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001

Ԫʮ궬ʮ塣
ҹ콵ѩʳһƬããХؼһƬѩ衣
ԶԶɽûΡӰѩѴǶĽˮԶһƬҹĽ쳹ҹա˻ͣˣįĴѩ裬ĬĬһһ㣬⻪ҫֿޱȵĶʳǡ
׷ĴѩһҹͣЪˣ٣ϽݶϿʼð˴̣ҸǴźصĴزǰĻѩϵĵ̰ῪŰ壬óһϴĲˮڻ˻ѩ¶ڵĵ档ѸغХŴ㽦һطĲѩ
һСС·ߵ£ϸźѩСС嶯˶ô˸£ѩص䣬һ˫ã۾һƾɵĵ°壬ֱ۸ϵѩųվ
ûע⣬û˹ģҲûһСؤǶ˻ӲְһѩССסˣ˷·һôã𾪵ճĬĬӣҪŲŵݵĲ̶ǱߡǳģʹϮɵҧ촽
Ѹꤵĳڻѩ·һٶСؤת壬ֵ۾ȴһӱײڳס
ƥһ˻ͣ
ô£һͳº͵ӳﴫ
ײһСؤϳһ̴磬æ³Сŵ·ߡ
ӳһźõӣ߹̽̽СؤıϢִ̽һ˵û£š
ĬĬؿڵϵСؤ۾һ˿ӡŵСС壬ǹˣ첲ϸͣģһ˫۾ţüͷ
˺þã˵ϰɡ
ǡϳСĵؽСؤӵϱƿصӣںʵůĵ̺ϡСؤǺѽ
ݣһȣһǰԽԽ죬Զȥˡװ׵ѩֻǳǳĳޣʲôûз
ѩĨ˰ϵĺǽһŻȥԷˣ̰˻̯ſɤӿʼߺȣеĲ˷ӰûȥļСװӻؼˡ
ûע⵽ǸСؤˣû˹˭ˣҲû֪ʳµڸոշı仯ͼˣ˵ײ貶ĿĻ𻨣ǰƫԭȵĹ֪ںη㣬಻֪Ǹǻ
ʦ壬ˡһڶߺ
ۣɫƴʶܹɫĲãôĹװӾһΪʲôĵӾ磿
׶۶۵ۣ˳֮¾Ͳǵˣ۾̧۴ܣԽԽľѵԽˣ
ĪʱһŷŴͻȻڵǰһ˫۾һĵضЦһҲ߹վڴߣһ˫۾ʵʲô
ʱ¡һХǧĻ淭תҡҷǰƮˣֻʣĬĬĳšͷ˵Ҷ⡣
ˣĸڣ
һĬ
Ҷڿȥĸףгڱʹ޷԰εĸףոմѧҵΣͷָ׵Ĺ˾Ȼѧǽڹרҵȴûжʵʾ飬һ½ôй˾ڲкܶԼǶˣһ㶼
Ϊ˲øһִĹ˾ҶԼѼϼܣƴһ࣬ڽƮҡĹ˾´졣Ȼʱȴ˳ԽطҲ֪ܻܲȥ
ûиףҲû裬ֻһˡ
ҧס촽ҶⴹǶˡ
۵׵ĲͻȻüͷ΢ĬĬر۾
һСݵӣɨĶüϸܵޱȣȴһ˿顣
ûʲôתȥˣʱԸ˫úչ
۾һƬڰԭڰҲܸ˰ȫУڵ˾¹ǴĿİʹģֻܱ۾һжڣû뿪ˮӿĸоҶĬĬر۾ˮ
õ𣿶ҪҪԵ㶫ոյǸʮССſڴʵ
˺һᣬҶ۾˫һ˿ִżε΢΢ص˵ͷ¶һ˿Цա

002

ɽΡʣڶʳǱʮŻʳǡɽԿɽж꣬Ԫʮ˹ԪˡƱزΣŰָڵھŴ£ͳд֮λɽӵɽʥˮλԽлӻΪµһɱ
ˮɽǰмڳˮ붫ʳת˸Sε˳ԭȵˮ򶫡ӵӵɽһ÷ֿⰺ۵ģ֬Ľߣһѩ÷µڿеƮɢ綼
Ҷ۾ѭŵ㿴˴ǰϲһѩŭŵ÷ɫƿ˼СɵĻꡣ֨ѽһſˣ˫һ·˽
˰ܺأ·ϴ軻ϰɣЦеذ·ڴߣʦ˵ԹȥϴɣˮҺˣںߡ
Ҷͷлл㡣
˫ɵɵͷٺһЦл!ȳȥˡ˵߳š
Ҷоϵ̧ۣ첲˿ǹκۣеĽ˺ɫ裬Ҳ̶á
·Ų˺棬ðڵĴ裬һ׸ߡҶСӺߣӺòȥůȵˮ˲佫ʹŴ˻ỺЩˣزϴšϴȥۣѩ׾ӨƤƣֻϳªİ̺ۿ˴Ŀġһ÷εɰɫ̥ǣϸ
ϴһ󹤳̣Ȼ·мļаɫĶۣûʲôװΣ̤ʵůͷҵԺ˸٣ߴߴƿ˳
Ժ÷ãõȾ˵ɫĽߡ˫߽ԺӣҶʱһ㶣Ʈ˵ĺΡ֧˵Ҷ⣬ԡԷɡ
ҶлùӱˣʱȺģҲЩ
ռ˫Ҷȥݼʦ壬һ·߶ʦŶôӢ䣬ʦǶôɷǷȻǶĳǼΪƳ硣
·ߵľɫɫݶɫӣұߵĺؽűűһѩתתȥһţ۽ʱڰɽһС㳡ųҶ̽ԣʮʥʵġ
һͿŵ˸ߴ񣬹ƾǼ˫˵šԱǸӣһĵºͣƾʦˡҶǰ񣺡лλ˾֮СŮʤм
λһۣȻ̬ŵ壬һһϦģǰĳӦòˡ
ҶԼȻδʶһ㣬йʵʵվŴ𻰡
΢΢һЦЩĥؿͷ˵ȴƵСŮȥҲʮһӣİװ۵ģͦϲ
ʦ嵭ؿһۣʵ㻹ˣȥ
ҶŴĬĬҡҡͷ
ΪͽΣ
Ҷһ㶣˫Աȱʱ۾һϸϲɫԱȴǸоЩͻȻ΢ȵʦ㲻ǴӲͽοǸСŹ治ϡ
վֵҲģο⺢޴ȥʦֱӻ
˼һǸ˵ˣܿЦŵ˵ͷ
Ҷ⿴º͵ӣǿЦҲǻˣ˼Σҧһͷʦϣͽһݡ
Ȼ߹𡣴һȻ󵭵һЦáŻ£˫ȥɡ
Ʈظż˫ص֮ǰӣԱߵڶô˷һ߶šҶĬĬ£ҵģ
ףҶ㲻ôѽ˫Ҷüͷеʵ
ҶһҶϸһ㼦Ƥ
ҶʦΪͽѽɽкܶӶʦΪʦأʦǰӲͽģӦø˲ѽûµģ㲻ú£ʦƢˣһ㶼ףԴºˡһҷ˴СĴʦİĻƿʦأʦ˺ܺõģ㲻õ㲻ðԽʮʦˣҵʮʦãҶҶôˣ
Ҷ⿴ˮ˿ĵĴ۾ˡ
ʱ֣ˣ˫ѾˡոµʦҶ⻹ǾЩڡСؽһʦȻԹվһԡ
ٵϳɣҲǸʮСӣû˼䡣װ򶨣ʵĵҲǺµġ
ӵ˵ͷһȦڵİ裬ڵǰԺ˶࣬ɽϵӶеģסﲻ㡣ʰһ¶߰ɡ
ҶܿһȦҲûʲôʰģֻС㶵ؿ͡ǰĮº͵ȻѾʦ˸о׽飬û˵ʲô˳ȥҶĬĬںߡ
۹˰ٰʮ䣬һԺ䣬дšԷԺӱǰЩԵ徲࣬һСƬ֣бСϪŴӶǽѵʯ̾͵ĵ棬ĻƵƴÿĻͼµӣдš׺;ӡԼдġʹҶ˺һŷӣһ䣬ƿſµİ衣
סɣͻˮ֮ں棬ԼɡƽʱûѾߺۣԼչ˺Լ
Ҷͷ֪ˣллʦ
͵⼸գ˰ɣϰ͹ι˵вɽѵŵӶҪȳʮ顣
ǡ
Ŀ뿪Ҷһʣˡߵ£ɫɴʣ΢΢Цˡ

003

ˣҶŸոճı飬ɽɵѵʵ̫ˡҪ֪ʦŵѵôһʮ飬ʦϲϣҪúÿǿǡ
Ҷһдһʱͽˡд֣㲻϶ãҲȻʲôͷַСؤ
һ͵Ȳд˰ɣȥ䳡
Ҷʱߡ
һ·߹հ˹գ䳡ֻкܶµģشȭѹȣҶⲻɵþ뵽¡ʹضߣһڽ̺ܶСӴȭסιʦ塣
Ҷ⣬ʦ֣Ժ͸ѧ䡣ͷǰһƣȥɡ
Ҷʱֻͷһ£Ը̣Сˡ
˫ҲڣЦеضգ۾ĵҲһ˷ܣСʦãۺشšվſһתˡ
ʦּ߹СʦҶǰɣ˫˵ˣϵ˿ɺˣǰûУ
Ҷ⣺ЩƤˣѾˣǰû䡣
Ǻãѧɡ˵žʹҶ⵽˫Աߣȭյ࣬ȷֿƣְ׵ơԣͦأոһ˵һʾȼְʱɣҶͰ
ҶЦеص˵ͷɱд˼ˣܿЩСǴȭʱĵǶվԱ߶Ҷ⿴еϻɵɵЦ
ʲôȭʦֺһСǶʱתͷȥģشȭ
øˡ
˫Ŵʦֲע⣬ĵظҶ˵ҶѵûҶɥҡҡͷ
ûϵɽʱҲ˺üأҪҪҰ㳭飿
Ҷҡͷдҵϣʦһ۾ܿˡ
˫һ߳ԳԵЦЦдѿҶŤͷȥСëһʶŤͷĴ䳡Ƕֱɽڣǰ۵ɽʧǰѩԶȥܿˮĬĬغبɽ£ããģϸֱ治
䳡ϵ˻ǶడʮСС꣬ҲСģ˾ꡣͷĿȥ곤һЩƴʦ־곤ˣһСʦʾƣһ̧̧ǸСӵĸ첲˵ٵòߣСʦǿȥĻľ顣еĵǴһɫĶ۴磬ž൱Уһ
ҶżվһᣬȻʲôʼ˫ΪʲôҲڶѽǰҲûѧ𣿡
˫Сʱһ죬֧˰˵͵͵ʦĲ㣬վءԽԽСӺߺƵġҶ̲סЦˡ
˰ʱˣЪϢûʮҪʼҶһ΢΢е㷢ĲӣһǲǻдֱȽϿһ㡣ţţε̫ɽʦֺ¿ΣʱһƬ
Ҷ⻹̫ʶ·˫ȥġ·˺üţ㿴Էˣ˫Цеص˵Ҷˡ˴ſʦվ£һкԷ
Ҷæ˹ȥһݾͿһķˣһ󹾹ؽС;ûһ˿˷ŵʵ𣿡Ҷͷҡͷ˵á
̵ô
̵ͦõĺãҲãƢġҶһ˵ţһߴڳԷӹĹĵģͦɰ
ʵʲôȴÿӵԴһƫſڸ첲˯ˡͺЦҡҡͷСӻҶķ䡣ڴϣ룬ͳһСɽ׵ϵ½ϡȻӸСĵҴñǣȥˡ
ҹʱѾȫˡҶӴûеơƿ˳浹ͦõģȻǰ£ȴҲࡣ
̧ͷǶȻˮӿͻĴ˺ѳܣ׵Цգĸİ˱䡣ǺȻʲôûˣûаְˣҲûˡ֪軹òãԼҲˣ֪˴ܲܳܵȥʱĸ׿޵ûϢĲɵһ󳶵÷ۡҶĬĬţҺ㡣
Ȼһůһа̧ʵۿͣɫƽȻ۾ȴһ˿ϧҶִٲһһʦ
͵ͷ޾Ϳްɡ
ҲΪСˣҲűƵģҶҲ̲סˣ̧ʹ޳
û˵վԱߣһֱȻ޹ˣ̧ͷϵǡ
ǹãҶһֱǵá

004

һһ컮ÿϰ֣дѵȥ䳡ȳȭۿʮѵڼҶⲻɵáȻҪˣһСʦǶԽԽ˷ܡΪмأôܲģҶⶼΡ
ҪˣǼӦûɡĴĸҪһ˹ˣɵһѹۡҶ̧ͷεգһȻ
֪ԼΪʲôᴩԽطҲ֪ԼܻܲȥûɱԺһ»صԭΪһˣֱܵĿ־壬Ժü𵶣ȴ²ȥ֡
ΪŴԽʱգ󣬳ӷ𣬷ըԭܿʬ嶼ûˡ
һҡҡͷȥЩˣһһɡ
̧պīͷѵһֱ̫бȫˡ
ͲڣҶʦ⼸ƺͦæ˵ɽȥǰɽһ춼
£Ҷ˸ǰţͻ
ãɹůůģ׺ŵǿСɵƣǷĻΧһ̵֣֡ĺۼ£ϵʦıʼ
ʱȥˣͻûлҶⲻɾһǡʦôæֱʲô·ˣһ鷳¡
ţµһˣԷﶼ˺ĵһƬϲġÿ˶һ·Сǽ겻ɫˣǳǳɫӡҶҲһ
Ϧҹ꣬ҶʦһڴԵҹһĻʦûؼҵľŸʦֵܡ
ϯܷʢкܶƽʱԲļȣСǶܿġҶҲǿĵģֻǿķˣȴԲ¶١Ϳûж˵ʲô
Ǿꡣ
պ˫ҶܵǰС㳡Ͽ̻վɽǰܿʳһƬĵƻãƯ̻ʱšȻֻʽ̻ͨҶ⻹ǿ۾ˣɵ˼ǸңԶ磬͸һ̻𣬻кһӡ
˫Ҷ۾ģɵĵʵҶҶôˣ
ҶæĨĨ۾ЦеضԼ˫˵пѽ㿴ˡ
˵껹һ΢Ц
˫ЦеۻˣҲĵЦ
Ҷʱ򿴵ССͨ죬˵ǲ˸Ϣˡ
ҹˣѩҶʦ˶Էʦͻ˾ϸǺñӾ뿪ˡҶŵϵƣһתϷһƯķ糵߸ɫشһ糵ͺת
Ҷŷ糵һ̲סЦˡλʦİɣСӺˡ
۾۵ײЩᣬǵжûСˡСʱ򣬸Ҳ谮ģʱʱЩСⶺġ
ʦº͵ӣİѩ׷ɵĳϦҹҶһ˵ĸоָоů
ıسţϲصڴѩǵҹ･˯ȥˡ©ϣһж˳УףԸΡ
ѩµԽķϯ˿֦˼ֻѻ˻Žˡڰģƺʾһ籩١
Ҷ糿ϴ˰ȥݳԷʱ򣬿ʦǰһţɫЩ
ʦҶػһ
̧ͷ˿Ҷ⣬ɫ˼֡ҶߵߵĵţĴֵͷϵţɵüͷã̧ͷҶ⣺ʦҪ뿪һˡ
Ҷɴ۾ЩʦҰɣҲ鷳ġ
¹شҶɺ֡΢΢ҡҡͷҺܿͻúö֣Ҫϰ䡣
Ҷһʧ䣬ʲôأʦüҵģ֪Ӧôźá
ù緹;Ҫˡɽ⣬ҶĬĬؿͰҹǽš˫վһԣοţҶѹʦܿͻģұ㣡
ͿҶǿվſڲϻȥСͨ죬ͷ˱һѩûлĬĬؿһᣬȻ˼һԶȥˡ
·ϵѩһ߶ܹһƬѩ
һԶһ˫ʧ۾ȴԺ֮ȥ΢ԥһ£ͻȻ͵һתͷɱȥ
ҶⴹͻȻȥһ̧ͷͿһʪȵİϿ΢΢һֻ֡
Ϳ۾ȻųϲĹʣ΢
ᣬѩƮƮҶܿġ
ʦȥĶ
ʹ

005

һһȵĴƽڡ
ĽȼյĻܽѬº͡еĻɫ̺ܽɫĵߣɫȹŮƮƮ鱼ŵĹĵ·裬ȶˡ
Ĵ绹ʥʵʱϰסʥʵеĳ£ʮʮ·ʳǣƷ誳.󼾳ԪԪꡣǶһ³һеڱʱǬƽͣɴʵ۶µĳһٹټҾ죬ʵ۶ٹٵļν
Ԫ۸ڵ֮ϣʮͣͷ΢м˿ףγأ˫Ϭܰʺϯ󼾹ۺٳΪ˳Ƶһ̸뵱ӳʱû¾زˣʺʹಡһࡣԪÿ³̷齱ߣϾκһλӣֱʺ󲡺áʺ󲡺úԪ۸̫ԸֻҪʺ»ӣΪ̫ӡǺһ̫֮λ
ڴλ̫ϯλ֮λӣҲүϯٹɼҾ졣
䣬²һսݣɽݳʮ㣬书ûӢ۳갡зΪҴ󼾳һԱͽ޾ǸһԪ۽Ϊǰľңңһ١
򱱴󽫾͢丸ؾæŮŵֻƱͷ£л¡ұŵ֮ޣ͢һƷھһůͣŵĸжٳϲá
Աعһ޻Ӣ䣬£Ϊˡһҷ׷״񣬳ʱ
ʱϷصĻĵһǣһ˫ĵĴ۾ڴȺŮһװ̬񻡣
ŮСæ˳̽ͷ̽Ե˵ӣˣū澻ȥɣСûϿˡ
˰֣ʲôһûأ
СһЦϱȻ˸ߵĶٽ˰ɣżûأҪ֪˼֪ҪءʱСһ죬תŤС첲ӣúýѵ㣡
ţȴ뾪˻ϣԪתͷ˳һЦͷȹ˹ȥڻʵߣʣĸ󡣡
ֺʲôʵۿȴºЦ⣬ȥĸɡæԹԵܰʺߣʺͷֵֺ֡
µʱһƬ۷׷ס֪Ԫ۵ͷ⣬󼾻ʵʮһӣȴֻôһŮϻòܰʺճ˳谮Ƿҫ̫ӶһƬĽ壬ڳޡ΢۲ʱһŵٽӢͦεӰŮϸ˵ĺΡ
ֺţͻȻһһǰ̫༱߽µϣʦسּ

һݣſڡûһᣬ߽һºɫ۵ӣ滹һʮһģСŮϹźĴãԲĿοɰŮӹ˵ȥ
ͳǰ˼վϵ̨ǰ΢һ꣡٣ˡҶĬĬվʦ棬˼ʦǵ׹ģ˻ʵ۶¹򡣻ڲɽϵʱ˫˵ʦǵʦֻйϵǳҲܹ˵ġҶⲻɵþһӣ뵽¹˵Ҳֵڡ
͹ʦˣϯɡʵ۵һЦĿɨͺҶ⣬۾΢΢Ĺ⡣
лϡ˵ҶµҲڶſŵϯλϡתͷһӣֵүˡ
ɫᣬһۣתͷȥ
ҲΪ衣Ҷⲻɵ΢΢ͷĴʲôͷôȴӲʮ߰ͣȴ˵šȴλ磬۸ڶĮ
һȺ¶輧ոһȻ˵赸ȥһˮԪܰرһᣬ΢ЦŶ˵ʦɺã
ػϣ΢ãлϱӡ
ʮղˣʦֻ´ѽڣùʦ͵ģȴְѹʦ˻Ͷ٣ڹʦ֮
͵һЦˣͲҵΪΪı֡
Ԫۼص˵ͷ
ҶҲų˳ģ̻Ի͵ĻͥϲҲһ˿н͵ǺչҲģ˿ÿĵķǰĵҶůůģоҪϰ㱻˵СƵչˡ
ҶоŵĵʲôģȻԱһصЦ˵ʦˣҪע塣
Ц˵лģ˽̵зǻȮӡ
ʦˡ˵ŸźЦʢˡ͢ٽһ类˿ˣ΢΢Щ죬ЦŶ͹ֻ
ֿҶʵʦ֪λǡ
΢΢һЦյĵӡҶ⣬顣
Ҷæվ
Цŵͷɶۡ
ҶװûĿ⣬ͷԶҧ˼ڣԵ㣬ȻоĿⶢҶ̧ۿȥǶϯϵꡣüۣͦı΢ĴǴһ˿Ц⣬Ŀ⾼ؿ
֪˭ȻһֱҶ̲סһۣȴ껺̧֣ʳָǱ˵㣬Ц΢΢¶ݡҶʶֱ̧˲ǣʱаɫ֭ճ겻ٿͷ𴦣ȴɵ΢΢š
ЦɣҶƲ죬ٴȨû
չʱˣԪ۴һӴȥ鷿Ȳ˳̸۹ȥˡʺʹų͢ǻܰ˵ЩŮǵ强ʱҲǳ͢ǸʺĺʱҲΪԼҵүүǵĹ˴̽·ĺʱܲûʺ￪ģһˣԼүһҹҲǲܣǰǸҵŮ˶Լ׼ĸɫƷȥʲô˱˿ǧ˿塢ˮյױϻ֮ġ
ҶŸ᷿ȲԵģһߵʦᡱڴ϶ԱˣҲûʲô˼Զˡһ;͸֪ʦʱܻ
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ιʲôǹʦСѾ𣿡
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Сȫӡ
ūڡ̨±ߵС̫һеæ
Źʦˣ˾˵ҴҶȥ԰ˣõġ


006

յ鷿Ǣ࣬ȷʵܺãҲһҡǰЩʮֲãһϴһ鷿սսʲôʱһ仰˵˾ǵմŭ
˷еĲ豭ɤ˵ǰʮ·𱱷սһֱڽУݻ˾޶ʡȥһĹҲһǧǲּڣũû룬һҪԤļѴڷֺҪǮʵǲԣѽ
ʵ΢̧ǣô
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ڨڨһЦصҡ
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Ӵү֣үǻʵ۵ı֣ǰȥˡʮϮүľλǬԪҪȥТ꣬۸ϣѹ¶ѳɳΪ侲ȵүˡ
ү΢һ񣬹л¡˿˲޺β֮Ǯ֮ʣϲƷˡ
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007

ع
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ͿֳӣЦˡ

008

Ԫʮ궬һ³塣
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ҶĬĬֹطȽϿλҪ񣬸Ӧ̫ӺȻһվʺãԵ롣
Ƽ˶̧Ҷ⣬ҵĵӣԺһϿΡ
ʱӹŤͷ΢Цųգգۣ˿ޱתͷȥ
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ܺá磬Ҷڴǰѧ廨һֺʲôһֻʽһЩȥľô
Ҷֽϻ˼ӣ΢΢ĿܰвñŵĲ˹գųһŴͼķŮáҶʦýûҰӷ֮İ
鿴ЩӼˣһ߶Ҷ廨ϡ
ҶòôҪֿ佱
ʱһһԲĳӳһϵ˿ϸϸŰһһָҶԪ
ҶеƵĲ롢ߡ롢ߣһҶĽԪİҶƣһŪģܲ
ʱˮ϶һػҶ廨ҲԽԽˣƽСȥʦ飬Ͷ廨ӦҲûиմԽʱôˡ
ʱҶһ仨΢ųŵףһԱϸõɫ˿ߣ΢бӲչ๴ճõĻߡ
ббſϿһ˿˿ڵů⡣
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ҵҶʱ򣬿վڽˮϵűߣһյҪϨ˵ƣһʧı飬ãȻؿˡ
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ȻѵƷϣһƣˮ΢΢˸˳ˮƯˡӳ۲ĽˮԶԶȥɫһ㣬ࡣ

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ͿһЦߵкθ߼
ҲƴǣһվҵΪԱ˿˾һʥˣ²ұ߹أǾҪ̬֮óҴ󼾹𣿶СŴҹգɱ޶ҲҪһЦ˵Ǵ󼾹źڣҪ˵ԴǾҪѪѪ
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ҶԽԽ벻ͨŬӵȴһƬģʲôҲ벻̲סɣǸλ᲻ļ䣿ȻСһǱϾҲ֪ԭȥˣǸСӣ
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û֪ΪӦ˵ļҽĽةζʲôСĽڼﱸ裬ǰŮĸܣԶעֵǿСʹֻһĸͬļҽչҽòһʱǱɵӦؿϣȢؼұܳ谮ӴӲźù
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ʱȥҽ㣬ҽЦ˵úþͺˣʲôֵõġЦݺ㡣Ľ֪ҽʵģһ׸ˣδΪԼʱѾƵعȥ˺ܾúܾãҲǵ¶ˡ
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Ӧһһʮȫдն̣ȫʬ
ִ̹١ʦ͡

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ĽŵĶվڸ߸ߵĳǽ߸Զ뵵ˮʪǰķӣҲԵ˼֡
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ĲɺպòӢϾҪˣ˵ӦΪʲôҪأĵ
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һŮӶȽҶһ߾ˡһ߲Цһģ廨˿˶ʱЦֳһš

012

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һһȵĻʼΧԡ
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ڼƺƵĻʼҶʻ˹šǰһֻӿĶ飬ںףׯϡ
ɫǰ棬ԪۺͻʺУ΢ЦŶ·Եİʾ⡣
꣡ʺǧǧǧǧ꣡ɽӦһĺ˷չڵߵĤݻǵĴ󼾳Ӻ͹ĸ
̫ӻһУӢˬٺǹͺǵ۵Ķƴݺݺ࣬ʮɫΪĿͺҶһϣҶ΢ӣ·߹ſͷذգȨѽȨһп
߻ӣһ·ϺƺƵһʱڵΧ
Ҷʱ˿ǧˣЩҲࡣ
ٹѵˣӪʾʥݡѵ˵ĹŮС̫æŴɨʰеĴʴĻ쳣ɫʶɫգ΢΢ķڶԵΧľת̵࣬ѿ۲ѾðͷĿһƬ
ΧΧѾҪơľդϲŻʼҵ죬ӭҡҷ
Ԫ죬ߵǰ档ֱؿ˴󼾹ԪʮʮΧԶԱᡣ
ҶվȶˣԪ˵ˣ޾Ͳ˵ˡԿʼ׼ɣʱ䵽ʱΪֹ˭࣬۹͡ˣɢ˰ɡ
ȺʱȥǣģװģĸǶעⰲȫֺͶӲ֡
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ûѽ̫Ӹ
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Цŵͷʾ⣬ǵ˵ͷһ
ľֻߴߴͲʱļ졣ǶԴԻʤʹͲôԣչ궬죬ƤëˣֻøҶƯĴ멡˵ƤëѪѪҺëɫҫۡһģ˺ܶ࣬ʱƤëһ͹ˮʺ
칭ǰУһ߹۲޻Ӱӡ
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һĺŽǣյĴԽˣȺĻˣۼڿĲݳϡ˾ͽҵĹα򵽵࣬һֻҰţʮֻɳãʮֻҰӡŵڶͶҲһֻҰүսҲһֻ
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Ҷһӣ˵ǴԵĻˣӿȥʿЩŮľͦĵˣҶҲųȥ֡
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ҶԶԶվſ˿緢ʿǣתͷȥ϶ŵıͷϲżɳӡ
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Ҷ˻̧ͷɫ԰׵ؿѪϸ߰Ҷͷ˿ڵϵҰţʱ̧ͷ˿ǣæͳϵѪ˲ŷԭǽϵġ
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ЩȣҶˣʱģʱߣһֻһֻشͷƵĳ޴ֵŮ˲סΪ֮㵹
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013

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ҶӪʺߣΪ泩һţϵ
ĸôˣЦ߹ȥԱߣ˸Ӹϲˮ
ӵգôҶˣ춼֪æЩʲô
Ц˵ǶˣûжȥĸԺһģĸһð͸˲С
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һΣĸϹʲôء
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صһۣϹģҲΪԼѽƵģ˾Ҳָϣ˵ҪȢĽݹãة໹㣿ȴ˼ҹ̫֡
ôô˵ñ˶಻á۸ǵñ˳ţͷİɣжأûµġļ˻Ρ
۵ؿ˿ӣ̾˿ȥ
Сȫæùϣȥ
ĸݵļ򣬼Ҳһۡʵֺγ֪ڵʲôأĸǴӵŮһһ߹ģֻǸССةʺСͻ÷ҲӦҦ塣
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ҹķ΢΢Щ⣬̧ͷԶҹգ˿ɵҶˣĴһ˿Цݸǣڵů⡣
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ѽӦûաûµģ㰾һ뽪ϣڱ˯һܾͺˡЦŴƱ
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ҶЩΣôطʲôΣգֻҰţǸ⡣
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ҶⲻЩڣþûˣһʱΣЩ鷳¡
뿴Ḷ̌Ҷת䣬ǰһïܵСԡСȫ˵ȥ˰ɣҶ˵û£Զˡ
Ťͷһɹ̫һңһһġԭ̫ӼҶ⹪һ񣬡̫ӵ¡
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ƺǻججģĸо˻ƵĿ޺ʲôԽԽԽԽȴһתȥˡ

014



һɱӪŵסƷڵء
۵ӪеĴס㣬ƣĴ˻һڵءϵʿڵϷһȦ˳ƹڴ⣬߹ؼ࣡
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ɳء
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͢ٽü꣬ƣ롣ǰɳϲ̵С죬һɫСΡ嵽ϣãĬĬ̾
ӴӲ˭뵽궬ޱȣȻסˡҡҡͷ
͢۷죬һŭ𣬹ֲõ˽թˣֻܹԼˡ
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չݳСݸտʼðͷûжٵ˵ľ׶ö֮ʮĲݳϴ֮ʹõҲһˡʿЯŸȴûݿɳԣֻһ·ʳŵϸ۵Ĳѿ˳ƬƬĲݳ̣٣ûݿɳԣ󼾹ʲôսɕgһвνݶ
͵Ĵ󼾳ڿֵϲ֮ʱǵĲұҹĻһƬ𺣣˼
سǵ·ݿŨصĻζ⣬ΪҵĻѾյ񷿣Ѿ˯ʿɧ߰˰˴·ͭȥȻ
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һӶӻҼɱ죬ڳڽֵϺֱײ֮ƬײֵˢֿصİգԴɳȥײʯǽԽѡ죬ѪˮĽӳź²ĺӣݵ۾쳣
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ҦɫһƬң麹ұԹǱ߹С򣬴ӲʲôҪ֮ءǧ˰ٻգŲţһֱǼ򵥰ݣȴڽղǡ
ݳǺ޼ʵɳĮӲұɳֻһݳ«ߡ⺷ĺ²󽫺֧ǧ«ģÿʮڳһѲ߰أβӦұȥɳȫϢ
͢ǷӦʱѰȴҲΪʱǧں«˴룬͢ЩһɥಿǧǱӻɳء
ʱ͢ųΪǰսۻɣ²ųʮĲݳնϹͷһ̣ȻմפǧƣɕgȴЯǱڣüͷ壬ĬұΣӡ
ʱ۲ΰԵɕg߸վڲұһĳǽϣӥѵϺ²ղ졣ڴϨðŨڵ̣սۼڳĬĬŲˮʿæɶѵʬ壬⣬ϱɸ߸ߵţ±ɢŶϱ۲֫ѪۣĿġ
һ۵£ɫ׵ʿϳ¥
رɺӵѰȻصݳ䰲ܹˡӵ˵ɰƻ¡
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²ӴɳسزݳԺմǱڣڴ󼾳̲һȦľӴѹɳغˮأұȻʧأˮصʮʮ·ҪԮҲҪʮգοϢȥ
͢Ӧǽͷö˰ɣ߼лܵУѾȫʧȥȻЋղѹ󣬶ϱռ˲ұǺ߲ݳȫסȥ·͢·ѾԮȫǵƿ֮С󼾵ԮҪҲҪʮԺ
ʮʱıܶࡣ
ɕg۾ǳһ˿ΣյЦ⣬ңԶ嫵Ĳݳһ޼ʡ

015

յĿЩƣͲڣ񲿵ϷϵĿΣҶһĲɡ
ʦһֱ鷿£Żȥ糿ϳҲһֱδء
ҶҲ˵Ǳ߹£ӦصģҪȻҲաǲͻ԰ˣԹԵش޹СŮС̫Ǹɻ·ҲϸŵģҴһڣһƬϸţ˲ҶҲɵһ˿ǡ
ϷƺҲûʲôϿΣؽ˽¼ѧˡ
һǻõϰԣȴһ̬Ϸֻ첲һͷſϡ
λҲĬĬûжҶⲻɵüͷż
Ҷⶢ΢΢һЦû˵
ŻӼŲŲӣһ˫޹Ĵ۾̫ӣֿ׿Ϊʲôһߣګګز֪ôá
Ӽ̩Ȼһվͦͦߡ
磡ҲվĿƣ磬Ҹȥ
̩ͷһۣ˵ͷ
ȥʱͷҶһۣȻ첽ȥ
Ҷ룬ҲסˣվɱȥתȣԺǽ˹ţڿǰǸˡ
ߵ£ҶվסŲһ
һת̩ͷһۣˡ
Ҷܹˤֿ첽߻ȥ
Ҷ̧ͷǣȥģ
Ҫȥ߹ء
Ҷûٶ˵ʲô⡣룬ֵౣء
Цòãְ̧ļҵķ˿Ҵ󣺡ģһ
鷿
ԪϣһһطŲˮǡ
²ɰλ»ᣬûдսľ飬ǲزð̲ƽùֵ
үüֹ
ɡԪƳ۵Ϲŵӣӹһ˿׾Ц⡣ʵﻹοģĶûʧ
븸ɶ̧̩ͦأ
Ըʹһϣ̧ͷŻʵۡ
ͳ˰Σ²³çӳ顣ҲʧأϢգԷɳҲֹۡɳ̽ϢҲҪղŻصս޿ɱܣʱٱݣʱ
Ԫ۵˵ͷ۱ͳ졣
ͳ쾴˸ٱȥˡ
͢ͷ΢΢ðһΡ
ٽǴ˰Ʊô⵵£ҪɳҲ˲֪νֳ
Һһֱͣ侮ʯ޺޵صһۣһŭ
ڲ׷εʱ򣬻Բ߰ɣ֣Ͻ߹صϤĽ
֣ϽʹˣǽԪ˧׵㡣顣
鸧źҡҡͷԪ˧غˣز衣
üŻʵҪڣԪ۳˻֣ɣʲôá
̩ʱæżվվһߡ
ͣȥ֣Ͻɣָָ
һݣӦλˣʱһꡣ
лʣ˱ȭΪׯء
ǰ֣ˡһһεģƵġ⻹ڹأ»ߵ£Ҫһˡ
ѽƻ裬عЩġҶǰϰŴ֣ССĵزŽ֦ı̵Ҷӡ
ûдͨĬĬ˽Ҷ̧ͷͨۿȻǿ޹ɵü
¡æһ΢΢Щ졣
飬ҿڿˣȥݺɡҶ
ͨصͷ˳ȥ
һߵĵϣˮӯӯҪµ
Ҷ⿴Ҳɵ÷֪˵ʲôá
Ҷ˵û°ɣĨĨˮһ˫۾ϣؿ
Ҷⲻɵһ˿Цû˵˵ѽ
ҶҺܺ¡ͷˮʺϷ˺ܴĻĸûȰס
Ҷֱ֣ġ
ҹ˾ѾǺʱˡ鷿Ȼǵƻͨ
֣ϽһѵĻ׺ӣĸϡ
£Ͻָָɳ϶ָһݳ«˴ݳȥɳصıؾ֮ﱨŵʿ˵ڲұǵӦǋղɕgڣȻʱǴ˹ڣ«ѱǰסˡ
ɕgڡ
Ԫ΢΢۾Ǹ˴뱲ӵ϶֡ʮ˰ԭ֮Ӯȴչ黹װڴ󼾹Сɕgڣǲռ˵ģԪתϵİָһȦһȦģֻ
΢üͷ«ȥˣǺã͢ǻ᲻Σգ
ɳؼգѹĿǰӦûΣգֻǡϽ˰Ѻӡ
ǰһѺ˵ģʮݣ¶ʮʹġ̩һᣬݲ⣬·ˣӦûܼһ¡
֣Ͻ˲ɫСӣ˱á«ùֻǿұˣұȻǳǷߣɕgڣҪҲҪѵ
Ԫۿɳ϶ǵһСС¥²ɵһ˿ǣлĶӣ֪ԼľǶԻǴ
ҹɫˣһѩҹգžžһɫĻ»̧š
ԼĳŽ𣬾Ӫȴʵʵңںףӣˮ˳ͷƤգһ¡ڼϣᶨȵĲСŵʳΧϽϡ
ӦĬĬż̩Ϻصףҵɫ⣬ɫʶʱмֽɫ
̧ϵߵףӦḧ˸ӵӣ̩סҪ㸸ʶҪ󼾹
̩˵ͷҼסˡֿһӦ̧ߡ
̩Ӧ׷ſڣעⰲȫ
̩΢΢ЦЦӦģת밵ҹϸܵĻС
ΡΡӦһϮȹЩį
עкܶҹߡ
ԶĵĺŽҹδ
ͣסŲһĴŽţ˶٣߳˹š
ԪʮʮҹһսĻӼ̩߻Ӽθν⣬򾫱ڰҹ򱱷ݳѸͦ.

016

ĮϵĲݳһƬ̣ã̤ˡˡ̰֭ҺζϢ
ߵĴƬݳǋղءӵɽ赲סɳĮϮȴ㡣ĲݳҲ׳ģĮмУǧ
ϣ̵ʼƮɢһζˮɫһůůĽɫһƣ׵Ĵ߳һ֣ءС첽뿪һĺŽǴ죬ǵ׳ҡ
ݵĲ˲СŻ׷ȼ䴩ȥŮ˼ӽϵĻ̹ѾòˣҴŽʵ;ȺشӹײװʳҡǰСţƤʵҺãֱһúһͨһ󿩿Ц˹ЦͷŮһۣӪ⼯ϡ
ʮɵؾۼǰĸӪһƬྲʱβͣŲӣ׵ʿӣڴ
մһףѩ׵ϣüľӡ
һɫŮӷɱĿһͣߡĳһ˦۴Цմü
մ̾Ϣû취ǰɤӣԭʿǣ
ڣ졣
մصͷ˰ռǵĲԭѹǵ赲ڻӵĹ⣬ȴܰݣǷ

ƾʲôǰռԭԭǋյأҪȥǵһУɱⶫǵǮƣǵŮˣѶϻȥմ鲢ï
ǵǮƣǵŮˣǵǮƣǵŮˣȺ鼤
ɯüһž˦е¹ǱޣԱߵ֣һ
մ΢΢ΣһѶϻȥ
ĴһͷȻԭղûסص㣬ֲӵɫÿһظߺѶϻȥѶϻȥ
һһƥͷǰƺƵĶ鱼ɳǰ
ɫڵʿڡǰо䣬ÿʿÿֻףԲֻǾĿǰϸˮߡаҲϢҪãһʱ۷ǵզ࣬һƬĻ̡̻
ǵ̽ˣһǰ
͢Σ
ؽ²ϮڳǱʮ֮Ӫʣǋղմȥƣڰϡ
ˣȥϢɡ͢ͷüû˵
ϵˣǱΧˡ͢ԳЦţῡʵϿʲô顣
ˮڣɳѹӮδֻ֪ҪصסܵȵԮۺ룬ĬĬԶݳ
ҹ٣ԭҹ쳣
оƻͨһɽ࣬ǽ
ȥһ·ַسǣɴ⡣··һ·֧ϱţһ·аգ߼ѺΣر֤հȫ͢һᣬֵ¶Ҫ׼ˮע𣬴Сġ
·ͳɵڱסˣǰմǱĻţֵǴһ˭ӮһأǰߺߣֻҪȥл·ţ
͢ļ磺֪ͳ޵УֻǴ¹شǲǲˣֻǷظҪȥܻӮһأɳǴ󼾵Ż䲻ǲðգɳʧ²᳤ֱ룬ڲʱˡ
͹ֱĵͳʱһɥϲ˵ˡ
ֻǲ֪ǺʱܵȵԮ޶֪࣬ҪֵʱҪҪһ£·ͳʮ꣬ȸ
ʱȲҪˡλ̫ģѵϢѾɱǰԮմҲôͼŸϹֻҪغóǳأģܵȵԮοˣǷȥԼı֡
˵̩һûûҹоڵϵұǡʮ֮½Ųǰȥ̽ĳȴǰճǣѻʬȳá
ǰû߼ʱȳ񲻿š̩üӿ޷ɱ
תͷԸһ֧С׺ںϺ͵ϮסڱǴɱ
Ϧ£ĮԭȾһǰһƬ˼Ҿ硣ǳһƬһƬ棬߶֫ͷʬѻбˤӤȹӱ˺ѵĸŮĶʬԵİ׷ԲԵߡõϢŻɫѻʬϣʱͣ䡣
Ѫ죬յ˫ֲס
̩ĬĬ˱ۣ˰ɡ
ܵһȼ죬ڱݵָСժͷǰ
ʬ죬תƵϷ紦ӪϢûһ˿սʿһԶһҧýġ
˻ƵĿ޺Զһ㣡˽ץҪѵж᲻ᵯ飬ѾҲĵˡʮҲξΪ˱Ҳܺ²ɧţǰֻؼҴһ죬ټʱû뵽ȴ
޲ˮͷȥٿ
ҹһƬ谵ûһ˿ǹ⣬ǵ飬ŻҰ
Ӫ＾ڴĥһذףĵѾȴһαһθشĥţĹιĥ
̩һۣذһߣŰɡ
û˵
һʼ;ˣұǣӦֱӹϺ«ֱӲȥֻû뵽ɕgҪұļһɶȴ˦ƨˡΪҪռݲұӶƲݳȴû뵽ԭһʼҪľɳأȾָ
һҹߡ
컹δ췹ԸһɽʿһҪԵñģʰǰ«ǰһӲڵǡ
磬İɣܰ쵽һװذװѥӥۺ÷ǰһãһסеʮҲͬ磬Եȴ
̩üһҪСģһΪ룡
ͷһģҲСġҪӲסͺáɫźŵؾͷźš˵귭кһͷҲصطɱȥʮ
ҹõĶԲߡ«ù˶խضθͷӲӧҪǱڣһҪѸ͢һ񻯣롣ǰǱ룬̩ںסս֣ɕgϾǰˡһϵ֣͢ǰлǱɷɕgڵɳرΧ
һ壬ܷɹؼڼܷ˳Ǳɳء
漾ʮǴѡսʿҳϣͣη󼾵Ļʵۺ۶ǣÿλӶʮɵӣ˻ʹڣۺʱεأʮ˵ǴӼʿѡľеľɻʼҽͷϰ죬ǹܡкܸߵٺ»ˣҪޱҳϣһ˿ѣ³ҡӵÿһʿ롣
ƺҪꡣݳϵĲѿַ߲߰Ĵд䡣ʹɹֻҪڣһҪѿʱҰһһͻᱬ˼Ϣ١
̩ϴѸǰ«ʱ«ҲԴǵ
Ѿ´˵Ķ鱻ֳʮ飬ַҷÿ鶼ڳƷַ󣬻ڻҪƣںɱж٣ȫҡ
ʮʮʮ
ǰٶȲûмԽԽ졣ǰǺ«

017

ǻӣС꣬һһˮݣδδġ
ʹմ磬ҶҲȥˡ
βͬգҲһƬգЩѹ֡ҶһߣĬĬܣ鶼Ϊ΢
ʺûгϯڻʵߵӦһϮ쳤ȹ˼֣ӦǵǶӰɣЩ
ʼҴȻɫḻζ˭ûǸԺܡ߹شϢ˵ǲҲǱˣɕgںմӼблɳأʱɳֻ޷ֻֿسǵķݡ
ˣҹû˯ðɣֿɫÿ˿ھƵЩֻ
ؾɫһתͷû
ǲĶӰɣ˻ǲסֵ͵ͳһЦƱһ
Ϳû˵
֪ģ߹һս͢ʧְ½ջ˷ս½Ժáֻǻʵ۱ػҪ˼ϵ棬ô˵Ҳǳ͢سɱãְȴҲѲ˵ģ˷͢;ˡ
ةĽƳ֣ˣ֮ϣδ˵㡣
ֵ˲һһף鹩˹ָ
ؾû˵
£¹Ȼüıϼ㣬д󽫷ɡ̲ƽ΢΢ЦŹά
Ӧ̧ͷƳһۣǾζ
ƽǿ򶨣װû΢°һۺɫۣ֪ô˵ˡ
ԱͷװûûҲû˸ҸŴִ⻰˵ú⣬ǳǶıʵ˵֮飬Ȼ߻ǰȥأΣյһʧô죿
֣Ͻֵ²̫ģλµĹҽ̵ģ䣬ߵṦݣ˷ߵȥʤ㻹ǱȽϴģѵľһʮ
֣ϽˡԪ΢΢˵ͷתƽãϷʵ޵ĶԼְп˻Ƕ࿴ԼҺԺɡ
ʱһƬЦջࡣɫͨ죬ȴǸŭԣֻεЦЦȴ˵ʮˣ̰ɫСȢһһֵԴ׼ɹģϹҲǳе¡
Ҷ˲ֻ֣ǸղȥأЩȡ̧ͷɻؿ͡ʣôˣ
ʦߵȥˣ
͵ͷ
ҶⲻģҲʮ꣬ôսŴսô̵Щ󣬵ͷ˼ţҲûע˵ʲô
ͶϵľƱǳǳմһڣĿ˼
϶˵ӦĬĬעµˣ׷ӵӿͷ˱ۣȫȥˡȥվȥˣûʲôɺڵģеһжеźֲкܶ˻ԭ·޿ء
Ҷ£Ȼ俴ӦƳĿ⣬һۡӦ΢΢Цһ£ҶҲЦһӦЩɻ󣬲֪Ӧǿʲô
תͷĬϯǰȾƣŲʵġҶĴһᣬͦӡƺоĿ⣬תͷҶæܿߡ
ϯδʵˣӦȻȥϢɣŲСĵظں档꼸ʮˣɣԻʵ۾Ǵ󱦾һֱߣ鳼£սϣɣҲսӲʣ˷ǣ²ˡ
޶ԪķԼϵ֣ҲȥϢɣ޻ЩҪ
Ӧ΢΢һ£ĬĬ֣ظһ񣺡ǣϡ
ǸŽ۵Ӱתȣ˵ãŹˡ
ššûܽȥ
ûмʣǸɵʺʲôãƯŶա

δȻȻԸϡ
ϸĽɳҫĹǽһƬůɫǷı󱳺ȴǱѻ
ӦһϮɴȹվΡΡ⣬¡һ
ˣҲɴȹɴţչһļį
Ԫ۶ܰʺ飬޲Ʒ̾ΪϲһŮˣͶԱŮ˱飬Ƿ̫᣿Ȣ˺ܶŮˣֻһŮˣǱŮأΪ޸ˣįһС
ܰʺСŮæ
ԪЦ齱£Żʺ֣ô𣬺õû
Ѿûˣ̫ҽֻ˷ѡôôͻˣϯˣܰʺЦţѻʵ۲ӵ۸ƽ
ţûʲô£ĺúϢԪۿο
ܰʺʲôæʵϣսôˣ̩Ϣ𣿡
õǣСӶǺģ޵ĶӡԪƺĺãЦ
յܺʱ򣬿ұǱʱһŭϸϸ̩ۣУȴǳ֮Ч
ӣԪ۳˼
̩ܽûаյǲģѵˣܰ׵ñ۸ϯƽõĻû֪Ī̩ģȴǸȵˣֵġ
ڸչʱʮһ׿ܣСİʮһŪĺһʮգ̩ÿնȥ̽ȴվڴǰĬĬһˡЩ£ɣһһ֪ˣ̩Ϊ׿˵ĸ׵лŷŭģЩĶֻû뵽ʦǸСŮ¸ңкҲضá
Ԫ˵ǲܵģϾԼϲĶӣôܽѣСӵ󣬷ʲôˣǿ¡
ɣԸ䣬Ϲȥҹʮغ˷۳ʳǣ⡣

ͲˮŮȥ¾ĵģݳ޻ĴԵÿյġ
ǶŲյһֲŲ豭ӣȴڳ
үտʵĺǰһ
ûлشĬĬ˵һߡã˵ϱߵ߲ˣվհɡ
ǣһҪ¡
ȵȡ΢üһֻӻ֣ȥɡ
һ꣬ҹɫȴ¹ҹ쳣΢紵ɢ˻㣬Բ¹գĹâһƬ
⵽ԺһţȻоЩƣĬĬ۾ܾǰڵʱ滨塣ĸһԣЦſǣһųλƵӡ
ȥĸʹѣûҲȥˣһˡ
̧ͷŰԲԲӰЩ塣

018

ңԶĲݳϣսޣǻŭĺɱ˻ߣֱ
ϸ۵ĲѿѾ̤࣬¶ƬĵƤѪȾ˴ƬĻɳһƥ鴤ᵹڵϣͷϾϲ֧۾ѾʧȥʣǻǻɺѪ
ϵʿҲضĬĬսѵʬ壬̧սһߡ
Ѿٶʬ塣
ʱ䣬ʮγսѾǺٵʧˡ
ǡ
Ұ׵ĹʬѪ߰ߣ΢гţһ
̩վӪ⣬ݵʬ壬üһš
˵Ҫȫҡôˣ
ܲˣ˵Ļսһǳǧûܻȡʤ
ǵվǰʻڽ£ȴ޷侲
ǵһδ̣һ浶ǹսȴҲǵһμѪܵʵ
Զĺɱ̶ֱĤ̩Ѫ۾һѳ彣սȥ
󾪣æƥ׷ȥ
֪Ѿ˶ã̩ľˣֻһαһ׺ݣһαһѸ١ĳһƬѪ죬Ĺ⡣
²֪Ĵ󽫣ͣӦǲˡǰնϳȴֻɤţûº˻ȥǵ⺷ĺ²һЦֻԭġֻû뵽ҲͻȻǣҧ͡
սϵʿҲһ˷ܣţɱʹ졣ǰǧָŲ˶ΣҪעڻûɱձڿ󽫾Ҳɱʲôˣ˲ƾ׳ǻŭͱŭ˹ȥ⽣Ӱݡ
̩Ϸɱгӵ쳣һĿ׺ĺ²ųì˹һɨ˲жϺѪ۲ŵԲţˤȥ̩ޱ飬Ŀ쳣䣬΢һİؽбȥѾоʬ塣
̩ס㣬߾ٳջ˸ȦȻתͷӪءǧæסΣձ
Ǳĺ²һ亹ʣĲбܼײֻӻغ«Χ
дﻢƤһοΰˣһӣ΢üͷӳ档
ͷն˺ܷǲӦ÷һ£ӳڵϣһ羴ǵ󽫾
ˣʵҲԽԽϢˣȻëͷСǶԿҲ治ʲô渧˸ӣЦΪںסܾȵ͢Цǻ֪ɳǰʮѹ
ҲЦ޵ڹȻӢ˷Ǿڴˣ͵ӵµĺϢˡ
С˭˵ͣͲһڣʵ
ͷȷʵݲӦ˧֮һʵ˵ãսһɱһٶˣʵʵСĻսﶫһ̬⺷ҲһķⶫҪҲǳصġ
治мЦԪͷ̵öҲǸҷϣܻ˵㡣
ΪһٷǾŵˣȻҪǾ棬ſȥӿޱӰɡ
оﴫһˬʵЦҹ＾üñѹѹųìӪդȥءѲߡ
ͷʱʮǱսԵĺϴŴ˵ĺ²ϰµ·ͷɢ˺ѳһţճϺӣĨ˻ңһ˭벻ǻǴ󼾹ʿ
һʱ䣬ʮһ˸һʱһҵսȺУûΡۼŻƻˣ̫ɽձڼԴ첲ϹһȦ˵Ѫȥͷģ²޶¡
Ӫϱ߼ʮڴȼٲĻͷȻסڱŤϲӣһ˿δ΢ݵʿѵصʬϵѻһ΢ͷµ߳
ŲշĴߴﹾ˼䣬ԹŰʿôô֪㡣ʿͷæ¿ŵĲַȥ
ҹˣӪرԵһƹûһѲֲ߱һȥ֡ѽӲʬ׳ΧŷĲ߶ţƽսϢ
ʿشˣֹ̧ιαӣԼˡʿʱױҲ̫ˣټֺˣԼӶûϳ
ʮҪǱ«ڣ˻˵ƥȴǱֻǱں²ӪŻ͵ǵƥ˳ӵԺֱӴɳأ̩Ը
ӵսʿǹȻЧʸߣѷŵʮûͿԻȺֹȺɧʿǴȺѡ׳ʮһƥվΧϿŲݡ
ӳǰү׼ˣʱ
żһзݴҪ͸ءü΢¶Цݡ
˵ţһѲߵĺ²߹æͷɢòϵòϣιιⶼţ΢΢ĽšͷСͷĿ֪ôˣߵ˱ͣסŲ̧ߴ˵һͨһɤŹЦŶԴ𼸾䣬СͷĿƺصͷļ򣬴ŶǰżѲߡ
ۿź²Զˣŷһͷ亹û¡
졣ĻѽȼֻһѻҽӪﾲĵģһƬ硣ӰǱդ˼ү׼ˡ
΢΢һЦá
׿һԶ̩ĴӪһӣʮһϢǣƥȵǰߡ
߳һ֮⡣һһӺݺݳϣʹ˻ŷ񱼳ȥʮ
ڶ̩оӪʵдܺ沿ȥȻεĳս
ʱδһ׵ʿ߽潫Ҿʮأоأܲս뽫ʾ¡
ܲս̩ü²ΪԺδ˵սǰģ˷ȴΪΣ
ΣȻ²˳ǸСӸʲô°ɣ֪Ǹʡ͵ĵơ
Ըǰȥ̩̽ⲽʣ۾Զ
ȴ˵ʱ󽫾ڴŭ죬ˤһѱյ
ԭǽŻ˵Ƕʮƥ潫ıҲˣ˶ʮ򡣺潫ŭŻûȻͷ־̻˵еʳ磬ɧȫѾûһʳɳˡ
ԶŵĽ󽫾ŭһˤһֻ輸
һдЦţһߴ񱼣ֵǣɵƯ
֪󽫾ԲԵù׽
˰ɡ
ǻ˵˭ļƲߣڼƨ
һûȴҲǴЦֻ˺ôһڶ
ʮһ̵ĲԭϣнԶһԾĺڵ㣬ʧؽӵһߡ
Ϧ£Į۽ȼճһƬϼ

019

Ѿ죬մĺ²ȴƺһ㶼ļӣҷ󣬳֮κζϱɕgڵǳݽƵ֪ڸʲôơ
͢մӱ߳ǽһ·ѲԤ£һ˼ţܾﲻԾڵʲôأΪλǣ
£һܶೡսҪ򡣿ⳡսٳٲ˵񾭶ţûһͣ
͢˻ҪܸѹδһƬΪ߹ָʹȴʧְ˾飬ɽվ档˷ܹ˺²סɳأȴҲӾáһսۣһսˡ
ʮسǾʮפͳ죬ʮѡʳǽʮǰ򱱽Ӧˮó޹սԻͣʮ·ͳ죬ڿ²ս湦ʮȡӦˮ·ܶͳפɳأش󼾹Ż
ûĸļ͢һһӡߵ죬ȴû뵽ǰĩ·
ֻĽȴһɼǿûһ˿ܵǰʲôҪ¸ҵؼǰУȥƴȥȡȥΪĹҡΪһսʿϵ
ʱ֣سǽʿλ䲻һ֧ವؼϮ˲䴩͸ʿĺģѪ籡ίʧȥϢڵʿѪһ㵡
͢ɫؿʿֽǰ䴩ʿϵġ͢Ǽ֣ճȭЩҪֽ顣
ӹֽһᣬҲĬˡ˵Ҫ峿ɳ̸С
̨ϰһ֧͢һذϣá
վȥǡ͢¶ģ̧ͷŴգ쳣ᶨ
Ҳãȥ΢΢һЦҪҲ㲻
͢ĬĬͷͻȻһƬȻʡ
ʲô޷ģͷȻֱαصֻ̫̻̲࣬ӹ֮٣ȴ͢硣
͢Ǹмʱ飬̻ܶ࣬Ҳܶ࣬һλ֮Ҳˡ
ŴԶɽ˼ӣңʶ龰
ǻǰʮͷȴ塣ʱھǴϰ̯ԣЩСǮڷԡһڸһԣǸʵѾûѶʱܻؼҡŪϵͭǮ΢΢һЦżһѩͻˡ
Ǹһʱм㣬ͳǮ˰Ц˵˲ˡ˳һֽǧлˡ
ʱ͢·ǡɿһĻȤ̯ǰʵλôҿ϶ķһѩһ
΢̧ƤǰˣǣüƽһϮۣӢˬȥǸˡҲϲģҲֵú˵仰µûп϶Ҳǲµġ
͢һ㶣ЦΪ˵̹ϣֻҪҲиݰɣɷ˵
Ĵ֪ҲǸһˣŪãʱҲ֪ΪΣܾÿǰ˾иУͽԵ֡
Ǳ٩٩Ҽոλ˴·Ǻɫ鲼˵ϻȴҲһоСġ͢߹ؾŴǵļÿַﶼֲϣҲķλ߹ʿ
͢Ƶĵͷ
Ϊһǣ˵ķȫޣµ˵̫׼ʶδдţҲдţͨʿǵŲܵõܺõı棬ڴݹжʧˡ̧ۿ͢ýζλ˼ȻԣػǱϣģҲ˵ûڳ͢ʿϼ֡˿֪ķš
͢һᣬ󼾳ɷ涨߹ط۵ʿ˼ɹҡλ˵ķˣꡣ͢΢һüȻЦ˵ţûսϣض
ЦŵͷλӹȻǴϻۡ
͢æֵҵ̾ԵĵҲȷʵЩ¡ȴû뵽Ǿ̫̾ˣ𾪵Ļں档
˵һѩһЦ֪΢ͨһЩ֮붬ڤǸ׵״ȴ赲˾ˮǵУԽ궬ѩ粻ˡԽǲѩԽ䣬ȱʳģţ϶ᶳܶ࣬²ӱҲֲ˶ãԽ߹Ҫʤˡ
˵긧ź뿪Ц
ʱ򻰲˵̫͢ȴˣ߹شʤ̣ߵʿɲҪؼˣλ˵ķǷֵʤֵؼңȴҲֻǲˡܺĵذολˣķܿͻˡʹĻزҪҲܻ£ܱھĵĺá
͢¼۾ģϵıɷãȭ񣺡յһ̻壬¾ޱȡ
¾ظȴЦŰڰ֣ԳĹˡ˵ʰ̯ˣ͢һվڽϷ㡣
ҹȥ͢һû˯Űߡŵȣ̸£ټϷǷǻۣôɹƭĽʿûǸ˵Ǯ֪ûˣŮ˼ҹӲףȷǸʴĺˡǸȷһҪ뵽λľʦ
ڶ첻͢Ͻˣհ̯λȴûλߡѰң֧Сӵλߵȥһûҵ
ʱһȣû뵽档
߽͢򵥵Դǿеغĳ̸һ˵Ӫľʦ
궬죬Ȼѩ߹عȻʤ̣ʿǰؼһԲˡ
͢˵ĲܣһССľʦ̫ίˣҪͨ׾ټ볯Ϊ١
ҲܸжҪ֪͢ǸעҵˣҪʲôͨԼŬӲĸ׵ȨưǴ˷ȴԸΪȥĸס
һ֪ӡܾ͢ĺ⣬ԸߣһڼĹ⣬һֱ졣
Įݳϼպգչֳһֺ׳Ļ
ĺƶѻȥƺҪˡ
ݳмһŮϣ쳣¹ǳޡ
磬˵͢Ļ𣿡ɯƲƲС죬ŵ㲻м
մǰȲˮԵһЦһġ˵䣬Цӣһ⻪ȡ
ɯôҿ϶ҵһʿһ൨Сҷϡ
ҷϣմŲյͣסˣǸˣǸŴˣǸڴ󼾱߹شվһһˣǸѾܾõˡ
ҲǸҷϵĻǣ󼾹ûˡ
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ҹշ˸һֻֻƤ۾գѽգأˡ
ҹĻˣӵ֣һжھŵҹɫ

020

նʮˡ
ʵʮֻǸƽӣȲʲôٹµ¡ؽգҲʲôʵۻ̫Ĵٽɶģ֮ܶʮֻǸƽӡ
ǡ
ʮ죬ƺ˶æµ
Ҷ˿鷿ܱʼ鳭дԭǰϿεʱʦ飻
͹ʦ˴˿ڳϺٹŵӦӦüɳʮǰ߹أԾԵŵˣƨعشĮȥ
ɣ˿СһɫСϻӣĵתӦ׺˲ߵһСϣԽԽԶ
ү˿̸ϺŴͲ˵Сʹִ֪ΪɶسһССĵشݣ
ɕgڴ˿ܵزżƻһжɵؽţս֮ǰ׼
缾̩˿ңԶĬĬҲʱˣīڷз裬Ӣͦ׿
缾˿һ˴磬ûεʮԶԶɳɕgפӪ֮⣬µĽǾվʱٷҪβܴ˵ƽڡ
ǡ
ȻʮƽǶĳһ˵ʮһȴܲƽ˾ɯ¡ΪʮһбڶĶҪӣһĶҪ졣
ͣͳ̧һ٣ֹסΣǧڼʿˢһվסƺˣ
Ը潫һͬǰȥһعڵϡ
͢ĺӽʵļ򣬳ͳ죬㻹ΣһҪʧ
ͷһ£˵ʲôȴʻȥĽᶨصͷжһŵֵǧ𣬸οغʿһǰյİΣΣеᵽĲɡ
͢һɫװף̧ۿǰĵоӪŵȵĲӻȥ
ӳĽӣӢͦεӰһƬɫ͡
Ǿɯһμ͢ʱʮˡ
մӴһ˵ȺڴӪ֮⣬߽͢ˣ΢΢һЦ
մӡ͢΢̧ǣ¶һ嵭Цݡ
롣մ룬ȴͷоȥ
͢һۣ˻ں߽ȥΧʿʱְΧդ棬һׯµؿ棬ɲ绢ǧڼʿ
ϣմһϮλϣµһϯһλĺŮӣһ˫欵Ĵ۾΢΢ţĴ͢
²ܵһ˿֮⣬մҲһѰ·δսۣĺ²ҲδſڰصҲЩѰʿ
ƣ˵ףŨصĵǶʱټ֡
ǰմ޶⣬ġմŮϲ裬ǲԭϵͲ裬λá
͢СĲյһڣֻڻ壬Ź΢΢ºȴоһ˿
ζѣлӵ¿͢²յ΢΢һЦʼӶʱһ˿͡
ɯջĿ⣬Ĭϯǰ˻Ǹɵ󵨣ֻͷ͸ҴʮĵоӪһһھͰѲˣҲ˶
մҲһЦĿԼ壬ȻûпˣյҲһڣǰһ̡
ӵ뽲
ĿǰսڼפɳأǰΧΣմ˵ܲھ͢˿̵ξ档
һ٣һ˿ӵĹ⡣
մ͢ûпڵ˼˵ʵҲûбʤİգǼˣҲûʲôʧ
͢Ŀӵ˵ʲô
˶֪µⳡӮˣҲӾáմ΢һԪϻʵۿ𸸵ϣɱ㣬ǱҲ㡣˵ˣң㣬Ҳ㡣Ӧص³֪ŭ˻ʵۣ³ʲô
͢¶ʱһʹβֻǰԼǰ;ˣҲҡ
ĸһӾôûѵõĽţҪ㣬ǋҪ㣡ң뵥ԸԲԭŮ.巢ģԱǵĳ⡣մԴǿУĿ⾼ע͢
Ȼ
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Ϊ֪Ҫô׾ʹӦͶǺ²Ӫ̰̰Ͳ͢ˡ
ϢŭմҲһ⡣մ͵ľ̿Ӣ۾ôûǋǲԭϵİܸһƬ۳ҵĽӦ齵ңմŵʮ֮󼾹޷˼
ʮ֮󼾹޷
ͦ͢ü²˵ʮ޷ǻᱣϰչõĺӣжٱ߹ؽʿڲĻҰ
Ҳ𾪣û뵽մȻῪʮ޷΢һת׿͢ȴĽüīɫηӿ
˵ʲôȴ͢һͦվлº⣬ֻ͢Ӧ£͢ǣ
մ΢һüϸ۾Ŀ⾼
ι㳤ûӣҸ綼ôõˣҪȥͰˣҪļˣɯվҲˣ治֪ô
ɯ񣡡մǳ
磿͢תͷŻŮСɵӣһŭؿ
£֪͢ôֻǼҹ֮˭޷ѣ㲻뿪ݳȥԭһ͢һȻͦıͶºÿӰ
ҹ֮ߣļҹҪҪˣ̸ʲô֮ǸЦɯмƲ졣
͢˴ȻҪܷΪ˻ӱΡ̸ʲôʮ֮޷ǼǣҪʱ㣡͢תմӣ
մɫЩÿ΢̧ǼڽһЦǲǾǧʿ޿ֻ֣Ҫһ£߲Ӫ
𣿡͢΢΢һӣǾͿû¡
˵̧ߣҲ΢΢Цţں档
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մĬĬǽԶȥıӰû˵
Ľһʣޱȣ֮ĺ²ʿ£ûӵҲǰ
ӪشţΧļʿ˵ߣճͨ
ơǧڼʱĻ߾ż⵶ìǰǵĽм䣬ͷһͷԵĺ²ﳤȥ
ܺ͢á
մббϣһ˿ζЦݡȻǸĶֻ֣ʤδǱ̫ĺá
ǲǻЦóɽˮԶǵưɡ

021

ţ
һ£ǧֻŵһڣʱԼԼĲҽ
ǿʼжˡ
ǱڲݴĬĬ۲Զսơ
ɳǼһأǸ߳һСǷԱġɕgҲ׼һĺŽǴ죬ʮܻӵʱɱųǰȥϸ߸ߵϲǽ
һ⺷˵ĺ²Ѹϣڳǽºڼ׵ļʿɱţһһһ˫˺һǽ
л潥ðŨǺ˵ḷ́ҽɱ֯һֻ׳ҵս衣һͰͰȥһ㣬޴Ļ˲ʱðһȥյĺ²ҵĿ޺ɿ֣Ӹ߸ߵˤȥ
û˺²ǣǰˣгǧ˲ǵʬϡսǲпģһһսУ˶ʧȥһ㣬ȫѪ˫ۣϵĸֵìɱţһĩһ㡣
͢˲Ȱ裬һϱ߿ʼǣϸ潣ִַӼϳһѴ󳤵ϳǽ
ջٵݱһߣµĻոǽͷĺ²ûӰͱ͢һƷȥصһ졣
˺أｻǰɣһ·ͳԴǿеؿǵĽ
͢δͣ϶ȵùңԼְλʧ
ֲԣһַվͶ뵽ҵսС
²⺷ޱȣʮĸֵìʿȻͣҪⲫȴҲǲСԽԽĺ²ϳǽ֮⽣ӰѪɫӡ
ʿǰ¿ɱţҪѺ²ɱĸֵ˲俳ϴ׵ļʿұۣһֻųֱ۵ʿҧصϥڵּ𳤵ؿײеĺ²²ʮΪмһЦ¶ɭɭֵһһԲͷ­ͱѪĽ
һҷɣ⣬Ƴ·ͳξָʿˮĴȻæýͷöġаնѵҸʵսľĶ
潫ʧأѪɫ׵ʿмǰ档
͢һüҪߺı
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˶ʱһ粻ƫƫʱ
Ľͦüøˣ΢һĬͳ
ĩڣһ·ͳǰֵϥ£ׯء
ܰϳǽŽһˣ͢ؿ֣һһٵ˵
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ǣȥսţһ߼ɱţһ̸ֵܵģүүɱƨ
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ѪȵζӣǰľֻʣƴɱɱȥɱЩַǵķҰ
͢ԶԶųٲԶմһɫڰϣɫڷоᡣ
մҲƸӦĿһ㣬̧ۿųǽǸģӰһЦݡ
͢һڵġ
͵ԲľľǰȥײصĳţһƵ졣
죬ԮƽʧڵİǴĻֲ̿ҵǰٺźӣ۵ϰŹٱǵˮȻ顣
б䵽˻ɥģȻûηκѪԵڿԼļ԰⵽ԣ޶ԡ
ʮѹһоˮһ㱼ӿųǰûֹһѹѹһƬʵˡ
ĲɱԶسȫӲֻšǽʿǷɱӵĵбԱһʿںͣ乭һ£ǧֻ¡
µĺ²̫ܼǧֻ֧֧ûգ˲ȥǧ²ҵĽδãһ£޼ơ
ʮּ²Ԫˣ˽ˣ͢ȴδɶ٣мʸۿžҪô죿͢ԽԽأϻҪһļᶨʿǿʿ
Ԯʱŵ֪ȥֶܼã
Ľ򣬿ȥ
Ŵʿɳһһѹź赲޴ĳɳײһαһңۿźӲʮ˩Σȴֻܼɳһһ㡣Ըˣʧ˳ţ
¥ϼʸѾǽϵʿǰʯ顢ɳȥ²Ƶӣ·磬ʱ㱻ɢµʯɳҵѪģһʱս쳣ҡ
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ŽǴ죬һձ²˻ȥسǽʿǵڵϣôǽʱסˡ
ϲǽսȴɽţ²ˣã˫۲
ֻɕgڵñ࣬²ǽһ飬һǰ濪һںŸֵ뼾ĹȷʮЧѾʮͻƳǽϳͷȴڼ޷˵ƴɱ¶˻ȥ
մ˶࣬ϱɕgڱ࣬˴Ҳûôηηβ˹Ӱ
һ˻Ƶĳȴһ׵Ķ·ͳ񣬡潫ǽѾأоѾ˻ȥֻҾʧأǧٽʿĩܣ뽫𷣣
⺷ĵͳڵϣһ֧ϼԡѪͨ죬Ŀѡ
͢ʾ֪һҵսֻǻڵŭţʹ顣ĬĬǰͳ죬ѹѹֵǲģң
ͳᣬҧز·ֺص˵ͷתȥ
սһ죬ҹɫ٣ҵɱȥһж
̫ˣûһ˿ֻһŨض˵ŷߺҹĻӡ
ɳصسǱһǧ
ƽﳯϦദͬʬѻǽսһʿĬĬţΪֵܵˣΪû塣
ǼѰԹԹ֪ӺδĶˡһ겻ı̲ס͵ʿеüͷеͶͬ۹⡣
һӵϱںͷģӲˣɶµģ۴󼾹ʿĸث֣
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˶һĬ
ϱĺļƺ߳Ӫʡ
ҹˣޱߵɫһƬʵͣƢֻȻҹɫɴˣȴҲֵסįңԶ˼ֵסʹĳǵıˡ

022

оƻͨ
Ҳһҹδ˯΢΢ţʹëҲͶһССķ纮ͿסˡֻսȴҲϢá
͢ü˼ս°ţηֲֻʣһǧίʵ㣬׽⡣ã̧ۿһսֻǱ㣬ǷԿ򣿡
΢΢һЦļҿɕgǱҲֲ˶ˡ
˻
ϳǽֻͣһβһΡɕgֻϺҪɳأͼıԭµȴûľ򡣡΢΢۾²ЩıĲԭˣɧǵıֻΪһЩǮԶȹûǷͼıµҰġǷˣǱȻẦ£
͢ͷָЩˮҲƺ˺ܶࡣ
ȿڲˮ󣬼ǵʿܶ࣬Ǻ²ӦñǸ࣬ϱߣӦһϡֻǵļʸˣϰʯͷܲǰ취ܲܵѷҲˡֻһǧղҪǰ£Ըȥһ֧ѡ
͢һᣬǰһ
ʳùҲδغùˡȥ궬ûռˣҲܲ˶ʳܵġ룬ȴ޵Ļ߰ףټ⼸Ͷ٣ݸ˼֡
͢²ˡ˷ܹؾҲǣҪܷ
ڰ֣ЦôʲôͷӶġ˵ཻۣһαںࡣ
͢˵ʲôļ˵ǲˣúϢ
͢һЦط
ڶ컹оæµ·һʱ֮ڸƳһֻѣͷ϶˺ͣаհԼҳԵĲͶ
ǵĺŽִսѪ߰ߵĳͷϺȻðǧѣܵĻڳͷӣ²һųͷɵ֪ôӺδ
еĺ²ûһ룬ϱӾеĺòȥһɨʱǱصȥ͵ĺųϻѣûҾͿһ֧䳤ìֱeԼѣ˵һѪӢ¾ˡ
մӺݺһԣ΢һܾʱӽ겻
մһ벻͢ȻˣĴ򷨣С
üͷ°˼š͢޶ٱȴֻǿż̵ĳǳšĵǵس󣬲ԭ첻ôϸĶÿÿǺ²µġֻµĹнˣǽسӲس۰󣬼ʸǾִİϣײʹãҲôġ
ü˼ʱϱͻȻವһɫźŵ΢΢ðựֺܿʧˡ
ôɫźŵԼõĺɫ
մ䣬һǺɫźŵڿն
ӵĺ²ǡŻسǽļʿǶͣϵĶͷȻǲǻиɫķ
˰ûɶӦûϷˣǴֽŸø
²˴ӣͷģ׼ʹȻձĺŽôһ²ɶͷԣһȺһȺ˻ȥ
̩¶һ˿ЦݣԶߣ΢΢˿Сӣģ
ͷװӵĽʿǣֵǣҳ壡
һ죬ߺţһӿĺһ«оӪȥ
Ϣĺ󽫾㱨ʱһŭ֪ԷôͻȻ裬һ߷ǰС䵶ͳȥ
أӵĸϿҼϣ潫ŻҵӪʿҴܣɵñŭ
űձӪʵǧ򳤻δüһĲԭ²ͼͱһѩĳĨϲӡʧĺ²ܣ󽫾ǵľ֪ǸȥǣȰ͡
ʱǻ֪ǧ򳤰ٷ򳤶ѾӢ¾壬һɫźŵĴȵҵʿǷǵʬʱΪʱ
ӪΧİȫŵӪŴ󿪡ӵġ²һЦԶԽԽıڵĶ飬һ𳤵ͳͽġͬȥ
̩ɱź赲سĴӪǴһ˿Ц⡣潫ѵΪһʲô
ǰ̩ѾǲʮǱӪʱ䣬ܶ顣սϣͻ֣ᷢû˼ͷ˿ڣȣͷСӳҲ
ĺ«ѹһ˳ҪӳȥȴҲ쳣ѡžԸ
Ǳĺ²Ļңų򲻼¾͵ˣȥתҪܣǻûܼͱһ䴩ģſڵҲ
󽫾ۿȥҲ˲϶飬Ծһƥͱӿ˦ҵӪм䴩ţ«ݳȥ
ˣĪ󼱵һ߳һֻǰ׷ȥ
̩ϣվһߣʿǺԲĸ²Ǵš
˺ЩӵĶڿԷйˣʿֶޱȺ顣󲿷ֺ²ǶͶʣµܾͶĴ𽥱ʮֻʣˡ
ΪƵĺ²жӲͷأ̩һЦ
ɢﳣǰʾ£ʣЩô죿ôķڷԸȥһϸ£
̩һɣķڷʲôͷһϣ
ʱʮʿΧȥһʱ찵أɳʯҽв״ܵӡ
Ͱ͵ĺ²ôȺŹˡ
˴ʱĪˣ潫ܣúˡ䴩ҶҲ˶ˡ
̩ͷ⣺˾˰ɣߡ
˵΢ǰ
ɢﳣ껳ɵ£ô죿
ˡ̩ޱ飬ǰߡ
ҵĻһϯһһͩͽĵطðĻ࣬ņʹİ˷һ㣬ѹ֡
ĻŨصḷ́ɢ˰ա
ĲԭϱڵĶƺƵǰ·;ԽԽˡ

023

תۼѾȥʮӣ⵭ƾӨӭлˣһ滨ʢĺʱ԰һɵķ۰ǳ죬ȶˡ
Խů࣬ˮ̱̣ϸ֦Ҷҵʹ΢ˮϣ΢ҡҷˣ
ſںͤϣﳶһ̵ֻ֦һƬһƬ˺ҶˮȥĺСһƬۺһһŽء
ҶʯߺŲ迴飬Ա㶷ɵĳˡ
ŮСһ·Сŵߵߵһͤæվסȴڴڵش
ͷһۣûɵתͷȥ˺Ҷӡ
ѽСæǰų̱ɴӣҡţǱ߹ϢˣҸСȫ˵ģ˵ͻ˷ߣڷĽվܿˣ
СѾͷһ˷ܣһ˫С۾Ŀų
еƵģŷӦҪҪ
ʱ
嵭Ĳˮˣ͢ʹںȥҲֻĲˮ˳ź쳣Ҳ΢΢˼֡
δսһմӾձˣȻɳ֮һıǰȥԮϱߵɕgڡڵоϱлһȫûпĻᡣ
սյգơ
ƣʿǶµַּջսÿÿֻͷ̲˸ʿѾ͸֧㡣ȫ²ͨ͢ʿôԵģôΧȥʳô죿Ԯʲôʱ
ȴԮϣƺԽԽã֪ǲǲˣǲˡ
һӵ죬оֿʼʿǰ̾һӾͶս˵Զܷϣʹ˶ˣҲܷԼ
һӢ¼ǿʿǲֻΪɳضսΪ˼սΪԼս
߸ߵľѣȼܵĴȵ¶Ƚصյͨ죬
ء
ء
޴Բľײųţһһ£һαһθ
ʿͷ󺹣ںɳϣԲľײһһѷԽԽԽԽͻȻһ˶Ĥ˻Ħŷѿ޴Բľײ
һŷѿ²ǶʱıǰƣһһţѷԽԽ󡣼ʿţȫѹȥȴ赲סһһȥ
ͻȻˮһͰͰ𽥽ϨðһɫˮŨǺˡȻһ죬źһ˨첻ظױˣغʵһ㱻򿪡²Ǻɱųǰ³߷߸ɳɱȥ
մһ߽ţĿͿʬǽ壬ŵİٶʿѾɵڵϡ
΢һмЦ
ɯԱߣǼҵĳһ㣬˿⣬ֻһ˫ѩĴ۾ԾԾԣ磡ȥ󹦣
˵ҲմӦʱһͳϣ˫һǰȥ
ǸҰѾͷմһΣԱһ̧°ͣʱ⺷ʿ׷ǰȥ
һƬңǺ²뼾ʿսһ𣬻еϰԼҵĳͷǾͱûܼͱһڵء
Խʧˣ͢һǲʶǰȥհȫһߴѸǰϳšȰѳŴ򿪣ɕgǱҲɳؾûˡ
ɯڲԭҲ쵱ŵģֻǲԭϵõ廨ǹ죬ʹһֺñӵŮܣѾŮԴϲھӶ岻ѣе֡
ɯǸŮӣº֣ɭɭ¹ǱֻǶʿļ˫ȣûȡǵһŮΪԼգþû֣ñȻȻһʱһˣ磬̼ʿҽŵڵϡ
ɯתͷȻԶ͢Ҵ߹ȥһʱһȣǰȥ
͢ţһȻǰʲôһȻ͸оವһۣžһ졣
һѾˣº֣ûˡ͢һѪ飬ɯüһ͢¶һƵЦݡ
̧͢ۿϵĺŮгɢɭɭ⣬¶ʱһողϡ
ʿǼˣʱһŭ𳤵ͿҲǸôεС
ɯЦһһ˦ʱǰʿϾͶѪۣⷭѪʿʱѵһӣҵغ
˽һݣû뵽С˺
͢ʿǸϿǰȥȳţԸ
Ȼǰһһȹ裬սϣȻǳۺ졣ϻ˵͢𳤽˸ơ
ɯһȻһ˦ʱк͢æңɯһδУʱŭ϶ӿһʱӰХ졣
͢Σһóţĵĥϸ¹ǱðĻ𻨣Ǳ޾Ȼûϡ
ô򣿡ɯŭȡ
͢һ߸űһ˵ҲŮˡ
ɯһʱмһЦ˾˲Ҹ㣬Ů˲˲
Ů˲Ӧôɱɱģǲ¡͢һſޱ顣
ɯߵСͨ죬²飬ϸıһһǵ˦к
͢賤ţȻ׼ᣬһץס޴һקɯһʱʱص
£ʿʱҪǰݡ
͢һɨһӣֱָɯ
ɯüͷϵ̧ۣͷ͢Įһĳֱָ¶ʱһɥɱҰɡ
͢俴һɨһ˿ȴûдࡣ
͢ջسȥɣսŮ˸ĵط
˵תԶɯڵϿǸԶȥͦεӰһ㶡
ûЮʣҲûг裬ô׵طˡ
ΧӵĺɱбսвҵĿ޺˻̤кķιɯһƬ
ôһ˲䣬ĳطһ顣

024

˵ȵ͢ϳţĿǼʬҰ˫ҽսš
͢뱼ϳ¥ȻմӲ߹һᱡЦ⡣

͢һû˵µüĿմ
մŵ΢ЦһϷ䳤̧ǰ΢һŵһơ
͢üһȫļ˲䱬˵ٶȣķԱ֮ƴմ
մҲѰںƣᵶ񵲣޴ĳʹ˼ֱһ˻ȥ
մҲʮֲһһʽ󿪴ϣһ߷緶͢ʹʽٶȣ仯жһ²һôӺδδ赲
һƬɫŽſЦսһƬҷɱ֮ԽԽ˵£ѪȾ˴أվŵȻҪ𷴿ݡ
͢ų˲ʱ任λϮȥմӱ˺һüһ壬ʱ͢ĻڣѪ˿˿ð˫ĿŶԷĶ±任Ųһ˿һ˺֮սΪ˼ҹҫΪػΪһеϡ
ֻ˾Żսһʱײƴɱ񵲣ʱ˿ơһʱ䵶⽣ӰȥۻĿϾӣ˫սʮغȻѷָ¡
͢Ӧսȴһ󽹼ĳʧɕgڹ
ʱ֪ɕgڣѾˡ
̩߸ϣ𹭻£һĮؿɳҵĵоӪֵĺ²ǳǰȥӵסǵĵڡ
мˣҽһ󽫼ű˵ĵ˻Ӫһָ赲ʿĹơ
ɕgڹսһ룬ͷźţźӵͷҵȣԮûеȵȴ˼֮ʦҸսĺ֣һʱ佣䣬սҡоشӪ޳֮
˵ǰһմɳԮɕgڵǧ֮ȴӱǱӻزԭմӵϵ֮λ󣬽֧ͷʮϤȫˣԭû
ȴ˵֧ΪʲôҪܣʱ⵹صһǰʱͷǧ˵ĶƺƵݳϱ߼жȥͻȻǰɲסΣͣסʱײһһ
ûͰȷе˵һƬš
˵ǰ˸ºӰӾţϸֵ
ȻԷֻа˸ˣǱ˵ƣȴźһ㣬ëȻһƬɱ
۵º²ǴҴֻû亹
к򣬰˸˲ʱδ²ǷӦͱǳΡ֮ͷ­ɣѪӣ˶һδ
ֵĺ²ҲܲĴ̼ӴܣǱӻԭӴ֧ϼҴĴܵıġ
ʱһĽһĿʼΪʣǰԶѡĵ·ɴ˲µļȻҪǺܾԺˡ
Թ
ʱɳϳ͢ٽմӼƴɱţһսٻغϣ㲻Ҳݵơ
͢½ȴ޿κΣ²׺ޱȣ֧ļʿǸ͵ֵ˼غϣ̵ص¡ۿź²һţҪɱϰǶܵĵطɳۿžҪزסˡ͢һıŭʽʱжȥơ
մն͢һŤͷ䵶ɨֻһ֣ĳҪ͢ѡ
ס֣ͻȻһȡ
մ΢΢һ̧ͷͿһݸߵĺ²Юɯϸѩ׵ϡ
磡ɯСͨ죬һίҵŤӣϧֱֻ۱󣬶˷ֺ
ɯ

մ͢Ǵһմ˲ʱͷӦǼļϸЮɯ
ſմۿŤɯֱϵĴ֣һŭ
Ƴһ۲мһЦû
͢ҲǷӦ죬¼صĳԱߣվմ档
͢ôû°ɣЦ
ĸһû£ˡ͢Ԯˣ¶ʱһѼļ
мŻųǰ˵ǵмΣѾӪءմʱɫһڣüͷ塣
սϵƼתֱ£մӸոջʢ˸߸ϣȴǽ˼ѣˡ
ôˣɯСһףŵʵ
մǲŵģǼ̳ȻȥҲԣǾͺúýһɱĹ졣
˵䣬ƺصϳŴˣ̩߽һɫףɫڷз裬˧һͿſ룬ѵصţ˵ĶƺƵӵڡ
ƴȫسʿڵȵԮʱĻһӯɳоˣоˣ
մӳĬһᣬ³֣
˵շ۾żһһٵ˵ĻҪ֮ڷһëҪȫʬ
磡Ҫȥɯˮ޵ñӶˡ
մһۣתͷҲصˣװĺ²ʿػţ˳ɳءĺǵõʱˣܵĻϰոںĭ
ûһӣĵоȫˣֻʣصʬ壬Ұǽ塣
ҹǹ貶Ŀ¶һֹϰá
ֻЩȥȴٻزˣֻܵһյ׵ΪԸܹҸ
о΢΢Щ̩дüĸʵ۵ܺûõݸŵҹһ㱼Զȥˡ
̫͢ˣҺ綼飬ϣܹһ档һࡣ
͢΢΢һЦûϵͨˣﶼһҲڿʱͼһ𡣡
ĽѾս£ֻһµ˿ۣȥ˼˿ࡣ
һ̾û˵ʲô
̩˿ڲˮܺͻȥ󣬳ܿ͢ͻ˹֡͢㻹ҪյŽ°ɣ̷ء
ĬĬ˵ͷû˵̩Ϊչ͢⵽ʱ򾩳ֵĹеղһֽһѺ͢ؾղͲˣҲ͢衣
Ȼһſ޺
̩ҹҪɱ㣡ҸҸɯѺһӪʿ˵£죬ವһͰѺ²ĵڸɵˣĳ֮顣
ɯ´ᣬϸѪۡһ·ϵײײرһƿڴˮʹ
ŵŮ㱨
̩üû˵
磬ǸŮô죿ѵķһֹô죿ʵ
˰ɡ̩һᣬɕgڱ䴩ģûͷˡǵ򻧺Щմһӵˣûٹ˼ǡ
ȻһЦ
ȥ͢վ߳ȥ
ɯһ߿һ߷ʱ򣬺ȻоǰĳìŲˣʱַǰȥȻоײһš
͢Ҳһ㶣ֻһƬСɵŮ޵ң΢΢
ɯ̧ʵۿ͢ʱˮӷֻСȭͷܴһһϡ
쵰쵰Һ㣡ҺˣҸҸҪҵɯţӨˮŴŵص
͢ȻоĸоֻЩ̡
ɯȻĵطؿţ͢Ȼᱧ̤ȥ
һɵʿ
ңҪʲôɯȻоԾӿ
͢Ҳֻǳʵ㡣
ɯ޺ɱһ㡣
͢һΡ
ɯţȻо͢ĨĨһɾԷɯʱһߣһ˫ֵĴ۾ص͢
͢ʱһУεҡҡͷߵԱߵĳóһҩ䡣
͢ҩóɴҩޣһ߿ɯѾЩ׷׵
ɯŷӦʱ΢΢һᣬڵŲ
͢ҩ΢زϵ˿ڣĵطɷɷۣɯҧ촽һûԡ
͢һ˿˿ڱɴСĵذ
ɯСģһΪҾͻм㣡
͢΢΢һЦȥԴ˺⡣
ˣúϢɣһͷȥ͢ʰҩҪȥ
ɯһ㶣ͷֿһ߾ǿҲȥ
Ϊʲô͢һ
ҪˣҲŲҪȥɯίˮ̲סӿ̧첲ʹ޺޵ص
͢һĬɯį飬̲ˣҪؼҿ㸸
ɯȥ˿ޡСû޹
ҹˣɯڴϣŴ貵ǿգء

025

ﴺģﻨ㡣
﹬µ޲һƬϲأֵġ
Ϊ߹شʤ̣ҽ̫ӵ¾гĴӣʵۻӻһ󳼸̫ʢʽҪŻء
ķʮŮʮг񣬹˳ǴˣҲ˵ŮǿԲμ罻ᣬþҪ׳ɼҵˡ
Ϊ̫ӣ׸һ£Ϊ⽫غδһ֮ĸѡһƺƵѡ̫ʽĻ
ҶûԶ٣ȴ˵ǳԵñˣҪȥʳ
鶣ԶˣһЪ˲ܻˡ
Ҷͷ˳СţǴεͿˣȴйɵܺš
ǰӼ̩Ѿˣʦ˵ڱ߹أҪ졣
͢С͸ã˽ֵܵģҶҲܶСʱɹĵ¶͢£ҪΪ缸䣬ʦ˵ʵ۵ƢԤϣǺģ˭²˼Ҫôлأ
ҶⵣļΪ˰͢ŭʵۡ˽˵ǰЩΪЩʲô´ŭϣʳ⣬ûþˣ͢ϭگ˵ӱӴ˹ûһ˵
Ҳ磬͢Ҫˣ֪ʵҪôСת̽ѯʹΣȴʵˡСҵ˼α߹ս֮ǰ͢ЩᣬʵλԼŮ޸һ֮
ҶҲΪеϧĸʱӻŮƱضҪλƷȻŵȴûɿԡ
˵͢ٽȻûٴ棬ҶĸйۻۿҪѣȴҲܲ̾Ϣ
˼ţͻȻһܼ
ⲻǹʦҵҶСһ͵ϹŮһ˿һЦ
ҶλѾ߳Զ쵽԰ˡ
̧ͷˣҦһѾŮ磬֪ҪȥղŹˣûпҶæί
ҦƳһۣȴû˼
ҵҶСǹʦ˵ˣĶСС
ҶⲻҡҲˣ֪Լֺʱǵǣ
Ҧһһūﳤȥ
Ϧʱ֣һȺ㰡ؽţջɹԶƲȾɽɫůƵɫ
ʳΧĹٵϣӲŲƵǰš
ةˣñ»˭ȥ֣̲ƽôƿӵСڿĽƵŽһһģڵĽɫһʱ俴
İɣҲָ߹ǵ²ز֡ĽΣ
ƽ΢һͷĽ͢иʦʲô
ƽüͷһ᣺ӦǱʮ꣬òˣҼһΡ
Ľ˼һᣬ˲򵥣ֵһ£ŵ㡣
ǡ
Ϧ£ڹٵͷֵˡĻɺ·ڰ̯ӵСһĿ⣬ػŹСʧˡ
ƽְ̧ںŻӲһߣվһ죬ʵۻˡ
з׼ʱͻȻصһصϣƽһʱβȴϵʱֻѱ䳤׶ľͷһһƽøոĵط
ˣʱһӣǳΧ
ƽŷֵڽӵذϣͷ亹뵽ղŵһĻʱһ£ڹŹһȦ
ˣû°ɣһǰʵһ˵ڵϣæǰ
أƽĨ˰Ѷͷϵĺˮʵ
رˣˣѾȥ׷
ظƽ˼ŵ˭Ҫɱֻһ񺮣ƺһһһ˫۾עšƽû£ٲһ̡
ҹ٣ƳϡΡصĹһɫĵƹ±ϸĻ֦ҹţӰڷ䣬һؽӰҡҷ涶ˡ
һľϣŨζֱˮ
Ҷһü˼ãɨĶüչϷһӣ̧ͷ͡
üһӳ˼
˺ˣˣ۲ѽ˵ž߹һֻĨˣյһߣѹ̶
Ҷǩһľϵݸͣһ˵ʦҪٽˣϻ
΢΢һ٣ҶһۣϻδĳҪ̣ڣܻҪ˼һ£ĻҪٻؼңûõĻˡ
֪ҶϻۣȻͲȴʮֳƽЩԽģֻҪҶˣ˵Ҷ˼治СؤҲûлɣֻЩʱһìܵĶ
ʹʵͰǰҲװûʱ򣬺Ϳһá
ﳤ̽һʦĿڷ磬ҶʱҲˣǷ䣬Ӧˡ
ҹǿãϺôһ֣ԺԡҶſŰŲʱɹө棬ŮһϮɴȹݣЦġ
Сөҹɫˮ
ҶⲻɾʫįŮӣͦ
飬ҶԵ̾
ɴ۾Сɵúôǵһ˿ÿʱ˼Ҷ˵ʲôأҶƯ
ҶõƯ
Ư֡
Ư
Ư
Ư
Ư
ţƯ

026

ʳֵľ̲ƽִ¼ͷģִѾһ˶ʮͽδ˵ֺ
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ʵ֤Եΰġ
ִͷĸߣĸۡеļ磬СƯҲΨһһϰܹĳ͢߹١
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ִˣûʲôѡԪ۸ڻϣϡ
ƽæǰһر£΢Ϊ־ӪͳݿΡ
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˵ҲһݣʵɫƣΪؾ˰Ѻ
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Ĭվڶǰˣޱ飬ƺЩš
£Ҧǰǰ㱨

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΢ܣˡҦڵһؿͷ档
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ȴ˵ҦҦ׵ܵܣҦڻʺһ磬ʺҦã˽ҲҦ顣
ԪۿŵˣãҦ֪
΢֪΢֪һ棬΢Ը¸ᡣҦֿʼͷĿ־
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΢ңҦ
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ʱ򿴵Ҷ⻹ĥĥģæߴٵСڣôûߣȥҪ㳭ˡ
Ҷæϴ˰֡Ҵȥ
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Ҷ΢Ͽˣʦ
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һҶˣæչҶԱóҲ£ſֹأ֪˵Щʲô
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곯ʱѾˣԿҲû϶ᣬĿ˵쵽ˣΪ⣬ÿһʫ
ףҶһơлǧжٻƪ£ҪԹ˵ƷʵÿҪʫԼѳζǽʾ֭ճһƪȥӦ¡
ÿһʫҶⶼҪЪ춼Ƶ黹ΪڲһӾͻϸµʱæûǽΣ˺ܶĿʫһҶ⾫˰سʮ죬ΪѪ㣬ڼţȵҶ췴θ
ҲûɶʫÿͿʫҪȵںһСûסЦ˳ͽܵҲƣΪҶ˴ϻۣʫȴͨ
ȻҲеʱ򣬾ȵںҲͻ¼ġ˵һдڡġʫҶ˺üڱˣҸоãȥͿ͵ʱںȲ裬һӹֻдһ֧ģ翪ţҹ꣬˯㡣
ͣ
ҶһΪһ׾ʫҶĴп۷֮Լǽϡ
ţסȻãȴǶݡۿһˣƮ꣬ѿת࣬Žս˶ıɡǣʼӭӲյĵȻ֪޾Ȼõÿһ졣

027

ңûһ˿磬ֻſ֨֨ؽ£ź롣
ʦסعŴţ߽ʱС̫±ߵʯϴ
Ա˹ȥûоǡ
תȺҶסˣӴţÿҶڴǰͷæţͷľȻû˯ϴһϮɴȹ׵˿µһʱ¶һ˿Цݡ
յ·̷糾ͣһʱǰոջġȥ鷿ʣֻȥݼĸ뵽ٹģһʱûסˡ
ŵ˽ȥҶǰһһϰ֡
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ˣЩϲˣһģЩ㲡˰Ȼģͦá
ЦŵͷȻһ˲˲ضûݣ΢΢ɹЩɫƤ
΢ɿظҶͷһ¡ȻֱóѺĵЦ
У
Ҷæ˺󼸲ЩյصһۣȻڶͷϲ˲
ʲô˼
û£
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Ҷ֣ɷ˵ϣ͸ģϲ𣿡
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ЦЦվҶҸˣһҪϢɡ
ҶȥǡʹӹÿعЦųҶ˰תȥ
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ٳ۴ӣԹˡ󼾹ĻʵȻܻˣ˭֪ٹǸʲô⾰Է¶Ҫ㣬ֻռȻ˲ܰʤ㣬ˡ
͢ĴҲڹһվ˶ӣԴ˵ŪҪ˾塣ةĽһֱλε̫.ƽ֮Ϣһš
˵һͲˡӦûʱӵķͷνѹ̫ӣûĸӻܺȼ磬ҲСӦҵˣ߾ԵȻҪ֮һ͢ҲкܶӦҵϽͰ͵ؿ硣
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Ļ̲סһ˿ǣ̫ӵºֵͣҲνòõģǿݣҲǹ񣬴ûʲôͻҲϲģһ뵽ǵǷı㣬ͲɵΪ̫Ӹ絣
ΪЧֶ֮һҲҹΪĵطѡ̫̫ϸϲģҲһ컯ϣȴҲֻˣʼʲôİ顣
һ뵽Ḷ̌͸Ǹ£ʼҹӵȦ˭֪Ľ̴СϲλСͲ˵Ҫ޸ֻүȴǱ仯˺ܶ࣬ȥˡ
ѡ̫֪Ƕ死Ҫǿǿʳ°ӿţһƴϷݡ

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͢Ǵ˿̶˶վڸԵλϣ˵
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һʲôطӲ̻ĵطԹ䵽ķ˶ûʲô³
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ҶһۣסǵĽףס˵Ļ
˵̧ҴȥҶһ﷢㶡

029

յǷͻģոջٵ죬һͷꡣ
˸С̫һ˱źһСĵسֽɡҴ߽ܰ
ᶼˡͷС̫๧
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СŮæǰӹ齱ߵϰڷźãһС̫ˡ
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񸮽·طϱȽĲŮҲƼһԼͶ˺öࡣӦ͵һһῴ
Ҳڣͬλ
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Ұҿۣ⼸ֵãǿЩܰʺ΢΢̾˿ϴ˿ǳ
˵ʲôҲǵõӦģ˾ЪŰɡҦЦŰο
ҲǻСأû׼һתӣ㲻̫ġҲϸģһˣǰ˶ʺˡ
ﳤԺͱʵ۽ˣܰʺܰԺ˼дŮѵһٱ顣Դ˪˵ӣ᲻һ㾫ĬĬſǰдŮѵʱһŶ飬Ūּȴʼǲ˵ҲԲ¼ڡ
ʺһȰʮʮģûãʵʵ̲סˣºպջıŮ˼ҸͲſд֣ͷû̧һ¡
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ةฮϣĽŲյһڣƳһƽã°ôˣ
˷İɣѾźˣǼѾͨصԼĲ£˻ˣȻİǱߡƽûص
Сŵ㣬Ľһᣬֶ˼䡣
ͬʱҲڲ߻ıͬ£ֻǶͬѡ
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ֻû뵽ҶҲæ⵹ǳǵϣˣûи߼
Խ˻ʳǵϱߡٵϣǰеѺͳߵûСģԶԶĺֵ׺βͣ׵»ǰ
ϵĹٵߴһ̯һصϷ̯ǰŲ裬ǿȥɫȴʮֽţʱ·š
үү㿴ǲˣϷ˺Ȼ̲סһ˿ʹͷӵֱ
ֻѺ͢ĳꤵʻǰԽԽ
æŷվߵ·ߵš
үˣͣȿڲɡǰס˳ӣһεʵ
Ѻ͵ʿҲǾˣͣȿڲߡ
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ʿҲһһӵĻҪ˵ֿ˼һ˺ò׼棬ЦŶ㵽һߺȲȥˡ
ڶѺʿҲһ羴ؿ͢飬ĬĬ
͢˸͢ӣ̲סŶصؿ
͢Ҳ̲סˮɳǸصӺǰȴԶǿ
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˵䰵һСֽ͢У͢΢΢һ㶣ɫڹȥ
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ۿɫ˲ọ̀ʿǰǷİɣһչ˺ɫˣذɡ
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һͳȥˣûȻʲôƵģһѽ˲ˣͿʼԤѡˣҵøϽ׼׼·ûأ
˵žͻŻæȥˣҶ⳹ˡ
СѾͷûģǰŸոհӵֱߵ¶ôӢӢ䲻ϰѼ˦Ժһ˼ô޵̫Ӷȥ
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Ԫ׺Ų裬ոոʦ˼壬ɱúܹ񫣬͵Ļ΢΢һЦҶùʦҵˣô΢Ҳǻʺİţ󹬵˵㣬Ҳǹܲá
һ֪ô˵Ҳûˡ
ԴİҶӲɽʹ֪һᵽֻû뵽һô졣
ôСͽ޵ĶӣίˣԪۿɫ̫ãЦŵ٩
Ͳҡվʵ۸ǣ˳鷿
Ԫ۾ЩζسţʦСͽܵǺ⡣
۵ˮ£ҦһϮȹʯϣڵְһ֦ʺϡ
ܰʺһᣬЦŵ˵ͷ¶ȻŶգѵá
һʺԼֶŮҦ¶ҦʱЦܵõʺĿޣ¶и
ЩŮ඼ǲף¶ةҵĽС㣬سø仨Ƶġܰʺ󷭿ʯΪɫʮᣬЦ̾ݵл濣㿴ˮģ
ܰʺسţҦӹῴм仭С񣬹ȻǸε˶һ˫峺̶ˮһĴ۾˹ͷˡ
ǣǾ˰ܰʺЦŸп
Ҧ᣺˵ĶĻ˭֪ǻʺǴ󼾹һŵĹɫӺݻЩСƨѾͷȵϵġ
𡣡ܰʺЦﻹǱĺһ
ʵʦҵҶСҲҦµһᣬš
ܰʺЦ˵һǸѾͷˣСȥϵġ
Ȼ˲УЩСھˡҦ˸ϵķЦ
ȻܰʺۺӣҷУֻǸҶС㿴ȥС軹Ĳġ
ҶСȻС˵㣬ģҲǶõģռµĺãñ˽ȵˡҦ΢΢һ˿⡣
⵹ҲǡܰʺЦŵͷġ
ҦЦЦӲӵģյЩۡ

030

߽ϣŵɫĹâأ紵次
ʹһƬæµǰС㳡ѾۼٶˣһŮӣݺݺվһƬ
ЩСѾͷǽμ̫ѡŮĸҪвҪòòģԾٹصٮٮߣվһһʱһˣ涷ޡֻеŻģһݣе£˿˿˹ţеŨױĨģķеŵױȴҲǳˮܽһס
Щ͵˵ŮǴӵطģΪ˲μ̫ӵѡȫҶîǰʮ˾ǣµشšԤѡĵһ죬ؾˣһ˿ĵ
½½кܶŮӽЩǾǸ߹ٹҵǧС㣬Ȼǵλ١ֻǵŸӷװ¸ţǷݸ߹ŵȾ޷⡣ƽҲǱܴҸоʮõСŮǶʱо㣬ذһء
ܹܵ¹һС̫࣬վλΡ
ʱߴߴȺȻֻĽ̻һϮ׺ѩ׶ȹҲûôױľüСţǾޡ
¹æһЦӭȥ밲ĽСˡ
ĽҲûһۣŶûͣһĿбӵؾߵǰվš
˵СŮǰСǵļƸˣôڼĽֻ֮þˡƯģûôƯģԼҲǲƯɾ˾òԼôƯҲԶ޷Ტۡ
Ľ̴ʱһӵӲǱ״˱μѡһǸľͷƵ̫ӵѻ𡣲֪֪μѡ˻᲻᲻ˣĽһƣȴܲӣ·ûױû˽ӣԲܱѡϡĽҲԵŮް취ֻȥˡ
ԶҶ͵һĲԸš
ҶԼСġվס˽Ų
Ҷ⻹һĲԸ
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С̫ͷ֪ôãæȥҵ¹
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ȴ˵ŮλҲ˵ģǰңǰΪΪΰճСҶǹʦҵС㣬Ȼةǧ֮ϡ
׷˺һӣ˸ͷٶվţؿҪšŮһͦأžţչԼ̬
ڳǰҶĽһһĬĬվţãΪԵ̬ʱǣԲ뵽һǻõѣ໥֣໥ۣͬͷ
ѡĵһҪΣ̫ߵĲҪ̫ĲҪֵ̫ĲҪ̫ݵĲҪ̫ƵĲҪ̫ڵĲҪ̫ĲҪ̫ƯģȻҪ
βֻǰòҲÿֵһŮҪȽһ¹ֵ̫ĲҪ̫ĲҪ̫ɳƵĲҪ̫ͳĲҪ̫߿ĲҪ̫ĲҪֻҪºͺϸϸġ
¹ߵҶԱ߿һȦȻ˵ҶͳýСȴҪһϷСŮǸ߳ͷ
Сã
¹ЦҰƤӣʴ˸
תĽԱߣ¹ûֱӴ˸ţҪˣ˵ġ
Ůʵʲһģεúܡ
¹˵۹ǿǺ޵ģһСŮϧͷ˵㣬⾫ĵ˸ɵ٣ȥġֻϧ˵¹Ļ۽𾦣Ǳҡҡͷ˸档СʱỨӵؿ뿪ˡ
ѾСŮȻǻϲصģоͨĵ·ǰ˼֡ЩڵȴſŮȴֵĽĶ˲
߹ȥһƬݺ¹¹¹
¹һ·ţÿŮֻһ䣬ƳһֻۣЩرɫĲܵõ¹ʶ࿴ۡСŮǶʹ˻ĽҪ¹ע⣬۵ģһЦģװߵģɫ΢һߵġ
ԽߵԽܹ࣬µĺ١ȻҲһЩƽӹıЩ֮ǰúõģϵĺɰ㡣ÿѡŮ¹һʴ죬µĶҲǹﲻĵĹءŮվ߲˶Զûؾͻᱻ̭ˡ
ֻʣĶʮˣ¹һҲʵ۵òᣬֻŸϿ˺ûȥϢͻȻ¹ǰһְ·ϳ˼ҵ˶һЦСĸζ˼
ϵᣬֻ¼ǡлϣ濡
Թģụ̃ڼڼҵλʮֵ¡ʹǮÿ춼ݼȴܱƲ𣬸˵ļ˵Ĺ빬ˡ

¹ΧлתһȦסҰ죺ˣ
ع濶ʮˡл΢΢һ׵Сһ˫̶ˮĴ۾١
ͦͦСӣǵС졣û뵽һ˼Ҳôµ˶
áá¹Цŵ˵ͷϻ˸Ĺ
һԤѡٶŮˢһ࣬ʣµĸٮٮеϳˣ˴˼䰵ȽϹţԶѰŶλԼʤм֡ڻǿԷɵʱΪžǸΪϸĵڶԤѡ
ŮŶ񸮺ãеһŷмһŹźӣŰ˸ḻ֣㵽ŮΪϸµļ顣
ڶҪ壬ŮҪϵ·ȫˣɰ˸ַǷǴ֮ƤǷ⻬ް̺Ƥְ̥Լ޿ڳųȵȵһϵĿ
һֽˢµ˸࣬Ҫ׷覴ãʹСָͷи֥İ̶ԡ
Ҷһģһ뵽Ҫ·ȥһͷƤ飬ƵҪ۾ҧţȴԼͷ˵ˡҶæ·ͷҲص˳ȥ
ͷֳ˰ΣԱߵô죿
ǻȦɣϾǸôõӣϧˣǵӶɡԱһֵ
ǾôŰɡ
Ҷֺ滭˸Ȧд÷ɰɫ̥һö
ѡŮ³ҲкԻһ棬˵ϵ̥úͲ覴ãɫˣһ棬һλᡣ
ҶӣͬؿһḶ̌Ľ̺һһںֵش˽ȥʵҲĵһڡ
ڶּʱ࣬ԺﾲĵģһСŮǶǺȥվԺصȴŽ
һ˵Ҫȥһ£ȼţӺ˳ȥ￴һȦûˣĹһεСŲҴҵȥˡ
԰ĵ޵Ŀã㣬Ũҷ
ɿ׼ˣӦһ˫ֽץŰȹڣ΢΢زš
ūǧȷһָ״Сɰɫ÷̥ǡֹػص
ӦΣ֪ˣȥֻ˰ɡ
ūί
ܺԼ졣Ӧ΢΢Ƴһۣ
ūס˵һִҴҵȥˡ
罥شˣӦˮͤʯϣɴȹڷ˺ŷǱӿѪˡ
磬ҵǵˡˮ䣬Ӧȴ΢΢ЦǾЦݿȥȴޱ
˺ܶ࣬ɢڵϣչһƬģƵģɫ
һŮϳվԺͷƿ˳һֽǵڶԤѡͨŮ
һţŮﶼǴСģ졣
Ľ̡Ҧ¶СС˾ͽΡл濡
¹ɤһŮֻ֣ܹʮѡģȫ̭ˡ
Ҷ⾹Ȼûѡ
ҲôĻ̧̌üƵЦſҶ⣬ϵĵⲻԶôӮҶ⻹Ĳѡ
ҶҲֿģڶ鷳»Ľһõ΢Ц
Ľ̿ҶЦÿľȻûд̼ʱ²ˬһתͷȥ
ѡŮǿԴظˣʣµĻҪμӵԤѡ̫ҽԺ̫ҽ˿ްǷȵȵȡֻй˵أŵͨԤѡԳΪ̫Сܹ͢ѵˡ
ĽۿҶŻĲӼȥʱƲѣĬĬҪຣ
Ľɢȥ˰ȵ¶ȣ滺ߵƲȾŨīزʵĽɫһۼ̻Ի͵ķ羰˰ա
ʦҶһ·űعžеʦ
ǰҲ֪ڿ黹һҶĽлʱվ߳⣬Щȡ
ʦҶһͣʱ¶һõЦ
͵ǳȣôˣ
ұˢˣҶһĿģЦݴġ֪ҪЩѡ˿޿ػؼȥŮǿ˻᲻ε
ôˢˣЩʵô˵ҶǺܳɫģûѡ
ҶԴһᣬ΢΢¶ϸǣЦŵΪ
ֻϸѩ׵һ÷εɰɫ̥ǣξɫ޺죬ɫļ͹⻬Ө
΢΢һæתͷСѾͷԽԽûˡ
ˢǺһ׮

031

Դĳ˵ĳԺĳĵ˾ҲסˣӪ͸ϻ˻ʹҪȥȷĳ˵Ȩ⡣
˻ʹżһæǰǣȥ
ߵ¡ǰһ񣬿ȥֹġ
˰ֵ˵
Ա߾عŴţԺԵĺһƬ̣ŨŨ񡣴ȣû߼顣
һǼˣʱЦŸһߵˣ
˲Ϻ˵첽߽ݣȻһžͿҶڴϣű飬˯㡣
ҶĬʫĬʱˣһֱҹ˯ȻһľͷϿģſ˯ˡ
һ֧ëҶƤɨţҶüתתͷ˯
˯ӣһӵĻջǣǿԺеǶɢˡѾѡҲûʲôɵĵˡЦЦ¼ϵӸҶϣȻëպīֽд˼仰
С˯ͦɰģûԺô˯ˣ⼸£Ͳˡ³һǰٻڣȥ档
عĴžͿǰ⣬һˣæǰүүһ𡣡
ͷ鷿ȥ룬ֵȥĸ
ָСŮ޼һñïʢĽ߿һˣʱЦվ֣żԺ¡
ĸæʲôأ𣿡ļȣ
ǰˣʹһ衣Цһ̾˿СѾҲĺá
ԭϷˣϰ߱ĸÿڽʱǰۣһһģᷢ顣ǰʱܳ裬һССĲ˿̫ҽҲġÿëʱǼСһһµظĦãʱˣ˺ա
ƽҪЦ
۾ɹָָ̧̫ߵҲȥ̫ѡʺǶֵĺܣҲȥոӡ
˵΢΢Ц۽˵βơ
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΢΢ֱۣˣЦŵɵӡ
һĸоӿͷĸһֱôᣬķжĸھͻůҹóɴСȣַСаǼɫ
΢΢̧ͷܴۡ
һѴɫֽɡסλε⣬ư͵СŮоŲỺسɡҦű̵ĺš
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Ϣˣлִںһ̫ӹӣӻͳһź
ҦɫؽӹУô˵
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үߵµˡǰʾ
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͢ϣϸǵߣִҪȥϡǵ
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صˣǱҲ̻ᣬǻտġǵ
˵ͷǾ鷳ˣҴĸл
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Ҫ˵ڼʵ۶Ҫɵ֡һҴҵ󣬲ۺ񣬻ǰʱǸµ塣誳ʵۻӹܣ͢ƻңƣһɾùƴȨľ档ϼ¢ұҵÿ͢ɾ޶˰ʵ۲˼ȡƫһ硣
ʱһͻ𣬼ϡҽáʥʵ۶µʱۺһ֧֣ʥʵ۶µĹأһʺѡҲҵŮ
ʱǹȥ˶꣬һ弸ȷǼ˥䣬ȴֻʣ˵һ˶ǺüûŮˡǼ˱ΪڴĹҲսûˡ
񼾹ұҵȻǰһУÿϽɵĸ˰ռ˹ʮ֮һξòͳһķѾ棬κһʵ۶뿴ģֻĹأϲȡ϶֮Ҳַϵ棬໥ִ֣塣
˵ô˵ʵһʵûж˼֮£ĪԼҵĶȴҪ˹ţǸʵ۾ܲˡҪǶϣǾͱػ壬
Բǲ룬ǲܡҪ֣ǾͱҪһǶֲɵɡһҲǴĺܣûиĻᡣ˼ĻʵֻǱ滹ǵЦݵʺʺ׼ǵСʺɶʱж
ѾˣĬĬţŴⳤïʢڵһƬį
Ǳɱġ
̫ҽǶ˵үĽʹ˥ߣΪȻ
š
ĴҲ鲻⣬ֻ˵ү΢΢ϣЩ졣
ʱ䡣ҽ飬µҩñϽĲҩڻǱҵˡ
ĲݡҶ״ɫζ޶һ滨ƣͻĶҩʱʹֱӲɫϡ
½ϣĹڸĹǰ죬ģһҪΪ
ѩ׵ĵչ޴ĳڴRѩɽϿĽ쳹½ڣǧĽˮ嫹ıѩԭϷԴƺƵӿǰ򶫷һƬúɽ
һµ䡣
ԪۡΪɱҵĸܰѾôȨջȥ
΢̧ǣ䡣
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032

³һǰٻڡ
ĵļٻޣ࿪šСĵʻĿġΪľˮ֣ѵĽˮʮ೤ǻ̯ͷף涷һʱ侩±һƬĺá
ȫصĻ˶۾ǣݣ⡣ÿĻϻǼǰףӮǰ׵̻֮һʱڣʹܵĹӦʸ
ʱ죬ŻͬʱҲٰһЩʫᣬɧͻ㼯һãŪīʫԡģĺʱ˵࣬˸Ϊ
ĹѡƶȻǺľټƣȨ߶ȼᣬƽҪɻڴǱȵ컹ѡϰҪ뵱پҪһӾӪǰԼǸ£Ҳ³Կ໹ҪãҪ뵱ĹǾ͸ϼѣҪʱʱϼСʫӵϣǴе˶ˣһСıٵˣҲᷢľټһ¡
ʫϳͻõϻĻ᳤Ƽܵõʶ볯Ϊˡ
ɫģһƬ֣ҵ̻ؾͳ̯ˣæµذڷŻ辰۵λ÷ԼֲĲƷ
Ҷ糿ʱǱѵģΰεģҪĳ˻
Ҷ˵ǽٻڣʦҪȥ棬ҲˡСѾͷһֱ˷״̬ੲݵģԳˣôܲġ
һæһҶ⻹û𴲶ʱͼҶҡ˸תͲѸҹ³ˡ
󼱼ʰһͨǳʱһˡ
Ѻ⣬һҶ⻹˸ݣȴҲûа취ֻܹҶⲻ顣
ꤵǰţһ͵˻ʳǴϡǰ̫ˣ߲һֻţҲ÷ơ
ˮ϶ݵĵطɽ˺ģһͱˣ浹΢һЩʱС紵ţ˿˿ˬ󣬶ŵɡһʱģƵģ̵ģַǷ
Ҷһһ߼˷￴ЩҷĻݣиûʵĵ˵ľͷײõĿաҷŵĺЦֵĺ캣ġ
۵Ѥɫʣ˵۾Ҷ⿴ͦġںҲǼĲˣģ°ĸ©ˡ
ߵϱߵһ̯ǰֻϰڵĶһƣеë׵ģеĸߴϸ˳ļ̣ȥܲϲֻеĶϿˣ䲻ζȴǱһ㡣
ʲôżϵһ裬ʵ
̯ϰ΢΢һЦɻ
ɻ⵹Ǹ֡
⻨Ǵ̣ɲôЦŵ
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ŶʱȤЦʵ֮⣬⻨ô
ϲƯǾȥĵҪ˵ľǾûĸϵ۵ɻ̯ϰһĵ⡣
˵ţ̯ϰվֶһ費ƣָ΢һͰһѾ˺ز嵽ԱװĿջС
ɻǿٿټѵĻûֹ̯ϰ΢΢ĳ
Ե˵ͷ״ÿȥĸһ裬ᶯľĸġһҶ⣬СȫһֱһСظں棬һСıĴ
鵹ǶЩë׵аӼСģָͷСƵС
ʱֻͻȻһĺȲԭǶݵѡǰףͷƺǽĵӮˡҶ⼾һƽڹЩݵ˲ûʲôȥ
ۿɫ磬ֹһᣬ˲ٵϡ⣬СȫӴʱ޲һ˳ֻ֡
ˮϻҡҷһѥɧƾˣңĻ죬ʱʫ˴󷢣һʫƪػ
ߵĽʧȥһҲɢȥˣ׬ĻҲʰ̯ӻؼˡɫذҶһ·ͶˣҪԷ
һתȥֵ¥Ҿ¥ʵǺãڵıؿζ첻Ծûš
Сڵ˶¥ȥͿҲڣˣʾ⡣
ЦЦҶϯСȫҲһЪϢȥˡ
ҶǸһſϯ仹һˣһаȷһ˫ǵһЦؿҶʱЩ㶣ûһ˿Ư۷棬ŮӻҪ֡һգգЦԽӺÿ
ǵλлҵһλѡ
λһߵˣŵ´лˡл΢΢һЦÿһ۴Ҷ˻һ߹ʩ
Ҳ΢΢һЦлӴǾ
⻰˵õ˲֪ԣǲ֪лǾһᱻЦУûʶ
лǸµĳ̣ԹԾ׵˿жһŮֹ֯͵Ľڻȹ۱ǧлһ崫˺üգ˿нĶԪϡʵۻʺ۷һӦ͢νǳлϣ񸮵˾¼඼ǻѾ޶ʽлҹˡ
лĻǼҵĲҵǼҵĴӡл˵λݾɫŮӸÿϽֶ䶯ǧŮӵֻΪһùӷݡλҲԣֻҪ۵ģüһ˾͹Թϻ
ҶҲûУ̩ǵĸһͷǸǻ̲סʱʱлôܳñԼŮĻƯ
лҲǷҶһֱڿһ˫һ΢΢һУЦŵλôƺ
ҶЩϣصҶ⣬лˡ
лһҶ⣬ۺϷʡ
֪лкιɣʵ
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ҡͷû۸δ
˵лл濣ҶʱμԤѡʱģˮСͦÿֻԶƯ
ҹɫԽˣҹƳϣԵĽˮһֻֻƻͨ΢ˮϵӳ߲ĵӰ
һԣǰϣܰҹһƬš
ôˣҦ齱ߣִϣӳŵƻһСŮСĵعһΪҦᴷ˫ȡ
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С㣬Щ׾СͶ˵ģֱӽѡ¹ֺõ
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ѡʽˣСŮææµµĶһƬּֽ裬ٵĸ٣Ҫֳõ״̬
ҶĽȴһ飬ŻҵģԽԽûס
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ҶæǰȥһС̫˺һߡ
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ڵҹȼܵĴ𣬴ǰԺյ˺ԺӺԺյ᷿ʧĴţһƬӵĿ޺һӶɫ׵ʿ־Żѣ
Ͽ쵽ȥϣ߿ߣһļ́߷һȴŶµˡ
ص˻ƣŴûһ۵ĽͷӢʿ΢΢һֻС֣Ứ
ôˣ˺òãһСװСŮһ˫Ĵ۾̧СĨϵˮ
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Ҷ˯ţΪˣſ˯ģͷ΢΢ϸܵĺ顣
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Ҷںһӣʱ淢˷ı仯мĸǽƵˣӶǺȴʧһƬٲƽ⡣

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ΪֻǼ˸Сؤ
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Ϊ롣ΪԸΪ̡Ϊᡣ
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еЩԪ۲ûжԻ˵Ϊ˶ӣίԼҲãǱϺͿҲҪҪǣҪ֤ԺĽɽȹ̣Լʮ궼ڻλսսˡ
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ҹģ䣬ּﻨ㣬ֻӰķŷɹ˻ԣԵĳɫ·ŵӫ⣬ԽԽԶؿˡ
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صĹܣɫ·źĹ⣬ӰһɫӰĵǱš
⿴ǸģĺӰһ󸹷̣ܰݶҲˤ㣡
ıﻵˣҶѯһϣСŮģû취
Ҷ͢ûΣգүģͺú÷ſİɡ
΢΢Ŵ̾˿һ˼
ҹǿһƬ貣ҫ籦ʯһ㣬Ƶӱߡ
ɽһ۵éݷһֲµھߴˮ·ȻƣȴȻڲסӢͦεĿʡ
ľͰڵϻ˼Σ΢΢һˮ
͢ˮͰȥߵӷ˸ʱоһˬڲʯϰʯʯӵģͷǻҳ
ҹģݴچţ͢šëߵԺֲ˰˶ëϡ
Ȼ͢΢һüĿƳұߵĲݶ⣺˭
ﾲĵģˣûһ˿졣
͢˳ֳһϸͣŲƽ˲ݶ⡣
һ˿Ľţ΢΢һ
͢ü΢̧ϵͣȻҪݶ󷽴ȥ
ҪҪ
ݶŵ˺Ȼ侪̵˳͢ʱһ
㣿
ɯСίֲ͢˹Ƶġ
˵ԽԽСӺߺƵġ
ôˣ͢üʵϵȻ
ҡңɯ֧˰죬ۿһ죬ʱͿ
͢΢΢ǰһŬʲôҪˡ
ɯԹԵؿ޵𾢡
͢㶵վһԣ֪ôá
ҪҼ޸¡»Ҳޣ˳ɯһ߿һʵҡûطȥҡ㣬˵㱻ᵽˣҾһ·һ·˹
͢ɫһͦüԽӽŷ֣ɯһȹǲƲѥǳ
еӵһߣ͢ҿ˿εﲻĵط첻ס°ɣһߡ
ɯĨĨϵˮһСҲߡ
͢һ٣û߽
ܼªÿķ˶ֻһéݷ⻹ͷԸҪúչ˵ģֵһСԺéݷ
ԱһͰĲݷѻеĲݷҲǰһŷһƾɵľѾˡ
̨͢ϵͲ࣬ƽơ
ɡ͢
ɯͷĬĬ˽Сĵűվš
͢ѻƵƻ̨˵˴ߵĴ̨ϣתɯûӣкܶó棬Ƚһɣϲš
˵ͳȥ
ȥģɯ˫ۣ
͢˵ͷҲص߽Ա߷éݡ
ɯĬĬؿһᣬ΢΢̾˿Źˡ
ڵİ裬ǼªӶûУȥӲӲѵûšŵĴֲǺܸɾģһɹζů
ɯ۾һµıߣÿĵģڷǾ뼫ˡ
ҹģĵĳߴߴģ౵ģ¹һֻĴ
ɯ΢΢˸Ƿ硣
ɫδϹĺѾˡ
͢ϴֲӣ췢ǽ˯һϣʹ
ߵſڵˮͰϴ˰͢ȻԱﻹиˡ
ߵԺ峿һᣬӵĲһ󵭽ɫĿ
мĲŻû͢ߵһߵĴǰ˿ֻɯССһţ˯šϸĽëųһ΢΢ط࣬Ҳ֪жûкú˯ˡ
͢Ҫôӣַ
΢΢̾˿ת߳ԺӣϹȥˡ

045

꣬⼸̨ŰȻںߣԾǽźݣҲܵЩӰ졣
͢ŷݶѹשߣҹģ˯˯©ɯ΢΢Щ纮͢Ĺڴϣһ߷ﱻϴ˵·
ϵĹǰ򵽵һֻɽĹͷĥɵģԭϵŮǷ·õĹ롣廨۸񰺹󣬲˶õġ߾˾˽½Ƿģֻа뺵ĺ²˲ڱ߳ﾭƥƤݵﻻȡ˿ҶߵȾϸͬʱҪ˰
ڲԭϣһƥ˿Իȡʮƥ廨ܻСţƤȻ۸ʮֲƣÿÿһͻᱻһգȥֻܵ´ˡ
ȻǵɯС²Ǹ·ϣҪǽ˷纮״̬ãûаѸˮƽӳֻɫĹһŤŤĲҵģ·ԡ
͢ݶͰϴϴ֣һ̧ͷɯ·̲סһ󶶶Լء
ɯȻôΪĵ͢Կòã͢æһѣ˵žͺܺá
ԽԽͷǲóҲֵЪšֻǲɻÿֻһٷԣܶ˿סˣҲû˹ܣһͱϳȥҷظӵˡû˸ҷصıͷһȥ͵Ժиµġ
ոѹʵݶֱƷһǣ©ɫХıԽĴעûһƬˮ
ѽɯȻСһĨĨ棬һˮֱϣ©ˣ
˵꣬İéݶͻһ͢ۼֿ죬һɯһߡ
ɯûӦô¾ͷײ͢ײ÷ᡣ
͢ɯϸͷһ˫ɵĴ۾ͦСӣ΢Ө˫̲סһջ󣬻ؿȻ͢Ȼתͷɿʵ΢΢죬һΡ
ɯȻ仵һЦ͢ĲӾһڡ
͢һ㶣ʱ˸
ɯŲӾͲˣ۾͢Цеǲϲѽ
͢ɫˣæְɯֱ۳΢΢˿һ͢ð¡
ɯüһһϲϲϲͲϲǺ˹󷽣ŲԭôŤأߣ
ȥݶ͢΢΢һԱ߲Ƶɡͳ⡣
СЩɫǻѹѹһƬͷ¡ɯȴĺãһɡվڵϸ͢שߣһʱʱصϷϷСԴӷܺ͢õŵԺɯҵӡ
æȻવ͢΢һüæݶɯص˷éɯãϵݸ
ų͢ߵԺդű΢΢ţֻԶһӺ¶ľ߹ǰ滹вʯϵıͷ·
͢ľդ˳ȥ·ıͷæһЦػعͷȥ£˵ˣ͢סǶ
͢ϸһֻǰͷĺ¾˺ȻǼʱ΢̧ӭǰȥ
͢Ҳ΢΢һЦһӣĶͣԭأ·ıͷæҾŵŵȥ
ѷñһƣ¶ӢӣҲ㣬һߴǰȥ
Сӣúôôܵˣ͢˼һȭЦ
ЦЦش˻ȥȥ˵
תԺӣʮ¶غ⡣
ô˸ɾĵط
͢Цáôˣ
ڴ̵ģǰЩ緢ܺ˵ǸʸˣҪϺߺžУ˳ӣҾҲԶ˳㡣Цŵһߴֻ͢ɫɹ˼֣ĸʵˡ
Ҳãý鷳͢΢΢һЦһ߽ɯĺܳǼ
˵ͻȻԱߵﹾһ͢ʱһæ˳ȥ
嵽ֻɯСԴֻ۾ģԱһֻɫĴ«ڵ΢΢ҡšԭǰժĹǽϵĺ«ҵɯ
ɯʱһ㶣ô
͢ɫһΣżȥˣʼĩһ飬΢̧¶һЦ⣺Сӣа˼ҵĿˡ
͢ʱһƣ˼һۡ
ɯԴ˳۽䱸ؿżߵ͢վšղ˵ˣ֪ûΣգɯǵþ˴žӴǺ²˵ʱһŭ޺޵ص˼һۡ
ŮֲСżĳˣͲǼ͢ͷŵˡ
һЦϷʵɩǸҼҴϲһģɵúúöСӡ
ɯһüŭؿżСһƬߺ졣
͢һΣûΡ
͢ˣæסЦӻͳһīɫݸ͢үģ̺ţ¾͵ͳɣᰲŵġ
͢΢΢һЦллүĺ⣬ò
һɫ͢˵㣬ܲܲҪôңЧҸȻܸм㣬Ҳ¡
͢΢΢һЦŵ˵ͷ
ɯĬĬվһԣһСǳġ
ˣҪˣٲɩӸˡЦŵעŵ㰡һˣϹ˵ʮҲ˵塣
͢˵ͷתͼȥ
ɯżĻ΢΢üĻ͢ǼͦεıӰﷺ𵭵⡣
ʱ֪͢תһ̣ɯһһǷʮľ
ڶ죬ɯͲˡ
ı꽥ͣЪƹ⽥գ¶һ˿΢âǽɫ⡣
ˢһƬɾյ֣ȴ¸ࡣ
Ҷմγţ·Ǵ¶õ廨޵ĿһƬ
˶ּˡһϤ
Ҷһ̧ͷͿò񻰵лҡһȣһ˫һȻĹ⣬Цؿ
лӣҶЩȡ
˶Һܿİɣл΢΢һЦҡҡϵȣҿ˶Ҳܿġ
Ҷܲǵɵӣл𣿡
Ŷû£Ҫˣ㣬𡣡лһ΢΢һУ˵ѻݸ塣
лҪûҾˡҶ²Ӧǽ£Ժˡ
ãл΢Цǵõ氡ȥ
Ҷ΢΢һתˡ
лıӰ΢΢۾λʦҵСͽܣƺ򵥡

046

Ҧ˯߲ãҹҹΣȥΪ㲣ܰʺ˸飬Է
糿ʳչһźɫʶĽӾͲƵ̧߽ţŮС̫ࡣ
ԷڶʳǱɽŮİɽϣׯ£ƻֺ꣬Ǽʥ֮һֱǽݵĽºɳĮеߡ
ÿ궼кܶ˸ϵʥʥΪΪɳĮУ˼ǵĴ˵״治ڻд졣кܶˣΪһׯϱֻ̤࣬ɳĮѰңûг
˵ɲԷµʢһЩһǴڶǣӽ£λϾ͸߹˼֣ഫģԷµĴ⣬ֻҪ㹻ϣԸһʵ֡
Ƶӻ̧˰ɽԷµһ۵Ĳͣ
ҦڹŮƵĲ´ӽ߳͵ȺһԵСɳæǰ񣬰˸ƻҦһԺȥ
峿ɽﻹƮɢŵɫǽͷһԴ԰ɫĻ֦ҶžӨ¶顣ɫʯСǸʲϻ˺һҶɫѾ΢΢ơԶңң𣬿ɢŵ̴㡣
ľСߵͷһ᷿ӣһɳɳ죬Сɳһȥˡ
ҦŮʹ˸ɫƿ˽ȥ
ưѸŵСŮС̫Ǵˣһڷ⡣
һĸߴӸ
Ҧеһ£΢Цţ
лģ°áڲߵɫһȡ
ѷź˲յϲСţ滹轣¶ʡ
ҦһЦյ΢΢һڣ֮ǰ飬֪ſǵˣ
ֱӣҪһŵ
Ŷô˵ŲҦ΢̧Ƥһ
²ңֻǴ¹ش²òΪɽһӿǣزá²
Ҧһŭֻ֪ƻϺûôöԸϲûбֳ
ҦеĲյ΢΢һЦðɣòóſŲűĳ⡣
˵ŴͳһĻľУһӡ
ŹؽӹǷӡϸһֻһɫͷӡϾϸοžβƣĿ׭ȻǡҦϵ֡
ԭҦĽӡʼҶصοַ½һöü١
˰ɡҦ΢̧ǣ¶һ˿ȻЦ
ŰѽӡСĵװźãվҦһ񣺡ؼɽǲǡ
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΢΢ҡҡͷֳ˿ͳҳֽ
Ҧչҳֽؿϸüë΢΢ԲԲ΢һȣʱһ˿Ĺ⣺µ棿
ǧȷų
ҦüһЦҲ
һֱӦҶǸС˲ͬѰû뵽ֶŮһҶǸͺ޵ҦЦһʲôãҪӦʦ;ȻҲͽⳡϷеĿˣưɡ
ŵһ֮룬Źʦܡ
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ةˣ롣̲ƽôӺӭƿĽ߳
ӺŽȥһСƹһִһţǰԶԶĻͷ˵ĸۡȫģڿȻ٣µͷ
ִˣլӿǹµİͲ±¸βĽЦ
ƽúǺһЦ̬һ󶶶¹ٲŲأɵĻˣԽǰϱ¾ԽϲĸٵĲ̰ʣ̰˶ٶˣ¿Ȼ鷳
Ľü΢¶һЦݣû뵽˾뷨ò˵ȷʵǸˡ
뵱ڼһҹ֮񻰵˾괺ƽ÷һյܽعƸܰʺֵ˻ʺĻġԪһˣһҹ֮䣬ƽôһСС̲λӣһʮꡣ
˵ԪۺܰʺʱÿԪܰʺҲԪ۵ͻյܽعƸ档û뵽ƽþȻôĻϢڵĳϻĻƶһ˿ܰʺܶˣټĹƣܰʺôܲ
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̴ľҡϰһλͷߣ۾ƺ˯ˡ
ĽݼĽ
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ةˣƽüǿ
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̴ľҡ΢΢ҡţһƬã׷߻۾ڵ۾ҫĹâ
⻰Ǻ⣿˵ʵ
Ҫ˵𣿡Ľ΢΢ЦǱգˣٰʷNʮһһ죬ȺʱֹԴš
ŶӦóƺˣĻҪ˵𣿡Ľ
ɫ΢΢һҪʲô
Ľһ£ռԣһԡ
ʲô
Ľ΢΢һЦµȥ
΢̧ƤĽһۣЦˡ㲻ˡ
˵þáĽϬĿ⾼ֻҪ㰴˵İ졣
ٵǴ󱦣΢΢һݡ
⵹ǣĽȻţҳ֮١ĽһЦҪһռǣ˵̫ӵǾޱΪλĲѡؽ̴ң¶
ԭǴ⣬΢΢һӣȰһ䣬вԱС
ͲˣҲһ䣬͢СȫȲȣͿˡĽվӣ˳ȥ
ƽøںҲųȥˣְ
ְĬĬţıӰȥһ㲡
뵽͢΢΢۾ǵһ˿⣬̧ͷŴգһƬ˼С
ĺɫĺϣܲһ꣬Ҫˡ

047

ɫģǦɫƣѹѹһƬûһ˿硣
ⳡţһֱû
ҶԲһңĹ߻ҪһЩ
ѽǸ˭ѽŹ˹ҶһһߵϸģЦ
ҶƤ̧һ£ϵĻƽǱȤϰˡ
ȥĶˣһ˻ûҲԲԱߣ֦Ҷ
ҶµԲԲĺˣЦʦȥةฮϸȥˣҪЩ
ص˸ɳȿϱһأȻٳ԰ɡ
˵ŻŵС̫һСŮ߽
ҶС㣬ںСŮǰһ񣬡̫ӵҶС̣Сū澵ȥһˡ
̫ӵ£Ҷһɻ벻ʲô¡
ۿһʣ깤ˣҶӿϵĶһߵȻȥɣ̫ӵ˵͵
СŮһȥæվȥʰͷ
ķƯƯĴһﴩźȣҶͼ첻Ϻúô·ƽعﵹ޷Ҫȥã´ߴҶ⻻ϲɴȹ۳һͷ
̫ӶعԶֱֱ԰ҪתһȲŵ
ҶⲻţܾﲻԾ˵˵
Сں棬תǰ̫Ӷ
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ȻȻѿֱֱǰȥϱǳĸ߸Χǽֱֱײȥͷײʱصһ죬ϸӻίڵأȥںصĹǽһĿĵİѪ
ҶʱѾˡ񸮵˻ûһȺŮ̫ԶԶؿС۷׷ס
飬飡ҶͨһڵϣָѪӣֲòʹ
ϣͷʵ˵ֻʣƵİǻ˻
鱧ڻ̲ס˻ҵĿԱߵĹŮ̫Ҳɵñ̾Ϣ
˭˭Ҷ˻ƣתͷѪ⣬ָָһȺΧ۵ˣȵǲ㣿㣿
Ů̫æڵϿͷҴһǰѺ͵С̫嶶ɸĺҶˮشЦϵָǶģѪһһν䡣
͸ʱҶѾӽ·ȫϣŤһС̫࣬һȭһȭȥͷƴһ㡣
Ҷ⣡סֱ۰Ϻ󼸲Ӱ
Ҷ͵Ժһ˿Ҳˣ˻޺ţҪ飡黹ңң
סΣĬĬڵϵ飬ϸüһƬɱ
飡Ҷ޵Ѫ죬ӶŤΡ
Ҷ⣡侲һ㣡Ŭŭ𣬳ǳ⡣
Ҷһҧϣεˮ̹̣һ˿һ˿Ѫ
к¡һһըѿʯ䣬ͷ˶յıˡ
̵꣬ˮУ̵ѪȵζҶ۾ٿ޲һ˿졣
ᱧʬ壬ҶһһԶȥˡ
ˢ˴ѪĹǽѪɫɢʧһ˿ۼ

048

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һɫӰϢǱԺʯɽ̨ͤ¥鿵ĺ԰Ų͡¥
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ү鷿Ǽϲ￴飬һһһһ硣
ƿţȻбǰһֻëպī
¸δְܾү𷣣ϥڵϵͷ
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үҶСѾ̫߱ӳҹȻײǽˣδ˶²֣δܱȫү𷣣
̫ӣü΢һ˸СѾߣԺ󿴽㡣
СġĬĬͷڵϡ
Ǳһ٣΢΢̧ͷ׵ɫһ±վߡ
һᡣ

ٵһɫ׺һ·ҴҵʹȥһӺ汼ǰ˽Ӵֱ
»𼱻ǵػޣû뵽뿪һվͳ⵵£Ҳ˲ϿղļҵĽӣûԽǡ
ϱսϳˣ߹شս˵ߵ¼սˣԲѡ´󾪣ϻؾӪ̽Ϣ׼ʵȥǰ֧Ԯ˭뵽ûͳˣƽĺúõһ˾ôûˣǸ̾ү컯޳
˻ʹżԾͳﱼȥֻعĴŰţʯ̨ɢżƬ΢ƵҶӣȥһ
ƿ˽ȥƽŵġɨС̫ǶڣԺﾲĵġһѰʱҪúչҶС㣬û뵽Ȼ¡һ£ҶСû£ʮͷҲ¿ġ
¹꣬ϸʯС·ϿӿݵػˮλεصӳŻҰա
ҶĬĬ£ϥϱССط㶡ǻǰٻʱӻһ·ģһдëһжë˵ҶĽдëҶĽжëҪëͶë˭ȿëĴ̨ϣëҶĴ̨ϣֻëڣȴѾˡ
飬˵ëûôˣ
Ҷ㶵ؿŻĴëë׵ԴأԳôд䡣
С㡣ʱҶڷ㶣ĬĬվһ
Ҷ΢΢̧ͷ⣬һֵͷûд𻰡
֣ﵥϥ£С㣬µĴûбСС𷣣ܸСڰ
û죬һأ֪ҪαԼΣ֪ҪΰοҶ⣬Ҳ֪òðѵڱ߹˻ԵϢ
㡣ɼ䣬Ҷ⵭߰ɡ
˵վɻĬĬ߽š
üͷƬתĬĬ˳ȥ
·Ҷճʪʪĵϣ΢΢طơ
үعû߼Ϳӭ߹²ɵһȣæͷ
ĬĬ˵ͷɫÿüë΢΢һɿɲ졣
Ϣˣǵʵ
ү֪ǷˣҪȥ裬΢΢ͷһֿۣǣҶС㻹үչˣº²ʤм
ֲźۼüĳط̫
΢΢һۣȥɣбǵ£ౣء
лүһ񣬺ˡ
ĬĬȰڵţշתŲӣĿ⾲Զ׵ɫһĮ
үȥ𣿡һʵ
ǲ΢΢˿ĴţջĿ⣬鷿ȥ
Ԫʮ¶ʮߣ̫Ӽ󹬣ܣ̫֮λ
ɣվŻʵ۵ּ⣬߳ɤڴϻ졣Ƕδ⣬¯ѬһƬڵĺů֮⡣
վЩȴֳأ׹߰㺮䡣
ĽĬĬվţһĲϸС߻ô࣬ıôãû뵽ȴôڹϳ˲ӣ̫ѽ̫ӣ̫ˡ
̲ƽ۳ةɫãҲɫ
ٍ˾ͽͬΪٵıֶֵֿ˻ĽһĿ⣬µǸǰ;ʲô̫Ӳ̫ӵģһ仰¶
˵ǰھﲢ㲻ʲôŴ󻧣ֻȱĺãͶҦƽΪʳǵĴ֮һϡҦϡ֮
ʲô˵Ԫ۸ϣɫأͳ
ڵֿһͷ֪޻˵
ͣӼڶѺû޵ͣκ˲ýӼԪȥ
߽Сؼȥ
ǶĬĬվţȥ۹۱Ǳǹĵģ쳣ȴһƬİӿĽɫ
½ϵ̫ڶƵȥⲻԵĻ˻ռڶߣлȥܰʺĻӣôܲ˾죬û׼̫ء
ĽƤһ̧ɫʱ΢΢ҲЩסԪ۵һ֮ˣܰʺΨһĶӣߴСģĻܲԪôܲƫ
ֻôЩ̫ӼһֱӻģȵԪ۶ЩˣͷӺ߻ӵĹעϾͿԿ
ĽС࣬Ȼܹƽжô֮ס񼾹۰£ŵҪսң޷õƾ͵ǰڴһʥ֮ȥһ̫ƽʢ
ԪȻˣҪסĽɽ´ѡʮּȡ
ĻҰĲ߻³ç嶯ԶΪһĺѡ̫ӼȻûжĻʤԸغ񵭳ȣһʥĺѡɽؽɽѣֻʴȵľغ赽ɽ츣°գ
ԪܶΣԪ۲ǲţҲȫšһԻ˭Ҳұ֤зҷֻǼҶѣоĵı룬̫ƽʢԪ۱һۣСȨı涷ճһǧŵŶһɳϻʵҲޱ꣬Ҷģ֪ôɽϣڴǧŻҵ᲻
Ѻ»ԶˣջĿ⣬һʱһƬ͹ʦûϳزɽɥȥˡ
ּС·ѻ˱һҶסڵĵ棬סЩʵĵĮı˵Ĺ콥ߵĩңµȻ˿Ŵأ˿˿⻹΢нɪɪ
ǻģֻʣôһССƿ
ĸ߹ٹƽͷյȼɭϣֻݸ߹˲ʵ¡صᣬװѣһͨ˶ʵлģһѻոɾ˵Ҫһ¡صᣬĹͽڲɽɽϵĹ԰Ҷҡҡͷܾˣ˶ˣʬʲôã˺ãӴ˸ɸɾģǣ޹ң±Ͷ̥ת˼ңҪôࡣ
ƺƵĽˮǰӿţǰϸС˻䣬ڱ̲ˮĲơ
ţ޳ӰĬĬһԣűӿĽˮüһƬĸл
ҶĬĬƿͳһһѵˮϣ뵽ڵĽˮţҲˡ
һˮǻûסߣǣ򢣬׹ϵĽˮ
飬ĵ߰ɣһչ˺ԼҲչ˺ʦдëҲҪúչԼ˾Ц˾ͿޣҪίԼҪ¸ңҪǿһԶ㣬ԸܹƽҸ
Ľˮǰͣ޶ϾӲΪͣ಻ʱ⵹תصǰ
߰ɡҶļ¶еӡҲǳ
Ҷ⿴һʹĬĬͷ
˫һԶԶվţСȻûм飬ʦҶ޵ôģҲܡ
ӱϵķ罥ͺҶ⻺ţ˫ȺԣҶ۾ż˫΢һͷ
˫̧̧ǣ¶һοЦݣǣͺҶС
һҶⷭأǷȥ
˫ĬĬؿ˽ԶȥˣҶСɵӰ棬תָ𡣼˫ҲĬĬػӻ֣һпǰûҶȴ仯˺ܶ࣬ǰǵݣȴ˿ˣССô¶ôɣ飬²̡
µĬĬվڲԴɰֱߣڷз䣵ܻ̫ᣬܲǷݳȻʱĸпֻ˻ȴ֪ǲ׺ɣ˷ǡ
ͰҶͻػʹתȥةฮҶһ·ţֻýŲֳء
ټعԽտûˡ
û˻Żȥû˻ੲݵغ߶û˻ЦҹҡСȸӣû˻ڳһֻΪ˸ѪĺԲҲû˻ŤСϸض˵Ҷ㳤Ŷ
Ҳûˡ
Ǻɲ׺ֻǺͷѾû˵ȴ
鲻ڣعҲˡ
Ҷ̧ĨԵˮԼʲôʱôˡƺǴСѧԺû޹ˣΪûʲôɿ޵ġǵû˻գֱȥϢʱסˣͷˢر˸ɫ㲻ʶˣǸΰɣ֪Լ˶ãǵĸױ˵飬ҲˡĸǸϸˣûôļǿҪǿӴԺҶû޹ڹ˾ۣûԹΪ޴Թ
ܶĸױԹǻѳܣܶѱԹʵ̫ĮҶȻ䷢֣ܹ¶
ԺҲҲãջǰΪǣңΪʦΪΪܶˡһʦֻصǰǡ
̫̣һת۾ͶĿ
Ҷ̧ͷïܵڴԣһҶɳɳڷд˸ҡҷƮ䵽ϣƵɫûǲ
ˣʵǲƷ׸ߵĴŮعźƺܲһ̫ӱˣһĽ»ܰݣ
ҶüͷŬҧأȻɱ̫ӶȥҪΪָ˵ҪǸ¹֪һʲôڡôû뵽ȥʱļȻɳ

049

̩鷿ʱ׼ȥ顣תȣŰʯû߼һɵüתȥ
̫ӶĴſɭϣĸվãܻѲߵĶ飬ʱΧ̲Ѳߣ̽
ҶѿһֻԼ첲Ĵ֣ŭҽȥҵѾĿѵʸ𣿷ҽȥ
ûбͣκ˲ý룡Сذɣ
Ҷⲻƿǰĳìǰȥ
󵨣˭˵
һǳ⣬һһɫ׵ľ߳ԭǻʳָӹͳ졣һҶ⣬ڹҲεģ֪ǹʦϵˣɫ֣Ż
С㻹ذɣǶű£¿ɵ𡣡
ҶվסŲ۾Źͭš
һ׵ľվһɫԥôվܲǸ취Ҫֲңز֪ôá
̩Ҷۿ̾ǰȥҶߡ
Ҷ㶵ظں棬Ҳ֪Ҫߵȥ
⻹ʶǸҶ𣿡̩ͳ˵
Ҷû˵һ·ĬĬظߵ̲ԡ
Զϸ˵ĺ棬̩ͣ²ӣɫһͳ
Ҷźߵһؿžĺ棬ãڵʶҶʲô
̩תͷʶҶ⣬ܼǿ¸ңڴºȥһʶСڿΪ֤ԼĹ۵ڽӵƵʱ𷴻䡣
һᣬ̧ۿ ҶʵۿֵʶҶ⣬ٲ޿䡣
˵ãһ˵֮£Ҷ̺þõˮôһʰ
ҶͲܿҶֻʲôţҶ⺬ᣬȴһ˿ɱЦ⣬ƾʲô
תͷż̩ҶѹЦƾǻ𣿡
һ˿ŭһ̩Ŀվʲôû˵
ҶЦһת ûٿ
Խôãһθоֿɭ͹¶Ǹеķ⽨ʱպջϣͨ˵ݽһĲֵǮ
***
ߵϦ³ɫĹâҫ΢ԵˮϣŲƵҡҷ
Ȼһˤ춯ƽҦ¶ˤ ûϵĲݺݵҵϡ
СŮһɪɪ̫Ϣŭ̫Ϣŭ
̫̫Ķ̫Ҧ¶һһ޺޵һ롣
߽һصѩƬСŮӻ֣ȥ
СŮæͷɴһ㼲ȥ
ô ߵһ£Ҧ¶ʵ
Ҧ¶Ĩᣬߵ齱߸һ񣺡ص£ʧ̬ 
Ҧ¶齱£̧ĨԵˮúõô 
Ǹͳ죡Ҧ¶ǰһЦʧϻȥ԰תһת徻徻ҳȥ 
˵ջ޺޵ػӻСȭͷ
΢΢һ˿Ц¶ܿ 
Ҧ¶ʱǴεˮֵ£ǵ໤¶ ¶Բ¡
ҡͷ㡣ܻҲ㲻
Ҧ¶Ҧʱһ޵û뵽Ǹĸ˾飬ȻҪء
˵﷢һȻɺϡ
Ҧ¶л˽޼䵹ҲҦ¶ȻƢ𱬵㣬ǼǶֱ׵ΪϲҦ¶ҲǸ̫̫Ҳÿ˯Ҫһβ裬̫ǽ֮Ҧ¶ÿΪƲβ衣
Ҧ¶Ϊβ裬 䣬Ҧ¶л濺ȥ԰ͻȥ  β׼鷿飬ͻȻһʣ׼̫ҽȻԴһȵͷͻȥʱ㿴ˣƺҶСѾߣֻоȣһ嶯˰ 
ٺô ֻû뵽ǸСѾ߾Ȼײǽ һڣûб
ﳳԪۺܰʺ ѯʵô¡̫ҽ˵̫ӵߣƺǷһҩԼõģûаѱҩ˵ΪǲβҦ¶ġǣڹʹҩǿһԪ۵ŭܰʺĿధ˷ ̫Ӷ׼䡣
ȥ̫֮λҦ¶һߺޣҫ̫û죬תͱɽһжǰҦͣҦ¶ŭ㣬ĵһҪǸźÿ
ôӣ޿޲ɵģûǸ̫ӵĳƺţɺܶࡣСĽ뼵ʵ۹гһбɺܴѹܲɡ
ֵǱͲ࣬ǻǶԼӲһ档ߵǼһСϻ̳Ͽֵӣһ˿ð
ǸʶܺãǺƫĻһ굽ͷһ棬ȴڸʵϸŸʶ塣һֱóҲһСһһڸʵϣܰʺЦһԣһ̸˵Цڡ
ֱһ죬ޥ˵Ľ£ССѥˮذţ̫ӵ·ģûȥеĶӡת ʣԪֻüͷתԸ̫ҽȥ˵ ǸװЦǳǳĶ Ϣʱɵû´£ĺ͸ȫĵԸʺӴԺҲøʱ ԶԶضţϻ̳Ͽ֣ջۣҲսԶ 
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ҹǹⰵбڶߡܰϼֻҡҷһƬš
ͳһɣСŮһ齱ߣȰ
Ȼһֻӹ룬һ̧ͷԪۣʱ΢΢һЦһȥ 
Ԫ齱ߣӽðࣺô޵ء
ܰʺűĿһԪ˵΢΢Ǳ 
Ԫ۷ܰʺҨ һС͵ܰʺߣһЦŵԵ㶫ѽ
ܰʺ̲סһЦûа취ֻſڳȥ
Ȼ֪Դϲ޵ĶԼ𣿡
ܰʺĬĬسû˵ãʵǱΪβãδʧʡ
ԼϱȻ뱣ʲôˣֻǴ¾ûô򵥡Ԫ΢΢̾ȥ̫֮λΪһҲ˳ˮۣڶﱣȫ
ܰʺƶǶı飬Ԫ۵һЦιࡣкܶջû˵ΪġʺǱ軵 һն񶼲˵ںＸʮҲɳ٣ܻ򵥣ҲοģҪľԼŮ쿪ĵعӣں󹬵ȷѪĶǣ޷԰Ρ
ҡҷߵƺǲֹһ
Ҧб齱ߣϺݺݵӲһָס
ǸˣҦ޺޵Ǹ̫ӣǸûõͷ
Ѫ Ůæҩ䣬óѩ׵ɴҦϸʳָ
ɽǱϢ𣿡Ҧƺһ㶼ûиоʹҫźĹ⡣
Ƶͷػص˵ һжڼƻУġ
ôģ
̫Ѿ ʬҲ û˻ᷢ֡Ƶص
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˵ҩµβ߼޻Ҧ¶ϣ˭벻ĸں˻Ҳ˵ڡŲҦ¶ǸСˣǰĵ·ֿࡣ
Ҧ̴ž죬ֻǧ㣬û뵽С̫ྐྵȻϴ ˣû뵽̫ӼǸȻԷҩ﹩ϲΤӰæ죬øˮһաҶǸСһ¶ûУҦ¶ȻҲӹһ٣ǱԪڶֿɾ 
ﲻعū澿˵Ǹûᡣ۹һҦ΢΢һЦ
˻΢УҦ˼
ǰѴ»˵̫ӵʦҵС㣬ǹʦҵС㹴̫ӵ¡Ȼ˽˵ʵҶСաӦһСı ô룿
Ӧ
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ˣƽһЦ̫ӱ ϵĴƾ±Ȼúáǿǡ 
˵ǿǣصؼҦϻһ˿Ц⡣
Ǳߵˣǻ顣Ҧ۾΢΢һЦַ̧Ź齱ߵĻվ ָָԱߵգɡ
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ҦͻƽһɫƻߵǰŴ ְϨһ룬ֻڽ ֧ߵ󴰱 ȡ
һɫҹµӷԾ׹ڵ£¼
Ҧӻ֣ɡ
лվʵİӰ
״ʲôţҦֱӣʵ
¶ڹ򲻿ǰ֮ʵ޴䣬ͳ
Ҧɫ̫ÿסŭأ
˵ϱߵ² ʱ ú׼׼
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Ҧͷ
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غôȣߵԱҪ Ǳ費Ҫǵˣ
 Ҧüͷڰ֣Ѿ˨һϣġ
ƵͷֳҪȥɱֻ͢͹ʦס 
ҦߵһЦûʶĻ졣
ĬĬ
ɫʣҹһƬʪʪ⡣
ưӿڰ£죬ȫˡ

050

Ĺؽɫˬ죬ϹȴͣһƬյ
ʳﾲģûһ˿磬ȵ·һĹ⽣ڽɫĶϽŹͻӡҵսѾϨ ֻʣƵĺڰգ˵ЩĹ
Ļʳžսңÿսչ֮ĴĿ꣬ǹһƬءϹϸ裬ȻȴйĲ񣬾͵ҰһҰȻֲסҰ𣬵ֲס̤Ұչɷѿļ̤ûʲôܹ赲ǶȰɵ
λεֱֱŴأȵҪһж͸һ㣬˿˿Ľ֮⡣Ҷңϻɡֻд̵İŽҡҶ硣
ʱһĵ磬ɴʴǳɫĻڵȵ˳ɴʺο̵Ŀͭ裬ıмڻţһƬˬ⡣
ſڣֻɤǻɵð̣һɳơ
һ΢΢ѾһԵĺСŮƿһ̽ һۣʱϲ
΢̧Ƥ һۣСŮܻ飬һֻյżǳǳغ һˮ
ıˮʱоȵķθƽһ泩
һյˮȫ СŮ΢΢һЦʾмСŮʱһ죬һЦյ ȥ
΢΢Ÿоظһʹһоɴţ±߲һ·»ұ²ࡣ
ֻǵûԵǰһһĿ׺Ϻųɱֻӳеĳͦһĳһǰ׺⣬ȴһԲԲ۾˼ؿһһĳᴩ壬ֵ쵹ȥ
㿴㿴ˣһػԽԽŸOO@@ȹĦỺĽŲ˼
΢̧Ƥ⣬ֻǰһ׺渲ɴŮӻ߽ǰǸСŮ
ŮӾ⣬ һ˫īɫȹڵϣСŮҲæŹ
Ϲķδ޵ŮҪɴ׼ˡھǰɴǾЩʧ Ůժɴż ȥл֮ʩʤм
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ʩ һ̧ͷĬĬؿȻв²⣬ȴǱ һŻȻɵӣһ˫ˮͫŵɴĻȻǿ
ǼˣҲûʧ̬΢΢һЦ𣬲ض񡣡
ʩһЦͷվһĨµ΢Цֱֱһ
ԱСŮɫιʩżѾ죬 ڽӼǣһҲ̽
лۺ͹񰮣֪սΣһԼʱ´󾪣žҪСǣ˴ҵʹ̲סü΢
ʩæƿĻ߹ȥסúĵں棬һսѾס ˳ʳǣոʧأعһֻҪ˾ͺá
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һŮⶾ֣һ.ĵбǰɱţбͻȻһʹĴͽڵĺӣΡΣǴ˵еϺһʿӥУһϢӦս
аʮӥȴ·ľͷһ㣬ˣüղԣ硣ӥϺһʿĳƺŵ治˵
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ԳĬãüͷ壬ɫˣͷڵһΡ

051

ѪɫϦ³ҹѾһƬ̵ĺڰ֮СҹһӶûУżҹȥ
͢΢΢ɵǸɫӰĵЦ̣֪ȥǲǻزԭ ǲǼ޸» 뵽һʹĪζӿͷоܿɬζƺǽڡ
͢˼֮ʣͻȻéݶ΢΢һO@졣ϸ룬͢˳µذ´ȥȦһڵԾǽϡ
Ķݶһ֧֧ںӴһֱѵʮֻͷ䷢ڣȻǴ㶾ġĵɢ䵽ĵϡ
ΧһƬž͢ڰҹ΢ǽסһ΢һݶ΢΢춯ǵéݱ߿һɵĺɫӰ͢ǰȥס˵ĲһذĨĲӣҺ籡
Ȼݶȥ¡һˤڵϣǽڵ͢ĬĬؿĸ˳ǰơĸ˷ɢ͢Χм䣬Ųڲķ϶ߣûһ˿ɱɢ͢СĽطءȻһȻѣշԾڿһǺɨ͢նĺ
ݵֲһϰ֮ģĸȻĽˡ͢˼˭ôĹҪɱֻܵطŶţĸ˵Χ֮ûгֵĻᣬֻܱذȱУֹ͢ס΢΢෭һ߶һ
͢ɵضţһ򶫱ȥһ˷ͼϾ׼͢·һ㣬еһжŻϢһƬš
ں˲سһɲǣһХֻķڼϮ˲ ˵ĺͷüģͬʱһǷڴ۷ڰյĳ䵽һƫ׼ͷ
ĺüĺͷŨڵѪҺ˲ͫɢ쵹ȥб͸ȥ䴩ڵһ
˴󾪣̧׿ķֻʮֻڼϮһܵίڵأ໥һۣ֪϶ ôڿն𷭹ǽԾżʧ 
͢һ㳤 һԺӣֻҹӰҡҷһ˿Ӱ
лȣܷһ͢Ŀޱߵҹɫʵ
û˻ش
΢紵ƬҶ׹Ϣ
ɫŨڣδĸ
ɫ ǰϳʱȴһƬڣǰڰʱ̡
ҵĴү˵ķ¼ϴϲƵĽӸʹ߹شսƺսʧƲҪĺá
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ĳҵִ˻ǲҪ˵ ؾɫ
ƽָûȤֺ һ̧ 
һƬǷ߾վãĬĬȴԪϳ
һԪ۵ ɣСĵطϻʵΣ΢΢˺վһߡ
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µľƺԽӴ۸İӿԪ˼ظվˣλվһµǡү޳ɫ䣬ĬĬվţƺһж޹ء
Ԫ۾Ǹү֪СЩʲô͢Σǵվһأɱ˵ģԪ΢΢سţСӲôɵɱ ͢ûôôǾ˵ģҲСӸɵȥΪѡ
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㿴ңҿ㣬֪Ǹ˵ûǲá˵õĻı»ӣգ˵ðɣǻʵ̽ǵ˼˾ͽǻʵ۵Ӧ棬˭֪ǲǻʵôġ
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ֻԴӻػʳǣȴԽĬѼһЦãԼԽԽ˼ һ֪Ǿǲʲô᲻ԵɣĸԸΪ֮ͷ­ѪΪүĶӣΪĺֵܣΪǡ
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Ҧ¶л濣лԥΣҧҧ촽̧Сְе ȥһСڽ׵ȹϲ Ȼٲһ߲һ߿Ц
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ͤ漾ĬĬվţһЦ΢΢ҡҡͷת 

052

ҹĻ٣˸貵ҹ岼һӺߣһ㾧Өַ·ɴһƮ졣
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Ŷûô Ӧ̧һЦ΢
̩һЦÿɷ
ãֻӦҶ߶ͦࣿ
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Ӧ̾˿̩ĸЩ˵ֻѡ
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̩Ҷıûݼù⡣Ӧ̧֪׽֮⡢ά֮ģΡΡ棬ԶһЩźáһСģܾܿͻĸɥ
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Ҷҵĸ磬ľ˾ΨһŮСʱҲֻʱ㻹̫Сܲǵ ӦŻ˾һұŵʱһСŮӳȥһ١͹ʦȣֻǵ˾޴̼ЩȱʧϣӦҲ֪ݡ
΢΢̾һ˾µΨһһѪȻ۰ġ֮ǰҪ˼ĸӶ˵ĴЩ²ǿΪ
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ʱչæµ½ܹĵ׼һӦʽƷɨ֮
ʱ̣ʵһȺӻиλص̨ȥ̫֮λļҲڣֵܼȱ߼ϱߵ̿ Ҳû 
ʽǹʦֵģһɫٷĬӣռʽȴǻƽİ£ۻȥƮݳɡ
ռʽҪֱʱſʼʱʱ䡣һһ㵻棬λĬĬоǻʵ۵.ţԪ۶棬ţɫȣʲô顣˺λڻʵۺ棬ĸͭ¯̴̻ر仯šţɢ
֪ǹã˶ᱳʹ ȴû˸Ҷһ֣ϵصš
ҹɫŨ֡Űپʮż̨ףһǧİٶߵĸ̨Ƶׯµճصѹļ䣬ĬĬظĺĻֺ嫡
𣬴صĳľһһûƵĻͭӶϣľ ҹĻ
߳һӣ׵ͷ˫ĿȴȵģȥɷǡǱֻǴʱΪϹռǴʦס
и̨̲ס¶һ˿Ц⣬ǳЦʲôˣȴֻǳԼԼʱ˵ش˾ĿЦݣһйٵݣֻٸ֣̫ Լ֪Լ˭ 
Сܣʮ꼴ͨùֻ֮óȥóδȴ㲻Լˡδ֪ľܲδˣȴûûɱ֮ͣȻϲ˲šʱҲǻѪҪԼеĲ׳Ϲʵ֤Ԫߵ˼ȴ޿׽ġ˵ʵ߲ϲ˵ѻ˵ⲻ׼һ ߸ͲҪ
ʲôߣ߾ǳ죬Ҫ˳˼νָʾ𣿲ᣬԶᡣǻӹ֮ʥ֮ܡ
ܾǰ ȲϹźʲôһƯʱԶԶϹĶʮ꣬Ϲֺ뿪ָıʲô
һжǶֻҪĬĬؿžͺ Ҫʲôûʲôܱȵ컯 
Цţۿˣһ˫˫۾˿˿Ļڴо仰˵òǶδ֪ǻһηУƩڡ
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صײǳǳ·һһӦžŹԶʮޣˮ΢΢ط⣬ӨӨˮϵػ룬ˮȴûһ˿ƣȵͣīɫĺϣٲһ֡
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ҹȻһҵĹâ̧ͷҲֻڤֳΡƮ޺۵ľԪŹâ̲סһü۵𾪡
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˵ζؿ ĽһֻۣĽɫʲôɫ
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Ҧ¶Ǹסˣվſһӻغ һڴȥ
лһߵҲǵȵϰµģҦ¶ȥػε۾ 
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лһҦ¶ð ߵԱߵµĲˮȰο ûҪЩ˼ƽϣӡ
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Ů߶߶ʱһС̫༱ǰͨ» 
 ʱһϲһڷ æӵ⡣
ֻһϮīۻһ ʱ΢΢һЦ
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鲻мƳһ۵͵ͺ һҲת һ·߶߶Ҧ¶ôôôлһ䶼ûֻﶼǼˮӣʲôʱʲôʱҲԼһۣ
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ʱҲúΣúܶԲ磬ؾô۰ҲԶҲ󲻵۰ãÿҪģȻҪ뿪
 뿪 Ȼ֣ȻԱûи ﻹҦ¶Ҧ¶ôһÿʣĵŮӣô˰ӵеĿ⣬еᣬе
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ʦܷһͣԪۺ ˿ڲ裬ɫơ
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۵ľȣ٣ϻʵ۲ɵûͼŭŵ͢˿ǹʦ԰ŵģ
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͵ͷһ̧ۣͷЦ Ȼ
ҶطϢ˼䣬ʦͽ˺һΪĸоվҶⷿ⣬̧ͷ貵ǿգҹɫ˸ǣһжôʵãκʡܻжٷǣҹɫȻ࣬Ȼá
һ¶ زɽɱ£Ȱ˲ҪԪ۴ǹٹ ʦλѾù ɽ²ҲֻǸˣôࡣֻƽӣҶ뿪ڵԨ
ɭɭʹΣҶֺΣգ뿪ȽϺá
ǹٹ ʹҶȥĺ󣬸Ҹ˼ҡӴǧɽˮҲǣ޹ 
ҹᴵɴĻ΢Ĳƣɫ͸ɴսҶ˯ϡݵ΢Բ԰ףϸܵţĽë΢΢⶯عһ㣬ʲôΡ
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054

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ֿĸͷ֪ϱߵ Ѿɹʦȥ飬ô죿᲻ᱻ֣
Ҧɫ伸䣬ãЦߣϢͨ
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ǡ
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ǹʦزɽ Ǳ߲֪زصסü
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һɫ
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ߣ²ǸΪ飬ƾҲñǳ룡ҦһԲԲǼ
ƻ˵ʲôҦ͵ػ˻֣Ը¾͸Ͻȥʲôʱô Ӵǲǣ
ū澲ҡæסͷֹڵϿĸͷҴ ȥ
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Ҷʦʲôʱ˵Ͳ 
ŸոһģҶͿʼƻ裬ʦ
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Сߵͷתû·͵شʹһ·߹Ҳ
һţ̩ѾŻӼҲڣǸԲԲСӣſϣûɵġֲ֣ͬ˵ʵȢĶŮӣۣӦõӶֻǾŻӼȴƫƫǸ࣬ͷԵģӲ˵ Ԫ۾͸Ӽ ϻƵģĸҲǺޱȴû취
ʮһӼ׿ϸ¹Ҳʼ λʮһӵ״ĺܣÿ첻ͲϿΣˣҲһӣֻҪʦڣǸֶ˲赹ˮźġ
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׿Ҷ񱼶ȥӰһ紵ּҶɳɳ죬׿̲סŷֻѾ亹͸ 
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ƵԸҦҪȡʦʧ֡ĬĬͷİɡ
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Ѫˮڵδһ˿ۼֻ Ѫɫõ忪ýޡĬĬ һƿҴתȥ 
ԺԱ߶ѻĽ׿ס첻Լгûһ˿ʬҸõĳһԶجΣ ĥӡǸü׿µȴǣĸ׾Ȼɱˡ
ĸΪʲôҪɱʦˣʦҲǸСŮһһ̲Ѫˮ
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Ҷⷢ񱼣ڻʹŴ ˺һʱ䡣˵˵޴ּвڷ ϡǵȥɽ·һ·ţԽԽ£Ҳʦ 
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У鷢
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ȥɽĵ·ЩּСȥܵò졣һ·һʱҲ סͣϢ
ɽһѡɽҰѩ׵Ƥ߲߰ Ҷƣϻ ĽƵҶȥģɳɳ졣
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ܾ˻һԶ ˣü彣Ϣ
ﾲģֻз紵Ҷɳɳ죬΢һףĬĬܡֻïܵһƬѩ׽ƣɫ΢ɨҶ˸ɵһߣһƬףؾһ
ƽʹһ˲䣬ʮӰïܽƵڴϢ£ǰĸ߰Χ
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ṦҲ׷ԼҷԽţԽԽ죬˽£ִ˷ʹӸߴͷԷԼжʮˣǹǿĸ֡
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Ͱ侲طǰƣäĿּ䱼Ʊض㲻ùԷڶΣա⣬򶫱Ƚ׼ӽ϶ӡ
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ĬĬԶλε΢ԵĽ棬һ˿Ц
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뽭߻ʮɡ

056

羲ּ䴩Ĩ֦Ҷң䵽ϣ̳¶ȥ
ģһôá
ȴҲһ˲䡣
һ˺ὣǰͶûǱ߻һ˿޵Цְѽһ˻δôֵģĺ˾ȻˤڵϣѨ̴书ϡ
˶ʱһݣ΢΢ԥΧ˼ְѽɱ֮ǰţ˿ûǼ˷ɵغ ˺󼸲ǰţȵ˴ѪȾѩ׵
һƷĺХϤɱͼٱΣӽնϼϮı䳤ŵڶֻֻ֧
ӽ赲żʸļϮȻζȻһһ͸ظصѪһһҶĵϣѪɫӿĶǡ
ͷһ̴˵ѨԲˤڵϣгҲһѪǰ΢һǱ߻һѪ
˼ˣչ ҹơһһܣ϶ദܽˣû˵֮裬Ľѿɭâǡ˲ϰǰƣպɨַס˵Ѩȥ
˽ţһǰŲţʮɣɣɣһʣĸһ
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΢΢ЩһղסѪб泤
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뽭߻ɡ
վĬĬǰϴߵĺˡ
ļںĹâĿڡ
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񣬲԰׵ɫŴһѪȥĴĿġ
ûʤ㡣
ã͵һЦ
ߵĺһ˿Ц⣬ĬĬվڸߴ͡
Ҫ𣿿кܶûꡣ
ûб²ɽɡ
ûס͢
ûиҶǸϲ
úźܲʡʹ
Ǻȴδʹʱ䣬ֻһŲԹԽԲ
صһ
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һ˺ѷεĿ޺Ҷ˵ڵϣһļʸŴѵص͵š
ξҵһͣһѪ󵹵ء
ʦҶǰţţǰȥ
˿͵ڵϣĺ׼΢΢һЦԾżͲ Ӱ󣬼׷ȥ
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ۿҶ⣬ü΢΢һ壬չ¶һЦǴڵѪӿ
ʦʦʦҶҵ̧ӣ޴زߵѪɫ½ȾѪ
ʦ ɵЦţϢ϶ġ
Ҷˮͣӿģ ߣʦ ̧ʹۿʦҪ˵ ʦһµģ
ͻ̧֣Ҷߵ᣺Բ𡭡ʦɱ ˡĸĸˡ
Ҷʹҡͷ͵֣޳ɸˣûУûСʦɱģʦ
дƬƬѪӿӿͽ죬Ӳ˻ȥȻһЦ
Ҷ⿴Ķ ͵ϵǽˣؿѱѪȾ죬Ŀڲһ֧ںڳĵط⡣
ڽţǿţŬ۾ٶ࿴Ҷ⣬ٶ࿴䡣
Ϊܿ죬Ϳ 
ؼѪӿٱѿϳͻ̲סڵѪӿͨ죬սȭͷǿŬά
ҶҲܲ ڿδεص
ŬǿţĬĬҶ⣬ֻһһţؽڣֻʣҶĿڶ߻ص
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ϸϸķ紵ööҶּ裬ؽƵҶһƬƬѩѪ½ϡ
ϻʱѾȥˡҶĬĬԱߣ͵ɾ·ɾ˿Ū룬ʦϲҡ
չ ּһâͲ԰׵ϣȾ һɫȥůʦ˯ һ
ҶС㡭Ĭԡ
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Ҷ԰׵Ĭޱ飬ֻˮĬĬ
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ҶĿţȻ˫֣찧һ

һѪҶ˼赹ڵϡ
³ʧķҹХţĴߣصİ
Ҷ˯ţٲۡججΣȫצҲˣʲôµģĬĬѪأǼʯС·ţ·ǽŭŵı˰һףһʺ죬׵ݹǣѪ
ȫʯ ʺѪҶоһʹնǰţĬĬţٲǰһ
ǰǹ ȥ񱻽һ㣬һһɫƮƮش߹ϴӰָֻ꣬ɿնĴף˰
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أĶأȥĶˣ
ģ˫ۣôŬʼ޷ҵǸϤӰӡ
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̧֣õҶԻˮɫ԰ףգĶüţˡ
᷿Ѿȥ ҶȻԲѡ
͹ʦˣ͢һȻ󲨣ŭ򾫱ϲɽŹȻ췴ܲ¾һ¶⣬Ȼ򾫱һʱս½Ų£ѷѽ⡣
͢ٱѲ鵽һЩϵеĻҦĽӡԪ۴֮ŭҦֱԩ񸮾£ӡ⣬ʵɽӡһʱĻ̡̻ӡʧٿĪ磬Ԫһ£ҦѺΣȺá
ʳǵɫ һģʳҸǰᦣǰӵĹʦˣȻǻûм
ĴӲ·Ҳڰʦһ㣬ӡ
ҹ缱عοһȴ紵ϮŹõƻƵᵽһߣЩҪ 
վغôȣͷ Ҷ⣬ڳ˯ţûһ˿Ҫļ
վһߵ齱£Ҩ һˮιҶʪɴ͸ѵ촽ԭɫ ࡣ
ҹû Ҳ֪᲻ ˵ûʲô£ֻǲͳԸǳʱ ʱ 
ķٴΰѴһ磬յ쳣
شְľ˨βãȷϴӲٱο ߵǰҶǺñӣӿһȻ󻺲߳ȥ
Ҷ⾲ŹϵշתһĽŲŲԶ  ȴۣԼѾ ںڰε硣
΢΢⶯ˮһˮʡڰֲʵУʲôʲôûˡ
Ժһ治ӿ֡ĳֱ̽ʦѣڵѪʦ ʦ֣Ц
ǰģһƬѪɫһˮ۽ǻ䣬࣬ߣɺԣ̳һǳǳۡ
Ҷ۾һ˫ŵӣûһ˿Ӱӡ

057

峿Ĵͣ ¶һĨƵĹ
ƿţһ㶣Ҷ齱ߣ̧ͷ
лүȣҶⲻʤмҶվ
΢ǵҶС㲻ؿ
үûֻҶⲻٴţˡ
Ҫߣǻ˵һ룬ͣסҪȥĶ
ع
ɫأﲻȫ
ҶĬĬҡͷûٿ
Ҫֲ֪Լվʲôһʱԡ
лүҶ Ҷ⹰һ񣬾ߡ
˯죬ͻ˼ΣЩˤڵϡ
ַ̧סɷ˵£תԸСŮȥ׼Щ˹
ҪҲȳԵ㶫ߣһȥǵ
ʱȷʵоҶⲻЩΣֻĬĬͷ
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ǵ˼ǱˣҶʰӣϵůģϣ۾ģʹգգۣٳԸɾ
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عȻĴţƿ߽ȥԺҶһ˶û Ҷ⻺߽ȥ̧ͷܣµӰӡ
дϻ̣ܶܶҹʦ壬һԸľһ߷һ㻶Цʦ鷿ϰһ飬ŷһ룬̨ﻹŲīϴǵīˮδұʦ޷ĻϺࡣ
һжǰһֻ˲ˡ
 ļѽȴŨΪʦոմɥʵϲ첻
Ͻһֱ۹͹ʦ⣬ҪҪᣬԺֹƺᣬ۷׷ףһֱδжۡ
Ľüͷãǰһ£΢Ϊ»кܶɵ㡣
Ԫ۸ףɫãȥƣ
ʦ⵽ɱδؾǲɽɶ֣΢Ϊˡ
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Ԫɫֱ޷
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Ͼĵģ˶ǳһĺة˻ǵΪ¶ָָĻǱģȻָ¹ܲԼŮˣҲ̫Ķǵ㡣
ĽվֱΣ󹬲øǹ͢سıʵ²ãùʦĿ
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ĽҪڣԪɫˣҪˡ վ˳ɡ
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ԪŭɽɽɷֵգԪˡһжһȦףںÿӣ͵ºȻܺڣҲ ˣҲ˵ĲǶԵġȻЩ裬Ͼǻţʧȥ׿ԶԶû˵򵥡
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ɽɱΧʱѲ鵽һöӡȻҦĽӡЩµԴ 
ǵҦԼĽӡڴϵʱ˶ʱɵ ˾ϸöӡȷʵģĵȷȷҦĽӡ
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˭ǿǸԪ۵ǻĳԪϡԪƣҦ׺ԽͻظϽ
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ǾӦ
Ԫ۲šּӡãʧְ𣬷ٺ꣬˼µΪֹ 
˽ʥͣĪҶԡ
ڵǰһ죬͹ʦ ûᣬǻᣬճɻңװһ໨̽ƿ
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ʦһ·ߺá

058

ҶС㣬ʺȥܰһСŮվȡ
Ҷ΢΢ЩٶۣΣ齱վߵſڣţ˵ʲô𣿡
СŮҶ һ񣺡ʺܰ磬˵ûʲôˣСһȥ֡
Ҷ⵭лʺ⣬Ҷ岻ʣͲȥˣȥܰ
ǡСŮͷ΢΢һƲ죬ǲޡԼ ʦ˲ˣʺ￴һ˿źĺãˡ
˵ţһĽŲһϮѩ׶ȹ߽һҶ⣬ʱʵҶ
ҶⱻţЩϰߣƿͷ񣺡£ôˣ
Ͳ㲻ȥĸص㣡ԼŶѽСƳëĸһȥ棬͵ɢˡҶ֣۾ˮӯӯģëϻһỨȥɣóʱû Ҷ 
Ŷ ȻʲôһЦ߸ˣ鷿͸ءһҲҪȥĸţȻܼ ûкܿģ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣ֳĬ
ɫ̫ãʵ ô 𣿡
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ʱֿҶĸ첲ߣƵġ
ѽڣ¶һ־󣬻ʵ۴ϯͣʼҲ˵۵主ûʾͿĿϾӡֻǽʱͬգʦ˸ոᣬٹʹû˼ ʵȡϯֻܰСһ£Ҳǹ 
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ҶҪ񣬱ܰʺЦº͵ĺӣСݵġ
ܰʺƵӣҶʵܰʺôĸףֺ飬ֺʦôůؿ
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ϯλ߰˰˵ضò ֻǼڶؽգûܰʺ뵽ӣһ󵭵ʧ䣬ϵøԪ飬ȥӡ
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ԪӴЦ鲻ߵܰʺҲϯ㿪ʼˡ
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ϧؿ ҶһۣԪ۵ֵոո˵ ҶСŮ⹬ҲиӦҶСҲ 
ӦԶʱ̧ͷҲһݣȻס
ҶͷһЩؿҦֻҦЦسͷȻϯλվǰ£檸͹ʦΪΪ磬ҶС¿ԸŮʦοʦ֮飬ܹȥðġ
Ԫ΢΢üſҦһʱɻ֪Ůʲô
л⣬ҶⲻʤмֻʦҶǰСŮҲһˣϰ ·СŮСŮı·ԼչԼҶҲǰΪԼ˿
Ӧ״ƲҶСǹʦ˵ͽܣȻҲǷ֮ˣҰ׹ˣҲϰ⹬ĹأܻЩȻҶС²ɡ
Ҧ һ⻰˵ɣȻڣôһСȥȥıⲻ룬ĳЩ˲˼Ұɡ
ӦҲգһЦöˣֻǣҪչ˼ҾҪൣһΣ 
ô˵һлл ֪ΪҲأΪ˼Ҳģõչ˲˼ҡҦۿӦЦ
˴Ż棬ˡӦҵ̨ųնִйپǹʦ͡˭֪Ӧ͹ʦ˳ۣҲδش˼ҵͽܡ֮ǰʦ˭֪ûӦı㣿ﲻǲɣֻû˸˵ڰˡ
̩ӦԱߣɫüīɫ俴ˡ
ܰʺ󿪿ڵˣ֪ҶǺġֻǱҲãܷҶСشģһСߵĶȥһиأܶԵʦˣ
Ҷʹҡͷ
ҲżҶôأҪ Ķȥȥ
⹬ǳȥˣ֪ҦʲôģҪŮҶ֪Ŀģǵͷ񣺡ݸ߹Ҷʲ𣬶϶Ů治СŮСŮū澰ɡ
⺢ӣܰʺֵôūء
Ҧæһݵ̬ǰһҶ⣺ʲôū澲ū澵ģۻô㵱ūأĺӡ
˵žҪҶƤҪˣֲñֳһǫѷл⣬ֻҶݵ΢֪ۣʵڻֲ̿СŮū澣ҪͷСŮɡ
ܰʺε̾תͷԪۣ㿴⺢ӣû취ȻǾŹȥɣǲġ
Ԫ۳һյͷ

059

ݵĲϯָֻڣԺ 
ҶعվҪȥ
Ҫȥ
ҹɫƵһֹ׺ӵĻϣϻǳǳطźΣƺŮ˿˿졣
·¹ϸСĻͷǷܵ׺֦䣬ŵҹĴƮɢܰ԰
ҶĬĬǰţԱߣŲỺڰʯ̾͵С·ϣʱϸɿݵҶɳɳ졣
Ҷ⡣һỽ
ҶŲһͣӦһֱֻڻ
Բһ 
Ǽŵһ˿ǳľػЩϤҶ΢΢ԥһ£۾ͷǰһˮʪ˼īɫۣһ߲ĺۼ
̧ḧҶӣ޳ָΪõԵˮҶ̧ͷīɫӺڳκϧ
δ Ҳ ˺ܶ࣬Ժ귺࣬ȥ΢Щ㲡ҶĿⶸȻһһİ̺ۣ£Ҳ֪¹¿ȥ쳣Ŀġ
ϸĶüҶ𣿡
ůůһЦҡͷͲˡ
忡ĶĶѪϣҶȻоһӿļ䣬ůǧٿ׵ġ
ϵǰģС
ɫ࣬һкؼ䣬ڵϣӰһ໥š
ڶգҶͰᵽ 
һҶԺһ᷿һ̽ͷ ҶԼɨɨɡ
˵Ťһһڵ 
ҶҲ⣬߽ȥӺܳʱûס һңǻʹӣҲײȥ
Ĩ 죬һСŮ߽ȥһˣ˵ǵ 
ҶʱҦںϾųָףָָԲͿ޺ޢƣȥ
Ҷ
Ҧûһ㣬ַȥϸ꣬ĵһ⡣ҶС˵ǹĵģôҲŮԸū澣¿ɺ һʲô£Ҳ˵ŰŮ 
ҶĬĬվƺĺãҦֿ Ҳˣôһ㣬齱Ҷ֣
Ҷ⻺ǰҦ¶һõЦݣɵӣúõŮҪʲôū澣ǿɲҪֱġɲˣū澾͸иū澵ӡ
Ҷס
Ҷ⣿Ҧüҡ
ĬһҶ⵭ūס
ŶҦЦԸȥɴʺͰ˰ɣȥî
ʵ֤ˣùͰҲǳġҶͰߵԺˢϴڶߣѾ˺üͰѾڵ
־ѡ̫ʱ̵ҶĽ̵λҶ⵱˲ٿͷҶ䵽ȻҪúչչˡ
ϣⲻҶСЦϸϸӶѵҶСϸƤģһûɱҲᣬˢˢͰɣҪˢϴɾ һ顣
˵סڱӶԶ 
ò죬ҪȻǱѬɣҶⰲοԼ
æһ磬ˢ˺ü飬ѼͰˢɾ Ҷ۲಻סŻµĳ嶯
һ ˣɰɣˢ ȥԷɣɱ˵㡣
ҶϴɾֱֻûʹͷεЩˤŵĺãֻһȺŮ̫ǶۼһͷԷһ ׷̧ͷ
ǰһӿţûСˣأһ뾬׷
ᣬɤŵǶ㣬ҶСķˣɲ׼͵ԣ
˵Ҷ£ҶС㣬ŰɣԵ㣬ɻ
ԺЩŮ̫ĴҶ⣬еͬ飬еıģмʵġͬū澣ܳˣԼȴֻܳͷȲ
Ҷ⿴ŷֻһģζҲȥ ̧ͷ ѾߵûӰˣվ߳ȥصԼ䡣
ﻹڵģҶҲ˲̫࣬Լˮϴü飬»һ·ŸоһЩ
֮ǰ뵽ܿ࣬ҲᱧԹʲôֻ֪ҦΪʲôҪŮʲôĿģ
֮ǰ׿ʦܳˡ˵ôĺӣ֪ʲôƫƫԼѡҶⲻܲɣ׿Ҳ֪ЩʲôѵҦʦйأ
ȨϵİҶⲻڴԼܸʦ𣬵ֻҪһϣҲҪ࣬ʦߵİ
æһ磬㽫ʰĲ Ҷ׼ЪЪһСŮ߽Щµؿ֨֨صֽȥϴ·
ϴ·ǲ¾ֵĻ
Ҷûа취ֻƣȥԺһֱֻһѻ̵·߹ŵ̨ϡ
Щǵϲ·¾ǰ˸ϴ ҶСǸϸˣͽСϴɡЦõ 
Ҷ⿴Ƕ·ֻ涼ۺۣȻѹ׺ü궼ľ·
úʲôҶֻߣѵҡˮȹֻ裬ѾĥüĹĵˮݣһۡҶϴ·СıܿˮݵĵطˮʱȴǷ ץ͸תˮͰҲ᲻ҧأսһȦһȦתţϵˮĥ ˿˿ѪȾľ֣Ѫܵӡ
һСŮʵڿȥ Ҫ߹æһС̫༱סСֹ䣬СŮʱͣסŲͬؿҶ⡣
ҶĬĬϴ·һһһһ裬ˮϴ·ϴ·ˮЩĵĿ⣬ҲЩͬĿ⣬ڳŹһ尾硣
ˣҶĶ ˺۵ּӣţһֱԵ
ڴ󷢴ȱٸɻ Ҷصﵹͷ˯Դͷһ˲˯ ˡ
һۼ ζûһǰǽδԹĿ࣬ǳ ʲôз˵
ɫʣסɫҹĻڳɨһƬɪ
һִƼĹԡ
һ紵ȴҶûǱӣѹֻһӰǽߣʵɫڴӳ°߲
˭Ҷ⾯´ߵűߣʵ
ҡ

060

Ҷţȵؿ׿Žվ⣬һӣĺдŶ¡
ʲô Ҷɻ
׿һۣˣĴƿҶһҩͿϵġ
˵תߣŽżڵߣתͲ  
ҶϵĴƿãĬĬ,ڵҹﾲĵġ
ڶﴫʮһ˷纮 齲Ҧ֣̫ҽַԼ齱ϸϸţһȺŮ̫࣬ʱ
ԺԽæµ
Ҷͭſڹۣϵ˻ûãɴѱŪ 
æţֻּ߹Ҷⲻɷ˵ͳߣһѹݺݵʺ һŴŵ㣬Ȼûùӳԣȥ·
ҶȻʲô˼ϴɾ֣һĳס֡
߽ֻܰʺӦڣ齱ߵϿ׿
׿ϻ˯ϸźޱһСͮͮģһǷŸա
ӦתͷҶ߽һ¶һת˲ŵЦݣҶ⵭һЦ񣺡ʺ
ܰʺЦҶСտɺã
лʺһҶܺá
ҦƳҶһۣ һȴһЦ⣺⺢ӣͲţúţ׿ˣҪܵȥæĵĺܡ
ˡҶ⵭һЦ
ǾͺãҲ ܰʺοЦ׿ڲţȻذɣúţٴ̫ҽźá
ӦͷٳǰҶ˸ɫֻһŰɫӴй䣬Ա߻ǶȣֻҶܿ
Ҧͻʺ˳ţҶվ齱ߣ̽ż׿Ķͷ
ʲôҦ߹ȥһɣŭݡ
Ҷû̽¼׿ͷֻ֣һյòᡣ
ҦһƿҪ
յúأҪ¡Ҷ⵭
ҦЦһȵȥû˵ķݣ
ҶҲգһ ȥеߵԱϣ.Զȥ 
صԼڣҶغŴ.һɫӣһСɵ衣һСֽţչдһС֣мͣȺʱ
ҹ Ҷ˯£Ȼ⴫һ󼱴ٵҶС㣬ţ
Ҷ·ȥţֻһСŮվ⣬ҶС㣬 Ͻȥ
˳Ǽ׿̫ Ҷٴ·СŮǰȥ
һͿ̫ҽڵϣҴһڣƬҦ۾齱ߣŭݡ
һͷ׵̫ҽſͷϢŭѾ¶裬򲻿ٷ ճˣķӶˣֻܿԼһ 
ˣҹȥͳͳȥҦžˤһҩ룬ŭǳ⡣
̫ҽǶʱɴ⣬ΡΡĸͷܳ
ϢŭӣһûµģŮһȰο
ҦŻڴϵļ׿̧ĨᣬתͷҶ æ˵ɫӲʲô취
Ҷ⵭ȿ
˵ǰȥֻ׿ϣһСţͨ죬ϸʵ溹
Ҷ̽Ķͷо̣һֱȥ²Ҳճɵ ûԣƻûչɷס
ûԥ̧־Ͱ ˡƴ󾪣һץסҶĸ첲ǳҪʲô
ҶѸ첲һ˦תͷҦҪҵķ£ѡ߲ͬͬ⡣
Ҧɣҧҧͷ
׼һ̳ƣɴˮ衣Ҷⲻٷϻ
æȥ׼ȻҦӦ ֻһԡ
һ ҶŤ̳ӣţ㴼䣣Ҳ֪ǶģƵˮԶҵˮ·ѹ ɴպžҺͷر֫һֱҪͣ
˵국ؿ ˻˯ļ׿һۣת߳
ҹķɪеϢ˲Ϣ۷͸庮
ҹɫİӰŲҴ߽һլ
һͺſڵţһ æҾŷǰ·չ۵Ķȣ˺Ժһ鷿
үߵµ 
Űţؾæţӭȥ
£ʲô ôżؾ˲裬ڰ¡
Ҳûʲô£Źʦ˵£ö˶˵ô˵ûûˣϣһ
ؾŨü΢һ£ɻã
ĸû£õġֲǲ֪ĸ޿ģôЩ£ȻǱ 
˵΢΢һ٣̧ƤҴˣһ£ǺҪӺĸףʦʲôϵ
ؾźҡͷ¿˵ն񣬱׼һ
üͷû˵
ʦ˱ɱһҲΣ֪Ϣϲɽɽɴֲɵӷ𷴿²ɽɲ뷴Ҳ÷ ؾ̧̾ۿŴ¹⣬Ϳɽɲ˳ һĹҧԼʵɽ ֻǿڹʦ˵ϣǿάϵʦ˼ڱºͲɽ֮䣬շתңҲܲס˵ɽɱֻǱҸڶֶѣɱʦ˵ױȻˡ
ã̾ʦһ䣬磬û뵽ȴ˰ɱǡ
ؾ΢΢ף۾ǸĮݵˣ»һҳҳתۼѾȥôꡣؾһ£Գ͢ľ˵е˵˭޷壬磬Ǿǹʦ͡
ʦ˰꣬ʱ䣬Ҳǰʱ䣬ʼһգ㡾ְأϹᡣδٺ»˵һЦ˵ڹڹٺ»òţֱԽɣδŭֻΪԩķһΪ˵͵Ӳͷʹҵ죬ҲǶ̶һ䣬Ӧõģȥ䣬ȴĳȣ߹ʧż꼾ˮģϷ ͣ㱼ȥָӰգⱣֻӪ̻ͽΪ
¼̫ ϰΪʦǸӣͲ 
Ҷ⣬͹ʦˣ֪ʹÿγΣգǲߣΡǷ̫ ûбĸףҲûҶ⣬飬йʦͻȻãԼôСô΢ҪɳΪ˳һƬգ
üʳɱʦ˺ݺĸ׵ˣͬһ𣿡
ؾһ⵹δأֻǲһһͬһΪ¿ɾ鷳 
ΪΣ
룬ʦȥ ˭ ˭ǣǣնָһĿģǿ롭ؾѹͼı졣
һɫһʱ
ʳǽڴʱ˷ɽ๴ᣬı֮һͷϣĸɱ֮޷֮ա
·ģѾȥ ԺҪСģв³ç¡ؾĳСͶ͢һ𳤴ɰһ㿴Ȼ뷨е治
ɫʣİҹĴӰȴһ󰵳ӿƲϣһδƽ²
ȶ ̹ǰΪȹԴ뿪ͳƣܲ
ϢةĽһЦְѱżյ 
̲ƽŷֵһϺȲ裬Ľһ󲻽⣺ˣЦʲô
ЦʲôȻЦĿЦ֮ˡĽյϸɸӣһˮð̹Ƿж ӳԻ 
ƽԹһЦµϢ糯е 
ĽЦź ڲˮ˼
ˣ˵»ô᲻ᷢʮȥȸƽ 
ᡣĽܿ϶ֲɵںͷأȲǸڻҶѣһ¾͵Ҳű ˼ôܵġ
ˣ˵ĩ䣬Ȼ𣿡ƽüС۾Ǿ⡣
ᣬôᣬһ֣ͣôͷʱܲýᣬǵ̬ȣ׳һ׳ơ
һĽЩζû뵽մӻӣͷǿ 
մӿҰĲƽզ죬ˣ˵ǻͼıĽɡ
Ȼ룬ͿûǸˡ
Ľ¶»ǰ޼֣誳ղҪôˣҲˡ

061

ʱ׾Թ϶һ㣬ת˲šβͻ̤̤ȥȴѾܹŵһ˿Ϣ
Ҷڴ߷һ־ͣͲǰһ㣬羲һ̶ˮƿӾͻ֣ᷢʱѾȻıֻ࣬ǱĬ䣬δ
＾׿֮ҦͲΪ ٸЩֻҲû˹ÿԼ壬ҲڣֻǲܳŶѡ
Ҧ㻹е֪֪˶ҪرҶⲻԼలѾ㹻 
Ȼϧǣʵƺˡ
Ǻָ꣬εݸĳأǲܡ
ϵƻҡҷĻڵס硣
ѵôŹǸСˣ̫ һߺޡ
ʲôϷںͷأеǿҦһЦԲԲ΢⡣
Ҳ̫ʴˣŲŲ͸СƵģǲޡ
ֻɻʲô˼ҿŰɡúţˣдôҦЦݣٻ뵵ĵƻ£ȥա
ͳҲҶ⼸ΣһʼҦţ¶ʲôţҶεĺܺãƺһԹ˼ûСʱһҦҲù ֻҪԹͺáҶܴ֪Լʲô֪ԼԽǴҦԽǼɵԽӲ 
紵Ҷ䣬֦ͷϵҶӶˣֻʣͺͺɡֻвԾѩɰͦڷУԴ䡣
½쳣֣δһʱ䣬ԽԽ֡
һֵڼ¶æµǾʳǣǲڻ¡۾ǣźͱ̼Ǣ̸⣬ʣīĦȭƣĽѾõѧʿ̽һ¸Ϳʼ ʢ׼ʮһװһ£ٲԵú ô󼾹
ȥչʮһѮʹŶѾʼ½ִﾩʳ ӴࡢӼ֮ЩԺյͼǢ̸һԴ˻ø档
ʹŶӵĳӺݻѤޱȣҲ໥ʣ¹عܱѹ ȥǾİڲ෹ֶ˸ӣû¾һһֱӾ۵濴ЩƯĳһЦļҵƯļҵĸɡ
ƺҲ⡣
˵Ǹʹţǰǰ󲻹ŰˣֻһǷ糾͵ġǶʱһ²ĸС顣Ц䣬ꤵһͣ һǰСƿӡ
һֻǽھݵſһ޳ͦεӰһϮīۣȻѣɫ٣б޵Ľüӡ
һʵ΢ЦӢӻ߽ݡ
һذȻʧ
³һ
ůֻ΢Щϸϸ紵ڸӲ·ʯϣƬɿݵҶεһߣǽϡ
ոտ У˵СźްֶŽţһ߹һ𾢵ߺ⡣Եĵ̽ŻδῪŰ壬ʱѿŲϴϴ׼һĻ С̯ϵĺãһȺΧСǰغڵĶԡ
һ󼱴ٵһӿ˻źХ·ߵ˼ЩײڵϡлԴĻͷ䣬Ҳû˴Լ㬵 
ɫ磬ǰȴؾʰһ·˵ЦŻžȥĸææ緹˲ϳ һ뱼ţȥռһλãȥ˾ֻվ濴 
俪ӣ޴½ʮһãʷ׳ʣʢŵһ˲ļ
ɽ˺¥أ׵ճάйּڳǰȥֳ¶Ϸİʯٵ߲ĲɫģƮߣֽ䳤϶ƽͭ²ҫۣñϵĺӧ⾫
߸ߵĳ¥ѤӺݻĸɫǣԪۺܰʺһվڳǽ߹񣬵Ⱥʹߵ
ҶҲڣҦȥǳһؾԼҶһȥҦҲ˵ȥʱҶͳһȺſڳǽϸ׳̡
ʵΰ׳ۣǣҶҲ㿪۽ˡ
ǺǰȻûô Ҳܶڻ氲վڳ¥ϹȴҪӭʹжغڹ⡣
ʱϽ¥ڣһŨİɢͬʱֵİ뿪˲Զӭ쳹ء
ס̽ͷϱߴ
أӺݻʵʹſʼһһ޲ǻ쳣쳣黶Ȳʣһڴһ᲻ʡ
Ϊֹǰǻǵãǰǳ䣬ɹױȵɳľ㳵ɴǧɣһʮ¶òŮӸ㳵ϣи񱭷εĖɹӣΪʹߴӲμ䡣ǻ˵ɣǷ޵ĳȻӡÿһյԺ
ɹǼһСĹңʢ󣬵͡пŲۺģ⵽Ϯǳ£ֻǖɹͬǿʢޱȣڻ޴½ϽڼһʱҲáʵ˵ʵҲۺ죬пȴҧﲻֻǼǸǿʢҪָ߹ŵĴ緶ȥЩǿȡı¡
˵ɹϻʵս˥΢öŮڶ࣬ȴŷսһˣ仹δΪ̫ӣ˽֪ŷսϵǵλ¶ ȴ˵λŷսϵСƯΣΪս湦ɹճΪǵսսϵڣɹؽȥ
սλսϵ¾ȫӣ㣬ܽʣʵʵǸƵҪȻǰҲô޵ĳͷ 
ţſɹǴľϲ
ȺʱȻһܽɫĳشǵߡһܽĻƽǼݣû˻ỳǲǴģͬɫǣɫɴĻں档ĻƽһīӵĿб棬§һŮӡһŮӣ˿һ۾ͻǺ
һα һ׿Щ㶣ȻһӾͷŷսϵ˵ӵһ󾪺ɹĵΪܼ
ںĶ˵ͺ ûУͷһˣŰ˸˶ʱһϧͷĹӳ쳣սϵҲֺֻȴҵ㣬֪Ǵĸ߽깵Сġ
黹кܶ࣬һ·ǰţĻӴæֽų죬һ˷һŶʹιȥ 
ǰһͣ æ״ϣƿ ĻһŮӵȻɫȹ渲ɴòǵŵľֹ߹̬һʱͷ˵ǰǸòŮһģôŮȴһףͻ ǻ
Ůӻתһλͷ³Բ֣һۣ΢΢ЦſȥɫΪơ
ǰȥӭ
ԭλǱˣȴNۺʩֻǲֻ֪Ҫʹǰɣ֪ΪùҪǰ
û ָĺ𣿡NۺǺһЦˣȴҪͬʱ顣
ͷҲٶʣǰ潫һڶš
ʮʹŶѾ ѽʹֻһﳵųһڹ⡣ۼİ۳ֿ ٺͲ֪ˣɢһһߡ
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063

᳡ڴĹ㳡ϣһƺʮֿ
ݳԭȲûУֻΪһʱһʿҪ뼾ϼڻʹҲʵĳأֻȥʳΧӪ ЦټĻʹĲݳûУȶ һЦȥ 
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̩վߵ룬ֵʣԸͬλʿֽһ
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˫һƥжʮɵĵطվһ죬ͬʱУҲԷԹߡһʱ䣬Լϵİ׵϶Էϵİ׵㣬˭ĵ˭Ӯ
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ĺãδƥҲ.°ʮֻ׿ճŹ㣬ÿһ֧ʸ䵽϶ѹõݼ΢΢㼸Ȼŷһµ䵽ϡ̩УСҶţϵĶȴһ㲻˲ϢѾʮ֧
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ѽ˶ʱЦ
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תתǰ ҶǰţȻ䷢ɣվſڡ
һ˵ʲôɣȴæ һ񣬵ūŵС㣬䣬СЩȥɣūš
Ҷʱһ ɻ󣬴Ҵߵ䣬Ӧ
һ Ӧ߹ȥסҶ֣ҶʶӦһ㶣ͷֻ֣հСϸϸ˺ۣһ 裬ֻ°׵ĺۼ
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Ӧӻ.һССĽңһ֧糤ľǩдһա֡
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ҶĬĬţ̧ͷȴǱ߲ͷʩ

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궬ĵһѩ

065

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̩ͷվۣ׼ȥ鷿ʵۡ
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ŵƽʣϲ󣬱̫Ҳ˿
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˵Լģ˵ʩһģ˽
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ֻǿϧʦԶ鲻ˡҦûŰȴɡմԺȴʲôˣɲĳԡ
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ԾױҶԼüװ֬ĺӣɨЩ΢죬Ŀ֬һ£԰׵ĴҲúķٸոµŵķ٣һžµӣʫ续
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дźɺ̺ܽɫõߣ߽ǵɺ̽ѬȼŰٺ㣬ܰ硣װһµĹŮ̫ò֣ԪN׺Ųˮ̸
NҲ콫һ£Ҳ֪Ǳ̫ӼôμŮĴҪʩļױǰѾ鱦ֻѻɽô˵ҲԼŮNҪӳŵģĹسޡ
ۿżʱϲְѴĶ黺šһϲۣ߸һƥϣӵһϲΣҪȥӭ¼
ĬĬϣīɫüףûһ˿·԰ɽ˺ЦյһӣǼϲɽӦһĻҲ
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ҶĹڵˣܰʺߵĴŮ
Ҷһȹú¼һɿһľȴֲҶ˵ʲô
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ܰûʣüһãһƬ־ԪۡܰʺN۸߸ףЦЦȻڱλϯ䱭תｻʮǢ
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һЦһ̲סӯ۽ǣŶο
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ۿҧأһֶ˵
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СµķծƫƫǰʦµͽܣáԪ̾ŮˣһҲȢҲȢ£ɴһȢˡͷʰǸСӣʡڣ˻ʼҵ档
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ԶһϷӦ˭Ҳ˻ʼҵ棬æȲʲôǧѷĴһ
ոܵţðŻ͹Ԫûй˼һװֶ˸绨ĶϱܲϲýæԱߵСŮԸ䣬ǸϽȥ񳿵ʰһϲ
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룬ϲż߹Ҷߵǰȥʩһһһվڼԡ
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ҶҶ֣ϻóһϸϸӣûʲôĻƣֻڵ׺һǳǳĸ÷Өϸɡ̫͵ģȴҴСϵģ㣬ϣҶƽ
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Ǳȥһһ밲ǰһˡ
Ժ󣬼Ҷͻ񳿵ЪûЪֱӳȥ˻ʳΧӪ֮δ

066

ѩƮɫշ·ڳǦһ㰵ѹѹͷƵġ
ȵůĴҶɷĴ߲ˡ¹һӣ֬.һ㲢ڷУӨ͸
ԼԼһű̵죬Ҫˣֵļѽա
Ҷ˷纮ţñơѩСˣ϶߳ȥСŮŴþҪϣҶڰǻȥ
컹ģѩС˺ܶ࣬׷š԰СϻѩѾ¶ɫϸʯ̾͵·棬糿ɨĸɸɾֱһѩ
һ·ѵţһСž԰԰徲ƽҲûô·ϵĻѩûɨѻţȥ֨֨졣
ҶС·ǰţʱûʲôϳɵ϶ѻűİѩתһߴ᾵ļɽǰһƬïʢ÷֣һѩǳ죬֦辺б㵭ϸѩƮƮɾһ㡣
΢зİѩ֦ͷ׹䣬ϣģҶⲻɵŲЦ
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Ӻܷʢ֦֦辵ĻãһԴԵïܣڵſǰǺˣƺСŮռ÷ϵľѩ衣ҶתҪһȴǱ˵Ӷ㣬˵춼ǲǶŲأ
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뿪ˣҶĬĬš
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ҪãشأѩڣһƬ
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ˮϵ֦࣬ɽϵһлֺ죬ۼ̣ת
ߣɴٽֵıˮСɵİʯźѴǶˮϣϸ沨ε
ݵشϣݣݣӽݣδٺ½ӵʮͨһأ硣
һǴ塣ݵĴɶ칤ףȫΪֹͣмУǧıͬʱҲȫ˿нгÿ꿪ȫصĳ̴дɾػŰ׻װװգȻЦ뿪
һģȷе˵ǸǸˡлǼ˿ⳡϵĶԪϣлиӣûòϵ¶ѵһı
˵λݾɫÿÿϽ䶯ǵĴСϱ㼯һͨټݳﱾǺӵͨ·խˮ¼ʱзö֮ݸϵûɶɣˮˣļǷ׷ϱҪнݸظһлϷͨ棬´δϽֵʱ֪ٸһҲǰ׼·
һ䣬лбڴߵǳǳСãȻһϸĽŲ߽лæԵװ˯
һ´СѾߵ߽һλ΢Ϊ׵

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СӣǰȥһѾлĶлҲװȥˣֱֱۡ
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СңҲңǰˡлװһĿࡣ
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лһЦлϷ˵ĸ첲ôô˵أ
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лһЦε˭ѽ
϶˵СϵС㣬հﶼѾˣ˼ҹﳤǽһȶˣҼ㿴ġлϷһ߼ߣһ߿ߵСӣô͵ˣϱûȢ˼ԱԸ϶ӱ㻹С˼ҺӶˣ˵˵Тӣʲôʱʡģ
ҺûôϰɣǰչĶʮлоЩίԱԸϵĶӿȥӣ˵Ҳʮ
ٷϻ㻹˵лϷԴѹ
СЦظţһнԶ
ͥԺеĴϣлүֳˮ̣̾Ӱӡ
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λ˿ʱͷϲҸͷˣСҲקһ
лһЦֻ۾紺ˮ΢
СŷӦһŽεСʱߵͨ죬ֻСֽӣ֪źá
С㲻ûò֮ѧ֪ͨлգգ۾лţСһ۱̽һ֪СΣ
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ϸˮϻҡҷؾŵһȼ񵭵ĺҶ㣬лһϮϣﻹֵֻİèŶƤȥΪܡ
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лü֪ȷʵǲý
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Ǿˮлһ˿Цһ۲١

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꣬һһ죬ݶϽϵһƬŲ
ˮǻ߰ǽ¥϶ӣڵʪϸϸ棬¥ĴһɫӰԶɵĽ
һĨɫӰȥ̫ߣӰȴΪݣϸڵķԺ󣬼򵥵زһֻӡ
ҶתȴһӴ磬ϲʩһ˿죬ȴϸüһƮѣȥЩѹӵζ
֪ʱѻꡣ
ʱԭֻ棬ȴ˫кܶǰɽɵĵӡҶ⵱ʱվڴϿͻȻ俴һӰ죬߱һ·Ѱȥû뵽ȴǼ˫
˵Ԫɱɱɽʱڵǰɽֿһǲ˫ٴһЩССӴӺɽ롣ɽɱһѴոɾֻм˫ӳ졣ΪʦűȴûǴסǱһ·¶أ䵽ݣͷϸ˹еÿ￸ӣźˮԷȴһٱټϺûиƬߵЪ֮
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Ҷʹ˼ʹ׷ԭȨ޸޻۸һƵķ⽨ʱ
ȻʲôûУǻһżǿĺͰ۲ӵһʱ䣬ҶһٶȰң»ָֻȡѵѧ͹ٸ˴򽻵ͬʱһ֣ɽĹɲǻȭȡֻЩϵһֱǼ˫ȥҲϵƵĶңҶֻĻ˳ָӡ
ǴµĲҵ̣˿һ㣬˼顣ҶⲢûǰǷϡôͨĺӵôĺ￴ŴڴڵĻǾɵӡ
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ƴý鱦֤ǵʵǽҲһЩ̻ʼƴˡƴٶȿ죬Чʸߣͬʱ֤Ȼ˵Ľż۸һЩǴδת˹˽ۻԴγãֵ˽εȵȣҵڿڱĺá
ǽͷϵһҼֺŴƴææµµ˺ˣ˺ˣÿ´Ӿͷչһ˶죬ˮ󲿷϶вôֻͨſڴϿƴʻŸĺ˷ˡ
зյģƴҲδﶼûˣû¡ƴĺҶָһһģ䲻һЩ죬豸Ҳȫ˿ʮ۲׷ҪǵĺҪȻԣֻǼ۸ʮְƽʮҺӴ뵽о޶󣬻мҴʹһңҡҺһңϾͷϾᣬǰֺţƴ֣һξҡ
ϸ³ƴҺܺһʲ㽫ͷͷλڽߣˮ뺣ڣһӺĻƽضΡԹĻƽһǵضΣǵضΣǵضΡҶͬʱƾ¥ǨˮͷԽԽã׬ǮҲԽԽࡣ
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С꽥ͣˣ¹һ󶫷紵Ӱϵ˿չ̵Ҷӡ
µδˮսǴһѩïʢϸҶϾӨ¶ɫ̣ɰһֻèӻӵֵһŤһŤŷ߹ȣʪʪĽڵһϸС÷
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СҾ죺ֲңߣ
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СƲ죬ߵҪֻ
ãֻ
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ţ׼

΢Եˮϣһֻװλʹǰʻţʱһֻ˵Ĵ󴬡
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069

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ⴵһ磬Ǳһڵķ˿䵽ǰüͷţ׵ɫԵ
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ĬĬưõĴ꣬Ʊǳǳһڣ΢ӵĮ˪
ľʮ΢ԪǰЩȾϷ纮һʰ齲糯Ѿ̫ӡȻûգڴǾͷ׷ױԹ̫ӽһͿĽةҲ̫ÿԪ۲ϳȴͷɫȥʮꡣ
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ȻҲɵڵĳ͢һ޴ףӽãһݽȥûټԹдλ֮ӵүݣΣԹܳ⣬ƲϵÿϳǰȴڸϣﶼȥǼҪȾƣҲԲ
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ī־ʱֻһĿԺżأһҲˮǴߣݺī־׳շչһ֧ӣЧһ塣
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СŽͣˣյͳҹ¹һ꣬ˮǼ֣ЩǣͷϣˮɨҹĲҶ
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ˡǸһŮˣɫӴϣĶ˵ҪҶƽϡա

070

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ʵյӮúɣǰʱ˾ÿ¶ҪμᣬƤҶȥܶΣԼҲĹݳƷЩͷϵĴϴ󾺱꣬ࡣ
Ҫ˵ţΨһһҪѧۣҪסĳһ֣ͣ˵ʮҶ֪Ͼȥıʮ򣬶򣬺;޶ȣΪҶü˫һ̧ۣϾ̧ƵϾΪ˱ϴӣҲֻһ󣬸ʮһ̧ʮϾҪҪһ⡣ɣ٣ʮֱӿʮ˼̧ʮļ̧ۣ򣬸οǺһȺȣ̫ݶ
Ƕ滹ǶӣϾǽݴеİֺţջǶ档
ȻӮ˾꣬ȴδö֡ҶվڴͷϦѪһֻ뽭ˮ֮УٵĽ潥ŨڡĿƵģЩʦˡ

071

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ȻνṬҲϰǰ˵ģû˸ҷϽ
һȷѪ꣬ɱ¾ɿԵĿ±䡣زʬ壬ͿѪĹǽ죬ʸꣻɱ˻ļ̤ӵļײмʱҵİ꣬֯һڰĻ֮衣Ŀ־ɵÿһʳǰգɪǽǣȫȴ赲סµĤħɢһ㣬ЩجΡ
һֱܶܶԺҴǶؼǵãǸجһֲҹ
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ӪĶҲ½ѾҵؿɱһһʱѪɣأͬΪһսĶô໥ɱƺһ㣬ʧȥԡ
һƬǽ壬̫ѾܵûӰˣֻʣʬѪأɺĵ̺ȾøѪ졣̩ҴҴ԰󹬷ȥҲ֪Ī󵽵׸ʲôȥˣҲûϢĸףŲԽ
԰һƬʵʬ壬ѹڻУ״ҡĻδţҶϹѪ飬ˮȻȾ죬ƯŲʬ
һ֧ѾΧ̩Ѫ죬ҧȳȥʮΧһѾڼ̩ͻϮһὣһӸϺɺѪ籡̩һɨˡѾۿƲãҪܡĳܽһѾѣֳ̩ʬϷתŲѪǰȥ
ȻһԼһ񵲲һæܡǰܰԶԶΧЩѾǽˣһЩɫľƺǵھ·ˡƸʾ֪ĸǷҲ̩üͷתԸǱ׺Ǳ߿ĸǷ˳Īٻ㱨֣ߺ󹬷Ǳȥ
ܰϴʱһƬţʮΣһǧ˵ĽΧţӬɲ
дԪ۲ڴ齱ߣŭɫؿҦʱԼȳѪԱվһߵĺˣųԪ۲ϡܰʺεһߵϣͷǱҹĺۼѪӦҲڣֱֻ󣬵ڵϣǴѪҦһĮ
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ҦƺʹŭܰʺʹΨһĴˣôɵô棬ձԼŪڹ֮䣬ԼõĽá
ϸˣҲǱģΪҪǣױӴ˱ɷһֻû뵽Ƕҩأʬ岻վ͸ñΣţݲᣬϭĶδ
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Ԫŭ𣺡յļˣһҪɱ㣡
˵žҪߵĺý佣һ˿Ѫ
ϢŭҪӦȰο֮ǵԮһ͵һҪס
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ƻߵǰ棬گչϣֻ漸ȻԪ۵һģһ˿ʱ޲ɫ䣬ҦЦ
·㲻ߣƫҪС·ȻˣǱһ̡ҦЦţǺ˻ӻ֡
˲ٷϻְ̧ѽԪ۴ȥԪɫɷ΢΢ſڣȴһ˿
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޶Ԫ۴󾪣ֹסʹ絶ʡӦȾѪ½ָӦ԰׵ӡ
޶ԪݺᣬʹԸӣԭԭôȥ֮ʹߡ
Ӧ̧¶һ˿΢ЦˣΪѹáܿģһĳҲˡ
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գۼֻʣʮˣѳȥæתǱߡ
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ӦϹԪزΣݱܰگʮһӼ׿ΪףĸҦϸʱ¶ʮգлʵֺ꣬Ϊ䣬λ̫Ϊۡͬ³壬µ۵ǻ꼴ΪԪꡣ
۵ܰʺǨůʷƶ̫ҦϵΪµĸףܲ֮Ϊ̫µС̫볯£ʼĴ
ʮӼķڹ֮ջУͣգꣻ˻Ӽ᰺;ŻӼݱֱⷪĸȥأһݣһݣЩƫԶƶ֮ءȵһӦǨڱ빬δ
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΢΢һһǧһҹӻĵֵҲֵ̧ͷŻֵġ
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ĽǰʵĽˮҾҺûʲô־򣬿ǽĳɾͣҾԼܡǰҵڵʱҶ飬ƤǸŸɡҾϣƫ
۾⣬۾ˮȥҵˣû˹ˡ
ҶĬĬţȴ֪˵ʲôȥο
ȻʲôվĽһȡֻԶûһܻƣһʯ
ƻʱʣµģɫޣҶһ׵ƵݸḶ̌ûʯŵȼоĽ̽ӹȹնڽߡ
ĽźӵƷŵˮһ£Ȼֺ۾Ը
ҶҲºӵƣźӵˮ΢΢תƮģȻ˳ŽˮԶȥֻȴûԸ
ΪԸûʵ֡
ܶǰҲŹӵƣԸǣȴˮǧɽ
ҹɫȣ¹ˮˮϸϸʣһյ׵ƽԶȥ
лվԶԽԽģһӨףҹ紵˿ڶƣ۵ǰˡ
濶ĶԶƯѾȪ
Ǹûչ˺㡣濶
һƬףֻвʱĳںߣںǱߣ˷ڵһ֧˵ҹ
үˣȥɡ½ںС
лͷȥ
ԶԶлϹһյ׵ڷҡĹ⡣

076

ҹɫڣͻӿһֻӰﻺǰУ࣬ǧҡ
ǰжʮݳǣ洫ԭϢһٰӪ
͢¹Ȼȫʮ˵ĽӦɶûȫǸ
һӲĿ˵ӿţݺݽһ
ݳǵر˭̩ʵ
ųɷ壬ԭĽة£ʮ꣬ΪµС͢ص
̩üһûʲôӡӦûҪ취齵Ҫݵһ
ǲȥˣʵ
ǵʲô̬Ȼò׼ܵǣ̫̩࣬
ЦЦҲá
ûװҲûж͢ǣӲ϶У߾֧ϱߡ
Ǿҹ̽ݸͷץӦűӣ΢΢Щҭ
͢ͷ⵹ҲǸ취
̩һӦˡ
䣬ҹɫʣڲҵ
ӰӹһͰǽһûһҵ
ݸڳߣǰһϱһݳǷֳСĿ顣
ʱݸر˸ոǰͥԺһ˷ֳɳȿϣΪ⡣죬ϴϴط˯ˡر˽鲻׼˷Ъ£ߵµʱȻһʲڲϣɫ⡣
д̡СҶδͱסڱǣһֵڵء
󡢴رȴ£Слú˵
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رһתͷһۣæؿͷ¹۲ʶ̩ɽߵˡ
ر˵ÿУȴǳ֪ôƫƫܵˡŰϼ͸ϻ磬ûҪס͡ڿɺãûõԼ䵽ϡ
Ŵ˲ؾţ£ƵҹǰҪΪˣǸһҵĺûᡣ
⻰˵꣬رˣæֺõ¹ٲ̰ͼʲô߹ٺ»ֻССĵطپӡ
ЦȴɫŴ˴ԲӣߴߣˮʹҲ߾ãҫǰһûᡣ
˵ϣװҲװȥˣرŶͷϵ亹֪кηԸ
Ҧһɱ£ıۻλնﲻɽڼҵƱҪսЩҳӴ½Ρ˵ԴǣƳһۣ´ǧڱ֮⣬Ŵ˿ѡ񿪲šŴ˾Ҵ󼾳һȵĹҲܱ֤˽ҹܲ߳š
в..вرļҽսţĺ鲻ðʪǰѡǴӦɣǳ͢ѳ߻£ҪɹҲúüԺδôЩͷһҪʧˣųնĴǲӦ͢ϵĳͻкֱȥͶ̥
ǸȽϺáر⣬ֲͷ󺹣׹ڵϿͷ¹ԸΪ°ǰЧҵ¡
Ŵ˿𡣡ˣǰرŴ˵ģؿɼȽնɱｭɽü֮ʱŴ˵Ĺұػס
رúÿһѺһ·ȥš
ҹһƬ뵣ûǹ⣬Ҳû¹⡣
Եһ죬Ⱦ޴Ż򿪣̩ϣ纣
һԲֵμڵϣ֪ǰ¹ʧԶӭˡ
ļʿɵۣոջɻر˴ϲú˯ܳŸʲôԭĻūͷһæŹڵء
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رԲֵӲ̫Ŵӵ˿ֵ룡
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߾֧ӵϢʱѾˡ͢һǧΧǵľӪסʿǵļҾ죬ҲЩˡ
͢ľͰЩƽͷϰոɱˣƻǰڵġĸֵɺѪĿףݣ
֧ˣͶ¡͢ͳ죬ԭͳǸĥĽɫȥˡ
һҹ֮䣬ݳǾͻӣλ£Ȼλѱĵ£ǰҲĺõġϰǶԴ˵⣬ܻĸӣֻҪ̰ٿǹúþˡ
ӴռݣϢ͢ϣʱȻ󲨡̫ŭݡ
̩˼Ӹ߳ǽӹ̳Ƿ£ɼױԴ
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＾̩ҲùۿʸԽԽ٣ǵıԹԽԽ࣬ȥҲ֪ܳżա
磬ǾһֱڳҪҪҴȥսһǣЩż
̩üͷҡͷ³ç
ȥҲǳ֮ơ͢
ֲ£Ҳòʲôô̩ʾ֮ʱ
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͢ü£ҵôΪ˵䲻ģնҪδؿ֡
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룬ƺЩǵҪԣܺù
磬̩պŹѪдһԴʮֿеѪ飬Լ߲δһ˿֮ģչлңǱӳʹűһ⣬ֻһϯվ֮أףʵ۱޽̫Ϸүǧ顣
Ѫӳ¥׳ȥһա
ȻϢա
ҲԪʮʮգǸӡ
͢ɳղ󳼵ּ
˾ͽ٣˴ѧʿ˴ղѧʿ
˵ѧʿٸĵؽݳǣ̩ͼӣԷɼ֣ôҲϽӣװ˷ѱµһʢϯ
˵ݳǽһʮֿȻʯ̨ӣϰǴӶᵽɹѧʿվ׸ߵ̨ϣϵּ⡣
ˣʵگԻȵӼ̩߻Ӽ̬ãԴǿУ£ɼĻڹϴĸ棬¸ĹľġϿʴȣլʺӢ䣬Ƽ£ƽϣӾݺˣƽ߻ӷݡ
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պ󣬼뿪ݣȥݷأһǧٽŻղѧʿǧȫ
͢ûߣ̩
ݵشǣؽĴǼһݣķ֮Ǹڡϱ߽ԭӵѩɽǧ𣬱߾ɳĮޱߡ
̩վڳǽϣԶĶ飬нԶһڵ㣬ʧڵƽߡ
ȵûͻһ̯ˮ
УӰҶ֪ؽţ˯á
Ľ̴Ƿϳһ㱡ճġ
ȥˮ裬һɫɴȹȻͷȥҶС
ҶҲȵû˯ãڴߣż紵ҲȺģʤޡ
̧ͷĽ̽ˣҶָָһԵʡ
Ľʵ£Ҷϵһɫ˿˿˿Ƶɫƣɱ¡
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˵̩ݣﵹǲԶ˴غȥͷȻ½·ݣƶҲг̡ҶĬĬţһСָϸСѪ
ôôСģĽ̿ˣæѪ顣
Ҷָڴ˱˱ĬĬ
˫ǻͥԺѼԣСϰϰҲˬû˰ԳˣЩƴ̣ԲӰ˱֮һ嵭ܰĹӾƣһ˵һǳǳغš
˫ȥһˡҶȻ
ݣ˫ǾȣܿͷӦ֪ҶȻ뵽ݵλҶı֡һ¿ӣǹЩȥɣո̫ƽǱ߿϶кܶ˰ﶢţȥȫ
˫˵û˳Ҳͷ
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ЩɣңЩľͷðľֿô죿
ʲôð䲻ð䣬һܹŲľôȥľ˳ӲмһЦʹһľͲˣҲЩɵӲΪԼסľ
ǣŵסľĶϧûһö
˫ǳһ˵ʲô
˱죬ڨڨû˵ҶôܸҶȡ
˳ŲյĥҶôͻȻȥݣòǡ
˫ͷ˳ǡ
Ҷӣô죿˳ü
֪˫֪̾ôá
ߵռûһöҶοҪ˵ˣǮģƾʲô
ԳĬΣ˫ˣһһɡҶʲôϾҲĲҵûҲûн졣
˳ӵͷҲգȥɡǵģ֪С
תֿ˫ٹǰ£׼Ķ׼ã¾ҪϾˡ
˫á
ҹģ֪ʱƣһƬڸԲ¡
ҹˡ

077

ʮһʦļգҶҪȥ㣬Ľһȥ滹аš
ڽݳĽɽƸ߰Σÿ峿ճʱգ²ӳųգɽǼʥ֮һĿʦԶĲѧ壬ʦÿ춼кܶƽͷպʹٹ˵ݷ𣬻ǩ
ɽͣǵͽӣϻһһ£ȥƺǾ
ҶһѵɽţǲԴ֣һ̨ͷ¹̨꣬ʪʪķˮ⣬żƬƵҶ
һ·ɽǽ磬ԶԶԺϿţҵߣķܣű߸дż֣һҶЦ˼£ʹŽ顣
˴ţǳһש·ֱͨд·߸һ޴̴ͭ㡣ſڵСɳ־׹ǮҶ˽㡣
˶ŵǴշ̹¶Цü䡣Ҷ㣬ĬĬϣ۾붨һ㡣
Ľ̺ͰҲһ㣬һȥ۾µľʮϸ΢ɷŴǧ
Ͳ̫࣬ĬĬ㣬ĬĬݣĬĬĬĬ뿪ֻҶ⾲عһ
Ѿˣʧȥ֪ҶȴȻĬĬعţܾƺʦһЩƵġ
ʦڸ˵أҶˡ
ʦ׿˻ʵۣҦ̫
ʦҶǲǺûã
ʦ˫ڶã㲻õġ
ʦ֪˭㣬˭飬˭˵Ĳɽɡ
ʦҲĹǵġ
ʦҺ㡣

Ҷ۾ŴǵշüĿһݡ
ϣ뱣ҶԸó
߳ûĽ̺ͰӰӣҶשС·Ѱȥת棬ǰһһƬï񣬵ϿǵСһȪˮֱӿһѵСϪȥϪˮϼ򵥼һʯ壬̵̦
Ҷ߹ʯ壬ұɫٻܣԱһʯ䡣һ·߹ʯҲ·࣬ǼŵּʪʪϢһֹϵо
תɽһţһСɳǡ߳ҶǰûмĽ̺ͰһǵòСɳ΢΢һЦҶָ·
ҵǵʱĽһ޴ʵľܽ¼ŲлګګվԱɵɵؿšĽ̿ҶģѼ񵽵ĻһҶЦŽӹ˿˿ӯҡҷһƬ糺ϼ
ţһ߹·ľ¡һŻ򿪣߳ˣһۻ޳һϺУӻףüĿ
磡Ľ̺Ȼϲرȥֱۡ
תͷḶ̌Щȣ̶ôȥѰˡ
ҶҡĽ̰ͷһᣬЦòá
Ҷ⣿
Ǻһϣ̧ͷֻҶ⾲վһɴȹǵ΢Ц
δ˹
ǶҶ⣬á
Ҷû˵
үѣľͲԶˡϺи롣
ǣʦˣӴӸݻᡣ
ԭλϺоǿʦĽ̡ҶͰæǰʦɲ˭ܼģû뵽ˡ
δʶʦ࣬¡
ʦ޷תҶ⣬۾ǱһĪЦ⡣
Ҷ΢΢ЩĻţʦǷǿܿĵϸɣ
ҶЩţʦŻ׵ĺӣЦλʩƣһ棬֪ʩΣ
ʦ뽲ҶæӦ
ʩüһִʦˡֱԣ۾δ棬ҲδǼ١ټ٣˭ֱΨб۾ȥ
Ҷòףݣлʦܽˡ
ʦͷһơ
ݱʦһ˻ǰţԺţ̨ɽȥ
磬ôˣĽǣϲС
ǵϸ»ؾְ׼ȥʦ븸оɣ˳ݻһ¡ȥѰ㣬ȴ
ֵû¾ͺá
ĽЦø ˣҾ֪㲻᲻ң
ûгתͷҶһۣȴҶͷ̨ߵ档
Ҷ⣬ôҲǵʵװ֪ӡ
ǰӵлţҶȻҲƸȦܵǰǳڼƻ֮⡣
Ҷתͷһۣ˵үվͻ𣿲ĻͣգݵľɫҲ
΢ɫȴģƽҲá
һ·ɽԭһӺǵĻǵԸ䣬ЩиŶˣֻǰߡҶĽڳͳһϳں档
صͷϵʱɫѾȫˣ˫·ߣǻȥһ
ǣ˫΢΢һ㶣Ҷ򵥽ܼ䣬˫ĬĬȴЩζ
һɽ·ѾˣҶүĲϰ߳ԴҪҪطȥԡǵãһԵġĽĺãʱʱϼ䣬ԵúܿġȻнܶ࣬ͻȻүôɲˡ
ԹﵭļɢˡҶСȥʰϷЩЪϢ
ɫʣ˸ӨӨĻһīϡ
վǰֳϣҹɫȴЩء
˾ڻȶ棬ţмһ쾮ľ룬ȴ·һô
ճ䣬Թ緹ҶĽͷϹһȦȻ֮ǰл˵ƴĹģ֮ȻǻЩȡ
ʵҶ⣬㿪Ĵ᣿
ҶЦЦǼ˫ǰģֻǳ⡣
˼֣֮ǰһʸƸ˵ģҶⲢ֪顣ƴᣬƺǱô򵥡
ү㿴ǾǵšҶָ̧ŸͣһҴ󴬡
Զ󴬾ͣˮҡҷϽ׵־ԡҶ΢΢ЦţӭŶ߳ĳȥáûпֻǶҶ⣬á
ĽĬĬЩζ磬ʲôʱ̶ҲҪһȥ
ӦȻγҪȥ㸸ײˣȻҪչ㡣
Ľֱۣû˵һʱ΢΢Щˡ
Ҷתͷ߰ɣټҲ֪Ҫʲôʱ򡣡
Ľ̺ߵô᲻𣿡
᲻ҵһûءҶЦˡ
ĽСˣѾͷߣ
ǿúЦҡҡͷû˵
ת۵˰ʮ壬ҼһϲģһƬԲա
ԺųƴһرˮԱ߿һװ׵Ĺ𻨣ܰ硣
Сµĳɫ˱ǣžʳָ󶯡ƺĺз˫һ̳ϺõĻ񣬾㴼䣣Ƣ˰зƣ¹ۻһļҳЩܰա
үĽݹҪˣ˫һͱףλһ·˳硣˫Ʊ
лǶƱһ
ĽЦЩ߶ˣлҵĹա˺ܺóԣҲһ
˫΢΢һЦĬĬĽһۣ˶Ÿˡ
ҶҲһ
Ц۾һƬֻҺոڣȴӵθǻ
Ľ̾Ҫˣʮֲᣬ׷׽Ҫ衣
ĽҲѣ󷽷վһתˮԱߵĿյϣɫ貨裬һ㣬Ʈ첻ɷ
˶ˣ˫ЩʹѹסĸоһԺˣȻӻһѣŴ
ĽţתҶСȹƮƮɴȹӯ裬Ʈҡڻ䣬¡ҶתţܾûôĹˣЦϡ
Ǿķ˿貨ɴȹգЦ̺ġ
ܿġ
ܿġ
㹻ˡ
ɫǺĽˡ

078

Ժһһա
Ҷ£Ѽ˫Ƕ۶ˡ·Ҳµģ½ϵĻȴһһġ˫ϲصһģɫϴƣǺƣ˳ӵƣıȽر𣬶ϲͭǮơ
紵Ҷǰķ˿ɨĶüţһ˿ĳ˫˴鷳ȴﲻæ
Եڳ͢ǰ·ճҪϽĳɣǰһ롣ذսп಻һƬԹصطٷ׷ϱ͢Ҳ׷飬ʥּⲻΥݸֻּ¡
һֹҵҵӶ࣬ũϡ٣ǷӦ󡣵ݡݡݡһټ϶ݺ̷ȴĶϰֵʳ̰ĳɣʱ׾ࡣĶԹʱʱ·
͢յĶˣҪľͶˣ´ü˫һֲǰǵĳɣһǰ׼õáŸʳһһѹͷ϶ѻɽȴް취Ϊջ𡣼˫˳ûΪ·ҶҲΪġ
ʳڶʳйҪʮһѮ֮ǰ䵽λʮһѮҪʼ϶ʱ߲ôֻߺϡغһ·ϵڣҪת½죬мתΪ鷳Ѿ޶ࡣҪһڣʱ֮֡
ƻĺúõģʳͻȻһ룬ºڼȶ֮ǰ
ɳȥҹҹߴһҲͣЪͷϵʳԽԽ࣬˿ôʳѻͷϣҹҪżʮֺţԷ͵Ҫ꣬ÿնҪԷв
ƴз磬ƽûٱ˼ʻǰޣĴȻֵÿ֣ﰵˬ
ֺܶ඼ɳȥߴʳֲãû취ֻʱܶйвЩĻ߻켣У˳⼸۴ˣһ̲ͣؿͷϣӡ
ֻãҲǰ취ֻǱĴֻбĻҪˣŲòʱµֲ㣬ȥֻ⴬ʹ⴬һʮֻҲһʾ޴֧ܲ׬Ǹδ֪Ѿ˲࣬һмʱ̲͢ҪϹ˾ܱܲ˵
⴬ҲǸ£ĴҪôֻһһ⣬Ҫô̧߼ۣҪһ´ˡҪ˵ģӦûϾᣬֻǰǽ¹ڣϾǱ߲ʹӾ㲻ˣĸôģдǡ
˫ҹҹߣۿˣû취ҶҲż齫ʳְȥԱĴһˣṩ˫ǮܱãǼ˫ͬ⡣
Ϊ£Ҷ̲סģȴôҲ벻׵⡣ֻԼģ˫ǿֻ׬Ǯ׬ۺˣɲסȻǮ׬ģշ»Ҫǡ
˫ǵΪʲôñĴ֣ҲԭģֻԭȴҶ֪ƴĴֻ˹ﻹ˺ܶ˽ǾĴٹ˻Ǹط߹˽¾ӪһЩĿǾƤ˾ĳ´ÿ갵ƤӣҪ˵ȥشˣ޵ĸعƷҲ٣оǸطϵĸ߹٣͢ٺ»мǮĸǰ͵͵ЩСⲹáƴЩĻǸطضĻмתЩǲ֪Ļƴᡣ
ֻЩܷŵϽһǳ塣֮ǰȻҲУǹģûô󣬲Ҳûôϵͳ˳ǰڲɽϵʱ͸˷ϵʦ죬ŰĺɽĲҩҲ֪һЩƣôõɵӣʱԽµ⣬ԽԽÿ˷벻ϵЩ١
Լ˫ǲñĴͽһǷƼ˽£·صȴµǾЩȨΪҲƵͷϣʱһжȫˡ
ߵ񽩾֣ۿΣǺҲǰ취˳ҧİ壬´´оɴɴִճʮһҹʳ
Ҵ׷׿֣ò׼ƴһأôܲúֺֺǡĿȻϾᣬҪǵ⣬Ҳ䵽زƵҲΪǵһ鷳ЩϾϴЦر⣬泩
Ҷѹ˫ǣҪСЩɴһҪ㡣˫ȻҲ֪ЩԻضţ׼º֣ЩɴҪǧܻĵط
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ĮĶ첻ƽϺӲı硣
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Ķ䣬ѶϣӨӨıʵİѩкЩĺӳôǲעºӴȥ϶źʵްɫڱϣ˲ʱںϱúֻҪȥҲΣղ
ҶѾؽݣæµؽ˽񣬱ϻҪװʮְһƽӡʣǮкܴһĿ˳Ӱзϵĺ̻ᡣʱŲˣľҪ
ۿҶ˳æýͷöͳЩ㶣ôҲźúõһ˵Ҫˡ
ֻڲŸչգ֮ڡ
ڻõʱ
߲úӴƳã𺣴ǰ⣬ƿ󱾣˴γȻģܶ࣬ҪһЩֲǰĿա
ʣƽʮҺʻͷлһŴš
ЩڵһЩʵƵļҵסƾҪˣô๤ˣ࣬Ҷ˳Ҳǡ漴Ƶһּҵ͸ǣֻһͳ⡣ڽֻܵһСӵ⣬Ժֻȫƾ컯
ҶվͷϣһҴֻʻۿڣǰţͷ־ҫ۵Ĺ⡣
ţǵ΢Ц
ƴܣѾ֪ˡǰʱһҴ·иգװŷҶˣЩǮĶġ
ֻδơ
˫ǵǰԼˣɵɵ͵˻ȴ֪һĿֻǲǣҲġ
̰֮ģ˽С
ֻ֪˫Ǿ̰ô򵥡ɽɲţ˫ưոݣ˾޶ƣֻ֮ġ
ҶȰǲҪ𣬲ҪûҪϧǰҪúûȥ
ܾΪǷԼ
ʵҶҲ֪ЩȰǵģȰԼġ
顣ʦ
ǸյŮ¡
ӲǣҲ
һ죬еһУҪ
³˵ϣҹӯϸѩڷз裬׵÷ȻƮ㡣
û¹⣬ϸѩȴӳĻ⣬ޡ
ԶͷϣŰһУ¥յԺӼװյҵĻĴţӳҹաϸѩŷ裬תʧȾѪɫһشص޺졣
ߵķǰѾмճôһأõǣ۵ҡ
ƾ޴̹죬Ѿ˯ǽ׷ӿϽͷʱ޺ĵѾؼץˮͰȥȻֻǻʵ̫һʱˡ
Ҷ⿴һջĿ⣬ѳӷ¡
ãˡ˳ӵ͵˵һ䣬һӣϡ
ǰţҲڳϳľľģƺǻû
Ҷ⣬СͳˣСŸ־ʹʹȥģǽɫ޲ܲϳɵȥ
һ·ݱţͷԶﻹ֪Ǳ𡣳ѹرգκ˶ҹǡ
˳ͣסµأһسŵʿЦе
Ĺү鷳˼ˡ˳ЦŹ֣ǺһƱȥ
ˣֵܶˣôСʲô͵ôƷѡĹүЦŽƱ˳˳ӵļ
˳ЦӦõģϿ棬˳ٵ⣬Ǵɾˡ
˵˵ĹүͷֵٷƣҪǵҳԾѽ
˳ӹ֣һһ
ãҲЩ߰ɣĹүӻС򿪳ţһ˿Ҳý
˳һߴӦæۿųһ򿪣ػӱ޳ǡ
ҹϸܵСѩɳɳشڳϣܹһ㣬Сǰƥ񿥵ԣ彡ʮ˳ӼűӣʹӷɳҹĻڣűѩĹٵһ
һҹʱֲŸյвҶһͣݲݳԵ㶫һЩƷ·Ҫڻƻǰݳǡ
֮ǰԼþհھһҿջ棬ҶǸϵʱˣڴýϳԷԱ߻һ´ˣƺҲүĻҶ
ǣȻɫȾƳԲˡ
˳һ̴磬СеСӣֻǿ΢΢ЩӣȦģһСϱӡ
Ϲ̨ǰϷСæЦǰ·һ϶¥
Щʳ˴յһϳԷСƴ˳ӼвˣԵ㡣
˳һ߳һ߻ĵȰҶȥȳ˫Ȼ͵ҶⲻͬߣҪӦСͰҲͬ⣬Ҫ˫Űġ
֪Ȱ˳Ӳ˵ˣţҪȥҪЩ
˳Ӹ磬һȥɣҲҪȥʦ磡һеذţҲ۰Ͱ͵ؿţګګġ
ɺ֣ӹȥ˻ҵġ˳ӵǳһ䣬úôҪСģ
Ҷ˳ӵˮƹȥİɣҿǣµġҲҪСģܾȲȵˣһҪ
˳ӵͷԹһЪС
ưӿҹɫϸѩԽëһ𣬻Ʈ䡣
ǵҹȻȺ貣Ҫˣֵġ
˳һӰĺͬû߼ͿǸ漴
򵥽ܼ䣬ԭǸᣬ˳ϸԭǸȥüĿһӢ
ԣǰǱڰӰﻺ̲ȥ
̲εشʳǣΧһƬյأزˡΧǽܸߣϻŲtʱվڷڡһӶʿѲߣҹ䣬ظܡ
˳һĬĬԶΣȴʱ
˴һڵȴҲٶɾ룬мȫǿյءεĽ¥ܸߣվ濴һĿȻ谭ﵽǽ£ŹȥܣֻȥڹҲҪյʱ䣬Ҫȥ֣еѶȡ
һֱţ۲¥ϵʿֺ޹ɿԡǻʱ磬ʱʲôʱΨһԿ϶ľǣÿϵҹԺܻỻһΰࡣ
Ҫȵľʱ䣬˻Ҳǿиʱ򣬲׷֣ж
ŴѩһƬѩףطŹ⡣˽񷭹סͷڵϣѩ׶ڸ壬ʹģһƬ
ʱ仺ڵϵѶñȴǾĬĬȴš
֪˶ãڿԶԶ¥ӰĴζţ־۵һ𣬰ҲȥӺ졣
˳໥һۣͷʱֽŲǰȥ˵ֽʮ죬ĵطֻǳǳĺۼԶԶĿô
¥ϵĸʿһ٩ɽһ໥һľƺװյӣů
磬˵զˣûأ䡣һʿͷһھƣҰƤӸ̾
ɲϱָҰްӺһ㣬ɴŻ䣬ģò˻ˣһʿ͡
һԵſڣȻ䲱Ӻһǰһھͻȥɫһδгγͱ˳һһ
ǽ⣬ֽذʿϣñһۣȥûʲô
˳½¥ȥ·赹῿ڽ¥ļϣȥ͵
Ժﲻηڵ£ſڻʿڰأŻѣһͨ
˳ӺһѲʿǽӰοţȻԱ·תһˣһЦŴкˣ
ûע⣬ԭ·滹иǡ
˳Ӻ˵ͷһð亹
˳Ӵ͵һǰȥ
Աһ䣬ףôô֡ȻŤͷ˼˭
˳ӺһѸٶһۣսذףתҪ֡
һתʮİһλεذϮһкδڣȻֻһȥ
ԭ
˳ӺһոǾգһ˽кֻ½޻ء
һϢذŲһߣ˳˵ͷ
ķڰӰһۿѲߵʿԶŲſȥ

082

ŵŵ°ţ˳Ӽ˳̨µΡ
ʱҹһʱҹ䶼ǽվشŹǷһһûһ˵лҲоģͷһΧһˣ𾢵ҡѺѺСַ졣
СܺöԸ˯ŵľͻΣŲҪкģذһĨȥ̤̤ʵʵ˯
ͨε·һǾͲܲܲǸߡ
˳üһۣɫеһƽºʣ
ذһӣ䳤ȥˣ
˳ӵͷٷϻȻúλദһ㶼ʮʹ졣
¶һЦ˳ӵܳ֡
ŵǰţŲܿ죬ˢԵߣĺ۵ɻŤͷ˳ʵǸʲôģ
˳һ˦ȥСѡѪ籡ԱߵһǾ㵡
ŷӦ˴ˣˣ
ŶǮͷðسһѸֵŭŸʲôס
æ˳׷ȥûܼͱֵö̫󣬱˷־߲ˣҪսپϺ䳤ڰƵƹ·⣬ضһһһСţüһ壬ˢؿͷԲ䵽ϣ˲ˤһԣҷһʡ
俴ľͷŸֵҲǰ׳ԷģиӡɶΣһطŵһһƵһƬ⽣Ӱ״ֻû˸ͼһ˭˭
еӵСǱӳȥҲģţֻøҡ
˳һ·ǰţԺӿŲȴԹһ㣬ոյֻǸڣԽ·ԽࡣʯǽϲŻء˳һ·ߵҲΪֱ࣬ѹҲʣۿŶԽԽ󣬰ص佥׷˫ȴëû֪
ʱ˳ʮΧţЩȻЩǿܶ࣬һöԸĵ󻺽˳ӵѹ潥ȶֿвһ㣬ɱ¾
ϺѱѪȾ͸Ѫ쳣ߵļѺķѱѣۿſֲɱ棬ľģ˷ܵģзģ׷׾۵ľդϣ߿غš
ҳȥҳȥ񣬴ҡդֽϵζײſ졣
ҳȥҪȥXXX˵Ҫ㲻úһףŭź
һӦζ졣
ϽҹһֻֻǹţᵽΣյϢѲʿ׷׿ηüһսذתŽΡ
˹Ѿ֣ûжʱˣ˳ĵЩꡣǾȲ˼˫֪ҪλȥҶСǽ뵽һ˫˫ʧĿ⣬˳ӸоɱܣŤͷ¿ڴѪĭһ̴ִһ͵Ϯ䣬ĽѪ
ηһƬڣһѷ鼤Ǻų޽кá
˳ӺֵţһһѰҡʵûм˫ֻҵˣäĿĴ̽ţһ
·ңüߵͷû·ַһ·ԽԽԽԽխ߶ηֻηηҲԽԽ٣һ䡣
ķ˲֮ǰЩǰһľ崲ϣһĮؿľ󣬼ֲ֡
ɱ˳Ӳܲ˵ؼĴѰңܱߵֵֽһƽ˳ӽѰţں棬Ȼһ˫ӣ͸΢΢ϲá
΢΢üоЩϤ
Ī㣿һϳ˾ӵӳ
ĪվΡΡߵ˱ϣôˣ
ʱ޶࣬ٵ͵һĶңҶСѡ
һ˵һ߻ӽϰľţһ߿Ҵߣ
ĪЦҡͷλϳص߲ˣֻǣǸ˹ҼһͷǿЩ߰ɣ
ſĪڣȫǳ˺ֻۣϿžǽϵ
һҲǾȣһҲ޷˵ŻӽϿȥֻһĽ˿
ӿϣü˳һȦ۹עӵǽ˳ӶʱͼæҲηȥæ
˽סֵһֻŵǽϣʹǰѰ߳ʯа.
޴ĳһˤڵϣæְεһ
ζˣĪҲǸŤˣæԼϴᣬһͷȥ
ҪҪұ㣿ĪѪۣüʵ
ЩƤˣ¡ Īҡͷû˿ʹ֣ѱϡ
һ·ɱų嵽һߣ˳ӿĩͷһη˫ľϱۣ֪ô
˳һѻһľͷߵسȥ
˫˫ô
ûж̽ԻбϢ˶ȥ˳ӿż˫˺ۣۿֹסģüͷ
潥ˡĥ䣬Ǽְֻ˳ӱ˫汼ȥ
Īæֳס˳ӣ
Ī˭ӵӳ
˭Թһĵξġ
֮ⲻԶ
˿ĪһƶۿԽԽĻѶ½عæ·
һ·ҴǰӣһһϨ߻ѣνһƬڰ֮СֻֿŵѹָУ˶ûĬĬĪĶǰȥ
Ѻܿ׷һƵĻںڰ׷Ѱƶᡣ
Īվܺܶˣ߲죬˳ӱż˫жҲܲ㣬߰ҲδӳԶѸȼصһȺкǾٲǰϺ䡣
üһͣ𳤽Ŭ赲ţһߺǳߣϣ
˳ԥһ˲Ѽ˫ϱҲֻСǽڣż˫˵
ĪּһֵЦſɱþû֣͹ɡ
ԽԽ࣬ۿζ˱Χм䣬Ҳѷɡ
ĪŭϸֵѸػ裬һʱͷ­ɣѪꡣ
ôЩУֻĪϹսģɱ۶գͷвˡ˳ӣֻѣŸȫʬ
ֻǺڶ࣬һʱ֮ռϷ磬϶ˣһߴɱһߺˡۿƣԽΧΣ
սˣ˵һת䣬棬ƴɱֵ˫ս֮ʱȻ洫һȡ
˺󣡡
һɨֻĻͷһ߹Ͽڴֵĳʲ
üһæ˳˺󼸲һǽϣ𶯣
ŻѸֵĺãôһ벻ˣɻ䣬Ȼصһ죬ʲôұը
δӦʲôһ˲ûڻҵ˺ķѣѪģ
ոջһʻˣܣת۾ͱһѻеĲ֫ʹ
˿ŷ㶣ľ䣬ֻƵĻ߳һˡ
һˮʪ·Ͽһڴֵĳʲţɱ
ǡʲô˳ƮģЩΡ
Ͳ
X,õĻͲ
˳һģŮ̫뺷ˣ

083

ͲŲ󣬵һֱҲͦ
ῴˣפصĹٱˣǷźŵʱ䣬ʳǻ͵ˡҪɱȥҪ磡
ĪЦﲻصģǰг·
Ƽͷüÿɷ񣬱ٻǣ¿ʡˡ
ȺҰ׷ţ˲
ԽԽңˮ̧ˮȻ𣬵ẓ́ŽѪŻ
˼ǰ룬ǰ·ԽԽխڰпֻܸоǸб£Ȼߡתһ䣬ȻõԽԽ
ȻͣסŲŻͲڱ޳һ֧ǽϣɴذοţ̧ͲǰڵĶ塣
ռ˻˻ĲԽԽԽԽ󣬺Ȼ¡һ죬۵Ļⱬһӿֱбǰʯһ鶥塣Ǻ¡¡һ죬Ǻ˵ĳʯĴ׶ס
ְûõͲһӣǰȥ
һ·תתư죬Īͷð亹ûҵǸܵʯǽ
Ӽ̩ƵģǰսɡϿۣȴһ޴ӵʯԹ깤ԺӲһ·Ӷ໥ͨȴ·ֻΨһһ·ǲ֪˺ȥֻʮҲ߲档
κһʯǽеʯȥģǿһܵһֱͨһ⡣ܵͻʱõģѰ䶼֪
ֻĪҲʯǽʱ·ѱѵһȺ˶Ҫڴ˵أ
Ī̧Ĩںڰţ˸ں棬˿û뵽ǿҲȥĪ̽飬һһ磬ȻоһʯŲ֣ĪһϲҵˣǵĲûߴ·
̧һǶǽ¶һ󶴣ĪȷȥӼ˫˳Сĵزż˫ֻô¯ӣƺڷա
һںصǱС
ϡͷ̤۶ڿһһġ
յ蹦ڵ˳ڣĪصԲľӣֻջҰδϸһ̲Ϸһľԣǽһ֮Զ
ڴϱߣﲢۡ
һ˻Σ߱ȥڵĴҳһ࣬ʳǻѵڷɢܰΧҪѵĽٷ׽ù鰸
뿪ŻаʱȵһƱ̲ҲϿ˳Ӻû߳š
䶬죬ѵĽˮǶѶϡֻźıȴȻˮˮ·֮ǰ̽µˮ䣬ͣ߳ǽ¼Ѿͱֱͨ⡣
γȥˡ
˿Ÿߴĳǽء
ʱ޶࣬ĥ䡣Īϲܳˮ»׹ܳᵭĪͷ°ָָ俪ı档
Ī֣л
˵ǱˮУ
˫ԲѣҲӣ˳Ӻһһǽ氵ȥ
һһȥ΢йʻһ˿ף
ӰߵĴ·ϣһ糾͵ļݺͣפ·ߣȥǳ⡣ǰͷŵеؿ·ĻĲݣµꤶѾڳæµš·߻վһλḾˣִһСѾߣŭݵʲô
ɫ磬˲ûм
Ҷⰵ׼ãͿźŵҲ֪ʲôϺµġ
СʱʱͷһƯĺ棬ȻһƬȻ޲
ȵĽ俪ıϺȻ΢΢ˮҶͷˮǸˡת·ϣûˣܰȫҶæ֣ʾǸϽ
С̲סػϲ˻ˣ
һ߼̺ö
Ͱæ嵽߽
Ǹɫ԰׵Ĳ񻰣·ʪϣ毺õģԭǸһʪͷϣ촽÷෢ϡ
ʦ磡̲סۿδʾһ¼ͱСײһߡ
˫Сἱ̺Ӱϣһ
Ī֪ϴˣ˼ҲǼ˫
һδӦǻһˮǼ˫ûˡ˳оż˫ȥ漴Ҳ
ӳˣ˶̲סϲá
̺Ӷ˳ӻӽնƥ֡
ƥŸˣȼƻһˣҶСһƥ˻һɱԽԽԶʧʡ
ֻһжĿյĳᣬͣĺӰϡ
˫۵ʱ򣬾ԼΣμ˳ӣμҶ⣬аС񳤴ǡ
˫ˣСһϲ˹Цؿ
˫̧֣ȥӵˮ̵¶ȣоʵΣ
ŴΧһЦ˫Цˡ
Ǹݽһ񷿣ֻλӺˣƫƧªҲȫѾӳգֻǼ˫һֱԲѣҲҼŸ·ۿ뾩ѾԶһʱͣˣȼ˫һ·
ݣǜݺͽݣϾݡݵؽ꣬ũ·ɣҶëǧѵһĺò衣
ЩǮ˺װŵ⣬һնԼﳴĲ裬Ȼɫһζ
ϰ˽Ⱥһ޲һֱеһƬһƬ⣬Ǽģһֱûóԡ
ҲûɶдģǽųԵɡϰǸЦ
Ҷæлӹϣȥ
ҹһдѪˣһˣžͿֲһ·ûд˳.Сӣϰϰֶԥ죬ھǡǻƲӲӵĽӣֵճɡϰϰֶʵǵǮȻľչǣֻܻǺ£ҿ̫
Ѿȥ죬ȻѾѷˣܿͻͨ˵ȻƫƧȴҲ׾ոȥáҶǴҴҳԹ緹׼ʰһھ·
Сڴι˫Ȳ裬ԳԵֱƬ˫˺ܶ࣬Ҳ̸ܸЦ䡣
˳ڳһֱվȿڲߡ
ȥģҶæʵ
ȥô
Ҷٶƥ
Щɻ
˳ӵƥƥ͹ˣ·ϵлԻǰ򡣡
Ҷֻ֪Ҳ׼ȥ
һ˫ʵҶΪβȥ
Ҷ⿴ĪһֿۣС񰢶ǣĪȥݡ
һĬ̲סҶС㣬Ҳ̫ƽȥȹʱȶȥҲ١
˳ӺͳͣСץҶ֣Ҷһȥɣ᲻㣡
ҶЦȻᶨҡͷתͷĪ󣺡Ī磬ͷһ̡
ҶСҲµľˣĪԵСȫ Īͷȴ΢΢Щɻ󣬱ʱ֪ҶӵĹϵ֪ҶҪȥݸʲô˵ҶߵµĲӦҪȥݲŶԡ
ҶѾ⣬ľû׸ı䣬˫ǱҲȰ˵ϧ
ֻüͷֹ

084

ҹ缱һزҶݻһƬضѻţСĵط⡣
ϷʪʹǺҲѵüѩһƮ꣬䵽
ӰƣбһϣԱľͶ´ƬӰ
̩üģվߵǰ̧ľȾԶ򿪡䳱ʪķ͹۷ƣľʱһ̨֣̫ѨҲͻͻ
ǰ߹شϢʮƲ۾߾Ż輱򼾹ȣ⵽ܾʵۻǵʹ˵ǰսңڻָڼ䣬˳˴սԼ
ʮоӼҲʮܿúʮ֮͢׼Ԯֻ֣˴Σա
̩üͷĬĬ˼Žɲǣݵش϶ˣϹߴܵǣ
ǰǳսոʧأܺԭնɱǵĴ󽫾껵̫ӣӴ˺뼾ΪУ׾ѡʱӦ߻Ӽ߸ո˲ܴȵսǻʵ۸Ӽ̩̩ɱǵ̫ӣɹɺͷųˡ
˴κսսѣһսǵٶʱ䣬һҷ̫ãҪѪһΣϴ켺ٴκΪһ塣һ
ֻǺӴ˶ϹݵĿӿҲҪ浽
̩ɱǵ̫ӣ߷㣬޲ܰƤǡԺϺƱҪݣһǸʮ͵ƽ¡
Ŀǰַݣ͢زɱԮֵÿкá̩ƽʼǼ͢һǰǽ鷳Ҳмһ㵯Сأ꣬ƬƬء
פı߷ˣҶǴӵذյսʮֵ¡ЩƽھӪãһũæʱһѷܻؼֵءȥı߷߷ʳֲãĻзԡ
ƽʮͷۣϺһô֧߷ĸʲô
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ֽҪϢĳʹ࣬˻һ
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ҶȦƵģҵľʦ𣿾ʦô˧Լܣ

087

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ٲܻظ
ĴİǽӵϢسСʰݼҾߣʰʰƲļңʰɷѺʬǡ
սĽкܶ࣬㷺һƵļͥ¶ĸ
һıսǧ߷һ룬ʣһҲһϾӪ˴룬˵ʿһڽؽءҼһᦣ˵ģû˵ģһ
û˱Թû˿ûǷϡ
еֻǽҧһ˫˫۾
ϣûԶ㣬ֻԼ
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ҶС㣬ǻȥɡĪʰü¼飬
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үˣҪξǲɵļ
Ҷ⿪ʼδһϳԭǳϦҹСëͷСӡ
Ҫ֣ﲻޡĪ־ܾ
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أҶ⿪ʵ
СӵкҲϳҶ⣬죬͸ŵ֮ǰ˴꣬գ˺ü춼˲ˣ컹ûȥˡ
ʲôޣޣۿʹܵߵˮӲ
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ֻжޣֻеٶˣǿӡ
ݱŶԭƬĿյأ֮áѾΧʱ䣬ܴһȦ򵥷ݣǶŮʱӪء

088

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ܼңǸ͵ĸˣǶ衣ǸˣΪʮǿƣҪãͷû˲Ƶ
˵ԭˣʱҲǸˣʮŮʢ骵ƯϾͿԿóֻǲҵǺ費֪ĶӴˣ˵Ǹ˭棬ϳšһ·䵽ݣŮҲˣ漴ݰ仧ӡ
ôЩ͵˫֣ܵǣĳӶǿĻ𾴣һŮ˵ļңĸŮеϡ˵ӪŮû˵ͰŮͽȥŮ£ŮҲܣ֪ʱŮҲ𵶱ö˺ŵѸ
ʱҶбĻʹҪܼҡ˳һϸСѾߣǳǳһ˵Ůʱ񣬲ҶҪμӲɣҶⱾͺ̩ܿʾһ£ͰҲ¼ȥһСͷĿ
ĳܺóԣ죬ÿ糿ܺԼڵĶоҶط룬ǣ϶ͺǳƼӪظȥ
ӪŮǶЩֵഺûޣҲŸոնʮꡣôഺһǧ죬
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ˮŮ˱ԲƸŵ֣ګګվﲻ˵
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092

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˵˫ӵ֮ǶΪŴǼһӪֱ˫ӪܱոԺĥ׿ǸСǸŮ˲ðţĽ飬ȻСƺе㲻̫Ը
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˫ʵҲףǰܱλøǣǿҶӣһôߣҪԼô鷳Ҳ㲻ҲͲ̸ʲôԺ
֮ǰ͢ǰΧӪӪһر£ǸһֵĻᡣ˫޳ģ˭սгɼã˭ľߣȥȥġԼãϱǣǴӦһȥϹȣӮľȫȨ
һµĻսӪӮӪܹߵнǧˣͬʱػƥݣӪ޳ڵףԸķ䣬ֻܻӪȥϹȡ
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޳СʵΪԼֵܣǵͷϡ˳˵ӪѾȥϹȣЩϧ
˫õүȻȥȻǱаš
˳˵˫ʲôʱүôˣ
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093

һҪģҰﵽһƬ䣬ⰻȻѰָֻƽæµţæµҸ
Զð̣Ϧȥֻнɫͻŷᣬٳٲȥ
ԭһƬžԶԶչߣӳƬɫ󣬶ɫĹâҫۡ
һɫС·ԶģûһӰ
ҶջĿ⣬վתȥ
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ŻҰϵݼݼС·ţһʱϲһʱ̲סʧ䡣
̲סȥ룬ԺأҪ
Ҷⲻ֪
֪ôźá
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˵ںܾúܾǰﻹһķֵĲݳȺڣţأһʮĵطĴһŮ㺡ȻǽҪܴף׼׵ʱ򣬺Ȼ콵һ磬ǸӾȥʧŮÿնվڸ߸ߵɽϣȴɹոһգ긴һ꣬ʼûٳ֡ȰǸŮİɣŻᣬ޸ˡŮӲϣȻÿնվǸ߸ߵɽϣճյؿߣˮʡ
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ͼڣǸ˵еļįëĻҰ
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094

ʱҴңȥһ࣬ҶѾ̤׷ƻʮÿ糿Ҫιһβϲߣ̤һҶĴʮָˡ
緹̩˵ҪҶһ˾ڰһ붹 ǣҲ̵
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̩Ҷ⣬׷ں棬ʮֹ˳̤ͷһαųϲ֣һ·ǰܺ󣬲ֻҪ׷Ƶ͵һ˻ܻǸԺӡ
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ѣкѵġҶץ׷ƵĶƤ΢΢һҡΣһûȥ棬ϲ²ãЩǱ
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095

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ǰ䣿櫿ĬĬ˼šȻô£ǰʮ꣬ʱʶһСŮúƯͽ櫡úܿģСŮҪߣСŮĵ˵ԺȥȢ
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櫣㡣ɳƣЩȻ
ߣˣ櫿С죬ʮֲ
ʩˣײ
ɫΣ櫣ⶼȥô꣬ҲСˣҪЩˡ
㵱ȻᣡŭɫȢ˽ޣȻޱȣô֪ҵôꣿ
Բ֪㡣εֻ㸸ǰǼַЩҲûѾӣҲȥһϧˣúü˰ɡ
櫿û뵽ô飬ˮǿҪֻҪ㣡ˣҾͲ㡣
櫣ҪЩˡ
ʲôѲ㻹ϲԵߵ£ϲ˭櫿ˮؿϲģֻ櫣ΪĵһŮˣ
Ů˻ò˻ˣǣǣС־ͱԼŮˣ
໰
ٺȥʩߡ
ǰˣòһмӡڵѾԼƢԣҲûǷ¡ʩĽѵѾ㹻ˣôʹ࣬һҪȥŮˣЩ㲻׼Ůˡ
վס櫿ȻǰҲ׼ߣ
ÿһĮ
ѾˣҪʲôãִŵֻҪȢңͻȫ֧㣬ϼλʱҪʲôŮ˶УҲٹ㣡
ֻĿİɣЦÿҪٿҵԡ
櫿ˮСֳӣز֡
˦ӣʩǰȥ
ڵģһ죬ҪڵҼ㣡櫿Σ
ûԴʩӪ
æӭǰŶ񣬳һ½ϡӣ߹ȥɫһԥΣߵѶʩϡ
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صݳҹʩѺգûܶٿࡣֻûϢãоۣݸ裬Ӿ˯ˡ
һҹΡ
ڶǸʵӿȣܿһ޼ʵտĶҡ
ʩ£ã˵Ҳѳ𣬲һֻӣһСŮ߽ͭ
үš
ʩͷ˻Ѿ
үʩ߽ţ
Ҳ
ʩԱߵӣɡ
ʩӦһ߹ȥ£ĪЩȣüֵֹģ̫
СŮʳˣܿ죬ʢķ˰һܾϸ
𹫿ʩһɻ״Ķɳ΢Ц԰ɣϲġ
ʩоԽƽټЦ֪ôˡûжʣ΢΢ͷ
һٷչ˵ʮܵʩȴԵûʲôζǰζҪԼһ㣬ˣԼȴоʮֲϰߡ
ԹƵȲ裬˽й
ܿ͵ˣ֪ǲȵԵʣͷðȥЩš
СŮȥ.һֽչ￴һȻվߵʩԱߣֽݸʩԲ𡣡
ʩ΢Щ죬ӹֽ˼ۣ˲ɫ
һ顣
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£Ҫô𣿡㶵ؿĲ̣ӲʵĺӣȻ
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ԺĻ԰СɻеĻŻһӳȤ
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û뵽Ҫԭһ㶼⡣
ǲǿĻʧ䣬ļǿߴһ˿һһĩ
֪ǲҪȢǸԼȷʵûʲôãԶֻǸֲۡ
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ʩӰһ٣һת̧ͷеȻ㲻ңΪʲôҪȢң
δڣʩЪ˹رˣѹίˮһԳױйĵŭ
ҳճյذ㣬Ϊһľ㣬Ҳ޲ֲǲԹɧôҵģǲӶ࣬δһָΪ㲻ң㲻ںңͿ۸ңƾʲôΪҪȢһõŮˣͿңƾʲô
ʩԲҶԲ㡭飬ΪҪȢˡ֪ܶ£ֻҰҶ⣬Ҳݲ±ˡ
ɫ˲ʱһףʩĬĬ۾档
Ҳãչ㣬ϧ㡣ҲˣߡתͷԶһŵ⣬иˡҲл˵
ʩ̧˳żĿ⿴ȥֻվ㲣ګګģȥЩɵ
ת뿪·ߵʱļ硣
ԥãڹ߽Ժ
ϥʩǰ£Ľţ̧ͷ
£¡ĽѾãӵһμ𣬾ͱķ𺳵ˡͰ͵ģҲ֪Լ˵Щʲô
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ⲻĴֻһӣչ㣬㣬ܹÿĿ֡ǣ¸ҵ̧ͷʩһ֣صҵġ

096

ãһһƵĹâϸǸճСϵëǽϣչڵϣ
´׵ĵɴĻԡϸ⣬ȾһƵĻơ
ҶⱧһ̨߳ϡ
ȹһߣë򣺡ëԣɹɹ̫㿪
̫˺üˣҲû
ëϲʲôɫǿ컨òã
˵ţ̧ͷ̩߹
£Ҫȥ𣿡
Ҷ̩һۣ΢΢ţεˡ
Ҷһ£Ӧ˵˭
ʩ²ȥȥ߹س£ҪٹһӲ
û¡ҶҡҡͷתЦȥ׷ơ
˵ͼҴ߳ȥ
̵Ļԭһ޼ʵĲݳ΢ϸԣĶҪڻˡ
Ҷë׵Ĳݵϣ׷ƾԱߣǰȰţ׸߰ëڷз裬˺š
׷ƣҸ㽲ºòãҶ⿴űգ۾
ǰһֻӣıܸߣأܡһֻ֩밮ϲ֩룬֩Ҳϲӣûһ𡣺Ӹʦȡȥˣ֩֩롣ȻҲѹѵ֪ǲкýġ
׷ǣûʲôӦ
Ҷ΢̧ǣô²ٻһϲ𣿸㽲һƬ
ǰһమãʵǲģΪСʱ򱧴ˡԺǰŮż뿪ȥһԶԶĵطֻһˡ
׷ƵͷҶֱģҶ̲סЦǺðɣٽһϲġ
ǰһСŮһСŮ߶ˣһֵĵطŴѩѽСŮûһ˾˾СŮʦʦܺãһֱչĸһʦһʱáǺʦˣʣµһˡȻиˣ˵ػҸ׷˵˵𣿡
ӦİɡҶ۾յİһһƶתͷ׷ƣ˲䣬ȻȢ˱ˣ֪ġǶҸġӦǸϲ磬԰ɣ
ܾģûһ˿졣̫£ûܻش
³Ůڣ˳Уԡ˼Ȣ
ͳԲ׵ӡ
ȻԲǹѸŸƿమһµõ˵ף
ʽӪУүˣй⣬һġԲһųΪһپʮ
ɫδӪæҳһ࣬ҶѴҲ͹ǳԲԼģǵĹǳƹģԧٺϵĻҶġ
Բױ̨ǰ˰ڲڶμˣû뵽ﻹôţ΢΢˿ߣݺǰԲϼ£ںڵķ˿˳⻬Ժ̳һɽ٣ׯţյɨһĨ֬֬һ̴ԶüĿƻǸεˡ
ʱˣһϲƥߡӪʿǶŵϲְӣģ·ΧֵİǣһƬЦϲ
ӪҲѾкüӣǶľӵһºͷĳԲվ̴һ죬ġ
ǰӭӣҸЦݣ΢΢һɬ
ʢ骻ﱧųԲĶӣЦźɹ٣ôǷԲ㣿
ʱûҵӡЦ
ҪҪҪ
ģ뷴
ҪţݺЦŴ󺰣Ψ²ҡ
Ҫţģ˸塣
ԲһżæǳƵӣҡͷ
ɫ΢죬ЦߵԲǰһͰᱧ
ԲһæҶҲ֪ûкͷһ
һ·ӪȥһȺİӵں棬Ц⡣԰ǻкãӻģӲݵģȥɹٻҪ
˱ӪԶԶͿһʿڴ档һӭ׵ĶˣʱĻӭӡ
ӿɲôýӵģôĺǲٵġԼȻӦֵͰ׼ˣһó¾ãϺֽ嵽Ĵַһ߻ЦŴ˵ԼǲҲܼƯϱ
û㹻Ĵôˣʽ¶Сûиĸڳ̩Ȩ˰ݽ󣬽붴ԽȺ۵ϲ硣
ȥдﾴ̩Īǣȥﰤơ
ǳƺػҲһӪʣһߺȾһ߲ȭ˵Цʮ֡
ӣǳﲻνɬٺãѾǱ˵ˣվûԵ֡ѾǾȥɣ˭˭أ̫һӶ
ԼһƣǳƶͷͺȥζֱǺ̲סġ
ǳƣٺȵ㣡ػһ߳ӣȰ
ǳЦƿû£ùҡ
ǳƹȻˬҾһһʿƱǳʾ⡣
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˵ıﶼƣףһѾȵЩ죬ֻһ˫۾ȻӨӨ˸Źʡ
ҾһҪúôԲӪصĽǲĹġǳƶžƱվĬĬ
ԣҪúôԲ۸ģܶԲҪԶҸػҲվʾ
ЩѾ飬̫ҲǸ鷳ۿŹһģæЦ˵ǣһУ
˵깧һ̧ѾƺȸɣȻһӪȥ
ˣǳĬĬ£ЩԳЦһ£ȻԼһ
Ҷдͼ̩Īһм̩ڣȣҶоȵòˬԼܳԶԶʢǱѴսȥ
ʢ骿ҶˣЦҪСġĴװϲʵľժһ䣬һšĵʿһֻ뵹ϣֻӰšһͣ˭ϾҪش⣬ҲԣҪһ
Ӱɫзɿ촫ţڼһɽʢ骰ѾҶ⣬ҶæѾһˡŶһ죬ͣ£ֻɫһװ׾ʿС
ӣ䵽ҵ˰ɡԱһʿЦ˵˵ɣǸʲô֣
һ죬˵˷һ󱭾ƣƺ¶ǣԭԽ
Ļмʿץһ߰⣬ûϲĹõ˭û׹ʲôʱ
һʢҲץһʿߵµʵʢʢ骹𣿡
ֻʢ骶˵Ʊͷȥ
Ҷ̲סЦǸⰻȻҹ
һֵҶùͣµʱǸкӵʿץЩ˼ؿƺǴһ˿Ρ
Ҷһ֪Ҫʲôá䣿̫û⡣벻븸ĸˣˣ̫˸Сʲôã쵶.ǹˣаҲûȥ
û뵽һҲôѣҪϷȤζѵϷˣҪִڵЧ
ҶЦЦʵϲ𣿡
ɫ죬ԥΣʵϲ𣿡
Ҷ΢㶣ȻЦҡҡͷӦòԡ
һ˿ʧɫְˣЩεЦŵͷȥ
ǱʿǼԼֵܱܾʱŽһרŵҶ
Ҷ̹ϲ𣿡
Ҷ̹ˣ
Ҷ̹ٺүʲôϵ
Ҷ̹ϲү𣿡

ʢԱȰЩʿǲҪ̫֣ͷϣ
ҶһһغȾƣûΪʿǵֻǾЩѹԼǸϣѩҹڷţҲľϷʴְɡ֪ʵЩ⣬ôشģ
Ʊһα˵Ҷ۾ЦЦȻоӱתͷ̩ƺˡ
군͵ܳץˡ
Ҷվż̩ȥһ紵ĺ
ô̩ʵ
ҶŬվΣ֣û£Ҿܺá
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ҹɫϲҲڵĲ֣һ˸ɹȥ·
ǱֵĵƻҶӪ̨ϣ̩š
˸Ƿ̩ͷԼϡҶҲûܾϲ˲䣬ҸƣȻ̾Ϣһ硭һи磬á
ȥ˯ˡ

097

͡Ҷ˯ûоӶˣϴȥҶԡ
һžͿĪһִ磬ɫֲӣɫ䣬Ȼһֵصϴү硣
Ī磿ҪȥģҶ̲סЦ
ĪҪػͼ̩߹һϮƽ棬ܴʲôһȴҲڲġ
ȥԷȥǡ
ǣ˵ԭ躯߾ϵһУ˵ǵģ˵Ǻġ˫ἤңֲ£ΪѷǵԼأǷ˱ܿ սԽԽ
˵ҪȥǣҶȻֵǰ
Թ·Ӵ磬һϮͷɾ䡣
£ȥʲô
̩ƿӷȥһߵɹǱҪ̸⣬ŷսҪǰ²̸ֻô򵥡
ҶŶһƿԱӿ澰ɫ
еĻĪһڳ⻹ʮûǱܣʱزҡ񶼽ɹ٣˵£춼ûУͶæС
׳ǴԼж·̣ԼҪһ졣;ڿջϢһ﷮ǵڶ硣
һ·תתҵŷսԼõǼҿջܽؿջ·˵ҿջǷĿջȻǖɹĻӵ£Ǯĺܡ
ջſվСһпʱӭǰ溬ɽЦӯӯҶпҪִǾƵˡ
̩ҪϷҶסм䡣緹ڼ̩Եģɫ࣬ʮֿɿڡ
£ŷսʲôʱĪʵ
ԼʱʲôʱͲ֪ˡ̩յһڡ
ҶȤ絽ɣ
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̩һ·ϵʵʲôأ
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ǹȻʮַ𼾹ĶǶʳҲ˿ʯʯ̾͵·ɾ࣬߸ɫ¥̣ؽְĿĻ̯ܺá·δҪȼǱ߿źܶࡣȣܶŮӶֻһɴȹۺǳһƬĿҶǰϲЩŴΣ㴩ˣɴȹʵƯ̲ס࿴˼ۡ
ȥµ̩꣬Ī·ߵŮװǱ߿˰죬һȹõҰ
λӹȻ۹⡣һλʮˣһ߰·һ߶߶ȹǼлϳׯģӣ幤
ԭǡ족ҶЦ͸ҵ𣿡
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ֻһĴѬ컵㣬ذδ̨ȫϺõľɫΪɫذŵɫë̺һҾ޷ҰѩͼԾۻ
һԴīͦѩҰУΰȻһӶپһɱоΪˬ
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սϵࡣ̩ص׳ǵﲻһ·̣ɹȻöࡣ
ŷսЦ´ҶһЦԭƽҲڲࡣ
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ڴǺЦȻֶ棬һīɫӰվ΢΢üʲôӡ

098

¥
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һиԸһ̨ӣһȺɴòŮҡ֫裬ұˣһʢѩŮڸ١һҡͷԴŽģ
һ䲻С￴ˣæЦӭ
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ڶΣҶԲ죬ϸԷЩ죬ֻ벻
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ҶһεûСЩȥͨˣûҲû˵ٻ
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ĿɶˣԼú÷ʡ̩
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ôҶˣ̩ЦŷսҪ͸ңΪģҾͽˡ
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ƣôô˵Ͱѱˣֻһˣô꣬ΪһУ㻹𣿡ԶǣĬĬ̫յҦչǧС㡣
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100

սߵĩβ֪䣬ķѾһ˿˿ɪ
ﵽһƬƬĽɫƺƳ紵ɫ˴˷һƬҸĺ󡣰ӿȣͷһϲá
Ȼʱս·ң󴺸ڲȼʱǷˡֻϹعϡƬƬصոұҪڵһ֮ǰҪȻׯھҪڵ
Ӫ٣ȷе˵Ƿż٣ʵϰϰǸӡ
ҶĨѺˮ﹡ϣϵһ߸пõսϣɱڸֵìһȥӵĸٳˡ
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糿̶ôûȣ̫ɹţô죿ԲСԹ
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ǶˣԼҲģ֣Ҷǳƣߣȥȥɣȥɻ͵
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Ҷһȥ뵽ǰİ¼;ٳʲô⣬ڰ׳Ǻáפţ׳ӦûǱȽϰȫġ
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ʱչҶ˸ˮ裬оһˬԵطϢ
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ĹϣƵûϨ
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һŲֱü²²ܵ˿ܻϴǻˡһβɹģһΡ
΢΢򶨣֮󱻰סָԻִ̽һö÷ηڣûȥָֻŷӣ˰ҲûʲôЧҶǰѷ
٣ٽڰʱڰӸ˲ĥƵƤһǡ;ﾰڸ·ϡǰһϳ򣬳߶ţ߰˸ˡȻϴǲˣһͨ˴磬ò棬ȥĳҸӡ
ӿ϶ӲҶѸϵϣĬĬڵװ˯һϸ涯
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Ŵ·ܵͷǰһ۵Ļ·ïܵ֡
δ겻ɢָߺޣצģ޲̽ץж˿Žޡ
һַԽԽ죬ְѺ˦һξ롣
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ҶȻǺһڣžҪˮȥ˰ļҲȥҪﱬˣҶţֱյ󣬶Ҳˡߵţ֪ˮ类ǻץȥٻʹش
Ҫιȥʱ򣬺ȻоʲôУʶһڣȻǸա
ǾգҶҸֽҲ
˼ҶⲻȻƣһ˿ﺬŸգǱˮǰȥ
֪һԶûʲôˣ˽һţҶ⸡ˮ档
۵һˮĨϵˮա
ͷʪģ滹͵ˮݣ˴۵СۣΣ̲סЦ

101

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Ҳ֪׳жԶһ·϶˯Ҳ֪жá
һĴţһʵ
̧ͷɫ˻صǷǽ⡣
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Ÿ𣿼ȥһۣſھǷԸ
Ҷۿֻѥ.һذףһ֦Ͱһͷ⣬ذһӣſˮȥƣҪȥ㡣
ҶԥΣȥ
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ҶѼĲ£ߵһ
ôȥôãΪˡӿһۣЦ
ܣѲҪѺҶ°һһ䣺̲ü񡣡
ʲôѵģַۣһȻǼŮˣЩ廨ͷʣÿˡ
⻰˵ģҶһۣǰΪԼĸм֮飬ûˡ
ӿЦЦ˿⣬㲻úڼţܵʲô
˵ţǹ۾̽ʵǼ̩ʲôˣ
һΣյĸоͷҶⰵĥšһμڼû뵽ôͲµǸż̩ġǰͲ²Ǽˣֱֻ̩֣ͷСû̧ͷҶ޹ء
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ǹһĨЦӶҽմסˡ
մղĵڣԭϵ
ҶЩȻµͷСΪǺĸӣû뵽Ȼմһ䣬ҲڣֻǾԶҶⲢδ塣벻ȻǵǸǺ«ǮˡԪھֻҲżȻұʧءɳظ漱һս¶Ѳ߻õģմȥ̽ġ
ԭΪȣҲԵ֣ܹʶҲ
ڿȴǿЦ
ǵжԵˣѣ˭֪żȻǱȻŴܣ֪Ѳ߻õģ
ͷǺббңɫͶʵİӰҹɫһܼҶⱳðһ亹ԼѾһ޴֮С
ǰͶղ䣬̩ǾͲµմϹѹֻǰһϢ˵ǋղڹݣ͢Ѿһȥ赲ɲ˲棬Լ̩ŷݽֻû뵽մô֣
ɫ̫ÿþû˵մ򴽣Աţ֪Сγƺ
ҶɫףΣҶ⡣
Ҷ⣿մЦζ֡
ץҵˣ𣿡
մüңЦץ־㣿²ţ¡
ҶɫɣȻ
㱻ץߣ类ץմ۾ġ
ôҶüʵ
ҶСûи߹ң˵ҲɣմϷʵЦ
˵ϣȥҲûʲô˼ˡҶĬĬţҪӻȥҪ֪̩ͨϿ׼źá
ϵѾãһƮʽϴ֣ǰϸۣȴ㣬;
մѽһƬҶһ㣬ݸҶ⡣
Ҷûӣɲ
մһŽû¶Ҳû£԰ɡ
һûԶʵڶúܡҶӹմô󹦷ץס϶ĵطʱô
Ȼһ㻹û꣬ƤȴԽԽͷһ͵ڲݵϡ
վմѿɵ߹ȥϡ˳ЦŮ˻ǰĺá
ҹˮǳһƬס
¹µİ׳ȴַ졣
ƽ±ŭ
԰ףֵ̿վ⣺үˡʧְδҵҶ̹ټ
̩ɨһۣԶããҹɫü
һ·ϵػû뵽ǳˡ͢ݵľƣ϶ݵ϶ϲǋղ䡣
մսǲ꣬ѭ򽥽ΪأԵأҡյĲݳǲԭõģƥҲߴ֮ڼ֮ϡǰݱз֮ȴһ֮ţƤ׳ŵĴ󺺣ʹõĵìҲһ㣬ƾȫһ֮͢ɼԸһģ´ࡣ
ݵĲǋգմϹѾѹϹ߾ݵĴŋյţֻһͺմõģԼ̩ߣɷءһν
̩ԸѲ飬һ˿ܷŹôһˣ˵ûûˡ
үҽٲ϶ֻС߹һҰ.ĩС㷿ҵģԻ㡣
Ի㣿̩ɫж
ҽź룺ûֻЧմһ㶼ᱻΣʮʱѹĩӣѾȼʮʱСӦѾˡ۸أ˺С˿˿㣬Ӧǲ˺С㣬Сʱǡ
ɣҶĵһ仰
մеߣЦؿһɺҩѣ˯úɣ
Ҷܾ˵
һͷӦһҿջ裬ǰסܽؿջ񣬹ƾ·룬˽ˮӣûʲô⡣Ҷ΢ɡ
ԷɣûĨΰͣóԡմ°͵ˡ
Ҷ͵ԣж
ԣǾͱšմǰ彣ŵϣǱѡɡ
Ҷ⣺
䶢Ҷߵ£𻨾ҧһڣӹĹĵģҧĳ˵Ĺͷ
ôҡմЦȻѾ֪̩ͨˣͷȥ
ҶɫأʵҪʲô
մü壬Ҫĺܶࡣ

102

ɫ˯һҹķǰմźǷƿţȻֶǿֵʿɷƣΪˡ
ǵش߾ϣдѹǷǴûȵĺܡԿǰ˵ľ󣬷ǰҲûжپȣֽվñֱʿһһţͭñӧĿײȥͦġ
̩С£¥΢ſڰĸ¥ջǰǰȫΧĺڼʿһֻҲܳȥ
ƿžͿҶ⣬һϲ̩ĵһʯء
ûҲûţҶתͷմһۣƺû˼룬Ⱦͱȥ
̩ǰҶ⵲󣬿մ֪ǣʧԶӭʧ
ƽ¿ˡմЦЦվһء
̩£ҶԱߣĪһվں档
ã²ʤм̩˵ſȴĮĺ⣬֪˴úһԱ⡣
ûأմѹѹƣϷʵ⣬ƽµĴ֮𣿡
֪ǲʮ֮չ˲ܣԶЩ̩֡治ɫ
մұ£ƽ¶ˣûʮֻ֮ĸˡ
̩һЦÿɷ
ΡΡСŲֶĲ񻰣ڰһȦˮ꣬æ˳ȥ˳Ҳϡ
մյƿӲ˲㣬ɫǳ̣Ϻõë塣մַ£ϷĲˮ̫ǲԭϵͲ㡣
̩յһڣȻȲ嵭Ĳˮֺαǿ󡣡
ƽºȹԭϵͲû׼һζҲմڹץӣųԡ
ȵǺȹżһλУȶ˾ˡ̩΢̧Ƥīɫģס
ҶҲƳմһۣϱ鲻ɫ
մȴüһЦƽ´˻棿
Ϊ棬Ȼ档̩Ц÷Ƶȴһڷ綼
մյ̩һ٣մԲƣһ
̩Ųյ΢ЦҲãշһݡ
մˬʵȻ
˰ѲˮȾ²յնʱǢܶࡣ
ҶĬĬմһ˫ӣдӯӯЦ⣬ƺŽĹ⣬ȻоЦЦı£Щɲ⡣ϾǲԭϵûͣҲɲ˴¡
մҶڿӣתͷż̩ƽ£ǋղӸ䣬ǼŮӸոպãպҲö߶߶
̩ЦЦɫ¼ҵĿڻͲºԺ𣬶Ϻӵ֧֣
մҲҶһЦû֧־ˣҪʲôܻҪԼȡ
̩϶漴ת磺˵Ǳ֣˵򣬾Ͳż𣿡
żôܲżմеذӶȥȴûһżӣżҪһŷġ
̩Цû뵽ºôӣ͵ġ
մյļöӣȻҪѵģ»æ꣬ҲЪЪˡ
Ǵף͵ҲŲķġ̩һת̽һ
մУЦЩģƽ⻰˵ļˣմȻǣȻʲô֡ϵ˱Ȩպþǣ»Ǹ϶Ϊ塣
̩һЦͷ仰͹ˡ
մü̽ǱôŪ
̩΢̧ߺãԻᴦ
Ǿͺá
˵˰죬Ҷ̫˲ɻ󣬲֪̩ڴʲôס
緹ڴ΢õģʼȣɫḻϯ仹һֱðòŮӣ˲һӡ
մƺϲǲӣ۾
֧ô̩մһǸٵŮʵ
մ΢΢һЦΣϹܲ籱صķǰѡ
̩ЦЦû˵
ϯɢմ̻ȥ
̩ûֱ͵ǹ⡣
Ҷ⻹̫Īǣһš
մתЦҶС㣬ҪҪ»زԭȥɵķ硣
߰ɡĿƣ˿⼾̩ɫ
Ҷ⵭л̧Ҷⵣ𡣡
̩ʼˣһ·ߺá
մЦЦӷɱԶȥ
ĸ󣬷سһ·ңԶı
ԭҰӵĻĲݣ鲼Զ£̹һƬ
ȥ·ϣҶ̲סʵ£Ͷˋôô׾ˣ
մĸɕgڵȢСԺܲŻͶǣ̩ɕgҲᣬڵϺѾûʲôüֵմ
մܵԭʵǵõϺӲ¼֧֣ѹ»벿䣬̩»벿ûģԴŋյȥݣҪ𼾹ԋյĵ⡣մýᣬݵսڣƵиǵϡǰѺɵҲֵʡġ
ҶŶһƺЩˣܾЩ̫ģǵ£մĿһǣϱȥݺ»ܾˣôǰױƭ𣿡
̩Цϯ֧ӣô
Ҷһ˼ͦصģƽƽȴۻ
̩ͷ֧ӽС硷Ϲʮսƪ̾һսиıմϯԣȴֻ˵ϷӣװɵŷսϵĹ־ɵװǡô
˵װɵװŷսϿҶ⾪ȵ
̩ͷܽؿջŷսϵĵ̣ǵһһ֪طҪŷս֪մǸǵˣҪģϲֻһССѡװɵŷսϿǲڽʱ͖ɹͻҪʱ䣬ԭ˳ǣܷովԭĸߴ˴Ҫһѡ
ҪҪԭʮ֮ڣʽʮֺʡ̩һ޼ʵĲݳĿԶ

103

ԪǼʷΪҵһ꣬һµ۵ǻδַĩߣ˲ˡֶȣտ಻ԣ߽ǿлﻹвķŻңͰɽ뽫ҪֱΣУɽڷƮҡ
顤͡мأԪʮһƽʱϺǣѪȾӣʬʮһ¶ʮһϺ𡣡
һСʷ¼ϿʷϲǸɰͰ͵ʮ֣һɨǴԽʷ飬ԭһƮҡʱǵµѪȾɫʣǰģȴһѪ׳ޱȵıһ
ү·ǰѾʹڰĹԹҶԣӶӳΧ赲ѾӽĽ֣ڵϻ㱨սһڻҿԭģɫױһ۰ı¶Ѫɫ
̩վӪ棬ԶȺɽü
ãʵﻹжˣ
Ĵȫס˶ϵֹ߶ոʮˣˣˣйŮ̫İһʮвѰģĿٺܶࡣæصүЩôã
ôô̩ޱ飬ԣߴ˶
ʹǧ˽ӦʱŹһǧ·ɱǧӦûǧ֮ࡣү·֧ϱѹҵ·Χ˻ʹĪǧȥΧºԣǣǧ֮²ԵֵҪҪ֣
Ľ֣Ӷ߱߶ԭҲӲȥѾʮµףġ
̩΢΢ĬһǶɣŻ֡
㶣̧ͷɫæͷ£ȥִ
ӪפϺʳϽ⣬λںλáϱߴضѾ뼾ƿ֮УֻбػһƬս׷ɣٳٹ¡ֱգϺʳձƣʤָտɴ
Ҷӹòɡ
սԶǲпģһаһֻҪɱͶľֻǺӰ˭ֱ˭ɾ١ΪԼĺܶԣҪΪʦҪʧȨҪӦõĻ˵õͷʵأȻúõشںĻʹѪɥȫǲɵˡ
Ϻ˿Ȼԭ࣬ȻʮƽգЩ˺֮УΪϺˣΪǵַݣΪԼν֮ʦҪ
Ƕ
ҶЩʹࡣ
ھӪధܶ죬̩ڴӦܷ²ֻҪͶͿԷŹɱССϺҲǸΪǿ壬ʹƽͷգҲǸӲͷûԸͶ
̩ŮսҶҲԸȥҲûţձһƬķŮǾ˲ٵϺգһ߿ĵȰ˵οţϣܹ˳
ЧѣϺ˶ĸߣ˿顣һ̾װŮƿڴ˼ĺڼʿЩֲظĳ
ҪңЩɱǧСһмϴ˺ҶͷԼȡ
ϴϻżûСһ֮¾ͳ˿ڣѪϴʹߺس˴ҶæǳƴƣǳƴŮΧȥ߰ĸ첲ȣҶϴжҶ͵û
Сóܣ˴ѾѪմһ𣬲ҶóСƿ˿ڴһҩԴһҶذͷסβҧҧ͵Ѽ.
໵һϴ﷭Űιȥ
Ҷæ˿ڣñϸá
ǳҲǳһϴ̧·һ鲼ɺá첲ϱϴﳤָ׻ӣǳƲƲ죬С˼䡣
æµţȻͷڵسһǳԲǸɤš
С潸˳̸򣡡
ʵģװһпԼȥ϶ۣ
ƿڴһ򸾣Ǹȳӣõ˹ģȥݣɫŮ˱ȽϽ˶һЩﱧĺӣֱޡ
ûȥǵණǲϡŮһ˵һִԲļͷ˵껹޺޵һڣڳԲЬϡ
Զ㣡վᣡȳ˻ӻӹȣƺŬŲûùȴǡ
Բͷ۵Ь棬һӵŭҲѹסðЩͷǴʡʳҹ˯ģЩûûȣܽӼһ㡣û뵽ô飬ֱаħȣſھʲô˵ʲô
Բˣֶȳ˵ĹȺݺӵһߣıų죡ҪǺַݣǻôˣҪǰɱҵɷɹѸҪǺȹн³𣿡
ǱӦǱ򣡻ۣӦǣԲŭŤؼˣ˻ǣͳͺҽҩյģĹεĶͲֵÿññ
Ҷվں棬üͷ
Բ˵ˣҶ̹ˣػæԲӡ
Բһ˦ְʢͷӵһߣյģ˭˭ɣﲻˣ
˵껹ǰŮһڣݺݵһۣ˦ͷȥ
ԲҶ󺰣Բ
ԲͷҲصؼǰߡ
ҶҪ׷ȥȻ˴󺰡
Ҷ̹٣Ҷ̹ٲˣһŮܹ𣬷Ż𣡡
ʲôŻ𣿡
ŮеоӵĽ֣үŻӣ
Ҷɫˣ߾Ӫȥ
Ľ֣Ҫ֪ĽϺΨһһƬԭʼ֣նӵսҡŻ֣Ҫˣ
·Ѫ߰ߣ㳵޼̤ĺۼׯڶճɻңлδվðẓ́ƵıӾԭԴڽ׾Өѩɽʥأ˴ȴѱѪɫĻ磬ƯŲʬȳ
Ҷ첽ǰţؿڱƣһǻյúۡ
ڿԶӪʣһӶʿѸ߱ȥ䳤ҫĹ⣬Ĳ
Ҷⱼʵʱ򣬼̩ڿͼһιҩءȻһƳһˣü̧ͷҶ⡣
£ӣ滹нʮգҶⴭŴ
̩Ĭһ߹ļ磺ҶͲòˡɫǲûϢã
ǿʮοӳ˼ǧ꣬һѻˣҲûˣҶ⼱
̩ɫתߵվţĿİ
£ջɣˣҶȥᳶӡ
ãҶȵĽˣȴֻһ䵭ģС
㶣Щš
£֪ʲô𣿷Ż֣ǺͲʲôЩʲôɣҶνʥ֮ǹâҫ۵ıѹųɽɺѪݹǣܰ𣿡
̩΢΢һĬĬ̾Ҷ֪ʲô
Ҷ̧ͷ۾ϣ˵
ʵʧˡ
Ҷ֪ϦҹϺǵ𣿳Щӳǵİգвһڡǰʮû̵ޣɥڵ֮¡ۿ˲ǰ߷ʿԹһôġ̩ĬĬԶüĿǡ
ǵľӳɷֺܸӣݵİգԭİգǲϺŰĳˡϺЩʿǣײ䡣һͻƲסϺ⺷ôģһӣʱ֮صģͻǡ̩ܳأһһѹҶͷҶǼȻߵһѾ޷ͷˡΪΪܣʱȡֻǶԴ򵥡
ǵ£ǱϾǶʮɱ˵ЩȨ󣬸Щʲô£ΪƽʿԹҪôЩ˻Щ޲ᱻյ۵ĸսֹսͲǰ취һĲܳɼ£
̩ɫĿȴʮּͣûһı˼
£ͷŹǰɣҶⰧţҧ򵽵ϣˣ
ʲô̩æ
ҶŲҪ㲻ӦҾͲ
̩һ٣Ͱᱧ߳ȥҶֱתһӪʣϣת߳ȥ
ſʿ㶵ؿš
ܣ
£Ҷ齾ܣʿ
̩ͷһۣ˯ɣͺˡ
˵תߣƾҶ⺰ɤӶͷһĨīɫ޳ӰнԶڰ׻̫£ȥǰࡣ
ɫĪ·Ѿ˳߰ʮһȦ϶ϻͣ磬ԽԽҵơʿ־Żѣӱϣȴ
̩վһߵأԶԶƬïܴ֡һվţСؿɫ
°˵㣬̩˿ĳо
ȥԸ
𽥽ŷ򶫱ӣԽԽң졣ԶԶӳż̩ɫ
үһʿܹɫɷףСˣˣ
˵ʲô̩ͻһɫʱѿ
СǴΣոѹʱСѾˣʿ֣̿ΡΡ
̩ȻͷһƬ˵Ļ𺣣³޵׶˵ʲô糤˻һųһƬȵĹ
Ҷ·͸ʪﵽǺ˵Ị̇ȺĿۡ
ܣܣҶһһߴ
߽ԭϵĴѩɽɽ³űѩղ
ﵽǿĿİ֦߲Һ޺ӲŨǺǺۣΣֻģģؿкܶӰȥײײ
ܣߣ
ҶұСӵĿȥСĿԽԽ졣
ֱһ޴Ĳ棬ģؿһʿץһ޵ĺӣŵģһѩ
Ҷ⾪ס֣
䣬һؿ͸ѪһεȾĿźЬ档
һɨתҶ̧ͷԶĻ⣬۾
ңңµ÷ŻûþȻôտˣôܾȵù
δʿ̧ˮүӣŵһľս̻̼ȥԽոָ̧ˮһ˵үȥˣòӵ˻žȻҪȥˡ
֪æʱ򣬽Ӳ鿴һһүδҵĪҲδءӱϵĻѾ𣬲ҲյֻʣҽԶԶؿ滹һƬĻ⣬ˮ̧ȥֻܿһͰͰˮ˽ȥ𡣻ƾ޴󣬸û취Ｑ亹乣ðĸݡ
ҵҵˣҽ
һʿӵһںӰǼ̩
ҽٲæȥ
쿴ֱ̩ڵϣҶ౧ڻСزǱ
ҽż̩սӺĺڻңͷѪɳɵүˡ
㿴㣡̩ŭǳɫڵˡ
ҽΣæ鿴Ҷ飬ֻǰѪѾɺԣǲֹѪƤ̽̽ϢȻüͷ
ô̩ǡ
ҽ̾ٳ࣬΢ѪԵʡ
Ͽ㣬һҪκãֹ̩ס
үҲɣûת굤ѽҽ̾˿
Ҷ԰׵ӣţô̩ûھºˣҪŻ𣬱
ܡ𣿡ãʵ
ҽҡͷλͦգһμ
̩һϸüԽ΢΢ضš
ۿʹɫҽүһܾ
̩ٿȻ̧ۣҽ˵үһҲйĶүȻġRѩɽϵѪ˵ĹЧһԡֻǡ
ֻʲô
ֻǴ˵·;ңԶʹҲҪʮܵʹҪȥСҲŲЩʱߣһ·ϵƽӣ»ҪЩ
̩ĬĬĬһȻ·ʲôһᱧҶ⣬Ҵȥ

105

塣
ѩѹ׸ʵѩҰͻһշ壬ӰʮϷȥǱ߾Ϲ
̩סǹ֣ү
ǣǾͲԶˣƽߺá
ǰ̩΢٣Щԥ
ĳ紵īڵķ˿ڷо裬̧ͷԶʵѩ壬̩һнѸطɱȥʿ㣬񱼣ããϽһİѩЮŲѩԶȥ
ǺķѸιѩףҶǲ԰׵ɫһ׵ôۡ
֪һԲԡ
˵н˵ûиһصĹ»ָһأȴҲֻ̡Ѿɱ֮·һ֮Ҷ⻹ǸҶ⣬ԼѾǸԼʱҶ⣬
ֳ̧̩һǱӣӿ죬ëżᶨĲǰڼϵٶ
紵Խ쬵شӹţǡǻں档
ôһžʵ
䣬ѪҪϿŲźáһ˵һ߶ϵѩмź
ߵ£ϸü岻ҶѾסѪܹ졣ڱѪҺ仺ȴ֮³áʱһȫطᶳû
Աﲻܳôȥ뾡ƳƵůһƵůңѪȻӿ죬һٴƿҲѾȡ
޲ҩûУֻҩһȴð졣ҩȻȴҲǲɵãֻҩһȴֻôRѩɽϵѪҸɻУ²ɵѪЧRѩɽϵѪڱѩǧϲſһֻһΣܣֱѪڼ亮֮صͱϣײɵãÿһ궼
ҶҪ³ãҪѪÿɼҩΣм䲻ͣЪŷʮźáµıﳤ깩ѪȴҲѣ䣬֪ҪôŪźá
үȥļҸҲѪǶ໨ЩǮȥ һὨ顣
ҡͷǼĶЩɻҲһһ˲ˣžõģǲġ
⵹ҲǣЩͺǮǧҲһѪûˣҪٶĽҲûá
ǡʾͽ𣬷ɽϵȥ
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ǣ޷лҲǰ׳Էģ֪ô
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ǸԭϵߣչںƵ߿գѩҰûʲôܹ⡣Ը߰ģÿÿ߿գŵˣ˲ʳӲ⹥κࡣһŭͻҡ͵񣬶սݡ
Сʯһ߶ܵɵĳѨһĴѰѪټ紦ޱȣѩ˵ءһ·ʮɣǶͷ߳ˮ΢΢Щż²ıѩʱ׹ȥ춯һЩſڳѨëĵɣĽ
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Ľһɫְ˼֣ΣĬĬԵشͷȥ

106

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Ľ̼ĳ.ǹĨͷϸܵĺ飬ҧ
˫Σֻּ.ǹԴ߲ʮغϣĽϵĳ.ǹٴαڵϡ
̶
˫δ˵꣬ͱĽһڽס
˵ž͸ץ.ǹǹֱٶȾͣȫ˫˲϶˵æ񵲣ֻڣֶΡ
̶ס֣˫ҶţֻزֻСزס
Ľɱһͮͮģüŭ
˫֪ôһС˵Լһ෭.ǹӺɨٴϵĳ.ǹһԾŲȵ.ǹϣ
̶ôˣ˫ɻʵ
ĽĹĵؿŵϵĳ.ǹźһ˦ϱתߡ
˫ôĹĵˣͷûء
˫ƣ֪ôˣ߾߰ɣҲûʲôϰո˵Ҷˣóýϰȥ
һ·ҴתǰԺֻհ쳣ԺȻַǷѾ͸ǼԺȥˮĶ˻Ĳϴĵģæµ쳣
˫ˣС񿴵˫һϲܹ
˫ͷʵôˣҶĶ
СЦһգãүˣհСӱŲůأ
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СҡͷУýЩѾ߶ŶҲֻ͵ſڣСӽȥġ
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˰ɣĽ̰С㣬ҽȥɣ
᱾æýͷöôһε̶ˣ
ĽüһҪΪԼ⼸䣬Ȼ洫ǵСᣬɡ
Ľ̶ʱ⣬ϵˮ˽ȥεظں档
һžͿǸջ·ǰµ¹Ա߼ϣò¶һ߲ѪĽ̿һ磬û°ɣ𣿡
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ḧҶ֣Ų԰׵ûһ˿ӣǰǹ֮ʱͲ֪ɢȥˣֻͷӷᣬ̲סˮӯ
Ҷ⡭ѽĽСš
Ż߽ԶԶطһǽǴҶڱ˺ܳʱ䣬һŲů¶Ȼܲסֻ̿һһؼӡ
ûѲˡһ˵һ߹Ҷһֱֻۣ
ĽѧҲᰴĦþôŪȻҶҲоʹ
ְֱۣĦȽţǶһ޲߹޲չֻССϸϸܵ룬ɭɭĺ⡣ƿ̺ӣҶǰűѾѪ𼸸룬ϸҶϸҪѨλ롣
һҶϾͲ룬Ϊˡһ棬ǲ԰׵Ƥ͸һ㣬¶׵Ľ硣
ôôݰĽ̲סݡ
Ҳ̾ʮûԶôܲݡ
ݽǵһֻ¯Ļһֻҩðһֿɬҩ̨ߵϰһֻ裬мһʢŵѪҶӸ˿ˡ߹ȥҩѾòˣҩּһҩȻѪֳ꣬ȡһҩһˮðʱֶһ˿ĵ㣬ҩƸ
ڻּӵ̿¶ȽҶ⾲΢ɫȴƺࡣ
ҩˣ΢΢һ¶У˹齱߸Ҷιҩһײι̫̫࣬˷ˡһһιţǺĽһĬĬţһ춼ҳ¾ϰʵˡ
һҩι꣬æһ죬ǺĽߣԼտ
ص鷿ֻۣұֱϺȻץۣѪѸɺԣªỊ̇ϥҲĥˣһۡùһƿҩˮĨĨñãӸոմãͨ˵йŷսϡ
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107

ХĻأҵĺѾ
ĿҰһƬɵĻƣһƬƬϡĻĲݽߣݴűıѩѺʹؽʵضһ𣬼Ӳޱȡ
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108

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ݾȻݡ
࣬ĬĬż̩ƺڴĥǰǷš
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ң̩η⺷ֱĿ⣬һֵȻҪݵˣҪǣҲӻǣ￪ʼһǰߣ̶⸴Ͻɽ
ͫһȦȦ鶨ƽ˵Щ𣿡
Ҵ󼾹Ĳӥ췢ģ̩ԣΪ棬ڣָָ̩ź嫵շġ
䣬ΪжܴĴ䣬󼾹Ĳӥ춼Զ۵ʥָ߽࣬Ųӥ췢ģǼߵĳŵ
΢΢һȻ׿ȣϥ£ԣݳԸ˳ܵµıӻݳһһǧεۣ
̩ͷڼæǰŲһصϣ²ҪʧҪʧ
̩϶˶٣ûٷվܸݡ
꣬æǰǰǸսٷ㶣Щһ㣬ŻĸرôͶˡ
ˡɻػһ
ļϼӴ
Ŵ󿪣ǧݳǣûһ˿ֿŵϣΧ·ߣЩ׵ʿӿڣдδ֪Ļ̿ãȻ
رüͷĿᣬĬĬں棬߲ܵϣЩվסˡ
Ͷ̩Ǹ߼ǱסˡʮϸĸöھǣȵݵϢһǾҪɥǡ
ľͻ᲻֪жݰաֻǸ߼ҵʮˣǧ򶼲ֹݵرݵĸĸ٣ݵİڳ޵ĺôˡôܶԲǡͶΣųΣ߼ҵһ˻ǧǧˣˣֵ
ǰţ߹ţ·ߵİաǸһʱҵĹһ㣬ϵĻֲ̿ˣ׷ЦֳкرҲֺǺǵЦ΢΢ţȥȻЩ顣
̩ĴռݳǣݳǵİȻһ⣬˷ͰŸյǽɹ̫һлӹòûʲô仯
º󣬸ˡ
̩ڵڶ峿ŷֵġԼԺһĸۣ泯ûе£ȻֱֱعȴѾӲˡ
޲ʪۿĬĬվһԣа
һˡվӣţҲһصĺӣɽ

109

շƵᣬһڼݱؾţ䳡֮šģ֮ų֮κһ춼й֮޲Ҳǲּģֶ˶ǳأҪýӲӵģԳ.Ϲǡ
ϣһβμʯʹ߽Ŷ쵰Сҹ飬Ϊ뼾õĺֻҹԲɫӨ͸覴ãһӺȡʹǴҲܿҹһȦĹâʥһ㣬Ϣ̫￴ŷմãʮ֮⣬漴ͬʯڽݜغһó̵ͨ
ʱ֣̫СʵϴĸϢȺϵᣬһӹݡ
һϴĸţ̫͹ҲסЦƳ˱һۣŭߵ¡Сʵ۱ȥһ̫ˣʱΣڸȥϣĲԸ
Ĵһ۹۱ǱǹģĬĬվһԺš
ôˣô˵̫ϸɲյţԲԲˣЦһˣ滳ôģүɵλҲã˵˵㻹ܸɵʲô
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ѧʿĸףԼôûϢӣҲ޹⣬ŹԱ߹֣̫ȮӲѧǳã˴ݱռȮ޿ˡԸܳͷƾ̫ﴦá
ʧزȫɴˣرͶѾҲôʧءԺźҡͷֻǧҪΧݣҪסݣҪݣʵʮֲס̫￴һΪ͢ĹְķϣĹΰɡ
˵ǣ۴ҲŸ͡
ϸӹڵϿͷѣ̫󿴵ķӻֵ˺ˣɡȻλ˶飬ҲǲˣξͲ̲˷ٺ꣬ʱڼ˼ɡ
л̫䣡̫ڴģػǧ飬룡ѧʿ»ϲۿǲФû£ʱͿۣ̫ÿˣɫҲ͹
ˣƤӣпն̵õģʲôá̫мƳһۣתͷ̲飬Ǹ߼ôģ
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ʷҦ϶С㣬ܵܵŮ̫ıý㡣Դ̫λԺҦ˶ˮǴߣʷҲԭһССĴʷ֮λ
Ͻ̫üʵǸ֮սаȵ۱𳡵ĸϽ
̫ǡ
̫ȻйϽǾʹƣȫʬɡ
޲һݣͦøˡ
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Ҳ֪Ƿ⿪̫ŭžһϣϹأҪ˶Լǵ㹦ѫΪҲ壬ȴԲ죬ڣ󼾹ͳڣ
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Զ˵ʲô̫סˣ˵ˣհ˵İ죡
̲ʷ鹰ֳǣ׼бԶһۣһĨЦ
Զ̫һۣüţĬĬƿĿ⡣
ϢŭҲϽһƬġ̫Բ
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Զ΢΢˼һֳǡ
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ۿһȺϹŰͷԵĿЦģ͸ˣյ̫ԱС󼸾䣬̫εؿһۣûȥɡ
۵һţܳȥȥˡ
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ɲѧʿЦ̾һƬĮ˴ζĻ⣬ɶûУ⼸ɽ亣ζǿǹ񫡣˻رÿҹ
ѧʿ̧ͷ׵̫ԼԾȥĻ
漸λȻףɸЦɫ
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̫һУĿģô֪ѧʿʲôʱʼΪˣ
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΢ѧʿɤӣɨˣ˴ؾ֪λͬô
һʵǣֻٍ֪Ϻڴʲôס
ݴʤֶ̣º²ʮݳگؾͣȻҪ˵
ѧʿҡͷگؾһǻǳƲ˭ȥɣ񴦾ĸλ֪⾩գδػߵáǻؾˣ˵ʲô
һתѧʿתת飬ȥЩթ˵ƽ֮⡣
һδ룬ؾǣԱº̫̬ȣڱºƽ֮䣬ѡ˱¡ڱ濴
̫Ц˵ĺô֪ͶϣǼ٣ֻͶǼ٣̽Ϣ档
̫ѧʿæƨͶǼ٣Գ͢˵޺£̫ʹҲڲʲô
ִ̫αϣɫָߵڻľϣһһĵ죺˼¸õδ
΢ΪѰǣǿͷðǱһȥ۳ҡֻҪȨ̫ʼղһ佫ѡģȻõһԱͽΪǳǼ⣬Ҳð죬ĴԾ󻼡
̫ĬĬˣǾô
̫Ͷϣȥƽٰݴƽռ˷Գġֹֽ
̫۾ǲɵùһ˿΢Цüȥ̩ţ뷨
򲻿ɣ̲ʷæǰһԴǵȥݣڷŻɽ֡ϵһЩɲСĿһǷչ롣
ɲɣвá
ҲҲУǵǸ˵е̫塣
һ߹ؽںˮ룬ܺˮҰɧţȥݰɡʷЦ
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ѧʿһظǰӲʳȥһ͵ѧʿĸۡҪԶһ㡣
ҹɫڣȻӻתĺͬͣƿ߳ŲҴǰߣǰĽӡ
ģֻһ߰͸սġ
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ڵĳ͢ϸ𽥱ҦһƿǱҦϵĴģҦλҿǳ˲Ҧλȣν߹룬ôҸټϱֶ˶ڳйپҪְҶ֪µα֣ϽŲãһȻǹαɵϡһְǳ׵ҫλã˶ȣôװױң
ӵıһȺǶϣԺӿɲùָһ¶ӣƽռݵʱѵϢȴ֪һ·͢ݱߺż̩ռݡռķͷҦĲܶһЩǣĻã֡
ѧʿŸϣȻͨ͸λòף½һв̽䡣νֻҪţھУٴʲôãٴܴԻһãзоƺǮ㹻ˡҪӹûҲǲеģԾҪ÷Ӧ䡣ѧʿ˼ϸܣ㣬ı·Ǿǳ⡢ۻֹܷǻ
˵֣ϽǸλӵĽϰʦǵĹ̵ģ߻ӸΪ׺̬Ҫ˵֣Ͻһ㶯ûУšƽû׹֣үȴͿǰڷ綼¶ؾǣ¿ɾ͸ռĺҦı߶˵Ķ˵ˣ֣Ͻ˼ȴǴװͿϡࡣ˫δ£շ࿴Ҳãվӡ
ˣˣϿȥɡѧʿӻ֣ȥԺû£㹫ǽ֦ҶȻҪൣЩҪܡ
Щ˼ףĶء
ߣʲôãô꣬Ӷûϡѧʿ㯵ЩԹ
Цһ׵ĿŽӽԶת
ˡһСѾСͨ
һǳ£۾һ죬Ƴһ۽ˣˡ
Ų߹䣬ȥ˯ɡ
ĬĬƤûһ¡
ֱת絽ݣŵذ£ϡ
Ȼޱ飬˯һ
ĬĬվճյؿŽգãḩͷһ£ת˳š
ŲԶ۾ĬĬŶɫʶس
Хӹηһ㣬ŵķɿ죬תֵء
Сææڳ⣬һߺϵĳﶫྡҶһѾܹ´߶Ϊڱʱ䳤ڻ˺䡣һ쵽ȼȺĻ裬ƽ˽ȥûһӱ׼һȵްס
ʱˣҲȥҪްٹë׵Ĵ멣˿ԲģΪɰС˼ǣԴҶԺүȥԣȷе˵ǲȥֻżԺ᲻̲ϼ䣬˵ܺãĬĬͷתִҴԶˡ
СѩƮƮģ԰÷㣬ŵĺáûѾ߸ţҶźĴԺתһѩȻǼ˫ϰӣǱС·Уȥ
ԶԶرԼԼĺҶ΢΢Ц
תΧУֻ˫Ľһһ֧.ǹĽŮ˲ͬһϰ֮˶ƫΪˣȽ˧ɱٶȹΧϳˣʹŮӣҲʮֺáĽȴƫƫֻһѱƵĳ.ǹ˻Ǹľͷ˵ģòǾ.ǹͷ±ߵһȦȥʮֺÿ
˫ҶˣЦŴкһ¶Ľץӡɨһǳ.ǹֱ˫ǰһбʱͰѼ˫ϵĳ.ǹɣͷ˼䵽ϡ
ˣĽ֣Ĳѡ
˫Цŵͷ
ĽҲҶ⣬ų.ǹ˸ĶҶɸۡ
Ҷ⿴Ц
Ҷôˣ䡣˫߹ʵ
ˣͳתתÿǹ
ôɣĽ⣬Ҷʦýɫͦ
ʦãҶ졣
Ҳ̹㹦Ȼͬұʦ㣬ȻСʦãĽЦü䣬Ǵһġ
˫ɵˡգ
˭˵ʦãҶЦ˫ʦ֣ͽܣȻСһӦýʦŶԡ
ʦ壿Ľ̲صɴ۾Ҫ
ҶڳһĴ飺ʦֶŮԡ
Ȼռұˣôʰ㣡Ḻ̌ҶҭһǣЦȥҶ
Ҷ⴩úܺ񣬲ӣֻأЦֲѡ
˫Ҷӵڣæһ·˵ЦţǰԺ緹ȥˡ

110

үÿŵţ߽ˣ
üΣվȥ
µѩΧȻפų͢ľӣݲͬ͢פȻ
һ·ϵ£Ϳӭ
δܹܶ࣬ǵĨϷʵ΢Цȥˣ༸ֳˡ
֡ЦŹ֡
ǵͷżɫ߰ɡ
ûٻǰУǳǳϱ٤ǣһ·
ãҲ
ϸϸůŴأһѩ׾ӨĹ⣬ҫۡ
鷿ɡ
ˡѹסǻҵؼҵġ
ڰ£Ǻúõ𣿡
⻰Щ̶ĿһȻҶġ
һСѾ߶Ų裬ָԱߵӣ°ɡ
Ĭһߵ£յӣʱ˱ǣǳ޵ò衣
Ҫöȥ
ǳǳһڣƷС͸
ǵһЦܹ˲һ¡
жܱûеĺáЦЦնʱͲ١
ŵ⣬͸սһػӰӣһ֧÷ţŲˮʡ
֣ҪҶȥãִƳĬ
ǿһۣ²յҪȥĶݻݣȥ̣ҲҪһȥ
ΣҴݣ˿չ˺
ݣԴ𣿡Ц
ҡ˵ʲôԥһסڡ
ͿĬĬǵĮġ
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Ŀһ󿿵αϣ֪֪𣿡
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˵Ѫ裬Ԫ鸡䣬ܾܴ̼ܵʵڴߣ𣿡
ڵȻһҧĬһ¡֪ҶԺҹս뿴Ҫ衣ûݻڴ̣кܶû󲻵áοԼȰѾǱ߽Ҷؼҡ
ȴܸߡ
ϸü𣬼Ŀɬʵʲôʱܺã
پһꡣҩʯǿӣĺܣҪָǰǲˡ
˱۾ѹʹ࣬ʵ𣿡
ǶȻܾܲ˴̼ǲĺá
ҿ϶̼ģ
㲻̼Ͳ㣬Ҫأǵ˵ţ׵ɫޱ飬۵ȴ΢΢һ˿ʹת˲ţ񵽴ңôƫԶһ·ƽ;ն뵽ʱ𣿡
ԳĬˣīɫӽȥûһ˿
ϵĲ͸յһڿɬ
뿴ԶԶģһ۾ͺá͵͵ģȥЩɳơ
Ǵã˵ͷ
һ·ѩɵӣϸʯשС·ߵһԺ䣬ţȴԽԽϣоЩš
źһοյĵ񻨸ǽ͸οյĻ񣬿ԿͥԺ
磬ůҶϸź̺ӣµɹ̫һ÷۵áѩ׵ĻԡŽɫ⣬ȾŲůɫһ΢ɨ㸡תľ
ĿⶸȻһ̲סǰһȻգͣǵǽ⡣
εĻԶԶؿҶһۣת߳š
ҶĬĬǽǵ÷ĬĬ
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Ҷӱ˿Щ࣬ۿ
ҶգգƤǰģߡ
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ҶŵĻ㣬ֿ̰һתһһԶ
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ʢƹ̻Ļ᳤Ҳǵţһ߲ŷ⣬һʵ̻ô
æصݣʮ߼γѹرգͬ͜ñ͢չƹ䲻ɽıվɣ͢Ȼѹѹлæˡתүƽܷݣʱǣүصġ
ڡ΢΢ɵݺݣƹ˵Ǳ̫ƽ£үܷ¿⣿
Ǳż㣬ʮ֣ǿȴɫ¶һ˿ŭ⡣
ɫã˵վһԺš
˵ֶ˵ã˽Ӵ̻ƹ񣬰һЩյҪһֻҪǹ鸽̻͢ȻǹܣϽɵıԼһɣһǲ͢չ̻ᣬԸǶʮϡǺ͜ƹǾ·ˣȻ˺׬ǮǶʮҲʮ׬ġʮ֣°뱲ӳԺǲ÷ˣٵڵСôҲȼڳ͢үм䱻ĺáۿǺ͜ƹǮңȥˣв̻˶ȣ
ǳĬһݺݵ̻ᣬǿɣûʲôҪġ
ͷʵʢƹδ𸴣
Ŀߵľ߰ɣԸµȻµġʢƹݵγУγһʧ
Ӧһ¡
٣ϼ죬ңңѩɽ޺װޱȣ߲ˡ
ǻظӦôӶߵģǱ·žתһС·ԺֵֻģһƬЦ
פһִٲԶˡ

111

ԭǸԭʣģҲ쬵ģˮɱǲô䣬ҲԶסǴǽǵשϲѽڵˡ
СҶ˼ɫް˵Ҫùϲϲ졣Ҷ⴩Ǻ޵Ĵްͦģ˶ࡣ
ϵžžıò֣ҶůůĻԱ߳ԹӣͻȻȥϦҹĳɰ̾ϢһҲ֪̩ôˡ䣬СȻܽϲС㣡㿴˭ˣ
̧ͷ⣬ֻ˿첽߽ժͷϷñ
˳ӣҶϲ
˳Ц۾ֻʣһˣ֪ҶǶھӪû룬˫ʱò׵ȵϦӪְŰ٣Ǳ㼱Ҷ⡣
վſڸˡ˫վЦŴߴٴߡ
С񿴵˫ҲܿģĽ̲ھ͸ˡ
ֵĵطôĽݴС㡣һŷˣҲһˣò֡
᲻̫ϰĳ棬΢΢ü˳һͿˣæõӡ
СѽĽץĵЦ绨á
ĳֻֿɵۣС񷭸ۺһ
治֪ʲôʱƮѩѩţѶˣ躮裬ȴڣů紺
Ľ飬ȥүҲһҹú֣һ߻װҶ鲻˼͵ôܽ⣬ҶЦŵͷ˵á
ҶԷ䣬˫˳Ӱ̧һߣʱк̧ŰŶԵһ𣬰һѲģΧȲ죬Щա
æͷϵ£ɫѾȫˡӦĽһҹԺȥ
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ҶԴԺǵڶμ裬ллү֮үŴγҶм
ǿɫȻףҶСˡ
˫ҲǵллҶ⡣
ǸɴԲƣһ˼үͦ˵ģǰľҲȥˣ潥
һϲˣʼȰȺģֱˮС̺õĻƣžʹ硣һһþƣС񼷵ĩϯڼ˫Ա£һСģɷǿɰ
ȻʶĿĹ⣬ܿɫ̻ţͷҫۡ˿̻һƷζȣƱյ件ЦůǷ
Ҷ岻ãƣҲ̫ܳȵĶСصϲԵزˡ峴ѿĢۿ˺ȾƳãԼȴֻζزˣЩȻζ
Աзʨͷһûע⣬̲סӣЮһС鳢ζ
һС⣬Ҫ˲ע⣬ʱ̧ͷȴһ˫ӡ΢üͷ
ÿӵֲһǿ͹䵽ףҶڨڨˡ
ͨСһһ˿Ц⡣
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С㣬ҲҪĽ̾룬
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׷Ĵѩ֪ʲôʱͣˣ¶һ࣬ԡ
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Ϻ˵ƣЩ˷磬ҹ
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үȻϲΪʲôӽһ㣿
ɫ΢ƺû뵽ʵô¶ǡ
ΣԽԽˣʲôʡ
ү˵ҾͲʡҲ̧ͷ֪ϳϡ
ûٶ˵ʲô˻ȥ˯ɣҹ
תͷһۣȻͷתԶˡ
ҹɫ¾ĵģһƬסֻżιһ磬ɨϵĻѩɳɳ졣
Щִվ磬ҪԼһ㣬ҪһЩ
ͬһѩҹһȹ߳ߡ
ҹҲվѩһʧȥ֪
ΪѾ߳磬ٲ
ֳ꣬ǰ̧ͷһƳ·һ֧Ķһ˲ȥһ˲ľĶǡʱ֪ԭݡ
Ϊʲôϲ
괺ϵһۼʱƯǱʱЦʱ۵׵ʱɵľǿˮ˰ۣ
֪ʲôʱѾ̽
˶һ
ҩɽ⡣
ȻӰӣȴ˭
֪ûŲԸȥ¶ãΪѡ
ǲӵУֻµõˣȴòġ
ˣ֣ԸֻԶԶֻҪÿ־ͺá

112

ϣһִӶ𣬹âɣѩԭ׳ԶԶȥտѩԭһīɫĳߣѹѹһƬһ֧װľƴ
Ŵø߸վڶǰˣǼҪȥսңԶĶﵽɽѩҰջأײУԡȥҲ˲зϣҲǱȥΪǼأļ԰Ҫȥǰɺ޵ģˮ̤ƽˮ룬Ѫȥ󼾹Զַϡ
ɨվŵĺѹѹʿʵһ˵ңҪô
ʿϵĸֵì˻ŭ𣬺졣
ŭһĺˮһȥصͷ䳤
Ʈ裬Ĳ̡̤ããѩԭĻѩͳ޼̤ĵطѶɼӲı磬ȥ졣ǧּᶨĽŲ֯һӳһ׳ֺĲս裬ѩԭϱӿڣòϢ
ǰϼأһϼأǾͳݵؽ硣
нУȻǰԶһ֧Ķ飬ҫۣɴǧӵŽɫٳϼ⡣
üͷֹ̧֣ס顣ں棬һӵЩԻ󲻽⣬΢΢һŽվǰҲϼ֧飬Щã֪ʲô״
Ĵ£
۾΢΢ְ彣īɫһĹ⡣
ֻһ֧˿ûио߽Ũɱɲسֻʣʮɾ룬ɫͣ²ˡǰ򿪳ţһͲɴʣһɫӰ¶һЦͷԾ
ۿǻȹĽˣһ
ϣʣ櫣ʲô
ʲô櫿һЦת˸Ȧżûļ𣿵ȻҪˣ
˳ŭ櫿Цϸô㻹ûнӵʥּ𣿡˵գգ۾װһȻӵŶˣҪ󸸻ʲǵ̫ǰʥּġ
ѹŭȴȻһֺܲõԤУһже̫˳̫ˡ
ʲôʥּʵ
˵ţһյ۶һѼɤżɤŴʥּ
ɫûֱǸ̫һƹּ˦
¹ʥּˡ
಻ࡣ¹ϵĺЦּ̫˵õԼ
˵žͰһƹؽϡ
ʥּͺˡ
£ôˣչʵ
ûתŭ櫿ȼıʱը
ʲô櫿Ц߹һϵʥּ˾߬ɲܰʥּ˺ˣôʵļױģôˣ
о㵣ۿż͸ηηض㵽һߡ
ô£˵ŭ
ôʲôŻˡĵظ㡣櫿һЦͷ֡
ۿżûҪ˼櫿ƢȥһֻϸӨ׵һߣֻ˵Ҫĵظʿǰ̫ˣǼ˵Ļ˵ǵš
櫿˵һߵƤգգ۾ôİɣڿʼ㲻ռˣҪںաھҵˣĶ⡣
Ȼ˦֣ڽϵֱϱ
ô뿹ּ񣿡櫿˿£̧ͷС°ͣһϧ󽫾ඡ
ŭЦＷ֣㣡
˵žͳһӻ̡֣̤
櫿׼ǣһƥѩ׵ĸͷ׷ȥԱߣЦ绨ô˵Ҷˣɱ붪ҡ
תͷ俴һۣҪ޾ͼްɣλӣˡ
****
ү̻˳͢ݵѡ̻ᣬļҵ˽·ˡῴȥЩż
Ǳֿɳ̣ɳϲ̸ɫġ΢΢üȥɣùܡ
ֹҪǶʮ̻ᶼˣ֪ĻǮ֧ȥүżȻˣү϶Ĵ㡣
̩ˣǺȻʵ
Ѿ쵽ˡݺͽһǸ߳سǱǿƽغһѾʼתơ
ǲɵǿɳ̣ݵشߣһݡ
ֻ̽ҵĵߡѹü壬ɫЩ
룬ʵҪǳݵ
ҡͷ͢ıΧţںͻʱ򡣡
ɳ̿˰Σְ̧ɽѩ߱һ֧С죬嵽ϱߡ
פϱߵǶӪ𣿡
ͷǡ
ĪҰŶӪȥɧŵзҪǿӣ͢ߵıȻϱתơ̩Ȼϳ͢ı̩ȥҲûôס
۾ˣæͷǡ
Ҫˡ
ү˵ʲôӦġգգ۾Цˬʡ
ǵͷʵǸ£̶֪ɣ
ĸҸѽһ֪˭֪ˡڸεı飬үİɣҶС㲻µġ
ϧ첻Ը֪£ĽݴС㻹֪ˡ
еĻ԰һ÷ã۰ǳ죬˵
ûйη磬һش÷ȴ׷ƮȻ׹䣬ꡣĽһĳ.ǹݺݳЩбҡҷ÷֦
ˣǸˣĽһ߳һҧгݵáţǺЩ֦в֮
СöŲ·һʱ֣æСܹ
֪ĽݴСôˣȻү÷Ҳҳ顣Ȼ˵ĽݴС㲻ү򻵻֦ôҲǱĳ.ǹѽǱ.ǹүصҹĴģܻƣֽʵһ㳤.ǹɱ⡣ĽݴСĽÿ˯ǰҪؾ飬һ¶ɡ쾹Ȼ֦Ѳ߻ħˣ
ĽС㣬סְɣСѲ̷ŵһԣæȥСıү
߿ҪңĽ̺ᣬСгӣǰѾͺͺֻ֦һïʢĵط
ҶСȥݲȵЩãһģ϶ȥ԰ɢ
÷ر࣬ÿ䶼УﵽƯŵŵһ·ɾ·ϻ˱Сѩȥ֨֨죬ƹغ͹ʯ᾵ļɽһ
һʩȢʲô浱Ҷ𣿣
Ľŭ̶ֱĤҶ㶣Լǲˡ
ĽС㣬㵽˭ѽҪˣ㿴ү÷ˣСȰ
˻ãּ˾͸ô򣡡Ľǻŭּؼ֣һʱ컨֦ҲҶҷɣһۣԼŮ춼ñţһ㶼𣿣
Сɶͷԣüͷ˼һȻСһףĽ̵ӣСʵĽС㣬òүɣ
үߣŲôأǼǸˣ
ҶɫףڼɽԵʯͷϡ
С΢΢ЩڳԣͻȻɴ۾ȵ˵ġСķ
˭Ľŭһӳȥ°֦ˣž
СһҲСƽһʱˮˣĽʵĽС˭˵ģ𣿡
ôģĽ̰ѳ.ǹһӣ£ģȥɽ¾ӪҼ.ǹһ·ϾЩʿԣ˵Ȣʲôһϲýȥݴ̶ߣһˣȥ̻Ҫ̣ǲӺӪﶼЦˣʹ磬Ҳ˵ģ
Ľˣ˰쳤.ǹž˵һѵĻŴۻˡȻʲô̽ͷ̽ĴһȦССֹɱҶ֪ĵģҸ籣֤ˣ˭˵
СȦʹͷС
Ҷ˸ҲȥˣżɽΡΡվĿ͵һԶˡ
ظһžСĿ޺С㣡С㡭Ķѽ
üһ·Ҵȥӭ濴Ѿ͸ֻŵӣûͷӬһ㵽ת
ʲôˣҶôˣɫʵ
Сһ䷿̽ͷʱŵˣ첽߳ţĽڰظں档
үС㲻ˣȥ˺ˮʱСͲˣС˵˵ۿֺԴ֪ҶĿ֮ûϹ
һѾСô˵ǵĶ;ȥˣٺúҰɡ
ҵĵطұˡСſǻֵ
ĽͷڨڨôôɾͲˡòᡭ̫˰ɣ
Ŀɫһ٣ʵ̶˵ʲôˣ
ҡ˵̫ɺˡĽСֹţ̧ͷ
ɫʱȥǻһŭҲ˲ѯô֪£ȥǰټҲҪҵ
æ䣬һŵ֧֧绹δ֮ǰһ·ĹܳȥҲʶ˭֪ǲүҪҵˡ
ȥˣĶȥˣɫһˡ
𻰵ŻˣæصѾһʱˣߵġ
ţָӼɢȥңһƥȥһͼ߱ȥ
Ѿһʱ֪ߵĶȥˣ
һ·򱱣̫ܵˣһߴǰһҿֻǵûǸɫӰ
սƮǵѩһԽԽÿҪŭˡô죡֪Լʲô𣿾ȻԵܣ𣿣
Ҵұ٤ǣǿտѩҰһ·쵽ããĴѩɽԽԽ󣬵ѩذããһƬнӡ¡ǻͷ΢΢һתȼнѸ߳ȥ
ɫҹķرѩҰڵŰ쳣ǲǰֻһĶһţֽ
Ҷ״ԺҲ߲Զ̫ˣɴ෭һѩһѩѵҹȥ
ô죬ҵҲѾˡ޺޵߿һǰܵѩѣɫˡ
ǰһѩ£ڹߵ÷ɿ죬Ȼ˴죬δӰ
ŰããѩҰһʱӦõɣ̲סüµҶòȥ˰ɣǱ߿ѩɽеɳû
˲϶룬æȥ¸оѾˣֻʣĺͺ¡ֻҪҵͺãʲôҪˣֻҪҵͺã
ХѩҲŷ裬һ˵ʹ쳣ӭĴããţѩҰһƬտѩףȥѰһɫӰ
ԽԽԶҲһַ׹ЩڳûгأѾҵˣѾȥأ
һλܣѩѩתһ·ȥ²ӳ֡
ããѩţӭŷؼ衣ͻȻһĨĻɫôײ.ôͻأô⣬ô١ڵ˲Ծͳȥ
ԭҲ֪䣬һѩǳһѩѣܷ硣ѹʱû
ҶĬĬ㶵ؿԶ붨һ㣬Ŀ͡ĳ粻ʱķ˿ҷ衣ǲ䣬СѾ÷ˣ˿оһ㣬Ӳ
һ·뽹ͣ²žǴŴվ￴һԭĻȴˡ
߹ȥվҶ棬סߣܼ𣬺úõסԼ˸ѩݣ
Ҷع㶵ؿΣ촽˲ϸҡҾǾЩƣȥߣ·ˡ
ǿһãȻӣΪһʧǣۡסĵ׵ɬӣȻǶҵвҪһȥ𣿡
ڰ׷Ĵ۾ֱֱҶһֻ䵥Сһ㣬һͷ
̫Ҳû멣סҪҶ⻹վȻһգ˹ȥ
һæס̽ãֻ˵㣬ûʲô¡
ŰѩݺᣬɫѾȫˡѩµ߻ȥ¾ͰҶⶳˡ
ְ̧ڻǳ彣¾ͰǸѩһѩ
Ҷȥֵ̧ĺ󱳣һЩסҿñȽϺ񣬲Ȼ綳ˡۣҶϣڻŬůССı塣
ͷǲ԰׵ӣһôؿ㵭ɨĶüϸϸܵͦСӺ΢΢԰׵̴
ḧӣһԭڰһˣʧõĸо
Ҷ΢΢ͷɨĶüһĨˡǿѹ̲סЩԹǸľôҪһֱôʹȥҺʱܼÿ֣ȵҸ
һߣĿ˳Ȼħһ㣬ͷӡһǡ
Ҷ⣬չɡ
ҸҸҸ

113

ҶһܳܳΣεûǺˮů룬һһ㸡ˮ̰ؾȡǷů
Ҷ֪ΣԸּʦʦһ£ЦůؿҶ飬һЦסôˣⶼȥˣμӦתֱɼ̩üͷҶ⣬㻹ҵ𣿷·˲ֻصǳ𺣣Щֵĺɱ﷭ҶʹüͷȻһֻסͺˮҵĵһ㣬ץסֻ֣
ůڵģã齱ߣҶ֣ͷ˯գ΢΢ЩʧҶȻüҡҡͷȻ۾ݵķſչĿ⽥£һԵǣ佥
Ľ˵ЩȢԼܳȥ͸·ҵٺǶιȥʲôǵˡ
뵽ԼԵܳȥ϶ǵĲѣҶⲻЩΡҪȻԼֱţҶһæ֣ؽһү
ɫƽؿƺûκһ㲻ڵӡҶȴڵĪ;ñͷƤ顣˵ʲôźȻˣСһ߽ˣʱЦСˣ
Ҷͷ΢΢Цһ£һСҩ룬Цݾͱǣǿࡣ
飬Ҳûȹҩֻǲ֪ΪʲôԴԺȵҩһθһο࣬ζֱˡ
ҩհģҪȺȡСæ˼£϶ţһʱء
ݺĲɹҶؽӹҩ룬غ
ʵ˺ܺź򣬳ԷʳҩҲӿࡣܶҩֻҪ˹Լȣһ㶼鷳ˡεҩ˲ٻȻޱȡҶҩ£ֻüë΢һ£ȴ˵һ֡
ǿۣϣװôǿҩ˿ԱԹ䣬˿Կһôǿ죬͵ûһκ¶Լ
ĬĬ̾Ϣһ̧֣ߵҩ֭
Ҷ̵һһ£ɴ۾һĪСЦҶգգ۾첽תųȥˡ
ֻʣˣձ쳣ΡҶڨڨؿǣ֪λүͻȻôˡһϿҵصǸүԲסҲӦãˡ
һͦҲĵġ
ĪЩȣҶգգۣһʱ䲻֪Ӧԡ
ǸɰͰ޻˵ӣЩεЦˣȻÿεСģͦȤ
ҶҲ֪ЦʲôֻڣۿûҪߵ˼ûһʵүҪӣСȥġ
Ա߰ϰһ̣߹ȥֻ̣ص齱¡ͷڹﲦһȴԣΣһմ˪۽Ҷ
Ҷ⺬ǿ۽סˣ˿˿Ƶζѹڵҩζû̧ͷֻĬĬȴסۿˡ
ǰѹ̷ŵ齱ߣúϢɣӲҪԶˣЩ㡣
˵߱뿪ˡ
ѩɺ棬ĽĬĬǽվţ㶵ؿǸӵ޳ӰԽԽԶת䲻ˡһգգˮԵĴ۾ֱ̧תɿԶˡ
ʮůڻѩУϣӨӨҫ۵Ĺ⡣
Ľֻų.ǹȴ֪ɵδȥˣЩġ˫.ǹһ£ת·Ϯһȷͬһ㣬ۿҪʺĽȴ˿ûһ㣬Ȼų.ǹ·ɨ
˫һæֵתжǹͷϵĺӲĽ̵Ĳӷɹȥ漴׹䵽ϡ
̶ôˣû°ɣ˫һġ
Ľҡͷְѳ.ǹ׵һߣϡ
˫ӣɣ˾ͻȥϢ
ĽҡҡͷĬȻֻϥǣ°͸ϣôţһ
˫в΢΢ŲһҲϡĬĬ̫䣬ɫһһֵغִԲ
һ紵Ľ̵ķ˿ӣо۾ġ񵽱Ƶʵ磬һʲôӵģ
˫ͷһתͷһۣΣô⣿
Ľû̧ͷȻĬĬſֻ֪ǰһˡ
˫ãһ˰㣬ͻԸΪΪΪ㣬ԸҲϧģûκܹȡ
𣿡Ļ̌ͷż˫ͦüë΢΢ţЩã
˫ůůһЦתͷߵϦǵĻõ
ĽҲ̧ͷϦ˼磬ӦǰҶİɡΪҶ⣬ȥ²ѪΪ˴ȥѩѰҡ齱߿ҹݲߡΪҶ⣬ǿԸҲϧİɡҶģûκܹȡĽҲܡ
ۡܡ
ĽȦģЩˣĵסȥ磬ĽϵҲˣֻʣһˡûûﰮĺҲҪˣֱɹ¹µһˡ
Ḻ̌ϥǳճյطûзԱߵļ˫ĬĬרעûתͷûпһ˫峺ĿŶٵİĽϧ
ҹɫ࣬ƵһԲԲϣԡ
Ҷ¹⣬ʧˡ
ʧߵˣֹһĽ̷˸Ҳʧˡ
ҶŴⷢʱգٿǶ꣬ǾɵˡɽǺã
Ḻ̌ͷˡᣡҶᣡ
ҶЩڡ֪ͲȥˣЩ鷳
Ľ̹ʲôҪǸѾͷ
ҶЩǳϣĽ̲ҪᣬҪ
Ľҧгݡ֪Ͳˣߣ
Ҷ̲ס̾Ź֡
Ľ̰ͷӵһߡûû۸
Ҷ̧ĽôϲүԼôģ
ĽְͷҶҲûû
ҶⴹвУطٴȥˡ
Ḻ̌ͷҶǸޣòи˶á
ҶĬĬ̾Ϣһ
ĽĬĬ̾Ϣһ
ҹˡ

ҶⶥȦϴ
ûһĽҲȦƿžʹҡڵ߽
Ҷⱻһתͷ΢΢Ц簡
ʲô磬һ̫ɹƨˡĽûߣø۽۰
Ҷʣ緹ҪҪһ𣿡
Ľ̺һлˣ
ֻĳ˵ŲĴָͷС۽ȴһһ
ҶɫãҲʮֲƣ֪ˡЦһ£Ѿõòˣͻݣпȥ氡
Ľüмһۣƽȥˣ㻹ݸʲôûһͰС̵·ˣ
ҡ
ʲô㣿Ҷ⻹δ˵꣬ͱĽ̽סͷ˭ˣúôŰɣɪ´ܶˣҲ㣡

114

ůʱԭʱ
ԶԶɽȥһ޼ʵĻɫǽϸ۵Ĳѿո棬տ¾ڲݳмģʮɫĻ£۵ĻƵĺϵģƬƬչһֱ쵽ƽͷƢ
ҶһֱΪȥĵطǿϿȣǹ;޴߹µżľﵽȾһֺıдʷĳɣȻֱǰŷԼˣԭûʲôܹϵ㿴£ѩ׵չ裬޴Өѩɽ棬вݳϲĽ޻䣬ŬţţţԲݣȺڣӿı
ĽҶСܳȥ棬٤ǴƬƬĲݳʯԶԶȥݳϵϵɴˡ
СǰӳﵶһֻʷʵѩãһʼƯĽ⼸쿪ʼë³ëǻһɫģȥèҲ̶áСȻýһ쿴飬ȽڿذβιѩֻҰģһʮֲ顣һʼʲôԣһݣֱС֣ϲʯҶӡ䣬Իèʳ
СǼϵĺˮֲһʯĽʯƫǽ覵βèڻﵽšҶԱ߿æ֪͹ȥһ硣ϢĲݵһɣϸֱĻ˱۾ɹ̫ɹɹž˯ˡůůббţС΢΢شҡΣ裬һʵ硣
ĳЩûûε˿ôڣɽµľӪʱȴһƬæµţΣ
үƽѾƳ͢ķߣһ·ѩ Ӫʣ
ǣһǸ߹ѦɽȻ춼ûס
Ѧɽǳ͢ΧĽ죬ƹѾɽ°˸¡ǰϲıͻȻϮӪѦɽæϲϣҪǵıսһû뵽ȴƽѾѦɽԥ״ǲһ⡣ƽѾ嵽ݣ͢ԴƽľƳ壬Ҫ»ʧأʱزס͢Դ
缸켸ҹѦɽ뵽һð취򣬵Ҫٴƽı̫ͣǴ򲻹ʲô취ʱ͢߶˵òŷѦͳƻӪЪȥˣָ˵˼һ¾УҪƽʵȥǾȥɡ
Ǻֻ̩˲ʱͳѩأ˵µһɽˮء


ԽԽĺһӪĺʿܽүƽıֳ֧һ֧һ֧򱱣ϵ֧ѾѩߣˣܱʻҪҪ
ѹǻŭЦʾ𣿡
׼Ȼִһǵ߳⣬ֻһʿүƽѾֻжˣҶЩŮӣܱҪʻүָʾ
ˣŮӣ֪̩ڸʲôã
ǳȥ
شϸĲɧ΢΢ЩҶԣѹ
ȻԶԶһ˻ԼյҶⶸȻ˸飬䡣
Ľ̺С۾Ҳѹֵӣʵôˣ
һ˻ҶͻȻЦ׷ƣ׷ƣ
˵վĴȾܡ
ĽҲ˲ϱβˣæں棬Сţں档
ҶһһĴǰһС£ʱԶԶؾͿһƥɫڲݵϡҶֵĿҪˣǲ׷˭
׷ƣأ׷ƣҶһ߻һ߷ɿɽ¡
С׷ں濴ľģСڣҪˤ˿Ǻá
ҶȽͦģܵͦȵ׷ƺҲĺӻر 
׷ƣҶ⻶ЦһѱסĲӣ׷Ƶĳ徢̫󣬲ײ
Ҷһ׷ƵĲӺëһʵ׷㣡ôˣ
Ľ̺׷Թô𣿻ƥô಻డ
Ҷߵ׷ƲŲأ
׷Ҳǣ˼˵
Ҷ⻹ûӾϲлָͻȻɽ¾ӪǱ߻㼯һˣôϤĺɫòǣ
׷ƣ𣿡ҶⲻԼ۾
Ľֵʵ˭ѽ˭ˣ
˵Ż죬С׷ûϿۿҶĽֳɽȥԱ߻ƥԽԽС̾˿ظں׷
˵һ·ҴӪأֻԶɫһƬˣȫЩߴߴ
죬Ȼɽϱһƥ滹ӰҶ⣬Ŀһæ첽ǰȥһץסͣôʲôҲˤˡ
Ҷܵó徢̫һײϣ˸
Ƿվã˳ְմĲժ
ҶЩ˼æ˺һԼվáתͷ򱱱ߣֻӪرߵľդΧһȺһϤӣЩŮǡǱߵκ˳ͻӪʿųìӪ棬ǿ
үҵˣյŮǽɣ
ЩҶǽǾͽɡ֣դǱ߷ˡ
Ӫһ򿪣ź̾װŮͻӿмۼͿҶˣһһ˸߲ҵغҶ̹٣Ҷ̹٣
ҶҲǵ֣Цűȥ
Ľ̽һпںƲƲ죬мغһǸСҶ̹ء
һȺŮΧһͰҶΧ
ԲһҶצƵıסЦ۾ֻʣһˣҶ̹٣ûˣڼˣˣ
ҶҲ˻ˣΧ߶죬ǳ£ӻ.һŷ⣬ݸҶ⣬˵ƽ¸үġ
Ҷӹŷ⣬ת߻ȥǡ
˵Ǽ̩ţǲ𿪿˿̲סʧЦ
̩˵£һҪϣȥݣǷġһǣһŮý̻Ҷ⣬˶סԾˣ鷳үտһ¡⣬񶬵ʯ̿ȡůѾͲǮˣչҶѡ
һȺټһƥߴߴֵɽȥͷۣôǶٸŮˡ
Ҷ̹٣˺𣿡
Ҷ̹٣㻹𣿡
Ҷ̹٣ûǣ
Ҷ̹٣Ư
Ҷ̹٣ո˾ү𣿺˧ѽ
Ҷ̹١
Ľ̳ױˣơ
ɤӣĽߵǰ棬˵ǴĶģ
һȺŮתͷĬȻֻعͷȥΧҶ⣬ߴߴʸͣ
ҶҲǳۣò״ȺＷߵĽԱߣЩЩԺǾյŮ˵ġ
ĽͲµˣͦüңһҶ⣬Ҷ̹ٵʦ㣬ԺǽĽݽ̹پͺˣ
һȺŮ㿴ҿ㣬ûдġ
ǵ̬ȣĽ̳ŭˣģǵû˵ʲô
Բ۾ʱһһݵĽݽ̹٣Ҿϲģ
Ҷˡ
Ϧ£߲ɫϼţԶԭһλ̴ϼŮޱߡ
ԥһ磬ջûɽ̩ĿԶĴѩɽĬĬҶ
ĳƮڶǰݳ
Īǣ£ȻγγҲǿɰ͵طöˣ˵ݵسǱҲǿǺβȡݣ
̩̻ģܶڳжǻҪסܺ͢
ǸطĪһ⡣
˵شݱߣߣݱϣһƬɳأӲǱ˵ŵأûԸȥ
̩ܲ𣿡
͢һţ߹һ˿Ц⡣̩ҪȥȻ֪ΪʲôȻɺӣĵʮԽؼ֮ڣʳʮֽӽɽͽˮһУȥʳǵ·ֻһǽ𴦵ĵ·ȴͨ˴ʵΪǶصıұ֮ء
Ī͢Ľ˵̲סƽµս۹Ͷأûü
¡Īֹ
̩ôˡ
ĪԥΣ´ݣ;Ҳᾭ
͢ԿĪɫˡ
̧̩ۿããԶû˵

115

ˮһ㣬ƽȥźۼȻµĵεΣջۣȴĳһȻɺûɽ
СĻèѾȫ̥ǣһֻѩ׵СӱһֻһɫĴӡ
˫ɽԽԽӱӪȳһϸϸ··ԳɫҸ
ĽҵȤÿ첻ܵ٤ߵŮӪְһ̹Ӧ
Բˣغڡ
ΪҶ̹ѾˣĽ֮ǰʶĽݽ̹٣֪Ҷ̹ԭôʴȡ
ֶʲôûԱ𣿡Ľ̺СóԲĸ첲ֱ
ԲֱһԳţСֹţûԱǸûԷΪԳû׼ԷĽݽ̹ٴҲ湻ϸģ˵ʮʮһɡŵʮ˸Ͳˣ⻹ģ⻹кܶŮʮŮǴûϷ
˵ʲôĽüҡ
û˵ʲôԲæϡ
Ľصͷֳǰ߼ָһŮơ
Ľ̶ԼҪߣԱҪҲܸߡǰʱΪһϰٱǧ飬òݡǹҲǣӲü˫ҪʲôԾԼȥѧȥá
ҶۿŮ۵ÿҪˣȥĽһ£ϢĽ̺ܲмغһۣд̸֡
ţͻȻǰһŮҲŲסһɷɵϣڴڴŴŮʱҲйɵڵأˡ
ĽüһǸʲô˭ͣµģ
ˣĽݽ̹٣ĲˡһŮɫͨ죬һߴһݵ
Ľ̰һ壺ûֹô֪ͲУ
һģŮڵķôһʮֲбͲܣǵ̹ٵƾʲôһֱûԣ
ʮһܲ˾ͱԹԲ˿࣬ǵʲôĽɰѵ룬ҲԣûʲôʸԷ
ŮƾʲôûʸԷǲһǾʸ𣡡
Ľɫƽ̧ǣǰɣ
תͷһȦֻЩŮǶΧٶһԹߣϸߡ
ǿˡֽСľӵһߣĽ̻¼򣬸ſ£ڵϡֻһһµŸԳţȱ׼
ŮǶԱ
һʮʮʮʮʮߣʮˡ
쵽ʮֻĽ̵ĶԽԽԽԽЩͷ΢΢߳ˮ͵ͨ졣ŮΧԱţЩۼڽֻġ
Ҷ̲סЩţĽ̼͡
ʮʮһʮ
Ḻ̌žһһšʮʱֱ۲˲ŲֻҧأӲֳһȥ
ʮߡʮˡʮšʮ
ʮҲûЦˣĬĬؿḶ̌ζĪ
Ľ̲ûͣ£ֱֻۣһδθȥһδŬĲɣ˵ʮֳÿһϳ̫ѨߵѪܶ΢΢ͻ𣬿ȥΡΡġ
ʮߣʮˣʮţʮ
ŮǿþˣЩҶʵѾˣȻԼϾһ㣬һһȥ
Ľݽ̹ټͣŮΪĽ̹ľľ塣
ʮţʮʮһʮʮ

Ľڳ³һſڵϣҲˡΧŵ뻶̲סȸԾ˷ܡ
Ļֲ̌ܿͷ̹ٵĿɲôûƵڵϡ
мŮʶҶһۣĽæһҶ̹پ˰ɣǸС塭
û˵꣬ҶͲȻһЦУ
˵ֱ
˵⸩ԳǸҶֱûʲôʮЩ첲òСĽ̺üͣҧҧǣסˡ
ʮ壬ʮʮʮһʮߣʮˣʮţʮ
ڳŵʮҶⷭڴڴŴϹʤ΢ЦŮΧŻһĬĬصԼλãһһ
磬ϼգõûˡеŮԾʮԳţû˽пະۡϳŨζСţ㡣
ҶͺС̫ˡʵ֤ˣ˧Ҫ۵ģĽ̵Ĵ̧첲СľҶֱڴ졣
˽ʼĩ˵ٴˣܵϴѩﶳιȥòײŵôһǿˣҶǸţô侲ܻ벻鷢侲ȥ
ڡ
ҶɵüëָǸľʮҩ裺ʲô𣿡
ǿţƢؽ͵ƽճԵǼζҩƳӳŷ㣬ԺͲúҩˡ
ҶĬĬŶһȥƺ̫ŵӡ
ǵһ̫˾ԡٸ͹ֶ䣬֤һᰴʱҩ뿪
ЩҩాƳģΪٺôҩã衣ִ߽ҩĽء
ĵʱһݳﳤߴǮƬŹеºͶӡ
ıפݳǱ⣬ӪټƥݲãӪСôݵؽ粻СݳǺСһ紾ӵС
ݴƬضǲݳũׯڣܰȣҲƶȻ̫ƽʱȻؽ糣̫ƽ
ݱȺĺˮ룬һˮϣббˮȥһбεݷֳ롣ˮǱ߾Ǻˮˮ⺷ײУɽɱӣ޶ݰ亦಻ԣ߷ÿһһɽˮĴȴԲֹǵϮ
ڼǰټԭеаפҲǼʷɵݵľӹģһΡݰ֪ӵģ˶Ƕޱ顣һɫװתһȦһƬƬ޾ĽмĿ⣬Բ١
ҪˣӲúڼֵأͷɽܣŻռݵıˡССֵĴ½ܲǰ취ЩıԲߣôܻΪһǺݺݵĽѵ
ͷԽԽߣ磬ĳ˲ڣŵ䣬ǡ
ԭȵľŻӣڵİݵķأݾԭǸֵ̰ССӣô꣬˳߳ܶ࣬ȻЩľګҲû١̫ͺܸˣڹʱ򣬼ĸãҲԼݲڿݣ۶ˡ
̫һ뼾ȥԷ£æھһֱû˵ȥѰпգǸŮ˲ڣ׼ȥԼ
߽ţسŵ񣬼˵ͷȥڳǶߣһţת֣·ݳǲһɵǳĽֵС̯Ŀ
һ·ǰȥȻ䱻ײһ£ԱãֻһͨĸŮﱧһޣһ¨װЩֻᡣ
ԲԲ𣡡ӵŮŅ̀ͷ˼һۣæͷ·ӡ
˻񣬺ȻǸŮ˿Щ죬ͷȻ飬æͷιһ£
ȻǸŮ˷ǵûͣԽԽ죬ֱһ
£ôˣֵʵ
˲ϻش𣬼ǰ׷ȥһͷˮظں档
ιȵȣһ׷һߴ
ǰܵŮ˻ͷһۣۿҪ׷ϣʱһֵı飬Ǽһǰ潥һܼСӣŮæ굽Сͷܡ
ܵСʱֻʮ˵䣬ѲӰ
üЩŭô˾ô׷ˡ
Ȼұߴһ޿üһæǰһСת䣬ʱͿǰǸŮˡֻǽغźӣһ׷ʱɫ԰ף
ĬĬǰЩŵʣл濣𣿡
ǸŮæͷͷסһʹҡͷԲԲ𣬹ϴˡ
﷢ᣬ£Ҳ˺ģҡ
Ů˻̧ͷ¶毺õݣл˭л濿˼һۣɡĺӿ޵Խлĺӵĺ󱳣һš
Ͷĺ𣿳ƯСŮֻǺӽˣһ˫Ĵ۾صżȥǺ档
صءӺȻСĿˮ
˵ʲôȤʵ
лɫżͺЩƵӣСڽС
ЦźС֣ԣҪߵһ
СŮߵСĿˮؽеصء
Ц۾ְѺӴл濻ﱧƵıڻһһߵضЦϵشչȥӹл濱¨лӲرȥˡ
ǼĶȥ磬𣿡һߺźӣһл濡
ߵ¡лԥһڵͷ
һ·תתȥ˺þãһƫƧǰͣ¡л濻ͷż⣬˺죬΢΢ЩΡ
̧ͷǼصũСԺЦҡҡ֣ǻؼඡ
лЦƿţû߼ͼһɫС˱СƵĳ嵽ϲ
ԣлСкͷԺȥһ๫˭ˣ
зСкú㣬üĿ͸Źɴſл濼ͷһߴһ
˵ţֻ߳һˣ޳ݰ׾һ˫ĵۣīڣ䡣̧ۿԺˣһ£𾪣β͹ϲЦôˣ
СŮԼ׵ʱ˷С첲СȾҪЦŰӹȥС
ţһߵ¡ڵİ裬Ȼ㲻ϿҾʲҲ㲻Ͼʮָɾ࣬ǽϹһīͼһоʿ徲뵭
磬ﻹðɣ˺þãѹǰĺܶʣЦܰļңлһƽ͵Цݣܶ鶼ʡ
áأ˵˽սһҪעⰲȫǰôçײ
ͷ֪
л§ŷڼԱߣЦ񾲡
ʣĸðɣߵ𣿡
źҡͷ̫Ǩйȥˣȥʱûܼ˵廹ã㲻õġпգһȥ
ףȦЩ졣
ͻȻʲôʵôûҦ̫أ
һ٣΢΢۾ˣûӳڹûˡ
˵ĬĬͷС棬û˵
ʲôˣ˭ˣѾķһЩʱЩֵʵ
лæԣȥ
쵽ˣлȥһҪԷҲֵĲߣˡûˣ򵥵СŰ׷һΧųԵͦ㡣
һ߳Էһģ֪⼸ľһ·ӾȻҲס̫͵ٳҲû棬Ҳ֪һ˾סݳʱû̲ԶգдЩֻЩɶģһЩʱеī͵лõȥҲ
һĿסʮְȣҪʲôҲҪʲô
˼ĬĬЦŵͷ
һңţЩء
˼һڣܰĻ棬Ȼտյġ֪ҪʲôʱҶֵܹҪݽҲüʣֻҪһͺãƽƽعӣһֱصͷϡ
صӪأƿӪӣʱͿ櫿淭ʲôһ΢΢һ˲ַӦһЦˣ
ôߵ£Լˮ߹òˮյ͵ߡ
˹յԼȣ櫿˳ƿ§סĲӣԹȥĶˣȥôãң
һ˵ţһ߰䣬ĥš
²յ櫣㸸ʵʲôϧɫࣿ
櫲ͷƵģſƵʲôҲ֪ɫԸģôϲ𣿡
˵ţֻǰ·޵ḧţһͷ򢡣
üͷīڵͫɫ̧ס櫵°ͣѹϣ¶һ˿ЦôȲ𣿡
ѵ𣿡ڴؿֱ׶ҡ
롣ɿ֣ɫ䵭Ҫ㡣

116

³һǰٻڣĻʼŵʱǧ죬涷ޡȥٻھԭ¡صĽգͬڱĵطףİٻڲͻݡԭϷƽһ굽ͷͲĻһ㶼ϡ棬ٻڣһŮʢᡣ
Ҷţ½ǰ㱣أŮҪýǣߴţֱ붴ܼǸҪһӵ˳ʲôģĹ飬СҲرӢºˬֻҪ໥ϲ˫˲ԾͿ԰ϲ£ᵽһӡС׷ԣ׷СҲûʲôУһжôΨ黨ÿš
˰ٻڣһǹСǻԳﰮĽĺûᡣС￴Ϲһ仨յĹ⣬ͻѻڶ߷ϣС󰮾ͳɹˣԱŹҸû˵ĵطȥĻᡣǿĳСҲ仨Сǰѻ֦ҧţϲȥø籧ˡ
ȻҲһЩ󰮲ɵʧߣÿֻһ仨ʧܣǾֻܵٻڡ翪ţ㣬ǵİҶҳϣԵЦһڰٻͳ仨ǻᱻЦģû˻ϲ
ǵ˰ٻ죬Сһϴκӣʰĸɾ־񡣹Ƿ׷״ƯڻЦ׷֣һһԼɣʱԼͻ
ĽȻǵȥٻʱʢһ˷ܵĲˣੲݵؽյһɫĻмЩȤ£ŪҶСҲĲˣʮȥհһ
⼸ЩæµҶȥ棬ȻҪšǰٻֽգ˶ӵĽǸڵģġ
˰ٻ죬һǼ˫ϰӣǱһȥһʮˣżװں汣ȫûװƽҴǳȹʱʱ࣬˶
ں棬СֹţС컻ȹӣȥŮˡ
ͷһ۷ɨһȺûõ˶ʱ˵ӣͷƱ졣
С㣬ƯԺһҪഩȹӣĽ̲ܹȵ§ֱۣ¶һЦ
ЩӲȥһ㶼֡
Ϲǰٻֵĵطﻨ˶Ŀ࣬ܶ˶ϲȥ棬֡
·˸ʱϹȵʱѾ磬ǴïʢĻݣֵˣЦ棬ظ衣ҶС·ǰţЩŭŵĻ䣬˵Ĺ鿡ʵСӣǻ質赸Ŀ飬۶ˡ
ǿǾ赸Ľ˷ܵҶСǱ߱ȥ˫ǵܶˣæȥ
ֻһÿøߴ£һȺ޵ŮΧԲȦ裬мһСﱧмխͷƤԵŻĽ࣬ŮŮһһתȦгŻСЦɷ
Ľ˳ؼ뵽ȺУŽһһЦһתȦںڵķ˿
ƤĵСﳤһ˫ϸ۾ЦӯӯضƤõԽ
СѽһĽЦţһ߳С֡
СûӦͱСǸȦҶӲñıģۿҪҪͱһֱֻ
ǵǰЩĹСǵ룬ҶϵȴûɿôڻⱻӵȺײ
Щ죬ҶĲڣŬԶһ㡣ΧȺŲӡ
ʲôǴŲ͵ˮˡ
Ų·ԵˮϣҶεСеȡ
ЩȣҪˣǼðһϸܵС飬̧ӣ
Ҷ⣺
ʶػͷһۣȻͼǶڶүһҶͷæƿĿ⣬װעһ㣬Կ쿴ؿ˳
Ҷ־ΣЩӦøү˵ˡ
ĥŸοڣȻһĹԽӸ߰Ȼ˵ĻơһˣȺֵ֣ɢȥĵطȥˡ
Ľúܾˣ˦˦ˬʱǸƤĵСȻ߹ȥӱóһɫķβ͵Ľǰ˸ƵĹ⣬ڴ
Ľ̺ȵЦˣӹڱһ£ȻĬĬǸС¶һί΢ЦܾˣСʧȴǳѺõЦһ£Ȼͷתˡ
һ·߱棬ĽЦ绨ò˫ȵ޷ֵյܶС͵Ļֻһ⣬Цžܾˡ
һĵЦݣ˫ԽӶȵطաȥٻڵʱҲ˵ͻϰףֻһֱԥòͻĽ̡һֱԥ̫ɽᶼɢˣҲûǶ仨ͳȥ
Ḻ̌һЦÿģ˫Щ̲סڴȥͻô᲻ҲرڻȻһֵ΢Цܾ
ĬĬԥ˴죬˫ڹ¶ģҪ˵һΣ˵ô֪⣿ʹܾҲûʲôźˣ¸ҹŬϵ⡣
ϸѡ죬ժһ使ŵβ覣Ŀ΢΢Ŀ⣬˫ĽǱ߹ȥһһֱߵǰ˫΢ЦؿǶ׵βٵǰ
Ľ̿Ƕ仨סˣЩؿż˫۾
˫ÿҪĳˣֻЩѣûнǶ仨Ѿʲôˡ
Ŭһ˿΢ЦԼЦĽȴͻȻǶ仨ӹȥȻȵ§סĸ첲ϲãô֪ϲβ
˫Ѿתˣ֪⵽ǴӦ˻ûӦĿҪˣûȥʸĽЦûûεģ˫ŵܡôĵӣȻãʵһĵģѾܺˡ
ԽԽ֣ŮٻЦַǷһòӢСصһŻڿЦŰΣֲ̧嵽ϣһͳȴ⵽ܾСõļϿ޺۾ʨӵСʮˣһһյĸѶȶһƬƬкȲˣĺͯȺȥЦֺ֣
˰·Ľ̶ˣҪȥԡһ˵ʶһţرóԣһż˫Сת۾ܵûӰˡ
ܶˣæȥȥӣ´ҿڿʡ
ֻʣҶǣĬĬվ·ߣ˻
´һȦûĽ̺СӰҶͷְһң΢΢Щ
߹һɫСҲ֪ɵģ̧֣Ҷķϡ
Ҷ̧ͷĪؿ̧ͷǶ仨סˡ
ְѻժһ使޵ĺģҶЩҿ۾Сʵүʲô˼
ǲʣ㻹ǵãӦʲô𣿡
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֪ڻŲҿҶ⣬ҪңôġҿԶ췢ģûܱҶá

117

ԴӰٻڹҶͿʼǣϿ飬ҪȥŮӪһ죬ҾǲĳЩ档
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һ·ҴƹӣԶԶӪǱɸȼܵĻоѲԥԥǰ
˵ҶųԲ˳Ƭ𺣣ʱ;һƵϢ
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118

Ҷ⼸Сĵ̧ᣬֻϵ˿ںһ·ϲͣѪ
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119

ɫδʱ֣һƬҳѹ֡ɽϣһڷбۣϵĺʿ۵ÿڸҪˣȴɲͣޣҼһٶȡ
ոոϵϹ鱨ԶԶؾͿҲһƬҵĻսΪҡһڼ׵ʿӦľӣñϹŻɫӣӪʿһɫףʽƺǖɹľӡ
ҵӪܱ޳ʱոմսϢսòѪŵʿ.æѶϱߵսһ飬ӪԮ
޳üͷ֪ǺáӦӵǲϻʦǰȥӪȶսߡɹͻȻϮϹȣͼ̲ϲǴʱǳϹһɹС
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ɫԽԽԶԶĶǰף峿¶ڲҶ䣬һ㣬Ө˸
潥һδ˯Ϻһ˲ŷ˲һ룬෢ǵ̫ѨϨƿӣŻҰɫЩȣܾûᷢЩʲô
ҹϵݣʼ˽ݵγǰ⵽ϴ٣ɻ˺ܶ࣬ʽ𶼱ϯһգʢƹ䲻ûһ˿ѶϢһʱʮ̻꣬͢¡
ʵö˵ʲô˶ܿϴγǲȻǳ͢˼ٰġֻûƾʵݣҲûʲôãѲɻȥ״ӣظ泯͢ǿ񲻳ɣưͿֻˡ
鷢չز²ֻһγô򵥡ǿγĲûʲôġ͢ȱǮôһҹķӡΪʢƹһߣʢƹܻûǽٳʢƹ񣬵Ǻ⣿
һֿܣʢƹǵϸǱ̻ʮֻ꣬ΪһŪϡһֿܣʢƹϴγʱ򣬿֪ʲô֪ĻǱٳֿ֡ܣ̻еϸˣʢƹץߣԴжϡ
үʱʢƹ̻Ļ᳤ʮ꾤ҵҵѺϽһԵһֿųʣֶпܣһ֣ǾͲö֪ˡ
ү߽رش
üͷһģʲô
һɡ
ͷ˳ȥһһʮͷرθݣͲߣ°һƲСɽࡣ
үرЦһž͹ֹݡ
ǵͷʲô¡
رڨڨЦΣЩͷСЦүǰӦǮ޽cɽԺʣµѣҪˣǡ
ĬĬţֱ˵꣬ڵӵģҼȻӦǮԺȻá
ر԰˿ϴһʯͷءݱض½ĴκǶɹΪȻףѧʾͲ˺ܶࡣݵһ͸ŵﵽɹΣֶʶһ˽ѧʲôģһûСرݿضʮ꣬Ƥϣһ۵ĶûʵҲᡣÿһιԱĳϣźԺѧʿǲѧ㣬ǷѡǾΪϵȱݣμϴһһ꣬˶ʮ꣬Ҳûһ
ȥʱһȥүǮݰһѧãûѶ󹦷үͬˡǺԺر϶Цģû¾͵ѧõĹϳһһ顣ŵݵҲܽٴ죬Ҳü
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رüͷʵүʣµûˣֳһر¾ӪŲá
վڴǰĬȻоЩҡΪûӵ⣬ȴ֪Ϊʲô
үѽѧõһϣȹʱ˵Ὠ顣
ҡͷˣֱӸͺáӪҪȱӣҲһ㡣
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ĬĬͷ׼ǺʱȥγͻȻ洳һˡ
үֻһ׵ʿܲ˵س滹ŵûסظںҲܽ
үӪϮΣŷսϵ̨ɹϮϹȣǧ񱼸ŵʿ˻ź˵һ仰ʱ̱صϣ괭Ŵ
һ׵ɫ˲ͷɨһۣϷ̣
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˵ʲôϵӪ顣̯ӻûȴҲ˲ôˣҪĴӪҲ˸ˣ;ĩ·ûп֮
ɫ΢Ӫոռܿ׼֧û뵽ˮûտʹҪϷأһȺСЩ񣬲˵⵽ϮǴԺҪפôҪȥˣ
֪ʲô飬ô洫ЩСֻзӵķݣʿ緹ûϣҴææְӪʣо·ȥ
Ǵǰ㷭ɣǷ֪սôݣˡҵǻϣȵȪ֮£Ҳȥĸˡڡ
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ŷսһ̨ɹϮϹȡ͢ıҲѡʱѣϮӪɲɵģϴγڵʱЩѵֻɺ
üͷϸüԽԽдƣ롣ټһ͢ľô𣿷ҪϾ·
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һｵһŰ޷ĽݴС㣬Ҳǡ
ʱɽϵľƺԼһ㣬һҹ뻻ϽƲõʢװ
ůб̵ҶŮɽȱҼ裬һȺŮǱȥæšĽŸңϣһûµСëһ˵Ĳȣһ˵ûСˡ
һȺܵòֺȻһĿԶԶؾͿһӰŷսϡ
Ľεü֪Ǹɧʲô
̶ڸʲôأŷսϴĽԱͣ¡
ô۰ͰͿţôеؿḶ̌ûһĲڡ
Ľһûæ𣡡
ŷսüұʾɣֳĲңӵһߡ
ŮǶʱЦĽ̺ŤŲӴЦʲôЦʲôЦģ
Բһߴһ߳Ůǻָߺߣ
Ľ̼ˣ˭ߵģһ
õĿɲܵһ ԲЦһãתһŮԽԽԶҶ̲סЦһ£Ҳˡ
ĽСͨ죬ŷսһЦ
ЦʲôЦåĽ̺޺޵һţ㣬ұЦ
ŷսϺƢعϴǣҡ
Ľ̰һۣأԴת򣬲һ
ŷսϲظϣȴȥں档
̶ҪˡŷսƵ
Ľ΢΢һ㶣ϳͷ߿ߣô࣬˭Ҫˣ
ŷսЦЦظں棬û˵
ĬأһƬƲݵɽĿĵߡ
ǰ浽һϸԵСӣСǰţŷսϺȻĽ̼
ѽ𣬿ôĽһ
ûӦŷսһֱֻ۾§סְ̧Լϡ
Ľ̴󾪣ʱҵ
ŷսЦŽһȦڻ
̶ĵظ㰡Ů˻ǹһȽϿɰ˵ţ°ʹĽ̼ϣĦѩĲ
Ľڵغоڷգſңå
̶ŷսϲܲˣأҾҺһϲ㡣
Ľ̶Ȼһ㶣ˣֻúŵǸʵŹȷ̣òСһε˼Ҹףһô̬ܵоޱĻҡ
ŷսݺỨԶ꣬Ȼʲôɬ۵ëͷСӣؿž棬һһʴŹķġ
Ľ̿ȥֵģʵǸСŮ򵥵ĺܡʹ࣬չŵİٺϻһ㴿ףʥָ߹ĴݲУȴ̲סҪڻ.һӵȫ
̶.ŷսֲӣ˵ǲǰˣ
Ľ̵һԱȥ
ŷս§ЦôŸʲôҶġ
Ľ̺ͷһ£ʱѪӿ޺޵å
ŷսЦЦû˵ɿ˫֣ǰ棬һ㡣ȻһһֽȦḶ̌ǰš
һֺսڳƲݵɽȾһ׳ıϸϸķ˷˿ڷоᣬƣ࣬衣
ãŷսϸЩҵķ˿ʵ̶ҵĻʺ𣿡
Ľ̵ɴۣ˵ʲô
Ҫȥˡŷս΢΢һЦãҾͻ㡣
Ľüоֵֹġ
̶Ը𣿡ŷսִŵʵ
Ľ̺һŤӸҳ𣿡
ŷսϿһǳǳ˺ۣ΢Цʲôʱ˵Ưˣ
㣡ĽС죬žҪȥ
ŷսæãɫ磬ͷߡ
˵˰ɲܳҲڵʱ򣬵Ұˡ
˭˵ˣҴӦĽбһۣ߰
ŷսЦ׶ˣҵˡѵ㻹벻ظɣ
ĽƲƲǲмͻȻʲôתͷŷսϣüʵȻ˵㰮ңԸΪȥ𣿡
ȥŷսϲ⣬úõĸҪ
Ľ̺һһ߰㰮һˣͻԸΪΪΪԸҲϧ
ŷսúЦ̲סͷ涼װЩʲô˭ƨһ˾ҪΪȥ˶ˣʲô
ŷսУĽɫͱˣһ˾ͻģҪ˸Ͳʲôǰ
ŷսüͷ̧Ľ̵°ͣʹŤͷһǲʲôһ֪ˣҲ㡣
Ҳ
ҵĸˣҵĸҲˡˣǾʲôûˡŷս۾ңԶɽҪȥҵһСȻڵûһǰأһһڡ
ĽƲƲ죺ʲôûУô
㲻ңŷսδйļᶨȻǰ·ѣҲġʹԡѪսʹһҲҪҡ
Ľ΢΢Щ죬ߣ˵ıȳĻ˭Ӧˣ
һѱģҪƽСѾжᣬ˹˵ҪԶţǸսءŷսӣͻȻһǰδеŮˣҪˡ
̶ԸҶ𣿡ŷս϶۾΢ЦֻҪһŻҵĻʺ󡣡

122

£ѾʤʦĪ첽߹͢һµķͣ½ӷΪ
̧͢ͷ˼̩һۣתͷǰߣĬȻ
ϸƵСѩ׷̩վһʵûţ
ûС
ԶƵأ̩оЩƣܾЩ̤ʵ
Դӳ͢ǲȥݴԺǾʧȥϵŸûˣŸǲܣ̫İ޴ڣʹտǵһһҲ˿Ӳ˵۾֪ôһ˳ͷֻδǼ¡
͢ǧȥݰɡ̩תͷ͢ѿ޹ûô򵥣ҵ¡
£̧͢ͷһ˿⣬תҡͷУսϲ˼գȹߡ
̩ļ򣺡İɣµġ
ǡ͢Ȼԥ
ӪһӵʿвٶԭӪģ߰ɡľӵǳ͢ıԼıʮһӣ·ز̩Ŀ䣬㵽ݣҲýӦһ¡
͢ԳĬΣ̧ͷż̩֣رȭ͢һʹ
ɫģƺҪѩıعţ糾ŰŴϵһɳĻѣһξͻ찵أǷɳ˻ͷģô
һ·ҴҴ򱱣ڿ쵽ݡؾݾڣݳǾͿƵϣֱݡ
֮ΪݣΪ˽ܵ飬۶ഫò˥ɷˡ˲Ů٣ֻҪһݣǾĽޡһ߷ĵؾ壬һ̲סԹԼôûǸõطҪȻ˵Ҳ볯Ϊ٣Ū
Ϻо̣ݵǻδȥȥһܵתתմһմҲǲˡǧһ£żʮװݵĬĬ͢棬һ·Ҵͦ.
͢γп㹦ճֻױ˿ȥĿ׺ç쳣
γУԳ֮ΪضԶ͢¼̩Ҳôȥֹ͢û͵ּͲ洦ߣ˵оˡΪ˳ͨݳǣ͢һ˰ݵѺǿͨͱ뺾ȥ
˵ǰݴܺˮغˮһʮ˸磬û͢ͽƣΪںͬһ͢ھողŰ䲼ҪݻҪһʱ䡣Ǽ̩ôһ󵨵ľٴ룬͢ǰ͢ͱ߷ʿ֣ͨ͢ھδ˭֪Ǽ٣˵ˣ˭ɵʳװȥ͸ݵֻͨɻһҪȴܵġ
ݳʱһϦб̵磬ոһѩŢڳŻδءͨص뺣͢ǧݳǣ׼ʱһϣ˳㲹һ¸ˮݳǾǲĻĮûзЪŵĵط
ŢĽֵϣǧĶ̤ŲѩҴǰУ˷׷׶ܣ΢΢Щɻ󣬲֪һӻ˵ĶǴġɻɻݰǵȣݲȵģûбֳһ˿пĲ˼ɱһݼѵصľȻ绪
ԶԶ컹һֲʺѪȾʡ
ĵ̴Ӫҵϣʱáȥɹˮ͢ʣµʿȥ׼ҸյӪϢ
䣬Ȼһ̵ҷҵغ͢ü壬תͷȥ
ֻһƥеĵǰɢһѲƥѾϵˮŪۣԱ߲վһŮӣںڵ㷢ɢ϶˲Ű˱͸˿ԼԼܿѩ׾ӨĶСɶ¡
Ůֲ˦һϸҰ׵ıһСкȥūţû𣿣
͢ȻͷһЩϤĿŰıӰĪһȡһӷҴҿ첽Ǳ߱
ȥģЩĪæȥ
ūţ˲ƥ㣡Ůŭáţ˿Ⱥָָ㣬һֻӾҪȥ
Ȼоһû˦Ůüëͷһֻһ׵ĸͷ󺺣׺쳣
Ůһ̲סЩһŵģʹб۵ˣʲôҶԱС
͢ؿǰĺŮӣҲ绨òҲʣȴҪǸˡĬĬֵǸȻתȥ
ʣºŮ㶵վ֪Ǻ⡣
ҹķЩ󣬴ϸСѩӴƮġ
һ飬Ҷ⿿齱ãȴδҳ
˵ݴ˴ʤ̣͢ߪΪѾƽݡȥʱǴĩѾѩˡҲ֪࣬Ǳ߹ôɽˮҰĺˮǿһ˺ܶࡣսۣ׶ޱȣѾƽˡ
ӢͦüۣǲõЦݣҶⲻǣЦһ¡
ŵƣ͸ӣȻһʱ٣ɽĶʱܻůġ
ϵҩкһС۽ЦݺȻǣЦˡ
ǸҩģΪҩӿ࣬ÿһöҩԶҩƳġôæÿ϶ҪȻشҩҩٸһС۽Ҫٶ䣬̰Զˡ
Ҷлĺ⣬߾ܾһȴ״򲻶ܡ˵ҲԵ֣ʱʱٿֻۣһֱǣδʲôᱡľٶ
Ҷסģβ壬Ҳɫö֮ȻЩϰĴڡ
ͻȻʶһ㣬Ҷһľ
ŰһС۽һе飬ЩӦˡ
ʯש̾͵С·ţת԰ִһž͵ǰԺģɫƹ͸Ҷ⾲ȱŵķţ̲סġ
ҹ紵Щ䣬վһƺ¶һ㣬첽߹ȥ÷ţүҶ⡣
ﾲһȻһŲſˡֻżɫۣɫԵϲãҶ⣬ôˣ
ҡҶţ˵ɵÿİ
˵ɡǰýָӣ¡
аϰźܶ飬æµҶû̧ͷүеġȥݡˣȥ
һ
ԭֻΪ뿪
ڵﰵ֣ĬĬֻ΢ϸܵ۽Щ⶯ţȻ濴ǰ򶨡
һûʲôҶͷ񣺡ûʲôȻȥˣүЩϢ
תҪߣǳվס
΢΢һ٣Ҷվſڣͷ
׵ɫģȥЩŭߵǰ۾Ҷ⣬ǲǾãҵ޶ȵģ
ҶҶⲢûүȫ
ȫһЦֻڿɬһֱӵȥȫͱһ𣿡
үֻȥһ档
͵ѾȢ˱ˣӵұȴչһ죬Ҳȥ𣿡
Ǽɬ̣Ҷҧǣͷǡ
áʧЦΣͷȥ
ˡҶæԼԣͷү
㲻ԡУĬȻһ·ұȥܷġҪӦң֮Ҫһ
ۿ̲ס죬ҶүҴӦ㣬Ҷһ

124

ЩԣǴȥʵôˣ
Ҷæͷû¡
ǿɫˣ߷󣬻ϰɡ
ҶŶһߡ
үɫˣҪҪӪϢһߣʵ
ǿԶǰ治Զǰ˳ǣϢɡ
תȥԸ·
ɫһżʸ·ҹĸ̲ޱȣҲǣһɹɰ
˳ǵʱҹѹرգǽǵżֻѣҡҡ׹
ͣפûжҶô¡
߹¶ϣϸϵá
ҹô̹ǣϵĶȴů¶ȣҶֳŶʵүŹˣܽȥ𣿡
Ҫȥˡ
ȻһǽϵĻѾͶԼԼڸͷϵ˽档
ҹ紵úͣҶȻŶ̲ס÷ߵϷķ򣬸硣
һȺɪɪȻ䴫һ¡¡ĳлƵĹճŴˡ
һʿ֧Żѳߣ߳һĸߵˣʮ£׼ļаǴæ䴩ϵģһſӶ۴λáһСŻѸԱߣŲҴ
΢΢һЦӴˣҹãдš
һæǰ񣺡үˣ²֪
䣬Ƚǰɡǵͷһѡ
ӴæõһԣùСϵĻڵǰ·
һ˴ߣҶĬĬпүľ磬ﶼ衣
Ӵһһ˵˵ҪȥʮؽߵΡ˵ļȽϺߣʮƼԼ򵼸Ǵ·лˡ
ԭ˳һ߲Զ͵ˡȥվܵݳǡ
ҶĬĬţﲻЩЩţЩ㯡
ҹĺֱ裬˷Ҷץ񣬿첽ǰȥ
Ӵ˸ϣһ˾סڿͷǰҶ͵һ᷿Ϣţֶ뿪ֻûлطϢǵӴ˵鷿£Ҳڣ˱ҹ̸һֱ
ڶһ̣⼸ãø·Ӵ˿ĵţǶס죬֪ҶⲻǾܾˡ
һ·ҴҴнӴ˻˸ḻϱ򵼣ݷȥ
ԽԽƫƧĿȫһƬĸ̲ʲô䡣żðһƣ¶ŷ绯ʴҲ㣬ɳʯ
Ҷ⿴ĿЩۣӵĵطôɺô᲻˺ܶࣿǲˣ᲻ϲ
·ڶհʱԶԶؿƽǱ߳һ߲ĳǳأǾݳǡҶ⿴¼壬Ա
Ҫˣһǧ˰ٶҹҹǾȻѾֱôá
뵽ϾܼҶȻֽӵĸоԽԽǰˡ
ֱԺһ˵ľӻûҲˣ⼸졣
ĪһҶҲ˵Լʧ࣬Ҹࡣ
ԶԶţȥǱһˣ˼ҺһĿջס¡Ȼ˵ҿջݳõģЩ½ǲ̫Զ
⣬ô࣬Ҳɾ࣬з顣Ϊɳ϶ǳɫɴʣڹЩ谵ȰԶһյյɴʹƣ͸͵Ĺ⣻ûʲôװΣֻǽϹҼֻǣתǴЩ󻨴ƿذ޵̺ʰ쵣ɫ
Ҷס˼죬ʵҲãûô㡣
ճԹ緹оûʲô˯⣬£ȥй䡣ǰȹ֭ת֣֭С̯ϣеʿҲ
￴ŲǱˣ֭Ĵض֭Ҷףһյӡ
ҶЦŵͷ̽׵ġ
þû˰ɣĨµĻҳҼǸҲȥþˣſҪˡ
ȥݴ𣿡
ɲЦòãȻǸ˼ңҲ֪ЩĵүǳȥӦõģ̺ӿɾͿˡھҪˣһžˡ
Ҷͷͦжġǰλûи߹ĳԺյļûǵɫĲѧҲûʲôԶıԶǻֻۣһƽŮˡڽϰһ֭С̯ͭңȵųɷոһգ긴һ꣬ƽȴҸ
˵ŻȻߴһɧԼڴغˣˣ
˵ĲȻЦģǶţ졣
ѽǻˣһϲ̯˲գΧȹҪǱܣУҵÿȥ
Ҷ֭ͨͨҲ˲Ϻˣվ͸ŴǱܡ
С㣬ܣеʿһ̼æȥ׷ţ°˸Ūˡ
Ҽ ոտأѾӪȥ˵ҪҪȥأһͷĴЦÿҪϲ£ˡ
һһƣˣɶѽȥ˽ӻ
ԶԶԣɲ
ɽ˺ģԭСǿŲʵס˿ڻġҶ⼷ȺŲȥּֽš
ڿ쵽ӪԶԶܿ׺ŵĽգԷУϳһӶӺڼʿαֱĿɱϢȴѹѹĶǰ棬и̨վһӰѵľ̫Զ˵ʲô
Ҷ۾֪ǰģߣѽ
ߵĳʧˣһƬճյؿǸϤӰãȻظȺǰš
ߵУΧľդߣϲİǼΧεصŽӳ˻ؼҡ
֪վжãһ죬ɢǧʿһж࣬ϵıʱѲڼȺѰԼˡ
С

ң

ߵǴС׵ʿ߳һһΧȥӵᣬطĳ˷θ
ҶòˣվȺûҶֻԶ̨Ǹ˴ҴԾ̨ף߹
Ƽ˵ǧȴֻΪһط꣬ôȵˡҹλأεǿڿۼˡ
ĬĬȺӰҶۿ
ԽԽˣܿӣȻôӢǷǷһͦοʵʣʤա
ǰ̲סģҶⶨվغһ䣺
̧Ĩᣬ¶һӵЦݣٴ
ſڣȻһȹŮһܹȥ
үǸŮӻЦ
תӣҶ⿴ˣʩ
ﻹһСˣֺ̰׵һšͷϴŻͷñһ˫۾ģһغţһֻС֣ȥ
ӴԶԣЦһãְ̧ǸС˶Ƶȥ档
ʩվһԿţҸ΢Ц
Ҷ㶵վһȻǣЦˡ
ת뿪У̧ͷߵϼգʡ
黬ЦЦţ̲סˡ
úܺãúҸ㹻ˡ
ֻһۣ

125

ХҹĻ
ʩ̴Ժȥһ˳ȥ˴꣬¶ޣ˶˺ܶࡣС˲ڼúøǲһǰһȫˣгɾ͸С
Ӵⲻǰʩ
һȻðʩͷԭ櫿
΢ʩ񣺡ˡ
üʹһۣ󵨣˭ôеģ
ʩ·Ըġ
櫶ʱЦ˼ҿԴףԲ˵ɣ
ʩҲִƹӼǰߡ
վס𣿡Ƴһۣ첽ǰȥסȥ·ӣҲֻˣֲôû
˵ţּҾ˵ССҪãһԹ࣬ﻹǸ֥СǱģүӢҵȰˡ
ʩͨ죬촽ֹסû˵˵
ŮŭĿӼ䣬⼲߹վʩǰ棬櫹֣ˣء
˵ӹʩ̣Ц߰ɡ
ʩͷһ˵ŻһԺȥ
櫱ˣʱ߳ŭһ˫ĵĴ۾ŭ𣬺޺޵һ죬ǻڵģ
峿ڻ԰չǡ
Ҵܽش󺰣үү
üôˣ
ȥӾǰԺߣһϲʤүȥ˭ˣһŷ˵ǳ˼λˣȥ˼Լˣ
˭ˣͷЩ顣
үЦ΢΢һӣȴ̲סǵ
˭һ©һġ
Цɷ
䣬Ѿ󲽱ȥתžͲӰæ׷ȥ
⣬Ҷؿǽ֣
Ƕһۣţ߰ɡ
Ҷͷһȥ
˴ȣ·Сǰұߣȱ̶ڷƮɢ
תһƽ̹ԺӣΪŷܶᣬأӵá
Ҷ⣡һš
ҶתͷԶԶľͿ첽ЦݣӢڳĳӳ£Ųõɡ
Ҷ⣡ܽԺ󣬼ֻһӽۿȴˡ
ҶⶨֻһĽŵĿҪˣŬǣǣˮȴģۿԭΪԼܼǿܹסб˵Ĺ̹ȻǵվǰȴȻ䷢νļǿαװжѻгǽͱݣڼһ̣һ߽⡣
ǿˮŬ¶һ΢Цǰȥ
ҪȻδ䣬ȴ׷һòŮӣô䣬ôܵǰԺˣ۶û˿Ǻã
˵ţõɫ۸ϣһ߸ϵӣһ߽Թš
ɫʱ櫵֣ƿһЩ
һ˫ĵĴ۾ˣǣҶ϶סˡ
ȵżֱۣҶ⣬Ƶʵ˭ѽ
ſڣһ䡰ҵȴҭɤô˵ڡ
ΣҶ̧櫣񣺡үһλѡ
Ҷ㶣۾Ǿʹ
Ҳȵصɴ۾㶵վһԣҳ
£þòҶĬĬż۵׸һʵֹסЩ
Ȼ䣬ֱסˣǡ
Ҷⰵһûֻš
ǽյ˫֣ĲţȵؿҶ⣬ʹ಻Ҷ˲һһۣҪֹͣˡ
þòأ֣żĮȴŸ߸ϵơ
о裬īɫ˲Ҷ⣬һֵҶ
Ҷ˼żᣬоһıʳǧ飬۵ĿҪ֧Ųסˡ
оĴԽôſôᶨôִš
תͷŬѹǻŭ𣬳үſҵ
˲ɴ۾ǺɵضҶ⣬䱸
ЦѾǰǳˡ
һʹһȭϡǰҶһƣŤżĸ첲ȭͷȭߣ˴һš
ҶⱻǰͻŻˣס֣ס֣
ǾҰ櫿ûʧɫе
һͷãæȥȰܣһ߷ɳȥ
ǿס֣Ҷ⼱óȥҪм䣬ֱһƳȥ
ֱһȭǶʱѪҲòȥһ룬һ㲻ֱѹϡ
ֱ̧ǵѪǻȭͷҵ°ϣ۾ڵŭ⡣ͷһѪĭְƵһߣϥѹϡʱ̲סƺһüͷҧǡ
Ҷ⿴۾ˣŴŵҪˣס֣
Ҷˣ΢΢һ£Ϣţ֡
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ЦˣĶͷÿ춼㣬ô죿
˵̵ĺˮһ㣬ͣ䣬ʪ½ҶĬĬſ§סŵϤľϬ㣬ʹ޳
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ҶҲ֪Լжãǰһӵᶼ޾ˣֱɤӸƣۿۣҲ޲һ
·ʧõϡ䱦һ̶ɿ
һԹسӣȴˣСԣ
˦֣ûҶ⣬һ·Լ
ţٴαסҶ⣬ȴţƿˡ
ûˣҶҲٸ۾Ƶл˵
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˵ţȥкˣ¯Ӱ
Ҷ⿴۲ѣҡͷҲȲ裬æˡ
ˣǲȲġȦǸˣҲá
ҶҡҡͷҪ˵֣еô磬㻹ûŰɣˣ׼
ˣҶ۾ˣҳԹˡ
ҳ԰ɡס֣ƵģһûԣҰɡ
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ЦˣСĵؽţȻʢһףᴵιߡ
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۵һƬ󣺡ԲҲŶԣһʼҴˡ
忡ǱˣЦ̫ģʼգ鶼û㡭ô꣬һֱڰշ㣬ʲôûΪμ棬ǧġҶԲ㣬Ӧȥġ
Щã־Զ£Щ尾ʹӣҶЦҡҡͷ
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һţһŷˣÿһڶԵüϸϸ׽ƷУЩʧҲ޷ֲй

126

ĺɽѪ
ʱֵݳһƬһҵһ㵭ƵĹâһƴźХƫת
վſڣĿңԶþ
̾˿߹ȥСȰοүȥŵȰɡ
û˵վĬĬһѪգĿɫĮ
ٶ˵ʲô˵һߡ
Խ׹Խһ˿âʧˡֻһƬͮͮգڷһȥ¶ȡҹɫһַߵϼĻһսȥɽĹҽսȴһ̳Ӳʯ
·ʱ𮳤ĽֵϹ¼Ʈżӣһˡ
û
Ҳٻˡ
һնģʹͣǴȴ̲סһ˿Գչ黹ˡ
۾һŨŨĴܸӿͷδоԼʧܹ˺ѷεʹ࣬޷صľصԳܡ
ŬѹĵȱһʹȻԽǣԽ
ս彣̲סʱһϸ΢ĽŲ߹ߵǰ
̧ͷҶ۾վĿտ
һ˲䣬סˣӲһҶ
үҶտڣͻĬĬ۾Ѿ˵ˣʲôϸѻָǸˡ
̧ĨᣬŴǣСүķ绪飬Ҷǲѡ֪үڣԸ𣿡
·һ˲ѩڣػشǿɫ䣬ȴһزõԡ
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ǰͷᡣȻܻҵģڡ
ǵԼô뿪Ҳǵ˶Զ·Żصҿջֻǵüһֹ̣ʡ
֪һ顣
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ĶϸʵҪҹ𣿡
ҶȦҡҡͷھߡ
áս֣Ҵߡ
һ£ʮ˵ĶѸװڳżرյʱѸٳǡ
һδӻ䣬վڸ߸ߵĳǽϣң֧齥ûޱߵİҹӭ磬Ҷ⣬ء
Įĸ̲ϣܲȥڳҪѩһ
ذ˵ɺĺܣײѩãҪˡ
ǶűīտһϲЪ·ȡⳡ籩
뿪Ժ;˳Ъһ죬飬ƥֲʳˮȻװ
ҶſڳߵĴϿԶ羰ĻԭһƽƽģûʲôżһСҰ泤ŵͰɿݵĻĲݣı
һж齥ӿٶȣҴ߸ȥҲ漴εЩģֻܰšﵽݱ߾ѾԶٸһҹһͲ̲߳
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үԷϣ֪ʲôͷųǰǲʮˣӲã
üͷ΢٣ԸȥɳĮ룡
үһɳĮΣأãҴȥտоүϿҶС뿪
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΢΢ԥһæʿǸϣһ˼ҴҵתͷɳĮǰ
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Ǵ֪ȥ٣ΧǵģֻҪΣա
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㱨ˮʳƽÿˣʡŵáɳĮܻޣʹǶ죬ҲӦˮԴֻҪܼȥܻҵˮԴҵ·
׷ƵֻǰϵƵˣɳĥѾѪˡ
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ҶС㣬ȵˮɣʣĲ࣬ҪʡŵȡøһˮȥҪȱ˵Ĺĺܶࡣ
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һƬɳĮɳĮΪʲô֣Ϊ߽ƬɳĮˣܻųȥġ
˵еļʥ֮һߣƬɳĮÿ궼кܶ೯ʥ߻ֻ߽һƬ嫵ɳĮѰңȥĤׯϱࡣȻ߽ƬɳĮȴûгΪֹǷĴڣȻһ˵
Ҷǣ׷ƣǰţɳɢɢģһȾһѡȥٷذ.¹ƤѥӱȽϳûйȥɳӡ
Ǽ߹ӹ׷Ƶסǰߡ
ʿǿˣ̲סڻһϵıҲࡣ
Ҷ󾽣ҪֳЦſһۣȴ֣أǣǰߣ΢΢һͰɳ
Ȼʡܶ࣬ô˵棬ҶЩ˼ƫһԵţװһæµӡ
յ㲻̫ãһڵУȥһװߡϵӰҲᵭģڲƵɳһİӰ
ҶԱţоֻ޳΢΢ЩֲڣӦǳԵʡȻǰ·ããȻڣߣ͸оܰȫůҲҸ

127

ѾɳĮ죬ǰһƬɳȥɳ𣬷ֲ嶫ϱؾͷ
ˮҪˣʣһ㣬ǸɰͰ͵ıӿΪѾҳоڿʡһ˶ɫɣ촽ѣȥûɵģһǰߡ
Ҷ⻹аˮȴû˿ϺȡһʿգݣҶȥιˮȣʿǿźܺһЦ˵ԼҪϺȡ
ҶȰ˰ҪˣǲϺȡ
߹ȥ.ùҶеˮһֿסʿ򢣬һˮȥָ˼ˮȥ
յʿţɿүǲˣɡôȥֻ۴ҡ
ļ磺ģˣҲᡣ
ʿü̲סˮӯҶ΢Цɲ׼ްպȵˮ˷ѡ
ΧŵһȺ˶Цŵʿͷʼ£ҲЦˡ
һ໥ţɳĮ棬ֱ̫ɽȻûʲôľҰ˻ɳǻɳÿҪ˱ˡ
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ӲѾвˣɤɿð̣һɳƵ߰ʮ̡
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̫ԽԽߣɳĮ･ůһƬҫ۵ĽơƣɳĮһȺ飬ǰľɫʵûߡ
һ·ߣûпһ޵ľûˮԴụֻ̂ػɳͲƺӲĿľɢɳһƬš
ǰߣҶȻԱߵɳлҰ׵Ķ¶
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һ紵ղ֪ʲôʱ̫Ѿˡ
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һã쫷ˣ
Ҷⱻһһ=үô죿
죡ܣǼһ߳ʿǴ=ơ
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ҶսңҪ֣ڿƮɢת˲š
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ĺХ¡һը죬һδô£ͱһɾ޴ѹЮ졣ɳͷҹҶҲܺоԼǻ̲סһѪ˹ȥ

֪˶ãççķ籩ڹȥջƻƵģɳĮӵһһƬ硣
£տɳĮһƬţĵģʲôûСɺܴشɳĴߣ˵ɳĮҵɢһЩӲĿ֦Ƶĵ
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Ҷ۾ֻͷ۵ɳӣɤۡǿµ쫷ɳæɳӣһɳӣһĴһƬտҲ֪ǳ쫷εȥˣһӰûС
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128

쫷磬ҶȺҵʮʿͼƥʣµȴ٣ڣǸյʿ
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һƳǣҶоҪˡ
Ǵ磺Ҷ޸Һ𣿡
˵ʲô
Ҷò񻰣ģ۾ǣǿ򶨵ү飬ô𣿡
ôҶСʲô𣿡üü۽ǶЦ⡣
Ҷһָһûлˣǽָ٣ȻҲӦ
ָ̲סЦû뵽ҶǸԡ
Ҷ֪˵Ļ½֮ģûл˵ǴִԽģûнָܾûʲôʵС
ڿЦǱժϵİָҶ֣ϸĴָϣҶһݵ͸㡣ӽһˣڣ㾴㣬ʹҵƹϵļҵͬػһƬǣ췢ģ㣬壡
۵̲סỨҶȻ־ãʵûнָҲûʲôҪġöָժ´ϣȻסһ¡
۾ʱųɣ֪ǴӦˡ
뿪㰴סĺԣǡһҵػӦ繣˿ɡ
ģﻨ㣬ʮ壬顣
ΡʵĴRѩɽ棬٤һɨյ䣬ȻױȵϲУؽףǵүĻ
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֣¶æģϲģϲ
Ҷ⵹ǲæµֻ첻ͱŪʰ磬һ糿ûá
ʵ֤Ů˲ףһƯŮ˸ס
ΪüỬ𪣬һͱˮݻԡݵҶ⼢ꤵģûöԡ
صо裬æٳӵļºױݡΪǰүٳֻ£ҶҪҲߣ޾ϸ󾫡
껨ԡҶմˮسֱ谴ϿƽʱûԼʲôëÿһߣ۵ޡüüֱĨ׺Ķǰڹ￴ЩǷһҶĬĬпŴͦƣĤС
ĤϢһָСѾ߸ָף޼ĥƽϴɣȻͿɫʺޢ
ʰһȹĻԡҶػɣԼǲǿҪ͸ĵˡ
߽ʱҶױ̨ǰͷһүˣæɫ¡
Ӿ￴Ҷͷүôˣ
Ц߹ȥӸӨڵĳ뿴㣬͹ˡ
Ҷе죬ҶԣĬĬֱӡ
ͷӨڵķ˿޳ָỬ䣬˳ޱȡֽ̧ķ˿£𣬲ָ䣬һ򵥵ķ٣Ȼħһ֪óһ֧͸ˮĺɫΣҶⷢ䡣
̧ͷеҶ⣬ã̾Ҷ
ҶŴЦúŮʵڷ²ۣܲ𣿲˶
˵֮ǰɹٺǲ˽¼ģԴһˣҶͷġֻһұʯӶģոӣ󾫣ҺüʱƳˡ
үǰŸߣžͽˣżСѾߣһ̣һѡ
ļųķڣҶ⿴žеԼЩϲˡҲ̾Ů·
һ׼ͣĳ˴ӵҶ߳ţֻѵȺһϮϲϽϵ壬·ˣ
Ҷ۾ޣ΢Цǰȥǣ֣ȥһȺЦЦֵظں档
߳ţһ·򱱣Żĵ̺ǼȺһǵүӹˣȲһƬ˷Ҷ΢΢ЦţЩ·ߵİǴкҫŶĿĹʣȥ߹ţ̬򷽡
һ·ߵ߹㳡ҶʱͱǺƴĳסˡ
ֻ㳡ΧİգһľӣñϺӧڷѣ쳣̺һֱ쵽и̨ϣһĵӰ˫ֺʮվ棬Ȼǿʦû뵽ǾȻˣΪֻ
ҶȣǹȺˣʱĻ죬׶
ҶȻ䷢ǺѹѹľԱ߻һĨ۵ɫŮӪĹǡ
ߵýˣŮ߻֣һ߻ʮ𾢵ظߺź
ҶЦųǻ֣Ľ̻ƦƦس˸ǡ
̨ǰ棬ǷҶֻ̨ףŻĵ̺һȥһһЦһһֹǣǧĿ⡣ߴķȻһ׳ֺʡ߸վ룬Ҷۻܣеظܵһϵٹ⡣
ʦ˫ֺʮվڼ̳ǰ棬һЦ⿴ǡ
æſ֣˫ֺʮ
ʦºһЦƽǹȥ֧Ė̴ݸǡ
ҶǷȻ嵽޴ͭС
סҶ֣ߵ̨ǰ棬ܣһֳǣȢҶΪޣԸֵ꣬빲ͬģ¾ͬ£ͬػ곤ã
㳡ϻȻһ󻶺ǧҵظźš



ҶҲ֪ĻףֻޱҸͼͬʱҲܵһݳĸغΡƺţֻǸĽٹ⣬Ρ
ʦ˿ʾĿʮףľģһܴ͸ĵ㳡ϣȻ󹧾㣬ԸԺ·;徻ƽ˳
Զ¥㳡㼯һƬֵĺ
һƴĻĥӡһֱԺкܶ˸Źâһķ֡
ҹ٣
ӦͣǰԼȥԺӡ
ͮͮϲ棬ҶѵȺʱλεĺȼţĶ˵ӣ绨㽿ޡ
ŽֽϣһֻͷȾƻˡ
ҶԹ𣿡ͳȴֲһ˿.˵ƣļⷢշɺ졣
ԹˡҶⵣȶˣүû°ɣ
§סļ磬ӶϿеܡ
æ齱£Ҷֵһյ裬ιˮ
һˮȹˣҶеʵ𣿡
Ŀֱؿǵͷ
ܣҶź󱳣Щġ
ŵǰϱţ̵ĺսߣƳҶ̲סˡ
ʶʲô˼Ҷʱ٣ȴЩ֪롣ֱǱƽסĴѹڴϡ
һҹֱֲ࣬ҹݣҶ۵ۣܿ˯ˡڵóԸ§Żˣҹߡ
û뵽Ҷ⻹֮Ȼ֮ǰѾˣֻҪܺһʲô⡣ǵ֪û̲סϲҶģֻһ˵ġ
Ż˵޷־ãСӣʵҲô⡣

132

峿һϸᣬƿʱͿԺĺĻ޵ĿһƬ͸ŵܰ
Ҷһˮ˵鷿һžͿͷվߣǻһ˿Ц
үڿʲôأôģҶߵԲԣ²̡
ǣڿҶļױƽ¿Ǵֱʡ
ױҶɻ߹ȥֻһŵͼѩһīȦ̵Ļ˺ܶԱ߻һЩע
ǡѩıͼҶ⾪ȵʵ
ǵͷ
ҶϸŵͼЩ̩ӷЩʲôòվ̽½һıã׾ٵع͸ˣͲ˳͢ľӣΧס𣿻˵ģżͼԻǣ
ԭ򣬶Ը⿴ġ
Ĭʵôˣ
Ҷ̧ͷүͼ𣿡
ġΧ̽࣬ϸ£ȷ
ҶĬĬ²Ϊ˼̩Ķλ֮·Ϊ֮ͷ­ѪǧϣбƻǸǡ
үҪ뿪ӱ𣿡Ҷ̧ͷ۾ڴһһֱ㣬ĸԭϣѩɽвԭһӣ𣿡
֪ڵʲô֣΢ЦȻá
Ҷ۾ƺҪı֤
ѵͼң˵ԸҡǶڵƺܿҶԸ𣿡
۾İ䣬һ˿Ȼŵɡ̧ġüۣҶͷ㣡
£Ҷϣָŵͼ˵Ҷ̩ɵһ鲼͢פʮֲһϵʱͻȻͻ븹ܵеվԸѡһأѱ¶͢¶ҡ˳㻹һ飬ԺܻҪġ
Ҷˣ̲סЦǵˮ
ǶŲˮһڣһչһߵӱڱУҹ׼
ҸȥҶⲻ˵꣬æּһ䣬ҴŮһȥ˵ܰæ
Ǽһӣ΢΢һӦˡԼɽϣҲġ
˵ţֻŲԭᡣ
˿ҶҲڣæȸү
Ҷ֪£ЦŻһˡ
үǺʱ˷ܣһ뵽͢ıΧɽһ࣬;ûţǿʹʹսһǰһʹĽѵ
ҡͷ㲻ȥҸɱ񡣡
һһȥ̣ʱʮʧүԸµӣӲһԹԡ
С㱨ģʢƹѺ͵˳ͣסѾͣ߰죬֪ǳʲô¡ǵȥ˳һˣʢƹȻɣٵȥֻ»䡣
üүʢƹұȽϤȥɣ
㻹ҪڴӪأȽЩȥɡ
Ȼʲôү˭СȥɣɽأǱ߹Щȥ
ҡͷǱҴӪӪȥͺã޳Ҳǰ׳Էģ͹ˡ˳̻һôãҲˡ
ˣҶǼʦֵܣ˼˫иʲô˳ģһʵ
˳ôˣݳΪ˶ȥģǸĸ̣ܱȥԺ׿ܱ˳Ҳ˸ܱλӡ
˵ھ̷츳Ӫغ֪ͨһҡ
үᾪȵѲֲ̻᣿
ү򲻿ɣ Ҳһϵ̻һĸɲ˲֡һ̲סȰү߷ҲͰˣɲܵѽ
Ǹոպ˿ڲˮǺ
ʲôȻ֣ȻúÿһǻһǣĵʢƹԺҲãôͣҲЪЪˡҪץʱֲǣ
üүǴ˵Ǹˣô
΢̧һЦһĵġ
ϼ졣
ڻӼ˳ӣ˳һ
һ򵥾µķˣ˿ƿǳǳغš
˳ǵһôǳԷȻλү˽վ֪ǸпᱩŰˣܸоǿЩѹָУЩ
˳ϲ𣿡Ǻ˿ھƣʵ
˳Ӿүֵͦģû°ȾƣһھЩϲϲ£͵ʲôϲϲġ
ΣСػصϲ
滰
˳ͷð亹ſڲٻش𣬲֪үڴʲôס
ѡ㵱ˣѡĸƺĵʵ
˳һǸˣǰѻ˵ϣٱҲᵽһ˿
ֻǡ
΢΢Ĭһصѡ񵱱
̧Ƥһۣû뵽ôش𣬵ǳϡ
Ϊʲô
˳ɫ΢죬Σһһ۵Ϊһʿ˳ԸΪүͿأĪǣ
⻰˵õǿ΢ӣ𣿡
ǣ˳Ӵնû˿ɡ
֣һԵС˶һӹһֻǳߵӣһŻʴСӨڵҩ衣
°͵Ǳߡ
˳΢΢һ漴ǿҩȥĬĬײ
̲סüЩ˳ǸʲôˡҶ˵ʮִľ̵ӣǰͲѡ񵱱ѡ񵱱Ϊ˱ȫԼɽ¶ˮͲôͻ˵ʲôͿصļٻǸͷ̰ˣͲɵƵԥԥͰǸҩˡ
Σʵ㲻ʸԵʲô𣿡
˳ЩȻ֪үԵĲʲôöݵ΢оܾķݣܾҲûá
үֵܼˣ˳һүģүȡȡȥ˳ƾүá
ĥؿ˳û뵽ҶƼСֵܵͻĺܣڻ˵滰
Ҷ˵о̵츳ǿһۣԵĲǿŲѪĲҩûж
˳̲ס̧ͷһۣЩȡ
ңΪʲôѡ񵱱ѡ̡Ƕ۾ƺ뿴͸һ㣬Ŀˡ
˳ӲæƿĿ⣬ĬĬԥسΣСҡھӪŬһҪһЩһľ
˵˵ƤЩ죬˵ʱξʶˡ
ξᡣ
û뵽ôش̲סЦõʱѾʶˡ
˳ɫͷЩ͵˵ʶǣܿҡԶ£Ҫȡܣܸүһᣬһ߾Чң
̧ͷǣĿʮּᶨ
΢΢üɲ²СЩô롣
ԾȤ𣿡
˳ԥΣڵͷС
ǺáףȥݣƹĿ
үҡ˳ӻԼҪҲܡ
˲ֻ̡ǵɨһۣս׷Ⱳǲˡ
˳һĬĬΣүĻǰƺȻʡ

133

ߣĿԽԽˣ̫ŭӣʺָ۶ûаѳ͢ѻϷ
ѧʿһ̫ŭˣʱսս̫ϢŭһɾͲֵˣ
һĸ֮ĬĬף
һʲôã񹷣̫Щڲԡ
ŶʱһĽһɫֿվǰͷ̲ʷӣʷǹһĨ΢Цת˲š
̫ʷ̧ͷǰĲȢ˸оŮӶѣֲʲôŹиС㣬Լ۹ⲻãֺ̫αضŭ
̫Цһŭؿ˻ԶһۣתͷĴ飬ϭĶûϽ͢ûѻϷ˴治һҪÿ
ҵ̵ݱΧһ֮ڶҪĸץۣ
̫üһԼȰ̫ʹѽݸո㺣ϴ٣͢û·ѿ಻ԣһƬԹصƽı̾񣬴ʱʵΪ֮٣̫˼
̫̫˵ȷʵʵ飡ԶǰһֵغرսңǵưܣͬայĲԽԽ࣬ټĳЩɿСɵı.ʱзݾѹֻ¸ѷΧϻʳǣΣӣ
̫üͷԲԲŭȻˣһЩʸ𲻾ͿôС¶ѧᣬôģ
ԶĬĬһûһ˿̫Ϊչϵ̻ᣬܼ֧͢ǧİʮӣѾǰԤ֧°˰գѾòӸˡ
òӣ̫һæʵǰҲǸһǧٶ𣿶õȥˣ
˰ǳ͢ľѣŲŵģҶԶ߽սµңʳΧΣķݵķö϶ϲŲá
̫һ˵ѻڣʱˡ
Զ˹֣û˵
ԱʷɨһۣƫͷȥϹһĨмЦ⡣
Ȼˣݵıʱ̫һЭˣΣµĴٰҾͲˣҲʡʮӣͷһˣ·ŵȥɡ
̫լʺʵΪҳ츣æ׷׹ޡ
ɢԶֻǮ⣬Ƕȳ
վŸʲôɡ̫ĬĬԶһۣŻ˵
ԶԱ£û˵
ﾲģ˸£һʱ侹֪οڣ֪ҪӺ˵
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⻰˵ãһ˵ŭͲð̫ڲˮŬѹŭƽľԶƭҲ㣬Ժ²ˣĻС
ƣԶһʹʷǺˣҰ·˽ֻ֪㻹ڹת
̫Цһ˵ĵģһƭң㲻˵ǸСѾأǻúúõģ޸Ǹģޣ
ԶĬĬ˱۾ãƣôΪãҲ̫ҰиҶСôãǸùﲻ˵ƽ֮ǵɱưոݣ֣ʹֻҲ赲ס
ƣ˰ɣһ˿
̫ĬĬԶã̾˿֪İɡ
⾲սƵĹϸ΢Ļҳ䣬һذ߲ĹӰ
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վߵ齱ߣס̫ļƣȻܶһ棬͸߰ɡ
̫ɵ¶һ˿Ц۵һƬįôһ𣿡
¶һ˿ԳͷԶǰţȥƺۣѰһ֧ţұΪӵȨλһĿ֡ڣֻúۡ׿СӣҲ֪ǲܵȵһ졣
Զһֱҵģ𣿡̧ͷԶǴ
Զֽ˽ġƣõġ
¹ʣӵΪ˸
Ŀһ̳ƣıӣŲһŵѧʿǰ
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ҹɫ嵭ౣڻ԰ʯƣꡣ
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ѧʿһߵͿѽһŮˣҪپҪ٣ʼҹΣӶ
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סһ׵ĻȻеǵҲǲ֪ҪΪǰ;Ĺ򲻿ܣ
Ҫ˼ѽڻжʱľͲֻҶˣĸף֣幫¡ȫˣѧʿ£Ȱ˵
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ĬĬ˵šѾþҪ̫Ըһ򾫱Ҫסĺ·
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櫣ۻ˰ɣ³ٿɺЦվӵ谮СŮ
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135

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ʱ򣬶һҫ۵ĹâһֽƵ̫ӵƽɢʵĳҡɹâǽƵĿۣ˲ضϽߣ̧īɫ˸ĳҫ۵Ĺâ
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ǲ֪ΪζݷͻȻϮ֪Ϯĵоʮ֮࣬Ҳ֪ǰģһֱ׳սֻ֪ҪȥսһսһƴɱηѪȥΪһ󼾹ʿϡ
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֪̫֮ʲôԼǴͻȻ޹֮Ĵ㡣ݡӵʱвֻڿǵȲʵֵһˡ
Ƶֱǰҹײ飬ǾԵźţԵһǲǿбċղԼʮ֮ڶԴ󼾹߽޷»벿ѱɨ֮⣬Ԫˣݵĺˮı˻غˮԶٲҽӽˮһΨһ̫˽Լڵڳ͢˵ѾûˣɼĿǰȶƽƵв
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ȻעҪһսǾʹʹսһɣ뵽ȻԭǲмЦݣһ㿡ʵдӢµηš
ƽɨ̬һսԺӮ˵Ļʮ֮ؾͽΪµءֻҪʿ뿪ݳߣȻǿݳǣӼʹҲһǱڲԫķϳǣû˿ôȵսҽԺ󣬼͢ϭݳȻȻؾͻǵ֮طѴ֮ԲõݳǻսңֻҪˣݳҲͰȫˡ
ͷѾԶԶ˦ں󷽵ߵĳǳأãĸ̲ϣһĳǳȻű߽Űķɳͷ籩ɫϾɵĳǽдɣͱϮȻģȴļȻĲʧȥģҪֻǴ󼾹ĳǳأԶı䡣
תͷ֣öͣãĸ̲ϣǧʿվ˸ŹâȺѵ
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ﲻʪѹߣʿǣǰģһ쳣ѵսۣǰս۶Ҫѣ
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ĬĬһʿǣ˵ţûһ˿ǶǴ󼾹¸ҳϵʿǴ󼾹ĽҲҵĽǼԲǣҶԲǣǰǾһսֻһûСǿѡԸģǾ͸һƬɱսѪȥ͵ƴսս;ºԸµģڿԵͷݳԺ󰲰һͨգԶǷǣԶսֶա
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ĬĬʿǣǻǾľӣѪηƣǾľӡ
һ˿⣬ת˲ţһӣʿǣߣ

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142

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¯аõ࣬Ҩ룬ģ滹һɫƵƤӣζޱȡ
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ܴ󣬵·ͨ˴סĶǋղ壬ǲסԼҵʯӣһԺ޵ĸ߸ߴģһʮ㡣
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һ·˷Ｗȥת˴ȦӺòײҵľҴڡ
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ľˣʱŭ첲סǺ⣬㻹Ҳ飿ȣ㲻Ҫ̫ˣ
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죡˵ôô񶾣ֲҸ粻ϲ㣡ֺҲûãڶԶϲ㣡
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ԶԶشһĺŽǣͷȥֻǸ߸ߵ̨Ѿ½ˣһŻϵѾ
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ڶͰ壡ʼˣְʹţʱػСȭͷ޲ԼҲȥһѡ
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ڶܺãȵǰ棬һƥںڷĸͷһһڷУǿӢˬöǵļڶˣһ⺷ƣһȽһ㣬ҲݵĺôʡһЩٺһˣѾֲ˭ǵĵ壬һ㳬ңһҸ㣬ᣬá
˵Ǹڵڶδ󺺾ľĸ磬ľҲľĶӣȥĽõʿ˾ʿǽһģڶģڶȥõġ˵ľΪҲǸ˵㡣
ҲԱߴţΪڶͣľդΧһȺȺƯȹĻ֦չģʮĿ
ӵĻȣôûŮĲμӱԭϵĹǲҲ𣿡
Ц˵ԴᣬڴУǾרΪǾеıҲأ
Ŷһתͷȥſֻ˵仰Ĺȴı仯ԭľڵڶǸһ겻Сı˲䵽棻ľѾڶ棬嵽һλá
Ŷڶ棡Ƚüͷغѽѽȥѽ
Ҳڿڱߴڶͣܰ
ϳǰƥѾԶԶѺ˦һأ˵Ŀ⣬ΪǸߺźһ𱬡Ϊڶźģ˵ϵӣûܱܵø졣еΪľź˵ǿʿúʿˣȻҲܵ졣
Χϣһǳľضųϱˣ֣֪ΪһͺáΪڶͣľĸ磬ѡ湻ѵġڶӮľӮΪʲôҪֳأĹںܿա
ڶͣڶʹţɤӶ쳶ˡ
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ڶӮˣ
ڶ꣡ȸ˵ĿҪˣǱܣһȺǻųյߣб֯ҵӢ۵ͷϣӢ۵Ĳϣһڶͱһشʻûˡ
ӵڶľȻǸʧߣǵһ滹ˤӺǿɶǿҲкܶĵĹǰѻ׸عҪ٣Ҫú׼
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˼֣ĿԽȻתͷһ룬ôأôܻ
ҡͷԳЦƱǳǳһڣͷһľҺʱܰ㣬¶ȥȴһɸоҡ
һžǵڶˤӱһֱԣѾˢһˣֻʮ˽ڶֱԡǰӮ߲иҪӦսһ־˵˸ҪúŬȡںıӭͷϡ
ˤӱǳǩеģʮߵֶдһСľϣһͲɱĹ˾ʹճһ顣ŵĳǩʽԺ󣬽û뵽ǣڶ澹Ȼľһ顣
ϢֱһըԵţ˲Ⱥ ҵźкһƬ˵ıҵġ
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һʱϵͰҲˣĵһ𿴱
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飬ڶҲΣЩ˼æŬרעļֵĻؼ棬ձľӮˡ
Ϧյʱ򣬸߸ߵ̨һĽĽľõһһζúʿڶڶ棬õʿǱĴˡ
߸ߵ̨ϣմΪʿǰ䷢ʿνǵӢ£⻹кܶĽͣɷˡ
ڶȻûõʿȥĵɽĵڶҲǽȿĵذοҪ̫⣬Ŀǿʿ
ڶ΢Цſã̧ͷããԶȴе˵ʧ䡣

145

ů㣬۾Ƿûˣ˯̫ǳȥ˶֪
ƿߵ䣬¯Աߵˮ׿ˣԱߵСͰȥӱˮŰ費ڼңÿ԰ˮװƽﰢʲôɣôе㲻񻰡
ĲԭϷãһƬ̵ĺ΢΢ţҲͷһԴԷʢĲҶԡŽƵ⣬۾ܹĲѽʵ
ľҴλڋջʳǵĶϱߣӱϡǲԭϵĸ׺ӣԴڼĴRѩɽǽˮ֧֮һ
ղλĮϲԭߣӵɺӵһˮݷ֮ءϱӵɽ赲ɳĮϮټϳĹգĲݳĮĮõģҲȱĵطýճмУǧ
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ǰʱڶпҲڿˮһֱǸˮģҪԷȴֻɵЦ˵ȻһˡԴĽԺ󣬾Ͳô˵ڶǸȥҪһӲܻ
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һ·ǰţԶԶľͿһϸԣտˮλεصӳűջжƣʱзջһĨȻļӰ
ںӱϴһͰˮʹˮζͰ⣬΢΢ʪЬ棬һȹգһˮͰߡ
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˵ˮͰţһ·Ҵӱȥεظں棬Ȼָƥ
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˶һۣ˼ղĴЦ

146

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ţһƬңоƺʲô֮Ȼ˼ڤ죬ͷˣȴʲôû

148

տʱڵͷ̣Өڵķ˿ڶߣб۵¶һγĲϸɢ棬Ĺ
Ϣ߹ȥڷһߣͷǴЦ
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149

һУ˸ٳȻΪһçŮ糯ˣ²ңǧհ𣿡ɭղɽӣ汯ʹؿ´ʡ
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նһճȺĸҲй֮޲ϮͷľλڋվǷͷԺޱȡնӴȻᣬ˼ȴΪأթƻı㣬ǋճһΪȵأմɵѡɕgڸչʱնڶ֮УԼĽʧһӣ󽫾ڱɱܣֻմһ˴ӻزԭƶʮֲʱնΪиͳʾפջʳǣʱĺնв֮ģʱӵأ·ɱմΪôڵċҵǻ.һĹϴƴնӲòɵŰҰģԸؽմλ
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ر¡ղù񣬡βֻʣװ׶ΣһɾͿԾбµļʽѾʮһ³ʮǸգѾųȥϺӲ䡢ʲʹȵĻִյƻڲμӵΪ֮泼ڋա
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150

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ո˯ĺúõģ֪һŮˣͷͰϳͷƤϻһۡ
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һĮӣƺԼѵ˸Ͳ¸ӻнŷԸȥԺ
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154

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156

󼾹궬ʮһʮ콵ѩ
ǰʮƽңǰ󽫾Ϊƽ̩볯͢չս͢ʦ֮¹ءŭǰϴ֮ﶼξʷδ󽫾ʷŷң죬󷨣ս״βûսɽ࣬䲻֮ʱ·ɱƽ˹͢ʦʤ׷ƽɽ֮Ͻˮ֮βȻʷ˸ãȰ⣬ִʦ룬ĽѾ·ȫԾ󻼡
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顤մ͡мأµ۵ǻԪʮһ³ʮʮһʮ壬ӭȢʹۼо谮һ

159

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ݽ⣬Ͻ磬ǰ߲Զܵѩߡ
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160

ꤵǰţ·Ļѩɱģ򻬣Щʹ
ѩҲԶˣɽһ·ѩѾòˣҶϵͰһһǰš
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ҶĽȻ٤ǣϵͰͻСչǡȻͣرоӪк޳輯Уϼϡ
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Ҷ⻻ŮľװͷһӢ
Ҷˣ޳۴һʧһ࣬ͻȻֵβͷϥ¹񣺡ĩ޳裬
޽𡣡Ҷһš
޳˼һվߴͦΣƳɽ
ҶŬѹнţ޳ѹ˵һߵ̨ϣʿɤӣҶ⣬ǵѴҼᵽһҪҪǣ
ƽʾΧǣѾսΧʮսϾ ΢΢һҶڣүھУȥӪҲΣδأүܱھУѲ
Ϣһ˵ʱը˹ʹǾī־Ҳ̲סС۷׷ףš޳վһȻУ֮ǰĽܱѾ˵ˣǾòšӢүھǱΧ
Ľվںļ٣û뵽ҶôֱӵذϢˣ¿ɲǾĴˣǰصԲ©¿ɺˣ
̧ѹѹҶУְŴǣԣҪȥǣү
У˲ʱ쳣ǧ˫۾뿴Ҷ⣬ɻ򾪿ֻмǣҶֱͦվǲɵļᶨ
޳̧ͷƳһۣһǰʵ£˵үʱھУʲô֤ݣ
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ǰ۵㣬ҶŬţϲ¶ֺסְסǰüͷ΢壬͵ذذװ.һѪ漴иѪȾǰףĿѪһε䵽ϡ
̧۽޳裬ҶҧһֵƾƾΪǣԸΪԸΪ
޳һȻ֪ذײǰѨλм䣬һû÷ִ磬ˣһûˡҲ˵ǷݴʹͲǳܵġ
ҶĬĬվǰѪţѪһƬȴ˿ǰȻĴƣȱѪɫĴǽţһ˫۾ǲɵļᶨһ紵ǰļƷ˿ԭӱһӢͦϵơ
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һӪפأҶӪ£ƺƵѸ򾩶ͦ.¡ѩ񣬾˼ӿںĽˮҲ費躹ޡߴϣ̤Ųѩī־ŭ磬ѩҰһͱҡ
ȡϣ;ѩصɽһתһ·˵ҲҪʮҷܵ
ҶĿԶüЩǡ֪ǱôˣɳһһֻԽԽ࣬ԽԽǰսȴûܵõһȷϢȻ䲻֪򣬵ǰǼ̩Ҷ̫ⷴġţֻҪǲǱ͢˸Ѻˣ̩ȻΪǣҲһܾ̩ǣƽңô򵥡
Ȼϣкܶ鲻ܹԤϺͰյģҶû뵽ͳ޳û뵽ǧµʿҲû뵽ȵķչԶԶƣӦеĹʱȻѾѾʧȥȻȴǵģֻѪȲпɱɱΧžǣһѪؼʣµΨһʻ⡣Ǹʱ˶˷裬˫ĿѪ֫壬̻ݽ棬ΨϵĲеƴһ·ĿӸ裬˭뵽һҵս˲ң
ֻ˵޳ѣпһƽȵӣʵ
δǰʵǣʱī־Ÿոմѩأҹر۰ڱѩص·ϣǻ硣ڴڼ䣬ǾҲȻתı仯Ұ²
˵͢ǱҶ⣬ʿҹŸϵݱ߽磬һСƥ˵ԣҲסݲУƥǰ㣬һƥֱӿ°ĭغһؾ塣
ƣͣ͢Ъһһ£˻ƥٽŸ·ȻӣȴϿյģҲһӰȱ𷭿·ԣιڵĲɢĵǣԭ̵ľſϣڱıҡҡ׹һƬɪ
֣ôһ˶ûУʿͷСֹšĸѳճǼƣӺôҲҪʳһ٣û뵽ǰȴʵ˾ɥ
͢üͷأ˶ȥˣʹµģҲŴŶû˻
һϳһʿüʵŸյݱϣѾֻʣճǡǰֻǸûˡ
͢ĿʹǸʿһۣͷ
ȻﶼûˣʣһճǣǻҪس𡭡سǣбҪ𣿡ʿʵ
ʵЩɣȻһʿЩۣǵս塣͢ûй£ĿǰбҪΪǼʹֻһճǣҲõ˶ȥֻҪסǳأ˵оЩİһΪǵļ硣Ϊ󼾵ľˣΪսʿյļ԰زסȣƽϲ֣ǵĳ衣
ʿˣվֱӣ͢ĿӾءǰӪһͨʿʱ򣬾˵͢ٽĶͺͨʿһ͢ÿһѪжݵĶ󣬶гһܹһ״.ǹ۳ɳӢˣĺôֻû뵽гһܼ˵еȻеʹ󺺵ϴ󣬵ʱǱĬƣĿеԽߴ
ˣսʿҪηΪ˴󼾹Ϊ˼գʹͷ­ѪҲϧжҪսʬ˷Ӣţʿ͢Ŀ⾼ӳ
͢üͷ̧ļûٶ˵ʲô
һߵͷҲûӰؽ̶ֵˣϽŰ壬ģԷҲס޵ĿջҲһҿšȻת䣬ȴӭһҳлţĳＷۼʮƥһϡ
⳵иɵǷƥ⣬ҵʱѵҲ࣬ȻΣ˵㣬׬ǮҲࡣ˿Ųɵǰһ¼ӿ첽
λ͹٣ǴҪǸºֱˡ
߽͢ȥЩڳԲݵһ峤ȳƣ㲻ϱ彡ȴҲֶһ͢λңǴԭҪ߸·֪ЩʲôǮ
͢˵ЩǮϾ³ϲûжǮ
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˶ˣ͢Щȣʲô˶ģ
ǰЩ˵Ҳʮƥʲô˻һ¶ôѵǾﶨģǾƥǺӪͳһ䱸ģûеѵ·õģ˭һôͷʮƥ·
ҲǺһ˵ڴһºӽ͵
͢ͷҲ˲϶룬»ɳǱߵҪϹȥǱŵȥԺѡƥ׳ÿƥǮӣʣµӸЩ˼򵥳˵㷹ִҴҸ·
㼲ۣһཬѩ˽Ŷ񣬶ɱһʧããǰ·ϡ
ǽԶʧ⣬·һֻŢѩϱӣǶһ´硣һһƥɫͷν޳۰׵ƤòΣһ˫Ĵ۾Ϊ欣ЩŮޡ
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һ·۹̵Ĵ䣬͢һַ³ĻȴʱҰĿ꣬ãĴһֻ˺۵ľޣһţ¶į˿ڡĻѩѶɴı㣬Ӳɳ۶ƿէƵǧѺչ֮Ϣżм·ԣȴҲͷ·ŲҴңĿ̡
Ȼֵǣӱķϣһֱȥ߽ݣ˴ƬƬĸֻ̲ʣޱߵɳĮǧ̲ɱսһ·ȥһƬ֮
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λɶЩִ͢˵һ飬ȵлֱ̣̾и̫ƽطȺȥҲ֪ҼϰǰЩӺ˲ӵȺõ·֪ԽԽһϲôȥˡ
ȥǺãǰߵߵö࣬ѩģҪЩʲôݸҰҲˡߣֻǻû߳ԶѾ·ˡ ˵ſƤݺᣬ˵ɳĮǱһԸЩ񣬺ôָܷһڷԣ˶ȥˡŵϰ鲡ãһȥ˭뵽ôߣֻʣһϹͷ
Ŀߣ͢Ҳʪ겻ѡ
ȥɳĮǱ߰ɣһ˹¿꣬·ҲûӦʿۿϣؿ͢
ʿ͢һæ.Ҫ͢æס򴽣֪οڡɳظ漱ȥһ̣Σձһ֣ʵڵ鲻ãǰλɣʮͣӦ͵ܾ;棬οǽɳĮֻǻûϼ·ͱɳˡ
òãλүҪµģϺԼ߾С߲ˣһѻһҲȥϰ飬ܵظҲ顣æС
ʿɣ۾ˣ͢һ󣺡ɳĮԶǾһ̰ɣ˵ΪһսʿҪգǾǵĳ裡
͢üû˵ƺǳܲסʿеĿ⣬תͷԶĬĬ̾Ϣһսʱڣλһ޼ҿɹ;ҵ񣬺ֹһʹһܹһǱأô¿ǶҪһһ͵ùҪǣ⻤ûõģΨһ취ǰַǼ԰Ӹϳȥûսǲİȫ
ջĿ⣬͢ʿļ򣬳СǱ·ӸϳȥҲͰȫˣ
ǽСʿҧ촽̷һһϦʹܰӸϳ⣬ɿҲȲǸʱˣ
̧͢ͷԶһƬ಻ɳĮĿǣ飬תһֱһԵ곤ʿཫλɾͰɣҴСȥɳأɣ췵أ
ǣཫ񣬶ɴ䣬
С͢Ӧˣŷĸ˷·򱱸Է·ȥ
ʱԲͨһǶߣѪһ˺Ųƣӳѩ֮ضһ㱯׳ս£ĴĴĿ
͢һ·ɳۣ˿ͣͷһѪĲȴһʹʲôһڤڤ֮ʲôߣȴץѰңԼҲ̫ףѰʲôֻÿһζһֺǿҵгײͷֻǻûʲôȴ־ĵشȥˡ
Խ֪ʲôʱѩıµּ
ɳأǱأ˿Ҳֻǵ̻̲Ŷ־һĺߣҹҧǵġ
ǰѾɳΧգ߷ͳ۳سͷȻмʸѾȫȥȱţ͢Ԯٳٲ۳Ǿĸƣֱ֮գʿСȥͶ
͢Сڳ˼õ·ϣĨͷɢңҪַĽлӻš
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͢ҵķܱߣ˫ĿϬɫޱȡ
Ųȥʱʿע⣬ֻǰǸĿ׺ʿббһۣһڣغǳվס
˵űǰһ̧ž͢Ϻݺ߹ȥ
͢ûж㿪ϥϳʹиˤڵϣŵҲԶ
Сһæȥ̧͢ͷݺݵǸʿһۡҪڲݣһҪǸʿÿߣǻˣ
ϺǣҵүǻˣǸʿһڣ̧ȾС߹ȥһ߶ݺҪĺ͹׼ǣǲ֪𣿳лӣԶԶģүۣ
ۿһžҪݺСѣ͢ȻֿסĽһһֻһʹǰֺʿʱˤſڵϣ˸ס
͢ϵĻվ俴˵ϵһۡ
ʿʹҪƿڴȻӭһ˫ڳӣĿģ¡ĺһ㣬ĵɵӴҪʲôˡ

162

ۿؤˤڵϣʿæǰסЦ꺮ůһֻųìҪ͢˽ѵһ١
סìͷ͢˳һٲһǸʿ⧲ʱһ˵͢ĵϡ
һֻֽ°ؤѾǲˣ͢˲ϸǷϻĥ䣬ץסǸŰʵ۳ǵĵоۼ˶
Сһͦվذͷһ˦˳ְͷ££ֲ֪һλεذ׵ţЦؿǸ
ԱʿʱֽųìǰΧ룬ųˣзֺи
㡢ʲôۡ۽ǿ֪ģǸɸˤñ׵ѪŬԼȥԱǰѩذףŲӲļϸĹȥֵڣԲǽǣ
͢üϸΣǸľ亹ֱðȴͻȻ΢΢һЦҲɿˡļ磬͢׵ģɳصˣ
һ㵵ؿ͢һʱò׼ԷǺ⡣
ͻȻһϴ̵ʿָ͢ŵزǡ͢
Զһɵش͢͢ǸʿһۣƺЩ졣
Ǹʿ³ìֺݺݶ͢ϸΣһϲسǰȥϥԱߣץ͢һõ·˵ С·ӣ·ѽǰǸ!
С·ӣ㣿͢һŴ̵ϸȻԭǸòĽôˣղҶûϳ
·ʿỨ̧ͷһԺĸûе̣ŽүǣǲǱǰˣ˵Żұ۱Ȼһ¡
͢Цŵͷ
ΧŵҲϳ͢Ĳ֪ôˡǸ˵²ŷӦԭˤǸǱˣѾõֻǺɳصģǰûмû뵽ȴڽˡæȳǰ֣͢͢Ŀʮ͡
µɧҲһͱϵڱˣפڳŵĶ·ͳץϸʱŻ綶ӵسˡ
һ͢һ²ȵԼ°ڣǱſڵϡѿ͢ͻһǰס͢ļͷͿʼޣ͢ŪÿЦãȴҲޱȸж
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ܷϢ͢С˵ڣϸϸ˵ǰơܹΧоռϣԽʹ̽ϢƺЭ飬ͬʱǣţҲЭ˭ȹɳأڵķݳ͹˭һֻռĻҰڡ
ɳرΧа֮࣬ǰоֻǴսɳسװʳûҽΪЭԼǰС̣öԷȺɳͻǵıԼżˡ
գоȴսΪ¡٣ǧѩѾЩסˣսپɳأɳڱû˰ʱ̶ҪоϮ
ûԮûݾȼãɳΣյľֻ³Ų¼ˡ߷ͳ۳Ѿúüûۣô̯ӣȥɱ⼸Ƿıֻ֣ѾҪͶ׼
һϣһҳְֵ۳һ٣ֱ۳ǸͶʹֵȥץסʬ
͢Ļ㱨֡ݵ˵۳ʮ߰꣬Ǳŷ֮󡣴һܣҪȻҲͳλáֻΪ̰ͼ棬˵ڣɳıƣֻµһͶľ
΢΢˼Σֺ͢͵һ
ҹڣȥϵһ·ͳֺ·ףԭȵ·ͳξһսӢҲΪ۳ְֵپףɿɣҹּƻ
ǫҲãҲã͢˼Ҫжп۳ʩѹԼָӣסɳءȻȴһ·ԣֱµ۳Ǹ˾ͲˬֱӰΣ͢ͳȿɣ
첲šȣ͢һšˡʵҲ֤ǶԵġ۳ӱץΣһյ蹦ӵȳĵϣֱˤ߻أ컺û˸׷ʲô£Ϊһͳ죬ɳָʹȴõȻƺҲû˴һ䣬ʹǴ￴صСĿҲǱĺͲм
ȻҵĳǡȻ෴ǣʱ˿̵ɳسǣ£⣬ѾһƬڵĺϢһǾ͵˷ܼעÿһ˵Сԭŵҹ˲ʱûسǻı߷ʿսʿٵͨգһ˼Ѫһ㷢ĻУøƵģͲԽӷ̻ˡ
һڣʱͰפڹʿŪˡûйǵһ̺òײ˯ţ˭뵽ͻȻһ죬ְǸˡƿӪӣһʿǴźǷ۾ǣֱҪֵ÷ˣ֪ôѵǵȵԮ⻹ˣʱĽǾ˯ˣźۿҹĥ
һų뼤ӣǧϣεĿ⣬͢ˡ˫ȭվĳԱ
ã֣սȭͷ֣صؿǣֻ˵һ仰ֻҪ͢һڣ
ܶܶԺÿ͢һĻ¶ǰٰζʽ⡣Ժнижм飬ȻģȴΡ
һ˵ĻֻҪ͢һڡʵû˵ꡣʵһ䡣
˵ǣֻҪ͢һڣؽɳع
ȻʱͷʵýٿھҪǻǱǺһˡ˵벻˵ҲΪ˶ס
٣ϼ죬͢һͲtվڳ¥ϿԶӪֻѲ߱ػأûʲô춯
ôְڵϳʵֵǶҪǰӺúøһأԴ͢Ժɳһɨ֮ǰɥ֮òȻһ£ʿĦȭƣǻӻԾǲ͢Ǵģǲǳ͢ģֻ֪͢ǵĽǴǱ԰ˣǵ
ŸոеʿѼϣǧտųͷŹӸں棬͵Ƚһ£ȥúýѵѵǰӡȻֵǣͷԽԽߣۿҪ磬ӪȴǾĵģûһ㶯
ָӪͳλõӶ͢Īڸʲôƣôһֱûж
͢Ѳtݸ㿴Ӫ棬ڱѲ߶ʮܣɳĳһһȴֻԶҽǰ˿Ƿ״̬
׶ŲtһĬĬͷ
ϳڵֻ̫µӪǱ߶ˡ͢ǿģΪǵԮˡڻڹ۲죬
ԮŴ죬ɵùЦһ˵ֵǧɲԮˣ
͢ЦȻǻԮˣǾݳϷǿǴǡ
ϷɫɣΪԮû
װһۣ˵ȻΪԮĵˣĿ٣
͢۾⣬⼸ãѩ绯ˣ¶Ļɳá
ԸȥֵһӪʿֳʮմӧĳ.ǹڳǽȥȻɵ׸ԴӱţſУǰں󣬸ֱӪȥ쳾
ĺɱӪ˲ǧʿŸֵìӪأӪΧֻĴˮһ㷭ˣǧ񣬽´ضֱǵصĳڱͷ
֮ľ봦ͣڵĳˮͣ˻ȴں죬׳ƺǳluoluoơ
Ӫʿӵ׷׸߾.ǹ˻ŭ𣬴ѹȥ
ŭüһ壬һӣӿĳˮǰȥŭһĺ˲ͰѵоѹȥԽԽۿм䲻ʮɾ룬ڵĳˮͣӪʿǶһ亹ֱ¡
һ磬ıȴԾɪӪҳսϦʱɳʿڹ񫣬ڳˣȻһʿ˵ģ棬ϵЦȴޱԺͽ
˵ڶգЧһγȴֻӪĴӪȴӶǰƾͱøӸӣǲǰнӴɳأҪȻΪֻ磿ͽп಻֪ɳڸҪڧ໥ɡȡΣͱڴ˿̳ȥɳرսһԱ⡣ҪȻʧܶһԿֵżˣŲôġɳĴӪ飬ɳصĹƣʰǵĳ⡣
ȻҲɵ֪ɳعΪ֮ıͱٺܶ࣬ǰıȻֵøں汣ʵǺװһŰɵӣʹߵݺһֶգû˿չ
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зʿǵ֮ʱ˿ǺβǵϳĿ񣬺鵴
͢ҡͷɡȻڿʿռϷ磬׵ҹѣ⡣о֮࣬ҾŸոҪһӮʹӮʧҲǲɹġһγܰѵоˣȵϱɳԮݣֻܵųơǵĿ겻ǼоǴ˵оǻûо⣬ֻҪ취ǳȫɳؾͺã
ǳѾ˰£ô˵˾ˣǡ
ԾҪ취ǳˡ
۾һĪǽѾ˺ð취
취һֻЩա͢ŴüͷҪ취ٵݣֻҪǵûˣȻȥǷݸټּաǲϷݸԼ빥ɳأҲôףֻҪסǣ˱
۷Ź⣬ֵüƲߣĩԸǰȥջݣ
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׽ҧ촽͢صͷ
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͢æһ񣬾бδӦͱһһĨ˲ӣδ˿졣ԽԽ񲼣ܿʮӰӻζȥŲ졣ŻѻζܿẈ̂ͨʮˣ˯òȵƺѲߵĽŲַ͢˽ڱסŵ亹ֱð
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ж±ĻͰСúã͢ذףѵⷴλεĵ淴¶мƳСԸ䣬͢ǰԶµĺӰ･ȥž࣬ͻȻ䱩Σͳ嵽ǰסһʿĿڱǣͬʱӳеذף˲ĨԱһʿĺѪӿɫ£µʿһ˫ɴ۾ֲ
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ڰУ͢ʮ΢ĺһֹһĿǰֱģˡûаսȫɵҲһ죬΢һüԭ·أһֻֽĻزȥˡ
յŰϣ͢ҪţͻȻڰһϮֱ͢·ɨ͢һæԾ𣬶ȥһɨȴ͢ؿڣæ˲ʱ߳ҽţס͵Ϯ֮˵Ĺơ˼Уûų£֪ԷزʿʱʼӦս
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˲϶룬͢жĳѸֿסĲӣ־ȻΪỬʹ͢ҪʹʱȻѲ߱ˡ͢δ֣ͱ͵˵ڵϣ˰ѹסá
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ѹϵţȴԼеܰ㣬͢ǸͷȻһ̧Ŀ⣬һ˫͵Ĵ۾次

163

Ӵô˯ˣ
ˣЪɣվһҲˣѲȦҲȥ˯ˣˣ˵ֿŵش˸Ƿ
ѲߵĽŲԶְⷿ͢лָһɣɿץŵĲӡ
ſϵһ㶣ذȴδɶ֣Щ
ɯ͢ѹ̽ػһ
ſϵһذҲЩղס
˭ЩԼĶ䣬ذףظ͢գ͢𡭡
޴ϲײͷ͢ٲɣ˾ɯֱ۽סɯߵɯң͢
ڰУɯɴʵۣŬ뿴һų˼ĺӣĦţȴ͢׽סУյô
ںڰĬĬţȻ΢ĽŲ͢ȻСǡűƿˣŲæС͵ͻһ
͢æɯվúĿҪȻСһῴǵĽɫͨ졣
С͢Ӧһ߸ɯͼ䡣
˵͢ҪŻݣɯæ˵Ҳˣ͵ʳģ滹ʮ˽Ӧ
͢Դ󾪣ѯɯ䣬֪ڿⷿǿդʳ͵˳ȥǰѾһΣֻ͵Ĳ࣬ûб֣׼㹻ĳ׼͵һ㡣
΢һ͢ԸСǷ»ͣȰɯǰʳ˻ʿĿ·ſȥڣǿⷿʿ˯ˣ϶ѲߵʿǰǣһֿɾΣˡ
͢һʳɯ棬ӿⷿһȥֻϵʿѶľդ𿪣ٹҲһ·߳ʮףͿһºͣһ˫ľ峵Ѿ˲ʳæһʱľ峵װòˣⷿﻹʣһʳ
кСûͣ飬͢ԸʿϸϻɳسǱţС𡣿ⷿĶ࣬ҪҪһӣ͢˻ԺæСȥɯǵ˦޼ۡ
û߳ԶͿӪﷺ⣬ɧʿŻŵؾȻҲû˹ϳ鿴׷ϡ˫ݵȻܵÿ죬һܳԶӪѾˣֻǱ߻͸Ż⣬ġ
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͢һľ峵棬˵ôԵľԭɯ뿪Ժ󣬲ûлصգһ·ݣȻս֧ܵľӡΪսܣݣ뿪÷زԭ֧ӾͿʼĴˣϧشȴûǵ֮
ֱʹؽ˼ĸֱ̲׷ɱζɳĮɿʣʮգ˺ܶˣΪûл·ʱǰȴһƬޡһƬʵɳĮԵԶֻܱ鲼ɳʱʱ̱̿仯ŵΣûܲ·ɥǻԵɺײȥֻɳĮ֮С
ЩҴ˾סʱˣҲɳĹɣܹɡȻֻһĺˮȱʳӲùǳ㣬ŵɳĮߵĴЩջ»ҩʳȻǳಢ񼾹ˣȻЩİǲųǣȥסǵȫ⣬ǻ
ٺɯݣüûԷ赹·ϣǡм޳㻻ʳû뵽ȴǵС˰ɯޣɯزԭסһס߰ꡣ
޻ᱻɳĮûǲɳĮڲչֲֲݣء޹ģѾܴ˿Ҳ࣬ĴɫˣԴɯϲطϲ﴾ӵǣƾΪ峤ϢȻɯϲȺɰĺǣÿһ𣬽ǴԡԼһЩ򵥵֡
ɯĹ㲻϶⣬ȴҲʮֲһ¹Ǳޣ޵СǶҲвСҪȢҹҹܵ³裬ɯȴ׷׶ܾˡޣֻסһˣҲݲ±ˡķһľСϻӣڴͷһĲݱıӣѸɿݻҰײӣȴ᲻ö
ԴӼ߽ս𣬲ֻܱ߰ղù޵ҲùȻҲһʳȴԶԣսһܱߴȥˣûṩʳɯգʼǮһЩԶĵطȥʳٺսּ񻯣ǣҲԽԽ󣬺ܶ񶼳ԲϷҵ·ߡ¡ڣ޼ҿɹ飬;ҵ뵽ǰֻҲȥɯ򿪴ţЩҲס
ԽԽ࣬ʳһ¹ôҾͶҪû취ɯͿʼЩݵ⣬ϴξͶӪݿ⣬ȥ̽̽·ȫ׼ͷȥʮƥ׼ʳ
͢ȻһСȥʮƥܾɯġ
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͢ЩܲסҵĿ⣬תͷЦȻϵã
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˵ǰûгֵʱֻʣôǶٺգɳرɽΧȻڿɺãδȥˋգΧһǣѵҪɳأ
ĿעԶԽԽı͢촽ȻӿһֲɣСҹǱУðǰȥٵݣΪͿԻɳأֻҪصƽ̩ƽǣȻԮǰӦ񣬳㼯ɳѳΪǵ֮ֻµȲԮһˡ
ҹּɯЩķ꣬㲻ʲôⳡ̣ͿȥɯϲǸùɬ֣󷽷ظһȻܲԸҲԲԲⳡս֪᲻ϡǰ·עԵ޷֡
ˣҹеϣеŵԡ͸óĬȥ棬ϣ繲࣬ԳҲʹࡣ
ԼԼкܶ¶Ϊ
ԶԽԽ͢ȭͷתһ˫˫ڴĿ⣬³ʹ֡ҪʧˣǶһĽΪֻҪڣɳؾͲ䣬ѵսǶʤȻվûлص΢ıȥֵסΧ
ԭΪԼĵܾɳˮ֮䣬ȴҲǽʱӳһ͢һ˿Գȴ𽥱˭ҪɳأûôףҪ̤ϼǾҪѪĴۣʹӮҲֻܵõһճǣ
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а˺ܶ࣬аϵ˶׳ĺӣҲа׷ԲԵߺ͸׺͢Ů˺ͺӶϳǣͨڵڳعϣһٲ򿪣ǶȻͬʱһƵĺ¡ͨȴ򿪣ǵţǲĹĮһûл·Ѫ֮ս
߷ڳ¼ϣ滹ŲִټɰĶ飬ȲǴηľҲһơ
͢ÿףһƥĿѩѳʣݵϡ
ǵĺ죬͢ŭһŶţһƬΣյĹĮ
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մ棬һѪľŻ䵶ѪħһɱҰʿضϣ䵽ϣѪһأ͵ϮʿδͷԼѾİԴϸ߿գǳﺰ˻ϵ䵶бӳԶڵ㼲۶ϡõʳӿѪػɳȾ죬Ŀġ
һսɾմ۲̱Űɱޡ
ƽɳΧıԺմ۷ųһ仰˭ٴɳص⣬Ǻɹԣ͋ԣմԣԵˣûк³
ʷѧҶԴһսĶࡣе˵մڰкʱƽε۴Э飬˵մնŰԣάɳأֻΪĴɱѰһڣȻΪʲôȴûܹ¶ۡ
󼾹궬Χɳظ漱ʱմǰԮشɳء֮ʮʱɳϮߣϤմɹ֮Ѫǽ壬ʬҰմɱ֮޶ϱΪ
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ʮ䣬մսķɹ̤ƽвԭܱߣ֮.ǹһѪݹǡմʺĸֵһƽɨ£ɹһǿ뷱ʢĴ۹Ȼϱáָȴе䵶ɾĤݵʢһۣǿţȻǧһλʵۣҲѣѡ
ȻʵǣմǽӲӵλ棬Ųɽİ׹ǣ̶Ѫ
ΨһĸԭϣRѩɽˮˮӿһ֧ˮȲ̻ºԭ峺͸һ֧ӣŲԭȴֹսȾһѪӡ֪ʲôʱٲ峺ɫһӡ
մʱĴƽķȴʼάɳأκȾָһ˽Ϊɹ뼾ãΪǿˣȻʵȴɳؼԱأɹ뼾ԣݳռ߳ǡʱɹܼһºˮˮԱϤɹͼ
ʮ꣬ǵһǿȴǴΨһǿΪɹҪϳմ۵ѪȡɹĽѾչ֮һ࣬˾̾
ʮ궬ʮһʮգմ˸λʵһţλʵۿ꣬۾ĬþãǷдʲô˲öֻ֪˾ȵǣڶ죬ʮһʮմ۷ʮΧɳأѴ֮ݺص֮ɳءӴɳؼԱؾ鵽ɹأ֣޻ػ
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ܾúܾǰҲʮһʮ壬մ˵ԸɳԱأһˡ
˵ʹմһҲܵõЩһ롣
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λʵۺˣ͸ɱ˺ܶ鷳
λʵֲò˵Ľ̾ƺ顣

164

˵͢⣬ȴڴɱһ𣬻սһš
˶ʱһ㵣ѲǹҧɳػûǾڧ
룬໥ܱȿǹɳغá͢˻سУذأԴԭѻҵһ˿µϣ໥ɱһʤʧ޴ɳػϣ
سڣ͢׵һֱڳ¥ϣɽۻȻϵǣң仨ˮȴûɳؿһƺûҪǵ˼
Щվסˣڴ͢㿴յıҪˣҲƵҪҪȥȫǼԾ󻼣
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κһδƽһ·ȥ·ɹɱǰɹ˹ȴԼͬ˖ɵװݣתɳء;ĩ·ɹʱ֣磿
Җɹ˴սǖɵ»ʣԭȵĖɹŷ캭λ̶ʱ䣬ҪҵԻʱôŹûᡣɹϻʵ۵۰ŷսϣԭ뽫λϻʵ۵üȥͻȻŷսϵʱ䲻Ƕŷ캭ӱϖɹλϧλ䣬ûʲôɹңֶҵ
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Ȼϧǣŷ캭վǴ⣬ֻǱȴ棬һա
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167


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˵үѺھֻҪǷˣ̳

168

ʱ򣬲СѩͣˣǱ߲ƿϡ¶ǳĹʹҲҲҵģ͸Щ
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Ҷⰵһãȥֻܾˣе˵ļ УֹǣԲٴˣ
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˵ʲôī־͵Ϯǣż̩üëšĪм˰ɣ
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ͫȻ쿪
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169

ҹڷߣ龩ѾһƬ𺣣ĻҼʿӿУڼī־𷴿˲һɱۡ
ϷյĽĴľŲסݼܣƵغ¡һ޺İֱͷܣһСľͱбɵĵ.ǹڵأ򱻷ҵ̤Խѣһ̲Ѫ⡣
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ҵս𳾰䶨һҲˮ档
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˵ʷǰɽ֮ƽ֮ʮʧ룬Ϥڳɽ֮䡣˽Ϊʷս֮У˭֪ȴǼرҰˮƽ̩ıϻʳǡ
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ۿżϽɽҪʷУѪãĵƽϺȻӿǧһӭͷһģīڵġӭչȻĴ
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