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1

˶ʮһʮա
ƮŶëѩȼ̿𣬿ڴͷȴ˿ܲůֻú䳹ǡ
һǰͬĸĵܵԴӷ뿪ˣ˵Ļڶϡ 
ʽ㣬Ȼʺ̫ӵǸйϵΪĵȷȷΪ޶ʵġٸнΪ޹ļλǷ˲ġ
˵Բ˱޵ĸܸʺݣǰ˿ĺãܱ¶һ˿˿İίôꡣ
ſǡŮǡǡＰλǡͬȫ޵ˣ˵ˣ޶ѣȻ޵ġ
Се£ȷ޵ţС֮ǰǷ£Ͼĺã޲ܲ뷨ܿϧ˵ñֶθеĺӣҪŻʽԺлҪ鷳Ծ˸˾Ժٲܴ˵Ȼʡʡġ
ǴʲôʱԼ˶

Ų˼̧ۿˣ񣬸ʮŮ
úҩˡ
ֽӹںڵ֭һһ˸⡣
꣬Цӹ룬ˮݸʵүۿҪˣҪѸ˼ף곤ôδһԣ
Ѿ׼һرĴһϲġ
һ㶣ɻʲôĴ񣿡
֪ˡ
Цū澾ĿԴˡ
˯ȥɡ
ǡҩζţ̳ȥ
ʣһˣڴͷ˯⣬ֻ۾Ż
ȰףִŴ˿Ѿȫڡ
ôЩѾֺûķ⡣
ͬסȴδ
ֻҪټӲ˵һ͹ػĻװмԸ
ɵҹĻ٣ʱ䵽ˣϱŶʮʳӷ棬һ
ǰź֣ǿһһ㳤ģȻʺδɹġ
븮еһһֱϹϾδ¶κο̬ԴǼΪ
겻Ҳ֪˭ģôԭάʼҵ棬ǳû£ĸ档
걻£Ϊ䲼ˣ˲٣һЩ
Բ¡˵׺ 
ַ¿ӣصվһԵм¡ū˼ǾӦø֪
£
ݿɿϢ¹˶ӣĸµУ¼ұƹӸ׵ݣʼҧһδԡ 
ֿе¹ﲻǱˣȰװĽŮ
Ȱ״󲻾ã޸˸ԼҵĶɻһֱδã޸鲻ȥԼĸҾס 
ָԺȰ˽¼˲棬µȥΪȰ׾ٰ磬δȰƵĶӣδ˵еЦ˸С
𣿡ֻǺĶһ£δӦ
ֺ⣬Ƣûһŭ֮°ѷˣҲόӦԡ
Ͼ˭￴ĺӶȰ׵ġ
ū澻ǳǣɺˣ뿪ˡ
˿ڣ˰ѷ˳ȥɣҳԺˡ
ֿȫδĲȣֿ㲵ݣҲûȰ˵˳·ˣ£Ҵñӣȥˡ
һ۾ֱ
ջ˯ѣΣȫʱǰʱ
ҩʳȥ鷿
һ˴ȥſںš
ǡ
꽫ʫʻһ˻ȼճɻҽ
ЩʫʻȫΪȰ׶ģ޼Ѫ֮
һգӳľ
Щĥīдһ֣ī֭ɽųȥ
ԡʱị̃ͷ˯£Ϩ˳䣬Ůҹ
ϴڴϵǱʱԼ䵭˼£Ǵ˱
λԴÿ϶ԼˣһʱղĽ˿ȸһԼ֪Ľ˿ȸǴɵ޴ôԼô֪Լһģ
ձȰ׵֪Ϊ׼رʲô
뵽ˣڴ
*
ҹʱ˷磬ĸʱһͣ˹ſڣһۺȰβסƣ룬һ˴š
صסԺȴվĸ쳡
߽ǰ˸绹ѹһû˯
³ҹδߡ
ûԣݽ⿪²ʣʲôˣ
ԺĶѩϢ˵ڳҩƳڤݡѹ¸ûֻ
˵꣬ߴߵư죬ߵ£ɥ
Ȱɫ䣬еĲ豭Ȼط죬͵վ
ճſڣ㱨ļͣүްˣ
Ȱͫ׽Դ˵һըѿŲɺַסſ򣬾һѪ˳
쳼״ʧɫү
ް
˵¶ֺһ´ǼҴҳԺȥ
ŮԺйһƬһδͣ
ʪ͸ڵϣ˺ޱԱǿˮ˸մ̳
ƻâӳӣֻɫ෢ףݵĲӡ
˭ҹ
ǡū澣үūȥһéϻ˫ſţ֪٣һھ߿ЬӣЬѹһֽҹŮŵֽ
Ȱ׽ӹֽϵġָĿ
۾һģʲôˡ

ķƽ˷ΪƽٹյһȵȻʺĳ谮ݰ޷죬ܵȰ
޺ǲ֣ſͼʮˣǰ޹˺ߡ⻹㣬ȵ۲ΣʱƵĻ¹ٻҳ١ͼȵ۸ʥּСľŻΪʵۣȻûóѣ˳ǻΪۣΪ˶
Ϊƽ廹ǻᴫ۵Ϣ
ķ䲻ãΨݲλʽ㣬ԭƻǲ
ܿǶ֪Ϣڲϵĳɢ
ֽкã˵ͷޣ˻ϲףֱԻãΨй壬ϵ£ÿ˶ڣްźǼɻ䡣
Ȱ׺ȵˡ
ϳ֪ԼӺܲܣ˲֪ȴλƽζʲô
ү岻ãٺˡ
ûκεĻӦ߶˼֮ʵ̲סŶ롣
һէ𣺡ү                        
лҪ˵Ķʾȫ鹹ܿգһ趨дΪ׼

2

峿С׷ţ׵Ĺ֮Уϵ͵۾
û
һϷԼڵĵط۽š
ôܣ
ôƹ
СһֱסĹԳ޺ûסˡ
ңҪӻعа⣿
˴ӯױ̨ǰ࿴žԼþòܻ
ԭ԰ݺɫԵʱȥ֮ǰࡣ
߿ԱߵСʮһʮա
һɲǣϲ뼤ԾȻϣԼĸ첲ȷⲻǻþξ
ʺ֪ͨȥһˣҪ𴲣⴫
֪Ϊ£ڣڼɢ˺˳κŻƣ׼عʱ˴һȰףΪ˺̸֪֮δɻ¶òԸܾһ֮½ǿ°ߡ
ǰʱ֪ԷةСӴȰס
Ǽĸŵ֪ݡ
ţɡ
Ӧһ밢һǰһһ˶ϴˮһ˫ŲϴƷ˽˫٣һؾĹװɫɬ
ټ۾Ȼˡ
ԵǻǰĶ죬ѱӵ귢֮;в
ڴ֮ǰ˵ԼԩģһݺĿֻΪĵˡ
ڡȷ֤ݡǰûĻ
ϴˮ£һϴǰ˷͹
ʺĽϰɫѵⳤŮȴδһʱһ롣
㵨ˣҰة֮Ȱ°ߣĸ˵Ǻã
ة֮Ȱף¶֮ɫĸ˵ɲ֪ݣƵģ˵ƲûͶ˼޵ݵĴ糿ںǧĸĴ٣֪¿϶͸ʡܰǺεݣ˱ˣѷĸ󾡹𷣣ްԹԡ
ԽûˣƹˣͷָȥĽѲµ֪Ȱ׵ݣ⣬㸸ʻ֪»Ǳ֪Ϊáĸͬ˵££˻ᾡųΪ˫Ե²ţ˵Ҳ˼
ʵʸǺã
ģĸ㰲źˣıǡȰںδ
СĻأ˹⡣
ȥ˰գǸ
ǣˡ
ûб𷣣¡
˿ûеŶδã˳˹
ͣ˺ɻŵһۡǰŲأڴϷ̽ҴŹ֡
˼ǺĸΪԶĳ谮Ϊ½⴦լԺķʱ佨ɣĿǰǿլԺûмҾδūֻڶ²Żʽ׼
ջ̧Žֱ˹ѺȰ׵Ķ
δͬ룬һ˿ƿš
ٴμЩ㱣䱻ס˫˫ţһ߽Ⱦ
ƺðˣеƽǸˡ
˫ǰͷ˸Ϊ㹻ĳ⡣
δĻӦ̧ͷӣײһ˫̶һ˫۾˼
˵Ļǲˣ
ĿĿ𴦣Ȼﵱ档 
ԸҲ⣿
һ˽⣬Ϊޣ˿˵⻰ĪǽƾͼΪԺ׼
ΪʲôͻȻԸˣ
δ󰮵ŮӣʱѰһϵĳǣΪܱϣ븣Ȼûоܾĵ뷨Ȼı䡣 
븣
⻰˵ֱЦ
ķޣʲôƢ᲻֪
ﴽеЦȴδ۵ףˣ˰ǿаѺһ㲻𣿡
ṫ
ƭӣ
߽ϵЦȰ׻ֺɤöҪʲô
˫ֻסĲϸ۲ɫǣȷû˿񷴸С
Īǿ̣
һһĸܡ
˵ڿ찤ϵʱʹֹΪ
ɴֹͣˡ
ô£
ⲻǼ°ȰףԲǣ
򡭡Ȱף
ڡ
࣬ΪԼԷٰգƽϢԵʵֻ̽ǷΪ˾ӣδ뵽㲻ǣ㲻ҵ
ȰײŭЦԡ
ĺܲڣתȥ

̤ƹԺţ񼱼ֱʺ﷢¾ȥˣֻ滻λá
ĽϵŮδ飬ĽϱźȥĿɼ
֪
֪Ϊûأ¾డӹǱоɼȥٲġ
Ųһ٣ô֣Ҫȥ
æͷ֨ˡ
˷һס֣קסϸʣôˣƽǺˣôŻʺﴦҲܣ
Լ֣Ҳ֪ȥʺǶȵġ
û˵ʺٻ£°֮±ˣ
ĶԵȷ֪ˣݺһͨʺ˷ˣǸղǴӹģѾˡ
ô˸ˣ
Ȼأ
˵Ҫͻôͱˣ
Щ𣿶ˡ
ҿ񡣡ֱֵãҿǹ°˵Ƶͷϡ
δ˵꣬ס죬˻˵
ûˣ벻ԭˡѹȻ˵ȥ
ǲģⶼҿ˵ġԸ̸£ˣδţøϽó׼
ߵİٴαסƽֶҲǰٰӦɱ˰ڹǰ˵ûȡֻȻԺ˭ûӹֿء
̬㻹ûƸ𣿡
ɿ֣ƲƲ죬ûһԡ
ʱ򸮣ӰȻң˸ͷŵĻԷйý֦ҶɵóûƷ£ɺ
ӵԴǣïʹ˸ɫǿԼҲô˵
˵
ĸסȰ׳ˣʵ޶⣬ҲѵǸ
ⲻʲôǣԼĿڣⲻǶ裬Ƕңҵ裡ڵǸӻʺĻ˵ʲô
ˡïֹ˵ȥôȫ˶֪ǲǣ
Ȼ˲٣ƽǸ˭ҪȢǵ˱ù
ïƳһۣǳ
Ǽ಻Ҫ̸ۻʼ֮ˣ¸֪ǲҪ鷳ĸԺĪҪˡ
֪ءϲЩǣҹζ࣬ƽһ´ͻô죿
ģѱ⡣
㲻ᣬʮһҪйˣҲˣ¼ҵǲҹ֪ԸҺϲ
ĸôϲŮΣ
˲Բ۾ʲô
ȻỹҪȥŰ칫Ȼȥˡ
תŵӰ˵ĻֹڿС

3

˷粨ǰ˾֪Ȼ෴˿δʲô粨
ƽպϰµ
߸ȥԵĹǣǱߵĴͻͷһֲ
һ۰Ůĳںǰͨ½˹ĵճл
лҵǱ̫ӣʵȴԵˡ
лˣ˵׶δһû򽻵
佫ȴǴϴһƤᣬҲŹֵĺܣһദˡ
ּ𣿡ܹ̫Цѡ
˫ֽӹߵллʥ
عϲԵ
ǳЦʥּͿ͡
صңϵЦʧĮȻͷɬѡ
δ޸ȰѲ˼Ե׷ߣ޷ϲ֮벻ϲ֮˵ˡ
ֺʥּ£ʵҪȥ£
Ҳ׼ı䲻ʲô˵ϵŦۣȥ͹
һͬǰȥδ뵽ǣҲڡ
⵹רһˡ
񣬱ºЦ˵Ͼĸ˵δϸҲڡ
Բ죬˽ŮģԽݹˣԴͻܻƽȻܣ˰ο׼ϼ澹ƲʲôĪǶ׮ͻ⣿
ĸ˵ͻһ£糯֪߹սȡôݣأӦǩ˺ƽ飬лսǶıǸѵõĽţʮ뵽ʶʮڹδɻ飬֮δĸ飬޷ľó޵Ļʶаٰ㲻ᣬ໹ҪΪʶҸǡ
Ŵԣͷ˵ʲôζ˽֪ĸʰݼ۰ʺһ˫Ůû˻ɹһ㣬ĳ谮ƼģĸôֿɹƭƭˣסƤʪ⣬죬δлӢ䲻еʶ߹ս۴ݣ岻ѣΪޣкǻϲ
Ĺ˳޼Ӧãлɻ顣
¹æȥæɣʶġ
ɰɡЦߣĸŮ̸ġ
ȥĽ£Աߵλã
ȥԱ£ĸ󡣡
Ľסο궮ˣٲǸױҵ˶ˣƢȻҪһģĸˡ
ĸ󻹼ǵö˵Ҫϲ֮˵Ļ
ĸŮĸŮӲϣԼ޸÷ɪһ£ʵһ£뿪ͺã˵лδǿԻģ㿴ĸ㸸ʲô㸸ʶ̫ӶĸǼõģ㸸ʵ۹⣬Ầ㣬лǼĲѡ
δŮĻػĽϿȥͷ
ΪһܳƵϼˣǲüĸ֮ӵģлܲܳϼд֤Ե˵ĸ֮ӣƽչԱҲЩ£ϾʣҲ̧Ů޷ΪϵʾͲͬˣӣĸ󣬶ʱ̽ǣӣֻһĸ󡢶ĽҵĿɽֻ̫ӡ
һ仰ͬǧһҵĽϵϣѿѪӿȪ
òϣŮλֱ
޵ĸ𽥼ӳڵƽи˷뾯衣
һٿѪʵǰ̫˳λŮĸ˲иõİȻ˵ܻܲŶδ֪
ĳˡӵס꣬þþĬ
ӷ͹;ߣ˺ٹƻĸڳΪʵ۵ŮǰǸŮƻûþ뿪֮ĸ߳ݣ˵ӵС£ô۵Եǻǻ˸ˣ˵ֺò磬嵱˵ĽȰ׶ʵ
ʽ㡣ƻŮһͬ
òض񡣡
˸ʴͻ飬ʽϲˣףʽлϲúϡ
üԣҪȥδ
ƻ΢΢һЦãߡ
üͻ;Ȼȥˡ
ʽߡ
ĿͶԶƻ΢΢һ˿޵Ц
Ļôͬ˵ÿЦӭĶӶлŻ£ʵĺܡ
ѹле˵ײһϴ֣ĶϸĺǻŮˣƽǰ㽿ƢԵˣӶ˶లɹҲġ
⻰˵ƻͷһЦˣܻعøΪֹǲŸЦء
嶼ˣ˵ջع״±ŵķңһŭ֮Ÿء
ƻЦڴ

ߵսǣýƻЦݾ۵ףջ߼ǰС
صסһӣһϣԼһ棬ʱص㶼С
Ҳ˵ϣСʱ˼ϵѣ˵ڣλĹܹϯϼ棬δ˵ʲôʲôҪԼȻûеģΪдŵ˸ˣˡ
һ۾˳Ȱ׵ıʼ
°ӵݸˡ

λĹǼҪأĲȥ𣿡
꿴˵񣬡㲻ʶʲôҪ飿ȥҲա
ȥҲãڼ׼̫ˡһͬߣлӱ߹صǣ߹ٵҲһʮͻˡ
긽͵˵ǣңеҪȥ졣
õġ
Ψֹ⣬⼸һձһƣַ¾ֺźʳסе˾ͱ֣ʹҲǰһŮӳͬ裬⵽˶Դίֲʡ  
Ȱţȥųʳ̲ס˳
ȥ¾գūǲʧŭ
𻨲̧ۣôô룿
ū澾⼸չôʹūˣͷֲġ
һЩ𣿡
ūвֻÿΪľ
ÿҪɨԺҪҹա
ǶŮ԰ƹĵŮ񣬿ǻڿ죬껹޷ȷǲԼˣΪδ֮ǰˮˣĿǰĵŮУҲ˿ˣϾȷպԵˡ
ʲôһĵȵףϵЦݳˣ¹ͷū澲¡
ǶҵİŲˣ
ū澡ۿᣬū澡ҡ
꽫еıӷ£Ƶ°ɡ
ֹվʲôû˵ĬĬ˳š

4

ٽӹ֪񱻽ΪŮʲôҲûʣֻŵӵݹȥūѾá
ӹԲϣƿĺڲ棬Ϊ⣬ˣȥԷɡ
ǡ
ճȥֽŻ㱨̫ӵˡ

æվңӭͬܵܣԼһ񣬺ֱ΢Ц˵⼸ձȥ˵˵ĸ˵㲻վҪӭʵĳ鿼ԣ⼸ոǷʳĶ飬Ҳûȥˣǿˣ
ʱǰŽΣùˡ˾˵£ɳˣ
ԹˡǰʻĵܵܣԺвԾڴ齿ݵģɣ˸մӹһõš
ʲô

˾ȥңһӵС׸룬ʧЦһҲ׼̰棬֮ǰĶŪˣҰ룬Ҳˡ
ģר鶾ġ
㣬ǰŮԳΪλҪأ
ЩԶǲģԶʲֻҪжԣȥס֣ܣʵĶӲֹһ˵̫֮λţ֮Ĳޣڵңÿһı˿ɴ⣬೤۲ǻ¡
˾΢֣֪ˣģԺ󵫷ʳõҶ顣
ǱãʱмźŮӳȥñ֪ŮԳԺһ顣
ġôָ֪ӿԶأ
Ҳڳʱһ̷֪ģҺܻʵԣ֤˼βȷĿԶһʮֻֻ֮ٸĸȥֻʣµš
ûΪ׼𣿡
Ҫ˵ϲһ䣬Ϊ׼鶾ߡ
ҲǣǾ֮ʳҪɸڵģǸϽ˵ţ˾һԼԴѽˣŸʸͻˣԷл򰢽ϲˡ
ллܡ
˾뿪ȥ˷͹ʱϴ
չԸģʺϸϸˡ
ٹҾҪޣҪһֿƼѡ
ūһĸֶӣĪ֮ѶʮһСϰǿСͺܴӱūΪزʧ
һǷԸպȥԸҲûʲôǿ󡣡
ū
ʱ䲻ˣȥЪϢ ҿ˯
ǡ
ڴͷ飬۾ϣȴȰǷš
Ѹ˵Ļ춼˵ˣҪʲô
Ϊʲôоǰһˣ
Ĵ
*
ȥԼֶĪ֮õˡԸΪЧ͡Ĵ𸴡
ڼպ˳Ҫˣ޲ͬˣⲦʮ
ʮ֮ټĪ֮

üĿθߴһ¼ճӢ˲
ĸټ£һĪҪʧ
¶ĸ
ʴ蹫ʮڷ䷽棬ҽԺ֮ⰲţԺ滹Լ
Ī֮˻ʱ˼ס
ȥʰһǰɡ
¸ˡ
ȥѯʰ⼸ͬסһݣϵ𣿡
أദû⣬˵࣬Ҳƺ«һֽڿֺܶء
˵ͷҲǿڿεģƽʱһ£˭࣬߶ʲôˣһκβԾĵطҪʱ˵
⻰ڻδԼӦǡ
ڳԺڴɨɨѼ˵ȥ۾ɼ¾ֵĹȻĲ̫ҽԺҩò󡣡
ƹ޸ϵ»ǲҪˡ
ü壬ҿˣ㲻˵Լȥ˵
Ϧͬգ²Լڵݣ
û㲻æҿɲҪԼ𣿰ҲôĮ飬ǸˣǰҲҲӲ㱻𷣣ҲҪȥ˵
˵Ҫǰס
ɤӴ󺰵ūмū澣
ֳüͷ𣬡£
˵ãҪ
ֲЦǹġ
Űֵ˳û˵ģתʵ㱨
Ȼô֣Ҳȥ¾ְɣҲиӦ
ףūת
õ𰸵һֱӵ˵ϣԭţǰֵĿغ ֪ɼżһȴȫû뵽Ĳһ顣
Ƴһ۵ϵת̨ףס
ҵĽ졣
ûͷֻ˵ôΪڴŰɡ
ıӰֱŴӵסʰȥ¾֡
˵󣬹°ְһ
ʱǰգ˶æŸɻΨһڴʹֹϢ
ţŴŵֺ̲ס
ֳ𣬼Ű߿ޱһˣ
˲ᣬʵһ·֮󣬹ٲȻһˣԭôҶˣ˵ñãֲָʾģҲǱȵģΪȫȻͷ̫ûˣ
֪Ͳ֪Ҿɼ֮ˣȻҲܴƹ
µ˵ʲôûˣҲһ㼰ȥ
ƹٻزȥˡ۵ӿΪһƬģһӣһ취뿪ġ
˭һ֪ǰƹ̫ӵµͬ㣬˭ñ¾ֵˣ
ִһδ˭˵׼أʮӶʮӶȥǲշ⣬ԺҲûлٴγͷֻûϵǸѾͷƽﲻԲģȻˡ
ǰϣڴˣ²͸˼ˡ
۵ȻһƬĻǰ޼ɵ˵ʲô˵ʲôӣδֹԼأ
˵ЩˣٸȥǵĴˡԶֹס⣬ԽԽ䣬ˮģϴָ࣬õš
нӹлл֡

5

ƽµף³һ峿ȥ͹밲ȴĽ˫۸ƣ
ĸ󣬳ˣ
̫ʳ˶ʳжķˣԴΪѰĻˣ´ݾߣĬжķ˲һЩ͵⹫˲飬ҩҽڤݣ꣬͵İ˴æ
ĸаѴ¸֪ʣ
ĽҡͷδУ̫ץĻʹİѱ㸸֪̫ĸߵ̫Ů֪
˱ãûȷ֤ݲй¶
ĸͷҺº͵ġĽɤ˻ƣǰܾ㸸ڣʲôõģĿɽҲŷ֣뵱ǵĿɽͲ̫һһܵܣĸ޶ۣܾΪҪӦף۹ڲҺû̫ĸڱԸֻſ̫ƽ˳ǻ
ס֣ĸԸģȥΪ̫죬ĸ׼
Ϊ˸ԼĻʺԴĽƹܺ󹬿ʼޱ⽻ɻؼʡ׼ӹһʾĽϣ˵˲عҲǴʱʼи֪޺Ľϡ
Ǻ£ĸ᲻ʣˣȥǡ˵Ľѯ⣬Ҫĸһ֧ӻͣ
¾ʹԶԸֻ͵£ԡ
ҲãаűǣˡĽЦ鱾óһСлƳÿɿˡ
ֽӹСл߰˷񣬱˵òСѷɫˣͦġ

λھǽŻɽɽʢ꣬ܵ
ͬУŻɽɽʱѳʱị̃׷Сꡣ
ͣһջԺУֳֽɡɽ¡
֪ǰס־մʦǰӭ˷˸ǰõסԺЪϢ
סԺλƫƧ徻ţһٹ˲ܾסڴˡ
緹ʳ赭ЩԼӳԲߣȴδ˴룬δκޡ
˿ڣ껺֪ſЪϢǲôš
Ӧ˾ǣи곯ſȥ
꽫രƿһЩĿӿ
ѾͣˣԱԺڵӰӳ۾һϮ¼쳤ֶĿİӣȰ׻˭
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δرºܲڣɹӡ
ǰݣܳʱ䡣
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ҹԡ󣬰߸ͷ˵ôˣصġ
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ͷź֮󣬰˵ȥޡ
ǷѬãᣬ˯⣬Ρ  
ʱͨȰ׾߲ţ֧ԴϾĿ
ɤӿڣ𾪺Ȼ㡭ôģ
ɤѹĺܵͣȻǴŽġ
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빫Ĺϵѵóһ𣿡
⻰ûʲôϵ˵ڹѾ˵ˡ
˵ˣ͵һЦһѳס뻳Уǿѹסӣϵ֮ı䣬ҲӦģȴɲ˵ͽ
Ĩȥ˸еǡ
۾ѱͻ飬վҪлңĪҪҵˣ
⻰֮⣬Ȱףȥǰѹҹô˵Щ
ѵֺٰôδǰΪԵĴҵҪز
𣿡Ȱƶĸҡ
Ҳң㲻䣿겻ʾȰףٲߣҾҪˡ
ھͿԺ𣿡
㡭
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һ֪Լ޵лȥģ
ʣԤ뵽⣬ǰشһĻϲ޵ŮӲģ
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Ǳ˵ˡ
˵˴Ųվֻͷһۣ뿪
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ʱ컹δȫ£ŰɫñƧСţԶĸš
һǰʱʧɫͺһ
ǰ߿⴦һĿѪۣ˳Ѫ۵ԴͷʯС·һ࣬ƽĲݴȻһµӣ۾΢ţ泯ⷽ
Ŀʵ֣˲Ǳˣδл
ôﻹˣ
Ԥлؾʱ硣
һʱ䣬곯δִһ֣˵վ
ȥԺţ˵徻һߣ˴ţ֮ȥҩˮҴ
ȥհ졣
Զ󣬲ݴлװʶĪҪҶȥԺţŮȥҩˮ
ɤлһ䲻֪ĻǼ٣Լվ˵뿪ˣҲֻþ䡣
л
국أ֮͡
˵Զľԣ˰ͰˮѪϴ
ҩƿˮҸڷֹѪҩӶౣء
лӰԶֱʧڹսǴŵͷϵİɫƿƤˮң۵׶һ˿ټ¶ȡ
ص᷿꽫ݸ֪ղ˭ô
֪ϵã
ĸҿСл
ɴۣѽǻûؾ𣿡
Ҳɻ󣬿ֻһ˸ڴ˵صܳʲôʡ
ΪûбԼݣ
Ǳʱ˵ݷʵ͵ûСʶԺҲ˵Ĺȥϴ˰˵ˣЪɣûȥˡ
ūȥϴˮ

6

峿ѹū澸ȥ˿лѲˣ֪ʱߵġ
֮ڡ
˲뿪·عС
˸սƹֱĸǲܼлˡ
ִ˻
չ⴫Ϣ˵лһӣϵ¡ʺô˴ټл빬ѯʣл˲˵ȷʵʵݵͼϵ̻֮سĻɫʼնδýסһֱл棬л߲֪ľѳۡ
֪лңӵ¶δ˵Բ˵лҹ˼棬δ˶ӣȥԴװѴ
ĸǱ˵
ʺ˵ҪºúִµĽ취
꾶ֱߵ£ϢǴӹ⴫ģǺܿͻ˾֪õĽ취顣
ūҲôģӶˣл֮ǰжٰ취£ǶûУûţ˳ӣʲô磿
֣ھѼл
ô
ģСһ۾ϳˣʱˣðҩˮȻûҲñסģԺǼ棬ǻᱻϳ
˵ϳҲη˻֮⣬ڹ
ܹˡ
ҵһ£ȥݱ衣
ǡ
껻·˸ķʽߡ
ùõˡ
ٴλˣūŹǰȥ̩һˡ
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ƤһԵôҪѶ޳ȥǲӶ߷ˣ̰ʹȥסٲʡ
ЦԱ£ʶĪҪᣬ޵ĸαôᷳأֻ㼰ѹ꣬ʱǴ껪жٹҲ˼ңµһҸ
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ⲻȰ׵һ֮Լֳߣȷʵԡ
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Ҳ᲻˰
ʣԼϣǹĿǰļҾҪ𣿡
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ּü۴ϲɫüۣɳ죿
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˵ڻֳһƲ
ɣںεأ
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һʱ䣬ܶˡ
ٹձǾ¾ѽˣڹԷ;ջδ˵˵겻ͬˣܹһһ֪ͨаٹ٣Ҳһͬμӣҵط⹬ĵС
ȻǱģΪڵǸϣʱ˻صƹһʱյѶ
綼Ҫʫɴ磬ǲȱһˡ
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Сһֱߵܸܵ仯ڣһ䵭ü֮¶һ˿ЦڲסģԼ֪Ϊȴ
ɻǱ¶ôˣ
ܵѿһҲ׵
Ȱĵͷʱ䣬ˡ
쳼ֱܳɴ۾֣಻࣬ⶼӦġүż춼δظˣ𣿡
ء
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߬еһȰףûˣ˲١
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ʹΪ⹬ڹǵĹԱ칫⹬䣬ʵδɻŮɾסڹ
ĵطխСɻŵױǸϽ࣬ʵǷ㡣
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ӻ綼û˵㵹ļ
ģ뵱ҵɩ
˵ʲô
նһĨ̺죬͵һȰףԷûԼȥһ롣
ϣ⻰Ժ󲻿˵¹ﻹҪ˵ģ˵ȥá
ϣϵЦˣ磬㲻һֱϲ𣿻飬ʹ
ȰеĿһ٣ûԼãԵֻǾЩʺˡ
ƭˣǽЩ˼
ϴԲ˺ˣԷ
ٳԲ£ĸҳԺˣɫˣҲûȥˣĸ׻ᵣġ
վæָʾԼĶӣȰףȥ¹
лͬ˵ҲûܸϵĻ
Ů쳸߿⣬ǰ˲ͬУһС·δٲ˵ҪߵŴˣȿ˿ڣҲ֪ԽԽԶҲһ⣬ûĳ߽ʼһ顣
Ȱ׳Ĭ
֪⣿
Щ˵ǸӣΪʲô֪
ջصû˵ڵϲŵԱȫԼ档
Ϊʲô˵
޻˵
۾ɤ˼ֿ⣬͵ɡ
˵Żͷһˡ
ȰۻأĬĬ
صסͷƳһ쳣л˵
ү¿ĳ¹ϲԭҲԴӱƽ˸ƵģһҲ¹ˣԹλġ
¹͹ֱʲôŮӣ
ʵʵ˵¹ͣ˵ϸֲȺ飬Ǹĸ齾ݰ裬ƷвˣԺ˵ˣܲ˵
ȰﴽһЦ˵ΪۼΪʵʱһģ˳ֳһֻ䱾ҿģһʵģ¹ûôãҲûô

7

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ϣŲѣûĸ𰡡
ڿǵаɡ
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Ȱ׵ϳôˣǱµͬܵܣĸ׶õġ
ھȥĸʸ
ϣһ·϶ڿֻ״̬֮£㷲˸ϡ
ĸףҷ˵ǰջˣ𣿡
ϵͷ¡
ŮҲҪ޸ӵˡ
˭˵ˣҾԻһɻؾˡ
ϣʣ֪һ㣿
ʧЦ֪֮᲻֪
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ϺסԽԽûûСˣæĺܣò׻Զٷס£ˣúЪϢ
ĸףܹôôԴأ
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ʱɻ鶼ɣʵĹŮӲ٣Ͳһˣ㸸۾ĺж֮٣ȻѰ涼ϵȵѡ
ϣַ棬°͵ֱ֮ϣ˫һգû
Ͽ֪ߣԼϲˣϲ˺㸸׵ģͳģ󶼲Ҫ롣򣬹ٽƷ̫ҽԺԺʹ㸸ΪѡģٿڵӣĶల˳ġ
ĸ׵Ļϣûжı飬ԼվӲųɻ
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ҪԼˣõαװĸжãҲ뵽ôﻮδ۶˰ⳡģֻҪһ
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ȻɬһԲŮˣȴ콫ĸε߬Уô꣬սĶ˻λĲ 
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ҪڹҼ棿ܾ̾У֮ǰȥʱﻹǿլѾסٳҸǺܿҪ֪
ںɻһլԺֱܵͨԺڣصǡ

8

Ŀ࣬һ˿ʲôȻҡ
֪Ϊθôֱָ𣿡ѹϵһǼ氲ȫϣ빫֮ԽԽãԺÿ³ʮʱǵʱ䡣
عʱȰѾԶˡ
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ˣƹܹ޽Ľ󽳳Ȱ׵̸
һԼţŹƵĸ˲˼֡
˻һ˸ֻͰ·ʪˣͷҲɢҿ
ѯʣֵѾͷéĵײ˻үٹߵŮ˽ᣬϳǺүͼӵˮУҺðСں߻ˮϹū澴ȥļʱѡ
ԭҲǺȷ᲻£һʱǶŮϯϯҲδһͬǰʱûԱ߸޴Ӳ֤Ѳӵļȸȥ˭֪Ѿû֮Ϊˮ
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𣿡곶һ´ǣȻء

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ʲôڱϳһ˲ǰٿһޣ˭ΪǱǿȵģӵҲ͵ˣڿɵãֱʵӵĹϵʵıɱƹһŮ
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үǺ⣿
ƻֽ߬üĿ˸ŭⶼҪƲϵˣ
ʶǲţⲻܰɣүһأƲƲġ
ԣԸڹֱӱͿɣɲˣǡƻüͷ˲뵽ʲôתɣɴҲµʲô˼ƽֽţ
ǲֽţҵӼ֪ˡ
*
ˮ¶˷͹糿ȥ밲ĽϹ˼䣬δʵ˵˸ɸԲ˹ȥ
лսϴͻ֮ǰҲûл˽ѯ㸸ٺ»Сʹ롣
ˣĪҪΪø˸ӵҪն棬ڹãԺÿǰȥоΪĸ̫ӿĸɶ׼  
˼ȥòɵҲֻˡ
ĻĽһůΪǺãĸô᲻׼ʹȥְȫǱȥʡĲ٣ɡ
һʮȥģӰݷ̫࣬ҲӦʮȥڹͣһջع飬ĸΣ
Ľδкβףͬİš
ִ֮˰ʱ뿪һߣԭЦӯӯĽֻʣһįҲڲסϡ
ҹ뱻جξѺ§Եȴ˸գɹλû¶ȿɼ뿪һˣҪ´洫˶æװ˯޻ˣδƵƣŵȡ£һɵֹĽ뷭泯ľٶ
ζסʹõȼ㣬ԼĵƶɵģĹδС
ҹȥƹʲôˣ
ôȥеĴɶ٣δйҹȥƹľȥƹƾŮ˵ֱĽ￩һ£һֱû˯š
Ⱥ̹ȥƹΪ£ֻδᣬѹǣϸѯҹŮ󣬾ⲻǵһްҹ뿪ˣڸŮֵڼ䣬ʮ֮ڷ͹ȴҹ뿪ÿʱ䶼ʱ
ΪʲôûжģԴҴΪɣҹŮȻҲӣĽϴӦ֮ǣҹŮȻǲ˵ġ
ߵֶδᣬûжԼŮ˵һ˽ѹ
ʵαװٺҲǱƳ˶ߣŮǿջЦȿ޻ѿֻԼûʶΪɹƭˡ
ڻƹ·ϣɫԴأôֱԲһж˵ô޵ľ޴ԣôʹαӣ
˻Ǹδ֪
ԼףҲûаǻƻĵ˵
ңҲ޷Լôֻһ飬ԼҲȻϾ֮¡
̫̫ˡ
»©һԵ֪
˶ӣϢȥֻԴˣϾ£ҪԸѴ֮
סɫÿʣڷ͹˵ˣ
ǡҡͷµȥĸӦڹˣҲͬҳʮסһ
ȶ׼ǹôƲ֣
ֻǸˡ˿ڲ裬жƵĲ
ҹɫ˲˯һֱΣ϶ǰ£˼˵һθ
δ˵ֻ˵μԼɻסĹΧǲǻ¼ˡ
ɱĶˣܱ񰮣̫ӵ³˭Ҹȥͷ˲ǣ˵˺ū밢һͬסĪ֮Ǹøūŵű޷죡


9

͵˵ǣÿն빫Ϧദ˭ҪҰʹūǶ֪ʲô
꿴Ĺĵģ뵽ǰǿ濪ˣҲǣҲһڹ¾սߣʲôҲӦġ
Ц̣Ͷˣθʵ෴ģĪҪ档
Ȼȥ÷ðգ˳סķҲòãʮʮʱǿԣ˵ġ
Ľū澣ܲ¡
꺬Цͷ
鷿ȹѵûв׼ŮϽѵĹȴ֮٣ɹ˵˴Ӿ⣬ûлġ
ǰҲû뷨ѧϰļܣԸֻ黭
λƷŮ٣˵ҲɣȰ׵ı㣬ĸŮǽ󽳵ĳ٣ʮ꣬һŮסĸҡ
벢ûΪǹ͹ֺãЦ棬ԼĽѧɣʹѧϰЧܿ죬ѵ죬ѿԶС
ⲢһһϦ飬ҪʱѵɼԦκƷֵƥԴˣ겢ż
ʮͣѧһ죬ʱڹ˳ִɻŵĹ
ûߣʱˡ
ȻΪڸȰ׵ļԼΪ˰ȫ˾Ҫ
һ죬˱Ҫĳ֮⣬ʱ䶼ڷڡ
ù˿ڣѾͷȥˮ裬һˮ󿸲סܳĸһټˮݡ
ˮΧһ˲䣬ƣ뱻˴룬ڳرۣûôŵÿԺܾнһҶ㣬һЩûˣ̫ڵġ
ЦͷūҲܸһԡ
ҲۼҹԸôԴˣɺٹԣ뷨ָҪһƤ
ôãǸʲôˣ˵ֲ䣬ʵʵ˵滰
۾꣬ЩôĨڹūһֱǸֱˬͷӣƽʱóԵġʹ͸ǣūǰĴ⣬һһ鲻䷳ٸūĪģ¶ķκ¶ҪС΢ϸġһӺˣūĴжܸߣū澵ĸ
ӻĻҲū˵ģǰûнźҲûô˽⣬һֱսսΨֳһҪԴԺū澷ĺܺãūϲ
˵ҵĺûҵȱ㲻˵˵𣿡
һۣȻū澿ȱʲôʱһУȫȥǵȰ衭
ָ֪°Ȱ֮£ɿһǣø
⣬ū澻ҪȰԺҪʵ̰¡
Ҳͬ˵ĶԣԺҲϲܳ
Ҳˣū澿һͿɡ
Уġ
˰ʱسѾ˺ڣСڷ׷Ʈţʪһ㡣
ſֹҹԺŲµģǶһ˻ЪϢɡ
ǣģ̤ʵЩ
ǾڶʲôҴһҲļȥ˯ɡ
˼֣Ҳֻ
ŷϣȥױ̨ǰ£˿޲ϵĲóֱɣȥѰڵܵأ˺ôһûҵһȦ߽˾ڷĸ߹Ӻ淢
ǽڴ߳ǣľǽڵɫɵģǿʲôͬġ
ƿֻڴǳµĽݣȥҵĵƴ𣬳ȥųһֱߵնˡ
ĵʹڵţ沢޹֮赲ɵıƿˡ
ﲢң鷿
ŵҶ㡣
ﳯߡ
˵ƣܺ󷽣խĿռǰȰףһϮ£Ժдʲô
δþͼеıʿߣɤЩЦ⣬Ҫվã
ܺ߳㷢ˡ
ڻδʱʱǲģ֪
˫ֱ󣬸ɿһѣӦҲʳԡ
һ£ȥȥ
˵ųȥˣһˡ
վﻷһȦ鷿ͦµĸ֣ռּ
ҲƣδҶ鷿鱾
ղŴҴææֻһѣЩ䣬ҪҪȥü·
ͻˣ˼׵ĺ硣
Լϵӣعȥȥˣ
š
㿴ȥһŮ˵ˡ
ǲ̫ӣĿ˸űĹâϾûйŮˡ
Ҳˣ㶼ѳɻˣ͸ֵˡ
ֻȢԸԸ볼ɻˡ
ǰûиɻ飬һĺҸɣ
ͷ˳ڣضȢȢˡ
蹫ˣ¼ةฮóԸԳ
Լˣ⻰ûӣһʱû
й鼮𣿡
еģҡ
ͼĽѧ鼮ǰ·ģԶ飬
ЩԸΪԼӸǣЩԸΪҰһУһΪˣһΪԼһأ
˵ͼʲôԼšȰ׵͵һЦȨڹԼģ޿Ůƽ֮⣬ֻǳҪǸ˸պǹˡ
Ҫҵˣҵ
ȰĿתĶˡԣҪò˴£ֻΪȻԼزΪˣڶ档ЩԳһ֮Լĳ⡣
Ӧһ֮ԼҲԼŵԣҶûκڴһס
ס
ʱ൱ž˫δٳ˵ֱμʱ
⿪ϣˡ

ֲԶˡ
䵭ʱЩů⣬תһӰ
ȰŽŲԶĿǼϣǰȻʧ
ߵߵߵ⴫쳵үĹˣ˵¡

䣬ϣŶˣ磬ˣ
ʲôˣ
ˣ˵ۼ뿪ͲôúóԷˣҲһȦϣ죬զ˵ƷȥƣȻ˵ȥ
ȥ
ϣһ۾Բˣ磬Ϊģһ㲻ھ𣿡
ûԲ£ھδӺζȰ鲻ã㲻Ҫ޹ʸҸʲôϵҲûСʱˣЩȥЪϢɡ
ҳļû磬Ҵߡϣ־Ҫ˸գö˶ţ磡
ΨС
ϣȥˣѯ쳣Ǽʲô󣿡
Ӹû𣬿үΪϲĿʽɡ


10

Ǳ߻һֱƽ
ڴϷȥӶ˵Ļ
飬١
ϸ룬ȷòΪϣة֮ӣǴ䣬ǰ;
ңǰʱȻȴҲûܲʰˡ
Ǹûгĺӣ֣Լʹֶθͬ˷ҪһжԼȡ
дõ;ȢΪޣԼΪԼһͷβһδԵ
Ѿ뿪ػһΪƫƫ֡
ΪԣѲΪ˱ḡ°
ǰǰ㰮ȥ˦Լ
Ҳδ̫
ֲͨŮ˦˦ģ
Ҳ˵ǰĮԴԼɰסǻԼһ
˼ˡ
ǰıЦݣȴ
ˣۣش˯
컹δȫ͸š
жȥϴˮϲ
˯ĺ𣿡
ɡһǷ˯ô
ԡ˯Ķ̹ˣͷСƵĻˣ˯Ŀɳˣƽʱһ紵ݶġ
ôһ˵ɫ΢΢̣Ҳ֪أ˯ĸĺãҪĶʩⷦ
ǰ˯Ҫ˯̤ʵͦõģϢˣܸо¡
һЦ⻰ԡ
껹𣿡
ͣ˵ġ
ù˴ӸڳڵȺ

һ·İһ
˳Ŀ⿴ȥֵֻһദȰһƥɫĿʻķ
ǰУĿ⿴˹
ɿķӣٿˡ
ʲôû˲ɣ
ЦǱĹӲôū澻ûϴѽڶԱرۡ
ȫ֪°һ£ʮһҲûعҲûƹ֪е֪£Ҳλ˸ҹʲôԨԴ
Īɫˣ
˸ں˵˵ʲôء
ǳЦѰҵŮӹ˼ǾͿʼ޻£Ƕˣǵ˸̸ۼ޵ˣֻҪϸ񣬲ƽǰԼ£ָ飬һҪȵʮſɻ䡣˭õѡֻ˽¸ұǣûʲôΪɱЩ֪ϾҲŮ˽Ҫϳ͵ġ
˲ԼͬĵͷǾϳʲôʮӣûˡ
ʹ˽˳˳Ļصƹ
Ϊ¹Եʣյϰαʹ˰գԭ˰ĽɫԴ㲣һ
㸸͹ʱһڹõˣ˵ڹרоĹǰӲȥ˾ˣڹˣ˾ĻģƽǶѵȥ佱ǰӶ¡
ǰ̫˲¶ˣĸΪģʮˣǰ̫ˡռĸЩѻʲô£
ʲô£Ҳǵ̫ӣ֮ǰ¶Ļֻδҵһûҵĸһ첻ð
еĲ豭عǣı̫ûУԺҲӽ
ĸûбԸֻ̫˳ǻֻܼ޸÷ֻĽ̫ƽޱԸڹҴ£㸸ٹ٣ĸԣֻܺòĺá˵⣬̾˿ǰˣ˵˷纮˸Ȳ˵Բֹ㸸ʾҲ䣬ҲҪúעⱣů
۾΢΢⣬ĸҲǣúúñ塣
㸸ʹһЩιʽظÿָ
֮ǰĸĶûģȱ
š˵ĽְκЦӯӯİæѡ꣬㿴׺ӡ
𣬡ʴ͸ĸȻõġ
ǰӴ鿪ʼʹҼáĽ۾ʣǻһδ˯ȴǾ֮𣬻һ˳գۼô궼ȥˡ
޶Ķֹһ֪﹬˭˲֪Ϊѻ
ĸôеĹ㣿
ʢʱĸ˼䣬Ҳȥɢ㸸ʷϡ˵⻰ʱϲʲôЦ⣬㸸ôĵġ
ϸţɫ䣬ĸд̻ζ
ʲôĽϽõϸϸȥţڹڸ֮£ôһ˿˿Ĵ̻Ķߣϸŵȷ׷֡
̻ڴ̻˹ӳɫ綾ζžö֮Ի߶ȱ㣬ŵǴ֮ҩȥζٷøϺõĹײİ壬ȳľ˿ľӲˮһЩҵѡ˱ɷһδֲ
ĽϵۿˮӣһѼĵڶԼ
ĸ󡭡
ˣĸҲˣ㸸ڷ͹ʱҹǰƹҲĸֵⷢģδ̹סôҲûͨΪζģһ֪ڽ֮ǰ͸㸸¶ˮ֮ԵˣԭǰƷةǴƷʹû㸸ʰΣܵλãĽϿЦһŮһʲôһɶ˵һʮ꣬ĸ̫ˡ
µĸҪ̫ѹж̫ӻĽҡ
Ľס֣档
ĸ׿޳ͷζĸŮ㾲һƬ̡
Ů뿪͹Ľ˼Σͳͳֽ˽ⶾҩˮС
ϸĪҪñƼ
ģū澶šŵʱ˶ԣͿֻϡ
Ľһǰ̩
˵ſڣĵ洫
ǰһ񣬡ūߵʺ
˭ڱ¸ǰ
ػʺĻٱߵԵȣūͽȥͨһ
Ľϵ΢΢һ̧ҲûʲôҪ£Ȼ⣬Ҫ˱µˣøˡ
Ӧ£ԶǸһ˿˿Ц
лҪ˵طģա

11

¶ʮһ磬ƻ԰ݻȥջ档
㵽ʲô˼ǲʲôˣ
ջޱ飬֮ûף
õŷҪ棿ȵ˲ǣ
ЦţҲû취
ΪβԸΪ檣
ΪʲôҪΪ檣߰һ𣿡ջ߽ϵƹٰ֪Ů̧ǵٸǱһұǱ߼Ǻ޵Ļʱ̫ˣӵô
ƻ˵࣬ǿôϲɣΪŮˣûȴôңƹǱߣǺޣʲô
ô˵Сˣ
ûǸ˼ֻ˵ˡ
ûǸ˼Ҳ̧ԺҲҪ˽¸ټˣûǸҪ
ƻüͻȻͲҸ
ֻ㷭ֲӷ֮Σ
һپһ𣡡˼ײһϵˣʼһϵˡ
ôΪȴÿ԰ų⡣ջѲٶ˵ЩʲôⲻʺôϽ߰ɡ
㡭
ջתʾ޻˵
ƻ˺ջȫӿڣүٹ᲻պ̶أ
պʲôãֲŮңҿǰ׳һԴô¶ףջ˳ǸŮмɫΣǰŮӶȥ浱ǳ˲ɣ
ȫӸţү˵ǣж¹㣬ѡ𣿡
ܱѡĶҪģҪǸ
ĹȻǺã˵һ㲻ǰȥةฮ׻ؾˣүѡġ
ؾΪĹûң֪ڵ࣬ҹĿ࿴
ȫӳ˾ǣ˵ʲôջϳɣʮ꣬ôʮģǼ˲ٱ죬Ǳԭ࣬òûбԭȺö٣ԼòʵǺԱģʹӵ۴ĶУ˱˸ЩһȫӲҶ˵»ӿڳ
ջȥĸ׵סʾĸڰһᣬý˻ϣʽʶ
ϴ˼Ѿ̬ȣ̫ʧӣ
ĹԶӴ⣬ûദ˴ԲŲԸġ
һۣû㣬Ѳ綼û㣿㲻ҪٰĿŵˣСѾͷӲ񣬰Ȣظٲڡ
ĸͳȫӵɡ
ܲסĿ󣬻ǴӦˣҲϸ˵ˣֻһΣҲμӵĶҹ㣬ûжҲʽڲϣϣ棬ῴŰš
¶ôˡ 
ҹӺջ㾲գԼҸмµϣ
ǣҲꡣ
үҪƽôҲˣ
Ҫˣĸײûҵģˡջν˵ˣҲˡ
ЩƽΪ˲ᡣ
ǳűģڻʲô㲻죬ӱƻǿȥ
ýܵĹϵֻ£ʶӣ׼һ̶ϵ˽⡣
ȫҲٶ죬ĬĬظ뿪
һ붼ǻŮһСǳ㡣
εĻÿ궼м϶ϵñ˴ˡ
ԲȤ󣬳˳ԳԺȺ̽黭գ£ģϾÿһλԼҾԺա
еĸƵģǰķеĳϰˣЩ˱Ժֻô˵Ҳ֪ࡣ
֮ԹһҲһӣô˵ҲǳӵʱէȻһ׮£ջΪϣ޸ԼŲϣв죬ȻΧۣϣһǧɡ
´޵ĶУشٻïΪ˫ϣ޸ջΪ
˳ɻӹļɹջ檣һֱϣδá
׮޹أ˭ջ⺦гرˡ
ÿ˶һżƤֻζϣȥߣڳȥ͸뿪ϯλ
СٴλȻĺܡ
δֻǵžǣŰȻڻϣĺ档ҲˣΪԼĶӸϣ棬ϣߵŮȶԼǰ˶ûҲ֪β͡
ϣջԺ䲻ԶͤӣãڴĵҲ䡣
ûһﰲŵŮɼ°ѻˣǰϣڴ˵ȺԼһӣϣȻòȶһͤеȴ
״꽻ȥǵͨͨվǰһ£˵Ŵҵˡ
Ȼ֪ΪҪӵȥˡ
ߣջͳڡ
̨߽ͤʱջѰ಻סϣֽţ־ŭϵ
㲻ٺĴһЩ˶ֻ˵˽ᣬҿ㻹ң˵һץסϣǿзԼߣˣ౻˵һ飬ĹͲͬˣҵҪҪˣţ
״ȶȥջſҼҹ
ջһŰſˣ
ϣʹקԼ֣ɤ˿ǻˣǶȻŹүģ
ҿţΪ˹ȫ㣬ǲһõң
ϣ˵ʲôջ꣬翴һŵһȣƽ


12

ջ㵻ͷϣ˻Լ֡
컯֮£ǸʲôأĪΪԼڱΪΪˣƤЦⲻЦ˵ĹŮŮŮûǿѵĵɣӿҳˡ
ҡҸ˵ЦأǻýΪջץ˸ţ﷢鲻ѡ
ǵ˵Цᱡֲ𣿡˿˴²֪ڸĻƱ粻ѣȻ²ҲܰװίĹһʵ游ʣи֪ĺûֶЩʲô
̫£Ժ򲻸ˣýҪô˽ԴҶɣǲҪʲˡ
⻰˵δЦ÷ҪҲǹ˸ʸأͷ˿۳ָףĵة֮Ů˶Դʲôģ
Ŀ⣬ջˣŻǲ׷ŹԼˡ
ԭе·ļƻȫ·ɱĳҧƻˡ
ҪԴ˱ϣޣǰǲУ
˻ͼӴףҲǲܳܵġ
ջǸһʱ־̫çײĹΪرȫԼҵˡһء
ϣȻǲԸɢģһδ޵Ĺ㣬ִԷûκκôôƳưͿҲвʣĳջϵʹ˴л־ꡣ
үʵʧҷ緶Ϊʼҵ棬µȷ˾֪үͽ䣬ʵүԺָҪٴκ˵ϣƽĿڣѹ֣Ⱥϥͷ˸񣬡ڴˣƽֹ
û뵽ϣͦϵ괽Ĺģ֪ҲͰˣײӲȻȥԻᴦ
ϣףųȶҴ뿪
ԶЦһһӣַˣȥЦ
ջһһףý㣬ͷŹһذɡ
Ź㣿Цգɤȴ˼֣ˣȸҹȥģ˵󲻴˵СҲСʡ常֪һٰĽһģ֮λɾҪˣϾĴģ常ôŵİѼҵ̳У
ջ亹ð˳һͨһǰ޴ǰΪŲ㺦ýŮЩѰһֱһⲻǣ»ý㲻ԭҡ֪֪ܵܲҪֻҪýӦңԺκõŵܵܵĵطֻܿڣܱܵص岻ݴΪЧ
Ƭ̣ﲻ˵ȥסϸ˵Σ
ջæͷý롣

صͤʱһӰΪϣԼĶӴסԺˣ»صᣬźȻϣѾС
Ĺǲ˼ʱˡ
ϣҲ˵ʲô˼岻лȥ
һ·ǿԼֱϣҲƲסһֱӵ
ôǣɰѸһʲôˣ
ĸסϣޣСܹί
˵ѽ⵽ôˣϿȶ˵
ȶһһʮԭԭȥ˵˸Ļϲ˹ȥƿڴԼǱµֶӣҡ۸ҵŮ
ĸףСɡϣʵһ´棬ŮԺô
һ֪㲻ȥˣϸϸ̹ңҲȥ㸸ûǲ˵˭֪˴¡
ҺƽΪŮΧȻ
ҿ˰˳ǴͨõģҪȻôôʱȥҲ̫ɺˡƽڰ۲ǣҪǱͷɹ㲻ó֮ƺ󣬶˵ȫ
ϣĿɿڴĸףƽϷ֮ìܻСء
ʼҵ˸˾ܿġóȶȥ⣬ĸŮԵһ¹غҺ㸸½֦ø֪Ҳһֱû㡭
ϽȰ°һ¸Ů
ϣˡ
ĸףµ棿
һƭ㲻ɣɲ˭Ҳܸ֪ûУ
ϣľȻͷŮ֪أĸ׾ɷġ
ԭôһøбʵٵĲʣ¼Ϊ̵棬Ҳĸ׵Ļеʱôôýľ֣ԽϣԽƲѡ
ƻʱ֣˾ҹ˸Ǳҵʹźġ
ڳï֮⣬ֻϣˣֻһ˫۾ģɫɡ
ĸףӷΪһ㶼ûҵĻȥ
Ȼⲻǰܾ˻ףٲǸӣָᱻպޣ˭֪˸ӵϣͷɷҲǺڡ
û¾ͺãⶼƽһѡ
üˣýܺ۸Ǽϣôʱ𣿡
ĸףýܣŹϵ׽ҪƾԼ¾ϡ
ϣԿһĸףֻһ죬ƾԼ¾ϣȻ˵¶ɵĳʲôУĸ׸߿ƽÿ˻ʺĶǻͨɣΪֹͲ֪ٻˡ
ĸףǾûǸҪΪүƺ󣬱ϾƺҲǿɵģүĸףֹܷ˵Ϣ¶үôƽɵڽѱ͵𣿡
ҲƽİѱǸ˭ˡдűģ˳ζͶһ֮ѡ
Ȱ֪ĸ׸ıĿһһϦͿģĹִıԼ뷨
֪ĸֱˬʲô˵ʲôΣĸмǽУЩ˵ڲﳩһʱѱᴫ
ĸ׾ͳ˸죬Ҷ˵ٻˡïɫˮȫȻûһԡϣƽҲãûҲգˣ׼ˡ
˵̧˲۽ᣬǻʼδҲ̫ˣôһة࣬ƽգǼһлͷҿϣ˲Ϊ׵Ժ¶ˡ
ï˵²д㡣
⻰˵ı⣬˭ĳ
ڨڨҲǣôҲõȼȰȢϱٸϣޡ
ýڼҡïӣЩɣƽǿ㣬ҽףҲһǸŮòƢ˳䡣
Ȱüͷ΢жԽҵΪأΪʱȢ޵ĺʱ򡣡
ֲھͳɼңȰѻ¶һغүҲʲô
ǡȰŲ죬ڲǺүûû
ïۣкǾ˼䲻㣿
ǵġ
ˣ


13

ȰװĿӸջأӻҪţˡ
ڼҳԷˣϸ߰ɡ
ˣ˽Ҫ»账̫ܵá
Ǻðɣ˻ظҺ㸸׳Զٷ
ȰӦ£ߣϣҲæ˸ĸҴҳš
硣ߵȰ׸ǰҪ㡣
£
ϣһȶгԺš
ƽǰо㣬粻գڽ֮ϻ˵ΪΣϣһʱ䣬类°ԺſʼԶġ
㵽˵ʲô
ƽʲôˣ°ַģ˽в磿ǲҪ㲻ø˼֮Ůӽӽ
ͬĸ˵ĻҲΪȻȰ۽΢¶ʺѾˣٴҲ᲻֪ߣûаѱƽ޹вȣ벻գкã˵仰£Ҹ㲢޶⣬ô룬ҹܲˡ
ҶˣΪƽϣҧҸĸ׵뷨һ£ΪүһĻЩԥˣҲĴֹˡ
̫ˣ˲СľţúûȥЪŰա
Ȱ𰸾δĸļϸϸġ
쳱ֱԱߣүˡ¶죬ǰƽ»ʺǶԷ˱̬ģĹµ˻Ҳûͷ¶棬һǸ˼ûУɼжôĹﶼүģү֪ġ
޷ƶҲ¡Ȱδ̧ͷ޳ֻƿһҳү簮ˣûм̳оλкܳ·Ҫߡ
⻰һЦүԼǣү˵ʮˣûʲô£һΪˡ
лЩڸʲô
˻£¸Էڼұ˼ءŵЦлǸҿ治һյʡ͵ĵƣлڱ߹£ϢѺ£Яӵлҵųɹ
˸һ檣ȰԽɤϪ֮ˮлΪƸǲб¡
һлɨأΪޣ˵ȳ޵ΪǸ˳Цлô಻ӦҲ˺Ϳġ
ҵϣⷽǸͿˡȰױ𣬡õǲõǵġ
ᣬ⻹ûȢ޾ðӣл鹸ߵĵŮӦûԸ޵ġ
ʱҲᣬʱ䳤˾˵ˣΪ
ôΪЩǰ϶ˣүضǡ͵һۣңлɵǸϲε˳ӵŮӣүϲ෴
ȰױӺһƤˡ
쳺ٺһЦһ㲻
*
ʱǰӻˣ˿̵ʱûعҪԭŵĺ¥һ硣
Ȼδ˵ΪҪôʱ䣬ĳĿʼնƺ¥б棬һ̡
춼ˣҪع
ñʱȥˡ
ƹ⣬ǰʵιڲŹ飿
صģ˵¸ˣֵˡ
±á
ùţɫѾΪĻµգ첻һ졣
ϴжױųֹͨˡ
˾ߵС̫࣬Լȥ䡣
ū֣ߵ
˵
лͳһֽǵūŸġ
ֽӹתꡣ
ֻֽ֣١
̫ӿȥ͹ˣ
ȥ˷͹ڰϽū
˵ǰд˵ģʾִ֪ͣˣȥɡ
ֽӹһͷūŸˡ
Źϣ꽫ֽݸ֣͸̫ӵİǰЩ췢ã̫ӵʳڤݣЩ̫һֱڰ׷Ļʹ
־ųһ亹ָܹʾģ
ֻһִߣ⣬־˻˭
ūʵҴ⡣
ﲻ밢ˣкβ˵ô˵ĻΪ޺ˣ겻ЩУ˭пܱŷأ˵
ūΪĵµĿ󡣡һһԼôΪɣ²Ҳܳ衣µĸСԼڳзأ̫ӵ½ãԲߵŴӦСסƫԶҲܱµĴŵʵףСҲ֪ԼôµģûлʺͱŴӦСˣСӦûҲôĵ£еʶū澶²
ĺܺãоݣֻͣһ£ҵĴ𰸲һ¡
ֶһۣ²ˣ
ڽǰ͸Եڷ͹ЪϢҹʱܻǰƹȻʱ䶼ȴǲ٣Щ˭֪ӹѵʥ裬˭֪ıɡиαװĺĸ·𣿡
ɡǡ¶Թ̫ǰĺãôᡭ
ǰãΪ·̫ڤݣ游ʼʮ꣬ûиʵּѺȫעĸ𣿸ǰãĸʹ̻Σǿڤ𲻵ã˴̧̻ۿǣҰЩǣԭ򣬵һ½ȥǵ֪еԵɲСڶҳǶģǿ֮ˡ
ȹ£
ū澽ǲ
ūȻ
ַǣ
վɫİѵÿеֽȼճ˻ҽ
ȡֽվˣһ¡
ǡ˼ͬʱִʵĵ˵ǡ
д⼸ζҩġ
⼸ζҩĶѰѪģ֢ЧҪãŵȥ̫ҽԺȡŷɾǡ
Ҫȥ𣿡
һһҪ밢ȥ졣
ֽӹҩӣ˵
Ƕʶ̫ҽԺԺʹలɣ
ֵͷȻĶŮ
ŵҽҩ֮ң˭֪ŷż֪һ£లиͬĸĵܵܣԪలǽȻõӣĿǰ̴ĸпѪ֮ĸӹʮ࣬ǱǸģ˷һ֮ˣԺҶбдãΣΪǵˣԼǰȥ»֦հдҩǰ
ʱ֪Ϊں¥һˣ˼ū澵õĸӵΣū̹Լˣһʼ֪ʵ鶨϶
ֵͷ˵Ķԣһʼ㲻öֻݲ鲻ӽɿɲʵʵ˵ӼȲԵôĸ֪ǹڰǲźãԴ˺ģͿôˡ
еһĨЦ⣬Űܹ£
ū澶С

14

ȥ̫ҽԺطʰһ°ϾһҲǼձܻصġ
ʣһˣžջǰ¡
Ԫǰߵ佫ıʿıǸɶҳ֮һֻЧҵԶѡ
մӻƿ͸һۿ˴ºݵ
ΪʱѾԵˣ̺ϲƶʱԻʶ
һμԪʱңȰ׵ĶдӾƣΪõȻҪȥμӵģʱҵ˶ҲԪ
һӲжӡ󣬵ƫƫǰ˵Ԫб£֪ʲô˵丸ףˣֵǿѪȴû֮ǰͲˣݲ˻ĽҰ⡣Ե֪˱Ԫʱ࿴˼ۡ
֪ĵԿأҽԭ
Ͼﲻ٣ల֮⣬֪ǸӣΪкβɣʵҲ֤ҵĳûۡ
ʵɲðȥӽԪĸֻҪĪ֮ȥɳ¡
Ϊλôˣȫ
һԪ밢⣬˻͵͵һˣʼձţֱ±ƻó֪ʱֵĴ޶֪ˣĽΪй֮ȻҪϾô۾ţȨ˰Ԫʮӣ˲׼˽¼档
˺󲻾Ԫ޴ͻȢ̫ŮΪޣ֮;вʱԪոյϸס
ٺ֪Ԫʬ״˾ıԺ
еıӣĲˮЩˣ±ȡЬƱ¡
ִ̫ҽԺʱ˯ˡ
ɴŹϢˣ
ûأȡˣ
ȡˣء
ֽѿⷿѪҲЩһϣЩӡ
Сּ£ˣڹ𡭡
˵ĸ̽ˡ
ǳɣЪɣū澰ѵƸϨˡ
˵˵ƻŵĳȥˡ
΢Я꿪˳˹
ȥΧתһȦΣ֮ͷȥſڵš
ʱһʱԪ꿪ţŰվţʣҪ
ȻδԪģల۾Ϊ񣬱
ѵʸУ
ɤɣԪ崺磬δŮôЩ죬Сġ
ȥԪĽ£ѡһСɺõģӺʣʸ֪пշޣ
סĴԺпշֻǸԺסʮ˼ңⳳһЩ
µģ޴ȥɷͷ·ָ
û⡣
ԪԽŵ˽һһǰ
ĿŲˡ
Ҽݵģʱ򱻵˾ǣˡԼҽаʲô֣
Ԫ
Ȼ²û֮ǰһ˿˿ĲȷǺʵˡ
Ŀá
ġͷһЦҷӿǴӼˣ
ҡͷδУˣʱźˣմȾҵĲԼҪʱס棬ٻȥź򡣡
ԭ
ԪԼסĴԺ˵ϰɹһ䷿˰
ллİģҪ㣬Ҷôҵס١
֮Ͳл
ǿɲУжرˣ粻Զٷɣա
Ԫݣһĸ岻ò𴲣˹չ
ĸôˣ
֢һֱҩţܲá
飬ҼʹҲĲҩ򲻵ģûһЩĸӡ˵⿪ҩġ
ʹãҩġ˵ʲôҲա
ЦھˣȻҪﻥģǼĺã˵˻ȥ֧ȡǣҲ֪ԲԲĸĲ֢ǵȥƣĪҪƴˣʲôҪأĸԴĵĲˡ
Ԫеҩٿʵжѣƣǡ
ƣô軨׷ˣֵ˵
һμ棬ȴܾǾñطꡣԪ˵ָܣֻС
ǳǳһЦ˵Ҳ֣Ҿһľ
Ԫ˺󣬰һչҪ˳ĶࡣֻǿʼҪŬ꽻á
׿ԼҪסķ䣬ùζܴ˵ңúúʰС
סĵطҪҪζҪ࿴ġ
һδš
Լɨɾ˸ȥʶԪĸϣ˳㽫ĸסӺɨһ˵˻ӻߡ
Ԫ¹űŵһ㣬ٶһԭұ˾Ȼ
ǰ£ˣ
ǽİˡ
ۼҸɻء
΢ЦҲɣ˵м˵þûŲźáǺӿϲ˵ڿֶ¡
Ԫкġ硯ֻЩȡ
ҩĶϵȵƷζҲδֻǿмأģƲ϶ģ˵ˣҩǮ򲻵ģˣӦûתģȻӱϡ
ס֣ӸģøҳԣɼĳãҪ˼ҺãƽʱɵҪ֪ͼ
á
źĸùȹҩԪķǰŵƿֻˢ롣
ɳԹˣ
ù˷Ԫճȭڴ߸ɿһ˵ȥ˼ôõҩѾ֪ôлˣû뻹ͷҼҸɻ̫˹ⲻȥˡ
Χϲ˲Цڼһ˴ҲǴţȥһвĸ죬Щܼ飬粻и
˵ʾ˵ԪȴⱾ͸㣬ٶ̫񻰣ͻˣмǰѷá
Ԫţһġ
û˭Ҳˣ˵٣ԵøȻǹӽġ
ۣȴõĿʼء

15

죬ѧϰʱԶͨ͸
룬ѵһء
ǿ䣬ڳʵǣһߣ츳
̵ĺáûָ㣬츳ҲҪ¹е㳤
ǫˡ
תͷЦ˵ãһȱϢƬ̰ɡ
ǡ
뽫ͤ¾
ȻʶãҴﻹǺģŮΪ˺Ϊڻίȫ㲻һ¸ҴźӺˣҡ
ûǰң޿̣Ҳ㲻¶ɬָָ㣬뵽Ժͺٲùǰӣʲôֵˡ
㣬ҷѣŮӱΪĸա
һ̶ݸǵһԳ˵ˣĸĸȻͬڳȴ˵̾͹ȥ˺αֵôѿЩ鲻ܹ̾ȥģڳԣҲԸ̡
ĺܺãԺʲô˵ܰһһġ
л
ǰҲֻޱȣǸźӴֲǴ
ȲҲԣƢ꣬ڻƽ׽ˣɴ˿ɼŶ಻ʵ
ҪȥͲˣҲϢһ죬ڼ㺢ӡ
ЪˡԵӦĸ룬ȥ࿴ϱء
һ㶣֪ĸ׵ֻһǱǸϡ
Ǹϣ˵ıǡ
Ķӣ
ǵģܵʮһ·ݾйˣˣ̷ĸѻ¶
ĵʣļҵĹ㰡
ƽүŮ
Циˡ
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𣿡˵վˣϰɡ
ǣ
ԶղɫЦݣЦȴδ۵ס
էȻʮϰ꿴λˣµɻƺЩȻˡ
ڲԶţһֱȵʱѵ
ȵˮɡ
ӹˮҺ˼ָˣ
׼ʱ
ѵƽ£뵽ƹſڣһ˽š
Ž״ĸף۵İҽŷŵУˮ»𣿡
ոպá
ִнӹҩˮУʱŤ˹һνź·һֱСţôˣŤˣ̫ҽ˵Ĩȥ׵ҩ࣬ʮձȬ
ȥ֪һ˵ҽźõĲȥ֪ͨڿΡ
ǣ
ҩˮһʱ䣬꽫ҽŴˮ̧æ޲СĲţ֮ͿĨҩࡣ
Ϊȥˣû뵽г̲ġ
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ҲȥžǺõĸһЩ
Ȼ˳ŵ㲻ʳԣʵڲȥˡ
µģ˷ˣҲݱˣֲ֪˵Ť˽ŲȥҲû˻˵ʲôҲжϡ
ִ⣬Ҳֻ÷Ȱ˵ūһ湫ǰȥ
껹δ˵һʺݵڡ
æˮȥ˳ϴ֣ٳʱĽѾҡ
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Ļ̌ϸҽţҲ̫СˣŶۡ
ѵգ쿴ۣöء
ĽϳһЦ⺢ӣĸƶˡ
ס֣۳ĸˣǲûúóԷ
һվֽӵʳѣǳԲ˶ٱԲˣкתˡ
ô˵ĸҪĽᣬ岻ܿ塣
ô룬ʵο
˻ӻĽϲ˵㸸ʽ޷͹ĸûˡ
ͷĸȥ͡
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˵ˡĽĿǰ֪֪һĽ
ֵͷӦţҲá
սʮ£ôˣ֪Ķ÷ǷЩ˵ųԷķȥȥǱߡ
Ѿ˷͹
Ľ䵭˾͵ţȥ𴦱ǡ
ڻԷһСʱص͹ʱѵȺʱˡ
ȥƹôã
ģ;ȥԷתתĽüЦһס¿ǹֳˣ
޺ʱֹ㣿סļȥ͵һȶ޶Ը⡣
ǰÿЩĽϵﶼůůر㣬Щֻõθڡ
ʶĽˣ
ĽΪ£޴󰭣Щӱõġ
޵ͷָգʺ󡣡
ţ
㻹ᵱ޵𣿡
Ľ϶һ٣̧Ǳ»볼檵Ļʺ𣿡
Ȼġ
ĽȻЦţͷȴڵѪͬʿڳ
¿̰ģⱲӶûԤ±ˡ
޾һʱ̫ˣ㿴ⲻ֪ȥôˡ  
ż룬ûнڹֻʲôӣĽϽ۷źãڴȡЬࡣ
޽Ļ˵Ӧü޸˳ĳλ󳼹ӵɣ
Ҳɡ
ҹ˾Ľ۾ϷֻԼ֪ٸ˲˯еһܣǹһˣǰȴļҲһˡ
Ĵ۽ǻ䣬ĽϵַСʹ޷


16

ϴһʱǰ˹
ǰͬǣ˷úֻ˼ûгݣֻǴſʱ䡣
þҲһҳʣʲô£
¡飬ĪЩķ
ͷãȻߣȴɵ͸͸ū澺
ȥȥ׼ЩĺͲˮ
Ӧ˾ǣŵʱĪ֮


ڳһƣæš
£
Ī֮ͳһ˫ֵǰǸոհģؽ
æӹ鿴Ϻ¶Ц֣ĿǰΪֹһж˳
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Ī֮Ǿ˭ְŽϵģ
ģʱֱſסеģ޾֡ԼҲñСġ
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Ī֮˳ͷס
ûˣȥæɡ
¸ˡ
ֿź󲻽̾ѾͷӣԼΪɽӽԪ˳°ҩ˳ȥ
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ϲЦտū
˸ǽЩ¥¥
ڴڿɽƸУԲ˵ҴԺڣҲܿ
˵ںɻð˼լϵ֣Ǿˡ
֪ʣĸˣ
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ָͣ˵ء
̴ſڽ߱ߵū澺ң׼ͷ֣л衣
žʳЦһڿУ壬óԡ
Ծͺá
ų飬˱裬ˬʱֵֻףƽүҵķ𣿡
뿴ȥֻһµŮӴſڳԱ߲ǱˣȰס
һĻֻ̿꣬ûһ˿˿Цݡ
ȷʵǷ飬˵ףҪʽ档
ֲ죬ʽôֻзһԺۡǰô
ΪȰ׶Իº֪飬ص㶨򸮣أ÷߼ġ
ƽүλͣҲǳд󳼣ְҲͣ˷ŵ棿
ǱôġЦǸϼһΪ˾ѻ¶ȫȻˡ
Զﺦߵ飬Ƕˡ
գãֻЩۡ
ȥɡ
ַ½ݣ̸ں档
صã꿿ϣΪϺ̺ӡ
ӦҪȥȡ߰ϼ
ƽʱǺϲŮ죬ȴǻģɣĽ̵ְֽġ
ҲţԴ˴ʱ䵹ٺòˡ
Ҫʲôģ
һɻ͸̫ӡ
һһߵ壬ⶫ̫񣬽չֱãҲ˴롣
˿ڣɴϼ壬ֹˡ
ʵۣСɲܰ۾ˣɰʲôʱ嶼ɣһʱǿ¾ްɡ
֪ģٲҪ߶ţӦˡ
úð˯ụ̄ʲôʱֻкū澱ǡ
Уҹȥ˯ڴˡ
ȽŲ㣬ҹȥߣĶ˯˯ū澲µġ
֣ҺҹӲɣҪִˣҽ޷ú˯ˡ
ֿųģλ֪ġ
ɰɣū澻ȥ˯ϸǺñ
괩ڴϣϨ˵ƣԶ°·ϡ
ʼţһֱȵȰ
һ򣬻ȼţӳӡ
ֻ˯ˡ
㲻˯£
Ȱ׽ϣʹڴߣȡЬҪʲô
繫Ը
һ㶣ղԼĻʱգҡҲǸ˼Ьá
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˳ɫָƽúܶˣǸ˵ϲƽ򸮵ķ½ˡ
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Ȼġ
ǵЦ󣬡ɳŲ񣬹ϲãӲΥġ
ץס棬ΥĴӺ
ҪʹԼˡ
ĪҪΪǣȢ̧Ůкθϵ
ȰЦЦ빫ûиϵǹʲôϲأ
Ҷ졣
ֽδĺɰӴͷһһ߼塣
Ǹ˭ɰɫȥŮġ
ͷҲ̧޹أʣ
ɷҲһ
ûиǻΪĺɰͳȥ󣬾Ҳûˣ˭֪˻ˡ
˼Ȳýܣ಻ãǷޣɰ͵ã
Ȱ˲Ϊ˭壬ҲֻͬܵˣЩʵ֮Ĺϵˡ
΢΢һЦˣ㿴۲

к᲻ãɷѶá
úݵġ


17

нŲ
˶һۣʾϽ㿪ѵˡ
ȰѸٴЬֱӹĴ棬ʷźá
Աߣš
ĶˣӱĽֱ𣿡
ū澣û˯ҹˣ
ҹˣôû˯
ūҲȥŵƣơ
ƽһºֿȥ˯ɡ
ǹЪ
ŹϵĿڣߺɰŵϡ
ΪȰ׽´ˣ˭֪ҵȰʼһ
Ҵȥ

ˣһ£װˣȥ
ʼһδЩˣҪڵء
ֻӴջأĿǼ䣬Ѫȵζ
ô£
æ´ҽŽƻţٻص߰ѱƿȰ׵౻ѪȾʵһ
ֲýɫЩ԰ףΪӳա
̽һıϢ󽫱ӳβڴϣʹӷ
ҪҲ˲ʲôˣȡ󣬲ڵء
ֻ󱳣ûһõطǱ޺۳ĺۼĿʮˡ
һҵļҷ
ʲôԭµ˼֡
ֻû뵽ôصҲԼǰˣװʲô¶û
һ̣аٰζ
пڴͷԼ´ȥ˰ˮҩΪ˿ڡ
ڱԼ·ϵѪŻδɿݣòϴҲס
Ѫˮʱھǰ쳣Ǽʱѹ˻żҵġ
үιˣ
صүδүͬԸĸ֮Ϊƽ򸮶˻Լүү˼ҵ㶯˼ҷ
Լ֮Эˣ
ޣү˵ƽ򸮽˸ڶ³ݸġ
΢Ҫ׮¶ˡ
ү˵ˣүִⲻͬ⣬ּү㲻ܲӡ
һвù
ʥּһ£ǳлǰûޣֻҪʥּ²ɣǰǰԴС
үҵķϣʥּ¶ڱģֲҲͣн
쳹֣л
մѪҸϴˣȥ·
ǡ
Ȱױ쳴ߺһŻƣ
лңңң۱׷̫ӻǱʵԵˡ
ϸŮסõĳ֪ӵ̫ӵ˺١
䲻жһڳΪһıٶݣΣҪסصˣ·ѾĻֶΡ
*
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үˣ
ʱˣ
ոճʱȥŸ١쳷үһֱûأʲô£±йȥˣʱүڹǶʹȥˣǹҩ
Ȱ⻰üۼһЩϲɫûʲô
ˡʵ˵֮ĶԻɲʥּһ£Ͼǰү˻̸ҲȢ
˵ʲô¡
΢Цµ˼Ʋһ㣬˽˷
⻰Ȱ׵»ĺܣǴĶģ
һ˼ûУαΪ˵ǰҩһǣȥ˺Ϊ·¶ҪԼشڸϢЩʱգɼүǹĵġ
Ȱͷ̵ģˣϲ̫ϲãʺСһ·󣬹ﴫϢûУ
Ӧ˵ҹģôĲֻ̫֪ﱻ½¡˵»˰Ѵǿ׼κɢϢ˵Υ߼̴á˵̫ӵ̩һҲûñ¸ĶĴá
Ϊ˱£ѾȫȻ˲ôˡ
ӦͣǵģɢƱػ۵¡
ʺ̫ӵ߱ضǱµߣǾɢϢȥҲοԱµıԣ֤ݶᱻ𡣵ôƹȥԺ˵ѣǵһѲУһҲǺõġ
ȷ˼֪¶ϲۣ˽»ǻۣＰµ𺦡
ȥ죿
ó緹֮ȥ
Ȱ´ȥϴ˿ֻҪһʹǺࡣ
ڲǰ£ϣſһǰһĽ
ôź˶ûУأ
ȥ¡Ȱޱ飬ĸ˵Լ£ɲء
΢̾˿ķҸȢ¹һҲģĸױƹûаɣ֪ƢҲ֪ҵϲòǿӸ㡣ûоͬⶨŻ£ʵ㸸ҲѴҪ
ѴȰȻ⻰ĸȥƭУʵ򲻱ǰ˵Եұĸ׸ĸ׻ӣԺĪҪ˵Ļ
ᣬ㵱Ҫô㸸׽Ͼȥкκô㸸Ҫһֻ϶ף
ӽһֱûԵϣס˺ֿȰףֻÿѹ֡
Ҹ׽ϾҺùȰ治ɫˣҵȨƵӣҾ͵ǰڲܷ
ϱĻˣָȰ˵㸸ǰˣ
ˣԺ㵱ûӡ
Ͼŭӣ㡭
ȥϣæϣȰʼնδ
ϵ緹ûθڡ

18

عδ淢˺£ֱǰȥ͹밲žȥ
ĽУδ׼ʱӱ㻳ˣ̫ǳδ̫ҽֻǴϣģϾϲӣ˾һֱҪһܲ⡣
Ѿʮ꣬УϲԱġ
Ϊ˲ЦδޣӼڵһЩӦȷż֡
ڤݡҹ̻֮𽥳ס˵ͷ
ٺ̫ҽȷԼеʵͬʱҲ֪µڤݡ
ڴɢ̶Щʱ䣬ԣȴǹ˼ʮô
һֱеζˣ԰͡
ĽӸһܷʹһıʺıӻʲôµĻ᲻ǣ˸ѶĽҼӵ̫ӵĴ󳼼ල£¾˽ᣬ޶һʶ
չ˷ųϢƹΪ綨Ҫϸﻮһ򵭶羪֮ն
Ľ뵽ֵķʽҲ׼вл̥ҩһ˿ûԥˣ˹ر˷͹Ĺţ׼κ˽ɹץסµϸһλŮΪ
ֻץ֮˲ͨ˸飬Ȼް·жˡ
˾ڷ͹ĽţѶŮ֮ǰѾѶ˽
ҲǡǡΪһ㣬ûܰϴɡ

Լҳ󲻿˵ֻ¡
˭ܿڼϾ뵱ŴӦı˶ĺӣǱ䵽乬
ǻô˵ҳ󲻿
ͬ¼Ľȫͬ
ŴϵĽѪɫ㲲ʹѣȦź
λŮɻţ
Ľϻصҹѱ㸸ʴˣ̫ѶʱҲӲĺܣϳϱָʹֻ˵ԼΪ̫в̣Ÿʳġ
޶֤ˡ
ס֣ĸúӣһ̲Ǽձɾʤġ
ĸγֻ֪뵽̫ӵǰľƣ޷ġĽӯᣬ㸸Ѿ֪ǶˣϾȥôЩˣĸ̫ûɣ֪˺ôԸǣ㣬˵ǹ㸸Ŀǰûж֣ԺҲ˵
ǿջЦڵƵȷֹۣΪˣǸҪ׼˸ʷѾѪΪ̵·Ŀġ
Ľϵ۵׶һʵ̫̩һ㸸ʵδżĸ֪̫Ӳɵսõθ顣ԴЩ鷢Լٶȳˣ˸ˣĸû̫ЦˣҲʮꡣ
ĬĽ˾һ
ӷ͹ַǰ˶
˾ڻ˯Уɫܲף촽ϡ
Ҵñӣ̫Ůúչˣƹ顣
лӡ
ջ·ֽӹдںһֱڼұ˼ڳʮ쵱ǸصǾǽһҷݣΪĵط
ɼ
̫ˣ꽫ӵݸ֣ɷޣδɣΪãȻòˡһѣ½пܣδ˭˵׼
Ȼʵദ¾һܻһЩİɡ
лҲ׷̫ӵµô
Ҳ
զ࣬лҲ
ʥ֧ԻΪԱҲֻԼ֪ˡ
ūͽȥػӵˡ
¿һеӣּپգбʶȣлױд
ıʼݳʷ򽻵֣Щڶ
Ź˲ٿεСӣÿŹԺ֣ξǷݿ£൱Ĳù
λѵǸϵſ֮һ󣬳ø˹һǿʲô빫۵ģѧôǻЦֻģ
ĩ˵ʱܲרҪðЩŻˣϾ˭ĸ衣
һˣʷ۵ѣѵĿꣿ
Ļȥ̱
ϸ룬ҲûʲôڣǸΪôҲ˳۰ˡ

19

ڲȥޣïӦҲôּ˵
˭֪δʱָԹټ˸ȥ̩
ĸСѴﵽǵĶУǸŮѾˣǻηΪɴǣʱ֪ҲƲʲôˣȥٴ̽һǱߵĶ
ǣūȥ
Сʱֻ˵Թټ˸ˣүˡ
游
һ䣬Уҵùȥһˡ
ȥǲװ
ʷԹټ˸Ǿ㲻ŵûֻֻ֤۱ֻ¶׹ȥ游Ըּ谮ĸҲѾ֪ˣǿѹߺޣѱϲײʣǵĸԴ˳˼ʹˣܵĿϱұȥ
Ҳǣװٶװˣӷ͹뿪ҲδȥһۣʰĽһֱҲᡣ
ֲҶൢ飬ȥ˱½һǰ̩
ٿŮϽݣֻ˾һʵ۸Ĵġ
ү棬ʱš
֪游ˣԲŹġ游Ѹߣܲκεľţҵġ
Դ˻һЦû۹ڴԵȣūŽȥһ
ͷĿڡ
ܿپֳһ˽ȥ
ǰɫֻĽСһ¾ʹ˷ƪˣ˭֪һ컹ûȥǴСﾹв֪
Ѿ֪ˣû뻹첻µز˳ȥﾹ©֮ûƿ֮Уߵ׷Ǻй¶Ϣ
ͷ۵ǣ߸հԹټ˸˴ߣĽүĽƽɽˡ
λϽսպգλͳ˧ƹܱһѾ˳֮ϣĽնʮһƷ󽫾
ĽҵȨƣʮʱ䣬Ȼһ´ļƻ˶ãĽݾͻᱻȥ߽פʱ̫ӻʺǰްΪ̫ӣĽҾ㲻ӦҲԶˮⲻ˽ʡ
ڿɵãôһ鷴ˡ
˵Ľϱ˺Сһ¶ôУĽƽɽţԻɵΪ顣
ʱٽ˵ˣʾǽΧġ
ͬʱһ㣬Ȼˡ
ʡ
ʶ񡣡߳ɶĸСĴźɣ˵˵ô£Ҳġ
Ļƽɽо֮˱֮
άϵ΢ЦЩԶʵض˼ĸ󿵽ţ游Ķǡ
ĽƽɽĻ֮⣬ͷ֮ȻһЦˣˣꡣ
޵ͣô꣬ӦζԴʺġ
ϳͿˣĪҪϳһʶ˵ΡΡˣĳأͷ¡
ЦȥĽɽƽ̹ǡ
֪ɰŮУԼҲŮ顣
Ľƽɽ׼ʧȥ
ʣ¸Ůˣ޿ԼλŮ࣬ʶ곤̫꣬Ƕ֪࣬Ϊʷǽˡ
Ӷ𣬾֪ʶĸжãĸҲԶ˵ֵĺãǾԲ˺ĸʱƫ̻Ӻˣ̫ˣ𣿸οӹ̽ĸĸ˵ԼֻȾ˷纮С֮˵
Ȼ֪Ǻ˷ųϢʵǸĽϵˣϾ˶˭棿ôһ˵ʱǡ
ˣ֤ݶˣӦ֪ôҲзתˣֿԣ
ʶ˻ȥ̫гˡ
ĸ念ǶĸʲôԸ⡣˵ת˻⣬ӹ̻·ϣ·һϢöһء
ŶʲôϢ
һӶ˽Ϊ˸ƽüҷ޴ԼĶͷͺܲ⣬ƽǾλǰٹ֮׵ة࣬ѵƽҪةฮôôˣڴǲʲôѱƽˣȻΪҪô
д£ɫֲÿˣȰ׺ôҲǴµƷԱïҲ»
Ϣ˴һ£˵໹Ż˵ҪøһͻʥּԴӹԹԾͷء
д޸ͻʥּ޾͵ûķ˸ۣȫ޷
üչʣĸС´£ʼҵٴķзĳΪʧ᲻룬ԼĶӶǰԴΪô
Щ뵽ˡüģٺּ
ǡ
ٳȥʣʲǶ˵İɣǺޣҪǸԺд¶򲻸ٶˡ
Цˣļ򣬡˵ʲô˵Բ˵йʲôҪֱ˵޶㡣
˵ֻǸȨĹɲʲô
ϲԣŮУϲꡣ
һӣһεףָоЩġ
Ϊֹû¶ֵԭ
мῴ˳ۣĺܣǼѡµġ
ʶҪδֵ̫һᡣ
ΪиøʶܶҪӦоУĶȱھ뻻ˡ
⻰˵ʮֿˣǻʶȥ˭˳۾˭㣬ɺã
лʡ
̩Ͻǰš
Ͻžҽʹȥࡣ
ָʹҪھѡˣ
ڰɡ
ѡ˵Ĺһʱѡĵ
ָʹ˿Ĳһߣû뵽û۹⣬ĵѡ
ָʹ֪ĵеĳǸĽɽƽģ֪أҪԵǻ˵ˣΪǰԵģϸǵ常׼үүмгĽƽɽսĶ˳ȥ䵽УκιΪһɴ
±ǰеģڵ̫ӻʺʱ˳ҲЩ˳ֻһ⼸˵Щӡ
صƹˮŷ˼زžúЩ 
Դ֮ļ죬һֱкúһֱʮȫȬһȥ͹˰˹ǰǽĴ기Լ
Ȼлˣ껹ֱȥΨ˽£СǺõģб޻
δֱĿĵأȥ˺¥
һɫװͬɫñӺ뿪
ڴ˵Ⱥš
˺ִܿﴺ꣬ߵſڣȰͷ


20

һ˲䣬Լһ˿ţҵǣûϳ
Ҳǣñﻹϳأ
ܿǱԳ෴ķǰС
˷ƹлλãȥ˶¥
⣬һ˽ȥ
ֻлһˣɵǣഩ˺¡
ְñժ¶ݣлʱģ
ĩҲǸյлվһ񣬡ǰĩǸˡ
лΣͻͻȻʥּ֮ǰл빬ر㲻ᷢˡ£л˵
лѲ˵ݸĩҲ֪ϲʲôڵġλòУ˵ͦɿڣˮҲܲ
ŲŹȥãһлˣϲԵıá
лأĩ಻Ⱥȵ裿
Ҳá
ЩϰӡеˣΪһٻû뵽Ȼôĺֱϡ
ĸʵЩ׽͸ˡ
лΪϺ裬롣
ǳϸ̧ӣһЦǰʴͻʱʮˣ
ĩ³ǻڱ߹ش̣ŲĹ񣬸֣ͥ
ͥһ飬á
лüµĿһ˵ĺáһĩȥϢܿϧʲôҲûʵֱټ֪ƽ
ǰûи㿴ҵС𣿡
ظ㷢գ˯֪Ѿּ˻ˣĸױûаСˡһĨǣδ빫ϲԵĩ޸
üһЦлӦеҲŶԣϾǰ;ҲʹֹˣмܹپӸλģһС檣ϸ룬òʧ
žԽԽ࣬ʶˣǰȰױĲᡣ
ѹպôãѹҪǵĺӣָޡ
ɳžѧվڶԷ˼ɡ
ƲɼãеñʧҲΪⲻ㣬Ҳ˾ĸԸ
üļ˵ʱ۾ٹâڼұչһµԵʣɫھ¼ŵʱ˲١
ƲЩûҵʸʼ֮ҹӵ̫ټˣҲΪԲԵÿɹ󡣡
ֻδ㱻ˣĩ
ͷһȲ죬ΣദȻ
ʱܿлһǰһ뿪˴ꡣ
ǴķڴڴʱһӰȰס
ʱҪߣ֪ȥƹ̨λõʱۻ¥أ
ֲʱлԭ⾹Ϊ˸档
Ȼûڸڶ˵ʲô߶ʲôЦȴʱʱĶ䡣
ԲһЩ֮
ԽԽ
ʼһԲһԵͷϰµģֻ⸽˳˸ô͡
ү˻أۻȥɡ
һޱĻ
*
ֵ꣬ûˣĪֽ֮ɡҩĲš
ҩģת
ǺڸסĴԺ
Գ⽻֮ǰѾһΣǵڶع
Ժӵʱ򣬰ſڿ
մԪһƹԪϹȥæĸף˳ιĸ׳ְҩ޶˻ϰţԼŻ
ôһԷûǱ߳ԹڰԣԼ߲ⶼУĸҲԣαǵĿ
ִ硣
ջ𣿡
ϴ̽Ŀڷ磬֪֪Լ߸ʲôֻ֪ʹҲûϸ˵ʲôǰȥھӼҴȥˡ
Ҹҩ
ӹеɡ𣬽ſڣԷû
ûȥ㿪ˡ
Ҫߡ
Ī֮ܣ鷳ˣȥֳɵġ
ҩĽӹϣ˵ԶԶ˵Ҳ꣬ԸɶǶ˫ӵ¶ͱҿˣˡ
ÿͣĪ֮Ҳûƴˡ
ߦ˿棬ʢһ롣
пڸˡ
ҳ㷹ˡӶ£ܱ
һסɺ£
ûʲôµģַھӶĿǰΪֹûʲôӲµġ
ǱãκѾȥҡ
Цŵͷġ
ųţҪæˢ뱻סˣҪô´ҿɲԷ˰
Ī֮ҲûˣŽɡ𣬡ȥɣⰲȫ
ִ֪ߡ
ҪתԪˣĪ֮ûԶҲû˵ֱӻˡ
ˢϴ룬ϴ⵹ˮʱԪˡ
ղŴҳȥλǺˣ
ҵҩġûأҩĵݸݵòĸյҩûˣЩȥʱҿĸɫ˺ܶ࣬˵ǰˣֳԣŻԽԽõġ
ⶼҩġԪֽӹ˵Ůδĺãرϲ㣬ֻҪһؼңͲͣĿ㡣
أ
ţʲô
ʣرϲңϲϲҰ
ֱ׵ʻԪֲˢĺˣҡҲϲ㡣
ļٵģɲҪƭңһᵱġ
ģƭ㣬ϲ㡣

21

ֻЦ˵Ԫ޴˵֪䲻㣬һ׻Ҫչ˲ĸһֻ㡭
ȻֹֻΪסδҩ֡
֪ҲںЩġϴηʵ޾ȽֺߣȴƫƫҪǿװ򶨣˺ñʲôҪ
Ԫĵϲüѣ㵱ԸҺã
ţԸ⡣
ҸղŵĻδ˵ꡣԪȻʲôûУĻ㲻ܿࡣ

˵Ҳ֣ʶŶ̶ʮ죬ȴܸоʶܾһİ
֪𣿡
ԣ˸ˣǻ念
Ԫߺ󣬰һڴϷȥ˫סĺֻͮͮûȵġ
ǻȥˡ
ҺýǺõģȻǰˡ
ϳд˷͵˹Ī֮Ϊתꡣ
ԺԪ
ЩЩûϳԭޱ߷һµͷ𣬺ӹεĸɸɾ
ǹӿҰϢˣһ
㡭ȥĶˣ
ȥˣ¶֪
ԪͷûʲôǣǱʶҩĶѾͷӦǺܺ˵ģӦòΪǡ
˶Щߣ˴˶ЩֱӶԷ
Ǹȥˡ
һĿԶ
СѾĪ֮Ӽͽϣõˡ
ʵϣűȰԤĻҪһЩչʱĪ֮˹
ŷ⣬һŻ֮⣬һݺϻ
ϻ֡ڽԿţӡδǡ
꽻ϻ֮󽻸Ī֮ɣʱٸӡ
һݺϻҲܡ
֮⣬껹˵ȺϻЧԼԪ
Ҳ˵дϻ֮ǰԪӾ˭
ò˭̫⣬˭ʲôϵأϾԩ޳ġ
ԪѾϹȥˣԷ˳ٸ
ȥгѡԵĲ⣬˼ɫĲϴԼ¶Ь
Ϊ¾㱸ֻǷʱһЦ
ղڣķ˹ȥһͷһ뼦ֶŹȥͬǣﲻĸӻҵˡ
˴Ͽʮֲ죬Լķ˵ⲻƽߵŮô
ôһ˵ϸ˿ôڴˣ
ѹͷĻţݸԪװʲô֪ʣмڹ⣿
㲻ùܣԪеλɻ󣿡
ûȰ˵ϱ⻹ôԾˣһΪͬ˶û뵽Ȼһˡ
ϴлҪԪɻĶ󡣡
ɫһȻȥ
õġ
ǰŸճԪű˹
Щʱȥ㡣
ͷһЦ˵ҵһԷ
ȳԣҪˡ
û¶ȥȾˡ
˵תˡ
Ԫջصڣɫ˵ԲУŻҲͬ⡣
кʸͬ⣿Ԫɫ㸧һô׵ô
ϵǳӣԪȥˣ㸸ⲻǸĸȥô˵Щʲô
˵ñү֮Բͬԭģϸ˵ŮǴСƽߵģһŮжҲĵм㹬Ҳס˵ôصҩĶԣǰǸɻ죬ͼʲôŮָŻ鶼һ˼ҡ⻹ôƽָʾӽĸӵģΪ֪ԪүĶӡ
ȫ֪үĶӣס棬û
Ϊûźýӽѹ˵ƽ̫ӵͬ㣬̫ӵĴǣĿԪǴԺ취ټãలƣ̫ҽԺǱƿڣԺᷢʲô˭֪ʵǾϲⰡǽүǿ϶ҪȦˣ֪ôġ
ôһ˵һ亹Ȼֲĸôãԭоġ
ȻΪеڱĺŻ²ܳɡͼӴףƽɲʲôˣСˣȥʲôЩصҩļֵͶҪջġ
½ӻǷҪǾ͵ǽû
ҪϵĶӾʹʧȥڵĻᣬүǲҪԪȢġ
Ԫü
졣ϴĻЦ£үʲôʱǻظ
졣
ϼѣɡ
ԪҪ˵ʲôץס֣ſ
뿪֮Ե˲֪㻹֪ôԸʲôϣܱҳϣϣ֮סòװᣬʲôΪһŮ˾ͷ˵һĻŮˣ
ЩҲǷ˵һ֮ʣĲ롣
ߣ룿ϸعһʮ죬һʼǿӽ㣬ⷿȥ׾پİˣŮĸ˾Щԭû뵽ģϸ˼֡ѾӦ㸸ףִҪ㿴ʬͳˡ
İɬͷŵ۾Ѹٵĺˡ

22

תӿʼԷ
Ԫǰʱ򣬰ѾԱ
ӣǿջЦʵǶˣȳˡ
£ȴδӣ㼸⡣
ʡ
ǹӽҵ𣿡
еĿ¶һȿ޻ѿЦݣ𣿡
ҵΪܲ࣬ҲԼ˵˵ֵ滰ϣƭҡ㶼̸Ժ󣿡
˵Ҳǣ˵Ҳǡ
üĿĬˡ
״Ԫʲôˡ
ǡ͵Ϊֹɡ
̧ۣӦһá
ˡ
֪ɵ³ûϷˡ
ϵľƿԼһͷһǺԡ
鵽ΪֹˣҲûıҪˣԵһٷˡ
뵽ˣЩ᲻ãȻʮ졣
СƿƣʣʣҲδʰ˿ڱ㵹˯
ܺ˾ƣδ˯ʱˡ
ʣʣˣưϴãʰһ°һ·䣬ˡ
˰꣬ͦʱ䣬ʵϧˣÿţԿ׽ˡ
ԪӦϵҪҩ˻ŵķʱһȻˡ
̫뿪ʱţԪ֪ٻˡ

ʱһۿ˹ڴߵİ
ûá
ʲôˣ
̧ͷ˫ֽĳأͷֱϣһֱԪδū˭ūһֱҲûʲô˵˵ģ˭֪ҵˡ
ҵˣ˭
´˺ķˣūܣûаѹ¶á
²ܹ㣬֪ѾˣȻûɾˣˡ
վ𣬡л
Ӵ·ϴױ̨ǰͷ
˵޸ԪȻʱ治̫ãҲҪɥһа취޸ġ
ҡͷѶū˵ֹˣūԼҲ롣
걾ΪԪǰԵδ˭֪Ե޷֡
ȻԸǱգǿ󲻵õġϻԸţԺõøңҸӡ
ū澴Ҹ湫ңԺֻ뾡ľΪһڼ֮±㲻ˡ
תͷϺжǧǧ򣬲۾ͻôأϻúűǡ
ūǾ̫ĥһڡȻǹӽԪĸ׵ģĿΪԼˣԺΪЧ޺֮ġʮÿǴɨĸװĦۣܺ۵ū澺ܳʵֻܾҪūĴǣҲԱūˣǰһԪĸʶûū澣ⴧū澲ģūһǲв˵ɣūҲһЩ
֣·ǰûٺ˵˵
ū澿˲ǸƲ磬Ԫĸ׽סã˵ǽʳ˸ܣÿɫ
һ˵ʽΪ룬˵ϣԼĶˡվȽŸ֮ǰĸӵӲùĶȥ껰һת½ټԵߺɾҪˡ
֪´˻
ƲģǰôöûظȥʲôȻá
һһԪ˹ĵˣǱֶһԱ
Ȼ֪Ԫ˿صǷ֮
ûҵĿǶԵģҶǲ²ҵͼȫ֤ʵ˵£мֿŶȣ
ūҲֻǴĻδ˵ദľõ˳Ȼĸ֪ΪáĿᶨ繫Ʋǰ㣬ū澵ĵˡ
ͷãȥţױ
Ԫʧˣɻ㣿
׷Ϣ֮ڻδ䣬ӦøʾŶԡ
һָ֣ȥ˵ģֱЦū澵Ȼӱȥ졣
ùţȥ͹밲ȥ˾
ּǰ˵ ̫ӵҵѿ쵽Ϣʱ䡣
ҾŰɡ⼸̫ӿкúóԷ
عĻ̫ӵ⼸ղкúóԷǰŬһ䣬ÿճҪϢʱ䣬δйƬи
˵򷢳ȥˣֻδһƹȻ˲١
ֹĻش𣬡ȷд£̫ӵ˵ϲ֣㽫Щп޵Ĵȥźֻūһˡ
Ҳá
ѣ̫ӵ³ˡ
꿴ȥֻüĿ˾ӻ£ͦɣ̬
㣬ʲôʱģ
ոգ㡣
˾ԣһжá
óõĺɻǰġ
ӹԿ˿ǰǺɻֻСϻͼĸǰĲżһģһء
ҾǰǸģҪǰվˣͼЩѶȣЩʱ䡣
лл㣬Һϲ˵㽫ϵɰͼɰӸ֣͸ˡ
Űɰϵ䣬¶ЩЦǰһҺɰأǰһ˵鷳
Ů̫Ҫˣǰûʲôģڲͬˡע۾ġ
ĸ˵԰·࣬ȷˣ黭ʫʸ踳ǰѧʣ᲻ѧ׶˵ҿǼǵ;Ҫ˵Ůˡ
ҿǼѧϰ˵±Ժһء
˾ֻҪģ϶ĺܺá㳹ѧᣬҾһء
ǰҪӱŬˣʱɲЦˮƽ˵ˣȻȥˡ
㣡
תͷţ
վ࣬һᱣĸ󡣡
һůӿͷЦŵͷá
Ӷ·;ӺԶԶƼӰں̸ͤЦ
ϳǲǺٹƽ򸮵ķ𣿡
Цһʲôʱϵôˣ
ӦǷȰ׶»Լʼôõġ국Сһ죬ֻһ³
ƽ򸮿Ǳߵˣйͬ棬ٹɮҲÿɡƻܲء
Ҳ˻ˣƻһĽȰ׵˳Գ̶ȵŮˣ˵ôĿȰȢ𣿡
һǷɵ͸ˣôȷ뻢ڡ
ƤЦⲻЦȰˬĺܣз˭ȵ
ū֪һ˱ȵū澲˵
кβ˵ģ׼˵
ֻҪŬŬƾòѧ׼ʤһ
ˣ־ҪץŵԶūҲˡ
׷ܵԶȥЦŸ˹ȥ


23

ҹĻոս٣¼ల̫̩
ͨ㷲Ľڡ
޼Ƕ˵δ
֪޴Ϊ𣿡
ӹڵͬĻأ֪
Ȼ֪Ӵ̫ɫϻǿԿʲô¡
ǰͻȻӺʺСĴԣһֱ׷ǺɢϢ˵֤֤Ǹйء
¸Ӵʧɫͷ亹ð˳
£ԩɢĴкκô顣
ΪûϸͰǽе𣿡ǿŭֲ֮ǰһֱҲԭַʽʼģдֵֽڼճٰѼϡ
һֽ˹żֻֽдôʺݡ
£֤ǳΪأ
ıʼȷǸдҲѰ֮ɾڽи˹ʼʩʱ򱻽ֵѲ߹ٱˣһֱ׷ҸۡӰѲ߹ٱ˳ӡҵǽǽͷ֮Ϸӡ
ݺలֻŲ£ǳΪҶԱ¶ʼĹġ
޺һ²鵽ͷϣҲһֱΪҺĹʱԺʹ̫ӡʺҩ˰ɣ
లѹͷսսĻش𣺡ǻʺ⽻ģⶼǳķ֮¡
֮£޿ͳΪʺ̫ӵ˰ɣ
ûСల˵Բұѱ¡
£లԺʹλȫôܸɳ£ҸΥʥ룬˼
֤ȷ仹ҽƱ粻ݡ޵ĵ˼㣬ɭɭҸӣΪ޾ͻᱻڹ̫ʧˣ
ŵòᣬһҶѾʶ˵ʲôûˡ
Ѻεʱలͬʬ⣬ȫȻû˾
֪Ϣȫ磬ûеĶϱĸȣ֮嵽ϾסԺӴĸӶˡ
հǽӻүలžͱ·ˣɨǣǺ˲ǳ
ôһ˵־£˵үôˣ
Ƕ⣿ĿڣүలҪи̣ҾͰĸʬΣ
⣬С˵㣬ȱޣѻ˵үǾôˣôᱻ·أ
ûϸ˵йߺޱֱתˣԪϽȥʲô£ļ١
˵עǸ֮ҹͬҲ͵Ĳð
ïŻеĶŮ޵һѱһҲ޿κΡ
ҸӲɳ£ûãŲС
ǰΪȰ׶ҷƻһ¾ͱһ٣Ϊ¶޹ƻûȥܴܲټ㱻ټҲⰤһ粻ȥ
·ͬСɣïȥԣԼá
Ȼû뵽ǣȼԣֱܾӳӪҸӡ
Ϣȥ˸ʣȥҲ˽ĺ϶ģѾǰ϶ȻҲ̫ͬ˵ҵ̫Ǳˣ̫Ǳߵ˸ɵġҵףܰǸϴɣΨһĳ·ѾûĽˡԸïڻʱ䣬ʱǸǲµģ໹취ҵĻʹ˵֤ΪҪҵ֤ݣҲΪ˵
ïӦһǣµûӦƽıŮ˵ӲƽߵŮɻ飬мסôɺϵ£ƽⰲŵġΪҰӽӻظ£ѱƽҿ»δü㱨
ʽ㣿һУ˼ˣҾ֪ͣСˡ
*
ҸӵĶһֱйעȥˣҲû˵ô䣬ôǡ
ǰϣʣ˵ǲд㣿
ҲﻹдɵĵطҪʵҲǱΪˣ˭֪ء
ū澶ԴϢ֮ĺ档ĸĺ»ۼ
ЦҲİ취أüҹֽռϾͿɣܶ࣬ٱ׷ѶǺܴģ˭Ҳ£Ȼû̹ǴԼҴġ
˭ɵģġ££ϵ磬䣬ֹ˷磬Ժı֪ͨĲ٣û׼ѩһ
䣬ȵ˹ū澸̿𣬱ůġ
š
󣬰ȥˣڸ졣
ҪЩĻҪһЩɫ
Ҽǵùһ״ɫģǸ
Ϻ󣬰ŲЦˣ鷿ǺģҲǺģкϲĺء
겢ãôһ˵һӣȻǰĴ顣
֪һжôϲ
ֻΪ޸һĵȰס
ͷһ˫ε۾
ôźε
䣬йһܲĶҹ
»峿ʵЦҧԼָѪڰϣΪ;ޱ
ҺãĻ䣬ֻһ˼ǵá
ȰԶҲ֪޸Ϊޣʱ䡣
ʱѩϸмдѩӣߵӷ׷¡
һ綼δͣ̿껹ǾЩ䣬ǳԹŶɣ
ͬðϻسԻȥ궬أ˵ãһ˵ū澵Ͳĺܡ
ȰѹӺʳ׼ãھͿɣֽű䣬ȥٻԣʱ˿ھֱ˯ˡ
뵽ˣȸԾѣõģȥ׼
궣̣׼ơ
ͷЦԹŶȻСˣ˵ūҲá
ȥȡ·δõȱ˹
˰Ѹ׼ĶźãŽȥء
ˮУŸоɢȥͷŶůˡ
Ͱţң㣬Ϸϡ
ҲУһ衣
ȥŪŶе꿴Ȱд˵ĸо
[ʱ£Լ]
裬Ϊҽȥ
Χڹǰһ߲Ƭԡ
ƽһƾͿˣϸȸʹ죬ɺã
˵ġæձϣ˿ɲܹ̰
ǳǳһЦֲţʲô
͵˵ˣū澺ͰأˣǻϰЪ
ȻʵǣһͿ꣬мѡ
첲ڰϣૣǶ˵оˣҪ㡣ӮĹֻķݡ
ūվҲվˣϷ·ǧһ㡣ӿԣһ
ųû
е߲ӳʢ̿Ǻÿ
нŲ߶תͷȥȰ˹һ̣ȷʵǻþ
ôֱ㶵Ŀ
㲻˵ʱ²𣿡
մ꣬ʱδˡ˵˵˵Ǻ˶پƣ
ȶкθϵ
Ȱ׵ʱ⣬ɤŭ˭йأлô
лʲô£ֻĪ
ס򢣬ԼӣʱȰĹݣΪҲ֪˽
һ֪ΣҸ˭辭ͬ⣿
Ӻ޵վ𣬲ûվȾֱǰſȥûѹֱ۽סһ˲ᱧ
ֻһת˱˸ϣ˿á
־ŭ棬ҵŮǶڣȰ㵨ҷ
Ϊ㣬ʲôҡ
˵ţϵ
лҪ˵±ӵԤůǻϲȥרղһม
ΪԻˡ
飺
ǹԻŮڹǰ׼ĪȾǷ
һ󣬲۾ʵ㱨ҹ
ٴۣܰԻ˵İԼٶȽĪȾ˵Ϣ˳ȥ
ɹ˻Ĺúý˹
İץȥĪ
δҧгݴһٱٵôĵӣ
º󣬰ԼԲĶƤ

24

û뵽, ǰФ, Ը, ڷҲԸ
ƫƫһû, ҲƲֻ߽ݾˡ
ǣ˷
Ȱ׼䲻ˣͷȥ
ͷŭֱʽ½ȡ֮޴룬ʲô
۸, һܿˣ
滨꣬ȰʵЦãĨȥ, ˼, ˭ô˵ġ
˵Ĳʵ𣿡
Ŀ繳, , ţ
Ƴһ˯ŵİСֹôԵ
ֻѡ
ַָԼ, ˭
ʧװ̫λ
ǿ㣬˭
Ȱ֪˼, ƫƫǴʣϱ˰ɡ
һûȰף㲻Ҫ
ǰҪʲôûá

ģãԺ˽Ҳٶ˵˿ɺãֻҪӦӦһ
㶼Ѿ˵ˣ̸ʲô֪㲻̸ҲûС
ҡͷҪ̫͹Լõסҡ
˵ʲô㶼Ӧ
ֹ治Уϸף
ƲƲ죬Ժ㲻׼ǰˡ
İ㣿˵
֪ʣ
һ⣬˵Ĳһ˼
ǡתһߣǿСҡ
ǿбʲôޣȰϷ룬Ҳǿбңʱƽӭ
봸ĹͷҾͲӦøףֱң룬Ҳ޸лδɡ
˵һ顣
ϱ죬о׼ˡ
ȰΪһѹסԼƢƫƫйص¶һ뱬Լ̫ˡ
ҴӦ㲻ǿ㣬ܲҲͬҪһڲԣҲ
֪ʱǳǿʱһͷʾͬ⡣
ֻǣ¶ԣҴӦ㣬ִӦңǶԵǰ㲻˵Ǵڡ
˵һǡ
ǵһ֮Լϣܽܵסٴ򿪡
Ϊ״ӦδֱӦˣԡ
ΪôʹʹӦˣ
ΪôʹʹӦˣҪĴҸˡ
ϵϵһƿվһٸʰȫ˵һһЩ
̵ٰϣһ̺ӣö˯ŵİ˯棬ΪǺúøޱ
ĵΪŮͷȰ׵һ䣬Ƴ𣿡
˵ǻģϴһԣϵҩ
Ҵϣ˵塣
ȻһЦﲻġ
ô֪ƻ̿𲻶ˣָ˲٣ŴһЩ͸硣
ǡʱϵİһԪ֣һٿһֺ˯ŵȥҡ
Ҹӵ¶ġ
ʮƶʡ
֤ôƾʲô˵Ҹɵģ겻ϡ
ϣңҸӱκ󣬶ؼҿ˵ⰢԪɻ飬ԸպǸӾͱݺˡ
ůƿ˱裬ܱβ룬Ǽ¾ǸӸɵģӹɡ
ǡ
Ϊ˿϶
ΪҸɵġ
еıһЩˮæ˲ɫΪʲô
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Ϊ˵õҵΣ
еζִб塣
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֪¶һ֪롣
еıӵݸȲ衣
ȰէȻæӹǰˮȴǼǡ
లĶкڣ
ʱ֪ᱻǣڣ˵Ҹ׷ףԴ˽ǡҪСģܻŻϡ
굽£ҪĵԼҲΪ㸸һ鵽ͷϻ㡣
ϣҲлѡǷҡ
Ȱ˺ȥϴһ
ϨɵϣԴκģȴ˿˯š
һǰȰףһֱĳڵ
һˣôоֹ˴Ĳ죿
˵л̬ǰһ⣬Ͼһ
Ȱ׵һ
ǵû°
ǺҲͰˣôðôΣհ
òǰȰһʵģ͵͵۲һ£Ҳ벻ջ
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Ҳûأ
ˣȥ֪ˡ
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ǰܵȰҲȻ뵽ռȥ
鷿һƬûˣǰˡ
δߣСĵƶڣƿ鿴棬ЩЩۣ⾹˰أԺҲ߶
˶ţߵǰһ£Ͼˡ
Ȼ鷿ûֵ࿴ػ
ŵһȻףͨȥĵط鷿
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ǰƴλжϣʮֿ϶Ȱ׵ס
ֵǣҲ˰ء
ǶȥĶˣ
굽ſڣ̸֪ΪԺһûˡ
Ϊ档
ʵڿϺŻ£ѺٹΣ˵ĸţСһֱĸ߳ͬ
޿Ϻ֮⣬òֻǱȽϷиûоͬš
ԵЦûǰú˵һֱûÿϾʱ㸸ƽԼ
ԭǵģ֪ҲһƤ֮ࡣ
࣬ôʲô˵̾Ѿ֪ú׼뷽Ļ£˽ҲҪӴ鶼ġ
Ȱ׸ͣ˵ǡ
·ݽƾͼǼ½չˣ
һжڽеУ˳·ıǡ
һΪ϶ųߵӲ½㣬Ϊġ
ûˣײײ»ص鷿ſڣʪȡţŽ̤ڹţֻ׹˸ıѣ
ʱһеʶõ˻ش
ֲðʮȥ°ʱ̬ȴ䡣
ƾͼƣ
ųߵ㣿
һϷ
ûκεĸı䣬ֻǱǰѡһַʽ
е˵Ƕɱļ
һ㡣
жæߡ
ŷȴû򿪡
Ųһ٣ϸһ£ŵ
ΪͻȻ鷿ûü
ˣⷿ仹ǰпá
ƿܵŻȥصңֻ˫ŷû֪
˲ţ̿ߴů˺ôһžЩ
˫ֳԼ࣬΢΢ֻ۾Ųˮ
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Ժ쳶һȰףүĽҰӦǵӪУøĵԴںһֱԵϢ֪ˣ϶Źǵġ
ֲ֪˭ȷϢǴųģ
¶Ȳ˵˵¶ⷬҪκζԻ£úõȴ³ɻ飬ʱǽỹǲ᣿
Ȱ׽豭£ҿϽᣬҲҪûҽᣬ˲һġ
쳺Ϳˣ˭˵ƽ𣿡
Ȱײãˣ
ŵæͣµ˼ֻŻĻ°ƽµ֪˭ˡ
Ȱ׵ɫͣƲҲɱ顣˭ʱ֪ˡ
ˡֱԣϣ¾ƽĴ֮ˡ
̫ӵѾ챻ڶ׷ˣһҪأٸ֮ʣ˵ޱ·ˡ
ʣүѶעȫѺǽϣֵ𣿡
ôֵֵ֪أ
ǡԴ˾޻ˡ
ȰЦʲôҪ˵ģֻǻǱˣ㺦𣿡
²µүʱͷá
һ㣬Ȱ׺޺֮ǣ̫ӵǷǲ֣гһǸλãҲ᳤õġ
룬Ҳԡ

ղûз磬ѩֻǷͣˡ
϶ˣƬ̣Ȱ׾ȥˡ
ĸſ˵л˵ȥ
Ȱ˵Ժȥˡ
ĸ׵ӰȰţҲȥ
̿Ѿ𣬵ůڣҲ䡣
£²ȥŶ˵Ļ㲻ٷˣ㸸ʵȷǷˡ
¶Ŷĸ׺һˣ
ʵԼһ̨£ŽɹģܵһС
ǣҲٷˣĸ׻Ե¶ûеĻҾˡ
ʲôʱأ˵ӻҲٵָӣ£ĸл㽲
Ȱװѹñϣ£ĿתĶ
û˯һþһͿޣǴµģҲ취ʹ֤ݣΪ
ȥˣұǱҵȷ֤ݣҪƷе̸֤ף
ϿԿҲҪæѵĿ򱻴ڻźӣһû˸ף
ĸⷬ׵ڶԲĻʹһԺͷˣ
㸸˵ʵҲĻʹ˭¶˭е
Ȱ״¹ش󣬸׻ǽСĵĺãûɹﻹԸȥ
㸸Ҫ´ùϵǼпܳΪһˡ
Ͳµ״ϣͽˡȰ׵˵ŮҸʲôܳΪĺҪ
Ҳô˵㸸ףҫҵ鹺ҪȢü޺ͬҪϣɹΪޣµǸλϣɾǻʺˣǶҫôﶼӣ
Ȱ֪˵Ҳ棬ñվ𣬡Ҹʱ䣬Ͳĸ׶˵ˡ
Ȱףȱ߰һûĹ֮¡
ĸ׿Űžˡ
Ҳûڴ˾򸮡
ĸף𣿡
ˡ˳ϣԺĻ²ˡ
ΪʲôˣϣԵɲ֪飬ô˵ģ
û˵Լͨˡ£˿ǷҲǸɵ˶ûôӴԺӳˣӾŻºãɻ黹أйദ˽ġ
ȻȲҲֻϧˣҪ޸ˡ
ʣ˭
ԼҵĶ
ʲôϺһ¼ôģ޸̵ģ
ʿụ̵ܾ̃ĶǮǻᱻ
Լͦ¼ҲǾȨ׵ģ¶ˣһֱţ¶Ҳٵˡ
̾˿һͦϲǺӵģûԵֲܳΪϱĻʲôʱ򣿡
һ졣
ҪģѵöһƬģ죬ǵúúñ񡣡
ϣ𣺡ʲôľҪĸˡ
û
û
϶úÿĺи̣ġ
ĸףõġ
*
ع·ϣ˯ˣһƬ࣬϶û˯ãѡ
ƹ뺰꣬ˡ
ù˯ɣ˹˯ˡ
ͷϸ˸̺ӡ
ů¯Ҳ䲻ȥ
˯ʱѣѰ磬ôûң
ū澼˯𣬱û
ѩô
¡
ѾͷٷѾһѩŲ淢֨졣
ֳɡͷߴһ·ӭݡ
̩Ϣ˵´ҪǰķѲԡ
ȥƽ˲˽䱸ģô죬캮ضģúôڹͷϹܸʲô
˵ǽûΧһʱҪȥתת
ÿ＾޶ҪΧԣǡ켾ʣѳɹΪ̫ڷæһֱûȥֻȡˡ
㲻Ըģҵ¶֡
ҲпܣҸӳٳûãò
ȥҵķأ϶Ҹȥװƴǲȥ
־òУ̫ҽԺµûǵˣ˷ס
ұ没ĸСӻûһȥ̫Ӽ֮ܶȥ޼ƿʩ
ū澾幫ģûô׶̫ӵ¸µĹϵʱһֱŵĺܣһлʺ˵СӣǱ²ǶôһֺԳ谮ʺҲûʺһȥ㣬Ǻã
룬Ļ޵Ǿȵᶨ˵
ƹ߾õᡣ
ָ˵ˣĽҪȥ˾ҲȥΪڽ㣬β
ɼ£Ҳֻ
ӹһ飬֮⣬ԡĻᣬԪĺٹƻһͬǰ
ڼ˾ةï齭蹲֮ͬƷԱݡ
޹ְоλҲзݣɴҾ졣
ԱʮʿлΪ˧
νǺƺƵ
ǰΧʿȥˣΪƽ֮ؾ뾩ûԶԵʡ
ȥˡ
Ľϼ˾ڣھǴҲģǣң֪ǰҲҲܶܣԣ֪ˣʲô
ʵأ֪ȴʲôǵȫ׼С
Ѹ׼Ķһһϣ˵طԸЩۡ
ˡ

ƽλӾǱ߹ٵһɵִʮٽ
ʮ¶ʮ죬Ľϡͬ˾޴dcʻǰƽ·ϡ
ԱιˮݹˮĽϿڴڵλãıѩء
СʳһֱãһֱᣬѲǰ顣
ʮ˵ûͬ޹ǰװȥ಻ӭ
ò룬ǰװһգֻ˽µʱŻ¶ʵ
ãûߡϾϹλãܴһԭ
˿ܻ䵱Ľϵġ
ȻһöûУĽ۶ޡ
£ڻŷ纮ģ
ƳһǵϸӣԼµ÷纮Ϲʲôģ
ίͰ͵˵ǵĽ˷纮Ⱦ¡
Ŷǰѻʺϵĳȥַܱܿգ
檿ûô˵ǱԸ˵ġ
һƿվߵĽϸǰˡ
ȥȥ
Ľû˵Ĭųȥˣۡ
޼˸㣬ϳûͣǶӣĸˡ
ʱĸ㲻ˣûģԼϵ⣬¿ˣ˵ֵõѽ˵ݵпáڳôһ¾Ϳķˣ
üۣҶ֮ǰ˵ĻˣͲʱƣ
վǰĸ첲£檽Ϳʼʣܿġ
ĳˣЩˣ䱣ְĪҪޡ
ȥ˸䣬Щˬ죬ϾĽ档
Ҳ۰⳵ϾһŴĴĶȥ
ĵĽ£ó檸ŴȽⷦɣ֪檿ɻˡ
á

ŵߵƣֻڴ࣬泯Ľϱߡ
üֿʼˣ
£Ҳɻᡣ
ûضˣ̺ϰɡ
ת˦˦ϵ˸
ϵĽϵĺףһα˯
Ӵ鿪ʼ³泯§˯ġ
ʺ󡣡
Ľһ
ʶԽԽˡ
Ľ֪˵ֻ꣬ٸһ˾޵ŵ㣬Ĳ֣Ҳ޵Ĳ֡
ʲôãֻᱻƭ
һ仰ޡ
Ľ϶徻ˣ۾ú˯һ
һ·̣ȵƽѾ
󲿶ӿʼӪկ
ûľӣ·ϻᶨʱͣ˷㣬ڵ˵طϴηȥ˼ʱ˺ˮٵ֣Ҳŷ㣬˵ˡ
ͬУտϾ̫ˣ©
ΪԤһ˻䲻Զš
ȥֵʱϣŮȶ
Ϊҵ¶ֹʶбϣҲΣŮһ𹧾
ƽ򸣽𰲡
ɣӾͱôˡ
˶ŮңΪͬһ£һߣһβԶľ봦ҵһǳӣ˴˵Ҳ˲ʲôˡ
С·ھԼɵʱ򱳺Ϯ
ֻõͷһδӦ㵹ʧȥʶĸ޶𣬾˵ϣʡ¡
ĺ˽ѩ̫꣬ʱʵ޷ĸ꣬ų
ȰѾͷĳȶųˣٰƵųʣꡢϣͰʵ޷ֱˣΪû˫٣ŵǺòѡ
ǺһֱӰ˶ˡ
ֿڵ죬ǺһûӦܹȥѾˡ


25

ꡢϣʧٵϢܿ촫顣
ϵ¶֪, ŭ, ׷ǺΪ, ذ˽Ȼ⽻, ׽ͷĿһɸɱۡ
Ľŵʧǣοţģ޲ûʶµġ
⻰ĽǸЦ㹻ɻԸɵġ
Ϊʲôôޣ
¶ԻʶϮһȺ֪𣿡
޳Ųţ޲֪顣
Ľϵ, ȥ
˳ǰ˾档
ĸлѴ˳ŽӡȥԮ, ̫ż, ЩܲԶ, ҵǵġ
ĽϷļͷ, ֻ޲˵
˾ĵֻŲĽ٣ȴ¶ֻ֧̫ӡ
Ľϵĺ, 䣬ĸϳůͣӪʰװ
Ľϵͷ, ʵмҪģĸٳʲô¡
ס
Ľ˲ᣬdc
ǲԾĳһ£㻹ǺȺϢɣƽ󣬶ʲôµġ
ԼľǲһĻӺͰ˹£ô𣿡
޵ĸ첲£˵ʲô䳼檵ĺӣֻǰοһѡ
Ƴһۣ⻹ˣʺ˼㽫ı𣿴ôˣ
ǳ˼ˡ
ûȤָԼҪʣڰָ˻
Ľϱ˫ֺʮŮЩֻ㰲ȻĻҲˣϾ˽ˣʲô˭֪أ
οһòЩ˻տţ
ϣûⲻĽǸ޴Ĵ޸మһЩİ˹
һ뵽Ϊ˴ĽҶĽϼŮôĳ谮ĽʣǼٵģҲӵô겻
ϸԼӾԶ޹һԼ˶죬Ľϣ׵ĺܡ
ԼĶŮûһرϲ
£Ӫú󣬳檽㰲޺𣿡
ʶδ㻹裬ûİ
ڨڨһЦƽ³Ҳʹʹʹźǳ檵ķ£檲òϡ
޽ź򡣡
ˣϳױˡ

Ȱ׼Ǹлͬʱ֪˳µģлǽɴʿһȥҡȰĹ٣Ȼֻ쳣ѰҵĽ̲л
ǰһ·ߵģݵǽŲۼ·̺·һлɽȰС·ɽߵƵʹȥ
ɽֵϹ¼ź䣬ѩأͷǲ֪ķӳŵΧͶһ̲ͣǰš
ƽ֮ǰȰѾ⸽ɽֶͼעһ飬˵ǵһͷӬܡ
쳸ȻܵϣǣĵĻȰ׵Բ
ʱȰ׷˸ȣƿװҩգʱ·ȣٳƿװҩѹȻ˯һ硣
ط̽һĶͷֹˡϿ̫ҽ֧׼ҩǱߴ˳Ϣ
֮ǰԭصȺԼȥѰӪȣȰûӦ
Ͷ˵ɽ£ǰ·ǰһԼĪɿȵĺӡ
ǻˮұ߷λٲ£ɸͻţ˲϶ɱ
ү档
ӵǱ⣬ԼԿǴׯ
ȰװеĻѷŵͣڰߣܿ½ţдֻͣĺۼӺܳϨˣιȥ
үǻˮҲĺܣŸȣţһ˹ȥ
С
ٴ⵽˾ܾ쳼ȡºԼҲֽĽ£ˮʱ쳶һ飬һ־·һֻε԰ˮæ·ϣֱ¡ٿԼӣʬ֪һ˿䡣
ĺܻǲǱյзˡ
Ȱ״ͳһƴСƤһ״ĸлʯͰޣûʯȼޣ˲˻𣬽źԹ档
߽ͣˮߵСִľϻʪӡʱ;Ľӡơ
ݴ߽ӡĺۼ˳ߵڣҲΪǰŢĵۼҡ
үøй𣿡
йء
ׯӿҲı°Ҳѡ
Ȱ׳ô¶ֿǿ϶ڴǰڱˡ
ҲԶҲ⸽ү֮ѹǴδأ
Ȱͳͼϸܿ𣬡ҪôĳµؽѣҪôڸɽС
ɽ¸ڵؽѡ
ţҲΪп˵ˣӦҲһײѡȥĵط
ǱķذǾۼģǻһ飬Ͼϵģ˭ȥǸطأ
ߣȥҡ
ӰһΣæһѣү
¡
˰̫ѨŬ۾ѣһߣҷصλ÷˲ʱ䣬ȷڴԶĵط
ʱȰЩ߲ˣ쳷һôЪϢƼԶ˵ӰһһӵȻ߹ˡ
һ֪ǽ׵ˣҹģ˭ڷصΧĵؽ
鵶Ȱװסҡҡͷ
磬û뵽ӻͦҵģҧһſɺˡ
ģΪڹﰡǵĵ̣硣ҪǴţҷ֪ҵˣӷͷˣôָңˣӸֵܼȤ
ŶǷֲˣǿǹأ϶Լš
мŮˣҪŮ˶øֵܣǵĴ磿ҷҪСźңҲ֦ҶɶζÿŻٺ١
䣬һʹϮ˵Ӷŵºܿ
ͬ״󾪣תȰ׺ȻĿ⣬ҹɫʹһ㶢
Ǿһ˲жҪȾܣȰеذ׷ɳĺ״׼
ʰˣ쳰ذ׼ϲ˲Ѫһǰؽѿڡ
Ȱ׵ϥſڵؽѿƬ֮һʾߡ
˸صĵطȰ׽ؽ˲٣ģŵһʮؽռͦЩŲסһ˶Ըô̫ðգȥ֧Ԯǡ
үôӦ£²óȻж
ֲǸӣȥء
쳵һͷذ׻Լֳų뿪
Ȱױϣ·͸֧һɶҲ޷ٶ
Ŀ⴩תؽڵķǱ˺˺Ҫˣʹ޷
Ȱ׵ʶ𽥵ˣ۾һ˲䣬Ժ︡Цգɷ
ĴǸһ˿Ц⣬۽Ử䡣


26

Ϻ, ؽȴ⡣
ѿڳͬʱ, ϵʮһ߸, ߶߳ߣռ, ô
Ǻܷ㣬ݣŲȵĵطܣʵ¡
ʮˣʮˣһĸˣŮͷĿ檡
ʱ, ؽͨ걻վڸľ׮ϣӡ, ЩѪ˿
һЩ, ˵Ϊٴֱ, ͷϵ˿˳̫Ѩӵ˵, ȾһС
ϣúܶ࣬Դӱʺ, ֪꣬˱ûˣȻҲûʲô֡
, øôȥôãһʱˣǳʲô˰ɣ
ƺʮ꣬Ũüź룬ĻҲԾģ⿴ǣ˸ߡ
á
Ⱥһߣص߽ľ׮ڻƵϸ°ͣϸϸǰݣ⹬ĹǸŮͬƤ˿ǵļƵ׹⻬õϻʮ˵ģ˵绹ֱĶ㿴𣿡
û˵šͣŮ˵ֱ˿λƽ
ʧǲ»˾ɰԼŮһ䡣
תͷģһʱǻزģؽֻҿأʲôʲôǲߴġ
㲻˵ѵŮ˲𣿡
кѣ޷˵ˣ˵ԼҧԾسԺдָ״Ҳ޼£ΪͲʶ֣дʲô
Сɩӿܵ˵˵ߴ磬һͷء
ôŲҵΪˣ
֮Ĳޡ
شһѶ̵ˣұȶָǵࡣ
ŵϣŵѪɫɸƵķ׵ӡ
زûȳȥȥǰֿס򢣬ԹԵϣܵȻĻֻˡ
зļ⵶ﲻǼٵģûãҲûá
ôʧ𣿡
һ仰صʹ㣬ɫŭǾƲԳԷˡ
ҸʺȻǺܶ࣬ԴҪõҸʵϲûгɹֻĸй꣬øʶר֪꣬Ϊʲô𣿡
Ĺ˭֪ʵ۳谮ʺжţĻ˿ûлɡ
Ϊʲô
ΪĸӸһһƬģ¹ǻʵۻƽգֻҪˣ͹á
̻̲ϣԴ˻Ȼ򣬰ֲûʺʢ費ԭط治а
Ȳʣλ˽ʲô֣ס
˵֪Ҳģһ˼档
ݵĿ϶ܼɣ
ҵȷܼ棬һתֲȥϾһ¶棬ҲζкܴΣաˣԷǶûȤҲһţͷھǵıԺǴԺ˾סʱȡ
Ķˣ棿
ʱˣõƭô
ɿ򢣬ҵص㣬ұ㰲ȫ
ǿ ң
ˬͬ⣬ԡ
ߵ˲ˣСɩӣ㡭
ؿ첽ǰڽߵٵĺôǷһ飬Ժйϣһ
ǿͬˡ
Ըҵصˡ
ղͷӶòŵ˵˺ְɣ˵ʵûȫУصڶ˵ҲȥǴ絽˵ؽϷʱ˵㿴𣿡
ط˸ۣҿɾ㣬ԶŻԴ״ͷĲ㡣
ˣʲôοҸ״Ǵҵһ֮ʣûô
Ҳҡ
갵˿ȵǴֻ֪δǣ֮ǰ취߲С
зĵض𣿡
Сģģ
ġ
ظ⿪ӣʱɡ
˶˿ܣһж֮ǰѾϢ䣬Ѿѹѱߡǵؽѣݾͻᱻק

ӹŲֽصָʾȥǱ߻һյ˷ĵط
߽ȥٰͷϵĽȡ
Щ˵ҪǵβǱüŮзգûиǿжߡ
Ҳˣᡣ
ƾɣӵǰǿյģβһǾޱǶ˺챦ʯײиСأм֧Ĩ룬ںδֻҪѪἫı
ⶾ̻ͬζΪͶ˺
׼ΪԤһҪóˡ
ȡ룬պý·ŵͷϣ
ٸŲֽ𣿲á
һ䣬˹
˼һ˳Եĺһ䣬Сɩӣ
С⡣
ûӦŰɣϡ
⧲Ԥвãһ꿳˹
˼ϣܣһֻ˦סʱеĵॵڵأҲŵ˵ϣܿ㲻ˡ
һĻϣĶǣ˶ˣع촽һ
ְסðѪļһϿͰӡ
ǵøϿӣȻЩ˻Ҫˡ
ϣͷһԵİȥ
յݱߣд򶷵ս
ϣһۣ϶Ǿǵˡ
ӦǣҲпܲǣҲڶأȰѰȥ
õġ
°ǽ
˳쵽ѿڵʱлųһȥϢϣ
лǾǵˡ
ڵϵϣſԼϥصĿ
µۿҲʪżͷֻýǾޱȡ
ǲδڵؽõȣܿл쳴˵ؽѣļһСƬѪɫһ衣
ˣ
Զϵ˵ţöǸδüܿ㱻ˡ
лˣʱЯҩͳϣ˺·Ѵȡ¸ϡ
쳽ϣ𣬡Ĺˣ
ҡҡͷޡ
쳳лˣٻذɡ
лӦһкȥϣڻԲѵİǱȥġ
ʿֻĳ࣬л쳵˵л㱻лͻȻߴɤﵽӪס·̲ҹָˣĩ񡣡
쳿һĻܵĿԶ֣ҹУȰ׵Ӱվ

27

쳲Ҳ֪ʱ˿̵Ȱɫжѿ, һһ, 
лסŲ, æǰɿתһȦ, ŹŮĹµϢ󣬸Ȳ˵ǵģǰѰҽȣҩûϺȡӵʱΪֻڶ԰ιȥģȷ˽ѿںѾ޷ж»ȥ֧Ԯҿл˸ʱ, Ĺ˴Сڴ޷ߣˮҲݳ˷纮, ɷ빫ԸС˻ȥ
лһü, ԸС¶ʾꣿ
ѹ˵ôϸ, ޷Ǳһ˼, ȰײӪȵĹ
쳵Ļԭлͷ
Ǹû, ʵжȰײҪĻᡣ
ôȰ׶ʤȯգϰ·ɱͬӪлʹ˻δ, ڣ
ʮ棬ܸܵĳȰĲϲлֻлĪ룬лֵ֮ŭ
겻֪֮ʲôìԨԴ֪˽¶ǲͣȻҲųлӵϢ䱻˻顣
Ҳ׼Ȱ׽ƾͼƣǿһģȷƿıһ׮ûиĻԴﵽĿġ
л֪֪Ȱ׷ųϢеʹйڵ˽أʵ
֮ڰнΪӵƵģĬˣ˭Ӯµġ
ƻ߽׷֮Ĺϵ˵ؾ֮·
㱻ٵûϣҲȰ׻ĵӪ
˴ξԮʵͿ๦ߣӦշлʿȥӦһˡ
쳶ߴ֪ͬǲǻþȰܼҷʱ̬ȣ䵭ˣ˿һ˿Ĺ
ԭΪлԭ򣬵ƼͷлĿڵʱӶɳˣһ޵ˡϣ뼸ʿһȰڵλöȥ
ŲԶͷ뿪л½
лɻ׽ǰ˵ͷĿ
лͷЩŻصʱĻңȴŷͷĿѾˡ
֪ǱˣҲˣʲôˡ
Ҳǣ˾ҪԲЩл˵Ļʹ
ԭ·صӱߣлȵǵĴ±Ȱױʿ쳺ϣ
ں棬֪ǹ⻹ɺϣȰ׾
ܴϲûˣΪʵСĺǼ
ܸܵϥǵĺ󱳣ûлͷ֪Ȱ׵һֱͣϣָо˵ֻǻвڡ
ڴ컮԰ʱ򣬴Ӻһֺֻ࣬ס֡
һĿɤӿڣıֱ
ḷ́߬ĺۣǺ޲ҪĹͷ
ֳͣߣһ½ȥлٴαʱˡ
ȰŭʢýĿѴﵽһ·ҪлŻأ˵ǼͷֲȽţԾ·ʵûҪ
һֱңۡ
ĺܣĩۣǵԣɷģĩЩʿǲ˵ġ
ϣǲЩ£ڱһʣʲô
л䲻֪ʲôԭɲԼ߻ȥȲΪƴˡ
ڵؽѿһ㣬û귴Ӧ˾Ѿˡ
ߵл첲ץסͷֵˣĿ棬Ϊ
Ȱɤ䣬⻰ѵ㣿㱧лαطҪˣĪǼٹ˽
лûôӣˣӪʵ·ֲ̣ɽߣùͽߣǿߣͣ
⻰ƣ֪Ȱ״ʱԼ·ѣǶȻܰȥġ
Ȼû뵽
ĿɿڴУȰӲǰӵԼ
ϣڣһԵס
ȵİлˣ˺Ӻлȥĵؽѿڣȥ˴ׯղҩˣڻԼٶ˻ȥ
ЩʶȰװѲҩȫˣû³
쳲֪ж֪࣬Ȱʱ¿ࡣ
˻ĪҪǿĺãùϼˣĪ˵㣬ҲӸϵʱºͻʺﶨǡ
Ҵ͵ôôҪ㷴հǰ˺ˣлıǣˤҲù˿ʧ۾һ·ƺˡ˵꣬Ȱ׻һϻ·
Լ񾯸档
лɫȻˣԼٸϣڻδȫʿ贬ؽӦüˣһξ롣
̧ۣ˻谵֡
һ·ϴҶܰ˴˶ûκεĽ̸
˼أҪʱԼڣȰױ¡
Ҫߣȴס
ôˣ
Ȱ׽ϵĴȡӸһԵлѵǰٴ㲻ˡ
Ҳû˵ʲôתߡ

Ľϵ֪󣬵һʱͬȥסӪʡ
ͷС鲽׷ϵĸţʼռһξ룬۵
ȵ˸ǰȴſڵ֪ܽȥ
ʲô÷ۣ̽ūžҽ֮⣿
ʵڲ²Ǳ·Ըģ˵ܵ˾ţ˴š
˶ţѯͨ˵ˣ𣿡
عĻ˵ã̫ҽѾˡ
ĥû۷վӪȺš
һһӵʱ䶼ûޱˣŷ𳾸ں棬ĽϵӰ
£ôˣ
˵ˡ
һʹ˴ˣЩðǧļһץûУ
һûץȫˡ
𰸣˿⣬ߣǰסĸ첲¿Ҫˣ
ȻأҲӪ˯ɡ
һ˯ûʱνģԴ˵˽źʾ֭ΰߡ
¸ųӰͷֲģ֪ΧţЩ¡
˵޲ץߵ¸Ůӣ˭
¸ҲվһŮѽҲ±Ϊ֮˸Ͻȥ
Цһ˭ﰡȱĸô
ǵͨ죬ŭ£˵檣檿Ҫˣ
סļ򣬰ο˵㣬ʮü˻ƢʮһգֻǸ㿪Цˡ
ת磬ŴУ£֪ʱ˵ʲô𣿡
޻׿һۣٺλԶ˼ߵľ롣
˵ʲôˣ

28

Ȼ, ˹, ͷ˵, Ӫʳ¡
һĬһš
, ͷȣůʡ
ڵİ⿪ë磬ڼϡ
ڿ˵ˡ
סͷЦ˵֮ǰȥűҪƽѲңҪľ̷£ȥһҪ檰߷˵ء
ⷬб, Ȼ׵ġΪΰ⻰˵Ҳ
ḧķ˿˵޵Ĳ𣿡
ӶԼСȭȭһĿ, Ʊ˵, ʲôÿ˵, 檱Ҳ಻
˵ϵ, Ҳȷõʲôǵǹ޵, ǽ˳ͻ£ʱŭޣԼȥ乬磿
, ԼҲףҪΪ˶ԸĽϣȰѻʺϳԼǸλãʱ᲻תͷԸԼǸעѺԼȫ
£
Цߣÿ춼ڱߣֻн
쿪ֱۣʱˣ޿°ɡ
ϲЦտȡ¡
ʱị̃Ľ۾ӪʳڵǰɤɳƵʣ£
ū֪һȥˡ㵽Ϊֹɣƫƫּһ䣬ź˯ˡ
Ľɫ޲䵭Ļص֪ˡ
뿴ܶܡ
ūŸˡ
˸תˡ
ֹվδĽϳСȥһͬϡ
סΪûǰһƬ䳱ʪ
Ѹٵȥ֮̿ˮԹĽϴ

ߵĽϻع񣬡ţ
ʲôأֱΪűߵӸղڿʼĲɵġ
Ľϳ£룬Ҫôܻסҵһ˫Ů£Ҳ뿴ˡ
ֽװˮӷĴβ
Ǳµģ֧£Ҫʤ̫ˡұ߷һ֮±²ô꣬ŤתǬū澿ϼѡңĽѲǰĽˣҲûĵȨ֧̫ӵĹԱ̸ףڶ˫۾ڶţʲôѱ̽䡣
Ľϵ۾˸Ứ˵ⶼңҵĴô̫ˣΪĴҺͺǵġӦǾϻҡȻ֪ѣôĿҵĺûҲܡ
ôĴֻ˵Ǳ̫Ū٣˿˿ۼ˵ûֶߣū澺Ҳ˿ûп쳣Ҫǣһʮÿ춼ǰ㡣˭Ǽٵģֲ̧˲۽ǣΪ˴Ľң伫
ĽĺѣǶౡˣز֣ȥֽ
ⶼҹˣﲻա
ҸǱдš
ְСǰīֽһһϡ
Ľִдĺܿ죬д࿴ˣŵʵ⡣
⽭ǱµسĽܰץūʵĽ˼֪֮¡
ᡣĽƶҶн迪ڡ
ֲ֪Ҫʲô˵飬ʧٶȻκˣҪ˼
ʱ䣬޵ļɳǼ죬Χ˲롣㰴ҵָʾȥǣұˣ
ǣū澶˾͵Ľ
Ϩ˺һĽ⡣
һһεѹĵĿֻţԼܼʵأڲƣ·ߡ
Ľϱۣһ̣ôصǰôʶޡ
飬ĸ۰СŮ簮ãǵĳ
ûнۼ޸˭޹ȥǣأ
ķһ֮ͬ룬ⲻǶ
ԼӼĸ˵Ѿһɼˡ
дƽգ̧ҵҲܷǱأֱӶžܶ·ͼıĸƫƫͷûһ
׵ϣں޲þ̱·̣û֪ôôͦڵġ
ˣĽֻԸгһΪޣͬĹ
*
ˡϣؽһаȰ׵Ҫȫ˵ԭһͦĽʺһ㶼ˣȻЩаĶƱ£̫ˡ
ʲôںǸŮˡ
ô˵ϣȴΪȻĶء
УԼˡ
Ȱ׼ǵûĸµʱŪһŷ£ֺûκεĽͻֱ׳˵ôΪ֮ĸ飬̵ĸò˶೤ʱ벻ˣֻ
֮Աǣŷ·£˵Ĺϵ˿ûκεĽչ
ԺҲͶҽЩͷˡ
ôܣĶˣ
ҲԡĶʲô£ΪĹߡϣǴ˵һĻʲ죬磬㡭ǲϲƽ
̫ˣûȥˡ
ûֱӷϾǱĳϡ
ϣӵתһȦսΪ¶˿ɶˣø֪ٲһټҷź򡣶ң¾ҪȢΪˣû㣬µĺǱ¸㡣
Ȱɫ΢٣˵ϲˣ
Ҳû˵㲻ϲ
ԺлĻ棬ҳһţ͵üϲôϲ
ϣôܣϲ㱧ôԶ
ֻǸлˡ
ϣ˵٣ֻԼǶˡ
Ҳǣĸҹӻô벻ϲһξ䵽Լͷϣǰ;˲˵ԼͼܻȨۣȫҵûˡ
ϣοһ̬ȣȰڸ鷽ȥĿ죬ʶãƶûż棬˽ˣǻûӴĶࡣ
ʲô뱧ŲʲôѽϻزĳˣȻ˻飬˽»ùϲԺҲûлᡣл뵱ͳȫ£Ժ᲻ڡ
쳣
л󲻺֪ү϶ڡ
ĹôˣҪٲϢôоأذɣ
ɰɣ磬ˡ
Ȱ׾˯ˣ̫ˣ۾ձϾ˯ˡ
ϣһӪʾͼȰײڴϣֻ˰ӣ԰׵͸ƣ롣
ǰѱΪǺãҪΪȰ׸һ㱻ӣֻüСһ乫
һΪֻ˵һ߽˭֪Ϊ𾪵¶ˡ


29

ֻȰ׵Ӳֹ, 𽥼Ӵһһĺ, ֱʧʹޣ, Ҳ׼ߣûУٿһ, һۣһһж㣬Щ鲻꣬Ұ㣬İ㡭
ѾɵˣҵļӣС͸ȰߡӡУȰ׵ĹͷرӲ, СʱƤïĹźһᣬʧصټ
쳺Ȱôô׾Ͱ, ³Ӧǵĺ, ˡ
үź˺ü, ż۾
Ȱǰ, ɫȻ
˵ʣүجΣ
جΡ
ϯԸĳǱξ, һĻһĻϵš
ȥүݱ
ˣҲһ, ȥЪϢɡ
쳰ѱӸǺã˵Ƴȥˡ
ϵȰ΢΢۾˼ȴǰйصС
ڹĶУ֪һ˲жôϲ
ǰȻͬĴʽȷͬԼһǵеһС
֪ٲǰǰԼˣɿҪ˷ˡ
йϵǰ㡣
ʲôϵֲ
Ȱ׺۾ʱ˿̣رܲŷֿһʱ
*
̫Ǹůࡣ
곿ʱһԴæ
ҹ̫ҽ˰˳˿ҩ˯µʱδѡ
вĵط
ҡҡͷͷϵЩʹ޲ʡ󣬹ͬ˵Щתū澣ūһһէģ֪ѰȫΪһ亹ĵĲС
˭֪ԮȺʱȥ취ԾȲųɡ
·ְһͷʹ΢΢һü
ǱùεģͷЩףްһЩ˱֣ûٸ¶
ͷɻۣ
Щ
ͷ֮ǰū澸ͿҩˮõĿһЩ
˿ϴ˰ʣȥĶˣ
һСء
£Լҩͷ´ķз˽ô²ĶУ㿴ЩҪ̫ˡ
һЦūһŮʲôɴôԼūˣ
Ͳãһ׮ʲô
ô˵ȥū澲⡣
ֹΪ͵ģܷʲô£ܴԡ
ǱãǸ˵׶ڣǱƾͷΪ˳ȥŲҪ
ͷĻ뿪˺٣ŮΪûȻҲ˵˵ָָ㣬Լ˵Ӿ͹ܵˡ
Ƚֵһᡣ
ǰһİ취ȥԻ翹ס
ڤҩҽһ˱ȫΧλȥǱȻᷢ£䱻ĥԼ˶ϣܸԼһϡ
ͷ󣬰ΪױҩָʱѿƵĺۼˡ
׼˺棬ŷ˾ˡ
㣬ûɣ׼˴㣬ⲻžˡۿ죬ΧӪʺúȥˡ
µģ´Ҷ֪ˣĻΪôˣҪǰǸԵ˾ţô߶
ȻҪȥǳеʱҪġ
ţ֪ģҪΧԣҪģ֮ǰһҪúüûʲô壬¡
˾Цŵͷġ
û˵仰˾Ҵˡ
ߺ󲻾ãҲ˳ǰˣפӪΧȻԶô˵סҪ߹Ҳӡ
Ľֻŵǲ÷
쵽ΧʱǰļӰĿƳһߡ
ƽʿȿһˣ˵һ䣬ƽں档
顢ϣȰԼһ
ȰıӰ۵ȻһƬ
ƲѣǾƽӪǰ丸ŮڵԼͬߵһˡ
һȰЭ£˵Ĺϵѩϼ˪
뵽ˣûĵһƽŮĺףܾǹ
һ·϶̫ҵ˻ģ˵ƽø䣬ۿ˵ġԹȻأء
ȻйνӴϣҲ͸˵ŰɣҹȻô˵˵ŰɣǾǼ£Ӵֲǰˡ
˭˵İ
˵˶ˣˡҲûˣ˵ҲһЩǵ˵ţ˵ƢǱꡣ
ꣿ
ϣҡͷᰡ˽¸ЩӴҲһ°ߵģδܱһ棬෴侲
ǳǳһЦߵǸ£˭ȻǲⷢƢġԼŮšģƢܺõĶȥ
˵Ƶģҵ͹ϵͦõģǸŮǱӡ治Ů˿ͲŮԵʱҪˣʱԮ˻ûǸŮǸһЩ
ΪĹﰡǲ˿ʵ
˵ʲôһϣ죬˿ʵ˵𣿻оҸҳȥ𣿻㣬ңǻģȻҲ˵Щˡ
ʿЦǺǴԲ˺ˣȻΧûˣҪע⣬˵ˡ
Ȱˮǧļҽ̿һ㣬ƽôҲǱµĵճŮ㹫Ȼ̸ʧҹķ緶
ôһ˵ʿҲˣǹ˵СŮƽʱֱʹˣͷҶú˵
ɫˢһ°ˣıָ״룬ʱ޲ҸȥҲô˼Цˡ
ȰûŲӿ࣬ԽǸŮ
ʿҼ״ʵ
ȰһԶߣ˵Ůûҽ̣ôҲǳͬô˵㵹мҽ̵ĺܡ
˵ֽѵŮö˶˵˵ƽʲôͲ˵ЩĻ⣿
ҲܺڣŮ֪ϲЩ
мϲЩƽʱΪʲô˵˾ģЩûõġ
Ů֪ˡ
˳ʿֲ̧ȥˣҲʲô£ױٸ޻ˡ
ף˵ǲŮˣ
ʿҰοô᣿һʱ֮죬ԺҶలǼĴʱ䳤˾ͻõġ
Χ󣬷ԶԶƼĽԵֻ꣬Ҳûʲô˲𣬲ǻͶ̥ˡ
ﲻ죬һ߹Լ죬һ߹ĿˣȻ˭˵
ǻʵ۵Ůƻôô
˵ͳΧ󳼵ָ£вμΧԵĻжҹٹ˵һΧȦȻСΧеڶΧȦ˷ƵûľĵطһƬȷżԣ֮Ǵһż
ộ糿һֱʱ
ЩΧ˵Ϣʱ䣬뿪ʱʱ
ϣס˽
ƽĹ°лŽ˵ڵؽŲǰ㺦¡ԸһֱûӴڴ˵ȺΪת
ʲôϣĸлţ޷дʰˡ
˵˵ˣӾԵúˡ
ֽӹĹˡ
ߣ쳺˼ֵ͹
һֱû򿪿ţֱɵϲó
ûȰдġ
뵽пܻдݣȴΨû뵽ôд

30

û뵽Ȼдš
Ķ, ֮֡
Ŀⶢֽϵ, ˵ʲôо
㡣
㡣
ĵס
ҵѪҺ
̶̵ľ仰, ûԼĲֶǺֱ׵Ļ, һ㺬ίûУҪ
Ϊһյţ˫ЩȣҲżӿһЩ
꽫ŵһ泯£ĬƬ̣ճһŶ̿衣
ֽȼճ˻ҽЩ֣ȴԺ˲, õ˵Щʲôӡ
סԼſԼԴֱ˯ȥ
*
ۿʱҪˣûҪߵļ, Ľϳ޵, ȻȥЪˡ
޷е, ˵޸ǰ̷, ʺ°ɡ
ǳ檸ˡ鲻Ըվһͷˡ
ĽΪ£ϴһϨȥ˴, ȥʱ򣬺Ȱһ£Ľſϡ
¡
, ȴֹ
޵ѹĺ󱳣̫ҽ˵·СС±ˣѾ˰¡
⻰͸ŵ˼ײĽܣ̷Ҫ塣
ûУմ˯ˡ
Ľǲܵ£޲ÿʱÿ̹ϣôմ˯ţ
ѻ˵Ը˰ɣ
ĽЦʲôҩ
ʵĺܣ̷ֲ¡
ģ£˯µġ

޴Եҩʲôģƽʱע
Ȼʮ꣬˿ȥʵҪСꡣ
ȻʱνС׼ףһʮΪ֪רʺÿ»ȥ͹ʮңƲסԼ̩ȥסҲô졣
ĸɲõ¶Ϊס˭Դӡ
ʱȴĽҪġ
ǻʵۣ϶ȥˡ
֪ʲôʱ˯ȥʱѾˡ
Ѿû޵Ӱ·˷Ӫʼ
ƽԤһ㣬͵͵ֱˡ
ҩȽžúһЩ
Ӳʣɾޣ£ó檺ú̷ɺãٲǰǰˣԲ˯ȥˡ
޽ܺã࣬ǰ㣬ͷ²׼̷ɺã
áĵٲˡ
У⡣
ϲڹһ¶ֵޣ¿ɵãֵΡ
Ȼ벻ǣһϰݡ
ʱ;񲻼ãԴġ
ЩվȵŴ¡
Ը¸Ǻñӣ¡ѽ
𣿡
û檲ѵĺܡ̧˫ְסԼۿ£ʹһ¾۾˲䱻ĺܴ
Ҫǰǰˣ޽ע޷õ̷ˡ
ܼƫƫĲУ쳼檺˯ţͦ˯ͺˡ
û˵ˣһٿϵѾ˯ˡ
ټСʣ¿ǲϲˣ
ʱϲ
ôϲ
ԭΪȶĺƽǱߴŹ֮ƣڱ߹£ôмͣһ֪裬ʤ
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û⣬ԭ㡣
һ޲ñ˾սǨŭа
ϵãǹܴܲλֵ͵Ӷ
ԣҲֻµ˵ڶ㡣
ݸѶʮ꣬˼ʱҲĥ͸ϾһֱϴţȥĦʵ飬м
ˡ
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޴𣿡
ٵͽСӴ˫ְŽޣ£˿ӱ޼ܼ
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£Ǻãضˡ
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˵ʲô޳˾֪޹Ȼѹ£ٹٰοޣʧȥģ
ٴӪصԼסŵСʣʦ˵»β𣿡
ô᣿ٽ𳾸ϣ£Ҳڱķжء
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ҲѰ찡ⲻΪѱ𣿡̾˿Ȼȥҿôɡ
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ԻǴĻ֪ģһʱȥޡ
ڣӶ档
ʣ游£δã
޲ʣǻʵۣôã

һʱȻϣܿˡԼ游һΣ˵ʵ޲ˡ
˵
֪Ŀ飬Ȼ˵ش𣺡飬Ƕ游ĸĸסڹǹٳ˴Ҫܳͷɮ濴棬һԴԺˣЧȡ
޴糬̱׼չʲôʾ޶𰸲⣬³Ϊĸ¶˵ʲôĶУӰѲáڳ£ӦñϴλءڿţǺ֪ĻʵǷṫãǸ֪Ļλǲ
⻰￩һ£ʶ¡˾𣿡
ͱˣҲܹܵġ
һƣøʲΪĸġ
ʲô
游թ
üȥһ̰ٻ𣿡
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޲˵ˣڵֱֱע
ԹǰҴͷ
˵ˣ˵˵ʽ¶˹˵ûи˵ö
֪Ҹӵǻʽһֲ߻ŰѰ¶һ˵ˣڱңֻһѵ
֮ӵ£һŮô֪Ŀģôǰ֪»Ԫڵģ˵һֱûýһѵ򣿡ȷĸҸӵ±ٷѲҪ˼ˡ
ǡ
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ʮ¶ʮǴƽһ죬ҪӪ̻ؾˡ
֮ǰÿΧһձ㻻һΧǰĵطפ֮ʮԶ
Ƚ֮ǰķʽ˸ı䣬ȡԣ˭࣬˭зĽ͡
Ҫǣڹ涨ʱڻС
һԼûвμӡ
ԿʼĿȺ뿪ķջأò
ڣָоһֱڡ
Իưոݡ
ԼԼĵܵܡ
ΪԤһ˾иһĲʷۣʷۻ˳·;¡
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ֻϣԼĵǶģȴδ뵽ʵ
йԱ½½۷ʱĻϾһֱȺѰ˾Ӱ
ԽԽ࣬ȴʼղ˾Ӱ
ȻŹ涨ʱûһˣʧǣʱҲûмˡ
أ˭ˣ
ϣȺоŵʱʶԭȰҲû
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Ӷеķ𳾣˸ϿɢȥԶ
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ϴҪȥ꣬
УžˣѾȥˣ˵·ˡ
·ˣĽĿΪʲôţǱģʱΧԣʲô˭ʵˣģ
ⰲ䶼ļסڱǱĽϵĴΪˣƳһޣֻɫһԲ
ĸ󡣡ߵ˼䣬Ľ꺬ͷУȻˣȻȥɡ
û£³뿪⣬ƺҲûõˡ
˳뿪
ʻһ·̺ͣϰĿɽ·ɽִлȥϷҪȫ
깲һƥš
˳Ųʷ۵·ʱܣڿϾûߡ
˾ǣʷ߶ϵĵطһ̲Ѫ
ѲǸƽʱɽѩδԿӡһյͰѩڻˣɹˡ
꼸ǣóĸߵʱһĶ䡣
㡭
ϲݸȳ·ұ߲ԶǳӶȥ
ܣ
ϸŵ·ʱˣ˳Ȱ׽촩ۡ


31

ֻ˵Ȳ, ȥ, Ϊ˾, ˣǸȥˡ˾΢΢̧, ָ򶫱ߵķ
һӦȰײ£ľ֣ɣ
ĸȥˣ˺ӰѸǵ·ƿֻ˾˵ˡ
Яҩó򵥰˵ز˾, ȴȥ
·ûԮ飬֪һʱҲˣҲǸɵȡ
Ͱ˾, 
ûҵô
عĻ, Ǳ߲Զߺ˵ʬ, ֻҵ, ȫȻټ
Ȱ׵ƵӹֻѪѾɿ, ¶ȣָĵطȴ˻Ƶ֡
һ𣬾òԾ, Լ㻤̫ӻȥ·ûԮӣͬҸ˵ڻӪص·̫ӡˣ˵ҲҿڲҪ䡣

˾֪ôŶȰ׶á
ϾгðӪڶԷԲʲô£ֻΪ˵ж
Ժ˭Ӫ
㣬ȥ䣬ͬһذɡ
ĵҲأֻһ㲻ͬ·˸ɲ뿪ԳģΪѾӪˣǼңⲻ۾𣿡
á
ʹ˷ֿԼס߱ܶȥ
ܿ㵽˵ʬ崦ϸ۲һʬΧнѪҲвĺۼҪǣ鿴ǵʱһ˵ĲȰ׵Ķ̵
ģôߣ
ĲԾսסʬϰεܿȥ
شֻ·мĿҶһϺۣҶвѪ
ۼǰ졣
˩ϣ˳Сܶȥ
Ƭľڶ࣬еļڣţС·ߡ
δܶԶۼڶϷλ÷ӰС˵Ƕ
ʾͣ£нӹЯĹĿƶſ
Ӳ
һˣû棬ԾҩֹѪ
ȰȫȻӰ
ȻһŹ΢΢ڷ۾ŲԶͷ׼Ǳ˵֮һ
һѸٵĲϼٴ
ȫУȻλͷо綾ɡ
ûκ⣬ͻȻϮ˶˸ҪߣȫڵûϢ
˵ȴۿ꼸ԽԽһĨ˲ӡ
ʳȰ׵䣬ϻûǰ˾ˡ
ҪˣǵøϽҵ˲С
ߡ
ͣЪһص·̲ŷȰ׵Ӱ
һǰͷɢţϽѪ˫۽ţ֪ǻ
ע⵽·лһ١
ϺϾûС
֪ΪΣһĻ©һģ·һֻεĴֽ߬ס
Ѿֲ壬ֲʲôʲôģ
棬ʮԺʲô
ǱĻϲʱš
ȥϥصһʱȥ̽ıϢ
͵ץסһ˲Ȱ׵۾ˡ
ȰϵľһӾûˣɿ֡
ôˣ
̫ӵģ˳㡣
õ˳֣Ȱɺܸˣ΢ л
򵥸ҩʣ˿ɻܶ
пɡ
ƥϣȥ
ͬлȥҪ鷳Ȱ׵빫ȥæ֪ͨһ³ߵӾͿɡ
Щ϶˯ãûԼȻء
°һȻأֻ֮ܰϢĴ쳾Ϳɣ׼ҩ·
Ͽɴˣ
ˡȰ״ͳ
ȥЩɲˡ
߿͵׼ȷ˵ȥġ
Ȱףʲôӱĸ첲Ȧסġ
û̧ͷȥڲԾһ˲䡣
Ѹٵʼδ
һգἫˡ
ɫ糺ţһƬհס
Ȱ׺ķӦܿɿ֡
Զϥϣһ䣬쵰
ͷһΣȰ׾û쵰ʺܶ
ġ쵰
̧ͷһۣʲôǰ㣿ĲԺǲǣ
˭˵ģԺúüˣֻҪҾͺá
һȭǲЩΪá
ҺܸлðӪ̫ӡҲĸ֮Իҵ۾ҿʵ
һҪԻҾȫûбҪϾһûˡ
ʮȥԵĶԻ㻹ʲô˵
Ȱϸϵ̸ԼǰҪ䵭ԭ
˵Ļһһһ顣
ڶʵ뷨
·ݵĽƾͼƷųߵʵԭ
˵֪
֪㲻ҵĻŲţұʵ㡣ңԺӻдѵʱ֤ҵĺͳ⡣
ҲǰôòģⱲӶ˵ϲԼɡ
һúÿŵġ
ǰոдſ𣿡
ˣĶȡľ治硣
̣ôҲøдһЩĵ־䣬Ͳˡľ仰һʱ֮С㱥ʫʲôôʺþûαǰŪһЩʵĻ
겻ȥӪ̫֮²֪̫Ӷá
ȻҲŲһͬȥ
νͣ
˵һɶɣ͵Ұޡ
ҲáƺͶ̵ںҵġ
ӹѵҺܾˣҶû
ʱһɲ񣬶ץֻѾ׺ϴҰ
⼦ץģǱиӣūõɾˡ
˻𣬼ϱߣºȥĶ
һٸ
Уȥɡ
˻밢һù⡣
ȿĸ˷˳ԡ
קһȸȰףûӣࡣ
ʲôʱ˻Щ
ô˵ţǽȵݵߣȰ׳⼦ζȻ̫ãȴԵĽζ
˵ĺãʲôҲ˵ҲõȴʱѰ
꼦⣬˲죬ҪȴȰ˵Ҳɺã
Լ˲ŸҪҵ𣿡
Ϊ˭ܵˣ
úúãǹˡ
һ߸졣
쳸ʱյĲˡ
һλ֪Ȱˣ˼ݵ
ϣȰӳ䣬֦Ҷ볼һһ·̣ʱٷֿ
ˣǸ߸İɡܾȰûĵĻռˡ
ȰʵһмҪ³˸˵Ըᣬһ
Уޱȡ
꽫Žɵڹ¡˵ģСĵ£ʣʲôҪ£
£
꾯ĸȰףҪˣңԲ˶ߡ
ᡣ
һء
ɽ·᫲ƽȰһƥ쳸ϳٶȲ죬Աߣ˽̸ĶԻǶõ˴ʶһЦ
˵Ǿ仰󣬾û죬İ
һ·û˵һ仰
ֱͣ£һƭӡ
*
֪ѾȫĽϵĲų׷¡
ѾֵܹˣҲһһľ
ܹ⣬˵ȥ
ĽѾжױɢ˷˵Ѿ˯ˡ
ִ𣺡ūô˵ģܹܽζùȥ
Ҳǣŭ𲻷йô˯ţȻûԼҲڡ
Ľƿ´£϶ǰʡ
ֻһˣڷǰȻš
ʺԷ𣿡
ùˡ
ٳЩ
Ľ׼ӭķȻȥ򶨡
λã䵭檲
޺
Ļֵ̌һһٵٺȡ
±ӣޱʣ»Ҫ檺ȼ
΢ڲ޻ûˣ㵹ˡ
ǿڲԻʵʵ˵˭Ľϱɬ˵˵ȥǳãλ͵ɶ硣ΪʺкãԼĺӶסΪĸ
ƺָԼһǰʳ檻ԸԸ⵱Ըʮٲ
еĿžϣһ㺮˪˵һ顣
ĽϿ϶˵ˣӲʤƣһ
ʮˣ檻ǵô˵ÿһ仰˵ⱲӶԳ檺õģԭµĺģǻҪġ
˵ȴٶЦݽ£˭ˡ


32

Ľ뿴ſ, ֻһŮӲ̬ӯ, ñ, ˶ܴϳ˭

ǳ檡ְñժ˸񣬡ʥ, ʺ򸣽𰲡
ͷ΢ңһƬ࣬毺õż㲣ʮ
Ľֽ۽ǵĨȥЦʣڹнû͵ҳȻǵʥĵӣǲһǱɣĸأܳ˹ţ
ûشĻ, ۾˵֪óʵм, ǰ, 
, ֪ΪǺ, Ǽ⣬ͱˡ
ô˵ֹס³, ѹǿջЦĽ˵ɷһ, лҪ˵
ǾͲˣҹż˵ʱء
ĽϳʣĿϣǱµһùĵĹǲˣúþңԺйͷɳԡ
ˡٿ֣ϸɤߴţȥЪϢ
һЩûʶĽǳһỊֻ̃ʵȰҪԼ·һļһ֪϶ۣʱʱ̶̿ζźá
ĿӰԶüŭĿһ˼¡
ʱڣ޵ϣĲϿ޵檴δʲôֻ취ȾȼҸ
֪޶̰ĳͷأʷⲻڸ޽аʲôǾþ㱻ץҲֻ۱ֻۣر̲ץȷ֤ݣֻ˵ȡܡ
ֱӣ滨֪һʱͿ˴ô˵ǳ檵ĸѽµԺ󿴳ϴԸ׳Ժ󣬳ǳҲԲã˯Ҳ˯ãѹĿҪˡ
̾˿ְֻ֪㸸ף֪жѣ
жమ֪ģôΪ㡣ֻҪһɱ´á
޻ûиһ׼´޻ȥ˵
ʧû¶˵ɫű¶úÿǵġ
˵½ǰŦۣ²ڹг檺˼룬ÿʱÿ̶룬˼ˡ
ĽСĹֱõܻ޵Ļġ
Ȼڻûʺ֮λҲûΪ̫ӣҲ֪ԼѾӵ˺ֻܶ࣬Ҫ˩ס޵ģһе鶼׺ܶ࣬ЩʱûõģԺ󶼻õ
ʵĵƻþòϨĽԻȥ˯ˣ˯ĲãһΡ
Χ֮УجΡ
Ľ£ֻҪһ;ú£ѣʵڳԲ£Ӧھ˳¡
ôޣȥҪͬһdc
δĸ׵棬صǣʳ檹ĸһա
޶һؾ⴩ģʩ죬δúô¡
׼ˡ
л¡
ڵȥ֮ǰҪúװ磬ýĸΪ¿˽㣬ȥǲã
ĽĿͷҲδ̧Ȼġ
ɫ̫ã۾ҲЩףû˯õԵʣ
˼Ľ֪ЦΪͻȻߡ
ôأ
һҲ˭
ĶŮȻȻ᱾顣
ڴţĽһ죬ΪϿЪЪ˭֪ʼնû
뵽ԼһĴЦ춼ϲ£ˣȥ䣬Ľߣ˵֪˻Ϊӣǻʺء
ֺαô˵ôֻڣһûзϺ󣬱վޣȲ檣ĽѹֵгһձΪ乬ͣҲǵʺˣй𣿡
ϵЦЩάֲסץ乬ͣǸ
Ľϴյߵڱϳ֮ǰòҪһٶƣô͸߹ԼڱеĵλеɣҲ
һ飬ҲЦ
ӣͣˡ
ʲôҲ˵ˡ
Ľϰͷڳϣ۾˯
ܿ˯ˣȴ˿û⡣
޳ʱ﷢˫
ôˣ
ع񣬡»δЪϢ𣿡
š䣬ʺǺޱˡ
õġ
һһ·̣֮ǰ˾ǡ
Ϊȥģ˼֪ˣ֪Ҳڡ
Ϊ˱֪ȥƽ첻ȥdcϣ³ʱ򲻵ò¡
۲۵Ľϻص͹ˮ衣
ĽϢ˵Ը¶Ѿס
̫ˡĽϵЩתã֣ú׼Ҫ·
ǣūּ
*
ҡ
ϹѯСŮ˵Һ㸸Ǻȥƽͳ˴¡
ϣĸ׵ĸ첲£þԮȥļʱ
ƽǸɨǣҲ
ĸĪҪô˵ϣҲܺߣǵؽлӦԣŮӿѾưˡ
ϸ˵ڵؽе£ȻȴΪ⣬ΪԼ
ŮҲ˲Ұ
û˵㵹Ǹ˵ûʲô𣿱ûأ
û˵ûֻǾ¡ϣЩί
߷ߵ޲óѪӦķأ
ɩС㣬Ҫ˵ˡ
ֲͷʲô˵žֿҲ֪లôˣ϶˺ܶ࣬ƽ
ˡϰοţ㸸ײ취ô
һҪలô죿
Ҳûף㸸״ӹ
һȾʱïҹˡ
Ƕû˯ѹñժ˳¡
ү𣿡
˻ġïƣ飬׸㽻ףҪûǲܵˣ¶ûʲôתˡ
׵˼లҹˣ
ïҡͷΪҲ֪´δǡ
లûŮͶĺôſϺޡ
ĵӣïﲻζǴģԷƽûҵø껹û޾ˡ
֤һûҵɲֻܵ޷䣿
үһ취û𣿡ϺǲģְҲ˵ˣþס
͸óˣȱ´ðɡ
ȥң׷˹ȥʣүβæأô˵లڹҲΪ˲¡
Ĺ⵵£ǻ̲ء
ûʽˣʲôߣ
ïԭȲ˼ȥûˡ
أ
޵ļɳ˵ȥֽһûҡ
̫ûˣôûˡ 
˸˭֪˭ïķңల£Ϳ¸һˡ
һϣ˻˶շתࡣ
ʮʮ磬޴ҸӣԴʮӣλˣǣڿȱĹְҲ̵õ油ε̫ҽԺԺʹǽĳӽܡ
õ˿˴ȥӵˡ
ԭֻžͺãԸ־½̫࣬Ժ󶼲׼ˣలǳƽˣ
ϵƽƽɣ˲ǻ𣿺Ӳǻи˵һҽ֣ҽҲܺá
Ǳ˽ˣºؽҡ
֮ףܲ𣿡
ŮͲɻ顣˵Ҫɻͺˡ
һˣʱȥ㲻ͦԸģ˵ʲô
ǿܵˣˡϣһ䡣
飬ۿɲ밡޹ȥʱలݶԵס㣬ڱλˣҲΪ³ɲΪżû¡
ĸ˵ģֻ˵˵ˡվһˡ
ذɣϣȥ㣬Ȼȥɻһˡ
ϣվ˵ҽ˵Ҫȥתȥ뾲
Сûĵġ˵ȥҷȥɡ
ϣŬŬ죬ҪȥԸȥҿǲȥ
ϵɻŵʱ򣬷ַſڣŮС
ĸ
Ҳ̽Ȱ׵ģ
΢΢ͷǵġ
챻򿪣¶쳵ˡ
Ȱ׵ôˣ
쳴𣺡úܶˣʱǰ˯ˣӻûѡ
ȥȰ׵ҳһۣȻˣԷ˵˯ء
ûˣЩʧ䣬һЩģ˳
ͷѷһƬˡֽӹ
£˵Ȼ˯ҾͲˣȻȥˡ
õġ
쳰͵ſڣȥң̧һȰ׵ĸ첲װˣˡ
ϵȰۣޱץΣĸ׺
ԺҪһһأʲô
鲻ãˡ
ҲǣҶ˵ˡ˵Ŀⶨϣôˣôָӡ


33

Ȱ治ɫ, ĸ׿ۻ, ʲôָӡ, ˵ʱˤϱ֦ѵӡӡ
һΪ˭к˶⡣
Ȱת˻⣬˵סһ, ųˡ
ǰԺ󶼲ˣЩʹ졣ܹǻŵģְû˾ûˣҪεˣǼҾͿలء
һȰ˵, Ҳһпõ˲š
ǼǼܷǽ
˵Ԫӻظô
ϲãһʲôΪ
Ĳǿϣαֽظأҵмˢ, ֮, Ժưɡ
񲻼, ̵, úҪĸ׾Ͳˡ
ĸߡ
쳼, Ľңü˵ǲǱ˸Ƴˣ
ˡ
һĶ¸ˡүΪʲô
ô棿ֻ֪
Цҡͷ, ûУ²ҡǳˣ᲻᲻ˣ
ᣬԶŵˡ
ӣӦһвɿ¼
ү¸׼ĶѾ׼ãҪҪĿ
ţùơ
ǡ
*
ҹī˿ࡣ
Ľͷ˰һɫͬɫë񣬽ƽЬӣļɡŵƴĽܵ߳
δһˣһδͣĳǽŻɽķȥ
ĽΪСĽߵʱͷ鿴֪˸档
ɽɽ·ߣʱΧʲôҲ
һ˻ߵС·治ʯͷ̳ɣЩ򻬡
ĽСĵţһδͣȥֱŲͣڼľǰ
ûκεĵƹ⣬ΪصڰʱǰѾˣֻס˴档
Ľϰɡ£óԿףŴˡ
ŵƽȥָ˳ֹϡ
ڻ谵Ĺ£ĽϵĿڲԶϡ
ûյɣʵԵЩǱ˫˫űϡ
ĽϴŶñ˰һʱûϳ˭
ǰѱŪĻʹ
ĽϽƷϣûشĻţֵȼ˲䷿˺ܶࡣ
㾿кĿģ
û˵ůĸӣĴƿµȥ
ˮµģεһ£Ȼ󵽽ǰֿס򢣬ѲˮǿиȥǺýԲֹ
ˣĽϲŰѿůϣñӳժ£Ҳȡ
𾪲ѣʺ
ˣ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
֪
һ֪Ľ߽ЦЩ˶ټĽ̫ӵλ£Լѵ
ΪǷ֮¡Ľɽ̫ӵµλòҲҪˣＴ˿̰ѳɱˣҲܸıʵ
Ľ˸ô֪ܸܲı䣿һôľô˵ϣ
ŲɱءĽЦָסɱ㻹µ飬ڱʲô洦أ
תһߣء
ΪʲôҪأΪŮôôһ޶檣ǸʲôŮ˶ҪʼΪôȻһЦƾʲô
ʲô
˲Ѿ³ô
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̫ӵº͹֪ôֻθأ
Ľϴ𣺡ǵĸжٺжŮôֲֻ᣿ô֣һٸŮ˶Ů˳˷֮оҪڳϡˣ̫ӹгһ֪ô룬ڽ֮١
費֪ڲз˶ٵֻѾ챻ûȻҪƲסԼ
ϵ⿪һѱĽϷŵϣů뱻ɨϣһء
ĽϴСܵĽ̵ڼҴӸ޴ӷ򣬷ӡ
ڽ֮ǰһֱôģұӣҪȰԼһҪȣԴףխСѹȴҲŲ޿
Ϊܳɣʱ˴ٽеҩΪǰʳá
Ľϸ룬Ϊʲô˾ûٻУֲǼ¶ʮ꣬Ҳ޲ԵʲŻˣѲӣҲܶ
ϴӦе⻳УϾҲһ˿Ҳû
ֻҪϰ̫ӣûôˣϾץסƣ̫ҽԺ˵ǳҪ
Ľ϶ԣлʲôӵĸ˵Ҫ

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ճͱ§סһ¡
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ԣĽЦˣڹܰȫ
˵ȫǿ϶ȫģ˿ɡ
޼Լ˵޻㹬ޡ
Ҫ檹ˣôϷҲúúЪЪˡ
ʺ󡣡ɫһݣ۾Ҫð޿һֱţҪ֪ôû˵
һֱţ
ĶͰ
ôĸɼʵڲ̿ΪԼ͹곡Ϸˣ²Ҫ⳼檵˼
һۣʲôû˵ˡ
ĿӰţĽ˿֣׼ˮҪԡ
ǡ
Ľϴӻµ·ͳһա
ӡһģһĽҵġ
Ļɷһ˫ͽ⣬Ⱥϵ˫ͽ⣬ϵֻҪԼƼ֮˵ӡǩֻԼӵӡûӡ˿ָӡ棬ԲҪȥٸǼǡ
ĻɷǹƽҲףŮʼƣϵŮܾĥټ޳ȥ
˵Ůӵϵӷǳټȡֳ¶ˡ
ʼҪ붼ΪʩѹԳɹ˵Ϊûлʵ۵Ů˵ˣĲ⣬Ҳ᰾ȥ
Ǻ뻹ǽҲָȨҼͨǲ
ҺãޣҲҺĸĸֳ֧ľ翪ʼ޾Ͳķһ㣬ȥ򲻵ѣǲóġ
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ѯʣЦԺ֮һֱŮסĸңɩӺܿߣųټޣĸҲż볼˵ѡ̫С
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ĸΪӲ㣬˵˼Ц
ôأ
ڲˣټ޸Ӹǰˣֻһ˴Ӻú
Ǿ׵ĸ㸸ĸ˵ҪȥԼסȵģĵ뷨
ͬ˵˼˶ãʵΪ˲͡
סƹһʱΣٳס𴦣ʱ㸸ĸ˵ʲôԲǵΪɾܾ
ܳʹãʸסƹ
ŮʸҵʦôûʸٹĴʦҲСסûµġ߷࣬һסʵڲʲôͬ˵Ҫȫӽʱѧϰס߷ָȻסҲû취ֻͬ⣬Ҳýȼü֮
ЩжǣŮ
ȻҪһˣԺհߣôСĺӣ϶뿪ĸס
һϲ񣬵¹򣬡л䡣
ȥʰʰϰͿɣͷʰһ䷿㡣
Ӧ£õġ
ֿصƹ̷ԸŮȥʰӡ
ԡʱ򣬰СүϢ˵úٹ¼޽ԺʹѾˣҲúܺã¶ۡ
̫ҽԺԺʹǿ⣬⽭ܸΣ̲סҪˡ
ū澿һǺܶ࣬ұ͸һư
һƹһƣĻǸʡƬ̣⽭鶨ȻʲôֻҪͬ⣬Żûˡ
ٹϲ᲻취ӿŻ£
˼ƻһûһ
ΪԼܶ¶Ѿڲ֪бˡ
ܹҪĻʲôƻĺܣҲûʲôʵ԰ѱһʱҲ벻õİ취£赲סȹ뽭ҵĹϵڱˡ
ľͰϸϸʪȲɲȥޡ
ѵһ죬ܿ˯ˣ˯߻һ
뵽ҪȰףЩ֪ô
ʮǰһ⣬ͺˡ
ΪԼΪ˵õɹʲô£ΪǰԼ
ٹ֣ûжһָͷŲŲʲǶѡ
ôԼҪ
κһ˶ô򣬵ǲӦûһֽѵַ
Ҳӵһļ䣬
ýֺͷҲ֪ܣֲôܸһ
ʱ룬ʱⲻǵ粢дڣֻ
ǲǸԼӣ
ǲǸ˹ͬĺӣ
ǲǻΪࣿ
ǵģû˾
ڹһûʲô𣬵ȵϣ׼ɻʱƿӣĿסˣʲô

34

꽫ϵĳκɫõ, һ, ۾һ
һ֧ΪƯĽҡ, ǶŲ飬Ʊ, ׶ҲСءҪǣȻ֣ǷţȴǾĴģһ޶
ûģһӾϲ֧ҡױ̨ѾвٵΡ
е׷һųֽó, ֻдԭ¾
дġ
괽ߵǰѲҡŽ˿, ͦÿ
ժڴ¡
Цн, ū澸߹һϢ, ²ʲô
ϢȤ, ҪɻĶˣ
΢죬ŤУĪҪȡЦū澡
ʲôϢ
˵Ѻٹ¼޸Ժʹ𣿸үϢ, ˵ûɣԭǽԺʹδޡ
δ𣿡ɻ󣬡û˵
˵Ժʹδ޸׾ȹ, ССҵŮӣЩͶˣûڻ顣
üչδҵû뵽Ҫˡ
۾˸ϲɫʲô¶óǻˣ
Ȼû̶Ĺϵ໹ǻܹǺһЩ
ûôι̾ʹŴݻٵʱһЩ˵𣿡
꺬Цͷš

Ȱ·ЩԲ˵͵Ĳҡӻ
ϲǣ겻ûǰ΢Цˡ
Ȱ׵һӾůˡ
ôˣ
Ķ۵ĺܡ
ǳһ£ֲԼԭ
뵽Ϊ˾ܵˣ̬ȸһЩ׼õҩݹȥȬĿЩ
ȰװסĵĿϲʲô쳵ҩͻأȻҡ
̾˿ˡ
ǣү
Ȱ׼ˣɿһǸҡ
˵ԭ¾ˡ˶ֵҲˣʵӦǰ㡣
ȰĿ⳯ȥģ̫ˡ
⼸ڼ֪ǵİӽչˣ
˵̲ߵˣڹŮӲøҲûϸʡ
ȻڼңҲйע̲߾ҲѶ˽ǣٳûоҲûеݽ¸ˡӦǱ¸ӣȻҲǳˡ
򴽣Ҿ֪ʲӲܵģʹҲûٹٰսͿô½ˡ
¶Ա¶Ӧ൱֣зڵɻɣûзڵҲϸġȰСԵԷͽμпʤ
˵ˣתƻ⣬˵ñȥ㹬סˣ
ţҿһ˴źҲͦ׵ġ
ͦ׵ģǰӸ״ڷӺѹΪ˰Ѻߣ˺ܳʱн
̸ӦǿӲһЩֱӸзһ
ǿ㱻Ŀû̸ĸǲͬģôͬ
ֻ˵̷ĸûô㣬ŮҪ룬ҵķôңĸҪٰܾ
Ľж۰Ȱ᲻֪
ǰ蹫ļױֱǿǰʮױᲢۣʱ˺䶯Ůۡ
Ȱ촽΢㲻һģҲԼŮˡ
һ㶣ץ˹ȥ˭Ůˣ
ЦŽӹĪŭĪŭҽͣǰ˵ĸ˸Ҷִأ㲻һ졣䴿Կ䣬ǰûʲôϵ
ȰףҵС𣿡
СһԸأ㵽ǣҶˡ

ʲôʱ
Īʲôʱʲô
ûʲô֪
ʮ
¶ʮ
û㡣
ûң֪
̫֪ˡ
ǰף֡
ԼģȰЦݿ䣬رҪһɰû˸塣
װ˼˵Ǹ¶ֻҪ˵ȱɰڶԻյһѡ
ɰٶ඼Ҫһ
Ӵߣ겢δ㿴ңҿ㣬˴˶û
*
ƹ
һԵķҲǻ֪뽭
һƻһԵģߵŮ˵ȥü
˽СҲʮһ꣬ٻһ̥Ļ
ͻҲҪڽˣһ̥ǻʺ󱣵ģٻ˭ܱʺԸס㸸ˡһû˷ǸҲԼᣬ㸸벻ʱ֪ܻζˡ
ŴӦ̫ˣǵ˵ĺӳɹŪӹƲҲɵˣ乬ĺȥ
ƶѡ
Ĳɣҹ޻᲻
һûбסһղðġ
ʧǣȵĸ죬Ҳûȵ
֪һ⣬Ҳͷۣ˵ᰮһһ׵ס̸һһİ
뵽ԼЩڹӣͺᡣ
Ϊ˲˵Ļɣ䵭տʼļ꣬ʱ򼸸¶һ档
һʱ͹ܵʱ򣬵ʺ罺ʱ򣬵˾Ϊ̫ӵʱﰵģһʺλûģ̫ӵλûӵģװ
Ϊһ죬Ѿȴ̫̫á
̣žͿҪʵˡ
ܻš
ϵıƿȻ´վڴڴ紵óԸ緢˸ȡ
ҩȥ֪٣ܿѶޱˡ
ɫܲͷһձߵͷȥͬ˵˶ٴΣҹһҪǺñǲֵűˣ
һϵΣμ˳ʶµʱһжôãصʱûʲôա
޸˲ᣬӶôˣôǰʱˣ
ס˵֪ΪʲôԽԽˣʮǰսʱ򣬾ղ£Ҳ̵סڲ֪ǲˣÿ춼㡣
ǧԺ֣Щ꣬ίˡ
ҡͷֻҪܸ³أ檱㲻ί
ޱ̽һ̩ӣϱסȡ
㻹ء
檺ҩġ
סЪӸû£ڣ̫෽סˡ
·ʱͷչѾˣǵðʱҩ
һҲûǰԼĸף»ʲôʱ
޳һЦⲻǲô
ʲô֪ˣѵҪάֱ𣿡
ڻʱϳ
׷һ䣬¿ɷ͸ףʲôʱµļƻŻ
תͷĿת𼱣аš
檲Ǽǵҹζࡣ
̫ˣ̫߾ôˣʲôãֻĶȴ˿ˣڵʲô
ǳ̫ˡ
ļ򣬡˼룬޻̩ˡ
̤ƹĴۼ£˼һ㡣
еϣ̧һ֣ȥ͹
˵طûͨҲûټ棬ȺţԼԽȥˡ
˲ּҪͱʾ죬ӹг֮ɶ밲һ£ġ
޵ſڣĽ˵Ƿѣ޷ú̷£Ƕ辡ľ̷¡
˻һ֮ʲôǷѣʲô޷ú̷ǽڡ
زô
ǡ
ֵӣϸ޺úõš


35

ּһŭɫ, 㷲Ĵǡ
ɢ, ޵ĻתĽϡ
, ôǺã
ĽֹˮΪҲٶ˳ˡҪ, ⱱ£Ī˵ǹǹ⣬Ҫȥ˭ס
⵹ǡ
ôãҳȥ߰ɡ
ū
⹬һп̫̫飬ûʲôʸУǰÿȴм尾
ʱƴҴҶ, ôУץץס
ĽŲʳеˮˮһ, ųġ
˺Զ, ˵ֻһʱ, ̫ӵµǻ, ľͲˡ
֪ûǸʱ򡣡
᳤ġ
ꣿ
ĽЦһ£ĸʮʮҲ˵
ֻ˵ĲԼǽ衣
˵ᱻ
˵˻᳤ꡣ
ǰð̫, Żôף
ҪޣҲҪ
ֻҪĺ, ѡ
ܳ˴ٽеҩĽҲûаһܻϡ
ЩССĲԼûϣˮһգ
뵽ˣĽϵͷһԼĶӣһҪ
ƿ£Сʣǵûɣ
ţûǰ׷˼ˣĽ˵ſǵעһĶ򡣡
˼롭
лĻȻҪЩϣûˡ
ֵͷū֪ˡ
ùźĽϾʹֿеõϢ˵ޱ³ȥ˽ɫԼ
˵Ϊûٽ˽ǰ
ȥ󳼼ֲˣһزнⲻҪԷΪײߣ⻹ôڸ߽˴ǰѵݶǾϣֱԣҪǡסˡҲǣһİŮ˵ĸףһǳ͢ɷȫ
˵˻ô
ҲҪûˡ²ϺúõôĽ΢Ц֣˴Ÿ£˵мھҪ
ֵͷǡ
õŵʱĽѾױݡ
˵һʱزмµȲ˿ɳȥ
·û׻ױҲûײĻַ̌һͷϵĲҡ߰ɡ
ڽʱĽ뽭ʲôɫ᲻÷ࣿ
һ
˳ĵִｭ⡣
Ľ˽ֵĲ½˽ҡ
ҵͥԺֺ£ۡܲ󣬵õĻͦ˳ۡ
ټϸʺҲѧˡ
ҪūŶ죿ѲɹĽ裬ȴܣ
ūŵ˼ǰܱµĳ谮Դƽ»δӣļˡ
ĽϼΪ֪ҲһʱģǻʺҲڹĸˣкһ֮Կֺ޻ܻľõ㣬ֻ
ĽϳЦһȻʲôҲû˵ݡ
˵Ϊĵжϡ
׼ǲڵıۣһ
Ľϵϣǿװ򶨣ĳеš
ѰѰ˵ĸϣ߶ˡ
ݰٺᣬǳң˵߶أ
˵ĺָô롣
Ľϳʩһ񣬡檼¡
̫ͨ˵ʺмҪޣ£
űȥ͹δ볼檼ղõˣһ쳼ﶼ¶˵Ҫȥһˣȥ檻Ұ
⻰žΥζȻò˵ֿⷬġ
鱻һ˲丧ƽ
ס֣ԼΪֻΪԵЩķңʺ롣
˳檾Ͱˡ뽭ҪҪ̸檻ǲлعΪá
ס˸һرǣ䣬ʺ׼һ䷿Ϣ
ΪĵΧĽ˶峡ˣҲֻнԼ·ˡ
泼
ŵķݲԶƹһԺӣϺõķ䡣
ſʱֽȥéˡ
ŵƽķ䣬Ľϸ
հѵƷϣѱĽϱס
һĵעԼݡ
ĽƵǰûɿȻţЦʣ˾ˣ
ܲôھڸϣ˵»ڵȣˡ
ĽȻ֪ҲûʲôϾ޵Ƥӵʲôأ
׼õһŵݵУ뱻˷ǵĹϵǵƺ󡣡
ҪߣֱסĿӯӯע졭
ƤһĶӡ
ԺӺľ˺żƽһϢǰݵķ
ּ˲Ž䣬˰ʱڼŮǰͲ㣬ĽϺ־δã֪ܻʲôǲδʳͲˮ
֪ͨ뿪ʱһλֵĸǰõš
ʮ꣬ģƯȴҲ㡣
ʺ
ĽûҲµˣǽ˵ҷϣ
һһ檣ϵѾͷ檣ϼĳһ޶´ʸ˳ɻǰֻһ޸ҲԺͷŮ˽Լ˷ģ³ӽܺ͸ҵĳԼλŮ̧
гӺСŮϸһӡ
ӻңྴûа飬ȴҲƽͣûʲôìܡ
ǡǡˣϻŵʱҵ±ԼŮ̧
ǰܷĵİŮиϣ䶨Ҫúշ
׮檺гദӺܶ˶֪ĽҲ˵лġ
ڱСҲֻǱͨһЩûкϻӵĻŪӴӲ̧ӵĸи֮ܶһЩʽ϶ǲ¶Ůˡ
ҲĽϼδϵԭ
û檶Ľ˵ûκ壬ΪĿ֮ǰû棬û˵ʲô
ֻǲֶαƵΪѡ
һ˴λãҲͬû
ȥ˵Ҫعˡ
ţá
ڷϵ·֮£Ľ͵˽ſڡ
޳֣Ľϰִϣһ˳ȥ
ǰһ£ͷ΢΢һЦ
ͷһ㱡һֱص鷿˫ְϣų˿
ǰֻĽϲȦĽ˿ȸ˳ʮһա
ٿʲô˿ȸǻ˵è
צּ
Ƿó򿪣ּܾ㣬ࡣ
[вϣ֮ûкӣƾŮˣʱ̲Ҫǡ]
Ҳ֪һܻϣ
ûкʲôв
ֿһŵݣĿϣƾ
ĹϾ֪ˡ
Լǵ˵޴֣Ϊ˸֡
޿Լôأ
ȻĸҽֹˣϾֲĺ塣
ΪֹܽҲ޷ñ˲ãֻԼ
ƫƫ˺֣ܶͲ
ˣվš
үϵ

΢ЦүҪæ𣿡
æ
ǵһؼʺĲһ
Ķһˣ
ҪĶ࣬ĸµˣоֹܶׯ
оֹׯ
΢̾ǰҲôΪֱʶһ棬֪
ˣˣԽԽϻ
ţŵŮȻ
ǰϰߣ̫ĸ첲ֹԱߣүȲæɫˣЩطЪɡ
һ鷿ȻЩˣϾЩûһˡ
ЩǶϻԼǷԣϻŵʱϸ鿴ûңӳɶҲûա
㲻ķ𣿡
ſڣôһʣ϶סŲɫЩȣү
øǰź˯ɡ
ЩɥҲϰˣһͷˡ

ع·ϣ޽Ľϵ֣û뵽ޣʺ޺ܿġ
Ľϳһ´ǣһͷҪʼˣ
Ǿͱһ£˭ݵĸʤһɡ
ͷ޼ϣĺ¡
ʲô
±ɱˣֱӰѳø檡
һʱЩֱ治ڳں¡
ֻҪǰһǰޣ޲㡣
ΪʲôҪڵǰһǰ
ǰһֱôΪʲôҪ֣
´˻棿
޽ԣ٣
Ľԣٵ¶٣
ʱᵽϷĲףôƬ̹һˡ
Ϊ˽ɽΪĸӣǰλһյϷࡣ
⼸ӺǲĿڷ̣Ҳ죬ϻجΣ̫ҽ˿˵Ǿµˡܾò˶֣ҲŶˡ
һ㶣ԭ˵ǷѲ̷ġ
סļ򣬡̫ҽ㿪Щ̲ӵҩȺúš
ȷԼ֮ǰܳҩ
۾˵
Ϊ˯ˣҲûٿˡ
Ȼϰ鷨ʱдµһ仰
[ǧֻԸŮ˫ȫͬϡ]
ԭѾȥôˣĽҵŮͺˡ
*
ĵϣյϣӣġ
ҵģ
뱧Ůͷǵģıóת
ӣصȷȰ׵ּŮд
÷
ͷĸƬ÷԰ƷֱһĶ÷Ҫ磬Ѿʢˣÿءı˵ĸҶȥ棬йкٹҵŮҵŮ¼ҵŮҵŮȵȣ֮ʮλء


36

겻ȥ, ҲĳЩ, ίܾˡ
ȥҲ, ŮӶĵطǷǾͶࡣ
֮ȥ͹밲˳÷¶, Ľȴȥμӡ
Ϊ׵İӣȥŮǻΪΧĶŮƤǿɲ÷麮ġ
꾭һѣ˲ʲô
ŮӶﲻϲûʲôҲЩ
ĸ˵ǣǶ, ǲ֪᲻ܾǰˡ
ûӦòܾϾฮġ
Ƕĸиˡ
Ҵһȥ, ֪ԼҪȥ, ɸĸһϢ
δС
ͬһȥɡ
Ӧ, Ե, ݳ·С
ģŵʱɨһֻۣʮλٻӰԺ̸Ц, Ψз֮룬ܴҵ䡣
ڳ˽
Ƕֻʽ㲻ء
԰㱻һº, ƻһֱսսΨ갵ʰʱҲûбʰ𽥷ݵģԼСĵͬʱΪھƴ䣬Ҷôˡ
ǲӣ
ƻǳЦﰵ룺˼ŮŪεʱҲûӰװʲô
ϴԶЦݵӭƽٹݰ򸮡
룬ȻҪġ
ƻЦŸ͵ʽ˵ǣլ÷԰ʢ磬ǿһ۸ˡ
λλǶȥůӰɣĲˮѱá
һȺĳϷݶȥ
Ըˣﲻϲ
ȻҲ֪಻ϲԼ
ϱһ˭֪˭Ƣ԰
ſڣƻһǰһ£˲Ÿ
˴ů¯Χһ𣬺ܿů
ƵƵԼƣΡ
ʵΪң
òˣŮӣȴҲ̲סհ۹ķݡ
⻰Ǽٵû߶ˡ
ЦЦҾ׼һֱͣŶ
һˣûҪð˼
Ҳ׷װ˵û
겻ɫĹ۲ЩĹ㣬ȴҶ˵˲ŵ֪µ˷ң˵ǣԲϲңǰװģ
ǧö࿴գ빫ˡ
ûЦݣڱĩá
ʽ㡣ƻˣﲻǳĵģֺαضŭСأ˵ˣﲻǹôҲҪӰ
һۣƻڨڨһЦ
Χ˵Ŀϣ˵֮ǰƽǰΧԳ·ûͣ˵˼ӱ˵ˣΪԵʡ
һʱ䣬˵ĿⶼۼϣϣΪû뵽˵
Ȱ׵δޣԺҪΪһ˵ģô첲գ
һֱû˵ķ浳˵δǰʧӲżǺ޹ġ
ϼ£ϣѾͷ˵ʲôôܻǰ㣿
Ůʱֳ˵
ϣȻ֪˵ٲһ𷣣˵¼һѷȥþʹ¶ԣû
˵ֹ̧ҵĻǶ˽½ģﲻǵһҲһ񷽹㱳˵˲֪˼Թޱ˵Ϊʵ˻ƽ򸮳ĹУ˵ǺѾԴزˣ
᲻ͣµû޹أƾá
÷ģҪ˴ҵ£Ĺ̹ϵķϣ򸮵ϣҲ׷ˣɡͷϣ˲ҪǨŭĹеĺƷ£˶ĹֱĻʲô̰٣
ϸЦǡ
ȥ÷԰÷ʱϣеһ߶һж˵лл㡣
ϣ֪лӺţ
֪֮˵¶ΪңƻĻ¶Բԣ
ϣ
ҡͷƻƻģû뷨ңҲΪ㡣
һѵΪƽ𣿡
ҲǡԹһֱ˼ҿ˼أû˿ڣ䱾ĶԹƲ죬ǵ졣ҿǹ¶ˣңҿɲҷ
ԭһΪΪأ
ϣ˵ȻҲΪ㣬ҴϣΪɩģһ֪ѽ
ӻ𣿡
Դӱҷûٻˣ϶ء
ҧҷôأôµģ
ĿɺˣҲûЭҸ˸ֱ˶Фӡ

÷԰ɫӰеš
ʫʵңԼǺܿů¯߷£Ӹ¡
Ůͬǰ棬һȺߵĽԶ˾롣
ôˣɫá
뱧ŮС˵Ծ˳ȴ޷﹫ղһάĻ˵
˵ˣĻҲûз˵ãʡıԡ룬ڵЩĹĸ˵˲ҪǨŭҲ޼¡
ͷıõЩ÷²̨Ҫѵһٵġ
ѵӦòͷϵģǻᱻ
ʱ굹ϣȰ򸮣ڼңܻϣһЩ
һ·ðѷ浺˵˵һЦ
ͷſڵ¶ʹɫе˷ʯӣƽ޹ʾˤ
أ͸ôĿŵ۸ˣ
תʱѱŮ
ΪҪҼҹ
¼ɫֻۿǱˣԩˣ
浵ǲ㣬˭
ĺܣҡ
ӵһֱͬ˵İ㣿㲻ҪԼСĳ˳͹ֵϡ
õҲ伥ȳ׷ָѪˡ
굽˸ǰ˵һ˵һĽŷԼˤݽ¡
֪ǵҹ㣬֪ĻΪǲгĴڽ
˲䣬ѻȸˡ
һɫ׽ӡ
ǲǽɵģҲûʲôˣϾ˷ͣƺǵҲû֤ҲûƼﶯŲǣԩ˽಻ð۾Ͳ˵ˣ˵˵ĺˣǿˤô˰ŵͷܺãҲҼʶһˤӣҲЦһЦɺð
ڹԵͷһԡ
ʽ㣬ҪŻˣҾôһЦǱܵķӦҲǴĵġ
ףԭⰡ治ãûƼˡдЦ˵ǱܵķӦôûܷӦǲͬ𣿻˵һˤַӦһˣøλɣˤһ֮һˤһˤҾܷӦˡ
ƻŭʽ㣬ô˵ҺǶݵˡ
ˣȲԸҲǿ󡣡
ʽ㣬ôǸǰһԲĸ̫ӻأ
국һۣûٻĻʾ浸Լߣδתͼƻǰ㵹ڵϡ
ˤˣƻµȥʱҲˤ˵ϣεܹĴмѾ͵͵Ĩˡ
ޱ飬ôһǲЦ϶ˤĲ
ʽ㣬㡭
üƻźִ˼ˤ
ػأˤʮβ
ԶϣѿɵۣǸʲô
ʯ·ⱻɨˣЩˡ
÷԰ȥʱ򣬹ǰһһɥϲţ꼸ˬںߡ
磡ϣһɤ˵ע⡣
Ȱվ˵ͬ߿
żһһ꣬ǺþδȰ׵Լ
ЦעߣԾҲЦˣƻҲ΢΢졣
Ƿ飬˹ȥĸǰͣ¡

ĸ
ӣʲôˣֱ߸ϣο޲Ϊ¶ˡ
˸ֿȰףƽһڵˤܶΡ
һڵˤһʱûˤʲô
Ůڣùվŵڵϣ˷
ӶɳˣʲôΪʲô
ԼˤǾûסЦһ£˵ҲЦˤ
̫ûѿɶ˵ڣᣬúӣˡȥĸԺڣӸúòױüȰ׻ˣͷ緹
ƻŮԶҲ³ԷϲᣬֻԼˡ
Լ᲻̫ãȻҪñ˵ġ
ˣʽ϶ˣɷ׼һ䷿Ͳʳأ
Ҫ׼϶ֻ׼ԼضҲзݡ


37

Ӧ, ùܼҰϺõĿͷλ, ٸǰϢԷĵط
ֻʽһ˰ű, Ҳһá
˵⻰, Ȱ׿ԼһۣƻЩմմϲ
룬ͬǹǸ
Ȼô˵ˣˡ
ȸ߿ƻȰ˵仰Ҫھͼˡ
껹ΪԼİţܼҹϿ, Ҳûƴǣˣӵȷǲ̫
ŵķ˲һԺ, ֻԼ, ʹܼңٹЪ𣿡
ٹҪԼҪһ𡣡
Ŷһ, ƽ׽, ԵҸ߸ˣ׼ʳЪ븮ˡ
ܼӦ𣺡, 
¯ϣūȥװЩ̿𡣡
ȥ, ˳߷һȻһߡ
õġ
ó´ҪȥéͱͻȻֵȰһеĶҲŵڵء
𣬡ʲô
˲һѽزڱ󣬡ʲôôģ
ӴڷģǽҵԺӡ
ôû
֮ǰҾͲˡһ飬Ǹɫ۴ӵĶʲô۾õ𣿡
껳֪ʣֲСô֪ܲ
ȻȰ׻治֪ʦѧ˵ҲûģŮԼַġƽʱϴǻܿӣǳɻĸˣǱƼŻߴ˵֪
򸮶ԣظϣӻѾͷүӳණһʮ򷢳
ûණ֪
ֻ·Сڵ۾ߵġ
ֿɫ糺죬ֲǡ
겻ʣǰ·쳷ţôôжˣ
ܴȰ׸϶Լ뷨ˡ
ж磬ζҲֻԼ֪ˣ͵ҩãͦЧá
ͼãҳȥһ¡
ȴéѾûӰ
һԴôҪ˵¶ˡ
¯
˵𣿡
˵ˣ˵һӺǰԺȹ
šÿڵĺɫ֪װʲôֽӹ
¯ڶӴůůģˡ
һţϡ
˱ͲǺ֪ܶ࣬ǲǶȥǱˣ߾ûʲôˡ
쵽ǰԺʱĽŲͻȻɲסԶͣ½š
ͷսǴȥֻ齫һӵĺɰ˫ֵݸȰס
һԵŮ쳱鲻һ
֪ϲʲôɫֻ֪ϲӣϣϲ
Ȱ׿ȥɰĺܾ£Կкܺõ幤
Ҳ˷ѣջء
鱻ܾܣҧרΪģգҲûţֻöˡ
ĶȻôã˵
ɤ䣬Цɫֱˡ
ԶӰѺɰڵϣݺýŲ˲ȡ
һһѽ
ٷкã䣬Ҫ
Ůɰ˲ĻңȣȲԸĻ£ⲻҲͬˣﲻطǡԺ˻˺ӣġ
ʲôӣԶء
ԶҲһ𣿡
˵ĻҿĲ㡣
˵ŻԶżǰС
ǰԺŮڵˣǹǰ
ˣˣǾͲˣȻȥˡ
ϼ˷Ҳð
ˣϣ˰ҵĻ˽ȥҪĹȻûȰ˵ڸǰ˵Ҳá
û뵽һ˻ģġ
˲Υġ
ûߣס֣Ժ󵫷ĻͲҪϯˣûʲô˼ģϾ˵˵Ǻܺô
浼ˡ
˭ĳǹ˵ģΪľԺ÷浹ľܾμӣҲʶ಻Ҫٶ롣
ʱƻĵ緭ɽûע˵ʲôΪȫ˼Ȱϣһ⣬һ˵⡣
Ȱ׿˶һ
Ϊʲô
û˵֮ʲô
ҸԵ׷ߣô᣿
ô˵ǼٵģĪǶве˼
ƻɫֲԾȭ
÷԰·Ͷ˵Щȥߵʱûһ뿪
֮ȥԼ£Ǹյҵʱ˽¾Ͷ˵ˡ
һ˸ߣǱͱϽеԼҡ
ҿĸ˵ˣȥƽƹסȥˣƽ޹ʵģΪҪס
ԭǰѧϰֻҪоҪѵסԶ㣬סһʱ䡣
ϲţҿûģ룬һʲô¡
ĸʲôõģ
ֻƽԼ֪ˡЦܲʲô˼޶ֲûƼôԴһڹģǵΪ۸۸ز
ĸô˵Щ۸ġ
˭۸Ůڹٳô¶û취
ô˵֪˽ⳡΪ׼ġ
ְ֪겻Ӳܣλ棬ǻؼҸ߼ˣƱػķŭ
ܲµЩȴҲ˵ڡ
ÿ˶иԵֻ˭Ӯҡ
˿ΪһźӵŮˣĸҲǺȨƣԼĸҸûʲô˵ķܱʲô
ĸıðɣ
Ҳ̸Ҳһ٣СѾͷƬӣֳ˵ԣԺ֪ʲô
Ҷţĸȥɡ
š
ӳԷ뿪ƻǶûټȰˡ
һֱԼԺţʼδߣϸһ˸
ï֪Щ˵ģ˵СŮ¶ָˡ
̲סҪִϣʱȰˡ
˼һȥϣҪһ֮ҳ˵òʧ
ï֣ϣ˵˵˭㵱ưƽô̵ģԶʧɵãȫҵԷ磬ƽΪô˵
ϣʹͷһ䲻죬ѵ⡣
ף¹ֲϣҲǲʲôӡȰɫƽʱʲôĺӣǺԴͷڷϣ
ï˳ⷽҲǵģ֮ǰ˽˵Ҳ˵ˣû𣿡
ү¶ȥ͹ȥˣ˵ƽôһʱλ˿϶Ѿ֪ˣźܿҲᴫµĶС
Ȱüĸľ֣
΢ЦҪȻôƽǼأҪ̫ҽԺԺʹλܶҾҪЩ͢س
ϣ㶵ĿΪβЩң
֪֪кθϵ
ϣ¿ӣһˡ
ڣ˵˼ɣܸһΣȲѺٹ¼޸ҶδޣȻҪǳˣԺĸӵУѹǼһأүһ
ïʣ£
⽭ɥҲˣ˵ң㿴ôĸżĻ£һ޵ĺãǸҲˣȫǰ̽һ£û˵˵ˣټ޵Ĵ㣬˵Ժ˻ῼǡ
ïһ;òУͬСһֶˣⲻôݣҲȥʽ飬ǲͬġ
ˣ˽Ļ˫Ի಻ֻǵŮǸûѪԵϵʲôأ
ïʼվòף˵ȥЦߣȥ꿪ʼѾв˸˵ýˣܾˡ
ܾûĵŮӣǽܸõĸôܾҲһֱûĸȫǸϲ̨ҴҲǻ¡
ܽܺõģ˽ܵĶ棿ïҪ£Ժʷǰĸҵıýܸˣ˵ŮǸ˶˵ģ˳ӵĲˣ涼û˿ûӡҲҶǲǣ
ֻգ˻𣿡
*
µգ
ﷱæصѾʱ
žͼһ˵ڲߣԱ߰ο
ôǣ
ӹĹñ첻ȥฮôƽѵˣһˣû
ôԣЦŮߣֽߵķ˿һߣ˵˵Ϊʲô
ˤˣǴһЦˣȻƽȻǶˤЦٹڡˤʮأʯ·ŮϥǶˤƳѪˡ
ʣ ǲ׽Ūˣ
˭׽ŪˣûС²ҿ۾Լˤġ
ʵ
֪ԼЩ𣬴СЩ
ǡҰġ²Ҳûģķ˵һҶ̫ˣøѵǾһץֽţҳ鵽ˣҶ֡
ͬ˵õ˽ѵҲͲ˵ˣԺɲˡ
Ůֻ˷һ£ƽȴˤôΣ޷Լǹˡ
ȶ֣ɷԼ뿴
֪ƽˣ࿴ۣ˵˺ûÿȻ÷һֱͣѷŵòᡣҲĸǻʺȻĻôֺٹͲһ
ͳ˼֣ˣĸ׺ǰ߻ˣҲұţûء
ô˵һЦۼСĺӣ˭
֣ý˼֡
ûϺͽ¶һۡ
ף𣿡
ϣʲô£Է
ʰ꣬ңȥĸⶣҼ䣬˵ĺܣүﲻûˣһҪչ˺㡣
ʱûסˣǻ룬ˣЪɡ
ϴϲ±ס֣Լ
Ϩ˵ƣ˲ڴϣ֪ڴʲôĲ롣
ۣԺ︡ǸҹǼľݣǸŮӡ
һһЦһһ
ַԼҼ磬ӡڡ


38

ȥۼѾǳ˺ܶ, ֻҪͿҩ, ò˶þͻȫʧ
ֻӡʧ, һĻȴᡣ
ү˯𣿡
ɴ, ô˯š
ۣû
ϲ泯ĸ׽컹˵ﲻһֱûĸ˸үŻ£Ҫ󡣡
ΨһҪǲҪκ˲¡
ϺܸˣϾûбŮߣֻһǺ¡
ݸ, ¶
үǴһӶˣ
ҵ˼ǲޡ
еϲɫ˲䱻嵭үԼ𣿡
ҲԼ𣿡
үϲˣļҵŮӣ׼Ƹ񡣡
ûС˵ֵԺء
ϲ, ֻάڵ
Լ䲻, ȴûٲ
ôûϲŮ, ѲԺͻˣ
뵽, ġ
ү𣿡ûȽ迪ڣ˵, Щ䡣
´һӸϡ
һ㱻ʵء
ϰǸˡ
˯ɣˡ
ʵʧ, 
ԼǺܺãûпƫƫΪʲôһ㶼顣
*
ƻһعȥƹߣ̣Ž˳㱧ԹһͨĶС
޲ŭЦȲѣ£ô˵ôЦˣ
ƽ𣿡˵¹ɵ޲ϰߡ
ѵٹװίˣ£ҲŮȻĸûˣҲڳ߳ġ
ͷûʺú˵ƽùţ˸͹ȥһЩʹͰο
ͷ
ƫģƽűĳ谮ô޿ֵġ
ԽԽãԵĺӲŲΪ
⵹Ҳǣǲ֪ʲôʱǸͷ͸ΣⶼٻˣСٹûƽ۸ƫƫ⺢ӵС£ƽǽҷ
ͬסڹֲԺ󶼸Լ޳ȥˣѼһˣҪˡ
˵ˣԸлҵĻûɺ󣬱¿һ㲻ˡ
ٶһ꣬¹ٸָ顣
¿ӣʣûθ𣿡
֮ǰʺ˸㣬᲻̫
üųϽѰ£һصĹԼ¶ڷ͹޵ģ͸£ؽı˷ӦԱء
λ޲ͬǰԸ޲̫İˣ飬Ȼս˵ˣսʲôôʺдֹġ
¿ɲҪС˽㣬檵ı¶˵
˲䲻ˣʲô㲻ͬûô˼޷ǵ
µ˼ǳкܶˣ
˼֣˲ǣ޵˼뵽벻
⻰ΪЦ»㲻ˡ
㰮˭ְԼ޺޲ðͳ㡣
µóʵжУȻֻñֻ˵˵ѡ
һΪô࣬ǰʲôһûô˵
δԼĸף⻰ʲôĳ
֣Ϊֹ֮޶˭˵
£ǳ檿㲻Ҫ档
ɿ֣㸸׵İ㲻Ҫʲôϣˡ޸һ׼̫ˣ޾Ȳ
ɫ䣬ټһ˿Цݣ¡
ӻվĿ˼Ȼ˵ֻҪһɱ·䡣ΪλҪأǾȲ˻ǲȣ
ͷ࣬ػԼģ̲ҧţºͶԺװԼϣٹٰնӣڴδãΪ˾ǻʵۣβˣ˳㲻ҪŪˣ
˵ŭˣټ˽ϽŲһƹ
̱ڵϷޣŮȰȰס
ٷԲȣûޡ
ϣҪ޸ľ
ڷ͹ԷϢðеˣĽһ
һʱû˵ֻǹ۲ɫ
ﲻŭʧԥһǱסһ㡣
ٵʹͷվǴҴﰲˡ
Ƭ̺ĽϿ˵ȥƹɣ»ڵġ
Ǹ̨ףĽ֪Ҫ
Լ˵Ҳȥ
ȥʺЩ˯صޡ
ǣͱ¡
޴Ҵҵ뿪ˣСʣ»᲻
Ĳ˵Ǻ¡˸ңҲ˸ңһԼĺϡĽݸǴһͿһʱʱչֳԱµİ⣬ű»ӵλҲȡϧȸУѱ¸ԶˣƷˡ
׾Ǹ಻Ĵű¶ַ£̰ôӡүôӽʲôѱ
ٴҲĸף϶ŽǱͷƺûʶӵϱ֮ǰʧȥ˱µİʲôˮܸۣˡ
Ľϵͷ꣬˹˲ǡ
Լǡ
Žһ˺ú˯Ľϵǲ
ϴӾĶ˵´ƹ̩ʮλ͢س
ĽϲųЦˣı£İŮ˸ҪЮɹˡ
϶ܡ
ܣҵܵĺܣǸոտʼˡ

ڶϣǱŵ߹ػ֮ء
ʵ۲ܲҪˣ̲Ҳû취
ȥ͹밲ʱĽ˵Ƶ£ֲøʸ˽û˵ڣⲻʱܰ˷𣿸ʸյǻô˶ʮλ̰٣ȴҲȣбɱģбɱģбͷҵģҲȫţҾݶ֪̰Ǹ̰˼ʮӡһ̰ʮӣƾʲô̰ʮӵĴ᣿һȫұȫ»ߵġ
ʲô벻ֻ¹˲ôˣΪνƴȫˡĽ΢ЦʵԾģŻ㸸ʰˣĸһ㸸Ҳ֪ģԼĲ²ˣһΪġ
ʲôΪԼӵйԴ֪ΪһУŻȻԭԼδй
ΪʱҪ˰ô
˼ǣ
ĸô󾢲Ϊ˱һþҪԸգƵϣΪʱӦɱǣʵƽ߻ɱˣһʸĸѺۻ󡣡
Ľȷ㸸ʺ֮ѺԶûнĸֻǴһ㸸ʶȻϲ֮ˣȻǵ˸ɵģճˡ
ôҪɱأڽ㣬ظʻ׼һ棬ǡǡͱ֮󱩲ģιʹֵǵͷϣû֤ǿɲϡ
ܵĸ硣
΢Цôˣûȥȥѵˡ
ţȥɡ
ӷ͹·ԣߵļɫǺܺãķԿӦȥƹ
ԪԱߣüҼĮ˼֡
ʽ㡣½ŲһȻ
ʵɫҴҵģҪȥҵ
ԺĿһ㺮⣬ǡ
ǿȥɣͲʱˡ
ͷѸƿŲ
ֻԪĿڰϣûпıҲûκα仯·Ӳʶ
ջС˵Ԫıˡ

ֻҪ빫ΪУū澲ϧһҲҪ
΢΢ݣ
ĵ˾ǵĵˣǲܻţһġ˭ҪҪǵ
͵ͷĻҲū˵ģǸһġ
һ¡
ѵʱһͬƹʱ˽Ϣ
ֵ̩ĲУ¶סֽĻɫ˵¸Ϣʱ˺ܴƢ̫ҽԺȥϸʬ壬˵屾ԭ򱩱СҲû˵ʲôˣﲻţΪǱġ
ûʲô飬ĵĶ
ǰĸסܵܡ˸ԼԼôģ
̫ҽԺʲôʱôݰˣ
ӦֲܷԾĵطô£
̫ҽԺǱȷǽԼе𣿡
ǵģǧȷ
òԾѵԼˣ
ô֪
̫ҽԺԼˣ
һλ
û˵ʲôµ̫ҽ
ߣȥ͹
ȥ
ԣҲˡ
·˺󼱼ȥ͹Ľû˵ʸ̫ҽԺԼ¶˵̫Ҫˡ
˵طû˸ҲͨͨĽȥˣֱӼȥңĻɵۣĸ󡭡


39

ֻĽϵڴ, һ첲ڴ, һ첲ȱ, ˫۽š
ĵɤӿڣһǰ, ĸĸ󡭡
ӦĽᱧϣ̳嵽Ҫ̫ҽֶ̲
ʲôˣ
ĸ赹ˡ
æ£ūȥ̫ҽ
Ľϻ赹ϢԼٶȴ̩ͷöŵϢǰ˷͹
ʱ, ΪĽϰ
Ժʹʺô赹
ջ֣һر, Ѫ, ֮ǰ¹Ȼδ, ɴ˻ͻȻ赹
ʲôʱ
·, ܿͻģڻ̫ҽԺȥҩ
Ͻȥʱ, ĽϱתѣŮ޶ˡ
£ôˣ
赹ˡ˵, ޴󰭣Ժʹ˵ˣֻҪúúҩһӾûˡ
˵˸ϽѼõҩ
Ľסθܲȳȵůůθٺҩ
¿ڣһĻô졣
ͬˣҲãոҩθθֱ¸ˡ
ūȥѰõȡ
ʲô֣°
ǡ
Ľϳ˾Ե̫ӣĸ£ѧϰ򲻿ɵ󣬿ذɡ
Ƕˣĸú
Ľϵͷȥɡ
ĿͶӳҵſڣЦŶ˵һ£ͬ⡣
£
䲻ɼڣ檻Сסʮɢɢġ
޲ȴҲ֪ᡣ
ʮǲǳЩ׼ȥɺã
Ľ˵ҲܺˣڹһмγĻ᣿
ǻĽңһһʱ䡣
л¡뾲˷ȥɷ񲻴ôˣ
㿴ŰžǣڹⲻȹҪעⰲȫ
ĽӦ檼ˣΪ·ǣ볼һͬȥźºúñӣĪҪ̫
ⷬػ޺࣬ӣʺ̫࣬ϣЩӣǰһ
⻰ǼٲҪҪĽϸûаĻȥҶ
檻úġʵ뿴ֻߣ¹æų檣ȥæɡ
ãٹ
һߣڴѹʣʱʴ߶ˣĸҪӰ
ĸֻ㸸ʲʱģȷֵô
ͷһĸ󡣡
ĽϲµҪʲôˣߵһ䣺ǽԺʹæ
ҲǸʵĸôæģ
Ľϵ˵Ȼа취ģԺ᲻һֱǣĸԼҲȷ
ûڲ֪ҪϳôҲһ²ˡ
Ľ֪ڲܻʵԼӡ
֪ͨʲôýܰæģԼĸ󲢲ϸ˵Ҳûˡ
ô˵İæǲᱻʻˡ
ѽĽҲܸˣ㸸أĵ֪Ķȥˡ
ȥѸʵİû̹ˡ
ĸʲôʱȥ
ϰɡ
Ȼھ뻹Ǻúò߻һ³յĲΪã˴γɲΪ
ֶˡ
վĸ󣬶Ȼȥˡ
š
Ľڴͷ
һ˵赹檺޲ɹ̽Ǳ²죬˶ೳ㣬Ƚ˲ŹһǣУƹڹʵ̫ˡ
ˣﱾһ£
ɫһųˣ֪ģ
û㣬Ҫɢգͬˣʹһڹɡ
ֱܳԼֲãֻάֱĺƽôԼܣ
⡭
ĪǹԸΪǽѣ
æϣ檲˼ֻûܹڹ¹ܲá
˭һʼֻأѧģλֶߣҲֻʸˡĽϺЦԵĺãԺĻỹܶࡣ
ЦЦγ檣ܹΡ
Ľ֣á

ȥ·һֱ뽭Ϊʲôæ
ôʾ֭벻ͨ
һļƻǶԸңڿʱˡ
Ժȷܻ᲻һֱæ˵
Ŀ˭أ
뵽ҡ
żҡ
֪Ȱû˵ٻڶϲҲֹڡ
ԤϵĵԺضǺڰ
ǷǷϲĸ˵Ҫˡ
ѡʱ򣬵ʮƹʱѾ¶һ·
ʱദĵεΣ겻ɷϣǰ˺ܴı仯Щ仯ǰҪġ
Ҫ
һֱȷûδԡ
̫ϻλԼ뱣ˣעҪҶһ
ҵĶӣ
ұ壬һıݡ
սעһҪܣλ֮ûԺ͡
ïλȨأô鼰䣬̨ɲһ׵¡
ֲһ˵ʲô
µʮïǸء
*
̩ĽǱڲ׼ٳһ
˵֮ǰʥӽƹڽĽʱˡ
ƹſڰء
Щʧַߺ޵ĿǱµİ㲻ƭ˻ʺ㽫ʮ꣬Ҳƭ˳檣
ô˵⻰ģԶţ˵㸸һͻ㲻ҲͰˣ˵ƭ㣿˫ֲǰԶĵطŭɶ
ûƭ檣Լ֪ѳ檰ô̫꣬óʧˣ
޿־ˣкʸ˵ʧʧޣָԣĸȥ
˦Լӵ֣涵׵ǲǱģ˳Ҳ˵ʲôˡֻһ䣬´ʱ̫ӣ
޵ĻЩ½⻰ʱִڵϸߡ
Ҫ쭣æڣ£̫ˡ
æ¹򣬡Ϣŭĸ˼ңȫ֪Լ˵ʲô
̫ˣ˼ң֪Լ˵ʲô޿޵ĳ谮ŸôƳһۣûޣнĵλ㸸ԭȲǰƷة˭ΪƷʹģ޳ҲͰˣȴûĸѾʴˣ㻹һٶĹޡ
ھʹĸƹ
˵ʲô֮ǰԸǿ˳ȥֱ̩Զŷſ
дŭĸ־˲ɣڸʲô游к壿ҪԺԸټ
һʣסˣĬĬᣬһ仰˵
ڿʲôȸʲٷֶʱĸдѵʱϴ档
һȻ֡
Ȼȥ˵ߣ̩ȥ
˴ţڵȴ¡
˵˭Ҳ˵ذɡ
ͷͨһأϴġ
룬ūžͽȥΪͨһء
ţܿͼٳҡҡͷܲã˵˲
ֱ˫ϥ£鷳ȥһˣ˵һֱš
Ǻαأ֪ٽȥٲһⲻΪūȻȥūŵȱ˻Ȱ˵ģ𣿡
˵ȥͳˣȥ֪ʲôʱˣ㱾ˡ
ҲԸʧƣһаɣūٽȥһΡ
½ڣ̧ۿֽô
£ڵأ˵Ҫǲһֱš
в
ߣ͹Űɡ
Ȱ£֪ˡ
ٶһ䣬ʮ
ٲ˵˼תȥˡ
ôţһʱʱ
һֱ޴ʱҪȥ͹
״űסȣ£檴ˣشˣˡ
޸ȥɡ
ԭ³˶Բԣ
ԭ»Σ
֪ϴôЭΪԡ
䵭һ²Ϊ
֪Ҫȥδ۾һĽűߡ
ԭ뱧صȥĽë΢ȥˡ
ƹ
̧ˡ
װԵһ䣬װ޷סֻĬĬﱻͻƹ
͹ֱŲĽȥ
ĽһȥϴҲȥˡ
ϴ˽Դ¾ޣůģӸŵЩˡ
§Ǽͷʺƽ޾ûˣҪЩá
ĽϹߣ˵ı¶༱ƵģֲȱŮ̷
ǲȱ޻̷
ĽֻЦţĻ
ʱĶļƻ
ˣ׼ô


40

һ, 峿Ľϴӻʹ, ǰǽĻʼұ𹬡
ط޵ı, ȸСȫܸܲʹ, ȴӦоС
˲࣬Ľϲ
˳ִ𹬺ʹû
˷磬䲻ȴĺܡ
ʱɩˡ
ⶼǲ߻õģ£ϵװ磬ñŮ˱𹬡
, ĽĿڣ˵Ǽٵģһ˳
ӽ뾩, ͣ˽ſڲԶ
ʱ, 㽭趨ɢֵڼҳ緹
͵ˡ
Ľϵͷеŷ, ΢
ȴ˰ʱ, ȴѰڴ
ڿĽӴӸʱĽϰŷݸηȥ, ȷǱٸ
η߷ɿ죬ס˶ԷĽӣȷǽ, ŵݹ
ȻԼٶȻ
ˣѾˡ
ţΡ
ߣĿ׷ŴǶɫĽԶȥӣϵŷ⡣
[һϵط㣬һҪ]
ּ

迪ʼˣʲô
ȥԲȥ

һ·ţȥ˰칫š
˺һ±ţֻпȼճɻҽŰġ
ΪԼֵԼ뷨žɢֵʱԽԽĿʼˡ
ˣϵȴʱ޿̲ĥ
ϸԼȥȥ˾ĵˡ
֪ûлϺӣϺˣȥܽʲô⣿
ɢֵʱһû
Ǽѵվš
ӳ⹬ж·̣˽Σлȥе㼱ȥ죬üﲻõҳԷˡ
ǣү̧μӦ¡
ģŻɽȥ
ߵĺܿ죬֮ǰոϵɽ¡
һȦܺ󽭺迪ʼߡ
ľݶţɨһۣûŵǼȥ
һ䲻ϴιķ䡣
ţָƿˡ
ܰϮﾹ˵ůͺš
һֻĽڴ˯ˡ
ŵĶɵķᣬȥ
˸ով˾ͱڴ
عĽĻ첲ϡ

ָĴϣֹҪ˵Ļ
㵱õ𣿡Ľ΢΢֮ʱǵĹϵѲǾ˺ŮˣҪ˵ô
쵽ӸֻԼҲˣӲʯͷˡ
˵ĺݻںУϲ²ȥƫƫ
ƿôˣΪʲôִУ
ĽϾôϸ
ֻδ˵ĽϾͲ׼˵ˡ
ᣬһȪˮ
ûȾƣȴԴκ
һƺ˳¡
ţܵ䡣
ڴƼʱŵȼϵġ
Ľ֪ǿ϶á
ҲͰˣȻ˾Ͳܵ
ķεĽˣХڶ硣
һȥĽۣߡ
ĿĶͷƵüٵ촽ޣ˼š
Ľ§ֻôشš
۾ĿŴ΢ɫûڲѡ
Ȼϵˡ
ŮָˣֶΡ
ôʧء
ƫƫ
æ۾ϡ
Ľϴ·ȥš
豾ߣȻʱעĶյԺھͱס
˷ߡ
ˡ
ĽǿӲˣģһҪԡ
ջûߣͬһ˷
ļѣ˿ɿڣû뵽֮ȻܳԵʺķ
ҽ컹⣬ر𹬣ϻع
ڰʾ
Ȼ˵ʲôҲԸˡ
ɽϣһҪСġ
˵ĿȻĿԼͷһôˣ
˽²Ҫ㺰һͺһǻʵ۵Ů˶ġԷУһɽϵȲദĻᲢ࣬´治֪ʲôʱˡ
˺ģǾͲҪˣԷ٣ҡ
ҪĽЩΡ
˸գ۾ܿͺˣ˵ˡ
ҡҡ׹
ұˣҷģûлϺӣԺҲ˽¼ˡ͢سҲֹһةҲͦģ涽ԺҶʷȨҲС
ԣ
ҵĻұˣֲ̧һ۽ǣ˵Ϊǵ鲻ƴǰʥѲ⣬һ첻ˣӼλмֿԣ̫ǵճκϽƷ£֮Ȼʧġ
ͷҳһš
뿪ֱȥţ⹬ĵة
֮ôƲֵģ
ةƽչϵǺãӲʲôǻȴ˳ۡ
òˣιʹܱΣ
ةüֺӽ飿
Դҩˣ
˳һЩ·ġ
ϻټ㸮ôһңź㣬ʱµŮˣ費ҪҸܸң
ԸŰɣõš
ةԼҵλĸϻ̾һĸţˣ

ص緹ҪԡЩ졣
Ϊûаԡ˯ǰ
Ҫ·׼ãүٳδأȥ￴һ£ûүںδЪϢģ
û·ȥ˾
Ϻ˼һһ磬˵ӾòԾ
ߵǰүҪҲ
á
ڴߵŮˣΪô궼ûУҪ˵ġ
һ˵ʣηϺ֪ϴʣүΪβҵĻ
ܼС£һܡ
֪ݱֻǸңûʸүү˱ŮˣĪҪί˼ңȢǣܼ֮ȨҲ֡
⻰Ÿĳ
ҪûĹܼȨָҪôܡ
ƽͬ˵ȢŮˣҲίġĸײͬͳֱӰ̧Ϊңҿίˣ˼ҵеĴУ˼ûеĴҲУ֪ʲôϣǰһֻܰԼãĪҪѧһס
үҡ
˵֧֧꣬Ҳû˵Ȼ
ȥˡ
үڼסô
š
϶Ĵ𰸷ϵ˲٣ˡ
罭ǰ㣬ɢֱֵӾͻؼˣһõķ
콥ˣƮѩ
Լȥ뿪İɣ
ţ¾ˣȴôҲ˯š
˺ʱ·
ĵкĻѩ
ֵʣүҪ𣿡
ţ𣬾˵ߵġ
ǡ
ȥ˾Żɽ
û⣬ŵ߽ˡ
ⲻԼǰ
ΪЩʧ䣿
нŲ迴ȥŶЦȻǰ
ƼԶеƹ⣬֪㣬ȶǲΪˣ
˵űסĿڣƾ֪֮ġ
Ǹ֡
ʲôǸֵˡЦŰȥ
ûܰϢȴůġ
ĽϰĵƽӹϣȼڵŽƻ
˫Ĵϣȡ£ַ֮Լϣ̫ˡ
ȵƤģůҲ˼֡
ΪҪʲôȻߣ˯ˡ
⣬ܿҲ˯ȥ
һ˯ĺܺãϻǱѵġ
ϴԷˡ
迴һܰоȻ
ôˣĽְ𣬡ɵˣ
ҡһͷϴϴͼѷ˸˹
䣬߳ԡ
ռʱر𹬣
ߺʱߡ
˵·Сġ
ѵӦҳ𣿡ĽЦûвˡ
Ϊûô𣿡
Ľȴƶ˵ûô롣
˶һۣ͸Ÿӵ
ʱ룬޵㣬ڹĿ϶ܺá
ʱδؿϳ
ҪԷƱҲǿؼŮӣΪ޵ǻһѡ㣬Աδ޵ŮҪһ˲ѡ㣬ĽҾһŮҲȥ˭ȥʱ⵹һǰѲ˽ˡ˵ӹһֱܺã檺
ͦģ޵Ѿͷжĸ飬ûʲôìܡ
ܺãҸᱻ·š
Ҹ
жҸΪ޻檣ûʲôͬԣֻǹӰˣȽ˸еļɹ˸徻
뿪ǰﱻһ
ʲô
Ҳţһ˫סĽϼʱˣ߰ɣȥųٵ
һͷתˡ
һ·Ѵó
ɫƤףǰɫĺޣϣů͡
ͷ˫ףһ˿Ц⡣

Ľ뿪ŻɽðԼɩϻ˱𹬣ɹ˻
Сɳˣ
ĽĿһ죬һͷϣԸ
Ҳϣܳɣӣ͵ڰѽץˡ
ﲻڵ죬ūĵģҺûʲôӡ
ˡ
¾ͺá
ʮһϣݻعյ͹Ѷˡ
һ֮Цмϲ³檵ø߽㡣
ʲôϲ£
ˣࡣ
ĽϵЦݵȥˣǲ𣿡
ͷ˭˵أѲһֱ˭뵽Щһֱ͵͵ҩƣܻˡ
ȷʵϲ£¿϶˼ˡ
˵ģɣҲ֪Ƿ˼ˣֻ֪ºƹ
ãڹϻУĨȥ˶ٱеĸ񡣡
ûĨȥеĸ檲֪֪еĸûĨȥϾĸףˡ
ĽϵһЦʥģ˿ɱȣƽʲôҲǸģҲʹ죿
˵꣬⴫ͨ¼ݵ
˶һۣһ˸
檸µϲˡ
޼Լʣʺڱ𹬿ģ
бµĸġ
޿лȥɡ
ſദദϻûϾͱϣﲻ죬ֲ˵ʲôֻӡ
ǣ檸ˡ
ºĽϲֻŻӣǲס
˵ʲô
Ѳȥ
ĽϴЦһ£ûʲô仯˵ǡոɥУϲӿ϶ܴӶ⣬檻һ顣
޲ͷʲô飿
Ϊ˱֤̥£檽Ժʳһ£ŷҲĻʳٶЩƹ¼Ҳ⽻ڹˣÿ˼ƹܿ߿⣬ڽ͹밲Ҫ檣Ҳ֮
֮Щ
û˼ʺˡ
ĽϳһЦֻǵΪĺ룬ϣƽ½ĺӣ˼ĻҶã𣿡
Ц۵ȴŵ⣬֪ˡ
Ȼʺô˵ˣû
ȥæɣȥ̫ӡ
Ҳվ
*
ʮ죬ï硣
͢ٳμˣҲˡ
ǻïġ
δ鹫Ȼμӳ硣
ڹһ죬ʱչյ򸮵Ϣ
ïϵ˵˾ԣ˳˵һ̻֮ŮӶ磬ܽĽӶĽϣûʲôӣֱִ
ͱ˸ǿֹˣҪߵʱסˡ
ڳ˾Ͷⷬ
֮ïͱȥ˴Ρ
ȻҲͲɢˡ
ЩïĻֻƽʱҲ˵˵ǰˡ
֮Ի˵ҪԲŻûǣ˵ʲô˵ʲô
ΪȰ׽Ųˣʱʱˡ
жû䵭Ŀˣŵ껺վ


41

Ŀ, Ц, Ϊʲôôң
ʲôԼ֪
Ȼ֪, ô֪ΪģͲ֪ˡ
ô˵֤֤ʲô, 𣿡
Ҹ׾ˮֽŵ˱Ҵˡ߽û֤һ㣿
ȻˣǼӡվǰĿ˿û㡣
㲻Ұ˽𣿡
ôģ̫ˡ
Ҳ֪ⲻС£һ֪Ϊ, ôԸԼ
ǻƹǻҪ
Ĳ֪ԼΪҲ֪κμıдۡ
ⲻҪȱ硣
ϾȰô˵, ץ, ڻ֪
ڼ̵ʱ, ˺ܶܶࡣ
㸸û뷨, ȻôھˮֽţҲ˵Щ𣿡
ȰӾǺ, ҪءҴٲ֮أ֪ôǵġ
¶ˡ
ôġ
ë΢ѵҲǱͷڰԶԸ˵𣿣
û, ҲһֱŬŤתƣΪһ㶼𣿡Ȱ׵ɺһƬѾתôһ˿ûпǹҵĸܡ
˵ԳһЦҲǣʲôʲôǣң
תߣִӺ󷽱ס
֡
ȴĸˣֻҡͷ˵
Ȱ֪û˿ıǸֻ˽ްˡ
۵׸һ㱯ֻܡ
ʸ㸸ô˵ǵģǶ˻ʼҵӶѣа취㸸ס
Ȱ꣬֡
ãżˣҪʲôҶ㣬ֻҪһء
ðѱù
ܱڱá
Լï֮ѡ񣬼ֱɱѰɡ
ǳгôῼǣ
˼֣ʣʲô
ǡ
Ҫ¼޸ңҲɣ
֪֪ǵжԹϵ
Ҳʲô
֮⣬ģ׼Ӧ
Ȱ׵۵ӿ˿ʲôҲҪ
ҧҿԳΪŮˡ
ȲԸǰʧ꣬ҲԸֻӵһʱգ˳жŮ
֪ڹʲôҲҵĹǣµ֧ߣȢؼңûбµĴͻʥּҼ˿϶ͬ⡣ԴҲΪµжɲκ£ʱ֮ǡ飬ʱˣʲôʱԸˣ˽
ؼٶȼ޵Ұ
ԣȰ׽õ̧Ҫߣƺһضûˡ
ҡҴӦ
Ȱ׽ŲסͷĴӦ
ġ
۷һиҪ󣬲ܵһдϻ档
ܵ飿
ǿԺ
ã̫ӵǻһʥּһɢ
ţҲˬͬ⡣
Ҳдȥûҵͬ⣬ܹ
Ȼԣ˵һ˽һ²ſɶ˵
¶ĸ֪ûİæҸ޷õʵӡ
ûֻǴ֪ԽԽá
Ȱˣûν޷ïİ취ʲô
ΪԼ취
ȥǸھˮжֽŵˣҲ㽫佻ȥǽ޻ҡ
˿еָ֪ʾʱһʱ䲢ǼлʧԵ࣬ѡ񱣻
ԼҪʲôҲ
̫͹Լеĵλ
ǡǡ෴̫߹Լеĵλ
ԭⱲӣһûа
үֺαأҲֻǿʼһұ壬ҵˡ»ΪҪ׷ˣ˭֪ԽԽˡ
֣ѹ붼ûҾеģܽġ
ǰûǿԼȢһ
˶ٴκ룬ŹԼӦˣ
뵥µʼҲӡû˿ϵˡ
ѪˣûĿܣᰮҲû뵽¡
˵ɻǰΪôϲ֮Ϊ˱˶٣֪֣
ͻˣܶʲôģһ֪
˵ףʱΪѹӶûʲôȨҲѾ߾ܡ
ˣһֱĴ㶼顣
Լ;Ҳܸõı
ȹѶʱˣٺúðӭȢʱҪĸԸϲء
Ȱ͹ȥǩ֡ϻ
Ů˫׼һݣݶдݸԼӡָӡøԵĸĸ׸Լõһӡָӡ˺˽ϻܡ
ͬӡָӡһܣ֮Ȼ
뵥ΨһͬǣϻǸĸ׵ӡָӡǼƼ֮˵ӡָӡ
ĸײһǼƼ֮ˡ
ڹҪ׼ϻҲõȻع֮ˣԾһݡ
֮ǰ˵Լд档
ִǩº쳴һݣ֮ǰ˵ˣү⽻³һҪѸǺӡĺϻ
֪ˡ
꿴źϻϵֻּǰʯͷԼĽţûҰ⵹ȰԼ
һûô˯ţʮߵٶȻ˹һʱʹźϻȥĽϡ
ïεȥ˵֪ΪĽϻᷴ׮飬ϲûС
̫ͬĸ˽˵ˣȰһֱڰ˵̫һ⺢ӱǿĶ࣬ĸܿ˸ͷףӦ˵ҲġֻҪԸ⣬ĸûĽ֣ϻĸ㸸ʵӡ
ݸĸȰף
۸൱ĹԱ۴òָΪβãʮΪ˼ҳúð˸°ˣĽԵ㸸ԼǱߵ֪Ȱ׵Ĺλʹֹ˲˵ôõǱߵϢ
ĸ
꣬ȶģҲҪ˼ҺãҪҵ˾˼ңý˾ðǲֵãͶãıġ
Ӧ£ĸ̻塣
ͻȻǴȥþմʦ㲷ԣ˵»²ɾҪȵºų𣿡
մʦȷ˵ˣʵ飬ûѻ˵ȫ˵Ļ½±óɵģΪˣԵ⵽˽ضϣҪôԵߣҪôҪԵŻµԵ߳֡ĸ󣬰ʮ϶ȥȰ׵ʱ˵Ϊûͬ⡣
ĽʧЦעҪġ
ע
֪
ӷ͹뿪ʱ򣬰ϲ̵ĸ󣬿ɵ֣ʣôˣ
ϵƽȥ̫ӵգɶūһ˿ʲôƼˡ
һĻЩȣôû˵
ū澿ɲ˵±˺졣
Һʱ˺ˣ
ٺһЦū澾ôһ˵ūΪˣô罾һ˾ҪΪˣɶøɣ⿴ž;ۡ
罾һˣ
Ƣʱжˣûʶ
𱻱Իˡ
ȸԾ˵Ȼǻܾл񣬵鷿Ҫ򵥲һµİɣ
ûǸҪ
Ҳ̫ˡĿڣū澺ĵ׼
ǲ˷ܹͷˣ˶ʲôɸ˵ģٲŵ㣬²ȫ˶Ҫ֪ˡ
һסڱǣܻһȦЦݡ
ԴԼ֪ܵºĿɿڴ˺һӣȰ׵ĵӵжŸְͱƵ¶ǾôӲԿԸðôҲҪ棬Ҳƴˡ
лĻԼҵ¶ȻҲɵġ
ﰵ룬ҹ˻˵ĸˡ
׳ǻָ޳ʲô

ȰïҩƵº󾢹ֺΪɸ޵ӡ
ĸ飬ĽҲֵĺܴȣ˵ƽïۣް˷ˡ
ޱûسï˷ʼҵͷҲ˵ȥ
ֳΪѵģ˴ïʮӣŷˡ
ְûκεı仯
ǾʹƽϢˣ˪ȥѵûʲôˡ
ûûԼȥΪǳûڡ
ҲڿԼ
û޵Ļɺʹѹ
ǰƹʲô
ÿֻܰԺһա
⻹˵
Ϊһı㳯͢سǻˣ
Ƚ޸Ȱ׺õĲһˡ
ο£ҪȢԼ
һϲ
ϲ
ʱ˵ҪȢҪ߶Ȼ䶯
˵Ҹ˻飬ҽҪܲԵĿͲ²⣬ⱾʹŴ⡣
ƽĹ˼죬ĽϾְѺϻĸ˹
һ޺Ļϵӡˡ
֣ĸôģ
Ϊϻ˲ģð˺ܴķղŸϵġ
ǩڣٰԼӡó¡
ˡ
ֻҪȰǷݺϻǷˡ
õĸ׵ӡ
һ㣬겻Щɡ
ҲԼ˳´ڹʲô棿
ԼҪʼӵ
ʮŻǶʮ
ͻȻһʣ˰Ļأʮ

˶һۣǹҪ׼ʲô񣿡
еĺϻ³ˣȥ
ŶʲôõġЦ𣬡ūȥ¡
ȥɻլſڵ쳡
ǡ
⹬ĵϣԪ
һ˶Уֳֳźɫ¡
ȴֲǻҫˡ
ֻİˣΪʲô˵ġ
ȴסȥ·

𣿡
ԪݣҲЦա
ӽԼ˿ģȻǰˡ
Щĺ𣿡
һܺãһ£ˡ
ûòãΪòøʲôϵ
ûٻػͲˣһӰ
Ԫͷĵһ˿ɬ
Щ죬ÿ˵Ǿ䵽ΪֹĻ
ʱһ˻飬ôģ
ԤıߣΪʲôĴ
ԼЦ֪ԼĿģȴϲ
ֱĨӰʧڹսǴԪŻعͷǰС
ͣ½ŲһŽŲſڶȥ
˹Ƶģǿ̬У˸оǳµģϹġ
ôլſڣ˸Ƨضǽ£ӻͳ·ĻζĿ
ȵڵʱ򣬲Ƽ˼һ
쳻ͷŮ緶ġ

ָ϶ãЦ˵ҳԷ£кö㡣
쳺Цҽ
棬һ·ȥס
ݣϻø˵Ǹ˵񡣡
û뵽ôõˣΪ³õǺ¡
ЦŽӹŽ̫ˣүһܸˡ
˵ǷӡǺ𣿡


42

ոǺӡ, һ, ȥá
ïӡѺڼͳɹõ, ҪǸϰӡصʵȰΪõ˲, Ҳû˿Ļò
ͷȴš
쳺ܿȰݺϻø
װУˡ
ҪԷ𣿡
Ц㿪Цġ
һſȥôģ
·ġ
ذɣҲҪ򸮡
, ˣҲԶ߻ȥͺá
ߵĸ첲ס, ֳֻ־, Ҫ, һŮ·̫Σ, 
ִҪͣϴҪҲͲˡ
, ӵڻӽţ˫ֱǰ, ȵĺͺ
ڵ·ϱţܿ͵˻ʹⲻԶĵط
лл㰡
Ժǿɾһˡѹͣôġ
Цŵͷ˻֣ټ
ټ
쳻ص򸮣һ·СŻȰڵԺӡ
ù𣿡
һԴѽ¸ˡ
ȰʧЦģרŻȥþȻûã
̫˷ܡѺϻóү쿴ʲô
Ȱ׽ӹ򿪿һ˲䣬һˡ
˭ģ
ǰ͵ģѾүǷݸȥˣҲǽأ˵Ǹ񡣡
Ȱѹĵļָּϡ
⵱յ
쳿ˮ⣬ǡ
үͣ»ȥð
¡
վͷʣүкָʾ
ȻûгɻʽҲδбϯܵô£üϺõѡЬӡ֬ˮۡȱرƷҪ׼͵ס
ԣ̲סѣүðɻլԺԼܵͰѻܵٺ»ԼĲˣˣϻظҡļҵ׳׸ˣûǮôȥ׼ЩɸΪ֮
Ȱװϵİָ
쳿Űָɣүָϲˡ
ѣԺˡ
ʹָһٷٺ»ģƽʱժȻó
ΪŮ˳ǮѪ
鵽ʲôô˷衣
Щ̾˷š

һȰ׳ҹߡ
˯š
ܾΣһʲôǼٵģ̫ʵˡ
ϹٷȥţһƬ࣬ȴӡ
˸յ⣬ͼϤӰ߳
װף
Сᣬʲôʱģ
ЦҹⲻһôһδȻҸˣⲻ
Ȱ״֣߶ԲݣھʳʲôɴСֵġ
Сүֲ򣬳ʲôݣʳҲǹȲҲǿȥֱʳʳ
һţȰλȥ߹ô
ȥˣҸҸ˵ˣȥҾøӰԼӹϡ
ҿУɵɳȭߡ
մ첲һ£ǲ˰ôײС˵㶩ˣǷҵĹ㣬Ľ̫иˣ
⸣ҪҪ
ǵǲˣѾˡ
ȰŶһǾӪеλú
Цָ仵ˣ
˭ȰʣĸŮôùˣ
СүôˣСүõҹӿɲˡ
˵ص㡣
ջ䣬ȥʮ뿪ڽżȻģ֪ʲô֣̫ҵθˣʱҪҸĸҪӴڷɳȥʶһ¡
İɣôʱȥˣƶ˵ˡ
գ
ͳһŵõĻ񣬡Ұ˸ǹĴ磬ĳҵĹ㣬ãæ˭
ȰײÿĻҲ֪˵˭
ֽӹһ£Ůʶ
۾Ź⣬ģļҵŮӰ
ƽ
Ϊˣһ飬㡭˵˭
˵ƽ
ϵĻϲʱɢ૵ôôأ
Ȱ׼ˣԼˣЦʣôˣ
ֻʹļףҵˣ컯Ū˰
Ȱļ򣬡뿪㣬ţ
հѻ˺ˣҳ˼ĺôãȻˣ
Ȱ˵Ѹת˻⣬ֿʼЦ·ղǸǱƵġ
ʲô֣
޳
׵޳ж񱣿޳֣Сܷɣһݡ
Ȱüɣ
أҲҲ쵽ԤҲ
ıֲгɲǷɥ𣿡
һֻ֣

ȴû˯֮⣬˺ÿһȰ׸˼ѪƵģԷθڣ˯εƽʱҲѵ¶Цˡ
¶е㷴
ֻ֪ѾھԼˡ
òװµף˵Լı롣
˻˰
Ȱ򴽣㡣
ƽʱҲû
Ȱүǳһˡ
һ±㻹Ҫ𣿡
Ž̫ӵƽѵأӳ鲻ʱء
Ȱװ֣ˣǲˡ
ٵֵһ죬Ҫúݼһա
*
һȥ͹˼Ůɻ
һۺˣĸ󡭡
غߣĸ޸㸸֮ǰĸҲĸĽϰЩ˵Ȱ׻ܹͬסһ𣬵Ƿˣܱⲻ˵ġԺϲˣҲؾţʱĸ㰲źú·Ѻ¾ǡмǲɳǶĺܣһεûʲô˻ɲУǿӣʱ֮Ī
껹ûôԶһҲҪӣڲǺʱ
ϴӦȻǺá
ӦûӦġ⼸չеĴţ˵ƹ
ںδĸһ㶼ģΪ˸ӡĸǼŲʲôĽݱϸº࣬ĸġִˣ㸸ʺ±˶ֺĺӣ֪Сķ˵ɣĸӶ鰡ǰˡԣ㷢ҪһԸΪκ£ֻץסģһоͻü򵥶ˡ
ͬġ
ԣҪȰ׵ץȥ죬Ǽϴ󲻹һƷԺޣ˵ûʲôԺҵƼȨƱȰ׵ϣסˣöҶ𣿡Ľ˵ߵïĸӣֻҪȰ׵Һξ֮У
ڷ͹˽һ磬Ľ緹ţˡ
ֹض񡣡
ǳЦʿɳԹˣ
ţùš
ºһֱԼƣͷѸٰ˼ڷ˲ǣԱˣЩˣƹ˯
޼ôɫºмӣȥɡ
ˡ
ջſڵߣȻһ§סĽϵļ⧲һ飬еĿӸŵϡ
šü¡
ȱˡ𣬳ȥ
ĽһͻȻʲô񾭡
£Ǹʲô
ԣֱڴϣѹסӡ
ĽϴϿ
ִĺܣǿװ£㵽ôˣ
ʺ󡣡עΪζ޺ȵģ
Уֻǿµ˼һֱƹǱߣֻǲű¶ѡ
ԡ޾òǣ޾޲ôˡ
ĽЦ˵ôѽǳ檵죬ûɻУֻܲǳ檲¶±˵ûиʺӡ㻹ǵ»жʱ䣬Ϊ檰Դ˵СĿԡ
˵סĲµǻ˵檵Ĳǣն˵ʲôˣ
޽ƹŵʱʮԼܵίĽϹԱȣΡ
û뵽ǣܶ౻εĻ両ˮ棬ĻദĵһԺЩûϵ¾ۼһ𣬵һʶԭһʮ꣬Ĳ࣬Ҹ
ï϶Ľϵۣûʲôӣֱִ
ŮˣŻȫȫⰮ˵ÿ仰ﵽ˰˳
ԭľǿһֱȥģһָƻˡ
ѾʮûŮ̷ˣ̷УȻźӡ
ԣ
ⷢ裿
ɲź
̷ôûȥõסնűȥء
ʺ̷Ĳޡ
ĽһᷳһŰ߿
£Щͷʹ
̧ͷʹ࣬Ҫȥ̫ҽס󣬡£檲ҪģϢһ±á
Ա£ְͷ
ǰҲĽϵʱֻޱȣΪ޲
һ³ʮǰϵķɣеĹ͡
ʮ
Ľ³ʮھŻɽֿӡ
ڹ⹬ţ಻Զȴͭǽڡ
ʱ죬һȥˡ
˼ĽϽɷˡ
ֽʱڴͷʧ𣺡
Ѱ˸ͷܾ
û׼ʱˣкܴĿѾˣٶȵȡ˺ӣɳھ̷ܾˡ
Ըˣ罭ƽûл֮Ҳпҵˡ
ӵһصڣҲһңӻǳٵȸ¶ʮģӦþͲˣʱĻûлǾˡ
ûеõȷĽ֮ǰûȫС
ܹעûлϣ϶Ѿ֪˽ƽĽ˵𣿡
ּôʣ𣺡滰𣿡
Ȼˡ
ÿϣеҵİɣϾҪİѱ
˵Ҳǡ
ֿ΢΢üɫūûкӣϵҲܵġ
˵ˣûʲôĸ飬ҪԱû£
Ȼѹ֮ûкҲŮˣҲֻ˵˵ˣȫ
ڹȷַģһȥĽᱳʹ۾Ҳɡ
ţԡֱ˯ˡ
ֽΪҪϨƣߵǰһǰȥ˱µ̩Ҫ
ˣȥҲ˵ϻĽϴһǷְѵϨ˰ɣ˯ˡ
ǡ
Ľ˯ˣ֪˶ãԺˣΪ˰˻
΢΢ۣ谵ĹУ޵
ǼƹǱ߶еȼϢǴǱ߹ģ
͵͵ѵ˰ˣ
Ľ˯ȥ룬û˵ôţֱȵĺ
Ī˯ˣ˺һĻ˴
Ľϴ·ҹŮʣ˯ˣ
˯ˣȥԺߡ
ū澸𣿡
á
ʹһƬţƵĹڸ׺˽еɫ
Ľ֮£Ŀ⹬ķá


43

, Ѿͷ, ׼갢õķ͹ȥ, ˭֪ȵǣ˲ٶ
ѽ۾, ô¶أϴ裬̫ÿˣ׻ͼ
Ŀڷתõʲô
Ƕ£ūͼ򵥰Ѵϵı졭û˵갢ߵǰ, ǻôûˣ
Ҳ죬ⲻūǻˣΪǺɫ, ղûע, Ʋһˡ
򿪹, ǻľȻŽ档
ǰѶŵ÷ŵλ, ֮ǰɵĸ滻ˡ
Уһūһֱš
꿴, ʡ
˽ºػһˣ
һº˰ɣһư˺ˣǲã
Цŵͷ, Ҳԡ
ڴ£࣬𴲵˿ֶһӡ
ͦġ
Ȼ˫ûԧ죬ͷϷóɵԧ죬ϸֻѼֻ
Цʣ˭ôвѽ
϶쳵ġ
Уզɶᡣ
Цտ˵ˣǸˣŮӼһϸҲò١
Ժķиˡ
û׵¶ˣϲŮӡ㵣ֲһ䣬Ȼϲӣ鰮ʲôĲȤ
ǰֱҲûɻ飬ʱѾʮˡ
ѷĲ࣬˸Ҫȥͱס
ꡣ
һۣ͵Ц
ꣿ
е
عͷȥֻȰ״Ӿ߳
մ˺£ͦΣЦȵġ
ݼһ졣
⡭
û˵ǳǳһЦҪȥأȻݼһգǹ㲻ȥˣū澺ȥɰʳģΪ׼ˡ
˵ҡ
ʣˣûúܲڡ
վλʱĶҪˡ
Ȱ˫֣񶨶ꡣ
šһ㡣
ȾһϼûסһѽڻʵʮʮûʲôģʱĺҪ
˵
һ˵
£
ڲҪӣ𣿡
Ȱ״Ӧˬ죬˵ʲôʱҪʲôʱҪˣɵôӦңܲҪ
ʲôˣ
϶Ҫ
ǰǣ㲻ܹ⡣
ᡣȰҲ֪ڲʱк̫ðա
ĸ˵ܳȣԺ᲻С
۲ȡ
ҿȱͬˣ´󼪡
ôСӦ
ʲôð취𣿡
Ȱϵ˼䣬˵Եġ
ƿתһƬ
ӵסҸʧǸϣҸû˽ȥҲû㹩
ţعģ
Ȼġɣ˵һٻҲá
û˵ھͱס죬˵ʲôĪعѲɣ
ȰЦݿ䣬֪ǳɻûˣɹϺϻ
ǶϷ𣿡к˼Ľ˵Ļ޶ͬĲϽ𣬡ֻҪ޶ģҴӦԺ󲻻ᶯļˣȻǰǰ֡
⻰Ȱ׵İ˲٣á
˶ԣûɣ̫ദ
Ժֲסһ۲Ĳ˵ˣ𣿡
ʣ㸸ĸҪ֪͵ӡҳɻ飬᲻Զټҷ
ǰǸңڿɲˣҿɽˣڲǵĶӣƽǲǰΪˡ
꿴һӣ̿
ЦˣȰ׸Ц
ʲôҲûɣȴʱŷɿ죬֪͵硣
緹֪ү
˵ʲô𣿡
˵ү̴̳֣ܶıףḮȥ˲٣ֳһš
Ȱ׵ɫȥǰȰ˵粻ҪȥùˣɰҿɵȴѾˡ
Ҫʲôģ
ʲôá
˵ġ
Цͷ˵ġ
֪ˣġ
Ȱ쳻լĨĸϿæ˵Ȱף綼챻ǻСӴˡ
ֻ˾͸
ʲôʱˣ㻹˵һĸ첲տʼʱҾϲҪ˵ˣԼܻܵˣͷˣŲӳͣŴġ
ɩõȵܻܵǳصģΪʲô
ϱ߱˵˵㣬ⲻǿҪоſˣ˵ǿкĿԸɩ˵Ӳ׼ǹ˵ɩԼӻ˼ȳɩȻһһﳳˡ
ȰԶԣ˵ǳϢˣںԺô
Ҳ֪ԼˣⲻҲ𣿡
ô˵
ô˵ǸСݣͷѪˣСѡ
кθϵȰװ˼ҽˣҪ˼ţ
ҵ˼Сʹ룬ô֡
Сһģӵġ

ͣſڣżȰ׼Ժվ˲ҵϽϷݡ
˲ˣΨ˫ϥأͷһԲҲ
Ȱ׵ةǰԶվ˹֣ؾһκ󣬴ٶԴɩ֡
»أ
Ȱתͷïף˵
»ءïɿһḮ棬Ҽҷ͸һٿͷԡ
ҷة⣬Ҫ˵»أḮĽ͸ˣŮһҲ£Σ
ïû˵ϱҶдŮû㿴ҶӴʲôˣ飬㵱ŮǻƻŮļ޾Ҫ
ĸףȰɫ̳ȥ
ϱĿ⺧סˣһԼķïҲڵ˦һеŤȥˡ
Ͱ˵ģٶԶϱ֣Ḯï˵ֵ޹вĿİģĸ׳ɻôˣҲż֣ͬ
ة̨ף˵ǣӹӾŮСûҴ޵ҾҪҲŮˣ᲻顣
ǣͷٺúýѵΪϱ
ҵˣïٸһٱӣˡ
ףܵͷٶˣٰ˴ˡ
ʲôֵܵܶʱôվǸľ׮Ƶģ
㻹˵ï£һΪû£һġ
ŮĿ׼ӣٳϲдͣҸ㣬Ḯѽˣ㱻׳ʱ򣬸ҼǺˡ
ǣס

ײΡΡվϼ״һѣŮȥˡ
ϣͻҡ
ϣӦһûҲء
ôأ
ɩĸҶΪɩأҸలܣΪҳͷ
ïʲôͷ㻹ˣҪȡ֣úùӣô¶Ժء
鰴ӷˣϣ׷˳ȥ
ߵȰ׷סȱߡ
ʲô£
ƽɶ˵ˣ˼ŮģԺǿҪɻӵģô˼ҡ
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㹫æȵʮգǵ˵˵
˵˵
ĸӵƤӵ£
Ȱ׷ܵûлɣϾô˶ڡ
ҾǵλһЩ
ÿⰲš
㲻ùˡ
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ï߳ſڣ˵Ļ
ϼֻʣһŽ
֪ٲ˱˵̣׼˭֪ûڣһϺȲ裬Խ޶á
ү
ïû˵ѹûƵġ
ϲ˵˵
ֺһүҰ
ïЦһһ䣬ҵٻһ£
ɥ֪˵ˡ
ԴҰȢţ˵Ƕٻˣ˵᳤𣿡
ү˵ңǰ˵ᰤ𣿡
ïʹðѱˤˣ˫ֱֱˡ

ҹĻ£ĺȼ˺üʵ
ػȰѾڴˡ
·Ⱦһ㱡죬߽ŵ
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ô˵ˣ
ûʲô¡
ֽЬһһȡ£һŵڴ
Ϊ˾ƵԵʣȰ׸ĺá
ûʲô飬еһζҲʵ̸ʲôĵá
Щ·ı졣
̫ˣʧȥǡ
֪Լʱ˯ȥģֻ֪ʱѾ
ˡ
ʹ𣬡Ѿʱˡ
ôˡ𣬱ʹ࣬ôûң
֮ǰ⽻ū澣˯Ȼѡ
ʱߵģ
ʱ
׼ˮҪԡ
ˮأūȥ׼
ݽľͰ棬ͼŹٷȰ״ܵڽˡ
Ŀԣߴȥ
ûߣ߽ˡ
Ȱ׵ĺ󲱾Ȼĵͷ
̫ˣҽһʧ㡣
Žߵ쵽˲ӸˮҪˡ
úãҳȥǡͳһƿҩãҸˡ
ʲôҩ
ֹʹ

Ϣʱѵɿ죬ϴθ˾ȻûӮҲûܶ࣬˵ǹ
ѵսҪߣ⹬ڵͨ
ˣҪ
ң˹ˣ£Ӧ£õģϹȥ
֪Ȱ֮ⲻھƣ˵ͬȥһҪˡ
벻ɣȻͷ
ǹȥʱ򣬷ͬȰ˵ƻס
黹ûҪߵ˼Ȱ׵ˡ
к̫á룬ˣ˵¶϶ҪȥԷһԸ緹飬ôʱߣ
ûµģ߰ɡ
ǶˣһԵ̫ǹˡ˵ʲôҲߡ
Ȼȵ뵽ǰʹкûҪߵļ
ܣʲô£
жʱû㣬һԸ˳Ů
ͻĹܳˣȻܾУһƹѺӴˣ˵Ҫ㡣
뽲
꿴̴Ůȥʮĵط
Цǿδʲô»
ŮСƽЦˡ
ҿˣҪ
Һ˱糣ûһ
뵽Ȱ׶Լ䵭Ȼ࣬δ޶ûʲôЦ˵ˡ

44

Ůʱ, ͻδ, ȰףĸŮһ᲻᲻̫㣿
Ҹһ𡣡Ȱ׽Ů
˵, ȳˣȥŰɡ
, תȥ
صƹֶղֹ˵ʺȥ¡
£ôȥ
бһﲻǱޣֻȥһ¾մʦ
Ͳȥѵˡ
ԡ·ùȥ˷͹
ĸ󣬿ʲôϲ£
ĽüҼĿڲס, ðˡ
ȻûýƽȷǷУ˷ӦϾ, ֪ڵĸоġ
, ȻҲϲ, кܳһʱûмԼĸôĵЦˡ
ǰµ·, ĸŮ˶һľɣЧ, һɱȣ˵رŻᱻߵ˵ıȥ
Ľ, Ȱ׾Ҫˣ֪
ˣ겻֪ûŰ
Էʱ˽±㸸֪ˣ˵ҪְȰλĽЦӯӯְ֣䣬ƷԱˣһֵλãԺǰ⵹ĸˣҪúøɡ
֪ˡ
꣬ȰײףϾΥԸΪ£ҪЩ
ЦͦõģĸΪܵĶã˭ѽ
Ľס֣ĸãȻҲϣܵĺ÷ãԴԹ޻ڵΪʱ˵Ҫ󲢲࣬㿴Ϊ㸸ʸʲôˣĸҰﲻæԼҲﲻ㸸ʲôæ㸸ʲǸԸΪĸǰڲŻȻȻϣҲס
˵ĸ޵˲Ǹʣһӣǰ˺׷ߣҲˣҪЧĸ̹𣿡
ⲻ˵Ȱ𣿡ĽЦҵĶӣӵԣ治ͦ𣿸ǰûʲô飬ƾʲôҪվǱߣ㣬ΪıԼȥӵ̫ӲġҲѵÿɹĵط𣿡
Ľ뵽˽裬޺ĸӵ׷ߣֻҪԺıȥƽϴǰû塣
ĸ󵽵ĸıȶͨ͸
¶Ϊʲô׷ĸӵЩˣΪʲôѡǶǣ㸸ʵĸϣĸӱǸץסģǵﳤ̣ǵĲ㣬ܸá
ʣǸˣĸԭ𣿡
ĸһߣ㸸ѾߡЩ׷߲һǷˣĸԶԭ Ľ۵΢΢ǣȶԲǵģҲҪģܿˡ
ͷļϣĸָ񣬶øˣܺúûţڶ̫ߣĸ
ĸֺγأĸֻҪ̫ܺúûš
ŵǰǱϻλ
˾£մʦӭȥסԺڡ
᷿ڣֻͬڣ
մʦЦ˵˴θʩȥŮǰʵƶɮҪԶˣٱǰһ档
ĽʣԶУʦҪȥδ
Ժδغδȥ
ĸŮһǡ
֪ĸԼǾմʦ˼
ʦǵõɮܾõġ
ԭǱڻľãƶɮΥӦá΢ЦţҲ޷˭ƶɮǷһ飬ûҪ
⻰һ
էȻԼػһˡ
ѵܻģ
ʦеˡ˭
֪ԭίĽźͿʦ˵һЩ
ʩʮѮ棬˰λǣһȫˣҲűˡ
Ľ˿ʵԣΪʵͰ
ʦɷ˭
ǣߵ˭˭
Ľһۣ˵ҷ
մʦĬϣΪƶɮ⵽˳ͷϳȴҲƶɮʵĲ̣Ƕλر
ʦ뽲
쿪ʼ꣬ȥκһҲȥǵһ㡣ڶ㣬κʳѪѼѪ֮ģմ㣬ʱʼһֱ֮ǰ׼߶ֻҪڴŶɡƶɮûжҪԭǵ֪ûã˻Ǳܣɸ֪
ĽСĵʣʦΥˣʲô
һΪ˸ԼĴۡ
飬Ҳ˵մʦûж˵Щþˣ
ʦĽϼմʦ۾һ
̽һ£Ѷ
ĸ󣬴ʦԲˡ

ع·ϣĽϿʧǵĲ֪ʲôοȻ֪ˣûµģţ
ĸ֪ʲôʱΪ𣿡
ҲʮʮѮ֮䣿ʱǲʶû治һϲ
ҡͷĸ֪Ȱײ׶ĵˣӺȣĪҪ˵̶̼£꣬ҲδػԶǷ˼
ѵڰ֮ǰǾʶܾˣ
ۿ죬ͻȻʧʹޣĸиڶüˣҶκ˽վմʦȻ˵¸֪ҲͲˣŲţҪ˵֪
ǰһμȰ׵ʱ˵𣬰һһʮ˵ĽֱԼʮƹ
Ľ棬ֹµı˵Щ֣벻ȴѾˡ
ֲöһˣȻΪԲǰ㲻ͬˣԭʲô֪ΪʲôǰûˣҲܲԶһ˿һϲǰһգȥüȥġ
ۼһΪʵ˵Ϊ֮ˡĽʱ̫ĸ㸸ʶˣ˸ҲûˣĽû䡣˵ӹϵԣϣԮܻӵǻ꣬û㣬ĸ󶼲š㣬Ͷǰкܳʱ䶼ɸϵΪʲôûУںӵ£ĸܡ
ܣ
һû˵ʵǰ˵ġڶȰҪҪǸӣȰײ˵ҪҲһξҪɱ׾٣һͳ֮Ϊģĸòıģ֪ͺãĻҪȶǰ¶֪˵󲻾ҲɥǾմʦеϳ͡ЩĸƲ⣬ʲôҲֻԼ֪ˣӦøĸ˵ҲĶȥ
֪ǲǵԣĻඥĸо
ĸ󣬶ʼеˡ
ʲô
һμ޸
ĽдЦͷĸûۣİ㽻ȰˡĸŮǶء
ĸ⻰ҪβͶ̵ȥ
¶ǧٸ֪Եˣ̫Ҳ˵һ׵ڶ
Ȼø֪ҲˣͲɶ˵Ǽٻ𣿡
ʲôϸһʮѮǰܶ¶мѭϾմʦĻԲţĸǧȷ¡Ľ뵽մʦĶֻǣȥвЩʳﵹð죬糯ЩѰ죬Ȼÿ³šʮŻжʮֻ糯첻ȥˣǹԱȥ𣿡
а취øʶ糯˵Ȼصڣĸȥʣٽ辻մʦ֮ڣ˵ʴ˻ͽʮһĹԱδʴˣñӹ̩񰲣Ψһȱǲ븸ֱӱֱˣһؾմʦȥġ
ĽϾⲻã㸸ʶȰ׸ӡ
Ҳôġ
ˣĸ㣬ǳЩӵǻкܴı仯𣿡
Уϻλʼƣة࣬࣬ǽ飬飬ʵȨƱߡ񲿺ͻ黻ˣƷµҲ˲١
ĽʣȢ𣿡
ϸһ£ûУ黹޵ģһֱûȢΪѻˡ˵ͷԼø棬ûɡ
ĽϵǳЦǰЩгкת
ͣڻʹڣ˴Ľ϶̧ķȥ̧Ľ
ƺƵ⹬ĹϣĽϾЩżһ档
кóʱûмˡ
Ȼձҿ϶ܿҪȶʱ
Ҳ飬ƼӰ
ŹٷةͬУˣɢֵʱ䡣
ûԼĽջֱǰ
̧ۿʱɫ࣬Ȧ죬ǲǰտ޹
̲µǺûϵԵʡ
Ҫǻָôģ⸱顣
ûϺӹȻǺã˰ѱ㲻УҲҪЮ
ɲûеǰˡ
ҲЦ
ȺȫȥةֵսԵ˵ڱÿ춼ȥƹλ˲١
𣿸£
ةڨڨһЦǲʲô£ҲӶ˵ǵ۹׼š
費ÿɷ񣬳˹Ͻӣͷźɫף˳˼
˼Ժ󣬷ϼһɫʣʲôˣ
Ϊʲôôʣ
үܲġ
¡
ϸʢЦûһʮҳ̡
ĩˣ½ӻףĸ˵ǽ˶̫ˡ
ɻ飿
Ųأĸ˵Ȣ޻һľҼĸҲǶˣ˵ɣҶʮˣҪСģ˵ȥҪ˼Цˡ˵ˣӣĶ˶أ
ЦĸȻöˣ㸸ʮǰ˵ӸոպãҪҪӣӶˣֻ赣Ц
סҪ϶Ĵ𰸣ǲ˵ǰ㰡Ҫ˶Բԣ
ûѻ˵ԺԺ˵
ºͷϻ࿴һۣףĴҼĸˣ
ü˵Ժٽʳ޲Ըôô໰
Ʋˡ
ʱ˵ҲҪĸĸûˣǶԾ͸ĸһĸҪɫӶѹ
̧ۿ˭Ҫ㵱ĸ𣿡
Ů˼ǸԺ󶼴ɲŮ˽ţǵһֱƽ˳ȥŮ޺ÿλĸҶǸҡ
۵͸һĨΣ˼ǼޣȫȨҶֻǸʲô
Ҳǲܣһʲôءоô˵ô˺к
ûкھΪĺ
ޱ飬һ˿˵ˡ
Сܻҡ
Ӧ¡
˷䣬ϴҪޣܵ𣬡ףҡ
ڴߣ
Ƚ£ʣôô
ƽȥˣ˵Щ
𣿡
ܻأڣƹҲˣһһȻ̡
ţ⼸ȥй𣿡
ޣϻذѹ󣬻ʺûҸˡ
һȥϢɣͽ
ٴ·ţķϼ״ʣүҪ𣿡
ȥ˯ˡ
˸ۣߺĸһȥˡ
Ǿ⣬ô£ǲԸ⣬ٰܾ
ǰʱľãҲҪźʱ¿ɺãֱ
ǽ̬֮Ⱥء
˻ʹϲֹ˲
֪ںţԴӱĽϰ󵽾ŻɽȥĶע⣬˵ʵϵָΪﲻ˿̣û˵ʲôֻ۱ֻˡ
ڹֱȥ̩
֪Ľû⣬û⣬ٻЩʧ䡣
ʱ亰ҪΪĵܵܽιλ֮¡
˼ýȰ׵λ֮λ費ͬ⣬ֱԱʾǷ˵ǰľƣ˵ܽǵ̰Ӱ죬ֱӸƷλƱػ˵Ĳڲ׵
ƴӦҪܵܣ治֪ôģ飬һλƷְٰѿճλø޾ҲС
ȻƷƷµĹ٣ʵģȫԼͲǵĵܵܣ±˵ʲôýȥ¡
ʲô˼ȻףǾԼǳ˵ʲô
̩뿪Ŀ⻷һȦš
ԷʱקһŸ䡣
迴˭ŵĶҪˡ
⡭
ĽϱסҲ˵ֻôš
ͷߵôˣ
Ļ̌ͷڲԶ·ϻƵĹӳ£е֮ɫ
ǲһϺӡ
δ˵¶һЦҲҪʧˣѾܳʱûˣоˣýܸϲˣǵýܰʱǰ˵һҾû̷ˣôһɣ֪𣿡
ʹͷ
ûϿţĽϲ죬Ầµ˯𣿡
ᣬ׼
⵹û뵽Ľɿ֣߰ɣҲҪȥˡ
Ҫһߺס֣ĽϻͷʣΪοˣ


45

һůĽļ, ˵ʱп
ûʲô, ֻ뵽޸ɵЩˡ
ΪΪûϺӡ
˵, С˿һ
ĽߵҪû, 𣿡
費֪Ĳ֪
𲻳Ľ̿ƸŵãһӶˣ
뵽ھŻɽ˵ĻҪûҪة
һ˵ôˣ
ֻ˵һ, ҲһһˣҸ˭һ𡣡
ס, ˰ĸ, Ļ̌ͷĿ, 
ΪҪ˵ʲôʱ, ʲôû˵ֻǰ˻
*
Ȱ׿źϲʤ
겻佱, ף١
˵һЩĵĻֻҪͬһһ㵹Щ벻ס
ˣˡ
Ҳʲô˵¡
ү, ʱ򻹶˹Ļ
ʲô
˵ϳȥ죬ʱ֮ڼҲ׼šЦЩţүɻӸоɶܡ
ⱻܣ뱻ܻû˹ءǲ̫ˣ
룬첻˻أ
Ȱף
үûа취ùӹأͿһˡ
а취ˣڴҿûޣܳӹ⣿
ү
Ȱ̧ƴһ
ҿӣ𣿡
նһÿ챻ǲæתĶȥһ𣿡
ȰҲǣԼæʱ䡣
Ҫĸ׸޽ܼ
˰ɣ·˽ܵŮӸһӡ
ôȻ̫˵Ǹ˶Ҳߵġ
ʣΪβѰ˵أ
Ȱ׸˵У֪֮һ¡
ǰԱӵ¹־
һڹദôʵڲ̿䱻š
ʱѾڹˣȰȻȥ꣬ҲϾʱ֤ȷ䣬ȥǻᱻĻʹֻȥ׷˵˷غһߣû뵽;Ͳˡ
ɹȥ˱֪ѶϢ쳵۾ʹΪβ̰ʬ״أõĴǲ֪òôأٵȵȥʱʬѱԪһˡ
Ȱϸһ룬ѵһֱȢΪ
ϲ𣿡ֱʡ
¾Ӹദ
ϲϲΡϲԪԪˣͱˣȻԺС޾ԡ
Ԫѿڶϲϲ
ǵһ˵ڣȰֻøѵá
ʲôӣˡ
ʲôʱʼϲģ
̫ӵջȥ·һԱߣȻûô˵Ժ¿ʼעˡ
찡Ȱ𻹾ԼЩۣһƲûΣ˵أȥԱȥôûڣԭ֮ļ졣ûô˵ԱһͶˣĶʲôʱôˣ
ү˼˵أԱ°ԺĴμŹǻ˻ǿװ򶨡
ȰӣаɣͲʡ
ռ棬Ұʡ
үɲҪ˵ʵģҲҪ߹ǰȻԺ»ߣ
Ȱ׺Ц˵ͱⵣǵˡԺҿ԰Ǵദᣬܴܲ˼ҵģҲֻԼûˡ
лү

⹬ɳ˱һ
ɳܴ񺮶£ʵ
ڵٹ嶼ͣڶ࣬߱ЬȡȸָıˣŮӸ
Եıʹͣѡí˾ΧȤζмӡ
˼ȴȫ棬ĿȺƶţʼûƼȰĶ
ȻдŸˣЩģٶ䡣
ðȥλãܿ찢λþԶɽܽأҪ˵Ҳû취
һһʱĽ˵ĸ󣬶θЩϳԶ಻ȥߡ
ȥɡ
ͷŰ뿪λ
ƻԶЩĽҲߣʵңΪûһʺĸ
쵽ɽʱлӹսǴ档
лһЦ񣬡ĩ
лض񡣡
Ҫȥδ
ߡأ
ĩ˵빫һߣ𣿡
ţлĻѡ
л˫עûɫˡ
𣿡꺬һЦǳԺ˯ü鲻ԵʣȥǱ߿лԱ㡣

ţ
лѹ˵ۺʱεأҪעԼİȫ
ݸͷģллѡ
лĿԶսȭ쿪Щ⡣
˵˼ɽߣԶƣֻȰ׵λøĺܽмϣûİţҹľ벻˽
లŵһϷⷽĹﶼ˵ҪӲһĥ˭ء
ӻϹŰˡ
ﲻҲǱôūЩĸ˵ġ˿ū澣֪ڸġ
ţȥɡ
ж죬ȥҴңֽסĵȥ˷浣Ȱһۣʱʲô
һλ뿪ˡ
ɽһխĹսǣպվ治ױ֡
Ͱͳȥ˱𴦡
˹̶ÿμ棬ʱһѡ
й̶Ѿˡû£д»𣿡
úء
ʱ󲻳ţǰҲܳš
Ȱֹһıӣ֪ˣܼšҺñҽ겻糯ȻܳӦ㡣
ɲҪң˵һҪ
Ȼġ
֮⣬һһҪ󣬾ʲôҲȥ̶ּ֣˵˵ЩӲ֪һЩҡҪǸҾͰͷš
ȰЦĸء
Ӧ𣿡
ܲӦ𣿲ȥ
⼸ȥˣȿڹȥ
Ȱ׳ɣҸײͬ⡭
û£취ָӵ¸ɣͳˡ
Ǿͷˡ
ȫӦȻ˿ͼ¶˵ǰϲˣ¼ҵ
ȰɫԽţ˭˵ģ
զˣ
֣°
Ȱ׵ЩǶйʵϲûж̹׹Ҳûһ
û̹ûü̹׾ͱųɻˡ
֪ġ
ʵǺĺô¡
˵ȰֵȻʶܾˣϲеҲͳ˰ʱ䣬ҲʮΣҲϲΪʶ㣬ʶ֮ǰͲϲˣϦϣھײԼҶǣ֣ܴñһ˳һֻŻƣûиˡ
ڵķ
ţ˵Ǳ˽ܵģʶˣŮҪӣҲֵ˵ʲô
Ǽǵ޸һֱûӣ˲Ż˲֪˭ĺӡ
ԺҲá
Ȱ仰ûסЦˣ֪
΢΢һЦʲô֪
ʲôˣ˭ģ֮϶ģĸԣǴȥϷ
ҲǣԵˡ
걧סĿڴ
εºֵ
ô
죬֪Ϊͦģôˣ
ոҸɻûʱӴŮӣ͵ˣ˵Ż¡ȰоѾͷú𣿡
˵Ǻʣֻˣ˵֮ˣûԸ
ȱᣬദĻῴô
˵ͷ
Ȱ׼˵ԵĸֻСèƵģͷһ̡
*
һĽϻ˷͹
£檿˸˲ˡ
ôˣѯʣﲻ
ǵǣºˣһûˡ
뵽ƽ̷᲻ϲˣ
˵ʲôأǰйһλУôء
û̫ҽ֪ôЦŴȥ롣
ҪûпɾЦˡ
ҪûУ޻֪̫ҽ˵˲֪ġ
Ľˣ»᲻᲻ҪϾڼǸѾʮˡ
Сģֱˣǣʮˣʮһ𣿡
ܺܿĽϰѹ¹򣬡ϲϲˡ
׼һ̣Ľͷʯͷ¡
޴ϲһĴȣ˵˼ãԺʹʺкˣ
ر£ǧȷ廳ʱҪ²ܾ׼ʱ䣬ƶһˡ
ǰƽû𣿡
ǵģŮбеĻϳֵЩеĻ㣬ʱǲٵġֵ£һֱڵЧ⣬ԭķӣҪˡлѪڲܹʳҩʳſɡﳣ飬˼ŭԱ¡
޵һͷ˽ܲٶ
˺˵ʺ󣬲Ľ̥޻ʱ̽㡣
Ľһ㶣ΪʲôҪĸ̥
Ȼܲ⹬Ϊʲô
ⲻȷ˳ºĸңҲȹҪá
ĽûЦݣ˵Ӷڹ˳£Ͳˣıӣ˭Ҷ檰֣˵ĺΪβĸȥ̥żĸʡףסĸһΪ檵Ļʺ֮λͬͬϺ󣬳檲ҲԸ
ʲô˼֣ԸͲأû˱Ҫء
Ľϼһ˿Цݣǳ檸ȣǱ¸ǲͬĴ֪Ϊһк󣬳檾֪ԼЬ䣬檵ĶŮݽ棬ȣ
޼ĬƬ̣ͷ֪ͺãҪΪ˾еͬ˵
ĽЦˣ˵ˣֻǿſڣ֪ڿʲô
һԵּ״ӷᡣ
˵ǻеڣ˵ڣˮա
ʺ㲻Ҫ㲻𣿡
ĽϲӦĻ
ʺ󣡡
ˣذɡ
˵⻰վӱۼֿһѱסӾһʺ󣡡
ֻĽɫף۾ûʶ
ָϽȥ̫ҽ
˲֪ȴõģĽǰĿڷ̾¹Լϴλ赹ûзҩƣҩԺӰ죬ʱ򻹲֪Ƿϣ˼ɡ
Ľϱϴλ赹ҪʱѾˡ
ﰲĳ棬ֺֻͽܶڡ
ˣһĽһ˵̫ӵº͹ˣǰǻȥȣū˸Ǳš
˵£ǽعˣ
ǣֻǱǱߣ
Ҳ˵ǡ
ڼȲ뿴
ֳȥˣܸĽϰѹ˵ѿҩ޺һҪʱá
ͷӦһá
ͣһ鿴뿪մڹڳ
£ɫأĿдŲ
סǰɻڴˣ
㣬ôôų
ͬһߣ˵ʺòѣҵٻء
Ǹϴλ赹ԭһ𣿡
һԭѪ飬һԭǼĵµĻʡ
Ųһ٣ʲôԵû
ǰһ赹ǰΣ˵ˣ䲻֪ʲôԭ򣬵˵ˡ



46

ˣ
ް, Ҳ֪ôǰҩ, Чܵ, ϲˣҩˡҸһЩºͲĲҩ, 
ӦǵûЩҩ
ôһ˵ʱȻ򣬡ֲã˵г̲ʳɫǱǰһЩ
Щģúø
ӦһףЩΪΡ
ûĻش, Ҳû˵ˡ
˹ӹһӣſ˵֪Ǵ, Ժ˵˵, ˵һֶҪ˵, ЩǴȥ, һ̵ֱУġ
֪ˡ
Ӷ˻صó˸Ͻѷȶ˹, ү߯ˡ
Ƚæܻһ¡
Ϊʺϲεһ£
ܲ죬֪ôʹ𣿡
ҸġЦձһɢ˺󷽹ȥ, ͬĸ˵¶ʱˣǾͶ֪ˡ
£ʣôû˯
Ů˯ųߣ֪״ˣˡ˵ţ¸辯ʾף֪˽ôۻʺϲεһµģ˵ʺﶼһ˻ҪӣԺһţʶı뵱ĸ
˼ԣϣԼĸΪ䣬ý˵游
ܼɫ΢Ŀӻʺʮ꣬һˣЩŮӵеķţ̸ʲôãʺﶼ̸ˣǵ󡣡
ûʲô쳣ֻ˵ҹϵأʲô˵áڴ翴ʮ껹𣿶õĸĸˣѵʵ𣿡
ѯʣʮУ˽Ҳô̸𣿡
ǵûУҶ˵ٶϲǸ֮
Ŷһʮ껳һͣʮ껳оǸ֮ⲻǿ²𣿡
ֻ˵ʺﲻģԵ̫ˡ
۵ɣ
ŬŬ죬֣ʲôάʺʲôô𣿡
£Ҳʡȥǿڻ
ϴԲ˺ˣô£ôΪˣ
²ӽɨٵסСļס
Ϻͽ뿴ȥֻȻŽ£ҲܽЩпĻǹΪ֮˵˿ڣҪ֪Żʼҵĺʲôӽûҵ׼óһȥҹã죬һʱ١
µ¹ģҲΪ˵ûүˣþͲع˰ɣ»С
ûĻֻ˰Ůߡ
ҲûԼھͻ˷䡣
һ·ȥү´ˣ˵ˡ
ƽʱԼɣһۣߵĲ֪ߵغ񡣡
ֲǼҺǾ˵ģ֪أҲ֪ѺͼǰЩ
費˵ЩȥɣҪЪˡ
ûȨǰһѱס
⻹ǵһΡ
үױź㣬º𣿡
ɤŲ죬ȥҪ˵顣
֣վֱӺһΪʲô
Ҳ𣿡
ˣü͸Σ鱾Ͳãһָѩϼ˪
㻹֪檣ĸ׻ŵʱҲ㣬ǲû;ʸҪҪˣ
֪үԣǰٲҲ㣬ⶼˣ
ⷽίˣǵʵ޷⣬Ժⷽ滹ܸίڷɣʮҲΪҲ˲٣һլӣٸ㹻ӣӿʱҲΣ
Ͽ棬类ˮͨһ˫ϥǰ߶£үҴˣҲˣߣүˣүĹ
𣬡ҸˣѡҪôԺͲҪ£ɼסˣ
ϹԹԵĵͷסˡ
ȥ˺󣬽ڴϾþòߡ
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磬ȥƹһãеѯʣôƲֵģ
֪𣿡
£еòУαΪֵ¶أ
ֵ¶ЦС𣿡
ҪҳߵĲֱֻҪµ㣬йǱٶຢӣʲôãú˩סµģҪ˩סôûأ
Ҫļε˵ʲãܲδ֪
ɫ˲٣ߣ¸ɫͲ֪Լ˭ˡ
ЦЦ˵ǡñ벻йϲ»ߡ˵ڹˣƵģ֪Ȼʺʺ󡣡
ҲǰһλֶȲ
úα˵λô˲֪ѵ֪û㣬ʲô˵ԼĿƽ·²̷ֱڱһҲûټһ졣
Ӧöȥ͹תתµĿԴЩ
֪ܸĻ÷˵У˭֪ڳƹܣȥ͹⹬ſתƣմմõĹôһء
⻰ȻһЦˣ˵ţˣŰɡ
̾˿һжõĸû㣬ָѰ˹һֱʣļء
ȥѹɣȱ˲ܼˣ
ϲѣߵȥˡ
ʱԶƹȷҲЩûСŮˣ˵㡣
Ц˵ģ쳳Ҫ£ǽ⣬˹֪ʲôʱܼأ
ǣս£̫æˡ
֪дʣȥ͹ƹʱ䣬ȥǶûʱ䡣
ѯʣ£ʺôˣ
Ӧû£޻ûȥȥ
ԣ飬Ȼű¾ȥɣ
Ѵڷ͹Ȼ˷޻бæ
ʣʲôʱȥĸﰡս۰Ͱ͵ĸͶ춼ȥء
ĸŷءܷʾͻȥˣţ
÷һʱűĵ˸Ժӡ
Ӹճǻ޵ɴˣô嶼岻סǱȥ˱ڻֹסġǸ̲סЦһαƵģСģΨָˡ
һ̫Сˣͷ̫Сࡣ
ⶼֳ檻ڼ£úӸƫƫ̥£ĵĺӳ᲻
ô᣿ӳǰڲҲúõģЩ˼롣
װ޲ӹǲ˾õҲġ
Ц˵ԣòصǣ֪»ǲǵĻӳʱģҲСĺܣڳ࣬˭֪ԵԸȥˣѳ檸ѽ
Ѳǵˣȥʱ˲˵Ҳ࣬ܶǵôС
Ҫ˵ĻĽʱ
һۼװֵСĶҪڻˡ
ֳкӵϲãǺܶصġ
ܵ˵ǵá
СӴҴææʣʲôˣ
ر£±̫ӵ´ˡ
ʲôʣ˵𣿡
С֪𣬡˵۾ΧˣѪˣӦͦصġ
£˳
ˡСӣʲôԭ򶯵֣
λִΪʲôūҲ֪
޲Ҫס£Ƕ˽еһ֪ʵ뿴Ρ
деĿ⣬޴Ӧˡ
ȥ޽й
ūּ
СӺ˼תȥ졣
ȵһǰһСͨǰ㣬Ʋᡣ
˾Ϻúõģû˿ˡ
˵ֹ֣Ȼʹŵ˾̫ӺιʰӴ

ԷûУҪͨߵŮӯӯӣҪڡҺñʱֲŵԾ¡Ϊ¶˵˻ּ䣬߳ŭԶ֡
˾⣬ʣʵѪˣû£ҲȶԶ֡
ȶ֣أ
ʵ֪ܲϰʲô䣬Զֻʹȴٺۡ
Ц𣿡
̲סߣ£̫ڽƱ磬˴˵˵ͨ
ʣ̫ҽ
ͬ⣬ȥ̫ҽвûнܣظԷˣλֵ̫ҽ
ˡ
˾һûλ̫ҽھһ£˵ˡ
ޱ͸ϲԣ˾˵̫ϳȥʮ
˾ɺ죬ʣԩģ
Ļ޴˿һֶţƹִУ٣Ÿʲô
ǡ
̫ǸϽ׼̵ļһ

ĽϢʱ̱㳯ƹϣ˺˾Ѿſ̳ϲ£±ѪȾ
˫ֱĵ˵̫ߵŮӯ˴Ĳᣬ⻹㣬Ӷʵ÷޸ոմ
Ľϼ˾ǰָҰ׵絶ʡ
ǿֱӶ˵ɤ̧̫ض
Ӧ£Ѹٰ˾̧ߡ
Ľϸںһͬˣʼûһۣûͬ˵һ֡
˿ҩλ̫ҽ뿪ĽϲһԣԱߵء
ȵٰʣʺ̫ҽ̫ҽ˵𣿡
Ľϵͷ˵̫ߵ̫ȴ˵̫ˡ֪Ժʹֻ˵ʵǣ㡣
ܳ˼Ƭ˵̫ӵ˲ᣬʮ𣬽ܲ˵
лл㣬̫ҽԺڶ࣬ǿҩҷ̫ʹã̫ӱԱ̣λ̫ҽﲻʵָҲֻнԺʹˣͷԺʹ̫Ӻúҩˡ
лýܳɷˣⶼǳӦģҾӹ
Ժʹɷﱾһæ
뽲ǡ
Ľϳ֣
ǰĽϵĻ˵ͷǣʵｻĻת
ѵ¶˿Ц⣬ˡ


47

ܴӶ̫ҽԺ, õҩֺ, ȥ⹬š
ƳЦʣԺʹӿˣ
еҸ, 𣿡
档
ߣ账ķſ, š

赹Щ⣬Сܣ
ܽڹ¶Ľˣĩ˰ĽϵĻת˵̫ӵ±ݺԼһᱻͼӴ״ȥ̫ͣӵ´㲻ã˻Ƹ⣬ϣܰæӰ졣
ȥ, һῴŰġ
ܸҪֱסú壬עⱣů
ǡ
ܽû˵ʲô, , ܰ׶ԼĶϸȥһ, 뵽ڸ׵һЩ˽, һŵĲԾȻԺ
ڹ⹬б𣬾ܲԶȴҲܷСԼҸ˽, ܾҲΪ֮ûǸҪ
뵽йĴʲô, ܾȫˡ
λԼĸ׸Ͻ
ʲôֶϵģһ·ǰʱͻȻŲס
ʱ򣬽֪ΪʲôҪԼǰ˵ˡ
ûȷϣô룬ô¡
Ȼ޷͡
֮йôģڽô
ĸףְ취ðѱΪһգѶȴܵеҪôͷûС
ôıǣƣ
ڣҲûпйʲôԵĲԹޣмӡ
Īǡ
ܼǰУ˶Ĵš
ѽĻԭⲻһֲ˵Ľ
ˡ
ˡ
ǰûϸϸ濴˿Ľ˫۾ˮɫӨʵ䲻
˱Գܵĥѣ޿ࡣ
ùȥţԼδԷأԺʹ⣬Ȼط͹
˳ֵĻ˵Ϊأذɡ
Ľϵͷ˷͹˷ڴϡ
ֿ䣬С˵̫ѹˣ̫ӵ»ġ
ڹؼʱֻ̫ӣ֪̫ܲҽԺ̫ҽ˭ˣװģΪԼܹʣЦȻһҪͷǸֻ̫ӡĽϻҲǣ̫ӵοЩˡ
ģڶ˵Ѿ˽ڽǳ֮ǰ˽ε֤𣿡д⣬ﶨȻ벻ҵ¶ֹһ׮ܵûٷ˽ˣǰѵһʹ𣿴Щ֤ݱʱ򿴱»ô˵
˽ҵҪôǸýΪµƷλöûȾҪ׵·ˣȽץˣҿЦЦĳ
ֵͷǣж⣬ܿͿ޵жң˵Ҫڱǰһ޶ϵˡ
ĽЩڴˡ
ˣæڹµһƣĽڳԷ£æΪ׼ꡣ
Ľͣʺ𣿡
ֺ֪һأ
޽̫ӷ´޳ʹ𣿡
檶Դ˵ʲô𣿱Ϊǿ϶ǶԵģʡ
ҪʣͲ˵ˡ
Ľ糣Ǳô˵ʣ̫ǳģʲôĺӣû˱ȳ檸檶ԼĺӴʡ
ԼĺӴʣȻ⻰ͬ㵱̫ӻǴǰǸ̫𣿡
ǰ̫ӣĽֻúЦѾڱ𣿡
ʺԼ˿Լ֮ˣʲô˵ˡ
ԼУ¿˵ЦµĺһĲֵĺӾˣĽһĨЦ⣬Ҳвֽ֪˶ã񲻹һһˡ
ĬˣҲûߣôš
ĽϳԱ¿ȥϴһûޣ˾δû˯
ֽ˵ˡ
һ˿ϡ
ȵҹ˾ûѣĽ۾ˣȰ˵²˯¡
˯Ҳû˯ã컹δԶˡ
ֱʱŴϢ˵˾ˡ
һ̣ĽϵĲ¡
ȥ˾кתڳԱ͹ռ䣬ˮҲûС
ʮϣץһ̸۲ֹ
Ľڷ͹Ժڳɹ̫ػػ㱨š
Ѿ˴£÷ȥ̩ˡ
Ů̩վһʱҲûýȥ
˽
ֵ˻Ľʣʲôչˣ
ûʲôչˣ˾̩ûִսϸﲻǵע⽭˵Ķʱﻹȷûлϡ
ţϻؾŻɽ˸ˣ
ͳ⣬ūæĸ磬ū澻㱨أ˵ȥǱߵһլԺŵǸòˡǵ˵ȥ·رСģǾȽԶͱˣ
ĽһЦ֮Ϊ棬˲ҪעĶˡ
Ѿȥˣʮֲ⣬𣿡
²ǺͿˣֲޣ⣿˵ˣҪЮΪ̫Ӱ£Ѿίˣ޹ʲ˼ҵ˽£̫ˡ
ֲý˸һλң滹͵͵ء
Ľϼֲ֣ǮȨĸﲻټŮˣҲϡ棬˵Ѿܳʱˡ
˵꣬ӳվݣȥ˯
ˡ
ûθڣԡ

ةһɢֵ͵ſڵȽ衣
Цеǰһ֮
Ƥ䵭飬𣿡
ּ֮˲ǣةŵľƸǺþƣԼ᲻úȵģˡ
һˣҲϲƣֲǲ֪
ة׷ĽŲҴ˻֪ҲðڲƭȥΪãոͷţƵľ֪æĲģǸŮӻ˵ĹĸܵģƢãֻǷȥˣûʲôء
˵û˵ҪܣôҲһȦ˸Ƶĸҽܣ
ⲻǹ𣿺ĵ¿ηΣǰֻܾ˵ĴΪûˡ
һԼһ㻹ңϣǵһΣҲһΡ
ة֣ҷģ²Ϊ˰ɣ
ɫͣ⻹ࡣ
ȥҸϳԸ
ȥæ˷ûţ֮ǰҪ̫ˡ
ة̾˿þ˹
˲ͦܺȵģȡ
ˣڵµһ̳غþѾ͵ˡ֮㲻ȢҲãҪȢģ
ᣬ۲Ϲ

˸յֿ洫һף
תֻܼѵ׼ʱɢֵ
˽ӣʽ˵ȥտһЩ˵û緹ƺ鲻á
һѺΣѵ
ôû緹
˵ûʲôθڡ
δ˵ˣֻľһš
£նҹ
˷ϴٳţͷѾˡ
ɢֵٻأ֪ͨ
ͬط
ŵ˾ͼʱһͶȥЪϢˣЩ
Ϩƴӷʱ
Ƥȴ˯ŵ⹬ߵǰУ֪ߵڹڡ
վעѹرյĴá
*
ůʺ򣬷ƽ֮ѱϣߴԱߵˣȥѵϨˡ
Ȱͼϵı£ȴ
Ц˵ȥ¾
ڱЩȥ˾Ű¶
ܿˣΪˮ
Ϩ˺ԱߣԼĸ첲ͷ£泯ҡ
תͬʱֱס
ô֪Ԫ³⣿
𣺡˵ҲµŲ
̫֪Ԫˡ
ţôţ
óóЩУֻϧΪá˸־Ҳǿ󡣡
Ȱ׵Щ΢ƣ˼ִ񣬡ճɰܣ赣ǡ
˵ðȥӽĸӣûж⣬Щҩĸ׸ڣľչĸףɵã𱨡
ǺΪĵ֣˼ֻжģ˼ҶѡұˣҽΪˣǵճȨȴˣĸ˵ԪĸҲĸƾӹҴࡣ
Ҳڰ̫ҽԺ
վϣǶԵġȰײʲôЧҵ£̫ҽԺԺʹҲֻΪЧ
ҪôܵأĿԴ
˻죬˽Գ˯ȥ
걾̰˯Ϣ̫һ˯˰硣
ԡϲͷѷ
˵緹ߡ
Ļ𣿡
ܹ˰ɣū澽ȥޱ¡޿㡢Ь
Ц˵ðһء
治֪ĶˣҪū澣ū˫ݡ
ⶼԹˣ˭߻ãͰݺݿһ˵߻ƹЩŮŵһѷһЩȻ˵˸ЩûĺʵҪǲԸĻɺã
һЦѽū澾ôһ˵档ū澲컹ū澺ռأū澾°˾ǣֲʲô˵ġ
ϲЦտôżɣԼͺá
֪ū澵𣿸ʲô죬İɣūһ֤ɡ
Ȱ޶˶˵һعԺסĪҪլƼ
ҶźˣסҵĴ˯ϡΪլӳ֮⣬һס˴ӡõƼֻҪﲻ˭֪أ
֪ԺĿӣݲʣס
ǼﳤԼ檶Ů;סģΪҾסģѾˡ
쳿ŶŮӲȤ𣿡
ǲ̫ڱ԰ϲġ
꿴˵٣ϲ
׿ڶ˵ģмֻǵİ֪ߣ֪ʲôʱʼע𣿡
ʲôʱ򣿡
ҵ졣
곯֣
Ȱһס
Ц㡣
סͲ
Ӱˣ˭ˣҵģҵʱ˵ҪǸˣԲ˶ߡ
꿿ȰܱһƵ˴ϣŸʮڽ
㱣֤Ҳˡ
ȰֱֱעЦûϵҸô򡣡
ְ£Ϸ
ʮָֻۣȰ˵Ҳֿ
ֲ𣬲Ǻܼܿ𣿡
Сûĵģ˵ҡ
㡣
ͷ°ͣһоڲС
뿪󣬰Ȱ׾ܵȥլ
Ժڵǲɢȥ쳵ķ䡣
ϴͺϻһסʰĸ࣬ĳɾ
ǵһνıͷôǺɫģ
쳻أ㲻Ҫס𣿸׼ġ
µءͷһЦ̫Һϲ߻оˡ
Ц̣ϲͺá
ǣҰռңҪ˯ϣ̫ⲻȥˡ


48

üЦ, Ǹ˶
, ܳŲ˵, ҲסĺЩˡ
֪˾ô, ġ䣬ʲôĪҪ롣
ʲôԵȵģҪҽ
ռóԡֲˡ
ѸٷЦ⣬֪ˡ
һ磬ޱˣ쳰Ⱥռը㡣
һֻ˺һ, 㡣
ǳ˷ģô˵Ҳûƴǡ
ԵĽζ, Ķ
ݡҾ⾩, 𣿡
, Сҳ, ĸ׸ҵֺʹӡ
ʣмֵܽã
иԶˡ
и㣬иãڼŵԴӾ걻Ǻ, Ҳûˡ
ûȥ𣿡
ҡͷЩ˸Уûع, ҵʱ˵ˣԺҲҪȥһȥҲҡҵǼ˲Ҫң׬۰ͽ˹
֪ǹߵһŮ϶֮ء
ЦѲǾĺͯԱ˺͸ûϵˣǹҲģҲ棬֮󣬴ҲѲټ档
ĵһڹôģıСôã治ס
ռը㣬θЩ壬뵹ȣ쳾͸˹
˵ллӹ˼ڡ
ϲҪ̫۾Щ˯
ҲϢ
ǲˣү˯ֲ˯
ã䣬ഩЩС
á
*
ٶ޻㱨żûԷˣźӣٲʱȥȥƹ
涣ֻ޲˵
΢̾˿ǺοࣿԷĶԼǶӣ
ڳ檵ܵжϽҲǿģһĹµĻɡ
Ƿ
檸Ѿûˣܵûˣܲסĸ첲ͷϣ£ˡ
ÿպܶ鴦꣬Ҫӣᡣ
Ĭֺһ¡
ĸ֮ˣܹĸҸҪͼվ޵Ϊֻв޷ްˡ
ڳŵһģǳ檵ĵܵܣ𣿱²Щ֤תӵ檸ϣ˱㲻Ϊˡ
˼֣ҶǵǵҲ̰аһƬҶӲ㣬Ȼµӣ
ɫһ֪ģƽʱˡ
ƽʱΪû漰ļˣȻ侲Թۡͬ˵ԺҪԲԷвޣ޾ͷˣ޵Ҳ޶ȵģܵܵԻãͲҪٹˡ
Ҫߣæס½Ъɡ
ټ཭ǡ
Ŷ֡
ƹϣԱ߸ŵ٣ʺ⼸ˣ
ٻأת
⼸춼ʲôˣ
͹вߣÿնٻ㱨ֻٿ⼸նûȥ͹Ҳᡣ
ǰ黹Ҳ¶Цˣֻ緹ûԣҲ֪ι鲻죬⼸ﵹÿ춼ȥ̫ӵһ档
޵ָڷôţûʱˡ
ͷ΢΢Ŀ
쵽̩ʱ޿ڣûʺ
ȥ͹Ҫ̩
ٲ⣬Ҳ޷Υʥּ
æӦ£ǡ
Ľȥ̩ʱѾʱŰɫźһĿ⡣
˭Ҳûǰһ񣬡檼¡
޼ü˳ۣ˵ʺȥҵްɡ
Ӧһתȥ
һҲԼĿ˶Ƶģ֪ǲڱӡ
̫ůĽϽȡ£ߵſڣï˵⼸æҶûϻأԴǸȥģʽ裺Ҳ𣿡
ڼҳ˷·ģš
λʵˡ
Ľߵ£Щ
ûȣܿͽˡ
ݲ룬ȴΪ¡
Ҫ۷źãͱסĻ̌ӡ
޴۾￴˵Į˿ҲûС
ʺô𣿡
⻰˵ĺûһõų檵ģһ߻Ҫ㣬Ц𣿡Ľ治֪˵ʲôãԼĵ𣿡
̫ӵȡ
ᣬĽʹȡ˵Ϲ̫ҽԺ̫ҽ˭ı˲֪ѵҲ֪ޱҲ֪Լĺ˵Ķأȥˣ̫ͬհۣ¿ȥһۣǵС˶ۻ˰ɣ
հۣ²ǰװġ
Ľ⻰ۿдתʵ¼϶̫Ӿȡ̫ӻãǾͲҪڳǰһٶˣҲѾˣʲô˵ģ
ĿǻΪʵ˵Ȼ̫ҽ˵٣޾Ͱ˽ʣںΣ
ش´۳ҡ
Ľϸûκϣû
ֱ䴫ұӵĽߵſڣֻ̫ҽŵ˵˵ʱյɫҲֻǱ˼
һλ̫ҽĻһһ
ֱʣȻ˵ʵֻὫʹǵʱûֱʣ̫ô¿ڵġ
⻰Ѱζλ̫ҽʾֻԭȲ֪˺Ȼ֪˵Ĵ
թֻ࣬ͷʹѣֻǰ˲κԣ˭֪
Ϊ̫ҽԼıְ۾ֻԣȷ
λ̫ҽŵϡ
޲ǣֱ˰Ǵȥ
ʱĽϴҳ£
λ̫ҽ˵׷ġ
ĽȻ޲ϸһٴΣʱµʱ֪̫ҽڹʱܳˣõ˲٣ǵļҲڳΪΪģǽģǱмֵô
ûв͸ǽĴ˷ôչ
޲Ҫɱ̫ҽ£֪϶˲ӬӦ
ޣҲ֪ԼӵϻλжҪ
ʺôˣ
ɱкأ̷̫𣿶ҲǼµʹºιʰŭһͨϣλ̫ҽҽֻ߳ҪԺٷΪ¾ЧԭһкηⷢĽͷᷳס֣Ҳ˼֣Ϣŭѹȥˣȥɡ֪࣬󻹸̫һѾøˡ
˵λ̫ҽʹޣ÷ˡ
ǲǾ̫һǶò󳰷
Ľϴ˻ߣ֪ͷܸĳͷǽ㣬ڽ㣬ֻУ޸ôˡ
ǱߣҪȡԼָȻҲû޻
Լɫ˲١
Ȼʺ飬ӣʮ
λ̫ҽ˿ҲֱûãͬĿͷллʺ￪
ȥȥٹ޵ּ⣬ʮ
û뵽»зתСλʺˡ
⣬ĽУ
ǣūּ
ĽϿ׻ǻԣҲ˵ʲôѾܺˡ
ϾԿı
ٳȥʺ޵Ĵÿɻ⣿
ĽЦһעԼԼôһ£˵һ¡
ʥǳˣֻ֪˭ĴҪӺܲʡ
ջȥ̫ӡ
뵽ҪˣĽϸЦ
ǣȥҡ
ٴθ£հ·źãĽϾͱ˻
Ҳ˵ôĽ˵˾仰£ˡ
Žſһޡ
࣬Ǳš
ǳĸ׵檻ĸһա
ȥ
ĽĵȥҲû˻ӭ
ܣ֪̫æ㶼࣬檴ȥͿɡ
տɻأ
Ľ룬˵ɡ

ϣĽϱ˺ĽңڹſڳûԶ˽衣
ʱ촽˶˵֡
Żɽ
Ҫ
⵹Ľ⡣
϶£ĽϵԼȥ
̫ҽܷ¾ܱѹ
Ľȥ˺ͳ˷תôģ
ڽ迴֪ľ֣ԼԵƫĳ̶ȣֻô¼ȥôעӣôܳԼж
뵽ĽںԷ˵Ļ˵һû̷ˡ
Ҳһնûȥ͹ˡ
ȥ̩ѲΪĽȥ޵Ļġ
һʱˣӦ׷Ҳǲܵ¡
ǱķֻҲ£ҲΪԼĶѪô
ͼЩ˵ԼȻЧ
һ϶û˯ãĵ׿ɬҪҲġ
ֻԼŮˣתᣬ벻һҲԼ
֪ĸң
صźѰΪæµܾһĺܿ죬ȴʱʱɳ©ֻ̫̫
Щ˼Ľϲ֪ܺõĸ׹˳˷
ԡϴŴĽܵ
·ҪģϾУˤſžͲˡ
Ľȥʱ˹Ϲ߲⻹棬ŻɽǼľƽţλ˽˵ؽ磬˾
ﱾĽżסĵط£ɽȥܷ㡣
·Ľ߲죬һŲһŵŻɽʱ¡
ˣûõơ
˶ӣԡ
ְѲӹȻǣסߡ
ů֡
ĽһһԱߣ˵ʲôֲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ŵҪ̼ʱ򣬽迪˿ڣɤͳ
Ľȥһԣ˵
û¾Ͳܼô
ĽϿЩ㲣ʱæǲǺࣿ
Щ
ԷûҸ
Թˡ
о鲻ѣĽͷһЦ֮ʲô£
λεЦĿһǣ˵һû̷ˣҲô
ĽûֱӻشǷʵأȻû˵⻰ҪԼˣ
ýﲻһȷֺñˣʲô̶ȣԳ𣿡
֪Ľ϶Ұϸһһ˵ɺã
ɫһӱúѿһЦˣŮ˻ƣҿ˵ʲôˣ
һ㶣иҲ٣ʲô˼
λûҪϣֲ˾֪
ȥŵô֪ģ
˸ٳˣ
ϸ˶㣬ʱûϣ֪١ϴһ˳ˣˣյϢģҵѾˡ
ǸŮӲǳңܵŮӣȥҲѳڲȥġţ˵ǳŮˣס档
ȷ˵ûޣУ̧檽׾١
ĽϴսȻ㣬Ҳңƽˡ
üչ˵ʵ
˵Ůˡ
Ľ϶׵Щ飬վ𣬽Ҳ
޳ͷ̫ҽӵ¶ˡʵĻͿԿΪķʽΪֹ̫ģ𣿡
Щִ٣
Ľϵָϣֹ֪ͣһ˻룬Ϊȷʵǣߺ󲻾ôõģǻδޡ
ţһ޵ĶԻ֤ǶԵǴģŰ̫ҽйȥʵġ
ôñ¶⣿
ãȴʣԴˣ
ûĻʹͷ
Ľһ󻷱סĲ˫˫˴ϡ


49

ԽԽ, Ҳů⡣
ĽϽסӨļ, ΢΢ֽӹĲ豭
ˮЩ, СЩ
ź˼ڣ̫ڿ, ˮЩҲҪȡ
ѱӵݸȡ
ָһĽٴκɺá
ʱ˿̣ɢ䣬ɫ糺˫ۺ飬ˡ
ѵϨԱߣִĽһŵ¡
ҽ𣿡
һЩ, Сûñȡϴλ赹ʣգΪˣ
Ľϵͷ첲, ˵һĸҳ̥, ܴӦִ˼䡣
һİ̫, Ҳܺ, Ҫˣᡭֹסʶ⻰ʡ
һ᲻¿ʼһ᲻˹ϵ
Խϲһ𡣡
ԶزȥˡĽϵһ, ʮָסгһգû˹ϵ, ΪҲҪˣֻ֪ҵǧٿ׻Ҫһ
ٹ棬˭
ô
Ʋ
ǵƲ㡣ĽЦҵˣǷһȡ
ֻȣ룿
ȻĽֵٹ棬Ҫ˵͵ģȰס
ʵû뵽֣ȷΪʮ꣬޸ҲǺûһ׮
Ľϣ
͵Ц㶼ӵĸס
ĸӵĸף
ˣǰѶСһȥˡ
ع黰⣬Ϊʲô䣿
ҺܷǳҪ
Եɣʵ˵
Ϊʲôûأ
С̫ˣ²ȥ֡˿ֻܻˣҲͦÿġ
˲٣ӦС
Ȼأ
ģﻹô
ĽϴЦ濴㻹һ档
ԼİܲϰԼ
ƫƫֲ
֪ʲô·
ֻǰߣݲûͷˡ
뵽췴ǾǰҪԼˣ˵ԵһŻɽϣʼգֻһˡ
Ľʣôʱûźûô
Уˣ˵ӷɣԸ븮
϶ߵģ㸮ûޣֻһ檣С˵㣬ŮҲ˶ˣжӰԺʹøദҲãԴģ뿪ʲôҲʮˣټ޻ܼ޸õģ
վŮ˵ϣĽϾ÷ϲ߶Լ˵ǶԵģҪ˷ӺߣԺĿ϶ڡ
ܻԽԽ٣߲ǮٹָͷӵӣͲܡ
ĶӽӼڹ
˵òһڣҲãǰŮң뿪ҪҽݵˣܡЩǮȨ檵ᡢɫãɣһռ
ͬ˵ˣȲ߾ͲҪ֡
Ľ˵ĸоĸŮ˲ԼֻԼһ˺أ
ҲΪұ˶͵͵޹ҲΪŮ·ĺӶѹЩŮӼҵľµͱ˸һɶ
ڼʶ޵Ŀ֮ǰѾϰΪˣ˭ӣԴףʱ
ΪԼҲгԶʳ뷨ˣģԼСˡ
ż˯ǰôദģ־Ѱգӵĸף˼Ҹʮ꣬Ϊѡ檣޻ŶǰȣԼСʲôԼʲô
˵ȥŻòˣһֻ̣Լ֪಻
ϲںԺȴ档
ġ
ԸΪȻܿģҲôԵȹƽ
ô˵ˣ𣿡
Ľϻ񣬡
ʲô
ԼԽԽӹˣ˴ȣֻһ˵ģɲǺͷ
ƺ⻰ãΪʲôǺͷ
Цޣѹģ㷳ţ᳹ҵ
ѵͲҳɤ΢ңѾˡ
Ժᷢʲô֪
ҲҲҶΪųն壬ҲΪ޷ˡˡ
ҲҲ
ۣһ̣á
ĸоǴδйģһˮ紵˲ƣϣ˱ľۡ
*
ɻš
ͣסլſڣ³Ȱɡء
ĿſڲԶӰ˵ǲ𣿡
ѭĻȥῴǴ´ҰۺŮˣȫʶ
үɣ
Ȱ׿϶һţʱÿɷû˵
ӺŽԺɡ˹ȥ
쳼״Ҳ˹ȥ
ھ߾ʱŮ˳һЦһ飬һ
˶ϢԺڲ׼ڡ
ȥķԸȽլӡ
Ȱװ˴ؽݣϳߺˡ

꽫ϵױϴˮϴɾ
ױͦɹ
Ҳ̫ˡ
ҾҪǿɷϳû뵽үͦá
Ȱ׽ݸǻɻҲϵãû
Թˡ
һûԣ˿ɷٷ
쳳Ծү²ǷˣԼָʹ³ˣ
ѡ
ʲô
ķʣĬĬ𣺰ơ
ۣѾֱˡ
㿴ǡ
Ԥ뵽һĻûг֣ۣ˼ҷһȥˡ
һֱš
ʲôʱôˣ
Ȱ׶˲˹ʱסСʣүʲô취ùƴӵģ
ȻȻ
쳲̫ţͱˣʲôؾѽڴڡ
ȰԼ֪Ϊʲôĺãθ˵
šܡҲ뿪ˣϾҪһŮܳʱˡ
»Ϊ֦Ҷ³ء
ô³أ
Ҫ˩ס˩סθʵִߣá
ͦϲĲˣΪԲߣҲԵ˳ڡ
ĸһҲ˿ڸһʳá
ţŵ
쳼״¿ӳȥ鿴
ûţǻͨ˺ſġ
ϣ
ͷű˸ˮʪ͸ϻһ࣬·Ʊ˳ŦûϵϣױѻǱ
Ȱ׼ģɫ䣬üͷ𣬡ʲôˣ
ϣһʧʹ
쳣ȥ׼ˮɾ·
쳼ſڵ곯֣ȥ
ϴү׼·δȥҷ
ⲻаᣬЩ϶ϺõģĹôȥŮһɾĹﻻϾͺá
Ҳãȥ
걾ܵջѲûѵֶϣֶˣ
ô򸮷أ
ֻһˡ
쳳ȥϣֻֻȰһˣ˵Զ˺ӺĸһֱҴչӣһطϢû뵽ͬܵڳǰȳȶȥͼ۸ңҵʱ̫ˣ÷ĵһ˺˸ĸȥ˵ԭίײΪҳͷִңҺüţҸ˵Ǹ
˵ֹסȪӿؼҵ·ϣ׸ĸ˵Ժ£¶϶ס¶Ȼͬ⡣ʹүȥ˵Ҳޣ׾˵Ҳüޣ˵վȸҰѻ¶Ҿܽ˺ͬƵ
Ȱֽ˲˵£粻޽ġ
Լû취Ѹ׵Ļ°ţôأ
޷İҪΪһҪڳΪ٣㲻ֻͬҪˣȻû취Ȱ׸Ȳ裬ůůӡ
ĻйϣĪİȫС
ҪҲլ𣿡
Ĳصס㡣Ȱ׼쳽˵ȥԡ¡
ȥȰ׳ȥ˵ߵ£˿Ըæ
ţǶǲףء
αװС̫లŵȥŲҪѱ֡Ȱ׵ǣ ϣֲ֪жˣ֪˭ãϵ֪Ĳ࣬ĸ˵ʱҲ֪Լȥ·ͬ棬ԺɨؾС
ǰϣν־ֳһ߹мӣһ߻صΪȻ跴˾ҲǰԴ޸ջԺ˼Ĵͷǳˡ
ϣûģҲ飬÷ҲԼȰ׵ãȻ
ҶûвģƷвŮԺڸɻҲãֻ̫ӻ᲻ϳ
ᣬϣûôӴԶԶļμϣ
⵹Ҳǣ̫ҲȻ뵽Ůӣ뵽ҵŮ͹ȥˣ̫ӦỳʲôӦˣĸع쳴ڹڣҽȥ
ô˵ˡȰǰߵһ䣬һ
⣬˯
Ц׼

ҹͣˣϣ۾˯⡣
ӶϷ£ίߡ
ʱ뵽Ψһȥĵط
뵽İźϣ˿
һڹҲ޸ջ
Ըһ˻ţҲһӣΪŮ
۾緹쳸һ̫
ϺϣΥ֮УȰ׶ⶣڹעԼ֡
ʱ˹ûȶˣʾƣ˸˽ȥ
ֱӴ˶һһվ
Ե̫߱ҵš
˾˲´öҲû£ֻǻ˸ѧϰĵط
ǣ
ɤйѹЩͬ
껹ЩӦϾฮǧ𣬽ʳ󣬵˷˳ĲˣһЦҪκ¶Ҫţȥƹһ߸֪ߵһŮɡ
ǣֻǹūŵļ˻˳ϲ鵽ūڵĵط
õģƺˣ鲻ġ
ȵɢѧʱ䣬ϣȥ亮ֱ֮⣺λǸսС̫࣬߱ŲԺ㹬ɨԺʲôͦá
ڴϵ˾̧һϣϸƤĻͦףֻС̫е죬ȴּǲĶ
ǰģȻҪµģҸǰһ߱Ҳźɡ
⡭
̫㰡
ϣһۣ¹򣬡ūߵл̫ӵ¡
ţɡ
ϣִȥ٣ܵ˵˻ӻ
˸ߣϣһȥҸ˾ҩ
һδɻĴңĶ̣쵽ѪҪӲͷƤϡ
ҩŶ˾û׼ߡ
߱
ϣŽŲ߹ȥкηԸ
Ӱ˫
ݲ֪ԵԹԹ
˾֬һ˫Сֿ֣һСüë΢ǰӹĲ
̫ӵ£ǰﾭ̣ʧܣ˼ҵס
ЦЦҲǣŵһҲǸɴֻģСүһ˹
ϣҧ֪ǲеķȤԼ
˾ԴôǾĶ
ϣһֱôţҲ
ȴ鵽Ҫʧȥ֪ʮ궼Ҫȥʱ̫ӵڴ󷢴ȱˣɡ
ҷߣлվһѣθϮϣֻͷؽӲϵֱֱϡ
䰲һڵ϶ļ
ϣס¸սͱϳȥѡװ裬۾һˡ

50

Ѿŵ, ԼλʲôƢ
⼸, 粻, ǻ˸ˣǰԼսľ, οأ
£߱ȥˣūͽߡ
û߽ϣͱ˾˴صˤ˵ϡ
ʹȴһδԣȻװˣ͵ͦȥǲˣ

СӦһǡ
ϣһ˾ǰʱ, ʵװȥˣӶˡ
ūҹδ, û뵽˹ȥ
Ͽ˾Ƴһ۵ϵ, һ, ǰ, ξ㣬´ٸϷšĲӡ
û, ۽𾦰
ϣĺˣ˵ǣūҲ, л¿ˡ
䣬ִ˫ֳһŸ˾£š
ϣһ㶣
̲Ů浣
ˣ⾩мܸ̫ͨţ
ϣ䲻ȴҲ֪̲Ϊ֧̫ӵس
÷գҲΪ浲ű㱧ż
΢΢̧ͷһֻ˾Ѿżȡ֮Ŀʣ˼Ц⡣
ƺĿ⣬˾ɨŵϽͷ
£òͷ
ǰ˳ֵ׼ֻҪԱܿĻ£ˢͰҲԸ⡣
ļ죬ϣ൱սľ
갲˵ƺˣǺ±״
һϢ˲ĺ¡
Ĵû֪ʧ٣Ƕ˲͡
Ļ£ȻûӰˡ
ϣʮָմˮฮǧڿ컰ٵ߱С̫࣬ڵݵУԼĵūš
£ܵܵİӳˡ
˵
˴ְв乫߹Ϊʿū뿪
˾ޱ飬һ˽εƷԱȻ߰죬ҲΪˡ
ū˵⼸һֱڷ͹ڼֻƹùһš
޷͹˵ʲô֮ǰʮĸ²ǳĸ˾΢˫ۣɫ˼
£øҩˡ
ѹȥʮ죬ڿţÿҪҩ
Ƥľͱˣûûأ߱
ֿ˿Լ֣΢ЦӦһ
Ϻҩּ˸̾£ƤӴ
ġ˾˵ſǣҰ硣
ʾȥȻūȥų׼š
ϣǸŮӣϵûӴ󣬲ΪָϸСҲʡ
ô㣿
ϣһºܿ췴Ӧָʲô̫ΪһϻմЩζձڡ
æūŰɾÿ춼Ҫ༸Ρ
Ŷɾá
ϣ۾Ҳ˵š
о˯ˣͣЪЪ˭֪
ϣּû˯أ
óˣ˯ʲô
ϣ룬Դ˺óԺúȺ˯֣ᷢ
һûȱϻżҹš
ҪǳΪһӻʲô
ϣһ£ûЩϲУûסЦһ
˾Цʲô
ϣѹͷĽţûûЦʲô
˰Ѳʳͽ˳˾ݻ£үүʥ˳˾⡣
ϣһջ֣ѹסˡ
ôˣ
¿ɷūһܣү뿪˵Եɣ
˾һţҲӦˣȥš
л¡
ð麹վھȻȥθ˾һá
ҪиýڣԺ󶼿Աá
˼ȥ룬ϣ뵽һɡ
ǶԸȥӾ˾ڴϣ巹ˡ
Ϊʲô¼ǣ
ϣǰ£С˵ūδʱʶүūųΪˣūŲԸˣүŻ˵ץūҪūŸ
£˾ʣȽ̫ô
ϣҡͷūˣܳΪ˽أ
˾һ٣˼û뵽ջڡ
ǰλС̫࣬ҲĿΣݰ׵ģСϸ
ǱջΪҲȷ̫ϧˡ
⣬㲻õʲôɡ
л¡
ϣͷӵһΪˡ
*
ʱҡ
಻ϸߵĿȰüͷ΢ĸףҪٿ𣿡
㸸ףϣûӣܶԶĶȥпܱ˹߻ߺˣ
û׷ҲȥɻţȰ׷û˺ſʼš
ïҲˣǸڹҲҲŮӵҪȳ˿ʲô
׿еҪҲϣưͿˡȰ䣬ǰִ֮ܶҪȥô˵ģ⼱ˡ
ïһڳҲûôôõˣҶҪ࣬ɱô
ɱҲǷô
˵ɣˣҿô
Ȱ׹䵭ȻѵױϲΪûϣټ޸²߳ŭʲô˼һ
˵꣬ȻתŶ
쳽ϣͺܿ򸮡
Ȱ׵š
үﻹûء
Ȱ͹ȥٻͳԵġ˵ţȰʣŸĻôˣ
˵ˣҪعˡ
𣿡Ȱ⼸æҲûϸʣʲôչ𣿡
ЩɥûС
ҽʲôˣ
ģĵĶĶҲûпΧʲô˵
ñȵȻȥ˵ʲôȰ׵ҵ
ү޷̫Ϸˡ
ҶίԼٰһŮˣ㻹Ըˣ
ǿʼһˡ
ѽθҴʲôóԵˣ
Ȱģ°мֻǿҵĲʸС
˿⽡
ȰףͺܺóԣллŶ
л
Դǣ˵ʲô
ˡ
ࡣ
ͷүºˡ
ȰָôŮ𣿽˿⽣㻹ܸʲô
졣
Ȱ룬Ȼȥȥˣȥ͸͸Ҳ˺üˡ
ϲתһ룬Ҫǲȥô찡
ķôɫôⷽľԴƵģöԲ߲ˣӦȥô֣ӦȥָôȥԼĥ
еʹڣȰ׶˳
ȥݸ˼˿⽣լʳгԼסȥ
û쳰ʳзµϵƣȼȥһֻڴ˯ˣҲûǡ
̿ѾϨˣůδɢ
ǰ쳴ʱڼҵȴɢֵĴ
ڴͷϣȥʳ˯֪ô˯ˡ
쳰ʳиõ˫ֵݹȥȳԡ
Եģ۾ˣأͺܺóԣллŶ
һүȻµҪ˵Ļ
лû˵ڣǵ³˷Ҵȥתתɺã
Ϊܾ˭֪ûԥʹӦˡ
Ҫˡ
ȳԣҳȥ˳˷ȥ
ͷͷŵ㡣
һһʳб˵ס
ĳԱĶƤȥڡ
쳸һñſס·𣿡
Χ̫ʺϲ߶ҴȥԶһĵط
ϴαӵסĲڣ档
ΣգҪúץҡ
һġ
Žϡ
΢΢ͷüҴЦٴѣץ
ץס·ȷץˡ
ݣ
һܵıסҲ˳ƿıϡ
̿ȴҲЦ
Ӷűܵĸ죬缲
İñ£ڳһָֻק΢΢ۣһķӣĿ
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˾ǽһԣǣųС
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ҺͺóԵģȻĸоԼͶߡñֱŲ죬ÿʱҾ룬ʲôʱʲôóԵģÿڴһˡ
Һ˵ǷȻһΪҡ
ʼռǵ˵ϲŮӶ鰮ȤĻЦ˵㣬
Ųס¹ˣ۾Ҳ鶯
һ
Ҳûʹ𣺡϶Ҿʮ˳ԶԺҲ뿴ˡ
ô᣿ϣҲġ
ʵڶ飺

߽ж
ѪҺӽŵ׾ۼͷԴһƬհףվɵһ㡣
쳵ִ뿪뵽Ҫˣֽ˻ϲ㡣
˱׼ŭĿԵ׼˱ͽӵ׼һе׼
ʲôû
类ƵİţһҲ
ķӦʵûԤϵġ
㡭㲻ǲϲŮ𣿡
˭˵ģ
Ȼ˵ģԼΪ
Ҿ֪ᡣ
ո֮ô㣬ʵʵΪΪ㲻ϲŮӡŵͣܺãϸĺĺܻˣֻһֱ㵱
ʲô
ֳ
ѣ
ͳͳҪ
쳽ϣûи˵ȥĻᡣ
*
үѣˣ
⴫͵͵ۣʣˣ
ֻ֪˵ٽ
ܲҵЬӷＱسֻ丱ͷſڡ
Ժʹߵ˼䣬һٱΣ̾ϡ
λֵ̫ҽ
ڹ󣬽̫ҽ볯ƹȥ
ʱԺ磬˲ˣ̫ҽԺˡ
ͬһ̫ҽȺֻһ˴ֱӽң⣬Ͻô¡
֮ܿˣֻ䱻ʪһƬˮϴѪɫ귢ϡ
ŵģ۾΢״̬ɤҲ
̸ɫصҡ
һԵĽϼ״һ⣬ɤɳƵԺʹûµģԲԣ
ջ֣˫ϥһ


51

˵ʦʱԳ˵һȶ, ˶Ϊٹ, 类ȼ, ʦʱȾߣʦһؼֶ, ޲ߡֵɢаʢ˥ⶾŲ
ĽһͷĿѣ޷£۵׵ĻյĸԺʹнⶾķӣ
ܴͷޣʦоöδҵⶾ֮, ȥѰҽҩΪʱҪ뱣סþѰҵʹ¶ˡ
ⶾôµģڵʳˮѾ˲κ쳣
ܲͷ, ָ, Ǵ˿Ⱦϵġ
ܵ׼, ָֽϵҽϸ, ֻ˿ڴѳ˺ɫ
ԴǾҩ⡣
һԵֵҩһֱڹУǰū˵˹͸ūù, ⣬ɼԴͷҩ벼һţȴûֽ, ū澶жϣ֮˱ضƹˡ
ĽѹеĻңѲ飬ǻΪԾ˸£檽ȰϢųȥ˵Ʒ¶֮˵Ʒй˶еӣץ
ʺͰ˵İš
޵˲ϵĺʶĪ£ʲµġ
ƹƹȥ
Ա߸ʱȥס˼Զ
£
졣
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ѽҩ޲׷ʲôǵ޲鵽ͷϣ޽ʱϢ˵
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ô˵΢΢üԼûԼк
۱Ƿţ³ȷʵ֪飬·ģǳĸֵ˶ֽţ檾ԲŹݳһ顣
Ҫš
仰ˡ
졭ŮӺͺٹ
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ס֣¶Ȼĸ㸸˵˰ѽҩ׷ʲô鵽Ϣ
ü˵ûоûУĸŶ
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лǸֻ֪ɽˮĵܵܣ
ĸ·ͬСɣڹѾرˣôȥˣ
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Ȱף֪ٳֹʲô𣿡
ٳ֣Ըߵ𣿡߽־˫ۣǹȥһùͷҩôƤˡ
㡭ƻ֪ô֪ģѹͷľõ°ܼȻŮˡ
ŮˣҪ˭ˣԼŮ˾ĶӣԴ򲻵ã
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һ߼ٴαһʱĵҪʹȥ˵˵
Ķ
˵Ҳò޹š
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գһ۾˳۽ǻ뺹ˮһ
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֪ԼһҲˣҲȰ׿ظһͨ
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ޱ˰ƻǰĽˣƻ˵
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ĸǣֻǸʻ᲻᲻ͬ⣿
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Ľ֪ǰǲͬˣѲ档
̫ӣĸ㻹㰢游һңҪһҪһҲܲۺʱεأҪסĸ˵ģΪأСҴı
ĸ̻壬
Ľ˾һңȴĽ̫ӵ¡
ȻҪȥԺʹҩ󽻸Ůá
ּ

ڹĴϣЩ˻Ƶ֮ǰ˵ôһ㡣
ðȥȰףѵǰ
ꡣ
δະһ֡
ȰۿˣǰʣǲǺʹ
ҡһͷͲʹˡ


52

ȰʧЦ, ɵ𣿲⻰Ұ
İһ, ˳ҡ
һȥҩ, հҩŽҩȻ
İ״æʣ, ôˣ
˲ϵᣬŻˡ
һᣬ˵˺Ҳ¼ˣָôˣ
ⶼң˵ҪˣޣҼСľͻָָϽҩۺͰ˿, ҲûϸʲôϾһֱǶ
ԺҵҪҪ顣
ţԺҪС, , Ļ𣿡
, ˲ڽⷢ, ʱụ̀ɡ
ˣΪЦ, ǲ
ʲô
ʲôǰʵҾͦġ
䣬䣿
˵, СȰȰһ˵һ˵ⲻǻ𣿡
ЦôҲ
Ӱ죿˵ʵû
˵ͷȥ͸ȥˣ˵ϲң
۾ָָ죬
š
ѽ˷ܲѣ԰ƺ«»ͦˬ졣
ˬʲôѽҶˡ˵ĺܺãҡ
ʲôѽǡˣ˵ǹŮǶһأһûġӢˬģѵ㻹Ԫ
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˦ַȥ
ŭɫżæǰסȥ·ֱӹǳ檿ڲԣǳ檵ĴϢŭ
޵͸ˣӽűߵŮˣޱȡ

ŵĿ⣬¡

ҡҡͷ²ԭ³ʧԣ檲𡣡
̾˿ĵ޿ԭʧԣ޲Ƶۡ
ͷ
ƹһ̣
£Ҳǳĵģ
бһۣٸҶ˵һ䣬ȱ㡣
ŵͨ£죬ūŸūŸ


53

΢΢̧, ʼǰС
Ӵ˿̵ʱ, ûһǺõ, һŻĵף겻
ЩڼĽϺ, ɢ˴롣
ʺ˳
ϵĲ˶ֲˡ
Ľƹ£ãЦ½ۣ檴ʱ仹˳¿£ʳѾˣɷʳá
÷, һֱܷġ
Ϊвˣ¶Щ
¶Цݣҵǰĸо, ǰ, εȵᡣ
ѰԷǳ߰˷ֱ, Եʮ֡
ʺĳջôĺá
ϲ, Ժ󳣳Ϊ³
ָԼģ㻳źأҪ̫ˡ
ġ
ҡһͷ, ã³㹬Щеúܣ
ĽǳЦ, ģеķš
ʺɷ޳ȥߣ
áĽϿ֣ȥҵ
ǣ
Ľϵֱǣţ˲ͬв֪˹Է
÷ʢˣʺг
Σֻϧ²ߡ˵⻰ԺֵȴǱˡ
Ժ޶ߣ꿪Էÿ
ȥܶʼһһ꣬ǲϡ
˵ȴļһ㡣
ڴͣӵʱ䣬Яֻȥ·ȴܴҴ
ߵ¡ʺ
Ժʹɢֵ𣿡
ǵġ
Ľϼҩ˭ҩ
ܴ𣺡׵ҩ
ѯʣôˣ
׽æڹ۹ȣͷεڼ˰ա
ĶҪԴ˵С޹ػسǳģϲʩ֪ҲͰˣ֪϶Ҫȥ̽ڴʱŸոʱһȥ顣
ĽȻط͹ͷ䣬ʱҲˡ
ĽϲɫĿڣڹƵûţͬһ𵽹תתӣҲš
룬ҲͬˣǾһȥɡ
Ľȥ·Ĳɣ˿û¶쳣˵˵ЦЦ
ǵãʼδ
˽ܵĽͣ´£ˣɺá
Ľ뽭һּۣŲߡ
ϣһȦסķ䣬ռͦڳеĶС
ԾȵǣȫûŮ˵
ױ̨ûС
ԭңе㲻ͬ
϶˲ˮ¾ֳȥˣ˳š
Ľû˵Ǿ̸֮
һ۱ˡ
ļ˺̰ˡ
ȴ˿ûа취
ֱҪ֮ǰȥ˾ĽŴŵӵǰ³һĸң뿴úõ㣬𣿡
һЦСš
ĽϻͷλÿһۣȻ󼫿ıһ»ص˸ոλϡ
ÿĸңҲǶһݣǰᾭһء
Ҳûᣬûعĸˡ
ûʲô㿴ңҿ㣬ܾȴҲʤǧ
ܼǺܸ˵ģֳܱǰ
Ȼʵ˺滺˿
ϰϴˮҩǽⶣġ
үⶼҪˣǲǸðµĽˣڼҶĲС
鲻ͬˡ
*
һ춼ûȥƹҲǰֻԼ
Ϧʱڷȥ򰲵ǰ㣬֮ϢƬ̣ȥҪȥĵط㣬ÿһһ̣îʱ̩ţټ󳼣ֿʼдơ
ʱĽȥ̩ݣŴһȥй
һ粻ͣշת۵Ľϲᡣ
ʱ䣬Ǽ硣
굽Ķˣܴ˼һЦӭˣ˭ҲԸǰɨˣϾϦҹ
ĽвܺȾƣԲƾףޡ
檹ףµһ念˳ġ
±ƣΡ
޵ʱСӽ£Сˡ
ʱֵĵѻȸ
˶ٷֱһǰһϯŵ˽
˵ĽΪʺҲҪȥ治ȥ
СѪ⣬Уȥ
Ҫȥ޶ȥġ
ɢˣ˾˷͹
˴̽Ϣ棺ƹǱ˵Ϊ˲÷ӵϲСˤµµС
÷䣿
ǵģ˵ǷĲòãײ£ҪԼֲá
Ľ΢΢Ӻ濿ЦһէһСһΪҪܵͷˣһЩš
ҪҲлѽУƹ±ʲôˡūеȷߣܰѱµˡ
ǻˣҲҪˡĽ˵̾ҲǣΪ˴ҵеĺʲôأ
Լֺγûиɹ£
ֻҪܰһ֣Ҳֵˣ
ĸ󣬸ʱĽ֮ǰΪìܣл⡣СøĸұĨƽǰ׷˹򣿡
ô׷أѾɵӰ첻㸸ʾȫֲġĽ˼򶨣㸸ֱǰӣôأ㸸еĹߣõϾãòϾͲáĸɴûаһмϣûָгһջǡĸҲǷ곡Ϸ㸸һҲûУһжΪȡʱ佨Ȩơ̫ӣ󣬲֪˭Ӯ
Щĸôһ˵ƽ顣˾Ǵһ⼸û㣬Ҳ֪ôˣնʱȥ
ȥȥɡƺлҪ˵Ľʣɻб£
ѡļǶ³µʱ䣬ڶ֮ǰĸǲҪһ¶һأ
ĸѾ֪ͨˣգʱ͹ˡĽ˵źЦ㻹ǲǵСʱ۸˼ҷﰡ
𣿡
ʱҲ߰꣬ĸ׽⣬ȥԺ棬Ҳú棬ų׷˼ܣѷﶼſˡ
˾ǵˡ
ֽ˵ǵõأǹ
ǰ˸ˣûһִڳһ˼ϲɿˣǶ˼ҡĽ˵ֵء
ʱ̫ӵ»СƤٴμ治ûô
˾üٴμ棿ʲôʱ򣿡
µļôūӺãʮôְ䣬Ůμˣ÷ͬһأū澰ѺóԵĺúȵĶȥ
ʱ䳤ˣЩ¶Զûʲôӡˡ˾˵վʱ䲻ˣĸЩЪϢȸˡ
ţذɡ
˷͹˾Ͻͷ͵ЦЦʲô
ָɿһūЦʲôﲻǺô
˾ûĻض·ʼհδٷһԡ
صסְˮԡ
ְ֮Ҫ·ЬΪڷźá
̴ʱֵĿСϡ
һֱĴţ
ÿҲ֪ʲô
ЦЦѴٵ̺ãȻ˳⡣

һʱ˾˴ʱ賿ûô˯
̰˯
մӳʱһֱʱŵʱš
ʱ˾ѸΪһӻƱ˺ɫ磬ɢɫĨ
ȥ·ϣأԳž˹
˾ĿڲԶɫϣ½οϷһӣֻһ֣롣
ּǱ߿Ҳſȥ£ǷҵĽӡ
ҳˡ
˵㿪ʼſߣԽԽ죬Щϡ
˾뷿ʱ򣬷˵Ż
էȻһһϲ̶ֱ糣˸
浼̫ӵ¡
˾۾ֱֱĶô⣿
ص£ǰյ֪һֱǣţ̽¹㡣Ǵһ浹꣬˳̽

浵¡
ϵЦ˵˲ǡ
ˣ
úܶˣҲõĲҾͷˡƣ룬ӦǺˣҸСЪһ£㰢һԸҲ£ߡ
浡
浻û˵ͱ˾ϣǲϸô
Ӵߣ浽ͣǵģ浳ʱĸ˵һʱأ˻ظ˵һøĸ׵ġ
˾֣ȥ֪һҵĽη򡣡
ūŽּ
꿴ֿ浣ٹǾ;жʽˣƽʱҲûʲô棬ȻˣԵúġ
ð᷿
Ǹ͵Ϣҡ
ӦоУһ
µĺͲˮͰһȥˣ˳Ÿϡ
˾ԭѵɫ綬ѩůڻǰЦķ浣ֽ뻳УղţΪҪߡ
浻סŴѵü£ôߣ
浣Һ㡣
ü䣬˫§ӽʵЩҲ¡
ǰĻſɿˣ
ˡЦҲǲô
滹޶һţ෢һⰢ浻Ӷ࣬ˣ
ʧЦһ·⣬ͰŷˣҲֹ㻹ˣ
֪㲻ҷڶŮ˽ϣ֪ĴǺõӰ졣
¸Ϻȡ
㲻ᡣ˾ͷţΪҵ̫ÿ۵ʱ򣬾ѰʱһһңֻҪ뵽㣬ҾͲ۲Ѱˡ
۾һ⣬¡
浣ҵߣ֮ǰԲñ֪ҵʵϵ˲Ų㵱£ŲԽϣֻΪΪ˹̹ϵһֱȫ
ΪʲôεҲû˵˾ԼĿѺϣǵģʲôȻǵŮ鳤¡
ᣬʱû취ǲģֻţгһմӮⳡ̣˵Ҳαؼһʱ
˾Ҳ֪ȥǾһˣڵԲ׷
±ָ飬Ҳϲӣ϶־룬̫Ӱˡ
ĸѾ֪ˣ˵ģ⿴дҵš
㸸֪𣿡
֪ĸˣӦ֮ͬǰ߸ҲκˡҪ𣿡
ްüЦĸףܺ𣿡
ҲЦǵȻĸ֪ɸˣ֪ϢҪءϲˣһĿ۹⡣
⻰Цݸˣ𣿡
ȻģƭС
ǣ£ŵЬϡ
ְѱϣ˾˯һɡ
㵥ദʱ䱾Ͷ̵Ŀ˯ỹô
ԺӳءϸҪ˱˯
˯ƤȴıԺô˯ˡ
浵üĿ⣬ҲЦݡ
˵Ӵ䣬ǻ˸ˣ޳
ǸϲĻ̫ӡ


54

˾ʱ, Ѿˡ
һڴ, û˷浡
ȻЬ㼲᷿
ڵļˢˢſ˾, ȳˣ
˾浻, һеʣȥ
ȥ
ˣȥ׼Ҳ˻Ӱ췹˵ζ
һߣ˾̾ڷԱˣӹֵĲ豭
浵ŮԾ˵ūȥûܰæġ
ֺҲȥˡ
ʱþʣڡ
Զһ, סȣ⡣
΢΢𶯣ֽĨת, ˡ
˸һʱ, ֺ֪, Ծûἰ
˽һʱ, Ľἰʱ֪ڤ¶һ¡
ٺ˹ϵܣһš
ԴԺ󣬳ڱһԶԶһ, û
ôһֱҿ
˰浣б𣿡
֮㶢˭أ
΢, ˡ
תȥһЦ
ٷ浳ԵĺܾнϾԼңԵĺ١
ݱȥ˽
±һЩӰһеȥС˵ūӴģ˵·϶
һůӹ򿪣Աߵĵһˮġ
ϸʳһ·ӵңҲԱˡ
ԼڼҵŮһۡ
ô
浻ش׵Ļ̫ӵڹСһſʼͻЩ
ϿеʳУô
̫ӵ¼ŮûԶ٣óˮġ
ЦŶԼķ˵ү̫ӵ»ͦĵġ
ֽգһЦɵˣ
ˣŵġ
ĵ𣿡
ϵǳЦֻŮ˵ĵ
Ϊ⣬ĵͺãǸɵ޻˵
ôҲ޻˵ġЦ˵ֲǸʶ
⵹Ҳǡ
*
ȰʱŻȡ¾Աߣһ⡣
ˣ
۾һϲˣҪ
ȥϴ˯
Ȱ´ȥ˾ϴ˼֡
ɴͷ泯ǰ˯ˣôŲ
û˯ðˡ̫ˡ껺˵ڶϳãĸ̫Ӷ֪ˣĸø̫ҹ
ͦá
̫֮ǰ֪˭ô
Ȱһֲڣô֪
Ƿ
ɡ
˵ԵӣҪ˻ʵۣôԸЧ̫ӵĹԱ
Ȱ׵˼֣Ƕ֪
֪ҲˣΪҪƲ⣬ⲻ֪ʵϸڡ
Ч̫ӵĹԱʲôȻ֪
²ʲô³ȰݲɳӣЧҹ̫ӵµˣһãһ˿ĻԻλвСûľϧһдѹɡڳȷվӸŸɵģһ죬ųնܲġʵԼҲǱƫһΪ·û̫ӵʲô
굱Ȼ֪ǵճӣûбΪ̫ӣ游ֿסʲôҰ
·϶û׷ϣ߽ݾˣ˾ᡣ
˴Ϣ˵ϦҹСƹһƹԵķȥĸ˵װӻλ𣿡
ֻһһͣͦλġ
ָء
ȰöͷܲҲ֪ʱͦܡ

һȥԺ΢ʱڴ££˯
ٶʱů紺ģΧ̿߻
ûѾͷС˵
Ӧˣ۾
˺ü죬ˡ˵ȹˣҾ͸˵
ϵ귢ˡ
뺰һ
·
̷еĻ·ǰ
ȥ׼ϴڵˮ
쳲һкӹ˵ߴ·ȻˣĴţҪعʱٸҪҪޣ鲻ñ֪Ͼǰš
лˣձʺĽˡ
겻֣ǰҲȥ
Ȱ״ӾڳԾȣû򸮣
ˣⲻֻˣ
ղĸҵô㲻ڼҴͣ
ü͸ŲãԺ󶼲á
סĸ첲ʣôѽǲ˵ʲô㲻ˣ
һȥͱԹͣһĲֵ򸮣Ҳû˵ʲôֻ˵Ȱһһֱ˵ûûˡ
֪ûѻ˵ȫ϶˵ʲôˡ
ȰĬˣ۵ʮָսԽ̱ŮˣԽһˡĸ׶ܲմȥ̼ʱ
ȻԺˣϾҽ֣ܹԺȲܵùЩźá
̫ҽԺԺʹʱδǿԺûʲôΪˣŸ޼ɵȰײ飬˵ˣĶҲȥڼ㡣
Ǹáͷϣ㡣
ȰŸֳЦǽɵʲôأ
⻰ûʲôͳ࣬ɵ衣
ģ׼
ЦЦ첻ܺǲǾͿˣ
նܡ
Ŷˡ
ܲ
ȰſŲҪϴˡ
ȰЦ
*
ĽϺܲ޸ԼһĸңܾЧҪһء
鲻ûҪǿջЦ
ǰǵվߵģϾھǣֲԶ
Ҳˡ
ĽϸԼȻ˻棬һع
Ȼ˹´ٳǶˡ
Ʋ٣ԭ᲻࣬һ޲״Ӧ
Ȼݳ˵ȫ޵ˡӣóȻܳõڹš
˼ȥѯ޿ɲԽޡ
޾ͺܺ棺ôϲĸˣ
ǰֻű£ջʹҴһعڳĸ׶Щʱദ
뵽ɱ¶ֺſʼĸ޵ģĽϵĻû˿Ļɡ
޾һ
ԸޣǳĸĪҫȻǻϲġֻСҪػοʱ򣬱²Ȼع
⻰ˣʺʱôˣ
ǻʺ󣬲ΪϲĳӾͲ˴֣²ǳһ˵ģһ㳼ġĽеҲ֪ⱲӶ޷õµģԺҪɫҲʲôȻȥɡ
ʲô˵ˡļͷһع
ĽϼִˣҲ˵ʲôл¡
Żɽȥˡ
⵽ˣߵĵ
һʱһʱĹȥĽϵơ
ۿɫҪˣֻȥŻɽ˵һɵ˻ǵһΰѽȥˣʶء
Ͼȥ˲˸ɵš
ţȥ˻˵ûھŻɽ衣
ĽϾòܣӦȥˡ
Ѳûּ߲ˣ
Ľϰµģ˼ȥθΪȥһ˽ѽܽرڼŽܺĴһ½衣
кԺʹʺû£
·ģް״Ѿϴλ赹ʱ˺ܶ࣬θﲻӦųʳܵ˴̼
ĽϽӻֲˣԺʹ㿪θʳӸ
Ӧ£д÷Ӻ뿪ˡ
£һعòټĸףȥͬ˵˵
֣ȥɡ
ĽЦЦӰ١
ȥ·ϲʣֱȳ
ū澰ּ˽Ժʹ˵Ѿˣū澾ڸ˵˴ŷϡԼСŮȥ游ݻûءū澾ʽԺʹôûһȥ˵ʱˡ
ϸСĸңĸʣҲԼĸңˣвΪ
ȻϹȥˣ߶δϡ
ûȥҲãҲȥˡ
Ľ˵û˵ʲôˡ

ճţ˹
û˯ãͷģҪڹĸλɡ
һһ棬ĽֻǶߡ
ƫƫǶӶûȣôأ
λϣЦҪˣһ̡
̵ʱ뿪
ּɫã˰˲Ѫࡣ
ĽϾ˯ˣ˯ʱһʱ
ָ˯ĳūҲûԺʹˣ˵ƽ
ǲŰѹô
ǽҪӻء
Ľϵͷȶˣ
Сʱˡ
ɡ
ӦųңܴŹٷһ󱻴
˵ó仰
Ľʲô
ܻأ˵챻游ϡ
֪ԼΪλҪȣ
˻ǿ
֪޺˯˭ֲ塣
˵Щ˺ʲô˵
Ľֻͷۣ˼֣ΪҪĻأ
һҭü΢գ֪֪ÿȥ游ң׶ᱻ游˸ԼλȰƣƵˣ游ЩƲ˵ȥʵҲʱؼҵģĸˣ˵ҶѵüǲΪĸûˣͲˡ
ĽϿ֪ܴĺܣȴû뵽ô
㸸׺ʲôӣ
ͷ˯ƷҲ˵
ĽɫһЩ֪Ľҵ𣿡
֪ʳˡ
Ҳ汾Ӵһ仰
ܵͷ뽲
ĽֻڱƤӵ£طġ
ǣһԭ˵
Ľϰһ֣ȥɡ
ǣˡ
ܳ˷͹Ĵſڲųһ̫ҽԺ·һֱֱɢֵؼҲźתࡣ
ĽϵĻԭⲻת˽ֵԸ游һ¶ŭˣ䷴иڱǰơ
ȥ游һˣԸǣ糣ӽˡ

55

Ļһ
סҪ游ҶϾϵ
𣿡ڴ, ھ͹ȥ
ܼѾ, ҲȰ˵, ĬĬ˳˷š
ʣ½һˣ˹ȵ, ˵ľɥ
ңһӦǰûڡ
ҹ˽
ԡȥ˾·ȥ˾ŻɽûĽϡ
Ϊûȵ˾ˡ
ӾŻɽȥʱᵽʲôձĵ
ϼ֪ܲҲûȥɡ
֪⡣
ýܽ
ĨһԼ¡
ʱ󣬽ܻˡ
δԷȽ˽ķ䡣
ףȥ游˵, 游ĸ֮ʼԵɣֻ˵ײϲƣҪ¡ú̸, ˵ԺȰȾ, û, ˸׵̬ȡ
š, ȥԷɡ
ܼ۾΢죬׿ɳԹˣ
ùˣȥɡ
ܴӷ, ڲո游Һǰǰֱ˯ˣ
԰, һǰô
꿪ʼײȥ游ˡ
һΪʲô
ᷳ˱ȰƣҪ±ˡ
ᷳȰֱ˵ھǣ游Ҳǿѵģڶ𣿡ϾҲ̫ˣ˵ĸûˣǵ׻µ游ҡ
ֻǸԼȥˣ˵糣ܲϣ֮˵֪ǲϣӱ֪ҸʲôѾɸģĪ˵֮Ǹײ졣
ܲʹ죬ýһҲԼȻûˣҲԼĸңԴ˲ȥԺԼȥ棿
Ǵ㸸ʲôҪ£ǰᷳôСô
壬ǳ͢سѵûҪˣ֪ǰᷳǿĸ׵ϲƽϰˡ
ҲǣĸˣҲνˡᣬԺޣµݿˣĸײʮ粡ȥˣλӣ
εֺο˵⻰ĸ׻ŵʱģŵʱҲܵ˸װٰϣΪ˸ĸβʲôҩûΪЩ길ôģﲻѾûˣαػҪ׺뱲ΪȢοҲûȢ𣿡
ûȢԺ˵ˣǿ뱲ӲȢǾûǸҪ
ܲϿ⻰ûҪûҪˣؼΪûбҪٳ׽׵ıȱȽǣ׾ܾˡһ츸ҪȢޣһҪˣ˭ס
ϲˣȷһ֮
ĬƬ̺˵ĸ׻ŵʱ򾭳߶˵㸸ӹѵʲô¶䲻ȣʲôëֻܾΪ˾ǰЩҲ֪ʲôԵʣѷĸ׵ĶŽ˲ֿ⣬ĸ׵ǳԵˡ
ǻǰֻһ棬ྴô꣬Ҳǲˡ
*
Եķûֱӻ̩˷͹
ôӹˣϴڱˣ
ŭ޿ǰͲȥĹޡ
ĽϷϣôأֻǱƽʱ򲻳Щ֡
Ҫ˹ĴлڣʺΪΣ
Ľû̻شĻ˵»ʶӺ󣬳׷ٹĶģҲ֪½ˣ㻹ǵ𣿡
ţ˵ȥġ
檾òʵȶºͳ檶ǵһ˵һסĹô֪ģ֪ȥĶ򵽣ֲǳĶԳΪ˵Ĳʵⲻ׷鵽ǰ˽¸л˹ĴϺܣ檻ģû֤ݣҲȷֻ˵ɣֻϣڲҪͬ⣬׷ȶԴ١
޳˼лұЧҵĿ̫ӣѾ֪лҵʵˣ
лȵӸֶҩΪ
ƽʱ㵨СҼӺչлʲôҵģң檻ûж϶Ϊֻǻ׷СĽ˵ҳҲʵڲǺлҵĶһҪᡣ
ԣȷ֪лҵʵֻЩɰˡ
ڻУҪڹĴС£ͱ¶Ϸˣȥ飬ţ
ŲݾܾĽƵģҪƽ
ǲлΪлйϵ
ϾѾ£ƻҲѾ⵽ϳͣ¶лΪ׷ɲһ˵𷣡
Ϊȥлңԣ㡣
Ǿ£Ҫָ¶Ҳ˳檰ɡĽ˵Լɣһ糼檸ղԣٹƵԴûкʵȷϡ¸ռӺչĽŶãû̵õѵǰĻʽֶδɻ飬ȳɻ𣿡
˼Ǹ̫һȰѻ¶¡
ҲɡĽȰ裬檾ٹ˵Ļ±ȽϺá
ȫԼƻĻ£ָлּŸĽ˵ġ
֮ûƹӦĽϵҪǿǵƻı꣬²ּͬ룬϶
Ǿ˵޴ӦˣĻԺ˵
Ľϣ˼֣л¡
޺ͷסӣʺѾû̷ˡ
ⲻôźӾͲˡ
ֲǷҪСƽ̫ӵʱ㲻Ҳ̷ͦ޵ôôһ̥ˣ
ˡĽϴ과檿ɾʮˣﻹܸǰȣ껳̫ӣ檾õĺܣڳȥ߸һӶ̷ۣҲ
ˣס꣬һ㶼ϣǺᡣ
¾ͻ峼檿ġ
˵ʵ
Ľݸ檲̷Σ½ȥõĹŶʮĺܣضñ⡣
ǽ޾ȥǶ˵ϸ۲ɫĽϵϳЦ޶ı顣
Ľ˵ĻҲǣôˣϰˡ
ǵõɻұŮˣ޵һ
ҲΪˡ
ȴЩǻһҪôȣҪϰҪ޶ԡ
Ľϲ֪룬ģȥĶȥĶڷ͹ġ
뵽ϼĽŶ˼ڷ
ϣָֻС˰ʱˡ
ûޣ
ûУ̩޵ġ
˵ŭˣ
ҡͷ˵ûУߵʱŭ
»̩
ԭĽҲû룬ֱϸ밲ߺͬĽ˵һ仰
檵˻ʺ㡣
Ľʲô˼ʲô㵱˱
ҧֵȥ檲ƣҶǺڵģʲôҲ˺§檺һʺ󡣡
Ȼأ
檾˵Լˣǻʺ㡣¾ֱӰ檸ƿˣȻˡ
ĽϼĬƬ̺ʣɺȾˣ
ûС
ǾͶˣȥʶѣôܰ㵱ɱҲһʱΪûƺ֣Щ²ߵģǰ㵱˱
ĻеϾ⹬ŮֻĽ޵ʱࡣ

˺ּĽҲ˵˼ʲô
ǲС˵Ļ
ʲôֵġĽ˵ֻ룬ǰôͲùʱھһֶĸо´γʱӶˡ
֪֮⣬ǵСˣҲûᣬʱǻᴫٽȥ̩ô
ڹ̫ΣˣҲ˵˼仰ڹȥ̩·ǱµˣϴιԷð̫գԺǲҪˡ
ȷֻ£һСı֪˿ô죿
Ľ˵ԺҪʲôһýԺʹԺڹϢͲҪٸˡ
ǡ
*
ڳˢ룬⴫Ī֮ĺ
Ӧһִ磬𣿡
š
һˢ÷ϣ˲ֵſڽӹ
ŵ˭
Ǹ
ɻŴ򿪣ʱ֪Ī֮еĹ˭ˣҵŮ
Ԫģ˵Ů͵ţҪĻҪ˵˾ڸⲻԶ
룬ȥ֪ꡣ
ȥҪ˵ʲôĪ֮һȥ
ɫˣû˸ŲС
á
Ī֮˸ſھͼԶͣһվһλŵŮ
Ҽҹڳϣһȥɡ
ʽȥеƣԪɼ
ľԶ룬Ҫ˵ʲô

˵ɣĵ
ôҲ
ڵķŲŲߵľôԶ
ˣԪûԶˣٽЩô
ҪľһЩδ
㣬һƽǵҩǮ֪ЩҩĺܹأܻҲֻˡ
ȥһƱûӡ
ҿӽ㣬Ҫ㣬ǹ㣬ЩҩǹһƬ⣬ȸ˳ȥͲ㻹ƱҲգҲҪġ
ҪߣԪסĸ첲һû˵ء
£˵
Һܺ˵Ļֱһϲ㣬㻹Ըһ𣿡
治֪ôģǵͬôһ𣿸˵ڸ쳴أһ̤
˵Ļ棺˵ĻҶˣ˵ִҪң㿴㲻ô
ڲǸôҲ˻ȨҲûѻ˵ôˣ˵ֻҪϲ̧檡
˵Ļһ˲ֻЦİԼδʶ
ĵĳСˣΪƬֱʧ
ҪҸ檣
֪ί㣬һһӶõġԪ˸żᶨġ
ݾÿЦӻǲɵˣҲ˵ͬЧҵһӣҸ檣Ԫ붼Ҫ룡
˳ԼѾ˶󣬵һ룬˵
ûɻ飬ȥʲô˵
쳳˻飬ʱҲøԼҹһš
˵ҪߣԪٴסŲҲˣЩʱ䣬һ˵ġ
һ⣬ˣҼȲңҲΪĶϱҪǣҲϲˡ
Ԫ絶һɣĻᡣ
Ī֮ع
صңԪĶԻһ顣
ū澶ܾƱū𣿡
ȻþܾˣҪǽˣҲҪúʰأЩҩǮƺûЩҩˣ˵ҩǺεȵƱֱҡ꿴ۿ죬Ц˵뻨ǮİͲᣬĺá
һð檣Ĵȥɣ
£һҪ˭檰


56

뿴ȥ, ֻȰͶһǰһ
Ȱ׵ʻ, Ԫ
Ȱ, ˣ
Ů˵ҪĻ˵, ˾ڴţҾĪ֮һȥˣԪҪҩǮûӣ֮˵ͬðˡ
ȰһȣôصĻ
˵붼Ҫ룬Ȳ޸ңҲΪĶϱ, Ҫǲϲˡ
ĵ׵ķŭϲڸǣǰѰˡ
ˣ
ߵİһֱֱ鷿ߡ
Ȱ׿϶, Ҫ, ڵ˵ơ
Ȧڱ, ǽ, Ƶߣ᲻֪ôľˡ
쳵һμޣĵҳһ, ȥᣬޡ
üۣʵ˵ҲΪ, ΪԼԼɵġ
ӲѣͳΪڹߵӦˡ쳰§ڻ˵ɵ
ͷĿڣ쳣̤ʵ
ļ˺ദ𣿡
ദĸƢܺãҲܺ񣬽Զ䲻ΪҲºֶ͡˵үĶסҾĶס븸ĸҲסһ㲻Ҫʲôǡ
ʣԺ𣿡
ᡣ
ƼҴȨأ
ġ
ת࣬ʮҵǳɻ𣿡
쳻ҪʲôԼһ
ϲѣѹסĵļһá

Ϩ˵ƺʣÿȥһ죬;˵Ļڽһգ㵽ûн
Ȱһ²еķ˭
ϷһЦô㿪ʼˣ
Ų
ҿ
죬ҲǱ˵ģֻҪ롣
Ҳ룬Ҳ롣ԵһŲó֣ڿǵԼҪá
˼ײˣָĲƻô
ʲô㣿
Ȱֲģʲô
˵˵ߡ
۾
Ȱ׵ȥļû嶯һѣԼת˹
ڱȰ׽˫־ٵͷʤ
ǿķϡɤԵЦ⣬ڲˡ
´֪ʲôˣԴӸ˻飬ʲôˡ
ɿ
ſӾҪ´
ʲôȥ
侲侲
Цȥ涳侲
Ҫ̫ˣȥ棬úñ㡣
㵽Ҫô֪
Ȱû뵽ô׷ʲţĵˡ
ص²˵˭׮飬˭ճаʱ䣬˵ˡ
ҪҰæ𣿡
ãһᴦá
ԴӸһ˵ʲôúзĪİġ
֮˶٣ԸΪ㾡һеΨһѡ
˵ʵǵһμ棬ԸԸҵ㵱ʱʲô
𣺡û
°ߵʱأ
ƽȻʵ
ˣ֪ҵһۿʱʲô𣿡
Ȼ֪Ըϴ
ر֪ܴûʹ
Ȼѹȥ˺ܾãȴϵ¼̡
ʮϣԲĹһһȣϴ˿ЦƳֵ˵ʲôںߵĵϡ
ҵʱ룬ǵĺӳÿ϶ܺÿ
ȰʧЦ㵱ôģ
档룬㵱ʱƭ˵Լ˻飬ôԣҲǰġૣ֪㻹δɻ飬ҸĶˣǡû˾ƣӸֻΪҵ
ʵĺʲôʱϲģ
ǰ̫ˣҲǾˣղҲ¶ʲô
ȫճĺܡ
֪ǲʧãŻ
ͷȰףԺܶܶຢӣ㡣
źá
ǾͶ㣬Ůҡ
Ŀٺòˡ
*
ϳŮ浽˹
ĸŮ˸ׯķʽԴװ
߸յ͹ûһǱ˾ʹˡ
˵˻ӻĽϵã̫ӴȥԷ÷ȥɣĿɺÿˡ
Ľӱ˴˵˽⡣
˫ĸ⣬Ҳ˵
˾Ȼϲ⼸һ뵽Ҫ棬ùˡ
δ¶֣ɵĻأǣʹǰȥ
ͬһߣԼǺͷš
˿̸̸ֿʫ廭
ֱ˹Է˾ú˼ˣ˵Ҫ÷
÷ǣ֡
÷شأ÷˱ǣ˵Ӱֻ䣬һֱߡ
ȵŲͣµʱ˾ᱧܵıסĲӡ
Լ߾ͺá
Ь̫ˣۡͷ˵ұߡ
Ҳۡ
ᣬᡣ
ɫ΢죬Ŀڡ
ϲϵϢʲôϵζԼеġ
ô˵
ŵ¸˵Ĳ֪˵ʲôˡ
»ؼɾ¸¶鵱ˡ˾ͷ˵ĲҶ˵˵𣿡
Ȼˡô᲻룬μ˵£ͬ˵˺ܶܶ໰
˵б𣿡
У𣿡ٯ
˾ˣ߶ȥ÷Ӵˡ
ĶͷĶͷ۾Žߵ˵
浻˻С˵μùŮٽ̵ɡ
˾һ㶣Ϊʲôû뵽
ȻʧЦַڴߣҲҪǸ海ıǡ
浲ԶǣϾǶûжȹ
ֻţûҪ
ֻһΰˡ
벻ȥǾﲻǺܰȫ
ȥ𣿡
ôԣתת
ϲĿǰΪֹҲȥһε¾סĵط
˾ʮǴΣ׼λسЯӵϵŮμӡ
ȥڶأ߰ɡ
÷ֵʱɿָֻʱ״̬
ϴȣûʲô仯
ֻķ費ͬˡ
Һֺţ˶档
£ʲô
дҵţһĻ
浿˻ЩжôԶˣ»أ
ţһٸһ𻭻
ڣ
˾׼ֽī
ʲôأ
ͻյ÷֣Σ
ͬ⣬һһӵʱ㻭ˡ
Ҳûȥˡ
Ͼܵôʱ䳤ˡ
ǰᱧ˺һɿ
ϣڵʱŲ֪ˡ
¶Է䵭Ŷ
ϣŮģ
ȻˣЦݶûС
ϣŶһ
ȷ˾˽ͨžΪҵԵʡ
ʶ浵Ĺ㣬˭֪Ƶģ黭ʫʸ踳ĸҲͨûóֵġ
һԸܶڵĹ㣬ôܵõ̫ӵ
ò
浵ȷúã쵰ƤףЦиȾ
ڹòŮѣΪСﳤ˾ͼˣʲôر
ֻ˵ļֵ֧̫ӣ³˷֮⣬ƺҲûиõ̫ѡ
˺ʱ֮ǰǰ㱧˱ȥҹ
ҵĵѾϨˣϣűڵʮּȡ
Ȳܿû˵ôš
첲Լϣǡ
ʱ洫߱ˮ
ϣһ飬Ͻů϶˽ȥ
ϣǰ¡
˯ǰů̫ʢڸɵĲС
˾۲ӹ
ϣĽǶȣ˾Ŀ´Ϊ۾ĽϣëֳֺСˢӡ

ϣӹձƽɺñ۾ӲδǺãµţ±ȴĸ첲ס
ֻ˾΢۾˵֣á
ǣ¡
ϣŵƺˮȥ֮ۻذϡ
ºҹѰ
˵߱ʹΪҲڣ˵ˣϢʱҲ
ҹߵ˵Լһˣ̫ˡ
ʱ䶼Уʹõơ
뵽Ժ󳤴ҪЩƣ빬ıƻ飬ƺЩöˡ
*
ܿ쵽ʮԪڣȼ²µճԪӣ﹬ⶼ֡
Ľϻ˯޵ĿϷûȤ
ʵĺܣԼҲûȥ
Ľ˯Ժʣʺ˵ӳ㻹ޣ
Щˣ۾һ˭֪ˡ
ƽȫȻƲ޷ʲôã̫ӱӺ촽ޡ
Ӣ˿ʣǺˡ
޵͵Ц𣿡
š
ڶﺢӵĳ⣬Ľˡ
ǳԼЩߴǳ񽭺Щƺزۼ󣬰ѺӸͳ⣬һԼһҲѺͳȥ
˵ĺٻδų˭ǿֱġ
ϾҲѾӣŮճʲôֶ֪ġ
𽭺裬˯ȥĸ࣬Ľϻۿޣڻ磬˯ȥϷɡ
ȥˡɡ
С޵Ĺϵ޸ΣĽԼҲ
ƹûӦ˵ȥƹĴҲ࣬ƺеʱ̫һΪϲݣҲ˵׼
£ˣ
ܳ˯ģָĲ
Ľԣʱ˵ס
˹лڵ¶²ˣ
Ǹ˵ˣ˲޹أȥġ
ĽʱһᷳĿ˵檵ȷˡ
ޱ飬֪ǲԼĻ
ҲãҲãֻ
תƻ⣬ȥƹ˵ҪԼýܸҡ
氮ı˵ĻأǿĻûϷͰ۾ϳд𣿡
޵ܴٳҲһ
Ľһ䣺ͷ
Ȼ֪ǰٳŻûɣǵģϾǰںܶѾ˺ܴĸı䡣
Ǽ£һԸǾͳɻˣ»ʽ˵˼Ը⣬Ҳǿ
ҲôģܲΪôһ˽ģ
Ľһ֮㲻˵ˡ
ֻ޲ðѵӰɸӡ
˯ǳ׵ױûˡ
Ȼرһˡ
üֱۣͦıЦĴһһ麰ֵ
³ˣָ

֪ûҲԼ
ڲµʱ䣬ôôңԶ
֪¸µĶʽ϶ܼţҲֻܼܲ˵һ仰δ֪
ĽЩ꣬һԵ§ôˣǲ˯ˣ
±§檣ȡ
ҪҪѻˣ
ǻ
⡣
Ľȥߡ
ֻƢ޳˵Ҳ˯ţһ𡣡
ȥ⹬ɳߣ¿ɷ
ͬˣȥȥ
Ľ֪ʱ϶裬㡣
һȥ⹬
ΪԪڵԵʣƸЩӳյĺˡ
ĽϵԼĶϣ˿ƽ
ĿⲻɨԶʱˣվһӰǽ衣


57

, ޷֡
ҵ, ֮Ҳȷûڵķơ
ĽϵǷ, һߵȥ
쳣ʱеŮϢ
, ˹ֵʱСˤͷ
ôôСģôˣ
Ѫ̫ҽѾȥˡ
޵һŮĽ˵ѪʺȥȥǶתת˾ͻط͹
Ľаϲ, Ǳ½Ķ
Ƕ
֪ˣ˹϶˾ţ¿ǰȥɡ
޴, Զ, Ľϻͷ, ϣ֮, ȥڹڵűǣøű
Ӧ뿪
ĽϽŲδӿ죬ĳǰš
ʲô쳣
ֻǿɽʱת˷
ָղҲδƼڸ, ֻĽߣûж룬ֱǰ, ־ֵͬʱ˲ΪʲôĽϻ⡣
⸽⣬ʲôطԹǼ棿
µĽ϶Ƽ
Ծĺ˼ת߿

ɤ΢ƣ鿴糣ɫȴЦ⡣
ĽĬĸں棬ȥʯദ
ռխһ˲ͨλƫƧҵԶЩ谵ޱȡ
ĽϼȽֺ£֯һ˸վ˫־ͱס
ûи˵Ļᡣ
Ľϱŵˣղģˣﻹа侲ӣ
֮ôˣ
Ĳƾǲˣ
Ľ죬Ȼû˵
֮ǰ˽¸Ŀϸĵġ
˵
ޡ
ǲˣ²ΪˡëĶ䣬û롣
̧ͷֱӣ֮ǰ⣬ 
պһͳʹüͷĽš첲һ£ž棬ٸҺԣ
չüЦˣס֣
Ľʱô⹬øһô
һˣЩܡ
˵ں˼֣Ļǰǰδ˵
Ľϵ֪Լһһɨգ˵ĺá
𣿡
֪ҲС
֪ж룬𣿡
ħû취мܡ
Ľ˺һ󣬽ƽܿ˶·⹬
ֿĽϻص͹㱸ˮ
޻ʱԡá
ѯ̴ֵ·߸հϣƿš
޻еˣƺʲô
ĽϲͷЦӯӯ¿˵Ц˹ôˣ
޼ȥһȦ˺ܶ࣬˿ڲûʲô󰭣ͺˡ
Ǻá
ȥڻǰ£޾ڴ߾ע
ĽϱĿ⿴Ĳڣ΢΢תһЩ
ͷɣҲû˵
ˣĽϴ˵ƺҲȥ˴ڲࡣ
ʺ󡣡
ţ
㻹𣿡
Ľԣʣ
ôҲȫİô꣬аһ
Щ۵մ⣬ã˶ԱµİǶˣ¸ҪҲòš
˵۾˯ȥ
ĽϾȵĺԸ첲ͷʧˡ

ظſڣʣ£
Щִ٣үɷݣڸӽջˡ
˵¶˵ˣû뵽Ϊ
ɡ
ΪҪϾͬˡ
һʱϲѣϽȥˡ
ܺãڴҲǲϵڻĽϵļ档
ֺãޱʳ֮衣
İϤ̶ʱˡ
趼ŹٳԼȻһŮ
үˣ𣿡
е͸Ųã˯ͻȥ
ٲ˵ʵʵ˯
ϣ뼸λسּ̩˺ް£˵ý褵¶
ԼʱȢޡ
ϹЦȴݾܾ˽һʱ䣬ʵڲϲˡ
˵ü޾ûǿ˼ֻ˵ãδй䣬뽭ٺʲˣ޾ͬôһ˵Ը棬Ǳ㵱ûա
޵˼ô꣬㻰ʲô١
ûвԸ棬ֻദϲµĺ⡣
䲻и˵˲ǿġ
费ȥ죬⻹ǿ
л¡
*
ĽϺ֪ܿ¶ǽġ
˵Ҫ룬ֻǷװװӡ
ĽЦˣô
ԣ룿㸸СһЩҪʲôźá
ǡ
ߺּĽϷе˲᲻һԣ˵ǲͣ޵лȥɺֿʼ򽭴˵⡣
Ĳͣ˭ݵģ˭ĵģĽֳ־ǰôݣݵĶô棬Ҷһ֡
Ҳᶨֱָ¸ƭˡ
֣˶Ž褵Ķ򣬶ʱһ㱨
ǣū
ԭֻǵĽ褻ԼǰԽˣֶΣֻҪʵ˹ϵǽ費ȢҲȢˡ
֮ݶҵ˲ϻ㱨ԼָĴԣĽϷԼȫˡ
ԭ˭ԼһΪ˴ﵽĿĲֶΡ
ǰİͷ档
Ͳͬˣܵ޵Խ⹬
ÿȥμӲ͸
ÿյɢֵʱһߵ⡣
ÿȥŰݷãõ˽ҳϲ
ÿһСϲ
дõܡ
ܶܶ࡭
µ׵ʱĽϴ֪˽褵䡣
ʮꣿ
ĸ֪Ǹ常ļġ
Ľҡͷĸֻ˵ͱСĶ࣬ȴû뵽Сôࡣ
겻֪뽭ĹϵȻҲûܻЩʲôֻʵʵ˵ȽԺʹͶСأعǰȰ˵ɢֵſھȻƼǹ鱧һ飬Ȱ˵ˣٹԱҲƼˣ黹һء
δƼĽǸʲô档
㸸ʺ߿Ҫء
촽ǳɣļƻóˣ˵ģ̫ҽԺǾͳԴкߣﱸüˡ
ƻóˣҲòҪġĽûЦݣڲİĸӡ
ĸɫЩףǲĶ
ĽϰһԼüģһڹ£ֻЩˡ
˯ϢϢȻȥˡ
ذɡ
ּԶСʣҪҪū澰ѽԺʹʣ
ˡĽϷȥ˯ᡣˣöҵ˳ˡ
µƣ룬ÿ춼Ҫ
ֹȥңվû˵ʲô
һ˯ĩˡ
ūȥ˵ʱ򣬻㱨˵ĸһ޶ȷһֵԭǽ褾͵ֹ˳ͬһߵġ
еķװװӵʮ˳Ϧദģѵʱ仹𣿡
ҲǱ¾ʱ̡
Ǹ˶ӡ
Ŀɿڴ´·Ҳ̸˹ȥ
ûƽʱθڿ϶ԵĲࡣ
֮죬ĽϰʱһʱʱѾ˯ˡ
ڷ͹ûĽ˵һ仰
ⳳҲװ˯ǲӦ
˶³䣬Ľˡ
ʽ¡أͷɹڣױݴ۽ǵ׺һĨ̺졣
ʽ⹬ĵУȥʱ޹
̫ӵĶʺ󲻿𣿡
Ľ򴽣ºԼó檲ģûкܼȴϲ÷ĵס
𣿡
Ľϰת˹ȥûĻ
ĵͣ£ȥֵݸ
Ľϴϻһн˴š
ٹԼ嶼Ѿȫˣдһء
ֱ˸λϲŶ׼ƽ
ǳһʱĽЩסϾҪʱ䱣ֶ̬
ǲĲͣСʣۣ
Щ
ʽˣٵȵȡ
Ľվķ浣۵˼⣬¿ǳɻʱҲǸ̫ƵЦݶûУ檸һǿġ
޿ȥ¶Цݣͦġ
ȳá
гһ̫Ӷ˴λǷ̫ӵҳô̫Ҳɱ֮¡
֮⣬Ц͵Ĳٵ֪֪ͣжĽλãȻ˵Լã
Ľϲ֪˵ʲôã⻰ûӡ
ȶʽɵһ̣ԼҪˡ
޼Ľüվ
ǣĽϵߣһƬ
Ľ̨׵ʱ򵽵׿һ۽裬һۿ
һڵϵͷ
Ľջǰһȥ
ѯʣ¸һǣߴý¶չһˣ
ʲôǣߴý޺ǳ֮
ĽЩЦǲǾƭô꣬ɵһ
ʲô֮Ϊӹûʡ
𣿡
ȻûУҲˡ
ĽһּɼĶһ£ǳ檾ǰϲºˡ


58


ϲʲôҪϲҲǹϲͽŶԡ
´װͿıóĪĽͣ, Ȼ󲻹޵, Լ, Ȼذɡ
װͷ·Ь, ߻ط͹ٲҪ࣬࣬Ҳһ
޸ˣȥץס󣬵ͳʲô
檺֣Ľ߽ްĺܽôңֻԼߣ𣿡
, ȥ
Ľʹ֣ɿ
ƫƫ߬󣬾ǲ֡
޷ȰʺǲҪԲ
⻰һ˫, Ľĳ, վû, ߬֡
һ, ʺĵſںܶǿ, ҪôҿЦĶׯأĶȥˣҪޱ㣿
ĽƳȥһۣҲȺС
ջĿ⣬һ˿ǻ, ֡
һ㶣ϸ۵ˮ⣬ɷ˵ۻصǰ
ȥ·˽ԳĬš
͹ſڣнȥûֱӻ̩
صңĽȡͷϳصķɹڣѻ·ȡӵһߣæ
ֵ
Ľڴߣִ࣬Ըȥκ˴š
ǡ
ֳȥͷ߬󴦣һ顣
ɵϣֻûۣ˯ҹҪѡ

նû͹Ҳûȥĵط̩
ʮ죬٣͹ǱŲκ𣿡
ر£ǵģƽҲûܼŻʺ档
üϵıط¡
ټվ𣬡¿Ҫȥ͹
Ŵû˵ֱֱߡ
͹κˣȴΨסһ֮˭ָأ
޳ͨ˴ţͨˡ
ΪĽ϶㲵ĲУȻĽɫڹԺڷŷݣ˼򵥵ķ٣׵ѣĵŷߣδŮһ
޸ֶվ
һǰȿҪһ֡
Ľϲ֪ˣЩ֡
ӵססߵ֣ް˳С
Ľϵһǧɣתͷ۾¹·æôпչ
ǹûˣ
ĽϷϣᣬһӲҲֱ¡
΢ֽ֣һֱĽҡ
ˣôСƵģƽӾ㡣
泼ôǳģ泼檲𣿡Ľֵ¸һôˣ檲ֻׯѵ֪𣿡
ס򦣬ͱĽ϶㿪ˡ
ٶȻŭ޽ڴϣס֣ͷҪ
Ľһθ״æ㿪ͷŻ
޵ɫѿ˼㡣
Ц»Ҫ
ĽϿվһԲˡ
æʰĽȥ˿ڣɫ
Խķ˳Ľֳһ١
óԣ¶ĺӲûθҲǿԼԡ
ճָˡ
һ֮ͨǰΪ˴ţ˭ֶû
̫Ӷˣ
ÿն
ĽϿڴͷ˵ɡ
ǡ
ܴӽһֱڹ۲ɫֻϲŭûʲô
Ըǲʲôˣ
ʲô⣿
СתｭĻ˵֮ûʲôϣҪ
Ľϵû˿Ĳҵ˽¸޹أظʲô㸸׷ģǹ˽˽ֵ
˰أ̫ӵ¶պ󣬸ײ跹˼ҹѰޣҲѾϱ˵ﲻˡﲻģŸײţãȥҲֱӸߣֻ䴦
Ľɫӣº࣬ԺʹղԲǱ˼Ǻ֮ԣǽΥԸ̫ѺΪǣǳӣԼĿԣ˽±棬ʲô
֪ⷬ׶ǲ˵ġ
صҲǾʵˡ
ô˵
ǵģס
۵ţָֻܿ糣ֻԽ˵һ֪ˡ
*
ʮ죬ĺϻϸӡ׼졣
ϴδĺϻ쳣ȴǴԼġ
׹ĵطֻοĲǻǻ
ġ
ȣػط˺üŰѻ
ûȵڣʱ쳾ͻˡ
ûֱӹȥˡ
쳿һñŮӳԼӰϳ
ס
ժñȵĿڣ㲼ùˣ
һˡ
ȥȫµģһЦôҲˣ
֮ǰǴ󡣡
뵽ԼĻէȻˣ૵㻨˲Ӱɣ
΢Ҳûطһܾܺõġ
˵ǮӹóʣЩ㱣ܡ
ӹȷϣϻ˳Ȼҵļһ
ѱԼǷݣΪǸԱģڶԷĺϻд
ɣݺϻһǳˡ
»Ҫȥ𣿡
ȥմ±Ƚæǰ˫֣ϸʲô
ûʲôرԵģ㿴ŴɣҶС
ãǡˡ
ɿûɿżһСۣҵ㡣
쳲̲סϴ뵽ӵĽ˶ųȥ
ǵһ⣬ȴĪʸС
ԼЯǮ쳵Ǯõϣһ𵹳úһ
ͷķڹСͷķԼĺɰá
ڴϣ˷ܣԼһɵ֡
ȵ쳰ű³ɢڴϱš
ԼԼǹģԡˣͷոɡ
ĸáѷзŵϣԡ
ͷһ´ǰԷ
𣿡
ùˡ
ȥ˾רˮĵطԭûУΪ˰ġ
ԡȥڡ
뵽ٳȥᷢʲôȺֽţĥ˺һ뿪
쳿ڴͷЦ֣
ǰʱ˴
Ķˣûţլӵ˻᲻ᡭ
ģլӵ˶׷үĿ֮ˣү˽¸Ǵк֪ҵ˭ɻǰǰֻܴڷ棬ԺҲڸȣֱӽǡ
Ц֪ʣ ˭
̺ʵж֮ǰ˵֣ӡ
Ȼûʲô
ڿ֮ǰ֪˲¡
ɻֽߣÿջдʱ䵽ŷſڣǱȰ׵ľ֮ߵķس
ʱ֪ܶԼŮǰʲô˵ĳڡ
֪ԭֹ˻Ůͬᡣ
Ψǣ쳺ϲ
ǵԼʲôʱ˯ŵģֻ֪ʱѾʱ
ڴע
ӣֻôûȥ¡
ү˵϶ˣϢһ졣
Բ۵ġ
Ц
˶
ȥϴһ¡
ȥϽ˴
ϴѷ˹
ˮģʣ˭ģ
Ұģܲڶģ㳢
ӹһŵ̵壬óԡ
óԾͶԵ㣬Ķࡣ
ôԣ
ǻųˡ쳸˵ţ⴫һĸߺĸˣ
һɤŵðڵء
˶һۣȶһ£ȻԼȥˡ
ĸףôˣ
ѡ˵žҪߣȴ£Ұɡ
ôĸһˮȣЦʡ
ǣǶмҪȥ졣
˵ȥ죬Ҹʰһӡ
ĸףˣܸɾ
ԽԽɣ۾һתѵй
쳷ϣôأ
Ϊʲôݶҽֱֱʲô
쳿ǷҪȥˣֻ˵ȷйˡ
ĸʲôϻ𣿡¶ϲɫ˵͵ˣĸ״ʲôۡ
˵ԶϸʣôʶģסĶ
Ҳ˵ӿԸĸףﲻúÿԸദҲڿ졣
ôһ˵ϲѣһĸ첲ĸ׾֪ҵĶ۹ⲻġ
³˸֮⣬ĸ׻Ǳ˵ˣԺӰؼҸ͸׼棬˵١
ͬ⣬еģ˽ˣ
ûá
ϴǮ֪⣬ҲûЩóԵģ˵ҵһƬ⡣
ӡ
ģܴҺ㸸𣿡ţĸǹˣ֪Ů׳ʲô£㲻Ҫһû˼ҳɻ鲻
֪
úø˼ദؼ
˸߲ҵˣ˿
·ӻңȴӰ
ĸˡ
Ŵ¹
ϸϵ̸ʣĸ֪ǹŮ᲻㲻Ҫһ𣿡
ᣬˡ˵˵ˣ˲ҸһҾͲһˣҲ̫ûˣҲϲ㡣
ֱסůůġ
*
ʮ糯˾ʼϳȺ£ҲˣǰΪ̫ӵʱȻϰҪÿռȺĸŵı棬ұ˾͸硣
޻һʱ䣬ȵӣټȰ׵ʱҲˣ֮ټسȡ
ïͻǿҷ֮⣬е֧еδ̬ȴҲ˺̬ȡ
ͬˣïһϳǵ£ûɣΪʱ
ѹ˾һЩѶȴȵǣ˾Ĵоݣ̸ȴҲ뷨
ȥȭͷ޻ϣ޴
Ų˿ŵ˾۾ʿɶֹˡ
糯ض·ϣ˾һ
ǰҲԣ˶ĴţѯʣſرԵģ
ޣⰲŰɡ
ǡ
ȥת
˾ƿҵţһĻڸʲô


59

ϣһ, æ̹˵, ¡ūžǲһӡ
ʱʱҹʱ˯˾, ˾첻ȥ糯ʱɨ, ˾ôڿ׼ˡ
ֲ࣬ʲôǰѲǺʲô
ūŲҡ
˾ڴ£һңҿҵĺܡɨôʱ䣿ǲǿ²ھͽŴɨ֮ϸ
ūĲҡ
̧ţż⹴°ͣʹ̧
˵ҪǰϷ, ûס
ϣҿ۾ֱֳ
ūŴˣ¿ˡ
˾ɿ, һ, ͲҪ, ĶĻĶȥ
ϣҧӦһ
ֽͼԭڴڴ, ּϣ˲ʲô
˳Һȥסķ䣬һͨ
Ҳ֪Ǹū, ʲôҵĹūôҲҶӵĶӻĳǲǣ
Ҿһʱ桭
ʲôֵú𣿺úðԼķþ, ԭ򡣡
ҪߣƳ˴ͷϱסһĻϣ˳Ŀ⿴ȥĽץճһš

ϣ˺˸顣
˺Ҳһֱ֡滺һ߱Ϊʲô£밤ǲǣ
Ҿ㻭ģֹǧߵ¡ϣ£ˣҲˡ
ֻ̫ѨͻͻĶϣ˵߱ǧҪԵĴһ˿˿еĻ룬ȻѹֻԼҪ֪㻭϶ߡڹϣҸһλᣬ⻭Ҿ͵ûǻ»أǾͲ˼ˡ
ллֹ
Ϊ֮
ߺϣ֣ģһƬ
ǰ컭ģǰ֪Լ뻭ʲôʺͲԾĻ˾
ϣ߬емǳûԼΪ
ֻص˾ڵķ䣬òͣ΢Цʣ£ɺθڣ
պϡ˲ˡ
ǡ
ȷȥ˾֣
æóһŷ⽻˵Ǳһˣõ²Ҫٻˡ
һſ
ֿЦݣҲ
£дʲô黰
һ̫֪кã
ֿɥ˿Ρ
˾ãŷŽϡ
*
糯ïһţԶԶƼȰ׹Ե겻糯ɷҲ
£˵Ҳô˴
¹ٿɲңû
ߵǰïĸÿջؼҳԷ
ʱȽæûա
æԷʱ䶼ûУïţؼҡ
˵ûաȰ׸ģֱӾˡ
ïתӵۡ
æɢֵʱ䣬Ȱһ⹬ȺѾõķǰˡ
£
һ£֪ɲԣ
Ȱ˵
˵Ǻܷ㣬ɷȥĽһ˵
Ȱ׾ܾɣл˵
Сʧְ˴İת˴¸󣬿ɷᷢ䣿Ҳ鷳ģʵ֪ҵδ㣬ң㡣
Ȱ֪˵ĸһʧ֣ǹ⣬֤ȷ䡣ڶְ˽ںңƾʲôΪһ㣿ƽ򸮵ķǲǶõֱӹൽյ㶼֪ˣ
ᣬ黹ࡣ
㲻ˣα˵ô
ȰͣˣҵĻ䣬ûʲô档
ҿδޣң
һͼ;δޣҪ֮ãȰױñİ취Լĸȥ˵Ż飬û뵽ԼŸɣûһ븸һ˻ˡ
ԴʧɫҪ˻飿
Ȼһ𣿡
Ҫߣǰͼסֱһ֮ͥ²Ҫô
鿴Ȱ׵ĽˣֻּڣæԼĽӻظԲߡ
Ȱ׻ïߵûգ
ûգ¹ش󣬲òס
ʲô£
Ȱ׵˵ĻǸΪѡӣҿɲҪ
ïɫǺܺãⷽﵽǸŮңҲĵ£СĶô࣬ƽ϶֪֪ҲȻȥ㡣
Ϊ֪ű¶Ůʵˮ׼Ż˵ʲôҲҪͷˣ˼ǡȰײһ䣬ԺָΪҶͲҪһС
ïвˣ
ȷвȰĿתĶŻ£ҲˣҲˡ
³ʱº˵
Ȱһ⣬ֻҪ
ï¶ʱԷʣɶԷﲻ⣬Ҫʲôģ˵ԻŸġ
Ȯӵ˼һɻ飬Ҳóޡ
벻ôҪ𣿡ӷ䣬ҪҲУҵŮ
£ΪһһȰ⺢ӲͬԼ⡣
࣬ĲܸĴһΪ»𣿡
ïЦ˵ǡ
ʱ̫ˣɻҲڰ·һ¡
ï뵽ԼӵĻȻǳĶӣˣܶ¸Ͳģǿȳʵ䷴ڼȰ׺ٻظˣǸӹϵΪƽ򸮶鲻ˡ
̧ۣ㲻Ӱſˣ
֮ǰһ¼ҵŮŮǰѼ޵Լȥˡ
ͷ´˵
*
³һδʱӰ֪˻Ϣ
˵ģ
ǵģѾˡ
һЦ˾ͺá
Ǳµ⹬¥϶ַǷ˿϶ġ
˵Ŵ΢չҲܼ
ղöһ𣿡
˵Ҳǡ򿪴¹񣬡ȥٴʲôأ
Ǹϲɫôū澾廨ӣ컪ͦãƤףϸɫ
·δˡ
·ȡָһѡΣִЬӡ
һʢװǰ⹬
ԴӵǻѸôʼһÿֻףȺ
û׼񣬶ֶֻ
쵽¥ʱȰա
֮һЦ
ȥȰ׿շ̧ǰ˻Σɵˣ
װףЦˡһץסȰ׵֣㿴ûУЦˣ
Ȱ˦֣Ҫֶš
Ŷšһű飬һ̣ݡ
񾭣߲ˣ
ߡҡͷ̾Ϣ֪Ժĸ쵰Сүʹ
ȰһϷܲܲҪôࣿ
ⶼҵʵзθ֮ԣƽһȢؼҡ
˵Ȣ˼Ҿͻ޸Ƶġ
ư̧°ͣСүӢҪмҪиӣҪְйְޣ
Ȱײ̧ܣֻЦ
¥˸ڵλ¡
ճڵķȥƣԷҲ߳Цӿ΢΢̣ԱߵȰ˵ǲǿˣǶЦء
ܰɡ
ǺãǷҪô죿磬ҵ;ûˡ
ȰײɫҲǲܡ
װףҸô죿ĿԵŮӵķġհһǵһαμӱµ磬ǰٽײûȥʱƽҲôá
ⵣǣԣ֪û˼ˣ
¶࣬˼ҲûɹԽԽ
½½¥λˡ
ý㵽µ׵˴ǰ
ĳֿ˵Ե׷߳һǶ衣
Ůý褡
ö˷ֱԼλϡ
Ľ󵽵ġ
˵Ĺϵһֱ޻ͣ·϶δ˵ƫƫſ޷Ҫǣ֡
ӽȥڻʺλ£ʼ΢ЦǰĿⲻκһͣ
ѻĸµΪĺãǰһЩԣһ˵
翪ʼԲ˵ףʣ֮û˵
ļĬȴڹ֮໹ΪٲһЦ衣
ʮΪݣȻҲ˵ѶȽϴ֣İо
һʹ֪ͣĽδΪ׼ʲô˼ȴɵ˵ѯʣʺоϲޣ
Ȼеģ֣ȥȡʹ͵˼Ľ
ǣ
ĽϺܾûˣʮʱõģ޵ʱٵרΪģΪʱ˼ΪĽȡ˼Ľ
ʱжѣԼİģҳ겻䣬ѵá
ȫȻ֪ƭƭж棬жݡ
ȡĽ϶ԣָ紺ģת
˶ΪʱĿ϶Ǹйص˲䣬ԼҲô룬Ȼľӡ
ֻĽԼ֪ٵʱȫȻһˣ֣֮Ҳû޵Ӱӡ
һˣ̧۾˹˵ĿۼǶϡ
ĽϼϲãƳһҧгݵ¶ЦݣẰһ¡
֣
ȥֱĽϸվ
һо۵׵ĽеľһҴθȴģĿ£۽Щʪ⡣


60

ʲô׶֮ʹ, ʲôǿ̹, ʲôԺ, ˸װס
ˣ, һҲϿˡ
ᣬȫޡ
ҲԣķԼʲô
Ǽ˵Ĵڡ
ԳһЦҲҶȣ֮δٵˡ
ϯûãȥĽڵλãѾûˡ
Ȼ˳, ǰ˾
Ϊ¥רŽӴԼĵطľΪĸ
ͨŮһ
ר޺ڹŮʹõġ
Ȼв𣬵λö¥ĶϽǡ
贩С, ĿڲԶ, ŵھſ, ɼĽϾ档
˼ӿ, ϸ۲һܣȷû߹ȥ
ûסҪȥĽϱλ֮ŵˡ
ƹ⻹, ˶š
ѵĿѯʣƾˣ
ĽϷϣô᣿ûС
㶼˵ǹ˽˽ˡ
ĽǿջЦǾԼûʸô, Ǻѹһ㸮ҲһֱûĸСиòδɹ飬ֻҳģȢҲͦá
˫סֻҪĽƾ
ˣˣˣֶҪЮ㣬ԶʮĽûˣС
㲻ѵҾˣˣֶҪЮı£Ů˻ء뽪ʲô¶ûУƾЩԡ
ڹⱧһǴԣһߵҲǴԣ
ͻȻסҵģ֮ͰƿˣҲΪú˵ʱٹԱɢֵûվ˵е˵ԺҲһˡ
ĽʣʵңϲСɶˣ
ʲôģֻǸӰˡ˵֣תһߣ㣬¸ٱﰮ⣬ôĿ⻹ܿĵطҿĵط֪ʲô
ĽЦů˼֣ӵסӣٵʱ㣬Ҳǵģ޹ء
תӣϲãģ
ƭĽϵָһģҿŵľζˣҪȡ
ûˣзִ硣
ʱе㳤ˣߣʱӦûʲô˳ȷûٻͨŶΪá
轫ڻߡ
ĽϵζС˵һġ
ţŷߡ
ٻصϯϣѴкת
͵͵ƳһĽϣطҲڿԼϲŨ
Ҷ࿴Ƴ
ֻĬĬһ˽ݻϲĵס
ϯеһ룬Ѿˣɲͣĸơ
ĽȰѾ˲٣ٺˡ
Ǻ⣿Ǳµȵľˡ
پҲñ岻ǣ
ֻҪˣżһƲģο͵Ц˵ƹһºúѾƵġ
Ҫúźš
Ȼģͽġ
ߵһһּĽûЦݣƸֱסǶ
ȻƱץ¡Ӧ檡
ˡĻҪɨˡ
۾ᣬվû˵ʲô
ﲻĽϾͺܣ΢΢һЦǱ²Ҫٺ˿ɺã
ףӦˡ
ĽϼӦҲ˿Ȱȵĵ壬µȻȶϯϷ񾭣ʲôˡ
ϯ޴Ľߣ˺ɢ
¥ʱǰкܻȼƣãҲû⹬˾ƻƹ·Ҳ
֣ɫ糺죬۾ҲЩ룬ʱһ¡
ðɣ
û¡˵Ŵλ뿪䳯ȰڵķȥۼֿһסˣȥЪɡ
˵ŵͬʱûơ
궨˶񣬡߰ɡ
˿ſʱлס

ͷл£
лŵƹݣĿȻ
ȵĿЩˣ
Щ̰ˡ
ǰ£ĩһֱȴҲϹ棬ȥݷ־òףҲûȥɡ
˵һѾûˡ
ĩҪˣ´θͲ֪ʲôʱˡ
˵ҪʱȥͨƽңأĺϢ
Ȿǿлȴǹ΢΢һЦĩزùʧҲԼ½Сġ
һЦġ
лգǡĩˡ
һҪ̧߱Ȱ״߹
һӰߵջͷһۡ
С˵ƺ
ʲôԣԼʲô
ղл˵ʱūƼһֱڿǡ
ֻ˵ѡģûôСۡ
һԵ˵ūҲأϻЦأȻ߹ʱһЦݶûˡ
ⲻڰ
Ųӿ쳯ǰߣ¥ĴţȰԶһξ롣
Ͻܿ׷ǣὫ𣿡
ͷһǰػĩա
ƳȰףȷЦ⡣
ͷЩΣûϴˡ
˵̧ʾߡ
ջعȰ׸ǰһϲӣװףô죿Ŀˡ
ȥʲôأ
СүԺٵĿˡպΪѣҪ֪ҹ˹ƽǴҲɡ
Ȱ׸⣬Ψһİ취Ͻɻ飬Ͳõˡ
Ǹð취ҲҸŮӳɻ鰡հ̾ѡ񡣡
ѡΪ㻹ϲȨףֻǾûô㡣
ȷΪһŮӷô࣬Ҳġ
ȰŴû˵ʲôˡ
ԽǶǰԶƼةͬУ໹˸褡
콭ĸ첲˦겻Ц
Ц뿴
迴һ˲ЩһϣϳĽϣʵ̫ˡ
ŵð˺
ҲǣĽϸߵ磬ô棿
ͣ£ˣ괽΢ϵŽʲôѲҪڽô
褱֮ⷬԺҲ󵨣ֱ˵Ϊ׷󽭴ˣһ߶·
ûУʵΪ˼޽ƴˡ
ⶨİţƽ˺ܲԸأ׷󣬷ɧŲŶԡ鶼ܵ㸸ˣôȱ
褲¶ֲ죬ֻ𣺡׻ţ褲ȱ
ȱⷬɣȱҪѽЦģ涼ӵﵱֽˡ
ܹûŮӲ׷ӵǿ褵ɡ
ô׷ӵȷɣڻʹɾͲˡ궢Ŀɭ䣬ˣȥʮ
ŵУֱӰѽ褸סˡ
𷣣Ǿͬģ
ɱ㵱Ҳ֪ջ⹬ɣջ˵Ѳ׼ǰǰ¡ȥҴˣϸǵƤ
Ӧ¡
Զռǰѯʣףˣ
ةԼ˵ԵɣĽļЦ⣬ƽҲ˰ɣ
ܣշĻǲܵ¡
ôͲˣ
ΪΪϲģ
ة̧ƴ㽭𣿡
ҿ϶ϰ
ةһţôͯأ
֮ƽΪ壬ǶλǧҪʵʵ뷨

صƹóѾ
ֻһЩѡ
ҲҪƣȻͷʹ
ԹԵĺ£֮˿˯
˯Ҳû˯ãμȰ׳һϼܡ
ʱֻԼѹû˯ۡ
ŵʱˣ𷣽±֪ˣҲû˵ʲôﻹ˵ĶԣڹסٻҲɡ
֪ˡ
ع粢δȰףΪ쳻ˣðȥ˻
˵ϯɫһֱã鷿˰ҹЪϢġ
ҵʲôˣ͸л˵˼仰𣿡
ֻ̿˵˼仰ﲻô¡
۱۶Сб±ݣҲ
ȵϣϴԡԲϵĳԡֱһȹѵƸϨ˺󴩹ܵȥ鷿
ڲˣЬȡ£Сȥ
һ춼ûС
Ȱǰɫһ˿
꾲עһתŲȥ߼

ûֱˣ
ûȥּߣнŲԶĴͷһֻˡ
Ȱװϣ۾ˣĿɨ˼ۣ΢Ƶɤʣ⴩ģ
˫ְס棬һ˫鶯㻹У
Ҫڡ


61

Ļ, ֿ˵ľ
û뵽Ȱôĥˡ
ֺ, ȴǲ
ֱܻҪ, ŷһʰ
Ϊ鷿ûˣȻǿʼ
ȰװشϺ, һ̹ûš
ʵûġ
һһԺ󻹸ҲǰԱЦ
֪еǰİ㣬ֻǲӦ˵ҡ
˺û˶
˯ĺܳԷһ䲻Ծͼ˯
˯㾫񣬷ִǺڵġ
ˡ
ʱˣ
ʱˡ
갴ô˯ôã
һЦ, Լ
׼ˮԡ
ūҲˣհˮ׼á
һˮ, ˮ, Žȥ
ĲˮĽ»ࡣ
Էʱʣ𣿡
, ˯űҲû, ɢֵһˣأ˵˵游첻ˡ
Ȱ׵游Ϊ̱һֱԴ, ֪꣬ġ
ǻزˣ, Ժȥ쳴żȰףʱһֱǰ׼߶
ǣ
һ飬ʵڲġ
ԣһֱûʱҹ˵游ˡ
⼸϶æ
Ҫع
ҡͷųˣǳ档
һĲѣůǳ̤ĺʱ򡣡
żЩ
緹Ϊ˱֮ͬУֻһϳ
ȥƽȣɽˮлвݣ˶ϲ档
һЩҹŹϲۼｻʫ鷨
˽˰š
ӣǶ
곯ǰȥԶԶƼһǳѵķŮһ鲢ڲݵϡ
Ҫȥһĸ첲ƣﻹҲأǳ߹ȥˡ
ŲҪҲɣڿ̫ӵµδޡ
ǲҲ磬ȥ֪ˡ
ʮһŽߵˣΪǴӲ󷽹ȥģδвǵĴڣʮֲִ
ŭŲߵĿЩߵǰ͵ɲס˽ţŵ˶Ծѡ
ֻ浴ӵϷ߶𣬽ֱ˵ڵء
˵Ůȥ浣ºס֧Ԯ¡
ĸһȭߣ¶ʹɫվ
ǹˡ
˵ִһޣ̧һ˦˷ϡ
ӴУֻϾʹһĨĵѪɫʧС
Ůܣ浶쾫׼һһޣ򱳻
ŵýºĶ˰Ⱦܣ״ԼŮҲһˡ
浵ĿڻϣЩϣȳȷϾƽ
æ
ȫȻ޸ղŵƣֻʣ˽΢Цض񡣡
ո浴ˣùЦˡĶͷ˺ԣ˿Ѫ
ְ·ϵĳģ۸ȣҶˡõģƽǱƽ
¶ɫ鷳ˡ
ϯضʲô鷳鷳ģһˣ¡
õ׼ͬһ
ղҿӱӵĶ֣ã
ʮ꿪ʼġ
ƽﻹϰ𣿡
浻أײҪ黭ʫʸ踳ûᣬҪͨ浲ҵһֱѧ
֣ҾϲʵұЩˣڿҶˡ
ȥײҶŮκηͷ˿ʵʵ޿ˣ»Ҫ̫ӵ֪
Ȳ˵ҾͲ
л
浸һ˹ҩðдȥƽ򸮣ԽһԼҲֳĿ˾ҳͲҪִ
µõұôģν˲ø
ΪȰɲסҪ˯ʱȴϻˡ
ɫ첻ԾַĶͷϣһƬ̡
㷢ˡʣɳҩˣ
ԹˡȰ׿񲻼ãɤƣ§£𶯣ұ
Թûǲˣ
£ҹﻹġ
ӦǡƤʲôʱع
ɡ
ʱ䲻ءʣ˵൱ӿɺЩˣ
˵뷢𣬡㡣
ǣңô⡣
̣뽿ôôء
͵Ц§ͷˣһ˵ģҪҪԣ
ᡣ
*
Ϊ褱ʮ߲ѣȥԲεȻһͨ䡣
£ǰƽ۸۸ˣҪôԹ۸檵ãҪôȥ𣿡
ܹƽ𣿻̫ˣü֪Ůӣ˵ʲôҲͬҪ󡣡
Ŀһ£ס˼͹û
ʲô޲ã޵ÿһˣ㲻ҪҲʹ졣
ǰ˵ĻȥˡԹ˵Ҫûʺ㳤ѵأ㸧һӣñµ̬ȫˣ˵Ҫƹţȥ˷͹
ʺʾ
⻰һֶţ˼ǰͲĽ̬ת䡣
ܺ¡
ֻҪܰ˩ԼԸ⸶κδۡ
ͼȥްס֡
޻Ҫ̩ӡ
ʺܺú̷£Ըͣæ꣬һʱ̵ġ
İס֣޴ʱû£Ҫ𣿡
ջԼ֣˵̫ϳֺܺãºʱҲϳ£
д㣬㲻ضʡ
ͬŽ͹ʹ££һֱ𣿡
ڰȫһʣֻĻҵʱֿͨ϶Ĵ𰸻ðġ
ûеõԼҪĴ𰸡
Ҫ˼룬ʻȴܶ
ûô̩·ϱĿ£Ժصʻ
һֱ
ӹɵĻԼҲˡ
ȥ͹ٶĽϣ㻹𣿡
ĽЦ˵ô⻰
ʵشޣʺ㻹𣿡
𣺡˵ǰǰ㰮ű£㶨Ȼǲŵģ檲ƭ㣬ıóѲҰĽ¶꣬һű£ȴҪ֪檸֪ʱǺεȵľʹģϴ棬˽Լ᲻ºӣûĸ׵Ĺ̫Ӹô΢ȴҲйҲһӡ
λǾ˼˵ڵģȼ˵зҲʵ
ġ

62

Ľѵüɫ, ȴ, ȥ, ֻҪԺĻЩõǵġ
İĵ׸ӵĲζ, ķ㣬ˡ
Ľ۾һƬĮȴû˿ĸı䣬¿Ҫ˵㻰
޻֪ж㻰
ж㻰Ľϲ֪е֪ж
ȥԷժʻŻʹͣרΪʫÿȥ͹ĺ˵
ܿʹ⴫˵ۺɪļѻ, ï˲Ϊ⣬ϰˣһ㶼ʲô쳣ԡ
ȴò
˵Ľϲ֪, һһ, Ѿ֪Ŀ, ǰѾ¶, бҪ
ڵ·޳Ҳ²׼޵ʵͼֻƾ˵ֱ, ЩССĲ
ȻĽ˵ԶزȥˣмŮܾܾĳ谮ңҪʲô̫˳ǻ, Ľⶼ޿Ըġ
ڽ迴޻ôʱĽҵͷ죬ųԴԹԴߣڴ
ЩΪʼˣǼӵȨƣֻΪĽϵķѡ
ү
̧Ƥ˼гôˣ
үʲôô񣿡ϸвˣôſӰҲ
Ŀһû¡
λԺ󻹻𣿡

ϣûֻʣΪĸ׺ϲ
ܼ޵ԺҪǰˡ
ô˵һϲƵĳ褲ܽĴܾС̫࣬Сֳúãе㵣ʱ䳤˽ϲϡ
ںˣײõˡ
ϸ˵ܼҽ˵үˡ
˭
ֻүϷˡ
ǽ
ͷ¿ӣվͼҶһǰһŽ
ϴЦʣùˣ
Թġүӿ򽭺裬ŷ϶ڼңǾֱӹˡ
˵裬²ʣʲô𣿡
Ϸ˵˻Ҵ˻ûμ˵粡
Ԥ治ĻȻֵֻӿ޵̫ˣﷴҲȢŮ˽š˵ûˣҲ˹ϵҲûʲôʸô뵽ǵ粵ԸΪĸȻװ裬жŮǲܣ֮λظ粱ţ޸ô꣬ΪŮΪ㽭Ҳ͹ʮ͵˲֢֮û
͹ȣֻ޻̸֮ɻǰʮһֱĸƼң˼ΪʹŰѼױһֱЭֻǸС²ŶˣȻæڹȴҲǶԼ²ŲʣΪеķųԱСۣҲ˵ģھȻȫڽͷϣǺξģʲô֮ʣϷ˶׫Ĺ°ɣ
ٳƺΪĸϷơ
Ȼ˵Ҷ׫ϷݺᣬҺҪĻѻ
ѻҲãҲգ˵ѾûˣţȥѵܺȢӵɷ͵Ļǣôʱ̫˸˽£Ϊġ
̬ȣǷҪȢ޲ˣ
æ˵ү˵ˣûпܡ
һۣûܣȢȢҲֲָֻš
Ϸ˿ܽſְνŮ˵һ飬Сܣĸ׾Ȫ֮²ð
ĸǵĶԻҸղѾˣĸѾûˣ游ֺαرƸΪ֮λԼ׵ͬǰæ޻ѵȫΪȨ𣿾ûһԭ򣿱翴СƼҡٻȻҲ˵Ĳãֻ񽭼ƺǶԵĹԱûޣƼ֮Ȩֻ䵽ֵܵЩ˼ҵҲǹܼҴܻȢҪָףĺ𣿡
㡭Ϸֱ£ĸǰˣ
ô᣿ܼϣĸ׻ʱҴδʱΪ˰βܶѪʺʱֻû˵ѾûˣѲø׺뱲ĸ׵λ𣿸ĸྴô꣬ϲˣΪʲôȢ
үˣĸΪ˭ΪãǶҽɵˣβȴβԼ
״ûҲǽڹٳ֪֣ʲô֪
۾ʪȣůȫ
ܼңͿ͡
ֱӸˣүվ˦һһгȥˡ
Ϸֲ̧˲۽ǣСܣ̫ʧˣĸ֪Ǻ޲ôδ¹㣡
游ĸʧΪúõ׵Ļɣʲô
˵㣬Ҳ˵ԺҲҪңǾ͵ĸû㣡
ܿŭˣȥ¡
ΪҲʢֱӻԼסķ䡣
ʢķ£ûϵ𣿡
ָԺȥ游𣿡ҡͷûϵȥ㲻ȥա
ĬƬ˵׺ܸжҲܿĺӡ
ܼۿʪ󣬡ô겻ףҶԼѡ񡣡
һЦͷԷԭûʲôθڵķȻرóԡ
*
ʮ˾ʮһ񣬸һλʦةλ涼ԺҶʷʦ֮һ
ȷϢһӵڶ׷߾ʵԻ󣬷׷ײ²͸޵Ҫʲô
ةԼʮֵƣȻȫţЧҵӣȥ̫ӵʦⲻΪ
յʥּȥޡ
£Щס
޲δʲôֻ˵޿ѡ㣬㲻ɡ
ة˼仰̽صľ
˵ϸ۲޵ɫֻ糣ة°ͷȥ
̩صſڣմ߳ң
Ȼһ𣿡յʣףǺ⣿
޹أæȥ
һˣô޹أϵɴˣ
ةߵĿ죬ں׷һһĺţףĸװ߰
ةһŵķҵͷŭգʲôĸ˲֪㸸ף
Ҫǲеʣǳȥˡ
զģҪԶ˫ȣ
ոЦǵᣬܻƶ
ҽ
յӿ˲
ة޵Ļ˵֪Ѵʥ⣬ΪҲ֪ΪʲôҪ
׳Ϊ̫ӵµʦǱԺ󻹻ǰǰԸװٷְֻҪɰ
ةƲѣ֪Ҳɡ
Ϊ¸ʺѲ˸ϵ


63

ة˼, ˵Ϊй
ڹϢҲǱ󡣡
̫ᡣة̩ûд޵Ͽʲô쳣, ȴҲ֪жضϲ, Ϊ²Ϊй, Ǽп̫̫ҵġ
˵ԵºԻֲǰڱмصķ
ÿͨЩʱ򲢲ܵ˭Ӱ죬ǿ˵ʲôةĽϣ̾һ̥ܵڻûȷеֶε, ¶ôһ㲻̵ģ׷ôꡣ
Ӧԣ
ôӦԣˣ̻Ҫ̵, ֻЩҪˡ
֮, ôľ
ո׳һ, ˵λ̫̫Ϊѧ̫ӵ·ʵƿ, ǰ㣬ʱ̫ӵڳϰĽѧˮƽô죿
ڲǸ¼֤ҵ˼ô
ѵ㲻䵣α붽ԺҶʷΪڳϹȻʱԴױˣ뻻̲ܾҲһֱû, ɲöԸΪ¶ĹְɶҡϾλÿǲġ½ʱı̫ӵµһֱ, ʱҲ˵
ةĿΪǽˡ
Ժ֮ײ羲Բߡ
Ҳֻˡ
ռһƣѽײҪ̫ۣ͸ıܷ̫ӵµõҵеġ
ةĻЦˣ㵱ǶϷȻλʱǳɻ䳯͢ȺվӣʱĸԱĳλҪıԴҪҵģ˵վˡ·֮һΪİ·мλҸмı㣬ıҲͰˣ¶ˣ
ⲻҪ̫ôЦ⣬Լ¶ԸײȫΣΪͲ̫ӵڳϵıָҲʶˣĽĿǰжʮȨ֣зϺΪЧҲδؾңһʤûУ̫֮λͱסˡ
ة֪ӱʵıʱȫ
һһɡ
ɢֵةԴӱųڵüЦǶķ㽭֮ˣ
Ϊʲô
һò£ة֪ʲô֪ĴҲ֪ģ콵̫̫ûء
ûȥڹ£
ȥˣǰһˡةֱ΢΢̾Ϣ´˵Ȱض⣬ִּлأ
ϢĲء
֪ة֮ܳΪ̫̫Ľһִٳɡ
µּ˵ص㡣
³һ¹ȥûټ
ĻҲ˼ýֻܴһЩ֮ԡ
ڼһֱû
˳˹ţ褣Զ½Ų
ةһ⡭ôֳˣ
۷ȥ֮ؼҳԷˣ
ˡ
˸ͷ
ǾͶлӽˡ
ةǰȥڽԱͣ£˵Сôô۰ϲʲôҰ
ֻޡ
ҵ޲аة⻰˵һϤŮ˵ʲô
һͷֻӳվԱߡ
ˣôˣ
ղ˵ʲôޣ
ˣ˵ϢǷۣȥҵС˯Ϣа
ҲؼҳԷ
ةһ飺ôˣ
Ͻȥˣ·
ةߵǰҪȥסĽߡ
һ˿ûжĿռˣʲôˣ
Ҳûʲô֬ˮ۲ʲôġ
һҲ㣿ֲûطˡ
Ĳѵû·
ةһǣһ˫Ҳе·Ҹûˣһ£İ¶ڽҸӵٺ»ܵ𣿡
ٺ»һ˭ӣǮӦģģӦûˣ˵ҲҲû𣿡
û꣬Һͺٺ»ǰʣʮةۣôǮʱָϼһһ򽭺裬Ƕ
ʮô֪֪ʮã
㡭ةûðɣĿǿŭ˵
*
ղڣԺڵƻͨ硣
ʮλԼ硣
˾Ϊ̫Ӻÿնг͢سף
˵Ĺĸ
꣬չ콻ӡ
˲ˣÿ˶ܿƣЦʱҲŸЦЦЦʱ˭ҲЦ
Ϊ˾δޣ׼游һμӡ
겢һŮУΨһһλ֮Ů
λþ˾ԶҲֻܶû˵Ļᡣ
꿴ƵƵ˾С˵ϯһӵʱ̫ӵ˵Ȼɢʱȥ̫Ӿסķһ˵ڹڵġ
һӵʱ̫̣ܵһѾˡ
ǻʺﰲŵ𣿡
ЦŻأȻĸδ棬ѵüϸ˵˵ġ
ü䣬￪ʼڴǶݵһӵ
һʱȥ꿴ʱˣھ͹ȥ
˳ϯλǰȥ
ſڵϯʼǰ͵õ˾ķԸ̰æȥ
ڵƣ˾Ĵߣĳͷϣḧ˸
ûˣסķ䣬ɹĴϣ˯ͷҲǸ˵ġ
˾ܿͻˣΪ·Щ΢ƽһϢųȥ
ͳõĸݸԼֽӹ
ڳõģ˵óԡ
浳˳ȷóԵģڹԹĸ㶼óԡ
ĴָӹĴǣմһ㡣
΢죬ʣѧô
ˡ
֮ǰʦΣ
ǿܶࡣ˾ظ
ķ浾ûˣֻͬ˵ƣ϶ۣ£Ҹ㰴ͷ
˾ϲϣ˲˵ֻҪߣͺá
һӵʱ̫죬ʱ䵽ʱ˾ϡ
£Ҹˡ
޷վ
浼£ĵˡ
˾ŻСָؼҸдţд㡣
á
Ҫдҡ
á
浰
˳ſڣ˾һۿ˲ԶϴϣҪȥϴ·
ס˷浵ĸ첲£
ֶĿ⣬̳ɨһȦĿϽȥˡ
תͷ˾ֹղͬ˵ĻҪˡ
ġ
ͺáɿ֣߰ɡ
żߣ˶ſڣ˾վĿԶֱ׿Žȥ
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ϯɢһͳ, ѵ֪ﻹδߣ
ϣĶͷŵ, ūһֱڴţûʲô˲ųȥ, Ĳ֪ﻹڡ
߱˾ӿ֪֪ʹˣ
ūŽһСģ¿ˡ
˾Ϊãһ
û﷢֣ǱƼˣ⻹ݲ㡣
ϣͷ΢΢̧һЩл¡
˾ֳźֱ, ˫Щֹסķ
һɲǣϣΪԼҪˡ
˫սľ
ҺҺá
ϣֽ۽ǵȥ, ӵ
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̫, ֮˭Բɲμӡ
ԭΪûȥ
֪ȥҲĽ˵ʲô, ֲ뿴, ۲Ϊ
ĽΪ岻ڸǰ޷ѽܺѯʡ
ȵڶ뿪Ž˺
㸸ʲô
סʵ˵, Ĳ
Ľɫôˣ
ܳ壬, ˼˼Ĳ
Ľһ£һӾ͸۾˵𣿡
Ȼ볼˵˵࿴ĳµõܼ˵µĴŲϴ棬ײû˵Ϊ̫ӵµʦǻôּ⡣
Ľ΢˵øһҩźá
ȡֽ֪ܲдʲôܿ±ʱ֪ûд֡
Ľϴī˺۵øø㸸ס
ܽӹŽ뿪˷͹
ûȥţǻ̫ҽԺɢֵȥŰת衣
糿ȥ˷͹öӸ׵ġ
ɿˣ
ޡ
վڶĽܼŵ˲ϲʤ⿴ֽ
豳ڣֽڹߵӳ£ܿǱ棬ȴ׼ȷٵȷдʲô
֣һң㣬ϸٿмǸ֣ǰʲô
ܵͷһЦĸ׿ĳ
⻹Ǹص
ĬĬ˳˷䣬½һ˿ֽֿ
Ұ㣬ֹġ
Ҳһǿļ
еĲһӶʧˡ
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вʮʱ䣬͵ˡ
ʱܳˡ
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褰Žοڲ֣
跳ʤšüĿˣã˼ӣ㵹ǻôߵűĪ㵱Ϊûǲǣ
褸Ӵһʱ䣬ΪƢ˽Ĳ࣬һ㲻ӡ
ˣҾôһ˿һҲϣ
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ûֱӴãȽִ˴Σ̲󣬶Ժ죬¸ѽʸ
糯ة뽭ͬкûлرţǸȥš
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軹ǵһ˵ЩϸڣЦ˵һӾ͹ȥˡ
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룬ԼĲ²ǶԵģȰƾʲôҪԼļȥ֧ˣ
һ㣬ôҲݺԡ
ҲԼӿͷˡ

ʱ䣬ֵİӾ̲ɶԺȷת˴¸󣬶԰Ľûκ飬ʸޣյĴá
˼ˡ˺һĹλҵĲȫûճ乫
ûһεĹ˭ýƷԱ͵̩Ⱥ̫࣬ʵæһЩҪĹְܻᷴԱȣѡʵġ
Ȱ׸ְû£ȻФ룬ô󾢰ѺɲһЧӵĹԱεġ
˵ѡ˭һжҪޣΪԤбҪģҲҪԵġ
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Լ, ˵ʲô½˵ɡ
Ůӽñȡ, 껹˭
Сװģ
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ûôУȰײǴһլȣ˽Ҳ˵Ժش𣿡
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Ȱ׵ƣȥһ룬ö
ؼҸԡ
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ȰȻʧЦôأ
Ҳ𣿡˫ˮԸΪκ, ͬ
Ȱ̫ܳˣȻϲּ
û뵽ǣϲں档
ү, үˣϽſˡ
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˵Ѿ˯ˣ˵
ԼӺȣ˵˾ǣ̶Խŵï˵үүѾˣ˵ʲô˵
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˽´ǣǶҲȥǹȻΥˣΪԺкӹ𣿡ï㲻Ҫǡ
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òǡ
ʲôءһãܡ
ϣûиϵ
ûС
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û˵Ȳ֪ͬҲ֪ԡ
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˻һȺȻ
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Լǡ˵һعټΪɷǲЩЦѵǱȱ¸֮
λ˵ԡö¶²顣䣬Ǳλ乲ͬܣоרעһϣش, ؾƶϸκӵܷǰ··޻Ღָӡ
Ȱ񣬡ּ
Ⱥɢ, ̩, ɤＷһ仰, ǵñ, ӵˮɾҪˡ
ȰЦЦ¹䲻ȴҲΪ·ǣͳȴΪײ, кأ
㡭㱻ı᲻Ҫ̫ſˡ
¹ٲ֪ſôдȴѡ
˵˵Ļֱˡ
, ߾ͱס
ྐྵ֪Ѿ˲ҷˡ
ˣ¹أ仹С絣ûʱĥԡ
ïƤЦⲻЦĥԵѵ飿¸Ȯư㼱ģԼû˰ɣ
¹ûʲôģҲ˽շж٣ɿҪúӣǧʲôӣ֪ҪһʱµĹλܱܲס˵
ïӶŵͣΪٶѵ֪벶ȸں˭ҶĴӣ㾡ҲҪܡ
Цһ£ԶЩڣԼղĪ汻ͷ˵ʲô
ҪߣĽˣܰûô㽲
ةʼ磬ٶԱ޸߼ֶԱµȻûĻҪ˵
ˣҸס
ة༥ÿڻȻĹټˡ
û˵ȥҲĳ˼
ƹܹټˣҲܶԺ𣿼㱾飬Ҳ˽ġ
ة΢΢һЦ˵ģŵӻͦÿ
ڹֿߺ˵ӵˮһ⣬ȥûʲôøЩԴ˹ˡ뷨ʵʵгģͿһ̽ˡ
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Ȱֵס죬ֹ˵
һصģʳԡ˵ּ˶֣ҡ
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ͷӦ
ȰװԼ󱳣ҲھҪúչԼ¶ҪСģ³ç¡
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ѻûϸҲһȦ߸¡Ķж˼ֲ㡣
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ĽϾҪôΪʲôµˣҪôǳʲô¡
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Цûڶﻳŵҵĺӣɵߣﰮңһʲôģ
Ľ߿Ҳ˵ˡ
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, ˡ
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ĽϺͽһۣ˿
ˣȥ緹ɡ
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¶࣬ٹҾҪˣ֪ڻܲˡ
ΪĴ̫٣˸ϧ˴ദʱ⡣
Ľǰ㿿ļ, ˫ֻס䲱Ȼǲܾ棬ҵʱʱͬڡ, ʶѾ, ˵˵˵ʵƢ, ʱ䳤޽˶Ļ, ̫ӵʦʱҵĿľͰ׷ˡ
ة̫̫ԺĲٽڽѧʲô, Ҳ˶ѡ
¶ΪЧǼ׵¡
ƾڹٳ֮ץסĴѱܣةټһֱܺ, ΪɣϲȵƣҲޱĲȺá˵ҲûȱڣḡЩȴֻһޣûҵӵĸܺã෴һ㶼ҸģӲͬݾסˡ
Ľϵǲ֪һΪΪ̫Ӳģֻһĸ֮ӵĵټ
ҡͷǣ˲óɵĻ飬ͬһǼﳤĻ¡˵ةλֻһӣ˸úùӲŶԣûСة˵ŽԼƭˣ˸еӡ
ĽЦҼˣ֪
ةԭҲôΪģʵ˵Ƣһ㶼ãȲҲ£ĸҲ࣬ةǰһһΣòʲôм˵żΪûûԹֹ귢ŵٺ»ѳŻӻةĺ׾ݿ಻ԣٷΪÿ·ô
ĽţôǴ٣ôӳ磿
ةڹٳУ³ȣѶϼ£û˺ˣҳͬ⣬ةһТ¾һֱûġ
ҳôˣǺε
轲еԵʣةСʱܹĸҵԮΪ⡣
Ľˣֲ޿ֻ֣ûҳвڵһ죬ʱةҪ׷ֿʲô취
кӣҲˣܳΪĿɽˡ
ⲢǴ뷨ûжԲסĵطԺҲԼļң໥ֵĲĪǲϲֲ˵λã
˭֪ء˵ةĵطҲΨһֵ÷˼ĵطúһ㣬ûΪ̫ӵЧֻע⣬ϵвٸãúҪЮáΪةܹ˵ƺ֣ŮкĵִȻˣֲķ
ּ˵ƲЩĴĹԱɲ˴£վȽŸλã˶¶˵¹ȫ㻳Ҳ伫ŪҲԻá
Ľֱӣ֪ЩΪûжҶĺ֣
ʼȷǷϵʱҾûҲͰˣǲϧһС㶨ҪȥұˣҲұˡ֪㻳Ϻӣ֪ӦÿģȴֹסϲרעƾҺܲϲǸ⡣
Ľ￪Ȼ֪ЩձȨŮˣȨƻûŮˣΪĿʱûʲô˽˸飬һһչ죬ȫԤϡ
ô
޲˰
ҲװΪΪҸĽ۲ˮֻҪ㹻С޺ѻ֪Ĺϵ̫˳ǻȻҫ̫ûеϵλҲᱻ
Ĵʱ򣬻ܶ𣿡
Ľϴ˵Щˣ˵飬ʵ㲻ѣҲʼʩΪУֻԼϲáϾ޵Ļʺɱ
ô
˳Ҳ˵Ψһֵ÷˼ĵطĽϻҾͺú÷һ˼ҪЮˣС
̽òƽ
ĽϷϣǣ˿ãֻϲ˭ϲ˭Ҳ˵Ե౸ѡ
Ǵ㰲˸Ϊ檻ʲô
ԲǣԼ͸ܻסҲ̫ÿұѡĽ˾Ĺϲίֻвյˡ
ˣֻйӲܵ𣿡
ĽЦԸϹ罪ǰǰͰ͵Ҫôӣ
ȷʵˣϲһ˿һ۶ϲϲһ˵׳Ҳǲϲ
Щ꣬ûйԱΪ˰ͽŮˣһⶼûɡةڴԿˣ侲ǵĺܣ׼Ǻѵ
㲻侲𣿡ĽЦʣǱˣܹˣֲɡ˵ˣҲһʱûôУ
գǾףɹˡ
ֵԷɡ
ȥŴ򿪣ֶ̽
˷ʰȥϴˢٱڼĽ϶һЩȴ˵ֻ
ȵѻ˵Ҫתߣ鼱Ľϵס
۵׵Ĳᣬǰ߽
ִӳŲſһĻּ˳
ˡ
Ƭ̺Ľ˳
ñһɽ
صĽʱĽû̻عǸĸ̸һӵĻߡ
˵͹ʱޱˡ
ȽæûһĽңʺ󲻻ɣ
ȻᣬҪĽô˵ȴ֮Աǣֲǵһعڣʲô᲻֪ǰװʲô
ȥź⡣
΢Цļްת˵¸Ѯ޴ȥıɽׯһȥֻǻ󲻱Ͷ٣ö̥޴ֻͬС
´Űȥ檴ŶӵȷͬУֻǱҲ֪ȣ֪¿ɷھⲻԶĵطҲһĵطóҲöգ
޲ſ
ĽϵЦݱȸղŸЩ
ѾԶˣ㻳źӲȥȻиʧ̫ҽһʱϲҪ£
Цȥ룬̫ҽ𣿰ѸҩĶϣǺѵ𣿡
޻ǾòУҩǸܴһЩ̫ҽܲܶϣʲô£һ̫ҽܵ𣿻ʺΪ˺ӣͺúôڹųȥˡ

ٿĽϣֻɻЩЦֻЦ֮ǰǲͬ
¼ô˵һˣαԹأ
ʺιΪͺ롣ü΢أ˿˼ųе㵱ĸ𣿡
Ľ΢𣬷һ˵ϣ䣺һƬģ檲û򵽣ʵ𷣣
Լ״ʢ㡭
Ľϵͷŵ棬һ
ʺҪ̫ѳˣ㵱޲㣿
ѳ
ӳ裿

֪ʲôǳ
Բѣ
Ľǳһ£ûĻ
޼˷̬ȣúóԡ
ʺȻô򣬴ÿȥ򰲵ǰʱΪоɡ
Ľޱ飬ּ
Ҫæ
ĽֱӾȥˣȳ˷͹
ֿɫãС˵αظ
ԼӵұȥرҾͲڽҸضԺΪɣѵҸЦ
ū֪ЩֻʱȥˣôܵסֹݣֵԲ
ºʧǲˡĽϺһ˵ʲôѳǹġ
ﲻζºһ˿ͽˡ
ԸԸж˰ɡ
յ򰲵СӱˣòԶˡ
ĽΪӴѣôŸޱȣԼ˵Ļ޺֮ġ
벻ٿΥĵ˵ЩԼ˵Ļ
ʼմûаϣϡ
õãòһЦ
ʱʱ˵ˣһʱû
ġ
Ľɫɷףŵ滺·쿪˫ȣְȰѹš
һӵʱ䣬ֲŲ
Сӻ̩ʱ޿޺ϣ˱顣
£ʱѻط͹ˡ
ڼû޴
ûУûū˵κλ
ްеֱӶ˵ϣŵСɪһ¡
΢΢̧ۿ޺Ϸŭˣֻް˰̫Ѩ˵֪ˣ¡
ǣūŸˡ
СӴҡǳЦŹˡ
ūߵ
ˣȥͨʲô񡣡


68

СӴʱҽ, ִ˵, ղ, Щʱ
΢, ǺôĹȻϱߣ
СæͷūŲūŲңĲá
Ϊ鲻ãҪˣȥͨ
С½ȥ˻
ֻԼţСӴߡ
СӳŻ, ´ʱæϾ
üһšʱɫ, ոջ˵鲻, ˵æ, ĸģ
ġ
Ϊ鲻ã
СӻأūŲ֪
, ͽһ㶼顣
ЦӦţޱĺ, ͷĺܣɹھͲˣȻȥ
Ծûͣˡ
˺, СӰȥʵ˵ˡ
һۣοʲô˵¶Ҳôһ˵ˣϡ
Сһ

ȥ͹ʱĽ˯š
ȥƹ֪֪顣
ڴƬ̺ʹҳˣֺͰ»ϥЩʱĸȥ򰲵ʱϣܹһЩ
лü˼ǳ£ūʵĸе̥򰲵˼ҲͰˣƫƫСȥš
С֮⻹𣿡
ûˡ
˵˾֪ˣ֮ӷ͹߳
ȥ·δһԡ
ƹʣɰ¸
ûУĸ˯û
Щôȵٻأܹ֪ýԺʹһ¡
ԱĽ򵭶ˡ
ĸȱҵˡңҲǳһٵȵȡ
ֳ̾һһʱôܵס᲻Ӱ죿
һֻҪƽСӵ˾ˡ
ܹܵͽܣµġ
˭˵Ҫˣָôţ̩ʾţʲôʱСڵֵ֪ҡ
ǣ
ʱõϢȥԷˣСֵࡣ
ֱӾ͹ȥˡ
ūߵƽ
Щ΢Цͣ
Сӻ˵⽻κˣذɡ
ŵͣܶĵҴ˷ǰɲΪ˼ʣΪ˼š
СƤһ΢΢̧۶ЦĿ⣬ūţ
²µʲô¡
ʱȥԷңм仰Ҫ˵֪ˡ
ūŲҡ
ףȻҡȻת
СŻˣλƹʲôĺܡ
λ
߲ĵȵ˺ʱȥ˹Էš
ʱҹ˾Ѳżˡ
Űյ˵ϡ
°ͣһķˣܲվҪȡˣ֪ʲô𣿡
СͫŴŶ󡭡
Цû˵ʲô㣬ô³ӣʦҪ֪϶磬ʵȣ˵ˣĸҲأͽܣӦЧ𣿡
ūŲңкηԸֱ˵õūŵĵطūԻᾡġ
㵹ǱʦʶĶࡣ̶˵򰲵Ǳֻ۱ֻ۾͹ȥˣȻҪʲôҲӲ˸ϵ
ūס
ÿס죬ʹԼСʦԼ·㲻ѧǶԵģóģϾԼģ˭Ҳܴ˭ǣ
ܰСӻ˻񣬡Լǡ
գ¾ͺãȥɡ
СҴȥ
ԵڶĽȥ򰲵ֻ߹ˡ
˳糯˾żޡ
ҪʱӶгУʣĸײȥ򰲵ÿչʱѾȥüˣ븸ĸеķˡһΡ
һϯȺ֪޳ѹٹٸ޴֪
ɫһ䣬Ȼû뵽Ұڳ˵档
Ҳ±֪಻ʣûеÿչʱһʮʮ٣
ô꣬˭֪ǳ谮ԼĻʺһ֮Ӹλ飬÷ģʵ۵ޱס
ƭƭˡ
ĸһƵ˶ĬĬصʵʵ
ÿĽۺ֮İ飬ǶֻղÿЦ
ĽҹϵõĹԱڳϸܲ޵ĲϲΪֳֻǰԱֽץѱɹԼĹԱ
ڤһ³󣬷˲֪ͷγ˵ϻÿ˶¡
̫ӣ֮˵ʲôڹ£
˾֪ĽϵһݺϥǾˣ漸δͷǰݣҪоֹŨҲãڹ֮»Ҫһۡ
¹򣬡⼸ȥ̩δŸʵ棬ʵĸ壬˲ʿˡ
˵£ȣ˱ÿٹʱܣ𷣡
λ֧̫ӵĹԱҲ顣
һֱڵĽϷֻҪȥ̩ϸ𷣡
ƫƫǲȥ
µ̨
뵽ӱѪǺܺãôȥˣ˸飬϶Ҳȥˡ
˳ǰջʺﲻ޲òͷ̫ӼλΪ飬У޾𷣣ֻϣνǽѵҪٷ
˾˫ĳ£ͷأлʿ
Ⱥ¹ʥ
ɢ˳ᣬةüͷĿղҾɫãǲĶ
¡
ة˫ֱǰ˿̫ӵ»ͦТĵģ֪˵й»ñ²ϲ
˵ѵ͵ñϲ˵˵ϲΪβ˵
ةŲ͵⣬ͷ裬ģĻ
ѹͷĲ죬һЩûʲô
֪ˡةһЦΪλû¶棬ϰĴˣһͲ̹ˡ
裺
ԣةԼ뷨ˣ֮ڻü
˰겻ǰҲڡ
㣬˵ʲôةһļ򣬡㳹׵ģ͵Ըܰɡ
֮ġ
ةλԴǰķǡ
һۣŲٶ˵һ䣬ھŪ㡣
ةЦУ˵˵ˡ
*
һĶ̩ŭ嶢ǰĳӳ㾹ڳϰĸ˵ڣȫ˶Ϊ޿
ʲټȥ˵ȥĶ˵
ָ̧һƣͲ
˾û˿仯ɹ䵭ȻһĸҪ򰲵һ죬
޲ٿָſڣȥ
ǣˡ
޸Ҫȥӣ˾һĸ
һ٣תſȥ
Ųͣ£΢΢⿴ȥֻĽһǿָ˾Ҳ˵ô
ĸ󣬴ӽտʼͲȥ򰲵ˡ
Ľϼһ˿Цݣ˵ˣĸ׼緹㰢ҲڣһԶٷɺã
˾ס֣ǿ̫ˡ
ߡ
ĸӶһ뿪ǵӰԶ޳ⶼԼһ棿
ȵŷ˰緹һһ˵ϣһӷȴ˿ûʳ
͹ʲôֵǼ
Щԡ
޿˿ԼģЩ֮ǰĶ֡
ôȥ͹
˺ü֮٣ʺ⼸춼ڷ͹𣿡
ûţ˻ȥߡ
ȥĶ
ÿȥĵط̶
ȥĶޡ
Ӧ£æȥ̽
ȷĽڵλúٱڳӺ߳ء
û˵ʲôֻǴվ
ȥʱĽֻҪط͹
檼¡

ʺҪߣ
ĽϲƤϹϾʱ䲻ˣҪط͹ЪϢˡ
Ľûܾ
һһ䣬𣬲˵һ֡
޼䵭˸Ƶġ
ȥϸỬ֣޵𣿡
Ľƽ檲ҡ
ޡʵˣʵ޲뷣ġ
޿Ľǰ֪ʲôĬŲ˵
ûУȥı϶ȥģֻڴŶӷ̫֪ȣÿնҪԡΡʺΪ˺İȫͽһ£ţ
ǡ
һֺûˡ
Ҳû˻
˷͹ſڣĽֵĲȥһתȥ˿û˼
޺ܲϲ̬ⷬȣʲô죬Ҳûëֻܸɵۡ


69

ص̩, һֱĽϽı顣
ٿصӵ, Сѯʣ½ɷӣ
ء
Ӧһ¡
, 첲ֵ
Ľϣ˵ìᡣ
ϣԼ˳, ֲϣԼ̫˳
ǰֲĽҺ̫ӵơ
ڴϣֻǲ졣
һֿɵõŮ˶ѣҲֵ˼
Ҫ䣬Ϳֶܼá
ûĹգҿڹж˳ģʾá
ôţܶˡ
*
һһȥ, ˯֢״µʱŲһζżŻ¡
ȷԼϲˡ
ǰʱһģһ
ȥ͹밲ʱ¸Ľϡ
ĽĻ, Ҳ϶˵, , ĸýԺʹȷһ¡
Щ, δɻ飬⡭
ĽϽ, Ժʹŵù
ǣҲû˵ʲôˣȵΪ, 𾪣ĽЦʣǲ˺ӣ
ܼôʣʵظȷʵУˡ
Σ
ûʲô⡣
ĽϷģԽ˵²ɶκ֪κʲô˼𣿡
ĸףҲ˵
Ȼᣬ⴫
ǷҪЩ̥ҩ
裬Ѫͨ㣬ֻ豣ֿʳɡ
Цӯӯ˵ԺĺӾͿԺʹˡ
ˣǳı֡
ȽȥĽԼЩֽߵķ˿𵽶󣬡תۣ궼Ҫĸˡ
ĸǲǾʱĺܿ죿
ɲ𣿡ĽϽַԼУĸ񻹼ǵճӣһʮ궼ȥˡȰ֪㻳ˣϲȻȥ˸š
ˮÿսͷöΪģұˣκӹ̽˵ʱҲĿġ
껹֪Ȱ֪ˣǺ޲̷ɻ
˼һңʱʱܹӰ
ҲǣˮգѶȴ󣬷ɢעҲáĸֻˣȴ硣ĽʱһֱôãǻϲӲԣĸøϽ㰲ųȥźãϾ㸸а¾ȥıȥˣڹʾ׼Ϊá
Ҷ֪δޣճӹ³˻ͷҲãңͷܴȥȰȻأߵ¶Ҳǵ֪óȻֻĴ¡
ĸҲôģԭ򣬵ȷҲûбˡ
뵽޶δ͹ĸ󣬸ҪǲӦӹأ
㸸㲻õģĸҲðݶ׼Ľ϶쿪ʼװԺʹǱĸϸٸ˵ǻͷһ¶ڡ
ֵȥһˡ˵ϣ£ȥ
ҲãǷ͹ƹ㸸ʰˣ̫ôʱ䣬ͳȥҲãñ˷֣һһ
ˣĲͣȥ
˵طֽϣסķſڣ߱䷿סҹ˯أūͽȥ
ʾⲻãȥæԼŮƿŽȥ
ͷŸϡ
ǰȥʱ򣬱ϣͷ࣬ͷϵİرʸ
ʱϣΪһδߣ˯ĺǳȫ֪˽˷䡣
˼еİرʸˣֿϵϣüͷ΢

Ằϣ˺üŽѡ
ϣڵæ´
ɡ
ϣվʱ򿴵еıʸˣһ
ڴ£̫ӵĶϱʸʲô
ūǿ̵·ÿͼˡ
·ֲʲôϡǳһҹϡĻ˵ꡣ
ϣð麹ﴹۣȱߡ
ūŲūŶ̫ӵĽ֮顣
̫֪𣿡
֪
ֻ꣬šüģĿдһĨϡ
һȥ֮ǰŵģ˵㸸ײٱȥˡ
ϣҡͷҪūų
С겻ͬ⣬ߣҲ˵ģĽ̫һͲ⡣
ϣű߰󣬡ֻҪū⣬ūԸΪκ¡
ҲҪΪκ¡Ӳһ˿ҲûУֻϣ㲻ҪҰװһؾˡ
ϣҧūֻ̫ӵߣūʲôģֻҪÿ쿴Ϳˡ
˵ˣϲһҲҪ뷨긩üۿƷвẦ̫ӣֻԽԽ£һ㸸׻ưո𣿴²ٶ˵ʲôˣûء
ϣû취ֻӡ
뵽һ˾Ѳ֪ʱֻÿƲѡ
ɥһЩصң㻹Ǵҹ㣬ôⱻʹĺá
ūԸⱻʹҲء
ⲻɵ𣿡˯ɣ㡣
ūһ𣿡
ʡ
ʺﵱն̫ѡʱôûһѡ
˼һ£ûʹĸ⣬֪ôģûش㡣
ƽɫ̫ûһܡ̫㣬϶ûϷ̫㣬ǿͬ⣬ĸҲ˹ء
ӷȥ꿴˾ҵҲûȴֻּ˵һϣ±뿪ˡ
˶Ĵţ̲סС˵ĹҲ̫Ϳ
֪һ˵ʲôҲ֪ǰǺ
ô˵˵룿ʱĵ̫ӵ¶ģԼ϶û뵽˼ֹܹ𣿹ûָġҪ˵ֻᣬū澺Ͱ˵Ǽ̫ӵ¶ٻˣҲûİ˵ˣ̫ӵ꣬СŮϲĶȥĹҲͷһ
˵Ķѽ˵̫ӵ·ˣô󣬱ϲ
ȻһЦһһ͵ģ˵ȥˡ
ū˵ʵ

ɫȫԺն
ּһ֣ǰʣأ
ڷأ˵лҪ˵սȥ
ֻſڵš
У˾һĿڴͷĿϣϣҪ˵ʲô
ϣһ۲գūϾҪָԭˣ˻ʹͲ߱ˣҲٲΪҹˣ˵ĻҲǳˣūȨ֮ǰﻰ˵
Ҫ˵ʲôѾǳˡ
˾öһӲı飬ﻰø֪
ϣһҭԼְǾϲ˵˳
˾ʶһ㶼ã֪ʲôϲġ
һ۽ϲˣûԵ֡
ϣ֪ūŵʵǰһֱϲʹūŵΪҩΪΪϴš
סڡ˾۵һȴڲסŭ棬㻹Щ֪ʵǰֻһС̫࣬㵱ʲôǾһһС̫б뷨̫ˣ㲻ŮҲһ˿һϲ
־絶ӻϣģۿһЦһūˡ
˾ٿͷȥɡ
ϣѵһۣת뿪
ƿҵţ˾۾ŭδҲҶʲôֻ£߱Ѿ뿪ˡ
ţùķһ¡
ǣūȥ
*
Ľ޺ûټˣΪ£òȥ̩
ͷ̫ɹĸ꣬˷нʱðһ㱡
ūߵʺһЦ
ĽϵЦʣ𣿡
ٻش𣺡أҲڡ
Ҫ¡
΢΢һЦūŲͨʵǴ˿̲ȥ̷¡
Եĵ⡣
ĽŶһɫδ䣬ˣǱŰɡ
־һֱվŲУСȥӹȴԼȥ
һȥӶȥ˻δС֪ԼʦˣʲôϷȴҲΥ
ȥԼᱻĽסСӣȥǷУоͨоͱˡ
СƿŵĽȥˡ
ĽԵƬ̣ͼˣ»û
֪ʱôˣĪǳʲôҩˣ
ţĽתߣָϽЩ˵ܹ̫һūžҸס
Ľϵưˡ
ص͹Ľԡһ飬žûˬࡣ
ּ˹ĳԹϹʣ绹ȥô
ɹˣȥĽϻ˵˵ҵȻ˯һ


70

ٻʱĽѾ, Цźһ
Сӿϵ˵ʦ, ǲǲ̫ð
֪ʲô, ͵ôʡΪ˰¡
Сӳ, Ҫ߱𣿡
Ȼ˵ˣȻͷ״𷣣
˻ŽȥѾҳˣȲ衣
£ʺˣſڵһūȥӸʱȥé, ȰӴʱʺѾˡ
һ͵񣬡ұ¿£
˵£δϸ˵
޳, طеı, Ϊʲôͨ
ٹĻش𣺡æ, ūôţ
޵һ, Ȼ˵ҲˣҲ, ǲҲûƹˣ
Цߣ鲻Ըˡ
ȥ޲, Իʺ˵ʵˣ
ʣõȴǿ϶
Ͼֻ˵⣬϶ͨȡ
ټüű䣬ͨ£ǣūһʱû뵽Եɡ
߶ˡͣ޻֪㣿
ūšٻһūΪ˱ʺն⿴£һ
֪ʲô飿ˣ
ٻ룬ûʲô飬ȥҲδ
򴽣һ֣
ΪĽҵҲû
ʱ䣬ȥ˷͹
˹ԺţͼĽǧϣﱧСϣӳš
ǰˣ
Ļ̌˵ڣûó
ûЦݣȴͣʣ޺£
ȵǣ⻰ʳĽϾͿˡ
겡ˡ
ѯʣʶôˣ
ĽϰϵݸһԵ֣ԽԽ࣬ĿĪʹƣýԺʹȥˣ˵ܷٹ֮һֱûãҲ˵Խ˶żʹУҲû룬˭ԽԽˡ
ǽϵĶвֽĽ𣬳ûӵڻο޻̫ҽԺõҩεġ
ǽԺʹ˵ҪھȥסΪûгɻ顭
ǸģסǰʮǱߣӦ˵סڹ⹬ڶû
ô˵ͬˣ
޵ͷᣬֲ˲ţˡ
Ľܹ˿û׿һء
ǻδ֣ȥ֪ͨһ
ǣ
֮Ľ޳˷ȻûôԵģֻԱΪˡ
˲²Ҫб֪źãδޣ˵û˵ӣܹ鲻á
֪޻ʱȥʶ
Ľ뵽֮УȥĻ̫һȥ𣿡
Լ˹ȥȻҲ
Ľĵģƽ֮Ѿսľˡ
ȥ˰ɣڹ顣
ǶģҲ÷ɷɡ
Ľϼ֣ԶУֲˣ̫ٸһȥڹδ̫Ȥˣ¾˳檰ɡ
ԥĽס֣¡
֪ʲô޲̫ʲôµģʺ̥
ĽǸЦ̫£
ûλ߻סĲ£ʹӦ˳檰ɣ¡
޶ûˣڹҲ޲ڹ½뽭Ϊ
ڹŮ˲볯֮£ǡ
޷¿ӣԼϣԸ첲ʺҪһֱͺˡ
ĽϰȻԸһֱֻʱҲЩƲסԼƢʵ²ʱ򣬳Ҳܵģܻűô檣ȥ̩㣬ûͷ͵Եģ±»û֮ǰȥֵ֪ڸǰź򣬱ﻹҪ檣ֻûˡ
λ˵üϲɫĥҪģȻô⣿Ժȥ̩ͷ޻Ըȥæʲôͨ
Ľһǿٵͷһء
л¡
˷ȻȻޡ
ʮ죬Ҳһֱڷ͹ֱѮ빬ǰıɽׯ
ˣĽٲӭ
ãЦ˵ū澿ʵͦúģԺɱˣֻԼ
ĽϾ˵ĶԣǴûסƢԺٲˡ
ֻҪ̵סֻҪ̵£ֻҪ̡ܹ
ūƲױ£ȥЩ£ǰı֣̫ˣôöںĵġ
ϰˡϰֻϰҶᣬϰ˳ϰദʽϰ͹ˣҪ֪ϰѸĵģ˵ʲôĽ̾ҵûˣҡ
Ӧͣأ˶ԹǳһƬмϣ
Ľ뵽Լ֮ԻŶΪԵʣ˵ĺѵãи
*
곤ӹ󣬾һֱԺ̥
ܲȴĸ¡
෴ǳģϢûд
磬ƹһСլԺŮŮһס
ٱ磬ıδ챻ͽ꣬˰ֵķз˳⽭豰ɣƽ֮ԻЯΪ边ΪоݵʰϧԼĸ첲ȻЩ޸ûκ˵û˻š
ͣԽһֵΧ׷½ؿǲ˶֪ġ
ĸӲھǣûӣ̲ܿУԺ÷ʵ¸ͨ
ֿе֪Ľϴţ˵ʮֺ˽衣
ٱ磬ƽ򸮽ĳӹȿΪޣµ׳˻顣Ҫ˵ȿʮж鲻¾ûŸ£ٽδ
ʿȻĳϢ򱻷浳һޣ˰̹ȻǺˣӡۣټ˻飬Ҳˣ㽫˹ȼңŹȿĸ׵飬ܹ࣬еģάϵϵ
ϼ⣬ĶһЩӰ˵Ϣ
º󣬻µʱŻ£ÿ춼ҪһΣзӦȽϴ
죬˱裬ҡӣǾȣڻһ㣬ԿģҲֻ룬Һԣʳϸע⡣
ˣǲǸˣ
ţӦǿˡ
Ǵڶȣ˵ˣϱ߱ȾǸ࣬ɱˡ
ˮЩģɹˣ˭ҲײĶȥ
һЦŽ굱ˣ
ǣ째ոҵġ
Ҹ˵¶أſɾˡæнӹ𿪣ŷţһǸģһǸģ۵ֽдǸԵ֡
ʣ˵ʲôˣ
˵һ˳˵ǱߵĿܺҲܴʲôġ¿ʧЦʫôʻ޾ָʫдŨŨ˼֮顣
ţʰдʲô
ְŸ뿴
ӹֻдһ仰[á]
ֲ֧ˡ
µݸЦ˵Ҳֻһ䡣
ū澸׼ʮţдˡ߱˵ūȥ
ȥ鷿Ϊĥīִ֣ǰԼջٵЩʫʻΪȰ׶ġ
ϸһʫһһд¡
һԿдһһףĿɿڴ
ϲвѧ֪ģٶȣô˼
˱ʣһҳֽװһŷ棬װúŷдڣȰտһ⡣
ˡ
̫ˣū澿ˡ
üŵģٳ
ø֮£鷿ȻΡ
Ǹ֣ǰдģдǸֵʱң֪Լûܻˡ
ӲдҲͦ˶ãһʱ²ֻܰװױܾʹĥûܶʱȫԼʣϡ
ߵˮߵʱһ˿ҲûԥľȻ
ˮϵĹĺҲѣû˿Լӳȥ
˵һĻһĻԺ֣ȫûˡ
ڤݶĸܵܣսɳľ˸磬䲡;еİһĨ˲ӵʾбųնķԼɱŵԱ
ǶڳЦ
죬Ȱ׶ʮ
ǰ룺϶⡣
ٻͷô⣿ôҪ
鷿ȥˣǲˣ
Щˡ
ȥ˯ɣū澸ȷ硣
ңȵȼõ㣬ڴΪҡȡ
ʱѾ˯ˡ
滻ȷ磬˾شڴߡ
СʱϵȻһҪ
˴ߵһӷһߣС꣬
۾˫ֳϺҵץʲôһֱŲҪֱ͵ۡ

71

ںδ, ʣجˣ
꿴ǰ, ˿, š
ȥ鷿תһȦЩǰ£Ͼμ˾մʦ
μҪȰ, Ȱףߡ
Ȱ׸һգ۾˲ᣬȴһҲû˵
¡
һֱԱ߰οһࡣ
겻뽫Ȳõηϣ뾲ĺú̥ƫƫǻ֮ȥ
Ŷ, ǻʱʱҲ
Ϊ˾ģճ, ΪȰ, ϣƽ˳졣
ҲԼ, ӵ, ȴǾˣٺ˼ˡ
¶ʮҾͻ굽˰³һδء
ۿĽϻѹ˾Ÿ, 굣ʱȴҲ
ӹ, ˵ڻˣǰ֪ܸܲϻ
ôϢֲӳ˻عʱ䡣
һԵİ˵¹ӳ٣ǻʺ
Ҳﲻʲôæֻɵţ̫ҽԺ׼ʱͿɡ
ūȥ͹ʱϽԺʹҲڣ˵ĶӣӶЩģЩĲ
ĸ빬ǰǲˣ
أһЩ
оû¹أĺãֻⲻءЩģ˵ĸ̥ˣӾȥŹתһȦΪ˳ͺӷա
˵ÿնҪߵģΪ˳
ǵöߵģֻﶯǺҪҲðЩ
ü˵أԻкҲôˡ
СĹͷˣһһ죬Ժǵö߶С
Դӻк·СģʳСģĶСġ
ȷǽѣΨһСĺӾûˡ
ܾǰûбסһ
ǸӲȰ׳ĳģǿģȫΥԸ
ƾʲôǿ˱˻ñĸԸĽܽ
ϧ׵̫ˣǰףòͬúܾʵġ
ѡ츰ֻԼΪ˽ᣬˣˡ
뵽˼ؼ˾ᰮ
*
磬ĽϵɩϴԼĴŮĽ̽
ϴιҷԸ²ýչλ常ҵλŮƤĺܣҲڨ˵鶼һۣһκ󣬾ûȥˡϲȴԴ°ٰ㿹ܣ˵ʮ꣬ҲԸ⣬Ϊ˵Һþȵļʱ˲޴󰭣ҲԸ˵ȥˡ
Ľԣɫ΢΢һ䣬ϲòкãֻǰ˼ܲܿ˵ˣѰٻġ
Ц˵飬Ҳ˵òʲʲôѿ֮ˣȥ˾֪ˣ˵ʲôҲԸȥʹ󣬲˵µˡҺԸȥֻһǰ󣬵ڶδټˡ
ĽĿĽϣһǰ飬˵ˣ
Ľ𣺡عĸ˵ˣļҵĹֶŮʵ˵ˡ
Ȼأ
ȻɫͲÿˣͲֶŮˡ
Ľһºͬ˵ģ㲻ػҲż鲻һʮӣڹٳҲôˣô׵ģˡ
ֶŮˡ
ϻؿǵһμ
ǵġ
ôʵĸ˵
ĽֶŮĲһһʼֶ֪Ůʱ˵ͦȤģҲͣоһ㶼ûйټӡֶŮĵһӡõģֻǿղ֪ʲôټ档
Ľϳÿ˵ɢֵʱߣʱϵģװʶҲ˵
˵ֽϣ̴̫ؾˣȥ׼һЩ·úױ
ˡ
Ľʱʹ˲ٲƥԼ֬ˮۡ
Ľʱûةߵʱˡ
Ľԣȷװʶ
ĽԼĸĶҲûкװʶš
˳˳ʮ⹬Ƶ˵ʺֶŮÿսƣؾλˡ
֪
Ѳ𣿡ͷһۣǰӲŮӽÿնɼøʺﻹЩ񣬲˭
Ӧǰɡ
˹⣬ȿ˳ϣڵ㡣
ةȥüͷһ𣬡ÿû¡
ЦҲء
ǾǼˡ
ǳȥûϽߣǸֶδ
λòԶϴóһиةʱΪ׼ľϲǾš
ϻ˲˼Լķæ׷
迴ةţЩ̿
ҪߵʱĽҲͣ½ŲǱ߿ȥЦЦ˽ӡ
緹СţܴҴһ˼ҡ
ף
Ҳôˣ
ĶʹУǾҪˣһ˵Ҫ׼á
ȥ׼׵ˣҪκεĵǡ
ӦһŴϷ˼ҡ
һߣҲڼҴסˣŻ˹
ʱĽ϶ʹĻǺԣʱҲ̫ҽԺĽŮҽѾ׼̫ҽҲڷ͹
һʱһʱĹȥٽʱȻʹ
ʹ̣ḧĶӺͺϣܻ⡣
ȵĽµʱζһܲס
˰˴߲£ŮҽӦţ̫ҽš
ǰ̥̥Ĳ˳
֮ǰܾͿ̥λδ̥λҪǺЩĽʹϾ
Ľϳɢңͷĺ˳ʣȭͷϷҧء
Ҳ֪ܼкܴΣա
໳̥ôãĽȻ뿴⡣
ָιȵιԵģȫ£ֻΪ˳Ѻ
ƺЩЧأʶڱ˵û
˸ֺţһһ
ĸסҪĸסĸס
ֱʵūھȥϷ
ȥ
ĽϾÿҪԼǰ̥ʱ򣬺ǸͷСȴûô
ΪԵʣѾˣȻǱȲʱ
Ůҽ
Ҳ˭ܣú
ֽĺףֵݵĴߣȥ
ǡʲô
ǽԺʹ˰Ĳȡ
תʱסӣĽϵ۾֪ʲô
˶ڵ
Ľϵ£Ľܺ֡
ܿ죬һ屻УĽŵǰûκ֣ϳǽЯ塣
ģƴԼе¶ͷ
Ůҽңֻڵȴҿĳ
ĽǰҲоԼ˾ȥñ˿ӵӣŮҽҲУΪ⣬˽»˵飬˵Ůˣ˭֪˭ʲô
ҲΪһ˻ӵĻᡣ
ڵµֿӵʱҩ۵ĲںӿڱǴһ¡
ȺȺһɤʹޡ
˵ΪڶʱûϢ
ܱԽŮҽȥš
ּѺӲص˾ĹЩΪпͨ磬ǲʲô
֮һȹŴ򿪣һɫ
մڴصӤ˳
ΪĺȵģڴȻ֮ͬ
ֻҪ̫ҽϣûʲô⡣
ĽϴȷϻеڣһֱǾĽ֣̫ܵҽԺԺʹȻϣ̫ҽʵǻʵر𽻴ǣ޲ڹڡ
֪֮⣬û뵽ĽϻһĳһС
鱻ʲôĳء


72

ƽռҶزĺձΪ, ˵, ᶼ, ҪôڶҪôһѻ, ͣڼйҹ
ʼҲ⡣
ӤСӰţ˺ڽƵСľУֱ̧ȥ˷մɻִС
ϷĽϷʱ˾Ҹճ
˵仰ϳȥ
ĽϿźһ, ĸס
ϱҪ˵һ⡣
۶ˣԼĸǰվǺӡ
ԭΪû, ֱʱŴĽϿе֪⻻һ¡
, ̫ڴˡ
ĽϵͷŻĺ˵ŮҲֹһ, ĸҲͷ֪׼, ҶЩߣȻͳȥŰȫĸҿ⺢ӵĳ, ̫ӳûһƴ
ϳȥֻӼֱ丸ģԼŮ, ֱǽġ
۾û𣿡
ҩûѣճǻ˰ֻۣƼˣҡ
⺢Ů
Ǹ
ۿţڴصĺԱͬҲã˶Ϊز˶ӣ뵽ʵ˸Ůֻ⺢ӵҪĸˡ
ȻҪĵġĽϰѺӵݸ֣ˮϴϴ
˵˻ỰŲ˵ӣţϢǵûˡ
ְϴðõĺӵݸĽϣǳȥ
ĽϰѴ׼õСѸŮϣֵСõļǰ⻬һ㶼Ͱͣ§ôҲ
źӺܿͳˣǿžԸ˯࿴ۡ
ʱһľʴҩ䣬͵ĵ֮
ͨĵطӷŽȥơ
ССʱܵĶҪˡ
⾹á
ĺ;ǰָһҩۡ
ҪʱĽϺһ
ǰ
㸸ףⶫⲻסְǿ⣬ӵͶڰ³һЩ
ܽӹ壬ѯʣﻹбĻҪ𣿡
ӵͺãҵذɡ
ǣˡ
ӷ͹·ߵĺ
Ųܿ죬ļȴĳ档
ͷһ㺹󱳶ʪˡ
˻ʹĴţվҩڲ
·һ̧ͷڵգĵ׿ʼȡ
ȴĽӽ̧ߣʹһξͣ¡
ηԶŲнһͬ߹հ˹մһ˳߳ͣ·ߵ
ڵĽ轹Ʋõüʣɴˣ
ǡ
ֽӹҩС£򿪸ʱ¶Цգĺӱ
Ƶĵƹ£ǳΪ˸һ룬ڵϲ뼤
븸׺񡣡
עСС˶һĸӾ
ȻոճôȷĽϡ
ܻ·˰ȥϳ
ǰĿĵǱһլԺ
ºӳòԼĽϲýǰ׼סԼ衣
Ͼͳǲֱӽӻؽģز˺ӣ߾˸ĺӣʱ̫һˡ
뽭δమӶύ
ͬܳϦĸߣȻҪڸš
լԺǽʮǰģżøﷳʱСסΪ徻Լ˭ҲûߣҲǲ֪һլӡ
סٺʲˡ
˺󣬿ŵţܵʣףûô
ûС
Դ죬ŮûУܵðŰ
ԺŽԺ֪Ϊʲôûˡ
ΪţĽ
һͷţͷ
ܹȥң˲ٶǺõġ
ף⣬ˣ˭չ˰
ڲףȺӴһЩٰţյõϢ¹ƻվͻعˣѾŵ½ˣ֪һԲΪݼٰ¡
Ȼ֪ԼȽñȽף㺢ûҲɽϢһʱ䡣
Ȼвοõˣֻ½ˣڹϣ֪ܽ
ҪԼ
Щɵۣǵĸ׻ʱ˵ϲˣó֣һ͵ݸ
ǶʶֵʱѾ꣬رĵĽ̵
Ϊһ𣿡
˼ֻСճرչˣ¸ײӦ
ްȥ׼Եȥ˿϶
ܣ
ɹ°
źûԵĿ϶۴ޣӲͷƤȥˡ
ŮڴϣڴòָһСӣСһɰĸ׸ˡ
뵽¡
֪Ľʱļ𷽴ҡ
ˣûټһ棬Ǿ弸ջʣǡ
ҺãҺá
챣ӡ
һ¡
һӺ󣬺ˣ۵һɲǣɫˡ
ʱżæŵİѺӱ𣬳⺰ܡ
ͷ󺹵Ľܶõţ̽ףء
ϻӶţµʱСιӳԡ
Աӳ˯ȥ滺
ܴ뿪ظʱѾʱˡ
û뵽ϾȻδ˯
СܣôڲŻأ
ȥѼˡ
֪㸸ȥδˣϵ㸸δԣȥ˵㸸ײţ˵˰²٣ʮŻȥš
ȷʵˡĲĳѣ˵Ҹⲻǻô
ϼʣʲôɻͷΣ˲ڼţȥ˺δ
ͷΣ˵ȥľµĵطСסЩգطҲδ˵Щ˵²ڹæĲУҲˡ
ֻ֪࣬ôҲø˵һɣǰżҲסûаôﶼûĪ˼ң
֪Сõ¶һҲסģûʲôֻ˵ûмҲȷȷʵʵӲ
Сܣ㸸˼ңɲﰡĳĶ˵񽪹ûûƤŮǽ˸ԺǼһ̫ƽӹ𣿡
ӦòģǿϽͳˡ
֪ܿʲôģҽôˣҲ֪ϲɶġ
ܻƣۣ˵ϲʲôģܵϲ϶й֮ȥЪϢˡ
صңֱӵڴϣϵζԡһ¡
ۣȴ˯š
Ȼûزۣڱﺢˡ
ʵۻع׷̫ҽԺΡ
ôͷδ֪
뵽Ǹ˯ĺӣЩ˵⣬ЩڴԼӡ
ʲôأ
ԸԺлῴ
*
֪ĽûбסӣԼĲѣԼʱҲ
ѻĽ˵˺ǰ̽š
ĸ±ҸģҰοҡ
ƽͣ˵ûס⣬ѹҲزˣαعڻԼȥҲ̫ӵ¡ڣҪúõģҪ롣
ֻȥĸҲˡ
Ӧţ˿ӱϢ˵ͻᵽǡ
ϵǰˡ
ʱ̣޻ˡ
֮˹һ±ҪΪĽϽŮҽǣҪܼ̫ҽְ֣Ľϼⳡ¡
ĸСǴΣҲôŭôֻ½㣿ѲΪǸҪˣͷһּ࣬Ųںûһں̫Ӻĸ¶Ǿһʱ嶯ıѾõ¡ʲôʱʲôýչʲôıˡ
Ϊ磬˭˵ǣū澵ҲŪôôģ̫ӵ¿Ĺ⣬ʺô꣬ôµȥ֣
ϸҲۣͦһյݿɲ˭ģ̡
Ц˻ʱݣҲûϣ浽λ
ļǵãǰܵʱ˼ᣬĸ͸ˣԶֹᡣ
ǸʱֵʮѮˣĴ͹
һصˡ
λ֣ԼҪĽϡ
ԭ΢ֵĽϱڤĥݹᾲ˵һɷ׵ģǰŰٰʹ࣬ڴϼѵĺţ˵ûи޹
ڴǰֻƤûȻ£˵±ӻȢ
ǰ˳죬ſڹ׸ϲ˵Ĵʧɫ޵
Ľûȥޣһֱ̩ûŮ̷Ͳ֪ˣҲû·ļ¼ᣬʱסڹٺٽˡ
¶ǰУΪΪ̡
ͬ⻰ɲô
ͷл
лȥͨƽһˣˡ
û˵Ҳˣ
ūȻ˵ˣл˵رһҪС
˵׼˵
æȥŸϣȥл
Ȼţл
лʲôر£˵
ĩʥĩҪʲôʹͣĩҪ´Ӧˣʮ³


73

, 㡭˵ʲô
־ŭ, ֱ֣֮
һûкʹ˻, ĺøʻǵȥĻº²ܳ, Ͷʮ³
ǡ
ϧǣѳɻˣ
ĩ֪һίҲĩĻ֮ģԺӱԹá
ѵ֪ҳɻ;жӰ죿
ĩȻ֪ĩϲõ
ҵóȻͻ飬νϲ
л, ĩҲ֪»Ҫʹͣ޷ǰ˵
л, Ҳ, ʥּδл, ع߸ʳء
±¸ĩ, 빫Ҫκιǡżᶨߣ½, ĩ볷رܳصģĩҲ볷ء
˵æĺ󱳰æ˳
ҲԸ㲢֮£ҲΪ, ΪҲ㡣ұڹסĺúõģƽһ̫ɶˣߣ
л˷߿
һŭ⣬лɡ
л˵㲻¼޸ĩҲᱻָһˣĻ¿ɲԼġ˭ĩΪϣϸú롣
ǰŸճžȥ˻ʹ
ĽϸͲ֪ͻһ£˰֪ġ
ʹ·ȥ̩
ĺôˣ
űְл̲סˡ
ŭлΪƽսңδͨ޴úýһʲôҪֻҪʶ¼޸޵Ȼ֪ӣ겻Ҳ岻ô˵ˣǼҪ޿ôг⣬ˡ
檶Ż²⣬ջس
ѾӦˡ޲ϡ
ϴδͻͲ볼飬ǣͲʳ檵
ǻʵۣ»
檲˼ֻǡĽ֪ԼˣƢǿ˵ֻ繬ѰǰദŮĻڿǳ檲ʵˡ
̫˼ѡôļ磬ˣ¾ôˣ˵ˡ
Ľ֪Υ˿˵òȰ˵
ˣǳ檱ط͹ˡ
ﻹҪæͲȥǶˡ
Ľϵµ˻δȫãҪ̫ˡ
ЦЦ޻עġ
ĽתǶЦ̩
еᣬ˵ֱս긹кӵ
˵Ȱ׳ɻ£ζ޵δ黳У
ǰİӡ
⻹㣬ʱʺӵĸ˭
ָôӦԣ
ӣʳôݣ
ʱ˲˵һܴ֮ꡭ
ĽϲҼ롣
ޣڴԼ˫Ů˿Ĳ֮ģ
Ҳ󷢴ȱҪõӺǻŻ½ȥԱ⡣
ص͹Ű˵ûлˡ
ô죿ҪūĻ͹ȥ˰ɣ
ּǹö˴˵ı»֮Īӵȥ
ֱѵҪĿŹ֮±֪𣿵ȵʮ³ɾͻˣôڵסҲѾ˳˻飬ټޣʱȥҲˣŵطǶպˣҲϲ
ܸϻҲû취Ľʵ˵ֲñ֪ɻ֮£ʱñ֪±˵Ȱ׻⵽ʲôϳͣһ˵ȶӲ˸ϵһжһˡǧ㣬Ҳûϵлʱ֣
Ľֶ԰˵ȻȥݱúԲߡ
ǣ
ͬһȥ
ʣĽһˣֻ·ȡӵһߣƿڴϣ⾡Ǳ䡣
֪лû棬ϲܵһز
лûͷԵĽʣͲŴδʤˡ
Ľϲ²⣬׮лģġ
Ϊľл̫ӵΣתΪĸЧ
ϾлϿ֧̫ӵģ
ֽʱ˰衣

Ľֽӹ豭Ҹղŷ룬ȥָʱѹлˡ
˼ǣ¶леɵˡ
лͲȴộڳ͢ϰռСҪȥΪҪָٴָ飬ǿлƽͨҸ£ˣдΪȥһǴķз㿴ڣж᣿ýлǵˣлӦ˵һ𣿡
ôһ˵ū澶ʱˡ¶ݣֻڿǺãʮ³ѾӲԶˡ
ĽϰѲ豭ݸ۾ϣһʱҲ벻ð취Ҳվͻɻģܻа취ġ
˯֮ʣֽĽϺѣߵһ
˵ʲôл˻Բѣ
ǣ´ŭ׷ǺΪ˶̫ҽǰȥлȫΡ
Ľ˯ʧӰ٣մͻͷ£δ̫ɺˣǲ˶֣
־òǣ߶ûһãô
˵Ҳǣ±ضϰΪѵͨ𣿡
Ҳ˵׼
ĽЦ˭˵Ǻ¡
ùûһˡ
Ľϼղã뿪ھͱĻסˡ
ֲһ̥ӻɣΪ̫ˣ
Ľ㶵Ŀʣºγԣ
˵лϮ˲ָʹģֵƶ
ʲô֤֤ǳָʹģĽѼԼٻЩ졣
޶Ҫ֤ݾ֪Ϊ㻹б֪㲻лӣ޲ͬ˻ͼ˸ˣ˻Ȼɡ
Ľ÷û֤ƾ²͸檶㣬µжԩ
ʺֽŸɾû֤ݣȻΪ޻᲻𣿣ߣ˹˻ˣ˵л޸ܻʶؾǽһ»Ҳδ֪ˣҶͻϢûȥ׼˻ˣˣ
ֹ⣬̫ˣ
۳˵ʲô¶Ŵ볼޹ˡ
ָ۵һһʮûһӣֱִ
Ľ˸檻˭ҹϮл̬ⷬȳ檱֪˭Ϊˡȷ檴ĺܣǰܽɢлĻ£ñ¶Գһ˫ʹĺã檵һϻۣͲȥ±̬ȣ
Ļ֪뵽ʲôû˵ģתҴˡ
̧ͷĽϣ
ǰһæ
ѵ֪°ָ𣿡
Դѹлңδط棬˵Ϊ·ʱǻʵۣԱĻΪԼǡ϶ǲлɻģ϶лΪáñңգҲҪĻֲ̌˲۽ǣȥ
ȥ˾մˮšɵø
ĽĽ̵ĸ

Ľһ˽Ůš
һˮȹʢķ٣쵰Ķˡ
ֻ۾ðˮ⡣
ôˣ
Ľ𣺡عĸֶŮһˣͷ˱¾ûµͷֶŮˡ
ûµġĽӯЦ
Ľǰ£ֱĽס˵֪ĸ˵˶£ĽھһǰδеĴѹأѹعȥĽҾͻ̫ƽѹعȥĽûӹˣΪĽҵˣÿ˶ԴҲʮˣԸ㰲һͬжģȴȥ£顣
δԵҲδزԵؼ˲ֶŮûʲôãò÷Ӣǳ͢سֶŮֻŮĹ㲻֪ǿ˶ȥ
ĽϲȻһЦô룿
ǵġ
ʲôȵҾʵûϷʱ򣬵ʱĸٸ㰲һ׮Ļ£޳ȥ
Ľ̵ͷá
뿪͹ʱĽ˵Ļٴε
ĸ˵Ļˣĸ˵ĹĸڹӲǰܳ裬ʵӺѹ
ɲô
ĽԽԽܣҲةӰֻ˶ŵߡ
ֻؼҡ
кˮ׷ô
ĽȻ̧ͷǰȥֻһٷةվ⻰Ȼʵġ
ҡͷû
ôô
֮ǰװʶô˵ˣ
飬ΪǵԵʽŲԾĿһЩĽ¶Цգƴ⼸һЩǹ̫æˣ
ةת߱һ㻹Ҫÿսã
Ľ̽Ųϣ۾ڴһǴá
ĸû˵ʱ䣬ʲôʱ˵ˣҾͲˡ
ةûӻĽȴܲ˵ò˵Ļᣬ
վˣϻκŻƣ˻𣿡
ᡣÿڵϣڼҴš
֮Ľ˼䣬̬ȷܣҲͳĬŲ𽥷˾롣


74

ةĽŲԽԽԶ, ûͷ, һֱǰǰߡ
³һھͷ, ĸȥ뿪ʱŮĸȥ˾, ſڵţͼһֱԼЦʲô˵㿴˼ļҵĹĽҵģʱû˵ˡ
⹬ٴμһӾϳ, ĽǸϸС
ӻḮةԼסҷˡ
˭ɵģ
ŭЦ, ˭, Ȼĸ׸ɵġ
ʲô
ĸ˵ĸƱ, ˵߲, ǮСҡ
ةճȭתһŽ߿Ĺϡ
ճſȥ, ƿżڴϣ첲˶ͷϣ, ˣȥ԰ɡ
ʲôѾˡ
յ£ڵѵףǲǸ뻻¹ٷˣ
ˣõµˡ
սȥԷҪˡ
ة𣬰ʵĸôţ
ҵҵʱմľѳô˵վ𣬡ף˷Ҹ
ة´
*
ȥ˹Ľһ˴﷢
ȵ۾Ŷ˼ɡ
ϴν˵˽ôӵģδȴĳǸ档
ȥˣ
ȥˡܱ׼ڴߵ£ҵʱ˯ţԺڸϴ򲼡
ǺƽĻĽϵĶɴעһů⡣
Ϊ㸸ˡ
Ȼأһ㲻Ϊ˵׸֣ꡣ
Ľһ飬˵ʱ˵𣿡
ʵɤżЦ⣬˵ˣ˵궼ߡ
ĽøĺãǸŮ
ڴڶǲܻĽҵġ
֪
Ҫ˵úչԼúġ
ĽһѯлƣܻأǱסˣֻ˻δѡ
ֵ˾û֡
ҲҪ˵ȷʵǶԷġ
Ľ˴һˮø
ܲԣְʱŷˮǱġ
ǸӳԵģϵڵģñˣỵɢֵȥ꣬ǵһ顣
Щ֪ģʵ۵Ůǲιӵģ
Ҳˣýˣʹϡ
ǡ
ܽҩС
ûһˡ
ڶ⡣
̬ȽȻͬ
Ľڴߵڿһޱİˡ
˵Щˡ
֪ˣЩ檲ϡ
˶ϣο˵Ļأ
ںŻʹں˵
ڴߣʺ޹ִΪΪ𣿡
ޱĸ˶µõºεȴǣҲֻһʱ
֣뵽Լ˵ĻǻͿˣڲԣǰ˵ġ
ĽνЦЦĵϬ׼ȷȷʵӲʹǴôű°ǳ檣ÿÿ檻ּţѵԼǸЦ
һѽڻ˵ˡ
檻δ˵ءĽϼ˵ʱ檲£Ϊ¶Գ檸ĺãһΪ·ǣڹ֮ñ·ģܱ³˭˭˻ӹ檶¹Ӻ˭µΪʱ檵Ĳʹ𣿳Ϊʺ󣬱ׯ磬ݴȣΪܸ°׵ϣһԸˣֻǱеһӣʱɶ
ڤ¶¼ǸһİĻʺ󣬻ǸɵŮˡ
Ƶ±ԵҪôǣҪôƴɱס
ޱĻҭƿԣΪ˵Ķʵ
޷
߳İ΢΢ƿڰ׷Ľϵ޲ãʺĪǣ²
Ľݸ檲Ҳǣú塣
ء
ڵļĽûμӣҲδȥ
֮˵ż춼δƹ
ĽϾʮһȥ̩ʱС˵հ˴޴һ⡣
һƴĺݣİˡ
ĽŻȻΪʲôûμ磬֮ûƹԭ⡣
֮޶նδɼж
ĽϽȥ޴ϲЦʣñϲ
Ȱ˽ˮѴ󹦸ɡ
ģĽϿĲѣԺȻǿ̫ˡ
д˷ܣԤʱһ£乤˹ںӵĿٵۼͨУᣬԤʱ϶ˣϻСˣȰ׹Ȼû޶
Ľ֪ˮһֱΪͷۡ
檹ϲ½ڲΪˮǡ
ǣһ£Це˵ɲ𣿵Ȱ׻ҪúøŸϢ
Ӧõģˮ¶Щڡ
Ȼһй֮񰮡
鳩죬ݹĽϲһͬʱٳЩ΢֣˳ۡ
ĽϳӣԼ̫û̷ˣٰ಻סᱧȥֲĽϱɫ¡
ʺѾȺܾˡ
Ľʾ֭ôپͨˣ༸λ̩Ⱥ
֪ټ˹ԱǼʱ£Ǿõȣ
£˵ޣæ㡣
¡Ľϵ˵˸˴²ø˵Ⱥ̷µģ⡭
޳ױɨˣֻط͹
̩Ľʱĸ¼˽衣
˶ţ˵ѿ˴˵ʲô
̫ˣЩЩûס
ȭ﷢ᣬЩܣΨ뵽ŴСŮžúЩ
֮˼һֱƮţδ¶ʲôȴɡ
ɢֵ󣬶˲УةҲæôסŲؼס
֪ûڼס
֪Ҹ˵ģҴ¡
費ʾ֪ʲô¡
û˵ةЦʣʲôŻмסѹûסȥ
СŮѾ£ᱻ֪͸һϢ
ȷʵˡ
Һ仰
Ȼأ
ة۾֮Ůˣ
𣿡
˲֣ͺˡةʣôʶģ˭ܵģ
û˽ܣԼʶġ
ǸʲôӵŮӣϻ𣿡
ةϺͻݣ²˵֪֪ȵģһƬͣԽ˳ӣһĽĲС
Ƕһ޶ġ˵⻰ʱ򴽽ǵЦ沿ʲôãһҲ֪ԭӵģͻݡʶ塢ҡ
ةһһδӽֱ֣漣
ңһŮӣҲͷؼ
ĺϲ
ʲôʱظҳ
û׼ãԺ˵
ָ֪Ҫˡ
㵱ǰŮӣҡ赭±ȥ
ʱʲô˼ˡЦһӶûСǰָĸ˺һ£ڼִ˼䣬ҪҪģһ㶼ɿڡ
ҳ治㣬ԮǼңôˣͻˣҪһӲꣿһ;ÿޱȡ
Ǹ˼
費֪˵ʲôá
ڽ˷صţȵʹŹرǰһ̲뿪תȥ
ŵ
˯𣿡
ûأճԱﱧš
ãϰѻĺӵݸ
ıŲңϻصԼסķЪϢ
ÿ§ź˯ֻӶ˰䱧ιٸͽȥ
ûĸҲûʡ
ֻѺιãÿøõõӣҵ²ʵʡ
Źϵ·ȡ£ɵϣһƣڿСʱȫɢˡ
ʳָСץţЦҲЦĸˣ㣬϶ģΪֻ֪˯
Ůʱʲô˵
ĸףζᡣ
ֵʱ򣬽˼ʫ֣ûá
һֱһֱĽһ
ͬڡ
ԶԶ
˲˽֡
*
շת˯ţΪȰҪˡ
ҪĶࡣ
ԵõϢĴԾһֱ˷״̬
Ŵŵҵʱ䣬žǼ͵ŵǣ߹ٵôҲøʮҵʱɡ
ҲѾڻİ·ˡ
ٲҲʼˡ
ܹҪ˶þͻġ
뵽ӵģ̲סЦ϶ϲĲ֪ˡ
˵ʲôʼҪӣٹҪѽ
˫˵ȣԽԽġ
۵˺ʵǰסˣ˯ţнŲ
۾·Ծ
һӵɤۣЩ飬˭


75


ǹյ, ôô͵ˣ
, ˭ܵ
ѵǰˣ
Ƕô, ܸģĪм£
꿴, Ȱײ쳸ԼȻϾô۾š
ϲӵǣݵĻȰס
֧ϥǿںǽߣ˾߽Ӱ
Ȼ£ֽӳֻ¶˸Դ
ڸ˸ʵ
ϣʱһֻ޳¶Ȱ׵ݡ
Ȼڹ߲Ǻ, 껹ǿĳȷɹˣҲˡ
˫
ԭƽŵΪųҫɡ
ˣſ, 
˽, ڴŶӲǰ, δʣû˯, յļţôô죿
û𣬶˴ȥԱߡ
ôشҵĻ
Ϊ, Ȳ㣬ڷǰͶˡ
ô˶㣬ôע, Ϊ㲻ġ
ʱˮѾˣֻǻЩϸС账ˣ֮ǰҰдýװûʲôµģǿ϶Ѿ·ˡȰ˵ס꣬ôʱӣ⼸ǲûúóԷ
Ȼܲ⡣
Ȱ׵עʼղϣֻһЦĺࡣ
кúóԷֻδ̰졣ָסգˣؿ϶ۡ
Ȱ׸ֱҪԲûģܿˡ
ǹŵģʲôʱ䵽ڵģ
͵˳ڣɫûңֱŽšԺ˰ûţϾΪŸ·һĺܣԡºȥ㣬˭֪ͷδȫɾ˯˹ȥһ˯˯ʱ
鲻Խһ˼֮࣬ĶʱǶ
ѱƿĿԼ
Ȱױ޴ľϲû㡭ˣ
һѾˡ
ҪˡȰ׵ɤɳ˼֣Ҫˣ
ǣҪˡ
֪ǲԼۻˣ۾п⡣
ȰװڵĵƵĸãɺá
ǡڴʱĺ̥ˣӴһˡ
֪׻ˣ˵ĸкء
Ȱֱʣǰĸ˵ҵʱ˺ö࣬ôû֣
˺óʱ䣬Գ£һӲֹסеֻأʲһ˵ˣǴ˵ʱ򲻺ĸΪӴʱûɣﺦ¡
Ȱ׽§ڻ£ҸʳףԵıԵĺáӻڴ󣬻ʱ˳˳
ʱʳЩ
һѧġ
괽һۣҸĻſ𣿡
ˣտһ⣬̵סȫˡȰס֣˺ˡ
ȥѵϨˣڷⱼ࣬н͸㡣
Ȱ׺ʲô͡
ǲµˣˡ
롭̫ˡ
ǻȥ
´ʱһ£Ц˵𼱡
Ĺﻹʲô˯⡣
꾡йĻ˹ϵʲôദ֮
һԸɻ˶éٿˣԼˡ
ϲӡ
ΪĵҸ

ʱ˴ܴ
𣬱Ȱǰ顣
һ£·īںڵĳָٷֽ
֪Ȱ׿죬û뵽ô죬о¡
泯⣬Ȱףʱˣ
ֱʹ𣬡ʱл¶ôû˵
Žٸ˵šֵĻ˵ǻ¿϶Ǹʵ˼л˵ԼĿڣ˵ʲô˭ǰΪϣҼҷںεѽ
ȰдЦǲǱµ˼㶼зǷ֮룬ʵ
ҸҲûΡ
һʼҲֻһôˣ
޷ҶֱˣȻôźá
Ǳߵû֣ҲŻ³ɵġ
ߣҲ˵ôԶھڣкΰ취㸸ױ㶨飬㲻Ҳ˶ټҷ޲𣿡
˵˼˵ˣ
ѵ𣿡
ȰֻЦһʱһʱʱҲ޲ߣֻǲ֮أϣн˳µ˼ֲϣ졣ұҲԲҷģ˿ɲȫġֻһ˴ͻбĹԱ֪ԲТ֮һ֮ǰ游йԱ˵游ٻһأ׹æϾ飬˼ҵòӵĹػ鲻ùʶ٣Ҷ³ԱһͨҲͰˡ˵ñ֪븸״֣񲻴ң
޶ƣԱ˫ȥýТ꣬й涨ķɥڣ˫ʱТɥ޴κҲԴ¡
껹ͷһ֪йԱ
ɼڹٳҪСġ
ûлԶҪŻ£
Ȱ˵Ȼأҵ˿ھڡ
˵Ժ𣿸о򲻹ء
ʲôĴĺ󲱾󣬡ҷ˵˼ҲָǣˡûκΰţΪһ뿪𣿡
һЦ˻ǰ𣿡
ᣬ²ǷҪ˲С˵մͻлͳ£ֻǣУûôȰ˵ǰĶ£ôܻ𣿿һҾ֪ûзٹ֮£ҪƻϾ̵ġ
ĺܺ˻ôΪĸҶ벻ʲô취
Ȱ׽ɻ󣬡ΪлֻһŻɢ糯лͻᱻıﵯȢ㣬ŶûС
Ŀ࣬ı
ûı֮ģֻɵЩ¿ǷȥҾͿʼ֤ˣֻǿѹᣬѱֶԼáȰ׿һһ㶵ģЦǳϵ»İΣڶ˱㡣
۾⣬Ȱף㵹
۽ĵģԺ㵹ʱ򡣡
ĿԴ

˷󣬷ģĽϰĽȥ£ةȰһЦ
Цʲôѽ
˵Ļˣ˵ԺļλԱдһԷҶ˲پƣʷ˵Ҫ͸檣ǡñѰ˵˸ˣֱӰѷˣ˵ʱҾ˴룬ʷͽ˵ǿЦ˭֪鲻檣ָıһͨڳļԱ˭ҪǸҸŮˣȥ˭ֵļȮҵǸ֮ǿˡ
Ȱ׼˵һºӼͦεģһԷҲԾȾˣ˵ʲôٱţϲÿ
ֻһݣԽ顣ĻҲûУĿǰΪֹûκεĽչ
ȰĻ˵ѣҴɩҵ֪࣬ǺѳɣǼҳûӣĸûĸӣġĲǰݣϤǰƤЦʵǰԾһء
ʣ ˵𣿡
ǣǴɩĸҵģ˵Һþȵüʱһûˣȥȥʱʮ춼ûˣǼ˭ҵĻȥˡ
겻ֹأ
Ȱ׵취ŵԶı߹ȥˣͨˣ˵ùҹ
ţл˸š
Ȱֽӹһд[һƬﲻǱģĩٲҪϾҪͬҪĩˡ֪Ժ˭ǰξڴء]
ԴдԵļ
ЩðȡֽʣŸȰסŲ˷ֽī뿴˭ô󣬾ſˣһġ
ͷĲһɨ⣬ЦŴ𣺡Ǿģᡣ
ԡȰװŵݸջ˾ǡ
ǡ


76

Ȱڼʮ, 겻Լ׷ÿǿи, û³ֺóԵ, һĶٵιĻָ뾩ǰ
ȰƤͰ, ʮһֱţټÿմ߰ף֮ʱ˲١
ʮʥ޸ѯ㲡ˣӿɺЩˣ
˭˵ģȻһȥӵĹԱ
Ļأл¹ػѾ˲١
Ϳ๦ߣúϢ, żٵʮµףʮһ³ش½ӹܹ񡣡
Ȱл˶뿪̩, ԷʱĽ档
Ů, ĽǼϲֽ, ·Լ׶ӡ
Ȱһ, ʺ밲
ĽЦɨһΧ, ض񣬱¸õļڣ
һ, һֱʮµ׽
ˣ۳Ͷ˼£˺úϢ㲻ڼҵʱܹ㣬
Ȱ׵ͷӦ£ġ
ذɡ
ˡ
Ľȥ̩Ŀġ
ǲǴˣ
޷еûУҲ²á
ĽЦȻһ£檷˼ȥӦø߱¡
ʲô£
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Ľ̾˿檾ةǱµ֮ȴΪܾ֮ĥʵã벻һԾǳ͢ʧа֪ˣЦǰ˵һ˵
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ĽǴ
ⲻ֪ĽϾΪ֪ʦةߣŹʶһ˵ġ
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ةЩ¿ɷʵة޼١
֮˵һЩʾĻ˼ةףǵжģԸ
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ÿֲֹ뿪ʱҪһʥ
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ġ
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ĽЦҪﶼãﻹܿõˣ
Ľ̴ͷɥֶŮȲֲҲ̫ûһֶŮֻԼô˵Ļᡣ
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ǣֶŮˡ
ûףÿ⻹ܼϣղĻϣûϷˡ
Ľ̫̾ˡ
ֲ֪ةƹܱǶԺҶʷŶԴ˵ôҪ
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Ϊ΢׳һʲá
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ˡ
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ة鲻΢̣һ
ڳ·ϼĽ
Ľ̻ؽĻձ㲻ˡ
Ŷβ𣿡
ĽЦЦߡ
קһӣ
Ľ﷢ţĬĬһһǰţۿҪſˡ
ѿڶˣһ¡
ǰһסŲһةļ򣬡һ
ةתºͣĽ𣿡
ҡ
ĽԴһƬհף֪Ҫ˵ʲô
Ҳվǵš
ҡҡĽ֧ţϸж㣬ûߣ⼸ʱ𣿡
ةһǵͨ죬ʲô
Ҳ֪ʲô
˾֪ˡ
Ľ߬Ľة˸С
Ȼ֪ʲôӦòҪģ㲻ĽҵĹ˽¼Ҳʡ
ܾˡ
Ҳ׸Եɡ
Ľ̾÷ⶪͷ̧ˣһᣬڴת
ˣͻˣԲ𡣡
ղѾһˣة˿ǻһ
һ³һȥ±ˡ
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˴Ӧˡ
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ûʱ˵д𣿡
һôԲȥ
ȻʵˣȻôԲ
˵ţ⣬Χ۵һǰһĻɵˡ

77

Ŀ֮, ͷɢױȫةȿ޺, 俴ӵԭ
ةһ亮, ֻԵĶŮ
ϸͱһƿˣյѪյж, ֱӽקֹûУ
ӵѵ⣬Ъ˹ûУ
ة䵭˼£ŭ˱£һƤ֮඼ģµԴͼ
˵ƿȥ
ΣסѺϡ
ڻḮ·, ޵ȥоˡ
Ĭ˰·ʣڲ֪𣿺ڲ
ץס֣, ĸ, ֻܰˣ
Ұﲻ
Ҫǲ, ĸĻȥˡ
հÿ, 游Ұɡ
ԱɫжŮģĸʲôҲ뿪ҵ, 㸸Һ룬㲻ܲң㸸׾һӣԺҵļ㣡
벻뿪, ڲ˵㡣ЦЦУΪײȢ𣿡
ȢҲǳӣ
ĸףһ㶼ܲ𣿡
ʲô
Ҽĵһ졣Ц𣿡
ϵŹɵŭ˺̵ܶʱ䣬㡭
֪ϲףԸ룬Ϊ𣿡մ𳰷һӣḮһһԴסֻ˶٣ҪӸúֻ游һ˲ţʱʱĻȥǮǮִ˲ƣ˵ǶĶأȻصڣѶʰʰȥɡ
գָһƣû㣡˭ģ
ղŭЦҪھͰջȥҾΪ뱻
һֱĬϿڣĸף׵ƢԣǾḮġѲǸĸǾƫҲ游ЩٵТݣȥӹĲġ
һҲأҪǲңҾһͷḮſڣ㱻ĭӴüǣ
⣬Ȼ͸ùײġ
Ц㲻ˣ
Ŀڻʹſһ£ͷҲǿڸ׵ϣԸֻܲ˱ϳˣʥήأ
˵ãĺöӡ
˵أӣҲӣôô󣿡ЦЦҽôһദˣԼǰҽ㣬ҲңΪô길µˣֻǲլ˼ƽϰˡТͷһѵΪĳǣͱϳȥˡ
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ḮҵӾۼһãŮ
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ڸһظȡϸ㣿
ڰɡ
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д뷨ˣǰûǮҲõٺ»ֲ򡣡
û£ҽ㰡һЦҲȱǮüŻ
ةĶģ

ڻǽ⣿
𣺡Ȼǽˣ˵Ϊ̫ƽʢŹصһڳŹŵʱ½˳ǻΪһͨ鷳Ҫ£
ңҲһ׷ٺ»ʱҲԶˡ
С˽Ӻ󣬽˵˵˸²ӣô˵¼ʺټ㣿ֲΥТ֪ĹԱ˵಻࣬˵Ҳ٣޹ֲܰӹְ˭ʲô
ةôһ˵ʱȻɢ
ȥ̩ҲĸԱɵȷֺõ¶
ֲôô
ΪĻϡ
ֻδԭةҲ뵽ˡ
йǴĲҺù
ҲøûⱣҪ㵽ϡ
ة̾һ⵹Ҳǡ
̫ӵµʦüˣѧý𣿡
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⻰ЩЦʦν̾ν̣ôɲˣ
ة˾ͷۣһСܶⷢʣøײС
һ·ŵ˽ϲڼңȻ¶ǮȴǽԼƹܡ
ÿ귢ٺ»֧㹻ӽܼңȡǮ˱¼ڲᣬǮȥһĿȻ
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ſڱۻˣةҪϽʱķϣϹϵǸЦ˼Һô޸ô꣬ΪһһŮûйҲпͣ˵լӣ뱲ӵùܹɣ
ةһ˸ʥˣ֮иˡ
˽ӣϷ߷߳ߣŽ˵Ҳ̫ˡ
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ֱ׳ĻأҲþͨʲô˵ˣŮ޲űǵ¡ʼҪ˵ģֲȡ;ôкãʶֻдץϹˡŮ죬۷ģŮͺˡ
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ܸɿһΪãôܱأ
ҶԶ鲻Ȥѧȥ
¿Ӳ˲죬ǾͲ
¿üĿ֮һ⣬Щӣȴѯʣ˵Ŀģ
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ɫôȣҵ֪ϲʲôġ
ҡߴС˵޸£Ժ˻λҾǻʺ󡣡
ϳһ۽裬վŴһԲ
һ󰲾󣬽迪˿ڣɤŭ⣬ºͣʱұ̵λһ̵㣬ĸ˵ŮܸҶ㣬ΪǺڶڹ̣ܽˣܶ뷨Ըıˡûʲô£֪ζʲôǲȥĵط׻Ϊ㰲һŲĻ¡
ҲҪ²֪ǿұʾԣ֪ζʲôʲôײҪٰҵСˣѾʮˡװҲϲӣҾ
ǾڼҴţޣΪһֱ㡣Է˵ӽ𣬲׼ٳһǿסҲҴˡ
ףȻվתץһˮԼٽҵ㣬ھ
ܳϹʲô
£ѵ£ŵĲУлú˵⺢Ӷʲôӣ
ҲţǸױҵģ
賯ȥһߺһֱ޿ѵת˲׼

78

ܼ״һ, Ҫһȥ, һס˽µ, ׼ԼĿڡ
⡣
һԵķɫɷףŵ, 촽ŷһ
¿ҡͷŵ󣬡
ֵĿľΪԼҴ̣Ҳ
˱ֱӶеĵЧá
Ųѡ񽻸֪Ůû
ӵڵأ̹ȥ
ͷϷһĶ
վһסֹסµ
ûжһָͷǵһζ֡
۵׳һƬɤŭв˭
, ˵
ػ
СĿһۣ𣺡
Ұ󣬾вҵģ
Żأǡ
黭ʫʸ踳һͨ, Ȳϻֲ, ǳ˫츳һռҿڳҪʺ, , ƾʲôѵƾҵŮѲƸղ䵭ڴһЩ޷˺ԵĵЦ²ֱҪ, ˣû
Ǳ˵Щһݵķȥ
˵Щĸס
ֻñ˵ʹ, ޵ݣʲֹ
һ۷ϣԲ鲻Ů죬ظʵڼңųȥʲôҿǷ㡣
СӦţ֪ˡ
ţ˽ϻﺿޣ߿ޱ˵״ңǰҵġ
ϱĺ󱳱˵㸸Ҳˣ˵˵õ㸸ף㶼ˣ⺢̫ˣ
˵״㣬Ҷ㡣ȥ£ΪʲôǸɵӣӣ˹һ£׺ҿɾȲ㡣
Сˣ
һ¶ɣΪⲻܣ
СС㣬׶ڼɡ
뵽㣬¿޵ĸˣֲܳˡ

͸ˣҪݽԱ˱棬ֱӾȥˡ
̩ʱɫѴڻ谵
ſվһ񣬡
ǿջЦҪһˣʱʺ棬æš
ɫһ⻰˭⣿
٣ԷڨڨһЦȷʵԡ
żĽϲԸ⣬վǻʺ̷ܲӣ
֪ĴֻҪԼĶֻû¡
ֻǱ飬ʹˡ
תߣ֪Լܡ
վš
ȵٽȥͨӺˡ
̫æϾȥ͹ͰĽϺųš
ù˵С˯Ľ˴ϱš
˯аʱСࡣ
Ľ⣬Ľٵ֪ͨ϶룬ȥԷɢΪˡ
Ҳûǿ
ҳʱĽƽݸһЦ
Цݣ¸ɬˡ
ȥǰȥĽ촽˶Ķ˵һ仰
ڹԷ
֮ͳſȥˡ
ӯӯʩһ񣬡檼㡣
ĽǳЦడ
ʵǳ檽岻ʣҲ˯áΪԭԴĽϳӺûȥ簲
̫ҽ㿪Щҩš
Լʧ䣬Ц˼֣ѾڵˣϾ檻ٸӡ
Ӷ֣Ľ֪ҪʹԼ
ǱڴĺϢˡ
Ŀ߹Ȼ䣬ֻҪӵϻλͺˡ
ȵǸʱиԵͳͳ
̩ĴţĽϰʾⲻ÷Ȼط͹
֮š
ĿϷҿ
˵ӱϿлһԱµ̶ȣŭһ𣿱¾Ǳ£˲²׼뷨
ദۣ˵ÿÿ仰ҪĦ²⡣
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ֳõԶնʮһзκδ¶Ǹϲġ
ֵڶرȨ֮ǰǲĽӾǵġ
һֻû̽һΣ˼˲ܳϦۡĽ˸Ļδɻʱ򣬴СֳǳˣҲǡȥʮ̽ףǽ»ǽ£֧ˡ
ְ̾Ľ֪޷ھȻҲﱻЩʲôأ
Ͷ˵Էδ̫þͼ˽衣
ȻȥԶ
ðⵥģɫãԸ˵ϼ䡣Ľϳ˵Ӻ󣬱̷˵˸˴²ûˣ㲻Ҫʲô
˵꿴ЦˣĽҲЦɺˣ
һ˵ġ
֪ޣҲ֪ɼһѹ
ĽֻסĿڴҡҡͷͲˣھŻɽϵһμ֮ǰҾõĽֻ֮Ůˣֻһ˵ġ
ִϲĽҾͬˡ
ֻΪĽֻ۱ֻĬĹϵȴĽҾ׼ǿƽ޵Ļϵ
Ľɿ֣Ժ󵥶ϸ˵
̫ӵ֪𣿡
ǲ֪üۼ価ϲãĽϺ촽΢
һѳıסɤ͵ļҪҰ㡣
˵ҲʶԼڵˣֲһ䣬ƾҰ㡣
ļԶ׼Ľϻһ䣬Ҳ㡣
ĸ֣ýڻرʱһ·
ׯӣҲϵӡ
벻ףôõΪʲô޻᲻ϲ
ȥʮµ֮ǰûʲôǻʺǴ󳼡
е˽Ҳǳġ
Ҳʲôǣ
˵û֮ԶκεĹϵ
ȻǸҹǹϵıľڣ貢ΪԼΪ塣
ֻ˵ӣΪлȥ˽ˡ
費ֹйһŮˣϻǷϣʲô
ʱͲϲŮ֮£͸Ϊ˸Ů˵оͬ
һ뿪Żɽ˽⵽ǣԭʺ˽ӵģ󻹲ׯŰܾҧˡὲŶЦ
̼Ů˹ƾ
ڽӴУ˽⵽ͻݣ˸оܰͻݣʲôⶼӵסѧʶ
ʶʱ䲻ȴܶԼ
Ǳ󣬲žⷶ˲һ
ôҲ벻Լ˰ӡ
ϵĵж֪ͬ϶ҪһԼʮ
ǣ˲е
òǣΪû֪Լİʲôʱ
˯ŵ꣬ƽٳϵ뽭ķͳͳˡ
ССַڴߣĶҸ
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һ磬Ȱ״լȥɽϪɢ
ͣɽ£ϳš
Űɫñǣš
Χûˣľ
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ȰЦˣŮ˲ܻ
Ϊ˾ŮˣŮô겻⣬㾹ȻŮ޸˱ˣֱҵԧס
Ҳ̫ԸģϣŮ޸һܸŮҸˡ
ѵŮһʱ֪ŮҪǸԼһ𣬶ǸŮӡ
Ҫ£ȰֻðѸ˺Ĺ¸һ顣
Ĺ£Ȱ˵̩иС̫Ǻܺõġ
Ȱ֪˵˭˭
֪ʣʾ
ǲǸ߸ݵģ
룬װ⣬ˡ
ǡ
ɵ̩𣿡
ǣһֱ̩ҵ˵ġ
Ȱûʲôʾ֪
ǰƵĻ¹ٱԷͨź󣬵ͱһĨ˲ӡ
ʱֳ
ɱʾ֮ǰΪαԼ
ʾ֪Լˣ˵ԼûбΪԼûЧҹ
ŭһѳԼĵֱӾͽ
ɱŵϵʬ˵һ仰Ч꣬޴

79

ȰΪ, ɽ֮Ի䵽Ե, 
ԭҪ, һް·̵̫, ûҲȥڶ˾̫ˣһĽҵ֧ûĹǡ޵ıص̫ʵˡ
̵·⵽ƻ˾ţ޵ļƻҲ֪ˡ
ڳõķߡ
¹˭δ֪
˸ĶƤ, ̥Ķ𣿡
á
޶ͣʱŻȥԺȰ׸ͼչˡ
æһ, Сᡣ
ԸϽ˻ȥ, ֻմ𣺡Сүʱ, ȥĶˣ
ȥɢȥˡ
˽̸ԽԽԶ, 곯⿴˿С
ϾȻڳȴ
ϸ߹ս, ˡ
լԺии۾ֱˣֱ߹һ
վס
Ķվס˵, վס¸ñһ˵ֱӾ¶ˡ
ʵţĻŲӿĳߡ
ϼԼ׷˹ȥ
һĻϣܹȥ㿴Ȱ׳߼ˣת뿪ˡ
Ҫַ꣬˭֪ƿֱסո첲˼ײˡ
Ȱף
տԱߵŮˣһͷ£ʲô
ŵʱ򣬱Ȱ˵ĸף׷СŮ˸ʲô
һԺиеŮˣһ̽վסҲվҾ͸ˡ˵Ÿָ꣬ϻֱ˵ռҵģܳѽ
տȰ׳ԼüŪۣʱʲôˡ
Լˡ
ǸӰ
סļ򣬡ĸ
⵨ӱӶСԡ
ĸҪ֣Ǹư͡
̾˿ֻԼĸ׵Ӱ죬˸ܻ쳳ܵģΪΪԼĸףҰ˴ҡ
ӵˣĸҲ븮ˣҲð˽ӻظȥˣ治á
շӦ죬ҵӣһظû취ġ
Ȱװ֣ʾմ˽ݣѯʸϣĸ£
ûҾͲˣϼնԶĶҵŮ˰
Ϊͦ˸ӣִñûʲôġ
֪
㿴˼ҡ뵽Ļ³ٳû䣬Щļٹ¾Ҫˣأ
ĸʲôȢ𣿡
ҲȢϡ뵽һЩԣ׻³Ϊģ㲻Ȣ
ȰģֻŮ˸Ȥ
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ԶȰſ첽ݣ꣬һȥˡ
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СᣬˣȰš
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Ȱװοͦ㲻ƽ㣬Ͳῴˡ
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Ȱ׳ڻʣԺٸ
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ô
ֲлʲôֻǵһѽƿˤˣĺܡ
üֲۣûۣиġ
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Ľ̾ةգϸղ£ðͷԲˣȻ³һô˵أ
ĸ˵ĶԣԼ˵Ҫˣòǲã
Ľ̵Ůܺã׸·Ȼ֪ة·ߴ磬ӢߴβֲݣҲѲ·ֵûʲô˾С
żգûôݣµһڸˡ
òʱģ·˴壬ʶķʱ䡣
Ľʱڵ·
㣬ⶼ೤ʱˣ㻹Ϊʲô˼
ֵҷ˼
Ľ䲻ΪȻȸС˶ѣ˵ŮͶ󣬾ˣô˹ӣ㲻÷θ𣿡
ڳƷϵĹԱһ𣿡Ľ̫ӵµǲϻλĽһôڿĽûʲô£ֻǰԺɣУ㲻Ҫһһ˵ôѵԶгһձ˺ŮΣˬ٣ҶһӡͺܺãΪʲôᷴθģ
ĽƲ죬ⲻǵͱͿˣܲŮ˵ɰɣ޵ʱ򡣡
ĸ˵Ϸַܶˣû檣ûǮԻңôᱻͿգĽֵܸŮҲûϵֻҪ̫ӵ°ĽңҲ
ǱĸĸϴӣغҸ
ûСĸô˵ľô˵ģǴӦ˺ȥĹĸҲû˵ʲô䣬㲻˻ʲôҸԣĽ̰·Žװã뷨ͬ˵ǸˣǸֻ̫࣬ҪȨƣֻҪԸǣҲԸ˲̫˽ˣһͼ˼ҵȨƣһ߻Ը
Ľߵ֪ȨƲȱŮţܽܣܲˣԸҲԸ⡣
ƲԸ⣬Ҳûȥ𣿡Ľů˱裬䣬ûʵǸӡ
Ľ䵥ֳûһû͵𣿱縸ףٱˡеҲԸ⡣
Ľ˵׺ͷ˶ʹ󰡡
ô꣬ԺˡЦĽʣ㣬Цʲô
Ľ̺Цҡҡͷûʲô
һμة֮ǰҲʲôˡ
òԣõ׼ةǸѿ֮ˡ
ĸ˵òʣ˵⻰ʱ򣬾ةѾȥ˺ü꣬Ҳʱ䵭ļ䣬ҲʱԷѾ˲٣ǻǺƬġ
³һȥµʱĸҲȥˣһξָĸ
һۿʱ˵Ǽٵġ
ȫһ
δ߽ϸܿȷĸԣݿʣĲѿ
ƤȲڣҲûӡ
֪ǲǳϰԭļͦĺֱľȡ
ǰϸüޡ˫Ƥֱͦ´
Ҳȷһͣ۽ƣЦʱ򣬸ԡ
ĴŴܲǴ١
һϴ÷׵ɫЬϵĴûһ롣
ȻǽºЬȴǸɸɾ
һĽߣ֪ة϶ֺۣͳȥϾΪģԼʲô
ôǸ⡣
ȥ˴ҹҲû
ù緹ȥ˾¡
ˣһʱſˡ
³һһĸġ
ԺڿةδͣŲǰĸ͵ŮŲŷء
һƧض뿪ö˵˵
Ľ̰ѻﱧŵĲˣҸ˼ۣҲ֪Сϲʣؼԡ
ϣة̾;ܾˣĽĺˣҲա
Ľ̵ݹȥδջأŲǰǴֲڴкĴ֣ץס
伫ɿϸĴз·ڡ
ةͷ΢üͷеĶ̶ֻ
Ĳա
ûӴսһһ߷˾ôһ֡
ةźһû
ģҿ˵·̫ˣ㴩·
Ľ֪ΪʲôҲ˵ףǲܵģҲĽκιϵ
ĽϬۿһ죬ֱֱע
ة۾кѪ˿·࣬һûϢá
Ҫ˵ʲôһϤӰڣ겻ɢĳϡ
һץĽ̵ĸ첲ɿ콫һܲ˵Ĵ档
ˣ˾Ǳߡ
Ľ̼ѲԼҪߣһסӡ


80

ةһ, ͷ
Ľﻹл˵
лδ˵, ˿ɷ˵ꣿ
дſ, ةбҪѻ˵һЩﲻ˵ĵط, Եţȥеҡ
á
Ľ֣ȳ˵ģȥСȴ
̬ȣ»˽¼ϼˡ
֪ĽȻҲܾô
һʼū澾;ԱŸвͨ, 룬֪ĽҵĹôܽأ
ʼأĽ֪Լĸ, ܹҪ֪Ľҵ, ֪ѵԼƭˣǸС
, ô죿
Ľ̼Ĭ
һȾǰʱ
ʱɫܲ, üҼŭδȫǱá
һ˸
ĽŲȻϵȺԼ, ֱߵһصĵطͣ¡
δ˵Ļʲô˵
ʣԺټ, ǲǲˣ
֪ĽģͻСӦʱ˷ϣѰµӡңǰĽ˽ûҲС
ĽӣǰԺĽûʱ˿վǰңǱ˱ȵģԼԸվġ
ةڰ׷ӶôᣬɫòȥƾʲôΪһ㲻ɣ
ĽϵѪɫ⻰˸ɾ˵ˣǰҲûôţΪǵĳ͢سֻһӰ˼ΣĹŮӣԼʲôҲɡΪʲôվ˵Ҳ֪ʯͷûʲôýԡ
ةۺỨɳƴſ⣬࣬ѾʯͷͲҪˣԺҪ˽¼ˡ
Ľ̴˿֪Ļᣬץסˡ
뵽˶Լ뵽ĲɳԽ
סᣬ뷸
Ľż⿿
ة˸ֲҲȻ벻¡
ܵȥأûƿ§˲ӡ
Ľ̽Ųˣߡ
ǰةͷĿѣߣ쵽˲ӡ
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ЩЩⲻסʹƿַ̧£̧·¡
Ľ̰ˣҲΪĽʲôģģҡ
ҪĸԸ
ة۾㲻ҪΪҾͻջ֮ǰ˵Ļˣ֡
Ľ֪һˡ
ĽҰƵڵأ
Ǻ֮ˣˡ
ҪôͲȵˡ
ةһʱ仹治֪ôˣȱؾ顣
ǰ㶯ãǺð졣
¡
Ľҹжٲѡ𣿶ٶܰﵽĽңɲͼ֮֮飬Ҹʹģ˻Цģϸ룬ͬĹﶼжҸ͵ģ˻ô˵㣿ɲܷɵ
һˣ˭֪ĴӼһȺŮˣ˾ƾʹӣ˼Ҳ׸ˣ˭Ц˭ЦҲ⣬ҾҪġ
ͦ
ĽҲة˶٣Ҳǣǲеġ
ĽڳһֻץסĴ֣ˣ˵ˣҲΪĽκµģͲһ𣿡
ةĻƿ˺֪ô˵ˡ
Ҳ˵õ¶ڸѧϰ𣿻Ҳȥηꣿ
Ľô⻰ɿ֣˼·ǹƵġ
˰뽪Ϊһ̸ɼѾΪŮӡ֪˴˼˵ĶԴðؼһ𷣡Ϊܣ˼ƲңԺ˽¼ˣԸոյΪʵڶԲ𡣡
Ľ̼߿ΪԼçײڣΪԼûץеź
ȥ·ϣʲôҲ˵Ҳ֪ôο
صȥĸ׺Լȥá
˵˲ù򣬵Լˣܵͷ
һ죬û뿪á
ϳϵʱȥĽϡ
ôˣ
죬գһˡ˵ô˵˺˵ټˣ￴¶
ĽϵôŰɡ
ϵһͷɣǱߡ
пãԲ߰ɡ̣ɩӾ÷ĴӺýųɻ彫ֳľӪؾǣ١
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սûء
Ľ϶ʱ⣬ΪԼЧֻǴӶҲĽһҪʾ
ĳ⡣
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ѡȵ۲ͬܲѡŮˣÿֻѡ
ͽ˹űµŮԽԽ࣬ϰ𣿡
ɫ磬Цŵͷ˵ǣ˵һֱܱ´Ǽˡ
𣿲¶ĵģʲô£Ҳƽʲôġ
żһСȻƽϣֻǴˣǱҲᷳġСһЩȻΪʲô֪ŮҪأ볼檶ܿⰲţѵ𣿱¾֪ԸŮҲټ̷
ĽϲĻ㲻˵촿ˮĺ绨һͣҪΪ档֪ŮңڸӰ²˼׷ѡ
˵ţ̫ͨ˵Ӧ밲
ĽϸλձΪӦ촿
ƴСģӹݵķ·һܸܡ
檸ʺ밲밲
дʱ촿ɫ糣һ˿ӾнŲǸСˡ
Ľִ
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ĽûΪʲôȥƹֻ˵ȸ˳裬ȥЪŰɡ
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ٻصߣѾԼȡ·һ˴ϡ
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֪֪ȿ˿ڣĽӵǰȻûͱˡ
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ĽЦ𣿱μʲôˣ
Ժ︡еĳμ¥ҹúõģ֪ιǷ˼ҵһ֮¾¥ȻԼˣû뵽ڲԶһ죬ˡ
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˵ģĽҲֻܵΪ¥
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š
ʵҲû̾ѣξȴȥ˲䣬ҪըˣȥÿһŽ߿ǰѾ𣬱ʹ
޾ʱһͷ亹þû
ʵ·Լով
˷͹ڴ֪˯ţžֻΡ
ĽϵĿڴĶС
˶˵˼ҹΣ°
üޡ
Ľϲ˵⣬ʣ紿Ӧ밲ˣ˵յû죬ôͱ¿ˣǺø
ɤһ˿Ц˵ҹҹ˯ãⲻ޳˻ȥȸѲˮ޵ϣֻ̩õ·֮ôӦȥź򡣴Ӧǲۿǰٳ޵ŮˣҲ뵱޵Ůˣ޴󷢴ȱȫ˾ǡ޶ԣǸˡ
˵ô࣬Ľʼδģ˾٣Ūɳ׾ˡ


81

ⴿӦĹǽ, Ϊһˡ
޲, Ľɵ档
ʲôòŮû, ò˵ʱȣ, ޿ʮ֮һ
¾ͻ˵Ķ檿ġ
˵滰ްձߵĳ۵һߣεôˣ
ôŮˣʲôûУϵʲô
ҩأһЩ
ʺ󶼿һû̷ˡ
ĽЦ˵ˡӦЩĺã
Ӧᣬ޶᲻ڶ¡ô, ҲһûȥǶˡǲһô޲巳´ǡܽ, ȫǿ˵ġ
ʲôһ, ϶һġ
治һ, öɱ
һر, رǸ˲һֱ
ʲôϵ
Ůκ¾ͿԿ
һķˡ
Լ෴, Ͻʱĵġ
޷һˣָ, ĵųǼǿҵġ
۾ʣˣ
Ľһ
ްѵƸ§˯
ĽϴʱѾˣָͷʱ˵½̫Ů͸Ԫ¸µĳ
һȢ̫Ůˡ
˭˵أҶˣȫԪŻˡ˵ô£ʱ䲻ܱ´Ϊʲô²˿Ӱ죬ܵ˹أ
ĽžеԼ˼ܱڶӵϲûӰ٣֧̫ӡûˣҲ̫Ժ̳лλϾ̫ӵ游Ľң½ɽ䵽ǿ֮֡ȥ붾ɱ̫ӿʼҾ֪׹˿ûаʴȣɱ͵÷ϣûеѡЩͿˡ
̫ӵô¼ûֵĻᣬץʲôѱһֱôȥ»᲻²أ
㵱û𣿡ĽֽϵĶԼһһϣĴϳŹ̫ˣҶвûѹ
ְӷŵױ̨ϣÿϳǰ϶ĵ
СС;ͳô࣬ԸĥԳΪǸλõĵʯĽ߱߶˵ȥһ̫Ƕȥ顣
жԲˣ
ΪޣԲȥ֪ʱȥ̫᲻ʲô
̲סЦӦûᡣ
ƲԳԷƣòΪҵˣҲһֲǰ취İ취ɡ

ةѧĿµĽϡ
һ廨ĻͷŸ٣մ˿˿Ц
顣
ǰһ
Ľÿ첻ҪܱҪܶԺڻҪ̫ӹΣʵˡ
ة룺Բô۵ģⶼǰ˭Ͱ
ְڣҲӦġةͣһּ˵Ȼм仰붷˵
뽲
ΪλΪ̫̫ĽҵĹΪʲôӽԭ򳼶סһĲ̶ͲҪٰ׷˼ˡ
Ľ治ɫЦ˵Ϊ̫̫Ǳµּ⣬뱾θɣ̣ð¶Ѿ˵ˣ鲻ΪĽԹ죬ԺκεľұĻ£ɷġ
һ£ˡ
ةЦЦôļ޳ȥΪûʹ⣿
˵ģ̽ʮˣǰ˻飬ɻҲʮˣǸó޵ʱ绨Ͳ޵ʲôʱޣƵʱ𣿡
ĽֶŮﶨᰲһ׮û顣
ܺԼҺ
ĽϵĶӣȻǺû顣
ةʱ֪˵˭ˣŮѾɻ飬ʣ¸ӡ
ǺȻǼģģǷҵĺӣȻҲ
ͦõĻ¡
˫ʪ۾ةЩš͡
Ӷصţ˶Ժʷ¼
ʷôˣ
飬ĸҵıǸ˶ǳƢ˳ӵĲˣܸ㰡
ةüûǴĻѴŮӽܸ
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ӴӦ¼ϲѣɣ˻ȥ˵һ
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Ȼʷԣ˶һ
˵¼Ϸûƭɣ̫û⸣ˡ
ةºŮȥԱ߾ǳ˵һˣһģʲô˵ʲô
ԷڼƵƵΪˣȰٺȵƣŵȷǽεεģѡ
ֽ¼ñȳȥة𣿡
ʷܵĻв𣿡ة˾ƣЩ΢
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ةֳͷеĲ豭ƶƶȥǰҪһŮˣĵӵеʱ򣬻ͻȻָԼвָ࣬оԡͺص˶ʮǰҵһμʱĸо˵һᶮװģֿпޣУûҲС
ʷǲ˵Ը檰
Ҳô˵
һ˵ŮĺܣĥҲ᲻Ͼʷ͵ˡԺ֦ûһ徻ӣ粻ҪĺãҾûȥ
ة˹˺˰뱭裬һ´˵Ժ˸Ҳ뷶ϺгദϾǲһģָŷϣʱ徻
СѹĸͷϵģǼݵģҾ鷢һҲûⷽĹǣںǣӶ£һޣﰲĺܡ
ңĽôܽҵĸ
˾ǲϻλԻ˻λԼĸ޸ʱ̫ˣ˵¹ػʼ棬ǹĴ˼ңѵġ
ʱǰ׷󣬵Ӳʲô˿Ϊģ
˼ˣ趢Ϊʲô
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ܿϧҡЦ˵ʱˣûˣҲܣΪȫңǸС
ة˼˵㣬Ůˣ
Ȼ迴һɳ©ҵûȥˡ
һҶˣҵſڡ
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ϸַĽ֪Լġ
˯ţѴ»һ飬Ůϲɫ
ϴþ߶һһںãĸɻ׼ˡ
֮ŶĶʱڵվȥ


82

ڽŲ쵽ǰʱ, ôһ˿, ΨǱˡ
Ŵ򿪵һ˲, İˡ

ĽϽȥſٹϡ
ڲŰñժ¸鵽, תլӲѽ
ֻլӲլأ
Ľһѱס
Ļŭţ˵˯ȥҸɵĺ𣿡
һȥӡ
ɿ֣ȥҡ
һЩ, ȸǻһЩ
ĽſڴϿų˯Ů˵ÿ춼ߣһһ쳤󡣡
, Ҳÿ춼ߡ
Ľƫͷ, Ϊһ𣿡
ȥ, ޵, Կϲá
ȻأѵΪ𣿡
Ľϣ°΢΢һ̧𣿡
ҡ
˫ס, Լ棬ҲߣҪʱұŮ˽𣿡
, ΪԴӸһҷֲʱûҪС
𣿡
ĸ첲Ȧסƭ㲻ɣ
ĽϿ۾ԶҪƭңޱƭˡ
֪ġЦ⣬ʮʱҾͲǳŮɫˣȢ֮ǰĸ˵Ҫҷﰲͨûͬ⣬ʲôȤԡȢ֮Ҳʲô񫣬룬ԸһĶһġ㣬ֻһˡ
ĽϰƵڴҪ顣
Ӻ󣬵ƳʱĽһ
ֻˣ۾Ҳޡ
תͷȥĽϵס۾
Ľϣ
ʱԡĽϻ§ιڽ裬ȥϴ㲼ȥˣֹȷ
׶εĺӣȽ̰˯˰ʱԱ˯ȥ
Ľʱ򣬽ջ
ǲǸø˵˵¶ˣ
ްˣҸĸҲӦġĽ˵гһձ֪Ҳû취ĴҡȻƢǲŹҵģ϶밵Ҹһͷ֮𣬵ܹ黹еңҼҲϣҸûϹϵ͸һԼҲԸ⡣
ôַʽҰģ
ޱȨֳԶԭþƲʣ̫ӱ¶ɢġǻʺ󣬵ҲֻǹڹģڹʲôȨƣʲô̫ӣĽϰӺõıóʺ֮λԳûõģô˵һ޲ԼжŮ˶ǶԵģģҪǳбˣҿҪô裬ⲻǰ⣬¡
ĳԺ죬˿ڶߴ䣬ᣬý費һִ·Ѳǻʺ󣬶ӡ
Ľ˵ҪĽʱҪ
˵ˣة˼Կ侲ǣô׵ġֻҪûȢл𣿡
ĽϰһЩϸˣ˽¼̣Ҳ˵˽²ټμ
ܾʷΪʲôûжԽ褶ĽδһоûСǸʲôðС׼ף֪Ķȥˡ
ĽһЦôһ˵ҵ˸֤ķӡôһĶҾͲ޻ˣûУǱ㳹ա
ƾķʲô
㣬ʲôΪżģ
𣺡Σյʱ򡭡
ǰɩӽ˵̲ˣռ飬̷ֻ֪򣬲֪ĽǳЦ죬轭Ժʹ֮ڰϢ˵ص㡣˰ȥĽұԺסַýԺʹ˵һԻȥģȥ˵ûǸ˼Ҳⷽˡ
á
룺ⶼȥةĽһ˿оҲûС
Ľʮűĸˣ׷ࡣ
˲˵˵ǣ򵥵Ӷ˵ޱ
ϣʱܹһ㣬ദʱپһ㡣
ȥˢĽڳſԱСӺ߸
ϴ˺ڴϣ˴˶˯š
Ľ˾ڳϵ޵Щһһ˵Ľӱϳڣ̫ӵˣıִҶҾвٹԱһ̶ȸĹ۵ġǰһĺӿӦû˻ôΪˣЩСԱͦġǰ˸ˣҾûôЦ
Դ֪޸ڤݺͱˣ˵ûôЦĸĶټĽΪᣬĽҷɽ䱸ģҵİԺǵİеĹߣװҸ׵ıȨջȥˡ˼ܶǰһһźˡ㿴ܸôŮ˷곡Ϸ֪ˣΪ˴ﵽĿģԼá
Щ棬˽ǰʲôӵģ
ûìܵʱ򣬸ǰ仯æʱס̩ҹȥԷæʱǻ͹žޡǻ᳣˵һЩĻͶҡ
֣֪Ƿӵߣֲ֪ìܼˡ
ʳ˿ڣҲ˯𣿡
Ľ΢΢ȥ۾΢֪̾˵ʵ᲻ġ
ġ
ǣǸ˯ġ
̩ͷء°ڻ᳣ȥ
֪ʣ
֪һʡ
ӳɻǰ˯ģϰˡĽס֣Ϊ뱻޲һŰߵԶԶأÿϨƶ㡣
Ц⣬ͻҡ
Ľ§۾Ļ
ĵ˯źһʱްѶ˳ѣĽιӣʪĲƬˡ
ٵʱͻȻˣڣ˿
Ľʱ־һ˲𴲡
緹ſڣӰԶģǶݵġ
*
Ľϻ˹֪Լ˯˷͹
̫ˣԼڣס̩ʲô
صҺĽϷֱ߲Ĵˡ
ˣϻС£Ҳˡ
޲ȥұŮˣȻһϡ
²ë
ĽˣԼ·
һڹ£緹벹Ҳûɡ
Сӹȥ̩
ӦСȥ̩С˵ڹ֮
Ľһ֪ô£촿ģҲ֪ܲ¶Ҫ͹ȥ̩ǿԳûٷȥˢڸУ
ȥ̩Ů˶ڵϹţΨһڰǰɵĴŹ¡
Ľŷеıվ
檼¡Ľһ񣬡֪Ƕ·˱£
Ƴһ۵ϵĶˣԼԻʺ˵
ʺ㡣̧ͷ˵ڼɽй˴Ӧ񣬻Բѷ˵檳䣬˭֪Ӧ¿۸
˽ѣ˵ŮλҲ˱³ҡ˭֪ĸҲһŮǿ檣Ǿñºû۹⡣
һһﳳĽۡ
ȵ˵ģĽԵʱ֮⣬ǸԵŮˣ԰ɣ
ͬأǡ
һᣬµֻҪϴᷢ䣬ȱط
⻰ûһ㾯ʾã˶ϡ
Ľ֪ǶԸԵ˶žԲᱳԼ
£һʱֲ檽˴ط͹ϸ飬ɺã
ã⡣
Ľϼⷬ˵Ҳֻ⴦¶˵򵥵Ĳټˣٻˡ
ϸϸ˵ô֮һȲȴ
ʱû־ͻˡ
£ӦСŮˣǴӦС¡
ܣ촿ϣǲܵģ
йʱڳˣ˾ڵ⣬ʱ١
ĽѯʣӦ¹·æǴٵһʱ𣿡
촿ײĲᣬ£ʺ졣
Ľʾȥ˽ֺķһӵʱ䣬촿ɲԼŮĻʵѾˡ
սûþ²˵ô˵Сű¡ĽϰˣѴӦȥʮٺꡣˣ˵˶ٴˣֱӸ֪ͿɣعȫȻˣ壬ϣǽѵٷ
ǣ檽ǡ
ɵ촿ȥŻعģЦǣĵޣ֪ǲ֪Ľϲˡ̷ܿûķϾһء
˶ȥĽ¹ס
ǳûڹС·ŵˡ
¡޵е棬ȥʲô
޷Żһ٣ʲô֪Գ檳Ϊʺٴˣ˲һ˸ɵģ࣬檶ǲһʦ̵ˡ
Ц𣿡
檲űˣͻȥˡ
ʺ°ɣֻҪ뿴㿴飬ʲôʲô
˯Ҳ𣿳Щ
ףɡ
Ľȥţһ˯ĩ
ʱ޻æȻ˷͹˵ԼȻȥ
˾һӡ
ĸ󣬶ȥ㡣
̫ӣĸ˵ˣ㰢㲡˲ˡ
˾˵Ϊ岻ãȥⶼüˣöȥɡ
֮ǰҪĽûȥĸתĹ㰢Ĳ࣬Իġ
ĸתܸȥһǲǵĲײӹǺأްġ
Ľ˵ʼ˵
˾ǲǳʲôˣŲöȥ
˵ʲô˾ˣĸ˵ѽ
Ľǰ˾ȥȱߡ
ʵ㰢
˾ɫϾصһôˣ
ȥʮһ¶ʮĳɻˡ
˾һ£ʯͷ£˭


83

Ľ, ܲܲ³
䣿ȴǿ϶, ˾, ðΣվȶֽðڶ, ԸΪЧЩ˴𰸡
ĽЦŵͷ
ϲ¡˾ԴЩĸӦŶ
֪ģһֱ㣿㰢˼ǵԺ˻λȰ״˹ְ˵Ϊѡ
˾Ϊ֮ݣ֪ɻĴʲô, ˡ߾ȫѵ·Ѳɶ֮ˣǧǸλã游ѧ, ŮӳɻĹԱ֮, ϵΪ, Եá
ĽϾȵ˵, ʣ̫ӣô룿
Ȼԡ
ĽΪο, ߵ£º󲻵ģضã̫Ķԡ
ĸ, ڲûסڹԲԣԲŲȥġ
ڹסȥУˡ
˾¶ϲɫģ
ĸƭȥȥɣֻǻʹŹر֮ǰصû
ǡ
̫ûгˣҲѾܾûм浣ϴμԼ졣
ˡ
Ȼѵ˳ĻᣬҲϡ
ʱˣȥס
ộԸţҲõ档
ϣּó浵ֿС£ȴˣʱʱ;ΪԺ̵ѽ
˾û˵˰·Ӳ
˹˱⡣
㣬ĸ󶼸ˡ
洫ѯʲôˣ
ɻ֮¡
˵Ӹ˭𣿡
˾䡣
䣬žͿˣǰȰס

δ˵Ҳδоͱ˾ִ̧ϣǰˣ񡣡
ȰװŸϣ̫ӵ
˾һԱ¡
ĸôˣ
ҷҪ㣬ʵ飬˵Եɡ˾ĿʵĶϣָһ£㲻ңҲΪѵ뷨ϣҸҲϣĴǳ͢ĳ
ֱָϣ밢ܸˣδֳˡѵóһˣ֮⣬ɻбĵضҪȥ
ޣֻͻعˡ
֪ҪֹҪڳϵ£ľƣüŻأ߿ɺã
Ҳд⣬㰢˵˵˾ԺǸʰŵôŽģ
ΪЩȫġ
ڽլӣͨܵ˱Ƚϰȫ
˾һ˿Ц⣬ٺòˣȫַչ㡣
ĹϵǶȻܽб֪ģҲ˵֪δ;Ǿʹ˽ԺΪô˵ڳܾһֻкôûл
Ҷ֪ǵȺӳˣкδأ
ĸ˵ǺңţֻҪЩСӵ˻߻ܵĽ׶ΣȦڼơҪǳͺ˵ˣԹıԺšʱ֪кӣǲ֪˭ƻΪǵһء
˾ɣǸӣ֪͵͵ɻ˺ӣᰲĽܣ
Ȱ׿ڻش⣬ʱľѳۣҸҲû취ġĸݣֻҪ֪Ҳʲʲôġ
㣬ԺҲãʡĸָ顣񰢽㲻㣬Ͷˣʱֲñ֪˻˺ӣѵ˳ɻͣʲܲΪĻ㡣
ĻȰײ˵Ȼδ飬Ҫָ飬̵ԼѻݡڹȻ糼£ģ۱˭а취
⻰ҾͰˡ˾̹˵ĸҲ°˭ɵĻ飬ҵһ뵽㡣ǡܡıԡе壬Ψҽ򣬲ķڷ
лʶȰɫ䣬ȻҲĲ㣬߾ܱΪЧܻñ˶á
˾΢Цס
ڹʱ䲻̣ԺȰףҰǰ㣬ǲǺ
ôôһ㡣
һ㣿ôͲţվӳЦĶá
þӡս۾ܿˣ𶯣Һúÿ
ƿš
Ա£۾á
Ҳ˭ˣҺͰܵ۾ĸˡ
쳴Ӿүү˴˿Ź˵м£ػȥһˡ˵ˣҪǲأƱҪԹ
Ǿͻȥʲô¡
궣ʱǰػ
ţ֪
ܵ߱˵ŵ˵ҵȥ˲١
Ȱü׼ûʲô¡
ص򸮣ŲδſڣԶڳΪһƬ
˵ſڣ˿
Ȱ׺ɨһۣҵ˰˸˴ϣ඼ˣÿ˶һߡ
ٿԼĸףһʢŭ⣬Щӡ
Ȱ׵Ŀ䵽ϣֻŸͷš
ʲôҵô
ͷ̧Ҳ˵ֻǿޡ
ĸӴιҩºûˣ
ű⣬ֲǹģϴҩƿΪȵҩۣ˭ֹ֪ģ֢ҿӳٳٲһĸȲֹȥలѾˡ
Ȱһںϲ²ȥʲô
ȥǶʲôʱˣӸȵʱΪʲôң
ҪǸ㳳ܣܵȵʱ𣿣
ల۾ЦܣԴҲ̫ҽԺְ첻ҳܣûǳܵԭ㲻ңѵ֪ȥҽݣǸзȥ˲ʹŮȥ
ϰ޵һͱˣ
˵Ҳѹֻ鵽زڰɱ˺ҲزˣǾ͸ʹ컰ôŰɣ
Ҫ󣬡һ׼Ƕ˺롣ڶȻģҲҵĺӣΪû⳥ӣȻҾԹʧ٣͵ηɡǼڳŸƷϵĹְӦҪ󣬺ӵ¾ôϢˣǲȻ˵ˣʱƴôҡȻҲȨƣǼԪôҲ£ǲҪ̫ˣ
ŭĿгݣïү
ï뾡ƽ£ԸҲ֪ҿԼء
Ȱףô˵
Ȱ˵±ѵҵļѵ
ïƳһۣǼڼϾһ˵ˣ
ϸͣǣҵļôһЩ˸ʲô
±ҭƿԣֻһ
Ȱɫҹɤ˵㣬ҵĽǣͬ⡣⳥£ȻⴿҶһ˹ʧºز۵Ϊһǻ⳥ֻǲҲ˵ô࣬ǧûСڳŹ̸ְܴӦ
ǧϽ򷢽лأ
ƷԱٺ»ӲһǧټﲻòҲٺ»˵ǧǴ򷢽лӣлӿ渻СȰ˿ԲҪֱȥٱǣҶηһǮҲͲóˡֻǣԪȻ¸ǰ£ݵǸˣŶˣҪ̫ŮˣΣҪҸҪأҷȰǴ»С»ˣԪȣִ˶˭ûкôΪҪЮʲô
һϯ˸ŭԡ
ֲô˵ءºһپƷˢӡ
ïأ˵أôûйپƷĺأȮ˵ľҵ˼ǴӦ͸Ͻ£ǲӦھȥȥη
ջǽ˺ǧƱ⳥ںӣǻ˵òز۵ģ
ȥΣһǮò˵Ĳһá
ǾҸһةࡢһǺԺޡһǴιɣԪʱٰΨһ֧ǣˣá
˺ڰ
ˣŮѺȥִмҷ
ïĻʧɫףŮҲʹģزұ˭ѹ
Ϊתȥϣ⣬㻹ģӲԼĺӣһӳȥôһǮôôúõӶûˣ
鿴ȰףûĸףˣȥϢˡ
ïһ֣ذɡ
ȿż˼ȥִмҷ޺ֱȰ׳˸Ųų
*
ʮʮ죬ϸµ
Ľ̾סŵƣпڴͷ飬üչ˵Ƕסˣ϶ˡ


84

Ľ̵Ŀʼδ, ǳ, ʱ, šʮʮһϽ, ĸ˵ס죬Ǿߣⲻʱ𣿡
ʵµ˽Բô𣿡
šĽ̸ûκϣֻԼĸĻסߡ
ˣЩЪϢɡ
ȥ˯ɣ˯, 
ȥ˯ΪҪḶֻ̌۾ҹ
Ľȥ˯, ԼֲԸȥ
ϵ鿴, Ľ̲źϷŵһߡ
סԺ, û˯һ, ҲϴֻĪ˯š
լ˿صһϷ򸾣ˡ
ʱ, Ѿ˯ˣֻһŶѡ
Ľ̸ҪȥϨƣڴ, ةĽ
ɤܵͣѹȥһЩ
ĽæϵϳߣѾ˯ŵʱᡣ
Ҵ⣬Ƶĵƹӳϡ
Ľ̳ȥˡ
ûΪʲôҲûΪʲôʱûΪʲôߴŷǽⶼŵ¡
ةĵ˵ϵĸоӳһ죬ŶãһȦġ
˵Ծ»ȥù컹˽գȻұ⣬ȷʵΪҲ˵ġĸ㰲ŵĻ£ʺ㣬޵˷Ҳί
Ľ̾˵š
֪һζʲô
һ֪
һﻹʲôҵĻ£
Ժסǰĸ׸ةˣǶ⡣
ôĹλϵģǿ֮ʡ
ôܻΪ¸мӵĹϵ
˵˵һˣô
ĸȴ˵Ȼ֪᲻ˣǧҧĴˡ
Ľ뵽ٱǰĸױĻˡ
һľǰðΪȥĬϱǽɡ
ĸԤܴܻ
ˡ
һΪҡᣬϾ˰뽪˵һˣҷ˼ˣʵǰģҲѹִ˻ǰ˵ҡ
ָǸΪ˵㱾һģ㲻Ҫ̫ȥةԼˣҪ˵Щ㲡š
˵ʱסĵط֪ݣ϶
Լָôأ
һߣ´λô棿
ĽжֹĻ˹ȥ
ةۼֿһסһᱧ
̫ˡ
ŹϣҵĴϷ£Ǻñӡ
ĽȻûۣȴҲ֪ûߡ
ôҵʱ䣬ʵڼֲȥˣŻۡ
תͷ⿴ȥֻǰ첲ֳͷ۾
Ľְϵ£Ȼб磬ֻȵġ
˴Ϊϡ
ةһӾˣ۵һµ
㡭ȥţˡ
Ľ̼ҪĴϣȻ˼˳һΪãòǸ鱾ĸԸģڡ˼˵뽪ﱾʲͬ˵ڴһˣֻΪù㲻Ӧ𣿡
ة壬֪Ͻ
ǲҲΪзˣΪ˾˵ңҲ֪㲢еעֻǾò׶˵񣬲ҾԼˡ
ĬϽɣ˵Ϊס˶Ե¡
ļһֱڣļ˶
ܣԸ⡣
ģǻġ
֪Ľǲġ
ϴΣʵ˵˺󣬼˶ûҪ˼
ûô˽ҡ
ǣ˵ķӦѾ˵ʵ
ةЩΣˣ˵㣬ɱŮҲ
Ľ̽ĲѾмˣ
ةԾӣҪԶ㣬Ľ㻹ţϢɣұˡ
ͺˣֻǽճԵĸûʳ˶ѡ
˻ûشҵĻ
öŮ˶
Ŷ𣿡Ľ̸ţǴ˲Ĳôᡭ
ةòټˣҲ֪ᷢʲô
Ḻ̌ʹק֡
ˡ
ةձȥӶסֻʣҺܿң㻹𣿡
ҾͲ
ڲ֪
Ľ̵һȴң첻Ҿ͵Ⱥ죬첻Ҿ͵ȴ죬סҾ͵ȶá
ةû˵ˡ
Ḯ·ϣЩûԼǰ
кõĶ࣬ƺ־û
⵹Ҳõʲô˿ĽûôɵȥޣϾ˵һǧ˰١
*
ʱϽ˹ةȥ¸֪Ľϡ
ӿ˵˳ʾ֮ô
ĽϲЦԴãȥˡ
أ̲һ˼ûء
˾Ͳ޻ˣ֪һ㡣Ľͬ˵ȻϹˣпŰ죬ֻҪΪסˣôɣ
ϵͷǣ
ڱԺסŰɡ
ߺĻ̌ͷԱվ֣ء
ūҲš
黹ǾŮ٣ǸŮڶ࣬Ǹӣ¶Ͳˣɲˡ
ҲôΪ˵£⼸ūôЩֵֹģ
е֣Ϊ⡣ĽϾĪʱڣҿˣ֪ʲôÿġ
ڼ˵Ǿ仰ūŸء
ԵĺúõģͻȻĽ˵ǻŻǳˣʺ󶼻һ𡣡
˼ȷǼݱˣҪѳᡣ
ĽɫӵǻΪѳҲɡ̫ӵǻǳƱضǵˣ˭ѳ᣿˵ǻн֡
ء
̫ͨʺ
Ľ֪²ݲԼйڹ֮ȻҪܵġ

䣬һɫȹװϵľױҲڲסһ㲡
Ӳʣƹôˣ
ŵ檹ּĸҿĸס
Ͳˣ˱͵Ĳʲô˵塣ĽЦ⣬˵һȥ̩ûϱ²ġ
ʹδ¶֣ȥֻ£֪¹·æȻôš
ҲδĸˣȻĸԵȥ׼ȥδʱǰͿɡ
ʱ䣬ĸҶա
С
ÿٶɼˣûнĴѵһζն𣿡
ĽЦеظС
˵֮ǰ˻ĸҶǰعͿɵģ檱λָѵʱ仹ôԴǶ˼⣬ƽڹöûعҲˣǲҲڹأʺڹƫ̻Լˣʧθڹʣ
֮²˶Ѿ֪ˣԭǼ֪ģл֪ˣл֪ˣҲʹ˲˶С
Ȼ֪ƫ̻֣ñȼˡĽЦⲻԽŻĸһΣ㲻صĶࣿʲôλֻߣûˣôȥȣȥǱ׼ģȥ˵˵ˣסĸۡڹиۡ
ţʱѵڹ˽𣿡
Աڹ֮¼⣬Ҫȥ·˱ʺٲȥ»Эڹ֮ȨĽգգۣô㣬ضܾġ
⻰ģǰ檱³ҵʱûأڹôŮˣĸõ˱µİĸ˱˵Ψгһ˶ѡǻʺ󣬿Ʒޣڹֳ⣬Ȼ𣿡
ΪĽϻʹȻ治ɫǰЦݡ
Ͳɣ˭ϲأҲû취ģֻܽһʵڹ֮˭бűµʱأôദʱһ鶼ûбɣ˵ˣҲꣿûúˡ
ĻһӾͱȼϸߣ˵ûĽϴߵʱ䳤ɼһ鶼ûһ˶ࡣ
ʹ·ˣĽϺܾû̷ˣ޾Ȼס͹ɷҲ
ĸʱ䲻檾Ͳôˣиˡ
ĽϺЦĿ뿪
̿ãɫˡ
˶ŽҼܵĶǰû쳣˳ˡ
ǣ
Թ緹ʱõвϢĽֻǲ²ܴΪ˿ĸףû뵽ˡ
ʱٶȵõ˽ҵϢ
ֻǶԷΪСģһ·׷˸ˡ
Ľĥ²˭أܱˡ
յĿţȥһ棬˵µβˣֻǲµµȴҲȫ϶ʶ˦β߲Żġ
Ҫû˶ű֣ǲǾͲ˵һˣ
΢΢һЦôأֻ¼û˶ţҲó˵ġ


85

Ľʣ˽¼, ˵ʲôˣ
Ҫġ
ϣסࡢسϳ
㸸˵ģ
׾˵ᾡ, ڳɲɿµ˼˵׵ʵ˼, ˵ľҲǲʹἸ䡣
Ľ֪ľ
ֻ㸸˵Щû˵ˣ
ﻹ˵ָ׽ͽη
Ľߣ˭
΢Цͷ, ˵ĳļˣ϶֪ڳ׷µĹԱʵϻûЧĻǱ£ʮֵӰ۵¡
ñ֮ϲȫΪ¹ϵǰȻ±뷨ϾλءĲ֪µ뷨Ҳ, Űɡ
ݹ۴֣޸Ͳ׸ѡ
˺ĽϿϾ
Ϊʵ, ɵµıŵʱȡĽɽ
Ϊ·, ȴҲδȻ
û, δ, ׷ĹԱ乧ӣҲΪ⣬
ڵߵֽϻ, Լֽġ
ڴǴϴɵԼ׹ⶼˣ̫Ƶıѹ, ԼĺúʱԷŴȨ
ᡣ
Щģǰô࣬ץ޵ľˡ
ֻǴȥ굽ڣһйص¶ޱû顣
лһ¶ִŶնδټ̷
Ӱ촿Ѿסˡ
Ľ룬ԼϳҲڳ֣Ǹ޿ǸԱ
ĸûȨҲкôģ벻ᱻ·Ҳᱻж
ֻҪûı֮ģҪжҲ뵱үӴսɳʱΪ¹ĺָ̾͡ҪΣź𣿡
ôΣأ¶ҪȨƵˣҲǲ˽µˡĽϲ£ĻǵҪԣҲ׼ԼĻϳģֻܴЩʱ⼸ԣ²ûܴӦ
Ĳû죬ټǺͬϳ֮¡
ʮ糯ԣĻԪһͬ
һ㶼ûΪӣԴӵ̬֮
ܴȥ֪ԼӣĽϻǾѹ
ֽʱڴڷ·
ĽΪĴ멣ģǵ˿͵͵ģƼ
ȥ̩һš
֪ˡ
߿ͬ·ݸȻ˴
ְЩŽ֮һױݣһͬǰȥ
Ƽһ۾Ϳ˳ġ
ʺΪλϳˣ
ʲϳжᣬڹˣκγ֮£Ҳ졣
޶ʣ²ģ
ĽϼЦݣֻ뵽ǰ˵Ļˡ
˵ʲôˣ
ȥ͹ּҪĸңû׼գֻδʱǰ˵˻ĸҶ֮ǰعͿɵģ˵סڹ˵檺ƫĲڹʡĽϻԽ󣬽ҲǵһλȥһЩʱ䣬ôǱ׼ģιָƫ̻ɣ檵̬ȶһͬʡ
֪Ϊβˣ˵ʵϾ˵
ɫЩѿĽ˲٣ּ˵ˣڹôŮĸõ˱µİĸ˱˵Ψһ˶ѡ檻˵ʲôֻҰο˵˭ûгµʱ䳤Ȼտ檶ǰд־䣬Ժദֻ֣ö˼ġ
޵ǱǣסƵģ¶һЩɫǿǰ˵ģʺ÷ϡ
ĽϺǹ⻹ģ˵Ķʵ˵ʵȥѾˣҲ֪ĸڱжҪ˵Щˡ
޲ˣ̫ˣЩ
ѯʶˣ
֮ǰǿһЩкܴôġ
ǾͺáԵʶͶʮˣ²һֱ飬ʺѡ
Ȼѯˣ
Ǳ⣿
º߾Ӷࡣ
Ľ˸ۣὫͲ
˵գ޲ͬУʺϡ
Ľ֪ӦģԲô˵Ϊʲôʺϡ
ĶأҲͦáĽϹ޵Ũüһ˲ŵģĶҲǲģҲʡ
޷¿ӣʲôһ˲ţҲͳܿʺȥϴϴˡ
ϴʲôۣ࿴۾ͺˡĽñ۾ڳӢӡ
⻰Ժϲüңʺô룿
Ȼôģ˵²ܸʱˣڳ㻹ӢǸ
Ц˵ĸˣº͵˵ҵĶҲС
Ҫ˵ɣֻ壬˼Ļ£ĽϿɲɣ
˳Ӧɰɡ
Ľ˺һڰǰĻһһ˲ţ
ῴһ㲻Ķһ˲ˣ
٣
æ£кηԸ
֣ǰ
ǰȥ¡
˵飬˭󣿡
ٱˣԼλΪʲôôʱ˵ʵʵ˵޾ʮ
һͨڵϣ̻أū񲿵Ĺ顣
ڶأ
顣
ʣأ
顣
޽һĹӵԴϣʲô񣿡
һί£ôǵòˣ
޵۹һ²һ°ˡȥƹ˯ôûоԵʣԸﲻţ಻κȥ徻ȵ׳ϦҹӺ˾׼μӼ磬ٽơ
զֽ࣬㣿
ǰ˻ԽƹǼȲ׼˽Ҳ׼
£ɢĲ念ء
ƹҲû˵ʲôת˵á޷Ļ֣ڹȥ޵Ŀȥ
ǣūȥ
ٸϽȥƹ޵Ļ
ĪûʲôΪʲôҪ㱾
ڨڨһЦҲû˵дֻϣΪأúþ
ڱҲʲô֪˭űõš
ڼ䣬ūǶţҲֻʺˣūŲҪʲôʲôû
Ƣʣֱ⣬û˵Ļ
ȻҲҰǸɵ˵һԺ󴫵޶±ʹ
ǵġ
ֲ̿ȥ߱£й˵ʲôʵһ͵ĻᣬҪ˵
Ӧ£ūŻȥ˵
ߴȥأȴ˺ôһżٵӰ
ô˵
̾˿˵ʺʲôҲû˵ʲôūתҪǣ˳Ϧҹɳȥˣÿ϶ȥˡūƣҲĵء
һûȥʮ³㵽µףֿʼ㣬ܹˣ
⻰𣿡
⻰ʵģٻأµĻūܲء
ᣬڵ棬ʲô˼
ˡūŶԣ򲻿ԾʳԾŻˣūŸˡ
ľȻȥڴߣӣűŷ
ԽԽ쳹䡣
Ľƾţú
*
棬ةɢֵ·Ƚ裬ȴӶһſڳʣ̫ҽԺղæ𣿡
뵽ĽϵĻһͷϵҩæǲæֻǻܻؼҳԷأҪȥĽұԺһˣ˵һ
㸸˵ˣʺ˱ȥֶŮƲ
뿪ûȥˡ
δ͸¶ʲôϢةԼҲûʹ
ĽﲡļףʺҲȥġܳһۣȥƵʱ򻹿Ѫ֪ûкתһЩء
Ѫة㵣ôأ
ˡ
ĻةŵģҲûлɣ˵𣿡
֮ǰûôգҲ˵ˡ
üͷ΢ɫã۵¶һ˿Ц⡣
֪ҩֻǵõģûϵ
˻ʹ˷ֿ˸ڣڼң˹ܼһ䣬ױأ
ǰҲ֪ʲô£ֻҴ˱ȥˣ˼һ˵н¡
ĸȥˣ
ߡ
趸ȻЩȥҵǣȥ
ܼҵϽȥǣȥ·룬ԸԼˣ򡭡

86

ӱ޸ϵ˱Ժ, δпϵ, ѯʺҲ֪û
Ҳ, ÿ뽭ܶעûβ͸
Լˡ
, סΪɲظסһֱһֱסŵģ
ҲϲĲķ
Լظԣ岻һ
뷶ദô꣬ӻ˽ġ
ǳȴҲǰҶΪ
һûгĵ
Ƣ±ϳ
˽֪㱻֣Ҳ˺, ԽӻظΪ
Ĳڣ֮Ů̬ȶӡ
֮ǰ޷ӻظҪǺӳʱ⣬ô, , Ҳ޷ʲôˡ
Ľ뺢Ӽһ, ʲô, ɴӳȥ
ܿ˾Ҫظ
õϺʰⶣ˭֮ǰסںδ, ׼֪ͱҸǰˣҲò֮ˡ
õ𸴺, õȸιã֮Żؽ
ڷϴȥʲôˣʱһҲ档
ȼ֪ˡ
ʱܸջ
״˾٣һôڡ
˵˳ȥˣһΪ֪¶ˣֲǡϸ˺ҪӻģڽӻҲá
ܼĺ˯ˣʣǸ׸ʲôأϾ
ϾĸײǽŮˣļҡ
ǲԵŮ׵ģӻظ֮Ůףӻظֻ֮Ů
Ůݡ
֪ĽϸûкϻţλΪʺô׵أ
ݺϻһӶˡ
ûйûУĸޣôܳΪŮ
֪ˡôõϵס
ȻҪҽģչꡣȥܼ˵ס᷿ڳסȥԺĸһԺס
ǡ
ȻȴҲĽլӣ𱱽լ֪˶١
ԺǽϵңǷϾסģߵĶ鷿᷿ӵȥԺĹ
ԺǼгסĽԺĺַǽµס
ڼסһԺĵڡ
ܽסһԺӣǵӣסڶ᷿ӣֻס᷿
ϻδѾùﱧȥԼϢԼȥ˸ĸס
ڽϷˤദۣȻµ·ˣӹȴҲôá
ʣûȥ𣿡
ûȥ͸˵
ôôࣿʣǷʲôˣ
һŮոհӻظˡ
Լķһۣܾȡ
˲֪֪ԼĶ
ҵˣ
ĺӣӻҲӦõġʱң
ûǡͣҪԵŮס
˵Ҫ롣
˸ףҪȢŮ𣿡
费ۣûлشĸ׵Ļڵû˺һģ֪ͿɣҪʡֻϣ϶˺ϻȢңǼȫ˶Ը
˼ǣֻǺӽĸϣ
š
𾪲ѣĳӲԸȢȢãϾԸȢʲôŮݣ
ΪĸѲûˣȻӶԸô᲻Ը޽
ҿԼ飬ֲöʣ˵ס
Ͱ˼ɣֻ˵ȢȫȻĸ𡭡̽˵Ҫ˵ĸѲû𣿡
Ҫ˵룬˵ֺ˰ɡ
ô˻úûء
ΪʲôԸ޽
ȻףҲ֪ƢȲöʿ϶ʲôҲʲģҲֻܵԺ˵֪ˡ
УѺӱǿ
Ц⣬ﱧÿˡ
ϿȥһԵĽ˵ϲǸŮء
Ϊ˸ӵŮ֣ˣֻϲ𣿡
Ц˵ͻȻһСŮԺӲôˡ

ϱڹܼҵȥǶ踸һ
ţϻˣһͬĻн
ǾǵѲ߹ٱӳΪִںٻؼס
ɥۿ죬迴ϣȥĶˣ
δүܹТӰɣˡ
ҰˣҸˣ
ȻǷģݣСҲֻ
֪ƽʱǼΪµģ£ʲôˣ
˫ַʵףһˣһ븸˵ﲻ֪ô֪ˣȥ˸ҷֿǹﲻϣ˰̯Ӹˡ
ʲôﲻңҸǵŮӣ𣿣ǰ̯ˣҲһӸû̯ӡ
ɫȴ죬ǵŮĵŮӣ˼ģ͵ƾʲôƾͶʳŮӣǽĸףôأֵõüë
үҪ̧˽ΪҲͲ˵ʲôˣҪȢ˼ΪޣȻӣҸѵ𣿡
Ȼ̯ˡԺסĸԺʰ͹ȥˣ˺ĴСҲٹˡ
׻ͨһ£үҲΪΪү롣
ԺҪΪΪ롣ĿջأѯʴӣϲǹϲҪȢĵز
ǣס
˴ҿԶٷȻСúƷȥǹҿ
Ϊ˵ǽ£˵һûˣȥ
վͱĻסŲ˭˵ˣСã游ĸԺڣȥưɡ
δ˵ͼϹŵȱߣŲүȻŮˣͲµˣֻδ֤ʵûӶˣҪȥʲôŮ˰үԵļҶס
ʲôŮ˸ʲôϵֻӽˣûһҲϡҪӽװ㣬ھͿߣû˻㡣ߣһϲԼݵ£ݲ㡣ʱ˵լӣӣĸҲͼ
ֻ޲˵
ûҵĻ
Ҳأˡ
СֵǸӲ׼һ£Ҳ׼㺰֡⣬Ҳ½Ӵת
СĴ𣺡ǡ
ĸͬʱţ־ίһЩš
µ˽Ůˣȴûµ˺ӡ
ֲҲǰźˡ
Ů˹ܵĽԼԸ⣿ö֪ĸԭ򣬷϶֪Լ˽䡣
˻δǰϾĿ
涣˽ڱϲ£ʲôޣûɨˡ
ĸסϰѽԼܼҵ¶һһ֪
˵ûˣӹҲã¶ŲǵĻҲҲãùܼҴţԺĸСϱžˡ
϶߽Ļ۾ȴŽеĺӿ
ĸףү˵⺢ĸǺˣ
Ѿˣ㻹֪ʲô
ۣʲô룿ѵүŮ˽ϻ
һ˵ˣҲǵŮ
ﱯϲӣϲǺĸ˵Ժ󽭺Ҫźˡû˹ܼ֮Ȩڼﻹʲôԣ
һѶĽ¼ɲסŲᣬ游ĸ⺢ӵǸ׵ģ
ǻмƳø㸸׶񰡡
߽Ҫֱת˹ȥ˵ӴСá
¶ţ׶ˣжŮΪʲôҪӣֻԼ㲻ǵĸܣ
һ£⺢ӣ游ĸǰСиʲô
䣬뽭ܱҲˣһʱھۼ˲ˡ
ף°Ѹղ˵Ļһ顣
赭ɨһۣжŮͲҪˣ㶨ɷҵֵ˵㣿
ʹ飬׼ϲӣˣСʱôҪʮ˸ģҶʮˣҪСģЩָ֪ҪЦˣ
˸ʫɵ۵ʱǾûЦ㣿һϹѧʱǹαʦ㱻ʱ򣬲öӽʲôΪ˶Ĺ͸ô˵ŭҪõŮ̫ίҾͿ԰ƳȥԶҡ
վǶ类סһ㣬ûжһãһŹңͲԼΨһŮ
ңԼˣǹˡ
һ½£ŸʲôϽ¹ϴ
´Ĺ£ףҴˡ
费ۿͷɫѻָƽϣһο񡣡
ǣŮҲˡ
ûٿǰѺӴӽӹ
һЦϻӶСȥץ½ܾ
ϸ˭˯
ĸ׵Ļҡ
˯ɣﻹҪæ񣬻Ϣõġ
Ц޷ģܹԵģֻҪǲˣǲֵġ
ǻͦãеĺƢ֣ҹ
ĸ׵ˡ貢ܻĽϣǶ֪˵˭ƢԹ˳
ϼСŮüڲסϲɫ϶һЩЦݡ
*
ʱ¹࣬ǿ財
ĽұԺǽѰʱةڷջǷǽԺ
ƵĴǰϴһẰһĽ
ſһû˿ֱӽ
ֿѪӿ϶ͷЩС磬Լݡ
ŮѾ˯ˣةңϴ˿ҩζŨء


87

ة䵽ϵӰ, ɢųڴͷ, δʩ, ؾ㲡
첲ڱϣһ顣
, ᣬ
ةǰڴ£۾ߵһ۵ƳһĨѪɫ
һšô͡
ôô
ôˣô˯
Ľ̵ֱϣڵ㣬ÿ춼˯
ةͷһ, Сְףĵ¶
¶һϸδ, ȴҲԿ
Լ, Ľ̺һ, ˡ
̧, ţ
Ľ̽ŵ࣬Ӻȥϣ˫˳ƻס, 㡣
ةͷһݣûĻκλӦ
һ
Ḻ̌۾ò˵ͻС, úðá
ȥȻ˲˵֪Ҳˡ
ֻ㲡ˣġԾ»ȥŲõģܾøƲĹϵ
йϵĲǲǱĺ𣿡

۾Щ
ͷҿ
Ľ̽ɿ§ةŽߵͷġ
һݼ̲סЦ
ة˫ʱԺ۾뵽գҲ˶þˡ
ͷġ
ˣҰɡ˵㣬Һܿġ
û˵Ľ֪⻰ȥˡ
ة뿪صڣҲû˯ţ´ʱѰҹ
Ҳ˯ʱ䲻ͷЩ
ȥź̸ЦŽ£ϸһة˶ˡ
ȵɢֵԹѣҾǴӱ֪һСŮ
Ҳʱӻظġ
˵ʮֵʲôо
Ҳһز֪ˣ
ةϸ˵˵һҵĺġ
ĵĲңŮˡУŮ˻еĸܵˡ
檣һ˻һ
ʮǰҾһģһĻô㻹ûִУ
ةʹļףΪҲִⲻûкʵܲǸŮҾҪɡ
üԱ𣿶ȥ𣿡
ôæʱ䡣
üɢֵûʱ䣿
ɢֵҲбæ
΢Цδæŷǽ֪
ŽҪȥԷةѯһ¶Է֪ǽͷģʽ裺Ӧˣ
û˵ʲô
ةĵĸ룺֮ڱ뺷ɲܴӦհ
Сȥһ̸̸˵ǹﲻĸ׸ļˣĸΪԭǸӻģǮſʼģǸǿТ˳ĹãƷҪġ
ô˵ǹĻ治ء
ǰ˵СŮôӶˣûؼ𣿡
ة֣ǸСˣ˽ӻظҲҪܡӴԼˣùܾͲܣԼĶٲ꣬ء
صʱѴԼϲĹεˡ
һվ
ǰĹС磬䲻ȴҲͿһЦϲ
к֮ϷŵǮǣ
أﶪεģ뻹ңûҪվ˹˵ʲôҲա
ն֮㻹£ǧҪƴˣȻҪⲻȥˡǮȥӹŵ
Ȼô˵ұ£Ӹ·
ﴽˣȻ㴦á
һٷСﻹѽе鷿
ûĻȶ»£ɩӽٰǵĻ£Σ
ȻͷҲ˼
Ǿôš
*
ʮһ³Ȱ׼ڽص¾Ρ
ĵһ±Ǽλ乲ְͬʱûг©
֪ȰײѾİλЩš
˭֪۾һСᱻ
һƽµĹȥǲ΢Щİ
ճʱţȰһɫٷڴſڣüĿԶ׼
ǰ񣬡ˡ
һģ
̻أ¹ڹſˡ
Ȱױת˵ãʡֶȣ汾ٽ
˶һۣɫһ·βȥ
Ȱ״ķֻһڰֵһʾ˿
ϵİô£
Ц˵ˣѾԽˡ
䣬ڴʣʵİôģȰ˿Ц⣬۾ộ̷
¹ԾôŮ񼫣Ӧ˴ã̲顣
԰ңȶɲк޽ճڷз˻ҩȥơݱɷﲻ
ˡ̱粵˵ȶŮһж裬ҲŮȻúݺط¹ٲô˰ʲôԡ
ĸҿйϵ
񻥿һۣȻصֶӡ
Ȱױڰǰ˹˵ڵܣֶӣҲѹҪֻ۱ֻˡ
¹پûκְ𡣡
̵ӳ󣬷ĽţԺɣȴ²سϱ˱֪˾󣬱ȡ˶Ժµ׼˴ϡ
𣿡ƹͷҲ̧ǿԳȥˡ
ʾȥ˳һ·˲ų̸
֪˽ԹұͿҲ˳ۡһôְģ˵û˭ţ
ʱƷةҵʱƷ֮䣬һ˼꽻˽ΪˡĳͲֶأСĵ㡣
ٳ϶Ϊж޲ð֮죬ǵſϷˡ
̵˵ôڹٳжԼˣһ˾ѹٹԱˣ˵ˣոδɢأȥæˡ
ȥɡ
ʱȰæţ쳽˵ӯ˿Ž˵ϻȥ
ĴҹҲ³˳ȥģȰ׶Դˡ
¿Ǻóʱ䶼δˣ֪ؼҪ˵ʲô
Ȱ˿ģ˵ʲôӦžˡ

ʱȥլ
һǶﲻϣȻȰ׵޲
ϰԿ佱Ҳϲܡ
ǰ£
ԵϹһ˿Цʲôʱɻأ
ֲʲôأ
Ȱף˵ϵŮȢˣɸΪ񲯣Σ
ܣΪǵŮӡ
˻һǶЦʱȻ޴棬ļҵĹ
ǳˮʱʶģֻƽŮӡ
֪𣿡
Ȱƽӣ³δ֪ˡ
˵һãȻƽŮʲôﲻ㣬ȢãҾѾܺˡ
ǵ뷨Ȱ׸Ļ³ҪԼ
һʥּΪ˻Ҳɢˡֱ׵ĸʶϣһƽŮӳɻġҪҵĹҵҲУǵŮ㡣
´˴ֻΪ˵ôȰ׵ЩӲҪһܳʱŮˣôѡȢˣ
䣬ȻҴ꣬һǲò㣬Ų̸δ
в𣿡Ȱ׳˳ǣΪڻϲģ
ޱ飬ⲻвҸ档ڴôôСϷͿˣ
̫߿ˣܶ³Ҳ޶۵ĺܡ
ҪϾЧΥңĻŭ𣿡
Ȱ򴽣ңֻϣһ㣬ڻóԼ
䣬ϣ㲻ҪΪ¶ƻ֣õ̫֮λþ̫˵Ժˡгһ˻ʺɾǹˣҫޱȣ˭ĽأǸʱͻ֪ڵĻôɣôɵ
δõĶģ˳ԣҲҪԸԸ伢
Ȱ׿ڵԺǰһ
޵Ļ·ڶ߻صţҪӻҪѡ


88

ҪӻҪ
Ե˼ȷ, ҪӾ͵Ⱥɱĸ, ҪͲúӳ
ʲôѡ
Ȱ׺ļǵԼʱĻش𣺡Աֶθеĺ, Ҫ
ԹЦ֪ΪԺĥһѩǰܡ, ôֻξ;ȫˡ
Ƕβ׵ļ䣬ӡһԺĨȥ
Ȱײ˵Ϊ˼Լ˵Ļú÷˼һЩ뷨ϣܴ㸸ӦµĺϢ
˵ˡ
Ȱ׸Ҫȥ԰ʾⲻá
ʹֹſڿԶ
һԵ쳷߷Ȼ, δҲ̫۸ˣԱ˽Ҳǿи档
ɲҵ˽¡
ү֪ˣ϶
Ȱ׵Ȼ֮, ˵ʲô, ҵɡ
ȥ鷿, ܵصڵҡ
ˣ
һԱ, ȢҵŮ˵ҵŮҲС
֮Ȱװ̸֮˵
걧סĸ첲ͷϣԼԸ, ˭ҲȢˣϾҵġ
²أ
Ϲ˵Ըʵ㲻òҲس֮Ů, ĳɻˣǿвġ¶Ƿǳ벻ʲΪûգغ棬ȥӰ첻ãƶ޲ɡ
Ҳ϶˰ҴƽŮ˭
Ӵ˳վ𣬡ȥֻҪĳ
ΪԤһ밢ȱȥԺˣ쳹
ɡ·źãСΪá
˽źһڴϡ
ôϨƣ
ȰϷ̿յ̫ˣЩȣ˯š
˵ԹԵİ¸ȡӵ࣬϶ҲȰɣ
ͷһԼϽʣ£ȡ
˼ֹƻ󣬡ˣϷ
ʲôϷ
Ƕӣ˭ȶ˭ˡ
һ֪Ϸʲô棬ҿ϶䡣
ûô֪䣿
Ϊѽ
֪ҪʲôҲ
øҡ
Ȱ׳ϣԼ
ֽӹ
ŶԽԽȰΪиʲôʧնδһֹˡ
û˵ʲôֻʱ΢ʾһ£ͻñķӸ
̫ˣģεķΨɡ

ʱȰѾȥˡ
ͷϷһʻ
һЦ֪ԼԺһңڵĻᱻ߿
ţ㡣
Ϊá
ڼңԱҪôĺҪôȰѥ
ʱȥ͹ɫЩãʰ˵ū澻·Ԫˡ
˵ˣ
ţûȾƣ˵ˣȫȻŸճɻ顣
Ц˵ʲôˣ
˵ϲū澡Ϊ鲻˲٣˵ūٺһ磬²־ˣūôܻ
˵ͺˣΪ˾жſڿȥȻ쳡
ҹһ¡
Сӵվֹôʱˣ
̵˹ȥȥǶ鷿
Ҿ֪ǰǰƺԪġԵúܲˣ㶼ûҸ硣
Щ飬ںü𣿡
ҪǿԼ
Ҫߣǰһסĸ첲ߣ
תͷҲŲǿҽӽʱôģعټ͸Ŀˡɻǰûô»ͻȻô㲻ϲ
ɫлͣģ
ȻˡһԾϣҷôǿ
ϲԺô
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ôˣ˵ү򸮳Էһ˵һ
ãҸ
ȥת˺ֻ˵֪Ϊζլ
Ǹӣ˿϶Ҫ˵ˡ
˵ģף˵˵ɣֻҪʲôҷͺá겻뿴ȰˣĸǶһаã
أ˵ﱻ󣬱һҲûȥأ̩Ƿ͹Ҳûټ̷
𣿡Ѱ˼ݵһѲıʲô𣿡
»᲻İϻʺˣ
ڰĻò̫ܣȥ껹붾ĸ󣬽Ͱˣǿһ˶ʮֲ꣬ǲꡣ
ҲϲˣֻԼȻ룬һǰݣϰˣԼֲûˡ
Ŀ𣿡겻֪֪ǣԼӡ
¶֮ǰ֪
֪ȴˣΪʲô
޷ǾڱҸоڡ
Ҳж֮ǰйɣйһ˿ѹ
ճֵĻĺ뱡顣
*
ȰΪ׼ԼҪƢһ˭֪ϡ
˸ȴŭƽһ
شһƽŮӣ
ǡ
ïϸ˵þƣĳĽ˺ܶܶ࣬ĩ˵û˲ΪޣȻ𣬵һƽŮӸίˣΪ룬Ĵ
ףԼԸ⣬ҵŮǽҵŮҶҪУõһԴ̳дҵֻ
㲻Υ㣿
Ӳ뵱һʲôԼĹ
ïһĴȣָ˵㾿ҪʲôϾѧϰΥ£
Ӹѧϰ׻ô
һȴϡ
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ïüͷȰף֪㲻Ǻֵˣ¹ԺĴⲻǶϷҪ˵Ц
ĬȰ׶˵Ҳ˵Ц·ҪڻϱңϴһͬԶ飬Ӳ֪ʲô֪
Э̬ïΪΡ
⺢ڻôôԽأ
׾Ͳܳȫ𣿴СʲôΪѹٳֺΪ˽һ㣿ȰƽעѵҪΪֵĸӾѲźã
ïʲôҸ飬ǸŮҲؼ档
Ժ˵ɡ
ţԷ˰
ӶųȥϣƲֵģȰ˭˵ˣôأ
˭ĸ¡
ĻϽӵô署Ϊʲô˵㣿ԼǰţԺﶼȥҲƵûš
ҾôϣͷҲܣ
ϸïʢ÷ݹȥԺˣ֪ҷŷˡ
ϣȥһûŵ˼ңûñˡ
ïǺǳ䣬˵Ҽǿѧϰǹء
Դ˸ʮ޳ɣʡ˶ɵˡ
ϣƲƲ죬ˡ
Ͳïѯʴϱϣ˵˸㸸˵£ˣ
δ˵С
̲ס˵㸸Ҳĺܣ֪ĶüСˣˮģôͿϣҲԼˣԼǶʮṫأˡ
ڨڨȻһ˶ӹˣǻûⷽĴ㣬ҲЩûˣ֪ʲô뷨
ĸҲǺ˲ǳĸǸҲû˭ˡ
û˵ֻĬĬԷЩųɻǰĸҲΥĸף޵ҲΥš
ĸ׾˵ɡȰ׵˵û˱ȵ
ЦⲻҲû˵ʲôѽ
˵ţܼҿ첽үˣүˡ

89

, ߵһ붼վ
ջôͻȻˣ
֮, ˼𾪲ѡ
ջ˵ҪΪ檡
Ȼδ˵, ҵǶ˳లǰ, ˾
ϾںһҲû򸮵Ĵţ֮ǰûôͻȻһ
ʵϣڸȥԺʹҲõȷд𰸡
˵ûϵֻǼ档
ҲйϵûϵնûϵǲȥΪ檵ġ
Ҫߣ鼱ס, ŮԸ檡
ͷ檡ӽˮˣϻûУȥ˻ʲôλԼҲűҶŶ, Ȼ㸸ٸһټҷ
ִмҷѹȥ˶ʮ, ˸պø߰˰, Ȼһټҷ, ȻҪ˵ŮǵŮѾɻһˣ, ֱүʹ˺ü꣬ѵΪ޲ɣ
ΪޣҾȥˣ˦, ͷʰ㡣
ٻصǰԺʱջ뿪˴Żصãϲѯʣүô˵ģ
ï˵ô˵Ȼǲɵġ
ĸףү˵ˣҶȥŹġϣ̲ס⣬ʮֻɣ̵Ǳιҩǹιҩ
ïϹ˵ʲôԺȥ
ϣ˦һŤˡ
ïùܼҰ麰֮ϴŮ뿪
׵Ŀ⣬ֱڱǳһԹԹ¡
ǵĹϵ˵˸һ˵Ĳ˵Ķ˵ˣҪҽףȥ˷ʳ
Ͽһ˵⻰ïֿ˿ϵŮҲҴ
鵱Ϊջʲô˵ˣһһʮȫ˸
Ůڸలǰȷʵֻ棬ֻϻؼʱ岻లƿҿలٳٲȥ˻үҲ˾ƣͰҸǿС
ż˵º˵ҿϣˣҲϣҲҪţŮΪҸ߱ˣӳ´⣬ôҪڸలˣҲûˣŷǸүйϵˣôԺϮģܹġŸȥţ˵ԸΪ檣Ҿˡ
˵ģïһĻֱͷ£㡭㡭
Ŀ˳үŭӾͲˡ
ףŮ֮䵽زƽһɵģûݺҸӣల̫ҽԺԺʹλһӻ޷;һұӹĺͺģ˾
һֱû˵Ȱ׳ڣͷָʹģ˵ιҩģԭ򡣡
鼤ݺలలûְһ𣿡
˹ְµɣٳĸԱ˵Լ˳˳ˮһӣֻܸܸ࣬γ£
˵Ҳһ˵ˣ˹ְҽ𣿺Կҽݣʲô⣿㵹ãúһұɢˣ㻹ǸƽǿɶҲòĶȥ
ס˵Ͻ˵Ż°˰ɣʡڼҳķ
ï˵бµĿûµϡԺкʵ˵ʵʵںַȦŰɣ׼ǰԺ
˵ָ˵ùܼ֪ͨȥ˭Ժٸ⴫ţһȥ
ǣү
*
ĽϰõĴýҩˣʱȥ̩
ͨ˺ߣ
ĸ󡣡
ƽ
Ľ˼չȻʵĹģϵĸӦı֡
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Ȼ˳ˣҪΪ¡޸һƣůů
ĽϽӹȴδȣǸˣ檲䡣
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ˮЩζĽϾźܲúȣ£ôֵֹģ
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Ľθһӿ¡
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ĽֳԴͦůģֻǳǲʺĿڲͷҲΡ
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һͺˡ
˵ţް͵ҵĴϣ־ȥ·
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ԭĸԸ¶Խܡ
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ûˣǵ
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ĽϾûв͸ǽ̷·м¼
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֮ײǺãĽ˵ǳ檵ˣ֪ȥùɺã
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˴һƶ˹Ľбһһ
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µһʱĽǾͷװģЩͷˡ
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¡
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檺ܡ
ţ֪
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ڹŮˣû˭Ϊ˷Ĺĸõĳң
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һԲĽϣ޳صȥ¥
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ϺµܲãĽ˵Ϣߡ
Ľϵǻδȫջ٣Ӧһ
ֽѰʱվھﲻͣҨˮԼϽ

Ľ϶ŷҨӣءط͹
ָϽ޽ţ֮·ݲŷȥ
µĻһ·ȼ𣬵ԼסĽľͰ־úһЩ
־òУˮӶˣūȥʽԺʹʲôİ취
ȥĽֹܿͻõġ
ݵƾ׹ȥķ˸ա
ʱڻ˯ţѹɫѯ֣а飬Ǻι㷢ĸȣ
֪ʲôֱʵ˵ˡ
ţȻ벻޻ĽϺ־ơ
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ȼҩҪĽϺ£ޱѶˣȻ¥ȴ÷͹˶Ŷ
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ּ
ܳڹʱѾˣٰʱɢֵؼңʱҲϰΪˡ
һ·϶Ľ£ԥҪҪ߽衣
ܺ㸸֪Ҳ޿κΣ˭һ֮ô
Լ̫ܣοأ
־òӦţӦ֪
˵˼Һ󣬽ܻǾ˵
𣿡
農ֻ˵֣ȥˡ
ź󣬽ɢص֪ǽеķִˡ
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ԵڶĽұԺ󣬼ʮ죬ةˡ
֮ǰΪͬǣ˵زģʵ̲סߵġ
ǰģϴ뿪ÿϻ·һ·ۻȥˡ
һֱߵ⡣
ʱ˿̣ةǽ⣬ٸн
֪ˣֲ֪
Ժ˺üȦةɫʵǲˣҪôҪôͽȥһơ
ˣȥǰôԶ
˵ܿģة룬ֲٿ⣬ƻ¡
ɹ˵ԼǷǽȥˡ
ûƣة￩һ£˵Ϊÿ˯
ѵѾ
ǰˣ
߾ǰס˯ˣ
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Ͼʮûʹܹ
ةŵǰһţˡ
Ȼڰҹ⻹ǿԿŮ̡
һ˲䣬ȻʧĸоѪҺ


90

ةµѾ, ȥҡ
ҩζϴࡣ
, 𣿡
ةһɲΪϲ, δ¶ֻһ, ·㲡ˡ
ĽҲֻ˵ͷ˰ѵƵš
˹⣬ةȥʣɺЩˣ
ĽŴӰ۾Щɬÿ춼ڲ᲻һһȥ䲻ʱ
δش, ةһ顣
Ľְ̻ʹһߣ۾ע, öˡ
ةɫȷʵϴ˲, ˯, ˡ
ô˵, Ľ̵˲Ȼˡ
ҳ˼ĺż㣬û˵仰Ҫ𣿻˵, ֻΪ˿Ƿ񻹻ţ𣿡
ةڴ£˫ֽһ𣬺󱳴˹, һ
ˡĽıÿ춼㣬ÿ춼һ𣬽ˣ𣿡
ة⻰Ժ︡һЩеĻ棬ֻÿڸݡ
Ľ
ˡСĴʮָۣʵ˯һЩ¡
ةƫͷȥ۵׽˻ЩɳƣΪβ˯ˣ
´˵н˵˴ȥܿһˮĽů浹ˮ̽һˮºˮ˴ߡ
ҰȡЬݽš
ʹá
Ҫվͱ£ȴ̬ǿӲ˱𶯡
ةԼϴţ˵ĸо֮ůġ
ȻԼС˲٣ˣСδйӰ۹⿴
ǸŮˡ
Ľ̰Ȼֻǲš
Ѿ֮ǰ˺ܴĽչ
æһ칫ͽߵ⣬˸Ľţ²˯ˡ
Ľȴ˯ţȵĺĪ˷ܡ
ةһ˯ĺܺãʱԼӵţǼķ㣬Щˡ
ةִԼŲʱٶȱ§ס˽𣿡
İѳֵס
ֲ̫ࡣ
ˡ֣ةֵסĵطԶˡ
Ҳס˶ˡĽ⣬ĸ˵ǰ̽ף˳㰲ҹЩȥס븮Щ
ةĬƬʣڱĶ
ͰѾַ˵֪
ǱҲһԺ˵λòԶ
Ľ̵Ȼ֪һ㣬ΪǱլӣĸüðİ
ˣҲ޸ˡ
ҲǺӾͲôˡ
Ľһ˵ܰɣ˲Ҳ˵˹ĸŵ׮ºʺ㶼˵ˣطһǳ͵
ةһҭϿͦʣǲĺۡ
Ľ̿һ񣬡ڴ´˼档
ǽԺֲԼĴϣ龹˵ĺá
ʲô
ʲô
ޣ檣ҡ
ʲôϵ
˵
*
ԸܵĽ϶Լ䵭Ȼ˵˳ȴôۿȥ̩ˮˣ˵˼仰Ҫߡ
֮ǰΪЩ𣬻Щơ
ڹ·æҲûʲô˼Ĺϵ
ÿǰҹ˻ڴָĴС¡
϶ѻɽֻۣýͷöΪͷۡ
ʮ³Ϊ۹۵ˡ
Խ⹬žæΪҪ²˴ï뽭ÿȥ̩ΪȻ
̩෿䣬ǰΧԱԵɳҪʱһķڴҹһ˶żල
۶Ҫ͵棬пյʱ򻹻ġ
ЩӦ˾ģ޲
Ϣ˿ʱ䣬޸ĽϵĹϵ
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ҲãҪġ§֪ЩΪһֱôģҲȫΪֺޡصǰиӣ֪Ǹûлź
עòĻӣʲôźģ»ǲҪóˣһǸӣ»÷ա
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´ǰǼ䷳ģԼôǶԵģһŮ˰ˣǻʵۣҪûУ
Ѹٵݣû˾Ϊˣܡ
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Ľ֪ûǰĶˣй¶ŷ֣ԭǸʶֲµŮˣԼԶ
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Ҵñӱҡ
ĽǱֽѵģˡ
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Ľû˵ʲôЦڲ£²ã
޹Ļ£ָźû飬Ѿɻˣ˵ˮʱһŮమŮӻС
ĽϹȣһӿ˫ϲأ˵ⶼ˱£ѱˮôҪĹ̽䣬лʶŮӣָмء룬ˮʱΪŮӵ飬̻᲻ҲһЩⷽԭأӶҲ˵ûˣԸŮҵݣȴȢˣ˵ǸеˡһŮ˶㣬ʶı»˵𣿡
޵ɫת磬üۼ˼Ц⣬ʺ֮
Ա²ҪˡĽЦ檲뿴㲻ġ
޺˵Ļѩͣˣ˷ʺ޳ȥ߿ɺã
áһЦĽϵͷԷ
ްëϣϵڴĴӲǣš
·ϵѩѱɨɾڹƵӳ֮£˵Ӱĺܳ
δ߶ԶͼԼǰ˵Ҫ޵
Ľ˵㣬ޱԶһЩ
ŲԶĸĽֻѯ֣ô
ָ˭ˡ
δУѾˡ
ĽϵͷԵƬ̣ͼ޻ˡ
м´Ȼ̩ɡ
С°ˡ
ĽҲû˵ʲôˣɢȥʱ뽭ڴſš
µƣ룬һ֪ˡ
迴һǣŵ֣Ľû顣
ּ̻ش޵ʻˡ
ĽϻͷһۣȴŹˡ
ūߵ¡ʺ
Ľϼʣ˻ţ



91

ʶôˣʳ⻰ޡ
һ·ܹ, Դּ˵Ŀʹֹ, ūڽδѰԺʹ, ȥ̫ҽԺҲóȻ̫ҽȥƲ, ش˸
Ľ֪³ᵱ޵ô˵
޵ĲһֱǽԺʹƵģ̫ҽóⷽ棬ܲнԺʹƽʱԺʹ渺Ϊ֪ʲôʱнɢֵҲǴڴ״̬Զȥһ̫ҽԺ̫ҽȥһȥѯ, ظ˾ñ̫ҽڣ̫ҽΪƲ, , ΪΣ
ͬ, ʺ, ȥʶ
²ȥĪ˵念ҲʱȥĽȥ, ʳȥܿͻ
Ȼʵģȥɡ
˸һ, ֵʮš
˳Ľϵѯʰô£
˵ʵ˱׷ˣʮּŭǾ壬֪֮ô˵е㲻ȥһˡ
ĽϾһͷ亹Ű˸¾ͼˣѪ𣿡
һ㣬Ѫʰɫ
ĽšüͷʣȰôˣ
˵Ƿȥ
Ľϵᵽɤۣǲ
ǰȰûлȥ
δС
Ľϵ类ѹһʯܣŽ˼㡣
֪׷ϳĽ裬Ѿûƴ⿴ˡ
ûȥ򸮣
𣺡֪Ϣ̾˵򸮴ˣʱĻӦûûµġ˵ǲ׵ģа취ȥģ
Ľϱڳϣ۾ĬĬ
ʹɻŲԶȴ
ȵ˹⣬ĽҴҽȥ
ҵʱֻһĴǰ
ĸ󡣡
Ľǰڴ£۾ģԿ޹ˡ
ӿɻв
ҡͷɳƣûˡ
ȽԺʹˣ㿪Щ̥ҩţౣһ캢ӾͶһ찲ȫĽḧ˸ʵĶƤʱɲӶûȫء
۽ᣬĽָȥô㣬϶ĻĸŻûµġ
Ըˡ
̫ҽȵĹĽû˽ȴһˡ
ϺҲֱ˵̫ãļ󡣺Ȼ̥λʱ򷢶Ѳǿı̥Ѻӵ̥λźá
Ľľܱµ𣿡
⸹еĺӵŸ¡ֻܶǹҪԣҪ֮ǰǰ߶ˡ
ʱ᲻ûĽϾҲܹؼ
бͻĴ˵ѪʳӸӦûʲô⡣ܴҩȡֽܿͰѷдˣʳͣÿβҪԱһּνʳ
ܻ̫֮ҽԺҩһͬȥˡ
ҵŸչϣĽϾͼȰ״Ӿſڳ
ϲʱģ
Ȱ׸񣬡Ժʹʱյھһֱû
ĽϸϽӴվλã굣ĵĲᣬʲô¡
һĹٷδü۵ײ˺Ѫ˿ɫ֮֮࣬ǰѾתࡣ
½һѱסڼͷ
һԵĽʾ˳ȥҲû⡣
ϸﰲο˼ȰװӷֱĿ˵Ժ˵Ļˡ
ֻǴܼҷһıТͷĹԱһֻܡ
째ҴǲԼȥҺ룿
һҲú֡
ô˵û
Ȱ۾ôҺȥֺԹһ⣿δʱŹˮʱ򣬺üҹͻ״ҶûʳԹһֱءֻҶڣ˵󲻾Ļ˵Ļʥּ֪𣿡
ԲҲ˵ˡ֣ҵ
Ȱ׵˲٣ᡣ
ǿлˣ
Ȼ˵Ǹ˲ȫһˡȰֵ͵ӡɻ¸˿ţܼҶû֪˵ҪҲҪԶʵʩҷôܹԹԵſ̵򣿸ߣֻĸһ£ȻǱЩԱε˹ְкκô֪ġ
֮ȰȥĽ˽дﵣˡ
Ľ˵㣬Ǳ߱Ѿ˵ˣûʲôµġ뺢ΪҪԺʹٲƵעһЩˡ⣬ЩǳзģȻûǽԺǶӽΪá
ǣСġ
Ľδٶͣ˺󲻾ðʹ̥ҩˡ
ҩȰȥˮϴš
㿴ҵĽǲ׵㣿
棬һһӣûĽźÿ
ǳЦ㸸ĸ֪ϴţ϶Ӷˡ
ϴžˣ֪һֺù㣬ǡȰ׻δ˵ͱס죬׼˵ˡ
Цôˣ߸ʲôΪҡ
촽ٴαס˵ҾͰѽŲϡ
ԼȰסĽףԼϣɻУ
Ҳҵһֻ֪֪ȥҪЦ㡣
˲֪ġ°Ľŷ¼ϴûǸᡣ
Ϊʲôôã
õŮӣȴܵõҡ
Ϊֵá
Ϊʲôôң
ӣ鷽漫ȵӣĲףһ˸ס
Ȱ׸˽ţȻϴˮˣûشĻ
Ǹʲô˼
Ƕˮϣǲ˳
һӵʱ䣬ڳˣЦʣ֪
ôǷ֪أ
ǰϨ˵ƣһͬ£ǺñӲּ˵ʵ㲻ӦңǸԼ׶ɢʲô
ĪЩȣôô˵
ǾԼûôʵġ
𰸣⡣
Ŀд֣ȻЦа˯

ڳ˵ڴûô
˸ָĻԹǲ
ŮģȵֻȰףͦá
ʮ飬簢Ӹһˡ
˭ˣ
ûū澡
ңôˣ˵
ͷڴĿ졭졭ʵ˵ڡ
˵ҿްˣԲ˵ȥɣס⣬𣿡
壬˵ǰأ
֪ǻԼñ˵һ䲻ãҵͲãһмʶңƣ˵ʲôԼҲŸͰˣûһֵ÷ϣС¡
Ҳ͹ĿЩĻöٹ޲˼ңܱˡ
꿴ģݸһЦΪۣڸԼȥˣҶҲˡȥ¶ôˣ
¶Цգū澰¹𣿶չָʾİˡûĻ¶׼ܳɡ
ǾͺãǳˣҲѱôá
ɷȥһΣֻҪȥ֪ʹζܡ
ҵĺð֡
⻰ðﱸϲܵϿɵĿֻ֣ҪǹģūһϧһΪɡ
һȥˣæڣȥϢɡ
ū澲ۡСŵϣӹˡ
ô᲻ۣȥɣءźˡ
ūĲۣʵ߹ūֻҪ뵽ܵĿͷͺ˷ܡ


92

ûܿͷ֪ܿ, ҹﶢҸſھͳ, Ϣҡ
˵ͷ, ߸ճ꣬Ȱ׾ͻˡ
ȥ׼˷ʳ, Ŀ죬㲻ȷ
ˣȻҲⰭ£Ҳųҡ
ȰװͷϵĹñժ¸ϣڴ߾ЦڳҶܺȢʲôŮӡ
˭Ҳ뵽һƽΪޣ㸸ĸЩҩ, ǵ֪ķʱܲס
Ȱ뵽ǰͻʥּ͵ҵʱԼĸֱ˹ȥ
ܺ, ҾˡӲ, ֳԴ泯, ɢֵʱ, ڹſƼҵĴˡ
̽׵ģ˵ֻؾ˸ľӪˡתһ룬ɢֵʱ, м飿
Ҽŷӵʱһ𣬸˵ء
ձһ, ĸرұӽ
Ȱһ֪ʲô·ӣжӦõģҿɫͲãزΪ¶ΪӻԵʡ
޵̴ˣȻõġ
ȰֻЦ˵ƺ˼ʲôʲô
ö£ϸĹٱ䶯Ĵ١ܻ˵ЩŶ֧µˣʵ϶Ϊ̫ӵµģ鹦û֧̫ӵ£ƷµҲͬڽϱڶ¼ɣҲ˵
˹Ҫȥ뾩ټûؾھסǵĻ常Ҳڸʵǻű׼ؾסģʱĸΪ˾Т常ϵͺãҲ׼ˡ񣬵ȹԾʮˣʱ䲢ûкܾãƱػǰ̫֮λġ
оֺ飬Щ£ɰܾˣ̫ӱϻ߱ǿɾ͡
ս֣Ȱ˵ȥʱ֪ѱ˶һʱǲҲˣʲôֻҪ̫ӵûʲô£̫ӵ¼ܣϾҪʦԵ޹ʷ̫ӵ˵Ĺȥôףܵڻ̲飿ͱ°չˡں̫ӵ½ĲٽҲô׵ġ
ڣǰĵġ
ǡ
ʱ̣ҵţ
˯Űʱۣ˵
ȰҲˣʲôˣ
С˵˱̧ҹ˽ԺʹԼλ̫ҽȥΡ
֪ˣȥЪɡ
ĻػȰ˯ȫޡ
󲻵ʾ˵Ҳľ֡
ôˣ
Ҳûô֪ÿճȥһסլðȥҸҩΣ˼Ȧ׻ذˡпÿٺ»ô࣬ҿСԺӰƴ˵ŮӼͶûУ˵ˡ
֪Ϊ̫ӵ£Ʊػᱻ׷飬ǲ鵽ͷϡ
ġģԴӶ㸸ֱץס˰ѱ֮ҾͲˣΪ֪ҷ˶˼Ȧ׻棬Ϊһġϻ˷ʽ·˰ûӹŮԲ鵽ҵͷңȻ̫ȴΪ㡣
ȰⷬϲѣΪ𣿡
ǵȻڳϴ㣬ǸڵҲʲôö
Ǿ˵˿ҵģôŮǰ
Ц˲ңǲ˲λϸ¾ʹʱĸɫŮӣȻûʹһǱҷˣ˵ǲɵȥ罭ЩŮٵܵãõּŮ˵ϣʲôãʲôŮû֮㲻ԼΪҲỳɵͷȥ뱾޸ϵ
Ȱֻÿֻ̥û뵽һֱûš
ŵ¶϶жʱܲ˵ġȰ§ǡ̫ӵڲĵף⵹Ǹʱء
˳ǰŮ˲ڳһΪȴҲںΪ
ЦŨأ˲𡣡
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˯ʱ˴˾ϰ䵽ùź˰ʱ飬Ÿ·ǰ⹬ɳͱҡ
ʱĽϣĶˡ
ȥ浵λø˺ԶͲһˣΪѾ˻¡
λþԱߡ
̫ûмˣʮʮʮȥ˰˸²ּ
ˮ̻¹¯޶˵λǰЦעڵķ
˾ĽŲӿһЩֵ¡
ΧǣŲֿ
浼̫ӵ¡
ض񡣡˾£ŵ
Ȼ֪һҲ
ΪޱȿУ˾˵ʡ
ĳϣˣһһ˾۵ףһ棬浺㡣
ϴμʱˣˣֿܾÿ
˾ܸܵеĿ⣬ΣȴƵƵͷз⽹ơ
ȵۺ˺󣬻ʼ˵Ŀⶼ۽ڱϣ˾ŵԶۡ
ʱҲûжٶԻֻƵЩ
˶ԣͶԷĸˡ
ҿʱĽϼðǵĶ˾һĿЦ˵þΥĶڽ⹬ߣֻ˸š
ֱ˾ʼδϲ֮ϲ
ôϲĵףû֪
ɢ˺˾ж鲻Ҫô֮Щ¶˼Ц⡣
浣ղң
Ƕд𣿡
֣˵
浻ͷһۣС˵롣
ôأüͷ΢һȺβͣ㵥ദ
û£˵˵棬ѾܺˡȻǣӵһϵζ
浾ͷһѩ¡
£ѩˡ
Ժı˵Сѩ
˵ʣ£ѩ˷磬ɡɢҸض
㿴ȥĶأȥţñȥɳͤӴ磿
Ц˵ūأȥʾһ»ʺôţ
£ȥ
ǣūȥȥȡɡˣԵȡ˵뿪ˡ
ΨһԼҵ²죬ȼ˾żæŵȥ˷͹
֪˾Ÿ᲻ףĽϺ󣬵˵ūߵʺ
˵Ľ˵̫Ӵɡ
ǣ
ֳڹȥת棬ԶԶƼϣŮڸ˾
ߵǰʱϣѾˣֿ˾ֻɫôÿ

93

, ʺ˵ͷȥ͹
Ҳá
ͷô, 治ȥ͹, ôŵǶҵദĻᡣ
ʵϵǶû仰Ľϱǰ˵ദķ, ȥĸӣٳ
ǹˣܲùŮҵ˼
ĽҲϣǰһЩ飬ڻദ
ǵ֮ǰѾڷ˻裬ӷѾ
浰ŸϣתԼ߽˾š
˴Ƭ, ˾ָסһգ󻺻ͷ
浵ĶҪסˣжõ
˿̵, ȫǰ侲Գ֡
浡˾§ڻ, ̫ˡ
浵۾Щʪ, ֪´¼ʲôʱˡ
ܼ, ҶĶ䡣
ۣһֻֽץ·Լ˵ĵĲǵ»᲻, ǷһúõĻš
ţصһúûţû, ҵİ浸ô
§ĲӣĿڴţ빲
˾ôʱ䵽ŵʱ˾ٲҲվǷ
ڷ͹˷ͬ˾һѩµЩˣһס
˫˱˴һۺֿ
浳ɡڹ˻ʹ²С˵ûз̫ӵ˵ʱ񲻶Ծ
㶼ˣһܿ𣿡浵Ҳ֣ҪݣҪòòⱻŮǡƵĳϲµʱӦòˡֱӳͣ⹬֪ǶȥԴк˵עһµµɫһ֪Ҳġ
˵̫ӵ᲻˽
Ҳ֪ 
ôûʵ£
ʲôºܲףҲϲ£ҲԼ¡浽̺ӸϣദʱͲٱһЩ·߾͸ˡ
һʱҲڱϡ
Ĭһ˵ֻһ˵ġ
ף˾̳˻λڹвٳ֮Ůʱϣδɻ飬δزһ
ؼܲܵǻʲôʱǻ
㽫˲Ůˣū澾ŹҲϲǸңū澻ŵ¶ԹɲһأԺֻйһʺҲһ
浲һЦҶ룬㵹Ǹ˵
*
԰ᵽ˱լةΡ
վϴҲ߰ˣĽȴˡ
صס˵϶ҸǼóңˡ
ӹȡҪǶξܾô죿
Ľ̰۷ڴ࣬ҪǶξܾңҾŵ͡
Ц˵ɫÿ
û࿴ҽ
ſڴأһδǰüȥġ
δ˵ͱĽ̴ϣʲôüȥģ޷˼۰ˡ
ū澵˼϶ģֲԶȻƵļ˺һߣ˵Цģ˾ԷӺ⣬ʱǺͷţū澻ͷۣܲˡ
ҪлˣҡĽ̵Цţ˵Ҫˣ᲻˵ϲҵĻ
пܣ˲ķ𣿡
ǲҪƲˣһҪϲңɾ͸ˡ
һȥùĽԡӾڻּ˲ٵ̿طϢ
ͷ˺˴᣷ºĽ̰Լ¸ȡ¸档
ϵûةˣıǰһЩҲ֮ǰֹͬࡣ
ݺֱӾʣĽŵ˾
˺˶٣
û١
֪ãûʵҲٵĶȥ
ֻ¶˸ԴƵĹ֮£ӳġ
ֻԼҲ˵ĽЦЦΪ㿴ң
Ƿ⣿
Ľ̻أ˵⻹˵⣿
˵ʵ
Ӵǰ䣬ةһ֪Լ˻ǱǰһĻˡ
ܺãһǸϲˡ
һ·֮һء
ةһȥĽұԺʱĽ̾Ѿ⣬ҲҪŮˡ
׼ˣҪܲˡ
ĽҲ֪Ǻ˾ƣᶯġ
ʱҲǺö

ʱةˣͷ۵
뵽£°۾ˡ
˼Ƭ̺ة۵ͷһۻŮˣ§˼֡
ȵʱḺ̌ıɪһ£䡣
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Ǽˣ˵ˣٲգٲ·ˣ»ؼ滹ҪٸһΡ
Ľ̲֪ʲôʱߵģʱѾʱˡ
ˮźԡĽѯ֪ʲôʱģ
ʱū澸սͷľū·ﴰǰʱ˵˵ŵ㣬ūʲôҲֱӾͻ˯ˡ
Ľ죬һˮԼ˸Ͳ˵

͡Ľ̲֪ô˵ܽһ䣬̫ƫˣԲʵ
ٺһЦǣûмˣ˵Ĳ²⡣˿Ǽˣϲﲻ͵ˡ
ʲôɹϲġ
ô˵ȷġ
괲ȥš
˷뿪լԺĽңٻĽһˡ
ĸ׽ȥĸˡڴ£ĸſڲС˵ģ㡣㣬ȱûУ
ûС
ΪʲôȣڲкӵĺʱһȢ㣬Ҫô죿ĽûȲҪӺãԺӶá
û˵ҺȣҲû˵Ȣҡ
Ľ̾˿û˵Ȣ㣬˵Ȣ𣿡
Ľ̳Ĭһ»أҾȢҵģ֪ҲҵģҵʳסжĽҵģҪˡĴ㲻ȢңǾͲȢˣҲԴ±ġ
Ҿ㣬治Ȣ㣬ʱ˺ô죿
˺ҲûʲôáĽ̲ΪѣһϵݣѵĽһ벻취Ūһˣ
Ľһҵ죬㣬ǰôûôɵأ˵ҪǸĸ׹ĸ˵ûȥԺ㲻ܼ޷Ǹ׾Ӫĸ˵λȲˣᣬԺ˭˵׼ɵʲôĸ˵һǽˡǰģڻǰҶ֪ô˵ˣΪ˸ˣһ㶼԰
֪ǹĵԼ⻰ĽĻǶʱˣҲۿת
ĽҽãǸ׾Ӫĸ޸ȻʲôίûҪģŮ֮黹Ȩơȥ̫ӵδܶڤݣΪڻܸ˵ЩҪްˣĽұصǱ»£ǲĽҺùġֻԼֻ뵽Լ֪ڵ̫ƽǶڷֿ𣿡
˵ſ֮ҲҲڳΪЩ̫ӵЩң˲飬վһȨƵŮӣľǸһȨƵˣĽά̫ƽǼﳤҵģò԰ָңУٸ˵һԣ
ĽԼٺһ䶨ҪĴ򣬰ԼݹȥᣬУҲô˵˻Ƹ㻤ģҲ㵱ɸ
ĽûӣԼӲ˲۽ǣǸעˣһ㶼ݣΪǸЩƵôҲ׼ô˵
Ȼﲻͬ۹⣬Ľû˵ˣǺʣ𣿡
ϹʲôḺ̌ʲô£
飬϶ˡĽһЦҶˣ˵ʲôӡ
ЦĽأ󲻵
⻰ĽǸЦҲŲأ⻰ٵҶȥ
㰮ŲţõŲ𣿷ҲӣûϵĽ˵⣬ƽ࣬ڻѱ߿Ǿ˻ӣֻ˵Ŀܴҵĸܡ
аɣԸԸҲ˵ʲôˣġ
Ḷ̌
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ѩڴϼˣѩţȥš
Ժľ϶˸Сѩˣ̧
ȻԼѣŻͦˡ
ֻůͣСѩ˺ܿͦסˣѩͷһ룬һŪõʪģŮָϽ䳷ȥ
ĸָĸȥʲô
ǰٱ²Ҳĸôʱˡڴߴĸţ˵ǲĻΪˣ
û̲׷Ը˲ܿ£Ѿ˳Ѱ˭µ֡ͷС·ССѾλŮÿˡ
ü΢šĶĸЦ⼸ģûµġ
οūˣ̥λڶûūʵ¡


94

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˵ԣһ㶼£Ҳ£ţ
Цŵͷĵ˲١
һ㣬ʱ̼ǹţȻ̫ҽԺЩæЩ˻ʹǰ
鿴ж̥λǲ, ̫ҽվŮб𣬰̶ȽӴ
ŮҽãҾ, ҲȻֶ̥λ, һСĳʲô, 
ǽԼ, ʵҲûʮֵİգοأ
ʱ죬̥λ˺Ӷпܻ, ʲô˼ɡ
Ľֻȫֲ֪ñܻ䡣
ؼ, ֮ǰǰҡҡͷ
ʱȰѾˣھźȴ
Ҫת̥λţ
ʱ䲻һӣȰȴһʱ֮á
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쳴ܵڳҪ˵ʾⲻҪ
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˵ڹϢ˵²֪ιͻȻԲѣƽԺʹ˹ͻӵϢ
ͻȻԲѣȰ׳ԵͣöǰǽѰҵзĺۼĶڳ
֮ӾȥϽȥʺ̽Ϊȥ򰲵һˣ˵ΧвõĶҵ򰲵
ĸδ游𣿡
Ȱ׻صһعˡ
ʲôҲûʣȥհ졣
ȥ׼ˣʣ·޶ˣѯʣʲôˣ
ͻȻˣװİˡӸǺãԣһЩе¶߼޻̫ӵ¡
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Ȼδô˾ϣǰȴô˼ıնķҡ
ضǸ׼ģץ̫ӵİѱֺֻ߱·ˡ
ҲôΪƲ߳Ԫ֮֡
һ㣬Ȱ׼Ųɡ
̫Ӳ°ɣ
ӦòµģǵϢǡ
˷лˣūȥ͹ʱ򣬻ʺѾ֪ˣ˵򰲵Ѿˡ
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쳻֤ʵĻүֱµӦڶĹǽµ滹˶֮Ѫ˼Բˣ̫ӵ¡
ȰЦĳЩòˣֻ͸̫ӵˡ±˭ôκε𺦣ȻôԸϷֻԢȷãƽ޹ʸӺ֮ñ
ү˵ǡ
о̤ʵˣ֮ǰѾ̫޳൱ɾðӦҪô֮ǰصĹʵҪôǱġ
쳵֮ǰصĺûĲö֪ȷеº˴á
ãҲָʲôóǱǶˣԴǲܱŷ˵ִ˽֪ЩͰѱԣʶ뿴Ǹ棬ΪͿ糯Ϸ̫ˡϢʲôҲûѵġ
뵽Ե֪ʧı飬̹˼֡
֪ǲܴӰ죬µʱجΡ
õ׷ɱ˷Ŷߣ˰ߡ
ȻǸָجΣҪ
Ϧİڹھм磬ȰױڹҹȥѰ
Բ㱻ʵмҷѶδعˣŽҲأϾ͹ˡ
ɲ뿪֪ĸڵȣȲͲߣȰĹȰ»ȥˡ
㸸ײҸ㣬һ֪֪ҪѰ㣬˵ƱҪȥ
ҲʲôȦװɣ
Ĵһ⺢ӣ㸸ʲôˣ
ȰЦⲻ˵Ц𣿡
㺰ŮһҲ㾿Ҫصʲôʱǲǳ̫Ǳŵ϶Դºǲϱʲô֪ʱֻЦǺǵ˵ٻԼȻǼġʵأʲôԲǱⶼ֪
󡣶µ֪ĳ຦ĸײҪ֡ȰֵʵǴŮ˾ǣǶհæˡ
һ첲ְһƣˣʵ˵ǲưͣ
ǡǶװư͡
¶ʮǻˡ
ȰײæϹ࣬µľûˣǴμʱĸµС
û˻ˣôôأ
΢΢һЦ˵ء
ӿ϶Ǵ˵ģ߶߶Ȼʱ򲻺
ȰôģĿǰĺӿ϶ǲģԤ⼸ھҪˣʱԼ˵߸µԱ֮¿϶úӲС
Ϸ侲һ֮˵Ȼĸ㲻㸸ͬ˻£ҲˣƽŮӾƽŮӰɣܱ㲻ɻǿ˺ӡܲһʱܲһ𣿡
Ȼһӣĸ׷ģ͸ġȰס˫֣ĸףԺϲҲڶӵϲҪ¶ʲôô
ôɩôɣ
Ȱҡһͷɡ
ȢϱЩĺӦѧѧ硣
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ѵ˵¶Цĸ״Ӧ㣬Ժ棬úദ
ŵ򸮣ټïȰЦźס
ïȻĽ̨ףһ𣿡
һΪ˰ȫŶӣڰ̥
ߵӻϣöǸӰɣŮĸ׿ɾŮˡ
⻰ʹϴӣΪûӣ׶κȾϵ£Ϊ˲
Ȱ׵Ƴһ飬˵ŮʮŮôҪģ
㼱ʲôۣŮҪˣܹҪӼ̳мҵ˵ĺŮЦЦ㡣
ȰЦĲŮŮɵЩǴȥҶΪЦ
˵꣬ױԴҾ檡
˭׼ˣïʱ˵˲檡
ʮֿףûͣҲõ˼ȥ˲檣ԴΪֹŻ£Ϊҿ϶Ӧû뵽ïӦ
ҪһֱӣԺָ˭
ϽӻǲҶĸʲô⣿еģ㼱ʲô
˵飬ѾͷһӣͲǰԺԷ¡
֮Ҳ룬˶ӣҲϵġïֶԴϱҲõʲôӦõ²ԣ¶ĸҾͱ˵㸸׵֪ܵˡ
Ӧǡ
һٷδ꣬쳱ɫҴҵĽţү
Ȱײ˲ͬţôˣ
ոյϢ˵ˣҲԵʹУҪˡ
ȥңȥĸ˵һߡ
æͷǡ
ȥ·ϣȰײͣѯⰲźûУû׼׵
ʵ쳺ͷ󣬡үͬ¶Ѿˡ
Ȱ׸ɿһҹڽˡ
صɻźżȥܵȴָ˾ſڡ
ˣǻԺ鷿Ȱɣū澻ðͨϢġ
ⲻû𣿡
ֻǲܲܵȵӿҪʱܿɣ
⾻ȡ
ȰףʱҪѪˮʲôģȥ鷿Ȱɡ
Ȱ뿪ص鷿ҲվҲǣǿȥһ֡
쳸˰裬ûã˿ܻҵ
ʱ󡭡
Ъʹ̣رᡣ
һʱ󡭡
Ъʹʮ̡
һʱ󡭡
ˮʹӣͣץԼͷ
Ȱ׽ܵæȥˣڿɲܼѽ
ܵڵȡ
԰ŷġ
˵ѾüΪģԼ˺ѷεĿ޺ʱȰ絶ʹ
ĳڼѹԼ˿Ҳܲ˷
˰ӹүŵȡ
վõ˫ȷ飬±˻ɤ˵ҲˣҲˡ
ȵ˳ʱѾˡ
ʱ򣬺ӻû
Ȱֺּû취̲סȥǰʱͻȻһЩһ쵰û˶
쵰˭Զ

95

֮ǰ, ׼
ĵʱ, ֮, 뷨ȫͬ
ʱĥһ㱻߽ķ, ֻ뾡ֹʹ
ָźι˲Ӳ󣬹ܿˡ
ţȻʹ˵ˣؿڣȻĴùĵġ
԰, Ĵָʱ䱻໳̥ô, ǵĵһ, ϱûסĺ, ζҪס
뵽޵Щ, ҧ߬ƴȫʹӿյһɲһԺ, ˺ӵ˷ĵ˯ȥ
ʡ£Ằһ, 
ú˯ɡֱ޲ֹĺȥϴȥǮøԺʹ
ֽӸɾˮ̳ššӣ˵ĵȡ»µģֽˮ赹
һʰ׵ȰԽˣӿڣ봳붼£ôʱ䶼ٵһкηΪɡ
ڴºһֱŻ˯ŵ꣬ɫȫȻѲһĲ԰ƣ
Ȱ۵ĸ˸գַֽš
ˣСүιţ̣ɡ
ֽӹ첲ԽӲͷŻСС˶
ںڵ̥۵Сϸ٣Լ
ʱʵںˣū澴Сүȥס˿ЩЪϢɡ
Ѻµݸ֣ǳȥȰ׺ڴࡣ
һలˣŵҲȴô˯ţôš
겢δ˯ܳʱ䣬ʱ΢˾ࡣ
ӳ⿿ֱסȰ׵
˯ߺǳۡ
ˣ
ĸ첲ͷ˳ȥǲǳˣ
ұ˯ţһȰ׵ͷˡ
Ů
ӡ
ʣǳ㻹أ
ҡ
Ц泩ǿ̫ˣǰҲ˵ôҾĺ㡣
㻹˵Ҫܶܶຢӣһأ𣿡
ôңȻʱײǽϻȥһ뵽Һĺӣ;öֵˡ
ȰԺˣġ
ȴ˵ϲӵģǸҺԸ⡣
չתȥδϴء
Ȱס°͸תҲӡ
СƿҪȥ㡣
Ȱ׷°䴩ϣҪȥ𣿡
Ҫֲܾǲˡ
ЦװС
ǰҿװȥ
˵İŽ׼ˮ
ˢϴͷ
Ǵһ𣿡
أӳ¿Ҫǣ
˵ֻ䣬ӲžŸҵ׵÷纮¾ʱٸǿǻů˲٣Σ
Ȱͬ˵ģھͻˡ
Է𣿡
ȥԡ
ߣһˮҲǶˣһûʣˡ
˺شʱְѺӸ˹
ϲĲˣĺС
СүƤףˣ˶Ҳǰٷ硣
ôһ˵Ժʱֺӳߵģļ䡣
˻ӱִˡ
ʱȥϢİˣȻСүˡ
Ȼ֪һءûոʻһ游𣿡
Сڹ󣬻֪ܲϦһٹҪߡ
ˣ˵Ǳ»ȥ
ǿ϶ˡ
Ϣ˵ƣ˵ϦҹһЦڽڼһ֧¿̫ԼСĸˤˡ˷ƹҲδȥ
ܸʾڼˤŷ
СӷźãڼҲûȥġ
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˵ǰҲȥֻҪȥ˲žϻޣкܴ𡣡
ҪĪܹܷ֮̽ˣ˾ڴ⡣
˶һۣѸٵİѷʳߣڳҩȰ׸ӵ͵ܵŻһЩϣֱźȥԺ鷿
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ֱӿϵĽ֦Ҷȷʵյݹһ̬
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ģÿոұŻķʳ֪ϲɾﴦģ֪ҲϲҩζÿնҪϵġ
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Ȱһǽڷ˫סͷ࣬¸ɡ
ʱ䳤ƿû˯ãһ죬ȥϴźú˯һ
»δ˵ء԰ǰ˺ÿ£׶˵֪㲻ԺҲվˡĶּˣ̲Լ鲻ʲôų֮ӣ̲Ƕû鵽ʲô
˾ûбˡȻƶΪǾֻһ֮ѡЦ鲻Ҳʵû뵽ģҲãλòͿճ𣿸ʿ϶ᰲűĹԱȥ
Ȱ׵ǿ϶ģѾ˼Ǵˡ
Ҫ˵ĵڶʲôЩԥʲô𣿡
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˵
¶֪ˡȰ֪Ȼôֵģ˵Ͼ͵͵ǸӣƽʱѾܽˣȥñ϶ˣŮǰ֮ȥôһ١ò֪ôģԺϡ֪֮£Ҳյ˵ˣȻͽϸıԺ
꼫ѹƾʲôˣҲ֣ǷһƶϿ϶ϳˣ˵ǰû棬Щҹ㣬м߹ٷ˲ʶģǷĽãһЩ˽»ֻҪμܻġ
ϳˣ˵ϼá
ΪʲôЩأ
漰Ľҵ£տ϶˵ġ
û˵˭ֻһͻСŮˣЩƸ˵˵ˡ룬ϴãǲΪ֪ĽҲǣһҳױˣôҲӣһҪţҪǳʲô£ȻǳûϷˡ
겻ΪȻӣǾ֮ԻȫΪ̣ƲԼȥĸ롣Ҫ뵽˵һ㣬ҲôԴҸˡǸԸ˰ˣ㵱ܴϻ𣿴ϻ۵ŮܸɳЩ£
˵Ҳǣôʱ˻һֱβ棬Ǻ˶ѡ
£¹ĸѾ֪ˣŴɡ


96

Ȱ͸¶ղͬȢ, ˵û취ԼͻСŮĸס
ҪĻĽҵˡ궼, ᲻ͬȢ𣿡
ҾÿԲ󡣡ȰԼϴˮ, ҪСеķĶ, ܲ˼ġ
飬ô
Ҳ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
𣺡֪
һ㶣֪
ظ֪
˵˵
ûߵˣǵͷŴ΢Ϊ㣬Ͳһ˿ᡣ
׷
ǰûгΪ⿿ĻᣬԼҲ׷ϡ
ûз֮, ܶץ񣬾ö֮Ⱦܻˡ
ܼ֮, Ը, Ҳû취
һס, ദܾ֮Ŷġ
, ԼγĽأ
ȰҲǶĹϵ˵ֱƻ飬ݾԶʮǧ
֪߷ҲȰ׻ͷһ˵, ǾԲĽҵĹͻģƲһ㱻ȳʱദңһֲżǿĻ, һڱ湫ʱ˳һ䡣ȻֻżҲǲǵġ
ֻ˵鱻ѹƵ̫ˣһȱʧģ̲ᡣװѸ鵱µˣһߵòػůġǴδõģ߶ռˡ
Ȱױ߲ű˵ٳϵˣ󲿷ֻȨΪصģЩŮͬᵱ¡ЩŮĸƾӹźӽܶ඼ˣԪĸô
Ů˵λ΢ҵĻʹĸǣ׵Գ޵ҲûܻؾһΣиռ޹ȥûһϷûˣֱת޸ԵˣһҲûУĺܲáһ޳ȥûû׵ҲòĶȥǵķﶼûʲôȨƣҲǡżϹȥʵܲʲôҸʴų谮ҵĻӸҽ˹ĸǻʺҲᱻȥ׻߱¼޸һȨֲϲˡ
˵ЩǲǺңˡ
ǰйңҲйڡżһǲǺأҲ֪𰸣Լĸֵõġ
ȰЦ⽥ŨΪʲôеأ
Ϊʲôķ¡
̿Ŷԭ
ϴˮˣԺ۾

峿ѩӣ޶˱źڣĽˡ
ĸôˣ
ȥ游ҳӹӣͷЦ˵һҵĺӣġ
ʲǸһȥѵڴ𣿡
Ľ˵ûУûҪģҲ֪ôĶˣԵĺܡ̫ҲҸˡ
ѯĽ̵¶ֻĽϵǸðլǲסˣͷĸתָѾ̻ظˣһʱ䣬
Ͳʹ˸̶˹ϵ
Ѿڵˣڷŷݣĸġ
Ϊж鶼ڹţͣʱãܿҪߣٱǰ֣Ľ˵úӣҪЩˣĸ
֮ͳ˸Ľҡ
ǹؽĽøóȥ뿪ڽʣԼĸĸɩԼֶֶŮ
һƼĽϵˣһƬš
ĸ˴Žֻ˵˴ȥδἰ鶼˵ʲô϶˵ʲô
Ľ̻ػڴ֮߳ǰֶŮҩǸ˰ʱһ˵ѾֶŮҪ¡ΪǳһҲæĺܣ֮Ҳû˵ģֻ˵ֶŮú֮ġȻӵĸûϢֶŮʹˡ
ʱδ֪Ľ룬ڿ϶֪ԼѾǶˡ
ģǺæġ
ĽⶼˣһҪȢ˼ҲûУҲĸⲻָʲô𣿲Ҫȥˣʱֹסɡ
ʲôĽ䵭һˣһֱǰߡ
ѵ˵ʮ겻Ȣ㣬ҲҪʮ𣿡
ⲻòĵġĽ϶豭ͷһڣҪľغ죬ҾͿˡɩӣǴլˣٸðһµġ
Ӧ𣺡õģ
ĽϷЦ˵Ҳʮˣоúʵģѻ¸ˡ
ĸֶŮɲҪʹġ
Ҫģ
Ľҧҧ촽곤ֶŮϣҪúãƷкãҪӸߣҪҪϽģйְ
ĽϰѲ豭£ԺкʵĻޡ
ĸӲǻδ뾩ֶŮͦʵġ
ѾҪɻˡ
Ľ۾ǲŻ̽ûôô죿
ţǰնġ
ļҵĹ㰡
Ľڣʱ˵Ժ֪ˡ
ĽЩʧ׷ʵǹĸĻǷ˶ģ
̫һġ
СŮ˵ʲôϳʹ˸ɫʾⲻҪٶ˵ˡ
СǶȥĽϲ˵ǽָʹŮ
ĽƽɽŮĻЩģ
ţ̫ѯ˷飬ȻģѾܶĽųǰ޵ĻŮղޣЩȥʱǰûع
Ľƽɽ֪Ǻ⣬ ҪȥɣʱС
лס
Ľϸ·ЬӷʽΪʵδñǴŶ˰
ĽܵεʱʱҪ䡣
δᶫδɡ˫ֽӭŷߡ
ȵ˾Żɽͷ϶ѩ˫˫Ŷˣֱ
Ľϵѩߡ
ÿһļоͶһЩ뾡ˡ
ʱĽŲԶſڵӰһЦ
˹ȥײʵĻ
ʲôʱģ
§أҲǸյãû
ˣС˲á
ĽϰԿóţ˽ȥ裬Ҫȥ㱻סȥĶ
ȥˮղ衣
ţȥ
ĽϽϵϣһɡ
ӻǰվ𣬽ȥڵϣã䣬š
ĽϿţ˫ַ̿ȡů
˲裬ָŪˮֽ
･ů⣬Ľ뿪ȥ
Ѳݸ˵½ջĸҵôͻȻֲˣ
ҹﶳˣԲֹûˣʱǰعôĸңϴӦˣҪҵվͻع
֪ˣЩʧ䣬ǲ̫ˣ
ʣȴǿ϶
ĽͷԴˣ
ҵŮˡ
Ļ
ĽϼЦ־ÿġ
˵ֵ˵Ĳ𣿡
ȻǶԵģ֪Ľ֪ôŵģ
ţôŵģ
Ϩ󣬵˯ҰѱԼˣȥһε˯ָߣ˺üΡ
ʧЦЩģΪ˲Ųģ
Ľüۣ֪ʡ̫ˣϴĸҾͲһȥҪȥҲû취ֻһȥȥҲûĸ¶ᷳġΪǻʵۣ˭ָҵ¶أսսֹ
ܿĳˡһЩȻΪ̷ַӣʵû뵽
ҲʵΪջ𣬵֪µϣһûܺۡ
ûңҶں豭ŵϣסֻ֣㡣
ƾ
Ľɿ֣Լϵ·ȡ¡
״˼֣תްֿƿԡ


97

ѩ׷, Х, ɽеľů𡣡
Ϊ, ĽҲˡ
ͷŻ
ƽʱɢ, Ҳ붯֡
ִ䣬͵֮ˡ
Ľϸʣ֮ô˵
룬Ժǻˡ
ĽӣֻҪ취ܱѶࡣԺʹ˵ڰװ֣ǸЦСѾͷᷭˡ
Цһ, ³ʮˣҸĸϲĲˣ˼Ϊ˲ٻЦء
ҵ, ȴС
į, 谲ο, л, Ȼ㲻ߣһ֪ǰģԺ󿪿˵, һǽĸס
Ľ˵˾ãةĽ̵¶ϳϽֶŮһ, ѳϸὫҲѾ֪˴¡
ʣĽɻã
£ܹмܵģһĽסˡ
ƻ֪ĽأճŮȥӡ
Ľ˵֮ǰǼղȥշ±ĺȥֻȥѳϹ˺ٶȻȥ̰Ϣ֪ƶʮˣ޷ҵҪ̲ϵסʱ
ĽﵽСǻȥͰ׽ˡ
ãḺָ̌ǲԡ
˵ôб¡Ľһʵ˵̸
ûеģʺݡ˵Ȼввÿɴˣֻģް취
˵ǳ׽Ϊ˵ǵõġֻΪ£ϵķҲãֻǻʺֻһĺӣȻȥˡ
壬ҵ˼ȷ룬õġ
ôӣǰвֻңôܶҶأĽ룬ô𣿺õ˭ᰮ
ֻ֮ѵû취вķУǾôֺ˻ˣ϶ܲ˵ġ
ĽϴЦЦ˵㲻ҪҵõģҲܵõġƢԲͬϲһϲ֮ûôã˲֪㻹֪ܲһôľŻɽΪңҿǶ㲻ֶˡ
Ȼ֪ǳļǵá
ĺòģҸܳġûŻɽ֪һ˰һŮˣӵôɰһŮͺҵģ㻹˵㲻ã
ĽȻ§һ𣬡Ʋ㺢ӵֲֹһ
ȻǵһˣǲͬģССʱҴûпǾ뵽ǵĸϧҲΪǵĸֻΪҵĺӡ겻ͬҿͻ뵽㣬ĸ㣬ȻҲϧûġ
ĽΪģ֪жۺӣ˵ŮݣԼֱϻ˯
ݼô
ţ뵽ĺӣúҸ꣬һǰ˵á
Ľɻ󣬡ʲô£
꣬һ̵ССһ̵ѧϰϣ㲻Ҫֹ
ô˵µϿ϶ôɹܷķ̵ҿĻôֹ㣿ȻŮӿԶ飬ƽжٻ׼ȥֻΪ˷ǮձȥѧͶǵĸм̵ϾŮӲڳһΪȻᱻءܶŮҪúý̵ֹ鷽棬ҲҪ̲ܽźá
ΪŮñܸԲǰ˵
ĽϾùͷˣ̵ѧϰܽƷܸʲôϵֲǶ˻ϴ·ʲôģûбҪزҼǵʱ򻹱ޱȥʮʱ޻ְֽ
ûͺãСʱ̵ţĸײͬ⣬òʡ
Ľ뻹¶ˣǹҲҪ˼֮飬̫̫ظˣ
ôá֣һȥˡ
ڹ£ճΪʺʱ̫εĶһжҪعأ㲻ͨ飬ҵʱ룬ز˶ѵй𣿱˶ĹҾòΪʲôܸı䣿Ҫձ˶ִУ޻˵ˣ͸ǶģҲԹپͻᵯң˵Ҳʺ֪ôôʺ𣿡
֪ǰǳ٣Ҳ˽⡣
ϴ
̫ǰҶھ⣬źЩģֻҪûԹ٣Ǳ˽¿ϻѡŮˣǵ˭˻ӹҶûڰﶯֽš˼Ӻδĺʱһ־ˡΪʲôʱ޸ҵİȫ̫ˣҵĶΪ̫ӣҶ궼Ƕмӣ֪Ҫʲô֪ҡҳڰҲڹһЩ·ţӶӰ顣
˵ЦҰҵӹˤ˵Ϻݺݼ̤һ֮ǰҼһûʺöϱŮĸ󣬵֪޵ıҲŷҴشˣδԲңƾʲôҪ˶Դ̫ʲôЦǣڷ͹ҹȥȻÿβʱҾŷ֡
ĳõ֪һк
±ޱεƭı
Ĵ
ǰƽ֮ȻδȥҲ֪̫ӵյ¡
Ľϵʱĺ¼ˣҲǶд˰ץͻĽҵġ
Ǹʱһ˵̷ˡ
˵ֺڣⲻǷϻһ
ʱû̷еʱôǰģ
Ľ˵˵Ҳ֪϶ǲԸģʱҲûһ𡣡
ĽֻЦŻЩ˭ں
ʣǰźһذ
̽ӸǺã˫һ§˯
Ľش𰡣˵˵ľҿһ¡
׽ס֣Цʱ̫òǵˡ
Ľϴյ˵ǻĶ𣿡
۾֮ɫָֻܿƽȫ벻ˣ뵽ֻ㡣
Ц§ĸˡ
ӵ˯ţ׵ɽУֻз졣
ʱԼû˯ôҪ뿪ˣ
̿ѾϨˣڻδȫ
϶񣬰ñҲϡ
·СЩ𻬵ˡ
˱裬ɿʱ±סһ֡
ͣƬ̣Ľϲſֿ
صĽңִߴϽ·̻عŸϵʱǰ
Ľ΢¯ůů֣Լϵ·ȡ¡
װ̻ȥ
ĽĴûԶ⣬ոչȥ𣿡
Ľ˳߿ȥţôˣ
ϳԼء
ȷ
ƶū׼ûۻ϶ԼϳֳҪŰݷðɣ
ġĽҲ֪ةôڱ»ɵĽڹϣǴ죬ôܵĽҵţʲô·ɡ
ǳŮŮ϶ḮģƲߣ˲ڸʲô£
Ͳ֪ˡĽҲûʲôȤ£ʱĪ˵ǴˣҲŽ̵ģ˵̫ðˡ
Ҳǣ˰˳ɶ֪˲ڱԺסˡ
ʵϣةѾ֪Ľ̰ˣȥҹĽˣûˣﲻˡ
ȻҲµȥ˺δӣҲûҵʲôģôһԵˡ
Ϊ⣬һҹةû˯á
ȷĽԣʱĽҵš


98

ة֪ĽȱԺý, ˲Żǰ, ûĽ, ҲûκΪţûб˵뷨, Ͼˣôܻţ
ΪŮԵʣŮŮߵЩ뿪ڼҴסˡ
Ҳ滺ĵķꡣ
·ĽſʱةԼ鲻ûеõ⣬Ӿˡ
һ·δͣȥԶͣ, ˹˺߿ھƣɫ谵ʱߡ
پĽſʱةס
Ľ̵ĴĽƴ
Ƽة
Էͣ, Ľƴǰ˹̸֮, ةԼݳ, ϶ǶС
Ǽ䲻Ը֪, һ˶
Ľƴµʲôµµʲô
תҪظ֮, ةס
Ľƴֹ΢΢һЦȴû˵
ܡᣬĽһ𣿡
Ľƴ֪˵Ĺϵ, Ȼ˵ʲôɫ߲˽ʲôĻ
ùĸסլԺδ˲ǵһʱδȥͱˡ
ԷһͷĽƴȥϡ
ӵĻһʱЩò⣬˼Ľ̸еңСʣ֪㲻Ǳסˣ·Ǹʱˣ˵Ҫ㣬Ҫȥ
ĽһϲԭƵʧĸɸɾŮҪ
֪Լ⣬Ҫȥһɣ֮ǰסıլԺ㣬ʱǰ
Ľ̸Ͻסһ·֪Ҫةѯʲô𣿡
ûأʲô
Ľ֪ةΪҪԼ϶ҪΪûкˣΪ˻ˡ
֪ϲ
һ·ϵ˱լԺſڣӳţϳſڵȴš
δأǲû
ģҪô᲻Ľ̴нӹ˿϶ˣһȥˣҲȥͷϵŰɡ
ֹзԸūһ
֪ˡ
Ľ̽õţŵƳȥ
ȿߣǴߣˡ
Ľ̶ʲôͱһ˻һɣڵأʱϨ˻
ɤӿڣǼϢԼľ
ˡôƣ
δشĽ̰ͷ̧𣬡ˡ
ûĿ籩С
Ľ˵ϻǲû֪ظסˣ
ôôʧأ
ûֻˡ
˵⻰ʵþϲ
㶼ôˣ
㲻㡣ﱻʰˣҾͲµ㱻˰Żظˡ
ĽƣȴµϣӱȦס
Ժҵסˣٸ֮ǰǰסͷˡ
ةףֻǵİΣֻűˣΪġ
ס棬ȥ⻰ĸס
ĽһºӦǺ⣬ЩޣãֻǾס棬ҲסˣȰȥ֮ǰסıԺլٰˡ
ûرʵ𣿡
ҡͷʲôҲʡ
ģȻ˵˵ģҲǰʡ
Ľ̴δʱ֮죬ƺδദ೤ʱ䣬ͷˡ
Ǹûȥˡ
ãߡ
ةóҩƿҩõĿЩ
ĽսһȣһúĨġ
߰ɡ
ȥ𣿡
õ˿϶Ĵ𸴺Ľڴ뿪
ةҲˣʱͣԼıԺС
ôҲḮˣϾֲûס
߻ȥû뵽ڵԼ
ԣصų̸
ôôˣ
ռԼҲٺú̸̸һֱΪ¶ԴΪصģھȻΪ˸Ůգöʵ޷⣬ѵұҪ֪֪Լڸʲôѵ֪¶֪Ľ£ֱʵĻɣ
ةڷϵָһûһµôţϵΪ֪ҳΪ̫̫ʱ㲻ǻҲҪۣ˵ʲô˸ı˵ʲôܷ̫ӵµõҵеģ˵ĽնʮȨһʤû̫֮λͱסˣЩǲ˵ģ
˵ģʱӵ˼ʲô˼ڱҪʱ׿ѡһ·ߣǱҪʱ𣿱ǻû֤ݡС쳤̾׻˵ңʱô˵ģ˵мҸ³˵мı㣬ıҲͰˣ¶ˣɶԭҼǵġ
˵⣬ۿ΢죬ңֻиϲĹҲкϲĹ֪̫ӵǱߵʱʲôҪҲҪһ뷨Сأ֪ĽΪʲôӽ֪ⶼйļıһͷ˽ȥ
ϲǹ˭
𣺡֪
ϲδزɡ
⻰մȲ˵ԷԸԸ⣬Ը⣬ѵҸѹıⲻ𣿡
ة㶣룬ϲĹĪǡƽ
֪Ľ̾м㣬֪ġ
Ǳ𣿡ղ˵һҵۣ
ةһΪѰ˼ƽǾסڹǾסŲ˵ֲˣҲûôǲϴˣ
Ǽ٣û˵أʶ˭˵⣬壬ҷĽ֮޹أϣؿǣҪͷ
֪㷴ԵҪԭʲôΪΪ룬ЩҶ֪ة˼Щ㲻֪֪

Сᣬ֪̫ӵȥһ궼ЩΪ𣿡
֪ôʣ϶Ϊ˸Щ֪¡
븸ʾ
Ȼʱ򣬾ǵĳŹصһֱ磬ڹرյӹرճͿԿһǷⳤ̫ƽȣ֪ġ
վЩĪף˵̫ӵô˵ˣ
֮˵㣬ȻڳŹرһʱ䲻䣬һƽͣƽͣһࡣ
ף˼ˣֻǵľӱȨ󲿷ֶڱţʣµһСҲЧĹԱС̫ӵ£̫ˣʵǱµĶ֡
ة̾˿ȻǵһСֱȨѾ䵽̫ӵˡʹĽָʹҲˣϵĹԱһ붼ˡ
ⲻܣƾ룬Ҳ˾һڸЩ˵ЦɣôĵΪ̫ӵ£һȨƣʲôģƾʲôЧ
Ҳ֪ôģ֪ʵò˵ԽûţԽǴ󲿷˾ޣɽ䱸;裬Խ
ô֪ģĪ̫ӵ¸ģԸĻ
ةϣûж˵ʲôô֪ģ㲻ùܡ

99

˵Щȫ޷ŷֱԲ, ĽҵԲض˵, ǰ, ̫ӵ糯֮󣬱¶̬ȻһĿȻ, ˭ڳ˭𣿱ºεȳǸ׼̫ӵƤӵ½Ȩƣ¶Ŀڶ࣬ȫ̸ף
˵ЩΪγûة̹ϣʵҲ˺ü졣
ȻţҲ֪ԼĸײߣֻԼ޷ʵ˵ˡ
Һܺ游׿еʵ̫ӵôģѲÿԱŮ磿˵Դ, ȻǣŮ˻ûϡȱ̶ȡŮ˿ȹȨƣȴֻȨ, ϾĹԱҪȨƲҪ˵ĲҪ̫, Ҿһ
, Ŀʹ, ֪ϲĹƽʱ뵽ı;̶ֹ󣬺пܻ֮, ϲҲӰ쵽֡ЩԱƵŮ˾磬Զһϲ˹ˣ˵ʵһҶԸ׺ʧ
ة⻰˵һ, ˵ⷽԭ򣬵ȫǡҸ˵ģѾ˽ϴı仯Ҫ꣬¹֮ǰй䡣
ճĬ֪ӵĹζʲô
¼ƫ£ȷʵ뾩ȥءѯʣ˵ô̫࣬ӵӦǸϲµˣ¸ûϵ𣿡
ҵõϢǸйء
ﲻһƵĵ¸µĹϵҲܺãΪʲôҪ֣
ةĿ֪
һԼĸףղĵʣķҪĽﲻҲŮˣ෴ӻ֧ҸͻݵģҲϹҰɣҸ΢ǽܴһģǺĸ׵ʱҲ˳ôÿĹңƫ˸˼ģִĿĽӽϲȫͼеȨơгһ޹ְԸôĸԸĸ𣿡
ҾԸ⡣ֵһ죬Ըˣǡ
ףĸ׵ʱʲôǵαװжȫȻͲĽǵڶ
ٿˣˡ
ǿ챻ˣǿˣ˵ʲô׶ȥ
㸸ףοôةο㲻Ҫڲˡ
հֻ̾Լ֣οӶôܡܿҾҪһ¿Сˣײĸײ
ة
*
һ磬Ȱ׸𴲾
˵ʱΧڻ߿
ôһݣ
һѾ𼸷Цݣװףȥӱҿ
ûͷ䣬Ⱦƶܼš
֪֪㱳ұҼҵĳǺݺһ٣˵ǰڴһ
ˡȰЦ˵ԺҪҰæĵطܿڡ
շתԼֱģõԺھһҪæҲҪʲôȥһΪҸ죬֪ʲô棬ҳ⡣
òƽɣ
һY𣿡
ȰĲӣôô
ҶYô֪˵ƽ
Ȱ̯֣Ѳ㲻ϲ𣿡
ϲϲ֪ҲҲûʲôδģְݣΪ㲻ⷽ롣
ͷ˭֪ã㲻һ𣬵Ϊϲˣȥ̽һҲ֮飬𣿡
ռץס֣װף̫ˣҪǸŮˣҿ϶ȢΪޡ
Ȱ˦֣Ц˵˾
ǱŮӣ治һܰʲôæôԼˣǲ˵һô
Ҳ˵죬бɵǰŵǹŰݷãžʹµĶˣȻ̽Ȼ㿪ˣȻ㣬㲻Ҫʲô黹Ĳֻ⡣ȴůˣһĸ򸮾һʫʻᣬʱȥʱ㲻Ϳȥļˣ
ϲ⣬װף̫ˡ
˵֮ǰңûңͳ⽻飬ȻҲġȰ״ӹˮݸģʲô˳ĵ㶼ȷһߣĵ㡣
úܶˡ°ͣ˵ҲϲƽȨ׾ò㣬ҵʱͬ˵ĻԼΪϲŲԸôġ
ڲͬǻˣ
ǣֻͬǱҸԼˡһֱϲ˭һ𣿶ôʱҲϲ˭˵ãｫ˭һǧһ顣˵ã͵ͬ˵Сү۹ⲻ𣿡
ȰʧЦֹһǰ˵ˡ
ż˼Ρһλ˵˶ԷǸ˵ҲˣҵۡӦǸˣȻպߺ֪֪СүĿڲжá
˰ʱˣȰ׻ȥ˵˰æ֮¡
ˬĴӦˣ˵仰ʲôأС°ˡ
Ȱ׺ڰ׷Ҫ֪Һӵĸף϶ᷢɱĺС
᲻Ϊ
Ҳû˼ҲᣬС᲻ᡣ
ιĺŵ࣬Ǻá
첽·⿴ȥƼɫүһ¡
Ȱȥ˾ֻܿҳȥһˡ
ʲôȥ
ɫ࣬ºͣҳ£˵
Ҫߣס¡
øϣĺܣ֡
Ȱ׽ӹæ뿪
֪һʱǼˡ
ʵǹģĪ֮ȥ̽һϢ
֪¼ʮȫεʱ˺һŻ
ı棿
ǧȷҿһˣڶ۷׷סĪֵ֮ȥ˲̲ˣǱõĽȥģ߾͵ɱ
ץϵʯأ֪ˣȥɡ
ǣ
ɫѯʿҪعȥĽǶٴ̽̽ûȥ
Ȱ׻Ͷ֪
һֱţ캥ʱżˡ
ûҵ£ѯʣ˷
ʲô˼ʳġ
ҡͷϴˮţѾͷ˯ˣȥԵġ
Ȱֹз磬ȥˣҲ
ô᲻˵ô·ʲôģš
˵Űϵã֮ŵҡ
棬ſӸ˵˸ǰ
ϴˮѾˡ
ﻹС
Ȱ׶룬˿ֿ˿˵ů
ţȰ׳ȥʢһ롣
ȵɴϣȰֲ˵ٺϾǰ̨һֱСĽ׻ǰһˣٸ̫ӵµű䵽˱ûκָǸ̫ӵµģ˱¾֪˭ȴҲ޷̫ӵµ
ӵǡǸ̫ӵġ
²Źûģ˴κֹκ˽ϼӿ


100

֪Ǹӵ, ǰ, ܷ񿸵ס˵
ҪЮ, 𣿡
Ȱӣȴз, ٺָָ̫ӵ£¶Źҡ
֮£Ҫ졣
ܡ
һ֮Ȱߵͻ˵ıǺεȴʱ˭Ϊ˵һ仰ͻᱻ¶Ϊһ֮ˣȲٰԼȥҶɵ
ֻĿȫұһ취û𣿡
Ϊ
˵ĸֺ, û˵ˡ
գïıҪ׷, ҲĿǰΨһμٵĹԱ
ʵҪʲô, ï, ҲҪĽ
صҿȰ, ɵ˵ãʡȥˡ
ȥ鷿ï, ֪Ϊٵıҵģ˵ʲôҲҸ붼롣ƽʱĹԱĸΣ֮ǰԶ, ǲڿˣ
ΪΪ취Һ첻øӲøеĵյ֮ˡ
ï⵹û뵽㲻Ϊģ
ǡ
Ǿͺãʡҷ𡣡
Ȱװѻ˵ǰͷȻΪףҾøҵĻǻᷢ𡣡
üʲôˣ
Ȱ˫ϥ£Ŀⴹŵ棬Ҹ˸ײ¡
㣬ïͷĬòʣҡ㡭㱳ҡΪ̫ӵ¡
δɫȻޱأ㵱ǰˣ
ǡ
֮еһ˦Ȱ׵ϣѪ˿ǸŭĵǳıӵˣһȫҶǲǣӡ
ïĿڽŲ£ɫ׽ӣٲȻòᡣ
ױ۹⿴̫ӵˣڵ֪ײܰæҵΪʲôҪʱ̹ϸͲ֪ԭ𣿡
ïδ˵ʾ˵
мλ̫ӵµˣΪ˴ѹиɵһЩ̫ӵ¶֪Ҳ֤֣Խչ٣ûôҪǲҲܵʲôӰ졣ּδ˳ڶӵ봲顣
ïһûʲô
Ȱ˳˵׿϶֪ΪʲôҪ֧̫ӵ£Ҳ븸ֱԭܸ½ֻ̫ӵ£ҪôԼվˣҪô̫̫СҲϲһ̫ӵµͬƽΪҸġ
ïɴ۾𾪵Ŀþû˵
ƺȥͦʱ䣬ŲΡΡڣ̫гϢˣ֪֪ƽɻζʲô
Ȼ֪̫ӵѾʾȡĴҵӵ;ܵӰ졣Υ׵ԸһǴģܸ񣬶ӶҸ˵ûץ̫ӵµҲͰˣץ˱һȷѪꡣ
פľӺͻʹڵĽǱ£̫ӡ
Ȱ㣬Ӹô˵ضжӵԵɣ˵
ӵվͳһï˳̫ӵ£ıʱ˿ҵΪõʲô֪Ŭʵֻ֡ӷͬСɣ԰⼸ǣ
ïӹɨһۣ˾֮ǰʦ֮⣬жԺʷ¼лĸӡ
ĸӵʱ˾ʲô˼
޷ٰʾǸԪġ
²̫ӵ½ô̫ӵ¿塣
״ԲӡȰ׽̫ӵͲһ·ˣ޷ڱ̫ӵάѺðˡ
˵ԵȺٸظĸһƣŽոбضܲʹ죬ӾͰѺӸ˻ﱻ쳱šԸһۣھͱԸƣҾͲڼҳԷ׵ˣˡ
ïΪúӾҵˣ룡
ԣһ´ǵѪͻȥˡ
תͱһվס
Ѻӱ
Ȱ׻ͷײһ֮°ѺӸˤ˰ɣ
ïһţҪˤҲˤ㡣
βһȥ
鷿Էĸϣаӡϼʣ㸸Ϊʲô㣿
û˵׷ʣڼҳԷ
Ͼͻ
ϿïүΪʲô
ô򡣡ïνпԣʡ
ϼ䲻ͷ첻ٶʲô
ȰװѺӱϸǰʱ˵ĽӹѽҵС𣿡
ïȥֵһԼĶӣôСӳһ
ү⻰˵ġϺܲ⻰ǼȰ׵ĶӣȰײǺһ㲻ҲŲأ
˵⻰ĺӾͿæ˻ΣС࣬ĸˣҵСˣ޲ް
ûֹס˵ˡ
״Ȱȥţ
ȹ֮룬һֱźӣһСιţïԱ쳤˲ӿ
ǶˣԾɲ߸µĺӰֲʱƼĸʱĸµġһĲأʱĺڷĶˣҵСһܰװֽ󡣡
ƵƵСĺζˡ
ճԹܼͨ˵дҪ˵
ںԺţʲô£
ܼһïĻүźܽء

ǡ
ϲ飬Ѿ˷Ůˡ
ţȿ˸ϱһӣҲ֪˭
Ŀ䵽Ȱ׵ϣһЦѽôˣ
ƳҪûʲô˵͹غԺȥ
˭˵ûУ˵ţĻøïףϣ˭
ïĿ䵽ֽʱһϸһ
滭˾滹дһ䣺[̫ӡ]
֪ǲǱúˣï侲ĺܡ
׻ðɣףϣһЩֶдҴ
ïϣ˹ճһŵĻӵϣ˵˵ô£
С˯֪õ߲ѣôҷҵĶ
ȥ鿴˭֪㲻ܿ𣿡
˵ʲô˿ĺӣûſڡ
ϣïɫæϴ
Ժ׼ٻ׼дĻ
СӦ£Ϊ׻ԼһټҷïûС
һغԺ
ףϣ𣿾ôŹˣ鲻⣬
ˣïĲѣȥ
ֻˣϣƳһĬȰף磬лҪ˵һ¡


101

ԺһƧض, ϣѯʣ׿֪Ҳع֮£Ŷִ𣿡
޹ءȻû˵, ȻȷѾ֪, ŲµΪԻͳڲˡ˵ˣȰֵ̫ӵδ, 㲻Ҫʲôˡ
ûʲô֪Ҽ޵¡
Ȱֱԣ֪ô¶ϲ˾֪ɣ
֪ʲôǰ𣿰ǲ鲻Խġϣ۾¶ʹ֮ɫʲôҶҾ̫ϲˡ磬ʱ룬ЧҵĲ¶̫ӵ, ǲδ޾ͻˣ
㡣ȰȷĸЧҵ̫ӵ£̫Ҳ㡣
ѵҲ𣿡
ⲻ粻ܾ, ûбĻҪ˵ͻȥɡ
ֿ, Ȱ׻, žͼïź, ϶˼͡
̧ͷһۣɫ࿴, ٻꡣ
ȰԱ£˼ʾãǸǶӱ, 븸Ҫ
˵ıȳĺҵ⣿
Ӿĸ⻰߱˵үСɣٰҵСſˡ
ï˵һӣģĽţûϴˡ
ʲộҶŮѵֻ׼ǺӣϴӹǣһӣԺҪ
˵ͷԺ˵游СԹԣĸѽЦЦˡ
ïæ߳򣬸ϲתȥӣ
ִһȰ˵ҪˣΪİѺӵݸ˵һЩԼ֮򲻿ĸ׺ԶʳһҪ嵭
ĸףͱ߶ˣЩǶ֪
ϵͷ֪ͺãذɡ
Զ̾˿סһá
ï˫ֺߵסһӦǲסһסһԺܵģСϱɲյʡ͵ĵơ
үγԣĪˣ
ïһüӲϧ͵ӡɻŮˣʲôŮˣ
ֻҪȰ׺úùӲ̫ҲУȰµˣиͷԼ򵥵ױãſģĸصģȨƣ޵ĸȻҷġ
ïһۣ˵ʲôˡ
ص鷿ϣ̾˿
糯ϼʶ˾ӦҲ۲ʵΪλ̫жʤȡûλ
С˾ĽҲСˡ
ƽʮֿϵĵչĽΪصĶӸˣ
ԸʲôǣϸģںˣĶͣԼȻΪһˡ
Խܣȴֲòʵ
*
˰ƵȰһʱţźס
ȼؽš
㸸׷һֱֵģ˵ȷʹġοһֱܳΪ̫ӣþ̫ˡ
Ȱױ۾˵ڸѾû·ˣΪɣ֮ǱȫұȫԼ׺ף֪Чҵ̫ӵ£ԼҲֻǵڶĽңҵ綼סġ
Ǽǣ׮УƱػӳʱ䣬Ԯаġ
֣ӳұʱ䣬ܲ켺̫ӵ¶һõ£Ȼ̯£ֻܽƾͼơ
£ȼϷš
ĿһֱԼ½󴦣ܵ¿ѽһæ𣬰Ѽһߣæĵ޲ȡ
Ϊδιӣӱ͸ˡ
´ȥ·ȥ
§ۿ޵ĺӽʱִߵʱ
һ˲˵Сүˡ
ɡ
˵£һֽһʹ
ӺֹܿޣԸ·޲´Էھϣź֮ȥˡ
һȰףȻ鶼ˮˣٷ
Ȱ׵ֳȥóԹԽϡ
ȷͿĨҩӡۺˡ

ıΪǣҶǣȻҲֻ
Ժʷ¼ƶƱҪӽ˾һ֮һ򾡡
̫ѵˣú˲Թϳ̫֮λЩĵĹԱ
Ԥһ»ᱻǣĹԱȴΨûԼȥ
ߵʱ¼Դµģ֪ıԼʲôϵ
ֲ˾ˣ
¼ûٶָأ˵ǰǾΪ˵һЩ֮ԡ
Ѳżң鷿һŮõķʵʹ֮鵽ͷϡ
޵֪ŭѲɾססѵ¼塣
ɹص֮ïŶ㱨˵йҪ͵Ԫ
Ϊɵ£Ϊġ
ޱģȴ̫ӣΪֻǱ̫ӽá࣬ӣʶʱ޻ᷢ䣬ú
˼Ԫ˰˾ǧ˿ƵĹϵ
ïĻʵתȥ
ԪԩԼ
һ˵˾йأԼɾͳװ϶ˡ
οԪϸˣ˵ԼҲû֤ݡ
տƾ˾Լûһ˿˿Ļϴˢԩˡ
ı˭óûбˡ
븸һҪԼ˾̫֮λ
ˣԪҧأǸԼģ˵˾йϵ
ʮȥû˿ҲͰˣ˾֮ǰʦԼлǣı
֤ݶȰóģïֻա
ۿǣĹԱ࣬ЭïԼÿնڹעչϣĺϢ
̱ڴλûδŹԱΣɴΪ¼ٱؽΣԺʷ󸱶ʹλҲ˳ְλټʮλس顣
ΪȺӻῶ㼺Ͼǰ漰Ҫְѡ⣬ʽķܲ٣ԸͱΪ
δԱ˵˼ǺǽѡΪʵġ
Ƕ֮޸Ҫȥӣͨ˵нҪڵ
ǽҪ£͸޴ƹʱٳ
ټˣȥ
¡ĺһһҪ
һָھԼһλôֹ˵
һԹԵʺ׼Ǳȥôͷ檶У檾Թԡһ³Ҫ˵˵ƽзٹƵϣ佫ߵģ񣬻

102

ǰµ, ϸһʣڹ, Ȱΰģ
ָʾ˺ȥ, ˻ʹͱˡ
ЦЦŶ, ΪʲôȰ׺ͳȥȰΪʲôҪ
˵䡣һòŮҷϡΪʲô˵ΪѰҽҩ䣬ôΪƽ
Ȱô֪нҩģĪڶ֮ǰȰԼļƻ
֮ǰͰܻʵⶼһ飬˻ش
⳼Ҳ˵Ҳ֪ô֪ġ룬һǴʲôط֪зѣƽһ, ̲µΪ
ƽֻĲ룬޸ݡҩƹֵ˽, ǴȰǶ֪ġ˵Ȱ, ޻֪ô¡һ˵, ޲, ǲȰױ˼ܾڵ֪ɻⱨ
һȫû뵽ܿ˵Ҳ, ʵϣڸ֪ɻһ£Դס󹬱ʺϼӿ, ˵ŻֻǸŮɡСڳ߳󣬳ʵ˷˺ôѵҵһǱ󹬡ǳ檾¹ش󣬹غҶԱµЧңҲðűʹΣ֪¡
˵ֵ˲ˣˮʱһֱԱסһԺӣû˼ʲôŮˣΪֹҲû֪ƽģ檲뵽ںɻţլԺҲǱߣҾ빫ܽûгǰź֮·ͨأƽԲΪɳӹŶûֻɺ𣿽Ժʹһ˵ĻܵûпܱأΪںԣҲ֤ʵںϸһԸΪԵ𡣡
Ļûзŭ˹֤ʵûкԵҲѡ㲻ǻɳǰź֮⻹б·ͨ޾ȥ鹫⣬Ȱ׽Ӹ޺һơɼλ̫ҽȥƽ̫ҽԺļλ̫ҽ˵Ļأ
ȻЩ޻̸֮һһԣҲʲô¡
Ҫ˹ȥпϲæ˵˼λ̫ҽ֣ÿŵġ
޷ֱ˽ȥ鹫ټȰ״޽ʥеļλ̫ҽȥΪ
£˼ְġ
׼ϵ֮δ߽
Ҫӣ¡
ֳ˲ͷƺһ˲ͻᱻȥ
֪ޱ˴Ǳز֪ˣҲǱˣôʱˣһθĹµĻɺã£ʱ޿̲㣬̷㡣
δҲδĻ
¡
졣
ĬĬȥ齱£ŲԶޣޱȻǸĻʵۡ
ʵԼΪϣԼתһЩ
Ӻͨ£ʺˡ
֪ζûʺ
˵еıʣվƹſȥ
Ľϴһѩ׶£ëΧĲٶ룬˻ʺеĽΡ
һ񣬡ű˽Ͷ̫ҽȥ˹ݳһʳʲô£
޼תһ˵Ļ
ԭĽϲŲæȥ£Ȼƽ١Ů䣬Եֻǰ㣬Ҫγ̰أ
齱񣬡ﲻʵƾ´á
ǿ϶ƶǶԵġ
ǲǶԵģʺд𰸡
Ľϲͷޣ£˵ʵ㻹ֻͷ𣿡
Ĵݵšüѵƻ˵ǼٻԼˣ
ʺ֮Ӧδأ
׼κȥ֪ȥΥټ̰檽¸λִá
ɫ䣬˿˵⻰Ľֿ˿ޡ
ҵܿõͣΪĬˡ
ʱλƱضӰ죬޲ôģĽ֪һġ
Ϊʲô֪ô˵ˣΪ˵ֻǽ㣬˵˾Ͳֹǽˣᰤ
ʺĽ޻ῼǵģһȷһǴģȽǡ
ĽӦһδ
Եޣ߷ֽ£㿴ʺ㼱ģδ檶ˡ
ʺ޵ô˵
޼ĽϺô²ʵˣѾô
߬Ϊ޵Ļɬţͼٽˣͨǰļλ̫ҽˡ
ǽ
λ̫ҽ룬ڵۺǰԶվһ¹
˵ѯʽ̫ҽǵĻʧ
ƽȷĲҲ鲻ᡣ
˾ƽ
ƽ˵֮ǰܳһʱ䶼´ԺʹѾ´·ˣѺת˲١

̫ҽûһҲˣδڹֳⷢǰź֮İͨ
޷²豭ˣ㻹ʲô˵
ɥһ˼ֿ⣬䲻û𣿡
䣬پͨ˵Ѿˡ
֮ȰһŮһֻŮͶʮңݰ׾ɫϵȣһ˴硣
¹񣬴ŮӵĻУ֪أˡ
һƬհףһպԼΪʲôҪƻĹһ߶ԼĴ㷲
ȻûõȣܿȰ״ˡ
£ǳĹƽȰᣬ檸Ըܷ
ϣԼ̬ᷣԼһЩδ̧ͷޣĿһ
㵽Ľ죬ʮƹʩ̡
̱ڵϣһɷްѪɫû뵽ôء
ʮӳôܵס
¡
ﲻʵ޴áԸܷ֮Ļ˵㻹ʲô飿ȥԸȥԼѡ
עӵϻһĽϳȥˡ
£÷ѼӺ֪ڸģ˷ˣϳͲС
һ޲ʡ
Ѿ̫ʱ䣬ˡ
˸վͱס˸첲Ľϱȥϡ
ѻ̫߲࣬źޡ
ĽЦŵͷд⡣
ô˵ȴˣֲһ˶ռˡ
תһЩ߰ɡ
ĽƳһ٣һζĿ⡣
̩ĴţĽ˷뵽̵
ȥ󹬡
ƻʼٸߣ㻵µˣǵ֪ѩֹǰ׵ģǺġ

103

Ľϵĳƻͻ̻̲
˹ڵ, ͷĺܵ, һ۲ҿϵŮˡ
Ǳ½㵽Ľ, ʮ̡㣬˵, ˵ĸôأ
彻ӵƻ΢ֹ֪ĽǲŹԼġ
ȥĽ⻰Ƕƻһ˵ģ֪ԼҲ𷣣뵽ԼܵĿڣʺūһ¿ظ棬ΪϢ, ϧšÿղǴū澾ū澣ūʵܲˣ￪Ҫūٷˣ
˵ְƻĴ, , Ȼˮң
ūû, 𣿡, ū澾Ҷ˵ٻ
ƻֱ׳˵ĸŮҽ֮
ȷʵ֮, ĵȷȷū֤ݣ
ĽϼƻҪֹ֣, ʲô֤ݣ
Եȣūȥȡ
ɻԼסķ䣬ֻܿ£˫ƻ£뿴մġʼÿһ·϶ֶūֻ֪һÿźˣū澾ͻ֮ǰص·ó»µ·¸
Ľȥ˲üͷֻ½󴦲˵ĺۼ
˱𣿡
ɿ˵ū澸߶꣬СС±˲ټȻҲⲻ˵ġԼϣһʼūȥū澼ûÿҲû󣬲ֵգԼϵġԴ󹬣˵ʵһ춼ȥˡ
˭
ɵ֣£ҶԼΪϲ䡣
󹬵Ǽ˽Уʮʱֵأ뵥һʲô죬ֵڼɢƻлɳˡ
Ľϸһʻˣطһֱ·Ůӣʱ䳤ǱЩиֵصԱ˱˯ǳе¡
֣ȥѴʵ㱨£رָʾҾͿŰˡ
ҵƻԹǰеĽǰȰ󣬡ĸ󣬶ˣֻҪѴ¸߸ʣˣ
Ľϵͷʹ޵һСü˵ɵӣ㸸֪֪£ĸ⴦㰡ֻô֪˻á
ץסƻ콫һЩĽϴյߣý˵㺦ʽ㲻˵⻵ĸ£ôģΪϢܴȥˣڽˣûȳȥطˡ˵滰ôϧ㸸ʲšѾʽܳ˻飬һأɵѾͷ㵱ĸ֪֪ĸҲ֪㲻أδĸˣԺ͵ĹȥףΪĳȶ㹱ף𣿡
ƻͫСɷ׵촽飬Ы
ĽϲգЦһ£ôô˵ĸأĸôҲûҪ
Ȼɿƻˣɪֹ
ֺܿˣ˵ȫȨûرָʾ
ˣĴ׷Ĳÿʮȥƻʮ˺֮ÿճ˯ԷϾʱ֮⣬˼ʱʱ䳭档⿴֮ȫɹŮ֣ؽ˭͵ضط
ƻһΣɲסֲҷйŭˣ˿̷ԶֹЩˡ
ѯʣŮأ
æۿͷ󿪶ͷĳѪ
ĽԵɣҷйͲˡԺǱʹŮŮֵտǵãκΥΪȱ㡣
ϲлūл￪ū澾Υģ
һƻ˹ȥ
Ŀ̹̺Ľϲ뿪󹬡
ԲԼֻҪһ뵽ԼŮƻʲ
ȥ󣬲ĻǼٵģܿ
ֻ˾˸˿ţ䲻Ҫģᴦá
һ̣ĽϺһ
ԼҪྡˡ
ȥ̩ʱŵĲҡ
ص͹Ц˵泩
Ľڴ£üһЦ֣˵ڻӸһֱִ𣿡
ǲôˡְǰΪ䴷ȣͲ˵ǰ㣬ܽڹô괦ľ֮ˣֻʱ̫£̫ˣټϱǳޱȵαװĺ˻ʲô̫ӵ£СʹϻۣȻƤЩ̫ӵ£ū澻ǵ˵̫ӲñʧԹá
룬ܱǰôٵİԺģϽֿܴɵá㿴¶ӣһֱͦ𣿡
˵ⶼ̫ӵ½̵ĺãС͸汾²ķڷ˵Թû̫ӵôϣŮһû£ǰϲŮ죬ֽ̻ġ
ǵչûʲôʵѧЦֻûôҲңҲҡĽҷʡ̫ǰӺǺãʺδĻʵۣ˭̫ºˣЩأΪǹҶݶЩҹȻˣҲá˵ĸʧ𡣡
ū澾Ѿˣֲһ˵ģвжΣΪʲôǴҶûлɹ°֣Ϊ̫ˣ˸޴ӻɡ
Ľһһ
ū澾ﱻôԸˣѵá
֪˵˭˸ֲһ˶һƫҪáҲΪôĸƭҶ԰ûôûʧҲ뿪ңҲңκνҶܳܡ
ùŰʱĽϲȥ̩˸¾ͨ˵ˡ
ټˣ
ûСٷ˽
ĽԾ¶Ա˵ȥһرһ¡
Ц˵ԡ
Ľ˵ˣڷ͹ԡ˺ġ
Щʧ䣬ʺһӶˣ
Ҫµıˡ˵±ֺˣ᲻أ
ҲôˡЦųĽϻ֣ġ
ĽϸûͼӶ˳ȥ
ֹһ䣬˭ϡ
ƿҵţһζ
ڰһɫʻ
ѵһƷ֡
Ľϲþϲ߹δͣȡЬӣҪϴ¶һǣֽͷƿó
һɲǣĽϾ²Ƿˣַ˷ݣɵۡ
ÿ𣿡


104

ĽյʣΪЩ
û, ⱾСʺ󲻿˵֮¡, д
Ƶ, ЩֻҪǵ˿ɾҪˡ
޼һƬ, ΢Զ
Ľϱסʱܵ㿪޵ʮоá
һʱͣ
ʺرϲޡ
ĽϽ߬ŵ΢΢ɿһ˲ס, ϸñ¸ˣʲôдЩЩ̫ˡ
ͷĲ˲䱻ѹȥ, Ĳϲ˾, 
ֱӽ, ȴҲ֪ô, ŭǺ岻ס
檾Ǿ̫ˣµ֣̫, Աֱд˵ʱĳԻʵΪ顣ôæ檲Ҳ֪Ϣʱġ
ɿ, ͣ檲Ϊ念
Ը⻨ʱһǰۿ֡ĿƣʺĲǿ̷ǿûʲô˼˳֮⣬ôŻǰһĸԸأ˵
ȡ˳檰һͷ볼檰ҲĸԸ㣿Ľ۾ˣ檲Ϊһ˶ģ檵ˣǳˣ㶼Ź𣿡
˭˵޲ŹޱȳϿңʺûˣ֪ġ
⻰һ˼
Ľˡ
ͼϣ
ӵľӵһС
Ľѡ·ʱһԭ򣬵ȻⲢȫԭ
ĸ̫ˣ˵Ҫ
ң޵ѡ񱾾Ͳࡣ
Ľ룬ƲԼĶӣĶҲǲῼǵģϾĸǾĻҡ
ʣµĻѡȻƫİŮġ
ʲôᱻƭڶΡ
Ľһ䶼ٽĻ磬ĬǺõβʽ
ɴˣȻתƻ⣬е飬檵»úÿģֻǿ˺»Ὣںδأ
ΪԼղŵĻ˽ȥʼֺԼˡ
ǻ㿴д㿴ģ㿴ˣȻҪջٵģ궪ˡ
ĽϵȻһЦڴͷ
ֽǼõģ鱾ʮҳ
ҪߣĽʣӿǻδߣ
ûУ֪ûʲô£޾ˡ
ĽƳˣ뿴ЩķӦԺŲŸġ
¡
ţ
ϵĻ檺ϲ
۾ѸٷЦ⣬ϲͺá
ҵţĽϰеϣԵƬ̺֮ӵ˻Уȼճɻҽ
*
ʾ޵ȥΪԵ̫ࡣ
ȥĴ֪ġ
˸ӿţҪдκεţٴҲҪдܴű㴫ţ˾ͲҪ
Ȼкܳһʱ䶼δ͹ˣ겻ⶣһʼշĲ¡
޷磬ʱůգι˺Ӻƻ˵Ժɹɹ
õ̲ð˫ֵݵ
һ룬Сܹū澿ʵǿȥˡ
ôˣ
粻λ緹ȥˣ째˻ʹţ˵ٹԱȥţ˰æȥºһͿˡԱټ˽ż찡Ѿ֪ӽˡһȥǴĿ졣국ĸûƵģļ֮޵ͷլס˳棬ɲѽ
ͣ԰˵λĹ˵ûɻ鰡
һ٣ֲĸһ˭֪
ݸ˲˵ʱðңһδװɸˣбݣûִ硣ؼպԻͱФ벻ФҲĲ쳻ҵⷬ˼ԺôԼ
˲侫ˣǡ
ȻȰײΪŮ˶ģ˰ĻбҪôһ£øȰ״š
ǱߵİŽչˣ
صܳˣ鷿ֱ䣬ܷ㡣˵ͽ׼׼׵Ͼסˡ
ǰѺӷԺűȽ׵
һе磬ϴź밢һǰȰ׵լԺ
鷿ӰŽ䣬ѵ˵˻衣
ȿ򴰿ڵλãȷ͸Сİ˯ŵĺŵȥ
ûһ˶ô˵ſãͷŲ߽
˼Цͷλ𣿡
⻰ˣ̽ͷ˿ȷϳûˣųȥ
ǴĿһ£ôȷźѽ
ŵ𣿾һ㡣
˵ĻתȥλĹ˵ȥ
Ӧ³ȥݣѾȥ˵ˡ
һ˻𣿡
ǣūûء
һң쳽˵Ѿ˼˵Ĺˡ
ô˵أ
쳻ش𣺡˵Ҫʲô˵үӵλֻһ˵ģû֮⡣
⻰˵곶һ´ǣõŵıүΪٵİӷѾҲ·š
׵ģĹ͵ķһ˵ĶӣүʱѾԹˡ
һԵİЦеʣķó𣿡
ѿڶûаĺóԡ
Ļش൱⣬˴ʲôʱ
򸮣һʱͻˡ
ȥϢһڵȴš
аʱȰס
Ҫ¾ͱ˻ߵ͸ƣ̸ٵİӣ߸ճ鷿Ǳߴָɩ
ɶˣ
ûУأٰȰ׵Ҹ׺ǳһٰˡ
ƲˣбµͷʩչȥؼԼŮ˵ʲôˣ
Ȱɿ˵Ķԡ
·ȡ£ȥϴҪţ
Ȱ׵롣
붽ԺĹְδµĹԱ𣿡
ˣƳλ飬ԺҸʹΪʷݶʷ˳ͤΪ󸱶ʷǿճλҲɱĹԱˡ
ĶӳΪԺ󸱶ʹǲ
ȰЦ˵û£Ƴǵˡ
ְȥ˽˹ϵô
ܺáһ¼˵˺ܴģϲŭɫ˵ڵĻҪҪ˼Ǹǳˡ
ʣƳĹϵôأ
Ҹϵһ㣬Ƴ˽˹ϵǳĺãǽĹԱһ˺ܳʱ䡣ȰһܳΪ飬ûΪ
Ĵء
ɲ𣿱շĹԱв٣ԭҺܺ潭ΪʲôԸ̫ӵ¡
Լͷϵķȡ£˳ĻʣԭȺܺ棬ڲˣ
ɫԸӣѾ֪ˣȻˡ
ʲô
Ȱ׶Ŀ֪𣿡


105

ĬƬ, һ, ʲô, ˵
ڴߣ˫ֳ, ɤżɣô𣿡
֪
սδﵽĿģ첲һʱûסſϣǿȰ׵°ϣЩǱ
͵͵ЦԼ
˼ʲôҾ⣬ΪΪ
˭ˣʧ󡣡ֹ, һأʲô뷨
Ҷ뷨
Ӳĳۡ
Ȱ׵Ҳû, , Ƿš
һҲ붯, 첲̧ˡ
ɺá
ȰתӵͬʱЦ, ҪɺãΪ
һ죬صѲõ
һ, ֪ġ
ѵϨ𣬹ԹɵȰԱߣ§, ֽץ£ɤָɬʵôˣֻ֪Ĵ𰸸֪ǲһ¡
һ𣿡
ӦǡܴǴ䣬ٰƶŷǳľ顣
Ȱ׵ᰴסĺף§ܶмѭģֻҪģ뻳ɾͻʱԳ𰸣Ϳ˻᲻Ƿȥ룬˵ҲǷȥˡ
˵ˣ֪һ¡۾ǰûǷֱ˵һСŮϸһ£Ǹز۵ĺӳʮ죬ĸݲֻ֪˵뽭ɻֺˡҵʱ룬ʲôŮ˻ýԸȢȴֲԸȢʱ֪أ˵ˣϻֲֶóʾڣ֮࣬罭Ұ̫ӵʱ򣬸ĸʱĲԶĸ˺ÿλ游ֻҪʲţޡ
˵Сĸ֪ôΪʲôҲ֪̫Ƿⷽˣ֪Ҳһĸ󣬵ӦûʹöʱܲŻĸôҲϣ֪
Ȱ׾˵꣬Žӻû֪£Ǳȥ֪̫ӵûȡôҵǼصģϾݰ
ҲĵģҲ֪ע⣬˷֡
ȰƤ᲻֪أСĵġ
˵Щˣ˯ɡ
ܿ˯ȥ׵ҹӵߡ
*
İӴ˽Ըʵ
þɫŮһ޶ŭֵ֪֮޴Ϊջ
Ȼϲ̲ṩ֤ȷ䣬ʵûκʡ
һ֮¸λ֣
⻹㣬ֱӰ乬߻ɵĸŴӦȥ顣
ĺԩ쳹̩
޳㻹˵Լԩͼ㵱ûŮˣͱ
ûб
ǱҲ밲Լķˣż޻ڳλãֻϧҲû뵽ֻôء
ᣬҡͷϣ檾ûô
ĽϵͷеĲ豭һԲ
֪ȷû㡣
㱾˵ǲᣬûصҲеĵز
ΪʲôĽ
˰ȥ乬Ļۣ̌Ĳ豭ͬʱŵϡ
Ѵ̡
ʺȷѴ̣ڹилǳôɣȻҸ¼˽ͨҧгݲѣȰӳ׽һ
Ľվ¹赲ȥ
£»ôͷʧְأ
㡭޵ֱֱֳֺԺĸҲ׼ޣʱǰɢıһ𣬽Ժʹƽʱ߲ſɣԺٵ㡣⣬ǿڹ޻ڹ֮ϸѲ֮ˡ
Ľɫ޲΢ЦӦ£ּô˵檾ôֻԺʹƽҪԣ
ᰲŮҽһǰලֵҲǸظļˣ㣬ޡ
»Σ
ɭ䣬ǻʺްˡ
ƺţһ䣬˵ĳĵԶҪޡ
Ľס֣ΰӢˣ檲ſϱأοڱ¶Գĺá
˵⻰ʱĽϾԼûľżֻ˵ԷĻԼǷҲô롣
ɲһһ˲˲Ķݣ㲻޵ޣÿһŮˡ
㳼檵˺㳼͸ģҲûй뷨֪ԭʲô𣿡
ʲô
ĽΪǳ檵һˣô鰮ġ
˵ֿ̫޲ھλܿġ
˵һĽϲ뿪̩
ȥ·ϣɫãֻһңСһ䡣
˸ӡ
ְŸϣȡ¡
Ľڴ£׼ޣʱǰȥɢĸһ𣬲׼Ժʹǿˣһ˸߶Ⱦ裬Ҹ˺á
ɥ˵ʱ࣬Ľһлġ
Ľһܹˡ
ֿοŰɣڿɲǳ嶯ʱ򡣡
ţҶס֣ȥ֪ͨɰʱ
ǣ
ֳȥĽɴС˯ʱ˲ױݣųҡ
̷Ժּһ롣
乬ÿ˳˹ʱ˵˻ºδԣƵľųĬ
˵룬ĽϴͲǡ
촿ĽϵĿ⣬촿æͷ˲ڶ
¶Ҳ˵ˣһ㶼ļ졣ţɫ࣬ϣԴΪ䣬ҪһЩǱ²졣
СӦš
֮˵ʲôû˸ҳ˵ʲô
Ľִ·ЩŮ˶ѧƵġ
ô˶ʵģҲΪ档
ĽǶ˺󣬺˼ڲɤӣվյټϢ
ȡٶȥ̩
ʱĽ￩һ¡
ѯʣޱ㽫һ۶˹ʺ޺úÿ
Ľǰѵϵۼ
֪дʲôɫϿʲô¡
ۺ󣬿֣΢˶񣬲ſ˵̣£ǲʵġ
ûôʵ˵ʺϸ۵ڡ
ĽϿȥ۾ǰġ
˵ڿۺ˲ˡ
ҲǣôܿóȻ¡
ĽЦȴЦƱסһ㣬£ᣬ檴δŹ¡
᣿ֺ߽ݺס򢣬ʺǶסһˣ˵᣿ţ
Ľ˺¡
㵽Ǳӣ֪ة϶㣬һŮ˾ͰˣޱȻ͸亮ܿϧ޸ˡʺҪˡ

106

򢴦ʹĽüͷ, ֪ʱʲôͶˡ
ЩԺ, Щ岻ˡ
¾Ǻߡ
Ѿ֪ıˡ
޵Ƣ, ǶȻ׷Źġ
ô֪һأĽĿ䵭, Ҳڣʱ䵹Ҳǻô
Ϊŵʹġ
Ľ̩֮ǰ޾ѾãԼǰҹҲ
ζҪԿͷٲô
˭֪൱ƽ֪ڸġ
ʢ
ƽʱ˵Լڹˣκγ֮, ʵȴͷΥ棬㻹䵱ʺ󣿹Ҵܸģ
Ϊս֣Ľ˵, ǲ, Ϊ̫ӾҲʳء
޵һ˪, Ҫֻܹ㸸ֳ̫̰Ȩ, ĽǿݣиҰġ
ĽЦ檸ֳΪ, ͵˱ۣ
˵ʵ
к֤֤˵ʵĲ¼ɣ
ŭǶˣô޷, Ҹ泯˴ޣةĸֶŮ㣬һǺù
һ˦Ľˤ˵ϡ
޴һ٣Ѹվ
ǰة̫̫Ԫ̫λ
Ľ̴ͻĴΪޣλǰڳɻ顣
ԶײΪɽĽĽں乬׼κ˷̣ͷˮģ׼κ˽ӽ
Ϊʲôûø泯ͷֻΪϳĺλ
û˰Ľϴߣǵٳȥѯʵة޻Լȥְ޵İţʺ𣿡
Ľû˵ݵʱ֪Źǵġ
ʺ൱ˡ
ʹüۣȴҲܴõı飬ƤЦⲻЦ
ղǲΪҪϳˣ޵ͷúûŰɣұ޻ʱ仹͸ѳᡣʺں乬ú÷˼ڹ֮Ȩʱύˡ
Ľޱ鿪ڣ̫ˣûĻҪ˵ȥ乬ˡ
޹
ǣ檸ˡ
̩ĽϿ߽գ¶ʱʲôˡ
һڹǶʱڳȥˡ
Ľվʲôû˵߹
ղ֪ټΪ£޺󣬼ɫǳѿѾ˲ԤС
ڹ߻ϰ䣬ûؼ׼޻˸ȥ
ԣȻ֪ôˡ
һֱĵվǷˡ
߻ɲϲڹһֱǸп޵Ĵڡ
סλҲƫԶѵüһ档
ĩּ
ڱȥɡ
ĩˡ
зŭӣĿۡ
ãƽ˳һЩټة
Źڵϵˣתеķ飬΢䣬˵ĻԶǶԷ磬㾹һҲûȥô꣬޶֪ģᰮ䣬ʧ
ةͷŵ棬֪ްս⡣
һʱͿиʶиµΣ¸һᡣ
᲻޸ģԼԼġ
ة֪Ǻ⣬Ըȥְ
һעʦةΪֱڹϣȻûаɡ
һڷϣʼδó
Ҫԭ֪ᶨѾãŸԣȻֵ׼
Ī˵һӣһ⣬Ҳ˵á
ةһôһӣҸձ粻á
ͳ϶֪ݲġ
ܺݵģϻ졣
ֵ𣿾ΪһŮˡ
ةֵֵûҪ˵֪

ʱθڲû¿ӣֻ˰
񲻼ã¶ƣ
̫ӿˣ
ͻȻһʣæأûС
ة뿪̩޸⽻ȥ˾ֱӸȥܲ
û޺һ°ưɡ
ûҽӻ֪ܲ˵Ƥ֮ࡣ
վСӽʣʲô£
£⴫Ϣ˵Ľһͷˡ
ʲô
һӦǲţ٣뽭ԺʹһȥĽһȷǷŪ١
ūּ
ʦͽ˳ſڣٵѯͽܣǸʲô
ʲôĽﲻԸȥһͷײǽ
Сӻͦҵġ̾˿ģô벻
֮ȥ̫ҽԺ˿ֽѾɢֵˣȥ˽
˺˵ܱһȥˡ
꣬еĽҴʱǲС
бɡֻĽۼ˲ˡ
һж˵仰֮Ľƽɽǹȥ
ϲԼ֮ˣΥͲġ
ýǰͷԼںͷ
ϵĽʱٲٿڶۡ
ҰͷʴһС˿ڣΪֻûɲ
ȷϹǰȷһ顣
˵ˣܼ֡
ֻǰĽ̵Ľűߣı¡
ܿ
ʱںͷȥʱȴǰ档
Źϵʱ򣬴Ϣ΢Ľ΢΢۾
ϴŵ£δǱӲ˵һǰѹ˱ͷŻ
Ҳû裬仹䡣
ӲǸ
۾ϱӣֽš
ڴ£Ľ̵֡
Ӧȥˣټȥˡ
ٰ̽ʱס˺£ûɻȥҺá
Ľ̲˵ֵ֪֪ū澸ιȥˣƽʱǵģôͲأ
ҾҼȲΪĽҳҲٸһˡ۽һ޵˴˶ʹ졣룬ԭǸװ׼޸Ǹӣĵﻹܻ𣿸ο¼ȰҴͻˣٰܰΪʲôҪóѣ
˵˶ѯʬʲôʱգ
ȻˣҪͷⲻˣʰӡ
ڴһŮʬܵ˽ΪĽǲڼҹġ
赱͵ᣬ˵Ѿˣ˼޳˭֪᲻֡
˸ɾ󻼡
ϽϽɿĽ̵ִӴվ
ڸоô
Էҩ󣬺úܶˡĽ۾ʪһƬĸ׵ˣŮТ
ϸ˿ڣТ˳ĺӣĸ׺γ֪
˵ͣһ¶ֲ̧˲۽ǣô˵¹ȥˡ
ֻǹĸ
㲻õģȻĸĽ˺乬̫ӵӦֵûʲôµġ
ǾͺãһŵϢĲܸ𣿡
ָ˭ˣ̾˿ĸ֪˼ֻǱһգͲټһգΪ˰ȫû˰ɣöҲáԺ󡭡ǻԵֵĻǿһģҲʱ䡣
ĽȻҺ֪йң

107

ةûй, ϻش
ʱֻԼ, 
˿ڰ, ˵ʲô, ú˯һҪ
£ŵĽ̵Ľűůš
ۣϨ˵ŵĳȥˡ
ʣĽһˣδ˯ţɬ۵İˡ
ÿһ£Ҳڸųʹ
ʵߡ
ͬʱҵĽһ, ˡ
ةĳĸĸײ常ʲôĶڡ
ԴǴŭָĴǹΪ
巢ʲô֪Ψһ֪ıⲻԵɵĴǹ١
˵ôʱ, Ҳڿ, ȿڲЪЪ˵䡣ةֱ˵˵, ҪְȷʵܸҴô, ˵ףСģôǰŲѪ, ʹˣ
ܿѸٷӦҲǹ𣿡
Ʊػġ
ة˻ǵϣ
Ҳʶʲôһǹٿɲʲôͷ
ּڲ˵ԭ, ةĲͷ˵ּңҲ׷׶ͬˡ
дͷɵľ
ةĸһḮԣÿЦĸף⸮ۡǶӵģǰסĵطɲ
ôҪҸ㸸װȥմǹپ벻Тˣ
ӵ˼ǸǷҲͷˣǻбҪʹˣ߷չǡ
˵㸸ֲֻһӣܵչһġ
ة˼Ƭ̺˵˵ƾ־ݣдϲǶӲԸչˣǶϲԸ⣬ʡԺ޹ô´¡
ԡ
ةĺѣԵǣֻʮӣյĲ׼
֪Ǹӵٺ»٣ô֧˸ࡣ
Ϊǰŷٺ»ּҲֲܷ٣Ȼû뵽ة˲ǮΪֻóһǧƱ
˵˽֮ʣôࡣ
ȥңԼ֤δЯȷȷʵʵûҵǮ
֪ةбԺֻ֮ǰظסţôȷʵûʲôǮ֣ջ۽˲ǮҲ⣬ҲҲֻܽˡ
ֻ֪ô࣬ةҲδ˵ʲô֮е¡
ڻظ֮ǰԤϵ˵ǹٺּܴܻңֻһǧ
֪ĽѶʱʰߵӸ֪ġ
ة׻Ųʣ˵˭ǽˣ
ȻɫһЩĽҵѾʵˡ
ةΪʰ͵֮Ѹ
ʱ򣬻ʲôܲܵĽҵĸš
û뵽һεžԭ
Ľû˾֮⣬Ѿ֪Ľ̵Ĺϵ֪Ѷһ֮顣
ֻȻǲĽ̵ģȴ֪뽭α顣
ݵͣة뿪ˣ˸ʪ͸ȴǸܲ亮֮һ㣬˼
صľȻ£˫ʹޡ
*
ʮڹ˶ʮմڹǰټ
֪˵ǹԼȥڱʾ֮˵˿ڡ
˻ʹſڼų磬ʣڸʲô
ûֱӻش𣬶˵үϳɡ
ռɫԣ
Ԧʻһ·Űһŵݽ档
үתġ
սӹֻһ仰
[ȥɢɢġ]
ɢģ
ʳ磬ȥĶˣ
²֪
ʲôʱߵģ
أڹϺʱ
յͷֿһеݣ˼
·ϳ˵˷ּҵ¶ص⣬Ⱥ϶硣
⻰үǰ˵˵ҲͰˣڱǰ˵
Ȼ֪
еմ´󲽽ãĿڶſڣţԼƽﰮŵϰߡ
ԼԽȥ˼
̧߽ȥһۿϵĻ
īԱ߸ţԻ˾ˡ
ϣ
ǵõԾȻʱ׵Ļڶ
˶㵱򿴣ΨԼô룬οҲ˶㵱ΪͲǡϣҵĶӿһ¸ңδη塣ýӱܿƽ⣬ʵ⻹
׸˻⡣
£ֳ°ͣɿŻֻڸղŶһЩˮ⡣
Ӻóȥ򸮸ԼĽš
ʱһˡ
ƽɫãǽˣ
ϻص㻹֪𣿾ͻڼҷѵûҶˡ
븸״ǹ٣϶Ӱ졣
ʲôûʲôӰġԵû¡
ô飬û˵ʲô𣿡е㲻ţ֪ܲ
ûУǱˣһҲû˵ʲôл
ûоͺãʡ㲻ģȥɢȥˣ֪ʲôʱ
ϸʴǹ֮£Ҫʲôûʲôµġ
Ȼ㲻˵Ҳ֪ûǹ٣ôڹղŻأһḮĸ˵ּ֪ȥڹ֪֮ǽľսǺ±۵ӡ˭ܿأ˵ȥߵϰ䣬ľв鿴Ĵ򣬾ԹҲɲλĽôƫƫ챻ͻ黹һͷˣôɺ治˶˽۴£Ϊ׸λĽ˽˸飬ڿǶ²סġ
Ϊ׸Ľ˽˸飿ôû˻˽˸飿ѵҾô𣿡
ϼЦĳ⻹˵ĽҪҲ縸ףҽʵ֮𣿡
ջ˵ʲôֻóϣġ
ϳ̾һŮӲԼ׺ҲȫһˣǸ̫ûˣ֪ĽҵĹԶԶء˶˵棬پͶˣʲôûҪ
˶ãֻ˵˵Ҫߣٱǰ˵Ȱȥ򸮡
˵ģ
Ϸϣǣǰ˵ģ˵ڹض˸ӿţһҸ˵󡣡
ģ棬Ȱ״Ӧ¡
ûңװˡ
ǰȻùע
οżȥһ׽ѵ
Ҳȥ
Ҳ¸Ȱ鷳Բʱȥɻĵط֮档
ſ򸮼һ棬Ǻʲˡ
ϸҪ߱סȥ֮ǰ˰װףҪתҪӣΪڹ¾Ҷûϡ
ϵЦͷݺġ
Ҹˡ

ϰʱʫʻᣬ˵򸮾ٰ졣
ȻȰӵĿһ죬û룬Ϊʮǰ˵ů˻򸮾ٰһʫʻᡣ
ֻΪɺϡ
ȻҲûԸ˵Ȱӿŵ¶
ΪΪףնٻЩڻġ
ȵʫʻ죬ʮλ㣬ŮҲ˺üλ
رźЦڸԱߣһˣ˵ĹﱧСүģģ֪ΪǺӵĸסˣ˵ദĲһô¡

108

ͣڸ, Ķϱ, ֪Ե
ƺĿ, Ͽ˹˶, һЦݡ
ϻ֮һЦֵͷԼӡ
Ц̫Ϥˡ
д䵭䵭дŹ
Ǹõı顣
ʫʻ֣һ˼ҲûУǿӣվ
״Ҳ׷˰֣Ǽҳȥߡ
˿Բһ, Ϊĸصøϡ
˾ͱһˣϱ߾Ϳɡ
ЦӦ, , æ
һС·, ˺ӵĿ, ȥֻԶһŮﱧһŮͯϵСŮ, ƼԼĸףҪŮ𴦡
֪ʣŮ𣿡
æͷ, ǵģ
ȥɡ
ϵҴҶȥСŮ˹
ʲô֣

˲ϵᣬϵᵽɤӿڣֹܳʹá
һӰˣް꺬ЦòϤ˱𣿡
СأŮе֣Ҳе˵׼
һ£ϵĽĻ
ùԡ
˵ŵĲ֪룬ϲء
֮ǰûӴӡǵ;˵ʵڲǺܺãû뵽ôƽ׽ˡ
ദ˺һˡ
¾ûϣǵòϵġ
һݸ짣غɻţһݸ򸮵Ĺܼңֵǲá
ʱյ۾һӾ
ŹӴʣѴã
ǰڸԼɫЩ̬ġ
һֱڹڽϢţȥѺࡣͣ˹٣ڼЩʲô
أڼ¿վҪ뾩ˡ
Ŷǰδأ
ĿƵᣬ˫עҪôڱ߹Ҫôھڣδлɽˮ˿ʱ䣬ȥطúɽ
˽̸˼ֹˣˣ㡣
ʱ׼Ǿȵˡ
װҲ̫ˣȡ֣
Ц𣺡Ϊȡһ֡
ձ˱ְѺӸ
ٽʱǰĹŮǷ׷뿪
ȻҲ⡣
ϼڸ÷֪Ȱ⣬¡
һߣڶʱ˲١
˿Ů˵ֻƽأû뵽Ҳˡ
ϣӻĸⲻǸ𣿡
ղڣ˵ȻЩ˭ϡˣ֪ҹ˼ӾͿˣûҪ
ϣ˵治ĸָ˵ʲôء
㵹ֻûңҾԲ˵ʲô˶˲
΢ЦŶԸ˵оƽ黹ͦº͵ģˡ
ºͶװģǽ˭֪һɫÿͷ˿ԼŮ˵Ÿûʲô֮ǰ˵صĺܣСܾסһ˱һиô
ĻȻֹΪƼս
Ȼնˡ
֮˼ҵĺûǻأԸⱧĸ˵أ
ϵⲻǵ𣿡
˵ʲôʹһɫʹղٶ˵
ïȵļңȥҺ󣬸ϸҲˡ
ûɣ
ûУҶûѾͷһμʫʻᡣ
ïһû¡
緹ʱٳٲȰ׻ƣô£
ʲô¸ˡïôٵȵȡ
ֹȥ˺ôһżȰ׽š
ƴ˲æվôˣ
û£Сˡ
Ȱմ˸кļ֪뿪ǣȤ˵ٻʱϱˡ
˵㻹֪۹ء
ϽӵˣҲ̫ˡ㿴ǼҼȰҵϱͦõ𣿡
ҲΪװϲϲ϶ȢġѯʣӶˣ񻹾𣿡
Ȱ϶Уֻڡ
ʣǴ°˵ʱ䣬ʱܻһ
ֻȰ˵ӦòᣬƵˡ
Ҿͷˣ¾ûϣҿɲٸˡ
ֻҪԼĻͳɡ
ԶˣûһƲأҲûǸ˼Ե
ïѯة֪ȥɢˣȰ׶һۡ
Ȱ׵ദȣ˵һ
һʱûĻȰʣʲô˵һ
Ҹ㱳գǴñĻŮޣҲûƽÿ˵ûгúһ㣬Сү˺ȷʵˡʵҵʱô˵ûĻϾǿϲϧ͵øĸӡɻŮӣԼϲˣ϶ôôúÿֻǲ̸ҲͲٶˡû뵽û뵽۹⾹һ¡
Ȱ̿˵ô˵Ϊ̸ʸûûˣĲǾ޳һ㣬˵һȢŮӣôúÿ
ȻˣðԺ֪ô˵
գ
Ȱ״ͳƿҩǷǳõڷҩ·ϴб޻
ֽӹһлʣٵİӶȥˣδнļ𣿡
Ȱҡͷ֪ҪʲôģǣȥĹԱʮλˡ
ǰ¼һ棬డ״̬Ҳѡ
Ȱ׵˵Щʳ˯߶̫ãԷһֱûʲôθڣҲ˯á
Ҵʱ䲻ˣҸˡ
Ȱ˵Ǯ𣿲Ҹ׼һЩ
ġ
ǵøţȱǮҲҪ˵
ЦŵͷãֻҲھǣҽҪӦˡ
ڣġ
ǰߣȰ׺Ҳ븮ˡ
ƽȵʻڽֵϣȰױŶб档
û˵һ仰ֱеؿ˿ڣүԺθү˵
Ȱ̧ۿġ
֪뵽ʲôֶ˵˼䣬÷Ҽ˻ģĸףԺǰϲϲ㲻Ҫ
ǲ̶˵ʲôˣ
Ȱһôܵı飬ǰû㡣
ү֪ܲϸһЩū澡
ʲô
ʵתĩ˵ū澵ӣūΪү²õκαҲ̰ͼʲô̱ûǰͨū澴ƺǺܷū澵Ϊˡ
ȰĿֻۣ˵㼸ˣŲȡң㡣Σ䵱ҷˣʲôر֮ʵҵŮ̫٣ǡĽѡ
˵ֲһ䣬Ҫǰˣʲôۣ㲻ͻȻĻ

109

Ļһ, ʧ˵ū澲ҡ
Ȱײ, ͣ, Ѻӵݸվŵ쳾Դӳ¡
ʱ겢, ֻаһڵš
ͽСүʲôʱιģ
ǰ
Ȱ޶տţԼ򴩹鷿ܵȥ˹ҡ
ʱ˯Ҫһʾȥ䡣
Ȱڴ£ЯַԼ, ȴҲ
Ƴϵˣô£
û, Сˡ
ϸ鿴Ѫӡ, ӲС, ôŵģ
ظ·һ۵, ˵ϳǰ˲֢֮ϳкüˣ˵״δĲ, ²ôһ˼Ԧأ͵ģȴҪݳ̫죬ȫ·, иͯ㱻ײϡԷ˿δͣ䱾ӱ޳һֱ׷˳Ÿǿ£Ҷ·δˡ
ҩҩ
һСĽ⿪ϵϵһʣȻأ
ֲҪԼݳԭұŮ棬Ů˶ֽò˿ڣұ㣬ˡ  
궯һ٣ɫأ˵㣿
ҸշֱǣҪ쳰£˭֪ذǶ׼ңǳұȥѽڣ߲ȥˣ鼱֮³̵󱳴һץס·ذʱСıˡ
֮⣬бĵط𣿡
ȰҡҡͷЦЦûˡ
˵Ǽٵģϵһֱܲǰ뻹̽üΣ˵δ棬ֻŽ̸ػȷȷʵʵġ
ò֢֮ˣ֪Լ£ɳ֮˶ôˣΪʲôҪô
ݱ˵ΪŮӲݼ٣Ůһڳһȥȥˣ˭֪ͻȻţȸӷҩˣϰ䣬Ƕ֣Ů赲ٶȱΡ֮ͽ˸ˣ߸հһŮ౻Ρ
Ȱ׼˵֮Ա˵һֱ˽дµˣ˵һƽЩ˵ҸǿҲͲ˵ʲôˣҸҪûݻǸӵˣŮΪʵܵ衣ֵҲˣȰǴԺٰ֮Ѵɱ˽͵͵ز
мŮԼأǸĸ֮ý֮ԡ
ǵȸ˽ĹǶ˼ֻȥ
еݹȥĸϧĺһЩܳɡ
еݸԼҲĶֲ࣬ϧǿдطȥӶԾҲеġ
⻹˵˺ĸеλãʵڹĲкء
ĸûеλӹıңĸһ׼ǿн飬Ͼ鷳᲻ϡ
⻹ޣԼͨһˡ
˵ĹԱ֮ŮǹΪԼҲұ֤Ǳ޴˻飬ԼԺĲЩʹĸǾ֪ˡ
ҲǸˣ뺢ڸӹĶలȣ游һ游ңиĸ׹ĺã̵ÿûȥҪ˲ҲᱻôزˣҪûὫһ㵽ͷ
ң֢֮¶ˡȰ׵գָ˸ȥһ˲ȷ֪ԭί֪Ҫ˵ȥ˲
լֻŮеģܵźá
˵ȥС
ʱ࣬Ȱ׵ȥ⹬źȥԺ
ǣ֣ǰ˵ţƻĺҪңЩ˯
Ҳ߶˵ڶ˵á
鷿ڣȰת˵ʲô˫־ͱסǽϡ
Цأˡ
Ұ㡣
Ҳǡ
Ȱ׸Ҫ˵ָᰴסͶԿжδ˵ء
ڰ׷ȾЦ⣬˵
˵̫һŵϣָһȥĵƹ⣬ԭǰ·ܺڣΪ㣬Ҳˡ
꿿ϣлл㰮ңԸΪҸһУϱûʲôӦõģҲ㸸ĸױĺӣδˡǹʵģһȨƵĻŮˣЩҹɻ鶼Ը˵Ϊô࣬ҺܸмҲϧһֱĺúùӡ
ķ·һ˫ů
Ȱ׵ʹſʱڷ˵Щ
ˣ
ͷƳ̼ǰһС˵¹һ˽ѯʴˣ֪˿Ըָһ
ŶȰβ䣬ʲôأ
¹ɢֵǰȥ÷ƣֻ¹ٲ֮ˣȥҲǣȥҲǣһʱΪ
С»Ϊѵ
Ȱĳ䣬չæٶʱɢֵǻпȥƣ
æ˽ѵǡ
*

˾ԺվŵʮλòŮĿƵϣٸ˵һ顣
ɿһ¿˵˵ٹþʮλģЩǸսģȸѧϰǹأ㰲ź
˾˫ֱ󣬡ҲҪ
̫ӵ£Ǳ¡
˵꣬˾Ļôôأʲô
ֻðԭȥޣŵϱˤĲ豭ǴҴ
Ҳ޵Ŀͣҵʰɣ̫ʮЧȡ
аϲȴδ¶ٴǰ˶
ȻطʱЩòŮڶ⣬ѹرա
νŶδٺ˺˵Ķ˵ˡ
֮£ٶȷ̩㱨
ʢŭѣ޾֪ãӴˣ񶼸ˣ
ɽǰ֮ƽѵЦ
ıٳδΪʲô
һǣĹԱû˿ظ˾йء
ڿɵˣⲻŸô
ȷˣ˾ŸֵĻᣬֻ֪
˭ܲµ̫ӻء
ʲôΪ
䵨Ϊ
޴ΪѰ·
ѶʣΥĿˣ
ţѾɽȥ׽ˡ
۾һ˿Цֲܿ
ʣֻôסԼ£Ҫصסأ
ĽϱĽԭ֪Ͼ۾ָʾдģδǰ¡
ԣĽҲѴﵽĿģһ˰ˣкξ壿
޲˵תƻ⣬Żʽȥμ򸮵ʫʻᣬǴãʲعסɣҲδˡ
ûȵش𣬾ͼپʧĴӵܽ£²ˣ


110

üô, һС¾˻ţ
ö, ֻ˾ܱƷ, ǿִͷͷ
ͨڵ¶Ǿ֮ɫ, £ūŲҿԣĳˣָʹ̫ӵµˡɱˣ
ĿõһĻٻ䣬𾪵㣬ôҲû뵽˾ڹ¡
ɱָʹζʲô֪
ı
Ҳôǡ
ٴ˸, ˱ˮ֮У
˵ʲôŭѣǰ׽̫ӵأ
ūһָʹضæŻ㱨, ֪ˡ
˱Ŀ, һֻʳ, ʱһƬհ, ﻹܹ˵ϱģΨһԼСҲˡ
޳, ̿ΥɻּҸָʹǧΧס, ɱ̫Ӽҵһ
û볯͢سǰ̩¡
ԷϲʱȻӧһͬǰһȥˣԺʷٸϸĪеñӣ˵塣
ĳ̩æȥּ
ʣ²ķˡ
ԾԼҪϱ˵Ϊֶֻпϧ׷ˣϹ
ǷңЧôΪĴģԺöڣ
ҲãٷҲգҪ
˾ĿԼعŲӦûʲôֻΪԼԴйߣĽĽţټӹ壬Ҳż嶯Ҳ֡
ɱָʹ޲òˡ
ǸеΣգͬϷ
һ֧̫ӶеĴҪ˾ľסаȫÿֵأŶ٣˰ˣЩ˶̫֮ʱŵģʲôˡ
ʹڹ⹬ʵ۵Ǽ˷
˵ǵľӻмʮ򣬴󲿷ֱȨСֱȨҲЧĹԱһѹ׾ٵ¡
޶ǣǲǰӳɹڳӵʳֽţ־
˵ʲôԭ򣬽Ҫġ
Ȼˣ͵óܺ
뵽ں乬ĽϣްСӺȥǱһ˸֪ܽʲô¶׼֪ɱۡ
֪һʱסһĽ֪һһ졣
浽ʵסʱ˵

СӴӵڳδߣ̧ͷ˿졣
īһްǹ⣬޾ĺеѹ֡
۾䵽Զϣ̧Źȥ
֪ȥ乬߽ȻһƿҩƿСӵС
̫ӵһްʺＫȱʹƱػ׷ȥ˵ȥʱʺѾ֪ˣ֪˭ġ
СӵͷԼһۣû뵽ϻ׼
ʦ⡭
ʲôǵģʲô˼˵Ƿּʺ˻ȥġ
֮أСӷ䣬ѹͣȫأҵø֪
üʦúùյġ
˼ǣȥɡ
СĬȻԣǰվʲôû˵ҩƿˡ
ٵ޸ǰ˵ҸָʹѾˡ
ʱѾûʲôˡ
뵽ΧѪɺӣ뵽ʮǶĸӻ泩ࡣ
ΪܿȥʬˣӺԻŵ˾
˾ڽȺδƼָֻʹǰͷߣΪǻġ
߽Żϲ֮㱨ȥˡ
߸ͨǱ߱˾š
˺ɫװĿޱȡ
Ľһ롣
ڵվʱ֪᷾ҲˣһŭյҪ赹
߷ٺʣ̫ӣҪ߱𣿡
ôأȼݵġɫȻɤ䣬ˣȸλıԸ¡
ŭĿԼ췴ˮϣΪ𣿣
䣬ͼ˾֮˵ݸһѳԵ彣
ȻܴԼ彣һɻڵͷҪʲô
˾ûǵͷ١
֪жٴҶԴϸšôΪҲ֪ζĸ󲻾Сȥĸ󣬹ôˡ
־ٴȫڵϵæ¹ģкڲѡ
ūŴˣū֪ˣٲˣū
Ҳ䣿
䣬ٵڵϣѪ˳ŵڵλȥ
Ա˵ϣ۵Լ彣ϣš
޽򢣬ӷ䣬̫ӣΪ᷽ͨҽͿԸˣи̣ҲλеıȨЧҸģ㲻óĲģʷٻĶԶҲûڶѱ֮·ûΪ𣡡
ʱ˵ЦˣûѵλӾô֪óĲģ֮ΪмЧ𣿰ղŲ˭ʵۣҪǰҵ̫ƽḳ˰۵ȵȡûΪ֪ģһʱ
˾˵꿴ᷣӵһ֣ʱλסޡ
ҧأվǱҩ
ʱ£ҪǸһġֻԺ󿪲˿ڶúýܶΪŵĿ
ޱɿʱѿڲԣ
ɱֻñޱȡ
붼û뵽ԼһĶӣû

һӢ
֪ˣͲӦÿӣòܲ˽
ӡ
̧ҵĴȥ
ڷߺб˼סק˫ȸŪˡ
ʹڹŶѱſϷأȷϢפؾӵ֧Ԯ
˾಻붯̫󣬳òƱػҳûңĻ̻̣Բá
ԭȹƵʱ°꣬û뵽ô˻
ǧѷĺûᡣ
ǰ֪ҪԼŮˣ뼸λΪصĳ佫󣬵õһ֧֣¡
ѡòŮϵҲԣʱͲһʤˡ
£ܹܵʬҪڴ
ãȻٴ
᷻ǣأ
Щ˹ĶͰҲ͵Ķһס
һͼſڵĶˡ
ŭ𡢲ҽС޺ŵײƷ磬һһ£˲ʬ壬ྻĵȾѪ졣
ŨصѪζθ﷭ӿ
˾δߣôţֱΧ
űСܹ£ʺѾص͹ˡ
˾һȥ֪ͨλ͢س¡
ǣūȥ
Ļ̫ӣͲݾıԣʿ֪á
뵽£ԼֶΣ˵ľ


111

ϵ, ˾һ, ˽ӡ
[ڱд֮, ضȫһǡ]
仰ӡ
յʱ, ûи˾˽µ档
˵ںͻȻ֮յġ
˻˵Ų㡣
ˣžͺóԣġ
еǲָԺΪָá
Ƿ⣬ӡ
᷼ȼ˾ĵʶ
֪˾Ĵʲôġ
, ò˵Ķ
㲻ΪҲ֪¡
һ, ˵ڱй, Ϊ˼
Ϊ˺͡
Ϊȡñλ˺͡
, ˾˵ǵڶ˼
ڶ˼ı֮, ȫеġ
ǵһ˼Ϊ̫ӸʹڵĽָʹдҲǲеġ
޳飬һ, Ա״
ᱻΪ˾֮ǰ˽йƽ޹ʵ˾ôô
꣬˾˽¼档
󱻼Ӷ, ±ɣⲻǳ
ΪҲΪԺ㣬λһ죬ȻпܶôҵλճĻ̫һûûްп˳̳лλ
㲻ЧܵøԼ·ǣ
֮˵ʱ˵ѡȨյĿʱ䣬պͻԸ⣬ͻһ˼ʱ»ᰲĻᡣ
᷵ʱ룬ѵһ㲻Լ
ǲ޿˾ô˽𣿻˵ôƶ
һֱαϿƷеĸо
Ȼϸ֮˾з֮濴ôģȴԾַʽ˵
ؿǵʱڣһԥ¶˾ġ
޹ʻԣ޻ʧܡ
֪ᷲʹг˶һ֧жΪ˾£¾㲻ҲضǺܿõ˲š
Ȼô֪Ҫ£ʱݺ֮оյ˳
ʵ۲һҪܵı£һǷǳҪġ
ûл飬صʵʵ
֮󵥶˾δȿڣԷ˵㵽Ը⡣
ѯԼá
˾ǸûԶˣֵյ鵽̣ø޿ԭ˵ȷޱȡ
ʱ֪ڴķʵ͡
ʾͲһ
˾ҲֱԼǸ˳˼ɵˡ
͵֮ǰǱҼҸ
ټᱻһ㣬ޱڼ֮ǰû
ûᱻѣûбټ
ȻҲδȥ棬¸ָʹ˵Ϳˣȥ޻㱨
˾˵ԼûʲôҪôû˵ʵҪôΪ֮
һֶ̹档
Ȼ˵ľҲȺҲ²ĺá
󣬰˾Ҫ˷ݸӡ顣
ǣơ
ҵǣԼˡ
˾ʵ޷Ŀ⣬ѯʣôôң
塣
ǣ˾ûѡˡ
ָʹ֮䣬ֻλȻָʹãɲΪû絽Ĳѡġ
ǿ׼ᷣľ
ʱλƷϹԱȫ롣
λ׳ү޵ǻ׼סǣΪͬܵܣҲ׵йõġ
޵Ļ常үǵȵ۵ͬĸֵܣ޵ǻǰͱ׼סǶˣڳĻĶӣһٹҲͦá
ʣްŵүӣһⶼǱ˷أһ򱻴ѹҽΪλúñռáǻףȴôܴ
ⳡ͢ǾֳĬʲô
ǰΪȻŭǸ˾˵ǣΪԾԲָܸʹһλ
ʹİղ֪ǻ
õ
үһ߿ִ治¶ĳ̫ӶԵǻʼҵ𣿣
˾ע幫ϺͿˣҾ˸ѹıôԲʼҵˣ
үԵĴǣ˭֪һӣ̫ɵ˭
һӣд£ïһ˼ƾô붼òܣʢʺ۰̫˶֪
үһڣû뵽˵Ϲıѱƽǰ㡣λ̫Ƿı췴ֻһ֤ʵ¿ڲ߶ǻܵͷҡͷգ۾ҲаŵģֻȥһӦͿɽ
뵽˾γû뵽
ޱѣָҸ֪ѵģ͸ҷǽȥ
ֻҷǽȥ˸ѯʴ
ԡ˾幫֤ʵǷı췴ֱӴ˽ȥ֤ʵǡ
үӦˬ죬һ̧ʾҶһȥ
Լ֮⣬˶δ˶
үߵģûһ󳼶˲ʲô
ǻŭ¸ǣﻹˡ
幫ǶԸһȥأǺأ
ʱүʲôĻϺͿˡ
˾ĬˣӸϽ丸Բԡ
幫ʣȻҪȥʵģȻԵй˾ïǷô˽ȥף뼸λһͬ幫常ǽȥ
ү־ܾˡ
õġ˾֣һҪȥ
û취үһȥҡ
ϵ޼ǽ˫Ŀʱǣᶼˡ
ȻȺ󵽴ǰֻվվתȥˣһ仰ûʲô
к类пԱƲѡ
۳˳ȥżץƫƫأô޷
ţֱͦͦŬΪصĳʲôʱѱˡ
ʱɱķ֣Լһ벻
ص̫ˣԼ̫ˣ
ۣ뵽ԺҪòˡ
֪ȥ˶ã˴
ܿ˴µ
ĶﴫϤĽŲ
޿ȥĽϡ
δһЩһ£ߵ˴¡
ܶ˵΢΢һЦǿļˡ
ŭĿɱˣĽȫʬ
ЩЩǰ˵˵Ժ檶˵ˡ϶ܺΪʲôЩĴǻᱳ㣬óһһΪ˵ˣǽ³ĲŸıģû취ѽȰһӣ֪סģԺ֪ܷŹ𣿶ܡ
ԣͫ׽뵽֮ǰĿظ棬ԩ
Ľֽ˵֮ô˵ˡ

112

ı, ޼ԼĶ䡣
ĽϵС, ˵𽭺ĵˡ
, ƽԵʱ㲻ô, ˰ˣ²´ƽʲô
־ĵһһĿڡ
޿δİ
⻹Ļʺô
⻹Ǹ޴ӷŮô
ҡ
檸ιҩϡĽϹͣһ£֮һһ麰ų檵֣ôҪ檣ô, 檳ΪŮˡ¿϶檣Ǳ£жŮˣ, С׼ס
˵Ц, Ǹز۵Ļʵǳ檴ҵ, ĺʵǸŮ, ǽǸСĺӣǳ檸֮ģ㻹û, ÿˡ
֪Ը̷ԭ˱ˣ
һ⣬ٴйͷŭ
, ȴʲôˣֻϸ˵ԸĻ
Ժﲻ˵֣뵽ĳӸռˡ
ֻÿҪܺｻ֯ţ˫Ŀ޲Լھȥ
£ʲô
޲ֱ֣͵۾Ķڡ
ȵķŭô
Ҹʵ۽Լڱʷǵһˣ
ĽϰѽЦЩ鰮ڱͼĸӵʱѾ檶˸ɾ㲻ǷޣȥҲһָоðĽΪδκβе˼Ǳ°˱˾·һжǱ¾ȡģܴ£̫ʺ񣬻ȴ¼һʱ䣬⼸ոǰΪ¿ðǶ֪̫ӶôТġ·δת̫ӻǻΪۡ
ʱʶЩԵģʢƭƭˣİգȴû뵽Ҳⲻõһ档
˾ǵճ̫ӣǶ֪Լʵ۶̫Ӷôϧôϲ˭ỳأʱôãˡ
չСˣʱûмŵǻ֮١
¿ǧΪô˵Ĵ˿ңĿ벻ܶҽβõģúðŰɡվֵһ䣬ŶˣһҪñʧˣ̻ţȷײǽѰء
޵ķŭﵽ˶壬۾һֱӱ˹ȥ
ûɷ׷ţϳˢ̩Ժڵ档
Ѫ˲٣ĽźĻе⣬ͨޱȡ
ԭÿնòһ˫׾Լ֣ȴܲˡ
ʧˡ
Ľ˯ĺܺãʱѾڴǰָѾȺʱ
ջص͹һȺ˾ˣֱ˶ˣǸʱ鰲Щ˵Ŀ־
ϴױĽϳȥǡ
⣬ȫ˵ϣƽʱĽȫˡ
Լҽñˣɡ
ôһ˵£ȿ˸ͷһδʺˣһֱǣţƻʺɫҲͷˡ
һ˵ҲԸһʱĽϵĶ߾ֺ֮ԡ
ŸЦֵǵݣĽϵȶ˵˲ſڵǲ˵֪ôĬĬڹıΪоů
֮ǰΪɳ檴ڹ½ڹ֮ȨӦ黹㡣ʱ˲عرٸأԴ˾ʾ
˵⻰ĽС꣬ʱĸȨƣְ飬ֳһƷܿϧ󲻵꣬ĸ׾򷸴ȥص֪أֳûҲˣԼСӺٲ
û˺䱣λ޳䣬Ƕİֲ£ʱڹȨ
˭֪ĽΪײޱĽ˺乬˭ֺγ֪鲻黹ڹȨֹڹˡ
ò˵ⷬȫĽϵ档
Ҳ˵Ľ˵˵ڹȨĽϻص͹һָġ
úõҪſɵģڲܷԼȽϺá
Ľϴ˵ʱˣʲô󾡹ܸڡ
ǣ檶л㡣
Ľ֮˵һЩĻʹȺˡ
֣ꡣ
ҪĽң˵ŹʻأĳҲǲɡ
Ľһȥ̫˵һ
ԭ˾Ҫģڷˣ˵ڻ̫ӣѾղͬˡ
Ȼû˵Ľϵô
Ծûǰ׻ˡ
ǣūȥ
ĽϵȺ˿һʱżֵū澵ʱפؾǵļλڵǶ˵첻ˡ
ҲֲʲôҲ˵֮ǰǵСֱȨ̫˵ڣµĻ̫Ƕˣûʵ۵ıͷǵ𣿻˵Ķھô𣿾еţһͻᱻҵñӣϾ⳯͢󳼿ɲŷǣһСҪˣѱȷжΪôֵǲɵ˵ˣ˵ɱܷɹ㲻ɹҲûˣִ󣬾ߵľϵֳʱѹǡ
ֺЦأūǿ϶ֵģߵʱЦǺǵġ
ЦǺǵģĽϵǶ̫ӸôˡĽ֮£˵
ֻأ̫ӵ˵ȻټرȥܹȹЩ˵ϻͿɣϣעⰲȫ
Ľ˲ˡ
ɫһ²ãֲԣôˣ
֪ˡĽϿ¶ţ̫ʲô֪ˣ˵Ľң˵ǡ
ֻ룬̫ӵ˵⻰ʱûʲôֱ𰡣ūƲʲô쳣
ûһ˵ϣעⰲȫ
⻰𣿡ֲãĳȻǰĵĴܶˣ̫ӵ᲻İȫأ
Ų֣ô仰ǰģб˼Ľ˵뵽ģôᴧĦģ֪кѣ
ҲˣٻᴧĦҲ¶ĵְο˵ˣҪ֪˻ס𣿲˵᲻̹϶ǻЩ¶ġūȫʲôԾɫ
ĽϳһԶٷ
˾֮ǰϰ˵ǵıģֻǵ֪ܡ
˺˾ȷŲ֪ӡ
ù緹֮ȻǰĽҡ
ߴ٣ȴϰ֡
ҹһѴ·ֵǵ
¿û̫ӵ£ؼʱǿס
˭˵أĽҿǱй֮û˵ʲô󹦣ֻ֪Ǽҳ̰١
һһ£ûȡ


113

صĽ, һ֮, ϵŮе, ǰˣֻĸײò, Ʋܼã̫ӵ²ǲ֮ˣҲҪ˼棬ܼ̫֡
̾˿ûв͸ǽӳܹᱻ֪һ˶ӣʱο̫ӵ£ﲻܲһ㡣
Ľס, ĬƬ̺Ůס
׾ͺãҪѡڹ̫̫ӵʲôøĹϵͿɡѡٲ, Ͱѽø̫ӵ¿, ѡ񡣾̫ӵµǻһʱ, Ժú롣

Ľϰʱȥ˱, طʱ豧ǰڵȡ
ʲôʱģ
ɢֵʱС˵ظˡ˵Ѻӵݸ, ˭֪걧ĲӲ֡
ĽȽȥŸϡ
װ֣µѾ, ﺬ첻ķѡ
շڴϣźһСֱһ˲ֳȥճ
ΪʲôվǶЦʣѵ׽𣿺Ӳദһˡ
Ǿǿáǰڴ߶£סŮֺС֣ιˣ
֮ǰιãġƾĽ˷ģ
Ľҡͷվûȥ
֪ʱ⣬Ȼʲôء
ץס֣һ𡣡
˭տ
ˣ
Ľݣ˵˾á
ǰˣ迴ĳ¡
Щҡ
¡
ʲô
Ϊ˴˶õҪϵ
¸һ˽¼档
Ȼ֪ǰģҲΪ˹Ĳһֱڵģڣܲ
Ȼ꣬ҲԼһ˫ŮĽҡԼ
Էʱûоƣȡ
ʱ롣
Եһ˯ˣ轫䱧ϣҳеľƱ
ƾǲл˵
ߵλãɫ΢죬У
ǰԼһһ
֮
պһ֣ͱˣĽԾȣֻ۾ˡ
ֻҪ㲻˵Ͼϵҿһֱ˽²ٵ㲻ͨţֱ
ˣⲻǱĶϾϵ
Ľ֪Ǻ⣬һֱ
ΪҪϾϵ𣿡
ѵ𣿡
ôãĽҡҡͷḧҲġ
һѽڻƾ
ĺ󱳣±̫֪֮ǰҲûǵԺ̫ӵòλʲôԺ󣬵ڲòˡ
Ľϰĸ˵ĻĻ˴𰸣𰸹ϵ㣬Ҳһøųɡԣ֮ɸҸһԣʲô
ӱɿ֣㶼һû𣿡
ĽЦ̫æһЩ˵¡ˣм¿Ը֪ˣȰŮһӡ
Ϊ𾪣һ벻ֻ˵ӽš
ϲ޵ĻӰˡĽıҪ̫ˮû棬չӦû˰ɣ
Ȼ̲ҲѾ׼ˣܶġ
֮ԷѴһ˰ѾԻࡣ
*
ûߣŽŵգȰüһΪ뾩ˡ
һ˵±ƹˣȻ;ãǵķ羰ĺã뾩ˣҲˡһᣬԭҶҸ׵ԴǺǲΪȻ˽ղ֪˵Ķģ̫ӵ¿ҹĿ࿴
û뾩Ҳãıұ̫ӵ¾ټ㡣
Ϊ֮һ𣬵վģ
˵ˣǼٵģڼ񲻿ϧ
ѽȰһ񣬡޳֣ɣСлˡ
Ȱ״Ц⣬˰֣л£һҪôȽ׵
޳뽲СԸϴ
Ȱܲһӣյȣװˡ
üЦװװ˵ʲôҰ취
ģʵޣҵˡںܶ˶֪޽ϣô׾ȽϺأ
һͷˮһ
ΪһЩԭ޲ܱ¶ݣԾ˸ġ
ʲôݲܱ¶ѵƽɣ
Ȱ׺Цһ¿ˮСү˵ģȻСүɱ㡣
Ӹϴɾˣϵɡ
ǰһһѰסȰף˫ֿĲȴδΪʲôҪôңʲô˵ȻƭС飬㻹ǲˣ
ű򿪣ſڵ꣬æɿֽ͵ء
Ȼ֪棬Ҳû˵ʲô
Щ⣬Ȱײ㣬¡
ͷû¶ģÿġһֱ޲ʶԲԣ
ԡЦ˵ҾҸʵĻһ¾ͺã˵ĿǲҪȰ׾ǹкϻûлֻΪδ˺ӣȽ⣬Ϊ˵ġ
ԭȲ֪ǹ֪ǹĺܺ棬ĺϻôõģ
̹ʵ˵ⶼĸ󡣡
ˣµȷ֣Զô˵Ӳʣ䲻Ǵȴղʺϣ˽´ϲһֱҲδ⹫֮ӽϲװȥˮûлֻõȺ֮پСأ¼Ӻжٴε顣ȥٰǵĺϻӡۡʾȥ˭˵ʲô
ҾСһԵȰףأ
յסĿڣһʹ
ɡȰͬ⡣
겻ڹ޸ճ¾͹δɺˣôʱ䶼ˣһʱġ
ʱṫȴǿˡ
Ѿظϵ˵
ߺ󣬷һȥϴȰװմʵһ¸
ϴԱ˵Ļһ㶣Ҫһȥ
Ҳڣ϶㡣Ȼĸף㼸ûʲôҲ㰤
ȰȻʧЦôأ
ҷҺӵĸףҵȻûˡ
УȻˡĻŭţзڣĸڣҾҲпɽˡ
ҳȥʹſڽ㡣
Ȱһɡ

գ괩һ£˸٣Ȱ͸Ĳҡ
Ȱɢֵǰ˻ʹſڡ
ӣֻƿһ㣬ĿƳӰϣء
ʱϳȿǵ֪˳ڵꡣ
źšü˲ʲô
¡
짽̸Ϊʲô⣬˵뿪լʱ·˸ϺϣĸŮ˼ȥδΪûȰ׵û˵ʵҲ˵ȥ̽̽ôû˻ֻͣ˵Ȱ׳Ҫĸȥ
ȻϾͷҪȥ򸮣߲ˣ򸮣һ˳߲УֻùȰˡ
Ȼغɻţ˵ȥ
˵֮ǰ˵ãȰһ򸮡
үȥҪ˵ʵ飬ûҪһǰˡ
ôûҪأҴӦˣҪҲøү˵ߣʲô
˵꣬ﴫһŮ˵ʮºͶ짣رؾǣʲôء
Ӧһǣ˲׹˵⻰˭


114

ʫʻ, ¡
Ϊǵһμʵ۵Ů, Ȼһ
ҵ, ˵⻰ȰԭԶ׼
صߵǰС˵ū澲֪ڳ, ʰ
Ƴͷ˾ɡ
ūȻˡ
š
ղ˵Ҫһصôѵ짵Ļֵ֪ڳ˵Ȼ׼أ
ӣزûʲô
ûаط
Ȱ׺ܿͳˣǰʱ˵£һδ
ϳȿһɫЦӯӯ
򸮺ų۽, ͣ£ðźͣһ³ǡ
ͬȰһãŸϡ׷򸾡ϣ, ïδ
һλɫñŮ, ϵѯʣλ˭
ͷϵñժ, ҡ
վ, æ
û뵽ǣԸϻһ
ǡܳ˵ˡ
о֮, Ҷб֮񡣡زǼȰ׵ޣʱҸʵ, ҲĶϱ
ϱʵЩΣֿȰףȴڣƬ̲ŵȰףҹ
ĸס
һĸ׺ĸƤһţ
ʲô˵Ϳɣʲôʵֱұɡס֣ҪΪȰף¼޸ᵼ;٣ܷġ
ϾԼЩ˳ˣ𣿡
ȻҲ˵̫׿ڸ֪ġ
ϵԹȵ׸һʱٸн˵ĸܡ
Ů˲ˮ
Ÿһͬ£ʶȰ׵ʱһ֪ةĶӣʱ뵽ʲôĸĸײôõĶ֪ݲɵøпǾ͸׵ĳãҲ֪ĸײϲңҶмΪûҾûôõķ
̹ⷬѡ
вò˭᲻ϲأʲôĶǶԴΪŵġԼǵ˵ʲôʲôˡ
ʲôˣ껹֪ܲ
ֻȰ׵ĸףԼϱܹҪˡ
귢֮гദֻǿźгҲС
ĸ⻰ұˡһˣҪúദϾҺ
Ӧǣ˵ļԣһôĺأֻ˶֪Ȱ׵ϱϣôճأߵǿУⲻǶ𣿹Ȱ檣˵ͷЩᡣ
Ȱ˵ֹ䣬ɱЦҲô˵ţȰȴԸĸ׿а취Ӧ
а취ֻ˵ȲԸǱվǡ
ھ£ĸײǣȰ׻ᴦõġ˵ĹǺϵĸϲ㽫źΣ
⻰˼Ρ
û뵽ôȣݵҡ
Ȼû⻰⡣
ǰ檣˵˹ϵãʾϱ˽ġ
Ϻȴĳ
ʱ֪ǼȰ׵ޣֻ֮úദüȰ˭һġ
⻰ص˸գﾹЩЦøϿαϲ꣬ȴ󣬲òͷ
ĸĴȣԸϱúദЩĳĸˣѼָܹ鲻ģӶϱһ㣬ͷӶĺϱԹޣʲôãЩŵĶĸһǶٶϱĸ
ϱһһһһ㶵ġ
źӽݣȰ׿أ뿪Ҳû뿪ǣ⡣
ذȥھߣԺ׼ٽһ
Ӧ¡
Ȱһõţǣܵ˾ţ¹ġ
ǻãôƽ޹ųӣ
үū澻гǣūٲһؾǣūһ
Ȱ׵ͷ˵Ҫˣ
үû˵ū澺¡
ʲôΪĿڣվͲˡ֪˭Ҳ޷֪Ҳѻ֪ߣ˶þǵİն֪ġ
شԴ˵ūµүūա
£վ֪ˡסķĸڵ̲һ·ǲǹҲۡҾ㣬Ϊʲôδغɻţĸ˵ͨҪȥܲųȥͣһڣĸ׶һ飿ֵ檡ȰδôСˡ
ūҲˡ
ʱ㣬㻹ǵô˵ҵ㲻ҲҪдڵļֵûռҲɣȻ֮Ҫ֮ãѾ㣬Ȼ㲢ûе£ôʲô
̧ۿ짣ߡ
ؾĺһү
һסĿڣߡ

ïæ˵ү
֪ˡ
ô֪ң
ʱǲ֪Ҳ
껥ïѹñ¾
Ӷˣ걻ȥι
ĶԼι˵ǹˡ
֮ǰʹؿ˵һֱûҵõģƫԼιţ̲ţʫʻҲιţ̡
Ѿ˰ѰˣԼιȻҪһ䣬Լιɻ
һֱδҪι뷨
֪˵ĻдʣˣͲѰˡ
ϣſڽ˵ĸףȳȥлҪ˵
ߣ˳Ÿˡ
ڲ֪Ϊʲôϣԭϣɩˡϣ˵ţϣи֮룬֪ϲϰæ
¹̫ӣͲÿˡ˵ܰһԼ˵⻰ûˣֵһԣ治޸ҹΪĶ࣬ɣҲɳĸˣɵ벻ˡ
ϣ֪ǺȰ˵ֻϣԸΪ˱ڹҲԸ޲ϲˡ
Ҳ̫Ӷû⣬ֺңֻԺѡԱŮһǣ߸ֻ֪̽ͬ㣬֪֪ɸŸС̫಻һ˵̫ˣ磬ϲ˸ŮΪʲôҪ̫Ӳʹֺ£Ƕкô£ҲΪ̫ӵ飬ҪҸҪ
¶ѿ֮ɫһЩڶӴôʱ䶼ûôΪɸ弸¶һ棬ˣȻ˵һӲҲûϵֻ㲻ܲʹĥ˭ôԼȥ𣿶ĻҲ˵ˣ֮ǰﲻ㡣


115

ϣͷ, ϣͻ, ÿæ
æҲҪʲôæ, ְԺͲҪٸҽˡ
СӦţ, ٲˡ
ιӣ£ȱųȥˡ
ɫãæȥϣ˵ʲôˣ
Ҳû˵ʲô
㵱⻰˵ʲôˣϱ˵
ʵ˵ˣ㸸Ϊѡ˷С, ŵԣҲºͣйְ, Ҳģ, 㡣ҪǼ޾ͼ, ޴ʹڼҸһ, Ǽ컹ġ̫ӵ£ҪԺ, 붼롣
ϣ˵
˼ʲô, ĸӣһһˣ㣡
ôǶңѵǶ𣿶ɵ¶˵ˣ͵ӡɻ¶ҺʹﶼƵģȻ˵ĺϻǾͬģ⻰Ҳƭƭˡ͸Ӱ;жԵĹԱ֪Բġٿĸ׵ľһиԶˡ
޴ӷֱĬ͵ӡ֮¡
СȰȵģ˵㸸׸Ч̫ӵ£Ӷͷ̰أԺǼҿɾָ綥ˡдҲͰˣǼûҲ۶һ

Ȱ׷ûһ¾ˡ
ïյ׼ҹֱӸˣү
ïǰʲô
´˷ǰΪԼġ
Ȼ˻δֻǳǲãʱ׽á
±һ죬Ͻ磬˶ˣʵû취ˣ򸮡
ïԼվֱ˵¹شԪֹµڱΪıߵˣȻ𷣡˵ĸ壬˵Ǽҵ֮ǰһֱЧҵ£లҲûãҲûΪҿѣûҪ
ᣬ濴ѵֻе𣿡
ïûشʧǵˡ
ϰĿͷջأүһᱻųն𣿡
˵أïϣԭٵİӺ޹ϵڹΪһıˣҡƽ򸮷ҡлҡҵһҲ̫ܲӵôл˷ˡ
Ҿ¡ǼȰ׸°ߣڿҲǻҷֹʵͦദģΪҲۼңһֱЦеģʾãûΪԼݸ߸϶ż񡣡
ïǰ͸èƵģεķ
ү˵أ㲻ҲǡЦ˵Ȱ֮ǰĸң˵ǲһŻءûУǶӿɲһ൱ء
ïͷ΢Ц˸ˣұ˵ˣƤӶ˵ˡ
*
ȥΪ޿³ıİȫ͵˾İϡ
Ĺ˾ԡɡ
ԪڼĽڱ߽ͨԼš
¼һųնųն
ƽ򸮷ҡ˹л뽪ҽ塣
ұ廹㣬һڣ˵նݳˡ
̹˾ʦһţȫδܵǣ
ǣСС׷˲ˡ
ڵˣʾӦ֮⣬
Ψһͷŵҡ
ٱ½˳ͤλãٸԭְԺ󸱶ʷ
ּһ£ִȥΡ
ȵǶѶһڣȻס
֪ûлĿܣ¡
֮˰ԴӶηصһȥһҲ˳ӡ
ȣ󱻼İסιµģߡ
ͱؽηɪǽﺰű
ﻹʲô¸ղѾ·ˣϽȣȪ·ϻ׷ϣĸһҲи鲻ǣ
һ㺰УɱӣɱĶӣȺɥĻ쵰ú
Ҳֻǿ·
һϣﱻϵͽҪնﷸһƬ
лǽң˼ֲɣ
Ĩȥ˴롣
˵ľ彻ӣĴݡ
ղļط˴Թ
λѾ˼ϺӲЯŵҡ
ƺȫȻлұ֧˾ʵֻ֧˶ѡ
лһԲǳŶſš
֪ԼΪλᱻǣ׮󰸡
ⳡλսУǶԷⷽûе·
ܿܣһһлҲվ˶Ӱˡ
ΪԳƵǱȻ飬ϾиΪ·Ļʵۡ
˭֪ʤȴ˾
ǽ٣Ȩȴץʱ޻ûȨ
㹬䵱Ϣⲻ֪飬ӳǲ⣬ûлʵ۵ıھһսأֻйԹԵķݶ
˵ףĴҡ
ᵽòԾʱΪʲôûмʱꣿ
ǶԻʵ۶ԵǲԸ˾Ӯаɡ
Աߴη½ҵˣǱ̧ģһֱ֣꽭ҸҸӣǱ٣ɹǹ
ͷ棬ǲǰһٻ졣
ǲûڴձնΪǱӵˣҪȫץʵ̡
ǱҲӲ˼գſڶнϸأ˳ǻץ
˳壬ȫ׽õվʹնҡ
֮죬ֵлҡ
ǰ̳ʱла۷׷ס
лô¶أϧ
û뵽һģǰΪƽ˿ǶģҪлһӣ˵ǺӶˡ
ƽѾء
Ҳ˵ˣ˵Ȱסϡ氡ǰЩ˼ҶûٵģҵǸ⡣

лʹͷԺ︡һ޵
ھ칬ڴ̸ķƽڱյмĻĿ
ΪڹûȢ֮ǰ˱Ů˻С
ڻ˺ܾá
ٴȢĻᣬȻҲûɡ
վԵ޷֡
ǰȰʱĿ⣬л룬ǲ϶Ҫ׿ڸԼ˭˰ɡ
лЦǹ˽ûеõԼҪġ
ź
ֵʱԪĸδҧԾˡ
Ծǰں޲ѣֶΪԼԪûܸһңΪЧ䵽ز
˵޷Լǰ棬ȥˡ
ԪԼĸһҲδ
ϵʬ壬ɫûı飬ڿԼ޹ϵˡ
̳ʱ˫ֱ󣬴ϵĺ
ԭһƬĿڿȺеİʱһ¡
ԪЦЦȴȿ޻ѿ
˸˷ʽѾɻ顣
޸˭
ʺܿ͵õ˴𰸣뿪ԪȻ
Ŀ׷ȥ쳷֮뿪Աûعͷ
Ԫֻ֪ˡ
˶ѡ
ȷˡ
ԪԼˣ˵檵ʱ󻹶˵ϲʱ˵ˣ
Ƿˣ֪һ㲻ǵ
ͷһ쳣硭
˵ĸ׺ǻȥ緹ء
¶Цգţ

116

*
ı׽֮, һչȥ, ڰնԴ˴ɽֵ
ʮ, յ̲ţͼȴ
ˡ
鹫ôˣǵ·Ըʲô£
Цǰһ˵ҲûʲôԵĴ, ֻʷȥ游ҿɻˣ
Ƿڶʻˣûء
Сһ壬ϴβ˵쵽𣿡
ҷ˵ȥͣգƶһҲǿܵģܹǲ̫õġЦ鹫ģСŮұȥڹ¡
ֵͷ, еģ¾Ѹ֪˼ˣκ˲, ֱӽͿɡ
á
ϵĸҲھ, ĽԶ, ְʱʶమɵĻ顣
ϸѮյ, ˵ĸײĲᣬϱԼأҲüδ游ĸ, һˡ
һѾһˡ
һһؼͣʱ䣬֮ǰᵽǡ
ûأҲˡ
ڰȫ, Ӵ˲ٵš
ɢֵ󣬷˼ңˡ
˼ʱģ
ǰ϶̾үǳһԶŻ¶ˣ·է˵𹬱֮£ɰǸ˸ᣬŽİ
أ
һҾ͸Ͻȥԡȥˣ˵Ҫȥ̫ӵ¡
ͬ£̫ӵҲҪ¶ûл
˵˼浵ɣ
˵ǻǰ飬Ժÿʱ
һЦС˵µ񣬰˵˲ˣһ𶼿ˣ»Լ֮ǰͺˡ
һ£ʲô
Ҳ俴̫ӵд浵Ų֪ġ϶˵̫ӵǰ䵭ڱءǰû취棬ڿɲͬˣԺ󻹲ͼǰ浡
ˣһԺ浽˹ѰڿҶˡס֣һжֵõġ
ϻһЦǷصƿˡ

ʱ컹δ͸ҵ˻ʹ⡣
һȥһ·ͨĵ˶
ԶԶСŹ
ַ̫ӵӿæ
ʺˣͷ˵أԸκ˲׼š
΢Цͷš
µȴһʱԲĽϳվ鹫ɫˣŹ˾Ͳˣ¡
ָϽסѹ˵ŹҲǲܿģǵһ仰¶ٵȵȣƻʺˡ
ҪǸҰ˷ߣͷʲôֿ̫ˡ
ʵҲߣѾΪԼڹء
ù˵ĹΪҴ򿪲ãת£˵һ
ּߣ׷ϣūͽȥΪͨһܲһ˵ġ
ǷԸ˲׼κ˴ͱͨˣٰѵ
ֱ߸߱˵Ҫٶһӣһӿɺã֪
ͣ½Ų֪ʲô
С֪ж
仰浵⣬Ҿٵȵȡ
Ǹط£ͼſˣĽϳˡ
æĽϽ̸˼ԷƿŽȥ
ҵųţδݱƼĳ
ֻһɫµ˾ǰͷںȾƣ˼ڣоľƺݺ˵棬ѿδľˮһСƬ
浴δϿ˱ɫһʱıʹ
ȥ̧ᲽȥհŸϱһ䵽µĹ
浳ȥ
ûǲ˾תͷȥҲˣ浣
۾΢죬һѽıס£
˾ͷһ§סһְĺ״ɤ΢ƣʲôʱģ
һʱˡ
Ⱦˡ
ҡҡͷȶöûϵҪʱ䲻ˣȥ˹ž͹ˡ
˴򿪾ˡ
Ҳ룬áֲʲô·Ҫ㣬ܱ⻹Ǳ˰ɡ
һὫ𣬡ǾͲ¡
£ʹã浺һûɻء
˾︡һЦ⣬ȻΪĵͬ
ûɻͲڹˣѵΪҪǸ£
ĸ£Բ˵Ķ
ӿ죬˭õ˵ģɣ⡣
ŵϣ˾ֱ۳Բ࣬ȻҺ룬Ҹ»֮ҹӡ
ԶȵĿ⣬ʸļ˹ȥ
˾ƣ࣬ζڣ㴼
浱۾ֻʹȥ
ã΢΢̧ͷŵԭȶµĻ˹󣬵꣬ҿɵȲôãյѡաˣҲѡʲôˣʲôãǳɻ顣
죬Ǿһˡ
ʮʱһյ˾͵񣬻һš
һš
ֱ׵дԼ⣬ϲϲԸԸһ
շ浾ͻţ˾ĸ֣[ϲԸ⡣]
ӦҵûгԶδθã᲻ɻ飿ɻʲô
ЦҡͷûСܻõķ룬˭ϣԼ˵δǱҵأҲˣһ⣬ڴͻգöԷûôûѰաϧ£ԺΣѡҾͲڡ
˾Ա£֮ʮָۣû룬ȴˡյĻź˺ܶ࣬йء
˵°ӵڻУԺкӹˣ浲Ҫ뿪ңԶҪ
˿ʣ֪زȴ֪ʱܡ
һһڵߵģǵ²Ҫҡ
˵ʲôô᣿
ЦҸ½Цɣȥ游ģ¿϶û
˾ͣ㽲

ڹŹ֮ǰ˾Ըȥ֪ڹȴķҳǣ˵浽ظڹ˵סĹǶ
ûڶȴ붫ڽ
ĵˣ͹ȥߣʵˣĴߵģŰߡ
ң˾˿û˯⣬ԺȫĽϵĽ̸ݡ
ʱѲ֮ǰôˡ
ȴԾĿʹ
ʱĽһűѽϡ
ĸӶһۺ˺һӦǾȣҪ뿪ʹ
һ£˵ȷˡ
˾ʱĬã˵֪Ϊʲôô
˵Ͳµ뽭ĹϵҲµСŮ˭ġ
ĹԱЧܹԭƫԭβȥ£
Ϊúô뽭ĹϵڱķͽΪй֮ı
Ҹȡôҵйûдõĵز
֮Ϊ˵Ϊ֮Ĵ׼׷ߣƷϹԱвٶĽȰΪ£ģï١ˣԼ£ĹԱȻûڹٳʲô󹦣ôʱةǶѧ˲ٶ
פؾǵСֱȨҲ¾ִӱԶľ˸͵͵һָµġ
˵ܳ£ԼڹӵеĽˡ
Ϊĸ֪Լѡʲô
ȴ룬Ϊ˽踸ŮҪ̫֮λҪ˶Ϊǽܵĸˡ
Ժǽûĸɺֻܺĸףֻ͵͵
͵͵Т͵͵ТʲôǼˡ
ҪһӼ̸
˾ܵĻЩ
½´ŭ½ֻ¹
˾ǿɷľٶ
û˵ӦҲû˵ԽôôƶͬأôôȷԽʲôأô;ˣǸĶأ
˾ĵĵط

117

µĽ뽭Ĺϵ, ˾һֱƲѡ
ƫ޷Ա˵, ܿοĵֻз浵š
Խ׷, ߴһ̽䣬ҹ˯ŵļ尾˭֪
˾Чиý, ĸ游ҫü
ȻˣĸȴҪҫ
ֻԼ˸ԼһŮƽӣ塣
н֣ʱ򹫲ûκκô
ϾȨѲޣҲûʥּҪԺѳᣬҲ޼¡
һˣ⵽ĳЦԴԱ񣬻ҡ
Цһ
, Ǳҡ
ɲܹȻһ𣬴ȥ
ٹԱ, ǴԺ˻Ҫȥż̽׻
˵ġ
Ҫˣ
˾Ľ, ʲôԼȥ, ѡ·, ʹͷβһ
ѽ˺ˣ˵Ѿ֪֪, ֮ѾûлϵˡҲµݣҲãһԺ䵽, á
ĽҪʱ˾˵һʼֻҪСӣ벻ϧһλƽ̫ˣֻһڹˣ벻õİ취
û뵽ǣСվĺӣȴӲǳһƬ죬ҲԼ뱣ˡ

һʱ˾ɫʵã¼ʱ˯ģʲôʱģ
ʵ棬ʱ˯ģ˯ʱġ
˯ô٣ôҪôסأü΢˷±ȥ˾ٴ񡣡
ãֻҪһš
浱һʱ
ڼ֪˯ôĲá
һ㶯ͻ
֮ǰδ˵ÿдŶ˵Լܳ˯
浰·ʱʣֻ׼ÿսʱô
ЦȻԲֹ
ÿʱùߣȿԲŵ¹ʱ䳤һЩ
ҪǣԶЩޣڴġ
浣̫ˡ
Ϊ롣
¡עʲôĵ£Ҫ̫ѹ浻һֱģ벻Զ㡣
ڻҺߣҺڹԺڡ
ֵ𣬡£ˡ
еĶ˷ֿ˵ͳȥˣʱ
˾Цŵͷţҵ㡣
浻֮һЦȻȥ
˾Ҳңȥ˴ķ䣬˸ˡ
㣬
£ܣҴĸ˵ʲô㽲ˡ
Ǻʱ֪ģ
صѲµĸǽղŸҵġ
˾򴽣ԼӣȥɣΪһТĻβȫأ
ͷĬƬ˵֪˵һ׾پ£ȴҲ֪֮еĽΪһֱĸôĿѻ
˾ݣ㡭
ס֣ڹҪչ˺Լ壬᳣￴ġ
ӣѽҲһ
һЦ㻹ټɣ
һģǾʵǼˡһ·ΪҸ˺ܶ࣬ķʱΪ˾Ҳ㶪Ĵһ
⻰ָϲʲô뵽ʲôˡ
ҵǻ³ɻ飬ʲôʱл񣿡
Ϊûʲôܵģû뵽ƻϲϱ仯Ǿʮл񡣡
ʮǸرӡ
áһΪ׼ļױİޡ
Ȼȥ̩һˡм仰˵
ȥȥɣҲδˡˣźʽŮ㻹ô
죬ô
˵֣䱻ҷ¾֣֮ǰҶ˸ʱǵĶȥ껹ȥ£Ҹ˽ˡûôǣôˣ
ɻϢй˽½̸˵㲻ǿ˽򣬻һ׷鵽˵ֻԴͷֱǴ˵ģһϵõŮ͵͵ģû뵽Ů⴫˳ȥ֮¾Ǳ˸֣˵ǸԼ̹㣬ԽС¶Ϊ׬ȡǮʵɶѾ˴ǡ
֪¾ıңٺץҩβǮ˭֪뵽׬ǮеҲǸˡ
Ӷ뿪һǰ̩
ź̫ǳȥһ˽ҡ
޿ʱ򣬻ȻΡ
ڴ£Ŀһ䣬ʣĸ󡣡
Ȼһ䣬΢һЩſ˭
ĸҪԼͷһˣҲˡ
ƺܵĴ̫̫࣬⻰ֻЩҲûŭĿӡ
Ůһۣ꿴𴦱ЩɬǷˣҲǷԼΪ˻⣬ҪˡҪǲĸ̫ӶĽҷҵȣ˶µԺúüȥˣǸĺô
˵һ£˵̩һδʮҪлˣ˵͵ӡȰ׽˺ϻڶԣ˻ŸԲ֪ҲӦøһϾǶľ
һԭμ߰Լ֣˵ǵĹﶼûСÿ
μʮʱĽ˵ֻҪһ뵽ıҪ޾;ܲˣһҪھʹĵطһִֺĹӦ
ʱֻѹѹʲôҲ˵塣
˵ôһվٿһۡ
۽һᡣ
ʣټ
*
Ľʰĳ˹һʲôٹܣȴвҪΪⳡٹɥ
˾ĸʱΪɲȫɥ£ʮ컹Ҫġ
ղ׼Ȣ׼졢׼κף
ٹ١סɷÿڹݿΣա
ӹȫڷ͹ûʬ׵ǰգΪ򲡱ŵĽʹޡ
һ;ϡˮ˼ĸû˼Է
Ժڣʳͬ
ʱڲűһʮҸĽмŮʬ
ôҪ˾ݱˣǼǻĻʵۣΪһİŮԸ⡣
һɥ겡ˣɤΪ˻Ƶ˵˾һȦȻҲòĶȥ
ĽϵֺűΪģ³С
ɥڹû͵˾
ҲͶõĵǻ֮ա
һľ˸ĽʱʱĲμ˴䡣
ĽһͬĻة
뾩֮ȥѰĽݡ
ĽʱĽƽɽةһӡţȥԼĶӡ
ةյ˾δڹٳΪͱץס˰ѱʹʧḶ̌ϴδ˺޹һˣǵһ
ȥĽһѣԼһ
Ȼû뵽˾ôͷ͢ˡ
صǣǰȻǲȥμӵǻġ
ֱȥ˱űԺɹ̫
ΰĸף֪ؼˣ
Ҳܻؼ𣿡
Ȼ˴ϵǰһѱס
ةһƿʮüˣߣ
뿪ԶϸǸӢĸ𣿳ɹģҪ̿ˡ
ɹģ⣬ʱͰ׻ˡةȥ
תսкջҪȥĶ
ͷأȥû
ة˵ߣԺţĿⶨһԶλôһݵӰЦӯӯ
ӽ


118

ǰ, Ľ̵һκı֡
վǶһ, ǰȥ, ְסⲻΡ
̡ͷס, ۾δˣû
Ҿ֪û㡣ĽҪ˻ܻվ˵𣿡
⵽ô£
ҵȷײǽˣûɣװˣҳɹȥˡ
ةײĶˣ
ָָλã
̿ȥ, ˰Ȼˣ̺ܿۡ
϶ˡ
ҲֵãҪǼȥҸ, ǸеĻҵ, ұ˵, ڲǰɱǰء
ʧõζة, ֱ鼤Ĳˡ
һֱ׽ԺһͿ˸һӦϵò˼Ůһ·ľͱŲŰɣ
, ǹôûأ
ŵ߽׻Ůòʱһ
, Ľﻹأ
ةͷսֱ̧㰴յϣȥ
ԸţŹˣɺͳ

ةͷĶĽ˵˵ɺã
ͷǣŽȥ
ԺĽСʣϻ𣿡
ةȥسϵĴǰ˿˲ˣԼĶӣĸ׷ˣ
Ųа游һ˷ҪҲ˵ҿ϶ˣ߱ĸͷҿɲұͰ˷ųˣȻĸ׾Ͷ߿࣬˵ôǸӸģҪȥ١
Ȼأ
˵վ˵ҲԣҸǧӡǻᱻв𣿵Ȼǡһţ˰װװҾȳġԺĸûˣǲˣٰ϶ζˡĽ˵һͷǡ
ĽڨڨһЦһûɡ
Ľ㿴ҸڣҵĸˣԸҸ׵ϱ
ةһҪ̧ȣܵıӶ죬ЦУС
ʲôЦ㶼ţӱˣ
״ףеש飬лú˵
һԵĽ̿ȻԺиôļƺҲͦõģ֡
*
»ʵǻȡΪҢ£Tա
޵Щִ
һûбҹķų
ڶֳҹŮĹصһ󹬵ڼϡ
Ůɳ乬ŴӦ֮⣬ֻʣˣڴԼľŻӲ˵İ˹˴һΨһһġ
ûıǣĻ߻ɣһĽ
֮˾ʽй֮мνԹְġ
ΪʹָʹĽƴΪָʹ
ǧ˽ԼָܵʹϽ
˾פؾǵһ֧ӵĽԭڵĵطԼľ˸פˣԼľ˸ΪλϮһƷ󽫾ĸΪһƷھˡ
׼ΪҹλϮٰة֮λΪһƷھˣ䳤ӱΪɣӱΪƷŮΪƷھˡ
ȰΪŹλϮٰ飬δ䣬Ϊƽ
⽭ΪλϮְΪ飬ιɣΪһƷھˡ
Ϊ򣬾λϮԺ󸱶ʹλ䡣
Ƴ񲿣ɵ飬ΪƷھˡ
Ĺ鲻䣬޶Ʒھˡ
Ժʷ䣬ΪƷھˡ
й֮õ˴Сȵķ͡
չٸԭְζԺҶʷѾõĹԱˣ˾̲λøة
ˣҳ֪ةҪĽ̳ɻ飬ּˣ⵽ܾ󲻳ӡ˾˻鲻˵Ľ̶Ʒھˣʹ˲Ǯ
ïԼȥة֮λ˾ְة࣬ز½û棬Ȼ϶Ҫԭ
ԼЧҵ˾ε꣬Ȱףⲻ˵ġ
Ϊʮ꣬Ҳ˹ٳϵĶթּҲľɼԭԼ˹ְ

˾ʮ˴ʱΪĸ׵Ľϲûμӡ
϶μӵģȥˡ
ĽԼʵҲܣ˾̹׽ʱ򻹲֪ѻô硣
֪ôҲõ˻˵ġ
һڼտꡣ
ݳһƽŮջ˽գȡԼΪ
ǹٴȥģĽûӦ
Ȼ˾ôѡԼ
ԸΪ׷ԼЩҲԸΪ˽踸Ů
ԸԼ˫ֳŮ̫ԶҲǣʱܼǡ
Ѿˡ
ܾƾ
Ľסļﲢǽ¿ĸۡ
ֲûиһ𣬶ǻĽϡ
ܲᣬʶֵ̫ˣ޷Ľߡ
ҺûԳ
ڲŮӻͣģû֪Ļʺ
ڼ棬ڡ
һͬסڵĻнܣĸĸŮڽڷϣȻһֱţ軹˸ѱԺӸָ˲ٵȥҵ֡
μӻϲĽܴӹʱѾʱ̡
ܶ񣬺һĸףֻƣδȣҳʱᲮڹſ˵أһ֪һ
ĽϺЦͷ˵˾Ѹһһһʱһ㶣ģ
ǵģ½ʥּ˵Ůɣ֮겻ѡ㡣
ֽ꣬Ľϵݸ
ʵۣûôģ˵ҪڹȨԼùԱҲΪ֮ԺΪ֮Ϊ֮ʺиˡ
ʺı飬Ȳ֪أ˶˵ӡ
ĽΪ浸еˣ˭£ѰռҵеǮĻأһʵԸһһޣⲻǷǳѵõһ𣿡
ĸ˵ǣҲñ˲ԺҲѧϰԺҲ檡
㸸˵δ޳ɻˡ
ܱЦ˵ǵóɻˣٲɻܾҪˣǴӦ˵ģɩӽٳɻġ
˵Žˡ
̼ҪܿЦãǼ˸׾Ͱȥˣ꣬Ҫ˰㿴ҰҪˡ
·δԼ׻ﹰȥֵĲˡ
˾ʱ˯ţǲ˯ڸĸм侫ĺܡ
˸µֻҪһԼĸ׿׾ͻ赲Ȼ泯ףĸһӰ
Ľ𱡱ƽţ֮ɣ˯ˡ
𡣡꣬ҡ
㣿
˯һ˯

Ӻ󣬲ڱ丸˯ˡ
轫ȥıΧõСϡ
Ϩ˵ƣ߰ʷ£һѽĽϵıߣȥ
ƾллԸߣҸ
˵ģҲ˵ģҰ㡣
*
ʮһ΢
ھŮӵзȰ׾˻
ĹǰһģһȴΪͬ
Ϊǵһγɻ飬ʱǼȾʣõȰ˷ܲѡ
ڣȲҲ˷ܣеĲҸС
Ȱ׾Ͳͬˣǰ͸
ڣǴûɹһãŲմæһ죬Բۡ
ûܲμӻĽϰȥ˹
Ȼ˾ĸ˵ݸ׼˺ܶױĽҲ׼һݣֻǲܹĽҵġ
ŮһĽϼʱˣҪ߱ס
ĸףհμӻʱҸӾ仰̧ۣ˵տ˱ȥ
Ľ۾һ죬Գ̹׽֮ڣĸѼδˡ
ͷãҵ
УҪĸˡ
Ľ¶ϲãˣ
˵ˡ
ĽϽŮĺͷ·źãǸӣô࿪ĵ£ʱ䲻ˣһˡ
ӦһŽŲԶȥ
нŲ߽ʱһӺˣǰ˫ţ
ͷһ˫Ц۾ӣ꿴
Ȱоأδ
ɳԶˣ
һɵԼ𣿡
𣿡Ц˵֬һ춼ûԺȡ
һºȻĽӻһû顣ôͻȻ̹Ҳǰļˣ
ķӦڲ֪һˡ
Ȼڶ˵ʵ֪ھմʦԲŵ֪ģ׾뵽ΪʲôʱŲⲻȥʱ̼žմʦ˵ģ֪ԭá
˵ˡ
Ҳµģʱ˵£˵ô֪˵ʲô֪ٱ˵ƻ·ٹƵʱôȷΪ֮ΪһǻһεˡҺ㣬ǰԼ֮˭ĺӣ
Լ̼үĺӣﲻ฻У˵ˡȰʵڶš
һ£ʳΪˣô
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