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1 

ܽƤܳأŬ˺üΣ۾
ʹƣǰδеƣ糱ˮһӿ˯ˣǱû˯ҪһЩ
һ
ͺ˯˺Щһ
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ӻ֮ǰסӣ˴ⶥɫϸɴ֮⣬趼ˣ̴Ƕ粻ˣƻ޺һš
пĳӣ
ƺ˲ٵ棬˿һ۾֪ȥһ

ܽϲġ
ܽȷԼû˻İ裬ôţ
ݵļҾ߰裬ܽϲľ޺ˣʱҪƷܽԼѾģƽʱ·ˣҲϰ޺һ
ЩѾǶġ
ֱܽǿӲ޵֮ûѹţլһӦС˵㣬ѾСȻǲǰεġ
ڡ
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ܽʶԼСȥȴ˸գ֮һƬƽ̹û֮е¡
Ȼһ֮˯֮ǰ¡
ܽ꺢֮߶ߵġ
ܽͲ󣬾ʮ²ŹѾӵˡ
ʮ뽪ңû¾Уʮµճӣû¾Уһٻ˫̥
ܽ׾ͲͬڱЩ꾲ĹŮöйϰͷҪǸ׶˵ͳΪ»ûĸ׷ִǲͷ
ȻˣҪǣȻѫ󣬵ûܽҲҲʵѡϰ䡣
ΪöܽӹЩһĹŮҪó١
ųûþУһ˫̥嵽׻˸
ԣʱܽʵǳЩͷġ
ƴ˰ŲӣֻܽԼǸСǸ˸飬ȻӶûܿһۣҲŲס˯˹ȥ
ˣûء
ܽ͵
һ˲䣬ʵЩˡ
ŮӸˣʲôӦСĲǣ˵ָͻһͷۻ
ܽҲȷʵ׼ӭͷۻζ
ǣ˾ЩͷۣǰĲʶûС
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ܽǵã³֮󣬿Դղǿ´߶ģڲ˫̥ȻֻҪ˯һͻָòˣ
˵һѾ˯˺ܾˣ
ôһܽѾѹˡ
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ͬʱѾԽԽˣ˯ʱû̺ҲͰˣҲûˣǾ̫
ΪƼҷˣڵĿͲ˸жǾӵĺ۸ūΪӵѹסˡ
ԣܽ޽֮󣬶Ƕʩͷ
ס֮󣬽ҵҲȷʵģ⡣

˯һĹ򣬾Ҳ˸иˣ
ܾܽЩԾ
Ҳʱ䴫˿ŵȻһŲŴɫȼףʮ߰Ѿ߼˽
Ѿߣܽüšһ
ܽļܺãټֽϸԸϵķպ꽫µƫƧԺɨѾͷܼǵò֣ԲὫ˸Ūˡ
Ѿߡ
ܽԿ϶Լǰûмǡ
͹ˡ
Ӿ˶ϡ游šػ֮ƵĽϽϽϥֻһӣҲǽĸ׽ǡ
ǰߵͻȻѣʱפǽǣΪмϸһս֮
ϢؾǣϽܴ֮һ𣬶Ϸ˺ʹʧӣȻûձҲȥˣҽɥ£˵Ŀɡ
һսʧ˧Ƕսڴ󾰳˵൱ڽһݵ˲ǵߣҪû취ֻǴ߸ߵĻֻǱضڴ󾰳˺һ
ôҪһվ潪ĸϳĽ
ɾأõİʹóѾãʥ˳Ҳûҳһܹǵ˧ţϽѸߣȻǲսġ
һӾ뵽˽֮С
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2 û

Ҳʱ򣬵ʱֻʮĽվ˳ڽǵ򵱽ʥԼ˾״ǲ֮ڽ˳׸ϳȥԸӴ
ʥ˽ս
ʵҲ֮٣ϽҲһԳ֮ˣΨһվҲֻнˣýȥúȥ
ָЩ˰꣬ŵĹ
ֻ˶ûߵѾڵǳսˡ
˭û뵽ʥϵһ֮٣ȴõ벻Ļر
֮ٶҳ˺ýսļϸ˰µʱ佫ʿŽʿȡݣ˶ϳ˾ĹǰһĴķ䣬ٲͼ𾰳ŭ
ݱǣٳԾ
󣬵ʥմ֮·˽ΪһƷ󽫾ҲýһԾΪ˾¹
ʮĴһƷ˾ʷҲǴйġ
֮󣬾µػ񣬱߽ھһʱ֪֮̽εػȻ٣游֮磬Ҳٲ׵Ҿ߹ˡ
һָֻƽ밲
й֮ң˭֪һûһ֧ű߽ˣôؽٶս֮С
ҲΪˣ꽫ҲԵҪˡ
ھ»ָƽ֮󣬽ȻҲһԾΪ˾ǹٺòŮѡʹ֮зǶʱ佪ҵżҲ㱻ý˸̤ˡ
ֱʦس
һֱڣǵնǵýʤ̻ؾʢ
ΪʾԽĿأʥָ̫ӵӭȵó꽫Ǳ˰Ҫʤһӹȥ־öܽǵĵ涼ʵˡ
ɴ˿ɼʱǶôֿȡ
ҪǰչȥܽǸûл޵ġ
ȻҲѫȴѾ·ˣܽö׵ͣҵľ˵ձɽǸĽöΪ̣Ҫ˸ŮǱױǿά֡
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ƫƫ뽪ףּ޽˽ҵľǴǰھԵܽ
ܽ뽪׵´þǲٵĹ󸾹ŮǶѡ
ȵܽ뽪ףֳΪҵƼҷˣЩ󸾹ŮǼǵЦ
ȻЩ⻰
ܽʱ֮ԻòԣΪĸڽʱѾȥĸϷ־ס׷ͺڷ˵ĳʹĽģҲֻܽһŮ˶ѡ
Ů˲ͷﾹȻͽµѾߣ
ܽԽԽùŹ֡
񡭡
һ˯֮Ŀģ㲻
⵽ô£
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ѾԶһۣ϶ֳɫ
һܽĿı֮£һ˲΢ͷˣﲢ޴ʵˡ
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ܽüĵĽšøˡ
ܶܣΨû뵽һ֡
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ܽûѾ̳£˼ʵҲҪģܽʹˣҪʵķ˳֮󣬻»ص¹ùá
ܽ񽪼ΨһŮˣ˵õѾߣİѾ߲ʶ˵ѹûˣ
ʵѹ£ܽĿİѾϡ
˶ŴɫȼףǽӷĴѾ߲еװ磬ǳԼķҲζţԼĴѾߣ
Īǣլ֮µĽ꺢ӻ˯ʱ򲻽լ֮£ʵϳ˽ǲѾ
ƾʲô
ܽĿת䣬ѾߵһΣ˭
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ѹ֮£ѾҲӳѩӳᰣ밲
ͬʱҲֹ
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3 Ź

ӳѩӳᰡ
֣ܽ˵ȫİġ
ܽɫˡ
ڵܽ˵ҪûӣѾߵ£ԺٴҲǲ١
վ쿪˫֡
ӳѩӳ΢΢һ漴ʶܽҪ£æȡ׼õܽϡ
Ѿܽٴüͷ
ҷɫɫܽҷ˻ѡģׯأ˸оḡ
Źֵĸоͷ
Ծ
լԺѾ߲᲻֪ЩӳѩӳѾƫƫͰǰǵ죬б飿
ֻܽٶȿӣʱ֦ҲĲѹ£Ѿ߷ϴ
ȵϴϣܽŵ˰躸Ͷ
躸ܽĳӣǰʱŽꡣ
Ÿոճ̥ڻû֣ܽ׼ȥ뽪ϽȡҲֻܽʹˡ
䣬ӳѩӳϵı͸ǹŹˡ
躸


ȻӽӵʱѾ߾;ýķ˴͸ŹŹ֣Ҳǵڣ˲ȷ˷ĲԾ
ǡ
ˣ
ͬʱѾͻȻ֮ǰү֮ǰµĻ
ү˵Ҫʱ÷˲Ծˣʹ˴Ϣ
˷̷ǸүŶүûʲôټϺҲûʲôԵģö֮ģӳѩӳᰶһˡ
ڡ
Ӧ㲻Ծɣ
ӳѩӳЩȷ롣
ȻȷŽ̬˻ǾȻ͸үﴫϢȥ
˾ͬʱҲɰ̾Ϣһ
˵ǹΨһŮˣЩѾߵԭӦΨ֮ǴӲŶԣ˭÷Щֵ̫أ
ʹ븮꣬ڽ֮ǰǿҲûЩ¡
˭Ҳףǽڳ޵ķΪʲôͻȻ䣬˵ĲŵһˣԲǸֵ׷ӡ
ԡ
ǻүﴫϢҲͲʲôˡ
ӳѩӳҪ˷ӽܽĹŹҪܹȥִһŲ
ǽŲȴûͣţһСѾһͷ嵽û˵Ͽһۣˣˡ
Ҫˡ֣ܽ˺úýѵһûصСѾߡ
ǰǹŹֵĸоٴͷ
ðʧСѾͷͬǸס
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Щݺ롣
վܽͭӳԼգȷûʲô׺ŷԸĸ׽
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ţȼĸ֮ɡ
ܽѾһʱûмĸˡ
Ůӳ֮ɼظңҲҪţӦ֮ܳУҲܽһ޽Ҿ͵ҲûѹţһԵÿһЩ
ˣܽ಻Լͷܡ
ϴμϣǽʱʱܽѾµУϽŹףĻᣬܽһѺõĶܽ˫̥ÿݡ
ЩСҲֵ˶ǮȴüΪ¡
ܽڶǵ˫ʮ־ɵĻͷЬƷһ㣬ֻ뽫֮
ĸ˵ֻͷЬǴɩһһġ
ϵڹʱҪܼҼҵ䣬ֻ׵˶ܼҵż̤ˣֵõֳܽأ
ˣȢϵʱķһ˼ġ
ܽϼ޽֮󲻵һͼ޽˽ңǶʱܽһֱϾűޣϵҲ㲻Ϥ
ΣͳЬС·ӣϵ顣
Щܽӣٻһˡ
ǸҲŮǰЩ
Ҳ֪
ΪӱضûлҵЩʱ䣬ûˣ
ЩͷܽͷҪϵĸӼˡ
-

4 

ΪмУֻܽһҲȲȥˡ
·ã洫˽Ų
ĸˣ
ܽæӭ˹ȥͬʱ﻽ĸ
ֻ˸ͷȻֹ
ΪѾߴĲϣܽĴɩϡ

ܽɻ
Ȼദʱ䲢࣬ҲûлҲͬһ˴꣬ϣܽҲôЩ˽ġ
Ͽһǻ۵ŮˣɣлԣԲܴʲôľ֮£Լֹϵһ档
һŮˣȻǻüΪġ
ڳܽǰϣȴ֪ܽ
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ҪȻŽ˶ʮϣΪʲôʮģ
ɩôˣ̲ܽסʡ
ͬʱһɻҲͷ
СѾͷǾˣ˵ӦĸϲŶԣΪʲôǰĻǴɩϣ
ܲܣСѾͷܽ˺ӷ˶˰ɣ
ܽãһоһֱѽš
ϣԭΪֻǰһСֵòɢѾ˻ȥ֮ҪôȰοˡ
ʱͻȻܵܽĹģһȻȴɻ

ҲûôΪʲôܽҪʣһϧĿ⿴
ܽţʶļ̌סԼա
ϴʱûע⣬ʲô
һʱ֮䣬˵۵С
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һЩ¡
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һҲȷʵˣǱģǱСԼġ
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ĵ£ϻǾҲԭĿģԭ˵Ļʻ˶ȥ
뵽΢΢һ٣ȻֱܽģСãģĸһϸϵģСɲǸһ֪⣬Ҫļ޸һӿɾͻˡ
ܽԽԽͿ
ʶľ͸ظһ顣
Ͽܽһۣƴǰһᵽ¾˵ʲôɡ֮ĻͷҲ˿СãôҲ㻳̥ʮĺӣ֮˴꣬ҲԹԸȥôܶǺˣ
Խ˵Խۡ
ҪСĸ׵һֱԸúõô·
Ҳڶǵõ׵ԸĻͷЬʱǶôѩɰȻⲻҪ˵ϼ䡣
-

5 

˵֮Ͼ͵ܽˡ
ȻСÿҪƽ࣬˵Сһ̲˵ġ
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Щȵ̧ͷܽȴܽɻؿԼͺȫû˵ʲôһ㡣
ܽҲȷʵû

Ը

Щ˭
Уɩ˵ǸԸʮ»̥ģǻѾԿǻ޵ˣ
ܽԽԽԼǻΡ
κģܽ˵Щʲôû壬ֺͿİˡ
ѾߣȵֻʣԼˣܽŽ֮һжϸϸһ顣
ߵĴѾ߻İӳѩӳᰣǰ̺ҵĴʵѾûӰѾ׼ĲԼϲõѣûصСѾͷĴɩɩһİ
һһ𣬽ܽôҲͷ
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ЩܽЩͷۡ
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ܽʱ򣬿ɫѾٽʱ
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ܽһʱ侹뷨
漴ʶԼȻǰһЩ⣬ЩЦˡ
Ц⻹δ۵ףܽٿһ١
Ϊ֣ԼǺ¶ߵģϴŵȻΪġΡӳѩӳᰵѾ׼ҷɫѡ
˵ǰֻΪΣôܽͲˡ
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6 

֥ľŮ⣬֬۵޳СͷΣֻҪŮõϵģ֥һҵ
У׷ģ֥֬ˡ
֥֬Ҳһָģ˵ǲ˹ŷƳɣϸҷûʹƤù⻬ϸ塣
ĺöȻÿһŮӶҪġ
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ɴ˿ɼ֥֬жˡ
ʮǰ֥Ÿոھ¶棬ͿЩöѸٵվ˽Ÿ
ȻҪھ㣬ɲǿкöеġ
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֥ɲûˣȻ֪֥Ķҵ˭Ժ̨ӲҲû˴֥⣬˭֣Щצӡ
ö֮ģ֪֥󲻺ǣҲû˸ٴʲôˡ
ڣĹǣÿµ³ҲԸ˹ԼһС
ǳһҲ֥֬ʼӣǵķ˹ŮǵѾľͿʼŶӣΪԼһ֬
ܽԼҵǧС㣬ҲǴѾȥ֬ġ
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һƷһС㣬Ȼڴ϶֣ôΧۣһ䡰ɺͳܵˡ
عصˣҲȻġ
ȻȻˣܲ˼ȥǣ
ǣ˽Ⱥɢ֮䣬׼ֹ
ܽСʱѾ۾˱˴֮ѹݲˣսȦԱߣûü˵һ䣬ͱܽһͷˤðǡ
ʱǳֻܽѾһһݣѾܹóļɹˡ
Щܽɵô
ôҲû뵽ԼȻܹʧķ
Ҫ˵ܽҲʲôƢˣôƢã޽֮ҲԼԼΪһŹ󸾣ԼΪһ֬˴֣ڴϣ
ܽšüͷ
Ȼˣ֮üҲֻΪȻ£һûаļ䡣
ӳѩӳ᰾ηѵĳ
ܽȴǲûзϡ
ֹʱ볤ЩľͲһ·ˣܽ볤ûٱͷ
ֻܽǲŮʥã̫Ů˵ݲÿɲһ㣬֪˵Ľ֮Уضܽ·Ķࡣ
-

7 ʮ

Ǻܽ޽ңһһʲôûе֮ٴ򽻵ʱܽʼռϷ硣
ƾ˵ľܽˡ
ܽԳ˽⣬ֻ³ֹǼ٣ֲ棬ֻû뵽ǣԼȻһͷˤڵأƽ׶档
ˣΪ߹ƽʱصľǹЩ˽֮ʱſھǹأտھģô˵󡭡
ܽĳ̲סЦ
ŵɪɪӳѩӳᰣ뵽Դֲֵ֮ѰֽߵЦӲѹȥ
ڿɲֻʱҪĻŪһеô¡
ܽǣһǶ˵˵ӶԸ֮һʲô£
ܾãΪһ֬˴֣⻹ǡƵ¡
ӳѩӳᰶһۡ
Ȼǰڷ̺ģЩĻȫǾûм֪ģǵȻҲ˵ġ

Ҫŷ˵˵ǻɣԼܼ̫ܲ
˶Ҫˣǻô죿
ҧ˵ɣ
֮ʱ䣬ܽһֱڻ֮С
ܻɣӳѩӳǸֻ¶˵ˣԼ
ȻûˣܽȴҲĴС㣬ĸϤĽ̵ţ鲻һǧǰţȴҲһҲģԼô¡
ӳѩӳᰡ
ѾͷҲƭԼǡ
ôһУǳʲô
͵һӳѩӳ˵Щ귢ˡ
ܽļ̥֮߻˯ˣʵϣΪֻ˯һʵȴѾȥʮꡣ
ʮ񱻵ʥķΪܽҲƾ󣬳Ϊ˳Ʒˡ
ڣǰ躸۰ܽԴ̥ڴ˰֮󣬾ǽ̥˺ԼӲõף̥Ųʣ躸Ҳˡ
ΧҲûȰ
ǰ̺ܽĴʵС䣬ҲŵȰܽĽȴĹѾֱӱܽ˳ȥ
ܽĸϣΪŮܽз磬ҲܽĿ
޼һĸŮЩȻһ㣬һͱضᱬͻ
̥нԺͽǣΪ֮һֱܵܽ䣬ֳڲֶǺüµʱŵʱĽϽġ
˵ҪԸŽϽţ֪ʲôӡ
ɽϽϾѸߣҲֻżһ¼ˣ㵽
ǰϽʱףûһֱǵ棬ĸӣûиŵˣһģ۳ž͸ˡ
躸ȻĵճӣѾӣϰ˱ܽӣֲ֪ЩʲôлǽԼֵܡ˲ĸϲԭԼϣԭĻñù޲ýԼڽﲻκ˷֡
ǰ֪ܽôģȻѾӵ躸һ£ŮʲôŵԵ˼ҵĹŮһǵƷټҵĹŮ
ڵʱþǲ˳Ծѡ
Ͼ躸ӣݣ˵ǸҹŮˣǹĹҲȢõġ
Ȼˣһ˵Щݵ˼ҶϣԼгϢйˡ
˭Ҳû뵽˾ȻԼӶһҪʲôûʲô£ҪǿƵȹ̵λ֮ҲеͷȢϱ˵ôͣҲܵ͵ĳ̶Ȱ
ǵֱͣǵ͵ȥˣ
Ϊ£ϷϺľǶʱܣҪȰܽͷջûȰܽı⡣
֮ܽĹϵҲ˱㡣
ԸȻСѩɰȴûеõĸ׵۰ڽϽ֮ҲûڹܽǵˣȻҲҰһˡ
Ըǵһ竻һ𣬱𿴲ʮ꣬ȴ߼ģ˾竡
ΪǧȻԸһܣ˷ЩӼ˵Ļӣܽνġɡ˵һʱһǻĲһͷԷȣܲ˵˵Ҫס
-

8 һ

Ҫǻ˱ĸĹﾹȻ뷨ͻᱻˣԼҹǵǴűĿĴϹϵġ
˭֪Щⲻ֪ȻҪǸףܽûֹ˵ʲôɡԼԼ֮Ļ֮⾹֧
ⲻܽӵ޿֣ǰղ棬ͬǰ¶档
ûյĹ򣬾ǵĲѧ֮һ˵ǧмӣпܴӴ˾һɳˡ
Ȼˣֿȹϵλˣе־ˣòм
ǡ
㲻мҪ˵󲿷ֵѧȻĽġ
Ϊʲô
ҲΪϰգҡ
ƿף˺ʮؾͿԴӴϹٳǿ˼ʮֱ꣬׷ԲȻŶǵĶˡ
ԣҪнݾߣܹ˼ʮĿƽƣֻܹܾջ
Ҳûܾܾջһ˶ѡ
ߣҲ˵ûܾܾջ󣬶ǿ˼ǵĽӽӶõ߽ݾĻᡣ
ҪȻ˽¼ʱҲôɵľļͬҲôľ
˶ܿضֱʵġ
ôЩСΪĲǽ±ɼȶʵòűô
ʵϣҲȷʵһҪɹˡ
ţΨһû뵽ľǣܽʱͻȻѹˡ
ȻЩ飬ⲻѵʱö֪
ܽӳѩӳ᰿е֪ʮ¶飬ЩѾʵƫƫȴûκһЩµļ䡣
ļ䡭
֮ͣ
ܽҲû׵ľӳѩӳᰵ˵Ѿûκεӡ˭֪Ѿ߻᲻
ԣӳѩӳ᰻֮ܽ˸⼸СѾ߹ʻ
ЩСѾƽʱûлܽͻȻõ٣һϻ̳ϿֵģֻԼǲòŭ˷ˣҪǵܽİֻ¶ιȥ
£ܽѯʣЩѾͷȻκε
ǵ˵ӳѩӳ˵һ޶
Ҫ˵ӳѩӳ᰿Դͨһܽǲôı£ѹŸеѾǱһµ˵ǡ
ôҲֻһˡ
ǾǣӳѩӳᰣǺܽҵЩСѾͷǶû˵ѣʮľͷô¡
Щ˷˼£Լ
ܽԼ
ǡ
ҪǲģôԼûмʮԼЩµˣ˭
һ룬ܽò
֮˵ܽǰǲôŵģϸԼϷЩ£֮˵ܽȴôҲ벻бʲôܡ
ǡ
ڲԾʱʲôµĶˣ
ܽţ˸䡣
Ȼ֪ԼΪʲôܹѹܽѾˣȹȥȥ㣬úڷǰһݡ
ľܽǾ԰ˡ
Ȼϸϸǰ˵Щһϸϸ
ӳѩӳᰵ˵˵ʮܽΪΪƣǰ˵Ǵྶֱͥǻ˸ˡ
ŭ嵽˸ܽǲǵʧķ衣
ʵϣҪƿܽѣȷʵ俴Ǹε̥ǣֻ¶ܽѹǱ˭ðˡ
ȻʮܻƣҪǰʮǰܽ¶óһ𣬾ܷ֣Щġ
ͺ񡭡
ʮܽȻܻƣȴвһĻơ
ͱ磬Ը꣬ܽ˶䵭һЩҲûбʲô쳣
ڵڶܽŸ檣Ҫİ취Լ뽪֮Ĺϵ
仰˵һֶֹ̳Ρ
ȻˣŵЩ˶ˡ
꣬ܽıǰȻͬǰǳɴͣ䣬ȫһʸֻҪظͺ޲ʱʱڽߣκŮлӽ
ʵϣҪǽ󲿷ʱ䶼ھפأֲŮӳ룬ֻھȥˡ
ıֱǲٵķǿûЩл
Ȼôţ缸ʲôװôһͻݾ
ǵʱ롣
-

9 躸

ĸꡭ
ܽ躸һ¡
躸ʱҪԸף׵ĶҲʲô˼ңŲԵġ
ҲԸС˹綨Ϊɼԣźôû̥ܽ¡
ֹ̥ܽף躸ȴûа취ֹ
Ͼ躸ʱѾʮˣͶҲ˵̫Сټܽ躸ĸף躸ĻϣܽžԵĻȨ
ϵʱˡ
ϵĻ˵ܽӵµǸǼĸһ
ɲô
úùܽӣǳᣬָ躸ôһ׮£ŸԸҲŲԵĻ£ӶƵȥ˵˭ҲֻΪǺ°
ô죿
ӣֻĸ߿ţɴҲ۲Ĳˡ
꣬ܽƢٴһ䣬ǲôӶЩŵĻˣʱʱʲôɡ֮Ļ˵ŵҪĶ뾭ѵһ㣬ȫ벻ףΪҪ
ǸһܴԭܵܽЩӰ졣
ϣ˵Ƕӵ۲Ĳˣ׻ȫܡ
ⲻǰЩΪ£һˣܽһͻؿ뿪
Ҫܽʱ˹ںƲţ˵ʲôء
ܽɵҡҡͷ
ʮ귢£ϸƷͬһģһ㡣
˵
ǸԼĹ֣һ
Ĳ²⣬ܽ
ڣѹˣҪȻ֪Ůʲôء
뵽ܽһ
ļ躸ֻһδСӣ̥ȴһζûôⶼĺӡ
ҪʮûıʣôԼĺӱأ
֪躸жˣ֪ԸʲôӣԼ񡭡
뵽ЩܽвЩС
ЩԼӡ
ļ֮£ܽܿľͽԼʮ쳣ˡ
Ȼǰʮﲻ֪˺ܶƵ£ôˣȻҲͲǰԼĺơ
ֻǲ֪
躸Ըǻ᲻ԭԼεĸף
ܽЩ
ͬʱǸͬεĸףŭӿ
û취Щ²ı⣬ʮûκεĸоһ
Ȼһ֮д󲿷ʱ䶼פؾУ֪ܽʵһֱھУֻҪ֪˻ڣ߽оԵİ֮ǰ;Բ۾Ļ룬ŭ˽ɷ
Ҳ˵нһ죬߽ɰȡ
£Ͳڱֻ߽ƾͷסЩˡ
ƫƫûӼǱᣬƽӡ
˵
˵Լʮ쳣ûв
Ҫǽʱܽǰ϶ԥһȭӹȥ
Ȼܽ޵Լ
һţһ߷ŭţܽӳѩӳᰣ躸Ը
źԵڴ
ӳѩӳȻýķ˸֣ʱҲûҶ룬ΪصطˣڸүʹС㶼ȥˡ
ţ
ܽššü
֮ǰõЩϢ֪ԸűضЩһ֣һôŲŲĴҹܣΪǸ
ȻЩģ뵽ԼһеǸˣܽǾ
ڣԸСлܽ
ԸѾףڶѾ˵躸Ÿܽͷۡ
˵躸ӼΪĬƽʱһҲܿ˵ϼ仰ûӦе⣬ЩԱ
Ǽŵϱ
ܽüͷԽšԽ
漴ͰοԼżĸ׵ȱʧʮ꣬ҪúǵĹ켣صõķ򣬻
ֻϣӻûжĸ׳ʧ
ţܽԸѾߣȥԺӹһˣȥţԸ֮ǶԺһš
ӳѩӳԶЩԾ
-

10 ˻

ǸܽˣɴûܽһԹһٷôˣ
뵽˵쳣Ѿ߶һۣϽϵɻ£Ӧһ֮ˡ
ܽķԸӳѩӳᰶҴ⡣
Ȼ֪쵽׷ʲô£ܹоõλСӵʱɫƽʱΪͬ
ԽСѾ£˶ѡһˣһȥԺﴫһȥ˶š
ԺܽȵЩļ
ڣ躸úܿ죬ûȶá
ӳѩŽܽͷһ
ûʣӳѩ֮ˣˡ
˵֮ӳѩõһߣ¶躸
ܽЩȲؿ躸
ӡ躸ֻв꣬װֵֻСӣŸѧ˵һضһġסܽĶҪˡ
ڡ
ܽǰģȴһʮܸ꣬Ҳݵꡣ
û̧ͷֱܽǵͷһĸסȻ㾲վԭһһ㡣
ĸס׽ˣ֮ȴκε֮⣬ֻ䵭ĮȻͷ·𻽵޹ϵһ㡣
ܽһ
û뵽躸Ȼˡ
ǰȻǷ绪ïͣȴ͸һĺվϣȴվӰ֮һ
ĮȻ
ܽ躸ϿЩóϵϢ
ͷһᣬʹ˶
ĸ׵ûоΣŻĺӱ
躸Ըʲôģ
ܽ絶ʡ
þеŽѹ˻ȥ
ԭţȻ֪ʮ׷Щʲôֻ֪Ǽ˳˵躸ҲһӦǲӦ
Ͼ
ӡ躸ֻһСӡ
ɵ躸վԶĵطܽȴûκεĲӦֻǿôһۣ֪дĶӡ
躸仯ж֮ʮʱ⣬ĺӣ֮
һܽȷȶˣ¶һЦݣ躸֣躸ĸ׺úÿ
⻰һڣӳѩȾ̲סȵؿ˹
ӳѩǳĬŵ躸Ҳֳ൱Ĳ죬ͺʲô˼Ļһ㡣
ܽɬˡ
ĸ׵ģֻҪö߽ЩѣȻѾߺͶӾȳ֪ǰ躸ж಻׽
ڡ
ˣһжл
뷨ܽӳѩȥԸ׼ţȵӳѩ뿪ֻĸӶˣ¿躸
Դѹ֪ԼϷôıʣֿ˵Ķӣܽ˼ǧ໰ҪЩί˵躸˵죬ȴʲôû˵
ܽ躸ıֻ躸һĶûǰ֮Уһֱػ躸󣬿ɳΪɫɡ
ڡ
Ϊһ֪Ϊʲôе⣬һʮŵ躸ʮﱻĮӣ䣬Դ
ʱĸ׵ģܶ˵ʲô
˵ʲô躸˵ʲôã
ܹЩĮ䣬ܱĨƽ
ܽ߬˿
躸һûܽе⡣
һŵһ̧ͷܽĸף˵ˣҲ˻ġ
ܽһ
˻飿
һ仰û˵ģ躸ôö˶˵ľᵽ˻ˣ
ǸԼ躸ף躸ǼŵϱǾһƷٵĹŮһ£Ҫ˵ܽȻǲġ
ܽһҪ躸ȢŹŮô躸ΪӣҪ̳оλģҲΪŮˣضҪ˽ʣҲһӦضࡣ
ܽͣһ϶ϤĽ̵޵ĻǽţһܹھǹǵȦվȽŸ
֪ܽ躸ǼŵϱǸʲôˣ֪·ֻߵûȵԼҪࡣ
ȻܽȻ׮ȻѾʵڶѾˣҲ躸˻顣
˻飬һ޹ŮӻʲôӰ죬ܽġ
-

11 ů

ʮô£еһҲԹǸΪҪһһ躸Ҳͬ⡣
ڣ躸˵ǡĸף˵ˣҲ˻ġ
Ҳ˵
ûѹʱ򣬡Լ躸˻顣
ܽšüͷ
룬Ǹδ֪ġԼҲ֪ǺˣȻ˿˼һʲôӰ졣
躸ܽšüȴΪΪԼĻˣ˫Ҳ֮˿žһĬ־ǿʯͷ
ĸףǵִҪµģ˵ʲôԼĻӦԼ˻飬ѲɣҵĻ£ĸ׵ֻǶϷ𣿡躸ʵ
Щϰ˳ĬѾкܾûһ˵ôһ仰ˡ
˵ܻ꣬ܽеķӦ躸ȴη塣
ֱܽһ˫ڳִ֣ĳܽľ
ܽЩš
Ȼ躸ĸȴȱʧʮʱ䣬躸ƢȻô˽⣬Ҳ²躸ﵽЩʲôƾŸоҲ֪һ躸ģֻ£Ժ󶼲Ҫ޸躸֮Ĺϵˡ
⣬ܽܽܵġ
躸ܽ˸ͷȴ֪ԼҪν͡
躸˵ʵ
£ʮûоεĸ˵ˣ躸ͻ
躸ˡ
Ѳ֮ĹϵͿԻˣ
ʮ˺һ;ͿĨȥġ
ͣ躸жԸⳢĸס
ܽԷɣȽ߬Ͱ͵ӸƽȻһ躸΢΢ЦЦ躸ĸΪ˻ģĸϸ룬ȷʵĸòףΣҹûйǲܺ˼ҹһӣҵĶҲûе
ЩȻ躸⡣
ЩɣؿܽһֱܽЩˣľֱǰĵĮ
ܽ˿
ܽǻ˵ˣδ֮ʱԳݵĽ֦ҶҴûе͹ͷ
޽˽ңΪҪԣʥ̫µٹ˭Цӭ͸˵ͷˡ
ǸΪػķܽҲûĵ͹ͷ
û뵽ȴǸܵҪͷѹˡ
ܽȴһҲʲôѿġ
Ͼ
ĸ׵Ĳְĺʮ侭ô˺
ֻҪܹԸһᣬֲܹʮĿհףѾˣλΪЩС¶뺢أ
ܽЩܵġ
Ȼ躸׮˿أҪ躸ȱڣֻҪúòٰҲˣڱġ
Ҳֻͼ֮ˡ
ܽһ¿躸鵱Ȼǲ˵ģĸ׽ջҲŻҲֻˣƸҲıǣҪҹ֪ǼҶ׮µӡ
躸ˡ
Ȼ٣Ͳ֪ˡ
֮ǰܽÿμȰ˻飬˵ʲôɣԼԵҪԼǸĸҲ֮ܰĻ
Ź˶ãôĸףôı仯
ǣĸ׿˼Ĳͬ˫۾һ躸ʶľ۾Щů
ů躸ЩĪϤںܾúܾǰʵǸܵůġ
ǡ
ܿģ躸ǵͱѹȥ
ʮ꣬мʮֺγĸϸܵůأ
ԣ׻Ĵɡ
躸µͷص߳״ֻ̬صһжĸ׵ġ
ܽЩʧ
躸ӣҪµõ׽ֻ»ҪܳһʱС
ʧҲֻһ˲ˡ
Ͼĸ֮ĸʮλģҪҴƣȻҲҪˮĥģһ͵£
ܽܿͰ̬
ЦȻҲͬ⣬ʱҲͿʼ׼Ƹˣʱ¶ʱҪõĻ㣬͵躸ȥˣҲˣӦò̫ԡ
¶ʱܹһԻ㣬ⲻҲԱҹӡ
躸ˡ
ԭΪܽ㲻ҹˣ׼ƸЩ϶Ҳһ£ȴû뵽Ҫúòٳ֡
-

12 

ôˣ
躸Щɻ
ƺӼĸ׿ʼĸ׾Щ֣Ƕ̬ȣҲһ
񡭡
ͻȻˡ
֮ǰܿѹһ㣬躸ǺܿľͽԼɻ׵һߡ
ʮĸʱʱľǻһһıԼһ˫õ̬ȣʵѾϰˣҲͲڴ
ǲ֪һΣĸҪֳʲôӳ
躸ͻȻ;
Īǡ
Ҫ̬Ƿɾ裬Ȼʲô
Ϊ躸뷨֮ʱ䣬ܽҪ˵ʲôĻӦֻǼ򵥵ġšƫƫ̬ȻΪĹ˭ˣҲָһĸײ
ܽ޴ʹС
ӣ֮ദǱİ˻Ҫ硣
ܽҲй
ЩѾ뵽ģҪ־ս׼ֻܴѣй
ܽ˵躸ʱʱġšһε֮Уֹ˺һܽŵȵԸϢ
ˡ䴫ӳᰵ
ܽ˶٣
ӳ᰿첽ݣǳܽ躸˸Ȼˣү͹ˡ
ӳ˵ܽĿճ˸ݵһŮϡ
˿ʮͣòȻȫһȴҲ߷ֵƣǵϣܽ׾ٵľͿԼ뽪Ӱӡ
ǡ
һԶŮ
֮߻˯ȥӵ涼ûһۣԭΪ֮һʱ俴һ˫Ů뵽ٴ۾Ĳһ˫ŮȴȫİһС
м䣬ʮʱ⡣
񣬿Ѿһ˫Ů̲ܽסһɬ
Ҫŵϵĺǣֻ¾Ҫˡ
þеܽǽҪĳ嶯ѹסˣ¶һЦݣԸ֣Ըĸ׺úơ
⻰Ӷ⡣
躸ãǰףҲֻЩѣԸͲһˣܽȻô˵˶һۣ϶ǼΪŵ𾪱顣
ȻԸǾؿܽĸף²ֱ˵
Ȼû˵ı֪Ըһ˼
ܽһϡ
ܿ´ĸûʲô£ûˣҪǹ˵˵һŶѡ
˵ʱܽܵԼıԵһЩŵĺǡ
ȴǲ֪ıԽ̬ͣԽǺͰܵľҲԽ
˵ĸףǿһѾ
ʮʵһֱףΪʲôǵĸǣȴֶĮѵĸ׶Ǿûκһ۰
ҪȻΪʲôЩǲûĸ׵ϸܵκεĹذĸ׻ʱʱľҪЩûôأ
Ļ£ĸ׶
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ΪŮҪ˵ԼĸûĽ֮飬õĸ׵۰ǿ϶ǲܵģʼʱҲͨĺͯһϣĸܹԼϣĸڿԼʱܹ¶ůЦݣЩ꣬ĸ׶ǵ䵭ĮӣȴһĽĵ׵ĥ
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ĸôֻҪˮʯһ죬ܻԸ׽ġ
ܽ±ö
Ŀ͵ؿӣ躸ԸǶѾ׼ˣٹһͿˡ
躸ԳĬţûҪӦ˼
ܽҲΪ⣬ͿԸԸôŻظʲô𣿡
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13 

ΪĸףһһʮûмԼŮĸף֮ܽԻʣҲֻǳڹĶѡ
ǣԸǿɾͲôˡ
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ܽڵʱҲûж룬ԸĻشȴǰӳѩӳЩԸĻ
Ը˾竣нôһ
ȻԸȴһӹܣͬײ˽ᣬҥԴ˳
һ뵽Щܽ;ͷͻͻۡ
ҪŮǻ͹ϵýŮǸС
ڡ
ֻԸľ裬֪ܽҪʱ˵ֻ̣¾ֳĬдεնҪƻ
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ԸǸܵǰ躸еĹŹˡ
һǲĵĸףôͻȻҪ׽ˣ
ʮǵĸö䶼ݣǰЩҲͲˣɣĸײǼ棬ÿһμ棬˵ԸҪЩѽǰЩʲôɡĹǸ¡
躸
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㲻һܹܶã

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ܽȻҲܹóԸķܵģû˵ʲôշֻҪĵ۰ǣʱ䳤ˣܹܵġ
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ԴˣܽǺġ
𹫿꣬ԭҪӼв˵ģŶ˶֣ȴֶסˡ
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ĸֵֹҲͰˣôҲùֵֹˣ
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ܽ躸û£УҪʱ躸Ҳһܹ࣬Լ·ܹڳݲ̫˵
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ȴ롭
ûᡣ
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14 ϰ

ڡ
躸ܹһʱΣҼʱתķʽΧ
ܽôܹۣ
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ԭ躸ҲЩˣȴ֣躸Ȼ˵ԸԵĲˣȴû˵Լġ
ܽ躸ȴ躸ͷԷǰЩֻ˵һ㡣
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ôۡ
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Ժ뺢һţʱˣܿ躸ʲô
һٷҲֳĬ֮гˡ
ܽԼûгԶٶһֱעӵĶ
֣躸ʳϵĲʽÿһЩȴȫûرϲĵˣΪÿһǳֹ
ԸǰȻ֣ΪˣǶֻųԼϲĲʽӣ׾ܽǵϲá
Ըƫʳϵзʨͷܽһ˾һ룬Ŀζƫڶǵ֮⣬ǳ˲һҷԱˣһδģ
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Ѳɣĸ׾ǾܾȻץסǵʹŲɣ
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ô궼ģβޣҲϰˡ
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15 

һܽշתܾ࣬ò˯
ڶһ磬һصӳѩԸһҪϸԵĲˡ
ӳѩȻҲӣȥ˳ܽķԸ
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ӳѩӳᰶһۡ
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Ƿǣ˴ڡӳᰵ
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нţҲøﲻ׶ѣ棬ֻ˭Ҳ˵׼
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-

16 ܹ

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ˡ
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17 ػ

ʣֻҪ֪ķ˿ɲǰЩܹǺŪľˡܹܻ˵꣬ŲͣԺȥ
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ЩͻȻ䣬ö˶һˣȻ˴ı仯ܹȫסˣ
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18 ʶ

һԼʮţһɫѣȾ˪ķֻһüΪɾ䣬һƫЦųܽ򸣡
밲ɫΪ
ţܽЩ죬ϸһǰϵŵġ
Ҧܽտʼ޵ʰЩٱŪĵūʱҦŴ
ܽǵãҦźܻˣֲ֮ҵ˺Ϊá

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ΪۼܽƼҵģЩεĻƣǰЩ˵뻧˼ҵСΪһ֣֬ҦӲԽľÿϧ

ԼݣҦż־ԼϧЩЦ
ǿˣǳƷֻҪڣ̫ʺĹˣҲø棬Щл֮٣ֵõԼȥϧأ
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Ȼ⣬ҦӺܿҲ񣬳ܽ˸طˣūҷȷʵҦ
ܽ΢΢ͷ
ҲЩˣ뽪ңЩūʱҦӴĽγѣҪʰЩ긮棬ҦӴĽ
뵽ЩܽЦЦȻӳѩȥѷϻó
ʮĿհףܽкܶϸ֮ǲ֪ģͱϼȻ˵ţĴѾôҲ֪ǡ
ӳѩ΢΢һ
ӳѾڷ߷ˣǶ֪˿ɴûιǣ˷һЩҪĶǴġ
УҲͰ˷ϻӡ
ӳѩҲܽĴѾߣûڶҲ֪ġ
ܿͻعӦǡȻ첽ȥһһֻϻӻ
ϻװľǸ˵
ȻҲӳѩġ
Ҳ֪ЩҪԣӳѩϻӵ̬ŶΪ֣ء
ˡӳѩϻܽĸǰ
ܽûнӹϻӣǿֱߵһۣʾӳѩϻӸϡ
ûҪ򿪿˼
Ȼܽһ׼ܹܣڵϡ
ܹܹӦкηԸ
ۣܽйЩΪ˵һ顣
һ㶼ûлɣܹܶЩ˵Ϊ᲻֪顣
ܹҲȷʵûܽʧԸ֮ûκεĳɣ¾ͽʮЩΪ˵Щ˵Ǻβ£һ̰˶ӣ˭˭˭Щʲô¡
ȵȡ
ЩܹһԺʮ亹ᡱһ¾ð˳Ҳʪˡ
Щү⣬ʮҲֻظΣʼǲ£ҪֱЩʩѹ˻ȥСȻҲ䵽Щ˵
ڷ˸ոռ޽꣬Щ˾Ų£ÿﶼСģҳʲô©ڷ֮󣬾͸˵ɽϻӳƴһЩС̽һȵȷķĲḮ֮ǵĵȻҲ͸һ
Ϊ£Ĳ¸вͬÿһﶼܹ൱ӡ
ϾƵ
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19 ޿

¹˿ڲ࣬ҪάôһۡÿĿȻһΪӴ֡
ЩǾɸֻ֮ȥġ
ôǮ֣ʼʱڷյϣڹ²̰֮ģʱ䳤ˣҲһֱǸµģֻ˭̵ܹס
ǵ˺Щ꣬ͷ֮ЩǵĵԽԽԼڴ̵ҲԽԽࡣ
˵ÿһµңֻ¶ҪȾЩƷٵҪˡ
ҲܽԺػӵ˲Ż˲ʣ֪ĸٻ£ѰдǱܶ
ƫվŵЩ£ͬʣֻܹǲͬѰ̬ȣŸ˹
ǣʱҲֻǾã˾ҪƼңһҲضʲôֻͼ֮
뵽
˲ûͼ֮һ־Ǵ
ңǳԾĻܹܡ
ΪܹܣܹǸôҲԽȥģЩ¶Ϊǽܹüá
ҪȻЩܹôǵΪһֻ۱һֻأ
뵽ܹȷʵûйǣȴκһĴ©֮һһʮ˵˷
ܹܵ˵Լ˵֣ʮֻǱһֻֽ߬ţһǱɷס
Ƿ׷ðĿ⿴ܹܣǰܹܸܵǵĿ⣬ܹ顣
ûãǵľ֮£ܹܻ˽ʱĹ򣬲ŽʮЩΪ˵ˡ
ɴ˿ɼЩж൨ˡ
ܽͷβֻţɫûκεı仯
ĪģʮȴǾĿԽԽͣǶ޷ˡ
ܺáܹ˵꣬ܽ˵ͷĿɫʮɨЩ꣬г
ʮȥЩ֮еѾ٣󲿷ֶס
ⲢЩµɣҲܽŹǡ
ֻһۣܽûЩ£ǳܹܵ˵ͷϣûЩµѰ˽Щ˸Ϲ
ǡܹӦüΪɴࡣ
Ӧܹܴ֮ϻｫʣЩҪǵĹµ˳ȥ˼ǿ׳ĻԸȥץˡ
ĻܹڹŵģЩ˿ɲѰĻǴսĽʿЩΪѾûˣЩǴսϹϴ˲Уѡ˽ΪǵĽػ԰
ȻһЩмҪ䣬κһҵĻԶԶǡ
ȥЩ¶ѣȻǲѴ֮ġ
ʱڻʮԺƫ
ܹܼΪתܽķԸȻ˵ҪϵģǾһǽϹУ
ԣЩŴ缫ΪʵĹƫʱһĶΪǱﻹó֮ǰ棿
ӵʱжΪ̡
ǰ˻ȥԺػǰЩ˷ҪƼҵͷģΪһǰЩҲһӵ˵ȻȥԺػ
ҪȥԺôʾЩ˵ľأ
ԣӵ׵֮󣬾͸Ի˼ҡ
ΪĹ£ӵסҪڹڣҪڹ붼Ϊ㡣
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ȵĿĵأɫѱķˣӵһ飬漴ͦ
֮кЩ˶ǽҵļӣڸﾭӪô꣬˵;Ӫ̸ĹϵǷ˴ҪʰǣҲô׵ġ
ǣҪף
˵ˡ
ô겻Ƽң⣬ôôô£
ңŷЩǺܴĿܶʲô£Сѣʲôµģ
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򣬿ļҵ˸ĸǰŵģ
뷨ӵҲǰˣһĴЩ֮ѣϵȵˣšͨһܽǰ
˰Դͷ󣬡Ҫūūǵ˷˵Σܹһ̯ӵ£ûйҲпͣЩç׵ľͳūǵļҪɱū𣿡
-

20 Ϸ

˵꣬Ӿʹͷ
ͷʣµЩҲѧһʼ
һʱ䣬ƫֻǵĿ޺ˡ
ܽﴽЦЦʵЦȴδ۵ס
Щˡ
Ϊô޺һԼͻˣ
ǰʮġԼЩūģܽܲˣڼȻѾˣЩ˵ƣעвͨ
ܽҲûм˵Ƕ輸ϵĲǳǳһڣֻ֮˷Ŀ޺ǴŵЦġ
ͺڿӵ˾ıŵһϷһ㡣
ҲȷʵһϷ
ǳϷҲ˶Ϸǣ
Ϸζɲôܵġ
ڵӵˣ٣ʵϿɲڳϷô
ǿŵĵĸϿ֮ˣ˵ҲҪںԼģҪǴʲô²ϣǶ˲ʲȵԣǰװ棿
ҲΪˣһﻹڣӵ˶ûȥϸ˭ȿʼ
ԭΪƤòźã˾ͻϹҲסˡ
ĸŹ󸾣ŭǵΪЩ˵СȨСأ
Ȼ󣬽ȻҲǰ漸һǵ֮´Ƽҵ뷨ల¡

ЩôţԷԼλСӣɶǲаĵġ
ʲô¶ܣǲҲñϹϾŲǣ
عŸ񣬾е˲
ӵ˶ġ
ڡ
Ϸһ룬ȴ֣ķչһʼͳǵ
˲ûΪЩ˵ƶöûǴ˾֮ð벽ŭûУΪ淶˶ţؿǣǾԼݼΪ׾ӵϷһ㣬ͬʱҲԽԽûеˡ
һΣǲˣ
һ߼˿޺һ۴ܹܵˡ
ڣﻢµЩˣ֪ܹܲǶ⸮¿ˣʱӦøܹػǣΪʲôһҪ˱ͷŪأ
ҲŷƤŻͬһ顣
ͬʱӵʵҲȥڡ
ϾǶԼʵ֪ūţ߬ڷ˵أҪǽǵöŭˣֱӲܲ˵Ƿˣ޶ûضޣ
ڷ˲һҪ̨
뷨ӵĿ޺Ȼǰǰˡ
ŽݵʱһƳܹ⣬ڣæ͵УҦ￴˹ȥ
һۣɫɷף޹ġ
ΪʶҦŵġ
ҦΪóˣǸܸĻӭȻȻģһҦӵ͸
ӸľǸĲˣȻҲѾͷС˵Ľ
ҲֻʶҦˣȴûҦˡ
ΪΣ
ȻΪҦ˶̵úã۸ҲҪһЩ
Լ§Ӷˣô⻨ȥЩѾͷСأҪ֪ʡµӣɶԼ
ڡ
Ҧȴ˷
ζʲô

Щֹ֣ȴҲĽз˶ŭµĲǷ˶ŭ֮²ܲ˵ĽǷȥ
ǾٱߣҲĸˡ
ԭΪֻССһôҲŭ˷ˣڿɲ
뵽ҲǶŭˣӶʱͻˡ
ˣūˣū˰ūһΰɣūҲˡ͵ر
ǰôõĿ޺ҪһЩ
ֻĿ޺ûܽݣǽһЩϹЩǸһ
ǳѵı֣ԭﻹЩĹǶɰԹӣϷѣݵôʲôⲻǳĵЩ˱ݵ̫
Թ֮Щ˲ͻȻӦӿ޺ݡ
ڡ
˸ģ
ʣµĹһǹӲԤȴԽԽǿˡ
Ҫ˵Щ֮УƼҵģǾͷĪˣҪȻ֮ǰҲǳͷˡ
ǰҪһʱӿǱĴһôڣô׵ľ͸ˣ
-

21 

ڹ¶֮һάſ޺һҲĴ
ȻǶʶҦӣҲкüϳҦӵģʶԼ˵ĴҲǰһ֮£ԽԽи顣
ƫ˷ģһ˵ã
ŻˣܽŵĲյϣյײӴ΢һડ
ӦǱ˵Ŀ޺ڸǵ΢죬ƫƫħһ㣬ֱӽӵ˵Ŀ޺ѹȥ
𣿡ܽɫص
ӵͷһݣ㻹ټģƫƫĪĲˡ
ǣԭƫ¹Ϊƽ
ûоӵˣܽһûиǣǾԿܹܣϡ
ȻܽĻֻ˸ͷѾ㹻ܹ֪˼
ˣЩ˵ܹܽһϡ
ܽⷭţתҦӣҦӣЩҶҪˣ㿴ŷȥɣ⸮ﻹҪһЩˡ
û˵꣬һġͨ
ԭȴӵ⻰ϥһ½һͨͨľ͹ڵء
ˣȴ󱯣ūһΰɣūҲˡ
ˡ
һεĿ޺
һΣӵ뵽ԼǱ֮ˣһǿɣҪжҾжҡ
ҪһЩƤЩӣĿ֮£˵Ļַ̧һ

ܽûκεĶݡ
֮ǰ˵ûҪϾɱ˼ʮֳһҲԼԭֻҪЩʵʵģҲССͽһˡ
ƫƫӵЩΰѿŸĸ񣬾ǽĶҰˣѹͲܽٻҪʼʩְ취ĸ˲
ȻĻ
ܽûݵ˵ĺؽ
ȻӵĻˣǾͷ˰ɡ
ܽӦԿ˵Ǽ򵥴ֱ
ɣá
ڷЩ˻ʲôĺܽν
ĸԼҲˣ˵Ҳûκοָģ㾩Щ฾Ҫ˵ôֻҪЩ˵Լ滹ǵ¶Цǲ͵ˣ
˵ˣܽǰȻ˳޲ѵĴĸ˵ʵ治ĸǰ⡣
ûӵ˵ĺУܽ˵ֻ꣬Ҧӡ
ҦǰҲһ
ԭ;ýⳡʶӵ˽֮ҦӾ͸ȷʮǰһĻ
ȻôȥˣЩҲл֮ٴλ˵Ƣһ統ꡣ
˵Ļ
˵ЩЩ˵ĴԣʵҲʧƫĵأ
Щ뷨㶼ûеҦӵĻӦ
ɫ΢ط˵ĻūǾġ
ǰ֪ͨҦӿǽе̺˵˶˹ģֻЩ˶ڶѡ
ܽҪˣһǹġ
ΪһţҦĵ
ܽͷˣƣٸЩ˹ۡ
ҦҪ˵ͱӴˡ
ˣ֪޷⣬Ҳȥˣһ˫۾ͨ죬̧ͷЩֱضܽū˶ǸļӣһСڸ̶ꡭ
Ļδ˵֮꣬Уȴв֮⡣
ܽȻӵ˼
ӵǸļӣЩ֮໥ͨ飬񣬸ļ֮Ĺϵڸӣһʱֻ֮ġ
£Ľӵ˷˳ȥôǵļˣԼ׵ȣȻʲô뷨ûС
Щ뷨ڸôָǾķأ
ӻ˵ִвĻҲţܽĽǶˣɲ˶ķڷʱǿɾҪˡ
ڣЩйص˶ȥǲܡ
֮以ףѾȫˣܲܽе˶˰ɣ
Ҳһ㣬Żŵ˵һ仰ֻϣܹһ
ģֻҪβȥԺһһʵʵģҲ˰ˡ
ֻӣЩ֮ǰһĹǣҲдڴϢ񣬵ܽĻӦ
ӦϵӣҲϵÿһ˵Ľɲǲġ
-

22 

ֻǣӵû뵽ǣܽѹûлӦ
֮ܽûҪӵ˶˵ʲôǵ״ûС
ûӵĻܹܽܣϣһжˣ
ܹͣٶûУطˣжһʮˣģӵйϵԼʮˣӵŮǹ﷿ĶѾߣǶүߵСˡ
ĻشûгܽԤϡ
ϱǸ澰̫µģʵʵĹֻǽҺ˴ҵļǣҲһһڽң񣬵Ǽӣֻ¹䶼ϵϵ
ܹ˵ģӵйϵֻʮˣһûǰܹܹЩ£ΪʮǰܽѾһˡ
ܹܵĻܽŵһۿӣԣңȻҪǣҪøɴһЩǵļˣԼйϵȫһȥ
ӻ̱
û뵽Լвûκεã׵ȶǣ˽ȥ
֪ˣ֪ˡ
ӻڲ
µķӦҲࡣ
ܽЩ˵ķӦ
ӵвҲδ̫Цˡ
ҲЩ̫ˣŻ˽Լһ¡
ûѲɻó˴ë
ӵ˵ļˣԼйϵЩǲ޹ģǾ͸˵ˣܽɲţЩӵ̽ڴӣǵļûֻܵ˵ӵûΪǵļı
ҪӵŮôһԸԺһȥԺ
Ȼܵӵ˴ĺôôӵ˵ùˣЩ˸ŵùⲻ
俴ҪֲҵӵˣܽҲԣҪֻǷȥǽ˹ˣû˵ĸĲʲˣˣǾǹžۣһ뿪ɡ
ڣ˹˹֮仹ܾܲһǾҪǵ컯ˡ
ˣ

ӵֻ䣬֪ôǻ̲ס
ôһĹҦѾ˽˶˽̫࣬ƫվ£ܽȥԺ
Ϊ׼úܳ㣬ҦδϰˣЩ˵䣬ӼͯʮӣӦоУܹܽҪ
ʵϣҦҲҡ
ֻϰ׼ȫټһ֪ˣĪľʮǰľŻὫȫ˳ҲҿˣҪȻһʵܲɶδ֪ء
΢ҦָԼվãԹܽѡ
ǵãʮǰʱλ˿һ˫ۣĿɶɫˡ
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˼£Ҧӵˣ˶ˣЩūѾ̺˵ģõģ˹¡
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ܽɨɨҦӴˣ˵ͷվһţεҽǰ
Ҧ
ò˵ҦҲȷʵŵıǮֵ̹֮ЩˣÿһŶΪɾ䣬˫񣬽жȣŻǲ
ܽʱʱıȺ֮еһҲ͵ʮˡ
ЩɡܽȻܹܣϣЩȥٰŵ
ǣˡܹӦһ²Щ¡
ͬʱܹʮˣҲĻȺŤ͵ԺЩͻȻѺ˹ѹ֪׷ʲô£ò׼Ϥˣ̲ס׷ʡ
һʱ֮䣬Ժֵþ͸ǲгһ
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һߣҲ֮䵽ܽϡ
ΪūֱͣˣԭʮֲõģЩͻȻ䣬ټǰʮ˾ܽ˽£ģֻǼҪЩ˸ıʮγɵϰߣȴοܣ
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ǵѾҦҪǹԹԸҦߣȴҲǲܵġ
ҦľһУȻ֪˶ԹȻǴġ
-

23 

ҦҲû뵽ᷢôˣȻǲģôײģǽһ֡
ܽšüͷ
ϣøĻŻһ̡Ը
ܹܸϽкĻǳ֣ôǰѿֲݵ˸סˣȵЩߣԺ°
ܿ죬ܹ»ˡ
ˣ˶ѾˣǴߵĶҲһûߣЩ֮жүС˺͹ߵѾߡܹЩΪѡ
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ʲô
ܹﰵ̾˿ŵɲɣү͹һͳţߴˡ
˲֪ү͹ŵ£ԭǲ˵ģ֪ôأ
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һ磬æŴӵ˵£źŻһãҲûйĹע˭룬Ըһͳţ
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뵽ǻδԼ׽ԼҪŬܽüͷҲչ
ԸߵС˺Ѿߡ
ܽɲὫȷطԼҶŮߡ
˵ͬܵЩĸֻ˵ӱԼҪԷԸߣ˭֪ǻ᲻ỳģӶԸ˵Щʲô
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ҪǶ˸۶ܹܵҲǱһԱˡ
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һĹ򣬴Щūָ²˰˲£Ҳൽʱˡ
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ܽûм˰ڷʵȥԸɻˣ
˵ˣԺźŶԺãȴһֱڶδѲˣ
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-

24 

ܽĴѾߣӳѩӳ¿˵Ǽ·
ܽصͷ
ʱӳѩǲȥϺŵһСѾǰԸظˡ
ܽϾͿԿˣ¸ˣҲûע⵽СѾϵΪֹ
ӳѩע⵽ҪһʱԺѾһ
ô£ܽʵ
ΪãﵹҲ֮⡣
ԭֹСѾԣٲæطˣүŵ˶ϣܹܾ˽үߵС˺͹ߵѾ߸סˣ˵Ƿ˷ԸҪ˷ȥү͹Щˡ
ȫί˵ˡ
ʵϣֹǲ˰Ըֱǻðɡ
һͳţ涺ЩãǰյϰߣǾˣҲܽÿնҪȥԺźţŻϻظ
ԭţҲ֪ĸû׼ʲôĳʳӶЩڴأ뵽һ˶ţĻɷس˳ֱӽߵѾСסˣ˵Ƿ˷ԸҪ͵﷢ˡ
Ըȷŭί
úõģһҪֲԼʧúùǵģһ첻ȻͳߵѾС֡
ڸǲ
뷨Ը⣿
һŻǽ˴ߣһڵԺ
һҪָܽ
ԸǹСӣĸǣⲻһ·ͳµĵԺ档
˵꣬СѾͷҿܽɫ
ʵϣܽɫȻÿҲ㲻úѿ
֪ʮĸҪõŮǵΣҪĸӡĸŮǼ׵£ҪʱһһȥС
ԸУԼĸס
ֻ»ȲߵѾߺС׽
ԣڲ£ǻΪҲ¡

֪һ㣬ܽЩ
ҪŮԹںãҳ
ܽһԼԼϵЦݿŸȻһЩȻӭ˹ȥ
ųţͼԸһקһˣܹԼԺ
ܽϵЦݻ
մӵˣ˸ѪҲûбЩˣܽԸԭ˽⣬ֻ¼Ը˳Ժһ·ϲ֪ж˻ڰ￴Цˡ
ܽԼĶŮ˿Ц
ԸԼǰԸֹ𣿡
ϣԭµԸر㰲
漴˸ŭˡ
ĪҪߵѾС˷ˣһǣָ֣
ŭͬʱ˼ίʧ
ȻǶ϶ˣֻܽѪ˵ֹ̬ˣǵȻϣܽҪ׽ǡ
ԣȷܽǰûʲô仯ǵŻ˸ӡ
ŬеԸһ޵صܽĸףҪҺߵˣҪ𣿡
Ҳͬı鿴ܽ
Ҫ˵ԸǶߵС˺Ѿж࿴أҲǽŽӺŮԸԺ̶µĹܶжĸ飿
֮ԻôķӦֻǾԼܵƭѡ
ǵĸ֮ԻǺɫֻҪǽ;裬ѰŻﵽδ֪ĿĶѡ
ⲻǲһиĸ׾Ҫߵˡ
ô
һ
ԸԽԽŭЩ̡
ǵĸףҲǹĸʲô
ҲˣǲŻڳ⸱ǿӲ̬
ôǾԲЭģ
Ը߬ȭͷ
һ˫Ůţֻܽ
ʮĮӣԸĶӡٹˣı䣬ţ
˼ܽŽͷɬѹ£ƽ͵صԸĸײǣǷҲԭġ
ʲôԭΪǻ𣿡ԸܽĻĸףȻûб䣬һ㶼ûб䣡
û˵ȴǽŴ
ʣҲͬԸ˵ġ
-

25 Ҳ

˫ΪƵ۾ʱһģһķŭʧĿǼ֧һ㣬ֱֱܽ絶ʡ
ܽȷʵҪúòŮЩԵĿ࣬ҪǴùϵܵļˣҲˣҲۣͬ
յգһͷԼ߷˾䣬еһ˵ҲİģĶŮˡ
ҪôϢҪŬȥӦΧİһУҪչ˶Ů뷨ȡԼ׽
ܽҲۡ
ֻϧŮܵĿ࣬Խеƣ۶ѹĵ׶ѡ
һ˫Ů˳ţԭѹƣʱӿͷܽҪǰһжĳ嶯
ԸһֻһΡ
ǡ
ôãܽⲢΡ
֪Ҫӱһкܼ򵥣ֻҪȥʮһʲôҲˣ˵ĶŮǻһЩɾôۣôĲأ
ĶŮǶǴϵ⣬ǴȻҲӦþΡ
ǰʮ꣬ĸ׵ȱϯˣⲢǳı⣬ʵˣΨһģҲǸ躢еĹذӦߵ·
˵Щ뷨̶ֻһ˲ܽӿµЩƣ룬ȻҲͱѹȥ
ܽЩʱԸûеȵӦľʧˡ
ǵĸףǱ˵£Զм
ЩѾϰ˲Լĸױκεϣһȷһ㣬Ը̲ס
ܽԼһ˫ŮǱСһ㣬ŬֳҺסģֻҪǵ۾ܿжѹ
ܽѹͬʱЩЦ
ţȥһ˫ŮԴ
Ϊ뷨ԭЩܽҲָ
ûܽڣͼԸ̧ͷĸףʲô㣬ҺǾԲһڲģҲڸӰҺƽ

ܽԸĻ
֪ԸǰЩʲôΪʲôҪƽȥΣԸ⻰˵ꡣ
ֻ򡭡
ʻԼĸףѾˡ
Ȼ츮Ѿһ飬Ըô˵Լĸ׵ģǱ˭˳ȥԸԺֻ¾ûκεˡ
ԸǸŸ竣ǵ競ȥˣڹȻĸ׵ģмˣ
ǼТģʥ϶̫󶼹мӣʥıʣ泼ӵĶŮ֮л治ТģֻҪʷһԸкùӳԡ
ǻδŮ޸ùϵܽҲǾԸ治Тķȥġ
Ըܽһǳ⣬ĵһӦǲ
ΪԼ˵ˣЩֵܡȻǹĹӡҲ۹˭֪˹ʲôأ
Ż£ĸָǵĸȴǺ£ɴ˿ɼһˡ

ѵһʼ
Ĵҹ
ֻû˽ѡ
Ȼĸộǣƾʲôǣ
Щĸ׵ʹޣһ˲価ӿԸͷҪһеĽеĲŭй
Ҫ˵ţʹܽ۾
躸Ը۾ܽǰЩ꣬ҪÿÿܴԼ˵ϿܽӰӣֻԸҪΪǶǴ汧ˡ
ʱ˫˼ΪƵ۾ٲƴǰֻĮʢϣֻ˫۾һۣԸǿ˿һ㣬ԭҪ˵ЩȴҲ޷˵ˡ
һʱ֮䣬ԸȾ죬ֵıŤ
ʱ躸Ҳˡ
ӳѩ˹ȥ躸ͶǰԺˣֻû뵽ĶûԸϵľԸǲܲ˵ʣԼܽ
躸Ŀ΢΢
Ȼ󲽽ԺӣվԸǰ棬ߵ̬һš
ܽ״οᡣ
οǣŮʹôЩͷܹͬģ˴˰
ǡ
Լĸ׵ģȴŮվ˶档
-

26 

ܿ죬ܽͽ뷨ѹ¡
ĿԺ񣬺޲ýԼһ΢ϵɨҲϲˣñսԼ죬췢Ǵһֳȥǡ
Ļû˵꣬е˼ȴԲ
ԺһȻ뻮һ尫һء
״躸˿
곤һЩȻ֪ҪԣҲƽʱԸǽǵݶں£治ТȴһҲմ
֮躸΢΢
ʵû뵽ܽάԸ˾Ժˡ
ܽȷԺ˶ҽ֮⴫ŵǶ°ɡ
ǣˡ
ԺһصѾŴ⣬æ˳Ժӡ
ԸԺС˽ӺѾӣͬһãÿŵͦģ̫Щ
Ҳһ¡
ʵϣѾЩˡ
ŸŶү͹صлҪŤȥУǷѾǷˣ֮ȻǲԸġ
ǸļӣڣСҲЩŻСһЩ˼ҵүСҪһūõĳ·ҲǸڹߣֻӶ˷ء
ӺӶڵҲûʲô
ڶү͹߶ð춼ȥ泤ʶóԵĺһ٣Ǻ޲źء
ҪǽҪһ£Ҳ͸ˡ
ĺӣ˵ҪǷˣԺ˭Ҳ˵ô⣿
˵ˣ˿ɲǵĸǱ˷ȥ
ڽӺӵܳʲô£һܻסǡ
ԣ˲Żڱ;÷ŭίԸ˼䣬ɲͽԸŭ˳ô
ɴ˿ɼܽӵ˵һˣһûС
Ӻԭţ˺үĹϵҲǳһܵĹǻȥѰӸ
뵽˾Ȼôͽѹѹûܳ
£ӺﻹҼȻﶼˡ
ңԻظ֮󣬽Ӻʱʱľܽյͬ۹⣬ټַָףЩ˲ԤС
Ǹү͹ŵһﵽ׷ʲô
˼ȥѰӡ
˲վһСͱֹܽˡ
¡ܽ
Ӻӻһ
ǵȻԸ£˷ǲΪ˸ʲôùӳԣ˷ˣѵҲ
ֻƳ˽Ӻһۣܽ¿ŮǸҽ
ȻȽݡ
躸˶һۡ
Ըԭ˵Щʲô躸ҡҡͷ֮󣬵ҲߵĻ˻ȥһŽ
ٺ棬ǽӺӡ
ܽڻˣȵԼӺӽԸΪҷǹڴǵ
Ըδ˵ǵĳĬѾһˡ
ܽҲûнͣĿӹԸ䵽˽Ӻӵϣ˴һ£ٶȿڡ
ǾǽӺӡܽص
ļԺãǰܹܽʮ˵ʱ㱨˳Ҳͼˡ
ӺԻһͨһ͹ڵϡ
Ҳ˵ΪʲôƽʱҲƵˣҪȻӲߵĶѾߣҲܺƲĴѾˣһۣǾ͸ûĺ«һһֶҲҶ˵
ҲһĹ˵ϾѾĺ顣
Ը״Ҫ˵ʲôԱ躸ֹˡ
躸磬ԸΪأȻЩ⣬˳躸˼ʲôҲû˵
ܽŵԸǿ֪ĸΪҪǣ
ԸȻ֪ǿܽڽŷߵǵ棬ҪȻӺӷʲôҲ˵һǡ
˵ķŭʵҲԴڴˡ
ԣܽĻӦ躸Ҫ˵̲סߡһ
ܽһЦԸߵС˺ͶѾߣǣǿ֪ÿµǶ٣

˵Ը躸ܽҲЩȵġ
-

27 ɵ

躸Ըҡҡͷ
Ը˭Ǿ竣ƽʱ߻ľǴ˷֧˴ѵӣһȺ־ͬϵԺȣɵʮµ⣬ô֪һСÿµж٣
ǹңӽԸҪϸ࣬Ѿߵ֪
֪ҷѾߵһǮѾһǮС˵Ҳ֪Ҳ١
ܽЦЦ˵ûǶѾߣһǮС˵Ҫһ㣬ѾһҲһǮ
Ըûܽʲô˼躸ĿڽӺӵϴ˸תѾЩ
Ӻӣͬûܽ⣬֪ΪΣûЩ䡣
ܽʱӺӣÿһ˵ھǸҵˮƽҲͣǿϴĴĶʲô
ԸһȻƫͷϸǵС˺Ѿߡ
ԵľѾˡ
ǰεģȻҲ磬ټҲ㹻磬һܱȵһЩټСˡ
ɫĺɵ⻬ȻȲƽӣ۸һ㶼ˣͷ˫Ѿ٣һߴһӫ黨ȻͷС˵㣬ҲԲй󣬿ɼҲǾ˾ѡġ
黨֮⣬ϻһԻƳγεĽ׹
ϸϻһ㱡ۣ֬֬ȻȲ֥֬һֻҲҪһϡ
ƽʱû̫⣬ҲӵĴʲô⣬ܽһٿһȴôЩˡ
ǰ
ôûзأ
ţֿߵĽӡ
ӵҡӵĴˣҲΪµ͵ΪΪӣŮǽϴ
ͬһµıɫĺѣӺڡ°ڵȴΪϸµĹ˱߶ʮ߰ĵʮг
ϵһͬɫƺЩۣϸһܷ֣ϲд壬һ׺˼Ө飬ͷ黨ࡣ
עģ׺ǿˡ
ʹֻһɨȥҲܿǿĳɫ൱ֻ¾Ҫȫµμһ
ҪҲ롣
ϾԸƽʱϲһȺ˳Ժ֣ҲɣʱʱĴһЩӣҲǲܵġ
ǡ
ԸôɣҲǴһЩӣôܻὫ͸ߵСˣ
򣬹ĶɶǵǼڲģ͸ˣҲڲϼ
Ը鷳ͳһ㣬ҲԸӣͶ
Ƕ͵ģǣӵǴӺζģ
뵽ǰܽ˵ģӺӵЩˡ
ˣԸͼˡ
˼Ͳϸ壬ټϽԴߣ϶ǰһģϰ֮󣬵ҲûзʲôԵġ
ⲻǡ
һж
ô磬һ˼
ԸĪż
ܾãԼȴ
šüͷӵĴôˣ̺򣬲һֱ𣿡
ܽһϡ
뽪սϵŲߣԼҲʱ˳ǾôǾôһɵأ

õķ룬ҲԸ˼ǣ
ܽҲֻοԼˡ
ѾˣԸһ˼ӣһѵ磬Ӻӵֻһһ㣬һĴҲͰˣҲǼʮӵǿ壬ҲҪϰЩӶģ
Ըһ㶡
ȻԲŽӣӣүҶҲ㾹Ȼ͵үӣ
ܽ躸ɸ
ôҲû뵽Ըǵóһ
ܽ˵ķӦԸǲ⣬ɵɵʣ磬ʲôһǮӣǴ͵͵ӣôܴôʣ
룬д
ԸӺףһã
̣ܽЦ˳
ãҪǲѽ¶˵ɵôҲ뵽
ǣܽǲ͵ӣĸӣЩŸԺĲ򣬿ûԼĿڴӡ
-

28 

ӣ
⼸֣ԸҲ׹ˡ
ӹԺĲÿﾭֵӶһСĿûʱʱţҪڴӣҲټ򵥲ˡ
֮ǰܹܽڹЩΪʱӡ
˵Ϊб˽ңѼǮļһĵļ۸񣬴ӶмĲ̽ԼĿڴ
ˣĶ֪ˡ
Ҫܹʱ̫֣ô˼䣬ֻýĿڴ
Ȼ˵ЩŵģɴҲԿóж̰ˡ
еĹ֮УģҲˡ
ŹѪ֪жͼвӵ棬˵ЩҪܽŸɣʵʵԺػܽҲԲġ
ԸĬˡ
ǲ֪ӽĲ£˶ӣֻӺӵĴܿһˣֻ£ڽӺϵģֻǾţһëѡ
ĵū
˭ҵĸҲǾԲǵġ
Ը룬̲סӹӣǶˡ
ܽһɨԸʣµĻ˻ȥ
֪ΪΣĸ׵ûκεĸı䣬¶ľȴǰȫһˣ˫۾ֻҪϿһۣʶĲ֮ӡ
Ը漴Щŭ
ɲĸ׵ǰ¶ӣҪȻĸԺ󻹲֪ô۸أ
Ըǵɴһ˫۾ܽҪܽ˭۾һ
ܽ̿ˡ
Ը۾һ˫۾úؿԸŬڳһҺסҲǡҪ۸ҡģҲܽҪúԴ˳˳ë
ɵӡ
֣ܽ־档
ȷʵȱʧʮ꣬ҲΪˣ˵ŮϵÿһԣҲǼΪġ
Ѱĸо
ֻҪӣһһĽŮǵ͸һ죬һΪصĸ׵ġ
뷨ܽü滺˿ů
ԸܽţȴԽԽա
һҲûоĸױŵˣô

롣
ܽ͵͵Ц˺һɫԸ˵ӣӺ޹أҲǨŭǵϣ𣿡
Ըʶص˵ͷ
ȷʵġ
ܽȴȷʵģǣӿ˿ЩӣȫԼ𣿡
˵ͬʱܽŽӺ￴˹ȥ
Ըһȡ
Ӻӿɲŵ£ֻ£мӣ
ȻǲƾԼðһͷЩ˭׼ģҲԲˣֻ³۾˶ܿó
ԸˣֵܽǼȻӿ˿ӣҿӦã·ܰζ
ԸĬ
Ը躸ܽ⻰Ҳ˳Ĭ֮С
ܾãܽﻹл
ܽҲûӲ˼ΪŮ˳ĸٹ⣬ȻҲҪܳʧĺӺˣҲˡ
νһپ٣һҲˡ
ֻĹû䵽ĵزǲŲóܸĿѶѡ
ȻΪֿȣ˭ܿ϶һֱ
񾡹ءֲûУһʷҳ٣ܽҲֻһӶѡ
ԡܽǼȻӴСųӱˣǾãǻ޹ϿûֻҪܺôеκεı¡
Ը죬ȴʲôҲû˵
òϣܽ˵һ㶼û
ܽĻû˵ء
ǰһ˫ŮŽӺӳԺʱϵĵƣ˫΢΢һУǻظ֮ǰѾҷȥˣǾã£ӺӷǵߣĻᾡľطǣ뾡˰취֮Ĺϵ𣿡
Ըֹ
á
ĸ֮ĹϵҲˡ
ȻˣΪĪĸоû仰˵ڡ
ܽ;Ҫȫ˵ŮֵԸϸһ£ǰȥ˵ҪȥʱûǶ˵ʲôǵŭ𣿡
Ը˳ܽĻϸ룬ܿͷ֣ľܽ˵һûС
-

29 

ԭܽҪ˽Ӻ£ԸǾȣŭΣҪǽӺǵĶ˵ЩܽҪ˴ǵĻҲòܲ˽ų嵽Ժȥ
ԡ
ǱӺǹʹˣ
ԸĬ߬ȭͷ
ӺӣָܽǴʱѾһ亹ˡ
ӣҲֵøһȻˣ֮ԸôĿŵģҲΪЩѹûܹµģǵĴôҲûܹܲǣ
ҲԳǹү͹ߵˣȻʲôԼϷˡ
ԸǰҲȻûעЩһֱ˼Ϊء
ȴҲⲻˡ
ǣܽ˵ѾһҷȥˣӺӸǰһڣҲŲס˵ϡ
Ƕڵӣӵĸ
ЩڸεģöǿģǻǽҲһء
ڣӻǵĸĸѾˣֻ춼ˡ
ܽҲûڽӺӵϷѶٹ򣬼Ըǲһŭؿˣֱӽ˽ӺȥС
ڣһһôͲˡ
ȻеЩȻҲҪге
ЦŮܽǶ𣿡
Ϊһ̯ӵ¶ǿɶûţѾƽʱʱҪ˴ʱء
ʻãܽһʣԸʶؾסԼĶӡ
ǡ
ˡ
ܽæ˰ڷ
Ѿ׼˵ģֻΪǰԸֵһ˶ѣҲĳ˻飬һֱţҪȻֻˡ
躸٣ԸˣټǰӺӵ£˱;ЩٷǼΪ
һٷ꣬ѾʰˣȲˡ
ܽʵԸһľͳţȥ
ԸһۣĬԶԡ
ԭʱգҲȻֹ
һ˫Ů˵ԶǿܣܽͻСвֱߵ˵ֵֵýҡ
û˵꣬ͱԸˡ
ĸףԸ͵վ㲻˵ҴһĶЩֵýĺ𣿡
Ļڹȥֻһ顣
뵽ȥܽ˵ģԸʱͺۿ֪Ҿһ£ֻŹ竣ߵ˶ΪͷŸһģȻǰģǾһֱˣ
һ˵꣬ûܽ˵һ֣ԸŤͷͳ˳ȥ
ˣҲվԥһ£ĸףҵǰһֱܵ𣿡
֮⣬ȻǰûܣԺҲҪˡ
˵꣬û˸ܽ˸Ҳת뿪ˡ
ҲôһĹֻʣܽ躸
ܽﰵҡҡͷ
ȻЩ֮ҪĽһ˫ŮӸŤֻ̽һ£ԸôķӦЩΡ
Ҳ
Żӣ
ܽ˼
Ȼſ򾲾һߵ躸
ǵã躸Ȼֻв꣬ȴҲܿǸõӣȴ˳ҲܽЩΡ
ǣ躸ӳˣƺ޶ȵļԼĴڸУܽΪʮȱʧΪ躸һҪʱʱҲҪĴڡ
ܽģ躸ʡ
ڣֻܽϣǸҹǸӻһģҲ躸һҲ˵һ仰һܽ޷Ҫôӡ
ţܽ躸ЦЦ躸ҲԺϢɡ
躸Ե˵ͷվ
Ų˶٣عͷĸףԸʵ˵
˵꣬𴽣ûҪ˵˼
ܽЩȣ漴˵ͷģĸ֪Ƕĸ׵ĶŮĸײΪκ˵Ŀ˵ԼĶŮƫ
⻰ƺûаο躸ܽע⵽촽һֱˡ
˵ˣ
ûܽף躸ֳ΢΢һת뿪ˡ
յӣܽɵ̾Ϣһ
ȷʵӵĸףҲԼĺӣĸ׵ӣҲֻвѣǸʱ躸ǸѩɰСӣûô˼¡
-

30 ˵

׼ȷ˵ĸףܽҲ֡
ֻ⣬ûüѭ򽥽ӦĺǾѾˡ
Ѿȥʱ䣬ܽûа취ʹ֮ΣȴΪ֮Ŭġ
*
ļ죬ܽæϤ밲Ÿĸ
ȻǰǽҵŮˣһӦ˶ְõģѾȥʮü꣬ЩǰѳôãܽЩĲ˻Ҫ̵ʱ֮ڰѸ˼һ棬۲Щ˵ԣҪ°Ų£ܽǰЩ£Ҳ˺üʱĸ졣
һ˿գܽ˽ܹܻ˽
ܽ뽪ҵʱŽҵ˻˽ܹҲŴֳΪ˽ܹܡ
ܽŽҵլԺһܹܹŵģ֮ҲǼΪϤˡ
ܹܶԽжģԼΣܽˡ
֮ǰЩʱܽҪ֪ʲôֱܹܣҲǻڶ˽⡣
ֻЩס
ôһڸţΪʲôլ
ʣܽؿŸսݵܹܡ
ˡܹ̬ܵԼΪ
ܽ˵ͷʵԺ躸סԺӣԺӶǿõ𣿡
ǰĹƽģԺǿǲ٣˵ҲôˣٷֻܸסŶü
ܽסǴʵ㲻ԺԺǴǰϽסԺܽףΪģѾҲóԺǽܽס˴
躸סոԸסƸס
ϽѾţ˵ĸסԺ֮⣬ԺӦöǿõĲǣܽҲֻһˡ
ܹ׼ͷͻȻ뵽ʲôͷĶӲͣطˣλСӵԺ䣬Ժ
Ժ
ܽϸһ£ԺԺƫƧҲסŵĴתԶһԺˡ
ﹰҲ⼸ˣԼӶеطסȻסԺȥôԺסǡ

˵ʮĺԺˣ
ţܽĿĪЩ䡣
ܹȻǿܽ뷨ųһ亹æͣˣˣʮǸûˣǣǹүżظʱ򣬶סԺġ
ܽ΢΢۾
ͽ˳ķޣǰɶסڴģһ춼첻ߣҪȻܽҲˡ
뵽Щ£ܽüͷɽš𣬺һչ
֪ʮظĴ֮٣һֶֻùظ֮ȴס˱ԺȥŴԶԺӡ
ǽʲô
ҲԣܹսϳΪ񻰣˫۾жȻǿģԼϷôԵı仯Ҫһ쳣û֣ǲء
ǣȻˣΪʲô᲻ܲˣ
ԼҲͰˣȻ롰Լһǰʲôģ
ܽ𣬵躸ոճʱ򣬸ոԱ߽ϻĽһУһΪ·ĴðɫӶβסϲãԼһα躸ʱΪ˵ӣֻ̯ľͷһҶӣôҲʮӲܲʵϵ
ʮʱ䣬ýһԼȫʶˣ˵Щʲô֪£
ܽһʱ¶ۡ
ϵʵǷ˼ߵˣƺҲ
΢΢۾ܽĿ䵽ܹܵϣ˵ʮүֻظ˼Σ
ܹܵͷһ
˵
Ĭ֡
ܹȻδŽսȴǽĸ
ҲΪˣŻӽ֪һЩ£ʱܹҲЩ˼֮һЩţĵҲòòˡ
ʮүʧ˼Σֺܹγˣ
ǰܽЩµʱܹʵѾһ²⣬Ҳڣĸҿ϶ˣĻˣ
үһΣǲʧˣ
ܹ̲סϲ⡣

ܽ˫΢еӣܹϲɫһ١
Ϊ£ҪĵȻҪΪӷˣ
ܹ̲סԼӽͣˣүЩȻظĴ٣үҲпԵģԼλСӡ
-

31 үడ

ܹܻû˵꣬ܽһߡ
ǣпԣܽĿⷺ䣬㲻˵躸Ҳܹİɣ
ܹȷʵ˵š
ǡ
ܽעţʣµĻ˵ڰ
˻ˣֻ¹үڷǰҲֻͷСģǷ˶ŭ
ֻܹܿһȴٲҶ˵һ֡
ԤУҪٶ˵һ֣𲻵Ҫãֻ»÷үΪ˲йүԹ䣬Ҳֻܱˡ

ãʲôҲ˵үҲֻⲻ˳Թ䡣
ԼǰĮϵĹүڷǰͷСӣܹܾЩֱӡ
ͬʱҲˡ
ү˰
ԣѾ˲˵ˣܹʱûסˣĪҪ˹үЩ꣬үÿడ
ࣿ
ܽһ
˭ܲࣿ
ԼҲˣʮûκֻ֪֮ſôնѣʮһһտġ
ҽпࣿ
ֱܽӺûŽ񣬽Ҳûнп࣬Щܹ˵ʵ
Σ׵ʧְûоӵΣһǲɵģ
ܹܽһۣûо˵ȥǵѾԸȥ˽͡ԺʰˣЩŰᶫ
Ҫ
Ȼһ޽ңܽסľǴԺӵľҲȷʵǸõģֻҪһ뵽Լû֪ʮв֪ʲôһֻһĹ»ҰռԼסܽ;òڡ
⼸գȻס˴Ҳ˽ԭеĶ˸飬ǿ˵Լס¡
ڼȻѾܽһҲ̲ˡ
ܹȻвӵġ
źðԺӵ£ܽŻһת躸Ը£Ӧ˽úɣ
ܹԾһ񣬡طˣЩһֱλСӵ£֪һ¸͹
ʮĳɳҲȷʵҪһ²ˡ
ܽͷ
֪ģҲЩиĸȴ൱޸ĸ£߹ġ
룬ֵ躸ǣЩҲһݸҡ
Լô꣬Ҳ֪ĸױʲôˡ
Ůġ
׻ĸʧˡ
£Ҳɼ
ȵ⼸˳ˣӻҡ
ЩûţǸ첻ߵĸ׻֪˶ٻ£ĸ׶ٻأˣȻҪȥĸ׳
ܹȻӦˡ
дʵԼǰҵЩ㷿ȥԴõ𣿡ܽʡ
ԼӣʵȰȴŭˡԼֱӽʵ˳ȥ
ʵ㷿½˳ȥ
޵Ѿߺ㷿Щɶϵ꾫ܽѡģ־ܸ֮ˣϵЩܽǴǴԼļױࡣ
뵽ὫЩһʣĸߣ
ֻ£֪ЩʱĸҲòɣ
ܽһܹܡ
ܹûκԥͷӦطˣʵ뿪һְŵģҪһҲˣǲ֪ˡ
ѯؿܽ
ܽͷ˶һɡ
ʮȥˣҲ֪Щ˶ôˡ
ܽ׼ӾͿʼŴʵĻµģϾʵܽҪһ꣬ǸʱѾʮˡ
ܽʵﶼѾѡˣֻҪʵԼ⣬¾Ϳ׼ˡ
뵽
һʮ꣬ʵѾڸˡ
Ҫ»ܶ࣬ܽҲûмȥĻ
ʮǰɲġ
ܹܵˣĻˣԪĽʿȡʿɢ֮˻˺˾Աɣκ˾СɣǰһλŴ˸ǰʥϾټˣ˲ųһù١
֪ܽЩʲôܹûܽʣּ˵ϼɽĸɽϼ˵ĵܵһҷ˵һŮ޷ĸףŮ֮ʱ㽫֮͵ɽϼңΪлϷϥ£Ϸ˶ŮΪߣôЩ˺ҪŮѰ£ŻʹȥɽϼҽСӻ˾ǡ
-

32 ѯ

ȴ룬Сһ˾ǣܽ˳ͻΪһ֬֡
뵽ܹæΪǴ𣬡ˣСʵڻƣ
ſ˸ͷע⵽ܽЩߣܹܾͺ޲øԼһơ
С»ƣΪһ֬СȫеԼҷأ
ҲǻͷˣҪүֺ÷ˣû뵽ȴǰ˵æˡ

ʵʵģֺ÷˵үɡ
ܹܵ
ܽ˼
顭
ҲֶΡ
ܽǵãԪԭǴ֮꣬һ꣬ʥϵǻµͬʱҲ˶ơ
λˣ˲˽ʿ
ʮʱ䣬Ѿһ֮ףٶȾԲˣǣλǰʱλɣȴܵ˵ƼӶγΪ˻ù١
֮£ɣȻƷһΪ
»ԽɣɴҲͿɼֶˡ
˺һܽʵ鸮ûĸ
дһʣҲԭġ
ܴǰġԼλС֮ԵΪΣԼˣֻҪеĸڣôҲǸǡ
ܽѾѺüˣȴһϢûС
Ǵ»ƣмΪ֮бĽ
ܽһʣܹ֪뷨ǵطˣĵĸ˵ķϣ˵Сظ֮ͱ㣬Ҳˣһֱڶûȫء
ܽԴ̡
λֶΣⷢϣҲͬ򵥡
СѾ˳ͷȻֻǽ㣬˲ǻûüľѾ
һ˭ֻ˵һ
Ҫ֮ƽϣǲͳ˱̫ˣ
ϵܽʵܹһ
˺ϰСӻؾǣΪСѾ˿ԿµˣֻǰһʱûΪĴѰã˵˼ҶˣС㲻ܽڴϴ֣ײ˳ֻҲûʣʲôˡ
һĹټС㣬ҵǧֻƸ˻ؼϱ˼Ҳ֮ٵġ
ϻֺޣʵҲʲô֮¡
ֻ
ҪĿµӰ죬ܽҲȵԼͷϡ
ܹһۣЩǼҹүʥϵĲ¼ɣѾˣҪȻ£
»˫дԼΪˣΪҲΪΣҲǲǸǣĶƲ
ܽдʣҲˡ
ܹЦطˣүʮ߽䶨δǴʥܲ¼ɹү
ǽˣҲǵʥϲ¼Ǿǡ
ԼˣЩصģ˾óԼ򽻵ˣ
һ㣬ܹܲ˵ܽҲܹµõ
ǰܽƷȴߣһнôһλǰ;ķŽ֮ʱ뾩λϷҲƽƽģֺʱˣ
뵽ЩܽﴽЦЦϣͷͷųȥǱϴСʶ֮𣬾һز
ʲôʱ򲡺ãǾҪʲôʱˣҪ˭ˡ
ܽһҪѹˣŹ֮Уصľǡ桱֣ǰΣܽҵģȻѾѹˣֻҪһŮˣһղ˲Լͷϡ
˭Ҳܣ
ܹϲ̵Ӧˡ
Щû˰ﳰЦ޶ˣƫƫ°ɣûȥӦֻӲˡ
ڷһ֣ٲװˡ
Ȼ˹ǲһܹܣҲһ¾Ĺǡ
ܽ׵ľʹܹܵϿ˼룬ЦЦȻһˣЩˣ
ܽʶء
˵ܽҪ곤ֻ꣬꣬Ĳ࣬˵ӦǴղһȥġ
ȻһҲô󣬶ҵϲҵĻģȻʱ
Ҳల£ֱĳһΣһͻϣܽϷʵž£Դ֮ϼΪмŭܽ
ܽСɲһѱˣͽ˸û
ΪƽʱߣȴֱǷǵ£ȫκιȣɲ͵û
-

33 ȼ֮

ܽ޷۵ϵͷϣԼܵ裬˵Ҳˡ
֮󣬵ϣܻøɢ
ǵʥϵİã̫ʮһʱµĹŮ׽ĳֺγԹ
ܽҲΪжд̡
֮ܽǰҲڳ˲ٵĿ
ҲǺ޵˽ңнԼںţܽŽĸıľ档
ܽţʮԼ»ƣֻûٿЦ˵ʱƲ֮١
붼¡
ܹǶܽԼЩʲô׼ʱܽʣûκεĳɣطˣƽ˾үȴǳͩӵһԺȥ
ܽһ
ͩӡ
ӽ£ǰٹƼ֮أݼ۸ȻǾ֮
ǵķݣضβͬ۸Ҳرġ
ͩڵĵضΣⷽ˵ЩˣλһЩ˿ϣλһЩ𣬾ö֮ģǳ˾۾ӣԼٻ˼ҵүǶݲؽ֮
ͩܣ֪Ϊʲôˡ

ϵҲǳƷ٣֮ھҵﲻһһһΪأֻܿά
ȵʮǰһ˳סǶլ֮⣬˵Ǽͽıˡ
ʵϣҪǸʱ˳ۣ˿ϣ˵һլӶñ˸ˡ
˼ҡ
ֻ΢ԼҹŮһЩ˼Ҷῴϣ˵ǻˡ
ǿ
ļΪΣ˳˰ɼһߡ
⻳Ůĸǲεģ
ˡ
ԣżȻһ֮󣬳Ӵ˱㷸˼ҪҪһҪ
ׯ̫뵱ʥȻϳһ֮ʲôûеܲסˮĥҲ˵ˡ
ׯ̫뵱ʥϵ뷨ҼȻһУ˳൱˶ųзԣһȻû˸óʹ졣
򣬳֮ȻһסڹѹͲ˴棬Ӧ൱˳ǡ
ҲǾóԼ˳˾Ҹ£ׯ̫뵱ʥϲŵͷΪ
ҶҪլάˣɼѾǵֵزˣʱһ֦ͷүһ˵ϲⶼˡ
ųȻһĴǰǣػȦӵļ
ܽļ֮УȻһſεΪԼҲǿų˽ʱյĵλΨ֮Ǵӵġ
˳ӣȻǼΪģɻ֮ûܽǰҫ

ΪһˣҲͰˣӻʱʱΪ԰ڣֻǸ˶һֱȥ
ǰ԰ڵʱܽǼ档
Ϊ֦Ҷ鱾ͼΪܽ԰ڵʱ򣬿ɲעôչ飬ܽͼע⵽Цͬʱеֻȴǽ߬ȭ
ʱܽԤԣһգóһɳһ
ⲻ͸һ³
ƴΪǽ֪Ϊ˳ڰңҲ֪Ǹʲôı飿
;ڴء
Ϊ϶ֻ֣ҪòãܽͰˡ
ǵ볤ôҲǾѣȻ֪˺ƭȻҪ֮壬ôҲܽгһֱڹﲻǣµķųȥ
ͲһֱԼˡ
ֺܹǺǵӦˡ
ȵʵĶʹˣܽſܹܣϣĪ׼
ҪȻΪʲôܹܶӦ𣬶һµġ
ܹһҾΪ˷ǣӦģԵ
ԣӲı֮ʱͽ˻֮пҪ֪Щ¶˸µľǵʱˣ
ڿȼ֮
ܹܲЩ⡣
ܽҲ΢Ц
ȻѾȥʮ꣬ߵĺܶ¶˺ܴı仯һЩһЩ£Ǵδıġ
-

34 ز

ܹȻǼЧʵġ
ȷܽûʲôʵģܹܱиˡ
磬͡ԺǱѾʰ׵ܹͰ˸ĻŰᶫûõһĹ򣬾ͽж͡Ժ
ܽʱܹܻһֻСϻӣϻװľܹܵģܽҪ֪¡
Ϊոհᵽ͡ԺԺﻹЩңҪúùһ£ܽʹ˸躸˴˻ǲùš
ԺһжúãҲѾƵʱ֡
ܽţԺѾǡ
ƻ޺Լͬʵ¹̴Ƕ硭
ȵȡ
ҲЩǴҪȻֻ¶治ڡ
ΨһЩźľǣϵƷʮûбõҳʱѾˡ
뵱ʱҪƷܽԼӣһһء
߹ǿﶼȲϵġ
ļյ˺ڰյüΪܽ´ӿⷿҳԼϤļҾ߰裬Ǹо֮⡣
ʱʱܻΧһжİ񿴵ЩǰϤĶİвڵĺڰһ㣬
ЩڣЩҲܹһһһ
ܽһ
*
ڶһ磬ܽϴţӳѩ棺ˣԺƼһܹ涼ڴŷ鸮Сزһ
ƼܽԺѾߣﶼǸļӣҲʵҺģθ﷢ôЩˣܽ޶˲㽫£Ƽ︺ľǳĲ
ǸÿҪģɲĴô
Ƽɲ֪ԵɣԼҷ˷ͺö˶˵ģ澹Ȼ˴ԣĪ˹ʹ
һ˸ƼƼӳѩݻɲͰѻܽĶأ
ܽ䴽ЦЦ
ϹȻǰһʲô½ٶȰ쵽á
ø˽ܺãȷʵһôЩˣһֱಡ齣֪𣿡ܽ
ӳѩӳᰶһۡ
˶֪ܽ⻰Ǻ⣬һ֪ģȻ˷ԸˣֻҪŷԸȥˡ
΢΢һϥǣˡ
ܽӵ˴֮󣬸û˸⣬ӳѩӳ᰽ܽĻȥ֮˱ҲԼ죬˵ģһ䶼˵ġ
Ϊܽһز˿ۿˡ
ȴΪΣ
ȻΪǰЩ̫꣬ˣ
ھǾŮܽǿǵ۹ˡ
ϣ²ûˣܻܽѫҵС㣬ֲ֪ʲôˣȻ޸˵ʱֿȵĽ񣬺滹ƾĳΪ˳ƷĹˣϣŲһŮ
ҲͰˣ黨ǲݣʹôڴڱ߽Ҳûˣ˵ˣͨѾͷǶûһġ
ˡ
жõ
˵Ҳܽˡ
Щ룬Ҫܽǿ϶ðĵĺúùӲǣλأ
˼ҷǵźúùӣ벻
ǷǵŮˣͷһӸʸһ޲ýŮ˶ŪԼĶŮӣһɶŮᣬҪ̳йĵճӶôһ׮ŲԵĻ£ԼҷԼĸ
ȵȡ
ŶΪһ֬뻧˼ҵС֣ײ˳
ÿһ׮ÿһóȥ˵̸˵ϰˣƫƫеЦϻǼһ˵ϣֱ˲֪Ҫ˵ʲôá
һС£ʱ˶ˣûõһĹʹýͷβ˾֪ˡ
ҷŹŮ֮ͥ¶֣ͷɢģʰʮ˵һΣò׼ˣɲ͵úúһô
Ŵ֪˵Ƣԣ¿϶ˡ
λˡ
ҲҪϼֵˣûдСռٱˣưոݣ
˶˷أҪ֪ҽ̸ʣȫָλˣ
ǣû뵽ǣһΣ˲ûз
Сһزһֱڶಡ齣
һʱ֮䣬˶Щɡ
ǰ˽С㣬ֲһ˾ȻҲˣһز
-

35 

˵˵һǡô
ܽ˵ǰ㣬ΪΪʹ˫дҲóһ̬ǰ˵ǲˣܴŲţûоʹκεжǵҲǿ˵ùȥ
ϾҵĵĸԼӵŮ˲ǣ
ڣҲˣͬǱСģǻûзӦ˵ȥˡ
ôû·Ҳǹˣˣǹ̫ʥֻ¶᲻ŲʣΪʼٸߣǻװ֪£ǿſˡ
ҡ
Ϣһҹ֮ʹ龩ǣ⴫ģʲôȻҲͿ֪
Ҫҵͷ
ҳһ鲻٣˵վһҪͷ
Σ˭ܹõ
˴ǰ˽֮䵽·磬ɲΪΪԼû·ƽ˿Ц˼Ȼ˲ԣֻҪҲ׵˺ôȵͷľһҡ
˶ѾԤϵ»ηչˡ
ʱƲšüͷĽǰλܽһȫеС㡣
С֪ţǱһ浾ĴҹǣƫƫСҴСɽϼҳһ»ԼĸڣûоĹţ˿ȻҲЩҰ
ȻŮûڸǰԼҹŮӣҲ˽ģԭŽ˽ӵѰֺúѧһӣܽҪٶһ׮£Ǿٺòˣ뵽ػûʼѧأ֪žȸ˴һܡ
ܣ
ϳŵڣܵĽ޷ʱεεģõϢʱֱιȥ
Ǹ첻ߵģЩλƣ˭ҵ
ԼҹŮǺãˣֱӸ˴
϶룬֮ԼҹŮʣʲôֻܶʲôĻ¡
ΪˣȻûˣҲʵЩġ
֮࣬ˣе׻ǶԹ
һĲ죬ԼҹŮûز񻰣أ
ʮˣϼ궼ĸˣȻһʮС֣Ϊ£ԼҹŮûˣܲѰһ÷δ֪
ôܲԹ
˭֪˱ôˣЩ¹ĿɲֻңԹҲֻ˵˵ˣΨһģֻǳƲûеǸ

ԭţҪǾȥ˵֮ܲˣҲԹˣ˸ǰͷС뵽ҲƲǱԼҹŮģ
ϸñˡ
ôҲֻˡ
֪ڱͷأ
ҪǰԼԸȻǲͷģԼŮûʼٸߵͷ̵
Ҳ֪òͷ
ʱͷҲЦ˵û£Ҫǵ̬ٷչȥ˹˵ĶУʱ̫ʥϹʣҲҪûء
ݷ˵
߽ЩȣʱǾĶ룬ǿ򲻿ǵġ
˵ԼҹŮǹĹˣֻҲʥϵĺǳ⣬ʱ򻹵ùԹԵǸ
һ룬鵹Ҳ΢΢תˡ
ĸסϵĳݣ֪ҧҧ
⼸յʱ䣬Ѿ㹻֪Ŷм˽ˣҲΪ˽⣬Բ֪Լʲô鷳
Ҫ֪ˣͣţٴºˡ
Լӣ֪ŵﲻá
ƢԣԺҲĲˣҴŵĶ£ദ֮зʵи񣬵˶֪ԼǸʲôˣ¶µĻ£Ҳǿϲǣ
ҪҲŵԵġ
ߣĸ˵ˣʱԻɽϼңʱиĸϥ³лҲǲأ
һ룬֪Ҳ˵ˡ
ĸףΪŮżϻˣ˲ŮǸ𣿴Ůһˣ˰ɣ֪ŵ
ϵһۣ⼸˼Եи׺ĸף
Ůġ
ԭϱĸǰТģȴɵʱĹŮȡԼҹŮɽϼһʮ꣬ò׻ؾ˰ɣôһ¡
-

36 

ϾͲû֪Ŵһˡ
֪Ż˵ʲô֣ɵصĸ׵ģĸжۣط˼ȥ
Ȼ֪Ÿϻ˷
*

زһಡ齵ܽȴû˵ģʱڿܹ͹Щ
ͨЩ
Ϳ˽⵽ȱʧʮĵЩˣ׾ʲô
ܹЭϻװźüĹҵŷ⣬ÿŷϻд֣ʾŷ֮мصģǹ˭Ϣ
ϻóļŷ⣬ܽ΢΢ŵ֣˶٣д躸ֵŷ
ŷ⣬óкһֽš
һһŵؿȥֽܽԽԽֽҪòסˡ
躸
ܽŴ
ԭΪǰЩ꣬ԼֻǶЩڿֽϵݣ֪䣬һ˵ζʲô
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ڸЩ֪˵ܽΪʱ˴Ż᲻ϲԼĺӣ躸Ҳˡ
ӣʱġܽҲûʲô
ǣһŲ꣬Ӧõõĸ׵۰ĺ˵ܽͻȻ̬ȣʱһּ˺
ʼʱСС躸ףΪʲôԴӵܵó֮ĸ׾Ͳ۰ϲԼˣΪԼԲãССĺͻȻͱޱȶƤʳϣôԵԼܹõĸ׵Ĺע佱ȴû뵽һжӡ
躸û٣ʹܽû˽ȥԺҲԼȥĸ׵ߣԼѧЦĸӸߵСҪĸ׶˲赹ˮ
ֻϣܹõĸ׵һЦݶѡ
һжͽ͡
Ǹܽʯĳ躸ôɶ£ôֺӶû躸һɫ
ģ躸ҲףãĸףĲˡ
һĸ׵С˵Ĵж֪
мҲһʱ䣬躸Ϊĸ׵ת䶼Ϊõĳ£ʱʱҪ۸һ£ֱ֣ͬĸ׵ϲ֪ԭˣûκεĲͬ
֮СС躸͵ΪֳΣԼССļһ˫óôССһƬ졣
躸һ꣬ûֺáܽµõĸ׵۰ͷ躸һԺ
ǸܽҲ֪ΪΣںûκһ۰ģ躸Ϊڴؿʱ躸˵Ҫ׽ԲصϷ
躸ʱְ
ССΪĸǿŬҪ۰ˣԸһϷˣвͬģ
ԣڡܽ˵ûҵ֮ǰһԼ߳ʱ躸صͷ
Ȼ󡭡
Ϊ˲ĸҵԼ躸ܵ˸һõԺӣѰһֻľ˽ȥ
һ߶ţһڴţҪĸҵﱧȥεĿ֣
ǣ֪ǣǸܽҪϷֻǷ˸ɽߣҪˡ
׽Բأȥ躸
躸뿪֮󣬡ܽŤͷ͸ˡ
һǰ졣
СС躸ֻľҪѾΪƾɣѿ͸ķ϶ֻ躸ñ
Ǹľ󣬵ϲãľҲֻһѣˣҲѷ죬ᱻⶪõԺˡ
Ҳˣľĸʵأ躸ܴȥ˵Ҳܹġ
躸û
ͬһƣľ棬͸ϵ϶躸谵ٵûκһ˿Ĺߡ
û֪ʱСС躸Ŀ־塣
Ҳû֪躸һںڰ֮дôãﵽЩʲô
ҲǹִҪȵĸǰѰĸײƭһὫҵ
ҲֻҪһ
ֻ׻ʧˡ
֮ȵֲܹܷԣĴѰң躸ﱧʱԭɰ躸񶼱Щˡ
֮󣬰Цֵ躸һϦ֮䣬ŲͱóĬԣʱһҲ˵һ仰
ܹܲΪ躸ǱһСưͣҽǰΣ֪躸ǲ˵ֻǲԸ˵ѡ
-

37 ʹ

֮躸һ˫ǰܿһ֮⣬ǰһĬӲ޴ڸеʯͷ
һֱڡ
ܽǿʹֽ꣬߬ȻҲ̲סһεỬ䣬ֽϣΪһɫԲˮۡ
躸躸
ʱô۰躸ȴЩԭӦܵʹֻ࣬Ҫһ뵽躸һľ֮У͸һ϶潥ڣڴҲһ䣬ԼĬԵӣܽͺ޲ɱ˽Щ˺躸ϵǸԼ
ͬʱҲ޽
뽪֮Σ躸ԸҲǽĶŮԼϵ״ѾµʱġԼԼȻ޶ԣûҪƵİöŮǡ
һף
ʱ򣬽״ƵİӣǽԼǽӴߣԸ׵Ĺذ躸
񣬽
ܽҧгݵĬ֡
˻ҳǰһŹԲᣡ
ܽ˺ܳʱƽ
ѾڱηŭҲ޼£νķŭԺҪβ躸ֻʮľ߳
躸йҵļء
֪ܽǰ㣬ҵүǹһƷԱɣھĵؽһƷ٣ǻǲۡ
ȢϣһһŮʮ꣬Ѿͯԣڻ׼ԣСŮ˾躸δŵϱB
B躸ͬ䣬궼ʮꡣ
ǰǸܽ˵һȥʱһȥBôŮΪ躸䣬ŻȢ
˵ȻǼΪܵġ
ĶŮ£һǾǧ˼֮Ż¾ȿǵľŵԣС̧ͷŮͷȢϱ˵˫ŵҲһķΧ֮ڣ̫ࡣ
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˵
ǸܽľǸ躸һŲܵõĻ£øĶ·⣿
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ҪȻҪνǸܽΪ
¿ܽ϶ԼĲ롣
ܹܵĵ飬BòׯҲΪ񣬵Ψһǵ̫Сˣ˵ǵС󣬾Сʱ֮ܵĺ֢
BСʲô̶أ
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ö֮ģΪ˲BأϽıҲٴBˣԼҲӼ
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еңҹ˵СһЩҲûбʲôëˣҪȻ躸ڲԸ˻飬һҪлԼܽΪ¶ĸ֮ĹϵøӶء
ֽŷ⣬һܽдԸŷ
֮ܽ˿ġ
躸Ȼ䣬һ˫ȴΪǼ֮󣬶ԸҲ͸ˣ֪ĸײˣÿÿʲôˣ躸ܻһʱȥѰܹܡ
СС͵躸ѾѧԼ˫ˡ
躸ԸǼΪ˵ġ
ȻͬûеõԸĸĹذǻ躸ֵչˣҲΪˣʮĳɳҲƽ˳
ԸЩ嶯Щÿÿʱٲƫƫûѧȭţʱظʱһϡ
ȥģԸҲͽˣѾѧ˴ܵļɣҲ߽ĶһȺСЩδǰʱʱľʹһ˻ˡ
һһĺůĵС
Сûиܹĸ۳裬СϾһůֻҪؿܹеõ㹻ů
Ҳ
ҲΪĴڣ躸ԸŻһֱɡ
Ҫ˵ƽʱÿԹԴڸﲢܣΨһ˲ĵģҲǸ֮ͻȻһ֮ǰĹɣһҪ޸ˡ
-

38 

ƫƫܽĵ˵ûд˵ЩʲôʹΪŮ׷ѰԼɡȵȵĻ˻ӵĴס
ⲻͷͼӴ׵Ĵ˳ȥ
Щ֮Уǧ֣˲վҪơ
˶ܹóĴԸԼģĿ
޷ҲķӻűŻ¡
ܽûмʱѹ֮ǰġԼڶԴŮʱǿֲ¶̬ȣֻ»пܽóˡ
ܽѵ죬ɩʱ˵Ǹϲ⣬Ǹˣֻ֣պ󶨻ڡ
ڿ
ɩжûһǸɲǽݣҪӴƽô
һˣָмģ
ңǱĸģһѸܶԽ󣬶һ飬ɴ˿ĸж
ܹܻ鵽ΪԼĺ뱲ҪȫŶӣǹѸϽøƵģƽļС࿴һۣ͵ý׷ü̱񶾵Ļ˲ɣƫƫһΣһʱ䣬ϾȻһֱ̲
Ϊʲô֪
Ҳ֪һӵӵŮˣĵȵѶϱ޽ţָҪôء
ԤʲôɡĹ޸պĴ뱲ӣҪڿˮ
ΪС㣬е䵽ĽǲǿЦˡ
ܽüͷ
޷ûмʱĶŮǻʲôӡ
ƣ躸Ըأ
ĬԵ躸ûгţȢBСˣ˽ʵ˶ûС
ԸѾ竣˼ԼԼڱĻֻҲкܴĿһ·
ÿÿ˼Щܽ㲻ɺ£Լҡ
ĶŮȻЩ·һжûеصĵزǲеˡ
Ůǵ˽ˣܽǼʹ˿
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ֻܽѾʮҵıӣֱӴϲȥ
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ܽĵҲϾԶȻһǾӣʱľѾʼ·˵ֻǸռӣҲ˶ˡ
˵·ԶӵģӦôС־еü»ص۷βǣԶƫƫͲ
ңڵʱľǮϣҲԶĸ׵Ľ̵£Զû־ľôŲȢһ洦ӣþӡ
ԶһõҲȷʵʱвŮΪġ

ܿԶˣõģмгţǾԲܼ޸ԶģЩԼǼгҲ޸ԶŮӣɴﲻԶʱľǮϵ
ǮϺԶ֪ҪһֱҪôߵĻԶһӶҪȢϱˡ
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ǣ˵Ŀ䵽ЩŵͣӲٵ˼ҡ
ⲻʱӢδ޵ϣ뵽ǮϺԶĿ֮С
ؼˣȻֹ֮ƿͬʿũƫȻӣλǲߡ
£ûиΪп˻߼壬ĸɵйˣֻҲֻΪѡ
һ㣬ؼϵȻԤġ
ԣӼʮǰؼҾͶ˵ежɶĹأû츳Ȼᱻȥѧϰе⣬ڶЩ츳ᱻԺ֮С
ȻؼǰհԣִûжΧ˼ңӣҪһԿȡӵܣҲ൱׵ġ
ο˶˱ƫ츳ӵܣҲһܹЩԺܡ
ʮؼҲֻ˼ţ˶ûһ
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39 

ֱϵֳ˾٣ľı䡣
״ϻۣڶһϼ츳ִһλ֮£ټԼֿŬо˵ʱŲʮ꣬˵ǰ;ˡ
ȻžѾ˹ֻп˾˲п٣һо٣񣬾ؼңλҲǸϴһصġ
ʮѾ˾٣ԵλΪǰԤǣֻҪԼиպĻʮ֮߰˶ܵнʿһͬʿӦǲġ
ζţؼҪһٵӵˡ
ֻҪԼ̫ͿؼҴʵںţպǰôҲȥ
Ҳǿһ㣬Դ˾֮Ȼ˵ֿȣҪؼҽ׵˼Ҳö
Щ˼ҿеģʵǱ
Уо
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ǮϿؼѾζŽؼһʢؼҼȻܹһػ˵ؼӵܡ
ؼҲȱӣؼӵΪٻܾܵסǮĿ飬ӵֻ»Ҫ
ȵ⼸ؼӵܳ׵վ˽ŸʱؼңɾͲڵؼܹˡ
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ԣǮϵĿ֮УôȢ正ǶԶǶкôġ
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һΪǮǸƵģʱʱļԶΣΪԶĿ֣ϵԶҲǸº͵Сӡ
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ĽȢٹϼ꣬񵽵ܸܲء
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ʱǮϿɻҪú룬ҪҪԼҶȢء
ʱϱʾŮޣǲ˯ͷ
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40 

ǣ˻ϲ正ΪƸϱֱܼ궼ȡ
ֻ˵Ͼֹ߻װӵˣˣܼĺá
Ǯϣɾ̳֮ˡ
֮ǮҲȻǰ˵ǰ㣬ʹԶ겻СˣȴҲһֱδ߻顣
ؼǮϿ正ҲǮŵԡ
ʵϣҲǮںҪҪĽ׶ѡ
ԵĵڶǴ֮꣬ʱʮ³Ӧԣȴǲδһ˾ź¡
ʱǮϾѾҪҪˡ
һǮǻȷһһеڣǮʱҲûʲô歸ʵĶϱѡˣʱûж
ǮûΪԼĳסҡ
һδУδ٣ǱĿ꣬һ³Ȼһеڣһ˶ͷĴ͡
ȻһףҲΪɹˡ
һеڣؼҲˮǴߣؼӵܵĻһϣǱó˳
Ҫ֪˵ǸˣЩմϵߵ˼ңؼ̻ʱҲб۵ġ
һеڣؼҶմ˹⡣
ΪİãܵĹעġ
ֻǡ
ϧǣȵҪԼĶȢİʱȴ֪л䣬Ǿӡ
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41 

˼УܹӺܶԼ£˵ĶŮļС
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歴ûгһգС׽ŮԶǱ÷Ŀɳ
Ҳûзֹܽ״
ܽС۵ŮԼŮʲôģ˭Ҳĸ׵ҲȷʵŮֻǲ֪ΪʲôԭͻȻ˶ѡ
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ġ
ǹʧܵġ
Ҫ֪ʮǰܽ޽֮ûõĹ򣬾Ѿ˴ɽʣĽˣǿþйǳƵѵġ
õľ棬ôü֪Ĺ»Ұƻˣ
-

42 


ܽҲξźˡ
ȷʵ˶ڳޣΪдҷ˷緶ˣʵϣʲôģⲢܽʵ飬ֻԺѹԼʵѡ
ȻˣֻʧȥΥĵĺѣôܽź
ܽܽźģҲֻʮûŮԼĸ׵߶ѡ
ܽʮĴС¶˽ˣҲ˸ŵʱˡ
֪вԸûʱ䣬˾͸躸һ͡Ժ
ĸסͬص
ܽŮôôϲ
ض񡣡Ƕ˰ɣѾ׼ˣ¡
к
ԸԳԵִţܽ⼸տڿ˼׼ˣкЩԸղܵʳܽ˳ġ
̥أСһҲȤȾܾܽζĳʳֲľܽݣŵʱһһûٽܽúЦ
ϴβ֮ԸķУܽյҲû˵ЩʲôֻùӼвˡ
׼Ĳʽ٣Ըϲģǵըˡ
ʵ񣬼˵ζƷͳըƣΪʴɿڣϲԸϲʳģҲż˺üӡ
ϲܽϵЦϲʱٹ࣬ը࣬ɫһһ񣬵ǲһǽأҲǿԵġ

Ըһ;ò
˻Щԥ
ҪǾΪ˵ʳ͵ͷ̫ûڲˣ
ܽ״ҲȰ˵ֻЦЦˣùţǶĸһȥĸ
Ըһ
һֱǹذмӵϣȻǼΪϲģǵڶǵãĸôΪ˻Ƕĸֵòɢġ
뵽˵б㲻Щ衣
Щĸ׿ɴû˵ȥĸͻȻһ̬Ѳʲôĸ
ܽҲ֪ЩԼΪӶΣԸˣҲΪ裬Ǻؿӣĸ⼸պʡһЩ̫ƣĸˣҪĸúõǸ躸ԸԸĸ𣿡
躸Ŀ΢
Ըһۡ
˶̲סɣ̫ǲǴ߳ģ
Щۼܽͬˮģżȥ˾ͬ˵ǰܽĸŮ֮ж׽˶ء
ǵĸףʲô
Ը̥ｻֻҪһ˾׶Էʲô
вУһҪĸ֮ǰ͸ĸһҪĸЩĸٱĸˣ
ﰵ¾ġ
ܽȻܿʲô״ҪĸһȥҪǲԸȥǡ
һȥ
Ըͬʱ
ͬˣ躸Ȼʲô
ܽЦϼǵɱʱ
ﰵһ
ʲôʱΪ˵ʱˣ
ҲûҪܽ˵ϰߣù֮˱һ뿪͡Ժ
֪ܽڸԼһñŤҲûǿǣ֮󣬾ͿʼĥҪЩʲôˡ
ûˣԼջҳҪϣҪĻҪϳ
ԣܽȾҳѹʮıӡ
ʱܽȻûԸϰ䣬ıʹõĲֻԴӳ֮Լ˽ڳ޵Ľˣӵûжùˡ
ѹʮ䷢ô£ǽ˾Ȼ˲ܲˣܽɲίԼˡ
ܽıӻֻһһĳޡ
Ҫʱǰ϶ԥľһӳȥ
ȻڣʱҲ鲻ǾþЩ˶ĵˡ
ôȥЩ˴ҲˣǸʲôƢԣ
ıӣܽЦһ
*
׼ҪĶܽԭΪһܻҿĸףĸ׳ˣȴû뵽ƻϲϱ仯
ڶһ磬ܽ͹һţЪһ׼ţӳѩǰ棬пš
-

43 

ˣܽʡ
ӳѩͷˣȷˣˣλС㡭
˵ӳѩĿܽһۣЩη壬ܽᷢ
ڣΪʲôܽСҲ˻ᷢǻ
ӳѩԼ躸ǣܽûз𣬻ƽ͵ЦЦ˺С㵽ȥ
ӳѩ£ܽӣˣֻȥĸˣĵΣ
ԸȻЩɨˣǵ˵ͷ
ڿܽȥŶ׼ȥʱԸͻȻĸףҿ˺С߲ƣ磬ĸһȥ
躸Ը
ҲԸ˽⣬ȴ˽ⲻģ˵Ըܽѹ󣬵˵ȥЦ
Լĸ׵С֣´ȥ֮ԸʱûٱЦΪ⣬Ը˴˺üأ
ͬʱԸ˶ܽҲǶԹ
ʮܹ꣬ŮСܣǵĸôģ
£ԸʱһȥΪ˿ЦΪʲô
ܽӶദأԸһ˵ҲԸΪʲôЦеصǸãĸһСҪٳҪôأʱ躸Ըһᱣĸ׵ģ𣿡
Ը˿ܽһֱۣǺɸְ
С־ˣСţĸ׾ȻҪ˶֣
躸еЦһ
һ֪ǶĻҲֻԸŻᵱˡ

躸ٴɻ
ǵĸףıˡ
ɻ躸һ˫øܽȥ˻
ܽ˵ʱ˺СѾˡ
ܽ躸ˣ˵⣬漴֪վ˰á
⻰Ҳ֪û֮
ϾܽǶƲһΪ֪ŵĶײһزһλаӣ
ԭΪ˴Ŷš
زˣҪǻܴݵĳ䡰ءʼٸǰǵжƤ

ƫƫǣǲţɫٺòˡ
λˡ
жˣ
˲
Ʊǿô죿
ȻѾţⱾѾѡͷˣһ˵ûͲҪˡ
ܽȫû˻һ㣬ЦŵС
ȻѾ߷衣
Ѿƽˣ֮ţʵǲ޾ȵġ
լǸʲôӣʵ˼Ҷ֪
ҲǣĸǸµģǲԸܣǱūŸܿˣ֮ǲ¾ͶˣĴС¶ЩֵĹլ󣬿֪ˡ
ǡ
ԼҲһµ֣Ȼܷ֣լĿѾ͸ڳжȣ¼·֮ǰ˵ȫһ
ǴǰЩԸʲô仯
ɻţ˾ͼְ̧ܽ˰ڣ̺ŵѾǱϥ˸˳ȥ
ȻڸǰǼϵġ
ˣΪλĴأ
Ȼɻ󣬵ԼΪζģЩ޹֮ѹ£ЦǫˣСŮģϴ֥󡭡СŮײ˷ˣ˴дǲСŮƽϡ
˵̧ۿܽһۡ
ڵܽķӦء
ǰ⻰˵˵ڼء
ܽȻ
ǿû˸»ȥСҲȫ˵֪ŵĴԼҲдģܽѹȻΪһСƽϡ
֮ԻƲҲֻǲΪЦѡ
ԲƽϣҾܲͷ
ܽ˵ò׼ʲô˵ʱҲ͸ˣѾͷСϼҵϷ˸ǰ߻ˣűӻؾûգ˸ǰŻſηĴҲˡ
˵Ż˿֪š
֪ż״Щ鲻Ըվܽڵķϥ֪񣬻ˡ
ֻʮСǴС˻ţûܹʲôίôģϱֳˡ
-

44 

֪ܽżƽϣ֪ˣǲü
˼״֪һۡ
֮ǰģģ˵棬ҲһҪúõǸȡõ˵ԭ¡
֪ŵʱϴӦúúõģȴĵǰȻı֡
ּ
ΪλԼŮ˵£Ҫ֪ŵ
ȻΪˣΪ
ô֮ģֻҪ˻Ůһ죬;ݲ
ǣ˻Ǹ첻ߵģԼŮѾûˣǻλԣԺֻҪԶˡ
˺òײŰŮӵߣϣ֪Զޣ
֪Ҳǲῴɫˣɫһٶܽһ񣺡ˣ֪״ײ˷ˣֻҪ÷֪ʲôԸ
𷽲ǲ鲻ԸĵǸһ֪ž϶ˡ
ܽ״ͷһ
ȻǱ֪ŵĵǸˣ֪֮ܿı䣬Ϊ˶ŭ˶ѡ
ܽģ֪֮ĸŮ顣
Ҳ㻤ġ
ܽЦЦʲôԸ
ͷһ
ֻһ⻰֪ҪԼҹŮ
ʱѲɻ
ҲֻԱˡ
֪ţȻʲôԸֻΪ֮ܽԻ˵ŵƤ񣬾һΪԼ
ھԼˡ
ҪƤҲΪ˸Լһ֬ˣƲȴɫĳԼĸǰˡ
ǡ
һΣ˻ΪԼ
֪Դ֮Щԥص֪ŵĴǡ˾Ǵ֪ż£֪ҲûԹԵģ
˵ڣܽҪһ㣬֪˫ȭգ׼ӭӼʹ
ܽúЦ
Сŵͦɰġ
ţܽЦɿ
Ｘ˶صܽڣĿζ档
ܽûע⵽˼˵һ㣬Ļ
˺֪
˵һֶס֪֣ܽǾͷСһˡ

ͷһ˹ȻҪĶ֪Ŷ
֪ţǿʯͷȴ˵ء
Ҳ֪Ϊһʱ嶯۵øĸ׺ǱòͷҪ˴¾ܽ½ҹǡ
ʹɣ
ľģû˿֪žٿس嵽ܽĸǰˣɣ֪һ㣡
Ｘ˶ɵĿƵؿܽ
һģֱ޲ý֪Ÿ
躸ˣȴЩᡣ
֪ŵ͸Ҳ࣬λǵģǵĸףҪ
ţܽûвһ㣬̧֡
֪ű۾
ȻӱȾǵĴҹҪһЩǸųСܲ۵ģ
Ȼ󡭡
Ԥеʹûеֻ֪ϴһһ㶼ۣ۾ͿſݹԼ
Լϵֻ֡
ף
֪Բۡ
֪ţҲ㾪׳
ȷӦȻ֪ΪλľٶԼҹŮûаˡ
躸ԸǾȲ⣬
Īģ̲סԴھе֪һۡ
ܽʱϴЦջ֡
ǣǸɰСҲͱɰôһѡ
˫·Żϥϣͺǰ˼СĲԼһܽЦţȻ˺Сģǡ⼸վҪˣʱһͻ磬ʱСһͬ磬Σ
ͻ磬ܽһʱԡ
֪ģŹ֮֮ʱͨ࿴ģܽͻ磬Ҳǳԭ
躸ѾףԸСǲüſǻ֮£ֶܽϺһʮˣһʮȴѾˡ
ʵϣ⼸ҲûвӵĻ£Ϻͬ˺͵ԶԼһΡ
û䣬Ϯ֮һҪ˲Ѿãû˰ţҪ˲̸ף
-

45 

ԶǮϰƣȢϡ
ţ˳ĴܼңȢϡ
ڵϺ
ϵҲӴ㣬һΪԶԭҵòӣܽЩ˲ˣټˣ֮ĴڣŵԵ˼ңŵڲһЩ˼ңʱôŮ޽ң
ⲻ϶Ѿʮˣȴʼû䡣
ֶ֪ܽˣȻѾˣȻٲĸ׺ʹɩΪֶĻ¶ģֶΡ
һͻ硭
ȻҲڱˡ
ңȥң˿һ躸δŵϱ
Ȼܹܵ鵽ЩԼBѾЩ˽⣬ܵҪۿˣиײǣ
˺СȻ֪ܽ˼룬ֻܽԼ˲μӹͻ磬һ
Ȼ˾ֻϲˡ
֪ŽѾʮѾ˶׵ˣ˻Ὣ֪Žӻؾǣȷʵ˼ŮҲҪ֪Ŷһźס
ֻԸΥǣ֪Ż˾ǻûգ»ûӰΪ˴һܶ롣
Ϊ֪žȻ˴ܣΪܵǸˣ֮ԭǰЩӻǲ̽ڷļң⼸ûлˡ
ԭΪԼҪȵµķȥˣٿ֪ŵĻ£ȴ룬ﲻûб䣬黹·תˡ
˰ͻ磬ĿΪΣԼĸŮʵⱾѾ˴˵һ̬ˡ
̬ȣ˵Ҳ㹻ˡ
Լүһ飬֪ŵϾ̬ȣҲúĻڹȥʱ򣬽һźףôͲܹأ
뵽ЩվűȷŲ֪˶ٱлˡ
֪ҲĲ֪ôǰ֮ԲܽǸҲΪΪܴһ˵ĴڼܽûҪƽȥ˼ҴͷβҲûĸŮûȻҲ֪ʲôʿɶֹġ
ǣ֪֮Ҳ֪лʴȣ֪Ŷ˽̻壬ٲ״
ܽЦЦ
ûж֪ʲô̻壬ֻ֪ԼҲд˼һСƽ̫ѡ
ΣȫǵǶЦ£Ҳǵõ˽
˺֪ҲûжܿҲܽ뿪
µĽҲܿľʹˡ
˺֪ǴͣǾǹעµ˿ǲ٣֪֪ȥвڵſҪ˳Թء
֪ܵŴһ˺֪ŵ˵ᱻȴһء
жķΪ˿̿ڣĵľ˺֪뿪ʱ״
̿ڣ濴ֵ˿ɲͶô

˭뵽˺С㲻ûа򣬸ɹȡ˵ԭ£õ˵룬μӹͻأ
Ⱑ
˵ˣ躸Ҳ൱ġ
ĸףŹˣ
˺С뿪֮šüͷһſʵ
˼
ϣܽúʰ˺֪һ
Ը˼һһһ죺֪ˣĸǲ׼Դ⣬ȵʱͻǳ󣿡
ܽ
ĸ׵ģԼĶŮж໵
ıǼššָԸĶͷᵯһ£ܽˣʵǣǵĸ׾ȣ
ܽ׽֮٣ԸЩӦһűǼ⣬һŶͷܽ˵ĻȻǲŵġ
ȣ
ȥʮ꣬ܽıȫ޷ġ
˵Ҳûʡ

ȵͻϣһоܼ˷ˣ
*
ڶһ磬ù֮ܽӱ׼š
ܽһ躸ԸԸ֮ܽ˱ƥȻһ˲˸ȥ
ܽȻиңҲǺܾһܽͬһȻЩġ
棬ʻ֮ûҲͽȥҲûҲ󲻹Щʲôģ
֮£ʼϸǳ
-

46 

٣һרܽλ˵ģǰûܽһйȻҲû
ڿҲȷʵҪ˲١
Ȼ󣬿ֱܽߵһӣЩ棺ĸףװʲôǸĸ׼𣿡
˵ŻܽûҪֹ˼־ͽǺ
̺ŵӳѩ״ɫ΢ЩŹ֡
֮ǰ˽װŵĶϣţʱ޴˺һأǺþЩãѰһʵĺװ
ûע⵽ӳѩı飬ѺӴ򿪣Ķ֮һ㶡
װŵģʲôһıӡ
Ҳ֪ʲôɵģɫžǳƯܹ󵽣ڿлʱ
ȻЩͷˣϲŵ˿߿Ŷɫ
ܽӳѩո÷ǳǳһڣӰʮǰĸѰҵģͱɶء
жл
΢΢һ
ȥĸףᵽĸʱɴûĺ
ûٶ룬ֵܽΪλһӣǣЩ˱ĴôЩ꣬Ѿôñӳŵˡ
˵꣬ܽЦһ
Ըˡ
Щʱĸ;˾˾ĸµˣȻҲǼΪϲģɾβϲҲǾˣĸͷ
ҲûЩбԼĸñӳľ

ĳֻ룬˾ˬأ
һʱԼܽԶܽߴ˴գصĸףǰñӳ˭
˵ʱѾȫܽˡ
ܽЦ
⻹ʱ
Ȼʱֱģĸǰ˭֮ǲģİɣ
Ĵ𸴣Ȼǲġ
˵ʲôܽѾӳѩϵܺһö۽˳ƾҪʵĻ˻ȥ
ֻһ
ϲʳʳƷζٿĸϵЦݣͻȻԼǱĸ׳ŵĴ
Ȼ󡭡
ĿЩ۽ƺҲЩˡ
ܽһʱͷϵı仯šüͷ۽óôһϲӣ
Щʲôʱͣ¡
ˣˡ湧
һܽҲôͻȻˣӷŻغｻӳѩϣȻŵ֡
ߡܽ
һ
ļǵһΣĸһţͬһ˵ǰ£Լ
һΣĸ׻֡
ͻȻ;Щġ
ʵһΪʲôΪʲôǰô꣬ĸ׶ûߣҲ֪ʲô˻ȥ
ĹУ־Լʶһ㣬ȴ̧ŵܽ
ůĴ˲㴫Ҫĳ嶯
Ŭ۾ĳ嶯ݺѹȥ
ѾСˣôΪĸ׵һɫͼҪأ
Ȼţ
ԭЩ۽׻±̵ˡ
֪סһ˲䣬ܽסȫĸж
ѹЩ죬ӶԼԶܽʵģͬʱҲ֪ǶӡѾٹ̣ʱǱֵ̫飬ֻ²ú׽ὫǸˡ
ԣӵʱһֱڼԼ
̫ģ̫׽ֻܱһὫŵİȫ룬ĵģһһı¶ԼĹġ
ڣŮˣ
ܽǸ
˵ʵЩ㱣躸ԸһʱͽĿһϣ˫Ƶ۾ʱ΢΢ԲЩ
ԣ躸ԸΪȡ
ʱҲعˣע⵽Ŀ⣬ٸĸϴůУͻȻ;ЩŤ
񣬾ЩŤ
ıŤ֮£һһ뽫ֳ
û뵽ǣĸ׿ƲûôʱһҲûòʣ˺üΣȻûֳܽ
-

47 

ɵЩؿܽ
ܾá
ĸףʱЩ
ܽûͺûע⵽Ҫֳǣ֣ߡ
ŵӳѩӳᰡ
ӳѩֻװ˱ӵĺӣӳܽ׼ĲƷҩĵȶ
߳ע⵽躸ԸûиܽŲһ٣عȥЦЦ躸ԸǿЩϡ
躸Ըᵽ֮ǰˡ
΢΢һ٣ûܽٴγߴ٣̧ȸ˺档
ܽתǰ
֪˲ͣڲʱѾһѵѾӵˡ
ܽǣ躸ԸԼЩھһؼë֮Ѿϲŭɫˣ̲סԼľ¶˳
龰
ʮǵһμôܲȣ
ξȣܽӲٸǰ䵭ȻҲǸ˵ġ
ǰӭСã躸Ըˣĸ֪ǽҪ֪жء
˵ʵϣ֪ܽҪʱɫɲôÿ
ϾЩܽӵĮӣû϶ŭ

Ҳ֪ܽôĵŮ֮Ի˵š۲ĲʵҲֻǰ֮֮жѡ
ͱΣǰܽݵŶ֪ܽҪӻңһ㶼⣬ϿϷԸѾ׼ʳģЩɫϲ֮⣬вٿɾܽϲԵġ
֪пţܽҪƳһջʧŶûüڡ
԰ĸ׵ģֵùŮأ
Ȼϲֻ̨Ķϱ㽫Щȴһ仰û˵ֻʲôûһնЦӯӯһŽŵĲɫء
ܽߵʱҲܽЩ
ʮܽҲûлعңûһģҲûӴһ

ңһ׽֣ǰʮ꾹ȫͬˡ
ϵȻǸ˵ģҲΪӣܽ׽ô᲻ˣ
ֻϣСһβһʱѪѾˣǧҪģҪȻԺֻĺ岻ˡ
Щע⵽Ȼڳһʵϲûܲصסģ಻ɾЩᡣ
ֻϣ
СúͿʮ꣬ǧҪٺͿȥˡ
ҲôһĹһ˾Ѿ˾լ
ԭǰܽߵģţȴԭӦøں֪ܽľѾԽŲԽԽǰߣٶȿñǣֵҪϲĽŲˣֻСŲźôڱߡ
ǡ
ܽȥķҪ˵ʲôܽʱע⵽ǽ֣һ̵ľԽϲӰ
ϣ
ʵ˵ڰᵽٺãڱˮԷ
ܽѾߵԶıӰҡҡͷк躸Ըһ׷ȥ
Сùֵֹġ
Դһμ棬һֱֵֹġ
Ķۡ
Դ˾ܽԽԽҲԽԽеҪϡ
ھʮ꣬ԾĲȻһ˶ţѾѹļУֱˮԷߡ
ˮԷǾԺǾͷ˵ľܽļϾס
ǡ
ȴûѾǵˣʮ֮ĸϮ˾ϳ˾ˡ
ôλϷˣס
ԣˮԷ⣬׼ߣȴֻӭԺѾǲ۹⣬Լһʱܽˡ
ĸףҪȥĸ˾˾˺;ĸԺӣɻص
ԭΪĸקһ·Сʲôأȴ˱ˮԷ
ţĸײѾĸ
˼⡣
ܽˡ
Ҳ̫ˣŻʲôûʣһСܹͷŷ֣ҲǺͿˣȻסĸԺӶˣȴ˸ա
ɻܽЩΡ
ãʱ躸Ըϵˡ
СãǲˣĸѾȥٺãЩЦ
-

48 ί

ܽΣ
Ȼֻܴ¸Ūȥˡ
ɩҾһʱˡܽЦ
ЦҡҡͷҲûܽʲô
ܿóܽոյļȷʵ¶ˣֻҪʲôأ
һܽٺߣһ߻˵ϵһЩүϮԭŲʦڵİԺӵģĸ׾ٺǱ徻˹ȥȥҲãٺȷʵ徻ٲЩ
˵ϻһ١
ܽҲŽŲ˶١
֪˵ʲôԶĲŵֲһ֮ϳ֮ûιԼķԣ˵ܽû֪ʮ꣬ǵܽûг޵ʱÿϼ꣬ö̧һ
Ҳϲѡ
ϲԶҲЩңֻҪһ˫ŮúõģЩӽЩ˵һҲνЩȴΪǴȣΪĸǸӣûٹЩӵϸǰ
ÿÿʱܽû
Ҫһֵĺñ޷ôģ
ΪʡģҲΪͼ徻ֱӽԶЩҶŵһԺŮˣֽӰŵһԺŮһԺӡ
ԺӽڣڸͳƱԷ
Щˣ⻨ԼЩ˹ʲôˣ֮ԶЩңڸܻжãǻδء
ԴˣԶҲûЩҵߥ֮¿

ֻһֱڣԶЩһǴǸôԺÿΪ˵ͷԵľøһľ֪ˡ
ٺãȷʵűԷԶһԺӡ
뵽ܹܵ鵽ЩܽЦһ
֮̽⣬ûЩʱϲʹ˺ùЩ˽հֵַģǺÿأҪЩ˲ۣǵҪӲıײ
ǡ
ֻܽ˶٣ָϵĽŲ
ܽ˼룬ϲûв˵ԴӰᵽٺãĸ׵ɫĺˣٺȷʵʺӡ
ҪЩʱʱĻҪֵ³ξȻ쿪뽫Ůĸ׵¼ǣĸ׵ɫ˵á
Ҳ˵ĹһѾٺ⡣
ǰ㣬ܽӵĵȻﲻ˵ȷʵǼΪ˵ġ
һ㣬ֻߵĴѾľѾԺ⣬ܹóˡ
ˣ̣үС㡭
ܽˣæ
ϵ˵ͷʾһܽٺߣһʵĸѾ𣿿ùˣſɻθڣ
һ߻شһĿбӡ
·˽ţǡ
Լλ̰
Ҫ֪һλ̻ңΪ˳ǿ̧־͸һƣ綼ǵϻ۵ĸо
ϵߣϵǰҲһģ˴ͳ飬滹ǵһΡ
֮λֻ̣ܾԶ֮ˡ
ڣƺûҪע⵽˼˿
Ľ֮Уһǽٺõ

ǽãϴһؽӣͷŶ٣һ׺챦ʯͷ棬żΪ̬Ӻݡ
ܽһ۾Ϳĸϡ
ȻʮûȥԼԴ˿ûκεļ䣬ļֻʮ꣬ʱȵҪϣֻܽñһᣬҪˡ
˵ж󣬵ĸ׵ĸǰһСӣίͬҪᣬΪ֪ĸ׻Լ
ܽھ̬
뵽ʮôίģôӵģͺ޵ֱҧҪѰĸ׸״ĳ嶯
ĸףܽק־ͳ˹ȥ
һ
ǰܽһϾ֮ԵӣϵͷһֻΪܽǴ治Ҫ϶ˣֱܽһ˽ϵĻһ˸ϲǷ
˵СþôҲҸĸ׶ֲǣ
ţ־йŹ֡
ܾãԼС˽ŻӣôһίҪĸ׳С
ʵҲһ
Щԭ޼ĸŮĿѼ棬ˣҲܿͻÿһζԲɢΪ˽
Ȼĵġ
-

49 

ôҲû뵽ԼŮ֮䣬Ȼӡ
Ҫ˸ɮҲûȻϼҪΪԼŮǱʲô»Ұˡ
ЩܽΪȻϼΪʹԼģԼνܽƱĳģٿܽĮӣ̲ס
Ϊӵ£ϲ֪ٴܽ
ɵӵ׻ҪĸľôۣҲֻżǹ
ѾԺһֱȥ׼
ȴ룬ܽӻؾһȻһͷ˽ĻίҪѰĸ׵һ
ϵȻΪ˭ܽί
ڵ˭ܽί
ԼϲǣܽȻһյĮ׽
ŽͷԼܽżͷ･ʪϵڿж˶٣׻̾һַܽıϣġ
ȻΪܽЩԺǵĮӶĸ׵ģôļǺԼĺأ
ϵܽˣֻŮѡ
ܽͱȸ˹һ§ڻ˺һϺ躸ԸŰһˣźǵ棬ʲô
ܽȻ
ôûĸˣĸţ֮ܵǰδеİġ
϶Ѿ˵ˣӻأܽҲֱӴϵĻ
Ȼ󡭡
ѾϮͷ
ĸǸػˣЩҪ£ҲӰ쵽飬ķȥ
ͱ磬ԶԼЩôЩô֣ûϵ϶೤һơ
ҪԼТŮôЩһֱĸʡģĸôϵô죿
ĸס
ܽſԣȴֲ֪ôӺ˵
ҲôֵĹۿһ죬Ҫˡ
ϼܽٴ̾Ϣһ
Ůծ
˾ͺã˾ͺáܽļ
Ҳ֣ĸŮǰЩеĲ죬ƺ֮ɢһ㡣
ܽȻϻе˼űҲΪЦˡ
ѽҡҡͷ
ֱܽӣǰϵĻģ֮е磬ɿһֱק֣΢΢һ»͹˵ϣƱϵ˫ϥ
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Ϊʮ䣬ϵеġǡŭʹǸ
Щ¶ģһ˺ѾɣܹģҲֻǾֲѡ
ĸףĸףô꣬ǹһʲô
һˡǵһʱҲһȡ
۵ŮǰЩ꣬ȴֻܿǴܵԶŮһһв̤ʹģֻûܹ֪
ںˣĺӻˡ
ȥЩ꣬ôȷǾԼŮÿοܻܽоİڣİȴѾȫȻˣȡ֮ԵѪԵ׽û˴ǰƺʲôмĸо
ޱȵο
ˣʱѾˡ
˵֮ǰ˾ܽʲô·ŪϣҪõʲôôܽһ֮󣬾û˻ˡ
ʮ䣬ֺܽΪκ¶κˣ
ΪƷĹˣ龰ܹܽ¹ˣҲָģֺΪҪõʲô¹
躸Ը̲סһۡ
ܽ⼸쳣ٴȷһ㣬ǵĸףıòһˡ
Ϻײסᣬܽ˺ˣϽúǿЦ
ӵ֪ˣĸοܲԭ£
ϵֻ۵Ůǻ˵ϲãﻹǵùȥʮ꣬Ϊܽ˶ٵ
ܽ˳վЩһۣЦŵĸף֪ܸģǺ£ʲôЦģ
ܽģ֮ǰ
ĸŮһЦ
Ȼ
Ͽܽܽǣ
ȻܽǰͿˣҲûɻġ
ܽЦЦĸףû£⼸ջǰʮ꣬һһˣ֪Լ˶ٵĴ£ĸСͽң֪ҪģŮҲĽ̻岻ǣ
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50 ׵

Цü۶չ
ĸŮѾкܶûƽ͵˵ˡ
ܹóܽһʲôû˵ȻѾԭܽǰ֣ȻһҪ׷ʡ
֣ϵ躸Ըĸúÿ
Ҳһʱûмˡ
躸ǼΪ׽ģһкֱ嵽ϵĻ躸Ըվϵߡ
Χţиˣ罫׼õģϲĲ㶼
һʱ֮䣬ٺһƬ
ץһѹӣȴԼԣǰ˷һֻһ߰һ߿ϣĸӨأ
Ǳ˾Ѱ˸£Ժ飬ղգȻڸ
ᵽŮЦϴʱ˵ҪӨǰ̳ѩˮôӨԭҪһȥǵģٳԺӵʱ̳ѩˮûڳͰ͵ĻȥѩˮȥˣҲӦÿˡ
Цͷ
ʮ꣬Өʮ˶ǵȻռѩˮķ֮ˣΪ˴ոȤѣµСãһռѩˮһѩˮԼѩˮһ裬˾ůȤ
ů
Դǰ˵ǼΪɹġ
˵ĹѾһСӵĹʶ
һߵĴѾ߶֮࣬ͬǰ򷢳ȥӣܹܰŵߵģΪϸҳϣҲǲ˵ûѡ
ڣѾʪӣ֡
ȻһӵĹʶϵǰƣĸԹӡ
Ц
һΪůĵС
ϲԹӣֻʹڲʱôãԹȻҲûôˣĻֻǰ˵һΣ֮ÿܲ˸ӳԡ
Сܲأ
ãããҲֻĸЩĶ㰮ԵģȻӨСȥһ桭ϵ
һ˵Ż˼ʷŽ
ܽһ۰Ͱ͵ؿš
ΪԼԹӾϲȰٳأ뵽ǸԼģǰϵġ
ԼҹŮ֪Т˳ĸܽȻҲǸ˵ģǿǵӶҪðĹʶٿԼǰʲôûУĸ׼ֱҪ̲סԼһᰡ
ġ
׵ᡣ
ܽĿƵؿţҪǻûзӦĻǲǳٶˡ
ҪǻȻʲôӦ˭֪ĸҪʲôأ
ʱܽ׽ܽʱϵЦݣԼ֮һֱֻ߬֡
Īģ;ãҪһӦûУеûа취ǵ
￴˿
ֻЦ⣬룬óһͬĵӡ
ܽϻο
ԣҪҲһӹʶ
ţͼţӰϵǵӹСص˼ϵһС鵽յٽֻƵܽǰ
һУܽգգ۾ƺ˵šЩٶˡ
ܽ˿ϵֻӣֻһ⣬װģٿԼֻ
Ǿᡣ
ٶȽһСʷŽ
ŮĹӣƽʱôԹӣʱҲôô㣡
㣬㣡
ܽˣĪЩ졣
ˣȴúЦ
ôˣΪôʶǡ
ҲЦҡҡͷ
Ц֮ŵķһۡ
˵ӨҲùˣôôã
ţϾ洫һ
ܰһ
šüͷ
֮˵лӨӨֹʲôٺ
Щ˼ȻĵҪôӨôһʮСֹܹģ
ˣŻԽԽӽٺá
Ҳšüͷ
ԷǱߵ֣ٺߵ⣬Щ֪ġ
ԭţܽԷôҲðЩȴЩ˾ǹѡʱֵϸǰ
ԶǸ̰ɫģҲǸ֮ˣЩÿϼ꣬Զͻ̧һңЩҶͨͨϰõ˱Է
-

51 

㱱Է󣬵ǵطޣ¼ͼͣҲֻסôˣԶûűˣҲ˷ӣÿ̧һңͽԷɫ˥ûһȥԻǷɣ˲źôû̧Ҳŵطס
ɴˣҲԿԶǸʲôˡ
ͳȥЩңɶǸˣô檣ΪʲôȫȫôЩ꣬ȴΪҪͱͳȫû뿪˾ǿʲôı
֪֮
ҲΪһ㣬ûߵЩԶңǲ˿ķɣΨǲԶЩһνˣͳľˡ
ˣЩҲŻΪôЩͷԵͷѪ
ԷôЩ֮УҲûرܳģоһλ˵븮ʮ꣬ȴȻԶĳ谮ԶһһŮ
һΣڱߥԶҪǶŮϵ¡
£ϵȻܴӦ
̽ԶЩŮžѾǼˣҲЩ˹жãҲǸЩԴˣ˼ӣܻԼһ˫ŮİϵҲóԿ
ġ
붼Ҫ룡
ԴˣԶҲûйûڹһڣϾ͸ɴԼԷЩ˵
Ҫ֪ϼ޽ʱ򣬾Ǹռӣάֵڣȫϵļױ
ҪǲӳԶЩңֻܸż
ԶҲ֪ǲܵͷģҲѧֻԼ֡

Զһ˫Ůĸ׵ķϣܽҲûжԶӡ
ֻô࣬ԼҪãЩŮ˭ҪһǾֻܿ˭ܺԶˡ
˵ĺլǿҡ
ңϣҲѾϰˡ
ȴ룬챱Է˾Ȼֵ
׼Сýһĸ׻ᰭ
ߡ
ɴ֪ĸײãСûʱ֣Сøһ֣øĸ£
һʱܿ϶ԷЩ˵״ʲô⡣
Ǵʲô⣬СѾת䣬ǵƾעܵóѡ
ҲôһĹȺѾµٺˡ
ˣӳѩܽ
ھ£ܹܿģٳţܹ˼һΪľǷֹ⡣
Щӣ˶⣬ûи
ܽҪûǹʰЩˣӳѩҲһ˵ġ
ܽĿⷺ䣬ҡҡͷ
ӳѩǲٶԡ
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Ȼ󡭡
뵽ԼﱧŵĺװʲôӳѩͻȻãдҪ
ϵЦݡ
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ɾôЩˣϲ˵ʱùͷ
ǰûЩˣֻǲΪôЩԼֶѡ
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ҲЩ˼ƽϣ˺飬úʰһЩˡ
ûĹߵǲ֪Լʲô
ûȴѾ˳ȥܽϵֱϰοİ˰ĸףǽŮͺúΪǣ
˵ǡ֣ܽЩɭϡ
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ŮĻˡ
иˣҲĻ׼ȥŶѾߡ
Щ˼ȻԼֺαҪţ
ϣôЩ˴Ҳ֪ܽʲôˣϾҲûټܽʰЩˣֻʮܽҲûжӣñԷЩ˵ʹ
躸ˣ˪ܽˡ
Ը
Ҫǰռĸ׵һ棬ǿ϶ǲĸǰεġ
Ϻܽ˶ƣһȺѾٺãȻԺŴţôˣ
-

52 

ٺõʮˣ󲿷ѾСŮˣҲһŶʮͷʹСЩŮ˴ö欵ġ
ǵĴͲѿԶǸʲôƷζ
һȺ˽ٺãﻹΪ⡣
ǽ˾檣ӹÿûǽ֮ǰôãԶӻǴõģֲûˣȻֹԶȡӶҲǹԼĻһЩˣʣôӣôһ
ǹÿడ
ҪҲһ˫Ůߥ³嵽ٺˡ
ϲүס˭֪һͳȥĻ˭ڸôǲԴǱͳȥûûһ֮ͻˣǻ硣
ȵһ죬ľΪԼ㣬§أ
λ˹˵Ĺ̿ǹˣλ˵棬ǿ޵òһЩλƽʱôˮݵģôҲܴӳɣ
Щ˵뷨ˡ
˵ܽ
ϣܽԼӶ˳һֱͼЩȴûסӨͷߵ󣬡ĸĸףùãǵġ
лЩ⡣
ϺϵȻӨ
һʮСסЩˣ
Өģʾο
ܽƫͷӨ
Өʮ꣬ܽȻûмģСﳤðװ׾ģòϣʮɰܽһϲ֮
֮ǰʱ׼ˡ
´һҪϡ
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ܽ͵СҪʲôʱԼ˵һ㣬ʮ次ͲһŮ˳־Ϳʼ
еǰԴᣬеǵʣеޡ
֮иĿ޷
ò˵ЩҲɫ˶꣬ǿޣҲѿ˵ǿ޳˸ԵУҲǺܲˡ
Ȼû;ˡ
Ϻ϶һǶѾˣȻʲôоҪܽҪЩˣֻͽЩ˸˳ȥ
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Щۣ
Բʲô⡣
ܽŮգգۣǿˣΪôʰǡ
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֡
ӳѩһ㶣ȻԼﱧŵĺװʲôִ˸£ҲҵˣϽʹ򿪺ӣȡӣСصݵܽ
ܽӹӣһָУȻһֻžһӱ
ԺĿһ٣ţǿٴ𣬶һøˡ

֮ǰĿޣװǻƵļٿޣĿޣǾĿˡ
ңǱſ޵ġ
ܳٺõģԶ֮бȽܳģоа֮ܽǰ˸ġ
ӣ֮ܽǰǸʲôӣ⼸˻ʼ
һ߿һ߶⼸˻һ߲źۼЩ
Ҫ֪ܽȻӶˣȻô׵뿪Ƕȶ˺

ˣҲҪֲܽ⡣
ܽ΢΢ۣһ˫Ů˵
ҦԶңҲͱܽѣԶɽʱܽûгء
Զһͬ͸ģΪֺ˶ģȻֵܿԶĻģԶ˾
ֻ
Ȼɹ˾֪֮󣬹Щڵġ
ǸʱڣȻѾˡ
Ȼ֪ˣﵹҲܿӦԶĳ谮ܿľһһŮ
ͬʱﻹǸῴɫģһԶŮ֮ڱԷǸ߸ϲһģܽǰΡ
һΪܽ۵Ůⲻǵˡ

Ϊܽıˡ
ҲΪῴɫǰܽÿҪӵʱľ˻ȥǴûаܽıӣһ˫ŮҲˡ
ܽΪ˿ûپźء
ֲܽ뵽׵
˵ԶЩһֱûб仯
-

53 

ܶ͸ԼŮŮ죬ܶԸԼŮŮ죬ϲõǼʮһյû䡣
뵽ܽЦһ
Ҳ֪ǲ֪Ҫӻ˳ȥ׵ɲڸء
Ҳá
ֻϣ
ȵʱ򣬿Щҵӣ̵ܹס۲źá
ţֻܽһޡ
ǰûܳɹ鵽ܽһֱź죬ˣҪǻһ˫ŮˣܽɲܴӦ
þòˡܽ
һ˫ŮҪ˵һ
ΪῴɫǸˣûܽҵĻᣬǷǳһ¡
ڸλ̣ǰټɵġ

Щ۳ԭôܽ͸ʧķһȻȫʶˣ˿
٣λ̲űӳˣҲٲηλ绢ˡ
˵ʮǿǹ൱ġ
õʲôʱײ˷˾ͱűӳһ٣ֻҪϲүˣһ˫Ů⸮Ľĺӡ
ܲ
ҲΪ̫ˣŻ˽һ˫Ůµ⡣
Щŷ˺λ̱ͬˮ˵Ǹˣûڰֻ
֪λǲ˳ͷֻҪϲүˣôܲͷ
ԣŻɿԶһڡ
ΪλЩ߻ԣҪԼڱ߶һļң˵һ֮£䵽ʵأ
ò˵ҲȷʵǼƵġ
뵽λ̻ͻȻ֮䡭
ԣ˵仹׼ȷӦֱǰӲǡ
ĺڰҪܹصʱ֮ǰԲɿһٺãԿλ̾ͶԶԶģ
Ͽûкҩԡ
ܽĻｩͣ½Ų
ԭѾ˶һܽĻǰ˾ʲôĬһ㣬ˢһ¾˿Լһ˫Ů¶ܽǰ

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Σȴٹܽϥһ񣺡檼̡
檡ȴǼ֪ܽµңԼһ˫ŮӶˡ
ɲʲôƲСѧľȡˣԼĿģЩûٳԿҵǰԶǰСȫһֺﶼˡ
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֪ȤĴգȻҲͲԳơ檡ˡ
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ҲΪܳ裬һ˫ŮСûԹʲô࣬ܽʮü꣬ȻûлʶܽôʰЩ۵˵ģһֱǵﾹȻܽͷǾŭġ
Ȼ֪ܽˣΪܽЩµĻƣ˿ɴûнܽ
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ڣܽɻʲôû˵Ҫܽ
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Щ걻߻ˣԵ;ܾˣΪʲôҪΪӦȸ밲š
-

54 ʦ

ֱҪˡ
ǰжһ˫Ůھжڡ
Ҫ˵ǰҲǸСĽӣҲʮܽı仯ʵ̫ˣŻΪܽҲܱԭ飬Ӷʧ˾֮ģǰп֮ԡ
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͵ҪΪǰĲ۵ʱˡ
ܽ˵˫ü΢΢һ
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𳤵ԶЩƣԶֳһƤңòҲȷʵҪҲŽϵ£Ӷȥʸ֦ˡ
ΪôһŮܽԲ͵СǱһЩģͱ֮ǰ֪š
ǣԶƵǰܽȴǰⶼûС
ñӳġ

ܽɲǸ³ç֮ˣñӳˣҲܹΪǶԷã¿ºָİѱ
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ԣΪĿ˳۾ûͷûԵĳŮһ
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ʼʱֻΪ˸Լ˵ģ˵ģҲԼû˵ˡ
ΪԶţϮ˾źͳ˵ܽǲ޵ģͬһףͬһƾʲôһϮһǸ߸ϵĹˣôܱţ
𲻷
𲻷Ҳͬ
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ˣı軵ˣȻ档
˵ھĻȻܱ棬ֻ˴ĵõ׵۰ˡ
ܽЦһǲǾáǶǸ׵ĶŮܹõҺֳһ磿
ŴȻû˵ϵ飬ܽû˵
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ͷһȴǲκεĵ飬ԸСѾȥѰˣԼҲųȥ֪ͨѾȥˡ
ȻǸռӣЩϵľӪǰѾ֪˶٣Ϯ˾ϳ˾֮󣬸θת
ԣ̺Ѿӻǲ٣ֻǽЩ룬ӵʱ䡣
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ѾͷµҲȻĸ׾ǻˡ
ܽš
ɲ֪Լ֮ǰһƣ֪ж
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ˡ
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֪ҪԼ˵ʲôһ˫Ůǻҡ
ԣôһ˫ŮһģҲֻܽ죬һֶ˵
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55 

ܽü
ȻôʶȤֻһ˫ŮȻûѧֵġ
ܽһסһĶĿһԺϻɨ
£ܽ赭д˵֡
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ҲǹµС

ôôֱͦͦվţΪĹ£˻˼Ϊ𾪵Ϊλ
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ںúڽһ˫Ů̵ô棬ļѧ˰֣ôѱݵܽȥأ
ֻһŭֱţǰһֱΪԶĳ谮ǳ˹ү֮⾸ڶȵˣʵϣǰڱԷҲȷʵ١
ԷһھھˣıΪ⾮±ˡ
ԣܽ¹򣬱޷ܡ
Ϊǵһֻ֪ԶŮϮ֮ĶŮˣǾá
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ȵһ޳ʱҲѧˣɵɵվ˳飬ʶľԱ߶˹ȥ
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ܹóô꣬ȷʵȡ֮⣬Ҫһԭһȷʵúܺãڱҳһ£ҶϵǣͼӰľͶһżΪ˵ѪﻹܼŴǰĺɫ
ֻ޺ۣ֪ܽһ޳ж˿жʹʹˣҲʼչڵϣҶһ£ûһ˫ŮҽС
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ı޳꣬ܽ˹Ľջţſ𣬡˵ҵĸñҵһţ
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ΪǰıޣԭûйµļԶҲŹˣԺﵹֱֻͦͦվţԵøۡ
΢΢̧̧°ͣܽžӸµ̬Ҹո˵ˣǹ£
˵Ĺ£ɲǶ˵ġ
һ⻰Ǳȼһ
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˵ܽɲǳô
-

56 飨һƱ~

ڱԷǸڷ絲꣬ıΪľǰֱܽеļ󶼸飬ǲǿԼǸʲôݡ
Ը壬Ǿͻļ֮Եá
ڴܽܲޣ
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ܽɲΪ˵ǵĻӦģ˵̧꣬־ֳ˳˹ȥ
һΣͲ֮ǰǼֻǱܽһĺۼ缲һĳϡ
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˶ûгԹܹģһʹܿ޳οܽڻ˿û֣ܲÿģ
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֪ڣܽԻ䱾ĶԴһ˫Ů
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ܽ⻰Ѿ̲𶼲ɿ
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ʱĸˣ˫Ŀ죬ͷɢң¶ƤϻԿһ˵Ѫۣģֱ˵ǼΪˣ֮ǰɿ˹ʱֱһһ¡
һٴٲҳܽ۾ˡ
ںڰΪʲô֮ǰȰǵҪܽأ
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ע⵽ڵ״̬ܽ⡣
֪˾ͺãԺͲʲôˡ
ʰס֮ܽĿһתʮûϱӵңǰµĳǸһӱ𣿡
˵꣬ҲЩ˱Ļᣬܽ޾һٳ顣
ˣЩܽûпչǣһ֮ȻЩǱôûôҡ
龰֪ܲǱܽɱӺġأ
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Ȼֻˣ
ڣܽߺǻ᲻ԶܽҩǾֻԼ֪ˡ

ܽں
Ȼᡣ
ûף֮ܽĵλΪԶ
һ٣ֻܽúһˬΪ֮ԼĪһжҲ֮ɢ
Ȼ˹ȻǷй;
ܽһ֣ӵݵӳѩǰ
ӳѩ˿ĵ飬΢ϹϾĴܽｫӽӹϸ˿ˣյ˺
ǰ֪ܽűӳʱӳѩѾԤнд·ڿԤпɲӦô
-

57 ֦Ʊ~

ͬʱӳѩҲһʡ
ڷˣô֪ԭķأ
ͷβĿһеˣ躸ԼӨȻҲֻ̹űӽЩ˳һٵ˲ԼϺȻ񼸸Сϲŭɫò˵Щ˵ùǵȷʵҪһЩ
ܽѾǷž֣һȲ裬¿Ҵһڵˡ
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֮˭ҪϲˣҲͲ˭ù
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Щ˶ˣ̧̧֣ܽˣȻǶˣǾͻȥɡ
Ŵ⣬׷״ӵҪߡ
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ţԺٲٺˡ
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ܽ˵ҲЩˡ
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ԭɿ뽫ǶԶŮҲϵ¡
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Ҳ֪ҪûڱɿţԶҲҪ󣬶ǸɿԶˣֻ˭

ĿģҲȷʵûŪס
ԣܽһ˵ͽĺĹ
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ҲΪˣʶƺͿ˼Ҫ˵Ļġ
Ŀô
˵ô
ΪȢ˳ҪȢҵС߼ҵү˵Ҳܽ˳Ʒأ
-

58 £Ʊ~

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ƺֲȱ۶ƽʱŶȤҲˣҪȢǼǿǰ㶼ġ
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ԣһʼעҪյġ
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ܹΪ˸ĸ¾ͬģΪ˸ĸ£ôǰĸӡĸŮֵ
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⺢ӣôôصĺأ
-

59 ׵ĸƱ~

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ܽۡ
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Զ촩һ׵ŵҲһ忡ʿ˫۾̫һ㲻˵ĳټһľ˼˲Ǹˣ

ԶԼûᵽһġ
Զһۿľߵܽһ˫ŮߵݣԶͷĪһԭֱ׳Ҫʦƣ˲ȥ
ԶЩܽŮġ
ǰܽûгʱҲˣ׵ĺôܱôһֵϣ֮ܽһԾ˽ˣԶټܽʱ˼ֵ
-

60 £Ʊ

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ӣܽӳѩ֪ͨĹǹػȻȴ˼ŽźԼյҪ׼Щʲôˡ
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67 ˽

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68 Ը

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69 Ĩҩ

ܽ˵ͷȻȴû˵ʲô
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70 ôãƱ~

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71 ɽҩ

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Ҫ˵˼λ֮⣬ŵҲܹˡ
ǰ˲ʱȻլһڹ¹ţҪʲô£Ǹ˻ܹܡ
ʱܹܶԷ˵̬ȾԽԽӳѩӳڲͬʱͷҲΪ֮һ
ܾá
ܹǿ͸ʲôһ㡣
ĲȷӳѩӳͷЩ
ҪǣˣҪүһأҪǱ˷ˡ
˲ɵһ˸䡣
ܽһ㣬һۣǾ䣬ȻطӼѡ
ˣӲ䡣ӳѩӳͬص
˵ܽҲ˵ʲôˡ
ϴϣܽͭԴһ£ȷûﲻˣվܹȥ
ӳѩӦ£ӳȥ׼˲ˮġ
һܹܾ͸ӳѩû
ˣѾҵһóдӵ˼ҾƶΪӦĻѣϾ֮дЩ֣´һ£ԶЩӣõļǳ˵ı¡ܹܲܽԸͽԼ¶˵˳
-

72 

ܹԣܽصͷ
ˣ˱ضܴﵽҪ
˴𣿡ܽʡ
ܹ΢΢ǰŷҲҪʻ±˴˸ʱڶŴţǷҪˣ˽
ܽüչ˴ɡ
Ȼϸˡ
Ҳûܽȣܿ˾ͱ˽
Ŷʮ߰˵ͣͦߣμΪͦΣһɫѣûд壬żΪ򵥣ѵڡⲿϴЩס
Ȼ˼Ҿá
˶Լ쵽ԭȻǲ֪ģʱܽţЩţܿ죬ͷĳܽʩһ񣺡ѧʱݼˡ
ʱǾˣйܽǲǹ֮ġ
֮ܽ⡣
ʱ뵽Ǿϲ
ͬͬҾƶһֻƭС̤֮·һȴöϾʱд׬ǮԼ飬ǽݾ֮ĸ
ҲˣܽĿⶼЩض񣬶ɡ
ӳѩӳֻԲʹ
ܹܺʱ£˶δʵˣҲԲʵһ롣
ӣʵһҪӵİæܽ
æ
ʱо
ǰ֮Ůˣݣǰλ˾Ե𡰹ˡˡ
Ĺˡ
кҪԼæ
Լı£ʱ֪ģ츳Żѧʶֻ֮ʣԴʮһʱ˾ˣ֮μδǣȴɽͬʿδܵС
ʵҲѰ
ѧ֮·֮ѣоӺ࣬ÿҲֻȡˣɼѶȣ˵ʱβУǿ׷ԲԶֻǸԱ˸Ƕţë
ʱ˵ˡ
ʱʱҾҲʵǼжӣٹ鲢̫ĸţֻԼйĸӱһձѹ
ʱʱ٣ԭǲټˣȸԸԼĸ׼֣Ҳҧ
ֻǣǶԭеıȴ֮м˸ɾ
ȵǰ˾٣ĸӲԺ
ĺתȻУȴҲޡ
ǰ˾˱һ˵ۣԼһĿ˰ԼߺȣȻȻľͻΪūҵ˵£̫浱޷̰Żս֮·ټҲԸĹԱӵ̫Ȩʱ˾٣ľҲֻкתѡ
ʱԾ˵ݲСȱμӴǣĻѿǲ٣ԲŻԼд˻Զ֣Щʷѡ
ȻˣʷѣֻΪôϺÿ˵ˣʵΣʱҲġ
ʱ֪֮֮ƣֻҪһ죬ҲԸЧ͵ˣ
ЩˣΨһĳžǻдӣ
ⱾƵ֮٣ǽһ⣿
ʱҲľ졣
ԣŵܽԣʱæҾһ񣬵ˣкβǲܷԸǣѧܰ죬زƴǡ
ܰ쵽ġܽ˷㰴ҵҪдӡ
Ȼ²⣬ܽ˵ʱ̲סȡ
˵ĴʱȻҲ˵ġ
ʵϣھǣҪ֪ˣҲȷʵѶȡ
ʱֻΪģԼ˸£ȴֿĲɲ֮ܽڱ£ԲŻѰԼ
ţʱһ̾
ĸЩΪ˹飬˵ǲģʮ˿ŵǱʵٲʮꡣ
ˡ
ƽķ£ֱǿ뿴Ļӡ
ֻ˵ͬ˲ͬ
ʱҲ٣ȻڣҲǰװ˷ʱģһգĸ׹ӣ
ţʱü΢˵Ҫ󡣡
ܽԼҪһһʵҪ೤ʱдã
ʱһ£µǲӣиһҲˡ
ܽ˵ͷֿܹܡ
ܹܵˣָ彻ӡƣǴЩҲˡ
ʱզࡣ
Ҳд˲ٵĻˣӽָ彻ȥһֱӡɣ˵ҲҪһµʱ䣬ܹֻձ㹻ˡ
-

73 С


ԼǰķǺݣʱҲþˡ
֪ԼҪʲôʱܿ˸ǣ뿪
ʱıӰܽ΢΢˵ͷ
ȥʮ꣬ԼЩ£֪ܽԼڶ֮ûʲôԵģǹˡ
ʱ֮󣬴ͷβֻйްɫֻһѼΪѵˡ
뵽Ϸ˵ЩܹܽܣȻдãЩʷѸλˣ㲻˵ǰ˾ô괺֮ǰרĶ飬˵׼ܽˡ
ܹܵ˵ͷ
ȻյĹܹܾӡƺõĻӹ
ܽ·һ£λ˵ıȷʵ൱ܽҪЩȫ˳һɫø
ܽ⣬ЩӣѾȥԶ𣿡
ܹܵͷѾ͹ȥˣձʽʼ
˷ĵġܽ
ȷѾãܹܽˡ
Ȼܽӳѩӳ᰹Ըһ
ҲֱʱӳѩӳᰲܽЩæһΪʲô
ﶼЩӡ
˲룬ܽķԸȴǲҲӣ⻥ʾһȷûв֮Ƿ
ѽʱϱʱ䡣
Щһ׼ʱ͡Ժûü˵ͼܽһСӣӳѩӳ˵
СҲԭҲǽĴС㣬ȴһ죬˽ҪǱĸ֪ˣҲ֪εˡܽһ˵Żһϧҡͷ
ӳѩҲ͵ˣɲôӿѽСʵǽһֵĺƴ˸ϡãͼһʱʹ죬ȴļ˻˶ʲôǸˣôߥ֮˽أ
ӳ᰸ŵͷƸΪޣΪ檣֪ģö˶˵ĴС㣬ΪͶ꣬òװ˽ʿۿҪͷˣȻ׵ɸ檣ȢϷŮǡ
˶һϧ
ЩŲ㲻Ϊ֮һ١
˽
Щ۵ԵøС
ĸ׷ʲô
ЩĻš
漴ͷĲ²⡣
ĸϴ¶ĶĲϲ֪£Ѿűӽݳһˡ
ھۼĸʰЩ˵ġ
ô
ɺˣ
ĸõǻӣѲļ³Ļӣ
֪ܽпӵİõģʱҲδɡ
˼תţŲƣߵܽĽǰһЦһߵĸףӳѩӳ˵ʲôȤ¶أβ˵Ҳ
˵ͬʱĿҲ䵽ܽϡ
ܽոµĻӣЦŵʲôȤ£ⲻԶֳµĻӣһλС;ⶣʵڲò̾Ϣô
ŶʱرֳȤλʲôСӣ
ӳѩʱСԭҲǧС㣬ȴһλãҾƶСӵĸĸ᲻Ů޽˼ܿģλСӾĻ֮˽ԭŽ˱Ÿĸ£˭֪ĸŭ֮£ཫ˼塣
ӳҲ⻹ҵģСӼ֮׬Ǯ飬˼۾찾Ϲˣò˽ʿԭǰͷˣҪŵˣȴȻϷŮۣԡƸΪޣΪ檡ɾܲСýȢӣֻңȻ󻹽ϷŮȢš
СҲûа취Ͼ˹ϵû˳ţֻܴݺѪ̣󻹱ϷŮĥˡӳѩһ˵һҡͷ
Ĭˡ
ܾá
⻰СӣԼһ
ܽֻһۣȻܿݣ̲סЩɣݵĻ
ǰЩ͸Щӣûһ
ǡ
ĸײ֪˵ʲôѽҲ͸ܽôˡ
ţȴͻȻʳһĸף˽Ļصĺ𣿡
ܽЩȵؿǲΪλʳ⣬ȴҲǿ϶صȻˣ㿴Щ˽Ĺ˭˺³ģ
-

74 

ί¶˼˻ĹȰΣһʱ֮Щӡ
ĵһӣǴܽõġ
ʱŲʮ꣬ʱţֻҪܽǰתƣܽһע⵽ġ
ʱġܽϲָĻӣҲˡܽӰ죬һγſһӣ֮һʰ
˵Ǹ磬ǼΪģǿԳһеҿԵõԼҪһС
ҪģҲֻĸ׵۰ѡ
˺ЩӼ˾ĥճɾĹ֮Ѿ͵ȻȻҲͻЩ㽡
ͬʱǶʱҲûڡܽһЩƳЩӵĻܽǰ̾ЩĲӼ˲氮
氮
Ȼ޷ʲôġ
Ⲣ뷨
ĸ׼ƳЩ£ҲЧ»ЩǧСһѰһѧ峵Ĳǲǣĸ׾ͻֳһЩעˣ
뷨ȻǼΪġ
֪Щˣʲôǲܸı̬ȵġ
ٺ
ˡ
ÿ㣬˹ڿ˻ûʲôɾǴӻ߳һ㡣
ҲΪĵһӡ󣬺Żô׾Ͷ˺ø

ҪľͶ
ԼҲûд𰸡
ҲӦ˵Ҫôһ˵ʱóǰǻǮ˵Ҳᷢһ¡
ʶһ㣬ɵšüͷ
ͻȻ;ã÷ԻĲһôһĹ򣬾ƺɫ˲١
Ϊͻ֪Ϊ
ĸǰЩ
Ҳö֪
ĬһʵĸףжǵŮԼ˽𣿡
֣ܽḧ˸ķ˿ɵŮĺжȢǵŮӣλ֮Լ˽⻰Сǰ㣬˽Ůӣûеõýģķû񻰱ȢˣøĸߵİûڣָѿЩŮļܳܵסģ͵ŮܹܵסǸЩӣˣܳƵĺж
סˡ
Щ
û˵
ܷϣܽĻǳе
һŮӣοôѹʹأ
ǡ
ȻתȴҲȷʵ¶Ҫһ˽˼˵ʲôĸֲŮĻ
ǲҲûԼǹ
ôԼǸʲôĵλأ
һΣʼ˼Щ
֮뿪͡ԺȻԻԼԺӡ
֮ǰܽЩԼܽӳѩӳ̸۵Ļӣûй˵˯ʹѾ߳š
ȥԶ֡
ԶǾ֣˵ǴһЩĳ򣬶Զֵķֵ꣬ɴ˿ɼԶֵĹģжˡ
ԶֲģҪرȫѧӿƿ֮·Ҫõ鼮һЩ飬ЩܹŮϲĻҲв١
ǰЩӣʼǴӡܽõģĶǴԶġ
֮ԻԶ֣Ϊ뿴µĻӣϴ͸Щûء
ֻ֪ǲĸ׺ӳѩӳ۵һӡ
Զֵĳͣһ¶棬ſڵһʮ꣬żΪС˾Цӭһʱûˣ⼸˲ٵĻӣйϲģ
һ˵Żһ߽ŻӵǱ졣
˵طСҲûය˸񣬱㰲ȥ
ʼ
ԶҲǾǹģ֣ҲһܣϷŵЩӣǰѾģϴ͸ЩҲҵˡ

ǽЩҲСܵĻӡ
ҪôĻҵضһǿ治ףϾҲ֪Ǳֻ֣֪еһЩݶѡ
룬˵һߵС֡
-

75 ˼

СæǰѹкηԸ
һӡ
ǻӵ˵һ顣
С΢΢šüͷ˺һŻȻ򣬡ԭǱ
һ˵ŻС˶ΪҳһݵϣǲĻӦһˡ
ӹ鿴һۡ
ֻ棬Ȼǲܿǲ֮ܽǰõһ
Сֵ˵СӰȻǹǶһӡ̵һˣö˶˵ǧС㣬ȻΪһʱв̤䵽һ̾ϢĽôܲϧأ
˵ŻСҲɵҡͷ
ͷһɡ

һӣĸһ
֮ҲԼˡ
Ҳ֪ԼΪλ֮ǰĸ׹ûΪ¶˯û˵ϾԶ֡
С˵Ƽ֮ӣֻ˹
С˵ģǸ;ⶵСӲǶֻǱἰһǶѣȻī࣬ΪСӵ̫ң¶꣬ӡ̣ҲϧģλСˡ
֮Ǹӡ
⻰λСӵıҽĸĳĻԼӳѩӳᰡСἰλСʱϧЩвϵĻš
ǰãǻӣǸ˹Ŀ㣬вѧֽϵˡ
ڣȴЩҡˡ
ĸ˵һˣôʥ飬ô֪ܲ˽ִʲôǣŮ˵ǾԵ֮֡
ˣԼ˿ڡ
ϸϸǽ֮һܹƵĸͬǵĻµֶΡ
Ϊˣȫûпǹ
һˡ
Ļ
û취һ϶Ĵ𰸡
ЩãģʶΪԼˣҲһ񻰱ЩӼһȻҪһԵõһԲĽ
Ҳǵڣŷ֣ʵûпˡ
̫αװԼѹûʶ֮
Щҡ
ʵѾˣһֱΪǸľӵҲûôãʱĹԣûа취ôͽ˴γ
Ͼ
ô㽣йصġ
*
⼸죬֣ĸ׺ϲ˿ӡ
ǰʱʱľ˵ʲô氮ͬǣĸڲϲۻдĹ£ϧڣܻᷢһЩ
ͱʱ
㿴СԺ϶ҪԴͷһǧС¼ҲͰˣǸТģôһһֽڣҪܵʲôĥأܽϧǲ޵ص

һ¾뵽
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żǵĽʱ˵ҪһТ˳ĸĻ
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Т
Ҳȷ
漴̲סԼԴ
Լħˣ⼸ղĸ˵ıӣܴҵԼӰӣȻʱʱľͻ˶뵽µӰӣԽԽԽˡ
ĸסʵǻûô֪λСһ˿ͷأ
ֻʮ꣬ûжȻ뵽ôࡣ
ܽü˵ЩСѽⲻŵĸǸѸڼƶ£ѸѶˣŶӲ۸ܹŶӶ飬֪жĶӾǶҪˣͻȻðһϱӣ𣿡
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ô
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붼˺¡
漴ͽͷ˳ȥʹˣܽЩ׻ӡǡ
ܽЦ⡣
ķӣЧˡ
Ȼչ죬ܽѾˡ
Ȼ֮׽һҲֻ׽ѣܶ㲻ϡ
֮£ܽǿӲֶμҵıǸϵҲ֪Թ˵ûߵø
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76 ж

Ȼܽ뿴ġ
ǿӲǾֻȡˡ
Ǹ͸Щӣÿһļ˶Ϊһƴȫ˶ͼķʽǱĬӰ쵽֪Щ֮ܽζŭ֪
漴ܽҲ˷
ϲôҲ֪ķʽӰȻܽȻܹ֮¡
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ʲô˽ֻί檣˴ĥСӰʲôòǿ˵˼ˣ޸˳ԵȵˣȴĸܾίĴС㰡
ȵȡ
ÿһܻôһӡ̣ܹ뵽Լ
ֻЩĽ֣Ѿ㹻˼ˡ
ܽҪģҲԼ˼ѡ
ÿһ˸ĸģԼĶŮ·ԣڿŮ˴ĵ·ʱĸܻ̲סȰȡһЩҵֶνŮ;֮
ֻǡ
ܶʱľٴ벻ҪЧֻὫŮƵøԶ
˵ܶˣǲ֪жԳܡ
ܹܽ˺֮ЩֻмԼȥȥˣֻԼˣŲᱻɱȥ
˵ΪܽҲþ˼ˡ
ȻܽԼʲôֵþȵģĸףΪԼŮЩ˼ʲô
˼лعּܽҿЩҲûʲôֵÿˣʱûЩ￴һеĺжӣȢ˽ĴС㣬ƽƣȴǲ֪мԼĸ֮Ĺϵã㵣ûУָʲô£
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ܽЩˣãĸ˵ЩȻǴһǶЩʵҲе
ж
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ǵҲȷʵǲһ㡣
뵽̧ͷܽͻȻһ⻰ĸףǸж𣿡
ʳ仰ͬʱҲɵ뵽˽ĸס
ڸĸףﶼԹԵģֻǴû֮ڿڰˡ
֮УĸףôʵǼڵġ
ĸȻڸͬסһ֮£ǴδйκεĹģסһµİһ㣬ûҲࡣ
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ܽĬ֣ΪЩŭֱܽ޲ý˵Լ֮ݺ˺ˡ
ͬʱɱģܽҲΪ˴ǰ
ͽ񡭡
ܽҲֱ뽪ףʼ˽⽪ˡ
ʱĽǾֿȵ꽫ѾλȨأսɳżΣԵģҲ赲˾ڷǽǵһȵŮѡ
˭û뾸Ĺﶨס
˵ˣܽԼڶ֮ǰҲûġ
һֱڣܽãΪıʲô
ܽǵã뽪ף֮ǰûκεԤ׵ģǶʱڿܽĻ£ʼʱ񲢲ϵĿ֮С
ῡ
῵ĸϵֳҲܽľ˾֪ѣ֮ܽʱ˾һһûΪ˾ŶǨ뾩ʱҲǼῼεġ
ּŵڣϳλ֣῵ĸ׸ǹӼƣ˵ǼΪˡ
ӡУʱῸ߸ݵģȻͲ󣬵׾ܵ鱾ѬգԵøʱ򣬷ǳø
ܽǵãʱȻΰȴҲΪ˶ղѡ
ϵԼŮǧãڱ˵ûˣԶǸ»޶ȵˣܽǧҲ˵ͷһ㣬ǰּңֻ»Ʋܽأ
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77 ж

֮ΰ῱ǸǳɣҲΪּҵļҷ缫լǴûЩ߰¡
Ҫ῵ĸ׺֪ѣֻҲⷽȥ롣
Ƕʱ䣬ﰵĸ῵ĸϵ˼λΪ̽ϵ뷨õķȴ롣
Ϊ⣬Ͽûٷ
ϻܽʵڲУּؼҵĽ飬ҲҪٳŻ¡
ɴ˿ɼ϶жˡ
ţҲΪԼڳ֮Թ˷ƵĿ࣬ܽѰһЩHµżҡ
ܽʱʮ꣬Ȼ֪ԼѾӦÿǻ޵ˣȴû̫·ϣɣҲֻǲѡ
ԣ֪ϲףܽȰϲҪ̫ϡ
뵽¹ûãϵ֮뽪ס
ڴ֮ǰܽɴûԼλ꽫Ϲϵ
ǵڣһηģܽҲǰ㲻֪ġ
֮ܽʵҲʹϵģÿζЦ֪ܽҪԼȥ֡
Լȥ֣
ûܽʲôһ˯ʮꡣ
ڣǲǸж
ܽҲûд𰸡
뽪׵ʱȻ߽Ѷһ֮һСʱҪ߽ģദʱʵࡣ
ܽٳЩ粻ǽò׼˼
٣ܽǴûвµ˵˼ġ
һ㣬Ҳûʲôܹ˵ģŮɫ棬Դ˳֮󣬸Ѿ߾ûܽ˽ģҪҹʱӽϸܵ飬ֻܽýǲʲôëء
ȣҪʲôëҲˡ
ܽ޵ҵʱҲһЩģҲΪ飬Žķ֮ܽڽҲΪ˶֪нڳš
ţԽ˵鲢˽⣬ǻкܶʱ໥˽⡣
ϾҪһ߹һˣ˽һЩǺõģ
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Ҫ˵ʮǰܽڽûʲôģôڣܽǺ޲ôӽҧ¼ˡ
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ҪǲǰãҪҳ֣ܽһҪúóıʲôζ
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ǽɤڳܽ
ܽͻȻеж
ʱ̬ȿǼΪģȴҲˣⱾһĽˡ
ȻˣĸŮܣûϵֻҪټӰѾŬŬһԽԽ׽ġ
뵽ĳ̲ܽסЦЦ
ܽһ£ˣյͻ磬ҵѾͳȥˣûʲôСãûյҲԵȥ
Сûмкأ
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Ҳеġ
С㣬ݿ˵ǼΪˣǱȲ˹ĹҲǱȵõģȻСյûʲôĿģֵ֮ġ
ǰ
ʶ˽¼»˴˳ȥ֮߾ͽ
ǴǰЩСòˣԼЩ˴չ
ֻǵѣֲɵȻܸоõЩǹάСǿʱصĲм
ˡ
һ߰￴Цһ߻ýã
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ԣڣûʲôСˡ
ǰǱô˻ƣҪ˵ЩҲֻһʱѣɲʲôСá
ֻܽһҲˡ
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78 

뵽Щܽһۡ
СĸŽ̵ţЩ
ķ丧˸ܽοûϵԺԼСõġ
ܽеᣬֻóǸնڱһ
ܹܵõܽʱ۰ǲٵģҲΪŻһܽ׽
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Ȼĸ۰ģǹȥЩ꣬Ϊʲôܶ˲Ųأ
ҲΪĴڣŲȫ½٣ܽһܵĸŮ
뵽һ
ܽһʱͷȻȻûпʣܹܽõΪʲôҲͷɬ
ʮȱʧܽԼ֪ô£˵ˣֻ½⣬ѰڣһѰһ˭ŵĽڡ
ˣԼʵж򶯼ء
ҳ
ܽ̾һ
Ȼ̾Ϣܽûа¶ЦЦҪͻ磬ܵøЩβУýпգùźĸ״Ź䣿
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⼸һֱڿӣԼ˼£һδԳţһܽȥΣܲˣ
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˵ʱ躸ԸҲˡ
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ᡰߡһ
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֮£ŵʱ˶ϲĲˣûºָԸǽԸϡһ
ùţ躸Ը׼뿪ܽԸ֪ԭܽҪš
ԸĶͷᵯһ£˵ôôأԭҪĸһţ뽫ǸƲˣ
ԸƿصĸҪȥΣҲȤһȥ𣿡
һ⻰ԸҡͷûȤ
ϲǲ٣ɲϲȥʲôεӡ
ܽ״ҲЦˣĿӵɨڸԹԵģĸ׻ʱǳԡ
ںӡ
ԸصĸףǿɲǺˣ
ܽﰵ̾һǰĺǶѾСˣϣǻ֮ССģлܹǵߣǳɳ
ͷܽ漴ЦЦǣԸˣСˡ
˵Ц䣬Ѿˡ
ܽһԺӣ躸ԸԻԺӣһš
ʱŸոչʱ䣬ʵЩģܽҲǼôڴγУ̫ãŻôĳ
ĸŮжһЩʱ䵥ദҲǲġ
Ȼ˵ǳΣҲûһʼֱĿ꣬ǲʲôӣֻҪŸȤľڹ䣬һ·ĶҲ˲١
˵Ǵûйľһ˷ܵЩ졣
ܽøпѡ
ʱϾûٴţԼֻǴһΣȻͽı֡
ɴҲԿԼĸ׵Ǻεȿˡ
ôǰʮ
ǸĮġܽʲô飿
ÿ˽һЩЩľܽͻһЩ
ڣˣĺҲپˡ
뵽ָܽ˸ͷϵ٣ЦŵɻʲôҪģûˣǾȥ֥ɡ
Ҫ֬ˮۡͷΣǾЩֺţ֥ҲģҪΣ֥ȻҲѡ
Ȼˣ֥ʮųھǵģܽɻûȥѡ֥ҲΪʹӳѩӳᰣ֪֥̳ⷽ
뵽֥ܽ뵽ˡԼֵ֪ˡ
ɵҡҡͷҲ֪ǸԼǸʲôˣȻ
ʱҲûˣܽ˵Ҳ˵ͷǱȥ֥
-

79 ˹

ܽԭţ֥ҵе̳ĺò֣ĵ֥ŷ֣֥ſھȻϵ塣
״ҲЩȣףô£
ܽӳѩһۣӳѩ⣬æǰ
ûӳѩ߽֥ſڴһѾ߾ͽλյй˼ݵݲӴˣ뼸λͼ¡
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ܽü
νĹˣȻǹЩˣɱżܽʡ׳Ҳֵط
ܽͻȻ뵽˳
ǳĻҲȷʵó峡¡
ȻˣܽҲֻѡ
ϴγ֥ﶪɲŹȥûãųԼĿأֻҲûٳ֥ġ
ܽӳѩ˰֡
Ȼ֥󿰳̳ҲֻΣһұҲˡ
ܽһǰ˵֥ѾҲע⵽ܽĴڣڿܽòһ˲䣬Ѿߵ˲Ͱˡ
ϴλ鸮ǧǳսѾҲڳһ˳֮꣬һֱڣյء
Դ֥Ѿƽ浾ķСǣĳǵһټŵոྪŵܽܲ£
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뵽Ѿߵˡ
ΨܽԼѣѾ߳ܽ˸񣬼ΪصӼˣС㡣
ܽʱǴѾߵɫ֮пһЩ
ԭΪǸ²ⲻܣӦòôԼﶪ˵ģڿλˣǳˣ
ܽ볤Ҳˣǰ˶ʱûԣʮʱ̶û˸ܽ£ˣܽôܲȥһأ
ԣܽδѾ뿪ǿ˿֥棬λˣ˿ʸλ˸ǰ
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ֻǸſڴ͵Ѿͷɴܣθմ
гķԸȣǲŷܽȥͬʱܽˣ˵ǳ̫ʺˣҲὫ⡣
һʱ֮䣬Ѿ߼Ȳҿ϶ֲҷ񶨣Ϊѵöܽˡ
ܽҲǹҪΪѾߣ״˵ͷˣҲΪˣͽȥλһλҲˡ
Ѿһɴ⣬Ҵ˸񣬱תȥˡ
ǻûףЩɻؿܽĸףڴʲôأλǺ˰
ܽЦǳ
һ⼸֣ɫһ
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˵ŻԱá
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ȻҪǺԳԵЩӲɫĻ
ϴξ֥ܽһͷײõô˵˳󣬾Ϊ⣬ʱɶûгš
ͬһطҪ˵ﲻޣǵȻǲܵġ
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80 

ǻ
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ϴ֥ͬ󣬳ܽôʧ棬ǱصӲ֪˿ƫƫܽܽʼٸô˹ŭ֮°ѷ伸˸Ŀȫǡ
ҲΪʧ棬ʱû뿪һҲʵƵЩģҵļŮ쵽ݷã⼸˵ķ׷֮£һã˹
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ҪǿԣȻҲط˭֥ĶǴõģͱȱĵطأ
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ⲻ֥
׻ǶϴηĴ٣Ȼˣȴֱ֥峡뿪֮ǰ׼֥һ
ȻǼΪԵġ
ǵʥϰã̫ŮǰԵһЩѲɻΣ
Լݣ԰
ֻû뵽ܽ
Գ˵ѵõĺ鱻ܽʺƻˣܲ
ܽһ˫üԽԽ
Ҫô˵˽ĵأֻܽһ۾;ãܽ쿴֮ǰЩһ
ʮܽ򽻵Ĵ࣬ҲܿóܽϿʱûʲôʵȴǱצèһ֮ǰ˼־
ãⶨΪܽЩ޹ϵµġ
ʮܽ棬Ǵû·ģֱóʱܹܽȥˡ
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뵽£ɫЩڡ
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ܽ촩һɫĹӣɫɫһԦþͻԺܽƤ𪣬ټɢĵӺܹѹסѷĵӺݻ޲
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ھҲССȻһûǰҲձ󣬶һԭҵ֦һѾ֦
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ԣһֳĲãԳΪ׵ļŮܽŭĿӡ
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81 ʹ

֮һһܵҲڳİ˹֮ǰǵԲˣ֪ʲôı£гڣֳ͵ܵҲֻ˸ƷСٶѡ
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Ȼô뷷һƷİˣǼܽƷ˲ܽ淢ϾֻܳԲ˶ˡ
ҲܽѣŻὫ·
ܽų⻰ȴϺЦؿųֱɫҪγˮ
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֥ܽΪˣȴһСȻǼΪôپ졢ͨյˤһ࣬ȫް㹫Ӧе̬ҲǳȥǵҪȻʱôڹﲻţ
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Գ˽⣬ɲ䣬ʲôء
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ע⵽뷨ֱĳصôҲĳˣͲò˵㼸ˣСûǵҲûôҲҪ۾˲У۹ҲøһЩô˵ҲǹǧܲѰһǴǰɣ
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˵꣬ϴŸ߸ϵЦݣֳҡҡͷֱɫɿ֡
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82 

ܽһԼ侲
˵Щ޷Ǿ̼ͬʱҲΪ֪ЩܽŮ׽ô֣Ҳڻʲô̫صĺ
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һգۣͻỬ䡣
ӭųƵĿ⣬ܽûзŭطųЦЦǹˣѡҲΪʱ۹ⲻ̫߰ɡ
ϵЦһżҪΪǳŭʧˡ
һ֮⣬ĵһ䡰һǴ
ҪǳԼĥʥϺ̫Ҫֵõҿųأ
ЩҲûкڹԼѡ񣬵ѾôˣӶҲȷʵǶЩ׻û׿

Լ֪һǴɲ˵
ǣ˵⻰ģܽ
ų̼ܽʱж⣬ھжŭҪлдôǣԼԳΪ׵ļҵŮһֱǳҪ̲סܽ˺ˡ
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ֻҪһ뵽ģŭͲţʱһԶĳųйȥ
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ҵļλŮҲˡ
ΪܹƵģǳˣҲ͵ñ´ԭΣ
Ҳܵġ
ŭǳϼҲǲܽǰεģֻܿųż³ĽܽĻȥ
ֻޱȡ
һܿĲ䲻ͣһҲûκεĸı䡣
ΪޣԴˡ
ҲΪʱܽǼʵЦݣŻըˡ
ԼѰôһʲô¶ûеܽȴ޸˽˷޵ĹˣĻֺĸ󣬿ڽϣܽҲмӡ
ʱܽԸȻҪܽѹţȻʤڷⷽ棬ҲϲϽ֡
ܽϧʵҫ˵ֻгܲŭ
ܽҲܳǲҪһתأȻʮˣ֮ʹѵ£ǲͷˣϾսʥϷǡ辰һ֮֮⣬ҲΪĶŮǿѡԼҪĶˣҲǾߴ·Ҳʱͷĵ
⻰ܽ˵նġ
֪ǸǺˣҲͬߵý˵棬ָܽĴ
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ܽﵽûס΢΢һй䣬æֽ̧ȥȻȴ̲סקסܽӡ
һĸ׵Сޡ
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ĸŮһۣ濴żΪܰ
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Ҫ̼ܽĵǽĸŮĸŮТˣ
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83 

Լӵָܽܵ˴ǰܽʱָоѾʮ겻йˡ
ܽ
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ϲƿصĸоһԭҪ˵Щʲôģܽƺʲô޷ݵı飬ȴͻȻ뵽ʲôȤ£ԭߵĻ˻ȥҲת
ҲֻǳںģѣȻ˲⣬ҲԸúý̵ˣǾֻǱ˰ɡ֮ܽӡ
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ܽЦЦȻֱųϼ˾ͳ֥
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ҡ
ųЦһ£ǴЩ߸ϵͺڿһֻСһ㡣
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Ϊ֥ĶãҲΪܽĴȷʵûм
ǰġܽȻð˲ٵεģܽȻ˹Ҳ֪֮ǰʮŲ֪ʲô˴ԼЩˡѴΣȻҲЩϲ
ĵڶ죬ܽͷԸ˹һѣȻԸ˽ǰѶȥˣ۵´򣬲۵ľյ˿ⷿ
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ڣܽٵÿ֮ǰҲæŸûüãڼȻѾ֥󣬶Ҳ˿۵ĶȻҲͲֶˡ
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ȵܽ͸еͷһȴὫͷļϡ
Ҳдˣ⻹ǵһΣ¶
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ĸŮԵøܰ
һӣЩؿܽĸף֥λƹĴǰ飬˵ҪÿƷĲӵǸǰûйġ
ǰġܽġܽǸģƽʱû֥ȥ֬ˮ޳еҲû֥󻨵ôҲֻǰλƹ˵ˣ涼û¶
Ӧ˵֥λƹƽؾǸЩˣôЩҲû˭ܵõд
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˼λƹı֣ѾǼΪڣˡ
⡭
Ϊʲô
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84 ҵģ

ûκεܽҲûм롣
ЦЦΪǽ֥ﻨ˲Ӱɡ
룬ӦҲ
ܽΪ˸βųģ֥ΣȻźÿǼҲ֧ε鿴ӨǶԱʼãһʺϡ
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ټϺܽԼ˲ٶһҲûǧˡ
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ԭ֥ЩΣܽҲȷʵЩϲģڣ֪֥ǲ֪һεġԼĲҵֻ޲ýЩ˲źá
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ֻܹܵˣ֥ȷʵĲҵֻԼ֪ѣүԭһϲģӽϵȵѰܹɽ֥󡭡
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û뵽Ѿйһˣǻš
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85 ǰ

һӼȻлһʱ俴ӵĵȻظһεź
ڽĽ֮£̥ܽҲѾ쵽Ÿˡ
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ʥϲŹĹǳۿۣ˳һЩУС
ܽʥԵУ˵Ȼޱٹģս֮ǰܽ˺һһҲȥֻۣڸͺӡ
һ
ܽȰ˺һ㽫˸ͳš
գΪ֮ǰˣܽʧЦء
棬꽫Ǿһα񣬵ڽܽǰȴһϲˣĺӣÿÿ̲ܽסʧЦ
ʱ򡭡
ܽţһʵҲȻദʱ仹̣Ա˴˻˽⣬δкܶʱ䡣
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ܽǵãʱ񶨶ؿһȻһ仰δ˵ת뿪ˡ
뿪ʱ򣬻ŮӴˡ
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Ϊŭܽڽ뿪֮ûþͿʼ뵽˸ŵģһʼЩңĹ̶ȻȻ
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ǲԸյģʥ϶Ѿ˻ǲҲˡ
ԾܾФȴܾʥϡ

ʥ϶˵ֻʹѾߣȥʱҸʲôɽ˸Ҳˡ
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ܹ˵̲סΪԼҹү⣺ˣүǿûжĵģչү˷ȥʱδҵ֥ȡһ׼õĶ
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86 

ߵʱ뵽ܽȻΪŭǰĹ̻ô죬뿪һʱʱӾѾˡ
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ܹһܽɫãż֮ûգФΪһС´ŭʥϣλ֣һǴӾ֮һΪСС楣֮һûš
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87 

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88 

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ЩĹĸһ˸ֹ飬˵ǽһеϣϣֻ½ñӻҪҪ¶һϱϱ˭Ϊϲ
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89 

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90 

Ȼҹ߲ƵĵƹյϣϵЦݿһ㡣
ܽͷͷףˣҵС˯ˡ
ܽһЦ泯ܽܽһֻ첲˯ȥ
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ܽһƣܹ˯øʣֿһ˯գű۾
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ڶգʱЩԺûŪԼΪʲô
ܿ죬Լ͡Ժܽһ˯ġ
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91 ʵ

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92 ֪

ѹʱܽʵЩȻġ
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ʼʵʵҲûвʲôϾʱġܽ飬ÿֻڴϣ˵ֻΪǡܽ廹ûлָҲû̫ϣֻż뽪˵ϣܹ࿪ܽһЩ
ÿΣ¶˼ʱķӦǾЩԡ
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94 

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96 

ӳѩӳһֱܽܽ˵ǰǸ֣˲ɵöһۡ
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ͬĴʵܹܽ˸оӣӳѩӳͬܽˣܽҲûԼı仯ܹǵۡ
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뵽λַ˿ԼʱĹܽ΢΢һ
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ǡܽӳѩӳᰣĪΪĸ׿ΰڳԸɴף
ӳѩӳ᰺һû˵
ã֪ˣԼҷİԼǰ¸ˡ
˶һۣûö⣬ҪҪ˵
ܽǻʲôû˵ǵ˵ɡ
ӳѩӳһҧ
ˣַ֮Ի̬ȣţΪǰøִһš
ܽö˲̬ˣŵôġ
ôҲû뵽ԭԼȻ
δµĹŮҲͰˣ㣬Щ񣬵˶ҲǶ̸ۼ䣬ֻҪԼ⣬ʵҲǲʹġ
ܽһ
ѾӣǹŮˣվŽλ£Ȼһи֮ţ
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ʱῼܽҲЩȵġ
Ϊ֮Ľ飬ʱҲǼܽģҲ˶ѣЩܽЩʲô£Ҳʱţÿʱῶ̲סҡͷ
ļʱܽ˫٣ϻһѩ׵򣬿ʮ־ɰһ˫۾֮˸оĳ
Ȼֻܽ棬Ҳ㲻ʲô÷֪ɰСﳤ῵Ҳûϧġ
ܽһţڲͬʱĳֱһʱ˽Χ˸ˡ
εңԼʱľٶĻ
治ֳ֪ʲô
ʱǰġܽԼǷţֻΪǡܽľ˾תдԼ׵ţҲûͽŽ
ȴ룬Ž֮󣬡ܽȴǴߴš
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ֻһۣ῵ɫ
ʵϣȻţ֪ⲻʲôʵ£ѹûǿѹסԼŭ𣬳ܽòص˵ͷ׼뿪
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-

97 

飿
Ͽ֪ʲôˡ
ҲΪŸ῾𾪡
Ԫӣ뽪Ů˰
Ȼ˲ܲ˵ĵô˵ţһҪϸ˲֪ĸ飿
ֻΪԼĶǲǳ˴
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˽ּܽңõʱšܽһŵӳѩӳ᰽ܽˣǲٿ˵һ仰ȻٶȸܹܵŶܹܹˡ
Ҳῴüʱ¶ûֵ޷صĵز
֮ô
ܹܴŹĻԽܽ˻ȥͬʱд߽
˵ûʲôͼԼñȾɫ˷ŭˣԣʮܡܽʲô£ֻ֮֮ЩĽһδҲǱܽ˾ŭˣʹûиϻؾǣȴܽ㡣
ܽԼͦίֻ׷Լ氮ѣôҪأ
뷨ܽڼ仹˺üء
Ҳ֪ʵһС˲òɻΪΡܽ£ֱ׳أ
ܽˣֻЩΡ
˵֮ǰ֪ģġԼЩ£ֻЩѽ⣬ôڣԼô˵῵ţʲô׷氮֮ĻܽЩ޷ˡ
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һз֮һи֮Ϊ֮ǰġֱܽ׳
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ǿԣܽĺ޲ǰġԼ
˼ܽþеŽͷӿŵŭѹȥҲû̫֪£ǰ㴫˾֪ģ֪ܽԼҪ躸õĿˡ
ãûз
ܽҲֻõķȥˡ
Ȼ֪£ܽôǼǵãչͻ磬լŮȥкأƽ֮ܽӳѩӳ᰻Ժ
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ֻЩᣬҲûʲôܹ븮𻰵֪Щ˹ԼˣûҼʶĺźε
ڣлˡ
-

98 

ȻܽͻⲻͻǽͷȻҲͲ˺ʢ
Щȣլıϣȴľ´ĲᣣΣвˮģȲɹ̫͵ż΢촵ʮ⡣
ܽصԺʱ򣬱ŮѾ׷곤ľһ˵﷢£СһȺߴߴ죬ž˾ûá
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Ѿܽǰд˵;лʲô⣬ָδѾ˽ˣʱҲࡣ
ļҵС˲ˮҪޣļҵС㰮ĳֵģҪһЩļҵС㲻ˮŪѣҪȥԺѡ
ɵطԸѾߴŵһӾͳࡣ
ЩСǶûʲô
ٱϣЩǰ͵СǶû¶ʲôе
ֻܽһۣջĿ⡣
ֻҪûίͺá
ܽŸҷ˾ۼ֮˹ȥ
ϵһʱ䷢ܽЦųӭ˹ȥ
ɩˡܽЦ
ҡҡͷһˣǰк˶ѣСֺ
ң֮УҲûջġ
ЩܽҵĹϵǶ֪ġ
ܽҵĹϵβҵŮȴʵ
ΪϲүԶ»ƶ˼ݣСܽ׾뵽ǲǾ˱硣
ӡһγˣĨȥȴǼ׵ġ
£ϺֵĻ£ȻҲͱøļˡ
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ЩǰܽķǣŽܽҲʮǰܽġ
ˡ
ȷǱ˲ء
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Ҳˣûˣܽǲ֪
ңҲ躸ҡ
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ܹܿɲֻܹܣͬʱҲǽΪεˣƽܹ棬Щ͢ټҲǼΪġ
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ҡ
ܹȥҵķ˵ŵһżļŮġ
ڣѾʱˣҵȴһûš
ңǺ⣿
ҲܽŵʱһСѾ߽Ųæ˹ܽ˸񣬵ˣҷ˴żλˡ
Ѿ߻ػʱδѹܽʱѾķǲԶˣλȵķ仰
ң
λ֮ƲƲ졣
Ҫǵ˲֪ʲô裬ȻӶҵĹֻǶȺﶼҪҲأ⣿
˾Ȼһһλķ̲סһ
ᣬܻһЩ֪Ǳ򣬱Խǵλߵ˵Խ£˾Ȼŵ˵ڼǹףûB躸أѾƮ
λǣȻûп˵ǵ뷨˵λһġ
ܽѾߵͷ΢΢һ
ҵ˽⣬˲Ϊ֮ˣȻ躸B¶Ҳмˣҹȥ⼸ɴûΪ¶
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99 B

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ǵĿ֮УΪЩԣǸֵ޴СһȴַǴǰ֪ģȴȫһ

˱ˣСҲ˱仯
˶˼ĬĬ˼š
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Сŷ۵ģжɰˡ
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˵꣬B˵˵ͷ
λҹԣB
ʵϣ˵Ŀ⼸Bϡ
ĿţBԭؽ˺һ̧һżΪٶȺλҹһȥСǾۼĵط
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BĽŲԭȻֳأ˿˶ҪΪǲǱ˱ȥʲôԸȥĵطΧԽԽ٣ĽŲȴǱӵ
BλҵĹҲ˿
˴£һŰͼӣкѾ˲ˮģЦŵλҽﰲЩҲõıţĸ˵յͻ絹Ҳþڹأҿ˵ط£ȻϯʱҲһҪȥϯֻԼϲĵطԣѾǻϿ˵Ķ˵ġ
ҲܽİͬʱЩ֡

˵ĸ׾ΪչλδĴɩŻ˰ŵġ
ϾĹ۲죬ǽλδɩԵһţ˵᲻ὫԼŵιȥ
ţﲻɵЩζ
ˣμԼˣһڿǰʧ
-

100 

ҵλB˵ٴ˿
ллһֱδ˵Bͷ˵֡
Ӭ⣬Ƕ
ʱ֪ˣΪܽҪҵλƧĵطˣλδɩӣǸء
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BλأҲ˿ġ
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Bһ
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-

101 ֮

BȻ飬ЩзķȻҲ͸ˣƽʱżԼŮҲἰ䡣
ⲻǰ͵һλС㣬ʹԼĸŹBˣBԶԶشڱϣ̲סЦˡ
˵λСǸСģƽʱҲҳԶһЩŵûˣ޽ҪܹƼңҿֻԼۼ꣬ѹϱˣ
λСǹ»˵ĵմŮ֮Ի˵ôЩỰҲΪBܹӶס
δ׵ʱ򣬾в֪жٷ˴أ뵽˭ûܵóԸǽBôһĸժӣôܲգ
СʱûٴĸƵĻǼBĺˣֲʲôгǸˣɲͰﻰ˵˳
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Ƿڴǰ⻰Ҳȥڲͬˡ
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֪BδĳɩԼˣȻΪˣȻ˷Լδĳɩ
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⻰ֻûָСı˵Ƕˡ
ʹû˵С֮⣬˵ע֮£Сһʱֻһģֻ޲ڵϴȥźá
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Сһһ׵ġ
Ҳ֪ԼԭˣôҲ˼֣ȴѹû뷨ǽԼεľء
ĸСǣСִǰBģ֮ǲٱ¶ˡ
ϤС㣬ȴʮ־ȡ
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ǰǹΨһĹоֹȴ޴СĴ˾˼ֵ˵²жȣһԵõʮ㣬Ա仯ȻҲ൱ˡ
̶ʱ䣬Ϊξ˴ı仯
ˣǰ֪ģǶȫͬ
һʱ֮䣬ﶼɻ
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λϯܽһ롱ơ
СΪչBǲһ𣬵ǰķǶǼƼҷˣڹȻҪһЩܽҲûйЩķֱλѾ׼õϯλ
ѾϲˣһĹҲˡ
ܽ׼к˿ϯͼһѾ߼Ҵҵǰ
ˣСѾ˸
λԭҪ꣬βɷ׷׶ס
Σʲô·ˡ
ܽ΢΢šü£
СѾæˡ

ܽüͷšøˡ
볤йᣬһ˶֪ȻҲͲʲôεͻ磬ܽû
ΪľٶѾ׵ıֳ̬ˣԳǸ߰ӣΣҲǲܲġ
ȴ룬һΣܽȻˡ
ûܽ˵ʲôأͼųһڹŮ̫Ĵӵ֮ºƺƵ˹
ȻûƾⳤݣڶϵѾҲǲģɲóһ·ô
ܽ΢΢ۡ
ɲųΪ˸ɵģϴ֥ǱݺһٵģΪδĺܳһʱ䶼ٿˣȴŹ˼նѣǰ
-

102 ֮

Ҫ˵ûʲôĿģ֮ܽǲŵġ
ܽ
ܲӣʹǼܽԹЦݣ˵ͻ磬Ҳո֣ҲûҲֻˣ˲ɣ
ܽҲЦˣνǿͣǲ֮ҲǿͣȻˣҲǲһ˫ӵġ
ϵЦݽ˽
⻰˵ģ͸һˣΪֿڷһ

ԼĿģǽǹŭѹȥ
Ϸûأôأ
Ϊ˿ܽʲôɫ
ԣǱܽ㰵ȴǵȫȻûһ㣬ϴЦֱϯ
ֱܽӷ̳ķȴǲܣܿз˸λá
ܽȻóùŹ֣˵Ǵʲô⣬Ҳ֪Ȼˣضô׵ľߣҿĺ«ﵽʲôҩ
ڣԼĵ̣ķʲô£ҪҲȽףܽҲġ
λϯܽΪˣȻ
ϳܽϣΪ躸δĸҲУĳȻҲ
ɵǣþϵԱߡ
ˣܽ˽ⲻģڻʼңΪһЩݵλЩˣǸͲ࿴һ۵ġ
ֻǸƷˣǰճģ֮ȴԴ˷̵ü
ԣϵϵġ
ΪλʶϣܽãԼйصġ
˵Լ֮⣬ܽҲһԼˣԼҵȥϸϸһΪˡ
ܽŵʱ򣬳һϣˡ
λҷ˰ɣ˿ڴЦǧӵĻڶҲֻаĹˣȻҵŵڵЩҪ˵ĻǧӣҲǾˡ
ȻǶ˵ģ˵ȴǿܽġ
ܽһ䡣
ʮѾȫû˹˼ɣϴ֥̼Լ躸˵£
ܽã̫ˡ
ҪҲʱʱˡ
뵽ܽ˫΢С
ϴ֪ͩ˸ңܹܽܽĶﴫܹҲȷʵˣⶼˣԴȴǰ㲻֪顣
⵱ȻΪܹûоġ
˵ܽҲСʸľˡ
ܹȷʵ˲źۼĽ´ȥԭţ㳤֪£Ҳ뵽ܽͷҲЩ鷳ǡ
ֻû뵽»ûУȴȴ
ΪǸٰԵģǴŵңҲǾԲĿŵģֻ͵͵£˵ˣˣҲǱ˹ġ
ҲΪˣ֪Щµ˿˲ŻΪ֮𾪡
Ȼ󡭡
˷ӦѸ٣ȴþһеֶΣֻΪ˽ϢΨ±֪ˡ
ǸԵģȻΪЩҲ㲻ǽг֪ңֻ³˺Ķˡ
ʱȥǸ⡣
ҪǳˣһΪҶģ̫ʥҲԲܾˣұǿųģһֻͻᱻԭΡ
⣬˾Բ̵ġ
ҲΪˣ֪֮뾡˰취ĽϢͬʱֳȥѰһǸҸˡ
һҶѣΪôһͼ֮˾͵˳
ȻӦúúõģǻͷϴǸңҲ֪ǲǸѰ˳û飬ǸҲôֲᣬЩȴһֱģҿɶúõĴͩء
ӣĴңǲὫߵġ
ܽЦһ
ȻһٶԼмӰѻ𣬵Ҫ֮󣬳ûǸ¡
-

103 Ʒ

˳⻰λȻû˴Щ˵Ҳܿķġ
ϵɫЩѿ
ȻԶԼŮĶ̴˳ΪĸףҲûа취װµӡ
ĬBBҲֻǵСЩѣЩ˵κεķΪЩ˾ͲһЩأ
Ͻ򴽣һﲻ
ܽʱҲӺ䣬뼸º躸ҪȢˣҲҪĸˣﵹҲڴý
ƲƲ죬Ҳû˵ʲô
ķǣܽδĸ˵ˣﻹٶԣǱܽһ䡰̳ܲġǻ֪Ҫء
һٷε֮ˡ
ڣĳȷʵǳǳ޵ˣȻϲޣɫʽȴҲûá
ˣղЩת
ţܽλƼݺ
Ȿͻ磬ͻĿģȻҲ֪ģͷϷˣλҲžһ
ǶǼŮģǳΪŮѰʵ£Ȼһ¡
ܽͿλ˱㶼ܽĴ֮˺ȥ
ֹĲᣣʱʱĻ΢ҲԵȣСǰͱţСҲѡʱܽλ˹Ҳ׷ǰ
һʱ֮䣬ҲԵüΪ֡
ȵ˼ָܹܽңңӰĺһߣλˣҲ˲ٳɫɣںһߡ
ʵլԺģլԺԺǽϿһȱڣƽΪ˰ȫԺĺʵϸǿ͵ģиĻҹţľ˴Ӻլȥ
Ϊͻ磬ǽԺǱߵˡ
ʱϿȥþͿԿԺǱߵӰ
լﻹǰ͵ķˣԺдɶδɣô˾һûгѹţҲ˼֣ʹźլķСҲ洫Ц̸
дŮķˣʱͶע˼֡
ͻ磬ΪľǸŮķǣߣˣҲҪλлСүУֻмˣнһǣ
ڷǶ֪ܽΰŵġ
ܽЦͻ磬ŮվͻҲˣԺĿɶǺöɣ˶ʢúñȻһ£ⲻԺʹϢЩ˵һԣȵľǿ˭ܴ֮ժĻ
ڷһ
ȱȵǴ֮ժԺǱضҪժĹ֮УɲܽǼЩ˵ˣ
ţоòģǾͿԷĸ״̽̽ˡ
ֵܽǱԣȻҪֳʤҪƷ˵ѽЩɶǱȲСģҪʱԺժ˻͵լС˭ժĻͶһŻ㣬˭õĻ˭ͻʤλΪΣ
λͷ
˵ƷǻʵϣĻˣ
ʱ򣬼ŮģֻҪԼŮ˭֪ԼŮһˣǺʣԷĸ׺úˡ
£λҲԸԼŮһԼǵķġ
ܳŮŵвҲ̫Զġ
λʱǾã˿ǻ⡣
λˣǸСǣıԣҲǼɬڴġ
˷ԣܽžȥԺ֪ͨ
ʱ˱ţĶ棬깫ӷ׷׵ϹͱõС׼ժ
Щ֪Сڿŵģǰ֣ŶҲԼδӣȫΪ˵ǿʤ֮μӱԵÿһ˶Ħȭ
һʱ֮䣬ձҲ
ţһ£׼õСĲٿ֮ɵں֮
֮бҶ̵ģԶԶȥֻΪƽأһС֮һ㣬֮лһӣкЩСǰУһʼͽ˾Щҽ֮С
ʱһСѾ˺룬լĸСҲܿ崬ϵǵˣСһɬӰݣһȴֿƲסм
-

104 Ϸ

ҪڸСǰ¶һСŰ߲Զĵطת˺üȦָȥѰΪĺɻȥˡ
Ĺ֮УЩĸףҲû˽ԼĶӣǵĽܣ֮ˣȻҲͻڶ
ҲûöãϵǱ㶼ҵǾĺɻ»ص˶İߡ
ܽЦкȻֻժŵҲ˾ʮּңǲ֪ļҵܹεͷˡ
ķСԴǼΪڴġ
Ҳ˵ڴ֮Уǰ֮ժµĻ˽
ָܽѾẉ̂Щǰ֮бժĻˣλСǾĶ仨ֻ轫еĻӦ֮бˣõΪʤ
˵ŻܽŶ̵Ѿǵ˵ͷ
һѾųһУŴԼŵеĻλժı˳
ȻҪġ
ҲΨˣɬѵĸСǲ֪ԼҪ˭
ȵѾǶˣ͵˸Сʱˡ
ʱСǵǶɬĻյýģȴٳû˵һͶԼĻ㡣
״ЦЦȻҶǫţҿɾ͵ʲˡ
һ˵ţһ߽ŵ˷ժµĺɻ
ͷĸСǱҲ׷ѹеɬеĻŵһ֮С
֮Уλ˿ԼŮѡҲˡ
ȵ˶ѡܽ˿Щ̣˿Ҳ˽ˡ
˵ͬʱ˰֣Ѿ˸񣬱ֶˡ
ͷϷˣܽӨкŸСǣԼλȥѴõϷ̨
ܽԼϷǲԣ֪вٷƽϲϷǲ֪Ϸӿֵýιĵʢ̳ƽҪʢ࣬ٵǰԤͷ̫Ҳô뵽ʢࡣ
ȻˣϷҪģ˭һλǵȴѾˡ
˵׼ϷˣǸԶŮĻҲˡ
ȵλܽʹ˵Ϸλ˵Ϸ
֮ߵģϷӵȻһ͵ݵ˳
Ϸӿ˿⽫֮ϣϷҲûȤ˵ʢŵһϷͦģ͵Ϸɡ
ܽ΢΢šü
ʤϷ
ϷЩʲôϷܽȻģνĵʢŵϷɲС
ֵôһϷܽãʲô⡣

ˣʱҲš
ǣܽ˵ͷȻƳ磬ǵҪһʲôϷˡ
һ˫촽΢΢˳ǲ
ɲǺϷô
֮ԹΪľǿһϷ
ҪϷˣܽܲ¡
ܽǵϷ
ãǶġ
ǳϷֻ֮˭±ģ
ȵ˶Ϸܽ˽Ϸӳȥ
ʱϷ̨Ѿһ׼׵ˡ
ܿ죬ϷͿˡ
Ϸֵǲ֪ΪΣݡ
λ˿ʵЩѽ⡣
ϷһŹŮڸĸ֮¼޸˳һλΪ˽ĵĸӴ˱ţΧ˾ţνǷһʱ
Ҳ֪ΪΣ˾ζ벻ĺӣǲ㣬Ѿз֮ˣȴӽΪδ֮ʱ÷һ𣬸Ľʵñӡ
ķǿģܽ῵ķϣȴšüͷ
ܽ˳ķΪʲôˣԭأǹôһϷΪ˽ԼԼù
ϣ֮ԻΪ
Ůӻȫĸ֮ý֮ԲͬǣϵԼΰĸ׳棬ԸԳļ޸ӵġ
Ϊˣ϶ΰΪ⡣
֮ǰܽ῵ǴΣܽ뵽ָһҲ֪ģΪ´´üΪʱҲֻּ֪ܽСȴȫ֪顣
ϲûн·ϣֱǰżʱӳǶǵļ仰֮ЩԾ
ȻѾȥЩˣȴһֱδͻŻ
-

105 

ܽϷʱԺ躸д˵ܹͻȻһѹܹܵĶ˵˼仰ܹϲȻûü躸кһ·С˴Ŵ
ų˹Ĵţһ󼱴ٵǡõáǲ˵Ŀһ׾ٵľ֮źεȼȵ顣
һ·˹ſڣſŵĻԭҪ£ȴڿ˵ò֮ס¶֮ɫ
ͨڵĿڹǰͣ£ϵͣȶżһ㣬˾ѾƮƮأͬʱſڵĻ˹ȥ
ܹýһĻ۵ףֽС˵ĸǰ
үܹܻһ
ˣҲˣԵšһŲæߣܹæֺǺǵظϡ
ʱʵЩǱġ
Ϊ㣬һɫװΪһ·ߵôæδʱϴʱһѿЩ˵ģһ·ȻûϢã¿ԿԵӰ°ϻһȦɫĺӣҲ֪ǶûкúôԼˡ

ǱʱΪһʵǳ̫ˣȥЩתۡ

ʣ־˵Ľˡ
Ȼһ仰û˵ܹܸڽѾôˣȻ֪֪ʲôһ߼ӿŲڽһټصүѾˣʱˡ
Ҵҽʱܽ˵һ飬ֵܹ˰ͻ磬ҷԼŮ˺͸ҵķϷ
δ˵ĲȴԼӿࡣ
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˶žլܹܱǹܹܣҲլ֮߶οôĿˡ
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ˣǸøȥǹүԺɵüǺˣܹܵ
˿Ȼͷ
ͬʱǶãүҲȷʵʢ٣ƾŹүԺ벻ϵãҲϼѵİ
ܹܰѻ˵꣬̽̽ԴŽڿԶȥıӰ¶һɲЦ
˵˻ˣүһҲԶˣ
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ܹ롣
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ò˵ʢھǴټͷҲûеģϷݷǼΪˣղܵħϷֻһ룬ôܲķչأ
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ҿ㲻֪ܵĸˣ͸ñԼסȥûңһλ
Ļ˲ٷ˵ĸ͡
ķǶǾͷĹˣ²ʱʱعߣȴҲǼΪģ뿴ǵĶϱˣֻǽ֮˺˶ޣ
ҪǷ֮УסõĻᶼûУֱӾܳˣҿֱһ𲶾ȥֹܷҳ
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ĿǴɨȴ䵽ܽϣˣ֪ô
ܽŴЦЦз֮ȷʵãķҲġ
üһܾȵӣ˵ҲʵñЩˣΪ˻ϷеķأϾǰЩʱգԼҲ¡
Щһλ㿴ңҿ㣬ÿ˵ﶼ𾪣ǰߵۣҲ׷׸˻ȥ
Ǿ˵ͣƫƫԭΪ˰
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106 

ǵģ˶Ϊǹܽûų˵ģܽҲ˺ϷŮһ¡
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ܽˣûܽЩǽ˵˸͸Ҳû˸ҽôҲǳݵˣܽԶѡ
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ˣɲôͷΪ˸£ϧųûӰˣ
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ҪôףЩôһֱûĽܽô
ؿڶţıֻû׿еĹ̬λ˺úˡ
ҲΪݺݵܽģܹеĻܽѾǧٿˡ
ţܽգͦϴЦݣųҡҡͷ¹ر˵ڣҪ˵ſڿӡ
˵Ļܽﲢûκε
һ῵ŵǴǰġֲܽԼ£ܽȻǲϵġ
ô
ǰġܽ£Ҫܽеῴ÷ǳʱ㵱ʱڳҲıϵԶԶЩ˳ܿܽһŸΰʲô֪ҲֻƬġ
ˣҲܽΰԼʱŵӳѩӳᰣԼ˵ܹ֪ˣҪ֪Ƶ£ֻѾ龩ˡ
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֪ܽǣ˵šʱվ԰һǸˣᳶŴЦˣҲΪЦݣһ·ķ糾ͣƺ˲ȥ
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ǵȲ֪߳ܵ£ƫƫڻϵ˵Ȼ˾ЩϹҲһ
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ðǿƽϢеŭЦһҪ˲֪ǼĪΪĪΪ㲻ϣЩͿԵûˣ
ܽһ޹˵ʲô
ɴ಻ٿܽٿĻҲ֪Լ˵ʲôܽΪôһ֪ܵŮƻԼ߹󣬳òֵ
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һ
˿ٿ˿һ޹ܽãŶų΢΢ҡҡͷҲ˵ʲô
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ʵ̫󣬳ʱҲĹ̬ˣĿ˪絶ܽϵɨš
ˣǲѶϸʮָ⽫ִһŸִˣݼ¶ǣЩɲ㲻ϾͿԵûġ
ȻϣЦһַ˵Ҳ̣챻˸ˣȻװʲô¶ûӣִɪˣҲǼΪġ
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107 ˣ

ſڿӣڷǶ𾪵ؿܽٿϡ
Ҫǳ˵ģ¡
ڷǶ˿
ܽȻ˴ϰ㿴ԣַ˶ھǶϲģǳҲУ
ʱҲִˣ¹طҲֻи֪ɷʥϻһˡ
ɫѿ
ܽǰ㣬Ϊܽ£ȷʵôǵļ֣Ҳ˶ˣҲˣ²ûʲô
ͬҲֻ֪ЩټһЩԼĲ²⣬ŵóĽۡ
ֻҲû취óʲô֤ԣŻ⽫ݵ
ò˵Ϊ˸ܽ£Ҳ뾡˰취ˡ
ϣϵԼȿΰŵԣԸԳļ޸ῡ
ҲΪϽ῿üΪҪ
ڳȽԼĲ²⴫ϵĶУƾϽ῿øƵĵԣ֪ܽ뷨ϵһܲˡ
ȵҲμͻ磬Լֵ˵Ҵܽĳ£Ͼ㲻ֱӷѣҲ϶侮ʯһݲܽƱġ
뵽ܽûҲͰˣϣҲȫԤ
Ǹ
˶ѾſȥˣһԵģŮˣҲñ˷
ﰵһ
ŭҲûκεİ취ܲܰѵϵĲϣ˵Щɣ
ûԮ֪ЩҲֻ鲻ģԭõģҪ˵ҿܽƤ£Ҳֻܲݲˡ
޺޵ؿܽϣȴҲһˡ
ܽʱųЦЦϣ´Ҳ֪ģ˷ӵĹʵҲ㲻ʲôΣҲýǵ˽˶ԹǣɵϣҪΪЩӰ쵽ִַ˵ķ޸飬ˣ
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ܽ˵ЩûʵĻҲֻ˵Լˡ
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Ҳ뿴ܽˣϢ֮󣬻ʲôķӦ
-

108 

˵ʱܽҲǼΪŭġ
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Ȼǲм˵ѵģô˵ģ˵£пܾġ
ܲܽŭ
ܽܿͽŭѹ
һܽУ߶ûˣʮ䣬Ҳ֪ܽԭܽ£ѰˣܽʵҲ⡣
Ȼˣ⣬ӲǾһˡ

ܽϢˣų棬ôҲܽԼʵ¶ҪȻ˳ԸЦ
ŭ֮£ܽ˵ڵĻЩˡ
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ܽ˳ǳҵķôӶ֪£֪ģ
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֪֮Զڱ߽Ľߵ£ǿġ
Ȼˣ־ôҲû쵽߽ȥģ֮Ի֪ЩǴһմӱ߽õ˼ҵŮġ
߽ȻʱСĦϻƽģܱߵЩھϡĶͱƤëҩĵȡ
һ±߽࣬Ҳ˷ӵ
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߽ǿຮ֮أ׬֮ȻҲҪԶļ࣬ӻؼ磬򵽾ķ֮ӡ
ʶŮķҲеһԱ
Ůŷڱ߽˶꣬Ȼʶģǰŷؾ֮ǰͿһŮӽڱ߽լӡ
εĽԺãֻ֪£ŮӻܽլⱾѾܹ˵һЩˡ
Ҳĳһ¥Ȳ裬żȻŮ˵£ԲŻ⽫úѯһ
ȷŮǲƭԼģԼ֪ϢǼΪġ
ܽҲݣŴԣҪһܽûݣƾʲôԼأ
ܽɨسţȻޱҵģܴЦѡ
˵ܽİֲϣݸ߹ĹȴƫƫҪܽͷܽõϢΪ֮˷ܲѣҲ治֪ͼʲô
ţͼ˰ɡ
֪֮󣬳һֱŵ鷢ˣҪôԱ߿ϷأҲǵܽҪǰ֪£л׼Գž̯֮ǰװʲô֪
Ϊ̫ŭˣﻹܼǵ֮ǰ㣿
ھ뿴ܽԱӣھͲٿܽ⣡
֥󣬳ùǺ˲ѹ·ŭĳܽЦҲΪˡ
Ȼܽ糣ɲľֳ㣬һ㶼⣬ЦһҲֻǻԵɺϵ֪¶ѣǲЩ͵ʲôû˵ˣأǵһ䣬ȻѾˣ˻ǰôɣҪȻǣ˵ʲôʱ򣬾ٲܳһˡˡ
˵Щʱ򣬳ǼΪġ
ֻҪܽˣֻҪָͷͶ˻ʰܽˡ

ʱãԼҲͲٽܽǶ˰ɡ
ҲڳδóʱܽȴǴŭ
ܽʮͼ޽˽ңʱĽֻܽΪˣҲ̶̵ֻİ¶ѡ
Լ˵ݣܽȴǽܵüãҪԭӦӡ
ڣ˵ʲôԼԺһ˵ĻĪľͽܽŭ𳹵׵ĵȼˡ
-

109 أ

һŭͷѸٵĳͷܽһ˫۾ΪŻһ㡣
һ˫۾ţֻԼƤ϶ĳʹ
Ҳ֪ĸоǴôģ֮Ҳûʱˡ
ܽҲǷ˺ˡ
ȻùҲóù
ԣܽŴЦЦˣҲҪһˣܼλ߹Ĺʱһ£Ǹйű˵ļ£ʱúȥλЩʲôҵЩˣҲЩ۹ˣϵˣûһõģҲǲò
ס
ʼʱûܽ˵ʲôģȵӦһӦǲš
ЩڳǰǼΪ˳ģ˵;
ң˵Ǽ೤Լ벻ϸ΢֮ǰ뵽
ҲǱϸչʮ꣬ȻżҲΪûʲô¶źȴҲûҪ롣
ôһλź֮࣬Щ⡣
ܽԼбķǱϷ⣬ںլ֮УԼķǰЩһԼڣ
ҲǳܽǰԽеԴ֮һ
ڡ
ܽ˼ʲôԲԼ£²ˣҲ֪ģֻû˸֪Լ
Ȼš
ĵһ뷨ǣܽҪ̼ġ
ôϣҲ֪˵ĻûκεôϾֻҪȥһ֪ôˣ
ܽ˵ġ
ֻһ룬ɿʼࡣ
ȻܽڳǰһʱľôȴǷֺûбֳͬһЦˣ˵Ӳʲôôɱʱʲô׼Ҳûеľͱϳ˹
û˵꣬ͱͻȻֵһˡ
ĳ˵ļ£Ͳͳˡǿ˳ֱӴ˳Ļ
ԭڳ˵Ůӳ뽪ڱ߽լʱ׼ġ
ĳ̬ʱȴԳһ¡
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û뵽ܽıȴν볤˵ʱԴ˵㣬ƺûķӦˣ
⣬ýЩˡ
ϱ¶ǰĸλã
Ϊ˲ԼȥŻʱýû˵Ļ˻ȥ
ڳ˶ɵŤͷ
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ķɣһķ糾Ͷûа취ڸǣһ֣ڳķֻܿһˣˣ˲ͱùѵ
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ɳڵȴѾܽķˡ
ˣ˶ɵöܽһۡ
ǰ˵Ķѽǣ쿴ﻹˣ
ûë
˵Ŀڽã¿ܽ
ǻûǣǰ˵Ѿˣ˵׼أ
ڽѾˣǲ֪֮ᷢʲôء
˶û뵽ܽķӦ𱬡
ŽϤݣܽƬ̵Ļ㱡
һμԸգ֮ԭΪֻ˯һʱѾʮꡣ
ܽܿʹĻѹ
ʮ䣬Ϊӳ˶ٿͷ躸ܽ;һѹƲסŭѸӿͷ
񣡡ܽŭ
Ϊеķŭ̫ܽ󣬶Żм֮⣬˵ĶУһˡ
ڷ˶ɵԲۡ
ܽʱȴǿӳѩӣҵıأ
ӳѩһ£Ȼ󶼿ˡ
ͻ磬ôķԼǵĶŮͣܽæòɿӳѩӳΪܽѾߣȻҲҪ
£ӳѩȻܽܽıӴˡ
˵ˡ
ѱӴˣǰΣҲĽӸܽ
ԼҷҪŹүȥģҪǽӸʱ򽫹үˣҪô죿
Щӳѩͷѹˣķ
-

110 

Լҷ˵ģ֪˱ӿ϶Ҫүкģ˵ûϣϣӳѩҲøԼҷ˰
ӳѩΪûбӣ¶ҲˣܽȴԶһһٵصȥҵıӣ
ǲɵġ
ܽӳѩҲȴֲһʱ֮伫ΪΪѣĿҲܽ뽪ƣ䵽˽ϡ
ܽŭ
ֻӳѩ˾٣ܿóﵽ˭ӡ
뵽ԼߵĴѾ߶ŽģܽԽЩԹ֣ʱһ˫۾Щ
񶨶ؿܽһſӳѩ˵ʲôû𣿡
ӳѩһ١
ȻٲҵˣһСŻ͡Ժȥñӡ
һʣµ˾;Щˡ
ԭڷǱܽ˹Ϸģڽôһܽ뽪֮ϷȻû취ȥˣ㿴ҿģֻܳĬˡ
һʱ֮䣬һȺ˵Ƕֻܵӳѩȥñӡ
ڣӳѩÿ죬Ǻܿͽεմˡ
ˣıӡӳѩص
ϴδȥǰѻıӡ
ܽӹӣ°˿ֱָ񣺡㻹
ʮγģܽŭǣ־һӳŽ˹ȥ
ڷ˲ɵþһ
ǶãԶδҲ̫Щǰڳǰװµӣû뵽һȻֱӶˡ
⻹ֻ˵ôһ䣬ѾˣҪ˵µõȷϣ֪˻ôأ
ڷ˿ˣΪʲôô߱˵ˣѾҲûһ
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ڷ˶Ϊࡣ
ܽɲ֪ЩǶʲôֻʣ˽һˣǻıڿлһĻȣһһֱֱس
ˣܽΪһ㿪
Ͼ񲻽һսɳʮľռΪڣܽǱʹúã֪ģ˵һмĲࡣ
ô˵ֻҪ㣬һܶ㿪
ǡ
˶û뵽ǣ۳ǱӶѾ鵽ǰˣȴһεʯͷһ˵ǶˣǶûжһ¡
ž
ӳϷһ
գҵΪҲһֵܽһسؿڣڸסĵطǿɨĲԼذһµֱϣȴۿɼٶѸٱúףһͳһϺѪۣΪɲ
ڷ̲סһ
ԭΪܽҲֻǹӶѣڿˣĸְ
һʱ֮䣬Ǿ̾ĳĪ֮С
ǶլˣȻ죬ҲǵٹڣǵھҲǸӷƷġ
鼱꣬ϵģҲ鲻ϣƽྴˣкĸֵģ
ο
⻹
ڷ˶֪Ӧθźˡ
벻ģȻĲܣʵһӡ
ʵʵ˽һӣܽͷŭ𲻽ûеõƽϢӵĸˡ
ʵʵİһޣܽԸ⡣
ǰܹܼ˵пԵģҲ뿴ӱܽȻһӦǲţʵϣҲϣпԵġ
Ͼǵӣӵףпԣжĵĸףʮ궼ԼĺӲܲˣ
ɽ񵹺ãȻǻˣȴһ仰˵ĬŰһӡ
ǲ˵
ԼҲģûʲôԣ
ܽԽԽûڷ˵ľβһӳŽ˹ȥ
ž
ž
޽֮󣬽ģŸҡ
һ·ӱ߽ϻģ·ûüʰϴžЩǱϵҲԵЩͰ͵ģӣ¶ƤϴϺѪۣǱڸǵĵطҲʼմЩǵѪɫۼҲǽ˼ɫϷװ˲ſûôԣĻǾЩСķ˻ιȥˡ
ʹܽޣʼͦεԭأһĬ־ǿʯͷ
ܽЦҪ֣ȴקס˸첲
ŭͷ׼˵ȴΪߵĺǳ˻ȥ
-

111 ţ

ĸסܽ֡
ΪһỽܽһĶʱ
еǣҲк£ΪŽЩܽ˲侲
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ܹܶܽƢҲ˽ģܽŽһᷢһͨȥ֪ͨ
ڣܽôҲЩ
ò˵ܹܵһлЧġ
ڲ࣬ܽȷʵ侲ҲԼͽ֮ƲٲһۣǿΪܽĳ˽Ѿ˵ĳԼڷǣոﻹЩҪдܣλ½⡭
ˡ
λ˾ô뿴Ҳֻܷ׷ǣǸԴ˶ŮҲˡ
ܽѹеŭһһߣȵϺBʱܽϵ˵ͷ˺ߣ´Ӹ˺ͼλ
ϵЦе㽩
ǰ£ҲǿģλˣҴģǼBСҪļ޽᲻ᰤӰ
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һ뿪֮󣬾ֻʣϺˡ
Ͽ˿һֱԱߣʹһ仰Ҳ˵ֻǶؿܽͺ궼ûһĽٿ˿һǲϿһ۵ܽ죬ȴʲôҲû˵ֱֻܽġ
СһӣǺ¶ĥ
ˣûˡ
ܹһֱڶϣ״æԸ˲֪ѾСȥʰĶȻԼҲˡ
Χһ¾Ϳˣֻܽ躸ԸվԶĵطվǸԶһĵط
լ﷢ʲô躸ԸڶЩأǰԺĸүŸժĻ˶ٻأܹܾ˴˻Ϳֱͣ˶ˣ躸ԸЩͷԡ
ĸף⡭ôˣԸһŵ
ֿܽѪ۵Ľ񣬲֪Ƿʲô
˵Ը׵ݣǲ˸Ҹֵģһ˾ǶҲ򲻹ѽڡ
Žϵı޺ۣԸü΢΢һ
ӡ
ɣ
ԸԽԽ
ƽʱʣܽȻĽ𣬵ܽȴǳӵҲһˣȻԺϢɣҲԺðɣùˡ
ԸȻʣҲܽǲģǵ˵ͷ躸뿪ˡ
Щĵؿܽ
ܽصİɣûµģһţĸ׸׼óԵġ
Ȼģǵ˵ͷ
á
ǰĸףӦǲԿġ
ȵ˶ˣܽҲһۣһ䣬˦죬Ȼתߡ
ãҪú侲һ¡
ҪȻһŽ̲סñӳȥ
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ֻԼù㶼ûҪܹӣ
ŭ֮£ܽԽԽ죬һͻص͡Ժ
ܽתߵص͡ԺûûҲûб⣬ʲôûУԭΪѾ뿪ˣ뵽ٽԺʱ۽ǵȴ˾ȻϢľ͸ŽԺӣ
ܽ˲ŭͷ
̤Ժӵһ˲䣬ſԺŵһţ
ǺģʱҲܽƢԣʱ䲻ܽʲôҲû룬ʶİܽĻˡ
ţ
һǳɡ
Ӷ̫䣬ں׼ԺӵĽһʱ죬һͱ˱ӡ
ᳶ˳ЦȴֲСĳ˿ϣġ˻һ
սɳ꣬˵΢ıˣصҲûܹĵλҲȷʵƴġ
Ŵܵˣûк߹һȴֻΪܽӣΪʹҪǱ߽µЩǼˣһᾪӶ
ǰϵýŰ壬񲻽ûһյžͿʼŵģʱȫ
һŰ
-

112 

ؾˣ
ڱ߽ˣ
Ϊ֣ӣ
Ϣǳ˳һɿľʹǡ
ʱô˿أЩǵʱЩţع֮ľͽԼ˵׽֮
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ǵİǣ̸ֶʡ
Ȼ˵Щ˵ĻҲ٣Ҳûһһ
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˵ӳȥ˲ˡ
ЩϢʱһ߶˵׺ȫµʶһߣȴֲͬ
ѹô߶ûгֹʲôŮˣԭ룬˲Ⱑ
вټк޵İգԾͬ
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ܽԭΪŽ϶һҹ˯žҲ֪ǲΪ֮ǰӺôйһЩŭΪʲôһȴĵõ˰ߡ
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Žʵ̫ŭˣܽŶûãȴǾЩˡ
׼ӳѩӳ᰽ϴӳѩˡ
ŵЩɡ
ֲܽɵӳѩȥñʱӳѩĳɣԼĿˡ
򴽣ܽ
һϸĽŲӳѩܿͳܽĸǰȴûиŽ̵СѾǡ
ӳѩܽߣˣүһֱԺ棬ڿţЩá
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ڣܽȻŭһ£Եܹܹܰߡ
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ʵܽҲŽ˵ĵģҲΪˣ֪ʮ꽪ûйܹӣŻŭ
ֻʱӽ˵ʲôĿԶѡ
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ĸû¡ܽЦŶȻ躸ԸҲ˰ɣŰɡ
ܽȻͷϣҲû˷Ը׼ţԸԵóԵģͽԭЩ뷨׵һȥרζ
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躸Ķۡ
ǵĸǼΪƱģһ㣬ȥʮ躸ۼ֤˵ģʱֱܽ飬躸ΪһεƱѣû̫ϡ
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ҪǣǰļΣ׿ɴûϻ
躸еز֮
躸Ҳֻʮ꣬Դĸ׾ѾģˣԾô²⣬Ҳܲµ࣬ҲֻܾЩѡ
һźܿˡ
￴ģܽŽ޵龰ϵѪۣ̲סЩǣĸףס°ɣ
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ҪܽҲͲô׽ˡ
ܽ΢΢һ٣ģµġ
ܽһ˵Ҳķ
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ǸɵѾͷĸ˵û¾û
ԸҲû˵ʲô
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ĸ븸ףҲûʲôһġ
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113 

ܽһֱ˸Ĺ£һ´׵ˣŵȵܹܡ
˽ܹܽһۣҾ֪
ܹڨڨһЦȻϽˣѾԺүúˣүЩСˣе㷢ȣѾҩԹҩˡ
ֻЩС𣬻õŷҩܽü
ܹڨڨ˵
ɴܣ갡үﵱȻܲܣҲùүһ˹شԺɣ
λм䣬ֻܹԼడ
ܹܽһۣˣҹȥ߰ɡ
ܹԴϲ롣
һ·ȥԺ
ܹܱ߱ߵˣ½һ罫үԺʱ򣬹үţ˵ʲôϸߣ˵һҪ÷С
ܽ⻰Ź֡
ˣܽʹķޣû취ŪЩʲôƫƫƽﻰֲ࣬ʲôǸǾĺ«һʲô˵ֻܽԼȥġ
Žӣôܻܹ˵Щ
󲻹ܹΪ˰Ž˵İˡ
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ԴǰĻ֮гܽҲЩɻ
ԺҲкЩͷõÿɶ鷿ҪãܹĹˣĵǽŵ鷿ˣ
ܹҲЩΣˣɲ֪үжԭ뽫үȥͷģүִⲻϣһҪ鷿ûа취Ҳֻɵùүȥˡ
鷿ﵹһ齿ɹʱϢǰխֲһҲˣҪϢԽֻŶ첻
ңʮٻع˲鷿ȻҲ˴ɨȴʲôҲûã˯ȥʲôζ֪ˡ
ܹҲΰ
ܽÿɷ
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˵꣬ܽ˸񣬾İͰ͵ȥԺſˡ
ܽһ㱡
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񿴱飬μǻ߻Ӵʱ䣬ʹò˵һ仰ҲģǸʱܽ鷿ǿܰġ
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ÿһΣԺſŵġ
ԣܹܴ˾٣ǽֵܽĸо

ȥϾѾΪȥǿһܶ飬ѾĿȫˡ
ܽһ鷿
Ȼ鷿ǻķʮ꣬ԿóܹϵúܾģɸɾģϵҲڷŵҲôƣԼǸһʱҪóɹġ
ƹǸܣܺһССĿռ䣬ǰڷŰĵطˡ
ǰ齻ܽϥǸߣǰΪܽʱ鷿żҲڰϢһ԰ۺʱӱűӵȣʮ鷿ûãϿյȻʲôûеġ
Լһڰϡ
ۣѾ˯ˣϵѾˣһһѣҲٿ˿İ߰ѪˣЩط˺۾ϹҩˣҲϺһƬŸЩˡ
ܽʱǺ޳֣˵þ˳̵޵ģ־ȲϽ񣬵ޣ㽪ӣҲжܾˡ
һĸߴԼһţϻˣž˾еġ
ܽȴһ
ˣʱˣȻˣ۶
̧ȣܽԭһŵģϵı޺ۣĽŵ׻Ƕ˶٣ֻýżڽ˿մСߣܽҪװҾˡ
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ˡɤӻ
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114 

ԵͳȴּΪأֻͻ˼Ϊɿ
ǰܽý񲻹ΪΪףһܿɿˡ
ҲΪˣ֮ԼѾȫı䣬ΪɿǸ˾ȻԼĺӶܲʱŻķŭ
ЩܽĿ絶
˵пԣھ˵˵ɣʲôԣܽ
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ϵ˿źˣ˵ȷʵ㲻ʲôЩȣǾ͸㲻ʲôˡ
Ҫȥ֣֮ܽܽ£׻˻ȥ
ˣ֪Щûйӡ
񿪿ڣ˵֮¡
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ʱȻòԣŬ˵ԼΪ̥ܽԪŻϵĸı䡣
ӡܽϷԽԽĹ֮ٲ˵Լˡ
һ˵Ȼһɲģô䣬ҲԼķͺʱǰ䵭Լĸ׶ϵãҲƽʱһЩ۵Сϰ߶ı䡣
̽ȷϣӣ֪ΪʲôǱһˣ
ĽۣʱҲǲԸŵġ
Ըţһǰȫһġܽջǲòʵ
ʱĽܺڡ
ţǲΪܽǰŻ£Խ룬ԽʹԼʹԼʱΪûкúܽͣתߣֻ˶úܽġ
ôĺʹޣȶʵȴκεĸı䡣
ڳĬ˼֮ȴȥѰ˴µĻ۾ʦ
۾ʦǾĵõɮǴµǰ֣Ҳڵֵʦ壬𷨾ǵʥ̫ʱ޵ġ
ж´µһλ֮󣬻۾ʦͰᵽ˴µĺɽз𷨣ٲ׼ˣܹѰ۾ʦΪϽ۾ʦõԵʡ
ʱĽţȻ֪ħռܽӣֻҪħˣܻܽ
Ǳ̬ȥѰĻ۾ʦ
۾ʦҲûƴǣŽһȥ˽
۾ʦô˵̲ܽסʡ
۾ʦҲ˵ġ
ݴһƺηˮǻ۾ʦǰֲ̽˵빬ʥϣǲϧԼʥĻӶǰ˰š
ٺѹȻ۾ʦ˵٣ҪʥǰƺεİնǨȥĴˮ֪Ҫˣ֮ǼпߣγϯĴѡ
ֻһΣ۾ʦͲ֪˶˵
ҲΪ£۾ʦ仹ˡɮĳƺš
֮۾ʦͨЩ֮Աġ
۾ʦڿ֮ܽȴһ񲢲ܵĴ𰸡
۾ʦ˵ǻ֢֮пʱĻǼΪȣԲŻᱻĻ֣ҪԼĻǹҲǲܣȴҪȴÿֻһΣÿһεҲһֱеģǹʮ궼δתǣĻпܾҲˡ
ĽȻǽҪġ
ʱĽ뾡˰취ҲûܽҲֻŻ۾ʦˡ
Ϊ£ҾͻţܽЩɬص
Ž˵ģ֮ǰ˽⵽һУһѾʮġԼÿͻ˸Ƶġ
ȵȡ
Щڸ˵ģġ


ֳܽ︡;ԼǶģϾһѾʮѾˡ
Ȼ¶ˣ˵ЩΪʲôܷأ
뵽歶Խ˵Ļܿͽˡ
ҲֻܽΪʲôȱʧʮ꣬ܽͽЩΪλӲܲˡ
ܽģҲһѡ
˵Щģ躸أⲻ㲻ǵɣ˵ܽﶼ˼ֺ⡣
֪ʮм޼ңеûûҲûʲô
뵱躸һ˴ںԸôûиܵԵ۰ܽ;ۡ
ĬһŴЩɬٴοڣû躸ãԹģûа취
-

115 ¼ҹ

֪ܽѾ֮ܽ󣬽һʱͶһ˰š
Ż۾ʦ˵ܽĻڽģȻҲֻڽҵԡܽһڽģʱϽҲ㽫ܽڽҲʲôӡ
ӡ
ڼ˼֮󣬾躸һȥ߽
ʱı߽ƽȷʵ˽ļ壬ҲֻǴˣǴˣ߽ʱʱľͻս·Ϊ˧ȻҪ߽ģܾھǡ
һӶߣҲΨһİ취ˡ
˵ھǡ
ȴǲĵġ
ϽȻѸߣǸֻܽ¾Ҫȥľоտӣ
ѾӿţүֻҲ㡣
򡭡
游Լ׵ģӦýǴߣǵĸײ֪ʲôʱܻܲܽû˸ס
ͬʱʱӵߣֻҪпգӾܼ档
ģҲġ
¶ź֮󣬽ʹ뾩ϸˡ
ýû뵽ǣų˾ǵĵؽ磬ӾȻһ˸գν˶ٵĴһֱάָղˡ
ΣȻǲġ
ҲΪһ̲סֹǲײаˡ
ǷƽʱԼӵĻֻ»̲סһ߹ȥʱǸֹȴǸ뵽˻۾ʦ
ǣ뾩ų˾ǵĵؽ磬ֵͷȥˡ
ʱĽ׿һУϾʥ׷󽫾ֱ߽սµ˧лطľٶɡ
˵࣬ڵʱ£Ҫٲ취Ӿ㱣סҲճɵӡ
ܽˣҪӶų£񶼲֪Լʲô
ڣҲ֪ǲүڻصǵĵؽ֮Ȼûգȴ֮ǰҪࡣ
ԷĽ񲻸κεĵ飬ʹȥ˴һ۾ʦ
۾ʦãŸ˽һ𰸡
֮ܽźһ棬ܹܽڣһ棬ܽҲܹȳıҪأҲ˵ܽӣ˭Ҳ뿪˭
񵱼˻˽ܽȻ۾ʦ˵ܽӼͬʱ˸գּͬʱõ˺ת
֮󣬽Ŵ»ص˽ӵձȫˣͬʱܽҲָ
ý񲻵òŻ۾ʦжϡ
ҲΪ֮£ֻܽӷڽ
ΪףȻȫģԽԼܹ뵽Ķŵˣܹڽʱʱţ˽Ͻտţָ˽չӵѾСˣһί
ǡ
ʱĽû뵽ǣеһжŵˣ֤ڽҲ˸ίӣǣܹӴ˺ģǽˣӵĸס
ܹȻʵִŽ߾ܵչ躸ãУƽʱáܽլ룬뻤躸ãҲб޳Īʱ
һ㣬Ҳ躸óĬ֮󣬲ġ
ˣҲûа취
ܽ뿪ǣӲ뿪ֳܽڱ߽㸮﷢ʲô£յżӼظҲҪʮµĲܸϵ
ο߽ս²Խһ˵־Ϊתƣûôʱؾǡ
ΪˣҲֻܹܶøһЩٱԴÿһεںʱֻ֪ս½ʱؾһΣս²ôʱջؾǡ
һ߰ꡣ
ȵ߽սЪԳʱŷ֣ѾҪ׵ˡ
ʶһ㣬Ļʹﶼݵġ
֪ԼкʱҪܽһǵĺӳ󣬽̵ˣǳˣӣʵȴǣûӣҲΪ⼸ķֱñİ˻硣
ʱĽֻԼȻмңȴһ¼ҹˡ
ʮԽԽ񽥽ıٲһؾˣÿȥһΣζʮ֮Խһ㡣
-

116 

ûޣﻹиϣȵӹһһԻصĺ֡
ʮ֮ڵˣûܵȵˣʱֵΣ
Щܽ۾գһ£ͺҪܽģӡĵһ
ţܽĪľЩڡ
Ȼʮȥˣ˵ķʽûκεĸı䣬ǹϵӵ£ƽ˵ŹȥʮһУҪܹܽ۾￴ı仯ֻ»ΪЩһ㶼Ҫ
ȻϤǸ
ܽܿͽǵ㲻׵һߣӽ˵Щǵ㲻ھ̫΢ˡ
˵ģôһеףȻνĻ֢֮
ǡ
ʱԽԹޣվס
Ͼ˵Ϊ棬һеķֻ˵Ūˣʵڹֲ˭
ֻһ޹ܺߡ
ûӣҲ޷ӦԼĺӣʮǹһˣʵǿڱ߽Ѱһ֪֪ȵŮˣӡ
ûС
ܽԹ
ܽԼʱҲ֪ӦԽԺε̬ˡ
ܽȻôŽĻνĻֻ֢֮ǽڲأ
ʵ鵽ΣԻȥ顣ӲĶһ仰תҪ뿪鷿
ˡ
һỽ
ܽŲһ١
ûлͷֻ
ܻҺܸˡ
ѹúܵͣҲǽƽʱ˵ķ̲ܽסɣǲ仰ߣֻڶԽǵڴԲĳֻþ
Ȼܽ͵ؾʹŭ
ŭ֮£ܽʳһ⣺˵Ķģ躸ԸʵȫһУֻҪ¸˽Ǹܽϼӿл˺ӣ
Ϊʲôû
仰ܽȴûʳڡ
Ѿ㹻ˡ
ԭص˺һȴʼûеȵԽĻش
ֻһƬĬ
ԣ
ܽһ䣬뿪Ҳͣ
ܿԺſڣͼܹվԺ棬ĿԺš
Ϊеķŭʧܽԭǲ˵ģܹ⸱ģ̲סһ䣺ΪܹܣȴŴʹӵ£ܹ̫ܲС𣿡
ܹЩܽôͳˣǼΪ񣬵Ϊ˺͹үЧͣӦġ
ܽߡһǰ
оһϣ˵ױȵ츳һЩϣȴ˵ǼΪľګġ
һˣǰÿƣ
ǣ
ܽȻǲŵġ
Ȼǽģô˭ģҲԲˡ
֪ܹܻܽЦֱܽ߳üˣˣүûλСӣֻ£үʵڷЩүÿ࣡
ܽŲ΢΢һ١
ڶܹ˵Щÿࡣ
һʱֻܽΪܹ˷潪ѣһΡ
ӽЩܽҲǰζӳ¡
˵Ķģȷʵÿࡣ
ܿ죬ܽͽĲѹȥ
㽪˵ĶģֻҪܽɻòǸͲܽÿ
񲻿˵ǡ
ܹ֪
ܽ룬̲סתʵϣ躸ãȫԲóЩģȻ˲ԾֻҪ¸ϼӿлӴ躸ǣôᷢ£
ܽ⣬ܹ죬Ҫ˵ʲô׻һû˵
Ȼ֪֪Ϊʲôȴ˵
ܽЩʧ
ܿ죬ЩʧĬŻͷҪ뿪
ܹ̲סˣŹүүпԵġ
ԣ
ܽЦһ
пԣѾῪˡ
뵽̲ܽסŭ
ʲôĿԣ˵˵
Ȼ˵ǾһӶҪ˵ɣ
*
ܽһ·͡Ժ
ʹѾԼҪΪ쵰ʲôϵĲˣص͡ԺǾһӵŭ
ҲǿܽԺһЩ
ĸףܽЦ
ЦһȪһ㣬˲ͽܽǵˡ
û£㽪Ǹ쵰ӣиҪҪôΪ˽˷Լأ
-

117 

ܹˣ躸ԸȴûаĽչҪ취躸ԸҲǴǰһУ
һ룬ܽ׵һߡ
¶һЦݣܽô磬Ƕ𣿡
ҡҡͷûֻĸס
Ůôġ
ܽеĲ˲䱻׿ֻʣϲ̡
£ӳѩӳԵĵģԵÿģܽҲЦеؿ
һģӲ죬Щֹؿܽ
ܽЩȣʲô𣿲ʲô£Ժĸ˵ġ
ܽһ˵ԥ˴ŵĵĿ⿴ܽĸףǲ𣿡
ܽһ
ȷϣȻص͡Ժʱлзŭڿһ˲䣬ѾеĲ춼ѹĵףûбֳ
ôηĵأ
Ϊλʣܽü۱
ͷҾĸ׺ܲġ
˵Żֻ֣ʳָܽ۽ǣĸײĵʱ򣬾Цﶼûлȵġ
˵ͻȻĸ׿ңĸˡ
һõİߵСӡ
ܽʧЦȻͷԼĶͷĶͷϵ˵֣ĸŮ֮׽Զ׼ġ
ĸˣȻûжãȴѾõ
⣬ܽû治ûĸǰȷʵЩˣĸҲ͸ˡ
ЦЦֻ۾ҿĸҲˡ
ɵģ̲ܽסḧ˸
ǡĸΪ׶𣿡
ܽ΢΢һ٣οģ
Щ⣬ᡰߡһĸԭǸ˵ģһͲˣ븸׶˱ӣ⻹𣿡
ܽʧЦ
ȷʵ׾˿ˡ
ļģǡϲ㸸𣿡
Ž˵ЩؾĴʮָͷù֮ദ͸ٵÿˣܽʵҲ֪ӵǵĸ׵һʲôˡ
Ͼܶں˵ףռһΪҪķġ
ܽͻСµʱҲǻڴԶһЦģֱˣ֪ԶǸʲôˣϣûڴ
Լˣ͸˵ˡ
ֻҪ뵽Ҳйڴʱȴÿÿֻܵõʧܽ;ۡ
ûܹѡԼĸףܽܣ躸ԸҲС
ܽʣһû˵գ۾˼һһ㡣
˺һܽע֮£żΪǿص˵ͷܿҡҡͷ
Ǻ⣿
ûܽ׷ʣ͵ĸףҡЩ¸ס
£
ܽɫ
һʮҲûĸףȻ£ǽʲô
Ȼ룬ܽǿѹԼʵΪλ㸸ף
룬ܹ˵Ҫر߽ʱǵߣҺ͸ǴСͺټףǸ׻ˣҺ͸ǴҲЦʱʱڲһ
磬ҽӽ
ԣܽϲϲ׵⣬Żȵͷҡͷ
֪ĸףڼףʵҲǺڴģһ棬Ϊɫ֮еȱʧټϽӣҲǼЦݣ̲סģԼ¡
ĸǲǲϲԼԲһֱڱ߹ز
£Լĵġ
֪Ըʲôĸ飬ȷʵְ־ġ
˵꣬ܽǷ
Ϊǰأ
ãȻ׵Ĳְôڴӡ
ͬʱܽҲΪԼ׵ְ־ĸɬ
иĸкӡ
ĸӣͶԼĸĸʧأ
Զĸףܽʱ̲סڴȻҲ⣬οȻʮûӵߣʵԶֻһζĹŻƵأԼĶŮûκεĹ밮
ײְ֮⣬ˣǷھκһӵֻ¶ǸصĴӢۡ
ԣӵĸ飬Ҳġ
-

118 

ܽЩᡣ
ȻǸ쵰Ҳ֪˶ڡԼĴûн롰Լ֮⣬ӵ֮ȱʧҲԹ
Ͼ
һףҲǱ߹˧
һۣкܹػİ
󣬲ֻоͨգҲĺӣػģҲֻǾѣҲĺǵİ
ûĸ׹İ£ӻƽ󣬻˵бĵλЩʵڽػ
Щܽʵ
ֻǲͻΪνиõİ취ȴûȥ
вͻܽҲܸԼ躸ԸһЩڽ񲻺õۡ
ϾֻҪԶĸףڴԼĸףֺδ֮أ
ܽЩʱȴͷʳָһ뿪ظ˺һЩΪѵؿڡ
ĸסң롭
ʲôܽ⡣
ڹһ㣬˺һӣǽ˵˳ң롭ȥס
˵꣬Ψܽһ㣬ͷȴĵ̧ۿܽ
ƺֻҪܽɫһ䣬ҪĿһ㡣
ܽһ漴Цˣḧķ˿ȥ㸸ףҲӦõģѲΪĸ׻˶𣿡
Щȵ̧ͷѵĸײ
˵УҲΪˣܸܵʱĸ磬ҪҲ̶ܶʱ֮ھ˹ȥЩĲ죬ܽ׽ˡ
ܹоĸ׾׵Ϊȥףĸȴأ
̲ܽסʧЦǸɵѾͷ
û˵ѣô񵱳֮ԻھǣǰǴߣҲǲѶΪ֮㲻ʲô
һȻܽûн⿪ǸԾôֹ뽪Ӵأ
⣬ǵס
Ҳ
ûΪֻû㹻á
ԼҪ̫
ܽҲûд𰸡
㸸ˣ뿴㸸ףҲӦõģĸô
ŷĵǡ
ʵ͡ԺŵʱҪܽµģʱĵģûе躸Ը˵ѡһĹܽ˵
ȻĸûвˣǾ͸ˣ
ܽɵ뵽᲻ᣬ躸ԸҲһ뷨أ
ʵȥ磬ҪҪһȥҪҲҪһǾһɡ

룬Щȷ
ǵ˵ͷõģĸףȥͶʱҲ쵽ˣýһš
ܽЦŵ˵ͷ
ܽ˱ȥ躸Ը
뿪󣬹ãܽ̾һ
ڽ֮ǰҲֻҪˣһҪݺݳޣ˲ͷ֮ޡ
Ҳȷʵˡ
ֻǡ
ûн˺ޣеɻ󷴶ˡ
ܹ˵пԵġ
ΪܹܵĻҲпΪӽ˽⵽Щܽʵʹĵ׵ţ񲢲һ޵ˣʱʵһġ
ô͵пԣʲôĿԣ˵˵أ
뵽͸ǽİһһֶ£ܽһ
ˣջΰɡ
µΣ˵ǲģҪԼȥˣŻŵġ
*
ûþ躸Ըһˡ
躸һƽƽĮı飬ԸЩڣʱʱľ󿴿ҿǲôܽߣҲֻǴЦˡ
ĸףͶȻҲһȥס˵ص
ܽ˵ͷ
ĸҲûж˵ʲôžѾˡ
ţܽӰ˰֣Ǹ׾Ժ鷿ܹ￴أԼȥɡ
˵꣬ȴʲô
ܽЩȣ̧ۿȥƵ˫۾ʱ
ͺ񡭡
ڵȴʲôһ㡣
ţܽ⡣
ʱڨڨЦһ£ĸףǰǸ˵𣿡
ܽˡ
˵ʲô
˺һı飬ܽǻ
˼ǣ½ԲԼȥ
ǡ
ܽĿ躸Ըɨⲻǻ𣿡
-

119 ͷ

⻰һڣԸЩڨڨˡ
Ҳֻ躸һ
ܽҲȷˡ
˵
ʵ½ģֻһˣ
ܽʱЩЦˣǵĵӣҲֻô󣿡
ͬʱ̲ܽס룬ӶԽȾηҪû뽪裬ҪǽܹһֱǵߣǲǣԸͲ;ˣ
ܽҲ֪裬
Цҡҡͷ뷨׵һߡ
ʱ򡰺ٺ١Цܵܽߣֱֻܽĸ첲ҡţĸףһ˰ɣ
˵꣬ͷһգգؿܽܽͷͲգһ㡣
ܽʱЩɬ⸱ģ̲סЦ
Ѿͷ
ܽһ˵Żһķࡣ
ðɣĸ׾һˡܽ
Ȼǣ֣ȥ
߳һһ˲䣬ܽ۽ǵƳԸĽŲɵ΢΢һ١
ûпĻԸУһĽ
Ľ
Ľʲô
ǰһ˲䣬Լ֮ĻܽͻȻɬ
Ľ֮׽
ܽȷԼĲ²ǲǶԵģҲпܣѹֻˣԸû뷨

һûпأ
ֻҪܣԺСܽҲܾܺԹȥ
ţܽǣ֣ûǰߣԸĸǰ
ĸףЩس
ܽûлӦɻ󣬶ǿǰѾҪ߳һЩС꣬Ȼϻ¶һЦͬʱ֣СԾ˾ĴͷϣҲһ¡
Ȼûӵ֮еġ
ԣһֱܽ˻ԱǰƣǵܿԲľȣûʲôԼϵı仯躸Ҳ⡣
ǱܽͷԸھ֮͵رͷȥٿı飬ǣ¶Ķ䣬ܿĺ졣
ǡ
ˣ
ܽͻȻ͸ͺ·ͻȻһԪһ
ȻˣŽԪܽҲ˳ˡ
Ц֮ܽûмߣǽּ躸
ԸŴ졣
ȻǾȵġ
ǳô躸ֿ˵չ࣬躸ֻǴ˲꣬Ϊټ躸Ǽʹ⸱ĬԵӣԸʵЩ躸ġ
ҲҲ׼ȷӦǾǡ
Ϊ̫躸ˣԲŲô׽
Ͼ
ԸжƣǱϾ֪ôġ
ǵ躸һֱǵһɽȻҲַģܽ躸Դ֣Ҫ躸ͷظһ飬ԸŻôȡ
ܽԼʵҲֻǱһԵ̬ȶѡ
öĺӣܽȻ˱ˡ
򡭡
һ躸ȻûбֳʵϣҲǿĸ׵۰أ
ֻΪһܽҲ躸ġ
ֵ֮ܽУ躸һֱܽȴûж㿪
ԣգֻܽ躸ͷϣࡣ
ôãܽ躸׽ʱˡ
ܽЩġ
躸Ρ
ܽ۲˺һûеó
ǣȫ躸Ҳһĸ˰ɡ
Ϊ֮ҪȥǸ˵ܽ鶼ûܵ˿Ӱ졣
ܵܽĺ飬ϵЦҲһֱû
˵ʱȻҲͲ·Զܽĸо֮УҲһСĹǾ͵Ժ⡣
ֱʱܽΪӶ˵飬΢΢ˡ
ܹܻԺŴţܽӣԺǸˣҪ߰˼֡
ˣүүܹܽ
ܽ˵ͷȻӣˣǵĸ׾棬ͽȥɡ
Ը躸
躸ͷȻһԺӣԸҲϽϡ
ֱӶȥˣܹ֪ܲԭܽȥԭŹүǿһžˣһ㣬ԭĴǶɵ΢΢ѹƽˡ
ˡֹܹ
ܽû
Ū֮ǰǲ뽪Եġ
-

120 

躸úܿʹ鷿ˡ
ܽЩȡ
ûһӾͳˣô̵ʱ䣬һ뽪˵ϼ仰
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122 

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123 

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125 

˵ͷȻȴǳܽ˻֣ĸףҺʹ绹ЩҪ˵ȻȥЪŰɡ
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126 ֪

ʵϣԭûҪϵģֻ֮һֱµˣϴȥôڣҲ˵Բû˵
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Ҳǣ֮£ֻҲûмܹ侲ˡ
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ܽܽ϶Ŵֻ˵
ܽϵ֣һĸףҲǰʱԭΪֻ˯һȴһжĿȫǣӳ˲˵ʮôĿ࣬ŽΪףȴúǱŻǰ
Ҳ̫ŭŻһ仰ûݵý˵ͳޡ
룬ܽҲڵý
ȻǸ͵ӣΣӦø˵Ļǡ
֮꣬Żع̾˿ԭһϦ֮䣬þ͸˸ƵģʱʵҲûлɹġ
ΪĸףܲϤԼŮʱġܽȫһʵҲǷġ
ʱұ֤˵ֻԸʱű飬ҲҪġϵ
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Ӧúúʵġ
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ܽĬŵ˵ͷ
Ϊ˽ϷģصĸףģҼȻѾˣȻúùӵģʵ֮ǰҾ׼ȥˣôӦøǸ
ܽ˵Ƿġ
ԭֻȰȰܽӲҪôš뵽ȻܽôЩݷܽģܽСӾšͨĸҲܷЩˡ
һ꣬Ǿʮš
ĸ׵ģ㵣Լĺӡ
ܽҲԼĶŮ֮󣬲ܹµϵ顣
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ȥЩ꣬ȻÿλؾȥϣʼһĹΪܽصģÿμŽܻòڡ
-

127 

ڣ֪ˣǲŮĴҲܹڽǰͻˡ
ܽ˵ͷĸףҼסˡ
ȻҪϡ
ԭǲҪܽ͵ġ
ܽĸף񡭡ڻԺ鷿أҲȥԺ
ˣϲûپܾ
ֻǣ뵽ܽȻһֱڶý鷿ţ̲סֺݺݵܽһۣʳָܽĶͷʹһ¡
ӵģ
֪ܽѾ׹ˣҲ׼жϵ׻ûٶ˵ʲô
ܽ͵⣬ϳʻž鷿ߡ
߳ԼտҲ˫֣룬ȴ»͡Ժ
óЩʳĹܽԸӳѩ˵˼ʳġ
͡ԺҲСģܽʱʰɾˣþߵҲȫֻСһֱûðˡ
ӳѩԣȻЩ죬ԶȥСʱ󻹸ʳĵСѾͷ
ˣʳ͹ˡӳѩ
ܽ˵ͷ˽ʳ͵Сȥ
ӳѩȥʱܽѾԺĴʹ˻𣬶˵Ҳ飬͹ʳǴ˵ģùá
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ӳѩżȥ
Щʳġ
ŵҪġ
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ܽȷʵҪ
֮ǰ֪࣬ڴ˽ԼϵԺ£ֱ׳ڣʵ֤ûдԼˣȻܻһֱš
ȻҪǸȻҲ͸еǸĳ⡣
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ܽĳ㲻úãҲǳ֮ǰŲĳѧ˼ֲ˶ѣѧõģǼ̲ˮ
ΪʱĹϵܽҲûʲô̫ӵˮŴǰϲ㣬һ
֮󣬽ʢַŽʳó֮ʳнӳѩԺȥ
鷿⣬ܽԺſڿܹܡ
Խܹܾ֮ͷ·һˣֻԺſš
ܽˣ仹ӳѩŵʳ϶ۣܹͣ϶Цˡ
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ܽĪЦ
֮ǰԺſڣܹܿʱҲ˵һģһļ֡
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㸡ֳǳǳЦζĲһ
һ˵ܽʱǸճ׵ʱʵҲǸġ
ǵãʱǸճײã߹ȴǲô̫ƽ񼴽ǰ߽ټǼǹǵļɳ˸Ϲ㣬ȥ˽ϽصԺЩãܽǸУҲǰο
ʱʵҲûദʱգ͸Щ裬ȴ˷ޣΪ׽ˣûüԷϲá
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˺׾ͷ̲ܽסȤ
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128 ϲ

úһ׼ȥʢһ룬϶΢΢һ١
ͲóԼˣȴ̲ס˵˳ǼΪġ
ûֱ׵ıԼģǽ˵ˣЩϰߣѹü͡
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ףҪĵʱȴԼķһ˾òŮӣԼƢ֮תߣûκεĽ밲ĸŮӣҲҪᡣ
һʱѾʮ꣬ԼʮôЩ࣬ĸĸ׵Ļ᲻ۣ᲻úǵĸûеΪ˸
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ܽܿڳŸı䣬ĸıЩӦҲܽ΢΢Ļϲ
뽪׳֮ǰʵûκνӴġ
義ͲЩƾŽǾǰٿˣһˣȴԼķ
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Ҳûϲġ
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ǰܽȷԼڽеĵλڣۼŽΪԼĻı䣬ãҲӦøһ㡣
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129 ż

ܽŽ񣬶˶٣֪㷽ʲô
һ²ŷӦָܽʲôʶľǰĬž뵽ܽǰ˵Ļ
𿴽ʮսΪ湦ʼʱʵϲŽϽͽǵİŽС
֣ھžصĵλҲǽһһǹսƴɱġ
ĽüΪԼǶ磬ڴнϣǶûκѡء
ҲΪˣСͿʼϰ䣬ϽͽǶڴܹ֮ǵļϽӹΡ
ͻСʱԴ˵Ҳûʲô飬󣬿ʼԼ뷨֮󣬶ڸİȴ淴Ϊ˿û뽪Ƿͻ
Ȼ˵ǳͻӵܲζײǣ֣ΨһģҲǳĬԶˣԼĳĬԿеİš
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ҪıԼƢԼϰߣȻǼѵģԸȥԡ
죬ðβŵҾòã÷˲ңҲôЩ
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130 

ôЩͷǳһֻèҲ˵ȫû飬οһˣ֮ⷬǰһ˵ģʥϵв̣Ӧ
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ΪǰżҺܿ׿˱ˣǿҪһλżҹ빬ˡ
żòĹǣòͬʱһŴԴԱ֤䲻빬ͶģǾͲˡ
ܽǵãٽǶʱ䣬żΪҪѡĸŮ빬ء
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131 ԭ

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ЩͶŽˣһ˳ǾĻһˡ
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132 ˽

˵ܽû⣬нڣȻܷʲô¡
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ƫƫô£ȴһԣ֪ˣҲһֶ˵
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֮ܽ̾һô˵أ
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Եľ뽫ֳ
ҲǺòײյ֣ܽݵܽô׵ľأ
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һֱһĬȴˣ˳أϣƽûֹ̫ܵҲûԭˣʵȫûа취мܵġ
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֣ܽһܽͲ˰ϡ
ȻΪȶԾӵܽˣΪβʣ˵˽ʲô˼أ
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Ҫ˵֮ǰҪʵ˼һʣȴʶĲˡ
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һĬٵˣͻȻ˵ôĻﻹЦ⣬ֻܽûΪǲҲ˸ˡ
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133 

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أŸովΪϴò
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ǰãǰռϷģ˵ĹôƵȥأ
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ܽ꣬ĪЩɬ
ǲĻص˼ҲΪŻӵĸܡ
ΪҪˣܽԼֻ¿ǡ֪һеĻᶼûУϢгʧˡ
ܽûȥԹʲô
Щңһʱ֮Ҳ֪˵ʲôʲôֻſ뿪侲һ˼
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Ҫǣĸı䣬֪ܽ룬Ҳûпģܽɬ

á
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Ҫ֪ϲôصЩأ
ǿ뷨ЦЩǷˣ֪֪Ҵǰǲϲ㣬ϲģ
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ֵǸճײãҾҪڸսʱǸ׵ļɳʵЩܵģҾ͸ˡ
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֮ܽżҲԶָȣΪϲÿһĶ
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134 

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ԸүˣһʳУ˵þװ̲ˮҲܿ˶ڹүǹĵġ
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Ҫǣſ鷿ĹүЦ
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ܹǸ۾гһߵģܽĪľе㲻ʹ죬ǰڽǰûа취ˡ
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ܹܵĺ鲢ûܵӰ죬Цеصˣʳлͷ»ͻȥġ
ܽŲһ١
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ǣܹͻȻΪʾˣ¾˽үĶȥ͡Ժˡ
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135 Բ

ظ֮ԺϢլҲûд֪Ѿ˻
뵽θߴĸ鷿İϣǿЩӣЩ̡
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ĸסҪ͵㷹˹ȥ𣿡
ܽܿЩʲôȴ֪ľһһۣأ
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136 ŵ

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137 

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138 

ӵĸף¹غǵ£ȻҲӦ֪
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볤һ˵ܴʲôϲأ
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Ȼ˷أҲֻ˰ľ˶ȨھĹ֮УҲǶһݶˡ
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ȷʵȻ볤ͺãҪܽѡļصҲ¥治ܽ档
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139 ޹

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ʵĶУҲδ̫ѿˡ

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140 

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141 ʥ

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142 ҩ

˵ˣصİѾ˰ѹÿ಻ԣصĹٸѾҪѹסҾˣ֪Ѿʲô̶ȡ
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143 

Щڸ֮һҲǷǳûӵģÿһͶֻʳɵĲȣϷɵĵܵˮεģʲôϡٳʲôÿһ컨ʳϵķãֻ¾͹֮ͨһˡ
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144 

ţվţȻܽ󱳵һЩѪ˳ż£˲ͽĿȾѪ߰ߣЩ˵ġ

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145 

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146 ̰

һ˵ٿǷǵӣͶͷһɡ
״ЦȻǲģǾ͸һȥɡ
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ڣ֪αװѾûˣԲŻɴαװ˺
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ĸǰĿĻȻûдżУȴԴһɿµϢսɱγɵɱ
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òײҵ·۳ѼҪˣܸģ
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147 Ҫ

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148 ֻ

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149 뺦ң

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150 

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151 û

ܽЦҡҡͷɵѾͷ˵ţ㻹أ
ܽһ˵ҲЩɻˣĸףڿ׾ܿˣ˵ǰôͿˣѲǱģɶۣ
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152 ڴ

ܽɻûڽͻ׽ȻǲӦġ
֮ǰѾķޣӶʲôܵΪûй
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153 

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156 

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ܲһЦǱЩʲôأ
ȥʮ꣬˼ҹģҲҪĻѡ
ܽĿı仯ҲͣЦ񿴹Ŀ⣬ͺ񲻹˵ʲôʲôὫ֮ȫݣܽЦ˼ˡ
ͬʱܽĶҲЩȡ
һ㣬漴ֲúЦ
ദ״̬˵Ӧó»֮ʱŶԣǣȴʮü꣬ҵ״̬
˼ˣֲܽЩȻ
Ϊʲôʮʱ䣬׻ǹȥˡ
ҲֻпôһСܽջ˼ȥѾΪȥҲܱı䣬ڹȥǲԼδ
ȻʮʱѾȥˣֻҪߵ˻ڣһУ㶼üģ
ţܽĿҲɱ
Žǰδеͣ˵ĻȴǴϷʵģԣ㵽ĸ˵ʲôĸôľ͵ͷӦǵ£
ܽ˵սḺֺܽΥģع
ڻشܽ⣬֪˵ЩʲôΪܽרעȴֽܽڶԵĸо
˵֮ǰֻܽǾö΢΢ЩȣôŽԣһȴѸٵķϺϼܽȥԼգҲܸоȵ¶ȡ
ھջǰԽвȷӡ
˭˵Ĭʯͷһ˵ģ
˭˵񲻻˵ģ
˵Щˣһֻ֪ҪԸ⣬˵ĻҲǵġ
ܽΪ뽪ķûʲôѭĸ֮ý֮ԳΪޣٹƽƽӣڱ˴֮ûбĸһЩĸ顭
ѾΪˣЩ鰮ģʲôģ
ֱ˽⵽ǰ֪Щ£׶ԣŷ֣ԭ֮Щ̵ĸ飬ҲǰȫȻںġ
Ůݣ˭ֲϣԼһǸˣĽԼأ
ܽˣֺγˣ
һ̣ܽͽ鶼һġ
˻ͬԷӣȻĿ⽺һ𣬾Ȼ˭ҲŲߡ
ãȵΪԺﴫģʹɨʱСߵ˽Ŵġϡʹֿʱ˵֮Ĺϵɱκʱ򶼻Ҫ׽
㡭
㡭
ͬʱֶΪԷͣ¡
˶һЦ֮ǰദʱǵıŤҲ֮ȥ
ܽ˶Ž飬ЩԹصǸĻ֢֮ö˶˵Ľӷʮ꣬ǼҲ֪ǴĶģҵӻƴǣôЩ̯
ֻǶЩ̯ҲͰˣܽ޷ܵǣǼΪ뺢ǵĹϵ
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157 

ܽıԹط֮ǰδе׽΢΢һֻ뺢Ƿʮ𣿡
˵ĻﻹŵЦ⡣
ܽܿ˼ȴû˽⣬ֻƳһۣµתƻ⣺ʮ꣬ĸĶںǵߣҲԸ׽躸ԸҵڶûʲôͷأãҲˣһ취ɡ
ܽ׼˵ʲô˾һ档
Ժʱ˼ٵĽŲܿ죬ǽŲ⡣
ţӳѩ÷ţˣү
ȻѾѹеĽȴԶ׼ġ
ܽ뽪һۡ
˺£ܽʵ
һ̣ӳѩڣܽͽҴ˸񣬵ˣүشϢ˵Ƕү˴һܣүһȣŶү˵ҪѶүҲأ
һ⻰ܽͽʱվ
ʲô̲ܽס
ˣҲûһã뽪˵ôõĻȥˣûźǵء
뵽ҲôһĹʱһֱֵúʵԸ˸һ˴һܣүȶˣ
Ȼ֮˵ԸѾһ˾֪竣ܽ⻹ǵһ֪
֪ΪΣܽĪľһΣ֮ҪļӣȴԸķʱ躸˵Ըʵ
ʱܽ躸˵ǵĸףȻΪԾͶĴƫ
ʱ
ܽһֱڶǵ躸ʱ
֪ΪλͻȻ£֪ܽһΪ¾úģԭ躸ԸľͻûбůҪʱʲôúǸӲԸ׽ֻĺˡ
ԣȻнܽȴѸٵ侲
ûȽ񿪿ڣ͵ԸΪλүܣԸûˣү˵ˣ
ЩӳѩõϢҲŲãֻ֪Ҳϸֵںδ
һ˵Żһ߾Ҫߡ
̤һܽ;һůȻһֻȴǱ˽
ǽ˭
һ֣߬ܽһ߳ˣ㲻ҪһȥģΣҶԲԸί˿
ͳȴһε˺׾ȫ
ܽԭһŵģ֮ⷬ󣬱Ҳչ
ֻһˣȻҲ£ܽòϣվߣ˵ĻʱȷʵǶ˼ֵġ
һܽ˵ͷá
ɴ˶һۣȻܿıջߣһȥ
ӳѩһп⾪
ΪܽĴѾߣӳѩȻԼҹү֮ദζǿģշүýŶõĹ򣬾Ȼͺͺˣ
Ȼоȣӳѩܿ
֮£ȻЩѾ߸ùܵģֻҪ̺÷˾ˡ
ҲŲæظܽͽߡ
һߣӳѩһߵشǰܽʵˣǼβ͵͵ܻŶģüһʱҲû˵̫ھڶţŻػء
ܽ˵ͷŲּӿ˼֡
һߣܽһ߷Ըӳѩȥȵܽͽ˶ţѾ׼ˣܽͽֽҲųʻȥ
ʻܽһſ׵أ˵ɣ⵽ô£
ǸԸ߷̵СˣҲܹѡ˷Ըߵģ飬һġ
ԻصһһֱҲϰµġ
Ҫ֪ǰԼүʲôɶûˣίҲֻԼʣǺүͽܻסүһ
ֻƽ˴һܣܵСˣֻ¶ظ
ա
ԼүҵүֻǴһҲûʲôԸүһ㶼λүͻڣԸүȸˣԸҪ˵أ
ˣѾƽˣزŻѰŻ͵͵ܻظܽͽ
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158 

֪ԼľٶʵҲȷŵûá
Ѿˣǹүͷ˶ܶүȥүܹܣô˵ǲԼүı˴Ȳǣ
ڣ黹ûлǸز
ţصƽشܽطˣԭ⼸λүԼһȲ衭
ԸȻ˵Ǹ竣ЩǲͬģһԸͻСԸԼϲȻ⼸竣ƽȴǶƵġ
ԸһĶǾǸҲóеεĵӣԸ֮ߣԸҲǨͣÿÿȥʱܻѡڲ¥Ǿ¥
ˡ
ԸԼĲ¥Ǻ¥
ܹú¥һݵԼں¥Ȳ裬ɱȥЩȾƸ˾й⣬ûκεĲġ
ֻһ˴һȲ˵ʵҲްģԸ⼸ɶģ˭Ҳû뵽ں¥ǻү
뽪ǿ޷ĨɷʵʵľͬǣľλϮġ
ҲǸž̫һµģھ֮ǽ˲Сս
Ȼˣ̫漴֮δǰǰִ;λ۹ֻͣƾʱµսҲܱ˹ġ
֮ԺһõϮĹλΪλ̫ž֮
ǰʼƮҡʱ׷̫ң̫һ£ʣȻ˲ٵսǾҫ۵ǸˣսǾ͸Ҫ˲١
̫涨£´ңҲ˾
Ҳ̫ǻѸԼµʱȴڵǻǰһ˴ɱ̫֮ʣλؼʱͦԼ̫浲һӶ̫պӵµķ⡣
棬ȴ˶ɥ
ҲǸķ̫ܲŻһϮĹλ
û˵ˣȴĵõλҲ֪еʧǲˡ
ҲΪλ̫̫֮ҵҲչˣ̫棬ǺεǶмӡ
Ȼ֪ĶǲǳڵԸֻӸ˿Σȱʥ裬ȴʵ
ü˽ıҲûõλʱĽǵҵĺ˽Բγ˼νҷҲˣŷ̫Ż֮ΣҲϲʥ裬Щ˿û
Ըҵͬˣǲ竡
ԸܣұԸһȵү͸̳
Ȼ壬ȴĵճӣ׽ʮŵõôһȴǱļܵܵĶӶҪС
Ը곤꣬ʮˣǰѾǾǳ竣˵ǳԺζ嶾ȫ
λƣֻƾˣ˸ԡ
ݲȻǲҵģݹЩˣȴǲмôһ˶Ѵ࣬ǹߵԽĲ֪ߵغ
˵˹ĹǣԼܹס˶ǲġ
ǻ˱ҵүҲǲҿȥˣˣʲô˵ģ
٣Ҳȷʵ˺պսôҲֻǳӣأȴ̫Ż֮ģֻƾһ㣬ҾεĹ֮»ַ̹⡣
ԣǰҲʲôǵġ
ԸһСǵִ¥ʱʱ仹磬¥˲࣬żȻ˲࣬¥´¥ϵżƺҲûʲôһ˱һ¥ÿһ
һԭţ¥Ȳֻǲ࣬ȴ룬ģȴǲֻǣүҲ
Ҳ֪ΪľһȺ˵Ĵӵ֮˺¥Ը˽䣬ȴûз֡
ԭҲûʲôȻƽﲢ¥Ҳ˭ҵģûвñĵ
ͻڣ˲һ¾̸һ̸۵¡
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159 

¿ǲ٣˵ô˵ޣһھ顣
˾ǰ£ҲۣҲ弸˰ֹ䣬ٽһ˴֪ЦݱҲˣɲ
Ķӣһʮŵõı񣬴ӳ𣬾ͱһ˿ñӻҪһɲͽ޷죬ʮżΪÿǴʲôںƨɡ
֪Լʲô˶ܽԼôĵȻҲԽԽ󣬲Ϊ߻ۼһͬԵѫӵܣһȺº޹˼ɣǿŮа֮¿ûνǾһԡ
ڱţͬΪȻҲûʲôη֮ġ
ľ£ҲֻλҲΪֻλƽҲͻᱻõһȽϣ׿ԽǾ˽֪ľս񣬵õڶյӵȴֻ汲ڳвκνһȽϣȻҲ͸
ǣΪʥ裬լھǶǶһݶҪ٣˭ܿõĲࡣ
ԣ΢ʣֻǰûл˴򽻵Ųûбͻѡ
һ龩ͱһ鸾˵ڶ˵˼ޣֳЦܲȡЦһ
˵һڵĸ¥ҲֻѪ
ߵЩ඼ѫӵܣĵճӣһӣЩ˼ӵ֮⣬ЩвĴӣлмǸζͶӣôһȺ˴һľ˵˾Щ¡
Ҫ˵£ʲô򻹸˾ʣ
ΪһſԳô˻һţȻǲκο֮ġ
ӿսϵɱϣլ֮ȴ̫ѶЩһ鸾ˣȻͷȥƽ׶ôҪǴ˱߽ЩĶУֻЩľηɢȥˣ˵Цһ˵ҲЦˣ
һڸԶһ˲
ЩȻЩѧ竣Ҳź֪ʲôģʲôǲģǶ
еȻĲмǿûĵ
û˸Ҹ
Ȼһ㣬Щá
ͷ˾ηֻǻſ˸ͷѣЩƽʱΨհ˾ͲӦһˣ
뷨͸ŵ²ˡ
Ҫ˵ڵǷ⣬¾ҪûȥһڽǰĲˮǲ裬ȴƫƫƵĺˬڵ׳꣬˵սҲ˲ٵĴСˣڵܶסü½ߣЩһҲ뵱ĽϽһֻܽ׹ɰӣ
˸Ҵˡ
Ҳ⣬ȫڳţһˣ˭ܳŵ
ӣǣ˵ǸʮӶ򲻳һƨƺ«
ԣߣҲǸȱӺõȥ競ѣҪǿֻյĹ͵군
ͲһˣֻǿԼ̫棬ʥԼ˾;ҡ
ңɲܵȥģ
ţԽĵˡ
Ϊ⣬̸ȻҲ͸ˣ˵һ㣬ÿһ˶һ
λôҲǹǧֻҪԼֵ㣬ôҲܼ޸˼ң˵ӣƫƫ׳һ˫۾ȻôһһǴ⻹ûأ˵ĳ¾ʹ÷зģҪĹͽͷ͵ȥˣݵ
ЦľˣΪˣȴЩɽҰ޸£ǰôЩ۵ҲͰˣȻҳԼķӣ˵ĸˣ͸飬˼ԣͲˣ
ͽӢ˰ɣȻôһ˸סˡ
-

160 

ĺ¥ûмͣԵø徻һ㶼ûѹԼԽ˵ͷŵԽ˵ں¥Ĵˣ棬Ҳ̸ܽⷬ۸һ
Ըһ˾ڴõĽЩۣ
ɽԸˡ
ȻԼĸĸĲô˵Ҳ֪ԼˣԼԼʹȣпܲ
տʼ˵ʱԸѾȻվҪȥۣǱڽ䴦һڵĴм仹һξ룬ټ˵ֿ죬ȵԸıѾ˵꣬ΪشЦ
ҲԼĻ뵽˽ֻܼ̣û䣬ʥջعλӴ˾ǾֻһΣԲ˷ܵЦ
ȴûз֣ЦŵʱЩǶһֵؿı
Ȼֻ͵һʹ⧲֮೯ǰӡ顱һȥһ˾Ĵʲϣֻһ¾鶼˳
ҽڱǼңԸһص
һ֮Ը׻ޣûӦһѾסͷץͷǰϿȥ
ڣԸﻹЩִģڽͷ֮ǰûÿŵֻֽϵĲ߶ӵ˵ϡ
ž
ЩĶͷݺݿϴĳƵײԼʹ
Ըⷽˣߵˣû뵽ҲôһĹ򣬾Ȼͷ£һʱ֮䵹ǶЩˡ
ֱһʹһʹһ˲ǷӦæ
ԸҲûвģԲùˣ˹ʱ˳ֱɿͷ
ʱһԭǿùȥȴΪԸǰΪÿԭˣĶͷϣԸûа֣ѾĳһϺѪӡһ˵ã
Щ˺汣˺һȵͷǲôˣһѽǰ˶ƿȻ󿴵Ը
Сӣԭ㣡һ˫۾
躸ͬ䣬ԸҪ꣬ΪĹϵԼԸͲһ·ˣЩȻͬھǣҲΪмԸǰȴǲûʲô
ûнȻҲͲͻ
ȴû뵽һΣֻ˵ЩĻѣܱԸŻʹһ١
øѻ
£ǰҲûǰֳЦô࣬ҲֻһεĹȻӹ˭뵽ξܱԸţԸ͵Ϯóأ
Ը곤꣬Ҳߴ˲٣ȴûκεľ⡣
ôţСүôѶͷĳѪˣԸЦһ
㣡
Ը˵ﻹ̣
Ըô˵ʹһ٣˵ǽӶˣҪǲһԺҪôĸߣ
ǣءһֱӾͳԸ˹ȥ
Ըǰ㶼µġ
Щʱʱľ˶֣Ȼûʲô·ܵľνǼΪḻôһ
˾һš
֮󡭡
ʼֻԸ˴˺棬˭Ҳ˵嵽ô£֮ʮ˾һš
Ļ֮УҲ֪ôģͱȡ
ֻǴܵĻЩ˵ⶼʲô¶ĸʱʱľҪ˴һܣЩƤˣ
ȣһˡ
˭֪ж౦磬Щ˲ٵĶֻһȴˣȣҪǱ֪ˣЩһˣֻ¶кùӳԣ
ǡ
סʱִܹף
ĸ֮ӵܣһ˼Ʋٶ˻ˣǽԸΧסԸ͵͵ˡ
أʱ͵͵ġ
¥ܽߵ·ʱͼһڵߣȻҪ
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161 Ľ

뵽иǽͨһڳм䣬ܽͽͷүˣүȻڱǸ竣Ҳֻǰ氮Щѣɴûʲô캦£Ǵǰ˴ܣҲСС֣үзִ磬Բܰӵȴϣмһбʲôᣡ
ؼǵúʱԸӺץͷϿʱѾŭ˼㣬ȴǵýϵĲ߶ڵأµľƬ˵ͷ۾Ҫλɴ˿ɼʱԸȻŭһǵġ
Ȼ
ôںʧֽȴϣ
ԸʮѣѾʮʵҪ࣬ԸдȵģƾСҪһҲϼѵġ
֮ؾп϶бʲô£ԼүǱ˸ˣ
ţظӵˡ
ܽͽ᲻Ļ϶ԸĴҪĻүжİ
˲֪Ը߷ôЩ֪ܲԸȻϿŶܽͽ㶼ںʵԸĸĹעȴٿġ
ҪǷ˺͹үүүжĺ
붼Ըġ

죬ȴû˵ʲô
Щǹļ£Ѿ˵ôЩˣģȴӦ˵ġ
ܽͽһۣӶԷ￴˳ء
ԸĸĸԭӦýǵĺӻ֮µģڣضһʱΪǲԸɴ˿ɼ⸸ĸжʧܡ
ͬʱҲΪ·ʱζ΢΢۾
ǵȻԼĺӣȻض˵ˣԸʱǱǵģԲʧִ£ǵȻκһĻɡ
ô
ˣȻȲԸϵģ˭ϵģ
һжֻ⣬Ȼõģǣһʲô˼ȣȻ޻ԸͷϣҪԸƳȥ
ܽͽ񣬾鷢
˶һۣͬļ
ź¥ͺܽȵ˶ƣҲͣ˺¥ſڡ
Ȼ磬ʱĺ¥ȴУȴƽʱʱûе֡
û취ְ
£ҲҹҹӺүȻ֣ӻȣ֣ܸϣһҪúÿһѽ
ȻˣҪĻǣ̵õϢ֮ٶȸϵ˺¥ҪĶүҲۣӱأ
ʮ꣬òеȣθߴټֺüŭĿģźЩˡ
֪ԼıȻ˴ȣŭɶʹһڻ嵽˺¥
¥Ϊȱˣս˫жЩȻǱߵµ˸ϵ⽫Ը׸ΧסҪ֮з䡣
ԴˣԸַŭί
ֲϵģЩԼµϵͰˣƾʲôñͷϰ
ķŭίֳ֮ﵽ˶㡣
ôˣһʱ۵ɫ԰ͷ󺹵ǰ
ȻЩףò˵ȷʵһ۰ӵĺøףʱʹӣԶ׼ۡ
ֻ֪ҪǿԣֻǺ޲ʹġ
֮飬ԭΪôһôĸףˣԾ˵ץֱ㿪ʼ߿ࡣ
ҺʹҵǲǺòˣԺǲҪȳˣͿżΪңǻ˵ЩʹüֱԱ
⣬ҲҪġ
ı飬ּһѻ𣺡ǽԣңôص֣Ǻ޲ðҴһҪҰҪȻ϶̹ˣ
˵ŻָԸ
ŽעŲؿԸ
ҼҰȴˣĿؿԸ
Ҫǹ˼Ըô˵ҲĶүֻƾԸһ㣬ʲôҲ˵ȰԸȸˡ
Ըʱĵɬ
ǵˣԸԸﾹȻЩĽ
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162 Ҷ

Ǹ嶾ȫ٣Ҳʲôˣôȴȫĵİ
⡭
ԸĽġ
ԸЩףҲЩޣΪʲô˶иȫĻĵ˵˸ǽһţûȥȴǵòĸ׵ϲأ
⣬Ը˼궼ûס
ǰΪֻҪî˾洳ĸܵøʰ̯ӣ»˶Ҳܶע⵽֣ǰԸľʱʱľǵÿҵ

Ըû뵽ǣĸҲû˶עһ֣ʰ̯ˡ
ǰ⼸꣬Ըβģʼܹܣͱ躸
εĸףȴǴûйܹһΡ
ö֮ģԸǿڴıҲˣûκεڴ
ûڴȻҲͲʧˡ
ȻĸûڴԸȴϲȺĻһ棬ʱʱĻΪһЩ۵˴һܵҲͳ˱竡
ʵϣֺʲô캦أ

Щ˵ĸҲǲŵİɣ
뵽ԸĿЩ
˺һûеȵԸĻشԭǿѹסĻҲѹסˡ
Сӣԭ˵ķϣֻҪĻڹҲԲƽô࣬Ȼ˲֪ڸģǱݲſˣȻҼȴˣҲ۸㣬ͶһҼɣݺݵص
֮ǰЩ˼ɣǹŭֱŶﻹõʲô˼ɡ
˭֪ıôʲôܲ˸ִڵС￪ôܲŭ
һŭҲܴԸȻʲôĺˣö⣬һҪԸһȣ
ţЩһ֣ס
ǣ
֮¾绢һԭԸļһƵԶԶģ¾ͽԸֻ첲
ԸҪֻһˣҶԷ׵Ļܷ˵ģ
ذţԸԲϷ䣬ֲҴϵģƾʲôң
һ⻰Ͳˣŭ֮һʱˣҪԸۣȴΪǣϵ˶ʹġ
۲ѡ
˺һò׻ʹˣԸƿڴԣҪǸͱˣҵʱ򲻼ˣڼҵ˵ˣб´㵹б³ϰҪǲҲУô˵˵һثҲôˣ
ԸΪԩ˶÷ŭίأһ⻰ﻹ̵סþ̧ͷҿثֲǣҲǹƴģΪ˼޻ңȻİԼȸŪˣ˵ƽʱҪĺݾôڹз֮ʱ򣬼ű˵ķˣŲ·֮¸ˤ˸
һ⻰ûֱӱ
ν˲˲Ҷ̣ԸһھֱӽĶ̣ô侲ˣ
Ըûкұ
Žʮ꣬δ֮꣬Ůɫһϣȴ޽ɣʮʱȥһ¥֮ʳ֪ζˣֻҪǿ۵Ůӣ˼ǲл䣬һҪŪֲС
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Ը˵£ǳ˾ǵһЦЦõġ
ɫĳһξȻһз֮ŮͱҪϼ꣬ͬѫ󣬲ʲô֮ΪͳΪ˽˵ǰ;
ŮӵķʱھֵأʱŮңǸᡣ
ѫ˼ңŮӵķҲģŮӣҲǿģֻҪŮӲԸ⣬Ҳֻ֮ܲˡ
ͻڣŮΪʱߣǲįǱ߲һ⹴߾Ѿ˳ӳǽˡ
͵ųԵĶرɣϲɵӣȻŮӱĹϵʱ䡣
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163 ϵ

һӣһѫ֮ҵз֮Ҫ˽ҲôףʱŮ֮ʱլ˻졣
ʱ䵹Ҳˣʱһֽܰס
ǣĳһ˻һʱŮӵķö˷
ɽŻˡ
Ǹ竲٣ͬʱҲǸѧ竣֮ӦǣŮӵķȻܹѡôҲмֱµġ
ԣ֪֪֮Ҫ˵˽ǰǿ϶򲻹˼ҵġ
ɲƽװᡣ
Ȼ밤ᣬܹ뵽ΨһҲǸϽˡ
˵֮ҪôŮΪλլǾͲĿǷΧ֮ˣ˾˵ŮӳͻȻͷΣñˣŻĵĽ˵ͷϢ
ȻˣĽͻ᲻ţɹܲˡ

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ϽȣһҪҲжʹҪһʹʮץ֣š
ŶȻǸʹһʾοһӦúúãҿţŸô㱨𣡡
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ż˵ͷһ֣
Ը𴽡
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Ըܽǰֻôһ㿴ѺԸǼĻſ
ֻԼûнӴߣֻҪЩϳȥˣҪǷϻ
뵽ֻһ㣬ԸͻЩ˵³ʹ࣬ܽĿǱһ㣬üĻ̲סһԸ˫ֵ˸ʶһɡ
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164 ί

ֻҪڣ˭Ҳ˵޶
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ͻڣǴ罪һһɾͲˡ
ô⣬ҲǽȽǵģҪΪ¾ȥҽҪ˵ǲŻЦˡ
ԣһֱԽ񣬶ҲЩԹġ
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Σһˣ
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165 

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Цһ
ҪôܱߵأΪԼһ汲Űˡ
ΪӣȻܵ˵ʥһһֻɴ˱ɼһˣ飬иڣ̫һֻжġ

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168 

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ܿŶһȵЦһҲֻŻᵱɱˣ㲻ȥʣж˺޲ŪҲûҵˣҪǽҵᣬ㿴ܻ죿ֻڵʱûֺݵ㣬߲Ҫǻ˸ϣһˣ˵ƻͳɹأ
ܽŭ
ܺԵָӣⲻ֪ҲʲôöΪԼ˽ĶɱˣǺˣҲֻǺûֺݵ㣬ڽԸŵİ¶ֻҪһ˵ܳˡ
ˣҲżȻӣһ֮ѡ
ܽЦһȴҲûпڡ
⼸˹ҧˣҲʲôˡ
ܺԽЩ˵꣬ͱ첻ԣתض
ƽʱ˵嶾ȫʲôûֵµǺüӲν󣬵ܺţһʱ֮ȴֻõѣ˲ϵˣֳŵ˹ȥ
״ͽΪܺЩ𾪸׵һߣվĸǰס˵ߣȻָ˴ŭãܺãϣ֮͹ͷһֱôӲ
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169 

һȻǶܺԶɱģֻô˵棬û˵ôֱ׶ѡ
ܺɫ΢䣬Ĳܲ˵ĽôԷ
ܽ⼸˹ҧһëĵԣʱȴЩˡ
קԸĸ첲Ըǰ˵Ļǵļ£ǿûʲôȤȥȻѾˣӵԼ˴ϵģôǲӦøҼԸһˣ
ôܽһҲģ޶ԩԸԼͽüʱ˻ҪԸȣ̵ܽˡ
ԣˣһøУ
ܽĿ䵭ؿӣ͸ļᶨ
ܽԣĵһӦŭ
ܿ죬ǰֻ˵ܽһ䣬ͱ˽ָüĵĿ־壬ôŭǲٶܽ˵κһĶԡ
Ҳ֪ȷʵԼҲüʱҪٳһԼĴ˽Եȣ²û취ˡ
뵽ΣҲֻˡ
һ֪ܽҪһʲôĽ
ܽûмŻش⣬ǿԸԸô
Ըû뵽ܽʣҲûⰡһʱ֮䵹һ¡
ܽ״ֵԸ£ίﶼУ
ܽ˵С֣һŭſڷϣٳǰע⵽˽䵭двͷһ죬ȴҲĲ˵ʲôˡ
ܽûע飬ֻԸĻش
Ըϸ⣬˺һܽԴЩע֮¿˿ڣ¾͸ϴǰ£͵ҵҪҲܼ򵥣ҲҸˣ
ЩĻͷһֱһһ٣ǾúЩɽžǱԩ㱻˴ȣԸҪܺܣǲŽйˡ
˵仰ԸͷһֱŵǿҲɢ˿
ɵÿ˿ܽ￴һۡ
Ҳ
ôͽЩµģǶ˵Ҫ󣬶Ϊ֣ԭҲ˵Ĵڵġ
ܽԸĻӣüҲҼԸֻһҪӲⱾӦõ¶ɣ
ŭ
ĸ˵Ҫˣֻ¶Ѿˡ
ȷǷ֮Ըŭԣɱôߣ
ǰЩʱڸʱɾڳʱδͷβĿȫˣǸʲôĲ״ǿһ
ѧӣžŪһѪģȥ
Ųɣ
һʱ֮䣬Ըڵʲôĳһ㡣
ԸȴûĽûж࿴һۣͺͲֵעһ㣬Ťͷܽĸף
ȻЩƽ˿κ˼ܽĶУԸһ
ᵽһ㣬ܽҲˣһʱֻ֮Ļŭš
Ըһĸ׵ܽôܲԸԸأ
ܽһŤͷӣԭϵĴȰڿ˵ͬʱ䵭ӻǲҪ˵ôĺá
Ǹ첻µزµģ˵ǽܻҶԣֻܽбģаֵľη֮ģ
ԣܽһ˵ûзЦһӴ˵ģûϰһ£뱾˵˵ǱӲͬʲӸִΣ
ҲΡܽ
⻰ſ˸ͷЩЦЦ
֪⸾ҲΣ
һ̣Цݾͽϡ
ܽȻԸⲻ֮ԩֲԸµǸô˾ֻԸ¸ʵˣܲܽ˰װԩȥ𣿡
˵ͬʱܽϣ
ܹӦˣڣ
ܽڵķ°ͣ˽ӸѺ
-

170 

ȻѾȥһǰϹʱ򿴵ģԸαĻ˫Ѻŵģܽɶǵ
ǣһʱﻹһֱۻֵȣ۳žҪî˾Ըϴȥ
Ҫ˴ʵˣԸȻܱס
ֻ뵽Щ̲ܽסŭա
ĶӣҪ˾Ȼκε飬ֱӾͽԸͷϣΪҪԸȣܲ۲ŭ
Ҳͽʱϵˣûӵóѣһأ
ȻԸԸǾͽԸĴȺˣ
ҲֻǶһȣǻһȫ
ܽ˺ĵġ
ܹܶܽǾԲκۿ۵ȥִеġ
ܽĻ䣬ܹܾͳӹһڻ˻֣ȥ
ܹܵͷͬŻġ
ŵΣҲǶģܹܿ˵ǿӳģԸͬǳۣԸ۸ˣܹܲŭ
һڻûκԥǷֳ˽ĻƵһߣֳַһ˽ӦҪ£ʣµļȫȻǲȣ֮ǰԸõĴֱӽӵٷ˫ԴѺ
ǲۿ۵ĶˣĻ˴³ĶԴʹֻ޲þ͵ιȥźã˺üĲҽС
ͬʱûңҰ
Ѿһˣɲһȶˡ
뵽ĸˣȻôĵӣ涼ȣһʱּ֮ŭ
뽫ǰŵĻƿֵɻ˲٣ôҲɶֺ
ʶԼǲƿģһҲˣǿ񣬡ؿ⡭˷𣿡
ԭá⸾ˡƺܽģ뵽֮ǰýָüĵĿ־壬Ӳʱ˿ڡ
ԣȴֻؿһۣҲҷкηģĶǱҵĶͬҲǣȻԩҶӻǾͶȰɡ
һ
ƽҲΪˣŽʶ񲢲Ц
ܽҲͬûӿЦ
űѺܽ￴˿ֱǰӵһԵȣǰӽ֮
ȣܽͷĻָʢ˼֡
ǰֻԶԶţȼˣĽ֮ŷ֣ȱܽĸ첲뻹Ҫһ롣
ֻ˵¥Ķȷʵںӣ¥ӣҲʮġ
ǡ
һȣǴԸϣԸжʹ
뵽˴ܽһ䡣
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ţܽ߻ԸߣԸ֣ȷŵԸģֽԸֺϣսϵȡ
Ըʶ˳ָܽˡ
ȵסȣǰ㷢£Ը׻̲ס˸䡣
ܽ״ʹɿָ֣űѺŶãȴǲϿ¶ԵԸǰô㣬ֻҪ£κ£ĸ׸ţĸײУ㸸Ҳһܶס
Ըʼʱȷʵûʲôģܽ˵Щ̻뺦£ȴҲĽɢȥȡ֮ĵļᶨ
ĸ˵ģһжţʲôµģ
֮ǰʴʵʱʵݺһˣֻʱҪзִ磬ܵʲô̫صˣŲûгΡ
֪к·ᱻԩ治һʼĽȴˡ
ĸ˵ģܲƽױ˸ԩˣ
ڣͰǰ
ܽ˵ĻԸǿ˿ֲܽԾػͷ
յԸߣԸ˵ͷ
һҲû˵ЦݶûУȴ˼
£춼ͱˣҲҸţ
ԸӽͷĶġ
Ըһʱ֮еޡ
ôǵһΣµʱиĸ׽ָ˵ֻΪܹͷǿ
-

171 ؼ

һǼѹ£ԸסܽݹȣȻ
Լ߹ԸǿȣĿ־ԽԽʢԭһֱֵס죬ת
ңҰ
ѾһˣһȲٶˣ
Ըûпʼ֣Ѿең͸õѾһ㡣
᲻ÿˣҪԸڱĻţõ
ǣȻֻؿԸĽǰ߸ϵȡ
֮ǰʹ˻Ըһ㡣
Ŀѡ
Ѿϰ˲ʲôʰ̯ӣڷ־ȲԸֶûпʼ»ӣѾ̲סˡ
ҪҴӦˣҸһ⣬⻹𣿡˵챻ſˡ
Ѿһˣ˵һֲѾһˣӦò̫־ǣ֮ǰȣڻ֮бܺ˴Ż͵ϮģԼȿûκε֪ȶ֪֮ʹ
ڲһ
ؿԸ֣Ȼʶľͻ뵱ȳ鵽ϵʱ򣬻жʹֻ󣬾ܽƷ
ɲһ־жǿˡ
ֱԸǽַǴһ
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ڸ
֮ȽӦˣʱǲҪǲÿԼ
ˣһֱͲˣôѵܳ
ЩﵹҲЩ
ǱߵҲǸӣ˵뷨ǲģҲ˿

⸸ܿɲˡ
ܽԸ߻Լ֮󣬽һۣȴٴγܹ֡
Լص
δһñһŹܹæȡ˹һݵ˽
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ֻ֪ǹϵļʲôĺ
Ӷѡ
ʱĺˣҪ֪ǸһԲϾͳˣأ

ǷĻſ˸ͷͼŽϵĹ͵תһ
Ȼ󡭡
ˣ
˵Ķ߶һͼ֮һ⣬Զ˳ȥһ·Ͼ׼ıܿÿһˣһҶ֮УֻβڼĲš
ȻΧվôˣȴѻȸ
ûпĻŵһ
¥֮ԶӺ¥ſֱֱȥþԶԶؿĴţҲΪˣһֱ
һ֮󣬽ҲûйһûУĹӸܹܣȻſѾ˵ӡ
˵Ļüϣ֮ڣҪ򡭡
Ļû˵꣬˭˾Ļ
֮ǰǱ׼ʱĵ촽˶׻û˵ʲô
ûˣſܽԸ
ǻؼҡ
ܽЦЦ
ؼҡ
һžůĴʡ
Ը߰ɣؼҡ
Ըͷܽͽߡ
ǰһ֮ﻹ˸ǰ˲һΧ۵ȺԷ糱ˮһ˿
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ǰԶͷ󺹳ܹ躸ڿ֮һȻ󻺻ͣ
Ϊ̫ܵ˵ĺǳ٣̲֮ͣסϥϢ
˺һվֱӣ˱죬ĸף
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躸˴
ƽϰԣܽͽΪῪڣȴҲŻףĸס
ܽһƬ
ֻӷ躸ܵģֻ֪ǸոյõϢʹҴ˹һ·ϻ֪жൣԸ
ܽɵ뵽ʱ֪ģԴ躸Щˣ⼸Ը˻躸ںʰġ
һΣ躸ֻҪԸġ
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172 ǿ

ܽ޷ͽڣֻƾӣں޹˼ɵǰǻЩʲô
ڲ֮ǰڽǰҲȴ֣οˣ躸ˣֻҲֹҪԸȵľġ
躸ȻؿԸȣ˵ûҪ档
뵽龰֪ᷢܽʹòԳ֡
ãͽ񶼻ˡ
ܽһҡ
ȻҲ뵽ܽЩΪ֪Ҫ뺢ദںǵǰǳĬӲģʱ躸Ŀǲɱº
躸Ľǰͷ࣬Ȼ躸ԭ뽫ǰĶظһģ룬ȴ䵽躸ļϣ˼¡
躸Ƕܺá
뺢ദľ鼫ΪޣҲֻ˵ɰͰ͵һ佱ˡ
ܽûסЦ
Ըǰ躸Ըû£Ƿİɡ
ȻڿܽͽԸʱ˾Ѿ֪ˣܽ˵躸ȫ
û¾ͺã
ǵõϢܽͽҪ˺һһõϢûֱӾ˳һܻһߵǻ᲻ˣԸ᲻£ļ尾֪
ڣи׺ĸڡ
֮£躸ɵ
ľ˵ǵһΡ
ȥЩ꣬ܳʲô£躸ǰһûйĸ㻤ŵʱ
ܽͽǵİöãĸоʵ治ԭһֱѹͷǿʯͷҲûбһٱῪЩɶˡ
ȻˣľͶܽеĽˣʱϽܽߣܽͽԭǲеģһý񶼲òԱЩô˽
ֱֱۣܽĸףˣ
ʲôԣھǴô꣬Ȼ˽ġ
ҲΪˣǲŻôġ
ܽûü˵ע⵽˽ͻȻЩɫҲ֪ǲܽˣ񿴵һۡ

ΪҪζ״أǰǻúõ
ܽţͼ˹ע⵽ܽĿ⣬һ֮ľ룬صͣôһС
˼
ȴԲˡ
ܽһ
⡭
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ܽǵ˽һۡ
ģô޸ùϵôǿҲˣȻΪôµ
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ָӵ飬һûöҲͻص
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ܺԵ£ȻҪ֮ġ
ȸˣҲ

μУصĴŴ̧ͷԼдšֵҶϣ֧ûˡꡱֵеʱ̲סͷһ
ҶѡȡϵȵľϴɣǾôҶǲòҶأһΪӲ
֧Ϊ׼ꡱ֣һ͸Ҷû뵽Ҷ֮ľ֮Уֻβ档
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ŹѲǴ˵еʮʯǿ
˵ǽ˱̫ˣ
֮ǰеĹ׼ʱ;õˣ񿴵֧ǾãԼʱֻǴӹŹһȦ
Ҫ˵ûп֧ʱ򣬲ͷнңŻ֮ͽǸ֮¸Ūȥڿ֧֮ȴٲκεĽ̬ˡ
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173 仯

Ű費ǣҶͶģҲѽ
ȻøȻʹЩôҲȲ˰ôһΪС룬ãʹܹ࣬һ̵ġ
Ϊ֪Եһ磬ͱ̧ŵſڡ
ӵϢʱһһš
ܽ˫ĿЦĿⲻʱӵɨżùӼЩǰԵĲˡ
ȻֵܽԣڴܽӵʱԵøºͣűȸջʱҪ˼
ӣ躸һİԸڷ֮С
躸ŵûʲô仯ԸֻͬҪǾܹоõ֮ǰ˼ı仯ġ
һҪһֱ仯ǴžܽͽǰҪֵøøһЩǿܽͽ͸һǰδй
֮еı仯
ԸͱͲִСûеõԸĸĹػ֮Щ˿£ҲֻҪõܽĹעѡ
ֻǺʧˡ
ʱ˵Ȼܽеı仯Ҳ
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ԣȾͽܽ
Ը£һֱĸĸ׻ټϴǰѾܵܽģı仯Լܽͽ׽Ҳˡ
ԴˣܽȻǼΪĵġ
֮ľŬú׽ǵõԸ½׽ܲأ
ĵͬʱܽҲۺǡ
ȥЩ꣬ĸģںȷʵĿǷֻŬ̶һʱѣԸͽǰе˺ˡ
̫£ĸ׵ģȻҲۡ
ţֽܽĿ䵽躸ϡ
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躸ԭҪȥǶɳ϶΢΢һ٣ȴҲû˵ʲô
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գŽһͽѹòҿȴζģǻ֮飬Ҳˡ
Ը
˵ĻԸﾹȻЩź
ҪûǲǾܿȥˣ
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ף˰ҿɵúúȥԸ仰ȲľһС뿪
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躸ǳԱһʱҲˣǲļԡ
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ܽ躸ŴʱѾΧ˲ٵˣҶסڸľȨ
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174 Ǻӣ

ֻ첻Ƕ˵ȵȻû취ôͺȫˣ˼̧ųģһȻҲЩ
֮ѡʱΪʱ磬ҸϳȥŵľѾˣòϳȥŵҲʱţᱻ̫˷֡
ˣҲÿЩô
֮ôһβͣ˵ùԼ̫ˡ
ס⸽˼ңھжһĵλЩ֮УҲǰֻΪ֪ʥЩЩҲѡˡ
ڲͬˡ
òһס⸸ˣһƵòȹ֣ȱϯ
ǣ˼ҵһСڷ⸸٣ģֲµʲô֮󣬱Ŷֲֵ̬ͺ˲ٵһ֣ȻһʮʮٵģȵɲͱΧô
ȻǷǳŭġ
ѹŵͷѾܵˣô֣֮񲻾Ҫ˾ǵЦˣ
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һΧ˺һӶ̲סʱ˲ŵȵ˳֡
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Ʊǿβ죬⸸Ҳֻˡ
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УԸ˵ûûȻҲֻԼ˵ˡ
Ǵǰⷬٿ⸸Ըضֻаˡ
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Ҳиĸ׻ŵˣλȥĽأ
ԣԸûΪĻЦһûĻ⻰˼ǣ㻹Ǹӣ
⻰Χ˶̲סЦ
ס⸽ģļҶھ൱ĵλǰȻΪʥ⸸ãȴ˵Ҿˣ˶εıԼĳ
Ѿʮˣ͵ɣ඼Ѿף˺ӣˣ˵ԼǸӣȻ˵ȥġ
ӱһЦɫѿˡ
Ҫǰƽյ飬ֻѾˣԼһѿɫӲľͱúͻΪת̫ͻأôһֹĸо
ϼһЦֶ
Ըû˵ͽĻˣȻͬΪûǴĻƺ飬һֶ˰ɡ
ԼʱΣԸ󶼴Щ⡣
ȻͲ󣬵Ҳʲôӣε˭һ£⸸ģͷβȴһ仰˵
ˣԸλ˳ǵ⣬Ǻȥأ
ֺγС˺ĸƢһʶľ뷢ŭ

Ҳʱ۽ǵƳܽһ躸˹Ľϵŭʱһţеŭ˲ͱ
ٶȣҲǿˡ
һ򱻼˵̧ŵ㷸µģ֮ǰ㲻Ǿ˵ˣԲĶүһүڣȡõԭô
һ
֮ǰɲ˵ġ
ܿҲ˽ˣȻܿ׹Ϊλı仯
βԸŽһûκԥľ;
Ϊһ˽ǾɵģıѾ˿ڣʺѪЩ˿ڴ̣˳ıʣżΪˡ
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175 

Ǵûܹ
ˣҧǿϺͱϵʹԼı鲻ԵôӲӲһŤЦ
⸱ģԸһ£ˣ㻹ǱЦˣЦӣΡ

ҪƱǿôʹࣿ
еĲʶѹ£Ը˵ЦݣȻҧʹһŵصķʽѵĳԸһүϴǷǲԩ㣬дԭ
ԸվԼǰԼͷòϣǼΪġ
Ҫȴϵʱһû뵽нհɣ
ţڽԸĳҲ͸ˡ
ΪжԼĸױȻĳݣοԸĸ׻Ǿս׵ʱԸܸܵ𾴣˶ԸԼڽǳݵġ
ֻôѵüһΣǽˣһǲ֪Ҫ뺢ദҲǲԺǣԵøĮö֮ģԸǵȻҲֻܱѹĵ
ˣʱڱ裬ǿѹԸܲأ
¶һŽЩЦݣԸ΢΢°ͣӵӣҲ˲ٵأȻ£ҪǲЩﳤԣ´²ٷͬĴ԰ҲĪ֣Ҳֻڰ㳤ء
ҧӲԼû˵ʲô˵Ļ
ˣǾͶлүˡһһ䣬ĳһ㡣
ɴ˱ɼǷҲֻ֮µѡʵָԸء
ԸȻܿó
ںˣܿǰͷѾܲˡ
ԸЦеؿлǲˣܹᵽҵһƬģΪڹ㣬Ҳͷˡ
⻰˵ģΧ۵һٴ̲סЦ
˵ҲʮģݿŶЩۣȴ˵ĻһǶ˵ģ龰ſɲ˾úЦô
ΣһһˣҲֵˣ
˶š
㽫һҧˣܳԼ̣ʲôû˵ĬŴͷ
Ĵʱ˶Ŀɺޣ޲ܹúһźãڣȣžһ˹ԸԸĻǿţҲ֪ΪΣΧ۵֮УôһС˾ȻʼЩˡ
ҲΪԭǰһĻΪ޵һˣתֿʼΪԸЩˡ
Ѿˣ̬ҲŵôͣҶүˣЩˡ
ⲿ뷨
ܽһʱͲЩ˵ı仯ɵðЦһ
ֻ˵벻ԼϾͲ֪ۡ
ЩֻⲻòͷĿȴûͷɲǳԸֻûа취ѣǸûҪԸӴȣ᲻
ƽ޵øʲôһŵģȻ;ˡ
ЩˣžǺ˰۰ɡ
ţܽߵǰԸ㻹ǸϽԭӰɣҪȻ͸óˡ
Ⱥǰ뷨һЩԶЩΣܽҲûе˭ǳɣǶָܽǵıӻ⻰
ܽ״һЦʵҲЩףԩҼԸӶʶ˴Բϴôί۸Ƿ˴ģ
Ⱥ˵ͷٲܽԸ￴һۣ±ܽ
Ըһֱʱܽ⻰֪Ȼġ
ţԸ΢΢һů
֪֮ܽԻ˵ЩЩ룬ί

ʵѹûע⵽Щʲôע⵽ˣҲ⡣
˺ֹǧǧÿ˵뷨ȻҲ̫ͬ˼˵뷨ԸЩֻ˵ָɱ֮߷ˣλһֱúõأ
ⷽ棬ͲԸȴǳϵĻ
-

176 


Ը˵뷨֪ܽԼ̲סĸˡ
֪ܽʱΪλôת䣬֪ϲת䣬ҲϣĸҲǰģ
ڹԸʵǸõĸذĺӡ
ԣܽ˵꣬Ըŵ˵ͷȻĸ׶˵ˣҲֻԭˣϣܹεĴʧ´ΣɲҪٷˡ
Ŵ
᲻ٷǵ˵Կ϶ģε£ǾԿԼһӵġ
Ըˡԭ¡֣˿ŽܽЦŵ˵ͷȻҲѹסۣкߵĻϽϵľȡָѣɺá
ʱһֱ۵ֱĲԵõ˻⡣
ıôҲܳ˲زǡ
ú뽪ܽкһȺ̧ȥ
ȻѾ˽ˣǽ͸ôЩˣ
ݺݵ
֪ʱעǲƽˡ
ЩֵˣѾˣȻҲΧ棬Ҳɢȥ
ȻɢˣӶ򽪼Ҷүһ£ȴٶȴ˳ȥ
̶ʱ֮ڣ¾Ѿˣʵǲò˳氡
˶ɢˣܽкԸˣȻѾˣǾͻȥɡ
һƵĻصڡ
ȥ͡Ժ
ܽһˣ룬ȻڣǾһǼδһʱҪĴ¡
ҪĴ£
ˢˢؿܽ˫۾Щƣ뿴ֻܽһ;ЩЦ
Ҫ̸£ܽôЦѹȥ£躸Ļˡ
⻰躸һ
ԸȴĿ⿴Ȥ˼Բˡ
躸ô¶ԼĻ£ֱȤţ̲סһ㱡ĺ졣
躸ƽɫϲܵԸҪ𪲻٣ҲΪˣɫı仯ȻҲ͸ԣＸ˶ڵһʱͷˡ
磬ˣ
ҪˣԺ𣿡
Ըˡ
Ϊ֮Ц֣һ¾ͱֶܰ
ܽҲ
һֱҪģʵҲѡ
ԸȻȤ躸Ҳ֪躸ƤִܿЦⰲ¿ܽ
ܽ躸ĻѾٽˣ׼ȻҲҪ׼ƸǺ˵¶ܹһԻ㡭
˵Żܽ躸
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躸΢΢һ١
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£ϴ躸ܽ˵
ֻ
躸ȴЩΪѡ
Ȼڽңж֣Ϊԭ躸ȴûϰ䣬Ȼ˵Ҳ㲻ǿ׳һǰûйʲôӴ
ˣ㣿
һ۾Ϳ躸Ϊѣǵ£ɡ
׵Ĳְܰ躸㣬ҲǺõġ
ܽ˵ͷҪڣȴ躸˵ˡ
롭躸һ£ż븸׽ҡ
̣
Щȵؿ躸
Ȼ֪躸ǰǲδӴġ
ȻȣҲûԥ͵ͷӦˡ
á
ҲǳеΣŻ֪ȴӲͷƤӦܹ躸ԵһԻ㡣
ˣҪڶʱ֮ڴﵽһˮ׼ȻǼѶȵģΪˮ׼ֻҪԵ㣬ȴҲнݾߡ
ҲˣŻӦɴࡣ
躸Ҳ΢΢һ
ܽ״ٴʶ躸λҵĹȷʵΪء
ǲ֪Ǵǰ֪ʱҹ˷ϣΪ̬ͬŻὫҹﻮԼ˵ķΧ

һ֣Ȼ躸룬ܽĸ׵ģȻҲֻ躸óԸܵĽĻ²ٰ÷ˡ
뵽˴ֲܽ̾˿
û뺢ദĶӣѾҪˡ
-

177 

ΪĸףԼĺһ쳤Ȼοֿĵġ
ܽ躸ûദã躸ҪˣܽЩˡ
Ȼ躸ˣĶӣһˣ躸ͻԼһСңҲиܵģȹǸˡ
ڣ׻ǲͬġ
ܿ죬ʶԼȻΪˣֲܽɵʧЦ
ţΪ˸ĸģԼĺӼ׵ʱ򣬶ìܵɡ
ͽԼˣ綼Žһϰ躸뿪ˡ
ȵ뿪ˣܽŤͷ񣺡ô̵ʱܽ躸ԼԵ㣿
ٿ϶ĵͷȻܣܲںǵǰ˵󻰣ͷİɡ
ܽٿ˽һۣŷ
⼸죬躸Ȼ˵ʼŽѧϰ
ڴ֮ǰ躸ûκμĻģҲΪˣϰĹҲԵøļѣһֵĻԼʳָָѾƣ˿ܽ˿۲ѡ

Ȼۣ躸ļᶨܽû˵躸Ļ
ǰʮ꣬Ϊĸ׵ȱʧ躸ôԭӦóܵʹ࣬е˲еΣˣȻĨȥ躸ܵЩ˺Ȼ躸ĶĻ˿أǣԸɡ
ܽš
ԣļ죬Ȼۣܽʲôû˵ûȰֹֻǷԸ˳ÿ춼躸ԵĲˡ
ܽΪ㽪̵ٳɵļôҲҪһʱܹ躸򵥵ռǣȴ룬ҲյĹһ磬֮󣬽Ҫ躸ǡ
ǣܽһʱ仹û
˵Ҫ躸Լȥ⼸ϰҿ躸ҲҪյòˣھͿԳȥһˡ
ܽЩԾžͿ躸
ʱҲͬڿ躸Ŀͣ躸츳ܲҲû뵽ô̵ʱ֮ھջҪ졣
˵ܽɵöһۣ˵ﶼΡ
躸ĺ츳ûзЩ£ķչĸûȱʧ㽪Ҫʱڱ߹أҲ㹻ʱָ躸ϰ䣬֣ҪһԻȥףҪѧ
Ͼ
躸ֵĽң˵ˣ书򶼰㲻ͨѾ㹻˱ɱ˵ˡ
ȻΣܽܿͽѹȥ
躸޵躸ôѾõ㸸׵Ͽˡ
躸Ȼû˵ܽȴۼķ֣ĶԭɫһƤȴȻͱ΢΢Щ졣
ܽھЩЦͬʱĪĸж
һ߾Ͷ죬ܽԼ
躸ǳϮ
ðΣܽŽĪѹȥȻЦŵȻͳȥɣǻҪõĻ㣬һܹ׼ˡ
˵ֿ꣬ܽԸԸҪһȥ𣿡
Ըʱ䶼ûôţǰջΪЩţȻлᣬǳȥɢɢҲǺõġ
ԸһЩϲ
ĸף𣿡ʵ
ԸȻû˵˫͸¶һ˼
ǻ˴ǰֻŶѣԸ߾ˣλڳ֮ǰȥʾܽ뷨أ
Ըȴܽ׽ǰȻҲͲһˡ
ܽЦʲôԵģ
̥Ťͷ
ĸ˵ԣǵȻͿԡ
⻰ż򵥣ȴ͸˼ΪԵǣԸԶܽ￴һۡ
ܽײŰµɽһ۵ĳ嶯
ʱͷȴ΢΢һ
ĿӵһһͣܽһһûһйҪεĻᣬһһȥߣٿ躸㣿
ܽ̾Ͷˡ
ԹᣬǺϧ뺢һÿһ̵ģȻҲ뺢һС
ο躸γҪȥ㣬ǲԶĽȥ׵ʱҪõļΪҪļ躸˵ضżΪҪ塣
ǰЩ꣬ܽûа취躸ߣôڣ躸˵ΪҪϣȻҪ躸ġ
ǡ
ܽĻſ˸ͷͱסˣ²𣿡
-

178 

ֻһ仰ܽͱ˵ˡ
ܹڣʲôӣûǰʮǡܽʵһжܹܵƿ֮£ûķʲôصô
ʮҹˣֻܽ뿪һ첻ѣܹһӦġ
ԣܸܽɴصǺðɣһһߣ
һˡ
ۣһ̲סľůġ
ܽͽȻ˵ˣԸҲɵ΢΢ۣ˫ɼϲ㡣
躸
±ϲû̫ı仯ɫƽʱҲҪºһЩġ
ע⵽һ㣬ܽҲ͸ˡ
ȻҪУȻҲҪٵ׼˱ΪŮڣˮ۽ɹʲôܵ׼һЩõҲҪʰ
ȵȡ
ܽܿͽԸȥ
ʱΣһ˰µЧߣҲһӵĹһһû˵һĻӳѩӳ᰾͹һжѾ׼ˡ
ǣһ˾ͺƺƵߡ
úƺƵһҲΪ
˵һ˳УܽӣܽҲҪϷ̵ˣܽӳѩӳᰣֻ˶һˣ躸ԸҲǵСɺأһʮˡ
˶ţܽѾߵ躸Ըɺ˺һһ˱뿪
ϵЩ˷ܡ
ĸףҪȥﰡġ
ǰҲûгǣϴαܽһȥ˴£һĳУȥĻֳĵطҲǵһΣѹ˷ܡ
ܽЦҡҡͷ㸸˵ҪȥϱߵһƬ«έǴ«έǼ˵ɫ൱ﻹϢĴ㣬躸һܹԵһġ
躸Ҳͬģ˫ȭսǰ˻ӣţһԵģ
ǵ·̲̣ܽϴ˿ʱĸŮѾ˵ŻвˮĵȣҲѰ
ȵͣʱ䶼Ѿˡ
ļһͣ£ҪѾֱƿ˳Ҫ
СЩܽɵõ
ֻعͷҴӦһһ˵ϡ
ڣЩ棬ټҲǶߣûаˡ
Ȼ󣬿ǰһƬߵ«έأɵ÷һ̾
ۣ
ܽܿҲѾǲǰľɫľ̾ҲЩ⡣
ʵѾ«έмˣܶ΢«έΧţ͸ǲļ϶Զˮɫȷʵˡ
ܽľ̾ЦЦǵ˻ƻʱľɫһЩ
ܽԾЩź
ܹһξѾΪˣȻ涺ڣԽ˵Ļƻʱ«έעǿˡ
ܽܿͽź׵һߡ
עתƵһϡ
躸ԸǶ˰ɣܽ
ʱѾƽʱʱ䣬ָһ·Ӧöˣãﲻʣһе۽ʲô躸Ըôõ϶ˡ
ԸϷһ߸ŶӣһߵĸףһĶˣ
Ҳʱܽһӷĺ
ʶΪԸĶ룬һʱͳԸĶӿ˹ȥ
ע⵽ܽߣԸ΢΢˳飬ĸףҵĶڽУ
һ˵Żȴһ߿Եֳ
躸
ͬǰһ躸Ȼһֶû˵ŬƽʱޱӣܽǷ躸΢΢ŵĺ졣
̲ܽס΢Ц
Ķӣôɰ
ȻǶѾˣܽȻᵢˣžкѾһʳ
⣬ȻڸһгǱŷԵģΪ˷㣬ܽҲֻӳѩӳᰴһЩַʳ£ҲһЩˣټϼ϶ѡ
ûܽкѾ̨ŴĹȥˮ˻ʼˮ
ôоĽ˵Щֻټ򵥲ļܡ
ӵȴǾ̾ˡ
ţĶԾıˣȵˮϣǼ򵥵ˣ룬ܽҵš躸Ը뿪ˡ
-

179

ʱ躸Ըˡ
񻹺ãŻ룬躸ԸҲ֪ңͷϻմ˲ٵĲм
ߣܽͼţԼӵϣһֻץһŵ
ܽʧЦ
⣬͵Ҳˡ
΢ЦҲ鷳
躸Ըʱ򶼲ɵ￴һۣȷʵһ㶼û鷳Ϊȥ񵰵Ķ
ûпӵһ㣬ֵƬ«έϢŲٵĴ㣬ʱ㻹ڲѣҪٹһʱ䣬ɾûдĵˡ
躸ԸĵݸӳѩӳᰣѾҪˣֱӰѼýȥҲͲˡ
ˣˡӳѩ
ռޣټһֻǳ죬Ҳûд̫ӵĶӳһԵĿյһ棬Ϸţһ˾֮ϳټ򵥵š
Ҳһ˺ʹ㵰ڼ˵Щ̫ˣԸڳʱȴǴЦݵģͺʲôζһ㡣
⵱ȻʲôζԸܵģ棬һ˳иǴĿְɡ
ܽһ˫Ůͷ̾һ
ǺӰ
Ըȣ躸ʹϳ棬Ҳƽʱڸûʲô
ȻѾʮ躸ȷʵ㺢ˣϾҪףܽȴԸһۺһһЩ
棬ʰ֮󣬽躸߰ɣǼʱѧʱˡ
躸һֻر߬ȻЩŵġ
״һЩõģƬ«έĴܶ࣬ҲԵһԵġ
˵ĿƳܽ΢šüͷ˶٣ֶಹһ䣺ǽԲǸҲˣǳģŴϷɻء
躸˵ͷȻȡĹ
ģҪԻ㣬Ѱļ֦һȥǴֱӾˣﻹܻˣ
ԣ֦Ǿرģȡ˼⣬ֻ¼ˣ޲ͷȷ̫˺
һУ躸վŽ˵ͷ
躸Ҫ«έȥ
ԸӼ躸֦һֱЩģŽ躸Ҫߣԥ˺һ̲סףҡǸһȥɣұ֤һԲᾪģ
˵Żƺ˵Ըգգۡ
⣬ҲͷǰףǸһȥɣǻССĵģһ㡣
˵Ťͷܽĸף˵ǲǣ
Ը̥˵˵ķʽһġ
ܽʧЦȴҲûӦԸĻǿ˽񣺡ǡǣӰ𣿡
˿ԸٿܽӰ졣
Ը֮ܿǰı֤æ찲
һ«έȥ
һգͷϣΪ֮ڼȢΪѭУԽɻ顣
չ֮ʱ֮г㣬Ҫõ㡣
㲢ԣỹҪԵô㣬ʱ֮ʱףҲɲʱҪõһֻ㣬Ҫõ񼸺Զ档
иһЩģҲʱһѡ
ڽδ֮ʱܽЩ֮£躸ԲҪܹ˻ȥֻء
ڣˡ
躸Ȼں׮£ԼԵ㣬иⲻͬɡ
ܽţͼǰĽһƣʾͣ£ʶľͣ½ŲϢ񣬲ҷκε졣
ţɴ΢һЦˣţǴ֮Զء
ܽһۡ
ȻԶţΪ
״͵ЦЦܽЩˣźôͣ
һҲûٿܽǳ躸ָ֣ǰȥԼʮɡ
ʮɣ
ܽЩɵؿ˽һۡ
ôԶľ룬˵׼
躸ڽ˵ĻûʲôɣԵ˵ͷŹǰ
ȻֻŽѵ˼죬ٿȥЩģˡ
ԸҲŵظȥܽǣ̥˫ֺǰܽ˼Բ
-

180 ˲

ܽΣǰ˰֣ȥȥɣǵòŵǸ硣
̥ͷϲ̵ظȥ
ǻûأ㻹ǽ躸׵ʱҪȥģ͸̥м˼ˡ
жûдŵǰʮɣȻͼǰԶһݵֻˮߣںˮ
ԸʶҪʱܾŵЩ㣬æס졣
躸һ˫ЦЦǰ˼žˣĶ乭
ݣ
Ըֻһ֧ȡ˼ͷ޲ļ֦һֻ㡣
⼸ѵЧǷǳģ֧ǳ׼Ŀ꣬躸Ź㲻ʲôǿϾǳѧߣǸһǿֻҲ⹭Ҳǳʹȡ˼ͷ޲˵ͷֻеĴ㻹˹ȥ
Ǽֻܵ˾ţһ߷˻һ߸߸߷𣬲һͲӰ

ǰЩȵصôʣһֻ
ֻţֻ㶼ѾܾԶˣڱ֦˹ȥֻԱߣȴʼջһֻһųһ߷
֪ΪΣȻֻ֮Щı⡣
躸ʱ𹭣վԭؿһŵһգͷϣ֮Ϊ
Ը˻Ȼ
ԡ˼صֻ㣬ӦǱеֻżˣ
躸˵ͷĪҲ֪Щʲô
Ըȴһ㶼ûΪ躸ĶԻƸУ躸ĸ첲磬Ͻѽֻ˾͸ˣ
躸΢΢һ٣ȻһЦݣ˵ͷ첽ǰֻιȥĴ
ֻ㣬һֱֻתȥĴ㣬Ҳһͬ˹
躸һ㣬ΪֻѾˣ
Ըȴָֻ˻ŵĴ㣬Ц汿ⶼ֪ܣڿɺˣԼҲԽ˰ɣ
˵Цеؿ躸磬һΪõòԵһأû뵽ŶþѾˡ
һ㣬ܿͻصܽͽǱߡ
ܽԭţҲ֪躸ܲԵ㣬ôͼ躸һˣǾϲء
ף躸ôԵˣܽЦ躸
躸΢΢򴽡
ԸͷĸףҲôûŴһжһȥֻ˹ȥ
˵ŻԸָָιȥֻ㣬ָָһֻЦֻͱˣȻ֪ܣһֱΧιȥֻתأ˳ָ׽أ
ֻ㣬һأ
ܽһ
һգһֻˣһֻֻûзץ˻㣬Ҳ־ɡ
ϡ
ˣǲء
ܽ￴һۡ
ʱԽһȫµʶȻΪܽǵŤ֮仹ûлصǰܣ֪ܽҲֻʱѡ
Ͼ˳ķޡ
ǡ
ȻкܶǳԼϵģһ
ܽҲ֪ĸ֮У檱ǳ̬˶ŮӱϿΪӣԴ˲ܼʣҪŷլЩ֮ķ÷ܹƴ
£Ϊӣ÷һյ뷨ֻ֪»˵С
ʣ֮߳һ
Щ֪ܽ
ǡ
ΪӣǶԼķȫ⣬οһ㶼ںԼ֮أ
ܽ׾ͼԶԣһǰ㱡壬ȻǼΪ˵ģʱ֮УδķҪֻܿһˣԶٵջ󣬶ܿȻ
뽪ףǽʼսԺõı֪ܽľͽԼ֮еǸغһԵʮǰĶգŽμӹʹò޵ŮӣŻǰ
֪ܽǰʱ˵Ŀֻƾ˾٣ܽʸ֮ˡ
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ƢԣҲûҪͻݴȵҡ
ЯһȻ᲻⣬ǲܡ
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ôҲ뵽һֻ㣬ܽܰתǧصôడ
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181 Ǻȥ

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˺һBȶˣҲ֮ǰǰŻʧ룬ܽʳеɻ󣺡Ϊλڹ
ҲB
B΢΢һ˺һ૵Ƿ𣿡
ܽšü
Bģ
ȻûB빬򣬾B빬ҲùͬС
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ܽģBȻЩ£Ҳִ֪磬죬ҲܵĽеηѹ£˵ԭί
ӵƷʺǧȻҲͲ빬أϣҲûлμǧ硣
ӻϣԴ˶ϧ

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˶ԣȻǼΪġ
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λĻӺϲ
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ĪǣţBܿҪ뽪ңΪ˲Bպĳϳ󣬲Ż̫дBϤĳϣ
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187 ۺ

Ӻ룬̫󶼴˿ѵǻܲ
ĿBһ빬磬εǣʱ䣬ֻBװһԽB͵˹Ŵ
ڣӺżȻBBֻŹ¾ͼˣ˰϶׼ϱһỤBģǲ԰
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BȻСҲɵܽ飬ȻҲͲ֮ˡ
Ȼ̫ܽ˿ͣǣ˭أ
BҲɵšüͷ
Ϊԭֻ֮УŶǼ٣ȻҲûлӴĸӣԱ룬ȴҲ벻һ
ܽ״ο֮֮˷ôľ빬ֻܲ빬ʶܻĿĵģҵűǡ
ֻôһ仰㽫B뵽Լ˵ķΧ֮ڣBҲ΢΢һů
֮УС飬ܽûг֮ǰBֱ޲ôضȥźãܽ˵ǾԼһˣ
Լˡ
Լδĸ
뵽˴Bɫ΢΢һ죬æͷֱ
ʵBǶˣܽȻδжദҲֵ֪ģһֱͷܽҲû롣
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˭ⶵôȦB빬ģܽʵҲûв²ģϾλǴ̫Ŀ͡
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ټϣǰ̫͵ʱܽͷֳԵֻȻȫ϶߳ɵĿܣB֮Ի빬ǳмֽš

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ܽšüͷԺһҪСĽЩܽB۸
뵽˴ܽĿBɨǶ粽ظңܷʲô£Ҳҵ߷Χ֪𣿡
B˵ͷ
ǵͷܽԷ
֮ʱ䣬ܽûȥ𴦣ֻBԭ̸ܽˣҲʶȤĲδǰš
Ҳ֪˶ãֻܽõ⴫һԼĳ
ʥϼݵ
ʺݵ
̫͵ڵ˶˿ĳɣ˵֮һɽꡢǧꡣ
ʱʥ뷽ʺ̫͵һס
ƽʥ΢΢̧֣ǻʺǧҲֻǶѡ
Ƕ̶һ仰ȴҲܽ˿ʥ뷽ʺ֮׽
ʺʥޣʥǱ֮ʱ޸ʥϣʥϱΪֵǻΪۣʺҲųΪ̫ʺ󣬵ۺЯ߹ʮʱ⣬ơ
һ㣬ʥ˷ʺ̫͵ܰٹǵĳݱܿһˡ
̫͵һд䣬ǻگ顢ۺ顢ʺ⣬ʥ֮ʱܰٹٳԼ֮ʺǧ֮ʱڽ̩ܰٹ١أԵʥϵǻ֮󣬷ʺÿһǧﶼ̫͵ܳأʥһޡ
ڽ˰ٹٺĳ֮󣬷ʺŻǰ̩ǧ硣
֮ǿйصģƫʥȴΪ˷ʺĹأۺ֮ĹϵɴҲͿɼһˡ
ĹǣԼٹǣȻǼóʥģЩǺ󹬸˵ǧԼǣ˸ҶԷʺаֲ
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Ҳˣ֮ٹǳ֮ʱģ϶ǹֵġ
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188 

ʺʮ꣬˶ʮĻʺΪʺʼÿһǧգԲٰǧδϹ
ܽһ˵ｻ̩ʱ򣬹Ѿһбףֻʺһ£ǧҲʽʼˡ
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ܽüͷš
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ܽȻ鷢
ԣڹŮϯʱܽδBԶǴBһ׵һϯ
δܽ㳯׵ķʺ˸񣬵ʺ檽빬ֳⷢδĶϱҲ˹⺢ӵС檱Ҳʺָ裬⺢뱾СŮһɡ
ʺһ
Ȼܽ˵ⷢBҲˣǾ˵B빬汾¶
ǧǷʺԲٳֵģЩģδ׼ҵļҾ죬ɻǧż
Լҹ빬ģ󹬣ֻ˭
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лʺܽ򷽻ʺл
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Һã˻ĻҪһ֪Լᱻųʲôء
˵Լ飬BҲǲյġ

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֮ӣܵõ͹ŵĻϲ
⣬BҲɵʹͷ
һ׷ϯһһεǧҲʽʼˡ
ǧ⣬ʵҲǸиŮһչʾԼյĻᣬǼкŮҲҪͨһõĳչһ²Ż֪ô
˵ǧ绹ɻʺֲٰģμǧٶƷٵļҾ죬ĳܹһڻ֮ϣȻż档
ҲΪˣÿһ깻ʸμǧĹŮǶΪһĵ
ĵҷҲ֪ǧϱȻּΪ۵Ĺ㣬ڿǼжӵĻʱ˻⽫ʱѹǧ֮
һÿһǧ֮󣬱Ǹ׵ĸ߷ʱڡ
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ʺԼڹŮǵ鼫Ϊ˽⣬Ҳδԣֻ˵˿ǣȻ˳Ů۵һչʾԼĲա
ԴˣǼΪġ
һչʾյĹŮΪĿȷʵ˵ã׾ٵľܵõһ
ݵǻڻһҲȷʵ˿๦ģһ񳯷ͼ֮Ҳȷʵòʡ
ǻʺǧףʺ尲⸱񳯷ͼ֮󣬸˫⸱īδɵĻ׸˷ʺ
ʺЦúͰ⺢СͿۡ
ȻùŮ
صµʱ΢κ죬۾Զ׼ǼΪ˵ġ
ȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢµȼˢ
-

189 

˵ܽһ㶼þȡ
¶Ϊ֣ҪһֱɽģܽҪǲڰıʲôء
ڡ
Ǹ
ܽ˿
ѯ
ϽҡҡͷҪʲôգҲҪչʾһ㲻Ϊ˸ԼҲܸĸⲻǣ
ȷʵûʲôõóֵĲգǿ϶ȥ׳󰡡
ã϶֪һ㣬ԲŻ⵱ô˵Ҫ
Щա
Ŷ濴ȥͼŸҲһؿ
ܽͣĹϵҲûкõȥÿûٱֳ
ȻҲƽˡ
ŸӣҲ̲סһۡ
϶ûؾһʱ⣬ǧϣ滹зʺ͸λأŵ˷ʺĿ佱ܲôԭα¶ɣûжɫΪׯسЦЦ
һԱȡ
˭ÿóԼ뽪֮Ĳ˰ɣ
Ǹ뷨
ܽҡͷ㺬Цĳ˵ЦˣСŮӣɲ񸣰ճڣԻǲ׳ˡ
Ȼ˳ô׾ˣ߬˿ڴ̫ǫˡ
ܽ˵ֹ꣬˹һĵǹү˼ǣŮȻýţڲʲôģԼȤѧȻûиȤģǱ㲻ѧҲգ˼ңҲھͿǵճԷǺǣ
˵ǡǺǡֵʱָܽ͸￴һۣζ
ʱͱ˸
ҸճڣǿǵճԷˣ
Ҫǿԣֱ޲ҧܽһڡ
ƫƫǧϣֻҪ뷽ʺ˺ôҲ˵ˣ볹׵ķȴǲܵġ
Ϲ򡭡
֣ԼȻܽĶ֡
֪ˡ
ų⸱˵ӣǰһۣ̾һ
Ҫô˵Ƕ˸ֵĽأ˳һأȴһ÷ǰţĵп˵
˺ˡ
ǲܱȰ
ʺûзֳ֮ܽһ㣬ʱЦŵû뵽սҾصԴŮҲȸһ棬Ѫ飬ǶȱĽ죬ĴȸҾжĵ䷶
ۣ˵Ƿǳĸˡ
ܽæŷʺ΢΢һϹر߹ص֣ʵҵʺĿޡ
ʺ󵭵һЦǫˣʥϳԣκһھй֮ˣЩر߹ص࣬ʥ϶ǿģĹͣʥǼġ
ܽԣٴξһ檴лʥʺ
ʺ֮ܽĶԻɫЩѿ
Ȼʺʼնûᵽ븣ǰԺ￴ʺƫܽģ
һʱ֮䣬޵⣬Ǳʮա
ҲΪ⣬ԽԵò
΢΢̧°ͣƤЦⲻЦصǧλøף˵ĶϱܲҲնûаɣ
öһҪܽߵ˳ģȻû취ǾֻгBˡ
ͲˣBǵСӣҪվˣô˵棬ֻ²˭˵ʲôԼŵսսˡ
ǣδӷ˾Ȼôһϲ̨ģҪܽҪôһֱϱ
ôܵܽȥһ̲С
ִܹܽҪٻ飬Ǿ͸ˣʱһҪԱߺúÿЦ
ţǽBţһҪBվ˼
ܽԭǴЦģˣɫҲ
˵ЦˣǰҾ˵ϱС¼ˣ˵ô˵ǰݲˣųҲǧһҪǿѣǰɣܽ΢΢˫ۡ
ԭǲģǧ硱֣ٿ׵ķʺ׻ǽߵĻ˻ȥ
Ϸںͷһºˡ
-

190 Ĵ

һ룬ǰûپBˡ
Bɵóһ
ͬʱܽǶĸм
ףҪܽţ컹֪Ҫô
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ԭδ޺BһĵģܽάȴЩϣ
Ҳ
أ
ҲΪڴBĹâԵҪһЩֻΪһֱ΢ͷģҲû˷ı仯
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ûгļ֣ȻҲܷǵBȥʲôգ֮ȻһЩҪݲյĹŮȺǳ
ò˵ǧԼΪԼһĹŮĳһ涼ǼΪڵģⶼֻЩʮС㾺ݣȻ־ʷ׳֮С
Bǵһβμǧ磬ʼʱBЩС㿴ڹŮǵıݣҲ΢ͷĵ̧ۿΪȷʵʣ֪ı̧ͷΪԣʱԼĵСһߡ
ܽ״಻ЦЦ
BĵСҲûзӸı
Ʋʱʱ͵һ۵ĳǧӰƣ˫оʵĲձݣйǾƵʳҲȷʵ˾òС
ȵеĹŮݽʺͷҵĹʵǶŶգǱˣ˼ء
ʺ˵ˣȻҲͷ׷׿
бָɫǼλŮԼǵĸףѹƣϵ׻ϲɫ
Ҳ֡
ԼŮ˷ʺĿޣǻûϲɫǲûɫء
˲ձݣʺЦŵŵıݿĳȵģǲ绺һ
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Լķժһ֦ĴҲͼֺǣҲҪʲôͷ˭õֻҪ¾ͺˡ
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ڽʱѡľֱߣҲܽڵм䱾ֻ˼ˣҲգգ۵ĹǾʹܽ
ܽҲţôһûͣģǼΪݵĽݸߵ
Щ˷ܣõ֮̾ʹB
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191 

֪ţΪټϴεĽӴܽʵҲͦкøеġ
ңңžЩ֪֪ţܽҲɵЦЦ
֪ҲʲôŤӣǰ֮Ծ޴룬ҲΪôֲôһĹѾ㹻ˡ
ž֪Ŵվǳ׵ķʺһȻŵȻСŮСŮש񣬽һ°ɣСŮɽϼҳ
֪Žһɽϼʱ˵Ĺ¡
ھЩûлԶŵĹŮ˵ĹǼΪǵģҲýζġ
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ҲĲǱŮȻŮͱˣһҡͷһ̾Ϣ
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ʱʵˣԼж棬ˣʱġ¡ǾЩί
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192 ̹Ȼ

֣֧֣ܽܽĽ
ʵϸ룬Ҳûʲôµġ
Ͼû糤Ǹ¡һļ޸Ǹûйֲõӡ
иĸףųţҲٲԼ䵽ľصĻᣡ
һ룬;ԼԪˡ

˵ҲԼ
롣
ԣڿܽ죬ҪڵʱŻڰ֮һץסܽ֡
ĸףûˡ
ܽ΢΢һ٣ͷһȷڰοûˣǷ
ڷĵͬʱڳʹޣȴһ㶼û١
ܽĲףڻʹﳤ󣬶ׯ̫Ǻ󹬸ˣȴҲһŵʥϳΪ̫ӣɴ˿ɼׯ̫ʲôͨˡ
ׯ̫ϥ³ôͰûѧׯֶ̫ΣʹôЩСֶأ
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ڣοû̫ܵӰ졣
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ɲǴǰǸûĸ׻ŵ
⣬ɸԹȥԼԼĴ
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194 

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196 

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197 

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198 Բ

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Ӻڽӵܽİ֮֮ԻһΪ׵ģҲΪ̬ܽȡ
ڡ
Ӻ̲סһۡ
ҪҲڣֻ¶ҪΪǲǻһˡ
ڵӣа㵱İ裿
⼸˵ƢԾôĸı䣬Ϊڽǰ˲
һʱ֮Ҳò׼ȷĴ𰸡
Ǿãαװһ˵ȴαװ˵ģˣ뼸ǰӡеǸˣһ֮ûС

ֻǱ仯Щɡ
Щȷ롣
Ȼ˵ı仯Щ˾ȣô˵ҵ²б㹻Ӻϲˡ
ʵB躸ףȴΪܹϲѣò˵Ҳȷʵʼϲ
ܽ⻰ٿϹϾִ躸жˡ
ٹãҲһˣȻˣ;ֻԼҡʱ躸ôô˳۵ġ
ţĸ￴ŮԽԽȤɡ
Ժ˼䣬ӿ˿ܽ׻ûסʳеʣͷˣΪΡ
Ϊ֪B£һķʽ֪ģȻ׮أ
-

205 ĸ

Ȼ̬ܽȣӺ϶Щϲ⣬ҪǲеԭŪڸ֮࣬Ҳǻĵġ
ҲΪˣӲһҪʸס
ܽЦЦˣˣǸù躸Ѿ˵ˣ֮ͽ躸˵躸û˶˻飬ȻҲᣬҡ֮£ҲĴ
һֱ뷨
ܽһ˵ϵۿ̲סһ졣
Ϊ˸ĸģںҲԼĶŮϥһһŮʮ꣬Ѿˣ͵ʫˣ躸BĻǰҲףò϶ʲôŮʼϷĲ¡
Bҵ;вBʧˣԭBֻǱһСľЩȴҲǶׯ󷽵ģҲһ֮ͱ⸱Сģƽʱ˵涼Ҽš
úһŮһۣһ־ԼûпBŻᵼһеķִΡ
ҲΪˣBĻϣȻҲ͸ӡ
ǰһֱBȥᱻ۸ǧֵ֮˻飬ֱʱܽ˵һ䡰Ĵǿһֱŵģ䵽ʵ
ĵһж̫ᷢˣ
һʱû˵
ʱȴվܽͽڵķһˣ£ǷȣʵǶԲס
Ȼ򸾲⣬ҲûҪ˻˼һ˰ǵģ£ȷʵòô䡣
ԣܽ⡣
±ڡܽǿ֮²ŶµģҲ֪ġܽ躸һ׮ûаʲôģвŶµ£ܲҪӺ»ԡܽϲɣ
򣬾Ӻ֮ǰ͵ĵBûĳ£µǴ˳Bûԣο¸֪ܽأ
ܽBδĸδĸץסİѱǿ֪ģB޹ȥ֮žԲкӹ
۴ķӺϵûκεĴ
ܽ΢΢ҡͷˣΪ˺ӣ˵أ
Դɫ
ͬʱȴǾȡ
ˡ
ɲ͸˸Ƶô
ڣӶǵ˵ӦҶŮĻأʱܽŰ軹Ŀ⼸ȥˣôת䣿
ɲӲ档
ȻҲǾȵģ˵ҪľBܹúãһܽ⻰ʱӿ˾ϲмﻹܹ˵㾪ȣ
˵ǣŮծ϶ʱǰĲ춼һߣܽ˶Ů
ܽҲ
ദʱ仹٣һŴĸ֮ģҪ뺢ദҪοǣҪѧĻкܶ࣬ﴫھ飬˶أ
ǣܽԹԵһ߽ĵã˵һЩ֮£յļΪг
ȵBõϢѹʱ˾һʱ֮侹ѹˡ
Ϊǹ˻ģڡ
Ҳ񰡣
Bдɻ
ϿBʹȥB˵һˣѾͷۿź죬֪ǰһôѹأ
Щ۵BŤͷܽЦˣҼѾͷǸʵϵģԭһպ˻ᱻ۸ڿзĸõŵЩ
ǹάҲBָ׼ˡ
ܽЩЦ
ĸ׵ģԶŮһȭȭ໥ģܽǲϵСĻ
˵ͷҷſıǡ
Ȼܽû˵ʲô֤ĻȴѾˡ
ʲôˣ
ǧŻʺķ۲ţлʺﲻͲŵܴ˵ôһ仰ﻹܲ㣿
ȻǰЩ죬ϻԼ۾ܽ뼸ǰ˼ת䣬ǰġܽ˵ڵܽȻſˣĲ˵ǲǰĵᰵ۸Ůġ
˵ˡ
ҲΪһ㣬ԴҶ£һֱŵǿʯҲǱ
-

206 ʥ

ܽ״Ҳид
¸ĸġ
Լ㣬ˡ
ĸ׵ݣǺܿҲ׽
BЩ׵ô£Ϊܽ׵ģžòԣҪ׵ģ׺ĸλῴˣ
ԡ
׵ģ
һ뷨BľͲɵá顱
׵ġ

ţBĿⲻ֪ľ䵽ܽϡ
BĿ⣬ܽһ̾Bͷḧ˸ǰҾ˵Ȼûдκ˾ñǸں˵Ŀͷ飬ֻҪԼ˵ĿЩ޹֮˾Ͳ˵ֺ
ܽСӾ͸㣬׵۹ǵ뾭ѵģҪһֱں˵ĿܰĻ
BЩޣ׻סˡ
֪ΪΣܽᡣ
ϣܽ˿BBȷʵĿȥǷˣȵܽͽ躸ǵʱϾȻ
˽ܽ͵Ҵ⡣
ʵϣͣҴ⣬ʱʱעҵ
ܽǰ㣬ȻŹһ죬ǧϷ£֪ȴǶѾ֪ˣ֪ò˶Ҳ֪
ԣһң֪жٴǰͶBĺֶʵڵſЦء
Щǧ϶Bٰάǿ϶ֻΪԱΪ֮ȵ˹ûй˼ɣôȢһϱ
˿϶׵ģ
˶š
ֻǡ
˽ܽͳʱɵЦ⣬ЩſЦ˶ɵɵˡ
ֻ˵ģ֪˱Ȼ׵ģҪף˵жĲЦ
ǣôأ
B¶ѾֵǧȥˣһߵƢô̵أ
ѵľǧ˵ҵĹɢˣñ˾ˣҲŻΪŮ׼ң
ⲻBڵ˵
ֻ˵ǣôűĿ
˶˼⡣
ôЩҲ֪뿴Ц˼˿գǽټˣֻҲø߿ֲǡ
ҼȻûףٹ£Һ׼ˣҿɲ͵øˮǴô
Щ˵ٸӲˡ
*
ܽȻûпЩſֵˣҲ뵽ͽ躸һˣܹﵽʲôЧ
ʵϣңܽͽ񱾾ǹЩƳģΪľЩֻ֮һЩ
ܽͽ֮ǰ˵ֻҪ躸Ը£BδףBҲϱ
Ϊϱױ۸ȥ
ܽͽòŶʲôֻҪȥһˣⱾѾ㹻ǵ̬ˡ
Ȼصܽǧ磬ȴ̲סЦЦ
ǧ磬ǿɶǾǹ̨ÿǧжٵĹǧž롣
ɽꡭ
ǵĲձȷʵܾʣΪĺһţģȴļδ׵Ĺ㣬BѾ׵ĴŮ
⣬ǧ翪ʼ֮ǰ˶û뵽İɡ
Ҳ֪ЩҪ˻Ĺ㣬Լǵļгǣڽµĳ᲻޵ġ
˵Ͳòǧ֮µĺˡ
ǧϣܽ˷ʺ⣬˳ŷʺ˼˷ʺԼʥһɴóΪ˸һЩܽڷʺǰЩˡ
Ҳǧ֮һ磬ʥϾټ˽˵Խһͨİһų
֮գ빬̽ׯ̫ʱҲ֪εľ뷽ʺִñʥײ
ڳԷʺ󲻾ʥȻΪŭһŭ֮£Ȼּķظ˻
Ѹڳк;Ȼ󲨡
ȻϿǻҵļ£ﻹܿʥϿɲΪ˳ײ˷ʺ˴󶯸λ𣬶ΪǧǰBˮ
Bǿǽδŵϱ֮ԻᳯB֣ǿɲ˵ô
һʱ֮䣬˶ڰţȷʵʥ衣
-

207 

ǰֻ֪ڵģҲֻܴʥ϶ݣԼʱʱļ̌ʹܹ
βһ
ʹģȴǻģĻҳʥϵİãׯ̫ļ
ֻʥΪ˳ΪķأܿʥϺ̫жóˡ
ڣֻΪǧΪ˽ѿ⻵ҹʥϾȻŭּ֮ķض˻ȥ
Ҫǻ˵жʥϵĳţǻΣ
ңʥϲջ˳ķأίʹˮһ̧
յôʹͣȴǴʥּ֮ʹŽգ˵ǰԵʹˣǹĹˣҲûһġ
һȽϣҲ͸ܿʥ϶Ŀˡ
ûҹҪԣ⻹ǰûз¡
*
οģȻǲ֪ģʱڼ˵ŭ֮Уйȥοջ˷µģ
Ȼֻ룬Ҳ֪϶кû
뵽֪ԼΪܽǺ˷֮󣬻жﰵЦԼ
ԼԵʵ൱ѵ֪ġ
һֱڣ֪һηġ
ֻǼܽѣԲŻ֪B֮Ϊȥܽܽǧ϶˵Լܽ棬ҲֻܽЩѣûĽܽôôڶķأ
ΪأǳΪ԰һ¡
ӾԹ֮ӵзصģǶһݣʥϵŮʺճķҲûĴġ
κεʹͶܹ˵ʥķ
ÿÿ뵽һ㣬ܵЦ
ֻҪڣǻ֮еλȻĳ
ңز֤ĵλһܹÿ궼õĿСһ˰
ڣķȴ˻ȥ
ֻҪһȥЩ꣬ÿõٵ˰ڵѪһ㡣
ûЩӣׯ̫ţΪٺǰЩǰأ
룬ջ˷֮ͬλ᲻ڰнкãЩֻֻıͺ޵ü
һС
Ϊܽ
ܽ
ҧְ˺ü飬׻ûס
ҪʥҪ֣ΪΪôһС¾˴󶯸ɸ꣡
ţϴѶȲҪ빬
ɳߵĹŮȴɫ
ôΪջ˱ķأǾͿԽĻǶԷˣһڹŮǣ
ڹŮȻҡˢˢعһƬ
ǻ汾빬һ䡣
˺һƽóصһŮŵŴּĹ˵ʥ⼸պúڹ
ʡ
֣Ůڵӣûֱ˵ڡ
ˣҲ㹻ŭˡ
̧־ǰһֻ÷ƿŮ˹ȥ
ŮҶ㣬÷ƿ˸ͷѪ
ŹŮһƬ죬еŭ𲻽ûб𣬷ʢҪѲɻ˸ţ
˵꣬תʹȥ
ĹŮң㣬֮£׻ֻ׷˳ȥ
߳Ժûãӭ˹
ѹʥϡҪο
ƽգضἫΪСᣬŭţκһ˶ֻĵĲ˳ȻҲһ
ԣû˵꣬һƱ˹ȥ
ž
֮ϱѸٵĶһָӡΪŭ̫֮ܿľͱú
ÿΣһſεʱֺףһԵİӡǱ
ôһ˲䣬΢΢ŵӿֳΪµĺ⣬Ҳֻôһ˲䣬ͽЩеѹȥ
·ԼѡģҲȥ
ңԼǿųܹȻˣڳôίҲֻˡ
-

208 빬

ܿͽˡ
̧ͷﻹһᣬһٵĳģҪǲģ;ܴҺˣֻҪùģôġ
˵ͬʱԽСС
һ˵ٿӣͷҲӿһЩ⡣
֪Ǩŭˡ
ʲôˣ֪ԼĲԣҲǾԲֳκεڵģǳѲд
ᡰߡһ
볤һô꣬ܲƢԣֻ֪ʱʲô뷨ˡ
ԣе鲻䣬ȴס˳Ƶֻ֣ϸϸһ֮˿ûϵҲעⲻҪ˵Լ֣ҪȻһ۵ġ
㲻α
еŭ֪ľͱ
Դϴҵ±֪֮ʱʱСᣬǰҪúÿǲֻڿӦˡ
ţָǰһЩˣ˸ĨЩҩɣ빬һˡ
˳ӵĵ˵ͷȴҲû˵ʲôʥϴ˿㷴ʡĻ
ˣǾ˳ˡ
ȻĿ֮УһڵѾߣƺƵ˹
빬ǲҪͨģһ·ͨľ˹
ûмȥʥϣȥ˴
ׯ̫ɱԼĹﶼҪڣûׯ̫󷢻Ȱ˰֣Ƕ°ɡ
ׯ̫˵ͷ
һڵĹŮ̫Ӧȥ
ȵ֮ûˣ˵ׯ̫ĸǰĸɵҲܽǧЩСִѣѹǲʹģôܾҵķջȥأĸѲڻֵһûһܽҪ𣿡
˵Ż뵽ԼίˣܽΰЦԼۿɷ˺졣
ȻҲʮüˣŮѾҪɼˣׯ̫ֻԼǸӡ
ׯ̫ҲԶǸĺӡ
ֱˣӰɡ
ųίׯ̫ȻۣųֱοɵӣֿһĸͬãȻģȱżĸͻֹǺú⵽ô¡
ʥּµͻȻׯ̫һûеõ̫죬ׯ̫󶼻ûüúùأ볤һ𾪡
ׯ̫һ˵źۿ˵ͷ
ׯ̫žʹ˹ȥѰĵۡ
ĵ۵ܹΪ̫ӣһǻΪۣׯ̫˵ǹûׯ̫󣬾ĵΪأĹʱʹ֪Ϊʲô£ĵۻǷȥ˴
ĸ󻽶кҪ£ĵ۹ûһߵĳ
Դ֪˳Ӵ󵽸Ҿռ˰֮󣬾ĵ۶ڳһֱΪŭ
ׯ̫ͳɲ֪飬žĵ۶ԳӶﶼһ
ׯ̫߻ˣ֪ĵһ֮ʱ̲סʵ֣ҵʲô㾹ȻҪջҵķأΪҺ֮ܽСС֣ܽǹŮҵĹʲôʧûУֱͳЦ
Լķأίģׯ̫;ĵ۵棬
ׯ̫ųˣۣܲæĵۣãҲôһ㣬Ѳɻ˶𣿡
˵ͬʱׯֱ̫ӵһеܽȴҲϲ
ĵʱȴЦһĸǻ֪ЩʲôɣǧδĶϱˮƵ˵ҪȥſӵĻܲ᲻֪ĻǴ˳ȥĺɣǶϱȥſӣúĻʵۣǲǾҪΪǧָˣ룿߹صĽָ룿
ׯ̫һ˵
Ȼֻ֪̫۳˶ѡ
ʱȴһ˫ۣ֣иˮ˵Ŀɶģ
-

209 

ֻñ
Ȼܽû˵κһֵĻѣ˵ĶģСﵱɢˣһ˼գ
˵滰ôûأ
֣С¿ɲұģǵ̹BѾ׿˵ģѾҲǰѣ
һ˵ĵׯ̫ɶһۡ
ׯ̫ʱѾʵ֪ĵۼȻѾּķջˣ¾ٲתأҲûȰ˵ʲô

ׯ̫ΪǧϻὫҹ¸ҳֻǵΪ˹ȥڿУֻǻűµġ
ĵۣҲׯ̫ͬ뷨
Ծĵ˵ȻΪصĺΪŭӶ˳ķأֻĵֻջطأȴûͽܿΨһͬãĵҲһ㲻صġ
ǧһоĵۺͷʺķеģ˵ǱϣһӶĵһջصɡ
ǣⲢĵ۾ӱʲôƳˡ
ãԼԶʩԳͽ䣬Ҫƣȴǲɵģ
ĵۿ΢΢۾̹ҹѾߣô
Ҫ˵ɺϣĵǲŵġ
ĵһʣһʱ֮䵹ǽеίʶʱѹȥЩ֣ˣ
ã
ׯ̫;ĵ۶šüͷ
ôҲǻҹ棿
ûע⵽ׯ̫;ĵ۵ı飬ЩԵõصĸ󣬻֣ǰЩӣҳɢĵʱײһݵѾͷԭ˽ߵģȴ˵ҵѾͷ
֪ѾͷҵˣЩȤɴͽ˴˹
֪ѾͷҲ˵ѣֻҵѾͷBѾߣɾͲˡ
ڷѾͷ˵ʱһ£ʲô͸Ȥˡ
Ӧ˵ܽйص£ܸȤBܽδĶϱܴѾͷ֪һЩB£˵ܴЩϲأ
뷨յģ󵽵ǴѾͷõҪ֪Ķ
ѾͷӣңǰȷʵBѾߡ
ֻǰҲBʮһ꣬ȴǱ˳ȥ
ڷԭ򡭡
ǸӣҵѾͷ˵BһʧˣղűѰأ֮ӾͱСҪ˵ʲô¶ûзǲŵģһҲֻʵʵ˵ѣֲǶˣ֣ɲΪôС¾Ͱҵķջȥ
ĵۿ˳һۡ
ų˵ЩֻؼȻѾջˣ;Բٸȥ
ظ˳أĵбЩԸģֻǰׯ̫󣬲Ųòͬ⡣
ھĵ۵ģԼ·һˣǸãҲ޷̵ġ
ûгغ£лջطأҲԥȥοǰˡ
ԣʱص£ĵ۵ɫһ䣬˵޺ĸţ˵ܶסڿ𣿻˵һϵ׸ҲȥĹӣ
Ȼ
Ļֻ˸ͷȻֹ
ܽ˽⣬ܽǲġ
ǣʮܽ»ƣȴֲȷˡ
ܽ࿴˳ҲһˣҪлᣬȻֵÿܽù󣬵ⲻܽܽȥĹǰĺˡ
ҪǷ¡
ܽݣֻ֣ҲᱻָҾ졣
ʱͲջطؾܽ˵ġ
ɵҪóʵƿһΪܽųĿ޷ġ
ؿׯ̫Ҫׯ̫õһЩ֧֣ׯ̫ȴֻҡҡͷȻׯ̫Ҳ֪ԣûҪųĵ˵Ĵ㡣
ȻˣҪǣׯ̫֪ʥּ£һж˶֣Ȼˣھ˳Ը˵飬Ѳɻþĵ۽ʥּջ
Ϸԣɲһջ
-

210 ˣ

գһֱĵ뿪ׯ̫ûٿ˵
ּĵλҲׯ̫;ĵˣ˹ʶټҲûκõġ
Դˣײ
ҪͷˣҲͲǳˡ
ǣ۳žĵ뿪Ҵׯ̫˱𣬾͸ں׷˳ȥ
֣׷ϾĵۣŽŵ֣㵱˵Ļ˵ģһúûңһӶ棬Щ㶼𣿡
ĵһ⻰ɫʱ
˵ûЩǾĵ۵׿˵ġ
ĵ۵ϵλʮ꣬£Ĺ֮ȵʱڻҪǿʢ֣Ǳ߾ʱսˣΪ֪ã߾ϵķҲδİǴٿѡ
һλ˵۲ŴԣҲ޲ɣʵһ˵ֻˡ
УҲһЩɵġ
ׯ̫󲢷ȻʵԪȵ۵Ԫȵ۵ǻ֮ްˣҲδã֮ȵһֱδʺй֮λ꣬󹬵ĸҲɵʱׯׯ̫Լȵۺλóһġ
ˣʱķж༤ңҲͿ֪ˡ
ȵλԵӣ󹬵ķҵĳ̶ָһ̨ףϾǰֻǺˣżλӽľˣ˵һҲǲΪġ
ʱׯ̫ȻҲܳ裬滹иܳĻʹڣľĵڻ֮ȲռֲռĸҲܳһ֪ⳡ֮Уʱׯ̫뾰ĵʵռʲôƵġ
ʱõģǻʹĴӺ͹Ķӣʹ͹ܳ裬һǳƣӱˣɾԵüΪˡ
ʹׯ̫;ĵ۵Ĵڣ׻ǰĳЩ˵ۡ
ĳһΣĵׯ̫갲󣬱ׯ̫һš
һŵģеʱžĳ
׾ͱׯ̫ţȵСŮǰǰҲǼΪóģСƢͲ̫ãֶ¾ĵһĸͬ׸磬ׯ̫Ծĵ꺮ůģﻹǼΪֻþĵׯ̫Ĺذ
һ֮£ׯ̫ĵۼԵĲʱһʱƢ־ͽĵǰıˤ˵ϡ
Ҳɣׯ̫һֻѩĲ˹èڳˤ֮󣬳ŵһƬʱֻ˹èȻȴǳ˵ķˡ
ȵׯ̫Ҫĵ۵Ǹʱ˾ͻȻֻ֣ѩĲ˹èڳԹϵķ֮ûһĹ򣬾ȻûϢ
ж
ׯ̫;ĵۼΪµ롣
ׯ̫ڹҲô꣬ϵľȥȵۣȵ۹֮ǰûκ˶ϵķˡ
ﾹȻ£ȵ˵ǼΪŭģԵõϢ֮ȵۺܿ͸˹˳¡
һͲǶžĵġ
ΪķˣҲֻоĵϲǵжһǾ綾մһ㣬ûҽţǾԲܳŵҽϹġ
ׯ̫;ĵ۶²ѡ
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ҪǳʱƢ˾ĵ۵꣬Ǵž綾Ĳȣľͻᱻĵ۳븹УλкĳΪ̫ӣԼǻΪۣ
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ȻĵЩܴԭׯ̫Ŀ󣬵ɻԵǣΪĲԸ⣬ׯ̫Ҳܱʲô
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Ȼ󣬵ҲСµĹҲ٣ЩСû۵ʸ񣬵ص֪µģȴʼն㲻ҶԣٲȻԼ˳Ĵܼҡ
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˵ˣùܽȻΪ˱˹ʹͿǽһⷿˣǰʧûС
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극ʳΪӶ͡Ժ˳ȥֽѾǶˡ
ܽһۣ˵ҪʳѲֻкҪʳԼͲҪˣ
ԳܽЦЦˣ֪ģֻǸڰˣҲ㵥ദһѡ
ܽ´һۣʵŪʲôë
ǰһɱӣǶӣҲûжٻ˵ģôǰ͸˸Ƶģ
Ҫǽ˼⸱ģ˭˵Դǵģ

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214 

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216 

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ΪӶԼĴףҪǽ֪ˣֻһʱҲŪġ
֪ܽڳŽĴףʵҲøڴ׸һ
Ϊʲô
ȻΪܽԶӱȶҪˡ
躸ʲôû˵أܽѾųȥˣʶûʹһ£ô붼ýЩᡣ
ȻǲԸ躸ж飬ʵϣ躸ϲʵǺܸ˵ģǰЩûо׵ΣȻлᣬ躸ҲϲȻҲ⽫Լ֪һж̸躸
ϾҪϰıԣֻǿǲеģսϵĴʵȻܹջ
⾰Ҫ˵ڽЩĴСսۣ˭ͨ˽Ȼǲѡġ
Ը躸Ƕܽһ躸ֻŶӣ׵һȥЩ

Ŀ֮еĵλд
ʶһ㡣
躸棬ôᣬҲֳϴЦ⿴躸躸Ҫоսϵʵջ࣬Ҫ⣬ʱ䣬ÿյ鷿ô
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ܽһᡣ
ģлȴǽ񣬽ôܲأ
Ҳܽоòƽʱл˽֮躸ȴֿܽһ٣лĸס
ܽ˲;Ļŭš
ʲôװģ躸һ仰ǰʱͱ׵ԶԶˡ
ںĲ躸ĸлΪĸףΪԼĶŮ뱾ǱܣûҪжŮǸлܽںģ躸̬ȿʼ˸ı䡣
Ȼ躸һĸӵĿ껹Զţô˵ʱʼѾһõĿͷˣ
⣬Ѿ㹻ܽĵˡ
ЦǺǵصʲôֵлģʲô׵ģ㾡㸸ףһ˽ģ
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217 

躸Žһ£ܽͽҲû躸ֶ躸鲻Ҫ̫˱Ժ
·ϣܽһֱĴҡҡͷô¾͸˳
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躸Ϊܽܵ˺˶䣬躸˵ܹ˵һлżΪҪˣɲǽ˵ġô¡
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ܽǿĵƺʱҪģ׻ǲƻܽĺ飬Ҳû磬ֻһԾܽĻա
һ·͡Ժ
ʼʱܽûع͵ؿԵˣôˣ
޹صˣǱԺҲҪȥ
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ԼȢϱȻôҲúŵġ
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ңҲ֪ǰ֮һֱ飬Ϊнİݶѡ
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ܽԡʰһʱܽģﻹڸԺţʱ䣬ÿԹȥԡɾѡ
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뷨ٶʰãص͡Ժʱܽûʰء
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˵Żܽڽһ¡
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219 Ե

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ܽĿֻԼݲˣ˵ֻһټ򵥲ĴҲ㹻ƪˣοʱͬһŴϣֻżΪ
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ⶼûȥôǱܽأ
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ܽԷ躸˾͡ԺҲֻȥԷ
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ܿ죬ſʼ躸ҲԸ͡Ժ
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220 Ľ

ܽ״ɵʵԸҲһϲ
ԸҡͷĽҲѸȥĸףҿɲϲ
˵նģΥ֮
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ҲΪˣܽ躸Žһѧϰʱ躸Ż¶ΪԵϲɫɡ
ΪģֻǿԸѧϰԼϲĶҲΪ뽪ദ
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Ĵĸ֮ģһҲܸı䡣
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ţܽԸͷ࣬Ŷĸ֪ˣԸһҲ븸׶һЩദ𣿡
ԸʱԲһ˫۾һ仰ѿڶĸף֪ģ
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ܽûüشԸأһԿŵѾһѱסܽĸ첲ԸЦص磬⻹𣬵ȻĸԼ۲ѽĸ֪ϲ⣬ϲʳϲƫڵĲˣϲɽҩһ㡣
˵Żܽĸ첲ϲ˼£ʮ
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ֱģָܽԸĶͷᵯһ£صѽΪǵĸѽ
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ұ佫ңӵױϰ䣬ʱˣǵ躸Ը⡣
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221 ϰ

ܽѯʱԸͷĵһ뷨ǵЩڡ
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ţʱûΪ³ԿŲϰ䣬ҲͲʱˡ
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ʵҪǶгϢĳһƾԼ㣬ˣ۽кαʣĸ޷ӻǵʱҲ޾彫Ҫٵзꡣ
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ŽǾս֮ϣûκ׼ңһֱڡ
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ҲˣЩ躸Ըϰ䣬һֱݵ̬ȡ
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˵ܹ꣬ٳϿҲؿܽ
ͺⷬģʱϹһ
ܹҲ֪ԼϹЩסţϾԺȻ󲿷ֶ˾סÿܻһΣһݣɾڲ֮ǰء
ǣ
˭ùүҲѶѽ
ӵķԸܹԭлøأүصƿˣ˶˿ùүᵽ͡Ժסˣ˵Źүͷ˶㴺ﶦʢﻹ߽أ
뵽ѹû÷˵ͬأ
ܹ޵￴һۣĿвԹЩͬ顣
˵ǣҹүһڵˣû֮һ
ܹܽһۡ
ܹΪҴʱȴܽȻĻҲȷʵýйү꣬ǡ˽үɡ
һʱ֮䣬ܹܶЩ⡣
һܹͷŶãõģ˽
ģΪԼΡ
ܹܵķӦ˶٣ܽ׼˵ЩʲôܹѾָŻǽ˽ʱͱģȻҲͲʲô˵ĺʱˡ
ȵǽܹܺͻ£ӳѩӳִѾǽúֻ֮ʣ˷޶ˡ
ǰһѽܽתһȦܽһ
ѽʲôңܽŽļ硣
Žܽ
Ȼܽ§ڻ
ϱá
ƽʱ񶼻ܽΪˡϱӵĳƺܽǵһɵЩˡ
ɴҲԿжˡ
ܽһ
ʵ
Ҳֻͬ͡Ժѡ
ûļҵŮܹԼķϵ𴦾סھ˵ǽĹһУȻҲɽ
Դ֪˵֮£Լʮ֮ܽʵܵô˵˽£֮ܽ⣬ֻΪݶѡ
ܽʵҲϸ˵ģǵһμʱΣΪʱѾȥ̫ˣҲȷʵû̫ӡʼ벻׶Խ˵ʲôýôá

òϣڽݣʮļȺʵǲݵġ
ΪŮӣֲӵһԼһһķأ
ܽʱҲ㽹һ˵ġ
֪δ᲻䣬ڣб֣Ƿʱ㽵ġ
һĳߣķҲʱʲôһֱԶԶƿأ
Ͼ
ʮ꣬ܽ˵ҲֻǱ۵Ķ̶һ˲ڽ˵ȴʵʵڵʮ꣬㶼ۿۡ
ʮļأôܽȻҲͿڴһʮ꣬Ǽʮͬļء
ֻΪĿܣΪʲôܶأ
-

223 ܺ

ԣŻ˳ˮ۵˽Ķ˽
ʱŽһáܽһʱ֮侹ȻЩεº֮У񳤵úãµľս룬ֻ⾰ŮӣǿȢģȴƫƫѡһһֱ
ܽţڽĻУҲܺá
ǽʮļ֣Ͳһ죬ûܹ뺢׽Ŀܡ
ǰΪԶһף׾ͿУĸν˳׵֮⣬ֻԼֳӣ֪ƫȫܽǻ̲ס룬жǲǶǸһ㱡ҡ
ˣǺ뽪ףԼ뽪ĽܽʵҲûжڴ
ţǽһգҲԶһ㣬ٻмӣĸһֻںĺǣҲþ͹ȥ

˭ֲӵȫȫĸأ
ܽȻҲˡ
Ҳ֮󣬼֮仯Ľ֪ʮ䷢£ܽǵδȴǶЩڴ
ҲĿڴһ£֮δأ
δڴܽŽ̤һԭ
ȻܽһֱͷĻУδܽʱı飬ȻΪĲܽϵı仯
ڴ֮ǰܽǰЦŵģʼϸоεľУ֮䶼Ǹһ¿ǽ
ڣǶεǽȴڲ֪䣬ͱȥ
ǵһΣеĸܵģȫӵ˻ˡ
*
֮ļգԸҲĸŽϰ
ܽԭΪԸϲ֣ǰЩҲûЩǺҪϰǲмȥĺġ
ҲΪ뷨ܽŻԸǰ˵ᶣ񣬲;ϵĻᡣ
ܽû뵽ǣȻԸͲƽʱҲ氮֣ĸŽϰ䣬⼸ôôۣȴûпһûбԹҪˡ
Ըʮ꣬罪ӻ·ɳŴĥ˵̫ˡ
ҲΪҪɾͣҲҪͬѰŬС
ȻԺԸȷʾҪϰ֮ԴԸҲȷʵǼΪûκҪˮ˼
ҲΪˣȻֻǶ̶̼գԸܵȴһ㶼١
мΣﻹŶԸȴѾ˯ˣɴ˿ɼжˡ
ԸܽھͬʱҲοġ
ĺӣĺģֺγƾԼ⾰أ
ܽȻǲܰԸȥĿۣΪڵĿۣڽرԼܹܽģʳ¹ˡ
ΪܽмӳԺãܽʱ佫򵽵ʳ׶˻˴˾иĳӶʲôóĲʽоüӿܻϲģͺƤֲס
ǲ׶ѣڸŸҲʵ㲻ʲôֲ׵ܽλˣǾȥ洫ģԱܽŵ˼ңȻ⣬ȴҲΪôС¾ܾܽ
ܽʱֵĲףȷʵǲ١
ҲΪ£⼸գǶʼ֪̫裬Ѿ˼ҪĥԼĳպץסء
֪ĴԣԸɶЦ˺һء
˲֪ʵ飬λ᲻֪׺ĸ׵Ĺϵɰ㲻ǰء
ĸΪֺøײѰôĲף
ǣҪǽдЩԵ˿һҳԷʱ׿ЩζʱĿ⣬Ƕˡ
ڣΪλ
ǺǣȻΪĸѰЩףѹͲΪ˸ѽ
ҪĸΪ˸ĸ˷˼˵ζĲˣǻֻڸ׵ҲܳԳζ
ԸֻҪһĳ̲סЦ
ν֣ϰļΪࡱôЩͳΪԸеġ֡ˡ
һֱȥܸܵ⡰֡ǲ޹ϵġ
Ը躸Ҳû˵Եĸоı仯
ңҲϲı仯
Ը̬ٷֻǶܽͽսܿˣһҲ˵˼仰躸ܽҲܹоõʱ˴۲죬ЩĿ⿴Լ
-

224 ȸ

ܽϣŬһ죬ܾܵġܽǴǵ˺Ӱ
򡭡
Ϊһ֢֮Ǿһ˾ʹ˷ֱδҲ̫ɱˡ
ܽʵҲԽߺǡ
񲻸ʵ飬ǵĺ̫С֮佫͸¶֪ܽ׵û˻Ŀܡ
ڣѾˣܽҲˣٽʵߺǣȻҲͲʲôˡ
ܽһֱû
ڽʵ߸˺ǣҲԴǰЩ꣬ܽǵͻΣȻ˺Ѿɣ֮ܽѾγɣ֪˵࣬Ҳܾʹܽ׽
Ȼˣ治ߺǣʵҲûôҪˡ
飬ĸı䣬ܽ˵һ
һֱŬЧġ
ķǰҲţ躸ҲһԸһ׽ġ
ÿÿ˼ˣܽǶ
ˣһΪʲô͵أܽЩΡ
Ȼʾ䣬ܽģӣʲôأ
ܽӿɻǰأ
Ϊ֪ʱܻ
ܽƫͷŽֶ᣺ֻ룬ȵǶ׷Բԣжϥʱֵľ󡣡
⻰ʵЩϲġ
ᳩδܽǵĽڴģ⣬ȴǰδйġ
ܽĻ£ǽԼģΪϵĸǰı֤˲ܴϵͷӦ˻¡
ɴˣܽжˡ
ҲΪģǰǲôڣ̬ܽʵǿġ
ԭΪܽеʱ䣬ж֪ܽһֵиˣֻû뵽֮ΪʹŮӶᣬûȽأΪܽǻ֢֮˳ʮķ롣
Ҳǵܽ¹֮󣬽ǵȵܽԼǵԵڴ
ڽ˵һϲˡ
˫֣ܽģһܰľˡ
漴һЦ
֮˵躸Ը⼸
˵ֶЩЦݡ
躸ԸԸѧϰ䣬ȷʵˣڿ躸Ը츳Լ֮Ǿϲˡ
躸Ȼ˵ȴǳ񣬴ǰֻѧȻҲ˼ִֹۣнϸϸ̵ţȻҲżգĽȴǷǳԵġ
Ը躸ûôϽϸ˼ϰһȴǷǳ츳ټкģЩֻҪܼȥҲδؾͲɾ͡
֮躸ԸȻǰ;ȴǿڵġ
ܽͷ΢΢һ롭ս
佫ֻһ˳ң躸Ըܴӹңҳ𽪼ңǿԤǣٹ⡣
뷨ʵҲпԭġ
ܽǣȴ΢΢ҡҡͷˣ֮Իѧϰ䣬ҲֻΪԼԸڣǽҪʲôȻҲϣܹڽе𴫳нҵΣҲǿǣһУͿԼѡɡ
˵Щ˵Լ
ʱĽ񣬶ϰսǷǳųġ
ǺܽĻѣսɳŻʮ;ͳΪսϵһԱ
սⲻǳڵʱĽԼԸҲǲѶΪ֮
ҲΪйһξ躸Ը뵱һòԼϲ¡
ڽҵĴС
һֱʢ̫ƽǣûսҲͲҪˡ
ң㽪佫Ҳս˺պչͣΪ䣬ûκһ޿ģû˽ңû˽˵һںʵʱΪһս
ûнԼ̫Ҫ
ȻҲ޿ģֺαĶԼϲأ
ԡ
ʲôҲͿԼѡɡ
⻰˵治ˡ
ܽĻȻǼΪġ
أô竵ӵܣĴʱҲ˵⡣
ƫƫȴ˵Ļ
ͼദʱ䲢ܽʱȴʹϸܵǴȸ֮ġ
-

225 

ܽд˺һŵǡͲϣ躸Ըܹ̳нôȱĴͳ𣿡
˵ϣ
Ҳ̤սУԾ񣬲֪ϵʲôΣҲ˵ĽΪʲôŽʮս
ȻΪͱĶֻһ·ߡ
ڽҵĴС
ˣֻҪڣǽҾڣҵĴҲͻڣǣǽҵĽ֣ܽ
ܽͻȻЩж
ǰʶǸʵЩʢڵĽ񣬾ʮµĥ£Ѿһǿˡ
ܹɺѡԼĽж಻ף֪ܽ
һܽŵѡȨǵ˵Ƿþϲأ
룬Цˡ
һֱھϲΪҲΪǵĺǡ
˵Ż洫ߵ
ˡӳѩ
ܽſڣ£
£ӳѩҲ֪ͽ˵š
طˣܹ˴ǹˣʥϵĿ͸Ǹһˡӳѩ
һˣ
ܽͽһۡ
ЦЦǧǼµĺ
ܽͷ
ǶһΪͻȻ֪B£ⱾЩΣ˵ⱳͻʲôΪ֡
¶ѾֵʥȥΪ˳ķضջˣʥƽµķ˶ʥϲܽɵ©˹ȥûм׷ѡ
ʺȻ˵ˣҪ¸һȻͻĽһ
ڡ
Ȼнˡ
ˣ߰ɣȥ͵ʲô
ܽͷ
Я˹ȥ
һλһʥ߼ܳŵһλƹ
ܽͽŻƹ񣬻ƹźЦˣʥۼҽ͹
Ļȴδ˵
Żʳǵķ΢΢⣬лʥϡ
ƹ˵ͷȻѾ͵ˣۼͻعʥϸˡ
ܽƹˣſ˻ƹ͹Ǹˡ
һԼ˫ʮĹǹѾߴ磬òŵҲʱȴǾţǱˡ
ܽü
ûв´ĻѾߣӦ̹BǸѾӣңų˵ӣһʱײڵ֪ӣҵˣŽ֮˻ȥŴӣҵ֪BϷ¡

֪ܽڵBһ֮ӣҵѾ߾ͱϷԶԶˡ
ϲһ̵ӣBʧϣӣûдΪ˽ϢѹȥҲǽӣҴ򷢵ׯȥӣҷһԶȥ
֮ԻΪB֮Իʧ٣ӣһεġ
ӣҵBѾߣB꣬ԭӦñBҪȲǣʵȴǣӣҲûΪʹЩͳЩʱʮBӣҷʮһ
ֳŮҲϵֶŮޣǡǶʱѴڼҪŲص̰ӵҪЩʧޣܻѴڳĵ̰ӣľ٣ȻҲҪ෱ӵĹ
£Ȼһҡ
ԣһϴһ˫Ůصҡ
ϵҲھǣڱžҲԶΪͨΪ㣬ҲԶһ·߹ٵӦ²ǡ
ȥʱҲȷʵ˳һ··
Ҵ˰£ϸˣŴһ˫Ṳ̊Ϲ;
ھǣǳٶȲ죬Ĺôǹ˵ģϼһӱ뿪ԭ͸ûصǣҲǲɣų˱þ˴꣬Ϊ;굢ʱһٵʱҲֻһСϡ
Ȼû취ϻؾˣҲֻôһ˫Ů˿ջס¡
СϷBٳţȻûϷģ֪Ϣ֮ϵֺһͨĿ󣬺ô˿ڡ
Ȼ˿ڣΪһ˫ŮİȫϲǴеļҶӣҸB߷ţһܽBߡ
ӣҵϵ棬ȻǴӦúúõģȵ˿ջȴΪϷԣֱӽBӸһߡ
ȵӣҹ񫣬ͷBʱȴB֪ʲôʱѾӰ
-

226 ӣ

Bʱʮ꣬С֮УľͬʱҲ棬Сֻ֮ҪһЩССֶΣ׾ٵĽ֮ߡ
Bˡ
һ˳ͼҶǼһߣΨһBߵӣһϷԣѹûע⵽BĶһżΪơ˽ŵĴʹָԱߵӣBؼҡ
BӦˡ
Ȼһμʶն
СûʲôţǹӽBˣҹ뿪ϣҪ뿪һ֮ǹ;С⣬BץŻŪЩ·ũľӶBʲôˣ޷
ũҲȷʵǸˣBԼһڶ͸Bһ·Ÿϵϡ
ʱ϶Ѿˡ
ֻǴźǻһҶѣȻͽŮŪˣңҪӽҪԼ
˵ҪBҲˣʣ뱲Ӷ֮С
£˲ĸһ·B˻ϵʱǺεȵĸм
һֱڣôȥˣ뵱BũҶŽܵϵʱǴûٹ
ӺϵȻ֪ũһϵܸõѹµ£ô˵˼ҾBʧŮ֮ʹǶøж
Bûһ֮ǰֻѰŮȻҲ͹˲£ȵBƽˣſʼʧְЩ
׵ģȻӣˡ
ͼҶǵʱȺһߣ⻹пԭӣҿһֱBߵģȴΪϷ̫˶BӸһߣʹBͻزˣζ̵ġ
ԣƽ˼ΪͣûеȻصǣ·ӽӣҷ˳ȥӣһҪ֮ԶԶġ
ҲҪǻ˱ҵĸѾֻͱҹˣĻᶼûС
ԭΪӣԶԶķˣһӼͲٿܻصǣȻҲͲܽȥ
뵽ӣҲ˾ǣ֮¸˳
ӣλصǵģмʲô˵ֱʣЩܽҪ֪ˡ
ܽŵڵϣӣңصλصǵģ
ӣϵľŸһȴǱյýģʲô˵
״ܽĲյ£㹻Ӳʲô˵Ļ
²ýԼЩͨѶ˶ֻ֣լеֶΣҪӣ־ᶨ˵ʵҲټ򵥲¡
ӣһһ
ȻܽƽȴĴиоΣա
ԣûܽٿ˵ӣҾͺԥĽ֪¶˵ˡ
ʵӣ֪Ҳࡣ
֮УҲֻǱеһӶѡ
ӣҵȷʵԶԶģַ˴ѾͷȻҵõңǵصǱȥһܳС檵ġ
С檵ó裬ƢҲóúÿСӣҾͳúãһСȻҲͲܿ˳ۣС檵ʵǳ˲ٵĿͷ
ЩͷٻŴǰBʱΣӣҲС檣ǲ֪ĽBˡ
ҪBʧˣڻңᱻС檴Ħأ
ӣԼ֮B˹ˣӣҿȴûаģB
ֻ˵ʵ١
ӣΪҲֻﰵĺһ°ˡ
ϾڵǾܾټǨǵģСߵѾߣҲ͸ܸŻصˡ
زǣ˵涼ţﰵһ£ֻʲô
û뵽ǣʱ֮󣬾Ȼ⽫˳͵˾ǣ͵˳ǰ
ĲƽԼBĺ⣬ӣҺԥľͰŽλֵĽBʧһһʮĸ˳
ǸܽõģץסİѱҪǲʲôǲء
ˣǧϷЩ¡
ӣҽľ˵꣬ܽĽűͷˣūʲô֪ūҲǱвģū澰ɡ
Щ֮ԣ̲ܽסҡҡͷ
ӣҵѾͷʲôǶûдģĶǱˡ
-

227 

ܽ˼仰ȷӣûѣҲûʲô©ˣſ
ҡҡͷ˴á
ܽͷȻӳѩӳᰣȥ֪ܹͨܣ˽Ѿͷ͵ȥ
һҡ֣ԭڲϿӣһ٣Ȼ޺øˡ
ū澲ȥңȥңˣˡ
ûܽ˵ʲôӳѩӳ᰾ʹӣӣҵ콫˳ȥ
͡ԺԺţӣǱ죬ǿֲݣһ̧־͸һƣʵ㣡
Ҳ´ˣֻԼҷ˵ɫ֪Ѿͷһʲôõġ
˼ƣӣ֪ԼĿûκãҲٲˡ
Ҳ˵ڿӣҺʲôķӦ˶ȥ֮󣬿ܽϴǲǶΪʲôƲȥһ𣿡
ܽ˵ͷ
һֱｫӣ͹ﶼûʲôΪûв鵽ء
ֵǧǰһʱ䣬볤ֳߵúܽ
ֳ
⼸ܽת˺üȦ
ҲܽļԲãǳֳ˵Ĵڸоô͡
ȵϥкüλֻг뵱ʥһĸͬλǱĹ
Ȼǻҹͬһף֮Ҳͬġ
糤볤ֳ
ֳĸֻһˣں֮Уλֲ˵͵ˣҲ˶پˡ
λ˲ó裬빬֮ҲֻȵһΣҲһΣȻУʮ»̥֮˳ֳ
ֳʱȵϥµĻӹѾüλˣȻҲͲôϡ᳤ֳĸǸȵ۶ôˣҲֻǽֳĸΪ˶ѡ
ֳȻǻѪ֮ȴδõȵ۵ƫǳ֮ʱûеõһţŻǵʥϵǻ֮ҪӷԼֵܽòŴµģôҲʥϵȻѪ񶼳˳ˣҪǻŶûУǾЩЦˡ
ֳȵͲܳ裬ķȵ۵λŮȣȻҲһȡ
ȻҪ⡣
ֻǷԣǱҲˣƫƫֳķȻǡ֡ʵ㲻ϺãҲ֪ô£ֳԳ֮ͲôãûŹأһغˡ
¿ɺãûҳһ˷
ҲΪ˵ۣ󣬳ֳʹڹӼ
ǸܳĹһ궼ܼһΣûдڸҲˡ
ܽӡֳֻһΣһԶԶһۣû˵һ䡣
£ܽãʵͦס
ܽǵãֳҪ곤꣬ܽ뽪׵ʱ򣬳ֳѾعһˡ
ʱֳˣܽüֳҲ߶ˣ
ΪֳĴڸ̫ˣܹ֮ܽռľǸЩĶпɲģȻҲͲ֪ӼĳֳȻҲʼˡ
ңǺͳһ
ԳֳͬûʲôӡӦ˵ڳ֮ܽŮӣûжӡҪβ鵽˳ֳֻ˶
Ǵǰ꿪ʼֳһĴǰӼżҲ߶ˣƵȴҲǰʱ俪ʼȥĵطǳƽ˻鵽B߶ʱ򣬳ֳҲǸϣ˻ֳȥѰB
ܽ΢΢۾
Բˡ
ֳĸֱȵۼݱ֮ʱֻǸ楣ʥϵǻׯ̫ϲȵ۵Щʾ⵱ʥϽŮȵ򷢳ŮһŮĲһȥһϣ֮ǲҪׯ̫ĸǰˡ
ֳĸͱֳӵ˹
һֳ꣬ĸţ֮ǰԸϣܻؼ翴
ΪĸһԸֳټ빬ʥϣϣԷĸļ簲ᡣ
ԭ񲻺ϵġ
žƣʺ̫꣬λֽϸߵڣһЩλݲߵɣֻڵ긽ɽˡ
ֳĸԭӦɽġ
ڳֳ빬ʥȴˬľͬ
-

228 ԩ

ȵ۵ڶ࣬ǵ֮ڣȵ۵Ԫ󣬽ׯ̫ް֮ꡣ
ȵ۵Ԫׯ̫ȵ۵ĵ֮лλλָһЩȵ۶ǲ¼˵ģֳĸ㣬ȵδݱ֮ǰͲóҪҪᵽ긽ȵǲġ
Ȼǿп޵ģֳ󣬵ʥȻҲ˳ˮ۵׼˳ֳˡ
ҲһǸСֳԭˡ
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䲻ֻ֪ƾⳤֳܽΪѣѾ㹻ˡ
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֪ܽģǳ׵ʱ򣬾вٹ㶼񣬹Ҳв˴Сء
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ĵۺׯ̫Զֳ֣޷ǾǲΪ۸ֳˣܽҲͬýմ¡
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ֻҪֻǶԸһֳѣܽһ˾͹ˡ
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ܽϿɻŰ衢ͨء
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229 ŭ

ܽǴ֮ˣܺܿľڽվȽŸҽǰģ뾩ЩǴùϵ˰ȻҲܴóֳ¡
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㳤ֳٳ˵ʲôӣҲأ
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230 ƽ

ֻӳ֮Уֳʱ䣬ֻǲùˡ

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װŴ͵ĸ˼ʱһ㶼⣬ǹĹܽһ磬ġ
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231 

ǸȻǼΪģƽô裬ʱ̲ס¶һЩɫ
ܽƲ죬ЦŵδĶϱ档
ȻԵʲôû˵ά˼ȴԲˡ
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232 û

Ҳûܽȣܿ죬ֳ͵ˡ
ڣֳĹˣȻ˿
ҲʱҲڽܽ
Ϊû׼ֳһȻܿܽЦŵ˵ͷ
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һԱȣȻҲ͸ˡ
ֳǰ֮˿ҲΪûмųҰˡ
ܽЦЦֳջߣƽ̵ĺ˼䣬Ѱһ¡
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ҾȻǰĵĽǸѾ͵ĹӳĹһȦɲڸֳ߳
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ڳֳĬŵʱڵŮǣʵҲ͵͵ش
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ڸж֪ͣˡ
Ҳֳ꣬ȴһ֮ǰĵ͵ʼʱʱĳھеĸ֮У£ԵøĻԾ

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촩һɫȹűƽĻҪϲ죬ϵɫȴ㲻ϲ죬һ鲢ôõӡ
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ҪǰƽʱƢ˶ӵʱȻ˭ӶֻŽ˲ܺá

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Ҫƽ硭
ššüȻвʣ׻˳ƽĻ˵ȥɩ˵ʲôܲأ
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ƽ˿
ͬӦģгֳ
ųֳңȴǰЦһ
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233 

ţһ˿ɫ
ׯ̫㣬ֵĹ˵ľٶҪٲô£ǰ׳һԴˡ
ȻʵҲܲµĵֵĹʲô޷ҲԼְˡ
ԴǲΪġ
ϣɶһͬĵˣ𱻳ڹһѵȻ֪࣬ȻúýгֿԼǲǵˣ
ԣȻʱǰ뷨б˳ֳһۣ˼ȻԲġ
ֳ״ͷΪ֮һ
ǰΪٽ죬ʱŪȥˣڿȻֹ̫ˡ
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ţҪҪʱѳƲǰ뿪ˡ
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ƽΪˣʱȻǰ·ֳΪһֱŲţȴ䵽󣬱ҪƽǣҲҲκεĻˡ
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ߣҲǳֳʱΪ֮ˡ
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˵꣬һﳤȥֻ³ֳһ˴
ܽһĻˣȻߡ
ֳŷ֣ԭǰڲֻͳһܽ
вһ
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ֵòȳޣΪ壬òôҲѿݣܽ˾ЩѵЩòô⣬ЦţҲܽ˿ֳʱ̬ȻȻľܽ۸˵ĸо
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á
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234 Ϸ

Сǣ˼
Сʹ඼ʮͣȻͲ󣬵ҶھǣʱʱҲܼ棬໥֮ЩĦҲģ¶Ѿϯˣ˻Ų١
ǲڴеġ
Bһ𣬴˲֮ʱʱһԷ̵ƽѾǸߵBˣֻͷԡ
˵Щζɹġ
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͵Сڼʲô£Ҳ£Ϊǰʱǧ磬ǵ¶Ǵ˾֪ģҪҲ֡
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ĸ˵ˣҪ˭Ϊңȥ˭ҸϺúðݷһ£뱻ĸ԰ݷã
ҸҲؾˣҪȻҸĸһȥһˣ
һ˵뿴ЩҲֻ˵ЩỰĹǧǣﻹٳԲѷ
ǿɶ֪ˣϴҪΪĶүɶӸβˡ
˵һ鹣ֻǷϴĹȡأ
ҪǽеԼҸϣǼҵ鹿Ǿסġ
ˣ˭ȥǰҲڣ
СҲֻͣˣȥﴥùͷҲ֮ǰЩĿBˣҲʵB˿
ԼǲѾ߲˵ģֻܳԺóԵģɲκεĿBһҪһֱѾ߸Bˣ滳ɵϯȥBܳϼڡ
ĸ״ҽ磬ɲӵġ
ţֽѾ߸B˲ˣȻ㣬쳢ˣζǲ
һ˵ŻΪеĲܽߣعͷܽЦЦ
ܽҲ
ֻǰʳܿ൱ˡ
ܽҲջߡ
Աһλ׵ķˣܽԷ;ȥЦŵ˶ԸϹﵹһƬȭȭ֮ġ
ܽ⻰ЦЦȻĿĳŶıڶĳ볤˿ȥֱĿջüǿɲǣڰںҲˣ˭Ҫ붯ҵĺӣҿҪƴġ
⻰ð뿪Ц˵ģǰ⻰ˣûĽ⵱Цġ
ǧϷ£Լֳ˵ľٶһʱ֮䣬Ҳű˼
ֳһ
˵Щʲôܽı飬ָܵΧ˵Ŀ⣬׻û˵һ

ܽԭΪųƢǰͲھͷˣΪƽ˵ͶʱѹŭҲ̫ã˵ϯϾóûˡ
ȴû뵽Ҳ֪ôģȻǷŭѹˡ
ǲˣǡ
Ҫָġ
֪ģָܽڴˡ
ڴУϯƽ˼λʹϷȥͷСŸСȥ԰棬ȻתûôƣȥϢķǡ
ʱ仹磬λĨƻ뿴ϷԱ㡭ƽ
¾мλԼһȥĨȥˡ
ĨҶƣ󲿷ֵķ˻ڿϷ
⿴ϷĲƽϷݵϷҲ뿴볤׽֮ĺϷ
ҲΪˣڷ˱㶼ƽһȥʹõϷ̨Ǳߡ
ƽһС¥˵ƽӺõ࣬޽һŴԿȫ򿪵С¥ΪľʱܿĴľ£һС¥ڶŮǿϷȴٺʲˡ
Ϸ̨ʹС¥ǰĿյϡ
ƽϷھǶ˶һһˣƽϷӣݸԵˣЦŵλҪһϷҪϽˣҪȻƽһˣԼҪϷûǾҵĲˣ
õϷӵλƽʱϲϷֽϷӵݸһˣһƴǫ飬ϷӾʹܽ
ܽ˿ϷӣдϷƽʱҲϷֻһ۱㽫ϷӺϣȴû˳δԱߵֱӵһξĳ
-

235 Ϸ

˵ƽλҲͦĵġ
֪ܽ볤Ը⽫Ƕ˵λŵԶԶģм˺üˣҲ
أгֳڣܽĹע½ͣƽⷬţҲû𵽶á
ǵ볤λԲ̫ƽԭҲҪԶԶģû뵽ǣһҪץųֲˣڿεİ֮ȴֱ˳ֵȥ
һѲɻɣ
ǣҲһ
ֱܽԽм⼸ˣϷӵݵ˳ǰҲϷ˵Ϸ糤ȵһϷ
ŴԣŮǶɵܽ￴һۡ
ˣԿֵĲ´ѽڳıôһѣֻֻλεİˣ

볤Լ볤ֳĹᣬ˱־Ȼˡ
Ҫǻǣֻ»øأ
һţŮֲԾľͿʼڴʲôĺϷˡ
ǿǰϷӣȻܽϿһۡ
ܽųЦЦһҲͼ
뿴Ϸôˣ
ܽϵǣľٶûκεıʾһЦݣȻϷӽ˹ȥ
ףû
ܽü
ܾãųһۣЩζӣȴֽһʱ֮塣
ֻܽ΢΢룬Ҳͷˡ
ܳôģֻܿϷˡ
ܽ°
Ҳֳ߳Ϸӷһ£ȴûеκһϷϷӵİ˵Ϸǰκة˵дһĻϷ£
Ϸӵİ΢΢һ㶡
Ҳȷʵô¡
ǰκة࣬ʷǿ㲻ʲôˣ£ˣеȨΪԼı˽£ǿ˲֪١
κة˿ȻǸ޶ˣɶķ˵ȴǸ۲۵ĺɷ򣬸һֵиˡ
λκةȻòףȴãʱҾΪƶʮϾһλŮۣ䶨˻Լδҵ֧֣ǾԲܳͷġ
λκةδôĶݣȵ֮¶ٶĶ£ԼķޣȴǼʮһյĺãҲ˴һա
һգӵмӾһ檣ӵұ˵ʵ̫ˡ
ҲΪףԼʹκةʷһƬ䣬ȴŨīزʵһʣʹѾȥ˼꣬ʱʱܹŮκةķʱĽ
ƽϷھȷʵΪӽ£ֻһϷӣҲ֪˼ɣʹκةдһĻϷҲֻκ֮ǵд
鰮Ϸ˵ʵЩѵǴ֮õġ
ĻϷ֮ͨ伫ܻӭҲûбдϷ֮С
ΪˣʱʣŻ⡣
û뵽ĹˣȻҲ֪ϷӵϷ
Щ뷨ֻתһ˲ܿ㱻ѹȥųΪصع˵Ļȷˡ
ŮҲв֪µģʱҲЩȡ
ϷֵһףڳæҵĽϷӽסʱȴͷԼָȾʺޢЩĵصϷͦȤģϷɡ
ĸҲӦģӦһǡ֮󣬾ȥ׼ȥˡ
ʱϷ̨ϵĺϷ㿪ʼˡ
Ϊ˶֪һĻϷ֮ǰϷθȤЩˣϷʼ֮ҲüΪ档
ϷκةȽᣬκةʱλȨأαֳ˵ӣҲһЩ˱ŸָĿκةߴգ߾κةˣŷκةˡ
ΪЩ£κة֮䣬ҲĲ졣
Ȼˣǰλκة˵ûоЩ£Ȼ֪£ϷдϷȻܹ˵ȤдˣϷҲȷʵʮֵľʡ
ȵһϷ꣬ŽβʱκةദЩˣ˱Լˮǧֻȡһưļڷϱ㶼ЩȻ
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236 

һյĸ飬ΪŮӣ˭᲻Ҫأ
ǣ˵ﶼǻùʶ󣬵լ֮У˭ĵأ
ҵλԣּ˸ŵģԽ֮͵ʱʱ˼˼ǵģӲİȵҪ֮ʱΪûеҷԣҪЦȵĽ檵һӦ˶׼׵ģһ˳޵ͻݵңʵЦ֮£ȴʱʱڵѪ
ҵƣǻһ㣬ǷҪ檣ҲҪȵõҹԼǰһС
ңҲǾԲҳޣƽҪԼΪҵġ
ǡ
һ棬Ѳɾܸ
ΪŮӣּ˸ţ֪̫ܣ˭ܲϣԼķԼʼһأ
ҲֻһõĻѡ
ҲΪˣʱϷ̨ݳĹ˵ĴһնͷĹ£ڷǲŻ˸п
ǣһӣ˺Ҳһ
ΪŮӣʵҲѡ
ҲֻܳΪ롣
ڷǶΪȻš

뵽˶ɵܽ￴˹ȥ
Ҫ˵֮һܵõõĸĻһ˰ɡ
˵ĳôҪ˵òҲ˵ģ飬ʮһյİô֪ܽˡ
ǰʱ䵹ž˵ѾˣλҪأʱı֣аˣҪ޵ˣ
ǣϷеκ򸾣Щأ
ţٿܽʱ͸ӾĽˡ
ڶߣܽȻ֪Ϊεģϲδ¶κεĵɫȴҲɱ˽
Ҳʱ򣬳ָ
ΪŮӣκة֮Ĺ£ʵ˲òĽЩп
⵹Ҳװģľøп
˵ΪŮӣ˭᲻Ľĸأ
⻰Ҳɵ÷׷׵ͷ

ǻΪǰôһϷֳأڣһϷˣҲʲôˣ̫ˡ
˶롣
һ̣ͽ뷨˻ȥ
ţͻȻһת˵κةԷ飬űҪЩŮ˶òвǣ˵ּŸ˾Ůˣǲرļ
΢΢һ١
Ȼ⻰˵еڣò˵˶˵ǼΪͬ
˭ûмĵͨأΪң˵Щֻ޲콫үǶŮˣȻЩˡ
뵽ԼҺլЩ£һλ˸͵ɲǼô
Ҳ֪λʲô£֮˵𡰼ʱҧгݵģԶ׼ģǸáվǰԻԥ̧־һкȥ
λ˿ͷķҲĹ˼ɣ׷Ӧ͡
ҶңٵҲͬȻһ²ֻۣʲôù˼ɵģ
Ҳ⡣
ƽΪŮˣȻǲòĻģܽû£ȻҲͲһĸͬܡ
һˣҲͬûмĻ⣬ǲ԰һλϣģʱιȥ
ǳֳ
ܽע⵽һ㣬ɵ΢΢šü
ȻΪƽ޹ʵĵϷȻˣȻҲģңܴĿֳָ
κة˵Ϸڿ˵ġ֣гֳԲôԾɫ
Щϵһܽòһ
Īǡ
ֳеġˡ£Сӣ
ҪĻǳôһȦӵϷҲ˵ùȥˡ

ܽЩɻġ
ֳȻܳ裬ƽʱڸҲͣôҲǻҹСҲǽʳĳģȻФһи֮
и֮˭Ȼǵóֳ˼
֪ΪΣͬʱܽͻȻ֮ǰԼģζһۡ
ͻȻЩôõԤС
-

237 

ܽͻȻǰջ뽪Ц˵ǲзأѲɣľһˣ
ܽЩš
ǰ㣬ֳҲǵλĻҹѾعѶ꣬Ҳھͻᶯ˼ɣ
Σܽﵽ׻ôһӡ
ԣڳͳֳĶıֶ˼ֹע
ͬʱȻҲ⵽˳ֳɫ
֮һҪ볤ֳһΪĿɲܹһʱ俴ɫôڿˡ
ţľ;һĿ⡣
λǵķӦҲ֪񰡣ļˣ޴ڵġ˵ĿԵĳֳתȥű⣬˵أʽ㣿
ʽ㡱˵ЩԾ
Ҫ֪Ϊļλʥϰãǲֵһġ
ԣ˵ǳֳˣλڸвȳ͵ĳֱӳŵģֺһʽ㡱
ڷ˶Ծ͸᳤ֳˡ
һѯֳǷԵĻһȻ˺һӬĵǣǰ
ĻȴЦһƣʰԼǸˣҲֱ׳Ӧ⻰ְ˵Ҹ˵ʲôã
⻰˶һ
ȻͲµˣųƢԣһǲóֳϺÿģҲû뵽Ȼ浶ǹľͳųֳͱȥ
־㲻ܳ裬ôҲǳĽ㣬ͬǻҹôֱӵأ
ǣ𶯹֮ſʼϸϸⷬ
˵
ֳԼǸˣ
ٽ֮ǰ۵ĻҲ˵˵ֳͼ㵽˷֮ˣ
ǡ
볤ֳЩӼҲԻԾһЩʱ߶Ҳµʱѡ
һˣţǳеļأ
ѲɣΪ˳ͷڶѾ˲ףҧ˵ĵز
ǿ֮ǰ£Ҳ񰡣
⣬ôأ
ĺ֮Уֳһ԰ֽ촽ǷŰ׵ģҧ´ֻץӵķ֣ģʱҪιȥƵġ
㣬㲻Ҫſںԣֳ
ǷĻȴԵüΪ
ڷ˵ֳǱ۸˵ġ
⻹ԩ˳ˡ
ֹȥЩֻĹҲûжϲĽ㣬ֻҪֲȻҲǲȥѰֵ鷳ģЩ볤ֳ֮Ľ˶ࡣ
ȻҲܿеĺģ⣬ûпһֻۣؿųֳô㶼óѵ˵𣿻˵Ҳ֪ڷ½õǰ˵
ֳˡ
ˣı֣ԲеӣҲ͸ˡ
ԡ
Ҫ֪ǣóֳ֮ĵǸˣ˭أ
⾩У˭óֳ죿
ֳһ޳ˡ
ڴ֮ǰλ㣬ǲ˵ضҲóЩ۸ˣڣֳ֪˵Ǹܹ˵ķµˣڷٿһĻζ㶼Щˡ
ƢãҲű˵ķֳһģ˽ﾹȻҲʵ˲òпһ䡰˲òࡱ
ųģǿ֡
˵ƫͷȥܽ￴һۡ
ܽͷһ
ǰвõԤˣٱһۣǲõԤҲ͸ˡ
ûܽ˵ʲôʲôѾعͷȥȻô˵棬һʯ쾪Ļ
֣Ͻſһգ׷Լϯɣָǰʲô޸ԾԻָҳϵ£Ŷã𣿡Ƶص
ĻأֳʱһƬžͬʱ˵ĿⶼԼͬ䵽ܽϡ
-

238 ҷ

ܽʱֻûˡ
ȻʲôĴҹ㣬ôҲǱϤĽ̵˵ģѣȴҲû໰ʱⷬķӦҲɼʲôĸˡ
ֻ뾲һ߿ϷѣΪʲôѻյͷ
ֱǡ
Ī
ŭַ֮ܽӦ˵ʲô
˼ǡ
ֳǸи֮򣬾ǽ
ôĿע֮£ܽüͷš
˵ģôһҲ˵ͨˡ
֮ǰ;ò⣬볤ֳûʲôΪγֳͻȻڱ˷ˣڽЩһϵǿķһãԲŻ
Щ֮ܽȴ־ЩЦ
ų˵ֳܵǰԼϯڱܾ֮󣬻빬ʥϣ˵ʥ֧޸
ң
˿Ц֮⣬ܽûа
ֺôҲǻҹȻ뷨βЦأ
ǲڳռҪְģԽݣԼھеĵλ˵ԼԸˣǵʥϣҲǾԲйġ
ֳⶼͷһͷȣڳˡ
ܽڳĸλˣҲͬ뷨
ȻˣҲӰλҪܽʲôӦͷ
ô˿ţܽȻǲôʧġ
ԣֻ΢΢˶٣ܽɫ㸡ֳŭֳҴǰǲ֪㾹ȻһֱФҷ
ֻҷ֣ͽʾȨ˼ˡ
ֳʱҪιȥˡ
ζû뵽Ȼ֪ʲôһһ㶼Ҳǻҵļҳ󣬽µô˵˳
ôˣһǾͷķǿţֳǴʲôûһֻû̹ǡ
Щǵ޲ôضȥ
Ȼ糤ׯ̫͵ʥϻţҲǻҹǲôܳ裬ǰҲģֺʱᱻֿණһ񿴹أ
ûǿණ
ƽ͵͵ׯ̫󷢻磬ܹģҲǾǸҵĵҷˣЩ˵ݵλܿЩԴҲֻΪ˷ˣ
ԣǳֳȷϢ׼ȷ֮λڵһʱ䣬ûεסԼ뷨֮¶˳
ҲΪˣֳŻѿ
ڷǵߣܽʣֳһʱ֮侹֪ԼӦηӦŶԣۿΪǰҶ΢΢죬ԵҲɵʶһҡΡ
Ҫιȥӡ
ͬʱֳҲһ
ˣιȥ
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ţֳӻζĻҲԽˣţֻҪٳôһ£Ϳ˳µĵڵϡΡȥˡ
ܽóֳ⣿
˵ôſϷķǣܽԼҲǾƲóֳŪġ
ðҼҷЩΪ˾Ϊʥƴƴģû뵽λҹǴҷ⣬ŽҸλãܽüһĵӣУҿ̲ھҪȥõŹģҪȥʥ
һ˵ŻܽŤͷߣǲ֮дھ֪ɲ˵ġ
ֳŵҲˣҲˣȻҲιȥˡ
ˡ
һ֪ƾԼǲܽģֻýĿ⿴ƽ
ƽʱҲͷöء
ԭͲʲôģҪׯ̫˻ʵһһ볤Ҳˡ
ⲻȻͳ˰ɣ
ƽԳͳԽҲԹԣ÷Ϸ룬ҸݲΪʲôǵҪƽ
¿ɺˣҪȥ˵Źģ²ǻҵĳţΪȫЦ
ԣ㲻ͳôһƽΪˣǲòֹ
ƽ˴ٶקסܽĸ첲ʲôú˵õŹǾʥݣǾͲˡ
-

239 ɺ

ʱǰŵĸҲعƽɫ֮¶׷ǰһ˳ܽ
ǰδ˵

Ⱥȿڲ衭
һһģ֮ܽš
ܽһðɵӣݺݵصѾŵʧ˷ִĳֳ⻹ʲô˵ģӾ֪ˣҾ˵볤ֳûеΪλö˶˵Ҽδϱ黹氡ҷ㣬ҼҺ
Ҳܽųֳһξ룬Ҫǳֳǰȥʳָ϶ֳŶϡ
ֳʱѾʲôˣֻ㽫˽ˡ
Ҳʱֳ˳
ǰҲʱλ˵Ķԣʲôû˵أ
ĺ㡣
ֳһϲֻҲǲ뽫ִԲҪˣֻҪʱǰԶģǽ¶ҲԲȥˡ
һֳ̣ǵϲͳ׵ɢˡ
ͼţͷΪרעؿԼָϵʺޢƽޢȾʲôһĻƵġ
ޣǲ˵¶ǹӸ߸ϵİ⣬ţҲǼΪĿġ

˵Ļ󳶲κεĹϵ
ˣλʽ黹أǰǶʱ侩ﲻҪ޵Ϣôǿɶ˷ųȥġЦŵ
аиʲôãʽҲڮ١ĵ֮һ
˵ƫͷߵĳֳȾʺޢֻ̧Щָ˳ֳϡ
ֻſ춼ĳ࣬ǲǺҲ
⻰˵ÿǼΪ̱ˡ
⻰ˣȴ˭Ҳû֮⡣
⻰Ȼǿ̱˵㣬˵Ŀһ㶼ûдֳֻģ˭õ˵ķһڰôأ
ܽһ⻰Ҳ˳ƵķҪ뿪Ĵ㡣
һƽλȰķˣȻҲ͸ջԼ֣ܽӶҲԻָ
תŵЦݣͷٲ̧ͷκһ۵ĳֳԴЩڽص˵ھö˳ֳ
ֳһ
⸱ģ֮ǰض˾ÿڣֳ֪ʲô֮ﻹ
࣬ҲǾÿ֮˱ɺ֮ˡ
ʱҲЦӯӯģûܽ˵ʱɲôѽλʽҲˣûдҲûֹͣԼүأϵĶүС㣬⼸ΪԽԽףһʽǿǹûء
˵ڴ֮ǰܽб¶ķŭֻ˳ӦĵϷˣôڣķŭˡ
ͬǰܽ˵ڵҪľˡ
˭ֻҪҪĺǲǾͱضᱻ֮ΪС
ֳʵģͱܽһλϡ
֮ܽǰһֱ֪ԸôĻضƲģڴ֮ǰʼΪǸƲǳ
Ͼ˳֮⣬ֻ˭ĵĶԸأ
οǰڮ῵¡
ǳ½˳뵽һеģȻһֱɽ¶ˮĳֳأ
뵽˴ܽвķŭ
ܺã˷ͣһģлᣬҲúûرġܽųֳһһٵص
ֳʼˡ
֮ǰʲôҲֻĵ˳ΪĲǲܽԼô
ôˣȻܽ͹˵ҲʵЦ
ƽԼǣܽ⻰ȴ˭Ϊܽһλ˵ʲôԽġ
˶ĸ׵ģǣҲˣǵĺ֣ҲһܽһķӦκε⣡
-

240 ʲô

һĻĿͲˡ
һǽֵƤȫˣشӽ쿪ʼֶûٳǹĴˡ
ڳ˵Ҳǳ˿
һ棬ҲͬĵܽҲܹͬøС
ô˵ƽֵ̫ˣ
ţúúã˿ǧҪ˵ĻŶʽЩԼڸǹسëˣҿҪúһ¡
һҲԼϷ̬
ܽ˳һۣ漴Ųۡ
ȻܶԳʲôøУһΣҪгһֳֻ֣֪Ȼһֱĺǡ
һ˵Ӧúúлл
ԼƽλЩ䣬ܽĿ䵭ؿųֳֳûüһЩ飬Ļ
û˵꣬ɱ˻ߵķźݻЧҪúá
ֳܽⷬԭѾһƬҰ׵ϣžָ˼֡
͵̧ͷܽо£кڡ
ķӦܽͷһ
⵹Ǳвסˣǡ
ѾʲôⷬΪ֮еˡ
ܽüͷԽšԽ
ֳ
ʲô
ֳܽʵ˵㵽ʲô
ֳ촽źϺ˺ð죬׻һֶû˵
ҲǶԼĿǰĴѾЩˣԸɴƹˤľ֮󣬳ֳɫһı
촽һ˵ʲô
֮϶ǲúˣȻǾҲŲðɡ
ֳţȻҲоЩ⡣
ߵĳʱüɫġ

˵˴ʹأ
óʧǣܽͳֵ׻ûд
ܽ˳ֳһۣȻ֪뷨ҲܿǲֽܽŸ֪Լˡ
ȻˣܽɴҲͲˡ
ƽ˵ͷʱҲˣﻹЩҪһȥҾȸˡ
⻰˭֪ܽ˵ĸҪֻ֮ǡ
ƽҲûǵȻ˻Ҫ£ҲͲˡ
˵ŻѾ߹ȥ֪ͨB
ʱBѾһˡ
ܽϵȻBЩȣҲ֪ڲ˵ĺʱʹȣҲѹŲᡣ
֣ܽȻһߡ
߳Զѹĸףʲô𣿡
ҪȻĸ׵ɫôôѿ
ǰƽߵѾ߹ȥ֪ͨʱ֮ǰܽ˵ЩעԭڵţǲҪƽ壬Bƭȥأ
ɣܿ϶ظȷʵƽߵĴѾߣŴеǡ
ˣҲ֮ܽ󣬲˿ġ
ڿ
ǰλϷ¥߿ϷʱһǷʲô
ţͬ²Bһۡ
BˣܽɫҲҡҡͷûʲô£ġ
˵Ҳķ
ܽ˵ĻǲκεɵģȻܽ˵ûʲô£ǻʲôɵĵġ
ܽ˵֮ǰһЩȤ¡
ĸףƽʱô߶ʵҲǺȤһأλС㣬ҲͦģһǸҪʲôϯһҪǶӡ²ص
˵ܽҲЩЦݡ
úúãȹʱ丮ľջˣͿԸǼλСӣһ;գҲҪǸʲôᡣܽ
𣿡۾ˡ
ܽʧЦкβɣ
ĸŮһЦ
Bܽ±úͰףҲɵ𴽣Цˡ
һ˶ţܽȥ뽪BֻԵһѾ躸Ըˡ
ˣȻص
Ȼ֪ʲô£Խܽ˽⣬Ƿʲô£Ȼǰ˳
ҲΪˣɫŻѿ
-

241 

ܽԣûм˵Ƚ´һ
սһʤ̰ʦسʱĴСϱ̲סݴܽǶһˡ
Ҳ֡
ֻƾŽôĹϱѳֲסҲˡ

ΣܽҲû뵽ȻóֳҲΪҪˣƵС
ֳѲع̫ˣԲŻᱻɫԣ
ܽòĲ²⡣
Ȼ롰ɫĴʳ˹ϵܽĴ̲ס΢΢Ϲ𣬿鵹ͻȻת
ɫԻ˻ҹˣķ
ţܽҲ͸ˡ
ܽͻȻ¶Ц⣬ҲԷ
ȷʵʲô¡
ܽ˵ͷǳ˵£Ҳ˵ĵطǻظ˵
ûвӦġ
һ·BͻңȻȥ
Ȼ˸Ҳൽ˸ŵʱˣһһù֮󣬼ӸԻԺӣɻĿ⿴ܽ
ˣ׷ˣʵ
ܽ뵽ֳɫҲȻ֮ǰƽ﷢˵һ顣
ܽĻȴǳĬ
ŵֻЩһѾؿܽ
ܽ΢΢һ٣ôţʲôʱǵ˳ֳ𣿡
ĵȻ
˵ֳҲֻһŶѣò벻ģ
ǡ
ˣôţңҪ㼷㵹ǲôӣҲ֪˳ֳԺЩ£
һ˵ôһ仰񵽺ЩίͰ͵ӡ
ܽ⸱ģˡ
֪ս˽ﾹȻҲ¶ı飬Ҳ֪᲻ᾪӶ
Žίӣܽ׻־ס䣬˵ûûֳ֪ȻФ㣬һûô
ʱֻǾóֳܿЦ
Ҳȷʵֳ֪ȻԺЩ£Ŷŭ
ܽˣίˡ
֪Լڷĵλôߣ׾ٵľͱǱȥҲùүϺܹҲס
Ҳ˵˿ߵĿ⿴ܽڴķʽܽġ
ܽˡ
ȻŽҡҡҲΪФȴҲΪҲں㣬Ϊ֪㡣
ȻˣֺαΪһעʧ߶أ
ģҲֻгֳԺЩˡ
ܽ˵һʱ֮佪ֻôͷͱˡ
˵Ķԣߣκ˶ߡܽģ
ܽЦ
ǰƶʵҲֻΪѾԼԼĶѡ
ܽ뽪һ֣Щ⣬һ£ҲԺЩСҾԲġ
ָܽܽһȻˡ
˶һۡ
ðΣܽҪ꣬ˣҲ빬һˡ
빬Ҫȥߵġ
ܽͺôίǲ빬һҷʺʥǶԲͷ϶ŵ
΢΢ס
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ա
ù֮ܽͽѣ׼빬
ʥǰЩ࣬ڽؾ֮ý񲻱ؼϳֻڸϢգ֮£˵ܽͽҪ빬Ҫӣ˹ܽùŵġ

οҪȥߣģôίﲻ֮£ȻҲͻƽʱôҲģ
˹֮⡣
ǹʥϺͷʺ֪ôһˣŵ˹⣬Ĺӭ
˰áͷһŵʥϺͻʺŹү˽Ҫ빬ԸòͨŹүͷ빬ǡ
ܽͽһۡ

Щܽòɹһصȴ൱ɹġ
ҪȻʥ뷽ʺҲǽĵһ㶼ˡ
ܽһ
ȻˣȻ͸úúڷʺǰһˡ
-

242 

ܽ빬Ȼֱȥ󹬼ʺ󣬶Ҫȥʥùͬһʱ䣬ܿͷֿˡ
һ·ܽĹŮ⡣
վܽûмڣһԼװ׼һ飬ŹṲ̊
̤һ˲䣬ܽͱٶ֮죬˵һԵŮһʱ֮䶼̲ס¶㵣ȻܿͽɴҲɼܽıж˾ˡ
ʺ˵ˡŮ
⻰أʺ󶼻û˵һ仰أܽǷŭίʺĸǰ˹ȥʺҪ泼
βϵóģΪ˶УǾܹһõġ
ʺԭһڷţȻֻܽͷһһȻһ죬ԭڷŵҳ
ʺ󣺡
һĻڵĹŮҲͷٲҿһۡ
ʺʱǾмĲŮ˻ʼңȻٶչ¶ԼĲŻϲղ鼮רʰһĸֹ±䱾ʤҶǷʺͷá
ʺڿ飬һ±
ڡ
飬Ϊ˵զզ˺һҳ
ڵڷ̵ĹŮڷʺƢ˽ⲻʺйʮأȻϣҲͣ͵ǰȴǲ漰Щ顣
漰Щ顭
˵̫ʱ˷ʺһ飬̫ӼΪºĵķʺȻûŭǣȴҲ̫ʱ
̫ˣӦûذɣ
ڹŮ롣
ùŮǾǣȻʺɫôһ˲ĽӲҲֻôһ˲ѣܿ죬ʺ¶һٺ㲻Ц
ܽһˣľ˾һ㣬ֱӾ˵˷ʺĽűߣȻһ֣־ס˷ʺ۵һǡ
ʺ΢΢һ١
ϴǧϣҲͬһ˾ס˷۵ġ
ܽȫûвʺһ㣬ŷ۾Ϳʼʺοίˣֳ
ȻͿʼԿһЩĽƽϷ˵һ顣
ʺòҪ׿еֱ̬ˡ
ȻֻһյĹ򣬵ƽϷ£ϯһɢˣʱڳ˾Ÿָķӽ¸˳ȥ
ʺȻҲ֪ˡ
ɷʺ֪ģô͸ܽ˵ôһЩأ
˵ܽĿֳձƤ֮󣬲Ϊܣ˶ǳһͼô˵֣ܽ
ʺЩͷۡ
Ȼλ˳Ϲϵ;Բ졣
棬Ȼ˺죬ƾһ㣬ﶼ

ҪʺҲͷˡ
һʺ˾ȻҲίΪ˵Ƣԣ͵ôȥأ
ܽԿһ٣Щֲ˼صʺ⻰˵ģ͸檵Ƣж಻һ
ʺЦһ
ȻһҲû˵˼Բˡ
ܽûΪʺķӦκεĸı䣬ʱΪǰһ۷죬մǣǽʺķһǽץ÷ʺЩģܽ᲻ķϵᡣ
Ҫ˵л÷ʺ󶼾εĹپ죬Ҳֻǰܽˡ
ܽһҪЩԾûУŷۼ޵ʺɿֳǸʲô˰ɣսôֳ꣬ȻϷҲϳ檺ͼˣȻ޸÷й
Խ˵棬ܽβԽ۳žҪѹƲסˡ
ʺԭҪΪܽԽԵüšüģǾ䡰йɫԾľ
ɫΪܽΪֳ
ͬܽ˵ǰ㣬ֳ뷨ǼΪġ
һλҪĽȢܳĹôôأ
ʺԭǲֳ֪µģ֪£һֳ֪ȻȥʥϸǰԼʺ󶼲֪ԼӦķӦˡ
֡
ǲ֪ν
һ룬ǰΪܽĿֶЩٿȻȥ࣬ʺɫ͵ؿܽ˲Ϊ˶ǣʥϻǱó˺ġ
-

243 

ܽԣҪʺǱˣʺʱʹɫԱ߷̵ĹŮǹŮҲǸῴɫģܽ˵һ˲䣬ͼʱܽסˡ
ˣʺŮ
⹬ŮȻϸ־ȴʵСֻܽһ˫ִҸ´ֱӾ͹ЮһͰһ˹ȥ
ܽ˲ԣ̫Ҫһ廻أ;˫ִҸ뿪ȴļϣѹš
ܽЩ
˵⹬Ů̫ˣ˵ʺˣ
ܳŷʺ˹ȥܽ˿˲۾һмӣʺӢҪȻ檾ֻ˳檵ķסų檵լӣҪ檵ĺˡ
⻰˵ģʺ󶼲֪ҪηӦˡ
ܽҲûҪõʺĻӦʺ泼ǶԳ檺ͺ˵Ŵģ檻ظ֮һҪΪʺһǣ檺ÿնʺ
û˵꣬ѹܽŮһԣܽĻˡ
Ů̵ŮǣʱҲ֪˵ʲôˡ
λ
Ҫǻ˸ˣʺָ˽ϳȥˡ
ʲôطλˣɴûлˣѲ䷽ʺһǵŷʺģ

ˣλͲǳ˰·Ҳһ˴ྶͥЩΪ˵ĻƶԿˣǻ
֮УҲûֳЦ
Ůֻû뵽ϴǧϣܽŷʺķ۲žѾǷˣξȻҸ
ʺٺõĺܽ˵üҲɵ˺ü¡
ʺʵ뷢ģΪйþĵ۵ľأׯ̫λĵ۵ĸҲ˵ѹһͷ˵ѾվŮִܹĶ塣
˵ĵλʺ˶Լ˲

ܽһۡ
Ȼܽ˵䷽ʺĻϵıȴвžȻġ
˵ʺһλһ͵ء
ĳʺǸ̲ס˳顣
ôһˣ˵ƽϰɣǲþͺпûз˵ƽϰɣԵòȡ
ǶҶҲĲãҲ򲻵á
ʺֻһӵ˺һŽ֮ѹȥ
ǵĹپ죬˵ģҲǰˡ
ʺЩΡ
ҡҡͷλͲˣ±ҲǳòԣǳֵĻɩȴҲΪֶڲˣֻԺգ±һˡ
ܽͱ˸߲ǻʺ˵˵ֳôҲʥϵãôǳɲǺ˴
û˵꣬ܽס졣
ʲôҪɾڷȻˡ
ʺһʱǺǺЦڵ֪ˣ˵ʱôͲŶأ
ûȷʺ˵ʲôأܽ㼫Ϊ׾ӵתŻ⣺ʥϺͻʺȻһһ˶Ҳʥܰʮ꣬õء
ʺܽһۡ
֪˵ûˣ
һϲ֪Ŷʲô˵ˣ˵ĻʹƨɣҲܲ˻˵ⷬмΣܽʺǾЩˡ
ΪĸµĻʺ󣬻ʥϵľصλޱȹ̣ʺߴȱСеˣܽЩˣȻǲһġ
ҲˣܽԲķУŻ÷ʺо
ڣǬ幬վҪࡣ
ͬܽƴڻķʽһžĵۣɫȻĽƽ﷢˵һ顣
ʥϣڳԣӶŮ߹صȹͬķֻҪ޶δǵı과޶ھĵ۸ǰȴͦñֱ׵ı̬ܿȵļ
ھĵü΢΢һ
ǹŵģ̬ȴܽ˿ЩвζʥϿɴǿɳ֮ˣ
ӵǴ
뵹Ҳ֡
뾩ЩδѪĳͬĴʬɽѪ߳ˣ޶֮ʱ㵨ҲޣҲر߹ô꣬ھ֮ˡ
-

244 

ڣʥϻ᲻ΪͶŭġ
ʥ϶Ŀأǲ۾ƵóģοȽ֮أ
οɳսս֮ʱȴֳ죬˶ֳôЩⱾŭˣʥǰӲģҲ⡣
ʥй֣ЩõĳӣǼΪģȻ˶
Ҳȷʵ㣬Žˣĵϲκεŭɫǰ˳Խ
ƽ˵ûй̺ܽó֣Ž˼ɷģ޾̻֣úôĵ
˵ţĵ۱˵빬Ҫͽͻ¡
ĵЩﻹܿ޶ӣȻͬⳤһ˵½޶ģĵҲǶȻݲó뷨ġ
ֹس˹ǲǾĵԼɳܵʧҲй֮˵ּɲڹֻвȻһ֣þĵּ
һҲܳĳһѾӶ꣬ǱŽӵֻΪȢһˣʣⶨýԼܵ衣
ȻЩȥˣҲӿֳһ佫Щ˱ɻ˲֪٣Ƕʱ˽ģ֮£ĵο轪أ
ܴķ潲ĵ۶ǾԲ˳ֵԸġ
ԣǴ빬˾ĵ۵ŭǱ˳ȥġ
֮󣬳ֱδʱĹ磬Ҳ岻ʵдǡ
ĵҲˡ
ԭĵΪǰ֮󣬳ӦѾʵʵͷǣϾôҲǳҲҪǡ
뵽ֳûдͷôЩ¡
մӷʺ֪ƽ﷢Щʱ²ڳĵ۶ԾЩȡ
һ֮ˣɼڳֳΪĵжŭˡ
ǰĵ뽪˵ģζᴦóֳɲֻдʣġ
ͬʱڳĵҲûŭġ
ǳƽĳϽֶ˳λֵô

ı̫軵ˣ
ĵɫЩš
ԭΪׯ̫ʱʱʱľ߶䣬ĵ۶ջ˳ķȻڣҲڿҪﲹһЩ뵽ͳ£⵹оĵ۾֮ǰҪ뷨ֱǸЦˡ
Щ뷨ɿھĵ۵֣ڽļģΪΪر߹ضʮأЩ޶ǿģҲκ뽪估Ҿ죬ֶΪΪۣ
ܽһ֮ŵȻܻҧ²š
һžĵʩһ񣺡ǳʥΪˣ
˵ĵԭЩҲѸת磬ٴĽļ磬ĵ۵Ļ㱨뾰ҳϣ޻ίһ֮ҲͲʹ׷ˡ
ЦΪˬʡ
ʥϡҪ˵ʲôȴĵ۰ֹˡ
䲻ض룬֪ΪˣЩ꣬Ҳཪˡĵ۵
⻰ĵ۵Ҳ˵С
սҵΣ֮Уڳϳ˺üնûܳһЩΪİʧѪԵ佫ǣǶ̤սҪʱʮĽͦ˶ľ᲻ʹͿ̿Ǹδ֪
¾ĹǶ౶壬˿೬̫࣬屾Ԥı֮£һ֮ڣʱ֮ڣҪ֮ȥûһǿƵĽ죬ҲǼΪѵ¡
Ҳջܹ𣬵Ĺ֮Ужپջ˶ʧжپʿ޶գ
Щ֮Իܱ㰲˵ǽԼ߹ؽʿ֮
һ㣬ĵ֪
ˣЩĲĵ･˶ԽļɵҲֻΪеĶɣԼȨıҪѣڽĹͣĵ۴񶨹
žĵ۴ԣϥ£žĵ۱ȭΪʥΪң࣡
-

245 

ࣿ
ǲܵġ
̤սѾʮأȴʼǼ꣬Ϊܽǻ֢֮òʧȥӣ޷˼Ů
Ųڱ߹صϣǰҪ־ĵˣҪػ˼ҹսɳʱϾȥô࣬ҹ˾ʱ벻֪ʱӣδ֮ĶŮܲࣿ
ôĿ࣬ˣΪĿɲ޶ֳ裡
뵽ֳЩĴ㣬΢΢
ĵٴν࣬ǿģ
˵Ȼһת˵ȥ˵Ƣԣػʺ󶼸ͷˣ仹ǿȥ˷һɣ
ᵽܽĵǾȤ̲סЦ
ûʺͷ۵ˣҲǶһݶˡĵ۵
ĵ˵ܽɼıºʥϣʶȻܹΪޣ۷£Ե
ĵ˽һۡ
Ȼܹó˵⻰ȷʵֵġ
ҲΪˣĵ۲Żò졣
λˣЩûʲô¶ǾĵʱʱҲһЩ˵Ĵԣ˵Ļжơ
һˡ
ܵ˽άģ
˵ܲˣ
ԼǰλܳĿζأĵһʱ֮Ҳԡ

Ҳá
ֻδ˵ģܿȷʵǸˣ¾ĵ۽Ϊ߹սͶԽΪһĳӣǱһΪܹһеĳӸ÷ġ
ҡ
㿴ķˣھĵ˵Ҳ˽һ㣬õƿӣлᳬƿء
Ϊ뷨ĵۿĿΪ˼֡
Ž˰֣ĵ۵ˣ˼ҲǸϽȥȥɡ
Ҳѣĵ۴ԣٴžĵʩһ˳ת뿪Ǭ幬
Ϊ⳼ȻڹΪоĵ۷˻뿪ʱоĵߵһλСһǰġ
ʵϣλСŽ߳Ǭ幬ͼ˷ʺߵһλŮ
ǹŮȻһģǳŽȻӼʺ˻
˵úίʵǷʺʵǲٿܽˣŻľʹ˹ŮţҪĵһʱ䣬Ͻ˽ߡ
ɴ˿ɼʺܽжˡ
ȻûۿΣֻ⹬ŮĶ̶̰仰оܹ³һˣܽڷʺĸǰģ¾úЦȴǰ㶼ûб¶
ǰļܽǸܽ˺̯ܶӣҲһôûУͱ˵Ǽܽ߾ܵܽԼκ£һõĻ˵Ļָ㡣
ˣǰѹűԱֳͻݶׯҪࡣ
񡭡
Ȼ뿴ܽġ
ҲΪ뷨ڿܽĹŮʱԾü۾
ܽŮҲ֮ǰʺǲȥŽŮע⵽˲ɫı仯Ҳֹ
Ҳ֪صжΪλ籦Ĵˡ
֣ҲǾһδ֮հɡ
ܿ죬ŮͽЩӦе뷨˦˳ȥ͵ֿԷ޲ԶȥŻ
Ů˵ܽ뽪ʱΣʺ΢΢һ̾һ
ʺѾ٣йʮأĸһӺݻȣǳ˵ĸ£ֱҲ˰ɡ
Ϊʺ󣬷ʺȻҽ׵ĸֱķӣ²ˣαҲֻӻһЩ˥ϵٶȰˣܻһ޿ײķʽ֣ÿһ˵ĺۼ
ʺȻҲ⡣
Ȼˣֻǲʮģ۽Щ̵ƣȴ¶š
ڴ֮ǰǿʺϵƣĹŮҲֻãֻ˴ŵĺۼѣ𷽻ʺòֱ¾˹š
ڡ
ȴֻãʺ֮У͸Щƣ
-

246 һ

ãڲĹŮǲ˷ʺһ̾
ˡи˵ʺ˵
ڹŮ
ǷڷʺҲв̵ʱˣڼҲһЩʺƢԣǿɴûмʺģ
ûǾȻǴӷʺ֮Щġ
Ľ
ڹŮǶһ
Ȼ֪ʺΪλĽˣǶãʺΪй֮õʥϵľأֺĽκһŮأ
һŮһ۷ʺɫʺ˵ǲھܼ޽ݵλҪ˵˵µŮӣ˭˵Խʺأ
Ůȷʵġ
ʺ뾰ĵޣʺ뾰ĵʱĵۿɻ̫أڼͼĻ֮У۵һ
ҲΪˣʺ޽ӸҲ˲ٵίġ
ҲΪ뷽ʺЯ־ļѣĵ۲ŻԷʺ㾴أ󹬻бǶܳҲȥǷʺ󣬷ʺй֮λޱȵȹ̡
أĵ۶˷ʺ
ʺ޸Ǳʱڵľĵʱļλɶûڣۿŷʺʮ꣬˭ܲĽʺĺ˵أ
Ҫ˵˵á
µŮӣԽʺȥ
ڵһڹŮŴԣɵ˵ͷʾġ
ټŹŮǵĶʺɵ΢΢ҡҡͷȴδ˵κλˡ
*
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ܽΣ
ܽЦЦֻôᷳô־ˣʺʥһλй֮ζҼƽϵġ
ҲЦ
ܽ˸˵ܹЦŭģ龩ǣҲֻ˾ǵˡ
Щӡ
񲻽ʲôԵģ˵ͷͬӣˡ
ܽЦЦĿᡣ
֪ڷʺ֮ԻŴΪģΪķǽ
Ǵǰܽǻ˶ƽǽǰᶼȫ⿪϶˱˴˽߹Ǹ֮ܽȴٲ뷨ˡ
ȻǷһģôеٹ⣬
ҡ
ܽЦ˵ˣȴõ˽һԤ֮Ļش
ˡֺ֣ܽģû㣬Ҳڵң˵Ҹеٹ⣬˵㣬ңԼԼеһС
Ȼ֮Ի˵뵱ǵĵһμйء
⵹ܽ𵱳׷ʲôˡ
Ȼ˼ǵһʱһЩȤ£ܽô䣬ʼն벻ʱԽ˵Щʲôýһֱôꡣ
ңҲ֪ôģô׷ʣ˾ʲô˵͸һյýġ
Ҳ֪ʲôӣ
ܽ˽һۡ
״ܽĶͷ˵㣬ˣҪԼˡ
˵ʱųģԼ˵ڳŮһ㡣
ţܽȴЩ⡣
ʲôѲۻ軨ˣҿܽ
һ㣬ܽĶͷϵ˵㣬ˣΪ᲻ۻ軨һٺúÿ㼸ʮء
ܽһȻһȡ
ˡ
Ѳڹﱻʥϴۺȣ
һƫͷһʵۻ軨ҲǿģϾҪҽɲʮ꣬ôͶҵˡ
ᵽۣ̲ܽסԶüͷɵ
⸱ģܲ³ʲôˡ
ΪܽȻȥ˽ܽһУϵ𾴣ԼԶ׵ʹޡ
ü۱
֣ܽȴֿ϶صˣ㲻õģңһ
ܽһůɫҲת磬Ȼս֡
һ㣬ý˵Ҳ
Ǿʮı仯˽ǿʼղģҲôľжԼķ뽪ش
֪
һЦ
һһ⾲ܰգȻܽԼûʹ빬أ΢΢ֱӣ񣺡ȥʥһжðɣ
-

247 ˭

֣ܽЦˣ㶼˵ˣʺ󹦳ϣôҲƽϵģʥˣô๦λǳֳȣʥôң
ܽŽ
˵ⷬʱȲƽʱеĮҲûʥǰǫ΢ü価ǰȻЩġ
ǽδǰչֹһ档
ȻܽҲǵһοĽ񣬵ʵûж⡣
Ͼ
ս˶ʮˣֻһҹ֮ˣֻҲƽˡ
ҲĽ
ܽ롣
ڣĽֻһܿ
Ϊ뷨ܽͻȻ֮ӿһЩԽ鳱ʹһʱûסֱŽӡԼĴ
ȵһУܽʶԼʲô˫ձͨͬʱͷź΢΢һŽԶһ㡣
ֻ
⻹ǵһοܽòˣݵܽȴأ
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һǽ֮󣬽ɿϵ
ܽ˳ŽһԶĵطݺݵ˽һۡ
ÿҲ֪ڵģضʮǱգȵϵ¶һЩͷ
ҪǵȻģֻ¾ϹҲܿʲôˡ
ܽţȴ鼫õӣ濿˿̬ܽˣҲ̫ȲЩ飬ΪʵѽǷʵǼҲԡ
û˵꣬ܽʹԱСϵܺץ˼ӳŽ˹ȥ
죡ܽݺݵص
ǵ͵͵ЦͳЦռ䲻ܽҪУԽЦҲԽŭ
Ȼ󣬵׻̲סֵ˭ˣ
Цøˡ
ȡЦܽģɴͽƲһߣٲˡ
ˣЦܽǱЩûܽŲطһ죬ͽܽȦԼĻ
úúãˣΪ˵ˣ㲻Ҽ˲ǡ
˵̲סЦ
ܽ״һȻ֣ǵ׼ȷҵ˽⣬סٺݺһŤ
˻
̲סһ
ϰʮ꣬ҲܽƤõǹ밡ܽһŤۡ
ܽûҪֵ˼һ߳ţһ޹ˣʹ
ŵܽһ㡣
ܽЦһʹҪȻټЦ˵ЦһЦʹأ
ģˣҴˣҲȡЦˡ
ߺߣܽЩĺ
ףϵǷ
ȻܽҪջȥȴֱסˡ
Ϊ֣һۣҪšһأȴǰܽʹ˼£ˣ϶ѾһƬˡ
һίͰ͵ӡ
ܽһۣûΪװݡ
ͳôƤطƤ϶Ҳܺô׵ľͱšˣ
ɲĵ
ûὪװܽأ㣬˵¡
һ˵һǡ˼ǣȥǾͿԲˣ
ܽһɡ
û˵ʲôԼʲôҲû˵һ㣬Ѿƫ˲ֵ֪Ļ˻
ˣ㲻õģʥȻҲɣȴҲΪɾ񾡹֮£ҡ˵΢΢һ٣̤սڣѾʮ꣬ѾǵǸֻһǻ¾սˡ
ֻǽԼҲ޾
ȢǵŮӣжŮʼȻǣңҲΪˣЩԾĹĽ˲һὫԼԼ޶İΣڵϣľͶԴ˰š
ǾĵľϵǽȻҲʲôı֮£Ǿĵ۳ڶĲ¼ɾӲţôĵҲһ֪һѿеĹͷ
ܽȻײľʹӽĻҪ˼һ˫ԽԽԲ

ȻЩ𾪣ͬʱܽ־ñˡ
-

248 һֱ

ǻܽΪںˣҲһҪԼԼһ·ġ
ⲢǴ˷⣬ֻԱѡ
Ͼ
²ǰֻ˵Ҳûз롢񾡹µģһ֣Ҳʲô˲õ¡
Ϊ֪ЩܽһʱǰĴȤٴס˽
ҪСġܽ
ɫͣЦ֪
˶ʥŨٹٵǰâ˭ýԼ˶Ƿ޵ģȴܿݷ֮Σ
ǰЩ߹ս³Խʱھĵ۵ȻǲĴڣ٣һ˿ȡ֮ǰޱҪġ
ڣ߹صļѾˣ𹥶ˣ£ǰĽҪȻҲֱ½һĵۻֲ轪ǰ磬ǻ᲻˶Ҫжĥɱ¿Ǿ˭Ҳ֪ˡ
˵
ڵǻŽأʵѾһˡ
ܽţڵǵͬʱֶЩԽۡ
ǵҡ
ȫǿŽһ֧š
ˡܽͻȻ
һЦס֣ܽˣ˵ʲôɵҿɲһ˳ģҲͬҪãǲҲҪһ࡯
ܽһЦ
ˣģֻҪڣڣҾη塣
µģҲ֪ܽٶѣ֮ǰʮһ
ӽ˺£֣ܽҵȻڣһֱڡ
Ļܽü֮Ҳżֺɫ
֪ǰΪλ֢᷸֮Ҳ۾ʦ˵ΪʱոԪŻᱻǲ֪Ĺ»Ұռӣ鷢һҲ͹ˣһξ˺Ҫʮ꣬˶ĺܵô˺ٷһΣ
κˣǹ߱ʲôռӣҪЩߴ룬ƴԼһҲЩ˻߹óѵġ
һ㣬ܽٿ϶
˵ֽһȻֻһȴĽǶᵽ˱˴˵˼ҲǰδеĽһ
֮ʱ䣬ܽͽû˵ʲôֻǾͨĸо
ƺֻ˶̶̵һ˲˾泵
үˣѾˡ
ʵϣѾ˺һˣҪһֱûʲôҲŵӳ
ܽͽŻع
һЦ
ȥȻδ뿪վһԣ֣ܽˡ
ܽȻϽ֣촽ǣ
Իլ
ŻһأԸѾĳ˹ǵ󣬻֮ɫ躸
ףĸס
ԸܽͽҴ˸
ȻЩ͵صĸףƽϵ׷ʲôѽΪν˶ڴǳֳˡ
֣û˵ڣǳŽǱ߿һۡ
̲ס˳顣
ҲһϵĹѾķзģӶ֪ˣҪ˵мûʲôƶţǲŵġ
ڣĻ˭
ܽͽһۡ
˶ãӦɵһ
ϾµˣҲܽͳֳɶǱǵ˵ģöЩʲôֻҪϵ´ȥҲͿˣȻ˰ܽͳ£ֶΪأ
ƳʱΪһ˫ⲻء
ܽ˿ӡ
Ը϶ܿõ֮ɫ
ֳЩ㣬ܽͽ˵޹ؽҪģԸ˵ȴǼΪҪġ
ôЩʱܵԸĸ׵۰֪ļʲôĸоôΪһ˶һأ
ҲΪˣǲŻţ֪ܽͽӹˣ͡Ժ
ʱʱĻһƾĿ⿴񣬾ͺʱᱻֳһ
ԴԵġ
׹Ůȴһܺܵ
ܽʲôͷ࣬Ѿͷɱ㸸룬ֳǸһûκιϵ˶ѣӰ쵽ǵ
-

249 Ϊ

Ϊܽ仰ƽ͸Ŀ϶͵ؾ˿
ĸף˵Ǿ̫ˣֱסܽĸ첲ɲ֪͸׳֮ǸĸͲˣһΪʲôأȴͰ͵ؽϷ¡
˵⻰ʱϵԲ
ܽͳԣǵӰ죬͸Ҳûк
ⲻһӳ֪ʲôʹſЦʱλɫĽһ飬͸ʱ￴ŵһ
ʱ˾;ҪǺôҪŵ˵Ĵָ͵øˡ
Ҳˣĸ֮󣬽죬һֱڵ֮С
Ӱ֮£ʼõĵԸҲŵ
ܽûίܽ᲻ΪֳĵƶҲǵĸ׻᲻ᱻֳˡ
Ը躸ɾҪˡ
ʵϣ躸ҲûȰԸǲҪ룬ԸܿסԼأ
꣬ܽЦҡҡͷԳԼˣѹͲùᣬֻҪñҪã㹻ˡУҺǸ׽빬ȥֳµģǲΪе黳
ܽԣԸصͷ
ܽͽûʱֻ˶ûĹһ㣬ܽٿ϶ĻȻҲͶģǰЩᣬǾЩЦˡ
˻һۣٺ١Цһ
ܽ״ɵҡҡͷʳָö˵Ķͷ˵㣺ѽʲôʱǸһʡģҲͺˡ
ǰԸһӣֳֳһҴʲôõӰ죬躸ȴҲûĵǡ
Ȼûеõ躸ȫ½⣬ܽȻܿ躸ʱı仯ԳĬԣȴҲʱˣʱʱҲܽ˵ϼ仰
Щܽ躸ңǲںġ
ȻǲںǵļңֻǲóֳǸвѡ
Ըֻ˲躸ȷʵҪ侲ࡣ
ҲΪˣܽŻ˵Ļ
⻰ԸЦصĸףʲôԣҺʲôӣֲǲ֪ҪǺʹȣǲǹѿ𣿡
Ҳܽĸ첲ҡȥǰĸףǵȻܸȣ
̥˵⻰ʱЩΪζ
ܽûйҲЩ̥һֱֻǲ躸ıӻ֮£ⲻ̥ڡܽĮ֮±ɺ躸һҲ̥ĵ׵Ľ躸Ҫˡ
ˡ
ԣܽ躸ֻ̥ø˵ġ
躸ԸˣɫҲɱ
ԸҲܺá
ܽЦſ躸֪Ƕܺá
ĿǴ¶ȣ躸ɱһģԾĿʼڻ
ܿ죬躸ûܽ⻰һ㣬ջĿ΢
ܽҲй
ߣһ֮
躸㣬ΪǼ£кЩܵĮӣЩǳµһۻɵģҪеĲ룬ȻҲͬҪʱ䡣
ڣһΣܽٲ;ȱϯ
ʹ֪躸ܽǳ躸¶һЦݡ
ʱԸЩصףĸףǽսȥָ𣿡
ܽЦҡҡͷҺǸװֻǽʺߣԼʥ֪ܵίѣɲ˵ʲôֳָΣҲǻ֮ˣҲֻʥϣܸһһ֪𣿡
Ըͷ
ˣֺûס
Ըǲı顣
ֻ躸֮ܽⷬȴ˼ӡ
ܽҲûж˵ӳѩӳ᰽ݳ˸񣬱֪׼ˣˣֳ£ʥϺͻʺȻϣЩҲǸģǻǸϽŰɣ˵Ƕû
һ⻰Ը֮ǰ붼׵һȥ
ˣôûأ
Ըͬص̥֮Ĭչ¶š
躸ҲԼλϣʵжȷʵǶˡ
-

250 ʥּ

躸ú֪ܿˣʥϸĹʲô
Ҳܽͽ빬ߵĵڶգʥּȥ˳ֳĹԳֳ뿪֮󣬹Žա
ǷڴǰֳͺŽգȻġ

ųֳĻԾЩѰζˡ
䣬ʥּ֮ŷģҲɲ˲ʥּ
֮ǰƽ﷢£ֻһϵʱʹ˾֪ģŹգֳӭʥּ˲ò²⣬ʥּǲ˶ֳǲҲɴܵʥϵ⡣
Ͼ
˵ˣڶտɾ˹
ĺ֮£Ȼ뾡˷ӵȥֳ׽ӵʥּˡ
ֳŽգŰݷҲˣ֪ʥּݵֲֻгֳһˣȥ𴦴ǣ
ǣܿҲ˴ӵմּʥּݡ
ȻΪ֪򸾵ڶȥ˹ߣ˶ţʥ϶Ŀأֳ˷ֲ˺ãôţҲû뵽ʥϾȻ˳ֳķţּóֳӴ˴ڹﷴʡ˼
ҡ
Ƿʡ˼û޵ġ
ĳͷǼصġ
Ȼʱֳ͸͸һ㲻ӣֱȻȥûиţǺʥϵǻźôҲԼãɳҲûһδ̫ѿЩŴˡ֡š
ڻңͬǹзûзţǿȫһġ
ͱ磬ǰĳûзŵĳһ㡣
˵ֳ֮Ϊ׵ģڣΪһڰôЩ£ʥϾȻֱӶķţĳͷνء
οʥϲķţֱӴ˱˼
˵Ǳ˼ȴûиޣĽʵҲûʲôˣֻûԶѡ
ֳ
ǰʯͷԼĽţ
֪ʥּ֮˶ɵ롣
ʥּ׵ľʹ˾֪ģȻҲܴССϸ֮вʥϵ˼
ʹʥϵĻʹǴּĹҲԲұʥ˽Խʥּ͸¶ˣȻˣȻҲֻΨһһܣǾⱾʥϵ˼
ʥϲʥּʾ˽ʥּݹɴҲͿԿóʥΪʹֳжˡ
ֳΣҲʥϵãΪ³ֻ°뱲Ӷ̤һˣǡ
ʥ죬жʢ
˶ɾãǾѾĸ߹ģʵϻǵ͹ʥĵλ
һʱ֮䣬֪жٳĽѡ
Ϊ˳ӣһʥϵأֱѾ㹻˰ɣ
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µʱһҲΪõϢһۡ
ףĸףʥϾȻΪ¾Ͷ˳ֳķţûڵĽ㣿Ը˵⻰ʱЩզӡ
ȻԸԴҲǼΪȵġ
ȻӺܾ֮ǰνġӷͬ˵Ҳֻһ˵ѣʵȴǣѪУľҪҪ󼸷֣ķʲô£пͨһأ
Ը֮ԻһþȣҲΪһˡ
Ϊܽͽȥһˣ˵ʥϻһģνĹҲʥϿͷϳֳһԵĽҲˡ
ϾֳȻ糤ǰׯ̫ţҲʵʵĻѪôӣĳ̶ֳ˵ҲܴһЩʼҵġ
ʥΪ¾ط˳ֳҲڴԼԼʼҵ
뷨ĿĴ֮󣬲ŻôԸһ㾪ȡ
˭Ҳû뵽ʥλ˴󶯸ɸꡣ
ԸҲһ뷨һ˫۾ܽͽ񣬵Ŵõһء
躸ûбֳκεľȺɻ󣬶һ˼ӡ
ָܽԸĶͷᵯһ£ʥּѾˣȻʥϵ˼ˣܻܲ˸Ŀŵļٴʥּɣ
ٴʥּ
ԸŶͷЩصĸף֪Ҳ˼
ǾúܾȣʥϾȻһʥּ
ɴ˿ɼ
Ը־̾ףЩ˵ûʥϴҲмأ
-

251 ϳ

ǰгΪǧܽδӷ˵ʥּ˷أгֳ콪񣬻ܽ躸ãʥ϶˷ţ֮Ľ
λҳһλλԣһλȴܾٳ裬ƫƫΪ˶˶˲ôõ³
ãû˷أׯ̫ţʥ϶Ҳȫ飬ôŶܹòˣֳɲһû˷ţֻڹţûʥϵۣ֪ģֻò˶ã˾ͻǳʧһ㣬ٲǵпС
ˣ˵ʥ϶Ŀ
ҹ³Ǳˣǻң
Ϊǰ֮˵ﶼһ֪ʥ϶ȷʵطǳԼˣǲǵġ
һˡ
λ֪ˣǺԲһܹܵġ
ԸҲһЩ۵ټȷʵȣŻ˵Ļ
ܽͽԶһۣɵЦЦ
ԸǸӣ򵥵뷨Ҳˡ
֣ܽԸͷ࣬Ը㻹Ǻúϰɡ
ԸȻǸ竣ȴûմȾ竵ϰԣ˵ǵȻǼʲôʲôôࣿ
Ⲣ˵Ըֻ˶ѡ
躸
ܽ躸һۡ
躸Щ뷨ģ躸ĳĬԣܽ־ãҪָ躸˵Լ뷨ֻЩѵġ
Ըܽһ˵һûܽ˼
ʱЦβָڰ۵һ£磬ĸ׵˼㻹ûĸ˵̫ˣǲҪô࣬ʵʵçͺˣ
˵꣬һ
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Ϊǰûһʱûպ̫ЩĶͷϵһԵĺӡ
ͣЦŶͷܽĸף磬͸׵֪۸أ
ܽĴֻ֣Ц
Ը״ɵؿ
ܽûҪԼͷ˼룬ȴǿ˽
ԭڽǾηӶģ㽪ˣҲûܽǰһҪѵԸ˼һʱҲԽľηѹȥĸǰᳶ˳䣬Сף۸ҡ
˵ŻԼĶͷǺ۸һЩ
۳ԼǰˣС۶۽Ƕɵ΢΢˳顣

ĹŮԼĸǰСԼֻǵģǰδеС
ǰû뺢׽ûú׽
ҲΪʱ㿴ţС״ŻԵĸо
̳ûãܽͷ֢֮֮ʮ꣬⣬뺢ǼĻٵÿȻҲûл֣֮Ҳܽڣᵽһף׸ĸо
ĸо֮£֣Сͷϸǰοǰȵջ֮ſⲻѵԸ
ԸΪֳ۸أѵʱ䣬ټһʱ
⻰Ը̲ס
ԴϰûһɵģǿͲˣƽ޹ʵĶһʱѵʱ䣬ֱҪİ

оܾ
˿һ࣬Ը׻ǰҪ˵Ļ˻ȥĬĬ˵ͷ
Ըڽǰ˱͸ǳԸ˸Ȼŵص磬һʱŶʱһʱģһ͵ģ
Ը۽ǳ˳飬Ҫٵһ£ǰһָĺ׻סˡ
ɲٶѵһʱ
ˣŻصܽߣ֣ܽĸף˵˵ʥϳͳֳк⣿
֣ܽʥ㣬ȻΪǸΪңк⣿ĻҲֻǸû˵ʱ˵һ˵֪𣿡
-

252 

΢΢תתȻصͷĸףģҼסˣĸףһˣǲǿǺú˵˵ˣ
ܽʧЦıǼ˵㣺Ѿͷ
Ҳûܾ
˿ʱ򣬵ܿΣ˵ܿóȴҲû˸֮ڿڡ
Ͼ
Σģ˵ʥϣֻ˭
漰ʥϣк˸˵
ҲΪˣܹ˵ģ޷Ǿμڵģʥ衣
ΪҲͰˣҪҲ뷨ǽ׾ͱȥ
ԣܽͽһۣҲûһֱźǣǾѭ򽥽ķʽú˽Ĵ
ܽӣʳһǾãǸĴΣ
ܽһ˵躸˶һ
Ȼ躸ûм˵ǵͷ˼
Ը
ʵ֤ܽԸúϰǶԵģΪԸǸһͨ׵ģܽˣҲû
ĸף⻹𣿡Ըֵصи󹦳ڣʥ϶ԸмӣȻٺòѽ˵һʻŽһͣҲûġ
Ըġ
ܽͽɵöһۡ
ǵȵСãΪԸôһ˵ʲôʲôĵأ
ʱ򻹲Ըԣ磬ӿǲ⣬ĸ׼ȻˣǴܲ˵򵥵ģش𣬲Ǹ𣿡
˵꣬ĳԸߺߡ
Ըһۡ
뷽һ׾ͷյѵʱһʱæְڳһùģ
ܽĻֻ΢΢Цš
һ̽ŵףĸףǵ˼ǣǸĴʵԼΪôãǡĻϴǧϣΪĸ˳ͻջ˷أγֳΪ˸׵˷ţʥּĽڹЩӦҲ˵ΪʥϸЩĹͣԶԸ׳мˣôΪΪʲô
ɻ
ҲֻһʮСǰûнӴЩԳ֮¸ǰҲܹͨܽƳЩѾǼˣٶģ벻
Ҳܽˡ
Ͼ
ȣԸôֱӣΪԸͬҲһء
ڣֱֻԸһ
ܽͻȻЩҡ
ָ˸ͷ¶һЩЦݣȴҲû˵˵Բԣǿ躸
躸Ŀأܽ
Ȼ躸ܽʵûбʲôϣϾ躸ƽʱһҲ˵仰οⷢƪˡ

ܽϣ躸Ŀ˿ڡ
躸ǰϲıԷ飬ֻΪûָ㣬ǿٶ飬ҲЩǳ˽ˣεĶʵûа취⡣
ֱʼŽһѧϰ
Ҳⷽ츳ȻŽѧϰҲû̫ʱ䣬ÿŽţǰЩ飬ȴżٶȾͱڻͨ
ǰ躸ҲֻǿЩѣʱЩݣһּٶȱԼĶ
ǰҲûְֵĽ̹ˣȻҲͲ֪ʦν̵ӵģɴͰԼ뷨̣ʱʱĻ躸һЩ֮£躸Խ֮ӳġ
躸˵ĽѧٺʲģҲ̶ʱ֮ڣͻȡԶЩϢ
ʱܽ⣬ʱѧЩ躸д˸תڽЩ֮ſ˵
׵ܹ֮ʮڳո¶ͷǣڲʮʱͱΪΪмӣսݣҲΪʱľһ佫ȡףսĹͣʥڼȻܲͣˣĵλ
Ϊòһ˵ô໰躸ʱЩӦЩĿİģҪ˳ࡣ
ԹžͶ롢񾡹֮£ʥϲòøף񣬱߹սЪ忴Ҳ״ˣٶʱ֮ǲپˣʥϲõı߹صԽλȨصĸףɵҲ¡
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253 츳

躸˵ЩԸǰǴûġ
ȻСҲûиĸţȴ躸չˣ躸ʵҲֻǴ˲ꡣ
Ƕ˵Ըʵ˵ģ躸һ磬ǰЩ겢ûиĸ۰άǲȫûиܹ顣
ҲΪ躸չˣ躸ԸɾҪࡣ
ֻδĥѣŻᵥ
ԣ躸˵ЩԸһʱ֮䶼ɵסˡ
Ŀ
ǵģȫһ
Ըŵʱ躸δͣڼ˵š
ѾǹøǰǺܿ죬ʥϾҪ޿͵ˣοͶսʮأھеָʥλҪøߣȴʥһ̵ġ
֮ԻᱻջطأΪĸ˳ͻΪ˽ռ˰ʹðտ಻ԣԶҡĴ£ʥȻ̣Ȼ̣ȻҲһᴦóѰĸΪڣֻΪ˶סׯ̫졭
Խ˵躸ԽԵš
ֳʥϵֻǰҲޣʥȻҲںӹǺǻ֮ԻΪε¶ϳͳֳп˿Դʾʥ϶ԸԼεӣӵԼһϳ͡
Ҳп׿ģΪӣΪ˸ԼǸܴףǸøӸмԼҳϲǣ֣ʥϵһֳܴﵽЩĿģǺֵõġ
躸һ˵꣬ȻֳĬ
ȻϿ躸ʱĳĬ޶£ʵϣʱȴоǰûй˷ܡ
ǵģ˷ܡ
˷ǰƺȻ躸Եģһۺʱ䵭Ĭˣô
ڣ躸ȷʵܵˡ
š
̸ԼϲĶʱȻȻͻеķӦɡ
躸ϲģǾܶѼϢȻ֪ЩϢпܵĽĹ̲˷ܣҲгɾ͸С
躸˵꣬ܽͽʵЩ𶯡
Ҳ躸ķȫԣҲʮ֮߰ˣҪǣ躸ǰҲδԳ֮йٽӴҲʱʱʱ˵һЩˡ
ˡ
ܷôĶҲֻ츳ˡ
ܽ죬Ҫ˵ȴԸȡ
Ըһݵؿ躸Щ̾ص磬ô֪ôࣿЩôһ㶼ûأ
ΪʥλǳڶԼҵأ뵽滹ôư
躸ԿԸһۣû˵ܵܡ
躸ģȴĵġ
磬ûȻΪûдˣ
Ը̲סۣҽҲû㰡ô֪Ҷأ
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ˣһܽͽ񣺡ףĸף˵Ķ𣿡
ܽЦŵ˵ͷ躸Ķԡ
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躸ʳָ΢΢һ¡
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ʱ躸ԸԭǻСҺĸײû˵Щ£ڽңЩűͲѵ˸ϵʲô֪ʱȥѶҪסһ۵Щ£ǾԲõȥ˵ģճţǾһҪսˣ֪𣿡
˵಻
Ҫһ˽ʥϣѾˣ̸ݴ˳ȥᱻʷһʱﶼġ
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ʵϣ躸Ƿĵġ
躸Ȼ٣ȻʮأǲԵģο躸ĬԵӣ˹Ҳ˶˵仰
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ԣŻ룬ľ֪ء
˵ԸɫҲȻףĸףǷģһԵģ
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254 

ı֤ͬʱԸҲȻһʹ
ǰЩǱ躸ڸ׺ĸ˼תֱ֮׺ĸ׻ţķ˵оġ
ʵ֪Щܹ˰ȣǵˡ
򡭡
ͷҪȥ˴һܵԸֻһδε֮гˣ´˾֪ģҲֻǱ˰ֹˡ
Ǳ⼸ֻţŰͬʱʵҲΪЩʲôģֻڴ֮ǰнܽԼ躸ڣԸͲ֪ǻܹʲô
ڡ
֪ˣԭｫһֱôΣǣĲ࣬ҲԱսǵ죬븸ĸֳһΪ˱İŬ
ʹУҲɴ˶
ţ̥Ĭͬصףĸף磬Ƿģ˵ģǾԲκ˵֣
ֻûзˡ
źģܽ΢ů
Ѿһʱ䣬ΪͽȥʮȱʧǵȻģʵϣȴǺȴѾˣһδɢѾɢˡ
ãܽʱ˹ҲˣһŬúǲڶǼʧȥҲһ˺ǵġ
Ҳǵ죬躸ٵΣԸټᶨĸܵǰй
⣬һҡ
ܽۿ˲Щʪ
ôʱŬڽ˳Чôܲ˲
ע⵽ܽˣվܽߣڵӺ֣ܽıʾο
Ȼӣ֪ԣܹУͺˡ
Ӷ˵ͷ
֪ҲͰˣ֪ԼΣȻǰԡ
ˣº͵صͷˣĸ׻ЩҪ˵Ȼȥɡ
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ƽʱԸֻ»Ҫܽĸǰղһ죬һӻȡ̫ϢȴҪʱúһ²С
ȺǶ뿪ˣܽ̾һڽ񿴹ʱȴЦҽ졭ܸˡ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôˣܽԶסܽļͷŽڳŵΪ֣صصˣȥĲܱı䣬һһһֲǣһˣһã
ܽۿЩȡ
á

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񿴳˸У˳תƻ⣺ˣڿᵽΪλӲˡ
˵̾һ
ˣҲȫΪתƻⰲοܽС
ܽһȻü˻
Ըı֣šüͷͷ۵ӣǰδ룬Ըϰ䣬ֻܳԵݿ࣬ҲȥˣڿԸֱһӣгɣҲսȥ
˶ڴӾߣдֱˬΪӡ󣬵ʵȴǣսϣһͨ飬ܻóã
ܴսʤģһǾøһ
԰
Ը飬ǲʺսҪȻֻжƵġ˵ĻЩ
ôһɵӣٵǹĸٻ꣡
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ܽһЦЦݼΪů
ĸΪ˶ŮģⱾǧͥĳ̬Ȼ⣬ҲֻһСҶѣҪΪʮǰıʣͽ񶼲⣬Ҳ±ĸĸǰ㣬ΪŮǲģһĳɳ
ȻҲѾص֮С
ܽԣⱾһֵ˵ˡ
Ļȴǻû˵꣬
ܽЩȣôˣ
ǸңԸһҪеôΣ˶ŮеڴҲǼ޸˼ңȻŮ˳һѡ
ܽ̽ŮǷƽΪǧ궼ģҲȥıЩֻΪãƺûʲôⰡ
ȻΪ
͸ˣšüͷˣҪ֪Ϊܹһ˴һյӿ˵Ǿ޽еģ⾩Ǹүӵģ˲ӵұģ飬ǼһķܶùЩͨģ
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255 һ

ܽ΢΢˳顣
Ϊкθ߼أȴ룬˵˰죬ȴǹڿԼ
ܽͲ뿴⣬ǹһա⼸֣ǻȲ˵˰ɣϾǶʮ꣬Ÿǹ۶мʮأ˭֪⼸ʮᷢЩʲô˵ͱˡ
һġû˵
Ϊû˵ֱ꣬Լ콫ܽסˣΪ˱ʾԼЩж಻ˣ˺һ
ֱܽ˫ú޵ģ뿪ЩһЩΣյĿ⿴ܽˣǲǴһգǿԱ߱ơ
ܽתƻ⣬ˣǿԺ˵˵ɡ
ܽǺ޵˫΢΢׻˳ܽ˼ת˻⣺ӣǼˣҪ۸𣿡
ʱֻܽתƻ⣬˵ȴֲԾЩŭ
ǰЩ꣬ûںǵߣͶԺĴΣ躸ԸжҲͰˣҵж׶ǱˤųģŮҾͲһˣСӶ٣ԽҵĹﶼǱƱһŻŵġ
ǰûܼ̳ĴͳĴ⣬ֱһƬȸĳԼܵȥֲأԼĹŮŮһһĶӣŮӶܹĿأ
üͷšԽԽ
ܽʧЦҲ̫ԶЩЩǷĶ࣬ģҲʮ꣬ٳҲʡõģ޻мأھЩǲ̫ˣ
ȷʵЩ硣
Դˣл˵
˴ԲӣȻм꣬ΪĺжѰ˵⼸ʱ䶼ѰһأʱҪô죿һʱпܳͷģ
ܽһ飺⵽ǣڱŷĿԼ
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ȻڵĽˣڿԼ
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ܽʳ⣬ҲûҪŽĻشԹԵ˵ȥʵҲ㵣ġ
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ȻǴܽǰԼԼ˼ĵǣȴҲ治ġ
洿ƣ޺֮⣬ǳ֮ҪԷͨС檣ңֻҲֻбƵġ
ȻĹֻҪһ첻ϲĸ¶֣Ҳ¶౻ƼΣҲܵõɳ˵ҲøֶηƱˡ

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ǿԣȻϣܹһӱ洿ơ
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ӣ۵˹
ȱʧʮ꣬ںǣǳԣȻȻľͽˣΪʮû߶Ҫֲǡ
ҲΪˣܽǰ㶼Լĺίġ
ǹңܽôҪߣҲܾˣһȻҲ˲Ŀܡ
һա
ֻҪԼܽһ֧ġ
ܣŮί
ܽ˵ȴǾЩŹ֣ûмŻӦܽЩšüͷܽˣôãڽ˸ΪҪ黨ǲݣҪΪ룿
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ܽ˽һۣ˵أ㶫ʲô
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256 

Σڳһ
ܽ˽һۣż֮ǰĻ⣺ǰҾ˵ƴɱֻΪңҲΪߴ·ʱлͷͷⱾҲʵֻҪһ첻ʼܹӵȻˣǺΣ
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ܽϵĳȻ˵ﲻãҪϿһ㶼Щ徫Ůϼ޸Զ
ԶܽףܽԾǱһʻţϡ
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ֻΪСͿηԼģܽϡ
ҲΪۣԸŮпܳļġ
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ѾܽĸǰƴڻʲôԵģܽļ磬뻳Уˣ躸ԸǵĶŮֻҪΪǺãʲôҶ֧֣
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ܽ΢΢һ٣Ȼᡰšһ
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ܽüͷԽšԽ
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ȻⲢΪһ˫ֳۣڻûдڸУͿǶԳҲͬǿ۵ġ
֮˲ֳΪܳ裬ΪģΪ˵Ϊʵ˲òӦ
ܽһ˵Ҳİ
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˵ģֳҪûˣҪûӣʲôûа취˺ӵġ
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ʱܽͽû뵽ǣǺ֪ܿˣֳʲô
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257 

ܽһ
ͽһۣã־ջ۵ģֳĺˡ
յ֮ܽͽﵹûʲôη塣
ȻǲΣգôܽʵǺܺ泤ֳЩʲôģϾֳʲôûУǰҲֻǴЩԣҪ˼ӵѣܽûҲûлʱЩҲֻ˰ۼѣûжԺɶӰ졣
Ͼ躸öĺӣֻҪڣôΣ˵ʵҲûôҪ
һ㣬Щ竣ҲȻܹȢϱҲȻܹż÷ˮ֪ˡ
ͱ
ȻֳֶֻЩôҲûеͻȻ֮ͱˡ
ܽ񲢲ģֻдĺˡ
ĺ棬һȺʲô
ܽһʣӳѩһҧط˵ĻԺ˵һȺˣһ˵˵ҪǸ￴δĶϱ
ҲֻôһλѣǸ˵ҪδĶϱȻҲǳġ
ô
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ܽǿĿ˵ء
Ϊֳ뵽ʲôأԭ˵¶
ǧ֮ǰǵ±ô˵֮¾Ҳκε˺ˡ
Ͼ˾˵ҲȲǧĳϲǣȻʲôۣھǧϱǰ㳰֮󣬺ҲͶԵЩ޹ؽҪˡ
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ԡ
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ⶫ˵ҪȻҲҪģ˵ҪҲûôҪ֮ΪάԸȥҲһЩ˶֮֮ԱǣֻͼԼʹ죬ۡ
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飬ʱûоΪˣΪȥȱˡ
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ǻĴ治ġ
ĸ׺ĸ׾ϲݵˣҪΪǰЩ¶۵ܽͽָ㣬ֻĳڰյú޲øԼơ
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ܽʧЦʳָšüͷ˵㣬ȵüĵĽɿˣŵѾͷССôҪסܹھ㣬ܹĵλΪжãΪ㸸ƴɱ˶ʮ꣬Ϊսͷ­Ѫȱǣ˵ָ飬κεˣ
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΢΢һ
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ܽ⻰֪ԼעҪգ飬ı飬ҲãͦȤġ
֪ģʹӱܽǣߣҴߡ
ԽߣԽ̧ͷͦأͦñֱžһֻŶֽһ㡣
ӶһۣҲûе飬ܿ͸ܽ׷ȥ
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258 

һ˺ܿ˴Ŵ
ռһ˴լ߳Ҳ˲һӵʱ䣬ôһĹΪſڵȺžͲˣĴѾۼǿ֣ǿЦˡ
ʱǿνǷޣĽ˺ֲܶ࣬˵ĸǲ٣˸Ƕ࣬ⲻһҪʲô¶ˣɲΧôһȦô
Ҫ֪סģǿɶǾյȨ֮ңôʱһֻΪ˿֣ɴ˿ɼˡ
пֵ֮УվǸȦ࣬Ź¶Цģɲô
ϴԸ˵ĳͻ֮Уһȣ֮²òԸǿǽӶˣǸҪˣʱҲû븮Ȼأþͳʱˡ
ⲻһ˵ֿԿö쳤ë˵űߵĻ˳
ż⣬ǸŴ綼òУƫƫڿ˵ԼδϱСĸˣϲɵ¶һЦݡ
ְɣְɣֵ˸һڸû˲źأ

һ̣Цݾͽϡ
ΪĲŴ򿪣ܽ˳ǵ躸á
ľʹ˸䡣
Խ¡
ϴνһȻûϣȴϣ֮˺üĶΣﲻ֪ٴεıһ˸͸
ܽҲµġ
ǵãʱܽϵʱ˪ɫԼʱǺ޲ýж˿ɱ
ԣܽͽûзϽŹȺһЩֱȺΧţ˿о˼ְȫС
ܽͽȻûǸйע
ûйΧ⿴ֵȺĿֱӾ䵽˱ΧмһȺˣԼһֱʱڲҪδϱĸˡ
⸾ˡ
ӦĹĸˡ
Ϊ֮ܽͶϸ˽
ɥĹĸϿˣźôһֱ飬Ҫȷʵж츳Ҳǲܹ飬ƫƫȻʱ黹мֳɫӦǡСʱˣδؼѡĻԽǷԵԽļˣȵʮ߰ϣȻˡ
ҲΪˣһ˶ˣãҲټ֧ˡ
ϾһˣĻĶ࣬Ȼڿƾ֮·߳ͷǻ罫ЩӻڸлرأΪҪϰ׻ӣ
ϣġ
ҲΪڷôһֺúƭĴǧŻԥľ;ҪץʵַԸ
ϣҲͬġ
ƭЩ൱һֻǳ֮ڡ
ò˵ĸҲǲһ˲һˡ
ҲȷʵϵģĴС㣬ķƭ֮£ûöҲľͼ̤Ǿı֯ɵ
˭뵽ĸãǼҴ󴬣ӴԺһƽƵʱֻһ˵ͻȻ֮ͱٲأ
ϴαܾ֮ʧǵĻ˼ҡ
֪һΣûϣˡ
ǰܹεƿƾ޷ҲأһеǰᶼԼ⣬ˣǿ
涼ţ˵ˡ
ȥһ˵ͬġ
ǡ
Ǳ֮µө㲻ϣٲģΣ
ԣǰʱ䣬ʧһ
벻ף֮ǰһжúõģҲûκҪƿصļΪʲôͻȻ֮䣬һоͶˣҲ֧أ
Ҳʱ򣬳ֳҵϡ
ڽ˵ֳ㲻ʲô˵ֳҪûˣҪûӣϵͻȻǵģȴһλǰôҲӴĹˡ
λˣ֮ǣȴ֧ǽȢؼҡ
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259

ԭҪ˵ֱǿ˯˾˵ͷ
ǰȲķߵһ⣬ƫƫûа취ת⣬ôһ˳֣Ǯǳ⣬²֪⵽ܲЧҲ㹻ǰųֳķȥһˡ

һԣҲûʧ
ҲΪˣǽһС
ûһȺģֻϣҲˣֻһֱûôûб⵽ѡ
һЩˣȴˡ
֯һҪ̤Уż۳ֻһʸסˣϱͲǸ͵ˣټЩҲǿǹӲҪľһֱ鵽ڡ
ҲΪˣ±ôãʱϵﵽ׻Щġ
£ò׿˷Ļᣬ͵
ͬ棬֮ϾѾﴵΪŮˡ
ԴˣǵȻǻɾӶġ
żҲʲô壬ھǶûһϯ֮أǾ۾ڳ⼸ʮﴦһżҶҲֻӯ࣬㲻ϡ
ɥֻһ̱ĹĸվƤֵǼҿٵģ顣
˼ҡ
ҲȢС㣿
żҪˣǲйˡ
ɽˡ
ֻʱҲȷʵŮҲû취˵ĸǰôһȦɣţҲûκεİ취ȵ飬͸ٴʲôţˡ
ɳֳ֮󣬲ӣֳ⣬ţҲǽֵԽԽõģȻǾ͸ɴЩŵǵһ⣬ǺúÿǲʶС㡣
ԣôһȺ¡
ܽͽһ߳ע⵽ˡ
ûмܽ뽪ģָˣܹõ˭ˡ
ϳ˵ݣĳ˳ϵ䣺ˡ
˵ŻĿȴϡ
ϴαܾ֮һֱ벻ףһûӵĴС㣬ǰҲȷʵƭתģģֻҪҪ˽һܾġ
ǡ
Ϊʲôô̵ʱ֮ڣͻȻͷƫأ
ʱɻִˡ
ʵҲˣҲֻ⿴һۣܿͽĿŲˡ
Դ
޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ޿˹Ӹġ
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260 

ܽͽֻһۣ㽫Ŀ˻
˵ģǶδϿ
ܹ֣޷Ҳǽǰйôһνδʲôָ֮ͷ
̫Щ
ܽãֳĸҲǳһҧ˵ҲҪ˵뷨ˡ
󷽲ͷĸӶˣ򷢰ɣˣԺٲҪΪǶκεĽ黳ˡ
֮ĸӶٸҾܽʵҲ֪ʲôˡ

ھ˵Ҳôһ
⻰΢΢һܿһЦ˵ͷĸףģһ᳹׽Ǵߵģ
˵Щ׺ˡ
һڵӲף˭ƻǾԲģ
ĸŮ˵ʱǱĸӶһۣҲ˶
һܽͽƿһȺˣ첽ǰӭȥһǱߣһ߻ЦȲӴ׼Һ׼ҷ˰ɣҵĶŮ֮¶ôˣ⵹ǵһμ׼Һ׼ҷˡ
˵ܽͽѾԶˡ
˽һۣݣ¶һЩܿ΢΢ƫͷ䵽ܽϡ
˵ôصģôſҲǴˣӦúܺöԸɣ
ţϵЦȴû˿ı仯ܽ˫֣Ҫȥܽ֡
νֲЦˡ
ԭΪôԼЦӭģҲʲôû˵أܾܲͱ˰ɣ
Ҳ룬ƾΨһ˵仰ҪǷڱ˼ңѾܹ˼ҹŮˣָ˸
ò˵Ҳͦ
ܽΪؿһۣûϰһ
ϵЦһ
ܽӦԣŸҴŵܽǱȥԽȴǲκһĲģʱܽǱ˹ȥȥҲ˿С
ԭΪôˣΪЩ˼֤۷ģڣ۷廹ûȥأܽ档
һʱ֮䣬ϾЩҲס
˵ЩҲǿˣƤܴô飬Ѿںʲô棬ҲûʲôˣʱܽλεĿϣҲӦǡ
˭óֳϺôһϣأ
ųֳȥ˸˵ֻҪôһվִҲͺˣʱû΢ȥ˼ҶҪôһϱЩûһټϳֳں˵ЩҪȢŮҲͲʲôˡ
ֳȥ˻ôһƺʱҧʱζȢ֮ŸϷˣǧҪɫµˡ
һʱϾԼĹͷ˼ʱܷȥˡ
¡
Ȼǰȫںˡ
ϾԺҪϷ˵ˣ
Ͼãδ׼ܵ˵úǲá

ܽͽ»ûʵأܲھֵϲÿϺײŽǹӲøѹȥ
Ȼŭѹȥˣȴܾˡ
ţȵ޽żҵţһҪúý֪һ£ĸҪ̷
վԼС̵ģǾǹ˳˵㡣
ջ֣һ㶼黳ģЦ鲻صҲǺͿˣμ棬ûü֪һ׼Һ׼ҷҵݣĸףҵĶŮȻѾ֮ˣͷһ׼ңҲ
ܽûѻ˵ֱ꣬Ӵϣ׼ҡǿǲҵ£ĸǿԼ˼ġ
ϣǿٿһۡ
ȻΪܽӶв죬ͬʱҲɵø
ǲҶԸȻû·׻ռأǶ˲⣬ܲܵóԸǸδ֪֮
ڣ˾Ȼ˵СԼҲȫԼԸ
ǿɾ̫ˣ
ˣȻûµСöԸ
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261 ŭ

˵ˣѾǽС£ģֻҪ˲ԣԸһСѾͷǲ˵˸ף
¡
Ǿ͵ð϶˰
ţкһܡ
ܽͽĿվܽб󷽵ͺнһ㡣
ֵͬģ
ò˵˲ĸӣ뷨ҲһģǵĿҲȷǰĻܽͽһֱܽ׽ܽ׿˵ģ¶Լֻʣˡ
ΪȢʸ̤֮·ϣҲƴˡ
Ͼڿһֻһ㿴Ҫǰܽͽվǰ棬ֻ¾Ҫյĸǰȥˡ
λǽС˰ɣСܶˣȴһֱԵüһֱǼ˽СˡҪֵһߣѧ秵˵ֻܽ˾Щײġ
ϵĻԼֳҲڲסͼģܽǷŭ
˽ƵģҪʱֻҪ뵽Ǿı֯Ŵ
ֻҪһ뵽ļ޸ʲôӣֽܽĳ嶯

׻Ǿ˽
ԵȻѾȥˣһĸӶ˼ȻԼ⿪
Ҳ˵ĺƭ
˵ˣʹʲôУмܲסⲻǻԼͽԱ߿
ܽǻعͷŹ˵ͷ
յܽĹһȻԽܽͽվǰֱӶ̰֮ԲĿ⡣
ңк£Ŭѧܽĵ˵
΢΢һ㶡
ǰûмеӡҲ
Ľ֮УǸûӵĴС㣬ϲЩûʲôôĻҲͰˣȻѻдŪСĹµ档
ϵĶӵȻĺǹС㣬Ҳûʲô䲻ϵ˵οС㻹Щȱ۶ĶûͲˣ
ȻˣҲ֪ͳȢһû۶ĴСѾ˸ˣĲǼΪڴµġ
ԭΪСȻѾԵˣΨһ谭Ҳ˶ѡ
뵽棬ȴ䵭
ⲢϵԤ֮С
˺һϲǻعˡ
ʮȻǿˣƤܹģӻеģȻֻ˵ôһ仰Ҳˣδĸûеǰ𾴡
˵
û˵ء
ϸоΣС
ĸгֳں涵ףҪĻΪǶصģҪû˼˵ǻǳֳˣǵʥϣҲָָܺ°
ϵĿ΢΢һ
ķӦҲܿ죬ֻǾһ֮ϾͶЩЦСҲ̫Щ͸ˣ˵ļλͬǼ֤ˣԭżȻͶϣȻӦЩףû뵽鵢ˣһֱڲŵÿա
˵Цּࡣ
Цݣټ͸˼׵ľͽΧֵ˾Ļࡣ
˶ãļҾΣǵĴŴܿһˣ˼ҾȻҶŵף˵Ļɼеģ˵⽪ҵСѾ
ţһʱ֮䣬ٿʱ⡣
ȻǽҵŮ˵ǽŮˣǻҵĹǰʧĳҲǻᱻǧָģ
⽪С㿴Ͳ⵨ӣǲС
ϵĻٱεĿ⿴ţһϣȻرŭΪŭͨ졣
ǰ˶Ҳǳָһˣֺʱô翴ණĿ⿴
ʱһֱܽţʱίʶıҪ㵽ܽ󣬱ܽš

׻뷨ѹȥ
-

262 ŵ

ֻܽҪܽһ㣬ܽһỤٽϺ˴ˣܽҲԼǰ
ǡ
ǰܽеĹ
ôŶĿ⣬ûаĿһһɨЩˣһֱ׳ζ
ǰЩʱЩֵ˲Ķֿණ˵һ㶼ûǵĶ⡣
ڣĻʱЩʶľЩ飬Ųߡ
ľһ
ڽ˶֮Ŀ䵽ϵϣȴһ۶
˵΢΢°ͣûжٱ飬ֻôһϸ΢Ķȴ׵ľ͸оİҺʲôβ
һϡ
ڼ֮ǰܻܶеķӦߵģŭģֻŵġ
ȵȡ
Ψһû뵽ľǣ޶ԵķӦ˵˵һ²ؼİһ㣬а㺣
ϲɵÿ
ỳĻ˵Ѿ£ס˽СģֶֻĿܣ
ڼ̬ȣһʱȴЩò׼ˡ
ϲࡣ
ȻϴμʱѾ˵˵úˣǽҲΪǰǰ׾أ֮ǲţҲԸܹ˵
Լ̬֮ȣȴĿʼֻ
֮ǰܰοԼֻǰ˲ŻԼ˵ЩĻʵԼģ˶Ѿ˲Ļˣϻ̬ȣûа취ˡ
е֣޷ҲǾ飬̶ûˣƾʲôȢС㣿

Ŀֻֻһ˲ͱǿѹȥ
һ⣬ụ̂ôǴ˼в֮ģȻѾˣǻܴĿģǰװ׿
ԣѸٵĻһףС㣬һղѾмʮδˣСԽС˼
⻰Ҫͬʱ̲סһļƤ
ֻ˽Լϱ˵Ȼ˭Ҳܲŵģɵô˵˵ǾЩḡˣ˲ò룬ǲ⽪С㱾һḡ֮ˣʹϰ˵
Ϊ뷨˿Ŀٴαù
ٴξԼǰֻϹˣҪȻôûǸʲôأ

ΪЩɵ˵˵ЩͿ׮£Ρ
ŹӣҺҲֻʶѣûô죬˵˻ġص
һ⻰ͶЩţ˺һԴЩС㣬֪ҳƶ䲻ϴҳ㣬ȴһ桭
šüͷҡҡͷ
һ㶼˵Щ˵ˡ
ԣû˵꣬һشĻ˵ûȷʵ䲻ҡ
һ⻰ڳ͸˼ѪƵġ
⿴ҲͼһֺǣȻǳԽԽԽЩ;ˣ˿û뵽⽪С㵱ô˵棬ҲὫ̱һ¶ҪŸпͷ
˶ѾˣϷˣҪν龰֮˺ú˵һ˵
ȴסˡ
ķӦ
Ԥ֮а
˽Ǵǰ˵ԼͬҲ˵꣬İοҪԷƱ˵Щ֮ĻڣΪķӦأ
ãƺѾƿأʼԼһ⵽ܴܲĿˡ
ڣȻѾݲôˡ
С㣬㣬㡭ԭﾹ˿Сģһܴģ
ûġΪ䵭صȻعͷָϷʮԣָָһԲʨ״ʯŹӺôҲǸˣѧĲôҲ֪νŵԣ˵Щֻͽ˷ЦĻ֮ǰȺúԣǺŵǰм̨ס
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263 

˲ǵͨ졣
Ȼһֶû˵һһ䣬ʶĵӣȫϡ
Ҳֻû˵㲻䡱ˡ
ƫƫԼ֪˵һҲûд
ĹƣƷϿԣƷĸֻʮԣǰԭǰ͸˽֮ҲʷʥԣƲϣȴʥϰ²ᡣ
ʥԵı¶ƫˣȻŽҵԽ˵£ʮԣǴǰİ˲̨ףδ֮
Ҫŵ˵ĻģҲĵˡ
ô
ֻ䣬ֺŵ뻧ԣ
ΧһȦȻǴ˿ֵģⷬȴͬģͷýŸý˫ϵĻأɴ˿ɼ⡰ŵԡжҪˡ
ֻһƶѧϻʣһˣҪȢŮ˿ҲȷʵЩ쿪
СӣʲôϸӣĪǣһжԼĳģ
˶ɵÿ
ô˸ĿţֻЩĿƺʱʱ޲þ͵ڸضȥźá
ûѿ
һɻΪλôĸı䣬ǰʶһǧС㣬ȣȫһһ
ͬʱ־óķŭ
ǰˣǰֻܿõһˣĻǴŲɣŹ˶ãƾʲôôת䣿
һ˲䣬Լ˱˵ĸо
ҧķŭǿѹ£˫ĿᣬصС㣬˵û֪Լ䲻㣬ǣҪģСǾκ˲ģֻҪСԸⴹСḺ˽Сģ
ֻûָ췢ˡ
ⷬ˵ģǰǰ˼ֻֻᱻжȻĵˡ

ݳֻÿЦ
ԡüνģһеľҪȢС㣬Ҹӣ
һ㶡
⣬ķӦԤ֮а
ѵС㲻ӦΪô֪һƶ֮˶ͣ˳Ļ¸Բȥ
ϵһʣһʱ֪ԼӦӦˡ
ңûСֻʶķϡ
ȴЦһڿɲ𣿱ССʳĳΪֻƾ⼸ɰͰ͵ĻܺҸȥŹӣеѽ
ͣ
˶̲סЦ
￴ֵģǸļҾ죬ǱȲҲٶƷϵĴԱ֮ңԶЩ޳ɲģǶͬŵһ㡣
κΰΧ˵˽ϴ˶ʱʱ˹ֻƤģǱ˺ݺɿһ
ȻƶһʮĸףЩûܶίĴֻ޲ô˵֮³ʧźá
ϵһʱ䷢ľ
ںҲˣʹﻹ̵ס
С㣬㵱Ҷ˽ʱ򣬿ɲ˵ǣЦһ˵С˵ֻ˵̫ˣѾԼ׶˭˵Щˣ
ҲǷ˺ݡ
ǽղܽ׮䵽ʵ֪ĽȻˣǽȵȥҲһҪײɣ
ţϿﶼź֮⡣
ɫһ䣺ϣտڰ͸ҵĪΪβ㣿
Ļ뻮һǰһ׺ݵĿ϶ɵսսҪ֪ԼĸѾûк·˵϶Ҫˡ
ϸеµʱȴǻһתĸѾ˵ˣҵĻԼȻ޵޲ţһҲܿҪҵķʵҲǲԡ
һתۣϺʱͷųϣĹâ
ԭΪĿĲܴˣ뵽ܷ·תܲ˷ܣ
ĸı֣Ṵ˹ȻˣҲġ
-

264 Ļ


Ϻ
ǼҵôܲǸͲʵֵģ֮⣬ҪǼҵжùȥҲûжġ
Ϊһ仰תϺֻûϲˡ
˶ֻһ˵˶ڵһʱͷ
һۣ΢΢˹Żڵʵҵܼ򵥣˰Сͱĸ׳ţͲͷѹţ˭ҪȢңǿȵýϸĸŵһȥĶϱһ̷ţ
˵ָؿһۣŽʣµĻ˵ˣǾ޿ܵġ
⻰ϺɫЩѿ
˵ɫѿѿȴЩһ
ɫһ֮ȴЩ˼޵ĿǱ߿һۣȻʵЩĶģֻǰԼΧô˵棬ûֱ˵ѡ
ϡ
ĻȴǱβһֱӾ
ⲻܣϼ
˵ŻϾ͸һﻹа֮ǰֳºͣ
˵ϣԲһջôΪܹ飬ϧȫԼ棬Щ˿ãΪҲгϢгϢ֮ĸ׵Ҳܹĸѡ
ϲԼʩʲôġ
ĸĸ
ҪȻΪһҪӣͼĲ⼸ô
ԣ֪ʶ˹С㣬һ£סλСģϲŻôˡ
ҪƽƵ뷨Ǵģб£ҪȻǹСôֻӣ
ΪܹȢС㣬ϻûٰıߡ
ͬʱϻֽûٽõȥ˵
ֻûмҲˡ
֪֮ϾһֱڻţȵȢ˹С㣬ŹСǷļױҲܹϴū澵ˣùСأ
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뿴С㣬ԼǰҲҪС̷ţκεΥǶ˵һ£
£˵ҪԼɨسţ̣
ϵļУüΪβܣҲżǸʲôĹ⾰ΪС㣬Ҫļ޸˵¼޶̧ˣѲ㻹ָҼȥż֮󻹽㵱̫һţ
˵ЦЦһۡ
Ȼû˵һʹųȻڷϵ쿪
û
ֻ֮ǰеĻ붼ⲻмһ۸ˡ
Ҫ֮ǰΪܹ˳ȢôίҲܹȥֻܵ޹˱Ҳˡ
ڣڵ֪ȢҲѹûĵضϣ֮£ﻹ̣
ûע⵽ϵʹɫҲקѽŭûżҵţѾڼƻŽĸȥˣСĽ˴۽簡
ЦһѲɣ㻹ǰͷС
ѾЩԾˡ
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265 

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266 

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271 ͨ

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272 

ϼȻ˶ѾˣȻܽĸǰӡ
СãȷʵϸĻ˽չ˵öлСˡϵ
ǰľȻһλˣܽҵĹϵȴǼΪԭиͿϾһȻ뾸˽ύˡ
ԣ᳡ϣϼܹӵġ
ҲûûƤˣ֪˲ԼҲϸŵȥͽˣԼ޽ʶĸ˵ǲ٣֮ĵģȴ֮١
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һܽĸı䣬ϱҲǷǳ˵ģΪӵĻ£Ǹϲռ˱˵ģ⣬ҲֻܺƤմˡ
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ټϣ񾸰˹ϵΪ˳ˣ뾸׼ң˵ɴҲùϵ
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̼ҴҲӴΣ֪һˣųĹһҲȥġ
Ͻ˵һ顣
̼ҡ
ܽｫԼ֪ģڳ̼ҵ¶һ顣
֪Լ۾һһѾȥʮ꣬Ϊ˸õӦʮľǣܹܽܽǸϢʸȻҲг̼ҡ
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СǺֲڸ󡱵˵ڸÿһλϣɶǺֳ𿴳̼ҴүƷߣΪӽ˵һվڸ
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̼Ҷү¬Ů֮󣬺ܿһŮҲ˵λ̼ˡ
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273 

̼Ҳ֮׵ĵλټϵ¬Լ˳̼ҶүҲŻס
̼ҲֻȢ¬ϵ֦Ů¬Ŀǵ̼̫СûϣҲͬ޸֦Ů֦Ůôᷴ¬ҵ֦ĵŮ޹أ
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һ̼Ȼ͸ᱻλĸҲĸˡ
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274 

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֮ߵûйϵҲˡ

ǳϸףС¬ϻߵ˹ϵ
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275 

ܽţҲȻ˸ܹܴ
ܽ˵֪ԼˣԼĶͷֹĸףҲԹҶ밡˭ó̼ҵģ˵ˣǻ˱ˣֻҲһ뷨ġ
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ң
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ѾǶʮȥˣԴʶнѾƲӣʥʮһֱûͣ¹н죬Ҳûֵˡ
֪Ϊʥϲ뽫һͬʱʵҲ˵ʥϵĲΡ
ֻΪõϽʥϲûǰԵĽⲻα¶ѡ
վڵĽǶȣֵôһرھżĳӣȻ԰޵ġ
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276 ɵ

ֻעվʥϵȥġ
ֻ֪һôҪЩˣͺпΣա
ʥ϶¹͵ĹĴʴȣ
ͬ˵ǰ㣬Ĳġ
ܽ꽪Щ˺һ̾Ϣһ
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սϣȻЩӦó֮ΪԼ˵
ΪˣսʬȻûл˵Щı֮УЩƽˡ
ɣܽ뽪һͬںԼԼԼߵˡ
ԣЩǵĿԼǵԼܲ˵Щܽס˽֣ҺͺǵİΣʥϵʴ֮ģɣҲԡʲôҶ֧㡣
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ﶸȻһɡ
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ڣܽ˫ůţȴĶ
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ǽǰ¹ͣҪɱһӣҲɣ
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ܽ˵ģЩرĽ죬սϵġ
ھн˵ʵЩɱġ
ĿɱԼԼԼļϡ
ܽŽϴԼҪͺǵľģܽ΢ů
ͷŽֻʱƺκʱҪøǱѾ㹻ڵòҲˡ
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ܽĽ񣬺ðζûŲߡ
ܽţֻһԽԽֽ̣ԼĹͷĳ嶯

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С¬ƣô˿ԼС¬˯һŴϣڳֶʥ鳤˵һ֮ѿľˡ
ΪôһˣҪ¬Ϻ룬ҪȢС¬ϣ
Ȼǲġ
ԣ¬Ľ֮󣬳û𸴣ֱӾʹ¬Ϻʱ׵ĳ毻˾ǡ
ԭΪǶ⣬¬ҵȻҲ޼ƿʩҲܵΪֹˡ
ǳ¬ϣ̫͹С¬Ҫ޸ľˡ
ڳ¬ϻ˾֮󲻾ã¬Ͼյ˼еš
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С¬ǵ֦ճʱ¬һ֮˾ףȻС¬²ûиҲȫһˣĸĸܾܲ
ǣС¬ʮ׽¬壬Ҳ¬үȰ˵֮£С¬ϵĸ׸ɴв¬ϵĸĸ
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283 

С¬ϵĸ¬֮ˣ¬ϵĸףȴֻ¬ҵ֦Ȼȫûпɱ֮ġ
¬ϵĸĸȻҲ֪¬ˣֻ°뱲Ӷֻޱȣʼʱ֪¬ҵ֮ˣ¬ϵĸĸҲҧϴӦġ
С¬ǸΪĿĲֶεģ֮Իӣһ棬ҪҲǴСĿȾɴҲ֪ĸ֣Բʲôʡ͵ĵơ
¬ϵĸĸϵͷС¬ϵĸױû˵ʲôعͷ¬ϵĵܵȥķ
¬ϵĵܵʱ򲻹ʮ꣬ͲǶͣһգʱʱľһȥķȾ϶񫣬Ҳʲôϡ¡
ֻͰˣС¬ϵĸ׻ķһ˾֣¬ϵĵܵһҹ֮Ƿ˶ķӣöķ˸ˣųҪǲӣȵھͶ¬ϵܵܵͻȥ
¬һֻ¬ҵ֦ˣȻǷ¬ӵܣʵͷѾմ֦ʲôˣһӣ¬һҹղġ
ʼʱ¬ϵĸĸĴңôҲ¬ҵˣǶķڷĵؽϣܵø¬Ҽ棬ľ¬ϵĵֻ֣ܵܶ취ǮȴûȥС¬һҡ
֮ʱķȴС¬ϵܵܵһָ
¬ϵĸĸʱǾŭĵģֱ˹ȥ
ȵ֮Ҫǻ֪С¬ϵĸģǾǴˡ
¬ϵĸĸô죿
ȻûҪˣѾڻĴˣҪڶ̶ʱ֮ڴչһһ¬˼һҵС¬һң˶ԸӸǵ£ǰӴչˣֻ¬ϵĵܵҪûˡ
£ô¬ϣ¬ϵĸ׻ֻдһȥǳ̼ҡ
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Ѿǳ̼ҸȫܼиĸܵܣС¬һҲĽôˣԼĵܱܵƣ˱Ƶȥ
ǣ¬Ϊ˾룬¬ȴҲڡ
Ȼ롣
Ů˵Ϊʲôԭˣܲʲôʵ£ֻҲͰˣ¬Ҳ˾ͻ˵ӡ
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кӣĺӻ꣬Ҫˣĺô죿
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룬ζҪ뺢ӷֱ𣬶ԺС¬ϵ£Ҳضܹˡ
룬׵ܵܣҪС¬һҸĥҾɢˡ
¬ϵǺֵֻֻԼ֪ˡ
һ֮Ϊѵ¬ϣȴǳŲѡ·һν毺˯˱֮󣬵ȵҹ¬ֱӾͳķˡ
֮ǰһŸϣϴΪչ˳毡
֮󿴵¬ԾûʲôӰֻԼܹ֪ɴҲԿó¬϶ڳҲǴ˺ġ
ҲѡķʽԾˡ
˵ϲ̾һյõǷţ;ЩԾǱȥһˣʱں˯Ҷǵõʱı顭
ĴȰᣬֻΪԼˣ¬ǰ۰毣ȥأ
ʱҲǲֻűΪ毣Ҳ·ǣ뵽ôίȴǶκ˵ľ͡
˵˵ţۿͷ˺졣
ڶ֪¬ϾȻԾˣֻԹԼΪûоЩΪ˻ѹá
ҲΪˣ¬ϵиҲ͸ġ
毷ŵߣġϵ
֪¬Ϻͳ¬ҵʱʲô£֪¬ΪζԾģȻţС¬ϽǲɱģţΪ˼޸㲻ֶΣ¬С¬ϣ֮ƴأ
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284 ̹

Ҫʱ¬ǸҼʱȣܻܲһδ֪
ϵ¬ȷȷʵʵľ˳һġ
ԣЩҲȷʵ˴缺
֮ԻѡԾҲǱƵûа취ˣС¬Ͻŵʱѹŵõλִ񣬿ǡ
ǣ¬϶ԣҲûκεˡ
Ͻ毽ӵǵ˳׿ϵģ̼˶Ǽ֤ˣ˵˵ԺһӦС񣬶ٳ֡
ԣԭΪһС¬ϾͲܽ쵽ˣֻҪúõĽ̵毣Ѱһź£Ҳ¬ϵиˡ
û뵽ǣС¬񲻽Ҫֳ毵Ļ£һƵȥ
˵ڳ̸ҵܹ毣С¬ϵĵС¬ϹǸսթģڳ̸û£ܲһֱڳ̸һһ裬һһС¬ϵ˳ѣ˭֪毻ô
̼ȷʵ֮ףĳ̼Ҳδһλ󳼣˵ҲֻѣҪȻС¬Ѿû֮ŮҲƳˡ
С¬ҸƳԳʮСֻ¾͸û˹˼ɡ
ԣϲ뵽ˣѰһС¬ϲֳĿɽ
˵ԴǸؿϣΪϿҵصˣţ֮ҪŮ׼ңֻǿ˾ҲΪȷʵ˹ӵƷ
ȻǲҲǲӣûǳ۾Ҳܿõģ毵ĸ֪ݣǳ̼ҵĵŮӳϵҲϵġ
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ϵĵմӳϵ൱˻ͬһԺѧϴǰʱʱľܴӳĿϵĳޡ
ڳĿУ֪Լ縺ΣԶϰ䶼ΪŬԺôѧ֮УҲеٮٮߡ
ʼʱûС¬ϵһϲûżڳ毵Ļ£ȻὫ·ˡ
ʱܽûѹĹϵǼΪãûϿǳ毵Ļ£ҲǶȻϵġ
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Ȼ֪ΪΣ뾸˹ϵΪ׺񣬿ԤǣϽǿԵõЯģһϽ·ض࣬û䣬Ҳֻһʱ֮ģﶼΪ̬
Ҫǣţ϶£С¬ϾôΪǰĶδܵóѶŭҲǾƲֵġ
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ȴǲÿϵһ
ϵĽͣʵѾôˡ
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֮ǰϻûʱѾԥҪҪ϶һ׮ˡ
ϻѾ˵ˣȻҲκεֵʱҾţС¬ϼ޽ֱ̼Σ˹ϵ׺ǻ̽¡
һܽͽʱţȿԽҲԼܽͽˡ
ϽԼе˼˵ΪϺ̹ܽϡ
ȻȷʵĴƣװ׵ģ˾񣬷˿Գ毵ĵ۰
ɴˣҲͿԿóȷʵǼϣµġ
˵꣬ϳĬֻϺܽ
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285 

ڳ̼֮ܽǰ֮ȻģǰԥҲ̼ıô鷳£ܽԸӻһ毵ЩҲ㲻鷳ˡ
Ϊû˺֮ǣϷܹӿ͹۵Ŀ׮µı
һϵڴ֮пڵ̷ˣ˵СöԸۿǲͣҶԸȻҲûʲô
ͷһɡ
ҲóϵĻлת֮⣬ҲûмſڣǾϽĻ
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ԣϵͷҲӦġ
ǾͰϺͳ毼һ̶պ˴źȥ㣬úǼһ档
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µӿǼΪģ󣬶һΪټմȾ˴ʼԺÿҳ֮ľͻᱻȨԲˣɽӣһ˼ѹһ
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286 

ܽһھ˴죬ϺϴС
òܽȵҪȥȴŽĿͷβܽڴתʹܽѾˣûŲߡ

ȻûпڣܾãҪٽøټĸ׵棬Ǿ͸ţ֯Ůĸһ˺ˡ
ֻǴӲعôһξ밡
ȻҲԼ뷨Щֵģûڵһʱͷ룬ףҲþûˣĸһظ
ʱȤ躸ʱܹŪһƥСԻأǻģֻǰĶֻСԣԴһЩҲֻ˳ĸָͷǰȴû
Ҳ֪ûᵽŬܽž۵ģȴҲ¶һЦȻ̧ḧķ˿
ԡ

ѾʮˣֲСޣ׻
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ܽļͷԼ߿˿ˣ㿴ܿΪж಻ᣬΪǷžۣó˿ɼ֮ƺˡ
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Զԡ
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ܽϻ̲סЩЦ
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ܽˣɵû¶һЦ
ڽļͷ˲䣬ΪصǰԼ뷨ȫ˵Էò²Է˼á
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΢΢һ٣ҲЦȻͷܽķӡһǡ
ܽת˵˴µ
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˵ӨˣµӣҲɵЩ

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ܽΪλ룬Ȼԭġ
ǾĻʼԺΪʢҲ֪ǲմȾе𣬴·ΧڣǺɽӻǷЩ㣬𴦵ȣľмָĲͬ
Ҳ֪Ǵһ꿪ʼ･ľ˴ºɽԡǰʳ֮ɳԸ˵
˵Ӻζ˭Ҳ֪
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ֵӣʵϣҲڸǸűѡ
ò˵⾩ǸҲȷʵһЩӶѣȻҲǽ˷ֳŵ
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287 

Ϊܽԭûв뵽ӵж֮еģԭķݶȻҲͱϷˡ
Ҫӣֻܽռķݶ³һЩ
ڣļҸҪ¶ٳǾҪƾˡ
ҪѾӣǸ档
ΪЩӣָҪٷ粨
ȻֻܽӣΪӶķ粨Ҳľˡ
Ҳһ뷨֣ܽԣպȥǡ
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ʼǰУԭεĴ֮лڴȴͻȻЩĸףЩЩѾһʱˣʱȥʣµ𣿡
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ռܽӣȥ֮˻
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ҪһǹķݶҪЩŲÿҪŲ٣ЩҪһģҪȻλ൱˼ңŲǼȴֻŲ𣬵ʱһԱȣɾҪûˡ
νյĹӦҲˡ
ӳļڣºɽҲһʱˣٲժָҪϣԽջп˷ӡ
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288 

ǰչʾԽеЩˣֻǰ㶼ֵŬ
µȷʵóԣʵҲ޿Ө֮ԻŴµӣҲ뵱ʱйذɡ
ûܿӨΪͻȻ˵䣬֣ܽܿӨķḧ˸ӨҲˣ㸸׺ֳǵŬȫ޳Чü꣬Ҳһƾ㸸ֵŬֵµӣʱҲͻãҲЩӶѣʵ㲻ʲô
ԣ֪Ө뷨
ҲͷӨĸ˵ĶԣԡŴµ𿪻ģǵҲֻӣֲǴ˵ĸңѲɾܳˣԺ˭Ҫǻǰ˵ЩģҲǣֱҹȥˣ
⻰Ҫһһĺ
ӨˣǸ棬Ҳȷʵοˡ
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УΪӶЩǱԶԶ׿һ㣬һӾͱ徲
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ǰ˵˵ǰȺ˻ڵһξ룬ֻҲ˵ġ
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289 ̹

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ţϺ϶ĬķԸ˸ԵĶӴһȥ档
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֮еΪʲôҵСȻģԣһ˾ͶΪĬһȥǽϺͳԭء
ϵӣȻǰҲЩߣôһĹҲ㹻㺦ѹˡ
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290 

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Ҳ֪δôһ̣ģڲϵĿ£ġ
ΪһõĿʼϺͳ毵ദҲϺãҲ֪ǽ࿴δһģû⣬ǾͻǶԷķӣܹڳǰһ˽ԷĻᣬ˶ϧ
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ŲϵǰУ֮ȴԼ
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ԣе䣬ʵûʲôȤ
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291 

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292 ƻ

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ֻһ˲䣬Ѿһ׵ļƻ
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293 ŭ

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294 

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295 Σǽ

ŽǴһһȷӵĴӣͨİ֪ⲻܴյֵģԻԶԶıܿǰ㣬ǲǻбĸǰ㡭
УҶھУͷ̧ͷģ˭ܲʶ˭ˣôҲھ˶֡
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ܽ룬ǱǸԸԼǺεȵ飬֪˷ʺˡ
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ܽãʺʱžǱĵóԲ·ɡ
ʵϣҲȷʵܽ˵ˡ

ʺüĿ˵ɣ˭й¶ӵ٣˭Ĳ˾Ƶģ
ʺԼŮΪġ
̫ʥ̫Լеļλ󳼶ţȻܳˣʺ󶥶Ҳǹ̫ӵڱϲκεĸ档
ڷӣʺͿ˵΢ˡ
ǳʱɮҪ׽ֵַξƶմΨֻ˿ӣԷʺΪСϸ
һΣӵٱй¶˳ȥԹдȥ˴µĲˮȻ˼˾ơ
ȻֻͨĹƣ˵ֻôһһƵĲѣֻ¸ͲκεĸоڵξƲմ˵ֻһľƣܿƵ˯֮ȥˡ
˾ƵĲˮʱ߷̵ˣʹ˷Ӹˡ
ֻҪһ뵽ֵ߳Щ©һͻᱻ˸ˣʺһ¡
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308 ŭ

뿴ʱ²ʡĻ˯ţΧûһ̵ڣҪʲô˴ģֻҪһѵٳһ͡
ʺ뵽ĳɵ˸
ǣܳܵġ
ҲΪˣʺŭ֮£Żҹ¡
˭й¶ӵ٣˭߷̵ˣ˭ˮӵľƣԼһΪʲôЩҪģ÷ʺġ
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һžͻ˺ܶಽ
һûܾܾȵҪСϲӵĲˮһƵʱСϲӾ͸ܾܾˡ
λֵĹūϸһ£һλŮ˶ʳ˵ֵѹøˣߵ˵ģȴǡ̫ˡ
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дƬɽ˵ϹŵλֵϣЩۣȴ㶼Ҷһ£ԱϢ
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̫ˣЦһʺãǺðô˵˵ʲôԭ̫ȻܳԼ
λֽͷѹøˡ
Ȼʺׯ̫֮Ĺϵôڱϣ˻ʼάģŷʺ˵ׯ̫λôܲأ
ôĻţȻʺˣλ־һܲ
ǵǰճ̫ߵʱ򻹴̫ߵˣ˵СʳĻϲ
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ǿˡ
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λֵѹѹոҲȥ˴¡
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ҪøˣӲòȢֻļ裬÷ʺ˲Ӭܡ
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Ϊȥ˳ڣѸ˵û˵Ļһ飬ھвٵ˶֪ЩˣȻҲȥµķʺˡ
ʺںô꣬ܽѹסɼֶжˡ
ҲΪˣֵЩ֮󣬷ʺܿ뵽еĹؽ֮
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ʺʥ˶ķޣǺ󹬲øʺʥϵ˼Ҳ֪ġ
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ȻʺҲ֪ʱôҪƽҹģҪıóˣǺɾˡ
ҹҪǼ޸ӣôıȨʥϼɵҲ̫ͬӼɵ
ΪûбȨȴԼĵܵõˡ
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άԼĶŮǣȻ˲˺Լ֮Ĺϵ÷ʺأ
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309 ̫

ãøִֶʺҧЦһ˵ˣֻǶһ㶼
ҪȻ
أ
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ʺʵȻѾ鰲źˣΪȴûаųİȥͼҵĹ
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ڣһʲô
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Ҫ췹ҲģֻǡסĶͬѡ
Щ֣ԽԽˡʺĵһ䡣
˵ʺ󻹲ɵšüͷ
ôҲǻҹСҲǱׯ̫ﳤģ¾˵ĴֱҲǳŮµķҲ볤һޣҲһ˶Լ
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ʺ֪ׯָ̫˳ʱ֪֪ʲôׯ̫ԳԼ۰֪Ҳֻᵱ֪ɡ
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ҲҪͬͬ⣡
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ׯ̫ţ뿴ǳ˽˰ʥҪҪջҪôһȦӣοʺأ
˵ѹûеóѣĵóˣűˣȢ˸ΪϣʺǲܶԳ͸ʲôġ
ҲΪʺŸӾ÷ŭ
Ϊй֮ԼĶӣҲܱȥ˿ˣǲǻ˭ĶŮͷϲһţǣ
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͵һ÷ʺ˵ʲôķӣʰ͸С
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ת
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Ѳɡ
̫ˣû׸ʲôֻΪС֮Ĵ֣
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Ķӣʥϸò¡
ŮʥϵĴͻ飬޸˼ң
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ϴΣʥϽ˻ȥһǰŭӵеһУֳҲʥϸġ

ǰǣʥԸ
ʥղԸˣôͻķһ㣬ʱпܻᱻջȥ
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ŮǼˣȻҲܼһݵ͵ģڳǣĸܹأ
ֻҪ޸ӣôãԼͿԲΪˡ
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310 

ŮļױȻΪôֶΣùŮһ˼ңΪһıϡ
ֻ
ֱƵӵϣò˵ĵӣҲȷʵС
ȻˣԼʲô֮ǳ̫Ůʵ۵ãȻӦõõһõģŮ
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Ϊһжŵ׵ˣֻҪİţһӵˣ»ʲô⡣
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ҪȻ
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ˣΪ˸ĽЩҲްģƫƫǵ͸͸ˣȴûɡ
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311 ȥ

⻰ȴ˲˼Ŀ⿴Ÿ
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ԼŮԼ֪ôɵˣҲܰѱ˸˽ǸѾͷռԣжǻԵʡ
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312 

ԣЩźӡ

ǰһӣŵЩɢ㣬ͽź׵һߡ
ȲӣܽЦҡҡͷѾͷӶѣǲĸѲɻ˲ɣ
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ܽ״εصˣôӣܶģͷԺһȥҲǵøԺ˷һЩ
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Ϊ˻Ͷ̿˻ģȻܽʹͣҲ÷һЩġ
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313 Ϻ

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˼ȻҪͨѾֱӹһҩģϺĸţռ޽Ϻʹöˣ
ϺҲ۸ģ֪żԼǲܵõ˭ֵ֧ģŭֱ֮ӾͻңϺôҲҪֻһ
ˣֻϺ˻Ϊ۸أ
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314 

Ϻ˵Ҳȷʵ֪Ϣ֮Ϻ˵ĸ״һֵֵܣڵľͳȥϺҪͨѾ߶ĺӸŪû˲ɡ
Ҫ£Ϻ˵˶ѾˣͨѾ߶ĺȻǲܱסġ

ͨѾҲǸݵĵġ
֪Ϻ˻Ұȱ¶ǲˣͨѾֱץһдõҩԼ˽ȥ
Ҫ֪ʱͨѾ߶ĺӿǰ˸£׻˵úã߻˲Ҫиʲôһֻ¾һʬˡ
ͨѾߵҲȷʵȻȷʵޱȵգĽȴǣϺľȱ嵽סԺ֮ǰͽˡ
Ҳ
⺢ӻûгϺ˵ȻԴⲻعصͨѾߣĺӶŪûˣҲû˵ʲô
ڣѾˣģҲϺүϺ˵ʱҪ֣ɾͻϺˡ
ϺԼ˾ôģˣΣ
ҲֻűӰˡ
ϺĸףҲ֪ϣϺҲǶá
Ϻ˱¶ʹϺѾߣ֮ҲͬʱǸӤˣ£ָĸƴӣȻǲܵġ
ϺҲ֪£ôԺͲٶЩʲôǲʲôΣ¡
ǲΣ£ģҲкܶġ
һĸģҪԼӵĲǻõ
ԣܹƽôʵҲͦ׵ġ
ԭϺԼ˵֮ǿʵѾ˳˲ٵģһһյֵԽԵóɫϺ˵ӣҲϺȴԽĳ˸竣Ϻ˵ǿֲ˳
ӣ˳ɫԼĵֱӱȳҪ̣ǾҪؿ䵽ʹ޲ѵ
ԣЩϺ˿ûڡ
ʱϺƹܺ꣬أ뵱Ǹż޽꣬˶ʹѾȫһˡ
ҪʱȢһܸκӣֻӻѹһЩ
ԭϺ˻ţ岻ܸʣµӣҲοϺ˰һôɫΣ
Ϻû뵽ǣȻӵָۣҪȥ
֪Ϣ֮Ϻ˲ҧһڵ
Ȼ̫ӣҲ̫һĸͬ׵ܵܣ̫ӵǻ֮ѲɻܿԼֵ
лڽĵǰ¶ǱֵúһЩȻȻҲͻࡣ
Ļᡭ
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Ϻ˺ް
ôޣҲ첻ûа취ıӵ뷨ǰ϶ˡ
ܸı£ϺҲֻܽԼǿˡ
ĸģҪڶϱǻ˵ͻˡ
ӵİʼӾûϺ˵ɿһ죬ɲ͸ۿô
˵֮Իһ²ôأϺ˾ӹΰ
ԼϱڵòˣϺǲΪġ
һϱѣƽʱǰ㲻ǻģҲ֪һҷ䣬˾ˣΣ
Ϻ˻Щ⡣
ӵİΣһֱŵ˲¸ŭԣ
Ϻû뵽ǣ˺ְϱڳȻһѣ˸ض
Ϻ֮Իָᷢ˼Ϊ˸һŸոĴµӡ
ϺȻȾҪһЩҲֻΪҪһЩͬû֮ϺȻҲֵܷµӡ
һ㣬ҲϺġ
Ͼ
޽Ϻǰ꣬Ϻɻֵܷµӵġ
Լһ޽ӶԲˣⲻǴﲻ̹
ֵ˷ӵʱϺ뵽⼸һŵʱأʱ֪˶񣬶һǴµӣܲ
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315 ˭

Ϻ֮Ի֪ǿԴ£ȴΪÿʱõĿеĺԱɵģ滹ļһЩɫ˿С
ĿǣҲֻд·ӵʱܹѡ
Ϻ˵Ȼ֪ܲ
ڣǸӸ˭
⻹õ
˿Լ뷨һĸǰգҲȢ֮ͣӲأ۳žҪˣָ̬ȣЩϺ˿ɶǿġ
ҲΪˣϺ˲һûڵľ͸˳
ɲϣҵʱȢϱ
ҪǽţֻҪôѹסϱ
Ϻ˶̲סЩڣĥǸϱʱӦŵ֣ϾôڶĶϱǲҡ
ˣ˵ЩǺôġ
ԣϺ˸ɴͽһִ֮ͨͲˣǸƤҪ޸
㸣⣬ҲҪֲأ
Ϻ˵һ֮ͨ£ϺĴſڣǽһɹֵΧģ˵ˮйͨһ㲻Ϊˡ
Ϻ˵ҳӵţ˻һûȥأλҳӣҪ޹ҡ
Ϻںſָҳӵı˺һͨҳһֱͷ֪ΪҲûзһ䣬ģŻֿġ
Դ£֪˳ԶԲŵӣֱӱϺӵ˺⣬һˮɢڵϣմ˻ҳǱˣҲֽ˿ϧġ
ʹŵͷЩȾ˳ӣ໥һӳģ͸ʶľͲɵЩ̾Ϣ
ɽ˵꣬ʱΣҲ̲ס΢΢ҡҡͷ
ɵĻ֪ܽˣ躸ıΪλЩ֡
ò˵⸣ĵӣҲȷʵЩ
ջӣһ֮ѣȻͰ¸Ժתӡ
⸣ѲûûƤܽɵʡ
Ȼ
ҪԸ˽⣬ڳЩˣ˭ҲԽȥ
øʲôܽʡ
һʣǽҲסˡ
Щ󣬡ĸףʣһ治֪Ҫôش𣬰ҵ˽⣬ȷʵЩݣҲǸ˰ôλӷŲ£˼ҵϱɻأʲô뷨ҲʱԵıʾŪ˾֪ģҡ
ңӦúҪǽг֪£һͬġ
Ҫ˵ӣҲӦ͵͵ͣôҲ䵽Ϻ˵ȥǡ
ڽ볤˵ҵõ׿֮ǰӦõ͵Щǣôģ޲˶֪أ
Ѳɡ
̬̽ȣֻܵóһ
ܽȴǲͷһ
ǿǸ͵ģȻǸͷ̫ϣܹһˡ
ǣӲǸ͵ģأ
˼·룬ӵִˣȻûʲôã¶ԸӰġ
֪ǳ֪˸˼Ĳ
ô
ĲǸͷ֮͵ӣ˭пأ
һܽиֳ
ʺ
ճ͸ӣȻûƳɹûгʲô£Ҳ㹻ʺŭˡ
Ҫ˵ʺʲôܽǲŵġ
ô᲻ǷʺΪʰ͸Ϊϵһ㿪θأ
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ȷǷʺǷʺжҲʵЩˡ
Ҳܿյ£ʺжա
ܽ²ûдĻһʱ͸һеæˡ
һңʲôϵأ
ܽһ룬㽫Щ¶ŵһߣЦŶԺ˵ˣҲҪЩ޹֮˵ˣǶûУҷѾˡ
һȻҲȥ˵ʲôǲǻͷ֮Ļˣ۷
ĸףǿ쿪ɣߴٵ
ȻѾӣҷԼֶˡ
-

316 ɽ髲

Ըǲı飬վһòֱƣʱҲʮֻ֣Сèһ㡣
躸ȻûбֵԸԣ΢΢۾ܽҲ֪ڽţҲͬʮڴġ
ܽʧЦ
ӲΣڳһȴһİѳֲסҲǲ֪ⶼ˭ˡ
ʣܽһ߷Ը֪ͨţһʶľͿ˽
Ȼע⵽ҲԼȻҲͬʡ
ʶ˼ܽɵõһۡ
Ȼȷʵо˲ٳʳ̰ԣǶΪ˺Ǻ
״Ц⡣
ŵҷҲȷʵ红εǰζԸƵ躸ûסƽʱһ뷹
ȵһ꣬Ӷȫû̬ԣֻûŶ̱ˡ
ԸģԼһŵЩܣǲɵóЦҿⷹǼԺȵģǾҪֵøһʱ޲ȥˣҺʹ㣿
Ըһۣһأ
Ҳ˼˵
Ըһϡ
û뵽Լ뷹֪ܿҲ˷֮ҳԵö࣬ΪÿոŸĵö࣬أڸŲŲģҿûʲôģҲôࣿ
һ˵ŻԸһ˫۾´˼
״òˣ磬ҿӼô⻰˵磿
һڸﲻţҲûأ
ԭΪŹԸʱ躸죬ֻԱŶѣο϶Ҳһ
ȴû뵽躸ʱȴͻȻڵÿ游ϰõö࣬Ҳ󡣡
һ
Ϊ躸ĿڣҲΪ躸˼
˵ûӣûӣԲӦóôࣿ
ȵ躸ںԸһȤԼɵÿܽĸףͶ磬۸ң
ܽͽ񲻲뺢ִ֮ԶֻЦЦ
˺һܽŵˣ˰ʳɽ髲裬һ˺һ㣬´βŶóԶమԵĶɶ̰ˣҪȻܵĻԼ֪𣿡
ӵģ֪ܽҷŶǲʳˣ׼ɽ髲衣
ⲻľóˡ
ǱҲٳˣӦˡǡȻȺɽ髲
ȻѾûпյĵطģ˵ɽ髲¶ǣӻĺࡣ
ӺˣԸҲ緽ǰ㻥Ȥ˵Ȥ
һʱ䣬ոܰ
ܰ𴦣˵ĹɾͲһˡ
ʱ䣬ȻҲѾš
ͼΪųԾ㹫£ҲֻĸÿٷضһǸ۰Ůģϵһ֮У̩붼͸ԵĲˡ
ȻԼԵĲˣҲвٵġ
˰ԵĲ˼һ𣬾еĲˡ

ϲãڳĿ֮еġ
ָŷһԵѾǸ͸ˣ⼸տЩԵ㡭
ԣҲЦǰǿĸ׵ӣǿǶȻʧġ
һۣȴû˵
ϴεĸ֮ȻҪ뷨Ժ󣬴ȴûǰǰˡ
ΪԼĻĶѾĻֺԼʱЩЦЩĪĵ⡣
֮ĳȻѾǴǰǸϵķˡ
ǶԳ̬ѾϰˣҲ˵ʲôֱӻ˷һԵѾߣԼ˹˲ˡ
Դˣǳ͸һϰΪӡ
Ϊ̫æµˣȵ˳Եòˣȴ˶ûڡ
Ҳʱ򣬳ߵһλֳ⣬һţҲֹס˽Ųȴû뿪
λ֣ϵĶҲ΢΢һ١
λֻǵ޵ʱ̫ⰲߵģЩλֿʵ˳٣ȻȻģҲǼΪóεġ
Ѿõòˣ㳯λ֣֣ɡ
-

317 

һȻ첽ݣḣһ˳󣬸ڳĶߵ˵˼仰
ʲô
Ҳ֪˵ЩʲôȻθ˵֣֮˫Ŀ֮дЩŭɨ˸һۡ
ԭڳŲˣһɨһ飬ȻҲһɣԭѾĲҲ˶䵽ϡ
״˵ĻŲˡ
ҲΪˣŸӷŭ
ЩҪ븣˵ȳȥɡѹŷŭ
ԭѾ˷ӶѾˣԵҲνų˸Ҳ˳ȥ
ȴǿ˿Լδڵķˣ촽ᶯ˶
һɣűһ۵ȥ𣿡
µڵŵ˫֣ɵ
׻ʲôû˵ֻЦųų˵ͷĪҪŭͳȥлúö븣˵ǧҪԼӡ
͸һηƢϺһ㡣
˵꣬ת뿪ˡ
żλ˶ٽʳˣһԵѾҪʰϵ̣ȴһлҪ˵𣬶ûɫ
һѾԣﻹҶϽϢȥΨֶֻ˳ķŭ
ȵѾǶˣҲֻʣԼĸŮˣʵյ֮δɣΪʲô
һͻ
ǳΪ۰ŮڳƢȻҲ˽ⲻģһ˿̵ı飬Ҳ֪ʱǷǳŭġ

ｫԼյЩ˵ϸһ飬ȷϲûʲô׵ģҵʱҲȷʵģҲû˿̵ķŭԼϵһֻΪΪԼֻǱǨŭ˶ѡ
Щͷڸܿǡ
ĸףŮϸϸȻûгɣŮҲŽûᣬ˵
һùֻû˵ڣΪע⵽˳˫˷ŭ۾Ȼֹ
ĸף
ʣȴЩҡ
ʱܿ飿
˵ڴ֮ǰԸżϣôڣŸı֣ȫ˵ĻԸҲʧˡ
̧־һƴ˸ϡ
ԼһأÿͿͿĨĨľҪϲٵʱˣҲȷʵһðװ۵ģҲΪְۣʱ򱻳ŭ֮´һƣ϶ʱͶһͨͨİӡҲѸٱú
ĸףңһĲš
˵ˣǳԼڴһ֮ҲЩڵġ
һ˫Ů۰ڴ֮ǰ˵Ǵ͸ˣ˵ػҲûйģϵǸӡܲ۲أ
뵽˵ĻԼѾֵ÷зֻ²ǸҲЦǵڣʱͱѹȥŭӿ˳
ľһŭɫָŸɸֵصΪ˰֮£ҷ˶ľ㲻᲻֪˵Ըĸף᲻ԼԸѲһѹȥԲɣΪô˵˼ȻҺŪȥ˴£
ԭģ˵ȴʲô˵ˡ
Ϊ
˵ģʵ
ȻѾ֪ˣڱ⣬ֻкã
뵽ҧŴһȴٲ
δ䣬ǸȻ˵ʵ飬˳ԸѳףȻ֪£㳤ôҲǾ޸ġ
οӣڿɻûأ
Ȼ˼ڣôҲʥ׷ܻôһЩģһиֻ֮ŵ˵ϱ˾ȥңĻ˵ڰ
ҲΪûѡгǱôϣͰ͵ǰ˴¡
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318 С

ţһɾͺ£ȻҲ˵һԸ뵽ΪǴвһţ»ȫƿأ
˳ԣȻǲҶһ䡣
ѲɣֱԣΪ뽫췹ٱų
Ҫ˵ˣǵģ¾Ͳֻһˡ
ȴû
û˵Ϊĸף˽ⲻģܿѹûаĻأ
Խ룬Խʳָش˸ĶͷϣһԵĺӡӡ
ǴҶģҲҿųģѲЩʲôһ֪ܲǰ֪ǸЩ˼û뵽ⶼȥˣ˼ȢϱֿҪϱˣ㾹Ȼܵôһˣǿи֮򣬶˼ϱûأѲС𣿡˵һ
ȴǺۿ
ôЩ˼ҲȷʵǴҪжģɴûҪС⻰͸һ
״ûˡ
ôţ˵䣬㷴ίˣϸŸСµӿǽϲ͹ģҲŷ㼸㵹ãôͰ͵ľһȥϺ˲֪ʲôⲻɣ
˵뵽οԼĸŮģŭ֮£ʵҪõʲôйһ£˿׻ûٸһƣǱ˳һ
ϻûʰ̰һڳһ֮£ֻážһ죬̱㾡Ƭټﻹûüķˣһʱ֮һƬǽ塣
곤ĻԭڷģֱܿЩѷŵûع
ĸסǲؿųšüͷĸף˵ʲôҺʱȥϺ
˵ֻǲ뱻Լ𱸣Թ˻ԼȻǻҲ͸ˡ
ֱۣӻ˸Ĺ
Ҫ֪ƽڸķţǻģɴҲԿóڽ£жˡ
ʲôҶѾ֪ˣʱ㻹ѼӲʲô˵֪֪ΪɵĴ£ϺֱӾ͵ô˰¶˳˭֪ܲȻФиֻ֮˼ϱһ͸Тڼ޽ȥ
븣ԼԼָЦؿڶ
ʱĴסˡ
׵׷ʲô
ĸףĲ֪˵ʲôҲûȥϺһûôҪǲŴȥԺ鿴ָҵǼӣԺأżص
ԼǲôӵģȻҲҪֳһӸ񣬵ôҲ֪ӿɻأҪϺӣⲻǽԼ˼
ҲҪôأ
ԣһֱڣǼӻԭδԺţԭǴͽЩԺ˳أ뵽ͳôһ¡
˵꣬ء
µǿģļҷֵ˶ٿⶼһ¾֪£Ҳֻܴӳõѣû취ĵطŪӡ
ҲҿЩûҪȻ¶ǿɾ˵ˡ
Ÿ⸱ٿ϶ӣһʱ֮Ҳɵɻˡ
Īǡ
ԩ˸ɣ
ţһۣʾȥԺһ⡣
ֽյʾ⣬ųһȻűȥ
Ȼ֪ȥʲôˣҲ飬ԭҲȷʵûӸЩҲȷʵԺûȻʲô
ѾţȵԼԩʱһҪųڵʱ򣬶Ҫܹ˵ԸǾٺòˡ
ãֻҪԸһܹ޸ġ
ţҲˣҲίˣڴֿЩ
Ҳȷʵûöþͻˡ
-

319 


Ҳ֪ΪΣֻû˵һֵģֻ߹ͷһӲԤ
ͺƣЩʲôѾȫƿһ㡣
ĸоøԼӦ˵Щʲôźã죺֣ҡ
˵ע⵽ֿĿǴǴġ
Ǵ
һͻ
û˵ʲôأ־ͳų˸񣬼ΪصسԺȷʵһūϸʹԺѾߣûǶûҶЩӣߵѾ֮һӳš
˵ֿ˸һۡ
ǰڿ˵ûи͹ӣָӻԺأʵ֤˵ѣҳϲܲǴأ
ʱȴֻû֣ĸߵˣƽʱ㣬ɴûе㣬Ϊ㾹˿տڰң
ֻûˡ
ԭΪһܹ֤ףڿʲô׿ԣ־Ȼĸ׺ˮ
֣ӾȻ˴
ԽԽŭ
ֵָȴûκεĶݣٴųʩһ񣬵ūϲԺѾͷȷʵ˵ģЩѾͷ֮ӳţȥΪδ˵ЩѾͷǶ֪飬ǸѾͷԳ֮ȴһֱδ飬Ҳ֪ȥ
˵оݵģ˺׾˵Ļ
٣ŵġ
ׯ̫ˣô꣬ûгӣĹƽ޹ʵģλԩأ
οԩֵֶΣҲϲªϾʵΣֻҪȥһ˸ԺӾײˡ
ԡ
򸣰Ķʧ㾹Ȼң
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ţֺίĸףңûУûȥӣӲˬҸ˼ٳſȥˣ
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ҪˣǱ˲ˣֱӳҲˣû£ΪʲôҪϣ
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ֻòš
ʱٵʱ򣬻ɫ԰ͷ亹ӣôڱȴɫأ
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ʱΪֹԩĹҲӦֲԩ룬ԵһƵĻԣô˵أ
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⣡
뵽ĸףң䣬һ⺦ңûôӴʲô˼Ҳϲʱĵȥʲôӣ䣬Ҹ繴һҷˣһв£ҪȻҪҸ¶һŻ㺦ҵģ
ԭֻǲ²⣬Խ˵Խġ
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ĸףû϶ںңһ߿һ
ʱﻹŸĻЦһðȻ˵Ҿ˰й˵˵ģ
-

320 ˵

˵꣬ͳֻ˻֡
ֻ⣬žͷԸѾߣȥ
ʱ͹ˡ
һģ
ݣΣЩȡ
æҪǸʲô£ֻܽˣιҪ֣ڶʹģʱʹĲǹԼ
ԶʱһѾӲˣҿٲҽˣ
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ʱͷϣ⼸仰ܺȰסģ
ˣ죬зִ磡Ϊ͵صȻ˲º˲٣֮һҪ㣬ʵĸ˵͸ԺѾ䣬ǲʲô岻Ĺϵ
˵꣬ĿƵؿ
ǰѾóΪʧˣɲϣٿԼĶҲͬƭ
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Խ˵ԽŭѾЦˡ
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˵ߵϺһӣϺ˽һͨ澡ʧʱܽ;¿ܻ
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ܽһ˵֪ĲԼˣҲֻա

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322 

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323 ³

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324 

ϵЦݡ
Ϊǵ֣ӨûһͬǰǸСèѽΪ͹Ӻóԣ̰֮³˺üϾֶء
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ԼҲһĲӣɵͷ
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˵ڳ׵ʱϣ躸ϸȣϺּһ䡣
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ոʱ״̬ҪģЩԼĵԽԽãô᲻أ
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ոǰ˼񶾵ҪҪãֻ»ľ뵽֮У£ȻܽͽѾ˶ƣֻʱ˾ø¿ǰյϢҲǺõġ

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漴ܽĻ
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躸΢΢ܿһϹ
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΢ͷǰͻأ躸ΪŴֶ˼ּᶨ
ԭŵȻͿԿЦˣ浽ªСԺӣԼԺٵÿ⼸ˣȴҲʲôֵˡ
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躸٣ʱֱֲԻԿڵԸʺּ⣬Ҫա
ԭΪ£֪ģ⻰ʱȫαľȵı飬˲ŷ֣£һֱڶ֪
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ҪȻ
ⳡɥ£Ҳ㺮ᡣ
Ҫ飬֪ģͳ£Ҳ˵Ϻ֣Ҫô˼ⳡɥ°ͽЦ
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333 

ע⵽ʼЩȣܿģǾȾͱЦȡˡ
Ҳǡ
ȻһеķӶڸӶѾˣø׹գкأ
Ҳǲɵġ
ȻǷʺּ⣬ǹˣҲأ
ԣķӦʵҲˡ
ﰵҡҡͷ
ԭ޶ǲģΪûôԲʲôԣȻҲͲжĸдҲҡͷ̾Ϣпˡ
ڣĿԼϷһУȴ֮ǰֻν̬ˡ
ӣҲֵ̫Щ
ѾزѾҲӦҵķʽ뿪ǡ
ţһеĸͲɵ˼֡

һۡ
Ҳ֪񵽵ûвԾģʵǸøķʺأ
ûвİɡ
תһ룬־ãûҲãǿǻʺɲܹӴǱõˣ֪ˣͽʹ֮⣬ʲôأ
ְҡҡͷ
Ϊ뿴֣һʹ躸ԸˣԭΪ˷ʺּ⣬ôԸ⣬ҲĸϺ뵽ǶһȻûŸӰ
ǡ
Υ˷ʺּˣ
ܸ߿һۡ
ŵʱͻȻ洫һ󼱴ٶҵĽŲһ̧ͷ⿴ȥһ۾ͼ˸Ӱ
׻ˡ

Ŀ䵽˸ڸһŮŮϣûмǴĻڷʺĹŹˡ
Ҳ˵ԼԸģǱʺ˼ලŲġ
⵹ͦϸƢġ
ü
ͬһʱͿ˸һҲͬһ۾ͷ
²֮ǰѾӵ˷ʺּ⣬Ҳ֪Լ޷ΥģջһֱŲϳţҪǷʺߵĹŮ˳ţ֪Ҫϵʲôʱء
ԭ֪ϺԺһΪЦ￴ȴǸôû뵽¡
Ҳ޷̵¡
ǣô̲סС
ֻҪ룬Ǹ飬һ߿ԼЦĳ͸Ҫ
šüͷôҲãʲô
ԣûӵķŭ
Ȼ֪ã죬Ҫô˵Ŀ⣬Ǹ飬ֻ룬ֻ޲ýöˡ
һҪը˵ӣЦһ㣬ٷҲˣǰѲͲ𣿡
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ȻӵǷʺ󣬵ҪиһֱĳղһУȻҲͶᷢ
˵ǸӣҲûκεĴ
һ⻰˲ըˣҡ
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ٶĲߺޣڽӴĿ֮ҲȫѹȥǱ˶ͷһͰıˮһ㣬˲Ͱ
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һԼ˰ɡ
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ʹ֮У˲ִˣǳճյؿһȻ󷽻ʺĹŮ֮»عǹŮӹ޵ǰ
˫ϥµһ˲䣬еϱĸо͸ﴫ˹費ܿƵӿϸͷ
ãռԼλãҪǸˣһܹĥóͬ޸ġ
ҲΪˣӣеĺ޶ѾҪʵˡ
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334 

еķŭ裬øһ˫۾ʱһ㣬Ҳÿ˶ɵֹҲ֪ʲôʱҪ
ǰܲ˵ǵʱжѿ
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еǣǰһ̻Ҫðˣһ˲䣬ȻһӰ
ǡ
ܴ̼̫ˣ
ɻ
ʱЩʲôأ
ʼʱȷʵŭÿҪܲסˣ֣ʱеķŭ糱ˮһȥ
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ܹģΪ뷨Щŭֻһ˲糱ˮһȥˣֻ˵⡣
ãҪһֱӽ˵յˣٶؼգҲǿԽܵġ
ò˵ִҲһ̶ˡ
Ҫڳ֪ʲôֻ˶Ϊ
ϸŸɫȴǼΪɻ
ԭЦģ˼Ҫ飬ֻ±ɱҪܣһͿԾĿַŭƫƫ޿κεģˡ
ڡ
磬ûоãһҲŭͦˣͦеģԼǲǿˡ
ԸŮ֮Щ˼ԸҲûκһĺӡѹͲ￴֪Ǹ˻ǲˣ
û¶ȥʲԸĻû˵꣬΢΢һ٣ĿҲһתԺŴ
Ҳſ˹ȥ
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Ҳͼʱ䣬ԸͼһȺ˳СԺӵ棬Ⱥ˶Щףһ붼ŮӣǵķʽȻ൱һֶδ޵Ůӡ
ü
Щˣд󲿷֣ҲӡģǰڱĳԿ϶ǣЩ񣬻ޣǰһûдʲôġ
ЩˣȻ
ǰƾģ
Ҳ֪ܡ
ô
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ҲΪˣԭ˶Ϊⳡɥȴı
ʱ¶˵¶üΪҪǰɥ»ģһҪЦģѾ˵Цˣڻŵ˵ȴԲʲôʵ¡
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һʱ֮䣬ҧ
ҪǷʺּ⣬ʵΥãֻھҪ޶ЩϷ˺ÿˡ

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ʱڸõ˼֮нȥ
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һ죬ȵ̫ɽҲڿԻȥˣֻϥǶԼˣվʱҪѾ߼ʱһѣֻ¾Ҫֱӵˡ
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335 

Ѿߵϣ˺һǻϥǴľľ֮һľʹֻԼʱڵһ㣬һ¶ܣ˵·ˡ
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Щ˵ƾģͷβֺʵĳ߾һأ뵽ԼǰЩ˻һ㣬;Щȡ
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躸˵ͷ
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336

ô׾ͱܽת˻⣬躸ԸɵðЦ
Ȼû֮ǰ˵ת˵𸣰ľ״
ĸףûпƽʱ಻һˣڻʺǰĹŮǰҲǰ㲻εģô⣬ҲùԹԹţһüһ죬뿪ʱ·أ
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뵽⽿ĹŮٹҪˣȥһԼԹֵĵطܽľ;Щᡣ
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ԸֻģĸףҿһҲˡ
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337 ϣ

ԭ֮ǰӺܻ֮˾ЩʲôԾĵطΪп˹ݺģϾҲǴˣô
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׵ȥ飬˵Ƿ˻ʺּ⣬ҲʲˣʺﶼȷЩǸģǻм٣
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338 

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ףԼ˸ۣҪ֪һģ
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339 ͵

˺һŴӳ˼֮лع
񸣰İ裬οм仹֮ţôȥ븣˽أ
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340 

ԣļᶨͷͬʱ뵽˵Ǿ䡰ҲȥġͷͲɵ΢΢һ
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341 ΪҪ

ڣʲôŹ֣ʱûס
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˵꣬ԳѵСʹ˸ɫѸӷŽȥ
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342 

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343 ˼

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344 

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345 Ź

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346 ˴

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348 

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349 

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ǻ֮ˣŮȻȴҲŻҵѪϺ˲Ǹǵĺ˶ѣҲҴԲѵ˵ʲôҪָ
ƾʲôмص
Ȼ󣬾ͼϺ˵֮С
ΪΪҲȷʵʮֵĿҪص㶫Ҳײ¡
Ϻľٶвɵһݡ
ΪϺ̫ˣԾȻҴ빬Ҫžĵ۵
ԣûϺ˰ѲеĶóѾ಻ס˳ˣд̡
δ˵꣬Ȼֹ
ͻȻ˶סʺһ㡣
֮ԻˣΪϺóĶ
Ƕôţǲ˵ġ
ǡ
ȯʧ
ֻϺóһƬȴɣƬϣдŽɫ֡
Ǿ֮ʱ̫ʹ͸оĹģŸѫ֮ڿ֮ʱµĹͣҲϵĻʶ
ѫǿ֮ʱ̫ͣٴġ
й涨λֻʹ͸о֮ˣ̫֮ЩҲǽʮдģս£˽Ϊλ֮⣬еѫ󣬶ǿ֮ʱġ
ѾãЩ֮ʱ÷͵ѫ֮ңз±˾ģҲΪ˶ջ˾λģʣµȻࡣ
ҲΪˣʣµЩѫ󣬶ԼҵľλԼŻʶƵȯǼΪӵġ
£ѫ֮ҵȯӦǹĲǡ
ڡ
ϺˣȻȯ˳
Ĵ伫Ϊ󣬻ܹôһȯǰϺֿļ֣˭ûзﻹŶ
뵽ϺľٶľģɫΪѿ
ȻϺѾˣôҲǸ̫ɽ˺͵ĹȯҲǼٵġ
ȯڣʥϣֻҲþ֡
Ͼ֮ʱ̫Ϊ˱ֳڻλĹǵĿأȯ֮ʱÿһȯ֮ϵ֣̫ױ顣
ϺóȯִҪָֻ¡
Σ޷ˡ
뵽ҲɵÿʼЩżҪʹȥׯ̫ȳоĵ￴ţܰѻȥ
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352 

Ϻ˲ûΪó˽ȯԵ֮ɫȯֱߣȻ󹧹ķһŵʥϣôһӣԳԣȮӾǳĽȮӳ˸ˣǳΪָʵѰ
Ȼ󣬱طڵϣþò
ĵҲšüͷ
ڸЩ£ĵȻǷŭģȻ֮ǰϺ˽ʱҲᵱȾѵⳤһˡ
ôŭҲǾĵ۵ŮȻԸҲά֮ĵġ
ڡ
Ϻ˽ȯõǰȴоĵ۶ЩΪˡ
͸ȯǴŵ˹ȨŴ˵ȯ֮ϵ֣̫ױ顣
£ϺȯҪָĵ̫ά´²ҪĴ˳ȥֻ룿
Ϊ֮£ĵЩŭ
ŭϺ˵ģҲϺġ
ϺҲǸҷȻôҪĽȯϺ˳
ĵȴǲ֪Ϻ֪Գ֮Ϊ˲Ϻץ볤ţľﵽȥѹûлظ
Ϻˣ£ȻҲ׾ٵĽȯȡˡ
Ϻ˵ֻԲҪģԺúõģȻǣȴ˸ˣȻλٲ䵽Եͷˡ
Ȼλ˭̳Уֻ˵ϺľλڲڣЩͶϺ˵Ŀ֮ˡ
ȯ
Ϻ˵ʲôȻҪҪǣܲﵽĿġ
ͬʱϺҲһЩ
˺޸֮⣬Ϻͬ
Ҫ˸ĶҲ£ᱻ°뱲ӣԳ˷ˣпϮģͱˡ
Ϻ˺񣬵Ȼ˳ļ̳оλϮ֮ǰľȯʥϵĸǰ汲ľˣ˵ܸЩ
ò˵ϺҲȷʵ൱ơ
ֻ
ٻΣĶӣѾˣ
뵽Ϻһʱ֮䲻ɱ
ʱЩˣ˿زϺˣֿ˿ߵȯ׻ûס֡
ſ˸ͷΪĵۿסˡ
ĵۿŵϹŵϺˣɣ¡Իһ
ϺһȴǴϲ
ʥӢлʥϣ˸
ȻҲ֪ԼȵľٶֻѾǵʥˣأЩϺͼпܻΪӵȥͷ۰ɣкɣ
Ӿĵ˻Ϻ˽žˣܿ죬ھֻʣ¾ĵۺͳˡ
֡Ҫ˵Щʲôɻˣȴֲ֪ҪӺ˵
Щˡ
ҪǾĵΪǽȯҪϳ͸ĸʲôָ
֮ǰϺ˵ǰǰ裬Ҳֻׯ̫;ĵ۶ѣ˿ָϣܲţ
ûȳٿ˵ʲôĵ۾ɫصʲô˵£һҪۣ
ĵڼȴϧŽȯָǴ˶УҪοһ֮
ЩûһֱڣֻŸ
ĵ۵ɫˡ
Щ¾ĵۣʱĵ۵ɫôĸҲٲ˵κһˡ
Ϣɣĵ۷뿪
Ŀ;ĵԶŸ֪ܵĳͷüͷɵýš
Ҫȥׯ̫˵飬ĵ۶ѾԸ빬ˣߵĹҲͺ棬ȥô
ףҲֻܳ˹
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ͬڹյĽţʱȴǻЦһƬ
һ֮ȵʱ򣬰˴Ҳûʲôõȥ躸ԸãѧϰıԻϰ䣬ģÿǱﻵˡ
˵ϴγţȥµء
ܽܿƵܣ֮ҲûúǻȥϢЦŵҲŻȥˣôȣҿе϶쳤ˡ
û˵꣬ԸһЦ
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353 ʵ

ԸܵߣǣǣϵһƷ˿Цŵö翴ϳûݡ
ԸһۣŤͷܽʱȴǾЩ
ʱУȷʵƻˣҪǰи¶ǣעôܹ򷢵ʱ䣬ֻܲˡ
ΪԼεͦã뵽ܽǷˡ
ĸסỽһ
ܽЦЦôȵ죬žҲͲȥˣ찡ҺǸףʵġ
ʵģ
һ⻰躸ԸҲһڴӡ
ĸףʲôʵģ͸Ҫʲôѽס̲סʵ
ܽЦȴǷԸӳѩӳ᰽ý
öʲô
öЩ棬ԸǺֻСһ㣬ֻ޲øӳѩӳһȥ˲źء
ܽ״ǣôǴúѧѧҲһĹ֪ˣǻ档
Ըٺ١ֱЦ
ǿѧĳȡ
ܽ˵ûһӳѩӳ᰾ʹһȺѾӽˣЩﻹ̣ľͰ
Щͣ£ʹչȥ
ͭװı飬ɢźľͰװŵţ飬װǸɫʹӣоδĴµӣϡӡҡϵȵȡ
ЩʹҲͰˣǿֱڵġ
ţ顭
ţζ̲סüͷĸףţʲôõģҿɲȣ
ԸҲͷ
̥ĿζȻͬţĲϲȴһµġ
ܽЦɱСţ飬ţǿʳģţıƷ𣬶һԱˡ
Ƕţβϲܽ˵̥ǲɵ
ѾԲµܽҪʲôˡ
ЩԾԾԣĸף͸ҪԼʳʲô
ʱڱ߹صʱ򣬱߹صİնϲţ顢֭ңҳԹΣζ൱ġ
ܽŵһ˴ׯЩʹӺ͸ɹʲ̣԰֭⣬ǸȤ˱ɳԣȻԼҪ鷳ЩҲмȤζôҲȴǿ𣿡
һ
գһȤ£ԳԵʵʳѵ˸˵
躸ԸʱҲʮζ
ܽ״֪Լõ˺һµĻϲ
ҲûúǾõȣѾǶˣŵˣأˣѾҲˣʣµģɶԼ֣ҪòóԣɲҪޱŶ
ıͷ΢΢˶һĸףɱСңֻҪ֪ôһѳԵģ
˶ɵЦ
ܽкźǿʼ֡
ıѲСÿŵıܹһ֮⣬˲٣껹ǱҲЩ
ܽҲǼź⼸նЩƵģģŻ
֮⣬һ˻ûʲôء
뿴ҪļһԵģȤḶ́ƷԼգǺεȵã
һ㣬ֻе˷ܾܹóˡ
ܽкźǹ׼Ĳϣ⣬ӺţңĹӺ͸ɹʲ̡
ֻţʳָˡ
һ£м򵥵ģҲʲˣ˵ûʲôѶȣȵףĸףʲ̾ɣһõģ
ܽͽȻᷴԣ躸ãҲֻ޳ɣҲԸֹ䡣
˵ԭҲǴġ
Ѿ˵ˣΣܸܲСɣ
ܽЦʲ̿ż򵥣ʵҪĿҲ٣ôЩӸɹģԸ
һ룬Ҳǳܽ˵ͷ
ȻԸҪĶȥһߵϣʼЩӸɹ
Ӷϴɾ˵ģֻҪȥƤҲˣɹҪ鷳ЩֻǰǾͦ¶ˣԸŽϰʱ䣬ûЧǴ˲٣Щɹ˵Ҳʵ㲻ʲô
-

354 Ҫ

ҲԵøĬ
ԸѾæˣһΪУܽЦЦȻ룬Ļɸ
߶ͣǵһ֮Ҳһ֮ˣأ֭Ļͽˡ
˵ŻܽŽգգ۾
ʢģ¯Ա֭߰ҲȷʵǸ¡
ܽ·ɸ˽ԸɵͬʱЦ
Ȼ뽪ദʱ䣬ǲԽĴηˣûηоѽܽȻĸɲ£һɵ۵Ǹ£ôҲҵġ
ĸ˵ǼǸˣǾѽĸײأ
̥һۣȻͷĵЦˡ
̥躸ҲЩЦ⣬ִӹĵĮҲࡣ
ܽźЦԼҲ̲סЦ
һֵģһѽ
ܽǵľͽ֭ĻָԼɾί
Ϊ¿࣬ڱ߹ô꣬紵ɹܵĶ٣ѩһҲйģЩֻڰ˱ﰾ֭ѣʲô
ίǣָܽʱ򣬿ûаԥģ
֪ܽǲҪģԼܽķźǿǲԶˣںǵǰֳѵûĵ
׵ϣҪάȥ
ίͰ͵ؿܽ
ܽ⸱ģˡ
ֻ۵֮⣬֪ܽڹԼأ֪ڿЦܽҲһ㶼
źǶû߿ܽɿ˽һ£ȻֻٽջһȤΪһ֮޶ѵʱѵӦͦΪǽ㿴ҺŮ죬躸Ըֻ֭꣬ѵ㻹ĿǼȥ𣿡
⻰ҭסˡ
ܽŮ죬⻰٣躸Ըꣿ
ɵó躸Ը￴˹ȥ
躸ԸȻȷʵ٣һʮһʮ壬ǿѾܽĸ׵ĻҪ߳٣ԸǰӻЩŽϰʱ䣬ſ׳ʵ࣬аģ
񿴹ԸͷЦ֮£һģȻˣҪûһͰĺҸĻ⸱ģܻ˵
躸ȻûԸֵ䣬ҲǳϵķӸŶͷõЦ⡣
ɰѽ˸Ǻ
ֳܽŽգգ۾
ô죿
ԼϱģСΪ˶ϧװ˲꣬һ֮ҲֻϱķԸˡ
ǣֻȥ˽ѾһյС¯ӡ
Ҳñ˰æпȽȿͳ飬Ȼ֭Сɸɸһ飬ó֭￪ʼ
ľڹ˼£һʱĻľԱһ飬ܽȫȻ˺ǵĿ⡣
ܽ躸һһһŵ׼һȡ֭أŽ˻ɵǱ߿ǰ֭أԱ߶һ͸úˡ
üû¶ضܼˣġ
⻰˵Ųˡ
ʱԱЦĸףһҪ֭ˣøһȫˣ
ԸȻû˵ȴҲԱʹͷȻĻǳͬ
ܽ״вӦġ
ãô졣
˵Ż￴һۣﾡЦ⡣
޶ĻֻһƬů⡣
ȥô꣬ûܽĴڣֺʱй֣ܰһ˺ͺΣ
֪Ҷԣһ֧֮ȻҪȴҲҪһ
Ҫģܽķˡ
ǰҲɼңܽһңôı仯ý̲סһθмүҲãڤڤ֮в֪Ĵڣл佫ܽͻ
ҪȻ֪һʲôء
뵽һʱ飬źǵֱӽæŵܽ§˻
ܽ뵽֮٣һŵһӻһߣǳ׼ҵ˽Ķͷϣ˳ű¹䵽ܽļͷ
-

355 

ׯ͹ЩӶѾ͸˵ģ֭Ѿܽ룬Ķͷһңвٵ֭ˮ˳Ŷͷ»䡣
һſǲ֪жǱˡ
ܽһȻ洽Ц
ӣȿʼǻ½ܽأܽЦּŽֻ磬κһķŭǱҲȻҲ̲סܽһЦ
ϾڵģĺЦ
Ц֮ܽǰˤòӵӼһߣȻմˮϸϸ˲Թ˵˵㣬û¶Żʲôǻء
仰˵üΪС
Դӽǰ֮˽ܽ뽪֮ĻȻǼΪǵģźǵ棬ȴûعǰ͵Ϯɲܽһô
Ҫܵ˾ţҲôǱˡ
ܽĻ۽ǵȴƳ˺ǡ
躸Ȼ϶һԼ£һ㶼ûעԼ﷢ʲôʵ϶עء
Ŀ⣬躸˾ǱβһϽŲߡ
ҴˣŷˡǺЦ
ҵһ֭ˣϴҪϺδ˵ȥ
ܽעⲻǿ֮µĿ̽Щ߳ŭĻһӣȻͽϡ
Ͻȥ֭ҪǺˣ˵ȫһ˳ˣܽ
Ц˼ȴҲûܽߣ˳ȥ˽￴֭ȥˡ
״۶췢ˡ
磬Ҿ˵ĸײǼˡ㿴ĸ˵ʲôʲôʱ򷴲ˣ
˵һûС
Ը룬˵ͷ
˳ŶԷüŪ۵ģﻹϣԲĻ졣
躸һ˫ˣҲ͸¶һЦ

ͻȻ˴ǰ
֮ǰʲôӵأ
ǲ֮ǰ£躸ȴ֣ԼȴЩ벻ˡ
Ҳ벻ˣǣ˭ǰЩ£Щΰɡ
ţ躸˫΢΢һ
ܽһʱͲ躸ϵı仯֪躸ʲôֻ躸Ӿ֪ǶȻʲô¡
ûʣȴ˳ֽոһ躸躸ţԸӡ
躸û뵽ܽľٶӵߣʶľſ죬ܵĸǻع
Ȼ󡭡
躸Щ̡
ѾʮˣٹһʱҪȢˣɲԸǰ㣬Ժ޹˼ɵڸĸ׸ǰȻҲʹûܽйôǵĽӴܽڳʱ򻹲С躸Ĵǣˡ
ͺǸ֪µССӤĸιһ㡣
躸ʶľͽͷ
ΪܽʵЩζģ漴Ϳ躸΢΢Ķ

躸ĽӴֻǺˡ
ţܽϵЦݸ˼֡
Ϊ˲躸Σܽһ躸ɣ
躸ĹȥЩǱص˵ͷ
ܽһصţôһܺóԡ
躸һҲһصͷ
ͺͿԽǰССʧ̬ϳԴһ㡣
ûпԸʱһ͵Цǽһľ׽֭һҲܽŰҲ˳סĴ
ְ֮ܰУһæ˰죬Ǹ֮ǰˡ
֭ճñɣˣ֭Ǻţ䶳ңŸʽɹʹʲ̡
ĳƷһǳɾ͸С
һſǴŵ㣬ɵõĸףЩģҾܳԺü룡
Ըƽʱ̫ϲʳЩԼģҲȷʵԸҲɾЩߡ
ܽԿ˹򶨵躸һۣЦŵϾҪˣ֮ϢһÿһһҲܶೢ
ЩżĸףһģҪǲ꣬ٻˡⲻ̫ϧ𣿡
˵ϵġ
ܽһۣ֮ɲܶʳڻ᲻ữˣģͷҾͷԸ˽Щŵţǲữġ
-

356 ʥ

ԣʧ֮²ɵġ
ʲôȳһʳ̹ģ
ȱãĳҲɻģǰܽΨֺǳԶ˱ֶӣǶãԭΪЩôҲԼģĸ˵Ͳʳˣ뵽ܽȴһҪǵ˼ûأ

ܶʳҲͲܶʳɣܹԼģ϶
һ룬ָȻڴһƷԼЩ
ںڴ֮£ϢһܽЦ˽֮ǰһ˺ɵļСʳ
дŵɫ˰͸״˱ɣҧһڣڸЩͬʱֱ࣬ζá
ɿڣʲɫޣԭζټԼļӳɣȻÿһûжãȴҲԵ÷ǳˡ
һ⣬۰Ͱ͵ؿܽ
ܽȻǸۺӵģȴҲʱֱӷԸ˽ʣµСʳȥ
ȻףСè
ȻδܽһȤҲԼΪһڳԵĶ㣬ȷʵЩΪ飬ŽŻһĸסȻܽĻﲻϳˡ
ܽһıһߵ˵ѽǰʱıƷɽְں״̬ץŵڱ֮ϣȻٷأйոߣԵܳɽ״Ա֮Ϊɽݴɽͬ˪ѩڼޱζ
ʱûעܽ˵ʲôģһʮֿᰮʳˣܲܽأ
ǣľ͵ĸףҪǸҲԣ
ܽЦˣȴҲûпҪԼּԵҲ޷ţһֽбıƷ˵Ҳġ
ﻹܼǵԼæĸף´Щ
ܽͷḧ˸Цã´һ
ŮһŴҶϲ£ܽԣⱾǱκ¶Ҫø˵ġ
˵Ůô׺壬ܽڿĵͬʱ־Щǡ
ĸ׵ģѽ
ΪһôһıƷӶûֻǴһ뿪͡ԺãֱյɫѾúѹѹһƬˣЩ뽪ܽ˱
ߺǣܽͽһϴ׼ǰЪˣȴ䴫ӳѩ
ˣүӳѩ˶٣ܹˡ
ϣ
ܽͽһۣӶԷ￴˾ȡ
ʱѾҹˣ˵Ժܹܣڶ֮Ƕϲլ֮һģȴʱǡ
ô£
Ȼףܽͽ֪һǷʲôΪҪر£ҪȻǾ˵ġ
Ҳû飬Ѹٽ´á
ܹܽ
ӳѩӦȥʱʹɫܹ˽
ˣүܹܵˡӳѩ
󣬼ܽԼ˰֣ӳѩȥϣԼվԶЩĵطš
һأܹûܽͽʻүˣʥˡ
ʥϣ
ܽͽͬʱվ
ʥôˣһʱ
˺ܿ侲
ʥΪλʱΪӼҾ죬ֻҪӭӾˣڱģʥ˵ʱܻ˵ġ
ӭӡ
ǰ֪ܹˣܽͽֻǴ£ȴҲδж¡أȻҲˣʥ٣ܲʥϵǻѰɣ
ܹܸߣһ߻һߵѾʥӭ˽ʥԺС԰
ܹûʥģȻϲʥգȴʶʥߵλλڣܹȻỳʥϵݣԲŻἱææĽ
˵ͷ˵ĽŲļӿ졣
һߣܽɵ²ʥΪλʱңԼʥϣָӦԡ
Ҫǣʥ븣¶ûйϵأ

йϵܽ޾ġ
Լ˭û֣ôţ¶ɶմϱ߶
뵽˴ʱܽͽѾ˶Ժ
ԺС԰ӣ˵С԰ӣҲС
-

357 ״

С԰Ժıؾ֮أ˵԰ӣʵҲֻһЩݵĵأΧǹߵȡ
ܽͽϵʱʥվС԰븺ֶͷ΢΢ţڿſе¡
ܽͽһۣȻžĵ۵ıӰȥ
΢ʥϡ
ʥϡ
ĵתصƽɡ
Ȼ˵ܽͽˣ֮½Ϊʥϣ⾰ˣȻҲˡ
ܽŽվ
ΪܽȻǼʥϵģ٣һԶԶļţʥϽӴȴͷһء
ʵϣܽıģǲʥϵĸǰġ
Ҫʥּ˸˵˸ǰԼⱾһΪѵ£һСĽʥϿװģ˵þһ۾֮ܽȻǽҪһġ
ʥܽŮˣܲǰݼʥأ
Ҳǲò
Щܽ˳ͷҲ˼֡
ĵ۵Ŀֻܽɨһۣ漴㿴˽񣺡޽ЩƣһʱѪ뵽һߣûŵϢɣ
Ȼ˵ǡ
ʥϴǽ˵ҡʥϣգҹȴҲмɭʥ泼С
ĵҡҡͷأֻ߶ѣһҪعˣ˴󶯸ɸꣿ
ĻǾĵۣ˵ˣҲֻˡ
ĵ۵Ϻ¡Ƕ֪ˣ
ܽ΢΢һ
ĵ˵ġǡȻͲֻʽ
ԣܽҲŽһ˵ͷ
ճϺ˶˹Ϻ˻ϺĽȯ˳һҪϺָޡѾˡĵ۵
칬﷢£ʵѾõϢҲ˵ܽˡ
õϢҲֻǴԵģʱڵ׷ʲôϺʲôӲþĵ۴ӦҪһȴǽ֪ġ
ҲΪˣܽϢ¶ľȣȻҲʵˡ
Ŷ㾪ȣĵͷĪľͷЩ
ҡҡͷϺĺЩԽĲϺˣ¾Ȼмֹȯ
ͬھĵۡЩ˵̬ܽŮˣŮ˵˼Ȼײ²⣬ֻϺ˵Ĵ˾һ룬ʹϺԭ
羰ĵ˵ǰ㣬ϺҲȷʵЩ
ܽ²⣬Ϻ֮ҲΪԱˣǳ׵ûָ
Բǳ˸ˣֻˣˣϺ˶£ϣпѡϢˡ
ǶδӻЩָ֮£ðŴŭʥϵķգ˽ȯȥһأ
룬ϺʵЩơ
ŽԣĵЦЦû˵ȻĿȴ䵽ܽϣһתڻʺǰʱо֮٣ȴ˵һˣ
ܽû뵽ĵۻԼ΢΢һܿҲ
Щӵ̧ͷ˾ĵһֵۣܿͷڨڨصʥϣ֮ʵЩӡ
ܽʵĽԼеη˵ĵ۵ǲЦһ˵ҲһЩҲЩ
ڻʺǰŴηΪΣĵ۵
ʥϵĻǲΪʺͰ𣿡ܽʥϣգѲ˵ģ
˵꣬һۣܽҲʶԼ˵˻æͷøˡ
ʥϣӳ״ʥˡ
ĵЦЦؿ񣺡ŰڣҲ
˵ĵȻܿжܽά֮ҲʵˣȴҲȷʵء
ĵ۵ͷ
ֿܽˣղ˵ʲô޶ˣܺúõ˵˰ɣ
һ⻰ܽһϲͷҲϰ˼֡
ĵۼ״˵Щ£ЩʧЦȴʵѾϺҪһáҪθ
ܽʱ˾ֻϾܿ˿̵顣
볤ʥϾĻǿɲ͵ץ˻͸ϵҩ
-

358 Ϊ

ʥϣȻŮҲȷʵ̫ˣϴڴ£СŮߣҲ֪Ǵʲôأܽ޷޵صε˵ɣɲɥ޼գТأԼ˽ҪԸˣ
ܽһ˵û꣬˶üɫģﻹ֮ǰľګأ
ĵۿ˾Ȥ
ȴܽʹɫƫƫܽѹûϲ˵Ż
ʥϣ¸ȻûźãҪ˵⻹ԼģҲʵԹˣƫ˵ܽΪмġһ¸ԣȻдģһĲ첻ǣҪ˵Ҳǳĸ׵ûн̺ãĸ˼ҵŮЩģڱ˼ȳµĹңֻ͡
˵ܽͻȻɲѰ˼ҵŮʥϵŮ
æ졣
죬סԼ죬һ滹һ̧ĿĵۣڿĵǲǶŭˡ
ĵ۸Ȥˡ
ˣȷʵǸģҲʵЩȤ

ΪȤŻô߶˵ģ
֪ģĵ۵˼ת˳ӵ˽ϡ
Լ뷨ĵ΢΢һ֮ȴǲɵЦЦȻܽǣ㿴ҪõĳͷǸϺһ
ܽգգۣȻҲصʥϣȻϺҲд򣬻ڸԼϣʳųѽôҲýķŸˣٽͽﳤƹŷǹɣ
ܽüۣûɹֹܽĻʵҲ̲סˣæʥϣӿڲԣʥϲҪһƽϡ
ŴԣĵҡҡͷЦ䰡䣬Ҳֻ˵޲ҪƽϵĻˡ
ǻ˱ĳӣĵ˵ĻֻȾŵˣɽаľ⡣
ҲЦЦʥػ£㸾һƽϣҲֻǹҰˡ
ĵЦ񰡽˶㲻Դǣֻ֪а㲻ԴǵӰ
΢΢
ĵЦ֮鿴ǰҪ˲٣޾֪ﲻд˵һǸ޲ٵ
ȻֻЦˡ
ĵΪһ֮ĳ˵ЦⱾѾܹ˵ھĵ۵ŲͬѰĵλ
΢΢˸񣬵ҹ¶أʥϻЩعΪãʥϵ
ĵһ£ȻֲЦڸ޻عҲֻнŻˡ
ˣʥܹ٣ңңҲ˳ϻ̳Ͽ֣˵ʥ뿪عĻأ

ҲΪҹĵ۲Ÿӷġ
Լǰûι뷨㾰ĵҲ֪սϰΣô꣬һһ۾ܹ͸ˣҲòϣˣȷʵ˼Ϊĵġ
ĵ۶˶٣ǵãȻ䶼ѾȰˣعɡ
תĵͻȻͣ˽Ųͷܽ˵ȻҩɣҲпȡ֮ģ޻ϸ˼ǵġ
ܽסˡ
ʥϡ
˵֪ڸ͸ҩ
ĵۣ˵֮ҲûȽܽʲôӦʹ뿪ˡ
ܽŹ͵̬˺һֱ
һۣͬʱ˿
ĵһ֮Ȼһ˫ۣҲˣЩʥһı֣ܽͲһˣҪھĵ۵ǰݺһϷǻ治һ׵¡
ʥλǸ̲ܽסʡ
һ˵Żһ߻Լֽš
ֻھĵ۵ĸǰ˵ôĻûκεػܽһɣȴޱȽţôһֻֽŶ콩ˡ
Ԥǣȫָʹѡ
룬ҲûʲôȻҡҡͷʥϵ뷨ֻܹ²ġ
ܽҲˣ˵ΪԵ¶ķҪǵأ
ЦЦ
Ҳ˵ʲôһתԺߡ
ͷܽĲ̹ܹ£ȻعֱӾͽܽᱧ
-

359 

ͻȻڿն𣬰ܽһָֻʶĹס˽Ĳӣȵʶʲôڽǰһ£˰
Щ޹ⲻҲǼŷЩ̹÷˸ɿһЩ
ܽߡһ
ʱȷʵǲֽ̹ţԼ߻͡ԺȥȻǱŸЩˣǱҲ˵ʲôڽĻ˸š
ҲΪʵЩ̫ˣȵܽ͡Ժ׼˷˵ЩʲôȴܽȻ˯ˣ
Ρ
Σ
ҲֻŵĽܽŻص˴ϣְȥ¡
ҲǰѾϴˣҪȻǸýܽ˯ȥأ
һҹΡ
ڶһ磬ܽ۾ʱЩͷϵǶɴʣ˺һǼ¡
ʥˣͽȥӭӣʱ
˯ˣ
ܽԿ˿ѾˣӦһԸϰȥˡ
ɫʱֻѾˣܽӳѩӳ᰽
ӳѩӳͺ棬ܽĻæżСѾڡ
ѾǷϴϣܽʵʲôʱˣ
ӳѩطˣѾĩˣϾҪȳˡ
ĩ
ܽ΢΢һ١
ܽԼǹΨһŮˣҲûĸҪ̣ȻҲõ˭ĸǰȥأÿնǳģһķǣˡ
ȴ룬ձʱҪ˯˰ʱ
ܽû˵ӳѩֵүʱԸǲҪϢ
˵⻰ӳѩӳᰵ϶Щ졣
ʱ˵ǡˡӳѩӳᰶܽĴѾߣȻҲ֪µģƽ﷿ҪˮʱҲģȻЩɻΪηûҪˮ˵Ȼʶľ뵽˷޶ȥʱܲأ
ܽ˵ͷȻͷӳѩӳᰵĲԾ
ֻһ룬ѾΪʲôģѾˣѲɻܽԼ뽪Ĺ뷿֮ϸϸһ
֮£ܽ˰֣Щɡ
ӳѩӳǶ˿ӳѩкСѾǰţӳܽҡ
躸ãɶùˣܽʡ
ƽǳ˳̣ǾͻͽһţʱҪʱˣ͹ƽʱŵʱ䡣
ӳæطˣү˯㣬֪үͶүóŶ͵үǵԺȥˣĹҲ֪ͨٹػ
ܽŷˡ
ʱŰںˣܽҲʲôר
ǰûţֱţܽžԼ״̬ЩԾﲻã෴Ϊ̫ˡ
ʥϺ׵ĵܽʥϵǰһʥһ뿪;Լĸ첲ȶʹŽǻʹѵأȴ񾹾ųֽе֮֮⣬֢״ǰҲޡ
ΪΣ
ܽ뵽˽

ǽЩʲô
ģܽ¶һЦ
Ҳʱſڵӱ˴˽
ܽ¶ЦݣɫΪͣҲЦʵ˸ˣ
һ˵Żһֻ̧˻ӡ
ӳѩӳ̧ͷ˿ܽܽûзԣȥ
ܽŽЦЦſɶúˣԸϰ䣬ûΪɣ
ЩˣˣΪʵȴǺǵ£ǰΪѽ
ܽ⻰ˡ
Ц֮Ŀ͵ؿŽʵ˵ˣҪãֻҽҪܵýء
ĿҲű
Ϊɷ򣬿ԼķܣֻС¶ѣȫûκνó˵ıҪΣԼµõϿɣⶼһֵø˵¡
ܽ§кġ
ȴǰ䲻˵
ܽЦЦҲû˵
ӵһܽŵʥ˵ҵĻѲɣʥϻ׼˸ķţٽӽﳤƹŷ𣿡
Ҳֻôһ˵ѣɲΪʥĻ
룬Żпܣ͵ﲻ̫ܣʥϵ˵˵ܵϢˣҲü
-

360 ϳ

罪˵ûãǾ͵õϢ
ʥϴǰԳ͸ݣˣĸŮҲܰô꣬ΣǸνȷʵʥ϶ŭҲпΪϺóȯŭʥȴöҪϳ͸
ԣһ磬ʥּ͵˳Ϻ
˷ţˣʥּԣׯ̫ʧŸԣ˷ֻ֮ܽˣΪ̫ŮȥΪ̫
ȻԣĽ۴ȥﳤƹŷˡ
֣ǿɲһȥǻ֮УзֲŴõģ඼ᱻ򷢵ȥĹЩǹȴ޴ȥĹŮҲеЩµŮԼʧ֮˹ӣһ֣ڶԴ򷢹Ůʱ֮ǲʲôֶεġ
ҲΪˣ֣һŮ֮ɫĵط
ʥܽ۴ȥ֣ĳܽˡ
ԭΪҲǶ˷ŰˣϾׯ̫أ뵽ʥϾȻ˼
ǡ
м䷢ʲô𣿡ܽɵ
ܽ˺棬ЩεҡҡͷΪһ÷ȻҪԼҷ˵ģԽ˼䡣
ʱܽûأ֪˴𰸡
ˡһ
ܽʶءšһ£ȻЩؿ
ЦЦ֪ʥΪλˣ֪𣿡
ܽȻ֪ģΪڴؿŽ񣬵Ŵӽõ𰸡
ȴûеһʱܽԭίЦЦָԼϵ˵㣬ζ
ܽɵ˽һڡ
ܾãԽԽҪˡ
ʥ̬ȵת䣬ܽȷʵ̫ˣ˺һҲûȵ񿪿ڣҲֻЭˡ
˿ңԼ֮ûˣܽǰȻŽżڽӡһ¡
ЩܽҪ˿
ò׵ȵͶأݵô׾أ
һգͽܽ§˻ܽĴ֮˺һὫܽɿ
ܵĸı䣬ܽϽ˵һߣŴȻݺݵ˽һۡ
ҲΪ⣬ܽôĶ̫ˣæˣϱˣ˵У
ܽñӡ
ʼ˵ԼոյõϢ
Ҫ˵ʥ϶ԸҲȷʵݣθʲôѾ˾֪ˣϺó˽ȯڣʼʱʥʵҲֻŶ˸ķţٽһѡ
ĳͷҪ˵Ҳϡ
Ͼڸ˵ķţֻ±κεĳͷҪܽܡ
Ҫ˵ͷ̫ˣҲǿԵġ
Ȼ˷ţĳͷҪ˵ڸ˵ȫǲʹģܵѵ
ỹأÿһ˵ĿȻͬ
ڳĸ׵Ŀĳͷ˵Ȼزġ
ȻʥϵãܵôһţҲǳĥׯ̫󣬶ׯ̫ʥϵĸǰ˵˺üΣųµġ
ɴ˿ɼ֮ж಻ˡ
ôײŵõķţȻΪһҪСͱˣóܹأ
ڹҲ˵ģʥּ⣬ʥּûüأѾһõϢҸϽ˹ׯ̫
ׯ̫ȻҲ֪ʵ̫ƣҲôһŮۣܲ
ԣ֪ʥ϶Դ¼Ϊˣ̫ȥʥϹ
ʥϵ֮ǰׯ̫볤ʥһҪú˵ϲʥ϶ŭȻӦúúõģɼʥϣһ֮ȴʥκεĶݣ˵ǸıջּˣܿͽǰӦׯ̫¸˸ɾ
Ȼ󡭡
ԣֱӳʥ˵Ҫʥϻľֻ֮ܽ÷˼
֪Ϊ裬ǰʥǰܻΪһ̸
ʥȻǳֳͬʱҲһ֮һ֮Ǿ֮
ǣ
ܽ뵽ʥϵʱǺεȵķŭˡ
΢΢ףȻֱҪ־֮ʵҲǲˡ
ܽɵҡҡͷ
ʥϵͷ뿪Ȼȥ֮󣬾ͽ֮ǰǵּ׷˻һ
-

361 ˵ʲô

һΣ͵ʴˡ
ԭſŴǰΪԵɺʥһǵ֣ۿԲ˷ţȴ뵽ŻǱˣһڹһ꣬ȥׯ̫ҹδ
ܽҡҡͷ
ĸŮһģ
ʥּ£ΣҲֻҧˡ
ҡ
ʥȥΪׯּ̫Եøˡ
ׯ̫ӹȷʵ̫ϾѸߣȥǰӲأ
һ㣬ʥϵʥּǸҪͷ۶ҵһڡ
Ϊˣ仹ׯ̫޾ٻˣȻǼΪϧģΪܹԼ֮꣬˵ȻҲмţ˭Ҳ֪ȥׯ̫᲻ׯ̫кôУޣȥԼׯ̫ôҲ᲻⡣
֮£ǳȥ֣⻰ׯ̫ĶУׯֻ̫룿
ʥȥ˷ʺŸġ
ܽ´ͷβһ飬Ҳ²£Ǹʥּ֮ǰ֪ͨ˳ܼʱϵȥˣһǷʺ˰ɣ
¾ͶԲˡ
żΪ͵Ŀ⿴ܽ˵ͷ˿Ǳѩ
֪ͨǸˣȻϿׯ̫ˣʵȴӵķʺԣǷʺϢľ͸˳һ
ֻ£һֱڣ֪Լء
ܽЩɵø̾𷽻ʺ̫Զˡ
ͷϿܽ˵
ܽšüͷĳͷڳ˵ȻزģϺΪ˵õһϧѽȯǰȥˣĴãõõ˹
Ȼǲܵġ
ΪĸףۿԼĶӳһˣֱӱ°뱲ӣֻ»޲ýʼٸ˺ˣֻǶ˷ȥֶѣϺ˾⣿
ܽãϺ˶ǲ⣬˵ʧ֮»
Ϻ𣿡ܽʡ
ʵѾԼ֪ˡ
Ϻֳˣ¶Ȼֵü󣬽񲻿ܲ˵
Ȼҡҡͷ
Щˡܽ
Ϻܽȯóɼϴ빬ʥʱǺεȵľƸݶһ㲻Ϊġ
£ϺȻĴη塣
ôΪʲô˰أ
ܽ˼ӣֻõϢʺϺһ⣬ڴʲôǾͲö֪ˡ
Ƿʺ
ܽšüͷ˺һҲûʺϺ˵ʲôϺĽ֮¾Ȼ˳Ĭ

ƾܹϺ˰£ʺʥķֻּЩɡܽ
ЦЦ
ʺܹйʮ꣬Ҳûеģǹ̺죬һʱʥϵߣһ߹˼ʮķ꣬һǽѵˣɫ٣Щܹ֮أ
ʺ󣬾һԼʥķġ
ܽӣǾú氡
˵ʺϺ˵ʲôأ
ǻԼǷʺʲôһΪӳ˷˶ûָĸأ
ܽ벻
ΪԼ˺ԼĺӣζκεЭġ
ܽ콫ҧˣͷһ£ô棿ҪȻȥһ£
ܽӳ˼лعϽҡҡͷ
ܷʺνϺ˰ģЩ¶ǼûйϵֺαΪԼһʱĺýȥأ
ˡܽ

ΣܲһֱѹȥģʱȻҲ֪ˡ
ܽģûκεǿŴȥ̽µͷ
ܽתʥͻȻ˹£ʥϢǸʲô𣿡
üҲֻʥ˵зƣһʱѪѡǸأ
ܽ˽һۡ
Ҫ˲ء
ʲô£ʥϳϹϵ˵أ
ֽܽͷģˣģ󲻹̽ˣΪӦùġ
ܽ΢΢һ٣Ȼ˵ͷá
ܽڽȻȫεģȻ˵ܹ͵õҲŰɡ
-

362 

£ֻܽҪȷٶʲôҲˣһʹˮ˼ûУʥּ֮󣬶ڳЩ£ܽûйעˡ
̣佫ЩҪϣŶŮαƷء
ԼϴȫһƷʵȤڽϴεıƷ֮󣬽İܽͽִء
νɣһĳƷʵкܶǷȱأıƷһεģԾͽࡣ
ΪˣԸǼΪء
Ϊܽʺǳ̫ıƷÿﶼأıƷľͶѻܽҡ̼ҶһЩ
֮ͨ͹ӵȵȣܻǺܳģǴµͱƷ͵ĻԼıƷЩϡˡ
˳ܽıƷ֮Ȼ޲ڵģһڼƷ£Ҳ￪ˡ
ԴˣȻŲͬĿ
˾ýܽǲҵҲź֣Ҳе˾ǴźǸ˼伲࣬ͬʱּȤһ֣ͬ˾ֻһС£Ͳֵñó̸ۡ
ΪҲȷʵû̸̫۵ģҲΪʥּţȥ˰һ¸ֵۣ֮ºܿͲ˵֮ˡ
ܿ죬¾͹ȥˡ
ţȴûԻԺӡ
ʹɫ躸ԸʼղΪ֮£ֻԼܽˡ
ĸףһǴһ㡣
ܽէȻһû׼첲ϾȻһƬС
Щεؿʲô¾ֱ˵ңû׼˿Ҫô죿
⻰ԸľЦ
ԶԶԣ㿴ĸ׸ŵã̫Ӧˣ
˵꣬Ը̲סЦ
Щ죬躸Ҫ躸õЩ֧֣ȴ躸ʱҲǴЩЦġ
磬磡˶ţĸףǶ۸ң
ܽЦҡҡͷָĶͷᵯһ£Ѿͷĸ׵涼ԩˡ
⻰Ըһ㶡
ԩ磿
˼ǣ粢ûбԩ
Ը⸱ģֵЦˡ
ЦңЦ㣬˺һͣ
ܽʲôĸ˵ǣλõ
Լǰ÷ҲЩ˺һŵĸףⲻЩһԼƷͦȤģСӣһֺֺǡ
ܽͬ⣬ء
ϴθﵹǰͻ磬ְܽᣬȴǲͬһСۡ
˵ܽʧЦһʲôأǼС¶ѣҪССֻۣȥ˱ǣҪʲôĸ׷Ը˸Ǳ׵ģһˡ
ȷʵֻһС¡
⻹ǵһܽҪأʱܽ˵¶һõЦ
ĸףҾ֪ĸˣ
һЦţһ˵ܽĻֻֻܽĲϡ
ԭֻһԿĸŮЦֵģܽĲϣæһ֣㿴ĸܵģ
æվ֣Щηؿ˽һۣȻͷ
֪ڸ׵ĸײǵһλ

ûϵĸ׵ǵһλ
һ룬ڿ׵ʱܾЩСأ
ҲͲһƽˡ
˭ãǶǹĸ׵أ
Щеûģ֮Щŵעܽĸףû°ɣҲǹģֻ̫ˡ
һʱ˷ִ硣
ܽµģΪĻţͷĸֲֽ˶ô׾£ððʧʧӣҲȷʵúúĥһĥˡ
˿ĸ׵ġ
ԹɵӣܽһһͿ
ˣССۣǾͿȥдӰɣӺǵĸ˵һĸ׺˱˶ܽ
æͷȻȴǵĸף԰ϱ硢Ƕһ𣿡
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363 С

׽ˣҪ˵һҲʲô
ܽ͵Сǻ᲻ˡ
룬˵ͷȸȥʣǲ⣬ҾͰϱͱһ
˵̲סЦЦ
׼̼ҽõأʱҲǿϺͳ毼أ
ţҴܽͽ˱ͻȥдȥˡ
ܽЦҡҡͷ
⻰û˵أ
ȻŮ겻ͬϯ˵Ҳֻһ˵ѣҲûǰϸģ˵ˣֲʲôᣬֻǺ˽һֶѣͽڣȻǡ
ĻûˣǱԼȥСǹͨɡ
ܽ˿躸ԸֵÿŽѧҲۣͦҲʱһ£ǵ躸ԸǸǸϰϰҲɣСǲ⣬ʱҲϸͱһúһɣǸ˴ӱ߹ѰЩֹʱǻһɽ
һܽ˵ɽԸˡ
֪ܽ˻ɽôһ£Ըûֹţû뵽ǶûҪأܽͰҪĸˡ
ףĸף̫ˣԸ
Ը˵ӣܽһۣʧЦ
ԸŽϰʱ䣬ӹǿӲ׳ʵ࣬ҲϳЩ׻Ǹӡ
*
ԼʱҲеġ
ܽ뿪֮󣬺ܿͻصԼԺʼд
ǰܽûʱûʲôʱ˼̸ѡ
˵ƽٱʶǼλϵС㣬֮⣬ӨBˡ
Ϊ˲࣬źܿҲд˷Ը˳ȥ
ڶգȺõ˵Ļš
ǰЩʱ򸾴źƷ£˶ŵģдŹȥ֣ͬȻҲǼȤģ˵ģʱԼλֳԼλһ£ȴǶû⡣
õŶ룬ɴ˳˵ֵܡ
ʱôкǵֳܵһԼһʱһأ˷ܵص
İţܽҲЦСǲ⣬ǾٺòˣǷģһľ˰Ѷãһᵢġ
ͷڼСֶۣ˼ڴ
ڴУֻýļչöҪ࣬ò׵Լõһ죬һ˯ˡ
Լ˯ţȥ͡Ժ֮ǰԺȥ躸Ըˡ
ĸףɹܹɣԼ˷ܵ˯ţǵðҺʹҲԸһ߸״һ˸Ƿ
ԸŽϰ䣬ҲĲɣÿҪϰ⼸տʼÿ˯֮ǰ񻹶һ
˵ǶʵǽԸ½ѹûжģԸ⼸ջǺܰЩᣬ˵ÿ϶ǰʹ˯ŵġ
£ÿϵϢʱ䣬Ը˵ȻҲͼΪҪˣ˯ߣܲգ

չգ뵽ΪյСۻᣬһļ٣ԸʵҲͦġ
״Ը˽躸Ҳϣ磬Ҳ鿴˯ôҲ϶û˯ɣ
躸Ըһۣȴû˵
ԸԼһ£躸ǲᷢκοġ
ܽԸ˵躸躸ʱǣҲؼһʱ򲻿˶塣
躸˵ͷ
ԸȻΪôС¶Լ״ܽ˵֮󣬱̲סԸһۡ
Ȼ̥һۣһһ۵ģ͸ڱ˭۾һ

⵱Ȼѵġ
̥òȻֻƣ˵۾ȴüΪƣֱһģӡһ㣬Ҫ۾СϷֳʤǻǲס
ܽһ˫Ů̲ܶסЦ
ԸһǾ͸ȥ׼׼ˣҺǸȻڸȴǲ¶ģд˵飬ҪԼɲҪǵǿЦŶܽ
-

364 ˭

Ըͱתע
˵ûмгţԼӴԼĿˣһС͵ᣬⱾԼζԼ˵ĸоȻԸʮ⡣
ףĸףǷģһѿ˶дãܽЩ֮󣬶ظ
ܽͽ񶼻΢Ц
˵ֻǺǳɳһС¶ѣܺʲôǶֻаֵĿ
õ˽ܽĿ϶Ը֮󣬾͸׼ȥˡ
ΪԸдĿˣܽⲦһԺӸǣһӦҪõĶҲľ͵Ժȥֻſǵء
ҲûˣӨ֮⣬Bֳ̼ҵĳͳ毣ԼϴμһĳͳپԼҵǧ֪š
˵֪ţܽûʱ򣬡֪ܽŵִ֣Ϊһ֥֬¶ھֵҲʵСܽ˱ָƵͬʱ֪Ҳûܵø
֪ϵı֮ŵǸʱҲ֪һ棬ٺ֮Ի֪Ϥ
Ϊ֪ܽŵǴγͻʼģԼཻ֪ܽ᲻òأΪ£ȥʹܽõܽ񶨵Ĵ֮ȫû֪
ֻཻʱ仹ãƽʱҲֻдд˵˵Ȥ¶ѣȴûл˽档
ⲻôһСᣬ͸֪Ŷӡ
ģȻˡ
ԸԺָѾǰᶫأ˾͵ˣBöˣԼ̼ˣ֪һǶ
ٴ֪ŻЩ˼Ҫûֻܽߵתء
ҲǼԺֻԼˣ˲ſǷ
һ޵ķӦ躸˶ɵЦ
⸱ģҸĸֲʲôǻǾô¼𣿡ɵôȤ
ЦһҲͰǵȻж࡭ţжˣ
֮ĵطֻҪһ˵ȻȻľͻ˴ķ
ֻ躸ǵǰûнһֳѡ
һ˵˶ɵͷˡ
Ψ֪ţڵͷͬʱȴ־ãҪ˵˵Ǹˣ϶˲ǡ
˿ǵô˵ֱӸޣҲ֮ɰԹĻû˵أ
ټϵ֥롰ܽǳͻǺѾ˹ȥֻ֪Ҫ뵽ܻ̲ܽסеη塣
ӡ󡭡
Ҫܳһʱ䣬ſԱɡ
֪롣
ķӦЦˣΪ˴˵ǣĻǽ;ܷİɣ׺ĸǻⲦԺӸǣҲãǲǰ¶ġ
ǳһ
ȵִҶһķӦ̲סһЦԭǲģҲɶЩ׽
ӨȹҶԺӵһ࣬躸ƵһȥˣȻҲҪֳʤʱıƷҪбԵģ
һ⻰ԸͿһ
˶ǹټӵܣмԵǰҲûнģ˵ƷˣŮߣͬûнҪɣҲŮӻʤ
һԡ
ߣɲǻûбȾˣ
ϴԼ߷˿飺ɾͲˣԣǲսܣ
ԣЩؿһۣԼߵĳ毿˹Ŀڳ毵϶˶٣ŴȤϱ磬ǲһӣ˭һӣ
Ȼõʾ䣬Ȥ˼Բˡ
ȥϺͳ毵Ҳ׵Ķ˻׵ȥ˾ء
Ϻͳ毣˳δˡ
ԣԲĴȤϺͳȻ϶Щ죬ֻԹһ˱ɬ֮л˹
ƤЩεؿ
-

365 ̸

͵Цһŵϱ磬İɣҴƷҲ˾ˣıĻóԺÿأⳡԵ˭˭ӮǸδ֪أ
Ҫһʼܶ϶ӮλȤ
һ˵˵ҲЩڴˡ
ܽΪúʹ죬ֶ׼˲٣ǷֳݣҲȫǹõģָѾǽֺ֮һȺ˱߸˵
Ҳǵֿ֮B˿
Դӵ֮³׵˵֮BǰȵҲЩ仯ԵľĵӲǰǰСˣʹˣ˶ĳϣǻô֮ʱBǳĽţǰվôм䣬ҲǹеûԼɪɪˡ
ҲǸƽĹһֱ۲BķӦ״B֣ҽ㣬İɣԶԶģ㲻Ҫ£
Bмؿһۡ
ǵܽƸBҲˣûž͵õδĸСõİݣBҲ֪ԼǼõġ
B룬˼B֮ĻҲ뷨
ǳ毡
֮УҲֻBͳ毶ˣBദãҲɵÿӨһۡ
Ҳ֪
δСãǲһദ
ӨһʱͲ˳毿ԼųЦЦ̼㣬ģҲһƽĺСã
һȻ̲סȻЦ
һСȻ󲿷ֶǵһμ棬ҲΪһЦ;Լ֮Ĺϵˡ
Ц֮󣬼ųЩκߣæˣǻǸϽĥĥҪЩʲôƷɣⳡǿɲ䣡ˣ׻˴ӱ߹ǱЩֹĸ˵ǰıƷɽµ֪ˣǽɽɡ
Ļ˽תעҲʼרĥóֺÿıƷӮⳡԡ
һæţС֮Ҳ˵ЩǷĴ¡
Ҫ˵Ĵ£۱˷ȥһ£ȻǾƲȥġ
۲ϣҲɻ䱻֪һ㣬⼸꣬ۿûٸұͷǰһΪҺĸ볤һδЩ궼أ뵽Ȼͱȥ˰֡
뵽ɵҡҡͷ
֮Ի䵽ĽҪ˵Ϊһ顱֡

뵽ԼƭΣüͷɵԽšԽ
ƭԼԼҲֻΪҵôһЩ㽶ѣĸ׵Ļ˵ҲԲʲô顣
ô֮һ֣ʲôȻ˳տأ
ôõĳûΪͷЩ֪ģʥϵĴͻ֮¼޸˼ңʹ˵һķҲ˸
ĺӲȴƫƫҪΪһҪҪģ⵽һʲôĸأ
ôҲס
Ȼǰֵ÷зģڸϣһŰֽҪȥ˵ֽʲôɫʣҲȷʵЩΪˡ
ǳʲôĸտ񣬵ȴΪΪ۶ϧ̾һδҲ̫ǳЩ
ѽǱȥ˰֣ǰ㶼Լдء
Ƕ
˫һ̯ЩεصҲ֪Ǳá
˵ͷ
ƽʥϵĵܵܣҲǳֳֻׯ̫ˣôţƽʥҲȷʵֵܡãһ˭Ҳ޷ϵġ
ƽھ͸εһ㣬ڸǰûеģǱãʵϣ۴ǰɰ㶼Ʋ
۵ĸײʥ׵ǸˣҲΪˣǿԼֻǼΪ޵ġ
ôޣܲܶʥȥһҲͳ۵жд̡
ҵļ֮ʱÿÿһ䳰ȷôٲ˵ġ
Ҳǿ۸ĺӣֻҪһ棬֮Ҫһġ
ҲҸûҪҪȻһָжأ뵽ۣͲɵšüͷ
״̲סЦã⸱ģԼǰʱһ
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366 

ãͳԼôͬһˣǾѡ
ȵЦˣŵȻҺ۵ĹϵãôҲǱã֮ǰֵʱĸҺôȥһ͡
飬Ҫһġ
ԣ뿪ǵգȥ˵ġ
ǣ˶Ϊ˷ţ͵ȥһҲӰɣʵϰ˼ǰ辢ǰ㶼ûأҲӶɳһ仰û˵ָҵı˵ǹȥЦġ
ֻЩ㹻ʱˡ
ƲƲ죺ҪǿϾͰҵˣҵʱָùѪͷģ
ͷ
֮Ի£Ϊһ¡
ʲôԣѾ֪ˣı֣һҲ֣ȽֵǣеĴ඼ЩӲòǰӵܣϺ˾ȻҲˡϺ˵ʱı飬ܾЩ졣
ϺҲˣ
˶ɵԲۡ
Ϻ˵ѽȯýΪһ£ȥãѾ˳˭֪Ϻ˶жʹˣˣ뿪Ǳȥ֣Ϻ˾ȻУ
룬ѲɣϺ侮ʯģΪľǿжң
ӨҲŵϺһܼ޲ȥ۸˺˰ɣ
̼ҽúB֪ţҲһ˼
ȴҡҡͷˣҿϺ˵ǲڿˣ֡
˺һûʵĴݵʱϺ˵񣬲ǿˣڿʲôϣһ
Ҳ֪ǲܵġ
Ϻ˺۶ˣôʲôϣأ
ֱӽЩ²ᣬҲݲ֮Ϻ˵ŵƽ֮ǰǰ˵˼仰˵ʲô̫ԶҲû壬ֻԼˡһ¡֮Ļ
ۻȥ֮󣬻ƽҲ˵ƽҲͬ벻ʲô
ҲΪˣŻὫµһȤ̸˵С
ɾϡˣ㲻ɵõ˵ۺԵ¸ոձֵʱϺ˿볤ֵģϧ˽ȯΪϺҪأô̬ȴˣ
СһΪҲŪô£ǺܿҲͽ׵һȥ
һģһűƷʱܿҲ͹ȥˡ
ò˵֮ǰϵ뷨ǶԵģҪɣȻǱȲЩСġ
֮⣬˶ǵһԶƷһָ㣬ıƷҲȷʵģء
ȵӳѩӳŹʱЩСѾ⡢ҡʲ̶ˡ
ԸѾǰԼôõĳƷű֣λ㣬ӨǶ˰ɣЪЪ֮ϢһͿԳıƷˣ
Сﶼɵÿʼڴ
ҲûʳƷԼǲͬģ붼˾ء
СǶ˵ͷ
ǳ躸˻磬ǻŰɣ
躸ʱҲˣȻ飬һȺǷš
ûгţôͬһſõʹһˡ
ù֮󣬸ոϢһ˱ȲƷԼıƷ
ҲζǰԵǰãСԼġļӳڣ˻ǳԵÿĵġ
磬˹Ȼսһ´˵еɽֻԭˣ˵նңɰ㶼ɽģһ˿Ļ⡰Ḷ́˴ҵһƬƬЦ
˴磬̫ʼб֮ǰֳһ͵ſڡ
´ʲôģһٽǣԸظ
ȻֻһһգҲ㹻һꡢŮǷչΪĸˡ
ſǶԶˣ躸Ըһȥ͡Ժ
ܽͽȻһնûгںǵǰЩʲôôȴ˽ⲻġ
ˣܽ˲ͷϵĺʵ
˵ͷĸף˺öıƷأŷǸҲԲ꣬ҾôҶԼıƷؼˣҲԸҵļ˺úóһѽ
-

367 Ŭ

ãҵĴ˳ԼҶŮıƷһܸ˵ġ
Ըһһ㵸˵һΣģ֪δء
ܽЩۡ
ǰǸӣŵڸߣ躸մڸﲻҲ˵Ը竣ֳЩ˵ֻ¶ʲôģȻҲĽ־ͬϵѡ
ҲΪˣֻдһѣúˡ
ܽıԺʲôʵǵССֵǡ
Ըͻ
̲ܽסЦˡ
ӣ
ȣֻ곤˲躸ɾ̫ˡ
ܽŵʱߵȻӳᰵ
үˣܹˡ
⻰Ը
ܹײᵽԺÿһι޵ķʸһ㣬ԸҲġ
ܽͽһۡ
Ȼûܹܵ棬ֻʱ䣬ҲܲµõܹܹΪ˺¡
ǵ˿һµ¡
˼һۣˣҺĸҪ̸ܹԸǾȻȥЪŰɣ躸¡
Ըվ
ûʲôرķӦ֪ܹһҪ£ҲûһҪԸȴЩ⡣
ףĸףʲô´ҾͲҲˣԸֹһ
šüͷԸһۡ
Ը˫һ
Խη壬Ѿ˹ģһۣԸҲֹˣҪ뿪ȴܽסˡ
Ըܽ˵ŻԸĸǰ
ԸȻֻʮ꣬Ѿܽ߳һСأܽ˵΢΢̧ͷˣע⵽һ㣬Ըæ¶һЩ̧ܹܽͷƽ۾
ֻһСϸڣȴܽͷɵů
ܽǽҲЩůɫ
ԸҺ㸸֮躸ȥϢΪ躸곤ҲΪ躸Բ뵽һЩҪ֮躸˵Ҫࡣܽ
֮ԻϸϸԸͣΪܽԸΪ¶˸
躸ӣ躸ҪϮģλֻһԸעҪı·ġ
Ѿȷ¡
ҲڵԸܻгһ죬ҲпЩµʱֻܽԸ֪λȻֻһ躸һġ
˼ֵǽ֮¾ĳЩƽչģܽϣԼĶҲˡ
ԣ躸£ΪӵݣΪѾɳԲ뵽д֮ˡ
ܽҪԸġ
Ըܽ˵΢΢һ
û뵽Լһ䱧Թ֣ܽص͡
ȻΪܽеݣԸͷЩ˼ĸףҾ˳ôһ˵
֣ܽԸͷḧ˸
Ը򴽣ȻҲ֣زĸףģ֪ڻܳееΣһŬģһʹһ𣬰ҳ
ܽ˲ͺۿ
һĸ׵ģԼĺ˵šһŬġֻʱҪοжǲܵġ
ĸԸһġܽ
ܽ˵Ը̲סٺ١ɵЦһЦȴһʶ￴˹ȥﻹڴ
״һȻҲǰȥԸͷ࣬ŶԴ˵ķʽļġ
ҲţԸ
жԣӸõĿ϶ĸ׵Ŀ϶Ųͬġ
ǰܽ϶ԸֻǸˣҲ˵ȴ޵Ķ־ֱ޲ȥ׼ʱźء
վһԿֳ븸ĸ֮Ļ˺һСصףĸףҡҲŬŬһң
˵ǰջЩأô⻰ܽͽ躸ԸȴǶ̲סһЦ
ԭĳرһɨ⣬ʣµľֻлˡ
Ըߣͷ࣬㻹ʲôòĵǧС㣬ĸףҺʹһ𱣻žˣ
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368 

ȻԸһ󣬵˵⻰ʱȴѾֳӡ
ʱԼǱ˶ųŵĸоʵϣҲȷʵˡ
ûжãԸ͵ˣǿȥЪŰɡ
Ȼܽͽ˱뿪
һܹܽˡ
үˣүܹҲûӣֱ˵Լ⣬յ˱߹ؾź͵ĶǰѾžˣʱ䣬ֻ⼸վ͸õˡ
ܽԣΪ֮һ
Ѿڴ˿һˣҪ䶨ˡ
˵ͷܺãҪһˡ
ͣϢǴʥ϶Уʥմá
֮ʥҲȻΪĵͶ˼Ͼʮ߹صҾֲýһ˳ɳɳʥҲ׶ĳ̶ȣǱ߹ûս£ʱձȨسֻûдڵıҪأ
ЩԤΣ۵ǵ£΢Сˡ
ܽĲɵ΢΢һ
ǰʥȻ뷨߹صδ׵İҲֻˣڲһ˶Ѿͣˣ˵ʥϻܲѹ뷨ֻ᲻Ĳȡʲôж
Ͼ
ǹһ˻ص˾ǣɲھУôӵĽʿڡ
Ϊ뷨̲ܽסǵؿ˽
֣ܽοˣģµġ
ŽͳȴᶨܽҲ
˶˵˻и߸ĶţڽңɽڳƬ죬ҡ
οֿܽ躸躸Сı£ҲͻῪʼˣ׼𣿡
躸˵ͷ
ʵЩ˼ġ
Ȼ˵ܽͽǰ½ʵϣȴûʲôȻȻľͷչڵ˳ѹͲʲô
ˡ
ô˼˵ЩԼıأ
ţУΨһǵıģʱ֪԰Լȥۣȴû֪һɡ
躸Щֲľ뵽ԼһпܻΣȻΪԼΪ
ܹǿһ㣬ǿ游׷ǡ
ţ躸;üԳЩ
ƫͷһͿ˽֡
ֻ֣ǰԸļĵļϡ
躸ûǿģֻҪᶨƵǰߣһǿ޾һС
躸򴽣ͷ
ܽ躸һۣЦ躸ɲþԼ㸸ʱ˵ء
˵⻰ܽѸٵļصúһ档
ǡ
ԭҪȰ躸ĻȴȻֹ
񿴳ܽɫЩ֣躸ļͷģˣȻȥɣ֪ͨСѣѾ׼ˡ
躸ͷȻܹһȥ
ܽߣЩֵصˣôˣ
ǰúõģôͻȻЩֵֹˣ
ܽµĴ˺һǵһμһнˡ
Ȼ󣬽һͻ
뵽ܽǻ֢֮ʮΣ׽ķޣܽʱȴʱʱȫȻİֻһ۾ֱܷǾӡ
Ȼǰ۾ʦѾ˵ˣܽĻѾΪȹ̣ٲ᷸ǻ֢֮£ʱǰ㣬˭˵׼أ
ǲλ۾ʦֻǹҡ
ˣ㡭ϵ𣿡˵⻰ʱЩˡ
ܽŴӳ˼лع
Ž⸱ģܽһͲµΪλˣΪ˰ģæ˽֣
û£㲻Ҫġܽ
ܽϤ飬ǿſĲǿʼƽ
һѽܽ§þҪǶԼһ㣬һŵˣ㲻뿪һܣ
ܽڽĻĿˮҲ뿪
󣬵ȴΪᶨ
ƽ
ӵһǰܽ쳣ˣǰʲôأôǰֵֹģ͸һӲʶһ
һʣܽǰֵ£̲ס´һ
ðΣڽֿʼҪŵʱܽĵڿ֪ˣΪʲôһֱϸңǵһμ浽ںʱ
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369 

ɫһɣȻɫһ
û뵽֮ǰôҲ벻¶ܽʱȴͻȻ
Ϊʲôѵʱθܽ
ȻΪʱʵӢԼȻܽǵˣ͸ɴٲ¶ˣڵ귢£ֻҪһֱˣܼܽܲǵãǲҪ
ڡ
ܽԼˡ
ӢͦĽüšһ׾ٵľܿʱжΪѣҪ˿ˣ϶ΪΪʲôΣļҹ£֪ʵֻΪܽ˵ǵһμʱζڿء
⸱ģ̲ܽסЦǰӢͦˣƺҲ뵱Ǹֻʮغһ
˵ȷʵǺüǰˡ
˵ü궼ֻǿ۵мʮ˵ʵϣѾǶʮǰˡ
ʱܽΪʲôѾЩǲˣֻǵó֮һ꣬걧ԹԹȥģֻЩԹܽʵǲΪᣬЩĪ˴ܽʵ̲סˣ˦һӣָıһš
Ȼ󡭡
ܽ᲻ỹأȴ갤ܽһǷһĴȻܽ˸˵ллܵòӰ
ʱܽʱʱĻܻ֪꣬ȥô˵Ҳûʲôʱ佥ȥҲԺ
Ȼⶺ˺ü죬һģϸĻ뽪˸ʮ
ԭܽһֱûµģȰο躸ʱԭ˵㸸͵ʱֻ»ءģҲΪ仰ͻȻ
뵱ǸɬСëͷٿԼǰĽ̲ܽסЦԭ㰡
дĸп
ֻƼˮ֪꣬һˣڸôЩ֮ȴԼķ˻Ϊ¶Եģʵڲò˵һɺˡ
ʱҲȫ
ôţܽѾǱģڶѾˣô죿
˵ܽЦ֮ǰһֱ˵ǲΪʱرɵ
ЩΡ
ȷʵͦɵġ
ܽŴ
ɲɵô
Ȼʱ뽪֮䵽˵ЩʲôܽѾӡˣɻǵãǸС˵Щǡ겻֪ζΪ´ǿ˵ҪҲŭֱ֮ӸСһˡ
ʱһӣҺҲ£ỹأܽ
ǸʱĽȻ٣ܽС˵ȴ׳ʵ࣬ܽűӣҪǽҪֻ֣»ҪԿġ
ȴû뵽񲻽û֣˵лл
ЦЦ
ҪǻˣﻹȢϱ
ܽŽϵЦݣȴһʣ˵㵱ǲеɵҴ㣬һ٣㲻գ˵лл˵ҵЩʲôôлأ
Ὣܽӵ뻳ȴûлش⡣
ҲܽѹûнԼʹЩϣһֱ벻ʱĽ˵Щȴඥһ㣬ЩЩЦľǿԶʼѧȥеԼӦóеΡ
ԡ
Ͷܽ˵ڵһУʼܽ
еǸСһӣһͨʹʱĽ񻹲֪ǿã֪ܲܳΪ
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ܽȴЩЦ
˶ʾ˵ǿӲĮһ棬ﾹȻҲ˵Եִ֡
ò˵Ƕܽ˵ҲǼΪʵġ
ԶԶԣ˵öԣ͸һԣܽӦŽĻ
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Ȼõʾ䣬֪ܽЩԼû˵
ҲЩʮǰѾܽѿˣʱĽһǶΪ˴˵ʱ仹кܳǻὫĻ˵
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370 

֪ܽԼ˵ġ
ԣȴ޸˵ʱǷ꽫һһλ˿ʵ꽫ĽˣžΧϺüȦˡ
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ҲǸʱʵţǻһֱű˴ˣֱȥȴû뵽ᷢһʣһֿʮꡣ
ڣʱȻȥô꣬Щȴʼղġ
ڻˣݣеĸ飬ҲӣжˣܵõһУ
š
Ѳɣǰȫ磬˽ĸܽ
˵ǺǺЦ˵ʲô㲻ȫ磬һǿԵɵӣңˣһ𣬲õ࣬Ҳͬõࡣ
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ܽȻܹе˼䴽ЦЦҲ⣬Ǽ׷ʵ£ˣҵ굽׶ЩʲôôܸôӰأ
Ǻ档
ȴϴһôϸʱΣܽô׷ʣյýġ
֮ܽ£ڽһ£ˣǰһģ
ҪȻôܱյô
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ΣͻȻ𵱳뽪һμһ㣬˵ʱˣٴأ
ȫ
ܽᡰߡһƿ׼ҪЪˡ
ԼҷʹСӵģﲻЦ⣬Ҳ޾ĳ硣
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ڶһ磬žͽ˹
ǲʹͣףȻõϢȻҪһʱȥʥˡ
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Ϊһֱڱ߹أЩɱɱһ㶼Ȥĵ£˽˲١
ԴӶʮǰĴַ֮Щ߹شδЪս£ҲǽЩսûôƵˣСĦȴǴûٹġ
ˣҲһֱڱ߹ˡ
ڡ
뾰˶ʮģǱˣҪȴˣ
뵽ĽԼ׵ĹͣȻޱȵĽģ˵ͬʱֻ۾һգգؿܽҪܽĿеõԼҪĴ𰸡
ˣܽЦЦΪ͵صû˱ˡ
ʵϣܹôս£ѾΪǿˣô궼ûܴӾҧһûܵõôΪʮսҲѾϲȥˡ
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ܽõ˿϶ֻ
ԼĸһܹüҹӢۣôܲأ
躸ԸҲǴĽġ

ͬǴȻĽ躸ڽ֮ȴŵΣ
ʱ躸ŽѧϰջʮִһЩǰѹûȥ⣬ҲܹˣҲΪף֪ΣڣŻ᲻潪ҵǡ
Ȼǹ鵣ǣ躸ȴҲὫЩ˵
ԸȴһҲûע⵽躸ĵǣԸЩ˷ܵصĸף˵˲͵ģһҪǺף˵ĵ˳øд˲һҲ֪Ҫ޹λʲô
Ѿ뵽ˡ
ܽʧЦȷʵҪǾף˼һλǾһλȥɻû׼أ򣬺֮ҲֻһԸ뷨ѣʥϻ᲻Ӧʣǻһأ
ͷǣһǼһλȥأ
˵Ըһۣ˫Ƶܿ
֮£ļһλǾһλȥں׵ĹԣҪԶ磬ȥһȫİĵطһӶٻһۡ
ˡ
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ܿͽһ죺϶Ǽһλȥﻹδ޵乫ɾֻзһˣǻʺΨһŮҲǱʥŵģôȥĺأ
κ˿ǲȥ׵ġ
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371 

뷼ҲֻǼѣҪ۽飬ȫûеģҲ̿ŷԶȥĺס
ȻȥףǾĵĹ޹ˣһȫİˣһһ֮ˣ˾֮᲻˼ԼĹ磬᲻òӦĵˣȻҲ
Զ裬֮顣
Ը룬˵еʥϺͻʺ飬ʥϺͻʺôҲ÷Զȥĺѽ
˵꣬ԸҲ˿
ܽһ˫Ůı֣ɵ΢΢Ц
ĺǣһġ
Ȼʱ򲢲һ£ôΪĸףܽԸԼĺһģΪײֻһֱ˻ŵˣܱһġ
ȻԸ⻤ĺǵġ
ıǼšһ£Ըļ磬ܽЦŵ㿴ǣ湬Ĺˣ˵ģɻʥϺͻʺ۰أѲʥϺͻʺﻹܲ룬Ҫˣ
ԸһۣŻǶһµͷ̲סЦ
ĸ˵Ķԣ
ͬص
ν淼ģʹ̲סЩ棺ĸףʲôʱܵǣʱȥŴòãǻûмأ
һ˵Żһ߳Ըʹɫ
Ըͬ˺治ѣҲͷѽĸףˣһҲܼżأʹȥһɣ
һ˫ö棬躸Ըͷһ£кκģͬˣֻǳЩѡ
ĻܴԸĺأ
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̥ܽЩ
ڼӣܽݣֻҪ񣬺ʲôʲôԸܽǾܵģȥˣⱾҲʲôֵҪ̥һܽҲ˳ͬ
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ܽЦҡͷӦûмղִܵﾩǣʱǸһǰõ׼ȷϢᵢǵġ
һʵĸףҿӨһ𣿡
ͻȻϴ˵ԺʲôģһСǵģȥŴˣһǳˡ
ܽͷϵ˵㣺ϸü˵ĸ;ĸǷǸһеģǣɾ˵ˣдʲС
֪ܽͬˣжˡ
Ը磬Өǵд˵ſɾ͸дˣ
ϴһһ죬ԸͼҵɿҲ꣬дȻҪָԸһˡ
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ܽ˵ʱ򣬹Ҳĵϸϸͼ׵¡
ʥϣǱ߳ʮֻ꣬ǳŲסˣõϢѾɳʹǰͣһк׵򡣡
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ӽһϢôܲأ

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ĵѾ٣ĵ֮УǲٵģҲѾĵ
ǽЩĵԽԼЩģѾòٺˣȥޣҲڻʺ
ŮɫĵȷʵѾء
ҲΪˣк׵뷨þĵ֡
ʺ󽫺󹬴þþĵΪ֮Դ׶գǺһĵĺ׹ʱ᲻ʲô¶⻹˵
Ӿĵ۵ı˵ǲԼĺôһĺ׹ġ

ͣԭ˫ĵһֶΣҪףĵȴܾ˻᲻˶뷨̸ûʲôõӰ죬ҲǾĵҪǵһ¡
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372 Э

һҲֻӾĵ۵ʣʥϣȻͣǾܾףҲ̫Ӱ죬Ρ
˵˴ȻЩΪѡ
ĵһˣֻ֪֮»飬׷ʵ䣬Σ
ϸ˼һʥϣųõϢ֮ԻͣΪ˶ʮ֮ѾϲˣһΪҪԭ򡣡
ĵ۾Žġ
ŷʼ׵ϰߣξ֮ǰĵĿɺѯҹĴָʾǣ͵ͬʱܴɺױļףǲС˶٣˶ڴΣǺ֮²̸ɣֻ£֮»
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һ£˵ΪҪھͬǼΪҪġ
˴ʮϲˣҲͬˣܵѹҪ
ЩΪнĴڣڱ߹صս֮Ȼռƣεĵ˱߾֮⣬ûκһ̤ķΧ벽˾Ƕ˵һʮһֱҧžš
һս£һž޵һԴԴϵžӣǾһλֶĻ飬ֻ¹ȫ߹صսȥˡ
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ڣҲ֪ǲǾĵ۵ԸЧЩ꾰ȻСֻʱУȴûз˲ùһֱŵڡ
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373 

ǲµ˻᲻ԼҲûҪǣ
˵ˣӴʹţֲʲôò£ڸŷǸã
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䲻ƴˣҪ˴򽻵Ȼǽо飬нսţ͵ʱֻ¶Ҫ֣½ٺʲˣںЩˣǽãֻܷԸҲˣͽּ⴫ȥĵϴº͵Цݣˣ˷ؾѾЪ˰ɣЪˣͻָϳɣ񽪰ĹŴ󳼣ЪڼҾʧˡ
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ȻΪĶŮЩ˵̫ˣô˵аʢŵˣǵĸףǸ˶أأ
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374 ƽ

ԲʧЦǺұĹ¶ѣҲֵ˵棿
Ըų羴Ž
ЩĿǵĸףôܲأ
ܽ״ȥɣǵֻҲ·һΰˡ
ܽһ˵ԸЩߵصͷ
ȴͷһԸͷ϶ࡣ
ȻͷˣԸȴ˲ѡ
ܽ״ЦˣҲҪˣȥϴϴɡ
Žźȥϴ֣ܽԸӳѩ
ùţһ˾һ˵˻˺һۣԸȻȥЪŰɡ
Ըδ֮ǰΪܽ躸òˡ
ЩӣԸϰָ̿˼֣㽪ûҪҲԷĽÿϰʱӳһʱ
ܽͽܿóԸ˵ġһŬġŵԣҪԼļеһΡ
ԴˣܽͽȻοġ
躸ˣΪҶĶŬԸҲͬˣļҲڻܳأڲԶĽһ躸һ𣬴ӽļϽӹǵΡ
ܽͽһ㡣
Ը뿪ˣſ躸躸ãʥ֮ԻὫӴ˵Ĳ½ңк⣿
ʱ䣬Ľе½躸
ӼȻѾˣҲҪǷֵһЩȻ᲻Ը⣬ְֽţܺù躸ҪԼһȥ
꽪ʣ躸šüͷ뵽˳˼֮С
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Щοص˵ûʥϾ̽ҡ
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ھĵ۶ԼļɵһֱҲû취ĵ۵ļɵ
ھĵ˵ɵģֻнսƽϢ֮еıȨɻ仰˵ֻҪ˻ڣͻþнʿӵѵǸս񣬾û˱Ȩѵĵ۾ܹ
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˵仰ʶԼЩʧ̬躸Ŵٲ˵һ仰
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375 С

ҪȻ躸ôô׵ľԭԲεĸĸأ
Ȼ躸ûнԼԭ˵ڣֻѿڶ潪ƽܽѾܹһˡ
ܽţЩɬѵ
ĺһЩԼͽǵֲüǵһЩʱǷйܽﻹһЩƫƫ˭Ҳǡ
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383 

Χгע⵽ܽͽ֮Ļ˼ˡ
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ʣὫܽĵԵı¶ˣ˳֮⣬ûбˡ
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㿴ܽ˴գĿʾ棬ܾţҵʱ򣬿ɱ㿴һҪרעء
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ĳܽͽԼĵ֮»˴Σֻ޲ýܽ˺ˡ
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ڳ֮Իᱻ˷ţֱȥ֣ⶼΪܽڷʺĸǰ˲ԣҪˣŮô䵽Ľأ
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385 ᣡ

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һҧ˵ˣκһҪȢĹΪԸһЩò
ߣѲ̸еĳǻŽʥΨһճķƳȥ
ԣ͵̸Уһʱ֮ȴ뵽˽֮С
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Ĺ˴ǰЩСʺ඼ƽϣ񵫷Ƿ˵ֻҪʺˣٲ𷣡
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Ĺˣ⼸꼫óҲΪ˷ʺùͷʺ㡣
ĵ۽ЩŮɫϲģںޣںޣҲ֮Եó裬Ϊһֵĺ١
ǵĵ۱ϾѾ٣׳֮ʱȻЩõģճ˾ĵ۵ķģײðߡ
ÿʱĵ۱㶼ȥһߣϼӣƽҲܸߡ
⣬ȴǹġ
ҲΪĲԣ굹һԾΪ˳˷ʺ֮ܳɡ
ʺȻȾĵҪС꣬Ű֮ҲѾԶˣͣڵĶѾټϷʺĺλΪȹֳֻ̣Ҫ̫ۣѹͲϡ
ԣǰʺҲмġ
һΡ
˭ڷʺΪ˺֮żϻʱ򣬻ǰЦôأ
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ʺ֮żϻ𣬳֮¿˺һ֮⣬һԭ
еİԭֻܹ֮Ͽ̸ףԵʵδйĹģϾͨϰնڻʼң£֪Σ
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ΪЩ˵Ҳ֪˻ֻзһǺʵĺѡҲ֪˷ʥϺͷʺ顣
ֻǰǶҲǸпһˡ
ڰʱʱ̸֮ȴʼˡȻΪΪ˹Ҵ壬ҲԸȻġĴԡ
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ûа취ֱЩԵǼ٣Ȼ˵Ҳˣ׷׾þĹֱЩ֮ͨ
ǣЩ죬ǳţ׼Ƿ׷̾Ĵ塣
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ͱ磬ǵ̾Է˵Ͳʲô¡
Ȼ˰ǵ̾ͬʱҲ൱ڽ˻Ͽʱ򣬷ʺǷ˳棬ǲԸȥףֻ£̾ŷЩգʱͻָˡ
£ʺܲżϻأ
ܽϸϸ˵ˣȻʵЩ˭ģ
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ֻ˽⣬ܱ֤ñ˽ЩֶõԼͷ
ҲûܽѧʲôıƣֻǾãܽһһģһյϷһ㣬øȤ
ܽʣϸ룬ĸף̸֮ȴ˺ʥϥµĹҲֻзһǺʵġ
ȽЩϸϸһ顣
ΪʥϺͻʺ飬ʥϺͻʺﶼȻ᲻÷ȥף²Żһֱڶûиۡ
ʥϥ»һóĹֻº֮Ѿöˡ
ӳͳֳͿԿǹҲȫͬġ
ҲΪʥϺͷʺ᲻÷ԱǸ̸еĳϣҲа˲
֮һ˫ҲԽԽڹ۶ϣʺ϶ϣע⵽ƫƫʱ򣬾ǵİȴõ˷Ϊ˹Ҵ壬ΪܹԸȥĺ׵ϢĸףϢˣǶԷѽ˵ǳŻʺȥأ
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388 ͻ

˵꣬۾ؿܽڵܽĿ佱
ܽͷЦ޵ţµһ㶼ûأ
ܽĿ佱һСú˵ġ
գգۣеĸˣ˼
ô˵Ǹ˷ųϢðʩѹϾǶѾ֪ԸȥĺˣҪзʺ߷Դ˲˵ֻ»ǵķŭ
ͨİգڻҹ˵ʱǽűߵһֻСһ㣬־ˡ
⣬һҲͷӲκεɾʥϣҲǾġ
ˮۣܸۡ
ݹб߸Ļʳ֮Իᱻ߸Ϊ⡣
ϣȥףΪʱ򣬱˵ǷʺˣʥϣֻҲֻ˳ˡ
ֵڱıһеˣʱЩж޻ʺﰡ
˺޻ʺˡ
˹һЩ÷ʺǵ·ɣҲֻ뵽ˡ
ʥּ۵ʱԭûҪϳ͵ģǱˣǷʺ˵ʲôʲô۱ȥ˰֡
Ѳɡ
ǳڱʺ
뵽Щԥؿܽĸףãǳ𣿡
Щҿ϶Լжϡ
ܽ״ֱģµһ㶼ûǳģʵͺܺˣ漰ʼҵ£һ¹ʥϺͻʺ۰ķǲҪȥĺףĴ£ΪӵȻǲ֮ϱ߶ģҲֻгֳңƫƫ뷽ʺ϶˲Ÿˡ
˼ص˵ͷ
ܽЦԽԽˣЩܷóأĸԺǲõ֮۸ˡ
ʼʱֻܽǴȤˣ˵棬ȴǲ֪ľ͸п
ϾҲѾˣôڼжҲĹҲҪˡ
ܽ⻰Щߣ˶ţĸף
ΪŮңἰ֮£ܲأ
ܽļձ߶Ѿ˺ϼҲٴȤˣЦŵˣĸײ˵˰ɣ
һ˺һǽϵĺϼѹȥ
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ܽʺòԿֻҪһĽڣһ˴淼ȥ׾ˡ
֮һֱŷҲֻΪֻзôһĹѣǻбĹԺףֻĺ֮ܲܳɣһλȥף
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Щܽ뵽ʺȻҲ뵽˵ڷʺѾѡѡѾʼжˡ
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ѽôû뵽أԼĶͷģǾǰûй׵ǰȴеģ˵ǰ׵Ĺѡ˻ͲŮ˸ȥ׵أ
ǰйӣʺοԼŮȥأ

ȥףͻһԭȫ޹ϵĹﲻòԶȥģǸԭԲþһеĹǺεȵĲƽأ
뵽Щ̡
Ҳ֪ڻȨǰֺĹƽء
ܽȻóڸпʲôȴûаοʲôЩ֪ЩԲǻ¡
ң̵£Ͳᷢʱ֪˺׵˭˵þϲء
ܽЦˡ
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ӳѩѻ˵꣬ܽЩȡ
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Щϡˡ
Ҫ֪ƽ͵ƽȻƽʱȴгŵʱ򣬶ҲҪƽһعһӵ˼
ܽҲ֪ҲΪƽƽòˡ
ǣϴƽ磬Լȥƽ֮⣬ƽҲûʲôĽƽôأ
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389 

ҡ
ӳѩƽǹ˶ĿģʲôĿأ
ܽ˼Щ⣬ҲûŷԸӳѩ¡
״ץܽСҡҡĸס
Щ
ƽ죬ֻǼˣȴѾǼΪܵƽС˹ȻҪܽʲôԵɶʾͽӦȴҲϣܽôһƽΪ˺¶ǿԣٴ֡
֣ܽӳѩƽɣԸѾӣܺԼ죡
˵漸֣ܽżΪ
ӳѩһӦǣ
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ܽЦҡҡͷ
ʱӳѩƽˣԼ֮ž˳ȥǽԺСѾǶ˳ȥȻӳһվԺŴš
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ƽһɵӣڸճţͷҲֻټ򵥲һ٣ͷθһδ
һ㶼ҪͣʱҪһ㡣

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˼ţܽȴǲԣƽһ£֪ݹ٣ʧԶӭ
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˵ȻǼ޽˻ʼңʵ뱻Ľкأ
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ƽԭΪԼһҶѾ˵͵Ǻ޲ԼһҲĳЩ˵ˣЩӦ÷Źһ˲ǣû뵽һҲûбŹ񷽻ʺ󻹰ϡ
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390 Ӧ

ʺ˵鷳ƣҪ˻õС˵Ȥ⻰ƽȻǲŵġ
һʲôõСڷʺǰֵĲǣ˭֪Ϊ׵£ʺżϻģʲôйС˵
ƽǣСĴ⼸ղ֪ͷβʺֻһ˽ѡ
⼸ӹƽѯڹЩʲôʺ˵ЩʲôΪľԿܴܲзЩ˿̽׷ʺ󵽵ʲô
գ֮ϸϸڹЩʲôƽ˵š˿һšͰ͵ģ˵ʺ˵һЩµĻ
ʺ˵⼸յΪУֻ޲Ůźء
⻰Ҳͬƽ
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Ŀʼ˵Щ֮ƽҲûôˡ
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ܽĬ
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ΪƽĴڸʵ̫ˣ˵ͨգܽͽ֮ǰźµʱҲʶĽƽ©ˡ

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ܽԱ߲˲ˡ
ƽǸӣЩǸ⣺֪¶÷ΪˣҺү⾩ǣҲʵҲ˿иˣԭүҪģҼҪˡ
˵ƽǸˡ
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391 ֪

ֵԭڣܽŻӦƽɲֻΪͳǿ
ܽ⻰ȴ԰Űɡ
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392 Ǹ

ˣΨһӡҲǸûκδҷ緶Ĵֱɸˣƽȴ
껹δ޽ƽʱƽʵܽй֮ԵʱƽܽʵЩøУֻǻûüչͼȥƽ
Ȼ˻ʼҵϱһƽȴǹŻҪôҪ̤һϼѡ
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ǣҲһΪĳЩԭ򲻵òˡ
˵ƽҲȻ̴ˣĿıʡ
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޷Ҳţ˵ܽῴСķϣæأ
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393 

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394 

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395 侮ʯ

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396 ˵

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ǾĵһĸͬãôĵҲһֱųģҪ˵Գûи飬Ȼǲܵġ

ϴΣ빬ԼҪ֮ʱһȻĵ˾ϡ
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398 лл

ĵ۳Ϊ·ƽ̹·ϻѪԴǻΪ֮󣬾ׯ̫ĸҲδԼ˾ĵַۣϵλǰйκεķ
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399 

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˵ſܸϲǻԷ͡ԺǲζţѾϰһţһأ
ھĵۺͷʺǰûбκεûܽκεĵ⣬ֻǹŶѣȴľЩ⡣
ܿ죬ž
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ܽǽ񣬶ԺйԼһһԷʱ򣬴ûʲôʳԡĹء
һ¾̲סˣĸף빬ô
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ܽﻹ֪ܲ˼ͷİɣСûˡ
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ܽһӲˣӦòˡ
ֵö˰뷹
ܽӺͺֵʱĵҲţ뷽ʺ˵˻ǰǬ幬ȥˡ
Ŀžĵ۵ӰԶʺûκεĵ飬ǰȥˡ
Ȼĵ۵ͷĬȥףֻҪһ첻ʺͲõ
Ͼҹζడ
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ֻ徻γǿҵĶԱȵģǰ޴ڵģֻ˸ܵҰѹϢ
ôɭϣڻףǸŹĺլ֮УһЩŮΪ˸ԭ֮£еԼԸģһЩǱݺġ
ԸĻǱݺģһˣǰǲ߲ὫֳǰˣȻǲܵġ
ǣЩŮӣ㶼ͽ˰֡
Ҳ˻ã͵֣ܺùҪʵȴǣͬһ˵ĵطֱֻɱһҪһЩѡ
۵ɱˣŸʹ
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£ֻô̶һʱ䣬һ¶
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һƬ̵أ
ڰȻʹ࣬Ⲣ˵ĹǾͻᶯִˣ෴ЩӴͷβûжһָͷҲûһ
Щӡ
ǲۡ
ȫһ㣬κԵĽҲûĽ㡣
ʼʱۼŰ㰲ҲйӴˣﻹţҲûǰ˵ǰ£ֱһ죬κһ˵һ仰ȴЩԾˡ
û˵Ҳû˸ͳԵģ۶ˣԼ߳סһ·ûнŲĹȥ˳öԣֻǶҲû
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400 Ϣ

ǰûԭûԼ˵˿µһ¡
ĹӲ٣жʮֵһ£ȴûκһ˵һ仰йһĽ
Щ˾Ϲһ㣬ǵǰεǶûκεķӦ
Ҳ۲Щ˲ֻһˣסû˹ӵŮӣҲһ̬ȡ
ҲŮ˵˵ֻļڽεлֻҪֻҪȷܿԼ˵һּİοˡ
ǡ
۳ԾǣЩȵֵŮӣĽӽȴûκҪ˼ţۻŶһ㡣
۲֪ЩΪʲôҪˣĸо֮УûһˣԼ

һĴĻ֮У۾ԼҲѾ˱ٱıԵˡ
һˣȴ˿۾ãԼֱһ޴λֻ꣬վһԿʻ˼䣬֪ʲôʱͻ֮±һ޵ĭȫʧ
һָͷӹġ
ǣڻָͷӣĸܹȥȴȷһʱ䣬ǲҲ
Ҳġ
Ҳۼʱһ磬۳һ߹ĹӴ˻𣬷йԼеʹŭʱǸȴûΪվĸǰ
Ҫ㡣
һɳָɬ
ƿһûпľʱһ㣬˾ö䶼Щܡ
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˵˷ܵЦ˼
ϲÿҪιȥʱǹ˵껰ȴһּΪָӵۡ
Ľоȣʹޣƽʱľŷǳ
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֣һ˾ͲҪ߳ȥĵط
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Ȼ۵ĽŲȻһ١
Ϊվģһ֪ǰֵ˵ĹŮ
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ԣĲĸףǷʺˡ
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֮ǰ֪ʺʲô֮ҲֱʱĶԷʺֱ۵ӡ
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Ů⣬Ȼ²ġ
ĵһӦ⹬ŮǷ˷ʺ֮ԼЦġ
ܿ죬Ҳͷ뷨
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ˣôôǳǳ侮ʯأ
۸ˡ
ŮˣȴǼΪº͵ЦЦ
֪Ϊʲô⹬Ůò뷽ʺûаֵƣʱ⹬Ůȴ뷽ʺˡ
СĪգȻСͺϢġŮ
Ϣ
Ȼǲŵġ
ֻ˳ʲôӣ֪ʺԼʲôŹ˲һ£ӷʺôܴʲôϢأ
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ǹŮҲΪ⣬ЦЦС㣬ūǷ˻ʺ֮ؾġ
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401 

ؾ
۶ﲻţʺôĵ˽ؾۣۻ̲סһ
֪ҪǲܻصǣصϤĵطϤˣٴֻ¶òһ£һᷢ衣
ܿ죬۾ͽԼĶѹ
ᱻ͵淽ʺɳ˲ٵֻ·ʺΪϴδµ¶ء
˵ʺʲôֻ֮»û꣬ۻѹͲţŶãȻ͵ı
뵽ԼĲ֪ߵغ۵̲סǻںޡ
Ҫ֪
û֪
Ȼʺ⽫Լ͵˰Ųһµʱ䣬ôģ˽Լؾȥ
֮۽Ŵһֶû˵
ˣǹŮЦЦ˵ŵøˣСʲôģūȷʵǷ˻ʺ֮СؾģǻʺԸģʥҲ֪ģСɲйĵġ
䣬۵ͷһ
ڷʺȻǲŵġ
ɶھĵۣôЩһֱΪ۰Ļʵ۾˾ˣȴԴһϣġ
Ѳɡ
ǻʵ۾˾˲̿ܿ࣬Żʾⷽʺؾ
ʺô⣬ʵ۾˾˶˻ˣǲҲģԲŻ᲻ò
۵ɱı
ǰ⹬ŮϾǷʺˣţϺҪվϢһ£⹬ŮνһѰڵϵġ
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ˣǹŮҲգǼСūᣬū澣⵹Ҳū澳˷˻ʺ֮С˻ʺĴµɲūܹα˵ġ
˵ŻŮʺ˳
ϸ˹ȥ
ǰʱʱľͻȻҲǼʺּģϣȷʵǷʺıʼ
۰Щ
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㺦£ŮϵЦˣֵⲻʥϺͻʺūǰСˣҪؾʥҲʱǷСˣؾ֮ʥϻ׿˵ˣΪأ

۵ۼų
ǰѾΪ˶Ϊ԰ˣǳΪ˹ĸһݣ˼ǲǾ͵øӾηˣ
ֻҪһ뵽ǸԺԼòΣ۾ͲЦˡ

ö˶˵ģ˾ΪξҪΪ
ﻹеɡ
ǹŮ״ֵС㣬ʥϵĽԣָǲмٵġ
šüͷһ׻ûܿջ
룬ЩŮٴĵӣҲ͵͵˷ʺʥ˵¶ĻǣһоͶˣ
۽ȭͷϵ˷ҲʼѹƲסֳ
ǡŮΪ֣С㣬²˳٣ͻؾɣ
̧ɫⶼѾˣžǿɻмʮ·أҪǲϽ·û취֮ǰϻؾǡ
Ҳٲ飬ǹŮ󣬾һ·뿪˰֡
ֱĳ˰ֵĴţǽķ
ǹŮŵڳ֮ǰֿһۣþͿ˺üվڣżΪĿ⿴
ʶĴ˸䡣
Ȼһɣ̲סεĵط׵ڵ
ʱۻΪǻؾǼ֮ǰķӵģ뵽ֻҧ˷ʺ˵ݹĶģ°뱲أ
֮󣬵ۻ£ǻ̲ס룬ûи⹬ŮؾǾ˰֣᲻һЩ
Ҳʼյòһ
ڰֻ֣бƷôһܣ뿪֣Ͳò뿪ľȥĺףߵĸãҲʵǱȽϲ
ңڰֵʱʵûѡ
ԸǹŮߣѲɾܰѵһ
Ȼǲܵġ
-

402 

۱ʺߵĹŮӻؾһ£ȻüΪΣܽǺܿʹӽ֪ˡ
ʺ۽ӻؾˣһֱӽӽ˹ͷܽü
ͷ
ܽﲻЩп
ֻʺ˽ӽͿԿóԼźεȵģźεȵƿ
ϾﻹһۼΪ۰ׯ̫أŴҲԶҪʥּ֮ǰׯ̫֪˷ʺĴ㣬ֻׯ̫Ҳŵġ
Ȼʺ󲢲Ϊᱻׯ̫Լʲô
˵ʺãׯ̫ʲôҲֹ¡

±ʥҲͷģֻ½콫۽˻ʥּ͸ˣֻҪʥּһ£ׯ̫ǳ˭Ҳþĵ۸ı⡣
ʺĽԼ¶˰
±ܽͽģˣ˵Ҳһֳ䶨İġ
󡭡
۾Ҳκε˺ˡ
Դˣܽͽֻи˵ġ
ܽͽͬǣͬһʱ䣬ȴĵķꡣ
Դ۱֣һľϰµģǲðҲǰ֣Ҫһ棬㲻̳ܽҲ԰
˲ڵɽɽأͱ˸˻
ˣֱֻͨӾͷԸֱȥˣȴϳǷʺˡ
ڷʺ󣬳ǼΪɵġ
֪֮Ա֣ⱾǷʺıԼԼĸŮǷʺı
ƫƫڰ֣൱ǱʺͶ֮£Ӳ
ԣ֮󣬾ôģֻա
ٺֹ˶ӣȺǰ֣ԭţ˵ʺһʱҲͳȥأ
ȴ룬ʺõģΣͬûܼۡ
֮£ҲֻЩ
ڣʺȻųۣյģ⵹ҲóԷЩġ
ţʺôۣһʱˣԼȥׯ̫;ĵ۸ǰһһҲôȥˣҲܹ»ؾҲֻӼһʱˡ
ⲻΨڰԿ࣬վȥһ˶
ֻͶͳˣһֱ̫б˶˻
ӼƤӣҵҲˣ
˻Ҫÿ
ڳŵʱǱ߶ŵģȥ˰Ͷӣǻˡ
ҲǳĸˣЩҲų˲ٵ£ǰ漸ͶȥģҲûʲôӣȴһΣã
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˰һľ̡
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ʶ㣬Ķ˳Ƣԣʱǲ㵹ãһµȳҲûˣǶˣ¶ֻ¾ûˡ
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յصӵĶͷϣȻǵˤ˵ϣӵĶͷҲѪֱʶ£Ѫϣ˿Ҳ
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ӶڳƢҲȷʵΪ˽⣬һ֮󣬳ҲȻһЩ
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ȥ۶ͶʱŻǲǾñʰˣţ۽ӣӵ¶һЩ˼ֻ¾Ҫ˶ҹȥˡ
һûأžһġ
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403 

ʱͼ
Ϊһĸף۰һ˫ŮģôҲٵģ۱ȥֵʱ䣬ÿﶼҪν
ʱҲʱ̵۵εģŻÿϼվͶȥ
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ֵĹӾȻȥĶˣ
׷ʲô£͵ӣҪһ㡣
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Һã˽ⳤƢԣӲǰˣŻعҪȻ治֪ôء
ţҲ㶼ҵˣæūҲЩΣԭö˶˵ģͻȻˣ϶¶ģūûмŻɽ£ҸĴ
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ǸҲżȻƳһۣ۱˿һ£ֻҪ;棬ÿ˳濴أ˾һۡ
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˭ߵģֽӵ˺δȥΪûУ
ĽۣкĿģ
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ϾǰֱǷʺڹŵģЩﷸ˴ɣҲб͵ȥģ˵Ƿʺĺ԰ҲȫԵġ
ԼҪȥֿۣҪʺ˷ʺֻ˭ܲľͽ۽ӳأ
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Ǹʡ
ʺ۳ȴǰϢԼʲô
Ҳ벻
Ȼ벻ȴܿ϶ʺ϶ûģ
ֱ߳һҪЩҵУ춼ѾˣҲѾǳҲʱ
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Ϊװ¶һ˯ò̤ʵһϵĶΣμһ߿һ߳ȣƫƫôҲץ۵֡
һ˯ûþ񣬷һ˯Ҫƣ
һûͣĶΣѾ߽ϴȻһѣŶûþͳȥ
ųԺӣ
ҪȥЦʵ
һۣδ˵һ䣬һԹԵ뿪ˡ
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Щȴǳ֪ġ
һ·˹
빬ضȥׯ̫һΣΪ²ǱʺˣҲ˲ȥׯ̫ˣǾֱȥ
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Ƿʺӵ۳
漴һġ
֮Աȥ֣±ǷʺڴֲĽ۽˳жʲô
һţһ߳˵۶ܻؾҪлɩˣ۶ͷɩ˽Ҵعǣǲټ鷳ɩˡ
ʺ˫Ŀ֮дЦ⣬ҡҡͷǻ۶ľĸѲ㻹ıԻ۶𣿡
Ŵδһʡ
Ȼ˵һ仰˵̬ȣѾ˵뷨ˡ
ʺ״֮бҲЩΣðɣҲ֪ĸŮֱ˿һ£Ƿǳˣͽ۶ȥɡ
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404 ¶

ʺ⻰˿
ʺ˵ܹ˵ްģֻҪ۴˹һȻͲʲôˡ
ʺڽ˵֮󣬵ųͷԸ˹Ůȥƫ۴
ʱŮ۹ˡ
ĸף
ųۼΪϲüҲ˲÷ʺڸǰˣֱӾͳųǱ˹ȥ
ҲһķӦĸŮ§һ𣬹˺һû˵һ仰
ʺĸŮӣЦȴǸˡ
ĸŮ
źð
ԽĸŮĸŮ֪ǼʲôǲŻʹ࣬
˺һʺŴĸŮ˵ط꣺δƭɣ۶ⲻǺúõģ
µش˺ü飬ȷȷʵûκεĲס
ŷ
ͬʱ־úɻ
뷨ʺԼĸŮӦǺ֮ǲǣʺ֮侮ʯǳþȣƫƫʺȻʱĴӰַ˳
⡭
Ϊʲô
һʱ벻ס
ãԼʲôҪ£Ҳ֪ΪʲôͷѾ̽˸ͷƫƫûץס
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Ƿİɣλ۶عʥҲǵͷģʱҲǿ˻۶ˣʥ϶Ի۶Щأʱ򰡣һ˵ġʺ

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ĵֳλֳƢԣҲЩ˽ģΪһ֮ĵۿɴΪԼʲôȻҲΪԼĴ
ڣʺȴ˵ĵۻ
Ź֡
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ЩأȴһСʱͨͨģﻹԶ׼˷ܣȻڷʺ˵ľĵ۵Ĳ֪ʲôģңΪʮ˷⡣
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⻹Ǻ£
Ϊ۵ķӦҲԷһЩ
ţǺ»ǻ£ǳ˹ͿԺúˡ
ԣһŷʺ󣺡ǾͶлֺͻɩˣ۶òҪȴȥú˵˵֪ɩ
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ۣ˫Ŀ˷ͷ
һУֻſۻعĳûз֡
б䣬û˵ȥ۾һ·˹š
ֱϹȷû׷ϣķ

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ۼ״ЦŵĸףͱϹˣҸ˵Σк¶
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ڰֵʱ۾ͲһҪƷˣϾûз裬뿪˰Ļּˣ֪һĺϢܿͽڰǴµʹ඼׵һߣǱø
ƶȴҲɵú۶ĸ˵˵ʲô¶
ΪٵԷʺΣˣҲ
ãʺĸı䣬ΪĻ־˻۶
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ҲҲˡ
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˵⻰ʱϴѹסЦݡ
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ЦˣҲˣҲûһҪ׷ˡ
ܿҲܻعˣʱȻҲ֪ˡ
һ·ʻ˹ڹĶͣ
һլ
۶ڰĵطôãҪҪȻԺһϢˣٺú˵
ᵽ֣֡Ѿ뿪ˣеӰڣʶľͶһ¡
ץ˳֣ЩٵصĸףѾϢˣϢˣǿȥԺ˵ɡ
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405 Χ

ȻۻеļЩ⣬̫ԼˣҲûٶʣǣ۵֣һԺ
ˣ۶ɲٸĸ˰ɣ۰ԵĵƵǰЦŵ
صϤĵط۵ҲǰǵŶ׵һȥȫ
ٴ£ģĸףҿûƭΰǺ¶ʵ۾˾˿϶ǾʱίˣϾҪּΪأ
˵֣۵оͿųˡ
ԭΪ֪֮󣬳Ϊе˵ģϾǰδйģҲʾĵ۶ĸŮĿزǡ
ǡ
û뵽ǣ۵Ļûκһϲɫ෴һʱͱɷףʲôΪµһ㡣
۱ȥֽһ£ͣԼ׵£뿪˾֮ŷģڰ˵һ֪Ȼǲ֪Щġ
ǡ
۲֪֪
֪ʺԲ÷ȥףҲΪ֪ŻȥǸɢҥԣԸ׵´˾֪ģⲻΪ˱ʺ
ԭΪԼɿڣʺҲʲô֮ժȥˡ
Ϊˣܵһġ
ʺŮȥٰ֣ĸŮҲҪ÷ʺ󳢳ĸŮ뵽ʲôĸо
֪ʺ⼸춼Ҫ˵ΪʧҲ˸ˡ
ԭţε÷ʺʵ˲òź
ôҲû뵽£ȻŮմϹϵ
ʺѾ춼빬ģʲôͻȻ͸أ
Ĺؼʱ̣κһŮӣ롰ֳϹϵǶǼΪΣյģ
۸ܲΣգôܸܲأ
ų⸱ܵ˾ŵӣڸּ֮Ϊ⣬ĸףôˣҾҪˣѵ𣿡
һ˵ŻһԼΪ˹֮ж⣬ֻ۾Цгһ졣
չǴûģ
ٹ⣬ˡ
һ˲䣬۱жмĻʵ۾˾ˡ
ı飬һ仰Ҳ˵۾;ЩˣĸףôˣҪˣһ
Ļû˵꣬ͱˡ
ˣһȡ
֮ǰǲ˵ֿ־֮ѹ˵ò׻ˣﶼһӵŭ
ô£ǰδʱΪֲֻ᣿ɫΪ¡
۱⸱ģŵˡ
ϴγƵʱɫûѿ
۾ãƺʲô֪ĻڷƫƫԴȴȫ֪飬ĸоǷǳ˻ֵ̿ġ
ԣԳʣ۲Ҳҵ飬æĸףǾĸǷʺ˵ҪĸףȻظٸĸһϲģ
ʺ˵룬ҲûʲôȻҲӦˡ
ֻǳһ㣬Ȼ˹ٸĸ¶ѣܸĸһľϲʲôԵģ
ûιȥ
ϲ
ϲȫûеģһ㶼٣
͵վק۵ĸ첲ߣߣھߣ
ֻóһٶ·ֱק۵ײײģüζ㱻
ĸףʲôѽһ߿Ŀİǰߣһ̲סʵ
ʱֻž콫ߣǸйͣ
ٶ֮£˺ܿҲͳ˶š
߳ţŹԺһŵĳ˹
͵һ
Ժ£һų棬ǿ˾һ㣬񶼹˲ˣ֪ģˣΧסˣūҪȥȴЩ˱˻
ǰûй¡
ҲΪǴûģԺĹ²Żš
ʱ˵ˮ
۵˹ڣҲֻһӵʱѣѾ˽ΧˣĶ˵ޱȵѸˡ
ҲóһƬ
ֻǷʺô˷ӽ¸ԲȥֻܲǷʺ˼
-

406 ʧ

ʺй֮ѳŻʹʮ꣬Ҳֻǻʳ֮Ȩѣ˻ʳǣǻʺֶҲֻĹŮѡ
񽫹ΧŵЩˣɲǷʺʹöġ
Ƿʺˡ
ǻ˭ˣԲ
Ļ֣ڻǲ
ʶһ㣬ʢģȴĺ
ۣôΪҪ˷ܣʱҲˣǹǺ˾˴󵨣Χˣ
ۿųֻϣܹʹһЩ˶ԶԶġ
ǣʧǣϴɥȴֻԭվһ»լ
ĸף⵽ô£۵֮ڻ̻
ʱﻹа˷ܺͼ
ҲãԼλؾƺǺ¡
ۣ˺һſЦҡҡͷ۶Ϊڣ㱻Ϊ˹ʲôҲ룬ʺĸŮֻǺ֮ǵģǰĵĽӰֽӳ֪ҪΪˣƽ͵ĳЦ
Ҳʼеĺ⡣
˵ЩҲȫûв֪Ϊֻ֮Ÿˣ֮£ﻹܿЩ֮
ֻĴҶѣǷʺ֪ЩǾĵ۵˼ôˣҲֻǿѹš
ǡ
ôĽأ
۹˺һǸ⣺ĸףô£
˵һ顣
꣬һĲţָԼıӣĸף˼ǣʵ۾˾˷ΪΪ˲ңΪȥĺף
ûڡ
ʱĳĬѾһִˡ
͵վףȥģҲȥҲȥҲˣ˭˭ȥɣ
⻰ȴûοۡ
Ҳף
ЩĸŮܹġ
ֻܽϣׯ̫ˣϣׯ̫ܹھĵʥּ֮ǰõϢֹĵּ
ҪȻ
*
糤ϣǰ㣬ׯ̫ȷʵھĵʥּ֮ǰ͵õϢ
ׯ̫Ҳǵȵ۳˹֮󣬲֪վѾؾˣҾЪҲ֪˳һ˹Ȼܿʹ۳û
ں˺üʮ꣬ׯ̫ЩѰȻżΪĴУǳ빬ȴׯ̫ɡ
һɣȻҲͻȥ
ׯ̫ȻѾ겻ˣҲеõֵģ֮·ʺôΣԽׯ̫ҵ˿
ׯ̫ɲ棬֪֮ķȥǣһûöҲͲµ˷ʺ㡣
һׯ̫ȻҲסˣȥ˾ĵ
ĵʱ׼ּ
Ѿˣ֮Ҳһֱţ֮öˣͣȻҲû谭ˡ
֪ׯ̫ĵ۵üͷ΢΢𣬵ܿҲչ
Ŵּ̫˵ͷ̫ཫʥּպãмת׼¡
ţׯ̫һ
ׯ̫ȻǾĵ۵ĸĵҲׯ̫Ϊ𾴣ׯ̫ȴΪִ֪磬ܺʱĵۣùͨȵĵӦ˲Żڣ¾ĵ۶˵ˣҲʼ˼֡
һΡ
ж۵ĵǣׯ̫ȴδȵĵ۵ĻӦˡ
ңǴּ̫סˡ
Щׯ̫¡
ׯ̫һȣǴּ̫ԭأһʱ֮䲻֪ҪǺãֻܻͷĵֱۣĵ˵ͷ˵һߺš
ׯ̫״˿
˼ʥµʲôּ⣿
ĵ۳Ĭ
Ȼھĵ۵ѾҪȥףҲı⣬ׯ̫棬ĵȴЩ˿ڡ
Ͼĵׯ̫ԳԼжô۰
ϴξĵּ۵ţҽ͵ȥׯֻ̫¾Ѿ϶һҪȥףׯֻ̫֪֮кַӦ
Ȼĵû˵ׯ̫һȴϵ³
ʱĳĬѾ˵ˡ
ׯ̫Ѿµпܷһ·ϣﻹǴŽңϣЩֻˣʵϾĵ۲ľ
ڿʧˡ
-

407 ŭ

ʥΪβ˵ׯ̫˲˺ü꣬ѵûв´ʥҪû۶ȥף
Ϊ̫ʧׯ̫뾰ĵ˵ʱû˴ǰĺתǴԲʡ
˵һߵĴּ̫Щŵáͨһ͹˵ϣֻ޲Լԭʧ
Ǿĵۻׯ̫ʱȻע⵽̫ࡣ
ׯ̫žĵۣһֻ̣оĵһˣϣĵܹһ񶨵Ļش𣬵ĵȴֻһֱĬš
ׯ̫Ϊŭ
һ䣬ׯ̫͵ת
ĵ۶Ѿˣׯ̫Ϊĵ۵ĸŹϡҲֻ˶ѣΪ룬Ȼʲôŵ㾢ģ֮£ﻹǵЩ
ҲΪûעţׯ̫Щͣתˣž;һתҪǾĵۼʱַסֻһ¾͵ˤڵء
˺һѣĸоŴׯ̫нȥ
վ֮ׯ̫ȴǼΪŭĽĵ۵һƣò
ǹڵϵĴּ̫ཫͷѹøˡ
ʹ֮У֪öɲʲô£仹̫ʥ֮䱬ĳͻҪǿԣ̫ĺ޲Լԭʧġ
Ҳ̫°ͶҪؿڵʱǰһϮȹڡ
ׯ̫󼸲̫ĸǰѹû˷Ӧʱ䣬̫౧˻ǸװʥּĽг˳
򿪺ӣʥּóٽǺűһ
һĶѸٵüֱһϡߡ
Ǵּ̫ྪˡ
뵽ׯ̫ϵľٶ
˵⴫ּ̫ˣǾĵۣҲû뵽ׯ̫ôһġ
°ɡĵ۵Ը
Ǵּ̫һ⻰ﻹͣƨľ˳ȥ
ʱׯ̫Ѿʥּˣȵʥּݿ꣬ׯ̫ؿڼţʥּһ£Ů㾹ȻҪȥĺףǵ֮أǻ۶ȥˣΪܻ˼ꣿʥҪ۶𣿡
ĵ۵ıõģĸȥѵ޵Ů͸ȥ𣿡
ׯ̫΢΢һ١
ܿ죬ʥϺͷʺţпȥף⼸շʺÿն빬˵ѲɾΪ㣿
ĵٴγĬˡ
ׯ̫״ҲŻˣʥϣҲֻͳӣһ֮ӵ£ȻðʲôһģҲֻаҺֶѣж۰۶ʥ㲻᲻֪Ҫû۶ȥףǲҪ˳İ𣿡
ĵ볤뵱ųãһСŵۣﵹҲ޶ݡ
ھĵ˵˭ȥףֻҪǷҲˣҪȻ֮ǰʺʱŲĬˡ
֮ԾҪȥףзʺƲҲΪܽһȷʵ˵˾ĵ۵Ŀ
ô˵ׯ̫Ǿĵصĸףׯ̫˵ĵȻܰ㷴ӦûС
Ǽϣׯ̫ʥϣҪ˳İҲҪ˰ҵİȻʥּû䣬¾˰ɣǻһȥڻ۶Ҿó޵ԶԶģҲòã
˵꣬ĵۻɿڣׯ̫֮˼УʶôҲûʲô£ֻһͻ۶£Ҳˡ
ҲûûˣǿһϣʶͲ˰ҵԸ𣿡
ׯ̫ĻԽ˵Խˡ
ĵׯ̫ӣЩׯ̫ҲȷʵǴĵ׵ľţʱׯ̫˵Ȼĺ̡
ĸ󡭡ĵ죬Ҫ˵Щʲô
⻰ſ˸ͷͱһˡ
ʥϡ
Ƿʺ
ʺһ̧ۣڡ
ʱ򣬷ʺû˸ĵۺׯ̫񣬾֮ſĵۣƽʥϣǰЩӾķȥĺ׵Ĵԣǳ˷ųġ
ЩԸոտʼھʱΪķʺѹû˵ȥĻˡ
ûȥ飬⴫˭ųģʺҲ
⼸պ׵˾ϣʺôˣȻҲܳ£һ飬ȻȻľͲ鵽˳ϡ
Ѿ˲²⣬ĳʵʺǰԷŭû
ԣ֪ׯ̫˾ĵʺҲˡ
-

408 

ŷʺׯ̫Ŀʱ絶
ׯ̫󲢲ʲô֮ҪȻӵ֮УҲܻסˡ
Щׯ̫뷽ʺȻάűϵĺʵԾϱ֮Ĺϵ㲻úãкܴԭ򣬾ڳ
һ㣬ׯ̫֪
ׯ̫Ҳ֪ԼѸߣ˵ʲôʱҪȥ³ȵˣʱģҲֻоĵۺͷʺˣԾβϲʺׯ̫ҲԸάĺֻϣʺܶݳ֡
Ϊĸףׯ̫ΪųҲȷʵ龫ˡ
ׯ̫ԭΪԼͶ֮ңʺȻҲ͸ñ֮ǰЩ굹Ҳȷʵల£ڣʺȻߥžĵۣȥףȴׯ̫ζ̵ˡ
ϣ㾹˹ׯ̫һ뷽ʺ˺۶ֻһӰְʲô㾹Ȼ
áĸµĻʺѾǼΪصָˡ
Ƿʺں󹬾Ӫ꣬Ҳõ˾ĵ۵ľأͲҪׯ̫Ͽɣֻ¾ׯ̫һλˡ
ϾТ졣
ĵȴšüͷдŲͬׯ̫󣺡ĸ󡭡
ׯ̫ȴǺ޺޵ص˾ĵۣλаĸ󣿡
ׯ̫ĵѾȫʺԻסˣξĵ֮Իּȥף˷ʺԻڡ
ĵٴγĬ
֪˵ʲôׯ̫ǲģһΪڸʺѣٽǻķŭйʺȥ
ʺҲòηׯ̫󣬵СТڣׯ̫㽫˵ʺҲֻš
ĵ֪ʺίˡ
򷽻ʺοʺ΢΢ЦҡҡͷʾԼ¡
ׯ̫ܿۺ֮Ļǿûľ÷ŭˡ
ϣЩҲˣǻ۶ȥĺףҶ㣡ׯ̫һֲΡΡָŷʺ
ׯ̫ãԼ˷ʺô꣬ڷʺȴׯ̫Լꡣ
ڴ֮ǰʺһֱõģڣȴˡ
ĸ󣡡ʺһۣһȥĺף
ᣬȴ͸һӼ
ׯ̫һ⻰øؿ˺üûֱʹȥ㣬㡭
ʺֱׯ̫󣬡ĸΪŮκ£飬Ҳ⣬ΪҵĶŮҲԻȥһУ
ׯ̫סˡ
Ҳ֪ʲô죬ȴʲôҲû˵
ǰʲôҶԲƽϣҵĶŮҾһҪۣʺ˵նģ㷢ʲôĸҲ᲻֪Сȣ㽫ˣжصĺ˵ĸҲõ
ûׯ̫˵ʲôʺֵҲͰˣͣף˴ȥǷҪȥףĸ˵ۣβ룬ǲҵķ
ĸŮ٣СͷҲŮ
ʺ˵ֻ꣬ׯ̫
ׯ̫촽qãȴһ仰˵
֪ʺĻȻֻᵽӺͷȴһ仰û˵ڣڳȴ֪ġ
Ǿǡ
ŮĵҲĶӣ
ׯ̫Ҳ֪˵ЩʲôֻĻʵ۶ӣҪˡ
ʺ˺һׯ̫˵ŵĸ󣬳˴ǷôĸȻҪҲ͵ҹ׵ʱˣҾã⻰۵ϣҲǺʵġ
ʧ٣Ǻܷ֮ȣҲΪ˾˹ˡ
˵󣬷ʺ󴽽΢΢
ׯֻ̫һת
ʺٿĵۣɫЩ롣
֪
һΣٲܻųˡ
ʱׯ̫ӳ֮𣬾ͽǳģׯ̫ûвӦġ
ׯ̫ãȻʼңȻ͸õõõģĸ׼Ȼ£ȻҲ͸ýҪһжŵС
ڣׯ̫ȴãŮϣǡ
ˡ
ֻϧֵ̫ˡ
-

409 ȡ

ׯ̫һӾ˺üꡣ
ǰãֻҪڣһܻóȫҲΪˣѾʮˣȴһ㣬ʲô¶һʱׯ̫ׯ̫ÿҲ泤е¶׵
ȴˣǳĸףȻԳȡ󣬿ɱˣȴһų
緽ʺ
ٱ硭
ĵۡ
ǳۣһΣҪΪյΪۡ
ʶֻǲתˣׯ̫Ҳĵۺͷʺһֻۣؿתǵȥ
ׯ̫ıӰĵ۵ֻĬ
ͬʺ˵뷼Ǿĵ۰ĶŮĶŮĵοܲŭأ
ʺʱŤͷĵۣԥһ󣬻ǵʥϣĸǺģȻ
ĵȴҡҡͷ
ĶŮܱƵģ˭ҪĶŮҪۣ
*
֮ºܿ˶ۡ
ھǵİǻţݣֱۺʮ꣬ȴҪȥǰ֮ʱʥϵһʥּȴѾõĺ֮³׵ĳ䶨
֮ŮۣΪǰĺס
ּ⡭
ֱ˾۾ɳˡ
ۻǸʱЩʲôǿǴ˾֪ģһû˵ˣȻ˸һҪȥĺף
ڴ֮ǰףǶãϧˡ
ڡ
֪׵˱ۣȴʶľãЩͬĵĿɺˡ
˵ʱЦǰϵģ˵˵ۣԣ˼Ǹˣ⸣ж಻ģŻðǾȻͬĵĿɺˣ
뵽̲סЦ
ĸ˰
һͷҪȥĺףʥּѾˣٲܻиı䣬㹻ĵˡ

ȥףҲͲǣˣȻҲеˡ
Ϣֻ֮࣬ҲôˣҲôˡ
֮һжõķ淢չ
ˣԸΪεص㿴ڵӣﻹаҹŮţҪǱɿˣƶû˸Ȣˡ
ԣһ㶼úߣԸ˸ʲôӣ׺ĸ׶ģҪûȢҲûϵҾڼʹš
˵Ťͷ躸磬˵ô
躸Ц⣬ͷá
ǼΪؿԸʾ
Ըӣ㬵صġ
ܽͽź㳳ֵģȴķһƬá
ʱź󣬺˵Цһһ˸ԵԺӡ
ܽͽҲ׼ݡ
׵öˣ͵³̹⼸վܶʥϵ˼ھǣڱ߹صκ˴κ̸ˡ˵΢΢ЦЦ
κȻͱȽҪ꣬Ҫ˵ھеĵλȴá֮㡱ˡ
սʱûʲôսĽŵģҪǳһ񣬻֪߹صսϻ˼ء
ٺ
Щھһ֦㣬澰ס˹ŵͬʱҲھ˼ߵΪ˾һս
˵ʼڽĴڣĵҵģô񣬾ĵۼɵͬʱţҪβиѡˡ
ҲΪˣЩĵ۶ǰ߹أζʲôǾĵۻǽԼʵġ
˵κǾĵ߹صһˣһλߵǸˣȥ꿪ʼڽ˸֡
ͣԶǼΪҪĴ£ܹ֮£ȻǼĹ͡
˵Ǿͳ˧ҲĴ˶ʮ꽻ǸˣҪ£Ӧֲǡ
ƫƫ
ĵȴʱ򽫽˾ǣ֮½κ
ܽšüͷʥѾȡˣ
Щ֮˸ߵĵλΪ޿ȡԣھ˵޿ȡģʱĵ۲ôȻҲࡣ
״ܽıʥ˼ѾˣҲ֮С
-

410 ߹

ϵˣǶɵģʥϾڼһҲס
һرһھˣһˣκһֻҲɵ֮ġ
ʷ϶ձȨ󶼲գΪô
佫ң׾飬ʷҲ˲٣ʷЩر佫ʲôĽҲͿ
ƽĶۣҲûҪһȥʲôԣϣľǱԭ״ల£û취ֹĵ۶ļɵҾĵ۵ҡ
ֹĵ۵ļɵҲܽԼһҵھĵ۵ʴϣҲֻԼ˴ˡ
ͻȻʵˣ߹𣿡
߹أ
ܽȻġ
뽪ʱѾ꽫һ֮ед궼ڱ߹صģΪķˣܽȻû߹ص
֪ܽ߹ǿຮ֮أտѵֱ̣˵лɳ죬ʵǸõطһΪࡣ
Լ뽪˵ˡ
Цȶ䵹ȷˣûлɳ죬𾩳ǵķȻѼģƲһ㣬߹رȾ࡭
߹彻磬Ȼ⽻֮Щ㣬ȻȻģ߹صĹҲͲƾࡣ
ڱ߹أŮӿɲóŶõǿԹߣڽͷҲǿԵģʲôֵ񣬸вŮӳ⣬һ̣䶫ҾһŮӡ
֮⣬߹صȻ⣬ҲԶȾǸˡ
Կһ޼ʵĲԭԿԶѩɽĵط˶ؿһЩ
Щϸϸܽ˵ˡ
ܽһ߾̾ţһҲЩʲôʱлᣬȥ߹߰
ܽ⻰ͷܽĶͷһ£֪ΪΣܽУȴǴŵ⡣
ˣгһգǱȥ߹᲻Թ˾ǵķʡ
ܽһ
֪Ϊλʳһܿ죬Ҳ뵽һܡ
̧ܽͷԴʵؿŽ񣬵õ˽ĵͷʾȷ
ĵ۶Խļɵܽζ֮µĸҲܿóˣҪȻܽҲھĵۡʺǰǰѾһˡ
Ҳǲ뾰ĵۺͷʺԼ֮ģΪȻǣϡ
һֱڸܽǵĽܽô룬ҲûҪν⿪ᡣ
ϾֻҪĵļɵҵΣҲͬõ
ԭ
Ǵ⡣
뿪ȥ߹أ⵹һð취ֻҪһһھǻڱ߹أܽԲ⡣
ǣԾĵ۶Խļɵνһֱڱ߹أ
ܽšüͷ
״ȴΪܽǲϲ߹صĻܽԴεصˣ֪׾ھǳҲھǣҪ뿪ʵЩΪ㣬ɡ
Ļû˵꣬ܽʳָϡ
ʲôأû˵⣬ֻ룬ȥ˱߹ҪöòȫӦѡܽ
ԣ˿
ܽڽĻǾǻǱ߹أֻҪһ˶һǼҡ
§ܽ
ңķʮ¹ң±һҡ
һܽͷǣ֮ȻĶ򣬵Ͼ漰㣬Ҫȫ̸ףֻ»Ҫһʱ䣬ʱ䡭ἫΪ̫ƽ
ڽжϣܽȻŵġ
̫ƽźðһ˵Żܽһߴ˸Ƿٹ躸Ҫˣ˵һǼҾҪأ
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416 ָ

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˳ǣֻ˻ֱ֣
Ըʹ˸ɫʾ躸ܽԼǰһˣֱݺݵĳ
кιɣܽص
һ˫ۻź죬ݺݵܽʱҪҧܽһ㡣
㣬㺦ҵĻ۶Ҫȥ׵ģָܽΪŭش
⸱ģҪǲ֪˿ˣָΪܽȥ׵ġ
ڳķŭܽȴǼΪƵᡣ
ųЦЦ˵ʲôΪİƽԼȥ׵ģԼȴҲǳȫİգ˵Ǵ֮ˣô˳ȴȥģ
챻ըˡ
ȴǣѾˣƫƫûа취ŭܽһ١
Ͼ
˵ܽ˵ĻǶԵġ
Ѳɣܵô˵棬Լ뷨
ǴǰǺԥľˣڣȴˡ
-

417 

ؿ۱һҩȥǲòۿ뿪ǣӴȥԼȫֵģЩó֪ĻĶŭж¡
֪ûа취ȥĻ֣еһǻŭԹޣҪȥܡ
Ҳʱ򣬳˴źֵܽ
ⲻܽͳ˳ʵйô
ܽ˸ŭͷָŶܽ̽ͷǰ۶Ϊ˼ҹȥ׵ģĴ壬ôͲԼŮȥأܽҲŮˣôô񶾣
ֻܽЩָĪġ
ۻȥףȻͽһѣǲҲΪԼ
ҪԼúõĴţʲô⣬ھͻǸĵ۰ŵĸܽͽôʹĵҲȥס
˵ףһжǳҵġ
ܽųҡҡͷ֪ûһ仰ɻ˵һԹ˭ͷȥأ
ܽ˵ãһڣǱȼըҩͰһ˲ըˡ
ס죡ŴҪ㵽ʺǰ˲ԣҵĻ۶ôȥףʱ򣬷ʺѾ
˵Ȼֹ
ôЩǵģʺ󵱳⣬޷ҲΪ÷Բȥף㣬ȴǲõ˵ġ
ƽĴڣǾĵΪ֤ԼǸֵˣҪǽʺΪ淼ѣͼΪĻ˳ȥ
λε˵ĵΪֻǼʣʵһ¾Ҫƽ
ʱȫµİգָȥĵ뷽ʺ
лȴ˵ȫˣֻԽ
ƫƫܽʱ򻹹̼
˵ʲôʱѾʲôܽʵ
㣡ŭΪҲ֪ڷʺǰ˵ʲôҪȻ۶ôȥףʲô¶ˣȻһ֣㻹𣿡
˵ЩѾ뿪ǣһ˵öټһεۣ
⸱ģڲ֪öͬء
ܽۿųıݣͻȻǰ
һ㶣漴͸߸̧֣ȻܽЩѵȴܽס
˵ûܽųЦЦȴûЦ⣬ȷ빬˻ʺŮ׵¡
ܽȻˣŭɶ
ܽⳤжŭ˵ǸӣˣҵҲǸӣ˭Ҷҵĺ֣Ǿͱĺݣ
ⷬҲֹżļѣԵЩƽȴ˺׵ľеļ
һ֣ΪеĳԻȥһеļ
ⷬضޱ𶯣ûе𶯣ֻޱȵķŭ
ΪŮΪܽļӶȥĺס
ܽǳޡ
ܽ⣬˳һۣԹң㵹ԹԼûаŮ̺ãҪԼôҾô˵ʺ£
˵꣬ܽΪؿ˳һۣź뿪
ȴԭء
ܽǸ񣬾һ֧һ㣬ġ
ܽʲô
ϾҪȥ׵ʥֳּµġ
ܽӣͷҲûصľ뿪ˡ
֮ЩֵʣĸףǰŭѵͲʧȥ֮¶ʲô𣿱˵ŭĵİǴ¥
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Ͼǰܽ뿪ʱûлعͷġ
£Ҫʲô˵ĵˡ
ܽЦЦ𿴳ƺŭÿԲһУʵѾûеˡ
۱ҩҿʱ뿪ֻܵȴܷʱֻܽһǻԹ޶۵ܽͷϵʱ
һˡ
ôʱ֦أ
ЩƶǶĵ˵ͷ
ܽЦŲ˻⣺ˣ֮󣬾ǿ˼ˣٹãҲҪˣҲúú׼ˡ
ܽϵЦݣҲĲȥ볤ˣǸܽһҪЩʲô׼
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418 Ը

ʹŴ뾩֮󣬾ƺһӾͱƽ
ٲǰľҡ·Ҳ֪ʲôǵ͵
ˣϺ˷ˣϺҲ֪ǲ˶ܵ˴˽Ϻ˹ȻӸʥϣѸߣҪλ
ϺȻȻĸ棬ʥϵȻûŵĵܿҲӦʡ
ǣŶʮͷ񣬾ʳ¯Ϻ
Ϣֻϡĸף˵ϺŶϺ˵ҪλǳԸ𣿡
ԸһԣƳһۣ㻹ٱһҲ֪Ըѽ
֮ԻƶΪϺˣ̥游Զںܶ෽ʵǲġ
˶̰ɫˣôȰҲ޼µģΪκ˵ĹȰıֺ
ˡ
׳ʱͽλӣԺ󲻹ʲôÿ˵ɫ
Ȼǲܵġ
ҲûԸԸɻˣҲԸģʵϾԼϵӰ
£ԸҲ֪˵ʲôˡ
Ƕܽ
ܽΪϺ֪ҪٲӣֻҲҪûˡ
λȣǵȻҪˡ
û˾λϺүϺĸףûǰôˣҲ̫
ûǾʲôûˡ
ϺҲǷֲ˼صˣȻҲͻˡ
ܽһ˵Ըͷϸ˼ãЩȻ
ĸף˵
ʳָָָ
ܽ˵ͷ
Ϻӽλ񣬳ʥϣֻ˭أ
ϺˣӦϺ̫ˣ֮ǰļΪŭ˾ĵ۵ģˣҲϺҲˡ
֮ǰ¶ϺģϺȫ֪飬ûκͬ˼Ҳ㹻þĵǨŭϺˡ
ϺֻҪǴ޿ɾҩȻҲ֪Լôˡ
ˣŻӵ°ɡ
Ըʱ躸Ǻǣλѣεǰ׼˸ˡ
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Ϻôһ£һŭ˾ĵۣɲһɽô
Ҳǹ۵ǲܱ֮ڿڵģĻֻƾϺЩ㹻ĵΪɣջϺĽȯˡ
֪ǣϺ֮ǲܾŤתĵ۶ĿϺֻ¾Ҫˡ
ȻˣЩҪĵ¡
ʱ䣬Ҳıƽˣܽͽ뺢һӹõҲڡ
ڵʱǹúܿ죬ƺҲһۣͽʼת۳躸BĻھҪˡ
ܽȻѾôЩˣҲǵһĴ£Ҫǣ⻹躸Ļ£ԵЩš
ϣѾˣܽһֱ߶ţҲ֪ʱжϲƣǸαֹ
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״ְܽļͷοˣļʱ䲻ǽһжǵˣҲ¶źһʲôģǾ͵Ŷϱžͺˡ
˵ܽǻõİ
ⲻǵһȢϱ𣿡ܽתһ룬ˣ˵Ҷôˣۼ躸ǲǸţ
뵽躸ҲпԼһţǱԼҪţܽ;ЩסˣվߣҪ躸̸̸ġ
Σһקסܽĸ첲ˣ㿴ʲôɫˣ躸ֻѾ˯ˣʱȥѰ˵ˣⲻǻҶ̸£ѵӦ׵ĳ棿
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ﶼЩˣˣҪǰѶԺǵķֳһ뵽ҵҲˡ
ܽһۡ
⻰˵ģ͸ȫһ
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뽪˵Ƹ¡
վǹӣʱ׼õƸҪһȥˣڵȥ֮ǰܽͽѾڿƸˣƸҲѾˣԲί躸δϱ
̲ܽסٺͽһ顣
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419 ͷ

ŽŲѵ֪ܽԼôȰ˵ܲţɴҲͲȰˣܽһ°Ƹһ顣
ܽԭǽǲģнţһεĽһĵһ飬Ҳƽ
ԼǰĽţܽʧЦ㿴оûȥãǾ͵Ҫŵˡ
⻰ĬĬܽһۡ
ʵϣܽ˵ȷʵʱ仹ûȥãʮȱʧȴҪΪӵҲȷʵΪˡ
ţ֣ܽ§˻
ܽЩ죬ܿҲ׽ʲôˣ˫ֻסڽϣһǳһʲôأôǶǵĺӣǲģǲ𣿡
ܽķǣҲ˵ʲôˡ
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ңҲţЯͷ龰ֻǵ֮УҲĳΪʵ
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һ˵һߴЦ
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ԸֻΪ躸̬ƽʱһȣܽȴͷˣ躸ĶʱҪƽʱҪһЩأ
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Ҳܽĸ׵ģԼϵκһ㲻Ѱʮע⣬ڵһʱ䷢躸ǵ쳣
躸ߵʱķӦǡ
أ
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420 

ܽܺ档
һܽȻͷЩεؿˣͻȻˣ
ܽԵûʲôҾǺ档
Ȼû躸˵Ҳ躸գ۾ֻ֤ĸ֮һСѽȻǲ˵ġ
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ȻҪ᲻ΪͻȻӴˡ
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һܽգգۣһ޹صˣҾã㻹ԼһԣٶЩʲôΪ᲻úߡ
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421 

ױȫ˽·ʰãǰһ׼Ҳ׵ˣֻŵڶʽӭס
ҹܽڴȴôҲ˯š
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ܽĽᣬֻԼܽ⿪
ԴˣҲЩεġ
Ͼ£ҲȷʵֻǸ⣬κ˵Ĺʧ
躸ǲԸ˵֪ҲͬһᣬͬҲֻԼܽ⿪Ҳ˵ˣǽתƿ
ô˻˯躸Ҳǽ𣿡ʡ
ֱҪشˡ
躸ϢʮֹɣƽʱϢģⶼѾҹ˻û˯ţǽʲô
Ҳû躸ӦЦȻӺԼ׵ǰϦýţҲʲô˵£ĸ׳ǰɱڽŶˡ
躸ԣ̲סɻ̧ͷ˽
Ȼܿó֮ܽĸƣǶãԼҸ׶ĸףֱǺԭĳá
ֻڽܽĹȴǴ֪ġ
Ƕ֪һʲôǵĸĸףҵķȫͬ顣
ڽ˵ЩҲ躸úˡ
躸ԺܸȤЦЦǶҺĸ׵ֻҲǺܺ𣿡
躸һ£˵ͷ
̥˵Ľ꽫һһҪӵŹŮ֪ж٣˼һֵ¶Ҫ׵˼Щ˶ԥľܾˡ
󣬽ܽ׵ʱ򣬿ò˶ġ
-

423 

һֱڣΪλȢˣǾһδ֮ء
躸ãţŻǰ⿪ˡ
𵱳Щ£ϵЦݱҲԵ࣬˶ΪҺĸ׵Ļ£ĸʲôʵֶıģǶ֪෴ĸ֮Խĸ׽ҵϣƤȥġ
躸Ǿȡ
û뵽ӽһķ
׮µԵɣ㣡
񿴳躸ľȣЩεЦ֪οĸ׵µģҲֻ˵Ŀѣҵĸ׾õġ
˵Щصĸҳ֮ǰûôţҪˣȴǽŵþ˯ˣҪ˵ȥ
躸˴û˵
Ϊʲô˵ģãʱ˵ʲô̼˽񣬶˵ʲô£Ϊǵı˳Ĭ
躸˵ļ磬躸һ֮Ҫ֮һʱţҲģֻҪ֪ҪʲôԺʲôҲη彫ˡ
躸˵ͷ
ֵҺĸ׵Ļ£Լȡģ֮ǰҾ֪Ҫĸ׹һԲοĸףǶһЯǰߣĻͬԼֵģȻѡ񣬾ͲҪκˣԼ𣿡
ס躸
Ȼ˵󣬵ȴǷǳ֣أɴҲͿԿóûнԼĻµǶϷ
躸ԭȷʵǷǳŵģҪȻҲһֱڶû˯ˣ˵ôõ£һȴҲĽƽ
躸˶ҲվˣѾˣ컹ҪҾȻȥˣϢɡ
躸ƿӣҪͽȴֹˡ
һˣףˡ
躸˶٣Ҳûм֡
˼ȴͻȻعͷЦſ躸żΪص躸һСܡ
躸ǾȵؿŽ񣬲֪Ҫ˵ʲô
ʵѹҸĸ׳׵ǰһҿɱ㻹Ҫźܶ࣬ѹһûۣҪʱӺã˵Ҫ˭֬µأ
躸Ȼ
뵽ͻȻ˵Լ¡
ʱֳ躸գգۣǸŶɲ˵
˵꣬躸˰֣Ȼ뿪
ʱŵ躸΢΢һԼ
ûֵǣԼʱ
ʶЦݡ
Īģ躸ԸȤʱ֮ܽ΢Ķգ۾¡
ʱ躸ܽղĸ֮һСܡ
ڣͽҲһ֮Сˡ
Ϊͷ躸ǽǰеĽŶ׵һߣ֪Ҳͳ˯һֱ˯ţ϶ǴŵЦġ
*
ڶ컹û
躸׵ĴϲӣĴϲ֣ϲĺѾСҲΪⳡ£ܽÿѣѻϵЦݣǴϲġ
ʱʱģϲȵ֦ͷУеͷҲŻϲ
ܽȻ첻ˡ
Ȼнİο֮ǰˣҲȷʵһҹĺߣǣңȻǲ˯̫ġ
ⲻܽ۾ֻãôһ˲˹˳ƽߵĽҲ
ˡֽܽ̽ʵˣ°Ͳ˲䣬ˣ磬˯һ
˵꣬۾Ҫ˯
ܽûûεĽһš躸׵Ĵӣ׵ľȻڻ˯ţ
ڡšͬʱܽšŽһŤ˰Ȧ
񣺡
ôɳӲԼҷһŤֻҲܲסġ
æܽıţ˺ˣ˲ҪΪ۲˯˲˯˰
ܽһ
һֺõؿôˣСصĻ˿𣿡
ʹ
ܽٴһɿԼ֡
-

424 

ܽһšж˯⣬Ҳָܵһ㶼ʣˣȻǻ˯ʲô˯
ǸϽ
˵ΪзȵʱˣϱӭŻῪʼæµҲǻ˵ˣзȢϱţôĵȵϱ˲ſʼæµأ
֮ܽŶûڣͿʼſ˻ûеһڹٴκ˶һ¸񣬿ûʲô©ģȵ˶꣬ҲͿʼˡ
ôǵһΰϲ£ǵһΰִģϯֻŽڳеĵλ估Ҿ죬Ͷⳡϲ硣
ԣȻżʱ磬ǰϲƵıȴľ½ˣҲԽı
ܽдŮ죬ԸȥԺдбѾСָܹ֮ܵҲ˾ְһжԵþ
ڼʱ֮ǰ躸ϱӭ˸
躸մһϲĵ˶ԵϲģȣԵøĲͬ
ڶ˵Ĺ֮£躸BãϲҲֵĿʼˡ
вûзʲôɿص飬ܽ˿
ʱվܽߣȻһж̲סЦĸףǴ׵ӣҪĸˣֲҪս̣ĵǽų
Ĳ˵˵ϲ磬Ѳɻ˭
ǰŻһңԴۺ֮󣬿ɶһֱβأﻹйء
˵ۺ뾩Ѿмˣ˵۵֮ĵĿɺҲΪӣ۵֮ڱ߹ֹֽں׵̸С
Щ̸Уκ֮½еġ
ȻˣЩܽһ˵ֻЩ֦ĩڵС°ˡ
뵽οĸףͰĺ÷ź˰ɣ£һ˳˳ģܺ϶ϱˣ
ܽĳĽȫ
ʵ֪Լ̫ˡ
ˣĸ֪ˣĸ׵Сްᰲοˡܽšš
һ֮󣬵ȵһڱͶ뿪ҲʼýһҲ¾۵һ
ۣ
Ըͬص
̥ҲǰдһĿˣȥģҲˡ
ԸˣܽЦеصȻת躸Щգգۣ躸ɵÿЩȥЪţɲϱȾˡ
ǿǵ躸飬нţȻıڶ࣬ȴҲû˷ǵҪȥֶ
Ȼһ˼֣躸BʲôֵˣB˻Ϊܣû֣˵ȻǺ¡
ܽһȤ躸ϻάӣȴı죬ֱܽ
躸ףȻҲͰլסܽ躸Լһ徻ԺӣҲ躸B·ˡ
ԸȤ躸أܽһ˵躸գ۾ѽ磬ɸϽŻȥɩɣҪɩһ˸úˡ
ģ޲躸ˡ
躸Ȼά򶨣ƽʱôȣҲֻһʮ꣬ǰôһֱǰأ
ǣЩǱƲͷҴҵףĸףȻԺˡ
˵꣬ҲԸ˵ֱת뿪ˡ
ߵԶ躸ԸЦЦҹɫﴫԶ躸챾ͱҪĲľͱøˡ
á
δȷʵǿڴġ
֮£ûã躸͵·
躸ףԺҲŮˣȻ֮ǰסԺֻмС˷ţܽҲԺﰲЩѾߵġ
ּܽöӺͶϱҪõˣȻҲҪˣϱ£Ž躸BԺӵģЩʵֵѾߡ
躸ԺӣѾǷ׷
躸˰֣Ѿ߶ϢˣŽҲ·
·ʱĸѾ߷ţ⼸Ѿ߲ǹģBѾߡ
ү
Ѿ
Ѿǵ֪躸ˣBһԧϷˮͱšͰ͵ġ
֮ǰ躸Ѿ·B˸ͷˣ˸ͷ֮ͻǰԺдˣBҲû̫š
ڲһˡ
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425 

BΪµӱرСǺԽӽҵʱ򣬾ĸֻ֣Ҫվ֮ڣҲŵû
Ӻϵ֮Բףö⽫ҪһBкܴһԭΪˡ
֮޶סڽӴ֮±ӦģȫµӣǸģֻ¶ǲܽȢ֮ȴֻԶԶţһ¡
ˣȢʲô
Ҳ֪һ㣬ӺϲŻнBҵ뷨
Ҫһ֮ǰǼҿ˳⣬BԼԸȥԣܳء
ڣԴӵ֮±֪֮BҪת˽Ӵ֮ʱҲǰˣҪȻӺܷBأ
뵽ЩBһԼ
ѩ˪ȥˮүϴB
ȻѾĴˣϰȴǰ׾ܰѵģŻǼΪСϰߵˣֻ¶Ҫ˵ʲôˡ
ѩͺ˪BĸѾеB˷Ըת˳ȥ
Ѿߺ캬̶һۣȴ˵һȥ
ΪB⣬ߵĴѾߣҲѽBýˣθҽ躸
ã躸ҲϣЩѾ߿Լͺ˵ԶԶģﵹҲ
ʱ˪ͺѩˮ
BһԼҪҪǰǷԸѾǷ躸ϴأͼ躸˷̣ѾԼϴ׵
躸һ֮󣬾;ԼBһ죬رø
Ͼ
ǵĶҹ
뵽ᷢʲôBšøˡ
ãŵǶȥɡ
ĸѾ߱ҲﲻڣֻѾߣûBӵķ£ʱB˵ɴһĸϽ¡
Ҳֻʣ躸B
˶ǰ˵ӣƽϰ߶߶һòϰߡ
˶֪ǳˣôϰߣҲÿʼϰԺԼķһ˴ʵ
躸뵽˿ǡЪţ
ҲΪţû˷ǵڹǽǣҪȻ躸ɰͰ͵ĻָᱻЦʲôء
Bԣԭͷġ
ǣͽţ躸仰뵽˵ĻԼǱ˿СӣȻҲ͸ýˣҪͷģȴҡͷ
ܿ죬BʶԼʲôĴæ˵ͷ
Bﶼ̲סˮ
ãԼ׾ϲأ
ϲҡҷĹâBУ˫ԵøˮҲ躸߾
㲻ýš躸ǰȴBԼߵĵطͣ
ǴһƷ躸ע⵽ˣBദʱһֱߵľ롣
վ֮躸ŵǳףԺ׽ˣ㡭ҡ
仰ħһ㣬BеĽͻࡣ
Ҳ㡣B
˵ο躸ģ˵ʵ
ڵ躸˵ʵ飬躸ȴѡҪ֮ĻԼͲ躸ˡ
ֻǡ
ûϰ߶ѡ
Bʳָһ𣬵ֻǡҪʱϰߡ
Щ˵꣬Bһ
˵ܹ˼ѾǷǳ׵ˡ
Ҫ֪ȥBÿ˵ĻҲ躸ࡣ
躸ԣ΢΢һȻ¶һЦЦݣҲʱࡣ
ܽƯĿʸǾ˶ϵģ躸ΪǵĺӣòȻҲǼΪڵģֻǰΪֻԼ˾Щ֮⣬Żʶĺò
ڣ躸ЦBһʱ֮侹ǶԼڽˡ
ֻá
ЦݣžģůһЦˡ
˺һBǻع
ʶԼǰЩʲôһ˲Ⱦ˺ϼЩǱĽƲһԡ
躸״ЦȴǸˡ
ͷûϵԺ󻹶ʱ䡣
ද˵黰󣬵Bһȴ֣ĵ黰Ҳ躸ʱ躸˵仰ˡ
-

426 

B򴽣ҲЦ
»ޣ˴֮ȻЩ裬ȴҲʼЩĬˡ
˾˶Էһ¾
Ͼ
ǵĶҹܾܲű˴ˣһҹɣ
躸˶̽BǱһ
BʶĻһ
ôǸ֣Ҳûн֮ڣôͽ躸ԼԶ˵⻹Ϊǰ⼸£һֱŬĸԼҪ躸һһӡ
ڣ躸ȴߵߵĵطЩ궼ûԵĵطBοһӾͽأ
ֻֽѾӵӣӸ˺ˡ
ҡBӣ˵һ
躸BǻֱӣȴûͣһȻû˴ˣ֮ľȴѾˡ
ƺֻҪ㶯һ£ͻԷһ㡣
BȻǲҶġ
ֱֱֻؿ躸ӣҪ躸ʲôҪȾһ㡣
躸ȻûзBĽš

ǼȻѾ˷ޣΣһҪ˷ġ
ԣ㷢Bжţ躸û˿֣أأBļͷ
Bһ
þеſԼûлƽ躸ֻӿûаܡ
ǡ
BĿˡ
£ţӣ
Ҳʱ躸
BСݣźµᶼҪˣҲʱ躸ֻǸƽӶѣûиһģЩ
ǳˣķҵķˡ躸֪㺦£ǿһϰ߶Է𣿡
BһӾͶűͷ
״躸ջԼBͷ֣ĻǣϢˣ
Bŵͷ
̧ͷ躸һۣ躸֮ǰַɿĽ˻ȻѵЬӣأڲ˹ȥ
·ļҾߣҴ͹ġ
Ҳ֪⻹⣬Bµŵ񻨴󴲵ĳߴ磬ͨĴ˵Ҫ˲٣ȵBŲ棬躸Ҳڴʱ֮ľ롭
ٻ˯ˡ
Ȼˡ
ǱͨĴҪ٣ǱȴıӴѽһһģһѹͲܸǵ¡
Ҫô죿
BЩˡ
ѾϺ躸ҪϲǺñӣֻһ͵Ⱦ˷纮ˡ
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躸Ц
ǰ躸֮ԻB£ΪBʲôһĸ飬Ϊ֪ҪBܳףֻBĴüΪѡ
ҲӺԸBڼңΪĸȥȥһ죬ֳҲԸչãأһԴB
躸ãBѾףΪʲôףδޣȴʵֻݣ躸Bθˡ
θУ躸ͲܷB䵽ǰѵľء
ԣŻһֱҪлԼ
BСĽԼƣôЩССίģ躸һξãӣʵҲͦȤġ
ıӺܺBϰѱƣܿ죬ǱӾ躸߶ѳһСɽˡ
ⱻӣ躸ʣӸңô죿
BĬ
ô죿
һ˯ˡ
ǡ
Բ˯ԼδôҹأѲɶҪ˯
һʱ֮䣬BͷҪˡ
躸״Ҳ̲ס͵Ц
BЦǲ̧ͷ躸Ȼû˵ѯ躸Цʲô
躸ǣűӵһǣ͵ؿBӦʱ򣬾ͽ¸ϣϸĵҴ˱ǡ
BŵһҶ۽躸躸ϳ˶仨Ƶġ
BѱӸǺˣ躸˿
ɵ
躸һ˿BȻҲûôˣһ˵Щˡ
ҲǳںĲŰѱӸģô˵Լɵأ
Bûע⵽ǰţȫҪȻôľòأ
躸B˼û˵һߣӣ汧һӳ˴ϡ
-

427 Ԫ

躸óⴲͬǴɫģBŵǴһBļױֻһԧϷˮһѡ
ⴲӣBһ˲ó졣
ã躸˵ûЩɵҪȻôûһӣǾԼһ˯أ
躸B߳ҲûٴȤǰѱ̺
˯ɡ
˵꣬躸۾ٲ˵ˡ
»֮ҹϲҪȼһҹģٺ躸ϣƺҲ˼ů
B躸ʱʵǺܽŵġ
ͷ躸Ĳȴǵһڼϸܵ˰ġ
˺һBųźѾ೤躸ЦЦҲ۾˯
»Сޡ
Է̤ĵһǺõġ
*
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ۿĿǺɫãһȻԼѾˡ
ͷͿԶ˯ڴ躸
ΣBٿ躸ȴûжٽ뺦ˡ
B˵Щġ
Ҳʱ躸Ҳˡ
Bʱһ躸Ҳ˶ݵãȻҲԼǳˣʶB߿˹
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˶еΣֶ֮ԼͬһЦ
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躸˵ͷ
ſʼ
ﴫŵBĸѾӣү
躸ӿٶȽѴãԼϴͺˣԺѾֻ÷һ˾ˡ
˵꣬躸ȥϴ
Ǳˮģֻˮˣ躸⡣
B򴽡
֪ΪΣЩССȸԾġ
躸֮ǰϳ˵ӻ÷͹ŲϲҲ躸߽᲻ˣBί
ڡ
躸ߵѾ߶ýȻҲܱ֤ԺʲôôѾӵBֵø˵ġ
BĸѾ߽
ͺһȥʰ̣˪ͺѩԺļСѾ߶ͭ衢ӣBϴ
Bϴϣ躸ҲʰԼ˳
躸Bʾһ¡
BΪ¸ϻҪȥԺܽͽ밲ԼأҪСС׼񣬿ɲܵˡ
Ȼ躸û˵ǣBȴһҲûϰľᵽ躸˼
Ѳɡ
ΪԼƽҲ˵
Bһ²ţһҪ躸ߡ
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ʱ򣬺ͺȴֹؿB
BЩɻ
ĸѾ߶Ͼѡģģͺ̲᲻֪Ҫȥʲôƫƫı֣ضʲôҪҪԼ˵
Bʶؿ躸
躸һп㡣
˵꣬ȥԺ
ͺ˿
B΢šüͷ£
ͺ̶һۣҪ˵ʲôȴֲ֪Ϊκһû˵һֱBüͷԽšԽǰBĶߵ˵Щʲô
꺬ĻBǵͨ죬Ȼֺܿɷס
춼Ѿѻ˵ˣ̱ҲٲҴţЩǵصӣ͹үûСһԪʱ򡭡
ԪŮ֮䣬»֮ҹ֮ȡԪĹأB躸ûԲֺԪ
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һžǵĸĸ񣬿֪ģBԺкӹ
BҲ𴽡
ûд飬ȻҲͲ֪ҪȥӦԡ
ڳ֮ǰڶ֮£Ȼ£ȴҲö⣬κҲҪȥȥģ躸ľ⣬˵Ҫ˴ʱȥϰߵĻB֮࣬ȻҲϽЩ
ڡ
Ҫô죿
BԾֽšýġ
BĸѾߣʱûʲôõˣȥԺܽͽ񾴲һҲ˿鲻õģû뵽⣬BҲǴһǻߡ
ߵſڣԼòӵӣæúһ˿˳ȥ
-

428 

߳·B躸ңŵ߰ɡ
躸ͷBһʱͷ˿ֻһBһȾšӵϰߣ躸Щ⣬ȴʲôûʣֻ˵ͷBǰ͡Ժ
һ·ܳĬ
Ǳʲô˵ӣȻǷˣҲֻദһղʱ䣬˴֮ôĻ˵أ
һ·ǰУܿҲ͡Ժ⡣
͡ԺԺŻһξʱ躸վȵBŵõģûµġ
Bһ
֪躸ǿʲôڰοʲôҲûֻǵ˵һ䣬ô˵躸仰BҲľ
躸ǰBͷں˾һǰһĽ͡Ժ
͡ԺѾȻ֪躸ҪB裬СޣЦеԺﵹΪǵĵԵࡣ
ԸҲһʱͼ˳
磬ɩ
̥ͬص
˵꣬躸üŪ۵ġ
躸ƽʱûٱ̥ȤʱҲʲôBͲһˣȻԵͷ˭ܿõѸٵľȾһɫ
Ըǲִ֪ˣ֮ǰҲBӴȻӴʱ٣BҲǼΪ˽ģ֪BǸģϲǴȤҲԾ
磬ɩ׺ĸѾһˣǸϽɡԸС֡
Bһ̧ͷǳBЦЦ
ɩ׺ĸ׶Ǻܺദˣ㲻¡
⻰BǼΪͬ
Ȼ˵ǸˣBԼܽӴǼȴܽǸ׾ܸůˡ
ҪȻ
Ҳᱻܽǰ㻤ˡ
뵽Bĵ뺦£ࡣ
һڡ
ܽͽʱףźǶˣܽϱҲ¶Ц躸BBˡ
ܽԼĳƺBЩȣȴЩġ
ңBĳǶġ
BȻǵһγףҲ֪һ˼ϱĸﶥҲ͵õһĳĳϱĳƺΪܽҲΪ躸ϱأȴû뵽ܽһ׽еĳƺ
ܽ
֮ûƺB˾о֮⣬ҲǾһԼһ
ȻѾʮˣܽֵ껪
ĸˣҲһĸ
ЩͷܽB
ĹѾѾܽͽǰţ׼¶ʵĲˮ
¸ţҪϱġ
躸Bһۣһϡ
ףȲ衣
ĸףȲ衣
BȺϲ衣
ܽ躸ףֻи˵ģΪBأȻٸɴ಻Ľ˲Եĺһڡ
ΪţܽҲҪ¸ġ
һ⣬ܽǸһʱϵָһǰʱ֥ѡͷ档
ܽڸBء
Ȼܿ϶Լ뽪Bϱûκεȴһ֪һ㣬ͨļ񣬸Ȼͻ֪BϱһBҲͲᱻЩʹ˿ˡ
BȻҲܿóܽļжصģҲΪˣŸů
Ҳ˵ĸǸٻƲˣBܹܵܽİٰά
뵱һζδϣΪܵܽά
ԣBܽӹװͷĽУݸԺĺͺ̣Ȼܽ˸ϲصлĸס
˼BҲҪԼСӺС׼ļ񣬶ԼЬӡѡɰӵ
˼ܽŰ˰֣ˣôãҲ˰ɡ
ȻԸ˰š
һǶߡ
һ£͡סһĸףͻȻͻӣ
ԺԭõһԲԲ󣬴ǰһһŵпԣ˻ոպá
ȴ룬ԺӣȴͻһŸһЩԲ
ܽЦЦԭȵõþˣöˣµĿҲʲǣ
ֻһʣܽ˵Ҳûˡ
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429 

躸ȴ΢΢˶١
BԭҲûӵµµģһ֮ȴͻȻͶܽǼΪصĹġ
ЩܽͽȻλܽҡ
躸BܽԸ֮Bмոպþͻвλľš
Bﻹʲô˽أ

֪ܽϲ˽ӽ⻻ӣôڡ
BЩж
ãȫµļúܺá
ܽûBĸжһ㣬ЦЦBBȻŽţǰҲйӴģԺҲļˣھɲҪ
Bæͷ
һţյҲͦ
ţȥԺ鷿躸һԸҪɽѵܽһ£B·
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ǰԺʱΪ̬ܽȶܺƣBһʱ˻Ԫûнһصո¡
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ҲֻBĸѾ߶ѣʲôȻҲͿֱ˵ˡ
ҡҡͷӣһ϶û˹
Ѿ߶ǲ졣
B躸뿪֮Ѿˣ˹ԪҪô죬ҪB˵ϼ仰ǣйԪȴǸͲڡ
Ƿ˷Ը
Ѿֻܵóһˡ
Ҳ˵ͨȡԪ£ĸĸĻأ
ϾĸĸҲϣԼĶϱ
B֮ǰԺʱܽůЦݣ֪ģؾһɡ
ȻֱֻBá
⣬Ҳܽ⡣
ѹBĿڵǿʯͷῪˡ
һһǴȵĸӣ׻ʲôӣֱһ۾ܿõġ
˵ŮܹʲôӣȡǷ㹻ǿƣҵĵλΣҲȡķǲԸάȡĸܲܿ˳ۡ
ҵǣBȻҲǿƣ۰躸ҲԸάܽĸá
Ǻ˵¡
Bͷһ̧ͷ򼸸ѾߣûˣΪµˡ
Ѿ߶һۣӦǡ
ȻѾлЩɻ뵣ǣҲ֪ǵȻ٣ȴҲһſڿ֮ˣȻжϣǱȻɵģֻҪӵķԸȥˡ
BѾߵ֮ȴֳЩԥ֮ɫ
ܿ죬¸ֵļᶨ֮ɫͽԥѹȥ
һԸĸһ㡣

˵϶ֳ֮ɫ
BȻ׵֣ҲB躸֮󣬾ͱϾϸѡ˳׼ΪѾ߱Bġ
BB˻Կ࣬ĸѾֵ߲һ棬ҲBΪ˽⡣
˽Bܷ̺Bأ
ҲΪ˽⣬Ż˾ȡ
Ƕ֪Bϲ˽ϣദҪߵľģҲ⣬ԴӵBߣһֱ룬ӲԽһ
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BȻǿһЩ
ΪǵõBϿɣԸһЩ
Ȼǲܵġ
ңҲֻһ˿߽B֮ڣҵļλﶼԣȻΪԼ˻ҵļλﻹB׽һЩ
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ǶˣֻҪB¶κεĲʣǾ˻֮⡣
ú˶þȵǣǽӽһʱBȷʵһʱЩʵšüͷû˿Büչ
BȻܿóЩʲôȴʲôûн͡
ú˿һЩBһʱѪϸǹ֮ľ
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ȥЩ꣬Ϊ£Bһֱ߲Ҳ˿Լʱҵһ˶ϧ㱻ӹߣԶİݣBҲûԼʲôס
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430 ı

ڣBˣ뿪ϤңûüϤ
ҪǣˣһķҲкҰĹźͶΪƵССá
ʵľͬʱ˫γھܾĴ˵Ľӽأ
ǰңߵ˶BѪԵˣԲûǿBȥı䡣
ڡ
ⲻһ췢£BãԼҪı䡣
һֱı䣬ǣ°뱲ӣѲɾҪķšССһֱĿ
B
Ҳ룬׵ůļ˴˳Ϊļˡ
ڴ
ڴBѹ²ʣһϰ߱˵Ŀˡ
ϰˣʱͿߵ¼˵ˡ
ţBüָչһЩ
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Bĸı䣬ܽŵʱע⵽ˡ
ȻֻǸBһ㣬ʵ̫˿óܽǲȻҲͷˡ
ͷҲ΢΢һ
뵽BΪλĸı䡣
ܽȻڼBĸıģĲ˵BһֱԼǸΪȫ躸ָദ
ڶ躸B˽⣬ܽܲµǵĶ֮ҹǲԲģԣһҪȥȡԪʱܽҲûľͽѹ
ܽB
飬Ƿǵñ»֮ҹ躸ԲֻԼųô˷ǲˡ
ҲΪˣŻԪδȥȡ
ǣܹܽBȴһֱ⡣
Bһֱûиı䣬ΪһĸףܽҲǲԼĶȢϱֻΪ˾Զ֮ġ
ʱ
ܽȷᷢʲô
񣬼ȻBԼĸı䣬ǵȻٺòˡ
ܽü͵ĳB˵ͷǸ׺躸ԸδȵһɣBBǶǶˣѡüĵӡ
Bҡͷ
صĸףҲûء
ܽҲûȰ˵л
ŽʱЩ˵ԼĿָܽļ㣬ȴԹʱСܲŶ
Ȼ˵ŻܽҲûBBBŵ֮Ⱥúðѹ˽һһҲһµʱɡ
ܽеĵҷǰ㣬Ƽ֮ȨǰܽB̳ܽͦϱԼֵһЩء
˵Щ̫ˣB黹̫ʺϵ£ԹҲһ㲻Ϥȹʱٿɡ
Ҳ˵Ĺ򣬽ӽˡ
ܽҲ˵ʲôѾˮøϴ֣Ȼһš
һʱ躸Щɻؿ˿ߵB
Ȼ躸ϰ䣬ܽһҲȽϺʹȻˣʱBһЩ
Bǲ֪ԼֻССĸıѣôľͱܽ躸ˣ躸Щɻػ躸
躸״ҲֻΪǸɺϡ
Ҳǣ˵ǲϰ˿֮ڣBҲʱʱ˳ȥž룬֮ӦҲֻһŵľ룬ǰ㾫ȷɡ
躸롣
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ܿ죬ʱ͹ȥˣҲBŵӡ
ܽ׼˺ܶĻ񣬸еһеģǱ˼ҲеģҲ׼ˡ
ţⱾϱ˿ԼŮ˼ҹúòõģĶĳ̶ȣǲ¸ĴԼڷӵĳ̶ȵġ
ܽȻΪϵΪ˶ġ
֮躸Bܽ
ܽˣĿBϣȥҲüŻ֮ǰظҲˣ㸸ĸܵ㣬˵˵һһȥĸҲý˾˾ĸúÿ㡭
躸B˵ͷ
ܽʱ䲻ˣҲû࣬˰֣ˣˣҪǻص׼Ҿ͸żˣǸϽŰɡ
躸B뿪˹
С뿪֮󣬽ҲԸȥԺ
ܽЦеصĸףҾôɩĸĸ׿˴ɩ֮һٵģ
ܽЦɵѾͷŮҳ˼ޣĸܷŵģȻʱҪŵġ
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431

ȴҡͷĸף˵Ĳԣ
ԣܽɻ
ϸ룬Ҳûﲻԡ
ϾԼΪĸ׵ıгһˣķͽϸѡѡģۿԷãֻҲȫǡ
ԼŮԼƤӵ³ţֻܽһˣĸ׵ô᲻أ
ıģܽԼ̬BĸĸҲһĲǡ
ڿ
Ŀ
ȻһСĸ׵ģܽϴ̬ô˵ġ
ʱȴǳܽգգ۾εЦĸףɩĸĸᵣΪǼҹòãɩջ֮ĸɫã˵һ˵⼸ĸδģ֪ĸǸţԺһƴɩģȻͲٵˣ
˵꣬ܽĸ첲ҡҡ
ôôһ䣬ȴΪܽƨ
ܽСˣǵĹ˹СıǼ⣬Ѿͷ֪ŷĶĸ׿ġ
һĸףɲҵ˼˵ĶĻأⶺġ
ȻҲһҪܽ˵ڣҲΪġ
B޽ҲֻôնѣʹˣܽBİݣҲǿġ
뵽ܽ治صĸףɩĸˡ
δޣҲ֪׵ĸܷϺӣܴĳ̶ȶȡһʲôĸġ
ǲBBҲûʲôϲԾãҪܽĿݴȵĸֻ³֮üΪѡ
ܽԭֻ˵Цģ˵⵽֮⣬ȴǴĽһˡ
ɩڽҹúãΪԸܽʣ˵ǾһŮӳ֮ĸòദ;ӹúòã
ϸ룬ȷʵ뷨Ҳ͵˵ͷ
ܽȴЦҡͷ뷨Ҳ˵Ǵ޵ŮܹܲúãĸҲҪҵԼķ̬ȣҪģȴҪԼ
Щɻؿܽ
ܽҵƣҵķϣεĸҲǲΪϱģܵ˷໤ĸԶϱŶӵ̬ȣѵʱҲҪһģûЩŮ㹻ĳǸֶΣĸѲ飬ֻԼҲԹϺˡ
Ůӣھǵĸźլ֮ов١
Ǻӣܽ룬ָЩӣԶ̫ˣɣ
ϸ룬Ȼ϶ص˵ͷ
Զ̫Ѿˣһ㲻׳ţЩСҲûжٻ棬żһЩȽشĳϣǻġ
ȥڰ󳤹ʮٵϼһ档
ӡУȻѸߣӹǿŻΪʣ껪٣ܴϿһ֮ĵݵȣڿЩСʱ򣬸ǼΪºʹȰǺٵֻһøеˡ
뵽Щɻ
ĸʱᵽԶ̫ˣѲɡ
λ̫ˣʲô⣿
ܽԶ̫ˣ˵Ҳһˡ
֮дż֮⡣
ϵĹ֪⣬ֻ֣ͻ뵽һλļˣʵϣϵȴǼΪңǴ֪ԼҪʲô
ϵҵھҲǼΪԺյģĸһȹٰڸθҲμΪԺյʱѾԶס
ԶŵȻͣʱμ֮ԺȴǳԶģ˵Լ˵ʱӵԪ׮¡
ΪҶ׮£ʱԶͲûŵƽʵĺףһˡ
ɴˣҲͿɼʱμжԺˡ
þ
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һʧȥ˶ټǵȳû֮ˣμһżٶȰ
һԶĻ£ȻҲ
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432

Զ֮ԻΪԶ׮¶裬Ϊ׮֮еõ㹻ĺôõϵĸ׵Я
뵽ǶˣԶûüܵ׮´洦أ˶ǣˡ
νǽƣϵĸ׵ˣ侮ʯμһţʱԶΪμҵףҵĶŮûгףҲ㹻Ǹܵ㹻ѹˡ
ԣʱԶҪٻġ
Զ˵ԼǱ壬ܲΪһûŵĶϱôΪаɣ
Զ˶ûü˻飬Ͼһ
ʱμǴýʱԶڣμ˵һЩģԶͷβû֣ԶڳҲЩλģһЩ˻ῴ׵Ĺϵҳ֣߾ҲһЩء
ЩڱѾʱҪŲסμ˵ǼΪҪġ
ԣǾԶʱٻġ
ѡ̫ǧж
ʱʥϻȵۣȵȻĳЩЩѶϣȴǸʮʮТӡ
ȵŷТ˳ÿ̫ǧ֮ǰȵ۶ֳΪ̫ķ¹ϣ÷̫󼸷֡
ȵȥͷ𾭵˾ԶǰʱϳԶ棬ֱӱԼĲ
ΣֻһֵˣȻҲͽȵȥͷ𾭵˸
ô˵棬ûԶ˸ı⣬ֱӽԶûü˵Ҫ˻Ļ˵˳ɫƽķºݻԶ˿˼ЩĽ飬ѡʱ˻飬תǰȥõŹģֱԾڹ֮⡣
Զ˵ʱˡ
̫ǧΪҪ˻£ֻԶһҪȵ۵ŭġ
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ұǶ׵ģڶˣֻʱ䵽˾ͳףϵĸһҲ£μһܣԶŤͷҪ޹ף²˵Զûеġ
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ڣ黹ûˣǾͱķʽƤͲһˡ
Ҫǣ̫ǧӣǵʥϸǰصĴ̫淢һУҪԶܽϸôԶ˻󲻳
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ܽ΢΢һЦԲ˵ֻҪǸֶιãһܹԼӡ
ϾǱԶ׮µġ
ʱμ˱ͳŵüΪֻҪٷκһĿѣ˵Щ˾ҪٳŲȥμҲͻٲˡ
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ˣϵ飬ҲǵҪ׮ˡ
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Զ˶ǼΪʹ޵ģһǽŵŮˣôԵϲأ
šҵκһˣûκһϲɴ˿޽ԶʱĴжѡ
ļ֮УϻǼμе񣬵֮׽Լľء
о˶٣żļֻҲֻԼ֪ˡ
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433 ˼

ܽĽ˼ص˵ͷ
ܽ˶Ů롮ĻǸĴմ˱߱ǲãʵȴǣźլ֮УûĻǸŮӣֻľͱ˴ѹ̧ͷˣ޵ûĻֶΣʲôĽҲ˰ɣ
뵽ޣһݡ
ĻгǸⲢʲô£Բã㲻һ㶼ᣬٵñ֤˲ϢľƵ㡣ܽ
˺һŵĸףˡ
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ܽḧ˸ķ˿
鵥κȥˣĻֶΣǺ£Ҳǻ£ͱ統ǸҪ̫̫űˣôᱻôƭأ
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ǰܽ˵Բãܲᡣ
ʱֵĸףԺһŬѧµģ
ܽЦЦ
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ţܽҲBŵΡ
Bܽž⣺ĸ׵ĻҸĸ׼ңܷġ
ֻ⡰ġ֣˵һˡ
ܽЦЦ׼Һ׼ĸľͺˣˣһֻҲ˰ɣˣȥɡ
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BܿóЩѾӶԼĹװġ
ŽնѣƾʲôЩѾӶԼ㹧أ
B֪ƾ躸̬ܽȡ
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434 ӽ

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Ȼ躸ԼԶֻӡ
Bһʱᵽ躸˼躸˵ʲôֻϣͬʱ躸Ҳû飬֮мϡ
ˣһξ룬ͬһ顣
̬ڣһЩֵģ躸Bȴûоù졣
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˶֪ǶŬ֮Ĺϵø׽B߳һ躸Ҳͬ߳һ
ˣǾøˡ
躸޳ָҳ֮ϣһ˵˼ơ
躸˵BĪľЩ졣
֪躸˵Ĳ̲ס
躸۽ǵ⿴BĶҲɶ˵Ц⣬Ϊ˲Bѿȴǲûж˵ʲôB˼ơ
ȵһƽ꣬˶˿
躸վɫЩˣҲϢɡ
B˵ͷ
һŴ˹ȥ躸Ȼȵȴûмƿȥõ˴ͷ
BٶѵЬӺ£ŲڲɺãȻ躸
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ѾǶ֮ҹˣȻҲ᳹ҹŵƣ躸ͷϵķƵĵȡ£һһƬڰ֮С
ãһֱƽɵƶδһ£ȥѾ˯˵BὫͷתࡣ
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ȻĪģϰյ
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ȴһֱԲȢϱѲΪ˹ŵ
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Բ
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ΪǸɡ
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Դϴڽ˱֮ܽôûԶҲ֪ô˻Զڶǡ
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Զ˵ǵʮ㡣
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438 

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439 

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躸Ը֮ǰ֮˵ˡ

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447 Ϸ

Ҫǣڸ֮УҲһԻžĵ۵ˡ
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448 

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450 ˵

Զһ˫ŮŽŽ֮ıõ£Ҳ֪ΪΣйĪĲ

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451 ֪

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452 

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454 

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456 ѡ

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459 

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ƽʱϸɴͽ毾ԼԺ᷿ϵĻ˵ϾҪˣĸ᲻ڸǰա
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Ļ˵ʲôýı⣬ǻߣһﵽеͲܴﻹ˵һ
Զ˺ð죬Ҳֻһ仰ҡͻȻеҪ죬ȻԺ￴
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ʵϣԶ֣˲ˣ෴һøЩˣǲִõﻵ˴ҵء
ԣԶıӰ׵ʧֻǶһۣȻͼΪĬ¶ЦݣٽתϺͳ˵ϣû˰˵ˡ
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ΪĸףŮúãⱾİοˡ
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ܽԭŽòԼһֱ˵ģܿͷֻ֣ǲˡ
ΪϲƵĿˣĶࡣ
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̲ܽס˸ˣ۰
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465 

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ǴϲӣֺαȥЩأ
ڲֵĹһ죬һ춼˲һ˹
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Ȼҡͷǵıɲûµӡ
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ܽ˵⼸ڳ̼ҷ¡
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ˣǲ֪ǳ̼ҵĶ˱ǹˣɻûСӳѩ
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466 

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׼ȷ˵ڼӳѩ֮ǰһֱܸˡ
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ϵ毱һŮԳ毵Ĺģһ㶼ȶԳ٣ò׳˳ĳˣӳѩȴڵڶվֹˣ뵽ʲôõ¡
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467 ֪

֪ϻǿܽϣò˵ĻӳѩҲǼΪ̹ġ
΢΢ǷǷˣҲֻҼҷ˵ķԸˡ
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ӳѩʱȻǰҵǸˣʱϾѾ̵˶ǲȥǲκεĹ˼ɣЯһ棬˳
ӳѩȻóһõĺϵüͷš
ʵɲϲķȥ롣
ӳѩ˶ѾˣȻʲôӣˣǰձٷ˵ļױ֮ǰӳ̼Ҷүٷ׼ļױҳġ
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ϵĵһӦǣܽǲҪΪ¶ų̼ҷѣϾֶ֮ܽǰϺͳ毵ĻܳɣҲΪܽڱš
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468 

׾ûô棬ڶŮڸȻ׽ڳףĽڴġ
Ȼˣ毴ڳϵߣҲûܹίȱٳĹذԳҲֻĽڴˡ
ϱʹС¬ϣȴҲǲԸ˳毵ڴġ
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469 

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470 ֳ

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С¬֪Լԩģ֪ԭݺ毵ģ֪ĳϣȫûб֣С¬֪ˡ
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ѾߵĻȻǵ˻Ȼѡ
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478 

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ԸһƫƺҪɽµԵ躸һʶľֳԸһѡ
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479 Ȼ

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480 ı

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ܽЩüͷšýġ
߹أǽս˶ʮصĵطλؾ֮󣬾ĵ۲ûдر߹󣬻κȥ͵Ҳκȥ˵ģʣκȥժӵġ
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κѡʱ佫깱ǰͽʲô
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ԣһḧܽıһߵκǱʥмӵˣˣʥҲὫ߹ˡ
ǰЩ꣬һֱڱ߹أκôҲǻᱻѹһͷģȥ˱߹ؼ꣬κһֱûųʲô
ڲһˡ
궼ھǣû˽ѹţκֽ˾͵£ҲһЩɼˣ԰һ£Ҳ¡
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ɴ˱Կóĵκˡ
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494 

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ȻָǺĻѩܽСʱÿζ˴ѩĸ׶Һ͸紩úʵʵģȻҺ͸ȥѩˣĸ˵ڹʱĸϲ;˾ˣ
ȻЩ꣬ܽûеõԸ׵۰ϸĺǻţҲȷʵʲôȱʧġ
ԣ躸üûһѹѩأѩնữҪһҲһѩ棿
ֻܽԼһһѩĳǾͲɵ΢΢
ƫͷŽй⡣
ðܽ
ҲһЦݡ
Ǳ˴֮Ȼȱʧʮʱ䣬ǿԽǰȱʧһУֲ
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Ҫ빬ʱҪƷױܽҲûӳ᰸ʲô̫ӵķʽֻýһͷڷһ٣ͷ涼ûдһ
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һΣԹĶϱ빬ģʱ򻹲֪ᱻ޵Ŀ⿴ǳʲôӣܽ˲⣬BҲضǻᱻ˳Цġ
BòײűǰһЩˣܽɲԸΪ˱˵볰Цȥ
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ܽB֣BBҲ̫ģϦĹǶһģ㵽ʱֻܸҾˡ
ܽʵҲôģֻýĻǻύѡ
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λҦǫķϣһƷˣܹ빬磬ҲֻܽԶԶλϣͲлӴB
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ȵܽBʢװãĸ׺ʹɩĿĸףɩǽÿ
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ܽ˵ǰ㣬һ˲ûбֿܽͽͬһϯ躸BһϯԸһϯ
ʱɫ磬͵ȻѾˣſ绹кһʱ䡣
Щˣû磬ʥϺͷʺԼλûȻȥǰϵĳʳ
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ԸļΪڵȡŵĺɰӺɰȡһģѸȥ֮󣬲ſǳһ
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ǰҲûвμӹϦ磬ʱûָţ˹ֻžأ뵽ǰںɰﱸϼĵأ
ţʰԼ֮ԽԸļ磬һϯܽЦЦ
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495 ͵Ц

ܽЩ磬ϯã˹ӵĳ֮
ѾϯİٹټҾ춼ɽ꣬󣬾ĵۡׯ̫󡢷ʺԼλȺ
ÿһι磬۴ûб¹㣬ȥĺףȻǲ⹬ˡ
Ϊ꽫ĵۺͷʺɫãׯ̫ȴҪࡣ
Ϊ̫ׯ̫ǰȻǱüõģȻѾϡ˪ȴǲֻ࣬Ҫ߽ѷЩ˿
ڡ
Ǹһξ룬ܽҲܿׯ̫ǻ׵ͷ
ׯ̫ôĸı䣬Կ㣬ȥף¶ׯ̫˵ǶصĴ
ܽȻׯ̫󣬵ҲûôֱǳǶʱ䳯ׯ̫Ƴһ۶ѣҲô̶̵һ˲䣬ׯ̫ȴǼΪ׼ľסܽĿ⣬˾γһӡ
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ܽݣԼֳƢԣǲЩۡ
ׯ̫Ҳ֪һģĿؿܽҲ뿴ܽΪǰʧֻΪȷʵ޶ܽ
ܽһ㣬ֻЩЦ
ׯ̫λŮˣܽǾÿЦ
Ȼۻڵ³ܽͽȷʵһѣ˵ףɶԼġ
ǲĵλ᲻ׯ̫棬֮أ
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Ǳׯ̫ĵףֻ»όԼδӲùܽһⶼûС
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Ǿĵ۵ĸףҲΪصˣ˰ݣֻôأ
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ҲĹûʲôһģΪĵ۵ĴڣЩнŹеζȣʱʱĻھĵ˵ʱ򸽺͹άһֱ˶ٺ˼ղķ
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ջ֣ܽݺݵ˽һۡ
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Ըȴѹû˵ʲôֻרĳŶһϯϵĲʽ඼Ķӡ
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496 

ܽ߷ֱĿӸʱ⴫һ󼱴ٵĽŲ
ʱ͵ڱǼΪӵģôｻ໥̸ûѹסǽŲ֪Ųжˡ
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ܿ죬ͼһ˽ϺĶ˵ĶͷȴܳһͷĺˮɼҪжҪˡ
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ͨһڵأһſڵʥϣ߹ˡ
ΪϢЩȣĻ˵һ١
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ҲǾĵ۵۹Щ佫е˲ű͵㣬ĵҲֻڰѡߵģѡκҲͲˡ
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497 

ܽͷȴ΢΢һͻ
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498 ڴ

B΢΢һ
ȵ躸ܿ͸ĵĿʱƲס˲ȻҲԼıȥֻ޲ñһֻӼԼȫźá
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499 ƽ

ڶǴһ
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ܽعأҲûҪÿճ趨ʡ˼Ҫƽ躸BһֱкŴһţٵˡ
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500 

꣬ЩһֻֻСģСﱧһ룬Ÿĺ̬䡣
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ΪŮӣЩɰСϲҲġ
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ܽԣ΢΢һЦŵǺãԺÿĸ׶Ф׼ӣȵԺ˶ŮԸǵĺӡ
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ǴһһĿʼȻҪȥһġ
һ˲ŵ⣬ܽߣ֪Ϊվǲˡ
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502 ƻ

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ԣæĸףǸĻ䣬һܻǵģҲһԹܣ
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ԣܽȻҲĶˡ
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ӵǿһյƣյָָԼɷ˼䣬̯ҪյƵֻ˼һеյף̯ӹյƣݵԵӵһЦݡ
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һ̣ʹǵΧڽܽȴֻܿ˴˶ѡ
˺һ˲Žӡ
Ǽǰ߰ɣٹһǲҲûȥˣҪȻǶҪ֮ǰظˡܽ
Цҡͷ
ķ˰̫ںˣʱʱʱĶҪᵽǡ
-

505 


ҲֻЩζѣȴҲľܽںʲôԡ
Ͼܽĺӡ
ңҪǣܽˣȻҲܽһУ˵ۺӱͲʲôˡ
ʱվһ̯λǰ̯λϹŵĸʽƽʵĵƹϣҲ֪Ϊƹӳգе飬ʱݿƽʱҪࡣ
áǰߣ׼ȥɡ
ܽŽЦЦ˼ǣǰС
ǰߣεƻĵλˡ
һ̯λ̯λϹŵĶǹĻƣ󹬸ͳĻҲ̯λ̯һϹˡ
ĽȻ޲ʲôëģÿһֻƿŶΪɣлһֻӨ͸ƣ·Ǿʱ򣬶̲סֻ濴ϼۡ
˵ʺ˸һֻƣһֻ˰ɣû뵽ֻҲõƻܽ
͵ʱҪףΪʱҲֻзôһλĹгڱɿģʱİնΪҪȥĺˡ
Ȼ׵º䵽˱Ϊ˸ͷϣ¶ԷҲӰģԭʺǴ͸ѡģкһڣĻҲֻƳˡ
ֻƣǷʺΪ÷ˣ˽ġ
ȴ룬ǳ˵ƻϡ
ôĻƣΪ֣ͬȻЩ׬Ǯˣ̯λϵĻͬǿ͸ǵģֻҪõЩƣȴҲô׵ģҪһʫ̯ͬλϵһλʿǵõϿɣȻɽеĻƴߡ
һͨȻû˴ЩƵĿܡ
ƵǣľۼʱʱĻۼ䣬ÿһʱʫʿƷ֮󣬻ܴԼеĻƣֻź̾Ϣ
õ˻ƵģʫûеõϿɵģЩû뿪һֱ̯λǰ
ʵҲǿġ
˶֪̯λϵĻƶǴӹģ̯λҲǹĹˣλʿǺԺˣȻֻһƵ̯λЩδ;ҲһʥչʾԼŻĽݾ
ôǽûƵչʾԼĲŻǲдģ㹻ãпʥϵء
˻ᣬЩ˵ȻǲеģȻ
ҲΪˣ̯λǰԽԽˡ
УҲв֮һģ̯λǰǻ˲ٵĲӼˣֳΪͨһƬ羰ˡ
ô֮УҲвٿֻơ
Ͼֻȷʵ̫ˣӨĵΧڶƻ𣬱Ǿۼҹ֮еĹâһ㣬Ҫѡ
Ҫǡ
ЩƶǴӹģյƷΪڣ˵ʥģƾԼĲѧõյƣ˵ûᱻյƵһ
Ļ˵һ֮·ء
ˣܲЩʢǶأ
ֻյƵ˲٣̯λǰŵλʿʫģȴһûУյƲŻһֱû˴ߡ
ܽٿ˿յƣȷʵƯ
Ҳ֪յƻᱻʲô˴ߡܽҲǵ£ǰ߰ɣߵǰֵľͷԻһ·ߣǲԭ·ˡ
ԭ·أȻҲܶ࿴һЩ羰
ûġ
ԹΪֵĻ̯λǰ
мһΣǰ浹ûôˣ˺ܿҲ͵ܽ˵ֵľͷתһߡ
˻ûüת䣬˼Ϥɤ
ԼҺӵܽͽȻϲķԸ˵ﻹЩߣ
Ƿ˺£
Ըǰ֮ˣԸǰ˳竵ʱҲû˵£ܽͽȻִǵĴ
ɻѸٵķֿȺ˹ȥ
˱пֵıԣƻϵô࣬˷ִһȺ˽ִļΧм䣬ҪнڣֻƾܽԼҪȺ֮УֻЩѵġ
-

506 

ɾǺ˳ľͷֿȺȥֻԼֻܽƣûб
ȻˣֻܽԸǳʲô£ȻûעĻƻû
Ⱥ֮ܽͼһ˫Ů
ļӽԼҡҡ̼ҼҵĺһģΪ˽Ⲧ˽ӽʮǵİȫ
ڱȺΧסģȴֻԸߵĻҲֻˡ
̥󣬶ǵĶ棬ֻһһŮˡ
ӿͲڣõ˹˹ĵģߵŮӣʱĸԼĶӣһܵģ
ȻѴö࣬ŮӵĸҲûԵ¡𣬵̬ˡ
ܽüͷš
ѲɣԸ֮ײеŮӣ
㣬ǻǲռˡ
ΪܽͽǴԸ߹ģԸעҲڶϣǵûмʱܽͽĵ
ܽҪһ˫ŮŮӿˡ
СȻֶβף֪ԼҦҵţȽū澸еĺŪ𣿡Ůӵ
ŮȻߵһ𣬵ϸĻܷ֣ŮӵŴ綼ʲôӣЩ欵ģüۼ仹һ̬
˼Ӧеģ
˾ȻᵽݣᵽҦң˵ʲôҦҵţܽȻȻľ뵽֮ǰҦǫķϡ
Ҧҵˡ
ܽŭ
϶ܽб߲ѣڴҦҵĶǸʲô֮͸ˡ
һˣȻҲ޹ȥҦˣδҲ̫Щ
ڡ
ܽûв´ĻԸǶŮӦþҦҵĶӣԼǸеͨ˰ɡ
еͨ仨ƣͨ˵˵ƻϣô˵棬˵Щ֪νĻҦҵĶӣҲȻʲôõġ
ҪǣܽԼĵıƾʲôôϲ̨Ůָ
Ը֪ԼҵѾˣ˵Ůӣֻһǻŭ𶼲֪Ҫ﷢ȥ
˵˵ʲôԸŭǿɲʶǣ˭ҪҦҵˣ
Ǳ۾ˡ
ԸҲͬʱһ
ɶǴսģһȣȻȻľʹЩɱֱŵöǶŮ˺ü
ֻŮΧֵİǣҲ˼ΧȦҲһӾͱ˲١
ǶŮҲȷʵҦҵĹӣԼеͨ
˵һ㶼Ը㿴ţȴЩܲסһȻҲ˼֡
Ҧҹȥ⣬Ǹͨȴô׾ʹùĵˡ
Ҫ֪ȻҦҹͨƽʱҲ˶żͨȱģ£ܹͨУҪҩʱԵҦҹΪҪҪģɴ˾ͿԿóֶжˡ
ͨɲǸʡĵģԾҵ˽Σķӣô׾ȴأ
ԣʱĺ¹ȥ֮ͨ˷ǰԼĶӣӴˣ֪Сݸ߹󣬿ū澣Ҹеĺ޹ѽСľô𣿡
˵ͬʱϻһʹ֮ɫıŵöһ
ͨİܼóϷˣʱǱˣһʱ֮䵹в˳ָָġ
˵ǹС㣬ӣǹСδķеģӵѾߣ
Ĺϵͨ˵ʵЩӵġ
ͨƽʱӴЩԹլ£ò˻ӴȻЩ˷ܵġ
еĹϵʲôģŮ˵ǲģǴעˡ
Ҳֻ뿴ֶѡ
˻ˣȻؼ֮ǻúôһԼ쿴ʲôϷ
ԸȻ֪ҲΪ֪˲ŻԽԽļ
ԸȻǲóģܽһʱ£Ӧ»Ǵûйģһʱ֮ʲô÷ƾأ
˵Ҫǰ˸ߣŮһֱŶӺۣʱҪЩʲôֻ¾Ҫı˵ˡ
-

507 

˵ףҦҹͨҲֻŹĻĸЩʲôѣŶǿ⣬˷
ҦҵͨΪλᶢ
ԸȻǲ׵ģܽܲף
ϴʲô⣬Ҳܽͽ֪ѣǶ֪¡
ԭļƻǣȽչˣ͢¿ʼϳͻΪӣʼִļƻˣ뵽ҦҹӾȻǸеͨƣͨ
⣬Ȼܽͽ񶼲̵ġ
һ˫ŮȻô˸Ϊסˣܽͽһۣӵ׻Ǿ̫ˣҪȻҲΪѡ
ԸСǻеʱԼ
ܽǰһԼͽڻǣأæӽԼ֣ڽؿʱæֽԼֻ˽
ȻڽεĿע£ܽվһ˫Ůǰ
ԸΪأͼԼĸס
ǶʶҦҹӣ˵ǸеͨأͻȻôˣһԼ˵ʲôҪҦҵĻɽùǺ
˵ͨеĺӣֻûﵽһȥˡ
ԣܽжʱһ
ĸף
Ը
Ȼֻعͷ˽
ܽԴؿһ˫ŮһۣȻһӣԸǰ˵һߡ
Щſ˶ҦӺͨ
˶ûмܽʼȻǲ֪ܽݵģԸܽΪĸסȻҲ֪ܽ˭
Ȼû뵽ܽʱ֣ͨʶС
ԸǰֻǾԸὫôѣܽǰȴζҵġ
˭֪˾Ǹˣ
ĹСܻ˼⣬˿ɲᡣ
ܽûɫŵͨһֻۣ΢ۿҦҹӣҦҵĶӣ
ҦҹӱܽţֻԼϵһ㣬Ǳܽˣһҿ˵仰
ܽЦһҲҪشˡ
ǱûĻǷ˵ҵŮҪҦҵţ
ҦҹӺͨ϶һ
£ʵҦҹӵͨŶѡ
ϲǸܲصסģҪȻҲҦǫ˵λ֮󣬻ûȹİʹˡ
ֻҪһܣСȻҲͲֵǮˣʱ˿Ҫֻ½˶ոˣѹûԼĶӻȢ
ҲΪĵϲŻ黹ûɵʱ򣬾ͽ˵Ҧҹ
Ҧҹ֪֮֮˵Ǹ谮ͨ
ҦҹӿҪȢң£ôļͨҲûҪΪǾͲȢˣãļ֪ͨҲбʲôӦ
Ǹͨɲʲôʡ͵ĵƣòײУ˵ܸҽ֮ǰӣôһߵĸأ
ֻͨôҲֻҦҹǰѣùŮô죿
εԪƻ֣ͨȻҲģҦҹӵĶߥãŸеĺ˵£˵ҦҹӴţȴԸ
ҦҹʵʶԸּԸòƣ£ȻҲ͸ϳݡ
ԼĲ²˵ߵͨԭûԸʲôͻģȴͨ˱˼ײ˹ȥ֮ŶӺۣ˵ЩҦҵţ֪Լ֮˴֮Ļ
ֶŮһ£ͨȤģһǹС㣬Χ·ȻҲΧˡ
Ҧҹͨĺãһ֣ôţҲǲԼҵĹŮ޽Ҧˡ
ȴûҦǫҲֻǸƷ˶ѣҦҹӸ¶ûУ˼ңǹܿ۵ģ
ͨԼҦҹӵ˲ıΪ˶һء
ܽʳһ仰ģ³֮ǰܽȥĻҦҹӺͨȻЩˡ
-

508 

ڶܽη壬˺һûҿڡ
ʱԸܽЦһ
ǰԸͱ˶ĵòУƫֻͨУԸʰĴ˼ɣܽˣﻹٹ˼ʲô
ĸףϴȥ鷿Ҵ磬Ŵдһ¡Ը˵һֽҩģ֪ʲô𣿡
ҡͷ֪
ΪԸʵҲȷʵǲ֪
ԸǺǡЦһֻưˣʵϣһϲķ㵱ʳ֮Բߵһֳӡ
ʶסڱǡ
ãһζĻ
磬ö˶˵˵಻ţԹ
Ը»ǺȤģأԼϲԷΪʳʱʱߣΪ˭һϲԷ㣬Ÿ˾͵ΪǿıҪأ
˵꣬ԸҦҹӺͨ￴һۣе˼ײˡ
ô׵ָҦҹӺôҲǶģ
ͨԼ˼ܿҲˡ
ǣ裬ҦҹӣǷˣ
˶ûü˵Թ磬Ϲ˵İɣ˭ܿϷˣǲˣ
ԸЦɲˣһ̫ˣҪȻôŸ˾ͰͰ͵Ҫʳأ
ö˳˫ɣҦҹӺͨ϶һһ׵ġ
Χ۵ȺҲԸ֮ģŷһЦЩЦ˵Ǹѿˡ
ܽȵԸͷٴʳ˷ŵ⡣
ǰ˵ǣҽҵŮҪ޽Ҧңܽʵ
ҦҹȻһֶ˵ġ
Ϊ˵£ʵȴǣֻϾһʧʵûж»ԼȻԼûУֺĽҵŮ޽Ҧأ
֮ͨѾһΪͳͨѾߣΪϵ̬ˡ
֪ΪƶһΪȢŮȻֻܴӳȥ롣
ʲôùС¼޸أ
ҦҹסİѱٲбĿˡ
ҲΪˣǼҹʵǶЩмģĲм֮£ȻҲûֹͨѾˡ
ܽ⣬ֶź潪ۣҦҹһʱҲ̲סԹǰֶûһƲ£ľó˵
ͨҪôأ
ˡЩѵ졣
ܽȴѹͲ˵
ҦңиҦ𣿡ܽͻȻ
Χһ˶ſأԭΪСλҦӶף뵽ȴûҦҶ֪أ
ԡ
ʵǣҦҹӣ
ȺҲϳҦҹӵݵģʱŵӵˣҦǫҵĹӣ
ΧȺеõ˴𰸣ܽǽ˻ˡ
üͷšˣǲǸƷĹôԣһƷٵĶӣڵô˵ܻСĵ˵ҽҵŮҪ޽Ҧңô˵ҵŮѿ
Ҧҹӵɫѿˡ
֮ǰ˵˹ĹʱҲǲϲģǰΪܿͻ޸
ڡ
ǰһУǲԤ֮еġ
Ǳ
ܽҦҹӣƾܻŮŲţҾ˽ҹٽǵʬӵҦҴſڣҦҲ˵֣
˵⻰ʱܽɱ֮⡣
ܽҲȷʵǶŭ
ǸֻͨǸɫ˵ѣȻ͸˺ڰİܽ˼ǴҲΪġ
ͨܽ˵ٻһʱֻ˫ȶЩս֮ǰ˵ֻΪ˹˼ǿѣڣܽ仰֮ȴľöЩˡ
ڿɲ˵ʲô۵Ļ
Ҫܽ˽ˣû˻Ϊ
Ϊ˲ǵۣܽͨźۼ˼ֱ˵Ҧҹӵ˿
ҦҹҲŵˣŵúһûҴ
عæܽϢŭС򲻸ġ
-

509 ˷

û˵꣬ͱܽˡ
ô˿ţ¿ݲܽСҲƽϡ
ҦҹӺͨɵ˿
˵˲ǸˣڿԵ󰡡
ܽһ仰ž˴
Ǽƽϣֻ۸Сѣ£ҾֱѰĸĸɡܽ
ҦҹӺ޲õιȥ
ܽѰҦǫϣ¾ִˡ
ɵڣķչѾҦҹӿҵ˵ˣܽûҦҹӣֱӾȥҦ֪ͨҦǫķϡ
˭ҪĺӣܽԲ̵ġ
Χ۵һˣʱҲɵ
ԭֻǼСִ֮һתۣѾҦ֮ìܣһɾִˡ

ǰҦҹӺͨΪΧ۵һֻûֽкˡ
˵˼ҵĶŮûжף£ҦҹӻŸеͨ˹Сǰڿָ˼ĶҪǿ֣ⲻǰܻС
ŮҵжҪֻû˻᲻֪ˣ˵ǰΪ֮ģ
뷨һʱ˿ҦҹӺͨЩˡ
˵ҦҹӻֻЩżĻͨĲҰˡ
ΪϵĵҦҹӻͨûлɹµܲܳ£ҲΪˣ˼ԸŻ
ڣ˵ӣгɵĿܣ
һ
ͨѾʱľöڳʹˡ
ϱͿ˳ۣ֮ûбŸһҩȥҲΪ۶ӣ˼ҦҹӵķӦѣҪ֪ҦҹСĻ¸ûˣǾĲġ
ţͨѾҲ˲˵ĿˣץҦҹӵ֣ӣҶۡ
ҦҹҪճأͨѾ⻰ʶЩꡣ
ͲǸģټҲͨѾˣ׻ûס֮һϸϸػ
͸Χ۵һˡ
ôҲǸټүһѾͷҲˣڳǰѾͷУô˵涼֪˼ɣǡ
˷װ
ﹲͬ뷨
ҲʱҦǫϴҴҸϵˡ
ǰĻҦ˹˶Щͷԡ
ʼǳԾЩˡ
ϾȷʵǴ˹С⣬˷ͨ˾ˣֻΪܹȥúÿλС㡣
Ѳɡ
֪£ˣ
Ҳ԰
Ҫǰ˵ƢԣҲֱӴǣôƻȥ
ϵ飬Ҧǫȫ֪ˡ
ȥƻһ·ϣҦǫüͷǽšģ֪ǳʲô£Ȼ˵룬ΨһܹµľǣֻǶйصġ
֮⣬Ҧǫ벻Ŀˡ
һ·˵ͷ
ֻһǱȺΧһȦҦǫЩͷۣȵȺóͨȦڣԼҶǸϲ̨ͨϸϸοʱҦǫֻöͷϵͻͻֱ
ŭؿϡ
صͷ
ҦҹӴͨſƵ£Ҧǫ֪ȴ֪ģҦǫǰӴڻ˵ҦҹǻԺӿȥˡ
ڣ˵ڿˣȴĿ֮ͨѾͷοһҲöˣĸ׵Ļʲô˵ģ
ֻţϱ޺޵صͨѾһۡ
ԼĶǲдģǴľͶֻӲѧõѾͷˣ
ʱҦҹӺͨѾҲҦǫϵĵ
ҦҹЩѿصͷͨѾߣþʹǶݺݵĿ⣬ͷ̲סһ

һӰʲô˾ҪģǱߡ
ҦǫŽ˸񣺡¹ټˣ֪λ˻¹ٹΪ£
ҲϽܽͽ
ǲϾҪˣڣţô˵棬Ȼǲκεġ
û˵ܽ
ܽЦһ⻰ʵúðֻʴ˶Ҧ֪ô£ӦˣʹӣԼǸҦѪͨѾ߲ǡ
Ҧǫһ
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510 

ŤͷȥĿϵפһȻֿҦҹӺͨѾߡ
Ϊһ֮ҦǫҦҵȻǲɵģһɨϻҦҹˣЩ飬ǵͷƲǲҦǫӡ
飬Ҧǫֻ֪ܲıЩʲô
ҡ
йء
뵽ҦǫЩŭɶ
ڲҦңҦǫסҪĳ嶯ǱЩʲô
⻰ҲЩ
޶ʲô˵£仰˵Ĳ֪ˣֻһ㣬Ҳ̫ƽϲǡ
Ҧǫһʣϼͷ΢ȴһֶ˵
˵ʲô
˵Ҧǫλ֮ΪϾҪùˣԾŽŮȢǶϱ
˵Ϊ£ͨ˾ˣΪ˽۲һ¹ŮǸʲôˣ䲻ǵĶӣ
Ҫ˵ˣֻҦǫܵ
Ϊˣ˽ҦǫˣҦǫƽʱǷǳĽģ˵ĻǾԲ˵һֵġ
ôڷˣ˯֮ҲܹԼ˵λǣ
ϾҦǫλ֮е֪£ҲΪǰҦǫλ֪Щ¶֤ģ˵Ҧǫ˵˹ЩλϲûκεĻɣӶ֮Щơ
ҦǫȻ˵λϰߣԼǲ֪ġ
ҦҵĺԺܸɾûʲôͨģȻҲֻһ֪£ҲΪˣֻҪԼ˵ҦǫִӺε֪أ
ڡ
ǽҦǫ֪£Ҳ֪ʲôĺ
Ȼǲ˵ġ
ҦҹӣηҦǫףּ϶ı֣ȻҲ͸˵ˡ
ͨѾߣʱѹûˡ
ϺҦҹӺð춼˵ܽЦһȻ˺͹Ӷ˵Ǳ˾˵ɣҼҵĺӸ߸˵ĳƣȴﱻӺλ֪ˡ
ܽڶ˶֮˵֪ĸ֣ҦǫֻƤЩȡ
ּܽӵλ֪УһҼײ֮˵ЩĪĻҪ޽Ҧҵˣǿǿⲻ⣬ԲҪ⽫е̥Ū
Ҧǫͷϵ亹Ҫˡ
Ȼ֪ܽ˵ѣοô˿š
ˡ
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ҦҺǰ˸Ӷŵģ˾ôţҲܿԼҵĶӰ
ҼɻûأͱڰĸĪǣҦǾýˣܽ˵Ż˫΢΢
һգҦ˻ǲܸһǾȥǰ˵ɣ
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Ҫһ
Ҧǫ֣ת̧־ظҦҹһơ
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ʱڵƻϣԶܴҦǫһƴǴΧ۵ÿһ˶Уֻͻʶһ顣
֪Ҧҹӻжˡ
ҦҹӱһƸˡ
ǼжӣִСƴţﰤƣ
ʱʶűİǼҹֻľˣҲ˶ԼǲΡ
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511 û

ҦңҦǫһҲƽҦǫôԼǵĶӼƽϰˣϾԼǵǸˣҦǫʢŭ⣿
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Ȼ˴˻ͨѾߣܽǱ˹ȥ
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Щԡ
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ͲǸؼϵԼݵˣǣͲ󵨵Ҧҹӳ֮ǰͻе£֮ҦҹǱûеġ¡ˡ
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˵ŭֻܸŵͷϴҰһͨѾ˵
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Ŷǰ˳ܽһС㣬Ȯӳ״ð㣬С˲С˹ԭһء
С㣬Բ𡣡ҦҹҲ
Ա߶˶㣬ûһ
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֮ǰͨѾжڮԼģڿɻǵأ֮ǰǹ˼ŲҪԲѹûжǣͲˡ
ڣĸĸ׵ˣȻûκεĹ˼ɣҲòΥԼˡ
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ܽ״֣ʾġ
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ܽſϣҦ˰ɣ
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ϵһӾͰˡ
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˵꣬ܽһ䣬Ҫź뿪
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ҦǫֻһĿ⣬һ㣬ֻûˡ

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ҦҹӺͨĳղܽҲͬǷŵĹŮȴ˼ȣ׵ģǻΪֻ֮ظף
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Ըʱʼԭί
ǼԭԼҵĺһƻģ뷨Ǻõģ浽˵ƻϲŷ֣ǸͲһߡ
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512 û

ҵĺӾʮˣټϽʮԼ˴ѾС˵ȵȣôһֻһֶΪǶˡ
ƻôˣûΪǶϣҲƬ̼ͽǳˣǴôĻҲԱġ
ԣҲֻܷͷжˡ
ǣ躸BߣϺͳҲԸҲֱŻֿѾСȥȥˡ
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ֻǲ£ȴҲǡ
ⲻʱþҦҹӺͨ˸档
ԸʶҦҹӣ˵ǸͨˣҦҹͨ欵ģҦҹӿžͲķޣ࿴һۡ
Ҳͽ˶ˡ
Ҳ֪ôţⶼǱ˵£޹أһ۱ˣȻȥʲô
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ԸʱֻļҵүӦϵãȴСĽ˸ˣȻǳˡ
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һײ֮ͨѾ߾ŶӺۣ⵱ô˵ĺ
ȻҲܽͽˡ
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һ˶ˣܽҲЩ˵θڵ£˽ǰͽһǼյ
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513 Ҵ

һ磬ûüţ˹
Ԫڣ͢Ҳָÿյ糯ΪһǱ߹صͳ˧ȥϳҲ˾ʲô֮
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Źأÿյ糿ٹٻڹжӣȴŴ򿪣ɹ빬糯
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ɽա
ʱѾŲԱˡ
Ž񣬵ȺڹһڹԱ׼ǰк
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Ϊ磬ʱĹδɽȴֱó͵ƣ˴򿪹š
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514 

ĵôû뵽㼱Ҵҵ빬͵ƣΪʲôҴ£Ϊˡ
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ǣϽԽļɵصúܺã˼ĸ֮⣬δκǰڵʵȴǣһѹûסˣȻ˼
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ĵȷʵɵҲȷʵҪеıȨջأĵͬʱҲΪĺͣھżߵǾԲܶģĽıȨջأĵҲý°뱲һ۵ĸ˵ġ
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ΪеļߣһʱûѹȺĹҲĻġ
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515 

ĵ˵ģԽ޶뿪ǵĻʵ΢΢һµġ
Ķܿͱĵѹȥ
ĵ۶ԽļɵѾõģ˵ΪֻҪһʥּܽıȨջˣ֮ûֱּѾ˼Ǿý񲻿ܸľʹ˷еıȨóȻּ˵¶֮⣬ԭǣ׻ҪгԼ°վڹӲš
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ˣֻǸ˶ܿĵڵʲô
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516 Ϊ

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ǴǰӶ˵ĿٻЩ⣬Դ֮ܽ󣬺֪ԿηĵͬʱҲ֪ȥ˵Ŀ
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ĶΪᣬͷһֱᵽβܽúʣɵüΪܵرۡ
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ܽЩˣǱߣʲô𣿡
һ˲䣬ܽࡣ
ѲɣֻһþԴĻ
ǴһЩ˿֮пĵҰģԲŵóһۣ
ܽҲֻˡ
ȴҡҡͷ
ȷʵѾûս֮δʮڣĶֻϢٲܶԾսˡֻǣȻû춯ȴͰˣͲֻһˡ
ܽסˡ
罪˵ǰ㣬ȷʵֻһˡ
Ľ򼫹㣬˵ռ˴úɽھ֮⣬һЩ˿Сģٱ籱ȡ
ҪȹЩСȻϲϾģΪЩ滷Ͼ˵Ҫ࣬ԴҲΪѷЩС𾰳ҲҪ뺷࣬ͱģ˵ȫԱСҲǲ
ҲΪЩ滷ӣǲŸеҪӶȡ㹻ԴҲΪξı߾һֱսµԭˡ
Ȼ岻ֻһΪʮֻ򾰳ս£ԾĴ󲿷˲ŻʶľͽļСˡ
ΪˣȥͣŻٹڣΪģԺͿӭξðˡ
شﲩЩ˵ߵһ⣬ܲ죿ǰʮ꣬뾰սһֱδݣǼ֮ûгһΪûаգ޷Ҳϣܾˣʱˡ
ھȻˣ˶ʮ̣Ĺżģʱٳ룬ǿ°ġ
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ʹֻôһ룬ܽҲһľġ
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ЩΣܽ񣬡ѲʥԼôˣ
Ȼʳ⣬ܽĴȴԲġ
Դܸ֮ܽоǵ࣬ἰһʱһĽҶãͣǾʢı֡
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ס֣ܽЩƣʥϡһЩΣʥϵֻҴв֮һЩ
£ָĵܹʱΣǰأ
ܽһʱҲˡ
ĵδؿΣԸýȴһġ
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ĵڼȴֻĿѹԼĳϣһʱ˿ܻе⻼ò˵ҲЩˡ
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ĵۣȴδһ㡣
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518 

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ʵϣǽϢѹԣ
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ʱʲôֻ¾ĵۻԥľӦ
ˣʵҲòôıˡ
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Ȼ˵ԼΪء
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ˣ㱱ķս£ǰ׼£н󣬱Ǿֲ˺õġ
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519 

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˵֪˭ȴģȻܿľʹ˾ǣ֮ơ
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Щ˿ž˾Ƿᣡ
ȻûˣԸ
ܽԣԸͷЦеصԸˣҲܿסԼˣĸΪ㽾
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ĸףЩС֮ĶȾ֮͸úݺݴǵǣ
ʱյûţȻҲûĿ⿴ƽʱ뽻õСͨţҲСἰ˴£ԴȻҲǼΪŭġ
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ڵԴԽȵ罪˵ǰӦʱķתŸӡ̣ӶϴԴĸӰ죬ܸʶԼϵҹġ
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˺һܽڼɻĿ֮»عЦЦЩϲ˰ˣǵòǼƽϣǸһʲôˣˣܿײǡ
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Ƶͨգеٹ٣ɸµĸڡ
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ˣҲû˵ǶΪĬı˳Ĭ
Ͼĵ۵̬ţٹλðŴŭ˾ĵ۵ķգվһأ
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520 

龰ڳЩĪ
˭뵽Ȼô򵥾ʧʥأ
˵ĵֻһĽڶѣǸʲô˿ǲǺģȴǲҪ
ҲΪĵԲ̬ȣͥеҲʼ
ǰ˾˽ʣļҵᣬʱһݡ
⼸գ͵ȴͻȻ
ΪǸͻȻͲˣֻΪǲ˶ѡ
˻ûߣ迴ѾҪˡ
ѹ֡ܽĿ΢ϣôаܹȢ
ԣܽ֡
ĵڲᣬҲһЩվסŵԽôģҲ㣬ػص޵ķʽĥŶѡ
Ǹĵ㹻ʱ䣬ֶλĻЧ

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밲οԼܽЦЦģҲΪ¾Ͳĵġ
ܽҲȷʵûбԣԼЩͻȻת̬ȵš
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ܽȷʵûΪ¶ѹҲˡ
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ܽļױҪˡ
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Ϻͬʱ뵽еЩԣ˼ʱʥ϶̬ȵı仯һʱЩľ
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еɣܽǵǰ˵¶ڻˣǱһ䣺СãˣЩҵ費Ҫ˶Ŀ
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Ҳ֪Ȼܽ˵ˣҲ̣ǿ϶ǲмٵģ̣ѰͲҲΪ֣ѹͲ²ܳ֡
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521 ˸

ϺôĴľܻǵģʵҲǲȱӡ
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Щڿ˵ͭζḯ֮ˣҲûǲͷ¶ܻ
˵ˣܵ˾ļңҲһ̫˼ɱ˿ˡ
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ܽԣϵЦˡ
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˵꣬ܽͬ⣬ǿСãģȱӣҪǲſĸס
Ȼϡ
ɩ˵ĻЦſܽܽͰɩ˵İ죬ȷʵȱӡ
ܽŵͷ
ܽңЩҵˣΪܽͲĹϵһʱҲ뵽ȥҲܱ˶Ŀˡ
Щ£Լ˺ʱȥ飬ϺŻӨһ׼ȥˡ
ܽ͵Ŵлܽ˵ӨһĸŮһЩռ䡣
ҲȷʵлҪܽ˵
֣ܽܽŮµˣֻҪŮúõģĸҲͲˣʱʹźǶĸװɡ
˵ֹǲᡣ
ܽһȡ
ûнԭί˵ҲѾµһЩϾ׼뿪֮⣬кܽԼԼļױأ
ĸסܽ
˸һһӵҲǼұܿˣǿĸˣһȥɣˡ
ܽӦһȴۿ»صլ
ܽһ˵ģ֪ܽͽ˽ʲôܽ뿪֮ӣЩĵصĸףôˣ᲻ĸǸҲԶĸĸˣʱȥ˼ҡҪҾĸһȥ
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һ룬ֲܽ̾Ϣһ
ܿͽЩ˺ռĸ£ֻһʱЩпˣȹյˣĸȥĸ𣿡
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ܽ뵽ǰѾߡ
ӳѩӳ᰾һֱߣҲǾľˣԴӱ֮ܽѾҲȷʵֻһΪӣǽ񷢻ûܽĵͷѾҲӷԸ
ҲΪѾߵܽŲ뵢ǡ
ӳѩӳ᰽궼ʮţͣҲÿˡ
ǰܽӳѩӳ˵ǣٸǱһݼױģʱܽûϵԼôͻ뿪ǣȻ֪ھǾѾѰ˺¼޳ȥܺùǸһȥ߹أǱ֮ࡣ
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522 ϲ

㣬ܽӳѩӳ᰻˸ǰ
ֻܽǿԼˣðζڣӳѩЩĺӳᰶһۣ̽صˣǣҪԸ
ܽع
ԼŵӳѩӳˣܽѾЦЦҲҪԸֻһ¡
ӳѩӳ˿
֪ʲôʣǶˡͬص
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ȻΪܽ⣬Ѿߵͨ졣
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ܽ۲˵ı֣ǵóһۣѾﵱ֮ˣֻұ¶ѡ
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˺һ˲ǿˡ
ˡӳѩһӴǰһ÷
ӳѩӳᰶǼӣǺܹܲġ
ӳѩǰڼеҲûе͸۰ţֻĵȺһ󲡣ʷֳȢޣеǮڰⳡ֮˴룬һȻҲΪ
۳һ˵ץҩǮûˣӳѩһģ֪ӵǴʱԼӡ
ΪõӸе￴ǩʮӻؼңԼӴȴٲˡ
ȻˣԼӳѩҲֵ
ӳѩڼʱʵѾ׵ģ׵ĶͬһСӣ÷˵һ𳤴ģȻǼΪ
ûз⣬ӳѩԭӦʮ֮ͳ׵ġ
Լ֮ӳѩԭΪԼԺֻҲǸ÷ˣȴǰһηˡ֮ܽʱȴһ
ҲǼ֮ӳѩ֪÷һֱշתôӿд˹һֱһӳѩ
ֻģҲãǼӳѩһ档
ӳѩ֪ЩǸԵġ
֮ӳѩ÷ΣɵҲ⣬ҵӳѩ󣬻⼸Ļ˵С
ӳѩ֪һֱڵԼӳѩҲ֪ԼѾǹѾߣδɲԼȻˣôܸκεĳŵϣأ
ԣ꣬ӳѩһֱ
˭Ҳ޷˵ԷǾ
ҲܽӳѩϣŽ˵˳
ܽ꣬ӳѩ˵ͷˣҲȷʵǸģѰʱ䣬㽫˴ҸǰƣǸõģ£ҲӦ˰ɡ
ӳѩԣмȾϲã־ɬӳᰵ֮£ܽл
ܽתӳᰣӳᰣأ
ӳᰵûʲôһֱڵ÷ӳҲһ֪ԼˣԴϴܽ˵֮ҲڿԼĻˡ
ʱһλµĶӣȴ˽̽ӳᰵ˼
ӳᰵҲλµĶӣҶҲ⣬ʹܽ£ʵء
ԣӳʵʵĽ˵˳
ܽ꣬ҲǾø˵ġ
ȻǶѾˣǸͽһưɡܽ
ߵһùޣ⵱Ȼֵø˵£ܹԼһ뿪֮ǰֵİϲ£Ҳٺòˡ
ܽĻӳѩӳᰵҲɬǻϲϲӦǡ
Ȼ˶һۣӶԷ￴ϲ֮⡣
дϲɫѾߣܽҲЦˣȥɣˣȥӷ֪ͨһӷ˹һˡ
ӳѩӳӦ¡
ʱBҲ͵ˡ
Bһ˹ģһĻ
֮ǰBB̸֪ܽB˳ҲBһˡ
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523 

ܽ죺ĸףɩʲôĻҪ˵𣬻Ʋң
ֻܽBҲȷʵûȥ
ǳԴˡ
˵ܽĴ˵㣬ЩεصѾͷʮˣôСԣĸ׻ɩлҪɩ˵ء
ԣܽĸ첲Ц
Ⱞģأ
ˣҲҪɩ˵ʲô֮£ҪԱŰɡܽ
ˡ
BĸŮ˵òˣʵĸףϱǡ
Щɻӡ
ܽԣǺ˿ڲ裬ȻŵBB㸸ϾҪʮ˰ɣ
B΢΢һȻ˵ͷЩж
û뵽ܽǵá
һ̣BΪܽĻɫ
BBûסһʱ䡭ܽ˵
û˵꣬BͰһЩµصĸףǶϱʲô𣿡
ҲBķӦ
ͷ˼޵ŮǱͻңǶΪʲôܵĳ£ڳŮ˵ҲǼΪʵ¡
ҲΪˣBŻ˲ʧ侲
ܽBֽɫӣæ⺢ӣҲǸӣʲôֻôãҲټ棬ʱ丮Ҳûʲô£㸸Ҫ٣ˣԻؼȥסһʱ䣬ȵ㸸׵ٳٻ
Ҳ֮ܽе뷨
Bǽҵϱȵһǰ߹صʱȻҪһġ
һͬܽѼһһBԺֻҲѼҵĵֵܽˡ
ܽԼΪ¶˸вѵģԣţڽһû뿪ǣBһ˺úദĻᡣ
ˡ
ȵźŻһЩɡ
ȴ룬Bû˵أѾ⡣
뿴κһ˶ϱģȻĸ˵ҪԼͻңŶķӦ
˵ܽԼû˵ˡ
Bֱܽ˵ȫˣ˿
ԭ
ֻҪܽҪϳȥǾˡ
Ҫ˵벻ңBȻġ
Ȼͬھǣ֮ܲʱܣBǹʱһˣڼеҲʵʮֹġ
ԣܽԻסһʱ䣬BҲȷʵЩĶˡ
ĸף⡭𣿡ڴؿܽ
ܽʧЦʲôԵģǸҲûôĹأֻҪͬ⣬ҲԣҲˡ
BŴЦȻܽ˵ͷĸ˵ϱЩˡ
˵BЩ˼
Ѿޣ˽ҵϱˣȻԼĵ˵ҲȷʵЩΪġ
ܽȴûʲôҪЦB˼
˵BˣܽԼѾôˣҲһʱ
ҲǽıģܽŻԼ뾩֮ǰB˴һʱ䡣
ţܽȻˣǰ֪һɱˣȻ躸ȥסһʱ䣬ȹ㸸׵躸ٽظ
BſĵӦ¡
Ȼæܽ˱𣬻ط׼дš
ȵܽ뿪ֻʣܽ
ĸסЩɻشܽǲǰ
һ˵ܽ΢΢һ٣ȻЦλ˵
룬ܾãĸ϶ʲô¡
˵ҲȷʵûдܽȷʵЩ£Ȼʱ͸ˣֻǳЦЦû˵ʲô
ܽⲢ˵ӣҲû׷ʣһ£ĸףǰӳѩɩҿӳѩһϲɫӣʲôϲ£
ܽҿӳѩӳᰵͶѾСˣҪǷļ޳ȥӳѩӳᰶѾѡΪ¶˰ɡ
ԣ˼ˡ
˵ĸһʲôǡ
ҪȻ
ӳѩӳᰳޣȻôɩŸ׹ȥסһʱ䣬Щ£ôֽʲô˼档
ͺ񡭡
ǰʲôһ㡣
ָоһʱҲȫĸоʵҲ˴ˡ
ܽɲǰô
֪ˣܽľͽԼļױԼӶϣֻ»ӿ϶ԼĲ²ȷġ
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524 С

šüͷʲôܽͷģʱձﻵ˰ɣ
һ⻰ͽǰ׵һȥ
ҲȷʵǱﻵˡ
ԪƻǼ֮ûˣƻϵǼ㲻ǣ㣬ȴҲ˵ĹעûţҲû洫ķԷ
Ϊ˲ָָ㣬ɴҲͲˡ
˱ָ㣬ֻǲ뿴Щָ˵ˡ
뵽˱죬ĸףҲš
һǲ뱻ָ㣬ĴɲôãڹȻ֪Լͥ࣬ʱţֻ²ᱻָ㣬ߡ
ȻܽͽںţھЩˣҲûҪǣ
ֱܽǱ㲻Űɣմڸ᲻ƣǾƣǶӣǵСۡ
ܽƶֿԲЩ۵¡
һ

뵽ԼĴ
мʱӣǻ
ϾſʵǴá
Щɣĸס
ܽڳʲôֻӾˣǻ᲻Ǿǵˡ
֮ԻὨܽСۣʵҲǲź
ȵһ뾩ˣֻٲܼˣ佫ͽź뾩֮ǰǺúþһۡ
ͬʱɴ˿ЩǿģЩֲֵ
ȻˣܽȻϣǶֵġ
ܽһ˵ҲȻˡ
һμǣԪƻգΪ̫࣬Сû˵ϼͷֿˣپһۣȻٺòˡ
ǵ˵ͷĸףͻԺдš
˵꣬Ҵҳܽ˸񣬾˽ԻԺȥˡ
ܽıӰЦҡҡͷ
֮ȴǷԸ˿ʼСҪ׼Ķˡ
Ǹ˵ӣԺӾ͸дͳȥ
Ѿ봺ˣҲʼůҲ֪ǲΪĴҪһЩԵʣ԰ĻѾʼˣͻ˼һС۵ġ
˵Ҳ̼࣬ҽã֪ţԼɩBԼҽá
˽ͳȥ֮ʵҲЩġ
ȻãԼõЩ˵ƷǼõģ˵ȴǴŭ˾ĵۣʱпھĵͷǲһ㣬ԸԼǼеĳǲܲںأ
ֱյ˻ţƽ
ͳȥÿһŶյ˻ţӦÿһˣӦԼǵʱһ׼ʱԼġ
ˣ˿
ͬʱҲԼ۹⻹治ĵ⡣
ĵ⣬ܽǰ߶õġ
ĸףҵ۹⻹ðɣͳȥÿһŶõ˿϶Ĵأص
ͺƣ֮ǰǸ˲һ㡣
ܽ״ɵʧЦ
ԣ۹ٺòˡܽ
ܹܲӰ죬ȻӦԼ˵Ƕֵýύġ
ȻʵҲȷʵˣʵܽ뷨׻ЩСˡ
ЩӵȻǼΪصģصпܻӰǵĹϵ
ʵˣֻ¶롣
ĵʱȻȷʵ˽񣬵ƾŽȥǶʮµľֻҪʲôͨѹ췴ִ治£ôĵλͻȵĲӰ졣
ֻܹһ˲ѡ
ҪȻΪιһӾͱͥأ
ȻˣʱпĵطǽͷݣҲҪˣܹΣʵҲһ¡
֮ЩˣǲΪһʱ£Զġ
ȻģܽȻᵱ˵ǵⲻѵӣܽЦŵҾѾԸΪεС׼ˣ԰ĻѾˣС԰ٺʲˣʱĿˣɩԼкĸ׿ɲٲ֡
ܽļͷ˲䣬صĸףģҺʹɩһѿдõģ
-

525 

ָյĻܽҲˡ
ͻһգ칫ǼΪǳãů԰ʢŵĻϣҲԳһŽصķ
δʱһȺСӦ֮Ⱥ
֪ţ̼ҡҵļλӨһȺСﻻԵһЩĴѾ԰˸ܵڴеĲ
ܽҲȷʵ˵ǰ㣬ûг棬ǽд˵¶BûгڣһȺСҲȷʵüΪˡ
ȵյС۽֮ܽܿóľȷʵǱȴǰҪ˲١
ǺϲЩġ
ȵ뾩ֻ֮ûлˣܽǸ˵ģЩСմڼҲ£´βһ档
ԣ˵ͷ
ûȵһҹ棬BȻСסˡ
B֮ǰܽ˵ҵʱķӦһ㣬BѾǰҵŶ躸Bͻң˻ǵ˺һ
Ǻ躸ɫ죬躸Ҳ϶ֻܽBųӼʮĻᣬBСסһʱ䣬ȹӵٽBع˲Ƿ
һ֮£ȻҲѡ
B躸δ֮ʱ˿ɶǼΪBģӳ֮ͷŴãһĸί
ڿĵģȴǶûзB޽֮󣬲޺Ҳŵ۰ССҲദüá
ǱĳŮҪ
ˣҲܹˡ
ҲΪˣ˭ûȥBСסǲǻű⣬˵ˣԸҲֻΪܽBȫûĵط롣
ϾŮֻҪĸ׿ϣСסʵҲʲô̫˴Сֵ¡
ܽĸ첲Цĸףõĸףõˣ
˵Ļͬʱȴǽǰʮܵίһɶˡ
ܽĻüҲɵ÷ˡ
ֻ仰֮оͲѿܵЩίҲȷʵûʲôӰˡ
ˣܽҲˡ
ûüأֵĸڿҵʱҲøһĸŲУ
ܽһȻʧЦ
ѾͷŶأѾˣҲ֪ߣܽ
˵ͬʱܽԼβָ۵˹Ρ
һĸף˵ôǰìأʱ˵Ҷô˻˵ҲŶ󡭡
ѧܽЩìܵĻ˵һ飬Ȼֲֶ֧ܽ
úúãˡܽ˵棬ϵɫҲοֲˣҲ˿Կµˣĸ׽һѰһƷãҷҲõ˼ҵġ
ֻϣŮ˳һ
ڣʱһһѾڱ߹ذˣδķҲڱ߹ѡͽڽտţܲίˡ
һ룬ܽҲôˡ
ǰԼᵽ˻µģܽһ˵ȴֺͷܽļһû̧
ҲĸŮ˵ʱӳѩӳˡ
⣬һԼԼ̬ܿܽܵ˵Ҳûмųܽ۽ǵżȻƳˣֻ˻Ϻһ
ıܽѾͷԼģǺˣҲûʲôúߵġ
ֱ
ֹ˺һϵĺϼɢȥ
ȵָˣܽŵˣˣҪĸһ𣬻ԼԺȥ
룬ĸףɣ
ܽ˵ͷ
ӳѩӳ᰹ҲµΪʲô£ϴӳѩӳ᰽֮˴ǰ˾ͽ˴˰ɡ
ҲʲôҪܻ˵£ȻǾȥɡ
ܽ滽ɡ
𣬽ӳѩӳ᰾һ˽
ˣ
һ
ܽѾЦŵ⼸տһֱڵǽأ
ӳѩӳԣߺ
-

526 ô

ΪŮңʲôݣᵽԼĻ£ǻɬģ
ӳѩӳҲֻǺһСܿµ˹
ܽķԸӳѩӳҲûйŤ󣬺ܿȥԺѾ˴˽
ܽЩţŬ̧ͷСӡ
˶ǶʮͷӣӳᰵˣҲǸµĶӣòҪһЩҲһЩӳѩǸ÷Ϊʵ
ܽ۹ĻĺģĲ˵Ķģ˿ӳѩӳʱﶼǴŻϲĹġ
ȵףǶǲṼӳѩӳᰵġ
ӳѩӳᰵ۹⣬Ҳȷʵ
ǿۣһֵи˵ܽǰǲء
ԣ֮ܽ󣬳ӳѩӳᰵ˵ͷ
ӳѩӳͷһɡ
ǽԼ˴ܽĸǰӦ֮ܽʵҲܽ۵˼档
˶ͷˣҲȷʵǵˡ
ţ˵ﶼɵ⡣
ܽһؿǶˣǼȻܱӳѩӳᰴҸǰɼҲȷʵпȡ֮ҲҪסˣӳѩӳߵˣǳףǸǣҲҪΪǳͷġ
һ仰Ѿô;֮⡣
СͷһӦǡ
ӳѩӳᰱͶϣԭҲȢӳѩӳ᰺úùӵģö˶˵ȻҪǣܽôȻӲˡ
Ͼ˵ֻģǹˡ
ӳѩӳᰣܽԼ˵ô;棬ûвˣֻимж
̫ܽô뾯棬˵жôҪˡ
֮ܽˣҲֻӳѩӳ᰿˵ֵֵиѣȻ˶ǿиˣôһ֮󣬱Ҳû˵ġ
ˣȻѾˣǻͷǾһ£ѡӰϲ°˰ɡܽ
һͻϲȻܽлһ뿪ˡ
ȻˣܽĻʵδ˵ꡣ
ӳѩδķԼСʱҸһӣٻҲͿ븮ȥúùˡܽȻתӳᰣأ
ӳѩ÷ԼƴˣӳѩȻǸһȽϺʡ
ӳᰣδȴǽҵļӡ
ӳԥ˺һ
˵ӳѩ÷һԼȥƴʵ𱱿ŹôҪһЩӳᰵķǼӣΰһġ
ӳʼҲûҪū
ȻūҪ˵ֻǱһСС֮ҵС㻹Ҫ̹ġ
ǡ
ʱְܽţӳʵҲǿģҲԻжϣжϲô׼ҲôЩоġ
ҲΪˣӳᰲŻԥ
˺һһصˣҪȥһ£ӵķҶͬ⣬ɷͨһӵķ˶꼺
ܽЩ֮⡣
ȻӳֻһѾߣľԼˡ
ӳԼˣܽҲǴҪ˶˰ŵģӳ˵˵ͷԡ
ӳ˿
ʵܽĴͿжϵóԼľǶԵġ
Ѿܽˡ
ͷβܽߣȻһжȵӳѩӳˣšüͷЩǵصĸףǲʲô°Щš
ϸһ£ӳѩӳᰵĻ£BСסԼˣЩ͸һΪʲôŰŵζ
Ȼǲáź¡ĴܽΪģͷȴǺѲǡ
ܽҲ֪ǲʲô̧ͷḧ˸οܷģи׺ĸڣʲôµġ
Ȼɻ󣬵ܽĻǲлɵģҲİ
ǣֻҪ׺ĸڣֻҪһһǲʲô£ҲͶ㲻ˣȻĸ׶ûĵǣֻҪúõĴڸ׺ĸ׵֮£Ҳˡ
뷨Ľ֮ǰЩ˼׵һߣ¶Цݡ
ӳҲܿ˻ظ
Ҳ֪ӳδķҹͨģֻһգӳ᰾͸ܽ˻ķһңԸԼ
-

527 

ӳδĹǸĹ£֮ܽȻĹ¶úһҲˮĵҲûиϾɱֻҪǳϴ֮б˲µĹǣȻԼǰʮ̰īӻ˴룬Ҳӯġ
ң֮ʱڹʱʱĽŲµıЩˮСܽҲû̫⡣
ԣӳδķңʵӿɺʵأеĻȫ㹻Լһ˵֮󣬻ʣµȥСġ
ˣӳ᰾Ҫ˵δҲǲܵġ
ܽĴ֮Ȼܾ
ӳѩӳᰶѾʮˣҲСˣٵȥĳϹˣ֮ǰ˵˶ܽ᲻ߣܽ˿ڣ˵˴ϲ֮£ȻͼŰˡ
ԣҲûõ£ӳѩӳᰵĻ¾׼òˣܽԼＸӵļ֤֮£ܽһѾߣҲַĳˡ
֮˵⣬Ϊ˵Ļ²ֵܽģֱܽ׼һӵѹǮԼÿһ˫ӡ
ټ˫ЩΪԼܵļױ˵Ƿޣһ㶼Ϊġ
Ϊˣﲻ֪Ѿ߶ӳѩӳĽء
ҲĽġ
ӳѩӳܽѾߣǳ֮ʱܽŻô󷽣ѾȻǲȵġ
ӳѩӳһޣٻظﵱһܽߵȻҲЩȱˡ
ܽҲûдӶѾһѾߣһھǴߵҲһܴߣȻˣȻҲûбҪѾˡ
ȵѾ߳޵ϲȫʧʱ򣬽˵֮ڣҲˡ
ʱ³
︴գݳݺɵʱڡ
˶ڴشأҲΪûսʱӱ߹ضһϢȴǸ˳صһ
Ծͣս֮󣬱߹غܿͻ˱
ûսҵвȻȻҲͻĥűˣ̡ͨ
뾰ộȷʵѪ𣬱Ͼ̫ľʿգΪĽսԼ
ɲô˵˶Ҫǰġ
սѾһ䣬ŵ˻ҪҪøãôѧͨҲˡ
Ȼ񾰳شﲩĵĲزƤëһЩҩĵȣھȴǼܻӭģܽЩز˵ϡǵȸ֮أеĲ۾㹻˴׬һˡ
̣ͨ˵ҲǼкôģȫЩزȡȱٵĶʳҶȵȡ
˵ǻݻġ
ҲΪˣ߹أԼһӱ߹ЩزˣҲĲ٣һ࣬ԭԵı߹أȻҲͿʼ
Щͣսĺô
֮£߹صĽʿǣҲͬű仯
Щ仯߹ƷߵĽ죬Ҳκˡ
߹ؽʿʹΪ˱ҪȻҪǿԼ׵֣ҪȻսҲֻѡ
ҲΪˣǰ߹صĽʿǣûսµʱ򣬽Ҳᰲÿղһи
κҲ֪ôģΪµľٴֽڱ߹ؽʿµӰ죬һȫµ㣬ΪԼ۹ͣھĵ
֮κڿ֮ȴǲûаű߹صĽʿÿսв辶Щʿȥѻȥˡ
߹ԭҲŴƬģʮսʹն˱߹أһʣµĴƬȻҲͱķˡ
һķϾǶʮ꣬ҪЩ¿ѳʳȻҪԼͶġ
κ߹Ѿûս£ȻҲͿʱʿǶЩģѻ֮ЩķϵؾܱֻҪʳô˽죬ջָʳˡ
ˡ
߹ҲԸˡ
⣬Ǹʡ˴ľԼľˣô˵Ǵһ
ҲΪĹͣκŻ
߹صͳ˧ǽֻ񱻾ĵ˾Уûܻص߹ضѣ˧ڣκΪ߹ƷߵһˣȻȻľݴΪ֮ˡ
κȻҲ֪ĵΪʲôὫھУΪʲôǲԼ߹أҲΪ֪еҪЩЧ
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528 

ʵϣκľ˵ҲûʲôֻҪս£ôЩĽʿѻֵأҲȷʵһ÷ӣҲȷʵܻ⾰ĲΣ
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ʹڣʿǳʱԡ
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542 

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543 ֤ף

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544 

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ܽԲ²Ϊȥ׵¶Ҳֻǻ֪˲²ѣƾʲôͱ˻Ͽ
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545 

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546 

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˵ˣ֪˺ü֮ԭҲûԭġ
٣Գ˽⣬Զʤκ˵ġ
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ϣٲһֱۣ뿪ˡ
ЩȻųԶȥıӰܾЩ
ϸԼЩܱ֪»һ飬ȷԼﲢûгʲô©ôŶᱻֲǣǿ
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ĸףȥBЩ档
ܽͷǸڣҲй̫ˣǸȺú˽һ˰ɡ
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ܽ˵BɵЦ
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ĸף⻰˴ȥģе⣬Ļ𣿡ɻʵ
Լĳ˴СԼˣǲŵģֻΪǵΪĲſˡ
ܽΪжд̣ų˵ֻǲŵġ
ܽ΢΢ЦЦҲҪóҵĻҵ¿ɾͽǰأμޣЩֻǳûһŻɵӶѣڱġ˴ĻţԼ鵽أ
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ܽЦŸ˸ͷȴٲ˵ʲôˡ
Щƣʵѧ̫࣬Ҳ֪ԺôҲͨ˼ңЩǲܱġ
ԿǰߣԼȶѧһЩȻΪѧЩֶȥˣôҲҪ㹻Աġ
Ͼ
ͽʱȻܱӻĸһҪں뿪ģʱǸĻֻܿԼ
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ĸģ̲סҪδһӵ·ˣʵȴǣЩ·ҪԼȥߡ
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ܽ˵սȴˮоҲȷʵ̫˳䡣
˵оݱҲˣƫƫ˵ЩǳĲ²⣬û֤ҲͰˣ²ⶼʮֵĻĵ
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547 ɻ

ҪˣλᶯߵѾߣ
һ˵ģѾƽﶼڹܲҲŷɣ
ֱ׾Ӳ
ǣĻս뱱ಫֱĿ

óɹˣЩ´˱߹ȥ˭֪᲻ᶯҡģ
ĿԼСҲпܵġ
ˣִֶ
ǵİǶԴ۷׷ףǳеʷ֪֮ҲȺ˼ӵʷӦûڽ֮еģԵβ뿪˹ȥҫ
ֻûžĵ۵ķι˵Ǿĵݵˡ
ĵҲΪŭ
Դӱ֣ĵ۵һֱ֮С
һΪĻʵۣԼĽɽ죬һսĵȻǼΪǵġ
κڱ߹أ£δ繦һ㻵˴֣ĵǼΪŭ䲻ģķŭͬʱҲжԼ۹ⲻ׼ŭ
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ĵıôãҪսɽеıȨȴǣ浽ʱõģֻнһˣͬþĵЩŭ
£ȥֲݣ˵ôЩ˳ôۣĵȻŭϼŭˡ
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ͬʱĵ۵ʹͻˮһȥʾ
ЩʹͣܽȻǶ˸ĿⷿˣϾǾͣҲɲƴǡ
Ȼˣھĵ۵İҲЩʹ͵֮ǰܽѾдˣУԭί˵һ飬ȴʲôûᡣ
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Ͼֻܽд˼齫зһЩʵ˵뽪ѣ˭ָʲô
ܽţ˼ġ
֪һûããһץסʱġ
ܽű߹̫ԶҲֻôˡ
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ǵİǣ˽¶ԳΪ۲ѣָ֮࣬Ҳûǻлῴ֡
֣ǹġ
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Ȼһֱͼ˵Լܽ˴Щǳڱĺˣ֮ʱ䣬ÿһο᲻ȥ룬丹еĺǲģ֮ԸҴ۵ȥЩ£ǲǳ⣬ˣ˳ǲǲһʱҪ˶ɵĶߣ
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Ըȥµʱ򣬳ǣֻΪİΪܽӰ쵽ķ֮ѡ
ǣȴû뵽˲鵽Щ࣬ȴ˴ۡ
丹еĺȷʵġ
ò˵Ҳȷʵͦװ
֮±ҳ֮ǰûǰСèҪ˳Ȼôĵӡ
ȻΪĸѡԭ
Ϊ֮ǰĽѵٲʲô˼ǣȴû뵽б˼Եѱ߲ݣ
ܲţȥµĸΪܹĽдׯ̫󣬼Ȼ鵽ЩǾͶȻġ
֪˽ŭ֮࣬ĸоȻɻ
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Դҵ±֮󣬳˼ģǰȴǸˣͬʱʱʱڳߣóܺʱ̧ۣܿӰ
һóãΧתġ
רעȻóⲻѵģҲΪרעл£ʱŷ˶ľ衣
ԡ
ģһΧתһ߻ܳպһеģ
-

548 

ôҲ벻׵ġ
ʵǣԼŮѾߵϣһڳƤӵС
ںЩ֮Ҳ˲óôöûҵټ
ֻҪһ뵽Լ˾ȻصôоͲЩ
Ȼиģȿټһͬô꣬һ˫Ů˵һˣһֻСèСһô꣬Ҳǻиġ
ˣ֮УҲѡٸһλˡ
û뵽ǣһƭĻᡣ
Щ֮󣬳û
ǣ뵽֮Ϊжд̵ܽȴѾ֪һˣܽģ͸ʹ޲ѡ
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ܽǰȥˣ
˵ܽ˵ϣٺݺݵ̤˼š
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ŭ֮£ԼĶ˸ϡá
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ֹһڳò׷й˵ʱŵõϢ˹
ȥɡŵһѾӰ˰֡
һ˵ŻҲ˼ţΪ˺¶ŭ̧ҪŶʱȴЩѾԵͷ棬ûһķԸ¡
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˵ͬʱȥš
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ûſεʱǰ
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ϵ˿ӿѪķŭȴҵ˷йۣ֮ʹЩ
ʹˣҲ͸ˡ
ţϲɵ¶һЦ
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ϸһ飬֪ǸʲôˣҲûܴҵ˿
ҪȻ
ôᱻôһٶأ
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549 Ŀ

ţ֣¶һЦ˵ûȷʵһ¼ŭҡ
Ц
֪ΪΣܾãĿЩŹ֣һôҲ벻Լ¶·ˣ˼ַϵ˿ϣͬװݺһ㣬˼ƽ࣬ȻҲͲ²г˼ˡ
ͻȻĵĲѹȥһѹŰһŬ¶һЦֺαΪЩ¼ŭԼӲҪġ
ֻЩȥȻ˿Լϵ˿ڡ
һͻȻЦ˵ûȷʵúúñԼ壬һ¼أ
иùŹˡ
оЩʲô£ƺѾƿأΣƫƫڶ֪˺¡
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ɿн¶һ飬ȷԼû¶ʲô˳ųĻȻùľˣôҲҪһʹֵġ
˵ͷΪͬصȷʵ˵û͸ýһʹ֣
ƺԼİˡ
ڵϵķ治ɫĽմȾԼѪȥȻǰеķݸ˳ǲˣҶУİ֮أǵǳ׵ʱ̫֮Ǿˤˣ񲻿ϧˣ
ȴûȥӡ
ĿڷͣȻ󵭵صİ֮İ֮һˣҶҪˡ
仰һ̲ס
˵֧֪ΪΣ̲סԼ롣
Ѳɡ
ǳʲô
ܿ죬ǿ϶ԼԼҪֶܹߣͷˣλȵڣ
ңѾôûгˣܲأ

ǰЩȥˣŷ˳
һ룬Ҳ˿
ɫᣬǱ˰ɣҲֻһֱɸ˰ˣ˽֦Ҷֺα
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Ǿֵؿ᳤ȫ׳ΪλͻȻ˵һ仰ˣĵһӦǱ⡣
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ȴȫûı⣬ԹԵؼ˵˵ǸʲôԻȻԸ֮˽һ𣿡
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˵Ŀ˵һǴ⹫ЩɫѾʵҲûʲôһ˵УҲϵݱЩѾҪһЩѡ
һˡ
͵һ𲻽òʲôôһ鱻֪ˣǿ϶ǻûģֲɵʲôŵôῴ
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ųǴźٿ컹Ʊ磬ȴҲ֪Լ˵ʲôֻ¶õġ
ûȷ֤ݣҲ˶ŭԼˡ
ԡ
һΣıܲ˰ɡ
뷨ڿֻ֮࣬ͬʱҲ˿
ҲͻڳӰ֮µģСųô꣬ǿԵõһսˣôܲأ
ڣβġ
¶һЩ̵ĹŹЦݣ䣿ǣ˵ҪлĺŮء
õǡġֻ־ó֪ûн۵ŮҲóŭѡ
ܽѣʼȥ֮ǰҲǰ㺦ۣǲǳ⣬ͬʱлʳӵĽңºβҲȫûȥۡ
ϾŮ
Ϊ۴㣬٣Ӧ۵˼
ڣȴãǵ͹ĺݶһô꣬ǿ˵Ŀ
-

550 

һ߾÷ŭһ־ޱȵĺ
һģǵ˱һһ¶Щˡ
㡭㡭ʳָָ˵һĻ
ȻѾͷȻǰԴͦñֱôûйİȻ̬ų
ΣЦһĺŮҲȷʵǼΪ۰ˣĽ̵֮£ĺŮòƢԣ˸ʮʮ
˵ЩԹ
ǺǡЦ˺һżǲǾû۵ҵŮǣĺŮҲûҵɹأ㰡һв˳ĵģͳߵԽ׽ˣԽĶ󡭡
ۣҲȷʵЩԹ޵ġ
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ѪԵۣŮ⹫ڳ̬ȿҲʱףǻйĽ֮ġ
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£ƽʱûйκεľأȫȻӵġ
ЩҲû֡
ڳǿݵλģȻһŻʼҵѪģֻû˼ҵĺһǵĸ׶ѣʲô
ԣҲûҪΪ¶ȥѵۡ
ݣ۷ˡ
Щ
ȴǱһһϵġ
ȷʵǿųܹĸӵģԾ㳤ôҲ̡
ǣŮȻҲ볤һ̬ȣΪҪһȣȴζ̵ġ
ԹһۻʲôҲˡ
ľķǺŮ˵ʹˣǺŮеʲôˣǸһƾֱʲôʲô
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Ҳ֪ǳʲôԴӵһ԰ĽޣǶʱ䣬ģܻ԰ﶺʱʱĻǽһȦ
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֮£ȻʱǽĿˡ
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ܹóޣҾ֪ңҲԭ֪ںһϣǼΪġ
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ܻ֪ĵĻеίƽ
һȥģ֮ᷢչһЩҲˮɵˡ
ЩǳۣȫȻ֪ġ
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£ô뵽ȷʵûгȥˣֻǳѱ߲ݶѡ
ۡ
ǲ뷨
ҲΪˣôһʱ䣬䶼У۶㲻֪顣
ɺ֮·е£ȫûаϵһ𣬶ֱȥΪ⣬ۺ϶ѡ
۶û롣
֪αװжɹ
Ҫܽѣֻ³һʱҲ뵽ͷ
-

551 ʹ

ɫĳЦȴǰδеĳ죺ǺŮһĴ
ȷʵﻰ
Ǵôᱻƭ˶ʮأ
⣬ȴҲñ
ΪӣȴҪһŮ˵Ĵӣ񲻾Ǳ
ڣǿԲŮˡ
ҲǻȥˣһѾû·ˣֻ¶ǲʲôýģȻѾעˣʲô
ʮһﻰȴؿڼһҲǵͨ죬ǰһķڣͺʱʹȥһ㡣
㾹ң㾹ҡһĻ˵ˡ
ȥʮ꣬һֱǼΪģݣĽ⾩ǵľʱǰ°͵ġ
ڡ
Լͬ˶ʮˣڸоİͬʱеĽȴҲ˲䱻÷顣
𣬾óһһǴˣȻָı˵
ңЩչǰģֻһżѡ

ȴΪż棬ûմմϲ
ֻЩ;ޱȵķ̡
ͬʱҲñ
ⲻһ꣬Ƕʮ꣬ʮûһ̿ˣΪƴӶⲻѣܲñأ
ڲ鵽֮󣬳쳣ķŭԭţ֮һҪݺһơ
ڣŻȥˣȫκ֮ȴִûˡ
ǻҹȵֳǻΪ֮󣬾͸ˡ
ǰԼӵ࣬ݣׯ̫;ĵ۵ĳ谮ԼСƴӵɷ򣬻һ˫ŮΪԼӵŮҪһС
ֱ֪ЩõĶֻһĭһơ
ڣĵׯ̫֮УҲΪǸƭʮĻˣŮ˺׹Ǹ竡
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ǣ棬ȴãԼôҲʱ޳ҪȻΪˣ
һ룬еⶼӲ˻ȥ
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ЦһȴҲ˵һˡ
ĸˡ
ãһҪʹһҪʹˣܺһЩ
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Լ丹еĺӡ
Ҫ˰ɣͻȻЦûѳͻ۶ԼĶŮǰ˺ЩǸҲûŮ˵丹еӣΨһĺˣ
һ˵һοɫ
Ȼᵽ䣬Լеĺʱɫ
ó⣬ͬҲ÷ŭˡ
ڳֻһ澶ѣеĺҲͬǸ֣һӣĶŮᲢأ
ƫƫ۵ĶŮȴǽһļַϣܲó÷ŭأ
ڷŭͬʱ뵽ܹеĺӴ־Щʹ졣
ҼȻ֪£ȻҲͽס˸סЦһ㵹ҲǼ澲ܵܵլ
Ҫܽѣ鵽լֻҲ뵽ͷֻᵱǱĵܵܵլ
ԽԽǷŭǵ±ҷˣ²¿丹еǸС֣ôˣ
ԭܱ򶨣ʱ˵ȴЩ಻סˡ
ͬ˵ȷʵǽ丹еĺӵΨһĺӣӣʵǼΪڴġ
֮ǰѾˣȵǰգӱɳȥסϼգҲڵһʱ俴ĺӳ
ˣкŮһǳ
ϾΨһĺӰ
ڣ䵽˳ֻ֪֮еĺֻ¶кýôܲɫأ
ʣ˵еĺӣʹ
-

552 

ɫȻ֪ԼʹȽޣͬʱ־÷ŭ
丹Ǹôںһ˫ŮȴǱ죬ó͹ܹܣ
һ̣Ǻ޶
ҲΪޣ˵֮ʱﶼЩԹ֮⣺Ǽݺ۶ҲǱָʹİɣβϲ۶Ҳ⣬㾹ȻֻҪǱ۶ôߵĵزܱȥף
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ȻյܽȺͳţǶʱ̫æµûеһʱصһţֱյ˵ڶεţһд˻š
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ұõ躸һҲֻ躸˶ѣ۳žҪﱲˣܲأ
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559 ɳ

սһٲп᲻ĵطۣԵֶǵˣҪһСġ
ܽܲԼЩ룬Ҳ֪룬һоһᷢ
ҲΪˣʱܽBǰ糣ʵϣһʱʱŵġ
ֱյļ顣
ܽ˼ӦǼΪ˽ģԣԼʱֻǼԵдһЩ躸Ϊ֪BжɵʱԶһЩīдԸʱȴҪϸࡣ
ԸϰȷʵǼ츳ȻŽϰҲͽӽһӣΪ㹻̿࣬ȴǴüΡ
˱߹֮ԸҲûھźŵ竣ĸŽս
һʮ꣬һս֪սϵĲпʲôĳȻһǽʤˣԸȴɫҰ׵˿ʱ
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ܽһľǱξһʱʱۡ
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ܽҲͽضҪһ뿪ģһֱǣȵǲٻˣָδ
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ڴ֮ǰҲһŵѣֱͻû˼ȥʸֻܴҴұսӴһһΪ
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ܽʮǰĽٵʲôˡ
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ٷȻ㣬ֵôҲϰٺˣԸôһ˵ĳɼѾǳˡ
ҲûٿԸ
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560 ŭ

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ܽ˶٣ȴǻһתʱǾʹڸﲻҪˣʱ϶˳ɱˡ
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564 ټ

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ⳡ񱾾ǴȻƵλġ
ȻģܽԽͬġ
ţ뵽£ضˣǽһжǵˣŻĵ
ֻϣһж˳˳ģһңĿžˡ
ܽû뵽ǣûȵĵϢȵȵ˷ʺ빬
ܽڷʺֻǸֱֲ͵޸ѣҪǿԣʺǾԲ빬ġ
ڣʺƫƫ빬ˡ
ǳڷʺԼԸ
ܽòǡ
ǷʺĻǴ𰸾ͺˡ
ֻ¡
ʺ֮Իʱ빬ǵ˾ĵ۵ɡ
ܽǲãĵ÷ʺ빬뽫ڹҪĻǾĵ۾ĺͽ˺ˣԿأĵ۾μɵڽҲضʱ¡
ôĵʲôأ
ܽһҲûµĵ۵⡣
Ȼ벻ףҪģǻʺ٣ܽߵö·ƴǡ
ԣ˷ʺĿ֮ܽҲûе飬ԼھŹ͵һ˹
Ƿʺ٣ܽһ·빬ȻǳͨģܿҲ͵
ʺѾˡ
ܽʺ¶Цù˸ܽȻŵƽ˴ҲûʲôǲģǸˣ빬ű˵˵Ҳǽƶˡ
ܽϹȴ΢ӡ
ˣƶ
ʺ˵Ļ֪ԼŲţܽǲŵġ
ǡܽЩı÷ʺ϶һûӵ޸֮ܽ󼸴μŷʺ󣬷ʺϿǶΪ׺ͣʵȴ۵׵ûôڡ
ǵ˾ĵ۵ķԸԷʺܽλأ
Ȼģܽȴһܳ˺һЩصʺպپˣֻ˳빬ǣгڣûʺپƵģ
ܽĵģʺ΢΢˳顣
˵Ҳľˣ˵˵ʲôŵˣҲһˡ
ʺλйЩΪȹԼĺλҪĸɫ˹ĶǣһǰҲͬҪάסԼĸµķ緶ûһ̿ķ
ֻһʱҲˣʺʮ궼ˣҪ˵ۣȻǲܵġ
ҲΪۣܽôһԲװǻƵʱڷʺ˵⵹ѵõķʱˡ
ҲΪˣȻܽĴֱǼΪϣܽ˵ʺҲĿʼȫˡ
ڷʺ˵ʱǼΪɹģȻҲΪϧ
Ȼˣ˿Բ˵Щ͸ˡ
ܽüɫصʺȻƣǳ檾͸Щ¶ˣڹ϶֪Ƿʲô£檸˵ʱǳ˺öĴϷˡ
Ȼ㵸Ľ룬Լһξ˵һ顣
ʺ
Ȼ˵ӣʵЩ۵ġ
Щ£ѾǶˣǰô;Լڹͻһ㶼֪أ
ȻʺҲûдܽĻ
ܽ˵ˣЩδصʺ˵˵۹ж̫ʥϰǵſ˳һڵԼǺãΪƤŷޣǳ˿˰ɣ
˵һ㶼ûֻˡ
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565 ֱ

ʺܽһۡ
Ҫǳֻ¾Ҫ˹ܽ˴һˡ
ĳʺһʱЩЦ
ųǱˣֻҪһˡʺҡҡͷ
ܽΪȻʺ檿ɲڱų˵Ŀɾ䶼ʵ㳤Ҳǿһ㲻˵ġ˵ˣʥ㣬Ҫ̫밲أ⻰ڻʺǰ˵ģôᴫĶȥأ
Ȼ÷ʺһʱ֪ҪʲôķӦˡ
Ѳɣ˵ׯ̫߳ߣὫǵĻȥ
ʺĪЩ
ܽĻû˵꣺˵Գ֮ʥϺͻʺ̫ˣҪȻҲ˰裬ϴȻ˵һͨǵ˵ָʹߵѾЩ˵£øòȥĺףʺ檱ϷҪԩ
⻰˵˵ţֻûˡ
ܽ˵ʺüͷ
˭ָʹЩ£ʺȻˣңΪΣһֱڣ֪˭ڱء
ϴγ˴·ʺȻ֪ġ
ΪշʺȾ˷纮ЩãȻӵͨȴҲֻ֪ǳܽʱʱܻһʺҲûϸʸɣԾֱ˿֪ܽԭճֵȥΪ¡
ʺһ˫ü΢΢šҲȷʵЩˣľܽ°ͷˣ
һʺ˵ܽʱͼˣԼĴһ£ǻʺ˵һˣ˳ϲңǳԵĻʼҵķƷȴرʵ˲ܲп
˵󣬾Ȼҡͷˡ
ʺ΢΢һ֮ЩЦá
˭ӣҶԼʺƷͷģ
ʺһξã⾩еҲֻǰ˲ôĵˡ
Ӵ󣬶ʵ̫ںֱ
뵽˴ʺڴױţЩԵ
ܽԴ˲Ϊ⣬ʺ⻰ɲ̫ԣ檴СҲǱĸ׳ųģ檵ӾûôԵ
˵꣬ڵķһۡ
ʺ̲ס
ڵ棬˵ׯ̫Ů޷
ÿһμˣʺܻԼ͹˵ĴǺ
ЩǴׯ̫ĶȥܽضǻԹģׯ̫Ϊ֮뾰ĵ϶ĵǵׯ̫뾰ĵҲǶԾĵ۰ڸѡ
ǣʱׯ̫ŮĽˮƽ˵⻰ܽˣׯ̫Ҳˡ
ĵۻΪ˼Ž񣬴Ӷܽׯ̫ûĹ˼ˡ
ׯ̫ʹˣɲٿô࣬˵۵ŮôһŮȥĺףں˼ʹҲûʲôã˼ʲôȻôʹôˡ
ʺãǼܴ죬ԲŻôĵӣ͸ׯ̫ˡ
Ȼʺɲܽ
ЦЦǿôߵ˶˳ҲֻŻԣر㣬Ҳ¡
ܽͷɲԳ檣ֻǴźȥ㣬Ϊͺѣ˭֪һֱҵǸѾҲȥ˴£ɺˣֱӾ϶˵ѾǱָʹģˮζ̵ģ
ʺܽ˵µ飬΢΢һ١
ԭ
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ʺҲû̫¡
֮ԻôЩ£ȷʵǷʺֵģֻһѾ߶ѣһһ߳ԾĿͷѾߣбԹޣ£ʺֻʩѹˡ
˹֮ûлȥҲǷʺ֣Ÿһӻ֮ڵһʱͱҵ
֮ԻɲΪʺƣ䣬ó֪Ϊʲôơ
ʲô֪Ȼ֪ԭȴ޷ȥ˾ܡ
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566 ܷ

ʺóܣ֪࣬ȴֻš
ֻǣʺȴû뵽Ȼûҵ䣬û뵽ǣ侹Ȼ͵һȥ

ԤƵģɻҪ÷ʺӿ⡣
ţʺϵЦݶҪ˼֣εȷʵǽίˣҲܵǣʥѾϼӿպ󶨲ٽˡ
ܽԣӦֳЩ
ʺ״Ҫ˵Щʲô˹˵
ʺҦ˵ˡ
ܷˣ
ܽϸϸţļղܣȴ˺һûȻ
һܽµӡ˼ҵķˣοֱʺ
ţʺɡ
˵꣬ʺŤͷܽ빬˵˱ҵһ͵ӽ
ԭǷʺá
ʺǾǵĴ壬ִȻ֦ҶïģеŮΪڶ࣬޵ĶУܽ᲻֪ʺĸüȥ˲˼ңҲġ

ʺйʺģҳһЩĽöܵСĹעλʺܽܽȫûӡ󣬿֪ڷҶȻҲĬĬŵġ
ܽŵʱĹŮѾλܷ˽
ܽſ˹ȥ
һǽܽΪ⡣
ܽλܷǷʺ㣬ΪҵŮ㲻ԺһҲŵĲǣɳܽǰλܷˣ빬ʺ󣬶ǴһɵѣļȻŻȴѹĿʽ
ЩҲͰˣܽԾȴǣλܷôҲһλٷˣƤȴǰ㲻𪣬żΪڣڣϵƤǳĴֲڡ
ҪǷʺ˵㣬ֻܽ»һũ
λܷʱ֣ź⣿
ʺ˵ǣеģԲŻܽ빬˵λǰݹӽҪ빬ܽɲľˡ
ʺһȫ˵㵽֮ˣοִܻأ
㷽ʺˣҲ˻ѵġ
ƫƫ
ľͷˡ
ôλܷˣк֮
˵ʺҪλܷ˵ĳ֣Щʲôأ
Īģܽ뵽˽¡
ѾʥˣҪBȥ߹ص£˵ǰվ͸з˲ǣƫƫһֱڣﶼûаϢ
£ʺܽ빬ôһλܷͬʱ˹ܽɲмûа
ţܽҲ˾
˿λܷˣֿ򷽻ʺ󣬵ʺȻУǳ͸ˡ
û˵꣬ͼʺҡҡͷ޷˵һ˻֣˵Ҳüų
ʺ˵ˣܽȻ˵ԼǵҪߡ
ǣҲ˳
˲ʺλܷˣ̾Ϣһ㣬Щ꣬ǿˡ
һ⻰ܷ˵ۿһ죬ѾЩỨˡ
⸱ģֻһ۾ͻ֪ȷʵ˲ٵĿ
ʺְο˼䣬ܽЩӣŵǱе㣬ڹʱ׽ˡ
ܽ˺һˡ
λܷ˽зǷ֦ŮŮ֮壬ҲǷʺ㡣
ʺȲܷҪС꣬ͶԵ׾ͼΪ׽ܷԶ֮ʱʺ֮¿ʹһġ
ܷȻңȴǷ֦丸ڷҵĵλҲߣܷ˵ķȻҲʲôԹ󣬶һܷ˵ĸཻĪ佫Ķӣܷ˵ķ丸һǾеһС졣
Ȣ˲ܷ˹֮󣬲ܷ˵ķͱȥ˱߹ְʱ»飬ҵĳܲܽС޲ų׾Ҫٳʱķ룬Ǳòܷŷһȥ߹ظΡ
һȥʮꡣ
Щܷһֱŷڱ߹أؾǵĴָҲܼʹЩܷ˵ķξǣŷһؾˡ
ʺʱܷ˹ϵ׽֪ܷ˻ؾ֮Ȼһʱ˵˻ȥܼңòܷ˵˿빬һˣԲŻвܷ˽빬֮¡
֪λܷǸոմӱ߹ػõģܽ͸϶Լ֮ǰĲ²ˡ

ŷʺ˵λܷ˵ķӦҲǸС죬Ǹոմӱ߹ػģôҲ뽪ܽϹϵ
ʺⰲܽλܷˣǺ⣿
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567 Ŀ

λܷ˵ݣܽûʲôɵġ
ܷʺҪλܷ˱Щʲôܷ˱ôһضȷʵôһˣҲȷʵݡ
ҪȻ
̫©ڶˣ
ǷʺûܽҲֺ׾ͻᱻһۿ¡
Ȼ벻͸λʺʲôܽҲȻʺѾ˴ǰˣܿҲͻ¶Ŀˣȫļ
Ȼܽ㣬ԴӲܷˣʺĻһֱλܷ˴ת
㣬Щܿˡʺ˵Ƕ飬۾ϰ˰ȻŲܷ˵֣㿴֣ǷҵŮֺܹȴĥ㣬Ҳ÷̫ƽˣǲǲܼҿ㣿
˵棬ʺѾһŭݣвܷ˵˵ǡ֣ҪȥҲָܼ˼
ʺӣҲȫȻӡ

ʺʱҲȷʵܷ˼Ϊ׽ɡ
ܽ롣
ǲܷˣŷʺЩӣæʺЩʱţܼ˸Ҵĥң
ʺԣȴЩŰɣģ
ܷͷȻġ
ǣ֡ʺüͷšýģλ̫ҽһЩ֬һʱЩȥʱЩ֬ϸţҲġ
ܷæл˵ʱͶЩΣʺģĶҶʱŵģȵЧٽлʺ
ܽѾЩģ뷨ˣЩʵܷˣֲִֺڣ˷ҵĴĥôŪģ
ܽãʺôĹָԼ֪£ȻҲͲôѾ˼ȥԼʳˡ
ǲܷȻǸϷģܽʳ˿
˵Щ˷ЦܷЩ˼صЩһֱڱ߹أ߹ȻƾĹţ߹صĲãɳ󣬶ͷھ˵ȥ˱߹أ˭ĴĥֻҪɹϼ̫ͻòˡ
˵ܷʶԼֲִڵ
ΪŮӣûвģܷҲһ
ȻǷ֦ܷ˵ڹʱҲǽʳĳģ˸ľ̡廨뻮һСӶᵣĺð죬ҲѡͷʱԼɹˡ
ʱĲܷˣõгһգ⸱ģأ
ܷ˵ķȻ佫Ҳ֪ˣЩҲȷʵûԹʲô࣬Ψһòܷ˲ģҲȥ˱߹֮ͽڴֲڵƤˡ
ֻϣ
ʺҽƵĸ֬ðɡ
ţܷ˵ﵹҲЩϣ
ܷܽ˶Ա߹ɵþĬһ
ڴ֮ǰһֱŷʺԼܷһǺ⣬ܶĿܣԼ̽ڽ£˵òܷڱ߹ôһ㣬ԼЩ
ǣܽôҲû뵽ʺΪ̽ҲΪĻΪˡ
Լȥ߹ص뷨
Ȼܽе㲻˼飬ܽҲ벻бʲôˡ
ھĵ뷽ʺԼͲǸˣܽ־е׾ĵۺͷʺ뷨ˡ
ķ޿Լôһǳ޴Ϊһ֬˴ֵŮˣ֪ȥ˱߹ò˶һͻܷһֲֺ֮󣬶ñ˵һͻȥ߹ص뷨ˡ
ܽԼȥ߹أ˳֪ȻҲͲǿھĵ˵Ҳһֱסˡ
ò˵ĵ뷽ʺѡĽĽǶȣȷʵЩʼδ
٣ڴ֮ǰܽʹûۺķʽ¡
ܽۺǰ㣬ǸִַǳŮˣôʣŲܷ˵ǰ֮ǲԸȥ߹ģҲһ˾ĵ뷽ʺԸ
ʱˡ
ҪȻ
ǡܽƿ壬֪ģһΪܽ׵գҲֻһֱھĵۡ
ܽһ
Ȼţܽȴһ𾪣ؿŲܷˣܷˣ˼ǣ֣ΪżҵĴĥΪ߹ص̫ˣɹģ
ֱܽ׵ʳܷ˾Щġ
뵽֮ǰʺĶǵ˵ͷ
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568 

ܽΪ𾪵죬ԭ߹ôһƵط
ʺЦ⡣
Ѿ˼ôһϷҪŻܽģܽϵıסˣȻǸ˵ġ
ţʺһο˲˾ţ߹ȻʺŮӳסǳھǣȻǲĵĵġ
ܷҲͷǻصˣҲر߹ȥˡ
ܽʱȴǲʺ⻰ɾ˵ˣǰҷд˼Ӿ£֪ʲôʱܽЩӴˣΪ˲һҳʱķ룬˵ʥˣӵ߹ȥأ
ʺͷһ
ɲΪ£Žܽ빬еô
ԭΪûн¸ܽܽʱŻһ㶯ûУϸ룬ܽǷޣҪ£ôʲôܽ˵أ
ֻ
û뵽ıôõ£ĺ÷˻ô׾ͱס˰ɣ
ңǱʲôΣסˣǱ߹ص̫ɹŵˡ
ʺһʱֻĵ֮С
ãҲΪôһֱ̫ܽˣŽܽô治֪£úõı׵˲ӡ
ͬʱʺ־ˡ
ھĵ۵˼ʺȻģܽиͻƿڣξĵ˵Ļᱻвס֪ҪΪء
ڷʺŵʱֿܽˡ
вУһȥ߹أĵطҪȥˣҲҪøܡ˵ܽͻȻʶܵ˵˵˰̣û˵ļӲı˻ȥȻŲܷ˸ЦһܷˣҲ˵㡣
ܷ˸ˡ
ǿֱֻڿѡ
Ȼ˵ֻҪ΢ῴɫһˣֻ¶еǿ

ܽڷʺޱȺֱˣȻ֮ˡ
ԣܽһҵԭܷ˶ҵҲм˽⣬ͺˣҾһС˵ʲôִ˲ܷ˵ʹˡ
ܷˣ
Ҳ֪Լڴʹ
ܷôأ
ʺ󣬶ҲĲô򲻵õģʲô취
Ϊ˲ܽһ仰Լķιӣܷ˸ɴҲͲ˵ˣ빬ֻΪֶܽѣڼȻĿĴﵽˣֻҪĬˡ
ܷܽ˲ûмƽԼʧԣּǰĻ⣺ʺ߹ؿȥãҪȥˣòһ£ֻҾ͸ûˣ˵˵ôģЩҲô𣿡
һԹûꡣ
ܷܽıԹֻλ˻ǵ
ڻʺĸǰǰʺＫΪ׽㣬Ϊʺݶþÿ˵һ仰Ҫ˵ϺüŸҿڣô͸޹˼ɵŻʺ󵹿ˮأ
ΪλȨظΪôƢأ
ܷ˵ǾӦǰߣֱָӦǺߡ
һʱ֮䣬ܷνǼΪӡ
ʱܽѾĿˮˡ
ʺܽһͨˮϴŵ΢Цοھȸ֮أҲȷʵȥ߹غãҲΪڱ߹أþʼյ˷ȥ߹ص¡Ҳ̫ǣҲǿ㡣
ĵ뷽ʺȷʵġ
񲻻ܽһҪȥ߹أֻҪܽԼԸȥһھǡ
⣬ǾĵۺͷʺҪġ
κ̰֤ݣһǲڹ֤ݣڽ񣬾ĵȻǲһζǿӲģܣȴû취ˣܽԼԸ⣬ʲô취أ
ܽȴǳΪ˾ĵһý޷Ľ
ۼܷܽ˸סˣôҲȥ߹أʺͷҲһɡ
һ澰ĵ۽еķǡ
ôʺĺλ˵ޱȹ̣ʹׯ̫ϵׯ̫ھĵ۵Ķ˵ʲôûþĵ۶Էʺ
ԭȻΪʺ뾰ĵ֮ĸж񣬶Ϊʺ⹬˽⾰ĵ˼ǸˣҪǣ˽⾰ĵ۵ͬʱܶʱ򣬷ʺܰžĵ۽һЩþĵ۶üֵ¡
ͱһΣòܷ˵ľסܽȥ߹أǷʺ֪˾ĵ۵ķ֮⡣
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569 

һ˽ԼԼǵߣ˻ԼķޣĵܲǾطʺأ
ĵ۵ĿأǷʺ֮е֮
Щʺ
澰ĵ۽һ鷳ҲĵλȹһЩ
ȻʺĵλѾΪȹˣʹˣЩʺҲûһ̷ɹ衣
֮УĽϣȫһ˵ϣǸǾĵۣҲζʱпܱ߲ԨΪԼΪԼĶŮǣʺǾԲҵĵġ
Щ˼ڷʺһֱ̫ܽˣҲΪһž۲Ż뷨ǲȥ߹أǰҲҪ㣬ֱֱģģǷǲˡ
ܽͷ
Ϊװ£ܽʱҲԵЩԵ÷ʺ벻ֶС
⼱ӣסˣȻˣȻȥɡʺʧЦ
һ⻰ܽһӾվʺǳ檾ȸˣ
˵꣬Ҵ򷽻ʺ˸񣬾ͳȥˡ
Զˣܷſ򷽻ʺЩһѾصʺλˡ
ܷ˶֪Ҫܽˡ
ʺЦЦЩڱ߹أδйӴھǶһʱ䣬Ȼͻ˽ˡ
ܷ˵˵ͷ
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ܽ˹ţ˹˿
ʹȻܽȴ֮һÿһ빬ҪķһϷʵڲܽԸ
ҪǷʺټǾԲ빬ġ
ڣǳˡ
𷽻ʺ㣬ܽһʱЩЦá
֪ĵǲ׾ͷԼǰ߹صģֻܽԭΪĵۻǿƽԼھǣȴ룬ʺȴػصķӡ

ҲΪĵ۲ļŭýʱκͱ
ĵΪԽӵʱȴֻѡػصķʽ⣬Ҳѹñˡ
ܽ̾Ϣһ
Ҳھĵۿ̫ſǿЩʵûôҰģֻҪһԲһס˵İȫѡ
ֻѾԽΪɵľĵۣǲһġ
ˣôıֻΪһ˶ǰ߹žأ
뵽Щܽҡҡͷ
ȻʱĵۺͷʺӦȥˣͽյĿģ׻Ҫȥ߹žۣһҪB뿪ģôڲۺע뿪ǣ֮ˡ
̤г֮һ·ϵİȫ⣬ܽǲεġ
ͽѾƻˣȵB뿪֮ʱһڻҲһ뿪ЩǽĲ£ÿ˵ֶΪףȻ̫࣬ھΣԱͲЩУȫȴݵġ
ΨһѵǣѾʱ˾ĵۺͷʺǣҲ֪ĵô֮ʱʱעŹĶûһʵɣҪǿ뿪ǲ̫ܵġ
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Ҫһʲôأ
ȵͣĶʱܽѾ뵽һʵˡ
е˼ˣܽԼű
BԴܽ빬֮󣬾һֱЩģ֪ܽˣɩ˶ɾһûȵܽصԺһӭ
BܽҲ˼һԣЦŵBBôˣ
ûлشܽĻȴǽܽ´һŵĸףû°ɣ
ܽʧЦ⺢ӣǱʺٽ˵ȥˣʲô£
˵ȷʵܽµӣBȫˡ
һԺ
֮ܽ󣬿BصBBҪ˵һҪϸˡ
Bɫһࡣ
Ȼܽû˵ʵҲܹоõģԴӽ躸ԸսǿƽʵЩƹܵġ
Bãܽʲô˵ǶȻĵģǼȻﲻʲôæǾ;Ҫܽ鷳
ԣһֱڣ˾ЩԣʼҲûжʲô
ڡ
ܽȻҪ˵һЩΪҪ£Bܲأ
ĸףʲô˵һϸġB
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570 ֪

ܽ˵ͷ
֮ǰûB˵һȥ߹ص±Ҳû䶨ҲBû£С֮»˵©졣
ڣȻ¶Ѿճ̣ٹÿǾҪǰ߹ˣܲ浽̵ǰһŸǡ
򡭡
ǲ˵ˣֻҪԼȥ߹أмžۣBȴǲһȥ˱߹ؾζBԺѼˣôҪһЩʱ䣬˶žһ¡
ˣBʱҲͲôź˰ɡ
ܽӹĻᣬBͻҴǶʱ䣬ʵҲǳĿˡ
˵ܽһټĺˣֻǽıĶѣԼ£ضϣ뾩֮ǰ˶ž۵ġ
Bעţܽٹá
˵˶٣BһۣǾҪȥ߹ˡ
ܽʱB˲ôõԤУȵܽ˵꣬Bһͻһ仰ѿڶȥ߹أ
Ҳһɻؿܽ
˵ȥ˱߹أҲֻǻ˸طѣȻߣȻBӦ
ǣھǳģҲϰ˾ǵһУͻȻҪȥ߹أȻҲɻ󲻽ġ
ţܽ̾˿֮ǰǶСеĺܶ£Ҳûϸ˵ʵϣǸ⡭
ܽٵΣBϸϸһ顣
Bôסˡ
ڴ֮ǰǴûԭڷı֮£ǱΣǣΣھĵۡ
ܽȻˣȻֻ˵һ룬ֵ佫µľǱϡӡǣʷЩӡǵ佫ûһܹյģԣǸҲܹˣȴǲһˣһһʲô³˵
˵ֶܽһ£ʱBӦһ¡
СﶼЩ˼ˣܽżȻ˲ãǸ׾ֻԶ뾩Ƿ֮ˡ
һ˶ȥ˱߹أûʲô߱ĵˣһԽЩĹͣۻֻҪһҲʲôͨ£ôĵ۾;ԲͼԽ֡
Ǿĵ۵ԴŶԽ񣬶ļɵ٣һҵİȫȴˡ
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ܽţʱѾ˶ơ
׵ģҪŮͶϱƽȥ߹ء
ܽB̾ϢһBBҲ֪뿪ǣ˷룬ȷʵЩΪˣǡ
Ҳ֪ҪΰοBˡ
BĬһȵ̧ͷܽʱȴĶǼᶨĸף˵ҼȻ޽˽ңǽҵϱҡȻҲȥ
Ȼ᲻Ӻϣ᲻ҵˣB֮躸׽ˣ躸δĺӣСһֿܷġ
ԣʹмΪᣬBȴһ㶼ûбֳ
ĸףģȵ֮գҲĺȵġBᶨص
ܽ˿
BڱضǼΪģܽ˶٣ֵȻҲ˱ۣȵһڱ߹ذٺˣǲʱȥ߹ߣȴҲǿԵģҲľټˡ
BԣҲ˿
Ļܻи롣
ܽŽշʺ빬ԼһӦʱõۺſģӳ⼸յߣӦҲǲµġ
ǵBBȥ߹ɽˮģǻû뿪ʱͶɣҪ뿪»ñܣҲż˵𡣡
B˵ͷ
뿪֮ǰúžһⱾѾ֮ϲˣȻʱ֦ڡ
B޹ҲаˣӣܽȻҲ˽ģBͷҲٶ˵ʲôˡ
ŤͷʱĺýžۣҲǵ͡
ˣЩһͼˡ
ȻǱضҪȥ߹صģܹһЩźܽȻԸġ
˵ͷ
ܽBһ֪ô£ֻҲܵ˲Сĳ㳯˰˰֣ҲҪʱ佫֪һ£ͻȥЪŰɡ
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571 Ϸ

BԣҲܽ˱𣬻˸ԵԺӡ
ܽ˵һ֪ô£һǰû£һʱĻܲ˱Ҳǳ£ҲȷʵҪʱȥúһ롣
ȵ뿪ˣܽϸϸ˼
ǰڻع·ϣܽѾӦԵۺĶԲˣҲȷʵһ
£ĵ۾㲻ܽ뿪ǣϣܽһҪߣĵҲǲֹġ
ˣĵҲ÷ʺŪôһˡ
ҲΪĵ۲ֹܽ뿪ŸܽӵĻᡣ
ֻҪҵһòȥ߹صɣһǾĵۻǷʺ󣬶ûˡ
ʱ򡭡
빬ŷʺһʺֻ˵Щʲô
浽ʱʺһܸӰɣ
龰ܽͲЩЦ
*
ڶһ磬ܽҲûBԸȥ˾
ϵʱܽɫ糣ƿ׼ǰһ˲䣬ȴǻһŭݡ
ܽûеȵʻڲſھ˳Ȼŭľֱߡ
Ȼܽ룬һע⵽ܽһŭ˾Ͷˡ
Ĺͷ˭ǵ
Ѿʥ˿ˣóһ˳˭
һʱ֮䣬һĻ˶ﰵԴ
ܽȫûвһ㣬ŭɶس˲
һ벮ĴţϺѾһõϢܽ˶ŲãϺϾʹһɻӭ
Сãǳ˺£Ͽʵ
Ҳһеؿܽ
ܽһϵĻϵŭɫĸףҪң

ܽ˵ϺϵһӦǶŭЩš
Ͼ
ôܽΣǳ۾˶֪ģ϶ǰʮܽϷһ֪ȴ֪ġ
ܽӱЩ»Ұռ˵ʮ꣬㻤ֻΪ˵ȵһܽعĿܡ
Ҫ˵۸ܽǲŵġ
ҲΪţЩˡ
ʲôŻܽ㶯ŭ
ϺϲûԼһֽ񣬷һɵؿԼܽ˶ţĸףɩ
ϱܽѵһ֮ٸˣһЦһߵúúãȽȥٺú˵˵Ůʲôǵ
ǿɻ԰أΧѾӿǲ٣Сеģƽ˿Ц
ܽʱأԸȰŭĸףǲ֪ǰд˼ȻҴͬBBȥ߹أ
ȥ߹أ
Ϻ΢΢һ١
ҲͰˣٵˣ¿ñһҪ͸࣬ٵΣ㲻ܿȫЩоõġ
ʱܽBȥ߹ء
УĪǻʲô⣿
뷨ϵɫ˿Χˣܽʲôǽ˵
ܽȴһʱƢˣûҪϽݵ˼Ǽйеŭĸףⶼʲôʱˣ˵߹ʲôĵطھǴô꣬Ҫȥ˱߹أ²һ¾Ҫһ̿ˣϵĹ˵ƶҲŵ֣˵˵ܲ𣿡
̲ס
ⶼ˵ʲô
ܽлеĻһʱǺǺЦһ޿κεӣѹЦ⣬οСã÷ͺȥ߹أֻҲһžۣҲǺ¡
ʲô°ܽ޷޵صʺ빬˻ʺһλ㣬λܷ˾ڱ߹Żؾģǲ֪ܷڵģִֵġ˿һ۾Ͳٿڶˣ
ϺϵǶ̲סֱ顣
£Щλܷ˵Ķȥ
ΪŮвģλܷ˵ֻҲǼΪģҪܽڱģⲻƽ׵
æһܽĻһ֣ܽһߵСãһ·϶˰ɣȽЩٺú˵Σ
ȻܽԺķ
ܽһ߱ߣһµĸףɩҲܣҿɲȥ߹أҲŲҲɺͲܷһأҪһ硭
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572 

һѽܽסˣſû˵˵Ļ
ôǰܽⷬǱˡ
뿪԰ӣܽҲͬˣΪ˳ӵıԺߡ
ݣϵܽ˵ʲô֮ûѾͲ㣬ֱӾͽ˶ȥˡ
һУϲЩεصСãҲ
δ˵꣬ϱ̲סҡҡͷ
ʱѾûˣܽҲϵŭɫϺƽ͵һЦĸףɩǷģҲôȱ۶
ǰֻ֣ΪϷѡ
Ϻϸɻˡ
ܽ׷˺£ʵ
ҲܽȻڵĻش
ܽһĸףɩȷʵҴͬBBȥ߹أֻ
빬˵һ飬˲ܷˣҿɲֻһɺϣ޷ǾʥϺͻʺﲻ뿪ǣԲ辶ķӣȥ߹صͷˡ
˵ܽЦһ
ĸףɩҲ֪ǰЩȷʵ˲ٵĺͿ£Ҳֻ˴ֱɻӡ󣬴ֻʺǾãķѾ㹻Ŀˡ
ϺԾԡ
֪ܽЩôµģȻ֪ɣҲܸоһܽ͸˸һ黹£Ȼͬ
ɷϵǣܽȷʵһˡ
һƵΪһ֬СֵˣԶ׼ʮְģһˣΪԼƤɹڱôֲڶܾȥ߹أҲ¡
һϣʺǷǳ׼
ֻ
ܽѾǴǰܽˡ
лЩɻ˶٣ʵСã⵽ô£
ܽȻڣȻҲûϺϵǰǽB˵Ļظһ顣
ϺԶЩʧȻûв֮ģʥȻǲŵģǷĽһжʱһֻûצĲһʲôĽǸδ֪֮˼ǣ佫һ˵İΣʥϵʴ֮ϣԼԼһ·
ǳ·ڱ߹ء
֮ܽ⣬Ϻϵ϶¶
ǡܽ˵ģձʺ빬ȴ˲ܷ˵£ʥϺͻʺҪ˳뿪ǣ̸ף
ܽЦЦʥϺͻʺٲֹ뾩Ҫˣɾǽһ߲ˣԣڲҪһҲò뾩ǰ߹صɡ
ܽһϷˡ
ϴʱȴšüͷܽʥϾ㲻㣬ɰ
˵ͬʱϵǡ
ܽ԰οĸףõģҶ֪뿪˾ǣҲĵġ
̾һ
֪ܽҪ뿪ǣǲǵǡ
ڣܽһߣԶ׼ĽֻѻģΪĸףȻûвᡣ
ڣܽЩ˾ĵ۵⡣
ʹôǣܽǰ˵Ҳ˵ȰܽµĻ
ԣϵҲֻǵܽΣ㶼ҪעⰲȫͺǣǰʧУ
ܽͷ
뽪žۣζͻԼBİΣοBУǾԲвصġ
ԣܽҪ뿪ǣҲһڱ֤ӵİΣǰ¡
һ㣬κ˵֪
úǵİΣȥðյǸˡ
ܽȷʵϱҲûٶ˵ʲô뵽ܽٹþҪ뿪ˣϵ¶
ˡ
˵϶ܽĸȻôϼĴ󲿷ʱ䣬ܽôƵӣòСƢתˣɩ֮ദҲúĲ˵ϵĻûܽ˵ûء
ܽҪߣȻ᲻ᡣ
ͨܽǰһҲ֪ԽٵһУǲ뿪ǣָ͵̤ʷЩյ³
ԣôᣬϺ϶ֻ̾Ϣһδ˵κĻ
ܽϺϵɫΪ˲Ǹ˸УҲֻǿѹеĲᣬЦĸףɩҲùǣң㽫һҲûؾǣǻǿԵ߹߿ġ
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573 

ȻϺ϶֪ܽ˵ҲֻοˣӴٲܻи롣
˵
ľͿȥ߹ؿܽһأ
һ룬ϺϵľҲ
תƻ⣬ܽǰ˵ǷҡͷЦСãʺλ㣬ľôڣˣ㷽ǷǴȥˣҲ϶Ҫ˵ˡ
Ȼܽ룬û취һھҲܺڳʲôӡ
ɩҿǾǳĻˣҪǲ˵ĻŲءܽһʣҲ̲סЦȻǴ˰Щȥ˼˵Ļһ㶼ţλܷˡ
ܷ˵ģܽҲɵҡҡͷ
Ȼǿ뽫ЩȥڽҪøܷһƤֲֺڣܽҲͬſܵġ
ھѾڿʼˣûʲô취ʲôֹܹɹڣ벻ʲôЧķ˱߹أҲֻܴڸﲻţ߳žͽԼʵʵġ
֮ܽǲܽԼɹģ
˵ˣɻû˵أһˮСҪҲɹܽǿ޶޲ˡ

ܽھǣҪǹעⷽ£ó˵̫ҽ˵ϢҪĵۺͷʺ֪˵
ܽ룬˻ظ֮͸дţǰѰһҽĴ򣬿ܲҵ֮ҲǷδȻˡ
߹࣬ԼͺǹøһЩֶֺΪ
ܽ˵ͷˡ
Լ뷨Ϻ˵ˣôҲҺBBǽŮɲܷģ
Ϻ϶ʧЦ
߹أ˶뵽߹صĿ࣬ܽĿ಻⣬Ż᲻ᱻɹڡ
ܽ״̬Ͳѿٶڽڱ߹صеġ
ˣҲͺˡ
ϿܽĿ⣬Ҳɵñ
ΪĸףʱԼĺӣֻҪ֪ĺӹúãʵѾˡ
ܽ⵽ϵĿ⣬һʱ̲סɬ
ڲ˴磬ֱ쵽ʱˣܽŭδ뿪
Ϻ֪ܽ뽫֮ǰЩȥܽ뿪֮󣬲ûжԸ˼Լǵ֮£ܿģܽǷͱ˳ȥ
ǣûöãǵǱ㶼֪Ҫ˽ȥ߹أ˵Ը¡
ȻˣһΪ֪ģȴܽԲܷ˵Ƿۡ
Ϊ£˶ڲܷ˵ǺҶʶһ£ڵϾҲŵжڡ
ԣ⼸գܸյ˵ݵİ
ʼʱܷ˻ΪЩ֮ԻŰݷãǿ˷ʺϣﻹΪء
Ȼǽ˷ʺĹ⣬ΣŻصǣĽ֮д򿪾棬Ҳһֵø˵¡
ûãܽԲܷ˵Ƿ۴˾֪ģܷ֪ΪͻȻ֮ôķ˵˵ʱˡ
Ȼ֪֮ǰܷ˾ѾϰЩ˵Ļر˵ܸأܲͻȻ֮ͱл˰ɣ
ԣļգܸӭ˲ٵĿˡ
һ˫˫۾ԼЩ۾֮еľ֮̾ɫܷ˾ôΪ˲˵ˣǰҲֻܶһЦ

ڽЩÿӦ˹ȥ֮󣬲ܷ˾빬ŷʺʹһ
Ҫ˵ܷҲٵˣȴΪܽһ仰˵һΧۣҪ̵ǲˡ
ʺԴҲΪΡ
ǰҲˣŻòܷӣӶܽҪȥǵͷʺôҲû뵽ĺ
ܷ֮ܽǷʺǺǺЦ
Σܹܽᶨȥ߹ص뷨ʺõҲֵˡ
ڲܷ
ʺȻᲹһЩ
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ܽⷬΪȻB
ܽΪλôЩ£Bȴǳɻ
СԲɻܽЦBBǲǺɻΪλὫֵ˾֪
Bһͷ
ȷʵɻ
ǰ߹谭ҲǾĵ۵ѣܽ´ȥҲܸı侰ĵ۵뷨
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574 

ܽЦЦǲֵ˾֪ˣǽֵǲòߵʱʥϺͻʺͻ˷ӽھǡ
ڽֿˣ˶֪ôһǵʱܽźҪ뾩ĵۻҪϾ;Բ
BһһĸףʲôǲŲòߣ
ʵû뵽ʲôǱҪߵɣһþĵ޷ɡ
ܽ˿һۣǸдŹǲȥ߹أҪأ
Bһ
֪ܽ˵ֻһܣδؾģģҲֻܽͽΪܹ˳뾩ҳһڶѣǻʶľЩš
˶޷ңû֮ܽ󣬻ʲôӡ
Ȼֻܽһʱ䣬һܽΪѾ㹻ȥЩеĲöӺǵĨȥˡ
BǸŵģܽʧЦֻ˵˵ѣǲ˽š
BǷ
ĸףˣ
֮ܽǰÿÿԼĸףܻвƽ֮⣬Ϊα˵ĸ׶һǻĴȰԼĶŮǹػĸȴûκεĹİ֮⣬˴Сܵί󲿷ֶǵĸס
֪ôˣǲԼϣͲֵĸ۰
Ϊ뷨൱һʱ䣬ǻԹ԰֮УǺ躸̬ϵĲԣֺԸһοǽ̬Ť˹
ҪȻ
ֻµڣǵһֱԹ԰֮С
ҲΪйľŸϧ֪ȥʮĸô£Ҳ׷ףֻҪĸһֱ۰ãֻҪһֱҲˡ
ңûĸףͲ֮ܳΪˡ
ҲΪˣǰܽ˵Ļ֪ܽܿ˵Цģôš
BҲһĽš
Bӣܹ֮⣬̶ܴΪһԸš
ദB˵ܽԼĸףȴҲܽΪΪ𾴵ĳ˵ģΣҲϣܽ뽪֮κεıʡ
ܽӵɫҲһƬůڣһһңḧBͷǷģһ˳˳ȥ߹أ躸Ըž۵ģʱһҾͲʱʱ¶ҪСˡ
߹Ҳʲô֮٣һҿԻøɡ
ȻBܽ˵ﻹЩ⣬һ¶ͷ
ܽЦЦҲûټ˵ʲôˡ
ҲŽӴЩûãһ˵̫ˣǲá
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֮˶ʼܽӵȥˡ
ȻܽԸȥ߹أѾ˾֪ˣҪ˶֪ܽĽǲǻ
˾ѾôˣǰҲŭҲֻǲȥ߹ضѣҲᶯŭġ
Ҳ˾ãȥЩ꣬һֱ˷־أȻȥ߹žۣҪҪֻܾҲһֱǰԶˡ
ϾȥϷӣⱾӵı֣ҪıֶǾٺӵˣֻҲҪŭġ
һʱ֮䣬ֲͬ۵ʱģΪļ£Ƕ˲١
ڷḻǰղ෹̸һϣò˵ܽǾӹΰġ
֮УµĺҲܿΪ֪ˡ
ΪöûеȵܽĻţûеȵܽBǰ߹أܿ죬ĵڶž͵˾ǡ
ԭ˼Ҳ޴ӵ֪£˵֪ˣܲסܽԼֳ˰
յĵգܽ͵ӽڶվ빬ʺ
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ʺɵþȾȳ檰
һ߳ŷʺǱ˹ȥܽﻹһ߷һҽС
ʱܽǸոսʺ󶼻ûüڵĹ˶ǲȥأΪйλľĹǲ٣Ȼһ߿ִŲζİһڵĹŮ̫඼뱻һ
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575 

⧲ܵţڹٻЩʧ̬ʧִ˶ġŵöµġеġ
ʤö١
һڹʧ̬֮Уôһ˲֮С
Ҫ֪ʺȻͰȴҲһعͷˣﵱֻҪԼڵˣȻǺùģǵʱʲôӣʺͲôͰˡ
ҲΪˣڹΪ˾Ŷʧ̬ƽʱȻӲͷġ
һα˵ĹˣǷʺԼҲͬܵ˾š
ܽĲҽУܽһˣзʺһʱ֮䲻ɵûɣԼﲻоĲг
ҪȻ
ܽһѱһıסȾͲţ
ͷܽ˳ֽϵĲҺԼķĨǷʺʹ䲻ˣҲһʱЩһŽܽ߳ȥĳ嶯
Ȼˣ嶯Ҳֻǳ嶯ѡ
ǵݺʺþԼеѹǹӳ嶯ӲһŲôͰЦʲôѴˣ
˵꣬ҲûܽӦʺˣ콫˷
˵ֵʱ򣬷ʺ
̵Ĺˣĸóʺ˼һʺ⻰֪Ӧʲôˡ
ǣһȺŮ̫һΧ˵Ƿ˵ǳ
ܽʺȱ̫ˣЩֲ̫̫˵ʺܻܽЩʱ䣬ǽܽӷʺϸ
Źǽܽǿˣʺ˿Ҳ˲ܽڽлһ䣬ȥƫϴһʰų
ǵһȺ˴ӵܽǿƴƫ
ʺԼǳʱ䣬Ͻȥѡ
ֱѣٿϵĲۼˣʺǾòôϢˡ
ڷʺȷˣһһӼϲ̨ˣ
һɴ˿ɼʺܽжʹˡ
ҪǱˣڷʺǰ˷˷ʺѣʺ϶ͷϳˣƫƫܽˡ
֮£ܽһݣǵۺ󣬶ҲĲô򲻵õġ
ˣʺλǿԼķŭأ
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һһȺִӵܽ˳
˷ʺܽôأһȺ˻ǰܽʰһ飬һʺľѸܽϡ
ȻǾѣǷʺľѣҲʲô˶õġ
ܽԭѾƽ࣬һŷʺֿʼˣҪһץֵֻ֣óŷʺ˹ȥˡ
ʺ̲סְ̧˰ͷ
ôһΪݶηĻ벻ߣǻʺҲͷ۰
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ܽĿһ١
ıʺˣٲҴޣֻر죬˺һֹס˿
ǲˣոտ޵̫Ͷ룬ǲˣȴǽϵĴſá
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ܽŷʺľѣڷʺףʺһ仰˵˵žʹһá
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ǵŷʺ棬ʧǣʺûκεĳʹֻһ㣬ͿԿóĵλҪ
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576

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ܽЩίصʺϾ˵ģҲģͬBBȥ߹أҪˣ
һ˵ܽ۳žҪγһƬˡ
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һϣʺҲЩĽܽġ
Ľܼ޵һԸԺõķ
ЩȻ󲿷ʱ䶼ڱ߹أݵλ֪ģһŮߴգˣҲûˣѾǽԺÿԽ͵˵ˣ˵Ҳûġ
ܹܽٵ˼ܲĽأ
Ҳ֪ǱʺοˣܽҲģ귽ʺⷬܽһͷʺ˵ǣҲ÷϶ȥ߹أҲ֪ôˣǵñȥ߹
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ܽȥ߹أ޷Ҳ뽫Լ߷ŵߣ˾ͿԲܾĵ۵ĳˡ
ʺãҲȷʵǲΣԲ޵вĵۣдŴߴܽǰ߹ء
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ܽȴȫûвʺ뷨ﻹЩʵصȻʺﶼ˵ˣҾͲˡ
ʺֱƲͷٿܽȻˣȻҵļѾ˽֮ˣͿЩȥɡ
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ʺԣԥصջЩҪҪͲˡ
ʺ˵ܽЩ뿪
ܽ뿪ʺɵóһ
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ʺֻϣ²Ҫٳʲôˡ
ܽӹ֮󣬾һ֮ǰĲ״һֺģ
ʱһЩӦ빬˿ɶ˵ܽǰģ빬ģôͱһɶЩɻ
ǳסģûܽϹͳѯˡ
ԭΪǲܴܽʳʲô뵽һʣܽȴͲһĽ˵һ顣
ĩˣΪصʺ˵ˣҲŻҰˣҲŲᱻأ߹ĵطζȥģ
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577 

ܽ⻰һʱ֮Ҳ֪ԼʲôķӦ
Ѿͨˣ˿ǲΪӣѳ
Ҳôһֱˣ
˵ﶼɵЩᡣ
Ҳ֪ǳڼʻǱģﶼðһͷҪˣҪ˻ֺܲġ

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һ룬ٿܽϵĵ⣬˱ĪЩϷ뷨
²ؼֻҪԱ߿žˣֶΪأ
ܽɲ֪ЩЩʲôѻ˵꣬ǰҫһŵȥ
ֱʼǰУܽһ
ÿһνۣҪڷʺǰ¶ȷʵס
˵Ҫ˴ǰġܽµĵӣҪǡܽʮһգŻڣôô׾÷ʺ϶ľǸʲôŷʺŪĴأ
Ϊ˲Լȥ߹أĵۺͷʺҲȷʵ㹻龫ˣķӶó
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ôɴδˣôҲʼˣвΣҪһ˹˼
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˲ɵЩˡ
ֻһȥ߹صĽڣ˵֪˲ȥ߹أԲŹôһΪľǹˣ
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˾ɲˣҪҪˣЩˣﻹܵȵأ
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Ҳ˾ãӣλȨصӣ˭Լķ޹һӵģ£ֻҪޣ˭Ҳ˵ô꣬˵ǶûʸˣԲһﻨ
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Ҳþŷ˶ӿܽˡ
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ôܽҲֻ˽ҪʲôܽˣЩ˻ֻܶܽЦӭ
ÿܽ¶һЦݣЩ˶ɵ룬ȵˣǰɵܽˣʱǵҪƣܽܲޣ
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Щǵ̬ܽҲһ޷ǾԼòĶű˵õˣЩᣬʶľ뿴˵ù
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Ҳһڷǵ֮Уһǵִﾩˡ
֮ܽȴ˲Ͱһ
ڴ֮ǰͻļдݣʵֻͽĬ֮һϷѣΪľܹܽB˳ĴӾ
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ܽ뵽һʱҲʶսżֽͰ͵ġ
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뵽ڱ߹أսϵĽˣBһۣиǵˡ
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ǴŵǵܽŴ֮лع
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ϣǸҪܽǰ߹أ˵ܽٲʾҪĻ
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ܽ˵Bеģ֪𰸵ĻȻ
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579 

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ܽҪģǾĽһж׵ȻȻͿȥ߹ˡ
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ȻδĸףҲܸܵõܽĺĸ飬躸СɽˤʱܽǱеǱƽ޿£һѾܹһˡ
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BǶھǣ׿ھǵһȥ߹أBҪԼ˷룬ⱾЩǿѵģBͷβûйκεԹԡ
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ǰ;ýֻƶѣȻˣԼж϶ˣʺȻġ

ܽšüͷȻ޿
˵ܽƢԣӦüΪǰ
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޵øˡ
ʺɫȴЩѿ
뾡취Ĳŵܽȥ߹أ˵ܽҪţбʺҲܽ߳ǰ벽
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ܽⷬʵҲ˵˷ʺȥġ
ںһУʺȷʵ˽ĵģĿģ÷Ѻ׵ˡ

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ֹһŮˣѲɻֹһԼӵĸ
ǣܽŽģǰεĹֻ֮ʱ̬ԭͻᴫ˾֪ˡ
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581 

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ܽڷʺһ󣬾˫ۺų˹
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˻ظ֮󣬺ܿ죬뵽һƬæµ֮У˵˾ҪŮͶϱһǰ߹ء
ȻҪ뿪ˣȻҪʰܶණġ
һ㣬ͦ˵ƢԵġ
߹Ȼ࣬ҲʲôõطƢԣܵԼøһЩҲ
жʱȻҲв˵Űݷá
˵ˣҲ˵ҴɩԱ߹ڽսΪΣյҪȰ˼УԭҲǺ⣬ȴŭˣ˴һܣ˭Ҫȥ߹أƻ뽪Ҷү֮ĸֵĻ
˵ĴɩֻĽҲĻ˵ˣȻȥȰ
Ͼ
˶ã⻰ȻԵЩƫˣʵҲмֵġ
Ҷүˣʱ˸ϹȥϣôҲЩġ
ҲΪˣһʱûйܽ᲻ǰ߹صˡ
ܽʰΪ۷׷׵ʱ򣬹ľĵۺͷʺȴô
ۺ˻˹ˣԶϵı鶼ôÿ
ĵ۵ʵЩ
񾰳뱱սȱýʱҪĵҲѡôػصķʽܽBھǡ
ڣֳһǵһǻʺǿܽھǣ
ԭΪ֮ǰڣѾڰֹʼҶй̬֮ЩˣʱŽһžֻֻۣˡ
ĵǸȻʲô˼ɣ£ĵ۲ǻ֮ˣʷ¡ʥ֣һȻҲҪĹ˼ɡ
ҲΪˣĵŻñûš
ǾȻһӱƵֵزܲգ
ǡ
ôգʱ򣬾ĵҲֻǿš
ʺʱһʥϣСӣսˣ
ȻΪ񲻻˵ѣʺǶһ䡣
ĵ۳˵ͷ
£֪Ϣ֮󣬾ĵ۾ȥˡ
ҴȻͲ󣬵ս֮Ҳ˸֮磬ʼʱΪսֵЩɬܿӦұֵ÷ǳ䣬ս˲ٵĹǸͲ׵ˣǽҴȥ˱߹Ȼûж೤ʱ䣬ȴҲ˼
ʺ˵ͷ
ĵֵ֮ǰһӳ̽飬ֱྫϢľű߳Ǻ󷽶ʮԶĵطڻسʱ򱻱һӾ֣ƴŻص߳ǣҪϢ˱߳ǣҪȻ
˻ǱЩ಻ˣһҲѪˣΪ˲оĽʿֱֶӽһɽͨˣڳһɹһߵһ֧һͻȻ˾ʿǵĺ󷽡
һֱͱڱ߳ǵսں󷽣Ҳͻ˼ַͻϮ߳ǣ˵ĻĽʿǴصĴ
ԣԸصϢҲȷʵǼΪҪġ
ֻԸȻص˱߳ǣҲϢ˽ԼȴҲڱ˵׷֮ˡ
һ㣬һҲûٵġ
еֻ֪Ըսˣ֪Ĵ󹦶ܵˣκҪܽȥ߹أֻ¶ᱻָű
Ҳˣĵ۲Ÿκεľٶ
򡭡
ҸսϱԻ˴󹦣ˣ£ĵһԲǾЩ˵ȥˡ
Ͼɴûйս佫ļҾ죬ҪھΪʵĹء
ĵ˵꣬ʺҲЩͷˡ
ԭΪСֻս˰ˣȴ뻹еɡ
һ
һΣĲˡʺ
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582 

ĵ۳ĬһȴЦһҲȷʵȵǳ˾ǡ
δ˼Բˡ
¾˽½սĵ۶Խʵ̫ɵˣѾɵ˲ʲôĵز֮£ĵζӽļҾ쳹ƿء
ԣ羰ĵ˵ǰ㣬ܽ뾩ĵȵܽ˳˾ǣһ취˸ߵġ
ֻҪϣֻҪܺģһھĵ۵ϡ
ˣھ뱱ս½֮󣬾ĵ۾ЩʲôҲ˺ܶ谭
ĵ۶Ѿ뵽ôԶĵطȥˡ
ʺ뾰ĵദô꣬Ȼֻ˰䣬ȴҲ㹻׾ĵ۵˼ˣɵﰵ̾һ
ʺŮӣĵںЩδػں֮Ի뾡˰취澰ĵ۷ǣҲֻΪҪþĵۿôӶȹĵλѡ
ԣ뵽ܽ˾ǣҲĵִ߹أʺЩӡ
ܽˣʺﵱȻǲκεĺøеģϴܽڷʺһͨ޺ԼӵİҲʵ÷ʺ˼ָ֮ͬС
ܽȥ߹ĺӣϧǣûĻǵ˱߹صˣǴƹҲסĸӸһ涼ˡ
ҲΪ뵽һ㣬ʺŻ̾Ϣ
пҲֻôһ˲ѣʺ΢΢šüͷʥϣҪ֣Ǿһñ֤һʧǣȻ
һٽܽˣȻõģ㱻֪ˣѾǵͶ֮£ôŭҲ춯
Ҫʧˣܽˣֽн֪£ΪŭԱ߹ֲ֮ܣǾΣӡ
㽪̫һΪ˵ϲŭþա½ʿİΣڲ˵ˣڼ˵ķŭ֮£˭Ҳ֪ʲôǵĿеģʵڲòǡ
ĵ۶ԴȻģ˵ͷпǡ
ʺҲ˵ˡ
ΪǰԤ֪ܽ˵ĽпҲֻһʱĸпѣЩˣܱȵԼԼĶŮأ
ĵۿɲ֪ʺЩʲôѾĥţʱҪɳˣ˳ܽ˴ˡ
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Ϊһæòɿܽȴûеæҡ
ȷʵץʱʰʵϣܽͽôЩҵˣЩǲ̫żܴߵĶʵ̫ˣװ϶ʮδܹװ꣬ܽĿǿִ߹أҹζ࣬Ȼǲܴô·ġ
ܽĴǣBűҪֺһЩ򵥵װУڱ߹;ˡ
˵˺͹ȥеҪҲûʲôܽͽӵģҲһҵž۶ѡ
ΪʰװһƬæҵʱܽȴԺܹܹ
Ȼǲܽǰ߹ˣܽҲ󵽣Ծĵ۱ֳĶԽļɵͷǾԲܷԼB뾩ġ
Ŀǣ˾֮󣬾ͻһȺٷǵȥ·λӽµľǸΪλнٷ˵ĴڣЩٷôĵӣļҾ춼ҽӣǾ˭Ҳö֪ˡ
Ҫˣܽ˾ĳҪЮˣΪǵĴڣضᴦƣԼ䵽ʲô³ǾĲֹˡ
ԡ
Σ鷢
ܽ롣
ܹܹ밲һ뾩֮ʱԱġ
ܽ׼ܶˣ֮⣬Ҳ̵ѾߣʵϣҪBУҪչˣܽѾ߶
ļˣټϼ򵥵ʣµģǸЩˡ
Ļÿһӹ֣Щ˶ԽĹǻǰ߹أܹܽһЩ
ĻһֱܹڹŵģܽҲ֮ǰ˽øһЩ
Ҳûܽȣܹܾ͵ˡ
̵ܽ˶£ȻſܹܣܹܣٹҾҪͬBBǰ߹ˣлԱôŵģ
ܹǽĸܶ¶ֵģԾܽûаѻ˵ôףܹҲܽ˼ġ
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583 

ˣһʮǴսģֶ൱ףη˺ӷˡﶯǰ߹أЩ˶бܹܵЩսϾɱģ˵һ٣ҲһʮˣڣҪҪڰ;أˣôҲܶԷɷġ
ˡ
ֳĶɾʹˣǾĵ˶֣Ҳûкۼ
ܽҲ˵ͷ
ЩڣǴеİȫٲ̫⡣
ĵ϶Ҫжģĵ۰ŵ٣ȻκεӰ죬ĵȫܲˣҲ޷ʵ˺֡
ԣܽҲϣҪõ֡
ܽ̾һ
ͽͼҲһԲѣǷڱ˼ңײ£ƫƫΪЩµĹ̫࣬ôһС¶Ҫܾɡ
ڣܿ죬һҾͿžˡ
ܹܽܵ˵ͷǱ˰ŰɣڸˣԸȥ߹صģȵҵ˱߹أһвԸģǾͷǵҲԲһְɡ
ܹӦǡ
̧ܽͷ˿ܣ̾һһ뿪ǣԺӦþѻˡ
ȻܽĻһžۣ׾ھǣ׻Щġ
ܹԣˣлٻġ
ܽЦЦ
֪Ҳܹܵİοѡ
ȥ˱߹أǾûнǣˣһҲܸõһȡӦõĶԱ֤һҽİ
ʱĵֻ¶һҶ֮ǣҪĻصǣܲ뿪Ǹδ֪
֪ˣһȻԼİΣ̽ĵ۵̬ȡ
ԣܽŻ˵ԺؾǾˡ
ֻҪһ˶ڣﶼǼңܻܲؾǣǲҪġ
ˣ棬ȥ߹žۣҲǲܵ¡
ţܽҲѹ
ˣûˣȥ°ɡܽ
ܹӦ¡
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ΪܽöװУƻַǷʱҪܽһ뿪Щˣܽյļֻ֮նѣʵѾ׼ˡ
ܽû׼ĵ뿪ǣ෴׼뾩֮ʱֳ󶯾
ҲΪˣܽBԼʮ뾩֮ʱϵŴе˶콫Ŵסˡ
ҡ̼ҡҡƽ
ȵȡ
ܽõ˼ңʱϸŴС
ôĶԭ֪ܽ˽ձҪҲ֪ˡ
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УⱾͲʲôֵø˵£ϵɫôÿܽˣǸһĲѹͬʱִ֮ɫһ˫׵лỨ
Σ˼˶̲ס̾Ϣһˡ
˵⣬Ҳȷʵʮƴģһƴ˻ֻһˣҵҲһ·
ⲻҵСӾˣ
˵˼主Ҳһܵ˵ġ
һʱɸпѡ
ܽӣһ߲һʵĸףɩˣǻȥɣȵпٴźǻ
Ȼһһϧ
˵ҲЩ˸Уܽ뿪ѳɶ֣Ҳֻ˵ЩףĻˡ
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ܽѾûԶˣϴμ棬ԶһҪýõµʱ
˵£жȻǼǿģӦԶҪ֮󣬸֮󣬾ٶȶõ¡
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Ҳʲôʡ͵ĵƣ֪Ҳ֮󣬾ǰûбǷ֪ҲõѡˣԶ֮ǿǽģô֡
һתۣϾҪ˵Ļˡ
ܽȷʵΪԶҪЩŭö֮ܽѾ׵ԺˣҪǽͻȻԶ¡
ǵģһԶܽͲµιĿġ
Ȼ᲻ܽԹеġ
-

584 

ѾҪ뿪ˣܽҲԶװʲôŮϷ룬ϵ֣һḧϵıοΪԼģһߵƳԶһۡ
ΪǶԺöŮģܽ
ȻƽԶĶУȴмּڽ
Զһŭ
ƽҲڰԼ׵磬ǲҵģССѵܽ䣬ȴһġ
ܽףܽˣֻѵ⼸䣬ѵ˵ʲô
ѵĻѾߣȴԶָ˻ȥ
ܽ˵ģȷʵΪжΪ
һʱԶǿݣýͷӦһ˫ŮõĻ¡
ʱԶΪ⣬ΣֻҪһǵˡ
뵽⻹ûأɥ¾ͱ˸˳ҲŰˡ
ԶѾ˼õ£ΪϲԶŮȥӵģɲΪȥң
һܣﻹԼĶŮöף
ԣʱԶʵ˽񣬽¸ġ
ôҽ񣬽û¶棬˸񴫻ҽˣȴֻҲΪ
Ϊ
ԶȻǲŵġ
ھǿԺߵˣֻȡҵĻԼѣʲô
ɲԶôţѹͼŽ棬ʲô취
ûȡõĻԼ׮ԼٶȱԶ׵϶ûʲôȨһֱ׮¶Զûô׹׷ʲôء
Ҳǹ˺ܾãԶԷӦˡ
֪Ҫֻɽ棬Ž氡
ٺ
ٺȥ˱߹أ͸ܼŽˡ
ԶҲףõĻ£˵ǽΪ˸ܽһѵģ£ҪǿԣԶʵҲܽǰġ
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ԣôŭԶֻܽеʡ
ٴγܽһΪеЦݣԶܽ˵ʲôҪ뾩ˣ׵Ľ֪ܲټһ棬ȻҪһġ
˵꣬Զ͵ܽӻ
ôҲܽĸף˵ˣܽôҲӦʾɡ
Զû뵽ǣ⻰˵ϰˣܽȴֻۿҪ˼ûС
Զ
˳أܽȫûҪӵ˼Ҫѿ
ԶЩˣʱҲͦͣҪըˣҲûзҲϵЦݿЩŤ˶ѡ
ΪʲôϲܽŮ
ΪѾͷκγϣκǰӣ͸ĸףĳһ
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ͲһˣԶΪ죬ÿα˫Ůǳ羴ĽĿעţԶͻԵӿһΪ˸ĺ顣
Щȴźܽûиܹġ
ˣԶܲԽԽƫأ
ԶɲԼκε⣬˵ıǳƫ˵ģһ׵ģܲϲĸŮ¶ܾɣ
ЩԶһ
ԶҲ֪Ůֻϣû׵ģʱֻ֣ĲĻҲֻԼ취̨ˡ
һԶҲѿѿβεˣ˳֮ǰĻͷȻˣ˸֮⣬һС¡
ܽ΢΢˹ͬڿһСһ㡣
ֻԶһۣڿʲôЦСһ㣬ȻϵֱۻһǲԶ˵ˡ
ϣ˳ܽת˰ȦͷβûۿԶ͸ûһӵ̬ȱֵײ
Զɫѿˡ
ãһһ¾Ȣϡ
ҪǾѾͿ˵ӣĸ󶼲άˣôȢһŮΪأ
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-

585 

οһ˫ŮСͲ׽һֻϣ
ЩԶȴҲˡ
ܽ׵Ĵûʲôܵõ£һҪһѣ
ŭ֮£Զ˵ʮִʱͽ˵ע˹
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ԣԶһ˼Ҳǰ׷ˡ
֮£ԶҲװʲôȸˣܽ㿴׵ģҲòϣףܲܲϣҲûʲôΪѵ£ֻҪѿĻˣǶһźףԺҲٸʲôˡ
͸ܽռʲôıһ
ܽЦһҲͰˣҴûʲôʸѲҪЧ񻰹޹ǻ𣿡
ԶԴŭ
ʳָżָܽıǼ⣬Ҫ˵Щʲôȴ˴ˡ
ԶǴҪܽÿĳԶˣֻʱִôҲҪܽ뾩֮ǰе˶úÿܽТġ
۽ǵ⿴֮ȴǽյýģٲҿˡ
ģǹˡ
׼ȷ˵Ƿʺˡ
ԶܽǰŸ׵ݶ磬ɲڷʺǰܣһǼŮˡ
ܽҲŮ
ΪߵüܽԼ֪ʲôʱܹȷ˽ҪߣҲȥ˸֪ͨġ
˵ʺǲӦ֪ʲôʱǡ
ƫƫʺ˾ǵˡ
ȻڹڶĶ֪ܽģҲû̫ȡ
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ЩǷʺʹˡ
Ĳ˵ٱϣԱֳʺܽĿصġ
ܽȻżŮһԷʺĸмֱŮת뿪ſϣĸףҪˣȥɣȵڱ߹ذˣʱȥ߹߿
ϴ΢ЦʵЩɬġ
ȥ߹ɽˮģȻôˣֻܽ˵߹һġ
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ĵģܽһ˵İΣֻҪ֪ܽȥ˱߹ػãҲûôˡ
ܽͷǵСŮһҿߣõңֻҪŮкǶúõģҲͷˡ
ϵĶܽıǼһᣬ
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͵ˣЩ֮£ǻ˵ġ
ܽ躸ĺӻʲôģϵҲʼЦݡ
ܽҲ˿
ȻҲû϶˵ʲôǳB֣СĴյϵߣϱҲû˵ܽBϸϸ
Զ
ӷʺ֮Ϻܽ㼫ΪĬֱӽˡ
ԶȻǲĵģɹĻܽķԸ֮£ֱӾͽԶ׼󺰴еʱ־ͰĺһţԶ
һԶƲˡ
һֱܽ˶ˣBסԶŽԶƵһȥ档
ԶòվΣȴѾʻˣ׷ʱʱͷһ۵Ļ׻ͣԭء
ŭš
һӿͷԶѾԶʵ̲סȥķ޺޵ŭһ

һЩע֮⣬ȴûκεˡ
ڷй֮ԶȴΪ
ܽûͨһ˫ŮָôأѲҪó
һʱ䣬Զ
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586 

Ѿ뿪ܽˣȻǲ֪Զڵġ
Ȼˣ֪ˣҲˡ
ʻһξ룬һ׻ûסƿ濴һۣԽԽԶĳţʮ꣬ûôСҲһɬ
ĸסһ
Ȼܽ˵ֻҪһһȥﶼԣϾҪ뿪ʮĵطûʲôоأ
ܽû˵ֻǰοֱġ
BҲۿ
һСǰͱˣB˵ŽƽأһͻоеһʱЩ̲ס
ô׼浽˷ֱ֮ʱмܲ˻أ
ǷַֺϺϣӾøˣҲͻϰ˰ɡ
ĸпʻǣнԶ
ȻѾ˾ǣܽûоʹ˷
𿴷ʺ˹Уٱʹͣܽţĵһô׵ľ뿪ǵġ
ϾھĵۿԼǽߣڱͼΪɵľĵ˵ߣôܰװ׷أ
ԣһ·ȥ߹أضϾĵ۵ˡ
ֻܽҲû취ȷĵ۵˵׻ʲôʱ֡
Ӧòž̫һ˾Ǿ⵽ɲǸûз˻ģз˻ŵĽٷֻҲǲžôĵطֵġ
Ҳž̫Զ
ԶҪȫ˾ǵĵؽ磬ɿصɾͻ࣬мٳʲôӣͺб¶ЩݵĿˡ
Ҫ˷־ĵȻȥܽˣ¿ɾûаתˡ
ܽЩüͷҲš
Ǵд˼ʮսĻһɲСսĵ۵˱ض֪һģһ˷֪ģԷ˱ضԼ١
ǱߵҲȷʵ׼˺֣һ˻ܽһнͷ⻹ϴ֮ͨʱ˽͵ܽʱ˵ġ
Щھ͸ϵˣܽȻǲĵġ
Ǹгˣܽ뵽£ҲˣȻ˹ӦЩ˱ضԱ֤ܽƽĵִ߹ء
֮ܽԻᵣٳʲôʣΪŵʵûе
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ҪԭȴǣܽʵЩԸơ
֪Ը֮ܽһľһֱ˰еģǲۿԸ£ôҲܷġ
ԣܽŻȽ˵ִ㶯
žǽϽһ·Ӧǲʲô󰭵ģǰ漸ǽٶȷһЩҲǿ뿪ǵĵؽ֮ǰȵЩ˵ġ
Уǲʲôʵġ
뵽ܽüͷҲչ
ܽЩʱBҲĴ֮ǰ֮лָ˹
ֻ档
Ϊң˶ѾʮˣBѾ׸л˺ӣ뿪Ϥĵطȥ𴦵ľ飬ȴǼٵġ
ǰ뿪ǣҲȥ㣬ȥׯסգԶţȴǴûй飬һ·ƿ󿴿ҿģΪ档
BйԶŵľҲǵЩһΣһֻп־Ӱﻹã
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ܽ״ʧЦų˳Ŷã·ǰֲû߹ġ
ܽͷBҲһЦ
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ǳǵķȥµķȥ㣬ǿҲ߹·ٴΣʱû棬˵ҲΪҪȥ߹أȥ¡

뵽£ĸףҪ뾩ˣ֮ǰǲȥһɣ
ܽЩ⣬ܿҲͬ顣
á
ܽʹտʼ⼸ҪУ鵹Ҳ㲻ıˡ
ҡ
ܽҲȷʵȥ㡣
л۾ʦ汾µĸɮⱾܽԴµ˼֣ԸˣһʱҲܸϵԸߣȥԸҲܾЩο
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587 

һ룬ֵܽߵò磬ȥ˴£ôҲҪˣٴӴ뿪ҲҲʲôʺ޵ĵطڴЪһɡ
Ըܼǰڵг̡
ңBУܽҲ¸·̫Բ
BܽԣȴЩɻ
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BɻܽҡҡͷҲǼģҲһġ
ܽһ˵BҲٶˡ
ǶãܽȻľǱضĵģǵòŴɰʵס
Щ˷ܵصððȥ˲ٴΣûڴ޹أ
ң뾩֮Ժֻٲȥˣ֮ǰȥ¿Ҳʵ
һ룬ֵܽߵò磬ȥ˴£ôҲҪˣٴӴ뿪ҲҲʲôʺ޵ĵطڴЪһɡ
Ըܼǰڵг̡
ңBУܽҲ¸·̫Բ
BܽԣȴЩɻ
ǡBЩɵصĸף˵Ҫĸ߹𣿡
ܽȻB˵£Ҳʲô˵˵ģͱ罪ŵĺ֣ΪΪҪֻܹܽܶ˲֪Ȼ˵СҪ첻ϣ֮͸¶ʲôȥע⵽ˣǾҪˡ
BɻܽҡҡͷҲǼģҲһġ
ܽһ˵BҲٶˡ
ǶãܽȻľǱضĵģǵòŴɰʵס
Щ˷ܵصððȥ˲ٴΣûڴ޹أ
ң뾩֮Ժֻٲȥˣ֮ǰȥ¿Ҳʵ
һ룬ֵܽߵò磬ȥ˴£ôҲҪˣٴӴ뿪ҲҲʲôʺ޵ĵطڴЪһɡ
Ըܼǰڵг̡
ңBУܽҲ¸·̫Բ
BܽԣȴЩɻ
ǡBЩɵصĸף˵Ҫĸ߹𣿡
ܽȻB˵£Ҳʲô˵˵ģͱ罪ŵĺ֣ΪΪҪֻܹܽܶ˲֪Ȼ˵СҪ첻ϣ֮͸¶ʲôȥע⵽ˣǾҪˡ
BɻܽҡҡͷҲǼģҲһġ
ܽһ˵BҲٶˡ
ǶãܽȻľǱضĵģǵòŴɰʵס
Щ˷ܵصððȥ˲ٴΣûڴ޹أ
ң뾩֮Ժֻٲȥˣ֮ǰȥ¿Ҳʵ
һ룬ֵܽߵò磬ȥ˴£ôҲҪˣٴӴ뿪ҲҲʲôʺ޵ĵطڴЪһɡ
Ըܼǰڵг̡
ңBУܽҲ¸·̫Բ
BܽԣȴЩɻ
ǡBЩɵصĸף˵Ҫĸ߹𣿡
ܽȻB˵£Ҳʲô˵˵ģͱ罪ŵĺ֣ΪΪҪֻܹܽܶ˲֪Ȼ˵СҪ첻ϣ֮͸¶ʲôȥע⵽ˣǾҪˡ
BɻܽҡҡͷҲǼģҲһġ
ܽһ˵BҲٶˡ
ǶãܽȻľǱضĵģǵòŴɰʵס
Щ˷ܵصððȥ˲ٴΣûڴ޹أ
ң뾩֮Ժֻٲȥˣ֮ǰȥ¿Ҳʵ

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588 

ȻܽҪ뿪ˣͷȻǺõģ֪ܽһҪޣеɮ˺ܿͰźһУ˺üԺܽһˡ
ùիܽ˷С
BܽҲûоţڴô໤ţȫݵģܽҲǳʲô¡
ܽ뿪֮;Ĵߡ
µ˲ٴΣҲ˲ٻأⲻϾҪ뿪ǣô˵ľɫԺټˣҲѽ
ȻˣҪǽտʼ뾩Щ˷ܣһ˯ⶼûУҲֻĴߣܷйһʣľˡ
ҲûҪBһȥ
ɩҲһˣطúϢɣߣһͻ
BأɲˣҲܿóBƣɫȻBһ𵽴ܡ
BԵ˵ͷȻУҲҪעⰲȫһҪŻ
Ҳͷ
񽪼ٵܽҲ˵ˣʵҲ֪Ѿ뾩ˣǾİȫˣȥĶŻȫбҪġ
Bż뿪Ժ
ڴ£ͲİеľɫҲľͿˣһҲûʲôĿԣߵĶĶˡ
һߣҲԸơ
̥ȻƽʱҲûٳ죬Ѱ˵ʵҪһЩģ֪Ը֮Ҳһֱǲѡ
ֻ֪ĵһܽԴûеܽ潫ĵı¶ѡ
Ҳ֪ôˡ
š
ȵعͷԼѾߵ˴µĺɽ£ɵýüͷš
ڴµĺɽûʲôӡϴξͱ۸ȥȻѾȥĺףľ֪۴֮Ŀ־壬ȴһֱġ


ôʶ֮䶼ߵǻʲô
ţҲˡ
ûüתأһļжѸٵǰ
ʲôˣһȵ
ͷ΢
͸֮ķ϶ע⵽ǰԶһͨɽС·ڣʱŴֲѵĴ󺺣Ȼ˴ѿźͨϵǹƣȴԲͨӦеġ
ǰʵվ·ߵһģ֦ҶïʱûϸǱ߿ûвˡ
ΪλͻȻ߳
ϵķ뾯裬ͷɵһ⡣
Īǣ·ڣĿľǲɽȥԼվһΪҪϺɽҪ£
ԽԽþôܡ

Ҳˡ
Ƿ£ɽҲǴµĲҵɽʲô˿ĶҲӦеɮ￴زǣôֵأ
ܾʲô⡣
ȻĴ⣬Ҳûûܲ˵ĳϺɽȥ
֪ɽЩʲôҲ֪Щʲôڳļƣɽһͻ
ɲ⿴ġ
һ˼ţһ͸֮ķ϶źɽϿ˹ȥ
ҲˣȥʱС·ϣߵľͷȴ߹һˣǰǸǸŮӣŮӵȴǸźü·ͬĴ󺺡
ͷһͻ
ɽϣжˣ
ΪеԶҲ߳ɽ˵òǰŮӣܾЩϤƫƫһʱ벻˭
Աһ¼Էʵǻȥ
Է˱Ƕ࣬һ˲٣ҪԼߵĻҪ˵ҪԿ
ɽϵײʲôǰ㶼֪飬ҲЩʲôè壬ʵ޹صģΪ޹֮£ȴҪԼ˳ԿȻǲġ
ԣӦˡǡ֮Ҳûԣͻתȥˡ
ֱԶˣŽˣ˻棬ǰߵһˣȴûɽת˸һСϲȥ
ڻȥ·ϣҲ֪ǲǺȴһֱǰںɽЩˡ
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589 

ЩžͲͨ˵ĴҲͰˣĵģȴԶԶǸЩϤŮˡ
˭أ
ţüͷɵ
ã˵˵ʲôջ
ȻԼҲ֪ǴӺζĸо
ɻصԺ
ʱܽBݣδôУҲûͽ˽ĵôһ£ҲʱЩѰò׵ȵܽˣ˶һ
ûȵܽϴϣһܽķ䡣
ĸףҪ˵
⸱еģܽʧЦ£
˵ĹܽѾѾߵķϴˣžգȷûʲôˣܽŽѾǲȥ
Ȼˣڿ˵˰ɡ
ְϵĲǰơ
Ҳ˲ϺȲԵˣټĽ֮ǰںɽɽ·ܽ˵һ飬ĸףܾеŹ֣ڴĴµĺɽǱһ˸Ҳûĵ
µĺɽ֣÷֣Ϊľ£ʵ˲ɽȻһѾлˣҲŽССĹӣһЩҪϺɽģͲ٣֪Ҫȥ￴Ҳ١
Щɽ£йŹְ
ĸףҿǸɽ߹ŮӣȻûòܾЩϤһʶģ
벻ѡ
˵ŻأȻ
ˣͻȻԼĴһ£ĸףˣǳһǳ
ǰ;ŮЩϤֻ벻˭ܽ˵ʱ򣬲ͻȻɲǳô
ܽšüͷ
һֱڶĵ۽ڹأҹ⻹˿ţûоĵ۵Ŀܴͣӹ뿪һ
ڣҲû˵ĵ۽˶ԳĽô˾ͻȻˣ
ҡ
ôμЩɵˡ
ţܽҲɵ÷
жϣܽҲеģͻȻԴ˲ٵˣصĲص˴µĺɽϣҪ˵û⣬ܽôҲŵġ
ҡ
ܽ뵽ԼһпٵΣ
֮ǰڲ²ţĵ۵Ҫѡںʱأڴ·˳ԼôЩɵˣɺϣδҲ̫ɺЩ
УǺɽϣֲʲôأ
ˣ
ţܽüҲȻ
Ĳ²⣬ܽȴǲδ˵ǵǱʥϽ𣬿û˵˳㿴أ򣬱ǳʲôҲûϵⲻǶҪ뿪𣿡
룬Ҳȷʵô
ǱҲȥˡ
ȵ뿪˷䣬ܽ룬Ѿ߹Ըһ¡
ʱѾ߾ܽΪɣеһλСй
ܽǹˣҪ𾭣еɮȻƴǣΪλһλСйȴܽԸġ
Спܴ̽õϢô
СпŶҲʮһӣܽЩнСɮˡ
ܽСЦЦҲһͶѣСʦýš
СǷ
Ȼ󣬿ʼܽ
СȻСȴʮִ죬ܽãЦŵôãСʦҲ˰ɣͣȱ衣
ȻѾ˲ˮġ
ǹĳԼģζǳССЩŵĵζּܽȷʵͰףûסܽĹ֮һĳȵһĳ꣬Ͼ㡣
ܽװĵĵСеǰƣСгŵĵʱ״ƲصǺʱģйʱ볤ã֪Ҫ㣬Լһˡ
⻰þеĹپˣһ۾ɳ
ܽͳ֮Ĺϵǿͬˮһ㾩˭˲֪
СгУÿֻһ𣬶ھЩ֮ĹϵΣȴȫ֪ģܽһ˵⻰ˡ
ԭѽС΢΢
˵ͬʱ˿ĸо
ԭʼʱܽᵽСлЩţȴǱĨȥˡ
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590 ²

һҹ֮ŵִµģ˵̫ĵׯ̫볤ĸŮҲһ棬ûٽ㣬óСסׯ̫
Ϊ˰ȫǣʱ򣬻סźɽԺڶȴ˺ɽԸеɮ˲ǣ䲻ɽǵϢȥ
ԭҹģʱСӦѾ˯˲ǣҹС⣬Ҳһ¡
Ϊ⣬Сеʦһܽ˵κ
ǰܽᵽСԭǼΪŵģ֪ܽ볤ˣ˵˽ƣǷ
СпȻԼĴ߶ˣҲͲô˰ɣ
ܹܽСе뷨ԼôһϢܽʵЩεģΣںȻԼһҵİΣ
ΣֽܽʣµļİСеͶлСҽˣЩľ͵лɡ
СҪƴǣܽȴѾ˹ƴǲҲֻܳܽʲһʾл
ܽСʦ˵Щʲôֻ˵ҽ˾ڳЩܶ𣬼ס𣿡
СпЩ󣬵˵ͷ
ܽЦЦѾ߽С˳ȥ
ȵֻʣԼһˣܽɫŽ֮³һ
ͻȻ˴£һЩм˴µĺɽ֮УܽȻû⡣
ڸׯ̫Ľڣǲȡˡ
˵ׯ̫ǲУҲô͡
οЩм˿ɡ
ܽвΣС
׽ĸ֪ͨ˽Ҫ뾩ģôɣҹͳҹɫ˴¡
ǰܽţĵ۵˻ǣ뵽Щ˾Ȼڴأ
ܽһ̵ĵһգͻȻнķһ£ܽҲǲ뵽ڴ޵ġ
ȴ룬ɺϣ֮з˳ԼЩˡ
ò˵ĵѡóЩ˵мȷʵһð취
ܽжٻЩսΣֻ¾ĵˣһҪЩսĻнܽ˽ߣҪֲУĵҲضжơ
ôˣҿ֪ģЩǾĵ۵ĸҪϢľʹӾʧҲɣǼ׵ġ
һʼûע⣬ȵܽ˳µϢ˳һЩ˻ᷢ˿ġ
ˣһɣЩͳǡ
ʱ򣬳˾ܷˡ
ȻԵСһЩ˭֪ĵТģׯ̫ĵ۶ЩֹҲʲô̫˵¡
οԭҲʲôֵˣĵô˹ǲóΪĻ͡
ڴ
ǻʼԺĵһ֮ҪǷ˻еɮôҶһ䣿
ʵϣܴܽСеô䣬ѾǼΪҵˡ
ܽãĵ۵ЩӦҲûվҪ֣ڴ¶գȻ׺ܽһ˵󣬵ȵ˺ʵĵص㣬ҵ˺ʵʱٶ֡
ֻЩ˴Ҳû뵽ܽһоȻҲѡڴޣͻϳ˳ܽҲǡɴСеʳһЩ
ǲ֪Щûϳ
ܽܿͽеĽƲһߡ
ЩǾĵB˵ģֻľͽǵòЩǰ¶棬ϲĵ
ȻϳˣЩ˻᲻ıԭеļƻǰж
ܽɾ
ͻȻ뿪֮ǰ˵ʲô˵鷳ԵѰ۾ʦæ
Ȼ˵Ǿͱ۾ʦǿεġ
Ȼ黹ûеĳ̶ȣܽЩֻǳĲ²ѣܽԸСĽһ㣬ҲϣΪһʱĴʲôõĽ
ͼ뾩ԺҲûһ۾ʦˣ뾩֮ǰڻ۾ʦҲһи˳
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591 

ܹһЩΪҪðأ
ܽ뷨
˾ܽҲʱ䣬ܿһеɮˡ
֪۾ʦУܽ
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ܽϴЩǳ۾ʦĸɮҼԸˣѰ˻۾ʦһʼףܴӻ۾ʦõһ϶Ĵ𸴣Ҳܶˡ
ģӶܷ׻ġɮ˵ţȴЩź۾ʦղС
۾ʦȷʵĸɮܽݣֻѣҲʲô£ɮȴǻ۾ʦУûбҪƭܽģҲ˵۾ʦȷʵС
ܽͷ΢΢һ
ܽȴǲ¶ɫֻź˽ɮ˳ȥ
۾ʦڣǽҪΣ
ܽüͷš
֮ǰ¶ȻֻǸɺϣĵЩֻ²Ὣ֮ɺϣ˵ǲܽ˷ʲô֮ʱ򣬲ܽһǼڴ»ֻ̣¾ĵ۵˶пܾǰж
ڡ
ܽɻûȵǶˡ
Ծĵ۵ƣĿǰܽµЩֻ²Ƕ֡
ܽЩѡ
ѳ˾ǣʱٻȥԽԼ˳ΪĵİѱĴһĵ۵ĲɣҪþĵۻǲ֪ʲô˭֪ĵۻ᲻˺Ӣı󣬲ܲ˵Щʲôأ
˵⣬ܣĴ󽫣Աʮ˻ȥ˵ھĵĽˡ
ҪһһҵĴ͸ӿˡ
ܽȻЩȴҲûҡ
񣬻Ҷ״κεĺôֻø㣬ˣ侲뻹ûиõİ취
һ룬ܽ뵽˳
˵
ԴӳõһЩأ
ܽȻ뵽ͷȥϾͳâģǰκˣֻҲǲġ
ڣҲֻҽˡ
вУҪԹ˵ҪȻܲʲôҲۿķչɣ
뵽ܽһ˾
ûдѾߣֻܽ˼һ·ųڴµľ˹ȥ
ܹһЩΪҪðأ
ܽ뷨
˾ܽҲʱ䣬ܿһеɮˡ
֪۾ʦУܽ
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ܽϴЩǳ۾ʦĸɮҼԸˣѰ˻۾ʦһʼףܴӻ۾ʦõһ϶Ĵ𸴣Ҳܶˡ
ģӶܷ׻ġɮ˵ţȴЩź۾ʦղС
۾ʦȷʵĸɮܽݣֻѣҲʲô£ɮȴǻ۾ʦУûбҪƭܽģҲ˵۾ʦȷʵС
ܽͷ΢΢һ
ܽȴǲ¶ɫֻź˽ɮ˳ȥ
۾ʦڣǽҪΣ
ܽüͷš
֮ǰ¶ȻֻǸɺϣĵЩֻ²Ὣ֮ɺϣ˵ǲܽ˷ʲô֮ʱ򣬲ܽһǼڴ»ֻ̣¾ĵ۵˶пܾǰж
ڡ
ܽɻûȵǶˡ
Ծĵ۵ƣĿǰܽµЩֻ²Ƕ֡
ܽЩѡ
ѳ˾ǣʱٻȥԽԼ˳ΪĵİѱĴһĵ۵ĲɣҪþĵۻǲ֪ʲô˭֪ĵۻ᲻˺Ӣı󣬲ܲ˵Щʲôأ
˵⣬ܣĴ󽫣Աʮ˻ȥ˵ھĵĽˡ
ҪһһҵĴ͸ӿˡ
ܽȻЩȴҲûҡ
񣬻Ҷ״κεĺôֻø㣬ˣ侲뻹ûиõİ취
һ룬ܽ뵽˳
˵
ԴӳõһЩأ
ܽȻ뵽ͷȥϾͳâģǰκˣֻҲǲġ
ڣҲֻҽˡ
вУҪԹ˵ҪȻܲʲôҲۿķչɣ
뵽ܽһ˾
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592 

˵Цˣūˡ
˭˵ЦˣܽһϽÿ˽ݷóģű𣿡
ūҡ
ҲңֺܽصȻңͨ
Ӷһۡ
ǿԣǵȻܽȥʲôƢԣ˭˲֪Ĳܽȥ˭ֳ֪ܽʲô
Ȼسδ֮е飬ȴҲǲ֪ģҲܿóεôǲܼġ
Ҫ˳
˿ܲǶˣȴûк³ġ
Ȩһ׻ǵͷһתȥԺͨһСܽǰЦ
ǿ֪Ϊηʺÿμ֮鶼᲻ˬˡ
ʱȥͨӾ˳ˣС͡
û˵꣬ܽЦһ˾ôúŪⶼʲôʱ˻Сǳ¼ˣϻ
ɫһ䡣
ȷʵǲܽ볤⣬ͬˮҪ棬˭ֳֻ֪ʲôӣˣҸڽ˸ˡ
뵽ܽѹûǵĻأ
û˵ʲôܽͳһ֣ˣҰ߿ҵҪϻű˲ɣ
ܽļʱǰ˹ȥ̧žҪԺߡ
ôټ򵥲ľţ˵ǼˣֻһˣһȥֻҲҪɢˡ
ɫɷס
뵽ܽѹͲƣһԲϾҪ˶أ
ʱԺﴫ˳˽ɡ
̧ߣʱͷܽ
ܽ˰֣˵
ӣҲ֪ԼסˣֻܽԺŴ򿪡
ܽһ۾ͿվԺĳ
һɫĵ£ϲһЩɫԵĲͬҲ֪ϵѲЩ˲٣濴пյ֮С
Ӳ̫ùҲǰȣ׻ǹ֮𣬹ôѶûУӦþ˲١
վԺм䣬ʱ΢紵ϵǼѴ׾ܽ뵽ˡʡ
ϴμųǳΪָ֮ܽʹģ˴
£ܽǺܲһͬ顣
֮󣬳ĵ˿˹Ϊ֪࣬ܽȥһˡ
֮ܽûˡ
ʱʵҲδȥãȴû뵽̶ʱ֮ڣݳ
Щ̧ܽſԺӣֿԺŲùأ϶ʹǰƭˣ˵ǳСߣ
Ϻһһġ
ܽ˵⻰֮ǰ˻ˣһԺţһţһȥ̺ţܽͳ˵Щʲô
ˣȻصˣǲл򷽻ʺ
ֱ֪ܽӽ˼סˡ
ٿһͷ֪ܽǵķֻõģҲû˵ʲô
ܽǰ´һЦһղչòôðȻʥ˰˹ĴţҲ˳öȲǣݳˣ
һҲûԼֻ
գܽ䣬ֻ¶ѾˣһΣȴҪŭ˼ûС
ܽ˵꣬Ȼɨܽһۣȴһֶû˵תͳȥ
ܽЩ⣬Ҳȥ
ԺܽסǼ䲼ֲ࣬ܽԺ֮ŷ֣Ժ˳ȴѾҲûС
ܽȻǴBڴһеĶȴǶȱ㹻ܽסüΪʵˣٿԺԭеĶûжʲô
ɴ˱ҲԿóһȻΪ˾ĵ۽˹ͳĹߣʵϲûܵʲôӡ
ֻھĵ۵УԳãҲˡ
ȻҪóҲЩӻԸȥ
ţܽųЦЦ
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593 װ

ܽ𴽽ǣӣĹòôء
ֻЩˡ
ðһ˿Ҳ֪뵽ʲôָֻܿƽ
ӹôòģè޺Ӽٴȱģհɡ
ȻЩ̣ǰ׶˼
ܽҲûųЦЦҲûƣǺϾͺǴ˼һ㡣
šüͷЩɵشܽۡ
Ȼܽڲδ˵ܾãǰܽƺﲻһˡ
Ҫ˵е񡭡
ǰʶܽ
ʱܽȻֻһǲŮļ»ֳ˾ǵĴЦɲܺʱʱһֱֽ̬ͦżԼǰҲһӡ
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604 ط

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605 Ҹ

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