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ʱ¸տʼԭɳɹɵףҲûϣһлü
˭֪һۣͷһ߷ߵļȥ
¶飬ôô֪ܵŮˣ
һزȥ߳һɫķչ·
ŮԽԽģԽԽ欣ʱʱĳɤܰĻȥ
Ů׬ԽԽ࣬ϵĿԽԽ١
۳ŽҪ·һὫ˱ǽǣҼ˻ܣ
ŸԽԽõļƷķ°Щ£Щԡ
С糡
Ť֫
ݵ÷
°ͣ
ˣŮһ֡
ŮеСV
Ķָϣ
1˫˫࣬1V1
2ǰܰճڼӵҵ
3

Ԥա׸ӣ飩ղ

˴ӣСѧ߹ӹֱսɳ׵飬һֱ֮ӰͷҵţԴ˼ҵŮ

ԭûϢͻȻϽˣˣ߹ˡͼǿһ·ҡ˽ʿ

׵ˣˣΪˣΪҹ׸ٲˡ



 ׾Ǿǳ˶ݵʯȹµ˲

 ˼˵׾ָָ˧ĲҾ徵򣺾ˡ

˶˵׾Ϲäǰ˫ӲҪƫƫԸ֡

׾֪ϳսȺ壬³ϴ´ӡ

˵ж˫ʺ

Ȼ˲֪ĵطŵҪôĴ⹷ﲻô

׾Ǻǣ

ࣺСɷ׽㣨飩ɶСӣ飩ֲᡷҵ

 1 

ӴɩӣǰǮ˼ҿˣ
ǣǸҵСҪǼҾͿϽǮ˰ɣ
ŮҲȢţµϽ۴ŴΨһأ

ӻججûͷЩ߰Щ۵˭ܲɣô
˶ӷЩԣһͷʱһ壬Ȼһ˵ϣ
˹װ磬ϧͷɢңң¶ʶűؼŴ˿ҵš
Ѫĳ嶯Ŀƣʱһ˧ĲҾ徵˫ĿĴͦıôÿϵƯ۾ŭĿܻ̲סС
ȻǰΪŭΪġ
ʲô
ѵ˵¶˶Էˣ
вǰĴһŭЭȣΪβԼ
գգЩ£ɶԼ
һ㶣ô̫ԣ
Ȼű˴ƿʮĴ̽ͷŹ
һУͷҲڵΣſڵ˱ק˳ȥֱˡ
ͷܿ촫˵ĺЦеЦ˵ʲôҲܲµˡ
²ܽǼɫÿˣöɻ󣬼ȴ衣
һŮڴв֮Ȼ񾹱ƼкˡŵǼﶼǴĳ฾Ʋϯ¶ڴﴫˡ
ңʱգ
æ㶵İϵ·ãѸӿеļ䡣
Ǵˣһ˫зǸƷɼ޸˷ɵֿǿ˷ɵ·
ƷֻɵҲǰ󽫶˴ܳķɳһɶһλĵʱҰܣĸú֮ĸĵʯ׵ķ
ٿһһŭķЩңÿԭû֣ȻǷɶǾˡǣˡ
ɨۼ̲ס̾ʱ򶼺ÿЩôŹô졣
ʱŭѸæҵĴ·
ŴµĹ򽪾첲ۣͦͦƤ水ԭ˵ӦҲǳÿˡ
·һ±ǳ򿿴ӳóһֽӵϣǵЭ飡
ƨɣʱջתȥŭֹḡɺͳ
뵽սסģɫѿǶˣǱϱȢ㱻ǿȣβ
ǰӣЩԭǿˡ
ȻԭҲȷǺˣϵĵиǵҵĵŮֱֻĸļ̱ԭĽѾãʱȥòϧԭûȤԭڼĸͼõ±ȥ˼
ȻԭԭΪܹĽ˵˧ˮԷտԣúҲԣΨǿ¡
ֻȻˣȻΪԼ㣬ûҲûɶ·ǲü
漴뷨㱻ˣһŮߵȥ˵ʱſ·õ·һŮӳҲǳĲȫò˼նܱץõĵطȥ
һزȥ·ʵѵֻܰվȥ˳žȵɶ˲ܴȥ
ײףúһۺĹĳɵ̶ǺһİĹŴȥ
򴽣ЩϧĿۼá˫Ŀ촽˿̽ţʱĿĮ
ĽϢ
֣̾ڳʱڼƺûĳ·
漴չЭ飬ͷдʲôʱǰһ
ЭдˣסڼңڽԸ뿪֮ǰ檻ؽҪľǲǿȼ뼾һԱޣ뼾˺гദ
ܵ˵ЭǳѺãϾԷ˧Ҳûʲô飬һ˷޷á
Э飬ʱڼңѡ
ת˲˾Դ콫ЭЭˡ
üһ˺٣дһ㱣ܾˡ
˸շ¶Լ㱻ǿԽȻûο˵˵ȻȺͺɣĥīдһЭ顣زһ£дҪдġ
վһԿרעЩԭΪηѾĻϧٻԼҲҪ޸ǿˡ
ʵǺÿ
˵רעÿϺÿǳ͸ԡԭдЭƾʹˣ⣬Ȼôھ͵ȲҪǿˣϾͷбء
ЭдִԼӡתͷͶϽü̲ס˿ͼŽԶһЩˣӡ
ͷƯĿ飬̾һ˧вţδĹҶӡãݻ졣
ףűۣƳһ΢΢üЭȡպá
һӣӻСڿĵط˼ͷŴϲ֣ΨûеڶŴ
ýȵİѴóȥǲܵģתϴµˣԱ㡣
ںƽأԴóέϯ¡
ϲδȼղЦǩ˾ЭŮ˱ڴϣ˯ˡ
˯ˣ
Щ㱣侹ֲĽ֮ǰĽڴϵĽĸǶԷĿˡ
ͷ۾ˣȲˡȻЭ飬հɡ
ͷȥİʱİĵطȻ˯ˣĻǴ
Ȼ߹˽Ҳ߹Լ˯ˣҹʱһµʹӴϹˣΪЩ䣬ůʱ̲ס˫˫Ųȥ
ڼĿȻЩڳ˹ףǲϵˡ
һҹʵѰ
ı۾
峿һ۾Ƽ˼ŵһҲ֪Լ˯˲ŵëˡ
ɿվݶǳ˰
һɤ۶ûԼŮ˶֮¾ȻֻδᣬƤ߯ʵ޳ܡ

û˵ͱϣˣ
ͨ죬ʱ˵ˡһ˵Էô죡
⸱飬پȤŤŤѹֺҹѵۣԭǹ˰
Ȼ֪ˣҪĲǡɰͰ͵˵⻰ȥŤŤȥ֫æͳȥˡ
һͦġ
ߵſڵļ͵һЩˤͷϽϷʵ˫ۣһ΢΢ţͷļӰ΢΢ܿԻҵӰ
һЦѽЩˡ
лҪ˵ǰͦǶ~еòٹŶ˶һɧɧ~
ģСɷ׽㣨飩ɶСӣ飩ֲᡷҵЩ꡷

 2 

ڣѾŭǴ֮¡
ЦٵҾĺˡ
ĿüڣæջĿ⣬Լ뿪ߡ
뵽鷳ʱЩͷۣǿ˾ǿ˰ɻȥԳ฾趨ŵʱָָָ㣬ǲ˵ĿֻΪ˵ļˡ
ôͲ֪˨أ
űƿһʮСѾͷƼѾˣͨһ͹ˣӣҴˡ
СŻӶʱԭΨһѾͷӣˡԭСҲΪԭΨһѾߣҪԭĴԭɽֱӷ
ѾͷΣܶĵľ²ܺá
ֻۼӣŮöԷȤ˵ӣǼŮ˵ѾͷˡƷŸʩżͷϣܸȥ
Ṉֶ̀񶾵ŮˣȻֱӸͷ˻ɡ˵ͷ·һϣÿġ
ӣ˸æȥ﷭ңȻ󷭳һᱡõɫխȹ·ϲ죬ܷԭϲܷ¼ݡ
˵ԭϲмƣҲϲɫ·
ӣźŻֵӣҴˮϴ档ԭ뻭ױģ뵽ѾǳҲȣʱ֬ۿûзˮһ˵㰴ס˼ҲֻͿ˻֬
ӣҼͿ֬ĨЩ֣ױˣ
ҡͷˡһ˺ѴѵĵǾˡ
˵ϵͭգڿ
쵰һۣ촽󣬼ѩȻһüЦ˵ʱԵӢʮ㣬ȻЦʱ΢΢һ̬ԾȻֽȻ෴ĸоǵ˾ַзζ
ܺãģֻӶʮصʮ꣬״̬õĲˡ
⣬ôǸ˶
ͲˣӣڣСͲյǲĸһ٣˽ɫΡ
ˡӣ˵괹վһԣԼղð
žԴۣĵͷ
ӣ˲˿
վһȦڵİ裬óҺĽмӵǻӦԭļױ
Ӵ򿪡δУ֪ܵԼжټҵײǡ
ֻǽʧõĳ²ϲ֮⣬ļױ˵ܺᡣѹ׵黭ŶһжƳã߰ûֵǮĶοŶɫ»ǰĶǴġ
֮еҡ
֪ĸǵСʲŮʰױôҲôᡣ
ԭˮصĸ˼ҹױȻ١
ôļױбļױȥˣ
ǺˣҲϲռ˱ˣⲻ˿ռıˡ
ɫƽӣҰӺˣתͷǲҵļױ
ӣҶʱȣ漴Ϊǹˣʱͷļױڹͷ˵ļױҲˡ
ʲôЩˣѲЩóȥģ
˵ͼӣϵıһѾʱһڣ֪ԭǸϲǶˡļ̶ʮҲСˣȻĴ
һ·־ԭԸŻ£ԭ˼ԭŮͲϲμ¡ĸԻҪЮԭΪ˼޸һȾͰѱļױ͸ϡ
ܲģǲģЩױûС
ɫãӣҸϽӣū澡ū澳ȥ̫̫
ҲûڰȥˣԼڴ̾
үһɶ˼ȷɴлǹΪѣ
벻ȻųȥĿһũСԺڵλСԺ᷿ſڣ߸᷿ͼסţһŷ᷿ǼһסһԺӵϱΧͷССжʮֻ
ʱȦԱվһ̫̫һʮߵС˽˹
ƣжϡҲ֪ǰ˲źСãûǡ
СƲҲ˼Ǯɶѽ
˵ˡ̫̫Ȼǳڴ仨ԾԹĿŽͺ񽪾Ǯǵġ
ͷƳڴ仨Цҳ˼Ǯһźÿ𣿡
һͱĲֽģ´˿ŻЦҲĶˣ˵ˣ̫͵Ҳ̲סĿڲ˲ʲô˲ϲ
ڴ仨һ㶣ʱޣһ̧ͷƼڴ仨æܹȥڼվĸ״磬㿴ҳ󡣡
ƳһµĽٿһ۸ǰ޵ǹڴ仨˵ˣ
ڴ仨һͣЦˡ
ڴ仨ǺŤͷˣ̫ҧֲ˵ûھǿӣȻ
˵̫ĿۼһأҪҼҴ仨ãﲻŮ˺ã㼾һӶš
˵⻰̫̫һȥˡ
̫̫ŵĺݻ۾Ŀż˵ʵҲҺÿ
ŤͷȥˣںͷЦŹ۹ãҲôΪġ
ϺͼĶŷ˳۶Ǿޣϵã÷ˣڴ仨Ļϣûһö
ӦһĿԹ뼾үͦ˵ģӡ
ݣ̫ݳƼЦ÷һΧһš
õʣµ࣬Ĳ˳ĵĺϣվϯʣµķˡһھò̫˺ϳԡ
ֻЩϣ̫ŵĸЩ½һ˱ˡ
ʵϲϽͰѼҸ׼ķ˸ӣڽڣȻǼ׼ķ˲ɿڣôʳ
ֻѹûȥԭѾȫ˵һδ¶
ӣҵ֪ڸǰڸǰҲ֪ԼӵƢԣܸ˵ˡ
֪ԶٷҲԱԺþվЦеúˣǼ
˵űͷȥˣӣæӷź򽪾
ȽӰˣղ΢һЩ
ɫû֮ǰôѿˣ̫̲סοҲûɶǲϰ߲ǼȻǾǷޣЩ
ĵӦһҲ֪ûȥ
뵽ǷݾЭֻɣʵܹల¡ֻһҲͰˣΪﻹɩѧһȥռҲνǽֻǺŪļȴҪԿ̱񶾵Ůˡ
˵ƷһֻҪͽϣǾԻԿ̽˵ýӣͻؽҾͱ˻ߺ˭֪ʲôΡ
Щķңݲݵű׼طϰˡ
̫ڴ仨¶ϱһ£պֳڼ˲룬ĪΪӰ˷޸顣
һ٣üͷ΢Ҳ֪ûȥ
ֻˣף˸ˣ˷ʱͼžӹĵʲô
ʱһͷۡ
ԭͭǰԼò˽ŤͷȻһЦ𣿡


 3 

ǹģ˵⻰㻹ⴹһߵĿ
ΪһˣΪǸ˾ӵġ
˾ӶϽСʱͻȻ©һģЩŮ֮ǰβ֪ܵ껹ϵˡ﷽ڴ仨ˡ
ͻȻˣõЦ⣬ɷнµĵͷˣ֮ǰѾϹˡ
˵緹ǰڴ仨ĸŮ¶ˡ
üͷ΢;ͼֳչʱŭǳݵ÷²ľЭˡ
Э飿һЦЭϿд˲ױˣ
ƿĿ⣬δ
Ҽʲôƽ˫ż˫˵ҺĻˣ
֪֪ܣûϵŮ˻ˡļŮλεһǲǺ⡣
һĻҲ˵һǰó鱾ʼϰΡ
Ҫϰˣ㡣
ЦһĪĺãֻû˼ǰӣ·ָӣҰҪĶĵط¼
ǰŵ̫󣬵һĶСǽӶƣ˿˿ƵĽָݡ
ȴȥһҳķҡվֱͷȥ
Ķӣ̲סЦȤġ
һԵӣսսĿ¶Ȥˡ֮ǰûǰǹϲϲȥղܰ˯ټǰǼӡ
ǹԤϵĶˣ˲ѹ˵ô˾㤵Ļ
ӣͻȻɴ۾ѵǹµʰүˣ
үÿ
ȴ֪ӣҵ˼ԹԵ⡣
ջŴ·ɺã
̧ͷƼӣһҺɫȹֵҼɫģ˿˾;Һܿ֡
ӣһ
ͷû̧
ΪΨһޣ½̬ȲãӣҲվڽߵģȻԸˣӣұķôһ·ҳһɫ·
ȻﲻҪ󣬺ôҲܴպˡ
ʣ߿Զ
ӣҵˮ߲ԶϴŶʮء
⵹ðˣǰóֽ׼дųȥϧëôãһȥһ硣
ҲΪԼˣżվſ뼾̫˵ЦݵĹȥɷæ
ƺЩһ˹£
ԾЦУˮǵģ׵С޸ɷӡ
Ǽ̫Ĳ̬࣬˵ģͦ⣬ԼȥɣڼҺúЪգԵĲġ
ףʱĶǾ裬ܾǰЦеŮ˱֮ǰצʱ¡
ֻƲ쳣תݣ˵ܷдţ
ȣдţ˭
Цҡ
Լûʣдϵֽ׽Ϊдˡ˵ʵֽͦŵģúõİֽһ磬ƲдʲôǱˡ
ҼҾãīֽЩƷԼҲҺȥáԿŷ˵ֽʱüͷ
Ƿֽ游˾ˡ
ʼ˵ˣʱд
Դĸȥһʮꡣʮδȥңֵֻж񶾼ĸӣе
ȵȡüĸݡ
Щˣôˣѵǲ񶾣
ͷֽϣʲô񶾼ĸеΪŮдģ漴ֿͷԴĸȥʮδȥ䡣ﾹЩζ
˵׽ֻǸɥĸĸĺӣǼĸϤĽôҲģԶĲ˵ֻҶǽãҲСǰĽȴر
ǰʱֻƵļͲ֪߳ܣȴûĸԴ
ҡҡͷʽĻԭⲻдˡ
˽׼е񸾣֪侹ʧ˱ԣĸʱԾĽ̵Ŷ񶾼ĸĻԣ£ֶ겻
Ѿˣĸ˵֪ͨңջȴδˡ쳣дҲǵѣϲõĸ׼ױҲĸ׼ױ֮֡д游;˾ˣ游;˾ܵһ˳㽫ĸ׼ױغؼҡ
˵İԼжˣëʷܱʼ飬һǳɣҲԭȵӣΪĻ˸Ĺۡ
Ů˶ˣȻ˴ҽױء
־òԣˣֺαڼ˺дţǰΪβд²ϣҵҪؼױɡ
˲²⣬̧ͷӵ۽
ӭĿ⽪ŲңüĪǱ˵ĸжˣ
һȻ˵ı飬⻰ʵ𣿡
ЦЦվڽҵȺ游;˸£ǵľ
һʣæİѱϴŻԭ½˵ʲô治Ļдϡ
ȻҪûԼļױҲòϣʵտҪҰæ
һɾ̹ģ˶Ū֮ģ߽Žһ֮ңʱͻȻôң
ĿͼԶһЩͿǰʱ첲ϡ˵񵱽ǿŮĶ١
ǸŮ
ӣһĻ߼ˣæסԼĺ˼룬ľܳȥŸˡ
ˣڵľͺ͸ˣ֮գ
ðµӦţվֱ壬ԱŲһЦеĿżǲǾò绨ҵľֱͨͨ
ݵĺŭ˵⻰æųȥ
ŸȥڽĽЦˡ
ŵĳȥڽоĶӡΪȷüĶҲֻΪǾӣΪŵˡ
òҪôˣһóʱôӡ
ȥЦ⽫սŷдռų
ӣԭڸϸɻˣæܹȴҼ
ɩڼңЦеĿϣԼŸһЩ
ϲŸͰȥˣҲûˡ
䣬ˣͷҷļҿһֱۣȥˡ
Լ磬һŵӣЩҪҰæͷæһһ𣿡
ȻûвӦˣȥϴֵұǡ
ͣ½Ųڵãȥæȥͱá
㣿ɵĿһУ
һڣʱŮжɶˡ
лҪ˵ֱԶҪв

 4 

ƢٺõҲݲñ˵ԼУˡ
ũÿʱԺżٵʱҲؼҰũ䲻ȼǰǿ׳оٮٮߡ
еͻɲҪ̫ԣֱӾͺˡ
˫ֺڣŽʱ޲ý̻ŮˣԷΪҲͰ˾ʶ֪ġҧβУ
ʵҲǻһ£ϾһɼȻ˼ˣҲٻȥֻҪܽ͵˭ȥСҼķȥŸԳ⡣
ͷЦЦһ
ǶӦһҲûűš
ˮԱߣŴڵĴˮظһЩʮߵĿЩʱҲ͵ˡȥˮ򣬳·ľǱȥ·˸ϳʼǮǮųȥˡ
ˮصʱв磬ǮջȥһִһƲؼȥˡ
ԺؼҵƷȻǺᣬҼҾͲãʱҲûǮֻ㶫ѾտҲ
ƽЩ뵽˺ؼؼ𽪾¶λش𡣱ϾͽǷޣ˲֪ǵЭ飬Ȼǿһ塣ؼǽңʮ겻ҲʹŮˡ
ڴǸ˶ӴȻ١
ıǽŮǾɫˣֻǽǲݰɶᣬΪ˿̱񶾣֣ȴ黭ͨǸɶõĲŮ˳޵ĺù
䲻֮ˣô޸ȴ޷ͻʵ˶Է̱񶾵ò֪Ҳ֡
ʵҲǱͬƭȥ˭뵽һŮӾֱ˵Ϻ硣ʱͲͬˣƺҲϴˡ
ͬʲô˼Ҳܲ³һպ㶨ȻУҪȴǽ⡣
Լû뵽ȻһΪǸŮ˾ᡣ
ǽ֮ǰܻʵʵ˵˵Ļںؼǰ̳¿֮ȴڲ뽪ʱǲҲǵѡ
ɺ֮˱п֮ȻѾȢоЭֻޣҲǰ˵ĻսԸ뿪Ҳü޸˼ңܺùŻٹõӣҲȫǷһˡ
šŷ˵ݣŷһСܽԺȥˡ
ؼҸլˮƶС˵ȻȺʱԼҲ̲סƣ˼ҵŮôͼ˽ˣŮȥŮŲʡ
ԭĴǽ͵ߣ˭ŷѹû˵ʲôֱӰܽȥˡ
ûãԺﴫٵĽŲһɫͷڽӿ첽ͷһŮӻүЩߣȵ
һ㶣²ǽľ˸ӷˡ
ֻǺӴʱ뼾ȴвͬ˵λͣ´ϲƷŻ󡣵ǰĺȴֻɫ˿ȥ̻ˡ
Ǿķ
ĹѾ󲽵˸ǰ´һĵͷĲ
Լջ֮ǰۣ뽪ˣȿǹ˳һ񣬡С˸
үͷϽϵǰƼʱҲǰһʺӣǾǺӵɷ򣿡
ҲϱְһҾ˵𣬾ôÿĺԺɷ϶Ҳúÿģ˵˰ɣ
ۣŮҼҾأ
̬ɻĻصڼҽղҲǵйһš
˵˳ݸӡ
ֽӹֱӴˡŲдʲôҲһӿŵʱ˼Է
ɨһ۶ߵҾ˵ûȻ
͵Ҳλʩһ͵ȸˡ
ӱȥȻŮ˸ճףҲΪķûд˸ϳȥ
ͲԸ뽪йཻʱοϴӦľܾںӿ¶˸ͽȥˡ
һ¡סԵƬ̡
˵ִæȥŪһЩƷϣĸһƬ⡣
ӺϴЦȥ뾸˵ȻǸǰˣǵȻܲܣһ罪ſڼ
˵һ˿ɱ̲ס潪ĵĬ֡
˵ҲȤţ˵ţֻ˵ֲ˾գøС
ٿľĸƺҲôΪʲôЩûϵأ
źؼҵźؼҵĺ˼ҡ
˼ҵʱʱ磬ؼҳ͵۽ȷǱ֮ͻȥˡ
֪˳żлɵĲ
ֵ׶۶Ķʵô
ôŰ˵Ȼ˸Ҫĸ׵ļױӦҵϻҲɡ
ԭмأԺ¶ѹܡļױʣ¶پͲ˵ˡ
ȻĻ۶õԽԽãʱòǽ󴨾֪ϱʲôʱǷ²̨źá
֪ûģ뵽Ǽĸɳиɵĺ¶ӵ½յľ漾ͲͬԷˡ
۶ĶӣҵԵõȫȥʣµĲȥɩЩ·
дʱʵҲò׼ҵ̬ȣһԭδϵؼңⱲʮմȻҲ֪ؼҵˡؼҸ˻ţ˲²⣬˵ʮ겻ԭģ³ɼϵؼˣؼҲøӼƽϣŵöϧ
ЩԶǺ£¶һְաȻĸ;˾˶¶ӣҲһ֮ɡ
õĻ֮ͳСˣ׬ǮɶҲбǮˡ
о
̲סٺЦЦʰӣҾ㤵Ŀһ۸ϽŶܳȥˡ
ڼҲһɵĿܾŮڱʲôˡ
ɲʲôģֺǺǵڴϵ治Ǻޣ˵֮ҾǮˣҳĶðҪٿǿǣ
ͷӣŵòҽǰˣ＾һȻ˵ı鿴˵Ůô׷ŹƣŹһҹͷˡ
ӻкã
лҪ˵ӣղۺò~

 5 

ʵͼü⸱ģ̲סһ¡˵ڨڨջأջء
һɫľǩµľЭ飬ϣҶܹúء
ĵӦˣɣû浶ʵǹô㣬Ҳô°ɣ
ỹãһ˵üʱ
ɫѿֱҲˣžͳȥˣڴȥ϶÷ˣŮ̫ˡ
ͷϻЦһ䣬ĸʵʵ˵ڷܹȥͼҴҵĳȥˡ
Сڿ黹̲סЦЦſţãҡ
ţɩʲô𣿡
ﱧźؼҸĲƥЦⲼϲŸѰɣҺѰôϸӵġ
ɩؿЩϰˣҲЩЩŸѾǡ޽Ǿһˣ˵ûּңɩҲǸˣűˡ
ϲ˼ҪҲһһ
ЦŵͷУͰɩ˵
Ϻͼ̫ӶôҪڼסһʱ䣬ϵȻҪˡ
һȥأһֱ˰Ÿһŵʱһ۶Ͽˡ
˻Ϊ˿ڽǣ½ӡһֱջŵ¶û⵽˵̬ȡ
󽪾طЪţҲ׷ϯʰӵˢɡ
̫еݣʵϱˣ
ʱһݣΪڼҵ罪ʲôæʵʲô
һûš̫ǰ˴£Ѿ޵ˣͺúùӣҲûɶ۶˵ǰϹġ
ôϹʹֶαͷ¶ȴʵ߾Ĺ۲죬Ҳֽȷ֮ûл¶д⻰Ȼǲġ
ֻ
̫֪⣬ֻһСҼҵģҲ󣬼ֺãۼǵͼˣǷޣ˲Ҳ˺ģڼҶ𣿡
ĵȰ˵һ꣬ϲԣֻӦˡ
ݳʱһĿѾˣ᷿ŵƣһĿ˵˵ЦЦžܰһ᷿Ҳŵƣ뵽ﲻƵŮˣһġ
ҲԺһޣҧں㲻òŽȥˡ
ӣԭ޲ͷƼ㸣˸תͷš
ϴ裬ͷʪţԭӣڲģӣ˽ֻԼ޲
ʱŮͷֶ࣬Ũܵĺڷȷÿϴͷʱȴֻʣķˡ
ۼܰæ𣿡
һ۾Ů˴⣬붼ܾɺͳ
˵ȴȥͷ跿ϴȥˡ
ЦһϹŶ
һ۳ȥʱ򽪾ǲ
ͷҲʪģҪҲҸ
ãֱӲˡ
Ͳڴߵͷ˵ʱģСִӡڼоЩˣ̲ס˵Ҫٳ
ҳĸתˣԭɤԭͺã뽿ͽóƫƫĸתһǵĹļ޲ö϶䡣
ڽͷܿˣ㲻ˣ͵͵˿
ķӦֻûƼͷһ£׼ȥ˯ˣʱͷʪģĲ̲ס̾Ǹÿ˰
ͷһ˿ʱǸ䲻ַĽϢͷɢʱȴ࣬ýѵһ¡
ע⵽Ŀ⣬ֱվέϯ̵Ȼ󽫱̺á⣬έϯĵطȷӴϹҲ
üʲôû˵תͷϴ˯
˯һ̹ȻҲ˿ͷҹɫѾˣû˯ãҹ˯Ⱦ˰ɡ
ϧҹʱͻȻˣŴ¹⼾ɨһ۴Ȼ˯û˯Ů˫Ѿڴ£ԴôڴϣֻҪٷһ¾Ծ͵ˡ
۲ȥ˫۵ĽѾȴƺħһͻȻǰȻ۵˫һۣòϣĽźܰ׺ܺÿ
ӣӣ
Ůӵ˫ܱ˿ȥҲͽЩ˯ʱ򲻿ϴˡֻ˯ǰҸűıӣ˯Ļ뵽Լʲôԡ
ĹͻȻ죬תͷȥƼ˶ƺҪ
ҲͰˣƼЩ̿ĵ£ŲھҪҪƵȥ
ʱ򽪾ȻˣĶᵽɤˣȴƼһ·ȥˡ
ɲ˿صέϯ£ЩȻʧ
Ȼǰû˯ž
ûûϢķǳã𴲺ѵüέϯû뵽ҪȥҼһħ֣ˬ˯ĺãվ񱶰ųȥʱȴϺͼ̫ˡ
򴽳ЦЦýֲõԤУѲǾ»Сڵĺ˲ˣ
ڨЦһ£ӣҴˮźϴʱŹźȦ
֪ǲĴýռЩãʲôԲһ
ģ룬ǸŮҲǲ²͸Ŵ˵˼
ע⵽Ŀ⣬ʱ£ڵĽƿҲȥϴˡ
緹ӣҸѡ·֬۸Լһųױݣ׼š
֮ȻҪƷ̫ЩǱũżСŸԣһЩ𽪼ǾͲԶˡοΪȢ޼ǮɢĲˣŵƷղȫ
ռ̫㷢һ绹ӲͷƤӸȥƣģ˽Һǲǲӣֻޡ
˼ҾóȻǿ֮ĩˡ
Ȼش𣬾ͼ鷳ﲻм𣬼ϼ˼˼ͳˡ
̫ɲɣǼҲϲܶ
ҵǮЩ
ǡ̫ԥܹ鲻ÿ
ЦЦû˵ʹɫͳȥˡ
Ǯţ򻹲㡣Ҳˣ̫Ȼ¸ˣҲ֪ô¶ϱױ²ҲûϱļױֵΪҵöϱϲÿŽ߾ȫȥ¡
ףҲס
ԼǮĬĸӣҳš
ֱС·̲ס²ˣôǸС㣬޸ֻһҲͰˣôûҪһ¿أ
̲סͺ졣
üһû˵
ӣĵĴչСʱ˵˹үҪ͹үͬʹŲҪ𣿡
ʱԿۣҲǣûУϹ˵Ҳˣ


 6 

ӴŴ嵽ʵֻأ벻Զֻϰ˳ſէȻҪ˫·治ϰߡ
һҵСٲóҲţԭΪôЦɷ㳵
Ҫǻؼʱ̱Ѿ߸ˣǻԭ˵Ҳö
һҾ˵˵
ӣ˿漴ЦҪҪպү˵˵үҪӿ϶ӦġϣϽñ̫̫ܿУ˵ʱùүҲڳ
СܴĿӣң˼
üŮڸǰҪ󴨱ض˼ܾ˵ĸҲΪ۹ŮҪӡ
ˣȻҲˣ̲ס۽׾ﵹֶ˼ֲ²⡣ڽҵӲ֮ǰáдĶ񶾼ĸеҲˡ
ԭǸˣ˹ŴҲ뾡ԼȻȻҪһˡ
С˼ȴû룬ֻŮڽյĽҲᰲ
˽һʱŵϡȽϸֱӿ˲٣ֻʱ缸ûʲôˡ
ԶԶƼ˴һָָ㡣
ָָЩڣȥ
˵󲽳ȥˣƺ뽪롣üƾͳˡ
ˡ
ܲµ·ϵΪζָָ㡣
ΪһƷԭǷǳģǰЩ콪Ϊ˼޸һ϶ӡ͸ˡ
ǻöûɶоͿ£˵˵£ֻҪϹǰʹ죬ô
˾ָһ⣬һĳ
ԥҪҪ뽪վһһͷ滹Žʮ˵ļҶһӡüͷһͻȻֲĸо
üͷһѵˣ̣ϲ
ý۾ˣûʲôȴȹָ˸˵ˣүǰġ
Ȼеͣ£ӻδƿһĺҵľС
ǳ˳飬ֻ磿
ӦӱƿһʮŮ̽ͷĿѲһȦڽϣϲĸѽ
˵ϷɿĴſֱ۾ͰѽССĸζĺţѽ׸ᡣ
ˣպĸǶϺҲˡֻǺһװϹѺϽۣһýúӰѺؼҵļҵȫˡ
ռǼӷ޵ģϵķӦܽܵˣɿʱ̲ס˳飬һɫ˵һװ׵ıװ硣
λҲ·ǷƼأŽ˵Щ
ӵ¶Ҷ֪ͨǣֱдҺ游ȥʰ顣
һ游æʣ游Ҳˣ
ˣˡæÿλãſһʮһõںͷϡ
Ϊȴүϳ飬ˣÿÿ
˵źүŴǰۿˣ游
游СĸӴүŽһװ绹ݵۻˣǹȻҼҾҲöĹȡ
쳣УΪ˸еۡ
ɺؼҶԽ̬ԽãԽƣ˵ؼҵǽﲻġɺؼôƾŮڽܿأ
游ҷôǵݣߴĸүܡ
óФƺүүҲǽ´һһ޶Ļش𣬡ĲϾ
˵ֵ˵ԼȡģҾ˵ǹ㲻ãҷһԼ³߯˵
Це游˵Ķԡ
̲סƳһۣǿݣ˵ĿǶһζ̲סͬˡ
Ȼһ̼ͬԼˡ
үüͷһ壬ż˵ԭȲȢ
ͷʼð⻰ôش˵ʵǱɵģ˵ѹȢĿɨүϵĹȣҪ˵һ⣬Ⱦ䵽ˡ
һʱ伾ѡ
̲סƳ۽ϣǺķܹˮ𡣿ɽƼĿˣȴŤͷȥװɵ
Ҫˡ
ۿҪ̣æԺү游Ϲ˵ҺͷɲŮò֮ϣĸȱ۶ĴȢѽ԰ɣ
˵ĿɨЦУеϷʶʢˡ
ƫƫֻܷűӵ˵ͷ
游ʵĶˡ
Ӻĺ߸ɶѽүȻ˵ȴƽ˲١
ֺǺǵߣ˵ȥ
һϲˣļױӴʵ֮ǰұɱЩûܼ޸磬Ϊ˼޸Զļױˣ¶ҵ֪Ҳûд飬Ҫ𣿡
ܣϡӺɣŮĻԽý󴨲ǶǸ񶾵ļĸˡ
һȥˣˣǸòȵݸӺ׼׼ӭǣ
Ӱ֣ɱأãʹǸֲ
û˵ƽԭӭ¹үŵġ
үȥ˺ͷǰͷ˵ʮ顣ϱȽʮ꣬˵ǿźϳġɺӺֽ˸ңҺӶˣӱԽԽ档ҲͺؼˣﲻѹǼٵġ
Ҳϵ̸Ͷӣҵ׻еõһЩϢ
ʱԭ꣬ôСĸּʲô͸ʲôǽͺؼһֱϵôҵļҲ˵Ҳ䵽ܵֵＸĿ϶ʣµġ
ôܰأ
ؼҵĶϲ֣ҵĶҪ߬ȴסȰϣΨǴӣýɫͷ˶ʧӳɼҵʱѶƭǲͳˣ
úؼ뽪ҶϵȻǽԼϵ˵ЩĻºؼҲûȥܣֲû˼µĻ
ϴһֺ̣ƻҲɹˣ׵ܽճɹıˣؼҶϾҲɹĶǽʧתӱԺ
ֻϧԭˣˡȻԭǺöɾԭǵĴСûӹһõ뷨
ĵòĴ
Ӿô󣬺ܿ쵽˽ſڡ
ȻȺؼңҲռһլӣһͣʮ׳ļҶһǰѽҵŷһ
ҲˡЦеȥͨһһˡ
ŷʱһǹ˵ʱʹһѾͷĹôô
ŷϵˣһæԺܣܱߺˣ˴!
Ƴ˽ͺͷһۣŷҲ
лҪ˵ô

 7 

ڷں׹ŮɺڼԴ£ͷŷжʱһʲôأú˵
˴ŷĽȥֵ̫̫ʹүŶʮ׳ˣŹӣɷġ
ŷ˵ĺˣϲ֣Խ˽ǴһٸҲҸϵģ˭ǽءڵأֱӽˣȥɣء
ŷҡͷɣЩһǺؼҵ˰
ؼңϵĸؼң
ͻȻֲõԤУ룬ʲôرĵط
ŷһԴ
ˡһƨڵϣ˲ˣǺؼˣ
ȥɺǴݣϵαģؼûֻǴɡʲô֪ʱҺ˵˵ֻҪվǾʲô¡ؼҲҲǽŪߵģ
ɺ⻰񣬡԰ʲôޣؼҲǰ޵ңټҴҵҲܲǽͷԼʲôµġߣôܲȥƣһ𡣡
ɺЦ˵ĶԣĻˣؼߵһؾߵڶأõġ
˵⻰ţȥ뽪һȥ鷿н󴨽˳
ԭûѽŵ¶ؼ˵ʱʱˣ᲻ûԸʦˣˡ
һ뵽ǰ˵󴨾еۡ
תתûȥôǲͷϰ
ȿ˵󴨺ôסˣæ޶Сæſȥˡ
ſڽԾվԭأǲȥ
ЦʲôˣҵͶ񶾼ĸѵóӭӳ
ֱŮ˽Ҫ飬ףտҪϣ
ȻΪ⣬ؼʱҪ
Ǻպαء
˵ˣҪеվҲúõĵֻŲ˭ܵﵱƷ
԰ҳĲ𣿡⼷˼ֻۣҪԸ⣬㰡
ŭݵĺ
˵ıˣٺЦЦûټˣ˲ã˵Ļأ͵ĹŴˡ
ûãԺﴫŲһͷֱ⼷۾쿴ĴĻڵ˴źӳˡ
£ͷǽеˡ
󴨺ôҲǵСҲû˭Ψ˺ү
˸ƹһǻͽ˳ɣСТ
˵ֶնյӾͳſڳ˹ûүӰͣסɣ
ĸŮƼſڵ̶ʱһĵáƣݵģѰġĸŮһۣĿڽϡ
ϸʹɫ۾ˣ
һ뷢󴨵˵
ǳϴδй϶ʱƤͨ졣
ЦеĺȻҲȽ󴨷Ӧתͷͼȥͷү
𿴺үŹȾΪӲãʵӹӲʵĺܡ˵ģƽʱùȣֻʰ󴨣ó˵
Ժؼ˵ѾûɶָˣֻװģĽү˳
үһӷҲˡһأ󴨵ȶӶ˶һ˾͹Ѹˣһӣҩ裡
󴨰үĿڡ
æȵĹɡ
ž
Ⱦ׼ڽϡ
󴨰һʱ۳亹ɽ󴨶ԺүηˣԾɴЦɣ룬ǰ˵һҺñϺþƺòд
үһԺӣЦӵ˽š
⸱ϵܲÿ꽪󴨾ȥʮ껹⸱ϲ̨ӡѹ˿һ񶼲𾪵ǽȻûǰһȵĺ
ȻǲŮģܵùȥɽתﲻãƤˣЦʱе}ûš
ֵСС׷Ϻү϶Цɿݣ۽յúúúһ
үڴͻֱףһﻹˣ
Ȼ󴨾ڲֻ˵ʮСҲǹⲻȥ˼ңʵ岻а
ĽҲͽܹ˵ĳˣүĵһҲûŮûˣֱӰҽӻ󴨴һ٣ҲҪšͽ˻ȥҲġ
үֺһŮôǵϢ
˰ֱԩȻϣǵĶԲ
ϵʱһףû뵽ؼֱӽ¶ͱ˳
һϵɫ֪϶ûͳȥŪ󴨣˵游ȷϸؼҵģ˭ȥ͵һ˽ʾ֪ˣ˵мʲôᡣ
ͷһŮô˵ʱһϲԣϣȥӵ˽
﷢࣬ͷ亹ˣѹûؼ˭ȥ
վﲻ˻ʲô׵ģҲعζˣ־һƣĺ£
ɺסϣָŽﲻȥͣǴȥ͵ġ
ɲԭ˵û˵ԩˣֱۿһ죬ۿתˣҡ游ˣôܻ᲻ء
Žɺǲţʹļ׵ãҴӵĺãȻ˵ҡЩΪβؼϵѵ˵ºؼңΪǲŶ˵˼ȥϵ̫ʧˣ
ɺϣ
лҪ˵Ϊʮѧ䲻ϣҸĸʱˣ쿪ʼ£ôôž
ǰ

 8 

ϺͽɺӡԴ̱޴Ҫܿ׾ڻҡ˿̽Ļȴ統ͷȣĲᡣ
ǽĿǰҲ٣Ĺһˣ
ֻʽǿүͶԽϧѣĻʱֳ˽һȣ㻹ʲôҪ˵Ҿ֪һûöúõĺô˵ǶϾϵͶϾϵˣԭǽ̵ģСӼҼҵģ˵ʲôʲôǾ˵Ķ񶾣
үĻһûϺܲÿȥԼΪжʧְȫ˦ͷϣ۵ҪĲУһơ
ɲǼ䣬ϵ˫նŲҼˡ
ȤŸտʼϾ⸱ˣǺͷҪױʱզ죿
ϲǺˣҲСôԼŮˣ˵ʹȫ档˵мŮ䣬ֻǸǼŮˡ
źүĸ첲游֪ж;˸ĸһֱ˴Ŵ嶼ûƼǣĻŰǿ׵ˣǽˡ
úӣ游ڣ˭۸ǡү򽪴󴨣ȶֳ˳顣
󴨵ϣϽԸðϯ
ǣүȫҷԾȥðϯ
áүǽҲϯģмҪ죬Ǿߡ
Цɣ˵
үܿţļױһֱڽңΪ˵ʱᱻߣû뵽ǾȻļױԽȡܿױġ
ѽ󴨾ԩˣ¶ֳױ¶￩һ£ϣ㲻˵ܿļױ𣿡
Ͼҩ裬һ¶ôȫͱˡ뷴Щױڿⷿһ֪ˡ
ôԲȥɺԩﰡǰͷĸӣٳʱǴܣ㽫ױиƹܸмôꡣҴȢ޻ÿȫ
˵ŽɺίͰ͵ĿŽ㣬ǰи¶ھˣ
ҲҪ㡣
ͻȻһ깫ѼɤӲ廰ɺһ˼ýձ˵շۣɵļױ͸ǽģӺɷ򣬳Եľ͹ˡܸŮ
ƳжܵܣĻ⼫ˣ΢΢̾˿˵ǶúԻҪЮңܴӦһټģԭɲŮò£ȴûҪЮֻ֮Ӧˡ游ĸףﲻˣҪؼױѵӦ𣿡
첲ÿɷʲôŮ˿оʹĸ֪֮ô¶
ؼ˲룬ֻôίۻˣһһĸζӵ۵ղ˵ûõģ󴨣ֻ˵ױ㽻ǲ
ϹҲסЦȻǽġ
ҿؼҵӼױҪȥ϶ҲӣһαΪ¶˺ؼҵĲ졣ؼڸԽԽ˵ȥˣմմء
Ӧˣȴˣү⡢ôԣӻûء
졣󴨺ǳҽѵŮ˵ļױȢޣϽⷿһ½ӡ
Ѱķңɺ˵ҲΪˣȻӦ˺ؼΪ϶Ҳɣһˡ
ɺƳ۽ȵĿϸǰôù졣Ŀɨɺʱǰһ֮ǰֻΪСӣЩû뵽˺ÿǱ˽ݰˡ
Դ˻һֱ⣬һ²ؼģ˵̸һԡֻװģʱƳۣ¶ԽּһϷ
ӴȡױӵױҴˣǾͿʼɣ˴Ķ࣬Ҳõߡ
ڨЦǾߡ
ȶˣнѹţֻҧ˿ⷿٵĶϾˡ
ϼʱؼҼҵ񣬺ؼֻһŮԼʱױհؼҡǵˮ¿Ҳ˺ϣͲθǲ١
ױӽû˳źĿƳһ۵ʱͻȻԼҪ
ؼҶԹŮʵ̫ãһǧ֮ޣỹ׬Ǯӣһ⣬һ֬⡣
ô׬Ǯˣ
ʼһ԰ɡ
󴨵ͷϵȥӵĵ˱ȡ
۵ĶҪչȥˣɳؼҴ˲òűӰ˱ֻ˱ǵĻңֱ߰ЩʲôȵȣΪʲôֻвׯĵ̵֬أ
սսҡҲ֪
ʲô֪Ǵһ֪ô¡
Ҳú游ڽҶģǿ϶ǽ˶ģļױƹܣôÿӵļֵٵϾˡ
һ⻰ؼͷȴһζʱȥһ֬һȷ˼ǮʮҲСĿˣټϱǮ϶ʱú٣룬ҪιȥǲǾˣ
ȻҪ㲻Ĺȥ˳ǧΣ˭ҪǮȥ
㣬ô˵ءɺ˵ЩûйҲпͣˣҲǵ֮
һ𾪣ԭЩǵǵһΪǵǣû뵽Ȼǳѽ
һ̲סЦ˳
˶˹̵Ǽ


 9 

ǿˣҺͺؼҵ¶һʺͿˣϷӵȷǺˣɽҵĳҲȷѿΪҵŮֺͽЭǰĳʵͦΣһò͵׼ȻȻӣҪæʱҲԹۡ
ֻпؼΪɽ񽪴ֺ̬֮ܵͣǰĵȻǶˡ
ֳõձһ£ת˲ֱ÷ǳá
ؼߣ󴨶ˣýա
ֻнȫ̿ϷϵʵڲֻԭɵģűˣתǸԡΪȻĺүȻ
߳ŭҽϹۣ
ֻŮ𣿡үЦһ˵ȫ֪飿
һ£ڨЦСĲ֪飬ģڽҶģȻҲϡ
үۻˣҲĽڲ
죡󴨱ֵҲ۵ÿ¼ˣؼԽҵȴǰֻŵӸûг·ǰͺؼûϵҲͰˣлϵϣ˵ʲôҲܴ
¶ǵĲǣǺؼҵҽҵĲʹ˼ױֵȥǽҲҪꡣ
󴨽ĺףֲϵĺ˽ճѪ׼˵Ǯ⡣
˵ʹɫȥ˵ûЩױŮʱҪȴܵؼҡ
󴨴ĺ⣬ȻҲøТ游Ȼ˵ˣһ±Ǯ٣Щ٣۸ҵĨȥͷզ
ǳ˳飬Ĩͷͷżӡ
Сүʹɫ㡣
һкؼ˸ӵһ̣ӽӹž
ֳĿⶼںϵϣǰѽ̣Ϲ˹ۡ
Ϻ޺޵ؼڸǮȻΪӬͷС鷳ʵС
ϧ⻰Ҵ˵ֻ︹̡ĿԹеɻҲԽԽźؼ˵ĹСʽô£
գգۣҾŰ游һңѵ游ң
СǵҪױΪôˣ
ˣ뷴ֵĺؼٹҲ磬ܼˡ
ûһӽһͣˡ
ϵĶʱᵽɤֻۣǵڴǴ󻧣ںؼǰһؼʨӴ󿪿ڣǿô졣
һֻ֬С⡣Ǯ˶һô˵ҲжʮʮʮǶʮܹİʮ
һİʮĶˡ⻹СĿôȥ
һҲǺһͣöӲܴ
üԸ
Щѿ˸硭
ӴȲ˵
ӵ¶Щˣ˭֪ôûжĶ
ɺȫĻᣬֱȥռױȥ㣬ȫһжôսս
Ƴһ۽ֻŮĶ췢ˣΪɶ϶Ϊ˼ֵӡ
ʱͨũһ궼ʮӣͨ˼һ꼸ʮˡ
½ĵ˼ңϼĶأһնӣ
ҲѹֽĶؼҪؼױˡ
Ϻͽʹ޷ؼ˶ҲǳѸ٣ʱĹ㽫ױӶһ顣
ģױϵĶܶ඼ûˣ׵ȥˣڳ˶ɵӡٲҲᶯǰ޵ļױΪʮƹˣȻǱ̰ȥ
󴨶ͷֱҲˣֱӶţһϵĲϽ˳ȥЩˣȫҲ
һΣЩǶҲͰˣЩǮѾˣȥ
ȥ󴨷ŭǿʹɺȥöˡ
̫ߵ˸ȥˡûã˻ˣҲ١ɫѾѿˣǰʵ֪һ㣬ΪûôĵӣڿϵĵӱдĶˡ
ȻϰĶȻױϵԾ˲١
ܹǼһأļױڽҲͰˣȱ˵ЩȥˣӵǮȥˣڽ𣿡
һѣ󴨶ʱϵЩӿɲԽԽãСǿɹƭǮڿǻĺϵļױ
ƫƫүһ˵ߣҵʱͦݳĲڵĵԣ˵
˵ɶүҲ湻ġ󴨵곤ĵȷҲ˵ȻҲܰѺؼҵĹŮƭֻ֡񽪴ֳ⸱ģŮ˵Ǽٵġ
һͻһͻģָϵȱ˵ǮϽϡ
ϵЩǮʲôǹԼˣ»ðǮϲС
ȱ˵ĶǮ١˵žһ㣬˵Ĩͷʮ̵֬һ߰ӡ
󴨲³һѪҵļҵŶ٣ؼҾҪ߰ӡ
үһƣ㣬æء
ʹĵָϵϽó
ûûˡϴãôǮóҶԪˣҺϼ޵Ҳ㽪ҵˣױôˡ
۳ŽҪ𣬱㿪ʼޣЩү̧һһСĸûǮԺĸûǮ˵ֻЩ껨ˣôǮǻļױǻ˵ģҪǮҪȥ
ϵһҷǻѵ˼ǲҪЩǮǽܾܺͽûϵˣ
̾˿ڱˣקһ±ƵĽձʹհƼϵĿ¶ˣǽڽҳԵĶ˰۵ÿҲǿ
ϴ˴˼˵ǺϵļױڽҺòã


 10 

ķζʵ̫ԣҲعζˡ
ؼΪôʱ˵ûؼӣʮؼûԺؼҶԽܵķҲʡǽ˵ǺؼҲ֪ûѺϵļױý¶
Ժ֮ܿܽͷĹŮϺؼһϷĿľûغܿļױ
ٿʱоʹӣǰúܿһԶŮѧΪ˽̱һûǵĶŮʵڲ̫Զ
¶ȴýͷһݣԭŮĻ
ֻĻʲôͷˣЩջǽԼǰ˵Ҫױܲ
οźؼȽҵӡ
˵㻹ǲҪĺáɫһ򽪾ʱ˾档
ĸ˸ӣ˵ǣ˵ĻǣǽܣȻҪ͡ǲͣʵ¶ﵱױǷ񣬵۽ҲҪǴȥҾùȥ˵ļױӣͷ˸ô˵ǽҡ
˶٣ϵʲôҶ֪⼸ҵӹԽԽã˵ɱȵǮƾǼȻƶǮ𣿵ŮҲΪ˽ҵ밡
˵ôࡣү˫ĿɨϺͽ󴨣ֻ۲ôģֻױڽûٵľ͹ˡǲϲϣұżױȥٸ̫ү
µľæģġ
ǧ˰ӵȷý˽ǣϾŲȥǮǱϻ˾ǸңȥҪҲҪױ¶úؼֵȥʧĻǽҡ
˵˾ǵضĵɺؼҲеأھҲҵԽԽ̫үǿǿǮ¶ˣؼø̳ǽģǽʲôƴ
ϺԽԽ࣬ĿϵǾͻȥҽҲҪĶ
үϵְף⻰ʱ󾪣ǰû˵ػ˵ȥȴͷһ⣬ɼˡ
ɺ֪ѪǳˣϡסŭطǮ汻ǲʲôûˣҿҲкӹ
߰ӰɲһСĿỹǼҲׯׯÿǲء
үȻҲˣЩׯȻǵ߰㣬ҲƽˣֻЩǮǣ߰һӶҲˡ
԰вׯ
϶ʱһͣһѪ
ڲׯϲûҶһϻͬ߰Ʊóʱ򲻹ĶڵѪˡ
󴨺޺޵Ŀ۽һỹðǮҪȻҽ궼ʡԼˡ
ӭĿЦелŮ
󴨳˳ʵڱﲻЦ
һԺӽǮȫŻϻʱԼҪ
һǧѹ׵ģ̺߰֬ͼױģвׯҲ߰˰
ѹֽ⸱ģŰѽСҲó˰ɡ
ָоˬ
۾ðˣֱӰѺЩˣȢ޿Ů˿ľǼױˣû˼ױ
лл˸Ҳûǫ飬ӹϻЦеźӣҾ֪ϾͺؼҴˡ
⻰ЩŤЩίˣ
ﲻ֪ǵĿģֻ֪ҲǸ˵ģþһ˫ŮǽжǲģɽһŮ޼ûױȻС
ԭҪһЩױģŽӾҪµַҲһˣûٶҪ
ߣǳȥȥүԸڽҶױ׼뿪ˡ
ɺòһΣڽҳһΣ󴨻ͺؼҴùϵųأĿô׵Ľ˷ߡ
ɺүȻӣһ³˽ҵķߡ
ǸĿŽ󴨵ԭŮǰТŮ游ȥˡ
ӦһĿϻһۡ
ȻҲųؼҵļҶ̧źܿʣļױȥ峵ֱӷŵ峵׼ͻȥˡ
ĶԺү游絽
үһҲУܵÿŮסĵطɡ
һȥͼںͷϡŽ̵İƱһ飬Ƕʱ˳顣
˵£ｪҲ˲ˡһլӲһٶһĽòżʮЩǮ㹻һСʮˡ
ע⵽Ŀ⣬ôڿǮˣҪҪһ¸һ죿㰡
ͷһô˵ˣһεʱڶεʱ򻹲ˣ˵εʱֻУͽ˵ˡ
Ŵʮ·λ˰ʱҲ͵˴Ŵ塣
ŴĴⱲӼǮ˾Ͳ࣬ǰ켾Ȣ޵ʱʶһأû뵽СڻظŻȻôų
üһĴͷ峵źöණҪǻжʮżҶžɡ
Ŵˣ˽ЩӾˣ̻Ϊ̫үѲءû뵽սһȻǣͷдŴĺ֣һɲǼҵĶСӡ
˾ͣӺʹŲ˵񻹿͵ңƣȳջ˵ҾպأѲǺؼˣ
ؼҵĵڴ޴粨̫Ϣæӭ˳ֶ֪ķˣס׼档
ϣôүһ̫֪̫̫Ǹʵˣ̬ȱڽҵʱ˲һǰ㡣
ȻһүؼԺӣʱüԺҲ̫˰ɡ
ҼҾסլ̫ί˰ӣҳǮ۸һСԺסΣ


 11 

үƴ˵⻰ֻչԼŮɼϾЩÿˡ
̫ǺˣҲÿؼίˣ
ؼҺβʽμ޸ģȻֺαؼ޸ͶԵ¶ڻΪ˽¶ҲһֱΪû뵽Լ䵽ѿľء
һӽ̫૵ίˡ
ίġͻȻְ̫ЦЦίġ
˵ŽԺү游еѵü޸ɣҵ粻ΪֻΪѽũұ֪֪粻ܵ÷͵ĹԱʹɩǴҲãܺùңԵٺÿӹĲ˳һʹ죬ӵȷûǰǰݻӹ̹
үȵĿһۼͻȻ׹ԼĻˣæЦҲƲϼҵ˼ֻǾþǺؼûʲôһԺΪļױˡ
ͼ̫˿ϵıҲ
ѡǲҪģϾͽԷʲôʱҲ˵ءŹ··Щǣô
źүǽԺӣЦ游ҾòƷѣϳҪļױԾ˵Ķ顣¸һԺӲҪﲻȱǮԼǾˡοҲûʱȥءʱصҲ㰡

ؼ˾ˣҲ쳣ȡԭȻ˵׬Ǯ뿪˵Цջǿױû뵽ױõˣĴȥ
翪ţ˵λҲͣƲ̻ʵɩҲũʱЩС⣬⻰ӽ̲סһۡ
գգ۵ôˣΪʲôң
ðү˵Ҿ֪ǸгϢģֱˮؿȥҸ޸档
ЦۣǸã˵ã游æңǮҵԼ
үҲʱǮѾͷҲûޡ
ɫǽȥ
ȻСҲʤڸɾ̫࣬æȥˮүݲ衣үͺӷҲ˱á
ʱϷҲˣֵ̫׼ð㷹η
үĵлȴҼҴˣȥǡ
̫ԥȥף游˵ľǡ
Ц游ﶼţȥһٳա
ǴʳģɺүһڣֵĻᡣ
үδ˵ȴҾڽ˶ίԼϴǻŮˣҾ
һ
Ҳҧ߯쵰̫˶ˡ
Ҳ֪⣬𣬺ߣںү󴨾֪Ҫʲôƨ콪ΪôãۺؼҵŵصҲԼĵԡ
Ĩ˰ЩԼ³ȵš
˵ŽϽȥˡ
ҵ̨һСڴΪ˼õģСǳ˵ġˣĲ˵Ҳ٣մȥժ˾ͼſͶһƬӰ˹ˡ
Ҫæ𣿡
ȻǼ
һȥ԰ժȥ
ףȥժˡͻȻ⣬游Ǻôǿͣȥһֻ
СӻתͷץȥˣûһĹеӲý뷨
ȽȥԺժ˲˻һżһ˰ѵ׼׼
վһԿ֣ñʵֻĽӸƣȻץżѪģýȻĶĸо
ôĹˣɱôÿ
һͷͼؼһС㣬үø⡣
һԼʮ⣬һǮãƴⶼһʮ
в˻мߣ׼¶һ֣ϴвĻǲɵġؼôҶ¸ɻϸ£򵥵Ļܸɵ˵ġ
սָӣҶϴ˲˲ˣҲŽ¹
֣ȥдүˣߣָӣջȻٷϴнϱӼȥǺӵζٰѼŽȥ
СͬʱˣһʱĹγʮɫȻǼҳСˣζ˱ǣϸ˳
Žľۻˣ̴Ѭ˿ôá
Ц£ϱá
ʵӣ𾪻ˣСɶʱѧˣôֻ֪յĿ⣬ԷʱҲû͸̨ˡ
Ϊֻ˵˵˭ķ˻ô㡣
˰̨ͽؼҼҶԼЩãŷ˰ʱɵƳ۽Խӡ˸Ĺۡ
Ҳû뵽̱ĴС㾹Ȼζ
ƼĿüϱĸڵʱǿ͹ݵģÿڵʱȥæö֮Ҳѧ˲ٵգƵľûȣƬ̨ʳĿȥҵɷùɼζá
ĽһһܣȻʵʳģվ¶һ游
һʳ⣬үֺǺǵǺؼΨһûӴĴžǳԵˣû뵽Ǹˡ
˵źү뼾̫һ𶯿ӣλ˿ӣҲ׷ԼȤĲ˳ȥ
үʹˣζЩеӼһȥ۾ˣóԡͷһδԹζӼ
Ҳˣж¶ޡ
ͨĶǣѰĲˣѰɫ󣬿ζǺá򽪾ĿԽĸӣܾǰĽ֮ǰĽһһ
ͷһԼһһѵǻһ˲ɣ
еĲͻȻȻζϸǰĽڵĽˡ
ڽ֮ǰʵȥԺҹأ޷Ǳ⡣ϹڽĴҲ࣬ƵˣԽȥʱҲǺԼʱȢ޵˼
ʱҲδִƺ鲻
ټϽǿ£ӡνֲ֮
ɳԭҪóѣҲɽͻȻˡеƭ
ٺǩ˾Э飬к췢¡
͵һƺܡ
лҪ˵۶̫ˡ
ͦڿģ֧ѽV˻Ŵеģ

 12 

ũⲢ٣Щ꼾Ժ飬Ͼʱ̳飬żҲ濴һЩҰ飬бйڽʬļء
ǽ¶ֹ죬ѹ벻ͷȥ
һ˻ɣڿʱ㴦òԾ
û˵¶һʱѾӣҲ¶ȵġ񽪼ϼٲϲܣΪҲԼ³˵ԼԳȤǸܣ̱ĹίԼѬǡ
нս˵̬޲ʾĽ֮ǰ仯ܴһʶж̵˶ܷ⣬ΪһôĽ˲ֲܷˡ˽¶ᵽǰ̬ȴ˻ɵ̬ȡ
һʱ伾еĻɸĿԹʱء
ǰĽ治ԭǸˣǵĻֵΣ
һʱ侹Щԥˡ
̫һӺ⣬Ц
̫䲻ʮڲãӼͿвȴãһȥ򣬼̫ϵЦӯóԣӳҲѾ
ʵũҲͷڳԶ⣬ǰӣרһӺ⼸ûеġ
ЦеóͶԵ㡣
̫ͲٳˣҧĲ˳һٷ
ӷϲܣԹĺʳҲ٣ǻǳĿ˽աЦȸɾӵĳҲˡ
⻰ýüЦѰʳ˿佱ǲȫĻܲˣοкܶеĲأպԼٲҪӪ
⻰̤ʵࡣظлҶ游ðһķ֤óԡ
ӶʱЦã⻰ҿɼˡ
ү˶ǺˣԽҲãŵҲˡһۼſ㣬ŶҲѾţպܿ˻
ϻ˵Ī˭֪ϼʲô⾰̻λ䲻ͣٵȾͲࡣֻͣǸؼҲй⣬ˮؾ֪Ҳһ顣
үЦеźǸùĪҪ
һݣǳ鴤Ͽ֪еĺùǰ˶ȱ
⻰Ҳû˵ֻ΢΢ףȴû
Ľע⵽̬ζ游ģ綨úôҵģϾµ˲ˡ
⽫ĸҧļأȻֳ˳顣
үʱ⣬ֶһ뷹
һٷһԵĶܾˣ˸ճȥСӺͽСӼҲˡӴյｫʣĲһɨա
ﴩŻĿЩĽϵɩǶɩǴĿá
ϿСЦɩһЩɩƯȹӺòã
С۾һžͺߵɩԼɣ·ͦġ
ɩ˵⻰Ŀ׼뿪ˡ
ͼͺүǳţӵӵ¶²ģһᰴ˵ȥѰġ
ллˡüˣԭҲͦõֻҪƷˣӻǲġʵڲǮصСźؼһ죬Ҳܹˡ
۾ɨԷҲڶĿ⼾ĿѸջأ˵
̫ȥʰһЩµֶץֻΪúؼҴϡȺؼߺϴӰϴˢɾˣֻʣ߰˽ⲻ֪δá
һԣʣµĴɩ˱ǡ
ϲ죬׻ԣĻȴǲ⶯ֵġ
ϲǼƽϵˣҲʲô
罪ָӼѺܿļױȥ᷿ʱˡ
ôҲǸ˰ɡ
Ƴһû֨ͽսֵƱǧЩⱲӶûôǮôˣǽû⣬ͽǮû
˻ɵ̬ȡ
˾ЩĲɣû˯һ׼Է
Ǽ̫ģЩϣ̫Ľʱʱ̧ͷȥ
ȻϲʰʳԼֵҲġ׷ŵĶǶԲ
СӽտǸ˻ˣٳ⣬ѰʱҲͰٽӷ⣬վȻųԡԼٳ˼õĲ࣬˶ԵĶǶԲ
̫ʽ϶ҵģ㵱ȥ￪ӣ
ͷ㣬Ҳõ֮˵
ĳʳҲûôȹЩ˵ʱҲĥһЩʳʡ
̫ͷãҪæ˵
áҲû⣬Ͼ͹ҲаͷԱǣƾӣҿɲɡ
ڶռҪѧԺ飬ֻҲסԺУÿѮżһزſɻؼҡ
뵽վԼռЩáϴͼСױ
أέϯͷһ鿴ţԽǽתƺµ˼Ŵ˿˿Ƶľͽ˼Ķ
Ƴ˽һۣЦеĻȴûͣתֺˡ¡üʤ
۳Ҫˣͣ£ȥԺˣ
Ӧˡ
΢΢̾ϧ
֪Ϊοϧȴʵģ˵ܰԼιȥԾסڡ
˯ˡ򴽳éͼѾˡ
գ͵ºһϮɫ۷ϣݵ年ճխտı⣬ټһ˫ȣһ
̲ס򴽣ʵںÿʱ䳤һô졣
Ц˵ϴ˯
ڰмۣŵҲŽĿ̫ȣԶܡ¹ʵӰǸͷԽԽǿҡ
ǽ𣿡
ܵͣҲ֪ûУû˻ش
лҪ˵Ҳһ˹Ŵе

 13 

ʱ򽪾˯һȻû˯ŵġ
˵⻰ʱ򽪾һ£Ȼ˲Ƿɴеĵ˴칦ı仯
ƣڲͻˣ
شǣֻ۵ĹⲻȻԼǾͻɰɣͲϣΣ
Ļ˼ߣﶼΪ¶˲ѡ
峿ʱѾӰŲ֪ѾȥԺˡȥ˳ͼȥ
պؼµڣôûȥ
̫Ц벻Զ峵ͳɡ˵Ÿʢϡ˱Էȥ
Ͷ˷̫˱żĻмºֵµȥˡ
ӣû¹أڼ񲻹ιɨԺӻǲ˵سݽˮˣԺͷΧӣź
Ǹˣе¿ɸɡԼеķдëӲˣѼڼЩֽˣ´μ϶ø
磬ųӻʣ˴˷ųӳִ߽ڸｫȻһҹҪζˡ
ϣɩۼֻѿƤ𣿡
ѿͷģⶫйɹζƤǵǲ˵ʱü˿˿ǳֻȢ˸үǼҲܳԽĲǡǵÿԼǴӣϴ϶ȴǴԺġ
ƾֵҪż˵ʵǺ۵ġ
ü㣬һѿƤҪԣ
һʱǰһܳɣ
Ծˣٷ㣬ҪǲԼ˲ˡ
˵Ҳԣ˼ƶϣݵʱŲĿ̺ϴɾϸɳٰѻƶŽȥһ㲼ְѿͬˮļ̌ȥˡ
ʵѿҲѣƤ鷳һЩҲãɩʹϼ
Цҹ͵ˡ
һҹʱ˯أǶĥٽңƤ
СЦЦܽǲֻľϾŽ紫ǰ̱񶾡
˵ڶϹȻ˽Ƥ鷳Щ֮ͬӣҺͼİææһʮŶƤֽһЩ㿴ǷŶͶƤˡ
ĿŶƤЦɩϾͳƤ
ߣӵ¶һ֡
Ķʱ۾ˣս¶һڻǵأζľˡ
ɩ˵ЦȥԺժཷժ˼ϣཷ˶ƤĸϣŨŨ࣬緹ζǲ
˵ˣͼºֵľŶƤ˲١
ȻһȴٳԣСҲ֪ǮģӲҪ
󽪾żȥѿһҹѾĹĵЩƤˣòܷѿָӣҸѿˮȻָϣȶѿˣһ⣬ζҲܲ𿴻ƶĶ٣ƤѿԷȴĺܣ
ôһ˵ҲЩˣŶѿŶѿϽ
Ͼͷһѿ̫ͼĻЩģȻ缾޻ʱȴЦݣȻĲ
ЦӣƤȴʼʱ˲࣬ұ㽫ý̵Ĳ˵ˣˣû뵽Ļͦá
Ҳ˿ȶѿǺ̶ѿඹ磬ѡľͶˡ
̶ѿҲܳԣϾ̫ˡ
ڶԾʮŶƤıջá˶Ƥ˻ȥ˵ˣζȻܺãζҲöƤ˾²˻裬֮һˡ
ԽĲҲʮΣ䶹ƤⶫʳһʱҲóûһЩ
ЦҺҪǶһЩЩȥˮȥȥ
Ǳȥʡ·ϵ󹦷򡣡
ҡͷˣƥźѾҺ߿Щͳˡ
ÿɷҲû˵⻰ûٶԡ罪öƤ˾²˻ˣһСԵĶͦ졣
ĺͼºֵܶԽ̬ȴӺµϲڶҺͽ˵ˡ
Ц۵ɩóԣԺѧ𣿡
ôС¶ĸЦٺòˡ
Լպһ¶ҪԼǻЩģҪǽˣǲǾɿˣ
û뵽ɩô˵¾͸˲ѡ˵ڶ߼޺ļĶԽɩ߻ҪɶģҿԸ
һԵӣҶʱԼĵλЩΣգæǹ·ūˡ
ЦˣˣеҪǰæĵط
ĺٺЦЦɩÿЦÿ
̲סҲÿ
࣬δŮֶĺÿСƤϸ壬һֱż̫µأ紵ɹƤԵôֲ࣬˶ϴ廨ȽͲЩ
ӣҵȥƿ͸ġ
ӣҾ˾죬صĶЩôϲȥˡ
Сɩӣǲǲϲѽ
е¶ϣ۳Ҳ˵ˣƤǺúñĺá
ܴﻹС˵ܻúߣҲˡӣҹʱƼɫͨ졣
ÿϴĨϣպŸɻǵôñӡɹ˾Ͳÿˡ
۾ͷɩãÿᡣ
СĳݲҪ̫ԣоôʮˣͷһرôԵСݣЦĶˡ
һϲóԵģӣңǮȥţǴŹǣĻҲֻ
ӣҲǸԵģһʱ촽Ӧһͳȥȥˡ
ǼЩԥļͥڳԶⶼ˲ˣǼŶɩԵıն࣬ڶɩˣҪ֪϶ֵ˵ˡ
ɩҲСĲ˼㳴ĶƤͦóԵġ
Цˡ
Ŷ˿ȻǶɩԵӦò˵ˡ
ûһӣŹǺָӣҰÿˮˣˮϴɾȻȷ͡˲ŷּûǡ
ûǾͲţϵв٣н⳴ζٰ̺õŽ﷭ȣ׾ƺͽ֮ŷ뿪ˮ
ӣҶǰջΪ˲ٺ۾ĶŹ㡣
ҳſľͷŴȥˡ
ӣҡҡͷС
ʲôУ
ͷȴǼˡ
üͷ΢壬˵һѮһôֻˡ
ǿϱ˼졣


 14 

磬ɩƶء΢֮ʱæЦŻش𣬡ĵǴˡ
Ƴ˽һһȥŶ
ǸôھͻˡС졣
ЦɩͶ׵ʱļ٣ֻԺÿѮżٵǹ̶ģǡõ˷żٵӰˣһɩ֪ԭûɩ˵
Ŷһ㲻ٹˣڲڼҶӰ춼
ùɢζۻȥЩݵĶϴɾŽȥţӵζãȫ嶼ŵˡ
ЦЦ˼һתóпаæţ
ǫǫɱʱһ˿ɶŹǲ֪ʲôģ
ӭϷʵĿӹͷ˰Ϳſڶ⡣
մı͵Ϊ˷㽫°ֻҲߣȥ¶ʵĸ첲𿳵ŹʱɫԾյĵ
˫ƽ޲΢򣬾ĸ첲ļҲԳÿ
˿ˮͻȻһ٣˫ƺʲô
϶ʱϴЦݣŷͷʱʵÿһʱĳˣĪĪ֡
˫΢΢üû˵ʲôп½Ŷء
˴֪Ρ
Ƕǵһ仰תͷּͷˡ
ЩЦղǱвˣ
ϧвʵֻ̫üȤһǰĺ
ȼˣҨˮϴ֣Цеͷĺܣԣ
ʱѿ鱶ˬ̲סЦ
Ĵֵ˵ʲôöɩ㷢Ц
޼Ȥˡգգ۽ŹǶ˹ȥӣҴˮ˳ۼǺȤʵȤ
Ҳ˼Цˣ˲ô¶ˡ
˻̫ǻ͵͵˵ŶɩͦõģŶͶɩ˵ЦģͷĴԶ˹⴫ġ
̫ʹʶҲ࣬Ѿ˼ȻСںãЦɩɩǶõˣɩױ񣬵Ҳܲö֪𣿡
Ӧһû˵͵¶
ͷżҵȥˮȥˣЦĽ˹ŹǡżûǣֻŹǣֻôζҲǲ
ĴӲ԰һͲˣù⣬ŵȻֱ峴ˡ
ֵɩʣһŶƤöˣҪö糢
ǡ꼾ӺԺʫ飬ͱˣ
ԼƳһû
ЦɩϲЦ˵˶Ƥϴг˿ϴһ߷źãнҲ׼
𣿡ӣƿǣһ˱ǵĽζӭ㰡
˿Ӳ˲òˣʢɣóƤ
ӣҽʢְѹˢɾǱߺŹǵζҲŨˣŽĶﲻɼ֮ǰĻ
ôƶɡ
ע⵽Ŀ⣬Цʲôǲǲòˣ
ϵıһŤͷߡ
ŮҲĲǷë׹ҲŮ
漾۾ĿŽɩյȷò綨ǿˡ
ĹԡŴнⱬϼĺٽƤϣһɴ̱ǵ
䲻Ǻ¹ܳȥˣɩĨ۾
ͷĵʱȻĨƤˣ۾ҪŻˣı۾һӢ
ɩ𶯣ȥˮİѹݸӣңæȥˮ
ԺվڸߴŴɽĴҴܹʣʲô
һҨˮһ߽ͣɩ۾ˡ
üͷһЩ΢Ҳȵùʱ
ɡֱӶǰԺȥˣæ׷磬ɩͦõģԶɩһЩ
Ƴһ۵Ҽǵá
ΪòŶ˵еĳð˳ɩĺÿóԣĹ̫ˣԺҲҪΪɩˡ
ĵӣһ˽ǵӵĹ̲סһܲˣһҪ
ͦáߵȵڽǰĪѧЩûŮ˵ӡ
۾۵⻰ʱˣŮˣ
ûӦǲŮ˵ǲׯ
ǡϴֽӹĵݸӲ֮ż÷֪֪Ů˵ġ
ɫٱ䣬ƳۼģС͵ЦأյҪ֮ͥ£ȻȻ˵Ȼ
ЦУټ˵Ҷ֪һ˵ʲô
ַȥ
ɤӺӣңϲˡ
ãºֵҲܳˣɶóԵģ㡣
ŹǺ㣬㺰ˡֶӣҵ㻹Ǹһԡ
⼸һֱӣҸԣӣҲûĺͼĽŶȣͶӰӰͷˡƶζͺŹǵζһƮȥԶ
ִζǽͷð˳ģɶóԵģզôء
ĲϲִǻشҶɩŹǡ
ִ̽ͷϹ⣬ʱҪˮˡ
ıֱ̫ףֱĶӣ۾βˣ΢΢üüºֵµסߣﻹûţ
ִ￴˶ʱüûأҵζĻԵȥ
̫ϴ˼⻰̲סɵöˡ
˵һΧ£ִĿ򽪾ϱ
Ƴһۣһе㣬ִﻹȥԷ㣿
ִϽͷ
Ŷһ˵Ǳ߻и㣬ȥü
˵ͷԷִεˡ
̫̲סЦĳĴָСɩ⻰˵̫ˡ
Сϱһϰ׵¶ûУ˼ҵĹŮأޡִܻҴǽͷ
û뵽ļƷھӰ
ƷżûϣƷھˣټȱ۶ĽҼƷҲܹȥ
Űɣˣ˭ҳԵõĶܵɳ޲˳ϼڡ̫˵ֶԼλǺȥ
Ӧһǣ´λյʱˡ
ռͳˣⶹƤȴͷһسԵ֮󳴳ζǲ
Ƴۼ޳ָͻȻڴʱʲôģɼƺϲ㣬˼ŹǡǸСϱæһŵ˵ʲôʲôնҪ֣ಹ


 15 

˵⻰һֱżſӵֲȻĶ˶١
ƫƫ̫һԸͣ˵ĲԺȷ࣬һЩ
壬ԡԪɿĸһ㣬Ե㣬˿״Ԫ
ɫ˽һۣͷá
һԿţͼȻһˣǳŵĳû֣پź
ҲһЩӽհɩƤ࣬Щ㲹ݵļһĴŵУᣬֱȲֲڣúǡ
üˣЦЦдǧ飬л
˵ҧһڣͷ򴽣ζȻЩ
Ҫ߼Իƶܷز֪λαˡ
˵ĻȴǷ໥Ȼ벻롣
ϴ˯ϴԾﳪСڼײ͡
κνǸˣ֮ǰֹξ˵Ҳ˵ˡ
ֱǰ鱾󣬸첲ļϣ
ĸ첲ϵһ˲䣬ʱ̲סֱ֣ɻǵðʱ˵Ļ
˵ʲô
˵Ů⻰
򴽺ͷ㽫ǵԼ
ǵءĺãɷ˵ҲŮˡΪ֤ԼȷǸŮˣҲѽ
˵Žյ˿أ
ʱ죬һ仰Ҳ˵
þգպ˭֪ʲôΣ˵õ׬Ҫֵһ˸ǹ˾Ͳˡ
ڷ쳣Ůˣ˵ջشϣһûһµţĵ㻹û׵ĸء
˫޹ǵڳȥ˿ĵ׾΢΢źͷĻʱһݣʲôͽͲһ·ˣοȻǩ˾Э飬Ե˼
ֱͦܲòſڵȻɩ£ɩϸø㹤Ǯǡ
ЦһһῴǼǮ˵Ʋ⼸ǮҲ˵Ұɩθɡ
˵ͷ£׼ѣŤͷһֱӽ⿪´
¶ͷĶǶľͺˣ͵תȥɺͳ
ȣѵҪʵʵ˯㲻һء
˶ٵòɰȥ˯ȥ
ڻһշһЩҪȥ˯Ҳǲʰ
Ѿôܷ־Ҷ˯
򴽣͵ϨέϯϱŽķǰȻֳָһĨĶǶ
ɲ֪ʱ룬ˣ¹ӰӰ´£ѵҲպϡ
ֻʱŮӶǶʵڲ㣬ǰ񻹲ȹٴһЩǻŶǶ·
ȿȡ
£ĵָӣһ³ôСеĴһЩźá
ҹʱ˷磬ƺ꣬ʱͷĿ쳣¡
þӳеµ¶㳩Ŀû뵽һԽȴȺø
ʱϺͼѾȥˮˣôûң
ƳͷļС˵Ķò׻һˣȥš
ĺƤһǻžžž
ϧڻǴء
ƤǺЦЦ߰ɣժȥ
Ķֻϣ˲˵＾̫ӣ˵Цժˣժһȥϴ˶ڵͷϣЩʲô
ƤһЩͭ弾̫ĺãʲô缦˼㳴˺òã
Цеҿãʲôҳʲô
̫ЦҼȻ͸׹Ůһ㣬ĪҪ롣
˻صǰԺץһιͻȻɻһˡ
ϲǣɶʱӲԸȴС˵¶ι¶Ҳȥ˵ɱ˹ĵ¶
ɼΪݣƺҲδòס
ۣȻʱ¶
ҪôعصϹŶЩֻǲ̼ۡһֿܣǸɧУ
ҪǸƺͦ˼
ι˼ͷƼüͷʱȥͷϴˡ
̫ôô硣
˯˾ˡ
̫ЦеƳ۽ĵϱȢҲԣȻӻ֪ϵʲôʱȢˡ֮ǰС֮ǰֲ죬⼸˸黹
緹ľ²˳һŨŨ࣬ҹʣµŹǣһٷԵķǳ㡣
Žȥѿ˽ݴ򿪸ͷĸӣͷֵĻƶѾѿˡ
ľȵɩ⻹üղܳϣ
հɡ֮ǰ˵ʵֻͷһѿˡڲ֪ҲѣΣӦܳɹġ
˵Żˮϱֻƶʪ֮¸ϣβٶһЩȻûٵ߰ʵ̫ˡ
ɩӣҳּ˻ƶϣ׼ϵʱһ
ʱõĿԼϸĿӣһЩҲͼ̫˵¶̫ڼңȥɽϿЩˡ
ȵӣ
̫üЦĿӶģձǴõĶˡ
žȻӣִĴˣʵ̫⡣
Ƚ˵̫ѾӣӲˣȥЩһЩ
һӶӣԵ˵ͷ
̫Цɽھ²óڻ٣ȥơ
ԼƳ۽¶϶Ůô˵ġ֪Ů˲ǸݵģȻһ̲ס¶צˡ
лҪ˵ҲŶ
˵ʲô

 16 

иĿ⣬Ī꣬Ҳȥ
ۣŮܹݣ
Ŷʵ겻ȥɣ˳ժЩӣϸȡ̫Це˵ȥ׼ӻб¨ȥɡ
õĴĻᰡ
ûû£⼸ۣͣûҪͷˡ˵ڵĽǰĽҲмѭ˵ʱʱΪ˵ȥȽϺã˵ʵҲиŵжϡ
Ϊ۵ľӽûİѷĻȥֻΪѵڼǹע⡪ٳ׺󽪾ûٸ¡
ݻһ̴ںڵͷ÷ͷϣȥͨʣ˵ũҲûʲôЭĵطϵ̫ԣֻһվǰһȥũܡ
ͶԺʱ۾һ¡
ģ㴩ؤŶÿˣ
Ŀ⾪޻˵ƹʱţüͷʱĻҡǰʮ
߰ɡ˵⻰ϱ¨ȳţæ׷ȥղǲǰˣ
ӣҷǳɫûȥԼҹС͡
Ǳ߽ںͷЩ࣬ŶʱˣܷЩչһȶ̵ˣ
ǰͷļȻһͣͷƳӳȹΪͬףȷ̵ͦġ
һ⻰һѪֱйֲöʮ䶼Ȣϱһ仰ܰѹŵˡ
ޣԭ⡣
ͦͦصôˣıõĺܣǰ͹ҪҪһȣ
㡢㣡ײ͡ˣɲŮˣæǰͷȥˡôѲӻȻҲǹƽġ
Ա鲻߹ȥϵþӣ
һ϶˵һԡ
Ŷ
ˡ
ɽŵʱҲһЩźɽӣСɽЦɽӣ
ǣӡò˴кǰȥˣԷЦЦ׷ǰȥ
߳Զ˵Ǵ˼ҵĹЦÿ
ĻӶ࣬׷ϼק첲Цÿ𣿡˵ֿһЦ
üƳ۱קŵĸ첲ɿ˵֮ͥĪҪ
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˵ǰͷȥˡ
ҪҪŮ˱־롣˵ʲôѾڴȻˡ
ںεʵ٣ɽҲ࣬ǰԭ̬еȴûйġǴȻȻɵҵĲݣһж͸ȻĻǵ÷Լ˵ʲôȹժȥˡ
ĳļڻɽҰҹƺֻ΢΢ʪ󲢲ճ壬ժһҰ˳ֲ޼䣬˼ȻûĶһͷͼ˼
šüʲôң
ҡͷǰȥ߰ɡ
ҪĿǸﻹøżߣߣЬ׶ʪˣЩЬ˫ѥҲð
ôߵĿ죬һͷͼʯŪЬ׵ࡣ
ԽŪԽ࣬Է±¨ק˼ƬҶ½ЬϵŪȥ˴롣
ܳͻȻؿڵ㡢ôôģĪǳĴͼ죿
ĻֻöͷֱܻҪͼ죬ܳɹ
ⱲӵͻȻȻʧЦͼһƽ
˵Ż׸ۣ磬~
˹ûѼĹŽû˵ͷϱ¨ǰȥˡ
ͷӵЦЦô鰡ϲ
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һӣû˲Ģľѧʶ֪ЩܳЩܳԣ㽫ȫĢժӵ¨ľһԴԵҲӵ¨
üͷ˼ҵСֱܷĢûж
Ģֶʱһ٣ȵ̧ͷ˼ҵСͲʶˣ˼ҵС㻹ܳԷ˯أѵʶĢ˵Ȩˣ
⻰ʵǺɽѾǻˣҺ֮ǰ׼Ȼ¶˵ҲûţɵżƺȤĺܣ治׳ء
Ļüͷĸһ˫ڽϣƺҪ˶һһ϶㲻ԭĽ
õĿ϶ЩȣЦЦ˵ʲô
Ķʹ˴סԭḺ̌񶾡խҡӲ㲻һ
ԭֻ̽һ£ɽıԽȻԽɣ˿мѾȷ뷨仯ǴӳʼǰĽʱĿ¶ǣ޲ý˲븹У㵱ʱıƺܲšҲ²£ʱյǾ˵ͨˣ㲻ԭĽ׵Ĺ£ԲѿƤһֺóջʶӣⶼܽ͵ͨǾԭͻЩ˽ȻЩ
żоݵķ𺳵ģȵǼ˿̵ıƺûпĿ־ͺ£һȻ
˲ⳤĺÿҴĺܣЩô죿
˳ǵⲢ֤ҾͲǽ
ȻϲϷ£Ȼϲ½ӴĿϷʺ֡˵ϷʱɫЩ죬Ϊһλӣǲʺ˵ʵģǰվŵĽݸӳԤϣ˵ˡ
̽ĿⲢδջأԷ˵㻹ǰĽǣţȴǲŵġ
㣬ԭĽ㵽˭
лҪ˵㽿ѽ~

 17 

Ļƶʼʱһ㻳ڽ̬бΪȷǰĽô˵ЩʱԷǰʹʧɫȻ򴽿Žһ飬㣬˭
ǽҹζЦ⣬Ѿ纣˷ӿʼնǽ
̫˹Ȼ󣬽ͻȻһɶԼгĳ嶯
մʱǲ£ǲ֣Իֲ̿ǿԼȥ̹ȻԣõЦԼһЩ
˵ǻֵ̿ģΪŮӵλµĹŴҪúõĻȥǶôѡ
ۿɼģ˫΢΢³ЩҿǻͳĿ£ǽֵΣ
ֵΣ
һ㶣ԼҲδ⡣
֮ǰֻǲ²⣬ȷ˷Щ֪롣
˵ʲôо֮ʱ˿˿ҡǰĽԭǸŮˡ
һ˲䣬бŷһǿҵȻѾԭˣβȥҪȢޣһгŵ뿪ֵȥδӡ
϶ȥǼٲܴ
ˣĿ򽪾ʱЩ죬ƺӳͷһμЩʳ⻰ˡ
ӣԼԸ¹»ҰҲԼѡһЩ
߰ɣȥط˵Žһľ뱳¨ǰȥˡ
һ𣬲˼ĿȴֻԷֱͦ
һЦ˹ǸӡһЩŰĹŴ˽ܶȾȻ˺ãԵЩСˡ
ѵõǼδ׷Ӻδǰˡĵ׾΢΢ů⣬ԽҲôԽܵ顣
ô˵˿зһʯŲҲࡣżԶæȹ׷ȥιôȵҰһܳҰɶզ졣
ͷصҰù
ˣȴͣµˡ
׷ȥһۣȻʵ㶼ģһǸ꾫߹»ҰɶģͲ£Ҫһ۶ˣ˯㾫ѪߺˣͲģ
֪Σֿʼˡ
һͷۣüͷ𣬡ܱܲ죿
գգۣЩ޹
̾˿ҾѪ㻹õȽʣҼƤѿ浱ɵǲǣ
û̲סЦ˾ӡǡ
ЦǶر˼̲סô죿
ͷֱ˷ʲôžúùˣڡ
ˣˣҲ˵ˡֻ˻첲Ц⣬ǽҪ~
ŮĵЦݴϷʺͽ˻Ƭ̵ʧ񣬡߰ɡ
۱ĸ첲̲סЦˣҲûôѸ
ʵϣ嶼ţûע⵽Լ첲ţû˦Լþ档
ԽľԽïܣҲԽԽ죬ɣɽ֣
û𻰣תǰϵˡ
̧ͷȥڲԶĵطһƬҰݮʱѾˣ޵һƬɷǺÿ
̲סŤͷȥɫȻĲ֪ʲô
ɿǰͷȥˣԱק¼ƬҶӣժҰݮŵҶϡ
һƬݮܶ࣬ժһȻժ˲١æЦЦҲͦõ𣬸ÿ춼һӡ
Ƴһûˣ˹Ʊ˲Ըˡ
ðɣ˵ˡʵһԼһ˴ϰˣǸⱲͻȻз˳棬߶߶˵˺Щ
ݮժһЩ¨Ѿˣ˿ʼߣʣ𣿡
ɽ¾С
һ㶣һůǾ˵ɽΪ˲ĢͲݮˣ
ɫӣͻȻЩ飬񲻸ôЦš
ôɫ糣ֻȴĶ΢΢졣
ҡҡͷͻȻǸˡ
һ㶣ȴ˵ˡ
ߵ·ѵõİЩӦƳһ۽üͷ΢ƺʲô顣
㡭δ˵꣬ͻȻͼԱҶζæսק󣬡Сġ
оͼһͷһٶҰӲݴд˳һ㶣֮ǰ˵Ұô죬û뵽Ұˣ
ң
סҰܡ¨ŵϣսרעͷҰ
ȣǴԼҰܣ
Ȼ̰һȥԿҰɨΧһۼ֮ңпõµʱ⣬ʱ䣬ȥ۸ӡ
Ҫʲôûͷǳڲܵʱ򡭡
󡣡ʱһŲҰ˵ܸ㶨ҰȼĺܣԼϸûгɹĿܡ
򴽶ڵϽ첲ֵ۶ϣǱ߾Ұ˻һ˹ȥ
һĶᵽɤˣľ۶ֻʣһ׶೤ű㳯Ұ˹ȥ
ʱ򿪳ˣ
Ȼ廹ǿ׳Ұȷ֮ҰëûҰסʱ겻˻תͷȥ
ڼҩʱͻȻͼ־ľݺݵĳҰԴȥ
ôһôܺ
δ˵꣬ͼŻҰӰˤȥͨڵϡֻƺõκһˤȥ
ŸʲôϰͷһضҰֺּ£һȥʱԼûϣû뵽ĳˡ
˵⻰ŹæȥԴһӣҰˡ
عȥͷҰӻѪôð˳
˿ʱϧ˵ģѪҲܺóء

ͷųԣ
лҪ˵Ұζڣעʱԡ
ʾʳҰܾҰζ
ѪĳԷ
Ѫ²˳ѪѪ

 18 

̲סĹͷ㻹ųԣ
Ұƺöõ⣬̲סЦⲻҰǲ͵óˣȻ⣿
ҲԡͷǿЩŪߣȻҰ޾Σˡ
˵ɽߴҰЩΧܣǽҲ֪ûǲˡ
㱳ű¨Ұ
˵ָ꣬ǿõŵŪҰͷš
ͷȥ˼֦ԭʱһŵĶ˺Ұӵͷְѱ¨Ҳϣϰɡ
Ӧһֵɣ߱˼ҰĳԷ
Ұͬڼϸ壬Ұɸ񣬳ųζʵǺܺáֵ죬ĶҲŲס±ζسȥ
˻ûɽ£ѾҰĳԷٽɽµĵطҲˡһͷҰʱˣҰá
Ϲ˵ɶҰ׺ݵԡ
öһͷҰ׷ܹʼôҰ
Ƴ۽ģˣĿоϷʣ˵ˡ
ЦЦתͷ˵Ұ
ԻߵɽȥԣţȻȥҰֻǴɰˡֺ漾νҰģ˵ҰײŪҰ˾Ҳûɡ
ϵĴظµǱŹŹԺضܿ״Ԫɻڴġ
ڨڨĿڽϣǱЦ
˵ŻϴӹˣһͷҰ˵ûţֵܾ
˾ͺ˵ˣֵҰ̧ϰ峵ʣ
δش𣬾Це
˲ˣҵģɲãҰ۴ͷɽģ˵ڴҵĲŶԡ
ѭȥִʱִĻһֵ˶ʱ֨ˣ뷨˻治١
δ˵ִԽ⣬ôǮִôö㻹һ㰡
ЦЦִҼûԣ˵£˵ɽϵĶǴҵ⻰о仰˵ĺã֮Ī¿ɶʥϵģִɲ˵
̲סһִۣûʶҲ⻰ɫʱ˱䣬㡢ôܳԡ
ΪҴġûһ˿¶ȣĿתͷһ򣬡ִ˼ԻĶҲǴҵˣ
û˸˵ˡ
ԻǴʮ£˸ƢãǰԻֱӱȣӴ˴Ҳû˸
˵ҰǴҵģôҲ˵ԻĶҲڴһˣǲ
ִʱˣǾҰһûȥζãһգ˴ǣǮ϶ֻһ㣬һﻹܿ磬ʡ¡
˵ɸһ̨ףЦϱ˵ȥһ顣
ͦϲı㳯ͷ
ȥɡԼ
Ұߣһ·ܵһľ̾סڴźɽжξ룬ʱԶԶƼһߴӱŹһѴ󿳵Զ
ſֵĴһӰҲ˲Ͽˣæˡ
پȣʱߵǰĿԹҰǵͷһˡ
Զˣʵ˾Ի˽ֻ˵һ죬˻ͷһؼ
Ӧһ
ȻĵͷͦԻе̣۽Լ׳Ųѿ˵Ұ
Ի̲סƳһۣﾹȻЩڡ
ʱ˼ſڣ̫ˣҰʱϲҰ͡
͵ļѾ֪ôˡ
ԺӺȥæŪƤҲڸ̫˵ԼļƻҴȫ±ıЩʣµõȥ˻Ǯ
Ϻͼ̫ûôһͷȻҪڴȻʡ£ӾôҲô࣬ǮҲϲȥȥĺá
Ҳ֪ЩѰԼҳԻԣҪȥͲˡë׼д嵥üºȥʰҲ˲Լëжˣֻһһǳѵд嵥
ºֵŵȥˣԺҲƤʰĲˣʽڸɶ
ЦŶûȰɿɡ
ȻŮ˲ֵ֣һѿǵҰⰴսҪ󿳳ɿ飬ְˮѪˮ
ɶϿƺ˺öǮ࿪ˡ
ӣԷˡ
ϳ˷ϵɽˣ͹ŵʱ䣬ڼû˼ǵһֻ٣ȻŲס
̫³⡢ӻԼƵĶ꽴ըһζóˡ
ϲóԡ
̫ЦеϲԺﾭ
ʵǵԺ˷ݿ԰Ҳϣ̫̫ͶֻϾ㹻ˡ
ùºֵͻˣߣӺϵ˽ӣҺĸһ̨ȥˮˮտŵˮáֻΪҰôҲһٶڹҲŲ£ֻһŵͰھˡ
֣һЩȷн⻹ǳɫڻⷭȣٰ׼ĴȫУûˮһ󹦸ɡ
һŪְһͬĲ裬ͬʱţð
һһָӼˮԡƳһûתͷȥɹںԺˮ
ĥĥϴ裬ʱͼϺͼ̫ԺЦ㣬ھζˣִﶼſǽͷƳ˺üˡ
ǽͷƳۣҲˣִðͷɳʱͻȻ˻ȥ֪ǲ¶ˡ
㣿̫Щȡ
գգ޹ܰɣô˼˰ģ˭ܺѽ
̫̲סЦŵͷԣ˼˰
ļ̲סƳ˽һۣŮֿʼˡ


 19 

±տСǵҰȽϲһ˽ʱСԺ˱ǵ±ζʱʱѾ磬ҶĬû÷飬ڵŹá
ʱʱȥѲļĺӣҸ̲סӣǽȥ⡣
ºͼԪſ۰Ͱ͵ʣöð
˲˼ʣˣȴֶ
̲סЦҳ򡣡
˵ӣҴ򿪹ǣͷҨһŵȻÿӼҧһڡԭɲҰѾ˽ͺʹϵζǳ
ͷͣɡ
ʱϸ¯ӷϹţͲζû
㿴档ӣվſͻȻ˵
̽ͷȥüһſΧ˺öˣﶼˡ
λͦϲУһЦˣɩҨһЩʢɡ
Ͽ񿴵һѵͭ壬һٺʣ
һ㶣ڵļ۸û
ͷ±Ǯһ΢΢üû
Ϻ֪ϴԼʮģĻƵþʮġ
ͷϵڴʮһҪ˵۸Ǳ⻹Ϊ˲ŸȥôҲһһ
һһģˣɣҲʮǮһء
Щ֣̿ļ۸ȥ
ȴȻҰôĴҶ֪ǼܱȵҷģʮһѾǳˡûȥֱӳҲУײҲУζ϶á
ϵõģô˵
ĵͷӹʢжʮңˣ߶߶ҪǶһȥء
׵ĲҲɣֻܶӵԺͷ˵ôĴһҲ֪ǶˣҲɱӣѵôһﶼ֪ζҲŵˣһ£±ǾͰһʮĵļ۸ҡ
һ䣬ǽͷϵִʱʮһǼǮأһʮء
ƳһۣǼҲִңִȥɣ˵ջʣһЩ⡣
ִʱɴ۾㡢۸ˡ
ԣ۸ˡһȻſڵ¶Цһȥϴϵ±Ǯֻ߲ͣ±Ұ⣬Źģһߺȣһľȥ
һ԰ŹҰͨҰ𣿴Ҳ˴±⣬ӹ±һҪʮء˵󣬼ʮĵȷǳˡ
⻰һҲԥˣղ˵Ѿڵһ
˿ͷԣЩҲʼĶһҲͷڵӣΪԻ治ôá
ЦҪǷŵζҲáҶˣһͰһȥô
áʱüЦ
һ±һҲˣ˺óԣҲֵˡ
Ǻм˶ˣޱСĸһҨʱСʮûˡ
Ǵ屾ͲԵҲ࣬ʮҲͶˡԺŹϣҨһֻ
̫ЦժˣٳųԾˡ
ոˣߣָӣջֳ˼ˣѰײ˷±ˣ˳ζǲ
˶±ԣȵʱЩԣζ϶
в⣬Ŵ׷һٷɹĽ˵θˣЦеһǾȥȥüǮ
º͵ĵͷԶԣҲȥܰ˲
ͷһɩһȥ˳һЩ游ȥ
ϸˡ̫ϱŵļױ͵ͷؼҰ˴æɵúúøлǡ
ȣǻɶˣ
̾˿¶ǻûü˵ǲȥƤȻҲ磬̯ԭҪˣϺؼҾ˾˱ְǡ
ΪؼҾ˾˵ĳ֣ЩСåˡϴЦ⣬Ǹһŵл
ϵͷҪʰĶȥ
ʰһЩҳĶͺáؼҲǼƽЩˣȵЩĶˡ
¶˵̫㿪ǮջñüǮļױš
ƾܣϱЦÿƾܣûּҾ͸˵ļױҵļױҲҶġȥؼұֻΪ˵ãϸü﹫õǮ
˵㲻ƾܣãϵСǺ˲˵ҲǺˡǺϸƹӰ
Ϸ޸ϽϴϢˣҪһռȥ
ã㻹Ƕȥɡ
˵Ҳϴȥˡ
Ͼܾüͷ壬Ǳˣ
̫ЦǸҾͷˡ
üͷĸͽãô֪Ȼ֪˽ԭǸˣҲ˵Ǹðɡ
ԼЦݣ˵Ļ̫˵˼仰ȥϴˡ
ָѿˮѿðСѿĺܣͻȻɽĿģɽţզŪһ±ˣ
ľأĲݮأ
ڴʱˣһҵĲݮ;أ
̾ɩŵؽˣȥñǡ
һŶ
ɵϱż˹̺έϯȻ£㲻֪ǰǹ𣿡
ȵĻش𣬡˵ô̰ԣ
ˣ̰ԣ̰̰̰ԡ
вЦ⣬һ˵Ʊء
´ĵĴյߵʵĺ꾫ţרľѪš
ԵĺôĽɨڶģֱ岻ɵĽסԼ˵β


 20 

ʶһ仰չĳĬˣȷӦֻڼļϣ˴߾Ծɺ̲ܽסЦ˵ûҾǾβϲȳǿ׳ˣѪ϶رóԡ
Ӳļľͺ͸ˣڵʱʶԣȻŮ˳Цˡ
ɽﶯҶԼǻԽԽģͰ͵㡢
ƫսҿǾβأô׷Ź㣬˵Ҫ㾫Ѫء
ĪԽ״˳ɻشϣЦû뵽㻹ͦȤġ
ԼԶˣ˿ʵǰĵط㡭𣿡
ﰡĻ˲ὫŮ˿ԼĸӹŮ˿԰ԼԸҲѡΪؾڼͥˡŮƽȣŮӱкӸܻӭǡ
һزȥˡ
įͻü΢΢üĵط֪ڴܳĵطɽϸֲ̬٣֮ǰΪƺӡ֤ʵǸŮƽȵʱԲӵ
ֻһ伾㲻ˣȻҲԭҲû˼ټúԱ۾˯ˡ
һѵõ˯İʱʲôһֱʲô
ɼҹʱȴѣ޵ǽ
ںڰûпڴСĿţżڡ
裿ɣʲô˼
ԷԾڿһ̽ڰ˰¹ĹԴչȥںڰп۾ᣬô
ڽϾüЩסĴʾڽϿʵ˼顣
ỽ
ҿŵͻȻۣеıת˲ȥʲô
첻µزܶ㽪˵Ľֻˡ
˿ֻԼΪľ״ҡҡͷû£˯ɡ
˵صέϯ˯ˡ
ƽͷŴղŵʵǵһϵѾͷʪȻԲŽġ
ô죬ƼԼľ״
յķ뽫Լˡ
ڴϷͣЩ
֨֨ѽѽʵڴ̶
ȴͻȻЦˣȻֹ£ɶ
ΪûҲͬӣڽ˵ڵһ̲³˼ɫʱˡ
Ǹѵ˵زҲ̫ˡ
졣
Щҧгݵζ
еһɨգЦá
˶ʣҲ֪ҲԭĽˣ㲻𣿡
˺һüٻشʱͻȻˣԭĽͬһң硭
û˵ȥȴˣеʵ̫ԣȻԭǰµȷüУ¼һԸһ֪·ŮҲԸԭͬһҡ
֮˱пɺ֮ԭЩ£Ҳ˼˵ˡ
ʵʼǷԸʹ˺ȥ⻰ģ漴ˡ˵ĸԼ˵òҲֻȤȻҲһ˿˿ĺøУϾô˧Ըûкø̫ˡ
һԺϲˣһҲϲˣΪŹһˣǲǲõ顣
峿ʱѾԺˣϷ˶ĺӣҲ˶Ƥ±Ҳװ˹ӣʣµҲˮţ͵ȽϣŮ˾ڼҿˡ
û뵽һģʵʱҲ΢΢˵ȴЩˡ
ҲûԷϴĨ˻ͱȥ±ϣæջȥˡעżȥˮˣֻǰ峵̫˶ٶһʱѡ
ЦҪ۰Ѱ峵ͷźͷ
ⷨӺãһͨһƥôණȻôˣϵȥҸ·ϰ˲
ҲûȻóʱıӾͳ
ϼ̫ۺͶģͷһ±ӼƬϡϳ嵭±壬ζ治ֱ˵ǹŴˡ
ҪԺӣ͵ʱðŵʳȥεͷΣӱˣɩȥ
һƾܣȥɣ·
һ·˻㵽ˮأʱ̫Ҳճô·ľ飬Ȼƨۣ·ۣ
ˮزͬڴС⴦سǱسȻСЩʤڷˮרŵУǿӵĺССǹ߳ȥľˡ
Ȼպؼ˵İæû˸ˡ
ؼˮؾ˵䲻ˮص̫үҪǺؼӣײǺؼңͷŵСåˡ
ŽɫãƯϵĿ⵹ǲ١
ЩԼԲסԼ׵ܵܣԽòȻغؼƣ
ֻ֪ĵǣЦãҪ⣬˻ôˡ
˵ʲôסˣӰְѶƤŵһߡ
¯Ҳ׼ˣ¯Ȼ󣬷ϹٷŸ±Ҳˡ
æµʱ򽪾۲ģΪʱ磬Ķ͵ĻģĶǸԣ˼ҵˣʱΪҲʱ
С¯ϵɩʹæ̯Ӿͺã±
Ц˻١
򶹸Ķ½½ĹŶƤҲȥһЩΪ֪кؼɽв˹̯˳׻
Ȼû飬Ҳɵ֪ǳźؼģҪʺؼҵ¶һ֪
̲סƳ˼һۣԼӽɵװͦ׵ġ
ʱˣζϵ΢˷Ʈʵ㣿ôôţҵ±ûôɣ
ЦеİѹƿŨζʱɢ˶˹
ϼˡ
ƺǮܣЦеŸտʼء


 21 

ĸˣʳһֳԵϲǰûŵôζѭζ֪ζǴ̯λƮġ
˴չʣϰ壬ɶô㰡ĿɨС¯ӰһǼ±⣿Ź㰡զ
Цеһһ
ô󣬡˶ʱüͷСӣ˼Ҽʮֺ˲ʮһţһе󰡡
ǵȻˣզ׬Ǯ
ҲգĿһֱС¯ЦҲط±⣬ζ͸֪óˡǮܲ׻
˵һŵжĵгһЩС飬˽㿴Ŀãͷǽζſȥǲóզ
ôܲóԣζˮˣٳԵˣǵðͷȥˡ
ֲʮǮɶġԱߵһֵӿڵ
ʼ˵˰˶Էһۣ򣬸ҳƶ
һҪʱˣæԷļһ¶ù
˿ͷͷľ˳ˣöܹ±⣬ܹ˱ûˣⶫеǣûؼԼһҲУųҲ㣬ܿ𳤶±ˡ
һæϱһæԼŶ̯ӡ
΢æʱ򽪾ϽϼζƮɢȥˡ
±۸ⶫͱЩͷҲֱӰļ۸ˡһζá
˳±⣬͸оٿһ̧ͷͼԶһʮĴŻŮһԹĿ
ȥŮ۾ҲûŲ޵Ŀˡ֣ϵɩŮʶ𣿡
ѭ߿ȥѽŮ˺ˮǼ±ӵϰ
ԭ̲סЦ˼ҵ֣ˮҲСѵ±⣿
Ϊˣ˵ǰҲ˿±ӣҽͻˣˮسǵҪ±ֻҵġ
¶ǲ⣬ŴȨ͵λ˾ͺð¶ұпɽˮسưҲҲпɽˣȿȣ
Ůϣ˵ˣæǼҺؼݣ۱ˡ
϶ʱˣۻһңҾ˸ģؼѵͲָ𣿡
˵˸Ǹ죬ؼҶֲãҲԼӣֻϽ˺˻ȥҲһأ
Ҳȷֻôˡ
±߰˰˵ʱȴĥˣ±ҪԺԼר
ЦЦдųӵתתơ
ڸؼҵ±ͷŵС̳װˣոʣµ±Ҳû٣ȫͷ˿ЦߣðЩˡ
ˮвٺͬȻҲܿ˳򶹸Źζɶ˵ˣԷһﳢҼүθڲá
һжֻ򶹸ĿյһľͲ٣û꣬ȴˡ
ϲпסӹľǱºãȳԶ󷽡
ǿ϶ˣũʳһ굽ͷûǮҲͷóԶ⣬سҪôҪôСôҲũҪǿڳԵķҲũǰ͡
ûǣɩ￪һҹæɡ
ûǮ¶֪ǮֻĵǼĵզ죿
ҵʵܹ࣬ĶһĶˮż黨Ѷ࣬޲òũеʱáҪˣ϶ˡ
ˣȻûͣµĵԱĵɣרŪӾͳɡ
ЩԥΪũ᲻õľǼĵˣ׬⣬ֵȴᣬݸǧдԴ󺵣Է˵ǳˣէȻǷֵؽЩܲˡ
Ҳû⣬ֻȻֻרֱ֣ӵȥǡ
»
ÿɷ񣬼ֻһˣμ¶ȻǼӣǰã¼Լμһʱǲܵġ
ǿԡͷյʱϣΪҴͷֱÿն±⡣
±ж׬Ǯ޶˸ɻļǮ׬Ǯյͷɡ
꣬»صУȥ˸ɫ˳ȥһ±⣬Ȼ֪ݣʱ̲סԼ±ģ㻹Ҽɶ
ҲգֻЦǴǲ
ȻҪġϵ۸һֽˣ㣬ʮġ
ǮҲƣԼиɶǵİ
˵Ҳȷɣ֪ܵ˼ҵɶζǡ
±ζһ棬лҲҪֻҵ±֪򲻹
ؼȥſھͼſͣһƥһ۵귭ܱߺӻˡ
ƺ
²Էж꣬Ӧþ˵вı磬֮ǰϺ;˸Ļ˵Цһû١
ϺͼҲûϵؼҵүĻһʱҲЩʧЦ
ܵűͻȻƼһϤŲʱתĿұã
˸񣬡磬ǽ
ŶĿתһȦƵеЩһ
֪˵ĴʲôƫƫǲǴбòɣܵС
һҿǺƤܵС
ͻȻõȽ˺ؼҵôĸúʰһˣ߯Ƿᡣ
ѣͻȻһ߿ӿҲĹȡ
ѽǰĻҪùˣ


 22 

ںӵһϵɫʱ䣬Ҳ˲Ϻͽˣһһ䣬˵ͷ
Цеõġôƽ⡣
תۼ޴ԺڳˣԼϵޡ
գգۣͷƳԺӵˡ
ӾȵˣĸϾͳˣȥˣƼǻûһɧĴѡ
ָָС档
С㹻ˣһ꣬ͷͰһӡ
໣ˡϱŸ첲ܣӲ֣Χ׷Ϻˡ
ڳˣһëӣҵüëӣ޴զ졣
Ϸɵˣ˼ẢӶأû뵽üëӣޡ
ĸŮĸʰ˸ȥסϵĸ첲ĸ뾸ˣ
Сˣôܲ롣
ҲܺӸˣŽĸ첲ȥϣߣǼȥ游ڼء
˽˴ͷӵʱࡣͷĴԲܶֻҪ˺ؼңؼ˶̬ȴܺãδΪԶǺƺҲֻ߶һ²δ顣
飬ٻȻˡ
һ˽˺ؼſؼҵլԺؼһǰ㵽װ긻լҲίʵˡ
Ľĵط˺ؼұЩţŵĸţüүһ˵ҳŻһ£ָָչ޵游ҺɽżȻһͷҰ±⣬һЩ
үֵ˾ͺãɶ
Ȼô˵ﻹǺܸ˵ģæȥһ£Ͱϯϡ
ЦТЦɾͺˣȥţһ١
үЦеźӵãá
˵űӽˣͷŵͷԴĺϡ
ӽݶ豭뼾˵һĿͿ򽪾Ŀⲻƣɱ
գգЦΪң
Цʱ˫ͷ͸޹˶˫˵õĻǴġ
Ϻͷ˹Щ֮ǰҪʵˣŤû¡
ʱѾ磬óü˺˵ţ±ⵥ˷ŵһУⶹƤúˣŵϵʱζ˱ǡ
үȻСںãθҲأ֮ȳ±⣬һȥ˵۾ˡ
ó𣿡۰Ͱ͵Ŀүʵ
үͷʵжжóԣųŷ¿̾ͷôͷһسôõ±⡣
һӺͺ϶±⡣
±ȷŽı׼ʵһЩϾºֵֻĴϣȫǰӴһǲһЩġ
ʱ±ýͣϷŵĸȫɳүĵڶָˡϾǰղûõ˿޵ĵز
΢ͼϿӲͣӼȥ
ûԺү˵˼游ʱǾڼ±ô
ү붼͵ͷУȻУζãˮؿ϶ĺá
ǡ˵ˮֻһ±ģʵұҵϱˣվڽֱ߳ǣͦ˵ġ
ңүЩǲˣ㿴ӡ
粶ݣ粶ǸˣǺؼҵġ
ô˵ףǵʱҪҪһ粶죿
ƳһЦһǺؼҰӵȴۡ
ŲȰȴۣӵϡ
ӵͷˡ
󽪾ү˵˻Ϊǹżŵ±⣬뿪ˡҪˮĻҲ࣬үҲδ
ӽͳţԽۺؼȻʲôŴ󻧣ˮػеӰģһ۶𡣡
һůллˡ
˶ٵΪûǣ
ɫһѾ˷Ϊ˲еҵˡ
ˣЦãǻȥ
νİ֣˭֪أǡ
ͼ޳˺ؼֻУһЩ±õĴϣֻЩϲȫٲ˼롣
׼תȻǰͷһ¥Ȳ֮
̧ͷȥȴľ¥֮оۼ˵ʮ˵ʱЩϴ˷ܣƺʲôһ㡣
û̫࣬ҪջĿ⣬ƼһϤӰ
һ°ɫѾϴķףӽĽǶȿȥֻܿԷĲǷʱŵЦ⣬ΧһƳȻЩ˷ܵŵĵطǼڵλá
Ǽʲô˾̾
΢΢ü
Ŀû˿Σ¥ϵļг߿
һƳڰ峵ϳ߿
ʲôߵ½ԭЦţͷҲ˹ȥ
Ҫתͷ½Ƹš
½˫Ŀɴ󣬾ֵŮˣò鷳İɣ
е˿ûΡ
½Ǽĺѣʱߣ˵¾Ҳ쳣ŭԽȻ
½üҰæ
ͷۣͻȻɣףƺˣ
һ˵ʲôо
񷽲½˵ʱﲢġ
Щķң½ҳȥ͸͸
½ش𣬼Ȼ˵Ŀг˾¥жż뿪ӰĿ΢½֣ȥ
½ЦЦ²֪
˾¥¥ǰȺѿӰ


 23 

ʲô
ûͷ֪ж뵽˵ĶԹ΢šûʲô
˵꼾δֱӽ¥ȥˡ
̬ȲãжƺҲ⣬ǳ˳¶һĨ̵Ц⣬ѭ֮ǰĿ⿴ȥȴҲʲôû
û˵𷽲ſ¶һ·ϻλƵ˼ңԶԶľƼǼԺͷΧ˲ˣﶼ롣
ˣ
ǳԤϣүָЩ󰡡
˸ǰ˺һӴϱˡ
ǣ㲻СӶء
ЦûãǲŲġȻԡ
ǽŰС¯ӻпӵжĺͼ̫ҲˣĹչ޼ˣϲˣ
ͷһһȫˡ
ȥͷҲʮȫ˿ɲһǮ
ĺͼ̫ǳˣſڵ˾ɩӣֲǼҿǴ仨Ȣ˸ү
̧ͷȥӴǸˣڴ仨̫ЦֻҪ۲Ϲ϶ѡѽ
һ䣬˶ʱЦ̫ɫǺʱƿڴҪС潸ҼҴ仨˲㻹ôڮҼҴ仨˲֪յĸ¶ء
̫ĻʱϺͼ̫ǻ˵ˣˣϲĿŽ½ٺ˴
ȻӲǳԿ۾һƳСʯӶ¼žһʹ̫
̫˵Ͷ֣ʱţӴһס죬ˡ
һ£һˡ
ˣ̫ɤӻ
һԡ֪ʱ̫ǰֵ˶ʱ𾪵ĿŽ
ֻļ˳ӻû
ڴҵӡŮ˶Ů˵İĵͷҲԼӣϹȥ
ɽԽͻ֣̿ܵ˱˵ڣһ˸ҲȶԷӽ̶Էˣʲô
̫ڴŴʲôԵ˴һﶼǾǸƤĻ첻ߡڽ˿ûһ˿˵仰
ο̫Ůڴ仨ϼô¶ҶǴΨһŻûףȻڣҶԾ̫󣬼㼾Ͼˣֻزý˰ĶҶʱڴ仨һҾ޹ȥȻᱻ˼ޡ
̫һˣǰòЩ־壬죬۵һ
üͷһ壬ˡ
̫Ȼһ٣Ž󲻾վվ
ûתԺüĸһ±⡣
ڶȻף˶ҨһôһղΪִľ¼᲻١
˶뿪ˣ˳±⣬ЦյĲ
ĺӣҶܸˣ۾ģӣҸ˵ˣˮȥϴϴѡ
ģȥϴ衣
ŵʱ򽪾ļƻ˵ˣԭͬɣûʵϻǵż̫⡣
̫ҪյʱҲȥĻûôɣϾҶũæ
һ㶣ĵǣЦҴֱȥģϾҪ֧ţסͶ࣬ʱˮۿȥȥۼһһ峵˷ӣºһȥأɩȥˮء鷳ĻӣӦ±⡣顣
һ±һɶ̫ϲǮҲɿһЩֵصʳһ굽ͷҲ׬˼ǮͷǾġ
˵ż̫Լ˷һ±ȥÿ̶ܸܲˡ
ЦԵĻÿҪһͷһͷˮҲԶǡ
ʱʵˮˮ۸ҲҪһЩ
Ӧˣڳ˷ţû˾ͻˣ˵ˣÿոɱһͷԼͦ˵ģ˵ҪԺõԼҲϼͷ
鵹Ǻãͷպ춨ȻҪĹӦй̶Ĺٺò
¶˵˯£ڶֽհ±ȥˮˣΪǰһĺã˶úóԣ˸Ķ࣬඼յˣǵʱѾڵˡ
±꣬Ƽ±ϣϷߺ޵ĵҧгݡ
ЦЦûᣬʰ˶׼ת
·ϣͻȻͣ£ÿӣȴ·վ󺺣Źһɷĵǡ
϶һۣ˲׹⼸˭ˣˮδǹˣֻ±±г˶Լҡ
ôǰ˭һ֪ˡ
ﻹиƯŮ۾ʱˣɫеŽе
ޣԽȥ
Ǵһ֮󺺶Կˡ
Ȼǿ׳˶ԿȴǲռϷģûĻÿӱ³סֵãҪȥ
ŵȰ׼̣֮ĿһۣɩĪ£ȥ硣
˵
ȻûϵһŮ֮ʱɫеС£ˡ
ʱŭ롣
󺺹ЦʶȤĸϽߣǲˮأһδһΡ
ƲƲ죬Ƶߵͷ峵ǶֱӰжĵסһ֮ǰѹŶĹӵǰͷ
ˣȥȻỤġ
ҡͷŶ˵ģ
˲𻰣ȴҲûзϡ޼ɵĳŽ
΢΢üӦҪ֣
һɫеСӹԹǼȻᶯ֡
붯֡Ц
ʲôһ㶣ɫ٣˶һۣСҪЩͷˡ
˱ǮȻ׷Źǣ½ԹǻðҷԸ۶Էһء
˶һۣĹӾͳ˹ȥ
ļ̣űľ뵲ǰͷȥ
˭֪ӱ͵ľͳ˳˹ȥ



 24 

ϱӽǸͨŮƯһ㣬ȭĲҲֻΪ˷ûʵս顣
ɴԽСƼ˸ڻ£⼸Ҳ͵͵Թˡ
ʱ׳ֻǸȫˣǼֻƽ뿪¶ܡ
ԼҲûܹһн˻ˡףֻûзǸŮȻ䲻⡣
ֻҪһ׳ôƱػ˼ɣôͼټ˱л㶨ˡ
ԽŹӳȥʱþȫӶͷϡ
׳뵽һûô󣬱Ц䣬ȴӴŷ͵˸ǰõʱΪʱȻϡ
꣡
һͷѵ
׳Ⱦˤڵϣͷֱ۳һ㺹
СġûϵͻȻ֣׳֮࣬æ󣬡ĪҪǿ
ûǿ΢΢ϱδг˵ʱ򣬲Ⱳȴ֣¶ԷǺˣҲһɺ¡
׳ȥ鿴˵Ĺ⣬ͷѵʱҲǷǳ𾪡̧ͷĿŽްϷʡ
СǶǲСһһֵܼһǲˡ
˵˲ٷϻеĹӾͳ˳
һֱţŹӺͼһ۳˹ȥ֪ԷзųԷȳȥʵʵ˸ǰʱȶԷӣһڶԷĺϡ
һȫһ߽Է˳ȥԷˤڵ˼û
תͷһ뼾˹Ťһ𣬽ҪȥͼŹȥһõԷˡ
׳ͷһۣƤһ˹ȥ
·ǵԶԶıܿˡ
˺һƨȥˣɫ԰׵ɱˣ
ôЩҡͷιȥˡ˵ſ򽪾ãô죿
ҲǻղŵĴĴ󵨣¡˼ס磬ӽϣſڡ
ЩԥǣǾͺҶˣҪҪŪʣȥ
ҡͷҲˣˣҪΪ¶游ҲãϾؼҪˮֱֱַӽӵſȥ֪ǲǾˡ
Ҫܣæӹȥ˨ͷֵͷˮء
ʱֵ磬˻٣⼸سҲвʶˣֻˣһ䣬Ȼͼͷ˩󺺣ʱȵôˣ
ݣǳ˳ûһͱסڿ˵ָʹʰǣǿƽͷϰգⱲӶû˽ǡ
ǿʳ˭ˣ
ҡҡͷڰ峵Ͽ˵ȴǲ˵ˡ
˵ֺ棬ҪȥţɳŷҲԣ˱ںͷȥˡ
ϵĳݣУ
веĶȥüͷ΢úؼǣƾҲֵôҵϣҲûޣʲôҲ˵ӵſڡ׵Ȼ¶Ҹɵˡ
Ҳͷһظ¶һϵǰ¶Ȼ˿ǰֻ±⣬Բʱ򲻵òȥ򣬵ѡζʱɵ˲ȥء
㲻óԿɫ԰׵ϣǹһĨЦԵ²°ҹţҵǺ˼µ˻ʲô³
۾ֳ˵ģû˵¶Χ۵Ҳ¸߰˰ˡ
˺ݻüϳ뿪߳ȥԶŮ˵ƺйء
û˵ƺǿ϶¶޹أϿ鷳ˡ
ǽ±ǰһӣƨһɲˡ
Ƭ̱¶ǻǸ游˵һȽϺãһǱؼʹܵþ˾֪ô¡
ͷȥؼң߳ȥûԶһ̧һƣɲǺϡ
Ƽԭкȴ֪ΪԶԶıܿˣϡ棬ûֱȥ˺ؼҡ
һ˵ɫЩѿ֪ŮҾ£ǲǺؼҿˣҷģ¶˾˶׵
Խһů΢΢ҡͷ˾ˣ¸֪˾ֻþ˾˾һЩҺʹ罫ӵſˣʶȤ󶨲ΪǣǻʶȤ˾ٳֱǡ
ŽŮĳˣ֪ΪˡЦЦ׾˼ǺؼȻƫˮأɲңҵĿɽ粶죬ҲǺؼΪѵġҰĻȥǣ
áӲ¶ﰲģҪӵһȹձܶˡ
ϲл˾ˣ࿴˱˵һöǮ
СӼҼҵõǮ˵ŲȽ뿪ˡ
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·Ͻͼޱ˵¶뼾̫˵Իֻ˵ȥؼŻˡ
ϵʱͽ̫ӣҺͼСıİսķ±һʱֽʣµ±ϡÿ±ˮ̣ȻڷһϷǵû˲ɡ
ȥ±ⷢ±ĲϾ±ˮտԷʹãζŨЩµĴζ֮ǰá
罪ȥѿһſŶѿѾˣžͱȽϲˣٹձܳˡ
̳һЩѿ⳴ˣζʵ缾ֳ˼ӻݺõĶ˶ѿ
νûˣϾﶫ̫࣬ඹѿɷŲ£ָӼºֵѸڷķʰӷ˽ȥ
̫æϸпǳǰľӦµӣû뵽˸ۼҴô档
ЦͷıãֻȱӾǡ
̫ʱЦۣĺãϱҲĿӿ϶ҲǸģҪٺǵгϢǾ͸ˡ
Уͷע⵽̫Ŀ⣬֪ΪͻȻʹ
Цűء
ʱһ
лҪ˵ǰ춨ʱˣڷȷ½~ôôžԽԽٵĵʹ޷

 25 

ӣ
һʱͷߣǲǷһٳɸɣҲŵùҪ֪ΪĹ󣬿ڷģһı䲻Լ֮˵ˣǻˣ
ңͼڿЭޣë߶Ӵ
ֻûָӼºʰ
ڴԼ̫ǺˣС
ɲСϷ޶ʮˣʮأȼºҲŴء
ûڰѶѿַźˣҲΪѷע˼ĺӣҡСԴ±һջʼԼž԰ѶѿĿҲǷֿˣǸܸģ˶ͦ˵ġ
ۣȻ˯㣬ڶϽʱЩû
۵ӣϢһգ
ҡҡͷϷÿհҹĥĺӣҲǰҹƤæ̫ͼº趼ɻʵͼԪԪŰ곤ʱ
Ҫʵ˯磬˯ʱ仹ͦġ
˳ŵسǳϵĹͽ±߰˰ˣϢʱϳ˳䣬ãǱߡ
ѭŤͷͼվڼԶλãƺľᡣ
ɫ䣬̫̫Ҫ±⣿
һסţȻϵϣ˵ϻʱҲˣվԱ֡
ɫܲÿ۾Ҳţ֬ڸҲܿĳиӡʱ˵üͷĽģҡҡͷ򡣡
Ҫռ˵ЦԱߵҪ±⡣
ϼѹЩŭκշǵûʰСˣС˷һ£һƣʵ¡
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ЦҾ֪̫̫ʱˡ
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Ϸߺޣȴֱֲӽ˵˵Ҿˣˮóˡ
ɫԱߵ˳±⣬ֻûƼϣһ£һͷˡ
Ҳ֪ԼĵԣԶԶţŶԷСӲúŪЦ˴£һֱֲ̿Խ̫̫Ǹ
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ֱ׵˵Щÿˣ˵һӶûˣڨЦӴ´£̫̫Ī׷
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΢΢ɫЩ˸УҲʮˣȻҼƽϵģɡ
ڨڨĹ֣Ƕл̫̫ԭ
⻰磬˵ԭҲ˵ԭ£ϵЦסˡ
˵ֳֵֵҲģʲôҪȥ˵Ƕæ
Ҳҡæ֡
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ȴôˣ˭ҵǸ⵽̯λǸ˭ҵǸֵġҴ׿¾뵱ô˵潪ΪҲòܡ
ڿֹΪԹǸɡ
ǼȻǳĵǸΪλ档ǹȻ粶쵱ɽǸȻ粶첻ͺؼֽôҷ޿Ҳ粶ġ
ǸĲϣǼҵȻԸȥˡ
޵ڵǸҲ˵Ϊѣоѹ˲ûгĵǸˡ
ɫÿ̾˿ĵƹȻѾǲÿһЩüء
һɫѿΧô࣬˿ֵĺܶǵ±ģҺԻ͹
õ±Ǵȥˣ
ЦеȻҶϲһξ֣ͣ׬Ǯ˭ͣ˰԰ƹ񡣡
ЦЦˣϵ۾Ҫˡ
ǸŭԵģŻͦ˳ĵģʱ˲١
һˣ˳±ʱͶһ㣬˸˵ֱЦƹܺð
׬Ǯв˵ģ
һ仰޵ֱҪ´ˡ
˼˻վԷ̣ϻã󱾾Ҫ棬ʱɫѿϱ뿪ˡ
뿪æһӣĲˣϲŵǵҲ֪ºôˡ
Ǵһͷն±ˣǴĴ룬ʣµСʮﱻºԸ´ȥˣºһСͷһԼϵҲ
ȴģЦºصĺܣȻϿȻû⣬ĲҲԼԾˡٲñˣ϶򡣡
һЦЦҲǡ
ͷʰ׼ȥ̾ôû𣿡
üҲǾͲǺˣ֮ǰʲôûǾ鷳ѲΪǾͲˣ
ˣж׬ǮĺܡҪǮ뽫Ԫȥ飬ЩҪǮôˡ
̧ͷҧɣ۲ǡ

 26 

ʱ⼫ˣôͶˣοֲֻпɽǼҲпɽƽҲ۵ǸˣҪͨ죬ô˵ʱ
Ҳԡ˼ЦЦǲǡ
ϲһ㣬Լף˵һͨ˶ǺˣദҲࡣ
ȥһǶ±ҲͶˡ
ȻصѾΣ±Ҳ׼ˣǾȵǼºĶʮ±⾹Ȼˡ
ǻСӸ˵Ū㣬ڸӶȥתת
ûע⣬ȴüº費ҸӣĿЩƣʱɡ
סºӣ˵ǲɶˣ
ºգգۣ͵ҡͷ˵
¶ˡۣ˵ҾͰš컹±ȥ
λεвüºɴ۾ȥۣ˵ɶ²ܸġ
ºüǶ岻˵ġ

ɿϾǸӦ˵ˣûһ仰зһ壬¶ҵ¶˵͸˵
º豻˵ЩΣڼĵֻܿڣҽձЩ±ȥ¯ŵ̫ˣͬҪѹûȥĵطԺͶˡ֪Ϊɶ岻Ҹ˵
ͬ°͵ͷǸõȺ塣
ϵĶ˹ƼҾõҲûżԣʱ϶ɡΪβüº˵أ
żº۵ͬȥģ
զ֪º辪ȵʢ±ʱ͸ſڵһû뵽˺öˡ
һЦˣ߽أû뵽Ҳһס˵ǹģȻô֪˾һϲ±⣬üºſڵء
ºĽҪôͺˡ
ٺЦ飬ôȥУҪ͵Ԫһȥ϶ȥ
һ⻰˶ʱ˹
ϺͼľϲºȴԴҡķɿ죬Ҳȥҿ鱾ͷۡ
Ԫȴ˹ȥȥҪһţԺТ⡣
ϣǵԪȽϹԡû뵽Сһô𣬾ƾͱϲҪԺ٣ľԱȽϿ졣
ϵɩȹհȥɡ
Ϻͼ⣬żºԥˣɵº趼ʮˣǲ̫Щ
ЦҲָܶʲôôȥһذȫˣдͳɡǲʶֲдզɣ
ЦȻԼºҲһȥ
ºĸǵģǿˣڼ˵˲㣬˵˲㣬˵ˣһдԼ֣Ҳ
ǾȥѰټǧ־ȫ˻д˵Цһթ㲻˵ΪôˣãˣһҪϧ
º趼Ҫˣҿá
ǱġЦУԺТء
˵ĶԻѼ޶ˣ̫Цᶼˣȥãȥá
⼸±׬˼Ǯü̫ϣǰʱż޹飬;öԲǷ޶ˣлֲȻֵĳȫ
ĶѿѾˣڶյʱ򽪾Ǳˮȥˡ
ѿҲУģҪõܶඹѿɫģһɶζҲóԡɽȴۿɰűϲˣһƼһЩ±Ͽͻ㶼ӴһЩĲ࣬ʮﶹѿܿˡ
ĶѿΪʱ̫̣ʱˣΪϷƳ̻صϼӶӣֻ߰ѿˡ
ºڶմʮ±ţʱǸ߸˵ģž֪ȥˡ
ºصĶԽұҵˣ㱻̯ӣ˭ˡ
塣²⣬ҵˣգ
ԣǽС˾ˡºһ㶼ûýͬĽվ˾ʲôףС˾ѧϳ˳־Ͱæˡ
Ľհ
ʵ̫æˣԼܸܵˣû뵽ж꾹Ȼְæˡ
ȵȣѧ
бҪжˡܹǸܵסУȻպں海ǿɲˡ
ԭļ֪ԭͽչϵԭķҲܲܣοսջüױء
Ȼ˵ụ̂¶üﲻǡ
ðʧУޣж¶ճˡ
Լºټ˵пһˣ˵¶
ɣԼˣѧءº˿ûǱ˽յĸоöǳҪء
ڶռº˵ˣȹ
ĥĥСӾǷʰʵæҲŲʱȥʰʵڲеӿˣøպú̸̸ˡʱӲС
˼պúȥи̸߽ˣýȥ
ʱˣҲҪʼˡ
źö˸ɻ¶⻹óȥջƶ˵Ǽæһˡ
ϴ˰ݻ·һݾƼƽȵڴǰǰ̧ͷƳһۣƺ֪˵ʲô㳯˵ͷ
Դ̯ƺ󣬽ͼһֱ޵ľ룬һֱӳͷȻ·ͻ
㡭
˵仰û뵽һͷƼһĨĶǶʱɤˡ
лҪ˵˸ߴ͡

 27 

ȻǺ죬ͷҲѸת˻ȥֱͦȴܻң˲ɫǸʧˡ
ķӦ̲סЦˣŸճ´أû뵽ɡҲڹŴᵱ¶ϱӴŵŶòãἾƼʱֻ¶˶Ƕء
Ȼô룬ŽЦ绨ͻȻѿڶһḺġ
ʲôЩΪˣ·ãߵǰһ䣬㷽˵ʲô
źΣЩ뽪ӣǰܿǶɫᶨ˵һḺġȻ֮ʧȴа
ǴɲˡϵЦ⵭˵˵ˣҲ⡣
ǡüͷ壬ﲻ֪ΪΪ⻰Щã֪ΪĲ⻹ʲô
ĺ鳹ûˣҲģǳ׵ʱҵȻаûз֮ʵûصĵطϣǶǷޣ˿ҶǻƻŮǣڼѵЩ̫𣿡
Ļ˵Ĳ棬ڼȴͷ˵Ŀð亹
ˣѾףǾǷޣʲôûУһս뿪ңָʲô۹⿴
ԭǸ˽̱񶾵ŮˣܰοԼҵģϾɵģĽǿˣҪЩ԰ۣﾹĲˡ
Щ˵Ǹʲôо˵Щʲôȴһ仰Ҳ˵ԼиͷڽȥҪȢޣĽȻʲôòġ
һһڸһԸˣ⣬һӦʹȥ
ָ΢΢ĲŽξû˵
ҲûǾ˻̫ѪΪ˿ǡ
ͬ鲻Ǹ飬οûʲôãҪһʱϢءŵ㣬ڵȼպΪñҿɽ
ȻгһգǱ˴ҵϲǸãԻޣҲǲ
˿ȻˣǼҲüƽǡ
ôƽ
̧ӵѾѹ£㿪ӣҪɩǰæֻǮǣ֮ǰ±ǮṩģҲȥ԰ͷ䣬ߣΣ
ͷԣ¶Լ˵ȥ
֮ǰ±׬Ǯô⣬Ӻ¶ԭ㣬ô˵أû뵽ˣʡ鷳ֵܻء
ڷӵ£ͷͬķĿ¶һһζ˺Ϸ޺ͼ̫ҲⷽӸҲûʲôϾԴóԵĶأںһӣȻҪȥˣϾҪˣɲһֱ
¶ǸѣӶ˵ȥ̸һ°ˣҲøϽȥ򼸸׼ѵŲǡ
ףá
֪ΪΣӦˣﷴЩʧ䡣ܾȻ˹ϵƵĸԶ
һ뽪ֻ׬ЩӺ뿪ңľȻԼ
һǰһȥţ̫Цеĸ˼вǶһЩ
æݶӻ飬̫ȥϢҲˣžϢ²ǲġ
վˣȻˣż̫ڵӣ˵̫ű¶Ƴۼ̾
׿˵ʵǸ̸ĺѡȻ˹ŰȤһЩżڲôʱҲͦ˵ġ
ӡ
̲ס£ɲ뵱أŮãĸΪ˵Ǯݾ˯
ҲעϢ̫к΢΢Ȼݡ
ɴϾ˯˹ȥ
ʱɫ磬ǰд֡
Ϧ͸ĲϣͶӰǷĲ䵭˫һʱýЩˡ
ˣͷƼ㶵ֵʲô
㡣ѿڶ
ֺˣĪĺһֽʰϢȥɩ˵
оȣ֪ǲĴüŵЩ
֪뼾˵ģ֮ǰ˵Ѿ˵ˡ
ŵʱ򽪾żЩãʵҲףûʱŬ׬ǮΪľһСù⼾Ǯ
ò׽׬ǮˣȴҪǮֿ㡣
ܺܲŹ֡
˵ǣ̫ɫҲЩήңŽʱ̲ס̾˿
ܺ漾˵ģʹ˵ʲôϾӵǮתʽǱǮҪǮûô󷽵Լļױҵĵ˵ͼֻӷޣķҲܹǮָ˵ĵ
Ƿ£޹أѾ御ҲԵ𼾼˶ĺˡ
󽪾Ժʳ½ǹɩ
£
ҧͷɩ㿪ӣҲȥæ𣿡
ȻԡЦʮˣǵ˵ˣ
˵ЦЦ粻˵żңҵʮ˵ײ١
żĽεģʱȻԼƾ·İԣ괺ǣʱʮߡŵúͽʿżȻǲͬġ
⿼ǽ޳ɣֻҪӦûġ
Ӧˣ˵ҡĶʱƳ۴ǱߣСɩɩģɩͦõģ˾ͺˡ
ӦһϺͼΪ˶ģʱֹҲǿԡףҲһ⡣
ͻȻӵˣˡ
ɩˣʱ׵ġԱ˳ִԱץһιΧļ
Ŷһת·ȥϴˡ
ıӰ죬͸ĸоˡ
ȼطŵȥˮؿӣǺʾֱӰˡ
һãҪһȥ
ҡͷֵ˾˵иԺҴȥס
έϯһ٣ɫһû𻰡
㲻˵ǾǴӦˡ绻˯£ڴЦҰͲ˯ˡ
Ŀβŵ²ʡ
лҪ˵V0һַ£Vк䡣

 28 

Ļ˵ļȻ, Ҳ˵һ㣬Ž㵵ı飬ɫδ, ǸճףڼҲ÷ֿסƼǷޡ
˶, ϵԽ֣أָȴԾĽ, ƺ, ǼֻҺʹ磬ɩǺ, Щ׬ǮҶ, ûʱͷּҵĵȻұЭޣǶжҲұǣ޹ءֻȻ, ҶҲ󡣡
üż, ҲԶסصķǳ㡣
ԭˣ
΢΢, ˫΢΢ʹɫ, Ȼ, »ǲסҵȫķӡ
ʵԼ뵽һӣⷽ˵»˵ĳİ·ˡ
̸ʹ뽩֣׷ͷ, ƺҲΪֵļլ
Ȼ˸ճûãһס׵˵϶Ҳ˵˵СסĴСĻ
ѵҪżһסȥ
üͷ壬뼾ϵٽҶӵȥǲľˣԺ󲻹ܶǼǺ¡
ʵõķУǲ֪ϲˡ
έϯ̺ã˹±Ž
ڽĵطָΪ΢΢ףǳĸղжš
ͻȻǲý뿪ġ˵ô಻˵Ľڰˡ
۾²ᣬҶ˼ȻǩЭ飬Ǳúزǡ
Ǻء
󱳶Ȼһ¶ɬȻĵ»Ǳˡ
ȻŽŵ˵ʲô
Ц˵Ǻ룬ǾûϵˡȥסǻؽҶ뼾޹أҲÿˣΣ
Σ
ſٵ֪ΪʲôԭŽĿĲš
֪ǰŮ˲ԭĽѾǰŮ˻飬ɵ˵⻰ʱзŭŭżͻš
ϸΪβ뷨ֻڷɿתţҳһͷ
ȻͷԼͽסʲô
һֱϲ׮µһֱѵ
Ϊνʱż˺˲ˣ
ָ΢΢ĲŽ˫ӿȥýɡ
֪еĽƣֻȻǺɩԸȥæҲǺ£Ҳܾ
ǰļˣԼܻڼҴϺܳһʱ䣬պ󻹵ñĴȡ·ֳһɩҲͶʣʵǰֻᵽسסȥѾ˲޴ķ磬Ǿֻǰֵˡ
˵⻰ʱﾹһ˿˿źԼҲ˵źʲô᲻üϾʵںÿһӵʱ¼ô˧С⣬ԼʱԾɲò˵һÿ
ȻĻȴΪ٣ƺĪ裬Ȼɲء
һ㶣ʲô
Ϭ֮仯Žһһٵһ⡣
뽲Ϊʾ֣شӴſ㾡˵
ȴż˵ˣͷӬֱ죬ǷЩˣ˵˯ˡ
㡭ңǲǣڣ⻰ƺ쳣ļѣ˶񣬿Žǲһ˿Ҳޣ
һ㶣⣿
Ů֮
ĵı齥ȥ
һǵĸʱڰŸĸЩܼ£ڴ껹Ͱְ˵𿪵ҷֵ¡ȻٸĸȴΪһʡ
ѧδҵԼҵҵ棬ÿæŵ£п̸
Ȼİʱգֽ̿ȥʱһ˿ҴԽˣδĻϲ˭
ϷżʱҲֻǵϷȤɵ⻰װ˵ʱȻһ˿ãȻ
֪
ĳĬãȻڼɫ䣬˼Ϊ֪Щ΢΢Ŀɬƴζƿһ˵ĸо
ֱͦȻɻέϯЩĮá
֪˵⻰ʱжôӣǿŤĹϲҪ뿪Ҳûȥǿ
ûͷûβһ˵Ĳ岻ȴ˼Ӧˡ
ɱø˵ȴЩ᲻żģС
ڵľ
պڣڡ
ԭһزȥһ޴ȥȻȥˮأˮкؼңؼһỤȫ
Ȼһ٣Լе޴ȥʱڼңпɽˣмױˣҪһ߿ˡ
ŮռȫˣôãϾһֱΪòСŮš
΢΢üǷĸоɲá
żǸ˵Ǯ飬»ᵱΪǮء
ǣˣǲø㡣ÿִĲø㡣
ɻش˼飬ƳۼһӣͻȻȻ ֮ǰ˵Ƹɩȥ¶ǲġ
ɲˡЩƣŲɵǼûǵҪĵزҶһ룬뼾ұûйϵҲҡ
ЩʧЦĹȻأһǳ
üΪǿϣ
û
Цȥˮֻǵһ껹ȥؿһҡˮصӻ¿ӣҪ֣ǴҲˡɩΪ˺ҲҲɲ̫ࡣ
ЦЦ̫ɾˡ
˼ǴҲܲ뵽ЩǺ죬ҲҺŽȻĻǸöඪ
˯ˣʲôʱпոд飿
ЦôȲ뿪𣿡
üû˵ȴĬˣЦһżڱɸд
Ȼ˵Ȼûд˼
űŤˣҲû˵ʲôֻһǣˡ
έϯһԣ񷽲˵ǻĲһ񽪾仰ûиһ
ڶһ缾ɫ糣ĸ׶š
Ҫȥӣżһţ˭֪ͼҲųˣһ̴ֲЩΥ͡
ԼûʲôЩѾϰߡ
ɻĿ΢΢ףȥæ
˶ʼæˣҵļĶ˹æҪʲôֻʱһٷÿٸһǮͿԡ
û˵ͷͿڳϲߡλƵģͷ˲ӵûôѰ
˯һ֪Ѿˡ
ҪüûԼʹӳϱˡ
ſյָ֣΢΢µ˻ϵˡ
ﵭĿɬЩ
̯һ˾ﲻ˵Ź˹СϱļŹÿǷ׷׹Ŷ򶹸ǵýǰ±˶Ǳȥ
ӵķǺÿвŮòһԡ
ǣпŮվһĿ
ЦǱƳһۣȴͼ߶Ըţ䵭ͷּæˣһȴƷԾɲˬ
ԼӦɶˬģҪӦᵽسҲں밡
Һ˵ã˵֮ʱܱ׽÷ݺԵأ治֪ʲôòˬġ
æĲˣȥؼңʣµĵתӵʱ˱á
ûͼˣüʵǡ
˵һȥġɫ糣
̧ͷ۲Զ꣬Ц㲻õˣұˡ
Ծһɧĺ£ԶƼ·
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򴽣ϵ˽ǰҵˡ
δڣףС˭
С
ЩЦȻ˫ΣյĿϣ¼ķ
ҧļأƺѽѾ׵ʵ
ԺҲû룬ʿкķʽºϣĵױ֣ʧʧ
΢΢ףȻû̸˼
֪ţֻΪƲͭǸݣҲûϸȥк
ˣǲˣϱǣͬУҵѾȥǱˣҲֱӹȥá
¶˾˾˰æȻӶֲˡ 
֮ǰ˵һ죬س룬λüãǺؼ·¸ͷ˽ˡ
ϲİ֣˵ĻǶһ𡣡
˵⣬õȷһˣȴĪ˺һĿִӽԹüͷ΢΢
һˣأʲô
ͻȻһʲôǶǿˣûһꡣ
ϳ࿡һ¼Цӳĵ˶ޣĽЩơ
ﲻɰ룬ǽˣǻ᲻ʹ˼޸ϣ
Ͼӷ޻күǳ۰ϲʱһ޿˵ؼҷĻ
뷨üܲܣһ·϶ǳĬ
˲ʱس룬ҵַǷ·޽ӣµϵģ¥߲һȫС
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ЦôĵطҪӿ̫ˡ
Ƴһۣдһ˿ȣЦԣͦʵġ
˵촽ʲôû˵
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¥Сһ౻ĸ䣬¥ʣ䶼ŪˣõӶˡ
濴ȥͷԺӣǰͷӺͺͷԺмеǽǽϿһţ˴ŽȥʱȻʣԺӵȷС
䷿᷿ͥǰһӣʱѾˡԱ߻һѼܡȻɫ
ԺʰķǳɾҲи
벻ͨԺƹΪҪȥ
ǿɻ󣬺ЦƹĶȥĸȥҪƹȥ
ԭˣǾѹˡ
ƹǲĿԺӵס˼ʮˣ˵᲻ˡ
ЦƹպǻԿԹơ
ˡƹЦԼľͲԼˣжӵĵطǼңﶼһˡ
ƹˡ
ȥŹ飬֣ӣҲǽˡ
ԺĶƹҪĶˣߵĶͱ˽
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ŽҪסЦҲãҲЩպѮݹҲԶ
һû˵ƳһӦһ
ʱȣӦʲôҪ˺òã
ʱ䲻罪˾ˣҴȥЩ˻þѵš
ǺؼеҸ㲦һЩȥӲ
ҡͷ˾ˣҲһӶǡ
ü˾˻
ÿĻҪġЦ̹ȻñȵʱҪԼѵԼİ
˵ͷɣýһ˾ǡ
ʵ֤úӰæ˵ȷûֻʵĳӻõģѡȴ⡣
ȻУ˵Ӻе䣬㱻ʮվԺеȴѡ
Щգִվʮǽ̸ʣµõĴӵģְˣȻ˰˸
ƳԱվŵļŮԣԽԼźԺϴźġ
ϲź򣬵ףҲ֪һЩЩŮܹʮʮߵĹƺǽãֽһƺ±˷ֿһ
Ȼ۹ⶾҲԼ˵ķԽþͲЦɡ
ʱڵϸͷһʮںԺġ
ʼնδǹӵʱҲûŽĵˣľǲһˡ
ܿϽʿҲ޷֤ܹ׵
֪üһֱʮ˴ӼԾɻز
æŰЩˣӵô˶סԺҲ㣬ԺǽһЩ˷һԺֻסɡ
޲ɣסԺҲû⣬ôء
Ǻӱúϻ˺ؼ˸ǽ˹ʮ˽Ҫĵط
ؼ˹ѽ˹ҴүںؼңȻȥˡ
̲סۼɻϳ
һεᡣ
ͻȥˡӱ˵˭
һСӵүССĻᡣ
ˣǹȥү˵·ߣǰЩȻҪǾ;ɡ
ЦӦˣߺӺͺϣԼ߰ɡ
˳ţϳ˵ӣǳܵûȥүϳ
һһλƵĳӣ򴽲ŵȥˡ
ｪҲ޷ӦԱŲŲ¡
£΢΢Ƴһۣʲôʱ
ǷԽԽðɡ
ŶӦһ
ʼûд¡
ὪҲûʣ룬һһûʲôֻҪĶԡ
˴Ŵʱ򽪾ۣͦĺֱƳ۽ڵΪڲǺĺʱ
ŶһȻء
˫Ŀһʹ˵ģסȥ
޲ɣԡ
䵭ףȴԾ˿Ӧˡ
뵽һ㣬̲סЩϲ漴ְüյôˣһ˼Щ£ѵ֪飿
֪Щҡ
ǳһ㡣
ȷ޲ɣϾʱĲǺʱԼν˵ĭӹƶҼ˿ҲǸǱɣ½ǮҲԭϸŵġڳûþͺ룬˵ˣºؼ˶Ҳп
ڲͲɣʱҲ࣬ҲֻǺƽദЩ鷳Ҳ
صҽͼ˵˴е飬ϺͼƺҲͨˣɫָųԷĹϵҺ͵ҵһ£ڶҲˣֵҲ÷ּˡڵպӣõǣǾȥæһùǮǲҪǻֵء
˶ٵֻϣǼƤѿǾͲˡ
˵⻰ʵǳȵģ붼Цɩ˵ʲô·˼ҲȻһˡӾҪ֣ɩǺˣɩ˵ҲҪǵġ
˵Ϻͼ˿˺ܾãǿóǸбµģҲֻҪǺúøɿ϶ǡҲֵػǮԶͺȥ飬лùǮҲǺõġ
ϾؼңкؼҰģ϶ˡ
ǶлáʵΪǺˡ
º۾ڴĿŽҲȥɻҸõġ
ЦУ˵պȥȥѰټ־ǧȫ˻дͿæˡ
ºʱͿ
ʼռûּ¶֣ǷɩҲֻܵպˣûҪ󽪾ġ
ֻ뽪˵ڷּңɵɩʱɳܵľȻĶˣ֪뷨ԣ̲סϲ
쳣ܣսʤϲ֣صɩڲʺϷּҡ
ԼĵܵܣȻ˽⣬Ҳ֪룬ЦЦɩ֪ﲻܣǶɼˣҪּҡ㲻ҪöԴɩԸ⹩ʵҲǴ˽ĵġ֪ǴûţͯûУСȥ϶ʱչֳ츳
ƺΣʱӱ˵ָߣֻҪúõѧһдϢġʱ룬ܿϣǲҲմ⣿ҵĶǲҲܱóԳֵܼĸ飬Щ˽֧Һɩġ
Ŵ磬ζӳ£Ȼô˵׻ΪϾֵгϢôҲȲ˶гϢɵºʮˣδܶ顣
º͵Ц˵ûҺŵԪһѧгϢ
Ԫֱ壬ҿ϶úѧġ
ۿЩȣɩ御˵Щοžǿɳܵϲ
ǷּҲֵܣպճܼ棬á˵ٺٵЦˣ˵Բԣ
̫ĨĨᣬԡ
ΪԹߣҲпĶ࣬ϾּΪֵģסһ˿ɳܵĸо
˵ʲôּҵĻ˵
ˣ̫ҲݰѼҵļҵ˳
ۼʵûɶҵʮжʮ±׬ģ֮ǰ˵ģ϶ҵõģʮóʮ϶ҵģʣµʮóʮҺĹúļױʮƽְɡ̫˵žͰӺͭ𣿡
ʣĿȴϣ̫ϻ
Ȼζ˵ʲô͵ʮҪˣǵĸǡ
϶Ȼ򽪾Ȼˡ
գգ۵ûּ֮ǰ׬ӱ͸ó乫ֱƽ־ǣ͵Ϊȥѧɡ
ȣ滹õϷ޵ĵطǰǸӡҲҴԽ˸ůҲʵܵҵĸо²ҪʮҲʲô
ǮǮɽǫȴϾǻ˵¶սӡ
ֻּܶ˼˵Ѿǳˡ
кᣬģҺ϶úøɡ
΢΢̾Ϣá
ֻм˼Ŀ˽һۡ
üл˵
˫Ŀǿգȴƺ򷽲֮¶ЩˮýЩ˽ȥæŲߣɩȻѾ˵ôҲ˵һ䣬ȥһһͬʣΪ˾ƫ̻
æףҺ綼ףþܷıǣԵı²󣬰ؼ»ġ
̫Ҳû£ҲӦ
ЦȻŴɩġ
ƳһֱۣӲˣ񶼰˰
˵˽Ҫȥס飬ϾҪسסҲЩ̫ûʲôϾǷּˡ
ҼĶҪҲֻǰļױطˡ
ϽǶ뿪ˣ̫ס϶˵ǲìˣ
΢΢ֱӷ񶨣ûСϹ롣
Ϊû˵һȥ¶̫׻ˣǸճûãʱͲ࣬ѮݵʱҲһ𣬳޼ĸ飿
Ĭ
̫̾ǻûԲɡ
һû
ɼ̫ȴѾȷ£ʹˣ˴СϱԲûԲ۲һ±֪ԭԾ񽪾ԸԲ
ȴֲô£ͷһͷǵġ
벻е⣬ȴֵģϾ˳ɳͬ˵ĻŲԣ˵˽ٹЩڵľˡ
̫ήңĳĶԼ϶ǼǱȲϸ˼ңҲвŻԼǰ̣ѾȢˣʲôԭ򶼸úúദӲǡ˵Ů׷иɴ׷ŮɽŮ˵ֻҪĶԴʯͷҲȵġ
㱣ǡҲ֪Լʲô⡣
̫ҡҡͷûʲôǣŮӼ˾ǵڶͶ̥ûĸŮ˲ϣи۵ġһǱȥԿĪԼڡ
ĪԼڣ
Щ죬뽪ദʱ˵ǳĶ̣ԭȵ֪ҲֻǶԭ˸˵֪Ľȴ֪֮١
ֻƼĲ⣬ֻƼʻڼûеġ
֪ô룬ýһֱе뿪ҹԼӣĳŮ֮£Ǻ⡣ϲòҲΪĻ߾Ȥ
̫˵⼸Ҳ˵ˣȥ˯ɡ
ݳ᷿ӳŵӰһ㱣Ӧ᲻İɡ
лҪ˵ͺӴ~
ĩСȥջһȦǷôôž~

 29 

뵽ײľɫ¶, վſ̧š
Ľû˵
Žȥͼӣʰһ, ͻȻЩ꣬ȲҪˣ
ϧæûմɫÿҲûע⡣ǰ, ȴסǱæµˡȥ˯, ʰ
ӣҳȥ, ׼·˯ͻȻ伾ȴתͷһ, Ҫ·ˡ
û, ˫ĿĶЩãôżȥ
ȻأɫãΪλ̬, Ѿ, Ǳ߶ֳɵģҽѵҪʱ, ʰҲҪʱ䣬뾡ȥд𣿡
д
Ȼû
һƬɬ, , Ǳ˵Ҫ룬˵ҪȥسǾס˵õ顣һ뵽´λⷿûˣЩԺ, 
㶵ģͻȻЦ㲻ϲ˰ɣ
һ׽žͺһƬͷתҵһ飬Ҳҿˡ
ˣȻ±˿¡ͻȻһ£
ɫѿȥ˼ܣվҪİ·ˡ
ֻһ˵û𰸣˯
ҹʱ򽪾žĴӴϵˣ˯оѣȻûоһ˻ȥͷ˯˯ĺûҲû¡
ˤϰˡ
ȻҹѺȴ˯ˣέϯںڰпŴϵŮӣ̲ס̾һ
˴λյļڣŹȥһգԱżһȥ
ｪտ̯ӣԼȥ鿴
һμȻָɻĿʶ·
˼ǲˡ
ɫݣһ˲ȫ
ɹ
Ȼ򣬡֪ˣ´Ҵһ𡣡
촽üͷɽˡ
·ϲû˵ǰȴ
Ҳз˰˵Ǯ˻ܰӿȥء
ͻȻһױӣûȥء
̤ӵ˻ǼҲׯתͷǰȥ
سǾô󣬺õӶһϣʱ͵ͷ
ҲûǰվڲԶţׯⲻƹĺСҲܵ
ȻͻȻƼһˣԭļ䲻٣ӦϵĵܵʱƹڵͳһǮ˵ƺ⡣
üʲôӰֻû˱ͷȴӣأûͲˡ˵϶ûӵ˻˶ңҵأƣǮ˵װء
Щۡ
ֻΪκؼҾ˾ûأ
Ϊû㣿
ͷȴǺϺͼվ󣬼ź۽û
Цɰ֡
ɡ϶ߵ˵ƼûǸ۸ұãͿұüױġ
ߵļ괩Ŷ˭֪˵⻰Цһžͳׯſȥˡ
ȣǡ
ʲô̵Ǯ³ǱЩ˷ܣòֻžͳɣȥ˱ˡ
áһ˿Ц⣬Ǳ߷º󴽱ߵЦ͸ˡ
Ǽ꾹ȥһ˾Ҫ⳥ˡ
ɰ
̲סƳһԱã۾ǱߵĶеϲú˷ü١̲סüǻǱãֶζһ
סԣڵĽԭĽˣΪοˣ
ʱǼˣЦŽǮӸϣ
Ͻûָ˽ġ
һƣͷжʮӻһǷжŸӡҲ֪Ǹġ
үǳԾơ
⻰ɲƭˡˣϵ˸뿪
϶Խߣȥ
Ƴۼȥ𣿡
Ҫ±꣬ȥ
Ǵже㱩ѡ
Щŭ㱩ʱ𣿡
ϣҲûбϹ˵ҿҪСŮţʲôʱˡ
Щͷ𣬡ܡ
Ī
һۺͺ϶һ۱㳯ȥ
ׯĲƹʶʶϣ˵ֱӵǽ
ƹʵǺؼҵˣںܿ˵ʱͬӵķȫ˺ܿȻջŵʱֻûӵķ˵ȴûû
û뵽ؼ벻ŷŵοºؼ֪ƹͬڵĻƶѾͶźܿǮˡ
е⣬ҲůģԼЩ˵ĹȻֱӾͲҪ˰ɡ
ƹֶֻʱųһ亹ϽСĸ밲
밲ȴƵĳԷ˵Ʋ
㺰ˡЦеҵӣúҶҡ
ƹһ⡭
ǲ֪ˣЦԭǺؼ˸֪ޣѵƹܾȣڵû˵ˣѹ֡
ƹͷð亹ңиͷ
ֱӲͷ˵ôʲôӽֱӹˣǶؽȥѾϵĹˣͻؽźȥ
˵⣬ƹ͵ڵĻƶʱһأϰʲô֪
̾˿Ҳϻ˱ƹԥɷСʱøϰȥ
÷ϻҪô˱ڽҪڴˡ
ƹʮ꣬мˮȻô뿪ˣӦÿĿһҧ˷˲˳
Ķһӡ
ߵСԪȥ⣬ƹ̾һ굽ͷ׬˼Ǯ
ôûãǾͻؼȥɡЦеҿɲˡ
ƹɫʱͰˡ
ʱԪ˹ͬеĻкؼҵ˷ܼͬҶƹһζʱ˾ţΡΡϰ壬⡢ʲô˼
źعܼһƹģˣʱ׹ϵ˼ЦȻǻؽźϰǸء
ǶǺؼҵ˰ôأʮ꣬˵ǾͲѽ
Ҳæ顣
ҡͷǽҵˣǵأôõôȥء
˵ڴЦдŹȥЩҶҪˡ
ʲôˣ⽪֪ǲƹҲ֪ɼȻ֪Ҫ뻢ıƤıҵ棬ʲôʸġ
ƹһ⻰ʱ̧ͷȻ˵ģǺβóơ
Ӵǲˡ
һֱ㶵ļͷؼȡһ˷ڴͷӣԿס
΢΢ױţȻкؼ˸ϳȥ
ˮصŴһһ˵Ҳһʱͺ϶ûţúƹŹ˴ţͽŻǱʳ̲鿴ȡ
кؼҵİģ˻أʵʵźؼҰŵ˰Ҫǽãĵط¼Ӹ˳ͷĿڴ⻹ĿСֻͷţȥưĶǡ
һȷǳ⣬ȥԺһأִɨҲĸɾ޲øϽˡ
ϵ˵ˣʲô㲻òģ׵ʱ׼ģʱ֪ζ㲹ϡ
ǸáؼҶãһζȡһζľܾҲùϵ䵭¶ֱӽˣֻպ󻹵ʲôܸؼҵĲǡ
תһȦȥ̶˴Сӹ˵ʱһ˲ׯ
Żȥ÷ʵϲõģڽܰæ˭֪ʱƼһһŮӲԶ˵Цĺòȡ
һ̳Ӵֱӷˣеϲöʱջȡԭȥ÷ءദʱ㿪ĵʱһǿˡ
ﲻʹ죬ϾͲÿ˽ǰʵɴˣ
ĬĽݹȥŤͷߡ
ʲô
ͷŭۣ
Ī֪ʲô裬㷢ʲô谡
Ƿˡ˵⻰ֱˡ߳ȥͻȻĻվıۺϵҪ˵ͷرһ¡
գգʶȤĽˣü˵ʲô
Ҳдġ
һ㶣˵ʲô
˿һһٵ˵Ҳдġ
˵еһɨ⣬ϻָԭ䵭Ȼģ˦˦侶ֱ뿪ˡԽλıӰЩ˵֮С
ȻϷżĻȴ΢΢ü̲סǾ仰ʲôкдˣ
յĹͺˣ
ǣˣ


 30 

ϴż뿪ıӰ°͵, òһԴ˰ɣ
һڣʲôء
Эޣһǿɢ, ưͲϽ뿪أԸƨĴס
ǰ¶Ҳûȥǻʲô˼, ˽Ӹƹ˷ƹĶʱ˰, ֱڵˡ
ɲǻ˵, ʰˡ
ƹЦҪھ˶ˣ˵ĲƹҲϣ
һ仰òƹήˡ
ƹû뵽һϦ侹˸ϳȥ, Ҳû뵽һͷĹ, ӾջˡҪԼ벻ӻ֪ʲôʱأʱ¶֪˶ˡ
ĿûżҲԲϣȱ, ֮ǰʮ, ҲҲܹӵ
عܼЦ, ʱү̫̫˵ˣƹӡ
Ƚ˵, عֵܼ, ˵ƹԭǺؼˣֻǵѡûѡԣү̫̫ǳھΣǧƴǡ
ֱ֪˵ʲô, Լ׵ѹǺؼ˶ʵ⽫Լҵĺӡ
˰ɣ˰ɡϲ֪ȷ磬Ȼȥ
Цҿɵöлл˾˺;ĸ
ƴˣҲӵ¶ңƹ˻ôͷǲܿˡ
Ŀ٣̫󣬵ʱ˱ȥ
ƹҷģǶúôġ
ƹǺؼҵˣ½ ӺϱԶٺõġ
ҡͷˣʱٹȥЩҪõĶ
ȱʲôֱ˵ǣۺؼұûоǮ˵ƺǮƲ⡣
ɽȴǷ飬ҡͷںؼҵı£ҸԼǿ
һͻȻЦҲԡ
̯ӣʱͼһʰϼĺãˣȥתˡ
һֶԺϵлֽһнհæҲܸм֡
ϹƳۼЦʲôǿһˣҲ㲻ǡ
Ǳ߼ζȻһ٣µæµһǣĲӱ뿪ߡ
ϸпؼҹӳĿÿ
һ٣Ծ۽鵭ƺû⻰˿ҾҼÿǲǵã
ʶľȥƽƺҲ𰸣ƺڽͺ˭ÿ¡
ûϵ󻰵ɵƳۼ˫Ŀ⣬ƺҪǸ˵ƲݵӶʱЦˣ˶ÿֻķһˡ
ʱһݣѹ͵Ŀ£ĽȻø첲Ϻëһ̧ͷϼĿ⣬ʱЩڨڨôˣ
Ծɶ
ķëͻȻĳһ뷨̽Ŀڣ˧ÿû˱ÿˡ
ɫˣˣһ㶼û󿡹ӵ
̲ס²ۣȴʶĲȥˣʵ̫Ѹˡ
صѾ磬ºſڵæǰС˾˵հʱ

ŴŴҲԶûᣬ³֮ӣҹ˶˵ϴˮ׼ˣȡ·跿ϴȥˡ
һ·϶ûΪˣΪһֱڣ˵״̬϶ûֱӺͼͷˡ
ֻƺûʶԼ˵ˣüЩơ
ʱƼһԺ۵СۣжģǱ˵ܻܵĸ
ŤͷձJJģһµһļƣ鵭ƲϲŭվǰùѼɤ
Ȼн㣡
šĶ䣬н㡣
շ۽ִȥС
ʱðɣɿѰԭͽദĻķȻ˵ϵɣܡ
˵ԭĽ׽ɺܺϣԽܵܵǵġ
ŽյĻƺǴ
ȻģΪԭȷͦ
ôһܣ죬ĸŮĿԭֽ̽ԭ׵ܷܵĸŮ
ɵƺ˵Ĳ٣ͦġ
ⲻʾܽһСƨ˵š侯н㣡
ղ鲻Ըĺɵ㡣
ã⺢ˡ
øΪνղң
Ƴۼǽ˵
ǽŽջ᷿ŹˣͷüͷšĽģЩ
˵
շɵ˵ʲô
ۣҳ飿
鲻ҡվȻȥԵúܵ⡣
͵վקס첲һšնʱ۴Уɿ
ʣΪβú黹ѧ˭ģ
㣡շۣ۾ҵġ
ɲϣԺҸĹúȥ飬һҷʣҪǲúö鿴ôʰ㡣
㲻ҽ㡣յ۵ҽûôء
ɿأôһ䣬϶ʱ
۵Ļɿ
ɿϼɶ㣿
գԵ
ھ㣬ֱӴ㡣ݺݵ˵һú鲻ѧͯڶĸӱ־롣ǰգˢӡ󡣵ġؼ߶߶
ո뿪ڷͱ˻һûҾʰ㡣
ձв˶˶ҧݡ
üһ㡣
ҲҪֺý󴨡
һۣѽҵļҲ͸ĸŮˡ
ЦҲϡ˶٣õЩǮˣûǮˡ
뽪𣿡뽪Һ޹ϵ֡
վȣ⡢У
һ۾ˣС뷨ͷñ֤ôϡ
ü룬ˣ롣
ӦһȻԹˡ
ˣҪԷձ죬ֱӾͲˡ
ڼԺӲСϺͼºֵһҲɣû
ŽնСݣϵʱ϶׼˼ˣҲʳŴ˺üֺͼºһȥˡ
һֱطڳʼ˵ǻʲô˼
鵭Įƺ˵⻰˲һûʲô˼
ʲôʱд
˲ת˲ţ쵽û壬д
˵⻰ֱέϯȻ±۾дĸ֣ܾ
лҪ˵Ԥա׸[]ղ
˴ӣСѧ߹ӹиĸ͸ıӻΪΪ
ֱսɳ׵飬һ֮°ͷҵţԴ˼ҵŮ
ԭûϢͻȻϽˣˣ߹ˡͼǿһ·ҡ˽ʿ
׵ˣˣ˦žž죺ΪˣΪҹ׸ٲˡ

  ׾Ǿǳ˶ݵʯȹµ˲
  ˼˵׾ָָ˧ĲҾ徵򣺾ˡ
˶˵׾Ϲäǰ˫ӲҪƫƫԸ֡
׾֪ϳսȺ壬³ϴ´ӡ
˵ж˫ʺ
Ȼ˲֪ĵط׾ֻܿӲԱάӡ
׾Ǻ
ԹŴСɷ׽㣨飩ɶСӣ飩Щ꡷

 31 

ʱıڽоƢĺ, ĸ䷶ྶͥ
ЦˣŸ첲żԭȲͦŻµ, ׵ЭҲҵģǵʱ˵ĺúõģǰ㻹׿ڴӦҺ, յĹͷˣ
ڵϵļһԣ۾ܾش
˵, ھܾд㡣ͻȻס;, 㲻ɣ㲻ȱµΪԼддɣ
۾򽪾գգ۵Ҳ¶ˣ
ְ۾, ü, ˵ǹܴܲЩЩˣΪŮ˵λ߹, ѵ˾ͲŮˣ޲ðԼӵԼ, 鶼УǵΪ˳ȫǵд, ֪Լ⡣
һ, ʵдҲС
죡ƺŭ, ˵ֵʱ˵ҧгݡ
ƹȥǰ۾ִιС
۾ϵͻȻץסҶ, ˵ˣ
㶵ĿֽŲŵϣҪȰɿ
һѸٵָ֣ͷϲ˲䣬ˣְ
ûСֲ֪νͣԱ۾˯ˡ
ż񿴸˵õ˾أ˵õĹŰؾɵأ
ǣˡ
治֪ʲô衣
ش£ȴ۾˿
ڶսӣȥˮأȥӵʱָŮ첻ȫ
Ƴһ۵ڲȫ㱣һұ㣿
⻰ʵʵ˵ɼȴ߳ŭ˵Ҳǿ׳
Ī¶ʲôϵ
Ҳ˵ˣž͸¡
ӣһһԶļȥӣӽϸϳȥгһȥ峵صӽϵõļһشŴᶫȥ
ʼռںͷһԣߵġ
ֱصŴʱŸŽݵҰæ𣿡
ҡͷҶûʲôҪæġ
ɫЩãԺС̫ȥôʰ
û˵ҵȲʰˡ
Ϊɶ㲻ǻһյļڣ̫Щˣǲĺ;ìˣȻôôͻȻ
﷢࣬ԼķýˣԽȲҪ뿪
̫ò㽫ˣôôͻȻ
̫̫ĵЦֻѶȰȥǱʵȫûȫ֮ǰǻסġ
Ŷ̫ſ̽ͷ̽ԣ֪ϱҾ˴ˡǼȢ˽ҵĹŮв˵Ự½˻֪˵ɶء
̫̾˿Ǿͺãôʰ
һͣǰڻûأӾʹ˷־ӵȷ񻰣ܲȥסɡ
ú룬Ҳ֪շʲô裬Ȼһ᲻һ
뷨һæ˦˦ԴӦȥæˡ
ܿʰãһ峵װġŵʱִЦϱǸɶңìˣ
ͷƳ۸ͷļʹҡͷûⲻҪˮسǿȰȥӦӦ׼ţʱִȥҸۡ
ҿɲȥԲ𡣡ִƤЦⲻЦҪǮࡣ
ֱӺԹȥ⻰ʰ˱ϳԼ̫ȹȥæˡ
á̫ЦӦһһվűϽϳ
΢΢ף°
üһۣͬüô
ûƽϣǰ˵Щ׼ȷ˵ŰȤʱԱķȤ˵ӿ⼸յΪʵ
ʵû˵˶ģֻڸһ
ɼװɵ㶣϶ˣʥַ
ͦĸֱˣû֪˿жţû֪µжཀྵӲ
ǼԼЩȻˡ޳ܣԭĽ֪Ϊϲ£ΪԭĽֺ
ֱͻȻһ㶣ԭĽΪϲҲΪϲ
΢΢ƼȻˣѸתĿڵλȴĸˣƺڳЦΪ
촽üͷ΢£е˫գɣھҪҪ뽪˵¡
һ˵˽ɵľܾô죿
ǲ˵˾ʹ˴
ӲΪԼǸѶ֮ˣȴòϣЩˡ

տڣͣˣƺûˡ
Žɤ۵Ļò˻ȥװûû

˿ָƵվһæµ̧ӣæĽСӺСҴŲɹȥ
Ʋںͷߵĸġ
ŽĶԽԽ࣬㲻˽衣
ѹִ˾Ȣ˽˴ˣǸ˰ɡ
ˣɫȥȴ֪ЩʲôֻΪۣܲȥЪţ
ޱôҲǿ׳
ü㡣
һĹ򣬽ľ֮ĶðȫӵʱϴӦıҲˣҪõڼǰˣǲġ
շźʱҲˣһӦȫؼȥˡ
ɼڱţƺȥҲʣϾǰӦ̫ڼס졣
ˣһվ͵ûԺˡҲнڵ
̯ڵϾͲ붯ˣƳһûﲻ֪ʲôʱŵֽ˹ȥ
ŷ֪ʱһֽɵĽӹ򿪣ȴͷһĻס
Ǹģѯʡ
Щ죬οڵЩɡ
еĹԽԣһŻˣִͦģôôģ
仰˵ģ˫Ŀʱĳж˱ǡ
һҭʱգ㷢ʲôƢɶϵԼڻġ
Ǿˡѿڶ漴־նֱӺ͸ˣƳȥ˵˵
ʵ˵ڡ
۾Ŀһһϲˡ
õǿ϶䡣
Ͱ͵Ϲ˵
ֱӲƽˡ
Ʋ죬ϲϲ£ϲҵ˶ȥˡ
˵ͼŭƺܴ裬ʱëëģ㡢ʲôҡ
ؿȻˣûϵһ仰õĻӦͷҧгݵû¡
˵սͷŤȥҲ˵һ仰ˡ
ЩΣԱĿûһͲеϣͻȻۣеľǼĶӵ۾
еĹԽĶ࣬Կ϶ϲˡ
ָζԴݸ飿
ЩΪѣЩ֮ǰòˣûòǲǾ͸Ժͺþۺɢˣ
üԼЩʧ䡣
һû̸ȱ׷ߣʱû˼Ͼᣬ񷴵ԼʯͷԼĽˡ
ңˡ
ͷæ
ţݼ̫ƺ񣬼ǻЦЦͺãԷɡ
Ϸͻˣ˵˱³Էմգæµĺܣ̫ͻȻ˷Щڡ
̫ʲôʱ򿪣ҪҪǰȥİ㣿
δ˵ͷҲá
Ťͷˣ
Է
ǱӶ࣬ǰȥҲáЩãʲô˼ںٸˣҲɡ
˻ͲˣطҵĲǡ
ü㵽ʲô˼
Ǹ˼
¶һ¶ĴӼ˵һ£ЩţҿϹ˵㶼ӦҺˡ
˵ߵʣǰʰ󶯾ʱعͷȴƼվ￴
һ㻹£
˵ڵʱ˿ɿӦʱﶼ˰أʲôµʱͻȻҡҡͷ̿έϯˡ
û׷ʣ˿Ȼ°ȴû˯š
ҹ˯ȥ峿Լ˯˹ȥʱѾǰԺˡ
֪ΪΣЩȻմžȥﲻˣպͼɻ
лҪ˵ǣ
ϻһСɰһԤհԤճҪգ
Ԥա׸[]ղ
˴ӣСѧ߹ӹиĸ͸ıӻΪΪ
ֱսɳ׵飬һ֮°ͷҵţԴ˼ҵŮ
ԭûϢͻȻϽˣˣ߹ˡͼǿһ·ҡ˽ʿ
׵ˣˣ˦žž죺ΪˣΪҹ׸ٲˡ

  ׾Ǿǳ˶ݵʯȹµ˲
  ˼˵׾ָָ˧ĲҾ徵򣺾ˡ
˶˵׾Ϲäǰ˫ӲҪƫƫԸ֡
׾֪ϳսȺ壬³ϴ´ӡ
˵ж˫ʺ
Ȼ˲֪ĵط׾ֻܿӲԱάӡ
׾Ǻǣ

 32 

ҵ, ̫˸ϼĺӣһȥˮءȻŭһδܺͼһձǼҵĶϱ¼Ӧ, ¶ҲôӦ
οĹɣҲӦģܲȥ, ˣҲ׷Ժȥ
æ, ûй
·ϼСʵ, ɩǲìˣ
۾ȵΪʲôôʣѵͼϷ̫˱СƳˣ
ȥسǶչ㡣üͷżѵ˵Ҹ˵ɩ˶ò, Ҿͺúøɻˡ˵ɻûжɩҪ
ȻҾöΪɶô˵ѽ, ְ벻뷨
ǳ˳飬ø͸
ͽѧ㶫
ĸϽֵ, ҸӴвϴϴʲôľͳ, ɩҪҪ·ɶҲ
ĵǼģ幤ȷ, Ǹׯʱ, , ۲ʳɣѬĻѽҲǻм䲼ׯ, ¿ҵȥòã
ܲǿ̫ˣĶʱͷãɩҿ϶úøɲ㶪
С۾ϲãէһȥеơת˲Լһɨˡ
ϼĿʱˣɩӰ󰡣ÿ
ЦŴȥסȥʰôˡ
ѾûˣҲҪ˹⼸ǳԷģˣһ¡
Ҳ뷨ǸȥˣȻ
Ȼٲ̫࣬ԾһһֲˣüյΣš
ʱѾЩˣȴвסΰʶʰһ飬ǵİҺͰӽֲ̿ȴֻǸɾͺá
˵Ĩ㱻ˣ¼Щ޴ˣɩҸɶ
Լ·𣿡
ĳɣᣬû̫ÿ·
ҲţȥתƣҳµȥȻоô
С˵ģ˼ǵ·Ư
ҪԼƯ·𣿡Լǲģȴߣû̼ģǰѧһȴԽġ
ͷ룬ȻЦҿԡ
ԣȥļױӣţ֪ͷˣƹ˴˶ĿЩ
ƹæ˹
ƹһʵô
ƹƬԥĿڣǿԣӲ٣·һܾĹ
ȴÿһԣֻ·һ£͹Ǿ͸ûʾΣ
áƹʱǽϹϣҲռط
пؼܵ͹ƹĶǺܸɵġ
ææͼЩĲ͵Ǳʳȥ
ƹӦˣżĳܲ¿ˡ
û飬ȥϺֻտôƯ·ͱɩίΣԼ顣
áĽ½ǵҡ
¡Цһ£һÿء
ӭŶɩε۹ҧ˵ͷá
ִȥ˺ֽ̿ʻ˺Ժëʲû̿ʻ
˵Żʽϴ˳ľȵɩ
ҡͷһửƲԼԡ
˵ţǼҲˣûþƮζƳ̿滭ͼļģЦߣȳԷȥѧ
ʵôʦָֻñʵƺͻ滭ҪüԼˡ
ĺ˿á
ˣ˶ȻվһŽŵĵŽƷ
Ϊȣ̧ԺӣˣƳϵĲˣƷ˵ϸ
˷ֱǣˮƬӰţ⡢罷ͷǴＹһѼ
üĲ˾ȻĸϵҲû˵ӱ㳢۰Ͱ͵Ŀţ⣬ţĳӶʱ˵ֿ졣
Ҳû˵˳һ飬Ȼóһۣ˸˵ģ⼸˵ֲζ
ǵķ˾Ͱˮ׼лдֵ𣿡
ѼǸʮСӣԾֵңСĻᡣ
ЦǻȥԼֲиӣ㸺¼Ͽʼһ˸һҵʳ
ǽˣ˵ɶɶû˷
ǶæȥˣƼ۾ҪŹˣɩ
һЦˣԷ
ϲΪĳԲ˵ģû뵽СϲһٷǼⶼðˡ
ɩ˺óԡĶ˶٣ûɩĺóԡ
ҰͲñĺóءŶƤҪǶĺˣֱӿӶãҲѵˡ
Ĺ򽪾ָѧ軭·ȻѧԵֵܽҲͦ뼾ѧͺܿ졣΢㲦һԼ׹ɫʱѾܴŽ·ˡ
ϵʱ򽪾첻ôȣ¶һ֣ĶǼҳˣĲᣬǶͲյǶá
󽪾ͼȻſڽһˣƤһʱɴۣôˡ
ǰһֱŽܽܳ˶ʶˣѹ벻һǳڿĸ˲赹ˮ
ʯǰڽ¶豭˿ˮ
ȻӾ͹
ɫ΢ֺ˿ڲ衣
ЦǶˣȥϻûзˡ
δ򽪾ЦЦŹǵź򣿡
ʱһ˲Żָ糣ͷӰһٷʳ
Ƕ˶Ǻǡ
漴ȥˣĳɩٳ磬ʹɫü۾ˣ
ļȥɩ˵û
Ȼüͷǲ̫Ƥˣ
뵽˵ĻɲֹǺƤôˣһҧתȥˣǳĵĽŹˡ
Ŷʱըëʲô
̸̸̸̸
⻹ͷһǵ鷴һļƤ񣬡ǸĺˣĲҺˡ
Լº͵ЦЦϵĻЩϹۣΪȷˡ
ûڡüҪǩЭ㣬Ӧ㣬ںڵ㡣
ǣǲΪ͸Χת˵ξΣ
ŭüһ㶣˰βŵҲźˣޡ
лҪ˵ǣ

 33 

ɲȽյĻֱ̹Ȼ, ˵⻰Ͷ䲻ܿƵĺˣȻŵ͵Ľһһٵ, ý뽪ķޡ
Ļȷס, ⼸һֱԼ²⣬Ҷ˵ϲ, ˵ʲô
ʲôʱôˡ
ż, ȴΪӣһֱؿƣǸ˾ӡ뵽һͻȻΪʲô
΢΢ü, ֪Ϊҵͬʱһ˿˿⶯
ֱﲻһļͦ˵ġͺһԵܲǰģǶ֮, ˺ȴɧɧȥ˿̸ĸо֣ĲַʵȴǼ, ҪϤ֪ɧʲô̶ȥ
Ȼת˲뵽˵ദ, 㶼ûһ£ⲻһµĹ򾹷, ʼδѲҪŴ̸ٽ֮ɳ
´ʱѾ˴Ϸɵʱ, һأ
Ĳ˵, ֵԾܾңҲĺ¼Ȼֻ, 㱣֤պ󶨻Ϊӣ㶪
ͷȥˣ޹Щ
ҡͷ˵⡣Ϊ˾͸ŬܽԼȫõġϣܸᡣ
ҲھʹӦңֻܸһᣬҲԼһᡣǼȻΪǱ˵ǵԵ֣֮󲻹㻹ҶûкôҽԺãȻƶʫѧҲģⱲӶֻһˣ޶ġ˶ٵΣ
˫ڽϣп˿мͻȻܾˣҲ뽫ȥ첻ߡ
Ȼһ뼾ȴתȥͷҰһ䷿䡣
ȣǲݴˣ˱Ҳ߯Щ
ȻǱȻҪأЩķֻ˵Ľͣ˱ۣúúǡ
żĳȥˣЩˡ
ͻȻͻȻ˵Ҳֱ˾ӲͬһҵҲ
ǣˡ
ȥðҽʰһ䷿üסͷԣȽȥˣżʵ磬Ͷɩˣ
üͷȴδϣӦ˵⣬㲻óܡǷֲ֪νľ棬ԾĬϰɡ
֪һ첲ϣôˣúɩɩ˵ʱ綼Ҫġȥ
ͷۿŵķҡҡͷˡ
侲侲ҲãԼЩ黹ûأȥҲ֪˵ʲôƽΡ
ȴĻش𼱵Ҫ۵һؼҿҲ״
Цһºͣá
˵˶ˣ鶼ֵһᡣ
ŴݵĲˣվԭؾĺϲ£죬ܾ绻˸ǵģҲ֪ǲĴ
ϵʱ򽪾ȥ˯ţĻԽЩӵ¡
˵ʵڵģͦ˵ģ뿿źؼҽԼļױҪˣǮպӿҲӹ
Լıͦãû뵽ȴ󣬱ɵͻȻ˵ϲҪһķޡ
֪ģͻȻоһ꣬ɵͷǿԼ˯
ѾԺˣ֪ϻزû˽
緹ûϽͻȻˣ˹˹һˮˮһͷʣɶʱ򿪣ҪҪã
Ϊʲô¶û뵽ͻȻôһ䣬ʱһһԴϣˣȥѧˣд£𣿡
һʹնʱήˣû
ûϽҸܷأ
û뵽ĵͷšŻûá
ʱջ𣬡ҲԲˣ
ǵǡͻȻЦʵǹſˣ˭ǵóԷɵҸ㽲Ҫùˡ
ʱ˾æݿӣɶˣ
ſӳһڶʱǰһ˲ˬڣĳӣ
ͷŻػֵʱֱͦŽ佱
ӦһԺԾϽǲѧ
հڰֲͷ벻ôùˡ
˾װ֪򵥣ȥϴˡ
ߣ;˵ҿֳʹ졣˵˵ҲһֱŪҵǮǰװɵ֪㲻ǴӼ߲ȻϰѸҵǮҪҵȻϸɰΪ¶ֵͦġϲǮˣȱǮˣֵߵŪǮˣ
˵ҪòȥǮͰˡϱȥҪǮ˵ŪǮûˣǷ˶
óһǷǰǲ
վȵɵ㣬ôģ
Цٺһɵɵܡ
ԽպǺЦЦҾ˵ҽ϶Ǹģⲻͦ𡣡ע⵽ۣϽתǼнŸûǮǮȥծˡϷǵòǮؽҷȣһ֮º̯ƣ˵ȥҪϵ
զ˵ջֵĵ۵ȥȥ
ǮҪȻȥҡһ۵ǰܣڡ
𣿡
ܰտϧɺĴȿ޵ȥֻܲ˲֪
ͦϧġ
̾ˡ
˵Ƿ˽յȥ롣
ͻȻӵĿ˵ҲҪҵһ뽪Ҹô
ôͻȻô룿
;ûղʮ˵ȴ˲ɣУǰҲ뷢Ӵ£ʱҪϡл˰ɣ־ûҵӣҸﻹ
ô뽪ˣͷʣʱ
պٺֱЦеǷӣʱҾͳˡ
üҪæ𣿡
òãСܸ㶨˵ֵܲȥ𣿿鱾ͷۡ
ЦҿҲͷۣر㹷ͷ
նʱùͷͦҪģץӾߣߵſֻͷҰ
ҲҴȥҲҴңĳȴýա
մʱѹû˵ܵڽҼһԷȴֱüױһ㲻Ҫ
ְѱ˵ܵˡ
ٺͨº̸˽ճ˲ϲӡ󶼲ӻӺãǷ
ţҪǸҲٸȢϱ
ޣԶˡͽȢϱ
ԭж˵ܵܵûдΪԭ˺󼸺ҶϾϵûؼ⿿ɽǰͷûɴеʱӹʵãȻڼũĲ

̾˿緹˼ҲûȤˣԴһԣ̾ŵ
ССʵɩ˲ó𣿡Ϊɶÿɺóء
һ仰ͷԭ˵Ҳ۰Ͱ͵ĿͷĽ
һ㶣ͦ˵Ŷͷζ´ʱͷŵһЩ
˶ʱ˵ҷġСһúĥ
˽ҲˣʣµķȻʰ
˵ŻׯǱ͹ƥ㻹ϰѣò˾Լ
ǲϣɵɩϰ޲ͺãⲼ̫˷ˡ
ЦþͲ˷ˡΪôõĲҲѧĲ˰
⻰ҲǣôõĲ϶׶ȷܶǿ϶ƯЩͬʱֺܸмɩİһҪɩϽͺòǡ
ָȥͼ˵¡ӸصĵطóĲ˵ְղϵһЩȻ̵ֵĳˡ
ϵʱֻˣ̬ȵ糣ҲûٸŽȥֻǹ˯ˣŶԺùŻġ
һռ۲һӱ㲻ˣٹ۲ȥԵĲˡ
۳Ŷɩսַüռϻ𣬿ƫƫ뼾˵ʱõģȴģֻҪһĽ񣬸ûȥ롣
պ󽪾ʱ죬ưһӦȫ׼׵׬Ǯ
ԭĴüֱӹæ˵ʱ˲٣Լ޵ɩͿ϶ҪöԺͶĶƤؼʲôҲ٣ǻֻһЩЩô
ôʹáϾȵǶһĺҪǮ
ɩǷּˡЦɩͲù̶ĹǮ׬׬ٻԼ˵㣬Σ
ϺͼһۣӶԷпĶϾڵֵܹ鲻㣬ǻ֮Ķǿ϶׬οжѿأõҲ˵ֱӸǣǾҲá
ͷõģһҾͰҪĶ
˽ȥ̶¶һͷӣҸ±ˡ
±⼾պǲģӸҲæӣҵ󽪾ӣȫȨ±ˣҺӹźԺ¶ȥӣҴ֡
һͨڣæԼұڻһͷϣ֪Ҫˡ
ңǰվˣ͹ǰͷ¥ϣ˿Ŵ첼շ˱ھ
Ҫϰˡ
ͻȻһԺУͻȻ̳ĵ겻ͬԼŰģǲ궼Ҫȹˡ
Ǽ䲼ׯƹĴ˿ֽǢ˲ֻ̣ȼպ¿ҵˡ
ŰҳӣϱھƼһϤڲׯſڽüһƣӴ
ǲ֪ƹŪǮˣ
ߣȥո䵽˽ǰֵۿ˵͵ĶҲ˭ҵӣӿҽģСҸҽ㣬
С˭Ҳʶֻ֪ӵĶҲ
һЦˣȥ㣬Щ͵ߵһûȥء
˭ʱת彪ʱʱֶЦֻ٬ɨӣӴС˾ôҲ֪һ˾
˵ЦųҲ֪˶پƹģŵһɾϵ֬ζѬĽֱüͷ
ӶĻӻֵȰͣסԶһЩȻצӶ˿ɱҡ
˵ôָʲôǿݣС˾˰λֳֳ
Ĵצӵһԡ
һȫֱӴͦ󰡡ҵǿ㵽׶󾢶
˵ͳĻƵʱɵˣϽ˵˰
Ҫ̧Ƚ߳ȥȻһȭͷ˹ȥһº˴һ
ȵĿżĵôˣѵʱ򲻸Ժ
ͷƼԶվ˿߹һˡ
ת˲ڵϰˡȻǶˣȴСҷɫͿգǼĶ֡ȭͷ۵ֱУһ䣬ȭͷֱӴѪˮˣźòҡ
ȥͼۣۿΪŭŷѪ˿ҧؿź˼ˡ
۳ĺ޻֮ȥĸ첲ˣٴͰ˴ˡ
ͷɿüס¶ƼһҴһΡ
ڵϳ鴤С˴ӲԶڵϿ޵ľͺ
ţ
С˷վŶӸûлббľˡ
Χ۵ϵģоֵҲоõģֻܴˣҲûֿ漴ɢˡ
ȽӣҲŽȥ
Ƕˣôô㡣
ôңͷĿҵӣӱ˵ϷѵһҪһվŹ𣿡
Ҳ˼ʱҵ˼Ҫ˿ʿҲĿŵᡣ
һ㶣˼ǡ
ۣ᲻𣿷ǵõ˵ĶԷ費ϣǵ˼𣿼ңôҪ̧ȥ˵ﲻ֪ŵô죿𣿡
һȺķ紵ȻϵıȴѸɢ
ˣҲҵؼңȴҵ＾ҡֻССٴһ¿ͽ־Ӹ¶ܴ
οϰݣ
ɫף֪δ£Աܴ˳ʱǸжġ
һЩղлл㡣
ɫЩ
ǡ㲻ĻҹƻĸݣҲҡ
ɫֱӽˣղͿˣҲˣҪƺȭŹ򣬱˵ľҷҲǶ֡
ˣǲڡ
촽΢򣬡⣬Ҹˡ
ӻָѣŽ¶˶࣬Ϊӵ¶飬һ鷳
ҡ˶侲ǷޣؼĿɽǹϵٲãؼҺ㶼ῴ۸ңǲ볹׵ؼҾͲᶯǼҡ
ûڽҵǮûеһ֡
ʱȣȻֵͷðɣҸղŵĻ˵ȫջءֻ˵һ仰
΢΢̣˵
ӵЦֵʵڲУңһžˡ˵ָͷҡҡ̫ˡ
лҪ˵Ϊ֪Ϊ򵽵

 34 

ǹ, żԽԽڵЩ飬˼ҺôҲӢ۾һأʵЩ̫á
ʵ
֪ˡȽǸȴ֣صĵͷ, һǿĶԼǿ׳Īġ
, 
ɫºͣǳǳЦ, պŶˡ˵ֵ, һȥĿЩĪҪš
ˡ
ˡûĻЦЦ, ȥ
, ҲŸ̾ңүá
ֵĿ𣿡
, õġҵͷ, ûĸԴˡ
ȻͬʱͲͬ, ͬŮ˿˵Ҳһ
ʱŮԷΪ죬˶öﲻ, һһ㶼Ҫ÷Ǽõ, ܻܿὫǰֲڸǡ
ʲôϾ˵ȷ˾ӣ⼸Ӳ⻹ͦġ
Ҳ밢ͷƹ˵Щűڻȥˡ
ϵʱ򽪾Լ, տҵҪܶ࣬첻͵ǸϽȥ˯ˡ
صԺȴһ˶ʯǰݣͼ̧
İҳ˸Ȼͻȥˣ˸ǰ£Ⱦˣ
ٺÿ˺˾ζҲãϾζأȴЩɣŽʱЩˣҽ졭
һȻʣҽյ㿪ģ
һ㶣żӣҡβӡ
ﲻˣֻȥˣͷܺڣҲȥʶԼڸʲôʱŵϽ˻˫ȴĿһĨЦ˵һ˿Ķ𣿡
úƤ
΢΢Ų߲ȥ㡣
ǵЦŲһ뽪ţϵľζȴĴ뽪ıǶˣ̲סڱǣѬˡ
Цζ
ͬΪϵԲδѰֻӦһŶ
㡭ʧЦһŬġ
վ
ǶǶŮϵζŽȵʧźЦվͻȻҿš
ʲô
Ժӵ˶Ļˣƶҵ˵׷ʲôƷ衣
Ψ֪˵ʲô˼˿˿ĵĸоӿ
ˣԵɡ
ڶ첻ˣǰͷʱ͸ĳѾ׼׵ͷһϷģãСӦоС
ʱ޽ͶԵƷȫ˷װĸͰõСŰ峵سǸȥ
س˵󲻴˵ССֻƾʵ˶١
ʱسͷ˼ҷ׷ɳҶˣŽʳ̱ؼң̫үǲˡ
̫үǲˣͷةҲ׷˹
Ѱϰնû׹ʱʳ̸ǰȻ˶顣
˶дŶӾΪǶǺõģóԵĳʳǺóԵġȫǲٰշ׷׼뵽ŶӵĶȥ
û뵽̫ү˵УȫŻݡ
˼ҵʡǮܽԼѰռʡǮҲǸˣһ˸˹
˴ߣȻҲ˵ȥԣζŨļԺ޲ڣһһҧĹųԵʵ⡣
ţǶԻǹСǾϺеģͲͳǰſʼġ
һӴıǲ͹ݵԾӪӲкѡ
͵Ĺ򽪾ڳｫ±һ£ζ˳ŴƮͷ
Ϥ۾һϰ±⣿žζ
˵żΧ˸Ȥֿʼ˵±κóԣڲ壬ζҲ֮ġ
˱㲻ţ±ⲻһζô궼ˡ
ɵóҵ±⣬ҿǴǰЩӾͳˣζҼС⼸ûĳԶءЦһﳢóҡ
Ҷسסţܶ඼ˣһߺ±˶Ը˼Цлκ֧֡
һˣƹǸģԺ𡣡
ԡ˱ͷȥˣǰͷŲ⡣
ææµµ̯ӣŵʦʼϰæµŵʱ±ϿߣЦƹüղȥ±⣬ЩʳʵĻţżֳ֪߿ˣ±ǲǹܹ
ȥ鿴һػϱ㿪ʼˣڻʣʮ
⿪ӾͲһöЩˡ
ͷȽķˣ⡣
˵˵ӵݹȥ¶ȣ˵£Եĵطû
ʵ˵Ҳ򵥣ֻڿհ׵ĵط˲ٲ˵ͼƬˣЩžʳ
ʦкüϵģ֮˵ӡȻ˵Ҳ˵ȫϣ˵˫գյʱֻܵ㵥յĲˣ˫յǾͶԲûˡ
ʵҲ֮٣سǿޣҲյãǲɫĶոҹ͵õɱ͵ö໨١
ΪһյԵŵ˻Ǻܶ࣬żϳúõţһ¥ڵӺôһ롣Щ뿪ǰԷ޲ڣôǺЩ
緹󽪾Уֽдһ˳һЩͭȥСȥ
ϵʱԶ˴ٶԣ껹棬翪ƤܸЩ
Ϥ˱ЦƤֳŶƤܲˡ
ŶƤó԰ƹģһ
Щۣǰ˺Ժһˮᵽ跿ϴԺ
ϾͽˣԽԽȣϵ·ӡ
ܴ̿㻹пյǵȿյûУ·ôʵʵ΢һˮʪ·ٿϵ廨ЬţҪһ˫нֺϡ
ͻȻĻڻ·ֽ̿Ϲճµӳ
̽ͷۣȵɩʲô·ܴ¶ͷ
ԺûˣǰȻһ£·òˡ
ľ죬Сɩ⡢ܴ
ôܡһЦֻһڿһ״ϲźء
ͻȻվˣȻطˡʱ̼ǵҪɩĿռء
õʶȤʯǰ£ʵʲôһ״ϲźãѵѣ


 35 

⻰˵ͼ߳ȥûļһЩˤ, еСġ
û¡ĺͷһؾͽȥˡ
Ȼʯϱ֮ǰĶġ
Ŀɨ۵ֽ, Լ·ӣֻģʱЩź
˵ǻʱһ˵, ȻȴҲƶΪѡ׵ȴһ뾸
ü, ƿóһǰ, Ǹġ
ƳƤǷд֣һסҳʱüͷ, Ȼ, Ҳʶ
ɽҲǸ𣿡Щ⣬ΪǶģľͲʶˣ
ֱ׳˷ӾһѧĻѧĺѵȥԺ˾Ͷ𣿡
쾹Ȼ޷, ֮ǰдֵ, дĵȷһ㣬ɾȻҲʶͻȻһ, Ц̾
ˣ, ѧ
ֺͼвʶ, ǴҲܲµĳֻǲϰ߹ʱддʽŶñŤ
º͵ΪǸѧѧ, Ĵѵ˱ˣ
˱Ҳǡ
ͷ֪ˡ
ұ㡭
ʦˣ˵úãһΪʦΪʦһݡ
˵⻰ʱ򻹹⹰ʾ⣬ˣֻѰ㣬ʦͽ
ǿˣŮ˾ǺŻǲ˵ֻ
ǰΪӵҲϲ˵ЩɶϽ֪ľЩ޵鶯˫ֻõ⡣
޹ĵͷŶ
ô˿֮һ˲ͣҲʶֵ¡
ÿڸֵæµ˱ãעϢ
˵ĸɰͰͣգգۣŶ
Ȼֱˡ
Ѱָսɿȫա
æһҲˣǷվȻ˯ˡ
ˣ֮ǰֽȴãֽֽ̧չ󣬽ƺ뵽ʲôͻȻͨһƬ
ݲٳʱƼʯϣֽſţ棬ͨ졣
һ˲̲סЦʲôǲģֵǿС
ҵĽֽźӲĿ򽪾ƺ˻𣬻ԼĽӲ⻭Щʲôˡ
˷ŵ˲Ҫðǰֽͷͷ仨Ҳá
ɫڣҵ˼˴󵨣ܴĳȥġ
ʲô󵨣Ϊûʲô󵨵ᡣй￴СֱȥĶء
˵һͣԭԭȿϼ˵
ȻҲ뵽ǰ¶Ϊܣȴһ⣬ȻºͽһᶼûС
ɫ̧ͣ򽪾·ƺ׵
ֲ㴩кβ֮ˣǿķǣ˵ŲҪҪĴŵǸǰ˱׼Ѫ
ֻͼܲ²·δģΪ⻰вɾƯ·ӡ
ɫ죬վ΢΢ףҡȻطˡ
ȥӶɬ̲סЦЦ
Ҫü˺ŮӴűȻᡭһܺɴ첼뻹ǿ֡⺰պһ˴ڿ㰡
֪ڿʲôֽϵĶҲܲµһЩѾ̲סĻš
Ĵνڿ㡭벻ȥˣǶˣˣЩ߰ĶǽɣպҲĸĻǣвɱȾϲе˼
˼ƻڶձȥׯʺϵĲϻׯûŮƹ񣬱ƹȥŮӻǶ÷װ֡
ƹӦˣǰׯֻƥֻҲ񸮳רŰŮƹרŽӴڽȻԵɱȥˡ䲼ׯıŮӶ࣬ŮƹӵȷҪһЩҪܽӺҲЩԵ顣
ҷģСĶᰲ׵ƹ̬ͣ޲
ƹǵĸѾ͹ˣȲׯŮƹҺԸȥտʳ̣
ƹʱǰһʱлСԸ⣬лҡ
лЦƹǸ͵ˣȻŮӵҲԼҰģƹںؼұãȻ˾ҲȻȱ٣պҴȶ˱ȥؿһҷֵ꣬ʱҪƹİæ
ƹæֵ⻰ɷСˣⶼСķ֮£ƾҷԸ
ʹ˴򽻵ҲɣƹںؼȻӵģǺؼӵƹȱһȴľȱһˡƹܸһƬأǾǹֻҪԼⱲӶᰲȹӡ
ƹףҲݵס
ȥʱ򼸸æ⣬ǮǺã˿ܸǮûǮǵԼæء
˲ȥ˺Ժͼоڿֻǻӻĺ˼ȻŲ׼üˡ
ǲߵģֻŶԴۣԱȥǰͷתһȦ
ףͷ˶ܲס۳ӣһ켸дǰ±±⣬һѶʪ͸ˡӣˣлͦ۵ģߣӶ׼ʱƤǡ
ƤⶫʱףҪıǽϣϴãŰҳ֥齴ʱ־ôõĶôһƷǣȥһЩ֥ԼĥһЩ֥齴
ƤΪ٣ÿֻһ룬ˬζȴ
ЦңƤǲҲóȥɣ϶
͵ĿһۣҲôģ̸㣿
ֻҪˣǱֻˣҲý̸кβףܲԼԶְɡ
Զʱϲлҡ
⼸ЩˣЩ
εкöճԵĶһѧһǡ
Ƥ滹дƤܳԵˬĶȥˣһһеʣء
һ˵˶ʱüЦ
ɫҪҲõȵڶˣԱȥķ￴¡
Ե·ľͶԺˣ·㶼Ҫ˽ܣʵߵóȥơ
ⶫǺһ춼ڷͷ÷һˣڿΪ˼Ҳڷһˡ
µĳߴǽĳߴ磬žͱȼԼĴԼþ͸òϸţԼö˼ó
ƿóǰȻһЦͦ
ĲͬѾˡŶһЩŵء
糺죬˼ɩϲá
ȻϲոϽϴ˾ʹȥȻ·ʵ̫Ϊˡ
ȼķ꣬طճűƼͷֻǼɫãƺҲѣ˽ɫŻ֣
ʣţ
ͷˡ
漴ȴ
Цҷ¶ɡ
ɫ΢壬˺ͷ⻰ϲãл
еĿȡ
ûݷ¶׼ȥǰͷ档
ŵʱǰͷܶ࣬Ƕ¥ЩҲ˿ˡ
˺Էֹˣȥߦ棬ˮʱ˺ϺһԱá÷ˮٽһ⽴ͺˡ
﷭´ЦҿǸүģСõ˵һ˵ү鲻ã˿ҲЩɢңſ˺һȥĺԺء
Ŷһȥ˺Ժʱʯϣһһľ۾
ɵ˸ǰŷּ鶼÷ˣƺ鱾񶼲֪ȥˡ
԰ɡ£漴ڶ棬Ƿ˺£
ƺûзԼ÷ˣֻҡͷû¡
ӵݸǼȥ鷳ˣ
촽򣬽ԺʱºͻȻܵԺ˵ȥ£æȥһȴﻹóŶڼſüҸ˵
֪ԵģֻǼ¶ԭȴǰķ׷˺ǰʼҵķ׷˵ǲ˵ģڴŴסôΪǺƣﾭЩȥʱֱ˹ȥ
ԾɲϰݣƱҪдǶǷȥ⳥һӡ
˵Ƿ֪ô£֪ҲܸӣǼҷּҺͷֻʮҲܸǡ
ȻҪ֮࣬ǽˣŽ˸Ūߡ
ͷǡ˵׼ˡ
ʵҲû뵽ҸҹȻҼҵ鷳Ҽҵ鷳ɲ鷳鷳Һؼ鷳Ҳ֪˭ҳ⡭
һңϵأ
ɫ΢䣬ɽˣ
ͷչȥŽŪߡ
ģʡ
ҡͷ֪Ҷ˵һЩǱ˵ųˡ
ս˵ĻѲСѾʼļƻˣ
Ҫ֪ŴسӳºܿѾҲǽ󴨵ĵճӣٷҲǼңںܿλǰĶҲǱȲϽյġ
ֻǸϵĵһ˫ŮҲô궼ӣƾϺǡ漰⣬Ҳò׼󴨻᲻ͬ⡣
Ҳ֪յʲôýͬˡ
ӽһԵһ㲻ʣ˸ɾŲֵл
˵ǶӢ۾л񣬿뵽̫ţͻȻ˵ˡһ澹ȻӢ۾Ķˡ
ȥ˵һɡպ֪Թ㡣
ףá
ļΪЩ£û뽪̸ཻ䣬˵⻰㽫ŻǰͷӱȥҼˡ
ʯżδ
ɳܵķֿ鲻õʱЩˡ
ѵסˣ
˵ԼסԺصΪķˣ˱ǰһЩҲûʲô
ôͱأ
ץץԴ̾˿
ûһֻһɰŵǰǷǶٷķʺסķá
߰ĶʱƵһȻ󽫺ɰǮ˳
ȫЩͭ壬һ
Цô󷽰ﲻǿջסЩӿɲֹЩǮнʳϰǹĺܣЩǮ
ɫʱǺ졣
ݣֵǰϡ
Ŵ쵽ǰ֣˫ϸۣϸָÿˡȴЩ߳ܣȷʮӣҪԣƾ׬һѾǼޣҽ·
Ȼˣ̧Ͻ˫Ŀ򴽸ɴݽмҵ˳ŵǰ£Щˡ
üͷһӣ
˺ò߳ܡ
˵ɫȴһЩֻ˳Щͭ壬׬ύӡ
ǳ鴤ǵĹϵˡ
Щ˵֮˵ԵĻ׶ˡƤһ֮ٺʱҲûôѡ
֮ǰѾ⣬˳ʱҲûɳܣ¶Ͻ۾Ҳû߳ܺͲ졣
˿ѾףǷޡ
ǺǣҿɲԭĽ
¶ȵ˭
޹Ҫǽȷ˵ԼЩҪŪȥˡ
ż뿴׻˵ЩʲôȻ⻰㲻ٿڣкЦŽƵĲڡ
ǧĺ꾫ĿԹ˧˫˫ĿЦʱһ˿Ĳˡ
ƺһ㣬һ˫ԽˣˣǺ꾫ϲε𣿡
˵һ񣬡Сˡ
ģ̲ס촽ˣ
һ㶶ʱ֮ǰԼΪʱһʣͷһЦˡлӡ
ǹȥˣҪƤˣ
һ㾹ļǰûע⵽
Цһй鹦ӡ
̲סۣ
һҹ˯ŵʱһΣ»鵱㱻ǿˣȻһӣûԼΪ񶾿̱ūۼ˻Ʈſ˺ܾã״Ԫ˹٣˲ʮĹ׸λá
Ȼ󣬶ӱ⵹޶ͬڷ
ȻѣӴźݶþòܻ
̫ʵһΣһ
֪֮ǰ˵Ļģ֪ĽԭǸˡ
»鵱սûԽıԭǿˣĻһ᳤ɷɵĶӡ
ͷһͷ亹Ϻĺܣ컹ûȴ˯ˣ·ȥ̨ˮϴ˰ƼӣҴŹǷȥ±ˡ
ǰԺѾܿƻǸĳӿʼ׼ˡ
ڽķ䣬һƬڣ˯š
ʯǰ£ͽദԺſƾٿԡ
ͽĲܴסȫһ֧ŵĺƤƤҲסȥˡ
뵽̲סЦദʱʵûôãôͶأ
ΪǸ׶ˣȴĵˡ
ſʯϣյʯ¶ȶûˣȴоŸ첲˯ˡ
ʱѾȥԺˣӣҸı¶Ҳû룬˵ȥؼһˣ˰ڿϴϣϵʱ㴩ˡ
ĵջȲϺǴҲͦ²ٿյǶҲõʱȥˡ
ԵĺãǰѸٵٲİסˡ
Ľйȥ·ÿ𣿡
ĺ˫¶һ죬ƼŮӰֻ˿סص㲿λѣŮӶ߳ܵĵطİסճߡ
ټϽòһһЦ䣬ŤŤ֫ʱٹһĨЦ⣬¼ŮҲ̲ססˡ
ĴɩǼˣ϶
˵ȥˣһʵ˵ô߳ܵĻ
ŤŤͦģձĲٸ׳ȻԼҲ״úЩʱһȥ
Ҫȥľ⡢Ҳ̫߳ˡ
۳׸ۣ߳ʲôҲõķˡ
͸ˣɩ
ֵˣֻԼģĵֻܻ·ǡ
˵Ĳ˿ҡȥˡ
ȼʱƼʱЩһˣ벻ﲻһۡ
ҡŴб۵ʲôûôÿŮ𣿡
һ漴ֵСͷһμòɹãһʱ侹ԣ¡
˵ƭ˵Ĺ
ջǰ˵ļϹŰĻǰžǸϹ۰ɡ
żǸƤǣΪǸʵģ˭֪еһƴˡ
ˣǺǡ


 36 

Լ뼾ƼԼ̬˱仯, ƤҲûĺͼ˵ԭ򣬱ЦЦŹÿڲ, 㲻ٶϧÿڲˡ
ǫѷлӿޡ
ƫͷǻ˵ȥ
Ȼ;ȴĿڡ
̲ס, ʲôһŰ˱ɸĨǵģ˵ıԣ
ǶԷ㣬¶˵ЩԳЦЦ, ʱԼš
ŶԶ, ת˯ȥˡ
վԭؿıӰʧ΢΢̾ݵ˵鱾
ʲô£һ;, ʱзʱ, Ŀ꣬ʱֻġ
һ㵽ͷʱͷʰ鱾˯ˡ
ҪƤܿ㽫ƤҪ컹нϵĵ佻, ⶫͲ, ѧҲ죬˵յʱ˲˵, ܿˮر˳Ƥķ糱
Ƥģ
ʳ̳ģ˼ĳʳζ, Ǯ, Ǿ±ζһһͶȥԣղԡҪ˵ûۺҲܣˮľ¥̫ס
¥Ķпɽ, ѰС̫׿ֱӳ־͸ƣȻ⽪ʳȴؼҡ
ؼȻ̻ôˮͷһĴڣؼҲȥˣٲ˴㡣йϵȻҲҪؼӣοˮظĸؼҹϵУ̫׵ƹЩҲֻȥдŸ֪˶ҡ
Ƥɷ磬棬һЩʺļĲɫʱ˲١
ʳ죬ȥׯǱ߲鿴ȡƹĿĺܺáҪŮƹҲѾҲ
ֻﶼֻǩԼҪ򵽺ʵﲢס
ƹȥһЩɵĻʱһѧպܻõš
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ֵ˶Խӡˬʹòݣһʱ׷׿塣
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ЦЦȥɡ
˵ʲôôˣ
̧ͷͼˣҽһĻƶŹϣһõĶһ뻹ӣüһ̲סȥ
һӰײһܲһ׷
⻰Цɣ˴˱˴ˡ
ӣҲһۣٳһԼҹʱ׹С͹үǾ䡣
ͦġ
Ͻȥ
ӣˣüͣƺ֪ϲ۾ϲҪôЦ䣬˫۾ŹǵŽ˵ƺû
³ԷõӣҷͷˣűˤڵϵɺӰ˲ſڣ
ĿԺʯϣһпžζſܲײ˼ֱʳ
ɺһŭʱӿеίΪӿҺôһãԼģȻҳܲײˣԵԼ𣿡
ȻӼһŹǣζǲζ
ᣬһˣһ㸹ŵ۳
ĬɺȻˡ
ɺ첽ʯǰۿˣ˶ңͲҸ˵𣿡
Ц΢
ǰ˵õϿɣõ𣿡ɺ򴽵ˣҵ϶᲻˵ġ
ŶϹϷ̵Ц⣬ͻȥŮͺˣʲô浱ϡ״ȥֻҪҵԺ͵ҵģ
̫ɺŭ
ӵЦˣǾ߰
ɺҧŵ棬ת˷䡣
ȥɨûһӳˣңһ׬Ǯ
λشģ
ıҾ˵һʹӲ֪
šֵ´ʾ˵ܶࡣ
Ӳ֪ΪҪ˵ǵͷ֪ˡ
ĿĲҪ
ЦĿľͲдˣĴĿ𣿡
ЦΪƲء
̲סƲ졣֮ǰվ˵ϺͽɺҲԱԭȷôЩиɵĴ²١
仯̫󣬼ڳܹϣĸŮƲΪֻǺؼڱء
ôɺ̬Ⱦܽˡ
ڿʱ߳ŭˣҲϱ
Ҫÿü۵Ķʱͣ
лҪ˵ô죬۾ˣü乴ϱˡ

 38 

ǰʱԼ˾, ˣϽǰŮ˵ġ
ΪӮĲòǰδı飬Լ˫ɢõ, ͼýϲġ
ɴ˿̼˫ûÿĻȣôһ, ʵڴɷ羰ȺĶȻ˰زС
Ҳҿϰ߽˵Щ, Ȼܲ˷ˡ
¶ÿģЦ, Ѿ˲𣿡
һۣƤúǶЭҪ, ҵǩЭˣ
û, طһֽЦ
չýݣ˹Ľֽ˺ƬȻӵԱרͰʯֵ̯, , ûˡ
һﻹһݣ
Ц, Ҳϡ
òҪ
Ŷɫͷˡ
ʲô
Ц, ھƤǿеġ
һ, ô⹷˵׼ˣǿǿ˷к˻ûʲôֿô, Ҫ
ԣ㲻Ҫһء΢΢̾Ϣ漴ЦԿǷ޼ȤΪ˵²ҪҲпԭ
ɳܵĶˣô⹷Ϊʲôôˡ
ɼ˵ȥҪˣȻ˲ô룬Ľɺǰ󱳲ò㣬øɺã
еĸо糱ˮȥ˼еźüͷһЩˣ˸㲻ǶǲǾͱˡ
ɺʱɴ۾ǡ
˼ұȲýҴ󸻴˷ʳ˷ѿɳܡ̾˿ȥȵˮӾûôˣ߸Ͻ˯˯Ҳˡ
ɺˣȻ˵Ļʵ̫
ɺؿЩҪƹ뵽ӵڷĴתת𣿡
ȻЦ䡣
ɺûϵ˵΢΢ʾǰͷȥˡ
°͵ѽҪˣôôס
ϱ鵭ȻҲΪűɺЩҲȥµ㲻ֻܳȥ̽ˡ
ŶĪĶ˻ͦģѾԱ˯ˡ
ͣסŲʲô
оĪӲģŲɴȻһǿ׳ôҲǿģš
εսɺ㻹ҵ˯һȥ֮󴫳ȥʲôӡ
ֻ̲סͼпʵͼֻ˫۴ʱͣӭӵĿⲻ㲻ô
üͷ΢΢һЦСˣƤи񡣡
Ц͵ǿ佱ˡ
ȻʺסҲ洫ʲô
Цһ׵á
ǿתֿųȥˡ
ͷıӰ̲סЦˣ˻ȣʱʱľþ档
ϹŶʱȴΪǾʱǵĴ˹˵ŵ黰
ò˵ķġ
ֻ˵˵֮˱֮ǰ˵ҪȥĽɺ
ԺｪɺϽߣʱһῴżǰʱԶԶżֻѰӺÿЩŽȴǳϵĺÿ
ɺֱ̧ͨһЩ⡣
ȥʱû˷ŵ飬Žɺֻ鷳ɻûǽɺ֮ǰͽء
ɺüĿƺĵǳұദЩ飬û뵽Ծɺôĵ⡣
Ӧ𣿡͵
ɺȿƺûʲô
΢΢΢΢֣¸ǡ
˵겻Ƚɺ߿ֱŻȥˡ
ľͷɺյĶ˶תҲȥˡ
ڳȥ䵽ǰԺŶûȥͱ˳˿ûΪǽرĶԴ˵ȥһ͵СѾͷô±ˡ
ͻȻһһϲ԰ںӣסһӣֱˣ
ʵӣҸղž⣬ߺ˵뿪
ӣһصȻɺһϣ̧°˵Źϡ
ӣ̲סƲ콫ŹϵǰʲôԸ
ɺЦһû֮ǰĿҲҪ˭ǰڸǰȫûаȥıҪˡ
ڸ±⣿
ӣӦǡȴǹȻŮб
ɺͻȻҲƼ˽Ȼźؼңɺؼվҡһ˵Ůû֧߲Զģ˿϶Ҳһûг·˰ɡ
ǹõĺܡӣԭŪһ¾ˣû뵽Ȼ˵ǹﻵˣʱ˵סǹլȻ˵ǹĻƤôô񰡡
㣡ɺʱɴ۾ô˵֪˭𣿡
ӣƲ죬ǽҵĶūǹѾͷҳǼҵˣôūҲǼҵūſɲǽҵˡǹլסǿͣһ˾Ȼú˼ڱ˵ҵĻÿ𣿡
Ҫ˵ǰӣҲ⺦½ͬҲ½ɺл˵ôʹɽɺ˵ϸѰ
ֻҲһǹεˣɲǰΨΨŵŵСѾͷˡ
ɺҲȷûϵǰСµСѾͷôǿӲˣʱվ첲ҪȥӣҶʱͷʹޣ
ɺ
ű죬ͷӣҳʲôˣ
ɺķֲĵɵϱԴ
ӣվūû£ȥЪŰɡ
û˽ɺӣҪˣĽɺ˻ȥ
ӣҵһЦĵǹǴ̵̫ⷨˡ
ɺڴƺ˯ˣӣͷȴұ۾ʮ֣λͻȻϢӣҶʱ˾񣬷ŻŶԷĶ
ɺƺ³ӣң⵽˸ǰӣ˯ĵĿųȥ
źϵӣѸ¸˳ȥ֪ɺͼıӣֱĨǰͷȥˡ
ǰͷЩסĵط˵Ůǲȥģӣ֪ɺһǱȥġ
˼ϸ΢ĽŲͷͼҹŵ˹ʱ˿ȥǰͷˣ
ӣū׷ʱѾˡ
ŵһԵĵЦߣȥ
˾¹Сǰͷȥˣ˵Ůӽε֮
ɺΪ˴ﵽĿľȻֺһӵɺƲϳЩأû뵽Ϊ˵õӴﵽԼĿܻóȥǲ֪ĸˡ
ȽϤҲͲ֪ĸˡ
εĵطغãǶҲԶ
ӵùơ
ڰѹҲüͷһʱ뵽ĸˡ
һ˵ĳӻһлҲͶʮ꣬ƽʱƲıڸʵ̫ͣû뵽˵
ɺЦ˾ҽԼԸԸ⵽ȥ
ʱԥСڶ
кѡɺֻҪ㽫±ķӻ˵ķӸңȥвӦӦȵʱҿһӣ¶˵㣬ô
ӴǹȻǽˣֻϧ±ķӻҲ֪Ӧ˵˳ӣû֪±Ĳ϶ںԺţӣҶڷ֮õȥǻ϶ֻӣ֪
Ϊѵⲻ׵ɡ
˵ɺʱã˼ǲˣ
Ʋˡ
ɺҲֹһۣ˲һû뵽Ҳǻҵġ
ûУûУСĲҡҲɵֻһʱɫİˡҲ׽ɺôǶҵã¹ϵã¶ǽɺģ¶һ١
ĸŽɺˣպҲдʱֻһֱŴﶥгͷ֮ա
ɺЦȻˣǱ˰ɣһȥˡ
𡣡ЩԥˣŽɺԼƳĳҲģֻ±ķȴûеġ
ɺҸӣ±ķӸҡ
ŵûСҪʱ䡣
ҿԸʱ䡣ɺվ͵뿪õȥҡ
Ҳʱ䡣
ɺ󾪣˭
ʶȱܣҹɫܻȥʱϡ
Цɺͣǽڵˡ
ŪӱץŽɺҲգֱߵĵƼߵӣˣﻹ֪ӣ͸¶٣ʱɸ۵ӹȥˡ
Լ𣿵ȷͦ˵ġ
˵Ƿҹˣȥ˯ˡ
ɺһ㶣ôŹˣ
˽ɺЩȷˣιôŹˣ
ǰ洫Ĵ뽪ɺĶУ¶Ҳõ˯˵
עǸ֮ҹɺýưոݣǻȥķˣûȥҲǲ˯ţ۵뷨һȰͷϴˡһͷŽɺ¡
˭û뵽˵ȥ˯Ļȥ˯ˣ˯Ļǳ̤ʵ
︺ľ׼æµˣʱĳ˯һЩ׼š
һֱܽΣڴͷĴڣڻ¶Ҳ֪òãܴҲáΪ֪ǶҰҲֵ꣬ʱ򲻹˭ȥá
Ͼ˶˵ģ˶кó·ҲԷˡ
ȥ˵ģ˳ȥֻ˵ʱͻˣæĻȻڿϷȥ֪ˡ
񲻼ѣ̲ס֪Ƕ뷨ؿֵ¶
һ㶣Ȼҡͷ֪
˵ͷŶ
ûٶ˵˵ֲֻ̿ǽ˵ô
ŵ˶ۼԺû˯õĽɺһû˯Ϻ㲣Ⱥֵͬ̿Ļ̲סƲƲ졣
˭뵽հò׹һǸ¶ģӶòֻ֣տҲѳ¡˵ˣͽ±ⶼȥˣسǵ˾ûвϲ±ģҪǰѷŪ֣ԼһǮ
ֻϧץţԽԿ϶ưոݡ
Ȼϴˣֵ˵˹ŲſڵСͳȥ
ɺʱһ㶣⻰ʲô˼
˵ʲô˼һСԼʲôԼǵˣǵһһ临
ɺɫѿҲ֪˵ʲô
֪ͱ֪ˡڰֵӳȥ˵㾹Ȼ͵ķӡ
￴ۻͷ˹ȥɣСΪѡ
ɺûţϵҲûԷֱ죬Ūǲˣֻܺͷȥˡ
ͷ亹ֱͨһڵϣ󶫼
÷ϻӣҵϵˣĻȥɣСݲ¡
ҲãյĶ޹ؽҪĶҪȻ治֪δˡ
ƴͷ󣬽ȴﶼûĿͷŵ㶯ģȴԼңΪҪ㡣
СԲˡ˵Żӵ嵽СһѵڵϵСԸһָʾġ
ȽӦֵСĴָѾڵϣʯ϶մѪ
һӣҸǼһ˹ȥ
ʲô巢ĸ˻ζԵĵ
ɫҰףͷҪСͻȥ˵ʹŲȱַģСĻڴĴѶңΥú
Ϊֱһˣ˵һŮ˿źˣЩ˿Ҳľ
ҲЩͬ˲֪Էĺºͻ̿֡ҲȥȻæµһЩɳԵĺôůһգ뿪ȥ
ҹһʱϣֱ֤̲סĿ򽪾
ɫܲÿڰֵʦȴȥơ
ңСİɡһͷȥ
ˣ£ȥ
ʱ˿ͷϵĺҲ漴
űŪҲԲȥˣȻ˴߽һأһֱôЩСࡣ
ϼʱƼҰһԺѹҲǳĵ͡
ʱѾˣŶɿ磬ȥοһ¶ɩɩŵˡ
ʱѾһ䣬ӵ˲֪ʲô¡Ǽı㽫龭ͼ˵һ飬̲סǸɺǳ˶֣Ƕȱ˰Ȼˡ
⻰üֻҲ˵ĳڣȥȥ
˵Ҳֱ˽ķš
ʵҲǼѪȣֻǻԼõָͷĻ̫Ϣʱһ۾𵶿ָͷĻ棬Ѱ
˼û̾˿ȥһһĹţţȻײˡ
ͷſƵײɡ
֪ģӵͦʵġ
һ㶣Żͦ£ײ㲻ۣײ˯ȥ
һҲײУײȥ˯
һͺˣӾС˵ײźûвɹģһײô죬˯ȥ
ޣ϶ײŽʵء
ȻͷûͻȻűһײ˻Σûʱűײˡ
⼾ЩˣȴԾɹЦίӽһ˯ˡ

лҪ˵Сӽһ׶԰ʼʱ˷ܿԽ׶԰棬費ܽȥͲˣǱʦȥģϣܿڽȥͳԷķϲҪְɡ
ĸ׵İ~

 39 

һͷⷿŲʵû, ڶͷǼ˺òҪƳۻٿżЦ˫Ŀ, š
дЦ⣬áһֵǽίˡ
ŻȻҲס, ƼվſڵǵĿ˵Ҫȥͼȥ˯, ķɿľžһŹˡ

ԼӵʶȤ, Ц߰ɣӡ
һӽе쳣, ̲סһ, Ŀн̲סͷá
ǼߵЦԣ롣
ʱɫԺѾ밲֮, ǰĵһ, ѪѾϴɾһĻ̫, ֻһƺ˺˵ԼָͷʱΡ
̲סһ¾Щ䡣
ת˲ֱǣסůĸоӿȫ˲
̧ͷͶϼº͵, ͷƺǹ㽫ڰҹ
߰ɡû˵οĻ, ֻǣԱȥ
䷿мһǼĵķ䣬Ǽסӡ
İ軹ԭµģڼĶ˼Ϸŵȴеĸо
ֱӱŴȥ, ί๫ˣ޺ұȥ
ѽ㣬ǲϳԿĳ磬ƺ֪ˣڵϯһ㱻£˯ɡ
̲סͷ齣ȥ˯齲ˣ
ҡͷȥ
봲ֱӸ磬̫Զˣᾪ
Բأڴ£ڼζ
ɾܻϴ˯ζǲţˬζ˯˹ȥ
˯˼ȴ˯ˣ﷢δǿ£˲˵Լָͷãһʱ˵ǽأ
һ뵽ųһ亹ƺвˣɳ˳ʦãŵĹŵĹյʱ˭˵׼ܱܲȫ
üͷζ˼£ֻһ£ܻȫ
˼룬ϵĽƺСһʣ˶ҭҲ˲ǹأѸ˴ߡ
ûѣȴۣģʹˡӸȥţƽڲٿˡ
˿Ҫͼۡ
جΣμõ֪ԼҲȭĳҲܽôˡ
һ£һ¡
ǰļ׷ĳȥʱЩΣجˡ
һѻ߰ɡ
ͷá
ԼôݣһպõǾ鷳ˡ
˵˯ɣ£㡣
ֻű̺ӣ˵ʵĴͦҲͦ΢
Ҳȥ˯ɣˡ˵
ĿȻҡͷ
ǴҪˡ
գգŶһȥ㣬˯ˡ
˯ˡ
Ϊ֪Žҹ˯İȣʱ컹δſڴ˯ˡ
ͷһһˣĽëܿһϵĹԭ⻬Ĵ߷ɫ˼ְˬʡ
Ҫ˵ռжҲǼٵģʲôû˵ʲôûʣֻøУһ˲ԣһأ
żĲԥҪвţҪòòֻҪȡҲǲܡ
ΨһĵǷɣֻɳΪԭòݺӣԭѾûˣͼӣӦòΪɰɣ
򴽣Ƽüͷ˶ŲջĿۡ
һ㶣Цˡ
ͷˡ
ͷɫվȥϴ
ϴȴûȥԺɻ󣬡ߣ
ҡͷղȥˣѾȥҸˡ
϶ǵң
ǡûзս鴦ˣȻȥԺҲû˼顣
򴽣Ǹ˰ˣЩӷ߾ˡ
ţȥ˵ҾһõʱǿԼô졣
򲻹ҡô˵ҲûףϾûΣջǱȽϺá
һȥ򼸸ǿ׳ӻлԺ
Ҳ룬Ժ̫СʵסôˣӦӻɡ
˵Żţ֮½ҲԺˣ㽫Ŷ˵ǿһЩ
ЪţӺͻȥˡ
Ҳ֪˵ģˣֻҪһʣµֱ˻
ǰͷЩ˳ջôΣյʱûǡ
Ϊ¶ģһûȥԺɡ
ȴߣҡͷȻѾ˼ٱ㲻ȥˣԼҲǿԡ
ʱ򽪾ҲûûϴźϴҴҶһžʵûŰɣ
ûУĸô֪ģΪ¶ûȥû뵽ϻ֪ˡ
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ڵ𱸣Ĺȴü١ϵĹһʱ߶𱸣ʵǵˡ
´һ߾ĸҡϵĸ첲Ůҡĸһ
϶ΣֵؼҾңһҪǡ
æĵͷһ
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Ƚֵܾģĸǵ㣬ǹպˣǶһˣΨһҪϣ϶ǮĶ԰ɣ
治֪˵ʲôˣĸҲˡϵΪȻȥϹⰲġۿ̲סˣĸ
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һֱŵļʱ̧ȥϣȻؼ˼ġ
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֮ǰڲׯͷ¶ʱЩȻЦ֡
绹ǻ÷ǡĲĿźϡ
⻰һʱϵı鶼סˣá÷򣿡
ʱ
÷ʮߣʮһʮߵĽһʮ÷򡭡
Ϻ֮ɫ׵ıãúһֲǡ
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ÿҪġ˫Ц˵
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϶ôˣǱʱƼһĻ
ζĿۼ˸ĺ÷
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ĿŲˣЩʧ䣬ת˲ָֻ糣˵
ֶ֪Щ飿Цʵ
ϵɪӣϵĻҶ

Ҳ㿴Сɡ𣿡
ͣ⡢ʲô飿Ϊʲôô죿
˾ʼϲĽ˽˼˵Ǻ׹˼ͿȴݾһϵвҸһĹ¡
͵ĸĳ뽪̸۹Ŀ;βĹ¡
Ͽģⶺôû
Ծɲ𣬺ⱾɽǴĺܣԺЩҲ㲻ûɣ
춶˶û¿Ķ徭;ʷӼ˵鲢δ
ûŭ飬ͻȻһͷ;ֱӳ˰ɣ
ͻȻתüһ㶽žüȻСⱾ鶼ûѹֲϱˡȢϱҿ϶ĵġ
⻰ü￩һĿֳȥ
ϴսѹǱҾУҪ𣿵һȥ˸
ԭΪܾ˭֪˫ĿĿһۿڵˡ
Ͼջضۣûб濴ʵ
Ž߶߶˺ܾãڸŲŵԳճҲųˣǸŪû
ˡһ뿪ˡ
Ͼȵ㻹͸ðֱӣȥ˶Լݣ˵ܷҧһڡ˵ˣ㿪ͷ˷¶Ϊô죿ӻˣһӵİѷӶ׬ë
ձ߶ֱ߶ʱۣȻȴмǲġ
ϲΪ⣬̫ˡҲöʩ
Цס
˵ǲӦ˵˶ǵ￴ˡϺ˵Ķԣ֮±ǿʳǿֻ㡣
³ţŲ뿪
ˡ
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ӦһȥϢ°ɡ
ľŻûޡ
ŶЦǱȥǱϢޡ
ȻһֱڼҲûޣűôǶˣ¶ǾȻҲװϹɿ
⹷ж
󽪾ǿ˻ֱӽ֮ҲϣеڶΣҸһᣬߵģˣߵպú˹ܺԼ۾ֺͣĵҽȻǴ˼ҳˣһڳԵıضǶӣӿɽʱҲһǳͷ֮ա
Ա߾ͷ˵Ŀɨ˵ߵھ͹ˡ
һʮˣƹҲжʮͷˡ
ӣվ˶վ˵
˵ֳ꣬һƬžһƹµСĴСںؼң˶ȻǶҵˣҲᱳѶҡ
¶ɾǱѣԼָҲܸıʵҲÿ֪±ķӣȻӶܴܵӰ졣
ƹ˵ҲȥСĺͻǴĴȻһ·շת˾ǵģСĲ֪룬Сȥȷǳ϶뿪ӣᱳѶҡҺ뿪Ҳûбõĵطˡ
ĻһҲ׷׹ȥ׷ױʾ뿪
һ˵ĶԣΪ˺ЩǰȥĺʵҲΪʽԭˡ
˽ЩɳԵıĺã˶·ʱ򽪾ָһЩԵˡ
ļҵһء
ǵķӦ⣬ЦɣҼȻǽţȻǣгһٳֵڶǾͱĺˡ
Ļ˿ỳµԡ
һԵһθͷʱڶεʱͲˡοЩյԽԽ࣬ıʧҲ͸ˡ
ѵ껰ˣȴһڿƼæͷˣǽĲеĿ䶼ˡ
˼ʲôܰѶ俴ˣ
ȥ̽ͷ㿴ʲô飿
Щţҿ㿴ˡ
㿴š
šӦһһʷ顣
ŶһƹȥƳȥˣȻѸתɿĳͷȥ
æ˱ײһмܲסֱˤڵϣץŽ첲ȴûɿȻ󽪾㱻קҲˤȥ
ĿԣĲ񻰵ĽëһһģֳжôĽˡ
۶ٲɿҿҪˡ
ˣļ粻ǰǸˣԣͷһ£ɤＷһá


 40 

һġҪ
գգĳչȥ, ҲΪĿֱڽԽʱ̲ס۾
ڴǵĵ
յԽԽĽȴżſɰдεʱЦˣȻֽͷµ鷭˳, һϵˡ
˵㳯ȥʶƭʱǰ, ű㲻˼׷ȥ
˴ӵŲϣȻ, ⴲĴд޿ӡ
ڴ˫Ŀ, ҡ
߹ŲЦȻôţ˵ʲôʷ, 㲻ڿСİ, ҿʲô
˵͵ͷȥֻƤϵС֣Ļû㱻˹ˡ
Ѹٶ㿪һЦ, Ȼ, ԭļ
鱻ִ˿̰յͨ죬ҲͰ, ƫƫдǿСɶڣʱߵĲ, ûͽ, ڻץ
ͷдݣֱ
Ȼǲϰݵģ龯Ŀżֺ÷, ôС˵ҿͷһСľͰˣñ˵Ļ㣿
˫Ŀû˵Խ޼ɵַһҳͷдݶʱһȻ󲻿ŵĿڿ顭ҵأССҲ̲סȥ
죡Ĳٺ죬ֻҸضȥڻǱˡ
дĺ¶ǰ
ͻȻֵģ
ҿϸġ
Ӵһֿʼ
ȴû˹ңҪٿ
ڴϣһ˱㱻ѹ˴ϣ˵ľֽˣĴߣʹղŽһΣ붼ľȥ
һ̽סˣûϵȻ
ǲƽǰ߽࣬һԾܾĻȺ͹
ɬҲýһ뷨
ôҲôˣΪ9012ŮӣúӵĴȻ࣬˯ӵļҲûУŻΪ׵Ļ찵ء
ʮϴﾭܹЩղȥѾ˶ʮ׵ʱѾȫû˾ܾء
õ룬ΪʲôҪأ
ǱǷް
뷭ϧ̫ʼûܳɹ
׹ػһʰ
ͻȻһ֮ǰŵĳѾˣĿı׳ţзͷ͸ŷȤŮˡ
ȻһͻȻʶԼʲôˣΪʲôˣ
ǣ
ʲôرһֵǧ𣬾۾һ
һåңҺÿ𣿡
˵ȥŮ˷˶ȲϣοԽѾŷң˼ӿҲˣʲôþġ
ϲ˾ϣҪһӣѲһӵòɣ
иֳɵ˵˯˯ײ˯
Ļ׵⽹ۣȫûıҪˡ
̧ͷֻʣڿ㡣
ڿ֮ǰͼֽ·ӣʹڽϣ
ɴ۾۾ͷҪβˣŤŤߵҺÿ𣿡
㶵ĵ˵ͷѪЩˣӭһǡ
յƶŮ£ºӶǽǸģ
ûĴʿݣˣⱲӶҪŮ˳ˡ
һҲ붯ˣֵźˡ
ȥˮִİսķԸϴӣԼ˲ص￴ڴϹָͷʱŶ˸Լʲô
ͽķˣ
ôǲǾͲ뿪ˣ
ʱϲԼŬôˣ
˫Ŀ£첽˴ǰӡ
һҪҸǮ𣿡
ʲôǮһ㶡
Цʰ
׹ԨԸĨˣ
ôУ
վֱԴǵҼѾӵˣպҪΪС

⻰ѵ˵
ôǿֻԲ븺ĵԲ˵⻰İɣ
Ĩ˰Ѻ˵
ˣɫӸúúøǡ
˵ߣڵ˯ɡ
Ŷ۾־òԣȻ۵Ҳ롭
롣תȥӣһҲˣܹ㣬Ҳֲܿ𣿡
˵һȻˣ˼˵ˣŶһðɡ
šɫһЦˣ˯ɡ
˸̥˯˹ȥһŴ˯ġ
ڶյʱľͷƺǳĺãŵʱЦŵʱҲЦȥ˵ĻҪ˵ǸɩԵġ
СÿնһСԼ׬Ӷܡ
Щ飬ǲ̫ˣоˣ
ϵʱ򽪾ϴ軻ϸɾڿڱż
⼸һŴҲǸ˯ģûһصĵط֪Ĳ
糣ϴڴƿӵʱסˣˡ
۾˹
˭ᰡ
һͨڡ
ڶ콪ˣҲû
ŵʱѾˡ
˺ͺֻͣǺͺ˺ܿģǽ֪֮ĸˣҲǰҵ״̬ˡ
ӽһˣϲˡ
Զ׼ģԽŬƱҪоٿнʿŮһõδ
һתϻˣʳҲ棬ʱϾ͵ˡ
ƻŵһͿʼϻԻյʱͻͼֽҪͭӣëѪ֮ʺ϶ĲƷҲʼͼȥ˶ʮһСԺסţƽʱĳŰȥϿΡ
ȹʱ㽫ֵ꿪ȥġ
֪ƻæĽŲմʱͷҲԽۡ
ʮս˷˼٣ҲͼżĻڡͼĹϵĬˣ߻ŵҲûޣʼҲûȥᣬһֱסڼǼ˯һŴżη޼䳣е˶ͦ⣬Ҳ⡣
Ͼû˲ϲ˧粻ǣвòڵҲʵڲˡ
ȣȥˣĵһֱû£
Ͳۣ
ҡͷۣˡ
ûԵɣ֮ǰͼַ˯ʱСüˣ˺õĲУָ˵ĲСÿϲ̵ĻҲҪǡ
ڼڳϵʱҲ飬ǱСɡͱûˣû¶óҳСǵģһƼǳˡ
Ľ𡭡
Ǻǣһ£ڼҲˣǿˣϲŮ˲һŮˣܲ˵ġ
ڿ飬͸ĺ˳Ȼ󳶵ׯĿ
ׯרǻ·пҪʱƣֹ·Ҳǡ
ϴĴﵽⶼԼĵֱʣһãҲԽԽ¡
˼ң̫ܸˣЦеĿŽӳʱǰһʱҲĵ⡣
ʱ̫һвúòӭ̫̫Ŀ⽪йɲԤС
ȻֺǺǵôãƿﱧ˰ɣ
ƤĶʱͺڨЦ
̫һºֵͣ˳Ȼͺã𼱡
ҽ˳ȥˣ̫ӸϳȥʼԲ˰ɣ
ȻԼ˵⻰Ǿò˼εĵͷš
ǾͺãǾͺá̫ЦСϱ·һƾƳҲǡ͵űˡ
ڨЦ
զˡ̫궼ʮˣͶʮһˡ
뵽Щ˸¶ΣԼ̫ӵ˼＾ӱҪȥμԣ˳Ļת괺ǣŵʱҪһȥģ·Ҳ㲻ǡ
һȥ̫Ǿȣ̾ǺðɣҲǲͨˣǾ˱á
˶ֵҲãҲиӦһ㣬ǲȥģʱĸȥϱһҲӦȻҸżҡ
ٵһգӻϣǵġ
ȥȥ̫ЦһϹͷɲԸ뿪ķͷأҵﶼȥ
ͷڵʱͼ̫ܺã¼̫ͲҲǹ룬᲻뿪˰뱲ӵĵط
ûжȰܹ绹ڼĸҲܿࡣҵʱٻнʱ䣬˭֪ʲôĹ⾰
̫ЦŰοžǸдˣһȥҷġ
֪ЦЦԺӶϷ
̫ЦеﲻθСӣº͵Ԫ˲ˣϡСġ
ЦЦ
ϽЦĿ²ǳûȥ˵ʲô
˯ʱ򽪾ʵ˵ʲôôˣ
Ƴһºͷ˹˵θСӡ
һŵŶɩҲӦû
˼
Ҳװɵ֪֪벻ҪҪҡ
һ֪
˶ֵ˽ʿǾӿɺã
㣬ʮȺʱʮˣƺҲԡ
ʱԭķͲӦþͲǸˣƺҲС
á
Ӧ˼˿ͷá
Ĭ˯ڶձˣʱڸǳѵĺʱڣϧѵıȽ٣ԺٿɽѺᣬһҲֱָܲӣѾƣͷһĹҲܺˡ
žһ죬ʲô
ѡġ
ӦһûóȥһѻϽĿ⣬͵ȥʱǰͷѸ
⻰ôţҲûϴȳһζǲ
ʮİԲͼ̫ſ̽ͷ̽ԣɾճǻ̫ڴ仨ɵ¶ˡ
ʱԴøøӡ
̫ڨЦϱе¶㡣
ûҲ극ˣ˵ȥˡ
̫ϸŭȥָʹ仨÷ķϡ
ЦЦ÷ôõġǰﲻ˵ģǸ
˵Ҳȥˡ
̫վ̾˿첻ˣ˨˯ˡ
ʱ컹ûأ⻰ˣ̫ɫܲÿ̫̲סȰɩӣҼϱȻǸȵˣʱǸճ׵ʱ˵Ļȷ׵ͱˡ
̫ü˵ǼȢϱȢڰţɶҪ
Ҳ°̫ЦеҰŮ۶ءذɡ
žһŹˣ̫üֹһ񾭲
զˣǽǴڴ仨˹ʵɣ
̫Ҫˣǰ˵һţû뵽ϱǸβġ
أڴ仨ƺԽ̬Ȳ⣬⼾̬ȡ
̫ѿˣˣȢϱϱһˡ
ڴ仨ЩţüֱԺȥ
̫Ĵ۵ؼ˵
ͼɲ֪Ĵ㣬˻һȥϴǳ׵Ĵһᡣ
ºǼƺ󣬽ﶯ붯
һûͷŮ˲ɰ
ڶһţֱӱŴϵԺȥˡ
¼·˲࣬ƿƣƼϤıӰ
գվס
ǰͷŵĽһͷƼϣʱ󾪣Ȼȱܡ


 41 

һνմ˺˾ûټ, ˵źؼҵ̶ȥ˸ǣΪһȥúü£û뵽ڵǻ
ɻͻ, ΪҪܣ
ͷȥץ
ӦһæһҶ׷˹ȥ
վǸȵùǣܿ㴹ͷɥıץ
ʲôŽշͦÿ, ϵ·Ͱоζ֬ζ
ʱü㷽ȥˣ
ûûȥİЩҿ, , ջؼϴȥš
һЦŲھʹȥؼҶһ¡
𡣡տ, ˵𡣡
Ǹ˵, Ҳ㹷Ƥҧгݵ
տ͵ʵģҸҪؼҾȥȾ, ˵Ҫ˵, ȻҾȥˡ˭֪Ļ¥ֺŲ߹Ҿ, ȻҾͺˣʱ͸Ͻܳˡ
ȥ˻¥ӵĿŽ, 漴ŭ, ٳҲʮİ꣬һʮ˾Ȼȥ¥Ⱦƣ
ŭˣʧˣ
һˣûûС
û֪ͻȻ, ͷ·ȥҡ
æûء
ȥػ¥
ɵ㣬ˣûʧռæ͵ȥҶඪ
ҪЦˣ㻹֪֪ʲô㻹ȥǲɵȰ¶ʲô¶ЩĿе󣿡
յҪ͸ˣŲӵ˵ûɶǱЩơ
ǡһֻЩƣקסǲǵˣʮ꣬ʮܻ¥ȥǿ˾ƣ֪¥ľʲôд.ҩ֪֪˵ûʧ㶼ˣ֪˺ʲô´أ´θʲô֪𣿸֪ʱ𣿡
˵ʱһ㶼ҲûΪкǳأǿǵĶֻ࣬ǰӣ۸֣˭֪´ʲô֡
ûʲô¶ȻЩŸȥ˵ĺӡ²ͷô˵㣿ô㣿㲻˵뿪ˣѽ߬𣬾Уһͻʧܽ㣿˵㣬ҲžܶҵļҲ
ĻĿ𽥴ͣҲԽԽ԰ףɡҡ˵ʱ·ϵġ
˼УСҲơٶԴ˵˼˽ĲࡣСû¶͸Һú룬Ҹɻʱϡ
㶵ĵͷ֪˵ĸɻʲô˼
ȻسǽĹӣüҶҲϼһֱ¥ȥˡ
صĻ¥ȴĳ͡
ֵջ¥ȻŵǶߵˡ
ȥˣңˡ
һͻȻı⣬ȵû˵ĵطһ١
Щ˷ܣʲô
Цһȡ
ϡӦһȥˡ
յɴ۾㣬᲻᲻̫ã
ʲôõģǵõ˻ҲŴȣʱеˣ
ڨڨģҡҲɻµġ
ЦôȥģԸȥġ
ǽպǡ
Ǿͱ졣
Ƶţһû˵ӣǲȥһͷ磬ƼǰȻҲȥ
Դϴα֮ڼ˺Щ죬ӺˣɶԽܵʹȴ٣հҲǸɣسӵʱ˽գʱⷨӽȥ˻¥
ΪľǶԽܡ㲻öԸܻܵöԸ
ȻСƽʱͦJҲǾһʮСŪȥ
˭֪һСӲˣԼȻְ˴
ȭȫϣĹܵæ޺ġ
Ȼһԣ˭Ķ֪
һôĲˣȡˡ
Ȼ˽ЦеôʶˣС˾ˣ
ƿڴԭ.ӣǲǻĲͷ
û˵꽪һ˦ȥˣһûˣ͸ɾ𣿡
ϴαһѪˮʱֵһʱſȻϽĿʱһˡ
㡢ƾʲôң
ƣѵֱ״ˣ
ȻΪʲô㣬㲻
ڨڨԼȥġ
㵱ɵָһƣִ˴ͦ۵ġ
ʱŭ
̾˿ϴεĽѵ󰡣ǰȥׯŪǮ¶ҲƽϣҾˡ˼ǳû뵽㻹𱨶Ը飬ҽҪ׵ķŹҶöԲԼˡ
ĻʱйɲõԤУڵŲŲֵ㡢Һˡ
ɡЦеҾܲܺˡ
ʱ磬żҲҹġ
ȻҪԺ
ͻȻ£ͷǶݵķҰɣԺҲˡ
СķĶ˵ûá
˵ùĹӣЦҵûлС
ʱɴ۾˵ʲôĹѾ׼ȷСϡʱ۵İ
ƶûûٲһӡ
һõļ󣬳ģȻǵöϲɡ
һȻˡ
šߡֻͷȥǾ;ȥû֤֮ǰӲׯŪߵǮĿҲȥˡˡ
ӭıǽոӵҴž塣
ˣ£ЦеĿ𣿡
ոϽͷ
ЦЦĸˣë޵ԴҪǲĵĻ
û˵ǽȴˣæ֤
ͺá̾˿磬ǰұۣԺ󶼲ˣǽҪͬЭǡ㲻һڽңУˡҵøأüס

ڵһȥ¥ڶʶҪ֮ܽ˾Ҫ۶ϲĶȥʾ˾ˡڽңҪеľ˾ʮǽôģôġģ㲻ȥԣʮ֮ǰÿȥ飬дҪд˵ڳҪ࿴飬ʶ𣿡
ĸҲףϽӦҶˡԥһСĿȻ⣬Ҳȥ¥ġ
ţ¥ŮӲҪմȢϱʱȥҾĸвϺĻ£𣿡ͷĻǸĸ֮ý֮ԣԼ¼ҵĻ٣͵Ŵ嶼Ĵ˵ɲͼ뿪ճϵ׸ء
֪Ϊãæͷ뿪𣿡
ȻȥμӴҿ϶ҪŵġȻͼžžҲ᲻üΪƾپͷֿġ
Ʋ죬ô֪һܿء
̧Դϴһ£϶ܿϡ
ŶҲˣѧĺҲ˵ԺҪ˵˭поٳ˼Ҳڶ
ͻشȻȥɣҶŵ
˵ֶҸʦ򡣡
˵ʵ뿪˻Ҳþܾ֪ǿӦˡ
˼ֻͷڽû¶㲻õҡ
Цʲôʱ򽪼˵ҾͲˡ
šյͷ죬֮ǰ
ǸԼĿˡ
Цá
յ˦ԭʮ֣ձҲûܹСֻϣȡѵպĪҪٷĴˡ
＾ܽǵ뿪ʱҲķˡ
ʱģ
ȻôʣȴѾȷˡ
Ӧһѽյ¶˵ˣԼɫҲ̫ˡ
̲סЦҪĻ
϶Ҳϡ˵ƺЩײеĻ˵һ
һ㶣ЦΪûǵ϶ҹǽͲˡ
ǿ϶Ҳϰݡ
ʼ磬ǾĿԴˡ
ҽ뵽ҽȽϿ϶ҲӲáв¶ֻҪӾͲ
ΪôͣΪϣռƻ˳ôҲ⡣
ǵ˵ͺãһָӣöԷǽͲˡ
áҲûд˵ȺãҲͰˡ
һֱ˼Ҳû˶˵ϣδĽȴͻȻˣʱȽҪŵļ
Խ󴨺Ǽɵǲȥ٣Žȥ˺Ժ
ߵǰӣʱոտţһ·ӣҲǾȣһ·ȴĬĴûпڵĴ㡣
ڣҲϸ˵˺ԺʱδЦڽݺȱ裬Сȥо
ɫģĴεǷ޸Σ
һ㶣ͷȻܺá
һֵ֪㲻Ż£˵ʵҲ⡣
ɫδ䣬ŻµͲ˿ãʱΪִ˵⻰Ҳʵ
˵⻰̾ǸҾͷˡ
۰ŮϸףҪ֪󴨵ΪˣҪжˡ
ߴŵЦ⣬Ȼֳȥˡ
ѰʱͶ𣬴ʱ˯Ҳ˽ˡ
ۣƼȥʱ򵱼첲ק˴᲻ֻˣ˵̣ҹ㻹û
˵ֻ绰ƤЩܲסڻｪ󴨻ű̲סˡ
˯ȫޣȵ˭
󴨣ǿеЦղŻοϸһ˵ͷء
̲סۣ²϶¶
˻ȥʧЦ㲻ȥд
ûĿ㾡ȥдˣû˯˯
˵ŵֱ۾˴ɣ񻰡
𡣡ֱӷƱزˡ
ε̾˿վȥд
˵ֻ˸ڣ΢΢ɢҵͷʱȻǹ˭֪뷿Ȥ
δ˵ȥأ
˼ĿһСżз纮ҹչСʵ۵ĺˣδȵȵȣ
ɫܲÿü񻰡
ǣСĴô˵ȴ΢΢ţеǸӡ
ЩӲ󴨵Ķӹһ
ȵδţ
󴨳˵ͷ
ԵƬ̣Сȥǰͷ׼Ź
˵ȥŹС֮ĶһЩ󴨳Ȼ󡭡ûԱ
ҪӣŮҪԵĲÿһ촽ۼ
ʵˣǲȥȡǸˮģôҲûӡ
ɺȲˮҲ죬δ󴨶ֶˡ
μЩҲ¶ˡ
ˡ
ʱˣյģǷһε
Ҫ˵ʵǽΣһǽŵЦ⣬ע⵽˽ŻеЦҲ࣬ˣ˸׼š
󴨱ͷܲöһ⻰ʱ˾񣬶ʱֱųԷ
ƺûƳͼЦЦȻȥ˸׼š
ŶǵոĳרŸģʱ˵Ҫˣæ˹
ŽС׼Ҳʢڽʱ򽪴۾ˡ漴ЩãԵʱôһ㣬Ҳûڵľ£Ʋ
Ҳû֨Žȥš
֪أԹȥºͼһһߣЦЦȻѾùˣŮˡԼҲЩһģ԰ɣ
󴨶ʱסⲻТŮ˵ʲô˼ûˣ
Ȼ󽪴󴨵Ķֹһˡ
лҪ˵Ķλô󣬸ü

 42 

󴨵Ķĺܴ, ޲ûΪݼãҲֻû, ͼҼһӣҸһʱʱĻһóǸȱ˵ʲôϡ
Ľһջ, ׽Ҫѿжѿһ˲Ůѿ
֮ǰŵ¶, ʱͻǴ̵ںؼҵİôǮ
뵽ｪ󴨺Խļ, ɫҲԽҧžԼĸ׳ûԱ𣿡
ȵ, , ҳԲϷ𣿡
󴨶ȻһŴŭΪŮ˵Ļ𣿽ûзûТйϵ𣿡
СЦģǽҳԲϷŮܵТǡ
Ц˺ܿýһ˲鲻ȥ, µġ
, ˵Уء
, ȡ
ҴġЦⲻԶ, ȥʱˬˡΪŮʦ𣿡
ûϵֱӾͳ˶ʱ, Ͳøȥ
޹°ҪȥͲôˡҲ²£òǱ˵Ҫ⳥İɣ
û, ɫѿ
ԭͶԽ󴨲κϣȴûϵϵĹƨ׾ͿֵزΪˡ
ҲϻһӶνȥǱȥ棬˳ʮĿȥ̫үȥˣ˵ˣ
Цһη壬˾˵صϵϤʱ϶참
Ͳֱ˵ȥҲûˡıͲԸһؼɫӲá
ܿǿƣȻҲ˺ؼҵĹ⣬˵Ϲʱ˳ƶΪĺˡ
󴨶ԺؼԾǼɵģ֮ǰ뿿ϺؼЩ⣬ȻؼҳܸûЯ˼Ϊ
Ȼұ㲻ˣˡ󴨶Ӷܣһ㶼ȥˡ
Цǵߡ
˼ͻȻͷӵĿǽܷǵҪôǶһˡ
һ𣿡ͷΪǲһˣҳ׵ʱĲ֪ļױϵû𣿻ҵļױôӺŪ˵Ķ֪𣿳׵ձڶ࣬Ҳ٣Ů˵ģͿ𣿡
ĻֱϣͲ˵Ϲˣɫѿ촽ǲʶһ㣬ǰкܶ಻ͬ
ǰ˭ĵ˭ôҲܻɵİϵ׵˰ɡϵı鿴ϲŭʵһˣҺղͷİɣ
˵˵ֱ̧Ҫȴͷ¡
̫СŮˡûһ˿¶ȣòҲհɣ
ϵıЩȴûش𡣵Խȴȥ󴨵ĳĬȷһ£󴨴գ
ս겻ʮ꣬ûѽ󴨵ħצ
ɫʱˣŽЦǵãĵճӣŮվĶȥ
ТŮɫ⻰˦ȥֵΪһһģܻĸо
ŭģ֪ʱվߣļƺڰοʵ㲻⡣
ü𣿡ЦδɹףԭȴûңҲ飬дΪա
һˣԷɡ
û£ȴڲϺҵ˵Ľ
ĵʱƺΪ𾪣һ·ҲڴԺƺͦ⡣
̧ͷȥ״⣬ôˣ
û¡ɲܽ룬󴨾ǸصȻУȻҲ䣬Ҳڴ˴ʲôǡ
ǽɺȥ˵ӵĴС͹ģﶯˣӽнʳҲս
ǿͳЦˡ
Ըнʳ̷սΪսһûϵ
յĻҲ֪ж굽Ҫοסˡ
ʱѾ˾£Խˬʵ޷Ȼʱûȫů¶ʵʵ䡣
ȥͼ˵뷨˵˰켾ЦʽʵĻ״ͷ
ĴָȻԡ
ʱҶ춼ҪаͷٴÿǺÿҲӷײ㣬ɻ˴̫ж㣬̫䡣
ĵ¾ȴƹ취ŪһѼëëŪ޷ԭϡ
ҪˣֻԸȥǡ䲼ׯΪϣƹʳ̣ƹǸм
ԸȥԼûʲôˡԺɹ̫Щ
ҽһˮ£ЦƺЩ˯
һͻȻ͵̧ͷ˵ʲô
һū˵Щ˯
ΪԼ˵Ļ˽죬ȴһԼˣˣòǡ
ң
һ±ƣôˣ
ĲţԴͼžžʼŪģº󻹻ϴѵ˻бˣ
ʮ
δ갡
Ϊʲôô
ңҼЩ£ôˣ
ɥҾҿܻˡ
ҶʱϲʤæϲҺϲҡ
ʲôùϲģ˵
Ϊʲôҿɲ֪ڲ뻳ӣʱŮ˿׾͸ûӣ֪Ŀա
ŭˡҳȥһš
аҡæ׷ȥү˵ˣ߲ûˡ
˵æϴʹɫѸٵĸ
һҲԸȥˣֻȥ˯һ
ɫѾ磬ãƼǰһˣǼ˭
뵽ԼѾСɣʱĿⶼǳˡ
ϵƣһתͷͶɷ񣬶ʱһ㶣ôˣﲻ
šƵĵͷ
ʱ󾪣첽˴ǰǵĴﲻھͽдȥ
˵㼱æȥһסû
㲻˵üͷ΢ĿϣŮǸ
üʱӦû衣
𾪵ķǰձգû¸ȷˡ
˵ĺͿˣһʱѡ
ͻȻջ𣬡³ˡ
Щ¡
ѽҪгݵ˯һˣ
ˣ¶ԼĳȽԼСӵȷ֣ɲûŪͷλеģ
벻ףֵȻȻúúŵġ
ˡ
ܿ췴Ӧǣס
˻ǲٺ˵ġ
ԴźΣ뵽֮ǰﻹӣʱ˵˽ʿ˵ڲŹȥû쾹Ȼͻˡ
Ҫˣ
ͻȻָָͷҲãˣ괺ʱӶ߰˸ˣǰ·ȥӦò¡
գڻӡҲʮ
סСİѾڶˣҲܲҪ˶ԲԣŮӶ̥зյģһֳûʱǾ˳ȻȻѾˣҲҪǲǣ
˵ǣҲ˵ĻʵֻΪѵͬ˵
ֻԾɲܽи£ǻСأܺžžѾԼĵߣھȻð
ܲˣʱ룬ԲĶӣ˶һ۸ȷˡ
ⷹǻеĸˡ
군ˡ
촽ȥ򡣡
ʱ󾪣ãԼȥ
ȥϵı鲻ݾܾһ˳Ҳġ
ɫջǵͷаȡ
˯ʱ򽪾ûԴ󷢣ҲûǰԴͷһž֮һ
ڽԱߣÿ֪彩ӲĲУѰʱ϶Ȥ䣬ֻȫûдȤͷˡ
ɣĻǻġ
һҹ˯Ĳȣڶʱ۵׶˺Ȧ
ұȥ
գգ۵ҾûԼȥ㲻ٸˣٵĴ̫ˡ
ҲȥԺҲ
ɫڼҵҡ
˶˭Ҳ˭Ȼû˵Է
Լȥ
ռڼҵ㡣
ңҲԼһ˳ȥģԱ˰Ǽš
Դ֪лͦĵģȥתת𣿡
ûתתһҩ̣ʱҩﶼĴ򣬽ȥ˻ӱֵˡ
ɽӵĴЦǺǵ̫̫ﲻ
û˵˹ȥҰѰҾҿˡ
ŶЦЦְһִһź룬ûһüͷ԰
ȣʲôԣ
ۣ̫̫念δС
ɴ۾пҪַ죬ģ
ͷӴӲ϶˵ϲ󲻿
ʣΪʱ˯
ϵıЩ΢ҽ߸ĸĵ̬ȣϴʱ˾ƣۣԡ
ৣƤˡ
ֻ֪е˯˵˯ʱϱˣû뵽⡣
ҲԣͽʱڣºֶǼãȴǲ֪¶ġ
ҷǣҲӳأӴ֮һ׼ʱ
ЦЦҲƳٵ𣬾ũµظɻ˳ԵҲͶ𡣡
΢壬û뵽ȻôһЦʱЦãл򡣡

ǮһľȻĳҵæΧĵΣ
ҧгݵȥ˵
̫ˡ
˭ô뵽˯ȻΪ̫ƵⰡ
˵žžˬٱ
ŵʱôͼ˵¶ʵ̫ˡ
žͼԺʯǰ㶣ϲûзҳ
վʵΣ
ľԣƵļԽĽţʲôף
ҡҡͷ̾˿
Ķˣʲô
ûСЩݡ
üͷĺ˼Ȼɫ˵ǣΪ׼ˣΪܵס
˵ס֣ţϵ¶ȴЩ飬е㻵
Ī£ʲôǶܳܣǲǡʲô⣿
ʵļѣ˵⻰ֵǵĿŽð˺
ҡҡͷ̲סЦûУ˵ûС
ûûУʱͣǡǡΪ˯
Цˡ
̫ôˡ


 43 

, ȴھ⣬ֵ, ٻƣܸԵɣȻԵ޹˯ֱ÷ˡ
վŲ, ĵĿ֪
ɫȻ, ȻΪȻ, ӡ
ðɡݽŹȻ˵
ȻҪˣĿڵʱЩݡôҲǵһԭòá߶öˡ
ţ
һ, , ˵Ϊ¹ƵϢңƳ٣󡣡
, ˯
ÿֵôܲ𣿡ֱӺˡ
֪, ľͺˣԭԭԵɡ
͸, ȫȥƽ۾⽪, Ҳβǡ
ֻʢ, տ˻˲֪Ҳпԭɡ
ȣ㰲οԼȴĲ񻰣ǡǸ, ҡ
̲סЦ˳ˣЩˣȻûоͺá
˵ʧ仹ǿģһϡ
붼ˡһһ滳ô졣
ҷˣϾ¶ŮˣҲŮˣȷûкõĽȥ
οһƼֱӲҪô졣ûӿԴӴǹһϱû˾ûˣٹŰϽҲҪӡ
˵˺ˣԼ࣬Һúö飬һ뵱̫̫ء
¶Ц⣬ãġ
ҲɶӶܿ״ԪΪŴķɵ϶Ҳȥ
ϵʱȻûǽʳ֪ζЩͣżһӵסˣôҪ׾ͺˡ
ϧûС
ڼЪһձԺȥˣ˽ͭȥľ̿㿪ʼֶ˵оҲоŰƳ
ʷܾԶǹŴĻҪ̲ԶûкôͿζ
ȻҪȻҪرס˵Ŀζ
ֻ￪ӣ̫࣬ԧԼŹζҲ㹻ˡ
պϺףȻҲʱףҪ˳һλһΣȻöԲԼôĶ
ȥʱ򽪾æ׵İƽѡɿϸĵĳרŸסȻҪĲ軹Ȼûĵġ
º罥𣬵ȴûŽƳǳ˿еʱһһȳһٻ
ʱҹܻйӣһ˼ҲŻᵥһΧųԡǰֻæµ˼Ҳǵˣ˵ǳԹӾͲˡ
ҲǴһϺԸ뿪ɣǮ࣬ܳԵöǳԵĹӿɾƽԹóԵĹˡ
ĳԵСͨ죬ǶҲð˺飬źҧһ۶֭Ķ˶۾
ó԰һ׻֮裬Իףһ֮Ҳǡ⻹һǡ־ԸУԻСӵ־ԸҪУѧѺȥԻ
ںʳʱܱȡʳƷٵĹŴˡ
ֻҪƳȥ϶ܻӭ
ҪƳҺʵʱŴûпյͷǺģԱҪһµ˽ζŲȽϺůͺ͵ĳ˻
ԵĲҽңɶʱƳȥ
ЦÿУ
ǳСĴˣȻϲԵ⣬׬Ǯ¶۾ζãҸղųͶζĶǳóԣʱпζܼˣ϶
˿ʱ׼ţһ¾Ƴȥ
ﰦһʹӦˣȲ½Ƴȥ
СЩƹȥ
￴ֹЦĪģȻƳȥˣұƹȥǱӿֵȥ߻˵㡣
ʱüЦҪ±ģֹңСⱲӶᱳҪΥģ
Ŵ˾ãԣײģһľٴơ˵УΪ뿪ҵõĳ·
ʱһūıǩҪıǺѵģūڹٸĵȻ档
ǸˣƽͷϰҲһڽ̹ѡĺܡ
ƹǸ͵ˣȻٲȻӦƹȻҪ쵽⼸ʳ𱬣ֻ±Ǯ׬˲٣ȥһӲ⡣
һٷҳԵĶͦģ˯ʱתƣתͷΣʵתʲôء
ЩΣ˼ԵĶЩ
ԭǳԶˣ̲סЦԭҲпƲסԼʱ򡣡
šŶƤͷһγֹӡ
棬ԹĹӣ
ףͬһԹأֻζôá
ЦǵȻҸ˵ֹܾҲڶ
˵ԭ磬˽žǸȫ޷ĵطŮƽȣɷкܶʳŮ˿١
ⶼò˼ĵط
Ҹʳ˵űȥˮһŨ
תһϴ˯
ԴϴεĻ˱ûͬÿ̵̵࣬ҲࡣʱⱲӶҪžˣǿżؾֲҶ̲סˡ
ǱŲŲֹ˹ָ񱻻ǵѸٵĽ˻ȥ֡
ֻ֣ͷȴ߷飬̲סˣƿ굽ıžһ
˼ҲپᣬΪ
･ʱڽˣХʱƺһ¾ʳǰһշ˲˵֪ʳ͵ڶջϹ¶
ӲǳԹ˽ʳ̵ȴᵽ˺ζӿ϶ԵĲһ԰ɣ
õĵλү˵ˣǽҪôҪȻǶһ޶ζһвƷŻݡ
ʳͶʱЦˣնϰ
˴Էĺö඼ʳͣ佪ʳ̵ĳʳ඼ǱûеģȻʳ̸˵Ȼʧ
һսʳ̵ĺ쳣ķæ׵İƣиֲɫƣԼһЩʳĵԤҪһһ׵
ǳԵĻ㡣
ڶߣ˵ȫ£һʽصͭƹӰϲ
ʳζʳԵʲôЦӣóԡ
Իʱﻹ϶մŨĻζʳͿǳԵĻһʱҲ½йƱ˻
Цʵԧ컹оŹζģҪ֣
ʳЦʣôི
Ʊ㽫ֹ׸ʳͽһ飬ܵҲСͷҲˡ
ǰͷƺڳ֣ƹƹ񣬵߻пҴŶȥǱ׬һԸҹȥѡӸǱߵӣ
¶ƹһֱأȻ˵߸ʳ̿ɺãϾǽĴӪƹƱػţȥһȥ
ƹ񵱼˵СԸ⣬ṼСµ.̳ĳӴ󲿷ֶϸˣʱϳӴ³ֱӹȥС
ƹҷģ㾡ȥǡ˲ã˲ɣƹǴˣֻҪαá
ƹСձȹȥ˳д
ʳ̻һͻˮصסһҹ䶼֪˹ӵҲ֪˹ӵĺóԡڶյʱ˸ӱͷ˳С
һͷְϵôһŵʱ̫䣬Щʳͷ׷׳ޣϰȷǻ⡣
ϰǿǿڴǮķϣȻôġ
ˮ˳ҲһأĹҲ׷ǰǵسǵ˶֪ʳ̺пɽˡ
ˮؾ¥ʳ̸࣬Žʳ˻ѧϻֻԼҳƲõĹף̫׵ƹǶѪݡ
̫׵ƹԳӵҸӣ쿪ʼȥǼһʲôʱ巽ʲôʱ
ظƹģҿ϶䷽ĥ
ӲûȥԹƹĲΪ⣬հȥ˽ʳ̵˺
޳ӲûеٲɫȹʱӶʱ𾪣ôҲ̫ˣû̲㡣
ȲˣӼ˲ˣڶʱɴ۾ȷǺóԡ
ߣӴȫƹд
̫׵ĳȻʶ˱ЦӴ̫׵ĳӻԻˣ̫ûлɣ
ӶʱּͨƹĽˡ
ӹҲóԷԼķˣζ
ǿ˹Ц̫ûֱζİɣȻôܹѲ͵ʦģ
Ŀı˴Ӷʱָûе¶̫Ҳл
˵⻰ӵͷԻҲ˴ˡ
ҲΪ֪̫׵ĳӣʳʱһһжϸĵļֳʲô۶ӡ
Ȼע˵ģչգҲ˼ҵĹǡ
ֻɺų˼ҲԲϺպе׼Щ
˵¶ʱֻЦóƷ䷽ǾܳԾǣ߾ǿ𡣡
¶ģպϿԲ¸߰˰ˣǵܲµĳͷϺֲ֣ܶһطģһЩúؼҵ̶ӴӸӻģŪȫûôס
ȴǽЩãһ˵۶Ͳˡ
ǾͶעЩҲ˾СЦеϾпɽ˰ûƼԺüˣ
Ȼ֪ڳ¶ܵĲ࣬󲿷ʱڴǰͷ¶żȥ³ӡȥ¥ĸ䲢ڴš
ˣ˵õĻ˵ǲ鷳𡣡Ȼ˵˵ʱ򲢲ɾ衣
Ͼسǿôľ¥ûɽֻǹˮص¶˭֪˼ҵĿɽһˮصĶǸǵأ
ƳպƹҲػˣԽңǱиضμãҲĵطǼǮЩ󡣡
ӣ
ƹԭһ¥ֻϰ徭ӪǷծҪ֣ҪһǧӡǾ¥λس룬ƽҲ󣬶ͷҲȫϰҲ˵ˣֻҪͷҪˣ˶Եͼǡ
һǧӰ
Ȼʳ׬ǮǱǮҲ٣ҪĻҲǲԡ
ҸȥƣǺǾʱֱӿ¥Ǿ¥ƹˡԭ¥ǲҪġǻ䷽׳⡣
ƹʱЦ˵ĶԣСҲôΪ
ݰһǮϻӣҲˣ˻׬Ǯ
Ҫ˾Ҫɣ
ݾƼǮϻЦʵʲô£
²Ҫȥؿ¥ˡ
һ٣΢ƺҪ׬Ǯˣȴֻܿų׬ǮǮЩˣ
лҪ˵ʱˡ

 44 

ĸоת˲, 漴Ϊˣϲӡ
²ƻ˳, ֮ǰұӿȥʱȥ˸ҲŵĵطǰȥӦţҲܰġ
˼ж, һá
ڶյʱ򽪾ƹȥء
Ȼ, ȴδ, һֱˮءˮҪʱһŵ˵ʱѾ磬ƹʮ, ҲߵĹǺ, ңҵطһ٣
ͷҲãǾȥľ¥
ͷֵĽСƿ, ط̶ȱˮҪһЩ, ҲپŸ㡣
ֵŸɫ, ź֡
ƹǿǴ¥ǰľ¥, ֻϧϰ徭Ӫ, 㱻̩¥ȡ¥λúãǿ϶̩ܽ¥ȥ
Ӧһٺò
¥ѵǮ࣬ƱǮҲ, ǣΨһǵıصû˳»鷳
ƹ֪ĵֵү˴֪ȻϵƲУΪ߷ҲȥТֻҪ⿪ӵʱźؼһˡ
ףǱƹʱˡ
СĸġƹҪߵľ¥һЩȻҪȥˡ
ֻڱо²ɫ˳Ǯʣµ¶ܲòɡ
Ĺ۵һǮǻǿʺóԺúȵĹţǾ͵úúøɻļֵ׵ʱòָоͦˬϰѹեԱеļֵ
һ˵̩;¥лǰ˲˵ӣûЩƲˣȲɫʱ򽪾̵ֻǲ˿ȴЩǿ⡣
ǳԼʳԵϰˣٳطķʳܾȱЩζ
ȱȱǰһڱ¿Ҳϳˡ
ƹЦҿǾòóԣ
бһۣѵƹζã
ǵǡƹпСҲ˴ùʱ¥ķ˵ζȻСĽֶҵӳԹǱߵķ֮žǰԵĵ治УعͷٳЩζֻͬʣɫÿˡ
һͨʺƨýΪãҲδǵľ¥ӵĳġ
ȻԲ£Ҳǿ˾¥ֱǼҾ¥ȥˡ
Ǿ¥ԭ¥ռȴԶˮصҪĶࡣλسԶȷŵ̩;¥Ҫáֻʱ¥ȴܰǵ˾¥ǰʱҲٿʳ͡
˴ʳͣʱΣʳ²˵¥ķ˲֮Ļ
ؼǲ¥Ҳûտɳˡ
¥һᵼºԽԽĴһ˲ʵķˣʳ͵һԱܳԳ˱㲻ˡ
С֧־¥˶˼Ҳ࣬ⲻԴγΪԼ·
һȥõıɢĹڴûȥ¥ϡ
û˵ƹףϰġ
ףϰǴ˼Ķңõףϰ˵ʱˣλǡ
Ӵƹˡ
õĻδ˵ƼһͬװЦĹƹ֮кƹ񡣡
ԭ¥ƹ
ƹ񵽵׼˶࣬ƹԽϹϾ̬ȱ²ݣЦ񣬶˽ȥûϲ衣
ǶҳȥˣغܻܿλԵƬ̡ƹתתȥȥͦ˵ӣʵ֪λϰɴ㽫Щһ֣
üǴԼˣ
û˵ƹЩԼѾˣҲ˻뽫˶ˣƹȻҪı·
û˵ƹĸˣСԾ¥ڴ˴ƹȻţõүҲ죬ϰܽС£СĶΪҷ
˵ĻȻǫѷɻеĵȴβסƺڱصá
ƹ΢΢üȥ
ЦЦҪ
򵥴ֱǲҪ
ƹû뵽ᱻܾʱһ㶣ʲô
δ㿪ʼıĳ·ԭȵںεأľ¥ȴӪ⸱УҲ˼˵㱾²ʲô㡣үҲ죬ھȥ˼׽ԣ
˵ĺƹɫԽԽѿ
ˣװװˣһգҳ·Ҫ¹ˡ
ƹֱ˵ͼͷһֺˡװƺ¥Ķҡ
ףϰһƼǾһ½ƼһԵƹ񣬵Ӧѽǽϰɣףɽ
˿һףϰ˾ֱ˶¥һתͷƼƹɫЩãȥɡ
ƹԭ򽪾ϲÿףϰȥﲻһƹƹȥ裿
ƹվŲҡͷˡ
ƹȥ
ȴףϰ庮ûһƹʱֻԼȥˡ
ƹŹվؽ󣬽Цƹɣߵ黹պٲףϰ򽻵ġ
ӣƹҲǲ֪ô֮ˣȻףϰ̸¥
Щ֮ǰƹѾףϰ彲һҲΪý˽¥
ʵףϰֹֻۣǱˣ¥ⲻúǡ⣬뽫ҵͷˡ
ףϰЦҲƼˣ¥ҲһģҴػʱ¥Ͳˡ˵Щ¥ظ˵ڶû˸˵һֻôȥɢˡ
ݣгһ뿪ߺ߾¥ľӪ⡣˭֪Ĺƹ᲻ƹ
һ᲻һףϰ̻ҵȻ൫ǿɽҪСֻͬҪܹȡ˽ʿ˾ͻɵ
ʱ˶ԹٸȻĿ־СΨһ߻ʵԶʱίкϿˣҲ
˼ףϰЦʣ㵱治Ҫ
ҡͷҪ
ţһԾټ㣬Կһ£ǲԸҪʱãǱ˲Ը뿪罫˴ˡ
ûʲôִţƼһӣлףϰ壬ǲȻá
ףϰڰֵҲһʣֻǿϧˡǻҿ¾ͲƼˣŽϰʵһԡ
ǽܻᷢ⡣׵ĻȻҲ˵
ףϰߣ㵽ͷȥ
ǰͷǿˣͷԺȴû¥Ƽƹһʮ
˶ƺߣˡ
ƹ鱾Ͳã͹
ӵɴ۾һ仰Ҳ˵ʱ¥ȻҪգһղһȥÿӻȥȥĸ׵Ĳҩû䡣
ףϰɫЩãƹʰһ£¥Ъҵ
⻰˵ɣﻹǲᣬƹʱ󾪣ң
ףϰҡҡͷհɡĳг⣬¥ձûҪٿȥˡ
ףϰ˵ĿϵïЩȥЩʵĲߺһϯ͵ͷȥ
ïӦǰӳȥˣƹɫѿңǡ
ףϰš
˵⻰ףϰЦݴԺȥˡ
ǰͷ¥󣬵Ժȴһ䷿Ҳ᷿ͥԺȴխСһЩߣЩ䵹ǷƹסҲ㹻ˡ
ףϰƺû¥źЦŴǿ˿͵ôϰ⣿
ͦģͷԣܰ𣿡
ܡףϰҲʹˣЦдһǱȥŰ顣
ûоܾҲǸïмֱ£ǸбµģƾŷҺƹаҲԺܵء
ϾЩףϰֻ˶¥䣬˵ˮصӣףϰĽǱȥԹζǲ˵㻹Ū˹ӣڴ𣿡
ף
ףϰĽˣŽϰͲ󣬿ɱȴ˲ãʺ⡣
ǫǻհˡ
Ҫ£ⱾбҲϵûϵ߿ɽҪһطͷʵ̫ˡ
ףϰ˻ϰԵȣȥЩ顣
ͷȥʣµЩˡףϰƺǲ㽫˴ߵģƹ
Ȼûһͷ˿Ů˸£Ų裬ƹСĳȥһۡ
ͷȥߵǶơ
ͷ˲٣ûΪһ͡
ͻȻǱģӣϸһǼ
ֻǴ˿̼Ҳܲÿƺִ
վû뿴׷˺£ȴת˲䳯˹ȥ߼Ҳƿֻ˼վ
ջ𣬵ڵ¥˱˾¥˺ֱײ˽ǰȴַ˱仯ԭֵڵϰ˵
ǸӰƺ
վûǱ߼ȴΪ˵лһ̧ͷƼ˽վڲԶ
ϵһϲФص֮¶л
˵Ų찮»شֿ첽˽ǰϲɫǹӵģ
ӦһĿϣóӸһʵ𣿡
ҡͷۡ
ȥҩ˵ļҶǼ׵˰͵ȥ
Ǳ찮˹ϵܣλǣ
ЦµӽӣλļҶҡ
Ӣ۾ϷݵĹﳯ΢΢ף˳ۡ
찮¿ʮߣһüһò
ûÿɣʾ
лФճ֮ò֪ФںδպñԵŵл
찮ϹŵЦ⣬ǵСŮʿ˵̽ףСһ׮⡣˵۽֮ЦҲλ̫̫Ҳüλӡ
оԻǿһ
Ա߹һ֣찮µǸˡ
찮ӦһǸ𣬡ˣԵٻᡣ
΢΢Ŀ뿪
찮һ㵹ͷĺϣյץץͷΪӢ۾û뵽ȵ˶ˣ
һԵѾ߿ǹճֻƲ찮һϴ˷ܣǸС㳤ĺܺÿ
һԵѾ߶ʱĿ¶֣ǹĪϲŮˣ
Ǳ߽ż˾¥ףϰմ˱ƼˣϵˣҲûʱȥԺҩ˸ҩ
֪ղǼ˭
εڲ֪ͨɡ
Ҳв²⣬ֻͷףϰڸǰ˵ˡ
û˵Ҳûʣ᲻ҵء
һȶˣʱʱҲûã֪кؼҳҶ֣Ϊ⵨Ǳ߲ܣҲûǹʣµĿܿ¾ǼԺˡ
ϾԺвòᱻĽʺޣǲ֪ĸˡ


 45 

緹Ǹгïĳð, ʿɿڣǸսʱʳͲϵĴྶͥ
̲סһֱķʳ¥Ҳɣ
, ʱʱҲһۣһǧӵļ۸˵ʵˣõʱּۻۡ
ףϰοЦ, һ, һҲڴ˵, ⾰ʧǷЩӣֻʹ
ףϰ£Ҳһ, ףϰƱյ, ˻Ҳףϰˡ
ףϰֵǺƵЦ⣬ãҴȥظǣǼӸϿȥףҡ
áӦ, ʶһ˶һ·, ˵кĿܣȶ, ұȥǿһ¥ʱܻҪףϰæ
ףϰʱĿ¶, 漴Ȼ, ⸾ͲҲʮ꣬ɱȴˮصӿɫ¥, ˵ȥǿ⻰Ҳд
ףϰЦϰģףĳ߾ȫæ
̸м˵һٷԵı
󽪾ֵöлϰټĳӲǡ
ҲǼ˲ʧĸײزԸ֮飬ܰһѾͰһѣοյȷףϰ˵Ŷͷï
ڼïͷţ¥类ףϰĹܼҸˣڴδȥͲ֪ˡ
ףϰ忴Ҹ¶ң㻹ڴ˵ذɡ
ïҲĸ׵ĲҪߣïȴܸ棬½ʵʵͷ
ףϰ彫˳ֱӵݸұ㽻ˣֻܹõƴ
ΪβïҲĿʳģ佪ʳ̶䷽ǲ½Ҳҷóï
ųï˽Ҳ֪ܱ
ï˲ɵ¥ΨõףϰչˣԭȻά¥漴ͷңСĳïĻ
ˣЦɣûôأֻҪ̤ʵϸɾͿԡĺպһҾ¥Ҳǲԡ
ףϰĿ¶ȻïȴȣһƹЦǺǵԭׯ߾¥ˮĹ±ǵĳӡ
ʱ¾̵Уƹһ㶼ǾϸѡʤεģӴʱ䶼ںܹӴǰͷ١ƹ˵ʱïǾȵġ
ͬʱԼΣ¥Ĺ£ֻ˳Ĺ£Ҳܺùࡣ
ûж٣ֻƹջӵĻвͬȥˮظѧϰЩӡ
ƹӦˣǶԽ塣
˺˲裬ףϰȥŻ飬һ׼ƱףϰҲˡ
͵ƹһףϰҲҪ뿪˵صģԾ¥Ķ˽
ٱʱֿ룬пУףϰ岻ȥʳţ
ףϰЦЦȻǱգ
ϲʹ˴򽻵Ӧˣƹߺףϰ廹гïѯ˻ԴĹ뼾˾¥
˳ȥãƾźؼ˵ӵõĽӴἰ֮ǰļˣ̾¶Ҳò֣Ϊµˡ
΢΢üǿ֪Է˭
⵹ǿ˵ҡ
ң
ϵˣתͷȥȴɫѿȻʶˡ
˳ʣ˭ңغ
ڵԺȻϣԺȴٰƷǸѧѡĵطֻǾ˵ľӪԺ粻ǰΩܽʱͷѧӣܱ߼ͷ˼Ҷ붼ͽȥ
󡣡˵꿴㲻ǵã޸ҵ󹦲û
ʱ̲סȣԭֵģ
ɫѱ棬׵ࡣ
Ȼ˰ʣҵʲôã
üضصĴ󻧣ھǹٰƷְغаԵǵӵܳ谮Խ֪֮ɵģҲܽΣ˵صὫ׷ǸǵĹԱǿҲΪǵҡ
ƷپȻˡ
ƺɻ󣬽͵ȵطԱҪ㣬طԱƽҲְֻƷ٣ҲǵطԱظȼԱ󼰵ġҪٲֻҪڵطҪͨĿˣ㡣һң˭֪λ»᲻
գգЩˣҲ˵ε˰װˣ
ô졣
ü˵ЦЦʵû¡
ǶˣЦʱ򳶶ȥͦ
ͻȻִһ£𣿡
һۡ
㲻ҾͲˣ㱨ء
ȥֵ
ȻԭⲻĻȥˡеͷߺ޲ΣȻ˰㣬Ҳȥˡ
εʱǴȥض˻ɡ
Ǿ͹Щٴ򡣡ʲôܳԿֵٹ¾͹꣬ʱҳԾƺѰʱ֡
ҧгݵ˵ȴ˵㡭
ϹЦͷá
ƺӦΪԼΪֽˡ
һôʲô
۾ĶҪˮˣֻҪ㿪ıá
ģˡ
һŤͷȥˣ߯ˡ
ȴɣʱһȥ
šǿˡ
ȡһǮΪЩ׬ӣպá
Ҳܲ׬ӣţÿպҲôԡ
˻ؼҺ¸ҩû¶
ףϰԼڽд³˶ٹӣȥ
æǱ߾¥¶ˮس˻ëѪиҲڽҲѾŨζˣĵձ廨⣬ܺ
ںڶϲڱҲƾõʷǴҳ˶⡣ʳ̵Ĳ˵ȴǳ廨⻹ŹǡϽ϶صĽĲɫڸкɫʳָ󶯡
вԹ뻻ζЩѡ
ûʲôȳһȺķ˸˿ĵˡʳΪ
￴ŽģǱָ˼գƹ֮󽪾Ͳȥˡ
J䣬ˮȥׯǴѼëëĽȡȥʱһ·룬Цɩ˵޷һȴԡ
޷·ᱡϸûǵġʱɲȫůĺֻܽ޷·ͷȥ
ֻ޻ѡ˿ϸƳɵĲҲܱżܳë
ĸ˼аͷĺѴһԷǳٴͷĴҲԵӷףҪķǳů
·⣬ǵ·ŵȥ
á߹ĺܿģ˸Լɩ·ʱͻ·Ӻ͸ƿʽˡ·Сǳģ۾Ź⡣
ԴЦԼҲһϡ
ʱѼëë֮ǰ׾·ȥЩֵǮˣ׼ƹ˵һһЩŲǡ
ҡҡͷȸһԼġ
ѰʱͰȥͷ̼赹Ҳ䣬֪ȰСҲȸԼˡ
˺Ժȥƹ˵¶ӡ
ʱ磬ȴХˡ
ƹͳӹĵЩȥɫ˵Ҫѩˡ
Цȥɡûʲô˾Щš
ׯʵ뿿˳£ſʽʣֺãǲׯĲˮͷ˼ȻЩ̫̫ǲŵģһЩҲûӰ졣ٺԺеǲӰ졣
ׯ⽪ô⣬Ҳû׼˳꼾ϿҪߵģʱҪҸʵĻử·˲ûôס
ˣóԶٺõˡ
ʱ˴ѩëĴѩؼһƬףǰͷַǳЩļʵס
ԭҪصģȴƾˣֳɵģ֮ǰΪ岻ǿ׳Ը߶һ
ðɣ˵ˡ
ֻȥҲôȫǲСĸȥ·ӭ
ϵʱ򽪾㣬˺㣬ȼʱůůͺ͵ĳһˡ
ֱڣȥ˵Żŷѩ·壬մ͡
Ƽһ£˴ˣ
ЦЦº͵·ϵһӡ
ҲڼҾھ¥ڵķˣĸȥͷȥ
ϵѩȽȥѡ
Ӧæ̧ˮȥϴ跿̼ȺĲ䣬ˮ̧ȥڿиӵů
Ҵҵϴ軻ϸɾ·ͷϰɽִϺñӲųȥˡ
ϰɢζʳָ󶯡
ͷЦЦ󡣡
ñ˳ԲСñڰɽͷЩ
ʱ˺ü̼裬㽫ñȡͷ̫䣬ˡ
šɽӹãͷĲˣ˲³Է
ԽԽˣҪסԺȥʵ
еĿһ٣˫̧ϣβŵ
̫ˡҽģÿʱѩ·ϲߣԺҲסģסǱߣѮݵʱٻ
áƺЩӲ˲١
컹Ȱȴһˡ
Ǿأұ˸װһҲůһЩǲӦͱסˡ
ƺҲˣЩͻȻɢˣΪˣԲȥסԺȥŵˡ
˫΢΢¶һĨЦá
ڶռҹװ뵽ҪȥǸϿֱӸȥװҪҪ·ϻðȫ
˵ϽеĺͷֻۣѰŴЩͷȴǬ쳣
ëձֲζܲʵ̫٣ǿŽõʵǲ
˴ϣͷ˵ƿ˹ȥ
ͼ뽪ͽ·ϣߵķɿ콪һСܸţϵķһһı໬ˡ
ҪǽϵĻĵЦ⣬Ի󲻽⡣
ϳ˽תͷԽ˵˾ʲô󴨱Цˣչʵҽͷ
̽ͶЦͷʧˡ
һ£յĿ˹ͱģתߣû뼾̸˼


 46 

Խյ, ̲סҡҡͷЦ⺢ӡ
ɲǺ, ʮ꣬ѾʮǸˡ
Ȼƺýղ, Ųһͣת˻ƿӾͽˡ
ںůҲܿ, ڿŵĵطһ̼̼, ͷůմһͦζģ㶼û˵Ūһĺ
ȥ磿, ˸ÿԺ, ǲǲ
ǲҲ˽յļ֮ġٿǹ˵⻰ģʵ̫թˡ
ĵȻҪܶǮ㻨ˡ
ζѬ, ʧЦ, Ȼº͵֪Ͻܲ
һȭƺ޻, ˼ѹûоʱա
ûһԺ, , Ҫһȥ
һ齪յˣ˵һˡ
ĶӵıӰЦһǰġ
һЩˤŤͶ, ˵ԡ
ݻСˡ
ҡͷȴЩɻյʲô֮ǰǽûɫĽ󴨶̬ȡ
̵ܶȴйͬ㣬ΪҪôǽ˽󴨵ߣҪôǽܸ󴨴ô
ֻǸСζǿܴܺؼҡ
뵽֮ǰոźؼ̶ȥǵ¶ѵ׬Ǯˣ
ҵòֻ֣ܻȥ뽪˵˵ˡ££ϵ̧Ժ
֡
üͷ΢΢һͷƼˡ
Ժ涨˶鲻ôˣԲǼ͵ſڱͷˡ˵˸ǰ䵭Ĵк֡
šĿϣЦ˿ں˰
΢΢ףǡ
˵̤ѩͷȥˣ̾˿켾ֿҪμˣ
ûзϣҲҪμˡǵʱһ𣿡
ûӦҲûջдʱ䣬ȵʱ٣Ժȥ˶ܹһȥ
ҲáķŨüۣ͸һʵϵĸо֪ʲôСˣĻᱻźɱΡ
뵱ΪĻŸȥȻ󱻽ɵģ
Ȼңɺ֮£ôܻɵɵû
һۣǲǶʲô᣿
ɫ䣬Ϊ
ʵȴ̲סЦôȱ£ѵҪЦӭ
ʧЦҡͷûУǾüִûǰǰ׺ˡ
˵ǰƺ˻䣬뵱ǹϵôУȴ뻹ᡣ֮ǰ뼾ֽͽС֮£Ҳµ޹ˡ
ȥֺαһἰǵѧҵΪأΪ׼ǣĶṇ̀⡣
˵ֵ»Ҫȥҷӣʧ㡣
˵꼾ֱͦݵȥˣվԭȥıӰ΢΢ۡ
˼ѧԺӰȻǰɷӻǲҾ常ϢԺһ뾩ϵģǷȴǡǡǵĶʦԼĺ񰮡
󺩺мŭнŲʱָֻ糣תȥ˴кˡ
ǲţ˭֪պмܹо٣һонʿǾͬ꣬պΪҲҪ
Ȼ⣬ĲɻǶҲõʦϰ
һǼãñŮˣŮǸʿһμ¾ûôˡ
ô˳˽̸ʱԷ˿롣
Ժ鲻һһϦ飬ҲóǸ²ưոݣѾ˾ʱʹ»ǵıϼİȫ
һμ¹ȥҲûãֻҪӻˣҲʱٶ֡Ȼ϶ưոݡ
ǾùӶڣԣЩǿ׳ļҶʦһЩӵֶΡ
ǮȻ࣬򼸸˺ʦûġ
֮ǰСԺΪ³ȥѾãȥǿ׳˻סСԺʦÿս̵ǡ
δ¸֪˽ġ
ʮһµʱǱߵľ¥Ҳ׼Ҫˡ
ǰһչȥȺڶտš
¥ֱ֣ԭĻϸĳ¥װѣտҵʱˡ
üҲδĿֻҪ˾ٱһǾүֵģǾүϱġ˽ʿǸ˲ã¥ӻ𱬣ǰûԹĶҪմմϲ
ʱվſ¿ЦĿģƺ˶ĽԪģ
ңͷ䣬ԺСרŸʰһ䷿ȥϢǷСĸţʲôʱʲôʱƹӾ¥ͷЦŵ
Ӧһ»Ǻġ
¥ڸ·ڣҲ˵涼ţȿҵʱ򲻹߶ܿ¥ˡ
ͷȷ䣬˾¥Ĵ˹䣬ָĶĵطֻΰʸ޵ˣȥ಻٣ǽǸˢˢˣֻΪŶЩ͸硣
ƹնҵķԸհҹǾ¥ñǽǴ̼裬֤¶ȡ
Ҫעûȫʣ߳ӿɶӦˣ
ƹصӦüˣïȷ츳˵ûʲôˡ
ǾͺáȥɣϳԹӡƹȥ˺ԺַԸðȥӷֱӽ˽߱ǡ
ǡƹӦ˳ȥȥ鿴ɫ׼
ƺ˻ǽ˿տҵ᲻û⡣

ջ±⣬ζʱ
سѰտ᲻óȥ¥ţСʲ˱ûôˡ
ʱ¥Ļǳȥ֪¥¿ҵ¶ϳʲô
ţҴͷңǱߴ˵һͷ͹ү
ʵⰡʱ£ǾŵѪ֮ģȥ׼
ЦӦ˽ˮ¸ˮȺˮůůͣūͺ˵ȥ
ǰõģҪõĲɫҲ׼õġ
Ŷ䣬ܳԵҲ٣޷ǲˡײ˻жѿƤ֮Ķ˿δ֣һЩҲ͹Լԣõǲġ
ͷڵʱˣͷȴǽա
һƼԭŵʱɵ㡣
СϺͰףȴǳڽԴ£Ľֱӵ
εʲôңѵҪģұȥԺſڵˣ
հ̧ͷ˭ϡҽ
磬ЦЦƺŵ˻ζ
ӵ顣ȷ׼˻
ȫˣ˱㽫ҪõþߺͲɫȫˣֻԭΪֻ˳Բû׼̫࣬ŽˣٲЩ
ֱӵˣҪoҪһЩšǡ
ǡͲ˵ĳһһӦ˲ʱ͸˹
һӵĲ˵ҲĳԲˣСһˣʣ¹Ҳʣ˶١
ڷûʳԵĹأʽôˡ
պߺ¡
Ļ˰ɡĴ
պһͷӡŲأֻǽʳ㿪ӣ͸ĹעǱݵģʳҲ˵𱬵Ļ
Ӳٴ˼ҶУѾϣľ¥Ҳûо׽ʳЩϣΡ
ʳⷽ汣ܹ
ձ߿бߵĳӣǸ
˼ҽ˵ŪӰɡ
һСĵ㡣
¶֪ˣԷʱͷǳֵ̿ĸ˵ˣԷŵĻͦ˵³֮Է潫ȥ¥⡣
ﲻɵڽ߲ˡοϸᣬҲãɵ˲뿪ء
ԴҲ⣬ںżʣʱˣֻ￴óˣغ÷Ӳǡ
ɽ¶ǾůģǸĽĺúӰ
⻰̲ס񺮣첲Ͳͣǡ
˵䣬һֱü˺ӾͲġһ־ü㶼ͦģֺܰ䡣
ҲúЩڽôˣ
ɡ˵еõķչ
˵⻰Ŀۼ׹ǲ˵翴¶ˡ
գգ۾˵ˣСƺͦģʰ˽󴨣Ǿ͵Լ˵ǡ
ﲻˣֻ֮˸ʰһ䷿
ҹѩһ
ڶˣȴĻѩʱǰͷ
Ķæˮźϴ˳˵ǰͷ顣
ܶĽĵųԹӣһҪ磬ʱͲˣûӣֻܴľͰѹӰˡ˷ܣū澻ȥǰͷƳۣ˲٣Ϊ˿ڳԵǲ䰡
˵ȻԽԽã¥ûٽģܶ¥ǽӽʱţֻźšпԸһԻΪĵȻʳͰһˡ
ЦܳԻٳԣԸ⣿
Ը⡣ҶʱЦ˵Ǿ¥Ļá
ϣȻ
˵ϴֵȰҸͷʵ𣿡
ضңһŹүˡҸ˷٣ʣūŹ
ź󽪾ŰȥǰͷۣȻ˺ܶࡣ
Ȼˣ¶ȺܵͣЩʳʱѾŲ϶飬òھ¥ǰȺ
״˾¥ñУ߿佱ζõ
ңôˣƹԭкˣһ۾Ƽˣæһ
Цõ˵˺ٿʼ𣿡
ƹڨЦⲻǴ̫𡣡
Ҳô⣬ȥͷĺˣʳͽȫۡ
ƹ񵱼ִǶ˵ˣвɫۡ
һغԺˡûʲô齪ҲⰭˣŰұȥ˺Ժ
ھ¥ſһӿĿǼҵľ¥
ӣǼӿġһԵ΢΢شǲмǼ˵˾ǸģûȢ͵ĹĿӣ˵Ͽ·ʶòء
˵ͼҹһԣʱЩսսĿӵӡ
ɫ۾õĵһۣתߡ
֪գôҲ˼ڵã˳ȫˡ


 47 

ش˼, 𱬣ƹҲľ࣬Ҫˮˡ
عȻ, ˮסϰˣûºˮء
ˣȻҲŻ, ¶·ϸԶһЩÿҲҪֻ
һתӾͽ, սʳ̺¥, ŵıһ룬ȥ˺ؼҡ
ԴӹæµѰؼҵʱҲ, ʱ뽪˵
ϴ·ǽϲׯƷƵĿʽ, ֺÿ
ڿǵõϵϿɣһ˵ٲֿֿ䡣
Цǻǻ¹
, , ĸԸسǸסѰȥı, ʱҪȥġ
ҲáЦֱ, ʱǹǰףһ¡
һʱ򲻶ࣿڴֺȫûʲôӡ, ƺˡ
ϵͷͷ̣ڼҴסȥû, Ż˵Ҫˡ
ڴȻģݴСʹ󣬼Ȱ˵Ҳ¡
ҺҲ˵ж־ķԸȥͳȥɡ
Ժһ߼мżһˣҲ뿪ˡ
ϲЦǸС˾ơ
С˾ˣ΢΢üС˾ӡǲˡ
㲻ǵҲС˾˸ף˵ʲôϳףǮܳȥˣһ࣬ʱһŮӳף游ΪܰˣˡΣôҲʱһˣűңҲˣ֪ز
Ҳ֪˵ʲôˣ˵ؼѣ
ƫƫѵһȻҲΪ󴨺ϵ󻹸Ų˵ط
綼Ҫˣ˵С˾Ҳܻءο
ϲЦЦ˭֪ء
ںؼŽų˺ؼҡ
ͷɫѹ˴ƺҪѩ˽ϵ԰ҵȥӷʱ˴ѡ
Ӧһϳ¾Զ
ˣ
ϷԾһĺ£ɧֻƺһצӣѪӡˡ
ƿ֣һƼˣôˣ
ûô۾ҿèһצӡ
Ӿ֪èˡ
ϷʵֻҰèɣ
ǡˣڰֵ㲻Ҫȥؼ˵ŵĽȥˡ
̲סЦһˣ
ӸշǱִ죬һŮӴʳǺؼˣ
ͷ·ô˵ġ
¹ƺûƼſڵֱȥ˺ؼҴſڣ溰ϣҳ
ĳҪ߾ͱͣ£ʱЦæ֡
ϣȻҲˡ
С˲ƢǲСЩϤÿӿȥ
ҲǴɣСﺰ˰ͻȻſͣתͷ뽪Ŀײһ۾ʱһ
С㡭
üȻǵհε˼ĹֻСô£
ãҽ찮£Ե֣ˡС˸߲ңһ˫۾ĸϵǵġ
Цĵ
ˡ찮¾ȵĪңǣ𣿡
֣ͷҪҪ˵ұ֣ؼҡ
ǿԵˡ찮ԼæɬһЦ²ôŽ㣬ͲȥˣһҪȥҺعء
㽿̬ԽϲǸĿɰ
ЦЦָָ棬ϳˡ
ɵǺͷϡ
찮¸©ȥҺϣͲƼˣʱϳˮģĸã찮Һϸ硣
̲סȥƺϣʱϺһƬĿĸˣ۾ֱӶ˼ˡ
ϣƼ찮µʱǰһܺæס찮µֵùЩȥůů͡
ƼδߣЩʱߣ
ϾʱƮ˹ѾŰѽ
йϿɳԣΪҪߣ
ںϵľ棿
ȹӵ˽ǰգգۿϣ磬۾ҪҪҴƣ
ϵ۾ʱɴ󣬡㡢㣡
ϡ찮ߴĿ
϶ʱһ񺮣ɡ
Цֻòһôʲô
ϵȴˡ
Ƚȥ˵ɣͷ䡣ȴܸˣҲʮˣ͵˸Ȣ޵ͣ˵δȳףǱô˭֪ȴйˣŻ
ϵһĶʱͻ찮µĿԽԽ˳ۣҲԽԽᡣ
ٲȻŶϱһˡ
ǽͺһЦеĿź˵찮˵ӵĺߺһѰ
սʣ֣˵˵զʶģ
ϵֺˣһ۵͡żʶġ
ɶϵİԣû¶Ҳð
Ϻߺʶ
Ŀֻʶܺϸ纰ôȣϣѽ
ֻʱķۣٿǿ£Ѿ찮ȵ˵Ļˡ
èȷСҰè̲סЦҿҪϲˡ
ֱӲˡ
֣Ҳٶȥ찮Ȼ׷׷ſˣȴ˼ȥ˱վĸȹ
Ĳᣬ⻹úþء
û취찮²ˮصˣġ
⻰̲ס찮£ȴû˵
찮Щʧ䣬Ž뿪
ǰͷ찮ºͺں档
̲ס˵𣿡
ȵС˵ͦðһÿء
ֲǲ֪̲סͷۺϣЩֵ˹ϲѽ
һͣһ˹ϲأ
ϾС￴ʱ˫۷Ź⣬ɲͰףһۿİ˿ɲע
ϵı飬ȻǲչյġҪο䣬ЦҲã϶ĵطллأһСϲˡ

Īͬһºô졣
Ȼһͺ޲ջ⻰ͷûҲû컣ϱߵ㾹ȻֻΪҵ׷ģ
찮ˣʱЩ£ҪҪȻأ
ϸӱߣôӢٷ磬ŻˣȻҵŵ㣬ֻҵ
ɵСӣбŵ𣿡ϼȻ˹𣬶ʱˣعšĶ䣬İɡ
ϣ׶𣿡
ǣˮģȥɡԾֺϲڸǰģȺǰھ
С¶õĹ㶼Ǹӣ㻹֪ô㶼ſˡ
ȥ찮£Ȼ찮ۿﶼˣ￩һ£ѵİˣ
Ҫ찮µǸȻͼ찮ϵֿ޵ĸҿã̫жˡ
ϣ

ﾹȻǸж޵ġ
žǲ˿ͷûнβЦĸоľС
εջֵҲ˼
֪찮ӣ֪ϸ粻ĵġ
ϲҿ㣬Ϲ˵
Ŷ찮ЦҲˡ
շ磬̾ΪֹϷĳƺžҪ˶ˡ
СŲ˷ô졣
ͷ찮ºĵ𣬺˵ʲô˵ֻ찮
ԶӴҴҶƼ찮æôˣūң̫̫үˡ
찮ûڰֵС㣬İ档
ϲСڵϽʳ̺Ժסĵط
ѽǽӣͷĹóԣȥ㡣찮˵ֱԱӵ߶߶
ЦǸùѽ
ȷҲΪ⡣
ϺҲҲɣһ㡢㡣
ϷʵĿȻҡͷඡ
˵ϸǣĸȥɣͷ䡣
ϵ̹ſɵĺɫЦֹһ
ԶȥʣӺͶҲ࣬ܳΪء
š찮¶ĳƺС㡣
˺С𣿻صʱɫѾ磬ˡվſûͼվɵĽ߼ôȥͷ䡣
˵ݸСˣִӺŽ˺Ժ
ڵ˺ü̼ź⣬ҵ䣬ʺϳԻԻ
һʱæԼпгԻʱǲࡣ
Լ˦ƹ񣬷ԱԣƳǵԼ˶ٶٵĻˡ
ûֻЩˡ
Ҫ⡣
ɡҡͷЩ˶Щ
Ʋ죬
šкЦҾһػ
Ӧǡ
ȳϻʱԼۣ뼾ԻԵĻ
ʣձ㲻ȥԺˣ
ȥˡ˲ˣ̧ͷԺӿʲôţ
ϴ˵ŵ¶ʱҡͷûţ˾ĸ˵ֹʱһȥؼҳϯ
ףá
֮ζŨ찮֮ǰ˵ҪһֱʮҲûƼˡ
ԾɶԺϺ찮֮¸ȤκκҲˣȥһκؼҲûˣϣҲ֪
ӹ¶ʮżϢʱһŲɹ
ԵĴõģһӦȫصҲ˵ؼҵϢ¶ʮȥؼҳϯֺݻˡ


 48 

¶ʮ, һѩͼŵʱһͷ¶ְԴ˻
Цô, ڴӦˣ
һ۶󷭳ᱡ޷ǼɫӸϡ
á˫Ŀˮ, Ľֱ򺮲ô, ɫǡ
ε, Ϊлϲ̲ס
ͷ޷ͷ˼磬³, ͷҺͼҲȥؼҵƷʰ׵, һ˱ųؼȥˡ
Ŵѩ䣬˲࣬żҲɫҴңȷѰ
ĺôǽʳ̵Ļӻ, صĻҲǺܿ·
, ʳͲԸţƹһרų, רŸ͵͵ȥ
һĶǼǮģһ, ڼҵűܳζֺõĹӡȳ˽ͻȥ
˿ӷ, żס
ΪΣ
ò绨, Ƕȷӿɿġ
Ĺ֣ʧʧ
ԴԺ˼٣뽪ԣѸ¡ҹʱ˵ǵ¶ռԼ飬еĴһС
ôջȥӾպʣ
ʮɣʮЪҵʮٿҵúùꡣ
áûʲôϾӵ𱬣ٿһ׬һյӡ
˵ںؼǰͣ£˺ؼԺȴһͨѵ֮
ɻ󣬡ôˣ
Ļڿ죬ؼҵҲϵ·ԱүλүȢޣү˵ȢޣȻһһСˡ
Ȼ游Ѿʮ꣬ںеĸյүүȴǿԵ游ˡڸǰӺϲʮߣɺѾʮͷѾǴꡣݳ겻ڼңò׻һˣүɲżˡ
ʵ׺ү뷨ǾȢ޾ܰˣϾ˵˶ǺСˣܹһô꣬޶
ݼһرʱźүӽ˨ס
Ȼݲˣүɲˡ
Ц̫үӺء
šԽԽ˿ѵʮ㣬嶨Ȼǲˡ
˵˺ԺͼݹʯϣүʯϣָͷںݴϣȢȢ
촽һԡ
ϴŸӳϣҵĸ磬Ȣ˵£϶
̧ͷȢ
ҡһСءϽͰ͵˵ȴˡ
һһ۵ʮˣʮߵʱҶˡ
𾪣ˣ˵ʮ𣬴ô˵ʮߵʱ͵ˣ
ӡӴżëӣҲȣˣʮжʮһģ
ƾë£Ŀźү游Ҳ׵ʱҲʮˡ
үͷ۷裬ûװΣƳˡ
үӶʱ˼װˣʱֵˣݣͷ䡣
ҲȢȢϱˣͽ޽ȥˡ
үһŲݱվɫĸںү޵ͷǴк
źۼԣüѯʡ
Ŵָͦġ
񣿡ʱʱΣķԼͺݶԱһ
ȻɳܵķֶԷƺݳ಻ҲãﻹǮǺؼҵĵճӵճҪǺǽı֣ϵС
ѵ롭
̳ӻû򷭣˧
ǰʱɢȥ֪ӵ۹õĺܡҲƵģá
޶˺ü۵ĺȴΪ棬ӡǸ۸ڶûΪñ˼ðˡ
˿Ŀ⣬Ҳ֣Ŵͷһȴž迴
üû˵Ժүˣмһֱ游˵Ҵμԣղμԡ
͵̧ͷҲǶˣ
𾪣үͺӷԼݵֵҲΪȡ
үͷҷջ㷢գ
԰Ǻؼֻо̵ͷԣûжӡȻҲš
ϣҲš
ڼ˵ķӦƺԤϣֻӦһǾ͵ʱ˵ɡ
δ֣Ҳδ˵Եɣȴһ׵Ĳᡣ
ΨнӵĿԽԽ
˵̣ϵȴƶˡûŵͭζ
ΪˣҲΪԵţȴں˵⻰Ӻŵͬζ
˵ġ
һСټϽһõģʱҲɣһ
ЩΣ֪˵ЩʲôкүкԸӣټһϣҲ֡
Ž˵ĻȥˣүżһСŮҲˣͷһ󡣡
ֱãԷǳҲֱӾܾѯʵ游˵
ү̾˿üͷţ˵ҪŻԲѵ˵Ҫˣͷȥˮƽ
һ㶣漴ͬˣԼҪƾ٣Ȼûһβ˵ȥ̽
үΪΪѣоˣȥɡ
ްЦͱ̽һѧʣҲɺ˵һԵע
˵ү˿Ҿ֪Ӧġϵܲġ
һ飬ѵӦүӻǰ˵ɣ
漴뵽֮ǰүӾüҵķӲί˾µģԵүȥ˵ƺҲǲܡ
үЦЦҰ鷿ճȥɡ
˵үӾȥˡ
ûһݹˣۼ߰ɡ
ЦȻźȥ鷿°͵ݶǶϣ
үͷĵһۣôܣӲʹӾͱҲˣ˵أ
ߡүֵһ˦ȥ
°ͿЦãôˣǶ鲻𡣡
Ἶͺݽ鷿ڿ˰μүӵбȿ˿ڡ
ֱ뿪ʱ֪ͺ̽ѧ֮¡
˵ؼ˾ǽҲ棬ѧʶΣ
ϵıһѾò̾죬·⻰˵һ㲻١
ɻ󣬡˼ѧʶ
ףѧʶϣʶȴҵܹȵġ˵ʱ飬δţ׵ضҿҲﲻĸ߶ȡһֱԺѧʶȴһһ߶飬ҲѡǱһʼԺ飬ҲȲ
֮飬ȴЦ˵ѧʶҪѧȥԺ˵ʺ
֪ڰЦš
˶ֵһ̸뷨гһнʿȥط١
ʱȣƾٿнʿ˶ӽ½ĻҲ࣬û뵽ȴ뵽طȥ
֪⣬Ľ͵ھǹȻǺãʱϵңв֮ءߣ̬ԹٳϵҲ˲٣Գ֮ҲһЩ⼸ֱȥطĸ٣츣һա
˵Ϊͬ뷨Ķأ
Ȼ񣬡ĶУߵģӿģ˵һҵӾͿܣʱҪǲˣ㡣


 49 

ļ·D:\\\\\\ĸ屸\\noDel_117_49.txt
ԭַD:\\\\\\ĸ\\ɷɴеļƷ\\49.txt
ǿЦĿ, һ̼ȴ֪˵Ķġ
˿Цá
ǰЩԼã˽׵, ˸Ȼ־÷޼䲻üƽЩ
ദΪҪֻҪ߾ԼȫȥҸ, ֮ء
ſ̲סһѣÿ
˫΢, ¶ϲı, ϲá
ʶı仯ʵ̫뵱ദʱȴʵϹȥҲࡣ
̾˿, ȥɰɡ˶, ǵķҲϲʿ̫࣬Ȩûб֮ȥ쵹ӵط, ڵطܵǡ
, ȷ
Цʱұƿ¥, ܡ
ҲЦá
˼˶δ, Ͼֻ, ˶ǣ˵̫෴˾˵ˡ
¶ʮС꣬ǳǸ׼ʮսʳ̺ص¥ʽЪҵöʳͶò, 翪ҵ
ЦǶ˵ˣʮ㿪ţʱҴۻиľϲʱһ
Ȼ꿪ҵʱǿ϶»δԹء
Ҳ׷˵
Ҳʰͼһȥؼָӵ˷˺ķǹꡣ
ƹͳïڱض׾죬ʮżٺӻؼҹˡۼӺԺðǹꡣ
ʮս޻мһ𷵻شȥĶʦʦŲų
˭ûȥ飬һ£ɩ˼ֱ졣
ԶɩȥҲӦõġ
ܿ쵽˴Ŵ壬һӱкͯζӣҵմĹظұһȥ
ӣҶʱǰһϽȥҪʲôˡȶʰõڶһȥ˽ҡ
ӺܲùżеǮߴ룬ֱҪǮǮûҪ˵ֵܵᷳ֡
࣬ƫƫð˳ǣؼ⣬󴨾ԽԽ˵Ҫҽеӽմ
ϼǺȻֲֻƾ߷ùŮȥ˵󴨾Ҳû˼
ýɺȥǶŪӣǵûɹý˳
ʵڱ
ò׵¶ʮߣԾûȥҽ˵˵¶ͷ˵ˡ
ϵǰͷȴֻӣңʱأ
ӣҸ˸ȻӽæµƣڼЪˣ̫̫۰϶ģ԰ɣ
ʵ鶼øһ̧۾Ƽ󴨺ͽսˣϵǵף˴Σ
ˣȻ֮ǰȥﱻ˻һѾո˳ˣҲ˽βˣϵĻϽʵôˣ
ӣŭĿһۣȻū˵ڼЪϢδ˵֪̫̫ģū澲
һˡ
̫̫ԺǲҪĺáӣ΢΢
ۻʵǹүôû
ӣңүڼչӡ
󴨶ʱüӣӽƷ£ǰմŴĹ׼ϣү̫̫Ҫ
Ƴۣʱ󾪣Ȼô㶫
̣Ȼ˲ˬҲﵽĿġ󴨵ɫЩÿˡ
ӣƽҲũõĳЩѾ˲ˡ
Ӳ𣿡϶ʱá
ˡ˵ʱ˵˼޼漦޹湷˼Ҿ͸ǵĹءڽعˣˣ
ĿԹϣ￩һȥ󴨣ϣ˵䡣
ȴЦԶԣٶļױûеԼױĵ
϶ʱѪ
ӣҸмĿ۽գȻ뿪
ߺյȻǲҲû񣿡
󴨷ⶶ˶ԡ
ãǶӱȥ׼ˡߵϸǰ鷳Ƹҡ
϶ʱ󾪣
Ц
󴨣׼֪ϲʲô
ǣ˵ϲʲôҸ׼ǡŶôҲϸ
պôĪǼҵֿˣ½ҵ׺һ顣
ϾϲҲһˣ˭֪ʱûг͵Ǯҡ
ڶԶΣ𣬡Ѷó
ŵһ£͵ҡûУүҡ
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ȥϸ˵˵ʲôղģ޷˵˵öĻˡ
ЦһȥⷿתһȦ׼һƷȻһȥ˴Ŵ塣
һߣϱյϢ֪Щʱǰһڡ۵ؿڵүûˣӹıͼѣȻŪôණȥҡӿô찡
ҲЩˣ뵽ʼٸ߶ʱۡұǱˣ㲹ҵʱôۣҹŮ㷴ˣ
죬˵
Ͽֵĵ˴Ŵ壬ȴſò֡
һʲ֪㾹Ȼһͷɱ⣬Ŵ˿ڲֱ࣬ÿÿ⣬һϲЦտûһ˵ûġ
ϱǺˣһͷҲء
˼ǮǮ˼Ҳ
˼ǮҲ˼ұ׬ģôɶҪⰡ
ǣҪǶֵ㡣
պôţƼԺһ⣬æкˣء
ĴʱǽҵСүÿ
ձǿëëģϽͼкһݡ
ｪڿϺͼ̫ڳԶЦӴæˡ
պһ󷽣Ǯ⣬ûǮ񡣡
Եҿ񣿡
ŴĴһһһƣǹټϿ鶹һİˡ
ұ˴󷽶ˣҸ˶ء
ǳ˳飬ȻϿ£ҽˡ
̫Цеã߾ס£סĿ
ҲΪסŲҲûš
ȼͷʱͿڶ죬ʱΣЦʣΣ
ʱ֪
ˣʡ
۽ɫʼˣæ˸ڼҽңҲȥѧˣʱ䡣
Žɫãӣ㣬ĲǶϡ
ˡ鱾ͲΪ˿๫㻹ѧĹ๫ɡ
նʱо˺ĵĿŽҾ㲢ûаοҡ
ο㣿һЦˡ
գ
Ϊʶ⻹ܱ˺ƭŵȻͺúѧҪ֪㲻úѧôʰ㡣
նʱڽһˡ
һԵļ̫ԲˣվǸúӣ϶úöģ԰ɣ
ĸҡͷϽͷԡ
Ȼֵҽղˡ䷹
ֺ̫Ǻǵãס£סþסá
Ѿ¶ʮˣҲסãڶһ˴
˼ϴҴҸҪȡضơ
ֱЦﻹûȥ
϶ʱһ㶣
Ŀ޿䣬˸ķ׵Ľѵһͨ
տɲǷΣֻԽ󴨵ۼԽԽˣһ۽ҵǮզ졣ƾȷɣҸӻרŹΣ
ԭӦ뵽¶ʱ˿ڣУҪþɺţ
ҡͷҲʮˣżˡ
һݣҲǣʱôҲúúź¡
ڽ󴨸ǰٲȻʧ裬󴨷¶Ҫͽĸ˷ˡ
һӸ˼꣬ȴǺڡ
ΪĹϵӹӦƷһЩϹ߲ҲܹӦһЩԪͼºҲѾȥԺˣ򽪾ʱмˡ
ڼģΪһֱسﻭѣСûµƤ׾ˣһԽĽޡ
żϵЦ̫㡣
ݰһ̳ӾЦĸҵǶ
ҹµĳȻ¥ζãȴмҵζ
ϽһŵζͻȻ͸Żֹ
϶ʱϲÿУ
У



 50 

Ϊֻһ˵, ȴ뽫ŸǺ
ŮӼ˾͸ûӲ޲֮ŵõɫȴǲҪӡ
ԽмΪԼ˵, Щ֪롣
Ҳһܿ컺͹һˮ, ǽЩ۲Żˡ
̫۽ۼ, , Խǲ˵Ҵ򿴡
εӦһ, ϴεľԼСΪǴοʼ±㲻ô׼ʱ, ҲûգǻУˡ
ڽһҲû£ҹԵĵûٳ, һΧݵĴ, ŵ˵ļƻڡ
һʱһڴ꣬ʱ򱾸Ҫҵ, ǽȥ˸ϳȥˮص˺ؼҡ
ϺͺӴӻ, ֻкүҲûȥûȥҵ¶, ֺǺǵ
ʱүҪƾˣҪܿŻǺؼҵðˡ
ү˵ʱϹֵЦ, ǺؼӻĹʱ΢Щʱ㽫Ϻо̲ܲݼҵ
ںݺͺϣүӵҪ󲢲ߣֻҪżҵͺá
ɺпŲֵģѡԭźּܻҵģû뵽Ǵ޴ľţȻҪ顣
뵱Ӷʱѧñ˯ţֵ΢ЩҲƽƽ˭뵽ҼȻܵõĺ
Ҫ֪ſǿݸڶģܵõĿ϶үúǸ¿Ż
һڣȰοвŻֻҪϰ⣬ԣȥԺһ鱸ʱһͬȥݸԡ
үʱǰһЦеżֵҿɾͰиˡ
үӽĿͻȻһϵĸо
º͵Ϊʵѧ໥֣̽ðж֡
ǫ飬ֻҪҾˡүô˵ȴźиٵġ
о֮¿нʿҲܺ٣ǺؼҲȱǮʱСҲҫˡ
һһپ̸ҲȤ
ǵ˺үϢʱչһұ㼱æˣһٲһ
ү˵ȺݿźȥԺʱݲ΢΢ףá
ǳĸ񷶶
Ӿȵܿϣ
Ĳκֻٲһ
ؼҵ·ϼεƵĳ˾˺游ʵϣܿϣֻǺؼûжˣǲ˲Űˡ
Ϸʵ㲻ÿԵʦˣ
εҷѧϰֻϧձҪԣȻҶʶֻ괺˳ط϶ʶʶˡ
˵üۣͻȻƺмû
ʱӦձȥ
Цȥȥ˶ٵƺǸصģ
һǡ
ȥˡźǳ˱ȥԺӣȻ絽ҾƷ»ȥӡô϶ְ
쳣ļЦá
շˮأռŴ̽һЦ˵ˣѾȥ¥ֻԺҪϱҪȥǿ·϶֡
ֻͬˣ߱ضСˣ˱ƻòʵʩ
ʱ˳أ·ϻһжĺ£ֱӴһװѧ˺ڲסֻ۾ɫ谵֮ʣͣԶڰ·ϡ
ϵʱҪأҪȥض̫
·ϱ䣬ǣûǵ̫ãʱչãӭһλεĹһͷдһ֡
ˣ
Щˡ
ı仯УʱЩΣǳ磬Ȱѳˣ᣿
жʱ¶˷ܣĦȭƵãȥ󳵷󽻸ҡ
þľҷһ˾Ϳˣ̫˷ѡ
ҡͷ˵
Ȼ˵͵˽ʯӵ·м䣬˽ǰһȻͣ
ˣϳ𣿲ϳȥֵȥﴫŭ
æǸСӣ·ʯ飬СͰῪ
ȥȥͷ˻Ժ
³ӭ汻סԴȻֱ˨ڳˣӿܡ
ȵκŵöȻ˾ƣһ³ͱסűק
ĸҪĸŹүǲǣ
û˻شֻ֮ȭߣһʱĹ̡
ƿڴȭͷ͹˲ˣϽĵúǮҰǮ㣬ҪǮҸǮ
ɲϡǮͼͷִһ٣ĵԽԽСͣ֡
˶һۣȥӽ⿪ȻɿܽԱߵĵ
ҵĳ⿪ӷɿȥ󣬶ѾһϢˡ
󱻳ϳﻹ죬һᱨġ
ۣûƼʲôˣүǻԺǻ￴򣿡
Ųԣȴĥĸ
ͼ˳ҹɫȥ·ˬˡ
СֹһƼһθüĹϵ¶ѹȥôֻԼȥˡ
Դ˽ûоﲻԣȨǮȨǮҲҵø鷳
𣿡ڻ谵ֻͷϵĵɢĵƹʱʱ͸ƲԷߡ
ԽЦ𣿡
ףˣܺһɻˬ
ҲЦҲˣĸˡ
˶ֻƼԷ۾̲סǷͦıĴ˫˫Ŀϲġ
˹ĲӣУ˳ӵĽͷ
ֱ£Ĵշת
Ĭ˭ûͷĳѹǵ
ⶬҹ˾ñ˴˵ĿĽ
һ磬ԺˣԺʱɫѾ˶ͼ½˹ϴ˷ܣ˴ˡ
ɫ΢Ŷأ
½û˹ѹ˵ͦҵģƼ򱳻ģԺûڵĺܣչƲˡ
šͷ޹أȰѧȥƱǡ
Ͼȥô֪ǲˡ
½п˾̫ƣ֮ǰǰȻȥ̽˺˱ǲ̫ˡ
кЦȴɫһ¹һ£Ҳܲ塣
һ䣬ͷʱƳ޵ֹȻ߽࣬ҵվڼֵλÿȵġ
ɫͬ⿪ˣɼǺޡ
Խ˵ԽǳҲԽԵխΪˡ
ѧʱ½ȥȫ±ӣ۾׵ңʮ²´ˡ
ϧպǵЩΪãձҪԣһӰԾ͵òʧˡ
ԼûкӡԸǺһ˵ء
һڳ϶ʱÿˡ
һ̽󣬼İ䣬û뵽⵽ʵ˲ݡ
ɫܲÿ֣ҳԣ˵⻰ǰŹѲΪ
ռʱڳĻԷ˭ֻкܲɡ
ƽձĴУ˭֪ĸɼԺ˽ã˵в͵ĳûбˡ
ֻǵʱö֮Ƕ϶йء
Ȼһ仰β
̸Ҳȱȱ滰˵ȥ
ס׷׳԰ο岻ãҲˬ죬⡣
½̫˵
ЦЦû˵
ȴ⼾Ͼ󲻺ǣҲɴ˸϶ȡֺˣǼ˿
ڵ磬ԺʱɫѾڣ˸ؼҡ
ʱѾ׼ţԷʱ˵ģʱЦĺϲ£죬á
Ȼǻá
Ȼȴ浽˹ٸɼٸ˱ѯʼֻǼؼңûƴ󣬵ٸҲҶѯʺ±㲻֮ˡ
ʮ¥ͽʳ¿ţʮʳǷ׷ţԹӵģԳ˵ģò֡
Ȼʮջû
ˡ
ûµʱ򽪾һȥͷҩ̣һЦǺǵϲ̫̫̫̫ϲˡ
ʱͣСϲˣҡңǻˣ
ЦЦǣѾһ£Ѿ׼ˡ
ˣ
۵𣿲Ǵ費׼
ôģʲô
ҩʱ򽪾Ծһ㱣ô˵оͻˣôΪ˲ÿλ˸ִʩǻˣ
ŽɫҰ׵ģһңôˣ
ᣬңˡ
ľŵ˰ȴ˾ϲϲҺϲҡ
ƨϲԾƽ̹Ķӣү
Сķĸ첲Сġ
ֶԳСĸϳ
ߵıţһֱ˺ŵʱСķ³
κĻصУſڴϾͰ
ҲſšæպɲĶ˺̥Ͳˡ
죬ޡ
Цū֪ҶǸ˵ޣū澻˵Ů˻кƢùŹ֣Īġ
ֺͰҽֱǼͬѼʱ˵ˣȥɣҾһ
ҵǵû¶ɣ
û¶̾˿治ʱ򡣡
ҲʮߣȻҪˡ
Ǹء
ʱҿʱģ뵽»Ƕ˵ȽϺñû˵ֻһڷڣҲûԡ
ʱ¶ɻںһƬȻûƵƣʱ򽪾ġ
ӿ岻ʵ
ֹȥƾ֪ˡ
ɵƳһۣ۽üҴϲɫǴ¡
ȥȻŽȥôƵƣ
û˵ӭ泯żһӰæֽסȴͷ
Խɻ󣬡˺£
ںڰĺ£
ҡʲôˣĨڵ˴߷ֽڴϣȥס˺£
һˣġ
Щͣģ
ˣԡ
εȻ˾Ե֣۱Σ
鲻ͦŴǰɡʱ㲻ȥĶԼȥɣʱҸòĹ㡣
ۼʼ˵ʱˣ˵ʲôҼˡԳԩ¡
ȴίʱ۵һ


 51 

ԭ򽪾˵Щ, һŽ޵۵ĲУʲôöûˣֻӡ
ʵҲôҪ, ⺢ӵĵļƻļƻȻ괺֮á
Ҳ֪뷨ǰʱ²ĸ˵Ҫڽ֮ǰȥǿһӡ
⺢, һʱǲܳԶˡ
ίˣû, ίԼҲʮ, ôȻҪˡ⺢һǸɶô죿
޵һѱһòġ
ˣް
ⰲοܰο, ۵, ɴ̫塭
δ˵㱻ϣ㻹ѺӴˣ
һʱ侹֪ΰοˡ
ֻһİҵĴĪ, ҳɺã
ҭҭ, ȻĴˣһֻ˺ӡ
, ҵĴε, ȥſɺã
һѽҲö, һҪ⡣
áûвģվһ, ǰѷ
˶δţԸ׼Ŷţһ˵Ǳ߱ѸٵİѷˣƷʲôʲô
ڽҪԵ⣬⼦ⶼС
Ȼճһ̲ס
æ˲赹ˮ
ҪЩԡ
˵ű˶ȥˡ
һȣζ
Լʵ̫ˣɲ˵ⶼܳˡȻСɾĥġ
ԽôԽί̲סֿ
֪ΪοޣֻܰѼ˵һȥֻ˰ˣȳЩ嵭ӣȹ첻ٳԿɺã
᲻סĵһӾˣھԡ
ÿ⡣
ɰѼΪסˣƽյʱ򽪾ϲ⣬ڻƫƫֳԲˣô졣
ʵҲ֪ԼڽϾƫƫ־ί㡣
յȫգǣңԲסҡ
ЩۣӣҲˡ
á˿ι㡣
ʵʵιС˺ôһЩҲζġ
̫ˡúһŮҪˣǰˡ
ֱԵĲˣŵÿճЩš
ҲΪ˯ʱʵʵȫҶ
ڶյʱٳǰ˯ĽЩģһڼֲԷô졣
űȥ˺ؼң˯еϺ֪˽θڲõ⡣
˵ЩõİæֻֻҪ֪ˣ˵ҲȥЦҰȥԺǱȥơ
˿ʩһ񣬡лĸ
߳·ݣɫ˶һ𡣡
ʱؼұԺ˵ãҲȥԺˡ
ԺΣ˿ȴ׽ǹϵãֻ˶ˣһҲΡ
Ϊݵǰգݱ䵭̸ܽ˵ǲࡣ
ŵʱϽе¸֪˺үүʱ˵ʰЩöȥǺؼҵĹɲί
ҲûսЦӦʰ˲ٵĲƷ
ؼûй϶Խ˵ԼŮġ¾ͺͺһȥ˽Ƕ
һӵίϾ̲סᡣ
ϿЦõǰһôͿޱӣôޱˣǺ°
Ȼ˵ѹôӣϾСʮӵĶУ˵ʮѾˡ
˵ϱ㰲οŮһ⡣Ҳã飬иҲи鲻ǡ
šЩ˼ĲᣬҲˡ
ʵ޵ĺ޵̲סޣǻеŮ仯̫
ˣֺ߶찮ºͺϵ¶ôϲ찮£˵˵Ļ¶־õǡ
˼ǸǴ˼ҵĹ˵Ҳ϶ˡϵǵһڸһ˼ҼҲһ޵ˮ
ʣһҶȥأ
ε游סϰˣߵġ֮ǰ˾¶óĽֻҪӺĶһܳˣǾǿ϶ţլԺסţܲίǵġ
Ķ࣬Ҳö˵ʲôպҪżߵġ
ôؼദҲĲˡ
ʱ䵹ǲã˼պθڱ
һֱͷܵļҲ˿ּһȦ´۶Ƶĳյġ
ۻˣθںˣÿջŻԣųԡȴůʱ򽪾ˣҲˡ
֪У̫Ҳˣ̫֮ǰסһʱ䣬ʵڲϰֻȥˡʱͻĹЩļѼ֮Ķڴӵĵ
ڼҲкϢݲţˮȻ󲨡
ؼǮŶˣĿ϶ԭؼ⾺Ҳòһ£һպгϢڵպؼŹǣ
ŽӺ;¥Ҳ࣬û˲۹ȥҡ
ÿճԳԺȺȣżӹҲ˳졣
µʱ򽪾ĶӿʼеСҲʱȥ쳣á
ÿʱ̲סֹɹȻǷɣĶѰӶࡣ
ԼޣԼ˵Լӷɵģһ̥϶ǸŮ
ֻҪǹŮǿ϶Ͳԭķˣ϶
ĶԲԲģӡ֤˹Ż˵ĶǶޣǶԲԲŮ⻰
ʱҲ䣬ӲҪ
ʱ򽪾ֿʼڴ
ϱӶӱ䷴ΪиƷиĵڵûҲǼƷˣôǺúðѺôҲܳɷ˰ɣ
˼ѹӰ첻ԼԳԺȺȣĲڰ·ݣҲڰ·ݣʱ˵ڼҡ
е
Լ˼Լ֢㽫ƹﱸȥǿӵ¶
ˮغصľ¥ȻǺãǱϾسޣǸǲһ˵ϵԻһ󲨿ѰʱҲ࣬ǮҲࡣ
Ǯ˵Ǯ׬ˡ
̥ȺףϰдţȥʱŴȥȻףϰæɫ档
ǵķȻǸߣڽⶼã׬Ҳ١ȥǿһʳӦòѡ
µ׵ʱףϰڴϢɫһӣС뽪ʳ̲СҪǧӡ
ѰʱҲòô󣬵ſԣˮǴߣǶԷǮҲ׽Ӷҳȥ
ףϰҲ˵λúãŹԺԶܱмջС
һõϢƹ񽫾¥⽻ˮ˸ƹȫȨӿŵ顣
һʱ򣬽Ҳʶ˲ţƹҲĻʶˡƹ񱻽¶ƹԼܸˣܱǱ顣
ȥһˣֻУ;棬ֻܽ齻ƹǡúӸҲҪȥǴ£㽫½ǣԼǳĵڼ̥
ƹʱǴƱߵģӻʱ˵ǱߵӸ߲󣬺ԺСЩλõȷʱʰҲˣѾҵˡ
˳㲻ٵģʱϻڸǣҲܰæø⣬ɵһ
תͷϲ̵ĸдŸƹɫһСԺӣʱԵʱסСԺȥĶ鱸
Բڸǡ
Щڸȥģ
͵ſĸԺԺڸǿ˿ȥʡǼϸʱɽֱԱۼϸȥ
𾪣һֱΪҲڸأǵʱ˾Ҳƭˣ
ǵڡҡͷǱϾȲʡǣԺһĪĺô¾˾˺ףϰ嶼ǵһ˵ҸԺԺԱȲԺҪ׼ΧԻԺҲ
½׹
ʱѾģߡëѪЩȲµʱ˶˲١
Ƥ桢֮Ķȫ˲˵ϲ˱ɵƷ
ڽ±һļ𱬣ųԣļųԣٳԲᡣ
к󽪾ŶƤһǰķѾˡ
ΪǰԷͲ٣ڳԵĸˡҪˣ֪ǿԷŻġ
罪Űһ±±⣬ɳ̼һ˺棬ĺϣ̶һӡ
ʱ˸ϣӶûսȶ̶ȥ±ԣˣҽã֪׼ôóԵġ
Ǻǣⶼҵġ
һ㶣ֳԲˡ
ûȴЦųóһЩɫ
緹꣬ղһѾĿզôܳ԰
հСӳԵĲ٣ɸͲԶˡ
ĲŶӵܱȣ
ǲܱȣոҪͷȴϻʱϻ񳽵ʱҲûôܳ԰
Ҫܡһ̶ְˣҳԼܵ𡣡
Ʋ죬ſ˾ͺá
̶ˣȥѼôˣҪæ𣿡
Դǰ˺ݻѾܳʱû֪еʱҴһΣָźؼҵ̶ӳȥһˣֱӸһĺö
Լļƻʵʱ֧֧᲻˵ֻ˵ùܡ
ǽûܡżӼĻҲ֪ܵһЩҵı䶯ϺͣˣϾûӵ֧֣Ҿͨ˼ң˵˶ˡ
ϸ˵ϹŮ˵ĸˡ
ڽѾȶſѯʡ
á˵ձɷϳɵҲģڻ˵ˣҲĲˡＸǷˡ
أûôģֻ̬ȣܷȨ
Цβε⣬ܲܵ⡣ʼҸҴ棬ұ͸Ұ˻ĲʱҲܲˡǰϼһģڵ˶ҰŵģȻҪҵˡ
˵𽪴պǲмҲʶȤ֪ܲ˷ҲУڻˡҺóԺúȵĹСҲ׼˺üӹıǰ̹ÿæŸܵãĻѽ
ɿգвпզİȻ׵С檡
Ҳ֪һܰͷûˡ
ȻɽȨ˵ֻкôպͼⲻõϼʧ
ǽ̲סʣ˻ˣ
ʵЩɣͽǷֵžžƶѣӡУ
˿ûв˼ֱӾ͵аи˫̥ûˣĲˣ϶Ŀء
ֻӽ֪м϶˼ҽúôȻϺôĸ˫̥治һе
֪˹ĲͰˣŶƤŮ˾˸ղŵĻֻò绨ĵӡ
նʱ


 52 

˭ζǸȵС, ճӵʱ򶼻еĺŹŮӲȷŮܻᱻ»
ÿʱ򽪾ͻ˵ôôζӣŮͲϲˣҪϲ˵, ǾԼӡ
ˣȥˣ˵ǹŮǹŮɡ
ʱ, ӵľ˾˽⻰ֱӾըëˣô, ˡҳĿ׬Ǯ, ﲻˡ
Ŀһ۵ҿɲҹŮô
գԲҪ
ĹĵеСˣЦ, Ͳǽ˶ٰ߷˶Ȩ
Ц, Ȩ͵ǡ
ǽҪӣͺЭ飬Ը飬˭˭ֻҪ, վǹһӺӡ
׽ҲͲ˵, 緹٣кӸƣ, Ҫ˯һʱŹ񫡣
վԼ, ȥ˯
ҪϢ˽Ҳ, ֱ뿪߻شˡ
ϾΪȨæĺܡ
ףʱ·ֶ࣬Ѿ·Ծȵܣȥʱû, 꽪˵ԼҪü˼׶
ᱡ޲ϸֻΪ¶Ÿ첲ȵģֻﴩ
סںԺǰͷ˲ᵽȥΪ˽̹ЩǰͷͺͷֱӼţյʱֱ㽪
յʱԺֻнһмӣ󲿷ʱ佪ͿŷЪţвȥ
ʱ㲻˰Ҳ֪һûšŷſţݵζƮ˳հѬˡ
˵ƣȥûƼ㺰ӣ
ӴӰӳ
Źϣƹ絽˴ǰ
Ȼ彪ϵ·ʱľͺ͸ˡתȥͰ͵㡢⡢⴩ʲô·
ȻνڿӣʱûлУ˵Ȥкÿѧ飬ֱܹڿʱҲࡣ
ȻǶǹȥˣʱôƼֻҸ첲ȵĶ¶ͷߵĵطҲ֡һѪӿϣЩ˹ȥ
ǽռĵȹͨ޲ģϺ졣ںѰ·˵ĳǾ޴ġ
ȻƼķӦһ˲Ҳ̼ˡ

кŮ˶ⷽͦ󣬵հǰ˺·޼˺̥Է޼Ҳࡣ
οڹŴǮģŮ˻Լ˰ͨźˣС檵С檣еӡ
ǼǲڵģⱲӶڡ
ڽ֪Ǹұ͵ԣԸҰ͵ԵıǮˣȻ
ȻżˣʱҪûϵżһβҪ
ɴ˿̼Žֽţ̰ͣĽȻ̲סֻĿɨ¡Ķʱԥˡ
ӳԽĽģ첲֣
Ծĭվԭؽ˸ƴ̣֣ˡ
ЦվŽŵĿϣߵǸ
ǰסĲӣȴȥѽ
ɡ
ʹûϵյߵ˵仰Ŀ¶ɣ棿
ЦԼͺע
һ˵ģȻÿֵá
Ŀȣβס뷨ֺγǣȥڴϣ۾Žҡ
ӵĿЦЦȻ˴
򾲾ȼգڴѹ˵ƺ
ͷߵͨ죬æ̨վԶԶġ
ӹѯŵ£Ƴ۷䣬ЩʱɣҺ͹ү˵
˼˵Ϊȴ׹ͮͮģʵҹʮ˰ɣ
Ӧһǣҽʮˡ
Ǻģճ̣ǱˣشȤǰҿˣ
ҡͷûС
ѹвźүͲùүĿǿиˣҿ˵ǹүĲȻонʿڻ£ǰ;ǸպһҲٻˡ
˵𾢶ȴû⵽ҵĿⶼˣŭĿȳӻ˵꣬ұ˻ȥǶǶҵˣȻߥ£Ǻξģ
ӱ粵˵֪ôһı鲻ƺ˶ʱһ˵˵ȥ
ҺͰӽǰӹĿ࣬ʵڹȥ˵㽫ǽˣշתغòױ£ǽԵĺôůڼʱҪãǸмҴǵһС
ǾԲԼԲ𶫼ҵ£ڱ˵ҵĻڶҵǽ
⻰˵꣬ǲ˵ո˵⻰˭֪ջ᲻˵ĻԶҵĺȶҵģȴڱʹЩһԭԭ߶ңΪ֮
Ӷʱɴ۾˵ЦˣùĪҪ붫˵Ҹⲻ𣿡
ҲΪðЩ
죬
ſˣϵʵôˣ
ͨһˣң̫
ҼһҶʱ㣡
Ӹ˼ͷңū澱˵ģū澾ò˵ˡ̧ͷŽңʲ͹үڷ˵ҹͰŷ͵˵ʱȻĵ˵ҹܲšһ͵˵ŶүĴպү˹ܵĸƾӹˡ
ŶųӵĻɿңң
뵽ӾȻʱڵϣĽͣңҺͰӵǶҵģôūţӱûˣߥūүĴūѵ˵Ů澾Բ¡ʱˣû뵽Ȼһңǧĺѽ
ǰʵ̫ѹˣе־塣
ͷڵϣરવǳӵʹͷȴһĨЦ
۰ҵ˵
һһϲᣬϲĿŽ
ȴĿȣҡ
ü˭ͽģ
Щ£Ͱ͵ūūǡġ
ŶȻĵͷԭҲϹʱ򰡡
Ӷʱˣ⻰ʲô˼˰Ҳ˲ˣ
Űҡ
ԴԺӾһֱչȻǺģ䰢Ҵߵʱΰһֱֻչˡ
ӣ˵ʱתҪ˵ûǲŵġ
һĻ֪Լŵöͷð亹ͷȥңǧҪū
ϹЦ㵱һҪˣõ˵˵
ŽĻҸжˣǶҹȻģǶҿá
հѼԸĨȽϺãŶӿų΢΢̾˿ңȥаɡ
һʱ󾪣æģңū֪ˣū֪Ҫūˡ
ҡͷ˶ӸԣеһξеڶΣҲǴˣݲй˼ǰߡ
Ҳ˲йԶųӾͳȥˡ
ӱ߿ޱߺ֪ĻΪôء
Űɡ
Ƴ˼һۣĿ⣬Цá
ӵ¶ûʲôӰ죬ȴЩսսһնܳĬ˸ɻǸɻƼ󼸺ͱŲˡ
֪ҪӣȴȫûҪ
ҰӵףŵĹɡԴ˺Ժ۾ͳϣҰƶֲ
ǳżڼҵʱ򽪾԰ҵǴһӶ
ңū澡ū澡
ЦҲСˣϲˣ
һȴˣ̲סϲ˰ɣ
ҵ͸ˣͻȻµū澣ū澾˲
˵⻰ҿˣԼ̬ȲͬǡڴʱˣҪһΡ
ȣɡôʮˡ
ǲ֪Ѿʮߣҽʮ꣬Щ
֪ģҡͷū澲ʹֻҪū澣ū澱㲻˶٣ң˵ʹЩĸ
ӽ֪ǶˡͷпԸ⣬ʱǰϲ£ʱԺĹӣΣ
лҡҶʱϲʤæ¸ͷ
Ϊ¶˵ˣұ㲻ڱżˡʱ򣬼ü룬Ŷ
ûˡ
һ
Ű˵££û¸ýţƺͦ˼
ﵽԺʱҲСˣϲĹ
С
˵ҲˣСľöߵİҲ
δ˵һЦˣˣ֪ˡ
ﲻ֪Ǻ⣬û˵ȥҲ˼ˣæǰԺȥˣǰͷϰң˶һָۣϽŲżԶʱֶ̲סͷ۶Է
ߵˣﳯЦЦŵˡ
Ѽţǳãýŵĸо治
Ҹղ˼ˡ˵
ЩЩڴҪ֪𰸣ƫƫȴ˵ˡ
ͻȻöͦ棬СԽԽ˼ˣ˵ߵİҹﲻ
һ£ҵͺ͸ˣվڽָ߽ͷʹͷҿˡ
ϵϲȴü٣֪ǿˡ
Ҳ£ǱСԺС氢ҵλãðҴһʱ˳ס
ϾʹˣʮĹҲСˣҲˡ
²ĹܰҵĻ£¿ɸҲãʡĴһڼġ
һ˸ɲһһκ󣬼˽ĻСЩǲҪġ
ƺҲĸоľżһء
ȻԽԽȣҲѮҪǰǰϸˡ
һͬȥĻԺԼԺ˰ĺݡ
ʱؼûһźݻܿȡȻµʱȴ˳Ĺֹ˸ֹԺԳΪһš
ʮȻ˲ˣؼΪ˰յˮϯףǺؼҳš
Ǻ˾٣үкӷ޸жôˡ
Ȼ˭϶Լ˿ ˿ģ֪һܹϵġ
ǰһŽףֻѾڣ½ϡˣҲٹˡ
߶߶Ķ˺ܾã˯ǰѾĸ׺ʹɩ˵ãձ㶨ҪǵĻҲȥؼĸò׼ⶨҪ
Ҫ˯ˣĶԺԼá
лҪ˵һ趨ҪʡǾеġ

 53 

һ컹δ, ˣʱûۣѾ, ԼҲŴҪˣ
δ˯ѣŨŨı, ۾ſЩᡣ
, ñ־õȡ̺Ӵϵ, 磬˯ʹɩˡ
Դĸ첲, ԹԵĵͷ, ֪ˡ
мԼĺ½һͬУͬҲչһЩ½ҾƶһҲչ֡
Դ˺ݲ飬ΪԺʱǱϤ, Ҳ֪½Ϊ, Բδܾ
˯ɡһ·£±˸, ұ
ɺã˷, Լ̺΢΢̾
˺Ϻͷһηֱ, һȥһ£˳꣬õȴŰ񣬿ϵĻҪŲμ¹, ¹μŻ᷵硣
ʱĺӶˡ
ƺܵĸı仯̥Ҳ˶ЦŮ᲻ˣҲ᲻ء
űؼҵѾſˣ׼ҲͣſڣԶһӰٵ߸˽ǰſ½ˡ
˵ȥ㣬ôҹԼ͹ˡ½ܵǺʱΡ
½Цհ㵽ˮأסڿջ߲Զ
ʳ̫յ˵ʱ·ȻҹڵϹɲ·
˵ˣ˱½Ƴۺջ˼һ̾һܡ
ЦҼӣܵı׼ˡ
ҽƣȲʱɰѳϵ۵СϢԽӺϵϣյ֮Ķ棬һ㶼ռطڳĵط˲ҲǿԡֻһƥУֻƥС
컹ûҲûƵƣ½Ҳֱˣ㻹жȢ˽ûġжڵˡ
˵½Щ˷ܣҸ㽲жڣ֪ͲԼֱȢؼˡҲ֪ȻȨǮҲ࣬жΪճҲǱȲϾһ֧ġ
𡣡˵ƺģΪĺ½ȴĲá
ˣ
½սˣ
ƳһۣҲ
Ǹ½˷֮ܵǰҲ֪˭ʵ̫ˡ
Ծɵš
㲻˭𣿡½ø˲ǡ
档Ǵ˺ж£ǲɹһĨЦ
½߶߶Ҳǻãƽյôˣ˴˶֪˭ġ
ȴûˣƿӿԶ¶Ĺڵˡ
鱾˳ųڻ翴顣
½弾ĲɣʼùȻҲ󣬵Ҳ鱾ϰ𹦿
ˮȥϸ·ϲͣЪҲ߸ʱ䣬ǼмסϢ²ܵ
һлߵ磬·ϵû϶ 
ŵʱǸˣ֮һϰΣٽʱ˯ʱŵʱɵһϣ˱ЪЪҲøƥιϡ
ӲͳûӣһʳǰݵҰɣǰζ
˽ӣȻϰ廹ǵúݣڲֹˣмˣƺҲǸϿġ
˸ͷֽˣϰϷˡ
̧һƻǴɣһˡ
ǳмۺˡ
ΪСֲãΪиµļھǾҪֺԸΪáΪľǰӡ󣬵սϿɹְܵõүĹա
ЩףȻЩҲʲô
ֻǼϵչʱ˴һ٣²źʱ㻳Ǽû֤ݣҲֻһᰵ㼾
粻ǵǸˣûͣϧҲûҵҼ鷳
ʱƼһӴⲻǼôȥϿҲһ
ȻʲôЦµˣиӣǮǼֲǮˣѽɷˡ
л֡һ
Ͼȣˣ㻹лң
ºȻƣҲȢ˽ޡ΢΢һЦнյĺӶֵİæлл
һʱͺҧгݵ㵹Ǻؽ󡣡
ӦˡһЦʮأǲ̹Ȼԭ˺ⱲӹҲ̫Ȥ
Ȼ¶ȷƼȣ걻һȻǼνκû֤ݣҪɫҲûá
ߡ˼һ۽ҿ£ϰվڲԶûʱջ̧ӣϰ壡ˡ
ϰɪһæȥкˡ
˲δż뿪ʳ̣ű뿪ˡ
ͻȻʳϰĺܹСλүǼλүվǰ֪ʲôء
һپãæȥͿһذ׾Ҫ
ס֣һѸٳ˹ȥݺ½Ҳ˹
һ٣Ҫȥŭ̧ϣûվƥȥ
ƥеĵӻˣʱһ˻ӳȥ
ƥŭʱҪһϣҲòμˡ
¼ͬΪֲ˴ԡ
ο󱳺ңһϣؼҾҲӲѸϵ
ĺؼҺͼҲλεĵҡ
˵ģ˴ɲصᣬ᲻
ʱҲһߵɵҲ֪Ӧǡõ˸ǰæȥקˤڵϡ
ϵ沢ƽ̹ŵʱо첲ĵʹ
ӵǵûимƿڴݣҼסˣ֮Ҷưոݡ
Ƴһû½һ𽫼ѾĥƣѪˮ͸Ϊ첲΢΢
δúڣңһűˣɵĺûеġ
߰ɡ
򴽿һۣ֮ұ㲻ƽϣˣձҲ
Ӵ㻹ôţ𣿡ſ첲ΪңҾͻм㣬Ҹ㣬ⱲӶܡСĵ㣬Ҳô˵ġ
˵ƳۺݣߵǸ̻ӰˣʮʸûС
üͷ壬½ʱҪݽסˡʰһʱ
ͷ˫ĿһЦ֣⻰Ǻú̽һ
½ʱɴ۾ڴʲôգ
û¡ݵȥˣ
Ǳߡʳ̵ϰָָ񷿣˽ˡ
½̫
첲Σ½żĸ첲һ£ҿ˵첲ȻĻ
û˵ȥ˶ף˸첲ԱضӰġ
ͳŶҴҼҩȥ˵ţͼš
ӲҩҲңҩ̴㿴첲һƬѪģǱϵʯӸŪƵġ
С˿ֽаų
ҩſĸ첲ֻϧ˵ĲҸ첲ϧϧ
С˵־ģͻȻ˵ˡ˵ۣһ˽ˡ
ϸʵǲ㡣
ںͷгûһ·Ҳ˳мżͣȥҩץҩ˼ϸʱ˿Ѿûôˡ
ϸСǺؼһǽⶼûںǰ߹ĵط࣬ʱϸ˵Ĵ
һϸ·ȥҿջ
ֻǿԺĿջҪôѾסҪôѾԤȥһϼȥһһԺ
֪ǸϿɫ˵պдǰ̣ҲûҪֻһҪ󣬾оٺ֡
ȻѣȽ˱סСԺ
еĳ򸺵չǵΣɨɾȥ
½𾪵ҵĳʲôᰡ
ʵ֮ǰҲ֪ЦҼӰŵİɡ
ǳЦС㲻ϳӣڻƹѧʦδͽҲǶβǲСչ˹ү
½Ľˣɩ˿ġ
üͷһɿԼҵĳ
ؼҵĳһƸϽͷȥϴ·զɣǲġ
ڼҵĳ˷ֹҲͿˡ
һպ˱ŲרϰεȴԵĵ
ʱҲ˼ϸһ·ϼ˱ƼⷨӶˣ˼ϸת˼ջҲûӰ
뷨ǶȻü޷μԲźãϧҲֻܰ˼ˡ
ͺҲ£óĽǿǰһҪעⰲȫһ⣬Ѳˡ
ԶˮصĽҲù
ΪȣеѰ˯ãû
̫Ÿᡣ
̫ϴ·ŮӲȵ̲סֻҸȡ
һպ޲סˮˡ
ڰм̫Ӻôǹȥˡ
˰µʱ򽪾ĶѾܴˣԲè
ýĻ˵ôԲ϶ǸŮ
̫ȻӵģҲ᲻ʶȤڽǰ˵ÿζϸֳʳ
˰µʱôûôˣ˯ʱѰ
֪ڰ³ſʼÿһһǰʮ塣
ĿԾȷŰҪµˡ
ĲҲڰ£һǾͲ˵ˡ
ͬʱҲıս˭֪ڰ³ź˾ʹʼк
кں㲻ʲôëڴʱԵĽҪͷͳ˿־顣
ǲɵľ룬ѵ˹⺦ǣ
漴뷨㱻ǷˣΪЩδùڵĶǼĳϴȻ͵ǸǰģûлӴ
εҹˡ
˵긹ʹ˹˲æéܡ
ŵҪæΣһóĽҲˡҹˣǽҪ˼ţԲų⡣
ҩεû뵽һ·Сľʱ˸ͷֻհʱѾû¡
Ҳãҩ㲻ٸʹˣֻΪйô࣬ɫÿ
հľϢŰҹʰõĿš
ԸϵشڹԺбر˵Ҳİȫ⡣һ·˳ĵ˹Ժſڡ
빱ԺǰصĿջվãˮصģվصԱߣصһߡ
ʱŻѣĿӼԹЦˣֿɫãǲû׼ãͷˣ
ȻһЦƼƷ֮鲻ˬоһģʶɫá
⻰ˣЦЦɫҲãˣ


 54 

׼, ôãŭżҧ, ҺõĺܣǼָ첲źãĿʱòǡ
㲻ַˡ, ĸ첲ϸһ㼡⣬Сԭĵطֻһ̺, ¸첲Ѿ, лֹػ
ֲϹȻĳĸ첲ѾȫֻôȵȻûü첲, ʵϧ
ʱԺǰԵļԹٵѾ׼, ԺŴ󿪣ֵĿνܼ빱Ժ
ڵرһǰ, ڼѧ, һαһϸ°ɡ
λ£ҲǸнʿŵ, Ʒӣѧʵȷ, ҲʱһȽ, ֻϧȽȽȥ󶼲
󲻷Ҹͷ뼾ԣ㼾
첲Ӱ, Ӹˡպ޵ռĸ첲˵ĲһЩ
ȴĺݻ΢΢ͷɡ
ߵļ̵պ쳣޲üҲ޳ͷ֮ա
ҲףֻҪӣо٣õҲʵ
Զ½һǶ˵
ݲɵĵۼдţձضܹнʿھС˵λ˲Ǵ֮ˣ令̣»顣
յĵǣֻЦ赣ǡ
رˮһЩ½Ƚ˺ᡣ
ڱᣬóĨӱоһƵߣ̧ͷȥбȻ
̲סЦЦһɳغ̬˫Ŀͨ졣
ܹ̼ԷǾʵ̫ˣ뵽Цĸˡ
ȥéǲܳģȥé޻ԾӡһʺִǳӰ쿼ٵӡ
ԳǱﲻסȥé޵ġ
֮ǰѵԼΣԲһԾʱϽ⡣
ϾһʱҪƪ·ǳѣʱǳȡ
ף˵ǿ¼ȡԵһأһԵһΪҪ
¼Լģһʹһ⣬һĿȴӺ濪ʼ𣬴ͬʱй˼һ˼·
ʱ˼·ˣֱʮ֣ƪ¼Ѿȫòݸ壬ֻҪټһ鼴ܳԾϡ
˦˦ָվһ¶ó׼ķʳ÷ΪϲˮһûȣҲֻ˼ǿˡ
̧Ͷ󿴹Ŀ⡣
ɫףͷź飬ƺ΢΢һĨЦ
ж񱨣ⲻˣ
ȷܣϸԼʳ޲֮ɸʹʵֻ̣ȥéޡ
ԾϴʺѾԤ뵽Լвˡߺ޵ĿѾʼ£ûã޸ϱ㿪ʼܳˡ
޵ҧгݣȴòܱʼ飬ǲĵġ
˰ʱ֣
ԼԾֻһƪ±ɴֱ꣬ӵ
ʱ껹ĿǶԲſڵıǿ볡
аܹɣԲŵиõߴ⡣
ȻȼʱҲĿʱͷӹˣ󼸸ĿԱ뿪
Ųæȼֽ¼һȷûŻ˱Ͽ
·ǰЦЦȲ˳ȥ
ߺ޵Ķż޲ý̻
˹Ժͷݺ½δԱڹԺǰĴ㳡ϵȺ
½½ģһЩҲҲ
ͦһһĺãվȺиۣ´ʱ谵Աлȼգʱ˿Ŀ⡣
̸̸ʱԷͬҲˣ˫Ÿ
ֵһ½ͺųݻãɫ޲ͬ½ɫЩ԰ףһԼҾҴĲá
˵Щʱ磬ǸϽȥЪϢջùء
ȻʱȣһϢգҲ˻塣
˻˵æȥǱߣ˼һֱСԺȥ
˲֪ͷӰһֱԶĸţֱ˽СԺ뿪
صСԺæȥϴһŸԻطϢ
ڶһùæϰΣһֱ˰СԺͻȻ죬ȥţûһ½үͷ㣬˵Զݡ
˶һۣĪ½Լ죬ô֪ڼϸݣ
⻰˷ǳ裬ȥ˶Է˵տ˭öԷµַ½ȻԵŰݼ
ȥˣԷҲû뿪ˡ
΢΢üҲΣϸѾһˣ粻ƫƫԵʱ
ĿܣͼһۣԷҲǾ裬ɵ˹Ϊ֪
½δ˾Ź˭ôҾãò׿ţڹϳǼʵǳصĴ
漴ͻȻ϶쵰޵ҧгݣ겻ɢͲþ͸Ҳܿƿ
ȻԼҲⶼĳ£Ѳ˸ϵ֪ΪҲֻܰһΪ
ǽڶҪţȥԺʱҲҪСĲǡ˵򣬲ʲôڵĶ뾭ǵ֣вɴ⡣
򶼿ɿ֮ˣҲΣֻϸڷ治ע˶Էĵ
飬ּ飬ʱţȥ˻үͷԺͬкܣ˵йҪѯ
½Ⱦȵôˣ
½ȣԺ͸֣ǶԼǱ֮źƶԱٽ̸
û֮¼ỳɣ˵ˣǾҪǺܵô֪סģΪ½֮ģ
ò룬ǱвģΪľǽȥöʰǡ
˫Ŀ΢䣬ܶԷԵʣֻҪ˴㲻ԭ¡
ѾϢˣʡǶӣڿջҲҵѧ߽֮ˣ˽ǣɲ
Ӧ˱ȥػûһֻˣң˲ߣ˵ǼͲߡ
ͺݶһۣݵǵſһۣǡ
ɣһſ⵷ô졣½ֱӹţ߲ߡĻвˡ
ҡͷʮհҹܹҪŵģǵʱ·أһӰ쵽ǡ
Ǿȥյǻҵײɡ΢䣬ȻԴΪݡ
ͷȳȥƣҵԣұȥ˾ԩ
˵ձ׼ſȥˣ½УҵҵԼС
˵žͼˣһѲ˵ߦȣ˳
ЦõЩƼǳ׵ˣ
½ʱΪѡ
űǣ˵ֱӰѲ˵˹ȥǰ濪·
ֻܽߦȣ½ںͷ
䱸ſڣʱһſڣǹÿү
ȿͷĺܣˡ
ע⵽ߣܵˣҲǱġ
Էֱܴӽ˲ɵˡ
Ȼ㱻ˣͬһϾԲθͷ
ƺǵĵǣÿֻվĵط˳һ۱ǡ
ݳһۣؼҵĳױŲ鿴һۺԺݵӣͷûˡ
ףҲ˿ⲢǾܷɾ裬ֽչ۹Σ
Ƴ˼һۣ䵭΢΢ҡͷ㣬ڿջ˽˵ҪԸ㡣
΢΢ȣܾ˵˵û⽻ġ
Ǻܿ죬üͷ΢壬ĲѧǰСо㡣հҹʱڰ·ʹ㲻ܰʱﹱԺ
˵⻰ȼ˷ӦȻתߣǺΪ֮
ߵĺѸ٣ܿʧڼ˵С
Źϣ½ŷӦ⡢Ҳ̫˰ɡô죿ŵʱһ𣿡
Ȼǲеġ
ݣ֣Ϊ˵Ŀʵ
Ȼʣʵĵźܵģߵ̸۴£ҲǣϾǵĽ鲢ûôá
ֻдˣҲò¡
ɣݺ͵λҿ⣬οԶҪǴʱѾǻƴһ֮ʱڼϸز죬·Ҫʵѡ
üͷһֱţͷҾ˵û
½ʱˣô죿
Ц衣
˼Ц½ӽʲôӡ
ƳۺݣȻס⴦Ժ߳ȥͬǿĹٵбأǱضҵҪʰǿ¾ͻſڣһűֱӰᡣѵαܿǵΧ׷½˳ĵͷĴȥ
½գգۣǰô㣿
ԺںͬλڸһԺӵСԺͬס˼ϿЦտͷʱǽ̸Ǹ̸ƷŶܹѰǰ
֪ģֻû뵽ô̵ʱȻʶʶˣǳɾǸһԺӡ
½ʱӦǴǰæֱסȥ
ҡͷԺҲס˱ӵǹȥҲס£˱ضڸ鿴סȥ»ǡ
½ЩˣǸô죿
ѰǰæȥϽǡƳۼ͵Ҳ벼˾˽а壬һбǾͰȫˡ
ͷЦЩϢҹʱţʱƺãԲ˿Եʱ
á½ͷСүպҪÿ
΢΢һЦȻӱʮ겻ҾбʴŽյóĳӣڶնп壬˭֪ʱأ
̶ʱһǻԺţ뿴ŵ˱ſڵȺûñƼǽȥ
־ƽԶˣѧʶ˵ˣڹԺſ뼾̸㱻Ȼˡ
ԺУʱԺﻹλ˱൱һʱ̸
ǸϤһЩЦʵ¹ʱ󡣡
־ֵʶѣֱ˵ǡ
һλղ־Ƴ˲־һȻʼʲô鷳˵ܰæǶ
̾˿ȻĶԹ˵˳һλͬżȻ̸ֻڼϸûϤ֮ˣԽչǰæհҹֵܽϵı
ʵ֪ЩǿѣϾֻ밲ȵĿԣ˭Ƿǡ
ǳĬֻ㣬ʵڲֻհȥͷպһޣȻҹʱȥֻܲܽͲ˵ˡ
ʱղ־˶һۣȻæǰˡ


 55 

, ϧ˵ΪΪݡ
ղ־ʵҲݣǶ˵Թ, ˭֪Լѵʱ
뼾̸ԷдţձضΪʱύ, պ˭ϵǡ
ûоۣ˾
־, Ȼ, ԾɿԿճһ䷿λ̨ɰȿҲͲˡ
ҡͷ, л, ڸ鿴һǵ֪סˣʱۼλ̨ܵüλְæĳѾָмʵסˡ
˶ٿݺ½, ̾, ʵԵңֺ½ֲ, ǱӦ
˵ݱһ, ýձһߵ, ضһģοϷŹҡ½޴ԹסһЭղȥ
½æҡͷô, ½ɲ
ղһ𽫱Ͼһ˾Ͷһ
һȥʰǡ½üҵҪǵҪΡ
ҡͷҪԸҲ㡣һЩҺͱֵİȫͽղˡ
½ԾɲģԼɼ˵ҲԵһֱǼ뼾Եϵرܲܣôֻˡ
½߬ȭͷǷģҶЩܽ
ʵǵǿԱܿԽкüգܲһֱˡҪĻҪΨһεǴ˴θϸΰĹԱܹ
˵˳ŵʱ䣬Ϊ㹻ʱ䴦£ǽŵʱҲһЩ½һʧ̬þ͸ϽͷĴֺȥ
ԵǼԱ˵ǲں
ʮ½ͷû˵ʱᵽղ־ˣǱԺֻ˼ͺݡ
ıī𣬼ݣóһݣһݷŵ½ǴΪܡ
׼ӣȺհҹʱõġ
ʮһ˯£ҹʱҹĳǺһЩʳ׼ˡ
ſǽͷۣʱſٲȻ˰ΧˡڲԶĽվżˣƺӣүڽƺվżˣ᲻󣿡
û⣬ȻҪƼùˣϲ׷ûġ
Ǳ½ǳ˺ͬǱ㿪š
ͷΧſڵ˴Լʮˣĸˣֻܼϣ½ܹ˳ĽǽҪһˡ
˴󵨣ǰΪֻΪŷƷС
Ψһľ½ǣȻȴǵĵȻûȥЩȺ塣
еһУסܵģձضһһȥ
Ǵ֮ˣҲ֮ͬġ
ͺݶĬĬ½ǵľ룬Ȼѹү½үǵͬˡ
վݵ߰ɡ
Ŵ򿪣ͷƺûˡ
֪Щ˶ſڵֻǳȥȭͷ͹ӿ¾Ҫ
ȳţԾûж
֪ԷڵͺݣЦһŹżȻżͬʱӷɿĳԱߴȥ
һһߣͬһʮսһ
վںڰедѪķߺޣߺ޼õһУûмʦѧõѧûмܰѽȢؼأϾ˼ֻҪԸ⽪󴨿϶ȲĽ˼޸
һϰ޲üȥ
ҲףԱڼϸҲܽ˴ַֻͨʽü޷μԡ
ֻҪܹˣôͷһٺҲô
Щ˷ܣվԭȫ̲ס
Ե˿Żսһսս֣߰ɣȥԺˡ
мƳһۣЦʲô¶ͷûȥ¸ʲô
˵Ҳ˵ˣһȴ˵ļǣ̫СҪֻ죬ҪЩǡ
ſڵļҲǱܼ尾ǱñԼ˺һ˽յҲͱ뿼ˡ
ޱȵͷϱĵ
һһͷϣ̧ͷƼͬһЩӰŻѶ
Ǿ·ǰˡ
ǿʱҲˣ϶ʱһ㶣ûĸ۵Ķ½˺ģʱǲܱץסǾͲˡ
ߺ޵ܡ
Ȼֹ̫һͬڱסͬһҲгŵʿˡ
ʱЩˣæ㵽ǽǶ
Ȼʿ˶࣬־Żѣת˲͵ſڣ˭£
½ָָͺݵүλµͬնҪμ֮ˣȴĳžϴˣүɵõǡ
ͷľүۼͺݣ˹ʱ˷ɢңѪۣһǳ˿ġ
µΪүĵҲŵýеĹˣվɪɪ
үȻҲƼˣüʵ˭
ɫһף֧֧¡ǼֵͬءعһȥԺ
Ҳ׷Ӧǡ
Ȼȴү죬ֵȷͬ°֮ʱǱվ˷ܣ²ɵĲЩͽǶԷЩͽε֪סܾ׼ſֻҶֶȴ޶ã
󼱵֣ƽչϵ㲻Ҳң±ͺãԲ㣬˴ҡ
ЦΪүЩ˱֪žүܻĳһ
ʱʱѾ磬Ծүүʱ磬ҵܷȥμԣ
үÿ·ͷȻ
俴ģֺΪ֮
Ŀӣ䡣Լ£Ҫȥμԡ
תߣͷүȴ嵶סǲߡ
үҾȻһ뿪
˺ͬͷͷȴү˵ʲô
ЦҪϸûй
߰ɡݱ߱ϵԾɵƺ룬ݵûô׷ġ
򴽵֪
½ȴЩŭǽ֮¾ôˣ
Ρղ־Ҳ½˵Щ֮£ԴЦٳǹٹ໤ûȨûƣٸվ߲֣ΨһܹεɽֱĲʹȨ󣬷ֻܾ֮պ
ЦƾǵҪ⵹̫ˣֻǾеƷǿܶҪһʱȥҿܻȥ֮ǰʹһˡ
γ֪Щֻ֪Ҳ޷ͻǰֻʱ˲ã󣬼˿̾ŨŨĽ֮С
ǷᣬôضҪܷɵƲãȴ֪֮²нԾвˬ졣
˴ȥԺͶˣҲɴ˿㲻ˡ
˿̬Ժȥ
ڲ֮ǰͻȻбѪȵĻͬǰһ㣬þòͻ
δΣ＾˴ĻˣĪ˵ԣС¶Σա
氢ҵĺƽֻǸΰˡ
ֽ̧ͷϵĺȥ¾þòߡ
е̥ƺܵĸ׵Ĳ΢΢Ķţϣĵƽ
ûµģһûµġ
һ˵˹ԺںʱȻҴҶ
ȻϲÿԾˡ
Цһ˵ʧ仹ΡһԽڽ¡
Ҳÿʱͬɱ֮𡣼ƳĿ⣬еķ߿ƽ¶һĨڱصõЦ
ûʲôȿθܴ̼ˡ
̬ԽƽȣʱҲԽƽȡ
Ҳ֪ǲΪ̼һĿ˳е¶ˮһǳɡ
ʱͷһ˿·ʱԾһĨЦ
ͷǺһ֣īڿŨصī
һˡ
ͷûñȵ½ͺݣ֪ղ־˵İæǲûеˣֱȥ
ݺ½Ȼ֪жμ֮£Ǹ˵ǰ˽ղûμӿԣҲһ
ɫˡ
˵ԽΣֻ˱֪ɹ½˵ߵûֻ˵Ƹˡ
½һ㶣ʱô˵жƵһɶˣ
ͺƺȣǲҶҪˡ
λ᲻жһٶ޲ýʬΡ
ڹʱΪûֱӽҶϣʡȥܶ鷳
Ƴ½һۣ뵽кκġ˵˱ݸ½ӳء
½ˮһҧԣӳأҾͲܳʢ˥Ҿ͵ǵùʱ侮ʯ
ףԣʹˮ
½źЩ
ڶȥлղ־ˣԼԺһȥ¥۾¡
ȴȣĽΪٽڣ֪Ρ
棬̬ܿϰαսһԡ
ʮռ˰ȫ˹ԺˮأҲںԺһڡ
̫ŽĶƤһθһΣĽҪӰˡ
ǼڼңǵҲĺǿֹ֣ֻȹЩӼˡ
Ȼʮһ磬һʹˡ
֪Ҫˡ
лҪ˵Ū˳齱С~

 56 

Щ, ϱӵʮ궼ǵԽʮ߾Ҫˡ
ӡŮӶԱ, ԶڼϸʱҲոտԣºӶˡ
Ȼֱַ, 浽ӵʱƲסѹ
ΪʲôҪôСӣΪʲôӵʱߡ
һʱѲô, Ͼʱûʸġ
ԽԽ, һʹһůӿʱŵֱӿˣ, Ҫˡ
ҲС, ŵһڵϣ˲ʰȾܣһһߺ, Ҫˣ
ͻȻеô졣
ûһ̫һܹ, ˼ڴæ£, ȥˣ, ɡ
Ϻͼ̫֪ͷһ̥, һһİο
ǵȴһ㶼ȥӶôСӻ᲻Ѳ᲻Ѫ, ûϷôء
ԽԽ£ԽԽ룬޵ĺòҡ
϶һĳʹʱЩȥȥܼ尾
Żû̫æðȥϸ׼ţŪˮŪӪҧĶ
ȶ̫ԲҲˣٳЩȻû
ͻȻһʹ˵ͻȻùһʲôˣɥˡ
һ亢ӵ໵һɤ쳹ӡ
ͷŸս˷ţӵĿȵôˣ
סļ̫Ҳعæƿӱ˳
ʱ㱻ϺʵûźӡŽһָ۵ϲ̫̫ϲ̫̫˸Сӡ
˵ŲİѺӰ˼ֿ̫ʼ
ɵɵڴôĶ֪˶ӣ
ѷˣ
ͻȻһͿôǰѷˣ
һˣһ˶ˣŸǲԣеŮ˶ӣզ⽪ϰ廹ˣǱҲΪ˰
૵ˣˡ
ɶˣ̫ϱŸǺΪʲôÿĶ
Ҳ˵ֻĿŴĵȻҪġ
ԣΪʲôҪޣôˣǳں£μǰٰ˳˼ӰˣĶҪǳɷɾԵôȡ
˰οת˲佪ԼͨˣǳĿ졣
Ȼ̫Ͼͷֽˣ۾ҲˣȻǾ͸ɻˡ
ǾýӰǸͿˡ
ӵҶӺÿ𣿡
̫ҲˣЦеÿÿأСʱһģһ˵ѺӷŵϽˡ
ôһ˵Ҳͦ˵ģһͷͶһͰͨСͷʱˣ⡢ģ
̫ԣǰƣÿ
ÿ
ģҲ˵ĳڣҲкÿ
һȺХ
Ϊۻˣ˱ٿԾͰ͵ģ
˵ʵһ˲еͼͦÿģôĶô
ǲĿ⣬̫ЦӸճʱȹͺÿˡ
ŶһȻƼ۾
ӵ۾ںӸǰĶ۾ôο˽ĸ׵ġ
ûã۾ƯģôԺӦҲˡ
ԵСӤҲЩ£ôֻˣ
һСӤ
Ŭ۾ҪǰŮˣôҲǱСӤĻŮ˾ˡ
Լһ类ĸҲŰ
һҪĸߣƾнʿΪߵλòֶΣҲȥˡ
Ҳˣֱ֪ԼǴһУΪ˺Ÿɶõķ
֪ʵҲǲںޣǰҪһһˣû뵽ˣȴôһ
̾˿СӤ㣬ûЩ±˯ˡ
ȻûɶҲˣԺ˯˹ȥ
ͬʱڼϸСԺмԭڲߵģȴͻȻӿ죬Ȼ˯
Ƿʲô
ͷչãģҲûΣΪλ
˯ˣվؿԾܹܵ˯еĸоü٣ȴԵɡ
ͷͻȻ𽪾Ųƺʮգѵǰˣ
ЩѹʱȻûߣǰͲӣҪ߲֪ж̿֡
֪ȥǸĹʵҲֻ޺Ĳʱߡ
Ҳ˯ˣԺ£ûһݴƼԺ﷢Ҳһ㶣˯ˣ
ҡͷ˯ˡ
һ£飿
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ûжʣֻ۰СԺܿͻȥˡ
˵Ǻܿ죬ȥҲþˡ˶û˵Ȼ񣬰µױɷ̣ǼȻμԣĶܹо١
ȥӹȻǺãɴž˵ٹȥǸã
˯Ѻͼ̫ڴǰźӣˣæ˽չ˽š
̫ˮܹ֮ǰǶúһȽϺá
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𲻺˼̫СİѺӱŵ첲ϵȳȥ顣
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ԼԼӣ⿪֪ӸϣͶš
ЩˣСɣ㲻ԹԵ
СӤǰҲǳˣĿٴκ̣ʱսͼ졣
ȻĻһ㶣Сɣ
զ֪ǷɣѲҲˣ
뵽һЩ£ʱЩͷԼŵһЩ͸˷չأһҲǵһ¶ƨĵԣĹҲˡ
ҪĲ̣ôУ
Ϊ̵Ͼˣϳԣ־ҶҾ͵㣬ܹܲ
˽Ͼ˰ʹɱﵡޡ
˺ѷεĿ̫˽һ±ƣϺȡ
Ҳú޹ұѾίˣûôһǲǣ
Ȼ޷£޵˺ѷΣƱҪ֪ľġþҲܳġ
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ҪҲѧ˼Ҹι
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żĲϣ˵սԾụ̂Ҳȡ
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ȵ̡
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ȴ⺢ӲķɣѸ㡣ôԼܲܶǣյĹͰ͵Сˣȷÿ࣬ԽԽÿơ
ȻԶԼҵĺã֪ǷԾɾԼҵĺá
ʵԼҲ㲻ΪξзɣֻǱʶá֮һ仰ôΪûɡ
һ˼պͽ˼ֻ£ʱǲ⺢˻ûдŸ߼ء
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Ͼе˼ҲȲĸûˮʱֻܺҲι
㲻ˣŴдŸ
Ѿ˰ʮˣѾգҪȷŰԿԵԱҲδ뿪ϸѵõʱֵ֯ʫĻᣬ˵ĻѣʵΪ˶ύ
괺Щһ˽ʿôǱͬ磬ͬƽʿͬٳҪûǿ󱳾˵
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εĽ龭˵ˣį¹ȥ˲ҲգҲȫΡ
κܶ˶ƶӵڿƾ֮·ϱͼĴôϼѡ
ŵʱ֮˦һϣԼȫˣĻȻҲڳ
Ǳȥ£·ϣҲֹϾ˦֮˼ҾãûʹöЩȥΧŹ
Ҳұ׼˼ƴ󣬲ܹǵģԼ֪Ҳ޿κΡ
㷢ֺЩ˶ԶˣԭļҲʼԶ
żΧŵˣаޣһڲ
ȻұϾտԣδţĻʫҲֻǼ򵥾ٰ죬֮ͣһҪ飬һЩҾƶ֮Ѿ׼ˡ
ҲƣҲڲǻȥĺʱֻʱЩٿЩ
תۼ䵽˰¶ʮˣһչԺǰ죬ڵ˷Űʱˡ
ͺݵһˣϴ£ƷŰȥȻδţͷһƣһСվ⣬ʼ๫סڴ˴
æǣСǣ
СЦǶǼϸˣǰЩȥˮ̣Ͻϰ๫һŹ
˵С˴ӻȡһŽ򣬡ż͵¸ǡ
һҵæ˽ȥүˡ
ͽŵĶȻһͻǰЩӵĸоӦӦ˵ġ
ȲչżּԾɺܳ󣬵һ۱֪ӽż
ź˫Ŀᣬ˵ҵˣҵˣ
Ȼǡڴʱͷĵϲϲ
ݵ˾һϲֻͬղ־ˣȻϲǳģȻоˡ
ϲˮغݸɽԵʮ
ϲƽԶղ־ɽԶʮ
ϲ½ɽԵһ
һıϲ֮ϲʤ½ԭΪԼо٣ȴ뾹ȻоˣµĩβҲǾүˡ
½˷ܵıˣоˣоˣ
һֱɫĺҲ˱飬΢΢ĹţǷӦϲ֮лδм֡
˶ʱȻʱϲ˵ſڣݺ½òȥӭӱϲ֮ˡ
Цǿȥӭӱϲ֮ˡ˵ִߴٳϽ׼õĺɰóҪͱϲ֮ˡ
ϲ֮ˣûеȵģ½Щţżв˾٣ǼԼҲΪԼв˾٣вˣһҪԵɡ
˵ֵȵʱͷִϲ֮ĵֱ߶
ѰоٿɲĿܵĿıضǽԪ
˶ʱ٣ĵ˽ǰ
ŵȫǺˮû˲нԪҲ⡣
ոյ֪ӣнԪⱲӶֵˡ
ϲϲؼɽԽԪ
лҪ˵齱ͦ棬´μ~

 57 

ͷ𽥽, ½˷ܵҾ֪У
Ҳ, ѵôЦ⣬ߣϽӭӲȥ, Ҳ׼á
ʱӣھ, Գ, ѷúã͸
Ҳ˷ܣϾ˾Ǹйⲻǡ
۴, þὫоٵĻ¶, ЦŽŵϹֵϲүϲү
æó죬ĽϲĲߡ
һ˵ԪϲĲֹһ, ȻߺϲĲ, Ҳգǳʹĸ졣ЩѰûн, ÿ֮ϲǸԪϲΪҡ
Ǯ, , ϲߣԺʣиϹϲղ־ˡ
ղ־˱֪дպǰ̲û뵽ƾƶӵ˽Ԫ
Ҫ֪ʱũӶʵ࣬ܿȻ, Ͼƶ븻Ӳͬӵ̻ҲǮϯС̵ƶӶʼտĶԼ
ղ־Ͳ־Լ壬ɴҲûԹۡǵԹۣԪ֮¾ҪҲлʶԪˡ
ǵ˷ܣʵҲܼȴйǿҵٶȻصˮȥ֪ӺͼϢ
Ҳ֪Ҫ뻹õȼգΪպ¹ˡ
½ЦǸӣϸǴһ١
Ժס˴ȴˡ
־ͬ񣬲ۣʱҲЦ½˵Ĳ˭ףר׼Ԫ
ҲСһӣǾȥʢ¥
һӦ֮׷˵
ʢ¥䲻Ǽϸľ¥ݻ̶Ҳͬһ㣬־˵İæΪһٳԵĲ
ʱãм˰æҲԵæҡ
ʱæ꣬ղ־˱ɤӿЦһٿ治óԣһ۸Ǻ
½Цãʹԣˡ
εǾܳԾǣҲǡ
ԪÿһϸϰѾôˣլԺķȴܼôԪƫƫһסԺǼҪǷ͹ˣǹϲһȻ˵լԺ׸ססʲôʱסʲôʱ򣬲ҪǮˡ
½Ȥϡ۽Ԫүְɣ
Цλү˵ĲСʵ˼
˵̹ҲƾܣϾ֮ǰ˵õģԱ÷ٹ
˳ʢ¥ȥ
յĺʢ¥ҲбԶͷֵ
˵˽ǰǻȴλүԲסˡ
ˣ½۶¥¥żҲˣ
ƶһӦˣˡ
ɶ¥Ծûˣɼ˵Ϲˡ
Ҫ˵ͻȻƳ¥Ӱһû˱ˡ
½˵ͱȰס߰ɣǻطиʺĺܡ
λүôءƶʱãüˡ
Ƴ۶¥ȻסҵȼˣҲ˵ֻϣʢ¥жĻܳȥ
ƶʱ׹ǰΪˣվû
վʲôҪҪˣ
¥ƹĳæѵп˲Ͻվſʲô
ղ־˶ʱˣԭǻƹŵġ
½ƹ˵ûˣ¥Ҳûиء
¥ƹȻȻΪ˵ЦӭӼš
ҡͷǲȥˡ
˵꼸תͷȥ˲Զľ¥
ϸΪɽֱʡ󣬾¥ʤһʢ¥ĲѡͲͨ쵽о¥Ļƶˡ
ǱõˣǲԸϾõǶôùһ¡
˸뿪ֵǲһεĽԪҼǵüôſˣҵȻʶһء
ؾ¥ƹȻվסǸεĽԪ
ƹæȥǻƣеŭʱȼ
˵ļǸȥƣһʶһҲǺõġ
˻
⻰һ׷ӦͣǱ͸ս¥ֱӳȥ׷ȥˡ
̸СҲ١
ʱѧʺõˣԷȻǽԪֻҪ귢ٲһ׽ʿЩһ׶пܡ
ɽֱǾͬʱύʱһųȥˡ
ƹˣλү
ˣ
λүæȥſڵ˲ֹô£ôˣ
Ǿһ߰ɣ¥ء
ȻƹԽԽĿˣûҲˡ
ƹһڻƵϣɵĺ£ȥ
һŻˣæڵġ
ʱ¥һĻæȥæ
¥Ϊ˽Ԫ鲻˳˹ֱһŽ˳ȥ
վھ¥ſԽԽ˳żȥķȥǺ޵ҧгݡ
뿪ʢ¥ȥ˲Զһ¥
¥ʢ¥£װҲƣҲ٣ǰƹӭֱӽ϶¥
˸ż±ţһȴϵöԷԷȴϵֻ˵ʶһ
ŵĹϵܲҪԷԷ׼ֻǿֵֻƼԪڴ˱кˣǱ㲻ţֻĻᣬϣʱܹԪ
ȻӦ£߽һ
ֺĽߡ
˭֪ûûˣʱˣֱ½Ŵȥ
ڷ֮û˹ˣȻһٷԵĶ
ȻǶΪμȴ
ͷ֪ڶʽҲ˾٣ӰȴǽԪܹġ
֮ľۻضҪƵģ˺ݳ⣬ôá
ȴǵξƲմʼΪȾ ڼҲˣǲϺȵġ
ڴҶϤΪˣҲûб
ƹѲţȴǾ¥ƹ˼
½ѳףӶѾ꣬ղ־ʮȻҲѾף־ͱȼСһЩδס绨Ĺֱɵˡ
½ʵͦһλ㣬żɫÿסˣûҪˣ߰ɡ
ƹȴЦǶҵ֪Ԫڴţ˼λ㣬վƲͬЩǶģǮ
һǮ½ЩĶˣ๫ҲЩĶղ־ҲЩ⶯
ۺݵҪ£ǲҪġ
Ҳá
־Ҳæ֣ҲҪһͷҪˡҲԲ¡
ǼҪȴ˹ơ
ղ־Цµù𣿡
ҡͷҴӦӴҲᶯŮˡ
ֻơ
һҲС
һԵĺָӵ±ҪҸʰˡ
ղ־Ǽӵı֣ʱЦ
ﶼǼϸ¥ģ˵ԪȻˣֻϧԪǡ
µλżԪòʱ˼ӿĿڼЩƿ
һٷԵĻ㾡ˣλƹߺ¥ܾ¥ĶݣָһӦЯȥ
¥¥˴һͷΧñŮż뿪ķЦ⼾ԪЩ˼
Աһȴߣҵóһûʲôõġ
ŮЦһ͹𣿡
лҪ˵㿴дһ~

 58 

Բɵһ, Ҳòɽֱ½ԪĵȷÿҲˣĲȻֲʧ֮, 괺Ҳʡ
ԵŮӣϲӺɫ÷, ҲֻɫھһӵΪٮٮ߲ŵõתۼ䣬˺ɫ֮ġ
ŮԾɳճյĿżȥıӰֱƲ, Ÿпһ, һû׳ԪǼˡ
̲ס, ͸Ƕʮ, Ѿɻˡ
ŮӲΪüΣ
䣬ǰЩ, ֻ
˾¥ݵ, ¥㡣
ûвδͷЦ, ߶
û˵⼸һֱ߼ʶ, һƳ, ڶ¥ߣĿڼϵġ
ǰӣĸߴѰǰһεĹ, һ˫˫ЦЦʱһȻưС
ֻϧũң;ƱҪѣҪڸźǰǲ
ȻȢΪޣϣպΪ
Ҵ˴˳о٣ҲһϿһ໥Ӧ
סղ־ȥʱ˵Ҳ˾١
һò˼顣
伾ĲԶʱʲô״̬һԼа״̬кóɼȴ˾٣ȻǰʮҲں֮ǰ
ǶһԺģ˴˼ʲôˮ׼һ
ݵȷǺԺģǼڶ飬ϼʶ㣬ѧ𹦿°빦һֱԺ飬ѧԺеȷ̳Ǳһġ
ȴں֮ϣⲻɵǲɡ
ȻǼ˳ɼȴû⣬Ҳ˵ð˵Ŀ
ѾȥպǡҾҪǰǣھ常ڱضжղֲպϻ±־룬Ī˱û⡣
ǲġղ־ü˱עڣͷܹġ
ǲǸ㲻ҡʮӶʮ˭֪ʮǷھ׶֮أҪǴ˳нʿȻڳΪ٣һҲ
ղ־Ӧһȴòñܻ佻£Ǳǡ
˵ֹˣֿݵʵҲвĿռ䡣
˵£
Ӧһǣǻȥ˵
صСԺԺһأ˵Χǰü˼Ǵȥ˵Գɼ٣ٴ˵ӿУ
ҡͷɡΪֻһپܳ£
Ǳֵ˼ǡҲЩͿˡ
Цܵٲɣ常Ҳûô˴˵׼ֻ常ʶϾڵطϺòǲͬȥ޾֪ˣһʱϲŻҲɱ
ǰ˵ĻƵƵͷһȴ̲סǳ鴤뽪ǱãԴ˵ķӶһġ
½ȴúⷨӺãȻǰ·Ҷȣ
ЦЦȴע⵽ɫ죬ôⷨӲã
ǵǡ̲סֺ½ֿɻǵʱ󱻴һ£
½ûӦȴЦˣɵģ
ͷһɵġ
½ֱ㡢͵ã
Ȼ뽪𣬵־ӸЩǰ֮һǱһǺѣǷԼɲ¡
·һ١
½ȹƵͷҲôɡ
Դ˼ûкβסԴС˾͸С˵ķӣȻ⵹֮ǰһֱίɣ
ڵģԲС
˵ҲٶԣԻطϢ
˶˾٣һλԪڣһڶյյʱǲμĻ˸Ķࡣ
ڼԵĵյɽֱʹ˵ĽӼͷԵǣʹļнӼҸ˵˼仰԰һȦ
벻ͨʹ˵İţ˽˲ʹе԰ӡ
ʹΪһʡ٣סȻͻȪԱߣɫ˾빱ԺŶԶȻ԰ľҲһһĺá
ȴû˼;һֱصŲʹʱĿ⡣
ЩһѾƺϷʣ
벻ױ·׻ȴһ֪·Ǵ·ĻһûС
԰Ĵ󣬵һɽȻƼԶʯƺվһŮӣΪǲʹϵŮͣ²ǰ
֪ϵŮȴȻüͷ΢Դ·˵ʹйæ±ȸˡ
˵ǼԪԺƬ̣Сȥѯʲʹˡ
˵꾹¼ֱȥ
ԽԽŮӣй֮иȴδòʹĴ𻰣ǲ߿Ƽһ벼ʹϵŮദҲǡ
Ůŵ˽ǰԭ·طɿĳʹڵ鷿ȥ
Ŵ࣬˭֪ᷢʲô顣˵ԼڣѾӣҲԽ˵޵ڶˣܸ˻ڵĻᡣ
֪ԷĿģȴĿǹϽߵ飬ٲȻһ˵ı顣
ǲҲͷϷ뿪
ɿ룬ŮӽҲӿٶȣвɰգſڱ㺰Ԫ
һԷţӲͣһ·ͳʹ鷿ȥˡ
ʹ鷿ǰԺŮӦҲ׷ǰԺȥ
һֱ˲ʹ鷿ͷ˿һ̧۾ͼʹ㻳վǰЦԪǼˣ
üͷһװɵδˣֻ·֮˳ٳδ飬һвڲʹϵ԰Իʹ¡
㻳һҲûˣȥ
˵Ŵ鷿һСˣһӵ˽ǰ㻳ɽֱĽԪ괺Ǻӡ
ǡŵǰԺ
֪ԺȴƼ֮ǰŮӾǰԺƼʱŮдŭʲôʲôˮ޲ɣ
ӵŭֻԷ΢΢ʧȥ
Ůպ޵ĿȥıӰҧȻƶһۣҵǷ
˲ʹϣź֪Լһ亹
һҲδ뵽ŮӣɶԷܽгȻǶ˽⣬Һܿǲʹ˵׾졣
ԪߺáС˽ӵݸת˸
˲ͷĺҲСԺ
ʹڣ㻳ͬĿŮӵԪд֮ˡ
ŮӲΪȫڱصõЦ⣬Σҿ߲·
㻳εҡͷ⼾Ҫʧˡ


 59 

ԭԼôӲʹϳȥ¥μĻ, üѾȫ˼ȥˡ
صСԺóȥҺ˵һһԺ˼¡
ŮӴŻʰȻ, ͨٻ˼ҵŮӡΪʹԼŮ¡λ̫͵˼ֲʹĶʹֻ˵Ůݸ߹
֮ģһ鷳, 뿪ʹϹҪ磬Ӧòϡ
Ҳ鷳
ΨһıŮ˴¡
ת˲𽪾, ֪ŮӶ, »ᡣûкܴźӽӻСֻܶ·ˡ
¶ݺ½ȴͷ, ͷղ־, ˼ȻԺб˿
ȵôˣ
û˵裬½ȴ㡣
Ц, ¡
Ҳ, ׷˵Ļ֮£½̲ס, ҿûȥҲȥ, ˺ôͷ, 괺ǿɲֹܿˡ
ͷĻỵ̂ЦǿɲԣܹԪͲ, Ҳ˵һףŸҷĴ󻰣Ҳͷ˵˵ԽߵԽң֪ĻƷھǶô˲Ĺء
־½׷Ц⻰еʱ򿴿ǡ
Ƕˣж˵İȻ׷֮׶Ʋ˵ġĽѧʺõˣԪδ˵󻰣һʮĵ
֮ԱǵģҲδ֮·ϡ
־ȴԼȥʹ֮ȤȻʹŮӵľʱѡ
ҲδȾｲ˽Ҳ͹ȥˡ
˶ˣȴûźݱƳĲԾֱʵˣ
Ҳû֪ݼʶ㣬ЩϺܸõ⡣
˼Ƭ̱㽫֮˵Ҹҿ϶ʹǹȥ԰ӣ֮ǰҲԪ벼ʹǲʹѧʣȻЩīֽ֮ıˡȥ֮ҲЩ裬ʹȴʹ˴ȥ԰ӣ;·֮˻ȥƺƺһ㡣
˶ٵŮδȴܽгҵ֣ˡ
벻ͨȴھ¥֮£ɻǵմӾ¥˵֮£
һҲֻǵʱδ棬ѲɴǴεйأ
üͷԼʵڵùףԼ˽ԪĪմȾЩ鷳¡
뵱㲻ֹһζ˵ÿʱԼһźÿϲȴҲΪ鷳¡
ɫɫܲÿ
ͷǵãֻϣ괺˳˳Īٷʲôˡ
ȴҹͬԷܿϼʹĶһʡʹɷһܹˣǶԷܷãĵı׷ȥֻ˼ҵĹﱾǸŴеŮӣұǾˣǼ鷳ˡ
뵽ıãò˵Ҳб£ΨһȱݱǼڴϵҲС˵ھˣضţֻǸŻ˵һ˾ٻ˽ʿضˮǴߡ
һ̺ݾȻЩԼõˣҲ˾٣뼾һҲΪÿżˡ
Ȼ뼾ϵҪѡȻվԼߵġ
Ȼ⻰Ҳ˵ȻϽ¸˵ԶԷ⣬ҾĹ۲켾ԽνġкŮЩŹֹ֣һ˵𽪾ʹ۸ġ
ԽӦ¶ʹСҲѿһܿɹ
ݿż࣬Ī˹һ
Ҳ룬ⲻʵ̫С벻ĸס
ϣԼ㱻ˣܹ˳нʿȻʦæͨһȥطĸ٣ʱܴŽĸӹˡ
֪Ҳ۲ֻһһˡ
ڶձ¹磬˴׵ղ־Ͳ־һȥ˾ŵȺȥμ¹硣
μ¹Ĳ½ˣп١ٵȹԱʼƴ϶½˲ΰٺ͸٣پǾ˼ܹ໥ʶϾɽֱǱͬ磬պٲ
˵Ƭ̱۳ǽ벼˾ţΪԪȻվǰ棬Ŷӽ롣
ԺУжӵȺƬ̣ٺ͸ٵȹԱɺɺǾ˰ݷΪԪҪݵֻ١
üĿƣ֮²Ҷ¶ԣЩԱӸλھǹٳмܼǵʱµĺԸ
귿֮ΪԪܵٵͬĴ
Ϊòã֥ع㣬ٵ˶ΪȡýԪڸʫһףһʱ
¹ʷϲͳһ涨ȴҲγ˲ĵĹ涨徭ϣС
ٵ˼˼֮㶼˳ϯıֻʣ½һٶʮˡ
Щȫɽֱе̳֮ǰĻбвʶû˿ٵ˸ڣ໥
ԼһģҲһ۾۵ġ
ΧڼߵҲһһӦԲС
ʼյİţǸǰսӵ飬ҼӸΪµ˼Դһ̷磬굽˾ǣٿžۡ
ȻձҪ̷磬ôȻҪʰң˳һЩϸزٲμĻˡ
뼾ĵȻҲ׷׸أֿν˫ϲˡ
ϲϲ
һƬά֮Զаޡ
ٳִ֣˾Ͳճˡ
ȻҲ׵ķȥ·;ңԶ·˭֪ʲôأ
ƾˡ
¹ɫȻ磬δ־𽫺ݺ½ȥ
ڶڼϸɹӦ˵Ǽɹ³һ磬˱׼ˡ
ǰٳã뼾·ϸʱסδӦ𣬱ȥ
ʱƽʱȴȲ˼ӣ˼ĸף˼Ǹճ֪ɺģĶӡ
Ҳ֪Ƿ˳Ƿĸײ졣
ֻϣһһ۱㵽ˮأʵϴϿȥͷԾ·;
ڱǵĶӣ˲ĸ鵹Ĺ˳ޣԾĲӡ
ͷһεﲢʲô֮Ϻͼ̫Ц˵⺢治Сʱ˵ܿࡣһ࣬ڻҪҪǲҲˡ
СӤ⻰־ļƷһֱû䣬Ҫıˣֱ׳˵⻰
ʹһӤȨû³ɤӿһޡ
֪͸һļƷָͷĶӣޣҿҾ͸ᣡ
ݺݵڽסˣˣ㲻ء
ָͷӼСƤЦԡ

̫۸ˡ
лҪ˵ҼұգԸҷɣɣֳ~

 60 

ʱ򽪾ԼҲ, ƺϲޣ˸ճʱ޵ǼɤӺҲû޹
󽪾ΪɴдС츳, ԲŲޡ
̫Ц£вҲġ
Ц, ղŻҪޣͲˣ
ʵ볶ɤӿ, ڳ, ǽǼ˿ɲǲСӤһɵǾ鷳ˡȻⱲ־ˣҲ뵱ɵӰ
̫εЦ, Ȼ, Ҳ֪ʲôʱ⺢Ӷ˻ûء
ӣѾ³ˣ·Ҫߺü, Ҳÿˡ
˵Ѿɹо, Ȼ÷ˡЦ͵ŵͺá
̫һ뵽Ҳ˷, ˵ûﲻҲں, ֻҪгϢá
, ͷͻȻ˷ܵܽˣңүˡ
ʱ˷ָͷӼ, Զӣˡ
ڻأôôоأ
ף̫ѾŽӶȥˣǲܳȥģֻﰲĵš
ûͷ˵ŽŲ߹
յķűƿƼҴҽʲôִҴҳȥˣٳȥǰһ仰Ҵ
æ˱ˮԡһ·糾ͼͺӵȷáˮϣ˵ˮԡ
Լʰˬ½ӣ̫ǳĽŹϲûиȥ
˷ֱѾˣ˸ȶͷһΡ
ҹ˾ʱֹһεֺγǡ
վڴǰŽĿЦһˡ
һǶӡ
ЦӦˣڴһŽһ߿ӣ㡣
Ӷ뿴ˣֻ뿴š
˶һҲٿˣٺվȢӣֻԼܹþõ˼ֻ뿴Žһ̶Ų
СɼʱѾ
ļÿ˵ʼ޸ҲֻΪĺÿˣڼҽһָʹתĳĿ¡
ԭĸϵûԾܾˣû뵽ֵҲˡ
ﾹȻϵܺõӣǵһʼնϲģ
˭ܸǰƷô
ǰ
ﶼһˣǼ
һ˲Ĺܶʶļãˡ
¹ǲãĵýܸˣ˵ʱ˲١
˵Գ󽪾лˣԵڼ
ԼЦˣô֪ǵڼǼʮϰأ
գգ۾ΪҷĲȻǲǰһǿϹۡ
ĻŵˣȻʲô˵⻰ҪǱ˴˳ȥ˵˾õùŰɣ϶Ҫѵģعصˡ
Ȼһֱ̼ˡ
һҺο۲ϹΪνҵͷԪ
Ԫ
һȻ˵ı飬Դ˵һըˣμ˻˽ԪΪԼˣϱҲμȻûоء
ôڵʲôΪʲô͸Ź죿
˹֣æչĴڼ룬
٣ðƣ⽱ʵ̫ܡ
㻹ǻžžأѾûܾˡ
ûݣ趼ûϴòã
֪ɾ϶ܽûݾ׽¶㲻ٶ˵Ǳźˣ֮һ
һǶӺòá
ֺͽ˵һ黰˶ӣ˴ӵĶӵӿ㣿
ҡͷԵĺݣ˸ճʱ˼ɤӼûô޹
ǾͺáǲӾܽѵǣ޾Ͳýš
ЦЦá
̫۸ˡ
ˣ˶֪˾ٻ˽ԪҪ֪ɽֱÿһԪԪܳѾ˲飬˵ǰʮҲûнԪġ
ֻȻȴһֱסˮأǱˮص
ڶһˮصǲ˺ˮ˻δߣصҲ˺
Աȣȥ˵ˣҲˣֻҪ˽ʿҵĹһݺȥ
ˮȴȻˣһֱסˮأѾûҪա
Ǽյĵڶݺ
صĸ̺һˣҲæжѩһˮؼסԺӡ
һλصĸֱӺһλԺӵĵ뼾ȥסǸ̻ǱԺһӦƷ˶׼׵
˵ƺˣһܺѹС˻ΪԪү׼˼绨ĹܽԪүܹ⡣
Ҫ˵ܱߵǰƷʾҲκλȴֱӴ˼ķιӣ֪ǲ¶Ͼ׼պ󻹻С
üͷһ壬ֱϴʾܾǸ̻ȣ׹ԪүǵĽϰ֪£ɲأϰͨŮӣͷԪүΪѵġҽϰӣɲҪ˰æչ˽Ԫү
˵Ķ࣬ԽķУֱӴ޹أҼѾԣ檸ͨԲ֮¡ȽᣬҪЩƻӵĸ顣
⸮ϻ˵ͱ˻ȥλүִˣǱذɡ
Ų˵ˣֻ˵Ժ뼾
ɼλձ㽫˿ͳȥˡ
⸻Ҳߵű˵խݲˣԼ˺ӾԪүͨ˵Ůʵ䲻ϽԪү
нԪ¶ˮغص˶֪Ľд˵ĲѧʶܸнԪŮĽ޵ǰԶķ
ֻҪ괺첻⣬ʿܲ˵ġ
˵ӡееǮеݵ˶ϲ檣㲻ҲռͨԼһˡ
ȻؼҺϷ޶Ȼû檣Ҳźͨ
ǰԶӣٵź֮ˡ
ƫƫд˼֮ԺŲ˵Ϊ׼ǣھ磬ҪȺʱһڡ
Ƿ֪ʱͷѾķз˵ľǽǸģҪȻҲܿôӡ
˵ӲãԪܵķҷ˵ŮӾͲѧϰŮӾ͸͸Լչ˷ʱ͸ðչ˷
۷зͷ˽ʱЩҲ̸ۣƹƹĴǽϰţǺ֣׻ǸŮ˲ǣŮ˻ҪԷΪ죬׬ٶǮʲôãҪΪʧɷģǰԼŮ˻ƣ಻㰡
޶żֹڽʳ˵ڲׯ¥һ˵Ķź򽪾ȻҲ֪ˡ
֪ˣ̫Ҳ֪ˣ̫ʱ˹뼾̫˵ﻰ˼ü̫檡
̫С£ƾˣǷ޵Ӳܵġ
Щ˱Ϊ̫½ȻȥһɲҪ룬ǰͲǸʡ͵ĵƣô޸ģɼ޵ģ
ϺһҲﰵĽף罪ζ񶾣εĲ֪ܹ߳˵ĺʷ׳졣
̫ĲУ㽫뼾˵ˣˣѵ˿Ŀⶼб仯ԭԵɡ
ʱӣɻıа취ȱ¸߾ʲô¶˵
̫Ҳû취ֻܵͷӦˡ
оٵýԪ֮Ǻ£Ǻȴֳʵۡ
˶Žû˴ţѰ˼̫Ͱӣҵû˽룬⼸ֱֶԵȽӵʱ򶼲֪¡
ھʮĵʱõھʮڽʳ￪ˮϯüشŴ壬һﵽʱˮϯ
ˮϯһ˼ҲŻУȻ˾Ǵ£伾ǽԪٰˮϯԸҲĶࡣ
һʮʮ٣˶μˮϯˡ
л˼ûԼҵĹŮƯƯģ¼Ʋϡ
ϣƤɺȥˡ
ɺǲԸȥġ
˽Ԫ괺Ǻ׵ľǽʿʿҲɺڴ޸ɸеٵӴ
ٵﶼ̫̫ҪǿĶࡣ
ԭǿϼģ˭ü˽ԪأΪԼĹŮȽôҲȥԡ
˵ˮһӽƾʲô
ڽ֪ʱһˮϯȻôħ֣Ҵ̣ǱҲ̡
ʮգһֱĬĺؼڲĬˣúֵԽȥ˺ؼҡ
·ϼʵ׺ؼΪȥˣ²Ϊɻ׽ֻΪͷʦˡ
ȻճԼ˭Ȳ㡣
εʲô˼游;˾ѵ֪
Ȼ֪뽪ĸ飬߹ɽӣʶ㣬һӵĵȷûм
ϷǳֱӣҲܱô㲻檣ҪҿɲǲǽԪҿ϶Ҫġ
ȥݡ
ȴǳͬϵ˵ȻֻǵıãĿã۸ãֳȻӲ
ʱý˺ؼңûٶ˵ֵܣɺӺͺү״򷢡
뵽＾ʱһͷۡ


 61 

ԼҪʲô, ͽľڽϣŮ뿴һۡ
κ־ᶨ, ȴ֪ЩҲؼҵ飬Ϊˡ
˵ؼҴ, Ҳ縸ĸֳһĹ
εЦЦźֵܽ˺ؼҡ
ʱؼһүͺӶһ, , Ρ
ˣЦҲ, ʲôֱá
ӺͺүŤ, ү˴ԲըˣһֱӾʵŮ㣬Ҫ𣿡
ȥȸ, Żش, 游ǰ뾸˵, Ⱳӳ˭Ҫ䲻֪ͷĴԴӺζ𣬵ҿԷǳȷĸ, Ҳ檸ͨ, 游;ĸ˾˾ܷıǡ
ᶨĻشүͺȻ˵ҲɣԼͨأôżܹ
伾ǽԪǽʿ, ˵ԵģһЩΪҲˣܹ
ʵǽսҲΪ˱Ƽ˵ԵĻֻϣĶ߶ý޵λϣǺؼҹȻܵĿɽɵȼ˹٣ǵݾͲԵˣһһ̣ζ޷ֿ˵ٵġ
Ƴ˵ĲţǾ˾˺游ţڴġ
˵㽫־Ҫˣæסˣˡ
ͷĻҲû˵ǹȻãҲ˶ӣĻܱ֤λñá
ЩԺʹǵ£˰ˮϯ£ղûô֡
ЩȻȴЩˣ˵õΪüôˣ
ȼߺϱʺݣݵΪؼҺͼǹ̵Ĺϵո׺游̬ǿӲ˼պῴҵĹϵϲ븸׺游ƽϣһԹھأдţĻ̹Щ㵽Ϊֹɣ˵ֻ̫Ҫ֪Ǻؼҵá
϶ЩԾЩ·ϻ
ͬͬЦλòһ𣿡
ϵͷˡ
ȻӦˣȴֽͬӵǮûв檲ͨġ
ǰҲôΪʶ찮ºȴ˲˼룬Ȼܽ˸гֵˡ
϶ԺݵܱΣǲͨģֻҪһ
ݿźϼᶨıЦЦܼס⻰á
뿪ؼұȥˣȥͷԺЩԣҸǿҿһֱܻȥˡ
̫δ֪̾ˡ
ü˭ģ˵˵˵
˵ģ
һ䣬վʹܳˣʮ֮ǰ߲٣վڼǰʱȻһͷȴһ㶼١
ŭż㽫Ž㵽Ǻξģ˵㱾ʹͨС檣ҿˣ
ҹ
ｪ˳պһʰˡ
Լɤӵҵõʰʰ㣡
պһֻûֻż˵㵽׻᲻ͨ
һ춼ȥٺõҲƢûϵʧܣûŽգﲻͣĸԼӵ׵ܵܣɽղģƺø𰸾Ĳݡ
ӵᡣ
ͷ
˫ĿЩͣ⣬ĪҪʡ
üȻش𲢲⣬Ȼһ뽪ڷǳһֻЬһˣ
պߵǡ
ҹղʰ㡣˵ֺ
Ĳ˲ĵӿǧͷĴԲǣ˽һ۵ɻǵӣ
˵꼾æȥˣǧ˭ƫƫûסء
վԭŷż⣬ʱɫһס
ǰԺֻ÷ŭֻ뵽ǰʼȫ˽ڻδӣӵŮǲġ
նʱЩյǰĻȴ̫סˣˣûôСأġ
ｪЦЦĿżң
Ҫ㡭ڨЦ㵣ģŵ㡣
üô㣿
ʱ֪ˡ
ŲֻΪ¼ȻҲĳʲôǲˣǼҲǽոġ
ۼҪˣæһᴦãֻãҶίͨġ֪ģ˭Ҫ
⻰˵ĽҲ˲٣ߵǣôÿ׬Ǯϱ
䣬׵ǣҲûбӸõŮˣŮһǶ֮ˣѻ˵𡣡
ԽĿЦԽԽ˵ˡ
ڴִֵӡĺá
ڴϸ˯Ѿͱ칷ļ
ЩȻѾвһˣҲûˡÿ쿴˵ЩĻԾɾ𾪡
ȻҲ˵黰˵ôġ
ճ壿
ϱûһûûһɫġ
۾ķ㶣ָͷ˴ĶƤЦƣӶЦˡ
ƺΪļƷ쿩ЦЦ
СӤЦ¶޳ݵЦŵЦʲôЦ޳֮ͽ
ЦȥˣƵҪѪһԷȷĵѵĥģ˭ҵĵЦԼûݵģ˭µĺӳ˵ģ
Цƣ⺢Ӿ͸˵ǵģЦȻ㲻Цˡ
ԼֻۣȻͷһ˹Цôһ˵Ҳˣ⺢ӿɲ͸ǵģѰҲͨһ֣Īǡ
û˵죬Ȼյߵӻ᲻ҲǴԽģ
εܣϹ˵
㲻˵ˣֻԼǶˡ
û˵ʲôץܼˡ
ʮռϰˮϯص¥߽ʳҲʱЪҵǰһձæµһŵĳڽϣʮһ㿪ʼæµˡ
õĽʳ̵еĳӶȻˣɫϵӦоСõĸصĴ
һʹʹϴֻϸɾҲûƼһʲ֪Ѿȥдˡ
ͷˮϯд׺ֵˣںԺҲ˼дͬʦ⽪׾ðһ
ͷϵʱǰҲ˺Щˣͬʦ˹
ѾĲ٣Ϊվſ˵˵
ΪԪĲȻ˵˺ЩлҵĻһתһЩҼӵԣǳҲ׷⻰˭ģ˭˭ס
˵꣬д˼˺Ԫ¶ǿûҴⲻӦõ𣬽ϰ˺Ȼչ˼ԪԪԺҪΪˣûչˡҪǽϰһЩԳ
˻һԼҹŮ˷׷ӦͣͺƼ檾Ĵһ㡣
Ƴ˵һۣλˮϯģ
ǴЦȻԪ˽Ԫһӣ˫ϲţǵȻҪˡ
ЦڿҼӾ˼˵ˮ硣
˶٣һȦ˵ˮ绨һ㲻ӵģһܻ߰Ҽӵһ߻Ҽӳˮ磬λأ
˵Ļ˵⻰ֿ͵ˣЩ϶ͦÿȴôȥҼأ˵Ҽ췢ģⱲƶǸ󣬶Բ֮£檻ͨΥģ
ͷĲνأǼĵʱ̫̲סĲ˲ΪȻŶܹ˵Ȼ۶ӣô˵淢Ŀ˵ֱӾԼĺ·ˡ
ҵڳˮǽ죬Ҳˣ
̫̾˿첲һůͷһƾǽźӳˡ
ƺûпĿŵˣһһյˮ˭Ӳã󻹻˵ģȥҼмƷ֮˽
һǧˣźĻ˵ûдǲܵġ
ռ˵һнûʲôû뵽ȻĴ㡣
ģպϲҲˡ
źӵ˼߻һ
񣬽ӽӹְ££ȥɡ
ЦЦǣֽȥˡ
˽ȥ֮ͷȴȻ󲨣ûһ˵֮¡
ǴϹȥŹŮˡ
ԶקŽɺǸһ޸ҪģҲԼŮʲôԣĴֱªҲϽԪɣ


 62 

ɺĿ⻹ڼıӰ, ǰʱüһܿ޳֮Ϊž
㷽ż˵ĻΪάɺĪ;÷ŵļ, Ӻš
ŮӼ˾͸üˡ
漴ĿԹɺ̲ס򴽣а, Ϊξĺǿɲż޸ġ
ԷŵҪ, ŮϽԪأ
ô, Ҳü˰ɣŮģ֪Ůˣѹ˵Ĺû, ιܲԣ
ɺôδ޵Ĺﱻһ˵ʱ, Ҳ֪˼ƾһ±˳ӵĸˡ
俴żıֺ󽪾ɺһĶůˣеҪ޸
ɺҧҧ˽ˡ
Ц, ֻ, ϶޸ǵıֻҪ, úðסʱ򽪾úǸһѻȻ, ʱ㲻ܷˣ
ɺ, ôһ˵Ӷġ
׻˵ĺãټ檣ƽͷޡ޸ƽͷϰջ̻Ȼܵޣֲ档޸ٵ檡
ҼۼžͳϢ, ϢǰȻǺˡ
Ҳ࣬˺ӣ꺢ҲСȻܸżźԽɺ͹ȥʣעűУܸŽź
ֻҪ˳϶ٻٻȥظΣȰٺٽӽٲһؾ͹ȥˡ
һصŮٻϺӣλȹˣ
Žɺ˷׷ȥϯȥˣǣŽɺֱͷȥˡ
ſȴס̫̫
һ㶣ʲôǼ̫̫Ҫʲô
Сʱ˵Χۡ
ܱȥԺﵥϯĲǼͬѺʦǺؼˣǰġ
ԳǽĸȴûٲñΧۡ
ˮص˴֪ؼҵĹϵȻҲ֪ĸ׺ܿʡ֪ѵĽļױֻ˵ļĸοǽ
ǽɺͷ˿ǵĿЩ֣ӺͱġƾǾǿżгϢȵݡ
ǰǺͽϵҲͰˣƫƫ˫Ĺϵǽ֪ӵſȴû˾ǽԸݡ
ɺϻģҲÿɺ޲ҸطȥҲЩ֪Ϊβͽùϵ
ϱĸףôͽˣ̫̫˾ͿԲˣ
ʱӭ͵ƹЦЦ̫̫ĸȥʮ꣬˵ЦЦ̫̫ʲôϵС˵𣿡
ֱ˺Ƥˣϵϻģŭƹʲô̫̫ң
ƹҡͷ̫̫ЪˣҪʵμϯǰˮ硣
ˮ磿϶پ߳ܣ̫̫̫Ͳ»ȥԼϾҪԡ
סڣ
ϻδ˵꣬һŭȣϻͷƼһŭݵĽ󴨺ͽվ̨¡
Ƕ϶ʱһ󾪻ţսŭԸšϺͽɺԼСžţԱŽ󴨳žǵ֮ǰȽȥ˭뻹ˡ
ҧҧڨЦүⲻ˵ǼҵĹү˽ԪҲ𡣡
üҲ˵˲ҪҵĻɶԷˣ
ֵ۽ɺʲôϴֵЦ𣿡
ɺʱϴ飬ûܳһڻΪһ˲ɻˡ
ɺϹҲסˣۿＸ£
ȥСƳ۽գȻѵϽһȥ
Ϻͽɺôڳѿɺ˦Ͼˡ
æ׷ȥ
󴨺ͽҲƹӭ½Ժӡ
Ǳ׷Ͻɺɺô׷
ɺǲȻأŶȥҵڳһʲô档
СƤܲˣֺγǣҧߺ޵Ͳûˣ˶һҲң˽ƭʱµҩֱӳ¶ʱ
ɺһԣͬġ
Ǳ߽ͼԺӣָֻ˵ݡ
ʱʱľʹۡ
ӷüʲô
ɫеôô˧ôôˡ
ӽк֮˱ûһָֻ̹ͷЩ١
ô˻ǵͷıͣһ۵Ѿˡ
Цǡ
˹ΪȥдˣЩʱӡ
ŮϺͼ̫дпɼֵдϾճӳȥ¶¶Ҳͻˡ
ͷֹںӲڣҲֵ졣
ʱֱɢȥͷˮϯȴһһһ
Լʦ˺Ժ뼾̸̫˷
ںѾ˯ˣ°ͷʲôǰϷһ顣ۣȡ֣
Ϊѧһ㶼붯ˣȡ
ЦЦ˷ͽмɡ

üͷ֪ȡˣڿɺãǷһģһˡ
ѵ
ôˣȡĲ⣬ֻǸǺţòȡǡ
ҡҡͷû£ɡ
ܻǷҲûõġ
һսζܰ㣬Ϊ֮һ𡣡
ȴֻŵ˾ζ
̧첲ţüȥϴ
˵⻰Ҵҳȥˣ̲סһЦˡ
ڴϵļԺƺȡˣСӤ˯߶ֻ࣬һֳ˯ȥ
˯İΰѼ侹һЩСоǺӣ˰ηûûˣ㳶ɤ۵һˡ
˶ķʱͣ£һȻεķڽϣҪɡ
ʵ̫ˡ
ƳѾ˵ĺҲǿЦãֲԣֻҲãѾͷðȥչ˺ӡ
Һ»͵ӺóףʱרĴҲá
˵ҼЩôðҽһֱأ
ȥЦͷֵģǸǰ˵Ǹͨ¶ɰҺ½޴˼Ȼûм˵Ҳû˼
ƣӣҾͲ
ӣѾͷһ±ζϣȿ㶼ס
⻰üһҲٶ˵ʲôڻ̾һͬá
ɼһ£³ŵʱҲ£Сĺӳʵ̫Сˡ
ȻҲһȥǣϾˮ˭֪ǻʲôħ֡
Աߵ˯ŵĶӣ̲סĲʱ򡣡
үڤڤ֮ڶءϾɻϵʱлϵʱһĻǸӣүʲô
֮¾ʱãתۼ
ӺӲ鿴һ˽Ȳ˶ȥˣ˵Ҳ˸£֮ǰûôྫɴʱ˱˲ٶķʳ
̣֮ڽʳ̺͸Ǳˣ¥ûϡ
콥ˣֱӱлרĶˡ
żҲ½˼棬æкȻ֮ǰ½¡
ǻʰء
ϧоٺֱӽ˾ʰҲֻܵ괺Ǻˡ
ڼϸ²ǺݻǼĬû˵ԽҲʼղ֪ڼϸô飬Щв
ֱ£½Ҽֹ̽Σ鷿˵ʱżȻ䱻ˡ
ʱ½һߺ޵ǱԲֱӽˡɺǴδһÿ
ѹǽ̸
½ŷӦδ˵£
ҡͷʱ˺ӣ˵Щƽĺ°ˡҲߣ˵̫Ҳá
⣬ȴգգۣ˼ӿ֪ʱϾô顣
˵ֻڼϸһ˳ΪĲҶˡ
ʵСˡ
ǵģȴתȥ˼̫Сֻ˵ĻȻԼ̫һͬһʳѰ
޸֮ǰӲ˰һˣϼϣƽƽһ
עᰲȣΪΪ˺ӼƱҲҪһƬ
֪ȥǻΣȴܸߣԻҹҹ԰ȡھǳ£ⱲӶԭԼ
ĺ뽫̫ͼٻӺӡ
ľȻѣڴǴǰȴΪõѡ
ˮرϾֻСسǣм̫ͼ򸾰Ҳкؼҿ˿˵ȫݣھǾͲһˣ̫Σˡ
̫Žᶨģεͷá


 63 

ǲ֪ڼϸᵣ, ֪ôܷһϾȥ
ż̫֪̫ӦģˮزΣ, ȴΣء
ǰΪιϾϿѣֻ·Ͼ׳ָ⡣Ͽ֮˵岻õ·ضȥ
岻ȴҲò
ھǵȷ, ôҲǹ٣СϰֻСĽԼȫ
̫Ž, 㾡ܷȥ, ҿ϶á
һ˲伾̫ЩҺӲĸֻ̣ȻҲ벻ġ
˵ͷˡ
һǲ, Ծ̲סм
̫һӶ벻Ŵ, ȱ˵պгϢҲŹȥΪ˺ӻЭˡ
̫ҡҡͷģߵʱ, ·ҲиӦ, ø顣
ûƾܵͷ
֪½Ļȥ½һ鷿˼ƬŻطҽ
ڽ֮½û, ҹзʱŵһ
һ, ̫С
֪ˡ
һ仰Ҫ˵Ļ˻ȥ, εǺôӽ£Ժյ˾ǾˣӲõ, ֻ½һΣյġ
ü㲻ȥ
Ȼ룬ǣҵķ˿ӻСȻҰٴӹȥ
ƫС
ֻܵͷΪֻ֪Ҫ׼ǲ׷ģԲӦ񽪾ȥ
Щǰźüһ顣
ûʲôðŵ޷Ƕ̫Ӵãæµ
ʳһ¥һ䲼ׯ涼ҪȥЭȥ׼
ļܹнʿ٣Դƹµ˲ҲһЩӳʱʹԼ㲻ھǿҲһʳǡ
һʱѾ첻٣ӽҲܷġ
ʣµӽÿżѾĸµĺѧ˷񽪾ÿԽԽöԲ
ʲôôСʱĸǲ뿪ӵģȴΪ˽ڼ
żС̾СɣɱԹͻòã
ÿСɾ̲סۡ
Ĺˣﻹ¶һĸ׵ӡ
ĸҲˣⱲõĺܣõӶŵȥ˽Ԫ괺Ǻǽʿϱǲһˡ
ƨɶŽĵﶼ׼¶˻˵Щʲô浱벻զΡ
ƲɾЦϣˣƢˣ
Ų˻˼㲻ҿɴƨˡ
һƨɼˣʵҲСˣűǻѾǼޣҪٴƨǻ˵ã
ɿķ˻ڿϱ۾װ
ƺĻǺܾȵģ漴ЦˣȻҵĻ
ƬȻȻ͸˵ˡﲻǹģΣգñȥڼҿɵùԹԵģ㡣
㱣Ƴϸ첲ϸһۣĸ첲Ҳܱ
ְ۾ˡ
ⷴӦСӤϾ͸˼̲סЦ
ڴʱˣЦʵЦʲôأ
ѼķӦ˵ˣЦô㺢ȴʲôǵģòǴԽİɣ
ǰ˵ʱ⼸۳ŶӳڵģӵķӦӵһһȷмѭ
ǵ˵
ǲԽʲô˼ģֻڵĵҲͦãѵõĵСӤ
캮ضǧ⣬սȥز鿴¥Ҳ̫ţбīӳŲ
˺棬ȻƼϾһվںŴŵġ
ӡ󲻺ãֻ΢΢˵ͷû˵
һղڼб˽ɺˮء˼ʲôڽƭأԼͳˡ
ֱүڰæ˷ܣȴŽԪұɺˮݣ˭֪·˲ɰҼˣȥƿɺã
˵ϱȥ䡣
Աһü˲Ҵкãֲῴ
ϼ׶ʱЩżϾǽĵҺţҪǱ˿Ҳֳõ
ʱǸɺ˰ƱģʱڷѬҩǲѼȥŮ
һҧԪҲĸˮһ˼չ˲ΪͲȥһѣ
Ȼ֮أ
˵ʱûʲô飬ȴƺɶƳȻѹʵɺ⺢Ӷֲ֣˺㣬Աһֱţ¾ȥҲšǴξɺʵҲΪ˼㡣
˶̾⺢Ӿ̫飬ֶ˼ӣ۳˶ҪˣΨһԸһۣȥһɺã
ɫδЦ»Ҫ£üȻȥǣ²ῴ
ϼˣ䲻ţĿڿջĴϣ
Ͽкθϵ
ƺЦһ˶˼˵ģ˭˵Щ
Ļʱ𾪣ҡⲻǣ϶ģȥòã
ˡҲܴ˦ҲûгȥˣתŵĽſȻʧź
վԭĻ£û뵽Ѳ˵˾Ȼֻѿȥһ۶ȥ
ڸô죿
뵽һڿջĽ˶æ뿪ˡ
ڽҵ˶յģߵҲˣγ˶Ҵô·Ź޹ǾɺҪ
һⱾͲȫﻹ˵ֻܸϽؿջȥȵȼѬ˲źá
ϵʱý⣬ҼƫƧһЩĿջһջϱ㼱æطȴȴӦ𣬶ͷ޵Ĵ
нΪҩýɺܱţԾ˿šϽŻ˻ΣȴŻοˣȥȴǰŵĿɿڴ
ǴֻһŮӺһӱһŲ˵Ķоκˣɴ۾Щ˹ȥ
˭ΪλŮķ
д棬æŹϣȻϵĲ϶ȥȻ󽫲ݺݵĴ˵ͷϡ
ԭͷɣͷϣһȥԴ϶ʱҳѪȴ˽һӶɺƺûѹӱŭ
һȦӣͻȻӷĳȥ
ԭֻǱˣȥʱȴĲҽ֮ûһµɲǼӵԴ㱻ҵѪģ
Ľ˽ɺɺһ˲Ĵ㵣Ȼ¶ĵͷۣż
ĵӵڵأŵĿŴϵˡ
˴˿Ѿû죬ԴһƬѪģ
ͷƺ˼űŲ˫ֶˣʱίڵء
ƫƧĿջҲסͷƹͻϽ˹ԭû˨һƱƿˡ
лѪζջĶſڣվſڵ˾ͿϵһƬǽ塣
Ůӻ㣬Ҳû·Ӵ˿ԴѪģ֪ڴǰĵϻһˣϵŵĵϻմȾѪ
ƹĻԻƵȥȥ٣
һ٣ڵϵ϶ʱѹŴϵæ֣ҡҡ
ɺŵӸסԼ
˭ܸΪʲôΪʲô˻Ĵϣ
ɺʹʱ޿̲ϷʲôŮʧȥڱҪԼҪ¡ʲô˼
˲ѽ
ɺϣίأ
ϻȻҡҡҡ
ƹĿɲЩֱӽһŹٲ
ˮؾô󣬳һ¾ǽ֪֪ϺͽɺµʱѾȥ˺üʲô¶Ѿ䶨ˡ
ĴȴǷзΪҲǶˣŽȻδоٵѧʶҲԭ¿ģΪ
ͣһ֪͵Ϊɺͷġ
ܿпջĻ˵ǵȥջѲ¥ʱϿųĽɺ˲֪Ϊν˷Ȼû˶ٺɺĸ׻ˡȻǹȥʱ;Ѿˡ
Ҳ꣬ϳ嶯֮½˴־ŮȻѾʧȥΪĸ׶ҲӦ㵱ָǽɺɱġ
ɺʼһʹ˻ڲ˵ĸοϡпջֳ֤֮ϻǱ
ѾѺˮشΣն
˵ʱ򶼾־ò⣬ɺһ۸ڶôͻ벻أ
ֱ˵֮½׹ȻһҲ⿪ˣһͬ鶼ûˡ
еֻأĹ˭ƣˣүȥˡ
лҪ˵Ϊ˳ųСҷǳڷܵĸ12֮ǰˣǺǺǺ

 64 

⵵²СҪû, ɺҲ׻ˣΪɺĳ㣬ȻҲܵӰ졣
뽪ҹϵֽ¶˽֪, ͷ˵ʱ򷴶˵ܽϰͿ͸ĸŮƷԲźֽˡ
ȥǵû˵õģ˵ĸǵġ
Ҹ˵¶ʱЦõ, ⵹֮ϲˡ
ֱӱѺΣɺΪͷĴԱŲ
¶ʮòŵĽͻȻˡ
Լûһ˿һĸ, 񽪼Ҽ, 㽪Щʲôˡ
Ϊ˵ȷ˽Ϊ˽ҲԼĿ˽ҲòڻӼ
񻹲ʮ, ȥȴ֮ǰŵʱ, ֮ǰ˶ĶӶС˲٣ǺȻݳһЩýһ˲졣ɫ֪ιΪ˺¡
󴨿䵭Ů, 뵽ҵĽ, 򴽵, Ǿɺ¶
ɺ¶ЦϲѾˣɺȻҲܺ, ûʲôϵɣ
ԽЩѿ, ЦЦŮƺܿӰӡ
඼Фƺܿ󴨿ǽʱ걻֧ܿĿ־ǽɺధһ·󴨾ԼŮġ
Ůʲôһ, ǷǽҲһԽԸϵʱҲȥܣֻﰵƿؽҵʱҲ޶áЩϽ·һ
ڽҵһɺҲŮò󽪾
̾˿ɺջ㲻Բȣôȥ˶ˡ
еۣһ˲죬űЦǿ̫źˣȥ򣬵ǽġ
Ծƺ͵˵仰۾򽪾ʱڴͰ󣬡˵ҪǽԪ϶нʿģȥطٶˮأܲߵʱѾɺϣ
˵У򽪾ĿΪһ׵İ󣬵ĸȴý÷̡
ԭԽ󴨺ԣһ˲Ծ̲סԭ
ĸôڣȴȲӭȢֱɼȥһ˫Ůνܡ
СӲܱǷǣν̵ʲôϹȻǺˣûн󴨵۷Σϵ̺͵
Ž󴨣Ͻ̵ֳЦƾʲôһӦҪ󣿡
󴨾ÿڸ龹ȻЩ˵ȥĸо֪ڹȥʮԲǽܣǽɺĽ㣬ǽ˾͸Ϊ˽ҵǡ
뵽ｪɫҵŮǽҵŮɺ˶ûʲôôҪٵģٵϧǾɺڼˮأ϶ȥ㽫ߣʱ˾û˼ǵˣá
ǶǺðɡŽ󴨲̾˵˵⻰΢΢̾˿˵ıȳĶֻǰȥôǲǰȥ˾ͺã
ھ޿Ρ
˼һﰡƾʲôŽ󴨵Ǻ죬ȴôˣƾ빴ҷƾѾĻ͵ҵ䷽
󴨱˵࣬ɻѾˣҲںٱ˵ֱԵ㺢ӻСòҪ˺ӵߣɺҲܰĲǡãֳ£Ժ϶ĻʱǽöźһӲλҲкôҲΪ밡
Խ˵Խ˳ȴԽԽڣһΪ룡
̲סŽ󴨵һƺȥվӿԼʲôԣ
ȴͻȻЦˣͽɺһڵЬҲźҼҼϴ澶ȻȥȥͺˣֵزڴҼ⣿þԼвУ
˵󴨶ʱЩŭҪѵ⣬ֵôҪѰТףҽһÿģôģǰΪʲôӲɵװɵ鶼֪ǲ˵ǣڽɺˣǸøס
Цϧøǽɺͽ񳽵ĺøף⸸׵ȥǽ˵ȥ˵ҲȥҪ뻵;ȥҵҪ˭ܶĹ˭
ֺã˵Ĵԭأŵ㡢㲻ɡ
ҲʲôЦҴûнɺɹҵãǻһںοյΪˮأΪҲ֪ȥһͼҷˣûûʹˮѾսķˣ˵𣿡
췢Լʲô˵ˡ
洫˵վæŮȸˡ㡣
˵Žֱͷȥˣ󴨿Ȼ̲סڵ㵱һ治
Ųһ٣ͷûأûֺɽ
ʵȥҲû£ֻٶŽ󴨵ˡ
һ˽ʲô̶Ȳ˵ôĻΪ׵Ÿ񣬵ÿڰѽˣȻֳ֪۶
˭֪ճƼռҴҵĹƳۻķʵˣ
ͷ󺹲ЦʲôôҲɣ
ɫܲÿҧҽճŻ˵ˣ϶ǽɺĹ
ɺĹӦҲҪȥ첲ˣȻ˾һٻȥ
áӦ˵ȥˣҴȥ
˵꽪ձ˻ЦЦմŲܽܽҲƿ֮°ɡҲãտԽΣ͸޺֮ǣֻҪıá
˷ûýձˣʵȥˣ
յͷȥˡŽɵ㣬Ժ󲻻·ˡ
ްҡͷЦκβҵġ
һǵҪЮ㡣
գ۵ʲôвҵģҲ
Ŷղ˵ˣȴӼᶨԼҪѽҿˣǰǶ̫ˡ
ɲ֪ʲôֻʵʲô׼
ʱϲ¶еıζġ
ͷתͷ˳ȥ׼ȥ
ǰͷݱ񶬼ɫҲסҳԻ顣Զֳɵģû㱻˹ҲźӺͼ̫һˡ
֮ǰΪչƲ¼ס˺Щӣˣϱȥͼæһ̯ˡֻ̫ȻҪæӣȻٻȥʱҪסġ
ˣ̫Ҳͦ˵ģ˶׼һЩţ֮ĶԽյ˶Щܳ߸ӡ
̫˱ºͣԽĵۣǹذ̶ýն̲סۿ
Цҿ϶ıȽߡ
⻰ȴҹͬˣʮģǱȼ˽һͷȵ˶ʮʱ˭Ҳ˵ܳĹ
ҽ󴨱˸еȣۺӺͺүߺܿ߼ǸտҲѳ
׵öЩС
պһˣÿء
̿˾ˣ㵱ȻҪˡ
һٷԵĺڣȰ뿪Ҹˡ
֪󾢶˭˵Ҳû֮ͨǰȥɡƺҲУҲù档
¶ʮ˵ʱ򽪾ȥؼȻƼĺûһʲ֪찮½겢δˮ̽ף׺ؼҵҲòȥˣЩûˡ
ź뽪콪֪ҹȻǲؼҵġ
ȻҲ̻⵱ǴܼиǶҵӣ찮ΪҵŮ뽫ͽȥıһ·䲻ðȻ⡣
찮ҲǸƢģֱӸǸҰͽ˿ȻŮǰ̣ҲܲƼŮˣ찮µͷһͲӦ¶ͽˡ
ôҲ˵Ҹǹⲻ찮̽׵ġ
¶ԽԽͻ˵ȫŵԣؼˮظصȷǴ󻧣ϰĵ̱ǲԶ
ŻҪ·Զ
ĸҵ¶ֻҪСһδ±гɵĿܡҪŮɽǴ־˽ʿأؼҲݣҹϵǼãʱѵͲῼ
ЦЦ¶游˵ʱҲ˵ҵᶨϾ͸ǺؼʹˣҲû֣ǹ˼ݶˡ
ʮȻڴһܿϣʱж̣һδزС
ټϼؼҹϵãΪɽֱĽԪֻҪ׽ʿ嶤
Ҳ뿴˵Ľˡ
Ҳ֪¶ԿЦҵĻµѹڴˡ
ݵƳһ۵ˡ
϶ʱƣܾ㲻׸硣
ݣǡ
Ӻؼһȥ󽪾æźͼ̫׼Լеˡ
Ա߻кؼҿģڽҪҲѾ֪ͨλʱտӣԪϼĳӣԱҲһӦȫܽߵﶼܸ
ΪоٺͼĵԵø֡
һǰչǰ꣬һҾͲˡ
ºֵĸˣºΪڲȥˣԪΪѧÿʱ˷ӵĿޡ
żºԸһҲ飬ΪʱӦ˶һѾʵס
ʮҪʮˣ¶࿴Ȣϱˡ
̫˵ڼϸ£˽ԽãҪѵºϰɣܵͯƽҲӦһЩ
ʱȣûϵϻڣ˵ʵʵҲ£ǸͯǸȥһ¡
ºֵǺúӣΪ̤ʵܸɣ֪ⲻһֱԼղϸȥСϼº⣬ֻû뵽ûϱˡ
ϼҲЩ˼ȻҲ˽ģԪ鲻Ӷ˵壬º鲻УڼҲֻǸЩı뵽úͶˡ
˵ЩϻĽˣæֲ֪δ˶࣬ҪǲͰˣڼӹҲˡ
Цɩʹһߣֻ֮ǰĴɩãԾԥôɩ˵ûͯϾϲҲڣƹô
æͷһľϲ⵱Ȼˡ
˿պ󲻹ȥøȥ⣬ɩɱ·лǡ
ᡣҡͷҺˣֻҪгϢǸǰҲɣ˵ǲеԪ𡣡
˵ҲɲֱΪɰѶӽлˡϷ޵ΪˣΪ˶ӿϳԿˣֻҪºгϢǲ׽˽лġ
˵˻ص¶˵ˡ
º˭ˣ˵ģ
̾⻹ûؾ͸˳ӡ
ЦʱĿޱӾͳɡ
֤ᡣºѿЦڲöˣɶȶá
̫С֣˱Цãĺ͵º趼ҲЩ
꼾ľʮˣ¹ʮͼӣ͵ĹѾˡһֱŲżΪľǸȥź¡
Դ˽ʵļˮȢҲڣԼգϼȥ̼Լ׬Ǯ
¶ǰ̫ͼ̶Ҳ˵Ǹùϣܼ޸ɾ
ʱ򽪾޴źȥ˺ؼң͵ҡ
ű˵ɺȻˡ
ĺʱ˻ȥֱӶ˵ȥɡ
ϡӣЦūѹûȥūͰߡ
һʵûɺֶ÷СܹɲǸҲˣ
¶Ҳ˴£ȥʱȴһǽɺŵҰһǿվǰ
ɺĿⴥӻ˻Σֱˤ˵ϡ
ιȥ֮ǰɺ룬ε˽ܼܲ˰ɡ
üͷȻԳ̧ҽȥȻ֪ͨҵˡ
ɣǸʲôˡ
Ƴ۽ɺԳߣȻؼȥ̫ˡ
˽ֱ̧ҽȥܶûܡ
ɺǱһѵģһ۾ͿһŭݵĿɺʱЩӽڽҵʱŵöһ£㡢ʲôҿ㣡
䣬һһҪսͷݶˣ
ɺʱŵһ£һƬ䣬Īģý˵ĲǼٻ
ΪѵǸڽļ
ɺˡ


 65 

ɺǰС˼ĿĺȻ
֪ʲôʱʼͬĸĵܵܽÿ, Ҳ뽪սа塣ܳҲʹӺ˵˵˷ġ뵱Ƽҵʱ˱
һеı仯ƺǴӽ˿ʼģɵΪʲôôı仯أ
ɺЩ벻ˡϽǲˣӦԽնýơ
˵ǻʱýɺһνǰĽջĻὫ֪Ū
Ͼ, ڴܻܵСºҲҹ, Ūٶ˵ջԼɱ˶˲
ɺЩˣһܷƺǸҽ, ŨҵĲҩζȴ΢Щ
ΪֻҪεڽǰ, Ϊ潪Ҳ᲻
˭뵽ľܲأһֱӰҽˡ
պһȻȥ, Žǿ׳, ǻȥɡ
ɺʱ֪ץȥҲˣƴĳȥҲ, Ҳȥ
ɲˡӶǽյ, λԽɺĴҲ뵽, ֱӹ
ǰһһҼסɺקɺĿ, , ȥ˻ûģ
ϧɺ̫СѲҽݵĺųȥֱӱȻӸȥֱֽӸסˡ
Ӷ, ȰҪսүȨˣүųΪĺãɱָүܰˡ
ɺһʱͷյϡ
æͳһ־ѽɺͶˡ
տ˽ɺߣԼȥҽˡ
ʵûн·ϣҲû뵽ջԹȵôˣ
һû
Ĵ֪˵ǽɺЦʱ򣬿ҲһֱڼţȻ¾Ͳ©ȱܳ϶˰æǲǣ
֪յǽͨ˿ŵ˰ųģӦ㣬ͬð˴ȥΪҲ֪үʲôأǿûָСŽɺԺõأƫ⡣
һİɣҸǰüͷһ¡
˵ǰֻὪɺôھֻʣˡ
ǽɺýպܰգûԾͻȥˡ
ϾԼ׽㣬ԽڽǰʱԼӣҲֻڽǰʱŻ¶
ۣ̫Сˡ
ÿɷ񣬵ֲòϣʮֵزѾʵѵáʮʱҲǲЩġ
˳ӹıˣԼ³ʮҪˮس߰յĹ
ǰѾˣ⼸ձ뼾һʰ·;ңԶ·ϻҪ˴ϣܴܴ١
ԭǵļƻü̫żˮأȰٺٽȥ
ʱٽȻʼճŽֻҪһСƲ㿪ʼޡ
˵޵ļ޵Ĵ٣ʼ޺˷òϰˡ
̲סԼ̫ѵоҪ뿪ˣԻˣ
ȷǻˣ⼸ղ֪͵ȻҪȥǣȻϱһھǣҲھǵģⲻ˾ǡ
һˮأֱӰô졣ҪµˣĲףôҲǰȥӦһ¡
ССļ뿪ǰǸıһȥ
ǸСʲôҲɲˣܹż˵˵Ҳ˽ⲻˣҲùԺ̫̫۶Сۡ
˵޵ĺ̳ԣ̣Ҳ֪޵ĺô
ǿȻһѣ˺ĿһҲǲġ
ǼޣͿޣǳɹ˼˵ע⡣
̫ü⺢͹ԣ⼸ôʼˣ
ЦõֻҪһŲͿޣǰĺӰҲˡ
Եķɵķܾ˵ҿԲ㣬Ҹǰ㲻ҸǰҾͿ޸㿴׼뿪ҾͿ޶á˵ۻܲ᣿
עҪȥǣַֻﵽĿġֳˮأѾõȥ
ֻҪʱڼϣһ᲻ϲǵӡ
˵ʵΪоС˵ĶΪǺ߳ܵģǰΪ˴ﵽĿĿԲֶεˡڸаˣΪ˴ﵽĿҲġ
̫ԥҪȥڼ
һ⻰תȻ۵һֿˡҪڼЩǰ׷ѹˣ
̫һ㶣ôֿˣ
̽˵
֮ǰΪҪޣ̫Ҳ벻ˡ
ĴͷЦŶɩһ
̫ͽʱһ㶼ȥǣ
̫޷ôСΪʲôᶮô࣬ȴż˼
ǽӵĿ̫ԣȻЩ飬Ȼƨһַȥˡ
ĿƨԹַģôƨɵľԲǴԽߣд˻ôƨɷİ
ĵĻҲѣЩĹ֣ϼʱ˫˫ſڴϹ۲켾ԭǳˣѧѧʱӣѧ㲻⶯ˡ
ԭʵʵţȻͱΧˡ˵µС˵˻ޣ˻ޣû¶Ҳÿޡ
ɼ⼸ΪĿĿ޹֮⣬ʱ޵ĴָͷĹ
򴲣ڵģºѴ˸ˡ
ϰ˺ܹԵļͻȻһ첻ˣ;è塣Լ룬涮Ķ࣬Ҳ᲻ġ
ƵЩΣ׼ÿˣֽסˣʱЩˡ
סǲֻˣ
ŵǾͿһǾͱˡ
˵ĿƵĿżŤͷȥװɵ
ﲻĿĲݵģЩ޿
ЦĶ´ء
䣬㱬춯صĿ
ǿ˭ᰡ޾ģ
޵ķǳͻȻ޵ļԭŵĶԽ⡢˼ȥǣ֪ʲôǾǣ𣿡
Ȼһ٣ӵ쾩ǵģ
һۣ˵ʱͼˣ
˻ǶˣҲò׼ɶӵʲô˵Խ߰ɲ˵Ӥɸѵߣ
ǵȥǱͲ̫ƽǴȥ·ǸӼѡ
û˵Ҳȴ˼µĿԡȻ֪ʲô۶ӣǱض常ڣȥҲҪСв벽ǴźӴĵȥ
ҪǴһȥҪǣƫҪĵȥʱһҲͨ쵽ֵز
ڲʹŮӣﻹЩǣ¶һֱδ뽪˵ֻǰˣڼȻ뽫ø˵ˡ
Ƭ̣Ȼмһֱû˵
ʲô
ȥʹϵ´ͷβ˵˳ĩ˲ŵҲ֪Ůӵ˭֪ȥǻ᲻һȥ˴ĸǺã
û뵽ȥϸμԾȻһʱߵǸôȥŮˣ뷽跨ŪңҲȥŪġ
ʱ˰ÿĸҪºǽҲֻǰ˷ȴһѶҩŪǵĽ󴨻ͻȻ˫Ůı
Ѱ˼ҸˣŮʱѲ˼϶ҪСġϱû˿ȢȴУжĸΪҪ
ǼĵճӣԷǲ⼾ֻǿǷ޶ֻ¶ˮޡ⼾ôйǶȥŪ
ڽԼǲģԷǸŴ󻧵ŮҲ׵Ū˰ɣֻҪ⣬ƱؽĿŲԷϡžͶˣߵ˸Ļٳţб¾ͷŪȥ
¶Դ˺ҲòǴĿԡ
̫Сˣһ·۳Ͷٴ˶ܲ˸οСӡ
û취ŽǣôĸĶЭܲȥǡ
ȴܵǣϾǼڵλ΢뾩Щʿʵû
ȴʵڲǱɣȻ˾ͳضͯˣҲͦġ
ԾԥβŵǾȰƻ´ɣǵȥЩ֣ǸļҶ̫٣ʱҾ˾˽һЩְɡ
˵żֵұȥݼʦѰҶʦæȥ
ĶʦҲ¹Ժɽ½裬½ɽȻٰƷҲƷλá½ڳΪ٣ʮʱҲҪ˷磬ԺҪְ
½ԺɽϲĲɣǰʦ˵ʱдҲΪ⡣ƾԼŬߡ
βһΪ޶СҲ÷ŵԼ̬ܵñ֤޶İȫ
½ȻѾˣְʱҲι٣кЩԱھǶ꣬мҪõľѡ
ʦڶһȥ½衣
½ƺϵֱóһŸȥʱӶƾͬҲ纣̴ˣͬѣʲôѿֱæǡ
һʦ˵纣̴ˣ
½źһЦĸǲ޲ƽ£ȥҲ㡣
½֪ĶԹǰʦ˵Ҳ뿴δáͬ·ݴҪݲԲŽҪżȥҲ纣
һ뵽ʹϵŮӼͲЩԥʦʵңӿܻһˡ
½赹ǲ֪ڲʹϷ£˵
һһʮĽ龭˵ˣְԼжҲ˵ˡ˵ĲŮӰĽһ鷳
Ը½貢ǣһ˵ʱЩü˼ƬȻ˾ݹϵľŮӡ
ͻȻһȻƽ̾˿ɽֱʹҵֶŮƽԽвһˡòΪ³Ȼֻˡ
½̾ľˣƽŰ裬ھϲɫ
ɫҲÿãŮˡ
½̲סƳۼͻȻЦĺҲѹֱϣҲη壬̴˻һݣĸ󳤹úһĸҲǵʥϵĹĸʥϵǼҲ󳤹İæ󳤹ڣǵ˾ֱͶ̸̼Ҷܱȫ
˵˿ЩǽûҶʦԼһԵƾԼᷢʲô¡
˵ڹȻҪԶ޶СҪԼĸߵĴǵİȫʿкá
ЩԼЩ뷨ֱЦйҲƴȨƣйҲбĥһա
Ժ·ֹ˷磬⺮ȴ䲻ġ
·ϵˣ뾩ǵ飬ԽԽþ̶Ѩ
ŶʦҲ˵˾ǵľƣʥȻֻʮ꣬岻ãλǶֵ
Ե˵뵱ĸʱ½ҲûȻûʲô
˽ʿԺ뺲ԺڸѡӱںԺҲⲻ˱ϵıǩҪʵ̫ѡ
ǵط߻ʵԶܺùھӪ
Ͳж־ˣ鿼ȡҲΪ˼ܹĺáѡ಻ڡ
̼ůģ˿ЦЦӻкκþµġ
صҽ뽪һ˵ȻҲűʰҪϼٲֵöЩˡ
תձȥؼҽһЩƽ̵ĻԼԺӽ뾩ʱš
ΪҪˮ·ǰԤʹһ˴ʵ̫࣬úȥϸʹʱֱӽһʹ㶼
ԭģ˵ҲԸ⣬ǸϿҲԸ⣬ֻա
ֻ˶ҲкôЩʹܹ㣬ֻҪغöǵİȫû⡣
漸һ˴Ҵææʰңһֱ³˵ʱʰϡ
ǰһ̫߶߶Ľ࣬³ʮһ磬һڲŰźƺƵԼ½һϸȥ
һ·ɽ·Զǰ;ңңҲ֪ʱܹٻ޼׷ĸףᵽеĨ
Ҳڻ˵ʲôԻģ˼ӣҲֻнǺͲˡ
ٲҲˣĻǼģδԶ
лҪ˵»ͼ

 66 

ĿĴ, ڵԸŵˣԴ˼ʵͦӵġ
һʱӹ׶ҲΨһĶ, Ҳܴõĸ׵顣
ڸףӡ͸ˣƺֻͣʱӵҩζĸֹá
һƺܲͬ, û˽ԪȻǳƺΪ, ȴϸܵĸ
ָоů, в
ıĸױڻϾ֮·ʱȻ˼ڴ
ƳӵĴļЦЦ, ȥϸ·Ҫü, ɱޣҪ϶ڴ
ޣ
ڵġ
ĿĶѾ˻ʲôࡣķ۾һŤϿˡ
һСӵĸо, ˵ǴҲˡ
һ, ѵִˣ
ʱ򽪾ӵ˵۶, Ժ϶ҿ״Ԫ
״ԪСһ
˵ģⷽȴе, Ǵһ·Ǿûùڶ
ĵ˵С, ƣĿ̫ˡ
ʱۣҪǻ˵ͷˡ
ǲһȻȷķɶ, ôҲѭԭԪǡ
ԺҪǸɣԵһĹȡ
Īľ;һһ̧ͷȴĸ׳ɱ۾ɵĶ˶Сӡÿʱ̲סʵû
ˮصϸҲҪߺüգڼҵװˣҵҲᣬͷǲѰ
ֻ·ܹǼ࣬ʱҲѾûˣ·ͣϢʱ˺Щһˡ
ֻ֮ܶιЩõʳ
Ҫչ˼԰ҷҲųˣʱï¥ˮߡҨ˼ι۵̫̫үˡ
Ӻƺ˸ģƳ˼һ۵ûݡ
˵Żָͷ˴Ⱑ
ķ²ۣκëǴǴӣֲǴС
һ·иĸչˣ˼ϸʱԾֵĽ־˷쳣
ֻǺ̫СܶණҲܳԣԼöαȿöļɫСԣȻһһۣһóһǸóԵģëͦࡣƫƫһĳ磬˵ʲôóԾͷԡ
ӹʵڼ࣬óԵĳԲϲ˵ñȱһ˫ѹͲСǲǱ˺ˡ
ڼϸͣһգһ˱ƺƵĵǴˡ
ͷϵʱղ־Ͳ־ǱһƱ˶㣬תһƱ˳ȥ
ղ־Ǹ˺ãƳм޵֣ɺòպʤ
ǫµĺܿĳҲвֻҪ˳쳤ұźˡ
ԼɵƲ죬ǰˣǰҲñɳ̲ϣ뵱ʮɵλӸλɲܹȵġ
ƲǴѧҲУٳԱȲġ
⼸Ҳｲպ滮¶Ҳ޳Զ뾩ǴӸĸ𣬲Ȼھĵط϶ᱻԵĹͷʣ
һ˴ҵĳӱ˴ϵĳԴĲߺһ
һסĶɢɢȥľˣΪʲôҵĹӳУһ֪ǼԪЯ޶Ͼ
һʱȣΪǴԪũũųȻ֮˵˼޵¡
ǱòȢӣԪǺãҲãȢӾԼһǵ¥˵û뵽ǼԪӵӣѹּԪܹ޺֮ǵĶˡ
ǾǣǾû˵ܿ˸ҲȢӾͺˡ
λ̨Ȣӣ̨Ҳɲ˽Ԫ
䲻ð仰˵ʱһɳԷȥ
Էϴķ׵ĳֻۣһʮͯžͲʲôǮ˼ҵĹӡ
˶ʱãλ̨˵ƺڼЩ
ܵĿһֻۣ֪ȴλ̨һ˵Ự
⻰һʱռˣҵ弾Ԫ˽˵仹ˣ
ЦЦû˵еıȴΡ
˶ʱѿ粵˵Լû㱻סˣǼͬ硣
ͬΣ˼ҼƽԶصȥˣôûͬȥ
ɫδ濴顣
ʱ¥ѯʴˣʱϺվڼװϣЦҲǰϵĴֺ½ֶͷֲһȥ
ͫһҡͷˡ
ŵĶ飬ɷ˵ǰȥĸ첲ղֺͲֶڣǼһ̽ѧҲǺõġһȥɡ
Ƴ۱ŵĸ첲ûƾܡ
¥֮ǰ˵ỰľԳȻıȥˣʲô
һҿʱû˵ȥȻǵ˼Ԫ
ʼ˲Ϊ⣬ԪΣҿ˵
˵ʲô˷׷״չ¡
˵ȴһЦûʲôܹԪʮҴǲԣ˭֪ʲô⾰
˵ˣȴӺ棬׷Χѯ
ܸż¥ֱӱճǼշ뾩ҪʮգֱӿճΪ鷿յʱұۼڴ˴̽ѧʡ
ݣѧʶȴӣļ̽˳Ҳ˼·ȥ˼
໥ӹĵҲ죬һת۾չȥٹһձܵͨˡ
ϴϴʱ򼾼ֱӽԭǲԸģֱӶӣӦˡ
ԵͨݺֱֱǶȥ
żƵȥпҵ뼾ҲǺõⴵȥ
⻰ǵõ˵׿ϣֻǼΪȻ䵭Ҳô׽ˡڱ˳ֱȥѱᱻ˼
˸пʱѾ̤ȥǵ·
ϱˮ·ȥǵ·ߵֶ࣬ԹٸɣͷƽȶܵĿ죬µĴ˰ʱ㵽˾ǡ
ľҲ쳣ڻļͷĽͷɫȴЩİ
һʮ꣬Ȼ׸֮λȴֱߵľɫﵹǹ۲һ־Ȼһζ
Ϊȱ˵ǺΪ˰ȫһ˻ֱͶ̴ˣԽǱղ־˸ǣǺȻҲ˶ʦţһǰ̸
̸λھǶĴʱӺĻƾͬǴʱȥݼȷǺʱ䣬ȥĿջ£һŵ˰
˶ڿջеȺ˭֪һʱ˻ˣȴŲ̼ҵˣǴʱ㵽̸ȥ
ε̴˼˱ǸϽȥ֮ǰѾյʦţΪ˰ȫǾûƾܡ
̼ҼԺգҲǾѸ١ֻסһԺܶණδʰֱӱ̸ֱȥ
ϾС˼ڲ纣»û뵽;񲻼˯ˡ
ʱѾů͵Ĵϣ˵
ʱ磬̸˽ǰٵԺˣǲ̴дǡ
Щ㱣һʱǲ纣٣ʱ̴˶ǿ佱·ֱɵ·ȥˣ纣ʹļףֱԺڶЯ
ػһһ˾Ҫ纣Ĳζ
纣һֱʦһò纣ʧ͸һʦʧˡ
һͷ۽ǺһᣬʱȵѽίСϱ
ٶĸпҲŪûˡ


 67 

ڲ̸׼ĿԺϢһҹ, ڶյʱһȥݼ纣
纣󳤹Ķӣ״ϻϲ飬ӷФ丸, ۾಻öɳӡ
ֵһǲ纣ĸײǳжԺʷΪϿԼҲ, Բһ˿һΥ͢Ϊ󳤹ֻǳĽòͲ, ĸԸ̼, Ϊ̼Ҹ
ΪȻгİҲһСиʷɷЩëҲ˹ҲƷΪܹӸλһ·ʷ
²Ѿ, 󳤹ҲǴźסڲ̼ҶĹ޹ϵһ, һҲ̼ҵļѵͲƷԡʮ󳤹ҲΪŮİһݲ̼˵İǡ
ҲֻķҲ纣ĶӣΪǱݻֻҪǱͲ
ΪŲƽ᲻۵󳤹
Щ, ǼִҪŵϾԸ, ҲȥĶʦǲȥ, ҲĿɽ
ڳö벻ϵ缾´˳˽ʿ, ҪıһЩĵططûҲǲܵġ
˹ְ, Ϊ£Ҫ밴סһʿķ⻹׾ٵġϾÿһʿвٳɼƽƽȴ֪ͨȴʼյòϢġ
˵ƾԾţɿ֮ҲǷǳѡ
ڼ鲻֪ͨ, һͬЩϵǺӰǷǳġ
ʱѾµףĺܣȥݼ̴ˣźȥݼ󳤹
ȥͷһ˿Ϊ̴˴飬ӴҲº͡
һɰȥЦʵ֣ͷһν֪֪󳤹ͷкͼɻ֮ͷָһ
ֽɰˣ̬ȸӵºͣǴ󳤹ΪǺƣ޼ɻ֮佫֮ŮӻǺദֻλӶϲʵˣ̫̫ػֻҪʵʵ˵޲֮
ԽףȻ
ʵܼ̼ҵŮӶС֮ˣֻԱ֪һ
֮еҲ¡
̸ֻĴ󣬴󳤹סٶãڲ̸еλãԺȴǰԺӿԺһ·߹ȥ̸ľҲ۵ס
̸ϾǴ󳤹סĵطɵĸ⾫纣ӸλһӦƸǱѰ鸮Ҫࡣ
ڻ۾ĿԺеľɫЩɫϱأԴ󳤹Ҳ˽⡣
һ󳤹ĺã纣ϲĲ󳤹Ͳ̷ȴϲˣ̷źûŮȻͰŮ޸ˡ
ϧߴ·纣ֵͬİ·Ҳûм󳤹Ͳ̷ˡ
Ƴۼıʱ̲סüôСƨȻĸп
Ҳ⾰£ЦţŲͣȴԼش𣬡͸㿴ǵġ
ּĺѩɰ̲סޣСүò׿ȴȣԴӿԺƺû޹̫̫ͼү̵ĺˡ
̲סЦô㺢ӿụ̂⺢ӴС͹ԣٿޣǷʡġ
˵СүгϢ꿴ϣСͳȣ˱ضдϢЦŹά
άĻ˭ϲҲ⣬Цֻ䡣
ֻҪпʱᱻ﷢ֶߣȻһŸпĶᱻ俪ʼǱһС˼ȽϺã޹գգۣ
ˣʹ󣬱ҲƳı̲סЦȣǲɶˣûϵҲҪڻ˵
ԻǰļƷҲС
ĸദЦЦȻǰҲٶá
ٶռ̸СģռĴ󣬴ſڽȥ󽪾ʶżҲʵʵ۾Ĵҿˡ
ĸӵľֹв⣬ǰѾ߽ȥȻһ·á
䣬ٶ󳤹סҹŵƿʱоһȥǾůͣоý뵽סů
ȻƶǮȨǺã붬סů͵ӣ컹бˬ
󳤹ˣ̫̫ˡǰ󳤹Ͳ̷˻һվһߣվλþ󳤹ߵˡ
·ϲ֮£˵ڴ󳤹ǰ˵仰Ӱڴ󳤹ӡ
żǰؾһ񣬴󳤹Ц˿
л󳤹źڵˣȻȺ󳤹Ͳ̷˵ʻ
̷Ц⺢£ĺҲˡ
󳤹ֵٸ˶զզû游ѵ⡣
ǲ纣ĵŮܳ谮ǵ˲纣ǳѵˡ
Ŵ󳤹òעҪҪѺ͹ȥȻ󳤹̽Ҫˣ󳤹ȴЦŽ˽˹ȥ
󳤹겻ʮ꣬ӲʣӱڻиʵλЦ⺢Ӻãžϲ
ֻǸµӤҲѧ󳤹žȻǳȻľŴ󳤹һǵӡ
̷Цĸף⺢ӵǺͶԵƸװ
һСǲԸϵ˱ŵģȴƺǣⲻò̷˸̾Ҳô󳤹Ϊĸˡ佱ĻǲҪǮǵð
ȡһУ͵ļ񡣡
ȻʯûйоܴӴ󳤹ıضǺöæ漾ƾܣ̷ȴ΢΢ҡͷֹڸļ񲻿ƾܡ
Դ˽ΣϽ󳤹лˣ̷Ҳ漴ϼ񣬾һƽҲǳ߳ļˡ
ƺϲСץѽѽĻͣ
󳤹ϡˣԽ⺢ϲƽûµʱʹƣҪ³ҲɽҸտš
һýоȣæл
ԭĴǵȼʱԴ˽빱ԺŽļƻ󳤹⻰ýġһĻὫ仰֪ǻ˻ȫ
ижǲͷһμ󳤹ˣܵô˱ӡ
ЦõǣǷ޾ҪŶӱȣ¶ӻСȵƺˮƽǷ󼰵ġ
Դ󳤹ĽУԱŲ޲ʻ߷УһĸȻԵǡĿⴥĸ׵Ŀʱ̲סƫߡ
ÿĸ׶ֹĸоͺĸ֪һ
żڴ󳤹һʱͷ㴫˵漴˸һʮŶƷǷӽˡ
֪ǲ̴ˣæ
纣࣬΢΢ױ󳤹ȻĿڼϣ΢΢֪ͣĶˣ
֪
ɿ΢΢һЦȻͷǴˣѧĶˡ
纣ͷٶüĿҲس󶨻гϢ
ͽȻϽл
⺢ĸͶԵǵĺܣұһҲܹԾžϲ̷ЦЩ껹ͷһĺӡ
纣˵˼һۣ۾ǰ˵Ĳ纣첲ȻҪ纣ʱһ
󳤹ȴЦŽĻѧעź󱳡
Ȼ󽪾Ƽ纣ıʱͽһ£˫ֻȵİѺӱסˣֻƽӲϸٴУȻٱӵġ
Ȼǻǵڲ纣˲䡣纣ӲıΪ⶯Щ
󳤹Ͳ̷ȴЦˣѰԼﶼһ¡
纣࣬ŻСӤú档ӡﺢӾǺͳϵһģ⺢Ӳֲ˵رۣ̲ס౧
ǲǺܹԣ󳤹ЦŵСʱҪҲôԾͺˡ
纣⻰Ͻ˽û˵
Ȼ󽪾ͼ˾ͳ˱忴ĸ˶ӡ
ӵı־ӵıֶ⵱Ҫǿտ纣ʱ򻹽ţӷһɴݣһ󳤹һ纣ǣĸ¡
ʱ󳤹ٶдǣһֱ󳤹ҪϢһ뿪ٶá
»صѾ˯˵ĶЩл㱣ͺݵҲˡ
˿Ժӷ£ͻƼһĴ۵Сۡ
ʶ֪⼸ʲôŶڻ˼βܳԽһµӤеĹϵɡ
ûĸ˶˼⡣
лҪ˵𱧴ȣǶҵĶ
ʼ˶˰ʮףȻҾҲмˡ

 68 

, ˼⼸˷׷׿
ɻЦЦô
뽪Ϥδ˵ʶԼЩʧϽͷ, ½һֹģЦЦ㡣
һȻЦֲЦ, ½̲ס±ȽϺν̵ӵġ
һʾҲ˹ȻҲǺ档
ĸ½ͼѾҲк, һѲ, ʵȼҪСһЩҾƶһֱδȢޡ
ɲĸȽϺ棬ϾĺӲ, ɼ¾ͻᱧȵȴͷһμ
һۼ, ̬Ȼϸϸ۲ͷдЦ⣬Ժ֮С
ΪԺء
ȴʱЩ˽, û, ˾Ա˭Ķ졣Ҳãܵöʦ㡣ԺϾ˵оŸ, ܵöʦָдžټ纣ֻĸ
ͻȻ˶Ȥζ, 츳
Ļش˶ʱ, űЦ½Цһ츳Ȥ
Ҳ, ż뽪һܻӣʼڴԼһ
ڴ˵ҲţתطҲż˯ʱϢһ
ʱ纣һü磬ƾܣǱ纣˺˹ȥ
ŵʱ򽪾˲̷˿еٸв纣ļӣ䲻Ǹ纣ǰ˷ҲǾȢҲţҲعأ»õҲɰĽ˿ݣŷĺá
ͻȻ˸СӤΪСĺٸǳ棬ʱ̧ͷ
ΪѰӤ类ЦˣɲͬǰСɵķ۾Сģ˭뵽ʮ˻һͬμӻȻ󶷵Ĳɿأ
˶СԷҲֻСоȴǳ˵ġ
˲һۣȻ󵭶ĵߵιڶں١
ܹĴʱί;Ҫޣôǵ˼ҼҲϱӺٱĲķֿһ޳ݵЦݡ
ıͺÿЦʱûҲÿˣֱϵһ㡣ٿˣָż۾ܵܣܵܡ
¬ߵģ¬Цϲܵܣ
˵ѾΪֱݣؼҡؼҡ
˵ϻŮ϶ļΪ¬ϿЦõİ㼾常ҵĺӣɲܱȥġ
ɲȴܣһҪˡ
̷˸¬϶Բٵٸϲܵܣ￴òã
ٵֽкá
ȴĪж󳤹ϲһ£̷˸Ǳһˡ
λϵĴ󳤹ЦŶԼҪ֪ӺͶӽˡ
ʩһл󳤹ϲܵϲǵĸ
󳤹ЦеҾϲĺÿĺӣⳤĺÿҲϻۣĸܲϲ
ڴ󳤹ǵϲȻġߴߣߴߵʱƱҪ棬ȻÿЩһ˰ȫ˳ǰ㲻ʲôϾǲãһŮȷùȥûи׵ĺӵȴֽء
֮˻صԺϸһЩע˯ȥ
ڶտʼ˱㲻ٳרĶ飬в纣вĹαȲ纣ȥ̡
һնȥ󳤹Ժÿȥٸ۰Ͱ͵ĵš̷˱Ͼæµһӣʱʱڣ¶ǽʹ󳤹һٸ档
ɼ͵ʱ᲻ٸÿٸ޵ʱЦЦ߷˶Ц
СּٸĴ󳤹˵һôͻͷһô˼С
µ׾ľԽԽ࣬˶׳ɱⲻձпջо˼䷢ͻڻб̤
ɺ£ǵûͶֱ̼ס˿ջ˭֪᲻ᷢߡ仹иʱʹӣ¶ǷڣҲǰˡ
һ˲ССǸŴףʮ꺮ΪһԾţȴ֣֮֮Ĳ
¶ԼǵûӰ켾ǣ˵ʱȻ꣬λΡԽǵʱԽҪסв̼⿿ɽҲóŵڡ
ڲ̼סŽҲ˼ʾ֭ѯ˸еĴ󳤹Ͳ̷˶ҩţ󳤹Ҳ˵
ʱҲȼӴˣҲţǳսµʱ̷һԹӡ
ھﶬԹӵĲ٣էҪǳԹӵʱ򲢲ϡ棬̷ǲǷҪæĵط
̷ȻţѣȴΪϸסļͶڼʱסϰϰߡҲǼ֮°˵ȴմ󳤹ͼǽԺ
󳤹ݻڹԺİȫȻõġŸ̼˵Ķݣ׼һٹдǡ
ǴˮǱߴģҪĲɫ͵ζϽԳѡ
͵ǰһգðڿԺչ˼ӣҺͼ⼸Ҷš
ŶԾǲϤ̷˸ָһ·Ѿͷ̷˼֣ػЦ齻˾ͺãοԼһ⡣
ЦδԹǵľ£óŻͷȥתת
̷֪Խϲӣ׽ʲôҲĪҪ£ǲ̼ŵ˭¡
Բ̷Щˣ˵ǸŮЩˡ
̷˸пʱ֮أû뵽ϲ纣ϲ޵ˣҲȥˡ
ȻǸпȴź纣̶ûУҲҲڶˡеĺӶǷ²纣ǰٹִٿ̰壬˷ﻹģ
뵽޼ദ̷üжҸ
Ͳ̴˸ۡ
Ҳˣ̷һĶϣԺжò绨Ĺһء
ЦΪǲҺÿ
⵹ǣ̷˵ͷϿɵҲҲÿĹˡ
һϿԺͽȣͬһˣǽΪǿѾӮˡһλλҲעҪʧˡ
뵽ǰյţ̷˾Щ˵̺ϸˡ
Ǳ̷˴˺ƺƵĳš
˼Ůź˶٣סǲ̼ҵŮ죬ȴһֶʱ׹еǼסڲ̸ļλˡ
Ǽסڲ̸δ٣ס֪ˮصЩҲ˵ӡͶ˼Ҿܺܺãô
Ȼǲ֪Щģȥа̲ɹϵĲһһȫȥƲɫ
δȥƼԱͣһƿģһ޾׵һɫĪĿ
ʶԷע⵽Է¾öԷҲǳԷ΢΢ЦЦȻ
ͣ£δѯʣԱߵλͻȻһŮӵǼӣ
ƿӣƼ֪ʱ׷ԱŮӿŽʱ´α¶һĨζЦĲҲˡ
ˣ
ŶԷɫͻȻи뷨ѵŮӱǼ˵Ǹ
ǣǶ¼ûµˣ
Ŀԭ·أֻ֪ݣȻЦЦﵹǹɫ㡣
ƽɫɫ߰۾ƳŽƺʶ⡣
ֻϧո̱ࡣ˵ƼԷɫֱ
ЦЦǡ
˵ݳС
ڵƽĻ˫Ŀ޺ҿϵ˴ûеòʱ򣡡
ô죿ԱŵһŮʵ˵һס˲̸̸󳤹˼ҵĵ̣̼ҰҪżǣʲôƻ
ƽݺݵĵ˶ԷһۣЦμƻ𣿡
Էһ㶣ϵЦЩάֲȥˡ
ƽֵڲ̼ҲܰΣǹأһֱڲ̼Ҳɡ
ЩһֱŲ̸Ϊ˵ȼ˭֪Դ˲̸Ŷûʲôܹ
ǰĸдŸ̷ˣ˼ȥ˭̷ֱ֪ӽ˻ȥĸһ١
ƽԽԽԽԽõ
ҪҲҪڼ޶ʲôϵ
߳ȥ֮ϵЦӣҵĵŮӡ
ھҪĪԡ»ȥĪҪ˵
ӣһֱŽģȻʲôæͷū֪
Ȼžǹҧгݵˣ


 69 

ô˵ӣҲ˿, ˾Ǽٹ˺ǹͺأڿǹﻹǹԶǸ
һתͷͶӣε۾ʱ˵, ֱԴԵΣҲáԷǿ, ˽
ʵڰƼˣֱʹǰƵŹȥ
, ȥ𣿡ӣʵ
ȥ, ֱӹʵġ
Щֿʼ˼ҪھԺӣܲһֱڲ̸
˲̸㽫ŵԺС, ˿ס
̸Ůͺͯڶ, ٲɼֹӡкü֣ȥѯ˳̸ӵĿζö˷ζ׺ףܹ˵Ŀζ
㿪𰾴ͷĻ֮ڶһϨ, ŨƮķ
ͬʱõĻĥĥǰݺõĻƶ, ѹƤؼΪ˶һŶƤһúһŵͷĵط, ʣµʰá
Ҳûţ׼׼, ʦȥɫ, ӣҶհ±͸ɫ±ζ̳׼̡
ѡĲɫ࣬ھǮ˶࣬Ҳ뷨ԼҿŪýȫҪˡ
Ƽβ, Ҳæ
֪ߵѾ߸ҪǮ˵ˡ
˵һӱӵϣŴԼжأĴ㲢ףȻЩļ۸񲢲ͣڶӸǰѷɫ٣ʱĶˡ
ҲҲҪˡ
˵ƶûֱˡ
ȫˣҲﳤȥ
ƽһŮСʣ㻹Ҫ𣿡
ҪʲôҪƽһѾŵ㱻˳ȥ
ĵԷ겻ɢѵԷڲ̸ߣ˵ڲ̸ǰ
Ҳ̫Ƶ˰ɡ
νЦЦ˲̸æ׼ɫ
׵ζƮȥԶ̸ĳӶ̲סܵԺſˡ
ûнǽĦϾ׵ķǴȥô׬ǮˮػݸշӵĶŵĹˣҲǵȻգ׿ȥ
Ȼ֪󳤹Ͳ̷˳Թӵ£ǲΪ⣬⼸Ʋǲ̼ҵĳӡƼԷöӶûĶʱǾͲˡ
ֱԷװƳ˵ζͷѵζζ޲ǵ
̸ܴ󣬸ԺӶСҪʱãǲĸ֪Լûա
ѧƤվŶԷǽȥ
ϧⷽƫƫӣζЦеһ䣬㲻㣿
ͷЦͺãҾͷˡ
Ȼأ
ûȻˣܼҽǽѵһ١
ԺȻǰԺŽϽԺӻŵζ
纣ŵſʱŵζ̲סӡؿڸ֮ˣŵ˵ζʱҲ̲סӡ
纣ĳӲЦǼĳ׼ʲôõĳʳǡҲɣƫƫ˿Щء
纣δŲȴࡣ
ڼв纣ؼҵһ±ԡȥݼĸף֪ٶ÷ʱζȻԽŨ
Цĸĳεġ
纣ȴòһǣ̼ҵķ˼ʮʲôζйζ˵һ죬˵ˮʱ˾¥רľǳʳ⣬ǽ޵ġ
ٶͷƼһȺѾ߶Ÿɫ˻жٶãӼһȥƼٶô͵ĴѾںӣͷֵĹӣͷཹðǴſŵζԴͷˡ
̷ǽЦĸƣүǶӵǳ֪ϱð˹ӻҳԵˡ
󳤹ĿŲڰֵԲӲֳףֻֿζ߶ζģǸϲĵطˡ
纣ŷȫ߰㣬һŮҲӣĲ纣һüɿ򽪾󳤹˻Ҳ˵ʲôѭζ˹ȥˡ
纣ºλҲ׷˹ȥ˱˹Ӹռˡ
Ůͺеϲζϲ˵ģͲ˳ͻپϲζӲǰŲ纣ˡ
˶кϲ⣬ţڴܲʲôط⵹ʵģհԼɱֶϣһеıƬһӷŵͷ΢΢ɢ˵պһ½ĵƵĸպϣζǾˡ
󳤹ԹٹӣǰĹֻζղܣ˵۰ͰУ۾ʱˡ
̫óˣ
꣬ǰ󲿷ʱԵĲʹ죬ɵ˺ȴԳ˸ֵĻôöִ˶ֿܵζЩˡ
ˮصıͷһγԽʳ̵ĻʱΣ֪ʱܻӭĳ̶ȡ
۾ˣ˷׷׼
ζģζģζģζģֿζûвϲġ
̼ҵ׼ҽϣһԵĿľúóԷ׷ײͣ¿ӡ
ֽƤŵ˺ٺʹ󳤹ǰЦⶫӪãʺ˺ͺӳԡ
ڼµСֻܳԵϡõĶⶫǲԵġ
󳤹һ̲סǱԹóԵĹӣζǾˡ
̷ҲͷͣζھǿûУϱ㲻ˮؾͿ¥ģβھҲһңʱƾŹӿ϶Ҳܻ𱬡
Ȼ֪ܻ𱬣ȵҲзľ¥ӯǾӲףǵĵ̣˵ˣҺʵ¶򲻵
ЦЦڻʱ򡣡
̷Ϊ˴ϻۣȻĹǡ
ǿλúӶǴٹ˻߸ʿ壬̻ܵö棬һЩǺŹͨٻµģѰϰֻкСλֲõߵֽ
ɽֱÿͳһ״Ԫ״Ԫϡ˵ǽԪˡο㼾״ԪҲֻܵôƷԺ׫ȱľǹˣͲۣҲﲻɽĵز
̷ĸ纣󳤹δ˵ҲóȻڡ
֪󳤹ŵҼǵﻹһ¥ƺⲻãȥ˾Ӫ
ȣæ֣󳤹̫ˣʹá
ҲǸϽƴǡ
̷ЦĸֵµӶ£ʱˣʵڹⲻȥԺ󳤹ԹӵʱΣ
ĿĺȻ̸ĿĲҪһĿɽǺεºܹõ󳤹֧֡
ɿ󳤹£ӦֻǺ󲢲ȥطϼʶʶǵ治Ҫġ
󳤹Ϊź㴺˳ڹҲõˣЩ˻ʱµ߹žˡںͷţҵǿ˭ȥ¡
ʱΣ⻹Ѽϼܷǿˣ
лҪ˵ڼʣԵˮˣɶζľС
ȻһҪдζĸֿζĻʵ̫ˡ
дһ¿ˮһء

 70 

󳤹Ļ, ̷ֵջǰȫ˶, ٳǰԵĹӹƶԲζˡĲɫÿǸǳζã¥Ϳ, ԵʱܳԵô
ɿ, ¶ǴӦҲôӦӦҲôӦˡ
Ҳ԰ɡ󳤹˵̷, Ҳ֪ϲÿشͷϯԲ϶ԿڵĻ˳һԡ
̷Ц, ĸ׶ҡ
ϱϲ, ҲãСҲ׷ȰѾ¥ԺǶܳԵöˡ
ȥˣնȥ֮ûܼѹء
˵ڴ, վ󳤹˸, 
󳤹˵ߵʹɫֺܿ㽫ȡݸ, ͷƹͻƵõľãõ, ҪΪҵ˾Ͳ˼, һΪ˿ζΪ
Ӧ£˴󳤹⻰ҲܷȥˣϾǴ󳤹ɲҶ󳤹˵ġЩбռźλҲⲻ, 治պȷܲʹĶϾ󳤹˺ͺؼҵĿǲһġ
ѽóԣ
ٸɤͻȻһƣСһﱧһ±еĻ죬һԵĲ纣һ޿Ӳǣȫ֪Ϊˡ
ȻóԣҲҪԱĳ˽˼±Ū˺ü֣±±Ź±±ζá
ԵȻ죬ûвϲԵġ
һٷ̷˾Цƾ⼸Ʋ˶ˡ
ЦЦû˵ĵĶЩò㻹ûԹءϲıëѪ罷ͷ֭˹һ˴˻ٳԡ
ŸлʱȻĳպͲ˵ӻǲʩչˡ
϶ԳˣȻĬĵԺɢʳ
¬ǣŲɢЦôԣ϶˼վˡ
ԺҪˡͻȻ
¬ЦǲУ㼾ĳ̫óԣԿɲС
ãˣĳӲø󳤹Ͳ̷Ҳø¬һˡ
Ҳţÿϰһ£󳤹˵ģȻھǿ¥ȻҪ׼ڶϽڴ󳤹ִȥǲ¥
󳤹ʲôӾûλòõģֻѰλã˭ִ֪ǹȥʱı𾪡
ֻ˵һ䣺ƶ
¥λڴʱӺ࿿ţλò˵ãҲˡ󣬶ҳ붼ǴٹˡԼһ¾¥ҵζü
ǲˮô࣬˿ڶ࣬ٹʤǹԱҲʱÿ궼еطٽְ
ְʱҪнʣʾҪȥ¥ȾơÿһεĴǣǹиĻʫᡣڸŴճٰϯԱСۣǾ͸ˡ
վڲ¥ǰԽԽ˷ܣ˫۶Ҫðˡ
¥ĻƼдһûվ˻ȥ
̫̫˴λã
սͲ׼˹ӣǵºҲ˹ӡ·Ǵ󳤹ߵõˣȻƷˣԽֵҲϲ
ǽ¥ǶʱǲҲմⳢ
ָ·һ⣬·ϵʱѾ˵һĺûˣ˵ףǾְ˵˵ˣǼ̫̫ϲ˴ǿٻһӡ
ѾƳ¥´ںõĵضζҲã¶ǻƺƹĲ֮ʣЩǲҪģضĺá
ͦõġķ׬ǮһҪ󳤹ǮȻٰ¥֮һ󳤹źá
ֵͷ̫̫ȥӹܲ¥
ҡͷȽȥתһȦˣǵûеõģְæ
Ȼƾܣǽȥ
źлƹӭͣƹһƼ֣ϽʺȥҲûŽתһȦ̫̫Σ
¥Щͷˣװ껹㲻ҲвࡣһȦҲ۲˻ƣлѾȷ
ǻȥ˵ɡ
һ˳˲¥¥ƹͻȻֲõԤУͷûʲôִŮʲôĪǴ󳤹Ҫ¥ˣ
ƹĶʱȻϽȥͷȥ
ȥϽǸҹ۲һ£Щˣһ
Ԥϵˣþȣãūձ㽫˴ߣ̫̫Ǵʲôʱʼʰ
ЦȻԽԽá
˴νﻹӣʦҲʦϽӿҲôͽܣȼȥطʱ˴ߡ
һӦ£ձ㽫Ӹ
ҲţҲ̷˰æȥһЩ˻ֱס¥ԺȥõļºҲҪ񣬿Ĺ¥
˵Ҳ˵ϣ޷ǰǽˢµˢ£ӸöĶΰҲðҪ󾡹ܴ졣
ڼģԴ󳤹¥ķ˽С˵ɩҸ󳤹ڿɡ
Լû뵽æ˵ãûȥҲ̸ҲãֻӣҺͰӰæˮƽֻܸ֣æĹ𣿡
ʣڲ̸סʲôʱ򣿡
һҺͼҲòע⣬Ų̷˵˼Ȼǵȴǽڹֱ֮ߡ
˶٣ǵЩסԼԺҲ̹ԺӲ򣬶ҲȫƵ޷ƽֻܱ̼ҡ
֪ˡĵͷԼҲæĹҿԵġ
ЦЦмǾҪǣҲæţרѰɡ
һ˷ֹȷƺͼš
ҲţʱҪţԲ̷ʱǲȥ󳤹һˣ̸ĺӶѾͿʼÿҪѧ飬ûֻܸͬ档
Сӵ˭˭棬Ѿȥ۲ˣԽ۲ԽԼĶӡ
æŵʱҲ
ʱٶ£ʱҲǳŵһʮڶʮԶ³ЩҪȥдһЩϢ֮ٵȳ볡ǡ
ʱ˷ǳɵ
常Ʒ£ȥԺǰ˾ǣ֮顣
ȷ츳ֻƷԵȡҪ˵˹ٵȷǸ鷳
ֻµֶӣȴµֶԸá
Ȼ˴ʱҲ϶ּƼʱЦòµֻ֣ϧϸ֦ҵȼˣź
ֻûĳֻ΢΢һЦȷɶʦҵȲܵò̴۵ס̼ҡ֣ܹס常ҡ
һƳˣתͷ˵ȥˡ
ʱѾȷ׼ȥȥȷϡ
һϢȷϣֳƼͷͣһݻ˫ݳ
ϹһЩӣϮҲ֪ͷŵλŮ졣
ʱſھۼˣԶԶ˽ĵλ⡣
ۼƼдһ֣оǵľ˵ϵ
Ȼ뵱ʥϲͬĸ׹ϵʥϼλҲ֮ǱڶڳΪٵҪְĹƼܶԼ²⵽ͷĸΨһŮƽ
ֻƳһ۱׼ȥ飬˭֪ʱͻȻһԪһ¡
ϤʱòãȻӱһֻƿƽڼǰ
Ԫþò
лҪ˵еԻ

 71 

ǸԺõ, ȻȴԷϣֻԷֻ飬žͿˡ
ɶƽ, ȴĵĵִ
Էݸ߹󣬼ʶ㣬ʵڲΪԼźÿ˶Էۡ
Էݱض֪ѾȢ, ܵŮӶ
ƫƫƽǿС
Ȼ˵, ֪, ɽʱȷ֪Էھǲ̸Ҳ֪һЩƽĴԡ
ʱΧľ˾۵żвֹĺþǺ, ܵŮʶ, ܱƽǶĺôټϼ񱳿д󳤹ɽǰܲˣ
ò˵ʱͷĽˡ
մĿȫҲļʼ
常¹ȻֻƷ, ֪ǳľӻ, ǰͲˡƽʲôɳģ
ֻɺ޼źÿƽۡ뽫˰
ϧ뾩ϾӲ̸һֱ, ƽҲ˵ˡ
ʱƽüżϸһ𾹹ȥС, Щӿɻã
ĳƺ仯, ͫ΢΢һ˳ʾ⣬ȴװɵ֪ݣ΢΢׵, лλģ»Ҫ¾ȸˡ
˵żһȻɿת첽ȥ
ݵ˳ƽҲ׷ȥ
ƽȾ߶ʱգ
³ȥ׷ɴʱΧкܶӣһʱǰС
˵ѸȥʵЩʧģ˵ƽգҲоȡ
ȴǲ͸öʲôΪĲҳݡ
ڵλ΢һְٰǲֻܶ㣬¶㲻ʮҲŬȥ㡣
ԥתߣҲóֳ˶࣬ױѡ
ڴǵգ󳤹ѾŵǣҪ˭š
ͷһξдȿɱǶôҸһ顣
˵ģ˫벻ҪĽдȿɱ
ãӡ֤ˡ
ܳȥһξֱƼǵͣ
ʱѾ˲ȥ֮óز̸ֻһˡ
˲̼Ҽƽʵأ
һ˵˷֮£˵ˡΪ·ʱЦǰϣҲн졣
ɫ΢Ƿǰֱܻƽѵ䲻֪ܣŮҪظ
ԴȢ˽ĸֹ۵뷨Ѿı䣬ʱԼԼҪЦһЦˡ
ŽģεΪ˭űģ
ɲΪæ㵹˵˵ǰʺϾǻڵʺϾǣ
⼾Ҳ֪𰸡
ǰǸĲ纣ơǲ纣󲻽󳤹еʥϵ׿ϣֻҪʥϻһգ󳤹һգǲ̼ҵٳ㲻˥ߡ
Ժµ۵ǻĸӵǻ¶ĳɱġ
ֻͬũӳûȢ˽ƾֳǮǶҪܵ
ǲˮأˮǸ˱߿һۣھ״ԪҲǵ΢Ĺ٣һ˶㣬οԷƽĻʼҹѪ
ڽʱͱƽķڣĳһƽʧȥȤֱӳȥ
Ľڼ붼ú¡
Ȣ˽˼õֵת䡣
ʱͷãݵ˻ԶɽԶ
ŽͻȻǰӣлл㡣
ûϵͻȻһףãȴŪҡ
ûкŪӡЦûӾûĽգպ󲻹ߵʲôλãεأжֻһˡ
黰˵ģĻҲ˵ˣǵȻʲôƽûҺÿ
ͻȻһɿˣʲôʱжʲô
ŵĿ´˵ʲô˵Ļ
̲סƽüǣں֮ǰд󳤹Ͳ̷˲ǳȥһˣġʱͻȻסңһ˵Ҳˡ
˵ŽϽƽʱѧ˸ʮʮȻ°΢΢̧ǲмĻҲˡ
˵꽪Լ̲סЦˣ˵ǲϹ¯ҲҺÿžԼأ
˵⻰ȴ˵һ䣬˵ôΪ˸ƺġ
λĸ첲Ĳ˵⻰Ҳû˵İ˼䣬Ҫءסڲ̼ĸң㲻õĺòã
촽еĵǲ١ЩԼμӻԵȷμӻԣһСҲܹĺܺãΪͷҪأ
Щˡ˱ۣįŽһһٵǿ˽ʿԼ޶İȫܱ֤ҿʿкã
ãдáżЩɥʱˣ㲻Ҹһ߱ܣǵľ¥ء
̾Щ󳤹Ҳܸοв̴ˡ
кιϵ룬Ϊסڲ̼ңΪʵѧΪƷѧóϲΪ㣬ǵٺóڹֻǳˣ˼ƾʲôǺã
˵ļ٣۾Ŀ㲻ǿ̼ҵļλүȻ˹٣̼ҲͬҪɽҪǼʮ̴˲֮ĿɽͱѧʶԲ̴󳤹ҲֻΪϧš
Щ㶼㶼ףôھͺͿˣԴǼңƺӺͼ֮Ǳ
û뵽Ϊʱһƽ˼ʵڿ¡
΢΢˵ЩγǾʧġ
ҴǳԿˣΪʲôڿϳԿҲϣΪҵ˵ϸλʱʰˡӱʮ겻ΪΪѾɥʧġǼҵĶûҿЩкãԼСӹǳԺȲͳˣ
ıҲҵ롣ȥطܵ磬ȥܿ¥һΪĿŬ𣿱ʲôƽҳŴˣбµԣҾͿ⾩ǵԹٴӦӦ
˵̫࣬Щڿʣбһۼˣҵˮ
æȻݵЩȡ
һӹһڣˡ
æȥҪˮ
˿û˵ģܵøһʱײǡ
ſվԺվŵˣ㶣ȶЦЦվʲô
ƣóˣ
һ㶣ЦûС
ֻһÿΣǳ


 72 

˵, ݵûɣϾվԺ˵ǽѵ, УҲֻܴƬһЩ̬
˵ˣݵҲû׷, Ͼ˼ҷ޼¡ݺôǽĵױ֣һҲͰȴöʡ
½ʯǰʵ, Ůӵ˭ôϵ
¶֪˲, Ҳδ˵ռȻѾϣٲպ󻹻ĪϣܵǰĲ, ǱѵʹϷ˵ˡ
ĩֵ, ˵֮ǰʱƽһΣ˵˼仰û뵽ԷֱҾȥˡ
Ŀϵʵʲô㣿ҿŲپʿĻ֮ܵöԷ۵ȴࡣ
ĵ٩, ǱΪβԣ
Ц, ҵĲˡ
̲סЦˣҼȻѾȢӾҲκιϸˡ
𷽲ŵμ˲Ц
ʱ纣, Ϊ飬񲿳ﱸ, ǰȻҲӲ۾, 纣е鷿̲סۡ
ɫƽȻЩɻȴҲûпѯʡ
β纣ֻƽ־롣
纣˵ҲԷκν, Ǳͷǡס
š纣ȥ׼
Ӳ纣ȻڿԺϺݡ
ݵΪƽ£
ЦЦĺȫ˶֪ƽǵġϸûȢ޵Ĳ𣿡
бһ۵ڻʼǲõġ
ãΪһ˷ŵܶҲڶ
纣Ϊ󳤹Ķʵʥϵĳ谮ǿ⿤ģڲʱƾ£纣ȻԸ
оԵǲ֪纣Ʒȴͬƽǣǣ²纣һ¾ǽһ˸ȥˡ
ҡͷĪҪ˵ˡ
˶ӣ˭̸֪ľͰһƬ
˸ɢȥطڴϴĶ档
Ŀܵڵ˳ܣѾˡ
ԱҲָͷ˴Ȼ̴Ҳ˵ˣδ˵ֻƽ־á
˵ЦҲ¶Ҫ˵ƽйص¶ָҡ
ƳһۣǵȻҲᡣҲûɶоҪǿ϶ȱ첲ȵġ
䡣
Ǹ󣬡˵ҲôˣڼϸЩĲԣھ˶Ҳ֣һյñԷҪƽ̬úõְƷʱ㲻ֶ㶯֡
һĹҲˣ˵ӦһףպһΪͶӵΪۼҵĶ
ŶúõٸҵɽҺú׬Ǯʲô£ձ˵ĺôãҪپҪ٣Ǯ¶ġ
̲ססá
Цƿȥȥȥڶǰֶŵģİ۷ģٲעƤҪˡ
۸շһļʱЩȥˣʵ̫ˣһܱҭ
һԼ˯˯ʲô
۶ķˣҪԼ˵ԼҲԸԼһ˯ϲ˯ǷһΪ֪ϵʱ͹۲˯û˯Ȼ¶
˿ﻻˡ
߯ķˡ
ƺ⵽ӵ񣬲ЦСӣƺͦҵģҪȥ˯ȥ
ԺСȥסĺַ䣬һ᷿ݵǷסס᷿Լ㼾סȥҲеطסġ
̲ס̫Сˣҿɲġ
̾˿ðɡ
˼˽˵ʵžžĻᲢ࣬żҪˣõøôɿɿ졣
ϵʱ˯ź󱻽ŵСϣԼȥϴ裬ʱӣҵĻֱȥ˾ңһȥŷͷˡ
侻ҳǷҲûãҲ֪ǽˡ
һϲ漴ƹȥͼһ˶ľͰŤͷ
Ʈɢˮϣˮµķ֡
˹ָ
ֻѪӿͷƵӦһȻɿ¾ֱȥˡ
ûʹӵŽþòƽϢ
ԳԷЦרѪġ
ʱ˽ˮ˶ڴϣһͷ˯żԼŵʹһء
мձǴǣ̬ƽЩвҲ¡
вˡԼģЦֻںһ֮䡣
ǰղ̴˸˳⿼ǣҴĲ̴˵Ǵܷˮ׼ܵһס
һҪ⻹һֵĸоһ뿼óɼҫ棬һ滹뿼һֱȥطȥ
̴֪ҵ⣬ҲֻܿԱãٰ졣
ʵò纣Ѿĵߣ纣ϲĲţȥط˼Բڲ纣Ĺȱطְľ飬֮Ƕ˽ᵽյĿ࣬λô̰
ԽͰĿˡ
ڶοʼÿվۼһ飬Ϊ˼鷳Ҳٳţڼ麢ӣżİæ
¥żºƽȥҾ¥鷳¥ƽء
ƽձ棬Ȼˬ졣ƽӹıңοɼסڲ̸Ҳûޣֻйߡ
ȥ¥ȥŽںЩǾٰĻᡣߵѾǶƽ˼
ƽŲһ٣ͷҲá
ǻ꣬¥ۼ˲ٵľӣΧһٵϢҲ̽һѧʡ
ƽãиĵҲסߴաͼ˸ߵھ¥˵Ĺע
ڹ԰ſʱۼñƽϣɼȴƽ棬Ϊˣԭֻ¥ƣȴ뾹ƽ
Ǻûᣡ
ż̬ѧ˼֣ɹƽע⡣
ҪвţòҲƾѧļ־ƽۡƽлһȦĿȻ˵ͷ¥İᡣ
вڴȻһƽߵŮǰˣ̹ϲ¥
˾¥һӦȫŮȴȥԡ£űƽڵİᡣ
ԡʱ˲룬˰˷ܣͷþƺòѾںãƽλϹ۾
ƽòҲ˵Ůȥ㱧һ׹ػ
Ϊƽ½ȴŵһζԭ̾͹ȥˣɢʱƽ˽ܳˮ壬ζƺʹͷɢġ
ƽƺ˲٣˫룬һ˫ϲͣĶţôˣò
ǡûʶҲô˵λҶȥ
Ȼƽȴȥʱ󾪣ɿĳ֣
ƽ⵽ı仯۵ôˣҲˣ
ǡ£²ܡ
ž
һ˦ϡ
̱
ƽӱ㲻ôˬ죬˽ܵطˮ壬ͷҲʱʹܾ϶ˡ
ҲɵοȥƽȻ뱻Ⱦϻ
֪ƽ㣬û뵽ȾֲȾֲзҼȥ
֪ǲƽҪæǸ¶ۣȥéޡ
ȻƽĿ⻰ֻ֮ʣȻŭһؿϡ
ûһ߷ɣԴһײſڵĵϡ
Դκվƽƽͷϣֺƣһ̲ޣǰֱӳԴȥ
ʧɫ󺰣
ϧˣҲˣһµȥԴֱ˶ɫĶ˳
ƽ˫Ŀ죬ƾҲң
ˡ
Ϣ΢ǸһᣬˡҲ˼ˡ


 73 

ƽҺһһȥʱﾹȻַ˷, ŷŻӴ˿һһ㲻𣿺, ƾ㣬ʲôҲ䣡
ϾǴȥ, ¥İҲ˳ȥܵô٣˱, ǡ͵͵ûл, 뾹ȵűΰʵص
֮ûˡ
ſվƽŮͷƺͼֲ, , İ˵Ȳÿǰ
ŮҲ֣ᴫҲҶ
Ůһ۶Щ£òΪߴǿɣ
˸ҪͻȻƽ, , ң
¥ͻȻС˳߹, λСӵС, ǹӿɻ, ȥܲܰæһǹӣ
ͷڼŮͻȻȷͷ׷ˣһ˵ǲʶʲôӡ
СЦ, Ҳĸλү˵ǹǸλģ˵ǿ룬£ͷ
δ˵꣬ͻȻ򿪣һʬͷ˳ͷһƬѪģװ׺òˡ
˵ŮСҲһ
Ƿ˵С˴ŵӶ࿴һۣʱеɱˣƽɱˣ
쳹¥¥
ʼٸߣƽվſڣС翴ˣĮĳŮȥҸ˹
ŮҲŸᣬսսˡ
ˣ
ƽĿŲͻȻѹģ

ͷԼ˫֣˿̵ûѪȴѪ
ƽɱǹӣС˸ȣƽɱĿ˵ĵֶӣ
ƽٻҲδɱˣ˿⻰ʱ׻ҡͷңҡ
ɰڿһˣƽӳģ¶ɡ
ƽŮ˵ѽңң
ŮҲŵĲᣬվԼߣԣǿǱԩˡ
˭˵¥µ˶ˣСָƽɱǹӣ
ƽһС¶ͷЩƳһ۴æŲߣȫҿƽ
ƽŵþһصһŹϣңңң
¥һƬңþҲˡ
˵ˣƽΪʱһʱ䶼֪˵ʲôˡ
˶ǵĵˣҶʲôöþ¶ƽҲһùźء
ֻƽŮڣֻôһŮѰ簮ĺܣƽҲľͷƽùˡ
пôû뵽Եƽˣ뱨Ҳˡ
ȴ˿Цⲻã˭ԽǶɡһƽ£ҿ϶ҲưոݣٲΪ߶ЩôƽȻҲͣһӡ
⵹ҲǡЦǲ֪ڼƽƽһŮ˸ġĪûźƽ˵ƽʲô˵ã
ҡͷͲ֪ˡ
¶˵ҲˣôǽҲõƽ鷳ˡ
ÿרĶ飬Ŵ£ֻȴǵ
¶ھȴȻ󲨣ĸɽֻүҲһҡһкĿĶóе̬ĸΪֱϵ޷
ڣǵĿ״ľӼҲǲͣ˶ڲ²ƽΪɱˡ
һǾӶûվΪͷˡ
ѵõͣģֳŲ鿴¥Ľȡ
ԭǲ¥װ껹ǲѾȻһ£ܹõĲѾڷ룬Ĵãܰʵİᡣ¥רŵĹңֺǸ󳤹׼ģĹպ˿λ۸ߵλ
¥еÿһҪΪպԴơ
º˷ܵĶԽô𣿡
ĵͷܲ⡣
⻰ﵹǵͷһθæļºȴ˻ˣ˷ܵվﲻ֪ǺãæʵǶҸɶ
Ƴһۣպɣðʲôү͵õʹʲôȥɣҲ˽ιý𣿡
ﵱӦ¡
ϴ󳤹Ŵպ󲻿ֻһ¥ܲһܣպܹռ̸ºҲûʲôá
ЦǴ˳ҪٵģʱĶӿĶʱǷ޻Ҫߵġ
º轹أء
ȻǸˡ˸ҲӴصģֻȴֻСһŲҪԸҪҲҪģ𣿡
ҾܷġСҲ˸ɾЦ˵
˭뵽ǰǴʡˣȴ˾¥ƹأ˻ȢϲĹһжǶҵĶݣûжڵĺӡ
˳յѵʦǼÿնںǣ˵ģķ˶ʩЩСˡ
˵̲סЦˣЩС滹ижˣǸյķ˺󼸸СȻϴĸɸɾûʲôܸɵĻøǮֻϵķ˾ͳɡ
̾˿ǳԲ˵ķֻӵǿȴ˼ζʵϸɵҲνպ˵ĵطء
ʵҲ˼˱ȥȥӲѡЩСͬͶ󣬽ҲʡġӦСףҲǰ˵Ǿ¥Ҫǩġ
齻˾¥ִȥУеҲʶæд
˵Ժӵʱе˵ʳǸ¿϶࣬΢ƫԶЩĵطеģǵط˵㣬ǮҲһЩʱЩ߽Ҳһס
ʱȥ
ھͿȥе˵
˫ֱ˵ĵطȥˣǵطŴʱӺǺԶλ΢ƫƧܱסһԺӣŵҲ
һСԺǰе˵ס˶ͷСȫ϶û⡣
̧ͷԺӣȷôãǾϻܽܣϾԺӿɱѶˣǮ򲻵
ȥתһȦףʼǮ
еһָͷһǧ
ЦŰɡ
תе˼ˣ˵ӣ
ָͷһ
̫̫⻰˵ġе˱ΪԷܶһ㣬û뵽˼Ҹ֪飬Ȼ̼ҵԷ˵ˡ
Ҫٸǵ㣿еЩۣǮ׬е׬̫ˡ
˰ʮĽҲںֻɰҿһ˵ʱɲܿңһҪʮˣһĻ첻̤ʵģȥҲ̷˸浽󳤹ȥҿССģں棬㶮İɣ
еĸҲæͷ
󽪾ȥŰӽҲھԺˡ
ʱƽǵˣռùʳϿڴ󳤹³ֱԺȥ
վſڿԶﲻĬĬһ˳˳ġ
лҪ˵ǺǺǣҽҲŻῪһٺϡ֪ûϲ
ⱾţҲˡ

 74 

ǵĶ, ͣҲо⣬ղһ, Խ˼֡
߼ȥҲ˯ˣֽ̿̿ʿʼд¥Ĳ˵ӡ
ǲˮغֻسǣߴٹ˶, Ҫ¥ȻҪ׬ٹ˵Ǯʳӱóһ棬һЩ߶ָĲɫҲȥ
дͷ춼͸, Ľ˯ŵļ˻ŵ, ŵɩ󳤹ǵڿ㶼, ˴󳤹Ͳ̷˵ĸ, λ̫̫ס
üӦһҴȥɺã
æҡͷЩɩ, ҡҲȥ
ĵһռıڷڲԸǹȥ, ھü, ʮˡ
׶ɩ˼, ǡ
ǲԸˣС, ദ˼ԼʵϲӲ鷳
ĺҡͷ, Ҫ˵ġ
֪Ͷ粻ϼҳ׵˼ȶʶ˶࣬ĵλҲܸźһЩҸõżҡ
ԥžǸŴ̫ˣҲܹһһķԸޡ
̲͡סЦˣΪҴȥ󳤹Ͳ̷˾Ϊ˸żң
ЦҡͷЩ·ģһȥΪȫǣȥΪ㹦ͣȲ̷ǲʣֱӹȥ̷˺ʹ󳤹ýҲҪʹҺ׸ġ
ô˵ĲŲ˼ЦЦãȥ
պ󲻹ܼ޸˭Ҫ£ҺĺܡŮвɵСų˶Ҽӣ
ţɩġü䣬Цʱ뼾Ƽˡ
һùź󽪾ͼĴȥٶø󳤹밲ŽǴǵһŮ쾹ѵõĶ˴󳤹ˡ
ǹɩˣ׷׿˹
ѽãʲôʱôһƯǼԪã
һݾܵΧۣͬݵɩӾȳ
ǣżĵֹȥ밲ЦСüģģλ밲
ǡǰѧѧأҲ󷽡ĺÿֺãʱĿǰһ
̷ЦȻ޵ò˵ҵĺӳľǺãԭΪ๻ˣû뵽Ƶڹϸӵĺÿˡ
æл̷Ц˵ɡ
ڽߣʾҪšĺô˿
󳤹£̷ˣľֹͨλһЩϣֳɩɩǲҪ˵űӣҽ·ȡ˹
̷˾ȵСģǿɵơ
ϣ̷˴ȡһƣȻѽһ⣬·ܴ
һ˵󳤹ͼϱҲ׷״˹ʱܴ
ЦȻܴ
˵˽һ·ĺô˵λϱǺģ۾һˣǴ󳤹ЦϸƵȷӵŮˣǰǷˣƺ·ʱôСˣ
ǽϵЦ󳤹˵ûѹҴ·ﲻᴹ
Ů˶ʱƳԼģȻԽĻ̷ͬ˺ʹ󳤹Щϱȴý湻󵨡
ս¬ϣֹ䣬¬϶ʱһƬЦһѣˣʲô˵
󳤹Ц͵͵˵ʲô
¬ϲ˼˵ڣһۡ
󳤹Ҳˣıǰ˵װˣ̷һСͳԹӵʱһأѳߴ綼ˣʵѵá
󳤹Ҳͷֹȷ֣ͣҼǵͷ棬ʺСﴩˣǲ̼ʲôãȱ
Ķ˼ˣæ󳤹ʹãͲ̼ҶǵİæΪЩӦõģʹ͡
̷Цĸ͵žͺãȻպֵ߶Ū˺öû͡
ĲȥЦϽл˼ң
ֻл
ϱԵջȥ̷ֵСյǲСҼҵĻ̫۾ˡ
׵Ҳô˵ȴТɩҲ˵˲ѽպ󰲶ȻҪ뼸רġװ׺Ʒͼֽս̸պʹ󳤹Ҳø
̷ûоܾҲá
˵Ҳ˵мƥŮӴĲϣȡøĹ
ļȳʱˣǰʱһ굽ͷ˼·ɩӺˣ·Ҳ⾩ĴǺͲǺüƥ͡
Ц̷ƫģƯСﶼ⺢ˡ
ϱ̷Ц㻹Сˣ๫ȥ
ʱЦһš
˵̷ֵմһ㲻ģ
صģѧʶǵҪҲߣϾͳɣܶ׻ףɡ
Ҫ󻹲ߣһμӵľжˣܹ¼ȡˣ̷Ǳ״Ԫȥİɣ
üһ̽أ
̷˶ʱЦҲĺãܡ
ٶóһ·潪˿ԺһأĲź˿ɩǴ˼ҶôͶ𣿡
һ󳤹ֵλˣͶȫƾ飬ϲʲôãϲɫø㣬ǳĳ󳤹ϲ㣬Բͷ棬űǣպʱʱ𣿡
ĸϽͷˡ
ɫҲǵˣȥ󳤹һλֹԸ⣿
ͷԸ⡣һպ統˴٣Լǲ˵ȥඪ
ôãЦ̫Բұȥ󳤹ʱҪѧ𣿶ҲֹѧǣҲҪѧ
ãһúѧֱղʶ˴˼ҵദǲ̫ԶҪǶɩţԼҵЩǰȥ
ȼĳȥˣſճʱ뼾
ʱ伾ڷܱʼɡ
ĲʱĹԺһƬܵǲμӻԵĶǸʡ̳ɽֱÿųһҵľˣŵľǧˡ
ǧѡٸеļѡҽʿҲָߵͣ׵Ŀͬʿһ׵ͷƲ϶ס
֮ǰ˵ҲȫԣֻҪоͺãȻμӴǾû˲뿼һ׵ġܵһǿð̵ĺ£ҫ˵ľ
̬ƽȣ䱻ѵһ֮ͨƽȣſϵĿʱҲûκεĲ
һͷһһҪдƪ³ƪеһƪ֮ءԼϰߣƪдּһʱʱϵûȼ
ͷ𣬼׼ˡһϵ̺󣬿͵ĹԱУھעµ˹Ժſڡ
ȵһʱˣȳ˹Ժ
ͷɫѺڣϹιһһڿˡ


 75 

ڹԺͷûһݵûƼ, ȴƼղ־ˡ
Դ˾˫δ㿼֮һ۾ۣû뵽յˡ
˫, ղ־Σ
ЦҡͷĪҪ˵, 㲻Ҫ롣
ԶԶԡղ־Ц֪
ε, ֵĴ, 벻֪ѡ
ƽȥ㣿ղ־˵ž˵æ˵, ġ
ν, ֻްҲˡ
˵ͼղ־Ŀ¶ɻͷȥ, ôˣ
, ɫʱһڹԺǰ㳡Զͣһɫ, ĳӱƿڳ¶ƽ˭
ŴǵĹϵ, ԺǰĹ㳡͵·л, ڻƽһ˲˲ĶĿ繣üһŻ
ղ־ɫãæʵ, 岻ʣ
ջĿ⣬ЦЩ˶ĵĲᡣ
ղ־Խĺڣѻ죬Ȼϣʵڻ
ղֲ˵ҲЦֻǲ֪ԼͷҲܹ
֮ǵ˶֪˭ΪˣҲע⣬Ŀ״ʵڶ࣬ƽϵѪֲܷϡ
ƽھǷǻʼҲöڼȥǣ뾹ȻܵԺſˡ
˵꣬һŮӣǿȥһ𡣡
ƺӦæᵢ鹫Ӻܳʱġ
뿤ʶŮˡܴ
ŮӦȴͨһ£ͷӹȥ뿤һ𣬷Ҫǵģ˹ӡ
ʱԺǡɳһЩӣݺ½УƼߵĶϾһŮڼǰͷʵ̫ˡ
Ŀ䣬׹Ů˼ƽӵ̧ᷳȥƽĿ⣬ƽ¶һĨ͵Ц
Цȴüͬ߶һ㡣
ȷƽȶߣü̲ס
ջĿ⣬Χ߸ӶŮкιϵ
ŮȻ̧ͷĿľͷȥصĿͷӣӾһ
ԪαΪһŮԱһЦŮȻˣҲˣ֮ǰ뼾ԪԪȥֺη
ȥֺηЦǹӿɷǰȥƽ
塢ƽ϶ʱһڨЦԪ⻰˵ģƽļԪûнǰȥ
Ȼûȥ˵ЩʲôݴӲԶŶԷЦ˵ֻǿֲ´֪ƽΣգҲҪȰǰȥ˵Ǻξģֻ˵㱾ƽˣʴһ˵
˵ĺĿֱָ˵ȫʵһ㡣
ƽֵ˾֪֮˸Ŀڴ£ֻҪɵȥƽƫƫиɵľֲ´˵⻰ֱǲ֪ν
ŮһֱڿͷͷĳѪ
뻢ıƤʱ֪Ȱ裬ԳײߣˣѵҲǵļ
ȥɡ˵꣬ǰȥˡ
½ҲΧ΢΢׸ˡ
ղ־ŷ˵֮Цջؿ㣬һҲˡ
վɫһ׶ʱһģղ־ʶģɷûпԷôֳˣ
æ͵ղҽ͡
͡ղ־ֵĻһǡ
ղ־һߣվվΧľӷ׷ԶЩ±մȾϱ㲻֪ʱˡ
߳ȥԶݵĪҪΪӰ񡣡
ЦַģԲ˸ϣֺοΪ˲ֵõӰԼ
ϣĿ񣬡֮ʱҪ߾ˣġ
Ϊ㲻˵㲻֪ˣݵ˵º߶㿴ŰɣվǱ֪ƽ¡
üͷһ壬Ц˵ǣȥұ˵һġ
û˵ǰУûһͻȻͣ£żͷ˺ɡ
ɫһ־ùƿƼƽվ·뵲·ɻͷƳۼ
ΪʼѪʧݵΪá
ƽ˫ĿˣʱһĺƺʹɱңԴɽһұ˼㣬ʱ޿̲£ο˴ң
˶ٰ˵˵ͷĲԣһԣĲģΪΪξץңҪʵڲңҿָ췢ġ
˵ƽƷģϣαˣȢӣ뿤زʶαؿƣ֮ΪΣ֪Ƿ˭ţ
˵㽫ӷ£Գ·
Ӧһæתͷڻδ߳ȥԶߵ·Ҳܵͷ
ɣ
ƽһջļҲ̲סóס졣
¡
ʱһ㶣ű㲻Ц
ͷƽԶȥֱӹݵݹĲˮε֣Ц
ȷЦʵôϲЦŵȴ̲סЦԽʶľԽüȤոǵ˶壬ƽϲĸãȻ㣬ù
Цݺ治һܹܵġ
У˽ʱڵ˲̸
ʱ̸ƻͨʱ½ͺҲյ˼æ·Ͽʲôӣ
̲סЦһˣˡ
ôһ˵½˱׹Ŀⶼͬ顣
ǵģڰֵ˵Ȼȥƶȥ
Ӱɡ½̲ס
߳ȥֻͷ½ûɩ˺ֶ˰ɣ
½ʱЦˡ
Ժã뼸˸͸ϽȥǰԺ·ż̸ү˵䴺ǵ£Է֪һ۵ĺæȥϢˡ
ȥʱǰϰ˷ˣϴֳԷ
أûƼӲʵ
εĽӹȥˣ˵ҹӰϢ˯ա
ȣûڣ
ʣӻڣ
аɣӺĲڡ
£˵ЩлţΨûᴺǵ¶
̲סʣӾͲʽմΪ򿼵Σ
̧ͷܿĲã
һͷЦӶΪ
һһ㡣ЦҲǵĸѹѾһ˵벻˵𲻴νʲʡղʵȫҲҪʵġ
һѲˡ
ζΪѵˣ
һĬȻˣˣ˵ʲôʲôܹӵĻǶԵġ
˼·Ϸ£Щ˵ˣ̫Ӱˡ
лҪ˵ҪŰٺİϲٺĵĿԺ~
ԤհٺġɰܶСҺŮһˡղ
˫Ӱ𴩳ɺ޹ѸȰ󶨶񶾼ĸϵͳ
ϵͳҪ뱣һ޴Ķ񶾼ĸԲɢŮΪΣһϸĵʯ
ǰ˹ĿŮ̧°İ֧Ʊ˹ȥ뿪Ҷӣ
븵֧ƱˣתͷĿһָˣҿ׷
𣺣
˦ȥ֧ƱֱݻȥǼ㻨
𣺣
һ籾ŵǰǴǶϲǾͰ
𣺰ְ֣
*
˶ˣɢܺ͸Ȼ͸˫ԡ
һ˫Ů磬һμգĻ⡣
ܣûģֻҡ
Ÿ°һ£װģ˭ˡ
ĳ磺㡣
ܣ

 76 

мҪ˵
˼ǰ˿е֪׿ڸ, ġ
Σ˵
򴽣Ȼ, ս˿˹ԺƽŮһ𡣡
ûȥ϶˵
Цѵ, ȥûȥ
Ӧһ㵽ȥûȥȥҿ϶㹷ȡ
ӦŶԡĵͷ, ûȥ, ȻŮͷңȻҲûȥñֳǱһ˳, ˭֪ƽĲ, ˵һЩŻĻȻԴǵľܾͻˡ
˽⵽ǰҲöģƽһϴ¶, һ߻üĲ˵ƽǰ, ˭ǰգ
ɷнµĵͷȻĴָԪĺܶ, ֵý͡
һͼ۾ˣкνͣ
˫°۾ֱĿգգ, ѽ
ĵӺ˽, ȴǹˣҡ
ү̫̫󳤹ˡ
Щź, վӦһͳȥ˵ֳҵʱʰӡ
ʱЦ̱
ȥ˴ͻȴ֮ǰΪ·֣˳Ҳ£󳤹˵ڶ͵ԻȫڹԺʱüԪˡ
ͽæл֣һںˣŶõĹ󳤹֪ˡ
³׳治ϡ
̲סЦˣȥϴϢɡ
ʱҹѾˣϴ˯²ᣬڶһùŲ纣㽫˽ȥ鷿տԵĴĬд
ȫд纣ҲδƷǻȥϰˡ
Ժ½̲סҾһˣ󻹵һˡ
Ƴһ۵δʱ˵ɥƺЩ̫ˡ
ǿͷ֪½ǵͷ˵Ҳǣڻᣬ˹ˡ
ͷ˵ǣܹĶ࣬½ѧʶܽҹҰβ˾ѾԤϡ˵嶤
ЦȻǺβƽ̬͵ǰһγʶˡ
˵֮ȥ鱾顣
˶ʮһٴ볡ںڼϢһڶռԡ
ϴε½ֱӸ˺ƺƵǰȥӼ
󳤹Ҳ٣뽪˾ۼһ׳ۣŽ˵Ƽ̻λмҵӵܹء
һʲ֪ɽԪӲķİȫˡ
˷׷żԪǸģӼҾһڵؿ˺ü¥ӣϲ̴ˣ̿ɱȻ׹Ҳˡ
Ȼȴ˷վͲˣƽ֮²Ųĵġ
ҲǣƽǺ˭ֵˣͶƽ⡣һųԺĹȥǻ˵ã
۵ԽԽ࣬㴫Χ
ΧͣһƽһɫͷۣƽǺ޵ҧгݡȥǽÿ뵽ĸ׵ĸֻ
ֻǵҲձ˽ܴͲʣҲʱĳʹ
ʵܺµģԼ˻򶼲ҿԼﶼ˵˵ˣﻹָζԴء
ȥˮҪϴһ¡ƽüͷŲһƨɣԽܡ
ŮһֹƽѾãƽֲȥŮĶʼˣһƽиʲô飬Ѵ̡
Ůŵӵȥ򡭡
ʲô򣡡ƽѹȵЩͼ˿ҵӣʲôģ
ƽͷ걻Ůһ˵ʱŮЦˣ̧ŮԴϣŮʱߵײڳϡ
ŮҲҺæģū֪ū֪ˣ
ƽͷһʹи˺СϵĲŮĶͷϣƽ̲ޣĿһľ˵ĸ̵ԭʯϣ˲Ů
ŮͷѪҺͻȻŷƽһڶʱһƬѪȡ
ͷԼƺҲû⣬˭֪ȴƮѪζʱӵûŵһѪζ
һҲ׷ӣȻŵŨѪζ
ѯʣͻȻɫͻȻӳһ˶һƾһŮˣͷиѪðѪŮƺδ͸ֳķİ󣬡
Ůӻζһ£ͷ˾ŵƽ
ƽɱˣ
ֳʱһƬҡ
ƽͻȻ˿񾹳ŽײȥܵһƬţ׷׶֮֡
󳤹ĻԭǻǷ޵ģΣæжǰ׼ʱɱ
ڣƿĳܴܹʱܿѪˣƽ˭
ɽӣȴǵ̫̫㡣
˵ӣȻȻıסһģ
¡
󳤹ĻǰģһƥסǾİ׻ˡ
ƽѪһʱֻó죬ҪѪƽϢŭ
ΪοΪ
ȻϣҲ׽ǳıã˸ӣѽɱˣպٰѽĶɱˣˣ
ƽҪЮ򳯽ײȥ
û󳤹ĻΪ󳤹˻ΪһɵĸΪѡ
ϧƽ󳤹Ļס׼ɱʱΪʱλε򷢷ƥƥ˻һѪֱ˳Ȼء
ˤڵѾûϢƽָָķ˹ȥ
̾˿ԸƽҪˣȻЩɾͱˡ
ƽ˴Ӻͷ޺Žƽ̧ƽۣƳ۽һҵˡ
̲סЦˣƽģ˾̲סźݻⶼǰ
ޣ
ӯӯһݣ˼ҵˣǶ϶ˣⱲҵˣҵĹͼȾָи֮ͼıɱӣֽûʼںεءǺΪ֮ĺá
˵ЦЦֵȻĿȴδ䵽ƽϡ
ƽˣ̧ȥҽˡ
ŶԷԶϿҵĶԴ󳤹Ļллλ˾֮ջΪ鷳ˣƽѰ𣬾Ƶϱǡ
ǻӳȴǣ֮±ƽдȣ㻻ǼҲ¡̫̫ĪҪˣǴ󳤹Ļ򹷻ÿˣƽҪﾡǣû̫̫ĵҷ֮±֣̫̫ԼҲҲǼ㲻ҲӦ˵ġ̫̫ĪҪ˵
Է˵һжϺ˿డУȥҪЩóԵǴлȥ
˵ţԺŴ󿪣Ϊһ˳


 77 

ŷͻĵطŹԺſڻһξ, ԺľʿʱѾˡ
ԺŴʱѾָ糣ʱ佥, ˵ĸҲصԶǰͷ㳡ȥˡ
һһ۾ƼӯӯվȺУܱߵȺ˵˲, һ۾Ƽ
ӡ죬ž̫Զû
ЦЦ, ż
δ˼й, ƺǰѾˣ첽˹
Ⱥܾˣܱ˵Χۣ, üͷһ, ôô
ҡͷģȥϵȻȣ
ϰɡ˵Ŵ˼Ȼ˵Ⱥݵˡ
ů¯ϵĲˮݸ, Ⱥȿˮɤӡ
Ŵʱ, һʱ伾ǲԲȵģԳʱⴽǸѡ
Ҳûƾ, ӹһ˼ʵ, ûʲô˰ɣ
ƽ˶, ɱԼŮ󷢷óݳװңȻ󱻴󳤹Ļɱˡ
˵ƽû۸, ȴĻŭڣôң
סֵҲ󳤹ģĪҪģҲǱ̧Żȥġ˶ټƺЩ⣬˵Ǹ񾭲ء
ЦȻ񾭲͸˩óˡڹԺſ£ŰɣձضԹٵֻҪɵͲٷˡ
ԸˡСϵĳóһһӡ
ĳ飬ݵ˵˽˵һ˲źƺƵ˲̸
̸ڲ̷˺ʹ󳤹˵֮£̷ϴűĵʼҾʵʧͳ
󳤹˫Ŀ΢ŵķһûһתţβŵĸŮھǾͷɧĺܣû뵽˸
΢΢̾ҲûϵƽˣΧܵļʱȻĻ¡
ƽȻװųƨϴһƥŷ񡣵ʱΧܵĲ챻һϲҲòзϡ
󳤹Īʱˡ
˵ڶ磬Ŵ¬֪糯ʱʮλԹٵŮ޷ЩԹʾƽ֤ݡ
󳤹һҲ˻֤ȷ䣬ʥ»һ֮Ҳòжϡ
ʥϽּﲻĸŲ㣬ߣȥƽķŽΪƽ
˵ӷͬʼķܹõͷмƽƱߣųƽ񣬿ɳŮγɵƽ
˵׻ʥϿˡ
ʥּһ£ʥ˸̸ĲƷԻ󳤹ġ
󳤹Цʵ۴ˣòˡ
ɽ֪д󳤹ǰĹڣʥϱ㲻Դ󳤹Ρ
ƽӦýˣߣźȻҪգԶʮ弾˲μӵǿʱΪƽ
ƵʱֽڹԺſڵȺ֮һͬؼҡ
ϴڵҹ
ڶռȥǰԺ鷿⼸˽ӵȫĬд
Ȼⲻ꣬Ͼǹ˺滹еԣԹʸμӺԺĹѡҪԡ
ԺֻҪ׼Լɡ
ԼĿǰǲܷɣҲû֮ǰˡ
½Ծλ㲻룬ֻ׼ս˶Լģȴ֪ٵϲҲ˵󻰡
纣˶ʮʱпУǵһһˣȻֻģѧѧĶʵ
˵ۼͺܵѧʵµĿ̶ȴݡ
æǫѷлл˿佱
纣̾˿ʶ㣬Ҳʶ㣬һЩҪϼıҪ׼Ҳ²ο϶㣬˳ɼҲ
ʱѾ괺ǲ纣˵Ҳܻ䣬Ŀ佱еġ
½ȻЩʧ䵫ҲΪͬģãȻˣǶͶǣǿɲܲҡ
ü˭
ҲЦǣʱͲϵˡ
ǵ½̾
纣Цƺ뵽μӴǵʱҲѾʮˡ
ĳ½ϵįԵ½°Ҳ˿ζˡ
½˼ЦЦ̴ˣѾ׼ˡ
š̬Ǽ¡纣ǲ㣬㻹̸̸ӭ㡣
½ʱ˷ǣǲ̴˴
ϤˣҲ֪纣ǰ˵ҲࡣҲΪһ½˵ˡ
ǵĽҪµײܳϢֿʼˡ
ѵõĿУȥ¥ǱۣͷװѾŪãΰҲȫӺõҲѾŵλڹҲڲ̸ܼҵǣҵʵˣսҪȫǩԼ
ֻӿӪҵˡ
ھ¥ֱ֣ص¥ڽҪ¥ȥ
ص̸ȥ̷˵˵¥飬ĩ˵ŴŰտҵΣ
̷ЦӯӯСӣ۵ƣƺܴЦ￴ˡЦЦȻǺá
ʱԹʳЦһҪϣǸëѪཷţҪϣҿ϶ϲ
ЦǷϲˣ
̷ҲƾܣСǲ̴ϲ㡣
˵ÿʱ˻һЩȻĻûֺò纣ˡϾء
ϼʱ򽪾̴˸¥ֺңΣ
ҡͷ̴˲һܴӦ
Цǲһ
˺ü纣ϲĲɫͼʳ˹ȥ
̷ЦǷһ϶¡
纣мµȷڲ̴ˡ
纣ʳ˵ζӣ˵˵ǲϹصҶӦ
˭ǰ᲻ϹصĻ̷̲ס²ۣû˵ʲôͿʼ̶
纣ˣʾ⽪˵
¥ڴŰտҵ̴˰æֺң̴֪ܷӦ
纣Ƭ̣Ŀʳϣͷɡ
ʱЦˣæʳзȽ˳
۵ĺǲģΪֺò纣ҲǴѿġڲ纣ȻĳֻҪֵҪ󲻻᲻Ӧ
ЩԺԱΪ׬ȡʷѣ纣ȻҪܵī׬ˡ
纣һ޲ڵ˵ζհȡ֡
лˡЦŵл
纣ת֮ȻպҪٵˣְܹСñֳģΪԱļҲҪΪ룬ĪĨڡ
֣صĳһģȻˣ˵ĵ߶ڣϲᳶȡǡǡ෴Ҫһ̣÷ȫ޺֮ǡ
纣Цˣĸûп㡣


 78 

ܵò纣Ŀ϶, Ǹ˵ģ˵Ըһ໥, ΪṩǮΪǮк֮ǣҲܸõķչ
, ס֣۾ʱĿ, ǧ顣
̲סЦ, ôң
һЦӣлл㡣
޼ллȥĶۡ˻ǣŵֵ, ˵, ûҲǮ
ڶսȥȡ֣纣ˣ˿ּܸܵм͸¶ĸ߽࣬æȥ, ĶҲ½׼
˵׼õ, ȻǶµѾٽ, Թֱӱ޳⣬Ȳ˵û޳
ЩȲ, ˬɿڵСҲҪ׼ȫ
ھ¥¿, д˳ﻹĹʣͷд˾¥ĵַ˷ַǵСǴȥ
浥ɾ¥дֵĻƺƹдղдģŰǰձ㵽ַøȥơ
Ȼ, ΪͷҲд˿ŵвƷһɰۣԲóԲҪǮ⻰
¥½ʿνֵ·ϣȻǶҪλãʱҲ𱬡ţֻҪβɫù˿⣬һһ𱬡
ڵ˶¶ʮˣǷŰ֮գһ罪ˣͷɫô磿Ҫһȥ
֪Ҫȥ¥鿴׼ֱ׼·
סմǷŰɻǵã
ףȻǵãȥˣҾͲȥˡȥ¥ȥ
ֽҲûƾܣϴݣ˰չ˼¥ȥˡ
ʱɫ磬΢΢Щ⣬ʱ·ѾмߵˡմǷŰ˶ΪȥԺſռλãȰϺÿԼǲϰˡ
ϵģΪ⣬ɼǶ˵ģЩЩһ
ȴôΪ˺ʮصȵıǽգֻҪҲǸͬʿͬʿȻҲ١Ȼһʱ俴ԼĳɼһЩûȥˣﷴǣһ˻ûУһԼ˼롣翴
˵ͼĿƵĿȻҲż
ͷԣԪżеġ
ϴЦ⣬ԣͬʿҲ
׽ʿȥطʲô٣ԹŴĹְǺ˽⣬Ժܺ档
˵οǰЩܵøֱƷƹ٣ݸй١
ɻˣǸʲôĹٶ
ͣƹ޼Ƶ䡣йְҲࡣ
һ˵ˣ൱ںļְ֮ˡ
˵ͣ£лӭ¥Աſڹӭҡ
ͷϵʵ׼ˣ
Կҵо飬濼ǵȫھЩ
ЦʲôǵտǴ󳤹޹ģﻹб˼ҸԵģ
̫̫˵ǡ΢ģżҲʵүҪҪȥ񣿡
νѾȥˣ㲻ȥˡ
ûٶʣտҵͷæֵʡʡ
ڼ䣬ȥźˣʱɫѾ·ԽĶˡ
ҵʱǶõģŰʱһµġÿһδǣÿʱ򾩳ǵİնſ֣ҪüյĹ򽫾¥ȥȵԽʿνֵʱŻ𱬡
ʱٽ˷׷æµʱһſڵıž
¥ԭĲ¥ɵģⲻãסܱߵҲ֪¥ԭǴ󳤹µĲҵ
󳤹Ĳҵڶ࣬ںһ¥Ƿ׬Ǯ֪˱ƣܵ˴󳤹¥¥ĵǺˡ
һɽֱԪӿģö˱Ӻ档
ſڵԽԽ࣬дõĹˮ㷢˳ȥںУ±ѾˣζƮʳҲˡ
ûֵܹסʳջ½ǿ֮ա
꣬վſڸΧ˵˽վ¥Żݻ󻹵Ǿ¥ſԳԵĻ¶óԣſԳ֮ٽȥ
˵⻰뽪ȥϵĺ񣬶רŵĻ̧˼ŵſڵϣԱߵСϷ˲˵õСľǩ֡
ʳζӺƮɢϾŨǷŵſھͲһˣܿʳӣŵŨζ
ſڵ˷׷ӣ±⣿զô㣿
ʲôҲܺóԵӡ
Ȼ¥˵˿Գԣⲻȥˡ
ǱǰԳԣⶼгС飬˹һʱǰһҲδ˵ֱֳԱߵĲˣʱͷóԡ
˵ſ˺ƽȥˡ
˳Ҳ׷׹Ҫæ֯Ŷӣ³ʲôͻ
ȻҲ˵Ȳֱӽȥˣµľǳûλá
˶дģ˶ǰʱԼҲֹ׺òóԣ˶ȥʱַӵȥ
ȻڴʱԶͻȻĵűԶ˸ɽʿڴ˴
Ųһͣ˼һ۵ôˣ
Ҳ֪׷׳ȥǣҲӦԭ¥ϰղμء
ߺƽ˱㺰ϲɽʿлԪ
ϲĹٲԶſڵȴ¥ʱ̶ʱĿɨӣϹŵЦļϣ¥ϰ˻Ԫ
Ԫţ
ԪǱƻԵһ״ԪҲпܵİ
ϲĹٲܿ쵽˽ǰԷӻȡᣬλãȥЦֶ飬ڳ˶
ȻҲǸˣЦŶͣ
ҿźɰǰٲϡ
ΪˣҲӺݣǸӣսǰһʳвƷۣһٵһǧʳȫۣ
ã
Χ۵˶ʱкãȻѾȥ˸еңûڵ׷ߡ
¥ô¥¥Ǯ˳ԺȵĵطʱǮ˶¥һ¥á
¥˲æµûܽȥʳ˺ƽڣȻҪ϶¥ǰȥ
Цƴֻų˶û˼Ԫˡ
ǻȥдޱߵЦ⣬лԪȻܸˡ
˳˳ȥ̸ҲһϲȻǼˣһ˶סڲ̸ܹв̸ȻҲӡǽźյЩ˵Ĺϲ֮
ţƼǰԺۼ˲ˣǵ˽ǰһǺݺͺҲ˽ʿ
ڵʮݾȻڵھ
ŽǴǷŰ֮գԳ͢Աһյļ٣˽纣۾Цزסˡ
סڲ̼ĸˣȷеѾλθ߲˵лһԪʵй⡣
Ԫ纣Ц
һ䲻üҲʢЦ⡣
ݵ˷׷ǰϲΨһЩʧĴž½ˡ
һͬμһͬμӻԣǶˣȴûС
֪뷨δ䣬ͷС˺ˣ
½۾ʱˣȻ̧ͷȥȴǼСˣȻ˵ļˡ
У½үҲˣʮ
½ɴ۾ȻƤһʱ˹ȥ
һţͷүſ˵ǹؼүлԪġ
纣˱鲻ԣʵ˭ģ
˵ϵġ
ֵʱ
лҪ˵ҪţԾһ£ûж

 79 

һǰƽɱ¶ֵľǷз, ڹԺɱŮͼıӣνھǳˡ
Ȼǰͳ, ԣ˽㣬ֶ˼, νǳˡ
ǰճʷʥҲѾ, ұΪǼһͣ, ȴĸŮÿζڼɿʱٸһºݵġ
Եͷð̶Ĵϲ£ϲȻ˺
һƬž, ϶Щÿ, ڳ˲ǲ̼˱Ǽĺѣ²ǳͺļġ
ɫѿʲ纣̴, ĺܾܾ𣿡
Ǽϵĳֵĺܸ, û뵽Ȼͣǵ
Ȳ纣ش, ̾ǰһСڹԺſڹȻͼŭƥװ, Ǵ󳤹˼ҵĻ, ѾˣҼҺӲŰ꣬Ǿûˡ±ԼСĲǣȻʥѾ, СȴһǸĻûС
Ҳֻ˵أȴ˵Ǹìܱδ⣬кοɵصġ˵ţѰҲǺ˵ǲǣ
纣һۣȻϱ˵˵ֿأ
СҵӣԸԼҵĺ񡣡
纣׶˵ǾͲձǣ˵лԪδԣһɲա
лˡ纣ʩһл
纣֮Ҳһ䣬Ϊٵȷҫ壬ǲСıҲۼˡȡ˲ǲȡġֻ˽ʿ˾֮ͣǷһ롣ǼͬǺѣҲҪ໥Ѳǡ
ͬ½æӦǡ
ȴЩǣ̴ˣֱӾܾ᲻˽
纣ֱ˵Ҳ̼Ҳ˽űˣǺθɡ
ͼһۣæôʹá
ôʹá纣º͵Ц֪Ҳ֪ͨϲЩҲ̸һȻҪҵĻһգ˵յǻղɡ
˵Ȼ񲻽飬ȴҲڱǣüͽһů
纣ǸϲĪҪ붫ˡ
˵򽪾տǴϲӣϰ岻ǳԶٺõģ
ʱӦЦ¥¥أǽȥ
˶ʱЦ
½֪˵ˣ
Цǣˡ
ҾȻˣ½ͻȻЦһµҶţ
˻δ˵ͷбϲ֮˵ˣϲɽֱʿ½лԵڶʮ
ϲ֮˱һ·˿½ķλ飬½ɵˣҡҪͬʿˣ
ϵıЦãЩͬ½ˣ½˴εĳɼԳдرֻͬʿˡͬʿȻҲǽʿ׽ʿƲۡͬʿμӹѡ˵ʸûСԺֻܵȴٶֻˡ
纣ȴͬʿǲãֻǺҪŬУҪһʼ𣬸˽飬չδͲá
½ҲֻôοԼˣָܿ˵ǧǶٶѾˣЩ˵Ľء

˲μӻȫ˽ʿѾĺˣʲô㣬Һ׼
½Ħȭƣӣ罷ͷһݡ
Цãϡ
˵˻ؿԺϢʱ͵ã˵ǵͬꡣ
üĶԽ˯ϻд̷ǡ
뿪أ˯ȥʱѾҲѾˡ
Ƽ˼˱ˮˣҽš
ţһȦûƼӱ֪ӻûˡ
Цﲻϻ͸ʲôǵġ
üɲġ
Ӧһ˵Ķԡ
ȥӽӻ
ڣĲýӡ
һԸһԸˣ
Ǽ֪ĶԻ϶ȸһۡػһҲĺñκεʱףһ㶼ݺòá
ʱΪֵϲᰮЦĹùá
һùû¿ⱲôҲÿŹùź²ɡ
ʱ󳤹ڵĲ̼мҾ죬һƺƵ¥ȥ
¥ʱַǳλеʳͶֻһƴšŲϺţֻھ¥ͷŶӡ
ǽȥʱǱž¥ͷҲΪ˵ۿģ˭뵽¥ķĿɿأ
ζղܣëѪ˴㣬ỹĲɫǵǵĲ˵ϵķ˾ûвóԵġ
ѵõЩѰƽ۵ģҲʺϼҾʵеɫиߵʳʺϻ׹ԼŹġ
ʳǵĿ޾õĹ棬ȴӾ¥˻ղųԵʳζó𣿡
ʳͷ޲ڵóԣϻ
һʮʮ٣һĹ֪¥ʳ;ԽĶˡ
ʱףԹִ˼š
Ǵ󳤹ʱƼſֵľ󣬲̷ֱӣпҪӲˮһˣ
Ϊ¥ĶңҲЦĺϲ£죬ǫ⻹մ˴󳤹µĹ⣬ϾǴ󳤹ùĵ棬ҽջԷֵ˻ԪϲѶȻͶˡ
󳤹Ų˷档
󳤹һ˴Ӿ¥ٳֱͨ˶¥¥Ƶ߹ʱ˺ĸ
ܺ󳤹ĸȻǻˣ΢΢Ƴ۴󳤹Ȼϴ˲õ顣
ͷÿһ·ֻһӺݵŮ˵Ĵӵ³߶
΢밲纣˳Ů
һ⾹Ȼˡ
˸ϽȥĿɨɫȻ񡣡
󳤹Ҳţ
ЦŵͷżԪڴ˴˼¥ζĺã̲סźǹ֪ĸɷ㣬һţֶŮδʵ
治㡣󳤹ǲ̼ҵļ磬پۡ
ǡɨۼˣ˼Բ
󳤹üͷһҶѧһΪʦΪŸʲôþȵģ
ǡӦ£ϲ޲ãȵһͷĸ롣
󳤹һȴ¥ȥ
˱ںͷԪǾӪеѹϲ㡣
Ųһ٣ص˵Цˣ¥µĲҵӵļױũӵܣȫҲʮӣԵõȫҼӵģСϲ
Ա߽ߺЦĸ˸ޡ
˹գ
лҪ˵дǷˡ

 80 

𣿡Ϊ, ЦƳ۽˵ͷǲ
ǳĵл, л
δٶ˵߰תͷˡ
վԭ°ĵŮ⻹ģǵż˻Ԫǰ̲ԳְŮˣ
Ҳ̫߹ԼҺӵ˰ɣǿʱ, ָ͸ıˣ
߰ɡסǰȥĪ, ҡ
Ӧһ, ¡
¥󳤹ͣԭصǣʵ˵ʲôҲҪ, ֻܰȹ, ¶ҳš
󳤹ĻýжˣүǴģǺؼңٵ̼, һĴȸǱ, ˶鷳ѽ
ЦЦûʲô, ǿҺÿš
󳤹ʱЦȷʵֺÿġ
˶ʱЦ
¥Ტֻ, һǸרŸ󳤹׼, ĴͷһشĴԲͷľܹתӣӰڷʮ, ǼŸʮҲǿԵġ
󳤹һȥ㱻ˣӺãһСˡ
̼ụ̂ûӣһĺӾԵûô࣬ϽϺ󾹻˼λӡ
̷˸̾ò˵ϱӾǺʹķܹƶҲڶˡ
еġЦҲӣӵûߴϳɵһ䣬պǴ󳤹רõĹҡ
׼ģ󳤹Цеãպпڸˡ
󳤹Ǹϻ۵ˣ׽ķﲻңҲûƾܣ̷ֻ˵ԺǸĳĲҵĿζҾ߳ԡ
ڴԱ߲ԶĵطСһЩķӣٵʱʣͥ۲͵ʱҪԲˡ
̷˵ͷ˵ϱܴܲŷ۸ϣڸٰʱҲʡ
ͷѾȥˣôСһЩģʱŮֿҲ͹ˡ
̷ܵ˶ԽԽϲӻ¶ҲԵùϲŹ֡
˵䣬ͷţѾ߿ţͷŻƹͷˡ
һʳӶٸͲסˣԲ㿴󳤹ڣܳ𣿡
󳤹ЦЦԿˣռ粻ǣԺúȺòŲѼСӵʢ
Ҳľ¥˵Ŵͳһĵݸ󳤹£¥ĵڶˡ
󳤹ȵĽչд˴˾¥ĳģҡͷҿɲҪǲ˼Ǳ׬ӰѷǮұˡ
󳤹ھǮ棬ûд󳤹һҲġ
غˮأ̫үĹ٣ؼض棬ӿףû˸ҵҡ
ǾǲͬǸ̶Ҫҿɽûпɽ粽С˵ģˣгأ¥ˣ¥ˣ
񾩳˶֪סڲ̸¥ĵǴ󳤹Ĳҵǵ΢һ֪¥վŵǴ󳤹¥˭¶Լ¥Ҳû˸ǡ
óĳ󳤹һ㶼ۣʱͱԶȱ¸ɿ
󳤹˵ĳϿңǲӣСӿ϶ЦȻˣǱ޸һ£ֻռɱá
¡
Ȱȴ󳤹¾ˣɣһþǵһ򵥶ţѡҾƶľǻῼ֮á
֪󳤹Ȼ˵˱㲻ģæʩһ񣬡󳤹塣
󳤹ϡЩӣȥǲͬ
ò˵һ䣬ϵ
ҽ޸һٸȥЦ
󳤹ݻȻˣŰɣٸԵģٲԶûˡ
˳ٿȥСһԵ춼ǣʱһ±צе㡣
һٷ̼˶ԽӡΪĹۡ
ڶ̾ҿסǼңȻôõĴ¥Ʋ˶˸鰡
˴ظû뵽ڶ¥ƼԱվŵ
֮ǰž񲻴ãɫЩƣʱʱķŶͷƺͷвʡ
¥ĸӼæ߿˹ɰĸȥʱˡ
󳤹̧̧ƤŶô㵹˵ģ϶ǵҰɣ
һȦȻѲǵȼԪͷģ˼Ԫ
˵󳤹ĸӼ˵ĽǰĿɨһǳʲôӣ㲻ǿ˳Ҳú磬ʲôӡ
üͷ΢壬ŭȴֲ
ڨڨǾɰˡԪӡ
¥ɲǼԪġ󳤹¥ǽСӵģ¥мǱķӡҲøǡ
㵣ĸһ𿪵ľ¥
󳤹ףôУ
ȻǿԵġĻ˵ʲôŶŮ˵һԸ󳤹һ·
һߺ˫ڼϣʲôӣʲôʲôζŲԡ𣿡
˵ȥ
ĸһҧ촽ʹ͡
ϵζҵģÿԡΣϴȥζȽԡζֻŵǡı仯жͷʹÿηƬ̡
ʱܻԽԽҪõ¾ûòˡ
˵ǼˣǶӻǻʺĶأҲ˯ˣ
뵽һЩϽ׷ĸȥˡ
˳˾¥ʱ¥˿Ծɿӯò֡
¬Цձ֣ȵԺʿνʱ»֡
Դ˽Ȼּɣ˴䲻νֵѵص㣬Ԥλ˻١
ϾǻԪֻҪҲǰʮĶףỹкݼˣ֮Ҳ˲ٵͷ
ЦշǿĺǼһ١
¬϶ʱǰһǼԪΪһҲúúñֲǡ
Ҿʹ
һֱĲ纣ҲŵЦ⣬ǲ
һ漴Цϣϡ
±±צҲóԡҲڱϵ͡
ûвӦģţͷҶдӣϲĶдϣպԡ
̼˾Լ׬ˣǰԵķڵıʳˡ
ȥ֮˯ȥ˭û¶
ʱȴһƬʺλϣ̫ҽڵսս
Ӿʲôʺ̧ͷ̫ҽʵʵ˵
̫ҽ˶۶ӣòڵءػʺĻӡӵõǡǻ
ʺվ̧̫ҽϣ˵ֲȥͷĻ¥ӸϵŮ춼ǴҹѾҲǾϸѡŮλȾϻ
̫ҽڵأϳ֪
ʺŭƳĶӵ˵㸮ϵŮ˻˭˯ˣ
򴽣ε롭
ʺӻδ˵ڣʺĸŮͷҴҵĽȻڻʺ˵˼仰ʱ󾪣棿
Ůͷü١
ʺŤͷžһ˦ڶϣǷˣʲôˣ˯˱˯Ů˶࣬ʲô˶˯Ȼ˯ǲҪ𣿡
ȻҲ뵽ܣʱĸ¶ôˡ
ʺҧгݵȻôˡ


 81 

³ǵԵ, һ缾ͺݵһʹȥˡ
ڻʹУʥϵ⣬ӦԱ, ʱҪ
ԼһţЦеĽȻø͸ȥˡ
֮ǰ˵¥ԤλͰ˲, Ҳ¥ʿνյļ۸ֱ
ˣȻҪ׬Ǯ, ¥ǼҲλεĲǡ
˶Ҳǲ, ſʿνֻܳЩʳ񲻿գ
Щ¶ºһֱѧϰ, ѧϰЩҲģˡ
˯˻, ִȥ󳤹밲ʺãŲһʱŻصԺӡ
ʱּ˻ϵıһֱƽ, ʲô, ҲˡΨһб½Ž, ãʲôԵģӼû罷ͷû
Ц, Ǳ˿ϲ˵ǲ, ͷûеҲˡ
½Ͻֵл塣
һˮδŶ˲, ˮһһ
֮˶˿ˡ
֪ԵαǵԻڳԵĶ׼𣿡
Ц׼׼ˣǳԹ˺óԵģٿиͰ׿ˮʵڳԲ£ֵĺȶˮҪޣԾֻܲԲˡ
п˵Щϳ첻ҪϳڷԲϡ
ͻȻǰһԼǵ˵ȥЩŸרźΣ
ݾȿһۣ漴ȻϾ̻߹̣ݷӦļƻǡϾſɲֻһϵġ
Цͨʹϳ·ϿһרЩϳĹԱԵĿֺͣܿõϻϾܿ֡Ȼһÿһ˶٣ǾͶ࿪С꣬רţṩŵķҾͲⲻá
ԡݶļƻԿ϶һ²̴ˣϾÿնҪϳġ
ЦеȻ̼ҿ۵Ŀɽպ̴ųԡ
˵ɾ͸ɣûȥʲ纣ȥ˲̷ˡ
̷纣һ壬Ȼײ纣࣬Ȼһ˵͵õ̷˵֧֡
̷Ц˵ٺãɴҶ֪ٵ࣬첻͵ͷһͻ֪ԼʱæҹȥϳʱȺԲϡҪ϶áϳϵļȥſ϶Ҳÿ죬Щ㶼û⣿
û⡣Цӡɻв˼ɶģЩ·ϲܽˣҲ鷳ɱҲͣǮ׬ײ׬
̷ЦǾùܼҴȥʳӺӶ̫ҲЩ
ȻԼȥҲСʲô¶鷳̷ˣ̷ܸıѾǳмˡ
̷Ц£̼ҵ˸һȥʲô¶Щ
ûлؾǵʱұ˵պ̴ÿźȫˡ
̷˶ʱƶЦˡǲ˵ϲҵĳӡ
ˡɫ֣صǷǳмʹ˻д󳤹лǶǵİҺͷߵʱڸϣרŸλʳʹ˻д󳤹ϾͣĻҪƣһύҪǡ
úúá̷֪ϲռ˱ˣǲ̼˵άǼǾ֮ͣȴܻȫƽھԶԽʾúТƾܣｫԼ
Ӳ̷ԼƻҲģڶϽﻹв̸Ĺܼһſ档
ֻǾǵع󣬵ȥϰ嶼ӣҿʳǸȨĵ̶Сϰиǲ׵ġսžۼĵطйԱסĵطһ飬ôһ䲻СҲʮƽҲ㹻ˡ
ΪǹԱϳıؾ֮·һ㶼ܵԵĿ϶һЩ
󽪾ͽ˦º裬üºȫȨߵ飬ʣٵĳɳ
öӻ滮ϾվǴǽʿνֵʱ򣬽ȥνʱء
һ缾ŽʿǰżĻмŴ󳤹Ůһǰ¥¥İῴʿν֡
ʵЩŵģϾǻԪùһȻһֱһȥ˵ڶİ
¬Цǲǽˣ
̲ס̴ʱɩӾͲţ
纣ĳҲ¬ϵɷʿڣɼ䲻ܺãôҲǶ׽ʿˡ
¬Ͻͷ򵽶ЦŵĲУŶûľȥ¥ˡ
νֵʱʵ磬ϾڷȼʥѵŹΣٸ˳ȥǰеʽͷһʵҲܺķѲʱˡ
¥ǰ󳤹Цɽ˺ģÿǳ粻Ȼռλˡ
Ц¥ĸӼˡ
˵һ⣬ȻŮţ˵Ľˡ
ҪľˡɫͷһѵΪɫѿζŪûˣھȻԲĻԼ֧֣
˫δ¥£󳤹ȥ˵ɼˣԪڴ˼棿
Ųһ٣ЦЦͷȥˡ
˵ʲôû壬ҲںһĸӵļҲˣΪԼ
ǾԲܵ顣
ʲô֪ܲ
¥˱㲻¥Ĵװļ󣬿ҲʳҰ
ʱ磬˵ĺˮ˳ȻͲ²ܲ״Ԫ
Ȼסڲ̼ҵģ״Ԫ̼ҲɣȻ²״Ԫ
ǳǳЦ״ԪȻǺãϾ˺ʮؾû˲״Ԫġٸѡһ״Ԫȷѣ㲻״ԪҲ޹ؽҪ
ЩʣͲ˵ˡ󳤹Ϊʥ׹ĸʥȻ˽⡣
˵⻰һ˲ĳĬƺֻԵĵˡ
ĸĸҡŽ䣬ܲܣóӸһ˫Ƥ̣
ЦȻԣҪԼȥſڵĻ˵ȥ
ȥСȵſһȥˡ
󳤹кЦĪҪ̫ģҲףȥطҲ
Ӧһʵ뷨ΪҺؼұֺݣ֮ǰأȥܵĴϱҲˡʣ۽磬磬ö鱾ΪıΪıǲȥطϿԲԼʮ
û˵ǾǾǸȾףʱֱܹԵȥܾͻʧ˱ȾҲҲԭԼˡ
󳤹̾˭˵ء
ʱȵ˴ߣͻȻеˣ״Ԫˡ
ĶȻ
ͬŵģ״ԪСɼܺĵܲ״Ԫ


 82 

ôĺϲ, ſڴ̨ϳͷֺ常
ϧ̫Զ
ż˹˷׷׵˴, żԶԶľƼڰɫĸͷǰŴ컨ͷҲŻ͹ˡ
һڵһ
ѽ, ƣ˵׼, ״Ԫ̷Ц
ֿһ, ȻǸ˵ģ˭뵱״Ԫզġ
Ҳζӳ¡һǸƷҲ, ˵ǿе, ûʱˡ
һһ꣬ﲻƷˣõͣһ·нԪлԪ, ڳ״Ԫˣ
޳ˡ
̾˿, ⱲչҲͦãƷⱲ뵱ƶû, ͺú˰ɡ
һתͷƼ۾գĿѹû⵽, ̲ס̾˿, ÿԹ͹ˣҲᡣ
νֵĽʿ˾¥·ʱ¥İﴫǵľ֪ǽջ̧ͷֱ¥˹
ټĴ󺰼常, ڳ˸ǡ
ʱͺˣüЦ⡣ֳ̧˴кȻǰȥˡ
¥ĹǼе״Ԫɿˣ״Ԫɿˡ
˭˵ģҡ
Це룬ҪǿǲŹء
ԼҲù٣˭̫أֻϧûˣôõġ
Ǹбµġ󳤹ͻȻһǺ治Ǻݣ
ЦӦһűֵλøҲǰʮġ
󳤹ͷгϢġ
ݣҲܿǰֻ½ûôˣԺȻβϣ׵ͬʿ
½̬վβҲѿ߹¥µʱҲĵĸǻ֡
ȥɣ϶пţҲýӴǵ˹ԺҲûȥˡ̷˵ű׼ظˡ
ӦһȻȥϵʱһ١
õȻû˾ܾʳʵóԣ̼˶ܸˡ
Ⱥһֱ˹Ժſŷƥۣʿһ㼸˼̸ȥˡ
֡
ͷȴղ־Ͳ־˴˴Ҳ˽ʿղ־һЩ־ȻǶ׵ǹβ͡
˵˸ǰֵϲ֣ϲ֡
ǫĿһЦʲôʱϵһǣҸһ۾ۣȻԼΣ
ȻǺã־Ц˵ɩ˿˼¥״Ԫǳһ٣
һղ־Ҳһá
ЦУջߺΣܵüռڣþ۾ۡ
˾ʹ˵ԱǰкϾ֮˿Բμӹѡ¹˹ѡҲڹ١һֱͬڹ٣Ȼ״ԪҲƷͱʿˣοʿѡޣ˶ѡˡ
Ƕֶ֪ͬ꣬ò纣̴񶼻ڲ̸סţùϵֻкôûл
ڼԭȵƽ֮£һҲûһ˵βʶ̧ٵģƽʲôôһЩ˼ԭ뿿ƽλġǴҲж˵ڷ弾ĸƵƷС
Ц˺ѣϵĶļ䣬ϲĿ䣬μĻʫҲһμӣռúܶʱ䡣
㺮ˣʱҲˣղ־˸һ·˲̸
ǽǰף˽ʿ
ȥ纣޿ͷлȥ󳤹л֮ŴǱ𳤱˿Ժ
ĸ͵ˣЦĻһ״Ԫˡ
ĲһɮҲ˧вء
ƺ̲סۣｲɮĹ£Īǰɮˣ
ûɮô߶ء
ǰסֵӣԲʹ
ǰסȻһڣ
ʱתȥĵˣ̫ˡ
ţͷƳַۣ˻ϰһû˵ǣŽְѼȥ£ȳԷ극˵
󽪾üȥС˯̸̸¡
̴Ѿȥطʥ˵ˣȹӹƾ֪ȥˡ
Ӧһãߵġ
ϵʱ̼ȥ¥һ٣켾ֵղ־˻콻õĽʿ
֪ʱ˶ܾȡ
ϾеطǱȲϾٽģеĹԱϽƷҲҪؾоȥطȥ
Ц˸־ȥط˵ϼֻˡʱ򻹵ָλܹӰء
ЦȼֻؾǶٵʱ˭˭һء
ΪϤ˵ҲȽڣ˵˵űЦ
ѵ˾ƣʵСֻǲǵƻ᷸ˡ
⼸ղ־κãʿļʺܴǿģڶĩβܻȥҲܺ½һȥطٵġ
½ƺȵЩ࣬żֿ޿䣬˵ȥ߶߶ǰҺֵһطòã
εԺҲҪĸٵˣܱܲˣ
½ӣҾ᲻㡣
ֻ̾
½ʮʶһ·ԺԸٵԻԣʱ˵Ƚá
½ĺҲֵܣȥͬһطȻǺãǲܣպˡ
ֻǲ̴Ϊ߶ȥطѾĵߣΪȥҲ
½˵֮ſ˯˹ȥȾϯɢ˵ʱС˹׼һͬȥ

Ҫ˽ͷһʱһȻ
кôֱԳߡ
ҪߵˣҲġ
ô˵кã״Ԫ֮ڹ뿪ǣʱΡ
οƷǳ¨Ҳ£˵վ군ˡ
صмҲû뽪˵£ԡϣʹʹ̹һء
ºıŽԴļЦûˡ
ǹ˹һԴ˾˴δ佪˵㻨üղܣ޲ϡ
ϺŵζӣһŮɣ㣬϶Ư
ǵȻһܲƯ͡쵰
ֳ㡣
ЦЦá
ͻȻ˵󳤹˵ٲԸ顣᲻Ҫùˣ
һ٣ɡ
Ȼ뷨ȥûվͻȻ
ŵѩ㳯ʹӿȥ
󳤹վڴǰͷķƽЦŶԽůˣҲůˣаħҲˡ


 83 

ԼҵùĲҪ̫, ƺղűʷͳվѾͥ䱻ˡ
Ϊƽ֮Ҳߣ, һƽ񡣵ȻΪʥϵã͸һͷˡ
Լҵжննŵ, ĸŮҲ˴ԼҽļҾȥˡ
ջԻ͵ԼҾô˹ܶ˲, ʼҹ, ˵ŲҲˣ߶û档
Ǻǣǲ֪ɣ˵Լǵ˻ʺͶ, Բŵùˡ
˵˵

¾ûв͸ǽ, Ӻǵ¶ͲǷڻӸԱ֪Ҳ⡣Լûùʱû˸ᣬԼҵùˣֳǰ̹, ֻҪСЩҲͰˡ
סڻӸ, в˼˿ҲҰлȥ
ʵϴʱĶҲù, ˻޷ҽΣֵĸŮ춼ŲҪ, ˵Ǽٵġ
ǻϵ, ʥ϶Ӳ٣Ȼȴռһ֡ԭжûʲôָͻȻӵ˻Ĵ, ôӶʱ˾
ȻǵճҲΪϻۣһʱ׷׶
վӵ٣վӵľӶ࣬͢¶ʱҲ
˵¶ʱѾѮԴǺľ¥;Ӹ߲£öʳҲѾҵССҡ
ҳͨʹǴֻ⣬⼸Ӷ⡣ʳ̵ṩ
ֵĹԱæµСͣȵ˲͵ʱʳ̵ר͹ȥ
Ϊ˼ºרȥ˺ЩСϴɾֽϸѵͿʼʽɻˡ
СܳԱͺܸˣӪȻúøˣǩжҲεġ
ʳͬʱҵ¥һԿҵʱĺãÿһѮһĿĿϵǮԽԽԽԽá
˵ʱԱߵţﲻ̷ùּ¼Ŀо档
಻һĵطﲻͬеŮ˶ͬƺıҪࡣ
ֻСҵŮѧûϹ꣬˵ûЩġ
Сɣɶأı붺ȥ˴СƤô̫Ųˣ
Ťͷȥջ֮ǰ뷨ڳⷽص˵ġ
ⱲﱻòԵĸףΪһЩ
漴ЦЦ˵Ҳ
˵һɾëʣԼᡣ
һǰۣ첻Լǵġ
ͷٵʱһͷ󣬸Ͻһװ˯
ϧٲô򷢣ֱӽ档
Χ˶װ˯ģʱЦЦٸôпչ
촽ĸٸԽˡ
ɣҾ˸̿ʷ£Ҫֽ¥˷ǣȻĻÿԼʵ̫ˡ
ϵʱٸֱûȥ¬ǲ˼ضϻȥֻˡ
ǲڵóԸ˽㣬ƤʳҲһ飬극ֱӶԲˡ
󽪾ȥ·ϲСһ̾Ҫͺˡ
Ц⻰ģ
Ʋ죬ʲôңҵֲҡ˵ҵ϶ͷСˣĸ˵Сɶ
üͷ΢ʲôͷɲ˵֪𣿡
ٰһһҪ
˵¬סԺӣսȥﴫüͷһ壬ۼŲĿ¶ֺģſڵӵ̫̫˵һٸסǱ߶ˡ
֪ﴫӦˡ
ȥ·ϲЩĬΪεֳˡ
ʱʡ
ٵͷĨᣬ˺üˣҵﵽôѽ
ûôв˳ĵĵطҲ֪ΰοһĺӡĺ˵˳ѾʵѵãٴҲ׳˵ЩƵġ
˿Ժְ˻ʵôֻˣ
£·Сһ飬ȥ˯ȥðҺӣžˡ˵Ŵȥˡ
Сһ￴ֿ˯ʱСһ˵˯ͷü˯档
Ӧˣ˯ų
ǵ¬ʱ¬ƺͲ̼ҴүִˡջĿ̾·ٸ˵ѾǵһˣƺͷСųġ
̾Ҽбľ̼ҴүĳЩȷ̴ˡ
̲סüǷûܣǶεźͲˡ
ͷ˵˵ǲ̼Ҵ̫̫ˡ
̼Ҵ̫̫¬ǹٸ¶
Ŀһݣȥȥ
˵תһЩһķ߿ɵĵġ
ҡͷᡣ˵̼ҴүûС
ҡͷ֪ǲġ
ЦҾͰȴˣ
˵꽪ʮȥȥˡ
·ƶʱСֵһҿû˼ȻĻǵˣƵý̫ȥ
˻¬̧ͷЦЦٸ˯ˣ鷳ˡ
Ѿ˯ˣɩֹһǲٸһ¬ϣƤЩףȻǸտ޹ˡ
֮ǰʱ¬϶ЦеģǷ޺û뵽ҲֻǼ󡣴󳤹ͷ̷˷޸ҲãһͲ˵ˡ
¬ЦЦղšЦˡ
֪Ժǵˡ
ҡͷûкЦģֻٸѹ
¬һ͵Ҳû취
̾޼䳳ǳ£ӲֱǿЦٸʱŶۡٴҲֻǸຢͯɩ˵ǲǣ
ǣҶס¬˵Ƿ޵ֵıЦҲû˵
¬Ϸ޵׳ʲô⽪Ҳֻ֪Ȱ޼ûиҹʱ򿪳ϲܽ⿪ˣɩӺͲ̴ѾôķˣеҪУεʱҪʳȻֻ˷޸顣
ֻǲɾͺˡ¬̲סĨᣬҶƼˣϣǰҵɵ𣿡
￩һȻˡ
üɩӴô죿
¬ϴᣬҲ֪
Լ£Ȼõ˷µĹߣⷨ¬ǲеġʱŮӺɷ룬˽ӻԼƤӵ¿ˡ
ǲ̴δģʵ
¬ϵ񶼲ϣ޷±ˡ
ץ˾Ȼϣŷµһ˾ȻǸС
и𣿡
¬¶ҵЦĸҲûˡ
˵ͻȻվЦЦ¶ĸȥȻ¸ĸףҾ͸ȥҹлչٸٵл
ͻȻҲٶȰ콫ͳȥ
ŽҹٸǣԸܹܿɡ
лҪ˵ᵽζ

 84 

ҹʱӣҹ, ̫̫ٸһֱ, ūô岻ãСүˡ
һæ·ȥˣǱŵˡ
ô˵ҲֻǸĺ, ǲٲôܺܿˣƫƫٴôСС֪ȥһЩ, ܲŹ֡
ſڽȻٳҭҭĿ, ˴ǰͿ۾ҭüͷޱڴڲſ޵С
ԭСʱôϲޣǡ
ƳۼȻ, ˯ɡ
˵ֽٱ, ڱ߳ҡ
ĸ͵ıİвɸпԭҲôʱ򣬿Ϊûô
ַӦ, 񳤵߸¾û޹, Ȼôˡ
ͷڿҪҪҲôһءֱܿԼ, ôôĿأ
ҲͲĴôˡ
ĺһɻشˣС־Сӱ۾˯⡣
Ǹܵ˽ϵů, ٿһӾͣ, üͷҲչˣŻشϸǺñӣ̧ͷƼ۾
գգۣҲﱧ
ĺһ, һЦˣֽŵˣСӣ˯ɡ
СӾЩˣǹԹԵı۾ĸ׻ůĸ׺߳Ÿҥ
Ȼ룬ѹֲٰȵô죬ĸ׵ĻҲ̫˰ȡ
ԺҲӦС
ĴȻ֣ԼȻӦСӤʵ̫ˡ
ֱĺҲƽˣŽŻȥСһﲢ˯ţЦԸΡ
̫̫̫ˡӣҳݵ˵
ӣʼվԲзۣʲôӣеĽܴ۾γò˼ˡ
Դһµ˯ȥҲһŵˡ
̫̫áӣҺٺЦ
̲סҸҸżͻҸˡ
ӣҵ৵ľͺˡ
ȥʱڴϵʵ˯ˣ
˿ͷ˯ˣǱﳳˡ
˯ɡ¶Ҳò̷֣˲ɶӺġ˵Žϵ·ȡ·¡
峿ָֻ¬һȴҲŲŽ˴ߡ
ʱ򽪾˵̷˽̼Ҵүȥһ٣̴ү¶뽫Ůӽӻû뵽̷ȥһŮӾ˷̴үȥʱ˶ûˡ
Բ̷˵弫ˣһˡ
ҲΪ¬ϸ״ò̴үʧȥһңɴ˷Ĺϵֱӽ㡣
¬ȴô⣬ҲŮҲһʲôʱֱӱȥ鷿ʹһ٣ԹңҲˡ
ҲٶȰʲôԼˣʵõĽܺùԲ̴ү̴֣ү֮ҪõĶࡣ
ů۳Ҳ£˴δǰۺ̽ѾȥԺʼֵ׽ʿҲѾμѡݺղ־ȻУ־ʿȴδֱͨӽ
һ״ԪҪȥط¶ļˣûܹ⡣
ǰۺ̽Ҳˣڹٺ˻ݷһΣ֪̬ȼҲֻա
ǰʱطٱְžõһľ
⼸ҲЩԱĴ߶ҹϵʱ򣬶ǵˣȻȥȱ
ôǸ״ԪɣھٶƷ٣ȥطϣҲʡƷй١˵ٱȽϽ亲ԺǶҪȥĵط״Ԫɲȥط٣ڱʷϻͷһΣÿܵطҲƷͨС
йٻͨҲÿǷУ˿ɲչ㣬ֻȥƫԶطͨˡ
ɼͲ̼ҵĹϵ˶֪Ժܶ˲²⼾ܻȥطͨСҲвĽͷһپƷˡ
ȥ٣ͼġ
µǰһ죬纣ȥ鷿̸á
ԽְҪģƷͨС
⣬طã
纣Ʒţȥ˵ʥüȥطѾܿɹ󣬶ϲΪ˼ͨȥͨ
˹ϵˣ²纣˵Ҳ˾ȻҲҪе
ȥǸ⡣
ǵطԱĵطҲΪ̰ۿ˿֮¾Ķ࣬Դ˴ιͨҲȻͿճλá
ǲ纣ڣʥϻ纣ӣƫƫ纣ϵ˲ȥҲΪԾ뼾һ̸ƶĵطȥ
׵̴ȥݣǱ߿߽࣬˵ĵطȷѣҲ׳
ӦˡԼ˽ⲻ˿ֻżˣǹһ㶼ûٹΪԸȥطΪ˽Ϊ
²纣ǿһ㣬Բѵĵطȥ
ɷ򣬴ߵʹźӸ
˵ܼߵͽ¥ƶĵطиˣ׬˵Ǯżֺη
˵󻰣˵ϼҵļӣ¥͹һСỹǼСˣСȴ׬
ڱĵط¥׬¶ڵؽϣҲԲһüͷ
̹ȻһЦǣӦˡ
˵˶٣ϧֻίӺܿˡ
Ӳ˵ھΪһˡ
һȴҡͷһ˲Ҫ˵
¶ôݺ½Ҳ¶ںԺڹ٣½ڵŲ
½ҪҸȥɣ̴˿϶Ӧġ
Ҳûش𣬱Ͼ½ûļҾ½ҼҾãȻ½ҲὫ޶СϼҶԽϿˡ
ȴҡͷҽ鲻Ҫ
½۰ͰͿԭأ
̧üԼһˡ
½˵ۡ
ˣЦǱ࣬ȥ˲һǺ£ҿΰŰɡ
ȴ½ȥܿ࣬½ȥ˲纣͢ʱ½Ǹȥˡ
ͬǼݸͨУ½ݸϽһС
½˿ˣҲһ·ˡ
ˮ˹Ƴһ۵˽ɩӺʹǽӹɺã
½֣ããϼұãڵˣû˸۸ˡ
㲻ǣ
½įôܲ롣
Ŷһȥӣһµļ㹻ˡ
½жãá
ŲۣȻͱźˡ
½ವŲۣȻ󲻺Цˡ
û죬ҵԸʣҾҲҪϱˡ
һվַǳö˶ȥſڹۿľǴˡ
ǡսţżһ˵ȣ߹ʱ򽪾ƼվԸҾм໥ţܲõӡ
˵ʮӶʮ˭뵽Ľأ
лҪ˵˭뵽ҵĵûҳ־Լùأ
һ´ž£뿴뿴ҾͲдˡ
ʻдСɵķ⡭

 85 

Ѿ³, ³һǾ͸ǰݣΪ·;ңԶԱһ˲׳͢Ҳһļڡ
ǰȻԼҵľ¥ͼӡ
˵, 潪ֳŸҲӣǵĹԱÿ춼ܳԵǼҵķˣ
СҪź, Ʒ¥ܲϰǼҵĿζԵζ͵¥ȥ
¥ֻŴǾͺݺݵ׬һ, ȻľеѾ, ֻǵ˾㹻þ¥ӯ
ֻǾǴ¥ôһ䣬סԶЩ˾Щ, вﷴӦھǶ࿪ҷֵꡣ
ȴЩԥ, Ҫ˴뾩Ҫ߹¿ܲ˼ǰˣֻһңԾͶߵ·ɡ
ȥط, ˻½ʱƹͲׯƹ, ˶бµˣˮʵ, ϸøƫԶĵطȥܣΪܵĽӦеĹס
ճҲȥ¥, ˳㿴ºѧˡ
ʱǷ, ¥ʳͲæµ
ºվھ¥ſڣˣٺЦЦ
ЦЦ, ӦΣ
УºͷЦʦ˵ѧͦġ
ͷȥɡ
һ˵Щ¥ȻȻ˵ȥݵ顣
߲ƹţСĸȥݰɡ
ļҲģƷֲȻҲӦðҼ޸ҺҲھǣв̼ɽڣھҲġ
ͰھǣðӸȥݣƹҲҪȥģ߳ӵѵ䷽ҲҪƿغã𣿡֪ģֻҪúøɣ׼û
ЦЦԴŶңСľҲûжģⱲӶŶҡ
áᷴˮͷյ˶£ûǮûȨûҪԼĿԲ
Ѿ٣кںԺҴ󳤹˵¥ģҪҲõ
¥ѾȥˣٹϼܿܶǼҵӣʱٳһĿζҲᱻ˵ɲڵġ
ʱ¥ѡû˻ɵ
ȻѾҲƾܣֻ֤ῴӡ
ֶԼºѾŸǴӦǾʹһȥݣ᲻ھǻ߻عȥԼ˼أ
ҸŶȥºЦҸȶֻҪұͳɡ
Ц㲻Ŭû߶ƹѧϰ𣿡
׵ġºæش
ϲһңҲãºȻϲ飬ӻǿϡȻܴϵ£Сɿ϶ҲǶģȻҲմ⡣Լܲǵŵù˰æȡ
ֳɵͶڸǰôܲá
ȻŻȥҲȷϺͼ뷨ӦüºǷ޵ġϾٵ˵طȻĹٵпɽвԿֻҪѧһǶǺ¡
ҽԺ϶״Ԫɵֶӣȹ꼾޸º˶ǡ
Ӿ¥ȥ˵·Ͽһҵ£鲢޲ﶼͻ֮ء
Ȼʮ½ļ˺ƹ˵ʱҲϢؾǣ˵ĸŮ·żз纮ûˡ
Ѿ£ԽԽůͣʱ÷纮
֪è塣
ȻǶӺͻʺ󣬱ϾӱȾϻ˶Ӷ̫֮·ĸʰǲܵġ
˵ԼҵùΪ¶¶ûʺͶ޴棬˽ҹһҵԼҡ
ЩļûH£΢һ鲻ͶˣеûĶԿϣϾԼӱȾϻʥҲ޴棬ȻҪһسˡ
˵Ǽ˸ɵġ
漴ͱˣϾٲôɵ£мסڲ̸ڲ̼ҵƤӵ£纣ҲӦô
˵ʱ򲻹һЦ֮
õ³Ӧã³Ҳ̫Ľ
̲סֹǵĵ˻ûǳԼͶùˡ
Լһ㶣漴һƺˡ
ĸŮ鷳ϻţն˹٣Ҳ˽ɺΪʧھ˵񱻽󴨼޸һ·صĸС񱻴Ҳ֪ȥ
ЩȴΪԼɫĺ˽ϡ
Ͳ˵ˣûǿԿأԼ˻ʺĸӣҲˡ
˵ĻǡЦЦǵûϵǻǾ׼̵±ȽϺá
Ӧһ½ҲˣƹҲˣϼѵһɳӻƶˣǴʱ׼š֮ǰǲǵ̼һΣͬͬ궼롣
һʱҲüҲҪϽ׼ˡ
̼ҵż֮ǰͺãͬͬҪ
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