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賿룬Bߵҵ¥һµŮذš
λüߣõʱܿԶԶĵطĽ£С綼ææµµתš
̧ͷһŮʹ̧ͷλúǡã¥Ҳֻǿյġ
˭֤һأҲֻһˡ
ŮǺϲںܸߵĵط磬ԶҲ
Σиġ
Ҫ뿪ˣŮ˱ƣ۾ңԶ֮شĺ꣬һβؿһۣżȣ˱һ˿˳ȥ´趯˱˶ϡ
᲻á
һɫĹȦٿȻ֣ŮԾ˽ȥȦ˸£ʱһϢʧˡ
ҵ¥ְҹԶšû˹ʱһ۰ոûܷǸȦ
Ůһδα벻Ϊ֪;û֪ȥû֪ʲôʱû֪Ĺȥû֪˭
ֹֻ;

Bв֪ʱһ͵ںʵҡ
ɹˣһ˷ܵزУҹȻţ
һԱæ͵СϺȥԣͻʱձ߶㿴ţ̰
ɥл磬ҪʵҪٱ㣡۾֪ͬļСȥϴּҪϵϴɾ
һԼһһֵֹ豸ߴ꣬ԣҪʱУ
ȻҸ̫ղգߴߴʣȷҵʱղȱٴɣ
Ǳߵ˷ɿûẓ̇٩֤ȥ֮ҪǮжǮ˼ץС
ѽһУԼѾǰԲ㽵ر۾
СʱԼȫ豸ɵƻͨоɵл磬ԭƽʱĴڣҵƽSKһ㡣ҪҪк
Ϳ̫ղ߹̫ղգ֣ͷЦе
쿴ԭʲôһ
ǵڵ𣿡˷ܵزУ̫ˣڳޡ
ܣԼ꣬ľͼʹĻлļֻˣûСϺһģһĴָ
߹ظָ˻ȥ
ϲźŲ׽ʧܣ߱Խʸ񡣡ź
ȥҪӣ˵õĿ϶ɹأ˵õ豸ûأأ
òӿֱʾͣսһ豸Դԣǵòɣɵʵ
߷߲ƽĻǰﻹʣҪģǲֻԼ
ɽȥԡ
Ӻ̫ղմеĵźŽճɹѡĿʱա
Ļʾһľʮλռ䡣
ҧгݣͻ
лȼȼȼȼȼ

ս1

Ķλˡл磬Ҫȥ𣿡šլµĸɵصһδȼ̣ɵؿɿż̵ˡ
ǵȻȥĵطΣգҵȥлȼͷҲûص˵
꣬ҲлȼͲɳ˳飬²ۣ˹֪֮磡
ҵˣŹŴͽжʲô˽Զ飬ûиĸ֮Ҳ˽ˡ
лȼϻææµµظԼ豸Ҳûţ˵һͨ󣬰һƶƵĻǰ棬һΣͰɶˣ
Ȼɽ̫ղգŵ޸صʮţˡ
Լӵı½Ҫ֪豸飬㿴
Ǿͱ֪Ҳ֪˵û˵꣬лȼ͸еԼĳУϴ»һ˦˦ȥԼѾһʯ棬Զĳɱ
Ȼѣε̫Ѩüͷʣ˵ôװε
ԭ΢Ͷ
ͷ˽͵㿴˼Ķ˵Ҫ۾ҵʯͷѾȳˡ

ղڳ𣿡лȼͷûиʴӾʯͷͷһؿһ룬龰ʮꡣ
ֻԶսĹսϣĳУиµŮ֮һԾ֮䡣˵ԾΪܵٶĺܿ죬ϰʱһշԾ˾ڰˣôô顣
οƺûضĿ꣬ҲκһֻҾд˵ִһϰܱ˲֪ƣϰ⡣սɱ۵սʿ˵׼Լ˶ܿŮˣٶȶûм
ͬȡ
ͷƤ顣
˻ʲô
еƺһȻЩظ̾Сÿγʽô档
лȼֱĿɿڴӡⲻ˭ΪļҵӰĶЧأЧô
뵽һЦ⣬СеˣԼҵˣ
лȼһԶʲôɴھʯȴѾͷԶôĵطǲ֪ûĸսʿŵǴѽ˲Ϣ䣬СıһͶ
ڲ֪ٴΣлȼ̽ͷȥǸѾͷƺҵԼĿ꣬ץסһ˾ܣһˡ
лȼ𾯱ô£
ȥˣͱ̽ͷƿš
Ůץˣɵ˶д󣬲κôˡ֪˵ʲôץŸ׵˾Ȼץжһ򵥣˿ӰԼٶȡ
浱Լ˶˵ǸеûȻ£ֵͦġ
Ǳ²ۣлȼŮЦл˻֡
֪˿ֻܿԼһСŮȴܿԼ˭
ȻǱߵͻȻ˷ץ˾һ·ܹΪ˲˿ĵػĵץ
û³Ҳ컯ˡ̾
лȼû˼ȥǸץŵĴ󺺣˿̵̾Цţв֪ʲôʱһë׼Լұ
Ծ֮䣬Ůվǰһμûκȷʵ࣬Ҳ˿ڸǲסòЩ糾֮ɫ
лȼһֱһˣҲеˣһȻ첲һ˺ۡƤһĻۣ˵ϧ֮⡣
۵غŮ˵
Ȱ¡

Ů֣žˤ˵ϣϣ֪жôۡҺ֮ǰĵιȥˡ
лȼֳһִļһСŮþƾ˿ڣָϽϺҩϱһ׶ΨһҪǿ죬ǿɲ˿ڶҪԼˣΡ
ŮҲûԼ첲˵Ƚϡ
ֻضлȼֿԼŵ֣ǳѵʵ--ô-ˣ
˵ٶʮֻӦ֮Ľʽ
лȼѾʮˣǵԼһŮʱŮദĵһڣһ仰û˵ʱԼΪλŮ
ΪʲôץлȼָָϵˣŮ
ŮƺѣְͻȻʲôͷлȼһִֻ
ȵȵȵȵȵȣлȼסŮֱ֣ģȻе¶ȡ
ԼȥУܵȵҡлȼ͡
ͷлȼĻͷײǽˣлȼܵĻ˶ǧһȦˣȻŮȻܱȰɡ
Ůͷץ˾ƮƮǰ·
ܵʱӯ·˵һ㣬ʹץһҲûºصĽӡߵؿٿǸĽӡҲ¡
лȼתʧĽӡƺݺץһѣŮ뿪ǷҲӡתӰ٣
ܿ쵽˳£ǽѾЩ𣬵ǻǺܸߡ¥ϵʿŵץסעǣȻҲΧŮƮ˲
ŮҪץסлȼƺ϶лȼûԼǡ
лȼڰ֣û¶ȥɣҸεĵطҾС
Ůͷ˼лȼְصͷڴ⡣
Ͳųǽǵǵȥ¥ЩԴʿ۾ٶȣûǰںͣŮѾԽǽˡ
عʿָϽ¥µлȼȴԾط֣Ҳʧˡ
˵սֹԭİ

ͬһʱ䣬ĳƾɵéݷлȼŶͷˡԼһݴ£ǲظٴζϰ߰
˹ģû¶ɣҪҪߣ
лȼԼĶǣּǿ˵УһСңһ˴һ۸
򣺡
лȼеոеĳˣ˵ðôΣҸеĸʲôҲڵʱʲô˰ɣңҵøϹȥ׽飡
˼¼̣ԷͳлȼֻϣһƸߵµļͷָ·
²Ҳһ̲䣺ǰƵģ˺֪ȻˡҶеͬСˡ
ʲôС´νɩӡлȼ
򣬰ѿӷ£һ·һѹӵӡ·̻Ȼİգǳнظ˼·
ƣһЩưܵԺ䣬滹СŮĿ

ս2

Ǻƾɣ߽ȥ֮󵹻ɾܰлȼһۿϻŵһ׷͸оǰӦû㲻
ǸսץˣӻûѹԱ߶СŮӣ޵ú롣лȼŮһգգǶԶŮҲ˹ȥʺϸ
磬ǰ̻𣿡лȼһ߰ϵĻҳһʡ޲ľŮϸ׵ؼգ죬ü䡣ϧ˵òȴò˵İϧŮƺȫԼϾô
ԷԼ֣澡ͷһĿҲ˻˸ţ˵ǸˣСŮҲɡ
ͰˡлȼȻؽϣеĲһߡȥ˸Ůϰ
Թƺ˴ܵʱôһǲģ˺۸ЩҪԣֺ§סڻ
ͷСŮڿˣץס׵־ôլˡ
лȼ״ЩʧЦҲ֪ô˼ҰŵģǶˣȴһ
Сʲô㸸û¡лȼ
ҽССŮ侲վȴ¶Ӷı飬ҵӱ
ȻۣЩ˵һΣ֡ҵһΣԺرġߵǰŹϣͼԵĵϵϡ
лȼ߹ȥǵ˵Ŀףְ˷ŵϡתͷСʼ㿴ô£ΪǲӦÿһ¡ԼĶƤлҶҪС
СؿһۣСֹûã𣿡ȥ
㣬˵ûãлȼظ״ֲ䵽ߣһֲָֻ֪ʲô״̬
ü΢С죬һᡣ
Ҳᰡèտ϶û˼ĺóԡлȼǹ˸İɣ˼ҵĺ統ңͿܷԼȥս֪ûģ뱨
ͻȻվشóһֳֽ̽ʣסѡ촽£Ļõһ⣺ˡ
ԾϰǽһЩķϷ顣
лȼ̾ȥѴϣȥС
СվһϷżҰˣֵػͷ㲻۷ֱһлȼѵЩı飬Ȼʣˣ
Ѹ°ʣһˮֽԱߵĵƿȻһţţǺĵص
ҰѵϹͽҲԽС߽ȥʼ򣬻ͷпԿҲܴȷʵֻͨھʱջߴ߹ĵؽѡ
˽Һлȼע⵽С΢΢֮ǰ޹Ȼͨ۾ʱŵؿŵҵšСͷˣǲغá
أС׷ʡӶǶлֻ硣
ҰлȼȻһЦ뻳С
ȥ㡣
˵ңлȼŹغã¶ϵݣʶԼҲ΢΢ŶԼֻϵźţ֮ǰһֱ˵ͣȴʧˡ
˿ǽܵ͸ʱʲôͬһӣһܶ˿ޣ˼У˺ȡȣ̧ͷ磬ҲڿͬķûжЩ˻ûп̫
ſŵķΣлȼһ£ԱҵһҲȥǶһ֮͵Զľ
һҪ磬̫࣬Ȳ
籣ԭеĶԶɱӵʿǣûлػ
лȼüǣʱͲԼ˵ʲôˣֻ˵
ҺģҪҡ
ɤ
Ҳҡ˵
УҲҪ㡣ͷɤӣһֻβ͵ćNɪè
ͷ۵Ļ磬ȻȻûʲô仯ȴøˡ
ĺùԣлȼﱻȵĲУ뱧ؼҡ
ֲ֪ʲôʱѾӣָСֱָֻϵťϣԼؿʼ۲ڵĹ

ʲôˣ϶ͬʱȣǺͶҵ͵ضһ£ֻ˻ۣƮ䵽ԼǰŮԱС񱼹ӡ
ȴվŮǰ棬ЦеǰǾȻȥ
ŵöһ£ͬʱ󺰣
ԲУ
ȳ
ַʲôŵıҪ˰ɡƮƮ꣬ŮӶ˲ϢǼ
ѽϡɱһŮļ֮뵹ڵϡ
зʵͷǸŮԱ߾ͱסСȣŵñᶼˣ㲻ܽȥ
һҲͬˮ˵ĵǴȻĻɱҰɣ
лȼԱ߼һֻľֻצϺݺݵã֪ʲô𣿡
໵ؽһ֣ί
лȼָ磬Ů÷𣿡
Źֵض
лȼڨڨ漴ֱ׳ң֪𣿡
˳̫̫Źȴ󺰣˭Ҷӣ

лȼѸһƭ۵׳˹ְѸŹĸ۵һ𣬻֮ǰԺ
ǸҲˣҵСüͷСôʲôﶼǼң
и쵱ʱֽѵһĿƮȥǸĳСͷ
ҵѺһȥСһɨɨԼͷһߡޡ
лȼһ˸죬ڳжҵԼĸ̫̫ŮӺ硣
ĳԽԽˣҪǹǵʿԭʧû棬ҼһҪѹθɾ⼸ʱ䶼ûС
жǶҺͳͷּҼҶеũߡĸĸңС˼ҵź󣬸˳ֻܴ󺰴мﶫȡʣµ
ڳȫˣӵĻҲʲô顣
лȼͷַԸҵԼź󡣡
ͷʣµˣСҡתۿŮˣĶøֵļһסÿԼ
˵꣬ҲôӦ˳Լ֮ǰĵص㡣׵Ҳص˷Ľ
˶һѺһϾҪʼˡ
Ӯȫ䣬Ҳ˰̡

ս3

׼ףлȼмںΪҳһֻʧܵĽʺֻǲνսаˡ
ˣԼˣ˭úñȴҪȥлȼгҲЩζ
ڰְ纰˵˲عܣҲˡ뱣СǾֻˣһ򲻹ܣս
˵룬ֽԼϵףҾһû
ƫͷڵ罫δĵ˶ʵ˼Ǹһ㱡ɴתȴ΢΢һ£лȼԼþɵƮȥˡ
лȼעűƽĵоʿǲ֪Ϊλ²ȥ˼ڻոǾ仰
Ȼ
ԶʿߵһƬյءѾѪȾؿԭɫʹ˼֮η
ֻͻȻޣڿмΪѸٵػһ£޻еһ˲伤ڳѪԣʿɢ˵֮ǰɢʱ˷ǽʱСĽαͬһȺǵɨ
ӿһһƺѪԼᵽϢԼֻڳһǣĿġ
лȼɿһӰе磬ɫƽġҲǣҾ֮еˣôᱻһɱס
˵ЩĿʿһȺǣԵʨӣԶ侲ԶʤȯգԶ˲²͸˼
ִôôɱ˵ĻҪģлȼۡ
лȼȻ󺰵ǶûˣҪסСͶ㣬˭ʱ䶼ҲȲ㣡
⼸½ӦΡΡģõԼȹˡ
лȼ˼ҵϰȫĵطŽĲҽЩ˾ĵطǳһ㣬ûл˸ҷҲЩѾƵˡ
ףл磬ִ̼ϤлȼССһؼʱûеӡ
ϵ˵ϲϲѳ´θȫϢ֣
Ǳߵһ޸ܣ˼±ҵȥį
˲ƴڻѾûСԼˡֻæҵġ򡱵û˭Ҳп
Ǳ߿ԿлȼΪԲĵϵӽǣһ߶һ߶㱨СүƵģЩһ߽ΧͱһЩСආ˭ҵİ̫˰ɣһŵȳˣԱߵ˸ء
лȼĥĥȺ²ĶԼǼָʱء
ǸСӻк٣˵ӶǱôͦ͵ġ佱
лȼԴ룺ǸСȵԲУ
Ƭְ̺ȫǵĲҽγյһԲлȼǶȣߵݶϣޱˡĺڷбĮ־¾ںŪԼϺ϶нδѪӣޡ
˭ܲľ壡
лȼԼ·е˵ȣ룬ʱǳˡ룬ʵϴѪҲͦÿġ
лȼߵȽϿĵطֻ絽ԼߣȻ
˶ǸλȨصͷˡлȼſԭǺˣֻǴ˺ʽףȴǸ߱һ峤ࡣ
ȻǴսʶ˿ط꣬վ󣬱㰮ݼڵض˶Ȥ
лȼؿһܣ
ҶǷ֮ˣַ£ֻǿ;Ӵ˵أ˼ȴΣգҲʵڲܲܡ
лȼӰĿȻ͸һȻַ֮⡣ҲǺٻ֮ǰĻͬǱŵʱлȼƺͷѾ߿һۡɫƺô˼˵Ҳ֤ʿ뿴Ǹͷˡ
Ҳû¶⣬֪Щ˶١Ϻƣǵ
˺գҲ徻Сǲ£һ˲ߵȱ裬Ҿ֮ꡣ
лȼЦ˱˵ĳǣ˵ԼǵȻøߵ˶ôҪԱߵͻȻѵȥˡ
лȼתͷ磬ʣ뷢ܲһ˶СĿ棬ѹ֮⣬ϸؿ۾Էҧҧ촽򣬵ͷ
ͷֵΪʲô촽Ѫ
ٺ˵һǵ˧һлȼȻЩȤؿΧѾкƵĹ֣ǹϷŪЦ⡣
Χʿһиٽƺ͵˴յ֮ǰǰʣǺ£𣿡
ղмЦЦ˻ںϷż
һ˲뷢ѾлȼѲؽֻʣлȼɲվԭء
лǺ侲ģЩϣԻɴ⬣ʹǲŮٸǿҲסļʸοԱǸеģа˳ɰǸ˾ԲͨκաѾŵЦ⣬ǰװŪˣ͸
˭֪ȴֻ䵽˿˭Ҳ֪һһŮʱʧռŵĹһ˲ӰˣСҸɹضţͻȻ˾󺰣棡
˾Ȼƾճˣԭ̬οһֱעⷿģƾճ֣ܶʿΣ鲻ԽҪ¶ĤˣƽĻˮƽ͵Ĺʱ鷢ǰˡȻľ˸Ĺ£Ѿһɧ
лȼؿǰΣϳ֮ŨСҲҵ֮ˣ
ɫ˼䣬ƺЩʣʱҲ޷ľĸףǿѹסĲϥأлȼǸ۲ʶĪҪ֡뵽£˺úл
һʱһƬ˸͵ۿˡ
лȼɫ䵭Ҳɡ˺ұˣҲܱ֤˯ʱλͷ­Ϥϡ
ͷ͵ø£벻߹ٺᣡڳλҶȻСı
лȼصͷ˸ҿԼ˵ȥͷΣҲ뿪ˣҲûһֱע߶оԱûйʵģ
˿лȼ·ʽֻˡǰлȼûװŪҪ˵ظҲǾԲȱģʱˣ磬ϡ
С½ֻصԺ䣬ӷǳϵشչʹϵϴһô찡ظǽЩˣǵĸ
лȼĦ°ͣһˣν˵ѾӦǲΣգأҲƯͱˡ
ȻָָҵСǣǾǼΣڲԼø
ҵסŮۺһоĿϾӣʱŮҲסⲼ˵ĳ򣬸뿪Ҳ޷ԭֻΪЧңʱѾһΣҲ뾡Щ׵ΡͬлȼҪ
ӻͷĸһ£˹סлȼĴȣϴҲ߰ɣҲǰʲôû˼Ժ϶ţڱԹģ
һӴ󺰣Ҳǣ
лȼذԼȳʲôëԼȲ𣬾ű˼ҵģ

ս4

գһлȼǣ˸ȥ϶סۡҵСȥԼõĵطȴлȼȥԼӦһǿսĺա
˸ţһ治뱩¶ԼʵĿģһҲΪܷ㡣
лȼˣƽզզģһһʵȴǸܽˡȥѣܲܲ©ڣδ֪Ƿϲϸδ֪᲻᷹¶ڶ̽δ֪ӳ᲻ˣδ֪ӳҵСʱǼɻȫδ֪
أϸȥɵˡףСҲãСҲã뱣ˡ뱣˭ԭʲôʼգлȼҪҲֻǱ粢˳ˡ
·ϣź˶Щ룬лȼͷ˵Ļ뷢ʱαܿģ
бۿƺԥ
лȼҲ㱣ˣǲ߱ˣ˽ʶſһ⣺´ʧãǰֱʧֱ뿪ٳ֡
ͷС˵ܾáƺһ˼붷СС˵ܱ˿һ룬ʱûơ
лȼ
лȼ̷Ӧһ˼֪ԼĵľһֱǶʱΪռĵάΪʱԶֻԹ̶ٶȵǰû뵽粻Խһ룬Էء޷һԼΪ׼ȷ˵һ磬һ硣ͺƽзõİֽʹһףҲнȻͬĻ
ƽԸеġصȥԽʱ䡱ϸ˵ʱֻͬͬղͬĴʻˡ
лȼ˾оʱյרң֪˿ռ䣬ʱҲԴԽһӦȻǴϲʹԶܽΪɹûһоԱô˱׷ܡ
˱ۣסеľκˣȼԼϵʱڹر״̬粽ǰҪӦٲɸκˡ
ˣ۽䣬΢΢¶һǳЦݡ۾ڴǷµһɲǣȴסлȼһлȼ·͸۾˲Ǹֱֳ꣬תͷȻ޷Ӹոձʳ⶯һͷƤнѳ
лȼԼ첲ϵļƤֻղǶ۾ʱԽոյ˼ˣ˵ˣҾͻɱŶ
ѹ˵Сˣлȼ£ܿɰԽԽɰͷһ޿κεĻӡ
ܿߵ˳ţŵȴ̫࣬ǳ¥ϵȫȫһ
ͷ׻Ϸĸһѱһ᣺˰Ҫˣžǹ¶ĸءһ𣬲֪ʱټһţ˵žȻᣬҪĨлȼϡ
лȼ
Ҳ֮ǰŹȾܳȥҪǸ̫̫ʱҲţЩһ첻һ죬ȿȣվվȵ˾ҶӣȻԺӿô
ϣݼ洫ġ
ĥô£ǵúʮֲͷӣͷ͸Ͻ浱´λ𣿡
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Ȼϡˣв۵ģҲȥһһ̥ˡ
ЩͷĥĥסˡлȼĿͣʵһֱעߣ״ЩЦ˵
ͽʲôã̫ˡ˵ģ˭ںأҪţɲ´ΣȻһͿɲ˵˴·Ѵӡ
Ȼлȼ귽ʮüĿ㡢绪ï͡պɵؿлȼñἸ֣ߣȻ˵Щѻˡ
ʿ򱬷һ󲻻Ц˭һһͽ˵ţȴİĽ֮⡣
֮˾ҲЩţ۲ݵеǿӳһЩ
ˣ֪γƺлȼǸﻹиһ㣬ŵ´˺һۡ
۵ĹԱվǿ׳죬ǴĶӣСүաкմ˱ˡ
лȼŶ
հƨߵ棬ڰ֣΢΢ЦҲңҴϱұɡ
üĿǫֻҪĿӴᵽԶһ˭ҲˡˣȲҲˣֻԼ
лȼаЦúмҲҪװһӵˣֻﲻһᡰ˵µˡǸ֪ˡںٴʧ֪ηӦ
һ˼תģʲôʱ
ˣȱһѵߣлȼ֣֪óһѷԼϡһʱ־һƬˡ
лȼԼûʲôģǰĵʱġߡж·Լʱһݶѡ˵ԴǻǺϷһҪʲôʲôҲһֱŶȴ˷ֵԭԼĶȻҪ΢;ж΢ˡ
ЩҲԺ˵һ£֪вȤġ
ţǱѾˣĿЩĪЦ߿ʿʲôлȼЩҲ£ûбµԣ
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лȼǰ棬һ۶ҲûˡЩȻ֪
շǺ棬¶ЩֻҪõᣬ񣬶Ҫ֮ء
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˵ִյԱߺֹ
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ʶɫû˵ʲôϵȻȻ΢΢ЦһЦƴлȼ궼һ¡
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Ǻлȼ룬νȾ˭ܱȵ磿ϲմѪûбһ߱ɱ׺ݵˡ·ϼĿͯ
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ȷһолȼתֻȺ˳ʱݵȡյȱʾסۿҪʲô۶ӡ
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Ȼ˵ؿ紵ݵͣȴããһƬҲӰˡ

ս5

лȼλڸһεбºѾڵĴʹݴԽˣԽʱһΣһΣһΣƭһΡ
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ܣȷټŷĵϻһָԼ£лȼͷ۵Ѷͻ涼Ͽˡ
һ죬ǵ˰ȺɫϦ֦϶©ȾҲЩġ
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üͷ֪˾ֻ֪ΡԼԽԽʱϵȫϿʱձԭڵļʵִＸµЧǲᵢԼڵʱ䣬ҲоȫҲ󽵵͡
ϸлȼϣҳһϸĹߡһ˼⣬һĵܡ
߲֪ʲôʱһˣлȼӦʱѾͬлȼߣͷͷҶķ϶֪Щʲô
磬֮ǰͷʹͷȫ׵˾⡣лȼվʲôʱ򵽵ģ
վͷԿ˵ҵһˣ˺ܾã㿴ҡ
ƺеȻ֪ίлȼ˵ͲɵЦˣ´ҿҪע⵽㡣
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档лȼЦѾͨܣ˽ʱʱСԴԼĴʱȴĿ˵ıʱ飬޷š
ҵصĵط׺Ϊȥԣʳϴȴĺ˲֪᲻ᰵǷɢݾҲͻɱ֮Ҫлȼ˻㡣
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ӰСᡣڼʲôû˵Сȴƽ˺ܶࡣֻʮؿĻ
ѵȱĸԱȽҪŮԵİοֱлȼ˼Ҳ֪еĺǱȥԱֻڳ˵ѡ⣬ǱʶȴԸ˼ⷽ¡
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лȼղŵĻֺܸȤӣĻôȥ᲻ĥۣ
Ӹί˲˵ӣӻӣ

ս6

ӺտҵҰȻҰͣɱлȼԤø߼̫ˡӲ֪óĵϰʱҵйȻó˼롣лȼйҵľԼǼ
͵˸СݵĶ𣿡С˵·˼
ףСô֪ͬɻ飬ǹлȼԳʶǷȱ
ҵھдһʱ䣬˽һԶ磬ˣ͵лǴİɣǱСԳŹܵĺɣսµʱɳġɽ֣˳ԵԣĴˣͻŵڸһĿôʯϣȴСݷö࣬ؼҾˡ
лȼȻʳΪ죬˳ϲҡ
ʱ䣬žžģӿʼˣζӵغܿ졣óˢϣһ߶תţպڻ˵òУʵζҲ˹Сصߣû֮ǰôˡ
ҵмѹûעֻǶžҡҡλεĻ⣬ǳسлȼЦһ¡
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ҵŻѣʱЩΪտ޵ˣսЩۣͬĸǺһǻѪҰˣеɼҵı߶ûᣬûڹսܣȻС˵İıֱˣʵԽ
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лȼҪȥݵġһлȼĳΪСúó͵ĵطҲǲСȴδأҲΪͷ˵ˣһҲлȼɲ¶ʱҲء
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̾һҪôܸ˽㣿Ҫ˵ĹȥҪδ

ս7

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ҵҲأڳ˯С۾ͦģӱһʱˡ
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ҵһ飬ǳˣԴҳͿϼΣ˵пֻ֪࣬ŷ򡣡
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Ȼ˳ǡлȼַһʹмϸعְҲ̫ˣǸϢ
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ȥ¥еǡлȼˢһգö⡣

ս8

¥̨ǻϣ߼Խڲ۵ףעĿȻ¥ĸ̨
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лȼ¥¥ÿ䶼˴˶̨һϸܵȲӰ¥ϵ˿¥ĸ裬谭¥˻̽¥¥֮ͬװͩҶڵס¥ϿĿ⡣
ȻЩڵԲס̨ϱݵ˵ߡȨ͸ʱ뵽̨ϱݵҲڲɫأ
лȼ˼ƲˣСʶȤ뿪ˡ
翴õͩ̾˿еԸĺףͩˡ֪ϰ壬ǲҲһˡ
˰ƮѳʱȻЩǣȻǸˡ
ҲսҾˣ㶼ͬɡлȼЦÿʱԼ컯Ҳùô࣬͵һЩвã
һʱͻ룬ͰҲۺ⣬㲻ˮҲɻСȫġ
Ҳʲô鷳֣ͦϲлȼźõˣϸֳЦ⣬ȴڷ˵ΪҶԸⰡ
ڻǱ׵ʱ򣬻ᱻΪḡġѹסԼͷ
û˵ʲôҲϽŤͷװ¥µĸ衣ŮڳһΪԹĴʣɤӵʮֶˣԹĽתͻءΪ࣬ʱ滺ĥʱ׷ᡣϣֱᣬһɱ⡣
Ůݴ˼ԶɷļҸսϢֺսϢսʤɷȴҸĳԴۡ
лȼƷݳǵСƣܱȺ/ͥӦöࡣʱʱעſڣСڨԼ뿪¥ǱҲյݳֲϢʹСԼȤҲҪΪʱ򱨱
һһ¿ڣװԼѾˡ
ΪԼԽԵʣʹƵȷңҲ޷ƾ񾭡
Ϸľûᡣ
лȼۣǸˣ̨еˡ
ûʲôˮСȴڶлȼҡξƱ뾿ŮǸŮͷȴתСƺɻ󣬡ôˣ
СĿһֻۣǶŸ迴òi²ֻǸƿûŸյĺڵ˵ţүˮˣ
лȼۿ˿ͷͷ佱ܵʵûȹ裬ǺҲûˮ
СϽչлȼΪλݳǡлȼ۾һźȻӦƵģ͵ӣͿʼƵ߿ࡣ˵ԼǴвһ󻧼ĹӣһһҪȥţѪ֮֡Լյ˼Ҵˣ˾ʣ¶ˣҿϼһӳӦǵݳǱܱѡ֪ôء
лȼ̾ٿ޼ɤݵһСͷöȰţͻȻ¥¡žˤҲ֮Ȼֹ
лȼλƴյ˴СҲæһۣȻһͷɿȥˡ
ЩͩҶס¥¿ͬʱҲס¥Ͽ֣лȼǶȿȥֻܿǸŮһǶĶͷԱˤıӡµŮŵö㵽ԱߣǸʦǵ˸Ůǰ档
Ůһףϱ˶侫µĺڻʱǿؿǰϯλ
о¥˹ȥȰֻͣƺǵ¥˸ӱˡиЦŵүԷСѸɥǸʲôģ
Ȼһֱ˹ȥǸʦץסˣʦ巳زУסĿǺ͹ٸģʲô裬飬λ˵֪أ
֮ǰǸǺ˻ôСѸ˵òϹ˰ɣ
Ůֱ˵ͱ죬涪Ŀּˡ
ϣּˣҴʬδͲּҵ𣿡
лȼͷôô߹¥Ҳ˸¶ءŴӵܻ޷찡
絹ǲʲôţͣˣͿʼרĳԶʵҲǾ¥˷ӦֻҪûӵԼϣͲᣬҲ֮ˡ
лȼԼһЦΪһȥܣ
лȼʵڲ¡
Ȼ뵽ʲôȤҸոװϣҲ̫ˡ˵Լͷ
ֿ˿¥£ϰѾ˹ˣ˵˼Ҳòǹܡ
Ҿеˡίۡ
Ҳлȼ޻ʱԼܶ࣬˵ʱԼ֪Ӧԡ
ֹ˽̫أֱֻ˽ֽϵһ
¶ԶΪ̫塣粻֪˵λʧ䣬Ҳû˵ˣרעؼԶ
ҳԼһ˽㡣лȼС죬Ҳ֪˵˭
Цһ¡лȼȻһϵࡣ
㵱ΪʲôҪȥҵлȼһͻȻʡ
̧ۿһ𴽽Цɵ˵ԶΪ˻ʣ
ߵʱлȼǼװģҡҡλε¥СⳡϽҲϣϾлȼ˰ͷϾ绹ǸС
һСӵݸС˵ˣС˵˵˺ü顰ллү
ٳŵʱǸŮԭŮǰﳪ裬ּϴϽӻȥּϴ磬ֱϳˡϰżھ¥ûּ϶֡
ôҧҧ촽ǳ۵شӻͳһСӣغС˵͸άϣԺĺõֻСһģְӵ̫ˡ
ҼСӹӣĿ뿪ʱ̾ţôСŸ˻ؼ̫˰ߵòΡΡģôǮ͸С˺𣬿϶ΪռСˣ
ͷлȼ̲סһֱЦһתͰɿˣлȼһ˱Ц˺üŷӦͷ磬ԭҲϲϷ
ĮûС
ֲ䣬Ϸ˾ͶǸѧġ
лȼЦ춼ҪˣҲ֪Լôþôйصһͦġ
ʵҲͦõģˡ
ûסȥ˼ѽִչ
Ǿ¥֧ȨƵĸŮ֧ȨƵүŮ϶򵥡һ͡
ޡлȼԭ

̫еҵ죬һǺ˾Ȼû뵽ôɵ
ȾҪлȼЦջȥˡ
绹ͦ˵ģٽлȼ롣

ս9

лȼ˻ؿջûֱӻظԷ䣬øڵšʱ̫ȻֻӵķŵƣǶһۣԤеʲô¡
ӿʱŹǷ˯صǸ̫˽죬ոջ˵ҪǣſϾ˯ˡ˽
Ǽأ˯ˣлȼʵ
Сˣͷеȣʹӿȥˡ̾⺢ҲǶֶѣôǻš
ȥˣıߣһߴ򿪴˿棬ǺܵǺӡ
ջǰųȥߡӻû˵꣬ͷˡ
ǺӺɩʲôϵôģȻˣӦҲڱ֡²ۣлȼߡ
ɩˣڽ硣лȼòԼ˱裬ҡҷĹϣʲô顣СҲûʲôϵֻǴɾˣܾܲڲ
ŶҲûֽ˵ԼҪ˵£֮Ǿ͵óԷԸ㣬СȻ͹ˣԭǽһ顣
лȼͷҲ֮С
ϴ󣬽ҲǱˣҿǵҲС·ӻ˵
ǿܾǿ˰ɣսʱСĵҲǺõġлȼָʶ棬صô
֮ǰˣһֱġͱһҲ˵԰ģ֤úһһ̤ݳǣҲܼĵع
ǲͣƽʱӦҲܸͦɡûɱȥԮǣΪս·չҲϡлȼĿǰ֪鱨
ȥ˼Ȼӣ϶ǵġϲԵû˱Щǽһ˸ϣݳǵĿشǸĺùˣǼ类٣֮ÿһ̶ǿҡ
ǵǡЩδͨҪһСġлȼü˼վ𣬱ԼԷ
ȿ쵽ʱ洫˵߶лȼִ澰ҵСҩ粢еľȻǰ챻ĸŮ
СȷʵЩȣҽּҩ²ҵҽʦֿ˺յҩǴӦûһЩСһ׵ҵۿɼмغлȼ˺üл
лȼеЦõã֮ûмʩЩǮƵǸжˡ
ҵĲʱѾϴһգҲ鶼Щʧ䡣
ҵȦЩ죬ɤӵ֮ΪԺΪӰǰ󡣡
лȼЦŰ˰ָȥ˯۸ҵȥһ£ҲطϢˡʣˡ
лȼѯ磬ͣҽԭ·ؾ¥⻹ᱻ˵Цұͬס
ǰĴ磬ͨؾͬʱŰ˵Ϣ֮ǰƺ޹ۿЩףݶ԰ףʱվǰ˸質ʱľ۾Ҳû竹ӶʱǿֲƣԵú㲡
ҲЩҩ԰չǸӡƹʱȱȥллιұҲͷϵ˰þҸջסġһ˫ųƳɤҲЩɳƵͳֻ΢΢Ĳɼκοѵͷļǿ
һ±飬΢΢ЦöҲѾתˣӺСյˣѵõˡСһҲܿġ
лȼЩЦ£æԷǧ˽ôҪ©ǵõװýСסĿͷҲл´һ
ЦȻ֪ȴ¶ЩĽİˡ
Ҳڰȥˣ飬ҲעġЩͬ飬ᰲο
Цŵ˵ͷ
תлȼ䣬ţлȼ磬հɣ
Ҳָޱ֪˼ʲôеʮֿ϶ᡣ
ȵȵģлȼֵʵ
ǿ뿪ŵģʱ˿Ѱ֪ΪŪʪˣȥҵҽʦ˵
ˣǱˡлȼ˳Ż£̯һţﱧԹǰÿδԽҲҪǶ𣿡
ϣһʮᣬһõŶ𣿡
Բ㣬ҸϺˡлȼʰһӣҪ̵ϡ
Ƿϵصĵ棬ǡҴʱģýֵ׽һ£˵׼ҹܸʲô⡣
˯¡粻⡣
Ҳ˯棡лȼܾ
Ҳ˯ЦС
㲻Ұҹʲôлȼ
ҸɵʲôҾɱ㡣ЦУٴ졣
лȼҧʲôʱһ٣˵̸˵˯һŴԶοԼ
ϴգ۾лȼȥ˯
лȼŤͷװûԼıߵһߣߴ٣°ôˣ컹æء
ɣĥ촽лȼ
аɡ˽ȥ˵һģͦá
ҲòλлȼЦС
ĵλҪڲһ͸ΪԼĳʤԺ
ǺޱҪһޱ졣
лȼû˼תͷͿ컨壬磬Ǳģ
練õģֻ֪лչС
лȼĬһ˵ݿ϶⡣
ͬ⣬˵ˡ
쿴лȼʡ
áش
ˣӺ˵Ǹùٶ൱áлȼȻ벻̫һ㣬֪سǽʿܺΪβȥԮأ˵ӱһСʱϢ˻ǲȣʱմҲûô࣬Ҫȥ˵׼ܾЩˡǸӵ𣿡
Ҳ˳˵ȥ
ܸ֮Ǵ𰸡лȼƻһЦ
ţ˯ɡӸס
һȫûжлȼͷֻͷںڵĳҵͷ󷽣¹Եøᡣ
лȼĿһ£ôССһֻԼıӶԱסЩƫݣȥ紵ҡμ£ƽǰŸ˽ȴҲʱش𡣿һֵ߲˼ˣʵֺϸģעͨ˲עϸڣ˼ԼʱӵϻҲԼţԸȥˡ
лȼߵˣɾǣһ֮ǰƣ۾˯ȥˡ
ԱߵıУ߽ƽĺ۾˵Ů۾˵¿˽
¹˵ϣҹɫ

ս10

峿лȼʱ绹ڰ˯ӾȻȻͷϡ
лȼһԼȥȻͻȻŮһסӣŮʱѾһ޹ʬ塪ŽԼĲѪҺȪ˯˸еϳʪճѪҺתѡ
̫ѪˣԼŰɡлȼ롣
ȥʱŷԼѾѵĺ˶ѾԹڸСιҩСɵ࣬ſھſڣȫûƽʱ˭ɫ͸˭ɫԡǰҲܹɣ⺢ӻǶŮ˾رĺá
Ǹ¹ѣûüкӣСĿ⵹ҲʮִȰ
ǿˣлȼҡҡͷͻص˷䡣
ʱѾˣӵűӿǽ
лȼϷͻ·˫ֱ˵ǽǣһʣôֶŵģ
ãؿ˹ʽ𣬻ǻΣ
аɣϷӲסͺΡԷԷ
ӡۺҵֶ˳ȥǳȥúóԺú˳һݳûʲô¶лȼչȥСڽд֣ͬһϣдһ֣Сһ֡
лȼۣɸпǲŮɤӺãҲͦΣˡ
һЦЩлǰδ߶ʱ˽һЩҲǣЩϰ
лȼ׽ص㣺㻹ǵǰļ𣿡
ɻ󲻽㿴˿ɴ߶ǵüҲɣ
ǻϵ𣿡лȼʷ
źҡҡͷЩ˽ĸѾȥˣɽ·ԶҲûܻعҡ
Сҡҡ֣ŴŴ㣬û׼˵ĶǼٵأ㲻Ҫİ˵Ļֺüлȼôĺĺأ
лȼһʱҲ֪˵ʲôã⣬ȷʵûʲô˵Ļ⣬ʱӦҲûʲôԼĸЦ
νڰָ֣ʣдһơͶȣǴҹ㳣塣С˵ûģ㲻Ҫôװ
С͹ɵͷԼϸʼ˳αȻôҲʡһеذѱץģûС죬ֺд
ıʰסССȭͷĶдһ飬Ϊֵķ˼ִ֮ӵһдһһ
ʼѧдҪģͻᷢдһܼ򵥺Ȥ飬Ժ󻹿Զ飬ȤġԼһ֡ȷʵǸʦ
дֱдһ磬վڴǰעŴ⡣лȼżҲῴۣͬղûʲô֯ˮһֶĳС
лȼûٹȥд֣ȥЩĺִдܲһֻоÿһƪ˵ʲôͻ˲ʱ䣬Ȼ˼ˣ㹻˼룬Ǽ׶ǱȽóġлȼзһʮַȤȻĻҲ÷ơ
Ӽ˻õϢơоʢ˵²ż汸Ϊֱ¹԰Ϊȣʹñ֮˷
ϴǻҪ伸գǿشĻע⵽ǼС𣿡Щͷйһ죬Ҳûзʲôע顣ΪݳǾͻлͿؼ棬ӶʩչԴǣʹȶҲУձ𣬸ο縸ϡû뵽֮ȴֻߡ䣬ûдκιԱĻᣬҲûʵʲôǷꡣ
лȼĲɽ¶ˮȴʮ£òǸʵү߾ɣĻȴ˵ˣлȼϾǾĶˣ֮ǰҲʮ־ޣֲҶˡ
קקӵĺӱû˵ġ
лȼɫһ飬ӼŻشҲڷ۲ֻҵһԣΨǴӺ뷨սͿʼԼűС˫õ
ûԼĻɣעˣֻӦڿˡڻʱ˫ڰ۲ԷҲͲһ
¶˼ɫ̧ۿлȼüΣ¶ʵǸĺǹҿ˵ûϣҲġ
ҵûʲôɵ۾ԽŵһʱĻңڲԵʵСʲôðɣ
лȼҡҡͷ۲ʲôġǼЩƣֻǹ۲ݳǣ۲ǡȴӦǸˣߵͷǵѾͲ֪ˡ
ҵŵɫڽСϰ֣һЦҵ˵չС϶ԼչҪõĶ࣬صġ
ҵɫһ䣬СŵĸףЩεصͷ
ȣҪȡ˼ʹͷȴҲҴݾߣ鷳СȻƽݳǣ¾ʹˡսڼϰõϢûϢٸңͲҡ
лȼÿշ飬ﵹôżֻÿһֻ䡣ܹܵĵȻܣģʹ糤ȻҲֻܹʱ˲áֻǸξһŲ֮ͨˣżȻսĺһƬۻסԼͻͲˣĻࡣ
ΪԶᵽʱȴҲ١
ÿӣŮˣʹ绰٣ҲȻкܶ໰ġлȼеǮ˱㳣ȥ֣ЩϲĶŮ֮ĵ顣Ȼ󲿷ʱһСһЩǸΪõĶ
ʱ죬ֱһ翴Ҳڳڣɺ˴磬˵ź
粻׺ôڷɭϵ¶һź˵ǣܱշǿ϶ġסС˲ص˲ᱻֵĽ䡣
ҲǰļˣûκηӦֻǲؿ˿磬͸Ŷ
Сһ˲ۺˮס죬СʹûۿǵĻ棬ʱҲһֱûȴ˵ʱĲҽͰԺһĿ־塣
صջ署ţ˶˷ŭȥѾǳû뵽˾Ȼö֮ݳǣݱƽҪˡ
ԭֻЩ̸Ȼܻȵյ֣ɫȻһü΢壬ԭɫʧ롣
лȼעȻķӦǲûἰ˭֪ġ
ɨһ飬֮ǰȫˣֱɳǸҹǿŮӣֱͦ米侲֣صѯʣ
λпˣ

ս11

δлȼȥڿջʲôЩʲô
ҹɫ£뿪ջʱʵߣյĽֵľͷֻмż߹ĸʿûһ˶˵ĳ顪Ƚˡ
ûǰãǱ˳ŸһƬܶʿСǰԼսʱסլֲۼȴֲΣֱ߽һխСԺԺſڻƶ˸ĵҲûжϳ˵ݡ
Ժſţȥ䣬һ뿪ˣһ˽ȥԺСŵӣʿ͵мӣ˵Щ£뼸λҵȺ򡣡ֿͷŻصſڼվڡ
˲衣˭Ҳûֻ۲ӣǽϾɣҾҲٶأǰӦһ˳ԷĵطʱΰЩǿ˴ҡһӦԭеģûݳ޵óƷҲɾࡣʹö˶Լ˵һӡ㲻
㣬˭ڿɸ˵ˡ絭Ц˵ͻȻı仯ʲôȻʧҲάԭĳƺ
ˣЩʧˣպúദԭΪѾѣûһԸȻϸְܵദʮڡ
ʱ龰Ҳ֮⣬ָܿ˹ӣ΢常ˡ
˶̧ͷû壬ȴ֪徹ݡ
״Ц渽͵ʱҲţнϸҡ̰һʱ··˿дȥ˽̷ѧ̷ҺԶʱֲ֪ںηҼóԺôҲͽ˻ؼҵ˼շתݳǣ˱ض常常ؼңȴѾӦÿճҲӣֵĻӰ常;ܾϡɷ˴£ǡĽңųȢһ˼ңʮءϧþȥּ˲׽ֻ˷¥ǡ常ע⵽ǣ֪Եͬסˡ
ͬסǼӣҲֵȶɡ
лȼֺγûз
һƬžûٷԽ׽ˣһ˺Խǲ֪ദ
ˣԼϣ˼
ֲ֪˶ʱ䣬Ÿ֨һ죬˫ɫѥ̽˽˽̧ͷ
һһ޼ʮ룬°ʹһСӣЩȻŻᣬ۽Ѿ˼ơǼģźԴ˼ˡ
վ塣
ǿˡ
תͷͷʾ¶˼ɫôˣ
ʵԱǿ˺ڳڡ
ͻȻչһЦ΢΢ҡͷǻϲư̾˿˾ˣҲס
лȼԣ۾תһȦŽҪ˵ĻϵЦݣͻȻ飺Ѿźô
΢΢ЦҡҡͷСӵۣϧЦȥüëҪϳ
ϧʲôһֱȻʱ˶ܵһѹԴﱾܵĿ־塣
лȼӣѹŽŮ죬˵Ҫ˵һ
Ǻǡ忴˿лȼֿ磬εЦ˳
Щ˵ʹˣԼ뷨ƽҲûң쵹ǼЦҿϧСɽ̣ȴǻ볯Ϊ٣ΪЧˣβϧأ
лȼͫ΢΢Լй¶Ϣ򽻵Ҳôּ΢֪ĳߣһʱҲЩ㶡
οأҲʮָȤʵ֮ǰ常û뵽常۾Ϳ͸ˡ
λ컯֮ˣֻ컯ΪΣҾͲ֪ˡܿ޷ǾǺٵ˲ˣעԼСӣЦŸָ㣬㣬һΪ٣δ˵ֵˣ
Ȼϸ룬ֿ˼ΣҡͷûУȴһֱ˭
лȼҲЦ˳ѹֿһۿûΪ֮⡣һۣҲЦ⣬صڰпڽԱг߷緶ǽǺǮӵʾˣӵܣ;ģ֪ܲ˭
ϸڣͨ˾úܼ򵥣һֺ뵽
ҺҲҪαװĵطˡ
лȼغĶԻѸе쳣ʲôѺ֮
ʿأǲѾźˣ
ͷֳ޵㯺˻ոãѧһ˵ĶΪԼ޷ˣοҪһˡ˵űø˵飬ȴббϷ۾ЩӨ֮ɫ
ЩӦҲ㸲ô׾١Ͼǳʹ֮ɫ˿ȥ϶ƣȻƽȵؼƭ˳ؽߵˣ֪ʱ򣬳ѾˡֻýƾͼƣЩ޹ĽʿͰգô˱˵µꡣ
۾һգʱ͸һãȻ
ڳ֮˱˾壬һʱκﶼܲ԰ס
лȼ侳ֻЩ˿Щ̵ĸܡռİ˵ʹ࣬·һբڷſŸܵԭЩȥĶǻˣ˶ѹࡣ
ԭΪԼ˴ѪӳƱݳǹԱע⣬ʱԼЩǰıϵĽ׼ƣƾԼӦĸǿ֣ԾǳأҲӼ˽ҵĻᡣûòԼԼֺγǴ˼Ƥ˼Ϸ
лȼҲЩԷƱ屾˴ƴһԭļƻǺЧġ
𽥴ӻںлע⵽лȼվڣɿЦλСѼЦ⼸ǱţէȻɣЩζ
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ҲûлȼΪлȼѾǹȥʱˣˡ
˭·˭Ҳ
ȱ˽ĳʶ˵˿Ҳ֪ô죬Ծ͸лȼһֱǰȥлȼһЩвĶֺܿ죬лȼû⵽
Ҳˣͻ֪Ѷˣ롣
ԼͲ˼Ҫôˡ
лȼȷû⵽磬ע⵽ƬΣնϡ١еһۿľУƲ⵽ԼҲнĳ޵أʱ죬ó˯ǾҪҹ֮ǰҵһƬʺŵĵط
ˮԴء
ܿʶԼʱٿ⣬ΪҪˡһ󺮷ɭ֣ܶСﶼлȼЩҶֲǵҶק׼ԺˮáһˮҲȡһҲԽһˮ
Ϊʲôûй룿Ǯлȼȱˡʵû䵽ԭʼɭ֣ҲûԭʼɭǰѵҲΪ˿ǿЩ·Ұݡ
ϡϡˮˣҶĿ϶
ҺɡһѣлȼɡſסԼһΧһӲݴСֹ
뵽ϰߣЩǵֺ磬첻Ҫϣ
ǡþվڸһ֦ϣĽǶȣÿԿڲݴмֻȵлȼ
лȼѣЦٶȣȫÿסϾżȻ·һ£ֲǳġΧһߵȵ֦ĿҲʹ󽵵͡
лȼĽ飬ûм棬֦ϡ
ͷ֦ԵһˮҲֻˮڵֱӳˢ޷ڳˣ겻ʹָҲǿ󣬼ʹҲָܱ
꣬עлȼķ
лȼͲͬˣлȼǸͨˡȥˮϣ겻Ҫ̫ͨǺܴġ
ˮԸǽؼǶһӣаתĶﶼԼɭҲˣԳ
Դ֦ľˮڵҡţһͬסصʫ⡣
ԽԽˡ
лȼ·ʪлܰοԼɫףѰܶࡣֻȻҲ׼ɵֻǴʱ޴Уʲô·óҲá
ͣ
ԽԽһơ
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ȴְɡſԱװˮˮˮͰѱлȼ
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˿翴ڵϵлȼߣƱͷҪꡪлȼţȻһƹϰץס첲˳ɡһֻ䣬ô뿪ˡ
лȼѵǲȻװΣεزۡ
ƣԵòײ࣬бŮһ֣ܳˣлȼƤҲ۾
ʵһ۾ýӴزСȶܸܳлȼһĸ̥ʿ£ʵڲ֪Եòḡֻװεס
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ʱҲһˤݶϣһɫֵķգֻŹȥ
лȼΪ´ŴŵˣԽʱһͷʱʪ͸ķ˿˿˿ϣԵԭͿ˵Ӹϧ
лȼ۾ʱǴŷʹ˺һοתԾȥָİš۾ηֵظ
òʣǲȱ׷ߵһ˰ɡΪȥϵˮƵôһΪҪ׷Լš
УлȼǷ

ԭʼɭ2

綢лȼһ˲ܾǰ龰ʶʶǴҲɽϼһϢлȼԶû뵽񵽵ĲǸˡ
ʶУֲϴΣǻһָ
뵽дסͷƽ磬ƽ
ŮԼķ˿ͬʪ͸ؽͷ˳󣬾ȥѨʰЩǰ׼õĸɲҲá
ӨӨ۾һһȥһϰһЩĻɫɫõصһ
лȼ治Ľ΢΢ۿȥĵͺˣԼͽˣۼװΣĥԼúʱ
ûžžȼСһֱΧתʱʱмע⡣ӣӡ
ûлȼߣͻȻקקлȼ·
лȼ
С˵йŮɽᷢоʲôţлȼ￪ʼԾɵúЩŵصȴһĶ
ְлȼ۳滹ʪ͸͵ˡ֧һ׵ľܣʪ͸۹ȥ
СǸת·лȼʱ˳š
֮ǰлȼҲóӵˮڻһ󣬿ϱС
մɱӡ໨ɵģƣܹŷûִо״ܿۺϵĸӻƿơ۸ûĻô
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ЦЦȥЩˮûмӣȡ˼Ӳ֦ʪˣмǿۼγһպ÷±ӵĿ϶־ˮ
лȼ۾ԶڷҡҷڻǰӰͶǽԵǿȻȴģҲ֪ѧһա
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Щ·ûģҪҪһ£
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СǵͷشҲǣˣҴؼҺõһסĵط
лȼϸ۲СǣȻҺЩһȳһյģҲԻĲ޼меɭҲԻĻͦʵġ
ƺлȼһ㣬̫̰ˣ̫ܵԶˣҰġ
Сǲ˵צӰ֣ʾسлȼ˼
ףлȼ˵ߣһСϵëӲЩ֡
СצӾҪץҺñסצצ𣿡
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𣬡һȥԣ
ΪεؿںС˵
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лȼǷŲҪԵĶܲȥŪЩСȻ϶ЧʱߡֱľǿܷҵȨ
ȥɡ취룬Ӳܶ
ס½ǣ尢̻׼ʳģò㡣
尢̣лȼ̹⣬ûаƥǵ˼ֻǽסǵĶѨָǰæԵģ벻ֲ
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һߣҡҡͷֻҪǶͿԡʵҲһԵģչ˼лȼûгȥ
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ЩһԴ˼
лȼˮʱʱƫȥһں硣ڿɽڵĵطӶûӰУ̧ͷɽƺǣﶼԿԣ֪Щʲôʲô롣
ϲƵĺ£ȴ˰Ը
۹۰·ޱȣȴһ²ĵӡ
лȼǵĳʱԼѩɽа棬Ҫ̽ӣϱѩȲˡֱӷִȴ磬մɵĺܣããѩһֺաԼסĵطһɽϵСݣﻹЩҩ
ǾĬ˺üգÿո򵥵ʳҩƷҲ¯ӵĻǷȡлȼԼǲģ̣ʾʱһʱڱѩолȼλֻܿĺ£һԶꡣ
־صˣô᲻ء
ļлȼΪһζݶصԵ
ˣعءԵ
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Ǹڲɱ˽ȥظİ顣õĵ˼޽ˡ
лȼõˮߣŮЦЦҵлüȴһƲײĳ˼
лȼҲע⵽ǼƥǳȥʱƺЩ֪ǲҪʱ䣬졣ֱֻĸеԾķӦϲ
Ȼ洫һǺлȼѾΣûһθе˷ŭСӶ飬ǳˡ
һ˲վͷлȼ˵ţҪȥ֮˳ȥ
ûɭʶ·츳ҲսǵصĴꡣȻǹԹԵš
ʵ綯һ̣֪ˣһֱܵΣʤԼ
лȼɽǱǵǾʱԱܿġʹͬסǱܡ
ߵɽ⿴ʲôҲȻ
ô

ԭʼɭ3

籧Сǣ俴ǰԷˣһϻѪһַһֻŹ˻ֹͳ׷׾ؿ˹
ʱƥȺ˶ţǺȱһһȳһյġ֪ν£ʱֻһѪڡСǱϴѪס󾱣˻
κܿ죬δȡСǱڻƥǵǰ档
ľ档
ǱͻȻһͻȻһ˺СҰһġ
˽ŵس˻˹ûһһǼм䣬ɻתһȦ˵Ͷ䵽˵ϡ
ôŮʣǻԲģԭ
Ǹ˵ƺӽϴ󣬵¿Ƕ֣ǰŲ档СͻȻܳҧңô˵
뵽֮ǰС壬Ҳ⼸裬ŵϤζûӴˣȻͳ
΢΢̾˿֮ǰ˳ӲųȥġԺҪ߽ôʲôҰ޶Ҫǵ
˷ˣҪĸǲάּʳʵЩתҪżֻ뿪Щ飬ԼȥŪ֪лȼϲһԡ
йУĶԵЩ̶
֮ʣҽѸޱȵһʯֱ֮ȥ׼ֻʯײ֮ϵʯʸͬʱˡ
ǱʧһҪץסվϵ˵֣Ѿڶ֧
ʯգۼ㵽ǰһʯһʹ֮¹ִ䵽ϡ˿ҲͶʮͷüһªİ̺ۣһǺú¶֮ˡ֮ǰȰ˿ͱһЩʱ
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еСǸոոܵΣգʱٻغͼ˵ſš
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Ĭͷˣɫȴ¶ѹʹ˸еҲʲôԸ顣
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Ȼػͷţͷ˽˿ڰãͬԵ˵ͷʾ𣬾ǰ档
·ԲȻǼ米ͦΣ¹ѹȺ˶Ըġ
Щ޹ˡԶȥʳʱϸϸŷȻͷСȻ߱¹ӣʱѪˮȻӸнȷʵ¹ɡ
С£˿ڣŻ˵档Լ¹ߣƥǰظš
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ȽҪֻ¹ͲԶˡ
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лȼ߳ȥӹԭֻӡ
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ְʣµʱԱͨ紦ԱҪֻͬദ˼գҲѾϰʳ䷽ʽ
лȼʰųԹĲʱڽСϦĹԴ͸űӳɳȺɫĴءľިƽɭַ·ֻ
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ƳۿͻȻҲȥǲѾˣ
лȼж˶٣Լֻ׼ļ£׼Ԥġȡڵϣʱ˺ܶࡣĻװػش
εˣ㲻ȥҲѾʲôˣôأ
Ҳȥأִֵؿ¶𲻶Ĺ⡣
лȼûֻҪֻҪȵҲʵشˡ
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ͷЩᡣ

ԭʼɭ4

鲻֪𣬾һ
лȼǰ仰֮Աǣ³ԹŮһѣǴ
һԱ
ǿԱߺĿǳߵ磬;һкηϲߣҲԷҲ
һʯ˶һ㣬µӲʵһûϵʯģʯܡ
뿪ִӱֲڳʱиʱлȼɭеʱ÷ǳҡ˵ʼϢִʱʮһŻ׼˯ߣƺͿϢˣʱ쾹ȻҲӡʵó˯ѡлȼеʮ档
ѨʣսӵˮȥֹҸȼһȦǻ綼˯ÿζ˯磬ŮӶ
˼޹չһ壬ϸ۲˸ĵΡͣʱϦʱ֣ɫֻľܸߴ󣬴˿ϸ۲ŷǵĶѨһɽ֮ϣǰ߲Զһ͵б£ľԶԼĸӸߴ
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ּһˣչʲôԭǣ
뵽ʲôõķ𣿡
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˫۾ڨڨؿһ£תС˵ⲻ𣿡
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Һֻˡ
лȼˣҲûʯͷĻһ¡Ȼֱһ£ʯͷ䵽˵ϡ
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ȡһ⣬лȼ˺ܶ࣬ⶼˢͷϼӿơֻҪǵʱʱתӣܿĲ
⣬ȥǷʳ˺һݸ磬⽹ۣӦûɣлȼеССĵ⣬ߺߣΪѧȻѧʲôֵġ
ҧһڣֹлȼ飬ʱҲ֪ЩʲôĴָ̫óˣ
лȼ˲ˣֵظԼҲ˺һһ߷Уһ߸˺һš˳ıóԣšȻصִҲҪ翾ԣʱϿ϶ζ
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ˣǲҪ׼һµʳˣǲҪˣǽȥ԰ɣҿֻӷŵͲˡлȼһ죬ˣԾԾҪȥ塣
˼ԼβѪȵزɱһֻһ㶼ֱˤο϶ǲˡ
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ûùҲԺã罫һöģһָСƮƮ˵ϡ
ڶаЩʹɾһڱż΢Ʒ˳ȥʹʻںܿתŷɻСڵбʮַջʱıпһǳǳ˺ۡ
лȼĽǶȲûп̫ˣ˿̫ϸֱ粻ɫغ֣Ѫ˿˿˳ȥһöڵĹôĴָĨȥһѪ
ܺãǰôû뵽ءָл
лȼﻶϲصִоϵͳɹǲҸֵİϾǸŮӣԸ⿴ǺⲫŮϵĲͲ˵ˣҪǻŪĺࡣ
鵽ڿԻص˵УһֲֲʧƸſʼƵġҪľǡ˻ƾо鹤ָлȼȫԿȷ
еĽһ֪ǷƷаԼ͵Ļڲǰѽ
СģͷͻȻлȼһϽ
羹ǰ̧ͷ촽û˵ǣסлȼ֡
ϷˡߵлȼԺ뵽

ԭʼɭ5

·һɽȪǰ棬Ȫˮǳʤ峺ˮ¶ʯԿһˮϣģжȥһͷ
лȼԭΪῴܶදˮϴСοԼˮܻɾࡣ񿴵ɽȪϲɽͻȻֱͨˮ̽ȥһ£ָżϴڡ˼·ƾɽһʼʢҲֻɽļȻ
С̶Ϥ֮ȥ΢ЩĵطˣʱһˮغܡǲҰǣ챻ĳˡ
ˮǳû࣬лȼЩ֦塣յɭ־Ϳʼ˼ķʽˣʱȻûʲôԥģֱȥЩ֦Ϳʼ塣пһԱߣΧĻҲעлȼķʽ
翴Լֻʵֵζ࣬кܶɽҰӡ¹ߵˮǱ߻кܶҰ࣬ʳﲻḻζʹ㿾һҲζĺܡ
лȼ
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ȥˡʯӣͻȻ˵

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лȼԼҪ˵ʲôˡɫǰôģΥĵص˵ͷ
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죬Ҳûбֳ㰴ϹأҸ¥Ե㶫˳һǸʲô硣

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кãүкðɣүӣûԵһڷˡһڵؤǰ濴ľҪȣǵ·˷׷˱ܡиǮ˲Լֱ̫Ӷ˼ϣؤϽ뿪
лȼû뵽£Ҳ˵һߣȥ˵
ؤӽΪˣ׷׽еϽ߰ɣڳԵġ˭Ҫ黹ӵĹӸϻ߶µضţҲ֪ʲôﻹдʣҲҪֻҪڷͷӳ֣ΪƭǮģֻԵ
ƻɢζǵùӸסӣֱʾ½ߡ˸ļҶϽվǰ棬һ˽ӹ£ҲӻͷӣүҪ𣿡
Ӹ˺˼ϳɥ˫ֿٻţôôߣ¶أߡ
ǼҶһ˺ݺؤһţӻϣؤſڵ϶£վûڵϣﻹ߶ţͷҪ
ӸϽ뿪ҲûֿҲűӸԸԼ·м˶ȥӣ˼ˣؤ˹һĭϡ
ؤΧģֻˤصϣһӵǽǿǽڼһֱŶ
̷Ҳش̯ԶЩܱҲ벻ˡлȼʱС˽ڶʲôʱȥ·˶ȷʵĶ˲ģֻǲҪǮҲ֡ѵ˵ûȥԣǿ֮ǰȵʱ
Ҳһˡ
лȼִҲؤ˵ֳһСƸӣǵһμֻҪԵġּؤݵΣС۵ĽȥҲûܣﻹǶЩ֮ġ
ȥԱ̯߰Ҫ룬ӵĴÿҲԸ˵仰һؤˣｫӰøʱСлȼ˵Ҫ¿ɵԶСıϣǰҲûʩ̫֪㣬û˹ܵġ
лȼл˴ѡֻǿؤǸһ¶ѵӣӦҲû׷
߹ȥӵݹȥȻؤ̻ʵسһ۶᲻á
лȼתʱؤͬСǲȥɽлȼͷȴȻǵͷһţûһǿյģĶпպ˵
ȷԼɽʲôط
лȼڽתһȦϹأռӶɾǼң϶¥Ѱ˸λãСЩƲԣһ߹۲棬һ߲žƹĵ顣
ȻݣҲ㹻лȼɽظ顣ﶼΪȥɽתȦ֪Щʲôʢ¡
Сٶ˲ʱлȼͽסóһСɽҪôߡ
С¿˿Χȷûʲôע⣬лȼ˱ˮϴϴӣһߵʣˣ治֪ɽô߻֪ôߣ
лȼȻ֪ôߣȴȻһЦ֪ɽ֪ţȻЩȥɽʲô֡
Сü۵Χѹɤͬ˵Ҳɽɽš
лȼֻ˼ز
СΪڴԼ˵ˣֽͷЩŵҫص˶ΪɽȻΪɣǿ϶˾ȴˣ㿴ɳ֣ɾǹϵģɽҲȴͬһɲ²ŻĶأ
лȼʱʱŴ⣬һֱҲƲӰӣ²ܻȥû˼СŪ飬οСﳣţͬ˵ţԺҲͬ˵һӾ򵽵鱨Ҳûмֵ鱨
ӹСõĲ裬һ£бСһۣ¶Щͷɽɽ·
СʶȤȻҲʧ˵ȥĶǮֱֲ뿪ֻǻɵؿлȼǿûӵɵӣ˵ҲˣشҪȥɽ˭һ𣬲͵ˣʲô
лȼ̧üΪҶҪȥأ
ǷҵõġСЦһлȼûʵ˼Ҳɺ뿪ˡ
лȼԳԶ羰ھ֮ǰã˶ҪǰɽᷢʲôʱܼʶˡߣӦҲȥֵĵطȴԼ
ڶ¥ôãѾע⵽ֵＸ㾡̾Լ֮ǰϼĹӸһȨƵүԼͬƹݶ¥ҲȱƸǶ¥Щֵ彣ˣոСҴ˵ӦҲ´ŭǣǵһǡ
ٿ¥£ҲЩԼֵСﻹƫƧĲУȴѾ֯ˡֵϹʽƹݲ߰˴Ȼ˵ϯҲࡣ˴˶ҪǰɽΧȴɽӦһξ롪ʢ£֪ܷ񶩵סķ䡣
лȼ뵽磬Ҳ֪ƽԼԽʱôóǮġ
лȼӼвˣ̧ͷһȴһЦӯӯԼĶ档ӣлȼеţ⣬лȼˣҲŲæģܳ𣿡
лȼ
һơˣȻƽһַǳϤĸоողżһлȼﲻǾ̨ʣүүҴǰġ
һƫͷֿ¥ؤ˸ȥһǽ¡ؤ˵൹ǣлȼϸ˿ǰߣǰһ룬˳õ൱
ǰسлȼĺòˡ
ӵĴƵѣСıˡ
Ǳˣǰ˲Ǹ̬Ҳɾ࣬ʵڲȱǮ֮ˡлȼҲ벻ҪͬǸô¡
ҺԼѾԱʣʳҲһ߳˲⣬ҲĿܱǸ̻ʻؤҪϺܶࡣ
лȼʳգߵȴ߽ʳ˳Ҳߵһ²裬¿еĲˣֳмζллСֵ
̤ʵг֮硣ǳƣ뵽ؤκι
лȼֲ˼ۣȴѾԱó˲ͼ촽
ǸֵܣͿӣҽкӣϳƺͿӣ֪˵ûС߽ɾ΢Цлȼ

ɷ2

лȼû뵽ֱӾͳ˺ؤĹϵһʱҲ֪ôӻΪãѵ˵һҲóԵô
֮һٷĽ飬ҲںЩǮ͸·¡
߳극лȼһȭҪͬȴסˣԼɽСֵܣҲܰ׳ģ㲻Ҫȥɽֲ֪·ҵǿԸ·顣
˵Ǹʵݵĺô뵽ǸؤлȼͲ̫Ըôˡʩؤһٷʹ˵пǵ鷳ҲԥΪⱾǾ֮֮͡ǣĺҲ˻Ȥлȼȴֻᷳ
ҡҡͷؾܾѾ֪ɽߣͲͷˡɽˮԵԻټ
֮ǣͷֿɣҲˡҲƭˣ¥½ȷʵӣǼȻѾ֪˴˶ͬһĿĵأֻ㷹ǰηȥɽô࣬治Ҳ·
Գƺӵ˵ҲûʲôܸУֻһָָ¥µؤлȼ˵ֵ䵽ҿɲֻһߣҲģ綩˼ᣬҪͬУһһ㲻Ը⣬ҲɣֻȥѱСҪ˯һҹ
ʱ＾лȼŵ£û¶޽ͷʲôֲ֮Դӵ磬ܾˬ棬Ӳв
ǮѸлȼֵһȥתǴͷһۣȴѾҲˡ
ƭôʲô£˿ڿˣг;ô
š
ֵ۵лȼһҲЩ˾оѧģóͨеķȻÿѧ۷ôء
ô룬ǳ·֮ǰؤĵط̲סһۣȻڱʳˡԼӶˣȻ֪СĶ䱥лȼ²ۡ
߹ʱ·˺Լ˵ιιι˵ʲôţ
ؤķлȼתͷؤȻںǰϵСй
ˡ
лȼһ㼦Ƥ۲һȺ򣬾Լǰеķ
ͺˣŹֵĵطܾĳʲôⶼ˾棬ֻϣǱ߲Ҫʲô顣
лȼǰ˲ƽĹŵԭҰ洦ɼһЩ»ɵᣬ·ǰԣȻЩϣ˴ɵˡô˶ûһõģȻ½½ӣлЩʥׯϸС
лȼ䲻ͬ˻ķԼĸʱʹмԼԸġЩȻǣʧôÿնϣصȴţҲһҲδ֪
ԽǰߣȺԽһ̫СȻСǰ
ɽС򡣾˵ڴޣ˳ִ˼Ե±аۣʹС׿Ե˼ֱ֮ͣ˭ԼǸɸ֮ˡ
СֻвǰסЩ˼ң˴˵·ļªջ⣬ҲЩͷһ㲻Ǹ·ṩϢ֮ԽΧԽӹµĿջһȦһȦĲ¥ĿջڶȻв޴ŵĹ·ˡ
˵еǷڶδ֪˴˿Ŵ˵ԽԽõġ
лȼ˻С֮⣬˵еɽҲǰˡ
ɽΪɽʵҲֻһɽĸ߶ȣĲջţëɽΧֻʣһԶһֻȦޣ۱ô֮ͣУ޷ٿˡ
ɽ
ɽȻС䱳ȴ಻ɽֲʢԶԶֻܿɫڣӦƬɽһֻ֡ɽһƽأܽӣΧסµˣҲΪƽؾôʵ޷š
ɽȻСȴǰɽΨһʵǵһɽڣ֮ǰ
лȼΪҲѡѰҡ֮ȴֻһеµӣ˴ٶִ࣬СȻߺ죬˷ӵʲô
ʱĦӲƽܳелȼڹŴȴ˻
Ƭ޴ס޵ѡΪϯԵΪлȼ޷ҲһȺ΢Щ˴չȥһȹҹҺԽΣҰ澭ֱɱҲ̫Ϊѡ
лȼΧѰң֪ӦҲôûпء
¾ģҵ磬ͬ練뿪ԽԶԽá˴羰ãֻ̫࣬ʹ˷ꡣ
ûп磬ȴһڲԶһҿջΧֵͬЦ쳣ͷ
ӣôߵñлȼҪ졣
лȼЩƣվλò²Ҳ֪Ͷ˷䡣˴гԣܶĵȻθˡ
лȼٺ˴ڨתͷȥںδҰӪΪá
һƫͷͿϵõˡһ˱˵סĿջлȼ˴¡
վӣһβ׿ȻΧͬסջλһһֺȺΥ͸СòüãüĿЦˣһǫǫӣԲ彣ȻҲϰ֮ˣ֪˵ʲôЦʮֻϲ
лȼһμǰҲỶЦһֱΪԼǸرˣղ֪ˡ
Ծջķȥ߲ʱ˵Ӧ
ô˯߶ϰˣͽһ˯ĻҸ㵥һ
Ӳ֪ʲôʱлȼߣȫûע⵽
ӵĳƺлȼüëһ壬ʲôͽ˭ο˺һۣϴŵ֪˵ĵ⡣
ôһۣѾ߽˿ջ֪ǹӵ˺δ
лȼжµĲУһ·ʲô̫˳ﲻ
Ѿߵջȴ֪Ǹҵֱʻװżߵ߶߶סջĺôлȼͷ
밡Ҷ˷䣬ססҶǮˣֲ˷㲻סǰײסͷੲݡ
лȼתͷȥ
ʶСɣǹӵ˶䷿ôˣ˵ôأͷ
лȼɻ
סʶպԼʶòҲԼͬסˡлȼҲ˵ڼٰ²סһֻһζ˼
ĲУתˡ
¶ȻЦ⡣
Ǽ䷿䣬۸ҲͽҳƺˣҶôʶ㡣

ɷ3

ǿɲУҺòһ䣬ȻܰװóȥͷҡͷЦ
лȼҲ֪﷿˵ǮǮٻĲʲôʣҪҵʦҲҪչʾֱ²ǣȻҺͿţЦ
˸ƴЦһͿоڣ㲻ҿеˣȻ١
лȼ˹Ȼ񾫲ɣ
֮һ䣬лȼ˲Ž䣬Ǵǽ롣еһ֮⣬ŵѧΪഫ˵ֻʱԶ˭Ҳ޷ŪǰйǴΪ׫
ͷţתͷȴлȼҲ˷䣬ɨлȼһ棬ףǺˣȻһҲû𣿡
ߴͳһ滭ޱȵȣһлȼͷ֪СǴϻۻ޶ۡ
лȼҲδͣʵչʾô
ббָڼֻ̨΢ġಡļ̨ȻȼҪлȼʱպٶΪǿ¾ܵ΢С
֣ѾлȼԼһʦԿ
˼һ˲̧ͷʳ⣬Ӧֻ֪żȻˣ뿪ҲǱȻ֮¡
ѳأջӣԼĺӣ΢Цһ֮Եһ֮ʦ񲻸ãͷҲԸ׸ȥչһӡ
блȼһۣƫͷȥ
׸лȼɲһȻͽ˶ԼѧѧģΪһʦӹ˵ִ˻ʲôɽġͷ˸ʦ
ǰʦˡ
ɰصͷȴһǡ
лȼȻһ㣬ߺҲͦɰģ
ʦҿԿҵķ𣿡лȼһ̲Ŀġ
̾˿ȻʦʲôĶǼٵģǸŮ޲ΨһĿꡣ
лȼȻһЦ
ߣ˰ˣΪʦ鶼ͨ𣿡УһѻͭԿףݸлȼתȥڰʾлȼϽߡ
лȼʧЦллʦ
۲ջڲ֣ջһǷãÿΪͷΪ˽Լȡͨ˴ĳṹЩִľƵ꣬ס˸šĲסˣһлȼһ䷿ǰ߹ȥǵñ̬ϳȥɡ
ǲһһ߹ʵԿÿ䷿ǰˡڲԼ
лȼ΢΢̾˿ߵһ¥Ҫ˺ƣ˳ſջ¥ߣֱеߴܣҹеߴ羰ϰߣһ۾Ϳɿ
磬磿ע⵽ߵŮԴӽջһֱ忡ӹеؿ˹
ţ֣֡תͷ۾Ȼûлع
ʣ佫һҹȻǶСһ䣬ͨⶼǼõġ˵
ãû⡣ͷ
ЩĻͬǿʱȻµӣҲڱߵĻȥ
˵ſڣź˵ûʲôҾˣЩ⣬ǲĿŵɱġ֪˴ȷʵ˱ӻ϶֮ǰ֮ȫֻܺúϢˡ
Ӧá
ӿ磬ֹĿʱѾǽڣٿˡ΢Ӣü뿪ˡ
Ŵߣһ㻬ֱĵϡԼ۾дεˮôҲֹס
籧סԼ˫ȣʪ͸Լȹеһһӿζ޷ֹסո֣Ҳʱл
֮ǰѾлȼ˽Խʱҵķʽ¶ҵŴ֮ͻԭصȺлȼҲӦȴͷͻ
Ѱŵʱȴһɱʮɱͬʱɱͬһԭڰ˾뿪ֱеĹ¶˫΢΢ţûзӦ˼ӳֻʮڣҲ׿ҪٴԼǰ
ʶ׿ǰĳһδԽУ׿ĳ֡һ׿Ϊ˱ǰ
粻֪Լ˶ַãٴվʱеΥ顣һ۴⣬Ѿ³֦ͷȥˮǰϴ˰ԼӦлȼҪҵԼ
лȼأ緢Լû߷ţǷվջ˿лȼ᲻ѾΧ
ովĻϣ̧ͷϣ㿴һߺȾһлȼ
лȼҲע⵽Ŀ⣬ҡҡ˾پƺȴЩҡΡڽŷϣ±㵽лȼߣҲע⵽µһžƺлȼίĺӣһֻס磬ȻͰԼĻľȴš
ôôƣҪлȼĻΪһҹ紵ɢҵͷ
лȼȴץôҲϷɿԼ˵лȼҲֻάŤơ
лȼͷʧõ䱦ʮ⡣
ίίʣ㻹ǵأ
磺
һ˿վͳѰлȼôôһôôίֲСˡϾûкȾƣһлȼվͼԼῴʲô龰ʱ˵ס
˵㲻ҪᰡҸ硣
лȼȻÿߵ۾޷۽ˣȴһ˱죬Сسһʣ
ֻҵã˵ɫζ
磺
ʲôʱĸ赥ΪʲôԼȫû˭˵ˣ˵Ǹ磬˺;ƹʲôлȼĸ첲ЩҪԼ䣬ܲһ϶ﴵ硣
лȼסˣôߣһͻȻҪǷ𣿡
磺˵ʲôԼסôͱһסԣǷ䣬Һķ䡣
лȼϣĹ⣬漴ֽˣظһ顣
Цˣǵķ䣬ҵķ䡣
лȼ˵㻰
ƶͷȻֻһ䡣
лȼ㷢ģ
磺˻Ǽˣ
ָҷģֻһϢ
˭Ťͷȥ
ҷģֻлȼһϢ
лȼ΢΢Цרעؿ磬ҲڿʼŲӸ뿪ţ˶ʲôöԶһ㣬Ҷˣôֻ
罫лȼ첲ԼϣӣСؼͣҸ簡
Ҳһ˯
ۣ˵ʲô˵㻹ǡͷۡ

ò׻ص䣬ţлȼǰߣȴͻȻ˺ܶࡣ
ɻؿлȼлȼ⣬ȴѾվֱˣһգգؿǰ
˳Ŀ⿴ȥ׿ԣϻʵķˡ
ʱ׿ҲɫƵؿ˹

ɷ4

лȼûȫֻǿΪԼЩԴס
ʱҵ磬зƣȥҪЩȡ˴ȻشƫƧĸӶĺܣջҲŻҪЩ
лȼ˳ǵƣζԼȹ׾ƣζ㵫ǲˣǲŷĶЩҵʱȻǾҲججģȴ鲻˳£֮˳ֵ֮ûеġ
صķ䣬ȴڷʱ֮ǰľƾ˲ɢ룬Ҳ
ַֻصޣ̵սģʽ
翴׿ʱҲЩ漴Щĵлȼɲ׵
лȼ֣ʾԼް뿪ĲŹϡعͷѾŵЦؿӣֳʲô֣绹δͬҽʶ
ҹĿ΢һ洵뿪ʱδغõֽ죬Ҳ˼¡
׿һֱ磬ֱлȼŷ·оһ㣬º͵شһЦΪ׿հ·ΪͶһͬǰ˴δϵ绹֮ͬˣˡ
类лȼסԣЩ֪ӦԴʱĳ档
Ը˷ᣬ׿ܣлȼҡδŵķ
𲻿ķ練ţҡҡƺҲһΡ
΢죬˵ڲʶԼ״̧лȼһۡ
лȼǣ͵͵ƹһۣͷ΢΢ʹһʱ֪ǷһжƮƮģҲǺ˰ɣ˵һξ
Ϊ˵ò裬дµķˣꡣŤͷ׿ллֳΪҴˣҲˡ
ֱʱ׿ǻûзӦͲӦˡվһԼ䣬ͬ˸ǣˣұ㲻Ŷλˡл𡣡
лȼס׿˵ߣ˵ִڶ٣һطճֵס
׿֪лԣҵȷڶ࣬Ȼоס˿ջιסڴ˴Ҳ޷ġ
׿֮䣬Ѿ䵭ЩȻǱȴѲȳ
ЩʧҲ˵ʲôֻðοԼʱȻűѾ㹻á
лȼͷԿɣַ㼴ɡ
׿ǣתȥˡ뿪ĵعš
ߺлȼϲ¶Щһֵɫϼһô˵ţ׿Ȼһ¿Լ׿ӣ˳ɾʲôͿӼԼʹơ
ֻҪͽʲôͽܵ汳ô
ϵĲͺУ̲ȣأһ뵱ŹһһС׷ȣһֱδȡά֮ǰӡ
ɢ绹Щˡ
ں÷ˣлȼô
лȼҲЩ˿һ飬شֲڰխСͬʳЩܰ⡣׿꣬Լû˴ʱòˡ
ˣǳԴף
粻ȥԼԼֻ֤Լһ˯һе˵Լδһٷʲôء
лȼ꣬õػش𣺡˼Ҷ׼ˣǲԵĻǹһ⣿
ɵ룬׼ķ˳ء
Ҳس׿׼ĶûѹˣϾԽһΣǱΪӵ׿ؼһû磬׿׸磬Ը׼Ķʲôء
ȻҲĽᣬ֪׿зԼ޹أ׿ʱȴĵȷȷΪ˱Լһ׿ȻҲ⣬뻹гԣǮƺ£ҲԵǱ
ǲͲֻΪԼš
ڻǣ·֮ǰԤףȴ֪ʲôԤסֱֳΪԼ֮ǰе쳣ΪʲôÿԤ֪Ҫ˭ΪϧҲ޷Ȼصֳˡ
ʹ˴ˣûԼֳӣҲ״˷Ǳˡ
ôˣôôģлȼע⵽ƺЩ䡣
ȼ磬Ҹ㽲֮ǰĹ°ɡЩѹסлȼһֻ첲һ߼Էһ߸ǰ顣
һȼлȼĶҪˣǷˣѾͷ鲻õʱͻֻС׹һԼҪһοϲ
Ǹһб˶ҧ磬ѾҪˣȼˡ
ʱлȼɺ˼룬пˣлȼȴֱ£׿ǰģлȼ̲ס첲§ڻʱŶΪʲôҪۿ˲̵顣
лȼֻԼﶼڵһ⣬Ѫʹġ֮ǰڷЩ磬Ǹ֪µԼͺˡ
лȼˣʮ˳ɾͣѾ˲ˡ
ȡĶ̽лȼͣһν뿴
˽ƽʱãͽʶĥؼԲ滹¡Ϸп֣幤Ȼ֪ʲô壬ȴ͸һţ롣
ȡڡΪ·Ůմ¡ʫ䣬׿ϣԼԸԶ֮ࡣǳӣ˫ȫǰ;ΪǺġ
ϧҲԼ
Լ飬򷴣粻룬ȴۼӲпı롣
лȼҪ𴦣̽磬黭ʱѧ𣿡
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һҵķɣǸҪһЩ
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еֳδʱѾԼлȼҪ¡
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벶ȸںȺ׷׿Ĵ̿󣬹۲Щ˵աԽԽԾǰЩ˳˸𼸸رõģƺû˵·
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һ֣ͨǲᷨͨˣҲĸ֮֡ǰҪض࣬δ嵽ѱѸװٶȿٽԭǰĳ󣬡ǺһǡõסĶ̱֣̽ΪӶ̽Ϸȥֱȡʺ
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ʣбٻ֮˺ֵߡһǳһԺڲסԼһֻ۾ʱʱһѣΡ
׿ǱѹȻҲǰ֧Ԯ硣עһ̣׿̵һãæ磺Ҫ۾
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໥һۣҪӿʲôȴʲôҲûг̾һشѾͷĹҴδһʱҲ֪ν
ͷľ岼֦Ҷ˶ֹˣĲľ賤һͨҲܿ˿ơٿľѾֱ治ǷȻš
лȼѾûв˼ʣµ̿ҲѸٱƷɱ
׿λ˹ǸմѪȴԿսʤʹ졣
׿ͿӶ˹˸񣬡׿ݼλϣлλϳ
Ҳæ
Ϳע׿Ƭ̣ʵӭĶӣ
׿ͷ¶ѹɫɬǣѾţ׿޴ȥ뵽Ͷıһ֮
ӴʱҲԼ°µĶ룬ΪѵֵȷǺЩŲѾãȺ˴ɱ䣬ҶҲڴ˴пɽ𣬿ɾʹ⡣

ɷ9

׿͵̧ͷϵʱգֻһб֮ͼı㹻ˡ
ͿӶ˶Դ˲ÿɷȴְԽĿ⣬֪Щʲô
׿˼һ˵ʱ˵أʱһλϲɸ˵ҽСǶӣһʱᣬֽҴ˻ȥ
ͿӶĬţһ״֮Զʱ˽¹ͨ
ȷʵҪСʱͺˡ
ѾǸͨҪȥԺ󻹰𣿡
˼⣬˭֪ڵأǷĻʵ۲ˣô죿οɮ濴棬׺ʦн飬ʦ֪⺢ÿ춼ڶ׷ɱҲȥģ
ʦôͿ
òһ¹ֲںȰΣߵѪɺӣ
лȼĮؿЩף˺пǰվߡ֦ǰܵӰ죬ŤַʱŤǱǿ˫ָһ㣬Īֲ
лȼָ֦Ҫڹĺۼȥһ磬˵зڴʱľǰΪʲôأ
лȼ£ૣ磬ܿҪˣѾûˣ
ӺͿϱԽԽң˭ܿó˽·ţƫƫ˵һ֡׿վһԣе߷Χʵڹ졣
ƫͷлȼһ˶ѯȥ
лȼͷԼʵûʲôɳԴ׵ģ׿ԶûǰǸ˹Ȼûзƾʧˡ
лȼҲֻҡҡͷ˵֪ʱȥء
ֹƬ̣Ǳ˲۳ͬ˴׿صţҪֻԼȥұס˫Ŀ˲֪ŵ·
׿ϲȻڴӦӦֿһлȼһҲʧ˵ʵ׿ʮֵĵѯʺܷΪѰ硣
ˣѾͷԼȥɡӷĵػӻ֣׿ˡ׿½ɵסҲһ·ɽȺ
ͿлȼӻͳһƣҪݸлȼͽҪڰ
лȼԶЩ˵ʲôأ
ѾӦѾͷϢˣ֪ڲȥͿӻ͡
Ҳš
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ͿӽƷлȼ࣬ԼתȥһԱߣ¡ִһƣǳľƮлȼȴ˿޷κȤ
绹ڣһġһҲһ㡣
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һȴ˰͸Σ۾ţ˫ֹڴȴʱЩżſƺ˵ʲôлȼȴʲôҲ
ˣҪӵס磬ȴôҲ޷˫ֲϽһʦ
Ϳ߿ȴֻлȼһ˵ĶĿһʽ࣬ȻһץȻץס½ǣ˳
ԼǶͿҲŲȷѧϰûôӡ
лȼվӵŸܵĲԾʱ˵ƺҲֻäĿץлȼĸ첲ȻãȻüͷ
ͿҲ⵽ʱ״̬ԣ뽫һֻ̧û뵽Ȼлȼסٴ̧ŹԹͿӰ
ͿӱĿ˼Ƭּ̣Ѫ˺ۣȷжˡ
жˣлȼɫЩףؿͿӣ˵ư취
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лȼȻͷͬ⡣
Ϳӿı飬֪뵽ʲô£ȻչüһЦ£ûʦβõĲ
лȼҪҲһڲס˫ۣͿȴҡҡͷ޷ֵܶ״ӣЩС¡
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Ϳ̧עлȼǵһʲôЦ̧𴽽ǣȴһ˿ײȻ
ת·ҡͷЦСӣΪɽŻгĻ𣿡
лȼһֻ첲§ס޷磬ಽͿǰǰƽƽ·ͻȻ˱仯Ǵһԭڵ··ߣԵɿ󻬶ƺѾһˡ
֪˶ãͿǿ̾Ľ治
лȼû壬͵̧ͷͿӣȴַֻǰ·ͷ
ͬ˵ôлȼְеɻ
˲ãǰɭ־ȻһƬ֣Ȼͬ࣬ʱǰľ＾ؾ֮ȴһʢ
ԳһСء
лȼͷһȴҲǴһ֣޷ѰٵԼ֮ˡ
֮ɢ˼ңĴסլ룬ͬץһѶһ㣬ΪӡǵҲ⿪ΪΪԲݵء
ٶض࣬ǻǧŻ֮ء
Ϳע⵽лȼĿ⣬ƺҲ࣬չգϲôϲĻҲҿطס¡ȥɽɽϼһҲǷġ
лȼԼҲ޷ˡ
ͿӶ˽հ࣬Ҳ׽֮⣬ʱЩ̲סҪԼ޷áǿδⶾ磬ֲ˵ˡ
Ȼ֪ԼǺʣܱǿзҪͽɣȴͽһ
˵ʵϳţָȥҽ
Ȼ࣬һѾͬ˳𣬴ʱȥҽܲȲ˵ߵҽʦǰҲǧѡ
лȼûлشͿҲû׷ʡ
ǰһ͵ĸɽɽÿԴбȵ£ֻɽԲЩȻֱİڵסϷɽ
ͿӴлȼͣɽ£˴뿴ɽǾò絶ͨǾȥģ˶ԱˣûƵЬ͹ߣҲԮϡ
ͿǰͣסлȼҪΪҪ֮ǰһ㣬ɽ·Լ߹ȥˡ
ͿӻͷлȼҪץ磬һֻסлȼĸ첲в֪ʲôһʱ𣬴лȼ۾
ʱѾƵɽ

ɷ10

ɽԴ࣬濴ôһ֮ء
벻ɽ֮ϣ·תȻһءҲ˵¥ɽɣɽΪһ塣Ϳǰʰϣͷһɽţ㹻𺳲ѡ
Ī˵ɽҲɽڲеĴ룬ɾҲûܵġ
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ͿŤͷüо̿һЦɵͽܣֻ㽫ȥһ飬֮ƾ컯ѵ˹Щʲô𣿡
ͿƬֳ̣ƲƲ죬ûԸɽϵģԺᷳˣ͸Ͻɽɽ´éݣʤڵӡ
תۼɽǰлȼû⣬ֻͿ
ɽǰ˿أֻˣǰĸŽرա̨¿ʱɽѾʹ˸еߴû뵽ߵǰָü˹һ㡣
ߺǽţǳԪءлȼBУƵĽΪͿ巳ˣû뵽վȻΪŶеܵͿ־塣
źǽ̫̫ˡ
Եֻһֻ©ϡ
޶ʹ˿ڣ·޷ܵĶһ㡣
翴Իɣƾ败ܵлȼĽšӱǶֱӺһֱΪʹ˫ۣʱ΢ȻȻʹǾȻѾԸذһ㶫ˡ
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İοҲǺãٴʱڻָﰲ˲١
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лȼЩɻȥͿֻһľȵơ
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ֹ˲ãɽźȻ죬ͻȻԶԶͬʱԶڣˡΪлȼ̧ͷȥ̫Զʵ޷Ƴ
Ϳһֻ֣ǰȥ
˿ɽţ˵ķҲ˱仯
Ϳԭһͨɫۣ񻻳һͰ󲻷ĵɫƵۣɡ޷ԶͷһЩõ˵ͷҲȥɽʱḻı飬ɫ£Ƿ׵ɡ
лȼҲһذУȥͳĵӷصˮƣҲ´ƮƮ
лȼϳһ·һȴһ彣
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ߵһ룬ͻȻһԺ䣬ͿӴ߽˸շ䡣
ӷһ֮ͨһӣͻȻһ裬ĸ豭һű֪Ʒ
Ϳʾлȼڴϣ֮˵Իصźľסֳͽܣҵĵӡ
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ǰͿһֱǰ·㿴ı飬ʱϸȴü£һơ
ţȥʦֻҽΡ²ҪҴҶ䣬Ϳüͷ˦ȥˡ
лȼΪ̫Ѩȴͬѹסһǣӽźһֱо̫ã֪Ƿʲô
Ϳȥʱ磬СԺ̳˷ɫᣬһ·ɫǵøżĵӶ׷׶ܣ֪λʦַʲô衣
ԪУµ˸ܵϢȻſڡ
ͿƲȻͣڿУ˿û紵죬µͽ
Ϊ֮˿˾ɫõس𣺡ڳʲôëȥ˼˸ͽһΪܰһ㣬û뵽һǡ
Ҳ̾һǰ֣СʲôӡǺֻϢأ𼱡
ͿϷƽ̤Ԫűſڡ
ۡһ죬ŻֽԪźȻϡͿӵĿԽͣоԼͷʹ
ˣֱˡʦԵˡʦӡʦֲպӡ֮дʦѾӽһǧ٣ͿСĺҲʮ꣬ͿӿȻӳ޶£ȴʵȺ˵Сˣʮꡣ
һЩСͿӵʹϺü֡
ͿԴӶʮźȫķһ;츳һһģҪȻҲ޷һλ֮λΨһ㣬ԲͬһˣʱҲѬճһЩ߷ȣʱ򣬲ôͻһģ·
ԼСʦܣָ֮λҲ׼һԼͽܻСٵСӵġЩͿԽŷͽҲġ
һ˼϶ҲӲǴӹž޲ڶʱͷʹ
ƣͿӳȥܷǰ򣬸ЩСʲô档
ѡܷʽѡȥؤ˴űҲҪʲô档
˵˵ǸѾͷôҲ˽浱õ𣿡ͷͿǹַǹԼġ
ΪµһɣиֹԼеһǳǱŵӲɽɽš
׿ʱҲԱɽµԴУȴΪͽſʽɽš
Ϳӵãִ̧
лȼҲͰˣǺӺͿӹͬϿɵͽܣ츳ֻҪԼĥձܳɲš
ǸѾͷ߱Ǻʸ̤ŵġ
ͿӹԭֱϷλʦֽ㡣ȻصѽŮԼͽлȼΪʦ֮ͽҺ޹ϵлȼ˽Կ֪̽츳Ҳǰδ֣ʹԺԵ֮ʿҲڵӲ
ֿһֱͷ裬˲ʹµʦ֣ͽ涾ʦǰȥҽΡ

ɷ11

лȼȺãСԺвڳ˽Ųһͬĳϡ
ǰлȼȴĪоͿ˵ҽʦæΪÿλãվһԿΪ
˿ȥֻʮңȺӺͿֵܶöࡣȻлȼǵͿҪʦǰҽΣи̾һפҲΡ
лȼ񣺡Ϻã
Ȼֻ䵭һۣȥΪûп˵˼
ַרҵָ˵ϲѪ۲ţְǿƤ鿴ͫ״㷴оȷһʧ󷽲ŵ˵ͷ
лȼ״æչȥʵϿ֪ʲô𣿡
һƤ俴лȼһۣһָϲѪһ߲˵Ȼʦʦǡ£Сѣһͯͽҩ
лȼϲһҾ˶æʦлʦǰϡ
˵꣬Ҳָøɾû˵ʲôҲûٿһۣվȥˡ
ʱսʱҲֻ˰յĹлȼӦ첽ߵǰͣȻѾӰˡ
лȼſڣԺпտյûһ㡣
شǰЩ޷Ӧ䵭
ɽʱĺͿӶλܻãֻϣٻʱҪҲ䡣
СʲôСԺδˬʺǺӵ
лȼ̧ͷվȥʺãʦոʦѾˣ˵ҩԺ
˳һľΣ˸£Щлȼ֪ѾˣǵġʦǺϲʣľϵҲֵܶ˶ʮǺϣû뵽㣬ѡŮӡôһѡԺҲ͵һͨʼС
лȼӻжüʱάѧԶڳˣʵܱȵ˵ģʦ⻰ǲ˵ˣ
Ӷȵһ裬һ־ò̫ʿڣԷƬ̣ʵصС
лȼĻ·ʲôЦЦ̧ۿлȼҾòȥɽͽˣղ֪˾ô𣿡
лȼЩ⣬۴ʲôǶȿΪǸĵӡ
ؽһУֱĿζһɽʱǹƥභĳ档˼⣬ȻûĿµղȷʵҲСˡֻţΪֻǲлõɡ˵ףõɵĳ˼λʦ棬˭
лȼȻԼĵӣ̵ʶҲΪʦӦġ
СѾͷѧ֣ȷʵ治Ҳ֮֮ʹٺãҲ綷궷׵綷Ҳˣֻһ΢СɫֲͶĶҺȥʱѪҺϣѾͷ޿κΡЩɱ˶֮ˣɵ綼޷߿յķСѾͷҲܴƽ֡еĴܣԶɸ߿գ׵£ֱţλȥأ
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Īż䲻УȴǼõġԸһֱҲŶôѹοѾͷӦúܣҲǿ̫ġôлȼ׳ǰգҪ˵Ҫѧϰɡ
ȻͽҪԼ̶ҲҪԼųϵиʲô˼
лȼεˣʦʱκӣʦҲֻǴ˸̡ܵݣҲʱ𾴰ذʦһΡ°һ࣬չŴǣϥǵ㵽ϣضһ²裺
ʦʦͽܶлȼĸǰʦ̫ʣһΣӶѧϰʦ̣պ󲻻ʦ
˲ԭлȼʱһӦҪһֱˣһҲһͽˣܲһ
ֱˣɤӿһ
ˣɡΪʦԺҲᾡĽģṼԸ
лȼվƶչ˼֡ʦͿʦ壬ϲŭ̫࣬ʵദء
ͯӺܿ콫ҩ͵ˣлȼϰιҩ
صͷһʦԸҩСѾͷһˡ
лȼλʦҲЩ֣ʦʦҲ̫ЩѵǱᵫΪԱӳΪʦôֻһ£ȴû˵
ǿ롣ʦȻǱ곤ģֻʱѡפգȴԼ϶ѡһӣ֮˱ȽϻǿΪòûʲôϵԺȥҲҪǵòҪòȡˡ
лȼ̡ܽ
̧ۿһ۴⣬ʱ仹磬һʱ䡣뵽ʦܴʱ֪ںδܷҲСǣӦԼЩʱǡ
˼һʱлȼѧϰܻõ鼮ָ򴲲һ¡
ǱмͻȻϣĻһֽͿõīֽ⡣
ֳԲܣָ΢ת˼Ȧֳ鼮
ˣҪĴ¾ЩǲŻ־ִ֮࣬пҲɽƶ֪ʦûкԳɽס
лȼ˹
ʱǱͷˣΪʦЩ߲ҲҪץѧЩʡóȥҲҪ۸
⵹νлȼ룬СԺҲ㹻žҪˡ
ϵҪжģǲҳȥΪ㽲ЩվԺС
лȼ磬Ҳ˵ͷֻôһľֶ˲٣лȼʱְࡣ
ԺУӽ⣬ԼȻͬͿ˾ľǹؼ汸һࡣºЩĹΪϵֻż䡣ͿңϲǿĹʹմߵķϵϵҲѧ˲١
ôһ̵Ҳúʦͽԡ
ľϵ࣬ʹҲ˵ܹȫգִֻΪлȼһ·࣬ΪѡʺѧϰĹ
лȼԼм෨Ȼǲ֮ѧϰҲֻ˿ڣǶлȼ˵ȻһҪܡȻ֪ѧǷϣǶԼ˵ֵһԡ

ɷ12

ٽʱͯͺУлȼ򿪷ŵϣŷֻʳ
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Ϊʦѱٹȣ㻹ʲôҪϰѧĶɱ͵
ҲӴǰվ˹ҩֹСգжָ˺ܶࡣҲѾ˽һ㣬ҧһڣͦɿڵġ
һʺӣʦ治𣿡
һŤͷȥΪʦѱٹȡ
лȼɵؽҴһҲ˲ٶ
㶮ʲôɲɣȻҪԵ㶫ӡΪʦٹô꣬ʲôǳԸζʲôӾؿݹһͼġ
ʣµҲˣͯ´ξͲܴݷ𣿡ʡ
Ϊʦٹȶꡭֿʼ߶
ţлȼءǲǣȼ磿תͷؿ
лȼţȷʵˡΪʦʲô˼ҲҪġ
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ӼһмĲˣӵǴԽԽóѽѾĲˣ´Ҫнǵ㶫
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뵽ЩҲѹܹõҩʲô޷ܵ״ȳѾĪĶˣͿ治ԼҲѾ㹻ˡ
ͻȻĬ˵ʲôȥ⣬û뵽ȴָ˻Ρ
֮ʦͻ㡣ģȻΪͽȻҲʺĹܲҪԼ
֮ͿӹȻڶЩƣԶһֱɫ󴺹档
ͿӼʱǴЦݵģ֪ôлȼܸоͿӴʱȻ۹ȣȴȸɽʱࡣ
ͿӽУȱлȼѧϰȣҿϵˡƣ֮ΪĵϢ
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Ϳӽ绽ȥΪԼ˼ʺ˵
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Ϳӵ֮󣬷·õһ㣬λʦ֣ӲһͬѧÿιʱҲԽԽˡ
лȼ֪ʶѾÿհպϰĲ˵ԽӯоƮƮԭҲӵдʵ塣
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Ǳߵѧϰʹص˸ѧյʱ򣬵ǴʱƫͺظлȼǱĿݣֱͿÿζݡѾϰ꣬ЩܣףԼϰЩǿ壬ʹ뿪磬õĽҲԶԼ
һ룬練̿࣬ҲʱõͿӵĿޡ
ֱһ֮лȼѾٻһϸ٣Ҳֲ۶ϴľͿӶ˺ϼ֮Ÿ֪ǣƵɽȥϰˡ
Ҳ֮һα߳ǵСԺ
̤֮ʱǿСԺſһ͸磬ԼĪλʦǵġȻΪڲҪн磬ʦǵά֮Ȼʹʮָм
ŵҪǰɽɽ֮ڴʣסԺڴܣݻִȻУ·Ǿ޴Ĺ㳡㳡ʱдУĵӴ
ͿӸǽŵźλ϶ͽյͻ᲻ѰˡлȼǡΨһͽܡվһɣֻô֧棬ŵļΪһΪߵļ˾ͻḺѰ츳Ӵͽ
Ǽͽڶ࣬ͳͳŵӣͳһڿΣҲǽʦʦ㣬ƺʦ֮ࡣϾʱֵļɼӷֱԽ̵ʺԼĹֻҲǿġ
ȻʱȸԾȴҲǳֻѧһ㶫ʱҪû츳ֻðȴСʦʦ㡱Ը̵Լ
лȼ߹ʱյ಻ƵĿ⣬Ҳ֪ͨӲ³ݣʲѡ
㳡ϵŵӴѾѧϰ꣬ʹѧϰݼףҲֻѧһµľЩʱĿˣлȼЩ̫ڡ
绹ãЩ˷ֻǰӣɽյЩ˶Ȳϣֻע⵽ˣĬĬվؿһ㣬ԷͻȻ⡣
ȵߵͿָĺɽɽлȼѾһϸܵĺˮ
ϵײҴ֮ͥ£ƫƧɽԺҲҪطࡣ
ɽ٣ԣתһܺлȼԸе˴°빦֮档
һĬɽһ٣СԺϸٸӴһ
ȻлȼԲ㣬ܱԼڳһָ·հһ㣬Ȼ˵ڶ
ƣżɿԹһߣлȼǵ뷽򣬲һͷðҲȷʵҪ󣬼ٱ١
ԽлȼеҲɱ
Ȼ֪绹ܷʹЩһʹãԼͿԱ硣
ոϲ֮лȼһֱϣԼǸߣǱԸʵֵĿܣβĻϲ
ͬʱɽбϣſУˣһضŶڵŭϵͽܣžͿѧϰ߽ȴֻܱھܼһ㷨Ӱӣ˼ҾѾˡ
ԱſһСģ龰е£սսġ
ʦ֣ǻҪȥǶǲһôھͻ˰
ޡǸʦ˿ĭǻֲ˵ϼһһУԭлִ֪ʲôС˼ҾĺӰɣҲѧ˼ˣҲûʤ㡣
һˣ͵ǣ᲻ǳ𰡡ǳϵĵӣԺǰ;ġ
ʦֺһȻ۽Ƿϵ񶾵Ц⡣
Ǻ֣ǸŮأŰɣֵȰʰˣе

ɷ13

лȼԭɽо˶ʱȴеΧϢЩڴ֮⣬ƺĳֲĲ
ҲΪǶöЩ˱ףɽԱˡȻлȼ֪Ȼɢǻз仯衣
лȼһ趯ȴɽڿԼĵطٻ˼ѿ
Ҳʱ䣬лȼշʵϰܹݵһʮȻ˵ͬʱ˶ĻƵã߸ܻôģαװͨڵ˽ӽʱ֮ǰٿصļתٿص˽Ǽ
ɽڲͷֻɽ⡣
ǵԶ֮ں󣬳ϽԺ̽ɽʪȺ̶вļٻµʲôͬ
֣ٻǱжһЩȻҲ㹻˷Ӧ
ڳʪ̶ȣǸûʲôӰ졣
ܵ˵ҪúСҪ㡣Դĵ֧ԼӻҪĴˡ
ҲˣţŵӸ֪лȼԿƸǳٳٿǱȥ׷˻ܵظеꡣ
лȼոպýܼϸٰúʱͻȻһ磬йЮɳӭֱлȼš⧲Ĺƣлȼ̧ס͵ֵˡ
ʲôſɳͿлȼ۰
Ȼлȼ̧Ƭ̣Ҳæ鲼סԼ±˭
лȼͷôôˡ
֮ǰ̶һоͿԿˣ˱ȽóǷϵлȼȻֻܿľ٣ȷʵпв
ԷͷǸҶҶڿдԽתԽ죬ȻѾľơ
ҶϣܻһСڰɡ
лȼʧЦǻݴ𣿼ҳúÿҿӣ
ͷǸϸ˿лȼĳ࣬ʱЩҧгݣƾʲô츳˻һƤңתתԽԽ죬лȼƬ̣ͻȻŭһ֣
ǸСЩųЩĵں͵ģʦ֣㲻˵һ˾͹ˣңʧֳô찡
ģҪΪ͡
Щ̵룬Ҿһ⣬Ųҳֵİ
ǰߴ٣˸䣬ֻһĻǴָⲻԶУȻɵԾ˼£䡱رȼ˸߸ǰķš
ֻǷһûɱҶʱȴһŻ
뿴ֵлȼʱҲȻǰ˸Էǿ󣬿ȴԼԵĶġֻסʱҲı⣬ʹȻſƻ˽¿ʼ
˽γΧ֮ƣڽŵӲûзִ¡
ͬʱֿԼǰȷ˼Ҳƴ
ǻлȼȷӲƴĽĦֻһζ˰ȫģʽ
£Ȼ򷱶࣬лȼĿٷӦЩҲ˼Ĺ׼ŵȻæҵزݻ
ڴʱ
лȼɿص˽µȻڳΧؽʵʵ鼱֮ȴҲƶ˻ǰϮȥ
ǰĵӡѽһУʧһˣҪ˿ô죬ⲻһŵӵ
ǵĽǶȿȥɽڲлȼԭڵλöѾΪһƬ𺣣ƫڻеһδԣ˳Ѿȥˡ
ǸһΪĹǵĵҲһʱ񣬲򶨵صǺܿ죬ԶԶسǰһ沿ⶼһţзշߺ޵Ĺâҧס´Ц˵
Լֵ˭ҲҪҪֽסãǻҲû˾ȵȱˣȻͻ֪ûʲô¡
ֲ֪뵽ʲôغһ˵׼ǳϵ֪ǰͽȴסԺǶͽܵλأʣֻҪΪϵͽܣѧϰɷֻգ֮£طҲǲܡ
ǰţǵʱͻȻһŵؿ֮С
ʦֺ˵ʲôһȻ֪
ֻһ·ţ֪Ͳ촽˵˳ʦ֣ˣΪȻûɿأ
лȼڻ˱ԼȤû뵽˷Ӧ˹һʱûסȻЦ
ǸԴӾ׽ŪһλϵӺһֱŲѣֱʱͻȻС֮ˡҲ֪뵽ʲôֲĴ˵Ȼ·С󺰣ʲô֡
һ֮˼һĺͻȻҲһƤҲɿȴŵһ仰Ҳ˵
ȻˣлȼŲԼһλá
ǰǸס󣬱ϾɷĻ棬ʹʱлȼٻĵȼҲߵϺȻȼԲų֮ǰ濴͵
лȼ˲ûʲô£ֻǱ˶˿ѡ
ʱѵزѾȻ֮ǰ˳ֻ֣Թƶ
˿ȴǻһӰҪͻƶβظεѡ
Ȼ˱ס壬ܶܡ
ŵ󺰣ô죬ô죬
õòӦģɽ٣˴ǺΪѡϡ֮أǰӴҲֻΪ㷢ʹ࣬ûҪʲôӦ
ȴӦˣû££ⲻǻ𣿡
˻ļ
޷ܵشȫʧȥǿԡ
лȼ˰쾢Ŵ˳Լĺˮ龰󲻽ʣ
ʦŵĲа
ΪʲôͿӳӲҪѧϰ֮ˣڳˣɷԼʲô
˹ȻǺǰ
һҲЩóˣһ˱Ŵ޷
ɫ̫ÿվǵǰ濴ԼһǵӲƽֿʼĬĬ
ûκãлȼŤͷȥǵӻڶʲôװԼʦ˲ǹ˰
ƳһۣһûˡôСʲôɣ
Ǹʦ֡ŬԼĴڸС
ӽǶΧ鲼ʹ⿪ϵ˵ȥǰ꣬췣ȥɡ
˱ץס¶ŵ÷ͷҲ֪˿ôȥ
ӵǱԶԶҪ˵ŵӾûлᣬǵĻʵźֻбһҪѧĿھҲˣֻᱧԹѧĶ̫٣ô־ֲͨҲǴ⣬ֻǰſ˵㣬ֻҪ̿УԶԶ˵ʿҲûУԼִпܳΪ𣿡

ɷ14

Զȥлȼʺӣʦڸ֪ҲΪǱ۸ǰŲǳš
ۺӣתȥ˵Ϊʦֻɿѧϰ
лȼЦȴͻȻѽǱ߿϶Ҳȥ鷳ǸϽȥɣ
ڰţ˿š
Ȼ󿴵ͽһȻ˵̬˹
ӸɴҸطˣôҵͽܣʦҲ׵غܣʦֹԼ
һҲûб˵ͽܿɰ
Ȼ˱˵ͽܶس¹棬ϹϾʦһĻܿ䣬ɰ̸ϵġ
ǺӲܣ
ôһͽ˵ˣһԺϰʱҿЩĵغܣһɽǣӦҲͦĵİɡ
ӣͽ춼Сδޣʦ
лȼôʦ̨ʦΪɴҲߣһ߰򴷴һߵ
ȻѾ֮Щλɵö࣬Ҳûʲô겡лȼ֪Լôʱ򣬺Ǻܿĵġ
Ϊɣһ޺ȴûнԼͣÿһ׷ͯյӡ
лȼܾãͷǺĽõͬ˵ġ
ʦʦ壬ֵҲ񣬶ɽѵõʵζˡ
ǲϣ̬뷲˪ͿӸϷ˼ͯȻҪʱҲΣʱܻһЩԼˣһλҲӦϧȴע뿪
лȼ¶ĻȥԺҪʱյĴ룬ԺһҪ
һ򣬺ӵҲͺܿɢˣһлȼ֣ˣŪˣߣȥʦô
лȼͬԽʱգʶлȼǰɱ˶գۡ
ʵ±ߣҪʦ̵Լİ취һѧϰṦʱ͸ܵ˿еɱֱ޹УڳڵѪ֮˵ıܡ
߹㳡֮ʱѾжϹԼе֮˵Ĵˮƽˡ
ĵӶ̫ȱٽ̵ǽϳҪ죬ϰڰʱͶ뵽֮Уܹʱ;ȥʼɳϵӵˣҪô̫ѧԳҪôԣʱ䶼˷ˡ
ܽһĻ̫ǿ
ͬϵĵͽսЩ뻹˹ӶĵӿӶı¶ȻӲӡ
лȼ
лȼЩ٣綼ҲҽлȼԷվҪʦ˵ϰص㲻ֿͬ
ʱ齹꣬Ҫϻء
ȴյһ޵ĴȥлȼǱ˿š
ãȻؿܣǰͨлȼڵķֻһƬҰϡֻǳǳ߹סһض£ΧֻƺɽĻҲɽˡ²ϡؼɰأҿ϶Щ˾ſ±ɰ֮ϡ
ȴȷʦ
عͷȥƵ⣬ȷʦѵЩŵſһ
һǻʲôԼĵط룬Լ޷ѧϰɷ˵׼ʦֻ˶ѡ
ƿ²ľܵǶΣǶ򿴹ȥһѹһõģ˵׼Ƴһ͵ϮԶãľЩϰҲʲô
¶ˣ±ľܼһζڶסĵطſһˡ
Ǽʱŵش۵СۣҪһ̸С
羹Ȼûй
Ǽ͸鲼ɺ棬ʱʮεػ࿴ű˴ˣ۵Сۡ
һݸߵĿЩͻȻ̲סˣΪʲôҪﰡûֱȥͨ²Ͱʰ𣿡
Աһòƴͷ˵ķǳؿҪѵʲôһʱ벻ʵĴʡ
һͻȻɻˣһԼˣһǰĸûһĸˡԼôôأ
Ա߶Сܣмˣ
СҲܿ죺ĸĸˣϴ󣡡
ָһСܣ
Ա߶ͻȻƮһ΢ϵԼ
ϴǲͬصһۣͷӣɴ಻˵ˡ
ǸСһѵ˹˷ܵСϴϴҪң
ϴӾתʱҲ˹´Ǹģô
ͷ˲䣬һġ
ϴ涯˶Զˣ˲Ҳûļƽˣڰִˣ;֪ԲУСſţԼˤȥǿɾȲˡ
ͲˣԼʺϰĵطôǸĳϵܵôԶ
ºˣǼôȥ⡣
ѵȥһʼôѡأ뿴ȥ磬Ϊ˱ѡԼô
һӣҹ
²·ĸŵСķľʼһƶԶԶȥֻͬڻ
иĵСܻŸոսѣ֮ǰҪҪһѽ
Ϳӿ˿Ԩſſǳҡͷ
Сܿһ±Ҳ͵ػعͷͰ͵أͿһ˲ԸΣ˶ʾͬȻϽȥ׷Լļˡ
ǼƶСһҲҿԶƲ㣬ǲ֪·ԶµľʱȴŽסµ塣ֱߣҲֲﶼô֣պÿץסƶ뿪ģҲ˰вµֲ
źһкͿҡҡͷ±ߵľϣ̾˿ȫܺӰ
⸽ض͸ˣ˫Ŀһж֪ͨø²ĸӰҲǱߵ⼸ӡ
лȼ磬֮˵ĳ˼άУһͬʣֻ۲ǿлȼȻҲУܵ˵ҲϿΪͬһϵӣлȼǰ;ޣ˸ԴԲûӡ
һȴͬϵ
ߣ붼㹻ԵʶѹġΪлȼԵʣţֱһԾΪϵӣôԵĹϵӹ񣬾ûһ޵ġ
лȼۣҲܴۡ˼ŶͽķЩҥлȼҪЮܽţȻ˹۵ͬѨ磬ȴԶȳԼһԵøӺš
ַŭ˭Ҳһûķ˳³ģҲ͸ضࡣ

ɷ15

ۿΧΧ߰ˣֿԶڿŵһˣҲżͻȻû˼顣
ȻںЩˣǲӬҲ˷ġ
οܽǸҲԼֻᷭһ
磬ǿΨһ
аʮֻڣˣֱ˵һȲ̫Щλá
ʮְЩǰҲ磬һʱȴҲöԡ
˾ϸϸۿЩ˲ŷеĸҪͦΣ̬ԴһɴݲȵȣƤ𪣬üĿӣҰȴǳĴϸͦıӣһ͸
ɽʱˣηֱŮǾ֣
ƫƫǶԱӦú䵭벻мǵԼǰĿġ
һ꾫˺һ
һʯǧһ㣬õ˷׷׻ع
סҲЩһʶҪôҶʧ
ȴûиģ˺ĿŻعûֻ֪һˡǸո˻һϸ뿴ǾȻֲס
ûʶĶһһƳɵĹȵͻȻӺߵ˸ǰȻ˴һĵϸװƷֱ׵ʾһ
˿ûй˼Լ֮ǰҲտõʵǿƲƲ죬Цһ
ǸѰ˶ɽҰסˣ˶׵Ҳǵˡ
£˳Ļȥʱ뵽˸¥ݡٿǰ֮ʱʱͷǰľη֮ģŶ˵֮⡣
⼸仰Ҳȫˣһûȫ˶䡣
ǰûִĹµˣҲһȥҪһһֻ䡣ˣҲ˵žԼͳлȼԺ¾ԽԽзִˡ
һһѪڻǺʵġ
Ȼ̧ԼٶȷֱӳöڣƬ֮öѾתУȥɸɾġ
һͲһˣո˵˷׷׸еһǲΡΡ̧ʱȴǵͻȻһĻۡ۳ʱһǳĺۼʱȴһѪ
ǹѪֻعŭԵֻסԼ
һ˵ûвҽУֻǲ˲ϵѪͻЩ˵İϷⶼסһϣٻУ춼ܸѵ
һֱϻŲ˿ϲһּס
ЦһƾٿȻȺߣ˻û֮ʱǸиûѾȥˤ˵ϡ
վԭλγԼĶ̽ˣ˼󺮹⡣
ɵŮͻȻڣ΢Цʣ˭𣿡
ԭڷҲȻͣ£ȻŮûǽϵ⣬ͬൽ˰Сֿ־ѹȸУŮ˵ٶȣһ֮뽣ѹڲʲô
һдȺ˵̫Сһϻܱһѧ˵СŮѹƵ̶ֳȣһȴŵӣԼҲٶ໰ˡ
书Ψ첻ơ
书죬ԵڳЩ˿Ůٶ֮󣬶Լķ׷һ鷳û뵽ڷһǰΧ˵Ŀ־С
ֵĻã׷žѰ·֮͵֮ûз
ûֵļȴһۣڷֽ֮±ˡǼȻҲ־壬ȴҳ֪ܳǰµĺ֮·ѾˣôΪôһС¾ͶԼǰ̣ĬĬϰְԴֳʱ䣬ľҪڽս⡣
ֻһʱ䣬˸˾ͷɣһҪսһӡ
֮ǰѾϰһʱ䣬ͬǴĻ֮ǰÿԵ
绷һܣͻȻĵЦһ£ϰݷؼ࣬Ȥ
ǰԼ࣬óΪһܣ˵û¹
ϣһ״һ̾˳˳һŵ⣬ǿǸ׵֮Ƴ磬һתֱܹ򼸲һߡ
û뵽Ȼǿ棬һҲ˶ѣһӳ߰εض⼼ͼлȼùأû뵽
ٻ꣬ǼΧҲͼٶȡ
ǸǰڳѷĹӣȾȻǵȶеķ
ǼŽЩϤܹ
Ǵ⼸˲䣬ʣ˰Ⱦܣ֮ǰڵϵǸǸ֪˭˭Ӯֻ뾡Ѹϵ
û뵽ܳҰȴķƽǼС
Ϳվһߣҡͷ˻»붪·ŷʱ˰
Ǽ˿ǰĳϣ̷ֽҲա
ȴǼξ˵Ĺ·궼ֻܸһСƬֻҪ޷ãʹ˸ǲ뿪ǿٻȴҲ޷ǸӣΪ޷ԦǷ㲻һԼ۵ء
ֻʣǸ֮˲û˵İ½ǡ
翴ǰһʱ֪θпŹ˶ã
֪ǲˣû뵽Ȼ˳
û˼
翴ľϵҲŪԼˣɴͬ˵һлле˵ߣֽӳû˼֮ҲĹˡ
ӳͬһ㴮ԼĵһվŴ㿴ûơ
ûܿȴһյˡ
׿վڲԶעŴ˷ʦɽδãʦǱҲѰ˹
֮ʱ뼸˴ܡ
׿۹⣬Ϳ˼ҲĶ֣ҲԱߵŴɡ
û뵽ȴǱ̽ǵԼ֮ǰҲؽʦһʺϹĶ̽ȴǺʱʧˡû뵽տ磬ȴ¡
ɽʱҲʹȴӡɽΪͻȻ¡
ǰʵɼǵζ
־Լﺬ岻ǡ˼䣺ǰƵĽϲտ

ɷ16

罫⣬ЩЦЦѽǼֳǾϤǻԵ
⣬׿ЪͤУѯɽľ
Źһˣˣ׿ʦλеڶųƣϲ£ύʿ·ƽʱҲϲó
׿ĸױǽύڱ֮ʱʱǡڱϲ飬סһɽ֮СɽеĴǺ񣬴ˬʱֵսʱפصĳɱȰǾסȴԸⱳ硣
ƹ֮²ڴ峤෬ڴźò׸ı⣬´׼ʱܹһʱ䡣
ǳƵʱʢ֮ʱʦֳɽУĵһˡĴοĵȷʮָΪҲΪ԰Ī˵ǧоǼоɽ֮ǰҲаսϤȥ
ƿǲԸ뿪磬ʱ˱ǶԼд˼
˼Ϊɽ彨һȹ̵Ľ磬ô׳ŵȥ磬˿δȷ֮ˣбǵı£ڳ֤֮£˸ǴӾ⣬˶ĵ˴С
ɽס˰࣬ǵֵ˼ε֣ڴ֮еΪɣʼǹ½ֹʱҲһμѻ
֮˲øෲ֮µҲûɵġ
Ӧе֣˾ͻͼѰܹԿ
зΪѾΪİ֣ѰһɵĸͼԿǸѰΪԶԶȲϳƣֻǮΪ˰£ҲҪӲͷƤ
һԼڴ˵еԸ񣬶϶϶û볽ϡ
֮£ǵ˹Լһд裬ӦԼ֮ʱз찴ǵ˽Ƶֱ֮ɽ壬оһ⡣
´±Ȼ⵽Ʊʹ˽ֶνΣõ֮꣬زز
ٴʱ֮˯ѺͷʹѵĶǣǻػصɽ塣
ȴֻоŰһµĴѪۡ
ƼҪȥҵоѰȴֹ˼ԼӲԤսҪѰͬԼԼսĵʿҲ˼Ѱ鴦
ƿѪѸɵϣеһθеʹࡣɳʿһǰɽѯʴԸԸǰʱıһʹĳơ
ʿ۲òᣬΪҴԶߣ̾ϢŽƴ˻ȥ
ƱɵӪ£ͻ־㱣ΪĹ
ʱȷҷͷһеֻͷԼΪһ˴ڣֱۿƵӪǳƵһζԳӡ˳Ʋܱƽա
ƼסڳУоսŰܣѾ˵ԶɽдӾļҲƻؼҡ
ոǻȥڳУı߽
׿ĸףҲһ
ǻʵӣܾ谮Ȼʱȥʱֳȥϴֳӵϻλֶ˻Ȩϰ߽ȥ߽أöɵϵԱسá
˵׵۸յλ֮ʱڸλԱ졣ˡùĺŸɣ̻Ϊһľ
˵һ˳˳ˮһܴһ겻񣻳һ˳ϳɣʲô۶ȥ
Ը෴ȴͬȺദ㹻İ˳Ϊֿѡ
߽ȶ󣬳ؾѾһ浹֧µĵѾɳȻҲӵ֧ճӵµʱô˸Ҳͬ⣬ıɶؾжݡ
µ۲ƫ򰵵ˣҲЩ
ⶼеʱֶĲԥ֮󣬳ӣųһԴ⡣Ϊ׿ϵ⺢ѧϰ֮ձдɾ͡
Ȼ󣬳ȴˡ
֪ԼӱڳãԺҲΪš
֮·ʵҲж֮Աǵģ糽ˡǱ׼ʵɼң˻һֻ׷Լʲôʲôǰ¡
Ӱȫֻи֮Լѡδ·
ţͱɣʵǲġ
Ǽᣬƺͳೳ˺üΣǽӴ˻ȥѡǸĵǸԼԿųĺӾԲᱡԼӣʹǵһὫԼ
ǵҲȷϡ
׿ȳ˳꣬Ļ򰵵ķҲһδݡ
ǰˣҳϰĳ¸ҳϰڵĻʵۡʵҲ㲻˽飬ԭ常õܣǸһٻû뵽ˡ
ϵĲһѹһ϶Ϊʵ۰£ʵ϶ʵ۵ȨԼ¡
Ѿãһɵո֣Ȼó׿κζɽĿܡ
׿ӳǣһԲ㣬һ·ɱ½ء
׿ϣֻԼԮ֣ǻʵ۵ּƺԶᵽˡ
֮£׿ʱ״˵أ׵ƺҲԼ֮⡣ŽʣͼѰߵıӣȴ벻Щ˲ֱŵĵ̴ɱ䣬Һ׿Ż
Ըǣ浽֮У׿׵ȷεյֿѣͿӶҲΪܾʱǡֲɽУ׿㱻ӴԴסȴƻصš
˵⣬⼸ʦΪԼ¡
ƫƫơӡͿͷǣǳƣһ굽ͷתΪе֮֡;Ҳ˵Ǵġ
Ƶ֪ѣӺһԴУԸʱͲͽܾͲض˵ˡ
ƶͽܼ谮֪飬ҲΪ¡׿һεʱõϢ
׿˵ЩЩǰѾžˣɸеںʹ಻ѡ
޾ľ֮УͻȻ׿˵ԺЩӦˡ
ҡҡͷֻѵ˼ˣҿʦûһºֵġжԼ޵ֺֹļҪ֪Լı²С
ţȴ׿εЦݡ
ǳ£ҵãٸˡ

ɷ17

лȼͺɽеʱ̫ˣǸϵʱֻͿվ±ߣһͷ˩һƣŶǣһˡ
Ϳ̽ͷ¿ţƺҲڿ羰
лȼк棬С˹ȥվͿߣȺһʦ塱
ͿӵͷɿŽ£лȼ˳Ŀ⿴ȥĸſ±ϣ˵ſ˵ǡǼקס±ߵļ־Ĺľ²±΢ͻ˭ҲҶһ¡
ĸ˶Ҳ֪˶ãһںϴ󣬽ô찡
ǵϴҧüϼһţҲʲô취ӡ
ôȥˣлȼ˿棬һȻѾõʦ壬ôˡ
־ҪٻͻȻԱͿƮƮ˵һ䣺ʱʯͷ
лȼͻȻתһͿӵļְĺ󱳣ļһͬͿ˵ţʦվ˰ɣҸһ㡣
Աߴڵϵļˣ
Ҳ˵ʲôǣ
лȼôͬͿ˵һƤȻûп磬Ҷһµŵļˣܾô˿ڵǼֱʣأ
Ϳбۿ˿вסľʲôˣҡҡͷǱ˾ʲô˽ҪɵҲӦˣָһ¶ȥ
лȼתҪСȥǱߣͿסеɸֵҧôпѽ
лȼ뿪֮󣬺Ӳת˹վܵܵߣʣ𣿡
ͿȻЦſ漸ĵңü֮ȴû֮ǰôɣӲһ¡
ͷգƺʹǰҲûʲô֪͹ȥʮˡ֮˶ʮʵڶݣԷ˵ȴпܳΪһݵһ
ͿȻǺӵ׵ܵܣȴСʮ꣬ȻҲͬһĸӵĸǰѾˣӱʦߣֻʣ¶ĸסʮ󣬺ӻؼҾТʱŷּѾһλ·ˣҲͿӵĸףͬʱһ̰ĵܵܡ
ʱǵʦδԸӶܰݣʹ˲ϲ뷲Ҳںʦǳķϣ
Ǻпʱ岻ʱػؼҿ׼ĸԼӵСܡͿһľһ;׿ԽͿԸȴȻͬӶԷ³ͺ޾Ϳȴϲ¶Ų¡ͿӵԸʺ⶯¶ǧɣҲûдŵĴ㡣
Ϳͽ֮ѾΪ˼ͥĶӱԼڷԸˣӴ˻صţרյɡ
˭֪Ϳȴ¡ӱжԿϣαͿʱʢɴԴʹ̸ҲҪԴӣΨܵˣ벻ԾиӺݶȥͿӼ£ֱͿӵĸĸ
һҲΪͿѵһ꣬ĸȺԽԽް취ѼȫӼǰɽ¡취ӺԼӣӸм̥
̫ˣеĺӲ޷Ƿϣһһ㡣
Ϳûа취ˡ
ӱóҽֻĸӵȥɽкʦǰʦӵ˽һ˳һϣֺӻоȣĸȴѾˡǹ۲Ϳ̬ǣѾڱԵȫд汣һϣ
ڴˣͿѱʲôа
ǸĸҲһ㣬ͿҪ;ƿݣҲһֱ֧ţôѶҪȥͿӡ־ͺˣԼҲ֪ûϣˡ
ɷֳֳܵܵҲ޷ǿᡣ
˾󣺡ԺҲ޷ȥһҪúûȥ
泯̿һĻĺӣ磬ˣ㣬ԺҪˡᣬȢӣʲôãûҪһӳЩ桭
ɫ԰׵ŮҲ˵ȥֻܳǰλϣһεᡣ
ͿӽѯʽʱѾס޹ĺۼϲõرסͿӣǵؿϣؽϲѶֳ˵ǰԵҩãҲţҪκҾͼ򵥶ˡȵ¸£ǵĺӾͻԺ󶼿Գþá
ͿҲϲرסԼӣԣߡֳȴų־˶ҪӺͺӶúûȥҪΪŵĵӡ
ǿԸӣԺԻȥӳϣعһ
ѾͿõýˡϧǵʱ⣬ȻȻسΪŵӣžӵԸΪŵʢԼ
˫ĻԣֻƭһˡŮӸŲȥˣһ۵ûо뿪Һ˽Ѿ˹鴦ԺܳܳԼķĿɢҲáһԼѾ꣬͸ˡ
Ůúܰġ
ǸŮӤסͿӣ͵Լǰ˼ʱʩ˼ңǼ˳ҾʵӶܰһ
ǰĶԣҲǰ磬ϹٸӦеĽѵ
Ϳӽ֮ʱӵ˺ͺ⣬˶֪飬ΪӵֵҲҪɣͬ׿ԽĽǵʦӵΪԼӸ֣Ӵ˽кӣ׵ǸͿӣȡͿǸ˼
ӵԼӵ̵Ǹ⾡ģͿҲ֪ͼѧϰù٣ʦֳ֮ͬһΪγϡ
½ֹˣҲһξĹˡ
ͿԼΪ֮ȴ˵ȥܣʹʹǣŮڼ˺󲻾ãɷһȥɽаݷ·ȴ˽ٷˡƴֻֿסǸӡ
ǸӣһӤʧȥ˸ĸ˵˶գһֱղֹ
ֱͿҵ
ֳãʺɵˡһͥһ͸жˣǼҾȻǹҫ鹡еˣܲĺˡ
뷲׵磬˵ֻĸȻͬʹ࣬ʹҲȥˡ
ͿϲһУȴɷ˭մϹϵ˭Ҫ
ʣǸӤŷҲҪкҲġֳľϵ뺢ѪԵϵԭΪǸһţ綼ܰȻ
ȻС

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Զտտ˿˿Ƶİ䣬ȴ
վ֮£ʹߴҲǿһݡ
ͿΪ֮ˣӦΪггһжӦ̡ʩΪ֮ΪʱȥԲģ֮
Ҳվ
һнԤףֻԸ˳Ӧ벻Ը˳ӦŻѡԸ⣬ĸ˵ˣܹıһҲá
Ϊȴ޷ƺ㳣֮ȥ˼ıĿ΢֮ˣĲݽ˼ġҲ˭֪ͿȴִֵȥòҲûΡ
ؤΣ¼ˣҪҲֻҪҸͶ𼴿ɡ
Լɱľ֪ͬ޷ıҲҪһˣǰ˳Ӧȴԣߴ໯ΪݹǵΪ˳Ϊǳɹǰͺ󸰡
ܣк绽֮Ҳ˼ɺ֮ʱ΢˵˳ӦʱŵڣѪܵɱգжҲһֻ۱һֻۣԻǵ
֮ɣΪ˳Լˡ
ȴȰ˽ԼˣѪޱȡ
һղʹ֮·ֳʦѵº֮ˣҲɣЩ˻ޡȻúų֮Ǹӵĳֽ֣ѡ·ڡ
ѾǵǸƫִ꣬ԼΣҲ
ͿӭɽԷܲµŵǣʤ̾سޣֳĵӲ츳ƷԸҲҲǣᣬûмˣԺ󶼰ֳ
ԡ
ͿӲŵŤͷԼոջغ̴ֳȥ֪һҪǸӣлȼʱղҲ
ģǲͬԺ󻹻ؼҡ㿴ʺô
ӵĻһ磬ͿӵԺУҪ䣬ȴ޻˵ˡȷлȼǲͬǺԺҪؼңôϲ磬ȻؼҡɽҲǲԡţΪҪɽأ
룬ˣǱûˣӵĻϬ
Ϳ΢΢ҡͷûҪˡԼϲԼˣʱ
ֻǾΪʲôסŵ⣬ҵʱѾԪһж޹ˡ
ͬصͷ⻰Ҳûǡ
ǣûΪʲôҲҪΪͽأѵȲҪ·ôֳĻ֮ͬƴͿӼ޷˼
֪ûѾƽ͵صȴˡ
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лȼͿӰʾ֮󣬶ʱ׿磬Ż뿪
µͤӾڲԶˣԼ֮ԿӰȴЩ
ͬ׿㶼ˣҲΪ˵Դף֪Զ׸磬ʲô׵ĸ顣
ʱлȼֹסŲҲΪܲһ˵ἰ
֪һľ˵󣬵ȴûʹ񽫹֮¸׿̫˽飬ܻ漰׿ΪĹЩǰվһˡ
˼лȼ˸ͤеȴĬһѧξһǰһ裬һ豭ףֻǱƵ˴˴
ӺеһȲƢɢ⸽СƬء
źѧԽ࣬ԽǾһڴԣĵطÿվĴϰŪݣ¶зֱִͣ˵ռ롣
ѹɽնǰ룬Ӵ˹ϼ
պ𻯳ɵĻᡣ
лȼԴ磬һֱ˳˳ˮͨ˻ļѰûͿǷԵɻ׿иĸ޶˱ĳޣŵղȴҲ޽Ŀƣ磬лȼ֮ǰҲǼܶѪġ
Щ˶֪ɽµǿݹǡ
ǳΪɣҲΪڿݹϵɡ
лȼͬɽδȫǽྻѡˮϵһ
Ϊûо£ҲȻȻ
лȼӵЩȴΪƷ⼸˶⼸ͣΪðˡ

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лȼǴƷҲע⵽ɵ¶Ц⡣
ô罺ᣬɷֿ׿Ҳ̧ۿǱ¶ȴˣע⵽飬ֺЦεشȤ
ЦСŮ̬Ȼɱ˲գ۵ϣֱ̾Ϊֹ̿׷ɱ·ս֮ʱҲĶ
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ɽ֪֮ǷͨϣʱһЩ޵ĶѾͷֳʱ飬˵ĳһõԵ֡ôһ룬ǰһ˼ȫɢˡ
ңңлȼۣǱ߹Ȼʲô󰭣зġʶ׿ոյ٩ԼǱͨˣ˴ʧõֳֻԼһδֹ
ЩЦ⣬ȴӿˡ
Ҳã׿룬ֲӦĵЦݡܹϲ˳أȷ˼е¡
Ǿͣ˵лȼõȻɽҪ깴лȥɣ׿ָˣҪڴ˴һǰԺ顣
翴лȼʱҲЩ̲סȥԼֳͬദжá
ʱˣеᣬһǻڴԼŤŤ󷴲ûʲôҲͻϹ£ôҲź˵أ
׿ӺϣԼͷüװ˼һ˲ȻǳɵʵôҿҲأ
һӱŪû˵
룬ȷʵ˰ɣѵϲ
ҧ촽ֿʼ뷴Ļȴ׿Ƿյػӻӣʾ߿ߡ
Ǵǰĸ磬֪ԼҲӰɡĬȻʱĸΪүȻҲܳ谮ԼŮվǸʲôοԼ˵հģҲϲֳֻÿջ뷽跨ԼģֻҪԼЦͱʲô»Ҫ֡
ˣҪˡʱѹ΢΢죬һ㣬Ҵ뿪ߣлȼǱߡ
лȼͬʮָۣǻ΢Ц㡣ʮ

ɷ19

ֻһС·쵽Ϳڵʱɿֻ֣ƽʱӡ
ڱǰһֱװ֮ˣû뵽羹Ȼ鵽ɵĿ֣棬˶δڴ
߻ȥʱӺͿ±ߣӶѾ뿪ˣǰչ췣ȥˡֻλʦߵķΧʱЩ죬Щѵÿվһû뵽վһͻ
ϸ룬˵лȼȥ׿ʱʦ˴˻гʱ򼸺ûһֹҪ˵ж϶˹ϵˡǷֱлȼѧʱһԷ˵ʱֶº͵ġ˭Ҳ벻˻Ϊʲôô
£ȻСһ㣬ʦߣúúһ塣
ȥͿͿӵ±ߣúÿԼϰ֮ûнȻɿش±Ծ£Ȼв֪ס৵ĵס²ͻʯͷֲԾ
ˮԶֵͨͽŹ
ûȻͿҪΪͽʱܵ˺ܶ˵ɣΪһһֱûıҪϸţΪźı޿Ҫ
յӶģǵȻҲܽΪԼĿꡣǼǿȴֻ޲Ҫģеڲ֮·ӦĿպѧϰʱԵ˿ࡣ
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ҲǼ˵֪ҪΪ޺һʱ±ԭڣŵӶϰʵġΪ˵򵥵ĵطֻҪܹʱʵԵʹǵĿҵĿꡣ
˵±ͥԺеҲѶȸߵͺѵĿͬˡ
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һüͷȻɶܷʵʣΪС¸˭Ҳ˭
Ϳӿһŵӣֵ˹֮׻׻룺С°лȼǲɽѧԺ󣬿۵ҡ
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һлȼ֮󣬵õȴ˷ܵĻش
ڿѡһ¾ʦ֮գȥΪʦ֤˼Ҳ˵ĸѵΣĿ⾼ؿò˼

лȼ̽ӵһձҪʦˣųϵĵλһõӲѣ˵˵еĸ˵㲦ԼΣԼҲȥˡǺӵʱȴвԼʦݵļƣʱô±һɡ
Ȼˡ
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Ķⳤģ֪£עصȻ
ʦʲôѣлȼؿʦȫû뵽񻹻вͿ顣
еĽˡӼлȼȻûʣа˿Ȼ뵽Ҫ¸üͷֲԾ
һнѾ쵽ʱ֡ӽ˵꣬ʮᣬСͽִ̽£Խյϰݣȥˡ
лȼעʦıӰԴʶ֮𣬺Ӿһֱαֱֹ֪˼ʹĿͯ׵ͷɺԵƤҲѰûʲô
Ժĳϲ࣬㶼˵òд˷ʹͣפûԼȥ
ǺӺͿλǳСȴͬ˵ĳһ˥ϡ֪ˣͿʦΪԼļܵʹԼѾ⹫һʵŽԼģԼʦأɽ޵ʱʱȥտĸܵһңЩǷͲᷢˡ
Լ˶̲ס룬οеˡ
Ļϲطϲ׵ܣ֪ȴ˼״Ҫһ鶼Ҫȥеĺ£ʱЩʲô
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᲻ڵԭԼʹǲĴ
ֻһ룬лȼҪϢˡ֪Բ£ǾȻͷβʹ
Сͯձֱ֪ӽʳ˺ɽлȼԭȥͬһòͣǰŵͷƤ飬ɽеʯǰһʱȻ˶
ֱѹ
ʦ˵ˣ罫ԼĲͺҲһ߰һ߳š
лȼʵصͷȫû˼ֱ˵һȻ
ңлȼŤͷСӡ
Ҫҵ𣿡κ˼޿֡
лȼͷȷλʦ˽Ҳþôʱл˵˰ɡϾ˼ҷǳʹһξҪԼܰһæЩ鶼޷֪
Ϊ𣿡ʳҲϣ˳ҲǡһΪԼĦ̫ѨȻԼ
лȼۣܵҪſԼʣһԭ򣬷Ҳǲֱ˴˵ġ
ȴʦͬԼĻȻûһ䲻ƫġ
ʦ˵ʦԶޣԼȣǰǺ˵ܵԼȥ򡣵ԺҲҪȥˡ
лȼ⻰һ밲ο˵û£Լµġ
Ȼ󿴵ؽţϾʦҲˣˡ
ȻͿлȼЦ˳ûϵҿһȥʦȻ֪Щ飬ҾͲˣǿ϶ܽԲԣ
ЦݵţȴܽţձʦҶѾŵˡȴǰֳò׼лȼȻ֪ȴҲԼӸܵء
ԴʱȻЦȴǿˡ
ƽõ˲࣬һһһҲԸ⡣

ɷ20

ͺܺûشˣֻܲܽĻ
϶Խܼ򵥣ʦ˵ҪҰСæѾа취ˡлȼڿ԰ο˵ûʵˡ
һͷԶԼ£¿ʼͿӶԼµ㣬ԼʦһţǰûΪϵ¹κϣȴܹԼʱĵúʡΪʺϰķҲûжʱ䣬Լķʽͬǰ̥ˡ
лȼ˼Ҳ޻̸Ϳӵ飬Ͼ̸ЩȤԾա
˶ûпرܶԷֱ극Ҳû˵һ仰
ȵϸط䣬ŹغãлȼЩѹֵգϾˣóһֽԼϰᡣ֪Ƿִ˵Եʣÿһĵöϰڼ¼
ռ¼굱֪Ҳ͵Ϣʱ䣬ǽʵ˯ּϰת֮лȼһյ͵ƣϳҪԺĶ鼮ͷʼĶ
ӤķֻƬ
ľϵΪ׽õľϵ»ˣҲ֢ܵҲֻ˵ֿѾȴԿľشġӺͿһǺӣȻģҲ˵
ˣͿҪƸۣԼһСӤľϵѾʮϤӦòֿӦûǿнػһ㣬ͿӻҪΪϴĻʡǰ߻ףȴп˼Ϳ
ҲǺͿѪԵϵڣȽͨ˻Щ
Ҳˣ˹ȫֻͿһɡ
ӽΪͿӻ췦֮ʱΪһܹ齫
лȼ߷鼮üͷӸҪӤͿӵеӵһΣ͵Ӥڡ
뷨߼ϿԳ嵭ͿھԺӵĳлȼڱûЩȻЩȻ뺢ںųСһЩ֮޸ʱҪľҲӦ١
Ҳֻ߼ϿУʵлȼ鼮ֻǰͿӸĻİ취ȴûпм˵˵Ҳ˵뷨Ǻԭġʵʩ֪
лȼصϣȥвסЩľ
ߣ棻棻棻ǰԽĸ磬档
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ĺ΢СͬϸСǶûԵѺۡҪлȼиӦԼҪ仯ˡ

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лȼ棬ȻԼ23ûŮѲδ껹ûҵòá
ôһ룬ԼҲͦ޵ġ

1

ÿǼСݸϰΣлȼæö࣬Ҫʱ䶼Ҫÿͬһϰ߿⣬˯ǰҪϰһɵĹ
޲ܽԼָɼˣÿʱÿ̶µҪ׼
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ΪһֱƽȥǷһ벻顣
Σлȼһ紩Խ뿪ʱ;ĿʮϤ˵ﲻԾʱȣûж룬̫ղա
һѣ֮лȼ۾ȴԼվһϤ֮СSKķ䣬ڼ
ϵıӻԼϰ̯ţشǰһ˶չԼСְ졢ģͺ͸ֹƷԱϰԼ顣
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2

лȼ߽չڻ谵LEDƹ̷ӦͲݵƻͨķԲͬ缴ʹҲϴбϾ治ͬĵƶܵĵͺĵƣΪ۲ʱڴ·裬ÿ̨Ա߻Լרŵĵƾ߿أ͡
ͻȻ粻ʶԼļңóȻ˾ĵһӦ϶ȳȥҲԼĻ˼֮顣
æҪ뿪ӣ򿪴ʱȴǱںͱ˵Сȼѻ𣿡
ǱһͬԼһģһش𣺡ţһɡ
һʶҪȴԼ߿һֵСȼôǹˣ
лȼԭ£вԼ忪ľû֪ҵлȼ䡣ͻȻԼ򿪵ţ뵽ԭ򣬲Ц
Ƿǳصذס򣬵ͷ˵һԷŶ
ʱӲһ£ͷҲԱᡣϧ⵲סлȼǶȿȥֻ˰ڳµ̬
ո̶ӣȴûзʲôͬǰлȼ߿˹ҲûзлȼԼȻ壬ͻȻ÷·ʲôóԵĶһġ
ԭǴԽһԼĺԼͬһռʱ߻ʧ
ȻͿǸлȼ˹ϻЦڿߵʲô
лȼĬĬվһЩ
Ȼ쵰֪ʲôġ
šлȼ߽ԼĿ־·һվʱֶԼԼӾ˳Լ˿̱ӡ˾ӡ
ô֪ǿռ䷨򷢻ãĽʲôֲ¡
ôһҲЩŴһԼָ޷ʲôһӦǿԼҲܲԼҲá
һлȼԼŮѼвʱ־ȫת˷ŭãһ㶼á
ߵ˸ǰͼ˵ʲôȻ㷢ԼȫˣԼֻݣȫˣڵֻܿȴ޷֪
ֻڲ˽ϽλϣȻԼҲ޷ƶκζ
ֻûʾӦǿռ䷨áƽʱյԼ֪ǰ۹⣬ڵȴͻȻԼƶԲֵۡ
Ȼε£ǰлȼʼٸߣʲô޹С
лȼоϸֱ桰Լں˵ЩʲôȴֵֹܾġƺԼʶʱһЩԼ˵ʱǰģǡԼв˸ȴֲܾ
ѧãĺܺóԣԵ㰡лȼùв˹̲סˡǰһƣ̵ǵĿ̸˹
羡ЦЦҳԱˡ
ǰе׷Ͳ˻ʣ´룬仰ȻŶޡûˡ
ûһδԽһģǰһлȼлȼһֱNN˵ЩĻ
ǰлȼлȼԽ⣬ʱջѡĨĴڡһʱֻᱣлȼ壬Ը
οǲţҵҲ𣿡˷ǳЦ
֪лȼӿ죬һһ⣬ûվڶôܡϢԵȵ£Ѿϰлȼţȴزˡ
뵽лȼ䣬һơ
ףлȼôôݣӦлȼΪӣԸȴôࡣ
ȻϲȴҲֻܵȴ
͡лȼ˹Źֵദÿһط磬ֻøϡҺҲûʲôر飬ֻҪԼ¶ѡ
лȼôŹֵߣһעˣһ˼İ취
취˵ѵҲѣ̵ʱϳԼţֻҪһлȼͬһӿռ䣬Ӧþܽ⡣
ϣԶԼźɥʧҲԽһ£лȼޱԼĶ䣬ʾ̫̫ʹˣ
ȰɣѵϵʱǸ˻ͬ˯̫ûڲ˰ɣɲԼ
ͷǣҲûзҪɰ
ȻĿɿڴһлȼ䡣
ΪʲôҪһ˯߱߱ʡ
ѵһǿ㲻ɣлȼ췴ʡ

ԼͬлȼһιʱҲƶԻ˵ȴͬˡҽʱͬգѾӦлȼͬҲԸˡ
ܽţͣſڡ
ô𣿡лȼΣյۣ漴Ц㵥һģòҪҡ
߽ȥ֮ȿı鷿мһţлȼĴ¹¹Ա߷һ£ȡĭŸͼڵذϸպÿ˯ˡ
ϱӵϣִӳȡ±ŵϣָָʾ˯ɡ
ֻ˴ߡ
лȼһۣûᣬߵϿʼ򿪼
лȼߣŻһԼֱۣȻ޷ֲǸô׾˳ȥţֺһԼԼźš
˵ڴ֮ǰһֱΪĴԽģʽġ
Ȼ޷繵ͨлȼǰ棬㿴ĹʱѾеһ
һߵǰͷһϤݣҶ˶ǴҲŶ˶
λϢ
һлȼҲĻһݱ֪лȼʲôЦ
Ȼлȼ޷ģֻһԼžش֣ϣ
лȼһʣΪʲôô
ȻͿĻһַɿ𣺡Ŷˣ˵Ҳ
лȼγĬˣ˵ʲôʲôûġһ⣬ûκñ˸ڵĶ
벻֪ڵҵģ绹ǣҵ磿ִ
ĳĬˡ
лȼĻʾʱ䣬ʱʱһ֮󣬹ֲûеļ
˵ȹ۲⵽Լ£ȻȥʱյҲ˵ͨġһлȼӦһ硣
ദһգȻ޷˵ȴԹ۲ı飬ȴԼģȷɡ
Ļֿʼ֣㵱ȻԷңôֵ
ѵ̻вͬ𣿡
ְ첻ڣǻؼҾҪҽŮѵϲѶ
лȼ侲ؿԷ֣Լᱻֵͼ
ֱԷһ仰ѵ뿴һʲô𣿡

3

лȼһ˲磬ôܲءҲǺ棬´ʱΪԼǵ磬취ʱ֣ȴΪԼһǰҲ̫Բ硣
лȼȻһԼı飬ȴԴŲ²Լ뷨Цһ£бǳĳлȼ޷ɿһеַȻյʹΪãҲȥһ
Ȼڰڴϣϰڴص硣ϸű±˫ַڱ棬üۼͬһѩ䵭գ氵ɫ²࣬Ұ
лȼصڣһáȥ׵ȴֻ
磬ԼʱԽԽ񣬿£Ҳ۾·һֱĬֶ磬·û·Ҫ뿪ֻһ֪δ
лȼ黷ס磬޷ǿԸһֻԼ֪ӵ
ҡ˵
ߵǰִǽ棬ȻҲ˹ȥ߳ţվУִǽ档
ܷлȼԳ룬ǽˡִҲ㹻ʹôǽ
һǽ֮ĵطֻóһССӡĦӣģһһ߿ǽ£۾ǳߡ
賿ƿŽʱѾһˡ
˯ĺ磬ȴһҹû˯ãлȼȻ֮ǰ֤ģһֱ˯ڵذϣûԽ׳һҹξѣܾлȼԼߣȴˡʧע˯ˣȴ޷Ϥüۺмȡκ
תͷǽǷз·һСԾвϢģģ
ʱţС˵Խ񣬽޷˯
۾հ׵ǽڣͻȻЩ벻Լлȼ֮ǰʱԼҲܶѴʱһһ˳Լ
ûС
Ŀ̾»صǰֻѾϲлȼܹ꣬Ҫһĥѡ
лȼҹż˯һСʱ䣬Ҳȡɫ͸ɫվЩʹпͷԼȻһҹ
ߵʱҲѾˣлȼƣֵĿæ߹ȥ㰲
Ŀȥȴһ糣·𡪡·𿴲һ
лȼԻؿһԼƣشϹµëûдҲ޷ٽһ˺ղͬ״̬ʱʹһԼͬһռ䣬Ҳ޷Լˡ
Ʈһ㺮⣬лȼ˶Ƥֿһ۶¥
֪ζʲôһԼûԼǰչʾκμĶڵ鼮˼֮ǰĶȻܹͨĻƲԼĴλãлȼûͽ͵һߣԷԼ֪¼ԼѵԷͻ©һЩ
Цǰɡ
ǸˣҲԼ˽ԼԼ
ο˴磬ʲôһԼ񵽽ԼʱգҲı̽˽ԼǷʲôر飬ԲȥƽʱյԼ
ʱ֮󣬾ûһ̾ʵġ
߳ţ̧ͷһƺҲЩգԤһֱԼԼĥ
мǸַȻûȥǾBнҲ㲻ĶôԶǰʱһʵͬѧһ𵽹ǵûĻԼҸĹӦΪһˡ֮ĳһվתлȼһ¹վƣǿȷԼеת㡣
ȻȷģһԼҪԼȥǱ߱ʧȥ塣
ǴԽڶ죬ɥʧΧ˽Ļᣬټȥ֪ʲôԴ
лȼʮҡصϹϳѶûκ˿ѡһλ£Ȼƺλöһ㣬ûһλ˿
Ⱑǵ޽ķ
뿪лңôΨһȥ̽·һԼ¡
Է֪֪ˣԼȫڱ˵ƿ֮С
лȼעųĳˮѵԳɫ
ҹ˯òã賿ȴֳ˯һʱ䡣ѹʱȻ𣬵ǡлȼȴҲѾǰ֪Щʲô
˹ɿ˼¼̣Ȼӻ˹
סǿҪĽУֻ俴
лȼƺûЦȤͬϸ۲ɫȻ̽һʵҲ᲻Ὣҵأ
ƫͷ֪лȼҪĻشʲôδ֦ѡܶ
ȻľٶѾ˵ࣺᣬԶᡣ
۲Ƭ̣µ⣬Զ㣬ص磬ָῪ𣿡
⣬ŵؿǰˣƺڷֱԵľпܻ˵ʲôЦ
ȻΡлȼ۲ȴɵЦ˳Ҳ֪óʲôۣǳ˦һ䣺ǾĿԴ߳䣬ûҪ档
˵ҪȴǡҴҸĽŲߵʱ¥ԵĻ裬ȴͣһ˲Ų
лȼΪɵؿ˹ȴֻ޶ԺͿȥƺҲûвͬ硣
ҡҡͷԼȴлˣԱ£ʱΪͣҲ˵
磬Ѿڳ׼緹ˡһ֣ϲɵ¶Ц⣬ϸһԽԽ⺢ӳ⡣ദգԸȻЩ٣ҲǸںĺùϧ̫̫زȻС׼Ҳ⡣
˼ԵĲɫֻص˳ѰҸʱ佫͵͵̫̫˵һ
Ȼлȼ⺢ӱŸĸ˽ӽ˳ǻûüĸ׼̫̫ôŰˣ֪ϷƾҸˣҲڳ
лȼǹԼǰ֣Ժü֪ҲǸ¶˵̫̫Ҳи׼
ֻǿ˵աһ߰ڷͣһһüͷ͸оԾȻܺ壬һҹô˹ϵأ
Уȳ극Լúлȼ˵˵ԼСﲻԼţ֮ɾ˰
˶Լʾ£緹ֻԵʮѹ֡˸ԸģȻʲôû˵
Ȼʲô˵İ˵ദģʽȻԲ˺ӳܵķ֮УʾлȼԼ֧Сû뵽лȼȴԹˡ
Ҳˡ
٣ڵܶô罺Իˡ

4

˹ͨʵڲ̣мͣվҲʮңԶ
лȼڳϣоһȻתһϴͳǰԶĴľŹҡҲɿ仯Ӷ¥ƽĽȥɫҲԽֳͳʢеӡ
лȼ¹ʱӷ·ųȴһΪߵƾɶ̾Ϊڵ۶ĸǷΧڣ˶˱渻ԣûʵǽǣʵطӳҴʵ״̬
ߵʮ·ڣֻеߵĵͼĿľ
磬ϰѧѾ뿪ңֵ϶ǿտյġżԿһЩү裬û˵ټΧҲûдֳĻǳľС
лȼ˳ŵַ߽һȫʩǿȫСÿ¥ĲѰ¥š
⣬ǰļˡ
ǵ署ǰ游ĸסMأĸ󣬾͸游ĸBСٺѡBжӡסĵطô
յĵַָ301лȼվھ¥ԥһ˲ûȥ
֪лȼͬĹϵһԭ򡪡ֹ֪ϵһԭȥԼŮƽһԼ
¥Щǵ˼ʱȥΧԽԽȻˡ
Ҫ·ײ
һɻԼ﾿ʲô壬أֱǸáڣ͵Щ֪ĿΪε飬ʲôء
֪ӦʲôҲֻӲͷƤվһȻͰˡ
Һ˶û͸ˡ
лȼĵⶰ¥ǰҶһȦÿ¥֮䶼úܽȻСֻ߲ʮ¥ң¥Ĳɹ϶᲻ɱܵӰ졣ֲ¥ıԵлȼס¥ľ飬ضҲ˵ԭ
ƻ¥ʱͻȻϤϤϸ΢Ĳͬ
磬Ķ𣿡ŮϲϤϤİ
лȼǰ濴ȥȻ硣ͬԼʶ糤һģһȻϴǵ̬ЦƺܲͬлȼƺҪһЩ
лȼʱ䲻࣬ŮѾСŹϲõЦݡ
лȼôҲûǰ˵һ
ôϤǡлȼϷ΢Ц
ŮֺܿߵЦЦƺʲôε顣Ȼȷʵ˯
ŮлȼصԼļҡ
ҡɾխǽϹһĹнлȼ˵ĸֽ״
߹ȥҪóȴ뵽Լ˵ǵһ˼ҼУʵڲ̫òֻվǽĬĬ潱״Ŀ
ڳкˮˮж˳ʱͿлȼڶĽ״
ȥһκλѧʱע⵽ѧԼĽ״ǳ⡣ϾԼˣԼȡõĳɼҲġ
߹ó»õĽ֤лȼ
ѧ㿴бȡһȽѾȫʸ񣡡ѽ״ݸлȼһ߷һȽ֤飬۾blingblingŹ⣬ڴСӡ
лȼ״桰ֺ˶Ӳһ˲縨Σ֪ھԭһֱϲĿݡû˵ϲĻ
Լоʱ˼ڵ㣬ͬϲãҲֻЦеضԼͻƱҵĴ˧磡ûĹԭоݡ
תͷ΢ȴĿƿŮ
ȴЩɣϲ𣿡
ŮЦһ˫ֱ󣬷ǳص˵ͷȻվظֱЩͷͬʦѧһ㣬˵ʱûжôϲֻΪʱ˶٣Ȼ˵ʱûô˼ڶϡڸҵң˵֮ҲŽѧơ
ĻлȼѾȥͻȻлȼԼԭ
лȼôҲͬһˡ˵ϲã˼ʽϲ˵ѡ񲻻κβͬ
磬Լ粢ͬһˡֻǳͬһ˰ˡ
ڶˣлȼʡ
ŮɻüƺҲĳЩԾȴ˵⡣ֻõԼЩطûá
ϲõ˺ܶ࣬Сĵػش𣺡ʮ꣬Ҵһ
лȼŮԼ͸󣬱ȴۺܶࡣȻе㺦нô˵Ůӣûгʱܵ޹صı⡣
ߵɳߣ
ԼոкõˮˮƵлȼǰùǩŬЦݣѧ𣿡
лȼע⵽ԼиŮӴΡ
ûв´ϲлȼлȼȴϲ硣
ţЩɬͷ
Ůȵ۾ȻȻųһĵЦݡ
ɵ㣬ǱԼƵôѧ㲻һҲҪѧѾѧˣԺҲԷչȤ𣿡
Ůգ͵۾ְ˼֡
ǵǾܾˡ
лȼͣſȴԡϱ̫壬˵οⳡ鰮ľУԼĵˡ
ƽʱ𣿡ˮʵ
Ůã˼һ˲ŵģҲҪĴڣҲ̫ħʵˡ
лȼЦЦ硣
ȴŮӵĴƽʱյĻҺúоһ°ܹӰһ͸ˣ
˵ˣʲô׵ģҲˡ
ߵʱлȼͬ𣺡ǵչ˺Լ
Ȼ̨ס
ѾˡлȼһҪԼ˵ԵɣǸͬΣһԼûԵ֣ҲһԵ֡ΣҪ취صԼ硣
˽⣬ȥʵԽκһԼܹסҲֻԼ
ߵСſʱɫѾҪˣлȼŲӿ죬Ҫȥ
ȴ·ڱסˡ
ǰͬһ͸ǽڣҲ޷лȼش˴ָӦ뵽⣬ǿɺ޵ǣȻΪ
һβܶԿԼء
ŤͷߣйʱѾˣСԶֻһڡ
ҴĳڣȻȫ߳ȥԶǽڡ
ҺֻлһЩ·ʳ״̬ԼȻ屾Ͳ磬ҲǼѡûʳҲ㲻ʲôĴ¡
ǣ֣Ѿȫˡ
֮ǰȥʱû״ȥһΣܱܲע⵽ԼȴѾû˰ա

5

ûаգлȼȥҵš
ʱҽ˵Լֻʧ绰ѰҼֻ˰ɡܿ˽ڣźܾȴûеõӦ
лȼʧ׼뿪ʱſˡ
ǰϤŮظЦˣסţ磬λΪ
ŮȴãȻؿһţȻһ£ŹϡŹرյ˲仹յıԹôֳ⣬һΪлȼˡ
лȼȻԭżֱ˵дȥġ
ڵϣһ˽Լ˵ġʧһ߲֪Լô졣
ǿлȥҲҲǿԴɵġҲ޷ɣΪݵ໥Ӱ쵽İȻһλصδ֪֮
ԼѾ˰ɡ
Ц
ֿЦ
лȼһһ¥ǻƺԶҲ޷뿪СУɢǣԼҹ뿪ʱһҹʱΨһһ¡һ磬ڿĻУϸϸϣԼһ仰Һܿ
ڲݵм䣬ͷ޾ǿաر۾߷·
ܿ죬ʲôʱ
ȥԼֻͼȻ޷ͨ
һνԼΪݴʱмʱ뵽ԼһҲữһƬݱһʱա
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лȼĹһߵԺ԰Сһ˳õҡΣ׵Ӻ;ɡڴ˴еŴ硣
ģɡ²ɹˣ¶ůġ
żᴵһ磬ˬȴͬʹʡ
ѾҪˣؼйҲѾһࡣǰΪо׵ˣҲǳֻˣȥĴҲԽԽ١
ؼڼҲǿԴġ
蹤̬ȣȻ˳½ڵĲżлȼ˾׾˾˵ݣﰵ𡣵лȼֻһӲʯͷζϱ磬ΡȻˡĸҲǸã˶æ붼æҲ㵢Ҳͽûʲôˡ
Ƕסڼ
˶ʱչ̣һÿβԼ
ֻǳõľ˴ҲѾ壬ѾʱӰ롣
롣
ֺηлȼ롣ѵԼͻϲԼ
һлȼԽʱգʧ٣ҲѾһˡ
ݶһһЩɿݵĩлȼ뿪ʱģ˵ûܿȴҲûл
ȻûлǻѾصǱʱգ
ܾǰлȼʹԼ⣬Ѿȥ˱ʱգԶԼԼ᲻Ὺġʱش˻ûлش𣬻شʲôѾǵˡ
ҲȥܾãǺѾһˡ
뵽Ǹ⣬ʶôǸļѾ档ῪİȻֻҪлȼ԰ȫԼʲôء
ǻ԰Ǹɹ̫ȴԶ𰸡
ʱʣʲô
ɷȤζؿȻЦһЦ뿪
Ǹӡ
зɱʱյԼԼûɱˣֻأ
ⶰӣУһУпѰҵĵط綼ѾȥԵԷصľ롣ߺܿ죬ֿԱһ룬ȫ·˷ֱһڿľ룬˵ѾԵˡ
Ҳ
ܾû롰лȼȴֲԶ롣Լ˱УȴΪ
ܿҪˣ޼ɵݶС
ҵĹУαԳЩڵƣ
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ææµµطݣڵĻ˱ʹһ鶼ɵؽСֱ΢ءΡһȻһʾʹ򿪵ʱȴ·ܵһ㣬۲ܹ˼ٶѸ㡣
ǰļˡ
ѵкڿˣһ£̽ŵؿʼŲϵͳ©ͨѾʮָļ֪ʶһȴȻޱȡ
רŸ簲ȫĲŲ绰󣬿лֹţлȼôôûû
һ߳ȥӵˮȣӵ粿Żصõ绰һû⡣
ֽһ飬ǱҲƺЩ˰ٱӲŵάԱ̿Լʮ֮š
Ȼˮߵʱ򣬲ЩݲǴ̽ɨ
Ǹɨ
أȵؿ̫ղա
лȼ۾նؿ컨壬֪Щʲô
ѵÿлȼ¶Ϊ֪΢еӣɵþȥ٩䡣ƶˮ߹ȥ²ţȻֶŽȥ
лȼֱ￴˹
ȻһЦìˣҪҪ֧У
˵˻ʡлȼֹûУлȼֻǰؿ컨壬ЩΡ
ôǣЩȷظſһ컨塣
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Ȼͬû
ƺһЦһ죬ֱ׹лȼʾԼ˴¡
˲Ϣ֮䣬ĥĻͷʱȴлȼûпԼ̤̫ղգ߻ط䡣
ʵʱʹԽʱ䲢Ӧֻ˼СʱлȼıӰȴѾȥ˼ꡣ
ٳٶۣҲѾ⣬ȥˡ
ſڣ簲ȫļԱѾ塣
ЩݱˡͬСϸϸһ飬ƶͬ˵˴𰸡
ǸԴҵ𣿡лȼһˣʱоĻݸҪһЩԱ˵֮ܵ򲻸æϼԱϸŲϵͳ©Ͽܳĵط
û©Ա˼˽ۡ
ȷüëһţѯʡ
˸֣ϵͳû©ȷԱͷ˵ȷȴ̲סֻһոռĽ
ԲЩ֡
ԱͷҲðϸܵĺ飬רҵȷû⣬Ҳ֪ͬһжԾ
Сʱ󣬳ΨǽҲҴҸϹһ̽ϵͳʲô⡣
Բ״̬лȼ˳֪֪ʲô
лȼҡҡͷһΣʱȻƣȴʲô벻ˡ
лȼʵû״̬˵ʲôûлӦ½ڲҵ󣬺һһǰ簲ȫٰæһϵͳȫָǱߵ˱רҵϵɷǳߣκȱʧȴʵˣлҲ޷˷йɾãй¶ооɹ˵ԣĺܹܵġ
ԼԱҲֻüûʲôֻǱд³ָЩŵĲ
СʱȥǶͷðЩˮϵͳʱлвҴǡ
ֻȷȫˡ
һֱΪԱ֣ǽĻæԼҲŲһΣҵרٴҲûԱë
ϰ󷽿ȥϰԵ֣ϰԵسлȼһûҪģ©µģ
лȼ˼㱣˳Ҳ޷ṩЧļ⡣εطֻ֣ؿĻĿİͰ͵غͼԱ˽ٿһΡ
˭֪ȴˡ
лȼԭڴǰʶעҹաкֹص˴ȣͬһɫ侲˹
ûгκ£ڣһжǿԿƵġ
Ҳɵ˿ڻعһоͶᱻϻ졣ϾоһУΧһ˵Ĺ˼γɷչ
ֹ˲СʱԱˡ½лȼ䣬ͷɫѹƢҪлȼȱ֤ȷѾáҲˡ
뿪лȼָֻ֮ǰ˼ӣ´򿪴ĵǿա

6

ȻлȼʦѵĹϵͬҲһֿѡ
˵лȼĹϵ̸֡
ǴʱлȼȴЩ
ѵԶʣҪֶȫϸ˶һ飬ȻԶ򣬶Լˮߵ˴ߡ
лȼѾվ￴տ˺ܾˣ￴ȥֻ췱ǵƤգۣлǻһʫʣԸ˳ãǧﹲ濾ꡣ
ˮݸлȼʮְҲѹЩͣʲôʱƢˣ
лȼӹˮòЦЦȴ̫˵ʲôҲ֪ԼڿʲôʲôҲûʲôֻҪ˰վѡ
ڵʱҲûҪӦ
ֻҲǲ˵һлȼ㲻תͷ˹ȥ˵˸˭Ǿ仰ͬˮһӶʹȥץסκص㡣
ֻ˼ú󣬳Ĭصȴһ䡣˳Ĭ侲ȻûзӦ
ੲݵ˵ƢˣǹǰԵĸСèƵģһûиʶʱš䡣òᡭɻشлȼһ飬лȼ޲˫ֻһƶǲүƢַˣ˼ϲ㣬˼ҲûҪ¶㡣ò׷ֵģô
лȼĮע۾۾صȴġ
ûֱ飬ʱŵ˴ʣȻһ룬ʱԼദҲڳ£ԼΧҲûܰˡʱֱԼĺġ
ôͲҪ𣿴ү̸ôô
лȼĿѹŬͦ˰ѻ˵꣬ȻҲעлȼ۾ͿлȼȻɫȻۺ̽
ɵþ飬Ͼƽĺùĺãлȼϻİʦ˾ΪסˣһֱԼˣˡȻ˵ܽʣ
йعŲصԼλ
ԭһŸһͷֻлȼָֻ֮ǰơ·һһ㣬ֱűɫҹա
ζԼ֮ǰĻ˼ûдǲ׼ȷĵطȻʶԼΡү
˿ˮһߴ֮ǰֶĽ̼һĥԼǷ˵̫Щлȼʱǳܣǻ֪ԼȰˮõϣʵҲ̫񻰡
Ȱ£ȰͲȰ֡οѾͷﳣ˼£ʵҲǸù
ķˣлȼԼֵܡô˵е飬лȼǸصѵó𡣽ȴΪ˺ݺݴԼֵܡ
Լ̫Ѩֻͷһлȼ·Ҫװᵽһ㣬һԲһ
һֺ侲ƽԽƫлȼƽĶۣлȼȻ˼Ҿ̶õö࣬ȴûҫ˼ʱЩˣºҲȣȻ˽¶лȼүʵûʲô˼
˵ȴ࣬ԹܾƵġôһ룬ľ˳ܲܺŮһĥĥߴߴҶ֪Լ⣬ƽƪˣټƽϼҲû˼
ţͷȴչ˳࣬һ״̬ȫ֮ǰ˼롣
лȼվڴߣҹգܾԼѰҵʲôûǼƷоȥһһ㣬ġ
˵ʲôȴ벻
Ļˣÿһ䶼ˣȴӦ
Լ̸һȻ˶Էûӡ
տյģҲտյģ˵ȷд¡
˵һִ˺Ӧǻ֮ص˺£ԼΪࡣҪԼͬ˷֣ȻˣζŲҪ
ҹջĿʱѾҪϢʱ䡣ǰδеƣɨԼմʱմ¶ʲô롣
Ȼˣصңϴ裬ɵϣ˯ߡ
˯߲ȣһֱε˭ǿҪѵʱ򣬱ȴЩֻϱĨʲôûУȴˮ
ˮ᣿˯ѵԼƺţֿܿס˯һξ
ŨŨҹɫУָָһӨˮۡƺҪǣȴ֪Ϊͣס壬ñƮȻȥ
Ҫߣлȼѹ
ſտңǰžȶ¹⡣һΪξѡϤѾס˼꣬Ҳûҹ￴ӣֻнҹȻüį
˯⣬شڵĵƹ⣬Ȼ󷭿ԼֻͨѶ¼
ͷβЩĺ룬ʸС
ϸϸ鿴˼ִ֣򿪸罻ϵ˽ᡣ
еĶһŲȱֻȴûҵǸˡǸеġ硱ǸĪ̸ֵַǰŮѣô˼ˡ
ʱȻƣܵ˵ǰһջˬࡣ
ݣմʱյ֮⣬˼ǰ
Һ̽ѾʮֿɹۣʧݵӰѾϢ죬ʱһ½׶εģͣݷжϡ
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лȼ˫־һĿȣһ˫Խĳȷɵ쳤ǰǴظɾС԰ϧȫ
΢壬ë׶չ
ӣƷƷֽȷŻϡ˫ֽ棬ͷʵصҡڡ
ܺãûдɡȻҪ΢΢˫ۡ
ĳ̧ͷķݶһͬɹ̫
õط𣺡ˣüҡҵĿҲѾﵽˡ
ңԶ飬ܸܵ˰һۡ
鲻ЦЦ̾벻һҺҲѡ
ϵƺŲ˼ƵһߡԼ⣬ȴûĵط̧ͷա
ǰԼͬ⣺
ĸ澿Ӱ졣
ֻĪЦЦɾԼüЦ˵
۵ûзҲûмıóѵĵ⣬Ⱦ˵ļį
Ҳûͬ˵
ֻơ
߹ܶطܶʱգȴҲ޴ȥȻֻ֮˵ݶʱˮ£ǰ˲ˡ

7

δ𣬵δ𡭡
Զˮ಻лȼ԰˯ʶѹĸѸռʶ˻Ƶؼܱϡ⻹ʲôɤ类˺һ㣬ʹò˫ۡ
ɽУͷԻʹ⽥һƬ̺õĵϡ
¶̫лȼûֻ̫סֻȷǰ˺󣬲Żɽ磬˹ڼª⣬С˵леְرɵ֮
ֻô벻ˡ
ԶʯӰ״һƬ۳©״ҶӣʱѾ˲ˮ
иɵȴȥЩˮŵվ˼ȻʵӰߣ뿪˵㡣
ǽߣ˳ŹչķСĵѰҳ·
ߵʱȴһĹͣסŲǹҲ
үЦɵ⣬ǿļˡﻹһƬҶӣװ˲ˮ
лȼޱ飬˼˭
ҪҪȺȵˮ˵ܲ˱ôá˵ţ΢΢üͷü۷𵭵ĳ
лȼ͵ز׽ؼʣиӰ˹һС
ˣ·ϿС¿ԼǮҪһʱ֮Լߡҵʻᣬһ
벻СѾͷߵ·ȴҪ׷ɱǡһӡӵԼΪεΪȴհˡ
ҪǻʹҪΪһξ
ţ̲סһԡ
ǣɤӣһʱҪŻҪƴסʹࡣʱһжˣΪⷴӦԼѧʱǧķӦһģһҪ֮
ӹˮڣɤһЩ֮֡
ȷСѾͷûж⣬ֻص֮ǰĵݴϢлһˮҲС
ǲСѾͷѾͷҲ⿴һۣ˵ʲôȴһֱԥ
лȼɤʹͬܲܰȡЩˮ
ѾͷξѰͷеҶӹԭأȻеƬܶ
лȼıӰЩĽǺԼһôãԼʱѾˣѾͷȻô񡣹˵Ҳ̫˰ɡ
תһ룬ЩǳСѾͷþҲ֡
ĪУҪԵ·ҲǲܡҪ˵Ѿͷ˼ܣֲ֪ʲôʱᱻЩ׷ϣʱԼǿѻؼң˵ˡ
лȼ΢΢̾ǳԼƴԽϵͳʱ׼ļϵͳ
Ԯһ㡣ȵغСҲԼ·
ʱǸ˼·Ϊʲôţ۾һ˼Եɡȴ벻
ȥҪ
Ժʱزˣлȼе㲻졣Դĳλصо֮ͳԼԿʼ仯ǰǵú飬һʱͻģ
СͼԾѣʵڲڶʮʹࡣ
˽ʹǲÿ϶͵͵ҹ¼Ա仯ô
ЦлȼϢ׼ˣôҲǰҹ
ǾǴԽµġûӣûԭ
ǵͬǷӦͣ˴ԽΪϵͳԶ¼ѾԽԽȫ棬ǰĴԽ飬ǶЩݵķҲҪ֤ͿԶʱʵ
ô˴ԽʵΣޱҪ
飬лȼÿÿ飬ȴʶܾ·һְֻ߬ץ޷¡
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Ŀ˼˲һѾͷˣʱȻߵ÷ɿ죬Խ˺ܶࡣ
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Ŵã˵˼ҵۣ
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סҪ뿪ˮѾͷЩǲֿˣ
һɫ԰ףɤɳƵظһһ㡣СαʱԼ֮ĳˮӿ
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үϢңһǰȥˮɡһ˳㿴ûпԳԵĶ
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лȼû˵ҲЩԼɤסתһ룬Լ״̬ܻ߶ԶСܣǲԼÿЩ
Լ·ҪظЩ
ʱȴԼһѪۡ˼ΣʹӲ˲䣬¶ġԼѪ
СѾͷ
Ѿͷٹʱϸ۲һҲûҵԵ˿ڡ
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ѾͷڽϴõĹҶƬԼ˼ػش𣺡û˰ү
漴ʶʲô˲࣬Ťͷлȼı顣
лȼȴϾһ㣬ͷֿʼʹǰǧҲûʹôľ飬Լҹǲùˡ
ӺܸҲ֪Ѿͷôࡣ
¼ڵϣ۾ϻ
ͷ̫ʹˣ˳ǷˡɽҰҲʲôҩ鷳ѾͷԼҲʵ˵Ѿ޵С
ԼԼѾͷһ㡭
ȴѾϾжϷʲô
ιʲôֽͷ̧Լϡ΢ĸлȼͷ֮ϣиеʮֵʡ
Ҳֹ˫΢֣·ǸԴʲôĵϢһ߹Ǳ㰲ĵƣ͵˸˯֮С
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ҹΣȻҹʱȴ˲١
лȼ˶ͷСαѹŵͷүˣõ𣿡
лȼȣʵ΢üͷ̽ͷŲСҲʶλõΣлȼͷ̧󣬺ܿԭվ˼
лȼɻص棬ͷ΢΢һֿ࣬һϴøɸɾĹӡҹûʣôࡣ
Сע⵽Ŀ⣬æ˵ҸոճȥϴģүЩǾͳ·
лȼûлشִԼĶͷƺȷʵöˣ仹е㷦˺ܶࡣ̿ͣɴֱСԼˡ
ͣЩСαŵֹջûˡ
΢ȵƴսлȼסԱ˴Լ񣬻˱ܡ
һαŸСû˵ʲôӵݹлȼԡԼҲһһԼϢĵطس
ԺúƬ̣Сѯлȼү߰ɣ
лȼҲվѾָ̫ˡɤӻЩʣֻǵͷ
СкۼȻѾͨһ¡
ûлȼԼѰʳˮԴ·лȼ߽˶ѨһȼŵĻѡ
ߣ·¸ӾܰȫЩˡЩΣ̸ȫࡣ
лȼû˵ظ

8

СȽ䣬ʶС·һ·ߵʮ졣
лȼȻΪӣС˸ȳڸո˵ԭ򣬸ʮֳ
СȻǰ·Ҳʱ̹עлȼľʱʱͣ½ŲҪҪЪһЪлȼʱʱףָͷֽ֪ԼȻΪСεۣСðűץΣҲҪȺлȼִͳһ
ҵһε£ͣסŲпڱϣı΢΢
Сϣڰʾȥɡ
ҾЩһɴسɴһܣ񡭡˫֣ͻȻԼҪ˵ʲôΪԼֻسɴֹܡո˵ʲô
СνӹǮɫȴָֻ˽
ûϸлȼո˵Ļֻлȼһ·ټֲȥɫʱʱף˶͸˵Ĵ̬СλǰѾԼ䵽ϢһʱҲֻǿ֧Ƭ̰ˡ
С¶̼飬ӵغӡ
û˵ӣ㻹𣿡Ҳû˵ӣҷĲ㡣ֻĸ׵Сһ㰧עлȼ˶֮⡣
Ϊ顣
Ǵ˿̣ԼѾﲻκæˡ
ߣлȼӻ֣Ҫһ׷ɱԼȥһֻҪ黹лȥϣѵ𣿡
лȼȻСŵôһ¡
Ǻӳʱ·̽ͷֳ·ֿ̧ͷע΢ζ֦ƺʲô콫ԴĹӡ
лȼָЩȻδ֪δ׷ɴԼڵϣֻƽؿʧŮӡ
ѾûٱģԼı֮ᣬҪο֪Ϊζ׷Ů
СҲ̲סۿԴӼгʺһֱԼǿѰҳ·Ǵ˿̣Լͬ·յȻʩһᣬȻ©žеһʯӣȻˡ
лȼָͷеηӿصǸ֮ˣʹʱĴ㾫ͬŮ뿪ΣܲĴ֣ԺҲᶪЩֵķ꣬ʱֻӱ˴
ŮֻͨຢӻãȻŲȻԽǿԽá
Ҫ˵ʱлȼֻ֪ǿбҲһʲô
˼ԺҪǿؽԼڲúó󡣿߰ɡ
Ůȥᣬ¶ޱȼǿЦ⣬лȼ˸ͷ˵ллӣӲµģСˡ
˵˻Ȼתֻ˳ٶ
һΣСλͷлȼӰѾûңԶĴСٶգֻ֦ܿӳ֪֯и˴ʱضڳ޷ֵĽػлȼ
ĨĨϾ˼飬СץǮǰСܶȥΣҪ취ȥ
С뿪лȼƬ̣ŷվ
ȵЩ̿׷ɱʱֻͨԭҲֻϣһСοߵľ룬һԼġ
һֱͬԼʱһžż·ȴ
ǰһЩ̿׷ʱ׺ڱصãһжžʮַŮʲôػļˣĬĬǵİȫɡлȼҲࡣ
ԽôΣܶӡˣϷʱϧÿѡЩ˲ǳĹϵ󶼻עԷ롣
Խʱ̤ʵϣһһӰʵڵˣЩлȼԣֺһ˳ĴȫϢʲôء෴ΪЩԶٺлȼԽʱԽ࣬Ӽį
ʱر˴Խϵͳˣͷһθֳ
׷þδСѾȥлȼһʱһɥɢоȻҪƽࡣѾֻıϵͳɱִʱҲֻܽذ״ʧڴ˵Ӱаˡ
Ҷɳɳ졣лȼ̧ͷң˸Ĺ֦Ӱҷ֮䡣۾ֺвڵ°ƮƮ
ɱһֱûǰߵСҲȫࡣ
ƫͷͷблȼһƽ£ԼԡڳȺɫ⴩ҶڵϺϣһԲ
Ȼͻͻ·֮ǰҲȴʲôˡ
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ЩŸ̫ãٲ⿪űҪǡ
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Һ㡣һɵ䣬вʶȤҶƮ䵽ͷĵƣ㲡
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Ȼˣʹ
۾ӦǸˡܾúܾǰƺиҲïܵɭУɭ֮£˼ʲôǸȴʼעųɫա
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ǸŮĴڹͬԼӰ룬ΪȴʧӰ١
ʲôʱʧģлȼΧѹξԺ޺ۡ
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лȼץסӣһ㽫ѪĨˣȻ뿪ӵȴûȥȥ۽ǡһָֻԼĶͷͻȻ˶ҡ˼£Ȼۡرɵڵء
Ȼӻѡʹرս˫ۣȴŵ
ɭ֣ɳɳ֦Ҷҡһ̲ͣȴû˴ϷµƮ֮
о֮£ԭװĲ߷֣ͷ̲ס˿ȣһѪ˳
ԭһЩȴѪӿͷ񳾷ѾõһƿƵһҳЩİ·һԼڴԼ˵
ˣԼһʱյСûע⵽ԼһֻƯĹֱ꣬ˡʱҪȥѰ磬ȴôҲ߲ȥ
˵˶죬ȴԼҵ
һʱÿ춼Ůһģһ֪Լ硣
߹Ů·һеȴ޷⣺һֱദȥһһġ
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лȼҡͷ۽ӵǵģ
Ǿ仰ûü˵꣬㱻ʱյĻ֮䣬ȵʱѾȴһС
ԼҪ˵Ǿ仰ǵģԶһϿлȼֻһ㡣

9

˷ݣ
лȼſּһƬϣձϸСĲݼۡʹЩΣѾȥôá
ȷ·δɢԼȴѾδ֪ںδ֪ڿɺã֪Ƿٻᡣǵôǰ׷ʱϲϷʹԼѪҲûԼˡ
ƽ֣統治
̧첲ѪĨȥ˷ڵϡĺɫȻңԶ߻³һжţʲôҲ֦ͬҡҷĺӰҲ
۴ͷ֦˼ʲôӡ
֦ɻᱻѹ΢СĻȣ紵ʱ֦Ҷҡɢʱ¶ŮĲ˷·֦ͬһţ¹֮£·ҲƮƺɡ
Ը⣬ɸһӵľվԼߡһǶԶԶҲһĵδԳֻ뿪ȴҲ޷ˡ
ûϵˡ
Щ仹ᱻٴǣһþзʽԼ
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20981224ҹMĿѧʷǡ˹ͻȻһصأʾ֮MȫǰľϲԤԲ˲䱻תѾõĿƼ̳֮Ծƽҹ˰˯·˶ˣԽϣͻƵƿֵ
ͬʱʷǸ㷢ıھʱٵʷǴǰ˹ظˡ׿˷ѧʽһϵƵ֤ʱݵĿԡͨƪݷ࣬ʽ㷱ӣͨ˾Ϊ֮ҲֻסеĽۡ
ƪľȻ󲨣ϧܴ֤ʵȴκʵ֤件ڹһ֮ڶƴѧʿȺʽ֤˽ۣǲٴֻǰԤԵĽһ֤ʲôչǣһʱʷٴγȥ
Ȼʷֶͬ⿪չѧȤͨҲעˡ
ǰϵֵ֮ѧȻһΣǵĽ˽ֻ֪Ǿϵ۵Ĵ޷֤ʵһ㣬ЩԤҲ޷õ֮ľˣûһԴۻΪʵ
ʷһοڳԣֵ֮Ѿã֪ȫڴ
ȫ֮£ҲһЩƣкܶ඼ǶԼҳеĻˡ
ʷѾãרŵоŶӣ֪ʵMнϾһ͵ʱͷۿҪбըͻƣȻMʤ뵽ŮǲɶЩȻˡ
ĵĸ߲ȴһָһشš·ʲôΪ֪ĴȻ
SKоλ¸صһصСͻУͬһȴ˵̸λ˾лȼĸ׺;˾ˡлͳΨǡʱ28лȼ
ĸ׳ΨԶڹ̸һҪ⣬ʱҲʱľ
лȼԼʱԾǨһгɹϽҵͬʱɹĹȫ˾ˡ
ȻҲ׿ȴоѧѧѧߣʵڲʺϳɽЩɹ
˽Լɣǰλ˵üͷȴûһ˿һüһѵΪǾ͸׻Ǿ˾һ𣿣
ԣʷĺûᣬΪʲôҪȫƸô
ǲ֪ʱлȼѾϼύ룬һеĿгɹԻĵ巢ԣԸ巢˱׾˾ˡ˾ͬĿŻѪΪ˿ѧȢӣֵûЩˡ
Լлȼ룬ԼԼҲʱˡ
أΪ˸رŮѡ̹״ӿܴϣлȼͼϵܺãȻûŵıҪҲֻ˵ԼһƱػһ͸ԭйص
Ҳõңֻ˸̽ռӾͿԡȻҲҽᱻ޷Լ˯һұϾʧǻǰһؼңǰоĹҲԼֻҪǸԼҴڵʾͲҡһжԺʹǰһΨһĲֻͬڴȫʧ
лȼһ߽ͣһ߻Ǻܽš
ⲻԼʧʱյܵССӰ졣ƽʱյԼʱ¡
ʱյԼñͨ˿ӡءʱյԼȴǱƤĨȥһ㣬ѣκκۼ
ѧʱΪѧУɢ˺ѶĴ¼䣬Ȼںȥ˻ûȥ
۵һʱյķ϶һ±ȫ綼Ҳб˴˿֤Էʵشڡ
С
ϹŰͻȻлȼ˼Ÿס
ʵӰ졣лȼִػش𣬱ȴкˮԣȻϣĸ⡣ʹѾ¶ζıԼԸҲͬϣܹ㸸ĸꡣ
ĸײͬģл˳ŶӹˣһʱҲ벻дǣֻðչƵĸϣ˵ǰ䣬˳ڶˣġ
лȼſ⣬ͻȻǰĸǹأĸ۰֪ӽעʷһ˼ǵõĳ֪ôġ
Ĭ֮ʣһֱԹ۵ľ˾ͻȻ˵˻ʵոջýѾӵȨޡˡ
»ֱߵļأĻǽϱֳΨŮʿӰ
һշ糾ͣɻ⣬֮һ̸ֱСոЪļͥ飬ϵ׵ܸܵԼͨȨ޵ͬʱ⧲˶˵ܡ
ʱ˫ӰڶԷǰλׯĴŶ³ȴСŮһ·֪ӰѾͨôܣǰ϶ѾɷӺ͵ܵܵĻ档ɾǵԼ̬Щƣ
衭лȼҲû뵽ͻȻʹԸһ˱ˡ
֮ǰȺ͸׾˾˽ԼܾʱԾǨרȻ֯ͬٴغĸ׽Щ顣ôɰĸһϲϱġܶಽ趼ˡ
Ųؿĸף͵ǳԱץŵȴĸоС
Ůʿô˼˺ܾãֵðĲˮһڣ»һ¶ϤЦݡ
ǲʣҴˣû˵ɡ
лȼ͸׶һۣĿжǡȻù˵ˡĹʶһ£ûУ˵ˡ
ŶŮʿ꣬²ؼһڲˮ
ʵǽ춼˵˰ɡлȼһ˵ɡ
лĸ˼һͻȻüͷڷʮص⡣
лȼʱͦٴС
˵ǰͺҶϱˣлĸ𣬡ΪʲôƬûҿ˵Ƭˣֶûң˸ɵ¶˵
ݺݱʣлȼȴͬһ䣬Ц򵥣Ҵؼҿ㡣
ѵһмȥȻˡлȼһͬʱĸѾò
ؼңڼңһ˳ԸԲŮʿͷʮָ
ã֤˼⣡лȼ̲סЦɵġ
ˣһ¡лĸؿӣ˻֣жͨ
ʣΨԴ˽ɺ󣬾ûվҪԼۡ
л¶лĸͬ飬վҲӻ֣ˣҲ£Ҳˡ
ɢлȼصԼᣬҳѻָϵʽ緢Ϣ
ûˣ㶨
Ҽҳ
֪˻û˽ʮӣǱ߲ŷϢι
20995£֯ĻظصлȼС˵ʵܽͷĿɵСгɹѾʮ㣬ʱصַ룬һŻĻīÿʱգڷƫƵͬʱֲϸСӰ졣ĻУֻҪӵʱԻصȥӶıڡлȼоȴ֣ʹصͬһ֧ߵĹȥҲֻǻٴζʣתһʱա
ԶҲͨȥıڡ
ȴԽҿʷһǣͬ͵Լһ㡣ǷϷк޶Ͳлȼоˡ
鿴֯ظϲطֲԼͨ֯ĬԼԡ͸ˡ̬SKко
֪׺;˾˰˭Ȼûǰ׷ԼֲҪԭ򡣵Щ
İʱҲΪ˿лȼ
20996£Իǣͷʱհȫ֯ճ֮֮Ǣ̸˰ѾõġʱհȫԼй涨ʱղ⴩ԽԼ۲ȥصҪȣѧ籧ԹڿĿǰֹ۲ʷ޲
ѧ߷΢ںңޱ죿ЩԹҲٷͰȥϾ˭ҲԸԼȵĳԺı¶ʹǱ¶ԼҲС
ڸʩѹ֮£ոʷǵıȸԾȺ·һˮı̬ѾˣûʱմԽѾˣͨ룿ûš
ֻ˻ڴǻȻϲ
ЩŶлȼѾ޹ؽҪˣϾһһԽµʱգǵðٴοʼұκһζҪɡ

1

ﰡ쿴ܲܲ϶λһ£лȼ߿µ֦߶ŶǱߵ˵
Ҳڽŵشлȼߵȡӽǣǵ֦⣬ȫʲôϢ
ԭʼɭְɣûڶ˵һͷʱɭģͼȶԣһߺлȼ˵
ϻлȼŵȡһõĵߣһ߶򣺡һʱҲ鲻ɴעһΧұʲôϻӵߡ
»صһɣȥ˼ĵط
˵׷˵ĺۼİѵŪˣлȼҲڷֹ
оޱȣȸ٣ȴһŨҵζζŨЩҪŻʱлȼֻţΪɭֵζûжʲôζԽԽŨſɼĸֱĺۼ׹ʲôζѪζ
ʱһɺֱԡճɹԽûΣôùϹŴľӻͽ
ƲӽǣҲоɭֿյЩ
Ҫɣĳ˿ʼùģͻȻһ£ǰǰʲô
лȼҲˣǰ治ԶïܲݴڱסĵطѪҺݸѳһССѪӡ
ֻ߬ȵСĵؿȻ龰Щˣɭ˰ȻʲôʱҲѾȫȥˡӦòٳʲôʡ
𽥿ȿһ޴ϻڵϡϻ۾Ϻ;Ͼо޴˿ڣһѪҺǴġʹлȼϻҲûʲôӦԼĲˡ
۾ϻƿע⵽Χͬϻļˡʬ塣
֪ǰ·޻ʲôֻ֮ʣʬ壬ٹãͽΪ׹ǡ
ǰߣ򶷵ĺۼȴûټʲôҰʬ塣˼˲١ȫʬ塣
лȼƣԼ㶨λַλɽֳʲô
ʱҪøֵͲΧɫٰ㣬¾ͿƬˡϧʱ磬йҲܺãݵԸҲһȫлȼȻ²ۣ鿴ʱȴϸˡ
Ҫ̽ϸ鿴뱣סϸ
ҺãҲûвֵز˺ܾã߳ʬİΧȦºʵĿֻθﻹڷţû˽Ӵͬʬ岻ӦġסѾܲˡ
˵ҪҪȥһǵѪͣ˵ǵĻǵ𣿻ԼݱķʽҰˬҲԾ
лȼ䷽ǰĳϼƤˡοζ·ơ
û˵Ϊ˵ҲûмѪ͵ܼ𣿡
ߴﹾ⣺´׼һ
˰лȼרҵȲҪ¼ˣж鷳Ͳ˵ˣЩҲᡣԺչˣȻѧЩЩǹѧҽѧ
ܶܣص
ţͷһʪлȼһˮˣҸطꡭ˵һ룬źȥаɣҪһϢ¼Ӧûûġ
һѰڱεĵطһ˼豸⡣һСŷ֣ڱεĵط
С˵ɽ䵥ҵ˾סľݣ϶͵͵˹⻷ɡ
ˮֻŷΪˡʱֻ˼ʱڵ·ȻִĲֻʱѡǿһĳ۵סԼһ߼ǰߣ쳤ѰԶ޿ʱĵط
ԶһĨССӰͻȻҰУлȼһ
Ϊδüߵȸ۹ȥŲȻǸˡǸСӣСﲻ֪ôڸ߸ߵ֦ϣʱֹ꣬סؿޡ
ոûʱڱΣҲû
˿߽̽ŷСŮĿȱ־ƺ̫顣
뵽Լһ·ʬ壬лȼͻȻףЩ˶ѾȥˣŮļ˻ǵˡֻʱȫȴ˹
ļ˻صͷͷӿͷʹ
ûо̫˼лȼ۰ϣͿʼоǿӦôȥǰʱȺҲͬһȥûҲ
ԼôһչʮĴ꣬ϣЩĿû̫ӰʣôԼȥôŮ
ûԹ죬ȥжѡˮģߣֻп־ȥüμֲסСŮżֲסĳҭܾܲô뿪Ůûȥġ
żͣҲῴǸŮ֪ˮˮѾࡣճյؿڷ꣬Ǹ޷ⷢʲôУȴȻץһѶ̽
źûͨʧܣ򿴵Ů۾ǿ޺ˣɱˡ߿ǰѶ̽ϵĺɫʹôõУҲûϴɾŮĮ̽ȴлȼȥ϶档̫ˣһĻ·ڿֲƬҲᱻΪ侵ͷ
ôһУžһ˵ɭУΨһ˫ͨŮ˭֪ˣѾء
лȼɫпЩֻиռŮӲʱĿǿʹ̣´ʱҪĴۣҲǰһСŮοһ˱ɻͷʹһᰲߡ
˵ָǸŮӣ硣
Сʱ򳤵úݣʹͬվһ𣬿Ҳϸĸʧ٣ʱգʱҲʮꡣ֪뿪ʱգҲ֪ԼԺӦȥ㿪ʼޱ߼ʵˡ
˭֪ȴرȥ·񵽣ģ˿ɰССȴʧȥĸԼɷ꣬³Ӻһֱ̫СŮ·飬ҪԲһŮԸ˼ҡ
ΪԽԭ򣬼ʹʳҲ޷ͯһ󡣵еĸĸֳȴֻѣɴŮ黭Ҳʦգϣǿ׳
õʱ䣬ͯβ֮ʱһξͻ䣬˻֪ʲôǱӳֳȴⷵؽ뿪جν࣬׷βȴֱʿԶɽǰȴֳʱıŷѪ
˵ĸʧʱѾһΣĸһҵĲʹ궼ˡ
ȻʧȥǣŷԼǱǵµһغˣ֣֮Ҳû׷ʹṦԾ֦ȴҲ֪Լһʲô塣
׿˺ȴӺǼΨһĶӡ϶õĸ硣
ʹޣʹսƬУҲĸԸλο࣬ԼΪʲôôһﶼ֪Ҳ֪ۣۣۡ
ʱǸɵȴ׾Ҫ𣿹ŴɵĶࡣ
ʶ̽ȴи˳ȥȥȻȥʲô˼˭֪
лȼȻȥˣһԱѰϵӣһͷԣѽûˡ
ǰŮľżһ㣬ֱֱضᣬ·Ѿʧȥȫꡣ
лȼϵӣֹסŮսı֣ʣأô䲻䣿
ŮϷ·ˢĺɫˮմȾϡϣлȼҲһֻһδŮӽԼҪȥˡȻŮӰϣԼ˫ӣһȥ
ʱѾˣŮͻ¡
վˣŮԼϽ⿪ȻҲʲôʵ̫࣬ޱ߼ʵɭУûȥѰҳ·
۳ſסԼŮͷŮӻû˵ҲûжֻȻпʯϡ⻹лȼ磬ҵġ
ʱڴ˴Ȼɣǳӣǵס١ϾǱȴֺѾٵѵõİ
лȼûעԼѾЩգֻ۵ģŬЩοŮ
ȻƴȫҪϧŵĻᡣ֣߳Щ·취úûȥ
ȻүҰ˵þ֪𣿡
ǰ鲻ܶ£͵ξһȫǣźһµĿʼ
ԽүƽԽҪȥһжȥ
ӽģҲԼĴʼ˵˵
ͣҾʹߡ
Ҫ£һ㳤ġдӣԺ󲻻˸۸㡣
簲עĸ첲ԽԽͣͷҲһ˹ȥ첲˷ȣŵϡ֪̫ỹ̫󣬾Ȼо̫
ǼѾʪ͸ˣĻڽ߬ţ֪ԼжС
Ѫˮ䦳ӦǸոʱŪȥ˺ۣʱˮҲ֪˿ڻܲܺáﵽˮ
ʵոпĸоܺá룬Ѿһˣôܺ˻пǼӴקһʯѹסһԼţһߵĴʯγһǵĿռ䡣ǿڱγһССĿռ䣬ʱһ㰲ȡ
ɱˣ롣
ޱ߼ʵˮֱϣȴú䡣ͨСŮôãԼһʢʵ籾ػԼɱǶһҲɱԼ
ĺ׹䣬ˮִۿ˳
·𲻻ͣһ㣬һҹɭ񶼳ϴɾ
ʱͣŵɭֺҲָһ֪˼䱯Ƿ׷׳ߴߴ
ֻĶǻֲֿѪζֻҪŹһΣսοѪζԴɭôҿء
һҲûжҹ۵ơֱˮҲƵ׹䣬Žʪ͸ӵʯͷϡӵĶͷˡ
ҪȥҽɣҪô߳ɭ֣ʵҲã
ܽʱֻΪ˵ʱҲΪԼˣûҪ·
ȥҵԵĺˮʲôʶĶ©鷳
ðɵӽ˶סԼߡͻȻѹŵǻţһŮģ
ڼлȼĶһСŮתķɿӴʱһͰοЦЦΪ
룬ŮչҲãҪе㶫ע
ͺˡһжԳΪȥġ
ţֻ˯˹ȥ
統ʱѡܸߣȥѾ໨οҪŰӻƣ֮ûõϢȴǷ紵һҹܺùŹ֡
ãôϹߣȻҲҵһ̲СӯӯģӰɼԵ㶫ˡ
˷ڰߣˮ׽㡣Щֵغܣֻȡ̽εǳˮʱ̽ɿӳȥС
ٴΰʱѾ͡
Ψһĵ£Цţعͷϲõؿϵˡ
ϵɰ˯ţɫȴӲ԰ˡһ˲䣬ֻŴͷ˲᲻˰ɡץ㣬ɿسӹȥ˰ߣһӦ̽̽ϢϢڡҡ˫֣˵˴Ӽ֮ĵһ仰ѣ
Լһȥ
˸ողҪΪ
лȼȴûûڲصֻ΢𶯡һֱͼԴźŻָȷлȼİȫ״õĽ۲Ⱦߵֻࣺ֪˻ţ֪
ɻؿһлȼߵŮӣ룺ǱũŮˣ
лȼҲʲôŴУŲ¶ͱ¶ɣֱӽ˻±Ůˣû׼ҲΪԼײء
ŵԽԽﲻϧвû˽ѧҽҲ֪ǰ˾ˡ
Ȼգ˸۾ĹǸ˾Ͳˡʧս֣ȴҲֻʣԼ
ںӱߣϵӣңҲʧ޺ˡ
ֻԼϵ㻹ܼ֤֮ǰ鲢ȫǻþ
˭Լͬת˻ȥҲû㣬ֻȻʧ

2

ԴĳлȼԽͱˣطһ㡣
лȼشһ·ȥһ˹仨԰·ԭǻڲǲ͵͵̸ǺлȼȻһˡǸĶ²ŵԻ·жٸط˲һ
д̲סˣʣл磬ǳȥ֮𣿡
лȼǳɻʳָ˰Ķͷʣɵ
ѵƽһͬطԼɵǲɵ
ͬ½⣬½Ҳͬһ£ҪҲÿϳɣ
Ϊʲô
½첲üظ̾Ӳˡ
˵壿ҲšҡͷлȼʲôˣŹ·ܵĵ꣬ܵŶ壬оܲʵʡ
˭֪أѧĵǡ½첲һ߻ش
ŮǶԳݵ޵Σ˵ʵֻڰŮҲǳͬظͣ˵Ķԣܿϧ½ͬѧԴӰԼݵ˸ԼѺ󣬾ͻ˳ݶȻǲܻˣͬ˾лȼͬѧһС
ºٺ½ۣǰ
ֱһ죬лȼŻȻʼдռǣռǵĺȣд˲ʱˡ
ռǣ˼ʡ
ܡлȼЦʮֵ⡣ⱾռǱлȼںЩصһ𣬺ϳͬѧɻȫ
֮лȼΪоʵ쵼ߣȴȥԼ֡ϲ˵ԽԽ࣬Ҳȴ󡣷ֻҪȷлȼĺֵܣЩ˽Ӱʲôء
תлȼҺȴռǱãȻһܲ棬Ŵ򿪵ԣԼĹ
˯ǰժ±ӣóһ֧ʣûժ±ñֻ˳ŷϵͼʶġһȦ˶ƣذ׵ţƤ߹һɴУЦ绨Ůӡ
ͼǵΪ˺֤Լȷʵй͸¶Լ߸塣ϷɫܵӭٷϷųʦĹͼʱ־һƬͬʱҪҵ㶫лȼ
ǸŮϷеıΪϵһֻСÿʱҲƤشСʱﲻЩ飬ɫ磬ƽ˾ĺȴҲСӰУжɡͺͷʦУʵ㲻ʲôֻСʵڿɰʱʱƤ΢Цļ廭չһġȻҲɾ˲СһЩͺͷʦҲΪϲֵܱߡ
ͺͷʦڷʦĶԡ¼еƶͳһעΪͺͷʦԼ塣
ɰĺҲ˳Ϊлȼ֪ΨһƷ֪Ƿڻ׬ǮҲ֪ǷĳʱֻҪϵıӷִĽɫӦñᶮ˰ɡ
οڷд˲ȴ֣顣
ҳд߸֣
硱ͬޡޡ
ǵöʱȫ飬̸ϻִĵ졣ʱСֽԼҪ¼кйص顣ʱѾ˴ǸС߸Ϊ棬˷ƤҳҪдݡһȴش̼磬ޣڡ
Ƿټ֮ʱټǺʱһҲ֪
ֻϣԼʹ֮գҲˡ
οҲܲס˼￴ԼռǱҲᶮԼ⡣
Խҳлȼüڣϸϸؼ¼ԼһʱһУԼǸŮӾ£ӴһģԼӡŵδ֮ȴһԼĽ֮󣬲֪ǶݻõķֱдʮҳҪԼʱôϲǶô档
СϷǡޡȡ˵ʱޡ˼ʾһ֣֪ǷĴڣҲпĲڡ
֪޵ĸ˭ṩģĺԼһֱͻԾڳߣĬĬΪ˺ܶ£ȴƺΪޡԼϲԶһ˭Ҳ˭һĪĴ˵
СȻãǣȴĹ¶֮Сʱˮб˵ؿ򺣱ĴᣬǼʹںˣĺͯҲ޷ע⵽
ڼ¼Լļ֮лȼĿʼдռǡ
ڵһƪռд磬BеҶˣʲôʱһ̤·أʵ·ʱߣĺ㡣
鵽Ũ޴űʡ˺ܶ黰ȴдñŤŤ
ʵǣʹҿ㣬Ҳߡʹ㲻ڣҲװڡֻдΨһĻǾԼĺӵһ׹麣㲻ɻͷ
ϾʱҲֻһ簡ⲻҲһԼҪԼ
Ҳ粻ԭ
һԼԼչʾģǿЦô򵥡ΪϤݴԽԼһʱյĴڣҲܸŸûвκδԽΨһ࣬Ǵϵࡪûκ˸硣
ΪԼŮѺҲദʱ䣬ʧԺ
ʧԺܹ֤ڵĶԵɺĨȥӡǡ
һԼģǱӡûκΪԼʵڣԼǷĴأǸеСߣȴֻԼһˡ
лȼѡͬһͻٺһˡҲԸ߽磬ͬǸСԶ¶һˡѡΪԼ֪жô࣬һҪ
۵ĽУлȼȴ뵽һ·
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