ˵Ǹ˾ϤޱȸǶʹޡ
ûǸ˴Ⱥ̤ղŽһսȫͣˡ
ǰΪ˼ʶһȺʼոɵ۵ˣҲΪ˼ʶɵ۱ǷĴڴ˵ˡ
Ҳһɢ˶٣ЩҶ˶Ŀŵǳԭ
ߣǺþò
ûﲢվǰ˲Ǳˣš
Ҫʱ֮һһ
һѣµߴδʶܹĵ֪
ǴСһֱǸλã˵һ·ࡣ
ȴ³Ϊ߱һӶԸƽĴˡ
˲ǺѣһҲΪΪ׽ˡ
ΪΪûʮɵ֮һߵ¡
ȻȻҲܵߵΣΪΪεһ¡
ڷ֮˽ǰֵǰ£ͻĲ²⡣
һΪλᱳߣΪϼĹϵΪͶ
ϷǾģɽҲ⡣
¸ǰͼʶҲĲ²⡣
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һ̬ȿȥΪ侲Щļƻõģôܲް㲨
Ǹ侲ӣ˶ѻȸԴϵֳ
ǲ֪ΪΣʾ÷¸һûĲ
Ϊ˽һЩ飬ԼһЩԼɫʵĳɷ档
ֻ˵һϵʾЩƷӰĽ
ɵڼһ̣⣬ʣµľǺ޲ǰ˺顣
ΪպѾ˲ĳˣһӶͬԼİһԼ顣
ڿĵһӦɱҲȫ֮ڵ顣
˵ǰٿᣬôôõѵһȻͱܹ˽⵽Ķ
ǰİޱȣҲޱȵʹޡ
ԼûзĿĿˣҲܸʲôô
ߣһʵ̫侲һЩ
򶨵ľͷ·Լͷ·һвƻ˵һ
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¸˵ĶԣԼ״̬ȫûȥԿһġ
ܹ֮֮⣬һִĺѣҲڳɵ֮ˡ
ԼԸǾ˽ģԸѡΪԼ˽⣬ֲܹ϶
ʱȻǲ̫ڳ嶯ҲǿԼֹסŭֹסҪǰ˺뷨
ǲ֣ܹܶڽǣִܹ
ɵվԶǻŭԼǰԶʼδκζһ˿ڡ
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ɵһ䳰ȷĻһЦһ¡
û˵ڣɵ۾ͷ·ҪǻŭȫйһģκοڵĻᣬͿʼһ硣
ô㻹ҪԷҵĻ𣿸ղŲǻһ侲ӣ㲽һ֣кͼҪٶ˵벻ͷһӢҾȻᱻԼŸ㣬ѵǹ̫𣿻ǹԼ̫ţ
ξһҪڣҲı죬ͷ·ڿɵһϷһ
״̬͸Ҫһˣ治֪һôֱ׳վԼǰ񻹴ôЦġ
ѲɾͲԼڵɢȥȺһûбڣǾͳ׵ĽѸ
ĻʡЩ˵ҪܹϼɵЩѸ£ĿǰΪֹҪ顣
ʹ֪ϵķйԼŭ˵һƿԲõѡɵȴҲҪô
ΪѾѹˣ޿ˡ
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586 Ͷ

ɵĲУʵһҲòȥ
ֻһ˱Ͽȥһ򶨵ӣϵɫƺδ仯֣˲֪ĻΪֻ֮ǵĳްˡ
ͨǶһһҵĶԻܹó֮ƺޡ
ڳЩһˣֶָͨҲӵиָԸǵķʽɡ
ȻʱǵЩƺҪˣٲȻһȺԹȺվһԣֻһȺΧһڿⳡ־硣
ʵǱһʼʱֻΪǰģȥϢ֮ȴ龰
ǾԼǵͺëƤСһ΢֮⳹ǵʹ޲Ŀͷ
Ҳ֪Ǳ˻ôȺ˶ʼվһһ仰ˣͬһ仰ԵĻһ
Ϊ˵һ֣һһУȴһԲ
κεɫ仯κ˶֪ʱ˿̵Ҳһòȥġ
߱վһٵЩ˼ɣ˵һĿļֳġ
˶Ѿ˵ģǾҪɱߡ
ĿˣĿĲôֲôʹޣ
ޱվضߣҲֻǱˡ
﾿ʲô־˭أ
ӻԼ̵ˣҲ̵ˣվ沢Ҹʼսŵȥ̲ˡ
һһ⸱Ӿ;ǰӣǧǰǰһͬЯֽʱʼ⸱ӡ
Ҳ֪ôˣֵ׷ʲô顣
Լ˶꣬ʼմԼߣ˵ǳϦദΪһˣȻҪĹͷԼ
߳ôЩû飬Ҳ޷ܵġ
ҲΪε˴˾ľ֮еԽܣЩܻԭ
Ҳɻˡ
һӣⰮ˵ëû⣬ĵǶ˲٣
߿ƿЦһ£˵һĪĻ
˵Ȼ֣Ƿ¸Ǹˣ߻е
仰еǴЩζҲ֮ǰзһʴ
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ϾһȺ˶˽ιģʱ֮겻ѡ
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ΪǸͲȥ񱻴ҲǱڹһȺˡ
ҪŪԼһôھŵ״̬Ҫϸ˼һ
ҲһϼѾ滮˵ģֻҪȺ˰ǵļƻߣֲܹ׾ٵĽЩֱ˵ıˡ
Ⱥޱһ㣬ȫ²ʲôġ
²ⲻɵΪʮɵ֮һݡ
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Ϊ֪ѾٱǿȥʱЩôǰ
ûǰʾϼһıԼõһС
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ʧ֮Ӧȥ飬ҲĿǰΪֹҪȥɵһԸ
ҪȻǵЩ飬Ҳû塣
֪ʲôǻͶ𣿡
ڴҶԼ˼ʱʼδð仰һȴͻȻ˿ڡ
ֻһ򵥵ĻȴȥʼѡĬԭ
ѲڷߣԼʲô˵Ҳûʲô˵ġ
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ȻһĻ䣬ڳ˻ûӦôµ£ըë
⻰ʲô˼ѲɻҪҧһ𣿵Ļô֣ᷢ㺦䵽˽ֵزûͶĻĿ˵ѵⲻӦҵ̨𣿡
һΧŵ˸㿴ҿ㣬ôһˡ
ټŭʵϾǲ׾ʲôǶ˽Ҳһš
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587 ս

೰һʱֻ֮ϺռϷ硣
Ϊһһ仰Ͷһﾪˣȴû˵ЩʲôʼҲԵһЩ޻˵
ܿ죬Ǿ䷴ߵĻͱԺˡ
߱ʱʼδֱ֣ɴƵƵڽǡ
־ò񫣬վܹһЩԲͣϵĹ
Դһ㣬¸˽ߵ飬ԶĳҲֲ֡
һƿڴ
ǵĻ治һܹɵĶ
ԼһƲлʼտĿİļֵڣڿҪӭ˾Ļᣬôʱ򲻽ԼЩйһأ
Ȼʱ򣬾Ҫ滺һ飬ҲҪһʵĶȵġ
ڼŭʼճĬŵһ
տʼʱһޱģǺǧ겻ñɽϾͳһ˿ѣԿóȷʵһЩ޿ˡ
ԼЩûʲôԣԲԣԹһ档
˵ľʱҲܱαԼĶԲԣлһŵĶġ
Ȼʱȫ˶Է֣ټһֱ鲻ɿڣǵϡ
ǲܳڵЩ龿ǶǴʱҪԼĿġ
Ҳټȥˣֻһ˫һ̧ߵķָ˹ȥǼ˷׷ʱ
ĳ¸ɫһѾµôһ¡
Ⱥ˵ȷǱϼһųȥ˵ϢǽһһͬźһУר־Ըǡ
˵ȫ飬һǿԶԸΪָĳС
Ǿ˱ָԸҲûʲô
ԽԼеŭйһֶֺΪأ
ȻȻҲʹӦǡ
ʼʱְһֱһ
ڿһ֮֮ȫҲͬΪ֮ǰ˵ġ
¸İ㲻֮ǰһǣһҲǷԸ˵ġ
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ǿʳ磬˵͸Թûʲô̫
ο˽ĻԶ֪ȥġ
ʱ򣬱˵еͬ飬֪δֳ֣Ҳûʲôѡˡ
ڵǾͷ·һ߼İһ㣬˵ͬиеͣϰµˮƽ
Ⱥ˵Ҫ¸һȺȴ׾ٵĺܡ
Ȳ˵٣Ϊǵ͵úܡ
ɽи㲻ǰεͷĴڣȺΪ˲ٵ˵Ǿ͸·һȺСආһΪˡ
ΪߵľɵۣȻոȹ̣δüΪҲֻ޸һְѡ
භ˵Ǻʤ㡣
Ȼͷϵ龰˵ܹµóᷢʲôȴûаȴ˼
¸˶һۣڴзתŽִ㡣
ɵ⸱Ҳܹҵ˵ģֻܱ߹۲˼ǽҪЩʲôһŽ·ߡ
ȺʱȻָӵģߵһƣûȺˡ
ʼʱһƬ궯˺ɴֱִַ㿪սˡ
Ǳֱĳ߳˹ھһƬӰֻǽԼΪһ˵ذˡ
ԾǹҲɺֱӴߣĳѾ֪Լϵˡ
Ⱥ˰Χ׷½صַ׷׾Լһİ֣ʱ⼸ԵЩ޸֮
ȻĳĲǹƽֻǾЩƽ
ǺõƽĽһеġ
ѡĻǻԥĶ֣ɰͰ͵ĵǴԼš
Ⱥ˵ĿĲ򵥣һĶѡķ򣬵ĿΪȺ˽һͬΧҲΪν˶ԭ򡣡
ʮҹҲǸˣʱһۿǵĿģԵķ¸ԯ˵
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588 δٵ

ʮҹĻ¸ԯ䶼ΪȻ
ΪǶĳǳϿɣҲɵӣȻܹϵľơ
ο֮ǰ߾͸ǽϼ׻Źнˡ
ǶȻܹߵĹϵȻҲն
׽ʽԸ˵Ӧ׾ٵģôܾŹǣ
Զڴʱ˿̵һ˵Ǿ͵õѡ
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Ƿ¸ǾԲԸ⿴顣
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ʱȴƽ͵һС
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Ҫһ㣬ȴҲǷǳѵģԴʱ˿Ψһʣµ¾ӲͷƤˡ
ҲԼӲͷƤϣ¶Լ飬ڶǶԵģǳͽԷЩµΪġ
ڼ˵Էǳŭ̬ǰһС
ܲ˶Էһӣûй͵¡
ʹڸոȶһЩ꣬޸һЩΪûҲҪͶԷĴһ
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ֻŭһԹ޵Ŀֱһ˹ȥ
ͷ·ǺǰһǱԼХˡ
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ȻҪг𱨳ԹԹ
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Ϊֻһˣ֮ǰɵۣһ״̬û޲ȫΪܹǿȥѾԸԼˣһγȺ⣬߻ҪԸԼһЩԼˡ
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Ҫ֪Դ֮Ѿȥˣʵ˵Ҳǵٵۡ
ΪԼټΪûߵԭֻһžѾܹɵ۵ľˡ
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589 ·

Կ˳ԼߣһԭƽϾȻĸֳһЦݡ
붼룬˶ôЦݾкκ壬¸ȻҲ⡣
ʱܹ߸ӵ侲һЩ
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Щܹģ¸ǸɵãȥȻҲܹˡ
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ҪȻĻʱٶײһҲԷʲôͻˡ
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ŭĲУȻ᲻һеһ˹ȥ
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һ棬ܹܲԸˣһˡ
¸֪ǵĲ྿жô⣬͸»ǲͣĳˡ
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οֲԶڹҲҪԼʵġ
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ڸԷʵر£ʱ˿õѡȻ·
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˵£һָһӣֻҪڵóԸǣܹʱɢǻҷ
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590 Σ

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ŷ¸һ˵ıӰһ׹ôһ¡
ʱôԼߣǾͺԥĶ
ȺҲ֪׷ȥĻܿǾҪʧˣǺԥļȥ
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ķʱȻȴԵò졣
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591 Ĳ

Է¸侲̬ȣҵһЩһӰӡ
ΪһʱԼЩŭҲͬһԲģһ侲ĿϷ״̬
ͷ·ԼһͬСһ㡣
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ټȥĻ֮ǰҲǰ׷ѵġ
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592 ı

ĺܱǸһҹ֮䱻Լ˺ĸͬʱ״ЩƵסˡοղ飬һλεվǰȴΪŻĳ
ΪԼЩΪΪ˵˱Ǹ֮󣬾ʼ˳Ĭ״̬
Ƿ¸ȴܹٷ֮ٵ˽⣬ղ״ֽ֮ǰ˽⵽һЩ飬ʵԹ˵ҲѾǺɵˡ
һҹ֮侭츲صı仯ʱûħѾǺܶԵǺ߱ˡ
˵ǳ⣬˶õ顣
˾˸ͬ飬ʱҲδܹƵԼ
ĻôҪֹʲôҲΪġ
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ɵۣҲΪΪѡȺ˶ܹõֵ˽⣬ȻǲҪΪˡ
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οҲȷǺŬĵزʱȻܳԴ
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593 ز

ķҲ֪ܹ˽⡣ֻϵɲݣֱɲݺѪǡֻҪõҿɵۻָ
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ʵͨΪҲǴɲĵزġ
ѪĶȻҺõõġ
ȴǱҪģҪȻ¸Ҳ˵
ɵ۵״֮ǰҺٲͬݺΪҪȻǹѾһЩԭп޵ѪǣٲȻ˱ҪǱҪõܹɵ
¸軰䣬ȻǷ׷ױʾϿɡ
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ȴҲ벻飬֮ǰȸǴһЩ⣬ⶼǺˡ
ǰǼɽˣҪΪСһϼڴ˴ãԺжʱҪԽһЩ
·ʮҹǰһУ֪ϾҪҪĵص㣬Ǿ
¸ԯ䶼˵ͷʱȻҲ׼
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594 ʼδ

̤Ƭ֮ǾܹĸܵõԲô򵥡
ȻѾǾѾû·ˣҲ֪Ⱥ˾ʲôطţֻʲôð
ʱȻҲֻһһҪԼץʱˡ
ǰ˼ͿʼĴѰɲݵλá
ΪÿһƬǼģֱܵҵɲݡ
οضǵĻҲǼΪʵ顣
˵ҩĲȱ٣ȴҲǱضǡ
ǱضǵĻҲ
ֻҪٵĶɲݣȻץ뿪ǡ
ҲΪһֱˣҲûԭ
ǲҪݾߣΪסһǾѾػ⸽ˡ
ܹĸܵõ⸽̫ƽǲ֪ΪȴһϤϢҿԷǳĿ϶Բһϼǡ
ʱ˿ռͻȻðһ䣬¸輸˲ɵõ˼
ϤϢֲϼһĻǻ˭أ
ȫܹ⣬ȻҲһ˿ɻ
ΪһЩ飬ǻǲ˽ġ
Ծɵ۽˵ز˾˭ҲֻԼ֪
ɵҲ뵽һ㣬ʱȫܹ͡
ΪԼҲ˭ϤϢϵֻ˵ǶԷݾԼǺǻ
Ψһܹ˵Ĵ𰸣ȻҲһ
ҶȷΨһܹĺõľ˾ѷǵСǵ˵ĻˡϤϢƺδܵҲ⸽ǲҿ
ɵ۵Ļ¸ǷͿʼŽĶԲߡ
ĻʵҲһ¡
Ϊܹ˽⵽һЩҶ˵ѷˣǵˣѾõİ취ˡ
ҵǵĻһ֣
ȲǵҲѣ˵Ҳû̫Ļ
£ҪúõĴ̽һҲνġ
ɵ۵Ľ飬ǸɴѰ
Ҳ˵ǲҪ飬ȴҲ¡
Ϊ֪ɲݾںδҲֻһѰɲݵټһѰ⸽ɵ۸еϤһȺ˵䡣
ȻܹܵǵϢĻҲȷӦ̫ԶλòŶԡ
û֮ǻҵһȺˡ
ǰһȺƺʲô飬ҿȥǸһȺһġ
ʮҹһ·֮ȿǰһˡ
ΪȺ˵Ӵ󲿷ֶǳİȻȴӭһ͵Ϣ
һ֪ûκβٶˣֲǸһһ·ģҲѯ
ʵϸʼռ֮פŵɵѯʡ
Ϊֻ֪Ⱥ˾˭Ƿ˵ЩϢʮֺϤˡ
δȺ֮ɵȻûڵһʱ䷴Ӧ
ȴǳڷӦ֮Ȼûгŷ¸˽ͣ͸æȺ˴к
Զ
ǸԶתͷƲסϲ
ƺʲô˾ܵҲȷˡ
ɵۣ
ֱֻӳ߶ҲǱ߶ȥ
ļ˿ĳϵľϲҲ׷βסǸԶһͬ߸
¸ʼһԣȴֲ⿪ʼȺ˾Ǻˡ
κθɵйϵˣĳȻҲϻһ˷ܵ״̬һ֪ǾŲ֮Ե
ɵۿ˷ҲǺһЩԨԴڵģֻڽһµĻ¸輸Ҳܹ⡣
ȺѾߵ⸽ˣ˵ɵһһ״̬ûʵҲܹǰΡ
ҲΪǿɵ۵ݣŻֱ
˽⵽ǾѷǵУ¸輸Ҳ˿
ɵۣҲܾˣ벻ܹͷҿûз
Զ˿ȥᣬɽΪҲԲˡ
ֻΪɽ֮ԲŻһղϵĳ࣬ȻҲ˾رľȡ
ǿȥʢģҲѾˡ
ݼ˵ǲɵĽͣ¸Ҳܹ˽õˡ
¾ɵ֮ǰΪʮɵ۵ʱ򣬳Ϊεһ⣬һЩ˰ɡ
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595 ²

㵹ǰֲԶ֮ǰɵ۵
һ⣬Ⱥ˾ɵΪεˡ
һϵе飬˵ԶδܹʱǶɵ겻ģɵۻܹܵõġ
Ҫʱһμǣʱ䶼δȵֱӳ˹ȥ
˵ǿ֮󾿾жôļжôˡ
Ҳ˵Ǿ˺һ֮󣬵жôһжôγԶ
ΪһԶȴԲᱳɵۡ
Ϊɵ۵ĻվĳԶֻɵǶ״̬
Ǹ˶ܹóԶһʱ֮Ҳǵġ
˵ΪˣκʱҲаǱȴԵЩ糾ͣһЩ
ҲҪɵ۹ıܵǲɻ󣬳ԶǾͽˣ֮һϵ顣
Ƿ¸˽⣬ɵ۱˶ЩҲǲ˽ġ
Զ׿˵ҲһŵĶ
ǰķ˺ܶ飬ܹվҲΪһЩԵɺϡٵһЩȲѵĳɷڣȻҲΪѰټ
ճԶÿճ֮ʱɵ۵޹ǰ׼Ӵҿʼһ
Ȼһջδ޹һȺ˵˵ЦЦģӭȴɵ۱ˣޱһ
Ǽ΢һЩ޹֮ǰһ˵˵ЦЦģɺͳ
һƽԴǣ˵ҲûʲôɫȴӲӡ
ԵһĻ֮󣬽һʱ˿̵ɫ˶ԵһЩ㶣ƺȫûзӦôһ¡
ԶͷĿʱɴʹԼֵվ˳Щɻһѯʡ
죬ôһ£Ѳǽʲô鷢𣿡
Ϊƽﲻ䵭ʱɻҲ޿ɺǵġ
ȻҪѯʣȴһܹΪ
ֻһһĮ״̬ͽǴ۾顣
ɵѾˣΪûıҪץ뿪
⻰ϻǿ˵ڳԶ˵Ҳ׺䶥
ǲܹܵ£ȾǱûκɵĸϳȥΪܲ˵ľΪɵۻ
ܹܲȴһûκεĹϵһҲֻΪǲ˳Զһ˰ˡ
Կ⸱Ӧ֮Ҳһޱӣ˻ƺ׼͡
֪ʲôʱҲ˵ˣֻҪץ뿪ˡҪȻĻҲǿӲֶνǸϳ
⻰һѾκλתˣóԶ
ԳԶǾɻıϳɵ֮ǰҹĴ
ɻûнһȺֵ겻ġ
ʱ򣬼Ǳϳ˴޴ȥȴԼ뷨
ԶȶֵܱԼġ
ҾԲ򵥣пǷһЩǶΪ֪ĻһиһҲӲ˸ϵοҾɵԲᷢ⣬һӦǴģǲҪȥҡ
˵ǲԸʵ˵ɵ֮һĸӦ
Ǿɵ۾Բ䣬Ըղһ̬ɵ־Բڴ˴ˡ
ԳԶŻɽĴ䣬ҲһҪѰһɵټ뷨
ҲǸԶһӣɵۣô궼һĹӣ˵ȺҪһǸǿࡣ
ʱ򣬶һʱϿ˳Զ뷨
ãǾһͬȥѰɵ۵ɣ
֮ûзҹҹɽѰš
߱ÿһ䲻˵ҲɵҲûз
ǡ·ɽû뵽ǸܵϤϢ׼ڴ˶ͣһ
򲻸˵ɵۡ
ǿȥǳܣҲΪԼûз뷨ж
ɵȻҲǵĸжٰ֣ǵĽ֮ȻҲޱȶݡ
ԶܹΪߵȻڵʱǱεˡ
οһǸԼʶ˲⣬ЩԼ׽ˣ߻ܹٷ֮ٵεġ
ο֮飬߾͸ӼᶨԼ뷨
֪ԶһȺ˲ǶԼ겻ˣҲΪֵεˡ
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596 

¸ǶܹóԶһ˵Ϊ
Ǽٵۣ⼸ȫȲ˵ġ
ɶûеôȥٵ۱ȣ
ٵ۵ĻҲ͸һˡ
ߵΪܹһнĻóеһ
ѰҵĹУӱҲʧļˡ
Ȼ࣬ǣһССĶͻͻȻӴࡣ
ĿǰΪֹĻԸһҲ΢һЩ
ˣѰָҪҩʱҲӵһ㡣
һǲ׵飬ҪϸѰҩʱǿ϶ͻָΣա
ڵҲʮֺõģΪļнпܻɾһĴڡ
ʱָķգĹУ˱Ǿٺòˡ
¸ϸ֮ҾǵĲġ
ȺǷԸǣѾǺԵˡ
ɽѾãΪѰɵ۵ټ
ҵˣԼǶôĹ
£¸ȫȺ˻᲻ǵġ
Ȼ׻ᷢչʲôĵزҲܹġ
Ͼɵ۵﾿ʲôҲֻԼܹ塣
ԶǷܹĸǣҲҪ顣
ֻǽѾǷǳԵˡ
Ȼڽһ֮ɵϵļٳûˣ
ǰҲѾͺ֣صĶԴԶһȺˣҲǴδ
ҲΪһ㣬ԳԶǲԸڵ֪ɵѾ˵ϢҲɽĴѰҡ
ôǾⶼĹĲӦ顣
ҲɵĺܺãһγĶԱȡ
ȻǶѾˣЩҪǽ
ͱȷ˵ǵΪʲôᱻһϳɵ۵ĵ̣ΪɵѾһϼĶ֡
Щǲ˽ĻôͺѼǹͬнȥ
Լѡɵ۲ԸЩ飬Ǽ򵥵ĶųԶһ¡
ҲܹóԶǶһŵ˽⣬һֱڹˡ
ʵϣǵڶҵʱǰһҹҾѾˡ˵Ҳ㲻Ķˡ
ܹƽ˵ʵʵף˵˳ѽܵģȴǳԶζ벻ġ
֮ǰҲһֱһǵ죬˵ǰٷ֮ٵΡ
ϾͬΪɵ۵ɱ飬Ǻܹġ
Ͼǹô֮˶ܹóɵΪӵľһˡ
˵˵һѡ
ÿ˶Ӱ룬˵̬ȷʵһЩ˶¶ӣԴҲû̫ĸд
챻ϳ֮󣬳ԶҲһ飬ƺȷʵһЩԾ
ɵ˵ĻҲ̬ȲŶԡ
Ǻ˵˵ҲǱ˳ҲûмЩйľᡣ
û뵽ɵ׾ˣڵ֪һϢ֮ǲ𾪡
벻Ȼķ顭
Զ˰֮󣬽³һ仰
ʵ˵֪֪治֪ģ£Ҳ֪ʲô˵ʲô˵
飬ܹϸ˼һ֮󣬾ȷɵ۴ʱ˿̵ľ
˵ȥĻܻһЩӰ죬ʱȻЩ޻˵
ȻҲˣ˵ƽҲһĬӵˣʱȴЩ
ΪǰȫûֿܣѪܵʵǰȻЩԽܵġ
ɵ֪ʲôжôԽܣԼжôܵ𾪡
ҲŻ鷢һжǰΪʵԼ⸱ӣôܲһأ
ȻȻҲִ
ǼȻѾǵĻǾȫûжıҪɵ۾;͸¶˳
ʵϣˣһҪʲôǻٵĶЩҵϼɵۺһͬңҲڲͣ׷ɱҡһ꣬ߵڵزǱ緢һЩʼ׷š
һ˵ǰ㲻ҲĿǰΪֹʵ
ŵ˳ԶǵĶͱøԽ
ȫ벻һġ
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597 

ԶǶˣ֪ѽܵĲǣһɵ۱ˡ
۹۱ǣǹģһĶûне뷨˵ҲҪǲһɵľ
֪ʱ϶΢ѹһЩȻҲûж˵
ڳĬƬ֮ǶǰǰѾһŵ˽⡣
ȻѾǷ˵飬ôûֹҲضҪǰѡ
ǵİδ·ߵøƽ̹һЩҲĵõ
Է¸ǻǲɵõ˿ġ
ɵۣȻ˵ĻϣҪʲôķʽܹҶӵеһأ
Զ˼֮󣬻ǽ⣬ӳԼѾõĻ
ɵҲֻ֪ǼҪԼຣˣǵĿҲˣȺ˵İ¸ҲܹһЩ
ɵҲ÷¸ΪԶ˽ͣеΪ
ѾеĲˣҲȺСǣȫ߲زġ
ߵĻֿ˿ָָߵˣԶǵĿŲȥŷ
ĶɵĹ¿ȻǱС
ΪĻɵ۾ʲô³ǲΪ֮ģȻһһͷʾ⡣
¸ûƴǣҲǵͷʾһ¡
ҾֽעеɵϣԶȻҲҪһɵۼȥġ
ɵҲûӣʱȻҪϧʱ䣬Խٶǽͺһ֮󣬲ܹ˳ķչ
ͼ
һ·ǵȷǾ࣬һжѾеĲˡʼʱӳҲֻһƲлˣǵİҲűһܹ꣬վ
ɵ۵иһ˿мԶҲˡ
¸ǼȻҲǲȻҲǲûоɬͬҲǿʣûнĳɷ֡
ʵҲȷʵǰɵҲǲ֮Ե
ɵ۲¸õԵĻҲͲᷢһϵе顣
ȻѾ˵£ǰɵҲȻġ
Ϊֻаǲܹ
Ҫʼջᱻϼţ˵ȲѣΪֹһеǱȻ
ѾеĲˣΨһʣһҪһ⼫ɽʵҲΪõҪҩ֮һ֮һɲݾҲŵġ
ɵۼ˵˺һ֮󣬳ԶǶ׷׵ͷϿɡ
ǵȷ˵ɲݵģɽõˣ˶ĺܵĶ
û뵽ҪҩģȻҲض˵
ǾȻһлδԵ֣ǡ·ĻҪɵ۴ѾˣǻǺܸлġ
ˣȻ˵Ļ²˳٣ͳɣ
Ϊջָɵ۵ԳԶͼ͵˵뷨
ɵҲ֪ΪԼãЩҪúõĹ滮һµģ˵Լ뷨
ȷΪɲݣȻٺò顣ŵĹ滮ǻҪǽһµġ
Զ˵ͷҲ޿ɺǵġ
õɲ֮ҪȥһϾɵ˵ζҪҩģҲζǽҪȥңԶĵطѰҡ
һ·ϻĥѣʵںǶٻҪи׼
ϸĻȷҲ֮С
ɵ۲ûм˵ǽĿת˷¸衣
¸ԴҪԼ࣬ȻҪúõĽһ顣
ǲܹģ滮»ҪǸ
¸֪ɵԼΪԶǽһ£ȻҲûйԥǺԥض˵
ʵǵļƻҲܼ򵥣ȻѾ⼫ɽҪȻõɲݡֻ⸽пһǵһҪСġõɲ֮Ҫȥ֮ȡһλҩѪǣҪȥ֮С
˷¸ĻԶǷ׷׵ͷʾϿɡ
˵ҩĿʮõģΪɵǶԸ⸶һС
͸ƴȫȥõˣȻûκ顣
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598 ζӳ

ֻ⻰֮ʮҹЩζӳµġ
֮崫ңΪѪġ
˵¶ΪǰĴڡ
û뵽֮ɽ磬Ȼ顣
ȻȷʵǷǳģǱϾҪȥ顣
ͺñǽԼĶɱȷ˺ѽܵġ
ζӳµ£ֲòǰȶʵ
˵ȷʵЩԽܣȴҪѧӦ
ϾߵһΪԼһЩ뷨ͻȻֹ֮ͣ
ʵҲȷЩľϾ½½磬޵Ĵ
˵ζʲôǿ˵Ǹ߲ʡ
ȴҪɱǾԲ׵飬ôʮҹﲻأ
ûз֮ǰ½кܶɵġ
ҶһͬĿ꣬Ϊ˴ﵽƸߵ㣬ҷɽ硣
ȴȫû뵽ɽ֮˾ĴڣȻ˵ɱɱ
ԾЩ⣬Ҳܹܵġ
ֻû뵽⻰ӷ¸Ŀ˵ƺҲûôԽܣʮֵһ
֪¸Сɳ󶼲½ˣԶķ˵һŵ˽⡣
ǻûü룬˵Ǿһµ硣
Զ˵ȷֵصģʱҪõӵеҩģȻҲǲԥġ
ȻҪõ˵Ķôô𾴵ĴڣƺҲ޿ɺǵġ
οѾе˾أȥĻô·Ҳʮֲߵġ
˵ҲֻǸͨɱһɽ粻Ϊ档
Ǽ˵ķӦܹóɵۺͳԶܹ֮ԼͣƺҲΪ𾪡
ƽľȻҲӰ˷¸費٣¸ŵɽ磬ȷʵҪѧȥܵġ
ʮҹҲܿ쵭Ȼ޷ıʵǾͱҪѧŽܡ
οѾɽ磬˵ֱڿ飬ҲҪҲҪġ
״ҲܸԼܡ
ȻҪͬԵĻһжӦҪġ
ڽ;УǵһΣԲһΡ
ǵĲԶһ˾Եõࡣ
ȻʹǿҲǵһˡ
ҪĵģӦ⼫ɽЩˡ
ȻҪжĻǾһһɡҾһǾǵİҲӦǶԸ˵ġ
Զ֮ô˵Ϊжôţܹ˼뵽һǾԸɵԼɡ
ʵҲΪһ㣬ȫ󲻵Զɵۻϵġ
Ļ˳̶Ҳһߵ١
ϾǼ˵޴ɺѱĺɵ۲˵
˵ɵ۵ݣȴҲֻʣһƻǣʵܷӵ£ȻǶٵĻܵһЩӰ졣
ǾòöԸһҲһŵĵ
˳ԶһȺ˵İĻô˵ǽ·Ҫߵĸƽ̹һЩˡ
Ϊٵ۵ΪɲǿЦģһֹһ£Ȼණܹӭж⡣
Լһ׼֮ʲôĥҲû̫ȥȵĵزˡ
Ҫ˵ľôˣǻʲôҪѯʵĻɵۻʲôţھͿԼ˵ȥˡ
¸򵥵Ľļƻһ£֮͸ǼĿռ䡣
ԶȻȻҲͰѯʵͶɵۡ
ʱȻûʲôҪ˵ģֻҪȫԸõҩģȻɵ
ĿǰΪֹҪ飬ҲҪɵġ
ĵȻҲûκεֻɵϽȥˡ
ʵɵҲûʲôýˣ¸Ѿϡ
ԶֶˣҪС
ԼǽѯʵĿͶԼ֮ɵ۵˵ͷʾҿԳˡ
Ǿһ˺ƺƵ̤ó̡
˵ƺƴ󣬵˵ԵøӯĿľΪ˲Ҫݾߡ
ϾﻹŵˣЩ֮ǰȻҲҪ΢ԵЩСһЩֱܹӾͻ
ʱȻȻҲҪúõȥԵġ
˶ûж˵ȴһȫս״̬
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599 

ǰɲݵˣɲҪЩ󲿷ֶǷֲڴˡߣɽҲǺδеģǻҪСĽһЩпǾڴˡ
һ֮󣬳ԶΪҽ
ɵͬص˵ͷǰ˽ȻҲǰ㲻
µλȻǲ̫壬ǼȻԶѾΪ˳Ӧþˡ
ҲζȺŵ˺пܾ⸽˵ǺпϢû͸¶ǿȴԵЩ֡
ȻǾ⸽ˣ¸Ҳ˲õԤУƺ;Ｔᷢһսһ
ǰûһսڵǣǶҪӲͷƤˡ
һ˳ԶǵİȻöԸһЩ
ھֱӳ󣬵̲ãܻбȽϺõĽֲŶԡ
ǾһȺ˵ƺҲ̫ȥ顣
ﱾͲݴïܣԾҲѷ֣ȻҪϸĹ۲졣
οѾߵһǰȴǵôļ裬Ҳа뷨ˡ
ڼʹһЩ紵ݶҲӽȥע
ϾпܾһҲҪȥע⡣
ҪȻʱ͵ϮǾһ˵ˡ
ԸԸ˵Ļ͵Ϯ˵ֱ״
нʱҲûиоڰ
ϾҲСǰнţԵûǵ£Ҳڰһ
ֻҪԷûѰǵټûб¶ڶԷҰ£ҲͲʼսԼ
һɵ˷ǳԵĸоһһԵˡ
˵ѾڴˣһδزµóǽֻʣλҩûõԺпǷ˺üڸûŶԡ
֮Σյؽ磬ǾԼδܹôظϵ⣬صǵԼŵԱ
һڵںηһﲻģɵܸоҲ΢̹һЩ
Ϊһжôη壬ΪڵľҲҪٿһһˡ
ֻҪٿһۣһνֻһȥ֮ܵħӰ죬Щ߻ħ
˵ֻҪһſޱͻŭӿ
ʱȻܵٵӰ죬ȫҪٿһ
˵ûʲô̫ĸоһĻǵҲһ¡
ϾڣôȺ˵ʵͻ롣
ϾҲ˭ܹٵ۵λõģһܹﵽλãҲ֤ʵ
˵˳ԶһȺ˵ûһİģԸͻӵһЩҲŵġ
ţСȴ¶ʱ򣬷¸Ǽ˵Ϊϵ͡
˶ԷУֱ͸׽ûʲô
ôСȥԼټջǱ¶ǵҰ
ǶûзӦôһµʱͻȻڰʹܳһȺˡ
Ҳʱʱ̿뱸ս״̬ģԿȺͻȻ֮ܳҲû̫ڻţɫʱȻҲǲԶˡ
Ⱥ˿ôΪװӣҲ;Ⱥ˵ǲˡ
Ͼ֮ǰһѾǽˣȺ˵Ϊᵽ˺εȵزȻҲǼƻ˵顣
Ȼ⼸˶ֻɵΪĻǾǶԲҲǼΪ׵飬ȫûʲôֵԥġ
ɵۣҲòΪ档
˵ɵɵ۵ΪϾΪûֻһꡣ
Ϊ˵͸ӵĺöԸˡ
ɵۣͬΪ壬ȫûк¡
õɵһѾԶϣ˳ԶȻʵһ
˵ˣȺڴ˴Ҳδôٵ۵Ķ֡
ǵҲһŽֻǵٵ۶ѣ̸εԸ˳Զһٵأ
ֻʼӰʱǾʼսĿ⼯ССϣȫδע⵽ϻٵΪˡ
Ŀ̰һЩƺһ֮ǰŵһЩô
Ҳܹ͵Ϊʲôǻ˷ܵĶԴԭˡ
µʱˣǻȥ֮ͣ˷ܵıʱҲõ˽͡
-

600 һ

ֵǣԸˣξԲҪˣҲҪ׽ֱӽǾ͵ͺã
һ˺ȻͨǵݣҲ˴ָ
Ҳͬһ̰ӣȻĻҲǴ˼Ѳˡ
׼ģҲȫʮ־µġ
ټ˳Զ˵ԮʱҲƵǾʧ룬Щ˳ᢡ
ֻͷ˿⸱һģ׷Щɻ
ôǵͻȻֶһ޶Եӣòʲô׼ɣ
˸еɻ󣬲Ҳֱ˳
ΪڳеĽֻǷ¸һ˶ѣɵ۵ӰҲδƼ
ɵǷ֣ƺҲż
ΪǶ˽ɵδֻҪɣȻר־ĶԸŵɵ۾ͺˡ
ҲѰɵ۵٣Ըɶ˵Ǵ´ġ
ϾѾͻȻֵȻҲʮʮİա
ֻ⸱ӣȴЩɻˡ
ΪԶǶڲԶİĿǰΪֹûΪȺ֮ϣǸܲٵ۵ϢҲӦġ
ȻȻҲͻ֣ΪڿǱΧĳ֮ȴþȡ
û˿Ŀ־壬һķǡ
⾿ôһ£ȺڴЩͷˡ
ܿͷǸ˾ֵ÷¸輸˱ȻǾԼ޷ѡ
ʱ޷֮ȻȻҲͲżԸһЩˡ
ǺܿǰοԼҲǰοһ˵𼱣թֻɶѡէʲôͣҲֻͶ·ˣԾûʲôϣˡץְɣȥܹͣ
ͷ˶ô˵ˣȻҲͲԥˡ
ʯͷأһȺ˾ͽ¸Χ
¸ҲʼվԭȺǲŵˡ
׽ļǲ£ΪȺȫǳǵĻǵıᱩ¶ڳԶ˵ǰһжǵ֮С
ȺǰŲһξ֮󣬷ַ¸輸ȷʵ޶ȷԼĵĲ²뷨
Ǿ͸ӵķȫûʼСľ衣
˵Ǹӵ󵨣ֱͺѾ˻ȥ֮͵Ӧλӻһ
ܿ¸˵ľѾ㲻Զˣ˵ֻҪ䣬ܹ˽ľ롣
ǲԭԴʱ˿̵ЩΪȻ治żɱǼˡ
һкҲܹ˵ע⣬ޱվҲ
Ϊ׽һȺˣϸŵЦݣܿҪ̧ǵʱȺ˱ȴ˱˵
ڣϣ
е˼Զϲ϶ӳ٣Ǽ仰ȴҲûüӦôһ¡
һ;ñһǰһ˷׷׵˵ϡ
һЩڷӦôһ£ȥ¸ˣʧػعͷȥȥ
ȻǱΧˡ
˷ǳԶ˵ټڳԶȺʵ˽ġ
ΪҲɵ۵һֲ£ֻﻻ֮ȻҲһķԸ
ϸĻԶǰǵ졣
ϾԶǳһƹȺɵˣȴĿɳˡ
֮ͷȻһЩȣǾȫϲ£ˡ
̡Զ
¡ԶҲԥĻش𣬲ֻƿһ֮
Ҳûκεԥɴֱӽս
ԶɴĶҲͬӰһˡ
˵֪ǵԱռƵģǱϾԶһȺȫٵ۵Ϊ
ڻȻȻǾЩ·硣
ȻȴҲֻӲͷƤĴȥˡ
ΪǲػĻԶƺҲǾĻᡣ
¸Ǵ֮ȻȻҲ˰ȫС
ڼûʲôգΪȺȫר־ĶԸԶһȥˣҲȫûں
ȥҲɲκóȻȻҲ˵һߡ
Ǳսҷ׷ľжЩп
гһҲܵľ磬һҲǲԶġ
-

601 

ԶȺ˵Ϊֻ߲ͣټǶͽ⣬ǾȺ˵Ʒаܻȫ޷ĵز
ͱȷ˵ͻȻһķйڣǽеЩɻ󲻽⣬Լȫ޷˵̬ȸչֳ
Ƿɵ۵ģΪʲôǾͻĸԸЩͽΪѵΪ߳ܵ𣿡
Զһ߸ȺͽΪߵĴţһʡ
Ȼ⻰֮󣬸տʼʱֻǽ˫ѣû˵κһ仰
Ҳ֪ǲҪԶԻʱҲЩ޻˵
˼ǷҪڵʱ֮ڣ˵Ĵȴδͣ
˵ԶԼŶԷʵʱ䣬ȴȫԷöԷ˼
Ĵ˼Ļ˵ֵ˼⣬ҶԷעҲһļڱ顣
ҲǳԶһֱǳһ⣬Ϊ˵Ӿ壬Ϊʲôֱ顣
˵һ⵽λģΪһĹϵõģǶ˼Ӱ롣
ͣ˵ֿѣǵ󲻻Ǳɵۡ
ڽЩĹ˶ϳɵ۵޹ǣɵѻɢ
ǵ޷ܵĶҲǺʼ֧Ѱɵ
ɼжôĹܹ֧ߵһ
ҲΪˣԳԶһȺ˲ǶͽΪġ
֮ȺͽȴûѡʼճĬ˵Ҫ̣˵ҪԼҽڡ
ǹ֮ǵ׻˵ͽԭ
Ȳѣ˭ԸͽأɵҲǲģǡ
˵ʵƺԵЩΪѣ֪μݡ
ȻԶȴĽڼֱüˣ֪ЩͽҪ˵Щʲô
ȺԼڽ֮ǰԶͺԥļ
֪Ҫ˵ʲôǲ˵Ȳѵԭ򣬾ΪɵѾˣǾûбҪѭԭĹأҪƸ԰ɣ
˳ԶĽͣǸ˿ȥЩᣬ˵ôġ
ֺ֪˳ԶηԼΨһԭҲҪԭ
Ҳԥ˰֮ջ׿ڳˡ
ȥ˲ܸҲ⡣ɵĻҲûбҪЩ飬˵𣿡
ôܶԣ
ԶʱŭɶȺ˵˼ż⣬ΪԼѾԼĺ·ˡ
Ļ㣬ɵ۵ѾǰΪʲô㻹һָʹɵ۵ⲻ㱳𣿡
˻һ˹ĳĬԶ˵İû
Ҳ˵ֱڿ죬Ϊȷӡ
˵֮ǰǷЩֻǽڰˣô˸ҪǽڵĻҲ޻˵
ʵͰǰֻΪ޷ҲҪڶ
Ϊ˲ŻҲͰˡ
˳֤ûȫ䣬Ҳ˵Ļᡣ
ôΪʲôףõһУҪѣܹŪ޷ص硣
ԣȫһڣڸԼѰˡ
ԶȫûκξҲǵһ㣬һ޵ķŴȺǰʶԼЩʲô
Ļºһжûκεôˡ
ڼȻѾǵС˼Ҳ͸ûбҪټȥˡ
Ǹָһɷӣͷ·ҪԶǾһսһ
ԶҲ֪Ⱥ֮ı֣ΪѾ޻˵ˡ
Ȼ˵ĻҲûбҪٸȥ
ԶҲʵþȻѾǸöĶˣöҲԶᶮ
Ϊ޷װ˯˵ĵ
˽ҪףҲԶףܻѿڶĽڣһԶ˵ġ
ԼѾ֪̬ԣҲʱѡӦȥôĻʣµľԼԭˡ
ԶҲκιϵ
ҪľǺúõĳͷһЩͽ
Ȼ֪ģʼ;һһȥĻôҲҪյЩ֣վõĶ档
ϾЩҲȺܵġ
-

602 Ӧ

¸һԿ̾ΪȺ˵Ĵ򶷵ʮ־ʡ
˵ģĴǴ򶷵ļϿ֪ٸһЩ򶷵ĳǶôѤ
ɽԶƷ䣬ĴƽնһƮƮӡ
˵ǴŶֿܿȥʮ⡣
ΪҵĴŶƮݵӣ˿ȥͷ·ƮƮġ
ƽҲֻƶдУȻԵӯһЩǴܵʱ͸ˡ
¸輸Ҳ岻֣гĻһԹ۲Ǳߵ龰
ͲѿóȺΪϸߵ˾ʲô
ͱ˵Զ˴򶷵ʱǶ˵ΪȺԸһЩģԶҪ˸߳һ㡣
ѿóԶڴ򶷵Ĺƺȫһֻһ̧־ԴԴϵŶԷ͵˹ȥ
ȵʽ¸ǻδ˵ɽ˴ܶƮƮģ˵ȥЩġ
ΪǼԼΪһ壬Խߵȼ˳־ԽԵ⡣
ʵҲΪǲҪķ̫ܹʽʹȻȻҲ÷顣
еʱΪۿɼٶȴ򵽶ԷϣǱƺѾӳ˹
ΪȻһ˵״̬÷¸輸˸ӵĲЩ̾ˡ
ɵΪȺϵڴȺܵĹУʽûʹֵûд򵽶Է϶Լá
֮ǰ׷ĹҲûмΪϸһЩĴڣֻһֱǴܵ״̬ܹĸĽְˣԲһʱδܼʶõ
Ҳҿˣлʶ˵ĻڿҲ·һˡ
Ϊ֮ĲĲһĴ׼ս˵Ҳرټ顣
ȼ༫Ϊ£ܹͻԶ˵ġ
ͱ˵ǳɽէʱ֮ĽźͰһ
Ϊ˱˵ĵ̣ҪЩ鷳ΪãǲŴҴҸ
֮֮ЩԹûнδ֪ġ
ЩɽһЩĵķ򣬴ҼȥأȻҲ⡣
Ǵ򶴵ļƾܹóȻеߵġ
ȺҲηηţһɹ֮Ҳ˶֡
ҪƴȫĽһУȴܾ÷Ų
ЩǷ¸ĸ˿ϸۿһǵĴ򶴣;ʵϵȷӵġ
ԯƾŷ¸̬Ͷе
˽⵽˷¸뷨֮󣬺ԥĸ
Ⱥ˵зߣҪƴȫҲô׵顣
ԯĻ¸ƶǶĵ˵ͷ
Ҳ֪ǾǲƺȫҪ¼ȥ
֮ܶڷ¸迴ȺѾͶ·ˡ
ԭһߵҲʱת˳ԶǵİģȺͽȫ򲻹ǵġ
ȻǷ¸ĻΣҪôͱȫԼСƴߣҪôʹʱƴһ
ͬԼȺƺڵִʲô
ԯĻ¸͸ӵˡ
ȷзߵģ߾ںδδ֪
Ǿһε֮ǿ˵һǰδеӾʢ硣
ΪʹûȥμⳡսԹߵݿȫ֮󣬷׷׾ж뷨ҪͨŬﵽĸ߶ȡ
ž˵㽣Ҳ÷¸ǴĹսᵽ˺ΪѪ
֮Ⱥȴڿĳʵ˾Щ
ʼʱǸӣǱȴڼ֡
з˼ĸı䣬¸˵ҪЩѵġ
ΪǵΪҲû䣬ǲ֪Ӧܻ
Ӧ²ӲͷƤȥĻȥܷȻĻӦˣʵʵ̫һЩ
ʮҹһһҡͷ̾һۡ
¸ĻʵҲΪȻ
ԭʵǲʤģϾȺ˵ҲǱǶ˲١
˺սҲûʲôôϾǺϵۻһβġ
ʱҲѶԸ˳Զһ˳ԶһȺԵЩӦ֡
Ⱥ˶Ļ¶ͦڲǡ
ǵǸӾɵΪ˾ɵۣû뵽ˡ
Ĺ¶Ҫ˸ˡ
˸ôô˸
-

603 

ִãȺѾǿ֧ˡ
ǳƣѾһƬ
ȻҲ֪ΪμǵͶ·ʱȴڼš
ȥЩҧгݣȴܹףȲѡ
յԵ֣Զһ۷¸ķʵѯɵ۵
Ҫ֪ɵյͽʱʲô飬ҲӰȺ˵Ĵá
Ȼɵһδʼնûٶ˵һ仰Ҳ֪ʲôĸܡ
ǳԶʱѾϵķʽжȻѾǵĽǽеһ
ͽѾǰ϶ôͱҪһ˶ϡ
Ȼյ֣ԶԼҪһġ
ĹͷۿսϾҪԶһѡء
ٸһλᣬҪҪΪ֮ǰһ鱧Ǹڸģ
һγԶûʵĿʳЩġ
ȻĻԺȺƺ׷ûʲôӦһտڲԵӣϵɫûʲô仯ҲʲôĹʡ
ĳԶҲ֪Լʲô顣
֪յĽѾжټȥˡ
ֻ˱۾ջ̾˿
ҲΪʲôԼһһεĸȺ˻ᣬȴȫϡһļִԼ뷨
һҲ޷ȥ˵ģȥ֮޷ҲǲԸ
Զһ㣬ҲȺһʹ졣
ԼǻڹĻǻ¿ʼġ
⸱ӾһȫͲҪϴҲҪΪ˵ЩеǸ
ԳԶȻҲ̾˿֮󣬳ԵͬԸ
ôĴﶼҪˡ
Զ֮ô˵ҲΪûκУķʽҪսˡ
ϾղҲǸȺ˻ģǵ治ҪĻǻҪںɵ۵ĸһЩ
ɵʼδ˵˵ʱ˿̵Ҳôʡ
Щͻͽ˵Ҫ곹׸ڿɼЩ鵽Ҳɻɵޱ⡣
ȺƺʣȴҲ֪Ľˣ󵽵׻ûзĽȻǲԶ
һͽ³
һǿʳʱʵ龰ǲΪġ
ǶڳԶ˵еʱҲǵߵһ֡
ͽ˻ҲǲҪĻȫûбҪ顣
ԶЩ޿ɺǵġ
Ⱥ𣬲ҳ׵ʧ¼֮ռ֮ڵɵ΢ɲ̾˿
Ҳ֪̾һΪ˭̾ΪԼЩֵñΪȺ
ȴԼһһͬվԼȺˡ
ǳ׵׵ʧˣԼһȴȫʤȻ֪ΪɵȴܲȸԾ
ȻѾˣôԷ׷˵أĳ֮£ʲǼǰˡ
ȻȺѾˣǾͼǰɡ˵ɲݵλӦﲻԶĴҡ
һ֮󣬵˳Զ˵Ȼû飬׷׵ͷʾϿɡ
ĴѰȷͬԶ
ǲص˴˴Ϊɲݵ⸽
¸û֮ͷԶһ׵ĵط
͸¶İɫâͷ·ǴԼɢһ׵ɫ
ֻҪһ۷¸裬ܹ϶ҩľǺˡ
ԾϲľһϽͽű߼ϡ
Һ񿴵ԶɲˣǱߣҲһꡣ
˷¸ѰɲݵټҲ׷״˹
һ˾ɲǱ߶ȥӳĹǺüһɲݡ
Ƕٵİط¾Ҳûˡ
¸ڴҵİСĽЩɲݲȺã¯ڡ
¸뿪֮󣬾ʱЩ˵ɲƳɵҩոɵ۷á
ĻҲܹٶȻָ꣬ˡ
ʣµɲݻԺ󻹻óҵĿǰΪֹɲؾ֮ڲйġ
ܹԺȡõĻȻҲٺò顣
¸һţһ߽ɼ˵ɲպãͿʼһƻ
-

604 ǰ֮

һܹ֮е˳ҲԶǵİѲĹϵ
Է¸輸һж׼֮󣬴뿪ɽ֮ʱųԶ˵л
ʵȻǲлĻҲûʲô˵ģϾʼʱΪһЩԵɺϵԭŽǾʹ
Ļ¸ⱲӶ޷ʶɵ۱ˡ
µͶ·ĻлҲĶ
Զ˰Ǽʶһʾ׵սȻ֪Ⱥ˵ĺͬҲ޿ɺǡ
ʶǵʵ֮ҲǲŲһζܣܹ׾ٵ⵹ڶҩġ
ҲӼӿܹɵۻָĲԻֵȥмġ
лλǰˣǵĻҲôٶõɲݡ
˷¸ĵлԶ˲˼ЦЦҲͬ󷽷Ľ
лοǱҲΪɵ۷ҪķʽɵԲŻôЩȻģǲ÷ϣҪлзڵõҩ֮ɵġ
ʵԶҲԷ¸ȺСżغ͡
ΪǽֻǼɶѣҲܹͬóɽ粢ûжá
Щ鶼ʮѵõģ˵ģƵҩһ㣬ʹɽҲûмõһܹ˵¯ࡣ
ûз¸ڵĻʹȺ˶ϵ۵ΪȴҲûκΰ취ܹѰЩҩİɵ
߿˵Ǽа취ҲҪģܹ¸
ҲѾǾЩʱˣﻥ˷ʱĻЩǰ֮ȡ
Ƿ¸ֻǸǿһҲͲԥǸϽŴ
ҪҩĽֻʣһˣΪ˱֮ȾͻڸɴͣĸϹȥɡٶõѪ֮ҲܹǴҹͬԸ
˷¸飬ȻǵͷϿɡ
һȺ˸κԥҲκԥֱתͷŤͷٶ뿪˼ɽǰ֮һ·ϡ
˶ڼƻŽᷢ飬ΪѪ׺òöԸ󲿷Ҳǲ֪ġ
ǺöԸҲöԸȥ
ҪĽҪһЩġ
һҶϿɣҲ⡣
ڸиԵ뷨ʮҹȻҪϽġ
ΪһǱǼƻˣҪĴȻȴйҲδܹ⡣
òᣬԽ˵Խһ£ʮҹԽгȻԽġ
ҲڱӣԴҲɵ٣ǳ嵭˲ԭӦеĽ
֮ǰͶЩִ֪龿ʲôķչ
ھþҲûʲô壬·ҲҪ֣Զһ˾ͻֱӴ֮ȡ
ɵԴӸղ֮ƺһֱһЩ䡣
˵ôҲҪ飬ʱ˿ռ֮ڼȴҲûֲ˾Щġ
Զһ˵̬ٶõѪǣܹڶʱ֮ڿٰɵۻָ
ֻҪɵۻָ֮󣬽ԼԼЩȫ¶ɽ˵ǰǸʱǾٴηˡ
ʧȥһˣҲܹҵúõһһϼ굽ΪʲôҪô
¸Ҳ֮Ҫȥ顣
һ£ʵǡ
Ϊ˲֪ԯȴĺܵġ
ʱҪúĻǻǱǶɱ˵ֱӳҲһ˸е顣
һܹԤϵĺõģ˵֮Σգ˵ǾҪɲݲɼļɽҪࡣ
֮˵ƫƧҲûжܹ׼ȷĵ
ǻٶȵﲻ˵žͿʼĴ۲ΧĻ
ʵ֮뼫ɽҲڶԶľ룬ǵĽų˵ֻҪһӵʱܹϵ
Ǹϵٶȷɿ죬һڵõϢ֮󣬾Ҳʲôٶȸϵ
ǵʱٺһţĲôýˡ
ȻղȺˣΪ˷ֹǽͨ籨ŸһԳԶȺ𣬵Ǹõĵ黹Ҫ΢һЩġ
-

605 ͻ

²˳٣ǼнɣҪԥˡԽҵѪǾԽã˻Դǡ
¸˵⻰ֱ֮ӴͷǰȥȻٶȸϡ
ΪҵȻͬҲͬĲ֣ǾʮֵļС
ץʱ֮󣬶ԴҶкôԴҵȻҲԥˡ
ֻû뵽ǣнûжãһȺˡ
ȺˣҲͬĿģΪ⣬Ҳ벻Ŀˡ
Զȹ۲һȺ˵ΪߵΪҲֻٵҡ
ԸֻͲߣ˵δܳƽʵ˵ǲΪġ
ҶԷǵѻδ֪ҵĿĶΪ˵ǰаѡ
ΪҿһԸĻȻǿԽƽ֡
ȻԷǷĸԸǺЩҪڵġ
ԳԶǼ˸Ͳ¸һ£һۣĬĬѹסԼΪ
ǿԼһ˼ٵ۵ΪȻĻҪôǴѹҪôͻǸԼĶҪ뷨
ʱһЩ뷨ĻôǵһЩжͻܵ谭
ǷȺˣȺҲͬǡ
ȻԶģȴ⻥۲
ԶǷǳĬѾΪѹһЩȺȫܲˣȻҲѹ
¸ǲ֪Щ£ȴҲԳԶ˵һЩ뷨֪
֪ǵĻҲͷϿɡ
Ϊʱ֪Ƿһˡ
±ʵ޿ɺǵģҲӦġ
¸˵ֻǼɶѣҲغԼʵ
һԭǳԶǰ˷¸裬Ҳɵ۷ǵһ֡
Ⱥ˸ܵǵϢ֮ΪȺȫ˶ɵΪ
¸ǱܵԶǵٵΪҲѹסˣԲŻΪɡ
ɵ۵ϢǸܲڲ֪ɵ۴ڵ£ͶΪ¸һȺȫһˡ
˵ʵڵģڵ֪һ֮ԵúһЩȡ
ȵԭֻҪһܹ֪Ҫ֪ʮΣյģûһȫû
ȺֻɵΪˣһȺҲԼһ˲١
һѾʮ˸е̾ˡ
ڸеȵͬʱǳòĶԷ¸˴к
λѣȻ֮شҵĿĶͬһΣ
ͷЦĺ㣬ҲȫѺõɫʵΪԼҲǳںİˡ
ΪȺͬһĻܹһЩ
ҪȻƾһɵʵܷõҪĶö֪
һĻµҲһȫҪϵģȻȻҲֻҪȡһְˡ
һȺɵĻܹӵһЩҲܹЩ΢һ֣þ
ϾҲô򵥣Ȼ˶ĻǻһЩģ˲ʽŷ¸롣
¸Ҫ˵Լ뷨Ȼע⵽Եļ˵沿顣
һȺȻƺƴ󣬵ܹó¾һȺ˳ָһȺСˡ
Ϊѿͷƺһˣ󻹸һȺǼĶ
ɾҲһʱˣ֪Ⱥӵʲôõġ
ʲôΣյĻȺ˾ͳνĵǹơ
ʱʼվһԲ
飬¸ҲҪ£ֻеƺ
֮˰ĺܣԵòмһˣһ˻һġ
һҪﵽѪģ֪λǡ
ջʼԴѺõ뷨Ҫ˫Ƿͻ
¸ȻòҲȻظ˵Ļ
Ҫǣ沢ͻֻǡ
¸軹û˵꣬Եֺ̿ʼһһĹ
˵治ͻǻҪָһЩɣҪȻҪʲô壿ֻǼɰˣǴҲﲻʲôæпܸҡҪƽԭϣΪΣ
⻰ʼҪС
ϾȫҪǣҲûбҪϽ
Ȼλûٴ죬¸ͳڴĻ
-

606 һԲ

ֻ¸ޱ̧̧֣ͶŶԷ˵
ʵҲǳǸǺһˣǳԵһȺҪôĮؼ߸߹Ҫôһһӵˡ
ԭҲûдһҲذڳһǵӡ󵽵˭ϺȻһڰڳһԼܸߴӣʲôأ
¸֮ô˵Ϊǰ⼸˳ʼǸ⣬λûʲô̬ȡ
ЩȲ˵һֱ䳰ȷǣһǿǵˣҲһԹ۵ӡ
Ȼǳ̬ȣ²֧֣Ҳԡ
˵¸ڵɽ磬ֻɵΪпҲɲ
ֺ۶ԴǴӲе顣
ڷ¸£ȻҲܹԼԼ⼸λȥ
ֻͬ¸һȺ˼ʲôʡ͵ĵơ
ʼǸ̬Ȼǲһֱ䳰ȷǵ˷¸һֿ˿ޱӣǾЩ
ղֻǴƲ¸ˣżɰˣȻԣڳļƣȻܡ
ǾȻ˷ӣƺҪ¸Ƕ֡
Ǽɰˣ˵Ŀ֮ƲǼҲȻ飬ҲʲôΪ뱾үۣ
˵⻰Ǹղ䳰ȷ¸ǵеһλǿȥŭɶ
ȻûסĻͳŷ¸߳ˡ
¸輸˿⸱ӣûκһ˱ֳµģ˵Ǹޱ顣
ûޱ飬ҲһͬԹ۵̬ȣΪǲ˳ܶԸǡ
ܹ̬ȵΪȴûбǸе嶯˷
ɾЩƣԻҪǰѵһ
ȻͱһΨһһˣҲʼͳ䵱еǸ˸
֮ˣΪòԹɫ
۹۱ǣǹģ˲ܹȺ˵Ĳ򵥡
ʵʼʱ˺Ҳ뷨
ǸԼҹΪȺԼ
ȫԽǷŵһԣܲҲˡ
֪Ⱥǵʵһɲġ
ֳȫصΪܹһɫӣ;Բǵ֮Ӧʲôڡ
Ͼļ֮أֻһȺ˴ĻٶҲȥ޻ء
ϸ糾ˣȻƳжȻʲô
ܹĸܵõȺ˵޿ֺг
Ǵǵ̬ԼһȺ֮û˿ı仯ܹó̤һӾܹ֪
п϶һЩ뷨Ҳε߬һЩƵġ
ûʲôʤҲΪ
ҪȻһȺˣ϶ǰͲù
ͷķ¸˵ĻȷԼĵ뷨
ǵΪԼɲ⣬ֻס˲Ƿˡ
Լͬŭڳһӡ
Ǿ˵һǸԷ˳ͻܾǵ˲ܵˡ
Ҳãֻ¾¸˵һʲôϺȵģǶ˲˵ԷҲԲǺùӳԡ
Ϊ˱ͻһǸϽԼ嶯ͬ
侲һЩɣ֮ȣĻ˳嶯
һǸǰѵ¸ǵͬ飬԰ʾ
κͬȴɲĻлһɫѿӡ
Ҳɵõ̾˿
ҪύȺˣһͬǰ֮ܹб޻ġ
ϾһȺǴһЩĸ࣬ȴҲûʮʮİա
ʱΪһҪ飬ǲŲ
ԼͬѾ⸱̬ˣһб㶼ѾǸˮա
ԼڽҲֻĹϵҪô֣Աʱ֮裬΢Լһ·ˡ
ǵʲôʼδ£ҲܹԼһһ̨¡
ǼȻѾڳ⸱ӣٲȻҪ¸ͬУ˶Է
ǾԼٶ뷨Ҳֻ̻ȥˣʱҲ˵ڡ
ʹǸͬɫѿȴһӣû¸˳ͻ
-

607 ֵ

Ϊ嶯ȫûиܵԼòƵΪǴʲôĺһֺӡ
ﻹ޵žǲȺô
һϺȵǷԲǷãʡôһȺƿ
ϸ糾Ϊ֪ͣԼ̬ȣҲֻ΢ǷǷ¸ϵ˸Ǹ
ͬһûж˵ʲôֱӱȥûٿ¸ˡ
¸˻ΪԸղλƵĻҲûбҪټȥ
ҹ͵̬ȻǲԷ¸΢˵ͷʹ˹ͬת뿪ˡ
뿪ıӰ̾˿ҲعͷԼ⼸ͬӵЩһͬһȥ
ķֵ˵ȫûκεĽ棬Щ˳ͻ
˵ǷֵĻ˵ǲɢ
ͻҪͬǽһԼе뷨κûԶһһҵ¸һ˷ֱ֮ȡ
һξ֮ЩεضԼǸͬ˵ôôðʧпǵ˲õ˰
ôһ˵˻һϣЩŭ̬ȡ
ôܵ˲õˣȺ˷ֻһȺɰˣҲЩƿѲɻҪչǣ
⻰Щǵĸ඼һŭԵӡ
ǵΪȷǱȲЩ˵ģ֮һΪҪõһЩһҲΪˡ
⼸ӲͷƤģȺֺγǣ
ȻһЩʧȥȺһЩֶծԲŲѵı͵
󲿷Ҳڴ֮ǰǩ״һμǺδ֪Ҳܹ·
ȺҲӦǣܹɹĻὫõĶһСָʣµˡ
ûȥ˵ĻǺýô򵥣Ծгϵ
ĿģΪ˥񱡣Ҳ²ߣ˭Ըðա
⼸ӣȺҲͬӡ
еĳϳ飬ֶˡ
Ⱥ˵ĻָǸõõĶԵ
ˣȺƺֲòЭ
ٴƵ̾˿һμ˵ҲɳʦҲֲ˵Щʲô
ֻǾãԼӦøͬ齻Լĵ뷨
ĻȵҪʱ򣬵ȺˣһǸô죿
ˣҲȱ嶯ˣҸһ¡
˹͵ĻһҲûж࣬ƺҲԸһ
ԸԼ˵ԸοһЩ
Ͼ⼸ҲͬһĿĶҪҲǿԼðա
֮ͬһֱЯߵڣԼĻȻʹô嶯ҲԸһѾ㹻ù͸еοˡ
ǾȺ˲򵥵ģҪ뿴һȺɣаյͽǣ
ǹ֪ԼȺͬҲɵӣֻǸеʱ嶯һ°ˡ
û˵Լ⼸ͬҲӦöˡ
ʼ̬ȵǼλ˹͵Ļ֮ȵ˵ͷʾȷʵͬ˵Ҳȷʵֿܡ
Ƚϳ嶯˹ΪԼĽͣ΢˼һ
ʵܹղһȺͻտʼʱȷΪƲǵΪ
ǺҲ侲ˣΪ̬ȡ
˵ҲǿˣʱֱֻӵͷԼղĻǲԵġ
ҲһȽϸ߰ӣưοַ·ǻĶŹ˵Ҳûʲô˵ģȺ䳰ȷⲻҲ𣿶Ҳ˵ĿܣȺ˸֪֮ȾжôΣգԲŻֻҲֻǱǿˣûô
֪Լô룬Էһ̨µĻҲټȥ
Ƶ̾˿ȻΣҲֻǰȥĶ˵Ը˰ɡ
Ⱥ˾ͼ֮ȵңҲĬĬţϣͬԼĻһ
˵ûаϣͺղֻһСȫԵʲôûзһ
¸ǱҲͬˡ
-

608 ټ

Ǳߵ˻ڹͻҪͬǽһԼ뷨¸߾ԵðĶˡ
Ϊǲ뽻ûаǼϡ
ʵǻ˵Ļ飬ٵĶЩߡ
Ƕڷ¸˵ȥҲ͹ȥˣûбҪǽƽϡ
οиҪڵȴţʼհϣδԵҲ̫һЩ
ɵۺͳԶǾ͸ˣһЩˡ
˵ɵһϻǻԵЩ򶨵ģܹ߻ħ侲͸ˡ
ԶҲˡ
ڱרעѰҶ飬֮ѰãȻûзκټ
鶼δ
Ҳ֪ﶼ׽ȥ˶Ͳڹ
ҲҪҪĶŵѰһͷ
֮ǰʮҹִģҪ˵һȺУΪĿ¾ˡ
ȻߵһȴҲüΪֻҪܹõѪǣ˵ˡ
ҪǸϽһȫȻϧ
ô˵ôʱ䣬еķԽҲӦӦ˲Ŷԡ
ͻԼĵȥ˵ǻѡϽѵɵһȺ׷
ΪһȺ׷ĹϵһʱûͣʱҪߣƬɽαˡ
ұǴųʱŵıȴı֮С
ôҲǵĽ̵ġ
˵ɽ粻ãľҲδǻ£ǾǶҲһܹýȥ¡
ʮҹϣ״̬ĿǰΪֹҪ鵱ȻҪȥˡ
ʵôȴû˿ⷽԲڶδ
һ·֮󣬳Զȴƽ
ȷЩסˣҪ֪֮֮ǰǶ˽⡣
֮ȵȻΣյģûΪ򲻸
δ룬ϸȴһëδδġ
ΪûþҪһսˣӰӶδһս
¸Ҳ˳ĬԭǵﻹҪνȥ
û뵽֮󣬾ҪѰټ
֮ǰδйƻģҲʼδġ
Ը˵ĻҪܡ
ܵĻᶼûǣΪκ
ԶҪʶ̽һ̽ɣĸĴڡҪʼ֮ĿĵѰң֪ҪķѶҲûиͷ
ռкúɵۣʱųԶԼ
ԶͷӦû˼
ΪǰƵķˣĻ¹ҲһܹѰҵټ
¸ʱѡ˳ĬʵҲڵȴųԶʶ̽һںδ
ǵΪǲ岻ֵģοҪķȻȽϺá
ΪǳԶĻʱ򲻹ʶ̽ʱӵľ׼һЩ
ҾҲһķѵ١
Ȼֻ¸Ҳ˵Ǵδһ
ˣѰλòһ׼ȷҲˣʲôû̽⵽Ҳпܵġ
οȥļ󣬵ʱ޴ڽһЩӦʩҲǲȫ׼ġ
ƵļƻǲʵУǽ˳Զˡ
ȻڳԶľúõʶ̽һټʱȴʱͻȻķת
ûȳԶʶ̽ԶͻȻһ졣
ұר־ѰټһȻȻ˲˴ҵע
ȻȫעתǸʱ򣬽ŴĲһһҽ

ҽԵô˷Ҳ֪˱֮е
ΣҲ˽˵¡
Ҳݲȥ˼¸˼Ǳ÷ǳĬĻһۣͷ׷׵ķȥ
ܹͨղǼĲҽжϺôλãʱˢˢǸȥ
-

609 ȴʱٶȷ

ɽ˵·ȫ㲻ңԶ
˵ܹĵطǾǸղվλûжԶľ롣
񱼹ȥҲֻҪƹ·ͿԲˡ
ǰһĻʱ˲ŷҲ˶١
Ϊս֮ȵʱǾ֪˲ܹ࣬ϵҲֻʼǲ˳ͻһ˶ѡ
ǰһĻɵõ˵һǷ¸ͬΪĿ¼ĳЩľ
ϾǼˣ˲ҵľҲûʲô̫ڽŵǶԵ΢һЩ
ԭʼǰɾһһˣȺѾˡ
˵úʬҰܹݴʱ˿̵ĳ
ڵҲ֪ǻǿƺҲûʣ¶ܹͦεվˡ
ͷ߸Уʼ䳰ȷҺҪֵˣѾͬЩһ˵ϡ
ѾϢϵľ޴ץԼۿɼѪܹóղžҵΡ
Ψһվŵļ˾ʱԹۣûзκο˺͹ˡ
ʹʱ˿̵ȥҪ΢һЩҵĳҲòȥ
Ȼ亹վһҧӲͦһһѽ֧Լûǰ¡
ҲǰɰվӶҧӲͦɶԿš
ʼʱͲ״̬ߣʱҲͦס˵ӡ
һ˵ҪΪһЩԱߵһ˻ʼڲ
ܵ˷¸߼۶˵ȼϣĹâ
ȻѭŶŷ¸߿˹֮Ƿ¸裬һԭϣĹâ˲ð
ҲˣΪжΪ
˵ʼ䳰ȷѾ׵뿪䣬ûطɽĿܡ
Ȼɢ£µЩԹ޿ɱġ
Ͼǵʱʲô̬ȣҲ䳰ȷ¸һġ
ҲΪûҪ¸һͬн
ǿˣǱΪоȱǰԮ
ǾȻѾ˳ͻˣôͲǳԮǱϣĹâʱ򳹵װһЩ
ʱֻʣ¿Ц̬ȵҲǺڲѡ
ʼǶܹһԷ¸輸˵飬ǵͶ·ʱҲ˲ҵĳ
ڿΨһϣҲûˣз¸ǾԲǵģҲֻʣ·һˡ
Ϊ˶óھжôǱ
˵ǵΪɽҲ㲻ǵͣԸˣ֪Ľ׻ʲôġ
ȻǾ֪ԼҲɥڴˣȴҲֻƴһҲûŷ¸ˡ
¾ʶ͸Ǵͷòسŷ¸ǵ˵ͷ
ְ˰֣˼÷¸ǲҪ
ΪԶô򵥣ܹĽΪԿĽ֡
ҲŭˣҪҲʶŷ¸
Ϳ˱ӦǾȱǷ¸˵ʱ˵ʼ̬û̫ڶӻôȴ˰ء
ҲֻܱʮֳΪ֪Լô飬ȴҲһǴ
ҪõȨĻ˵Ӧʱ⵹صǰ׵ĽԼĻ
򲻿ðգѰľȱٽ֮ȡ
Ȼɽ磬Ҳûʱ⵹
ڳ÷¸뿪⣬Ҳ
ǹͿЦŶԶķ¸˵ǿ߰ɣѾǼŭˡյ߻üȻһһǶҪڴˡ
⻰˵ǰ㲻أѾ뵽ԼӺĽ
Ҳɺĵѷ¸˿뿪·¸һȺ˲ǲܹҲԼС
ԲڲʵʱȰǸϽ뿪ʡõʱҪǡ
ȻҲˣԼӦôˡ
¸輸뿪֮ļλȻҲԴС
ҪôƴһҪôͬ뿪Ȼȴʱٶȷء
ǽʣµΨһİ취ˡ
-

610 

⡢ʲô͵һͬδĳǵһͰ͵ĿԵѯ
Ҳ𾪵˵죬ҲδܻشͬĻǼ𾪵źӰ˹ȥ
⣬¸Եļ˳ʮҹԯʶ⣬ȻǱоȡ
Ϊ¸δǽĴڣҲ֪¸ʲôĵơ
ʼʱ򣬳ԶɵۻʱҲƴȫһ
ϾֻҪܹõҪĶôһо˳ˣȻҲϧ
û룬ξȻͲǳ֣ܹõĽ
ֱ˵ĿʼˣҺȻҲǿ˽֡
ûģǺ͹һ𾪵״̬С
ް
ɵ۴ʱ˿ȻһӰȴҲӷ¸ռ˳ƺһĿǰľ
ʱ˿̺ΪȻеĴڣȻǳΪ˳ϵĽ㣬ɵ۶ʱ̾
Ϊ͸ɽ֮һ˶֪޿˵ǿϽĴڣɽ绹ҪټĴڡ
ɵϣֻһžܿ˶δģôܸеȣ
ԶΪɵ۵ȻҲǼġ
ǼǸȾ̷ãȴҲδܼĳ
οɵ۶еȵ飬ôܲΪ֮ȣ
ʱ𾪵˵ԭƴǣ˵ֻĿڵΪˡ
¸ٻ˺֮Ҳһƽ
ͬƽģҲʼվԵԯˡ
ʮҹȻǵһ֪Ĵڣʱ򿴵˸ߴĺҲһһЩ𾪵ġ
ûдĿ⣬ǵҲûйᣬֱ˷¸İţž˹ȥ
ԭľͬһĴйԼ
ںһ̣ӺȻ̽һµġ
ǳͬѾ͵˺Ѿǰȥˣ̫ߣûֱͣ
Ȼķٴ̤һʱ򣬾ӸԵһһθ𽥵һˡ
ĳ˲Щ档
˵ûд𾪵лǶɵõͷķ˹ȥ
һֻѾֲöԸ˺һĴڣ˸Ǿ÷·ڿһϷһĿϾӡ
ʵҲǾᣬⱲӶûлٴμĳˣԲĿתʼնŴʱ˿սĳ
ǸеԾǣƺһжûҡ
Ϊֻںٴֻ̤һʱֻȻȫȫĳ
Ӷ˵ϣͷ·ʶľٶһ㡣
ĳ˻Щġ
Ϊ˵ȻǱȲ޺˶ܹóͷԷͬСɡ
ƾƻ֪ԲöԸġ
ھȻóֱ֣ӳں£˵ǾóԾޱȡ
ʵϣֻΪڳȫһ࣬ȻҲûиܵͷųѹ
һκͷųѹҲֻްˡ
ڳֻͷҴŵܵѹ¾ֱ
ʱ˿ڵص̬ȥΪϣʵҲΪܵѹԲѵΪ
۾ĻܹóƺӶЩΡΡ
ɼѹͷŵ֮󣬾ôǿ
տʼĳ˻һЩȣ˶ûӦôһ£˵ֱӾɵۡ
ûзӦ£ĳҲޱȵġ
û뵽ԭ¸ĵƣóԼԼ֮Ǹ޲˵ܹ׾ٵĽڴ˵Ĵڡ
˵ǲѪĽǿĶ֣Ϊ˺Ĵڶе𾪵ͬʱҲ÷¸ʵС
ֻƺΪԼеֻܵ͵͵ķ˱ȴ˵κηĻҲκηľٶ
ԹƽȴҲܹʲôľٶˡ
Ͼ޺ѹ֮£һж·ͽ͡
𲻵ãҪЩʲôҲֻνĵֿˡ
ǿеͻֽҲֻܻܵصķɣ˵ɥ
򵥵˵˵ģûʸ񷴿
-

611 

⡢ʲô͵һͬδĳǵһͰ͵ĿԵѯ
Ҳ𾪵˵죬ҲδܻشͬĻǼ𾪵źӰ˹ȥ
⣬¸Եļ˳ʮҹԯʶ⣬ȻǱоȡ
Ϊ¸δǽĴڣҲ֪¸ʲôĵơ
ʼʱ򣬳ԶɵۻʱҲƴȫһ
ϾֻҪܹõҪĶôһо˳ˣȻҲϧ
û룬ξȻͲǳ֣ܹõĽ
ֱ˵ĿʼˣҺȻҲǿ˽֡
ûģǺ͹һ𾪵״̬С
ް
ɵ۴ʱ˿ȻһӰȴҲӷ¸ռ˳ƺһĿǰľ
ʱ˿̺ΪȻеĴڣȻǳΪ˳ϵĽ㣬ɵ۶ʱ̾
Ϊ͸ɽ֮һ˶֪޿˵ǿϽĴڣɽ绹ҪټĴڡ
ɵϣֻһžܿ˶δģôܸеȣ
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ںһ̣ӺȻ̽һµġ
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612 ׳

ھ׳֮󣬺Ҳԥֱ¸Ҫɵ顣
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613 

һ鶼Ѿ䶨ϾҪ뿪֮ȵʱ򣬳Զһ˶ûзӦôһ¡
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ЩӣǵҲɷ˵չǰ
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614 

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615 ̥

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616 

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617 ֮ǰ

СлЩʱչˡҪųԶٶȸϵһˡȻǰҵˣԸͬһһ𿴿ɽмһϷ𣿡
ɵ۷·ķһУֻعͷŷ¸Լ
Ҫ÷¸ȺһֱչˣԼ뱼֮ҲԼõһеĳ
Ҳ޿ɺǵģϾڶһ֮ǲܾͶϵ
˵ʮҹǺҪ뿪ҽнĻڵġ
Ƿ¸ô飬ɵڶԼһ֮Ȼܿǡ
ȻҪȥҲŷ¸һȥʶĳ
¸죬Ϊ˼飬ȴҪһͬǰȥ
ĿǰΪֹȻԼĶ˶Ϊɵ˸ָ鷳
ǵЩҲȻֹˣյĽ¸輸ȥ룬ܹõ
ϼɵۺһزȻǲΥŭߵ˼
߼ȻܹɽǾ;ûʧߵĴ㣬ȻȻĻаٷ֮ٵİȥԸˡ
Է¸ȫ֣˵Ҫ̵ĻԼɵһУҲһο̹ĵľˡ
һʱ֮ڣ˵ջҲǲСģҲûбҪٶɵľ
һη¸ԭҪ˵ܾĻȻûĻ˵ڣʮҹԯʹӲԶ
ϼɵۺһȻҲ죬ɳѾƫƫʱ򣡡
ʮҹһòᣬ˫ü˵˵һ仰ѾһС
֮ǰµѾܵƽ⣬ǲ֪ͨһ·¸ɵ۵ˡ
ԯû˵ֻվ۲һܹ˽⵽һû
ܹٶȿóɵѾ׵ˡ
Կ˵Ĳ磬ҲǸոպõġ
ȻɵѾõԼӦӵеһУôΪͲӦñܵơ
ĶԸĻҲδǶԸǰ˵ġ
Ȼ¸軹û˵ЩʲôɵǾѾŭˡ
ԶڣȫȻû뵽ԷȻʱ׷Ĵ㡣
ֻɵۺһǧ㣬ȴȫû㵽ɵۻָٶܹ죬ҪȻҲȡ׷ˡ
˵ҲԸɵۣΪɵļƻѾ׵Բ
Ѿ˵ɵۣҲǱܹ׶Ը˵ġ
һǿ˵ˣҪԸɵۣҲԲǵĴ㡣
ΪܹҵɵۣΣһɱһɡ
ֻûע⵽£ɵ۵ѾȾѪЦݡ
ŵĲ߻ħ˼ֻҪΪԼһиˡ
ԷֱôܾŹǡ
ɵű߽ͳŴҽ͡
ãɳҵһŭûеطйﲻõķй𣿡
ɵ˵⻰ҼѾܹǺͼˡ
ҪԼһǻŭȽһ¡
˵ҪĻҪ׶Ըϼɵۺһô˹ԼϾ·ɵ۸ûɷŹǡ
Ǿ;صѵ֮ǰȽһҲǷһŭ
Ϊ˴չȭţ֮ԼĹ˺εȳ̶ȡ
Ŷ־ɵۣڳ˷·𶼸ܵΧŵŭ𣬾ԶҲ⡣
ֻԶȴΪĳе£Ǹе˷ޱȡ
Ϊ׷ɵۺܾˣΪһȺʵĴڡ
ʼɵ۵ģǾѪڵʱǲġ
Ƿ׷׾ɵӣŷ·ص˶֮ǰǸ־ֳֶ˵ˡ
˵ɵûѣ˵ôĶΪ̫㡣
Ը涼޿ޣջĴײҪôˡ
ڳԶ˵׷ɵ۵ǶӣǾĵʱ
Ϊ緢ѡɵǣԲһȺĹ
Զʼնǰһϵģ񿴵ɵָֻ״̬һľȻǱο
ͷ·ǵõڵһУõĶһ
-

618 ˭ɱ˭

ڳԶʱ򣬱߽ĽѾ׵ƿˡ
ֻһȺ룬Ϣûպãȥŭڵġ
ֻڿǰĳ֮ȫԭء
ʵϲΪ˵ߣΪڸ£ܵɵϵǹϢ
ɵϵǹŭٳٶ۵˶ܹܵõοȺոҴ㽫һµķɡ
⡢ʲôͷŵѾеˡ
ɵ۵˵ȥ꣬Ƿģɵ۱˵Ļܹϵóġ
Ǵƽ֮ڵһʱ֮ھ͸ܵɵ۵ϢռԼȺ˵ǰôܸеȣ
˵һжӦ׼˵ĶȴǾЩԽܣ˵Ǿ֡
ϾֻһȺνı߰ˡ
ôˣʲôþȵģѵǿң̫˷𣿡
ɵһƤЦⲻЦ˹ȥһƺȫû뷨ѯš
Ⱥ˿˲ƵɵۣȻʶˡ
̿ˮƺǾĳʵǸо̫ѹ
˶֪ôˣһǿ˵һķԸȻֱײǹϣȴûлͷ·
ƾ˭޷ǽӦôˡ
ɡɵۣ㡭ǣ
ͷϵıǧ򻯣Ȼġ
ƺͨһУֺһɵۣһһ
ɵô˵ıѣ־һУôܻҪ׾ٵķŹǣ
ѲɾΪƱӵԼǰҪúõĽһǣ󲻱ԼЩԹ
⵱Ȼǲܵġ
ȻȺܹѾ˼׷ǳ׵׵ıԼĻɵ۾ûбҪȺ·
ϾȺ˵ĲҳϲŽԼľأΪԶγĶԱȣɵȻҲ
Ⱥ²ֶԼɵгŭ⻹иָ
ʧҲŴ벿֣ʱ͸ܷŹˡ
αʱٰڳһĵӣѲǾģһлܹһ̫Цˣ𣿡
ɵ۵ЦЦһ֮󣬾ȻΪ˿Ц
ɼЩҲδԭ²˵ģȴҪǿԼѡ
ϾЩʵķߵģƾġ
˵һεĿݺԭ֮󣬾ͻӭεıѡ
Ⱥ˵ĲᶨǡԶγ˶ԱȣΪγԶȺȴ
յõĽҲһҲɵԼˡ
һԭִˣȻȺԼûѡԭôɵ۾ԼҲҪԭ
οЩӦеģҲӦõõġ
ԼЩԹôûһй㣬ǾԲܵ顣
ҵܹԼййڣȻҪԼЩŭȷйȥһЩ
ЩˣԼ˶ӦõõһУɵһģȻҲŹǡ
֪ɵ˵ˣһжѾ˵ġ
ͷ·һĿһ۳ϵһУȴķ˳Զǡ
ԶǰһΪҳϵĴڣҪҲվʵȺҲǼΪڵġ
ǶгԶ˵ǵͷˣֻ뿪ʱɵ۵Ⱥȴδϡ
ԲûͬԶһͬ룬ͬͬһģһһͬڲŻһ̡
˵˰ţ˵һжǾȡ
¼վ˽ľ룬ȴ·Զ硣
ΪѡͬԵһҲǲͬģҪıҲΪ
ɵŭѾĳ̶ȣԾҪģͣҲ赲ɵ۵ġ
֪θ𣿡
ɵԼĵ뷨֮󣬾ͺԥ̧ͷǰȺԼ˵һ仰
Ⱥ˵עҲ仰ק˻ЩĿɵۣƺҪ˵Щʲôһ
ɵۼ⸱ӣַ·ǵȻЦЦͿΪǽ͡
ʵ֪ʱǡõĻҲǡǶһһжǲܹĨȥĴڡ˾ֹҸˣ˭ҾҪɱ˭Ҳһ
-

619 θ

˵ǲɵ۶˵ԭ۾ѾԽԽˣ񼸺ܹɵ۵Ļл
ɵѾ¶ҪԸˣȻҲûپȥĴ㡣
ɵҪƽԵһУǾ˵˭Ҫǰ浲Ҫ˭׽
޿ɺǵģҲǴҶܹġ
Ⱥںޱȴ֪ôҲ⡣
Ƕɵ뷨λ˼Ļվĳ
ɵ۵ĻҲĴ㡣
ϵĵʧˣ˸һһ⣬Щѹɵ۵ˣҲ֪Ƿһ뷨
ûжྭʲô͸ܵһƬȻ
֪ɵۻָһǰʵ
ھǻɢȴҲûʲôֵԥġ
Եһǵ·Ǹܵ˽ѡ
˵ЩһΪᣬͺǸԼһһ
ɵǰͬµһо͵һΣɣνˡȺܹվȷΪ׷ҲȷҪϾ·һ˵Ҳûã𣿡
Ļɵ۾ȻҲûЦ˳
֪Լʲô飬һҲ˵ġ
Ǽʹô˵ҲܹΪɣΪûбҪΪһ仰͸ıԼ뷨ΪֹҲˡ
һǸû˵ڵĻĻûʲôġ
ο˵ڵҲǵǸΪȻһ͡
ɵ۾Ϊֹ˵Լһ仰ȴܹıԼ뷨
ΪıԼһУ͵ȵڵʱҲûκ塣
ɵһ룬һЦһߺԥ̧ơ
ֻһ򵥵Ķûнκεɵ۵ͷųƷ磬ͽȺɨ˺üʮԶ
ֻһоܹڳɵ۵ʵ
Ҫ֪Ļɵ۸ղʲôû
ֻһְˣǳΪ򵥵һҲƽͻйĶ
ȴĵͷų˼һУΪ˼ʮԶȺˣһ룬Ȼ³һѪ
Ⱥ˼ǺŵģȴҲȻɵ۵ʵ
ûʵĻôߵ
Զǿĳ˷ޱȣɵͬ
Ѿһв˵ʵǸһ¥ˡ
ȫõǷԸϼһʹһҲɵ۵ݣһҲֻһžܹɵۡ
ԤУһⱲӶٵɵˣҲԶûлᵽɵ۵ľ硣
ΪЩȻ˵ĻǾҪΪ˶ۣһһõӡ
ȻѾЩ飬ǾȫûбҪΪһж뷨
ҪĶԶԶֹô򵥣϶ҪȵһлҪٱĴۡ
ϼҲ⡣
Զ֮ô룬Ϊһһڻûеɵ֮ǰѾɵ۳׵ĸ˵ġ
ţϾ񿴵ɵ۵ʵ͸ȷһ㡣
գ֮䣬ɵۺĽһȺ˵ֵʱһЩٻ
Ǹɾȴٲ˵ģкԽǵȴԼʱԽݲԼһ·ҪһУ΢̵Ķ
ھһ֮ǰǱҪǰһнõģȻҪƻĶ
ҲǸ˵һ仰ԼͨһУҲ뵽õĽ
һѾǺʬҰˡ
ɽ֮ĵطŵʱȴܺͱ˲̫һͷǴͬ
˵Ѫɺӣ˵ɾľͷ·ʲôûзһ
ΪɽŵķʽҪôǻɢҪôͶ̥뷲һмǼðѪȵġ
ȥ˵ǳʧɽһ̣ЩѪһЩôߵĺۼᾡʧ
ΪֻҲйʲô֮ʲôӦģЩȻ顣
ԳϹ֮󣬳˴򶷹ĺۼ⣬Ⱥ˵ӰҲѰҲˡ
ɵȴվʴһףûнȺ˳׵Ļɢ
ԾǻɢҲ޿ɺǵ飬ȴûôȥǸһ·
Զ֪Ľ֮󣬴һЦյ˵һ仰
׷ѰôãҲһҪ׷浽š
-

620 ջԻ

ԭɵȻ䣬һжøɾ䣬ȴǸȺһ֡
˵ȺıҲһ·׷ɱһȴǵõɵ۵ԭ¡
ΪɵʱĴֻǸԷһһˡ
ûһɵ۸ǵĽõģûǻɢǵһƻε䡣
ͨͨ˸ȥͶ̥ĵ·ڿѾڤ磬ȥͶ̥ˡ
תΪ˵ǽҲлٴɸȻصɽ硣
ֻ֮ǰһҲκιϵˣǻͨ࿪ʼ
ǶõĽ֣ϾҲȻġ
ʶ½磬Ҳɻ뷨
ΪǱʶ󣬲ұһִ
ҲδģǻĻʼռԼԭ򣬶ֻ׷ˡ
ˣһж׵ˣҪܸõõ˰ɡ
ɵظ֣תͷŴЦЦ
¸ҲڹעĶ򣬵Ҳڵһʱ֮ڷӦ˹ĻǺεͼ
Զɵ۵ĻԾǰһǺԥɵ˹ȥ
Զߵɵߵʱ򣬾ֱ˵Լ뷨
ɵۣ˵ĶԡһжѾˣҲȷʱˡھͼ𣿡
ȻɵЦЦѵǻû׼𣿡
ɵͬЦһķʣԶҲȻЦЦ
ûڶѾ׼ˣڽһ֮ҲԼʵȵ۱˵ʵ
ֱӵϼһǣȴҲδػẦµȥǲȫԸǡ
״£ȻҲģȫȫԽҪԵһоͺˡ
ûʲôԥģֻʣ̰ˡ
ɵ۾ʹųԶǣֱǰ
ǾŻ˶þͻᵽʱӦνͻҪηչˡ
˵ɵ۵ĿܹóһǼᶨġ
Ѿû뷨һжѾԼļƻ֮ڣֺȥĴ㣿
һоõİţȻҪηȥˡ
¸Ⱥ˵뷨Ҳ֪еҪһе顣
οڸȥʶһ£Ҳ޿ɺǵġ
ô飬ֶȥôãһͬȥҲΪһһ
ϾһоҲǵˡ
Ļôһһεıɵ۵ͬ׷ɱأ
Щ鷳ϼһΪɵģԵȥʶһĽҲ޿ɺǵġ
οھһ֮ôһоҲǳ䶨ˡ
յĽӦоǻҪȥһϼһĺС
ȻȻҲ͸
һȺ˿ʼƺƵŻҲĵ̸˹ȥ
һ·Ȼûʲôˣ˿´ҶüΪ׳ۡ
Ͼʮɵɽ绹Ǻܳģûж˲֪
Ϊ棬һЩԭɱס˫۲Żϲ
ͷ·֮ǰһﱻһˣȻ֪ɵĴڵġ
Ͼδ֮ǰȻţҲȴҲѼˡ
ϾʮɵߴĴڶͼɽҲˡ
˴ľ֮УҪȻҲǲ׵ġ
ҲΪϼɵ佫ɵ۱ǽ˵ʵص֮õԭ
ΪصĺãԲܹһһߵڡ
ȥԼӵеһ޿ɺǵģҲͬὫһո¡
ϼɵۺһʲô³ҲΪɵ۲δ˵Ұ֮С
ɵһ·Ͽ˵ĿΪᶨˡ
˵˼ȫҲʱʱ̵̿ĶŽĴ㣬Щ˵Ҫһ㣬ļᶨȴҲҪ˶ġ
ĿΪҽҲ㹻ʤˣܾˡ
Ҫ飬ԼҪõһУѾʧȥҪһϼһĴ㡣
Ϊڳ䶨Ҳûʲôøǽ͵Ļᡣ
ֱǰǽǸԼһõĽҲǸԶͷ¸һõĽ
-

621 ĵ

ǰǻˡ仰ǳԶ˵ڵġ
Ϊ֪ڵɵ۵ĵ̣ȴҲЩݣ˵鶼Ǹࡣ
εĳԶҲΪ˽һĵصĿĵء
Ǹ¸һͣҲɵۿڡ
˿˵һεľ룬˵һξ㲻ǳǶеһ˵ȴޱġ
Ϊĵ̣˵һĥ
ٵʲô¸Ҳһ
ɵۺͳԶ˸˼ܣǵڶû֮󵽵׻ʲôĳ
ֻҪŵ鸶ʵˣǵ鼴ʹٲһǶٵĶηдһЩС
ǵˣֻҪСЩǰǷʲôδ֪
ѾָɵۣҲöڷ¸еռ֮ڣǴ󷽷վǰ
ԻΪϤģλûǴµ
ڵĻٶϴѾµĹ򣬺ǰɵеĻҲͬ
ǼѾռΪУɵʱȴзȨǸˡ
˵ĻҲǺ޵ģʱҲüΪҪΪһжû¶ۡ
˵ʱ˿̵ߺͳԶǶŭǾܲܶԸǣҲҪĹСһЩ
ҪȻĻ»ûдܶԷͻ;ʲôתۣǾԲ뿴ġ
ʱСĽһЩȫбҪģƾն뷨
뷨ҲͷϿɣ˼ķ¸ȴ⻰ƺ
֪ɵ۴ʱ˿һǼȼֻֿŵģеҪһУ־ķʽǷ̫ڹ
Ȼ״£ȴôʱ˿̵ɵҲӦΪӵġ
ûһЩõѡǰֺһ
ǳԶʼ˼ͬһôɵ۸ӵʱô˿Žأ
һһЩڵģôʱ˿̣ɵָñʹͶЩǣ˵ƽĻأ
ʵԼҲµõĺѺȴ飬Լĵ̵ʱ򣬻ĵȴԼ
ƾ˭飬ضʲôˣɵȻҲ⡣
͸ģЩǳ޷ˣܹͬܵ˱֮١
ȺзȨĸûԴҶɵ۴ʱ˿̾ʲôĸ̬
״ַ·ټȥˡ
Ϊ̫࣬ٸҲûκôԵĻҪԣһҪ̵ʱ֮ڽǰľŶԡ
뵽¸費ɵõ̾˿ǼȻҪȥĻǾһҪѻͷ
ҲΪ˵ľвҪأǾٱܲĿܣһЩΪá
Ƿ¸ֱվ˳׾ٵ˻ͷ
ɵ˵е֮ǰѾϼɵԼһ˵֪ϢԺпڴǶĵϤҲҲҪǡ
˷¸Ļ˸ǵͷǡ
ڵȷӵģзڰ
˵һаƺûʲôͬҲǰûʲôԸвʡ
ԶǱ˳ﲻǰֵҲӦġ
Ͼ·ǾͶٵĽһͽԵЩ壬ҲԵʡ
ԽվԽӹ죬·ʲôһֱڰ޷һ˵ɲһ¡
Խ£ԽҪСǴ޿ɺǣܹͬϿɵġ
ΪѾߵһĳʲôʧĻֻǰˡ
ƽ£ܹԤ֪Σգ黹תۡ
οڻǻ־ǾԲԼ뷨κεĲġ
ε£ȻҪСģͬʱ¸ҵһˡ
ΪϤɵ̹Ȼǰ˼Ҳʹǵ
ҪȥעΪΪ˽⡣
ȻҪһҴ沽ġ
-

622 ӿ

ɵһȺˣǴǰһֱŵҲǳԶˡ
ԶҲǶŻй˽⣬ɵڴ˴£˵ǳһɵʱһˡ
οΪɵ۵ÿҪ飬ҪôɵԵĲԶʱҪô֮Ѳߡ
˵ûʲôҪȥģȻҲǶŻҪΪ˽һЩ
˵ɵ۶˽⣬Ϊﱾĵ̵ĻôԶǶ˽⣬͸ǲĵˡ
ֻ˵ĳ̶ֳѾ൱ǵһˡ
ɽʵҵ֮ģǲܹǰ½ʱһɡ
ԸɵۣҪȫȫĸԼҳϡ
Ҳ൱ǵĵڶˡ
ҪȻڵ֪ѾռΪеʱô߷߲ƽأ
ɵ۵ͬܣһ棬һҲǽﵱԼļҰɡ
ȻǷ¸輸ˣ˶ĻǺ˽⣬˵һŵһᶼûС
ǲȥ̽·ģοߣȺ˻һЩ
¸˾ͺһ岻֡
ﵹһԹߣΪְﲻʲô̫æ
ȻȻҲ͸ڴҵ߸һģĴ۲Χ龰
ʵҲܹɵһЩóģϾޡ
Ͼʮɵ֮һɵĵ̣԰˵ȫСġ
վǾùģ
£ﶼпܵģǸҪעŸλķ紵ݶ
ɵȻܹ·۹۰˷Ҳ©ʱ
£¸輸˵ȻҲ͹˳ʱúõİǹ۲һûע⵽ĵط
ܹúõĹ۲һǷ⸽ϼ˵
ڿ˵׼ˣԼʲôҲʲôԽܵ顣
ϼɵǴκηֱ£ǶԴӸĹ۲ϸ΢ҳ
ʱѾһ׼ǾԿȫĵȥӦս㷢ʲôͻ״ҲԲȥʲô
ôģҲôģʱδϼһ¸˾ְ
ȫŸԵķ򣬿ǺҪҳϼŵټܹһչȥһ
˵ģǾʮӴһϵͳ
ڲŸող룬Ҳֻǵǰ
˵ǰ˵ǻûߵǲ
ĹǾһЩƽģȴ־ЩӦ
ֻԽ沽룬Խܵ龰ƺڱ仯ŵġ
˵ģЩطǾúȥĲһ֪Ӧ˵ǵαװʵ̫߳﾿ϼһʲôƽĶ
֮ܶһǾ;һεѹڰбʹǡ
Ȼȴֻһһֱӽвǵİ
ⰵ˵Ͽȥһε֣ŵ˭Ҽ˵֪
ĹУɵ۵ĲƺһЩ
ΪҪעŵĲҪ飬ҪҳŵЩˡ
ڿΨһȷһǣֻҪеĿ϶Ͷϼһˡ
Щ˶Ǳѹɵ۵ģȻǲ顣
˭ͻֱӽ֮նݳҪ֮ǰ׷ʱȺ߻ҪӵĲ档
ʵҲûǳʧ֮˵°ĺܣû˶Զһξ뻹һˡ
ǻ˿ɵ֮ϵı鲻޾ȣһЩʶľ֡
һܹµõɵʲôĹϵһ¸ͨϸ΢Ĺ۲춼ܹ˽õ
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623 Ѫϴ

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624 

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ɵȻޱ飬ҾӸµؿԳƵһǵ߹ˡ
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625 ȥ

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626 ͷ

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627 

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628 ɱ¾

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ʵڿɵ۵ĵһ۵ʱϼɵоȾֹ̰
ΪҲɵһҪȥֻһţȴԶҲȥ
ŲϧķԼһһ֡
һܹӮĻǵȴĽϵҫ
ʱǰɵ۱Լı˵һ¸Ҳν
ΪʱܹǾûܹΪĶ֣Ҳû˸Ҹԡ
ǸʱϼɵһжԷˣҲȥôں
ȴҲҪר־ԸǰˣϾԸ˵ĻһҲûġ
һһʼѡĳĬʼҲû˵Щʲô
ɵ˵ûдķݣȴѡ˳Ĭ
һԴϼ֣û̧ͷٴοɵۡ
ϼɵҲΪһ˵һУһûлش𣬶ϼɵ˵ν飬ɵҲ⡣
ɵȴҲɺϼһһػ೰
Ҳû䣬ֻ㲻ĳ˵ʮֵкô𣿶Ҳѱ׽ˣֱǰ䡣ֱӽһƻǣҲҪùڰ׷ջÿһҪõö࣡
ϼɵ۴ʱ˿̵Цݷǳ䵭ԶҲմʮʮĶ⣬ͷ·˼ýɵ۾ԻǱճһ
-

629 ʤ

Ҫ˵̫˶ôʤ븺·δ֪İɣ
ɵۺػ죬⵹ϼɵ۸Ƕ˼˿Ȥζ
·һֱȤȻģʵҲɵƺȵǸҪȤ˵Ķࡣ
ߣɲȵˣиԵӣҵǾøˣ
˵֮ϼɵ۵Ȥ΢΢һЦ
ֻЦȴҲܹ׽ɵ۵Ļˡ
⻰һҪԽһЩϵȶԾĴࡣ
ϼɵһֱǴһϵģܹĸܵõһӡ
ȴ·ûиܵһһôȥ
ǵЦûɢȴҲһǰκνͣҲεı¶Լ
Դƺ˲һĸ飬һﵱȻʮֲġ
ȻϼɵǣһȴҲܹԴٶ˵һ仰
ٲʱʣµƺҲֻ̹ȻĽʵˡ
һҲָֻɫǼ顣
˵ɫ춼ӵĺܺõϼʱƺûаˡ
ûκεĸҲں˵ĸ·˸Ĳ
һУҲ˵ûʲô̫Ӱһ
˵ʵϱӵģȴ˾˵֡
ɵ۴ʱ˿̵ɫƺҲһЩҲ֪ʲô뷨
ҲûаЩϣǾһʴˡ
ɵ۱˵ʤ븺ڻûһȷеĶۡ
֮ǰ˭пǸӮңѡȨûз
ԶҲɵһ𣬴ĵĶ־ʱ׼ս
¸Ȼɲʲôóʱ·ǿһĴڡ
ȻȴҲ̬һУʲôҪǰæĵط£ǾԲƴǵġ
˫ֽ˽ŵ״̬·սѾһһ
Ȼȴ˭Ҳûȶ֣Ǿʼյżܣ˽½š
һɫһֱã֪ǲܵϼɵ۵Ӱ졣
¸Ѿǵһμһˣһμʱ򣬾Ըгһͬ׷ɱǵǼ¡
ǼʱһҲûʲô̫Ĳֻ࣬ɫͶ˼Ĳͬ
Ǹʱһ˵ܵҲ͸¶߷緶̹Ȼ̬ȴҲˡ
µܵϼӰ죬Ϊϼڵʱͷ·쵼ߡ
ڲϼɵҲͱЩΨΨŵŵġȥ˵ĶУȴҲҲζˡ
Զڷ¸ʱ˿̵һ̬ķ棬ƽͬ
ǾЩİͬʱҲЩġ
Ϊû뵽һ⸱ӣδΪˡ
ϼڵʱͻһģΪΪϼ֮£һֱ׷ϼ
ʱ򣬸ֲԼԸ񣬷ϼĸƷһ
¸µ֪Ӧ˵ڵһÿɱǶԶͬ
ϾһԼӵĻǾ൱Ǳ˵ġ
ǼΪɱһ飬ϼһǶ˶ŵġ
ֻһΪλҪĸԸĽһУⶼδ֪ġ
ѲΪʵϲϼԲŻ׷棬ȫںԼԼ
һ¸Ҳ˵Ͼ˭Ҳβơ
ɵһɵҲͬĿɱ
Ǳ鰵ˣڰ˸ͷŻ˼Ҫɢĺ
һֺγˣ
Ϊ˰飬ԼӦȥԴĶҲʧȥңʧȥһС
ΨһʣµĻߵҲֻгϼˣϼֲĶġ
Ҳһˡ
Щŵȥɱɵ۵һϣñ˾Ӧˣ¸Ҳͬġ
ȻĹϵ¸ֲö˵ʱȻҲѡܱ
ʼյĽԼĲ²⼸ϡ
ϾôĻδ֪˵ȥһЩСϸѾ֪ˡ
ҪȥĲǷ¸豾ˣһġ
ֻлһЩϧˣһԼӣǶҲûʲô̫塣
ڵգҲֻʣϧһˡ
-

630 ״

ǾҲûʲô壬Թ֮󣬼ɵۻûҪֵĴ㣬ϼɴֱӿ˵Լ뷨
ȻѾߵһˣûʲô˵ģҲӦûаɣӵĻǾֱӿսɣʼսҲûκ岻𣿡
ʱ˿̵ϼ˵һЩϵЦȴǵĹŵġ
ǰЦɵÿÿĿ
ΣȴЦݾòƩЫ
ЩûĶȻ֮£ƺҲûʲô˵ġ
ڵõ˶ԷԼϢ֮ɵҲ֪Ƿ¶ˣһЩ
ֻĶȴǷʩʲôжչҪһУֻǰ
ûиκˣҲû֪ͨκˣֻǹƥϼǱ߳˹ȥ
ֻ˵ǳϼ˵յĿǴʱ˿̽קϼһ
ȻˣĿľǽһͬ͵
ֻƾҪԸԻӵһЩ
ҲɵĽͣѾվ˶С
ԶǸʱص׼ǰӭս
֮ûڵһʱڳǰȥȫΪɵ롣
֪ɵ̫δûзйˣʼʱᣬȻҪɵۺúõķйһЩķŭġ
ڽȻҲд㣬ɵʲôΣգǵȻԥɵ۳ͷҲڵһʱǰȥɵۡ
ҪǻҪԸˣϾϼһ󻹸һȺٵ۵ΪҲнɵΪԲһöԸ顣
οֻɵЩΪĻöԸһ㡣
ȻһγЩ⣬ֶһЩµӰЩӰǲҲ֪ϼŮ۵׷ˡ
ֻϼĲ²ŻʸοôϼɵҲʮɵ֮һ
˵ʮɵΨһһŮɵۣȴҲ𾴵ĴڣҪȻҲߵһ
˵ʲôֶΣҲɱһʴˡ
Ⱥ˴󲿷׷ģϼʲôҲ̫ܵǴ
ҲΪһҪҶ־Ĵһԭ
֪ԼЩʲôǲʱ׾ٵıԼ
Ͼ˭ɵһıԼġ
οҲźͳԶһƷУ´Ҳܹõ겻
˵ѾЩɵ۵γĶԱȣʺһγɡ
ǶЩǸҪġ
ڳԶ˵ҪĻǺúõĹ۲һ¶ݡ
⵽ʱĴʲô״ڲܹȥɵ۵£ԸȺˣǾˡ
ٴתɵߣɵգ֮ѾϼŮۺһǰˡ
ʱ˿̵ϼĳЩ˼飬ȻȴûܹӦ
˵Ƕ˶ǲһܹľ磬Ϊŵ˵˾ۺ죬ҲӦǲµĲŶԡ
ϼȴԵĸܵõԷΪ˵Լ˶٣ǶȴԼ񣬶ҿࡣ
⾿ôһ£ϼҲŪһҲͬûзӦ
Ҳ˵ܹܲӦǷӳ˹ɵҲٸǼȥĻˡ
Ĺ֮УԼı˵ͷ·ǸһģƾԼֱһš
ȻҲƲɽǶԸһǴ´ġ
ΪɽһĵĹ涨ϼԸ¼ʱ򣬼㲻ҪɽҲܹԷŪûɢ
ͬȼˣôǶԷҪ׼ɱԷʱȴҪõɽ
Ϊֻɽܹ֪£һԺɱ¾Է
ҲΪ޿ɱķָ飬˵˳ͻȴҲδֵԭ
ʱ˿̵һǾЩˣϾԷٶȿԱ
ȻȻɽȴҲĺܣʱ˿̵ɵΪ֮ϵġ
Ҳ˵ɵҪԸԼȫҪʲôɽԼؿڵġ
ѽ͸ʲôɽȴҲܹô
ֻҪɵһҪԼɢʧ䣬Ҳѵˡ
-

631 ɱ

ϷӦҲȷӦΪˣҲΪ˷ܵľҪԶˡ
ڼֱ޲ǰɵ۾סһ죬ҪúõһϼɵۣǵǷǱȲԼɵۡ
ΪսѾԲѾʤѶľˡ
ѾɵȷһĸƷ˵һȫûκηء
Լһܵ״̬һȴûܹв״л
ͬϻɴϼɵҲˡ
ûܱһͬҲûʱһʱ֮ڷӦôһ¡
Ҳǡǡӡ֤ǲɵ۵һ֡
ʹϼɵۺɵǲµģ˵ΪȥҲ൱
ɵ۵ıҪϼɵۺ࣬ҪҲľ档
ֻԶȴɶһľƣϾɵеǱɲһš
һһʱ֮ڶûκεĶͷ·ǱһȻǲϳġ
ǳԶڸо˷ܵͬʱҲΪ˶еֺ棬Ϊζĵزһȥȴ޷Ӧ
ʱ˿̵ɰڷԭֶû΢Ĳ滹ͬƽޱȵϼɵ۵֡
ɵǴ㶵İ̧ͷһؿڲŵǰɽֻĽĿ˽ˣҲɵۡ
ƺҲ֪ʱ򵽵ӦηӦһȴƽĳ棬ûκεı顣
Ҳ֪ǻûлѾƽԵڲûκεĶ
֪ΪΣԹȴʼվõڶֿԻ΢һЩ
Ϊʱ˿̵һϵɫʵ̫ˡ
˵࣬˵ƽޱ鶼˵ϣһ˿Ȼ龰
ǵҲܹ˵һʲôûǲ֪Ϊȴ־ڵһȻôһ˿Ŀ
ֻͣûһ˿ĲҲϼȡ
¸һֱһԿһĻ֪ΪΣĵﾹȻһЩ
ͻȻ֪;˵һ仰ʱȴӦһȻ޾ϸĽʱ˿һ״̬˳
޵ĺԶҲòǳԡ
ûڷ¸迴ʱһͺǸ޵ĺӡ
˶ܹóϼ﾿ʲôλá
˵ǵڵĶ˿ȥޱȣսͷһûɿԼϼֻ֡
ȻǫҲֻһһ˰ˣϼȫġ
ڷ¸ϼֻǰһһöܹõӰˡ
ͺɵһ˵ʼʱϼɵ۾ǵȴֵͬڻɱ
Ľ׶һ˭ɵһֶ棬ӶõӦеλá
Ȼƻ˿գҪһһߣϣĻǸӲŻһһʵȥ
ֻΪӱһȴȫûһ㣬ͷ߬ϼ
һ¸趼֪Լ˵Щʲôá
ӦҪΪһеɱΪһȴʲôûеõɵ۶еֵ
ĻƲȻ֣ȴûһĳŮۡ
¸ɽ֮Ҳûټǿʳ龰ĶǵϷҲĲ
ȻȴǾЩӦ֪ʲôۡ
Ǽ˵Ҳ·һһκ鶼岻֣ȴ־Ĭϣòġ
Ҳ֪ϼǷǹΪ֮ãڳ˶Ӧôһ¡
ֻǵˣûκηӦʱ
ϼǰ˵ˣȴûзӦһ
޹⣬ֱضһŵļ
ɵˣҲ֮ķӦŶԡ
ȻԴˣ¸ܹĽ͡
һҲҪ˽ʲôɵҲȫϼ͵ĻᣬֱӿڶǶ˵ǻʲô˵𣿱ᷴӦôҾ״¾ûܷӦʤѶ˲𣿡
ɵʱ˵ĻģΪʼڵʯ֮䣬ûκһ˷ӦôµʱѾ׼õһиʵˡ
ѾȥãչȥһؿڵѪҪɺԵˡ
£Լٲ˵Щʲô¿ԶҲټȥˡ
һɵȻҲͲԼͬ˿˹ȥԼе뷨
-

632 ĵ

ɵ۵һϯƺûнϼɵ۵˼صϣһãضһؿڡ
һǸ˶ܹóȻΪʧѪ¡
Ȼȴƽȵ߬ϼɵۣҲ֪ǷϼɵʼδܷӦôµԭ
ڷ¸趼ЩȥˣҾʼϼɵ۵ֵһ϶ҪҲͦס˵ʱϼɵ˷Ӧ
̧һƷȥ˴ʱ˿̰ԼǱؽɵֲۣԾؽ˽ƺҪѪûӿ£һڽ
Ȼ˵ô׾Ϳ׾ٵģڼϼɵԼֵʱ򣬶Եôһ˿ԥ
ڼ仹̧ͷһȴ⧲ײǡԼĿ⡣
ϼ㶣һĿ⣬ȥްĪһʱ֮侹ȻӦԷǺͼ
£ԼٲЩʲôĻһٵļĽ
ĽϼҪģ֪ǳʲô̬ܾԼʧȥһĻһеļƻʧܣ˵Ľˡ
һͷ·ǿһһһҲ״ʱ˿ϼ
ȻҲԼ޽һûκεΪܹ֪Լ׻ӭʲôĽ
ΪԷٶҲʵ̫ˣһʱ֮ҲûзӦôһ£عʱѾˡ
ʵһ˵ԭڸԼ뿴Լߵһ̣ϼᱧʲô̬־ʲôķӦ
ʱ˿̵ϼ״̬һҲ˵Լ龿ʧ仹ô
ȴһרעؿϼͷ·ܹõЩһֱҪõĶһ
һҲɵӣô֪ܲԼҪõһУûԷŵ
ߵǼȴʵģڼʹٵĽҲΪ˸еڣԼǷɵһǸ
ʱ̣һȴûиԼȥɵ۽ĻᣬһϼʳԼ롣
ϼʵһֱֻ֪һӰˡ˵ôŵ֮࣬Ҳߵڣȴܾģرһ̡
һԽԽҲ֪Լʲô̬
ʱȻһЩᣬǺܿͻعǿԼѹȥͿƺĶһת˻⡣
һӦľһ㣬˵ɥʲôЩ˵ĻʲôĽҲӦףҪҹĽ㡣
ϼɵ뿪ЦĻһһʱ֮侹Ҳ֪λش
ֻԼ˼ԽԽأȴԽԽᡣ
Ҳ֪ǷǴ޽˵ԼڵѪҺߵľͷ
£ҲܾԼҪʳڵЩ顣
òһشĻڽ¾ͻΪִҪõϼĴ𰸡
ϼһֱδش˵ЩҲûӹ⡣Ҫ㣬һεĻ֮仹пʼǷһͣҵλã
⻰˵΢һһ㣬ֻȫû뵽Լվǻһ졣
Ͼ£˵֪ԼҲһʱ׷ߣĿǰΪֹûһ˳֡
ȴ־һʵ̫һЩΪһж̯֮ٵĲ𣬾ʧ
ϼûһ̫Ļشֻһһ㣬þİһֹѪȻγؿڵĽ
ҪȻĻȥ֪ʱʲôĺ
ϼȴ֪һ㣬ǾǼȥû£Բټȥˡ
黹ûбرصʱץôһлת
Ҳ˵ǵĹܹܲӦǼɵ۴һˣƾŽһСǱȺԼԸɵ۵ĸ
ƺȫһҲûǿܹԸɵۡ
ο⵶ͽƫеزɵ۵ĳˣҲһؿڡ
ȥǿһͻΪѪˡ
Ҳ˵ǷɽƾһҪ͵Ϊܹߴ
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633 ɿصҰ

ϼζû뵽Уһԭļƻ޷ģǡɵ׼ȻȻ뷨Ҳ˿ա
飬ʵ뷨ҲǺõģֻҪɱɵ۲Ļǣܹ硣
ʱʲô飬ҲԸһȡ
ЩŮ鳤鰮ֹܹĽŲǰǰҪ
ҲΪʲôһҪԼҪĶ
Ϊһͬ׽οһԼһˣʱʧ˵ĻҲס
ǰԼĺ·ĺܺãǵʱʧˣҲԲԼһ˱ȫµȥЦ
Ȼǧ㣬˵ʧܵģȴûмƻʧ֮ԼӦЩʲô
ֻ֪ɵһʱ򣬾ĿĵĽӽģע⵽ɵԵһˣʶҲŲɿصҰġ
ԾԼһ·ˣ
ĻԼҲһ򣬿Լһ·̰ϼɵ˵õѡˡ
ЩƻõģҲܵȫԼļƻ֮еġ
ֻû뵽һȻôϵԼֻҪĹ£ܹԼҶԼ겻塣
ΪֹϼɵҲǵԼ顣
ʱǸϵĿԼһʵٻǻЩȵġ
һֲɵ˼ţǷҪʹһɵۡ
ⱲӶûа취뵽Ϊεˣ׾ٵıԼС
Ҳһ·϶ԼԴһһĸо뷨ܵ˵ȴûƲһ
ΪôԴԼǷϣʵϼԼҲܹܵõ
ҪԼҲһһ΢ԼһЩģԼʼհѶԷӵ˼
ΪԼҲʱԼ˵һˣ˵Ͽȥʮ䵭Ҳ׾ٵϹˣȴĶϼɵۡ
ҪȻĻҲΪһЩû˺ɵ۵ɣ׾ٵؽԷ
˵ǲбѣǽİִţһֻΪ̫װϼɵˣŻһһεıԼֵܡ
¾һҲȫ֪飬Ҳ˽ⲻΪǴ˼
뷨ʵִ̫һЩĻҲⲻΪʲôԼ޿Ƶϲһˡ
ڱ˴ڹȵ׵ʱһֱԼ㣬Է˲Ԩ
һԶҲ飬׷ϼ֮ͰЩһһˡ
ҲԼʲô飬׵ĻزȥˣȴĸԸ
˵ĻȻֹϼһҲ¡
ǶԼ飬ϼȴԼľѾòһˡ
ʼʱֻΪԼģҲԲʲô¡
ϼһӶʲôֻĹУһȴĴ
ʶԼЩǲԵģΪϾȻһֻΪԼˡ
ΪԼȴֱ㣬ӦϼһһƷ飬ɲϾƫһԼϼô˿ڣ
ջ۵ĹУϼҲԼһƫһһЩ
˵֮ǰ鲢δɹһҲǰԼġ
ͬһϵƣҲҪٵչһһЩ
ͨ˵ĳϦദܹóԼǿųȵģϼ͸ӲҪܾһˡ
ʼսԼԣڵӦôҲûŪס
ɵ۸ĽһؿڵʱϼܹԼӵ顣
뷨һȻ
ԭûĵģȴԼİ׸Ⱦ񣬵һЩоһԭе뷨
ԼЩʵ̫ˣҲɵ۲һЩΡ
˵Щ¼жѹȥ޿Ƶͦ
һжΪʱ˿ؿڱһѽһ
һۿɼٶȲ԰ӣȻ޿ɱĲһ¡
·ǵһθܵԼ˵ĵ飬ǲŲ֪˭ѯʡ
ô
ʵԼʱЩ֪ʵĳɷ֣ȴ޷סԼΪʵ
ɵ̬ȣԭǲҪشġ
ǲ֪ΪΣȻʹı˱۾̾Ϣһ¾ͽĺ
𡣡
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634 ҽ

ߵĻϼɵۿ˵ٴμɲĲ
һڴһƬ磬ɵ˵ڵĸ֣Ķ
ܹ֪ԼʲôĽ֣ȴܾúȱЩʲô
Щûеõ֣Ҳޱ̰꣬
ڼռԼҪĶնΪ߶ûǰһ
ԵΪֹԼǳ׵ռϼģһźˡ
˵ʲôֵεĶ¾ǸϼһƺҲɵһЩΡ
Χ׷½֮ǰһй飬ϼɵҲûеġ
һֻŽɵﳹ׵ĸͽǾͱһң£ɽаԵ˵
лһл֪ĻǼֱӮҡ
һȴƽĿ£üӸˣƺһֽѡ
Ҫ֪֮ǰһ˼ȫûеġ
ǵһ֮뷨ͷ·֮ԭһ޿Ƶȼ
ȴǷɵһǸǸķʽˡ
ĹͷͲȥɵһֻۣҪķʽȥһεĵǸѾΪ㹻ˡ
ȼһܹõģҲû뵽ԼĽ־Ȼ׾ٵַ
˵ǱԷһȻȴ̰Ҫߵʱ֮ڿһҪˡ
Լ̫˽ǵҲҪһЩʱԲˡ
۶ϼɵ۵ӣƺҲƲˡ
֮ǰɴûԼһ졣
ǱıһбûܹȣԴҴҵȥ
ȴֲź˵ЩûдﵽЩҵӲ̰
ԼûʸȥеźҲûʸȥ׷ʲô
ֻҪһʱ⿴ˣϼʱ˿̵ҪӵĶࡣ
˵ʵڵģҲûܹԼġ
֪ʼʱԼǷɵݣǷܹúõԣȫȫ۶Լĵˡ
ϼɵҲҪߵȷģҲȷȫȫġ
ǸʱϼʲôںŮ鳤
һŮܹʮɵ۵λã֪Ұľж
ֻǸʱ򵥴ֵܶһֱûע⵽ԼҰģԲһһԼڴˡ
Ϊֹϼɵ˵Բ˭
˵ԲߵĻҲȷ
Ͼ߲ΪԼԼʱԼֱѡ
ϼ־ԼԲ˻һһݣΪһҲȫȫΪԼһС
ǵԼûиκγŵûпԼġ
ĿǰΪֹϣ֮ǰʼհԼθ鵱һý飬˩סһҰԼӡ
Щ飬ܷϣȴЩڣ֪ǶǴ
ߵ˾ͷʱ򣬲ŻᷢԼЩΪݵģ˵Ҳûκ塣
ϼ֪Լܹ˵ЩʲôҲͬһһʼ˴ˡ
ûнȺӼǰǾĿżʧһ
ΪѾע⵽ˣȷͬѡɵ˵һۿɼٶȱ͸
ʵˣҲ已̥ڵġ
ȻĻȴֻһһʧҲϡ
ʱ˿̵һһʧʵǹڿ֣ϼЩԲ׽
Ҳףɵ˵ģɽʱ򣬲֮ҲͶ̥Ŀܡ
ϼɵֲܹ˵ЩʲôһȲڵһ
ǾǶȷʵأھȻЩֹ鷢
ȺҲޱϵվԭûκε죬ûпսҲûЩʲô
ɵ۾ޱĿŶˣҲԼʲô顣
ֻ֪ҵĽ֣ƺûеŭʧһЩȴظ˵ġ
ǿ⸱ܣô
ǵĻҲͲᷢЩԼҲ޿ɺǵģǲɢ˿ԧĲͨԼ
෴ɵʱܺߣȴֱˡ
Ҳ֪ԼӦʲô飬Լɱǰ˿ɱ
-

635 ϼ

ΪֹԼǳϵ˶һһһĴǰʧʼհִϵϼ
ϼĲ֪ԼӦôܹһС
ʵϣҲⱾͲöһеķߡ
˵һ㣬ٻһЩġ
֮ǰ˳˼˼ƻеÿһϸڣǵȴһģƾ˭òġ
Լһ·߹ҲԼӵһѾʧˣǻʲôòģҲŪ
ɵۣҪҪ֣
ϼһЩѯʣʵҲЩĳɣΪóϵξʲôӵġ
Ҳϼʲô˼ûĻȺȻҲ
Ҫټǲǰ֮ҶģǻԴС
ȻĻȴûϼĶҡֻĸڿУͷ·һڵӡ
ҲһֱŸղǸûκεĸı䣬Ҳ֪ڻһʲô顣
ϼȴشԼʳĻֻȻҡҡͷƺѾҪ
ڵɵѾ˵ΪӵһˣΪһ֮ǰδеĿС
龹Ȼᷢչ⸱ӣȻȴҲܹ˵Щʲô˵Ҫʵ˵ӦȥЩʲô
ϼǷԭ޶ԵӣҲ֪鵽ӦǺǻ
õϼڻһЩ˵֪
Щ֪ԼģҲԼȻġ
ھһж˵̫Լһ˶ûа취ټԼ֡
ǸĲԼɵۻĶϼ˵ϼڳ⸱ӣΪĻҾͻŹлвʵĻͺĴһòվǵòһһ㡣
ΪԼһôܹһЩϼĶ־ҪԼԾһΣҪȻĻԼһж޼µˡ
£ԼҪƺҲû飬˵һ¡
ϣϼܹԼĸ
Ȼû뵽Լһȴûκôϼ˸˼
ֻϼĿɴͣҲŸղƶҲ
ȻɵȴܹĸܵõԼĻȥˣֻ˼Ÿѡ
ҪôңϼɵͻȻڣɵһ㶡
ȫû뵽ԷķӦַ·ǾЩš
ǼʶĻظ֮ɵûκԥֱӷ
˵ʲô
ɵ۵ĻϼɵǸղǸ״ֻ̬ȴظһԼղŵǸʾ䣬һЩӴĽ͡
Ҫ㣬ҪôңҪЩʲôܹʧЩŭ𣿡
ɵҲûж룬˵֪Ϊϼɵۻʳ⣬൱Լδһ
ɵۻ˳뷨ϸ˼һ
ԷںôҲԼƽƽʮɵ֮һԼֱӽһһǲܵ飬Ȼȴֲٴοң⣬ԼȹĥԼꡣ
ɵһβ˼ȻһˣȺ־ȥ
Ƕʲô˺ʱ˻߱ĿܻԼ
ѡɵһҪһʮȫʮİ취ܹϼɵ۶ԼЩ̨ȴҪȥġ
˼ãûκ˳ֹ£ɵ˵Լ뷨
̧ͷվԼϼȻһĶ˿ڣʹ֪ĿⲢûԼϡ
ҴŻһΪɣǶõĳͷҲǶµԼұһĽ
ʵɵ۵ѡѾǷǳԻˣȫûбҪϼɵȥЩʲô
ѡѾ࣬һЩ棬
ȴΪԼѡڣϾô
Щѡĺ·ֵȥеһ㡣
ȻһĻȴڳ˶û뵽
ԭ۾Ĺ۲ߵΣǵĶԻ֮Ҳ޿ɺǡ
Ȼϼڵõɵ۵Ļشʱһ̿ʼĸ߹֡
ڻָ֮ȴһڳ˶𾪵ľٶ
ֻ̧֣Ȼۼ
һΪҪʲôʱȴǶ׼Լġ
ûҪϵԼΪ
-

636 ϵΪ

ϼɵ۰ЩҴܵȫעԼڵʱ¼һƬ˵һ
ΪǸɶԼôǻԼȫǰ̣˵ǶԼ
Ϊɽ磬ڷϵԼȫΪҲûлתأҲûʲô
½ûзЩеķ¶Ҫɽ类ϵ˵ǿһЩ
Ϊ뻹иڵģ֮Ҳûзˡ
ڳˣΪе졣
˵ɵ˵ҪϵΪǱϾɵ۱˻ûж֣ϼɵ۾ԼԼΪַϵˡ
⾿¶˶ľģʲôĿġ
Ҳ֪ôһ£ɵ۶ûܷӦȻʶϼϵԼΪʱ֡
ľګĽָ˻Ϊ֪ڵԼݻǳ޷ټϼɵۡ
һжֻǹ̰ˣﱾǻһǻߺ޵ġ
ǲ֪ľͱһϷ룬ǵҲ벻ˡ
Ҳ֪⾿Ǻǻ˵Լ˲٣ҲЩѡ
ƵģҲ֪ʲôԭ
ǱߵϼڷϵԼΪ֮ԵЩڵصûˣֱڵء
ԵЩϽס
˵ѾǸʮɵ֮ΨһһݵŮɵˣǱϾЩֻڡ
Щʶĵʲôûзһľ
ϼɵȷʵһЩݣ񳾰䶨Ҳûκλתء
οһҪһͬɵۣӴԺҪģѾûκϣˡ
Ҳ֪ģڲǷ̫̫ࡣ
һ̣ŰͲõȥѯһɵ۾ʲôź
ԼϵõʲôĶܹһ˻ԭ¡
Ǿ͸ɴĻԼöԷĽ֣ĻҲһˡ
Ƕ˶˺ҲѾҲָڵվ
һѾɢԼΪȫûκܹٴεǶء
Ľ˵ʵһЩ̵ģϼɵ۾õЩծӦǻˣҲһһ֡
οһȵĻԼʲôһˣܺùɢĺá
뵽ϼ̲סԹԵĿЦ
һ߿Цһ߰ڳһʹı飬ʵҲȷľɵۿ˿ڡ
ߣ֪һܻܲҺһ˺
⸱ӣ˵Ļɵֱѡʮָӡ
Ҳ˵Щܹܲ壬Щµʱֻ֪˵ûһ
ȴ·ǻصһ̣ԼǶ˺ˣɵЩܡ
鸴ӵͬʱҲܹ˵ЩʲôϾĵѡ޿ɾҩһ·ǰҲûа취صȥ޸ĵġ
ΪֹǾԼҪıԼ뷨
ֻԭԼľʮּᶨһ⻰ֲ֪λشˡ
տϼɵãҲ֪ĽҲõĿˡ
Ͼʼʱ֮û뵽ϼɵɢֻҪ˵ҪϵΪΪԷݸԼƽƽ
ٹֵ飬ԼҲûа취ȥҪʲôֻĴ㡣
ֻû뵽Լûмᶨôʱ򣬶ԷԼ顣
ɵ۾øΪӵ飬žϼȻΪһɴľٶ
ЩԼһʼʱͲһԭɡ
һķʽжϼԼϼⱲȴҲûκԵ֡
ο飬һȱ˺İɱɵȥ
ɵۣԺ󶼲ٽԼָΪȥεˡ
˳Զ⣬²ҲҲûܹ䵱
˵λãڽһУҲһг䶨֮ΨһĿžǷˡ
һҪãԺҲûκȥЩĻᡣ
ֻҪܹ磬ȻҪŵȥ顣
ܹԸ⽫һ˺һʹͺϼʱɱԼĿľΪ˵õԼһ
-

637 ع

ԭҪɵ۲ûΪϼɵЩľٶȻʹ˷Ź֮ɴ˳ˮ۵ĳȫϼɵۡ
׾ٵػٵϼɵ۵ĵĻôҲɲܹ̤ɵһ·
İ£һͬϼɵ˷
ʵҲôһ£˵ȥ̫һЩΪ˶òܹ⣬鲻š
ȻҲǾ£֪ɽ磬Ϊ˵ϼǰݣҲɻᱥ衣
Լһ˵Ѱϼɵ۵鷳
֮ǰܹȥκ飬ѡһõİ취ֻҪɽ硣
ڷҲʲô̫ΣգԸһͬ·ĻǸõĽ
ϼɵʼճĬţûиԼЩҲû˵κһɵ۵ǸĻҲ֪ǵ׻ܲùȥ
һɵۿ˵ֶ쳣Ѫûκεĸ֮ʣǳ׵Ľһ
˵˾Ǹ֮ǰһûκĿĵؽѪϴ
ֻҪǼˣһûзŹ
ԻǰһѪٴδѪ
˵˶˸飬Ҳû˸һϼɵǣˡ
һɵ۲ʽع顣
棬ҲҪģǰıʱ;Լֻˡ
ֻȴҲҲǸʱĸо
ǰɵǳĬŵģ˵һֱŬʮɵ۱ʱȴûΪԼݶежôϵҫ
ȫûܹԼݺ͵λȫûʽע⵽Լݣ˵졣
ھЩ꣬˵ǸдĶֲ࣬˵ЩʲôԼ顣
һж꣬˰ԼղŶһС
֮Ҳûͷ·һж죬ԼҲѾͬ
ԵΪҪҲѾ뿪ԼԣһӶˡ
ڶ֮ԼɢڴˣҲҲᡣ
ʵȴɵõЩп
ӭɵʽع顣
·ĳԶȴͷһͬڵأϷŵɵ۹ͬһ㡣
һźŽɵ۴֮ǰЩ˼г̨µĳԶȥʱһ˵顣
·ص˴ǰЩȴҲܹǰᲢˡ
¸ʱ򻺻ĲûкͳԶһͬ¹
ϾȻɵۣȴ
οֻǰɵۣɵ۲ܹôٶȻָǸмôʱͬԶһ¹
ȫûмƽһɵۣ˷¸˵ʱӵķ֪Լŵ¸ʲô
˵ƴǲͣЩȴһ̱Ҫȥصġ
ֲò˼˼ŵʱ̨µҲ˼죬Ƕ˼ûκһ⡣
ʵ֮ʮҹɵĸܴžǾ塣
ΪԸ֮ʵƫܵ˺֮һĸ𣬲Ϊκıɵۡ
ѪķʽܹԼȻǶɵ۶͡
֮ǰɵǸ鷳ʱ̬ȫͬΪ֮ǰʼվûɵ۵ĻԼͲһС
Ծɵ۸߾ͬһ׸һᷳĺܡ
˵һ鶼Ѿˣȫƽ϶ԷݣǾöԷԼһյͬʱҲҲı뷨
ɵûκֵԼĵطˣΪµĹֵԼȥѧϰ
ԯԴ˵ûʲô̫뷨ֻ˼ţɵ۵鳹׽֮ԼҪŷ¸ȥ
Ϊ֮ǿ϶Ҫ׵ķֿˡ
˵ʮҹпܻ᲻ǼȥȻԼȴҪڷ¸ߣȻҪΪǵĺ·ô㡣
¸迴̨ݵɵۣҲɵõĸ̾һμʱȫͬ
Ǹʱֻһģ˵ռ䣬ȴԵ쳣Ǳȫɵ۵ݡ
ڵȫָЩģҲҲû˻ˣΪЩ֤һ㡣
-

638 ɵ֮λ

ɵ˼Լʲôܹǿ۵Ķǡ
ɵŵôڵһεʱǾȫΪЩôԼ
Ǹʱ¸ǶȻܾԼģԼɵ۱˵ЩԼӦܹɵΪ̵õ·
ȴȻܾˣɴ˿ɼǶԴ˲ȤҪȻҲһƴǣǻȻܡ
ǼȻ˵Ļȥ飬ɵһʱ֮û˼
ǲ֪ΪΣͷ˼һ֮ͻȻơ
Ժоһ·ʲôԼһȫ¶ͨ͸
һѲ˼ĹҲܹͻȻͻԼľ
ַԼ뷨Ҳδ̫ڲһЩ
Ȼȫµ͵͵ĸоƭ˵ģǲôƺһжͬˡ
Լ嶼ӯѲʲôҪ
Զ˴Ӹղŷ¸ǽһֱ̾ĳԶվɵ۵ԣб·ĬĬĸɵۡ
ɵ⸱ڲͬӣƺʲôǳԶԥһ£ֱǰסɵۡ
´ҲֻĲһ£ɵѯ
ɵۣôˣǷʲôҪȥ𡭡
ɵ̧ͷһ۳ԶǡɽǵĿȫ
ɵǸмһЦҲͷһůԼ͵͵ĸоҲ㲻ʲô£ǾȶԳԶҡҡͷ
ʾԼ޴󰭣ҪȥĹġ
Զ˿ֳݵӰ콫˻
ɵ֪ʲôȴ־ȫûбҪİȻҲû⡣
ȴҲֻĬһ㣬ΪҪ˵Щʲôá
ɵһһصĹѾԼΪλĸоˣΪϾҪһЩԭ
֮ԻĸоȫΪԼͻơ
ƵĹ֮УԼŬһЩŹ˶þܹزҷ
֮ǰϼɵҪ飬ֻû뵽˷ǡ
Ŭôãջ뷲÷
һϵһЩΪȫûȥɣԼȴߵһ
˵ȻߵһĻҲȫûбҪȥˡ
Ǹ˶֪ʱ˿̵ɵӦʲô뷨
ԼټλãȻлͻƵĻǾҪǰ
úõıչտöʱﵽԼĿķ
ڼǲ˹ģ˵ԶԼĿǰΪֹӦ˵ǳһΪεˡ
һԼҲͬɢʵǶۡ
ӦҪԶģǺתһ룬ԼӦ˷¸ʲô
οĸмζҪ˼ģһЩʹžˡ
ͳȥһֱվĬĮ̆µķ¸˹ȥ
ԶҲʼոĬػţһ統һ
˵̨µȥҲһȷеѡڼԼĪڷ¸ˡ
ԼԵ֣У˵ǽ˰һ
һʱ֮ڣԼʼ
˵ûʲô̫飬ԼЩָΪԿóԼĸж١
һξǽŻɵ۴λҲ޿ɺǵ飬ȻҲվڷ¸ǰ
¸Щɻ󲻽⣬ЦЦȻ
֪һɻ󣬲ڵĿģЩȴҪãҺúõĸһ뷨ʵҸղͻȻЩ㱣ٻԼơܹúһµĻܿҪҾĿǰΪֹۺΪӦίи˴žˡ
⻰Ķݵһʱ֮ڣҼǳĬţȴûκһ˷Ե
ΪҶþҲ޿ɺǣΪЩۺϿ¸ȷѡ
Ȼ¸豾ȴôΪ⻰֮۵Ĳͬ
οҲҪЩȨ͵λ
Ϊܹߵߵľ磬ҲԼ׵ĽһС
Ҳ޷Ტ۵һ㡣
-

639 ܾ

лɵ۵һƬˡ
¸蹰֣ɵãһҲľܾ֮Ա
˵ˣַʽطɵ۵Ĺ۵㡣
ڷ¸迴˲֮ͬžǶԼʵһǳִš
ԼڲŸոҪɵľˣʵҲܽλõġ
Ϊǽ֮󣬻ΪߵȫԼԼʵλá
Լʵûдﵽĸ߶ȣڷ¸оʼһҲܵġ
οɵҪ´ԼĻʲô壿
ѲɽҪȥ˵ŻˣǸûʲôɣ
⻰¸ǾԲԸ˿óġ
˵ĻѾӦˣΪĺ´ûκɲӦ
Ը׾ٵĽһжǣ˵Ǿһ
ҲԼʲôΪֻҪܹλã˵ҲգԵȻͣĴӦ
ҲǷ¸˼Ķͬһɡ
ڵ֪ɵһλôԼʱ򣬷¸˸ȥܾ
ȫûһ㣬ҲȫҪһ㡣
ҲԼһ·ģԾܾҲɴࡣ
ɵۣһܹ⣬£˵˲ˣԼҲϿԼɵۻѰɡ
¸֮ɵѰǵȻԼڴǰλá
Ϊóɵ˵ûбֳǶڷǼΪȵģŻʱ֮ڿٵĽԼλóøˡ
ĻҲܹרĵĶԸһС
ûɵ۵ȷ뷨
Ҫλô¸裬ҲȫΪԼЩ
ȻԷܾԼĻɵҲǿ
ܹ¸飬ˣѹҲһǼġ
ʱĲ˵۷ɽҲͬ½һ˵Ƿǳصġ
ɵҲҪȣѡ˷˷¸һûмȥ
ǳ׵׵ĸһˣ֮¸Ǽ򵥵ĸɵ۵˱
뿪֮ʱɵۺͳԶҲá
͵ϾҪʱҲôǰȥ
ɵճʲôûķ¸˳ŵһ¡
֪ǽ̤ȫµọ́ǽҪҰĻҡ˵ҼҲԲһһϦܹɵģǵٶʱȻǿ죬ҲһԵʱ򾡹Ұæǡ
ϾǰԼȥЩ飬ԼҲûȫĸһر
˵˵˲رĴӦҲûκġ
ųŵ֮ԼǶԷľΪһЩ
Ƿ¸ȻҲûпھܾܹһ飬ôʲôΣ飬ɵ۰æҲһżĵơ
Ͼܹɵ֮λ˾޼һ˸ԼʲôҲӵƽһЩҲӵ̹
һָɵ۵˱֮󣬾̤µó̡
˸տʼʱһͬнģΪĿǰΪֹҪ뿪
ǵĳɵ۵ĵؽ֮ƺи˼ˡ
ͬԯ֮ǰǹһʮҹ֮ͣ󣬾ȶ˵Լ뷨
֪ʱûʲôܣҾֻҪڱչͻͻƣҾбչˣǵ뷨أ
ʮҹ˵ĸܣѯ¸ԯʮҹĻ֮󣬻һۡ
תͷɷ¸ԯ佻ǽҪȥ顣
ͷɣҺԯѰŸ߲εͻơ
ûԯͷ¸Ѿʮҹһڲ֪ͻɡ
ʮҹҲǽǵĲչͬһͬɡ
ոմﵽɵԯͷ¸ȻǲģûκͻƵ¼չء
ǲžȥԼΪٶȷ賤ĻܹԼڲԶĽﵽԼҪﵽλá
Ҳû̫ĵ𣬶Ǿʹ˷ֵ
ʮҹ͵رչأûκţǾǸˮأҲͻơ
ԯͷ¸ȻһͬеģǾȥһȫµĵطȥǼŸߴʵǡ
-

640 Եɺ

ǽȥ
⻰ԯʵģΪ˵ǾĴһ£ڲԶĽҲ÷ʮҹϡ
ǾҪȥʵԯҲû뷨
˽ɽ磬ͬ¸һҲǸ·գԶҲûκε뷨
ԯŻѯһ·¸辿ûʲôõĴ㡣
¸ʱҲһЦ˵˿һ·
Ȼ˵Ҫһȴﲻ˽⡣
ԵҪȥʵ¸Ҳǲġ
ûˣԲ֮ڸûκ˵Ϣ
Է¸ԯؽǣһ
Ǻܾòй飬Ƿޣ˭Ҳûкߡ
¸Ҳ˼ԯʵ⣬Ƕ˾ȥܹ̤ó̡
Ȼȴκͷ
ϾǶ˶ĵζ˽⣬ԾҪȥҲûһȷеķ
֪ȷеķҲҵȷķ
·յĿգԷ¸εЦЦǻشԯĻ˵Լ뷨
Ҷڵ״߱˵õһģҶ˾߱ߵôЩ֮Ӧòʹǰһصͬһطˣ
˷¸ĻԯͷϿɣҲõȷӵġ
ǲҪϣɽĺܴкܶҪ
ȴδȥĵطʱĴƺҲӵ׽һЩ
ܹ·ȥҲᵽµ㡣
Ȼһ·ƽޱȣҲǶĿǰΪֹǳէһȫµðˡ
Ͼʱǲ˽ɽطǶδʶͻƵ֮뷨ȻҲ޿ɺǵġ
Ź֮ʮҹϵʱ򣬾һ·ˡ
ʱ鲻ҪȥǣܹĲ١
ԼĿģǶҲ̤µọ́ȫûκԥ
ԥ̤̣Ǵʱ˿Ӧ顣
ǻнĴ߶ΪϤ·Ҳ֪ȥԭ
һ·ǵȷǵõһЩȴҲЩʲô
£Ҳûоȥᣬ̹ȻĽһС
Ҳûܵ˭赲һصͷ·ȷһ
˽һ֮ûʲô뿪ˡ
ͬλսһķʽ벻澹·˴СС顣
Ȼй̫ҲûʲôˣǻǾջСġ
ƽƽһ죬Եɺ֮£Ƕ˾Ȼһȫµĵش
شǴǰû˽ģҲһǾΪرĵط־ͽ֮
ֵ֮֡ͺǴǰĴССĵص㶼ͬһؽ硣ȻĻܹĵطҲǺáΪǰһСǣ֮ǰǵʱɽ綼ĳ򣡡
¸ܿͿ϶ط
Ϊȷͬ˵˵֮ǰ˾Ĵǲûʲôϡ顣
˵ûмԱ۵ĵط˵ûô֣ǺôҲһȫµĵص㡣
οû˾ۼڴ˵ĻǾһҪļֵ
ڲ˽κ£һȻҲ˽һķ鵹ҲӦõġ
ԯûж˵ЩʲôϿ˷¸뷨Ƕ˾ǰȥ
ֻУǲԼͬһ뷨ǸϽѯһ﾿ʲô
Ϊ֮󣬾ͻᷢǰСƺҲһǶôľȻ򣬷Щ߻ӵζ
Ϊʵ̫ˣһģҲ࣬ȴһƽȵϢڡ
Ϊ¸ԯܹ˽õˣǿҲߣǴȴĺܺãƺԼһ׶Ļ
˽ҲǶһȫµĿʼķǵļֵۣȻҲȥ
ͬεɽһ¸ͬԯһ𣬲·һȥƣҲýһЩˣžѯ
λǰǳէԴ˵ز˽⣬ǷԸҶ˽һʲôĹ򣿡
ΪƽҲвԭҲƺǵһαˣȻѯ⡣
˷¸Ļ֮ûκԥȻֱӸǽ
-

641 ֮

֮أǰʯһ˽һ㡣
¸ԯ䲻Լͬĵ˵ͷͼȴġ
Ҳûӣž̼ǽ
ʵҲûжã˽ҲƷҵ˽ǽһ°ɡ
ɤӣż˽͡
ԭ֮ԳΪ֮Ϊʲôرԭ򣬶ȴһͬһõĵط
ܵشκһɵ۵ĹϽΧ֮ڡڵΪһҲӦ˽⡣ʲôطɵ۵ĹϽģܾܡȴһ֮һĳģһжܡ
Ļ֮ԯͷ¸趼һЩĸܡ
Ǳвģû뵽һӵжϵĵص㣬ȻԲκʮɵ۵ĹϽ
ǵĲ֮࣬˾ͼ
һ֮ԯͷ¸Ҳƽ
ΪĽ͸߶ˣһожôӦ
֪һΪ˶еȣҲ޿ɺǵġΪʵ֮ǵĳеʵҲʮɵۣҲΪˣȴܹΪܵشԭļλɵҲҪڴ˴鷳ɡĻҾûһѡġ
ЦЦžͺҪ¸ԯ䴫Լĵһ
ҲöӦѯʣԹԵĽ
˵Ҷ˵ˣҲǶһŵ˽⡣Ҫ˵ľһԭʵҲȻΪҵʵҪͻơдľ˼ڴפΪʵΪΪߵĳҲͳˡҪõһȫλĻҲδһõĴ㡣
¸ԯ䵹ЩǴ󳹴
ܹΪ￴ȥޱȣȴ͸¶žԭˡ
ʵΪ𣬲ܵشĻкܶ˾ͻΪһܳͷβɡ
ĵطֶһϵģȻȻҲγõķΧ
ֻΪʲô˶УԲŻԵһЩҰˣο˵ƺҲԼĲͬ
տʼʱǶûжģΪǲԻģʲô˶
˵ʵϱˣȺ˵ĿĿȥҲٵ
˽һ֮Ǿ׻˶ǳɵġ
ȻҲطĲ̫ɫԲܵش
ܿ˾˳ĬɫҲͳһЩ
עһΧ˵ɫ֮תͷŷ¸ԯǳʽĽ
ǵȻûʲô뷨ģҪǵ˶򵥡ǾԻܴעҪС£Ͼʵ̫ˡ
˵֮˺ЩǸЦЦֳǶ˰˰֡
ԯͷ¸˶ݵĳĬҲ֪˵ʲô˼
ڵò¾Ϊӱһˡ
Ϊ¸貢ûôݣ԰òˡ
ԯ޽еӣȻȻٶע
˵ʼʱǷ¸ǰѯʣĻ¸ԯע⵽Ⱥ˵Ŀ⡣
ܿͿԷмĿⶼǼǶϵģȴûжĿġ
ʼǣΪǽͺһеǸˣĸ֮󣬾뿪ˡ
¸˻лžҪעܵ龰ˡ
ȷͬҵĺܣҲȷʵ߻ӣлһЩĿڴˡ
ԯͷ¸ˣ֮٣òˡ
Ϊ֮أһжûκιصġ
ܹˣҪôΪԼеҪôҪʵ˵ǽƾòȡˡ
ĵؽ磬ܹһЩ֮ٲ˵˻ָܵӰ졣
Լٵĸı䣬¸ëûʲô
ԴھЩͬʱҲиĴ㡣
ǳڶԶԷΪĲ˽⣬Ҳûǰ֡
Ҫ֣Ҳֻд
һγԶɵ۵İǶ˵ΪһαĲ
ֻҪǲҪñΪĻܹȻȻ
Զһ㣬¸ԯʵǲ̫ĵģǾɵн
-

642 ·Ϸ

ŷ¸ԯҲûκεԥǾǰ֮ǡ
ȻѾǾûк˵Ĵ㡣
οﱾͶأܹڴĻҲ
˲֮ȥ
һ·ӭŸָĿ⣬˵ûʲô̫ĸдн
ֻû뵽Ǹոս֮ǣ˵ע⡣
¸ĴȻǿǷֻŮװĹϵȻҪһЩûԡ
οĿǰΪ˲¶Լ˵û̫ĹȥݣǶٵĻǴЩζ
Լ΢һЩֽţԼȥûĿ
Ȼȴ֪Ϊò˫ģݣǷҲǿǷ
ֻϧĿǷûиʲôõĺڸս˳֮˵Ϸ
ǶĴ۲龰һһ߽ȥлҪ˼žʲôʱ򣬷¸ͻȻ˴бһ¡
죬ô˽ӽûע⵽ʱٻͷȥȴǡһ˲ת
¸ûбһȻȴһЩ
ΪղŶ˲ľʵ̫ˣ¸ûʶôһµʱȻȻҲûв׽ʲô
һȴԯ
ֻɫΪһЩ¸軺ʱҲ׵׵վڶǰˡ
ֻ˵ӢҲǷϣ˲ͬ
ϵƦһϢȴ÷¸һ㶡
ǳŷ¸贵һڣͲҪЦŷ¸ȥ
¸ûӦôһ£ڿԼȥ֣ʶҪء
ȻȴΪʲô׾ٵĶ㿪˷¸סԼֵֻ֣һһ·¸°͡
¸һ£ϴһЩ΢Ĳţ˿˹ȥ
һЦߣžǰƺǼЦ¸һ
龰ǸɵӶó¸֮֮ڣһ̤͸ɴı˸Ϸˡ
Сˣү߰ɣ֮֮ڣҾܹĺġŸոɣүͺһڣ
Ц˵ţ¸Ϊǡ
ʱ˿ԼķװҲԲϳ˲Ŷԡ
˵ǰҲֻΪ˵ϷԼ˵ǻزɣŻԼơ
һ¸͸Ӹˣһսȫû뵽ʱ˵Ϸԡԡݡ
е죬ԯ˼ɾûôˡ
ղҲûܷӦôһ£ϵϢܹߺˡ
Ҳû뵽ģոͱϷһ˵ԼŮ˱顣
ԯô̵ˣ
˶ڴҶûӦҪôʱŭǸ˳˶ȥ
ҪֱӼɽ˴ˡ
Ȼ¸赽׻ۼֿһЩģԯȥ֮󣬵ǻδüŶԷȥʱ򣬱¸ˡ
ԯŷ¸迴˹ȥƺԼĲ
Ȼ¸ҲֻεЦЦưһ֡
ΪҪԯԷͻҲҪΪͶĲϤֱ
һ˽֮죬Ҳİ취
ղȻǽһǺô͵Ҳôȫ
ܹͨķʽǺúõ˽һ£Ȼٺòġ
¸Ҳ뷨ԲŻסԯ䡣
Ҫ֪Ƿ¸ŵĻԯҪ˶ˡ
¸費է鷳Ǿͻûü˽⣬ܿͻᱻ롰
ʱҲӭΧ׷½أȻҲҪнԯ£ûΪ嶯顣
ҲΪ¸ԼϷ˵һ⣬ΪԷȷʵҲûЩʲô
Է¸Ҳ̫Ҫ飬ǾֱӶԯ䴫ܡ
䣬嶯Ҿ˵СοǶﲻ˽⣬һǵʲôˣ˵һ¡Ҳ׾ٵķŹǣ˽һٿʱپ֣𣿡
ԯ˵Դ˲ϾԼŮ˵Ϸ
˷¸Ļ֮ʱϿ˷¸Ļ
ס˹Ʋ˵Ҳԯıɽ˻ȥ
˼ŽӦˡ
˹Ʒ¸Ҳ˿Ǹ˿˹ȥ
Լ뷨ĿǰΪֹҲֻʵ
-

643 Ϊ

Ǽ˻ҲûκôΪ۾ѿԯ䡣
ԭʮֲͷ˸֮Լ鷳ǰδе顣
Ͼ˳ӦһЩ߱ǿߡ
֮Ⱥ˵ԼδǸҶԼ֣̲˵Ȼ
ո̧֣Ҫԯӹȥʱȴע⵽
˹ƣϸ̾Ϊˡ
侹˱֮ˣ
⻰˵ò٣ղһ۾ע⵽˷¸裬Ƕص֮ǳòҪΪԼ**
Ȼڿԯ֮žԯ侹Լղſϵı˻Ҫ࣬ʱ̰
⸱ӣ¸ôܲôһ£ʱƵ̾˿
ĻµҲð죬ԯʲô˼ʱԼҪȫҲǲһġ
һļŭԯ䣬¸ҲûʮʮİԼܲȰס
ԯû۳ȴԲе̰
ԯҲɵӣͬˣôܲԷ飬Ҳ֪ĺ塣
ֻڿ֮ԯ
ʼʱ͵ԼϷԼŮ˲˵
Ϊ¸˵ԭԾԼ£Լ
ĻԯԼԼЩƲסĸˡ
ԯҪԼл߶ʮһԷһ˵ʱ򣬷¸ȴؿ˹ȥ
һ˫סԱ˫֡
ԯһ㶣ŷ¸迴˹ȥֻ¸ҡҡͷ
˼Բٴθԯ䴫
ȱ嶯֪ڵһáȻ˼һ̣Ǵɽƾͼơ
¸˼ԯȻǿеסеŭ𣬲ԼԼס˹ƣû˼ƽϡ
ȫûпǰСٶһЩ뷨أˮ
ΪԯӣڿΰģѾ۲ӡ
Ҫ֪ԯ֮ǰүʱ򣬾޽еˡ
¸֮վһرֻۣҪò֮󣬶С
ȻȻĻȻ󲨣Ҳ˿ԯ֮ľٶ
ɽһҲΪ棬͸ǻûüȫλ˽⣬ȴʮ֮ˡ
Ҳƽ
˼飬ôܺԼĵļ¶
βסԼ̰ѾҪǶȫռΪе˼
ԭŭҲȻ޴棬ȫԯʼʱԼֳЩԵĵ⡣
ǶദõĻ֮ԼܹǣδؾͲ˶Լ
ҪȫУǾʹǵ˹ȥ
λҲ˰ɣǵľٶҲˡ֮Ҳϣ͸һͬǰУλΣ
ԷЦŶ¸ԯһۣ˶Էʲô˼
˵»ر˽⣬Ҳֻ˳˵Բһ¡
˿Ĭ˵̬ȣǼˡ
Ϊ˲ûгҲûжԼ飬п˳Լ
ҷ¸ԯľٶ֮Ҳûκŭһ֪ԸԼЭӡ
ͲɵÿʼЩմմϲΪ˵ԼԲҪ˳ӡ
Ҳ˳⣬ΪĻҪӵұͻʵˡ
Ҫ֪ɸǼƽհ**ѱԼ塣
Լӵұ˵ֶǶˡ
ܹסԼԼĺƵĻӿɱˡ
ģҲȫ˳
һЦһ¸ԯͷߣȴûбֵʮԡ
ͺѾ֪˶Էʲô˼ֲĽҴһ
ʵҲͱʼʱ뷨ֻҪ˼ܵ˱ӵĻǾͻǽﴳĸ
һ˾Ȩ֮ˣһ·ϸĻҲܹ˽ԷʵͲ
ʱҲΪṩοõļֵ
ԷֵͼһʵˣȻҲüƽϡ
ԷûʵȻҲټ
-

644 

ʵ¸ԯĿĻ˽һ֮ǡ
ϾǶ˳ݵҲֻһ˽ˣСϸڻû˿İա
ܹŴ˵ĻӦЩ˳ܵ˼
ҲԲԴɸ̽һҲ˽һ֮ǡ
ûκ˽ĻҲ޷ȥ˾͵һ
ҲδΣյϣԵһж̹Ȼ
һ˼ûͬҲûоܾԼҲ˶Է͡
ȻûͬĻԼҲͬͬ⡣
ֱ֮ܶӴǵϾͿԵĬˡ
Ҳû˼ֱҪΪǴ·
ɣ֮ǣ˵жĻҲȫȻҲܾҾ͵Ĭˡ
⻰÷¸˾ЩЦҲûʹ
ؾǶ˻ش˴˵ĻҲδýȥҲҪ߿ġ
ȻȻģҲһͬˡ
һ¸ԯ˸һɵӣ˵úܣԼǶеҲԶˡ
ȻԼǿҲܹУȻϲ϶ı顣
ҽ壬Ƕ˵ѡ˵ǼΪȷġҪ֪֪ҵݣɶǰͲôأǶƾɫǰͽҲʵף
ҽܣһӡ
һ֪ʲôͬѰݣҲΪĵλ
Ļδ˵Ҳ̫һЩ
¸赹ûʲô̫ĸо֪ܴСţΪԼݸ߹û飬˵ӵġ
ԯüͷƺǶĻ⡣
ԯҲûеǽһüͷ֮󣬾ͽ˼˻ȥ
ûмƽ飬¸Ҳ˿
žͼ۾ţ˵Լ
ϾݶԶ˵ҲǼΪҪģһֵǱסĴȵĻǽжȻ᷽ࡣ
ͬ¸ҲǶ˴ԼͿʼ˵Ի
Ҳ˵ֱӿʼҽܣȫûںǶ˵Ƿ
ҿǳĶӡϢ֮һܾȰɣҲҿңǱ˿ˣҲûʲô³忴ϵú˵Ҳǣ
Ļ¸εЦЦ
֪ʱٲүһЩӦĻǻ߳ŭˡ
˵Ҳ֪Ա˵۹⵽ڲ⣬ǶٵĸЩӦҲǺõġ
˵ȷʵƽڴתͷ˷¸ԯ䡣
¸赹ǾٶǵҲӣǾЦŵͷӦ͡
һ˻ظԼʱ̹˲١
תһ룬ǶԼģҲÿǣԾ΢ŵһЩ̬
ֻ΢˲˿¸裬ֿ˿ԯ䣬ƺΪĵ˵ͷžͼ˵Ի
ȻԸߣǾԲǵģ˵һҶԱҴߵܺáòʣַǳԺ֮ǣûܹǣ
˵֮ͲҪظǱ֤ˡ
һӣ¸֪ʵҲû顣
֮ƺЩڵӣǴҪ˶µ뷨
Ȼ˵Ļ¸ȲܾҲӦǾسЦԯҲûиκηӦ
͸ӾǶĬϣ̹˲١
ټĥӲȥĻ¹˼ܹĸԸԼӵұ
οԼȨƴСûռˣ֮ԵˣҲû˸ס
ȻҪõʲôһҪõ˵òϲޱȵͬʱֺڴӵұӡ
Ҳʹ˼һҪǶ¡
ˣҪǿǣϣĸԸ
Ϊãȴ˸ڱָָ㣬ڴ˴аԵôꡣ
¸Ҳܹ뵽һģҲµõĳƺʮֳ硣
ٳĻ￴ȥĸ;Բٶκβˡ
ǱߵٳҲҲʮַḻ
֪ҲԲǵ֮뻹ǷΣתͷڴһ
-

645 Ū

Ƕ֮ǵģ˵ÿĹҲһƺԸͣӣҲЩɣ
УѾڴˡ
ΪΪٳݸ߹ԼĸҲĳ˸ǡ
ɽɵ۶Ҫֱ棬ŵĺݡ
ִС簮ȻҲûҪµĶ
޿ֵس֮󣬾ԼԴĵΪѾǶǴˡ
οҲʱԼӸЩ˵еΪ˷곡ϷĻǷԼȤ
ΪҲѵõȤҲöʵʾϰΪ
Ļԯ仹û˼
¸ԷͷˣظöԷŭҲ˳Ļ˵ȥ
Ƕ˳⣬ֻΪõһЩԲŻ˴֮ǾرĺܣҲҪ켣һ
¸ϣǾԼó
ԼݣǶҪڴ˴Ļôܲ˳Լ
ӵ⣬ǾԼҪõЩָտɴ
ڶڵͬʱҲһģǿʼ԰Լ
ΪŪһԼʵݣͲǶ˲ЭܹĸԸĳԼ
˼֮Ҳ뷨Ǿ˳ֱŪ
ҿ϶ˣֻҪٳᱣ֤ͨ裬ʱĺģûκ˸ǡȻǾٳΪУ
⻰÷¸ûϿɣҲͬûоܾٻЩġ
ֻҪܹﰵάˣ֮ҲֻҪһһˡ
¸Ҳʼ߱˼Ž飬˵ЩŪĻʱʱĻӦ
¸ѽԯҪ˼Ĳ˵ʱƺԷԼ˵ĻȤ
ҲͣŪĻվЩļ¸ԯˡ
Ȼʱ˿̰βסģҲƻŽӦȥ
ˣǻûжҽҽܡȻڻ˵ʲôҲҪҸһνɣ
Ǹӣ𲢲֪˾γƺ
ûȷеذӵұ֮ǰ͸ɴĽˣԵḡ
˵Ⱪ¶ԣȴҲû
¸Ѿѽ˼òˣҲͻشʻ
ٳҵǷ¸裬ԯ䡣
¸軹ǿĻشԼ沿ɳһЩȻǶĽΪˡ
ע⵽˷¸⣬һԯƺôԼˡ
˵ʼʱֽŵ̬Ѿ࣬Ĳ䲻ҲЩΪӡ
ŷ¸ѯԯ䣬һϵƺ˼ŸԼ顣
¸֪ԯ䱾ͲԸӦ塣
ȴƫƫѻͷԯԷ¸Ҳʼΰ
Ȼһֱڴ˵ĻԯòͷϾûԼĺƢ
Ƿ¸ϽЦЦϾһǲǵġ
˵ǽ֮Ǿ߲ȥˡ
෴ܹŶ˵Ļδ·ƽ̹
ݵ˻ǣнҲӷһЩ
¸뵽ҲͲԥֱſڶشԯΪλ˵ԭ
ʵҲ˸ɣҲ˾ν͵ȥ
ѱ͹ҲദãҶȽ˽⡣ȵӣҲѿٵĶ˳顣
Ǻܿ͹۵ģ˵Ϊ˺ƭ壬˵ʵ
¸Ҳ룬ΪĶ˵Ļܻԯ鷳
ʱ͸ѰˣԲŻش
ҲȻĵ˵ͷȴûΪ˱ʾɻ
˵ӣ¸Ҳ˿
ȴ㣬ӱͶЩ˳˵˽ĶˣҲв٣ȤȻҪһЩġ
˼ںʸУͺñڵǰ֮á
ʵ֮Ҳδֻ꣬Ǿڵݣһܹ׾ٵĶͻ׵֣ǲҪʵġ
ԯ˵ǸʵĶ
-

646 ۹

Ҳû߶ԶϾղ·ʱѾϿҪˡ
Ĵ·ֺܿĴ֮һƬֱ̤֮ǡ
֮ǵȷҪ࣬ҲȥûһЩ
ԭΪɽ綼ƮƮĵط񿴵̻Ի͵ǴЩоͷ·ǻص½硣
¸趼̲סȥţһžѾĵزҪȵ۵ĻҪԻ࣬﾿ʲôģ
Ҳʵ󲻵ǿ⸱ӣҲܹŲµó
֮Ļ֣Ҳνĳʲôˡ
Ȼ࣬Ƕע⵽Ĵڡ
֮󣬲ǷԶǷڹӰһһһǰʺ
ƺҲԴ˲ΪȻǵʺ򶼾Ȼġ
ǶǸտʼҲǺĵ֣е΢ͷ⣬ڳһٳӦеӡ
һЩСϸȴûעõЩӦ
ϾտʼʱҪúõӦһ£ҲΪ¸ԯڳ֮ǰ͹Ū
ЩȻҲԼݵõ֤ԲŻġ
ǺȺͽ˶ˣ;ЩͷЩ
Ҳ޿ɺǵģҲҪȥں˵Ӧô롣
ʵҲȷӣȺ˱ϸĲ磬ϣٳܹԼ㡣
ܹʲôָԵڽĿֵϵĻǵҲȥ⡣
黳ҲԲϱֳ
ΪĻԻڴ˴ͣһЩӰ졣
Ͼٳǿ˵ǳԲ˶ߣٳںһǶ׵ġ
Ҳȷӣڷ¸ԯﶼõӡ֤
ʼʱ򣬷¸ԯܹǷǣ֪û˵ѵʸ
˵ѵĻҡڵĴֱӽ֮ǡ
ǿ˵ǳֵĵõͬһϢǾν壬ٳͬŪ
ǷǳٳƫģҪȻҲôϸǰͽᡣ
ʵһɸŷ¸ԯ䣬·ƺӵİͦһЩ
ΪǻصԼĵ̣Ҳ˼ɣҪںĶҲԵһЩ
¸ԯʼոҲ˲Ŀϴ񣬵Ǹ˻Ƕָָ㡣
ֻӲ˵Ŀ⣬ҲνҲͲû⡣
ڳſصһ󲿷ֶǳҵļҶǸս˳ڣЩҶǱ鲼һƬҲĿڰָָ㡣
¸ԯӴ񣬲ȴҲԵú̹Ȼ
ԯԸȥ£¸ǾҲûʲôô
֮ڸߣô˾Ƕǵ˽⣬Ҳ޿ɺǵ飬Ҳ⡣
ǶЩӵҪȥ˽һЩڣȺ˼ҲûôεĻȻҲ䵽ǵĶ
ٳִ»ãٻ˵ܹõٳǿɲһ׮¡
һ˵ţԵ˶ʱЩ˹ȥ
ôĻǾƾȥһסٳҲ͵ĺãůĲǣ
һȤĻҲû棬ǰٵĻָͬĳЦ
뵱Ҳô׵ģ㿴˾жôݡеĽɫܹٳ£Ǿ붼뿩
⻰ȻҲ֪һЦȴ˵Ǽ١
ζҲ¸ԯ˶
ܹȷˣȺ˵ȷﶼЩ뷨ġ
ҲνгһЩ˽⣬ҲѾϰΪˡ
Ҷ֪һãȴҲĬһ㣬Ҳ֤ȷͬ紫ŵһ
ĳ൱ͳߣȨ죬ǳʵ
ҪȻôȺ˵ŷöܹܣ
ǻԶǰͽ壿
¸̾ͬʱЩĿȫյȫա
ԷĻҲԻõһĽ͡
οǶϰΪҲںǰ¶
Ҫ˽ˣֺȥ׿ѯʻ£
ȻѾƾͼˣûбҪ˵ȥ
-

647 ǳ

ΪΨһһܵش֮ɽ֮лһλģֶܽ
ս֮󣬼û߶ԶѾ˳ϡ
Ĵ죬һ·Ǽ˵ͨ裬û˸סǣҲסǡ
ֱûиκ˴кͰǰź˷䡣
˵ûиֱסһ𣬵Ժȴ弫
ҲҪһЩ뷨ǾǶǲǿȡ
˵ҪӵұҲô׾ͶԸģҲǳֵĿռ䣬ǿżɽ
ܾã˻ҲǶԼ˼
ȻܹԼǾӦ൱Ĭˡ
һ·ѾŪãԼݶԷѾ
˵ĻغܿͻԼҲں⼸졣
ԹԵĸǰź˷֮󣬾ͻԼ鷿ȥһЩġ
˵ģЩȤŵƽĻҲҪĶ
ͱȷ˵񣬿ѾҪʧ裬ȴ谮Щ
ʵҲˣҪȥǶֱʲô뷨¸ԯȫȤġ
һ븮֮Ҳûǣ˵ǲеҡ
ΪͻȻֵĻҪӦ
Ѱ飬¸趼Ըȥ
ǾϢɣһɼڵɹչǵġ
׼Ĳˣֿʼͬһضŷ¸ԯ˵
¸ԯһ˼ӵĻӵж㡣
ο뷨Ҳϣڴ˴ӡ
Ƿ¸̾Ͷ˵Ƕ˳էҪʲôչˡһֱˣչ˵Ļ᲻̫ӦҲƣͣٳȫҪ˹Ųǣ
⻰Ҳûж룬ֻǾͶ¸˵Ҫչˡ
㲻ȥŵĻҲǱȽϺýģҲȻӦˣһЦ¸衣
ðɣȻǲϤչ˵ĻҾȲǰˡҪĻֱұǣҾǶ
˵֮Ц뿪
ʧ֮󣬷¸˿ߵʱûж
еЩ̰Ǳ¸迴ھһ񺮵ͬʱٵĻЩҡ
ϾЩܹʵʩĻҲȥ˽֮ǵĿܡ
䣬ǲҲҪж
ǰո뿪ŷ¸ֱԯѯʽӦȥ
ԯʱ˿ѾǸӣչ¶˶Է¸ҪʾЩΨһᡣ
˷¸Ļ΢˼һ£Ͷŷ¸ʵҲ˵Լ뷨
ҾüȻѾҲûнرĻҵȥ̽̽ʵ֪ʲôģҲܹٵ
⻰¸ϸ룬ֱӵͷϿɡ
֪ԯ˵Щһ·˵嶼ڿҫԼڹŪҲûʲô
ҲǺηʥǲܹ˽⡣
˵ɽ֮ڻ޵شˣǾԲǵ֮
ٽһЩɺһЩɵ۶Ҫȥѭν˼һҪһӣ֪˾ûô򵥡
ӵģҲ͸мˡ
ȻûжǽͣҲûдȥһ˽ĻôǷǶһҪ̽Ѱȥɡ
Ƿ¸ԯһۣ˴˼ᶨص˵ͷʾ˶Էе뷨
Ǿһͬжȥ׼Ϻжʱж
ܿҹˣ˵ɽʱٶȺҲڶʱھмı仯
ҹڸٵʱǻ٣ɽҲ⡣
¸ԯѾĲˣ·ߡ
ƺһж˵ʱ̣¸ԯֱȻ˳ĵط
ʵڸսʱΪҪŪԸһµĽܡ
ڳЩ֣ǻһŵ˽ġ
ҲΪǲ˽ԲŻҪȥ߿
Ϊ˽˴ŵķҲ·ա
ⷽжϻرȶģҲҪȥ̽һµΣ֪νĳںδ
Ҷǲһξ֮ͷһƬص
ҲΪϵԭＸûоۼʲôˡ
Եÿյģȴ˽ĵﲢûô򵥡
-

648 ħ

˿ʼڳڶתת˵ҹҪ̫ĺ䶯Ҳš
Ҳλõ£ҲûŪκζ˵Ϣġ
ҪųǳҲô׵ģ·ϵʱǻ·һЩӦǿĶ
Ҳǡܹһ֪֪׵Ļᣬܹ׵˽ĲԼʵĻǶǽгȻҲкôġ
ʵʼʱ򣬱Ҫȥĸۡ￴һ
ΪһƬ򣬻ҲܹóϾЩʲô飬ҲԿǷɵ
ǵͷǻûȥΪڵλǵԺӼ
Ҫ˽ʲôҲȥײƣܹµͨĵصԺӵʱȥ˽Ҳ١
£ǻѡﶵתת
Ϊܹ˽⵽Ȼ˵ҲƼġ
ֻϧתãƺҲûзʲô
˵½ѾƶȼˣҲûڳڴ
ĻǵʱǾϦദ
ֻһЩ飬ԲŻǸӡ
ɽǼĴ󲿷ֵطǼɫģȷ˵ɵĻͬһƮƮֽ̻Ի͡
ɾĵȴͬع֮͸¶£ȴ˵Ƣ
ӵͬͬĴڣǻδġ
ҲһϤУ·գȴҲܹҵᳵ·ĸо
ӲҪ˵ĻĲֵǺ½ͬ
Լ·գҲڶתתĹУǶûٶ˽⵽һЩ顣
ȻڻûвʲôȴÿЩùˣ
¸Ƕԯ䴫˵Լ뷨͵ԯԼظ
ԯ仹ڹ۲ܵȫ˷¸ĻҲԼĻĿ϶
ȷʵղͬΪʱ򣬾ҶڱЩ¡ǵҹȴֻҶڴεѲһЩϰߣ
˵գԯҲʼ˼
Ĳ²⣬¸Ҳ˳˼
ǲ֪ʲôģȷյĲܴ
˶ҲԵʮ֣˵ӽǴ֮δȥһطϸڡ
Ҳǽܸʲôˣ˽һǵĴڡ
ȴԵûôƽˣ˵ҲȫûбҪҪǽܸ˵ıҪ
Ը֪һĻǷΪҪȥų˵ʲôԭ
ҲҪ˼ڵģϾΪҹû˽һ״
ʲô˽ⲻҹ˾һԵûκˡ
ֻ¸軹ϣʲô鶼Ҫ
ϾҲֻǱҪ˽Ǹǳ⣬һЩͲֵˡ
ԼԯжʱҪСΪ
̽ǳΪͼù⣬ֻΪȤĻǶٻЩԸ˽õġ
Ųص֮Ҳûܵ顣
˵ǿνΪٳȴûʲô˼ȴҲǸ˼֮ˡ
ĸףҲǳһЩ飬ȥĻҲ׼
ǧǧĿܣǾûҪСΪ
Ȼʱ򵢸һЩ¶С
Ǿֲˣϵǰ֮£ҲǻС鷳
ڷ¸ԯ䶼Ϊ˼ŵʱԶͻȻһЩ
ЩڻȻ֮䴫˷¸ԯĶǱв
ȴҲ֪ʲôͬѰ鷢ˣҪȻҲ
ǶһֱۣǸȥ
·Ҳһֻܹζ
ĻͽΪ·յ·ʱȴҲܹƾԼµЩǺŻصԼԺӣһᱻ˷֡
˵ˣǸȥߵı󾿾ʲôΣջδ֪
ȻǸ˹ȥȴҲСΪġ
ΪҪ·Ͼͱ˷֣ԵЩš
ʵڳһξ֮Ҳûие˵Ϣ
ͷ·һƬǹڳڵһ
-

649 

˶תתҲѾת˺ܾãȻû͸¶
ۿžҪҹʱ֣ٲҵκ˿ĻҲڴ˴йȥ
Ͼҹʱ򣬴ĳǳ֮ڶлʱת
£ڴ˴ͷӬһϹתƵĻпܻᱻ˾
¸Ҳܿʶһ㣬ҹ˾Ҳ˵ɴͶԵԯֱӴԼ뷨
쵽ʱˣǳͬĻԼлڸ֡ҶһᣬͻԼԺɣҪڴ˹Ķˡ
˷¸Ļԯһ˼ҲϿ뷨
˵Ѿﶼתãȴûзκη
תȥĻҲһᷢʲôε£Ҳġšһ¡
¸ӦҲԥۿɫڳֱŵڶתת
ԯȻǸһͬӥɨһĹ۲ܵ龰
ۿʱ룬ҹʱּ٣˸Ҫضȥ
ʼĵطƺִһЩһڱ֮
˶һۣüͷ٣ƺ˼źö˶˵һΪλҹ˾½﷢
ʵǱĴ߶ģȻ·˵֪ľ͹䵽һΪƧĵط
ǿҲסס
ʵϸտʼҲֻΪ̽̽ʵҿкʵˡ
δߵĽ֮󣬾˾Щ֡
οҹ˾˵δ֮ʱ⸽Ҳ߶Ҳ͸ӼӹжһĲ²⡣
Ϊʱ˿ûκ˵ģֻڡ
ƧСҲδ̫˵ȥ
Ѳɺö˶˵һҪ˻ʱ䣬ȴһѲ
¸ԯھһЩֵͬʱӺԴںδ
ǻһۣ˶ԷеļᶨҲһͬԴͷѰȥˡ
տʼʱָֻһƬžȻԽͬһ򿿽Ĵ֮̽󣬾һĴ
Ƕ
¸ԯֶһۣ֪һҶ˷ҲͺԥǸȥ
˵°ҲûзκƮƮġ
Ϊ¾κˣҲСǸȥ֮Զľ֮ڣǾͿԼԼһ㡣
붼֪ϾܿѰŵĶˡ
˵ĽŲӷһЩṦǸȥ
ϾСطҲܹ̫ʩչֽţֻķʽԼĴڸС
ͬʱҲ񣬾ԼϢ˲
ܹǾһڡ
οĴ˶ǵΪ࣬ѹסԼϢĻᱻ˲
ȻСĽ
ǰĹԽԽ󣬳ǰǹսǴһƧСԺ
Ժ˸ȴҲĹ졣
ΪĹɫȫͬ⵹͸¶һɫһ˾Щ񺮣ƺ͸¶һηĺ塣
й𣿡
¸ʶľǰĻγɵĹȻǳ֮ڣĻ֮£Ĵڣ
Ƿ¸ֺܿԼ뷨
ɽ缴Ȼľ磬Ҳйɡ
Է¸赽ΪֹܹȷԼ룬Ƕ˻Ǵطȥ
Ϊ֪ʲôĻǾ͸ҪǸȥˡ
ŪһҲûʲô
¸ԯ䶼뷨ȻһһŹ֮⴦СԺ
˵Ŵܵıպţûκһܹ͸˿˿Ϣ
ֻǽǹڣȴ޷澿ʲô龰
ݶ
Ϊ֪ʲô龰Ҳһǽ֮ЩȴѾʧˡ
ԯûֱ˵Լĵ뷨ͬ¸һôķʽ˽Ӧȥ
¸ܿͷӦ˹ֲ̾ԯķӦȷԼҪһЩ
Ƕ˾ٴν㣬һԾϵݶ
¸ŵƿһƬûзκͬʱ˹ͬĳ˹ȥ
տ˼ӣڷӦô֮󣬲ɵõصһͬʱͬΪ̾ħޣ
-

650 ¯

νħޣɽеһֿµĴڡ
֮Է¸ԯһţȫΪ֮ǰ˵ɽĴڡ
ĹȻδħޣȻ·;£Ҳ˸ĦһҪԶ롣
˵ˣħޱǲӦôɽģȴΪָԭɽĴⷽڽӡ
ڱĵؽ¸ԯܹϽֱӸɵ۽¡
Ȼȴô򵥣Ϊ𺳣ȴҲﲻҲܵشɵٳҲ첻
ԾҪ˾ٱĻҲκô
ûһƿƬ֮ǿĲǱˣν֮ǵĳ
һҲԲۻܹеĸܵõԷݾħޡ
ܹ֮ȷΪ֮ڲڡ
˵ûмĳǳʲôӣħޣҲֻ֮ǵĳˡ
˵ǰ˵ȥĲһҪһЩǶԷȴӰӡ
ƾһ㣬Ǿ͸ܹȷǰ˾֮ǵĳˡ
ħ޿µĵطħ֮ͨС
ȻȴڰȦ¯˾ԼΪ
ҲħΪݣҪ㾡ȫȥԶԭ
ħԼΪͬʱǻ˵ȫġ
ִ治ҲΥصµ飬ͨ˾ġ
Щܹó˵ˣ˶ħһַʽ
֮ǰ˸¸ԯ佲飬Ϊгһջ¡
Ȼ¸ԯҲûڵ֪ħִ֮󣬾Ȼûþͱˡ
һнħޣײ˾ǵһĻ
ûǰǿȥƶ˵֮ǳˣԵͬʬһĴڡ
мĻˣһֵ˹ȥѾˣղŵıҲӦǷġ
Ҳһ¯ǰתתȥƺڶȺ𣬴㽫Ǵǵʳֱ֮¯չʳ
ǰȥЩӣ˵ȴԼԼ͸¶һɺ
¸ԯͲö룬֪ôһ£ԲŻʱĶܵ˳
ȫû뵽ɽ绹˴ڣ֮
ڵݺʵȻûôȥֱˡ
ɫӵضһۣ֪Ӧȥˣµ˵̫á
һαҪ̽̽ʵû뵽ȴ顣
˵Էݲܹȷ񼸺ˣԷĳˡ
ǳȻ飬ôܵش֮ǿ󾿾жôˡ
ЩҲܹŵ˽õ徿жôĵ
ʼʱ򣬵һʱͲϲЩȽǼֱ˵ޱȵˡ
¾ҲûԼĸ׻飬ֻ˵ˣȴҲһֻ۱һֻۡ
ϾܲԼĸ׾ЩʲôΨһܹľĸ׾Բȥ˺
Զ˵һΪú·ĸףҲûʲôµģҲ֪˽֮󣬸ӲԼĸˡ
Һĸӣǿʼ˼ŽӦȥ
Ȼ飬Ǹ˶ƽԼ顣
ον˾ǵħޣǼΪΣյģܵشҲûκεİ취
û뵽̽ʵȻ̽£ǾЩ޸֮ǲ֪Ǻˡ
ΪĻǾ͸Ӳ֪֮ǾǶǴ
պĻҲʲô³
ϾǶ˵ʵôܹɵᲢ۵֮ǳԣ
ֱѻʯǾԲģҪΪӪȻҪʲô黹δ֪
˼ŽӦȥ׼ʱʱһҹХǡɴĶ˵°졣
ҲûʲôǷ¸ԯȴɫһΪ״˵ʵ̫Σˣκεķ紵ݶпܱ¶ǵλá
Ȼڵĳܿͷ˲Ծĵط
ͬʱһֱŷ¸ԯķ˹
ۿżҪӭϳ񣬷¸谵вžٶ˽Ķ
-

651 ǰƽ

ǰһڣһݶϤת֮۵ʱѾؾ
ǧһ֮ʣ¸輰ʱٻؾҽԼ;ߵԯȫٻڴˡ
ôĻµʱǾҪһˡ
˵ҲܹȷǷ񱻳ǵټµ״˵ԲǸõ״
ϲϵóˣǻһ£ΪøˣҲѲĸϸˣܿǾͻΪָ¶
Ͼ⣬˶鶼úܡ
ֻ˵ľˣҲ֪ҹʱֲӦ
ֿ֮ܶܶڷ¸ԺΨһܹȷǣѾˡ
˵Ѳ˵䣬ӦȥѾԶ
ԯϵɫҲ̫ںÿʱ˿ҲǸӣȻҲͬ¸һ˼֮С
Ҳ֪ûô򵥣ԽҲҪΪ˵ĺ·ȥǡ
ԽԽĻǻܿͻᱩ¶Լ
ڶݵʱ֮ڣֲܹʱ롣
Ϊ»û뿪֮ǣͻᱻ˸ˡ
οǸǡ롱壬Ҳô׾ٵķŹǡ
ò˵ڣܹ׾ٵؽǵһʴĻǿҲķ
Է¸ԯ伸õ﾿ʲôˡ
Ǳ֪߱ԼЩ飬пܻΪԼߣԸ֮ڰҹй䡣
Լ飬ⷽҪϸĶڳЩ˻ʱ䡣
ָƵ£Ҳǿһ飬ѹͲǿ
ڽ£ҲܹȷǸµЩ£߷Լ飬κһ˵ġ
ΪҲܵͷŲҪСĶԴñȥһЩӦ÷Ĵʩ
ʵϸղ͵Ǹ򿴹ȥʱҲ޵Ӱӡ
˵ҿ̫壬ȴܹ壬ӰƺĨɫҰ֮С
ȻڵЩ˺һЩҶȴɫָɫ
ԳԶ϶ЩҶûΥԼ˵Щ飬ĨɫӰ¾ˡ
뵽һ֮󣬳ɫΪѾ֪ԼӦоˡ
˵ҲųڼҶ˽µ´ɫĿܣȻ黹ҪԽСĽԽá
οȺ˶Ҳ֪Щ˵˵ȴҲϺɡ
ԼԸĵؽ磬ǲһġ
ĻǿҲǳıӵˣ͸һŵĶ
ȴûж̫ھᣬϾϷû꣬һжûн
ԼҪʰЩ̯ӻûг׵ĽԳҲר־ǰ¡
˵ǼʼʰȺ˵ľǣɫܹóʱ˿鲢̫á
ƺ˼ŽЩ֮쾿Ӧôһ
ʱ˿ڵĻһǰȥޱǵĳƽ󲢲
һĻ˷¸ԯҲ˿ü
¸ԯһֱؾ֮ڣδԭȵĵص㡣
ʵҲ˼ǷҪȥ̽̽Ƿڸĸܵõ˵ϢʧƬˡ
˵Щ޷ܵ飬ȴҲòܣȻȴҲ֪ڶ֮󾿾ȥˡ
¸ԯ˼ʱ۳ҪˣǶ˴ؾ
Ҳͷˣ͸ϽѰʼʱµϢٶȺӯ̬˵Ժ䡣
ʲô鶼ûзһԻ˸Եӡ
Ҳûã̫ʱȲ˵Ժ䡣
Ҳܹ˸쾡¡
̤Ժ֮󣬾ֱӴһ˵䣬ϲЦտس˵¸裬ԯλ˯ÿɻã
ʵ˿ģΪʹʱδ֡
ʵǻЩƣΪ⾹Ȼû͸¶
˵ӦѲʱ˲Ŷԡ
ڵǱǰ
-

652 Ѳ

¸ԯ侭һ£û˯⡣
⻰ЩգҲû뵽ʶĵڶͽеܡ
ţǻǸϽԼķ̤˳
ȻǰŸ̤Ժ֮ڣžʹһŲ
ɫһⲿ
˵ˣһҪѲ飡
עҲһֱ˵ϣ⸱ȥһѾӣȴɵûϹ롣
ֻЩǵǰȻ΢üŶѯʣôˣûϢã
¸ԯ䶼ųħޣѾ͵˵飬Ѳ飬й壿
Ȼǵ޶ԣľ͸ˣܾûô򵥣ȴҲļ򵥡
Ƕ̧ͷ龰Ҳûѿڶ֪ˣһһ磬Ѳ˸ŵ˶𣿡
¸ԯȻȫû뵽Ȼô룬˼ŸòӦĹ򣬸ղǲ˵ҪѲ顱Ѿ˴š
Ƕֱ£ϣ
ͷ˴ɫ˿Σһֻ䣬ȷʵǲ̫һ
ϸһƺǴ棬û뵽ǳ߹
ֺҪ¸ԯ£ӺòԵ
ȻȺ˸Ҫǰ壬̴һҿ˭Ҷ
еļҶһͺոշٳһӲͣ
ƣ㳤ǰɣȻ˵Ժ䣬ҲٳΪ
Ҳǵٳô꣬һϵƵǰ㲻
¸Ҳⰵ̾˵ƽһӵܣǵʱȴҲܹʾԼһЩ
ǸƵӾʼͷ׽ǵˣһȻЩ΢΢֮ڨЦųⲻǡ
ٳˣǷ˳˵Ҫ׽ԱûаҪٳ˼
ȻȴһףղǸֺӣǶġ
ƽֵô̰ƺɫ֮ȻʱȴҲɲɵӣܹǷǡ
֪ԷʱԼ׵ͲԼ̶˵Ͷ˼
˵ĵǺٳҲһкѵ׵ΪΪ𣿾Ͳҵһ״
Цһҹûô˯Žˡ
һԼҲ磬һͱǸˡ
ҿ¸ԯӣǵȷʵǱѲĿںһ
οԼˣԼûдﵽӵұĿģֺø׽׽ߣ
ȻҪվά
ϵڨЦʱ˿̶ЩӲû뵽ٳȻѲ
ʵҪ֦ͷˣԲŲͣİͽų
ò׳ԸһĹˣȻҲҪľİá
ʵ֮ǰʱҲǷҪ̻¶ԼİãѳԼҲ֮񱣬ҶĽϲ
ĻܹʵĻҲܹԼһ·ԸԼ͹Գ
ȻԽò׵õ˳͸ӲҪˡ
ȴҲ֪ڳжôܳ裬Ͼǳͷ˵ĶӣҲӲӲ
ʼԼղŵΪǸղԼʱ΢ʾĻȻҲͲ龰
˼ʾⲻҲ벻취ҲֻӲͷƤӦ
ͨͨڣҲ֪ģǳ

ƵĻû˵ֱ꣬ӽˡ
һæ̧ͷ忴˹ȥ֪ôͻȻƢ
ٳ
ˣٴαˡ
ڿȥŭգȻǾöԷѾԼ
οҪά÷¸ԯ䣬ǾͲ̣ǸҪ
˵ĵǺǻ֪ҴˣҴǶҲ̫ҷ˰ɣ
⻰ŵͷ󺹣û뵽ε˻ܳ裬άĵز
ȻǱֲýʱ˿ԵЩ޲ߡ
컹Ҫ˵Щʲôʱֱ
Ͳùˣҵߣ˵ҵ뷨
-

653 ̻

ʵ¸ԯûȻƫ̻ǵġ
ϸ룬ǶˣҲԵ֡
ֻƸӵΪϾҲԵ޹ʵҲ磬ĳԸߵġ
Ȼȴٳǰ裬˵͸ðˡ
֪ЩʲôҲ֪ΪѣʱȻûгԱԼ˼
룬˵ҲЩ
Լֱ嵱ƵĻسҲΪѡ
οЩԼ˵ģԼǰĻתҲܹͷԼ
ϾԼĹ߹ʧȥԼҲʧģȻȻҲʹ⡣
ƾͳŸһͬȺ˰˰֣ʾ£žͶ˰ݡ
Ȼ˵ĻٳԸʹˡ
һЩƵ˵ͷ
ûԥֱӴ뿪ƽĺ鶼ûзһ
ȫ뿪ˣֳŷ¸ԯת˹ȥ
ǵɫѾָ糣ҿԼҲûʼôԶˣǸӵˡ
ȻûôԶģҲֻз¸ˡ
ԯ񼸺ûô䣬Ǹӡ
ͳһףȻԯ䵱˱ɽˣûļƽϡ
ֻЦģƺҪŶο˵ĻҲΧŸղŵ顣
ղŵ°ǶŻ˰ɣûϵڣҾһᱣǵġ֮ǰҾô˵ģĳ˵
⸱Ƶӣ¸ЩЦҲܹϸղĹ͡
ĻͱȺҶ׽ȥ
ı͵˳һоͶýˡ
ԿһЦ¸ҲûôС
˵ȷǼɫһЩǶǻǱȽģҲ͵ЦŶ˵Ƕ˵ûʲô£ֻǲ֪﷢ʲôҪյе׽ȥѲ飿
⻰ʵе׽ζǷ¸Ϊ˱ȫˣҲֻܺʲô֪һװɵ
⻰Ҳͷ
Ͼղѧ˵һʲôӣȻҲֻΪΪǵ˴ڻˡ
ʲôһŲ֪Ҳûش¸Ļ
ʵҲ֪ʲô֪ܹǽץ߾Ͷˡ
ⷬ¸ȻЦЦ
ϵش𣬲ĻشҲǽҪ顣
飬屣סǣǾлټн¡
లµܹڳƽȹҲҪȱץȥࡣ
˵Ҫл֮񱣬һЩɫٳˡ
Ļ֮ء
Ͼڳĵ̣ҪԸǼֱ׾١
׽ȥ֮ҪЩʲôö֪
ǵ췢ȺһǷŵ¯
ֻҪһ뵽ǻĸʬ¸̲ס˸
Ȼ˵鲢ôη壬뵽飬ȴɻЩŻ
ɫҲ͸ӼᶨһЩΪ֪Լԯ䲻鷢
ԯƺ˷¸뷨Ҳ˳ƣʾԼߣ³
վü˵һµۣȴɼΪ
ӵЩ飬ȫûб
¸˶ΪҲͿר־ĸԯһͬԸǰˡ
ȷʵǸǴڻǽҪȥЩʲôδ֪
Ͼһ֮񱣬˿ζԶ˼ˣ˵ƫ̻ʵҲǶǺܸȤġ
Ҫ˵ĻҲһŹˣҿȥûʲô⣬ҲôǣҲɴһΣԡ
¸ǻǻϲǻϾദҪȸദȫöࡣ
ȻûлظԼĻֱӸԼôҪȥЩʲô
ǳէǶϢûж߶šǿǧҪдܰ
˵˵Ļ뿪Ц棬Ƿ¸ԯȴ˿ҲûжԶľ
ΪֲһǡٴЦĲ䡣
-

654 Զ

Ǳ뿪֮Ҳûڳڶתתֱӻص˳ͨ籨š
ѾյǴԺ䣬ǵƽ칫鷿
ԶһֱھĵȴϾһղ԰ġ
ȻƳҰ֮߸ŵĶǳˣȴûмԼȥ׽õǼǲüͷ
ͬ۲һҲڹ۲ųߵĶ
ԶԶģͿ˳ע⵽ȺˣϵıƺҲô
̾ǰҹȻֱӿͷģֺ֮Բ
ˡܣԺҪǶ׽ûȻȴٳٳάһ֮ҲֻôظˡԽ˵ԽС
ʲôһӣȻ
ɰһѲԼٳڻһ뷨вͨ
Ȼ͵Ҫͷʱ򣬳ȴƽ
֪ˣȥɡ
˳ƽޱȵһ仰ֱԭء
ź˵˵ղŷôƢҲӦöһȻ
ȴ˵ֱȥˣû˵ͷҲû˵Ӧôֱ͸̫߳һ
ע⵽ƵĴͣüͷȻٴι
ô㻹£
֪ΪԼĵöʱӦ˹
Ҳ߶ʮһڲҪ飬ǵֵ
ƾͻæлžʹȺȥˡ
ǳȥ֮󣬳ٴ˼
ڳһĹ£飬ΪҲǳ˳˽ˡ
֮ǰͳҪЩ飬ָơ
ڿ˳ûж׷ȺһûκҪ˼
ͱЩҲʹŵųѯ
Сһ鲻̫ףΪҪ׾ٵķŹǣѵ𣿡
⻰̾˿˵˾䡰ѵúͿ
ŻûвشĻһ˼һ£ͶҲǽ⿪ɻ
Ȼ׾ٵĽҹȻ־Ҽȥʲôô𣿡
⻰ƺЩƶǶ
Ҳ֪ôԼ˼̾˿ּ
ŷϾΨһĶӡȻҲҶ꣬ǿŷģ֪ܲʲôӣ
⻰ƺˣȻȴ죬˼˵Լ뷨
ϾЩƬ֮ʣпܻ
ȴЦѾѻ˵ϣǸ̫޶۵ˣҲԼôꡣ
ȻѾ˵ģֻȴҪ˵ѡ
ǳҲ͵ĸĵȷȷ˵Ҳա
ˣҲҪ˵һ֪ͺá
˵Ѿôһˡ
ŵʲôԣˡ
Ȼܹոմ˴ڻôһջὫ׾ٵõֵӵһԡ
ԼҲѾ̽ˣˣɰˡ
Ҫɲô׵飬˵Ǳȵ컹ѡ
ڼ䣬ȫ˻ܡ
ҾҪܿҲԼ֣ԼĶҲӦȻҲͲҪΪȥˡ
Ҳܹ֪ᵽġ
ֻҪˣǾͿƾԼˡ
ΪǶ˴ڻһҲǴڻˣȻҲƾԼδҲǰš
Ǵ⣬ԲŻûʲôõǵģȻҲûƵ鷳
ȵʱˣٰ첻٣ҲƲʲôˡ
֪ԷԼĻ˽⣬ǳɴ˵Ի
ʵҲǰ鴫ȥ벻ĳ֪Ҳν
ΪȺҲûӻᱳԼȻ͸ˡ
Ⱥ˸ұԼĻȴǵľʲôĺҲĺܵġ
ڵȺҶѾ춨ԼƾԼݣҲӲ֮ǡ
ֻҪӲ֮ǣй¶ȥҲ첻κӰ졣
οԼ飬ЩҶҲ֪ģȴδ˸ҳȥɢ
Ϊˣڻû֮ǰԶˡ
-

655 ҿ

һģ¸ԯͱٳˡ
αԽȥ֮ǵص䡣
ĻԶʮ
ΪĻǾܹٶ뿪ˣҪķʽ뿪Σ֮ĳ
ʵϣǸͲҪԼȥʵֱӵȴŽαܹһŵ˽ˡ
Ȼڻ֮ӣѾײ׮飬Ͳٴ׾ٵĽǲòЩİ취
ʵڼ䣬ǼıҵЩ˵ġ
Щƺͬǵ˼һŶ˵дŨŨļʣͷ·ĳ谮һ
¸Դ˱ΣԯޱĽȺ˸ӵˣͷ·Ǹһ
¸ǶҪǵĳ谮ǱˣҲ޿κε顣
һ·嶼ϲƺҪչʾԼҲһģ㾡ȫǽš
ڼܿԼڵĵص㣬Ϊ֪ԼĸҪߵģȻ
Ҳ͹Ĺбųˡ
˵Զ˻ǼΪĵġ
һ磬ȲؽǸ˳ȥ˵Ǿľˡ
ŵҲǶ֮ãǰǵѡ
ʼǸӵұ룬ԼôãʱһЩ˵ֶΣҲǻ᲻Լ
Ϊ˼Եò꣬ƫ̻ˡ
飬¸ҲΣﻹһЩ뷨ġ
֪ôֱӣȥ壬ó˵Ļôͺܿڲˡ
ʱͲһˣΪĻֱУʱˡ
֮ǰҪ·ǣο˱ûҪЭ
ǲ鷢±ʮСġ
ദʱ͸ˣŲԶľ룬ȴ룬ղܡ
ۿҪҹ޵ش֮Ǿֲͬ
ͨ䣬Ҳɽصͬӽ½硣
Ҳ͸˽ճˣͬʱ¸˷㡣
ΪĻɫ֮ǾͿϢΪɰľ
ҪȻĻʼվǣзŹǵ˼
ʼձţ׻ǻЩķġ
ˣɫҲˣǾȻԺϢɣһӦǣ
飬ֻЦŶŶ˵¸ԯȻӦ
ٳ
¸һ̧֣Ҳԥԯת߽ǵԺ䡣
Ȼȴûע⵽ת߽Ժһ̣ϴŵδЦ⡣
ͷ·ļϾҪóһ
¸ԯԺԺĸڣǽǴ֮ǰⰲŵġ
ԯͷ¸ֻһǽ֮
¸ȻΪˣһҲЩڿʣ֮ʹԼһȡ
Ȼոյ˲ԼĲ豭УһԺʹ˶౦
ˣҪȣ
¸豭һշȻ侲ѯʶ౦
ôˣ𣿡
ʵ¸ԭûжģһ֮ǶûлصԺ䡣
һصԺ֮ȴȵģȻһЩ֡
һ౦˵費ܺȣ͸
һ뻹ûȶ౦ѯʵʱ򣬷¸ֱŸڵԯ䴫ء
䣬ϲȲҪȣ⡣
ǱߵԯҲͷ¸һҪŲʡ
ʵϾǲȣҲûʲôˡ
ǸϽӷ¸Ļɴطȥ౦һֱΪ¸˽
౦ܹŵóжҩζϸһž͸ˡǧҪȣǸɫҪ֣ԲŻ²ߣ
˶ᱦĻ¸һ㶣û뵽Ͽȥôһ¡
ǱѾ𼱻ǵ̶ˣǺԥؽⴺҩȥĻ
һЩȣҩЧˣͻǸɲһĵóˡ
ҲҿжᱦܹŵóˮŲͬĶ
ܹķҪȻµĺ֪
¸ղŶһЩ֣ԯ乲ͬƽ̨
ԯҲ౦Ļ˶üͷ
-

656 粨

Ϊ⸽˿죬ⶥҩҪЧ϶ҲҪһʱ䡣
岢û⸽ǻǻԼԺԯֱӾͳԺ䣬˷¸ߵӡ
һ𣬿ʼ˼ĶԲߡ
¸迴ǰ裬·һֵɽ
ý黹ҪԷ¸˵Լ뷨
ⴺҩ˭µģǲԶĻҲֱҲͽƾͼơȻ˴ҩĻٹһʱ¾Ҫ߹۲ǵˣ֮ǰǱҪٶС
ԯ˷¸ĻȻȻĵ˵ͷҲ֪ӵġ
ǽҪȥǶ˻Ҫϸ˼һ
Ƕܹõڵ壬شʱ˿һЦصȴһ̡
һ뵽˾һ񺮡
ܿ죬¸۵йâתȻ뵽˷ӡ
а취ˣ
ԯ̧ŷ¸迴˹ȥ¸ʱ˿ЦЩϾҪƵóѵĺӡ
⸱ӣԯҲûһЦƺþöй顣
ԴӸŷ¸ɽ絽֮Ҳʱ̡
˺Բ׽飬ȴ˲٣ͷ·Ǻܾöûˡ
¸赹ûʲôԥҲԯϾͶ˵Լļƻ
Ȼ𼱻ǵĸҩҪǺƸĻҲͽƾͼơ
ԯ֪¸ĽƾͼƣԲԼǸӣԾͳεĵȴĻ
ѾˣȻԸҩĻǲҲŪһݴҩȻµĲ
¸Ц˵֮Ϳԯ䣬ԯƺĻ֮˼
ʵҩζģҲҪŷ¸ѯһ¡
Ȼһ̧ۿ¸裬¸ҪԼ˵Щʲô̶˵ԼĴ㡣
֪ҪʲôʵĴ𰸺ܼ򵥡ȻҩĻķֶҲ١Ȼ˵ĻС͵ȥ͵һ²ͺˡ
ԯ֮󣬵˵ͷǽֹ˷¸뷨Ҷ˵֪ˣҲǿŪҩΨһӡĻͲˡңҵȥȥͻء
Ļ¸跴ԵЩɻ
Ȼ֪Ϊп֮ϣԾҪȥ͵ôҩҲ˵õõġ
ȻԯȴܾԼһͬǰȥѡԼһǰ⾿ΪҲö֪
ǳڶԯΣüȻԯԼ˵Ļ˵ܹԼҲͲ׼ټˡ
ЦŶԯ˵ͷĿԯԼӡ
ԯ֮󣬴Źһ̵ʱңǷ¸ȴöꡣ
ȻǳΣԯܹȫˣǾЩǡ
ʱʱ￪ʼⲽΪԯȥôȴδ
ЩֲסҪȥ̽̽ͷʱſ̤һ˫Ь
Ҳ룬ԯ䡣
Ȼ¸̧ͷ˿ȥԯʱ˿Ѿˣվǰ
ǽŲľԼûз֡
֪Ĺ򣬷¸Ҳ˿һܹȫˣҲǡ͡ˡ
ˣ¸ƮƮ־˵ԼĹġ
ԯ˵ͷġšһ¡
¸ĴʯͷҲ˵ء
Ȼ˵ʼʱǾĴ㣬̾νҲǲ˵ġ
񾹣Ȼܹôʱ֮˳Ԥ뵽ĽǾٺò顣
Է¸ȻҲ⣬һǼ԰ȵһˡ
ԭҪǷ´ҩ֮ԺӲ鿴´ҩĺˡ
뵽¸ƺʶʲô̧ͷԯͬһ˵ĴҩýĻʱҶҲӲ
˷¸Ļԯ˫΢Уžͻ³һ䣺֮ȥôãΪȥ·ˡ
ԯ仰䣬¸ʱȻ
ԭԯ仹ƵԺ䣬ٻ˹
ĻǽҲ֪
ȫȻ޺֮ˣҲҪһ½Ҫ顣
һ˵ûֵر󣬵ȴҲԻһ粨
ԭǸ˴ҩӵұȴ˴ҩһỹҪƷƸꡣ
ڶһ磬Ի䶯Է¸ԯ䲻òΪһ׼
-

657 

ԭԼķ׼˯ΪҹʱҲҪѲߣ
һɫģ֪ȻҪʱʱȥĶ򣬵ȴҲȥΪ
Ȼȥ£ֻ£ڴϼ˯֮ʱȴһ󾢷ƿ
͵شӴʱ˯ȫޣŴĿ˹ȥ
Ϊ֪ԼĴصúܽԲǿѨ磬һĿĵġ
ȻһһʹӴⱻ˽
Ƹտʼ˷̬Ϊʲôҩ˵ըҩһࡣ
Ȼ룬̧ͷȥһһֽʯ顣
Խؿ˵ϵһ綫ڷһȷ޶֮
ʯժֽ֮д˶ǲﷸֹ
ôˣֻ˭ķʽԼš
Ҳϸֽϵݣ󻺻ض˳
ʱ̵Ҹϡ塭ٳ
ϵ֮Ʋд󺧣Ҳ֪ʲô
ʵԭٳµĶˣԼȻλȴҲûжⷬ˼
ǰһ׮£ڿ˵ǶԷԼĺӡ㶼ޡ
£ԷҹԼΪ£
һʱ֮Щͷˡ
׼еֽӵһߣϸ˼һԼǷҪǰʱ򣬴ӽһֽš
ɻˣδŵŴ⿴ȥ
Ȼȴ˷Ҳ׽κζ
Ҳûиܵκ˵Ϣɻ
ֻȴûЩǼֽϸжݡ
Ҫ֣¹ԺĶ򡭡
ȻɻĺܣǿȴҲԥˡ
ʵҪλˣĻǺܶġ
£ԷܹԼݣȻʲôҪԼС
˵ԼȥԼĻҲ֪徿Щʲô
ԼߵĺˣԼҲԼΣղǡ
ϸһҲξǸȥǲȥ
ҲͲ˿ԥԭ£׼Ժȥ
ϾѾʱ˵ҲѲԶ
˵󲻴˵СС·̻ЩңԶġ
ҪȥԺ䣬ҪЩų̣׼̳
һ·δأͺҪȥμϲһĻȸԾ
ΪһԤУһȥ϶ʲô·
ţ͸ִ˲ƣˣ޲ֱӾ͵ٳԺ䣬źϸɡ
ٳСˣСˣ
һ߰ţһ߼۶ȥ
ȻȴҲ󲻵ᷢʲô
ܿ͵Ժ֮ڣһƬž
ԭЩƺҲˡ
ﵹûжЩʲôĶڴĺܡ
ٳ֧ЩˣȻʲôҪԼĽֲͣϸ˵ԲŻˡ
ȫûע⵽κԥ˹ȥ
ƿŵʱһ㴼ľζ
ʵԭҪΪ¸ԯ׼ġ
Ϊü˶ҩҪþĶ顣
Ȼȴ룬ԼľﱻԯԼǶ¹Ķҩ
ΪƽﲢȲԵʣԲδ룬ֱŪ˰ѽȥЩ΢
֣ƷûôңƽҪѲŻЩ⣬Ľա
ЩԺֹеľѲЩɻ
ǼɻҲܿͱɢˡ
ҲⲢûʲôˣԼֻҪٹһ̾ͿȥԼǵ˷Ƹˡ
ĻЩ⣬ҲԵʮѵãȻκֵ뷨ЩȻġ
ֹ˴һӵʱ䣬ԼӶѾƮƮˡ
һѾƾЩ΢Եʣûٺȵڶʶȴʱյúܺá
֪ʱϾҪˣŸǶ˴ҩѾܹڲֱŸⲽȥ
֣ôҲЩˡһſȥһֹ
ûǸմ˳ȥûſڣԺžͱƿƵӰԶ
ƴһڴ˴վƺڵȴԼΪԷѰԼģǶ˵ӭȥ
ٳ
ҲѣޱȣǰһӰԼҪ۾һЩգգۣȴЩ
Ŀھ۽֮ʱԷʱȴԷԯ䡣
-

658 

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ʱ˿̾ӶЩҡҡλεĶȥҲϲ徿˭
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659 Ϊ


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660 ûк·

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