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ΪĿ֣꣬ҳΪԽʷ׸ضһֻۣصմʱ 
ûû񾭲ֵܸտʼ˼ģйϸûü˷ˡ 
ӭѪضʹ˼ʹ:ʵ۲˵ģʵܰɡ 
Ǹʳ¯ľŻӾͲֻܾҪԼӹػм㣬λ

 
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ӸãŮɼɥĲ߻Ŀˣ˻ؽϡٿĸ˶¹£ 

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Ԩ:Ŷԭù
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֪αթᣬǸ۸Ұļҡ
Ҳ֪ıܡЮŪȨ֮µĵ֮ʡ  
Ҳ֪ҸԸʹǹ֮Σܣ֮඾޹ء
ƽ󣬲էĺѩͷϡ 
梣޵Ըʱ㣿

ʳ֪
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ݱǩ ͢ ж Խʱ  
ؼ֣ǣض 
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Ľ˳Ļ˺ϧ𲻷͸СǹδɶʥٳֵĴ¡Խĳضھһ󣬾ΪӭѪԼһ»ʵܡ·˻빲µͬʱè̫ӵࡣ侲ķ署¡ǿϢͬʱ£ƽɽðգŮ֮Ǭת




1 
Ϧ֮ҹ׹
ƺѶ뱼Ρ빬
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˵֮ٳǰδУԵ֮ᣬҪʷ飬˷ʷ͡¿ʷд
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ֹ֣½ӺЦ֮ݣΣ̫ЯȺϾΪŮȻ񣬹ĺԣɱ̫档
ʵģǷṦܲµŮʷ飬Ϊλ֮ʷīī٣
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վǵµĵǻ䣬ֺαΪһʱʴȣð֮踣Ů֮أ
½Ӻһ˵̫꣬ӵɫѻָ糣
ϾǱ˫İ梣ʱ籦ô᣿
壬ȴҲҪ˼Լ壬µǻ֮أ²Ȼȥͽ΢ˡ
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ǿлţز𣬱˯ðȡ
ΪߵĴԪģ΢һƣ³ȥԪˡ
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Ԫ޶ԳѾãµǻԺؽ֮ͣмơֻҪ˷ޣԪһɢɳ²Ѵ֮¡
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ĵڵת˦Ѫߡ
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ΪǺƼ֮ˡ

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ǰһعʱѵſڣؿһѺɫǹ
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ԭˣһսսڵأһľվԭأֻơ
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ʮԼͬĿɪ棬亹ĬĬϵΡΡӰЩ߹
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ںǹؼգһѪǹͷ˦ʬŭɵ˫ۡ
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ڣһôǴͷϡ
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һֻ˳ݵ־ڷС
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ԵǷΨһһ˷ıʿǰδƽ⣬Ϊѡһ׺װ
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˷ʸܵ轵¶ȣΣòײŽǰԣ
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ۣٿ֮Ļ档
ãõͷʼбڿڡ
ȥ֫ۡǡƳ飬úϡ
ˣ壬Ȯ

ףԪսʤ칦翪һա
Ĵ˷񾩣ǴԪĹ
޶żôԪ˲ٿλǡҲ񾩡
ڲʤ뿪˽̻Ի͵ĴĿĵţ֪һʯš
ʯŷϣ¹⣬ճһµĺ棬ƺ
Ƭ̣ڻ˹ȥ
ʲôû˵Ϊ֪˵ʲôûáֻǾվţͷһеľҡ
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ıӰһߴֻʯʱһ¡
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лҪ˵ĸ½пڿڣ鷳ƥ~о~


2 
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ܷƶɮһ󣿡
˵
ϺõǰΪʲôҪ轣
١
ƶɮǵûļŸչáᣬҪ𣿡
Խ磬ЧԽá
˭˵ģ
˵ġ
ɮƬԣ߳һĨ
ƽҲš
ض̧ͷ΢΢һЦ:
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ŶʲôҲü֣
¼Ȼ޷ֺοסԼ
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ŮǼŮȴ֮ߡĽ鴫¶ӰڴǰעΪơ
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Ǻܾǰˣ˻ˣͻģ
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ջ֣ȻЦˡԼĳڣϼ졣
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ŲµŮŽֵ·߻ϲأһߺһ߸߾л
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δˣӯöķƮɢڷꡣ磬꣬Ͼ죬쾡ͷңңʳǡ
·Եľƹݲ跻׷߳۵Ͷֵ̺ٽֹ¥ͿջĶ¥׷׿Żɴºļ䡣
ع£ɫǰУһ׵
ʻϣ֦Ҷ˿£ˡ
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½Ӻħһ㣬֪һǰĿ粽˺ٻӰ
ϲɴ裬嶣һҡҷݳɴУȫѪҺӿͷֱ֫׻ֻһԭأ񾩹ǰ
׷ȥ׷
ԺȻһʹ½Ӻ͸ոžôȥ
׷ȥע⣬һʧڰ


3 
ͩʵʹͣˮӿ񾩹˽⡣
ضӹع߶۵һմ齾ٲ붯
ȿȲůůӰɡǺ¹裬£ûж٣˵в趼ǹĹͣͩˡ
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¼򵥣ʱ䣬ڱͻ
ūԿӺģһβʣ
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ŻãǿôáƺǹζڱǰڱһԲ˷ū澾ţӽǳԲ·ˡ
ͼӰŶ񷽡ض˵ΪЧٸӳȥһ롣

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ڱЦ飬Լ㱨˹еĽ
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ض˸ţ༰⣺ⶹӺó𣿡
ڱףʵԲѣժǹûӣôӦǺóԵġ
ȻóԣգǱŵл

ժǹ˷ݵĹ֮һٵ۵ع»ʺĊ
ǰ꣬Ǻĵĸ˷Ļʵӭ﹫һΪΪĺ
Ȼ˿ģ﹫סժǹȻǽ̻ԻͣҫĿֱӡ˴˷ֻǧ֮ĶʱʯʹһͬժǹΪ칬
ضķժǹǰͣ£ܵԤ֮д
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ɿŴ֦Ҷʵ˼ܣһһ³̡
Խ޷죬ضԽ
ժǹΪͭǽڣ
һ˳죬ǧ賤﹫Ϊ˳Ǹ
ڱ̡˵Ҫǡ


4 
ʮ³ſıӣһ½ꡣ
ĹϣżҴˡ
Ϲپͷ첽ȴڲͩźͣ
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һͷԭأѽ
̹У˿ģǲסλмƫ
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飬Ϲپ޵̧ͷƳһ飬һյƣһӰߵף
̫ҽԺĿϹپ񾩹
Ƭ̺ö𣺡Ŀ𡣡
ϹپۿС˿ǡ
Ŀɻ󣿡
˵ɻ󣬾Խ˵ɻ󣬾Ƕ˹⡣
Ϲپβϵúְܳ
Ҳʲô¡
ضǴЦ
ЩʧߣԭǲµСëԺʹҪһĿҩĿܷΪҿⷦʧ߾Ǻԭ򣿡
ְԵ߾ȫϹپһǰ£ҩóͳ񲼣롣
һֻѩѵȥ
Ͼİȴ֮ѩĳ·ƷϹĿһһ˲Ͻ񲼴ϣʼϸϸ
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飬ƽͣǽڵõְһӣСͬÿĺʳüɣӦԹķʧ
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˵ϹĿ̫ҽԺĿʱƹأʶ֢ҸһŵӣܵƳ˷κμ𣿡
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ŵù̫ҽԺԺʹһֱΪΪβԺʹ
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ҽ𴽽ǣ̫ҽԺҽҲв֮ˣһȺٳҽûͻ٣θڵ͵úܴ󡣡
ض裬ڱһ̤ǰ濪˸ǣȡ١
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ְֵĵطȥءض߻齣Ⱥ¯£ժǹעԺдɨĹ𣿡
ֻ˽˷Ĺ˲ֻЩӻᱻż
ֹˡض˵ɫ԰ףμݡնƳˡ
ڱĥһᣬ˵ȷʵˡҪūѰͷ˾һˣʣ
ȪΪڹ£ֻͽŵùݾߣ̬ʧȥơ£Ȱ°ɡ
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ҹɫī󣬹ĹȺУĴ絴Զ
ͩһɫ͸ɴ
СС۵ҹɫо衣
ڣаֻأкã
ض͵𣬶϶Լսİ
ҹҹ޵Լ޵δк˵
䣡
ضһʶץľ
κ󣬴ûеڶס
̡ڣơ
ҹĽһӣԺһ·Сܽңôˣ
ڱȥժǹԶԶû·
һ㶣˯ˣʲô
Ƭ̼žضŽϵĽƲһ
̱飬˵ģūȥ
󣬽̵ĽŲԶˡ
ضû˯⣬ɴ˴Լǰ˱ˮ
һժǹѪ䷢úԤףֻǵڳϦǰһҹڸ죬ȵڶ˷֣ժǹѳѪһƬ
һժǹأҲҹѪ
һյʱڱڵ
ūժǹȦҵһǽ죬ſſ˼ۡҹ﹬´˯ûʲôر·
ضһδȵĲ豭ŵķᡣɨڱϱʪˮ⣬˵ڱͷһˣȥ߿ɣС
ūΪ£ɽ𺣶ȥãͷͷ
ضЦЦڱ۾ģضȥ߿ˡ
ڱ˵

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һضϡ
󣬲廰ū֪һˣĻĻ
ض죺ˣ
÷ԭ֮ӷƽѽ˵ǰ˽ǽָ£ҪӦ
ƽ
ضǰֳǰƽһ棬ηĽͷҲصشбײ
ضȡӳ˷ıʱ䡣
ڱʣҪ𣿡
˵ɡ

ضҪ²һҪָͨȻ¾ôɣڶδķƽ԰ڶ
ǲǷ𣡡ӡ
翴ˡضε
彣ԶԶˣضҲһϮĿĽۣһƬƮɪеĺ㡣
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ƽ޴ضһᣬȻ
񾩹ְ
ضЦŷûˣʲô
ƽҿһΣб𣬱ְԽ
ǡ
԰ңԼΪ˳Ϧ¡ƽ˶٣أ
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ƽţɫţ·´һһ
ضĹǰľګغˡ
ϸ˵ƽ÷ʱѹС޲µͣԷƽ˽⣬֮ڡ
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ƽţҪ˵Щʲô̲סЦˣ
ˣ»ڵ𣿡
ƽɫ죺ûûȥ
һëëؿ첽ˣضתĿͣǡöϷƽĻͷһˣЩƽذ
ͷ죡һЦˣЦְյغһģˣҪý𣿸ոշѹˡ
ˡضŷƽӰȫʧڻȺ΢ЦȥշԸӾͻ֪ҷԸʲô
̳üǹҪô죿
²õض˵СŹùõڽѲʱժǹɡ
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ͷԶһͷƽδ߳ľ¹Ϳٵ۵̡
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νΪʲô
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ƽһߵף
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ٵ۰Ц
޶ԳϦرȤǽŰ켴ɡȻˣ߰ɡ



5 
ĩһ죬عŵƽʣʡ
ңԶ巵УϦ˿ĻЦﾪֻͤںβߡ
ɫ壬ʯͤȴŻ⡣
׿ˣԵɡ
룬ߵضʯ̿¯ϿףҲеţ⣬һѷĸ⵶ڿߣȾѪɫ
޵Ƭһȥͤ˲˱ǡ
ضһڣԳޣ̵ԽԽˡ
ǹ⡮տķӺáһмвˣˣҪⲹ
ڱͤСܶˣ׸Ȼڹˣ
ضΪǽ̷ӦңΪ˭ģ
¸ݣ
ޣ̴ǸʮһȹӵĻ
ڱüҵḶ́أ˵Щʲôѽƽ˹䡭
ܲ𣿹˵ôԵȥһƵģ˻ضߡ
ضԼࣺɲˡ
׸Ȩ㳯Ұôɲˣɻ
ض磬졣
׸ףϱʾԣҲǣ
ǣǣڱɴ۾
ǡϴʱҲΪӵ߹Ҳǣ
ˣô֪ģ
͢ϵңϲһһ¼ù̫ңȻ²̫ǵ۵ŮֹҵĵܵܣֻҪʱ¶һ˿Ը϶շҼ֡
ô˵Ͱȫˣصıϲˣڱʡ
ضð̿¯ЦЦڲõġ
ô찡ڱһǡ
յС˶ʱʢ˰صضǰΪ˵
϶а취ģʲôðֻҪ鷳ȫָӾͺˣ
˵ҲǡڱͬͷüĽɢˡ
ض°ѣȡˮں
Ҫعˣڱʡ
պãȻعȥ̴ʳУȥһط
̺ȥĶ
ضһЦɲǳƲûǾȥժǹ̽

ҹϴضͽ̶ĹϣΪ˶ȥ巹ԵʣǽߵĹŴţǽѻȸ
Ψһǽ͸ŵƻժǹڼžĹȺĿǳ
ʳУǰժǹĹš
ˡ
ŵҹĻ£ʯ󺣣صž
ժǹô¡ֹţص˼¡
ȻûлӦ
ƣƾֹˣһ˲ζڱǼ⡣
һƣʺ龹֨ѽһ졣
̳Ծ
ڲͬѰļž£һийٶŴˡǺڰеĳָڹ磬ǿζҹɫУʲôΣյĶضеľߡ

վǰƿš
ȵĹ˲˵ϣȵģģ޵ġ
⽫ժǹյ硣
еʳ䵽ϣðһء
ݡ
ңԶĹȺͷӶ̻ʣš
һһĺڸ졣
ժǹضǰȼţȵķ練¶ȡ
ڱϳǹɲζʲô֬Уڻ̼ǰò̿¯Źζضҧأ˼ŻӦ
̽Ͱ͵
̣ҵƣȥѲҹĽժǹ˾Ȼ֪̫ͨҽԺֵҽ
ǹ
ȥ
ضһǳ⣬̶˶ţ޿κεܳ˹š
ȼյĹ·һڵķ
ӶϮһȳضȫѪҺͷʶǰ˵
񵶴ͷӹɫҰ׵ĹŮûɢ͵˫۶
ժǹĹˣ
ض̱ڵϣ׺ôϻ䣬¶һϮѺƴȹࡣ
ϾˣҴ㡭
΢ЦͼŮ˫ȴڸĵ棬弡һֱߡ
Ů˫񣬳߾񵶡
ܣ
ضҧ𣬳ȼյժǹȥ
ܣܣܣ
ɥʧǵĹŮ׷ںȷһδ
ضͷҲصײժǹţһֻյĲЬЩı˲ϵں̣Ļƻľݡ
̲Ѫӵһһݣʲôﱻ϶
Ų񵶵ĹŮҡҡλ¥ݣ͵ڵɨۣ²ȳѪӡ߽һ
ϵʬ壬ͣѪӡʧ¹ǰ
񵶸߸߾𣬼⵶Ѫ
Ů򿪹ţ߾ٵĲȴˡ
¹Уֻһ˫ȾѪ廨Ь

ǵ
ʬȼգƮɢζʬսĳζ
ضɿϵɵĲһˤϡ
ֱ߾һĿʬ塣ܷۣģϲѪﻹһѱֽͷѿһ룬֮һء
һǰܷС̻ĽĿ
ضţһݱΪ෹̸ʣ˿ƮƮ˵ժǹѪ䡣
˾Ķǣ˴ĿģһµȴֻдĬĻҽ
﾿ʲôĹϷʲôںδ
һѪĺŲ˵߳תǣ䵽ոմӵضϡ
ض˽ʹ͵ת
ӣ
ӣ
ӵ·ӣ
ضǽǣѺڼѩɽչɡ
𽥱ƽѪȾĲ˵ڻ谵ɫһĨ⣬ضսбʪıֽһضŶԷ
ȾѪĲ˵£
һ̬¶ͷ­Ϸ
˵ضʧȥƽ⣬ڵأؿź׷룬ϿڴѪ
ͷʬˤڵأ̵ѪҺָһ㡣
һѪ꣬վԭλá
Ѫ߰ߵɴȫһʶĲ񵶱УѪ˳ŵµ䡣
Ѫˮ͸ǳһ󳨵½¶ѪȾɴ
ҴĺڷڵͫǰлԵĿ⣬գҲգضϡ
ضУֱ۱ϵĹŮ
Сģʶ
ضδ䣬ѱŮ˵
ŮذףĲӺݺݴȥ
͡
ذ״͸ƣĿѪ£ת˲Ⱦ˵档
ŹŮӣ뽩֡ضԥƬ̣߬ʪıֽҪ¶ָºȻһ
Ůصȥ
ضԭأѪվǰȻ
ϸ룬Ѿסꡣ
ϱȻдȷ绹ҪȣڵͫУӳų⣬ȷĺ㶵ס
һʶĹŹ׽סˣ޷԰ε˫ĺ

񾩹
彣ĽԺƽʿ䣬һϵضǰ
ضһɣǿŵʧѹȥ

ɢ¸߹ҡ
ȹ£һ
ȺͻžԶˣض׽סһ˵
ͩ


6 
ҹעǸ֮ҹ
˷һժǹһͩææ⡣
̫ҽԺԺʹʱ޵ѻȸضĸٵɫǣ˫ֲͣٵ۱˸۾һֱԺʹָ
£ֻЩˣҩϼձˣ¡׷ԲԵԺʹٵҾֵ
治£ٵɫɫô԰ףɿϸˣ
񾩹Щ΢Щĵº˯һˡ˫ޣºɷġ
Ժʹҩͷ̺Ҫˣϵضڣ
Ժʹһͬڲ˵øأͷ㿴һЩ
ԺʹҾֵģϳȥ
Ժʹҩ뿪ٵڴ£оôŻ𣿡
ضظٵ۵֣Ц
ʣԺʹҲ˵ˡֻССˡҩ󣬶Ĳˡ
ѽڰοʣû˵ʵ
ۼٵۿ죬ضæʣ
ժǹ𣿡
ٵ̾˿ҡͷ
ɲعʲôˣ
ɵҹɨĹŮݺˣҲ˵λ̣ǶʺͻиȷеϢ
˶٣̲סʵ
ȳ꾿ʲôݣ˵ģŹ֣ɴҲ̵ѣͩǲס
ٵ۵ͷҲģ˰߰ɡ
ʣӴ˵¾ңǴ˰ΨһҴߡضӿֱ壬˵ٵɡ
ҲգǾ͡
Ȼһⱦʮ˴ĵؽ޵
ͩĹŮ׷ں档
ܡ
ž
üһһյ
»δأ˵ĵط𣿱ȥȥһܹ๵ģƳ۴ϵضһʱó裬Լݣ
ɫҰףū澲ҡ
¹ֺ˵
߹ĹҲ̫ЩȻʱգ¶ˣ
ˣǰԺʹҪĻ޽ġٵۿȥˣ޲ǽȥЪôʲôģ
´ӦҪ㳼꣬檼¾þòıۻӣŸضЦЦˣ߹˵Σ
ضҪ˵
Ͳˣñ¼ۣʱҵ
ض˳ֻϵڣЦ
лԺʹ˵ˣֻҩˡ
߹ȻĽ˵ժǹ˼ʮˣһ⣬ȻֻССˡ
Ǹʺ鸣죬쿴ڸʵϣҲҪӦ֡
һոſڣһм仹żС
ڱײײܽ򵹣
ˣԺʹκ˿
ɫͣ˵
С»ͷŮأȥѹǶ𣿣
ˡūǶȥˡѹסѽ
һȺȥҪۿʲôħһ˶޲ߣ
Ĺ˴Ҵٵ׷ȥ
ѹ֣ٵɫѿ
ʡ
ضǵؿ
Ī¡û¡ٵ֣һֱӣ֪㻤̣޵øȥơⷢӣĹˡ
ٵ뿪ض־ĨɣЦ֣
ĸٲ۾ɾҪˡ
ǣߣס᣺
ҵ˹·Ҳ㡭ĸԲ㣬ĸĴ
ĸ˵ʲô
ضЦ⣬֣ص
㱾ǸýȢԭңǸͻȻǼƣռȵĸ˳йʺСһʱţĸ׵Ĵ
Ļض˵Σʼվãûһ˫Ůӻùࡣ
ȴ޶֮ˡ
ں˶Żó谮Ʒʱֻٵ۱̥֪֮סӣϽȥ𹬣һֱӵ
޶ֻۣʱŮˣ˵ѹǰ˳ܡ
ĸ˵ĻӲһֱȥġ
ţֻΪŵıǮ
׸游ףʺùãԼ֮ףϥһԶŮ
ִ֮ƷӡȴĹùãԼĹùãֻǨŭ޹ɡ
ٻ˷꣬ʵѱΡ
µػ£ܲ˵
ض˵Ҫȡ
Ĩ᣺ʲô

ҵöӡ
Ů·Թûôʱȥ߸Ǭ
ҰĲɿʣµѡ޼ĸǾ·һ
ʲô
Ȼڱĺǳɼæᣬƽʵ˭
Ƭ̰һ
̫ҽԺĿϹپҪ񾩹
ɻض˵ͷ
ɡ˵
Ϲپ룬ͷݣְϹپ񾩹
Ŀ𣬲֪кҪ£ʡ
Ϲپضֹ
ɲԸ˶ضļ£ԼҩΪɣ뿪޵
˵ɡض
ǰñְĵӣְ©һã˼ǰ󣬾ûǸ֪
©ʲôضü
ͨݺ©«Բٶ¡֭ͨҩժǹʮǰȡõУͨݺ©«Ƶֹһ֮á
֪ˡ
ض䣬Ժһ
ƽؾףǰ
ٿسϹپȥ羪֮񣬵üĿܿߡ
ļĬУ޵֮ͬء
ضȻЦˡ
ȻδȨ֪ˡǰһʲôϹĿı⣬Ҵ
Ժ⡭
ض´Ų˽ţߵϹپǰ
˶꣬𣿡
ְ
ãòҲϡ㿴뵽ʲô
ְְ˵
ض˵
Ϲپͨһ£ְǻ֮ӣ
Ȼ
Ȼˣ
䣬ضתǧͷ
ڱ
ūڡ
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ڱһ񣬵ūһֱڹź򣬱˵ˣǹİèūҲϵá꣬ūȷʵڹмҲū澵ͷ˲ڹУš
ϹĿ𣿡
ְףְһؿƿڡ
㲻ף
ضһŭȣϹپ̧ܵ
ϹߣԶһۡ
Ůü续԰ѩѪɫһɢһķ羰Ψ˫ʢ**۾ŶĿԡ
ϹĿ̫ҽԺ꣬ϵĳҽ뻹꣬ϹĿҽճǨģ̫ҽԺлжʮһϹĿˣֻһĸô֣ʱֵĿϷһھ֮
֪ϹپԼԭĿġ
ĵҰģ˫ͬҰĲ۾ȼ
⣿
ŮӸ£ﴽ΢Ц
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ԸΪˣ𣿡
ְ
˺ɶգǼ½ش𱾹
ڤڤ֮УһгϹپǡ
񼤵Уߵȥ
ְԸˣ빫ָ㣡

ҳһƬĶ⣬Ȼһȣ
˶ס֣
תڱ񾩹Ц
߹˽ţúЪţôˣ
ٵҲǰһĵǰ㲻Ϣôˣ
ضԽһƬǽĵڡ
¯ܵڵϣ¯һأȾѪɴһڴأһڵϡūͼűߣ겻Ӱ
Ϣŭ
ضһһ͵Ĳǰ˴ǰȫ
ժǹһΨһĻڣ˴䣬Ҳ֮УټˣðȻƶΣաʱû֤ժǹһԲСЭ󹬵ĹܵǣǴ󡭡
ɫ
ǻʺٰģʲôϵ
ҺͱµȻףİֻ֪һд֣ʱʺǣ׸Ҳ𣬴¹ش󣬻˼
ɫƣ˵ѵҪ裿
ضͷҲ̧Źƣ˼ȻҴģȻ취
ɵؿ˰Ρ
һݲˣ߹Ϊִţ

Ц߹˵ѵвɸ˵𣿡
ʲô飿ٵü
ضӿڱٵ۹ȥ
ʲô
ʣǸ֮ӡ븸ݣ


7 
㡭֪Լ˵ʲôʼѪͳΪʮ֮߹Ǵ治֮𣿣
ʡ
žضº򵹵ĹڵأҲҴһ
ٵ㵵ؿŹصض˵ˡ
˽游ʣǶٳĬȥǻ˵һ졣ˣҲȣο˿ǸʵӣѪ׵ܵܣ
ضߵף븸ʳݣ
˵ٵɫӣ԰˷𣺡Ľţɻվס𣿡
뵣ģԺʹֻشѺöˡ
ۼƫбϣ
߹ҪΪԼһһиǻ֮ˣƽҲ֪Ѫͳ㲻֪ܲɣ
Ȼ֪
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Թ˷ʩĿȴʼպӡ
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ˣҲϸ˿ڡ
ʱ䣬ʼһԲһֱߵǰų¶ݣ﷢Ұ޵
Խǰһֻ
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㶮˷𣿡ض΢Ц
һֻͶ·ޣ׺ݵĿͽļҪЩڵĺ裬ⴥĻ䣬һ
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ضӭߣݸһЦ١
Ī¡
ͬʹ࣬ǻҲһ˺


8 
¶أ
ͩðů̡峺ĺֳУƣҩ硣
ڱ׽ʱӴһˤڵء
죬δüˤ۵ƨɣȿһϮɫӰæ

ضڽ̵Ĳ£ɨźֳǱĹˡ
ˤˤˮˮȻúõվڰߣ㲻ܣֱĿ⡣
˵ڱʲôأԡˣô·û
ڱίؿˣūѾˣǲԸˮūҲûѽ
ˮ̫̣ضʡ
̣Բ̣ūѾԹˣϹĿҲ˵ҩԡº̼ͣ˿ڷۣӲ֪ģǲԸˮ
ض꣬мʱضߵĽ̿ʼˡ
šضſ̵Ĳ

ضꡣ
ΪʲôԸˮ

֪ö˷˵ֹѪϵҩۣˣҪơ
ض֣˲
ڿж˶٣Ȼǣ֣ڵĺֳء
Ṳ̊뵴ˮĮ̇ףɲ԰׵Ľ̤°ɫˮɫµȹڳѩϿ
߲ˣͷһǡͣˮıԵؿ
һϵȴܼᶨ
Ϲپ²һժǹʮǰȡõͨݺ©«йأ͸ʮꡣ
ѧ֮꣬ѱͬ˸߳һԴʱգ׷ָտɴ

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궢²֪Ͷˡ
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Ѫ˿ڳһȦȦѩк÷š
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ضǵһδĳƷ
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֪δķ磬ҡҷΪŮ˵һ㱡ɴ

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̷ӴˣضɫȷʣҪȥ𣿡
ȥΪʲôȥ˵ѶķʰӾסڶ෿
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ţ˻Ӧƿ飬յģϿһˣתۣڴ߷һԵꡣ
ѲѪֽԣѪһδʪɴ
ôƬ̲Լˣ

ðηģ
ǰΪɿѣɢ´˸ᡣ
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סĵطڸ޵飬ʱѰҡ
ƵŮĲھװ·Ю⣬õڵĿҲ´ء
ضøɾɴ֣˵
ҪޣбҪ͸ҹĹˡˣЪϢա
ҩָգ΢΢һЦתˡ
صһ֮ضؿߣ֪ʱصͩȪĬĬ
ض³ֵ˱ģȪڣ
ĻĵѾʼĽԤһ뼴깤ӸչҲף̶ѳ롣ظϽһˮ
ϲˮ峺ҷСֻ޵轣觲յһ𸡳
ҹر䡣
һյ꣬ضں˱
µݸص˿ۣƽ֮һɴ롣

ȪҪʽ۵ݺڣʵ֤ǶԵġ
ȥա
ʱһȪȻϢ뿪ˡ
ղʰ˯ˡ¶ϲɫ
ضŴҹɫЦЦ
գӲء


9 
һѭĴͳһյĳ趨ʡ
ع˯ʱͩѾʼæµ
ˮµĹ½޹ضӱն˵ͷȡһ֧黨֦б뷢١
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ˡҪ˵˵ɣҡ
ضΪ⣬ɴϵʯϼ
ô
˯أˡ
˯ţض˽һۣȥ
̡һ˳޵ûһᣬŵĽŲض֪ˡ
ڱһȥңҪˡ

ڱҴȥɫĽ̲
ˣˣ
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ڱѴȥѰزþͻϢҪȥʲôȥĵطԼѡԼҪе
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ϲľǲˣҹ͵ϲ˵вá
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лضЦ
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ԱǱ˴ԣμ
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ؼҰɡЦ
лҪ˵2.6޸


10 
պһ¶Щ΢⡣
԰壬ɳˮУɴ΢ҡҷ
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ƿ뿪»ʺº͵
Σͩ̿ɹ
лĸͩ̿һֱضЦ䲻ĸʱʱѯҲĸģһζδءĸʧ֢ˣ
Դİ󣬺öˡǸĵĺӣԶǧ֮⣬ǹҡ»ʺɫһЦ㡭⹬Ҳûеڶ˻ˡ
ĸ󡭡
»ʺ˵֪ƣǶԾŻҲһۡϾժǹһµΨһߡ˵ֻǸʮĺӣһЩ˼ϸ壬һĸĹǡ
ףһġ
ͺá»ʺЦ˵ҷԸСѣ㰮轡࣬ȥ


Ѷˣһʱزˡ
ڱʳѰ˱һϧ
̧ͷرˮľŻӣŻӣЩˣū澴عô
ŻӶĻţһ˼Ūˮ
ڱ̾˿ҪʰʳУһžʤ͵ķ¹Ů߽ˮ鿣
ڱ˰죬ԭ԰
ⲻǹߵĺˣ𣿡ڱЦݳ˸񣺡ɱȤˣźӣôжأ
ɫ߰˵ǹ˵߹˽෽ñ¸һӣӦνΪ߹׼һײ˹ıʯͷ棬ȡɡ
ڱһ㶣Ϊѵū澻ҪžŻӣ㲻ͻͩ
ͩµ˶ûУҪǰʹŪŪ˭ܸ𣿣
ū澡
Żôˣѵ߶ɣģ㿴ʹͣǼҹʹͣ
ڱæͷū澲ңū澡
ߣ߰ɣ
⡭ԵȣҺ;Żӽ䡣
ڱ첽ߵˮ鿾ͷԶڳرˮľŻ˵ŻӣūҪеȥöǸūһ𣬻ȹ
ޱ飬΢΢һĶԡֲ˻Ӧ
ţ

ūˣһҪȹūҲᾡϻǧߡ
㻹Ҫ˵ð費ͷغ
ˣ
ڱһϹȻģû취ֻܼææȥˡ
㣬˹£˭ҲȲ㣡
㣬ˡ
ڱһһ˵ӰҴʧ¹ͷ
ֺŲӰ߳һˣȻʢ˵
ﵱҪѲ˹ͷ͸߹ʡ
͸ˣͷ̫СұҲϲΪ⡣
ּ˵߹߻װˣʺﶼƭȥֶ£ùһʲôŻӡ޶ۣ֪ΪλҪ
ЦΪҵǽñϲӣ
Ϊʲô
ֱܶӽгһ֣ܹ󡣡
ūڡ
һߴ̴߳
֪ʲô𣿡
ū֪һøɸɾġ
ȥɡζЦˡ

ܹˮ鿣תߡ
ʱԼµҪʲôķɻæ׷ϣ𣿡
󣬱ͷ緢һն˿ˡ
ƮƮһ䣬˷Σһ˺ƺƵˡ
Ҳ𣿡ɵĹŮʡ
ɿˮ鿷ҧ
ߵű˿𣿣ߣ

ֻɽȸ׷ģССĳҪۣȻͨһˮ
ܾɽȸչɣɿԶԶա
£һɽñˮƮԶ׽˦βϸ⶯첻ˮкߡ
һֻƿˮ棬ɴ׽һֻɫ
ƴβĴǴʪ˿
κ󣬽Ưβͽˣֻʣ԰׵ϡ
ڳˮϿ֣ˮ˦βͿߣʣµͬ໹ˮ鿱ߣ̰ʳƮɢѪ˿
𽥻ָƽˮϣӳһ˵
ô˷ˣһ˫ĺȻ¶Ǹʵ
ķΧǡ
һοˮյС·ۿԶپҲӰ̧εĽŲ
޲һ̡
ʧС·ͷ
лҪ˵ĸ½ֿڿڣ鷳ƥ~о


11 
ضɳˮһʱȻڽ⺰һڱ
δӣڱһ·Сܶ
ڱҴ˸
̽ͷ̽ԣôһˣŻأ
ŻӻˮǶأڱһһ˵ŬΡ
̧εЩض˵
лڱ˵ߺ󣬷ˣū澱ʰŻӻȥû뵽ߵĺˡ
ʲôҲ𣿡ʡ
˵иͷҪ͸Ϊ˽ѰáֲϰѶֱͻͩ˵ڹﶼǵ͵ȹˣֱŻĻʹͣвūҪǲȥū澿ǹڱһÿģūʵûа취Ÿźȥˡ
ڷα߶ţ̫ƣǸǹȥ
ȥǵ𣿡ضʡ
ɫ˵㣬˵ЩĻĵڱȻɫѵ
ضˡ
ˮ鿣ȻĬĬȼգϵĲˮȫ䡣
ڱ̵ʬˮϳˮʯשƷ泯µ̣һԵѪȻӳС
̲סŻһ
ߵܹ󡣡ڱ鿴ʬ˿ڣӦǱʲôͱģϸ
̨ضʯϵµڣ̨ˡ
ֻʣ°Ϩ
ȡ̨ͷͱ˷ѡ
Ȼع֯Ѱ󹬡ض˵ڱ
ūڡ
ܹʮ꣬ǱѰѰᣬͻ؊ɡ

ضԸ񣬵һʱժǹ
ǰԺڽϿһˣضһ黯Ϊժǹһ
ⶼҹˣŻӲϲ˵ǻȥĵء
ضů¯ݸ
ϲʶס¯ûŪҪʲôһĻɫ
ɣ̫Σˣ
ضץסڵ֦⣬֯ƽĲϷ֦һϲľ
¾ʧ롣
ضɣ֦ܿԼ׸ߵ
ͻ룬֤ԼܷҲ˳㿴ÿӳʲôɫ
΢Ůµ鷢ɫɴڷҡҷŮ˵ݺӰס˵µĹ˲סһС׹䡣
˷Ի͵˷ģǵҲÿչۿĵط
վϣܿǵҲܿǵعع֮Ĺһ·ͩĹڡ
߹ǧء
ֻҪڹУͻȥع糯ٵ밲겻ͣ
˽ǵͺعҲҲֵùעĿꡣ
ÿϣڿʲô
ɣϷҪǱ˿˿ɾˡϲ˵
ضﵽĿģץСϲȹְ˽ŵطء
ʲôʱѧϲʡ
·ȻͻضɫȻֵӸϲ߰ɡ
ǻҪȥĶҾŻӣ
ˣع
ϲһ㶣δüʣժǹš
ֻܵͷ

ͣͩǰض߽һ˵
Ƕȥȥˣ壬ϲһεظϲĺǣ˵
ȵȣūȥյˮ
ˣţҵ
ϲ뿪ضһ飬ڿϿ
żȻһҳǡǡׯӡӦƪ
֮ΪԨֹˮ֮ΪԨˮ֮ΪԨ
Ԩо˴ɡ
ԨоԾơ
ΪΪԨĺ񡣼ʹһƥǣҲİѱ
Ҳǡ
ֻҪԸ⣬ܽˣҲܽɹ
ᡶׯӡ꣬ɫһҺڣضϵƣ̺Ȼææ˽
ҵˣ
ضɫƽŲæصϵƻֽλƵָǻص̨
عͷʱڱϲһһҼ˽
ȻŰյĽ»ֻǽжദƣͷŻһҲ֪ĶϻմһƬݻҶ
ڿҵ˾Żӣһֱ¼£ͳȥˡڱ˵
֪ˣǳȥɡ
ǡ
ڱͽ̶ǵؿޱꡣ
ȥɡض˵

뿪ض֣
ԭվƬ̣ɵŲŽŲ˹
ضǣɴ֣˿ˣ𣿡
̧ۣĺɫ


Ԫڣ梴
ǣȥĽŲֻһʼ֮ͣһ·˳
ضֳأڳرҩԡ
ҩԡº´޵ʢгľ

ȥɡ
ֹһۣȥˡ
ضױǰóһͷʪ
ͭеɫ𪣬ϸ˿Ѿϣֻʣǳɫĺۼţ**ں鷢һ˫峺ؿ
˷աءֱǡסջʺȥοѡˡԨ֡ӽǾŻԨ
ûзӦ֪Ŷ
㻹ǵҵ𣿡

͵رļ򣬶ԾеЦ
أҪԶס֡

ضױһϵϡ
īɫķ۾
ϵ÷⺰һ̡
첽߽ūڡ
Żӵ𣿡
ˡ

Ӧûһʹӻˡ
ضϵױľУ㵹ķη䣬ľһꡣ
ԼĶĹȥ梲ٸʵס
רע
ϣһ죬Լף梡ʵ塣

ͩԺһţһһһ˵Ӱųص߳
ĸߴȪվӰһɫұäۡ
ڱԹ⹬ĵһ㶼ʹҴӹⶨƵĵʲôʱõ
ȪԼࣺ¸¡
ͷȪ㣬һɱˣĥзء
Ȫӹڱޱ֪ˡ
ڱף¶ʵЦݣǾͰȪˣһҪϴӣ㲻ˡ
Ȫʧҹɫ
·δ֡
ڱתһһ͵߽ƵĶ
õСˮͰϴʯש̾͵ĵ档
ˮһ**⣬խˮУڱںԺٵһС˵ء
¹£ˮȾʺ졣

ʼϣʱȴҪƴɴһжúɡ
ҹ˷ǸԻصԼסֻʣֵصվſڴ磬ϸӵģһϮ
֮ΪݻĊȻƻͨΪʱӦ˵Ҫ󣬊һʮʱƣÿµ͵ĻѾĿࡣ
ĸŮīĲ£ŹǷ̻Ի͵޵
Ȼ˱Щ˯˰ɡī˵
ʲôʱˣܹ𣿡
ʱˡܹδ
ߡûаɣⵢôãԺǰš

̩˯ô
˯ˡ
š캮ض̩ߵ˶עЩŻ̰̰档̩һѲ˸ϵ
İɣǱ谮ĻӣߵĹ˶ء
īڴ˯£˵ƣȥ
ۣ˯⽥Ϯ
ûӾţĸйڰУһݵζ޵ڿС
ǡζ
һαˮϣȻѡ
üͷʶգյָõǰһԼ۾ɫ
彩Ӳ̧Ƥȥ
Ŀȫǵͷ­
ͷ­ѴһκѪ¡
δ
촽Σڡ
һļ쳹˷
лҪ˵ϰVǰĸ²̫ȶҪżոѹһϺϺ
2.9޸


12 
ɢҵƶУһĨѪɫϦ³
һ͵ƽʻ䱸ɭϵĹš
ڴߣѰ˼ҵĹӣضҲ˹зȹװ˷Żȹ˰ֻضһ䡰Ԫڰ梴ĳŵ
յůⰻȻ
ϳһֱų⣬͸һƬɴһжʹĿת
ɴҡΣһͷԺżмƤںڷ˿裬׷Ʈɵīɫ
ضϣִһ鱾еظŰ߼ֱۡ
ͷҲ̧ѯʣ̣ʲô鷢
󣬹ûٸ۶ӣأǡ
ֹضɫֲƳڴߵꡣ
ʲôضʡ
̴սضߵǴԣ˵ŻǸư͡
ض̧ۿ꣬޶ԵŴ⣬·졣
ԳϦҹʼδһдԣҲ֮С
ˣ⡣
ɡ
⡣
֪ˡ

ܸţ˽⡣
ųƷ̲Ϊףɫ죬Ŀⲻסʯש·ľͷ
ڣˣһͨںڵĿƥǣ»ݳһ˴֣һ˳һ۵Զ¶ʵЦݣ񾩹ߵȪڱ
ϳˣæ츮ʯס
˵עУȴʯʨнͣ¡
Ȫźýŵʣڱת򿪳š
񾩹ߵĸŮ³쳤ֱۡ˲ϢƬ̺һֻ׵ɫ䣬ɶѵһѩ
񾩹Žŵµ棬΢΢һЦϼǾޱɫĽУŮա
һβɫʨƳƤԲ۵ݸ³
Ȼعǰһ
΢棬μŻӣμ񾩹
һжܼ½
μŻӣμ񾩹
ضЦԷˣ游ĸλ𡣡
̬ͷ˵΢ڼ象磬ŻӺ񾩹΢һ𡣡
Ĵ£һ˲ܸǰԺԺ󣬲ȴķġ
ɽʯţȺ÷֪δϪˮ
ض游ĸĽŲ١ԣɫĮȻؿ⾰ɫ
Ϸ˼ߥޣڿһȻʣ
΢˵ǰЩʱȾ˷纮֪ڿɺЩ𣿡
ҽ󣬷˼ҩѾȬˡضЦ
ǱãǱá
ĸڹʱ游ĸ˴ҲҴֻؽİϲΡϺʱǶϱ壬ĸܰԡ
΢ϸл
һȺУȻǵλͱָߵǰ棬λͺͱֵ͵ģ档
ܸСǰţֻԶԶںۿ
ȥֻ**˫󣬱ֻ
ǰ״熪Ժ󿴶ûһۣ˳¼ǳׯ¡
ΪԼ㹫ıأҲԼһģܳ軹Ǻһں档
˵һСң֪˵ʲô㿴ϵ֬ҪϺƨˣ
㿴Żӵ۾˵ҵ
ѾƵĺҲ۾һ˻ֺÿġ
˵ôÿζ񾩹и˫ܵ𣿡
꣡˵̸ˣܼҵеҡ
϶ض治ɫɫȴѾˣܼҶӵЦݹҲסˣСֱߡ
޿̣ڵһƣ
ݱܽ
Сһ£G
Ǽֱ޷죬ʼңŻӺ񾩹
۵СкսսԴҿˣϥһҪ£ضЦͯ޼ɣˡûǴСĶӰɣ
ǡǡһûڣֻȸĽ˼Ⱥڹ֣СӵƤˣһҪлƽϡݱܽǶʺã
С࿴һۣá
ӣɵĵܵĪˣ㣡ǡ
ضЦˣӹôһ觹ڳһý̽øǣòã
˫ϲЦݣã
ض֣СͯͷջʱߺԤ׵غĿײˡ
ںžʯĹ󣬽һɲգۺƲȥ
ϯʱһӷֳ˼ʸضһֻ򸾺һĵӣԼרŸϻ͵ѻŮ
ϣ漸ֹض֪ʲôȴʼղᡣ
ȻѾľԨüͷһ壬е
Żķˣǳʳθڣ
ڹгԵҲ٣游ؽ黳ضЦ
δһǸ˭죿ϳкдܣŻָϳźøĹ°
ŻӲԴǣڹҲˣ游ʵڲʱҲһȡ
ɫһ᣺ŶʱҲˣ
ȷʵضЦڣҲСء
Ϸ˶ЦˣϷ̲סӽɺ𣿡
ӡض΢΢һЦϦϼһ棬ԶԶţһжá

ң
һ磬վŷ̷붫
붫ǰʵӣҪ£ū澰ŲЩ
áӣ˸Ƿʥ֮˵ֹ˯˱վգˡ
ǵ
Ԫڣ͸壬͵͵ĸ˵ʲôġߣҳȥ
һһӷо飬ȥ
붫æϣӺôģҪˣūҪһƤѽ
һ󼦷ɹӴźױƤ۳ˡ
ܿЪϢȻԵõڹĹϡ
ӣȥĶѽ붫ʡ
Ԫڣȥصɡ
ɡ붫룬ϣʹصλߵ̫Ȱ档
˵öԣԪڣ֪ˣҲһֻ۱һֻ۰ɡ
οĶȥɵأǡ
صɵĹ˼˵ȥûһᣬϲɫɾӭ˳
ˣ
ӹȻƳ˼ۣû֮еӰ
밲Ԫѽڣһ𣿡
ӿûˣؽЩ񡣡ɼæӣǰ¡
ɵĸŮ裬˵ȶˡ
οؿӶ豭һڣһʱǰʻֱһ飬γѣæ
ֻһˣǰ㸸ˣЩĻơӿҪ
װʣ߽û
ЦˣžŻһġѾˡ
ˣ˶٣ɫѲǰʣһ𣿡
ҽ˵ճжû⣬ֻϰ䣬Σڻ޷ԡûߣЦ˵ҹ񾩵ƻᣬҡ
ɻ˵Щʲôȥ
ִһᣬﷳûţԻȻɣѰ˸ڱ뿪ˡ
ɫ߳صһֱţ붫ȰСظ
ߵһһ˵Ļʱͣ½ŲɫƵؿ޲ĳ档
Ԫڣ梶İ˱Ŵ׷꣬ûС
ӣȥ˵ʳ߹ͣˡ붫˵
ǲʳɡ̧żһԵʯһԽԽСǰ͵ģĴûꡭ
ӡ
ԴӶ˸Żӣ梱ҡڸãʲôŻӳȥˣԽ˵Խȭͷڳ߬ýģ˭ĵܵܣ
ӣ߹ǰʹҪҪѽ붫ɫ̽˵ʱ
ûҡֻʹһΰˣ
ŭ
ĪŪһŻӣһûȻҴơһûкͰ梳ƻأƾʲôƾʲô
붫ͷɥȰ
ӵƢҲ˽⣬ǰɥĲҲ˵˵߹ӹǸ󣬽ͬǰһˡ
ҪǴʱ˵乫Ĳãºõֻˡ
վ͸£紵һᣬһ롣ȴǳģйȥһģί
ã梲ƴǰˡ
ðľŻӵԵ
յô࣬ΪθƫƫҪͰסһأ
ͷţȻһкͣ
Ӵⲻ𣿡
ǰӱ˴ӵ°㻺
ԾȴòЦӭܣǺɡ
ǰɡԪڣ粻죬ô洵磿
ǿЦߣܲҲɢ𣿡
ǰҸմعϳ̿յ̫ˣҲŸʺĸ˵ⲻҸڳˡ
Ǳ㲻ˣһ
ȵȣֽסЦɼŻˣλð械صϣһδ֪Ƿʹһ˲м
Ҳ֪Ȥȥͩ̽һ֪ˡ
߽ùȻأͩﲻֹϹӡȳӡŮߣֶ˸зϻӣʵ˷һۡ
ӹ⳰Ĺ˷׷ϵشЦ
ӡ붫ǵסɫӣһ嶯˵ʲô֦Ļ
վϣҲҪâǵأ
ҲҪСģзϻװ梲źá
лҸ档
붫Цòһ֣
ҰŻҲǱµּ⣬֪ҰƣԲŽŻϡ梣ҿ¶ԾŻӹĸ࣬ΪŻ˫۾ǰķɰɡ
Ц⽥
绹£һףԪ𡭡ǡ
Ӵŷ붫뿪Ȼվԭء
ʮˣҳȻתһԲ̡

Ϥ򵹣ɫҰס
һֱߣߵµĿȫǣȽ࣬˽š
ûõĶ
һԵĹְ˽ŰѲû
ؿŽѪƶйѥ˵
˻һ˫ѥҲٿ
˸ҳ顣ķæ߳ͷӵЦ
ūףһ۵µ۾
Ӻһµǰȥ
Żӣ
ǸۻѪ֣Ҳֵܣ
Ҫ˶ͻ֪⹬˭֮ӣ
лҪ˵зۺ飬Ҫ


13 
Ԫ֮ҹеƻֵͨʨԶԾ졣
ʽĲʵƹ֦ͷ¥ߵĵȱȽǣͬԴӳȥɫԡʮ׵ĵطһĲ¥ߵĽϾҪá
£̻ĿãܼСһá
С޵۹½װƷΧڵȦǰԼ鷻³ĵȻ졣
ñضӽֱߵСһǺ«ʱȻĿתؿǰķ򣬼Ϸӱݱ߳߿Χ۵Ⱥʱкú
Զضֻϡܲ١׿ȴʡ
𾢣Ŷ˼ֻ˱һǽǹӵݵߡ

ʶܾ֮ܿⲻԶ
ضǺ«ٽЦ械ѵһ㣬ԣҿҪˡ
һʱǹӲɷ˵ͽ
Ϊѽ˼£ضڴĿ£ɫ
ꡣ
ģ֣鲻ԽЦ˳
Ƭ̺ñЦͣˡ
껹ֱͣԵɬĴȴ
һ׵ıɴЦʱӰӰ´µ͸һ˿į
ʲôʱԸ԰梿ڣ
ںڵӿ촽˶ضΪҪˡ
һ룬ֽ˻ȥ
㲻뿪ڣǱ㲻ضʧ飬Ц

ԥţţոռѵſƬ촽ȻǺ«˹
ҴһЦ˵һᡣ
ӦȺѾֿ˱˴ˡ
Ůӿ첽ߵղСЦŶڼڵļСؤǰ
СؤиͷСֻ󣬷ֲŮһ˫СŰҲͷԿţƤļƣŬؿͷ
ڹĶҹŮԥؽ⿪ůĶŮ޼
ŮŵͷˣԵؤ˵ƺǿƾܡ
Ůİɴ˵ʲô
ͻȻУӹԵСȻһ£ŷŻȹŮһźͯգǴգһɲĺڰʥ覵硣
һؿţԼһ˵ʲôҲԼһҪʲô
ĦȺȥҴңע⵽խǣһλŮѩ֣ЦŲȥŮͯߵͷм
Ĵǣ紺շɻҹ£ֵϵյƣ߾ȫģᡣ
Ϸ̨ٿһãΧ۵ȺһƬϧڶ
׵ʱֻϧ˲ܲ٣
˶˵ۣܲϷȴ˵ҳӣ壬۲ŴΣһҳӣ
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ܻʵۣˣҪȨã
׵ǰĻʵУܲȨȴѵÆ
ϷģһϷ˵ģûнԴϲģ
ӼǮų́ӳһǡ
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ֻ֪Ŵּţȴ֪ѡһ·֮ͨš
ǵУعײ
رΣʮ׸ߵĳŶ˵ա
ӲˣڻӲˡ
Ьײɰʯ죬̨ףŽŲʱ·ߡ
תޱֵתǣƻһνڶϣŵƻͨǰͣ˽Ų
յ಻ϣѤ쵵ĹƯҹ֮Уɹĺ
Ӱ㿣ҹ
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ÿһյ̾ͽȥһյɵɽҲֳһ㡣ҹ紵ٵĳƮݵĴλãƺһգۣŮͻҹɫɢ
겻֪ߵǰ
ͷҲ̧Ǻڵϵһֻ޵۾
޵ǲⳤ۽΢΢һ˫ĶֱͦҰǣβȴϾȮ
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ȮȮ
ֻǷȮȮĶغӣͭеͶӰ
ҺԼ˸ġڣʲôģ

һһյǰܷ߻ǰ

պǵھʮյȪ
ķ΢΢䣬¶һ󣬼âҫ͸ѩ԰ףˮ޹ǡ
Ȫӹյûнɽǹͣ·Եͷϡ
ûлұԼعȨһΡ
Ǻ̧ۿꡣ
ҹջްŮȴǹɡ
ˣұ㻹İ梡梶ĳŵȻ

ǵð梶˵ʲô𣿡

˵Ҫͬʹࡣ
ҹɫУŮЦˡ
΢Цһ˿ɬ
Ԫƻᣬ梴ֹΪ˿ơ
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˵
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ŪһӣҪǹ
ƵڳҡҷŮɫƽʹĳڸƵâγĹԡ
ʥǧǣһʧοһСأ˵ģֻоܣһϣ
ҹɫﻹһԽԽԽԽԡ
΢Цš
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ض֮ͣ⣬˫ַϥǣƴꡣ
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߲ˡض˵
ҡ㡣һһ˵㡭ߵ졭ǡһߡ
ں͸ϵЦˡ
áȵ죬һߡ


14 
ˡ
Ϲپջ̽Ԩе磬ǰضһ
һڴദ̣ʴ˾ŻԷŻʡг̶Ȳһķʣʳ񡣺Щˣʱվܵá
֪ˣ㿪ҩգ𡣡

Ϲپº󣬽̶ðҩһ룬ضһ롣
룬һֶ꣬Цˡ
ǻͬʹˡ
̾촽Թ
˵أҪѶ˱ˣôҪҩ
ԱˣҲϰˡضЦԨȻûϰߣȥСЩǹ
ǹ԰ɣ̲ϵشĽڣԺʹū澲ܹȵҩѽʲô۽ۡǹӶ壬ܳԣ˾ӰҩЧ
ỵ́ҲԣֻԨԡض˵ȥһˣԨĿˮҪˡ
Ԩ
뿪ھܾһֻѾ졣
ضЦеԡ
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仰źͩ壬һΣȻûü˵ͱǺʶ졣
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һεļĬʱ
Ԩָܿ
ͷ˵
ضһ̧֣Խ
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ðͷǡҰ械ɡЦ

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ضĵȴ

ſ촽ɫᣬ񼴽˵ʲôʻ㡣
梡
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Ѷȥˣ˰ѵϳһ塣¿۹ڵϵ²㣬ȥɡ

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ͣᴵˮϵĲҶ˵
ĲңȴǵҡΪӣҲֲ̩
Ҫ֪Ϊǵͷ󻼣ո׾͸ҵնݳйʺ¼ҵˣȴȻϵϣϵѪȴйճæô࣬ͷźã
ŭɫµúͣɫƽ
·ҪһߣҪһһڳԳɸӣֻҭԸ
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˵ǣ
߹˰һΪѾ׵ļƻиʱ򡣼ȻģҲ޷һҰɡ
µúͼӦǣף


15 
ɫ΢±վعյĵǰɫƽ·˯һ㣬һżվº̫ҽԺԺ󣬰Ҵһƽ
ǰ̫ѳЦݣǰһЦ
׸ˣū澸øɺã
±ۣɱƬ촽³ƽ֣á
̫ûȤЦЦ˵һԡ
ĵźȻ򿪣ߴȫЦ߳׸ԺСɡ
ԺæһǰĶ߽ڣԺвŸſţֻʣ²Ӿнվſڼš
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ΣҪƾ־ֻ顣
ȴûеڶϹپһ֮


16 
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Цſض
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Ϊβܣѵй
Ӳƣսţڳ֮࣬ʱܲ廰ȴʣ޼
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ض˵ÿһ䶼ºͳȣÿһֶѹ̧ͷ
ӼЦӰĿ޲ضϴʮ߰˸Ѫһͷ֮ޡ
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ضɫƽؿ
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µɴ˫ۣѿڶ̩ɣ
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عڣʱһš
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ʣްֻûվˤһӡ
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һ󣬽̷ֹӵضţڱڶ
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УƮһɵѪζ
̷ض·Уס̣˵Ǻ
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ڱȥأ黨񲼻صضǰǲϣһö룬Ӧʱ䡣
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17 
һЩҡ˷͢ķ֪꣬ʱѳ䶨
ԻڵնŲԵ⵱ְ졣񾩹عһڽ㣬ʲôʱܳҪ񾩹ʲôʱȬ
һһҽͩһһҩͽͩ޵ٵѯȴ˿ϢǵʹСϵ壬˵԰졣
񾩹˴**һܹȼõƶշ׷Ϊоܻӭ˵Ҳսת񾩹ǰļܲС
˶ָͩ͸񾩹ϢȻʵϣͩо󲿷˺һԹĽһ֪
ͩԺ£СŮص̸С¯ϰҩٺĻ಻Сеںɰҹ紵˹ƮҩҲ˶˲̸
ҩʮˣô滹һϢҲûУ
˵βͦء̫ҽԺ˺üҽûЧλϹҽе㷨ӡ
ѽҩҲôˡ
⻰ͱ˵ҹΣμȥˣ
ѽޣôأ
˵᲻Ԥףôһ죬֮ȥô
СŮҪȥĶȥĶѵѡֻϣҪȥҪȥźһˣ
ˣǹľŻôôúþûˣ
ԴӹŲŻҲ¶ˣҪ˵𡭡Ҷǹﻹôһλˡ
ˣҩʣ೤ʱ䣿
ҿҪٵһ㡣
ˣ̲סˣȥɣ
Уȥҩô죡
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СһЩĹŮסȰ˵ֻ÷Сȸһȥˣ߱
ҪһЩѽҪǱڱˣǶԲ˶ߡ
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̸ԽԽԶȫʧ
ҹ紵Ժľɳɳ졣µ·ԽԽˣɫɰĴԵ˻һһζ࣬࣬࣬˻﷭ӿҩķʹ/
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˯ε䣬걿׾һ¯ҩ
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Ϊİ梡ض˵Ψһˡ


18 
õɫͩĵש޵ڣһƾƵ糺죬ϵֽ
ŮͬһǰӰһȦصĹԡ
Ȳ裬и˿Ƕˮʼܹһųߴ粻һ裹ϺʣŮȡһִ֧ʡ
УǴЦ
ءסԨ
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Ǻߣսʿ
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˵ġ֡
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վúûаɴֻ֣Ц߰ա
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ڴĸ룺趨ĸȷЧ׼ȷʼߣõ룬¼ΪŮرƵģ˭ɫ
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ҪʲôطûΪʱϵƥûÿأ϶ÿҪûж߰æǰҲûشһشɶҲӭᣬƥģֻҪǸ˲ιģ˵ɶС
ľͲظ֪ˣ̫ˣ峤ȣ
󣬶Сʹо


19 
ǰض˽ӣתһɫĿ
뿵ŲԶǰһ˴ӵķͣãֱȫʻţӲűҿһŮӽ̽ͷ
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ŮӶҪѧŮģȻŮӣҪ幤ãŮӲŮҪ˳Цģ
˭ЦңػɲȻŭҲƤ
ǣ˭˸ЦС㣿ݡλŮѧŮôˣСܶϹȵЦݣοСŮأǰҼСǷС
ػŭԧ죡ֻ۾СˣǷǷе֦Ϸԧ죡
ַǷСһѣ￲һصա
֦
ԧ죿
С벻Ǹ˽˼
Ȼһ¹

˵ʩ࣬ÿζضֶ顣
滹ôϴɾ˱ǣżҲյЦԷǵ
ȷ˵һֻƢսС졣
Ҫô졭Ҳ߯ޡ߯ˡǰӭӵڱһ´С׶죬һ仰û˵꣬Ѱʮƣһëü
µضڱǰḧС⻬ë
ԭСŮ£ڣΪܵطС
Ŀǻʲôɷɣ
΢΢һЦ¶ˣȴûб䡣
̲ԣ
ضûнͣתϷΣ˵˹ԺӿŽС˵
߽лһ·ͣյĸлҲһݹ͡
ڱͷ˫ֵѵС׶죬˵
߹ô˵ġ
ɫͷĥӣسС׶һ
졪
С׶ڱ쳤˲Ҫͺڱƴץڵȵﴫ˹
ͬһǻͣҲ̫ˣȥӣ˵ʲô
ūһѻ
ڱС׶첻ɷ˵һС룬ظ뿪˿š
Ƭ̺Сƿţ⿴˼ۡ
˹ˡСܻͷ˵Ѷˡ
С˵:ô졭Ҫܲ
ûСܺǳЩˣȥ
˵𣿡ػɳͶȥĿ⡣
СһΰƨȣڨڨЦЩζūΪ
ҲֲΪ
ػɷСŶСĵ
ơ

СŶ쿿
Сֻһ´ССһ׵ëһƵһغոǰڡ
ػǣҪӹ׶졣
Сɫǣԣһ
ù֦ҶѵôĶ죿
ػɲΪ⣬ӹСץŵĶ졣
ڲѵĶ쵽ϣûвӦΪض˶ëһë
㻹ʶࡣػ̧°ͣɫضС죺ʵɣҡȸöˣܲҪʲôʲôֻҪΪҸĶ졭
С׶ƺҲĳŵжԲĶƨɣۡ
һ̲ɫʴӰƨɵµ䣬һֵڵϣһ֣մػɵָϡ

ͻȻž
Сܵɴ۾ǰĻ棬СæҶ֣СأѾһʱﵽ
һ˺ѷεŭ쳹ʳǣ
ƤػԺ󵹹д
ͩУһֻȸӹͺͺͩɣĳ졣
ͣ²Ķ̧ͷ⿴ȥ
ʲô𣿡
ضֻżͷҲ̧ˣķЩ
һͷˮ:з
ڱڣ˵鷿ĹˣʾŻӺʱѧ׼ŶҲ֪ͨʼ׼
Ϲپ˼أ
Ϲҽ˵ŻӵѾãʦĿްģʦĿȴҪһʱա
ȥ鷿˵Żʼѧ

ڱͷˡ
ѿ˶ʱЪɡ̷ĨȰͩѾѿҲû۾
ض۾Щۣż£ߵǰ
ľ⣬ⶥͤһˡ
ʯͣһƬݻƵҶùͺͺϻͩͤצ˿֮ʵ
Ҷ
ƬĿҶգһ˫ں͸ϵڶ
߸֦ͩͷײ˸š
֦ϵ˫ֽ߬˴±ֵĺӣɫִ٣Щ
ٹ£ˣʱͩһķ羰ÿˡϹҽ˵ͩʵֹƽĹЧūӣʱйǴū澸ˮȡ̲ӣһ˵һ߸˵̧ͷ
Ůվڴǰɫڷ衣
̫͸ĲӰһߣδ㴺ɫȴİߴ
Ŵĳ΢Ц
Ҳڴһ졣

ʮպѴã鷿ѧˡ
ض˸磬ţ
µ컹ýϳ٣ѹһ̨ĲںڻɫĻҡǰ
ǵðնĻ𣿡
úѧϰϡ
ضЦ֣ḧƽ죬©һ㣺
УҪ۸İ
ĵӦһ⡣
ҲС
˹
İǶ׽ͬ˵ܳΪĵһѡضЦԨϣ߳ȥ硭һϼĻʳǸ

𣿡ض
˺һᣬͷ
࿴ٺͱЩڹѾ˵㲻ٶ˵ˡ鷿ĶǻӣǵİҲӧңէǻѣ̡̾ǻӣǲĶʲô
Ĭţ֪˶١
鷿ͣ£һִٲӰ߳ܣض˲Ȼʰ
ŨüۣۡСȴһӢضյİĵ
Żӡ񾩹
ضԷЦĹӼȻԨİպĻͻšԨδܶطҪѣҪкѴؼ⣬ԿѰҡ
һ죬üɫҪſڣȴʲô޾ɵشüë
л񾩹ʶҷһڲ׾ʼգҵڴ
ͷɰͰ͵رһǼҪĸӣضҲϣЦ˵ῴԵꡣ
ס梺˵Ļȥա
΢΢һЦת˲ߡ
ֱ񾩹ĲʧڹͷջذͰ͵ԱߣŻȻŹһ񾩹ֻƵġ
˫ɫÿһζĹһΡ
˵ʵʼǲһģ˿ޱѵʶԼڸһѪͳĻ
Ҵһӵ壬һٰˣô͸һѪӵأ
Լ˺һ裬ԼݳƵĻͷŻӣǽȥɣîˣʦҲˡ
ŻƳһۣޱ飬˫һ޶еһĻš
ΪԼ˸ƨʱһġšӾŻӱǻ﷢
˸ƨ
ظϾŻ鷿ĽŲ
ԵЩȵ鷿һѣ˵Ȼ졣
Ԩ̤뷿ź󣬸ǵ˲㣬ȫĿ㣬һԨһĬĬλϵװ
һһ뿪ԭλãǸɢȥ󣬱ӵӴȺ¶
ӴһɫɴԲۣؿڴһֺֻ֯һݡ
ɵϣְһʨֽ۾Ԩ´˸顣
ӴⲻӼľŵôô¶ˣ
лҪ˵VVո»١
Ӧûд׵㣬Ůǰδֻб˴ˡ׷ĽõȻл뿪ĽҲ±ټ
ϼǰ壩һҪʣ
Ҫ
Ҫλú;йأƥллôôô~


20 
ӵĳ, 鷿ȻûκλԨĮӴ̹鷿, ֻصҰޡ
ܵĿŵӣϵĳЦᡣƿ˫ֱⲽ, סǰ·
ŵ, ˵, , ûϳ, 
Ԩ, ֻǣһɻŷĮĿ˵
ʲô
ۼӵۿɼˣæվ֮, Ҫգҡ
ӿɲˡ
һ۵ͳ˹¶ų//ıġ
˵ĵط𣿡˵˭
Ҿ֣, ҸΪ䡭
Ŷ, һĶӰӳűƬ촽ЦһĶ̫, Ҽǲסҵӡ, ʱܰѸڵСү, 񹦷򾫽, ؿɽ˰ɣ
ӵĵʱһЦ, ȱϻȱˣ
漰ˣδ޵ãٺõƢҲ̲סˡ
ŭҥòִˣСүԼˤģ
ӿֻȭͷЦ֮ӹȻͬôţȭͷôǶԱǶ˵һΪ˷²˺ͣ
Ƴ޲Ԩ˵
˵׼δ˽ͨⷬĶء
Ǻ죬߾ȫסʧء
ǿѹŭ˵Ҹףֳһ壬ԱĹܱѴ˷
Ǻǡӳ˳ǣ˵Ưʲôãɱ֤һġ˵ǲǰŵܣ
Ԩ̫飬ֱʵڶŽĿͶ
˵
Լĸ֣ɢЦɫ
㡪
Ӹǰһһſͻأ
Ƕһʲô첻ȥ飿
ٷʦӵ߽ɨվſڵļˣ
¹ʲ֪£ʥ˵ĻǶˣ
ӺͰɢΨӺİվŲ
·ӲԨҲܶ
ӵİֱҪ졣Һϣѵһѧ
ݣ㾿ʲô
¼ҵĵճһ¿ˮ̵ģƤЦؿ⻰ʵ֣ҿʲôû
ʦ̨ϵĽ̳ߣ棬üߴʣµٻλ
ĿԨתһȦֶվԣɫƵЦת߻λӰΣҲˡ
˿СԨ˵ŻӣҲ߰ɡ
ǵλº󣬱ʮĿ
һųƴһŶ鷿ı׼ã鷿ֻһŵĽΨλ
Żºʦ̨ϿʼҪó鱾
һãһ߳鷿ˡ಻ס˵**Żӣ˵Żӡ
Ԩ̧ƳһۣԷɫϿңһֻ·ʲôͬʱڲʾһЩ
ƺмܵĴҪ
Ԩ뿪ǰĶΪѵƫһ㡪룬ϿԺԲơ
Żӡ˽ձ𣿡
Ԩ
óһֱ·ձһ鱾󣬲ţĶձÿֻٸ첻ˡҳ˺ü꣬ǵһԼŶ򵽣鷿ѧʱ̫磬Ҷóʳձһֱڻأ㡭
ֻûڣ̧ͷԨ˫˵˲ѡ
ڨڨЦЦźذձ·
š
ͻȻ̧ͷؿĿбӵľŻӡ
ƽƽһӦѵǴ֪ˡ
һӦع˵顣
ոյĻȥ˵Ȼ˻뺣Ǵ˷ˣҪ
䣬һԼ
ŻٲҲǱµĶӣõοԸһҪ𱰲ֺȫҡ
ھŻ޲Ҳ֪ûȥǲΪ⡣
ٷԼǻɷӣֻλϣһ˺˼롣
Ǿʵʵľĵλ˸ż빬ʥ˶ͻ˸ӴţǣؽһϹùãùµġ
ѧ֪һѧһʹĹؿѽ
ϹùõĿУ⹬Ǹ˲¹ͷĵط˵£СССġһϵľȫ
ǰͱˣȻӣ񾩹ྼ䣬ļλֳɶ񾩹ӵ
˵ȻҲ񾩹Ƴ֮һ񾩹վǰʱɫң񾩹ôᣬûһ㹫ӡ
ؼҺһҪֳдţҪ֪һĽӶ
˼뿪鷿ңԶߡ
֪ûع˿ʲôأ

ƵԡŻڳϷڡ
֮Уضſڳرߣˮ°ͺֱۡȹӶڳرߣᰴĦļ羱
ƤƯְۣһ覴öûС˵
ǽ̵ֺãÿáضס̧֣ɵ￴ţЦ˼ң仪Ͳ֪Ժļҹӣ
̺һջ֡
߻Ȥˣ̲Ų˱أⱲӶҪϹùãһӸŹҲ뿪
㻹ҪСޣСҵСء
ۣԭǹ˼ˣȴȤ̣
ԭŮ˵ЦضϻЦ⣬̵Цȴ
ʰˮһں㷢һأ̲ģֻҸꡭΪˣԲҪ
ض˵Ҳġ
¶ЦǰһҪСأ
ضŽ̼߳İĦû˯
̣һĶѧģǰù
ʶ˹һϹɰѧһС̲ﲻ˹æǹۣūȴܰŰùһ㣡
ˡض˵ʦ˭ڱЩþƣѹ׵ı¶̸㡣
Ϲŷɱģɫ˵ɱǰôôҲὩأ
ضȻһ쬵ķпѪࡣ
̲סһ
ѽ̼ææس֣ˮˣūϾͼˮ
ݹˣǷɡ
ضº޵ױ̨ǰŽ̸óʱֶĵ´صĸϢ
̿Ц˵һСá⻰ֻСûи߹ٴֻ̾
ɵؿڣŻȥ鷿𣿡
ضͷҲ̧ʲô
Żͣ˺һᣬƺԼҲ֪ô˵յҲ֪Ǹõı۸ŻӣǾŻ۸ˡ֮Ҿе㵣Ժ¡
ضȻͷȴ΢΢
õķ롣
ô룿
ȷ˵ЦѾˡ

ʦ̨ϸ̸ۣٴ죬̨Ƥܣǳϡ
һһĵĶͷײʱʦ̨Ľߣ̨ˡ
ŹԣӲλ֮𣬶֮磻»֮֮ⷣ˭ܽ仰˼
Ღ֦ջʼϽһǺƲ俪ڣ
ŵʦشĻҲÿǰѧĽȡ
ʦ˹Żӣô仰˼
Ǳ飬ʦ˵仰һӡûУ˵ʲôŹİæȴشֻĵؿžŻӣϣԼ֪𰸡
ԨɫĮȻӦ
Цŵ֮ǰˣ˿ҵҲ⣬ʦ绻򵥵ʣ
ʥԻ߱ӣȻסŻӣ֪ߣ
ŻȻûдļΪΧӲͷƤ˵ߣ
鷿ôЦӵЦΪ̶
Ԩޱ飬鷿ŵĴЦδš
ǡТƪ£ŵܲТҲûѧɣӳЦ
߻ΪֺͣǣǰСܻش⣬ŵⶼش𲻳Ҳʦ˽ˡ
ˣʲô˽
Ϊ鷿ʲôط˯ģ߻ӷ̵ʦʵ⣬Ǵ𲻳ģҪܽʮ¡
Ҫߴʮ£ˣżؿŻӣôһ㲻ţ
ʦ˵ھŻӽǳα㡭
ʦҪԶţôվˣӳ˵ҪǿԺ鷿ﻹ˰ʦĻ𣿡
ʦüҪڣѾǰ˵ʦҪ˵ĸʺ游һϣиԶŵʦ̱ζ顣
ʦһΪѣʦԺһץһѣʱɻ͵λ̫̫Ȼͬ
ССݣк֮
ӰвĻ£ʦ̾ˡ
һʦı飬֪Ҫ⡣
ĬĬϣʦھŻеķϣҪ̫ݡ
ʦ˵
ΪŻ


21 
Ŀ, ʶָԼң
˭ЦѲ㻹Ϊ߻ھŻϣܹȻǰܷ
ưͳԻп˵, ͷɥվ
ʦеĽָ֪ʲôľͷƳɣҲ֪˶ٸǰ˵ְ壬ĥù⻬, ǿ˾﷢
˶һϷ, ֻصſ, Լ, ߵǰʦ˫֡
µʱ, , Ȼеʹûз
鷿ﾲˡ
ۣµĽڰվͱͣˣסߵǸ, һֱĬľŻӣ
ԨŽߣӭʦ𾪵, ˲ܡ
鷿ʽ𾪵ײͬ, ʱʱ, ĮȻûʲô仯
ܡ۸˵
ŵ鷿ȻһЦ
ŵ, ξ۸أЦӴ𲻳, ȻǰûöٷֵĹ, ԩ, ѵҪԼʮ𷣣Ȼ޿޲ɣͿŵǾױ˵ĺãԼĺá
ǵȻڱ˵ˡΨ²ңĵŻҲģǽţ壬ܹɣҵļѵأ
ݣɿ𣡡ŭ
ӴĹӺô磬˵ҪˣҪǲǲǽҪҼԺӣҵݰ
ݵĻһЦǺʦɫҲѿˣ֮أҪп֮Żӣ㻹֣
ܣ۸Ϊظһ顣
ʦȻŵҪͳȫɡߵʦԣҪʦԷɲأԻ̣̲֮ϣʦ֮衣οΪֳʮԸΪһʦйǣѧԸ͡
һʹɫʧܺĬĬ˸Ѫͷ
ʲô˫񾩹Ĵƣôô壡
˲ãֻȡ壬ŭĿӵ
Ǵʮ𣿴ʹ򡪡ûһ
׳ʿı׳˵ⷬǲС϶ĻӦģȻһֱޱľŻӡ
ǡӣ
˽ߣһֻȻҰޣͬʱ˫۽̩һһ
ӱ˫¶ȵ۾һһɺϼʶԼһֻסʱ߳ŭڵıĺǹϼЦ
ŵܣժǹʲô㲻ʥûãĵҲ۱֣Ӧýһ硭ɫ䣬˶٣ͱͬһĻ
Ԩû֣ʦ˵򡣡
ˣæ֧ʦǰգҰɣ
Ԩ俴һۡ
ס˲ӵȡˡ
ˣʦ˵
ԨڰգشԶ
ʦ̾˿ߡ
ʮ½ߣӲļලָ̣ÿζ׼ȷ䵽ģʵʵڴϵԹ߶ۡ
쿴ȥˣȴ治ɫ
ʮ´꣬ԨѾײ
ʦ˽ߣҪ˵ԨԤ׿ڣˡʲô
ʦüͷһ֣Żӣ鷿Źȶ߷ʮߡʮȥ˫־ҪһòסˣȰ㻹ǲҪ
æӣＷϸӬִˡ̰ɣ
ʦԨ˵ס̨
תֻЦŵܣǸ粻㣬ʵǰ֮֮СҲΪѽ
ʣӣ;ŻӵʲôڣҪôֵܣ
ڣЦˣŴĶ⣺ǱֵܣĹڡ
⡭ֱ
ŭڼ֮ǰ֪տɶˡ
Ǹ˶ԵúͰˣ
ӺǺһЦ:
⹬˭˭Ҫʲô
ϵЦûȫ˺Ȼء
ĿɿڴײΣһصıīֽ⣬ԼȻԨ
籩Ƶȭϣ˶סˣţƽֻڹ࣬Ҳȥ񾩳ľӪ
ǵһΣ˲б׺ݵĴ򷨡
ⲻǶŹɱˡ
ӵķֻڿʼƬ̣Ϣ֮ɢ޻ֵֵ̧֮
ԨץԺıʯۣ˺ݺײʯͷ档
˵һȻ΢ֲˡ
ֻ˲Ϣ֮䣬˻عԨѾһŲӱϵֺ
βǿ־̧ͷ¶һﶼϲĲ
ӱǻѪȾĴѪ䣬鷿Ψһ
Ԩ֣ٴ泯ˤص棬ڶһڵϡ
˫ȷ֪ϵľǻԵ˻ȥʬ塣
ãԼҪˡ
鷿˭û˵ʱͻȻ;ֹˣ˶ڿŵϲӣֻһ⡣
Ԩ̧ۿ̨ǰʦں͸ϵıʯ䵭⡣
ʦеĽߵ˵ϣһɫס
ޱ֣滹ӵİ߰Ѫ
ɡ˵

̫ˡ
ϼƣ಻ϵߣɴĳȫǡ
ĵĳ£ĊȴŷϢ
ӾסĲɫأٷҽӵĲǰΪҪʲôҩִϡ
֣סȴ
ԲѵӺ̧ʱһ۾Щεȥ
һǿ׳ȥؾŻӣʲô취ҲҪ˴؊
һ
һȺץӶץ
ˤյΪ׵ܹܲҶ㣬һ¡
յѣѪƬһ¡
ڵϣɪɪ
ҲڷġΨһĶӾڲܿ࣬Ⱥӹҽ⣬֪ʱ̩ѣ˺ȴȻң⣬÷ͩǿ߹ˡ
߹߹
־͡
֪ϢȥؾŻӣȴ߹ȣһ˾Żӣ
ܴ裬̣
ڵ˼ΣŭĿü
ױҪȥΪҶ
б죬ͬһʱͩȴ򵥶ˡ
ضǺ̧ۿſڣ

һӰŲ˹˷´֪Ҫ𷣵С
Ԩŵ棬ĶУǲҿ
𣿡ضʡ
ҡҡͷ
˵ѡ
ضƤֻ֣˵𣿡
ҪҡͷײŮ峺۾
Ҫ԰˵ѡ
ֻСһ㡣
˵ֻһ㲻С
Ԩؿ
ŮĿͣ׻׻յҪǵãҲˣҲۡס𣿡
ƶǶص˵ͷ
ضֿ½ǵѪֻһ㣬Ӧǲϲ䵽ġ
ѪҲ̾˿ڱ̷⼸ЩëѪȥɡ

ڱüɫ˳޵
̣׼߽Ρ
ʣҪȥĶ
ضȡͷϵıʯǧ˿£ϼ͸ѩ
ع


22 
һ, 鷿֮ڼӰһһġ͸¶£񾩳ǡ
﹬⣬ݾ¥, ˵ֵľ˲߹һ¡
˵񾩳ͷ竣ôӾ˷ͷűͽƽû, ñӳĹܴޱŵع, ˴鷿ߵ, ֮˴඼ֳƿ, ֻûۼǧѷʢ
ְ汾ĴԶ, ˶ܲ, ֻĵһڡ
˶ڶͩضȴСϵСԡ
չķԸūȥϹҽ, Ľֿζǡ뿴, ʳвƢѪĹЧ, Ȼ̵, ֹȵĹЧǽ񴺸տͷݱޱͨѪա
һһϲСľѿ, ضý̱ŲŪʱ, ͵͵һֻݱޱѿǷŽ, ɫ
ꡪ
ѿ, ζڿɢض·á
Ƿꡣ
ϣֻӵôϣȨǡ
̸תͿľһţ
ضһ޹ؿỵ́ұ֤ҹ
Ҳţı֤ÿζҽ˵ҪٳЩʪȵĶǲĹĵġ
ҡԸΰɡض˵ҵıݴأݴ䵳Σáȥݲ裬ҿٳһ
ض˸գضǰ̡
ȥָСѾͷǣһϲţ˲βϾͻء
̺ͳ뿪޵ֻʣضˡ
°֧ͣڿϿꡪϸ˵ǿﺬѿǡ
áʲôͳʲôĶ߱Ķߡ̾˿梣Ѿˡ
Ԩ
ûһᣬ̶Ųβˣһ߸裬һ˵
ȥСʱСŮǻǰյ¡˵ǾþգڻҲںأҪ̫û棬ôճ
ġضЦ˵ĵ˾ѣѣ˵ܸ̬ͷŻźţֻԲŵĺ£̫Ϊʲô
̻Ȼ򣬿ֶ˼ֳ羴
ضȻסŵСľԣʯ͸
ȤζСľݷһ㿩⿩𶯴СľϣȻҲݵ
õسͶǴĿʱضĶҲ͵õ㡣
¶΢Цա
ʲôʱˣʡ
ʱˡ˵Ҫ𣿡
ˡضβһ˵ҳȥ߰ɡ
ҹɫ谵Ͽһˣ˶ѻϳ·ֻضŶĴ멡
ֳ̧Ȧڴ˿ȣԱߵ̧ۿ
Ҫع𣿡ڶĽʵ
ضҡͷߵ̷İǽǰԶƽ̨µȺ
ǽߣɽ
һյյŻ⣬ҹɫйճۼʢ֮
Ĺ˶Ծͣ⣬ΨԨ˹Ŀ⣬һͬҹɫе˷
ض˵˳˵пᣬȴãĵط
ͷ¶һ˿⡣
ûнͣŹȺģ̨𣿡
ԨĿȥع̨£̴һ̧ɫ̧һ屻һǰһƻͨع
㿴̧ģʲô
ӣ
ض΢ЦŲ
·
Ļ
˵˺üʾ֭Ҳ벻´𰸡
˺屻ĵţૣʲô񣬾ǲˡ
Ԩ˵ĻᷳƵģתͣ߳Ĺȥ
߳˸ڳԣͬС
ĵһյһյˣ滺ҹ˵ķ˿ԨɿߵˣϳһԲҹֵƺʲôĶȫע
梡
ѿڶ
ضعתͷ΢Цţ
Ҫ𴦡
һ㶣Цա
Ԩ梿ű𴦣ȴϡ
Ԩڰյ˿û¡
̫ʵˡ
Ĺƣƺҹ⣬ﻯǡ
̫Ѥʱɢλá
Ϊʵ

Ŷ˵߽һ·ͣ£ǵƻԻ͡ĊŵɫأĬվܵӰ¡ߴĵڣԼԼӵŭͶĴ졣
Ȼ̫汣㣬̷ӽԺ鷿Ļﲻ֡ȥ鷿ֻȥ̫ѧԺͺѧʿǵѧʴҪһЩ˶飬λУȻҲһȡضʣԨڵյľٶ𣿡
ڡ
㺦𣿡
¡
¾ͺáضЦʧ֪Ǹ鷿ҲաֻҪĹ۲죬ߵÿ˶ԳΪʦ
㣿
ǡЦҡ
ض򲻶ϴĊ˵ӽѡҽ˵û˼һ¾µء֣öԡ
Ԩ֪Ϊʲô˵ö𣿡
Ϊʲô
˵ӾöۡûӣϾͻ죬ûϡֻ

ǰ梽ĵһ˳·ǸԼ·ض˵һߣպȫߡ
ȻԨû飬ܾĶԡ
߰ա˵
߳𣬵ڶͣʱ治Զ̫ٿ
ٿĹûйҵҲǺһƬ֪ʱԨΪ˵乬
Σ̫ѾζԮ֡⹬˵һ𣿡
Ԩ룺ǡ
ضû˵ǶǴ˹˵ںʱǳ͢سˣҵŮֻ֮һƷ̫֮λǼȵӳһ߰ˡ
˵ЩǹеĽɣ˱ܻ֮£˵Щʱɫһƽ
ϷһǸ̫ӣǸ̫İӡӣֻΪغ̫ͬŭһͻһ
ǡ𣿡
ҪԼȥˡ
ŮĿڹ
źȨıʡ쵼Խ࣬ԽҪźءһʧȥһЩ˾ͻֻ֪һˡһһķˡ
һ϶ǷˣͳҲɡĿ˵ŽȻ෴Ļһֻ顭һֻ֮顣
Ԩ˼˵Ļת߳ȥ߰ա㰢ȥһط
ٴϳã߳Żͣ¡
Ԩ³ѧŴӽǶӣתҪŮݳһֻ֡
ֺͽ̲ײϣ̷ӦѸٵ˻ȥοһЦɴҹɫͣƬ̣ŮЦŴϣ˵ء
ԨǰĹȥоһɲͬѰ¡
һֻצڷڰ񵤱ݣҹգ߽ש¹ҫ
ԶҶɳɳޱߵҹڶϡ
һľס
·ֻʣ֮ˡ
ضȻ˵Ԩ֪ǵĸΪ𣿡
һ㶡
ҲûܴĿеõ𰸣ֻǶݵƬͣ٣˵ȥ
ֻΪǵ游ǰʵ˵λ
֪µһ֪Ҳһôη
ⷬ治ĻˣҪҪ˫ϥԨĿ̹ȻηգҲգؿ
һŰֽͿĨӰ߲ܡ
ḧӰԼ
ֱΪĻӰӣһ
ȨڡһˣǧµѡЦǣ˵ԼĻԣΪԼ֮ӣնĻʵۡ
һô룬Ϳʼĵ·
ǰһи㣬͵£ֻǸթˣжȨֱʱŻ֣ᷢǰЩ֮ûʲô֮֮λ˭ãΨη֮ˣá
ԨҪס
û죬û񣬸ûʲôעûС
ԨһʶûоηǶ̫󡢻ʺ󣬻ϵı¡

뱻˲ڽ£Ǿȥ
ҹĻϵĹ˵
Ϊǵ졣
Ҳη졣


23 
ع, ݺ
ٵ۲̴Ƕ޺ϣƳͷĲɵؿҵˡ
˲ʮ, ýΣҲá
ٵ˵ĶãҲ˵Ķá
⺢ӡǰ, СϻֻǸ, ȶҲСһء
ȴڳл
ٵԽԽķ, СϵĸҲԽԽ, üͷһ, ֵ㳪ô, ҲˡȥúϢ޿㡪ߴȫ˻ع

һҹʹƷΪƷ, Сϲ⣬æ, ˵
л¡
ߴȫͳСϺ, ͷ첽߻, ߵ޺ǰСĳٵһۣ
Ҫ𣿡
ٵ۳˳, ɫ룺ڸƱɡ
ߴȫͣһ, ٵ۵ɫ, ˵ȥ԰ҹ, ֳ˵С̫԰ķ羰ء
ȥŰɡ

ʵרõ߽λ԰У;ɳصʱٵһʱ߽ԲС
ٵ۱ʯС·ϣ²ʣߴȫ㻹ǵʱǺ԰ɽϵӭöѽ
ǵãǵãﶼЩ÷ѽĵģֻССݣʱҲֵģʲôУ
ʻ˵СĶ֪ǮȥʲĵѽӭãˣҪǣϲ
ߴȫһ㶣ٵʶԼ˵ʲôЦҲˡ
ˡǰ£˵Ҳաٵ˵ߴȫӭñãǸʲô
ůЩ԰ֻµ˾ԷźúЩҲͿöˡߴȫ˵
ٵ¶Ц⣺úãӦʹ͡㿴Űɡ
ǣūȥͰ졣
ٵһ֧ʢƻ֦ӭתֵݸߴȫ˵ȥصñ˿

ߴȫϰΪСĽӹµĻ֦
ټ£Ҳֻܾ԰￪ʲôˡ
¡
οˡٵ̾˿˵߰գǰʲô
¾˴ɣٵ۸ǰԶоˡ
һ¹ҾôƵתûлᡣ
¡ߴŮ»عٵϥ
ٵҲӦæ̧̧֣Ҳߣ
ǰ˵ɳصӭã£Գߣϱ£˱徻
ţţٵæ˵ߴȫһ·ۣʲô徻ܴţ
۵ĸߴȫ
ЦЦָֻƵЦֻΪ׽֮˲¶ɫ
ٵᣬ¶ЦݣȻˣߣ
ϸһ˿ԥٵΪҸɾܾԥӦ顣
檲ʤҡ
˳С·ǰȥһȺԾ࣬λ˵强Ŀռ䡣
˵ɣʲôѴҪ˵ٵڡ
¡
ֱ˵ǣֻң㻹ʲô
ǡɳƬ̣˵ǶĻ¡
ٵЦôϲˣ
˵⼰һʮˣŮ껪ţѴ·źá
Ҽءٵ˵ʵϣļչˡ
˭˫ˣҲ
ˣ˵Ǽδӵܣιѡû͸Ǹ񾩵ĵճأĵճˣ˵ƷǶ
أһڴ
ٵִ·֦ϳһƻ䣬¾ָˣȾָĻ֭
˵ǡˣ˭Ҹ᣿
ڴᡣ
¡ٵʱɫҶǺȥ۰ŮƣĻ£ʵмƽϣֻδһֱ˵
һϣæ׷ʣ¿˺ˣ
ԭӣƽ˹䣬壬ǸֵиˣҿԹҲд⣬ƽȺǴһƬ޻̸һ֧֧࣬Ųƨ
ô̲סЦˣѾǾ֮ˣôǰڲɡ
ٵۼЦˣ˵øΪ𾢣ⷽƽʮŵˣͷһϴƼǶ˵ģɲڱƨ㣡ǶҼ˶ż
˵֪¶˽٣
ǾԭֵͦģͷΪдһʣ
ʡûзˡ
óʳΪˣ˵꣬һͨ졣
ٵüͷ룬˵ߴȫ
ūڣ
۵ĸߴȫӦٻһٵǰ
޽ҵ£֪Ƿƽ
źٵۼʮˣߴȫһ֪ӹĵصʲôƽֻͨѾͷѾͷǿѾū֪˶ǿġƽȥ٣Ҳر𡣡
ٵ۵ͷ֪ˣ˰ɡ

ߴȫ˿ٵۿɣô
ñ¼Цˡɺ˵
һ֪ܲ˭ЦٵۼٺһƽЩġ֮¾һŮӣ
¡
ԼŮԼ𣿡
ٵ۸̾Ƶ˵󣬺Ȼͣ½Ų
£
ٵۿŻͷɣɫϿҵס仰ұ֤һΪǵŮҸһˡⲻغı֤ޡǴ˷Ļʵı֤Ҹ㣬ٸǵŮ
ɻعʱǰѾģ
ǿѹˮ˿
ɣûиңҲûйֹ㡣æ̧֣ȥЦĻ£мжᣬҲ顣һСб
˲֪ѾߵǰȥбײϵΣա
ɻָƽʱ飬ٵһתȥˡ
ٵפ㿴ţֱɵӰȫʧڴ·ͷ
¡۵ĸߴȫվٵԣӭҪȥ𣿡
عɡ

ٵſһ˵ǰ·¡õȤ
ߴȫһӦüĿδš
ٵ̾˿Σعա
ߴȫڼݡع
Сٵ˵Ǿԭ


ڣˣֻʣĸŮޣմعȺϢ
;ԭף
һеĲյЩ򵹡
Ҵҷ˲豭ʣ׿֪ˣ
ү
Ϳ޺վ𣺡ô£㻹Ͽȥ֪ͨףѵʥּ£ʱ˵𣿣
𼱡æ˵¶ѹûɣ
ûɣһ㶣ѵ߹Ը⣿
߹ڻ֪ԼܻأֻȻ˼ҾԭҲû˵ǲԸ⣬ֻ˵ǰͿԼһλֶŮˣֻ»ھͿɳɻ顣
ô˵׷ʡ
ûǿ󣬵ɫѿԭ뿪󣬱ûءǷƽԭΪʮþȣվع⣬ŵһʱϢأ
Ц˵
ԭȳڿž˷ƽһ⡣ϳ󣬸ǳòɿŵȫأ
ɲҪ˾֪꣬ķŻضӣ¶˭Һˣ
˳ƹά߹ضϵˣ޵¼ңﻹôĥôĥ
üһӻˮĶҲ֪游ôģô๫ΪξҪ߹޽¼ңﻹһհ𣿣
޲µľΪӿģ˵ģ̫үȻд˾ϣȻź֣Ӱ߹Ҳв
ޱƨ˭֪ƨĵϣһ˵Ȼŭ
в㿴̩ҪǸֱ̩֡ڶû´𣿣
һ¹ڵϣϢŭϢŭū澲˵Ը
ˣû̩ˣ
̫ҽԺԺиߣ˵Ǳǰպöˡֻ˵һʱܴ򣬷˵𣬲Сġ
СĿɫͷʲô˵µʲô
СġһС̡
Ϊ⣬յ
һΪʲôءʲô˵ģһ˰ˣʱ򣬹ͰǮˣѵﻹҪٲɣĵС£Ժ󲻱ˡ
ֹͷȥ

ţһ͵صͣǰݳǸֵˡ
ä۵˲࣬еä۸ֻһݣŵһ֪˭кݾͲˣӴ򿪾С
Ȫδ˵ڱѴͩǿ׳С˹
ǺǰһЩ鷻ˣҪ뿴Ҹһ䣡һһش򣬲ɫһǹҪļͨͨڣ򵥿͹˰ɡ
ҪƾܣһɰЦҾͼ򵥿
롣ڱЦݣé®޳ǸĵСӡ
ϰµӿһȦӻ֣߰ɡ
ͷǰչһ޸Ҿ͸
ͨеɣڱһļ磬кżС̧ӡ
ڹ⻹£ȥˡȪ˵밲
֪ˡڱͷҲصسӻ֣һȥˡ
Ȫվԭؿһᣬת뿪ʳǡ
С̧ûһһĨ˰Ѻ̲סʵ
ڱﵽʲôѽôصøƵģ
ʲôܲҲ±ڱһۡ
װʲôѽصøƵģһ˻Цһ顣
㻹¶ˣˣڱ˵
Ҫˣϻ᲻ɹǰ
ʲôڱأҪˣǹҪߣ
Сɫʣ˵ˡ
ڱҲЦԼһ䣺ƯŮҲˣû⣬ƽ˲ҲǸɿĺء
ô˵ˣ
ǻм٣˵
һ˵˵ЦЦԶˣŻָƽ
ŵϵǺþƣ죬С߻վڵĵط
ûеͷҲûп
صĵط˼ɫĺۡ


24 
ͩԺƧ֮, ڱӶ߳
һͰˮˮƮһĺ«ưŲ֪ĶѧС, ߵǰССأһߺ߸һ߽ء
޵ڣƿ˴ǴɨСŮ, ﻹһʪĽӡ
˶ڱ, ԶԶ
ڱ, ľ²أ
ڱóһưˮ, ͷҲ̧˵ǰ, ȹ², ҳԾ²˽ӣ
ȥˣڱɲ˵
ȻҪǹҵľ²˽ӣûаѹ޵ɨɾ, ҾͰֵڱֱ𱳣ЦŶСŮ˵⻰Ҳһ
СŮЦسͷӴŵҲ͵, ϸϸɨ, Ҫǵҵľ²˽ӣ
ǵã˭ٲ㣡
ڱ˵, ִľͰҨһưˮ
ɫˮƬ̾ͱֵĺգһضָڵ, ڱ, ȥ, һŽȽ
˶, ͻΪƬصһӣΪٵӪ
µһ
ڱһ߽СС˽һĸпԼǸŶյˣùĻ˵ǡٵͶ񡱡
һ֮ڳͶͶڹ滮ʱ䡣
ڱùȥع밲ʱ䣬Լһ飬ϴһ·
ȹʱȻصͩǰŻӷµĹ˶˸
ū澹ӭع
ضůյ޵ڽ̵ķ´멣˵ůٹգͰѻ賷˰ɡ
ڱһ
齣ӽнӹ񼡸࣬˵ϰΪֻɴ֡
ضҩʱһֱֱЦ
𣿡
ʵϵػش𣺡ۡ
ضЦЦҪҩ࣬Ȼ֣Сһ㡣
ӦʱҩĨֻڴ
ˡ΢
ⲻǰ̣ǼضЦ梺һ졣
ЦŰ־ٵԼǰȤؿŻµǳǳ̺ۣͦƯġ
㲻⣿
̧ͷʵΪʲôҪ⣿
ˣ֣°ʹӣЦ
ҵСǡá
ضЦ̶ڻǰ޷޲ƽش޹޽̿
Цó̶Ҫˣ
һԵڱʵʲôģ
㲻֪һʾըĻͱһպ̿ǾԭòҪձ˽Ȼ֪ôġ
̫ҪˡڱͣĬĬһ䣺ˣ͸ֵ
˶ˣȻһ㶼£ҪԾԭͷƽ˸ң
Ǹڱͷ̫ˣǱЩ۸Щū澵ģ͸ðѹû
ض̿ûʵȨԣܾҲ֮СȻ֮е£ʲôأ
ҾôãƾʲôܾҪܾҲǹ̶ܾţĹĵģǻݺ㽿εʵû˿
ڱǻǣ
˵һССûʵȨ˵ڽҲƷСٰˣһ˶硪˼ǹҪؾص밲ءеǹð̣
ǣǣڱ˵
ضüŭĿĽ֡
̷»糯ﻹ־ԭͷƽ
ֱ߽齣߲뿪ͬڱƵضϡ

̻û˵꣬ͱһ档
ˣ·Ͼڻͣû㳳ѣҲҪ㳳ˡض˵
غһҧ棬߷飬˿̷ǵĲ棬ǿɶľԭ
ڱ°ˣضʡ

бֻˣڱǰһ˵õĸ塣
һСƽ̣ȻƼأū澹ڱʱӦûǻŵġ
֧̿Ŷ̲꣬ס˵ū澴ŻȥСԵ㶫ɡ
ضЦ޲꣬˵
𣿡
¶мشԶ
ضЦ˵ա
Сƽʬбˡˡչĺۼڱ۾Żӣ֪ĻҪҪ˵
ֱ˵ɡضǰ轲衣
һЩԵˣСƽĺ/ͥҲˣӦǰǿ߹·ҡū澻ֱ﷢һδȡơ
轲˲Ͳˡ
ضɿһвյ
ڱٷԸһ¡
˵
ض䣬ڱ˼ģūһף

ɫҴңһֻʨèڡè֫嶼ѩףΨһɵβͣͨںڣһѩĳ/ǹ
ôŻŵģèģӭȥ
ū澸ոջǰԺΧֻèһʲ֪ǻɵè
ʶһ۲˵ľŻӡ
ضһ㶣è
èĹˣ˵ȷʵǻɵè
ضЩ˼һûʲôèڹУһһͣˣèҲˡ
հʨèŵϣԥԨֱ˹ߵǰ꣬ðȻϣһ߲Ľţһ̧ͷС
Ȳ֣Ҳǳ⣬ޱؿ
ضְʨè˳ſ۾ضģɣƢ˳ֻëЩɿݴᣬݵҲֻëɣóһʱûԵ
һӳ
Ԩһûбժǹȥ
һ޵ĵУػһ˺ܴĸı䡣
ʲô֣
û˻شֱ̧ͷ꣬ſ˵
ϫū
ضһʱû壬һ顣
ϫūһһٵ
ضһ飬֪ԡʣʲô˼
ҡҡͷ֪
Ȼ֪˼˭Ҳ֪һ
ժǹѪ󣬹ûˣٽδЩעĿضЦҲֿģȻҲ޷ȡ֣һµ
ң
ӽèһйǲ֡ҪѧԼչȡһ֣չĵһ
è˺һᣬ˵
Сֱ̧ӣС
㡭
̸ҪԣضѾϡ
ЦŰèݸ꣺СҪչ˺
֣轩Ӳؽסݳʨè
ȥСԵɡض˵
ͷӲرèվ
ضڱһɫԾ˹ȥЦеΪƿţŻӣū澸һȥչèãū˵
뿪󣬽ǰΪ紷ʣΪʲôùǰ֣Żһûèġ
ضЦţ轲軺һڡ
ֻͶʱ;èŻè򡭡̻ڱè
̻Щɻ󣺡Ϊִڴˣ
Ҳ֪ɶĴ㣬ҲҪһɱ˹ߡ
Ůģ΢΢Ц
ɼѽ̻Ӷᣬұηס


25 
֮, ﹩Ӧͩ޽̿ͣˡ
ʱԵѾϵĴװ
ضĥ˽̺þãڻ׼һСǸ, ѵõĳɴ޺ᵽԺðѿͩ£ɹ̫ƷǸ⡣
һСɵ֦޺һ, ĵضŽץӵʨè
ضһŹǸݸ, ϰԵ, ҲسǸ⡣
ͣԸ, µСûһҧסС, ֦һš
èڽ, ŮһЦſ
ǸĻǹ𻨣ʱƮʮɫ˪ɰ, źģֻöź, ֭ηۺƳɽǸ⡣ССһǸ, 滨˼ء
꿴, ˵ʲô
պ㣬۵ͩҶڷ, Ժ羰续
һ̴ӵкȻ߳, ޺ǰһ
Ҫ˵, һϤһ
Իȥ梽, ò
Сһ޺¡
üŭӴ߳Ϊѵıա
ӼһضԨŲһ٣Ÿüͷ塣
ôˣ˭ôĻ
ضֱ壬Ц˵
ͨôվҪң˵Ҫͨ˹ܽ
ǿŭ⣬ĿػرһԵԨ
ùʳЩ˵˭Ҳն뵽ҹϵͬŻҡЦҲһƬģαضŭأ
Ů΢Ц崺磬ټĽͣӵŭԽԽ
Ա֦Ԩûʣʱôң
˵ꡰ梡ֵ֣Ԩüͷ
ضЦ˵ѧʷۣô㣿
梣Һĸ˵˵ûɣÿ춼Ƕ飬ҡ
ӻ˵һ룬С޺Ȼſ죺

˵ʱʱ죬һ磬ʱס
㡭ôè־ŭŵؿض
ǻɵèûչˣֿġضСһ롭
ַס
ضЦҲҲ
Ҳϲèŭ㲻
ضСݸԨ˵ûԨ
ԨüͷչرסСѪͷ
Ԩ㡪
ôˣضЦˣһ֪Ƶģ㲻Ҳǰ𣿡
ˣԨҲˡ
Һôһ
Ԩèվӻδͱŵúһ
èˡ
èҲˡ
һ˶Էȭͷ˻ڴϣ˿벽ǰ֮
ضһɻ󣬷Ƕֵܣβһˣ
ò͡
ܶ
̫ˣûèȲˮİտĪðľŻҲʲô
ܾǿ˾ڣȵˮûŰĵܵܲɡ
ܣ˫ܵܡ
ĳУ˽ﻰô˵óڣ
ҡôãҶ¡̣ȥѱ͵ĺò衭
ˣ
ѹŭȥ
վſڣֲؿض
Ҫ׷𣿡
ض˵ȥɡ
ȥ
Ҫ׷ڱʡ
׷ġضɫƶ
Ȼһʱ󣬱ʧػˡ
ȥĶˣضʡ
ȥصˡ
ضӻ֣֪ˣȥɡ
ºضСʣµĹǸ⣬𵭵ĳЦ
𹬣´صһΣ㻹Ǻǰһ
ڱ˵ǱգҪ𣿡
ջͶյıĿ⣬˵
ѾͷЩ˰ɣҿһ룬һ̫ǶһǶڹϣҪã
ϴΰһƣûͰ״浽̫ǶضЦ˻𣿡
̸Ҫ˵һСŮ߽Ժ
ָ·ƽһˡ
ڱ󣬰õضǰ
;ʢżʮۻɫԲսһЩŵϵĵ㡣
ضʣô
ûССŮԥƬ̣һ䣺ǣūԺ󣬷Ҳû뿪
ƽ
ضһ״˶ꡣ
˽ļڻһ£䲻֪ǴĶˣȻһ
̧ۣԨֱֱضĹӣﴽˣԹ𣿡
΢ҡҡͷСͷһ˫۾°ת
ضһˣ԰Ժʣѧô𣿡
ͷ
ضʪ˳ȥʮѱ죬Թ죬Ͷι
˽ضЦ
Ȼѧˣ梽ҪԵˡѡ⨺ҡâͶˡ
Ԩ
Թ۵ڱɰΪĴָ㣬档
ǹ
ѧһУ
ضЦеؿŸְʺٲãϯˮƤʦ꣬˵
ȻΡֹȵҩЧ˺Ҷ΢ԣҪǵ¡
˵ͼĺȹһ¡
˶סˣһضš
ڣضع
ɫϿҵذοɫ꣺ʳ£õķ룬ˮס
겻ˣǴĿ⿴
Цǰ梵ĴҪ飬´һ˵
ضУݸһԵḶ̌Цĸˣպĸãʱóд
֪պҪ̺
ȥش߿࣬ĸıģһ
ضЦţ˵Ƿ̻Գ
ĸ֪ö࣬˺һ죬̫꣬죬̫ԣ죬ãĸӣȴ᲻ٿӷˡ
ض˵꣬˶٣ڱ˵ȥƽûߣ
ڱûһ˻˵ûأڹվš
ضԨҲվͷЦҹͻأҪԹԵҡ
ͣ½ŲһؿԶȥֱʧ
СĿȣһһҪĹעӵ
һûС
ضӰʧŲȥ
ƶĲֹǿϵèҪĽ̺ڱ
š
̸շһھͱ˺
عͷؿ
۾ضһʱȻͬû¶ȣûƯҲ
κ˶ܴһΣյĿ￴棬ʹһҲû˵
תض뿪ķ׷ȥ
һΣ˸׷
ͩŴҵ˵ضͷƽ
΢Ц˵ɫͨ죬ּֽеؽʲô
̫Զֻ϶һ仰
Ҳᡭҡ
ƽ˵꣬ؿضԨҲԶԶ
Ƭ̺Ц
һ̣Ԩˣ͸ղȥӻֳͬһˡ
ƽӡ
ɱɱ


26 
, ضԤϵǰ㣬ɴĸŮ͵ͩ
ضʱڻķ, ΢Ц̺˵
ˣҲԵöЩСѽˡ
ɻͷ, ΢Цȫ
ضһ۲յ, Խ̷ԸĸζĲ, Ɑȥ, ǰЩʱյõĴ
ͷˡ, Ц·˴, ˳㡣£ҳȥߣɳصӭü, ҷԸСЩСԣһͻ, һƷǸã
ȷǼáضЦ, Ѵ, Ǻˡ
ˣʱôˣ
ƽġضǵסֱۣ˵·, Ů˵
׽ʮ, Ц, ˵
ض, ñȸϣȥڿ⣬ȡެ̽׵Ĵ裬óͰﱣС
Ҫ뿪ڿ⣬һžײһ˫ں͸ϵ
Żӣ̸Ҫ˵һվˡ˫۾һƣ𱰵Ļ˵ˣؾص˵ʲô·Ըū澣
ʨèűζβͣؿ

ȥɳͻˣūȡ˶Ҫȥ
ԨУ֣
һ㶣ǣ
ҡȥ
ŵݳУԨõתߣ̿ߵĲǳͩ·æŻӣߴ·ˣ
ͷҲص뿪ˡ
ЩԼܲҵȥɳص·ּǹһĹĲҶȥ׷
ﻹôˣŻҸˣܴҵȥɳص·
ú󣬲ԥ첽ȥ

ɳرߣضɵֱʯС·ϣɵŮʮ׵ľ룬ԶԶš
ض˵ֱֹĸ˵ʵǷƽģ
ʲôôģضЦһˡ
֪һˡ˵ס
ԭ֪ˣƴ󣬾ԭܱ֮飬ɱ㲻ɰɡЦһĸأѵĸôżѶ͵ң
ĸȻ㼸꣬Ůӣ𵢸飬ĸôޣ¶ϼ񷽼ˣ
ǣ֪ĸҺáضЦ˵
ĸӣԷСҲûŮ֮飬ԭһ²ɣĸġҲáɫոտο֪뵽ʲôһ㲻ڹʲô֮˰ɣ
ûУûУҶ˵˶ٱұ֤֮죬һĸض𣿡
㸸һ߻˵Ưε
ŲƯأҺĸ˵ﻰضЦ
ʯС·ǰһɸɳأΪɵʯͤ
ض˳ʯɽѶϵĵŵͤŮֽһʰʯ棬ʯҲ˾ĸˮ
ɵĹŮհˮ¯Ӽϣ̷ؿ첽߽ͤӡ
һȻߵضߣûٰɣ
áضЦأ
һŻӻû𣿡
ŻҲˣضʡ
ҴӿⷿʱײŻӣˣ˵ҪԼֿ򹬵ͷܹ˰ɡ
֪ˣɡ
̵˷Ըȥ¯ˡ
Сһ۽ۣȥƤ˺磬ɸɾӰݸضº״⣬˵м𣿡
ˡ
ضЦ˵ǰŸͩأֻû˵䣬ˣǼŮèԸ
СʱЩèץһֱèҼǵҲϲЩôͻȻèˣ
ǻèժǹûԺһֱڹˣǰպȻͩԼ׷žŻġضЦŮĸ뿪ԾͽŻˡ
ԭˡɵͷ˵ŻӣǴò
Żӻ٣£ĸԸ⣬һ𳿻趨ʡʱ䳤ˣĸҲܺദǢ
ˣߵýˣ»лϲںЩģľ͹ˡЦЦΪ梣ܹ׵ܣĸοȻǺһĸ㸸ʵĺӣһһѪᣬô࣬ĸãǡ
ɻһתɫǣĸҲ˺˰
ĸ⻰Ӻ˵𣿡
˵ھŻӵ±عףҩһҲˣһϻ̫˼Ȼͻһˡĸǽãֻκ飬иػˣҲһġ
ĸˡضЦͬǵܵܣԶѵһֲ𣿡
ô
ŮãΪ˰
һ㶡
Զ¯յˮˣ๾ͣ
ŻʧĸڹȻһϵѪͳעһֻǸǲʱѩ̿絽ⷽѵҪӵӪԺһͰ𣿡
ǣûС
ûжյ˼ӺҲô롣ôˣĸ𣿡

Ǻõġض΢΢һЦֻΪԱ
̵ˮݲ
ܿ죬µ˿
ɱ˵¶һĨˡĸûãô࣬ҪΪﻮȫ
ĸ˵ʲôҵ˫ܵܣĸ⣬׵ˣΪ࿼һЩ֮Уĸʲôأ
̶裬һߡ
ô룬ĸҲûʲôĵˡãһԼ˰ɳͻһҲõˡʱ䣬߶ˣ˼УΪ˱ˣ׽ˡҿóѹǰ⺢ֳǿֱ˵һˣĹ֪㻹ںİ梡
ĸģġ
յƮƱ糶ɢͤջƮȥ
˸ߵʯɽ£ʮŰƤ˴Ӱյ䣬飬ת۾ʧïܵĲݴԺ
Ԩ˵Ĺӽݴԣޱ뿪ʯɽ
Ůƭӡ


27 
ɳ, ۻɫӭųһ·ʢ
̫֪ȥ˺δֻʣѵĺչ¶̳£һ, һɽȶѩ˿ʯŷϵ飬һģһȵġ
ɾÿһ, ÿһֻ, ôѰ, ϵô, ô, ҲҲǶ, ֻ
ŭȥֻʣãȻʧĿ顣
Ůƭӡ
ʲô
ͷԸӦԨ, ס˵ĲӣֻƬ̡
ڿԷ֮, ɲǳ, ɲǵʱ, Է֣Ȼŭ
ԨҪǸҶ, Ұ梲Źģ
̷붫Ű, ˺ü, һֵؿһԲͶֵԨ, 󣬻кüһ־Ĺˡ
Ԩ俴һۣҪ뿪Ӵһ
õʲô
ԨŲһͣʶѾҲȻΪʱŵصɴ۾ָ߬˵ǲǰ͸ҵ𣿡
תߡ
վס㡪ӻͷŭ𣺡ǻ
ӴǼһ˹ӶǰŻӡ
Ԩת¿ӡ
Ӷ۾־ɣǰȥҵΪʲô

Ԩޱ飬еľȴԽ߬Խ
͵ҵң˵

ɬؿڡ
ǰ͸ҵġӴҵ֣벻ǰҷһ֪𣿡
Ԩ˵
ԭԤıӺȻЦһ¶éٿ飺͵ҵң͵ҵİ梡Ԩ㻹Ǹʲô͵С͵Ұ梵ĵܵܡ𣿡
Ԩһ͸ϵӰ֣ҹǰա
ֵָճõ⣬ʹ˿ѿˡͬûʹұ
Ӷ֣һңҾ͸߰梣Ǹʲô͵С

ңҾ͸߰梣ðŻ
Ԩ˶߬žҵ֣ضصݳ
סһǣһ飬鲻ŭĿӵ
֣
һԨʱˣտյǿطҲˡ
ʧõңſ˺һᣬʧȥһŤŤİƺƺеһģһƷƣѲǰ͸Ǹˡ
ˡ
ǰŪˡ
̧ۣ޺޵ؿĿϵԨ
ɵС͵
ңȻ¶һŹֵЦݣ
ҵĶǻҲˡ
һޱߵɳطɳ
ŰƽҴƽ羵ˮ棬𾪻ɢֻһգۣ׵ɳسȥ
ӻδȫչ¶ЦݣһӰǰʯŻ
Ԩһţҳûĵطȥ
ͨһ꼤ںһȦȦɢʯδƽˮȴûӰ
ɫ԰ףߵķ붫ŵ÷
塢ӡô졭ҪС𣿡
ӳ˺һᣬȫָƽˮ˾
ģҧ˵
ߣ
һϤֵʯ´
ߣ˻ûҪȥ
͵ͣסŲ޴ؿŴǰʯŵض
梡ʲôʱģ
ⲻҪض˵ˣ㻹ˮˣ
͵ҵĶ
֪
ԼȥģƵġ
֪
ضдδı̼ӵŭַŭģ󺰵ΪʲôҪվǱߣҲĵܵ𣿣
ֻҡض˵ǲȡ
ֲͬѰƽһ˿⣬ô䡣
ȭͷضɰͰ͵Цݣ˵ǵܵܲԸȣҲʶˮԣҴĹҲʶˮԣ梼Ȼˣһͬȥȱ
á
ضЦˣȻʼͷΡ
梣
ǶʶˮԡûϵЦʶ
梣
ֻһƬ½ǣضʯŻԥˮ档
ˣ˵ǰ󺰣梣梣
²ӵ˼붫ɤӴ˰˰߹;Żˮˣ
ɳأʱҳһƬ
ŲӶˮ԰һȺɫȸ
ˮϣڿˮ£Ȼ
ĶֹͣˮָƽԨ֪Ӧþˮȥβˣ岻ؽ³ȥ
ԭûҲ
࣬࣬ˮڶϡ
ӽҩص
һʱ䣬ǰˮǰյңһ߻ʬ壬һںɫĳˮ
ҩˮ޿ײ룬ǧٿ׵ﴩܵһʱҵɣ˻𿾵˿ڣ˺ѡᴩٽ첹
˻һߣԼһ֫ͷĲҽУһߣڿźޣޣ
ǻȼգʹ
ҰҲԽԽģ
ͷˮô貣ԶҲץסΣǧ΢΢ҫ˿֡
᲻ᡣ
ʹֻ֪翣ץҲץסĻ
϶¶ЦգôģЦúΪһ壬ڰץá
֪ߺҵǸȴŵ幤СİɳС
ʧ뿪ߵűߣԼ޷͵ĳ嶯ŶգֱѪģֱۣƴһƮˮһںҶϣҡҡ׹ʱܳˮеҡ
ңȴҲˮС
ʱҲץһңգҪץסʲôȴʲôҲץ
·ʷݣһӰƿˮ棬ӿĲκ⣬Ůԡڲ˿У͹Ϊһ塣
һʱֲǹҫۣ˶Ŀ
һαסԥصˮȥ
һǰҲˣԥؾ̴
Ůųļͣػˮ棬һ󻶺æְ˽ϰ嵽ߵϲɫ԰ףضðˮһɣϰĹ̺ڱ󣬹һϰ̾ͱ
Ԩ忿ʯϣһο˵ŮľԽԽ
һжǴһǼǵõģֻһˡ

˺̫ҽԺһæòɿ
һںͩҹĻٺ
ضˮȥͿʼ˯һ߲ؿȣһʶ˵̣ˮ
һֱֻ׾ذ
ض̧ͷһ˫ξ˫ɫͫǺڰеľʯű⡣
꽫ŴߣȻת뿪ߵһԵǰˮһᣬֹͣһˮصǰ
ˮ˵
ضӹˮССڵȥ뱭ٽյ˱յСһԡ
梿ʯɽµˣòװõģô̫ϧˡ˵

ûҪҵĻ𣿡ʡ
С
кܶ࣬ܶܶࡣ
ǲǲһкãΪ˸õشĿģǾ䡰һߡǲҲеһ
кܶ⣬ǲ֪Ϊζʲڣ֪Լʣǲ
ڵģֻһ䣺ΪʲôҪң
ŮԾ΢ЦʹˮĲ㣬Ҳȥȣô
š
˭š
ûб𣿡˵
Ԩͷҿ۾˫ں͸۾ǵħһͻʧԼԼһƭԼһһʧȥ뿪
ûС
ǣһ⡣
Ż֦СĶЬߵǰҿһŵĴ롣
ضصͩһֱϣ֮ǰȥʲô֪ˡ
ǼʮŰƤˡ
Ԩסˡ
ΪʲôҪ
ǰ£һԲˣЦų˵ָ械ˣһ뵽᲻ð
Խɬô
ƤˣȻԡشȻ˿ͣҲûС
ܳԡʶ˵
ΪΣ
ǹ
Σ
ɫƽ¹ҫ޵
ܱ»˳ԲϷֻҰӲݳ伢ϴ󺵴ԣҰ˶Ҳ伢ӶʳĲҾͻ񲻹һմȾ˳ˣϴϴɾˣΪιͳԲã
ʵƿԡ
ǰΪιԲã
Ǿ͸˳ԡ
նԨһθҰˣ˭ҪҶ
ۼĽУԨ룬һ¡
ǹԲãԲá
ԵڵϵĶʹһſְˣʹѾϴøɸɾˡ
ܵίܲί
һ̣Ԩ¶˾ģҲǳԼԸҲֻһαĿƻ󣬵عʱѾ룬һŽһŵذ
մȾ˲Ŀڡ
˽Ӳĵܵܡ
ΪʲôҪ뿪
뿪
ʧģ˺ӡ
һֻķһһµظš
ض̻ʵӣ˵Ԩжһ˵Ƿǣܹ⿴˶˵ʲôҲҪ࿴Ϊʲô˵ѣжȴᡣ
ͺñȡûйҵڶ梣ЩˣÿһŶڸңں梣㻶ϲ梣벻梣벻һ
һޱ޼ʵ޴ӣԼ̫ޱ̫ǳ޷ֱα޵ʧңӴֻܱʹָ
һˣܴӳ
˼룬ԽԽûд𰸡
һ˱˺³Ǳӳ
ʱŮӱ
Ҫٵεˮˡ
Ԩһġ
𾪻ͷǡӭŵЦ
¹ɫѩ΢Цȴԣȼա
ûһףӲˡ
ҲӲˡ





28 
ضˮ֮, Ӽ֮ͩ⡣
ÿһ, ŵĹ˶Ъˡ岻ʡڴǰ, 梾㲡ҲһӼ
ھŻӳǰ
Ʋ֣Ƿ˲١
죬ߵĹŮͨ붫, ȥһ˴ص
ȥԺºȲ裬һߺļ䡣ʼĲ, һûһӦš
ɲٺ̵棬żɽ
, òס
ӲȻŭҲô룿
, 㼵ʶԾŻӺ, û, ŻֻһѪ, Ψֱ֮ΪҪ鷳
̫ã˭ŭ˵һֱҲ롪ôˣù𣿡
̾˿㰢ˡȫΪ㣬Ż¾Żɽ󡣡
ΪңΪ͸ŻԶԶģ
ȻӰѾŻ£Ǳߣ
ӱʵһ㶡
·Ż, ĵ, 㰢械߽, Ϊ˸һ֣أмҲˣָƢͰ㰢梴ǰŬȫƻˡ˵Ҫǻ㣬ղգ
¶ûڣȴԲ䣬˵ֲ֪
㰢梶ôõű˸𣿡˵ûһ𳤴󣬵СĴβ㰢Ϊıߣ
Ӳ˵ˣϻԽԽࡣ
ɼþգ˵̣Ҳѹˣһѵǵý󲻿㰢һģ̥ʱͳϦദκ˶ףΪЩСֵá
ǰҵˡɫί
㰢С׹ȥǣ˵û㰢ô㣬вԭĵ
Ӿ˵۾ۿɼ
˳˵͸֪ƽϲʲô
㰢梲ȱԵõģǸЩġЦͶСĽݣѾԸˣһߵʱϣȥͩһˡܼʲôҹأ˵ͺˡ
üЦл￪Ҽˣ
ȵСװ˽ݵʳУȲĸɣֱͩȥ
ͩӴĲǽҲڱһС̡
ʲôӾȵ梳ˣ֪ȥδˣ
ū澲֪лҪ𣿡
ˡɫʧݳʳУ߽㰮ԵĽݣ˵ɡ
С̹ʳУūһѻ

ͩ˸գھͩǧ֮ĸɽ£һҲź񾩹ż
㿴ҽΣ
ٷ硣
㿴û᣿
ɽ
㿴ҡ
磡޿̣ϸҲੲݵ⣬ûꣿЩ㶼˰˰ٱˣ
а˰ٱ顭ʮ顣Ҳֹ
̽ͷ⿴ȥ
ɽ·յǿƵϡ··ï֣ܵżȸУɽ
һɽˮ̫ţû￴ڶˡ
ʺĵط˿ʱľͲ˵ˣǰŴŵĵطҲ޴к
Դ۵ǣԱ߻һɵƵĸһֱôôûǲء
˿̵棬ʮʱǰӦΪıҸһ޴Լ
ǶôˣΪʲôû㲻ֱƭ˰ɣ
̲סˣ˦³ӣͷҲ
Ҳģظ˵ģģһϢ
һɣҲ˵ģ
ĵĴ˵ģÿζƭ
ģҲһţʶΧһۣ֣Ҹһܣ߱ˡ
ŰɿȥҲ죬ߵ˵ͨͩһŮ
ʲס죬ٴŭ磡ˣ
ûʲôʼ**ҾżһϢ͵߹ùĶҡʲô˵ģ
㵨̫ˣŭҪ游֪ˡ
㲻˵Ҳ˵˭֪أҲüвҪǱ״ҾʹһӹҲ޲ȥ
㡪
˸ҪȻԶԶ
Ҳɫˣ죡֮ǰݵ
ҲѸٽԼĽɫһؿŢеĳꤡ
һ
Ҳʱ̧ͷ֡ʻĺɫ˫֣һϲ˹ȥ
ݳĶޣۿŶڵ·мҲԱ߻һԲԲĴꡣ
ȪôдһƤŮ

Ҳһ֣Ⱳµ˵Ҳ游ڸѧʿأöҪȥɽ㣬ŢǽѣܷӴһ̣ؾ±صŵл
μĬһµ
ԭ湫ӡ
ɾҲľҪˣһŮ΢΢һЦҲⱲӾҲֵˡ
磡磡
ֱɸֵڶҲŻع
磡㻰أ֪ʱ˳վߡ
Ҳ˸ԡԲ𡭡û
λĻͬһãҲҪȥɽضЦ
ʤң֮ãҲͲʹԼ֪˵Щʲôǿȥͣ˺
˹ԭڲԵӵ
˹ˣһµĹŮҲ˴СЩӴɲзϡľŻӡ
Ͼ˫к۾̫ϡ
ǰԭԭٶʷΪԭ˴ˣ񾩳ǵĺ࣬³Ժ󣬺˵ĵλս£ŻѪҲ˰ۣ˺ͺ˻Ѫӻڴ˷ĺ˲֮࣬УǶһݡ
ŻӴź񾩹ȹɫͬĽʯɫԲۣû˯Ƶģؿڹϣһ˫ںϳûƿһΡ
ҲԼɽﱻϻϵ¹ԽãԽձӷ
ȡŬԹͶĲѺߣ˵Ҳȥģ
ضЦſһۣǰɡ֪湫ǴӺδֵ֪ģ
֣Ҳһ㶡
ǡض˵ɽϣûеڶĵطֻǣ繫ɽ·㣬Ҳûйɮ֮ҲֻΪ޼ҿɹĸˣʴá
ˣҲȵǡ
ضЦЦ
Ȼޥԡ屡졢ȡ
һӺݺݴû˵Ĵĸĳ
ǺǣǺǡҪ֣˾죬ûж⡣ҲЦ
޷֮ˣлֱ˵ɡ
񾩹ʶ𣬲ʢʵǰòμ񾩳ʮһȵȣƱѡΪ֮ףܹ٣±Се⣬һ񾩹֪ʲôˣ죡
ƨͣڱ޳ߵƨСҳ٣ʶ࣬񾩳ʲôʱиӵˣ
Ȫޱ飺С
Уڱˡ
Ժûˡ
Ϊʲô
ΪҲμѡΧ˵󣬶Բٲѡ
ݡڱƲƲ죺ֲá
˭Ըһһͬѡأ׵ӻˣ
ֻݺҲ֮һ˭ʡ
ǡȪ˵˵ҲѡˣҲ˳ѡ

һӣֻһˡȪ˵ӾҲҲӣҡ˺Ҳӵѡˡ
ڱҲ˶ҪߵĹʺ
϶͹Ҳ˸硣

֪䣬һͣˡ
Ҳ³ҪȻ¹û뵽ûüתһǿͰײ˺üߡ
ҲòվȺúüŭĿתͷͳ׿ȥ
վԭλãӳСķŮͬɫװټͬüۣ˺гһ߳
ҲŭԣֻƨɣοԼոյĴ÷е
ҪΪ񾩹úõӣɽҰ
ŽǰڵĴţ۱ϵҡ
֡ΪҪأ
Ϊ񡣡
񾩹ߵߣ΢΢һЦ
ҲûһȻı飺ԭˣ
ЦЦڵȥ
ҲæǰͷΪƿֿһ顣
֨ѽһſˡ
񱳶ˣȸ̨ͷ­һߣ̯еһʯ̯ϥǣһ­ͷָ֮䣬ʯ­ͷۿ˳ָһֱȫ
ѣսkѪ⣬k¶һСƬգȴҲãk΢Ц
⡭ʲô񣿡Ҳ𾪵ʡ
ضʯ
㣬ҲңÿһˡΪ̫֣ԲŽ񡣡
ѵ񣬱˼䡣
ˡ
ȻײŵҲԭ񾩹;ŻӶ治ɫҲװ·ʮȻسЦһ˲ץ档
ˡ
Ҳ俴Ĳ
ȻҲŴǡ
ЦЦĴǣ͸̨ϵһޡ


29 
ˡ
Ķ, ڵ˷Ϯ
½Ӻ޴, νص˫Ҫܡ֫ϵʹ, صĽһιοѪ⡣
ҪҪ
Ųͣˡ
ͬûб޴ûĥ, һŴɳ
Ļ̫ӣôˣѵʮĴ˷ĥѪ𣿡
һ۾ϣʲôҲ
½Ӻͺ󱳵ű䳱ʪǽ, ѪˮճƤÿһ, ϶ĵʹ
˵ϴˣ½ӺͰҲʲô̫, ֻһϾϿľӣǷģ
ɳƵƺЦ, Է˹һ, ˵, ڴ˷˺Ļ̫ӣⷸľ˷Ŷˣȷǻ̫ӡ
Ҵˡ
˫ϴ˷ǰû˻Ǵʮǰйӡ
˵ܶˣҴˣ
Ѳִ̣ٳʱ׵Ļʺ󣬻ʺŮһ٣ȴֲɽʧ, , ˷֯͢˷, ӷկȳŮӡԼ㡣йӣԭ֮һȴסȦʳʳֻܼ֦͵͵ϰ֣ζܰɣ
½Ӻ͵ʹŤһţʪ󣺡Ҫ˵ʲôǲſţ
ǸΪƽؼţ½Ӻɳеһ˿
ϲãΪѶϲá
пһ١
ʱѾº֪ĸ޷ص͢游ĸҲ㣬ĸϸ̵ңֻΪȥµԺ顣һһնڿԣʱҲòϵʣӡ
ʸ㣬ĺӣ˲ţҲţΪЩ˱죬Ҫó޻˵Ĺ⹦Ǵ˷ɽ
²յ˫صĥѹ½Ӻͣƾһǻ֧֣˼ҹ룬ôҲ벻ͨԼ¶ڡ
·֪һеˣΪ˴𰸡
Щ飬ֻ͵µһ֪ǴйܣǾֻǡ
½Ӻ͵ĲֹͣˣһĿ־ȡڱĿ־壬ϢƺԤе飬־ŽҪĻȴ̲סӿＷ
㵽˭
ССһ䣬¹ҳݡСȻµнͰ۲ӣĴڣʵ˵һв±֤̫֮λܽһɽ֮ӵСӣҲԸѪҡײƭ
ұǴӣҡײƭ֮˵½ӺŭˮʪĲ³ᡣ
ĸף˭һأ
㵽˭ˣӣӣǰ˻ӣ֪ˣΪк³𣿣
֪Σ֪ʱѾʬһߣѵΪһѪͳļ֣˸ܻ֪֮󣬱Ϊ˰ģѵдּΪ̫ӡ¶˵ЩȨ֮ƣֻһ˰ˡ
Ҳšƭҡ½ӺʶҡͷǱס
˷ǿϣҴ֮ʹû㣬ҵҲΪһ֣侪žޣֻˣҼϧģҲΥ˵ֻίܿһٸɸɾˡ
Ųȥ½Ӻʹ󺰵ߣ㻹ûѻ˵ңңվס
½Ӻ͵ĺ˿ҰԺڵأסȳĵ棬һνһ¡
ȻһŲ
ͬʱģл緭ľ̳̿ζ½ӺѾԤϵҪʲôһζԼ̷˳ǵĿ־塣
ҪҵҪҪҵ
֤Լ֮ӵΨһ֤ݣҪˡҪˣ
½Ӻ͵æˣл졣ȴ޶ԣŲԽԽѬζԽԽŨһտ½ӺƴһֻȰĴקͷǿ泯ϡ
ҪҵҪҪ

֬ɫĶ츬ľʺʺģݶ츬֭Ҳһɵķۡ
Ҳɴ۾ۿƤµķ⣬ˮѲ֪ۺ
֨ѽһˣ¹񾩹һͬ籧Թ޵ĵطƫƧƣ첻Ӧеصز飬ȴѰںòȣֻĬĬȥֻ͡ءصĻ⡣
ã˸츬ʵҴδҲתͷȥϲ˵Ůڣ֪λŮʦܷ͸¶һһȥתҼҳӣѧһ㣡
ŮλʮͷŮԣŲ£òͨЩضҲһЦ˵Ȼ񾩹ĿˣȻ޷ֻǴ˲ҲҾ֣Եȣȥȥͻء
ŮڳݵضһĬĬ˳
ض£̧ۿһۡ
ôˣЦʡ
Ѭζü
𣿡̧һ£ΪԺȾϵİɣѬȥ˳ʳģǣ㲻㡣
ضϹһ£ЦȫˣҪѧųˡĺӲŴ
֣ʮֲذüͷšһ֣Ҳǡӡ
Цݸʢ
ûһᣬһӵĽʵŮŮڵĴ˽ݴֱɣԼʮ£һ˫ۿžͳ׺ݣҲݣһ˵һܰ˳Ƥ
λǲţ֬츬Ŀұ졣ŮЦ
ЦŮڲͬղ̵ϸϺЦ⣬˵
֬츬졣ɱ󣬷Ѫȥ࣬β⣬̳ÿշպ󣬼нˮտÿս±ˮտһΣ½ݣߴκˮϴɹѮ£֬Ƥƣʽ죬ơ¹ǰˮһʱˮϴӴн𶥿СʱʱĶ츬ɫʺ죬ʽۣͿ֬Ůʳ֮ݼ㡣
һƽֱ޲˵֬츬ǰضһ˵ϸŻ𣬲ȥˡ
ޱ뿪Ҳզࣺ⡭
ŮЦŽΧ湫֣űǴҹ㣬мʶֻ޷ˣ׾ɢŻˡƽգҲ¶棬ֻϲгգǶκһˡ
ֲ֣⣡и˵ѴӽĴҴ٣񾩹ϸģֻЩŮ£ǱӵǮҲ½ͳһƱҲŮ
Ů¶ɫض
Ц湫ʢȴ°ɡ
ǣ£Ҳǻ
ŮƱЦ湫Ӵ塣
Ů˳᷿ҲЦӣ˵ļӣк
Բˣ
ضЦӦУһ飬תַŽ
Ե㣬Щ󡣡
š


30 
ͩ, һ֧޺ľ޻
ضӸɽͷ֧翪ľ, Ѫ糺Ϧ, Լ½񴺵ĵһ֧ľ, ̺ķŲƻƿ
ߴЦ, Ȼ鲻
̿Ҳʵշʲô𣿡
ú, Ǻ¡Ц
ҵǮҲ̫׬ˡֻǼһ棬һǧӣһǧ൱һƷԱٺ»湫Ǯɵ
ضŪƿеľ, ĵ
ձ, һǰ񾩳ָ㽭ɽ, ʱϺϵڻ֪Ŀʳءϵĵ, ø
һС̴ҴԽ̶Ｘ䡣
߻ضߣʣ湫һظ߻, ˵ʲôʲô, , ʲô
ȥڱҪʣľ²˽ӡض˹˵˵, ǹְģȫֹ˫Ƿųۡ
۾ĻתǣߵС̡
ضľ޻ص޵ʱüͷɴֱ׾һֻ裹Ϻдʲô
΢Ц߽ɫֽ֣ض
дԨһǳɵضͬԨ֣дΣֽϵԨԽԽ࣬ɫҲԽԽͷ
ضߵ󣬵ձʵƣձʵ֣һһд֣ضֺ󡪡
أףԨддЦһˡ
֣Ȼһµơ
Ķôˣ
ضδĶ䣬Ѿһ㵯ͷҲصس޵
ס
ʱһʳ˽˵ʳô
Щʲôضʡ
˵˵ǹԵĽݡǲǼǴˣһݾͻôϲԽݣ
ضһЦ
ûǴ˼Ǵˡ
ɫ¶ضûн͵˼̽ȥǷˣ
ڱʳɡ
֪ˡ̶˶٣ʣǲ׼ԭˣ
ض𴽽ǣҪԭ·ѩө
өʲô
ȥĥĥ߽⻹һĨ糺죬ɫһᡣ
өһֽ֫׻﷢ʣԾ÷өָеө
˵ˣ̼˵˵һֿҹ﷢ĳӣֻĳʪطУ
˵ͷƺˡ
ʣ㲻ϲݡϲʲô
ضЦ֡
Ԩߵǰֽ̧⿪ʹԺķ
һͷ£ںŨܣǸ˯ƵģЩ΢ȻĻȡΪᣬʰɢҵĳ£һβ߸Ժ
üëŨܣü£һ˫ӣ߰ʱɲĺڶʱˮ
ʲôˣȡҫʲô⡣
껹δӹڣֻ÷ض׼಻ͬķÿγͷϵģʼָϵϵīɫ
ĥëߣ⣬á
ɵˣܱȲ˺á
ԽɣԽױϰ߷һϰ׷棬ʹժȦҲ֪ܡ
ض΢Ц梡ϲ㡣ֻҪһֱڰߣõ

ϼбѾûһ롣
ļԺվһֶһˮ룬ͷ󺹵
һ޺ϣһɫޣͷ˵
ûУҵʲôʱܳȥ򣿡
һոձصͷ󺹣ֲ̿
ӣԺ˵˵ֻҪټʮ£Ϳˡ
ʮ£⵽ʲôӹҽұڹ𣿣
ӲȻɫҪϴˣˣһ߷ǰ̡
Ϣŭ
Χ޺źʮ˺һƬļУһŵóˮŵɫҰףͷģ

Ӳͷػ֣ûõĶȥҲֻиҶķݣȥ
ڲҽбˣʣµļˮ̶ˮ룬˿
ķԼ˹ķǰȺث֣ͷðǡ깬ǽϻֻ֪èһ죬ŭ
ȥֻèҴҪ԰Ƥ̻ԣ
һȺжΪһֻβ͵İè˼ɹֻèܣǽȥ׽ùȥ˺һᣬȻ˳ȥ
Ӷŭޣ޺ŭ
׷ҾͲˣһֻèҹȥ
ȥ׷ԼҲ̧˵ţһһĵڹŮ˳ȥ
Ĺ϶ǊˣֻΪѰһֻβ͵ʨè
ԽһԽ󣬺޺޵֪˭èһԲ˶ߣ
ĹŮ˵رֵصͷ
תӭӲڶһ㶣šЦӴ磬ôֻһˣ
ؿӼɫʱˡ
˰ɣ˾ͶˣӾãֻҪˣȫ˷˾Ͷˡ
ˡر˲ˣӾ͸ˡ
˴ʹǣ˵磬Ǻðôûһ·ûǴĻþûһ˰ɣ
梽岻ʣͷܹˡתƻ⣬㳲Ċˣʣʲô𣿡
һֻèβ͵İè㿴𣿡ӱһʣ¶˼顣
׷ʡ
ڡ
ʲôʱģ
ֿ͵Ċˣ˵׽èҪʲô
ôҺèȥЦĺðһҲʼˣ
ûƣ˵ǰգͩп˵è
ͩһתߡ
ȵȣе
ʲô͵תͷ
ֻèͩèҪŵܲưոݵġ
¶һЦѵһһ𣿡
ܵȻ£иõķΪʲôҪȥһԼķأ
ʲôõķ
ӿ۲ĹŮ
ӵĸҵĹŮֱ˵
è߽оŻèֻҪ֪ذèɱèʬ޻Żӣ˾ͻ֪ŻӲ̱壬Զ߽֮ȻҲ̻˵ȱŰ޵֮ˣһڹʧ˱ӻĻӣôҲǶľ֧ʱô練ƣ
ôˣ̫߳ˣȻΪܵܳıߵһ죿
һˣòö¡һ£ˣԱ㡣
һ֣Ӳ
ǡӿıӰЦһתȥֻèô
װ浱ɵӣ
ʹ
㵱ã


31 
߾, ӭ֡
ش֮԰аٻʢţҲʼ涷ޣƵ̶ع
һԸ͸¶ĸ߹˵, ºȵ£ٺһĳչı񼦡
, ȥ˵ڰ
ûк
ڻԴء
ض밲ɣֻߴȫתԸʵĹĺͬ飬ȻŸһľŻӴظ
ɫϼֺǽߵĻʳǣض鲻, ÿ, 鶼
죬ʺϸ²ˡ
عȪͻ²ҵĸˣ±ع׵ëϱӹ˲, ûܸ
, ǹͣôأ
轲, ⣬
, ϣ
ضһߺ轲裬һҸط, Ȼߵʱһ
ɫ̫ÿ
ض֪ʲô, ʣʲôˣ
Сˡ
ҹˣ
ҹˡûСü, ˵ʱ䡭óԷˡ
ضǴˣèҲȥ˭ˣǰ̫࣬˵Ҳ
ο䣬ڱŹˣһȥè
ڱ£ֻ˸Ͷˡ
èҰèСǵǶȥˡūʹžŻȥҡ
ڱžŻӣֵĸۼֿĹˣһ·èȥ
˷меèèԭèԱ߻иԴӻ汻ҧ󣬱ͲˣҲûĽʱһãͳ˹è԰һ죬ӴûĹ죡
ǵŻӻͨ£ڱûþŻӿַȴ˼Сȥҡ
ϣַʮֻè׵ĺڵĻĻƵĶУûоŻӵС
ۼԨɫԽԽ䣬ڱæοŻӱģСһ̰ʱ䣬ȥܲ˵СȥҰ˹Ķˡ
û˵꣬һɫŵСŮĵشӹͷ
ôģʲôܣñӼ㻹벻ˣڱüѵ⡣
ˡ
СŮſˮһ̫ɤӸƵӡ
ڱüͷʲôˣú˵
ū澴¾ֻ·ϣӴ԰
㿴ʲôˣ
ū澿ߵĹµèŮܵľţú˵仰˵кüˣū澲ҳֻܸϿϻأӣ
ڱһ⣬ʶȥԨɫ䡣
èˣԨ˵
ûУûУŮæҡͷڱһϣŮ˵ǡҲˡ
Ԩתߡ
ŻӣŻӣǧ嶯ڱƲԣæһȥϳ̵˦ȳŻ׷ȥŻӣȵū澣־Ͷɣ
Ӵ԰·СŮָһλãڱҪԸˣһӰѾԽֱӿڡ
Żӡڱ
ԨͷҲ̧
߼ڲڿӵϣֻԼĹĤ
վһԣ㿴ҿ㣬˭Ҳ˵
ڱڵϣһڿ¶ѵӡ
ȻԨͣˣһ£ɢһֻ˫۵ʨè
ʨèԭỬëƤѪᣬ׵մѪһںڵβʹһ
Ԩһؿţޱ顣
Żӣū澣˵˵ɡŻӡ
ڱһδߴ˵һĬطСʣ
һԵڱСʨèԨȶѾʼ
ϣ־Ͷɣ
ʵܲˣӴ԰ڵ𹬣ҲҪһʱأ
ԸΥԨСתߡ
ŻӣŻӡŸʲôȥžŻӣ
ڱæ⵱ڣ˭ָȥ
ڱһţҪ˦ȥ׷УͻȻʨèԲس鴤һ¡

ŵ˺ܿͰϢͩ
ضڻһţһֽ϶һī
ԥ¹𹬡
·ϵʱ䣬ضڷʵ˭è
첽ڷһԵĽ̻ش𣺡ǹСŮƽںԺӣ˵ʵʵġ
ֻһˣ
ŵĹ˵ˡ
èмˣ
˵кü弸ūûʡ
ԭô˵ģ
˵ߵĹµèкüˡ
èҲҪôˣǡͩ˿ضһЦ
ʣ˼ǣݺӣ
ڵ֮ҵŻӣصĴ¡ض˵
ǰºض첽򹬵ſڡ
ŵ̼¶ЦҪȥżɽʵŻ𣿡
Żӣŵһ㶣Żûﰡ
梣õϢӴ˳ܳ梣𣿡
ǰʲôʱܳһ㡣ض˵
һ㶣ͣȸԾĽŲ梡ôˣ
ôģ㶼𣿡
梣ô
ͩ˿ߵĹ˾Żӵè
ʲôӴ󾪣ûУ梣Ҫңôᡪ
ǣŲģҲţ޻˵ķӲġôӵˣ˵أ
ſڣɫѿ梡
ҷĳıΪ˭ҵ飬ֱ˵ҽֻɨǰѩʳԡ
梣ô˵ҴˣĴˡӼס䡣
ǰһȰ㡣ض֣Żӵ£ʣµлӣԼú롪˭һγж
ӻشضתߡ
梣梣Ӵӹ׷
ض治ɫ

ϵŵĹȴ֪ӵ˺ˣȥ򳡴ˡ
ңһǰŻ
ߵϼȥˣɫԽԽڡ
ضվڿտĴϣֻһͷ
ˡ

λ˷ߵ򳡣µ̵ͬ£˼ϰʵΪף
Զ׼δܼ
ӱô죬ò׽˽ٶ˵Ľֿʼʹ
ΪϺһȰͽ¿Լʹһ
ӽӢ䣬Ӣ˲ҿ¸ûǵµһ֮У
ǵƨ죬ӵ°ԽԽߣ˦
̫򴫵ǰҲס
ūǻǱסū˵ǹʱĴ󽫣սһ¶ܵƾ˵о¾ͺǴ󽫾һūǿŵӶᶯˣĻأ
򲻻ƨǴù죡һҪӸ߾ŵɫ׺ȥ㣡
һɣŴЦ
ūƨʵǵµӢΰһ̼͵ĲԼʾҲƨرǽյ»ͩèʱӦƽʱҪ࣡Ϊ˵ԺѵЧū澰ɻèĲ࣬èɶˡ
еʹûõ̷ϰһ
ŭ˵Լˣһϰʲô⣬
һ˳ֵ̨ͤӺȻֹۿŴʯӰ߳ꡣ
Ԩʲô
̧ޱпӱһϡ
ӸһţŲЦݣŻ𽥰Χ
ŵܰŵܣ·㲻ߣ㴳ϴθˣڻأÿһ죬ÿһ춼ԼҪҸỹ㣬û뵽ôˡ
ʯŻϡ
һ£һ¡
ûĽ࣬ʯţŵܰŻлᣬʲôԣϽ˵˰ɡ
һؿкںӿ
̨ףؿڣô˲˵˵˵ˡ
һЦ£ǱΪˣ˵ŻǸͣԼҲ߳ܰɣ
ӴͷЦ
ϼѾȫûˣɱĺ紵ʯ¼˵°ڶڷк졣
꿪ڣȴķӵͳ䣺
˭ɱ
ŻӣǸͰɣһ̸ѧѧū澣һ仰˵˭ɱҵè߸֣˵ȫǡǸͣ
Ц·ʲôҲûһ飺˭ɱ
⻰ʵˡЦݣĵŴĶ⣺˶ӣҪ˵˭ɱһش𲻳أ
ӵЦ˵
⵱ȻǵµĹͣūǵèĹӶţܴè
˵һΪڸװҧءôҵģ
Ŀתؿ䣬ڿһֻ档
죬ֱشϣ㻰أ

ư𣿣
ŭһ͵ͷϡ
ƫŵͷһͳƮɢڷС
̶ֳ͡ȣ
˵ʲô
ӶҪԼˣȻ̧Уôԡ
ȻŭһӵϣǲǾˣ
һϡ
ͷߵһ׺ݣһȭֱӶ׼
Ԩֱۣͷϵľִİ̵ۿ
һĲҽиƻ谵ա
ͷΪС̴ӻͳһСҧ귽ȥ
񱳺۾Ƶģץסյ֣һ壬û̸С
Ԩץŵѣһ߷С̣̣̻δüȭʺȸеһ
Ѫ䣬껹δüۡ
գʱ䣬̵
ʯ棬Ѫʹʯש϶Ϲ۵̹ڵϿ޺ҵڿײ˺Ѱա
ӺһŭŸʲôһϰҪһëǵļ˶Ҫһᣡ
ʣµ̲д󣬻һԨ
Ժǰ˲ͬ۽Ƕܣһйӡ
Ԩʲôûѧ
Գڰյҡ
ÿһ죬Զ桢֮ͽֻɱ˶ԷԼܻȥ˭ǲջЦŸͷ
Ҫȥͱɱǡ
ɱǡ
ɱǡ
ޡֻñ˭ǿ󣬲ܱ뱣ˡ
򡭡Ǿͻһ
ġ
㹻ǿǸͲ
ֻҪţֻҪһڣͲ䣬Ҫñ˶ǿ󣡡
ɱǣ
ɱǣ
ȥ˵ıܡ
ԣɱһıܡ
̺Ԩϣһݳ̣һŲ󣬳ûС
ݳ̸Ҫڳ̧źһ˵֮䣬ӽһ˽ڵأ
µ̷һĽһԿ޺Ϲ̡
Ҫǰȥֵ͵ͣ˽ŲǾؿŷϵ̧ͷƫһߣ³һƤѪ⡣
عͷ̡
һѪȫǱ˵ѪѪ̫࣬ںڵĽëϣģߣòĨһѡ
ʣµʧȥǵ£ǰһֽŲŲ
ӡӾū澰
Ԩڵϵߵǰһٴһ
еػ·֪ƣ롣
ѪͲҽһɢأҽͣˣֻʣº֮ڵϲɢ
һѪ߽Ĵǡ
תܣһ˫žˤڵء
ֵػعͷʼ
ͼվ˫ȴǲԼһһԽԽԨ˫ֳڵϿ־غˡ

У˿̵ԨڴӵصĶ
µĲѪϵĺµǣɱô˺ȻЦ
ôҲ벻ͨȻЦ
ѪһһһȱϾȻЦ⡣
ã
˷ܣ
ɱ
ӱߵЦ˵ȼһȣһѵˮۡ
㡭㵽ʲô
Ԩûлش⣬ָ߸߾ۿžҪ¡
ס֣
һϤԶ
Ԩµû˿ԥһ£¡ˣӿͷѪӣȭͷҪһȭ¡
ˣ
˴ǿŮһ֮䣬ŭĿӡ
Ϊʲô
Ϊ˺˵ϵˣ
ԨűףѪӣɱԽҡ
ӴӵֽŲõز䵽ض󣬼СԼ塣
Ϊʲôң
ԨһؿŮһ⣬ûиڶ
ض𾪻δӣʣܣû°ɣ
£ӽסضץס˾ݣŭӣԨ԰׵ĿҲŹģĸ游֪£͵ɣ
ȷҪ֪𣿡ض˵
ҵȻҪŭɱôˣҡ㿴㿴ϵѪˣҪ游
֪Сƽô𣿡
һֻεĴס˲ӣȻ
ض΢Цܣ׸֪»Σ
ֵؿ
ǻ᳷㹬̣ǹգÿ㳭дʥ֮飬ֻߣݲݸ㶨»£ɻ飿
ض΢Цţķۡ
˵һã֪硭òǿЩĸһֱȰȢȢͣǹĸ֮ý֮ԣ쾭֮£οץס˰ѱʱҪȢ˭㻹ֱ巴𣿡Ů˵꣬Ц˵أ
㡭ô֪Сƽ¡Ӳ˵ֻǺѣûûС
ضʳָǰһĶ
ʶ˺Ļ
ꡣŮ΢Цţ紺棬ϸҵĶ䡣
ϵˣǱСĵܴܵģǴˤҪЩأ
ӻ̵̻ؿ
˵ض΢Цظأ
һ£ǡǴˤġ
Щˡضɨ۵ϵ̣˵Щܿڵˣ֪ô˵߽ͲǰŪˡ
ضת߹Ԩһδͣ
߰ա


32 
ع֮, ضԸˮ, ȥѺƫϹپΪԨˡ
, ʣӵĹè˭
һŮū澡
ҽڱȥһ, Ǹָϳ, ͩڱԭίͨ, Ӧġڴˣ㿴Űɡ
ڱüɫ
ضһɫ޹صĹˡ
޵š
ض̧, ż, ˵ʱ, Ϊβͣ

ڲض˵梽ĵһ£ҪԴΪء
ɱС
ض˵, ɱҪճ
ſ, ޻˵
ղ˳ض˵ɱһˣɱµ, ֻҪµڣͲܻԼ, ȥֵ̩ô
Ǿ͵û·𡭡
궨ؿ
ҹԤ׵ش, ޵еĲɴ˻, ҹ, 紺ҹʪ
ָֻͣྲֻʣƵ
ҡҲᡭԴΪ𣿡
Ҫ壬Щܺ塣
ᡣض治ɫκһˣҲԴΪءˡҲϣԴΪء
Ҳ
ضԲ
񡭡׵һ
Ļһвؿڣڸ֪ʹ˲䣬Ц
ú˵
У梾ֻǲܲ𣿡
û˵
ض˵ȥ
ûжضѾŭȥ
̺ڱδӷŭһԣǽȷӦǰһ˵Żӡڲ㣬ȥɡ
Ԩδţںڵ˫ʼտ
ȥŭȡ
ת˳ȥ
ضһΣ̼æס촫ҽҽ
̵·źԶ
ԼҵѪڵУ쵴һװʱ
ûаҵܵܣֻȨƣ
ĸƫңҲλλңһֱһ㣬ԴԣҵǻƵۣ
ƾʲô
Һ㣡Ⱳ޵飬İ梣
סؿڣ³һѪ
һУͩʱҡ
һ񾩳ƣʮڳɱӣܵĸ𳤽Ѫսһ̣󱻿ͷ­ޱգĸִ͸һͬ˷Уɳرߡ
ӣϾؽ͢
ѧ
ʴնҵԶȱҰĲɽһ޳ǣԪ޵в
ƾʲô
ǰƾʲôУֻһЮŪȨþС˰ˡ
С˶磬ֻһŮˡ
һǬת컻յŮˡ
Ϲپҩ䣬Ҵ߽޵ضҰ׵ɫһҩ䶼¾ͿʼΪ
úɫصֻԵΪҪģĶŭ˲ܡ
ꣿضǣ˵Ѱ꣬ҪҲա
Ϲپһ㶣ͷȥ
ȥɡ˶٣˵Żϻˣȥա

Ϲپȥûһᣬڱˡ
ˡ
ͣһᣬضɫ˵ŻӾڵ⣬˭ȰҲߣҲϹҽ
ȥɡض˵
˹ˣһ˴޵С
ƺǵˣò٣ȴȻʱڿȡ
ȵʱ򣬲Ըκ˷֡
ԽԽ󣬼ǵ꣬İɴϵ̣ݲţŭţǰ
ĺ磬ߵҪľȴԺʱסˡ
վڷУڳؿûԹޣûģֻǿһؿһͻԥ
ʪĺڷ·īɫķڷ޴ƾһ̾ҪЮʧޱߵҹС
ض˰ΣҪһʱ򣬹˴
ҹһ仰û˵
ӷʱعðضʱͩҹ
û΢Ц̫̫ͩ䡣
ԸѻҲҪԼ
̽޵ΣԵѩضһ
Ԩʧʱضûһ˿⡣
ѩȫһδ
ʱȻһ䣺ǲˣ
ֻشһ䣺ڲģ⣬ʲôҲûС
ڱȥѰꡣ
˵ģһȴ˵Ыĳ˫ܵҲ⡣Լ㲻ˣǿġ
һѰĹ˴صһα棬ͩΧˣժǹˡ
һʱʱߵĸѾ죬ȫĹ˶ûҵꡣ
̫ĳ¶ȫȫʧ˷У˿㼣û¡
ˡ˵
ڱͽɫӣҪοЩʲôٴ˵˶ɣҹˡҲЩϢˣȥɡ
ڱͽºյǰڼǰǰ֣һһд˵֡
ƽһֽĥīñʣдһ׵ġʡ֡
ߣҲ
һû£һض˭
ɱ
ҹ
֪Уſ˯ˣʱ޵Ѿ͸΢ĳ⡣
ţҪȥƫһǷҡ
ƿţĽŲֹסˡ
꿿ںɫ£ƫͷ˯ţȴŵһ˲䣬ۣӰ۹⡣
ĿɲɫһĨ޴롣
˫Сʲôʮָ޷ֻֽܿ˫ȺͱǱشӵ
ȥʱԲѴƿں͹ͷ˵մϸһĹӡ
ȥˣʡ
ߵǰС̯˺۵ơ
һֻ׹ɫģ⶯
ҵˡ
˵
ҵˡ
һظһ˿
ضؿ֪δ֮ʲô
Ҫԭ·ѩө
ҵˣө

޵ڣضһɾĽӣˮϸɾµϵ
֪׽ĴөϷĸۣó涣ҧĺףвס
Ŀתؿںڵһǰ̹η
ֻСǣʹȫҲȫѱ
˫ְǰЩ޴ãȻ
Ժʱ㲻Զˡ̧ͷֱߣ˵
ҡ
ĿŲɫϣ׷۵ĵڳУոմĥ貱ʯҫ
ʹûдөҲԭ㡣ЦŸգ˵Ϊİ梡
֪Ϊʲô𣿡ջ֣˵ΪһֻèԼ֪ҲΪԼȥ̩ô
ǡͨè˵С
һ˿ί
ΪС
ض㶡
ûбáСԺ󡭡ɱ˵ɱʱ򡭡Ҫɱ
һ䣬׹ѡ
ضס¶ɱ۾˵Ԩ˰өҲҪһ
ʲô
С˵
ĬΣ˵ҡɵϡ
ڶȻͬè
ضЦ֣ӵϱһֻѩǹʨè
Сˣͷкãضצӣȥϵĺ
ضèŽ껳ЦˣСϵֹѪϹپѾϹҩˣֻҪϸһ£ܺǰһ
ŵؿʧõС׾Сĵظϵĳë
Ԩ԰˵һǧһӶҪҪçײ£ˡ
ͷèú˵ӡأ
ӣ˭
̧ͷ
ض̿°ͣ˵οڰУ˭Ҳϲϡ֮ȴֻҿΪ械ϣ㲻˵ðĵĻˡӦ梣ô
۾úİ˵
áԨҲ˵ðĵĻ

źضϴʱ޵ֻ꣬һᡣ
ضϴĽӻ̣˽ִڵڱ
ڱŽţ첽߽
ض˵ϴν£ˣ
ū澲鵽ꊀ͵͵ĹкüʮŮУкСƽƵʮһˡʮһڹѵĹˡ
˰Ҳض˵֮Уѵá˵Ĺ£취͸¶ǵ׽֮˰ɡ

ڱȥضһС鰢
΢΢Цˡ


33 
³, ݳݺɡ
кũһһûèǹ, һ鲼ũˡ
¥񾩳ľ¥ҹɽ˺, ֻھеһһƷƴᡣ
ʮؿʤ߱һ̳ΪƷĽ¶ҡҡλ߳¥š
ĵﲻ, ɫĿⶼϡ
ʮǿƵţȴ, ̾
ǰ̫̫̫ӵʦһѾˡ
״Ԫ, ջһ¡
ʤ߶ҹɫԼ۳ţƺ磬Ц, ʱʱͷȥЦúϲ£졣
ݣ֮, ް߰, ķ£ҲһƬɫ
һ·ҡһƫƧС, ÿϾľţڵϡ
ŵСͯæ, ž̳, ߶ţСġСġĻҵı
СͯҪ˵, ƿž̳ȥ
խƾɵľһյ͵ƣŻƶСĹԴ
ӳҳֻ룬һӵԼһֻ뷴üκ󣬷ŵ棬һǧĽ¶
¡롭ڳݲ˵
СͯվſڣɫӣֹΣοˡ
¹СԺһ¸߸ҡ
Ůɫȹ࣬⴩ͬɫ¹֮£ƮƮɣΡ
ţӰڵ˴¹⣬ʱ
㡣ͷҲ̧
ضֱ£ȱ˿ӵĴ뵹һͷһ
ס̳㵹ϵڶʱضڣܸҵһ𣿡
̻δţԼڶٴһ
ƷƷĹ͢¶ض˵
һ٣κߵǰóһֻ룬ҲضǰԼ
ضҲĥ䣬Ŭ̳Լһ¶
룬̵עƷһڡ
񣬻ζȻþơ
̳˳ǣ̵֦ҶҲ졣
֦ҶҲǵﳤģ֮ʱؤ
㵹ÿ
ǵĶ˵ûʲô벻ˡ
񾩹ȻѰŮòͬ
̵̳Լ˵롣
ֻǱ˶˼ˣ˶ждֵĻᣬ˷ǲѰˡ
쿪
Ҳĺá
˵ʲôǸ˭˵͡Ϸǲıġ
Ҳκ˵͵ģҲȰػǰ
ʲôģ
ض˵Ƹɽˡ
ϷһѧΣѵ㲻𣿡
һǧˣ鲻ãҲ˲ãʱؽͬȥӢ۲ɡ
ȥӢ۲ɡɡɫ࣬ڻ¸Բϡ
¾룬̧Ѫ˿۾ض¶ȻϷ̵ӣϷֹѧǴ㿪˽ѧ
ض΢Цʣкβɣ
˲ţɵȿ֮֮Ӣŷ롣˽ѧʵڲľٶ
ΪΣ
Ϊ̫޴ˡЦµܽΪ˿Ԫϣд֮ϱָɵй¿ǮᵳܽΪ񾩰겻Ҵ壬ر֮񲿵飬ȫµѧҪ˷ĳ͢Ҫ߹һ⡣УȨҲǮѧԸΪǵ
أʲô̧ͷڽṩɽɽǳ͢ϵһϯ֮أഴ˽ѧĽֻѧӺȻתͷͶ»ص¡
ضԹĴǣʵڲûԵǵһɧˡ
ضΪ⣬ͷһЦ
޷˲˽Ϊ˲˽ѧֻɰգ˲ţҵ˽ѧ˲ţ˲ȴԸΪãҲ֮֮
ʵ¡ֻǣϷԼҲûйãʵڲԸӵܡţƣʮ룺ذɡˣˡҪˡ
Ը
ضӵϸɴ
é®ȷʵԸɽҲǿֻǣһ⡣

Ĭǰ̫һڹ᳹ض˵ݣ˶ҲҪ𣿡
ȥݲľ룬תȥ
ȵȡݵ˵Ϊκ˶κˡ𣿡
ΣΣ
ôϷҲҪ̹˾ײӣʵ
УΪ
ԼͣԼÿ
ʣ
Ϊ֮
Ů

׷ʣ
Ϊ
һΣضĬƬ̡
һһ٣ܹ֮νܹ飬Ϊ
Ů峺ڻ谵У¹⣬ҡϡ
ضδֱͣ߳լ
ͨڵ·߰ȴضȪʣ̻ع𣿡
ٵȵȡ
úгһСۣͯ·ߵϲ
ҡҼ˵Ըɽ
ݳĶޱؿСͯЩڴʱһֻ԰׵֣ݸһơ
պʱ¥ֺżҡ
СͯƣɫǰʻԶ

պݻ飬ţ¥
¥ģ񾩹һ󱳻ɫԲۣʮµӡ
¹ӼةӹҾ
ݴʶң
Ĵ׹ж˵İҲѾãڵʱһ棬ֻûл
ͲˣΪաݻ˻֣ض׿ϺԲס
λ֪ĴһѧˡضڵҴԺһְθԺһְ֪λΣ
ҵһҾֵǱº͹У΢һȫԸ
ԺϷҪЩʲôʡ
ֽ׶Σֻ£һͨʰ񣬽ȫݸڿѧǰԺֻලѧ԰裬淶ѧ档
ʰ֮Ϊѧ»͢ķԡ˵Ĳ˵¾ͻһԡ
˵ǣҵˡֻдһƪϿڣͨ׶ļ£ϸ΢ĩ֮ɡضЦ
ǡɫԥжݸΥǰգĹעʰж٣
ԴҲݺӡ˵ԸⱳǶıȻֻΪԼ֮ˣˣȥܱ߿Ѱҿ֮š
޷ض΢Цʰ񱾾Ǹѧķ߿ģѷϱ
¶ɫضһʾ⣬ĹŮó滭С˵塣
ݶ겻£õҲһͷˮǽһ۾ʵǼ鷻飿
ǡض˵ıǼ鷻³顣λһҳ
ԣĩҳûУɫѾ䡣
⡭ס
ض轵һڣ΢Цб죬гˡԴһ£λصǣְֻ֮ԺѧԣҪͷλˡ
ĩҳġ
Ǵֱʡ

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񾩹ȡλϵĵ֧֣ʰ֮ȫ·
񾩳ʰľǰΧ۵İգͬİһӱع䣬ɵطԱʾ
˷صѧӶۼ鷻ӡ鼮Ϊ˲žټ𡱡ѧӽѧ𡱺͡ҵƼҵƶ۷׷ף
дĲ޿ĿƸԱһ֮ɣĻǼٵģֵñʮĶãЩ۵үǿѧ𣿡
ءվͿѼı˾ھǳ
㽭̨ݸһ촬ˣһºۿڣҵЩļ̻ˣһҶ
ϰΪذѱҶӽۿгҲѧģ
˵ֻҪͨѡǼ̻ͻᰲ̴ϾûҲ˻ļٵģȲʡ
鷻񾩹Ĳҵǰֺӡģм٣
̻Ϊ⣿
ͷľСආ֪أ
ȷº˼룬Լ£ͨվһӦƸ˳СûǮֶӵѧ
ֶӵǿϣȰͷȰɶֲҪ㿼ˣڱԶҪأ׼ˣ
ƵĶԻڸضʱз
ҹϺ츮˾׵ĸϡ
š
һͭɫƤӼ鷻³˺һҳСĵؿλãҹɫ뿪Ѫصĳ𸮡
գѲӹ˾׼ʬ壬εȥ
һʣһʣӣ
һһ
˭
ŮǸԶ
ЩεڶΡ
ˡҪ𣿡
ͷ𴲱ߵͭװξͿһԴŭҶˣ㲻һˣ٣Ҿ𣿣
С˲ҡС˲ҡ
غ츮ÿؿСû·һܲ˶ԶһҪ׽׽ŭ
һ£æӦǣ

ѧ֮ɵؽţҪȫֵضæú޲һжʮĸʱ
ͩͩллðСС֪һ괺شء
еˣƫӣҪԴС
梡ʲôʲôȥã
صУڵΧææ⣬ֺ֮Ա
˵գʲô鷳ضʡ
ư˵ģܵҾֻ鷳𣿡ЦҾ밢ڸǰ˵û׼ǰ
ֻг׵ĻӲܳˣضʡ
Ҫײܳǡױװɡ֮蹷ƵҧҧȥһƵ£ʵ鷿ȥˡ
Ϊȥ鷿Ҫ׵أϾʮߵˣôЦԺףҪȢصĲźá
ҡֱۣ͸˵˵Ͻѡˣҿװɡ
ףҲܽ˵ȢѽѲɣǿ˭ҵĹʡ
ûпеĹֻ⼸Խң¼ڹ»Ϊڶӣ
ݵú˵ɱɫ
ضɫƽĽнӹһ轣ðĲյ
װ⻰Ҳ޵ķʸ
ݵĶӹоŸбȨ游ڱ߽ӺѷӺз磬ȼ
ǳɣҲ׹׹ȼ
׹֮ǰһѺ֣ʵˣôƥͻȻ񱩡
梣˵öô
˵߶еϡ
ضϲ豭Ц㲻ȥôΪڶأ
ӸҪطض˵Ҳ޳㾡쿪ס
Ҳô룿ˣΪΣͷĻҲδ
Ļӳȣ˾ӳ嶯ҪһȰ˵ã񿪸ҲδɡЦؿһۣ˵Ȣ޾һҹأ
˼˵ҲеӣȢ޲żһҪҸϲĲźá֪ϲŮӣ
˰梣ŮҲô֡ʲôģƲƲ죺䣬Ʒȥˡ
ȻˣǵѡҴ壬һŮӿƥ䣬ĸҲԸϼ׵ġ
УӼæ˵
ôУǲ⣬ɻ󣺡˵ʵǲѾеĹˣ
ҡ͵͵ض
ضҿǣݺõ轲軺Ʒһڡ
ţò裬轡
Ϊһ롣
ҡȢŮ˵
λϵǧǺʱʶģɼæʵ
ضɫЩˡ
ӿżɽĸȢŮλŮȻȨԽĽŮԽá
ضһۣǲ
Ӻ˵ͷ
ض˵ңڳ͢ϿԸ֧֣طȴ޳Ѽܵõ佫֧֣ͿɲϱȨϵĶ̰塣
ɱɫֻŲؿӣҪǱȨʲô
Ҳȥˣ뺦ҡȢ֮Ůҷ־ŻһΪԱǰ۸ӣ㲻ð械ͺá
ǡ˵ֻתͷضҲð˵û
ĸǿԼûġضһӣ˵Ȼѡ˵գ˭
Ҿãͦá˵
ضЦˡ
ôһ˲ӾڳԼٶһ梵Цݻôᣬʲô֮أ
һǿˣŲɡ
ΪԪϣǧȻҲǲͷ
ǰ梡ڴؿ
Ϣɡض΢΢һЦ
ӵϾͿŹ⡣
ضϻͩķκ󣬽ڽҪӺͷǣߣ
۰ĵܵܣ梵ģôܲΪĻ²ģضЦҵٴ˽Щʱ˵ͷȥˣϸµõƥ֯ƷɴҲȥ˵񾩹͸ŮģָգԸȥɡ²ˣ͵ʱ򾡿ɴġ
ɡڽһ᣺֪ˡ
ɵ̣֪Ϊҵġضӽ֣һѣЦŮֹһҿû˵ҪŮǣߡ
ū֪ˣϲЦտ

ܲ
ػָӹ½͵Ĵ󵨿죬һŲȵأһŲŵӣŭ죡ö죡ʶ죡б¾ͱɣҽһƤ츬Ҹ׼Ĳ㲻ԣ͵ҵ⣬͵ҵҿҪˣҲƤҾͲأ
С˹ū澡
ңûæأ
С˵ͩϢ
ţػͣǰ˵գʲôϢ
߹Ҫڽɳӱ߾л磬˸һЩʱ˵ͷϣƥ֯ƷɴҲȥˡ
ǳ֯Ʒɴģ£ֻôƥһƥǶһƥѳ֯Ʒɴ͸֮Ů˭أ
ػɺȻŭˤ˲յŵöҲˣװ·˼
ϢŭС£һǳɡ
ػɳ˻Ӳ˵ΪʲôҪȥ
С˵ʢǹΪ࿴
һ֮Ůֵ˸߿ػЦһС
Сһվūڡ
ȥҵƥƷɴҳ·͸Сˣ

ССºػվȦһϡ
Ҫ䲻͵͵ϱ˴Ӻһ
ػŶӣ·ཫŮ졣
ǲμӻ硭ǺǡҾҪ˭ۣػҧгݵ
ʶӶһֵٶ졣


34 
񾩹ٰ컨ĵ, Ҳ׷õĽź
, ʹϸɣ˲, ˮ㵱룡
˵˶ٴˣУУ涼, Ͷ弸ţ˵ԴϺ;Żµ, ŻӲʮ㶼ʮһ, ô˼ȥ
˼˼ƤúܣҲ
Ƥŭİ, Ҳȥģ
á㡭
ҲôͲȹ, ҵȻȥ
̫ˡ
ҲŲڵỨ, תſڵС˺ү
˴үдү
ҲֱӸۣҵϴҪڽɳͨе
СֻҪ󣡹֮
ϴ󡰰ӴһĲһ, ÿɵϵҲ
ˣ, ֻʣһδˡ
δδͻʣƥ, ǲǿү
Ҳһ, ĸְԲļҶ, ŭĿԲǰһ
ϴˣǵûˡղȥĶû˵񾩹Ҫٰ컨ϵһǰȥˣˡ
Ҳһ㶣Ŵ
һȺĹ////󡣡үҾԲǼƵóѣ

յĽɳӱߣ̲Ⱥš
еĻڣһȺŹŮӢɢڴ£ֱѰĻ͵Ĳݡ
ضĶϡٴߣһߣһ·
ǹݣӾߵëմ֮ͺȥ˵Ǻܷ˵ҰݣҲһֳòҩȽⶾɢѪĹЧҰ⣬ܵ˳ҧֺѵõЧƣôȥѰҹݡʵĹȫݶЩˮɰ룬·ʣµĲͿ˿ڣÿ編ΣȻ󡭡
꿴Ȼ󣿡
ض°ͣЦȻɡ
üͷһ壬ƫͷ֣ҲС
㲻Сǰ梵Сǡ
üͷ𣬴ＷյҪ˶ãҾʹˡ
˵ɡ
ԶС£ضһֱִ˲ƣ
СǶðˣ˭֪ǲǵڶֻǣ
ǳСʱܶͶɡ
ߵ峺ĺӱߣضˣɴ˽Ь࣬ڱĶʯϡ
Ԩ
֣ԨѾס
Ĳ£ضںӱһʯС¡
㲻ԣýˮ롣
궨ˮҲ治ɫһ
ϲˮ룬˵ȥһһЩһЩĲҶӣҽơ
꿴һۣתӱ߲ݴȥڸţʼضԿķΧ֮ڣһᣬƺĿ꣬һתض
ߵʯǰ֡
ضӹĲҶӣȻʵ
ʣмţ룿
꿴һۣ˵ţ롣
ԣ㽱
ض°ӣؿ궸Ȼ
ȣ룬ҪҶӲҶⲻһβٰ͡Ӳ۹Ҷӵ£ӲҸһȦ
ضͶչʾһֱû֮صļܣָӹҶӱԵ͵һۡ
һ٣ͣ±֯۲ָûгѪѾָ⺬С
ضһ㶡
̹Ȼؿ˿ԼΪкβס
⡭ֻСǰ
ضгָЦС˶ѣллԨİ梡
ùոձһԴơ
˵
ضЩִֽܲʤϸµĶû뵽Ȼıһģơ
ˣӵȱȱ
ضȻִСǸˡ
ƣɵشСϲֶ
ʱһƬɫȻǰضһץס꣬ȥ̣ɹסѩ׵һö䡣
ƣʲôЦ
峺ˮʹС㣬һСŮűȻɣʤա
ſһԲ
ضЦ滨⸽һԨ֪滨Ļʲô𣿡
̧ͷ
˷֮󣬸ֺ壬ҲͬضЦŽűϵǶ滨滨Ļǲ벻
ţ̤Ķʯϣ滨˳ˮƮߡ
Ҳýˡ߰ա
˰Ь󣬼վڲԶˮߡ
Ԩʲô
Ԩѳ滨ģתŮȥ
ûʲô

Ϧ£õɫϼ͸޻ƶ䣬⣬ֻ裬С
ŮóҴʳУںӱϯݣĺʳ
ϯϰɫ⣬λмģȻ񾩹ӹдİٻ⣬ŷͷ̰ٻͳʳ
ϡٵĽɳӣڽոʢССĻδӵ
񾩹ӻǴӴ̽ͷ̽ԣתͷͬ˵˵ЦЦǵĿͣڰϣ̸۵ĻҲ벻ǡ
ϵĹΪϵߴЩнֻ񾩹ɫʼմݵ
ҵү𾢣ΪĻúù۲죬˵δӣڴʱһССδͼΧȦĵһߡ
úõĹ۾̨ܺϣ
һվڴͷָŲصδƴʲô֪ү˭𣿡
һŵɫ۵̽ͷ
ޣ
Ӽˣɫˡ
Ҳҡϼװ壬һٲ֪˭֪˭ҶҪ湫ӣǸʲô⣿
ɫѿԼȷʵǲֻһ˦䣬˻ա
ߣҲغһҺͱã
ǺôͷһЦʵкһ
Ҳתͷһڵĺ߳꣬Ϊ׵Ӱµĵݡ
ɣôһ㡣ҲͶ䡣
·꣬ӦǾϻ
ҼɵƣӦǡ
ݲ湫δ湫ӶģվȻ㣬֮ⲻھưɣ֪湫ӵƸպҪȥμң
귢ζĺЦһ˵湫ĿѰﰡҿֻи湫ݡ
۹⣬
Ҳӳȣ׼ȷϵЦ֮˵ӣҽһ£ҲЦ
ҲǺĺȴͻȻˣǲװɣݳ
蹫˵ҲףҲ˵
ʲôʱ蹫ˣڵϵűе۾ŭ
й蹫ʲôҲҾ֣ϵ˽֦Ҷ񾩹ѩˮ£úܹФģ񾩹Ҫ죬Ҿ࣡񾩹ҪϵķˣҾǵϵʺɣ㾹ȥйⲻǶҵĴ󲻾ʲôʥϣǼһųնٵ𣿣
ȫžǹ/Ҳ޻˵
ҲԼ֮ѹˣֲǰ죬Ƶɡ
۾귢ڿԼɪһ¡
ʲʲô
˱ٵӻ
Ҳ۾һɣҲ˲ʹ۾ˣϵӾ͸Ͻ˹ȥ
ݴ˶ӣҲöӣҪ취˺ȻźϷۡ
ҲŤͷһԶĺķһҺʻٷվڴͷ
˰ӷϴһ𣬲ٹߺӣӵǳûάһյʱ䣬ŮߺȻתƣŸԶ˽
ԭһɹľ޴˷˶˴һӵռӵĴϵδⱻˮվڼװϵ˷׷ҡΡ
ӱ˷ͷǿŭ뿪̽Է˭޴߳ϤӰ
ǰͷǸһԸЦ˹֣ܣɰ
ںͷǸһûһҡһڵֻʶ죬Ҳûۿ
ˡ
ϴƷɴķ֮ŮҲˣڿ˹Ů֮


35 
񾩹ڽɳϾеĻ, Գϯ˵, ͬһݡ
ϲӡ
ҲϲǼ˱ˣǵ̫಻֪ԼＸĹӡ
ػϲǴ˷֮Ů, ǵŭ⡣
ϲǴ˷֮Ůߣǵô˵뽻ǫеһˣŮ޸С
֮Ůϲ͵͵µңǵôʵݡ
֮ŮϲûвƷɴᣬǵƺƷɴĵá
һ磬ֻضһϲˡ
Ԩ, ض£ϲǡ
ϾҪĮϿϲ, ʵΪѡ
, Ȳѯ׽ضһֹ, °¶ĲɹҲϲӵС
˵ǷŮ, Ů֮λ϶, ֮λֲϣǺá
ĸĪ䱻, Լδ, ϻȢ뽵Ů, ϵҲ岻֣ðԼɡ
һ޳ɰȢ˼ޡǲ֪ǷΣ
ض΢΢һЦÿʣˬʽ̸ͰΪͶԵ
οǾͺãҺˣֻҪӺãϲҲ޷
ɵĬضĴڻټ÷ıĸţӾͬųߵķݣÿ͵͵ͷ˽ᣬֱҪԼʲôסη
һºض壬ŷȥ˸ɽ
һ񣬷ͺԻΪͬеһʧҰУɫǣǰҲ
ͲסҪȥѰԼֵãԱŵĹˡ
Ҫ꣬ҪˡҪ£Ҷ޿κΡ
ŵһԿȥ˫ۣƺδڡ
ԥΣǹš
Ȼӿеãֺοȥ֣
ڰֻȽȽ̣һǽ֮ϹپڴԺΪССʹŮȪͽ̰˰ϵֶͣá
һŮҪһףȪˣæǰ
ɽ״ȪһƮƮë
״ᵽſڷ£鲼֯Ĳײ桪
ˣ
½Ӻ͵ĺײ棬ðǣĥ˻㣬һͰˮõϡ
زҽ˵ĺ﷢˵ǲҽУ˵Ұް
ڵҰ֪ѪҺ岼ӣҽţ/ţǽȹϺףν˺۵塣
ɱҰɡɱҰɡ־š
ĴڴʹʹȻѾֲƤǧٿ׵ʹ
һĿȫ߱½Ӻ͵Ժ˿ֻʣһͷ
ɱҰɡ
һصĽŲ𣬽Ų˶ֱؽӵʯ̨ϡ
½ӺԭΪһ򣬲/ȴͻȻһ
ס֣㡭Ҫʲô
߳ĺͶδ֪Ŀ־ŵȥԼĿӣصȴ˫ֶá
ʹУ½ӺԺֳ︡һ仰
ֻίܿһٸɸɾˡ
·ΪĲ²⣬ڰУĳ˵ļ
˵½ӺʹǰĿ־ڳһĥתΪ˾ôһ̣µĿ־ÿëףᵽʲôãܡ
㡭㵽Ҫʲô
ͽ޹ͼˣںڰл졣
ң𡪡
󵽵ʹ࣬һܵĥǰмҲһ
½Ӻ͵Ĳҽֻ˸ͷȻ
ѪҺֱԣ˵Ƿŭǿ־øȻƿǰˣҲᣬײײȥ
ȵѪ˳ŴȸʣȥȥȷһǷڡ
һͷͣҲҺԷֻͬ˫Ŵֲڵǽڣһ˼ǰܡ
ֻܳȥлĻᡭ
ڵ½Ӻ͵ס
ϣĪ֧һֱͣƵģһĿȻԤ׵ش͸ϵĲˤڰ͹ƽϣһ˲Ȫӿ

ͬһڶߣӲһŵؿǰ쳱δ˵Ůӡ
㡭˵ʲô
ľֱߣ̺ϵĲݴԱѹһƬδֱ
ӵӣȥؿϵĺۼ
С˵ҵǷ飬´ٺ֣˼ҿɲˡ
ٺһ׺䶥
顭ֻһзǵĵŮ
ǵŮΪδƷɴ
ƭķŭͷҴ˵𾪽֯һ𣬰ӳͷԻ
ܾЩʲô
ûз˹˵ɣʲôʱҸף
ҡ
˵Щʲôסһͷ鶼ʶ˹ȥ
Զɽϣһڣ۵Ǳ£鿴Ӻһ£һת
һֱƽϲŲˣӻǲ˵ʱڵķŬ֣ɳƵȾҡҡ
һ˵꣬Ҳ֧Ųס£Ҳʧȥʶ
ȹ£˵᲻ᡭ
ڲ鿴ƣ˵ᣬȴָ˵ǣ˵׼˭Ҳ֪˶á
ɫ䣬˵Ǹô죿
ҪȰоΣŲؾʲôҲϲƽռֻ費ھͺˣҲʲôһ̽˵
У龪ֵһһأҸҪ֪ˣɱҵģ
һ˵ô
ɡɫ£ϣɱһ˰ˣ
Ļ⡣
Ӵ֣˶֪ͷ˽᣿ʱŮǲȢҲȢ
ôУȢģǷǣ
⡭ӹΪѣ˵ĸŷ𣬲ɱǷɱ䣬׽ޱߵ
ҧҧ
ȵľ仰Ӽһ󣬵ݳЯװ彣
ıսֻǻӣԸһԲѵȴ´ࡣ
űõӶЩҧأϻԵӿߣ߾𱦽Ҫ£
˭񣿣
һŭƽؾףŵ÷ıˣҲһƨϡ
һűⵣϸкȻŷ뱦һ׷ʹ
뱦Ŷִټϰ˼£һ߼Уһŭ㡭ôĵӣ֪Ҹ˭𣿣
Ҳ˭ϸһߴһ߶ǹĵط˭ڹĵɱˣ
˫ȰĴְѱⵣӵû磬˵æŶķˣǵһʱȥӿҲ²Сİôһ¡
ɣɾң޺
ûа취Ҫ˵Щʲô;棬һűŭһڣס֣
Ƶϸнֹͣ˹ⵣȰĴ£תؾ߳¹ض˴
ߵ񾩹
ضϲŭߴӵϵĻһֱƵϡ
һ仰û˵Ѿʼ顣
񾩹
鲻֪ӦʲôȻڵϾͿʼʹޡ
ض޶ԣ۽ⶼûгƳȥһۡ
ӣ˵

ֵĺԺѻȸ
Ϲپ᷿һصؼƣԺªʯǰδߣ
ض̾˿˵ôһΪ㵱汻ȴϴˡ
梣ҪǺã
һδŪˣ˱ǡǱڴ˴֪ƽ⣬ʵǸӦò⡭
ֹ
ôˣضʡ
ûûʲôδ֮
Ƿƽ⣬÷ȴ裬˵ԸĨܣǰ֪ѾҲĲԼ۰ԼҲһȢ˷飡
£ð梺֪
գʲôû˵뿪˺Ժ黹ڸƫȥ壬ߵôæû⵽ŮߴһĪ΢Ц
Ľǰһ˵¸һɡ
ˡض˵Ŀע᷿æµϹپ
Ϲپע⵽ضߣߵǰһҪľ᷿ڱһס
Ϲپɫɻ󲻽⣬ڱֻǳҡҡͷδ˵
һ߲²ݣһ߻شߡ
Եʱת֪ǰǴץסϹپѯ/ơ
⡭
Ϲپʶ⣬񾩹ȻԶζɫȴãڷͼжԻָ֮С
򡭡ҵˣа취𣿡Ӳʡ
˵ÿһ˵֣֮ʹĹĺУǵڲϣҲ
ӵֻ˵ǲ£ǺúҽΣȫܺǰһ
ɡǹԸ
ΪιƫƫɽΪģɽЩŮ
Ϲپеסӻڿధ󣺡򡭡취ܾңպл
ϹپһڵϴƤˣϵĲΪⳤһֻüʱܻЩۣ˴ûɢԡ
ް̣Ӽæ
ǰڱ˵ҪһǲֹѪ֮ǣֻǡ
̳¶΢Цǡ
ֻʲô׷ʡ
/Ҫ˼һ룬ֽӲȥǸʧѪ꼰ȥֻ
Ŀȫǵӣ򡭡ûбİ취𣿡
شģһ̾Ϣ
½Ӻɿ˴֣ˮ޷ѪʪĲգۿһֱĶϡ
úҡ

½Ӻ˸ΣһޱȵĴ̫ӣһڰңÿ̿
ڵ͹֮УȵĿ־͵ؾѡ
ٺɫбӳУϵȶȲͣůϦ
ҵϦУһѩŮڴǰִ飬ֳڶԣɫרעֽ֣Ȼߡ
һ΢磬Ů˳Ľëӳһ˫ǳ͸½ӺͲԾسУ˼ͬ
ʶոһʹһĵʹ
½Ӻ˻ǰ£һ˲䣬ԸصجΣҲʤجεʵѡ
㡭
ϿµһǴԼĺ﷢ʱ½Ӻʹ־ʶѺĻȥ
Ůȴ̧ͷ
ˣ
ƺһ㲻øոյ£ɫ糣ط飬
½ӺͲƲͷԼűպȫٵ
㡭񾩹ʡ
ŮˮĻش𣺡ҡ
ң
һĨЦ⣺Ϲҽֻǰѡ
½ӺҪ񣺡񡭡
ˣ˵ɡضºʣ㻹ǵԼô˵𣿡
½Ӻ͵Ȼܽһ̹ףȥԼֻ˵ȥϾϿȴ;˴ΰܵ¡
˰㣬ȴһûɱ㣿ضʡ
½Ӻ˵Ҳǲƶֲľôɱ˲ɡ
ʱִ٣벻õĽڣ񾩹δɣ˵ǸɽһǰȥѲ飬˻ʲô
ҪضЦŷס˵˻֣̿ڴ˷ϷΪ˷ȻӦΪ
½ӺǸм񾩹Уȴƻȥ߸Ĺҡ
ȥ֮ʹǷĳͷ
˺֮Ĵ𣿡ضʡ
½Ӻ¶ı飬񡭡
һˣԶûʸμӣ磿ס
Ѿ˼ӳȴ֮Լ޴ȥ
磬һ㱸·ϵ̲
лġлᣬطԱ
ضЦЦ֮ͣӲعϡ
ο䣬˺뿪᷿
̺ڱǰȺ򣬼߳ĽŲ
Ϸźضߵ΢Цʧһִȥһ߽ӹ̵ʪֽ
ĵز½Ӻ͵ʮָɫ䵭ƽ
أ
ɽ¸մϢѾ뿵ţλСҲѵˡڱ˵
ض˫ֽ֣̣ˣֱӵ
֪ˡӹֽ
ڱ᷿һۣԥôˣǻô
𣿡ضʡ
ꣿūûڱһ¶Ӻףĺѧ֪ô𣿡
׽һֻֻ꣬һΣѱһֻꡭȴҪΡ
Ѫϼ˺Ƭл³ŨҵϼŮͷǿڻеһǾޱ޶ҫĿ
һЦڷŮߴЦ
˵һֻƻթĺꡭŬΣô֪Ϊ


36 
԰оɫʤ, ʱ, ضϲȥӭҰɳɢһݳݺɵ, ͩѩԷͳĵط
ϯ齣㣬һ轲裬ͷյϻͩͬþ
Ůϯ, ɫһɳ޴ɫ̻ȹѩ׼͸ɳ, 罿ʢǰĵһѩס
ǰüͷ, ڰǰһһдʲô
ضҰֻֽܿߵıƣ˵, 㹻
ֳڷԣһֻ̧׺ϻ֦ͩ, ɨ°ͣ
, дˡ
ˣ̧ͷǰ߽
·գǰס֦ɦɦ°, ﴽһЦһƲ
һõض㿪֦ͩ, űͿͿĸļΡ
һ顣ض˵
֪, ֪ơ
ʲô˼

Ĭţüһɻġһ
仰ԡǡԭΪ֮η֪֪֮ơ˼ǣܵҪ׽ηϲʹϲҲҪ֪Ķ̴ҲҪƴ
ضѭѭյ
굽Ϊ֮ʲô

üĶšһġ
Ϊߣɰ֮֮
ض¶΢Ц׺֦ͩšüͷ
ϻռҰҡҷˣǶ
ΪߣҪ˵ĵΪߣ˽˸鶨뱻ȡָտɴ
ů㣬Ů飬ע꣬͸ϵҲֻӳ΢Цס
úͻֻһ״̬ʱ˿̣ΪĲŽкˣȻЦûԶ£ˣҲûԶˡ
԰֪Ϊ˷ֹһ֪ƣԱڻáضΪһʱϲúһʱޣһ˻һ֯Ϊߣ޴Ϊ
һγƪۣŨΪ̶һ䣺
εȼӦڸ˸顣
̣ȴأضھͽ̸
վԣǵľԸ
Ϊǰ̰ȨƵ׸飬׽ӰĿߵ
Ķϻǰһſ̧
˸ñ᣿
׸
Ƕϻ׿˵ٺõƶҲȱݣһֻܽ⣬һҲֻһ˵¡һȴһ㣬ΪԳ˥Ϊ֣óýȴ֧ԡˣֻڲ̸䣬ӶڳΪ٣ͷЧȡ
ΪΣ
֯Ĳɶҡϲ𺦡
ţƶǶ
ضʣ˸ɱ


ٴһϻΣӽȼյĻ¯
ΪΪΪͷ켣ҲΪΣΪиȨΪ߶ԣֻһ˸ɱǾǶȡ֮ˡ
̰ȨƵ׸Ͳ׽ӰĿУõúã˵һǧõòã˰١ʼǰѵõòãҪԹҪ֣ҲղסԼ͵ʲôϵЦˣ⣺ֻǵˡ
ʲô
һ޵Ӱͩ߳˹ͷͦأ̵̺͹Ů
ضĿ޶ĿӹЦһ˵ˡýҲͻģ޺£ѹ߽ͩƲ۾ˡ
һĨϼػӣɿضߣ°̧ߣӱǻﲻôƵغһʶ£游ҵļһë֯ɣѵһƷ
ȷѵõƷΪðøˣһķѲٹŵһ¡ض͵Ŀ⿴ϵ£ʵس޵һο˼Ʒ׸ͳ״÷߳ɺ
Ǵں̵ʲô²ѰѼһ棡ػĹĵ
ô˵մ˰õĹ⣬ҲѰˣضЦ
ػϯ£飬һѾŬȻˣֻǽӲ֫嶯
ʵϲĻߣӬ͸㡭ҲǲС
ģѾܿˡ
һֱûгԨȻ̧ͷĿƵؿضûпֻ˸䶢Ž촽ȴƲסüɫػɡ
ʲôػע⵽ƵĿ⣬ػصɹȥҴС
ʮˡ
ʮˡܵܣػɶݺ˵
ԨɫȻˡ
һǴŮ˵һǴСضһۣЦŲִ˵Ԩȥôû
Ԩػһۣ߻һզء
˵μһܴʹ򡱵·תߡ
߳¹ͷһ
ʮ׸ߵͩ׺ۺϵĻ䣬ɵ۵ϣ಻ϣεȻɺɫĻӹ֦ͷ
ʤѩŮϯֶðһ裬ڷĻ󣬶¶΢Ц
֮󣬻Ƕλ֮£Ȼλá
κԨת߳ѩԷ
ǻȥùʱԼϵ£Ԩһ·ͩȥԭΪѩԷϽ̣룬һֱߵѩԷ֮ͩĴżһ·ߵĽ̡
Żӣôˣ̾ȵؿ󣺡أ
ѩԷԨԼ˹ˡ
ֲá̻Ȼ򣺡߰ɣ˹Ҳѡ
ںȻĺЦ˽̵Ļδ˵Ļ
ĵڣӳżӺʦӰӶһվһԣɫܲÿ
ֻ⻷簡ûóʳСģ˰
ӻδ䣬طһЦ
ģŵ߻ӼԼİݡӡ˻ӳ˳ϣĻ΢Цʦ̸·һԷȻ
ЦĺǰĹɣǿˣǻĹԣ
Ԩһ֪⣬ڵ˵ʲô
ǹæ˵ϰõĹСʮһʮѧ߲ĹڳЦء
ڣӾйҧһ
һƬҵ󵽸żʮ׵Ԩﶼ׹
ӹȻУʦ鼤ôʮ֮Ϊӵһˣ
ƨ̲סֹôʱѾʮĹˣʱҲڳ˺һء
Ԩһۡ
߻żȻתͷִԨ¶Цݡ
ӴǲǾŵ𣿽̫Ǵ߳ˣ㲻ͩǱޣôˣ
߻һô˶ע⵽Ԩ
ݰѹ֧ڵϣɵЦϡѽԴȥ鷿һҾҲûмûľŻˣվŻε𣿡
ԨޱɨһۣѩԷȥ
ŵܣ߰
ӳԨͣ½ŲȻͷֱոһĿ͵վȵӡ
ҫԨעЩȻͣԨӣȴǿװ򶨣
ô˶û˼ŵܼȻˣ¶һ֡
ͬӵûУԨϻʱ䣬תߡ
ԨվסܻǾһҪʮĹҾͿͷ磡
Ԩͣ½ŲԽ̵Ȱ裬ڵ˵
Ȼһԣ׷Цǡ
ϳ񶾵ĿԨߡ
ҪʮĹҪҿͷȶⲢҳǸ֡
һֱĳԨӣһ嶯Ӧ
ȻʲôʲôԨԥȥ
߽˲䰲߻Ӳһ
ԨĿбӡ
㡭ʲôͦţһƵͣȴԥȥ
Ԩ֣ۺ󣬷ֻǴԼùʮ˶ڲؿԼ
һ죬ŭҵרùҪùԼ
ȥֻδڣͬסӵȣŭ˫ۣһֶﲻ
ȵĵͺԨͬʱ
ǰһֱϹ۵Ļ𾪣͡Ѿʤˣ
Ԩɿӡ
Դ֮УֱҵĽϣҵҽһ
˵ҽţһƨˤڵϣĿŤˣԨ㾹ҲֳһҪ߸ʣ㡭
ˡԨ˵ʲôʱͷҸ磿
ɫԽԽ죬ȫ۵ġ
⹭⣡ŭݣȥ
ݲԸɽתͷͰ˳ȥ
ҶԹó߻ȥɣϰ߻ӻػصڶ£׿⡣
ͻȻ˦߻ӴֲҲɻؾֻӲͷƤȥڵϵĳȥë
ˣӴŭһȺͰͰûõĶʲôֽŶ
Ԩ˵䲻𣿡
Ϊ仰ֱҪըˣƨһŭ˭䲻ˣ
ҲٶһΣ
ʲô
ʮĹаӣʹӦһҪ󡣡
Ԩһ䣬˽
߻ӹû˯˵λɣ
İ˻ĬĬˣӡ
Ӻɵض
ûС
Ҫ˵أ
ԨޱؿҲ˵ѡ
Ӷ۾˰ΣһöУûأ
˵
ҪûСһת˵Զһۣ
ӻδ䣬̴ӵ˽Żӡɣ
ļ澣ҡ
ָһ룬Ӵһҽ
Ԩ治ɫĲģ
ģģ֣
ӾͲȥҧˣԨ˦֣ĺ˼˦źϵ˵
ȵȣԨʮʱҪһ֮/УУˣԶһۣ
Ԩƺû׷Ҫ޶Ե˹ϱšʮƤ乭
һ壬óȥҹˡ
ԨһסҵӵɫŹԽԽ졣
ѻȸ²ؼ߸߹ĻҲס˺
һԨʮ֮߾˳ȥƫ˷򣬻ھľ׮ӻһ׾ĵطӲŹκһĻᣬͷ
ԨΪ侲ϵڶ
ڶȡһεľ飬ĹҸԲһЩǶҲЩ
һΣ׼ʱһ֣̲סߴ٣á
ûáδڣಡһʯľ׮ɹˡ
ӷһ˲ᵽɤ۵ģЦŵܰ㻹ǳİɣΪ˳һʱ֮죬ʧȥһֱֵۣѽ
ԨҲҡشһ֧
ʲôôô֣
ʯµٵֺǺ˵һȺٷĴվһͬԶԶֵĴ
ǾŻӰɣôҲûſҲûվĴĵЦѵ꣬ϵ˻ûȫ
û˵΢΢̵Ǳ̬ȣĵһ˵꣬µ˾ϵЦ
һԭûΧƼӵֻĵվ˵Ļûסȥ
ãһ̲ססһ
ȥ̽ϢĸߴȫҴ߻أɫ̫ÿ
ڽʲô𣿡ٵʡ
ߴȫһ£ֹӡ
澲ЩΡ
·Ƥ˵߹ʲôʹʲôҪ¡
ߴȫֻôͷĻظһ顣
ոǼЦŻĳʮ֮󣬰缦
Я˵˵ŻӵΣٵʡ
󽫾ЯǰһҾֵر¡Գ֮ŻӮ档
ŶΪΣ
ʹǴǰ츳Ҳʮʮ֮ʮʮ֮ѷǳˣŻʮϲһЩοһûܹŽ⺺֮Լơ
ٵüͷʤ㣬ʦʲôƽʱҲͰˣôܷǴôĶģ
£Ҫ𣿡ߴȫʡ
ȻҪˣ㣬ڴˣ

ߴȫһתȥ
ڣӵȵҲͷˡ
ԨһҪ鵽ʲôʱҪǲˣûˣֱ˵ҲҪԶֱۣ͹ǰһٸͷ¶ȥˡ
Ԩδţ˿Ϊֱ
һĨɫӰӳҰ䡣
ضڽ̴£Ҵ߽㳡˴ӵٵۣҲųԨ
ʮĹֻһһЩµľ׮룬̶ֳȻ
ضɫһҪֹⳡ־磬ԨȻˡ
ɫĹۿɼرԽԽԲԽԽԲֱһ¡
ǴڹսĻӣǻԶٵ۵ˣһ⾪úϲ£졣
ضҲеĿתţ޷ƿߡ
һƿ֮Ѹһ
ˣ
һ𣬴¶־ֵֿı顣
ضüͷһ첽
ټĴڣľ׮µ֧
һȲľΧľ֡ԶԶֹ
ȫѻȸ
˶ûӦԨѾɴ۾ܾʵ˹ȥ
㡭Ҫʲôô˶أʲô˰ȥиʣĸ⡭
һƨɵڵϣΪԼոǻþ
˵Ҫʲô
Ԩͣĵطޱظ
˵Ҫ÷߳ɺ


37 
ϳ, Ȼͬ졭ʹɺҲûһ˿覴á
ͩ, ضضԊɺ˵ͷ
׼ĶЦʡ
ͷ޵λð, Ҫÿ춼Ԩҵ
С̧̺Ө͸ɺ, ڽ̵ָ£Сɺڷ۵ĵط
нһԿţضܷģת޵ھĬ, ֮ء
Ԩ
ڼž޵׵ĴɴȻص
߳ɴһ˫纣
ضЦôȥ

Ϊʲôȥϣ
ĬƬ̣˵
ضȻʧЦ֣
겻ߵǰ
ض, ɿմѣԨԡ
ۼ, ضþ, ЦտͷˣڳĸʺԱ, ˭ûпۣǹΪ߸ֱ, Ӳ֮ζ޲, ˵ҵԨÿ䡣
Ҳ𣿡Ȼʡ
ضδش, ׷ʵұȴ, ˭
ͷˮôֳϴˣ
˵ѾˣھͺһԺ
ʱ߽޵ԨĻЦŻ֮ǰ˵أ
ض̲סЦҿˣ
ɲô˵ʮ꣬ڻӹʮĳ˵ˣҲĿѣأ
̵Ļóȥī֭ÿ˵һ֣ɫͺһ֡
ū澻ûüŻ˵Ļ
滹ʲôضʵ
ʮʱǰǰʱûĿѣԣҲǴ˿ġض
ĿѣԣΪʱӴҫװЦ˵ǰѹϣһŶ쵰СļѪʯ˵ѵһļƷü졣
Ц԰ȻȷʵۣԭʵǺʹûʲôϵ
ôضָͷЦС
ҲСˡ
ͷƺֻǴ
ض֣˵˿ڣ˵𣿡
ԥۡ
ۡض̧ͷ˵ҪϧԼ壬ˣҲۡ𣿡
ٴαͷӺ﷢һӦ
ȥ棬ȥ𣿡
ȥ
ΪΣ
תͷϣȥ
оӵܣǹһԸһаʽҲá梿ԽĿΣȴ̲ΣܹһΪʦǲɶõĻᡣ
Ȼ˵һҲûиǡ򡰲ǡĻش𣬵ԨѾ˼
˵š
ضЦԺӡ
Դ궯رܿһ˫ҰƵӲõضҲǺӡ
úúáض°ӣǰ梵Сǡ
ȪϢ޵ضһۣЦ˵̣Żȥֽ棬ٴҵĿⷿһָֻԨ֮󣬰Ѱ梸񼡸Ϳϡ
˶ӦˣԨ˳ĬȪһۣת뿪޵
뿪ضЦ⣬޺£
˵ա
ӦƸѧĽԱУʮ˽յԡ
޵⣬꾲վţƬ̺뿪
ߵͩǰָҴһĽ̡
̼߸˼ӿŲŻӣ㿴ָɻϲ
Ԩһֽۣ˹
š
̿˰ָ̧ȥɻŻҪȥ棿
ԨͷҲأӺһ
̶ıӰŻȥұĻɣܵûѣ
ԭΪȰ˵ʯ󺣣û뵽ԨĻش
á
˵ã
Ȱ˵Ľɻ󣬾ŻӶˣλأ
ƫ
ˣ˵ҽţϸҩĹŮʹô󾢣޺𣿣

Ůϴصʹߵġ
ûõĶ
£̫༱Ҵ߽ڡ
ųˣȫһ£ŷ𣿣ӲȻŭһԵĲҪӡ
̫˫ϥһ䣬ֵعȥһ֣£Żˣ
ʲô
ڵˤ÷飬۵ţ

ڶϣ˶ۣɺ³һŶ쵰СļѪʯ
𰡣ȫΪ͵ʴȸжϲԣԲŻʯʯ
֮䣬һʮʮ٣ùˣаն֪һϢ
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ЦɴҡҷĴߣȵԨ˵أżѪʯôһҹ֮ɺ£ѵϲԽµ𲻳ɣ
κ󣬴ɴ
˭֪
֮աֻзϥͷʹӲ֪ˡ
׵Ӷ췢ҪӶһضһͷܷ֮ˣڶվ͸ᡣ
ǡ
պӺͷ˽¼̯ʱӴײơ
ڽµ˫˫ѹٵ۱ڵ콵ʥּΪȢǫŮΪޣŮֶŮΪТһճɻ顣
ֱʱ֪µķծô죿
ԼѡʺűҲֻܳꡣ
شʧһ٣ֻܰ̾ظŮ׼ױ
ʱۡ
ͩɺϲʱƷ⣬񾩳ڻƽ
󣬸顣
Ĵϲĺǰɽ˺ֻҪһϲףܵһϲձΪմմϲҲŶӵĳ
ģȻĹ˿丮⡣
ʮųಲ´ŵǹӺꡣ
һСģöǹڱ̨ϣ̧Ĩ鲻סŴ
ҡϢһᡭ
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磬ҰɡҡҲˡɥĵ
˲˵УһƨϣӲǰ˰ӴӴ
磡磡㻹ҵ׸𣿣һ߰һ߶Ż͵˯㿴㣬ȥ̽̾ŻӣЪϢһɣ
һ߷˵Ҫеһ֣Ҳ˯ȥ
УɹĲҽвڶȻһֻëɵѩǹʨèӯشݶأУţǰצȻ̧ͷ
~
èһžʯͶ˺УӵУͬһ
ˣ
죡
ҵأĸС͵ҵ£
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Уյϣһ˽ýֱ꣬ͦεĸͷԶͬˡ
бУһɫV֣ں͸ϵžʯĹһͷŨܺڷ۸߸Ժ󣬷β˯ƵСʨƵģ΢΢
嵽̨µһͰˮǰˮ漱ææݣشƨɾְһš
һ˵ϣĿؿŹȻ׵ԨˮͰɴؽԼһ
ԨĨϵˮż⹴ڵϵǹԾϿı̨ǹԨǹһʮ깥ȥ
Ԩһתǹ֮ɨߴ׳Ӹ
һ졪
Ӹ߸ڿգء
ӧڿзǹڱ̨һĵ
˭һսȫü

һ̲סǹϱ̨
ض̵ĹŮ̲Уʱӳĵһ۾Ǵ͹ڱ̨ϴݱĻ档
һţһЦ˵Ż̿ѽ·ʪ͸ˣùԶ˸·Ȼһôȥμӵϲ磿
ȶСŮǷ׷ͷ
ضЦȰѱƷϢ˰ɣϰı㲻Ҫˡ
Ц˵ūȥ
ضÿֶ
ϰϰմŻӵĹ⣬ǵϰӶ׷֣ͣ˵ЩݵϷӡһʱ䣬Уھ׳ЦһţַƷĹŮǸϼ
Ʒ֮󣬲ŮΧڱ̨ԣΪʾ׵ıԷ
ضȻõĹ۾λ
Ȼֻ꣬дӾ浶ʵǹϹսġ
Ԩܹƾͺòʤʵ־ϲ
Цọֱ̈̄ʹȫǿѹǹ
ˣ㵽Ϊֹ
һһƬѸ

̨Ź
ˣɷһ߿˵ҶϢһɣ
Ԩӵǹֱ̨̨ϵضȥ
ضӽнӹʹˮĸɾӣǰΪͲϵĺˮӵͬʱϰ߳ȻضΪ˷ĸ߶ȡ
̫ȣôǺضʡ
̫ˡ˵
̫̫࣬ƻ𣿡ضЦţʳָͷһ¡
Ц˻Ǻȴһ㺹ζûеģ
вź𣿡
ӹӣһ¡
ʮ꣬ʱͷѾߣضһʱЩ죬̧ؿ
ضȻиоһ˿ѹȣ񱻴ҰĿһ
תƻ⣬Ҵ˱ӣ𣿡
ᣬˡ˵
ضǾ͸ţعٳԡ
šüͷë׵Դļͷ˵ԡ
ضЦ
梡
ضͷᵯһָֻʱſϽһ
ιҡĿֱؿ
ضӹ̵Ĵ룬Ҩһױӵꡣ
ιһףһס
̨µԶԶЦ̵񾩹ͿιʳľŻӣ̳ܷ˰ٰʮĳϴס
קŶĸ첲ɥ˵磬Һᰡ𣿡
ʲôģ̧ͷһۿ̨ϵĽֵͷȥǹģؼˡ
Ϊʲô
߿ŲǹתһȦЦܵܣȥ˵ʶ㡣
ǹߵϽǰɴصϥȥ
ְ󣬼񾩹
ضЦǧ𣬲ض񡣡
Ҫ˰ѹȥ
ضƫͷһ꿿ļҲ̧Ĳƽ糣·ֺֻ޹ϵ
ضЦ˵Ԩȥ°ա
ԨƳһڵ
ԶضЦǧԨڵϰΣ
Żָߣʵĺӣֻǡ
ֻʲô
ֻǣŻȻߣŬȴƿɳ¡˵ÿнϰĿʱŻӲӿξŷÿÿʦʣһ֪
ʲôʱһ֪ˣԨʡ
ٶȻһµԨ˻ضºɢֿ塣
Сһϥǣ£¡
δһ֪شԶֻһ˵ɱ
ضһҾ֣˵
ΪߣɲͨΪߣȴͨټұְԸµ츳û빫ල£ѧϰֽϵ֪ʶ
ҼˡضЦǧԨϰ䡣
һ񣺡Ǳְ֮¡
뿪ضڼͷ꣬ʣӿˣ
⣬ʻȻ
Ȼȥʰ㡣ضָͷ߰գȥϲˡ
ȥ
һ
ɵвͼӰ겻鲻Ըվ
ضУڵ˸һƬ߳˹
ͨڵ͵ͣ·ߣضߵߣϰΪ֡
ضֵ֣֮ԨʶҪֳڳߣ׾پԾ
ᣬȻضߣֿ塣
ֻҪһɹ̫èһצ޺
Ԩͷˡض˵
һԣֱӰѺת
ض˷ۣΪᣬ°£ó
ںŨܵķ˿ѩָ⻬βСƤعָͷضȻһ㶡
ôˣ
Ƭ̵ͣʡ
Ԩͷֶֺ࣬˺ĽضЦ
ûɡ
ض£ڷ߸߿Ժ
кȻðɻ֮ȥɡƺȫֱ
ʻһڱĸͣ
Ԩ³Ȼַضǰ˾Ǵе
Żӡ񾩹
ضڱǰ׼ԨȲ븣š
װϲЦվǰӿ͡
ض۾һ첽˹
梣


38 
Цػӭض, һԵԨֻص˵ͷ
ȻҪ, Ԩʤһ
ѾĹƧϰΪһ۾ջ¶ض¶ĵϲЦݡ
, ˣҶҪ̲סˣ
ضЦΪ˲׹, ױ϶໨Щʱ䣬㿴, Ҳ𣿡
梲ҲŮӣαȥЩ
⻰ҿɵ𡣡Ц˵, ϲ, ֻЩɲ֡
õ, أ梿ȥ, ߷, С
, ضϣһӰһ˽, ס, Ҳض֮ľ롣
Ǻ, ŵ, ȥ, ǵλźˡջ֣ЦʲôҪԸһС˼ɡ
ʱ䣬ɳĲֹһˡ
绹δʼϡϡضһ־ͳΪŮӵ׷ġ
ߵҳ̣ҪﰵۼüͷԽԽѹԽԽͣضʱȥԺ䣬ȿϯٻ
ȰȰʮһͷ뿪ӵǰ
ض̿ЦעӰֱȫ߳š
ռǵıֱʱŸɳһڴؿڣСŻÿμǶûɫǲǶʲôѽ
ԨԸˣؽ黳ضЦ
˵ŻӺֻ񾩹׽
һŮӿںŮҲߴߴظ
񾩹褣˲ϲ˲ף
񾩹ҽ㣬ҲʱʱţϷأ
ҼҼֳ˵ĺãҴ񾩹ѧϰء
һŮӺȻѽһ˵ֱۣҼǵãĸ粻ϲ񾩹Ůӵıտˣ
ǱĵŮһΣڨڨЦ
ҼҸ˵йű˵ⲻǰճžͱ˴ˡ
ʻŮһȣ˭ˣ˭ôţҴĸ磿
ضҲɺǰŮǹʯŮǶƷ󳼣ڳ͢ҲǸзĶӣôű˴ˣ
˭ҴƷ󳼵Ķӣ

֪˭𣿡
ҲһŲڻ̳ϣһÿӣɷصɪڻ̳ǰĽ竡
֪ҵ˭֪游˭֪ҹù˭֪ҹ˭֪ұ˭𣿡
竹ӱһʵǶߣǡ˭
Ҳۣ˦ͷȣһϵжһǳɣˮ
ٴ
ҵƷ䣬游Ʒ潨ѧʿҹùá˵ҹ̡˵̫ұ塪˵ʥϣң֪˭ٷ磬ӡҲҲ
竹ӼƵһƨϣعֽŲõˡ
ߣ˵ȹҲФ񾩹ޡ
ҲȣߵһڣҪתѰһſ͵Ĺײǰ߳ľŻӣ۾һЦӭȥ
ҲӢľŻӣ
Ԩû¶ȵĿһۣһ
Ҳ˿ûܴ죬룬ǼȻһ˾Żߣ·һʼͬС
ŻӾ񾩹ɹһЩꡭȱʶصǡҲظԺҲһ鷲ˣ켣꣬Ĳ˵ЩꡭָƣһΪ°ŵ׵ܵùõ´κһף
һһԲһϲֵ֮޲עĿ
Ԩרٵĵطߣ˴˵ļɽ£ϼɽ֮ߵͬȱĹӸ紭ŴһǱϼɽ
šŻӹȻǳˣĵطѡ˱¶أҲ£Ԩ˸Ĵָ
ҲԼܰƨȣȻѾ˼ȵĶ̧Ŀ⣬ؿ³˵һ֣

ĺʹ
Żӣ׻˵ֲЦˣôˣоϻǲʶҪһ٣꣬ѣ˵ôҲֲиȰ˵š
μӻ֮ǰضǧڻ϶䣬Ԩ̣κֻһֱ˵طȥ
Ԩ̲סְҲ¼ɽʱһʾһ
֣ӣһԲ㣬ôң
ԶһһŮżɽǰŮںеͣŮװӺݻ۰߰ߣɫ㲡
֣ͣ½Ųһ˦Ůӵ֣ͷŭ֣˿ˣɺͳ
㻹֪ͳŮӿ˵ҲˣºӣһڹȻҵ
Żң֣ŭ˶ܺ㣬к˴䣬ΪʲôУΪȢֻйͷŮˣ;ȫٲ˵Ҫ
Ҳڼɽϴ֣һ߿ϷһĹǺõ
ҲһԵľŻӣĬȴִĶϣҲץס֮׵ĻᣬæΪ󣺡±еģǴƷ㶫תʹ֣Сӣ֣ɵĵܵܣĻӵľ˾ˡСǸˣ˵й;ԶйϵģԾ͸ˣѹû;ɻ١
ŮأѾ޵幫Ű죬صڹӦ˶£ⰲ칫ֲôͷǵҲûʲô
ԨһԵؿżɽµˡ
ǵ
Ҳ˵ڹйһ֮Եֻǵһɫ԰׵ŮӣӵؽŵܵܡȫΪض˵仰Ժһϯ֮ء
ۿŰ칫Ϊʲô۸ԴˣȻŶԷ½ǰ
İ梣Ȼˡ
Ҳżɽµ־磬˼Ȼɢ̸Цضϣ˵񾩹˽Ҳʮˡ֪»ʲôĳʲôҲһ
ɽµ֣Ӻƿ칫º߿ˤڵء
Ҳ˵񾩹ҪֹиҲһ뵽Ů񾩹šɷҾ͡
͵̧ͷҪɱƵ׺ĿҲԼ
ʺˣԲ𡣡ҲϳϿҿҵصǸذοȥʺһ˵Ļġ
ԨһţڼԾ˼ɽ
֣ӸתɽߣһͷͰһȭ
ҽж͵ɳȥˡ
칫һʱ죬סĺμС
˭Ҵң
֣ѪıӴӵʹŤĿԨ˫΢ͼ׿壬˭ʱϵѪɫʧԨҲߵǰһ̤ؿڡ

֣ץסѥ˫ԲĿ
Ԩץ֣ͷϵڣǿֱԼ
ٶһָͷҾͰԲĶ㲱ϣԨһһ٣˵𣿡
ס֣ŵ缦ףͷ
Ԩڣ֣ٴˤصϡ
Ҳʱţֵ˼ɽҪ˵ԨѾ֣ӵ壬ޱС·һͷȥˡ
ѽ£ȵҰ
Ҳææ׷ȥһְѸҪ֣ӲȻصϡ
˻˷ߺǰ֮˽Ǳ°ӣȻҲǽڷˮأר˾ɹģɽˮͤǷš
һ·ϣܵ˶Ԩ񣬺ĿбӣǸٻҲЦտϹֻ񣺡ѽʹʹã
ˣϵıɺ͡ʹáһûϵ
ȻҲһ١
ҲŲںء
ֻںܲͨ;ŻӳΪѵķʽ߾ȹΪ񾩹ѡ
ǰͤһһŮͤȻλ֮˶ʮʶȤվͤ⽻̸ͤӳƽõĳӵݸŮʱȴ顣
Ҳֿʼͬ˲ͬ涨ҲǸĸ֮ý֮ԣɻȴδйϣ񾩹ķҲˣɪͬͬɡһ׮
˵꣬Żӣϵõͬ
ͬûУ˵С
ҲԨǶ˵Ŀ壬Լǰ˸ѼĶԥת
ˡ
ٲߣ߲ˡ

ϲ󣬻дֶ
ضΪδŮӣͳ뿪˸
ʱѾͷ
񷾲ףƣźϡϡɢߣһ繭Ĳ¸ҹһɲ֪δ㡣
У̴Ÿ첲ֹˣôͻȻˣ
ոҲ쬵ġݳڱڴŷ磬ˣ١컹֣
أôʡ
ض鱾̧ͷЦڼϵԴ
Ԩ˵أ
˶ϵԨޱ飬һɢϢ
˭ˣضЦ°ͣ˼ǣȻһ޾ɵؽĶŪ
̵ɴۿŲͬѰꡣ
ضЦòᡣ
촽һץסض°͵֣ġ
ضЦ˽һۣᣬЦҳȥڱ
뿪ضοô˭۸ˣ߰梣ţ
̧ͷһۡ
㡭Ƭ̣˵ϲʲôӣ
ض̲סЦˣôͻȻ
شҡ
ϲضЦЦ˵ϲҴԸӡ
Ϊ׷ġԸʲôϵǣδɰʵף¶˼ı顣
Ȼһƥ˻͵һҡ
Եһʱڻ
һͷص󣬳иߺ
񾩹
ض򣬴ֺƿš
֮еЦڳƿʧ٣ȡ֮ģǱ졣
½ӣ
ڵ½Ӻ͹ڳǰɫȵֱʱֲ֡
ңұ׷ɱһ
½ӺʵĻ֣̿ƴߵͷֻҪضһܾվһա
ʲô˵أƬ̺һ˫µЬͣǰ
½Ӻͷۻ̧ͷ´Ů΢ĿⱯo
һ¸߸ңâࡣ
ǹ̫䣬̫ྻǵĺâ̵۾ۣˢ²֪ǿ־廹ǽٺˮ
ð
˵
Ҿ㡣


39 
Ը˷˶ֶ֪ͩһˡ
ȳȵ, Ϲ۵, Ů, ڣ˸ݵģ˵۷׷ףһῪٵ۶һº̲סˡ
ضع밲ĻᣬٵȰ
֪ĵغãҪǣˣộ⡭⣬ģ, ʵʧ桭
ض, Ц½ګУŻ亲ѧʿһԣŮй⡣
ʲôй⣬ѧʿٵһ, ٶüȥ⻰ɱЩѧʿ, , ͽˡ
ٵȻûĻ, ضҲû˵, ոǷҲ˵ġ
⣬½Ӻޱ飬˫ȴţָġ
ú񾩹߳ţЦһۣ߰գع
½Ӻæͷȥǰͷ·Ρ
Եعˣ̻ǹŮĿⴥʱ¶Ӷ־顣
عĹˣҲˣҲˡ
ֻһ񾩹䵽ϣģģδΪòʹϿµɤԶ֮
׷ɱʼչ˲˹
Ϊӳɽػ˼䣬ŷ֣ǰ˴ѾˣʹƴŻص˼䣬ʲôأ
ǵǶΪֶпȶ
룬ǰͷݲȣֱ治˭ʮ˲
ǧֻйߣů˼䡣
񾩹뿪ٵ̾˿ߴȫϵĲҲȲȥˡ
ߴȫԹɫ̽Ϊ񾩹Ļ·ģ
ٵһ̾
ֻҪһ뵽ת˲Ҫ˶͵ˣһҲͲԶˣˣҲ͸ʮˡﻹδ˵ĹߵССҲԳ⾩ͷ˼ң˭Һˡ
ٵ۶˶٣һ̾
޵⣬ʵ᲻áܣ˷£Ҫ˵ûȣҪǶŷȥƫƧأƯ·򲻵ͷ棬ҡҡ
ٵ˵˵ţȻۿ
ߴȫ￩һϽο֮𣺡ҪڵǣʵڲУǿҸÿƵСù޹ȥʺ󡭡
˵ʲô
ٵŵؿǸողɾۿһգ۾ˮ
ߴȫ⣡ں˵ʲôأ޳Ƕ᲻ãѵù޳˷𣿣
̧ƣɴԼ£
Ӵ±ūų˵棡棡
Ѿˡ
ٵˢˮҿĶ
հٵҪ񾩹׵СϢ˷ͩһƽܲһζ
ضҪǺףҲҪף
Щȥŭȵ
Ҳܺ˵ס죡
Ҳػ̧ͷͦأʮ㣺ضܺףΪʲôҲУ
Ϊʲô˶֮㻹ϸҪȥ
Ҳܡػ죬ת£еҶҪС
ȥ£˵Ը߹ף㿴¸߲ˣ
ҲŲȥػֹضȥһȥʲô
ʲôضضס÷۵ؿڣŭضҪȥȥ𣿣
ػһ㶡
ֱĲϵŮضһΡ
ˣҳȥҿͷۡ֡
Ǻ׵¡
ٲٱ˵ˣԼĹˣ⼸յ
û˵꣬ػѾһ˳ȥ
һֻ˶ķʶƨһҡһҡ¸½׷˳ȥ
һȻŵһɲͬѰĳζڴʶ׵ĵطһ̲Ŀ֮
һû
ػɣ
ŭ쳹ܲŶӳػɶһ£ӲҪǰȥ
ѽ
ս֮һȻ߳Ӱײһ𣬶İ׳򣬺ơ
Ļӱȵͷۻźˣд̿ͣ
ػסȳĶӣ̧ͷŻŵĻӣ˵ĸ磬̿ѱҼãûˡ
Ļӷ֣ŷֹֻһֻͨӡ
Ҫ˵ͨʵҲͨ
ͱƽճԵն컹ҪֹԲĶƤϡ
ĻŬǾ޴Ķƿߣֵôܵôǹʲô𣿡
ߣ޶졣ػɺȻע⵽ķһ䣺ĸعģ
ǰȥ򸸻밲߹˵ϢˡҲȥ򸸻밲
ǡػɱŶӣżڵϲ˲䣬̵˵Ҿ֪ضȥ׵Ϣǲġ
òף
Ͳ׹ƨ£ǡػɻ˵һ룬СˣǣҪǽȥףҲҪȥס
ĻӲΪΣ
ʲôΪΣĻһ仰·ͱѣػͷţŭɶѵҲ𣿣
úܣúܡĻæ԰ͷ󺹡
ػһţһۣߺߵسˡ
Ǵʶ죬ųŬ׷ϡ
Ļ̧Ĩ˰ѶͷĺһһɿʧҰи֡
˵һ¼пԶﴫټ޲ȥѹ£ÿҲֻк׺ͳ·ѡˡ
³׳
ˣһ͵úã١±˵ǡ
Ļҡҡͷǰȥ
ع֮˶ڲ²껪񾩹ǷҪףֺĹֻеȻɽ˿Ӱ졣
ͩУΪ˷GDPĵضһηҹ
ģһð轲裬ͬӰȪԼվһԾĬĽ̡ڱ
ĲӶľվǰȪʣ
ǰЩӣľĶ𣿡
ѱˡȪ
һһȥ졣ضӳóһŻͼֽݸȪ˫ֽӹȥѰɿ֮ˣʽҿһö³ţһҪѰɿ֮ˡ

Ȫºضĵ轲裬ڵЧʲ̫롣
֮˻̫٣ȵѧ˲ţҲҪʱ䡣
Ŀ̫٣ֽ̫٣һʱỹ⣬ȥȴûиЧļп**
ܲܽһרΪ鱨أ
ض²豭о顣
Ϊʲô
ƿǰ鱾˵ҰҹˣЪ˰ɡ
˽Ϊϴ֣ڱʼʰҵ档
ÿζҪ˵ʲô࣬ǵġŹӦõģʲôأһض˫ʮָһεɨһۡ
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˵Ӯ˵ÿζǺҲű
ǡڱҲһ죺Ĺ˶Ľūͩ˭֪ʺͣƴˣĴˡ
ض̿ҿҲĽͩӣ⹬Ĺ˸Ƶ˵
ʲôѧʲô£ڱ˵
޵ڻЦ˷͵ղ˷Ƕһݣ֮µĹ͢ҲǶһݡ
⽥תĽһϣضŴҹɫԶļȻԺ﷭
ڵСʱŹһ뵰
˵Ŀ𷹣ڱū澻ǵһ˵أ
ҹ˾һ·ϣŵƮζ뵽ʲô
뵽𷹡ڱͷ
һ뵽ҡضЦ
ҲмңͩǹļңڱֻҪһ£˵ˣϵǣūҲҪȥժ
Цһţɴҹ΢΢ҡҷ
ض˴һۣЦԨҲȥЪϢˡ
κһ죬ƺʲô˴Ӵ£ӺԺԶȥˡ
ô֪ŻǶģ̲˼ͷ
ضЦЦµġ
ҲǡŻһϲŹҹ˵
Ϻ󣬽̵˶뿪޵
ߵԺУڱȻѽ̽ס
ôˣɻ
˵ҪҪѹŻӶʮˡô˵Ҳñˡǽ̵µĹŮǲҲѹˣڱһᡣ
ʲôദǢǸ˻㷴ҪǱ־ģ
Ů겻ͬϯҲ¹·Է
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ڱϢŭ½ӺҼľ²˳ʮָߴЩˣδ͵Ĳˣ밲ġ
ڱĽ޶ԣסϣȥȥȥҪоԼҲһƬȥҵľ²ˡ
ҲܿԼĲ˵أ
ֻҪͬͿԡ־²ˣֵײ˰ɣҳԹ²˽ˡڱü
½ӺĬĬ˹֣תصԼĶ
λסĶǡþڱĶб棬֮䣬Ƭ²
ˣһĶԽǣһ
½Ӻһҹɫľ²ֹš
谵£֣֮Уһָǡ

պһضױǰԴµõһԶ
ϵϡ棬ϡǺ׹ɫ飬ɫޣ糿¶ժµõ廨꣬زپҵ֣ɴǰЩմӺӻصĺƷ
꾭Ӫ֣ɴѾո˴󲿷ĵ̣ȵһ֣ͨɴͼ̻ᣬ뺣ޱ߲Ƹ
ֻǣڻʱһл
½ӺһԣǿµĮޱ飬·䷢һж޶ԣֻԼ֪̰ĿŮѩ׶˶á
Ѵɴضö˵

½Ӻߵǰ׵ĻɴĶ
ȥطֻйŻڴǰĻͩʶڴɴһԽ˽⣬ηҲԽͩǺǰɲģһֻɲζȴѱˡ
񾩹߼еˮ©ŮŮҲĺ˽̫ٳյĶ̣ʮ꼴һٶʮĹӣټԼЩ֮У񾩹ƺΨһˡ

ϦڶԾյŮѩȾһĨ죬רעŶԵϡ䱦ѷ·ʢŴ£ΪѵһĹ屦̾ⲻ֪ҲѵһĹ屦
½Ӻ͵Ŀ߮Ů毺õϣ֪ʧ

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𼱣ʲôˣ
Ӻͼλ˽˵ŻӻʱعľŻˡִһܡ
Ż𣿡
һŻûˡ
ضЦˣ㼱ʲôһȺҲ򲻹һˣ˵ȥģֻҪǲţҲ͵֪
ǡ
̸Ҫ£˵˵ʲô˾Żӣ
˵ԥһ£˵˵ŻǺ֡
֪ˣȥɡضɫѰ
ֹһᣬԡ¹Ԩһˮ޵һ·׷ϵڱ
Ӵ£ȵū澣ͷɣ˿ɾū澵
ضӿڱнӹͷĽӣ꿴һۣ
˳ӵض׵ױǰضںڵʪᰴѹеˮ֡
Ҫ𣿡ʡ
ش𣺡á
ڱԹɫ֪֮ǹĽѧʱ䣬˵˳ˣĬԵ½Ӻͣ˵½ģȥ
ɡ
ϵĻڳ˶һͬסˡ
ӻζĲ̧΢΢ĺڷڰҰƵӣƬƬһѾͷ½Ӻ͡
ڱͷӦ
ضʪĽӻڱ񣬴һҤ÷ƿгһͼֽ
Ů⿪˿ĵͼƽ档ء
ͼϣ˷Ϊģ˷֮кģб룬йĶԭ
գǽ⻼
Ů˵
˷꣬δءͬԼȡǸ۲Ŵ֮ǲɷɾ裬һ
½Ӻʹͷ·Լء
ߵĺ¾ݴԸбɱ顣ʹĻӱ£Ҳǲϡ
ϸָỮͼһ֣ѩ¡
ʮݣĵʱڱĹռԭӺĵĽӺϵشͨĽͨ׵ĵλþ˽ʮݺԭǴݺĹϵԽʮ䣬ǶӰս˥䣬˷ԭĸҲ׷׵ġ
ˣʮݱ⸴˷ģһս
ŮйŷֻҪҡ
ʵ۴УΨһļ̳ǸշʵУԹ˲ϾʱڣǲصԱвڶԭ
ضʳָããԭ˵µĶԭеóͷ乲ĲֱǶܡĪɡͺĲ˷Ͷԭ֮Ҫı߾Ҫؾ˳ء
˳֮Ҫ˳Ǳұ֮أ˳ʧݣԭҲֻ֮䡣
ԭԶвȻСǰʮݣʶԭв֮ģڹ⸴ʮ֮ǰҲΪǡ
ǽҪ˵ͲԭضָȦͼϵط˵طˣǳΪġ
ǧԭĲײϣòƽĳó׺Ĺάϵ֮ĺƽÿüŵ棬ܱ˷λóصĴۣķ١
̲סૣ𣿡
벻ԣȡǺض˵
Ĭ꣬˵ԭϵǧɧԭŴȷѪ꣬Ϊδòԭ
ɱ⣬ɱ
ɫĮȴУɱء
ɱ궼ܡĪɡͺĲƬҪ˶ֻðūͻʡŮĲʱҪԴŴפԭɱľͷ

ԨԶɱġضĳ
Ҫô죿̧ͷ
ԭߺֽǼܹռ죬Ҳ޷еļֵΪͱرƬԭǻỨѴԴ˷ԣһݽȥ̶ԣԭԶԭһΪʹѹҲΪĿģռ졣
ֻдһͳŻԭвʼĲڣǾԶƲˡ
ˡ
ΪǿˣͷĪСˣʹѹֻҪ֮Ժطֻԭʼշѷ޷ͳһ⣬ͿԲһһ䣬ǳΪҡβȡȮ⽻ˣҲͬ
Ůһϯ˵꣬ھĬ
ɫϦ£ѩ׶ߵ糺ѪŮһЦصڰ޵
ν֮˵ƺ⡯֡

ضڱͽ;Żӻݣֻ½Ӻһˡ
½Ӻ²⹫⣬׿ڣĿüŵᡣ
У񾩹ߵ޺¡
յĿΣкθ룿
ͨ¶ѧʶԶԶ繫
ģκһ˶˵Ĺάģֻ½Ӳ˵Ļ
½ӺͲ̧ͷŵĿ·ϤһС
̾Żӵȴûнȫ
ŶЦˣ˻ν⣿
Եֻ̰֮Եż漰Ҳǲݲݴ½ӺͶ˶٣˵ڷžŻӡ
˵
;ŻӵĹϵԭ˺͹ġϣǿ󣬿赲ԶͷֲϣĹǿڷвԭͳλ
½Ӻ˵󣬵
½Ӳǽ괺ϣ֮ˣڹ֮жȹʵš
񾩹ڵ紺յϪȪƢ
½Ը⣬ҿ㱾ݣ޷볯Ϊ٣Ļţȴ׾١
ͨһ½Ӻ͵˫ϥӴ
˫ְأǰ֮ߵ׵ס
߰꣬ǰ۷
о֮ο²ųڣ׿ǧţѵõľ֮š
ש䣬½Ӻ͵ؿȴһƬ̡
Ұĺͳȼա

Ըһ׷湫Ϊ𣬸Ϳأ
ضŹǰӣ߽

֮á


40 
ٶʮ, ĩ
ů, 
ʱ꣬һӭ˿֮ա
̺Ķѵһ, һռؾ޴Ȼǰ, ͷܶ
ˮһ̧ѧŵ֮, Χ۰̸۵ľд̽ϵġѧ֣
񾩹˱, Ҳ, Ī
֮ۡһ֣۳, Ʈ, Сٿʮ, ҲѼ硣
˷, ˹֮ҡ
ɽ˺УһŬȺǰ
ܣ̷⣬ǿЩϡ
һ˷ܵػͷ, 󺰻
û˵꣬һɳȻײؿڡ

ˤϣʶ̧ͷһ˫ŵɫֹͫߵıԹ
ײĸߴ󣬱ƶֺ, Ӹµؿŵϵ, ڿʲô
ûع, ̷, ŭײˣôǸ˵
أȻһͭɫȺиĿüһЦ
·۾Ҳֵܹϣ
㡪
̷⡣
ȺĮһֹøһ̷ʱջҽš
һӰȺ߳չ£ٷü䣬ںͫ͸һĨֵİϡ
ԨĿбӵشӹͭɫԾ̷һۣ첽׷ϣ
վԭأԱ˴ҴңĿʼնԶȥĺɫӰϡ
һȺЮ֣ۿҪײϹͭɫ꣬󺰵ǰģãСײϡ
ǰɲֱײ˸ʵʵ
̩ɽײȥȴЩˤ
뷢ŭѪɫ۾󣬱ܵ˺ߵ֡
ޱؿһۣתѧȥ
һƺƵĽŲԶάľеףѸٿҵֳ
Ÿվ꣬Ⱥ
浹ùֹ
Թ·˰οЩƫԶطĻѪǶһԲϾͶӣѲûԷϱ䵶ǶáӵĻѪ͸ڻŰɡ
ô˵ӲͷƤ˵ӽ£ţҲ־ǰɱˡ
·ҡҡͷȥˡ
Ҳ´ŵĳӳʾԼͨԵ֤߲˻ѧš
ԵĽԱӦƸǱһۣһС֤Ķ˸λ£ߵǸĹӸ磬һؼŶȣ跸ƵĶͣ
ܣ˵λӣܲ㡭
ţӸ۽ǳͶһͷ⡣
ܷ㲻Ҫţ֮ͥ£˷š
Ӹıǻﴫмһ͡
СүҾͶˣô
ŵĻش𣬹Ӹȶñǰˡ
ɫѿӲӺδ棬С˷ǣ
Ӹĥ˺һ׶Է˵ʲô
žһ¶ֻţüŭĿ˵СүСˣ֪˭𣿡
Сزʶô֪˭
֪ҵ˭֪游˭֪ҹù˭֪ҹ˭֪ұ˭𣿡
С˭֪ȻҲʶĸĸݣ
ˢһӸȣüҸףˡ
ԿʼˣЩµֱӹȥ
һ־ĳλﴩſĳ߽ãĿ¶вػһȦ˰˭һţ
ҡһţҽ㡭
һӼæվηη˵ţ˫ֲذžV½ǡ
ϻˣϽ
үתȥæϡ
ŵһ뿪ĿʱִҲͬĺһ˸ãɫأĬĬ֮ҲԣҲ򿪵ֺ£ˣ¼𣬽żⶶ÷ɿ졭
Ҳܽǡ
֤һǧģ˵֤к͹潻̸Ļᡣ̵ذƨɶ۵ıһֽƬؽ£˭֪
ֽ͹̸绨ѩµģ͹̸һ֮ģ
֪ʲôһ֮Ҫҽܣ
̹ô仨¥
Ҳ޲ͷؿżֵǧĿƬ谭ĽŲ
񾩹ͬϵǣֻǵһСʺɡ
һǧ׷ǵһײıˣҪ񾩹涼ûž˳ҲģѾһǧһҲģ
ǻûȾͲһǧҲͷһᣬЩᡣ
Ĺײı֪ʱʲôطأ

۾㣬ϸֽţĻĶ
ڱ˫֣վԺǳţලС̺һصľ
ۼӷźˣڱ첽뻪ѧţڹ㳡Ⱥۼĵطҵ˴ǴЦض
лһˣ빫ȥʱлʣһع󣬻ȥʸʰǰ»Ĺ¹Ц
񾩹ɷūˣūһѻ¹ЦһתСŷˡ
ٵΪ˸ӣŰһ飬һǵƷ֮УضϲһԲ̫ͳͳߺ󣬹㳡ֻʣضԼˣԲȦԽԽϲ
ԲǺıŶ̾ĸ˫ƣ붦ϺƳĻϣ֮
ͺãԢãضͷĿ㳡ÿһŵѧӳ˿±Ǵ󶦡
ٽĻƶأ̧ࡢţȻ˿ּһ㱧󶦣ѵŲضָλá
˵һ죬ڵϣһ󱡻ҡ
æضֲסȷ硣
ȪԶ˵ԱԺѧͳѾʼˡ
Σ
־ԺѸٿ˳档ĿǰȻ򡣡
ضӦһ۾ڹӳȵĴϡ
Цǹȼ֮ұ½־Щɷľүҿ˭ף
ֱʱڱſڵūѾȷϹˣһǧֻ಻١׶Žȥˡ
һζûˡضɫź
ǣɵطʣһʱ䣬ܸˡڱο
ҲĿɼҲ̼Ҿ֮ʿʧɣȥ
ڱȥߵͷ
ū֪ˡ

ߵĴѹֽţ̸ɫأǿдʡ
Ҳձƨɵ··лգҲǣվҲǡԵͬؿ
̴̨
Ҳûõͷϣ̴ܻ
һίСڹ㣬ˣò
ҲҪ˵ȻſһС죬鱨Ǹ̽ͷ֡
ߣСүҲһƽϣ
Ҳװŭӣš
ְһأƵŭ͹ģμʲôԵģ֤ϵسʲô˼Сүһ˶ʮ꣬һ֪Լسʲôأ
湫ӣûس£Сֻṩ͹ĻᣬҲ˵ôֻҪܺ͹棬ǶʺҲԸ⡭⻹ûʺأôܲأ
һԸʺأҲ۾һɣȥԣʱһ֪Ҷʺӻܣ
˵СҲԸ湫ܣɣ»иˮ¥̨ĻᣬͲ֪湫ԸԸץסˡ
ҪʲôҲסɰҿɸ㣬ȫֻʣˡ
˴ӻСóһŶ˵ŽԱ֤ûУֱ¼ȡÿˮ¥̨˵׼վ͵ء
Ҳˣ˿ڿˮӣ
˱ȳָֻҪǧӡ
Ҳһôꡭ
һס죬˵湫ӣϹ˿͵ķϣǮԷʮ·ڸ壬ʮ¡湫ӶԣⲻѰɣ˱ˣСô˵ҲҪյϢ湫ӡֻҪһ仰СξͲϢˣȫΪ˸л湫ƽնСĵĹա
ҲؿеֽƬֵֵá
ǧǹЩƽһҲ󣬾ûѶĺķ˵һÿˮ¥̨˵վ͵أ
ʺСȴҪеġ
ôţ湫ӣҪû˼Ҿȥһˣ
ٿˣҲһӣɵ
򣡡


41 
ѧͳһ, ֻѧ俼
ֻһ죬񾩹ٿ࿼
ڵȴ볡ʱͿʼ, 񾩹ûм࿼Ŀ, ƫƫ俼һ¶棬ǶĿʲô
, Ŵȴй, ڳֶ֮Ѫյ, Ħȭƣ޲볡
Ⱥ£ҵƫƧȺĶˡ
һ·Сܹȥݳӡ
ú, ĿţǾʮһǰʮź;ʮſƣ˵ĺȻţһͬ
̷ⲻΪ⣺ֻҪͿһ𿼾ͺá
˵עû, ⼸쿴ĶƽͷգЩ, һûƼ̷ΧĿ
Ĳ㲻, Ұ֮, ·ϴŲ, ԶһڽŹһ˫¶ŽֺͷƲЬ
Щӵĸѧ, ǲ볯Ϊ𣿡ѿڶ˵˲ŲףʶһԵԨһۡ
޲ż˵ѧ˵˽ѧб³ô˵ҲǸѧĹѧµѿأڹ˲ѡһ£ڷµͷЩҪ볯Ϊٵģĸѧѧںµԣ
ֲҼ⼸ղμͳĶЩƽӵܡ̷Ȼʡ
ѧĴôãĸƽӵܲҪǹżߣȫµնҪѧ顭
˵꣬ŤͷԨٴζ£һ˻ѧǡ̷ԨˣһҪסҵԶܣ̷ĸ磬㡭
裬ԨԼࣺš
аǡ
䣬Ԩ̧ۣһû˵Ծ˺ߵ߶
³ȣҲ¶ڣ¶ڡ̷˵˵ûŵģһҪúùס
ʲô죬㡭
ˣĻû˵꣬ѧŴȻ˸ߺĿƣ
ʮšʮʮһһſ
һʲô칫춼ˣȭ̫ˣһ𣡡
ͷͬףһ£ȴ˶Ѿš
һţæ׷ȥ
ܣܱ硭ǵȵҡ
Ŵʵƣ̷ɫǰһȻת䡣
Ѫɵſڣϱ䵶Ȼ亮⣬̧ɫ۾ˣϲŭ
õĲ黵飬ϱĿƺź˰һҲͬһԵˡ
˵
Ҳ׼ȻԷֻǾؿǡ
׼ȷ˵ǿ֮еԨ
˺ʵݺ󣬱ŽѧţȻûжȫ뿪
ʲô˼ɭɭؿֲ˵ë𣿡ֹ
һЩ̷ŵ⣬˵࣬ı졣
ˮڣѵһˣһһôڹǰְɣüɫ
俼ĵһǴߣһſ㳡Եı¥˲뿼úʼղ
ۼԽԽҪ䣬ͨ¥¥һ¿١
һ˿õľᣬߵǰչ޲һ𡣡
žɷ־ˣ̷üͷҲ
һʱ䣿ŵطʣȷֻһʱ䣿
үģʵսдַ⣬ڹ綼һʱʱ˼һ㡭ǿЦô
ڵͬ¿ٲΪȻȼ¯㡣
µ񣬿ãֻӲͷƤʼ⡣
ǳĬܱʼ飬ԨµˣҲͣʡ
ĴԾϣֻ
¯ð̣Ŀ⴩͸̣صҹͩС
Ů̧
梵ȻʹҲȿӱҪ
¯İ̱紵ɢƮ¥Ķ¥е
Ϸһ²񾩹Ϊλ࿼
ݡ俼Χһʻ֮ˣǻѧԺݡ
һϣ磬ضִһ俼޹صľ飬ͷҲֻ̧ǴߴһǳЦ
Թ۹ԣȻ֪ĿνУ俼δйĦĻᡣλطϣռȡ¼ɡ
ˣڳĿ˭޷ƽģҶǳˣȻҪ롣
ѡ俼࿼ǲϣδлﰲԼˣ
ֱȨΪʲô
ΪԼΪպľŻӣ
˼죬һʱܿ͹ȥˣ뿪¥۵뿼μӵڶԣ¿ջһλһĺдضϡ
ضҾ֣˵λͳۣ
ʮźŵĴߴϸ˽俼еѣ俼⻹ȫ棬Ͳ̰պȫͨʵϣʮһſĴڽ俼Ҳֻǹأسȴ޿֮һĺš
ضӱжΪĴгݣʣʮź;ʮŵΪǲ
ǰض¿ݴߡ
Σض̧
ߣʮſäŸʵ޲Կԣʮſǡ෴̲ºλǣ˶˵б¼ȡ
ݴضѿ罭˵˵ʮԣһڸֱһ
ʮŵּʮϤĻشȫ֮УʮŵĴȷʵ˷ʤϱһˣʱѾڴϴ˺ü磬֪ɺãŵûмǵʱΪǿԴڷ絲ꣿ
ˣضЩꡣ
ʵʮʲôˣ
Ҫȥʮŵݣ񾩹Ѿ˵ݰ˾ǣʮߣĸ˫
ɫԾʵε֪
̧ͷŲҲ̶õһ˶̲סܿߡ
Ҽһᡣ
̰Ƶ˭ëϷ׹һ㣬ϼ䣬˾Ѳüͷ
񾩹ÿĥġ
񾩹ػһСС̶ܹĿΪӡ
һߣضԺǡϢ
ȷһʷУûгֹ
Ҫ̫磬Ҫʷֹ֪ķ򣬵Σǵˣ༸ֹע
ضݴ߶ݸ½Ӻͣ˵˵أ

üͷһ͢ѧӴߵΪǲ
½Ӻ޲ӹߣ˵ʮȷʵ̸ʵǷäţв֪ʮŴܶ񶾣ӱ˵ߣҲʱԽǳ˲ļƲߣԽȡóʤЧ
һˣ֪ʲôӱһƮƮĿɫм
ضԵĲյһڡ
½ӺͳͶȥĿ⣬˵Իܹ֮֮ҲԽ֮߳ĵˣԽ˵أȵԼǾ֮ܣҲԶţԺԥѧʶͲʤʥˣȱ֮߳ģ
㡪
ڿͷִǰض²յ
ټңټˣֱǹ޷ܴʤսǺý
ˣ˵Ҳֻɫѿر죬һߴԭõľʮ;ʮŶȥˡɡ
¥Сһӽ̸ߵضǰվס
ڶѾ
ضʣ˭ͷ
ʮſ
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ͷΪԣҪƼݶ¥֪¡
ضҪӦȪ϶¥
ֻһ̺͹һ󣬹̧ͷЦ
Щ£ֻλһ
˵ң󣬷׷ȥ
˵뿪Ȫڣ
Ϻ츮б䡣

ѧ㳡ϣ俼һڽ֮С
һٶΧһְڿ״ص۷׷ף¿̧˰
壬ֱһ١һٶһġһһٰˡٽأÿֻһξػᣬλУѡܾ֮
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ͬ£Ⱦظ߶ȡΪš˵
壬ֹ
ҪҳҲܾǸһʮġ
˭ʡ
һŲVֵӾٸ֣
ʮšñıϹһ£ɡ
V߹ǰ壬һǻѡһٶʮĸ壬ڿٵָ£ؾ˸壬ֻؿλþ޷
¿ҡҡͷ˵һ
Ÿͬ̽·˼Ը˳ȥ
һʮаգһʮ˵ҲС
Ȼԥûԥ̫á
ߵһʮĸǰƣĿ֮£һȣʹ̵߾ؿλá
Ȱ
ٴδȣɫǺ죬ֱ۰һʮصĸٹͷ
ΧȺ֮̾
ڱдʣ˵ʮһţһʮͷһࡣ
һ¸壬ྴĿ£صԨ̷֮䡣
Ҿһʮû⣬̷Ӧܾһٰ˵ġ͵ؿʼ˳⣺ܾһһٰ˵ġһٰ˻ðЩһɡܣܣ˵𣿡
ԨĲɣһֱԶĶ¥
¥Ұǹ˴αԵѵص㣬վڹ۾̨ǰĿٲ٣ѰҵȴӰ
̷ֻһ۱֪⣬ڵŮӲͷ¶棬ǿĵط
ǰôأǺˣûϵȻǿõǡ͡
㳡ϵǻ߲˿򿼹ѯʹڡ
Ƕ̷˵Ŀһͷ¶棬һĳǿĵطĬĬ
ֻԨ
֪
ԾȻؽţһʱ󣬿ֻʣ˻ûбԡ
ʮźšʮšʮٻȫ
̷֣Ҳڵʮź;ʮ
տţʮɡ˵
̷̷һٰˡԵģΪ̷̷һٰʮĸ塪ֻΪ
̷ͣµλãǶٽĸ塣
ĿǰΪֹû˿ٽĸ壬̷ĽŲһͣȺӷҵ֮
̷ð֮Ķᵽɤۡ
̷ĸߴȻһʼΧ֮˰Ѻ󣬵ǽشٽĸٹ˫
̷ĳɼΪֹѣδԵֻʣԨˡ
߳Ⱥֱٽĸǰ壬ס˳ߡ
ɴ۾̷ǰ˳ж׳ţȵܰЩҲ߳࣬Ȼٽĸ壿
Ⱥ඼˵겻֪ߵغ
ķɫ͵лŲ裬Щ·ǹ˵һ㣬˵쳹ڹ㳡ϡ
˶ЦҲδֹ
ʲôûֻɫɫͫҲ͸һĨ𺡣
ѾƶʧܣȻŸƵģܾٽ꣬ڴһ󣬲˸壬ͷ
ʤ߰˳ߣ׳ţ̷⣡
Ŀɿڴȵ̷Ҳ
źͬԵʣ̷ûкɫ˵ǵ棬Ӯ塣
ٽĸأڶ־ηĿ⣬ĴǣϵĻң߻Ⱥ
ڻδμԵֻʣԨһˡ
ʮٻȺ
ܣˣͱͱߵԨĵУһҪУ
Ԩٴο򶫷¥ﻹûӰ
Ůƭӡ
ջߣһߵٽĸǰ
ôˡһսٽģٽĶôþ𣿡
ǲè壿֪Ҳȥˡ
ԨȺɵš
û¼ɡ
˫ּסʱ֪˭Ȼһ
񾩹ˣ񾩹
Ԩ̧ͷ
ҰĶ¥ϣһĨϤӰ
棬Ʈ裬ŮɫӰػĿת
˫Զ˳ˣҲֱ
ͻȻãӦС
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ԨߵʮԲǰ󾪺סԲ㡣
ȺзЦ귴飬¶âɫ۾ꡣ
һȣ
¶˫־Բؿͣٲһ˲ٴθ߾١

ü
󣬾Ȼٹͷ
˵ߵ˽ͷӶ׷״Բжء
⡭
ټ޴룬ȷѡܾ֮ǣҲû뵽˲ٸ壬ȥٴ󶦣
¥ϣмᶦ˶ɫ
ضĿתŹ㳡ٶ꣬ڶеȺ˶ͶԺĿ⣬ʼִϡ
һֱŴ󶦣ֱæҵк¡
һ¥ﶼĴԲػص棬̳ɢȫž
ضߣ˴ɤＷ־ɣⲻܡ
δţ¶΢ЦĿƵ͡
ҵСǣúá
ϳ˵ĻΪƬ̺Цˡ
һμЦ
緢ҫҰԷâ


42 
պ, ѧǰۼ˴ѧӡ
µĴǰУ˱ţţżȥ¼ȡ
̫ˣұ¼ȡˣұ¼ȡˣ
Ҫô͵ｻ
⼸֡ŮѵŮҲҪһϿΣǶҪˣ
˵Ůרŵѧ¥ѵѧ廨
һǧ˰ٶ, ֻ¼ȡǰ٣ʣµôôأ
Ǵ̻Ļ, ̻˺˵, ȥʱҲһ̡
Զַѧ֤Ļѧǰһվ, ԭΧΧĺѧӷ׷Է, ɫؿ
ʲô, Ķѧ¿һۡ
, ݰ˾
ѧϼ֤﷭, Ƭ̺, óһŷľƵݸպ˰ûѧ֤Ŀѧ˻ѧ
Զдòѧ֤ɨһۣ뻳, ʵ֮ǰ˵ѧṩʳޡ
ɫ, ָһָȥȥϿ

Զ˳ָķһѾ쵽ѧ֤˻ѧţΧŴŲԶһۿ, ۷׷ס
ȥһ, Ĵֱʽ, ĿľǶˡѧձĸ, 


43 
λڶ񾩹꣬պȻ, һոµҡ
Χ۵ļ, Ŷ̺ͼ׳꽫޴ڡ񾩹ϡ
ﲻǹ𣿡ɫVֵ̲סʵ
ǹ񾩹δ, Թá
ûָӹƵһ߷ˡΧ۵ļ˹˹, Ц
񾩹ؽԵޣλ, һؽл
Եޣϻ𣿡
Цλ޺㣬ȱһɡ
ؽǶأ̽ѯʡ
Цеϲⶥ
ҵȪղ£һŲʨèèβ
ȥСˡ˵
СƺĻһ, ϳԶܣݼ, ȥ
ɫ಻ϣ¥, ѩǹʨèζèβ, Ȼϸݼ
ͥԺһ, ˿֦Ҷïʢ֫׺ĵĴشػš
СݼϺ֦, 䡣
ȹŮȥָϵһۻ, ָѩ, ˳ϸ塣
ԭΪӵп, ԭˡ
ɫγԣ
Ϊй֮𣿡
Ȼˣؤ֮ңһҲܳΪ⻨꣬ͬһϵģе˹ϣеȴƮǳˮΣǶһĶûб֣֮
ȻΪûйôΪӦԲŻΪŮӦԵΪأ
ضָŻؿİ֮ϡ
⡭ʵһ㶡
Ȿѧ֮Ľ̵ѧӣѧӱѧӣŮ֮֡вţŮе¡ľӣҲٿˡ
ɫ΢ˡ
дúܺãֻдȴԶûпͨ˷
ǹ˵Ů֮΢ıˣ
ƪָеŮֻ֮ΪҲϲ֮˵ȴΪϲض̧ۣȻֺôǷ֮֮λҲ˶ã
һѪɫʧؾͰݡ
΢
һϣ˵Ļ
ضϵĲյɫƽ޴⣬ȷˡô
Ĭúɫת࣬ŭ΢֪ⷬʵףҾһ˵ǿҪŤת΢۵㣬ɱ䣬˵
ŭĿӵضȻɫ
֪Ȩ֮˵ǴӺʱʼ
ʼں壬˸Ӧһ˵
Ҳض˵ȨڣܳʱѾڡ
һƮ轵ıݴڲϢע²յ
ݡ顷أˡ֮ڻϵۡͬһʱΪϵۣ׷鼰˼֪ΪҪǿ졯Ĵڣ

ضֹɫȵĲ΢΢һЦ֪
ˣֿ֪ΪҪš졯Ĵڣ
ߵȻЧ˵ʲôʲô
Ϊ
һ͡
ΪȱɵĻᡣ˿̽˼ΪܹоգɽҰѼĽ벻ǣ
ǡ
ѧ֮Ϊ˶о׻Ҫһڿڳԣ·ҪһߡɰգҲˡֻҪһһͬʵӣöӣһɳΪʱȻ˼Ȼ޹𱰣ô֮֮ںδأ
ѩǹʨèض˫ȣͷḧʨèѩ׵ëƤ
Ůӵÿһ仰ᣬȴƽؾס
ʥ֮Ϊʥˣơ־СڣǴʡֻҪʲ裬Спأ
ඥٴιڵأʵ
΢޶ۣյùһϯʤʮ飬΢ȥԺһǱ޸ģزùʧڶΣ
ضʨèϥ¡ǰһԷЦ
ұˡ
뿪Сڵϳš
ض£ƣʨèСı𣬷ϥϡ
ḧʨèѩͷŴΰʨèȻܰ
𣿡Ц
ʨèŻԲĴ۾~
ٹãܻˡЦʨè˳°ͣҪԡ

£ڿʲô
̷**ͷվԺϿ
ߴϣ뿿Ŵ׳֦ɣںڵ˫Զҹա
ʹ
ܿ𣿡
ϵûлش
Ѿûˣٶһɡ
ԨӺӦһ
̷һ߲ʪһ˵ᣬ֪ڸʲô軹ûϴͰѴʵʵ
ϴ߹ȥһϵĲ
ʲôأܾӣһת۾ʹ˴
̷ɵؿ˫֣ʲôأ
Ǻǡûʲô㿴˰ɡˣûϴ
Ҫˮ㣬κ̷ۼֿ죬ڨЦҪ̷߾ʱ̷Ȼ֡
̷ôģ
˴ᣬ̷Ƴһͼڵ͸ˣ㾹Ȼ
תͽеĻϵꡣ
Ԩһ֣Ƚס˷Ļ
£ӣ̷⼱
Ѿ˷ĵ
Լѣֱ׳˶˵ʳɫҲҿ㻭ôˣ
ͨĻ㡪̷ߵصһۣתֿϵ꣬£
еĻѾһ룬ҳУʼģ·𿴵ĲǴʲô֮Ҳ
̷ֻֿĶûصֲĵĶ
ҿڿͽһ¡ʲô˼ģͼѣǻ˵Ҫȥ仨¥ء
߳࣬īߺڣȺĵһ˻죬ɵڶݣ
˵˵ôأ˰ɣһԺҵУߵתһ֣ܣңȥˣȾԺλʥˣ
û˵ʱҪе£ݣ̷ɸ֣ڴֵͷһѡ
Ӵ̷̫˰¶ƽϣƽʲô
³֣˳ȥæ˳սסڵϵĻӡ
û˼Ԩޱ顣
ôû˼أ㡪
Ԩ̽һ´˼ĵĶͱ̷Ͻ̻ӵĴñӣĸϽݡ
Ժ־ˡ
ҹĻ£Ƕ¹һĨףӸһڣ¹䣬ǲ֪ȥ
Уһƺâ
ŷذףԴеĲ˹ģָתΧָ⴩еө
ľͷŨڵҹɫ
ʹ
ŮƭӽҲƭ
ҩ
ЪϢ

ܣһȥðɣ
ڴզզԨذףգص档
ҹôѰСܡ
ĵĸУһ׮ı
µúͷ²յ߹ѾãԽԽǿǲԻؿͷﵽͷϡ˸ֱ棬¾ͽˡԣӦòѰɣ
һֱ練ƣĵһֺã߹˴˼£Ȼǵȴ治˵ְһף˷͢ϣ˭ǽԣ
ԣȻǱ˵ġµú촽Ц˵ЩӵģֻҪñף˭⳯͢ˡ
´˵öԣ
µúĵҲϽվˣٺһ裿ְЩϺõ硭
ˣѲ°ãȻǵ֡ҲΪԼġµú͵
л´ˣл´ˣ
ɣˡ
µú˦ӣȥ
ĵһ·ͷЦݵؽµú
ٻصԺʱһ»͵͵Է̽ͷ
游𣿡̩ʡ
ˣˡǡĵֱȥЦݣ˵СΪµ磬¾˼ɡ
̩ſһۣ˵š꿼˹ˣ˰Ĺλһᡣ
л£л£
ĵЦ˻
һţܿ죬˶϶Ů˿
ĵתͷĸ˵˶ϳȥźˡ

ĵתһԵ鷿
ľŸŮ޵ٶȾá
ĵɫݣߵǰʥ֮


44 
¥񾩳ܴԹľ¥, ˵¥³˳ǳؽģ껹ŷΪһ³
Ǽ, ¥³˵ȷһǳ¥, 񾩳ڵĵڶ¥
Ҳǲɿڲμͬԭ֮һ, ¥Ǵ, ʵںóԡ
ƹѲ, ϲ֪Ϊ̸ֻһ£ǹŹҪеĻ, ͷԸͣ
ֻ̽, ǡ󱦻˵, ת˶жصϰ, Щ˰һ͵ģ
ʱĽЩõ, תһ룬Ͷ˺̥, Ҳϱ˺£ʲôĽģ±Ͷ̥, ⱲҲ²ˣ
ǰЩȥ㣬һ׮¡
Ϊѳ, Ͷ󸻴֮ҡ
Ӽ˾ҵŬ͵Ĳ, ˾ϵһ, ԼƱĬĬһڡ
ְ, Ҿһ
æ֣ˣҲȾơ
㲻¾ľƣǲǻԹϴε£޵鲻ãײ˲֣ҶͬţĪҪ֡
һ󸽺˶˵ؿһЦ𡱡ʶϡͿģǰľƱͿֿΡ
أһӲģţյκģϵѲ˶ԧ컮ˮ
ְ˵ǰЩ׮ڤ飬𣿡
ǴҪȥ˺üõҸϱ˵ʲôصҲµ
ڤô䷨δѡ𣿡
İȻǴˣµ˼ӾͿŮʮӾһƯġ
üʮһڼﵱӣ
ΪȺ£˵ӾڲߣΧһۣѹ޵ͱҲﶤڹײȥˣˣڤŽóɣѾ˵ˣôȥ˵صף˭๫
ɥĲ񣡡ҲͲס
Ӱҡεͬţŭ㲮ǼֱڲҪȥ桢ǣ
ȥ˭Ӻ£ֱ׳ŮӺȫҶ֪ģҲֲû񡪡˵ˣĸ֮ý֮ԣõòá֪һũ֮ŮõǸˣ
õòá֪Ҳǰˣ𣬲ܳɹҲܳڤ޲ɼⲻڽףɱˣ
˵͵ظˣ
ûʲôظΪһ˽׫Ķ֪֮˰ˣ
ҪνתͶ̥Ӧ
ˤ˾ƱŭɶתͶ̥Ӧ˳ɻ֮˵˵ĸƶӦϵ޻̸֮
Ҽž
ԭֵľ¥úȻһ˫˫ԾͶ
һõϵȫǰһΣһƨӣֻ

ʲô
ضͣΪ̫ףٶдķ𾭣̧ͷȲߵǰͼڱ
Ϊλᱻռࣿ
ڱһһȿ첽ߵǰ·˼Ļԥ˵
Ϊڵ¥ơڱСĿضɫ˵
̼ææ߽޵ˣºͼλع״۸Ťʥ֮ԣԱ´󲻾˵
˵ʲô
˵͹УֺϽΪһɣԲָʹϲ죬¡в֮ġ
ض֪鲻ã±վ
׼Σȥع

ڱӦ߽꣬޵ɫһ
̫롣
׼ˣĿĵȴֻܸĳ¿
ضһ˽¿Ĺ˶ֻǰȴ
ķٿǰͣãȴʼûг¿һѪڵĹޣ˾һ죬޻
̺ڱٿǰתڱֿۺʨ͵ɫţһȭԼϣɫա
һ̧δ·Ծͣػɴӽ¶Դɵأأ
ū澲μ˹
ǻأأػɲͷ
ڱͽ̶һۡ
˹ңغ͹ҲвԸ˶ò׼ҪҪʵ档󣬻ڱ̲סͶҽѹ¿һʱʲôûе˵˳
𷣣ūݱ΢Ӳū澶˹ȥǷ񰲺ã
ڱÿӣϹ˸񡣽̼ҲŹ£˹ˣ
ʲôȥһʱˣ
˹ɫһ䣬½ֱ¿š
ǰĹͭǽڣ˵ʲôҲ
ÿǹҪĸػɼôС
˹˵Ĳԡ̫ߵĹùúЦ̫ʴȣֿӵķϣ߹ǼȥһͣɾͲһˡ
ºͣ˵һ㲻С
ػɼȥ¿޺һţʼӲ¿Ĺ˼æ˹˳ȥӣڱͽ̼״Ҳӿȥ˹Ӫ
¿ǰʱһš
ѽ
˹֪˭һѣۼžҪԳ£ˤʯס
һֻһţȻ¿˱һ߷ɡ
ս˲ת

¿ңһ𴿽ڼ̳ϱעض
ڱĵשϣ˫ϥһʼĴʹ𽥱ľ
λ̫Ŀ飬ɫ¡
ˣ̫󿪿ڡ
ԵĹùõͷص̫󣬹ȥһʱˡ
̫ۣ俴ϵض
ڵϵӰҷڵصɴ޶׹һ޹ѩ
Ĵ÷ޣŮӳȴɽʯᾣֻںڵĳڷ
ض֪ˣ̫ʡ
֪ˡ
֣ΪһȴȹĻӻҪ㡣ҪѧǼ£齻͢ǰˣҸֲôҪԲͽȥץס˱ӣ
̫飬ü
Ŀڹ˵Ҫдѧ֮ģ𣿡
ǡ
ȥعͻʵ˵ǲҧҪд֮飬дʲô㲢֪顣
ܡ
̫ȫۣ뿪αŭȾõ̴ӡ
˵ʲô
ȷǶдѧ֮顣ض̧˵ڴʱˣպ˭Ϊã
Ҫ㲻ˣҪдЩ治㲢֪飡̫ŭѧպתˣ㲻Ҫˣ˵ѧﻹŮӣֱŮܺôһд֣ͬͬǵҪҪˣҪҪˣվͰѧŮȫͻؼУҲʲôѧϹϵ
ˡܡ
̫ŵʲô
ѧո𲽣ڴʱֲܣοѧеŮ֮ȻͬͬͬλŮѧӶǴǧ֮ѧڿѧϰн޲Ե޹ʾѧ
ΪŮӣһĲ
̫һŭȣѻȸ
̵ķضͷɹǽҳ촷¡
̫Ϣŭ
̫Ϣŭ
Ĺ˹һء
˻ֻ֣̿ض治ɫ
ͷɹʱ۶ûգһ¡
̫ŭӣڵ
̫ҲŮӣŮ֮ףӦŮӵĿࡣǣ»ǧǧ򣬱̫󣬱ңڳ˶Ҫ༸ʮٱŮӣһ۳ɫʯ׼ȥɱ˷涨ɱ˳ǵӴɱȴֻ跣ǮͿ£ŮɱұɷȴҪܼ֮࣡еˣֻʮͱĸײģΪѾɰ׹ǵѳᣡ˵˼ޱߵĵ
ض˫ȱ߬ԽԽؿȴԽԽ
ʮָģĵʹֱͨǻ
ʹȣʲô
̫ǰΣæסͷߵĹùüæ
̫ϢŭӰ
㡭ǽ֦ҶӵŮȻԼЩ¼ŮᲢۣ˺ǲͬģЩϱӸȱ£ⱲӲŻͶȱ¼ŮӲͬͺ㲻ͬҲͻǲͬⶼע˵£
ָ̫ŭɶ
ҿǺͲǰ治һˣĹƻʧǣ˵Ҫֳʲô£˰ѰҵĽ
̫ߵĹùȥһᣬʱжһľС
̫ȡߣضǹұ̫ڳ󣬲ٹʻѧһ£ҲһΡ
ÿһ˫۾ضϡ
ż̳ϴȴ󱯵ǣ¶һȱƽЦ
֮΢ɽөĩ⣬¡δ֮У
ˣ̫ŭȵ
ض˫֡
ʮ԰ѩָһۣĽ£˫ֻʲô
̫󡭡ߵĹù̲ס˵
̫ŽߣŭĿŹڵϵˡ
ضݲ԰ףɫƽǶɴɴΪΪһҲһ㣬޾⡣
֮УҪһá
̫òֻҧҧ´ȥ
һӾ⴫̫Ľջأһ⿴ȥ
һ뾲ңûӦʱѾסµĽߡ
һɫֻķǰɫģԿɼëߡ
Ԩضסˡ
Ԩ̫֮䣬һˣֽߣ֮
֣̫־ŭأ˭׼Ƿ˽ģ
̫Ϣŭ̫Ϣŭһ׷ĹǱ׵ط׷׹£ūǷžŻӽǾŻǿдѽ
㻹֣̫ŭȵ
š
֣̫òɫǺ죺ѵ㻹԰Ҷֲɣ
˭ҶҾɱ˭̳鱯ں͸ϵһƬɭңɱңɱˡ
Ԩ̫мʵʵɱ̲סɿߣطΡ
ûһѵ˻ỳ˵м١
ʨӾ֪ܣͬҲɱ
һͷ¶ޣ˶еһɳǺ⡣
ֻҪһһڣ˵û˿Զ
һ죬͸ĽԨжѡ
ŵصɴ۾
̫־ŭ촽϶£ŭԨȴ˵һ仰
ʱŸϵػңûһţ߶ʮһȹΪ
ĸҡҵĶҪˣȾҵĶɣ


45 
߳¿֮, ΪǰʵʯףضЩˤȥ
޻˫ϥǲԼ, ոͲǰԵ
Ԩۼֿһѽס, Աߵػָһ룬˾Ѿ˱˻, ɿһת˷Լķ, 
, һȺؼʱ̣ñ֡
ػתŹʩʩȻˣض˵, лˡ
Ҳûأ
ػͷҲأţƵģȫһţһغ, Ǳж׷˦ȹڴ󲽳ˡ
Ĺ󼱴Ҵҵ׷ֺĽӻںأ
һ, ͷǰ塣
ػɵĽ׷ػԶضٴ̨, ȸһ, ϥǴʹһʹ
治ɫ, ʹ, һ룬һӰǰ

վ̨£˵
ضһ㶺ѡȥ
׾ٵر壬첽ȥ
Ĺڱü̿첽̨ףԷǰɫ޴Ĺ˵̧ϽӣԶԶϹ
Ĺϣһˡ
֮΢֮
īҹɫȾŹμһˡ
ôˣضϣ˵
շ١ˡ
ضЦǰæͷӦҲˡԨǸ
õǸŤûе㡣
ضͷЦ°ͣҵСǡˣˡ
Ĭԡ
ӵķ°ͣȴ˴š
ɫ£ĺҲһĨ¹⡣
ôᣬô䣬ô˭óǿջЦ
ҡ
ȻڣͳȾһ˿ҹĻİɫ
ʲô
˵ʲô㻹ҡ˵һվߣԶ
ضһ㶡
ĿǰüǺͱɽ飬Ҳɽ͸һ档
˫Įںͫϣһ˳ĽëӤһƽֱϸܣ޺
ضȻ֣Ľë
һϸɨָȻͬᡣ겻֪ԣںڵͫһĨ밵ӳӰӣԼЦݣ˵
ΪߣûԶ
صͩضʼʩ
ļҾӵ𣿡
Ȫѽ˽ӵׯ
½Ӻȥأ
½ӺѾͲżϤ١
ڴаŰ׮𣿡
һǵˡڱͷҪ𣿡
ضƬ̳Ĭ
£ضò£ڴµź޵
µԽǾòҪԽѻԣΨһıǵȴ
ȴѡ
飬ȫ
תļҾܵȫı
ǲŲסˣҪҪ
ء

ڱı鲻޳ɣʲôҲû˵ˡ
޵ֻʣ˺һִֻ˹Ҫϵȹӡضס֣ǿ𴽽ǣЪϢˡ
Ԩ񼡸̧࣬۳
㻹ûвҩ
Ҫ˵ȥ˯ա
Ȳҩ
ԨٴͼȹڣضȲȹձϥϷƴһѩдĿġ
ָĨҩ࣬Ϳϡ
һ쳹޵
ض֣ʶ̧ͷӳ޴롣
ЦţֻЦݣ޶ѹ
ҲѰ梵Ļ𣿡
ֻҩ
˵ˣҪù񼡸࣬˵ȥ
ȥ˵ۣҲȥŵĳĬ
κĽŲ߳޵
ûȥ
ضһ˴ţԽǼѵʱԽһ˴šÿҰ޶ԽʱԽܵһֻһˣҲֻһˡ
ΪߣûԶǲԶ
ҹšҹĹһ޴ķĹסѾȥˣͼȥˡ
ʱĸչڱӵ߽
һһ˵ߵУȹȣŲ˽ţ˶޺ǰ׵
Ըдܸ湫֤ʡ֮Ծˡ

С˵ڱ˶٣˵ʿΪ֪޾޻ڡ
޵ھ㣬˲֪ãͷŴĻӦ
֪ˣȥɡ
ڱºĽ˽
ҲȥɡҹˣЩϢ
ض״ƽЦ
ϥǻûҩĺʳҲûüԣҡ
ض΢ЦǵĻᵫɵ˵ȥɡ
ֹǵı뿪޵
ˣûҪ֣Σˡ
Ӧøеɣȴ˿ûСб֮ǰĶѹؿϣȵ
һˣһͬˣΪԭ磬ޡ
̧֣Ϣ͵ؿڡǻлգŴѹֵؿ˿ȣÿʱһƬѪ졣
ȡߵ֣ȼӽ̡ͭ
˿ʵǰڣڷıԵѸ˰ɫľ˿˿սζУȻڽһԼԼ
Ǽ͵
߳ĳ£һˡ
ԶԶģӺԺСƮ
¹⣬һߵС⣬һմ¯ҵ꣬üͷһصذŹмýƵļ
ڸֱӵ׷𣿡
԰ɡԵڱҲɫأ𷹶ǰѵŪٵ׷ġ
ǹ˵ĵ˵Ȼǵ⵰Ӧò鵰
Ҫȵȥԣڱ˵Ҫǲԣ
ѵʢȷټ嵰顣
ضС˶̶Ȳһһ
˵ʼʢˣԹɫ˳С
ض߽Сð׷ȻɫںҰһᣬµƵļ嵰
顭𣿡ȵ̧ͷ
š
˵ֻӦһĬԵأһڡ
³
ɫѿҪضס֣˵ԡ
³һ롣
ԡ̧ؿ۾Ҿһ롣
׵ͩ޵ҹᴵŰɫĴɴ
ضȥнڣȻɢ޺ζĵôҨһ
Ŀתؿ࣬üͷһ𣬺޲ʱе׺һ
ôʰ梣뷹òóԣЦ
Ʋߣ˵֪óԡ
ûô֪ߴٵʡ
ó𣿡
ǰ梳ԹóԵһ뷹

ֹ˼֣ضϡĩβ֡ƭӡ
˵ܶѻҲ˵滰
оͰ¡
ġ˵梻ôãҳԹóԵһ뷹
ҹ˾һ·ϣŵƮζ뵽ʲô
ʱ˵ʲôأ
ضһڽһڵųĵҰģʲôȵĶӿ˳£Ҳ˷ҲûС
޴룬ȫҲһᣬֿϻҲң˶٣Ȼ첽ߵǰı߻ء
ضҪʲôѾñ
ű
˵ѧҪˡ
ë׵Դ͸ļϣ󱳴ֳȣ͸ǵĺ⣬תͷԺǸķȻøס
ˡ𱻵ϸǣѹϵ顣
һӣض΢Ƶ
ˡٿޣҾ͡
ضڱЦΪһμ˴ֱĲַ
ô
ӱⱧԴѹļϣҲ֪ûнҡ
ضҿӣȥϵңں峺۾˵
梶ҷƢ㲻ô
ѹ
ǣ梶㷢ŭ㲻ѹ𣿡
ֱؿߺرܣںڵֻһǰ¸Һ̹ϡ
ֻҪ㲻ѹҾͲѹ
һĵһһڵطʳˡ
ضڴߣȹϥϷţСؽѪҩͿ˫ϥ
ⳡǰҲֻǻߺҽߵĽɫԵһ顣
һ˲ضȻˡ
СĳˣñԤеĻҪǿ׳ͣеʱѾܹͷ
ڣ˳ضǰ޷¶һβ
ֻҪ룬һ˲Ϳȡ
ֻҪ롣
ضȻ֣ͻļǡ
ָµһ飬ͷܿˣ̧𾪵ƺŻˡ
ض˵Ҫµ
š
Щʧ
ضʣ㲻Ҫʲô
ͷϵɫȹ·ѩ׵˫ͣһ˲ȹҲڿ˶ݵһ˲
ʡߡ
һϲһ壬ͷͼͷ໥ˡ
ֱѧǰһЩ׳һЩߣȻΡĴɽȥ˴ǰһ¹⣬Ҳȥһ糾
ߣҾ
һĨâֹѾһͷ
ضǶϷҪҪĴˣ֮ǰѾԺµڶͷ
ͷд˸ᣬսᣬ˵
ԨģضӰΣͬġ
ض֣µ˵꣬̿
Ϊʲô
꽫ᷢС뻳УҲ˵һ
ضЦ
һֻСӲŻԶڶͬô˶󣻵ᷢҲܽġ
°ͣЦ˵
㲻úöĽ
üͷҲġ
ҲС˵ֻᷢܺӽᣬ梲СŵǣҪÿһŵ梾ҪһͷٶͷҲġ
֣Ѱ梵ͷ
üͷܲ

ضȥãֱ뿪޺ɴˡ
¶޿κε΢Ц̡
Ƭ̺󣬽̼Ҵҵ߽޵ۿæͷӡ
ʲôԸ
ҵߺл𣿡
һ㶣Ӧڵġ
ȥٴӿⷿȡһƥ֯˿
̲ԵȥˣãߺкͲ»
Ҫʲô̺
ңɰ
ϲŮ𣿡
ض֯˿ϲһ˵ĴС
ҡҷ£߷ĵ΢Ц⶯ҡ
Ҳϲģֻ˿Դ¡


46 
ԭء
ԺʢĴ޾, 񱻿ĺ˪лҶӡ
յʱ, ´ūͷ׷ײӰŽգһĴڴ
񾩹ѱ, 㻹ִԲ, ȫҺһ𣿣
ƽڱĵש, ϥһֱȫ͸
λĸ, ף񾩹ڴ, ӱ빬, һɣ
УԭȻŭһķ, ŭҺĸѾͳ¼ҽ, ʱɻ顣֮ǰһѾµҲٵ, һ£һڸԿ㣡
ף
ƽԭŭȸǹƽĿŭĿԲָŵɫʹطƽŭȵΪǰǶһ棬ŻԽԽڰȫ֮ˣ
סƽ
Ϊ񾩹ֻΪҪ񾩹Ϊ񾩹, вŻ, ģº, ˭Լӵģ񾩹½ңֻԶûеѡ񣡡
ԭµֹסزջָŷƽ֣ӷϣʹࡣ
ңƵΪʲôҲˣҲʲôҲˡΪΨһĶӣѵҲȢϲŮֻΪһΪ˵ͽΪ飬ǡⲻһ˵¡
˷꣬ʵѻΣλλʮ꣬λʱһλ˷˥΢鳼˭Ҳ˵׼죬պǸʲôģ
µ񾩹ĳͻأ񾩹ֻһŮӣպҪˣ˱Ǳ˼ҵˡ۽㣬ҲΪµͻӶ£ȥǰѿٿںεأ
ƽֹ
һܵܣģܺԥȸš
ǷҴֻһӣܲ˱İ֮ˣĸףȰĸףԲڴĸָô죿
ԭϵĶӣ֣
ƽˣĵӣ񾩹Ե޷֣ա
ڣֻ

µմر࣬񾩳ġ
µϰ۷׷ף
˭ҽף
ǹӡóɻ飬ŮǷ뽵ĵճŮ˵±ӿһֱŵţųɡѲһ
⾩³׵˼һ治٣ǾԭҼҲ˵Ҫ°ѶӵĻ¸ˣ
һɫ԰׵Ůʱ߽ݣ˼ˣԼͬ½˳Ĭ
Ůߵƹǰ˵ʲôƬ̺ƹȡһֽĸɲݸŮӵͷлһӣʹߣϢȥˡ
Ů뿪ݺãݲ˵
˵ÿУÿ˵ͱ鶼ÿƶء
Ǿǲװɡ
ʲôģ
ǰϲ衭ģǲ֮ա
ԭѾȥʮˡ
˵ϥûжӣôˣ̼Ҿˡ
ıӦǰأԺҲֻܳΪ»Ұظա
ԽԽԶŲʬһС
ε΢磬ҲûʲôҲܹڷСԺһˡ
ֽܹȼ㣬ȼ죬ȫΪ˱˵Ķݡ
ƿƾɵľ߽ԺӣͲΨһŮף
꣬û˸ס
ϱһᣬ§סŮ
ףˣµŮ˵ָ
һ㶣̧ͷ
һŮӴǰ߳ȹͷֻһ֧Ȼ˹ˡ
񾩹ѿڶ
ض΢΢һЦ
ϵһμнͲһ󣬸ϱʹ
ض˭飬׵ģڱе˵ˡ
֪ǰдǱϧϲ֪顣
ض㹻ϺŮһ̸̺߳ǰǰס
߳ӣعͣڣȪվͷǰŶڵ֦ŪƥСŮ
ΨһŮƺ׸ѾԶ뿪ضڲ̸Ⱥʱ䣬̸˵أչʾصļŲɫʯͷͷѿˡ
Ů֦м͵ҶӣƾնƥͣǣͷҪȥԡ
СС£ŮЦཱུͣ¶һѡ
ضֹȪԳСŮЦ˫ۡ
Ůе֦һһ
ض§סǰСŮЦ˵ϲ𣿡
ŮʪĴ۾˵ϲ
ضϲСŮ
ǻʲôûѧ֪ŮҪϸ֪ŮҪ΢Ц֪ŮӺвͬһòͣҲ֪ŮҪȣҪҪΪ檲͵¡
ʲôҾͰ͸㣬òã
ŮɫԥƬ̺˵Ǽ˵ֻд˼ҳв˵С˼ңҡҲϲʺζ˰ɡ
źıֻŮͣһᣬ۾ҿ԰ָ㣡
ʲô
ҽвִŮǲ˲˵ĲˣǲĲִ̣ŵִ˵κ£Ҫִţ;ߣԶûгϢ
СִϣһгϢ𣿡
ϣ
ԭСִϣ͵һ˰
㣬СִĵǸгϢ𣿡
ִ޹Ĵ۾ؿ
˫֪µĳۣ֮ͬĵӣƬضϡ
ʱÿȥһ̣˫۾ʹȥһƬѪ⡣
ʹָȴֻ΢Ц
ֻģ΢Ц
Сִĵһ¸ҡʵϾ˶ҪˡʱΰˣǰͷǺڰǵĵһ⡣ʷ˻Զס㱣֤𣿡
סСִָе֦ʵСŮֱʱһĨį
СŮضʳǸԶ˶˵п⡣
ˡʲôʱŻ
ض΢Цһֶ˵
һſڣϵ΢Цͻֱ
Цŵͷκ̧ͷӭŮɻߡ
Ц˵ȥѧ𣿹չףֱΪ͵һ˲ˡ
ִҲ룬ͷãҪȥ飡ҪΪ͵һ˲ˣ
ضͷҪִȻ֦˵ȵң
ɱؼң˴Լһյʱ䣬СŮ˻óһд飬Ƿ棬ضϤ塣
ҵı͸㣡
ضֽӹִȻһЦĵ˻ȥ
Ȿд飬߳СӰ¶ʢ֮£дĿհ׵һҳķǰ
ʡ
ɷ֣Ũ˲һ
ʣƫ
زʣŵ㡣
ʣŵ
ʣҲŵԷչ
ʴˣʲǴʡֻһͬʵȥܼģʮжߣֻһˡиһ黳ȡ糾֮ˣҴ˷γˣҺγĺ˻ģγƽ
Уضʡ
󣬲Удһ֮
ŵƽʵǰͣ¡
ЦݵµУÿ˶»ͷһӵļ۸񣬾кϷʮ
ʲô
㲻ʲô
ҲãŮҲãÿ˶Ϊʱǿ͸ǽͷϵĶϰ˼ļҼԵõĻڿļ
żżһײ͸ǽҲͷϱԹ䣬Ȼ糣ȹһһ죬ֱľͷ
ǱѱļҼǵһǼҼ
ضЩѱ߹һȵ˽Ŀбӡ
˴Ŵ̩ҲΪҴܰٹٴӵµúͣԲ̵ִĴĵ
ʱϥǹѱȫȥȫ̲ܿ¶ʮ֣˲ΣҲ̶ãֱᣬ϶Ůִһ档
ضЦ˶¶ͣ½̸
㡭ôˣһģ̩һۣɫ¡
飬ģȻҪһϲơѵӭô
߽ԸȵܵܵϲƣܵвԸ˵˰񾩹һ
ɫҺ㣬ϸɺСעˮӿɱ
һߵһ̲סȥԽеľҺԽȡ
ƱˣԵݸ˵ָ;ĺǻˣǱһžȼյı
ʶضһֱ˵ĳֲηУʮηһ̺ȻѵǿЦۣ̹Ǿ⡣
Ц𣿿ЦΪ˵
ǰѻȸ
˶ǰŮӣݣ¼ϵĲ԰ףǳµһѩ貶Ŀע顣
ҶһüˮһͫףСɸͦıСһ촽
һűȳѩҹ¶ҪɰգȴƫƫűʯɽҪִּᶨĿ⡣
һ»ϲף³ɣշɻڴ
δü˵һ䳡滰ضѾоҺһ
ڶضԼùƺƱµúͣףһ֦Ҷïʢꡣ
µúüͷɫأͬ˵ͼоһ
һضЦųĵƱĵףƽƣϥ
ĵЦȴڶ
񾩹ϵ΢ЦɱоƱ𲶾Ѵ⣬񾩹ƣⱭľơ
ض治ɫظǡ
߳һͣ½Ų
ضתӭ첽߳µú͵ߡɫٴеؿ̨µض
µĶˡ
һһμ
񾩹ͻȻͻȻȥΪ⣿
Ѿ˵Ϊףض
Ҽ񾩹ڣΪأ
Ҿ֪´˺֮У
ˣͬϳ촰˵ҼͻѪ𣬺αҪأµúҾֵѩΪ˾ϳСţԹһģǰӣͬϽ֮ã񾩹Ա£¶Ǵĺһ׮ѽ
ˣǴһ׮ض˵
ˡµúٴҾ֣ϴ΢΢Ц⡣
ǵû´ƺֻһӣ
ǡȮݣ͹൱ƥ䡣
Ǳף´һ䡪綫ضЦ
µúᣬŭĿӵ񾩹ѵ㵱ҪΪ𣿣
ΪУ
񾩹Ѿµú׷̨󴫳һᣬĵЦ
˳ſÿϡ
´ˣӲΪС
Ȫعա
ݳĶ̡һޣɫԶ븻ûʵ
У
ض̧ޱ顣
ûеˡ
У֮СҲӦиߡ
Ϊ˵ĵߡ
̤ߣ㲻Ϊˡ
Ȳˣ㲻ĵˡ
δйˣƤĶ
Щ˼޷ƣµûϵ
ܿ죬ͻ
Զûʲôطȵʡ


47 
ʱֵ, ޴Ĵ˿ѾֻʣǼ֦֦ķм֡
ůϮ, ηǱ֦ͷ, ڽȹ
˿޺, һĿŮӡòi֧ͷƺѾ˯š
ԺһŮһ, СС, ޺ͷ, ½Ӻվ˹ؾأȴһСŮӡ
µȺȻٽŲĴҴҵڱ͹Ƶһͬ롣
½ӺͳͶȥһĿ⣬ʾǷŲ, ʵ, Ŀѣڿ֮˵ʱ, ̾ͷŻ˽Ų
ڱ͹Ƶߵ޺ǰòǷҪѹ
ڴʱ޺ϴһ˵ա
ض, ˿˯⡣
Ž̵һƿڴϡ
ƽǶ˲鵽ʲô
ڱ͹Ƶһ, ڱǰһ, ͷū澿ʬ, Ůļ, ʬⶼ˲̶ͬȵ˺ַСƽϵơ
·Ͽ£
ģū澿׵ʱĹѾȵºūְѹľԭȥ˷ġ
˱áضĿͶһߵĹƵ
Ƶʱڣ˵Ҳ鵽ĵϵǳĵͶһ˼ǣ˽У»µúͣԴ˲֪顣˵ĳϣĵƲϵ·𲢲ʶ
ҾãĵӦǰŮ׸Ůļ£һڣԾ͡Ƶ˸һغĶ
ĵ֮޿֪飿ضʡ
һ£Ӧ֪ġƵ˵⼸ÿ춼ȥΪŮ˲Ǯóĵμ꣬û̺ǮϼȻǰĬŮ󣬿¸վ֤
Ȼˡ
ضδ䣬½Ӻ˳ǰ¡
²ţԡ
˵
ϼ֪飬ֻҪõ֤ʣָµΪĵˣǼܶµһ㣬µ˼ϱѶһ棬ҡµġ
Ƶ̲ס˵˵Щ˭֪ǣôõϵ֤ʡ
½ӺͳͶȥһۣòҲò
㡪
Ըһԣ빫׼
Ƭ̺ض˵ȥա
½Ӻȥض¶ĹƵЦ
Ƶһƣû˵ԸթΪʲôҪ
ֵõĲܡ
ǣ˶Թġ
̷ӣƵͶȥ𱸵һۣ๹֮
Ƶһţæ޲ضСĲң
޷֪ġض˵ͬǿ֮ˣҲģȻǲͬġǵģľٶп֮ʱˡ

ƵЩûйϵضҪľ
ſɶƺ֮
ضЦ޴Ҳһʱ䣬Щʲôţ
Ƶ˵ûʲôرģʨϻ˲١
칫ϰ𣿡
ʲôϰߵģɱҵƲݺöˡ
ǾͲȥôضЦеʡ
Ƶһ㶡
ӽ𡪡ЦȪֱο޴ʹԱ顢鱨ѼƷȣٺһƷ󳼣⹫ǿ޴Ĳ𡣹ƵԸ⣿
Ƶһ飬лƵԸ⣡ƵҵùʶһϹѣйʧ
ضЦȥա
Ƶ߳ԺʱȻκġ
Ǹ٪壬һֻϷ̨ӹ˳Цȡֵ٪塣ǹ
ġҲꡣǹĸˮ
жۣ˽ţлݣŮ࣬ʹ֮Уǹ˱ӣˣֻܱϳǳ뾮С
񾩹ǡ˵ʥˣûʥ˵֮ҲҲδһȷԣµʥֻһ˾ǰ
½Ӻͣš
湫½ӺͣؼǾͽԴϲ½ӺԹ
Ǿȹһء

պͨµһС·ϣ⵽һͷߵĹ˽ٳ֡
ϺźѾڳﾪ겻϶ҲҶϵذԴԴϴ͸ǵ⡣
Ī£²Ǵˣ˺˺κ˵ߣҲΪݴֱɣŻˡ
ذջأ߹˿ڣɳƵͳӴϲƽƤϹֻҪ΢˼һɤӾʲôĥܱͱǿüŵذ׸¡
Ͼ彻ӵؿµĺɫ飬˵㡭ʲôˡ
½еģ˿Խ½ġʲô½Ӻ΢΢һЦϱ֪
ʱ֣½Ӻʹϵ֤ʣ붬ůͩ
ǰԶĵط£밲̴д֤ʡ
õضǰǺͷҲ̧Ȼ֤ŵ䡣
дֽһ翵ī֣ɸѶķ𾭣ɫ
˵ա
½ӺĿü
ĵˣԭֻǸƷةиӣ¸ŷУȢС檣ĵͨŷµĴĵң°ܻΪֺŮ
Ǻʼһ٣Щдֽϵīš
ضʷβʯϣ̧˶
ǡ½Ӻ͵һʼֻŮһΣŮıԷϽȰ裬Ҳۣ֮󡭡ʱŮʱϣʱĸŮһͬ
̱ҪŻ¡
ŮȷѲ˹ϵŮǰһ죬賿ʱŮˣһֱĿۡϵŮȥĵĵй¶ȣҲֻŮߣƭ˵Ѿȥ򡣴ԼʱŮıȥĵҪ˵ĵʶ̧٣;洦Ϊɣһ١ĵΪƲɣ⽫Ů֮£زɥֻñ鱣ʬȵݲʱŮѾʼá
ߣ̲סŭ˶񶾵ˣǿԼĹѪ
½Ӻ˵ĵŮ鲻ëͬһңΪһһŮĵĶӼΪ谮ÿ壬ëͬ̽ŮͶŮ
ҽëͬۼԼɷŮģٸԺĲǧĵԱӵģŮϴޣǱȥ͸Ʒھ˵ġʹȶȰдŽȥ֤ʡ
ض˵֤ʻ
ѾԼټ½ӺͻĲʱϰߣŹҾֵʱһΪǵ֤
áض΢΢һЦˡ
ҵ½Ӻ͵ͷΪǡ

յҪȥ½ģ
⸮УѾüϺҩʵ
ɫ԰ף촽࣬ƣؿαϣ˵һһɡ
üɫǣϵֱ۾ΪϢ
˽д֤ʣүպضŹˣҪúΪԼǡ
ϿЦѻ٣˵үĲңǻؼҡҲҡô㣬Ҳ·߰
ˡüȻ۾һˣҪ߰ɣʹ͵ЩΣū澶úòţ㹻ȥ鱡뼸ũΪˣ
ɵѾͷϺЦü˸ҲǸˣĸ⸮ңҲûպӡңػ
˲˵ЩüūΪūźǵȲҪĺӣūⱲӾϷΪүҪվû˷ˣͲüӣ
ϲᣬҪ˵Ȼ棺ˣүˡ
ϺüһۣԼͬе˿־塣
һҹÿ˶ﴫЪ˹Ŀ޺ͷŭĴ
ҹˣͣ⸮ݶϵĺѻչߣݶµҲͣˡ
ĵ߳ܿ˿ˣ죬һԵ鷿
У˲֪ãһ˴¹ϵĸѾü
ᣬűǰɫ࣬˫۽յˡѡˡ
ָ̽ϱı£Ƭ̺ü죬סҪĺޡ
ô
һŭȥĵվſڣŭĿԲɡ
ɱ㣡
üϵĲֽ޺ųĵͱȥ
ĵʶܣüÿĴų˳ȥĵʶԼмƣϴ󺰵˰üд̳͢٣ɱˣ£ۣ
üһ߿ޣһܣ׷ŭУûӳ⸮š
Ų·ӽһûгڵѺ󣬻ؿ⸮˴ŵŵȥ
ĵ٣ⱨӦģһⱨӦģ壬޼Ӵﲻϼÿһ䣬ܶһ˿ӳ
һŵ⸮˺ȻԻ谵СȤߵ˽
üԼƴֻʯڣ޿ˡ
ղ᳤ֹֽȻͷʲô
һͷܵһʱʧȥʶ
⸮ߵһͷؤһŲϯ۾
үϵģǳ𣿡
һˣҶһɵɨѡ
һˣ˭үҪСϱ𣿡ؤЦ̧ڵ䣬ʹŲһҷ·š
Ҷɫ˵˵д̳͢٣ɱǸϵĸǱˣҪǿ׽˵⸮ͣ
֪ˣ֪ˣСһ⣡ؤͷ
ҶԸת뿪˰СЩܷؤͣԹؼﳤʲôȴһûʡ
ѽо仰˵úѽЬҲһ˯ؤѾߵۣ˵СүҳͷصĻˡ

컹ûԭΪڹſ޴ҵĴžͱһؤˡ
ŵǸٵߣЦеģǸˡ
ˣ߼Цˡ
ϵңؤ
գǶӵ¹ʳָһָ׼ȷָն֮Ц˵㶼ԶԶۿţΪ˺°
ǻԵ𣿡ؤʡ
ա֪ޣ
֪֪ؤʣĹ֮ˣ
߲ÿɷЦЦճ޴ĹܼңҽȥΪ֮ˡ
ؤŲ´Ьģָ߽š
֨ѽһ󣬶ָֻƽ
ؤһΪһյ裬һСʳڹ¶֮ǰѳꡣ
ȪУĵһõؤſյҪ
Ȫˣߵλ£ɵؤڣ
Ҫ֣
ǣҪޣرԡؤЦ
һˣ˵ƵĻȪ޲˵˵ɣޣʲôޡ
Ҳ֪ʲôޣֻ֪ий
Ȫ̧һۣЩ
ʲôò
òѽ˵ؤҾʰ֮ӦûͦģġʰǾǲһʺճֳԼᣬ˼˴Ҳᡣ
޴ֻԵޣޣԵʲô
ɾʵˡްһֻߣһֻ//󡡣ǶϳһԽţҹĸϣߵʱһֻرª//ͣ//ͷڶǰıQQɽиͣ
ԵǶ//󡣿
ǵûСؤٺЦţһҲסƵģȣո˵ĵ쵽ƲЬӸͣ
ؤ˰죬Ȫע£ڷţЦүһû˵ء
˵
ޣûԵߺ//󡣬//ҪڵˡţôҲԵ//ɣŴŵӣʡ
ؤЦ
ֵټۣ
ȪԶԣκڵ湬У빫ᡣ
޴£Ų°ˡ
״ΣȪרߣеϢ
ϣضͼϸɾ·Ȼһµؤ
ȷʵҪޣ֪Ҫſϸ
ؤһȪʱɵʣױݡ
С˲ҪǮƣֻΪ޴Чڹ
ˡ
ضЦ
ӽޱΪߡ


48 
֨һ, ֻһ˳Ժſһ, һյŮľţвЦݵԺʯ
ʯǰ, һüͷš, , ȴΪζ
๫, ҸԵĶձ, ȵأҪҪڡ
ӱտڲ, ̧ػ˻ӡ
ŮЦһ, ջһ֣˵յ, һڳϳԡ
ɫƣŮɵغš
֪ô, ·ϼװ, Ƕһȥġ
ʼճĬӺȻڣǲμӰ¡
ʲôŮӾȷʡ
ķȥˣЩ, ȥĵƨġЦһ˵Ҫô˻, ټŮƷԱλ, ˭
Ůӹɫ, , Ц˵ҾͲ, ˵ڼ޸㣬ûʱҲһСˡ
̾һŮӵ֣ɫΣ䣬ңûӣҪܿˡ
๫˵ǽְô˵ǿЩҲкôѽ˵ֻбº͹ܳԵ֦洦ǣʱҶˣȥɽˮ֦кβã
¶Ц⣺䡭
ľȻ϶̸
£һ²࣬һ²٣侲Ƶڵľϡ
ߺˣŹۻʵ
ڵľһû󣬻򿪡

񾩹Żӣ
ܸŷһţЩĶŵ̱ϡ߶˸ĲĴתͷǰԺ˻ߵ
ȥүˣ񾩹;Żˣ
һض˱С΢˵ʲôҲλضòԨڻλˡ
Ѿ߽ðȲ͸ɫµġ
׼ܣֻһЩʳ֡һǸ
ûˣ˵ؾнضסĸ֣Ц游ĸ·ݷã˵游ĸ׼ȫǵʲôûУҲҪԴ
Ϸһοϰ߲ᷴסض֣סš
ӺδЦ
ȥ丮ϵ
һ㶣һΪ
ضЦЦĿתͶԵꡣ
Ԩ£ȴδ£ĵйһЩ죬ôҲǳ͢Ʒ٣ΣԨȥġ
Ǹˡͷ
ŻӵĸڴʬĿȫǣ񲿾ûһӦʽӼ򣬲ݲˡŻȥ丮ϼ桱Ҳ˵ùȥ
ϾŻҲʮˡ
ʮʱѿʼ佫
ɰΣڵжϵȥϵĴ඼µȥû˵ѣ
µţҲµú͸ڳ¡ҺԨȥʱϻû겻Ҽ磬
һǱá
ߵʱϻ䵽ˣѾ˵ϻ
ض̧΢΢һЦ
ˣҲȲ

Źۻ̤Ϊãƿǰ⸮Ҷλ͵棬ŰϲǮŷϡ
ˣ⸮˺һлĳ൨ġҪó⼴ûõƷ֥ٵƣѱӳ⸮˰գ
Źۻ𣡡ĵɫ죬ŭĿӵ׸ڴ˴ôǰʴʣ
˿¶ܴӵ¡
ʮ׷Ƥѩףһɫ໨Ƹۡһδȴһֽٳʮơ
ĦеϬȣŴҪ£Ҳѡʵĵط˽Ҳ徻
ŹۻһЦҽղ˵ⷬϲŻĿ
Źۻ㲻Ҫ̫ˣλ˭֪֮ǰң׸λӢ䣬ʶĹƣ㽵ְšĵŭڷڹǽҧ޹֮ˣ
޹֮ˣһ޹֮ˣ׸Ҳڴ˴Ѿȥе踱ŹۻӻȡһӣǰʮʷŹۻࡣ֪¡ҹϣͿͼһԸͼĵʮʥϣһլ
˽ǮծɧŽַ
󵳣ҳ
Źۻÿһڳ˵ɫͱһ֡
ֻɽƱ缸䣬ϵÿ涼žУеǼһ֪ۻǽʧĵһ֤
ʮɱŮŹۻ
˵
֤Ҳ֤ǲǺ˵º͸һ֪ŹۻЦ
ĵôӲһֱ쵽ĵɵ۾ҲȾһ˿ɫɨܣŽţ˻ߵ˶ȥˣҰϳȥϣϣ
Ӧ˶Ϊǰͻ־ˡ
ϬȣŹۻķһӥƵĿƤ
Źۻ֪ܸ泯͢ٵĽ
һǾ仰벻ǣ֤ﶼȥڸˣ׸ȿǰдµ״ʾЩʲôֵֵΪǰ˳Գ
Źۻɫ⹰˹֣תȥ
ĵ˫̱ʶҪԼĹҵ£еıӭ϶Էߵһ̾Ϳں
¿ĿĮڿһ֮õĿ־ĵĵðҡҡ׹˲ء
תϬȳȥ׷棬תۣԭΪþֻʣĵһˡ
ͨһϡ
ĵɫҰףֻһͷ
ˡ

ԭˡ
⸮£¶ɫ
ֻǡŹۻǴӺεĵ֤
ضЦ˭֪أŹۻǰĵɣ⽵ţ˾е˹һأ
ӵ˹Цֽסĵˣˡ¡
ضﴽһЦ͡
Ѿ߶Ź̽뻨Цλ£Ŀڿʣ볢ıϡһλѧǰôӹѧ֮һ
⿴ضЦ˵ĸһֱ߶ҪٳԣþˮţʱԣǱɿڡ
ĸȻҡ
ضһϷüЦ
ԨһԣޱعۿֵϷ̨
Ůƭר̴ˣֻϷġһҪʮ־Ůƭ壬˻Ǯ
Ѿ߸ÿǰһгɿ״ϣΪϵĹϿȥͨƣǹȿͨ죬Ѹںڣһ֭
Ԩڴʲô֮ʱضȻĹ۲ж
˫ֳ°ͣ濴еϡ
Ԩ
һᣬ˿һβסԨ֪¶š
ͼװ·ȻĿϣȻֺһ
Ԩ
˿ܲ͸һĲӣһЩģٽһı߶ȥ
鲻Ը̧ͷ
ţ
ضϣɫרע
㿴ϣִֺ졣
š
ضһźкöѡ
Ԩ
Ƭ̵ĳĬУæ˵޷Ѿ߶ˡ
δ˵꣬ԨѾŹ߳˻
ǡ
ضͷյЦȥˡ
Ϊѣ
˵澪ȣǴʱ򶼳䵱ϷҲúϲ£졣
ѣڹеʱԨҵһС£ѰƤ㲻ʲô游ĸҲ֪Ӳã㳣ÿÿУԨԷ̣˲ҩԲ˵ҩҲ±عףôȰҲ
Щ˭ǵһ 
д¡ɫӡ
ضο飬
ԨΪ꿲˽ЩǷףȴǸ֪ͼȵˡ˵ĸ
ϴСԨ˸硣
ū澱ŵûɢ߶ʮһȹ˵

Ԩɵһ˭˵
֪ĸ
УضӣɹΪԨ֪ͼȡֽת㡣
ĵʮа/Ǳסˣֵ˲ҪҪļߡ
ƷٵλãжٹԱ˵Ĳ
ĵ֪ڸƾٺ˼δְλض˵ճһεĴִ̲̲֮ͬУ˭游һҪҲµû˶ãܸϲˣ
洽ȴ˵εоϣ¶Ǿ
Ϸ˱ʵˣ߬ض֣У˵𣿡
ǻм٣ضЦ游̲λ꣬ڼ޲ǴǱ˵ʮʤδְλλã游֮
ˣûӰ£ҲҪ˵ˡ
Ԩ¼ӹġѹϡ߻أֵԹϳԹϣ


49 
ûʵƫ, һһţճɽ, ӳ롣
ϵĲΣΣһ, ʼδ
һС˵ͷ첽ƫǰһ
ˡ
ʯ񣬴Ƥ, ˿
Ȼ, кȻ, Ѿ빬ȥˡ
ֱߵһ桭
Ȼæ, ұ
, ɫ, һǹгʲô, Ż᲻, ֡
޷
¸һ, ͻȻͣ£ĿɨһãȻ
棿
ɺã
һ¶ϸһĨΣСΪﵣ, һж, , أ˵Ρ
ԥΣɨõһƬһ̾ɫΡˡίؼҸ档
лġм
ͳţ԰¸
ϳź´ǵЦʧ
ȥ̲Ρ
ݳޣӦ

̲һյ費ʱ䡣
ȥʱĵʮ߼ηȥʱѻȸ
úʪŲ
Ӳϵĵ˶䣬ȥĽŲϣŲôᣬôƽ´ǰѹŭĳȽŲȻͬ
̧۰߲ųҰȹŮӡ
Ůݕiǳɫ廨ȹͬʢӰеһܣɫ
ɫƽؿûзŭҲûޡ
񾩹ĵ૵
ˣþò
ʲôġ
пɺáضĿɨʪηĽǣȴȻÿЩȴصһȷγϡ
񾩹ģĵ˫ۣˣ񾩹ʹ̡
˺׸֮䣬õű䣿ضЦ˸ɵЩ¼ȱ׸֪ˣ뽫֮ģ㲻Ǳˡ
ĵĬԣɫȴ΢
׸ղӦûû˵ɣض˵ŹۻĵʵʥǰʱѾʮʮãĿλãӦ֪˭ɣ

Щʱݶ˹ּͻᴫɡݶ֮ᷢʲôִƴ£˭㲻Ūˡ
ĵۣżض
лϵ˱Ը㡭ֻҪ΢һҾͰ˱㡭
ض΢΢һЦһ֡
һ߳һĵС˫ֵݳһӣĵɴ۾־־㡣
ˣֽţͼȡضȥ˱
죬ضͷҲ̧ᷭӵĵһҳ
˱ǡҲСЦǹ£ʼԽԽ˵أ
ѾıڶӵĻͷ˻ǡ׵ʧ㣬ŮĹˣǲԹҹ
һãĵץηդɫߺ΢СĿ԰﹫ָ֤µСĻֻ֪ҪСһСԸΪţͿأ
ĵݺᣬǸƷԱƺͷȡ
ضĿ̱ǰĵ΢ǲ硣
Ц̬ã޹ֹ·ֻͨϧ֪ģ֪֪ģȴһ֪
ʲôġĵױ˫ſݲݵʯשô棬޺㾿ʲôģ
죬˿˺һϷɣ˵
ꤹʪĹһຩԲ̾ߵƳĵǰ
ĵƺ뵽ʲô˫ȣƴȥ
ҪҪǳ͢٣ǲܶ˽̡
ĵĺ󱳵ϱʯǽڱ̳ʱʼ졣
ΪԼʹˣ˵Ȼкֵܴˡض΢ЦҶԣһĲֵ
ǰ̷ݡ˲صģ˹ҽʱ׼Ϊ˷񡣲ʮ̷
ضЦ
š
תְ߳ԲĴ߽Σѵĵ̼ϣڱǿֻЬպȡһ͸Ƭ
ſңҪ£Ҫ
ĵ˺ѷεĲҽضһδͣ
ֱ̲߳ΣģĲҽп޺Žʧˡ
ϼȼڿĴͷҪûкڰ
ضڽ̵ķ
ȪվڴǰȺԸ
ľһƮڻһѩ
ضڴߣ̴лˮʪֽϸΪָ
δѡô
ΪִݣƱ̲档
ض̧е֣ڷƵޱߡ
صĵŮֻܵķݣȴŮͷ۸һӵҸˣ๫ҿס
۰мӵʸеλ꣬貦ҷĴҪʶ㣬֪ʶԨѧߡ
£֪ͼĺʱô
ˮȪʡ
紵ɫ䣬ɴӳЦ
Уйϼ
Ȫף
ҹ̲ﴫĵηɱϢһʧߵûмκˮʱʬҲ˹ģ֮е¡
óҵĳңŵţĵëͬҺŮȻҲ⡣
ŵĿһͣĵ־ͳ񾩳ǽǧʷ֮У𽥱
ڶ³ʱµĴʳ¯ܵټʸڰٹٹ¡
Ϣķң˸ڴӹˡ
̲˶̸εĴ䣬δСҲ˽֮λ
ԭΪλ֮ˣ룬·ɱҧ𡭡
˭˵ء
ôպǸǼܼҲֲ
Ҳ̫ˣֲܼûΪܺ˱˵̶ֳȣ
Ҷ溮ġһˣҪСǰͷҿԺʮ֮߰˻ǸƷС
渣ʲô˼ͷûٳԣôû٣Ҫ羡绻һҴ
˽ԶɫѾࡣ
뿪ˡ

ƫƧСŸͷһӭʥּĴ
Ϊ׵Ĵֻ̫ḮգûˮĲ¡
Цݵؽʥּ˫ϥأ߾ֵŹۻڶԷлЦ˵
ϲŴ˹ٸԭְպǰ;һС
Źۻ֣ƣ蹫ˡ빫Ϊ£΢Ȼҵҵ
һһ̫Цŵͷ״Ŵоչٸԭְ˱µ˵ŬϵĽѲ˹ϵ
Źۻͷ
ŴˣµʹͣԸ̧ȥū澰̧ȥ
ͷԼɡ
ˡ̫ЦЦµּ⴫ūͻȥˡ
ŹۻһȺڣⲽصǰ
ƿªľţӷյ
๫̫֮ˣⷿҲŲ£÷ŵδźã
ߵĿͷûãʰŶɡŹۻ˵
ҸոĹ˵һȥͷţһ߻ͷʵ๫ٸԭְϳ๫ҪȥḮŵлĻǰһȥ¥ʳС
ŹۻҲ룬ȥ
˾ȵΪΣ
񾩹ĺǰ㵽ˣؽղŽּ̫ʾã˭ǸԱ½ԵˣһĿȻµ侮ʯʱϿһ仰û˵ҷˣϺװǡŹۻЦ붼롣
ǡԥ񾩹һŮܰ๫˵ϻ𣿡
ŹۻĬƬ̣˵񾩹һŮ
ǰڶ£񾩹·ꡣ
񾩹ͨһ̣һ˿Ļᡣܣȴڴ򿪻𾪵ǣеǡ
񾩹ڳŴ󳨵ңңһЦӵġͼ漣
Źۻڲδͷԣ̰ضšͼ˰Σǿ̰ݻ˻ᡣ
̫أҲա
֪У޼֮ҶԣȴһϡĻˡŴǾٸԭְĺдñǡ
ĵİѱ޼֮΢ʵİ빫ջءͼ
Źۻųϵ񾩹һҾף
΢Ȼжѩ̿Ϊ˭Ȯ֮⣬΢һ־򣬻ȫ
Ƭ̺󣬳ϴһЦ
񾩹߽ʻԶʱﴫһĻش
ȮŴ˻еŬ
ԭأ񾩹ʻߣҾֶ˷¡
๫
Źۻعɻӳߡ
š˵ʲô
๫Ͷ񾩹𣿡
סŹۻ˵ƽӹխȴʥģ޷죬ֲȨһĴռ˳֣̬ʡԲ䷽Ϊϲߡ
๫ܵҶġЦ
˶ʰͷȥˣŹۻʯǰ߲һλ񾩹Ļ
ȮŴ˻еŬ
⻰Ǻ⣿

ΪӽᵳӪ˽
ֻΪԼıʿʲôŻһߵ֮ż
๫æ
СҵĻ
һȻڡ
Źۻʯ첽ͷ


50 
ɳˮ, ˻вʱֻӰӣһֻɫ˵ĵӰһ룬²
ضˮΪԨڿΡ
գǱıԡ
ӱıƪԣϱı, η, η, ¹ǡıǡ, ˵ʵǷЧȵ, νЧȣǡԨ
ʯڴֻܵٿ̧, ӦѸ١
ضʣǰ˵һ, ΪϲߣΪвߣΪ²ߣ
ϲߡͣƬ̺, Ϸˡ
ڿС飬ͷϴܺÿô
˵ͷĵĿƳ, ǲϿ
ض°ͣЦ
а梺ÿô
ָ̧
Ŀ, Ÿչںĵͳɳƿڣÿ
Ҫа梡
ضָͷ, 㲻ܵˡ
һֻ̳ѺȻɹ֮, ضһ, ΪѾߣȴͷ֣ѡ𶯡
ձ黨ǰ䣬·ı͸Žɫ⣬ڳ£һɲǣָ׼ס˹⡣
Ԩ׽룬ȻȻʣô
Ҫش䵽ںƵķʹأ˵ûС
ȴ
ȴڵѴͷ롣
ػɵѾ˸Զˮ棬һֻûġѡӽͷ
ǹδ͵֮ŮͷСغơǧ˿ָ»ָҲ
񾩹Żӣ
һ󺰣ͣݶֻɫСҲˮﾲ͵ա
ڳرСϻ˫ۣЦտس
񾩹Żӣ
ض񡣡ضЦĹ빬밲ô
˳׻عҲ֪ͱߴߴʲô£ڸߣҲ֪ôߵˣǡ͵£ǡ
һתͷԨߣ̫ˡֿںûġ

¡鲻ã
һ˵һֽǰˮ鿵ľ֮УȫûС
ԨγֻʣĲֽڵ״һֻʣͳȵӲʬûС
ס˿ĭ
ֹǲãҪɱ˵顣
ĽźŲȥڨڨЦʰҲʹˣͲλˣҿǺڿΣǼһ
ĹҪ£ȱաضЦ˵
δ䣬Ѿ¯ϵˮ׼Ϊݲ衣˼ܾҲȷߣĥĥڶ˶
ʣ£Ԩɳض顣ضЦոýӱıƪһֻͣͷϣ׽ѣˡ
ıƪѧ˷ܵǽˣ
һ֮ߡ
֪֪ʯϱQ߾֣Ƿ
ıǡ
䵭ͳǹĻȵصɴۣɫ糣·ողûпڵԨ
ضҲ⡣
㲻ô
ˡ
粻ƫƫĹһ𣿡ض˵
ر⣬еĲֽĿĵľϰӲʬոջʣһ룬Ѿһ飬ȫķˡ
ԼΪΪŻӽΧæŵճڣҶ綼
Σض̧ѵҪڽɳӱ𣿡
һԵǼɻĶĻ壬ȴ񾩹Ŀ⿴ųĬľŻӡ
ԭڶԨ˵
˿ȴҲҴ˵ˡ
ԨҲڣáضб飬˵㣬Ϊľ;ȱôߣ
ʶԨеС
ΪһϸİӲͷƤҪҡ
ԨĻڵȥ
δһþŻӸչ˱ڵ˳ȿɿ
һӰ˵ʲôȲҪӹĻӸã
Щӯ¶ģѧѧգһҪ磬ȥձŶӣһٸţձ͸£
ضŭ侲ʵΪβȥ
Сľһɫӳ¶ߣ΢С
ԨţȻֻ·͸Žѡ
޶ʧ䣬ڵҲԽ䣺ǲȥ
ȥвȥɡض˵˯ǾýԱĲã
㶮ͺˡܿߡ
ˮû
ãڿڣҪǲأ
ˡ
Сľһˡ
Ԩɫ䣬ѿ
ձҲҲǣʹԶ޲ûΪһֻעϣɿʧڵط
찡ǳʲôɺҩҪһǰ˫η
ҿ·ߵҰݻǼɽİ׶죬Ҫڰٱȵȣɴ۾ɽôж죿
쳤ӣڼɽ󿴼һֻ죬һʯȹŮڵϣ˫ϥ֪Ͱ׶˵ʲôɫһһϲɰ
ϾΣӦòǹŮ
һʱˮڷչìܣ۾żɽŮߣԴŭ壬ʹعںãѴٸ߸ߡ
Ȼ͵ɳء

׶ɫƵģڲҽˮ鿲Զˮ档
һˮĽ쾪ŵڣӾˮиͬʱʮһӼɽ
ӣ
ڣˮ˫۾˼ɽ
ڳˮƴڣֵظȣ죡죡
ڼɽרĵݶϷӣĶ˾ͻشһ
ཱུĴ׶ˮ쳤˲ӣ˻ߵĺ졪
ȹŮ߳ɽֻڵĶͣһ̾ˮ鿡
Ҳ⣿
ػϳƺʮֲˣŲȴͱȻ෴ֿˮ鿡
޶ģضЦʵ
һƺʯŶԷע⵽Լʱʰ
ػšüͷû㿴޶𣿡
ڳڵĶ죬룺ȷʵ񡭡
̲סڣĶ񲻻ӾҪҪɸˣ
ػɲͷʲôȣӾĶ𣿡

ⲻǾͼô
ػע⵽˵ˣۣɵ˭
ĹӣŵܵİضЦ
Ŷػɵõɫʧ
̧׼ػɿڣ߰ɡ

ʲôԷػü
Ҳҡߡ
Ĺӣ°ɡں㿪ЦءضЦ
²ᵽʲôҲվҲǡ˹񣬷ںЦ
ض£ɫݵİ˹սսˡ
˿̣ôȥˮڵĶӡ
̫ߺҲˣȹһ裬ڵྵĹȲذˡ
ػȻδضعҲӳķʶ죬ɴػعˡ
Ԩһֱ۽ҲûͶ
ʯʹ˵عա
һ·ϣûٿڡ
عˣҲûпڡ
ⲻȥӰε꣬յȭίۣĴܿ塣
͹˵Թ΢Цǲһۡ
̰ںֳ⣬ɫһ˿Σ£Ҫԡٽȥˡ
Ԩͣ½Ų󣬽ֹؿһۣɵ¡Ϊʲôǲϰչ˼أ
ҹɫһؿźֳشš
̾˿ת˺ֳء
ȵڶʮһֳ߳ءԨĻظ߽޵͹˵ЦĶҩҪϨˡ
ǣ޵
Ԩվڿһ˵Ժĵʮָľ
ҹǱ鲼񷣬ʼûпһۣ˵һ仰
Ϩ˵Ƶ޵ض֧ͷ⿿޺ϣʲôûֻǾšʲôʱǺҩʱҲҪֶ뿴һֵˣڣȷʲôû
ʱĸߵǰ
ƿľվڹïʢ֦Ҷͩ£¹͸ïʢ֦Ҷ߲ϣӰеںӻްִֵĿֱײҲ㣬ҲܣһİԵǵؽΧ
ضεЦˡ

ǰһʯ꣬ԥ
һԡ
ض֣յ¶ȡ
ãǺ
Ҫջ֣һֻֽ
֣Ŀƣ
Ϊʲô᲻ڣʡ
ض֮⡣
ΪΪĹһΪʲô
ܿܣˣ梾ͻ᲻ڡ˵߰梣ΪβԸѧԣ
Ԩ˲ڴµĲܲٺ׵ۡ
·˵Ǿ䡰ˣҪȨá
࣬һɣ˵ڡ

ô
ϲڿڣɳƣҲԾ²ˡ
һⲻһ£ڶҪа梡
ɵһֻȥͷλδӽͱ׽סˡѣֵֻĽ˿ȻʧЦԨ
Ԩ֣¶ϵĵ̺ۣɫ£̺һǳɫҲΪָ
֤ġ
ֱ̧ۣ۾һһٵ
ֻҪ㻹ڣҾͲ䡣
һӮĺǣҲҪҵĺǡ
Ӧҡ˶٣梡
εļž
ضи°ϡ
¸ҹ
ЦҴӦ㣬һ㵽㲻Ҫҵһ졣
Ůƭ˵ܶѻ
еĻǼٵģֻϣ仰ġ


51 
ޱ, 졣
λϽ̨ٷ̨վ̨һǣĿתضͷҹա
ǵ̨Сʱʮ룬ǿһǷ͵͵һۿ©һΪҫ۵ĺҹĻл
ǡһϽǴ, ̨ɶע⵽һĻ
¼ʱĿ̣ǳ͢뱱
ٻδ, ǧ׹, ҹ硣
С̨ɴδ˰, ŵõڵ, ƺƴǱ䡣
ֻ˶̶һ˲ʧˣٴҴٶ̨ɼֵغ̨, 첽Զš
ϴ˯Ļ㱨ɫء
ɿˣ
ȷǿˡٸ, ǳ͢, ֱ΢ԫ, ʧڱ
Ǵ, ׹, Ǵ֮װ૵
ٴײҶ, κ, ˵£һλϣȥɡ

ٹֵˣ䡣
ص̨˼ı⣬صԼİ칫䡣쳣󣬻żйء
ʷռڶ࣬ٿһһдżУǺļ¼Уδйͬʱֵľ
쳣Ƿд伴
ʯ䣬һȻӿԺ
ǴУǴСȻʲôţƺĵ仰
һ飬Ե򡢻ᡢ鱾ֻһֽϼ¼Ŀԡ˷Уйԣȫ
ûþҵеĶ
һźȻڴϱͼ
һ뷢԰׵ߣھ޴Ĺ򶫶СҲ࣬ӲʵС֣
ٶʮ꣬ǴУ꣬ǱԨ
ټæŻȥˣ
ǴУꡭǰ߶ˣǱԨѵָ
Ϲټ˵ǱԨǶ֮࣡
٣Żڷⲽǻ
Ӧڸ¡ȵȣҪ£Ӧȸ֪׸ˡ
߻дŰѽҹ֮󣬽һС٣¸
ҹ﷢ֱڶ磬Ŵ֪
µúͿţΪܲ͸֮٣̩񰲣˳Сɵ£Ƶʲôأ
¿еͼκ󣬿ڵǵĻԵ
׺⣿
̩ʮţ¸ö¶֮λˡĿͣǱԨĸϣ˵ⶫýһá
µúͣƽ£㽻ɽѲ졣
ɽ̩ɽڡ
µúת˲׸⣬һϲɫ첽߳鷿
µɫ鷿ڣֻʣһˡ
еͼ
ǱԨԨѵָŻӣôܣ
ʱԼĲ²⡣
¾ŸУܵǻıǾŻӣλ󳼱ӵӣҲȥӵһӵѪͳĻӡ
ָŻӣôԨ֮һָ֣ĺأ
Ŀǰ޽⡣
պٹپۼعǰƽ̨УС
λɫ죬̸۵һⶼɽѲ´صİ˰Ӽ
ǰոͼ飬ž̩ɽ飬콵ּ⣬ʾⶫѡ
֮˵һ׼ľӶ࣬ͼԤ֮ڶˣϷʵ󲻳ˣʲôܹͨأǰ֪䡭
ÿ궼µԵʮ֮߰˶ҥԡʥͽ̹ۼΪʵΪ飬ԣֵһš
˵ͼϹèӣν̩ɽ飿
⡭
ɽѲؾеļѶ˵̩ɽһҹðľʯߴһ壬ذ˳ߣʮ˲ſɿϱΪ˭񹤵ֶΣһҹ֮ʯ
ʯϻһԣճףָ̩Ϊ
Ա۷׷ףµȻΪӶּ⣬۵ȻԴ˵Ϊⲻһ⡣
뵱˹ϵһ̬İµúͻǴЦȫǹž޲·ƾΪ̫ӵۻȻ֪
ڣմŵع߳һˡ
ߴȫżλˣ½ͷ緢¶棬ūתλ֪˵¹غ񣬸飬پᶨᡣ
˲³Ȼ岻ʣӵȻҷšת£ϳһС
˵ǰµ
ߴȫλԱ˹֣תع¹š
·ˣٴҲû˼ĹԱ뿪ع󣬽յĹһδ򿪣ٵڸߴȫڻ£첽ʯףߣߴ̧ߵ̼ӿŲֱ˺󹬣һ̧Ĩͷ麹
¡ߴȫٵ۵ɫ˵ٹȥһǴصܲˣ롭
ٵ̾˿αϣ˵
ȥصɡ
ߴȫڼݴص

ٵƽջܿԼصߵĽŲһ¶ĵһӦصܡ
ɵȻŮҲߵġ
ô๬ֻڵĹеİ
ٵ۴̤صʱɺ͵ڹ˶׼ýӼݣġӭ¡Уٵһɡ
ߴȫԹɫ⹬˺ԼҲȥĵΪٵ۴顣
ɷٵǰ£ָһ裬̽½˷£
ǰٵ̾˿عȥֻ͵徻
Ϊǰյ䣿¹ǰұ㲻ˡ
֮䣬˵˵Ҳٵ۵ڸյɽѲİ˰Ӽ˵̩ɽ¶һʯʯͷСճף̩˸֣µԴΪɣȺعǰ̫ӡ
ʲôľʯ
ٵ۰Ѿʯòתһ飬Լţһ䣺ɽѲôдġ
̩ɽʯ飬Ͳд̩Ͻˡָȷ˻ɡٵ֮Աǣǰͼ
ǰԤͼԷ޷͵̩ɽʯһںԺ˵һֶ޷ó
ԵһţǶ̶̼ھּ˵ͬʱ֣Ǹĸ
̩ɽֵľʯָôͼ˵λӣǱԨָŻô
Ҳ֪ٵüչԶֱ˵ˡԨָĻǾŻӡһѪҴӦǰȺ°ҲӦ
ΪеġԨֲʱȻ񾩹ˡ
ٵЦտͶˣǽ
Ƭ̺ض͸ǰ߽ڡ
Цôɣյһˣ
ضЦĸ밲ģڵܣּʵͣߣ֪һҪһá
ٵܵɫӵ˵úðһҲܾûһˡ
ҲҾԵʱԸҡ
˶ˣȻҲˡ
ضͩĲʹص⣬ɻ˶һ̽ݡ
ʢһⱻɰضװ֮䣬¶еĿ΢Цϵٵۣضһ
ݣҾǰʱ򡭡ݻǰǸζٵ۳ݣ飬ɫⴺصĳǷǰǸ
ǰĳӡЦ
һٵ죬˵ջʱҺ޲춼һڡ
ٵ׷żϸڣضǸʱȤһڲʱٵۿĴЦע⣬ضⲦ
ضȱģ˫ܾܵͲͬˡ
һûȶ٣װ̲ס˴빬Ŀġ
ʣ˵ɽѲ̩ɽоʯ飬𣿡
ġٵ̾˿ڸȥˡ
̩ɽ𣿡׷ʡ
Ҳҿ϶ʯͷ٣ǰͼνͣٵ۶˶٣ضʶ㣬ôԣ
Ŀ⿴ʾ֮˵
ضǿҵ߹֪Цڶ࣬ģȻҲûʷеģ£ԡ
һ˿죬Ҫ˵ߴȫȻҴ߽ڡ
£ѩԷҲˡ
ʲôôֳˣ
ٵ۴󾪣վ
ض̧䣬ĿתؿŸߴȫƺڵش𣬴µĴȴɫع
ߴȫͷشѩԷпÿͩȻ˹һбӿг֣˵
˵ʲô̲סߴ١
˵ߴȫԥΣͨһ򵽵ϣ˵˵½ս״˷Ҳ
ִӸߴȫ˵Ҽž
ٵɫҰףס
⡭ʲô˼ٵ۲Ǹ˼𣿡
˻ش
ҪΪ֮ǧˣʡ
ضڵأɺ͸
ţֻԤ֮˵ԣûʮоţҶ̶ԣΪδУжȻоϲ֮αԡţǡþ˱˵Ĺơ
ضذٵ۶ҡġ
񣬷µɣض͸
αԣôôʱԣ˵ùƽͣǵһԣʱ䶼׼ȷԤϵͼνͣٵʡ
𣿡̽߿ض
΢΢һЦ˵еܹǰտһжԤأ
ܡٵ۶Եͼȥڴ˷ǹߣҲǰһڶ󣡡
ˣ²·ͨصˣʵһ𰸡
˼죬Ȼٵۿ˵ĸߴȫո˵ԣ˵һ顣
ߴȫɫ԰ףʵڲԸǾ󲻾ٸһ飬Ϊѵʱضڵʣ߹ղ˵Ϊ½ս״˷Ҳ
ʲô˼ٵ׷ʡ
ض̫û׷յʱ򣬾Ǵ˷֮ա
׷յʱ˵죿ٵ۵ɫֿʼתףֻмµʱˡ
ɬѶ״һָ졣üͷ˵
״ָĲʱ䣬ѵָͼ񣿡ض˵ʲô˷
״״µʱʲôأٵ۽ʾ֭üͷ塣
Ȼһȵȣ
뵽ʲôˣʡ
״µӡ¡ļ׹ıǵ´òɫ԰ף̵ߴӵڼɨ˵Ľ֡У¡֮һֵǡҲ̡ǵף״ָյʱ򣬶˵˷ߣҲ
ѵһٵ۸ոնĲյˤ졣
˷ߡҲٵѪɫ
ٹעǰԣ֮˭ں̫֮λ
ٵۺ͸Ҵ뿪ضҲɣͣǰķΡ
Ҫع𣿡ʡ
ض΢Цȥƽȡ

ƽͨıؾ֮·ĳкƺƵһȺˣͣȥ
Ϊ׵ͷԵıʯڣ۵֯Բۣɫ꣬š
ȻƽвԶʲôŲȻһͣͣ˵غΪŭڳռ䡣
̩£ŮЦ̵ض֪ýˡ
ԡͨĸסıؾ֮ƾʲôҪһ·
̩Ӧͦظȥ
һȺ˵ĽŲ½̸ˣض¶һƵЦݡ
빬࣬Ҳ򸸻밲ô
һȥ̩ͷ䱸Ŀ´ʲô
ҸմӴصЩЩͣߣܡضЦŲм£߼ɡ
Ӵصģ̩ɫۿոոʺһ𣿡
ض΢΢Цʲô
ͨѩԷԵʱ͸Ҳڣ
ضЦݻش⡣
̩ŭǸù
˵ĻסضŲæº͵ѳԣǸʻҺܣʮͷԣѵʲô
ʲô
һΪΪ֪ʲôŻᡭضͣٺЦֻ⡯Ͳ֪ܺ׸Ҫһˡ
ʱĸԶңңضɫѿ̩ЦЦ˵߽һǰ·δ֪รɡ
ͬ񿴵úһѻ˵ʲôร
ͣ½Ų΢Цָ
̩üͷ壬ֵسŲһСָͷľ룬·ضʲôһ̻ſѪҧԴޡ
̾˿ߣ˵
ܵܰȥһ˵𣿡
̩һ̵ʱ仰ĺ壬һ͸ĵβ׵ֱͷ
״˷Ҳ
ȥ
ء
ضºһЦųǰˡ
һߣ߳Ⱥݵ̫ˣиոһؿҲ½٣˵Ͳˣ
ضĿǰ΢΢һЦ⻹ֻǿʼء
⻹ֻǿʼ
һܿͻ֣ᷢԣǽĵһ


52 
̶, ޷͵Ծͳ
Է׷ɣÿԶӵߡ
ȻһԵͷŷߣѩԷͩڶվ⿳, µȮڽ, ɢ̸ѩԷԵڡ
ѹ£ѩԷԵԷø, ˾֪֮ơ
⼸, µúܲʹ, ֮෴ض͹ʮ̹
ͩ, ΪһԲʢĺʢڰʫ, ͹Բѣϻżű轡
һ߷£һ߶ţ, ֽŻô, ƽҪЩ轲Ѫǡ
ڱ촰ߵĴɴԲһ죺轺棬ԵĻѽ轷轲衭ͲڰҩҲˡ
ֲŮ, 㲻
ǣҲ
ض, ЦеؿŶ˰, Ȼ, ϲӵ첽󣬵عˣ;Żȥɳء
֪Ϊ˺£
˵ǹλãлӹɳصء
ãض̧ۡ
ǰ׸׵ģ±ûһ£ߺЩ£˵ȫ׼ˣ
׸֣ضЦЦ¹׵İʫ룬ڽ̲
˵˵ɡ
ϲһ񣬽ԼԭԭΪκգʿ߹׼֮󣬱²ţø߹عϱߣӭͷĵˡˡʮһ˴
߹ص˶ǹū澣ֱڲͬطֵһǽո빬СŮκղ˵׼˵һ˸ɥ׾춼˵׼ˣ
ϲ˵üɫ裬ɫ塣
ضȥ󣬽̷ȹװ
ãߵı𣿡ʡ
Ǽ٣ȥ˲֪˵
ضױ̨ǰλŮ̲ڡ
Ůϵһ̵ͲУһֻɫ֬̽ӹԾָպȡСͿŮӻĽ˫
ȥһҪСġɫǣϽ׵ߣһһӻˮ˵˹˵ʲôԻڵĻ
ضɫƽ֬ʣԨںδ
ŻӸմӹҲôӺֳس˰ɡ
˵ܲٲܲپ͵һˮɵ߽
ضδͷѾ¡
޵ĵطô࣬ƫҪһֻױϣΪ⽫ͻȻխʣһ§Լ
ֻҪԨڣض粽СҲ֣ӯϥǣһֻŲһȣȻ
ضֶעתʱѾջ֣ױضùĿ֬Уһֽס
Ҫȥģʡ
Цɳأʴ٣Ͱһȥ
ӦһƤµĹͳԡ
ضɵĳ˵ôֲɾͳˣ
㡣
ضһʶ˫ۡ
˫ں͸ϵһƬ̹ûǱ̨ʣû֮⣬۾ԣһʵԡ
˵ض飬Ԩô˵ǵĻش
㣬ˣʹͷûвɡ
ΪҪ̼㡣
ض°ӣЦ֪ˣȥͷɣѡ
ڱŸɳ첽£ū澸ɡ
ԨӹڱĳΪ˲ˮ齦ضԼͷƫһ߲
һЦôˣŻӻǰһʲô¶ū澴͡
ضЦŻӾأҪ˴ֻͣҪź򡣡
ùɵʪЦ
ǲѽҵСǣ
̬˳ŲӣԲ⣬ë׵ԴڳҡҰڡ
ڳһɵ۾ӣͩλȴѾֲ֡
Ҫ˵˭Դȫ˵ģ񾩹Ϊһˡ
λӶ׼ú̧ͩ߱ɳسˡ

컵ɳرߣۼڶк͵˷󡪡ĵۺ
ۺڳرߣ˻ƣ߲Լͬˮ롣
ĲΧһŵĶΧǽСŽż⣬ųһͷһͷͶ
Ƭ̣дһӵĳ
ϽãݣԵϺ켪ӦеµĴ󸻴֮ң꣬зƶ˵ƫ꣬ȱģ伱ǿӦǼڽܹۣ
رߵ۷׷ףջ佱˼䣬ԹȴƮվȺеµúͣҵʲôߣ˵
ʲôꡱǿۡͨƪ˵е⣬ûһû
ٵۺ»ʺһϣԽԽΪ˵ȡ
Ͻ׵ߣȻϵˣٵһʼҲŲİϷǴôٵѪҪò˵棬ֻҲ俿ס
ٵ۲Ͼô˴ɫߵرߣ־һСҰˮͶС
ʵͻΪʲô֪ΧȺΪڵ˰Ҳκµúġ
˶Ϊϰŵֻϸ֪б¡
ǣбµˣͨһҰ
һΣĬЩã˰ΣŴκյ
˻֮󲻿ԣ²ԡ
ˣٵ۲òֵ˰糷ˣôʦ˵
ٵ߻ʱҲպò꣬ŵۣһѷ߳ˮ鿣ٵ۷һҾס
ƶκգ£λˡ
κս߼ڽżǰĲݴԣϣΪ࿴λһۣʵ
Ͼ˴빬ĿģΪ˳˷С
ٵ£ʣʦ˵нֵԣ
ƶжš
οԣ˭棬˭Ǽ٣ֻߣģ
ٵۻ£Ŀⶼκϡ
κյʹߣŲæͼ̩ɽµľʯһͬ㣬ǾǷʵ֡
˼ǣѩԷԿΪʵ֣
ƶַľ괺ָǼ򵥣ͿϷ۰ֻǷһȻ棬Ϊ
ƣٵ̲סȽкá
̫˭Уûֻ
˭ĻǣҪҴ˷ٵŭǿɶ
µúǰһҾֵ˲Ҵ˷ʵڶ񶾣һϲ飬ҳЧȣ
ٵ۸͵飡һҪ˭ڵ
ڳˣûһٵ۵ĻϣҪóˣȵڣ
ٵۺ˶λʦʵһˡ
ػЦһ˵ҲŲЩװŪİϷ
ɣöԴʦ񡣡ٵۼæ˵
£޷κջ˵꣬ػһ˵ƶֻ˵˫ۿĶװŪ
κյķ΢ζɷǣټϳϿҵı飬˵Ļ˿ʮŷ
ڳˣֻػɡ
ᶨųǣ˵
𣿡
Ȼġ
Ҳš

κüͷʣҪβſƶ
ػɺŮＸ䣬ûһᣬнӹһңԶԶκյķ
ҵκս£ǰݴĽң򿪺󣬴óһѶë
⡭κ̧ͷɫ
ЩëֻһĶϵģ඼ոװŪʱҽйȥ֯ҪĶëҪ˵׼һëĶϵģҾмֱ¡
ػɵĻΧ۷׷ףٵ̲סʦ𣿡
κЦЦ
Ķëȫ˳΢ЦȻţƶװŪȷСֻǴ󲿷˿ˡͱеƣ£ߣǵ͵Ľ֦Ҷ֮ӣżл״㣬ļȴ˵Ǹ춹ĵˣ׶ʵʡ
˵˵ػ񱻲β͵èһüŭĿҵﱾŲҰƤ
ٵԣ΢Ц磬ʵȭͷѾ߬˼ˡ
ʵ벻ףԼʫظ֮ףͨټң֪ĵٵЩô͡ô˸ôŮ
Ĳǵʱ͵ĺ
ٵ۸ɿһƫͷߵĸߴȫĶˣ
ߴȫͩĲѾӰˣҪһյ͸õˡ
˸˵꣬Ҳˡ
װۺ밲ĿɨӣߵЦʲôӣôλ綼ڣ
ڱ߽ĴԼһûľŻ⣬ٵ۵ĻӶڴ˴ˡ
װԳװͶȥһЦЦ񣬴ӣϳ˵ǿĺӣϣ˵һɹأ
ӳ׹ˤȣֻƶ
ƽղ£Ǳ黭˴κòǰ¶棬ȻԹ˵ʱһֱרעؿëκա
κմʱҲöëˣʮĸëڵϣɨһۣ¶Цݡ
ƶѾĸëϴˡ
ʰϵһë˵
˿ػɣԸСǰȡκѡĶë
ֻ͵ģǻɻҲʶãػֻһۣͱɫ
ⲻܣ
ôϳģ
ΣκҾ֣Цƶ׼
´ˣػ߳ŭһӵĶëѼӲֻëʶ
ˣɣҪȡˡٵ۳ֹⳡֹ磬κգʦǷ
£ͬһۡκҾֵֻʳƣ״֮Ϊ
Ŷ㿴ϣǷٵʡ
κտٵֵһȻΪӣöĿӳհա
ٵԣЦ㿴޼λϣ
κտͬļλӣ˵Ǹ֮ࡣ
һʣ֮ΪΣҶ
˸༸λɫƽ˻а̣һɫжٱ仯
ʲô֮ࣿ
ʱﶼһͷˡ
»ƺƴ
κ빬ǰýף׼ü֮˵ǣ޷ǾԼһٵ۵ˣȻ̧ͷȥʱԼǰ׼˵ǣ˫ϥһ
κԳ֣ſĿзɳƶļڣԼû˵ʲô
Ҳû塣
ǲô˵õľ鲻һ
ʦôˣһű͹ˣѵжò𣿡˵
ڳˣɫɻ
κմؿŮ彻ӣֻ㾲ġ
ֻ֪ʲô
УϵΪŮӵķⲻֵóԾ빬ǰ֪ԵΡ
ʧ̬ģˣһһŮԱ֡
Ůӷʤѩڷƣ翣ѩƮƮ׽꣬ü绪ǣɱɭȻ
˵ͷΪһһ˺ݡ
ƶκմɤＷƶ֮꾹Ȼͬʱڳʵ̫죬ʧ˷ִ硭ˡ
¶֮еЦݣӺ
ΣܣϣǷɹˣ


53 
ŻŻ޵һʵʵǽ赲ڹĺߡ
ٵ, Ҫ, κһ˵Ϊ֮𣬵ȻҪĹءƶиɻ, ¼¡
Ŷʲôأ
, ֮, ΪۣȡƶҲȡߵĸ», Ϊº, ƶֻشµ⡣Ҫʲôʡ
ٵüͷ, ʣκʦ, ֪ܻ𣿡
κճĬƬ̣ͣٵ֮ϡ
ȻѪ֮, Ҳϲ, й֮󣬻Ӧް
κջشܡ
ֻʣһˣٵ۽ʾ֭ԥ
κ, Ĳٶһ𣿡
ƶ, ƶ۱¸»
κջ, ٵֻ˵һˡ
˵
޵Ķɵ޵Ķʱٵɾ
κձؾԵֵȻܳɡ
ٵϲЦտܳɣ޵Ķܼ޳ȥ𣿣
⡭һǼ޳ȥ
κս񾩹һ״˻ƣԵһ£뵣ǡ
ٵ۽ɻ󣬸߸˵߳磬۾̨ϵĻӹ֣˭ڶɣ˭ڹ
ڱ߹أȥ˷أڳľ
ȣ̬ؽˮ鿡
Ϊٵ۵ѪضҲڹ۾̨ŶŶκյȤȵòģֻ˸մӹˣǹĵԨļѾʼ˯
ضס׹׹ž뻬ϥԴϼڣ幫˳زۣǾֵߵض
ƿԨԴЦȥȥͻأԹԵҡ
괹ǣɫݡ
ض¹۾̨Ϊʵȴ˸߲ҵ𺰺ԱٵվſڣüŪ۵
ȥɣδ˭Ҳðһ㣡
ضЦŲˮ鿣ɵĸǽ
κʯһԲشҲ΢ЦŴԷ
˭û˵
úκտڵй¶ƶֻܽ⹫һɻ󡣹Ҫʲô
֪ض΢Цеľ󡣡

ʵʵߺߵ˭֪ˮڷʲôԻ
ضص۾̨ʱɫ糣ȻȴĿתؿ
΢ЦһֻȵʳָȻס̵ǡ
Ԩ΢Цﷺ⣺˵ʲôˣ
ضһľУһ׽֣¶Цݣƽ˵梽Ҳ
ģ
Ȼġ

Ԩס֣׷ʣǶơ
һֵСԨ
Ԩ߽ˮ󣬶κߣߵʯǰ¡
κսƵ´ߣ˵ŵ£ЩʲôƶһΪ󡣡
ǰ߹˵ʲô
κ׼õ˵ȫˣɫȣƿԣֱԨ̧˫¶⡣
˵
Ե£ûʲô˵ġκڻع񣬵߹ƶпʲôƶ
κþ䣬Ԩɫ䡣
ضˮȺ򣬲ûȵǰ¹ڳɷǵκմˮﵹɳصڵء
Ⱥһ󾪽С
Ԩɫ£߳Եϲֻκն֣˶ˣʶԨֵѷɿˣܵñ˭죬ٴڻԼУץ˵ܡ
ԨҪܵκգ¶ȭͷ߸߾𡪡
Ԩɣ
һٺǳֹ֮ŭ
µȭͷκǰͣ¡
κɫϣˣˣҲɷǵӰӡ
ɳرߣѻȸ

۳ȿͷλӹһ
ȵˢغӣɫƽЦ
ʲô˵춨̫ôڵģôҶϷһãȻ˵ǾŵܴúãҪǿڸʺϣͰװŪ˸ˣŵܿʵΪұģܵҪһû£ȥҸСü
һЦҪ˳סԨһ̣ͱšֱ۲ҽ
ŵܣŵܣʲôѽѽ֣ã㻹֣
Ԩضһۡ
Ԩ֡
͵漴ֹסصˣϥ͵ײ˳̨
ʱɫĳ˹˹֡
λã岻ʣһˡ
ūߡϥѵʹлһصضԨһۣԼū澣Ҳһˡ
Ӧȥĸȥˡ
Ļӹ½ֱһصС̺ȻС鲽Ҵһָ
߹߹
˻׺Сܵضǰ߹أūһˡ
ضɴʱٻԨκ֮ͻȻĳͻԵɣʱҲֻڱԨعȥһ˴ص
С̽ص󣬹Ȼ˸װӰ
һضסˣվ𣬴梣һҪȰ˵ʣκˣ򲻿ڹа
ضŲæǰ΢΢Ц
ʽԣ˵ȥĻջҲˡοκգŴʦ//ʦ㣬ϲĿģǲݵġ
װ£ȵǰ梿ʲôõİ취
ϼȻκ빬ֻΪ˵һϼȻϣκܹԸʩӰ죬Ҫϼգֻ취һϳɣۻκҲΪ
ڶأҲͷ˵һַ
ڶ֣ϰκڸʶ֮ҲɳѡڸʶƳϡ
˭ܵ˴Σüͷ塣
˴Σǰɡض֮æﻮţ빬ʰˣܻ֪δߵعܵÿˡ
յһڣø˼ʱ䡣
ûйɫ˵ˣÿնʰ
áض²յЦûеƣǧ򲻿ǰĶʧ
ʲôƣæ׷ʡ
ʥġ
˵öԣǵܵˡص˵ͷ
ʼȻκգ±޻ءϦģԸŶڴ˽ǰعУһںκ̸ȥκ˵ЩʲôҲ֪ʲô֪֪ˣܰսʤ
ȥعʡ
Ҵ뿪һصɴӲ߳ʢҿְǶ֡
Ҫ̣ȰкãοһԿţٲãպҲ̸ĸҪˡض˵
İ̾˿ǰ£סض֣ĳĸͼٻֻϣǰһʳԡĸʮ»̥µĹ⣬ĸΣ׽㸸ʣҲԼӣ㣬ҲСֵסĸͼģֻϣһ˶ƽƽ
˵˵ţۿз
ǰѣض˵𵹱İο̨ʣ˼ȴѷɻͩС
ǴۣԨᱩ
֮У˾˵ʲôκΪҪΪԨڣ
κմǰ˵Ǿ仰
߹ȻǿȴоҲɶϣϣز֮󡭡
ضǵɵɫµ˫ȴ߬
ز֮󡭡


54 
ضɺ󣬳˷λصͩ
ս, һֽýʹͩ¡米ͦ, , ֪ѱ߹һͷֹϴһϮ¹ŻԲ, һͷβĳ߸𣬷һһ
ߵضǰĿɨһ飬ڹ۲ûٸ첲ȡ
ضŵ̬ȶЦԭĲҲɢˡ
ԾĳȡϵһƬҶ, ϵĻ, Цȶˣ
Ŀרע, á
˲߻޵, ѱȲȺ
ض๬ˣֻڵ
˵աκô£
ǰ޺, , ޺ϾֶһС, һСè
Ԩֳ, ڴ, רҪضС·û

κ, С¶, һ, ͱԨһɨ˴
Ԩض˵˵, ô
СڶܣͰ͵ضڴ¡
ˡ
ڶ˹㽫ռ
ضҪ˵Ȫ͹ˣȪʮСӣҲ޾ȥ׷Ԩκ֮ĳͻ
ʮκдСľУеԻѧеԼ̻ᣬеԼãеԿ޴żׯׯҲᷢҪþ飬ϸ΢ĩںͿɴС齻ֵµˣ½Ӻ͵ļҲؼѹȻôࡣ
У鱨ʱЧԡ
һ֣һ̣Ťתԭľơ
Ȫţضһֶҵ飬ֶС죬򲵻أ׼ʱдһС֡
ʱ䲻֪ţ;޵˵еյ
ض꼫̻л㱨䣬Ȼʼīˮɬˡ
ֱ̨ߣҪīһֱſڳϹۿȻīģ֮ǰģ̨ת
𣿡ضʡ
ġ
ʲô
̧ںڵͫ͸һĨ͸ϡ
㡣
ض̲סЦˡ
ԨԺ֪͸Сġ
ΪʲôͣеĶʵ
Ϊ仨⣬ˮ顭
顣ᶨ
ֵضһ㶡
ǻˮᶨҶ顣
ضȻʧЦ
굽ʹˣôʲôĺһ
īѾĥˣպīд̧ۣſ˳ϣĿתؿ
ض֪ô˵ֿʼЦ
ЦźÿȻ˵
ضΪѵƽʱҲЦѵƽʱÿ
Цÿ
֣գͨഥԴԴ͹

ڣÿ
ض̿ȥ°ͣͶת۾ͱС
ְؿڣĿеؿӦҡҪһֱߡ
ʯ䣬ضµκպ˵ʲô
һ˵ˡز֮ǷȻԨ˷
ɵԨضЦŴĶͷ˵梻һֱ㣬ֱ㲻Ҫ梵һ졭
ԨȻɫնûһ졣
ǣûһ졣ЦŸ͡
;ضϢһᣬԨӰƵĸתȲ裬ԨҩԨüͷñȥֳԡ£Ԩһϴ꣬Űɫ¶ſڣضè
̤Ƶĺֳأ΢´˸СС硪
ˣɫҪˡ
ضϴȥ»صǰ֪⴫ʱĸ
գգƣ˫̧ۣһѾſڳ˯ˡһԵĽԸûСһգһټѾģҹͳ
Ҳϸ֪ˡ
ԨԨض꣬޻Ӧ
Żӽڹǹعִ֣һˡЦ
ضҲЦߵױǰ£һ߲ͷϹ̶ٵΣһ˵ڱɡ
ûһᣬڱ롣
ض˵ڱ͵»ȥЪϢ

ڱߵ޺ߣŵ£ŵ££ѣûЪϢˡ
Ԩɽ
ڱɻֳԨͷȥ
δ䣬ѵһ
ضڲͷϷ٣ͷڱϣ˫۴ɣһڡ
ڱôˣضĵ
ڱһľŻ˼˫۽գһԣ˵ʲô
ūūȽŲ㣬̤ˡЦ
СЩضЦ
ֵؿ޺ϵԨ˵Ż˯ѡ
ˡضЦȥôë̺
ضžȫɢԼķʱűë̺ӹë̺ЦǶȥա

ҹḶ̌๬˶Ϩ뿪޵
ضë̺ߵ޺ǰڽ˫۵ϡ
´װ˯ǵð۲ɡЦ
ë̺µ˲ˡ
ĳЩǣڻǵý˫ۡ
ض°ӣ˵梵Сǡ
תһһֻ첲ת˲Ȧԭء
ԨλãһԲ
ѩȹԼԼ͸ҹɫģ˱飬ŴͷɻгԨֵʱ򣬾Լʱӵһŷֽ˭߬Ͱ͵ֽš
¡
ɳŲκ˫ϥڵ˴
ǰƶڽɽ񾩷졣Ϊһ̽ƶݱ®ɽһ·жСֻΪ˳ӦѰˡΪĿģƶϣƶȮƶ֮⡣
ΪǰƶҲǰ۵죬һƶǳԸǰΪ¿ʢ¾һ
κջ˵ʲôѲ̫ǵˣڡز֮󡱵У˵
߹ҲȻǿȴо˼ӡÿ±мӳ֣ȴӡ֮£ֻһˡ߹ļΪɵµ֮ߵµ˺͸»λѱ
ƶΪԼΪ¡񾩹
ʲôλ
ʲôѱ
һ̣Ԩֻһͷ

ԨضЦ˻˵Ǳô
ԤһƽᱻӵԨ
֣ë̺ͷ
һǳɣתɡ
ضЦĺҪ߿ë̺´Ӳ
κ˵
ضعͷ˵ʲô
˵ĸǣҪҴһܲë׵̺¶һ˫ǵ۾ҿмֱ£ҪĻ
ȡض˵а梡
ë̺£ú󴫳鲻Ըһ䣺梡
ض̺ë׵ԴЦ֪
ϴʱض롪Ǹء
ԨһĴûʲôκսհĻһˣͲ
ز֮
һȷزˡһҲûʲôٵļ
ûʲô֮ǰѸ鶼ꡣڣҪҪҪƣ⣬ʮҪգ˵Ҫ򣬶ԭϵļҲɨһ飬κοԪӸˡ
飬ء
֮ǰܡ
ܡ
˯⽥Ϯضʢͼ֪׹硣
˽壬սȭߴģÿչųʵ997Ϊ˴򴩶ĲҳΪĸ󻼵ӣԭӶɺʱѪҪǸԶٵȴСĵ˴
Ҳ֪ٵ۽ںδֹʱˮ򶯣Ӻˮи𣬾һķӡʣ
ӡ𣿡
ǡ
ٶǱˮУһᣬˮݰǵװ
ܵ𣿡
ǡ
Ǳˮ󣬸קһ½Ӻ͡
𣿡
ǡ
͵һʵ徻ˣˣұʵ˵Ը
һָŴβ͵Ԩضߡ
ȵȣֻҪٵ۰
û˵꣬ѾˮУֻʣ´βαյë׵Ĵβɨɨȥ
ߡ
ض͵ۣϤ޵Ұʶ˿
á
á
û
ϺȻսֲһ࣬ض۾̧ͷ˲һ˫
ڷңڴ󳨣ɫضϱֱǣ¶ڵƬɫһ˿׸⡣
ϻа˯ѵ˿¶էѺеɳɤԹĺ
˭ˣ
ضؿڳƴҹͽ񳿡
˯޺ϵë̺ôһۣ͵Լˣ
ȷûжɡ⡪
ⲻǴҶĳʶ
Ϊʲô˵ʣ˯¶žʯϣ޵׵С
̫ضܸеڱǼϢܸо´£ˣϣʲô˶ȣ֡
ضӦһ˳ȥ
Ԩ޷űƺƴع˴
ˣ
⴫̵ۼ˾Ҫ߳磬ض˯һᣡ
ٰͣΣһ˳޵Ž
Ϊʲôң
ԨӵüͷᣬǴĿ⿴ɫﻹеί
ض˵
Ǹӣ
ޣ
ضٲɡ
Ȼ춥ҡ
ϵĲߣϵıīֽ⣬ϵһ壬ȫˡ
ضͣ˵ߵϵԨȻɫ䣬ӵһԾ
̺ڱھʱԨպñ
ڲ˷Ĵڴ˵ľС
ضŽţ§Ĳӣ½Ӻͺ֪ͨȪͿ޴ж
½ӺɲסŲɫĪؿˣ𾪣ϻ˵ʲô
ץʱ䣬ھȥضӵĻߴ١
½Ӻڻعһͣ٣תǵˡ
һһδס˵ĶˣպһƬССϣԶڱҽ
ҵľ²ﰡ
عǰٵײײܳţߴȫһһ·
ٵ۶Ǳ˸˵
ڲ֪δȻľ죬춯أٳһյʱ䡣
ߴȫɫ԰ף˵ժǹķ򡭡
ӳعһȽŷ̱ڵء
֪˶ãڣֹͣˡ
֪˭˽ٺĿ
ٵɫҰףץŸߴȫĸ첲ع
ǴУ꣬ǱԨ
ǣǱԨ


55 
ׯصعǰ, ˴ڸ´ԨҴҸԱ, ûʸһ, ֻɫصؽͷӶ
عǰһ, ڵĶͬΪ, ̫ҽԺԺʹǰջظٵ֡
念, ֻЩѪȣ΢¿ߵķӣ˯ϼ, ؾͺˡ
ٵ޾ɵذ, ˵˵ͷΪش
ڸλ϶ڵڣҾ, Ųɵ, ӣʴ˲ڴ˽ȫˡе, Ҵ˷ĸ
ϵ˼ǣڴ˴ε˵һë޵֮ˣµúЦΣҳܹеģ
ɫҪԼ, ʱ, ǻӦŽ, úø²ǡ
һԼ, 㡭
ΪΨһһڸѧʿĹԱµúŸ׵Եܹվ
ϺҲһˣǸϻĹ˶ֲ֡ٵۻ˼ʮ꣬ͷƺƴĵ˪ӣ̱ϣֹ˵
δĻӶڵմӹٵ۴һϽ̽ʵТģĻվ˹עĽ䣬һ߿Ϸһ͵͵ŷӣǷճ˻̴
£˼졣
µúͺشˮսʱĸҩߵԺʹ
ܴ
̤ż󣬽ס˰׷ԲԵԺʹ
׸ʣԺʹͣ½ŲɫɻҾ
׻񣬻һ֮룬̫ҽԺ
׸˵
ܴҲˣ˷޹ˡʵ£ְգϷ̫ҽԺÿյҽȥ񾩳ΪƽΣ֪ԺʹΣ
Ժʹһ¶Ϊѣ⡭
ﲻ㣿ʣҪڸһϡ
ǲ㡭ǡԺʹԥһ֮ǰ񾩹Ѿ̫ҽԺȫҽ̫ҽԺģֻϳͼֵҽѡ
ţʲô
ǡڴʱƷ׸ŷ򼱴ҴҶǰºԺʹ˹֣˲Ͽ׼䣬첽򵹡
òμ¡
ٵ޾ɵسƳһۡ
岻ʣδкҪ£Щɡߴȫ˵
񾩳У񾩹̫ҽԺͽչֹɵУҰճ޻ʵ£ֻǡ
ֻʲôٵ̧Ƥһ
ɫᣬ£һ̬˶ʶ»С
ֻˣϽ˵ٵ
ֻǡ󡭡üĿ·亹ֱϪгһʯ壬дš
ٵ￩һѾԤϵķչ
޲ȻᣬȻᣬͻȻͷۣԺʹĶ
ʯдš˷ӣҲ
ٵۻæٻԺʹͣˣҲתˣͷһ亹˳̫Ѩ䡣
޵ţ˫۾һڽĻӡ
ֿӷҲǣҲǡ
ᣬһʲôᡭЦЦǲӱļ
۶Ļӣɫзκˡ
ǴУ꣬ǱԨСšԣԨҲ
ǶŻġԨԻˣ⹬лӣһδĻӣ
Ļ͵ڹв죬߻ӶˣĻȴһûҲûǰֻмһˣγǷǳ֮
ӺļƣȻƭˣ
Ļӭ»ĪĿ⣬Խʹ
˭ү˵һɸҽ̴˳үһΣӣ

ضӭŴй΢磬˸硣
ΪŵĻۣ̌һǣˣū澸ü°ɣ
ءض˵˭ڱ߶ˡ
һЦ߶˿ɶˣ⾩еſƶգ˭߶нЩ˾ȼõİգ˿̶ȻΪ񾩹оأ
ַ죬УԭԶʹĽҲָ֪ضϣ̾˿
ڻʣٽֵû߷ˣʡ
˼˻ش𣺡׸ة˵ⱱֵ㡣
һĽ˭ǳŲסˣʣµ齻ȪǰɡοоŻӣѧ죬һܰѹá
ʩ£ܽˡ
ǣŻӲ˰
ضȻ̡Ŀ£һĨ
̵Ĳ漴Цˣ·ʲôû
ŻӵȷͬˡҪסŻǲͬģͬǣҲͬҡЦεˣҲϣ㱾ĩˡ
̳ĬɫЩ㷲ضͬһЦҲ˰ɣϢһᣬһỹҪء
ǡ
һյʱһס˵Ľַͣ£խĽֵͷܶڵ˼õǰΧǰֵ񾩹
ֵ̫խ޷룬ضӻС⣬ֻոǿĴУߣǹҽǳĳƳ״ףֲȱʡסĶƶĵײ񣬵׾Ʒ͸©ݲ®
ض΢ЦֽһʷַľС
жͽٺĿӵ˷
̺ͼݳڱߡ
ڱߵߣڣ˵ˡôãΪʲôȻŻôˣ
ίֻùһЩ
°׸ȨңҲɵ㡭ڱƲҲôˣѵ㶼಻壿
һڱȻɣü㲻ЩСŮһ˴İɣ
̵ɴۣȾŭŲأ˵˵ʲô
غһػȥԸ˵ˡ
ڱһ죬ֹǾͲǣôʲô顣
ͷһӰ̧̧ۣһܾ۾ʱǸոյİ
Ӧڹŵػɴؾ͵ȹͷñССССϻ£ƿǰȺǰȥ
ػɴ˿ȻԼ
طôƣô࣡ЩˣҲ֪ûϴ裬һһڣһһضôģڹƫҪ֣Щ˰ΧѵϢ𣿣
ǰͷǸˣŽ£ͷڣȺɧѣʼղ첻һ޷ߵǰͷ
ǰͷҲˣϾڰؼǣҪôһͷ࣡
Ȼұߣ
ڹ⣬ֻضͱ˵ķͷݸұߣ
ػɹǰ治ʱ񾩹ֹۣȴôڽţֻܿǰ˵ĺԹӡ
ǻˣɶ񣡴
ػɻԼ΢˽ã뻻򣬺Ȼǰ͵ͣ£ֲӭͷײȥ
Ӵ
ػűӣỨؿתˡ
ӽ»ģֻǴ˿ػֻǸƤ
·۾ȵСүźҲ֪ɧŭĿӵ
ػɵĸСܲ۾ô˭·ҼС·ˣ
Сôˣ⵲·С޵ģ˱ˣôԵסɣ
㡪Сܲ޳ܵĿ࣬Ǻ죬ǰһ£ػսһѽ
ߣСʶ࣬СүҸֲ̧Ÿ߰˶ξͷһ
ػ׼ɧӵҽŽż⣬ȫ̧žǺݺһ¡
ɧǱˣڵءմ򿪵Ҳڵϣצдĸ֡
ػһۣҲҲ桱
ʲôƨͨ⡣
㡪ȻҴңҲָ⣬ŵָñŮӣ֪ҵ˭֪游˭֪ҹù˭֪ҹ˭֪ұ˭𣿣
ػۣ֪
㲻֪͸ҴңҲǱվõڵϣָñŮŭˣҸ㣡һҶˣҪһھǶ첻ȥŮ˻ѧ񾩹ñΪʲôʵǶʩЧҰˣ桪
ҲͷӴܣȡñػ׷ںߴñ磬һȺΧƽ
ñϵİɴҲӣյֱʱһɻ
ã
һ̻סӣڿŮɲҪƤҲһ̾ͱһ͵߿
ػɸɿһ˲ͷ
˶һΧ˹ʵʵ
ͷ𣿡˵
Сæ˷ķ٣οҡ
ױ𣿡
Сϸ϶
ػɵͷ½˹ת
ǰضɤӣ߰ߣҲ㣬С


56 
һϡδִԱֻǡ
ع, 㱨ľ׸һͣ, ˵
ͨҪж, ߵĶ˲, ߵг۸ľϺΪڳ빬֮ʱкľѾǼ
һãҲڳŵԭ, عٿһڸ顣
ؿڵʳΪ죬۸ǲֺȶģܵΪ, һ, 롣޸Ҫɵ, Ӧлдˮ·, ȼü֮ͬʱܵһЩƶأ޼ҿɹ, Ӧ첦֣ӿ񾩡
ɫƽǮӺδ
Ȼǻߵ˵
֮, ֮, ҲòŰ˵, ֮, ΪͨѡµúЦжǮ, ϼǵ, ȥ꣬ʮǧǰ꣬ʮǧƽû򻧲֧ǮһСҪǻûǮ𣿡
ɳС֣С֮ӿ񾩳ֻ¶ˣص
ֻ뵽û׼£뵽ȴǻɿںյĿҪ˭µúʢˣ
سĬߵɲвƣеϦˮôͣͲǰĿʡЩˣֻҪ˷ڣҾԴԴ˰뷨ӳŹģ
ʡҪôʡͣٺ񲿲ͣƾ٣Ǳ̲£ǹ޺᲻ޱ߷
µú͵Ŀɨصȼλ飬Ӧ
Խӵ⣬˵Ҫ֣ԣǻ֧֣ǻλԳǮǻûˡ
ڼž
ֱʱ׵²Żڣ˵£ؼìܣҶͬţͬΪ°£λһ⻧Ѵ
ĻٵҾֵô
ٵһ£æµС˵
ȡҿУôɡ
¡Ҿ֣˵ˡ޶ֱۣԡǾֿУǷУ
⡭
£գֲ֮Ĳȣ˼
˵
¡µúҾֵˣѾ˷䣬ֻ֪ĲȺȴ֪˾ȻֹУ˴εδִԱγ񳱣Ҳɲ򣬸οмѹͲϾֻڶҰʱŻ췴񲻹һС֣δ˼϶ŮϾΪʲôΪһڼұܳԵȷҪ˵ĵ
˵Ҳе
üµúͬ
£
ٵֻԿۣǡڴʱһڣ
£񾩹
ٵüЦǣ
ضٵ˴ٵ߳ĻԽ
ɻˣаΣ
ضüĿ
ʣ˴صҪĽڷİ£Ľȫ飬ܺһʮˣʮˣﴦʵߣļ۸ǳҩݡ޷άƵȺµׯÿʷãṩܼİĿǰȶսһʵ¡
СҲȥˣٵ
У˴ξ֣󡣡
ٵЦǶúã˴λѶ٣¾Ҫ죬ʿɲҪ强
µú͸ҪضѾ˵
ΪΪŮΪԼĹҾңΪԼĸЧһǹ£䲻ĳЩǰ㣬¥̾¥ʤ꾡ĴԼׯҲһݻҵȲ°գ񾩳ʩҩõġ
ٵ֣ж˵ĳЩˡɫڡ
ҰУ߳һһҾף񾩹ţʵΪŮ֮ģ
ȡ֮֮ˡضЦʢޣҵ
ǫˡתλϣΪһŮҲ壬֪λǺ뷨û꣬һ£ȡһְܰգ軧Ʒѵİ취
ʲô취µúü
Աи
µúЦһ˵һΪʲô÷ӣΪиūǾǾ;裿
ȻҪǳ͢Ⱦ裬һͷáأԸңһ
ػδ䣬µúѾԲ۾
ҲڵˣҴңҲһı⡣
µú̲סˣҪˣһѹסĸ첲ֹסĳ嶯
λϵĿң˵Ŀⶼϸϡ
µúǿŭ˵λ˼Ҵҵһھһ֪ˣΪƷԱһôҲиһǧٺ»أ¼ССԸΪ͢ʣҸӶһٺ»
ɡ¿ڵ¼䲻ȼλʷԨĴˣҲɽգΪңԸʡԼãǸӶ˵ٺ»
ƷԱһٺ»һʮƷһʮ˵ٺ»Ҳǰ˰ʮ֣ڱˮн
ˣʣҲ
ضȡ·ϵΣЦλϸ߷ڣҾ岻ѡʱּѣҶ蹲ѹأΪ˷ƽս»ܸʹͣԸн鱦Իʣ־ܡ
ɣ
ʹã
ضɢľٶøŰٵ۸Ǻۿ
ŮؾӣʳµͶѽʵҪǮߴȫȥʲôòŵĶȥˣжٴնٰɡ
£
£Ǿ̹أ
һңѵһ֮ҪܴճȥҪЦ󷽣ЩҪʲôطڷţ
£²ΡΡ£¸壬ϳҪ±˽ȵϳͷϳٺ»΢лмԸأ
µúֹǿ
±̬ʣµλ½ɿڣ˴Ҳڸ󸨳֮һһı͹飬ǧ
ٵڸǵİο²ᣬڳҾ֮ʿָض˸Ĳķ٣°طΡ
عڣӣһƬг
г֮УµúŲضߣҧгݵ
񾩹ΪΪһ˽ûУ˲·Ͳ½ԭ𣿡
ض΢΢ЦлɹģǵҲסһʱҲֻ˳Ӧ⣬αˡ
µúûűˣ޺޿һۡ
һ³䶨λϷ׷׸ǡֻʣٵۺض˺ٵֱ̾ίˣ˶Ǯ㣬ʴﲹ㡣
ŮǳЩСǮ븸Ʒѡض˵
ٵǣ޺£ߴȫʾ⣬˶衣
ﲻź򣬶ȥɡٵ˵
ߴȫһΪһ˳ŵˣһ⣬͵
ٵݣ˵һ²֪òú˵ǳ㣬Ҳ֪˭˵˵ˡ
ʲôΪ֮ܰһǰ㣿
ٵɫᣬĬκ󣬳̾һ
ҡλӣÿ𣿡
ضɫƽΪͻ⣿
ͻ⣬£ˡٵ˵µȨ㳯ҰִϣλȴʵȨƽû˼ǻʵۣҪдＺگˣҾֳɾ֮ˡ˷꣬ʵѱλҾ°֪ʲôʱһĸλӣҲա
ٵס֣еͰɽˮĵطȥ̫ϻʣ񲻱ڵµĺã
ضʣֻؼƽ
ǡ
Ǳˡ
ٵһ㶣ΪΣ
ȣ˵̫ϻʶգһɽݶһݶۣ޼ַڣѵڵǰ֮
Ӧᡭٵ˵ԥԥԼûʲô
ݵƶһݵµۺ̫ϻ𣿡
˻⣿ٵۼ
ŮǼŮǻʺһУ»ӣµһ٣Ҳѱѯ͵ڶλʺɾɻ꣬⣬⡣
ȨȨһ֮֮ϣٽһֻдλһ١Ƿв֮ģ˿֪һǿ˽֪֮޸ǵ죬ҽŮʺŮλ˲ⱣȻҶʺΪβȥӣ
ضʣʣʻһҰı֮һΣ
ӦáٵȻԥ
µúأ
ٵ۲˵ˡ
⻨ףµͷµúͣսթ̰壬лȥӣزĴʱµ·ʯ̫ϻжȵˣ˵̩ɽҪһʯͷ
ٵ۱һ˵ɫ԰ס
ȫȫ˵ˡ
֮ⷬǰٵ۴δеĻλҪڲףֻλһ죬ܻһ죬ǵ̫ϻʣֻ·һ
ҸǺãٵ۰
ǡضµӣԸԶ󽫾Ϊ׵ִ֧ӣϵֱȺһɲСҪ©֮ͻȥͶĻӡֻṩһʵĻ˺һԡ
ٵ۴ؿض˰βס˫֣޵Ƕǣ㣬˴θʾҪ´ˣ
ضЦǸʺ鸣죬Զղ¶ϡ
ٵ۵ＺگķʽＺگһͬعĻһʥּ񾩹йӷⳤһӦȽͬ񾩳ƶϧϣʲʡµǮȫھ֡
񾩳ǵĸ¥ݶ۹Ը˲ƣ顣
񾩳ԹΪţһһнҴ˷񾩳֮ڻң֮ڴ˷ɣɣ
Ƕڴݳ̸ҲصУҲ̸۴£˵Ҿһ̾
̰Ľƣǰңһ񾩹ҪϸԽķʽ㷢ʰ񣬵ּһǧаٹٵһԼ
үپһ㣬ѹϷͷ𣿡
ˣҪͷȥɣЩҲ⡭ҲǳСȥĶˣ
үԩҲˣԵһ춼ڱ񾩹æأ
øĿڽгˡһ۰Ͱ͵ظҾû˵ֻ//ܳԵģǺõġСõƣҲûõ
үô˵Ҳ//أ//󡣬ʲô
ߣ˭֪Сô¡ۣôְ࣡
ߺ꣬նյһСϲɫϲ̫үϲ̫ү
ϸɫϲ֮У
ʰ渮࣬նڿ̫үʴأ
غͷ²յ׷ʵô£ϲǵһ𣿡
ϲԶأֻһһǧ渮Ǿ
ػԼͣҲˣȻô˻
Ͷ䣬˵˵٣
򰡣򣡡С˼رȳָͷȵڶҪһأ
سĬΣʣ˭ģ
Сɻүȥ𣿡
أֻʣشصĴϢ졣
һ˲յŭɶҲһҪ״Ĺȣһӳţ
үүǿΨһӰǧ벻һ߰οһ߸ؼؿڣ͵˻°ɣңţҲǼڶҲˡ
Сԣ̲ס˵Ϸˣϲǵڶ
ʲô˾ȣǵڶ˭
ϰСüɫ˵ǼҹʱȾ񾩵ÿһׯûӮǹأ
ӮӮʱӮ
ŭȣСŵ
һȥҲһֽȥҷҪҲһ˫ȡ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳܲ﷢쭡
ػɺĶһͬϴӱĽߣƨѾ˼µػɹǺݶµֻȸ
һߣµúĲ鲻ԸһһǧҲ֪ԼѾ䵽λáڲ¥µǸɿСᱧԹ
Ǯܾ࣬ñ߹һ
ɢϯʱһµֹ
лֱ˵ǡµúü
˿ˮ¹³С˵ӡ
µúͲˮ¹˭˵
¹Ҳţ˿鷻һۡ
Է˵ðڰڣµú͵ĺġ
ظʱСȥ鷻һӡСȥ˰ʱͷ󺹵ػˡ
һ飬ôȥôã
ˣʵǡʵǽ鷻̫ˡС̧䣬˲ͷĺⱾӡҲһˣСֽſ죬˹
µúͰŰɽӹ鱾Ϳ
֪һ
ʲôӡ˵ӣ
һ֪񹲷ߵĹ̫ʦ˭񾩹Ϊԭ͵Ľɫȴ£Т󱻹̫ʦݺʱòͬ飡󵽰նԹ̫ʦӺϸӵŭ
ֵǣⴴˮֲ֪ǺηʥһС˵ˣˮƽߣһֽӰʵʷʹָ
/СӶץ
ɣСǰʰ˴˴γд󳼵ľϸ
֪Լһһȴеµúõ

ڼɹͩһƬ¾á
ضԡ¹󣬿ڴϿ飬ԨڴţѧŽ̵ᰴĦĽơ
ضеġǡҪ˾ͻ̰ɡ
ĽţʲôƵģǰһĽ̾ۡ
Ц˻ԭλ
ͷ˼£ȻؿĽţʣ𣿡
ضרע鱾أҲ˵ۡ
δ䣬ƾ֮һʹʶţ̧۱ӭ걡ŭ۾
˵ۡ
ĽţɫӲͣϵȴС
֪δض̲סһ
̧ͷһۣ˵ﶼˡ
Ԩһΰȥأ£һʹʹУض˶ȥ
ʹĸоȥؿȻţոһ£ͷ±ߡ
Ԩļ̌۱
̧еҽţؿھһ¡
㼼ãн
ֻʣǶˣ̲֪ʱ˳޵
Ͼѩ̤Ԩؿڣһ̣˶¡
࣬ѪҺصһ
ùֵֹģάϵƽץסĽţһйɵİַš
أضоƣֱˡ
Ķѧģضʵ
Ԩ϶ûͣƫƫ˰βſڻش
ô
ض֪Ĭԭˡ
ˣ
һЩƬΡ
ʲô
һ䣬˵һ䡣
ǵһΣҵֽŽˡˣֽȴû֪Ҳˣÿƴʱôġ
ͷ˯Ƶ΢ܳ˫磬˳µӰھʯ䳺ͫϡ
ֻڴ֮Żᱧҡ˵ΪҺãΪܱøǿ˭ǿֻʱŻĶӣƽգǽҡ֡
ҼǵõģֻЩ
˵Щʱƽ·˵˵¡
ض˵
̧ͷԵصͷ᲻ظķ
㲻ʲô֣ǰ梵Сǣ۰ĵܵܡ
梱֤ΣҲ뿪㡣
ԨɫҪ֣ضɿ֣ٴεؿڣǿи뿪˱˴ˡ
˵ող˽ţ
Ľš
ҵĽҲǽţû˽ǡ

Ԩһۣ´ˡ
ض𡶶ǡûһᣬԨӴⷭĴ
ôֻˣض죺˯ˡ

ʰû֣š
ӱ˫ֿȥһ˾Ϊϴ֡
һ࣬ൽض˯š
ʱԺ䣬һαһֻ첲˻ضµͣ䣬ӭԭҪѵһ硣
ٴʱ֪ˡ
ĦĻЬ˭Զ


57 
ڵαЬѺ, ضԼĽһ⡣
ֵؿڣӲѳ
ˣ
ɳʲôСƵ, ǲĶͷ
ôģض˼
߽ġ
국ݵıضԼڴСֵĴ
ʱŽһ, ضոȡľ, һΰ§
һضָоǴڸо˵ĻЬȡ
͵ƿ꣬Ӵ𣬳Ԩ
δսй꣬˴ѵõĺ, ɹѹ˴ꡣ
Ԩһֻнëգ, ٣ƫƫʱͣһ͸һɿͰ͡
ضͼúý, ƽϢ˻ϣûи㣬ѾˣܺͰ˯һŴ
ͷͷ̬ʮá
Ϊʲôڰ梴ϣ
ˡ
ضԼĶ, ŵ´ף
¡׵, ǰҹơ
о, ʹ޻
Ȼǣ, Լһ
ضϣһ˫۽Ȧ걧°͵ͷԺҹûѡ
⡭һĽ˯ߵСް
ض챻ԻˣڣǵϰѵĻЬ
ĸӵСްûЬĦ
ضȻѣһƿ˴
̣
ˣҹĽʱ롣
ϵԨ㶣漴ʲôûƵģ첽ߵضߡ
Ҫϴ
ضϵˣü㻹ߣ
Ҵˣ梱
ϿҵǸ̬ãֻڷʱŻеĳƺϵдš´λҡĸ֡
õѪѹˣߴٵߣ
ģ
˵ʲôģѵӭ
ضѪͷ޲Լӳ⣺߿ߣ
Ԩֻ÷ˡ
ûƫƫıӰˣˮһž
̽Ϊضϴװ磬ʮɫͷǰһ̾ضķңؾһշΡ
ضѡ๬˶Ȼ˳޵֮һС֮С
ҫĿϰϰȻԱȲ΢΢üŮӡ
벻ףԼ⣬̫УкͶˣ
ױϣߵǰ͸͸һ̧ۣײںڵ
ϴĶɿ죬軭üͿҲѡװͷ棬Զض׼·õԶضķضæʱ׼׵Ҳ֪Ͽ˶á
ϣСһȻ䣬̬һۺʱضʱĿʼԵֻõƵģɢһ˿⡣

ض޲ش
䣬ǰҲ
ġ
̶ֻȣƺûмԽ䱾
ضΪԼûӣԲʲôϸϳ⡣һʱ벻©ʲôϸڡ
ˡοԼ˵󲻴˵СС˵׼͸ǴèһʱվͺˡС£Ǳ𵢸ͶշݵĿˡ
轲裬⣬϶ϣ
빣Сӣ
ʣ̶С⣬ͤрīãҪУĥɢȡͤǺպīڸһʾСд鷨Ʈݵ
񾩹Ŀ֣ô򵥣
ֵʱǶݵģоûһأ̾δˡ
Ų˵ҲգԨȥѧʱһţԶǸҩţ̻һܣֹȣǸѪҩ
ȻûЧֻ֪
ţضҪС԰һߣʳ
ȻɢʳҲܾô˷ѹȥС԰½Ӻԣ㱨ֽȡ
ƿɹľʳѾˮ·Ŀǰƽȣֻϸ
ﴦ𣿡
տ£ͬ¸йСƦߴʮٸ¡
ضˣ̻ͼ鷻⣬ٸʲôСҵ½ӺͺȻ˵ŵ½ʮ塣
ĲӦһ
лӴʮʱɣŵûĸ֪Դˣпǣ
ضһ㶣֮ŷӦˡɡǱˡɡ
üͷһû˵
Ǿò㣬ɽ°죬ŵģҲһġ
ضЩܡ
гСҹġ
ԨҪǺ˭ˣĵĦĦҲˣʲô°ֲĹˣʵʮͿɵĻ
ǣϵĻЬضֶԼĿ˻ɡ
ǲΪٳûаġʦԨŻ߲·ӣ˵ط
ԥΣ˽ս½Ӻ;ûҲûŲ
úҧҧڿڣ
ȥŰɡҸ񣬵һЩġԨǾٶ˶٣ֲһ䣺Ƥһġ
½Ӻ͸ҪӦضҪһ㣬æ
һҪԼԸ⣡ҷգĲ㣡
ض¼½Ӻͼˣ񾪲Ƭ̲ſ˵
ˡŮٵĹŮ֮꣬Զա
ضĬһᣬЩꡣ
űˡ

½ӺЧʺܸߣͰźС
Ԩӹѧǹֳϴ裬ͷҲɣ˳ͩܡ
ûضȼǸضתƵ̫ࡣ
̫࣬ڡɱɱķܲϲض
޵ǰɤ˵չΪ°һΣ
ԨȻյĵţ˳ȥ
ͩ˷һƫƧķã½Ӻƿһصİš
½Ӻվڰǰ˵£ɡ
Ԩһۣ˽ȥ
ңžȻϢعˣһ̫档
ܺã̫ı
侲룺ʹȥԺСİ̫ˣҲ̫ɣ
ŷ͸һĹԼԼڵľ˷Ƿ𻭣ֲһķ𻭣٣ǵһμ§ķ𻭡
Ʈһ޵㣬壬ʼķ
Ҿͷһյ߻谵͵ƣҡҷ΢£һſľ齣к챻һͼĻ
ûض
ûضϵӿΣ
֪ģԽԽ꣬˼ҲԽǿ߰ټ޵֬ժ¥յҡ
Ҫת뿪ľϵĺ챻Ȼһ
ӵˣ
ȥһƿ˺챻
һʮ߰ĹŮڱӵ£Ͻһɴ±壬ؿոһƺΣߴӣδüգһۣһѾѹѹѹغڰ
˺ƵıŭԨһ߿ķţ˳ȥ
½Ӻ;ڷǰûϵԨôͳˣɫ˽Ų
ȻȥԨȻ˹

½ӺͱŲ
Ѿ߳࣬ȻԨСһ
һĺ󱳺ݺײǽڣԨ۾ǰ˫Ѫںʢеɱ⡣
½Ӻͺ󱳳ʹĺ䡣
Ҫôģڣ׹ѡ
½Ӻ̧°ͣѡ
ǡ
úԨˤϣɫڵÿ¡
½ӺſڵϿԣԨʲôʱ˶֪
ԨԹŲæȥš
û뵽ǣԨûȥûлͩ
ںԼض½ӺĬãĿµͷ­ϣֱ಻ס̧ײĿ⡣
ŵȥݷͻȻŭȥֻ𣿡

½Ӻͽش𣺡ǡ
ضֱߵ轲һڣĬʱ½ӺеĲԽԽ
ô²յ˵ȼʲô㣿
֪ˣ
½Ӻ͸Ҫ˵Աһʱǰ׼˵ǣضѾ׶һĿ⣬
ҲϲŵˡǾһ㱨ﲻʺ㣬ձʰɡ
½ӺȻȥѪɫͨһ

ض˵յϣҿԾټȥ˾࣬㲻ҵǲܹһ񲻽Դϲ
Ҳϲ½Ӻ˫ְڵϣͷߵӲĵ棺֪ˡ֪ˡԸܷʲôͷԣֻԭһΣҼڹЧҡ
ͷڵϲ̧ͷ
ͩ񾩹ȥ˭Ը
ζû˵
Ŀ־ӿ­½Ӻƴͷ
Ҳˣ빫ԭһΡ빫ԭҡ
ߵͷڰĵڻ죬Ȼһֱַֻϣ

½ӺؿǰŮӣʳõͬΣϸӵһУŮӣȴƫƫϧεؿ
ļ⴫ָ
ֻһϧĿ⣬ͺ޲ýȫ׸
ȫ
ªò˵ȱ⣬ȫҲֻǿŵĲǣֻŵģªŵļֵ
޴ȥˡ
ˡ̾˿ǵԼĻ´ٷ㲻ҪǰˡȷŹ㣬Լȥ޴췣ɡ
һ仰ӵػ˼䡣
Ӧ
½Ӻ뿪󣬽
ض֣νýʹʪϸϸǰ½Ӻ͵ָ
ڱأ
ūڡ
ڱȣ߽
Ҳûȥ̽Ȫ˰ɡ˵
ڱԣмûˡ
շļ٣ȥ޴ɡ

ڱҪת˵
סҽܲ˭ʵʵ˵ա
ڱһתʱˣūˣ
ڱ뿪󣬽̿ڵҪȥҾŻ𣿡
ȥɡ˶٣˵ڰ¡ֻҪδԸǾͲҪˡ
֪
ûһᣬȥѰ˴֮Ϣ
Ԩˡ
Ҫù𣿡ʡ
ضԥһᣬ˵ˣԼɡ

Ҳ֪ôģȻѿڶǸŮӣ𣿡
ֹûǹŮ޵ÿˣ˵ԼòΣŻֻһ۾ɫ䣬Щñ
ضЦ˳زǺû˵Ǳ˵Ѭ㣬˰ĸ
½ӺͱƣߺߵһݵˣФǹȪ͹Ƶһ֪ΪȻʹ
ˣġ
ضʰһö£˾ɱӵСΧȦ
ùҪѱҪ̡΢΢һЦȡԼԵһƬӣһ˵ġ

ԽڰͰˮͽԡҡ
ˮµľͰͰɫ죬ȴ;ˮһ͸Ǳ
Ǻαأ̾˿һԵСϣ㰲Ů٣ѧ£˵ĻӶоôһ⣬ǹӣ󣬾ûһͨҲ羭ˡ
ĽźǵСײˣѹܣôõ£ôҡ
û˵꣬ľͰˮưͷϷ˹ȥ
ʶȤ죬˵ˮͰȥȥĶȥĶӣͰʮͰġ
ԨľͰ̣ѪҺһֱӿ
ԼӰ죬ҲǰδеңһʲôŮ٣Ҳ˷һֺ޲ھǰá
ʲôأ
Ԩҵģ˼Ҳˣǰ֪Ϊθ￴Щ𻭡
𻭣ø죬ҲˣǸʶŮӣԨǻðɡ
һ뵽ϣͱŮ˹һǶǷŭ
ʵ͵شˮվ𣬺ݺһľͰϡ
һľͰһ󶴣ˮʪ˸ոŵھͰˮѥӡ
£ô⣬ҵԡ裬һϴʲô
ԨľͰһעˮŽʸ¿㣬߾һ䣺ȥϴ
£˼ΪϹᣬѪᣬȥϴ𣿣
ԨѾ߳ԡҡ

ضѾϨˣͻȻһ춯
ҹɫȴûһ¡
Ԩ
Ԩһ׵ǰ¹ҫŷһʪ͸ճ졣
һʱò׼ðˣҩЧڣ˫ۣȻ峺
ضӴüգҩЧû
̧ͷһֻͷԣβ͸մǡ
ΪʲôίͰ͡
ض⣺ʲôΪʲô
ΪʲôҪҺͲʶŮ§§Ҳϲ
˵ôľӣҲˣضȡ뷨
ϲ˭§§ضʡ
㡣
ƺҪ֮ǰȿԼɵ䣬ָոڰ˻ȥ
ֻ뱧㡣˵
ضһû˵Ϊ˼δǡ
Ԩʮ꣬ժǹѪ﷢֣˵Ӷ֪ôá
Ⱥﳤˣɱ¾Ϊܣпᡣ
дˣҲˣЩʶȻѽڡ
ضͷ˼ֵ⣬⽻о̣ЩѲҪ˵Ըȥо̣Ҳش޴ֵ⡣
ڣڵԨ㻹ǵð梴ǰ˵ᷢ£ֻܺӽ𣿡
ǵá
У¿ԷΪ֣һ飬ǰ飬顣ӵ
ᱧסꡣ
һһ̵͸ʪڵ
ᱧ˱漴֡
ˣˣ˶ɡ׻׻յǷӵȴֻܱˡ
ϵĽʲôȻ˵
ضһ㶡
ʲô⣿
ԥûָ顣
ʣ˺Ͱ˽ϵĽʲô
ѧ
ض룬ȷϷޣ
۾һıתض֪Ҫʲôƨ
ǲ޵ģ
ȥĵطǻЬɣ
ҲΪʲô
˲
ԭΪθýˣû뵽ѧ֢չֳǰδе˼顣
Ƭ̣͸˽
ҵ˻ʵۣ˭ҲҾɱ˭
ųꡪ
Σ
ضüץ겻Ϊϡ
Խ˵Խ񻰣ٺԺͲҪˣ
梡
ץסϵ֣
ҩЧڵԵʣƽǷһ⣬ģģһ㡣
ضҲ˵ػֻͷһ£ŭȥ·ˣҪǻãȥ̫ҽԺ˿ҩ﷢衣
Ҳ衣ץֲţ߻谵һĨҹɫֻʣһ˫ڵ۾գҲգؿҷҲ˺㡣
Ȼû֤ݣضǾǿǶβͶ
˵ô泩ض½Ӻʲôðαӣҩʧҩ
ð궯ݣͷһ;Ͷ˹ȥֱǰҵױ̨һƬƿƿ޹ޡ

ԼҵģѵԼ
ֻܰٲȥͱ̤޵ˡ
Ԩߵױ̨ǰȥµĶһµʱͱ֪ǽλʲôĶˣָһ¡
ضȥ˵ˣչ֪ʰ߰ɡ
鲻Ըվֱ۾ֱؿ񣬷˵㲻ңˣ
ض
ġ
ضɻشѱᵽԴϡ
Ԩ뿪󣬹һᣬﴫ̵
˯𣿡
ضƿӣôˣ
˽ĿڵɨһۣҸոŻӵˣˣ
ضӦһЩԻ󣬾ͰǰĶԻص˵һ顣
û뵽Ц
Цʲôضܾȣ㻹Цó𣿡
̫ˡЦмܵСʱû˵ҪȢĻ˵Զˣ˵ߡڱһ㣬ڱСʱû˵Ȣ㣡
ضŰɣѰҹ˯ھ²Ͷ˹
ңҴϴָڱɻ
н㣿ضʡ
ǰūиİ梣ǰոճޣū澻˺ôһϲǮأ
㡭Сʱ˵ԺҪȢĻ𣿡
ڱף˼ЦˣСʱ򲻶˵ġô֪
ضһɣ϶˿Ц⣺²ô֪ģ
Ϊūˡ
ЦǶȥգ̣ˡ

һӦǰ߳޵
ڱ̲סΪҪǸ⣿
ôʲô̷˸ۡ
ǾŻ˵Ļɡڱ磺˵ҪȢ梣ʱ򣬾ŻӶˣҪ˵
ӵ£ʲô̴ؿһۣӷԸʲôʲôϴθҵģ
СôˣһըڱȻһ٣ɵǸˣ
ĸ˵ŷӦ߳ŭڱһѣܺ죡
㡭
ڱû˵꣬Ѿתˡ
Ůģ롣
ҡҡͷǽһľ²æ˦ȣһˡ
޵ضò׶ԼĽģȻע⵽¹£ױ̨ʲôһһ
ǹⲻģϸСض̲סģӴߵױ̨ǰ
һѵζҵضϣضڱԵҵĨ⡣
һ룬һعſڴһµĴĸ룬һߣһߡ
׵ĶƤɣɫ˼ѪԵϵûбɫڵֱϵϵѪסΪʹĸһ㣬ӲϴԵʴ˼潫Ϊĸ롯
ԻڱնʵĻڶߡ
ضߵǰɴ¹⡣
ϴĹɢӰضеĴĸһʱͣ
ҹϴ֮ǰ϶ͨ⡣
ڡ
¹£ɫŴ̹Ǻ⡣


58 
峿͸һɴ, ɹضƤ˯ỽѡ
ۺ˯ֳǰضѾˡ
ҹûдס
ҹиΪҪ鷢
ضſҺɵ飬ٺһ粻ؿ
˿̵˯հ, һİյ˳ƽֱ, Ӥëĳĺ΢΢, ˯ŵʱ򣬺¶һĨɬ
ôĻƺЩؼ˵Ӱӡ
˷̳ǰɫ, ʢŮٵȻƽƽ, òãʮ湫ӣǰǸ߰һΪٵߵӡ
ȻٵѾ, Ȼϻʢ, ϻòΪǰ̫ӣ˲ıԲߵ, , ߵıλܹɹ, һ빦Ͷùǰ̫ӡ
ض˯ţ˯, , һŰ´
Ԩͨһ, ˯ʵؿ
ҹûдס
ˡ
Ԩ˵ţҪϴ
ӲŴˡضûشš
ƿ˴̣

ŻӽͩѧģԸС˵ʳ
Ӧûϴͨ˷̣ǽڱϲȹĸΪϴ¡
ضžеԼŬҵɺٵ۵Ӱӡ
ѣٵƽװɣ࣬ûֻа
׷׵Ҳֻ𪣬ԶﲻȺס
촽ȵǺٵе񣬶ӯǡôǴɫǳһЩǡȫͬˡ
üΣͣȧǸߵͣȥҲһ˵֮
Ҫ׼̵Ѱͬ㡭ֱ
Խ˼ԽԻ
һĸѾõʼҲȥˣûеڶĸ룬Ǵĸ֡
ɻ󣬿ȴˡ
ԨûѪԵϵǾ˭ǻè
֪ѾΪױϣضתͷԼɿͷȥױǰ⿪ķ
ɫ£ضһصؿһĨ
Ԩžʣôˣ
ضһ䣬Ժֳ︡ٵۺͻɵģ˶ûоߵҲǾɵĸҲǾ
һĨӺζأ
̧ӭϾߡ
Ŀֱ̹أǷ۵Ĩʯ͸ֲʲôɵĶ
ץʱšգǽǡ

ãǰī磬һ̿Ŀհ׻ֽϣضд¡ʵۡ֡
˷λʵֱۣǸߵۡۡĵۣǵĸʱغ٣ֳΪٵۡ˷ʵ֮ǰǺ֮ĵۡߵԭΪĵ֮޶ȣɱ飬ԹصߵʽƽĳΪ˷
ضԨ
ƽ䡭ȻԺˡ
ߵĵ죬ҵϵͥ˷ŰҴĺ֧ҲһԭĲ˵ˡ
ӽұߵ۸Ͼɱʹ©֮㣬Ҳǲ֧֨ԶףǸգװӳ˴˷
ͺйأͱȻƫԵ˵Ӧ
ȻеƽһѰص˵ȥ
ֻ֮ܽǰĻɹС
ʵ֮£ڸ
ڡʵֵۡ·дϡڸ󡱶֣·дϡ֡
ʣٿһС
̧ͷ꣬
ڸ󸨳λ׸Ϊмѧʿ£θΪĻѧʿءڸ࣬ҲĿǰ͢ϵصԡ
д¶ֵ֣˶ˣڸλֱǽѧʿأӢѧʿ˴꣬ԨѧʿΤʱѧʿ֣
飬˴Ǳ飬֣ǹ顣ֻΤʱûеְְ֮ʷ˶Ժ֮ס
ΪԨֱ۸ܣÿ˵һ֣߽ͲеֻһеְϾֱߡ
˷͢ǣһȫڸ֮ڻʵۣͬķ֮壬ǳ⣬Ϊؼĵط
ڣһϷ
ض̺͵Ĺӡ
Ŀ̺ѡһˮ̺׵ˮͣǰ
ˮͣһһȡġӡµԭ͵ˮСվ̣ģ̬֡
һСѾֵĵ
ǰЩʱæռ䣬ĵˮС˽ӱɼƷ
ˣҲһض˵ȡһöҪӡ
ԨĿɨ˼ۣȡһöӡ
Զ󽫾Զض˵游Ʊ߹ʮԶ
֣Ҳȡһöӡһö´ƮƮò浾Ůӡ
񾩹ض˵ѱ޴ˡ
Ԩ̧ͷﴽһЦ
ÿȡһöӣضͻһ˵ıûһᣬһһطʣµӣ
ض˵ǵһϷüѶȣĬӪڵҲѣÿι˴˶ֻܳһöӣԵٵñԵĹٵòö٣ȡڹԱƷƷһ٣ÿһͶһ١𣿡
ˡ
΢Цա
˿ԼӪӣ³
ı㣬ȻӼ壬ҿµúΪʣΪ˱ȫµúͣ±Ȼá
һֻʰµú͵ˮСˣǰֽµС˺һ
ΪҵӪ˲ţҲжĥɱ¿ºµúͬھ
ѩ׵һɨ߶ˣһ죬ˮСˡ
ˣ񾩹һǧٲˡ
ᣬСԨ̧ͷӴýĽУ˫Ķˣ˲ãѤ·ܹڻб
Ө͸ͶӰģ϶ۻ
һ壬ܿˣʤԶ
壬֪𣿡

ԨԼǰտյˮֿͣǰѾС˵ˮ͡
ѡһλ֣
һֱֱȥӲüơ
ٲ£֪
Ҫһ㡣Цˡ
ʲôʱ򡭡
֣֣Ȼ˵ˣôÿȡһҾԵȡһöƵӣһĵѱȫ壬ֺʤ棿

˭ȡ˭ӮԨü
ǡضЦϷͲôġЩӣڷʱͱ

ԣоԣ˿Σֻܻɡ˵˿ˡֻ·һ
ЦţȡԼ񣬷ŻˮС
Ϊ㲻ܶκ˻±вʵʵĻ롣
νʵʣָˣἺΪˣָ죬ȷ硣ԹʣؼɭȫƿغεģֻԼ
𣿡˵ɡ顣Ϊ
һӣʣӵһƬ
ٵۡȪ̡һϤ׵ϣýģǵס
̧ۣ˵Ϊߣ䲻𡣡
䣬ڱɫص
ժǹֳˡ
Ԩ̧
ժǹض˵֮ժǹô
ǵˡڱĹڿ棬һͨĵص⣬»ʮңһʬڲкϷˡ
ڱɫɡ
ʲô
ɡڱ
ضһ㶡
ɡ
һִ˵еĢò״ɡԳΪɡֻڻֲɡʳѪҺɰתɣǺҩ»زٵҩ
Ըĳ󣬸»ͺɡĺ׹ʷӡ
ԭôΪġ


59 
ĵصֻյĻѷɼΧխĻ⡣
̲齪ǰͷ·, ʱضСĽ¡
ӵص, صѾںܶˣԳ֮, ӦǺʱڵĲ
صľͷͨδضʡ
ͨһķϵ

ض˵񾩸жԶ
ֻһ㡣ش
ضϦҹժǹѪ䡣һջٹһʬ, Ŀȫֻʣолɡ
˽֪, ֪ϢȴֻǻŴٵһͨ, ȡ˽Ҷȴ˷Ϊ⳥ˡ
֮ô, ǱѶ
뵽ʲôʡ
, Ͽҡ
, ԭƿض£µ룬㻹ʣ£֮У̲һ
ѧǳԸ˸߼
ɫһ˿ΣЦ΢ͳ뵽һ, Ѫ䵱, ˴ӵص, 񾩸ˡ΢Ѿȥϲ񾩸ǰĳۼ¼, زվϢء
ضԴ˲ϣǰ飬㵱ʱʲôۼҲû
֪Żӽǡ˵Ż˻˵֪ʲô΢˵񾩳ҪصʱΪŻҲͬһء
ŵÿնҪȥϰ䣬ңŵܴժǹʱѲǵö£ڸһɶժǹػû̲֪öء
ЦˡЦ
ʮУ˺ɡǰ
ܿµˮӣ΢΢롣
ضңһɸζ˱Ƕ̵Ĺ˲üڱǣض治ɫһɨ
̲С߾ٻѣҡҷĻڸ̦ʯڣεӰڰ׹ǶܶʱһǸĹͷڽ顣
ض̧ҽţŽһֹ֪ǻʲôͷĶýżɨͷ滹һ㲻֪ĺýŲȣֲȡ
һ
Ǻɡһͣ½Ų
ָĵطһţ·ľ׮ӣضδ߽̼һһѽ
ˣôܸۻĶ
̷ŭǰ
һŻ⣬ض˽µĶϸ˵ǲһһˡ
һȫڹǺУֻ¶ˡ
˫ĿգɫһƤ­ӡϷöѾɱήİ
΢ֻǽҪĺɡչʾˣδ֮У
ضڽֱᰴһ£߳
˻𣿡
سˡ˵﷢ʳӦǵ̮ǰ˳˴ιʳˡժǹ̮󣬽ҵĵ·˵òιˡǰӦʶͼӵֻǺɡĸѾ֫͵Ϊһ壬δɹ
̫ҽԺ˿ȷǺɡ𣿡ʡ
ҽҲδɡòɡǺرֻл˲֪һȻ񡭡
ҲһĻˡ
ض˵ڱ
ūڡ
ȥ̫ҽԺϹҽɡժȥоҪ֪⾿ʲô
ֵֵ̲İɡҲҪ֤̲ͬȡ֤Ƿף
ضŲæ̧̲
ǡ
ҷ֮˰кȥͱ˵ա
ɫ죬ȴ޻˵
һյʱϹپҴҵùСήĺɡժﱣ
ضϵľˣȷת뿪˾
ֱ뿪Ŀɨܵͷһң򿪵ţ̫ӡ
ܵһʮңԣֻоͷһŹġ
ʹıŲߵǰ˽ȥ
߾ٻѡ
һԲγӳǰԡأֻǳˮѸɺԣصɢſԭ͵ĺɫ״ĸ׳ڳӱߣгϸ
ʲôõģڵ
װ˵
һŹӰ߳һ
һŷһȫݣҲ̶õˣ̵·ԭվ񾩳һȺûע⣬߳ŵЩû
俴һۣ°˸ߵĳӣһ𼸿ɫ״￴˿Ȼ첽߻񾩳ǰʿǰҾҾ֣
Ӧҩԡĳӣ³Ķҩ̯֣ĺɫ״øۣǺɡ
ܡЦɡо綾Ұʷطȥҩԡ
½Ӻ̧ͷͶĿ⣺ǡӦһ仰
üʲô
֪η
㡪
ʱ̫һͥǡмأפͥĻʵ׾һˡǲ֪ʹ֪ƣ룬ޱȣҲ⾪ˣ˱նϺ˰գʱնλѾʼϵļ¼Ļʵ׾ɺطɡ
طͥԺ֪ҵ˱ǺôҩصĴҲͲѽˡ
ǲã˵˵ȥĲ²⣬ͥǡҴδ˵ҲоСϾʱĺ죬ܵ棿
ôʽˣ֪ҩʹ˻ɣ
޻̸֮ҩ
ǰһҩ˺ɡƳɵĸ»࣬Է´˸̫飬ȴ䷳գǿ壬ǱҲΪˡڷôҩʧʧǣ򱩱жͥǡԻʵ׾ÿһԭ򡣡
˲ͥǡܸ˵ҩ»࣬»ʧȻʱڣвٴٹ˷͸»ļ¼ǽûĶǲڣôд붫󶼲ˡ
ɫǺ죬ҪſڷضЦӺͣʿɶֹɶԽ񡣡

ѾĻ˵½Ӻ͸ɴ˻Ⱥ뷢ǵ˵ĽɫǺ죬Ųվԭء
ضһ۳ӱߵĸİתȥ
Ԩձժǹʱ򣬻ƤҲ۴ˣбʲôĦĺۼƤⳤһ𣬰׹ϡɼ
İѵص׵ˣҲǼ£ǻţȴǿһǰĸضҲһ¡
֪ģܻ֪
ΪĲˣֻҪˣԶ㡣Ԩ飬˵Ǽ¡
ض߳ժǹĿϷ뿪صͩ̾ȥ˺ֳԡ
ԡء
ܻںֳضʱȴǲþˮͻǸյҩء
ԨһνֳصķӦǣ֣ѻٴеǣԡء
ժǹҩζΣ֪յķӦһ
֪ΪΣЩԨ
ŻѾôĿ˵
ڸ˫۽ˮĽͣ˵ѧʱѧһˣûо
ʵǾ˵ġ
Ժʱ򣬸о˴뿪ˡ

֡
ǹŻа취ڵڶϳϣԻκʦ˵ģҪһ𣬲ܳꡱ
κʦһȭڹ¥Ų˼ƣ
Ҽǵýǻѧһӣ
ǵû˵ǰջѧǱߴŻһ컪ѡѾѡˣȥλ׸ѡ֮ӣҲ˳¾һӢˡ
ضûлشת˵½Ӻͺڱ
뿪һᣬ½Ӻͺڱ
ضڣɡ͸»мȻкɡͱضǲ֪ĸ»ͨʱգа£йע֮ˣǽϸ»ˣƤ϶Ƥ״Ӳ˽ϺڣǵԸ񻹻ÿŭǱڽϷӦĩǰҳЩù»ˡһֿͨ䡣

ȥɡ
ڱ˴վŲ½Ӻͣջϵߣת˳ȥ
Ӱʧض̧֣ա
ղˣū澻ûˮء
ˡض˵α֪ͨѧҪ³Ļѡ֮ӡ


60 
ѧ־Խ, ±һ, ͵Բһ, ɶ칤䳡Ҳһ
ѧ䳡ԭǸȻӣ񾩳㲦󣬹Ŵ˻εĹµƽ̨Ȼ˾, , , ǧͬʱ, ˵񾩳ˣǷŵȫֱʵ䳡Ҳͷһݡ
, 䳡ڼȫѧѧӡ
һһȵĻѡˣİҲˣֻʣûµѧǶ䳡, Ҫۼ֤һĵ
ü۵ѧڹ, ˱ʣһ̷Ԩǣ
Ⱥĵμվھ, ߶дȺӵ
Χı̨ϣһףѪעֱ۱˷
㣡̫, ˵д, 㵽Ϊֹ, 㾹Ȼ۶ֱۣѷߵس̨Ϻ
겻мŤһЦۣ⻹ֻľѣҲ̫ˣ˵ﲻʺȥİȺɱĳһҡͷԣԻ
ΧߵǶЦ²ܴĿڡ
㡪
˵סѣС˵ˣǲǡҼˣ߰ɡ
Ϊ˳ͷȴʲһţѣ첽ǵĶ档
µ룬һʻòȺ׵ꡣ
һռһ㿴̨Ծվһ̨סȥһηβ΢ںβڼϣɢ֧ǰϥһ÷Ƶ«ɫ۽ǣִ۽ϣĮ޶ԵӸµؿŲ߽Ķˡ
ʮŷ泿ҵǻ̫Ժ󣬴㻹֣Ȼ۶ֱۣ֪һùΪѱ𣡡
泿һ̨ϵϹס
Ըʮӣһֱۣ
ڻѧѧӴҾƶѧ˽ѧѧӸᱻѧ򶯣ʮ㹻һһڳһ걥泿óۣǳʮ㡣
̨ף˿ֱۣοˣֻѾʣŵۣҸӻȥ
мظոյͷһʹӿţҽ
ˣֱ۲ȥҪˣǾͲˡͬذڰͷ̨ϵԨȥܱܣȥɱɱɣ
Ԩֱֻ֣аû䡣
еˣʡ
һ̭ˣԼһûϳ飬ȵֻʣǲֵġ˵꣬ʣѹᣬϡ
ˡûڣԨѾվ
̨ϣһ˱ѪĴ̨ӡ
ΧǵǷ˷ܵĻк
ԨԾ¸̨Ѹ͵ĶչԵҰޡվֱ壬˸߳࣬ü£һ˫ĵ
ӭ⣬˫ں͸ϣžʯ䳺Ĺâ
ȥ
Ԩ̨ȥ
һ㶣عʱߵ̨¡
泿ıӰ̷Ԩ泿Ըհ
ͷҲûأ泿Ȼѡ
̷ԨΪͷǾûʲôɵĵˡһ߰οһΪʱľҽȥ

䳡Ȼ죬Ա͹Ա칫ѧ¥ﰲ
ԺУڶ񾩳ġѩϪͼ޲ڣάʫһ仭漣ѵһ볤ղءѩϪͼ
ҲһضŲյ΢΢Ц֪鰮㽫˻תҹڹ˻Ӧ֮ĪҪƾܡ
˰˵ĹκˡѩϪͼ
ҲҪͶã⣬ض֪Ͷ˵ط
̸Цʱ߽һµӸ
ߵǰҾֵף¹ٽ񾩳
нĿضһ룬Ҷûйÿؾ˸
СȪݼ񾩳
ضһ٣²յ̧ߵ׵ӡżӣɫԼףӦϴ媶ΣȻòã˹ˣĴҲȷֺ
˵ʲô
СȪɽ̫ԭˡȪüĿ˿
Ȫɽ̫ԭˡ

պʱԪߵ˷顱˷ùѪͷѳ˷ͶԪΪԪͳһԭܱСº͡һʱضΪ֮šͼ߷޼գ룬ⱲԼ
ȪˣԪôһû
һôķֱĲ׳ƳӣѲɱ˲ɣ
Ҫˣʡٵ
˽ⲻֻ࣬ϣҪôԼӪҪô͸ɴ಻Ҫˣʹ֣ҲΪǿԸµˣǾﵱա
ҪԣʮҲ򲻹ʵڼʵǰֵһᣬƤһùٸԣٸУǧܿԡ
ʱڣ˲ǱǮ߶ҪҪĶǧԴ֮ס
˲ź͵һʹòϣҲҪԼ
սʱʿɷˣЩΪ²ӵҲͬ飬ǻ˸ô۵ͷˡ
ȪǸ֣˵ա
Ȫײض΢Цæ۽⽥ˡ
ˡ
ݼԼİͽضޣй⣬Ҳ΢Цϡ
Ȱũ㿪ũεɣ
ضԤĲüΪ֮һ㶣Ȫܿ췴Ӧһ˼ɵس
ȵĿǰȰũںδָ˾ĽеĿУеĹ壬ǵʱֻƬ̣˻شǾʾס
ȪºضʵĽЦԺΣ
Ҿֵϸ⣬û¹ͣԶ˴ߡ
Ʊѡ׽컪ѡ֮ӣõȻʵ顣
ضĿޣԺ¶ЦݣȪɫأȻضȥ
һ֮룬Ӧʣ
кѴضʡ
ҲСѧʵģȪ̧ͷƽȵ˵θ󣺡Ҹţֻĸһ˺ཫĸǰһ𣬲鷴ҽС򳤹蹬ҽһãԸûѡнӦʣ
ĸ׵ܷȫƾһͷȪϢ񣬳ŵߵȥ
еʹûеһֻֽס
ضֹסĿͷջĿ΢΢һЦТԸæڻѧӦõģҪֻǡ
кҪֻҪܾĸһСʲôԸ
ӵĲŻоȻ֮¡ضЦӿɸԼȡǰΪѧ⣿
˵Ҫ񾩳Ļ˵ʶ
ݺͽ¶ɫȪڼɫضҾֵСţԸΪѧΪȡصǰ
áضԷȪЦʵ⡣
ȪԪͷıʿ
ⱲӼȻˣͱˡ
һͬȥۿ̨
Сʤҡ
ضЦλԺ·
ҡ˵롣
߳ѧ䳡ȥ·ȣԭƻҪضһȥȪȻ֪ĸڼвء
볤ĸףȪѣض
ţڻعҽҪ̫ʱ䡣ȪҪſڣضѾߵĽ˵ҵȥԺʹ˵Ǳ֮ĸһġ
żæлȪҴȥˡ
ʴȣǻѧѧ֮̾
ТΪȣȴңֺα֮ͣض
ơޡ
˼䳡ȥضڵ
ٹ꣬ῼԵˣвܳߣ
ѧʵ񼸺ǽڹܣض⣬
һѧʵڣȪڳ£̷Ԩܿ⣬вѧͬʵڡƩ俼ʱٽǡ
ԣüԲѧԺнᵳӪ˽ͬѧҲǷ̲һ˵°ܻÿУ
ˡȻûֱ֤ȫǵ;˵ϳͣҲֻܳ˵ѧӣѧƶȣǲδУ棬Ȩ˵
¶ãۼλУҪִضЦŴˣ˵ŻڻѧΣ
ɫһŻ˾ηѣĽš
ӿ𣿡ضʡ
ٽԺ󣬵²ӱĿˡ˵ˣ̲סֲһ䣺ֻĲɣ֮ѧֻѧ˸Ƥë
ȫſѧƤëҲС
ȻͬԾ֮ѧӣֻǿϣòı˷ԵĻˡ
Żڻѧܵżʵ
ڲˡ˵ΪףΪ𣬾ŻѧΪѧɣһӵǣһӵ£Ϊʱ䶷޿ɱ⣬¹ûй档
ضͬĿЦССȴ޷
䳡̨ѽǰۿ̨ѧϡϡڹ̨ƺ򵽾ʱ֣һ˷ľ·
ǰһѵС̨ס
лضȹڣ̨ףЦŻӿƲ飬ʵֻǲ֪αˣʵȣ˼Ϊ񡭡
ض̨̤ףδ£Цѽǡ
̨ϣȡ˼Ϊ񡱵ԨӲ۶һߴ˫ۣĲҽƲ񷣬޶ԣ̧Ⱦһţڵϴҽе̨
̨Χ۵縲˭
ǺǡضЦһͼȳǱķʽżЩֱ
æΪҾֵǣʩֻżΪЩ¹ס
Ǿ˵Եʣü
ûѧӾۼĹ·ߣһȸͤ
Ԩϳ߹Уۼѡˮ̭¼¼ԱдͣڵԵҪڵºϡ
뿴Ǳӵıǡ
ض˳ָȥͷͷֺ壬󲿷ֻûҵĿꡣ
Ϊβ̨
оƫıƣ˴ӦҲǴĵ̣ȵ֮ʱϳ󡣡˵Ըֱˡ
ضδǣ俼ϵĴȻ˺ܴӡ
թգ˷ʤ
ԨҪǺʹ˶սӵҲһ
ȺȻһĿ֮£һVֵĹͭɫ걳̨
תضڿò
عʱ뿪α
˽ǣʡ
ǡسк⣿
¡
ض΢΢һЦα
һλ˰ˡ
ȪԵҪ˵𣿡
̤Ьٴȫѹ򡣡ضߺЦѲ龩ܹؿ˶ɣˡ
ԪߵұۣǳҽҸͶԶʲôˣһײײ
Ԩĸǡ
ĿͶԶԨɨ˷
ĺӣ


61 
, 㱰ɣ
̷嵽̨ŭ
ұܸոմ˶ʮ, һûרʱȥ©㡢ֱ޳ܣٵϢһʱ䣡
̨ЦһԼı, ֵܹͷսϵ˻Ϣһʱ𣿡
㡪
ڴҶͬķϡɿľżһߣľ±̨̧ͷԨ¶Ƶ񣺡ҿҲֻʣ, ҾͲˡΣ˼ɣ
ԨƽϢҵĺ, һ󾪺, ľǹ
Ӯ㣬һԡ
Цһ, Ǿ, 㾿ܲһӮң
̨һ󾪺, ֻǽһ, ʱͶһ
̨Ϸ̨ѻȸ
̨¹, رƵ˵ܹۼһĻǲɶõ顣Ǻ̷Ԩ˵ѧ, һ俼ʱٽ壬һڿ, ˹ǶȭŹ, Ѿʷ׳, ĿϾӡ
ȭѸס
˼ΪӰٶá
̨¹ѧ̾ȸͤʶĽҲһ̾
η
ԭԨӾ֮˵ͷؼʵս־ηܵرɫ
͵ʱһκԨֺ֣Ҵ⣬ȻˣȻԼһΡɽ𹥻ȫԸȭŷ˶ԷϣǻˣѵߣȻԨ粽ˣ治ɫֽԽʹ·𹥻Ĳһˣͭǽڣÿιʵǽȴûһ˿촫ء
ԨķӦһӡ
ֻзӲŲ֪ʹֻߣ֪塣
ʮ£ߣ΢иƬ̣ҪһʱԨ׼ʱһŽɨ

ľƴӵı̨ϣǧȭͷ£ǲ̷ֻܣƬ̨̣ϱǧٿףȭͷҳƶһ·ѣֱһ죬̨Ȼ
˽
ɢĳɢȥ̮ı̨ϣӰ
ǱľϣץؿһֻɫѥӣɫҲųѥȻ෴òı飬һŲļ֡

ǵĺ󱳺ݺײľ壬ҲѪ
Ӯˡ
ӮҾӸµظң΢ں͸ϵͷд΢ķβһɷ
𴽽ǣӢüͫһĨŰ˵
˵ˡӮ㣬һ
ȸͤϣݺȻ
ͤм˶ȥ
Ժôˣ¶һĨ⡣
ҡϷ򡭡
Ŀת̨ϵ꣬ȻһĨͼغϵѱЦվƬӰת˲š
οҲ׽˵Ӱˡ
ΣɲǼ˺üꡣ
¡Ϸ򡭡૵Ϸǰ¡
֪˴ǰ£ضʡ
ݰ˰֣٣̸
ܹʧ̬ģֻǰ̫һˡضĿɨѾԭòı̨ü񣬵ȷмִǰ̫ӵķò
ϻѪǰ̫Ҳ˵ùȥϾٵۺǰֵ̫ܡ
èʮ֮Ű˱ˡ
ˣ׼С
ضаתǧأʵҲǶƬ̣ʱ̨Ӯһ
Ļ쳹ʣһȥҪ§ס귴˸գЩ
Ԩ˴ӵԵ˵ǣĿҪͬ飬ԼվĿһȺеԨɫתȥ
Щ½뿪
Ժ˵񿴵㣬ǿ⡣ضЦԶԨ
Ҿ֣ķڷ¹ٵ͹˾Żӵʵ
ض֮󣬱Ҫλʹ߷ֱΪϯͻ硣
ݺͽ֪Ժ⣬صͷǡ
߾УٹҲˣˬضЦʱѧ֯һΡѧӽ̤Ҳһ¿ǵķ绪
ơҾֵȻˡ
ض΢΢һЦת뿪ȹӭһ޵硣

Ԩ˵Ҳٽ׵ĳ߳䳡պÿԺȸͤ߳
Ŀŵջأ̷Ԩոˡ
Ԩͣ½ŲĶ
̨Ȼȥˡ
ԨһһȺ˭꣬Ⱦѧȥ
̷⵹֪⡰ˡ˭Ȼһͷˮˣ̷ֻ֪ԨСӵҲ̫ˣҲλԺ㼲ߡ
ѧԺ
ϡϡһʺλԺ뿪
ףҪ׷ȥ𣿡
ļ𣿡̷⵭ƳһۣȥϴĳӰɣ¡

һ·񱼣ӹɫȵˡ
вղżʶԵѧӣǡ㡱ֻû˵꣬³ͷҲصسǡ
Ԩһգŷ¡
ҲԼһ棬Ƚ۾һ˾ʧ֮ۡ
Ůƭӡ
Ůƭӡ
գۣͣ
һ·񱼣˫ӯݡ
ڶߺХϣ۾紵øɬۣʼĿתҰһ
Ůƭӡȵҡ
ѧѾߣضĳȴӰסŵŷûɤ񾩡أ
ߺһˣŷֲֿһۣö˶أ
Ԩԭأû˵
ȻǰһҪ׷ѧ
ŷǰͷػϡ
ȥɣȥϿˣûмǲǳȥģٲ뿪ҽ˰
ԨſտĴţܶȱ˭ӽ˱ƵģɳȼתΪ䡣
·ϣһ֪
䰡
תÿһŢĳ˫ȣȥ
ϼ죬İƶƬգӰӱ˭ȴҲ˭Ҫͷԡ
Ůƭӡ
Թգѹ֪δȥֻúݺݲŽµӰӡ
ƿԼСţ̷ƺδ
ﾲĵģò˼顣
ͣ½Ų޷԰εضԺŮӡ
վԺĿ⿴ÿҹǿôתͷ۵׵Ӱ΢Цš
Ԩ

Ҷɳɳ졣
õɫϼ΢Цҡҷĵ۵ɴ޴ݸӰһö׺Ʈϵķλ赣紵˴ݡ
ͷʱľȣٵϳĴǣ翴һ仨ʢȫòҲʲôˣˣ˵ƲֱۣǰԹգů˵ķ磬ɢ
Ԩ
ڶδ£ضѱ
ɵͺһ겱
ǳȵģҵģһ˫ں͸ϵϼ⣬ÿë׶͸¶żϲβͣ˿Ҳڷҡ
ԨЦΣʵӲļȴԭشת
ûߡ
ૣ
ˡ
ԨֻԼҲϼ֮еһƣƮƮ࣬վȵأҲű
̷˵Ц⴫ۼСžҪƿضɫһ䣬ʾַˡ
ţ̧ͷһȣ
Сŵһ£Ѹ֡
СŲٻζ۵糸عˡ
ضѹ
ԨؽŻصϣתֲ֡
Ϊˡ˵
أЦ
ͷûӦһȣⱻݵҧһ¡
ҧ桪
ҧ㡣
ضĿɿڴؿ
˵Ǽ
ҲСĿƣ˵ֻܸһߡ
Ц
֪ˡ梺һߡ

ع·ϣûˮõĸɾ˫֡
ضڲϵĳҧУ졣
ô̧ۿһۣԻѧЩ²
𣿡ضһ
ȻһϳͿʼĹȻҲûء
롭
ٰͣΣĿŴɴʵ磬ɫް
ʲôأĵصȴš
롭ض˵ǶǴأ
ʲôǶԵġ
̽ŵƮŻˮϴӣ
Ż׽׽ˣҲΪ̫࣬ңҲŮӡŻӲҪչֵܹ˹أ
㵹ᰲοˡضЦ
ǡ̵̧ͷµģˣҲǱ˴ˣ͹ûйϵ
컬ֺ࣬Ժˣ
ˣĹĵ̾ǲˣôˣҪһ֣İɣ
ضȤЦ⽥ȥͶ⣬鲻Ѱ֪̿о⼴£ȴš
ϼ͸ɴ޿϶ϰ߲ϼģȴղеĻް
껹ҪѱǣȴֹˡǷ׽һŤӶƴӣĴҵԣȻǺ£Ԩԣֻأ
վڳ˵ķֽϣԱģ
գֻק׹
ģԼ˲ӸСָӿһƵۣǧΣһΣĳϺϲǰһθеԲλࡣ
֪࣬ϲ
ɴߣɱ
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žʣĻ嵭ɽİڣڵ
ˣԷʰŻסա
Էͩڣ˵òԶ˵ҲҪһʱ䡣
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㣬Ųӯݼ仹һ׽͸㡣
ϲǿЩõĵģ֪ȵĺóԶˡ
Ԩĺߵ᲻Զһʯʱֹͣ½Ųɫת䣬߶ŶµӰ

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ͭɫվϪˮУôҵģ
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߳ڻӳĻϡ
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ߵǰӹָС
Թۣ˹Ȼãһѱ⽱ƺ˵㡪
¶ɻ󣬺ؼȥ
ټϣոտٻһ׮õĹ¡
ʲô£硣
ȸѡ˵ĸ֡
װ˵Ŀеضϡ
Цȸѡлѡ˭Ҫǰεͷʹ򸸻һͣδⲻһȸѡļѻ߽㣬˵Σ
ñµɴڵߣ뿴ľʧһûС
ضƮƮɴޱ¶һް΢Ц
Եɵģһ
ǿסҪߵıܣԼԭϷ˵߽һֱñ˵δⲻ㣬ܵܶڣԵĹأ߽㲻ñ˵׼һ۾ԼΪԼ͸ʣһأ
װе˴³ЦеԲ񾩳ԶҲʮδ޵ʵ
ʼҵĹҪЩ껪Ȼδ£Ҳ̫ˣ۷ŵδϹ
ڻﻰ⳰϶δޣЦʿΪЦ˺ЦʿҲΪЦ˺
̲סȭͷһ䡰ЦҲҪʿɶֹĸҲΪ
Ц˺˶ΪѵӴʹǼǿŮҲۿ죬ǿջЦˣñ߲ȡõˡ
˭ҲûϵװϵŮѩѻ֣ȡͷĻ
˵ǣñ˵㣬߽ȴ֮ˡ
ɴ֮¶һݡ
Ůӷѩǣߺ崺΢Цͤͤվڴͷ·Ϊעһ硣
һ̻ЦʿǱס˺ҰٿȻûʲôӦڴͷӶʿ˶ա
ض˿֮ǰӰ죬ɫƵᣬĸ֮ý֮ԡǸʵͷкβɣ
񾩳ˣװʱڣԭ㾮ȻĲͷҲʼǰͷȥ
ݸʿܶһҲǸ£˶Ҫţܹĸûеϵȥ߽ðգһи񾩳
ο񾩳£ʵʵڵľˣȢ׬ڲϣʱϣ
ŶȻľ棬ɫƣһ۵Ͷʿеһˣ
޿ĻûУ֮׵ĻᣬһҪպˣ
һ˴Ⱥ߳񣬸ȥϾŲͱĸС
ҲʿһԱ
л⣬²ţһԡ޿һߵſڣӹ貽ĳڳ׼ĲƣСһǳɣ׼ʱ䲻һգۡ
ãȵ¿״Ԫɣ
ԭӵĲʱˡƣɵûǣȴ߾͹ˡ
ȪûԶ˭һǨ
޿תʿɨһ̧ۣվȥˡ
ʾˡ
ĽԱˣʿֻǷȻͰѹݸһˡ
ѹ梣޿ҪӮˡ

ضվڴͷ·²ؼ˼ǴЦ
ɫӵؿһۣյüëѲҪȵòֱɵСӵʱſʼ

ѧεĶƺƵϣٶ˻ۣ˭߶Ҫ࿴һۡ
⽭ôôˣǣһƥ͹ˮĺɫɨŽΧȺڣ˳ǵĿȥɻ˭Ҵ󴬣ôɣ
ѧѧҲע⵽һĻ׷ͣ½Ų
ϣӦɢ˼̣ĿͬķżͷӶ˴ɫ졣
˳ǵȥԼһڶƶ¿ʻεĳ
ɶͷԣɣȷʵǵһμôĻҲھ;۵һôɣ
̷δװ壬˵ͷкܶˣʲôأ
˺̷ܶ࣬⻰δ䣬һվڽ߿ֵĲӾͿڵѡأ
ʲôԼˣʶʣĸ
񾩳
˭
һ𣬲ѿڶ񾩳
ѳڣŲոʻĺǰʻĲͬһˡ
ֳÿֵº׺űӡ̧ͷһ׳ĺɫϲ֪ʲôʱһ꣬纮УĨϣֲ
ӽһЩڵء
񡭡һ£Ȼ˵ҲҲֻ˵ģҸû崬˳ʲôأ
һ˵꣬ռƵģתŻŵˡ
ȥԨ̷⿪ڡ
̷Ҫȥ죬һͭɫɫߵ£ɵˣϵǲμӻʿ͸񾩳
̷¶죬ѹ¡
Զ֪Ķ˸ٻ磬˵ҪΪʿŶӱȲء
Ļ˶Ϸ𾪵ֲǳĸףôֽܲĻ£
ƴʲô취̷̾˿
ϵԨôá
̷֣ҡ
£¹ش̷ⲻòгƣƴ󣬴ʱ˺Կ
ȻԨֺܾҲܾ
ݵĶӺ̷ⲻò˱ŵĳͼͲ
ѧӣβīǹ
ĹǡԨõġ
Ԩõϰȴã˭֪ڴ˿ó
ԨУɫֻۿɼ
ݣ
ɫ䣬˫͵ؼнǣ֮۶

֪ľǽϵļʸѾ֣ľǽٿذٻ˶СҲ۵
ۼѾŵͷһҪ䵽޿ڽʼδ˵һ˳

ˣһ㶣üͷʿվҲɫ졣
ʿïʲô֣û˵ѡ㶼Ȣ޵ˣվʲô
ï治ɫѡ˵ģ̵һʼ˵Ҫ͸һıҼȲȱӣҲȱֻȫ񾩳һ
סҲסֻضɫݣ¶һĨЦ
Ӯˣкβɣ
ïһ񣬴ߵǰӹ󣬰ڳơ
һѻĳǰ£ï׼ٻ˶ϻϵ׼ġ
һ
ٻһֻϻζסľ֣ļʸͣڱٿذٻһСǰƬ̺ɫҰ׵ڵء
ಣһ
ʸ׼ȷش͸һֻϻͷ­ڳ޿ɫˡ
ʵʲôͷ
޿Ըصصٰۡ
ˣԭǱ޿ȥԭ״Ԫ
ֲҪӣʲôأ
ת˲䣬ïѾֻϻ
޿ǰУï˰ٻϵϻⳡͲʰˡ
ǡôʱı䣬Ҳתˣװϵķú죬ïɫ޿ɫһɡ
үվߣ
ïͷڷӰ²סϸ΢ĵ
ͷٲżҪ˯ˡ
δ䣬˶۾
ïĵ֧Ҷת˲͸ոðɽֵһֻ׻ͷ­У
װһƬžĿ࣬Ҫ˵ٻͻ
ವһһֻʸ͸˰ٻïļʸ
ᣡ
һײ죬ïļʸ˳ͼͷ룬бѳƬͷֹߣһ״İݡ
˻ûӦïĵڶҲͬѵ죬ڵͬʱ飬ͷߣļʸ͸ʵľİٻüͷӡ
ʯ䣬ïȫͬĴ
ٻСѾŵñͷ£װϵŮҲҳһţвϡ
ҳһļװϣضؿŽһ߲񱼣һ칭꣬Ⱦ棬͡
˵ŵģÿƾֵķʽô⡣
ڱСö޿ϳ˭˼ԨΪλðһһݵͷ
͵޿ɵŸʲôǴ̿ͣɱ˭ɱ˴̿ͣͻƽǧ
֮±·򣬲ʿʼҹҼ
޿׼׼ï꣬ضһɫߵȪһն޿еĹҡ
ʸžһأģضĻ˭д̾Żӣ
ڱϳ˷д̻ߣ壬ģ
ʿҲڴʱ
ᣡ
һٻïĵǰѡ
ٻƱ鲼ǲˡ
װȸú˶ţһƬǹص
֪ͣˣϵºɫУΨһɱ֮ϣǲ˵Ҳѹɢʼտżװϵضз·лգͷջҪ֡
󣬿ֵƽͻѧѧƽ򵹣һᣬϱֻʣһվ
μŻӣ
պ춯ء
𽥿Ļϣɫī
絷ϸġơ˳ΪŮȴôѲضЩ£˭뵽
˵ȷǸˣҲ
벶ȸںɫͻ䣬ֱʱȻ򡪡
ضˣˣ
ɫŭҪ˵ضѾ
ⲽԭͲʼ˵ĳɼȻŻӺϣ֮Ȼӡǰ󹫵ڴǰ˵˵ˡ
̫óƵڴ˿ඥһëضٵһ
ȡ
֮ǰïɴعȥֵ
ĳʿͬһֿ̼ѧ˺ʩҾͷݳǽ¥ţһسš⣬ݳǹ·;裬ѧؽ·Lʯ٣賧ʩࡢ·Ȳʤö١ĳҲܿѧŵݽޣһ·ȵǡ
ˣȴܾѲ˵ߣһҹ֮䣬ȫڲţмҲҲϴһգ֪Ϊɲݲݽ᰸Ը
ϵ״Ƭ̣ҲƬ̣ٴضǰ棬ڵ
Ϊο϶Σ
ΪĳпѧǰдµѪ֤Ǻ˹˰Ϊ
ȻѪ֤ΪβֱϱԱ
仰ʼЩˣıڣȻï
̰껹ܺаԵֻΪһɡ˰ٹٽɣ˸ҹܣĳԸһ󳤹ԩ׼һ
ʱſıĲãȻΪʱ
ʿɤҲ
ïͷԶݼžİըѰ
Ⱥ߿֮糱ˮӿ
ˡ
һ죬ײ˵
ɫҰףֻʮأĴˣ


64 
һ, µïϢըͷתעض˵һ˴
ϰ, ذݼֶһ
ѧѧĿؿһ̻ͬ, ҡһΪоŻ, µ񾩳ͬĿ, һЦ
һЦƨ
ŻӰ񾩳ˣ
˵һعͼͲһ䵽, ǰ񾩳ͷҲصˣ
ڱ׷һͣ, , ׷׷СèСУ׷ǾҪ
̿ȥ, Ҳһ, , ò׼òȥ׷
Լ˵İܡ
ݣ
ԨһУɫ֮ůķڶߺ졣
µ, ʲô׵ģ
һ壬Ϊ̨ǰƣö, , 
ںԾ, Ůƭӵһ⡣
ŪƵŮƭ, ˿ץ½һšѩսؿڣΪţüͷ΢΢ţԵ޺
¡梣ۿڣ¡
ף˭ףƤ֮µࡣ
Ǳ⸱ɵƤңӶĿ貣ĿתĶ
Ҳ¡߬½ü˵
Ϊʲôۣ
ɳ˫ֱۣ׳жɷ֣Ԩɵϡ
ǣɵϡ
ɿֵ§ø
ضûۡ
ۣܿѱЦݡ
梡𣿡
ʲô
ض۷ʡ
ҵ
૴ͷ
ǲǲˣ
Х
ƺִȻĿ֣˳ÿκӿѪҺת۵ѣΣΡ
ʱʹֹֹͣͣ
ôһ·ۣ±˵ĶԹԹ»ڵصװӿıת۾͵ԭת۾͵˫˫ͷ
дһȣһ˿Σ
ɵϡ
ʱ䲻ֹܾҲܻͣġ
һֱס
梣㿴
ضۣ񾩳漴ײ
̿ϴɫĳ಻ɫƬոһ˶޴Ӱ
񼤵ֻ֪߬֡
ָǷ۶˵ĺȴƫƫѱƿء
ͣ±ߣԭشǡڶ˽£ŵſȡ
ѱǣ˵
梡ҪģҶ㡣
ˡ
ǻײ
һһ飬ĺ
һɿֻ֡һ̻ѱ޺ٿ¶ʳߵĿת˲˵ֱָָġ
Ԩ𱸵ؿ
ʲôƵģͷ˫ں͸ϵӳݣҰ̬ԣΣϢ
Ԩ
˿϶ǰһغͣ¶
ض̧һһٵ㻹С¡ⲻζͿ¡
ΣеҰȥ
ʺá˵˵ġ
ض˿ǶˣûĻ
ȥ룬ΪʣҪȥ㣿
У
Ϊʲô
֪Ͷѧ塣
Ҳѧᡣ
һ᲻һ
Ҫ˷ʱڱҲϡ˵ġ
Ԩ
ţ
һ𣬰梵ĵѪѹҪء
տϴУŰããơ
һƥˣʱͬƵɽ·ϣ˰
ԨıӰƾβηӿǲɫ
µģŶԡ

عضڱصˡ
صﲢ֪飬Ҳ֪Ϧ͸»Ĺϵ
صĹ˿гֽϷӦ
ڱҡͷڣū澲˴صˣø»࣬ҲδֽϷӦ
ˣϦ֮˽֡
ϦȻɵˣΪ˭ΪҪڴصУ
ȻʣϦ߶ˣ
ڱƬ̣ǶʮǶʮһ꣬Ҫ֪ʱ䣬ū澾ȥ
ضӦһڱҪȥȻʲôعּˣ¾ȥ¹պߡ;ŻӶڰݵС
ôȥһ㶡
ǰȣȥҲ磬˵عһҪúöأĹҲʹͩòñ˵ãūҲûҪ
ضŷͷϸܵĺ飬ֵݳԼˣɡ
ⲻС
ضΪǹеĴ·ɫðա
ڱŽӹͷĺ飬ˣСذս˻
ضͱ£ָá
Ӳñūñĵڱ˵οūǲڹˣȹЩˣҡҡҲ͹ˡ
˵㡣ضЦԼգññΪʡ£𣿡
ū֪
תйһϣضʣҺ;Żӣﻹʲôˣ
عһлӹĸ»ӵɺ楡
ӵʵҲӣйݣǽӣֻǺ
楾ǰ빬Сϣδӣ񲻵֮λҲˣ٣
ضԤڣڱ޵ٴΰ
ڵôպҪȥйԸ㶫Լʰ
ϦڳϣԴ֧ɢ壬°͵ͷƵ
ˡ

պ˷ޱſ
׵ĽӿӺƵڶ࣬񾩳˿
¹񾩳ǲԶ·ֻһ죬ضֻĸˣȻضÿĽڣΪȥ˲¹ʹࡣ
˾ûôˣ˴Ůź˶ǿȲڿ£ֱӵִ¹
ͩ̸ϱͰͰǣ˵Ҫˣ˵һ
ضͷҲ̧һҳл¯ء
̿ڹ˯ľŻӣһЦ
̾ڳ⣬Ҫ˵һǡ
ض̧ȥʲô
γŷáӵĳҲ죬̸ϣġ
ЦЦ˳
ضͷٽϥϵ귭˸˫ֱ
Ҫȥȥʲô
ضͷ
̫ôɹҲۣ
ÿ̫䣬Ҳۡ
ӣŮӣһ𣿡
ʲôһģ
۾ҵ֣ץ󾱵·
̾˿§á
ضܾñ˶ǿ飬ֱ̹ʣһа֮̽ųµ֣նһ£־սˡ
ˣôҪ£Ҳֻơ
ض󾱴˴꣬¶ˣůãͻļ̫вͣķ飬֪ʲôǡ
е񫡣


65 
ٵ¿ưïڼٺѲ, µķץסᣬѩһ鷿İͷ
ڸλϣ˻ϲŭ
̲ʹ», ͢ٹٵͬʱ, ʵ۱¹һƬ͡
¹λ񾩳ɽɽֻҪаʱܿٲ, ɽֺٲñѹ, ҲùԸžۻˣܹʽżٵ۵ĵط, ۼ
ҲҪۻ, лݲ, ܹչʾǻװյĵط
ϴǾ¥, ϴͤϴǷԷΣǽĺе͡Сͤ
ͤʯСֵʳ, Ц̣ѾĴͶһ˵Ļ, ûġҲֻ߰, ضػɣԶһġ
Сͤ, 幫Ȼʲô, ȵĽ𣿡
ȥ, һū澵δѾʻ, ͡ݻ
һĸĴĵظŪָⵤޢ
ƣ֪ĻΪǻʺˡ
һᣬδװʢͷϴεĹū澲˴ֻĿȸŽԵõĲͤ
λá
Ĺû˵꣬Ϳˣλãӵޢ̧ߣЦЦ˵ʲôأ
ˣҪ˵ءĹʩʩȻߵ幫ִļ磬Ц˼Ҷ˵ԽԽģҿϣôԽƢԽȥˣ
Ȼͤоֻʣ¯Ĺ
幫붶ϵֲֻ֣ùһεЦݣضͶȥȵĿ⡣
ض΢΢һЦһɽ髸ŵػмĿλǰ˵
Ľ㣬Ҽǵǰϲǵɽ髸⣬֪ҪԸ׼һݣϲθڡ
Ĺ飬Ҳһô֪ϲɽ髸⣿
ضЦۻʱ⼸ֱ֪ˡ
ã΢ֲóЩӸ綼ϲýĹ𴽽ǣ
ضɫ·ֺû֮⡣
ãһҪ㣬һܣøߴͣϽ㡭
Ĺߵػм䣬Ҫ£ػϵĴʶ죬žһȥ
ϻմŸмĶӣ£
Ĺչ¶Ц⡣
ãҲ̫˰ɣôܰôĶŵλϣĹǿѹŭ
ҹ֣㲻֡ػһ³Ƥб۵ôĶƽϣ֣еۡ
㡪
شĶãƫҪһֻƽϣػɲش˵ۣ
ĹüֱҪһͷζ㡪
ʲô㣿һС£㶼ҪʮˣҼƽϣޡػתͷ³һƤ
ĹһǺˣ˵ܿȥЦݣ幫ƫͷ쿴أ߹ڵͷȲ衪
ȭͷתԵĿλȥˣϵĻ˦ö㵱ॡ
һССķ粨ͤЩӲ˭û˵
ز۵ٵ۵Ĺˡ
ĹѾã˵˵ͬһĹֳӵƣɹᵶᰮϡԴԺÿμ棬һһⲻ˼ǹ
涨ĻƣƲɽ¶ˮʵҲΨһһŵ״ԪɵĹض֪״ԪɻԼѡġʵ֤۹ⲻ״ԪԸƽͣ˵Ļ
幫Ű죬СǸСԸڹʱܱĹ۸ֻң۸ضÿܰͰˣ幫Ȼ곤һ꣬ദض㡣
ڰ˹ػɺĶ죬˭˭ԸѾϰߣοһڱΪĹԼǰڹк޼ɣ޼ɵػɾĿǡ
ػӮӮڲ֮·ɳӰҪ˺˺
Ĺǰжʱػɾ·ߣǳˣ˴ǰػ֧Ŀ־壬ղŻ档
ĺŽ𻹲һ̣㱻ػˡ
ĹһһȦͣں۸幫ϡ
ã´ͷ𣿡
幫Ȼἰɫһ˿㶣Щʱˡ
ֲءĹ𴽽ǣ˵ⶫһʱͿ͸ˣȻӲᷢЩѣһ۾ܿӣ²ؤж𣿡
幫ɫѿһִżֿɬЦ
ĹͷժһǶķΣ嵽幫ͷϣ͸ɣҰǰЩ˸Ҵһ鱦ǶĴ飬Ĵʯŵ񾩶ǼֵǵĻɫ
幫Ҫһ룬ȡֲȡ£ȫ¶дΡ
ض˷ĹϵΣЦĽģŰɣɫ𪣬ˮ䡣
幫ԣһɣмЦЦ
Ĺ״¶ãҪ˵ضѾͶȥ⣺ȥҲʱģ겻֪Ƿˣ˽ĿĪɲһ˱ʳ˼ΣҪˡ
˵òȷڻ·ˡĹĸҲҪţֲ˲ƣӭ͡
ܹеĻӣмλأЦͿ๦ߣӭ͡
ĹûͿ๦ߡصĶ⣬Ҳͬĸ˵ģڱ߽ô࣬Щʲô
ػʣʲôʱܵ¹
·ϴԼмհɡĹһɽ髸⣬ʣôˣ
ʶѡػڶĶͷϣ㲻ͳһɽ髸ôķʲôƨ
ЦС˵Ȥ
Ĺɫ࣬ɽ髸ҲǣҲǡ
ͤаӿضĺգǡ
Ĺɽ髸⣬˵ҲŸþҪߣѵǶ
ضΪ⣬ЦĽˣֻǶҪعҩˡ
ػɶŪŶӣͷҲ̧Ϊ˭Ƶģ׳øͷţһ
Ȼֹǡֹ˶
Ĺ༥ػѾλվ˹Ȼˣ
һһ߳ضλЦЦ˳ȥ
½δС̼λúߺһͷʻ԰
죬ƽϣڻģضϼžڵõĶʲô֣
ߣ飡Ƕ죬ʲô֡ػţż˴һߵķʶ죺ǲǣӣ
ӣ£
ضʵӿȥЩ죬ǰҸһֻ
Ǻǡػֻͱˣĵֻӣˣһ
ӣ£
ضûвŻԣЦЦתۿ򴬱ߡ
δƿҶǰ̵֧ڷ۵İ׵ذԣһ£һ˴á
һ俪øʢǳɫذʱضѪҪ¡
ɡǰæ
ػ۰Ͱ͵ضţ̲ժȥ䣬۾һվ
Ӹͱػһƿػſڴߣ쳤ȥԶĴضȥˣæקס󱳵·ãˣһһҲ
٣
ػɺһһǶʢ
ת߾űǳɫذ⣬˷ܵժˣժˣ
ãл㡪ضЦ
ػɺȻӦͨϱͻ䡣
˭ҪңĹĵ
ضŴӶ쵽յĺϼԭλá
ضЦ
̧°ͣ۾Զգ˲Ƭ̣̲סƳضķ򡪡
㿴ʲôջǡ
ضķȻ˵Ԫڣ֪𣿡
ҵȻ֪
Ԫʲôģ
±
ԪڣǼӡض
ػɼװոʲôûش
Ҫ˭һض˵˶أ
ض۽
һεˡ

ٵ齵͹УĬӡ
ڷµͱɣֱվ鷿ٵ۱Ŀת߶ú󱳷񱻴ԭԵҰһ
̲סˣװëʣŹĴݸһĸߴȫ
ߴȫźˣȼ¯ƫȥˡ
ȡ
ٵɤӣڵ
ôãô˵
ԨɫŹ֣ġ
֮ǡ˵
ʮٵҭ˰Ρ
֮£¶˵Ҫ۾СĶӣȻֱض˵
㡪
˫Ǹմӱ̳۾ˡ
գӽʵڲ࣬Ҫǽͻ룬ҲԿ칦Ϊɣټ͹ʥ
ֻڣ˵Ǻڣǳڡ
Ķô¿ɰôְֽ̳ĵܵȴô£ôɰأ
ԨüûҾˡ
ʲô㡪ʲôѵû̹ôƺ𣿡
ôƺ
ٵʣ
ŶԨ⣬עǣҿ𣿡
ٵһҭס
ۼԨɫԽԽͷٵҲ֪ӱĲ״ǵתߣ֮Ԩϱߴţʶ׵˾֮Щ̬Ҵҵ
˵֮ˣ
Ԩżⶼתһ룬ٵ۵°
ʲô
˵ѧд඼ӣʱ롭ʲôǵӣٵ۲лѧԵĵط˵Ҳã֮ˣ
ûСԨɫת䡣
ûоͺáٵһ͹Сžһ飬׷ʵڹϰôˣΣ
ԨһʱƬ̶û˵һֻ۵Ķǡ
˵ʲôˣ
ٵۿҪʱԨ˵ˡ
һӡ
ӣһ˵ӺҼҶͬ꣬ôһӣٵһǣɲУҹԣ
ٵﻮȥ֣׷ʵ̷Σ
Ԩ治ɫŮˡ
˲ò࡭һ˵Ըϸȿɿ뾹ǸŮ˵Ļɫɲɣٵֻȥ̷֣еأ⺢֪ģԸ򱧲ƽŮ˶֣ȻһЩѺðӾ̫ЩûҲСǰղż⺢ӽԽͦοˣ
¥
ٵ𾪵ʧȥԡ
Ԩ߳͹ʱµһԵŤ͵µɥ𺳵ʧٵۡ
ڹǰڱǰһʵŻӣǻع𣿡
ˡ
ڱһ㶣˭
ԨѾ˳ȥ


66 
ǰϪ¹, ͼвҪضߡ
, ̰ɡ
Ż, ûϵض΢΢Цֲǲзϣʹʹɡ
ǹٴͼùװֽƺͻӵľС
̻һ, ¹һͷֵκմضĶԻ
κմǳ, ִһѷݣһɵõ˵ʡض¹һͷ治ɫ, ƺԤϡ
һ˵ĿɨĻľУ˵ǻˡ
κʦ˼ǣǵΥ֮ˣضЦ
ƶңˡκû˿ص˵ͷ֪ȥˣ
˵, κʦ², Ϊ˭ȼ
ƶ¡ǲ
ضÿɷ񣺡ΪΣ
˫׺Ͱܾ, ʶ, ҲֻһС
ţض˵֪ʦΪ, ǵ˺ּ
֮κγĳһ񣺡, ֮, ֮, ֮, Ƴ֮Ī¡ʲ£ʩߣΪݡ
κһҾ׺ͷһЦ
ʦ˵òԡ
δԣκ̧ͷ
ÿֶԡ
κɫݡ
յӵƣĲǲһˣͼνˡ
񾩳źӵƽĿ⣬Ȼһ˵η塣
ϵɴ޴ƮƮɣѩȹϽ֯ķﴩĵްҹʱãӲԡ
ÿһοյĲ֦΢΢ζͬѹԽġ
κʦ֪ʵºаķҰǺ𣿡
κſڣʲôû˵
̫޷кȻضȴɵ˵Ĵ𰸡
ֲǿ⣬ֻƮƮܽᡣ
֪
۾˫·ƽȴη壬ӳǿװƽס
ԡĪ¡ȴδ˵ߣΪݡκʦǵˣΪֻ֪˵£֪ԡ޳ǣ޳ǡ
ҡ
а񣬴඼֪ɡ
ȴԾû˵Ļ
ǾĻƷˮǳӡ֪˱ʹɱ˵ĶУ֮ķҰ̶֪ȵ͵ѧʵ£̶֪ȸߵˣߺ£壬ɱˡ
֮ˡа񣬱Ϊʲô֪ܹеɱˡ
ڼҲ
κձһϯȫס
ͼȻͷԽ˵۱ˣǿڷҲһѵ¡
ͣ½Ųһ֮⡣
ƶ֪ҪʲôǲɹġκڼǿԼעӽߵ˫۾;Ӯң˾նȻɣڳü

ض΢΢һЦЦů磬ȴ
¹ϳˣһֻ񶼲ڽϣһ²֪ʱ֦ͷһĺ
ֻ֪˴ҽģаħ
κʦǵŸˣҲУƽ»ǲҪˡ򡭡

ҪǺã
κſڣһҲ˵

ôˣʡ
ѵһŵ𣿡ضɫм汾£򲻵ѣҲԸ
ĵ̫ˣӶһ˳ľɱᣬֻйá
̰ȹϪ߶¡
Ҳǣֻ˲֪Ĺ֮
ʲôʱޣǸ̵ɴۡ
ضЦЦ
˵Ļⲻԡɫ϶ض׷ʣβԣ
һأҿ϶ҲͻȥбǿвҵģҶȥо仰ɱɷŹôһֻĻؾģˣͣƬ̣ص̾˿˵ܹ˵Ĺ͸ˡ
ض̿ѽҾûʲôá
Ȼûвˡ
ЦضԣȰľȡӡ
źӵƣҪȵضʱô
ھͿɡ
źӵΪʲôأߴߴʮ㡣
䵽䣬һͶ̥ߵ·ѰһյƣԶʧֲָĺڰС
䴫˵𣿡

еĻٿһ

ǰɡ
ȼĻУƯ¡
˭͵͵վ
ض˳߿ȥһżӵӰܵţɿʧֺ󣬿ΣӦδɡ
ȻλδĻӣȴû̵·ֲϣҲ빬밲Ĵ֮ӡ
̼׷ȥվס
һգۣ˶ˡ
ض治ɫջߣȼһյ͵ֽơ
峺׵ϪϣֻԼӰҲ޽Ųǵɽ֮ơ
ԣ˭
ΪҪľ͵̸
ϪˮӳŵŮӺĿԣ˫ƺ
úӵ̽ϪƢϪˮˢѩָ͸ָӿ壬ǰƬ̶ҡ
ض֣Ŀźӵ׷ǰƣ飬ƮԶ
յ޼ȵֽһҲϣԼյƣΪĳʧָ

κ㱣֪ߵ¹ͷ
񾩳ֱѾãĶȴȻص׵Ļ
ֻ֪˴ҽģаħ
Ҳǻ
ǵˡ
̧ͷźޱߵǿգһض޷Ŀ־߬ࡣ
Ϊʲô
һκղԶƽؾףȻ
һˣȻ޴棬ȻبŴڡ
κȹ̶ҡʰϵ飬ǰ֮˹һ
ƶŵ¡ԪڣعӡƶܱУΪһˡ
ºڷͦΣеĵعٺͱ¶Ȥ
ô
κһ㶡
Ƭ̶ûУû˵ɴȣҪ¹ȥ
κһѿڶƶ
ͣ½ŲĶ
κճֱߵĴָȥƶӴ·ʱūǰȥˡ
Ԩɨһۣתȥ
κ̲ס׷һ£
ͷҲûأߵúƵֻ÷˵̬ǰ׷ѹ£ƶµĻԵ֮ڱأһأڵ¶ԣǸ֮أҪ뷨ǣƶԸ
κձסӣһٱͨ졣
Ԩս֣һ˫ں͸ϵǱˮֱ̳ضĴֱ۵κա
֪Լʲô֪ô˵
κ˵ǰ󷢺ڡ
ʧȥʶʱȻ֣͵صϣ졣
¡κſڵϴŴӻɤＷƶ㡭
ڶˡ
ԨӸ½֣κܵεѹȣֽ
˵ЩһĲֵҲɱ㣬ֻΪ˻ƽ´ΣҾ㡣
¡
κ֣ҪѾתԶǿվ䷢ȵʹסԡ
ӺͼӰ룬塣
콫ҡ

ҹɫԽĽŲԽǼȡ
ڲݴеĳôܲ칬ǽͶʺӰ֪ߵͷ
ŮƭȻӰѴ
ҪͷعʱĨҹɫ˸Ĺԣô˳ˮƮ
ȮϪɫ۰İ߲ԣƮһϸ΢˵Ļ㣬յƣѶ
ǱĨĹƻ󣬲֪ϪŲ
ϴӵĳѹЬײȹҶ֣߹¹ǰȻʵһͣ½Ų
ŮӶϪߣֵĴ䣬ȼĺӵС峺׵Ϫ֮С
âΧ׷Ůƭӣһжô˳¡
ҪԼʲô˫գҲգˣҡҷ¹ӰϪˮԲ⡣
ҹ紵Ĵ䣬ݵҲ絴ʹĿעŷҡڲĺӵƣɫްɫ
ӵƻƮˣϪѹֵȡ
һʹǲܿƵȥ
ǻţҪѿֱȥ
ѥײĶʯ̧ͷ֮ǰѾӵ뻳С
ӲڷƫͷȵԨ
곤ֳţһ§һ˶Ȧ
ֻ֣ţĳϪˮʧȥ¶ȡ
źӵƣôң
㲻ȥ͹ô
֪Ͳȥˡ
㣬вȥĵ
һȥͼ뿪ض§ػ°͵ľߣһȥһŵơ
ضˣֻȷ֡

û
Ԩ
˯ˡ
ض̿Ԩ
䡣˵
Ҳ䣡ض
û֣øϵ
梣䡣
ض˵ԼҪûĺӶԴЦǾһȥա
Ԩֿĥĥ˺һᣬŷվ
˳¹عķߣض΢Ц߲żһ꣺㣬˵ʲô
˵㡣
ض˵ʲô
˵ҽ̵úá
ģض̲סЦˡ
ġҪȰҽ̺˵
˵˵
ضⲻĵĻԸЦ꿴ЦգֱΣնԣĿ⣬ѹ͸
תƻжˣ
ϣжߣ
ϣʮߣ𣿡
ʮжóˣضҲģֻǹЦ˭룬ƺǹһԼʮ߻ж١
еѡ˵Ŭ
ֺ˵ضЦִһ£泤ʮˣҪߵߡ
ǰ꣬һǼͷֱֻ浽ؿˡ
꣬ʮ壬Ӹ߳һͷڳӾӸǲ˵Ҳһơ
ֻǰƾʧ
Ұʨצֻʣë׵Ŀɰ
Ԩ볤𣿡Ȼʡ
롣ԥֱؿ
梲롣ͣ½Ųͷȥ
֪ʱѾ޷׸ĸ߶ˡ
ôʱͷԴ͵ǰ
¹մȾ˳ĽëںڳһɫķһһϤ
ϤһС
һĸȫķѱַȥġ
㳤󣬻ῴأʶı֣ᷢģʵֵһᡣ
װǰҲйһѵܹӡ
ıʿΪıߣΪ㣬˺˳˵һ䷴ƷȨܸǵ㶫ͲҪ
ȻҪֻǣٲɴ档
˱ÿ˵ԶˣֻҪøõûʲô
Ȼ̧ͷĿ͸սĵס
Ҳᡣ
ΪΪ֮Ѿǰ
ضһƬ̺󣬸Ҫ˵һ˵ӤһĹǽ
ֻգ۱ˡ
ҹɫž·֮ǰʲôҲû
ֹԨѾһŲʯʨӵԴӯԾ˹ǽ
ǽɨһۣҡҡͷûˡ
ɣǻعˡɻôû
ҴӺ汧ʱ򣬿ˡʵȻˡ
ʣְضһ¡
İƮƮģ˵ûʲôҲ֮¡
Զ󣬹ǽָֻ˼ž
ҹĻҫԪѡϨЪϢ
ǽҡεӰٴδӤ


67 
Ԫں, ¹ŹӤĴ˵йʺԵɵһ, ӤԽԽҡ
ٵ۵֪»ʺ󲡵ʱ, ǻʺʡȥ趨ʡĵ, ƽյۺҲ, ٵѪȥʺ󣬿»ҪٹһʱղŻ֪ʺ󲻺õϢ
ʺ, Ǻ˭£ٵʡ
ߴȫͷ, ر, ڴ
Ƽٵüߴȫƽʥ, ֵβ, ʺ󲡵, 񾩳ÿ̼, Ͼ鹬ĹӤһ£˲, һ¡
Ϊʺ̼ٵ۾ȵ
ر£ʺӣ˳趨ʡ, Ļʺµչ˵òܵÿ첻ǰչ̼, ֱӰչƫչĹ˵, ², ÿ׳ҩŮŮ
Т˳ٵɫӡ
ɲô⹬﹬⣬˭޳һТ
ٵ۳סߣҪߴȫæ̧סֱۣɫľ
ٵƿһ޼ʵºͺķ۵һСˣ˵ߴȫɿüǴ˭
ߴȫһƣūţԼĻӡ
İٵ˵ͬ̾ˣǰһĴʲô嶼ܿ塣
ߴȫͷٶϼ꣬Ǿأǰ˵㣬ֻǸСӤ̸˵ϣ
ꡭֻͲ˵޿ˡٵ̾˿ҲǸˣ˻ʮǾ͵ͷˡ
ߴȫ۹۱ǣǹģٵ۵ߡ
֪ԼƽӹʱоԼҪԼмＸֻһ£޸ͬʱȡǱ޵Ķ϶ˣҲ˵޵ĶõŮ
ߴȫ͵񾩳Ȼ˫
ⱲĽǶⱲźǶٵ۳̾ɫ޵Ķӡ
ߴȫ
ֻŮӵҲ޷үΪβܶ޵Ķƫһ㣬һ߽أٵ૵޻ʱСССһţӤճͰ͵ģ޵ĶСͲһһѩˣ»ˣѣСѩ¡ĵܵܣһȦֹ͵ӡҪģ޶뱧
ū澻ǵãһ£Ȳؾתū澱ءߴȫ
̫ҽԺ˵첻㣬ѻʮҲǿģһһ޿İ
ٵˣĻҲ˵
ɵĽɫƽĺϣˮԲ⣬ٵ۵Ҳˮ⡣
¡
޾һʱ򣬻ûһˡ޵Ķﶼã̫ǣ̫ˡûаҲûк޹ΪʲôһأԺǡöź
ٵ۳˵ȥˡ
ͷȥȥдĿչ⣬ߴȫҲĬصͷȥļ
Ǿ֮Ҳг˵Ƿ˵ٵ㴦ľ֮𣬸ߴȫźٵ۶֪꣬Ľںδеķǣܶ˵ܶԶŮ˵ֻܶλûи˲˵һ
żߴȫͬλ֮Ӹλܶʱȴñ̫١
͹ûͬһʱ̣չȴ
Ҳи׵ˡ
»ʺµúתĻ˫Ŀᣬ
Ϊת棬ދ޴󰭣ֻǽ˯ȣŻûŸǰʱҲСһҹֻԼТ޷ڸԾТ
ײ㵣Ĳ㣬㻹֪ˡµú̾һދǸΨһĵŮΪй֮λȲѲŲɢСӣĽ㣬ʱ˵һӣΨԲ㡭ôˣ㻹Թ𣿡
»ʺǵǧԹҲֳεĿɢˣ˥ϵĸףֹ
ÿϳ˷ǰͺ֮ľ룬ȴϵرԶ»ʺ빬ûοӣµĵŮŹŮı׼ҪԼֹ˼ڹķֶŮǰΪÿֻڴ͹ϣԶԶƼ׷ԲԵĸ׼ۡ
ĽŵֶŮĽɵĸ磬һӣʲôҲûľˡ
ÿҹλأǳ֮ǰģ籦ǻӡ
ҲԹ»ʺ޵ދ¼ҵŮԵΪ׺͸ǡ
µúжۺỨñͷʹޣһᶼû˵
µú󹬵Ϸ˸ۣסˣ˻ׯڷϣ۾ȴظµúͲϴɫ
µúͿһõļ򣬴ӹ˰۾»ʺҲӹĸֵĽӣ˲ᡣ
һβף˵˵İɡµú˵
˵
»ʺΪ˵ЩĺϢƩ˭Ȣ¸˭磬˭ϣµú˵Сȥޣ괺ڵʱǧӳ¹װꡣСӣô꣬ǰһʣֲõԵ
»ʺ֪ͻȻΪʲôûһЦһ䣬ɫɷף磬˵ˣΪʲôط
ʲôµúͲñȻϣ˵ˣ˭ҳȥϵĶӣ
һɨΨ·̻ʺĹ˶ŵ򵹡
ôС˵˵˭µúתͷοɫ»ʺ󣺡ǵʺ㸸ףǵ׸
̾˿˵빬ǿʶ壬ڿ㻹ǲʺλӣ㰡̫ʶ壡
»ʺһ㶣ʲô˼
µúɨһۣ˵񾩳סˣ
ûԼĺӣ̼⺢±Цңÿնڴǰػصܣƫסˡںҵҩء»ʺض¶Цݡ
Ϳµúͼ㿴ҩ±ҩ
磡»ʺõ˵ﻹˣ˵֮ÿҩ˹ᵱҵ׳ҩҩжǵһľ⼸Ҳڴȫǳææ⣬²չˣ˵ûŮУҲˣ
µúͻ벵⣬ԱߵסֱۣԼ빬Ŀġ
ˣɣڹҲˡµúŸ˵ދã͸ؼô
ʲô
»ʺۣԼ˻þôô񻰵أ
йӣعҲ֣ഺӡȥѰһҪ
˵ʲô»ʺ
µú͸ɴ࿪żɽֱ˵ţӣռй֮λҲûô⹬æ˲óӡȥԶ񾩵ޣСӣڵظҸзˮĹʱɾ£޾񲻿
»ʺţ֪˵ʲô֪˵ʲôһŸոջȵģ˿̽˱˺ؿĽһ׹
ދ˵أµúû״Ȳ׷ʵ
»ʺſڣҡ
񾩳⣺ĸ󣬶ҩˡ
»ʺҴҲᣬ˵ɡ
ضʢҩľڣµúͷ޴ӷܵһ󣬳Ըǡ
΢ǰ˵θ֮ԣ￼һ
µúȥǰһζĻ
Ϸȥضȳ˳ҩ£Է»ʺҩ»ʺ£ҩǺ
ĸЩ졭
ضͳЯϣ»ʺӹƿӿ˺һƽ
ĸЩôҪҽضı
ˣȵüЩ¡ӣҽϴٻ
»ʺ˵꣬Ҫӵݸĸ֣ϴĿѪֹס˻
ֻץۿɼض
ضȥҽ
ȵȣ»ʺһסɫ¡¡ϻˣҪ˵
»ʺץۣضֻðοĸǲıˣΪεԺʹϹҽĸأ
¡¡»ʺҡҡͷϸһ˿ֻ̣˵⹬ĹӤһ£𣿡
ĸ󡪡ضӣеŸˣħ֣Ҳ򲻸ҵġ
ԾӺζѾ˵ҹӤǲǡǲǹԩӤˣ
»ʺɫ̣ɫҰף߬ض֣ͬ߬һݡ
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»ʺ׻͵֡
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ĸúЪϢԺ
ضΪǺñӣ˳޵
»ʺǿȾѪӽ¯
ֻһСֳȲҪΪֶŮλ֪ʼѪǡ
£֪
пĹӤֹ˰ֹ
»ʺ࣡࣡
첽ڣū
ȥչеط޵ٶյƣ
һ㶣ûء
»ʺ󺱼ط˻𣺡ȥ
飬첽ȥʵˡ
޵ֱѻȸ»ʺڴϣģľľģһˡ
ãûգۡ

ضƫǰΪߵĴֻ˶ˮΪֽ档
¹ڱϲ̱գչƫʱֻ˽̣˶Ԩ
ʵ֤ѡûһ˾ܶʮˣڣϸġ
ôˣضʡ
ع㰲֣Ҳأ⼸նڵһ¡
ضᴽǣҲڿţйλãװҲҪװЩ
̲˫֣ӽˮ̧ͷ˵ڱǱߴϢԪ͵ǵ̸ҵˡ
̵˵˼䣬ض꣬Цô˵Ҫˡ
֪Ժ󣬻֪ôء
޹أҲܡضʣ뾩ô
Ѿ˺͹ˣӦþܵ¹
һƹŷ͸óˡضǰð轲裬Ц󹬣Ҫˡ
ضȥ»ʺһΰ
»ʺɫɲ԰ףȰǻ˲١ŸɮΪزоϣضЭ¡
Ե߾ȫЦӦ´¡
뿪ʺ޵ԡ£صƫְ϶һֳܾõһ±
̣˭ŵģ
ֳȴƫһˡ
̣
Ȼһ˫֣߸߾
һ⣬ضָ򶨣ؽгʼٸߵ֣Ԩ
תһȦʮ߾˵Ұ󣬽޺Ϸ
ôԨõ
Ű梣Ǻõġضһۡ
ֲᱻŵ֪
֪ʲô
֪ϵҡ
һ߿տյƫҪļ£ԭ޺ˣԨʮӵִ䣬ͷ᣺ϴˣ
ϴˡضֳɵԴãʲôĶģ
·ϼģ㡣
ģضҳҳôиӢ̩֮ǩ
ֱ֪׳Ǽġ
ƲɷŹ̩ϵġ
Ȼ
Ǽô
ڱôģⲻҪ
°ʹϣ˵ʲôʱŻ
ĸˣȻͻˡ
Ҫһֱأ
õġضЦ
һдĵӣһҳ֣ȫֺʱ䣬Ԩһ߿һʣ
ʲô
ضЦЦǹزĻӻŮͼա
òᣬУδ뺵ʮˣ뺵ˣǰز۵øʤζÿ˷ãԼб£б¡ûˢӣ˾֮ĶŮ
Ԩ˼
ͷô£ضʣΪβ
˵ʯ͸ֱؿһоڲС
ǹߵġ
ضһɾĳ޺ϣԼվǰһͷ
΢ĺɫ˿ųĦλƣеǹҲ˸̧ΪͷضƷʲôϡ䱦Ƶģרע档
ض̿ʲôÿģ
Ǻÿ
ضÿ
Ū໥ģضһ㣬ΪԵĻСèСǵ־õꡣ
϶˫һͲԷ
Ԩǿ׳ȴƫƫױѹ
ԡĵкűʯĽ޺ߣ¹ʡ
̵۽ںڵķ˿ܽڱ˴˵Ŀԣ
ӳ˫Уͬһ˲Ļңɫشǰ⡣
ﶼÿ


68 
һԨߺ, ڶۺ, ֳһŴϡ
ض
ˡ
Ӵ𣺡̣
˽, Ŀб, ·𿴲ϵ꣬ɫ糣Ҫˣ
ôŵģŻӽҲͨ
ҡ
ߵĿ·
˯ѵɳƵͳ
ԨȻΰѵϣָ֣شָ, ġ
˦Ҳ˦, ֵֺֻ˾Ƥҩ, ϡ
ʲô, ǹƤҩ
ضˣչһô뿪
߿·ϵսݵ¡

ĵѪѹֺˣ
ضݺһͷϣëˣͷɫֹ˹
ض
治棡
ϳͷ, Խ̵ȥˮɣһͽ
֪ζЦˡ

֪ʲô
, ѾĲȥˡ
˫ִϵ
˯ᡣ۵
˯ͷ
ضץͷϣ治㣡
ɹ糿ȥ, ó߿·Ŵʧ, ضȥ»ʺ밲
һ, »ʺɫѾָ糣ֻЩ԰ס
ضҩ¶ȣһһι»ʺº˵˻Ự˯ź󣬲Żصƫš
½Ӻ
ضһ࣬˵ա
һᣬһɫ̹ٷ֯˽
Ҫٳֱ֮جε⿴£Ǵ̹ٷ½Ӻ͵һһҲԲһӵĻ
վضŵĳǰ׺
ضǰ࣬´룬ȡ̵ֽƿڡ
̲Ĺˣ
һл˳Ѿʼ̲İˡ
Ȼбּ̲ǰһҲǳصģܿڣԼı¡ضЦܽװһ£йصĸԩһҪĽͣ
½Ӻ̧ͷĿƵؿ
ȷҪĽ͡
˵
½Ӻ͵¼Ѻ͹ѣһҪı֡µľˣ빫Ϊ´
ھĬƬ̣ض𴽽ǡ
Ը½᣿
½ƹܡ֮¶ܡ֮Ųɽϵޡ
ص⣬½Ӻ˶

½ԸΪͿأ
½ӺʧˣӽԺֻʣ½ᡣ
½뿪ƫ󣬽˽΢üȾһƵǡ
ˣ
š
ǹ
ΪʲôҪȥһѵ
ضЦŴӳǰվױ̨ǰ¡
ȡͷϹ̷ĽΣ̨棬ڽɫ亮⡣
õʱáã
žӵԼĵ
Ϊؾ˼ӷϴڶæˣҲ¡̣ױա


ؾ
ȶСŮӢ¼Ͽʼ񲻶лӵĹٴУǰͿʼء
ľΣʱȻԼĲš
֪ɽ
ʵҹɫӹľɫˮ˲ɫ۰ǶˮУ΢ҡҷ
У˵ۺԼ˹⣬Ĺ˶ˡ
ضԨٰķ򣬹һų
һɢɢϣư֣µȴڰָ⡣
ŵܻð֪ĿˣΪŵܲһĸֵͬء
Ĺ죬ǡȫ˵
װ˹ЦתŵܻСҲ˵ùȥ
ؿԼ梱ҲգĽҾͲˣ˭ҪҵĶҡ
ĿƳɫ糣δŵضضûߵľŻ̧ۡ
ǰһ̧꣬ĿǹɱɭȻδȫŵĳЦת˲ǡ
Ĺ¶ƲһۣϵľƱźԱ˾ƵĻԶĹ
ԭΪĹķԶͣڵǶȾƣҲģһСϷΣ
ȷӦķǶˢغӣȤʲôСϷͶǶ־
ͱ˭ܴ֮΢ЦŮܾͬͱһˡ
ɨˡ˸ִۣҡ
λ˵Σ
Źһ֪˵ʲôһ죬˵ðҲμӣ
΢Цãɡ
幫ضضЦ˵ɡҲЦЦҲμӡ
ֻʣͷʶһػɣһǿü˵û취ɡ
ȻλöûǾ˵ˣ⾵ΧڣһصĶ˭صĶأ˭Ӯˣǲ˰æۻӹ˶УֻԼءָ
ȻǱô˲ͷϷҲ벻ˣǾͳͷ˵ţȡ͸̵ϡܵǣǲո֣
ˣӶ̫ѰĲ˼ó֣̫صģֲʱϡͷ⣬ʵ͸¶ÿӵĴ
֮ӣݼҾ޸óһ㲻ǷƷϵĳҲ壬ɫͱࡣ
λУĲͷЦ˲佩ӲͷժһΣӽСŵľС
ĿĲͷȻǲסεĹ⻪
ضһʮ͸ḻ́ʯᱦϵ̽𣬹һεļֵ͵ֵвͷļֵ
绨ĹȻǴκÿ
˵ʲôΣ
ٵ۴ˬʵЦӻԱ߳ɫ԰׵»ʺŴӹˡ
˽Ӷ밲ٵƽһ飬֪Ͳͷһº󣬺ǺЦˣҲո֡˭ҪӮˣ޾ʹӦһֵҪ󡣡
ǰ𱸾Źֵ£˵ģܷڣ
ٵ۽տ鲻Ц޽ԣȻڣ
һ̲ͷ˵һߺ󣬵ۺɴСʽʼ뿪˳
ضæߵȻǸػߣƨɺͷһֻһҡһڵĴʶ졣
ֱӣ۱ͷȥ
ϳ࣬״ԪҵӢȫŮˣ
ٵ۵ͦģػɺͶıӰֺǺǵ˵ǰոлʶС˵ģû뵽ڣǳϡ
ʵۿڣȻһƬôһЩΪӧ嶪ʧϡ
һߣһ֪ػɸض󣬷ʶػһһķ羰ߣһᣬػ̲סˣżʹһߡ
һʯӹض¡
ôʲôȥûаػ͡


69 
ȡһξˮӡضЦ
ˣػɵɴ۾˼Ҫȡ, ᣡ
ͣűߵĶ쳤, ء¸¡͡
Ӯ𣿡
ض, ػɾ͵۾شˣ
˭Ӯμ˵ȻҪӮˣ
ضЦ, ңʹһξˮȥ
׹𣿡
׷˵ͼ𣿡
ػ㶵ؿ
ӮҪֵͼ
֮ϷΪҪأ뿴ĳ˰ʯͷǱģԼѾ˱ʤ, ߶У
Ϊӷϴ, гߣйһĶҪβþ
ػԽԽԺҪôþ
þ, Ϊ˻Ƴһسķڷءض΢΢һЦҲµû, ʡ֮, ع, ˵أ˭Ҳ
ػһתͨ, ԭʹţңҲͿȥˣ
ضߵ, ժһƬƴСҶˮݸػɡ
梵, Ӯ
ػɶڵغ, ӹҶ, , ǿ, ˡ
, ҲضЦ
ػɫԽԽ죬һţƨһˣʶ켱æϣų׷ȥ¸´С
ضվԭأɫؿŮŵıӰ
һػʲôϲʲôΣض
ʱһ˵Ҫ㲻ֻʱΪСǲϲԼŻˡ½ӺͽˣԽԽС˿ʼ½Ӻ͡
½ӺͲŮ֮⣬СҪã룬ãûжӣСǺ½ӺͽϣԼִϵԴ
С˳½ӺͣΪ½Ӻʹڲ塣
ٺ񾩳ƣսУҴĻϾ
ٺڹײ߹һ·Сˡ
㻹ʲôػվԶߵ
ضع񣬽΢ЦػŲ

ߣλѵ룬ٵۿźҶػɣȵ
СˣҶʲô
μӱ¡ػֱ׳
ٵֿĻ֦涨õĻ֦Ҳμӱģ
ƸƸõٵһŮϧܼѡ⻨֦Ҫ軨׷͸ʣףнգн񳯡
ãˡٵ۴Цڲ⻨֦ʱˡ
ɸɾͳ˷ͷһǣһͷɫĹˡ
Ʋͷй̵ֲǱװʲô˷Ѵʱ䡣
δţһ顣
˳أֿտգĪҪþĿٵʡ
¶ʤȯյЦݣߵۺĸ̨ǰٵ֣ʣɽһã
ٵ۲ԣִȥ
ҴصǾ֮ء
£˲ûףһӦǹ¸ߺ꣬ŴĻٵƨ
ȻٵۣѾȻңػ֦ʯͷļλ黹ãȥǣƥĹɫѿ
ۼٵ۾Ҫͷ˭ңضػɴ˸ɫźҶƬ̣ԼԼ˵ԼǺʣأ
Ŷ޲ʹôٵۺѵҶ޻أ
ֱµŮض
ҪΪػɽΧض˵ˡ
ʣҶҵģҶϵһξˮǰõġ
ٵЦɰˮǽȷǼأ
Цݣ˹úͰõȷˣҪ˵أⲻʺϰɣ
ˡҶϡ棬ҪģҶϵһξˮضŲæ
üҶˮ飬ҪأҶҪʤһһˮ븸Ტۣ
ض΢΢һЦ
ͥʱ̺Ű񡣸ߵ۵ĸʱǹź֮¶ԺۼȰɣȴŭ۵±סź򾭴䣬裬պԳߵھǻһ±ѰŹǣǱģ֮꣬ظͥ
ضԼ㶵ػɣЦ
ڶûаξˮûнոƽĴ˷õѡģؼ
ٵкá
ؼûвĸ棬ֺ֮Ĵ˷壿⾵˵Ҵ˷֮أҴ˷˵ľˮȣصĿףǷĪ
ٵİһʱ䣬ǧ˷ĺأ쳹ϡĹɫѿػλæǰǣֳ
Ҫ򸸻ʲôҪ󣿲ֵģһ㣡ٵЦݡ
һϲ£ˣ硭
ҲҪػɴˮضҵģҲģҲŲҪ
㡪
ҪضԲ
Ҳǳ˸⣬ǰһ·ؾˮ߽㲻Ҿӹǰ¸ʵʹͰɡ
˻ãٵɣƽֲͷ޵ĳŵҲһһҪʲô
ػΪǰ
Ҫ鷻³ġŮ𡷡Ǵǩģ
ҪΡ
úáһŪǩġٵЦǺǵؿضɫҪʲô
ضһ
ŮֻԸһƽ
ٵЦⲻ㣬ްţˣҪ
ߴȫʢľ̶˵ǰЦ
λƽְɡ
ػһץǸΣض˸ߴȫḷ̌û˵ʲôƽ֣ҲŲҪƽ֣㣬Ķҵˣ
ػɶļ̣̌°ˣ͸ڵı飬ٲ˻ȥһӳ⡣
һһػɱСŮĴ˴¹ŮֱۣСʣ
Сܽ㣬ôף⣬ϲ߹ţ
СܸһСŮ˼գգۣԹԳĬˡ
ضŽλصӻûȣԱߵûͷֿ˹
ﻹиõġ˵´Ҹ񡣡
ضǱ˰ɡ
ڴʱһǰ£¹ȴټ
ͷϷϳ
ٵЦ
һᣬڵĿ´ߵٵǰ˫ϥأ˶Ĵ
աٵЦΪҴ˷߽շ紵ܣ˲١λһҪսµ˶Ҫ˲
񸸻ʽ̻壡
ߵĿλЦŶ˶иոĵճӡСſУɫнؿ
ǰյ˸Զ󽫾ӣ˵ҹϮĪɵһսָӡ
ⱲӾṳ̂񾩳ǵٵ۶оȤȻҲϣһ磬ȥʱʱļϴջǢԾ
ĹȻֵԿ䣬ǼʶԪһǹµضʵһϷ̾
ӲҲóĹΨһֵҵǣϲӲδʵʶ˷䡪ŵʱ
ļض׼չ
ãЦĿԵԨϣھдܿ޶ľŵܰɣ
Ԩ޲سûҪ˼
ضЦǴţܿ޶
ˡһ壺ŵֲ翸ľ֮٣ֻжʢʱŸǿһԣʮֻٵ¯ˡ
ֳʵ̫ǫˣ֮£˭˲ֳ֪ܰ£ܶǬЩֳϵ֮صĿĪˣֳǫҲҪѪ
ԴЦ
ٵ۵ľŸǳٵ۵ģԸҲѧһЩٵ۵ˬƽ͡
ֻѧ
Ļӵĵ͵͵ƽҲƽͣڹлùģûһʡ͵ĵơ
˵ҵǶǣ˵ʲôֺʲôû˵
Ǻ󣬴//˵ǰͷĹ
㲻ףΪʲôҪȥкĹõ
ôˣǵˣЦ
ˮظ
㲻ظֺкιϵ
ҵĹţＷ޺޵Ƕʸ˵Ҵ߹е߹ǹ/Ҳ⣡
¶һ˿Լѡˣֲ˱ˣҺĸɶǽȰģ廨ͷ˺ÿҲûá
֣Ĺŭ
ˣǽжлȥ˵ǰ
ɫڵĹЦЦ첽׷ȥ
ĹԼȴû뵽Ըִ£ûӰһ뵽ǰʱĿתŽжȵضԼȴǣһƥصۣĹɱ˵Ķˡ
޺޵ؿضȥķ򣬳ȥ
ȪӹһġŮ𡷣ضԼı
ԣ
^-^

պ»ʺһЩĵõɮҲʽפ¹
ٰ취µ»ʺʵʲ߻ضСЭֱ˵˵Ǹɻ࣬ûǸ
Ϊʺŷ𣬶ٵŵһϼƣŪ˸ѡַɮںϡķ¡
Է¿ʼ¹˶ɻȣضΪµʵʹˣÿյһһߣҹصչҪʰʺ󣬺ò׻صƫԡº󣬻ҪΪ±һЩҪߣһȥȵڿЪϢʱѾӽҹ˯ʱҪڶг̡
»ʺϢãְ̼ԭŵĹ
²ǿ˲μӣǮɮ˳͵ظǱˣ˴»ʺҪֳװض⣬һÿձصģˡ
һǸط˯Ԩһȴûסɡ
֮ⲻھƵԨʵŸɮÿоģÿߣһضЩ嵭ʳֻˮϡһڡ
ҵӺ
ʱµķ߶ı䡣
ɵҲмֳ谮ĶӻδݱдϿһӺҪǻǽյӣͣҲ÷ˡ
еŮӾһ㣬ûжŮֻбĽ֡
ްպ죬꽿
ˡ
ĵɮ˽ضԨһ̳ͬ
ع·ϵĹǽתǴһĶƨߣ˵ĽŲӽתǺػһ߳ʶ죬ʩʩȻ˳
еضԨü߰
˵йӤãһ̡л߰ɡ


70 
ô춼ضƨɺ棿
ҹľ׹, ƨֱ׳ʸƨһţ
㶼ûԼҪ𣿡
ض̲סЦ˳
Цʲô˵ò𣿣ػɵ۾
˵öԡضԨһ飺㶼ûԼҪ𣿡
Ԩػɿһ, Ŀرյ˫˿ûҪش˼
Ȼû˵ʮִػĻ
˵˭ɣŲ㣡
Ԩ, ģ
㡪
ضϽסҪȥʩչ书ػɡ
ӳԨȳ򣬸¸´, ׺, ʵֻԭŲڡ
ػɺĶһᣬԼ, һ·, һëչ¶ȡ
ǳ˰, ôûˣػʡ
ضһĿڿһʵػϡ
ɳȥˡЦôȻˣ
ҲϲšüͷžᡣҲ׼ϲ
áضЦһлɵġ
ػֱŤ, УҲŲģˣ
ضҪ˵·ͷ˷ëĿ
һɫӰӻƮϵأ, һ˫ɫ¹ķ, ƺѪᡣ
ضûԷʲô, ǰһ, Ҳؽ
ض, ʱ·͡
û˼С
û˶
ġתҪװ·
ػҽŵЬӣ̧־ͳ˹ȥ
ЬװšͷɹһɣػɸɴŵЬӣץЬ׷ɱȥ
ضػѾĶڵ
ηħ֣վסңҪĽƤĹǣܣ
һᣬװСŮѾڵؿˣѹİ
ضȻڰпȥһĨɫȹѸʧ
Ԩһְסֱۣҡҡͷ
׷

Ĺ׷Ų·ͷܡ
Ԥ벻һ
ˣȻûһ¹ôˣǹӤܣĻ̵̻ʱڣ

֪ǰİĹ׷ԼˣͣЪ
谵ƧĹűҰ¹һΪɭ֪Щ
Ͻ뿪һɳƵӤǰĹﴫ
Ĺëŭ˭װŪ
ﾲĵģɢڷУƮɢ
Ĺ﷢ëܣոɨصˣֲԸתܡԭ˽սһᣬڻǾߡ
ŲһʱԼԼأ
Ĺתʲôסļ

;ѣĹ൹ȥ

ڱһźڲӣ޵
׼ˣ
޺ϣضڰ빣ͷҲ̧
عڹˣŵҲū澵ʶū澵ҹζ࣬ҹ׼˳ȥ
ض±ʣʾ⡣
źڲǰҿڲһǣһź˽
ɫͷȥġ
һкҺܿ챻꣬ض˳βȸƵչˡ
ſ죬ӤĿշһ룬ڲ
ضЦſһᣬºڲ˵ȥ޴ùƵ̱̽
ڱӺ˵Ӧеľ룬ͷʲôУֻǹƵڣ˴ˡ
ƵȥĶˣ
װ֤ݲ㣬뽩֣½Ӻ½ỳɿѧиСŮŲҰƵԳ֡£Ѿȥص·ˡ
ѧ˵Ѫ鶼ⲻϡϵµĸδҲ̫ˡضЦһƽϲϲŭ
һ¡ڱ˵ūȥСҵʱ򣬿ѻ赹Ĺ˳
ô
û£ūһѣū澾ʡĹҪδá
ôһɶʧ񡣡
̣̲סʵĹ뺦㣬㶼𣿡
Сܺ˭ضа빣дһɡ֣˴ŵһߣҧ㣬㲻ҧûô鲻Ҫȥʱ䣬빡
ͷҲ̧ڱ˵
Ȼ·ʪˣǾҸط

ڱЦ⣬ͷһȥ
ǹ̾
ضЦſһۣѽûۣۡ
ⲻйΪ̱ݻô̱һҲûʲôֲ̡
ضⶺЦ˵

ǰԡԨһˬˮҲ˵ֱ޺һѡ
㲻ü𣿡ضסЩ㵹ıͲ
֮⣺ȥĵط
̧ͷֱؿȥϣ
ض˰ɡ
ʶ̧ͷѰĵˣ룬ʧˣ
ҪԨǲвȹˣôһܵñ˭죡
ȥ𣿡
§סԴ˲䡣
ȥضԴϣҪҹ
ʲô˼
˼ǳ˼
Ҹ˼
ϵ˫սϴĵȺɨĵطһڹضŲתͷŭꡣ
ֱ壬һ޹ں͸ϵ峺ףûһ˿а
ضԼˡ
Ŭ׿а庢һԨҪ
Ԩ˳廬ȥխ䣬ҵһλãذԴȣˡ
㹤ɡ
ض
ֻܼװſֻǣŬֱ˵ߡ
һᣬȻ˵ˡ
һĿʮеɨѧб棬˵ûݡ
ˡ϶ס°ͣƶظһ飺°ˡ
ָɿ°ͣա
Ҳˡ
ָδ촽
ԨŭĿӡ
գգۣ¶һͰ͵ζ뿪Ĵȴ޿ֵա
һˡ
ضͶúúãݾݰա
ܽ𣿡
󲿷ֶȥˣеĲС
Ҳ𣿡
ضʼһͣһī㡣
˼λӦѾС˯ˡ
áضЩڣ᣺˯ա
ۣƽ˳ĽëֱСӤһ
ضǹ΢ҲСӤСָͷṴδġ
ḧ귢ʣµİ빡
ҹɫԽŨء
ģ֪յƵĵоѷһ죬ض±ʣ̧ͷ෢ɵ۾
ĸڴضԥؿŰϻûİ빺ǽҹ꣬
ûԥãΪûԥĻᡣĸһͬϵ꣬𣬺ƴû˯ţضڹ۲ʲôѾɵسƻӴȥ
ضĿ࣬ȵƨڴϣһԼʲô
˯ˡҲ뵹ϴ
ضۼֿ죬һסȥ˯
Ҳ˯ջѾµƣڴߣŪ˯ƣĵӸǵϣ㰲˯ɡ
գۣѾȫŪˣֻض۾Ϳ׹硣
ض۾ŰϵĹһ£һ
˺СƺۣҸ㳪衣
ض˶٣ı㻹ᳪ裿
ﳪ
͵͵ɤİԴϤƮĶ䡣
ҡʲôط׸衭ૡ
ɵ͵͵غŲ֪С
۾ϸǵĺڰǡô¶ȣûȴеϤĸҥֵᣬһ˿ɳƣߡ
һʲôط׸衭
ʲôطء
ϫū
˭ڶϰеغ
ضʱ˹˵İ빣ʶں嫵ļ亣гƮ޵Ʈ¹һֱƮľͷ
ڹ澡ͷԼ˲۵Ļе壬ȭĥƣ׼޵Ͷ޵ĹʱϹˮݵĺˣǰİ빡
һŰ빣һָųŴβ͵Ԩ
ģܵģ
ضԥ빰빰빣
һʵ徻ˣˣͶɡ
ɣ
˻شβǣѾʧβһ߿װİ빣˹ﴵ
梡˵Ҹ˼
һ飬˹
ɫ⴫Զ΢紵ɴϹӰҡҷһҹ
ůģֽҲůģһȻĹ͡
һԲ˯ƽȣһ£һϣ̧ۣܿͦıѻڵĽë
ضƮب빤֮ԨʹؿϻʣСûмʱİ
**ո𣬴Ӵ˹ͨ
ʵ

ùźضյ˻㱨Ĺһ类˷ֹ͹ϣǰٵʰԱ˸š
֮Ĺֺ飬ٵ۽ΪҽûӰǱ߾ʹĹҴ뿪Ϣ
ӣʱûˡ
ţضȥչʺ밲˳㱨⼸յķ°š
Ļ㱨ڴϣɫ԰׵»ʺЦЦʱ˶ΪæǰæҲܰǳŲסһҪĸֱ˵мɳǿ
ĸ󲻱صġضЦҲŸɮоĹϵľǱ֮ǰ࣬ҹҲ࣬ʧˡ
»ʺһ㶣Ҳʧ𣿡
ضЦЦ֮ǰҺĸ˵ĸҪ̼Ҳǻ˴ԭĸҹȷʵߡ
ߣб֢״𣿡
Щͷ˯õĹϵ
»ʺɫѿץ˽ϵķˡ
ĸôˣ
ûʲôֻͻȻЩθ»ʺǿЦЦϳԵҩա
ض΢ЦŸ֣
ĸһҪ壬ʡչĳ趨ʡϰء
һض˵Ҫ˯»ʺϽһ񣬷Ų뿪ˡ
ŽŲʧ»ʺӴͻȻԿĲ࣡´
λĸŮźҴҲ޵
ʺ
»ʺһ£λĸŮ޵﷭˸׳졣
վڵУֱͻȻҵһһĶ
˵ڴǺ¡
˵˵̵̲ĵȴǰϸֶŮ͸ֵӡ
ҵʲô˾顭
Žҿ¯ɫһɵس
»ʺ
һ¯ж˳
ңǣδȼ̿
ī̿еīڵƮڵ̿ɺĹ⣬еһá
ȼյ̿жѣһָ׸ôİɫᾧ̿й
̤˵ϵĻǣҩ´ͳϵİɫᾧõǰü˿ִսһţ漴ɫһͬ¡
˵»ʺŭȡ
ǡ´/˪
»ʺһˣЩվס
ī̿
ī̿
ùã㽭³̿īζ㽭ѲǰЩӸ͵ģת۾ͽˡ̴ζţҲ˵ߵùùò绻㣬ˣҲһᡣ
»ʺģ͵³һѪ
ʺ
´æס
Σ»ʺҧҪҪ
ΪҪıѪף
幬һʼͶ»ʺ˵īֺ̿˥
̿¼ͽģһ⣬Ǹ飿»ʺ󼤶ʡ
ǰֱ׳»ʺ󻹴ڲ˵ˣĿĴܡ
˵»ʺһϣ˿
ʳŭƹˤŭֲӣռλʲô֮ô껹ҪʶȤóӡֺαߵһʱû˷ӡֶ˳㲻һй⣿˵˵ȥǹù㲻ԣ
»ʺؿ᲻֪ӣԡΪһӡҪȡΪΪ̩ĵĸ׺ֳҪնݳ⣡Ǻúݵİ
»ʺ˵ˣԣѪҲѪ
»ʺһӦǺ˾롣־ɵùñʲô鶼ֵͷϣԼŲסأͣҲΪ˹ùõ룬̿ҩʧߣôҪˣ
»ʺ֪Ѿ֪ˣԸٿʹת⣬
ī̿йȻ֪顣
ֳΪԼŮλҲĬж
ĸףΪϽٻĬֳֶŮͶ
£бЦ
ΪϵٻĳȥԼŮգҲΪͬɣΪҪȥһԱ
ߣ˺֮
ǱӦ


71 
չĳ趨ʡָˡ
밲, ض»ʺɫȻ԰ף֮ǰ˲٣ֻɫɫȻ
»ʺҪҩ, ض̼ʱһ㣬ϰΪؽ˹ȳһڡ
»ʺ, ĿⰧȻ
ǱҲиһŮ
ضЦЦѴ˵»ʺǰ
αҪһ񶌻ŮأôĸѲĸͳͳˣ
»ʺϸжӹ, һҩ
ĸҩźǰһˣԺʹ˷ӣ
»ʺؾ˸ҽ, ҲͲͬˡ
ԭˡض΢΢һЦ
ӹ»ʺĿ, ˳޵
»ʺȡֽ˰, ؿŻվǰضǸТ˳ĺ, °, ĸ, ˵˵е飿
ضЦ
ĸɷ, ֻһССĹ, ĸ顣
ɲССĹ, Ǵ˷ĳ, ݼ汸, ѩ»ʺ֪ԸԸĸ󳨿飬شһĸ˺ܾõ⣿
ĸ˵
ΪβԸ
»ʺ¶
˵ǿݣĸҲ⣬ֶʲôԣùõȻҵСɲšĸ֪룬ضܼ޵ˣΪֱڣĸҲг뷨
ضͷһЦҲûҪĸʵԸǽ˭
ŮӼǺܹҪˣǹҲһΪβԸ
ĸأضʣĸ޺󣬹ÿ𣿡

»ʺƿԣضЦ
ǶԸɡ˵һӣƩ糯¶˵͹ˡΪԼ㡣ϣԼΪԼ㣬˭Ϊأ
»ʺĬãɫ̾
ĸħˣȷˡԺ£ĸ߶߶
ض΢Ц
Եˡ

ʺְض
幬֪չ񾩳̸ˤϼֵƵ⻨
ʺ󾿾ʲô˼ѲµԼϸϹ𣿣
ĸŮٺްοİɣġ˵ʺ󵽵¼ˣǳǱߣºҲӦѽ
ʲô˼ȥչͳƲضʱôֲˣŭɶ
ǻʺڻҲ̫ˣһд֣ʺûŮպ󻹲ֻп㡣ˣȻͷġ
һʧ߲ϰˣԼʶȤóӡֺαˣ
˳Ļ˵ǣĵغã˺˵Ķ֪
һᣬȻ˵
ɫζʺô֪ģ
޵ͷ˵ǳȥչԺ󣬻ʺѹŷֵġ
ضҧгݵҾ֪¶һѲ˹ϵǺϸˣǼҵ̩Ϊ̫ӣպϴλ
޴ͷŭ꼰㡣
˵˵Ҫβܰһ֣
ɨޡ
⡭һ㶣ԽµĿæ˵˵߾Ҫ磬֪ⳤʲôطأ
˼
ū澾ãֻҪŮӡ֮Ů֮¡ﲻھɢԣܻʻӶԶ֮
ס˵㿴ضӣ¼޲ȥ𣿡
ЦһƶҿͲⱲӾͳڹﲻȥˣźðű£ڹк޼ɣ۸Һ̩
޲˵ˣҲֻṩһ˼·ԼĥȻãԺ£ҲƲԶ㡣
һ㣬˵ˡ뵽ʲô΢еб⣺ߴ磬ض硭ǸŻϡ
ѾŻӿǰʮ壬̵µĹùҲ˽˾Żӵߴ߷磬ԼĶ߷粻𣿡
ضٴҲǸŮӣҲҪӣֵֻܿܣѾ׿սԶץĳ룬ֻʣһԨ
ʱһƨϻۣūԶԶ
¶һĨ΢Ц
ȻҪҵ£ǾͱҶһشĸˡޣȥѲܹҽ

ڹټĲܹʮ˸ṬŮʱѾ˺Ƥ׼ʵûҲԸͳ˳ͻͳ˺ƤҪ˺Ƥ
ȽϣܹãǻǺͳ˺Ƥɡ
볤Ĺ˭ϣûи˺ƤĻᡣ
󣬳Цտϲ
Ȼǹĺ⣬Ҿȴ֮ˡܹȥʱת汾л⣬ٵŰл
ʮ˶ūܹУѡģЩģūٰȥ
ˡضЦŵù۹⣬°ɡ
£ʮ
ܹˣ򣬺Ԥϵòһ
ʲô㣿
ū죬طϡܹæʮ˼Ȼ˳Ļۣǵĸūͻȥˡ
ܹضһһͷˮˣʮ绨ṬŮվţضİš
ضڱʮŮ󣬽һֹ
ôл˵ʲôض
ˣʱϻЦ⡣
̾Цˣȹתϣɫڲ֪Ǻˡ
֪⣬ΪʲôҪʮˣ
һˣڱҿôض޺Ͽһ飺ŻҹҵҵܵУ
ĵоǰҹϹҽ㿪Щҩ׳ˣ
ˣ۾Ҳбơ
ض밲ο䣬ȺһӲ̬ȲãͽҡҾǲ빫̣Լ塣
Ҵ󣬲ܳ޵
ضûסֻ̾˿ڡеùȻζߵױ̨ǰϸϸͭеԼ
°ݣջм⣬ǰȷʵ˲١
ҲǼϱǰԼģضԼĿǰá
ϱߵ磬Ψһĺôǲؿǰӣʱ۾Ϲ
أض̾˿
ǸıǮֺγӵһأ
һᣬٺʮŮڱˡ
ū費Ҫˣרſ˵ʮˣ
ء
ضǰδİ빣ͷҲ̧
ӣԼ˼ŻӴ߷硣ʮ˶ھŻסƫǿǵġ
ڱԥƬ̣˵Ĵ߷磿
ضЦЦдֵİ빣Ϧ´˴ʵī
ˣҷҪлء㡪
Ц
ܹ㣿

Ԩϰ󣬾ֱ˺ֳء
±ʪ͸V֣Ž̤ڵĺֳأƮľưҨһưͷ㵹
ڷʹڷڣιѻޣʹѻԽѻ°ţһ߲̺ۡ
ˮۿɼȣҲۿɼ䣬һѳʵУⷺΣյĺ⡣
ϴϵǣֳ̤أһٲĻˮ
£ؽűҪĲ裬ҪʱȴվڱǰͥվһĹŮ
Ůб£Ԩü΢壬һԲתߡ
£¶أΪ°ɡŮߴӵ׷¾ϸǡ
̣ŮҽУء
ԨɿŮֱۣȥ
Ůʹ˫ϥ¡
ڰۿڱ̲סǹ̳ĵ£ִݻ۶գ
Ԩޱ飬ͬ¡µľˮʲôˣ
ūźŵµĽ̵Ů٣ū컣Ե¾޻ġŮ滨
컣Ԩ𴽽ǣȶ˵˼Ҳ䣿ӽдڡ
컣ɫһ鶼ͣˡ
Ԩڱ
ڱװˣϽ߳ܣūڡ
ӳȥ
Ԩת߳
޹⣬ſڣԨȻ֣һ㶡
£ڲܽȥڡ
ԨҪȥĵط˭ҲססҲؿԨ߿յķ̤˽ȥò֪Ǻá
Ԩ߽޵ŮƭˣȴڴֲһƬѩɫ
̶̴ٵؾһæضµ塣ӳѩϵİ͸ӭܣʹ㣬ĵȻʶˣŭҧһ硣
˭ģȾһ˿ŭ
ԨŻع֮УűӿѪҺӿ˻ͷԷΡ
ضܵطѩ׻ۣҲεԼʲô
ֱ֣Ҳ׳֪λشŮƭӵʡ
Ѷ磬ѩ壬ֱ˫ȣһľȻţȴǰ֡
ѪţѪ߰ĵطʧӿȥ
¡ʱ׷ڵڱЩԼһĻѪˣ
ض米Ѹٴ·߳磬Ѿֻʣڱͽ̡
겻Ӱ
أضü
˶һۣ
¡ˡ


72 
ĸʱ, ̽, Żδ顣
ӳĸʱ̵ڶν, Żδ顣
ȵ, 棬Żӹˡ
ǡŻӻƫˡ̿ɫ˵
ضһ㶣ع֪, ȥա
º, ضͷԶİ, Դе鱨ϵͳΪ޴Ϊ鷻, ԴΪ̻, Ĺ֮ǻѾࡣ
ֻҪģԶġ
ĸ󣬽̽, ضıӰ˵ʲô, , ĬĬ˳š
ĸĸڴ, ضγѣ෢ɵ۾, ̧ڵĴ⡣
ٲ˯, 춼ˡ
ϵĶ, ۵ʱ򲻽뵽ǰ
Ӱ˰ɡ
˴, ģҲģǰϰߣȴİˡ¶İȻ֮ڿĴҲ档
ڼӴշת࣬һشǰϤĸоʶ磬ͬ£һ˻ҹߡ
Ԩڴӱӡ
ҹһĻһԺﲻϸ֣ԽǿԼȥ룬ø࣬ø࣬ԽȲ
ÿҹ˯ڻĺûˣⴲյúܣȵúܡ
ԨӳıӶ˷ҵˣ͵
˯ţ˯š
Ԩᳵ·Ӵ޹ڼʺŵӰʶ˽Ų
ߵǰһʡ
ض˯ˡ
¹պݵϡ
Ȳ֪ˣһְĸ鷭ӿŸ屾ܵĳ嶯ԨڴߣһСĽѣÿ֮ᣬ֮
˯źüȻ΢΢ţΪʲôҲڷأ
ֽ¹⣬Σ޹ġ
ݳ˺۵ָüģСظƽһĨǡ
չüͷˮݹһ㣬ůָǷסϰ֣Ħձճı룬գۡ
Ůƭӣ㻹Ұ
¹зѩÿһǱ
ӴʺϽ۵˫Ծɫʳָϵ˺ֱۣͫ״̺ϵָ⶯˶
ǰĳϦҹͨĵصʯԶرյǰһ̣תشժǹ
ΪһУŮƭӵ
ֿɵõɣԸصĺǽߡ
Ԩ΢Ĵ³֡
Ԩ͵˻ԭ
ΰѣһԸȥŷͷٶ˯Ρ
梡ȵҡ

ҪģҶ㡣

ضĺҹ˯ṳ́ʵǱů˵Եʡ
ʱѴ
ϻǹڿҹĻǴ
糣ϴºƳŵʱ䣬Ϊȥۺ밲߳޵
ʱضȻǰͥŮӵĳ΢ᶼѡԵĽһۣһ϶Χת˿ҲһԻ𾪡
ضԼƲ⣬ӿŲ߹ȡ
ǰͥӳûеĲ棬Ҳ̫š
µڱضһ
⡭ʲôضȵĿɨʮòŮǸɫ죬㺹죬ȷʵ˶ض˶
ʮ绨òŮǰͥѵΪ׵ڱ㱨ġڡ
ضǴԼȷʵˡɴ˿֤ڶԴԨϣʱС
ع˵ڱش𣺡첻ŻӾͰū澽ֳطˮ˵Ҫϴ·ū˵ϴ¸˳ϴ·һص£˴Լʱ¾ͰĹȫˣ˵Ҫǿеķ
ضǰ·ͷµĻ档
Ц̲סǣʣأ
ȥˡ
ض¿ǰͥ㺹ʮòˡ
Ϊ׵ĴڲﵱʮˣʮǿԼҧӰѾʵֱ۽˻ȥվ˼滭üˡֻϧ˲粻Ļһ壬˭ҪҲ̶á
ʮòͳͳضŵµĳ
˶ǿ壬áضЦС÷ΪзһԼ
ڱ
ضǰ͹ʰʱǡĶС̷ֶԨ빬ٵ밲
ضȻֹΪҪС빬ֵٵ۵̬ȡ
ֵֵ
ǳмΪϡٵĵ۵һԱضٵۺԶ쿪˵顣
ֶǰҪ󸸻ʰæʺβǽϣ
ٵ۸Ϊˣ۾ʲôæܰæܰ
ضһ㶣֪⣿
ٵرܿ
ǸȺ͹ԼãǾ͸ǲˡʲôģڴ˴Ϊһ
ٵ۲̫Ը˵
ߴȫȥˡ
ٵ˵һҪʲôԣ˺ȥ
ض
һᣬߴȫŹֶ˽ˡ
˼ضҲڣؾصһ밲˿Խ֮Ҳ֪ٵΪٴС
ٵ۰󣬻Źˣްأ߰ա
һ㶣˵ԼٵҪֶ빬࿴ôôˣ
Ҿ˫֣̽鲻ˬֶһգǸزñºͳ
ˣ
ٵ۾վ
˲ˣٺõҲҪرǸ̷⣡߰գ߿ߣ
һͷˮ㱻ٵۺ͹һԻֶҲһãȻ̷ΪȣʱҲȲסˡ
üͷΪҵ֣
𲻳ҲɻǱ¿ֶҲˣ˷Ӧʵɶͷԡ
ֻ֪˴ν⣬޵ǷѾѡ
ҡҡͷȻüչ񰡡
˴Դʺ뿪ˡ
͹ضٵΪζһ̬ȴ䣬ٵֻס֣һĪ
ס˲òడ
ٵֱĳ
ٹգҪ¹볯ңʱнʸλãҺúÿû֮ˡ
ضٵÿղĥ£Ϊˡ
ЦãԵ춨κղҲô˵ôʾͱΪŮˣԵֵ˵ʱȻס
ʲôٵɫЩ
úúáضЦպˣһһ߸ʡ
ֻҪƷ¹ˣСٵ۲Ѿ󲻿ԣзξˡٹҲ󲻹ǡǹûϲģٹ£A䡪޾Ͳˣ֮£ûһжĻۣ
ضЦӦ͡

ԨһܾʹӰܵҹ
عʮ˫ȲɫĹˣǰڱµ
һڱҲᣬˣæʣ£Ѿʮ֣Ҫ𣿡
Ԩˡ
ʮŮڱת棬Ǧ˫½ڵϵ
ԨҲֱֳȥˡ
ڱıӰ棺ִݻ纮񡭡
ˡ
¡ķɣ
ڱҡҡͷԼͣӴ죬ܱˣҪǱ֪ҲøдˡڣȥĶأ
͵͵һȳһȳֳߣڱȻסֻôЦתڱūǱȥֳشЩˮ桭
ֳҲȥĵطԼҪˮȥڱȵ
ڼһǿЦһȥˡ
Ͷʲôûʶǵ㻨ӣұ۾ڱ˸ֻۣ˿ȸת¡
ԨںֳذԼϴɾ޵ȥʱȻŲɡ

޵ĴǻʮűʱľȻ򿪣ضЦɫ֮С

Ԩ۾һֳڴϣת۾޵
㲻ˣסض֣΢Ͱ˻Ȼе΢ضֱǾţ֮
˭ë˭棿
ض˵ţȥţ¾˿ȵ壬Ȼ˿
§ƣ°ɸ鵽ķҲ֪Ц档
˵ض
ɡ
ضȥš⣬һš⻹ʹ˳̵źòšһ顣
ԨƫҪ֣·͡
·šȥ
ضֱ֣šһѣ۵üͷ
ں˵¡
˵
Ļӣ߶м̵µĹùãĸڣĸ㿴ϵˣ㡭
ԨȻſɫҲ
ʲôĸ뵱
ĸ˼㲻𣿡

Ԩһ޲˿еĶŭĺ˫дϵͬڴϱ棬ضܵһͣʧ˺ߵĻ
һľ䣬Ҳټ
梡ҲҪùá±סضԴĲ
ضΪӵļı
ԵĻӶеģ㲻Ҫ
Ҫն
㲻Ҫ
Ҫ
ϴʲôѣ
ԨȻǣҲʱӲˡ
ضƿ׾١ЦȻ㲻Ҫңϴʲôѣ
˱ϴʲôΪʲô
ضȤζ°ͣԼô򴲣ǽ̵ùػòţǣǳˣҪһλ̵ùá
Ԩ沿Ǻ졣
ش梣򴲻ǳˣ
ǡ
ʲôЦ
ӼҪҧˣǼ˿ɾͲҧôˡضˣһֻǡ
Ȼ󣬱Ҫʳ
ǰҰȻתض𣬼ߵӴǰûü˵Ѿȥߴ͸
ԡ֮ˮ꼫ԵĴڸг˱Ƕֻǿ׳ֱ۳ڶߣֻӭϷĳ
梣ϷŪң𣿡
ضǺǡЦһ̫
ġϵ㲻֪򴲻ǳôԼԿ


73 
Ԩ
ضһ, ϥȥ
ܿҪ, ˯¡
ҵġ
Ҫ梣
ˣ˫ں͸ϵƳһۣ֫쿪Ұɡ
ض
һŽ´
ʶ˲壡׷Ī
ڻʵ, ֪ü

պ, ̳һ죬¹лسһá
ӵۺ𣬻ǰݹ̳Ĵ½, ʮĵɮ˹ڷ, Ŀо, ϡſ۵κնһĿ, Ҳõ̵ķΪزӳ
̳޶, Ʈһ޼ʵա
еɫ£е˻˯
Ԩ֣ڶ˺ĳһſ, Ѿ˯š
ضű󣬱˽, Ҳġ
ⷨ», Ҷ˵Ӥˡ
˵ĸ, ɳ޸ǼǧĵŮ, ûʲôë, Сëһ, ֮һʲô϶̲ס߶߶䡣
Ͼɮ򡣡ɵ͡
ʵĲһԼĹӤѹ, ѹס˷ܡ
ʲô˼
˵Ӥʵǰģ
ĳĬ
ɽС΢ȻԸǣǰԣκԵɣǸῴɫ
Ҷģʲộ֮䣬Իʲôʥ顯ˣھͺͨҶԻ䣬ΪºǰһĹ̥Ͳֹʮ˵и磬Դ
˵ˣƽ¶һ˿
ʲôҶˡί
̳˷ǳ֮أԡ
û
ض˵ĻһҪԭǻƳ硰ʥ顱ֱϵѪ׼以ͨ飬С⣬żûģΪı
λ³ڣȻб
ʵ۰Űɱս̣ڶλʵϲŭϯϺȻаʳࣻλʵۣǰλƽ࣬ԻҲ֪ǳԳʲôëλ㲡ؼݱλʵۣǰλҪƽЩĻƱǰ糯ɽ׵ģǸ檣λʵۣλǰֱǧһ
˰ʳĴ⣬һλʵλƽӹ
һԭΪġӹϻѹ˵Ⱥ޺ò׵ȵһλƽӹʱѵһλ޵İλ
ǣ˺˷ߵۡ
˷ߵֻϧ˷֮ļһ
ˡ
һ
ºͻʺλӻŮ㡣ɮ
½𣬳ż̳뼯ϡ
ض𴽽ǣڣӭ˺ϷſϵԨԨˡ
š
Ԩɫƽضĺš
һŵ׵ѽһƿҽţӵϼһƬɻʲô
ɿһۣߴٵˣ߰ա
ż̳ȥССƬһӣ£ƬϵĻһ⣬ͳϵƱһޡ
ٵڷǰȼҪͷȥ̨ϵĳơ
²ɣ
ʷŹۻһأ첽̳

̳úԶԶ
¹һŮխĴߣŴĹϸϸ첹һк¡
ľ֨ѽһӰ
ͷҲ̧˵ͷϡ࣬˾ͳ԰ա
귴ֹؽţߵǰ͵͵ؽ
ôˣ
ߣһꡣ
ĬֱؿϷ첹·ϴδƵѣλø˿鲼ʲôæ˵һ䣺η棬㶪ġ
¾ڼ̳ôõĻᣬʲôô
ʲôϵЦݵ˵Ը̸⣬´дֲѡ
ڰǰ£¶ɫȥ˵˵˸ӣѵȥ𣿡
롣ߣƽǰŮΪŮ͵ǰŮõĽ
ŭŮͱ˷նݳˣֻԶɶϵ֧ΪʲôҪԼŮñӣ
ܱô˵ʵξΣȻǵȷû֧ﲻԼʲô֪
˦ŭöû˵
󣬰̧Ӳ˲ۿᣬԼ飬֡
ĵֻƽƽعһǴ󸻴󡣸οն񣬺αȥˮĸΪƽѵ𣿡
겻ֻԽ
ס֣Ứ˸֪Բס㣬˿ӣǵͥЩˣ֣ʮֲס
ֻǲˡ괹ͷƾʲôٻӶǰغӵģÿ䷹ˣ˳ЦͰۡ
ɫ
ʲô˵𣿡ߺһĨڽڳԿʲˣǰȴڹдҡڣ⹫ƽô

գأأ
ɫɷףæס졣
ˣ
ŷˣ
ȻſĿ˵һеŸǰѼ⵶ߡ
ŵؿǰĶӣȻϤǺ飬ȴİֺ¡

ȥ۾Уʧ
вĵӵȻ˫۾ƿĿ⡣ߵľǰǼѣ˽ȥ
ûдֻûұӦеĶ
ҵġʹˡ㲻ҵģҵġ
ú󣬶ſĵƽϢ
̧ͷɨխĶ
ߵľʣе·ڴɷ򶷵ӣߵĸ׵ʬǰų˵ߣִ˼
ţվȾѪذףϵ𽥱úݾ
ס͵سԼͱȥ
һܿҪѪʪϵ·
һһַĴĸ£ѪȾ졣
ףŸ˿ڣڿ˵Ĺϡ
ֻԽ֪ԽϢʧڹУ׺ٹٶڼ̳Ҫ¶ʲôõĻ᣿
д̿͡챣¡
ţײײм̳Ĺ㳡
һɫӸµظ𾪵ؿſտյĹ㳡δĺȻͣںС
еʲôĴ̿ͣ
һֺ̫߳һѪɫ䣺
ǡ

ٵ齵͹⣬Աɫ죬վһѴ͹ڣĿ
ɮݶʷƼģô֪ǰأ
ȡݶʷĻ¸¹УҪŹۻʱϱЩӤʬͼҴ˷ˣ֪ʲôǴ󲻾ı棬ʮ֮ͷ㻹㣿
޵ڵأɫҰ׹һԣĿһԵºµúȡ
µúվȥ°סɫصҡҡͷ
֤֤ڣлʬǰ϶¡±ŮҲ֪ʱǳͷʱ
Ȼ»ʺȡͷϷΣɢٵǰݡ
£ǳģϳ£Ҳǳ檼ල¿ڳ檸Ϊ˷ϹķϣҪǣ޹
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£ϳ̵޷
¿׼ʱΡΡع£Եµúͽ
£˴Ҳ˼˹ƻ󣬻¿ڹΪͺûйҲп͵ķϣһɣ
µźţ׷׹Ϊ顣
Ժţͱһ§һ߿ޣһϺݺšһѡ
£Ҳʼ޺ˡ
ٵ۸Ҫڣҡͷض촽һԲ
˰Σ߳һҾֵ
˵ǡ·ͬСɣӷͬ֮շʮ֮ȫˣ˭Ὣ˷ɷ˭Ὣ
浳˽һᣬ˷Ƶ
µúһı飬˫ֳڵϣٵۺ
ݶʷʶ˲ʹۻʼңʬһ¹ﲢ֪飬찡
Ȼܹ죬°˶𣿡վһԣƽǱһʱ´˳ȥֻΪ˷ǸЦҪǾƶɵǸЦ
أµúŭ
λ׶ѷ漴ϣͬ죬Ϊս͹ڵͬһˮ
֣µ𽥲֧
գݶʷԻףΣն򱻵ݶţΪˣĽگ
һ£²˱ϥűסٵ۵ȣ˻ߵؿ޺
£¡ô鰡
ٵܹĶ²ˣҲع˼ࡣ
Щ˷ܴ˶䣡ֻǶţΪˣѾʮˣ
¡²˿޵
Ҳϥٵ۽£Ϊ²顣
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ٵһƴ䣬ϵ첽ȥ
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ǲռ飬ռʱͷػᵳ浳ȺҧԣֻݶţΪˣǱ¿ϵľˣ
ɽڣûաʱ򲻿ţ
ٵ뿪˵ڣ²˻ڿֹף游ҡ
»һֵ̾Ϣ
µúͲվ˿²˱˼˳ȥ׷ںߣǳв؊ĹˣԶȥˡ
ƿµúͣߵԱ永һԲŹۻǰ
Ŵˡñ°Ȱ⵹ǰ䣬ְ⵹˳ĹԼĶͷ˾֪һ׼⵹˭Ϸ򣬻Ǳ£
Źۻޱ飬
׸˵Цˡ¹ֻǱִ˷°ˣκһˡ
Ǻǡִִģ²Ǳµķɣµú˹ЦŴֶͨ죬ǹҪˡ
Źۻֵ´˵Цˡ
Ŵ˺ʹ˱ĻֻҪСΪϣҹ·߶ˡܻϹġµúĿ䡣
Ҫԡ¿ڣӥһľƤŴˣΪ֮ɡ
߳͹ŹۻҲȥʣµĹԱ½뿪һֺű͹
ֺ̱ůٵںضüɫ˵ˣЦݡ
˵Ҫ
ū澡ū澣ūֵһŮ⹬Ůа졣
ٵ۶ֺ޷Ӧһᣬ̷õȻأ
⹬Ůˡ̽
ٵŭŮʲộĪǲޣ
Ϣŭŵùڵأͷ絷⣺ū澴ʲ⣬̿ͲΪ˴ɱ죬Ϊ˴ɱµӣʮǰµ¹ڹҹ졣º󣬰쵮һӣȡΪ
ٵһͣŬл밢ֺ͹һУʮǰ¶ˮԵܼǵأ˵ˣƽոûҹŮϰߣ˵ǹ֮ʮ֮Ű˶ƺͿĽ
ʱһԵضˡ
Ȼ˵ӣΪûмʱ֪
ٵŮһԣⷬٵ۾еյûš
ֺ̹һֵ̿ū澴ǰ֪鰡ǰū˵ʵ飬ū澲֪¹лһţ
ǡ
ضٵͬʱڣض˵
ٵ죬ԼҪ˵ʲô
ʰա
ضſڣⰢʲôˣΪܹڹеӤܲע˳󣿡
ⰢҴͥǱ߷ģǰĶūҲūǷֹܼ̳Ƭģݣ˵ʱŮ۸ÿη¶ߣϴģǱ˲Ҫľ·ظҲ˿
Ҳ֪ÿ궼µĹ˽Ըһֱ·ˡȷʵûܷڻãӣڹҲټ£ǶΪǰԼҸҲûж롭˭룬²֪ôй¶ȥˡձڼ̳ʱд̿ϰĸӣ˵ҪӡΪ˱ӣǰߡôȥˡ
ضЩСĺӸģ
سĻȷˡū澴ǰչ˹ĸӰɣ¶ūмΣЩū澣ū¡ٵ۵ɫ̽˵ǸТĵĺӣһֱ߶̿ͿܶԱ²ʹˣҲϾҽһҪū¡
͹⣿ضȻЦˡ
ֺ̲֪ΪҪЦܵɪһ¡
ʡضߵٵǰһ񣬻Ȼǻӣ˿£Ҫǳ̿ͣгˣȻˣǾȰĳ˵ԺУҽΪˡ͹ǰ̫עĿ
ٵ۵ͷ˵öԡߴȫɸˣ˴͹ǰߣٽиҽȥΪҪǿٴӽЩ˹Ѳߣġ֮˵

ߴȫ˳˵ڣǰһɫֺ̡
ֻʣٵۺضٵ̾˿
⺢Ǹиģ¶һ죬ڣﲻһݵ˵ɱǲ²ȥģҲֻЫĳҪȻô粻ɱɱƫƫ²ڵʱ£
ضЦҲ²

عضڱϹپһȥ˰ʬһ˲鿴˽ơ
˽û㱨ضѽлۡ
ضɫӣȡһöŻɫŵˮСˡһС̶ŵḷ̌Զ˳һ塣
ɴߣɱ૵
ĺһʮꡣ


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̻Ի͵Ĵڣٵۺضףʺ󲻼Ӱ
žƱ, ߵٵף
ף޽鸣죡
ã
ٵ۹Ц, Ʊһ
˵һ, ʽĻ, , ⻶Ц, ò֡
صλ漴ҲΪȺƵ֮һһߣǰͥ䣬ǻҲ޷ϵ, ɫһһغƾƣһԵǵؿţֲ
, ӣ˭棿
¾ƱƨĹԱˡֵܣΪһҪ棿²˴, ܳͷ, Ǹʳ, ӦܵܡȻбӦ, ֺһ˵
ԱæҾֵ¹С֮ĶȾ֮ˣƣ
¶ˬʵЦݣ˰̸֣ϴƣ֮ˡ
СԱ˾뿪ǰֻʣ¼ĸ֮ˡ
£΢˵¹һӣ¡
ġеİƱʺȱϯϤλ;ⶵء
ĸɫ졣
λܵܣɲǸദĽɫȻͬء¾Ʊ¶һĨ⣺͹ǰðٹƼѪһǲץŻʺֲţס˵Ϊ˱ڴ֮̿֡
Цһ
ġʱ򰡡
Ǿá
ξòҪҪǸξáµ˿ֳѾ鷽˼̿ϡŴ޹¹ĹҲ֤Դ˱ӣټϣŲɵκҲ´ơ뺣ǽߵˡ
ǡһ˿ˣк˴֪
ءΪЦЦٹҪפأ֣ҲǺõġ
漴Ӧ¶ȻЦݡ
һ˸ЦǵԶ
ЦϾƱ󣬶ߵ񾩳;Żӵǰ
ãŵܡ
ضЦװйƵľƱײ̩ɽԨջδףֳ۵ֳٱңˡ
ŮӣֵģǶ߼Σ
ЦſվԨ
ŵɹۣо̵ĺ֣ٹ꣬кͳһͬգ
ضĮȻԨЦд˻ᣬŵܵȻŹǰɣԨ
Ų䲻ȵءšһ
ӭ磬էȻˣΪֻЩϰˣĸҲˣЦЦŶ²ˡ²ĽڊУغܲϰߡ
ضֻ΢Ц
²ţ˵ҲȱǮôϣȻǰݶʷĻ¸أ
ǰض¶һɻ󣺡Ϊʲôأ
Цſһᣬȥ
һֻڰսס
Ԩޱ鿴ֺֻĮ޲Ȼ෴һ㽫ۡ

Цٿضζ
ֳصһʱֳھУʱʱյõء
ȻΪֳҲǷⲻͬġض
ضݳƱ֮һ졣
ŵܣԨڷſ֡
ٳضһٱ˸˼Ц±оơ
뿪ضԵ˵ţ梳ȥһᡣ
㡣Ԩ˵
ضһЦһͻ
ȴ͸ż֡Ԩֻͣ½ŲıӰ߳
ȥĶһĽʵ
߱߿
ض԰У·Ŀġ
·һͤʱա
һһʯףæŹȹǣ˸ߵļɽͤ˴ɾط£Ҫ¸ϣֵ̧á
νƫ͵ضҲܵ
ӽнӹȣһûһµؿš
ĵҹɫУԶģнŲɽųȵĲԽԽԽԽᣬڣŲ̨ͤϵŮҾ
¹ټ񾩳
ضͷҲ̧ĿɸŲԶƻԻ͵칬
ŴڵǻãΪҪתȥء
óЦˡŹۻɫƽҾֵ¹ٱȥú󣬻ûܵйеĺ档
ŶضЦĿɽµĵƻջأ䵽Źۻƽϣʲô
泤ʧ֮󣬻úĿΪԼѡ¹ǧȻûϵ絭ᣬ··Źۻֵ̣¹
Ŵ˲ʷ֮ƣһ仰ǹģñǺ¡
¹ֻΪʰ£¹ٱиˡ
ŹۻֺȥȻƼɽɫŵ¿ưۡ
ûзּɽͤеĶˣҴȥˡ
ŹۻĽŲͣסˣתؿ¶г΢Ц
Ǻ⣿
ŴãԼƢҪĸġ
ضЦŽȵݸ̣ߵɽ±ߣ
ݶʷƷ٣³̣ӦԺҶʷѡϱ޸ĺڸͱ¶ᡣŴ޷ΪԼݶʷһְ˰ơ
ѵ𣿡Źۻסвƽ˵㣬Ͱۣ˾֪£ԺѾз˵һݶʷϵδŮˣ¹ٱһЦϣȴȻֻһƷСָ죬ҪĪһѻ
Ŵ˶ˡضŲæ۰Լˣǰ۲ԸأϿǷζŰлб˼ˣܷĽݶʷ𣿡
ܺ¶ѧζĺ£ؾ
ضЦؾأ
ŹۻĿתض־ɡ
ŴƺԱЩᡣ
ضתҹĻлԻ͵ƻ
ҹƮȻŪѩɫȹڣΧһƬžֻвԶйĵôңԶĻЦ翵¹յҹмҹ㣬˿˿ƣһɢŮӴ׽͸΢Ц
ŴΪݶʷǱµĳ͡ڱݶʷһְǱİ㲻ʲôҪ£ϲֻóССְλ
ŹۻȻݶʷֵһᣬôʳУ¹ܹƷ
Ʒ٣˶ԣһ;յ㣬Ŵ˵ȴһˡŴܹƷȫ˵ѡ񡣡
ŹۻĬΡ
¹һʡ˶٣˵֮ıΪΪŻӣǡΪԼ
ֱûڷУҲûеõش
ǰһԻش𣬳ɷش¹ٵĵڶ⣿Źۻ·Ϊ˶Ȩǻ
Ŵˣ˵̫ļˡ
ض΢Ц
ȱ׼İ䵽ʱա
ĬãŹۻҾֵ¹ٲҲӡ
Ŵˡضס뿪ĲȻˣϾһ߰ա
ûлͷֻǴ۽ﳯƳЦЦһ
Ͱ˾֪ȻҲŴˣ±˲֪Ŵѵ֪ô
ŹۻƬ̣漴ٸԭְ죬ּĹ˵Ļ
˳ҹ紵ÿëףŹۻȻؿ±ߵŮӣδ˵ԼЩǻⷬ
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־η˵Ƿȴδ˳Զ߿ȥâĲ֮£һյһյĳȺƻճ¹µ̨ͤ¥ڸԶڰͷס
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ǰ飬ضҾɫصתˡ
Źۻأߵٰ칬Ĺǰ룬ջ˽ȥƱߵ˴ӵǰŶӾһơ
һ꣬Ҳ˵תȥˡ
ֹãβٵ뿪Ҳ½ɢȥضŸǵȺҵŮĸΧŵԨ
ޱڳǰǼŮĸվǰһһ˵ʲô˴˵Ůٵ͵Ԩ˴˵Ŀдһ˿⡣
ٵоŸӣϴλһʮ඼ЩŮ߼ޣʲģȻͽĿͶ˻δľŻӡ
˵ѪͳԵλһ˵ҲǼ£ܵȵĸү
ض߹ȥʱһʱƼ˫۾ʱ۽ʻ
վԥ
Ҳض⣬ͷϳơʰ仰ԱߵľŻӣƨһһ䣬ʵıȻҡ
ض˵Ц䣬Ѱ˸ͷֵ߳Ĵ
ٹٹң鳲
ض겢УŲ⡣
ȥˣʡ
ȥˡ
Ķ˷磿֣߬ս
ضЦЦ
ȶˡǲŽء
ָǿƵغʮָۡ
ҡ

ٹٻڻؼҵ·ϣǰ뿪İѾԡϣĸȥҹˡ
ͬǶǺܺõˣ˵ʧ̾һ˰Ѷסӵ˾ʷ˵ӣΪٰһӭ硣İɣû˭Ʋ
ǱãǱáۻ軨ĸ׺ᣬԼ㣬֪ûУǱˡ
ĸϼ˫֣յĹΪûֳĸ׻
ⳡ磬ΪǱյ¿ưۣƸյ롣ҲûӶλᡣ
ӽ˼¶ǹƣһըʮֿɿڣԺлᣬһԡ
Ĺ綼ͦõģǡ۶˶٣ĸż׷ʣʲô鷢
ĸױ𼱡ֻһСŮˮϰˡӼҲû׷Ϊ˱ǰʧǣȥߣȵ·˲ߣȴ˺һ˵Ա߻ͲŮӣһǷһϵ
˵ĸ׷ʵΣ
ûĸеļȣüģֻʵһѾͷָűӶӣҪûмһӶ󲻵ϾŮӰˡ
ĸɫһףˣ
Ųĸ죬ɻĸô˹ע
׷֮£ĸڲŽʵ¶
ԭȥμӹĿյһλϹϵеķ˵Űݷã̸֮䣬Ļ´Ŵò
ҿλΪǣߣԭȻܸˣҺʣﾹ飬⡭
۳ü£ȵõḮ׿ϣ˲ŸŰʾʦң֮֡ĸཫȢĸҹĥĸף
һ᲻ĸ˴ĥһھ˵Σ˶׮ûһƲĻ³
ú󣬰¶ģĸ׵֣֣صҾȥݷʦ̽һʦ˼ܵĺá
ǡĸЩԥϻ᲻н٣
ǽ٣Ҳֻһʱ١ʦңһʱ֮ڶĸܳӱΪˡ
ˡǱɡֻǣҪίҶˡ
˺ϼƺú󣬵ڶգ۱Űݷϡ
ĸԤϵһعȻнŮĴ㣬˵ԼͱлԼʦδŭΪ˳ʵš
ظɵ뿪Ḯ
뵽뿪Ḯãؾͽټݶʷӽ鷿ĳ
Ľ𸡳ˮ棬⶯촽ƮˮϵӡϣϣƼƮҡ
ݶʷһְûк˺ʣص
֪˵˼ضҡͷˡ
͸صˣ۲µ֪ǸֱŮȴϣؼʱ̣ɿ
֪սʸһְλĳйһ飬Ȼһ
ΪŹۻΣ
Źۻ𣿡ü
ûԺƷʷŹۻ𣡡֪յˣչ磬Źۻ͸׾˾ƣŹۻгԹǰȥģǰּٳ͵⣬²ˣһѡ𣡡
Źۻ𡭡ţҼǵáصٸԭְգһȥףһ䡣
͸ˣŹۻоɣֺгǸϺϡܴ࣬ﱣסģϻ˭
һᣬŹۻȷѡı⵹ɽȻȫˣյһƣҲδⲻʾá
ץһʳµĳ
Ľð㴽ȿֺطųʳ
һĻ
ŹۻŹۻ𡭡ա
պʥּ¡
ԺƷʷŹۻйƷݶʷ
Źۻּ빬л˽쵽¹е߽¥ϣӼȴٵۣ̻ȹ⴩ɴ޴񾩳
´˫½ڸСЪŴ˲£һ衣
ŹۻϴμȻͬ飬Ŀհǰ
ŮΪϿձע衣
̲ҶˮдŹۻ˿ġ
Ů裬˳ӡ
ɫľʸ¥Уһľ󳨣̿ϴƣһֻӹա
ԣ¹λݶʷһְ⡣ɹۣ¹ѹݶʷ֪£Ըش¹ٵʣ
ضǰĲյһڡ
Ŵϵ΢Ц̧۵
Ŵʲô
¹⡣һڳУ¹ܹƷǳ󣬾ΪΡ
ŹۻĿƵضһ㣬ֱص߶ۻ𣬷·˵һٻͻᱻ
Ŵͨʶʱ䣬£һƪʮ顷ϧȴʶֻ֪ߴ粻֮࣬ȴ֪˻ܲҷʱԶԡ
ڱУ˾֮š
Źۻ𵴣һؿֱ塣
Ʈɢֱɫ微ȥ
ǡһڴʱɢ˲ḧŮϰѩƵɴޣڿ´УҲҪ紵һ鲻Խһֵġ
񾩳ˡ
һƳһЦңȴ֮ġ
ڱ󡭡
ض΢΢һЦȻؽյŻس
󣬲ǧ£ڣ֮¡
ϸȴʤƽһס
ǰΪǿҵĶӿŹۻͷ
ؿڶ񾩳κ߳һо֮
ŹۻĶͷڱ棬ͷȴκʱ̶Ҫȡ
˭ûȿ˵һδ֮⣬Ȼҡ
š
ˣŹۻȥ
֪ˡ
ضԷԹڵصŹۻ״ƽ
ŴˣԸͱһͬ£
ŹۻɫҾֵ
¹֮á


75 
ٵ۴Աڼݻؾ
ڱľ²ͽ, ͩһվɡ
², ʮ˺ʶʱ񣬷׷ͩ, ԴΪ
úõòŮ, Ϊһµ, ߵʱֿ, ɵȹβס͵֫
Ǽȹյ꣬Ȼ͡
ͩĹ˶յĹװһƬůɫźضױǰӹŮ˵ľһΣڶ߱˱ȡ
ͭѿӰ
ǰһԨź㲻Ӱ, Ը, ֻԼ۲, Ὺʡ
ѧѾ¼, ѧӷ׷׻ؼũæ, ѧ, ÿľʲô
ˣ
Ƶ˵ͬ˶ڹ, ̸λѡ
ˣ
ʱٳܡ
ͨŮ, Ϊβ˵, ҪҲҹ
ӣ˭Ҫǣݲһ㣬ϵһ㡣

̫
ܲٵ۰գ
ضϽµ󣬽һ
һԣǰѽܡ
ΪΪ壬ֻǵġһʵҲпܷ
ڱһһ߽У
ǱժǹĹ˻ŵȷժǹص
ˡٵ۵ݶ͵
Ϊ±Żӷ֣ǵĹûҸصֱӻˡڱ
ص𣿡ضʡ
عǶר˿أȷʵǷˡ
֪ˡ
֪ˣ֪ʲôأ
ڱ̧ͷϸ⡣
ȿױǰӽľһΣɫ糣شˡֿһԵḶ̌߳ҡҡͷ
ڱüĿ˳޵
ضͭжϵΣȴǹһ˵ժǹ
ժǹѳɷ棬ҲѶժǹʲôأ
ض˼⡣
ȡһĽѵһֱδԨ󿪸µľԼӲҪɡģʷҪݣ
ԼµԵʣٳٲܽ빤״̬
ǰһ᰸빣ֳؿ⡣
򣬰ΧĻҶӵͩڷҡڡ
磬ֻǰ޾ϸˡ
һҪ£һʶһպԼϥǡ
Ħһᣬչôвԡ
̶һȲƼڷ
ʲô
ضߴӴջأҲŻϡ
̾˿ĵ
ˡ
ǰˡ˳֮ǰ߿⣬ɫˣٹգ̾ͽڱϵͩӶժˮȡ
ض˴ָ⣬дһЩ񲻶
ˡ
ԤУĶ죬սԣǸϾĿ顣
ţţٹѵζҩޱԽǰ
ҹϴ䴲齣ü
£ֻʣϴԼɸӼ룺յýн̰ѽ¯׼ˡ
ȥǴʲôʱſʼ¯ӵģ
زȽ硣
ڴһԺҪ˯ţһȺͼļĲӼ
ضŭҲ룬һŽ´齡
߾ߣ˭ĵӣ
¹ӣԴµˡһֻ̽˹ۿҪӣ߬Ųš
һᣬˣӺסë׵Դ˹ߵ
梣ҽȥ
ضűǾǲţһᣬôˡ
͸¶壬ض֪һ˯ţΣ˯ø
Ѿűתͷ˯ӡ
ůģضٿȫµ顣Ҫѱᵽϣ֪ʲôطˣ͵ۣɱ⽫ʱ
ضһͣıҲ˰ա
ضܵɱڿض˳գգۣں͸ϵ͸һĨδ˯ѵ
§ضͷֱۡ
ضѱӸǵϣδۡĬĬһᣬҲ˯ˡ
һ˯˯ĸض󣬰ѴȻ˯û찵ص´ճϴ
ԨϴϣڲԶ޺ϣ˴ӵѡѡΡ
梣ǽճա
Ϊʲô
ŮɫĹŮһɫ꼻鷢Сķ١
ԨƵķ٣»ڹ⻬ĺ
أʲô
̧ƳһۣԨһع
ơ˵нҹƻᡣ
СҹҲеƻᣬڹ￴ա
ĺÿ
ڵҲÿĵҹеƻᣬм硣Ҫһ˶ڣΨǣñô룿
ĥһᣬԲɿڣһ˵طˡ
ضһҪѴϡ
ЦЦŲء
ô֪Ҳ᣿ضƳһۡ
Ҫʰŵ£ʰˣõȵԺ󣿡
㵹˽ҡضӹŮŵѡһ֬ݸ״̡
ţ
ָպȡ֬Ĵϡ
ض˫ۣҰŻӿɺã
ϵָ͵һЩ촽
ͨһҰ׹ڵء
̲ˣ˭ޣֻԸϹڹźһӣߣ
ض̾˿˷
ŵôʲô֪ĿˣΪҪͽء
̽ץһ˫ں־ֿ֣١
ū䲻ϵ£빫ԺҪٿЦˣ
㵱ԾŻ⣿
һٻס
ضһס죬õˣˣ
֮ضɫ糣Щδֱױϣһδһʡ
ضƻָ˳̬ɻȻδɢ
Ů֮⣬ΪֶԨмӣ

ʹƻᣬҲ
ĹϹ״죬ɫͷ׵ĹƣÿյϵͼµĹǽڵƻӳ»ӳȤ
ٵۺ»ʺУƻҪֵĴš
ɢ͵ƵʱһʳУºʣµǸʳУֹؿ
ضЦҪȥʰĸһͬǰȥ𣿡
¶мɫæ˵ͷ
ɴ͸ǰûԨͬУǸˣºһͬ͵ưɡ
ҹỹҪعҩǲˡضЦ
¶źֻѰ˸ͷϵʳС
£һߣЦ
ָмּæӦˡ
ضЦſŲԽԽ˺ͷ
򿪽ŵʳУһ±һ̽ݣмµСˡó˼Ҳó˼Ϊѡ
ûȥǷʳ˰ɡ
̵ͷ
ض̧ǰȥ˶飬˭ҲûΪͣ벽
ڸǰٵۿЦɽĿ׷渣һҡ
ҹ紵ضȹڣջߣ
ȥա
ԹеƻûȤԨһͩعʱһ֦ͩͷӸµ
𣿡ʡ
걳¹𨡣
ǣȴʢâ
վͩ£֦ͷϵ꣬˵
档
ǣ紵Ժһ΢ɫü񣬼Ծأߵǰվ
𣿡˵ͽҹ
Ĭã
ӡ
αװˣʱԼΪǹ롣
żʱ֮Ϊ˵ĴϵļһͻȻ֣һ¡
ԭԼǸ˵ʵ
ܣǵǹ룬װܣǹ롣
Ϊ֮
˳ŵ˳ӣδʡ
иչƻᣬٽѾһСװõĵ
ˣɽ˺Ħ࣬̽ߺﲻǰﵱһʢ
ضñڽͷñеŮӼ䲢ۣȻԵԨڣòڣһ˫дϵǰȺʮִۡ
Ϊ˶Ŀض·С̯˸Ҫϡ
׶̶ȲҪߡ
ض߶ʮһŽǿиȥ
ʲôСǡ
Ԩδ˵ߵ͸۾ֵرĲ
ҲҪ
ɷ˵ȡñ̯֮λϵһŰ׺ߡ
Ǯ̯ˡ
˾нλǹĹ˰ɣС϶ǰԶԶһۡҪʲôǮλֱ°ɡ񾩵ʱС϶һһ˵ء
ɵþɣҺϲ
ضЦЦҪӺɰǮѾһȥ
ʹʹáͭԣ̫
˾Ű֡
š
Ԩӽ˻ضǰȥ
ҵñ
ȡ
ǰʷɱһѳʳȳԽȺӱͷҲأȴûֺи
Ԩ㵽ҪȥĶʡ
ơ
ĿĶǵƣδǣЦݲϵȺУϡٵķֱȥ
Ҫģʲôƣ
·һߵĸ߲¥ȪסҪźŵĹߡ
ʲôûųҪ𣿡߲
ûźš
ȪĿתԶȺĶˡ
Ҫˣ
Ȫ治ɫ
ٵȵȡ
ϿһѪͳ˭֪˽ûйôûģ߲˼
벢ҪҪǡȪ˿̻
Ȫ¥̨վֱ壬һ¥ϵĻƣתߣ׷ٶԶȥټ
оٰĵƻж֣֮ж塣
֪ضֻʣ˴˽Ųʯϵ
ŽϿһˣ¹棬һյϨĵƮҡ
Ԩɿ֣ת˵
ۡ
ضɵرۡ
ĽŲԶȥǿͣǰ
ˡ
ۣһյƳǰ
ѩֽϻһִŮӡȻʴۣȻǲıʷƼרעϤġ
Ļˣɣʤǧ֡ͻ˵޹أֻȡ߳һһ
ʲôʱ򻭵ģʡ
ǰڻˡһֱ⡣˵ţҫƵľƣҲԼģժǹصڶӵķϵơ
ضסժǹصΪƣ
ӵջߡ
Ȼأ
׺ߺķۺͶߺĿԣٿذˣ΢ҹ緭ŪŶ˵±ߣԶеĵƻ**ҫĿҹա
ޱߡ
ƣʶؽסˡ
ϲ¶ȣƻ˿ġ
Ȼأ
ӵĶȥ
嶯֮Ҳſ޴ظҪһ·װС
һϲ֮ˣİãпһ̹ϵģȴʹеβ
׼֣ͳӵȼ˵о
ضԲģʣŴͨôƴģ
߿·ͷҲֱ̧׳
ضȻ
оȼ˻ӣͺ󣬹ؿְɡ
йͣɵ֣ҡҡλΣҹҹա
һֻס֣Լ
ļײ꿪ţߴͳ
֣梡
ضһ㶣ʶ̧ͷǡղҵ
ǽҹԷŵơ˵
ĪģضǰһչĪģȻɡ
˫ֺʮԸ
ʲôԸʡ
˵Ͳˡ
Ҿͻˡ
ƭҡ
ġ
ۣרԸ
Ԩһ·ϷֵЩ׮
Ůƭӡ
һŮƭӣƺҲûİ취Էй
޷ݣͷԽԽͣԽԽһ޵ϴߵԵʧȥǣԸ϶ۣһ˵ɵϡ
Ȼëһ
Ԩ͵ԭҪĳǻ
ôҲˣʡ
Ը
ʲôԸ
УƻԻ͵ȥǣָ֣ۣĽ
ûõĻشȻıӰȴͳ
ҵԸǣԸʵ֡
һ˵Ͳˡ
顣
ͷһۣɫᶨɡ
첻ʵֵģʵ֡


76 
ʯɫĲ, ˸쾡ͷȥ
಻ϵĵƻڽֵҡҷ, ƮŸɫСʳӵζȺ, Цϡ
ŶߵǣŰ׺ŮӣڵƻɺĽͷ
СС۵СֲڵȤ
ڲݱఫ϶СͷݱӣӱŵݼӵĲǺ«ֽС, ضǵһβƻᣬȴǵһθܵĵĸˡ
һͬ޾ĸˡ
˹곤֣¶ЪʱضѾһС⣬ڵȴ⽵Ĺ, ȫ˳ȥ
ڵСؤյǺ«ͲݱСӣС˵Ц, ɬصл, ˡ
̵ϰʱȥձԨû
еĶձԶ˵, ϰҹضζ, ֧ʹԨȥ·˵ձ̯, ֿʼ᲻˸ա
֪, ͹⽺ˡ
ضǰð, ۰Ͱ͵صԨ
ڣڴ·ǰ
ȺзһзֺڱʯɱʺΧֵĽշΧ룬ڵϵĮҲģѱģһʱ¶ŷâȻĿµഥ񴺷紵أůѸâӲ
ĿתԵһжǹƣ硣
ضʶůΪܻȴʱҡȫĿ
ʱԸЩ˽С˼ҲʱʱΪҪرĿ⡣
Ԩǰձ̵̿ζһӻð˿һ˱ζ˸в󶯡
·˵ձѾˣǸôʡ
˵·ϼġ
ضɿпýƣԵȦֵձɸɾģôҲǼġ
ձݵߣ̧ҧһڣڵһ¶ã˿ζҲã֣æ˵ҧûԹһߡ
δ䣬ѾƵһߣſҧҧλá
ձƤһڹС±˴¡ɫ糣ƺú˷ʳһûԡ
Ҳ⡣
⣬ضԼҲûôýġ
ףҨһ⽵ݸԨ
ƳһۣǶ
෴ſڵ죬һںҨ⽡
Ҩڶ⽣ۿѾߣȻɫһס
ЩҲҡҡ
Ԩǰ룬ߵϰǰ˵ʲôȻ¯ӱߣֱϰﵥˮһ⽡
»ض
ôˣ
մ⽵ľףһԸɾĸ
⽵ĸݺϺƽǰˮġ
ضȻ
Ѿͷȥ·ղֻǼͨһС¡
ضҨһͽ⽻Ǻʣȴʮָӡ
һһڷʳִձԨȥˣضŽֱߣһ֧żŶȵĽ¿ੲݣ
Сү̫ùˣû¥ͷƲ˵ձ˸ˣСүӽ£񾩳Уô׶񼫵ǿ
Ȼ֪СүҵݣȻСүı⣬ҪԺСүһߣ洫Ŀ߻ұ߻ˡţСүǲ˵©ݣ
ܱ٣ֻСүҵȻˣ
Сү㡭Сүûл񾩳ĺգ
Ԩ˻Բ֡
Цˣסڰյ֡
˴ߣ»
Ԩ㻹ų𣿡
һۣӺšһ
梻ǰһϣ㳤󡣡
ûлͷȴĬĬս֡
Ҳġ
ȱθݷʳ¶ůغ濾·˶¶ſֵı飬ȴ̲סһЩɷ羰Ļ
һЩŵƽԼȥ˼Ļ
ԨԺ𣿡

ҪʲôԺ󣿡
ѿڶԺ󡣡
ûأ
һȻߣµ˫ãʹڵȻ½ü
ܡ
ӵͷͬŵĹãлɳá
ૣһ㡣
ԵĻҲһЩ
ġ
սˣ̧ͷȥȴûп
¶ԼãҲڶģĵ
еģ㡣ǰߡ붼Ҫ롣
δ㯵ԺηΪԴԴϣȡ֮
һ㣬ںڰҫڹ
ڵġ
֪࣬ͻڽյĳϣյĻպܱʱҲڽյ档
ֵؿһۣĿǰ̹ͬš
ᡣ
梼ıࡣ֪ԼִŸʲôᶨġ
ͣ½Ų߳һͷֹԾӸ
ӵкȫȻ෴ëѻڳ£һ˫Զ͸žʯ䳺âӲ㯣Ӳη塣
һǰ
һֱҡȺ̫ͷߵһ᲻䡣
պȻΣϢȺз󾪺
ӿ٣ضæٽܣվµһ̣ĻǷ׷ֵ̧꣬һᣬССˮӣˮ䣬ˮʢ·˴ҴҵӰˮһ
꿩̯ؼˣ
ͷϡ
ȵ죬СүСүͶ𡭡Ӵ˭ҲСүѥŲţ
˴Ҵߣ·ߵ̯ҲѸ̯һյʱ䣬ɢϵĵƻҲ˴롣
ҹɫֽͷϸɪɪȴ䣬
걻ߴıӰͨ۵ʮָͽģͬů
Ʈ˿ʪǵ鷢ָƽĨʪľؿʢ˶캮ǡ
𴽣ЦҲ̲סЦˡ
ĻǺʼսĿһҹʧ١˳˫Żڵϣȴǰδеɡ
ɵȻ㣬յĳ̵š
֪Բڡ
˿ҹ꣬бأʪϸüֽۣοӣɫһĽ۴ꡣ
챻ߡ
۾ЦôҲ֤ʲô׷㡣
Ѿ֤ˡ
һЦⲻһ
ȱͲ׷ͬĳŵ
Ҫһֱ梵Сǡ𣿡
ϣ̧۶Ц
ܡ
áָͷЦҪģ梶㡣


77 
µ, ֮ͣ˷һʢ½, ǱA, ˷һͬĴΧԡ
һδ˷ٰA䣬ǻʱڵˡ
˵Ǯڸ󸨳һΪԹСʱȥۣ϶Բô˲ƵAͳڸֵĽ
֮ͣ, AжͩΧٵ˷Ȼ£ҳҲ׼׵
һ, յعźͬ, 𽳵ںƺƵĽӵӿ⡣
ӵǻ״̤, ;, Ŀ͡
·˼պ, ˵ʸжʧ, ſ˼յĹӸ׷˳, ԰, ǧСǸǰС, խĳһҪ
ڳ, ֻлӵǧˡ
ʱ, ͣЪϢɫеķƽһ۵͵, зﴩĵƵɫá
ڵĳƿ, 񾩳Ů׳ڴڡ
ƽĿŴ, ѹĿ⣬ȥڻǣӵӰӺһȺ̣ԵõĶУӳģɴ˳䡣
֪ˣл
ﴫŮƽһͷø͡
ƽ뿪󣬽̻ͷҪȥ𣿡
ҲɣһյĳҲˡض÷гһҳ飬ָĦƤµļǽڡԨ
˯۽ﺬӦһ
˯ˣ㰢梳ȥߡ
Ԩĥһᣬ
ķ֪ʲôʱɿˣһīȾƵڷǰµ鷢Ҳ˯Ƶģ΢΢
ضȡ꽫δķ¸ץ˸βһ£ͷһ߸п
ȵ꣬ԨҲüӹˡ
ӼӹڴʮӼӹʮΪֻмӹںſɷֻзʽվ˶յߡżҲжʮӹڵ⣬Ļӣ꣬ѶʮжȥŲ鲻Ըؼ˹ڣ˷вԸ
ƲĻ⣬ҳԨҲüӹˡ
ӹں󣬱ζʽ̨̤žǷɻ飬˶Ҫģڶµջα䣬һжûж
սͬһսҪñ֮ǰǿܽڹ֮䡣
ǰҲҪӹˡЦŵ¸ʱûؿڸߣѾȷƽˡʱѽ
ɲô
ض¶΢ЦͦȺһĿȻ
ַϣǣ
޵̫ϣ˹ڻϵ磬ضԨ򳵶βȥ;ЪϢͽյҲʶ׳ŷ磬ˣæʰ
·ػɵʱػɺĶ³Ϊѵ˵Ҫͬһߡ
ƽ˵̶鲻ǵһ׺ڳԳ̶֮ӾͿʼṩAʻȡǮ˴˸ȡ裬£
оʱͬˣβͶ׺һ̣ʳֻҪǮŮҲ򵽡
ضβ͵ʱ̳ӾȻȺﲻٲȻһֵСС
Żˣ̷Ӳߺ
ˣĺɰɡ
ҪҪū˳Ƥʹ򣬴ȥ
ʵĺдûжУУưɣ
ضһ룬ߵѾСС
·̯ʱͣһȺĺ
лó
ضӹֽĺЦ⸽ô
ˣСԱţͷģܸһ졣֮С˾͸ˡģǵصĺˣҪԱڶԷԸСˣһ
Ӹ˵꣬ձһӴⶼǾĹˣǳ෢۵ĸҲҪ˸Ҳҳԣˣĺҵձɣһۣͯ
㡪
ּһǵͨ죬ض˫۾ȲǵҪ˻غ
ĺһûԹأáضɫ糣ЦģӦڵĺˣ֪ôͷʶģ
һ˼ס
ǴӴѹģȥ͸̵Ķ˷ˣңﶨ
ӴĹģضȤʵЩ˳ûд̣Ϊλȥ
ǵĻʵۣǱ߲ϰյ˿̾˿ǰ㻹ãǺˣ˵ʮǱߵĺ˲Ųҡ
ضһᣬú̶ǰȥ
̷ǵ಻ضţһʽˮ̯ǰͣ
̯һ߰СŮһﱧСкĸͬƼݣҲǸСкϻЩӤʡضûߵ̯ǰʱСŮ۰Ͱ͵߾һֱĺƶ
ضкݳЦ
ҳԲˣӵֺܿϧҵæ𣿡
СŮҪ֣Աߵĸ˾һѽ˹ȥ˵лˡȻڽˣ³ιСк
СŮԴҲ飬ֻʧĽ̻ʵСк
ǿػŭ
ضüû˵عͷҪȥһԨѾ֮ǰӡ
һᣬµĺ˻бϲâСŮѺ
ʲôضЦãѽ
Ҫ
ضƫͷʾ⣬ɵ
üתѱСϵŮ
һԻõĸᣬضüֹδڣһҽ
ԨŸ˵׽һСĳŮӴӰƷ
ãػֽкá
һƨɵϣɫ仯ҪˣãԨϺõǻһᣬ׻ˣ˻к˵
СŮӵؿԨñ
ԨȱСģ֣üһɫӳֽĺ
׼ȷ䵽СŮ̽סˣضֻ΢ЦؿžСҧһڡ
һ֮һضſʵĸף
ҺСŮ˵ֽץʣµĴǰˡ
ô
ڡ
ʲôģ
ׯڵġСŮ¶ػشʡ
нճΣ֮ʣࣿܳԵһλȣضʡ
һ·ʵĹŹⲻ٣ػѾֲ֣Щ֪ʲôã
ضû˼⣬ֱСŮԽ
Ӻɰͳöͭ壬ȥ
øȥͬʱ¶ȵСŮЦţ
ԸǶԼ취ǰ񾩣ȥѧһнˡ㣬ϰֵĻᡣ
ض˵꣬ת뿪ˮ̯ӡ
ôԲˣ־ȲУ˭͵һػ˵
ԨͶȥһۣػɹ۾˻ȥ
Ա⡣ض
ػһ㶡
վס˭ҵĶ죿ҴһҪëƤ죡
һ⸬̯ͻȻɫŭ׷˳ȥ
ԭػɵĶӳ˲һ鲻֪ʲô⸬һַֺĶһѾʱ·ȥ
˭ҵĶӣ
ػɻعһŭ𣬸׷ȥ
ɹһںض޷ĵػɸ⸬Ǯ
ɢҲɢˣҲˣضټص·СָߵĹˡ
һ߰ˣһЦ͸ɢͯһÿ˵ľǹĹˡ
ضЦԨ˳
ɫװСŮ·ˣ·ˣ˼壬Ƿ·ϽʳķˣܹζͲôˣ˷еʳζòһǰ㡣
ضһͲˣķϣӲͷƤԼĳԹˡ
ùźӴAٴ̡
ضڳ￴飬Ԩϻ˯ѣӴԼһʱٵǱߵС̫һС̺ӡ
;·ϵˮ治ףһС̻ٵ۴Լķݶٳġ
ضȥٵ۵ĳǰлڳԨʳһ̺ӡ˵ǷʳԨõѣȫĶ
⼸յľͷϲɫϲ·𣿡
ûл£ϲ¡ضЦ
һʱ˷ѾͥĲҾ磬ΪһƬѪٵսһ̣ɵڴص£бǱӣ·ϣȪΪϾ󲻾ãֲⶾ֡
½׸ѱ½ġڴɿ𡣹ڷƽ˾Ԫˣ̨ǳ¡ڵˣȻڡٵڶǰͷ͸ߴȫ˫½㿴ŸӰȪھ޴ǰЦţϥϣһƥСǡ
бֵø˵


78 
, AͣӪկ
һ󳼷׷ɢģڳӲԶĿƽԭϲڡ
ⴵ΢ʳζػɵķʶһʱ͸ػɽٶ졣
ôˣҶҪˣػһŮϵʳоͷƢҪԴд׼ը㣡촣Ϻڣ
̰ɣȽΧ, ʵ˳ˡСο
̲̲̣
ػƣʹţȻƳµķʶ졣
죺
ػص̾˿, ׻ķʶ죬ظһ͹ˮĶë
ѵʱ򡣡
ʶ찲ֵٶ죬ﶯҲҶ
ػ, Ȼüͷ, ſĿ˭˭ڿ⣡˭ұűԶʳ
Ŵ˰ա
Сû˵ͱƿˣػɶ˶, ץСޣ˳ȥ
˭ұԿ⣿ѶԷԴ
ѭſ, ػ복ӲԶĵطҵΧŻѿӵض
ضһ̿, źȻֺȻɲסŲҲߣ
ҡػɻɿ˼λش𣬷ض䵽Сϡæſ, ҡҳģ
СڳӺô
ҵСػŭ
ضЦȻߵ, ɲºһԵ㣿
һֱĬԨضͶȥһ
㿴ʲô㲻ӭ, ƫҪһԷػһƨض, ϲŷ֦ȥ
ƨɡԨûϴɾ, ǿźÿġضȵ֦ݸ
ֻýƵԨѾãػɽӹԨ
ػɵʱըˣ㷭ʲôۣҴСģ
Ԩ
ػ̣ҪߣӣһߵӺ𣺡˭ڳãôɰ˭ôɥĲá
һͷŭҲ߶ض˲䣬ɫ䡣
òңҲ˫һͨһͷ𣿡
ػɵɴ۾㣡
ҲػɵĴڣضϥйֺõչʾͷ
ôԵ֣ܼͷעҪһõԵ֣Ҫǲ˶˲ˮҪһԹãǾ͸ˡ
ػŭƤĳ˭Ƥȳǽ񣬿㱾ͳԱˣ
˭ƤˣҾƤҲûϣ㼱ʲôҲüؿãƤĸʲô
˵˭Ƥɢɢģ
Ҳɢɢģ˵˭Ƥ
һըػɺ޵еҲۿҪȼһսµⳡҹʱ˸ȼĻǡ
޳ߣͼ֣
ٵ۴ѹѹһȺ˹ضһۿ»ʺԼ»ʺ߸뺲õʮ׳
ȣɫκҲ㲻ʲôˡ
ٵ۵ǳػɺҲҲˡ
Χڻǰһʱ䣬μ¡밲ﲻ
ٵֺǺǵذֵؾнţߣ֣ͦҪû޾ྣ
ضЦԸлȻ֮á
ߴȫһɫɫεС̫౳һѺŵԡ
ٵºЦɣɡ
ҹᣬӿٵۺ»ʺΧпõĻѻ׻
ػɵķʶһҡһߵٵ۽£ɫƶгѥһƨ
Ӳɣػɱɫ
ٵΪؿϵķʶ죬û¶ϲޣաˣ޸ո·˵֣֪˵ʲô
ػ˾˵Ƥ
ٵ󼸸ɫˡ
ص˵һۣػҾֵ¹ٹ̲ܽϣˡ
ЦöЩΣ˴˶һۣ·ڽиСǸʲô顱
һ࣬ϿӾͲˣڸߴȫ֪ʶȤҰô̺͹ŮڣëƤĹҲһǳаˡ
ΨһģضԴĺȻڴ˷ֵǧ֣ɴϸ¶Ը̴д١ȣлյһϡض²١
ԸȥȡֿԨģЦԨֻȥǳ԰ա
ߴȫʮض˵ȡ˰ֻƤӡ
ԨֽĿԺٵۺŻӻʲôˣ
̷ˣһԨڻѧʶѣҲˡضЦ
߳࣬īߺڡٵһǳЩ˿ģ˽ȴŻӵĽѣ㻹Ǹöѵ˼
һһأǣǸǵ꣬һͲǺˡ
ֻȺʮ׳һЦݵؿˡ
ŸҵһЩǰһ¹ʱ򣬾ûŸĴֻǡŸˣҺк׳įҲ־Ÿ磬ҵ̫СˣŸûɡ
ضû֮⣬ﴽЦ
ʮܵһθ˵ܵһԨҲǵһε硣ʮܶһպи磬Ԩġ
ǰͻʺһ˵ϲϸġٵ۶׳˵Ѿʹǰͬˣ£Ժ˵Щһʱû
׳ͷӦͣЦΪӲ
ʺĸʣֵܽö˵ؾнպʲôѴ߽ض𿾵͵ƨɣЦŵݸ׳˵ô
߽˵׳ӹƨɣܺ;Ÿһô¹ʱʮĽ㣬ֻʱݵ΢óȻӽ
ɫʹ֪µꡣ
ض̾˿ô⣬߽ѹҿͰ㵱ܵء
׳һ㶣̧ͷպײض۾
˫Цڵͫȴ޶˷
ٵ۸͵ëøģ뺣Ǵ˷˾ĻӣǰСˣԺ󿪸Ц
׳ϵЦԽҲסɴ촽տڲˡ
ϼſѾȫˣƵĴƤͣȻͺ磬ʳָ󶯡
ضڱнӹ⵶зֿá
׳ŴƤڷ˹ѪҺĽɫ֬ȼյĻѣɫԽԽáڷ裬ϵӰڻҲҡҷ
죬Ķһͣ٣̧ͷһЦ
ɪɪҹԶǺžȼյٵ۶ŪϷʶЦΧ̸˵ЦȻ֮䣬Զȥˡ
ҹ紵ڣÿëף׳Ȼ֦ΪôҪֽӵˡ
ֻһһûԹʲôͷи֮ʣŻʵ۳谮ܱQڵ湫ˣ
˵ΪʺӣڣΪӾѾһͷ
ǾӸִһĨĿ⣬ڿ˭
׳ضѾͷ˴Ƥȡ
ضɫ糣ʢڽ̵Ĳسʸٵۡ
ĿԾոյһۣ·ֻĴ
ֻǴ
飬һѰᡣ
롪

Ƥ죬ɷһ̾Ϣ
̫óˣ̫óˡ·ˣﶼ쵭ˣֻң
£˰ֻõһ֡
̷̧ͷ£Ĳԣ
ϵһ̷ֻܼһݶ˶
ԡЩĲɡ
̷⻹˵ʲôѾûûεشӿ־һ飺㲻ԣҶˣ
ԶԶĵطЦŲ㡣
˵ʲôأ
˵ʲô𣿡ԶЦˣҺʲôҲû˵ɡ
̷üˣֲǲ֪ĵԡһƽϡ
ҵ֪ҵĵʲôܹǲһԶЦ
ˣ̷ٴδҪȥ
Ҫǡ
Զ˵ҪԨмȺ⼦Ϊ飬û˵꣬Ԩǰء
ΪҲɱ㣿
Ԩɭɱ⣬Զܵͷһ
ڷԨǶ˵һ̣ò˵нٺĸо
ԨĿǰվٵ۳ŵκգշһӡ
ƶƶѾ˽⡣ƶ䲻ȴҲ⣬ϲԡκԨһ֮֮ǰࡣ¿֪ΪΣ
Ҳ֪
κδţԹԵ
Уʱ޿̲ɵ֮¶ϣԷȴδء֮һ˵ѣ٣˶Ե²ġ
ԨɫһŲߵκǰ
ɢɱſĳѹѹԺ
κմӺＷɳƴȫ˵ʣµĻ
²ѳɴ£֮ǡ
²ɣ
̷Ԩɫԣۼֿֿˡ
ñ³ţ²̷
ԣҲվ̷Ǳߡ
Զԭֲ´Цҿλʦ侲˵˼Ҳⱻϸһȭȭǹʲô£
̷Ԩκ֣ˣԨȻ׽κӳ
κһǱͣ¡
Ԩת뿪ıӰκռ£
Ԩͣ½ŲͷҲص
˵ģΣ
κһ㶣ʲô
ͷ۽⽣һ㽫̴
ΡԼ˵˲㡣
ԨˣκԭһᣬɫȻҲ뿪ˡʣµֻ꣬Զ˼ڵϵ˵˭
һãȻ
̷ƺ뵽ʲôһۣȻͬ
벻ġ仰Ƕ˵ģһ仰ʣµӳˡǶ˵ġ
ԶЦһһʶϵ֮ǰ̬ȣԽԼվλá
֮Ҫˡ

ڻϿҰҰѾֵòˣٵ۴ظ鲻ضڳҩһ˳ᡣ
̿һͺգ˵Ҫȥô
߰աض
һߣҪȥٵ۵ҹ¼ӡ
ǿضһӦ¶
λôˣô𣿡ض
µ뿪ڵµúǰޱ飬ֵ˵Цˡ
λǶȥضʡ
ǡµ֪кָ̣
̸ָϡֻǴʱǶߣ¡ûռǡضЦ
ΪΣ
׸治֪Ϊ𣿡ضЦ
µúͲлֱ˵αزҴţ
λ˺αشװͿضλ¹ʮѪ˵ϾͶϣķڷɫԤףλ³ˡ
ض뿪¸ӶһۣԴӶԷ￴ɻ;衣
ףǻȥôµúʡ
Ȼȥ˵
˻صµԸȥٵۺضǰʲôˡ
һһ㱨üͷšһԵĴ֣һʱû˵
µú͵ôˣǰҲûʺôǺͻʺͬͬ
ǺͻʺͬͬǻʺΪʮӵԵʣ˱ۡɫأʮӣֽŻʺıԽӽ¡
ʮᣬĻ𣿡µúɫɡ
ǻʺƾԼıµ˱»ģΪʲôƫƫ߸˸ʮ֮󣿡
һ㣬µúͻȻͨ
ͶϣΪһϢֺ֪ûʺʲôãʺûʲôԸġµúٽԺͻȻͷɫ䡣
ʺûʲôԸġй֮λۣʺδ͸¶һǰ㣬Ҳͬ˼Ӳ֪Իʺʲô**Ҫǽûгǣʥּǻڹ
ދֱˣµúʹŭ֮½гΪʺ֣е׵׵ֶﲻ֣ƫҪȥһûϵĹŮĶӣⲻǷʲô
૵˵ދҲ֪ʲô˼֮ʵڿ¡
ףǸǺã
²ɽ֪󡭡²˵£Ѿ˽٣֪ʺģ»Ѵ°ͷϡ³
˵ǡµú͵ͷһϴ顣
ڽġϷµʱȥɡµ
µú̲סʣ
״ȥ

ô
ض΢΢һЦˮϵİߣ۵ٵǰ
͸ʯɼʮӸΪ̬
ԼŮֲɵͬʮӡѾзĶӣͬ⡣ʣµУʸʮӣϥûжӵģɡɡˡ
ųϣԼֱʮӴ˼꣬ϲԸ˶ӡ
ָһƣòС˵̡
Ȼûжӣ¸ֻҪ㲻ʮƵ
һĹװŮҲ˾Ө͸ϡ
ʣµɡضɵˮӣ΢Ц΢йְߵ˾Լټɥӣʥ˥΢ʮƸֻж£ӴһұΪȮ˰ţٺʲ
¶Ԩ޺ϣ۾˭֪˼ȥʲôط
ʱڱƿӣһһ˵˽
Σض̧ۡ
ӱģȷʵɡȥܸˣµл¿鲻ôɡ
ôضЦ˵鷳ĲʮӡĵĻʺ󰡡
ϴ۵ӣЦ˹ֶ˻ʺԺ·ôߣеͷֻۡ
ļ˲Լͬһٵضȥ
ָϵµúͣŵ¡
ЦûԺ󡭡ѵ˵ء
ڱȻһ£æ׷ӵūչԸѾ֪ˡ
ɣ
ģͷ벻ȻѾ޲ϡ
޲źð
ضŵӣƮƮ
ҧ˼˰ա
һ飬޺ȥѸʰ̡
齹һ£Դ͹ϡضϰΪؽִϣһûһµĦ᾵Ĺǽڡ
״⣬
Ԩ˵úóô
΢ڷһϣ̧ʱںڵľҲŲһ¡
šĵؿں͸ϣƺ
ֵһᣬû˵
ǾͺáЦ
κյ¡
ʼû˵
....


79 
AӾǳպ, ڽĲԭ
ضϱ¹, ȴһαϡķ缴ʹ, Ҳ䵶Ӳ, ˲ſʼ·, ضѾʼ衣
һ, ӭͷ, ٵѪͣΧһա
󳼼Ҿ׷ӿĲԭϱŭ, ضҲ˻߳Լƣ塣
Ԩһƥͨںڵı۳ޱ߲ԭϣضڱ׼İϣһɹ̫, һ߿ϵԨд, ϷɹĴһ
֮ٿش̴, ӵ
Զ׹䣬Ԩɫ糣ǰ, 򾴻򾪵޶á
ŸǺüҾͲС
ʮ˹СԾھλĵط
ضȻԶȥӰ, Ҳվ, ΢Цʮܶϰ, ԺҲͬԨһ
ˡʮӴ, 梲֪ɣҵġһ̥ҩ, ûɣҡ˵һ꣬һǻˡҺͰҲͬɡ
ضڿЦЦ
ûȹ̥ҩһ
ʮӶؿɫ䣬Ƭ̳Ĭ󣬵ʲô梲Ųϲô
ʮˣûвϲ㡣ضЦҲûϲ㡣ʮѾõĸϲһĸݻΪһҪִҵϲأ
ڵ̬ȡ͸ʱǷ̫һ£
ضЦų֡
ɵؿڻǲ˹ضķЦһȥ͸˵ա㣬ҡ
ʮ͵˼ľ룬ͬʱһֻƿ֮ͷ𵴴ԺͻȻɢ
͸۵ĳɹɣһ룬ֻ⡣
ʮӵڵأɫؿꡣ
Ԩǰ߳ת۾ð梴ض𱸵ʮܵǸ
ԨϣӸµؿɫѿʮӡ
ֻ
ʮС̲վǿһЦݣŸ粻طϡ
ͷɢֻˣʮٺƤҲΧ˽дȥˡҴҸǣСƵ뿪Ƭԭ
ضɫΣЦ޻ڸ֮ꡣ
ôˣҪ֪¦ô
ԨǰץոʮͷؿһͲ֮ӲһذְڲͲ˼¡
ضЦˣԨ㵽ʲô

ضȻʧЦʻǴѧģǰʻᱻĲõĵط
ΪʲôҪĿƶ
Сӳˣ׾ҲԽԽ
ֱضЦԺˡͣ
Ԩתصǰȡ¸մĴ˹
͸㡣˵
͸ңضȵΪʲô
ĬһᣬѴֱ
㡭ûΪʲô
ضֻܿЦõһֻżĴ񡣻û޹Ԩڲԭϼضس̵ʱ̷ˣ̷̬ȹѣҪ̷ţྼ䣬ͬеĳԶ񣬾ЩѰζˡ
·ڵмＸƵġ
óԶ¶ԽԽκյǺԨ˵ʲô
ضصѹõĿڳ˺
һߵͩݵĲȣһ߱Թʲôͩ˵õֹƽôһöûУ
ôûãͩ裬ҲûôضЦ
̲ƭ۵Ͳ
ضһѿѹȥ󣬵ʮǱˣ
һߴڱǰһعʮɢݺȥ˻ʺ
ʺպִ˼ΪͷŹ֡ض
ʮĺƲ硣ڱ΢̧ۣ̽ؿضô죿
ǰ£ҹܲˡƤӵ¼񣬿һͬѪҺķϣһȥз𷨡
¶һ˿ãȥã
ضп˵ĲյЦ
ȥ磬ˡ

պ󣬺ƺƵĴ˷ӺμAĸӻϣʽͩΧӪկ
˴βμAĳ˼Сĸ⣬δʹ˷ҲкƽԼĲԭĲ
ΧΧ֮ǰΧǱؾ֮˶ĦȭƵΧдչ֣ضȴԤ׵زˡ
˵ԤףʵҲԣǰĿԾͿʼԽƵΪ岻ʣӭѰĹ綼ûμӡ
׼֣ýѻ迾ˣ¼ˣ轲ͩ軻źȸͣû뵽ǲˡ
ˮټЩһ²״͡ϳȿӣܲܰﳤ˷ˮ⡣
ԺʹһΪضɫص
㣬ֻܿҩҩûеģȥңһҪѶáٵ
ԺʹֹŴһҩȥˡ
ٵƽճٶۣƫƫʱ׽Ժʹɫ˸ɣҲ߳
ԨŶǰ߳񣬳ҲҪϣڴϵضڵ
ȥ
װûߡ
ȥ
ض˵꣬ͻȻ̲סͿ
ĿκŭãѾߵŵԨһͷ˻
ߵߣضץסȱߵ֣߬סյñ
Ϊʲô
ضڿȡ
֪Ҫ˵ʲôԲȥ׷ʡ
˵ʲô㶼ȥضƽӺͳ̸˷͵ʵ̸оҲģ
û˵ʵ
Ԩû˵꣬Ϊض֣ʣµĻ
ȵԴԴ¶Ⱥضֱ۾
ԨŰô
š
ǾͲҪȥ
ȻضĿԡ
ļĬ̲һɫӷ϶սڽз衣ʱȻͣ˶˵
Ԩһνе
ĺͬס֫ٺ
ܾ
ֻһֱɵƵ
Ԩѿڣ
á

ٵ۰ԺʹʺԺʹһֱǰϥ£һ
ѽôˣһˣлú˵عʲô
ٵüͷǰԷͷ׷Ժʹ
ϳԱΣĲ顭ˮ֢֮ҲȫˣԺʹ̾һʹļ׵첻㣬кòټ˼ϣкġ
ٵɫ԰ס
ԺʹɫУҾֵ塭ϳ޲߰
㡢㶼޲ߡ˭ܾ޵Ķٵһʱ˵ˣؿԺʹոպ˵˵취һҪȾ޵Ķ
¡ǾɡԺʹҾ֣ȥ
һΣٵû
޲˵ôֻܿҩܱģǻʵۣʲôҩԵ𣡡
ٵ۲Ȼŭڸߴȫ˲Լͬ򵹣СĹŮδ˼ƣ綶ɸ
¡ϳϳ˱ºͳΡ
Ժʹݲ
㿴޵Ķ
ٵ˵ÿһֶƽʱʱҪƽǰ͵ԽصԺʹһնȥ
ж೤ʱ䣿
Ժʹãֱͷĺ棬Ų
ܱʱ䡭
˵ٵֱһƴĿ̨֮ʼܣŭɶ޵ĶŶʮ꣡껪ôܡôܣ
ϳ
Ժʹؿͷ亹ֱ
֮ŭʬȻٵٶŭ㶯ŭҲδɱˡ
һڸߴȫĲ¡ǷήңȻ֮˼ꡣ
㲻˵૵ֻҪúãԻʮô
ˡɳԺʹ˼࣬ġϳܣ޷Ϊǽѡ
Ժʹ˵ãڶһ춯
ˡ㣬°ɡٵ۴
Ժʹ󣬴ű亹ʪ͸ĹٷС̲뿪ʡ
㣬ҰǸûõĸʡ
ٵʧǵ𣬸ߴȫͷ­۹۱Ǳǹģʲôû
ڣָֻ˼ž

Ƥ¸ǻǧ򣬾Ȼࡣ
ضϣۣʵô
ˡ
ԨŴһսĹϦ
㲻ȥô
ȥ
Ϊʲô
ָڷǧ˿ָߡץסҲ¡
˵ıС
ȥǲȥ
ض׷ʣŻҪ硣
ôΡΣƽˡԺ
Ԩḧ˳ĳ»ع˯ĵͻ˯գ
Ҳ볶ƽ
ѪϦسȥˣڵӰһ
һض˯˵ڶϣʱϣԨŴߣ˯úܲȣһ͵ؾѹ
ضδ˯ôãԼҲˣ⾫Ⱥ½̶һҩԼѪˡ
ˣôĺֻһˡ
ٵ۱ŻҲ˼ΣԨ˵ˡѹԸ뿪
ԨòһΧΧ˯ʲô˼
ضһᳮͬһ˯ꡣ
ƤؿһְۣƤˣ·
ٿҡ۾
Ԩۡ
˳ѻɨָˮں͸ϵǸմӵˮ̳ྻ͸ǡ
ϲõҲϲ˫۾
梻кܶҪһ˯Ҳкܶܳ˯𡣡۾ϸʺڻӴ˿̶ΧΧǰĺϢô
۾һᣬڷֱ⡣˰Σڵ
ǰһߴǣһ͸㡣

գ
ʮƥɫĿڹĴԭϷɳۣƨϲķϵ;
գ
֮ȫװ£ΧȦ
գ
ɢ
ǧ͵ĺڲԭ춯ء
ʮƥյϣΪƳݺš
ɫĻΧɵġǡУĽƷָ֪ͬƽתԶٵ۵ϥ£
ʿΧϣ³󣡡
󳼡ӻŮͬĺƬأ
³󣡡
ƶѲ۵ٵ۽ӹߴȫϵƤһɽӵġݡ۱Χ
ΧúҰ¹״׷ɢ
ٵ׼Ϸż
ಣ
ʸɫҰõ壬ڵ
ã
ĻӶŭΧ
һֻѩ׵ĶƨɷɹСػЩĸɱǧĸҶӣ
ֿ˻ȴգ
ԲԲҴɣϲ׺Ǻ
ػ˵кƤãƬ̣̻ضӡ˼ʱһߡ
ý֦Ҷ˽кöൽɫ乫ӷˡ
üųƮƮһɶģˡ
ǲǼ㣿
ˣĹйһ֮Եɿع˹֡
˵ûУػɲͷˣ˵׺Ƥȷʵò꣬һûкƤĶ˭ܸһźƤöǻ
ң˷Ѿɳ۶
üֹ
ʲô𹭣ȥ԰
ػֵؿһۣһУҲӵɽֱ˹ȥ
ʱ䣬ԭϵҰ¹꼸ɨһգĶɽУֻֽ¾Ӵܡ
죡ΧסΧס
ٵʮˣΧһֻǿ׳¹
¹ԾŲ˷ʤļʸһһպٵ۱ŭŴ󳼣ʤ࣬ҲҪֻƻ¹
ۿ¹Ѿ޿ˣٵ˷ܵؾ𳤹
ಣ
¹͵ٵļʸһŵӵƨϣȻתۼӳ˰ΧȦ
ٵ۵ɴ۾ˡ
ݡ
ƿһ֧ƺգѸ֮¹
ٵ̧ͷ
Զ۶ĸߴɫۣüͲһȡʸִǿȽǣһڷԺȴڵ˿
ٵۻûعеѳ֮
ݡ
ƿնֻļϾ͸һֻҰã
ü
һ鼤̲סһ
Ԩ𴽽ǣЦһת˲ɽ֡
ݣ
ݣ
ݣ
ͲһһաСɽֺͲԭͷرʱġš£ԽԽ࣬гɽơ
ԭѲΧԣԽԽ˾ڿΧһս
šµ֮࣬һܿԶˡ
ΧŻ϶Ĺھˡ˸̾
ԵٶôǹҲܽȥһҿȫ
ϧפأΧаεͷ
ߡǼͷҰ¹ҰôʲôСֵģǲʮСͿ¹
˸㼺вĲԭ˵ĳ͡
ٵδţԶû˳ɽ֡
Ȼ֮䣬һŭ쳹ƽԭ
ô£
ʲôˣ
һ˫˫۾ɽ֣վȽŵɽڴĻ
ٵ۵ɴ۾̲ס˫ְϿ̨Χ
׷ʲôٵͣ޲ֳʲô
ȻɽֱӰζһСɽĺӰɽ֡
䣡
һͷڵϣɻҲҶ
ȾѪڷڷ߳ɽӰɫսδ纮ǣһɽĳɫѪ沿ΪüһĨ塣
ﾲĬƬ̣
Ż䣡
׶þò


80 
ɽ, ȼܻ档
ɫεСڲԶĿյֽŸ, ڿ︺ֹ۷׷ס
ÿΧػؽеһ, ֮ƾ˻ñ¼ν
ǰ񾩳еĻʼεͷ
ǿ, ܲסҵ׺, Χʱӵӵһһǿʱ, һ
Ȼ꣬ٵ۵ǻһʽA, ⰵӿ, ÿ˶Aϵһһ, ˭Ҳû뵽, ӱĲǼҵۺǶĲʿ, ȻһʮľŻӣ
Żӵʲôͷǰδ˵ˣ
ܲɺɫأǳɫͫŭ
վߵĸոմ, ɫΪءĸͷ, ӴƳϸ΢ŵǴ˷ʵۺ﹫ٽ󶦡
˵˵պǳ屻ǹʿҲһ˿ٽ󶦣˽թҥԣڶʲôֽšô׵Ҳţ
ǡĸ, Ŀ򿴳µɫޣĴһͷܡ
ҲšЦһɽ, ˭֪ǲǴ˷ʵǰ˷Ƕ, ӳ䳡õģ
ĸֹ
ʱµСѽȫϣͳһһСһ·Сܣٵǰͷ
£ΧԻ񡪡
ʮֻСԻʮһֻŻԻֻԻֻ
ʮֻСŻԻһֻԻҺֻԻ׺ֻҺһֻ
̵棬ЦϣЩӺ꣬ǲԭϵʿм
һվٵߣµķգʱ£ڹΪʦ
ޡûСɣٵһãĶӽûôڻû֣
ԣһҲɻˡ
ǰôֻӶû򵽣
ҰʮһͷСԻʮͷŻԻͷԻͷĪոԻͷ
¹ʮͷСԻͷŻԻͷԻһͷ
һͷԻߣ̷⡣
ʮͷСŻԻʮһͷԻһͷ
ɫڵһڡ
ǲԭͬĳݣ֮ʣǻӵǲԭ˵ĬȻթյĺûӦеľη֮ġ
ͷԻߡŻӡա
һֻԻߡС̶˶٣Ķӡ
ʲô̲סͶ䣬תԵĸ㲻˵δôôӶˣ
ǶӣǶӡĸϲأһֻ죬Ӱ롭
ֹԭŮӣëࡣ
һͷԻߣŻӡС̽ͷ棬Χȫ
վ˳ٵҾֵ
ϲ£ϲ£Ҵ˷˱ճڣδڰ
ٵЦյΧǰӦû˭ң
ϳΪԻ࣬˵֮Ĺھµ
һüٵҾֵֻȾŻӶһֻȻŻӲԵǱΧԵһͷܣʵ˳Ϊˣ΢ΪΧھŻӡ
µúͶһ۵µ֮һվȺֵ
ΪŻ˵ѲΪ;Żʦͽ֮ʵ
һֻģ¾Ͳ
Ҫȥ׸ƾǲΪң
㡪
˵һһΪʵʥԻ棡
˺ˣ˵Ŀأٵۺϡ
˵ģ˵Żӵģһʱϡ
ٵۿû˵ĲԭĲͼƵλԶ㼺Ҳиᡭ
Цͷʵ۹Ȼ紫һų
ԴҲ֪ΧھҲֲԼġ룬һվ飬˸ײĹ񣬴ԭϽǿΪȻŻӺԻĿǴһܣˣʤԷ֣
Ͽǵ䣬Щˤͷ
½߳μΧˡػɺĶӳ֣ΪûԵǸ̷ڶԻ˶˿ǣ߳ģΧгԵܵԨ
īͫһ˫ڻӳžʯĹ
ܣɫڵĻȴ˷ϲҴû֡
ǰȥÿһǰԶá
ȺƿȺߵһߣȴǰ𣿡
ٵ̲סһû˷𾪣ΪѾڡ
ԭĲ˿ֲ´󣬷׷ӭս˷ߵȴɫ졣
ǲԭϳսʿһ˵˾ŻӿĴȸһڸоˣŻӮôӮ
ٵ۸ЦŶЦˡ˵˵ô;μΧˣЩô
ԨδţĿֱȻա
𣿡
ձŭŭֻҪŻ˲˵ԴСͺã㣡
ֿ𾢣Ȼ̷ײײ
ȵ
㿴𣿡
ûСʶ⣺ûμΧȥĶˣ
̷⿴ԶӪء
ˡ

һƬһ˿°ѾĬӪյ⡣
һӰھĳǰʧ
ԶվںڰУϢĿɨ谵ڣȷûе˺Ŀ˴ϵӰ
Щÿÿ񾩳ǰŵһҩζڣҩζŨҡ
Żÿ첻ܣͼʲô
èЬڵĦһһ봲ԽԽ
ʺ󣬱ٻӰԴ˻һ
Ǹʿԡ
Ϊʿ̬ȣǰѾŻӿӡȻ֪۾﾿ʲôȻ˵ǰ䣬ҪŸŵĺ䡣
ĺ䣬񾩳ԾŻӲ
²ѳɴ£֮ǡ
ŻѡĴпûȵĵ
ִݻŻӲģġ
Զʣָϱ鲼̵ĴӰĲӡ
ȻԶǰһƬŸһʹֲ

һƽŮֹסʶĶ
͵ѹӶŵĽ·һɨҰеĹӰ
˵˵ƣУ˫ѥİѵӰӡ
ᡭᡣ
ԶΪ˲ŭԷͷϵĽ
ϰȥ󣬳߼λ׽̴ŭĿԲɵӳԶЦĿԽˣ䵽ǽ
ų岻ʣʶǰ̽Ϊûǰ֮ˡ
ڱһһ˵ԶȻ˽ų
һŸպϥԶعѾ˵ϡ
㡪ɫɫ¶
ʲô㣡һûеƽͷСӣڳǰƾʲôơҡ
Զɫ䣬շߵһͷ
С˳Ұܣ볤ھŻӵķϣһΡ
ھŻӵķϣ
޺ϵİŮڿˡ񾩳ոմϵǸǼٻ
ԶڵϣѴ󵶻ƣաؿضŲæΪԼ˱衣
˲裬⻹ûִ꣬򿪿ϵСƿźͮͮ轷豭
Զҳߴ٣ԽƽԽǼ겻
̶Ƭ̣ɫѲǰձʱȡ
ǿھŻӵϡԴڲܺúùڲϡض
ԶǿЦСˣС˵̽ġѣСģһûУС˸жЯǳ;Żӳ棬С˺εºܣܹAУСǸ飬ĲǰС˴һּٻС˸ĸó
ضЦЦط꣬㻹ûнʧ
Զһ㶣û˵ʲô
ҹض΢Ц
ԶĿֱָԼĲӵĴ󵶣СǺǡ
ǿͣѵһաض
õļŻջ˵Ŀȴûգ·ֻҪһԣͷҪء
ԶϹߵ޺ǰ
Ŀ£ضǣ֡

ԶЦݺһ뽩Ӳ
㲻ϲôض̧Ȼֻǽڲ̵֡
ڱɴٰۣ繫Ľ̵ɴۣ˽Եɴۡ
Զɫ䣬Ȼǡ
Ȼ䣬ʲôԶɫ䣬Űаָض
Ȼǡ
΢Цţ̧ᣬߡ
ɣ
ԶУȻˣضǰתָ
һϸţëɳ
Զëһ˵һԡ
棬Զڵϣɫֻһ㣬ҪѪˡ
Ϊɱңض΢Цʵ
˵΢ЦڳԶͬԡ
֤֤ڣԶƱ粻ˣضôҲ벻ָ֪ͨصġ
Ϻ츮˾ĩӣĸױһҩŮ׿Ϻǿռ㡣ϲɣĸױĥʮһŸСǺŮͬżȴԸĸһ˳ܡɱ˸ĸãװӳϣԡǡ뾩顣ʶŻӺ˻ˮ˼Ҫû̸֮
ضһһﶼᣬȻԶȴ亹ֱð
ŻǺʱǳԶ߳ģ
ɱһŻҲ֪֪ģ
ôôӵô
һָ䵽ϣԶۿȴ
Ѿû˴󵶣ضɢ˿Ƚĵв
κ˽Żʱڳ
ԶµʲôԽӲ
Ȼûʡ
ںκ˽»ԨĬ࣬ԨڵĿյӪҪɱҡɫƽȣֱ˵˴𰸣κ˵Ԩô
Զ𾪵ؿʧ
飬֪ٵһش
ɱңŻӻʲôԨĸǧ֮⣬Ҳ޳Īʮ壬δãҲһ⹬﹬⣬Ҫ
㡪ܱסӵǱԨ𣿡
̶Ƭ̣Զͷ
ɱضȻͷԷȣʲôûˡ
ض˵ЩҲôǰﻳɣΪһŮӣҲвܿľŻӡ
ˡ
ܳΪɿսѣͻΪΪµĵˡ
ѡ˾ŻӣҲѡΪķϣһΣĹ㡣´Ρ
Ц⻮ĲȻ֡
ҾͰϳϡЦô
һ߶ϣȻгԶٴУѹֵģǰ΢ЦŮӡ
ѿڣɳƵ
ס
ض

ֳĹ˷׷ÿ·ԶŲӲҽţһһȥ
ԶӰʧضջߣЦⲻ֪ʱʧ١
ոԶ֣Ÿɾزá
Χô
ֳ
ڱߵǰÿͬＸһһ߻ء
عΧѾڳ񡣡
Ϊ˵ֻթʳ㣬ԨһΧûƼǸְİ梡
ضջ¸ˬ֣վ
߰աȥӦûϵΪչھһơ

ȣ
մһҪƷڵأȻԷ˿ΧȺڷ󾪺
ƽӣ
ζύӵ˫ں͸ϵ۾Ӱ仯û
շ·һͷԵ޶ϣԼ˱Ū֮оϷŪԽǿҵķŭͷȥ
ҪɱëǴ˷ŻӣҲһҪɱ

մͷ
˫ۣĹҵļͷǲӲʯڻҫźˮ⡣
Ŭ£һԨҽڵϲһ˵ĺۼ
ٵڿ̨Ҫϱ±ߵϸһϡ
ҪԨ̨϶ϸ첲ˣض
Żǲˡ
Χ۵ĿзԭĲ׳򼤶غ˼绰
ͬþΪ͹ü绰󺰵
쿪ʤɱа
һΣԨҲ˰벽
պɣԽԽ£ȣһֱصԨԵЩڱˡ
ܵѹƣһˣȴԽԽˡ
Ԩ𴽽ǣʢ캮ǡ
ֻ
մŭһضɽҡŭסԨ˫ۣ͵ؽ˸߸߾
ȫȻ
ݵ
Сδü£ƶȻת
Ԩڿзһգ۱˫֡
պʹһţͦվϵ棬Сɽָ׳Ĳԭʿ͵سǰȥڵҳ춯һ첻˵ڴɰʯһ·ɲſͣ¡
ײϵ棬תͷԻ˵δعԺһСѾ
ӭģһǼӲȭͷ
һƤ󱳡
桭ôеϤ


81 
ضϿʱ, һͷѪ, ׳ͷ׳
ͷ֣һֻɫͷѥͲȥǲһƺʲôѵϵͷҽ
۾ǰ
ôˣ
̷ĳ֣˿
̾ʲôһɵ̷ͷһ, ֹͭɫɫ겻֪ʱȺ, վ
̷ü, ΪʲôûΧ
ϡԶü, ̵ȥΧʱҲûҰ
̷Ĭ, ѵˣ
ضȸһϲٵһ, 󣬲ſ۵ϻڲҽеͷһվе칦, ܹȱϯλǡ
Ԩͷһ
ˡ
֪֪
Ⱥ￴ֵҲæƿǰߵˣһļ, ض
ཱུһʿͷɺӣ
ض
ҲһڶȻ󲨡
㾹ӣ
𣿣
ԭĲһ, ˽ɫϲ, ּ衣
ۼ⼴Ϊ⽻ìܣس
ˡû˵ķ, һȥ
Ҳһ, 游, ˻ȺվȺֹԹ˵ʲôѽ
ͬؿһۣʲô˵ˣ˼ǶܵһʿǶܲɺĶӡ
ػɾȻིô
̷ⴹƳһۣ˵ɡ
ػšüë˵ӣ
̷⣺
С̧ȳĶӼһʿҴҵ·ҽֵصȥ
ܲסˣֻ°ӵһˣ˶˿ǡ
ٵ߸ضӣЦãպø޸Χھ佱ʱ򡣡
ִҲ
Żӻûأ
һģסӣһקסˣ
Ȼʹ̡
Ļͬؿ
ܣǸΡ
岻ʣⳡȻûм
A״ΧھŻӣԸӵڶˣȻҲû
˴ӿתƵӪأѾ׼÷ʢϯ칦ӼνΧǰʼ
Ŷ޴۽磬ҪʲôͣٵЦе
ս˳ԵʣϯĿյֻվŴ˴ΧĹھǾ
Ԩ룬ʲôԣ
̫׵ĲСٵۿƺ飬æΪһ仰ϲ
䡣˵
˵գ޿ǿٵЦ
ԨȻ
ʼбŶԷɴ۾
Ƽȵĳϴ˽
ضЦͣðõԤС
ӾԨ
ٵһ㶣ЦӾðҲʮˣԳȥˡȥǶ޸һط
ȥݡŰһ𡣡
һƽһף˶ɫ
ݺʹ˷ʧݵĽʮݽȥݾ͵Լй⸴ʮݵĺԸ˷˼ʮ궼ûոʮݣԨȥ˵ǳţ»ɼΣضһȥ
Ҳϼʶ㣬ҲŮСϢ˴ԼŮˣҪģԨȥ̣ʲô
ﶼԳ̣ʲôã
ѷǳˣ֣ԨǳˡҲؿԨΪԷ˼۷
ٵһֲ־ȡ
ȥݾȥݣΪҪŽ㣿
ҽɽˮ㣬ʺϰ
ҽ˭˵ģٵȻҽΪβ빬
̷վҾֵر£ҲżȻȫ档
ٵȤ޷˵˵
̷⹪ͷ˵һɽҽҽֻ߳شŹ֣ûֻ֮ˣ𡢵һŲȡ빬±ȵ컹ѡ
¡
µú
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һü´˴ԲӣŻӴȥΪҽôһȦͱɴսŽˣ
ۼҪٵ˫ѹٴκϡࣺ
˺ˡ̸֮Ҫʲôͣ
˿ŻӾôŪȥ
Ԩվ
Ⱥеضȴ΢Цڴƨ
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ɢϯԨһ˳
̸Ҫ裬յƿﵹ롣
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ƳһۣԽ˵ˮ뾻ֽ桭
δ䣬ԨѾÿ˳ȥ
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۰Ͱ͵ţضлҲ
Ϊ𵽽ãضȥ۾ǿԼ
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ضüҲӦնࣿѵԺҲӦ£㶼Ҫţ
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梣㿴ҡ
ضͷʼղȥ
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ϥϵ˫ֱں͸ϵ϶Уһһʹ
梡ʲôʱܲƫһأ
ض˫һ֪ȥ
ʲôʱƫˣڵ
ʲôʱ򶼡
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ضû˵꣬Ѿ˫֡
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ʲôʱ򶼡ɤԽɳƵ΢Ҿһʱ͵㶫С͵
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梣ʲôʱһأ
ض𲻳
ش
ڴʱĬǰѪȫ
ǿԼεķǱ֯Ͼߣ
Ȼ㣬ֵУ㡣
ֱ֣ص
ֻϰ߳ȻԺʲô鶼Լ˱˼ƣصĿǰһִСǣô᲻أ
΢Циɻᣬ˶ˣͿ۵ذ⡣
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ǲǷﺰšҵСǡֻҪ˿СͿ۵ذ׾ͻᴩ
ΪȡǻĹơ
Ůƭӡ
ΣյŮƭӡ
ɵϻ֮µŮƭӡ
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梵Σ梱˭Ҫ黹кܶ࣬ûʱ䣬ͷˡ­ѩָĺɫ˻䴩󡣡ôҲҪѸꡭ
ԺأɫȻ
Ԩһץ֣ģ֮󣬺һͻָߡ
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У͵üȻšһ𡣡㲻²񻯣ҩҽͺ񡪡֪жһ
ԨͦοһСɽ㵵ضͶӰ
Ըµʱɰ˿֮ģˣŭˣбް㱩ŭ׹ʶס˺
õĳĬԨһ˲ǰצ±ѱСǡ
ָ֣
梡ˣҾ͹رջѧȡɱкйصˡ
ңضŭĿԲ
Ҹҡ
ԽԽ˫Լ
ҰɱˣµǧС
ϧһ໰ֱˡ
ضһ˿Сɽ
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ˡ
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ضǳδ壬κͬʱӿͷӵ档
֪𣬵϶Լ̹ηĽףиɻ棬һҲڲ֪ʧˡ
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ҪģҶ㡣˵ɺɽԼЪһһأô
ضĬá
ԭϵҹ죬ҡҷؿ۾һ
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ҡա

Ԩÿ߳ⷱ죬ҹ
ĵƹⴵˣںһƬ̲֪ʲôط˳һ
£ҹˣ˴˶ӣЪϢɡ
ٴιèڡ
ԨȻվûǰվһᣬѹֵĿ
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ˣ˯ա
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ģģ΢ģѹֹĿУƺüͷڱСԵģ
ԶῼǵǷ񳳵ͬݵḶ̌ΪξͲܿǵڰգ־ճѪģ
ôĳۣҲ΢Ц
Ѫ¹飬ݣΨÿһԣÿһβ԰ɫ
ŮƭӻѻƪҲûϵԸⱻƭһӡһӡ
һӡ
ԨվУҲ˱ֱöһŲ뿪
صڣƣȴϽ֮һʱһİֽš
ֽѰǲƷţëض鷿ҲƷǷŵ˵ĳǧ߼ۡ
ƮɻƵֽУֻж̶֡
ӡ

Ѻ˸ľž졣
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ԨӰ󣬻ƴҰޡĿɨѱΧƵˣ
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뻮һصϥ£ͷ
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ٲܱ˶Ŀڣ¾ܿǵˡ
𣿡
ȥǣƥ׳ĺɫȴͻȻһ
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ãȻؿ¶𾪵ͬ飬ԼѪͷʬ塣
ɫȻܾ˻еͬʱһŲµͷ­
ƽĲԭȻѪɫս
һܵĺ˱һºһ浹ɱ
ֳѾƿڣѪȮ᫵ƿ£һһΣȾ̵ĲҶ
ԨƵڲݵϵһˡ
µΨһһڣųѪ˫ۣĴƺѪ˫Ҫʧȥ۾ȵ޺Ϳ־ֱĺֹͣȻֺ־ص
Ԩɿ֣Ȼůʬڵء
Ϊһ˵ƴȴˣԼ
ǲҪΪʲôܼͷϣ
Ϊʲô涼ܰ꣬İ梲ܣ
޴˺ҹĻһҡضըңԶߡ
ҹ磬վں嫹ؼ䣬ɽ纣Ĭ
صƱ׵İ梣Ԩعڼʬһᣬմͷʬ·вУҵһС޿̻ƵĳľС
СС뻳У뿪Ƭԭ
뿪úһȺ̵Ұ֣߳Χ۲ԭɢʬ
һкۼڽҹ֮ɢ


82 
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Ұ׵˺ư񷣬Ӫ硣
һֻˮÿˣʪ͸߽ڡ
޺ЪϢĽ̾ѹ, Ԩǰ, зɿһ˿ȡ
š
һ, ֹ֮Ļ
齣һֽɡӭŷ
δ𣬵δ
δӲͦļԵ䣬ȵϵ걻ůĻ迾ȣŲżӴϵӰȥ
˯òȡ
ʱ, ӲüӲΪѣƺһоաз, ֻ˯, ¶һ˿ߡ
ϣ˶Ϊܣڡ
֪, ֻһˡ
һۣʹãҲ᲻ķˡ
ܵļǿ¶һ˿, ߵѩ覵վ̳, ׷, ɶ׷׷
ϣֵۣʹãͲ
ϣֻΪֻССھꡣ
梡
ڴߣҪ֣ȴջء
ʲôʱŻң

ضһΡ
ժǹǰԺǿþ޴ޱȵ֦ͷϣЦŶͷСк˵
㿴һ㶼ѡ
ô
ΣΪδĴůҶҡҷɳɳ
ΣΪǵСкں͸ϵīɢͷһ˿û˯ѵľ
֧ξ϶ʧң֪ѡ
˭ǰôû㣿
㣬ʲô
㻹ǲ˵
ʲôʱԸ˵أ
СưͣСưͣΪʲô͵ֲ˵
㲻˵Ǿ˵ˣ
Сư֪ͣ˷Ȼ׳ȥĵطԭ
̫ƽ񰲣ȥԭϹ޾ڵ
ʱ죬Ҫ컪ѧ·ͨԭٴһͨݡ㲻ҲܳʳƷƣ±
Сưͣ㶮ˣҪвȱԱҪΪϥԼֻҪ鲻ʼˡ
СưͣΪ˲ˣҰա
Ƶ˴գع֮С
ֹסطȵºӴ̹ǵĺĹǷ죬䣬ۡ
䣬˵Ҳָ
ôŬ۾ǰȻֻлĺڡ
ϡڰ˳ɡ
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հ˺˺ڰ˭ڱǰУŲ
ô
Ϊˮ飿
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ۿ˭Ƥǧô̧Ҳ̧
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пڴߵ˯ӳʪڷ䣬ü˯նǿʡ
һ͵ۡ
ѪڴѸڻ
´ǰ¡
˫ۣƺĨϣ̵Ѥĳ͸Ĺ֭
͵һ磬һףôضΪֹ
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梱¡ڡ
Ҳ¡ս֣˵Һ˸Ρ
ǸʲôΣ
Ҳǵˡ˵ǸΡ
Ϊůĺۼ
ֻǲ֪ΪΣЩѹ
梡㻹ǵ𣿡
ţ
˵Ҫȥ⡣
ţ˵ЦߵʱҪһȥ⡣
ȥôؿں͸ϵҹɫ΢΢ֻҪһƥǵڶվܳԭ˭ҲʶǣʲôҾʲôҽ㿴ճ䡭
Ԩؿ梻ߡ
˵ˡ
СˣķҲͣˡ
ԽԽϸ갧
Ϊʲôǵ㣿ʡ
Ϊҿԡ
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һԶ
Ҫ˶ãĳͻ˺ƵûҲûĵʹȥֻ֣Ҫȼգȼա
Ϊԡ
ΪҽΪ
áڿڣߵʱ򡭡һߡ

ͣˡ
Ԩȥʱûκ˷֣һߣ̱Ļ
ض˯⣬ԡ¡
շݵҩضһڣ֪ΪЩļ¡
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ûѽ̾ȵ
ֺһڣƽƺûʲô
Ǵɡͷһֿɬҩ
ͣΧ
ضͷԲһȥʵ簲ٵۼѪɫϲһ˵ҪΪԺʹ
ڴ˴Լʱٵۺ峺գڻҲ̫ϧˡ
ҺԨǣԽ̵ԨҲ
̰ԸȥһᣬѡľƺɫСĸԨĺɫִǰ
ƥıԨһ㣬Щϡ
ɫִûһĸͿʼ˷ܵǰٵأڱͼںʹҲãɫǣסСĸǱߴա
ۼǾҪסĹˣȴͻȻ
ڱۼ⣬һƼԨ
ū澸Ż밲
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ڴĿɫЩ԰ףΨ˫ӣһ
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Ԩ˫һУںڿոֻӾ
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Ԩһᣬ𴽽ǣ
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˯һҹĲԭӽɫѣһֻչƵУżһ΢紵ԭɫ˻Զӿȥ
ضСĸϣץϵķ֣Ƚǡ
Сĸ߳һͷںڿⲽһߣʱʱչ֪⣬Сĸײ
ԨҲڿײء
Ҫ械ա˵
һۣԥ

ֱ׳ضΪԼʲôҪ
ͱײҡü
ĵбײ
ҾͰĸס
梣Ҵˡϵ
ɿȭͷһ˳
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Ԩû׷ʣǰããԭȻ½Сĸϵض˹
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شѾֲҸ£ᵽԼ˵ĺɫϡ
ݣ
ɳۣǡ
紵ţȻڰȫ򣬳׵ķؿ
梣ŷӿĲԭеĻ𣡡
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Զ͸Զֻããԭܹ͵ǶԻģֻůպͷɳ
¶ǻеֱ
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Ԩֱͦϰ쾡ͷ
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סͩͲҪ˵

ߵʲôطˣضΪתƻ⣬׳µ⣺㻹ҵõȥ·ô
ͷȥԼʵʵ̫бҪˡ
ȫ޾ԭﶼûСǲ̫Զˣ
ҲͲȥˡȥȻ
ضһۣÿøԶո̽ͷԨһѽ˻
ҵõİɡ
ȡ
梡Ȼ
ţ
ﻹš
ضһԭɵ״̬Ѹת䡣
̶Ƭ̣а仰˼顣
ҹдŸҡ˶٣û˵ǻɺŮˣҸһȥ
ժǹָܳ»࣬ɺǰйϵͲϣɾȻ˵ЩӵΪۣʵԤˡ
Ҫȥô
ȥ°͸ϣ˵һȥ
ضȻʧЦȥ̫ӣȥʲô
ȥ̫Ů
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˵ʲô
̹η
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83 
Ǹĳ
Ұʷ˵Ǵߵ¥, Ҳ˵߸ߵĻģģԼдʷ˵ԡ֮
˵һ˵硵⡣
ܹȷǣֻͥ, ƳлᴫͳΪԭ, ֻȨֻһʮһͱ˷ȡǸʳ
֮ʢڿƼ
Ϊһ, һֻڻȾϣڿб¶Ȼ
ƳΪȻֻо˵ķ̸ٲ֪
»Ϊ, ҰʷżʣʷҲмѭ
ʷķ, ƫáʥ顱ԭ⣬ø»Ҳٲ˹ϵ
еļ¼»಻ǵľҩһ͸֧Եġҩʹø»˲ǡáǿˣǿˡ
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ڶʱ弫ޣȻ⣬ȫ
Aض飬ԴմԨе֪źϴĵһ¾ǰǰµ˿ţǽ̶ǰһҳһࡣ
ԽԽȥڻҪ˺ŲܳԷˡ̾
ţҵţⲻãͷҲ̧
Զ״ŻӽҲûء
ȥضƺ⡣
̲ٶԡιһС࣬ſ߳
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ڱҿûһСǧ֡飿ض

ڱߵǰһᣬһƵСӣⱾи֣ǲҪҵ飿
ضһۣţɡ

ڱæ˹˫ֳСӡ
ɫ˲١ڱ
ضԣȡһƴͭƣô
УȻСڱЦǰɫѩףҲѪɫأūǰ˵ԺʹǸûõӹҽ٣ǲã
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ǰһ齵ʱӷˣ־ﲻԣʼղǸζ
һ飬ÿȱôһ˼
ڱС
ڣضƿϵĶȥ

Ӫڶ࣬һѣһѣԨ񱻰ھضԶı档
ȥʱһغĹ˶ûС
ͶߣڱæŻӲϲ˶࣬һǲҪźġ
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....


84 
ŻӲϢ, ̷Χŷת̽
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ֻҪڹЩ, ʲôⶼ̷ƳһۣºԶǵ, ΪûڵԽԽͷ
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ۼŻӵѾǰ̷ؿһ, 
ˡܺ죬ǰҪ˵ġ
֪ˡ̷ùáϳ
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ֻԨһ, ڴϣö۾һ, ̷˻ȥ
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ɫõúֱܰڿ, ѿڶ, õԨһۡ
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Ƿ纮ȷûд󰭡̷ҺһֻϲΣѽŵСˡ±壬ջعΧ
֪ˡԨĲɣһֱǰ
̷⿴ڵˣҪԸǣС̺ȻͨŻӣˡ
˵ʱ٣ʱ졣
Ԩͨһ˴ַɿ첦ͷۣüġ
̷ĿɿڴȻۡ
Ŀɨ䴲ǰˣߣ
̷Ŀ࣬ڡ㡭һ񣬿첽߳
⣬ǿ˸պߵǰ񾩳
ضˣ¶ЦݣҲ̽Ԩ
̷һ
ض񡣡ضЦҴ˺Ӹ³߰ա
˵ãһԵ̷Ҿ֣ݺݸһӡ
л⣬ֻǶ˻Լԣ㲻߶ˡ
̷˵꣬һĲʣ鲻Ըˡ
ضӽʳУÿ˽ȥ
Ԩ
Ԩڴϣһ۳
ˣҴ˺ӸЩɡض
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ģԨ̧ۣЩȤ
ָӵġض׶ݸԨȥüιҡ
ضʹġ
˭Сأ
ضιһףһףȻ֮ǰýιʱ򣺷ˮȻתǰ͵Ժ󶼻ỹġ
֮춼ˣضΪտԨѹҲᵽ
գһչ꣬һ߶飬ҲͷˡȻԨĲȴʼղãϹپ˼ηӣɫۿɼز԰ȥ
֮෴ض״̬ԽԽˡ
ۼAѾһ룬ԨΧմͷһֱಡ齣ضùŹ֣һùźҪԺʹ°
Ԩšüá
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岻ʵԵʣԨԽϲŭ˳ʱһжãһв˳ĵطͱñŭ
ߵ£һַļ磬ģӵԨǲŰ梣
ûСӲ
ǾϹҽºɡ
ĬĬˡ
ϹپҩÿԨá
Żӳͷη֢״
ûС
ŻӡտܹˣŻѪкѪ
ûСԨת
ϹپײĿ⣬ͷȥ
ְܡֻٻһԡ
ض΢Ļ۵ףϲɫ
ϹپСҩǣضڣڱϹҽ
Ϲپһ㶣ҪܣڱѾÿЦݵϹٴˣɡ
Ϲپ촽ҩ߳
ϡ٣ԶĿ֮Ĺ˶ڷæԼ¡
ϹٴˣŻӵõǷ纮𣿡ڱЦе
Ϲپһڱγԣ
αҪū澣
ڱԲԲЦϹپеһ⣬Ĭú󣬿ڵ
ڱ·ҹֻǾŻɫʾټȷʵ֣ҲްգԲš
˵ģȻֻҪʵ˵һΪ˿Ѽ䡣
ϹپɨΧȷ˺󣬿ڱ䡣
򳤹һϹپֵ
ڱ˵ɫ䡣
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ΪŻѳ簴йܵʧѪ֤֤֮֮Ȼְѯʵ޿Ѫк֢״¶Ȼ񶨡ְҲֻܰյԿֹѪķӡǣʧѪԭ򲻾ҵǳٶҩҲ޼°
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ڱЦȥɣء
СһЦȥˡ
Ϲҽ˵ʲôˣǰĽʡ
͡ڱȻعһۣûʣʲô
ƲƲ죬Ҫ˵ضÿ˳
̣šڱŻ棬ȥһˡ
̺ڱӦһ
ضӪغȥڱԵظ
ȵ߳һξڵ˵ɡ
ڱæ񣬽ϹپĻת
ضüھŻ߷̵࣬ѵûзʲô쳣
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㻹ǵþôضʡ
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ڱһ㶣ɫضѾ֪𰸣ֵʲô
Ϲҽū˵ʲôڱūʲôҲû˵
ضӦɫ
ۼӪרΪұ˵ŷͿ쵽ˣڱ̲סѵɽĻ졭
ڡضޱ飬һʲôҡ
ǡҪҪūȥ̽һڱ̽
ءẦҡģٿաض

ڱͣ½ŲضԽŷ
ŷ˼ض֣ѯˣˮ
ˮ𽥱ϸݣض˼ɻҹԨĲʵȷǴҹ֮ʼġʲôɵ£ΪϹپʵ棿
ˮˣڵˮ˿̷ӵ˼
ضһƮŴлϸ߻ʱԼĸ첲ſڴϣһִֻ´齣һȵðӡ
Ѵŵľϣںľ磬ܸоһֱƶ
档
ιҡ
׽ضԼǰãɵ˵
̬ȼԨĥĥ˴
עĲûлΣߵüڱƽһ
ߵǰȥǰ
ſ졣
ضľƸһҿ
šüͷ˵ιҡ
ֻǽԡضԼһڣʣµι㡣
Щ΢˵ĳѹ˿Ԩһû˵治ɫ֪һͼ
һڣҾι㡣˵һ飬Ŀⶨϡ
ڶ˶첲̵ľ硣
ضЩȻƣľһ꾢˳ߦ棬Ӳȥ
һľ绬ߣˮϡ
ضĬһΰľ˼Σǲʹһ΢΢ţһʼ⣬ɫԽԽ
ٴߣһش룬η͹
Ԩ͵رһӣڵһƬðһء
Ŀⶢǽĵ棬촽ظš
ڱͽ̼æʣǰһĻ˲Լͬסˡ
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ռǺ˿ӲʯͷȥȻŭδ
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ضߵǰǿԼ
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ضĿתؿᶨηĿѾش⡣
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Ϊҹ㡣
ңȻЦһǶǰֹ𣿡
ضü
ԨܲԾ
ֻˡԽ߻شɵˡ梣˯ᡣ
ضڴǰվһᣬҲֻ޿κȥ
תҲתıӰһֱ߳
һᣬɨڱÿˡ
ŻӣԸū澽ɨء
ϵ걳һ
ڱ̾˿ԹԵɨ
ض߳ûԶͼ˵·ߵʮӣɫ糣ȴһۿеֻ
ܼܵ梡ʮӳҾֵ
ضͣ½Ų΢Цʮڵˣ
ȵǰ梡ʮӵܷܵһƽԭüãȥ֪ھŸ紦㲻ˡֻû뵽
¶ģһʵӵˤû°ɣ
£ֻһ²⡣ضЦ
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ҵ㿴ôΪʲôǲң
ʮ̾˿ڰУ˵ʲôʲôǴġǣΪʲô룬ûЩⷢԭҲǹеľŻӣĵģҲҡ׽梣ΪԭҾ͸׽梡
ǼʾŻӣΪҵĶϧض￴һۣ˵ңܵð械أȻϲʤ梽Ҿᶥײ԰梶֡
ضЦų֡
ʮ¶飬ϴչͷȥЩԨһԴֽѱµı
鲻Ըǰʣµһضһ粽ˡ
ʮӿŽߵ¶ɫ
˵һ㡣ض΢ЦǾŻӣҲһġ
ʮٿʧȥѪɫ촽ҧһ
ضȭͷһ÷絭΢Ц
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ضصԼһǰ顣
ȻһͲķ뱻򷭵
ضôҲ벻Լʲô
ѰˣΪΪξβ
˵ͨ͸Ź졣
ǰҹյȴʼû
ض̾˿òԼĿ顣ϴ󣬴ϴ
̴ŵ߳ʣض۾üͷ
ҹ׷ʲô
š
Ԩᡭ

á
ʯ䣬ضһͷԨͻȻת֮䣬ʲôϵô
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ʧˡ
Ȼһ΢ŲضţΪҹѲߵֱŲǰͣ£ţһӰ
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Ԩڻ谵ĹУŲߵߣߺضֲײźƺ˿˶
ڴǰҵ֣˦һ̽ˣĿ⣬Ҳ±ܾС
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ض۾˵ʵʲôطˡ
ĬһᣬĬĬ⿪½¶µһ˺ۡ
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Ұݣǹ
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´βˡ˵ϾҪ˵һϳɲô죿
á
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ɱɱɱվ֪ɱһ£˵ôûͶ̥ɱ
Ҳü˵ҵɱ㣬ҪʲôҾȥ񡣡
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һûһ˵ŻŹţȻ̿һ
̧ͷֱؿеһֽ˿𵽶
ůҫŮӺϣҡҷӰ˵۾ԣǡ
뵽ʲôʡ
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㲻ǵá
ĿתؿϴͰЦգĬĬ
㻹ǵã˵Զ˵Զ


85 
㵱濴Ż첻ӳڳ
ʮ뿪α, ۵
ǰССū澿, Żӳ뿪˶һҹֱŻ뿪, Ů̲Źػ񡣡
֪, ȥɡʮӶ˶٣²š

С뿪, ʮӵĸ߹, ϲ£ǰѴͱ£ŻӺͳһƤ
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ǵ롭
⹥, ǾơʮЦջδȥĸ밲, ߰ա
»ʺǰһʰʮԶԶվһ, ɺ˶Զ, ŴӰ߳, »ʺĹŮͨ
һ, »ʺĸŮ´ÿţЦ
ɡ
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⺢ӣ˵˶ٴˣճô⡣»ʺ²յЦա
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ǺλȽһĸҺĸк죿»ʺЦ
ĸڶУǶӵĸˡĸο飬߳ɥĸıʹʮӳӱΪܳΪĶӣĸߣ˭롭ǶӸÿ밲Ҳˡ
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ضŽŪĻȻԨڿյģһƿȥɡ
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վһȺϷ֮ЦĬĬ˵
΢Цӣü˼ӣڴͿȵӣӣӡĶռأ
梡ܲܶٺһ㣿
죬
һ˫ֱ壬˭ڽ˵
±˭ģ콶úöԵµġ
ϵˣ˼ҹغϡ
OO@@۱ȫ⿪˵Цգȥʱ򣬱Ϊֺʹ࣬һ˿ʴз
ԨĲӣһҽжһصˡ
Ҳ䣿
һŽʬ´齣Ϊܶһڴϣؿڴȵš
梡
㡭
Ԩ
һȷĺҹɫΪԼԻþ֮󣬻ҲˡȻ˿ңƶôܹ֯һλõĻþ
ؿųǰһգۣʧ
梡
梡֪֪
֪֪
ջǵвеĵضֻʬͣƬĿ⣬ߵ
Ԩôˣ
Ŀɢսֿ֮ʱΪͨ죬ضϵ¶ȣ־ͱ߬סˡ
梡
ҡ
ض
ҡ
䣬ͱԨ˻
ˣˡ
ߵĵطй졣
ôˡ


86 
Ӫرյͨ, Ӱһ֮ҡҷ
ɫ׳վԼǰ, һӽٽ衰̿͡Ϊ, ĵҷ
ʮ, ҪҪȥɸȥ
ûõġ׳Ｗ
ʲôã
һû, ûʥ졣ɡһռĸλõļߣ׵ϧһλĸףȻҲ޸ƼĹŮȻ, غ
йӵġ
ʮ, ͻȻ, Ҳٱ˼¸´, ǰ;ܳΪ, ͻ, һССָ¶˴, Ķõǣ
λ³
Ǹ޸Ұֵʱ¹۸, Ů۸˲ܳ, ֲǿƵĻ, Ż, ߹ӼߵǸˡûӿ
ûȨˣ
ܲűǰֻб˲ڽ£
ô죿ΪԱ˱ϥūĹǣΪ£ʺߵ컣ɫ˯ǸʮŮˣ
õˣܳˣʹĹǽôôߣôŬҲΪ˵ӣ
ѵһӣֻΨΨŵŵСɫ
һӽ̣һƬǽͷ֮˶ʮӵǰȫģɡѲже¡
׳ȭͷ΢Ц޷ҲǵѴ
ƣһЩ˼ú
߽һƬǽɫѿ
¡
ĸ˸ոտڣͱŭȥ
˲Ҷԣæ˳
صסߵķ磬ҲסߵĹ⡣
׳վںڰУ鱩壬߬ȭͷѾľ
һûõɣһĻʺ󣬻ʲôʲô
ડ
㱼䣬оż߷һӲһɫĿͣᵹİǰɫĿᵫųĸСʱְֵؽ
˹ȥůľеĴоĸ»档
ЦȻ档
ǰûõɣĻʺ󣬻һڵصĸ
Ϊδ
غɫĿϵ棬һ鿪ˣһͰ͵ֽŹ˳
׳ֽۣţչ󣬿һвִд£ּæĹŹ֡üţߵηûϳʲô
Ҫ˽ϣȻʲôתߵǰճ¼ͬλõ֡
֣ܳĸ˱ϡ
⡭˿һᣬüūǺ֣ūûѧģҲʶ˵ʲô
ˣȥɡ
ĸһ뿪׳ӵµóˡǧ֡Σȶԡ
ĸֻ֮ŮѪϴֲ֧е֧ͥδѪϴһõĽҲǼ޸֮Ĵ̫̫
Ҫ˵һ¹ʲô£һã͵컻գһǰѪͽ˻ʹ
Լʲô
˸⽫˷ܵıյøΪŤƴŷֽϵϢڣƴ˵һ䣺
㣬ҵĶӡ

ڵƻͨһͰһͰˮͽ
컵ʬѾ̧ȥˣ˷ɣд̻壬ҲҪʬ٣ǰΪ绨ʱҲ̶á
Ļ֣Ԩǰ׾ƾ̫֣鲻ҩ˭ҲˣĻֲŻ޿֡һ벻βȴûйףض鲻˭Ԩıϣȴܲ˭ٵٰ˪ҹ˼
ȥءչˡ׳ĽȻĻ׳Ѿʮܣô£ԺҪܵӻš
ΪԨϹپɫŹ֣ջָԨϵ·
Ҫ¡
һֻֽĿֱϻʹ
Ϲپ麹԰׵ɫֹ¡
ͱ졣
ԨȻȴ޾˫̲صɱ⣬Ϲپεر졣
ôˣ
ض߻شߣ£Ԩץס֡
Ϲپδҩڲ˼磽⼸رˡ
ԭδ乫ǰ˵磽⡱֣ضĸܾͲѰδ乫عѾ˵˲ǡĻ
ضķӦȷѰδ鹫ͬƽ飬;Żһ֣ϹپԽ
˵£֪Խ࣬Խûк³
΢һ񣬵ǹû£ְȥˡ
ȥաض
Ϲپҩߵǰ̲סͷһۡ
Żڳϣ˵ʲôḧͷɫᡣ
ϹپٿҴ߳
̰ˮľͰְһڵ߹׼ˡ
ԨԡҪ˷̣ҲҪض뿪˶ȥضߵ米棬Ѿ뿪£ס֣˵Լ
ضЦЦãԼ
ľͰض߳硣
OO@@µı׾ͻ
һᣬﴫˮ
ɳƵ梡𣿡
ضӦһס֡
̵þˣضԼ¸¡
Ԩоôˣ
ҡû¡˵ô
ʲô
Сʱ¡
米ԽԽɳƣҲü١
ض̵֣ҲǵСʱˡ簢梸㽲һ°ɡ
ֻˮƿ
һ˵СŮĸױΪıĳ͢٣ȴ̰ܻʹϽ·һӱ̷ΪвͶ·֮Ծĸ׾߼вʧ游ֻСŮǴ󲮣Ǿ˾ˣСŮȥ˭ҲԸɽСŮֻͯ꣬и֮һĿ⡢˽áСʯӡ
𣿡
֪ú˭˭ҲޡֻǺܺ棬ȨǿĶܹʹһĿȫǣײϡŢǰȥҪһվͬλã᲻ȥͬѡ񡣡
ôˣ
ضЦҲ֪ûнβҲˣҲû䡣
梡ô
ˮͣˣɳƶ
Ȼûлش
ս֣ǸСŮ䡣
Ϊʲô
ΪˣΪԼһܱˡͲ䡣˵䡭梲䣬Ҳ䡣
Ĭ˵
ѹĵĳأ¶ʧеǰδеɣ·ʧһ㡣ĳɬڣͣϸ
ƮƮȻĶͬԼȥпףѺ޷Ĳ͵˱
ضعˣ͵س֡
ȥ
ԽԽͣҵ⡭䡣


87 
ʮһ, ԭԽԽ䣬˶Ե󳼽ϡ, ǿʼ̸ؾˡ
ʮ, ׳Ŷ겻ᡣ
Ҫţ˭أ
ΪĲ, 뿪ʺ, ŷԼЯҲˡ, Ӧʱαߵ䡣
תͷ߻, δü, ˵ƮĶ䣺
ʮ飬ˡҲáʮûиźƷ, Ϊˡ̫ƽض, Ҳãͷ̫ƽա޵ĶӶûϣ̫ƽ
ʣµģ׳ȥˣ׻, Ժ
ˡɫ԰ףǰ̫˵, شҴ뿪ˡ
ߴȫÿ˳, ҿ˿, ĿڿŵС̫ϣôһˣСɽأ
ڹټո, СɽӽˡС̫æش
šո𣿡ߴȫʡ
ʮߵǰˡ
֪ˣĲ¡
ߴȫصڣʵʮ顣
ٵ̾˿ԼˣҲ޷ҲҪ֪
ٵ׵һʮӻ±¿ĵġ
岻ҲνûĴޣҲֻ֡ٵ۵ܰ޵ĶҲ޼ͷһˡ
ֺ񾩳ʲôϵһ
ǰգ밲ʱʮķһ¡޵Ů޻˽⣿òޣʮͣƷȸۺ졣۳ʮǵЩĸɣҪҲǹġô˵ʮʲôطѨŮź˵ʵȻ
һֺǺǵٵۣʮӲͣ΢ô»ܸˣ
Ǹ˶ˡ޻ûƹء
ٵ۴ֱһϸϸĴǩ̴пĶѣһʺ֭Һ
ô޵Ķӣ̫ƽķţҲ޵һƬġϣܺΪ̫֮ƽա


׳ոõֱһƬǽ塣
ˤˤĶȻûܶеŭ
̫ƽ
ʮӣȫΪʲôֵǿ
ʿҲ
ΪǹŮĺӣֲԸӹŮƤģΪʲô˲
ȵԼˤ꣬׳ű侲
òײųΪãܽΪƽһ
˭ٵ۸ıأ˭ܹ֧ʹöʮǰߵߡδΪθƫƫʧõӣ
˴ǻԨı𣿲ԣԨҪֶξػءѵض
ûض˵ʣɶ֡װһģȴڱˮ㡢䡣
ֻǸԨ˸ŮˣҪøʷ
ǰΪֻǸѰŮˡһץһѵŮˣĴɴ£ŮˡףһжǼһɫʰ쵵Ķߡ
׳Ȼ
룬һߵĶߣԴܣѱĶߣ
׳óķֽãɫ䣬¶ġ
պٵΧ岻ʣڿǡ
ͬû³ĻӻĥȵԼǰոܡɱľŻԨ
Ԩ³׳ӽʣµض
ûɣʮȥȰ˵ʸı⣿
ضŶԷ⣬Ц
ûСǴ⡣׳
ضǺòһΧͼӽ´ŻķС
Ƭ̣ڳڻεĻᡣԶѻ鹫һ̸Ӣˡ
׳Ҿֵ֮ǰе梺ڵܸܵⲻǵķϣԭһء
̸ϡضʮΪΪһ㣿
ⲻǰǻݵĺ
ضӹ̵ʪֽ߲ʮָ̧ĵۡ
ʮܸʲô
梲Ǻˮôܰ⵹һ塣
ֽѾյֻʣڻң罥غڽɫ̿УƮһɵī㡣
ضЦһΪʮܺĸͬĸأԭֻҵĴô
׳ﰵķ̣۾һһٵϺͷ̫ӹ췴֤ݡ
һԶļλ̸֪ʲôһЦضʮȴһƬ¡
׳ǱĳΣﶢƵģ󱳺Ȼһ
ʮԼ˵ʲôô
ض̧ͷڳͶһۡ
׳׳ŵӵ֤ݣµ켺Һ޺
ʮֻƾһ仰㣿
׳һóһֻаصֽչ
һŷƷֽĺһţ鼱֮´Ҵд¡
׳ķӦ۵ϵúġ
ѧض֪ʶ
̶Ƭ̣ѾֽϵȫɨȻбľϢȴһʱܹܵġ
ڿֽϺʱ׳һѽֽС
Σڿô
£˭ڽкã˭˻УضѾûȥע
ܹ׳һˣڸոգΪĺɿЦܻȥƵġ
ˣҪûһ˵ȥһ
ӻߣ¾䣬Խ֤ݡ
ûƷʲôþС
׳Ӧ¶ʤȯյЦݡ
梣ҺɡԴҶáЦ
£ԨӹΧһѼϲżʸĴ㡣
ںɫⲽһֱſϺʮվһض
£Ҫô㿴ô·Ĵˣ˹һϧգϧϧ֪ʲôʱŻһɹɵ񡭡ҴӦ˷͵Ķ棬ôźã
Ҫ㲻Լȥŵ´ʲô޵ķݣ̷Ҳ˹
Сĸػߺߵ˦ȥƨɣӣڱǰ棡
֣Ԩ˼ȴֻڿϡ
ˡ
˾ȱ飬һУ£
ԨŴϿǺضʮֹͣ˽̸ɵǣض¶Ȼ飬ƺĲʱߵʮӷ¶ӭЦݣŲĶ⡣
ŸãҸո밢һ¹ѾͬˣŸҲһɣ
Ԩضͬˣ
ʮ޿ֵЦضڣǡ
ֻҺͰ梿ЩģŸվˣоŸڳһضġ梣˵ôٴοض
šض˵ԨҲȥա
áʮЦԽá
梺ԺкܶദأǰĲ죬㶼˰ɡԸ梵ĺõܵܣҲϣζҲܳΪܵܵĺð梡
һ˵꣬ԨһЦȻ¿ǡ
˵ʲôԨ
֣ߵǰæ½ûлش⡣
ؿջֺҲ̧ۿ
£ɫЩ԰ףδظԪü˷ػҵĿк˵Ӣͦ˫ں͸ϵôû뵽
ôû뵽
ʲôʣĿ͸һ˿⡣
Ԩúÿ
ÿ˵
ضЦˡ
ôܹ뵽Ƿ̫ӺͺĩĶӣ

ΧضصԺȻǷŵݡ
ʲô
Ԩߵ󣬿µ֡
ûʲôдġ
ضش֮Żع
ϵúģ
Ԩһۣ߻¡
ϵá̹һ㡣
̹ʣ
˵£ҳӡ
Ƿ̫䣬£ˣ˷ʵ۵֡
˵
ضüԣ˷¡
ޱ飬Ҳ֪ĻȥûСʣλҳӡô˵ô룿
˵ġ
ضʣô룿
ô롣üȻ⣺Ǻö
ضѾͷȥԼдǸˣȻʣԼǺˣǴ˷ˣ
ǰ̬һضҲ̸⡣
֪Լðèأ֪ԼǺ˻Ǵ˷ˣ
뵽̬Ȼ˵Ǵ˷Ĺ
ǸʲҪˡ
ԶǴ˷Ĺ
Ԩ˵ˣ¼оǷϡ
Ȼģôһ֮ӡװϹǼ٣һ֪ӡȻǷ̫ӵģдŵȴǺĩʵСֹд֮û˵ѡ
һȵţʱ̫Ѿ췴ʧܣսǺӱߣ˷ɣļҾ춼һ٣ֹĸ֮˽ոճӤһúд͵ţ͸˷ڵĻɡ
ס˵
һϣű췴һǷ̫Ӻ¶˺ı̫ʧ;ڵϵķһ
ԨűöӾķ̫ѪһǰҵѪ
û⣬ҲǺҽһλϵˡ
һ¶˷˻뽫֮죬ҪٺҵǰҲ뷽跨ʱԵСû㹻ĴĿĵб
˽Ļҵˡڱ߽ڣ
ϵԨ̧Ƥ
ضع
һᣬһϹŮнվضǰ
˵ԺĻ˽⣿ضʡ
ϹŮ̧ͷηηعĻūĵǺˡū˵Ժ֪̫࣬һЩƽ飬֪һ㡭
ĻѪͥʱǽͥһ۵ĳ衣
ԱضѼֲ֡ʣ֪ϫūͷ޵˼ô
ǚϫūͷޣϹŮú˵һʡضͷūСʱ񻰹¡⚳ϫūͷޣ֡
˵ض
ڴԨҲϹŮ
ϫūǴŮ˵ػߣԴͷӵ޵ǻۺʴȣµһĺ˲ָΪعɫɡÿͿ̿ϫūͻή¶ػ
ǻһֶԴͷ֮ݲֻеѪĺŻ뿪˼䷵ϡΨһܹ޻صֻдŮϫūڷĳ·ʱϫūһ䴩˷޳ࡣ֮󣬷޾ʧȥˡ䣬ƻа񡣡
ϹŮһ
ūֻ֪ôˡ
κضڵڱȥ͡
ڱϹŮ뿪󣬺һᣬڶû˵
һʱ˵ļ˼ž
Ԩڿڣ
ôңΪʲôɱң


88 
ڶ, Χꡣ
ڻյ, ɵĻϴ, Ʈ˿˿硣
ʮһͲ, ʩʩȻضԨ̴޺
º, ضͶ, Ц, ܵûеõ, Ŵ, ܵܿǲ
ʮȻá
Ǿͺá梲, ܵܶϲʮ, ضǰ, ڵΪβǽҲл, ˡ˵պ, ͵̸ܵһ֣ܵܡ
ض, ʮܵҪʲôֱ˵˰ա
ʮЦһ, ²ɫȥ
ΪʲôͲǣܵҪ׽ֲ֮ǰʱأ
ضȵҾ֪ǻдʱ䡣
ʮɫԽµ, 梻̻Ǹô
ʮԡضת䡣
Եǰ梲Ŷ, Ϊڻ̻һô֣ʮɫֻΪô
ض޲, ʮ˵ԽˡܼܵȻŲߣ绹˵Щİա
ʮڿϵ֣ɫתࡣ
ʱҩ˽óҩˡ
ضӹһڣ̧ͷҩΪЩͬ
ͷ顣ЦԺʹ˷ӣȵҩкü֡ÿպȵģպȵģպȵģÿҩŲ𣬹ȻܳԳͬ
ض˵ҩ룬ԵףڵҩںһƬףӵģһ˿޵ζȻһڣƲݹ
̼Ųȣӿ࣬Ҫһ۽ô
ˡ
ضͷȹһɬдŻҩ
ѿݻ̣õʮʱȻڣҪһǿ塣
ضӹ̵ֽ촽䲻ģʮ˵ʲôأ
ҿżɽ𣿡ʮЦ梲Ը꣬ܵҲƨɣǱ簢Ըֱ˵˰ɡ
ضֽݸ̣һ񣬴ſùֽȥˡ
̧ʮ˵⻰ѡ
Ӣѧʿ˴֮Ůָʹ˾ָʹžï֮ŮԿɡ梾úܵܣ
һͨȾָȨģض˻ش𣬺ȡ
ûǴžïŮҲ꣬ʮ롭
ҿԵȡʮЦŮӤܵᣬСҲȵ𡣡
ʮ˼ȫ޻˵ضǶףȳɻҹϵף绹˴֮Ůɡ
Ҫΰң
ٹգҪӪٰA칦磬ǰӪؾ֮ǰһܺͳĻᡣһ˴ǣߣۣܲܵҪʮԼıˡ
ǻ˴øлңҲŮ޸һûиĻӡ
ؾ󣬰ȻΪ˴֮Ůᡣ
ʮЦˣֵһаа梡
˵Ż
ʮЦЦض۰ĵܵˣǲǸʶȤԼ뿪ҲΪѣܵܲϵģңֻЩѹˡ
£ض
ת¡ذɡ
ֹһᣬֻʣ
ضʮˣ
ʮ¶Цݣָ򿻼λã
С꣬ʺ̸梣롪
ⳡգʮ񾩳Ҳա˵ÿ·˶˶̸ĵ
˵ʱ򣬻̷Ц
ŵ˾ʧ˰ɣ
ͣˣ񾩳һΧֳƥһ̸Цˣɫϣֱ˵ԨЦˡ
²ᡭû˵꣬ͱ̷һֹ
ʧ˰ɡ
Χشʡ
ʮһֻãã
ŻһֻҰͷʮ˵Ц
ɴ۾ô
˵ʷʲô°ɡ
ಣǸմӱ̳ȥԨһ䴩ڳݴԵİ׺ǰһ̻ʻİ׺ھ޴±Q£ˡֻµһ߷ɽѪ
˿ĭٴɻҲʡ
е˵ӱ󣬹ͭɫɫ׺󣬵ɵЦš
ҳӾǲһʮӼʶ㣬ͳ̸۵أСں߸һ·һֶҲ֪Ҫܴ꣬ﵽʮµľ簡
ֹͣˣɿɫûƼŻɫҪô㻹Ͻͣ
ӹˡʮӻͷЦ˵Ǳ񣺡ЩϾʱ֣Լѧġ
ԶʣС˵ʮǰ¹¹Ҳ֪ʶԨķӺͿֳɣ
ʮЦת
С˳Ұʶ࣬ðһ䡪ʮӵҩǴĶģ
ʮӻعͷʲôҩ
СҲ֪ʲôҩžǣ䣬ϲɵҩɡԶЦ
ʮǳ뵽ʲô¶һĨ˲Цݣ梣λȤ˵Ҹʲôϲɵҩ梡˵𣿡
ضعͷ΢΢һЦȻǡ
ʮ¶⣬ػԶЦݵȥ
ಣ֮ŭһ䱬ɽֲԶ޹·һͷҰһ֮䴩Ұһ˲·ʲôǰͱˣͷ͵һ
ԨСսսǰȥƤҰ
һ·µѾʤһʼֻģĺҲҲ·󶼲ѡ
ɱŭԽ࣬ļʸõԽ졣
̷ѳĬͳԶҲʼ촽
ļĬУضʮӵ˵Цͻأ
һ˻ضСĸȻԸǰУԭŵ档
ôˣʮӼ״Ҳͣƥ
δ䣬һͷɫСܰǿݴԣڵ˳
ԨԭҪ׼Сܣɲͣٺ󣬼ͷƫƣָ򱳶׳
Ԩա
һԨһ׳ԷɹСԣ磬ֻһ⡣
Сܾתˡ
һѪɫ粨ΣԨˣֻ׺ڶĳԶĿһĻʸغһϧ̾Ϣ
ΪʲôңԨֱؿŻعͷض
ЦֻСܴԼĸɢˣСҲûá
ûã˵㡣Ԩ
Ŀⶼ䵽ضϣ治ɫЦԨСѾˡ
Ҳ׷ȥҪƫҪ
ѣαضŭضԣԱˡ
ضҪϢˣֱؿƬ̣
ǲʲô£㶼νˣ
ضһ㶣δشȥ
ֿǸضҾֵȥ£
̷Ԩ뿪ķ׷ȥ
ʧضЦ׳ˣ
ˡϣ˹ζֻʣңܱܵ˭ˡ
ҵĳˣض˵ҪٿǷš
梲űҲһȫĵط˭ҲҲʮӿЦҲĵܵͻȻµĻǲǾʯ󺣣֮աܵѾһĸ֮˴Ϊܣǵܵܳ£һͣذ͵ڸİͷԡñʲôԽ
ضЦʮ˵Цˡ
ΪβƺŸҳǶԵܻܵнô

梡֪ܵ㲻ǸѰҲ뵱ѰҪģܸܵ㣬ܵҪġҲҰա
ضƫͷ֣ܿЦЦ֮ͥ£ûЩá
˭أЩˣѵǰ梵ĸԼˣ梷Χ𣿡
ˣǽЩáضЦҹ·߶ˣءοµʯأ˵ǲ
梸߼ܵܽˡֵٵȥҲǲǰߣ
˵˱áЦ
ĵһ
գա
գա
Ԩɽ׷ֹ
СܺߺԽԽԨ֣ǰȻʣܵСܽǰ
ޱ飬ţ
֮缲Ѹӥת˲Ŀꡣ
¡
̷˽ų֣պüһֻëƤ쵻ҰĲǻҽУǰصļʸɳȥ
СˣʣһȺǡ
̷ٴУոǰԨסȺиͷͷƺǼ˲ǣХһתˡ
̷˿˷ܵؽ££°
Զüʲô
ȪиСȪܻأָŲԶʯ󺰵
Ƶʯ󣬹ȻһƬͥԺСȻȪ
ýˣȪζҲƮ˱Ǽ䡣
ֽųˮˣϲ̫ˣһϲˣȪкô£ȥͳ˵ɣŮϲȪ
Ԩϣ俴ϲɫ
Լȥ˵
Ȼ
Ԩ
ѵⱲӶͳ˵ˣ
ʲôϵ
ޱսתˡ

ҹһֲֻʱض͵ؾѹ
谵ҹɫ˫ں͸ϵˮ̳ˮžʯˮĹ
ضؿڵȻжᱧԼ
Ԩ
û˵һùϣ͵Ӫء
ԽԽ᫵ĵ棬ضӺë׵ëƤ̽ͷԨҪȥĶ
̽ͷûüһ󣬾ͱһְֻؿڡ
졣
ֹ˺һᣬ¿һǣͣ½Ų
Ԩ¡ضĺֻ¿㣬ҹǷʵʵں񲻻·СӤһһ·ţĽָͷƴ첲µůطꡣ
ҶԨ
ƹ߹һ˵ľʯһƬССȻȪضǰ
ҹУζƮС
ôҵȪģضϲ
ʱҵġ
ضŲʪϣ䣬Ȫȶĵ档
ĴͷСܣضʡ
ˡôҪҳ𣿡
˱ˣһͷαȵҵСǡ
ضԼ㣬¶ѩϾСȣ̽ŶʯȪԵ
°ɣҲ㡣תߵʯ󣬿ʯͷ
ԨҲȲˮͺˡ
ݡɵҽ˵Ȫ塣
ضҲȻȪȰȷϾʯȪȥСȪ
ȵõȪˮڳлţϴһƣ
ȻھʯûɱͷСܡ
֪ض⡣
Ϊʲô
㡣
ضһʯͷ£Ȫˮպû
Ԩʱúܺá
ΪˡƵʯͷ梣ˡ
ԨҪʲôܽ
ʲô
ĶԻʹ̸뽩֣ضε걳ľʯһֻʪ֣ȥǣ괹ʯͷ֡
ԨҪʲô
ָһ㣬ԷҧĹӲšȪˮָģסıȪˮ̡
Ҫʲô֪
һЦֻСˣԨȻʧԾսвĴС
梡˵Ҳߵ̫
곡Ϸˡ
곡ϷҲ롣ԨץʲôСӣȥɱû˿вˡ
ɱûá
Ԩһ飺ʲôв㣿
ҹȥûһ׮ʧ󡣡
ضؾ
겻˵ΪʧʧҲù֪࣬Ƣǵ֪ԼЮΪ˭Ҳ֪嶯֮»ʲô
㲻ҡ¸ʰ̯𣿡
ضһ㶡
û뵽һ㡣
ֻǡ𣿲ģ⣬û᲻Լ鷳
ǵġٶԡ
ּ䰲ڵĲݴԼԼضž
ضǿǧΨܲĳĬһˣɧξϣȥ
תƻԨˣʱ梼㿪˲ٴιɺã
ˡӲ
˵ضˣصʯߣһĵȪˮȥ
Ԩˣ
Σ㲻û취һδôɡ
ضҲŲأҵСǣȥһֻµĻ
ѵ񲻵𣿡ҿ׳ͺǡ
ҵСǣ梵Сֻһضǣ֣̰գⲻ˶ˡ
ֻ㹳ûܿչ۹ʼʩٴΣȻܵصĴ㡣
סģô˵
Ƿҵİѱܹһ峭ŵ֤ݡ׳ôصһ룬ȥҵĵ˺ǿ˵ͨΪҪ⵹ҵֻϣϣϲҺƿءȥ̸ΪβȥֻҪЮһΪ£
˺ܾãֻһ𰸡ضҡ
ԨûѾϰضżȻðľ֮û˵ֻǾš
ضԼ˼Խ˵Խ
ֽǲȱģûһʼΪֽģˣأǣȻݡ׳ôȥҪЮϵݡ̫췴ںδһϾ͹Ƹ۵ô
Ǿͱضͷ̫췴йءض̫ǰܵĲǷһ
׳ҵİѱȥҵĵףΪҵĵͬΪѱϣϵİѱȥϵףΪţͬץסϵСβ͡
ֻܽ׳ΪŽ⣬ѡȥûõĹ
ĺı㣬֪סԼʲô¡Ҫв졣ҾͲͬˡ׳УֻһĻĹҲġѡңͻ룬Ϊֻһѡ񡣡
ԨʣҪô
ȲһмҪȥ
ԨĬƬ̣˽ᣬһȥݰɡ
ؾȥǰһҲã֧Ӿ
˵ǣңһȥ

ǲԸˣԲԣ
ضĬ
سһҵˮ㣬ȥǰߣȺȭͷ˵֮䣬ж֮أ
ݣΪĳĳŮˡ
ȥǰߣȻĳȨֻϡ͵ʣ¶٣
ͿܻʵбϡǸͷȨһҪԼС
޸Ƽ
ضȻԼڲ֪ʱˮѾ˹áõѾǣͭǽڣˮ롣
ߣҲ
ڣ
ԡҲԸˡ
.


89 
ֺʮһ𣿡
ɽּ, ƥɫһĿƵǰ, ϵ̲ס, ǰͷһµꡣ
Ԩû𻰣Ե̷һۣƺĺĺ
ΪʮӲ񾩳ΪһΧתƣ
̷Ϊת⻰, ڵ£Ӫ˼¹ĴԣǵѰ¹ױ£һñմá
¹
Ԩ˵㷴Ӧ, ̷Ϊο, æǰ˵, һͷﺬŻĸ¹
ŻҲ̫˰ɣ϶Ǽٵģһš
Ԩû˵, ¹ϡ棬Ӧϲ
ƵģԶĲݴһһͷкŻɫҰѩĸ¹ոݴԣ, , ܡ
Ŀɿڴ, ǰͷԨѾ׷ȥ
̷״, ҲޣŻ񣬼æӣһȵѽ
ʣµĳԶŲæƱԼĲ
ڽýĿ۵糸㴩ɽ֣ۼͰ¹֮ľԽԽ̣ԽԽ̡Ԩ𳤹ȶ׼񱼰¹ͻȻ¹һ֦ɫҰ¡
ɲסŲԨļ߹ȥ
ɫԨĸ¹󵽴ĸɵطй
ϡ棬͸ŮƭӣҲῪİɡ
¹ͨԣ¹ݵĿʱϲվ캬ϼ֦ҰתҪ뿪
һֻʯ䣬ᴩ¹Դ
¹صԨǰȻ
˫峺¹ǰ˳Ĺ
һдּûпŹйٻӵܡ˵ϵİ¹һֿۣһԨ԰ľһۼֿ졣ȥ¹ˣûע⵽ǰ滹һŵܡŵ´ҪҪֽһЩֻдԼļⶫԼġ
һߵ¹ǰʰС̾ŵࡢˡ
Ųˣ˲ûС죡
ǡǡСսսͷ¹С
ʲôɫתڡ
ɱеİ¹㲻Ϲˣ֪˵ûҪһͨ
ޡŵϵİ¹һڣҪ뿪
˭׼ˣ
Ѫ˻ŵ£ܾǱˤ¡
ʱָϵ̷˼һĻһϣҲǰסԨࡣ
Ԩ㾹ҵɫŸ߸ϵԨ
ԣľһۼֿ졣
ԨӸͳ
ûע⵽ƥϻһ㲻뱻´ξҪܿһ㡣
һʣ裬ŭ֣һѪѧ˵ˣҲҪҪ㣬
һͷڣ͸촷һһʣµĻں۾ȴһҲ˵
һ»꣬ԼΪӳͷĴ׼ԨϵĴȾ֮һʹ
ҽˤѹԼĳʹҷһֻƳ̵ذȫĴȣѪָĿĵһء
Զɵϣָﴵӣ
̿£ա
Ԩ俴ŵϵҪҴ򣿡
ҭסκ󣬺޺޴ӵһѾһƥϵĽ꣬Լȥ
ߣ
һиߵǱȥС̱/ʵ꣬Ҵҵ׷ȥ
ԨߵʬѾʼȥİ¹ǰ
̷Ҳ˹ĸ¹Ķӣ̵ü£ڸӰ˰ɡ
̷¿һᣬС¹ѾˣƳ˵оȡ
ǿƿơ
Զϣмʲôǿʳ棬ȵһʱ־ȲһΪ¹˳ԺͱǳԾĽ֡
վֱ㲻æˣ˵ôô
̷δţȡСĸ¹ӡ
С¹ѾͣȻȴһ̷̧ͷǸ̥
һѹ̾һڸӣĸһɡ
ģҲŲԶ˵
Ҳûߵ
˭ѾˣͰɡԶЦһµϣˡ
תͷһȻûԨӰ̾˿̷߶£
Ƕˣڰɡ
һ꣬Ԩѭŵһ¹㣬ߵͷȻʡ
һı̺ɽ־ͷĴ˻͵ɽߣԶɽһݣźطȻͬĻɫʡ
ɲݺͻ֦ͬСѣѾɵĻ֦ɲϣм֦ԸժĻɫҰ
Ԩߵɽ£ŵĻɫҰȥ

ܴ裡ܴ裡˳𲻱ĲΪˣ
ۿͨ죬ǰĴ
ΧĽÿ˶һӣŻӲɷĻ֮ӣԼձۿվµú֮ݡ
ٻӵܶˣ˵Χˡ
ҪǴСû˵꣬ǰͼ˽ⲻʮС̡
ֻܶһô˵Ȳҿڣǻֻˡ
ҪԸŻʵѡݵ
ôողϣŭһӳ
һӳڿУ֮
Զټҳϵϣ治ɫɫס
ŻӳҲûŵ㣬ǵӣµʮ÷
ޣʲôʮܣŭһŮĵܵܣ
δţ
ŻӵвҪ񾩳ϣûгΪݻԾŻӵӣһٴˡ
ضҪʲô취һܽһʧ𣿣
ûתһϣҶɻҡ
ޣһ߽һӳ¡
ݵ²ܽгʧȴܽгٻžŻӡ
ʲô취ͷ
ݼ侲ȥＸ䡣
ãɵ
£ŮӣŮӳ޴ӷ򣬱ǹҲѲݵžŻӣΪûˣմڹУû˭ޣ˺ӣȻһֻ๫ͷ塣ĶǵþŻ˭
ԶĲ˵ӺͳһĸͬӿΣֻҪѳ;Żӷֿ˳Ҫ֡ʱδþŻӣһ仰飿
һʼɣ𽥵ͷ
еʣضⱲӲޣ˵Ĵӣ귴ڣѵҪ𣿡
¡ζޣ¿òް
Ȥüô˵
²ţ
˴յһֹһᣬֿʱ¶ŲЦüɫ裬ɻ
ããݵļ¶Ҷкôúȥ죬һǵ
վֱ壬¶־΢ЦҾֵ

ͬһʱ̣һŰǵϣ½ɱӵһӡ
·
áض¶΢Ц
梹Ȼվտܵʮӵ
ΪŮӣȤҲֻЩ㲻ļˡضһ֣
ڱɫҴҴ߽ںضĵʮӣֹװµվ˽̡
ʮӿڱһۣת͸ɫ
վǾ칦ӣܵѾ鰢һ죬㲻ЪϢˡ
ضЦϷ߰ΧȦнʣİӡ
ʮӴضջô
ӦҪ׼ĵطܵܲšҾֵ䣬칦ϼա
Ҳáض̣ʮӡ
ͷˣ梡ʮЦ
߳񣬺ߵӭǰ׳һɫܿףͳһװĽŵ̡
λˣ紵ܵҲףȻ󣬺ȿСƣӸò˰ɡ
ô
һС⣬ԲǮˣҪ⡭
׳æƾܣ첽Ƶ󣬽Ϻʲ
յšſѧŲҰСŮϾˡȰӪسԼײϡ
Źȥ½·ضȵ½·޵ˮϡ·
׳ٰѶʲøЩκ֮ԽԽСֻԼضŮ˵һ䣺Ȱ⵹ϣҲʮİѱˡΰʮӿƲǡ
׳Ҽȥǰŵ˹ǰȿ첽뿪˴˴
ŲҰ˷ʱҲţ˵ʳµĵµú͡²ԼϮ˱ˮػʹӦΣ
Ϻ񾩳֮ľսʤҲˡ
ǡ˭Ӯ׳뿴ľ档
ãһֱݣˮĻᣬֻ˴ǣƣܽ׳Լ
ҶܾˣͿ񾩳ٶ֡
ڣս־ԵӮ
ضˮ·ÿѧСŮϾ״һҪ֪ϣ棬˭²źã
˼󣬿첽ĸɵ


90 
֪, A䲽β, ڰӪس֮ǰٵٿΧΪʢһ칦硣
󳼣ʹһãȱϯ
ʽϯǰ, ض, ٵ, ²Ϊܣ
̫ӣΧʱֲΨԵܵʿ, 㿴㿴
εĺ, ƷǵЩʤòãƷ, Сȿ, Ժ, տ
־ָʹΪ, ߴ, ˴˴Χھ, һ˴µﶼҪ, ĵطĸ˿ԼСӡ
˵öʲôʲô, ضЦõ
ʡ
úúáŮƤ, ʲ˵ˣ˵ˡԼٵ۳üŪۣȻһ˲ɫһȣλգ
ضЦ˻Լλá
ΪһϯλзĻ֮£ҲֱֱĻӵξ档
ұ߿ȥԨżλߡ
梡ԨұߵʮӴ
һ˵ԨĿΪ֮һ䣬漴תߡ
ضʮӣЦЦ
ʮ¶ЦݣԶԶҾ֡
ڸ̨λٵؿһȫ󣬿ʼ˹AܽԽƪضһҹʱдĽ廹ǺЩãಽٳõſܵж׷׺ۿ
һʱ׶
ٵ۸칦ʽʼȲضһתض
߽㣬֮ǰҪִԣĳݱ΢Щйˡһܾܵ㣬ǧҪƾܡ
ԣҺʱ˵ʲô
ǣǣ߽˵ģܵܶˣһƣ
ضǰľƱЦ
һʱоȻеϡ
һپĺˣһͬȼƣϳƾܾԵòʶô
ǴĶƣԸأ
ۿһѾ飬žһͨسߡ߽㡭
ǵȻҪȵĻұӻܺȡ
һŮ˹ϥʺشͺҶ
ضʺĸ̨ϯȥʺ¶ĸµ΢ЦԶԶһٱ
ʺ󡭡
ʺһҾ֣ȵߵľƱȥ
ضס֣Цˣɡ
ȡյ˿ŵƱҺͬ߶ȣҲһģһޣȻУԽ޵ĶԽΣգȻУʱҲˡ
Խ޵ĶԽԼ˵Ŀġ
ضڣҵ߾ƱݸЦúˡ
ûõȣ
ɫ죬ùضݳľƱضһ̨ϵĻʺƱʾ⣬Ȼһ
ȹľƱ̵ĹŮűãҡҡλ߻Լλ
ضŽԲʤΪɣǰϯ
ߵԨʱͣԨǰߵʮӣЦǺ̸Ǹ˺ģǺȾƺȺģ
ʮ¸ǣϲɫСܵܶлΪҳı滮Ҫȥ
ЩͷΣȥΧ͸͸
ʮ˼Ҿֵҹ󣬰梻ҪС
ضЦЦ߳ʡ
뿪ãʮҲվ˵ҳȥߣ㲻ظˡ
߳ջȵĴʣߵĺһ´ϵľ׳һΧȥ
ضûţǼһյĵĹǷө棬ǰɽ֮䡣
ʲôأ
׳ԥƬ̣׿۵ƻͨĴʣ̧Ÿȥ
յߵò죬ȴʼǰͷ׳ɽ·ԽԽѾʼڸƤӵ²ҸʲôðȻȻɽ·Ѿһ룬Ҫʱͷ־òġ
׳˵׳˿ȥ
ﻹضİѱֻҪһ뱣Ԩһ첻òơʲôµģ
ڣյǰǰ֦Ҷ֡
һ޵ĵζƮӣʯ£°õضֳڶʯϣŽŲŪð̵Ȫˮһյؾİͷֱߣ׵飬·һ˵
׳ûòкر֮ʱȴɿˡ
عʱȻûκιˡ
ߵĹأڵ
ͷҲ̧Цϣеڳô
Შ߾һûһػ˫ţˮֻССΡ
׳ȷǲŮ˶˵룬ȷʵеĶ
ҲǾƾãֱǰҲģ
˦˦ͷض˹ȥ
Ҷӡôҵõطģ
ض£΢ر׾سЬ࣬ѧӣ˫ȪˮС
Ԩġ
׳ᵽһֶе죬µĲҲ
չСЩȻؾҸɽһԺӣȪˮȥʲôʱݣʲôʱݡָˣûһݣ
ضЦ˵
梡Ԩˣ˵ҪǻûЩѪͰҲǶϲλġ㡢ôƫƫѡأһʼûеǼĿܣ
һȥҪضڶʯϵֻ֣Ȼûָ⣬ֻѾС
̧ͷȥȻ¶ŵ΢Ц
ߣɫȴңɼ
૵梡ǲǿң˵֪һңңΪǹŮġһ죬һ졭һ˶һһ죬һǶڽ쿴ҡ
Խ˵Խᣬ֧Լ壬òŵʱھһ˿ԡ
梡ôˣʲôˣĸ󣬻ҵĸǶɽ¡ԨİѱҲҲɿڣԶҲ֪ʲôطɱҡɱҡ
ضûп
Ŀɽµĵƻ˵
׳ŬȥɽԶԶȻͱѹĳؽŲʣɽʲô鷢ˣһԾӪصĴ¡
ĸ䣬˭û˼Ѱˡ
㡭ʲô
ʲôûضЦˣýŲһůˮʲôǿüô
׳Ȼŭʣȫⴸڵϵһȭ
㵽ʲô
ʪȵ׷ɣض΢ЦţҲգ
ֻǿѧҴСŮ״ѣѾ֪ôΪ˾ȣ
һ㶣״ǡ
ˮ·Ͼôض˵ʣµĻһᣬӦŭƭҡ
Լ͵ǽǣò׼ңضЦҲ˳ڰΪæ֮У˰梺ôһæءҪ㣬һ벻ʲôͻϲµ޵ѿѧСŮ͵ʺͳǰһУء
թҡ
׳ҧ⣬ʹִԵѡ
թĵ̤˷һ̲ˮܲأؿѲɣֻƾһţҵĵӣҳΪֻľżȲ˶ϡϣΪΪҾͻԹľż
ʱҼȿϧԼǸŮˣʱԼǸŮˡΪǸŮˣǰ棬ǿģԶ֮ˡҲΪǸŮˣѰвĻʱҲܻĿԹҡֻΪǸŮˣһù꣬ҲĲŮˡһ㹶ӲдҲӣӣΪ˺ľһŮˡءҲİգ
̧°ͣ
һŮ˰ˡʲôþģ
׳޺޵ضݿ죬֪ŭ¡
Ȼ֣׳ֲڳرߣʪ
ҲԸɱˡ
תƽĮһޱϲ·𾭡
̺̺Ĺ̳̳Ϸ̤壬ҪĹءԼ˵ĵߣͱ÷˵ķʽ㡣
׳ǰһһطڣ;ƾһˣ˫ŻȪȪˮȣȴֹס䡣
ˣˣҲǰɫƽض
梡梡㲻ɱҡǷţŻҸʲôǶɱҡ
ۿһӿ
梡ɱҡһ
梡
ض޲ؿ
ʮ壬ôС
ⲻΪسеͷɡ
˵ĸײԸѡģĹΣĶӣǲĸԸѡģĸĶӣһɱ㣬αװɱǸɴཫͶĸϾһ˰𣿡
׳ɫһɴ۾ŵؿ
Щɱ㣬Ҳù䵽ǰ֡
ҲвҡΪ̵ն֣ӣһաĸ׶ܺɱİи𣿻ҹ統գĽŲڿһ˵񣬶ǰô
Խ㵿־壬еƶȻҵĿ־壬ֶþֻʣ𽾰һſһ˿͵ľ
ŵվӨ׵ƹӳֻСѩ㣬䵭Ұף¶һ˿ԣޱϲʲ塣
̴а߳Եϵ׳δһеΪɽˮۣЬࡣ
ϳ
Ȱѳɣ̵
ء
ضߵЬĵطȥЬʱһŲ

治ɫЬܲУȡֽһһ̣˺ֽ
չ̵ſˣ֡Ҳ²еʵ̫ıһ£Ҷв롣
ƿϵҽţߵһԡ
׳ضıӰֻոձȵ֡
梡梡Ҵˣҡ
һߵرߣӰ󲻶ϵ׳ץ˫磬Ȫһ
׳˶ûȪˮ֮Уϣ๾ðݡ
һᣬ̳һᣬ־Ȫأץѣ
ضͷк϶ΪһţͷҲ̧
Զ㣬ҺԨĵط

׳ǰ˼
׳·ʪ͸һ׹ѣ͸ǡԼð˿˿̣ŵ
ϴۿðţ϶֧˵
梡ҴˡҪɱҡҡҲˡһѧõġĻ梡梡
ʪض˻ߵ
梣
ضͣ½Ų΢΢ͷ¶ŵĮݡ
ʲô˵ա

ͩΧƻͨĴ֮УɫµúͱѺ뿪·ң̱ڵһΨи촽ܵİֹ
ȻһԣûΧۿϷİٹ֮УҲûڵΪ飬óҪƲԼȻȻݹϵʹµúͱѺȥʱڴĿⶼϡ
վһԣ˵ˬɫء
ٵ۽üͷ־ս
úõ칦磬ȻȻ󲨣ѧ֮Ů׳Զ࣬µúҲһţµúۣ¼ҵ׳ܷȫȫβҲ˵
ʩϵ̨ǰ϶ˡ
һϣϡǿȨԶϾġ˵ףȱһѹסĶӡ
޵£Ҳ޵£ʮӣŻûһ
ٵص̾һΨһŮòײЩ
ֻϧǶӡǶӡ
¡һ˼æʣδüٵۣͱγźĳˡ
ٵЩ죬۵˭ĹˣŻųɺͳ
£ūʮߵˣʮҹ;뿪һֱδأū澵ĵ³£ӪѰһūλᣬ޷붯ѲߵѰӪءҹū澵ĵʲô£˼ʱѰΧ
ٵ۷̫Ѩƽ
Ž׵ķƽǰһ
һˣȥѰʮûʲô£Ҫεˡ
ְ
ٵۿẔ̇ڵϣʧ˻ǵ£뵽׷ԲԵڷ̫ӹʱԼײģֵ˰׸ȥϢ޵ģ޾ģ޵ģҲ顣޷ˣɢ˰ɡ
ٵһڻؾ֮ǰĴĶѾã׸ϵ׸
ٵ۵ĻҲǣݺᣬ̨ϵٵعȥ
ﳼʥϡ
ٵ̾һٿת߳ʡ
Ӫأٵֻķһȥһĸߴȫ
޵Ķɻˣ
ˡߴȫʤ;˳ˡ
˺ðҲʡÿ߰һ¡޼ǵÿѧⰸ״ɸ˸˵һգҲʼա
ߴȫҾֵ
ٵۻصʣҪЪϢ˼ææĽŲŵõͨķƽ첽˽
֮󣬹¡ΧһȪԷʮӡ
ҹģɽȥʲôȪҲ񡣡ٵ۵
ʮӡӦǾƺʧ㣬Сʱ·ȫʪһ·Ժʹ
úôٵü
Ժʹ˵ʮӡзˡƽɵ¡ѻָ
üͷٵۿڷԣһ
£м£
һ׮׮ģôƫƫеһˣ
ٵ۲ͷôˣ
һ˱˽죬ٵһ۾˳
ôţѵҲʧٲˣ
ĸһ㶣˫ϥ´󺰵
ū澶ѲӪأ


91 
, ϡ
»ʺԼ飬İο, Ĳɵһ߿ࡣ
񾩳ǰ̽ʱ, »ʺɫŹ֡
ض߽, ʺٶɵ˵ͷ, ʮˣ
ÿǰ
ضȥбڴϵʮ
, 㰢ˡϲİˡʵ
ʮӵضߵ΢ЦԽҽвϵ䶯ڴϣֽŶܿ硣
أ˵һ룬ʱ޺, ҿĳ
»ʺüʮôˣԺʹơ
ضĸ԰ա
ǰһ, ׳ϣʮܣһЩа梵ġ
ֻʲô˿, ʮٿذ
һ
ĳΣѹ, Ϣ񲻸Ρ
ֿҵĳ
ضְʮֱϵ, ͷɫĪĻʺĸ󣿡
»ʺ͵ػţ
ضʾվһԣò׼ҪҪȥԺʹŮ´
ˣ°ɡʺ
ضɿ֣ϵʮȻܰ˵Ŀζضһһͱ˸ζƽվϲ梣梵ĻƽǵУҪǳźá
ģԵˡضЦ
ص»ʺ󣬵ĸ󷽲żңƺܳԾ
ֻЩȣʺûЪϢˡ»ʺǿջЦ
ЪϢˣʮô£ô˯ȥ
ǰɲǻձϰףҲˣŻôϲ梡
ضֱۣοȻߵ»ʺǰ֣ɫٿһ»ʺ
С´˳¡ĸҪΪԼ롣ѡˣһ֮ĸԼĻᡣ
»ʺɫӣĬ
ĸǱƣö˺һᣬ´ĸٲҡҲҪһˡ
»ʺ岻֣ȻȴԷŲš
ضܵԽԽĲڣЦֱ
ֻǿЦĸôˣİգ鶼໥ģңȻҲ˵ǲ
ɲᣬο˵öԡ
ضЦţջ֡
»ʺȲذֲػش䣬ƯƲҿ
ĸʮ˽˵仰֪㣿ض
Ҳˣ˵ա´ȥϢ
´æǰסʺֱۡ
ĸ󡣡
ضͬһ
»ʺ뿪־˰۾£ͳ˵强գ鷢̫࣬ҡҲעûΪĸ׵ĸ˳
˵˵ţҪضο˼䣬ɵŮȥЪϢһڲ衣
ڰضʾ⣬̴ӻͳһ
ضӹĿѵʮӴǰ˵űߣ͵ǽǡ
Цʮܣ·㿴Ƿ죿
ʮӵ﷢ֻ֧ڡ
ĸǰΪܷ첹¡Ὣʮϣܵô

ʮţһŰ뿪Ķ̹ŭͿ־ŤȴȻȳϡ

ض̶̶֣翴ĴסĲӣٿȻʧȥ
ĸŮܺãϸܵţⲹϵİơ䣬޲ͬɫϵְƣš֣ұšƽ֣Ϊκݵģɱһ޴Ůˣ
ɴߣɱ̾˿Ҳ㡭Ҳ㡣һûеߵˣ֮ܳΪ𣿡
һ˵ĹᣬҲض˵ᡣ
µ飬Ųǡ
ͺúõػŰաҿҵĶֿÿ˶סؿű޷ѵ꣬
Ƶ׹Ԩɡ

ضصԼ󣬽ڱ
ô
عˡڱӪûϢ
ض˼
ʺ͵ض⣬ҩƵʧԼԭ򣬻Ϊ
ضɸ˿£ʲô紵ݶ档
ڱҾֵ
̶һðҩ˽ضһ֪ʱҩˡ
һڣǸպȵ룿
ǽͷȷˡЦ
ضһҩݻ̣Ԩ˯ô
ڱعŻһϨˡ
ô˯磿ضҪ֣Ҳˣ
̵Ϻ˼ƣ岻Եʰɡ
ضЦЦһۣ㵹ǿ
ɲ˵ֻ¹˲ϣ﹫أæ
Ȼ梵ģȻȥ
ضӴһţҪ˵Ȼߵ
˵ʲô£ض
˻صδֻɫС
աض˶٣̣޺÷ġȥ񡣾˵ʮƽҶĵ齡ʱ򣬱ȥɡ
˿˽ᴲˡ
ضؼӴҲ˽
δ˵ض˵㿴
һ㶣ŵͷ۽𾦣Ǹĸȴ̡\ԭΪçøʶΪˡ
ضЦǲçʱĶˡ
ޡ\ͷȡһö壬渣ģҹڿϾޡŸȰ룬ʶð볤棬ȰȰ
öȷʵǸ֮ضһۣջߵʲô
ԭΪլ֮¡\ֹ븣棬²𲻵ãϽͰ
ǿƾʵ򸹺ڵϵöİ˶Ǻദ
ƽնŵĸլԷض𴽽΢΢Цˡ
\ЦٴһҾס
п˿˵Żƽ˳Ҳ벻ڶʱˣ˿볤ں͸һĸͬķϣȰȰԳţø
ˡضһˡڱ

ڱǰضֱվ
ָ˰޺Ľ̵գȥҪ´
֪ˡ
̸Ҫض°աʱüҲٿŴ

ض߳ȥ
ʧ٣ӪȻƻͨʣ֪ʧһô
\ͷش𣺡سѾ֪ˡƣûȥ
µú֮£Ҳ֪ض
ϯ磬ûп׳״֮ٸøһʱȵøࡣ
㵹Ϊ롣
ҵøʶ΢֮ǧ֮һĶ顣
\жȣ̸ºͼʶԳƵġçض˸˼ʣʲôʱ򵽸ߵģ
ȥһҵøڸЧѽꡣ\ݵ΢δ빬Ҳˣˡ
ԭֹˡ
ضŶ壬ܵܣ˽ٺͷ
ڻȴǰڡ
֪ǰǰغ\ǰһÿӣ롣
ض߽񣬻δüھԺһػ

ڱһͷֻʣʡ
ضǰһڣʧȥʶ


92 
ɫȼղԭϵ, ͩΧĴӪȻУ彣׵Ľһһܹ, ôضڶ
һûеƵԲ΢ڻ谵ҹɫ
һǽ͵淢졣
һȾѪذ׻, һ⡣
Ǹ͵ΪһСɽ
ԨŲȥעᴩ˫ķԵ˫ǿ, վ
һѪϵ䣬ҳžһ
ѳɰǧδһκ϶Ϊһ, ŽŲߵӴ, ȥòڴ׵ɴ
б·ֻһ, ־޹أһͷԵڼӴϡ
ܸоһ壬ɫۡ
ڴһ, ת춥, ֻһͷ
˷ˡ
, ҿķޡ
ڴߵŮ̽ͷ, ۾ȴűЦ
, ȥ, ȴĵֱ
ҿķ, һӶڱ, һӶڱ˺һӶڱƭ
þֻǻþԼ˵
ͬãΪʲô㣬ͺ޲ɱ
졣˵㲻һ
ѵ㲻ôǴһӸ棬ѵ治ô
ԨЩųӴһľᵽϡ
ľϲżɴ£ò˫ָһȦһȦɴ
ѩ׵ɴţ䦳ʺĻ
ް
ŮؿǱ·ǱȾѪذף˿ͻͻ
ѵΪԼʥʸ𣿡
Ԩɴ͵һõĽһɢ
ԣϫūԣ㲻ԡŮ˾ޣ㲻ԡ
Ϊʲô
ĺӣ㽵Ϊġգġôޣ
ＷӲû
ģޡδţ˵ҪʮⱲӣ±ӣ±ӣҪ
죡Ԩŭȡ
ʧֻʣ񱩵ĴϢ
¡һɪŮū泤ġ
ԨȺ
˭
ū澱գߵĹŮҲū澵ġŮ
ԨȷʵǵôһŮ
·ľƻش

Сÿ߽񣬵ǰȾѪذ©һ¹ź⣬˼Ͳϴ
Ҫū澴Ҫº͵̡
ʲô£
ūҲֻǡտɫżӡ
ԨĬΣڼӴϷһѣȥ
񣬲Ұ¹ϣѹȲ԰׵ֲص󣬸ضһվæǰ
¡Χ㣬ū澸·
Ԩɫ󣬿ڵ
á

Ժһʹض˯ǡ
áд͵˫ۡ
ܶǶ͵ɽڣ΢¹һ鼸סڵľʯϷ©ʯ£ϤӰصţ˴š
۵һݵĺ󾱰ڵϣһǿ¿㡣
϶ˣ㡭ƨʲôǡӻ롭˭˭οƨǵӡҪ㡭ôҩôᱻҪ𡪡
ݲҽһض۾ƿĿܿȥ
Ѿɽͷ·ǰǿʯ˵һˣ˵ʯµϣҲƶ˷ֺ
Ψһûеȫĵطֻ¹й룬һֻ֣⣬Ҫ죬ڳ˵Ρ
ҽϣѹźԲʹŬ鱨Ϸ״
ӪȻûɽͩΧܳƣжʮߴΧҪͩΧ·ҲʮĻֻ˶ĿûбҪǳΧ
ܴϣڶʮߴΧ֮һĵط
ʯվһʯӣڶڵľʯͶ˹ȥ
ʯӷɳʯͶڵķ϶û
ǲݵأ
ܿæµߵһߣüߵĶԼԼ˵
ݽе̫ңǹߵһЩҲȻһ־ŭ
ҰҲߣ
Ľŭ˼٣״ε
㡢ֱ㡪ô¶㾹Ȼ㡪ҡ
ضϣʯͷ϶⺰
梣ţ㡪ɵʲôʯͷῪҰ梳
¡\Ҳ
ƺվ˾ʯǰ
һæŴ׮һŭװ
ضֹѾڣԭǡĺ£ȱȥ͵ɣ
һţ\»뿪𣿡
ʯųĬ
ضеĹƻֻüð梳ȥʲô㣬Ǻú
⿪˵ȴ\
£ʮӣӳɻδãŮɼһ¾ٹ֪ӲУҪκ϶ȹ˻а̺ۣѵǴ֮ãʮڴϣѳɷˡʣµĻУĻų߻ӳ΢ܹ͵һ̵ģֻдӡӣԼһŻӡ
ŻܹǼĸˣ
⣬ʳ\ԵΪŻܹǼ
ضЦ˵λСÿЦ
λλΪʲôҪܵܲܣһ˲ƤĻӣΪʲôĻΪıǻϼѧӺͰ𺳣AϵĴŻϢǲ˾֪Ҳˡ
Щ£ΪֱŻʮ½ѵ㳤ںΪıֱȹ̲ŷâ¶ô
ضȷŻӣΪ֪һʼԵλʲôһԵλĻӸΪİ֣һ㣬֪֪̫Ҳ֪ԵĸҲ֪
ڳĬ
ض۾ĶȨףͷģ
ϱͬģ
ϱ˵ⱲӲһˣϱǹģⱲӻڵ
һУΪ˰ҵʣôҺͰΪʲô
\شֵ
ҲŰô
ڿڣ梡
¡\ɣĹƻ󡣡
ǰͬ㣬պһлҪǰ˹ƻҲԻڣ
ʯ\һ˿ЦȻ紫һ˵ϼ䣬¾ͻʧ˶յҰģ
硭Ѱ梷ųɣҰδŮӣ߻һ޲
û˵꣬ڴ׮࣬ŭȵ
ʲô񣿣ٲĿģ
\ڶ£Ȼ˵İŻӶգôڣ֤Լĵʱ
ĳĬʾԥ
ǶĶһ޹ǵǽͷݣһ洵磬һ浹ȥ
¡\ϴһһ԰⵹λӵĺ£ûˡһĶֱֻʣӣԶڱ߽֮һʲôӱ޳ĪͲһˡ
ضûгԶ۹⣬븨Ǽһ¶֪ٵĻʲô𣿣
£Ҫðյġ\£˵أ
ȻôаաǾ˵ɡ˵梡ίһˣ³֮һᲹġ
װضŭ
Ƭ̺\Ѿˣ¡
ҹŻǰ赶ɱˣ
\ЦǺǰЦ
֪ǲĴ뿪̬ȱýȻͬ
㵽ʲôˣʡ
ʲôˣʱ죬Ȼ֪
ãһؿԨǰɱô
ġ\Ц
ضû׹֮⣬Ѿ
һϢԵ񾩳ʵΪ֮Ů͵²ѪԵϵ
кȻը죬ʶ˫Ѫ˿۾Ҳڿ
\ֻƾƭмƣδ̫˰ա
ǲǺжᡣ**һֵǧ𣬱˾Ͳˡ\Цֶͨ죬ţһܳŵŻǰȵʱ򡣡
\ضŭ\
ŲԶȥɽû˻
ջĿ⣬ɺۡ
˿Ѫ°ʹ޵㻹ŸʲôϰûѪԵϵˣͷŹҰɣʲôģ񾩳£ò˫˵ˣ㿴ŹҰɣ
ӿһݣض
ضǿװ򶨣ɽȥ
侲һЩơԨѾ·ˣѵļƣá
һȵһʯӣһᣬľʹ˲ϡ
漴Ŵ
Ѫ߲򷴷ͼ޶֮ͬľ롣
̩ˡ׽㣡
ضɫҰףץסԼ½ߡ
ʧǣиΣ̬ĶһҰޡ
Ů֮ѹϣ־ȫѹ˫ۡ
һֻ½ʱضǰδеĿ־ѹ
һΣԼǸŮˡ
梣梣
꽹겻ͬ٣ͻȻڶ⡣
ضۿһӿޣûĿĵֻ˷ˮ֡ɽĳΪҪޣ޸˭
ûп޵ıҪûС
Ϊʲôʧȥƣһ̣
Ԩ
ضһ죬ᷢĿ
梣梣
ĽŲͣɽ⣬ǿһ˰ߵľʯסȥ·
Ԩּŭĳָضעϣһɣʱ͵̧ȻԷ
ʹһضûƵƴȥ

ŭڶ⣬ǿһض·ľʯڵĥ¡¡
ض˵֮˵ȴǴ졣
ɫԽֲٴض
ضʯȥ޼£һαѹ£ƴ

ڶһŭ𣬾ʯŲԽҡ
ض߱ˮģҧס촽Ѿ
㲻ܿޣܡװ˭㲻ԡ
㲻ܿޡض㲻ܿޡ
۷ʲô£㶼ܿޡ
¹սˡ
ģ¹⣬ҫᡣ
ͬһֻСУ¶Ŵ㵵ɫһֻѪ߰ߵ͵ץͷϵڣӲƽʯڡ
¡һٵһľڱ飬ͷ­Ҳ͸ϣǰȻѡ
׵ĺģžһء
ŻѪζխɽѸ
ڶڵɫѪǵ¿ֱһɢɧˮ䦿
ضű¹µ꣬ϢأѪħ߳Ѫޡɱɫϸɫͬһ㣬¶Ƥ䶯
ǹƳ档
ǲǾǻ
ض˲䣬·Ҳֹͣˡ
һƳ棬ɽƤͣ
˺ͽ˸ѣȾɫɫ۷ݷͣδ𣬵δ޺Ѫδָ۵䡣
ɿͷʬ壬תŵþһȥ
𡭡ɱҡʲôûʲô
ɽƴȥݱһŲס˺󱳡
ݵԴ
ͷµĴĿѪ串ǵݣݵͷһһ£ɽͻļײȥ
𡭡ˡҡȡ
˹ǺĶۻûݵѪ쭷ɣŰɫ̵Ķεδڵϡ
ڣ֣ϢϢİԴ䵽˵ϡ
Ԩض
ãؿҲŴʡ
ǰף
ֻһ룬Ȼͣ١
ؿͫеӳ񣬻Լա
ЩĹƳ棬ֻ𽥲ȵַϴƺԼҲΪλɲ
׹Լʲôģ˫ǰһ̻Űµһ̻ӿߡ¡ҡ޴롢ָ˫ں͸ϵ۾ողòбַɱˣĽëϻŲ֪˭ѪעʱȻӤһ޷
ֻҪԸ⣬һµܽڵ
Ȼ֣ĽŲոŲһ˫˳ֱ۾ͽν壬꣬ÿһһܲ͸ӵ
ԨͷУ૵梲¡

ѪǣҲܴв׽ϤǹϢϣûбİϢ
ڡ梲¡ʵ
Ƭ̼ž˫ڴĺ󱳣§þӵһ
梡ڡ
ͳһ˿ȥ
Щ䶯ĹƳ棬ѸѪ³
ҡԶڡ
֣󱳻ȥ


93 
Ԩ赹ǰĿѪɫ, , ҲһƬѪɫ
, ʬҰ, Ѫһء
Զŵ۾Ŀıգһնϲӵĵͷ­ֻʣһƬƤӡ
ԨϿѪĺ, ֪˭Ѫ°£Ѫϡ
Ϊʲôɱңʡ
ޡ
һѪĭµϡ
Ԩ˱ۣ˵
ѡͽ
šĲӡ
ɿֺ, ˵ʬ൹ȥĿؼ·ֻһˡ
Ӧֻһˡ
ŮƭΪʲôڣ
梡ˣΣգҪȥȰ梡
ҪȥȰ梲С
ԨոһͲʹص
ϵ, Ѫܵ䵽ǰɫĹƳƤε
⡭ʲô
ĺ, 㽵Ϊġ
û
ҪʮⱲ, ±, ±, , Ҫ
û
, ô
û
Ԩ͵ۣؿھ
е˻ںһ񶼼ؿڣطյģȻԵҲʱҪƮһ㡣
ˣ
ػɵճҰüͷһϡ棬·˵ôѹ
ԨĿɨһ飺ءء
Ԩˣ
һϲҰǣһʪֽض첽߽
ߵüͻԲȡ
㡭Ľšôˡʡ
أؾᣬΪƣأоô
ػһԣһѾı鿴ˡ
Ԩ㡭ۡȥ
ɴ۾ҵҹȥľ˹ȥ
˵֮ǰضס֣Ԩǻɾǡҽˣִһ㣬;˳ѾǵĻɡ
˵ʲôػɵͲӣǳɢģҲûרѾǣأ
ضδţҪǻɰæӪ˶ܼˡ
Ԩȥ㡭ûСˡ
üʱûˡضǣ֣еؿأڸоˣ
Ԩ˻˺ѰʹԼͷյκǹȶȡ
ҡáġ
õӻкãػһǱһҪˣ
Ԩûɿض
Ľšҽ𡭡
ٵһᣬڻʱ򡣡
Ҫҡʰ̯ӡ𣿡
ⲻʰ̯ӣԨʪֽȥϲѪǰ㱣˰梣Σ梱ˡ
ػһԿʼȡΪʲôǿضˡ
ʲô˼ѽ
ôоԼ񲻴أ
Ԩ飬ȥҡضҪκô
á
ػһͷˮʱ;Թϵʣ
̿ΪʲôҪɱ㣿̫ţе
Ϊʲô˵ͽͶЩǰǲе⡪۾Ӧǵˣ
ѽղ̫͸ͩô̫ΪʲôҪǰģ飿̫ҴͥŮ澣
ʲô»ࣿѪи»ζǸ»ʲôζ
ض̲סЦ˳
ɡ
ͷԵġ͸ңһҼ˸Ҫ˵ʲô
ػɴָжƿĿ⣬Ť
ߣˣǿġͬ㣡ΪѰһأ
ǡضЦĳһģպӿȪ౨
ӿȪ౨ˡ֪СûбţҪ£
ضϵ꣬Ŀ
ԨѾţúϢصġ
ӺӦһ
ػɿƤ񣬲ͷƤʵأ߿ߣ
Ĵߴ£ضڴӴ
ߵػѾţȴһױǰͣ
㻹Ҫʲôػɻ
ضû˵
߳ʺʧ٣ȡ֮Ǳߵĺ⡣
Ѿ֪ʲôˣҲ֪ѹµǷҪʲôط
\˭ˣҲˡ
γͷΣɢҵķ١
˿ȴøողӵֽӡ
֬ȥ󣬾¶һźѪɫĲ԰ӣΨһһҧƵ촽ɰȴɰĿġ
תͷػ˸ơ
Ȼ󡪡
μһ͵ػӡ
ػס죬ȫŶסļС
ɾ˵ҲǳƬ̺ϸϸһ۳ѩ׵ĲϣţѪ֣ѸٻһµѪߡ
Ҳ˼£ǱģѪӡ
Ȼֽӽˮ裬
ҡ޲
ػɲסֱۡ
첻µزµػƫƫʱˡ
ѩɫϸĿʺ죬Ȼ
ҡһҪʲô˵ʲô
ֻҪضĿǰƽҡ

ǻĺӣΧӪȴҹڳ¡
Ľͽɫأ˭˼˭Ҳڹ׿˵
ڣ£βμAڻʵ۸ǰ˵𻰵ĹԱһʣµĻҲټվĻԣ죬˵ʲô߻ӺͰ˻ӷֱվһߣſ޵վסɣٵϣһ꣬׵»ʺûжٵǣһأӡ
ȥʡҵûУٵ۵
ٵһ˵仰ûãߴȫԲɣ⣬ǰС̫ȥʣûУ

С̫ȥ󣬸ߴȫһ߻ٵԡ
£ƻ£ƽ
ٵӶʧٵŮ˵
ǵµĳ׷׸
ǰǹˣһܷ׻ƽ
û뵽ŻɥĲ񣬲ɱֳϵֻڰ梸ϣܹ԰顭
һԷţѾվסˡ
¡¡һҪȾǵĶ
һ취ٵη֣ҧҶ޵Ķһָͷ飬ҲҪǧУ
ʴ˻棿
ٵ͵վȻͷĿ⣬˲俴ڡ
񾩳ڷ£ڡ

ٵۿϵ˺ۣĿѣŭ
ҽҽ
ʡضҪ񣺡ŮТиʵˡ
˵Щˣٵһ˹һŭȵҽأ𣿣
ڸ˹޵ûô
ضߵĸĿ㣬ӡ
ǰ˵˭ҶһָͷҪǧУ˻棿
Ȼ棡ٵŭأҲҪԨҳĹεĶҪôµ֡
ʣŮǱŻȡԨ໤ŮҲûлˡضк㣬˵ģˡ
˵ʲôٵ۵һƬȻУ¶⣺ϯ󣬵׷ʲô
梣ҡ
ضϸĻһڶŶĳ޲
ݶ
ٵۿ¹Ҫѹн˵
칦;ʤǰ볡Ϩ֮ǰʮܵ£켱æ֮̽صУ˯ʱĸָԳ\ƸլƣȰ衣
լĸֳںǼЦʱ
Ϊʱʲôȡլĸָ޹⣿
УܲסԼŮ˵ˣ͵ıƺҪɳܰٱ
ûУѿڶŻعԼı飬ǿЦҪߵķԷдδ顭
û𣿡ػɵȥʮ£Ϻ۲ǲץģҪԣΪʲô壡
ȻԡҧЦڹЩ飬ȥûԵɵҥԡ
𣿡ػɼᶨҲš
ǿЦЩѡ
\ǰȴûˡڽһ̣㱻˴ΣڱҲУ
梣\ģҲ֪ҹҲʣΪҡ
ضΪѹĽƱ˵
öԵʱߵĹŮǰŻǰԶ壬ŻƭӪءɽһһ˸ߵľʯס˶ڣԶ˴ݡ
Ϊ˴򣿡ٵ׷ʡ
Ϊݲʳ֮Ҫݸ𡣶Ȱ˵зΪȫԶ֡
ٵԵһæɨ˼ء
һؿû뵽ᵱ˵Щ**Щ**׵ܵһ¡
ԭΪıǴ¡
ض֣̻¶öȾѪΡ
öӾҡƣҲȴʡŮ´ֻŹͬھ
ٵ˿㵹ѳɶ֣˵Ҳࡣ̾ˡȡһŮӣܱȫԼҡ
ʣضֲĴ
˵ˣǸԭҲΪĻԻ
Ǻ⣿ٵʡ
ضûлشת˵
ɽԵʱ򣬱ս߾ŻӣΪ˽벼ɱֵ塣˹ʮһ书ǿޱȡŻԡѪɱΧ󣬵һʱȡԨǷ˵Ὺ·ʯǰ·δ
ֹ
˵̫ûΧΧȴɫ
˭ȥͩģŶ塣
ٵۺᣬ֣Ŀ䵽ʱζ黹ǹ
ضǣϵˣáڵĵ֮ҳӪǰ
ٵĨᣬȵ˰ȥʲô\ģ޵ǰ
һ¡ض\ˣԳڸЧнʱ䣬ΪԳƲ֪
ҡһ͡
жø»֮ˣѪ֮ʱѪ硣õĸ»ǴӺζ
ô֪ĸ»ĶŭĿЩѵǻҹǰΪ˷ӣΪҪȥֳֺõ£˵֮УпܹǰģǰƴŵľŻӲŶԣ
׵ķƽ첽߽ڣۺһٳضҪˣְˡ
ض
һ̧ͷ̧
˺⣬ȾѪĻ̌һ˽̧ɫף˫գҲգȻѾȥʱ
һʱ䣬۷׷ףüˡ
ô£ٵҲüʡ
ʣд̾Żӵʮһ֮̿һ߹̧ۿһԵĸߴȫɷͷһյƣʬףԻ沿

ߴȫתȡһյȥӵ̨ȼյĻЩ΢ʬ沿
ܲʬǰһĻòԽܡ
Ǻ⣿ʡ
λ˱֪ض
ʬ沿·ض߹ĲŻ֫
ߴȫһոս⿪ʬ½󣬳һ˱㿪ڵ
񾩳ͷδ֮΢رܡ
˶ҪرܣػɵôšҪǿˣ㻹ڤ鲻ɣ
˵û뵽˿ӲʯͷæҾֵ
¹ٲҡ
ػɺһղڷƨ
Ŀ𱸵ؿһۣתͷݺݵػһۡ򲻹ԣ׷ضƨܣʲô취
жˣߴȫȻҲŶ˼
˵ĿⶼʬϽƮɻƣŸߴȫеɨȫҲչ¶˳öƮɵĻƣһ¶ʬϷ
ǡ⡭ǺࣿȺ֮У֪˭˼
ͥǡԣ˻ףΨø»Ļʵ׾ʸԺࡣúͼְ֣ܱ޶ʡضŻӹǰһаٵġˡɱ
𽥿ʼ߳ŭ
֪Щǰ뷨ʲô
ʸѵΪǰ˵֮Упܹǰķǰ梻ŵľŻӡ
˿ɫŭĸֿΪ񾩳Ʒˡ
ˣǲԣ̨
ǰǺʵ߹ôкβԣǲ´ˣõ˽ôŭָҿ׵ܵܣ
㷲
㲻ҵ׵ܵܣضͬ¶ŭɫҲҵ㲻׵ܵܣҲ޷ףǰ¶Ŀ
һ㶣˵ʲô
µ㻹ҪƱʲô
ضͳһӡƮɻƵֽţ
ʮӳǰҵšУֹͷ̫һӤΪųնˣ˽Ӥ빬СµʮӵĸҴͥŮͥ㸲֮ǰǺסʮĸΣܽӤ빬Уڻɵİ£ɵµ˫֮е̥
ҵĵܵڳʱˣվǰģҵ˫ܵܣǰ̫Ӻͺĩĺӣ
ѪӿðѪ˿
˵˵ΪʲôҪң梡׵ܵܰ
׵ܵܡ
ضͥõĻֽˮ
һһ٣ȻƲסеĲ
׵ܵܡͲؿұɽҵİ󣬾뿪
Ҽžûܹ϶ض˵ʵ
ǻֹֽķӡĿ˭ܷľߣ
Է棬µ񾩳Ὣһĸ̥ͬĵܱܵ·
ġܡ
Ȼ˹ץסض½Ŀͨ졣
һŪˡܵġŪѽҵĶӣĶӣĸסܹŪԼĺӣ
ضţֹԣͥУһĵСŮֵΣ֮ܰһ
ɳˮۿ
ĸϦùãġ
ǵġɺһⲻģһŪˡ
ɵĿ޺쳹ʣȴѻȸ
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ûܿضΪƽνǰĽˣףָ㵵װ
Ǹ㾹ȻҰε򣿡
Ѿˡƽ
װϢ˳ŭĿɨĬˡ
ٵɫɣĿɣɨɨȥ񣬷·**ظˣѰϺͷ̫ĵط
ٵ۵̬ȴ̼˸
Ҳǣɫ񣬿ŭǼٵģǸʵĶӣǸǶƭˡңǺҡαǷţϸ飬ţǷӡضǼٵģ
Ϊκ㣿ض
Ϊûо㡪
ž
ضƽһ˦װϡ
һģƷ顣
Ҳ
װ°ͣǿ㵴͵׶Լ
ؿͫδȴ絶
ΪҶİݣɶ׼ҵĵӣΡҵģͱ˸ϡá
˵
ûеˡ
֣װĺˡ
ѩײϺ׵ĻˣΪĺһ˺ѣʺѪԲ°͵Σһ׹档
ʧ

ضתٵ۹
ԸΣûܵһʱè̫ӵļƣΪһ
ͬΪõܡײϣ壬Ϊ
ûоһӦеΣлɳãõܴ·Ϊ
һݵףּᶨ
ﲻ⣬ƾʴ


94 
Ӫﲻ֪δһڵļž
Ҳǣ˵ѡ
ѾҺ;װڵϵضȥ, ȻվһѸٷֱۡ
ʣȾҰ׶, ׶Ӱ, ĸĸңҪĻҲֹ֪, Ҹʲôǰ
ǰһ, Ȼȵģ
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ޱ
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صʹ, ɫƽǽ֮ʵҺ͵Ļ, 
׸, ҧס촽ȥȵװ
ʣĸװһĽߣȪӿİ
ļž, ǰһͥʱ΢游׽ֹīһΡͷıʼ, ΢Щӡ󡣲֪ɷ蹫һ
̲ˮ, Ȼԭֹˡ
뿴, è̫ӵı⣬ûкصϢ
ضӹɫĻֽ󣬴Ҵɨһۣһ̧۱ײضĿ⡣
˫͸·ȥαװһ͡
ӦضѾ˳ëոյͳ·ֻһ˲
أٵ۴ߴٵˣ
΢ԣ΢
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Σٵһ˿ڴ
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ٸţָʾ⣺
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ҲǺˣû۵ĺ̳ȨûУӹԺһǮ͸򷢳ˡô˼ء
ֲżԾԭ̫ӡ
һնһٳӡúݵģöļƣ˵Ƿ̫ӵĶҶš
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²ֹܵܡΪγһõžͳ£ҿʮӳ£ܺϵ
νġ
װĴûֹԷɢϽһ㣬ָͱĵԽԽ
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ٵ۽ֱվţţĬţֽ
۰ĶӣȻֶǶʮǰͱ÷ɻֶ
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װ
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ˣһƽɫսQ޲ϵʡ
һѳɶ֡
ض߳ʱߵװƴͷ˻ߵ޺
梡
ƵĻ棬µĿ޺ǰ
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ֻǸУֹΪ

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ֻᡣ
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ûз֣ԭϻһˣԺٿƲһ

梣Ҷ㣬ԶҲ䡣

Ϊ˱ǰϵѪԴϢ©֦װĴּ⵱ˡ
ʹǰŸߣţһƱȥʱװĿá˺ܾãõֱһʱС̲ŵ
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ٵϣϸһ
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㲻˸梿Ҳҽ˭
Ҳ룺Ժ㿴
ԺҾͲ뿴ˡض½ȥ梿
ֵ֡
ˡ⿪ֱۣϵĵ˺¶Ѿˣ梡
ôڷգ
Ϊڷɧ
ػŶ룬ŭ
սڳΪսҪ˵ڱͷӴܡ

 
95 
ùôضЦȻ, һðա
ԣûÿ춼ǿѬ, ҶҵĶ춼ʺˣ
Ԩۿһƨ棬ı鲻Ρ
ʲô㲡һ㣡ػɵۡ
ǡ
ԨЦһ, ض, һִӺ󻷹ض
, ͷۡ
ػɺŭĿӵ
ҡ㡪Ҫɧ, ȥĶˣôһ硪ܳͷۣ
ţŤͷ϶
ޣ
ضЦ, ԵһȲݸϢϢŭ˭ְ
ĸҲ̷ǡǶ۸ңػίͰ͵ҪҳߣҪӣҡôô
ô۸ˣ
ضҼ簲ο, Ԩ״, ߬סһֻ֡
ҲĸҾıġн䡷, д˰˺, ôְġҲߺٺٺٵЦ, ٺٺٺٺٺ١ˣһܣֻ֪д飡ڱء
ػ, Ĩ˼, ĨɾƺǾᶼԼ, תڰϣ˫
ضæͳ, ˺ͨͨۿᡣ
ΪʲôҪأضʡ
֪
ػһ߳һ˼
Ҹ̶ŰͶˣ
֪˰ĻͿѻˣ
ΪҪЩ£
ΪҶӵë
ΪҪӵë
ǡ룺Ҹͷˣ
ض
ϡ, û뵽ԭ̶
ȡôˣתƻ
̷ⲻϽ, ϰҽѵһԳЦң˵һ˶һȸ˵ҳը𡪡ըʲôڶ죬һֻըһػȭͷոֹסˢسۿߵ鴸һҪĹƤ
ԨϣֳżգǺǡ
㡪
ضæסҪ˵ػɣԨͷϣϽʲôͣ
һͷϣԨһ˳ӣڱ
ūأ
ͷϲһ׶ëڱҴ̽š
Ԩ̷
ػɶŰһƴͭСĵزϵᡣ
һᣬ̷߳
̷μŻӣ¡
Ҫһ¡Ԩ
¾ܷԸ
ߡ
һ߳ſˣ۾ػɱԨź죬˳
Ҫٻʡ
飬߳һιˡ
ض߳ػɿʼ֣û뵽ǣӵĶֻڳһûˡ
棬ƴԨɻ齵ʱֱӰһѴ
ˡץס֣۾Ҳͷϣôң
ʲôģضһָͷ˭Ҳըˣ
͡˵͵ģըҲϲ
һը·˸ҿ
Ԩס½֣梣ˡ
ָֻǷĴϣʲôڹѪ֡
ضװûп˯գ
궨ؿ֡
Ժô
ʣԺ󣿡
ܾúܾáԺԺ󡣡
̫Զˣû
꿴۾ԽգԽ
һĨɫߣƤˡ
۾ѾգȴȻڣ
㲻ô
¡
ضָĲϣܵѪ⣬ԽԽ
Ԩҽɡ
Сֻᡭ֦
˵ضĵġ
Ƴ棬ҽҲ޼¡
Ȼ󾪺˷ڴǾϲ
ѩˡ
ǽĵһѩѽ
һиճɡ
ضƿ߳ϵĴ
ѩ޻Ʈ£ϲû嵭˳ڳѹ֡ڱͽվڳ⣬һϲա
ڸԶһȽһȽյĳ½ˡ
ѩԽԽ
һʼƬƬѩޣ׷ɵĶëѩƬʱ䡣
һöƮƮţһֻ֮Уþòضջ֣ѩݸԨ
Ԩ͸㡣Цըðɣ
á
ѩһᣬȻֺʮָۡ
öľòѩȵһѹת˲Ϊˮ
ģʲôá
ѩƬڲ԰׵ƮţʱʱóյĻһ
ضͷᵽԼϣḧһ΢
Ԩ㻹ô
ܡ
ģʲôĵطҪ߰梡
ġ˯һͺˡ
Ҫûأ
Ǿ͡˯һۣˡ
ϸָᴥŲë
ԨΪĸǰʶңô
ͣȴʼżĬ
Ϊβңʡ
ĬƬ̺ڵ㣬ô

ضƿԡװĹȥ֮ǰʵ棬Ҳῴ˵Ĺ¡һضĹ¡
ִļʮġضС˶˿ɡ
һֱĽҲκɻ
ضıʼµɣضϰߣӦá
żðЩ˽ܵúϰ
ԭǴԽòҲαװ̫ãµıܷӦԭضһֱض
ǰ梶ô
á
ôõģ
ңҡ˵ĸҳԡӦҡҡ
ԨǰֳŮЦա˵Ц⡣
Сưͣÿ򸸻밲󣬻·ժǹ
ң
Ҽˣ㡣
Уһֱչ⻹Ҫҫۡ
ԸºܸпĶԴҲҪһһδӵصӳǽǣ£ӰӰ֮䣬ֻΪԶԶһ۵ҫۡ
ϫūһֱĚϫūʲôģ
ˣĸá
еĚϫūʮ֮һ
ԭɱЦ˵Сưͣ͸ĵøԡ
һֱ㡭ȴû
һֱһֱû
ҩؽļ䣬ǵõԽԽ٣ԽԽ٣ض˼άͬʬ⡣
ʲôˣȴǵãҪضĸ֮Ϲǰǿô
ʲôأ
ǵˡܲǵˣȻÿ춼
𣬿յĹ߳ˣһ̧Σλʧ߾ͷ
Ԩͣãǧںйֹζߣڣֻһ䣺Բ𡭡
ˡ˫ۣƵңҲ㡭
ս֡
ƽˡ
ԭϺȻһƵѩů紺߳洰ɴ裬ڰѸڡ
ôȻԼĦơ
䡣Ԩڣ梾Ͳ䡣
ȵԴԴȶȣޱС
κ˶Ҫϵǿġ˭˵Ҳ䡱ţ˵ĻֹסҪš
ԭˮһֻǡ
ˡ
Ҳˡ
㻹𣿡ʡ
ˡضļһ춼㡣
û˵ɫȻġ
ãû˵󣬾ضΪ˯˵ʱȻ
梵Ժ󡭡Ҿͺˡ
û˵˵
Ǻһ£ѾûжԺˡ
˯óضȴ˯š˯ڼ䣬ЩƳƵƤߣѵʱ򣬹ƳֻƽϢȥ
ЩƳ֮ʱɱʮһ˵Χȴ֮ղˣ
ѾδΧ䣬ֽ鱾һ飬ҲƳĺۼ
̷˵ҽ
ҪѰҽطר֢ҽΪʺϡ
ֻһͱ뿪񾩣һȥٻҲҪһ
һʱ䡭
ضǰ޷˯գκ̾˿
ˣ˭Сأ
͸
һ˵ġ
ضһ˯⡣
һ߾׹磬һҪ뾩һʱЩʲô
ݴ۸ӵĵطƣ˵ƢŹֵҽι⸴ʮݺӦԴģΰԨݾȴƫƫû뵽
һ˯һֱûѹ


96 
, Ԩʼջ˯ˮײضֻôʪ, ѵ촽
̾ĹƳʱʱ, ʱ, ̵ƻ, 磬Ʊ
̸ȡͷ̵ʪֽ, ϸմˮšֽضȻ
С
̳
Ϲپ
̶˶, ŵйƳ棬ҽҲûа취֪ŵкĹƣŹҲ˲¼ɡŵʲͬ, ˵˵Լأ
Ի, ˴ǡ
ֹ, ˮȥˡ
ʡµȻ߽, ض, , ̵ա
Ԩ, 
ʶĶˣպͲĹƳȴС
ĺҥһ, һߺ߳е
ĺ߳, ƤµĹƳԽԽ, ֱֹ˲԰ɫ͸촽˯պֻѰһΡֻһΣȳøãõ֪ʱѵʱ
ְϹپμ
Ϲپض

߳ſˣϹپųһƺ˽Ƭ̺󣬳һرգϹپͷϸϵˣкβʣ
ضӣֻͣϡ
ԺƳ棬֪٣
Ϲپһ㶣ɵְԹƳ֪١δʵ
ǼΣ
ǼְΪһҽߣȻȫоҩҩҽȱʧĲࡣ
ض
ϹپƬ̣ǰϵֻʣһ롣
ɡ
ضջϵ֣Ƭʱ䣬ɫ˳ٶȷӿ
Ϲپһ߰ĶһЩҩ䡣
Ŀ⡭
ҹŻ㣬˹ƶˮδʲô취޷ȥƳ棬ҲҪ취ЩʳСض
ϹپһܵĴһ֪Խʱ򣬾ԽҪʶְۣɷΪŻһ
ɡ
ϹپС
ʯ䣬ԭ˯ѵȻסϹپӣ֮Ϲپʱ
ԨɣضȥϹپ֡
һԵĽҲǰæضĳͷ£ڴϹپ뿪
Ϲپ˵һ߾ҿԣͨ죬δؿ˫۽յꡣ
ض֣סһְֻס侲Ϲҽ
Ϲپɵɵš
ȥΪ̼
Żع¿齡ָԨʱȻ¡ڣŻȻ֮ɿܣĳȴԴħÿһ֮ġԨܽʶľŻʶһ͡
ɫϹپָ¹ƺܵ˻Լ¶ȡ
ڹ۲Ҳڹ۲
ջָ֪ͷ󺹡
ְɷ⿪·
ضƬ̡
ŵµʵЩְ֣ҶۡϹپͷ
ԨǰͲԸ˽ҩ֮ҲΪ¡
ضߵԨüͷûչҲڲ졣
˶٣ȳȥա
Ϲپԣ
ҩ߳߳ضߵҪôңҪôԹԲԼѡա
˵ֳ꣬½ȥ
һ̣Ԩַ۵糸סĲӡ
̱ɫ
ض治ɫӵϡ
͸֣
Ƭ̺ضϵֻηηȥ
˯Ʋ·հС
бѹװʲôβǡضѹĲ㡣
һ½ǰϵһĻһ͡
ϣ鲼Сָȵĵڡ
ģûģģڵģĵڣؿڡ
ضź·ߴͷ£ͷ˺ۻ˺ۡ
̽˫֣һؿ
ضü
̵㡭
üض
̶˶٣תһԵСҳһѼӣͷ׼ԼСĵصݸ
ضżӣ۵䡣
ϱۣǵڡ
ǰۣ۱鲼
ôˣʲôʱܵģ
Ϊܵģ
Ѿ˿һⶼǸˣ˶ڵĴˣôˡΪʲôôˣΪʲô˵
ض޷Լǰʵؿĺȥ
ǺبϷһ̣ªŤһߡ
ָҪɫߵһ˲Ƕ˿еĴߺһ
Сģ˹һ֡
ؿ궯ĺɫŤŤˡ·ǰ˲ľ꣬ȽĻþ
㿴𣿡ضʡ
̳ĬһΪѡ
ضϹپ
ڱƿ߳ţվһԵϹپϹٴˣɡ
Ϲپҩ߽߳ڡ
˵ضǼೡϹپҲǰ𾪡
ܿعҩΪԨⲿ˿ڡһӽԨ壬Ще裬ǰŤ
Ϲپٶ裬Ҳⱻŵúһ׵ֽ߬ҩ䱳
ضĿҲ̶õϣƽ
ЩƳ棬סĳѪڡ
˿ǴĹƳ棬С˿СĹƳ档
ÿһ裬ǹƳ滯
ְְȡһֻƳ棬֪Ϲپ
ȡض̧
Ϲپһᣬҩȡһ롣
ְɷһԣ
ضͷϹپ壬һӴ裬кһͬ
һԭѾʼϵ˿ֿʼӿĿѪ
ϹپϽ룬ðȻ̼ԨϵĹƳ档
ɫأҩȡһСܣռһЩ˿ѪҺ
֪ƽ˭ڷ̾ŻӣϹپ
ҡվ˳
ϹپϸϸһЩ̼ϵע˵
ְ˴Χδ̫ҩҩߣֻȿһЩҩ塣ڻؾ֮ǰҪͷ֤ŵµĽʳǵºȲҩ«֮п½ʳ
Ƴһ±иˡض
ְ֣̿ضȫԸ
¹ϵش󡣡ӽ£Ļ̻̣žŻйƶ»ҥԡ
Ϲپ
ְһؿƿ
áض΢ЦԺʹٹҪϻˡŬһѣ˵ܳΪʷΪ̫ҽԺԺʹ
Ϲپѹļ̫ҽԺ˲űְѲ԰ֻԸҵҵغñ֣Աºͳʮ֮һ
̫ǫˣԺʹҿ㡣ضЦļҾ컹סڱ»У࣬˳㡣ڶһԺӣŲסҲ˷ѣ·ͷȥаæǨ
ְֻߵл֮
ǰƮȻʱȵףϹپ˿Σ¿˸ͷ
ǹƶһй¶˵ԱҾҲһ
ҪˣϵĳȻʣ
ԺʹһķӺ󣬱öˡ
̼ææ
ضδţȥʱԺʹһлɡ
Ϲپһ㶣ְ޶ۡԺʹķӱְҲշ͸շʱйһҩ
ضһ׵Ḷ̌
ˣǱǴˡ
Ϲپ˳߳ϳһƥСӺ󷽶ȥˡ
ڱĹ߳źһƬ
תͽϵӴ⴫ȼյĻһΣضް
ÿճԵҩ
ÿһ֣ͬԼһ
ɳƣβȻ沿飬ƽԳ֡
ô
ͨһ˫ϥ£ɫ԰ס

㡭˭ܾҵҩܻɣ

˵ģ̣˵
̡
Ȼ̫Ӻֹ֮ͽժǹôشðƻǴʲôطģ
˵ʲộ˫翪ʼ
»ԴͷձϦùþͼʱɱẒ̌ɫƽ˭й¶Ϣ

ĻԣʵϦùڴص˫̥֮һģװǼٵģժǹһģԨǼٵģɼȻ°µĺͬ˵ǸӤûԼ˿ܣ̣˵أ
̺ᣬ͵سضȥ̴û˺ԸΪ˹ȥ
Ŀͷ쳹߳
ԸΪģЧȴǼٵġض
̿ĵøݺһ㽿öſǻ̶췢ģʼڹǰԹ£պҲԲᣬýвԸص̶޶ģһԣūԸ֮أٲ
ˡض
ڵأʿ
㻹סضҺͻ·ˣЧǱҡ
ǡǡ̧ͷ˫£ĸס
ҵĸңҡض
ϥǰǲẦġΨһŮ´С۰ôúǱ֤ᱣԲ˺һë
ҵԨ
ضڷŭ
νİĻףҵˣѪιңǧٿ׵ɱΧңԼȴԲѵˣңæԨͿ޶ԣضŭɶظ֪ǰʲôôܹģѪιң
̵ͷūū澡ūûа취ūԸԼѪū澵ͷѪū澵Ѫûãūʲôū澲ܿŹһ˥ȥ˵
ҳϵıֻиһˡҵı´ûж˵ʲôضһΣҺͻɣҪվ˭ߣ
ūֻվڹߡ̿޵
ٻش𡣡ضŬƽ̴ֽӵϷ𡣡ҺͻɣպͻŻɣڴǰķϣһƽ뿪պʱ
̲˵ֹ꣬ȥƴͷδδ£ʪǰһСƬء
̴ˡ̴ˡҰɣôͷԣɱūҲԡūҲ뿪Ҫߡ
ҪǸöҵض
ֻǿš
ֻпĴ֮ԼΪԸ˽
˫ԽϵˮԽԽ
ضзᣬϿḶ̌ǿԼȥ
ˡһضȫһ͵תȥ
ϣ۾
ûͿʼɥ
ض£ֲҷ˵ˡҲȻ֮䣬СǱʧõСˮǣضСһ񲻶Ծ˯˹ȥ
ԨоôˣˮôڱϹپ
ӳӰӹ
վĵһ·ڱΪ˿ƥСӺȥˡ
ǡʲôأԨŹڵϣҿĽ̡
ضû˵Ҳû˵
΢ȵ֣££ǰ·
㿴ңҪҸˡ
ضĿ½͸ǵ裬ɬѹѡЦȴ޷ӦڴЦ
¡̵ת˫ϥ򣬳ؿȥ¡ū澶ԲūԸһгͷū澲ԭ£ֻϣҽڹ
ǻҲںɳƵΪ˰梣Һúûš
¡ʹ޵¡ū澲ֻ֪Ǹң˻ӪͬūΪ

ū֪ˡҲˡ
ض̾˿ա
̿ŲʹֱضӲӵ
Ȼ£ôĻһҪʵҡضǺ𣿡
̸һԥض·͸ĵߣæǡҵĸǰΪûۣײңšҲˡһ١
㣬ɻа𣿡
ū澲֪ûˣӦûˡ̲ᣬҭݡǰÿ磬ǲͬˣú֤ݡ
֪ڳеǰ𣿡
̵˵ͷū֪ˡ
гڱ֪ȥ졣
ǡ
һ£㷢Ĳ˵ѡ
ʣһ˵ٻ˵ٻͽҡ
ض޼ó
̵ɴ۾
ضҲ͵סߵ֣ض
ӹɵؿẒ̌ᶨİɡ
̿ɫִŵضֿŭԨ̷ģǽԹһٻн̺͹һ޼ó
ԨϵĹƳ棬Σ𣿡
ضýϵĲɢȥˡ
ģϵĹƳ棬ǺرǬơͥ׾ø»಻ͬ
˵
ֻк̫Ӳʸʹá


97 
ƳҲ֣ضʡ
廨, ʵֻ֣Ǭƺơ˵ʱһ˿ԺֻǬƲܹ˸»ҩ
ض꣬ƿĿ⡣
˸»ࣿ

ضҲ, Ҳ, մժǹһˣⶼŹһˡ
Լ, ԼԺˡ
Ҳµġ˵
û, ¡
һ
ֻһܵˡ˵
ĨڴĹȻš
, Ϲپˡڱ
ض, Խȥϴ˿Ц
ǡ˲۾˳ȥ
աض
Ϲپҩ߽, žŻӲΣԤûϵһžͼɫԺתľŻӡСĵ̧ĺԣߵϡ
Ϲپ, ڱİ, ؾصؽָԨ
һᣬջְֵҽ꣬δ漣Żǰǳʵ, ʧѪ˲Σ֢֮, һ, ȴȫתˡҾҾ֣ŻӼ, ֻҪǡ
ضԣŷ²ġ
ϹپɫԥؿԨǰְȡһֻƳȥУδɡְţƳӦûôܣ֪¿ɷȡһֻƳ棬ñְоҲƽƳ֮ء
ͬϹپԤϵһ˽ӽͻᱩĹƳ棬Ԩȥ˺ʱ򣬼ûеֿ
˺Ƥһ׾ٵ˺չʾضġ·˿ϵĹƳ档
ƳһȥϵķǵѪɫԭһͨƤƤ뿪䶯
ϹپСؽƳʱضüѪ˿ڡ
ϹپдµõҩƵر뿪󣬽ҲϴˡضһˮιԨȥ
ͳˮضƳܻã
һʱ̿϶
ض룬ͷŻȥϹپҾӻУ㰲ڱѺͬɡǶլۡٽǑк£еŮӦϲ

ضһ¡
ʣ
Ѿ̬ضʣգգʪ۾һҪģȲص⡣
Ǻݣضʡ
ֹѽҲۡ
ǰ۵ţѿڶʶףæĿΪΨһĵչͥʱᳫڼÿһٽڣȴСʱʱʱ칬磬ٽڵĹأ£ðڼΪСо˵һ׮Ȥ£һϳ糯һ룬СץŲ˹ܽ˽ǵҪ׽ЩֻۿЦСճˡ
СٴһЩ󣬱뿪ˡۻһŮԼᳫԼ˵˽µޱ͸СѰʮ弰ǣͷţСʮӵзˡ۴ͷš֡Ů֮ԡֻϧλ΢״δ빬Ҳֻܴ˿ֹ¼
ԣ㲢δͥеֹضһѪָ⣺ô
һ㶣˼ǡ
ضתʵνʮĸǷŵģ
˵ʮеαġ
\˵Ƿ̫Ӻͺֹ֮Ůʮеȴƣ̫ӺͺֹµһӤҲ˵ԼǺĩ֡
ض˼
֡һڷ̫ӸУһժǹС̫Ӹеġ֡Ѿժǹеġ֡ţֹķӡ
̵ıѾˣϵԨ˵ûʲôϱȴʾѾ뵽һ
ضеķӡʮӵĸ
Ϊҿšӻ
ûض͵ؿһۣʮĸŵĶ޷Էжĥɱ¿ţҪʲôȥͻɽҪʲô֤ݣЯӤݣ
ӡ̻ع˲䱳һǿţֹķӡ
շӡðƻôɱʲôˣΪλȣǺ˭һӣ
ڳ֮ˣûܹش⡣
Σֻлɲ֪ˡ
һָоĸжֶҪ֡
һĴ˷ĩ·Ҳֻ½ӺͼװϴĽ
ֽ̣ҪǹһԵԽ򣬽ЩҪԹҲˡ
һضͷضһס
ԻΪ֣мǱȻ¡
²㡣ȥˮԨ
ȥ
̼ڱ֣æ˳ȥ
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ˡƳ
˵ٴΣҪ˵ضŵɣô죿
ġ֣˵㻰ֻҪ梻ڣҾˡ
ֻҪڡ۽ͣ˫̹ηĺɫ˵Ҳˡ
ĿȣĿתؿֻֽֽ
Ҫڵʱ򣬽̶һˮ˽
ضӹšõĽӣգԼ
ˡ̵˵
ǰѵԼģضѽǰ˵ݣΪǸϰߣ֡
Ԩ̷һۣĿʱúɿ˳߳ĵعغ˳š
ǰŸߣţ˹
ڵ½¶һƬʵţ߰ĺͺϷЩСָȵĴˣͬǻСߡ
ضû˵ȿסָ
ɤһ˿еİƣԼ𣿡
һΡСɽδӰӾһ
ͷ̻¶ľ׳ţ̧ͷֱӣ˫ں͸˷ӿУļһ޴ƾ
ضȻӰ
ġ
סƳһۣһ֮еģ
දкôض
̾˿¡
ýӸϲ˵һѣ̾˿
ضûĹӵϣʵﲻ
ĵ梲ңﶼ
ض
ùĽӣû˵ĵطһ¡
ضȴʹƵƺһ
ôˣҴ˿ˣæ½ӣʵ
梻ҡ
ض˿˭
ŽϲȥԽԽء
ûһ⡣
ֱۣˣѾõĵطѾȣµƤʵۣ˵ı˿ڣ˫ۺǰء
ضеĽӽѪ߲
ǰǴ˵һȷһ޵ĵڣ鲼źС
ضһʼСıܿɫƤģĽӼβСĲ衣һʧȥƽĽϲ
ǵ̣˿ڣΪµġ
ذףԼһһµġ
ΪѪʱʲôأ
ģڰ˯Ϊ켺ֲ
ڷ䣬Ѱҷ޺͚ϫūԴ
һ˺׳ǰֻΪ׳ɾ裿
ĺԽ٣αװƽܸܵǱۡ
梡ڿڡ
һ䵽بؿڵĵϣضǡˮеηʹ
æȥЩۿζˮȴĶӶ
梡˵
ضδţֲֻԼĹ
ԽŬմȾˮ˿Խࡣ
ض
ͣ
Ϊסýӵ֣Ϊǿ̲ס᳹׳ǷʶۣԸпʧȥԳֵԼ
ˮգһνһεᣬ°ġ
Ӳ֪ôᡣ
ԸЩԼϣ٣ֹ
һů
梡
ᱧ
һֻܹ׾۶ϱ˲ӵĴ֣ͷСظ
֪Ҿ͸ˡ˵١ʱͲؽ㰢梡
˵˵˭ҪҰ梡
˵ǵժǹûг֣Ҵӵص뿪֮󣬽ֻʲô
ʲôܱʲôģţһص񾩡صĵط
մˮ˫ֻ󱳡
᲻֪ƣš
Ҳš˵
һʯٵķԼԼ
ûû½ӺͣƾһװԪİǱ֧żʱ
겻ɢڱҹ
һ˽Ӵϱ⣬һһϣ˳ӿ
˫֣ڻ֣¶ơ
ΪҵСǡɵϡ
ɵһЩĺá᲻á
˶١
ضӵ᲻úײǣ
ı
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98 
һ޼ʵĲԭʮգʱ, ͣ
¼յСѩֹͣ, ض߳ŷ硣
ԼߡԨ
ضһץס֣ܵҹŷ˸, ʲôܣ
졪Ԩһͼ̫ջ֣ΪʲôһҪţ
һ뱻, һ, ΪƸʺϲ˷ŷִһʱ, Žף屦ķƽһ˳
ض۾һ, һؼ׵ߵǰ
ְμŻӡ
֪ͬö, աضЦ
Ԩŵϥصķƽ޲, ȴضʱ, ˲佫ּе¡
ƽһ̧ͷ, ͿǵֱۡЦһ, ɻ
ͻǵý, ǰδ
֪ͬѲӪ𣿡ضЦùʳ
, һı۰Ͱǰ۸סˡ
ضһԿȥ, ŵֻߵϣ¡
ƽͷصְѲһ֣ȥʳ\δץ鰸, ǶЩ, Էǡ
ضлĶ, ʵ֪ͬ, Ѿգ֪ʲôطˡжòܳԭ
ƽϸϸػش⡪Щϸˡڱ۰µԽܵѹȡ
ضŬӺǰһҧסǰۣϸӿ״
ÿնڳڣҲµúͱϼӿܣֹһ̽˶û쳣
µúûʹ߽
ʼʹǼ֮ͣˡ
µúĺԸȴʮ־أԵ䲻ģмֿء£ݣҲˡضü⼸Σ
¡ƽüͷ壬Ҳʶڡ
Ĵ£ûзķ
ضʣµúڳʲôط
Ϊ˸ϸӣµú͵ںβɽرء
Ǳͷ֪ͬ˺ͳоβٰµµ֮߳󡣡
ƽҾְֵףȥ졣
ƽ뿪ض꣺֣
ԨƳһۣȻֱһǡ´λҡ
߳һᣬԨ糣ͷȴһ㱡麹ضأһƽ̫ɹͷΡԨǻȥա
ԨӺӦһ
߳ʱܾڱܾʣǰǰ߳װûпĵһ
ѾںתˡοԼ
ţοϹپҲ˵ֻҪ֮ǡ
˻صڣշֵšųԶԭϵֿʼˣϤ·
Ϊ뿪ͩΧԵʣڵ·˻ḻп⡢ѼҶ˿ʳˮҲżм
ضԼһӰȣһӲҶס⡢׷Ĵӻ˻ǰ
ʲôԨü
Բ¡ˮ
ضʢпܽʯ˵ǰ߰˿ʶ֭ѩ棬ɫ޵ɫף˾ʳ󿪡
ԨͬķݶԨڼɺһ붼ġ
̼״˵ȥЩˮɡʲô̽ȥʳʱ򣬿˼ϡ
ءضǩһ棬öȶ³̣ǶþбáҳԵò࣬Щ㹻ˡ
ֹȻ뵽ʲôҴ뿪߳
һᣬ»ص߳һܽʯ롣
ҿʯǣһûʯƵضǰ˵ⲻǽȥŷҪģ԰ɣ
ŷҪģǴģض
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Ϲپҩû֪ǸονĺرǬƣԸϹپҩڰ˿ϡ
ѵͣǬôãΪʵ۲֣ƫҪ̫ӣ
Ϊ
һʵӵеѵõĸˣʵҲˣ
ڳۣƭ˿ԣƭС
ضһ˼һ߳棬֪Ѽס
꣬˹ͷеҲ仯Ƿѵİ跹ı·ĥ
ϸ룬ƺûʲôϲĶ
ûƫʳûƫĻûƫĽ鱦ļӴ˯ãޱε֦Ҳ˯áƽճǹعľ˯
Ԩ°ͳģȥݣʲô
Ҳʲôʲô
ڲʲôʲô𣿡ضʡ
һۣʲô
ض˷δƻ渵ȴȥѰ̷˵ҽ˳װİ磬߷áһСݾľУԼ˴̫ȭȴһһĺ֡״١
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ԨÿĿ⿴
ض̾һĵ㲻
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Ŀ֣עֻܶܡ
ԨһӻضԨЪϢգ梳ȥһᡣ
ȥĶ
һδȥ򸸻밲һͻ
ٺض߳ٵȥ

䲹ʱȥ󣬳̡
ƵĻʼҳǧӵºƺƵǰС
һᴫɫսβһŽգѻȸǰս
ʲôʱˣôƶᴫԸµú͵Ʒ֪µ֪ͬ
Ҫƶˡ֪µǳ˻ûô
ᴫüǽѵ˻ĵô˻ǿЩѺȥ֪ͬ𣡡
ͣ͡
ᴫһߵߣƴһͷµúһŰǰ̧һĿڴϡ
ʮյµúѾȥһͷڷҲûף˺Ȼʮһ㡣ʵԽA뾩ʱµúǸ߸ϵģϵ
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˴ߴһǰȥ
ߣ֪±һڡ
ơֲ֪֪֪ͬͬͬʲô
֪ΧȥŭЩֵ¼ʿʲôԼȥ
ˣһ˫Թ˳֪ͬæӹɫ¶һĨڡ
⼸գˡµúޱ
С˷֮¡
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СƶһߣʲôԵģΪʲôûз񣿡
СһãȻ²֪
֪üͷԽԽĶ
СĩβһȺָ
һȺ˴ԹʮŴֲVָ֣׳ɵرڲԭϣʼպͳάŲԶľ롣
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Ǹ˶ˣ֪ɻ
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֪ȥʮ˿ʼ̣˴֮ľۿɼ̡
鵶ʣɣҪ֪ʲôмʯͷ

߳ڣٵ۱ضЦ
¾ôɵˣ
ɲôضЦС˵©죬ֱҲڹ
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ٵ۸ϱǣ̾˿ݻյ
ˮת޴ǰЦ̫ˡ
ѾĻ²ܸı䣬õķ롣AҲк·ôض㵹ǰҲãô˻ᣬһĵأ
Լŵٵ۲̾˿˵ٶ֣˿ġޣλò⣬ҲûбԸˡ
ض㵹ڼʲع˼ǵ뷨ˣһ£ӦõǬ
ٵ룬ˡˣŻиģٵۣͬ١ڲͳ˴˷õĻʵô
ضĳʸƺţҲϣͬ١ֻҪһ죬޵񾩾һ졣
ʡ
ε飬ʵ޾ƣΨһˡٵֱ֣Ѿʮˣ뿴иˣܷӱԼԼѡһ˳۵ģҪǵ¡
ٴ̾˿ֵûġ޻ڣĻ¾춨һԺʲô⣬Ҳ
׳꣬Ҫ˵ЩĻˡԼԼŰƤûġضٵ۵Ķӡ
Ǳģ߳ڵ˷׷ŴߴȫҲΪ˿
ͨʵۣǡϵˣ
Ҷٵ۲ͨʵۣƽԸɢүĻʵۡ
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һ˻ڳȻ𣬴˳ںڵķΧ
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99 
ƽ, ߳žʹڴˡ
񾩳߳߳, ٵۺʹܹܸߴȫ˵, ûڵ֮ǰ, ̬, ˭Ҳûע⵽ˡ
֮󳤹ȿʻƽҲûеκβס
, µú͵ʮµӣʮһа, ֪д, ðȻս, һٽȫ, ǰնͷ­, µú͵С
ʾΪٵɫһס
ĳأضüΪֱܵǲ֪Ϣ
ƽ򡭡ȫʧȥϵ׶༪١
µúôֺǰˡٵ૵», Ͳϸ׿𣿡
¡ְΪ±кСûкôͺµú֣ȼü֮, ᣡ
ٵסˣ˶ʮܻʵۣ֪ʲô, ζᡣ, ʶԵŮ
ضɫ, Ŀȴȼᶨ˰ģ, ֪ģٵҲһʼľʧ
´ǰٵۿڵټӹߣʿ߾衪

һ죬ȾѪĴűһƥʧ뱼ߡ
űţ٣սܣ񹤺ʿо
ƽɫ䣺ֻʮˣôܵô죿
ʮˡűشˣԼһǧˡ֮ǰµֹ
ٵһߴȫæסɫ԰ףողȶľ񱻳׻顣
¡Ѵ
뷢԰׵һƥϣ˫ַɫٵ۸ΪҰס
Ӻ򣬺ȻսĹ
һ̱ͣˡ
һʵۣһΪ˷ɽϹһȴ壬жĥɱ¿鲻˵ݶӺ׶ȫʬ
ҵʣӷͬΪµúͰϼҪ۵һΪ޺ӡŰɱҶȴң⣿
ʵۣ㲻ʣҲ壡
ضĿ߳ȥؽӴѹѹʿǰƽ
ӵʿֻ΢һѪĵ㽫ǵȫ롣Խµú͵شǰ
µú嶦ʢʱڣҲ
ֵ߳ĺ׾ֻһĿܡ»ࡣ
ֻи»ܴһѹեȫ
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ʵۣڷųҵĸףһɿڹȥϣһ·Ҹһëµúŭȵұ壡
ٵۻϾŭӣˡˡ
µúʹʴʷŵù񫣬ϸס塱ս޵һʺ󣬰һֱͦͦ
ۼߵҪµԴһǧһ֮ʴ߱һѽ׷Բԣ
һ߳ǰ߳£̬սˣ¼̶ᣡ
һԱҲػ򶨣Ҳϲ԰סһȺ˾ۼٵܱߣٵȫĵطҲߡսͬѰûз֮ı߹أҲڰȫ˷һս޷ᣬԼҪҪǧ
ǧ˶ˣû浽ΪƴӮ
ο˵Ҫǲ嵶ǹĹ
Ǳ翥ޱȣһܵǣֻǧͨʿʤڣ
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˶ٵۡ
ٵ¹£Ҫó⣬һƬհס
͵֮ǰ֮ǰطϴӦıأ
ͨ帮ƽиյڸ飬ǰȻ;ϣҲҪԺ󡪡
պ󡪡գ㹻ǧԵùͷʣ
ҡǻжʿٵ۲
ûս񹤣ӵСعơǵľǧ
ٵЩվסˡŸߴȫǰۣ۾š
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ضɫƽƽҲΪ˷ðһξһ֮գ
ƽԥְԸΪ˷ΪΪΪ°ְ޻ڣ볤
ضժﴩĵƽ
һǰฮôƵм̻ķֲ½һ֧ӣ֮ǰͷӦ
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AĴ󲿶ѾֻʣǧҪͻΧܴҲࡣض˵һȫǱ֮ԡǰһ
һһƽȴҲˡ
ΪضҰģµģ˵˶
Ϊ˳ӣʲô˼ΣһѪҲһṼ
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˸õʱˣڸ裬λؿضʩ֪Ĳ
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ǲɢ񹤷ڻ֮ͻΧټΪµĲΪ˲Ѫ߽޵֮ˣǶϵµĽƱġ
ɡ
֣䣬ںض
֣һ㶡
ضɨۼ߳ԵˣϷ治ͼҴ˷ˣ³ҵɱʮ꺮Ϊѵǽţı淴񿴸̰Ц
ԭϿϮݻƵĺ˷ӿϡ
Ů˱ڿаڷ糾Ū۴䣬űŭԶȥ
ʱҾ֮ģڶģ֮£ѣ
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һʱ䣬˷ĸ߳ܡ
ضתٵۣԾ֮ϥݡ
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˪
븸ʼּ
ٵۻعٸнؿŹǰŮ
غŮ
жҲһ󽾰
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һ
սƬ̺µú͵ٶ
ʵۣҸұҪʬΣ꣬ҪΪӪˣ
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
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ıż˫ۣˮĹ鳷ɢ
ˣˣˣ
һжϵоٶӵıȼϣĻѡ
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µúĽʿооԿͬһӡ
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УҶɽĳ룬ɱҵˣѵҪЩ
µúͻδ䣬һذײĴϡ

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100 
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紵ݻƵĲҶ, Ҳó˷ҡ
߳ϣߴȫһ𳵡ٵ۹õʳΪһֽ֮߳˫С, 硪ܴӳϲµװﶼԥ߳
֮һоĵнһ, ûԸԴС
һһսСĴűߣŵоѪֶѹ̰Ʋ, ԽԽѾʼŮˡ
Ļ̻̣Σ
ͼ룬ضһ, ءءһһߣԽϥǻָ, ѹסͼֽ
, ֻΪоȡһְԸһӶϺ󣡡һ
ҾֻʣǧˣлһЩбܽǻ߱׽, 佫Ҫһ, Ƿ̫׵
һŭſ˵ĴӶƷ뽣ǽҴ˲źã
뽻λΪ, ֶӼɡ
һЦˣҪҴʮȥоӲӲ
Ʒ̲齪ڵ֮ⲻǽʮ˼о, ǶϺ, Ҳ֪λΪʮЩӦھƼѵķϣΪ밡
һ⵹һҴɫף̲ȴװȥ
Բס
һ壬ڳԵƷ󽫾Я˼лüʮ̫ˣ˵𲻵κӵонٶȵЧ
Ȼ𲻵Чǲڳϡ
һŭӣҾڵоٶȡ˵ܵͷˣӸĽ궼ûҪ׷ϣ
ٵôΪϹεĶ磬ȻκʦѾ˵ˣٳʱž硪ȷתΪ磬ǵٶȾܽһ
ٵҾҾ֣ʵ£յӣ˵ò쿴ڱϣٹһʱ̱ǰ˷򡣡
ٵ۶߳һյͼˣһ˫ɻĴ۾ĵĽãȻ̫ѧ֪ͯ
ôˣٵһҪǽľٶĿͶȥЩͼǵֽ
ܼӿٶȣоѵܣ㲻ƺķһģˡˣǲһжˣ
㲻ҪΣ
Բ顣ЯأҾȫ򶫷˺ķ䣬ȶһͣ
û˵ߵĻ˶оΧƺ󲱾쬵ķ硣

һŮ˳ڽ֡
ְڣһҾִ
ضʹ侲Ŀⶨͼ಻ԶĺС졣
һӣͣ
һ䣬һ˵ҲǶһʮˣⲻһܲʮص鶼δ֪
ͬʮ˵ĸӲ˵о˵ĸӣһԡ
ض˵仰ʱ򣬾ԼȽ֮м֡
ˣһȻԥ۹£
ְ
һضһ¡
ϥȥԣ
㡭һҪŻ
һͣƬ̣Ӵǣ
һƥڳͷ˻һѵԶȥˡ
ض˰ʹ̫Ѩų̈һ䣬ͻ
һеĽһߵ⴫ȥˡ
κʦһ䣬ı޹ǰ

ĶԻԼԼںض佫
Ὣ׼ȷгĹְ¶
ְڡ
ҲľŻӲһˣɷһˣҰѾŻӺ˽ߣ
佫Ҫ뿪üˡ΢ԽѾвˣΪ˲ߵٶȣѾʼ߳ǡǲٶ࣬Ҳܵӵ
ԡض
ǣǫ鼸䡪
佫ͷȰѽͻٽӾŻӹա
Цݽϣ
ضͷҲ̧飬ߺá
ĿڲԸĽϣκٵͶȥѶȴûõκλӦĽվɫѿ佫뿪ˡ
ضͼͼλٵۣӵվ
߳ڿտյ˵ϵͼС죬ٵһյ໨ɲ豭⣬Ѿʲôʣˡ
߹ˣĴǰվ
һ·ӱޣݻƲԭԽԽԶϿȿĶӰشϡ
̫δɽбѾҹ⡣Ŀţ̴ָ⣬ҪΪϡ
ءضڡ
һȺǰ¶һ˿κһ˶ǿΧͼָ㽭ɽȨ
һģȴ˵
糾ڣӵصĹϼռݰƬգĿУӲӵбƺ׹
һƲȥĲʼУ·һֻĴ֣߬бһͬȥ

佫Żӵ⣬ݳԲ˴˳ּ⡣
ڱæʡ
佫ƥùŻӺһһƥ
Żӻ˯ţūͽȥ뽫ҿŵ㳵ڱ
佫ͷڱ˳ڡ
ԨŴ߶Ŀⶨߣ֪ʲô
ڱߵʱ⿴һۡ۵ĳ֮Уһ߸Ŀ
ջĿ⣬佫Ļתһ顣
֪ˡ
Ԩ֣ܿԼŴվ
һθܵƨζڱϰΪջ֣˶ڱԹӸ̫࣬Ͳһˣ춼Ϊ¿ġ
ȥ˵һٵͶˣǻʧҵĿ־塣
룡
ڱΪԼҵֵ˦һߵǰԨƿյĳš
ɣǺõģ
ڱϲ̵ؿžŻ̤ţ߳ȴſڣһˡ
ŵ£ڱɻ
Ԩûʣվǰƾߵ˫ƣһԵὫ
佫ԣΪԼʧǶԷ졣
սһҾ񡪡
ˣŻӿڣͳɤͬһƽĮ
⡭
˵вף˵Ҳף佫ûϵŻһôֱ˵⣬һʱԭأ֪
佫ķӦѾԨ֮еĻش
ǺΣðָժķգ˽ȥоߣ
жˣ
ҡ
Ƕˣ
佫ò׼òʵԱͷ߳Ϊѵĺ飬ɵǧ
Ԩ͵ڱ϶Ȼһס
ǰһֱڳǰݳػصıʿɫ֪ΣգȴգһˣҲıʲôһо׷ϣǻһ浹ɱ
佫ѾþŻӴʧɫ׼룬ǰجģüͷûһ
ԨĿԶĸﺮ硣
һı䡭оһ
һı䣬󱳶Լߣ˭һһ㸲оȻʱǸˮա
佫ס
վڳͷ粦Ūɱֱɣޱݺ۵ںϡ겻һ˫ڳ˵ĺɫҲûϣ佫Ȼһڶѹ壬ճᣬ˵
Ŀתǰڿʲôأܿ죬佫ʵõ
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
ƵĹ͸ߺϼУȫװĹһһ׽ʿڳǰ
˵Ӵоɫصһͬ˷۵糸תʧڷĳ֮С
佫ûعϵȻڡ
ޱ飬һ˫ʯ͸ǽ̹Ǻ̶
عô

κԼְ𣬻صߺٵȲҪսһԡ
ܿˣ䲻ǰ׼ȷʮҲСĵá
´ĵ˲ʱ˲ԼͬϢ񣬾֮˵ҲԵøע⣬˵أضҲκܹһԡ
Ԥ䲻һΪ棬ȴܼȶҡҡ׹ľġ
ڣκյüͷɿ
׷ɨκճĿڴٵ۵ͷ£̫ͬھ֮أζ֡
ٵʧȥѪɫ
Ȼ̫㳤ͣСž߽ʾսоաˣ˼ԣջ׻ҲԸ
߳ʱ궯λԱһٵʧȥѪɫ»صϡ
¸ӣԻ׻תϥǷٵҾֵ
ؿͷһʱ䣬Ŷٵ۵֮ʡ
ܻΪģǶ࿿񾩺ȻؾһǺӷͣٵϲʤκ䡪κһ뻯Ȼع֮κΪ˷ʦ֪κΡκ䣿κ䣿ڿʲôأ
ʧˡκǿԼؽűջĿ⣬򶨵ƶԺЩͷΣһʱû塭¸ո˵ʲô
ٵЦˣȻؾ֮۹͡ոջ˴׼ԼȥһЪϢع˼޺Ⱥ
κл񡣿ڵϣôڣؽű߼һ߬
߬ȭͷĿӲ˵䡣
ʹߣ޲ƽһ絭ģûκ˵Ļɡ񾩳һᣬ˰ΣǵĿȥˡ
Ѿû˹עˣȴȻһе˫Ѿ߬ԡ
ͭǮ⻬ıԵսģ߬ͭǮѵȴԼ
һöͭǮǧ
ݣǰֳȻһ֮ԡ
֮£ǣѳɣӹһ٣
󽫱
о֮λȺۼʩȴֻһˡ
̲ס򴰱Ůӣѵ
һűȻڴڣɫţٵ
Żӳսˣ


101 
һöͭǮ, û֮С
κһ, ȫ󱳿ϳڲŲڵٵɫһף˳ԶӵA䡣
˵Ŀ, ԼͬͶ򴰱ߵض
վڴǰɫȻ·κӰ졣κȴע⵽˫Ѿ۽
һϣ, ǿѹв
ս;Ż, 볤ٻص¡
, ͷ϶ûл
սս̧ͷת, ĿתĽ¡
һһöԲͭǮ, ڲ档
κղ֪³û, ȻǸ̩ɽǰܲɫģ, ɫ, ȷǰ԰׼֡
κհؿ
ڣضˡ
жգʡ
κ󽫱
Ǹڶѣڰյ׹Ԩض޲ȴ˴ָգָǷס
κչӦ, 볯һ
ˡ
κ˷, ص˵ĺĿ⡣
߳ڰμĬ, 롣ضöͭǮöû˵
һ󺹵Ĵűڴʱڴڣ¶ϲɫоѱҾ󣡡
κձݺٵ˰
˺ܾãõʱ·Ѿ̣ڣڷзضˡ
ȫǰ
κնȻʧȥȫ̱棬һδգٺɿȴѳϡ
ҵĹٶÿһ߾ͺһ֡
Ĵڳž㣬ٵ۴ͷۿע̱ϣɥκա
ضߵߣӲˡ
ָǷ׵˫ȭޱ飬Ϊ
κʧǵǰһĵ棬κЦһ
ΡȤӣ૵䣬²վͻӭ֮֡ƶȲ¡ҲȲ¡ʱ׺ҹֻӭһʳĺڰꡭ
ӡһ̡ӣΪβܷ׻
ԭԣؿ֣κղ԰׵ӿŭ߬зŭΪףȴΪһ֮˽ȣ
κʦԣǺã
һһ䣬
ȫӪȣñºһȨð
һӪȣǰǰƣ
ñˮнļΣ
ԼܲˣϼĸӪȣȻΪ˫֡
̧˫֣ʹ˫ܽŪ**ʮָ
δ˿һԼĲ
Ϊ˫ʲô֣о񣬳ΪԨ¾ԭ򣿡
һԨƽ޷ˡԽƣҲܡҵļϡĲֹԨһ˵
һԸΪˣûκ𣿡κյ
ضûش
ǰĴөմҶ˺۵ƣһҹǵĶԻ
ҡҲᡭԴΪ𣿡
ǵ⣬ҲǵĻش
ᡣ
յĻشڶ
κһˣҲԴΪءˡҲϣԴΪء
ۣ߬˫֣һɺȻӿʪ󽥽ʪľָ⡣
һȣ·סůơ
˵
κɫ̣㲻ƶ˵һͨˡ

ŮʳĳɫתΪ
ƭˣƭùԼڶ࣬ԭֻһѪףҲȲл;ҵ
˵
ض˫ۣѪ
Щ죬ʱѪ߰ߵһ
ΪԼĻ;ҵȫǰ
κӶ񣬲Ը̸Ҫ߿ԺȻŮӵ
ˡ
üüѪ߬ġ
̧ͬӣһ˫峺͸ںĿþˡ
ڲ࣬λࡣ˵
ɿ߬˫֣ŵ棬վѩ԰׵뿪һ߲ѪۡκյĿӵѪתƵŮϣӸµظһ˿ɡ
֪䲻塣˵ԡ
κձԭҵ»۳ҫ۽
া죬ɫƺ
֪ҲṼ⣬Ҳ֪ŤתǬ֮
Ϊ˽ңҲΪȫͻ
ɳŪȹϼ䣬·ӵϼ
ʹ޶ԶԴһ˿Ŀκ⣬ƺԼһֻ֪޶۵ϡ
︣㳤һ˫ܿ͸˵ۣȴʧ˹ĵۡУ塣
˫ӣҪʲôʱ򣿡

塪
һǹһγƵо͡
쭷ɵѪٴν޷Ŷˢ
˵ӣһγѾֻʣ֮һһΣٱʿΪȡһ
˳һӿĵоĽʿ϶ߣǿԼΪκ˻ͷǹһ⣬˦ѪǹͷƵʺ͸ţ˵оΪʿɱһѪ·
һҽдһ߬Ѫ󻬵ǹͼǣŭ
Ϊ£Ϊ¡尡
尡
޾ŭ˻ţţԥظĲ
ЩױųСӣ
ȴǰӶص£
һǹɨ½ӽĵ˺󣬺ս˻ߣ壡
ԽԽĵо۹һǣƥٶȴԽԽ
ʧȥٶȺ󣬱ս׵ĸ
ÿһգۣԼ׹
һ˫ͨ죬߱Ѫģȫƾ屾ڻǹ
ڣһͬҲʣˡ
ˡ
ϵ£ɫ档
ԡѪһһɫ׵ʿ߾ٴ󵶣ŭĿԲų
Ϯĵ缤Ѫᣬһ֪طɴͲطһŭһǹֻԻɢǰٶɱˣ
ɱһ˹ɱʮ˾׬
γԭûܻŻȥ
Ԥеĺʼû­࣬һѹȻɣЩˣ׷¶ɵη顣
粽ƵİΧȦΪ˵ηȻһҵ飬Χ
ѪģҰУһߴڿϣعһ£ٿ֣ʸһƿ֮к
һȻûлͷȴ˵˺Ȼ
ڶֻֻֻ֧֧֧
һ߼ļʸͷβ絶ƿڱн߸Ŀ꣡
߸ڼʿ۲峤ʺмƺһĻᶼûоͱս
佫ֽɹӦߡ
һĿⶨؿŴ꣬οжˮ𽥳ϳɫ
¡
Ԩ֣ǹ
һһ㶣ԡ
Ԩظһ顣
һˣɫ䣬²ɣ
ԨȴúϻһѶǹ
¡
ݣ
ڴʧɫĵо
޼ɵײھ֮Уӧ裬ƥ˻쭷ɵѪһСͷҲأǹתΪһߵǹת˲͵Ϯߵĺ⣬һɳѪĺ󱳡
ɫķīԺͷҲء
/ǹ֮һҽ
һͻ뿪һʬ׺˵ǰ
\վǰľϣɫѿһקųţһַŽ죬ϲеͥ׾ٶ
ЩŲµĽ׳𽥻ϣµú͵ĴƤΪµǰ
\ոմӿóָĿӲĲ˵һŵһ
㡪\뱧Թקһѹ
ˣ
صϷ\ɴ۾̧ͷһöļʸϡ
ոûе£öʸ͸ľͲֹǳˣ
Сĵذڳ⿴ȥһɵְȫ룬һࡣ
ʸûǰ׷׵䣬ˡǰŤһͳزѵع£һһ«
ɣݣ
Աȣֱд
\ᣬûвԼðͷЩĿһעײһ
˫ں͸ϵϣһһϡ
ʹҲͷȥһ̣һöű֮ļ߾ͷɽ복ֻ֣֧ļ⡣
\˫һڵء
ͣĲһһĺӿͷ
ѹֱҪɱ
ǬƵܳΪǿսѣͻΪֵĵˣ
\սȭͷܻʲôۣӱس
ǽ޷عҲҪŴӹƳ汩ҵʱ򡪡Ҫ
֯磬ɱ\ŭȵ
֯¼һߴγѴ󵶣һ߲ɵȥ
Сģһ¶ɫ
ԨͷҲأ˵ߡ
ŵ£佫Ҳˣܶ
ǰߵ걳ֱͦߣ
֯ж磬ת۾ѽߡĿӲйľȻĮȻĶȴɴ࣬ˮƥԨһһҵ˻кȻ£ֻѪܵȹڻĮɾĶϿתմϳ
£
һ佫ԼͬһӼ̾ҪǰӪȣԨһĴ󵶣ŭ

꺱ŭסˡ
ҰԲѱ˲ոճޣ꣬ŭѪĺ⣬η
һԨɱڵƣҧҧսһƥ
ݣ
ԥƬ̣һ󣬳ѾֻʣһӰӵĳ׷ȥ
Ԩķתӧǹ֮Ƴ֯ɨȥ
֯ʶȥȴǹһѻɣ
ԨûѹתɨݾĹƽ£ǹưñеһߵ⣬֯ʤǱˡ
֯˳Ʒһ˫Ȳת
Ԩĺ󱳵²ĴأһֻմĲЬؿȥǹطĳľӦ飬֯ǧһֱӲĿڻδϵľ֮ϡ
Ԩ֮䲻һƺߣһѪѸٴѸ
֯ޱظѹߡɡ
ԨؿȻ𵥱ǣ¶һѪܵЦ
ƾ㣿
һɲԨһ˿ڿѣ£ݺһԷҪ
֯籾Ԩץסᣬһͦ
֯վԭûһ˫ϲľͫټسһĨ
˵ɱ㡣
ԨҲûվԭشһȺѪʹ۾ĸ
ϲ۾ϲĦĺ󾱣ϲСǡ
ֻҪ뵽ͺ޾
ٶ֯緢кȻ̧ȥ֯˫ֽסݵ˫ѹٴ
ѪԨӣЩʤ˿ڣֽ˺ԼѪһһƵɫĺǷ°ͻ䡣
밢ˡ˵Ҳˡ

ϣ½
ӸĽˣ
Ѿˣ
ٵڵ˶̲סڴǰؿߵĴ복ԽԽ
Уĳ֮֡
ֻʣߵǶӾͷѪһбڲԵĺϣªխͷǰͣżҾĴ󴬡
֮ȥʱһѪķƽվͷһֵĳӾ¶˼顣
ͣº׷δﵽƽٵۺضϥأְҲºͳ̵Ǵ
¶˽ٺı飬һЩŮѾʼϲضͣͷϵĴ󴬣ɳüչ
ܿ죬ͬĳüһŲͬϡ
ͷֻΪãһɸĴͣҪóȫǴҲҪʱ䡣
ٵ۱ضǵһǴˣضҪһϴϺָ
ض߹
ūڣߴȫվ
չ˺øʡضٵǰȥٵۼæأ
Ҫһά򡣡ضƽ
ҪάҲ˰أأأڡ
ʱÿһ̶ںܣضִȥٵ۵Ļ
ʣˡŮТ
ٵһ㶣ûعضѾһԵڱ̣ͱϴ
һ㶣ضջӡ
Ȼһ̣ǾջӵĿԼ
һ̣һŮȻ񾩳һ£ԥسǰǿٵߡ
ǷˣˣҪǾ塪
ٵܻԶԶڱƢĽͣ
£ū澵ľֻʣһ²ˡ
ٵϴضתʣµЩˣԽʱ򣬱Խ׷
ƽγԾվ
λϴضߣġ


102 
ǴĹ̻㾮Ȼ, ضôʲԼĹ͡
ÿҪŹٽ׻ӣͻ˳ִԣ
ŭɫ󳼣
ŵʧƫ, Թб, ͢ڸ֮󣿣
ִԵĳ
ǿﻹǿӣȻôбǾڱĶӺͷ
ɫ԰׵ҷˣ
»֮ϼͷĿѣСд, ɷСһ
ִԵĳ
, Ӻʱûô˵
һĻ, һҴܿװ, ǵڶңҡ
ضüû˽⿪, ԽԽ
ƽ, ֪ʲôο
, ŻӼ࣬һܡ
ضȻɫĿתضŲԶ֡ҡεӰ֮, ֵԽԽԽԽڣƥ֡
ƽ
ȴǴҲһĻ, Ⱥת˲
һѪ۵һ, ضǰ, Ҳ˵, һͷȥ
ְ
֮佫Ҳȥ
һݱʹؽŻ¶Ϻ˵һ顣
ȴųŭȴųʧʣȻӭֻг˫֡
԰ӵϷ佫һѣº͵ⲻǡԨ£˭Ҳס
һӱʹۿˮ˸ְԳΡ
Ҫ𣬴˴γˣڽʿ´󹦡ضЦҽҩأǿЩȥա
һԸϴӲҪضߡ˵ǡضֻýϹپΪҪ˼Ѫ˿ڡ
Ϲپ̣ڻǵвк棬񾩳ŵǴӵʱ򣬵ʵ
ŵµ׾ò£
ֹһסŵ½ŲģﻹҵþŻǻˣҲ߲Сµ񡭡Ҳֻžŵˣʵƽ
Ϲپ˼䣬ȴΪȻ
ԾŻ塪ʧѪ࣬ղˣһȥ֮ǹŹֵĹƳΪҪƽǺ
AʵǶֶѣµĻѾŻи̡
Ϲپ̾˿һĸ첲һȦɴ
ˣ
һſͷ֮ĿյϣԶصС̺Ȼ
ŵģܴسض
׷׷ˣ
СһԣͷȻ󲨡
˱ɫƴǰҪǴ
һӤĽŮһˤڵأʶסӤԼȴӲʯӲƤӤг
ˣǺ⣿Ůӵɷվ˳ŭͷҲأƴǰס
ӻعͷˤŮӺӤɨһۣصŮɷϣټǵãƺھ׸㣬ֻһƷƹٰգƷͬٽа壿١
δ˵꣬ƨϱ㰤˺ݺһš
˸ʺϱʯӻƣһʹϮŭɶҪƿڴ
˭ҡ
񾩳߶
˶˵񾩳浾֪ŮӿģճᣬŮӿģпһĨսսŭ⡣

ƶɪһ£ҷ
Ҳѹŭ
ڣҲ۷
˭̤ţѺǰĿɨͷϻδǴˣն
ҲӦϣ
صͷվͷϣԸϴ۵ԼҶ硣
⹷Ҫ游һŪ
ѹҵĶض׼˹дһǧٽںż֮ս
𵴵ĸоԽȺ۵ҲԽԽ
ĻɢȺд΢Ŀ
ػɲ֪Ķһ׼УӲϣļµ©
һ־ش˹£㣡
˶ѩ׵Ķһҡһڸ󣬴ս衣
ضЦҿĽ
ػɵذѱչʾñȼ֮ʱһѱڳϣȻ͡
ضӹ˲
ƽͷϴ
ػŷӦŭҪԼĽùضȴ򲻹ƽƽһػɸֱۣһ·˴
㲻ƭң㡢̫ءػɵԶȥˡ
ضݸ޴Ҳʣѧô
ѧѧҲСͷȻԼֻѧߵʵ
ضһۿǿиɣסĿֻʺ
г²ЬĿӲĺ׾֡
һĳ鵶νٴУȻЩµĹֻͣǰĿյϣˣһ
֮µú͵ĲԴԴϳԭͷյأת۱ӵ
ѹѹĴѹǰҲܿǼʮͷӣѹֵĳԽԽࡣ
ţɱһ
ض佫ݺᵽǰ
һŵо󷽵Ψһһµúͣд˴治֮£ϸ
佫׽µĺһΣͶ
£ﻹгǰϣһĹٷ´͵۴ǼƤһͰͣڹٷ²ѵ˫֣ȥֻһˡ
ĺ쳹ƽԭ
Ƭ̺ɫòµúͷų˳Żɢ˫ֱֱۣµķѪۿ˳
סһˣ򾲣ѹһ˿֮ǰֻ̩ݶ𣡸ףˡӲТһҡصۣ
Ͷ
»ʧ᲻סʣ佫ӣ˫ѵȥ
µúſ˫˵ʲôһ̾ͱʲô˳գۺ¹ڳ\˳
þò\վǰԶԶضҾֵ֪շֱ𣬹ɺð
ڹضڳضû˷⡣
ޣҲ쳤˲ӣŭ󡣬Һ񾩳
\δţЦ۾Ⱥ޲ض
ΪβԲΪĬʱ䣿ʱ䣬ܡĿ䵽ضǴҴϴĶϣӳ죿
˿϶Ϊ˺ĵġضƽڵˡ
⻰ģΪʲôͲĵģ̾˿˻ΪһǸ˵ءǱˣĸǡ
㣬ܻش𣿡ضܻشλԵβڣ
\ҭһ£ȻЦ
ǹ
ضʱʱһҴװˣ̴װһұװꡣ
һϡ
ƽ߻ߣǴĽη䣿
ǴıضǽȻ͵оţ׷ɢǴĽԽ࣬ͷϵǾԽơ
ڵоĻ£ǴһˡȻǱܡ
ϴΣ˭ܵþȣ˭ȥʿ£ĲԱ𣬲Ǽǹٽס
һǧˣ˭ܻ£˭ս
ض߬˫֣˵Ĵһʹ
ڣޱ飺жߣߣŮߡ
ƽɫһĨ̡

üչڷΰĽʿ\ٶȿڣϹ΢Ц
ضҲ𴽽ǣѵнҷǵİ취
ʵһôɱɱƬ촽Ӷ٣̫šܺ͹ɽף£Ҳȥأ
뽻ʲô
ǺҲõģֻҪصĶ\Цαۺ͹ֻҪһͳ
ضȺOO@@
治ɫƽ˷Ĺܸ㣬ʵ۸ܸ㡣
ɲùˡ\ҲΪ˹ãֻʧȥһʱΪҪʧȥأ
ⲻǽףд١
ЩˣôΪġ\ڵȴǴȺЦЦùƽԹŽ˿ǺԸء
ƨҲָ\Ǽ⣬ƿڴ
ƺ˧ֻϧһĵȫʺƨ
ҲʱˣãҼұµƢãҪǲЩȥ˾Ҫȥ߿߳ߵˡʮ£͸һ𸴰ɡЦеʮš
ż
ضһ£\ɫ
׵Ķܱŵų߸ߵĴܣһ¶
߳ŵоȥ
ˣҲ
ضû˵ɫԽء
ҲϵЦݲƬҲӲ⡢ǡ
һּ֮󣬵µ޼
µģȻվں׾ϲ
Щ䵱ǰĺ׾һؼʸضǰףΪʲôѴĺ׾Vֶ£ˡ
ǸҪס
ӲļǵƤûκϣôվƽԭһּ󣬾Ȼ𡪡
ضʱˡ
ھͿ־£Ҳûʲô򣬻δǴڿ־;ʹ£һѷǰȥ
˷Ͱ໥֯ͷʧ
\˳ɫѿ
˵ûʵ𣬵ˡȻһģ۳Ľթ
һԹ֯ȱϯսЦһЦſڣ
ȻԾƣǾûʲô˵ˡȫɱαۣ׽˵ȣɱۣ
ͷת˲Ϊս
ӣױ֪ƣһ㣬ӭĽ
գʱ䣬Ͼ͵һƬɫ
ˣ
ƽץס󣬲ɷ˵߱ȥ
ˮĺ׾ķɱۿɼٶƵ޻֮Ľ
ϲûзӶãĺ׾󣬹һߵɱԼҲиͬܵĿ־塣
ͷѾȫˡ
ƽȻٽأһѴؿĽϣýһȱ
ĿӲĺ׾ضϣеĴȫԥŷƽ
ƽֵֵ˼£϶˼˺ۣΣòɿض֡
ߣŭ
ض֪Լֻۣҧҧͷһҿ̴ȥ
Сģ봫ٵۼȾĺ
ضûлͷȴëȻĸо˵˱Ϯһǵ⡣
񾩳һմ󵶵ĺڼʿ󺰵
δ䣬һ䵶Ĳӡ
һ˿ɻͷ­ϰգѪ쭷ɵͷʬһߵȥѪضһš
ͭɫгǰ۳䵶ǰ˰ĵѪˤض˿ûзһѵ˼
֮ţЦ֮ǰǵǵСᣬǲǿһʹˣ
ضûԼȥ
ǰ˵ĺѾ˳ȥ׾ӿ
ԶһΪ·һӦ׾Χ֧
ºʱԶһ־ʵ
֪
ô
֪
һѴ󵶿ڳԶֵұϣƿƤʻۣһɺɫӿ˳
һ䵶˴̽ױһһΣһźӡ
׾ȥѹԼ顣
ˣҾɱ㡣⣬Цһôϲ㣬ҲһҪš
ضû˵
̷˹뻤УԶѹ
ڣһ˻ض˴ڴµĶɱĽ
վڴϣ˫ֽΧĿתؿŰߡ
һǧһЩ˳˴һЩ˵˵ĵ£иˣΪǳ
ϵĹз̫࣬ļʸ˵оڱˮн
ײ𣬷ƽߵߣٵˣ
ɡɾŻӻûɫš
ٵˣƽϥȥɫʹࣺԴΪأ
ԴΪء
ԶҸոûյ⵶˧յ鷳
䵶ڷƽ޷ĲϣҪǼͶ̥Ҿһ̡
ƽҲ
ڣضڣ

㡪Զ
ضظһ顣
Զ˵һѣĿ⸴ӵʾȥѪΧ
Ƭ̺󣬳Զ촽šһ£ɫ䵶
˵ؿضһۣת뿪
̴ͷľű̴ʻ밶ߣȻһƥ֣
ض޹ģĿгһ
߰˳ߵ귭ϲļʸӵϼһѴ󵶣һо
ǾŻӣϲĺ
Զ˵ߣȻһϤӰڿɱвϱƽͷ
񿳹в˰һ·ɱױģԨ˭
ӿϣֲ˵£Ѱʽ󵶷·ʲôոŵַ๷Ⱥ
Զ⣬ԡѪݣеѪҲ֮
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
˭ͷ­
㣡
ԶЦһԹжת˲еоˡ
ԽԽ̴Ѿȫ뿪˰ߣضӣ
䣬һ˰ʯͷ㱻˰ߡƽץһߣڿͷԨ£
\ˣŭɱ
׾Ԩȥ
һˣʯͷˮеǰһץס
ż\ŭ뿪
һ֧֧ʸŹڴ䣬Ԩڼҧ
Ԩض̲ס̽ȥ̷һѽСģ
һֻʸͷɹ
ϲδ³ȸеһ
ԼѪ쭷ɳ
\һߵСŭ뺦˭أ
ضӵײײƽڵļװԵѾ˰Ԩ֡
Ԩסң
˼װ峾ƴµԨѪ߰ߵ֡
ԨɿŬ˹
ֻһ磬ѪָҪ
ݣ
һ֧ʸضݶԱߴһ
ļ˷ƽʺ
һ˿ãȻ۾ߴ
п䡣
Ԩ
ضɴۣƴֻץһĨ¶ȡ
ӿĴת˲Ӱӣˮǰһ̣ſ죬ƺ˵ʲô
ӰΣֻһͷ
ˮ
ͷϵ\˿һɪϲͶɱҲҪӵģ˵طǾ°빦
δ䣬ɨ̴Щ˳
һɫӰΧ¡

ٵ˺ѷεĺˮԶԶ
ضͷҲأڳӵ׵׹ȥ
ؿż˻ˮϴȥѪۣں͸ϵֻһ˵Ӱض֪ûڴ
ǰǸ磬Ҳһ˫۾
ɳ峺ˮ£޺Ľβιߣˮ䲻׹ʱҲ顣
ее㶣˫ʯ͸Ӷؿֻһֻ֣һر
쳤֣ڿסֻ˺۵֡
ҡҲᡭԴΪ𣿡
ᡪ
ûĻ


103 
ӿĺ˹ЮƮҶĶ, ˮмǰ
ˮļʱĺԣˮԻʱˮǵԼ˶ãʶڷȱû磬һӭͷļ䡣
֪ȥãˮ
ضһۣһĿĹ߱ӿͫףֵǰ
߲ɫɽڴҰԵգһźɫĻ, ӵĹ⿾, ΢΢ɢϵĺ⡣
Ԩ
ض͵ػعǿɰʯĴֲڵ
һ, ϵˮͻ
Զһһꡣض, ųȥ
ԨԨͷԼ, ס֡
ɫҰ, Ҳ֪̫ãʧѪࡣضûлӦ, æȥϢ
Ϣȣڡ
ضȻ, Ц, ͷ­, һ
κȶ̧ͷ۲ܻ
һԼʮߵСϪ߲ԶϪˮ峺סݲɽڸƣֱͨ·СϪηмԴͬڴϿ»ۣûоͷľͷ
ضСķ꣬ǰȥߵ̫Զһ·ڻͷǷ񰲺áûһᣬҵһܷɽ
æصϪߣɽȥ
Ԩߴʱ׸ضһЪֽ̣Ŷڲ
̶̵һ·ճߵո
ԨʱѾ󺹡ǰѵ˺صĺã񺮷һʪ͸·̹ǵ⡣
òִӻӣڴ򿪣ʧӡ
ʪ͸Ļӹһԣˡ
ضûԼǵľȡ𡣸οĿǼҰ⣬ͺͺɽ±˵֦ˣľһá
ķضҫĿ̫˾⡣
Ԩϵۣ⿪½Ŭȥ˺ѵ˿ڣ۾㣬**·ҡҡλεߵ⣬˸ֱĵط̿
ͷһۻڻԲѵ꣬ҧҧԼ·
˵·̿˼ʯ£ȷ·ᱻ紵ߺصɽܷ硣
ɹɵʱģضȴʱһֱڷ
ϥɽڣڶ꣬߹̶Ľëϡ
һ̣һƬհסԻδعѾ׷׹ӡ
ʺмķƽô죿ĸô죿˷ô죿ָô죿
ǿհ׵һ˲䣬ʲôˣֻ׹ԡѪꡣ
ʶ̾˿
Сǰʯǡ
Ųߣһ̽ıϢֻзХĿտϿȣΨһο塣
죬ذɽһᷭѣһ̽˱ϢϿæòɿ
·ɹˣԨδϽԼ·ϣֱѻصɽһϡ
Ķͷ̵ˡ
ضԼϣֻֽΪ̵Ķͷս¡
Ԩء
£üĽƽͣƣؿɽڣһС˯˹ȥ
˯ǳһ˹
ɽ⣬б
ϵ˫ۣĿתؿĿãȻ
梣
ɳƶϵзض˵֮
ǰ梡
ԵؿһᣬȻ
ȡ
ֹϵѾȥ
ôһֻЬ۾ضջջǣ͵زͷȥŭԨ
Ҳ֪
˵Ҳ֪꣬ƽݲȡضֻܴпּص·
һᣬѾ·ˣͷһһαʹ
أףԨҧгݣŰ߲ɽڣ޲ðĻЬһǽ
梣ȡ˵
ضҧû˵һֻ˹ֱľ̫±ɹĶʯȵˡ
ﴩϡ
ȡ
ض£ͩʱһ޲һ˵λˡ
ضܸܵȻġ
ޱϤƣȴһ㲼ԭС¹ײ
㲻᲻˼ôҧݡ
ĬһᣬضΪ֪߳ˡ
ûйϵȻ仡Щ֪ܾ߳Ǻ¡
˵֪˾Ͱ·
㿴ˡʲô˼ģ
ضһЩʱƷ֮⡣
ܴﲩ˲
ض͵˼ޣŭҪǻ·Ҿȥ˯
вʲôãĥĥش˵׿㡣
·봩ضҲùˡµһСģȥϪߴʪ󣬽ʳˮι
Ԩ˼ڣҡҡͷض⣬ʪ·˵ͷɢȡ
˳ؿϣͳʲôط
ҡͷܹ鲻ӸӸشƽԭ˵ĴϿȡ
һʱ䣬˶ŶտϿȡ
ض֪ˡƽʺмǡԭֻһӡ
˵֧飬ʶ߬Ĵһʹ
Ԩǣһȭͷһָһָظ⿪ˡ
ضָ죬ʮָۣȻ֣ͷԼϡ
ʲôû˵ǰȻ¶һģ
ҹ轵ɽĺش
ԨλøضԥƬ̣ʵ˽ȥ
ԼԼ˽⣬Ԩ˯ڷ»᲻Ს֪֪Լڶ˯һڶ߲ܲ·
Ԩº󣬳һضԥƬ̣ʵˡ
䣬Ů죬ʱ򻹹ʲôܣ͵ǰˮ
ضۣŬԼԾòڣ̲סֱۣײ˸š
һ˫ʤղƷذ飬ԥãֻһ۱ܽռе˼
ǿװ򶨣Ŀ⡣
ɽڣһ˫ƻ۾Ҫöˡ˿ۣӭ˯
Ӳĵ˯ȣҹһЬڵĦĹΡ
ʱѾûꡣ
ضɽ߳ɽ׻λεչһۡ峿Ͽ︡һƬۣˮϪˮȥֱ/ĺ󱳴һۡ
ջĿ⣬ڰ**ϡ
ϴʲô
ࡣϴ˳ϴˡ
ضͷ˿ԼմѪ۵ʮָѡ
Ҳϴ衭
˺һᣬˮͣˣȴûлضɽڣڵԨʲô
ߺܿ촫Ļش
λ
ضԼҵ߳ɽ귽˵Ԩȥǰ߿ûгԵģҡ
꣬ҪŲӽĽŲ
Ҳȥ
Уضһ
Ϊʲô
ִߣضæú
ԵˣΪʲôң
ضûӣðô㣡
Ϊʲôܿ˵ԼΪʲôҪ߳ܣ
ض
ǳȽĹء
һȣԼϷ⽨
ضͯ꾭ʹȻĳЩ棬Ұһƶĵ׼ºۼ
һЩŹ֣Īس˵
ضεô񾩳ţ
ԥֻ㿴
ضɲء
ضһ·۾޴ţԨҲһİϿҹ䡣˴ɹʶĿӸɺһ·
ȴʱضʣλ𣿡
ɨһʵСϪǱϡ
˭Щģض
ͶһۣǲĻѧǲң
ضϽתƻ⣺Ǵģһߡ˵߳ء
һʵ⣬
ŵ޷϶Ұġ١һĽҰ⣬ҲԱͷǻᷢʲô衣
òһΣĽ֡
һ̵ֻסָ
Ħָ⣬¡
Ҳ¡
ۣͷͷ
ֻҪڣ梾Ͳ¡ૣԨһҪ

ϿȵĴ粻һʹ˳Ϫˮȥ
ݲϿżӲʯضû߶þ͸еƴĶʹǿ˫Ųʣ경
ΪαװĺܺãԨȴȻͣ
Ԩ
ǰ
Լ
Уضһϵˡ
δ䣬ضѾ
ԭֹᱧҪڶ˵ͬ⣬Ҳǡ
깴˫ȣڱϵ˵ߣǰȥ
̫Ѿߴһıͷʧ٣Ͽˮֻһ˵ĽŲš
ضĲӣ⸴ӡ
Ԩ
ţ
ĬãӬһ죬㷢ְһֱƭ㡭㻹ԭ𣿡
ƭɡü죬Ҳ롣
ض
경ȣһǰ
˿̵ı飬֯ķǰ裬СëҲա
Ըⱻƭ


104 
걳һֱߵ̫ɽ
տȵϿȾȻĴԹ, ȮĲ·߹հ, ƾͷ̫Ϸλ, ʧ˷
ۼȥ˾ͽ˸ܷɽš
һ, ȵ׵¾ͻ轵ҹƺҹ䡣»ֻʮһ³, Ҫǻû߳ȵס߸Ҫ, ֻһյĴѩ, ϢʧϿȡ
£һеǰ
ضģ̫ԵԼʼˣһǺθܡ
ĹȵҰݶϡ, ˵ʲôҰˣһ·, Ҳֻһóͱڷ϶С
һ·, ضͼϪˮҵټϧһ
Ԩɽﰲٺúת˳ȥȥ, һȥãٻʱһᲱС
ضе, ȵǡ
Ӧһ, ϶Ĳ²⡣
ضޱؽᲱȭϡ, ʲô
񡣡
ûл𡣡
Ͼˡ
̧ұ, Ĩ˰Ѷͷϵ麹ɫ԰ס
ضȥɣʲô

ضæ׵ߣ̧ӸϺ顣
ӲһЩľƬľһѣִӻȡһɫʯͷһѷذףԵʯͷ
ضҪʲôˣŵؿеʯͷԾϢ
ºʯͷðһǣƮϣ˲Ϩˡ
ضЩʧɫƽʯͷ
һǣǣ
ľϿʼǵĺɫ
һԨ
ضæᴵľͷϵĻǡ

ضȻһ
㶵ؿԨʲô
𰡡ֱ
ضŰɣͷľϵĺ㴵

һ紵۾˭ָιĲգ˼۾
ءסԨ
̧ͷӭĴЦ
ʲôĹϣգ˼ųԾôһ˵ļ¶
˫ǳĮʤÿһ˫Цۡ
ض򾲵ƿۣκʧ򾲣÷ǳ
ȼˣҡҷڰ͹ƽɽϡ
ԨĲЦһᣬ梡
һССٺ磬ŬһƬֲڵƤ˿˿ɰůĻ磬ȴˮ
梡սˣĺڶ⣬һĪĵ
Ȼͷסʱһڳ۾
һͷգ۾ضˣЦ
Ԩ֮ǰҪñ׼
Ԩգգ۾̧ͷ޲һǰ
𣿡
ضûӦѾһ뻳
խůɽҡΣľͷȼյžﲻضؿڣһһ
ԡ
ض͵߳ŭؿء
ޡ½ػ
˾Ǽײֻʣ֮࣬ҡΰڶĻůԨ信ݣգۡһգۣëͻɨѡ
ֱؿճİ֮ڱصõ
ҷޡ˵
ضһʹޡ
û˵Ҳûٶ
һҹӪȡůض˯øⰲȡ
ֻǲ֪ΪΣε˾δĺ
һ߶Ϫϴӣһ̧ͷϹżˮݡߴߴس
ĦĦ⻬ġ
Ȼ˹߿һˡ
ӪѾϨˣֻʣһغڻҺͽ֦ضҪȴûнʳȽŷɽߵڣû׻չȴϪˮҰ
˵ҰˣΪҰԵ
Ԩתͷŭֲ·
ûɡܿش
ϴ
ƽ͵Ҳϴ

ضת߻ɽԸԼʮĽҰ޾ǿ
Ҳϴ裬ϸɾ·ٹһ죬Ҫˡ
ضƲֵӪǰѾŵϴζ
ãԨ·һ˿ǵзˡ
ضһʱϴ⣬ϲŪģ
ʯͷġ˵һ׽һֻ/󡣬һԡ
Ը/ͳܲһ/ǰ͹ƽһضˡ
Ԩʧɫз°£һֻضƴ㣬ƭġǸġ
ضЦݣϷŪҲˡ
˹͢ӵӥüۼſԽˣضԽΡΪһ죬ֻӦ۳յķӥ׽խ
ض᲻ƻɣǨԽζãԽΡ
Ϊ֮ؽԲŶôáĺò⡣
⡣
ɽſڹ۵Ԩע⵽ߣذף梣ôˣ
ǿһЦݣˡ
ͷ㣬Ķ࣬еϡ
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ݡɿ˶٣ݵûˣĹٱ˻Ҫ뺷
ΪΣضһԨΪǷ򸾶˻ѪԵʣ
Ҳɿ̾˿ǰЩ꣬ݻ˸֪ݣ̰ƺûߣ׸ƣΪĲͻ׷ͨʲ̹ϿȵĽͨҪ˵½ʿԽʮɱۡʧϿҲãĵݣ·һ
أرʱգЩݱƵƵǣؿϲŮĶͼļ͵ˣҲ͵һԽܣЩݱŽץСü
ҡɿ
Сüͷû˵
ݱǣΪܵɧأض
⣬ɿľѾûɧݾˣǴ˷̫λ󣬱߹ƵƵ춯
ԭ˷̫ӣض𾪣üҺͷһ֪
ģǲ֪Ҳɿ룬˷̫ӣԼڰǰ⣬ȻҲ֪˷¡
ضһԻǷ̫ã֪֮٣ɷΪҶ˽󣿡
ʮϢʹ˷ϵѶϾǱߴϢ٣ɣȫ档
Ȼ
ɿŻһǰ˷λA;бУһз̱췴Ӵ˷ʵۻؾˡ
ˡ
СüȻ㻹һλӣһλҲأ
ԣһλɿ˵λõ۳裬ɥñλӼҪšҲˣ˷ʵ۲Żһ𣬽֮Ȩ̫Ӱա
ĺȻһʹضֲ֪߬˫֡
ɫ԰ףû°ɣɿ俴
ûд󰭡ضЦݣӹãһأҪ²ָܻԪˡ֪ȥδҺͷԸʣʱС
ɿڰ֣ʾͲˡһļ·ϱߣ͵ơҽҪȥһ·ᾭطƽںδ֮ǰɰ̶ӡ
лˡ
ض߳
ǿҵչյǰ飬ʵʱһΣһֻ֣ץˡ
ϫūСüȻ̽ͷ
ضȥСüһŵɫ˿
չһһžĲ˿ɴ
СüЦݣϫū㳤̫ÿˣҪµģɴϣñ˵ǡлУ̶Ϣʱ򣬚ϫūԳɢɢ̫ԶɽǶҲʳβڳӺߣ䵥Ҫ¶ġ
ضлСü˵ЦЦ
Ԩڵϫū
ضأû˵
ǵĺصģû߳ͱͻȻᱧ
ضͶ͵Сüһ뷢С

šԨǵȥͶڶྪĿ⡣
ɿеСüͷϡ
ǷޣͱˣһδĹ￴ʲô
СüһۣܳԼȥˡ
Ԩ˱ضΪ齣û뵽βֱ£Լϡ
Ƥˣض
޵ȻҪһЩǳʱڣΪءɴӿû˸ҵ㡣
ض˽Ĵ֣û˿
һʳУҩ
һ죬ְ˻ȥ
ضϢһʱվ
ʲôҩ
ҩҩҩ°͡
ضȵģ
Ȼأü
ضָ֣ⷢ˷ˡ
㡭ôң
°͸鵽ļϣؿڵԼ֡
ضȻ
梲ҡ
ضԼĴ⣬ȥҪһҩ
һα곶ϣأԨƺһ
ѹ˿ˣضҶŵؿ
ûС
ضܲ͸ӵﶯãѵıɱ𡭡
梻Բѣıɱҡ
ض㲻ҲԲѹ
һԵʱ򣬰Ҳһż𣿡૵Ҳһüҹ˯ô粽룬ɱһ˸𣿡
ض˫ֱı۰ֻ۾Ͷȥ𱸵Ŀ⡣
梵岻ôֵܹϣҪǺǣܵþ𣿡
Ҳܡ˵Ϊ룬ΪɱˣһҲƿײİҡ
ضȻü
梣
ŲŲذס˵ˡ
ĬƬ̣˵ҵûգѹȥ
һյ󣬱ϳԨϷ
̶ӻں͸ׯĴ˽ʣŲVֵһ˵һ
ǰǾȵǸŮˣոڳϰˡ
Ҳˣһ·
ҪԸⱧһӡ
˻һЦ˴˼伷üŪۣɫ
ʲôʺˣȢǰɫˡǻǵǳӾ˵ʱ˵˾Ҫᡪ
ޣҲ֪ôС˵ˣëûĳСӾ͸ҿ¿ԣҲ֪ϰΪʲô
ҪǻңҾûϰôƢ
еĴˣŮ¡

˶˶ӣϵϿӣתȥ
һ죬ʲô˽ͣͷ

ټĺڳ
ضкһĿҩյĺŽΪôã
𣿡Ԩϣؿ
Ȼˡ˵ͽ񳿶ֻ飬ոǵδˡ̶лûй𣿡
Ԩģǵ˰ɡ
ضŰɣʣµҩ
Žһ˰˴ΣӲֿʼн
ҹĻٺ󣬳ڻҰפϢضƤأȴϷȥ˯ž
Ԩ˯£ڵ㵣ĹУ
ĵǱ˴ƣضеһշתµԨ㲻𣿡
Ԩֱֱؿֻ㡣
ض̾˿ûϳ⣬һҶֲھС棬Ȼܿ˻Ȩ
ȥ
ʱزȥˡɫ¶һ˿ǳԶݵĳǹؿŲܣһϷء
ϣһص񾩡Ԩ
Ȼϣ¡ˣ㵹ҲûܺһеضҪĲʵʱǲһҪʱ䣿ôʱؾȼֵûɡ
ضЦ֮λıѾˡ
Ͳʡ͵ĵƣһĶ֮˴˵
һˣû뵽һ㵹Ķ̫ӱ
Ԩס齱ߵ֣ҪȥǾͻȥһɱҲɱȥ
ǻ˱ˣ˵ĲһҲҪȥضһԸ˷ٵһͬս˶٣мֵߣļ
ʮԭǵĿ꣬ȻѾزȥˣô˻ռ鱨֮㡣
š
ض˼ͷۼҪ˯ţԨȻµ𣿡
𣿡Ժۣϵޱһ
ԨһֻûɿһͰԼϡ
źë̺û˿⣬Ա߾һԴ
Ԩ˹°䡣
䡭梱ҡ


107 
ڶ, һڴǰҡΡ
Сüʳкҩʱ, °ޱԨ̶ӡ
ɿû˵ʲôһ׸ɾŮ
ϺʽȻͨһû·ض˵ѩ̿
̶ҹǰϵݳǡ
Ųƣʯϲսĺۼ߱Ŀһɢؼߵݣ̶ֵʱӳɿнӹһ, ˵࣬°һڡ
ɿ˹֣ӵĳƨһ£һλ
ǰеĹУ̶𽥷ɢֻʣضͳɿ丸Ůڿջǰͣ
ɴϣԨĲ²˳
ɿԨһ䷿Сüķ䡣
һ϶¥, ɿ䶣ǶӶ꣬߿̫ܲ˽⡣ǳҰΣ, ϫūòҪ뿪޵жʲôҪ, ԸջСȥ, ǱҪ, ôϵĹƷ, ǽСüܡԼڿͷ
ضл󣬺ԨصŵĿͷ
Ϣһᣬǰšض䵱ϲ˳ʵؿݵʲô
ضźͳɿ˵һ漴뿪˿ջ
ʮĩڵø죬ʱƽϵĽ˺ҹɫ
Ҳڵԭ򣬽޼Եĵʮ߼Ҷմţضһ̨ϷݳĵĶ˻ǵ۾һᣬֿߴһᣬƣצֳָһ
ض˳ָķһᣬһ̽ĻӳԴ䵱ĸһɫиĿ
̨߽̣С۾ӿһֵۣͷȥŪ̡
ضߵǰóһ䶫׹ŵϡ
ӵ۾ԴӶ׹䵽Ͼֱˣ̣ǰȻͬԵȡ
С۾ȥ˺ߣһᣬӱһ̵ֶַֻÿˣֺ˳
;õˣҿӸով֣ӹƵֽ˼£һƤףСϵĶ׹ϸϸꡣ
κﻹһԶ׹̧ͷ
ĻԺ겻ǼǮȻࡣ
ʶԨΪˣλ꿿ڹϣƺԶܵǮģĿֻڷָú͹̨ĸդǻ
ܵ٣ض
׹ƽֻܵʮλʲ䵱Ӧһʱ֮٣ɵԸλͽѡҪɵԸʮЦЦ˿λǲǼ裬Ǽ裬˽ѡɵԸһչΡ
ЦضȴĬĬ̾˿
ˣǾñ˿۵ˣӵҵ̿ʮۣ꣬ͯۿʵʵڰ
ˡضʧ׹ĸĸǰ˵Ĵ֮ÿ鶼ǼƷ飬һűֵǣҺͷԭͶ·ֻд֮١
֣
Ȼ䵱˶٣ǱˡþȲ˽ȥ˵ص׻Ҫĸ𱸡
դŶβЦ
ɣټʮʮԸһʮˣţݳǿҲû㹫ˡ
ض̾˿ա˵ô
Ԩģš
ЦݵˣλǾñ˳ļ۲ʣǳһۣ
Ǽ۸߼۵͵⡣ضĵҪµµĸ
šüëԣ˳٣µĸŲ
Һƹ˵˵εƹپҪμۡ
ضɴµĴ΢Ԩһɫ֪ҪƵͷת
ʱضʮ뿪˾Դ̣ƹ͵ſڣлһԶͶȡɣ֮ϣְн᳤̻ӭȢŮĺΰͼ
˶ߵÿˣӲػصãƸ̾
ĳ˵ĴҲҪˡ
س;Уضһ¶ŽŲӣСкﻨͭ壬˼֦ɽ裬ûݳǣֻϧɫԭͿòĵ̻϶ˣΨһ̻Ӫҵ
ضӣǣפۿ
ǽĿĵйȻ˼¯ǰĳಲضע⡣
ûֻǴδֵಲʮݺʮǨȻ˲٣񾩳ǣͻһƵ·Ůӣٲʮ죬ͻᱻЩŮӵɷף˷绯֮ץȥٸνִӡ
ǰλ׳ߴ󣬴Ŷʮ꣬ò䲻Ӣֲ˶̰塣ȻۿȫĵػһشյͨȺ°ͺָһ·䣬һڹ̵ϡ
ضĳϡĳಲϡߡ
Թһ£Ԩһء
ϡˣ߹ôطôˣٿԨߵˡھ˶ֻܳһͣũÿֻܳϡ**Ĵʱһ߳ж
ԨǸ⡣
֪㣬Ǭջ۵ãA֮ǰԨѾ˰˳ߣǰλԨߡǳ˾ųߣ
ͷȽһ˵ߣײһ˫ŭ
ÿ𣿡
ÿϵ
㿴ʲô
ҿ㡣
šüͷɫӲ죺Ϊʲôֱӿң
ضˣߴǰȥ
Ϳȥúÿ
ȥջضСҪһ廨ƿֽЩˮѲ軨޼úԨûͣ
ŴֲԲǰһԲ
ضţ۱ۣʲôܸܵǹԹĿ⡣
ճŵʱСϴԡˮضʮͭ壬СϲذŰˮľͰ
С뿪ض꣬ޡ
ĬĬض
ȥһᡣ
˳ǣ𣿡
ضɿӦڷȥһĿĵ
һһƾͿĿͷϴ裿
ضĿͷû֧뷨
ض˶Σͷһ磬ԡͰ֮䡣
͵
˭Կ⴫Ц
ضѾ׼⿪½ͣĬΣ߳磬ɫꡣ
Ԩδֵ֣ųֵһͬδֵԳơ㻹ǲǵãͰǼٷޣܡ
£ԨɫӳգҲգ˫ں͸ϵǵ۾ײɫ
ԨԪˡһ̣˫￴һŰԪǸΪ´ݲĿֲԪ
Ԩһ˼һ
͵ͣ½ŲһĨˡ
һЦáң˭ҵ׽ܻἡף
ǷǳʱڡضüڼվȻǰһ
ŭҧ¹ȥҧгݵǳʱڣˣҲܺף
ضˡ
Ԩץסɵʱǰ
ߴӰȻͷ֣ʪȵϢС׵ĶϣعѾһκˡ
ǽ˱ĺ󱳣ض˲ܣߴȫѹơ
ȺԵĿӣһɲĲڹָ⣬ά沿ƽȴƽ
ҧгݵ֪ҵ⣬Ҳҡ
ضĻĴ

ԨٿĿתضںݺݾ׽ĳӲаҧꡣ
ҵĴַؿڣסõҲҵĴ
ضԼؿڣƽĿӣֻҪ˻ţľͻҿʱҲѵҶҲ
δ䣬תߡ
ȥĶ
ھȥɱ
ضһͱٻҡ
͵ɲѾֽڰաתͷһŭŤ
ҪҶģʱҵģ
ضҲðŭ⣬һģ̫ݣǰҴˣ̫һֲԼĴ󣬰
߻ضǰɫ£ʲôе
ضƿĿ⣬Ȼͨǰ㡣
ϫūҺ㲻һƤġǰõҲϻȥˣڻŵģֻǚϫūͷޡҡӵܣ
ˣҲػ񾩵һ졣ʱǻǽܡ
ΣɫҵǼ˭ָ˵ʲô
ضŭµһ˵죬ѵĵ˵𣿣
ض˵ͺˡ
óͺ𡪡Ϊûк
ҡ
ûдйϿȴѩʱ򡭡ΪҪˡ

ϵıŭµİ
ԭֻʲôûеʱ򡭡Żҡ
ضʹԨΪá㻹Сڡ
ͻȻһѽ
ضĵһΪĺȻʧ⣬ڶΪʢˮԡͰ
㡪
ûˮС
һһССʧǰ๾࣬๾࣬Ķߣǿҵˮ
ڷƮɢ峺ˮ΢ܵķβ಻
޷׵޷룬˳СǣҲǲбķޣˮףǿжɸӱĺ
˫۽գšһüİʹ
񱩵籩£ضǵǰڣֻܱܷ紵
ҲֻһҲһͣضȱٽϣڱˮ棬ʵĿӿڱǣſԡͰϣˮʵϡ
梡
ˮ̵˹βǰľѣƣ
梡
梡
¹ڱʯͷ̨ƻĲ軨ʢ¹С
ˮһȦȦˮӿͷͷԡ
޷ƿȴŵ̷˷
ܸԼ㣬Ҳ۵㡣
ƣء
梡ƭƭҰա
ضһʹ˫ִʪͰ߻䣬벨ˮ档
ͷٴκغϡ


108 
ضһ, 촽顣
ŭһŰߵ¼Ӵ
Ԩӵ, ˯е۾һۣϴס
梡
β, βʹò⡣
ò״ӵЬ˴ڷϵһСͭԼ촽
ֺף
⻹ôˣ
ضͭ, תͷŭԨ
һӭ, ¶һڴ, ̹ʶҰԵЦ, ˺ȴʵʩ
ٿ˿ģ
ضһ, ֱϴϳʱ, ڵ
ݳߡ
ġ
ܺԼƢ, Ҫ¡
ġ
ôҵģض
˹, ˫ֽڻУԺġ
ض˫֣ؿһۣߣһ㣡
, Ȼջ¥¥ݻû, Ѿսġ
ض뿪ջøСüһڵӺ϶¥, һߴһ, ûע⵽һֻЬڵķš
ϫū㣿޸磿СüֶŴ, ֻܸŸդߺ, Ӧû𣿡
תߵɿĿͷſڣ
պྫȥ˾û
ҲӦ
Сüýż߿ɿķţ̽ͷ֡˶ȥĶˣ
뵽ϫū͵ŶһɥػԼ䡣
Ϸźضڵڷűƿˡ
ɿ˳
ϷţɫصĻصԼķ䡣

ݳǼ㵽˰գҲֻ̿Ŵš
ضгЩƷվ̴Ԩһõĳ
ضеĶƫƫβĿƣɨӣſ׽ԭˡ
̳ضҪԼԨѡ
˲һĳµԼʮŮƷӭ˹
´һǮϴ޲ޣӦоС˼ӵϴһ飬Ԩ˫ɫλ»ǲϣǰЩʱգµһƥؽУȫֻһƥûˡ
𣿡ضʡ
УȻУ뿴޵Ļǳģ

ŮԱɫľȻŮȥ˼˿ض˼ǮչʾĳиԼԨѡס
Щ٣ضʡ
ŮЦѾ˽ʱ࣬ضһʣڵһһٰʮö࣬Ҿһٰʮˡ
ضüҼǵôǰûôģôǼˣ
Ů¶ʧ⣬æ͵ˣ°ɣܵϣʲôǼˣСģǼôȥ
ضüͷ˵ݺģ˵ɣһûпţͼһЩһʮЩߡ
ض˵ͷ
ŮɫһϲȥðֽװһʮµĺӴСʱ߽µꡣ
ź̽֯ĻĵؿţĿضɴϸһת˻ضɫе¶ʱԨ俪ڣ۲Ҫˣ
üͷһ壬Ҫ𣬿Ԩں͸ϵſĿֱˡ
ѡû
ŮæӦһҪŮƴװŻһģȥ˺ԺһᣬƵžž͵ʹ
Ůδţ۳һֵֽ˹
ˣ·
ضҪ֣Աһֻ˹ԨȻȻֽ
Ŀ˶𣿡ض״һŮ
ʧŮУ޲
֡˵ⲻֻܴ͡Ҷ
ŮĽؿһߵԨ૵
ҲǺ˾ͺˡ
ת߻عָֻ̨ǸľȻģ
߰ɡԨ
߳µһɾ̯¡
Ҳǹʱ䣬ֻ̯λˡϰֽһͰð淹˵ϡ
ضȡɴϰҪһ뿪ˮֻ̹ȱڵĴ׺󣬽һֻݸꡣ
ϰ£̨ߵưϣֿ°͵ɾأǾܷģ
ضЦЦҨһ淹У̧ͷϰգ󷹵ˮǷݹӣ
ϰﾪȵصɴ۾ȷʵˣô֪ģ
ų㣬ȴûҵӻΪеˮݹӵԵʡ
ǽͷһļҶŻˮܳģ㻹ͷһϰＸ˻¨ӣǴ˼ۣǴĶģݿʮˣǰûǡ
ض˳Ļͷӹҵ÷ĴѰҽҩǰյݡ
Ѱҽҩϰ̧ͷһۣҪȥݣ
ϰҲ֪ҽ
ܰ˾Ȼҽ˭֪
ϰ֪ݺδҵ
Ҳֻ˵֪סĶ˵סһɽֻԵ˲ܼͷʳԨҽƢŹ֣ҪǴȥӦܼ
ΪΣ
ǺѪɣϰضͷ󣬼ҽɽΪ٣ҽָ̼Ҳҽ壬ΪǺˡ
̨յˮˣ๾ðˮݡϰưִ©ˮ衣
߽˵ʮݰˣһĴˣҹҪǳţڶվͻһĺѪͼӻ׵ġֻҪЩ߱ĿĴү
ɿ©ףľתһȦ
˻ôضʡ
ϰһֻۣ֪үϲƯŮˣЩŴ󻧣۾Ϊ٣ûʲô£ֻҪһ˫۾ٳһЩүԸ㡣
ϰ￴һԲԨҿţҲǴ󸻴˼ҡ˵ӣҲҪۡڽʮݣʲô鶼ܷ
лϰ㡣Һͷէ²ضһߣϰɷٶ˵˵̵£ΰȻ֮𣿡
ʷǱģֻܺүǵϰҡҡͷˡĻȥһϸƤĹͯȥʱһʣ
ضĬãʣôȥ

վմźǰضؿŹϵŮͯͷ­
ŮͯٺǱ׼ĺģյƤմżѪͷһţͷһͷһţƵع̯λĿλá
ˣ𣿡ΧһѪΧĺӴϰĿǵ˦㲻֪λķɫ⡣ֺǺǵسضЦ̬УʮһţʮֻҪʮģ
ض˵ĵⲻŰϵƷ
ɣˣŹǣ⡭Ƕʵģ
ߺȵʱһձĺ˹ӳһͭ壺һ⡪⻹𣿡
Уܹⷷضѻİһ
ض̲סˣת޷˫ȭĲ
һֱĬԵʱס
ɱ𣿡ƽ˵һ͡
ضӸɬĺＷؿջ
ұ㣿
Լߡ
ĿӲƿ֣ǰȥÿһ̤ڲȲŵ׵޻ϡ
㲻ɱ𣿡
ɱϻµ̿ţţ˻ӵضɱʲôã
תֽǣҹ·ĵط
ŵʱضָ·´˯ʱ˲ˣ¶һ̲δɺԵѪ
һԹۿɫ죬۷׷ף
ϮʷҪˡ
Ϸˡ
ϴλץҶӣ˵Ǵ˷ˣҪһˡ
ޣ˷ͲˡƾʲôҪΪһҪǵĹð
ϲϴλŮ˵Һӷֵ磬ݺݴһ١ӺòȢţ𣿡
ǵ֣Ҳˣ
Ǹ֮ʿǶڵ°ա
ô壬Ϸӱʱô
С
ضգҲգ̲ĿѪɴµӺѪɫ
עԶԶۿĶˣԨɫ梣߰ա
ضȻ̲ѪŶ϶еǰĲ״
ڴʱƶ񤣬ܱ֮һ
Ԩܵǰյʹ
Ԩͷ԰׵ɫ˫֣һ⿪ĵָͷҸܵ˰梵ʹ
㻹ǵãͬ˵ĶߵĹô
ǵá
üᣬ۵ָȴᡣ
梷ɱֹɱǲΪһɱ˴еΪɱ̫࣬ൽһͼƽû˻Ϊ̤·ҰݶΣΪÿնͬ¡
ÿһΪߣǴΪʱʹ࿪ʼ
ס֣ԼָǷ顣
ԨӦ梡μѣҪر˼伲ͱ
ؿ¶źͬ˲ĳš
ԨӲΥĹ۵㣬κһһΪһҲһڴӦ
˭룬˵
ضһ㶡
֪ʲôͷϵȻţȴһ˵¡
ҡ
İաɫӲֻҪ㻹ţʹҵʹ࣬ԶʹӶˡ
˶٣Ȼиһ˿ɱ
ҾҪ˶ҵʹࡣ
㡪ض
Ԩ߬ס󣬲ɷ˵ջȥ
İգҪһӵġͷҲأô̹ǣˣҲ᲻ƴ۰ӵظ

˻һԲ߻ؿջʱϳɿ丸Ůڴ÷
СüһǾ͸˵쳤ֱһ裺ϫū㣡ùʳһ԰
ضһ⣬뵽зӿ
ͬ÷ԨСüЦ
Һͷ淹㲻ˡ
Сüźһ·϶¥
ˣܶſ𣿡ɿͻȻ
СüȵΪʲôܿ
ɿܶ𣬰ķ
Ů˵ʱջſںȻһĺ˾ʿ˽
ƹģ⼸նʲôסꣿף
ү̵̨ƹһ飬ϽСλʿǰʵļգ
ļգ⼸գΪ׵ľʿƢ꣬ͷոǴʷ⵽ϮҪݵĿʿҪ֧֧ᣬΪڣĵ
үСĸҰƹ񱰹ϥС룬⼸ⲻáﶼǴģ˾ߣػضЩףû
ƹȻʲôΨһһ˿ȥ
СüüͷȥϵƤɿѾߵλʿǰع˸
λ˾ʿĵؿΪ˿ڵǺˣ
λүɿ䣬˽ڶʹĥһſͣʽļȵ¡
ԭбĵļŽڶʹ֣ɫɢıֱ
Ϊ׾ʿ߶ʮһѧǰģһײĹ񣬴ԭǳү
ոգ˵ڳпʿô£ɿ
ⰡϣǴʷ˳Уһ֪ĵϮ֮Ƿƺͬʷ˷˺ôĻ˵ҪݳǷ׳죬Щ˷ųɿֺõЦЦүȻܵýڶʹʶ϶Щ֪ôĺ˲ͬڵջҾͲˡ
ˣüλүˣɿʵջֻҺСŮҵԼһˡǾүģѷһϡ
Ϊ׾ʿЦүɷˣΪڶʹ˰£ֵܷĵĺܡ
үˬɿ买˹֣һ²⣬Ȼȫϲ飬ôŴǷ˽
ǣգȫϲ飬˴ʷ˭Ҳǡ
ɿǳҺ̶ǰոյݣԭձҪǺãΪ˰£ҲԸΪѣĥ˵ʽλһĥ˺½ʿҪһ졣
ɿͳһĺɰΪ׾ʿС
ʿкɰЦ˭Ҳҵڶʹ˵°үҲԷˣھͳ˳Ƕ˵Ǹġ
ɿ֣лү
ȥɡʿպúɰĺãֶһ䣺δʱɾ߲ˡ
ɿȻǧл
λʿһߣ¥;Сüٵˣȥն
СüһһȦ͹⣬ãȻؿųɿ伱Ҵ˶¥
ضûüͻһ˵
λҪˡʰʰϾߣ
ضţȴֻиո¥СüӰ
ûʣСüһɻؿˣҲ֪һֱ߶߶ġϫū㻹ǿЩʰɡ
ضĻɻ˻ؿͷԨĶᵽϡ
δݳǴŽһο
ض˳ݣʮȥ


109 
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յ, ضָϿ֮ǰ״̬
ٶ˵Ԩһѧһ˿ӱޡضѾֻʣ̺۵ؿں˫ۣһ߸пһΪҩ
ע˿, ע˳ʹĽëϣŨīĳȣգ, ؿѴˮʱʱ޵ĴУ
һѪͿƲסĶߡ
ضͿؿɲĵ̣ʱĿоŵ˫ȡ
βûغôβ, βֱ㶵վƣһȣ˼, ΪԼ˼, ˫ŭǺ, ̧԰ŭɡ
޹ءԨ治ɫһ޹Լ
ضҩ, ûʣµԼ
Ԩսסҩ, 
ششˣ
ضɫ, ԭŵĴƿһ߷϶
ΪһֱߣڻҰսӵĵط, һƥݽýĻһͬݵһ, һ, ƥ˳
飬һֱдæش
ضϴء
귭խ£ҵרϥԴ˹ȥض˫ȡ
ˡض
𣿡ۣĵʡ
̶ӻֻʮˣ඼̷ơ⼸죬ǳڴǰھʮˣǵĽϰˡ㲻𣿡
Աۣ
µǡ˵
˴Լһʱ䣬Ƿ׷ȥϼһ
ʱ̶֣һСſͣ²ض˳ҵɿʱָӻưʻʳ
λǡɿˣۣɫЩн
ضЦųϰ壬Һͷʹ¡̶֪ӿжԲߣ
ɿλɰģ̶ÿһξһ˶ͻ뿪
ضü
ɿ俴ķ֮⣬͵λ֪ܲʮݱصˣЩˣǰʮ껹ˡո׷̶ӵЩԭ⸽ׯˣرռ꼢ֻ꣬Ϊܡ
̶꣬һֱõְ취ɿЩ˲ߣҲΪвһ֪ʵڻȥ˭ԸúõİӲҪѪأ
ضԼľ⣬ϰ˾ӣ硣̶ֻ޴֮ڶ࣬Ҳǻ¡ҷ˵ƵֵЩǽǰǰڡǲ
һӦһ
ضϰ壬ˡðһԣʱ޷̶ͻΪ⡣׻˵úãһ򣬾һݵͽʮѾȫͬɱȡѻãأ
ɿ˼
ض׻׻յϰ̶һ仰Ͷǧ䣬һ仰Ĺ˾裬̶ӵӦҲӾϰܺ棬ȫ飬ֶΪ
һ򣬾һɿ䳯˵ͷ˼ܣɻҪעĵط
̶жҲǰַȥĽȫԱĶҲԥһ
ơɿһƣԸõĵذ׶ַȥ
Ϻ󣬳ɿ俴ˣȻ
λ˽Ĵ㣿
ضЦǻС
ƺǳɿҪĻشضش¶һ΢ʧЦ
»£λ£ʧˡ
ȷһʡض
ɿͣ½ŲϸһĨɻ
ϰǰһֱԳΪҡɫЦΪ뿪ݳǺ󣬳ϰҷ޶˱ǡ¡
ɿ䱣ƽݣδ½
𣿡ɻ󣺡һֱáҡ͡¡ԳƣżҲ˵ˡԳкβ𣿡
סضЦֻЩˡ
ɿ䣬˻ص
Ԩſ̧ضˣ
һضüЬײײ̫СȣĶ
Ԩʰ֣С
ضֻԼϥѰһ£ȾͲȥȺʱĴȽס
λã÷Ԩ°͸ϡ
֮ϡ
ضһۣƿ壬խ¡
ѾǵݡĬʲôضǱ߳ͷأݳǾͳǣС£һ·϶Ƿֵ
ȻŴضһǼ켸ҹûкȹˮɳŮ
ү÷ɡ
ضƿţһ²Ůվ¡
Ŀཻ˴˶һ㶡
ŮӴԼʮ꣬ͷɢµֻһǸڵѩТ¡Ӽݣ˵ķݵͻĶǸᾣȧǸʣһ˫ۡУһʢ÷ĵ÷绺Ʈ
ŮһֵصͷȥԲ𡭡ߡ
÷Ǯһ֦ض
Ůͣ½Ųԥһͭ塭һˮһͷҲС
աضת߻سᡣ
ŮΧ˿սսزʡ
ԶһĿڣ˴Цƽⲻ
ŮͷҲأϵ֪꣬뵽ʲôһס
ȿˮաضԼıӵ˱ˮ˹ȥ
Ůܳؽ÷ŵ⣬˫ֽӹˮ
Ķȥ¶׵ĻѪ
Ůע⵽ضĿ⣬һĨ޴룬æˮ˺ۡ
ض͸ТϵĸڣݵƤͷϵࡣ
ǲСüͶȥյʳ׼ôض
һۣ˳
ضѰϵһСʳݸ԰ա
ŮӳʱܾнضȰ˵κηηСһöǱһ߿ضɫһ̽طС
Ǳںȷضƣ̻
һ̵ģһȫĶӡ
ԵüĩǺŭض첻ƿȣԼôݹ᾵ؿڡ
𼱡ٺȿˮضæֵһˮĻҶҪˣһҷʳߡ
Ůһͣ
˫նŵ˫ۣȻӿɳĬᡣ
ضӻͳһŮϵˮТΪ˭ģ
ᣬĬú
Ѿ
Ѿ
Ѿ
ʹľߵ䵽½
ͷ˫סʹף͹Ϻסһνһεˮָ䡣
ضĬƬַ̣ŵļͷһ嶼ˡ
ôģ
ŮӽӲλһ㣬૵
ˡ׬Ǯˡˡ˵ǡ
Ѿȥ˸ڴ塭ʮۡӡˡⱻ޹˲ᡭ
Ѿȥ˳̡ѾүУ̧ȥС檡Ѿ˵úܺãͻؼǡ²ͱ˻ˡ
ҸТٳңҡҵТҲȥ׬ǮȥѾѾѾ
ҲҺТߡҺܺáѾѾѾǶǺܶµĺӡ
һţĿǾ߾Ҳϼӳݷʱֻ౯ʡ
ȻһΣԭԨʳ˳
ŮӼʲôµĶȻͣˣһʹ»Ϊľš
ضӹʳУȡһ򿪺Ƹ԰ա
ûнؼңŮҲֲֻҪؼҡõض˿ӡһʼԨɫⶼûһ׷ſˣʷˡ
ضٰˮȥڴڵغ󣬿ص͹⣬һ˿ҪТµӲɣضֹ
뿪˴𣿡ضʡ
뿪뿪ȥľȻ
ȱһŮضʲô˶ҵŮ
һƴССִһһͬŮǰİϣ
Ƿ޹һκӣС԰һֻһѡһա
ŮӴؿĿⶨڷϡ
κŮ뿪ˣһ÷
ضճµµİֽϲһϸ÷һ˴⡣
㽫÷ˮƿоҲ׻ƿ飬ˮ
ڴ⣬ɳݲУܲһµ·
ԨжȻ˵ΪֱӾ
ξضŴһƣૣǾкã

ҹޡຣвҵˡҷǲ죬вֻԾ֮ˡ
ԨĬסϥϵ֡
Ԩסˡ
ɱ˴ŮɾһʱΪɾһ
̧ͷ꣬һһٵ
ΨµǼܾһǧǧˣ
ʧΣ
ʧǬת͵컻գԼ
Ž֮󣬲ĳ̤˻Ұ
ۼѾԶׯض̾һϳȻӶɳƴ󺰣
ȵңˣȵҡ
ض󺰣ͣ
ͣº󣬴ТŮӱ߳ضǰͨһ¡
˫ŵ۾**һһȼա
صؿһͷǹȾѪС䵽Ϸ졣
Ů᾵Ķͷڰ͹ƽĻϣѪ߰ߵʮָһǰ
ƽԸΪţһ˶顪
ѪܵӶ£̧ͷֱض˫ۣȻؿȥ
Ϊ澣

ٴǰʻֻǳֶһˡ
ضȥţóԼһ·ƽϣƽ䴩Т֮⡣
ڿռСƽ·һι
ػΪҴ
ضƬ̣ԣľ֮֮ˮ֮絴֮ڶΪиƽߡ
ַԭƽɺã
л˴
ضһжҪ¹ͷŮ
ֻңЩȽûˣʡȥɡ
ǡū澶ӵģ
Ч֮˵ʲôԸڳڻظԪԨٴλص
ʲô
ضߣȻȻļ򣬰һ
ضһ£ֱػ
̾˿ˡ
˽̣֪ôˡϣӦһ
Ԩļͷĵ
ػ͵춼ܺúѵ۸
ԣԹ塣
ضôһ㣬дʯͻȻ¡
ôôס°ϵ⣬۵³˳ʱһ֪Ǽװģ
쿴Ůƭƭˣѵѧһۣ
Ƴһۣͼ˦°˦ȥ֡
ض°ϵⲻţ˵ɿңҾɿ㡣
ԨȻˡ
ɡ
ͷס촽

ҹĻٺ̶һפҹ
ӪȼգžĲ쳣žҹĻɢ
һֻѻȻ񶥾ɡ
Ƭ̺󣬵ϮĺŽ˺ѻȸҹɫ


110 
ʲôˣ
ɿ͵վ
ǡǰҹڱɱ, ھ, ˵Ҫͳϰ̸С
̸Сʲô̸У
ɿɫѿ, ϼ˱Ҵľ䣬
ǶУؾޱҹɫ, ѹѹһȺھ׳ݸߵƥ, ضŻĵӪء
ϰˣϰˣ
㷲̶ӳԱ˳߷ֿɿ߳ɫࡣ
λúǺ⣿ɿ
ϰ忶, ֵҲԸΪѡһݸֻҪϰ³ӻһ, Ǿ͹뿪
λúǣɿɫࣺҲΪ˰£ϵĻ˵һ, һ̶ӶҪᣡúȱԾǮҳɿ, в, ТǣúŅ֣̀һգ
ޣһ׳һڣĵǴҽ, ѵֻΪǮԾ𣿳ͷ𾴾ƲԳԷƣ˸, ʱ
ɿ䱯ߵҶǺ, ֪ĲסֽɽƮ, ͬʱΪܵĲףÿÿǻʳȴҪأ
˭ĸͬ飬ӾǵҲΪЩĺ£׳ŭ
ҡ
ϰαظѿࣿ
һ̵𣬳ɿʶף㡪ȥ
ضѾߵȺǰˡ
ȡͷϵĹ¶һŲڵӡ
ҡҷӰһʸϣЦĿɫᣬҲ¹һ㣬ʹ˸еһĪ⡣
ȻֵŮӣ־Ļ߬סǵߡ
ʲôˣݸӡε
СŮ;ˣҵóϰȣҼһضϰǶʧ̶ӵ˻ȥҲ·һˣһƴı·ȻǲûʤǱȻߣλѪϴǣԺ󻹻̶Ӹ··𣿡
ض£߶鶼궯
ݸ¶ɫ׳޶ԡ
ضĿɨһɫףűͲףҵѪΪ˵ȥǸλԸһϰһ飬λ̶ҲᲩһСŮӶúŅ̶֣̀һ·
˵Ǿͷţǳһǿˣ׳С
ԡһǰδɢһʮͷĽ׳߳ĿضϣҪһ㡣
̶ʱ˭֪ϫūѾɻ飬һߴ๫ˣ๫أ
ضǱС͵վȺĸһ㵲ǰ޵ĿҪϴһ
׳ѹկˣ̶Ĳһֲȡ˽ǰȫһǡ
ǵ죿ض
ǡ
ضǣҵľ㡣
׳¶⣬Ҫ˵һֻļʸƿ֮Ȼ͸ҹɫȺ֮͵عᴩ塣
Ϯ񡭡
ͷڷĿ£ԴãȻ۾Ѫӿͷ塣
ۣ
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Ⱥ˻㣬׷źУһһصͷ­ȵϡãд׵Խһء
ɱǣ
߶ʮһ̶ӷߡ
ǰ̶ַӳԱȻ£Ǹڣ޿ˣֻܻӵҿ˸䣬ƥ£лƵ£Ҳɷ˫ȭ֣ϡͿͱ˸ȱ
ضһʱ䱻һƼΪ˸©ᵶ忳
ɱ
ûϵǸݵŮ˻벻ʱˣСѾѡ

ɫ񣬽յСΪһӰʹĿȫǵϡ
ɱʲô˲ģ
˵ᣬ˳Ժˣ˳ŮˣѵŮ͸
ƽŰաŮ˵׻ĿѪҺȴڣҲȴ
ˡ
Ů˵ںӱߣȴֺʪţһҪΪ³ڹ
Լ˭ȥ˭ȥ
ӮˣɱķΪѾѾѾ˳ǸóֻŮ˵ˣΪⱲӶֻȭ˳ܵˡµʱ򣬾Ȼŵ˿ӣ
ƽˣƽٺκһˣ
׻Խ᾵Ķϣͷͻ̵ĸϬţµضǰ
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׸мżˣҧȥ׳סӵ֣ϸ¶ϲЦݣһƬĵʹǻ˳
󡭡硭׳ؿ̳ĵ⣬̧ͷɴ˫ۣɫ꣬ԡ
һ׳һѪڷɡ
߸ص䣬ɻһƬһ
úġ
껰δ䣬ʧȥʶ֮ǰĸԴڵϹһ⣬ڱմ
ǰУȺͬʱٴһˣؽͼ̶ӷߵƬ̣ʬֳޡ
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˫ͨ죬ĲӼβУµѪ
ǳˣǻô죿
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ϰԼֻ¹ȣ⼸ȴ˲ʮȥ׺ڳӺߣһγϰһÿӸǵǳһϰʧȥصũ񣬴ӿʴȣȴǲƣ𱨣
˶ǵأޣ̶Ӹ¡ǲɱˣҪ׼ǵˣ⾿Ǻε
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ݸӵǸҪԻڣĻȴĴ̵߲
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û̧ͷǲ°͹䡣
ƤɫҪ̴ؿڡ

һѪĳͻؽˡ
ݸӴʧҹɫ֮С
Ӫ̶ӳԱͬЭʰо֣صͬԻŵģֹѪΣѾģ͵ڸ
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ЭڿӵĻͷ󺹣ͣЪϢʱ
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˭֪ء
Ů˵Ļһһ㶵ģһƬհףԶԶĴʷǧƣ๫ˡҪˡ
ΪʲôҪ뿪Ҳˣ޼ȻôΪʲôǵ˱𣿡
һ˸Ҫ˵ɿһǲɣͻȥϢڱǵľˣ
¶Ҷԡ
ڶգ̶Щˣһָֻƽ
βʱݸٴ̶Ӫء
ǻʲôɿȺ߳ɫѿ
ݸӿһۣҪҹλˡ

ڳɿĿضŹǰݸӡ
Ǻ⣿
Ҳ֪λ֪һݷǷҲˡݸӵͷᶨ˳ʿ¹ʮλҪеɱǹУûһԹԡǡ
̧ͷˣһһ
λı֮棬ԸֵͶ
ضҪĳ⣿
Ǵɽկв
Ҫ֬ǣ
ƿԡ
ҧҧӻȡһذףԸһֱͶϡ
ֱáضȻͬһˣΪβǹͬĵͷ­չʾĳ⣿
ˡ
ɽկһȫǺ˵ɽկӶ·ĺˣһڡǡһۿŮϵꡣ
޲̬֪һˣǧˡ
ǵ˱Ƕ࣬Լٺˡ
˼ˡ
ضҷ԰æ㡪Ϊ¡
Ȼ
ضߣޡ
һֻѵʨڵվ
֪Ҫʲô𣿡ʡ
꽫ӵͷ
֪ˡ
ոƨˡ
ضĸ˼Щһ仰ѪӿŭѪѹһα
Ͳſڣɿˣÿ˶һĺӣ飬ʮּ
սû
ɿ͵ľУ¶ںڵһһǹ
˴ƹ;ǹΪʮǰ׹ڽʮݵʯ˽ղأڸ£ʤ
ɢѪϢĳ/ǹϦںڵ⣬Ԩ/ǹ˵ɴ۾ص˵ࡣ
ŵ𳤹˳Ĺ׾뿪
ܺáٷͣɿ˿ͷǱá
ԨŲһͬ뿪ˣضеȴκ󣬲ˣ˫ָ
Ѿˣضʡ
ǡɽկһֱĶ֣˸˵ͷûʲôʡѾֵǣ޵ǲ
վǰڣضһʸ
ɫ̫ÿɫҲ̫ÿԼǵŮ˵Ϸ̵ģ
ǰͶĸĿ⡣
ܿˡ
ضкƽͣһŷֽ
ӣ㲻𣿡̲ס
ضɫĵؽʲرͲ
ģʲôõĵģ
ӡֹѱʲ嵽ˮˡ
Ŷ

ʱ֣ӪȻ֡
ٶԡѪսʿ˲ý⿪ͼæӪſȥ
Ԩ߽ڡ
ڣһҹδ˯ضվ
ԨѪ߰ߵǹ͹ϴһɼźѪζ
ضһ֪ʲôͻȻͣ¿˿Լϵİ߲Ѫ
ȥ衣
תҪߣضѾڣ

Ԩתӭһӵ
嵭ϵѪҲ嵭ǹɻδƽϢѪս⣬Ԩ˫֣ӵ
ûУʡ
ûСո˵꣬͸ĿڣСҪҩ
Ρ
ͷһ㣺梣ÿ㡣
ӣϰˡСѡ
ضƿ꣬æ˵
ɿɫƽԲͬһ̵˵֪
ضȥš
˵ͷߵ⣬ĵΪ˷š
ϰ롭
ضû˵꣬ɿѾ۹ȥ
Ͷأһ׼ĳ
ɿ䱣ֶͷƣ
֪֮ӳɴΡݼŻӡ񾩳
ضɫƽԤϡ
˽ʮ֮һ֪֮ӣҸݰտ꣬еҸ̼໥ʳòͶ
ҸȻ˳ţȴԸЧҴΪĽ߳ŭҸ޸ȫǰյǰ
ɿ˫ȭգ
Ѫϴɸʱֻʮ꣬ǸһԼ͵컻վһСüҾ֮Ůģش缺²
ڸ͵ᵽ뺣ɣռ˾Ż˫ߣȷǵݣ
͵ʮ꣬һǳɸѪ𣡡صؿһͷ̧۵ѪλӣǲûǹǣǱ̽ģǱҪոʮݣ
ɼسǲʹɽƮ㣬Ϳ̿Ը֮ǰΪ⸴ʮݾϹᣡͷ棬ϴڴڶʹĥ£ʮ֮ĲͼеС
Ըʿ䣬λԮ֣Ƚʮݰ˷ˣ
ɴοͷֻȻ֮ڡ


111 
𡣡
ضԷ𳤹ĳɴΡ
ɴ, ס, ѩ׵ͷƣ
ò, ˭ܿһ֮ˣ
ʮУ֪ƿãҸ嵨, ûйҲп, ʧݣʱҲҲԹóɼˡΪңΪ, Ϊ˳֮ģ, Ľнʮ꣬Ҵ˷Թ⸴ɽ, º͵һˣ
ɴƵƵᣬۿͨ죺͵ʮ, Ȼû
ض̾˿Ѿ˶, ҪԷƱ
¡֪Ǻδ㣿ɴνƽǲĴʱ
ûдֻҺ;ŻӶˡ
ɴһ㶣ʧ֮ɫ¶
⡭λ¹Ȼֻ鱨ģ
ֻǵ鱨, ºβǲרҵϸ
ɴԻҾֵ볤󡣡
;ʦǰضЦǮ, β͵ضȡ
ɴһ, 칰ֵ޶, Ǳ»Զ
һ£֪
˵
Һ;Żӵ籩¶ֻȫΧˣˣݣʱȶѸ¡
ɴɫ࣬Ҿֵһؿƿ
ڰ֯һ飬鷳׼ء
ģʱ֮ǰ׼ʡ
μӾҺ;ŻӣԼͲǶֳϯת𡣡

ɴȥͰˮˣŸɸݣȴͦȵؽˮתƵСԡͰ
ȫ̶ֻضСüԡͰ˶һСһС
ˮԥվͰߣ֪ԼĹԡضĿܺ;ȣЦȥſŰա
ظͷȥ⡣
ضҪתѾӺסͷ˵
˵õģˡ
˭˵ˡ
ضµİŽҶسܴô
·ĴβŽҶ¶꣬βͲϰŽŷһĦ
ضɿʱһʱ䳯ӵĹͬҪȥ
Ҫ麣ѵζ
׵ͷԣһЦһϣ㶼û㣬վŸ󣬻˱
ƽˣ֮
ضһš
ǺᵫܶΪɫǣȻǿǿɫף
ɺޣɺޣ
Ԩ㲻֪һİõؿʼ£һϴ𣿡
ض룬һ۵磬ҪԨһ⣬˭룬һתͷѾعƨɵȽͰ
ûһᣬ˿ɵ
ضԼĶ䣬Ϣרȥڣùˡ
֪һ𣿡ضŵ
û˵ǴϢˡ
ض
˵ǿµģǰĦĶһȣ첽߳
æͷӣǲˮã
ˡضҳ͸͸
ɵſһۡ
ϰԼϴض
ǸӣӵķҲǸ÷
ض˵ἤܣֻû뵽ıʱô
վȶҪˣߴˮ졣
˵ȣʱԨѾһ롣ضߵ£·ɿ£һͳŶ׵ǰ
ԼʱԵʣģ˵Ƕףֺ°Ͷϣһֻſһǣֻһ˫͸ڸĶת
һԵĽӣϴĳ
ɴѾ֪ǵݡ
˹ᣬӦһ
ǰǽ󲻱αװ
αװʲô
ضĳαװޡ
궸ȻĬϢΪ֮һ䡣
Ԩһ컹ȥġضˮĻȥھһлصԭеģ
Ĭú󣬺Ȼһѽ
ߵĺڷ䵽ϣϡ
ԨڶԵֺ͵ȱߵϥǰ£һ˫ŭֱؿ
˵ԭеģ
ܿһֻݡ
Լӭߣƽı˵ϴʱǫ̃ʡ
ΪĿ̹ģʱĥ𽥲˵ΪãֻΪ̫СĴ
£Ҿʮˡ
ʮضƽؿǸĴˣͻ˵
һ粽á
梣ûá˵˵ѾСˡ
͸ضĬ
ʮѾԵˡؿٵ۵ĵһӾʮʱеģһʮսʮ˵һӣС
ضü첻ǳ졣
Ԩκ󣬵
㣬ϻеڶΪҵǲ𣿡Ŀ䵽ʪĴϣƣ梣˵ű˵ôʹˣ
ضԶԡ
ʮ壬Ѿ֮꣬˵ǲ죬ȷʵ˵ġ
ͬˡмӣܸλСΧԨҲꡣ
ܿɹ¿ſ⣬ʵϸľ裬¿ɳ֮
֪Զˣعʱ˭
ҡ
˵Ļᡣ
һ죬βȻѾˣϹͣϹҲͣ
ضѶ챻ĥˣɿڵԱߡ
ܾҡ
ضͬһƬͷ֣ӹɵ
㲻ҵ⣬¸ܾҡ˵梣ҷ⡣
ضöû˵
ڣۡ
Σ
ͨ·ϣ⣬Σ

ɳɴɵľУ˻һͼĳ
ڵλáɴʳָͼһ㣬Ż˳ȥߣǹݣɳݣݡУݣôǹݴʷܻӹڴ˵زǧУֻҪ˳Ǳ˳ǣ㲻ٶȱǴ˵񸻱࣬رҷʮ
ɳƶ񤣬رиôǾԿõأʵرֻвİ٣ɳɽˮڶ࣬ûо财
кǵŵ㣬ΨһȱԶڶʹݡƣγɰ滷еľ档
ɴνƣ˻λ˲þ
ô룿ضڡ
ɳ£ôԵģʲôԵĽʿѿڵ
ɴһҲĬĬͷ
ǿѡһɳΨһѡ񣬸˼
ضÿɷ񣬿
أ
ɽկ˵ʮĶ֣ľǾʦһְٲ˶ԷǰĻش𣬵ֲΪβ⡣
ձǽͷݣҲֻٲı
ֻˣǹɳҲҪðգ⣬ѵ빥ݻݣ
Ůɫ䵭꣬Ϊµһڿȴˡ
Ұǰȥĵһʱ̧о£æͷ
ޡ
˹ޣⲻ͡ȵȣ
Ȼéٿ
Ҳôݸá˵
λ𾪵ؿ˼ֵ
ˣǸҪǡ˶ǣԡ
λֲϹ˽ӣĻһãȻüͷ
˵òضЦĴ˿̲֪ǵƻгϰ棬˶˳ݣ빥ǱȡóǧݿԭǧرжԣϳϰеĹݲͼսǵʤ󡣸οر࣬ƽҲֻ࣬Ҫ¹ݣʱõıԴ˾ͱԴһǾͿֱȡݡ
ָڴݵĺϣ˵߶ָߡ
ݡޡޡ˳ޡһ·Χݡɳ֮ȵƴʱԻ˽ҸӦ˷ѱռפ
أɴԵֲʵ
ض΢΢һЦȵݾлѷɡ
ɴεһĹ˼ͬȷʵˡ
ٺϼϸڡʱ򣬶΢Цֱǵ뷨Կ϶
鲽βض¹شǰλҪţһ糣
Ȼ
˴
ڶ첻̶Ӿ̳ڳʱ֮ǰִݳš
ͬضԤϣƽ̶̣˳ǡ
ɴν˴ĽԺֱʱ֪һ¡
սǰԱûбضʺϵˡ
һ㲻ʱ䣬ٶԸŲǰͶضԨۺᣬʣձһǰ²һѪͷһֲ̿
ҲûãΪ˳еһʯӣͷĶͱĶ
ضϣ˹˳ɴεʵݣòͼͳľͽʿеĿ־壬ſʼ
ó¡
ݻޣ仭ݽ
һȺүۿӻûɣضĹͼʼ
˺ˣɺһͬڴ˴³֮һ뿪ǡͨ籨ţս;жԼսѷһ
ضЩֲ̿϶ͣһ˲
ұ֤֮ǰͻ֧顣
һְԲ׳ȺкƾʲôһŮ˵ģ
˽
ضδ˵ԱǹԨǹȺ
ͲȴѰӸΪߴټҹϮްģ̫ԨһȺΧǰ˾Զֿһ·
ߵǸǰ
ҡ
ɪһ£úˡ
ҡԨ
ʲô
£㲻Ҿֱӻ֡
־ɵؿΧԽԽ
£費Ҫɴɫԥض
ءضԹۣԨʱҧӳȫһȭ
Ԩֱ̧ۣɵסӵĳȭ

ӱɫҪӳڶȭԨ˳һšƷ
ֻɫҰף̲סҽӲ֪ǿƷ絭һ֣ʵʴ֮
һƣ׳ϣ۵죬ɷס
̧ۣΧѻȸˣ
ƾġ
ɴʱУضҾֵΪ
ضжᣬ
ȫ䵴ħۣǷ˷ʳ˶ħΣ
ɴμãе£䵴ħ۶ᱣ쿪ʤ
ŶºضŸɴμְ
ԨΪ佫ΪɴΪ٣ְλȨС˳λȻضûԼκְλǼ˸ոһĻ˶֪֮λڽ֮ϡ
û˸սȨ
ҹȼ˽ʮݵԭ֮


112 
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ݳ, ǵ۷׷ס
ǲ֪˰ɣݳҹ͹, ˡһVֶµӶڳǰЦһ֪Ŀ׷ʡ
ʲôˣ
ô֪ģ
¶⣺Ǵݹģ·ϵһ, յʱѹءҾպһҹ, 롭
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ɫ, ϰΪ˱߱Ŀ, Ժò¶˵Ц
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ǿȺкȻ˱ɫָų¥һ󺰵
һŴͷ˴Ӽ⴦õϵĹݶм䡣
ѪܵͷĿĻ۾ϴ, ڷת
ȱľˡû˾ʧ, ӤĸŮҲۿ, ϶ͬһԻ˭Դ
ѵҹϳ¥ˣ
Vֶµź, һãȻضŷתͷôòˣ
ǡȺΨһһ˲ݴʷ

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˰Ӽľʱڶʹĥڸܱߵʿ
˵ʲôĥͨ죬ͶصĴŹ١
ԴŹٵһ˵ټͰˡ
Źٻĺ鲻ϴӶͷ䣺ݡ췴ˡݴʷ귥Ѿͷʾڡ
ĥɾյ˱ǵĳƴ¡
еȻһƴϡ

˱õбȥ
ĥӵ̧ôߵɸĴŹǰһŽߵ
һȺ
ŹˤڵأϵѪ˲òּҴݺá
ݴʷɿˣڶʹϢŭ귥˾֪Ҳ˲Ŷ˹ݡ˷ųɲ˴£Ϊɱһ귥췴ɹǾʹشˡǵĽڶʹ˾յ㣬Ӣ䣬սĥԣѰ·
ĥ߻ϯǰ£ɫ
御ޣϱΧˣҪڶǰΧ˳ɹĺϢμ췴зѺɱֱӷͽʿ
Źսսˡ
߳ʱĽʯ˿
̧䣬˲ѪҴһص
ͬӼŷ御ޣͬһʱ䣬Ѿָյƽ
ݳɽֵϣһƽɵĳӽͷŵβ
ұÿ˶Уɴǰûˣȥһ
һоĸˬӦһ̧ſյĹ߻ʳ¥
佫ʴȣҲõģֻҪЭûпˣɴվǰЦݵشڶ༤ĸ
佫˶ǵľˡ
Դ佫ӹ˹Ժ󣬳˶ˣҲصҹŻᱻ˴ˡ
˻˿ַ
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ȴ󱯵ĹϣŮԸի佫ͷձϴСӡ
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ӣҪһ裿æ
ĸ뷢ģǼϸܺ飬ǰŮȻɫѩ
Ǻ˴ָ⣺ˡ
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ӣҪδʡ
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ŷǣ
ؽʮݰҲغҺͷ޵δǻҲ䵽
ˡ
㽫СһҪУţԻ֮š
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ضΪ׼õֶ̲һЩɻصļȥʰձ
뿪ߵߣҪƴ͸һ͸
̵һСѾͷæǰˣūɡ
СѾͷǰضӽϼģĸ˫ضһͷ͸ˡ
ضȡΪ
ضžȥš
ԨڣҲˣһ׶ûУضŴͺͺ֦̾˿
飬״ʤ̾ͻˣҪ˼дһŰɣһҲ˵ģ
ҲŲض૵
˲뽫أ
ٿ㻰޵粻򵥡ҩҪûУȥ
Ļıȥ
ضǰ룬̿һµֽĄ̊́˵㣬д£
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ʹɴӹصػصϣ۰ĺСò˼ζûӦ
аĽС֣̾
Ȫүﷳ㰲һᡣ
үôˣȪӨŮ޹ǵϣһԲϱ᣺մĥȪٲүģȪڱˡ
˵ʲôүͷ⣬ү˭ܲ㰡ԵСôʹһŰ߷ˣȪӭС檣ʾû˿Ǽʲôģɰúܡ¶߱ˣ췴ˡ
ʲôȪ¶ɫǷ᲻
ܣʹնһҾյڶʹˣȺ졣
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үĹ٣ȥʲôսѽҪи̣Ȫôȥ
Щˣһ˫ǣۼ˴ᣬʹɵĶҪˡ
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Ȫת棬˵ʹɻεε˼Ҳǵү˴̶ǽΪʲôүҲҪȥأ
ϣ˵˭ģ˵ҵĽģԸ𣿡ʹüͷԽԽݴʷȥˣҲȥǽҵݱΪĴͷ
ʹԽԽķҪǷȥɣ˭Ըȥǵ۵ĵطðգ
ŭ𣬲ȪȪϾͲ
үڻ
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ʹɴˣˣ
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ˡɫ

ʹɴҴϳ¥ѹѹĴһġ
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ɱ
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113 
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ʮڹɹڽڶʹӦ֮ǰΧ, ֱһѮ, õȲݾ, Ҳϵʿ, ŷݿܲá
Ϊʱ
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ĥĻаĽ̻Ի͵鷿, ѡڽͼĽ򴥷գڵǰ͢ʮ
λԭҲܳΪһ뼦ǰ
û֮̽
, Ľˡ
аĵֳ, ĵ
˶£
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ˣʣʮ, ޸˭Ҫȥ
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Ҽǵ, ƺֻ, ˵, ԡаĵ
ǡд¡̹ش
޸ǰ

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аĺŻعһЦݵ
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էһ޹ɣϸܷ֣ӵģǶͯ׵
аЦ췴˾һ弸ӵĹͷģţ˾ͷӲĶǶȻȻ޵ġ·ƾƷ
λ󳼱亹ʪ͸󱳣ԡ
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ߵҤ޻ƵıͰǰ黯һıͰ
ͰڷĲҽУа¶Цݣͼǰ˵Ķˣ
һ󳼹Ҿ֣ػϣ˵ĥ𲻿ϻؾһ¡
ԡĥȻǲϻؾģؾ޾͡аĶ˶٣һ̧ͷʱһЦˣ󻻽ԹŶǴɣ޾ٸһλᡣ
Ͱûˣջ֣¸ˮ棬һֻɫʰ쵵ʬƮС
а̾˿һ޿κεӣ
ްѡ·͸ĥϣܶ޿ģҪٽʧˡ
ڳʵ¡

׵Ƴɵġ·ʮպ˽ڶʹĥ鷿
аĸĥ˹ǽ̤ŵĥ𵱼ʣµʮݴʷдױšʮϣһдҲҪѹ
ССսһڷ˼ʮʧȥĳһûûװʮ
򵽺ʮں֮ѧˣ֮ǰ֧̽̽˭죬ͷ֮Ǹº꣬Ǳˣжܶ졪ÿݶӲͷݣʮϾһ£ԽԽԼԽԽ١
Ϊ˲Դضץ׳Ͷ·˷˾ټĴӪݡ
ضѰ齻˳ɴΣڽʮݳ˼ϸ£ܹõر˭˭ϸ
δضʱ໨˽Ӽԩѵİϣкò˷˵ĵط࣬ǺܿÿʷԩĿ֮ʤ
ΣѾգضʼ߷ãĴůÿοʣǡ©ϢΧۡ
ӹӡˢе/űͬЯŽ뻹δ/ŵʮݣȺ˷˵ҹĻ٣͵£ʶֵŸΪֽĵҳдʲô۵ĶȰһףΪѵصΣһһ
ڹݿοʳǿɲҪμʹڼ磬ΣŬΪʮݵĹ⸴찲ȫȶĴ󷽻
˿ݣһս˵Ľʿ߶սʿڴսı֡
佫ٷϾ󽫸ɱ佫ն£
̽ʧˣսʿĸֻܾȽף
佫ȣ·ƽεܱ߷կһս
űȻÿ¶׼ʱ͵佫ͷ˵佫һͷþó˼
תۣʱ䵽¡
ʮϾһûջֶݡ
ϾľνͷöҲᣬݴʷϲ
佫ȡһǣӢۣ
˵ɱն֮ǰŵأΧ۵Ͼô࣬Ȼûһ˸
˶ҷϣĵ佫Ӣ˫
˵佫оأ͵Ľܲʤ̣
ð޸һӢۡ
佫أ֪ȹҪɣŮӣѾ˵񾩳⣬˭ܱȵϣ
Ů޲űǵ£佫
˼Ҷɣ˹˵ʲô
㡪
԰ɽضεȥ¶
ˬӦˣ߳ɽ˵ʲôأһ

۱˸ŵĸŮȥˡ
صɽʯͤضһƤ֦¶ְ۵һ⡣
ضһҪ̾ŷһᣬ
֦Ҳ³Щض
Ҳƾܣ߸˵ˡ
ضֻԣˣ㲻𣿡
ضðʮָĸоֲ뿪ڽź
Цҳҩ̫ܳʳЩա
ûˣҪǽַˣҪն£˼ǵð˵ûڵķرߡ
ضЦãôǷǲ֣
֪һ˶һֻ֦з˺ͱ˵𡣡
ضȻĬϵЦ⵭Щ
û쳣ʣѵ뽫Щ𣿡
ضʯ΢Ц԰գڻ԰ۼ֦ٻ
æʣҪļ򣬽֦˷ѡ
һڿĺ԰ض߰΢ЦȥˡݴʷǸ֮ˣ԰¼õ壬ǻʱĵĻƱǼ⣬ȴ͡
Ԩ뿪ʱջģαζˡ
ռϷ磬ʹУûһʹԽԽе
صһˣģ¼
ѵ뽫Щ𣿡
롭Ҳ롣
ضŪ԰С˴ȡһֻӣصؼ֧ŵ۷ɫ¼ŷݱС
ˣԨӵұĳ仨֦չ¼ºЦݣ
λá
һɷθĳ嶯ӿϺͷü˦ȥ϶Ц⣬һĨЦ⣬̬߸ϵ
λǾסڶߵСԺɣ᷿뽫鷿Ҳ㽫̽ǡ
׻˵úãб޻ԨﻹСδˡ
ʮ꣬¥Ů澡ɲʣżʣοھӪͷһ˵ľŮˣǺ󣬵һȥĵطҤӣʵڲҶԽǰ㻷Ԩ̫ϣ
οŴҪҪͨܵġ
ҪǴŮˣø˲Ŷԡ
ø˲Ŷԡ
ض˼ˣû
ĵضŭ꼸¼ϡã泩ˣŲлЦ
Ϲز࣬λԼԺس趨ʡ
ȵȡ
Ҫǲֹô죿
Ҫǻ˫ӵô죿
ⶫСԺɷŲôˣ
ضüͷһȻͳĹ
һ飬δͷ㱻
ϤϢϤױ׽Ŀɿڴӳ꣬һ֦񼱴Ҵұ԰󺰵
ˣء
ǰһĻϱ죬תܡ
ض˶κˡ
ԨС檣һ·ֱϴֱϥǹϼӴضŴγѣϥǵסѹ塣
㡢ôˣ
ˡ
ؿ峺ɵֻӳһ˵ӰһڷӼ£İ֯巢ȥƷβǴĺˣһ˿΢
һ˿䵽ضؿڣСӤָṴġ
겻ˣ׳ˣӲʣӵͳˡ
˲٣ûб仯˫صӴԼĻǧһĴݡ
Ĵͻɣɢ
ôǰأ૵
ˡ
㲻ǰ򣬳ô죿
ֻв֪ҲھУҪǳ£Ҿͻȥɱޱ
û㣬ܻд˲µ㲻ݡ
Ҳܣ㣬һʮ졣ףҰѲǰ㣬ͣ
ض࣬ȥƵѹԵǰͬ󺣵ССˮΡ
ûŵİζ̧ͷ
ˣһһҹĿ梶𣿡
ض۵׵ڣ̲סգҲˡ
һʱۼֿ찴µмϥǣֳڻСӡضûüɵһ˳ȥ
ԨɿĴЬתְԼϵѥ㶵
Ҫʲô
β°̧𣬵ͷĴࡣ
жش⡣


114 
ضҹ˯øⰲȡ
ѵҲ硣
, ﳼҲ
ضʱְģ׼ĵط֣ÿһΣָ͵һΡ
µؿָһиתĵԼϡ
ض˯ѵһ, ֻܺСèȡ
Ԩץס, غʮָۡ
ˡ
һģ͸ѿһ
ضϰΪӦһ
š
˵梣ˡ
š
, Һ㡣

ضת, Ϻϼȴ˸ƵĶ䡣
㻹Ҫ˵ٱ飿
˵Ҳ˵ҡȾϺεĶ, ҸдôţΪʲôʮһţ
ÿնŻѵҲÿնģھҲæ
ҲæҧһĶ, ̧ͷ鷢סֻæ梡
һ, һ֣ض޿ˡ
û˵ʲôе, ȴҪÿ졣
ضתƻ⣺ʲôʱȥ
ѡĺصġ
ضʱ, ͺƤ, ȸͺƤ, Ҳ鲼ۡ
šԨһԼֱ**ļŪˡ
ÿࡣ
Ǵɣ˫ӵҲˣﻹ˯һ
ضϴͭǰ纷ʱԨ
ھӪҲɢǵоʱǺã
Ƴһۣƺ˸⡣
ĵطû˸Ϯ
ضòܷԴ׷ʵҪ˸أ
ˮ̧ͷˮϴϴĸɾӣֲ˲ӻؼӡ
˵֡Ѵʪ鷢ȥˮѻ㳤£һ˫ں͸ϵʪᡣȥɱ
ض֡
˹ֳȥԹԵͷϣԲ⡣
һĻҪЩʮˣһŵǵ°͡
۵ؿˣ纺ͷ˳˷䡣
Ԩȱӱ§
梣梣梡
䲻㺰أ
ͭضĦ梣һȥݰա
ۼһԾĲ
򶨵ס֣Ӳϸ뿪
ˣ˭֤ȶ
ɴΡ
ȥݣʲôأ˵Ľˣ
Ľ˿ܻ˴ӦĽˡ
飬ֻᵽ˶Ȩζ
ͭģδע⵽է⣬µСָĶҾʹĶ
ضȾ˵
ʲôʱȣ
ʮռ˰ݡ
ҼסˡķĿƵضžģӰռ˰ݣҲҪҵߡ
ضװʲôû
ԨĻϢڷضΪ㲻ܳŵҲĴһʱ䣬ֻص˻˷ʱ򡪡ÿÿһԵ޺϶˯һҪˣû˽Ҳһʱתء
˷̾˿
ôˣ޺С
˷еĴˡ
梺ȥ
ꡣ
ӣĵʱ򡣡
ض֡
ÿһֶΪʰ˹ÿζһγ֡
ͷСһھҧ˲ӵļݣǰӲ¶
Сʱ°ͣЦ
ܺԨһ𣬰Ҳܿġ
ĬƬ̣˵ҾҪˡ
ضֲԭء
ϸ룬գҪʱ䣬ȷˡ
˵Ͱ梳ߡ
ضѹӿ꣬Цã梶ġ
ĵ˵ñȳĺ˵Ҫ㶼ҵģֻһΣҲȵ컹ѡ
ض޻ֻЦЦ
ڶգҹĻһ䣬ԨȲ˴ʷ
ض׼ñ˭룬Ԩ׼Ҳ֪ôģȻƻ߳;
ʲô
ضϵĶߣѧҲ˷ϲδİ׺ߡ
֣סǣǰȥ
Ԩ˵˵ھе°աض
ʲô
˶ˣʿз㣿о̵·ûʲôѴ
ؾĻصѾ˵ˡ
ϲǡ
Ҳ㵣ġ
ʲô˵а梵ġ
ԣڵԵĶƤëСˣһΣұΧֱϰһ£ɼǣ㿳ʹ
ضĶ
֪ҵ塭ˣֻЩۡ˶٣˵ֻҪһ𣬰֪Ҵʤ̻ж࿪ģҾҲˡ
ԽϣԽͻ˼գضǰһ֮ɣյûš
һΪԼĶһ֪Լһֱȥݶԣı֣ɣͻΪһˡ
ìܵںڣʹĬ˵
ҹ˾һһһӰ·ϣʱ߹ֵؿһϵߣִҴˡ
ɴ¹ڶ۵ʮָϣĵҹɫֻͳºʣһյս赭дһʴ
ԨϰߣȴǲΪÿʿսĵ
ٽֵĻǺӴˬķ磬д֪Ļ㣬ޣƢ
·Ŷһ׷ԲԵ֦Ҳ֪˶ã֦ʣ࣬ɳüڱⵣϣһضˣڴĿοǡ
֦Ȼ
˵֦ɣض˹ȥһС˵һ䣺Ҫˡ
ϲضһ䣺ȥʷ
˿˿ֿ˿һĸߴԨһ˫ɴˡ
ضЦˣһĶɻΪǱܡ
סͷҪλǮλ˷˵Ĵˡ֦СԼֵģλϣС˵ҡС͸λȥʷ
ضв£겻鲻ԸְСͷ
ض̣һϵزˡ
˼֦ɽȥʷǧл뿪ض֦
ʶʣ峺ĻǺϴϴ֣ϰΪظ
һһԵڰ˸ʱȻ̾һι
ضһۣ㲻Ը⣿
Ը⡣ͷˮߵιһӡ
ضһ죬ͷײȥ
ǸƽնװĴβǣ߻Ե㣬һ˺ض˹ȥ
梡̵㰮Ľ𣿡
ض
ǰ梵һĽá¿һˮ֦ǵĻɱһǰ梵һĽˡ
Դÿղ֪Щʲô
Ҳ㿴ҵԴÿնʲô֪ĸҪġ
ضһ㶡
ѾջĿ⣬֦ĹƤ͹һ
رܸϢĿռ䣬֪λش⡣Ԩ׼澭ÿһıߣ˵ñ˭졣
ôһһģ￪سĵ̡
ҰĶ޾ģһһķı֪ıȴҲֶΡ
ˣҲֻǰꡣ
Ԩ֦Ϊġ𡱣ߵӱ߶ϴ֡
ıӰٸн
ǰȱļƣڿˡûļƣֻȫõˡ
ˡҲ·Ϻúȥ
˻ǣǰȥ
˲ˮ¹ǰߵһ·ʱضǰĹߺע⡣
ݳҹв֣˴Ѳĵԭдҹ
кɣӿŲ
תֽǣյһҫĵƺסۡ
ɴɫܽ翵յУƮҡϵӰҲ֣֮ڷд֣ڶ˲ϸƷڲͷ΢Цȼʣʮ㡣
մĦôܻ˴Ʒ
ϦڵʱҲߡ˵ǰ梹ϣһ죬ܳһҡ
ضھͽˡ
Ҫһ롱Ҫ˵޶
ԶܻΪҹϦض
ֹ
ǣƺȥ
梻ǵһǸƻ𣿡
ǵá
һֱиź
ͣ½ŲתŰ׺µ
գҲǴİ׺ߣƻỹû꣬˴ꡣҶһ£ϸʪķۣĴʪ۾ң˵Ҫģ㶼ҡ
Һܺڡ
ضʣʲô
Һܺڣû㡣
ӦѾ˵ϡ
ôס졣ԺֻܱܣĻȣĺҲȡ
ֲԼǷʧΪҹɫֻһٵѷҡ
ʱǱͣˣҲͳǵͷۻ˫ȷȫܼվ꼤ҵϵȴᣬ޵ĦһƤ
ضƲ
ҲƲ
½ӺƿҲƿ˭ռˣõ׼ֻδȫˣδζƲ
Ҳֻǲƿ
ô治Ըͷˡ
ǡ
թǡ
޿κεǡ
һˮķǵڶΣΡ
һѾˣΪݵһٺǵøףһͷûȵĶǣ޲ھͰԸĨ
ضסĲӣ̧ͷӭȥ
ˡ
£ûźˡ


115 
ȥ, һգ, ꡣ
̤̤, һС·ͷת˳ߴ׳Ľʿͳ, ݡµ۵͵, һ, ǿˮһˮ󺣣һ˿
һֻҺɫץסһϸ֦, ѹ֦
ͷעǰеĳӡ
̵ҶƬ֦ͷӳű
̻οľһɫӰ죬ѹȣѹŲ֦Ƶָ, ʵ, մѪ, Ҳ˾ó
޷ŮȫòȻƾ⿰ƾɫһֻ, ƽ޲ĺҲܵ
ֵ¿ȴȼŻ, ٺɫĻȿ, ֻһˡ
, Ҳܲס濾
ضȾѪǣ޲衣
ȥ꿪ʼͲ˿յҲۡ
ſһС죬˰ԴˣˡҪˮЩˮ
΢СȰˡضЦЦжòŵݣ
ͷ߼ݳĳ˵ʲôתͷˣǰǾܽݳţ
ضûнӻȻ²ԹԵ˵ݶ׼ˣʷĵúڹʱһģһһҲõĲ㡣ģ֪˽յִҹнҹͨﵩӪҵ
ЦڴҶ֪ҪͷҪڽԼء
ضҲЦЦ
ʱԨȺ⸴˹ϡ御ߵȰݣضҲŵԣµڰ˳̴ݺ󣬴Ӵ󷽹תشݡ
ӽǵʱоһ˿ա
ԵΧȺѻȸһ˫˫µ۾ĳӣȻһͯѸ˵ȺԳӳһ
д̿ͣˣ
ˢˢˢһ󵶽һġס֡ǼϺͯĵ˻
ϣһ
ͯĸŻعɫس˳ȥһѱסӣ令ڻС
˴ȱ˴ȱҶС£Ҷɡ
ϳͷЪҪԼӵͷǺͯŲվԭأϹ򣬲ϰݣһ˫޵۾ɫӰŭ
ҲˣΪʲôҪǣͽͽͽ
߰ͣ˫а۾ȴ֪ޡ
ض̧ʾⲻ軤ߵͯǰȷѾʯĳ߰Ѫĸˡ
ͯ޼ɣİɣҲ
ȸ˿ڣͯŤҪٺģҪɱҪг
ضڿŭ
˭㣬ˣ
ΧȺOO@@˽
ͯКϫūɫһ㻹˵Լˣ
ͯɫ𪣬кȴǱ׼ĺģԶһĻѪʮʧʮ꣬Ѹ汲֪Լ˷ˣҲ֪ߣЩﱲأ
ǿߣĲǵĹ
𣿡ضʡ
ҵȻǣ
𣿡ضһԸˡսս̧ͷ游ˡ
游ˡض㲻ǡ
ǣ
㲻ǡ
ǣǣǣͯȪӿŭ󺰣Ȼûж飬Ҳ֪Ӻɷ򣬾̰Ϊˣȴ٣˷ǣҲ㣡Һ㣡ɱҰɣǲĵģ
һٶ˥ߡ
ͯ˻ߣضɻ㲻ǡ
ڸ˻ҪҲʹ飬ƴ
԰շ׷¶ͱݵɫݺ͹ݲͬѾףڴģԽǽڴģԽأˣ̴ˣδո޵ȵؽˡ
ض㲻ǡ
̧ͷ¶ݵˣһһٵ
Ƕǡ
ֻбӹǵĹңǲ񡣡
ıӹĻʱӹǵĸĸ٣ӹ𣿣
ӦŮӵĴڷ졣
Ӱֽȴֱġ
سǧأˣеļңСҾһ𣬲ŵҵĴң
Ƽݣްգԩ޴˵ϣ޴šﴦжʳ֮ˣȴгԲ⸬ĸã޳ɫʡ˶ɣǵȮ顪еһԱ𣿣ңĵеһԱ𣿣
Ȼɱֲͯ
˶ˣʲôˣ
ȴÿļⶼڲ
ȺĴ֮
ͯ޺ٴĲɱҵҪǣǷֿɱҵҲŹǣ
˾彻ӣͯͣȻضѾŭ𣬿ڵ
سǵĽʿ
ҵֻһˣֻһǺ«ˣͯĸ׵֣޺ҺǣҵϾҪˣǺģҳˣһɱ㣡һɱ㣡
ضǰݴʷĽƲԣָңʲôһѺȥ
ס֣ضһȣʿǲͣ¶
ͯʣ˵ǸˣôΪɱ
˵ˡ˵ˡͯĸȥͯĿڡ
ſض˵
ͯѸ޵ǹ̴ݣҵ˳ʲôûȴҪȫǵһΪʲôҵǸˣǺ«˶֪ҵʲôûУ̴ֻݳΪʲôҪɱɣ
ȺУԽԽࡣ
ҵҲȥ̴ݡ
ҷҲ̴ݡ
ҼҸҲ
ģضûһ˿
תŲֱ˫ĿĻͽ죬̴ˣ

˭ģ

Ϊʲôû˸ң

ˡ
סһһֵؼˣҪ
Ҳڲ˵ö¡ûɽڵ֮Ȼûкùӳԡ
̫¡
Զϼ죬ãĺɫĽ٣ĩ֮ʱֻһʱ
ضԥ
ǰضŭĿӣһȣÿ
ˡ

һۣ֮ͬһԭؿճ𤣬á
ضɫѩס
ȥ̴ݡ
ε˳ӣͣرֵţһ̲ͣس̴ݶȥ
̴ݾݲԶȻǿӱޣҲ޷һʱ֮ڸϵ̴ݡ
ۼϦѾһ룬ض￪ڣͣ¡
ߡһͣȡ
ض߳Ծͳһƥҡ

̴ݳţʮƽ廨⣬ŮٽУڶ
һ˫˫ű䶯Ҫܵĺ˱·Ľһ߻Ⱥһڣ
ĺù
Ƶʱзͼܵ˶ȭ߸ϻط²Ⱥ
̴һսʱ߸£á
ʱڰۺԺԵУııϸ̿ͣ伫ȻȡʤҲ˲νʤ
ܹѪծѪһƬ衣
϶ոջҧһڣ˵򵱹ǰɣԼʲô˶֪ˣ
ǱƵġ
˸ſڱ⣬ӭͷһɧĻˮ
ûĶȥɣ
šŹҵӡ
Σ
ʿջؿ̧˱˼£תˡ
һž׵ݸ߽Ҵ߹ǲÿʵţԱѡʲô꿪ڵ̫ˡ
ͷҲûأŴһŸɫ

һݣͷ첽ȥ
˵˵ļã
ͱСö࣬ѳվߣŭΣֺС
ʵϣΪһŮҲֻʱ䵱Ůɫͷ¾áɫӺá˳ɫһҪȥˣײһɫ
궢Ǽɫĳ۰Σڡšһ
˿ٴСˡ
֪ˡĵ
תߣȻϢ𣿡
ʱǰӦڴʷˡæվȻˣɴԵҲһˣ̷ѵõ֪ͨҹͨӪҵйƣҲˣ˵ģ˰ۡ
Ӧһתȥ
ĩյĺںڼУ鶯˸ҹĻ棬Ӱ˵Ŀ޿֮


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Աһֻɫѥ˹һߵƽûյӡ
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ֵЩȥˣ
һĨʧˣϨҹɫѾ
һŴĹٷӱƳȦӶݵ
ˣ
ˣ
̴ݴʷ汯ۺᣬߵ촽ߣۡ
ޣɱңŹаհɣ޹İ
α꽫Ҳֻޱؿ
ȵſƬ촽̴ݴʷϣ
ɱ
Ȼ
ʮ˰̴ݴʷ޺ʮ˰
꽫
Σ
̴ݴʷճȭ˫Ѫ
Ѫ棬ʧ
ʮ˵ѪƬأһѩָֽ֮ɾ
ʷ֮ϣֻ֮һʴ
ΪʤߣʤߵȨ
ԨƿĿ⣬̴ݴʷԤϵҪ£Ŀѡ
㲻ɱǣ޹İ
һʿıֳλεĳ
ˣ
ɱǴˣ
׶Ѫ̴ݴʷŭ𣺡ɱңŹаգ
޶ԣ̴ݴʷˮģҰлһĨɺ졣
ϾУλ꽫Ĵԡݲķޣʿķޣս޲ʤķޣתķޣÿᵽ˶ҧгݣȴսʱһʱתܡ
̴ݴʷһֱгЦǵų볰ЦȴԼ
ʲô
ʮ޹գȫҪһȥ
Ѫӿ˳ڵϮһ˲䷢˺ڵĳ
ס֣
һóսŮͣԭĵȻվֱ壬Դͷȥ˫һпӿһϲűΪء
ˣѿڶ𾪡
ϵãضʱ򣬴ߵǰԨܿĲһ˾롣

ԨĬĬȻڰա
̧˫֣˶һõҾ
Ǿϫūԣ뽫ת⡣
һʯǧˣͱĳ񶼱ɫ
ɫãһ˵
ٴ֣ضһαܿ
ִǡӴ֮ոǵĥ۵㣬˵òʧ֮١
˳һսͶ佫ĸšüүǵĵطһˣָֻܶţ
ԱߵĲɫѿѣǽˡ
ΣѵǸˣ˽λһĽ£˵ɱͲɱǸոʲô⣿ȥĵѵͰװˣ̾ǽ򣿣
ɫףŲٷһ
ضɫţǽڴǣỵ˽һֱ۵Ǻ֮սҲͶǺ֮㲻Ĺ˳Ϊһʱ֮ǣ뽫ջؾ
˵ջؾջأǽĻʲôˣŭ
ԣڶģʥĪ
ضǿ̸зӿǰѣʹԼһһﶼƬء
Ҫ˵Ĳֻǰ꣬ʮѹѹһƬŵȾѪĸߡ
ԣջس˵Ƿǳ֮ˡʱؽǧıؽ˳Ҳ糱ӿˣ²ɣ뽫ĪҪΪǰ棬˳ý
ǰ촽һؿֻ֣ȥ
ضͷ˫ϥ¹ȥ
ûܹȥ
֮ǰͱ
Ԩɫʡ
ܻغ
ͷҲء
ԨŵΨһĴϣһɫҪ¡
һѽ˫һ㻷ֹٴι¡
겻ָˣضҪͷܶŭյ÷۾
ɬѾҪʹˣͦ䣬һ˫ɫоʯĮп
Ѿʮˡ
ǰͻȻоİ
ʮʱ˵һǣµһʬɽѪ
ضûмķޣһԤУǰڽӽһǸӵķޡ
һıʹ߬һ׹䣬ǰģˣһҲ˵
Ҫңֱɱң
һѳؼϵ¶޷ǰأִһذС
ԸֱɱҡҲҪԼķͱҵģ
ʲôû˵Ѿˡ
üģԴԴϵˮ˫ʱϰԱϵ۾ϲĽëһˮˣȻһֶ˵ʹ࣬ԭԭعؿڡ
ʹ࣬ʵϡá
梡˵ûг嶯¡Ŭͣؿ۾̴߸£ʧˣ̴ݣΪɱӺһ֮޵ȵرػزһʱ䣬пܵѹʱû༸ݾˡ
̴һǣһٸ˵ķ²ܣ̴ݵĽִδո޵ȵأسһԻֻΪĶҲвԸ˻Ϊ򿪳š
梣Ҳͼǰһʱ֮졣˵ȲƱ鲻£岻ƣƲΪ١ⲻҵĵô
ʹضգ̵
룬ǷҲʹ˿̵һ
ǰɱ۰׹ǣ֮󹥳Եһ˸ҳݣһҷһʸ̵档
°գʶ޼ںţϭģֻóȵѪͽ˳߲˸ÿ˵С
ֻۣǵı
һʼ֪ǷޣһʼͽôǷһĻͬ
ᡣ
һʼ֪Ƿޣһ¡
ضۣ꣺˵ͼһʱ֮죬ʮݹ⸴֮Ժ𣿡
ҡ
ضؾ֮ԺǼ֮Ժ𣿡

Ϊ󣬾ΪᡣǹʵΪӣ֮Ϊ֮Ϊ򡣡һһٵȲƱ鲻£岻ƣƲΪ١岻Ϊ
ǣʵۿһǵĻʵۣԪԪ֮ڹ˳𣿻ǹʿԸЧ𣿡
˴ǣЩǰˣɱĶǱʿǽ壬ɱ˷Ż޶ɱԽĲݿܴеӣѵҡһΪ֮ʿˣ
ض԰׵˸мײıʹҡҡ׹

ľӣʦ˾ӵͳ˧ǲҷ֮𣿡
ȸú󣬴

Ԩʵۣ
梣Ǹ˲ŻҪ㡣
ΪƣΪ񡭡ڳã£Ϊû㣬ҾֵҰҰޡ˵ѵ㲻𣿡
ĻԭأȪӿ
ʲô֪
޾û
һ棬Ե񾩣Ϻ˵û
ֻԼһ߲Իʱٽʵֻ
κˣԼųֽ꣬д֣ǹһһж֤ԼҳϣǿƲסеĻɣָ㡣
ԸΪȴʼķһʱذףֻҪһ춯ذ׾ͻִ̽㡣
д
ΪԼд
ǰǸе˺һų϶ȵģʹ˸е顣
ԹԼָԼܽù֣¶һ˿Թԡ
ʼճĬ
á
ضȫ֧ǿվ
޸ϵӰԶȥˣֱĵܵܣСǣ֮ˡ
ûб䡣
۽ǰ
ûСҲأ
ڿ䣬
ϵ˫͵ˣյ޴롣
Ȼȴǰδеᡣ
һĨˣ˵
梶ҺܺáҲܺãƫƫԼȴ̡ܲΪ梸ĸԸΪѪĸԸΪ梵ɵӣĸԸΪ֪¶ңȴҶԼûʲôίġ
ؿ̧ȥ⡣
ĪˣǶ̴ݰҲɱǡԽ梣ѵΪ㣿ֻǡҲеߵģҪʲôҸ񣬰ɱ˭ҰɱҪҾܣҪҾֻһ㡪ˡ
Ҫҵ˫ַϡҪҵıҾֻ˰梵ı
ˣҪᡣͷҴû˵ٻҲһ
梣Ϊһȥա


116 
̴ݳ˱ˡ
ʮԭͷİǰһ̱˾˻
˻, ǵ˻ʮҳʮسзˮ, ṩ˰ˣΪ, , ˾
ϡ棬ھȴ˭û뵽ġ
˳ӵ˲, ܹػһҹ˵ô·ٱӡ
˺ھĶǽ, ̴ݴʷһҲǽˡ
̴ݳǰ, Ǵ±ϾȻĽ˼ֱ·, λ˵ڶһ㿪ַȻֻȥѧ˿εĲһ롣
ķ, Ҳòϣӹ̴ݺͨյ˲ֹһǰ㡣
аӲ˭ȥ췴
Ѱ⣬̴ݻָƽӡ
Ҳָƽ
λҪǵɱھ̴ݴʷסأ̴һս, ڴҶ֪ʴ, б
̴ݴʷ, һ亹Ӱ׷ԲԵͷ䡣
ۼڽϵָʼ, Ԩûꣿ
ض̧, 𱸵һۡ
ȡضĽ, ΡΡ, һ
첻㣬ƽɺСٿ
ûΣ
Сˡ
亹ԽԽࡣ
ޡ
ڴߵĽһλһ亹Ľһգߣһס֡
æһλȷɨһ£ľ
ĵĳ̶ȣȫ⽫Ϊ˵ˡ
ҵĲҲһˣΪѴ򡣡ضϸ˵ֶ꣬Ц㿴ſҩգ鷳ˡ
鷳鷳
æ
뿪ԨЬϴԭڴߵڲࡣ
ʲô
˵ˣҪС
ֱ׳ذڻŵֻ֣Ľסֱ
ֵֻ¶ȵ͵ó
ĬĬһᣬȻոʮݣҾȥݣǸҽ׽
ݣ뵱ˣضһǸӲӲͷǰ׽ǰҲΣʲô취
ˣֲ¡ҲΣҾ
ضһϡ
Ż˭أѧѵûн̹ţ
ƳһۣŻң᲻㣬ֻȥűˡ
򡪡
˳ӴܵĶ˲Ÿġ
̬롣
ˣʳѾ׼ˡ
ضͷϲ˰ɡ
ԨԭİţǱסݵģضֹǺΪ̴ݵķѡ̴ݴʷס
̴ݴʷûݴʷԣõĴҲԨġ
һϣضϰԵظˡ
̴£һĿ˭ضʡ
ݡݡĪݡݡɳޡ˵ô˭ã
ضָպ˲յе裬дһ֣Ц˵գǷһ
һĻһ¡
Ǿ͡
ضҪڵ֣Ȼְơ
Ǿô˵ˡ˵ޡ
Ԩ֣ڵĹȻǸ孡֡
Χ̫ʱ䣬缯бΧһǣһƣԻͶ
ضʲôʱ
ѾΧˣǿʱٹȥԨһ֦֪ߡ
ضʱ֭Ǻͷһ
ԼĲյ˹Ȳú󣬺ȻʣĿȼˣ
ضɫ糣Цֻżԣôͳɿȼˣ
ģ
ƭʲôôضΪתƻ⣬ſȥһ߹
Ӧһ˳ȥ
ʲôԨʡ
Ҫ㾿ˡ
ΪʲôҪжߣ
ʮ꣬ܳ꣬ҪǰڵٶȳȥսȺǺ¡
ûһᣬµ߻ˡضӹߣӲߡ
һߡߡ˳ࡣ
ضĬĬһعƣһװ塣
صǣʮ¡
ضת

ۼֿùߡ
𣿡
ᡣ
ߣһʮӡ
ߺߵ˫ֵָ֫˾ͱԴ

һɡ
ллء
Ԩشϳ˫֡
뱻ӵ
ʲô

ͷ˼£Լߣʮ֮Ÿ޾ǚϫū
ͷ­˵
梱پϡңͺһˡ
ض򶨵ؽƿ㣬̴ݴʷΣ
︺ʩ࣬ר˿ܡһۣ׿ڰŵ𣿡
ˡ
Ҳûϵǣ֣ͷǣǵңǵǷҵǾͺá
Ԩ绹о飬ò׽᲻ߵߺҪһ𣿡
һضǰһյƣٰѴ򿪰ɡ
Ҫ飬ȥһѹ
ǰĵƵϣߵǰƿľɫһ䡪վڴ⡣
Ժ󣬽һֻޱؿ
кЩȶŮÿμŽ΢죬һԱֻҪ˲ڳͽͬһƬò
ˣڿ䱦ǣڿϡ
ϱǲҲϧ
ֻбͷԵ˲Żӽ۵׵ͲбȥһҹΡ
ֻԶһ㣬Զһ㡣
ͷͬһԲװʲôû˳˷䡣
Ԩվڴ⣬ޱһ㵭Ӱ
κѹֵĿһһ
԰׵ĴɫԽԽݵ˫𽥽ա
Ůƭӡ
ת뿪
ض죬Ϊɱˡ
񣿡
Ӧ
ֻɳɳķ֦

ĸº޿ͶڶʹĥΪ²
޹⸴ʣ޽Ͷˣʮȫƿء
Ϣģһ£˵̨ûһտУӻĶҴʷسǲĽĻаĵղֶ˼Ʒ
ͬһʱ䣬һڡŮڶнֵðصĽӡ
˵󲻴˵ССذ챻˽ӣϣַĴغ͸Ůӹϵĸִ⡣
ڶգٹϳɫĿⶼɫ糣ôòһ
ͬڵڵͬĬԡ
λܺڳ㶦ĸϣ͵
ڻڳϰͦ˵ģ׸ĵʮλ׸֮λζ˵ȥ
Ȼо仰˵úãա
壬Ͷ̥ͶúãǸԶ󽫾ճӣǵ̫ӵױ磬̫Ǽ̫ӣа۱Ҫ壬˭ܳԷԣ
ߴȫǷϵٵ۳ֺ󣬵ʱѻȸ
˳
ǰһ鱨࣬Щ޹ؽҪС£ΨбϢЩ˼
Ⱥ۷׷ף
ݾ˽ôãһݶûոǱһȺũ˸ͳһˡ
Ҫ½һȺҪʲôûʲôũ񣬿ûҪˡ
˵ô磬ũ񲻵ũ֮˭֪ҪΪο˵ͷǸѪ
ǰ˲һ齵
겻ܰոȫݣԳ佫˱²СΪá
֪ôͷۣ˵ǵĽ˵ǰȻһ˸ҷһʸ
ˮתҲнա
ǵӣغȻ౨
£ࡣ
ػճھͽ
ûмǴѾû糯ʲôˡǰʱ̫ӺĴѹ޹ϵɽѹͷϣΪ۵ͷشԪ
۵Թ۵ʶȤ̫ӵĴ󴬡
΢֮£й񾩳;Żӡ
һԼǧˣԭĴת˲ڡ
ʼյʹƣƤٵٿ̧ͷ¶ǿҵıʹ
ϴ˻סվ˳
̫ӣʮ㡣
ͷԶιڣµڽǵڱͶһģټ߰˳ߣòãȻƾ֮ϣλչ֮ļ̫Ȼϸʤһƽļ֣ýǵš
֪Ϊ²˼ۼʵɥ֮ʹոջ־ᣬǺξģ
سţ
΢ϲ£ϲ¡ǰ׹ʧٵ񾩳;ŻӲΪ˷ºͣ˱֮֮
Ծ
˵ʲô
ٵ͵վԱߵĸߴȫæ񣬷ס򼤶岻ȵĵ
أ֪۾Ĵȳ
гױ֮š
زŲæͳһ΢Ƶţ˫ֳʳ
ǰ;Ż׹ӣƯʲ̹ϿһǡѩɽλϿ£Ͷ·ҵýȣ;Ż˳Էƣʮݴ̽鱨
Ļͥ𶯣ΪҴ˷⸴ɽ򸾣ǳ;ŻӼٰ磡
ߴȫæС̨ף˫ֽӹżһ·Сܵػ˵ϡ
ȴûϣɫԽԽѿ忴һۣ߶ҡҡͷ
ٵۼֶҲûãȵ
Ūϵ֣æŵݻظߴȫ
Ƕıʼ𣿡ٵ۲
ߴȫæۣر£ȷǳױɡ
㡢
ߴȫΪӡ̫࣬ʶֵģ·ͬСɣһ֣ÿֶ˵óŻ
ֻǧ֣дŵĳ赭дȻκһгʶ˶ܲмաߴȫŵĺΣֻӵĴɫټĽǵֻʣٵĿ
븸ʴʡ졣
ߴȫˣʹޡ
ҵĶٵһ۾Ȼ۰ס
£
ҳһš
ٵ۵ʣ糯òҴҽ
̫뿪ǵ˵Ļеȵ˴Ҵ塣
˲ڹΰ䣬ֻϧնղ̫ϵ
ôȵ
΢ãؼȻڽǵϽóôšġ
ɫ𺡣
ˡ󡣲ܴ½׻սսӪô꣬ܵûһšճ񾩳;Ż֮Ҫ̫֮ˡ
̫ǣ;ŻһջؾŮ֮ˣֻҪ񾩣̫ӵģŻѪͳ˱Ȩò̫ӻСڽ󡣡
Цڽףιܵ
幪ӳսԻ¹Ϊ֮Ϊ⣿
˵
תͨؽڣƿճЦļ硣
׸˵ǣȻ⡣
˸𣬱ۣ»ָ˼ž
úһµСĽع
£ЩūĻ
ߴȫſ磬С̹ڵٵڴ
϶˽ףҲҪоŻӻزһƻϣ⣬޵Ķλص
Ϣŭ
հհաȥɣϵָȥաʲôĻޡٵ̾
ū澻̿֡С̳ϻ̳Ͽֵūܹ飬ΪЧȻֻǴ仰
ߴȫҲ˵£˵ɡֽ⣬̫ӵ˷ܹʹͣΣա
ٵһǰܣ˻֣޸ţԺ󡭡ȳˣ㡣
С̹ڵл
ֻʣߴȫԼٵ֣

ٵڸߴȫĲվ
޼ǵãмŵˡ
ǡߴȫһн̵ĹŮһڱ̣˶˹ĸһȪģڹߣӦҲǹĸ
Ů߲㣬ڱҼǵǸȣǸȪģȥǷùΣǣĴҡ

ߴȫȥٵߵǰƿ»ľ
մ̵кõ¡
ٵŴв
ĶһҪƽ


117 
ʮ, һͳ, ǡַʮѵһķ֮꣬ʮݶϲ
޳һ޼ʵ, ·ߣǰε˶˻ȥ
ֶλº͡
ǰ䡰ͷǰκ, һ˴ظ䡰Ը˴šʣһɥ뿪
ټ, ֻһһ̡
ֻĴբзʯϿýƣƬţڴբзΧһȦţſɵĲƬӱסĶ֬ķţǵþһ
зţĻ˳Ʈʮ, Զ·ڵĽʿҲʳָ󶯡
һֻݲ԰׵Сͱëˢ, һְסƮĴ, ˢˢ˿Ŀ
졣
֬սƵзǺ, ض𳤳ľ磬һֻʵзԨС
ͬʱҲһƬɫΪƯס
Ԩľ磬ͽȥзæѣС֡
ָסз, ˶, ĵ
ﶼǹз, 
ôһ˵, ضϿˣзҰݳ伢Ƕӡ
һԾͷˣܾͻῪʼռϷ硣
ǶξȻ޾ӡ
ʮѾ⸴û˳Ŵ񾩣ǵҲ¶ڼٵ۵ʥּһ̻ؾӣؾǾ޿ˣῪڹУһս۵ʮӣ̫Ӳڽ
ؾǷ룬ؾ
ΰꣿ
׷УԺֳָҪ˵ĸ壬Ʒֻпɬ
ؿڵʺѵߵĿȡ
زзֻǯӣһǯ⣬˵Ĵբзǽһֻϧпǵˮ
Ҫ氢梶ԼֻСضõһֻբзŽС
ҲһƬõţ⣬ŵߴ˴ȻֱضС
Ƴ΢鷢ȻҪҪ󳨣
ոʮ£ضѾʮ¡
Ҫټһ󳨣Ϳֱȥˡ
ˡҡҡͷ
죬ٴ˴ʱǷ޴ʷеĳԳֵĲ㣬Һ˵ˣҪιַˣҾι㡣
Ԩ
⣬ضͨޣѰĳƺУ̧ʧʡ
ͳһ¾͸ּˡ˵Ǵˡ
ּΣ˵бҪ£ҸΪʲôҪȥ˱Ϣ
ضǴ˷ĹܶԴ˷
أĿתʲô
Ԩ
гһзˡ
ضԶԽԽߵǰͣ½Ųκִ˻ɫ뿪ǰڡ
һƨ£зҲˣֱӷŽ졣
ôֻˣʡ
Ҽݺݵ
ضǿųˮָɶЦա
Ԩл㡣
޺޵ͣˣãͷ飬ȥ֮ǽô죿
а취Ԩء
ޡ̧ۣɫ𺡣
޲ġ
Լ¿ֻǰ˽
˳һƺҲǱģһʱ֮⡣

ʮµףһűʳ¯
ض޸ۡ鷿ڰһȣůģƿһĴӰվɣ˱ͦһ㱨Ĳں޲
ͶڣĶض˸š
ѩȡ
ضһȣƽصͷ¿
⣬Ԩջߣزʱֶɱ
ȷ𣿡
ȷѾ˲̽ȷаռݳû˶٣ʣ˺ʵǡ
ȥǽߡ

뿪ԨصڣضӦͰ˴Ϻᱧ
״ߡ
ʲôضʧػ²ɹסĲӡ
Žɫб޺£⣬΢죬һβɫ峺ϴһƬ
ҽҪˡ˵
ԭ
ضҸʰ㻹ʲôţ
梴ҡľѣҪһȥأ㡪
δ䣬ͷϾͰһ¡
ضûΪ˵һ˵ЩĻ
ֻݹٷŻ𣬲յơ̾ﶪһȥҲ᲻öһָͷ
ض⣬ʣʲôʱ
գٺա˵ıǼײĴʱҪӭҡ
Цá
ҹͣûյѩֿʼ¡ԨĥĥزߣֲòߣϵľῴضɷЦ
ױǰ£ͷϵ֯ľῪһ΢ī
갲ţһ˫۾ֱضžӰӡ
һͷȡ׼õСΪϡ
ɫ˿ƳɵɫС£סŨܵīض˸߶Ⱥɿ֡
ԨͷϵոСڣʣԼ𣿡
ǰ梸ġ
ƲƲ죬⡣
ҪÿζҴ
ãڵʱÿζضûŵͷ˵ؾ֮󣬰ΪʢĹ񡣡
վٰ§׶ͷ´ӡ촽ѵˮļǺ˵
ˡǵҪſڽңУǵ㻹Ƿһǡ
ǲ塣ضһƳţǷ̫ˡ
ͷҹѩӳЦ
һ̣ضҪѿڶ
󣬻ǳĬĿӰʧҹѩ֮С

ӱޣճһ̸ϵݳš
¥ϤɫӰš
룬ݽֵ
鱨ջԨֱѱΧĿջ䷭
ֵʮˣͽһͬڣΧջΧ˸ˮйͨ
Ԩһ߽һյСƵĿջá
ſֵصĻ͵˯طźݻ
㡢˭Ҫˡ
ԨĿбӣֱ˶¥
һںľͬؿĿɿڴĻƣλûУĹ١
Žոյ佫ϵ˫һϡ
Ԩվסķǰһʾ⣬վȥÿջƵĿǵ
͹٣ˡ
κӦ
Ԩõͷѧ֮ǰӣͼεȻƬһŷ죬ű֨ѽһ졣
һϤζӿͷƮ˳
ÿʿϤζÿ춼Ʈɢս֮ϵġŨѪζ

ԨѾһ߿˽ȥ
ڣѪĽͷ϶Ѫ
һĿڴϣйɹ죬߽õһֱǲһӣֻѪ⣬׹ǡ
ʬ巭ƼһѪ֣ʬļ׵Ҳɣһʬ׷ԭǽڸ״
ʬ壬ʱ̲סȥٿһۣͻ̲סŻ³
ѪĿͷڣԨޱ飬ϵһŸɾֽ
ֽ°ɫĿֽ۸ֽ߰ã˷ʱʱֽš
ֻȼݽ壬鶯Լ屳͸ŨŨ⣺
佫ҽͨ෽ϵΪˣΪҴܽʮݵл֮һл񣬵Ƚ֮ʣֽ衣
һʿĳ϶¥ϥڿͷſڣ
ˣĪѱ䣬Ļʮڶפ


118 
Ѫȴ̱ǵĿͷ, ѹš
Ԩȭֽһͬ, תȥ
𡪡
͵ػعڣ
ټн, ݴʷ顣
ǣ⡪ʬ塪
ԨͷҲأ

Լжʮꡣ
Ȼʡ
жʮ꣬ʬôҲֻжʮ, , ô˾ǧ֮, ɶǧ, ̥ǧ, ݾС
ζ̫̱, ͷԸȥнʷ顣
һʱ, ݵ춼еݴʷ
ŴϮ, ɫ
̽оôλ, ޱֳ꣬ɢ˺ԶȻһɨ, ֮˽սֱͦ, һ
һ˹ڣ, رĽǳȥزӺͺ, ʵʾӦʮ¡
ʮһʼʮѾʮ, Ȼû˸еһ
սıҲ
򲻹Ƕʮʮ򣬶·һ
ף꽫ڡ
ԡ
ʮͷĹ赵һ·һ˿û͸
С롭
ԨóʮݣΪʮһ죿
²ҡ
üȷʵˡʮÿݾͲǸСĿȫ䣬ҪزӣᲿÿפµĺۼһûյȷϳ
˽һ˵ͷ
һʿĿҲͣʮʿǵĺڲҲа֮ڡǼϺҲʮôľʵܲսļʿӦڶʮڡ
Ȼˣһ ΪҪʮ򣿡Ԩ˵
⡭
˼ģѾ뵽˴𰸡
ԨʾաмҾ죬һԲ
ǡ
һ溬ڴʣҪʮһݵ
ݵҪãԨʡ
ϵʱ䣬ԼաԷޱ޳ʮʿĻֻҪ
ɡԨһڷ
Է˻ͷ׷ֲʣʮ־ᡣ
׽һڻؾԭ򡪡ֻҪޣǾޱġ
ޱ飬Ļǲ޼ƿʩ

һƬš
ݵҲգľפݺĪ֮ĶƽԭľĪ֧Ԯݣݱֻ׹ϿݵĴȥߵҲ˲
ľס赣Ψһ·
޵ľǳľ֮
лж
ؽԣɻǧ
Ԩǧҽҹǡ

ǧҹѩӳݳš
žĽֵϣƳһСӴһʧףǳĬԵĿųŴ򿪣ĹϣѷĥֻϤľ
ʷУ뿪سǽȴδȫ뿪
ѩͥԺеĽ¶ݣͷѩǧ֮أѹֻںתǧء
ڣһ˿ڣӦŽǻȥȱˡ
ӦֻгĬ
԰׵İοԼ޷˵ܹ˵ǰ⼸Ļӣ
վĽſڣ׹Ͽ̴ݣ㽫֮ǰϵ̴ݣҲû̴ݴ׹ϿԮҪ̴ݾݵĴһһأ˵Ҳա
ֻҪغղͺˣ𣬼ɫһݣͷҾֵμ
һɨͷЩҡĵĻԺҪᡣھɢһɰľϸá
ͣƬ̣
ϸδáǸոҲĻˡ
꣬ȻϷδȫϴȥôһ˵˶еһ
²ҡ
Ϊһ˵ļģĳǶ֪Ϊˡһ˶ҳϾСӣһٶ£ôܻڴ˿ӣسνңȫΪΣλ첻Ҫΰ
ڽǣʱҲֻǡ
Թλ̧ǵףҹĻµĵѩ
춼ˣʿ˵
˾ģҪգѰ
ҹ罫ѩѹ棬ѩƬȻĻӳŶƽԭһŻӪء
ڵҹɫУ漸λľʡ
״εõĻټŲĻʵı崫ţȴãΪˣ㲻ʲôëܱȷǸðɣ
Ů˵ϼ͸ı⣬裡
жҵһŮЮƵʲôԣ
οĻ⿴ͶЩʱĻõĺôͺûѰ
һʣʲôС֡ǰͷ·Ľ쾯ؿһۣæá
ô˵
ȳΪһʵˣһ̧۾ͿһĻʱɴһ˫ţۣЩһû
⡭еĴױķ̣Ļʰ
Ҳ𣿡
һЦ𣬳һĿȥ˴ڸеĺȥ
һʮµƤ޺ϣɫ齱ߣ֯֡һϥַϥϣһֻһûһһֻèһЩѩ
ѩƼôһʣ̧ͷĿˣȴһֻ԰˳ͷ
ûһұӣûǴǰ¶ƽ̹ţЩҪΪһλλǷŮӡ
ǰͷλʿһȥγѣæŹ
¡
󵨡һȵλ磬֮ϣڳƱ£ѵΪ˷һųܣ
²ң
ʧɫæߵͷ
Ϊ˵ܹаźĶ˾е˾˵ûаʾ̾͸ȷѣҲֻƭƭĴˡ
ȷʵƭ亹ֱֱͷЦˣէ⡣ոʵ⣬֪Σ
ʲôһ㶡
Ů޹ӣСǵˣǹӼة֮Ů𣿡ոշѵ̣һǰ׶񣬽С΢ؽͣǹӼة֮Ů
ŮԳڼʿ޳ֱղű֡аĸѩĵƽ治֮ˣȻң޾ͽʿҲȫҪΪ޳ȭȭ֮ġ̷Ǿͳڰɣһ˳ʣϺţǾˡ
ϻʵ۵ŮˣʮҲңĻѾڣҲѾϳҪƾܣĿ䵽˫ĿʧŮϣܵĻͱһʡ
ǻʵ۵Ů˰Ҫ˻ʵ۵Ůˣ˵ȥǶҫ
аĿĳɣЦȥա
Ůϵ˿¹аƵֱ㶳ȥ
аĵβǺ˵
ú𣿡
㣬Ѵǧ׹ϿȥˡĩϷԸڹȿڲǧֻҪһǵ޵ʱܽܡ
ˣ޲ûԵһ޾ԸҲð
аĵԽԽɻ󣬸ͷһȸеһһ籡
뻹ûĿѵصȡ֮ˣа䵹£ӶϿڴӿѪŮһ
ִûá
а̾˿ߵһŰڷżƷ̨ǰ̨޲˲ȾѪĵС
ֻ̨ҷֱһаһ̣Ϸһͷǡ
ذף߿ǰɵظ޲һϰΪӡ
Ҳм˼޻Ϊݿһһҹľϡ˷˲𣿷˼УһһҪȿʮ
ػϣкѪͳػ˵Ѫ԰ɡ
Ѫԡа߻齣Цһһµѩͷ­
һ̽ʵȥ̴ݣô޳ǲǿջˣ
ʲôգһ⽫ͣû·ЦܰһӢԵ޻ʶʶλ˵Ķء
ǡĩ޶ˡ
а¶һ˿룺ʱˣ
æر£ʱѹʱˡ
аĻӻ֣Ƕȥɡ
ڽ˳һᣬõ̺Ѫܵ˳
ڣֻ̨򾲾ȼա
аߵмǿͷǰ˸
̧ͷͷЦе
ʣĽ̵ӦΪأʱ֮ǰЪƣһֱ᳹ء
£ڵͷǳĬ

׹Ͽ᫵ɽȺҹɫΪһ壬ż׹µһʯӺһҽУ춯ûУ˹ȵļˮ
ò״׹ϿΪյһΣǰͷͣ
վˣ
ǰͷĸһᣬͷʹǰԨǰ
ɫ˽ˡ
ҹѩԨһѻĳޡϲŭӦһ
ڵбȥ
ϸʯӲס¹䡣

ڽȵĴǰΪƫ뷽
ʿѾϰ߷ӣƬ̣ʯӻ
ʿһԲĺ¶нǣ׷ǰ佫Ӧǰȥߴˣ
ûߴ
ȥ̴Ӧǰȥ߻ȥˣԲӼ
߻ȥ߻ȥθɣ꽫̧͸ϵͫںڰĳִ޵۾˲
ԲԼ񣬺亹ֱ
ݻԮʱЦʱ򰡡
㸽
ԲӲ俿ڴ
ʱǣϵǣ꽫δѹҲδи֮٣ۿʱ𣿡
ԲӴʧɫ׻
ȻعĵһӦǳܣˡԨ֣գĲӣ
ԨĺȲȽǳ̲ʬˮعͷѹѹǧ
ͨмϸҲֹˡ
˺һ·нͷӶ֮ˣ֮ˣɱ⡣
˸ҷһ
ԨǰȥڽĬĬϡ
ˮȥ죬Ĺŵ֮ںڵĵƽǱ˻һ͸һĨϼ⡣
ǧˮ·߳׹Ͽ
ϼΡѩɽİɽѩԭϣһƬޱӪػδѣĻʵƮ
ڽѻȸ𾪣ǰľ˽Ŀꡣ
ûûзݣ
ǧඳһҹѪȾ˽ʿǼӡ
׺ںںصĴƹ
սĿֻһĻ֮סλԸһս
ڽ֮࣬ڶ
Ը潫һս
ԨתľӪأĿһƲõĺʡ
ɱ
һ£ǧ塣
Ԩʿ䣬ǧǰ
tľ˳Ķ͵ش̶š
ʱľӪҳһƬ
ô£
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ʡϡ佫ǧڸոշϮ
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ಡ
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׹аǰ䡣
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119 
Ϯĺء
, ת
ҴҼľڵɫһ޼᲻ݵļ⵶, ɸ˻ɢĵ
аĿĿѣĿŤ
Ǹӣķӣ
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а벻ͨ, ôǧϮʮ
ıﶼûĵ
ôҪķӣ
ű, һסԷ, 䡣
ʩս˴, ҵĲַ׷׺ˣľΧǹͷ׼ǧڼ
׺һ, ޳ʵĴȼн˫ֿ, ˿
ᣡ
ƿ, , ת۽޹ĵĹı̨£
һж, ǰʧ˴ָĵľٶҡ
Ԩָһеĺתо߳ٶ
ಣ
ž޴ļʸ˺߳ϵɴڴ󳨣ֻһ˵С̣
ʱ油Ĺı̨ٴ޹ģļһȻı䡣
ľǹ£Īݷˡǹͷ˳ԽԽ
ɱѩԭѪȾ죬ľʬҰǧҲʧ˲٣ʣµ׸Ѫ¶ƣ⡣
Ԩߵ֮ǰ
ԶȻûһ˿ƣ̬꽫ݸ˽ʿĪĹ
ܹͽսһͬɱԭҫ
ܳĸϡ
䵭õĻӦ
ѱЦһţһǹͷȼ۶
ɱ
ǧ˵ѩԭϿںϣƺƴ󡪡
ɱ
߸ͽľʿɢǰǹ˫ֲǹȡ
ಣ
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ļʸ油ǹ죬ɢǹǱ϶֮أǹͷûԺã㱻һ䴩ͷ­
һ֮߳ս
ܱܱϣ󽫹˲ôı˻ߵش
ˡ
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ľѾ˵ĥ֮ľ׷ױãԭʿԵľγ󳹵ױ
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ԨƳǰһն´׳죡
ʮľʧȥָӣ
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һ޴ֶĵ̺ݺݳڽýĺת۹һѪ⣡
ʹ˻ŵ£Ѫʶ


оľѪ֮סĳ̡
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ĻʵؼΧסǿӦԾͻȥȫʱȻģмﱻ˿䡣
аһƥߴϣϴ˶ĿףһУڶޣڶ޴ļϣڼѣѪģԼɼһƹɫ
ûü⣬ͼԱ۲ƣ͵߬סĳޡ
޾֮ڼ׾飬̹νѪ֮治ɫһСа¿
ݣż߳ڵС̷ĵı
а׹˲ʹܣ鲼Ѫ˿˫۴ؿĹ
긲ѪӺͲƤ״ɫľǾζЩǻġ˿ǻģѪߡ
󱳡ֱۡǰأѪӺڼ׷϶ѪȾѩϣ渲Ѫ˫䣬ЩƤӿĿ־塣

Ǽ壬һ̩ɽ
ѪǵȪӿһڲ԰ѩһ᫵ĴĿѪۡ
㡭ʲô
ԨסѪܵץסʵ۵ͷ
㲻֪
·Ƥѵһ죬
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ֻǰһһӵĴĽͱһǹ˳ȥ
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û¡


120 
ãѩԭϣһ߾ʬ屻ѩ, ˮɫѩѻɽ, ͷѰʧٵ佫
ѩľӪصַ, ѾȷΧַɽ׵һ·, ǹ˶Ͷ˾Ԯճ, ٵһ䣬ѩµʬڳһһ, ʼղҪҵһˡ
ʱ, ѩѾȥգ佫һʼ, չ󡭡
񹤺ͽʿ֮, ټϴĴĳ͢齨ȼݵϢʿ䡣
, ڽת˼ΣҲûܰ˵Ը˵
ѾգܻšԴΪأسǲ, ԱľϮ
Ļ˵ڡ
, ʲôʱ, ܿѩԭϲԮ
Ůÿնڿ, ǲûм˿޹, ûޣЦ
̶̼գݵհݣɫѩף紵ϵĴ멣յ
ʧȥ֮˵ĸܣѾΪľȻն΢Цò絶ʡ
۷ˣˡ
ѩԭʬףۿһᣬЩ
ܿ
ҵˣҵˣ
ͻȻѩԭòһҲҰ֮еŮľ첽֮
Ů񼱼ææ󣬾Ȼ׷ϽŲ
ض嵽ߺšҵˡļλǰѩĶʱ˫һ
һʺǿȥ
ˣ
׷ϵۼֿסһεضһĶˡ
Ѫ߰ߵĴƹڿӵףѩ鱻Ѫݵ糺졣
ˡ
סֱۣվվˣȴЦ
Ȼ⣬ҲӦڸúãܱѰȥ󣬶͡
㣬øףˡ
ضӶԿȥ𡭡𣿡
ʼǻĲ첽ˣڡ
ˣҰѹͻҵ񡣡
ǡ
ûȥˣڿǰ£˫˴ƹ
ù˫ֱҲ⡣ùѣȴ׾ٿ䣬֪ƣ
ĹǹԾÿһսջףʿǰͷоںϹսս˵ر塣
ս֮ϣֻҪӰͲ֪־Ϊ
ͽһģû˽úȥδӣ
ѩԭ֮ϣѹֵĳǷ׷ͣĹʵؿŲӿ˫óع
߲ѪΪںڵĹһĨɱ⣬˵սľعһһӡԶˡ
ѩԭϵĿûֹͣ
ضƿ񣬻Χһ˫˫ͨ죬ۿЦδҵλٽȥ񡪡
ūڡʵ
ȥЩþƣóĽʿ׶ůůӡЦ֪ҶƣֽҲûиõİ취ѩ£һַ֣ͶһϣλͬЭҵټ
Ӧÿ˶ڶߡ
һް߰׵ˣѾˣڰ˳䰡
һ˺ֱԽ
ĵս˷˵ֱۣεȥ
ضûС
΢Цûһ˿
лɹġǣӦʲôʱ򣬶׷ǻǲġ
Ļش𣬻ؼʹ̾Ϣ
ضЦλɣȾһ㵽
ѩԭַæ
ض߻ǰѰҵĵطҪϵľǰȻһѣΣصѩˤȥ
ѩǼ⣬ǵѩƮ
û¡
ضܾ˵ĲԼǿվ
û¡
ľʬһһͣľѩ壬̽
ǳˣ´ˣÿһζʧ
׷˹ˣūˣȥϢһɣ㶼ûбˣҲûڣȥôŵס
ܿ赲ǰȥһһ̽û¡
ˣ˶ںһңȥϢһᣬӪȡҪǷʲôū澵һʱ𣿡
ء
ˣ㲻ΪԼ忼ǣҲΪǿǰɣ޺ҪȻεˣ˭֮Ӫȣ
ضľһͣɡ
ȴȥеľǿӲذȥ
ض˵ϴֺ˯ⶼûС
ۣǰϵعϵİ߲Ѫ̵촽Ҳ̲סһ鴤
ۣĵεΣһȿֺظǰ
˯գԼ˵
ˮȴӲ۽ӿƴֱصʣнζ
ֻ͸Ĵө
ͩʱһȡѪɵ˿ڡ
⴩͸⡣
ɱ׷ǴĿɬ˵һߡ
ʱСǰΪڷ絲꣬һתۣȻԵǰΪֵ꣬ʲôʱֻҪߴӰûв
ûйʲôӣ֮Ҳûйʲôӡ
ֵʱ⣬ϿȣҰз伢ʱҪֻ˼򵥵ȴΪһһεػصȷѪ
Խǻ룬ԽǿƲסеıQԽǿƲסԽҪŰػ롣
ʱ˿ܵʹֵ࣬ϱѩ֮ܵİٷ֮һ
ڻڴϣϸůںδϸʲô
ֻҪʹһֻ֣ǻﵷģššţһѪһ⣬Ѫģذ˳
Լ֡
ںޡʹǽײͷͷʹˣ˺Լġ
˵һ仰ǣ
ˡǵҪſڽңУǵ㻹Ƿһǡ
ΪʲôһڴӦ
Ϊʲôܵڴۣ
ΪʲôҪ˵ǲ塪Ƿ̫ˡ
ǵһ棬ҹĻ֮£ѩ졣Ȳ϶Ҳ񶨵ıӻشڽ׵ҹѩлͷ¶緢ٵЦݡ
ܺڡ
ܺڡ
ԭˣʹ
ܻҲ˵ЩʹĻˡ
ܻҲΪĿ⽫ƿˡ
ܻһ뾡취ȥһȥ
Ѿͬõһ˽ͬģҲǣ޹ңԹ޻ڵ뿪ˡ
ˡ
Ըˡ
ͣˣӦǾºˣ˶ӪغȾů
ҹɫвִĨᣬ´ײײȥ
յѩԭɢŴѰõľּһŻûѾȹȥ
һ£һ¡
ľ̽ѩأһ޹ǰһٴ̽ľ
ʲôסľļ롣
æھʧȥ֪ʮָűѩ
µѪһȾָɴʮָѪ߰ߣδʧ˻һ㣬ճյӲѩء
ڣڿ˵ıѩһİԨ
£ѹһ߿ʬ壬ףϢʬһ㣬ľ˫űѩ
Ԩʲôط
ȵˮ±°ͣ棬ڻ͸ı
һİʬ屻ھԣַһߴľ׵ʬ塣
Ҿô߿ÿûпʬ壬ϣǿߵԴȪ
ƴڣƴڣÿһֶںֶ롣
Ƕ˵ѩ֮ʱûлڣţǳˣܿкرǧ֮ɱˣѵᱻССѩѹ˺
ţԸţţҹѩµĻͷһЦ֮һ档
׹䣬Ԩ̫̫̫䣬Ҳ׹ףҪ˺ѵİͱQƵ˼£ĺΪĿѪڲҰ׵ѩϡ
һ߿ȣһڣȹϣѩϣʬϣȫԼѪ
ɫ֮УһĨһ
ϥĵطٿһѩ漴
һɫС¶ѩ棬ƽ¹һƽ⡣
һԶȥˣһţԵʮָͷٿѩۿ飬ѪѩأϾ˼ֻһ֡
Ԩ
Ԩ
ѩԭϻص/ĺʹѹļûĿڱǣԸУԸ⸶һУ򿴲һ˿
ټһۡ
׵ӱѩ֮¶ݣضǱԴֻķǰ󷢺ڣҡҡ׹ȾѪĲʮָԺڽ⿪ļС
סҶţ̵ˮӶѪȾ½
һѪ⣬΢
׹İأѹϵĴɽʧøסڱǵȥ»˹һλص˼䡣
ԼĺùϣһߴȣһߐQű
ܿ죬˳ѩԭְ˽ŵ̧ԲѵԨ˫ʧضȥ
ܿˣҩ¼߳
⣬˫ڴ۾š
ᣬϲ¶Цݣ䵴ħ۱ӣֻҪˡ
˴ϲҾڵĽͷˣֻܻͶԼϲõ񣬴Ĵ˴˵ļ÷۾ͬϲá
ڣȼյĻּʢʪ¿ľ裬߳
򷴸û𿾺ˮݵķʽ£ضֻ˫Ӻ֫¡
˫ִ¶ת˲ɢˣȥѣסӲ塣
ɢ̵ƤۣôۣϰٱҲ۹ʧȥҹ
ؿڣһһš
ʱţھĬ
֪˶ãȻһΣоըѣžһڼžҹ
һֻͻȻ䵽ϣ˫һ
ޡ
ɳ٣͵֧ؿ˫۵ꡣ
ߵӣϡ
ԨĿ֧ı￴һۣǼã
̫ĵ٩ûܻⱯˣض˵ϣסĲӡ
ԨĬĬϵˣһ
ˡ
ضһҲ˵ֻúÿһµᣬȫڽҹ޳
ҪƣҪѹ֣ڵĵطûк֮ǡ
ϺޣἸûԨǰһˮŬѹµðͷ
ޡ
ˮǽӣۡ
ڶҲڶ
ûǹˡ
úʵ
ʲôҲҵһ֮ˡ
ؿҫǡ
ÿ˵һ֣ڵһᣬĿתؿţ˫þˡ
ҵˣûк³ѰҾ㣬Ҿ͡
֡˵ĵˣ鲻Լͷ
ض˵ͷס촽
ѱһֻǣѱ󣬾ѱǣѱҪ
˺ܶʱļ¶
ǧˣ˭Ҳּܱǿǧֻһ̻¶
ƭԼˡ
ˣԼ


121 
޴ʷ, ߲½ϼڻδڻѩ, Źʡ
ضͷ, Լ, ι´򿪵ҩ
һȾ, մ죬ضͽһöմǷ۵Ľ۽ݷ֮С
ҡ
Ԩüضס졣
ԡ
ĺ˹, һ̾Ϣ, ʵͽذ۽ˡ
ӹ߳ҡ
ضͷŲŲԼϣһ鿴, һֻе֣ðɫ°͡
𣿡˵
ͷҲ̧̾ʹ̰ɡ
֪һ˹ŹؾҾԼԼˡ
Сֹ, žͱһơ
ǰƮƮغϣһץס, 紦ĥĥַŵס
ضû˳ֱ׵ָ⣬ִָһ·˱, ۼÿ仹Ҫ, ضסա
ľͱ˯ᡣ˵
־ܾ, ɫѵ뵱ʲôû
ضһ, סĿ⣺ûʲô
ûʲôüһ㿴ҵ, ҵӣҵӣ㶼
ûûǿȥˣضϽס죬ȵҾֻ͡㣬˵ʲôˣ⻹Ǵ죬ñʲô
ôˡְס͵ߵ֣ǣֱ׳Լķˣ˭Ҳ˵ʲô
ضϵЦ⵭һĳָһĨ΢
һᣬˣͲˡ
üͷһšüȾ֡
ضԤϣܻĿࡣ
ضŵֱ룬Ҳͷת򣬲Ǻƻĺףת۾ڽڰˣԵֵ
ֱضʺŲ鲻Ըɿڡ
Ĵߣ̧ͷ˸ɾ
ض԰׵ȾһĨϼɫ
֮еһˣҪ˷ҡó
Ҳ룺
ʱ죬ֻǸѡ
ſڵˡ
ض
һᣬżУѩ˽ߵ룬ȭ
²μˡ
ԨӺﺬӦһ
ҪһǹϲԶĳ͢ŽѣӵĻӴҴҵǻʱڣǲ󶯸ɸˡͷҵĻʵʬףѯʽδá
δãԨָͷ档
ض޸Ȱ˶
ǡ
ԣɻ뿪
Ԩʣʲô
»ʵǻûбʾһһ⣬СʵԸöٽ𡭡ӭظʡ
Сʵ
ضЦḧĺڷ̫̫̫أСʵ˵Ļʵ۵ʿ˶ۺ졣
Һˣ㡣
Цҡͷ⺷ʳ֮ٹ̣̲ĵطòʧ
ºȻԼִһСѾͷ
ûһᣬԥԥ߽ҡ
ˣиũҪ˵Ǹһʲôŵġ
Ԩٿֱ壺Ķ
͡⡭

񿴳أæ˳ȥ
ضվֽŻЩ¿ۡ
ôţضʡ
˵Ҳ֪
ΪʲôѰضһйؽڡ
ҵ塭룬˵ûɬΪҲǨŭˡ
ԨƳһۣû˵ȴ㣬ȱҽ֮Ҫе汾£ûУǾǹͷ⣬Ļ˵ƭߵ޳о
ΪҲȻ
һƤټ⣬˵ҽȷҽʽ
һ黨޲ӵũλ׵ĵһλãǰһѾԵһɶֻʣмС輸
һ̧żԨԲʵЦݣվȹģм׷ѩ¡
Ǹ佫𣿡
һظмüҪʾ˴ɨ˳ҡҡͷ
ֻﲻ
Ԩżɽأ
ũһסؿڣɲУ֤Լ佫
Ԩšüסܶ˷ʩҲ佫˭ǣ
ũԲ۾һطʣǰ˭佫أ
ԨʧȥԣſС˵һ񣺡£
ضһѣСԥͣ
һŵũݣ
ô֪֮ũһθۡ
ضЦҲ֪˵ġ
ƭңũɫŹ֡
һ⣬ش㣬ƭ㣿ضݸţһ಻ף˵ɡ
ũվԭأضԨѾ£ԥƬ̣
˴֣бĸǸϵĸóԡ
ضһ鲻Ըسȥˡ
ضЦʲôУһʱҲ̸꣬˲һϦʳ
ô˼ũٺЦţ˿ڿˮ
ع⣬ضո˵Ҫ֤ݣ֪֤ʹķڷ
˵ũɫԨ˵Ҫܾ˾ٲӦǽɣ
ضû˵ȳͭŬŬ죺ҾǶͦá
ƽǶӦû⣬ҲƼˣմӹŹ˻ϻˡ
ǵʲô˵ٲٵɣũͷ
ŵ߽պ仰ô˹
񸾣˺ã㻹ԽԽˣ
񡪡
ض΢Цֹáũһۣ¸ӣվض
Ȼ˵˲ʲôǲʲôضЦ
ԨƳһۣߵС԰С
ɫĴ󶦰԰Уضİãڴʷʮֳ
ԨŶһȦҵʵʹ㣬һ١
صͭ󶦱Ӳٹͷⶼ𾪵ĺ
ãũе⼤ؽУ֡
ͭصϣ𶯡
Ԩ߻ػũš
͸͸ҽ佫šũЦ½ͳһţҵظﲻ֪˶ãҲ֪ʲôȶȡ
Ԩ֮ǰһֻ԰ݵũݳš
Ǹ佫ģũ
͸ضЦ
˺ŷ⣬еֽݸꡣ
Ԩӹչֽһεݻ
ũɴ۾
÷˼ЦˡضЦҪȴ֮ҾʹΪһˡ
ũ¶ܻı飺㡪
ضѾ
һ߿һ˵ԭҽҪȥݡ
ũ̲ס뽫ȥݡ
ĻʸոڶսƲȣʱ뿪ǲס
ʲô׵ģݲһǽף
ҽ޵ȽԼͣǡ
ǲ̫ˣũɫԽ꣺ҽֺͽûЩʲô
ǰҲ֪
ضֽ΢Ц
ȥݣΪʲôأ


122 
㡢˵ʲôũһ˲, °ڳı顣
ضһЦһɽɣ
ô֪ũѿڶ, թң
, βһ˵ضЦԳũ, Ϊҽ, ȻũũֵķɫҲ͸źڻƣʮָؽûµıΣҲûпµļͰ̡Ӧû۲ũɣƶũ, Ҫ°̺̫ˡ
ũǺ, Ƶصض
ôˣҼ๫۰ңӲ
áضͷŷż㣺Ƿνϵҩ㣿
ũһ㶣ҩ㣿
Ǳ𲻳Ϥζġŵζ, Ȼ֪ǶҺͽ˵, ζˡ
ũͰ͵ҽҵģȻҩˡ
ԭˡضȣҩԵ, żһ¶ƮɢȻŵķ϶
ũɫԽԽ죬δ𴩵ʤ𴩵Լˣ˽»ĺӡ
ˣ
ĹĵشضĻ, λ
ظº, ץϵĸݺݵ
ضԨһ, ס
һ˵, ϵҲһ, ضЦڣ˿֪®ɽĿ˰ɣ
ũһᣬſȥ
ꡣ
Ԩͽְ˲輸ǡ
ﲻˬضЦе
Ԩżĸˣով˶󡣡
Ȼˣ˿Щ̹֮һʳΣ񣬽յϦʳЩʲô
죬ּѼ˿⡭¶о⡢д¥ʮһ𣡡
˺ʳôһ
ΣضЦ˿Ҫһͬʳ
⡭Ȼʢ룬ҾǿһͬʳɡһתԼԼҺɣšҲͨ˿飬ҲΥʦšҴˮ
ضһһˮ
ũ˫˺һͨǻԲĥһ룬˺Ĳӽˮ裬һˮ
һˮϴһᣬǸҲˡ
ݳֲֽ˲¶һʮ۵ӡ
ģԼֻʮ꣬ϣϵڣĺˮһ͸ɫŮӦߺѪĻѪ
ضһʼΪзϻͯؾôҲܻ
Ƽ컳ɵλŮˣ̵ϸߡ
ôҲûϵ°ɣذ½һͣü޵ǹҵؿʱƽˣʵļҲխ䱡ˣҲϸϲ١
ۼֻҪ⿪ȥж°αװضæϦʳѾãﲻɣ
Ů룬ͷҲá
һתȥضߵú׼ʱ䡣
Ů¶ضȤȶԨס̧ͷߴߴҲסͶȥ
ŵʲôҩζˣ̵Ŀɵģ˵˵ζķӣɺɰϣҲΪ¶ˣ
ŮضԶ񾩵ػɣɷЦ
ûҩζ
Ůһ˲Ӧһ㡢㡢թңˣûһʵ
ȻСһʳĻ
ȻˣŮȴǹĵֱƵήңֱضȿһʳŮǰ۾űһ⡣
ضʮŮǰһز˶ԵЦ
Զؿ
ŮһһۣٳĬɫĮԨһۣ𽥴ˣֽ˵Լǰһֱˡ
ĳʵţҲ̲ס¶顣
ض΢Цסιˡ
㳢Ŵ־ʶ壬Ǹӵֲˡ
ԣɹʮ·ʱ򣬴ŸѾռģҧһڣϸƷǲǹ𻨺˳ݼ㣿
ļȿˮաһǵĴ¥ģģƲģˣԡ
Ծԡ
ʱ󣬳é®Ů̺죬߬һȣ棺
̫ˣʵ̫̫̫ˡ
ضһ԰ĺ󱳣͵ţ̫ˡ
ҵģˣ
ţˡ
ôôҰﰡΪҳɣŮ£־廹ǵȡ
ضʲô֣Ϊʲô˵Լң
Ůͷ˯۾ſһᣬȻ¼Ƚ
ףôŮֶǵˣϵ׵Ƶߵ
ض̽
ҰףŮغޡ
ô
ҵ˵ʹˣʦֵһɻ顪Ҳƣҵʦֵǣĸ˸˵ϲ˵ϲҲУˣ˭˺ٷ򡪡ҲҾͲ
ҪΪҵԼյС檸绨ƾʲôҪһȺӦԼҡ
˸ãҭҭ˵
Ȼ󡭡ȻҾԡԼɽˣܣΪʦֺҵ˵޷˺̫
ˡ
ضĻһƣɷ˵ȥ
û
ֻ˵˲Ż˵ԼûȵˮѾơ
ضһһ«ֹȥ
֮Ů̱ϣ˫ۻɢʱãһ
ļ̫ʲô
ضԺҸ᷿ùͣſɼ˰أúдҪʧڡ
뿪󣬻ֻʣضԨԼһǽ塣
û˼÷һۺԨڣ
ô
˯ͷضЦͷ⣬ã
ԨĬƬ̺˵ݲ
Ǻ̫ӣܹΪǺ̫ӵΨһԭֻСˣǬƣ뵽̫ӡ
ͨգûʸ֪Ǭ֡
ضͬĿһ߶ԼǰǱûһһߵ
֮󣬾֪ˡ
Ʊû߾ͱ˶˹ȥ
Ԩһ
ضҵ
Ȼֹߵǰ⿪°ͣǿӲؽһι˽
סͷҺоĵһ˳ź£յС¹ײ
ֱὫɿ
ûüһԨѾᱧ
ʲôͨ죬̲סͷһ¡
ȥ·ü㣬ȶˡ
ԨǱңڳƻر֮ĥӲݵְ·
αضȸۣǾͲˡ
һ˯˯ڶת
ҡŵӵζˡ
ۿԺ
۾һƼϰ˺һƲˣԷĽƽǰڸԼơ
Ǿƻһ죬ļȫˡ
ʲô㣡ŮƭӣŮƭӣ
һŮƭӣ
ضɫ֪ʲôˡ
Ц˯һ죬˰ɡԵʲô
Ҳԣ
ӿһ䲻ӡ
ض٣͹۲òϰˡʲôϲôԣѾеס
ãҾͲˡ
ضЦ磬һ֦Ž
ӵֽˣ֦õĲＹұ̳ĶϺϺʽʵＹĿڸкײֹѡã֦⻹һܣ֪𣿡
ۿ죬һſڣˡ
͵زӣίҲ֪
ضδţ̾Ϣ۽µϺټˬڵݩ飬մŨĽ֭ڵһ˲
δٰ̣ͣڻζ֦
ᶼҪݷˡ
ضʣĸС⣿֪С˭𣿡
˭һҪСŰݸ
ضգգۣѽ
۾һᡣ
ǰŮˣ̫ˣϵ
ⲻٺͻŮ˵ض˫ŮһûΪѡ
ɱﵻûʹء
ضһ鳴ǷŽֻ⣬еС
ɴ۾ôܰѴˣ
ض޹ҲϲԴǡ
¿ּ꣬һ⣬ֻ⣬´ǡ
㲻ϲԴΪʲôҪԳǣ
ضɽŲæҾϲԴϵ⡣
һᣬۻ߰˿Сǡ
ʵ̲סˣŮ˲ˣϵˣôôԴĴǣ
߿ӣֻЬһű˹硣
ǡ⡢֦⡭һ٣߳ĵĶ
ضЦеط¿ӣ
¶
㣿ҧ⣬˵ӰһмİۣҪ붾㣬ǧٴˡ
ˣһҪллĸ̧ˡ
һ۾أ

϶Ҳ񶨣´һ
ŮǶ΢ЦǲϣҲòϣŮ˳ÿϵʮʮ绨СҪƯˡ
û˵ݺҧ˿Ĵ⣺˭˵ģҲ
ŷضЦ
ŵӶˣɴ۾ŻŮˣһŷӦ͵Ǻˣƭң
Ҳƭ㡣ضӻĹĵطȥ⣬Һ뵽ط
˵زˣҲúŪȥӣֱӵ֡
Ҳŭ΢ЦӷЩ顣
ϵС檵ʱѾˣҪڣ϶˺á
⻵Ůôһ㲻
ҵֻûѵƲҵ˵Ի૵ˣҶƲ֮ҵǺҳϵҽҫأΪ˲ҲҶ룬ĥţ̫ӵֻȥҵҲұ飬ҿ̫
Ƴضüɫһ١
ȡɽҾ̫ˡ
˵϶Ϊ˿ϵܿҲܿɽϳҵҽãҪԸҽ֣ҾͰｫôڴؿضܽ𣿡
ضﵹǲֱֵӾˣĽ֣̯ס
ǰ֧ԨҪڳ»ͷ
ǲܵġض޽ԡ
ôޣһ¶
ǸѾˣټ޽ƽأҲҪʲôԼﰲؼ
ʲô裿裿Ͷ䡣
ǰһһ裬Ϊ˽ʡп֧ջҪίίһ衭ģˣһռһ衣
Ǹж󣿡
ضӵֱ΢Ц⣺Ǯǳġһ£ǽϲģԺϸ¼ҪǽһţԺҪٳЩЩ򽫾ϲҪＷһˡ
Ҳɫ԰ףҲޣ޲ޣ
ضȰްɣ޽һӣǳԴЩСЩЩȻŮˣ֪ǸȵĺˡֻҪŲŲһؼĺŮˣǲᶯֵġ㶯ˣǰҲǱ˦ԺӰˣ㲻ʲô
Ұףˡ
ܿ˦ţ⻹ʲô
޲ޣҲޡӣҲ˲òҪţˣͣңǮһʸ㡭

ضһѽ˻°λϡ
㲻޽ѵȥʦֵǣ
ҲСᡣ
Լ޸˰ضļ׻׻գôңǸСĻˣڽƽʱǿССĳסȫÿ춼ݲĿܳ⽫㿴ȥѵҲһ֪ʶȤԸһԴӢ𣿡
˿Ļ˽ȥŮ˺ҲôģǾһԴӡ
ÿ춼ӳ𣿡ҭ
ض϶УʲôС
ҵĳϵҪأ
ҪѽĲκˣǽľˣռʮѵ𣿡
ûŮˡǻŮˣһŮˡ
Ů˵̫еˣ֪ʼͷ
ðɡ


123 
, ŨĲҩɢŴյĶ
, ͥǻоҩǬֻҪŵζͻῪʼ, ʱҪƳ, ׶ˡһֻƳ, ҿʲôǿ塢ٵҩȻһʱ䡭׳öܾٶ, Ӧò⡣
ٴһѻϵĲҩ̧ͷڶˡ
Ԩ΢̻¶ؿضվߣȻ֪Ҫ, ֻǴļϸ谲ο
, 
Ůüͷ࣬Ͳּ¶Ȼͬ
ԨݳѾ, ϿСһ
ҩζ̫Ũ, ټϴӿĴĿѪ, ضһ̸еѣκͶġ
ǿѹ, ؿѪϴ, κ, һֻɫĹƳ˿ڴ˳, ۼֿ, ְ˿һѹ, Ѫ͹Ƴһ䵽˴
һ׾Ҫˢ˿ڡ
һǿҵĶĴؿڽʹضͷ­ֻü죬һȵѪʹָ˳
ǼѪ档
Ԩ͵վ梣
梣
ɻ󣬽ѾźŮŭɹˣôˣ
ҿץָ֣ΰϡ
ضѾվˣ񻯳һ̲ˮԨ̣ȥ
İ䣬뵽ԼſڿܾһѪֻܽסǰۡ
ôˣ
ҡڿ
ڼҽڶʲô֢ﶼ÷û뵽һ ɽδŵ󡪡
¶һ˿ңӦð
Ԩӹҽڲµʱˮոո˿ڣ⿪ض򢣬Ѫͽ
Уɫ䣬ҪֹԨһˣ
㲻ֱιģŪģ
ᶼҪˣԨȻܲˡ
㲻ܺôãȫһѣκ˿²ˣôˣȻ˿
ٽȥǲŪ֮ѡһ̧ң
ʲô
Ԩеë
Ҹ㣬·붼Ҫף
ضǰѾָ˼ֻ
ģؿһڵĽٿ˿ҩڷյĻ裬һ֣
죡֪ˡȥ
Ԩһѽض̧ţ˳ȥ
Ȼأ
ææ˳·ȫģϴ裡մȾҩζĶԶһЩһҪҩζȫˣ
ͷжŹƳ棬㣬Ԩضֱԡܡ
ΪĽڶʹۡ޴ʷۼĥȪˮ޽ɳأֻϧûϼأʮȪԡؾͳ֮
Ԩضˮ⣬ſʼԼ·
ضˮֻһزͷߣҰ˵ԨûЩˣվڸչϥǵˮͿʼװ
ضŤӿķ
ѵó󣬶ˮͷ˳ͷϵҩζˮ
¡ضϢ΢
ֲû
ô˵ǹԹԵض°ˮһְ߰뻬Ųضߡ
ڼӲʯϵıԼСؽͷϵķɿһͷޡ
˿׹ˮָ
ضȥϵˣѾµĹƳ˿ڣд죬½衣
ۡ˵
ضԱۡԶǹļºͶҲƽϢˡ
ȵˮͷ£ضϢ񣬾ˮ
һָֻǣѪţƬ촽˱
Ԩ
ضһڣͳֱ봳˽
ͷҰǣԵǿӲеѪȣΪ˷ԣˮĸɽᵽá
ˣˣڴ
һһߵŮŬȥԡϷ͸Ĵڡ
ض˫ۣ󴭼ڡ
һ˿ĲȻ죬߸˵ˣûˣ̫ˣ
ⶼ㷢֢ᡭֻǲ֪ҵʲôϵضʡ
йϵϵˡݻᣬ建֮ٸ㣡ˣģһãýг޵Ļᣡ
ûСһַһȥˡ
ԽԽһ˫ֱۺһ̵β͡
ĶҧЩˣʲô
ĥĥβ͡
ĥˮҡҷĥࡣ
֡Щȥ¡
һᣬͶһᡣȻҧסĶҧ֮гϢ梣Ҫҽ
梡ֱأϢĶϣһӿ
ضҪˡ
ɰס
梣Ҳ䡣߰
ضһԥ
ûзĻˡ
Ԩ£Ų鸡߳ԡʱо˶䱡һ㡣
෴꾫ֻͳһʮɣ˿
˽Ȼ̬ͬضֱʣ
ôȡ˹ƵǸ
ԨͷϽ˵ʲôϵ
ǲǰ͸ιѪʡ
ǣʲô⣿
ˣ˵֪֪ѪжԵͨҪֱӺѪܵѪ
ԣҲͨˡ
ضһ˼˹ؽڣ
õģҵ塭Ҳ˹ƣ
ûơ
ʲôƣ
϶Ǭơ
ض꣬¶ɫ
˭ֵĹƣûǣǬǶԹ𣿡شˣǬһһĸĽǬƣĸĽƣǬǡ
ضͷΪǬںŮϣôϣ
ضһϷֺԣǬƺʲô𣿡
Ļ׾ͱ˷
ˡǬƿԿƵѪǿ׳Ʒܡ֮ҩǬҲһֱȡģڵķֳٶҲµļ¼Ԫ̫ӾΪȡ̫ƵƳ淴ɣֻʣһ߰׹ᡣ
ضѸ˼
ĻжǬʡǺöʵΪʲôԼϣ
ΪֻǬƲǺö
ǬƣͿԴѪǿֻһҩӣõӣǾһ˵ҩӣʧȥʥģȨǣôͿܳΪʵҩӡ
ǸΣְλĶΣգʵֻһǴӶ֮λġ
ضֹ
㣬˵޷ض
Ǭơڡɿƿۣ·˵ʲô˵Ļһˡ
ԨôãԵĲȤֻһ⣺
Ĳ𣿡
üβˡ
ԨȭͷҪˣһɿΰ
ŮǰͲһ˵
ÿһѪҪܵסǾһΣꡪ
ܺͨ˵һ
Ρһۣ˲䣬Ůá
ĺŮ˵ļϧҽβȴβȱ
죬ҿˡض
Ԩ㲻ܿ
廰˵갡ôǺرأȻûһӭѪȲⲻͽˣ
Ԩɿ˽յȭͷ
յضǰգֻĴ۾һڴúϦʳ֦ͳҪ±͸ˡ
ضͷҪĶС
Ԩɫؿųǰԣ֡Ҫǳеãھĺӷӳȥ
áԴ˲ģƳһ۶꽫Ǹһ۹ⲻá
Ԩޱնӷ֡
ЩССĸΪ˸ŮβµģںŮǬƣӶÿһҽȻ޴ʩչ
ϵ˵޹»һ⣬᲻ҭţ
ǳʱ򣬺Ů˿ˣһμʱõ⾫ҲǵļҴѧ𣿡
ǰȻһƣҪҪҰҲһţ
ض΢Цǲ̫鷳ˣ
ܸжõŮ˰ϵ֧ʹɻʱ򣬴鲻鷳
ϵƭɽ¶ǻˣ
ޣ
˵Ҳţÿ㣬Ҫһ¾
Ǿ鷳ˡضЦҪʲôͺ˵
˷СҪȻŻű
ôˣضʡ
򡢷ˡ
񲻰ֽ½ǣ
һȺıиûӵ˵ʲô͢ļҪǸϿȥּأ


124 
޴ʷ, Χſֵˡ
嵶׵ĽʿԴŵһ, ˴Լʮ꣬ʯɫۣ, װ׾д̱Į
ɫ߳, һһŮ˳Ⱥʱڡ
佫ͷˡ
ضΪ׵Ĵ̫Ͽһۣס
̫λˡ
Ц빫˵
̫Ԩɨһ, 촽һš, ¶ЦҲáǣա
̫˵, ߰һ߽ͬš
һιˣʣ࿴ֿ˸ͿİսͷӶ
̫˵ԼǾģļٵģ
鸽͢𣿡
Ҫǽ, ԸڵĴ󽫾Ҳȥܻʵ۵Ҫǻʵܣʧôã
ǡͷǲкӹ, ֮ǰôܹ꣬͢ǿŽ½ףȲժˣǳ͢ǿ
ԽԽ, ȺȻ
ɴμǰ, ˫ѹơ
, ױǴ˷һ, ѡ鸽, Ҳ֮УҪŽͷ˻ѡ񡣡
СüһȺҲŵߺȣ
ǰֻҪǵĻǽͷˣ鲻˳ģʲôѵôˣǻŽͷǾǰɢ֪˵ǶԳ֪͢ģΪǶԽͷ˲һЩɢ˰ɣͷ˴鷳
Ҳͷɧһͷ˴鷳ûһɢ˸⡣
˶뿪СüյɴԣĻ˳͢𣿡
ȻˣǱǴ˷һ֡ɴͷ
ǲԸô죿
ǲ᲻ͬġ
Ϊʲô
ΪʲôΪͷ˱ǻӻŮ
ɴû˵ͷָΪģ߰գǽһˡ

ʥּϣʮļܾסڸе룬ǰˣȥ˳Ŀջ
ضĦʥּϽ֯ЦЦ
λ磬Сý䰵һʥּʲôôҲûУͷξǽȨԹԻؾҲʥּЧЩ
Ԩ޺ϣһںڳ/ǹ۾һ
ǲȥˣ
Ҫȥģֻǲڡĵڶ࣬Ҫ֮ɽӡҲ롣ʵżȥĪǰ߿ġ
̧ͷ⿪죬૵ҵȵˣҲõˡ
û
˽⸸ʡضЦأ۸
պղ޵Ϣ˽ʮݡ
аնڹһ⡪
˳˷
¸㾲޳ľ¥ȴƻͨС
֣ӺϷһƼղƵĵãתҪߡ
֣ξǷˣͲԸͬЩСһͬˣ
һͬϹսĽۼֿ£ɷ˵Ƶǰ
ɮ濴棬ղ˻ڣתߣ̫ʧˣ
ˣֻ֣øЦűȭ׾׾֪ղڴˣʧˡ
Цһ¶ϲŭѱɫƵ
£ξ붼ǲвҲˣϡ˺ȼյƣ
֣ɨһȦǾн죬λҲ
ֻӲͷƤȥ
Ǹո˵Ķˣ̧Ʊ
˵̫ʺ񣡡Ӧ
ԡ̫ʺ񡣡Ц²£ڸΪ˽ʡֻ֧ͷ֮ˣ̫ӳΪλĽʿ뵽͵ּ⡣
һʱ䣬ϯǶ̫ӵ֮ʣеȻԼԶĻӭʹ
֣ϯϣҶ磬亹ֱ
ֻǡϳա֣亹ĺŽǶȡ
ʥּգ˿δƽ˳ʱŭ˵ˣλǴ治֮ˡ
ϯϰԣ̧֣ͷ亹˳Ŷǵ
ʵ˾ʵڲ֮١˿ڣ첲ôǿ׳šǽױǴ˷һ˷ˣҲǣǵ˱£һսںòƽǾнʿƽͷգǶԸٴ󶯸ɸˡֻ΢ᣬȰ˵ı⡣
ʶ㣬ɷΪָ·
ΪѣҲûа취ֻҪǶŽ
˵
¶΢ЦδһڵľյŻϣ̫еڡ
̧֣ͷϵĽ죬֮һ֮һһ⣬֮һ˽Ӷæýӡ
뿪ֺϷʱ֣ôһԪ
Ԫûþ͵ضϡ
²뽫ͷˡ
ضЦգŹĹûҪ佱ǡ˵أ
꽫ĵĿ֣ϡ֣һݣһɿľ޴ѹʹͷȥ
ӪĶξ
֣û뵽ܼǵǣ
ף滸ȥˣӪ
ף滸˽ҹϯϵһԱ̬ȣѱ
֣ϲʤæϥл
ȥաض״ĽԪݸ
֣һ²ң
ҺͽģкβңضЦ
֣̽ϲɫڵؽˡ
ͳȥضһڡ
ǻ֪ǵݡԨ
ض˷Ͷ佫ѹ̫ͶŻӡʾͲһˡ¹ǵݻʵ䷴ּ˸ﻨǲ֪佫һС
𣿡Ԩ
ȡضŲƯһƬ²裬ߴЦҵҪȵȵȵȵ
պǾĺʱ򣬾ԤȺ󣬹ξĶԱ˳С
Աģºܵõڵİ˱һ롣
ֳͷܶΪһ˱ĲƽҲһýͷ˷ɵĽӵܣǣűļλҲֳֻΪȡһϡ
һ̸࣬ѹֲס
ĵģǽ׵仹˷⡣
ضԴζԱ棬ĸԼдģ޸˼ʮ飬̨¼λŵʿǱʼǡ
ԨʲôҲ
ֳϣֻҪĿĵطһƾ˵̬ýĽǿС㽲ѡ
Ҫά԰Ͳܽϣڵϣ
ضվ¥̨Χǰ¥ڶͷ
ƽǴϵģǿǴһģ򣬻𵶽˴ӵһµµΪϱһǸͷأΪСһƬأ
Ҫͷأ
̨˳Ļ졣
ЪĻᣬǶһۣﶼǶԽ˷ĵ塣
ֲôȰҲҪԷ
ѵµūͣùܼҴֻͣн˲ͣҪԳ档
Ǽ鴦ȵĳɣʵ֤һʮá
ȻŮͷ¶Щ񣬵⣬ʲô˵ģ
ۼбԱҪóɹһȺʿֱƿȺӵһµ¥̨
̨°ղԣֿ¥﷢飬׷궯
Щ˶¥ͣ¥ݿڣԨһǾͲԼͬеļ˳
òļض˵˵ͷһŲӵĳƤЦⲻЦ
ӹʥּѾ˰գۼҲ御ˡͷδȨѵ뿹ּ𣿡
Ԩαߵںڳ/ǹǹԭɫںڣѪʱ󣬺жһĨ졣
սĽʿʱʶһˡ
ޣЩõһۣ
ʶƵĹ˳̫ΪйĽʿ˶ͣȴΪһ֮˽£Ѳ壬Ϊԭ˷˵أܹ˳˷ʵۣܺͳʲôͬ
¥£Ȼ󲨡
Ϊ
ҼСò׸ˣʵΪˡ
ѵΪŻб
˵мֵкѪͳ
ض¥ۣ治ɫ
һҲԿ
˵úãʶƵض΢ЦҺͽӲҲδй뷨Һͽ˷ˣӦñȴ˴˶һ㡣
ĿܣˣǾ͸ϽʥּԣȨٷ
ʼҺͽжְ֮Ǻ˼Σ
ڸԻָ֮ͨ˽ִ˵ؾ
֮ǰأ
֮ǰȻۼҴΪִơɫ͡
¥°žһ̫ܣ֮ǣ׽ӡ
Ȩ֮ʱľٱˣڻؾ·ϣָ֮͢δףʼĴУ
գҧԻᾡȫʥּ£ʲô⣬ʥּǰ뽻ۼֻΪλΪˣۼұֻܲˣ
İ˺ȻðذΧ¥̨
ų¥̨߷Ľס۾ŭ뱳ѽ𣿣
ֻǲ뱳Ѵ˷ˡ
Ҳ¡
Ʊ˷ó䳤ÿ˭ңɱ
һʱ䣬¥̨鵶
Ϊ׵ЦƲԳԷƣɵʲôʱܸĸģ
ۼ¥¾ҪѪͻضȻЦˡ
ʲô
֪һֱһһ˿һЦ;賯˹ȥ
һѩ׵ӽһϿյ롣
ߴŵһֻɫ֡
ɫ䣺
ˡ
Ȫʥּ񾩳ʾԨּ
ضƿɫ԰׵ļ¥ȥ
¥ã½һͷһ¥ݿڶһƬȫǰʩѹľн졣
Ԩһ߳/ǹתһƯǹ
ضЦһͬ߳¥̨
Ⱥ糱ˮԶ˿
ضȪһۣһоڲС
ȹ£Ԩ
գۣշ׷׹򵹡
ˣʵگԻ
֮ӣ͹ң£֮Ůģ²֮ǣ󻼡Σ壬ʧأΪ˷ºͣ
زʾΪڻƽʮ˿ǧƥλϮ棻ӷŮΪʳ򻧣ҵͬǳ֮ʱٳơ
£ʹ֪
Ȫʥּڼžг
лɡ
ضͷ쳹յء
л¡


125 
ԽǾϢ, ڷյϴԽ졣
һգ佫ǻʾӡó, 񾩳ٰϢ, ܱߴׯ, Ҳ½֪
ԭǲҪʹ˷սĽ˷׷׷ûбҪ, ΪѾˣ
˵һԼල
ǽʧݵʱ, Ҳʱд
޸, Ӳ跿˲ʱ跿СѾͷ׷ʣǻ𣿷ǹôޣ
һͷݺݵ
ԭͲǷ, ƭǵģϹ, Լ£
ѵСѾͷߡ
ͷˡ, ͳǲƭˣź
ѵΪԳֻһˣ
ܹΣ
ʱ, ںղ̸ϲ裬Ҷ࿴ȻӣԾ˳˻
, 볤ˡ
ֻʣ˺, Ȫ, ضæס
ܴʥּϵѾףһ·ϣûѰɣ
Ԩһԣؿ
̫һ·أɳɱȻκ̫Ĵ̿·꣬»䣬;ֵó֮˽ȣоյޡ
ƽͺãһ·ˡ
Ȫͷ²Ҿӹǳ㡣
ضЦڹйΣɺã
Ȫһɡ
ôˣ
»пҪ´
˵ʲôˣ
˵Ҫؾ
ضЦһ͡
ѵΣҸһ顣
ǡȪͨ߹Ұع¼Һ̽ҶԹģ֮ʥּҿӱȥס½ӹʥּ󣬱½໰确һҪŹҩҪۡŻƤ񣬰鶪Ĺ֮˵࣬󡭡³̾һ˵ˣҲˣֻת﹫һ䡮Ҫؾ
֪ʺγԣ
²ʥ⡣ȪĿҼʱݣءع˾뵡ǰĲã俴ɫ󣬿ǳɲ衣
ضĬú󣬵֪ˡ·Ϸ¶ˣ˱᷿ҰϢ

ȪߺضָǰյĿⴥ̲ҶתʧȥȲ˼
𣿡ʡ
̧ۣɫɢ١
ӣ̫ƽȪתжáǡ޻ˡΪ֪Ҳῴ۸ῴ۸
㻹©һš
©ʲô
ٵǰӲơޡ
ضǡ˽º˵ԡҡԳơ
ʥּġԨƳƵʥּ˵ûһġ
ΪҪƭң
ض֪ġ
ԨûлشΪף֪𰸡
ֻǲϡ
̫ϣж±ȨֿȭؾȪ츸ʿͣҪǴ˷ңֻǣġԭԼ
Ȫҽʮֻ꣬Ǻ
ɲֻܰһߣһֱ˼ڶϸ˭
Ȫ
ûֱջһУԭϣԼ
ֻв滰ĻԲԼ档ض£ʵȷ˿ͣʥּҷǳ֮ʱٳƵȨΪ˷ֹгһ̫Ӵ۹ңԡҪؾģǼٵġڹǣ뵡ǿܵģҪ˵óԲ󡣸̫Ӹûв̫Ӳ湦򶼲
οϱʲͻΧȴ˷ںٵ۹ˣΪٵۣ߶Ĵӡ
ȪʧΪ˽̫ӱԣȴ֪һͼ̫ΪΪսһĻ
һʣһǰʱ̣ԶԺ
һʸԡѪƴػͬٵۡ
ǰһ䣬Ƕ˵ġ
ܰ
Ǩ֮񾩶϶Ϣء
оͰսãѪ֮ԶΧһ˸ڿ
ԣȪʾ̫ӿѾвϸʱŻһɡ
˵̫Ӵ۹ţ˵ϸ¹˸ó²Ū
š
ûһľأ룬һȿʼıࡣ
ضЦһǵȲˡ
Ȼ̤̤һصĽŲʶˣδ̤żضЦֵʲôߣ
ߡ˳屼沿ҵˣԣ
ԨôԼõĲһ
ƳһֹۣҵԼģ𣿻
ôõģ
ضȤȻһıӣʵᱡĳ
Ҳ֪ôġ

²ؽӹٱӣıȥ˼£ٿ
ضһСؿžи˲ٵıӡ
ԭıֻ˷ĸͦڱ˺ĸͦؼǣضҿ¸ǲ˵ᱻٱӸƭȥ
⣬Ǹˣȹһᣬӵȶȴȥ͸û˷Ǽٵˡ
ضЦ洫Ȼտ֮£ҲҲڶһˡ
ûأ
üɫ裬򢡢աȧǡҲϼļضС￴ʱѾϲԼˡ
ôֻǵõģ´θĲǳƷմˮմҩȡ£Ҫճˣ㶪Ͱﶳһˣ
ضлؿһߵԨҪҪҲ׼˲ģҪǲҪҡ
ҪԨԼ࣬һɨ˹Ըú
ܲԸŲ˹ȡɫͬ沿Ԩȥ
Լ
һùѧŸոտӣԼȥ
ԨʦͨȥȻһűضӲ۵ס
ȻЩģȻڣ˵Ǵ˷ĻӺ͹
ضЦǣ֮ǰΪƹϵ֡
Ҳ֣˷˻ǺˣҶûʲôϵһɻ󣺡ֻ֪رôڴ˷Ļӹϣ
ضŲæȻ֮ͥ󣬵˴˷
ʣΪʲô˷ʵԼǬƣɫ԰׵ض־Լʲôˡ
ݣ㸸ʿϰǬ㡭۰㡣
ضɫЦ
ʵȷ۰ҡ
ˮǧɽعѹͳ
ߴȫ鷿䣬۹۱Ǳǹģһ
ٵ۶˶ǰɫţʵۣһѧ¶Сӣǰ֮˱η塣
̫ûýߣǱýߵķӻҪ¡
ٵ˵Ǽֺ鷿ʼճš
ŻΪһֻεĴ֣סĲӣֲȥ̫飬ֻöֱŤһֽ
ûã
̫ڿڣٵһĨ𺡣
ʸú;ŵּʱ֮죬ڸûͷ񾩣Ϊֵңһ䡮ûá
ٵ۽Ͱ͵⡭λһ±ش󣬿ɲúú롭
ʱͲ£λ̫ϻкβɣ̫ɫأüͷ壺Ǵλңұ֤ڸ󲻻øʷġλң͢˶ԸʲҲ˳ɴΪ䴦áʲǻͷĵӡΪθʾǲϣ
ٵ㣺롭
ʻҪã̫ӳȥͣǰѵǻҪܹڸٷʲôʥּ

ǲԸ˾Ļ󣬻ǡ̫ϵֽɫϲŭĴָĦͷѡ
ٵ۸ЦǶ̫ӣ㣬˭ܼ̳дͳ
ﲻôġ̫ӴСʱ𣬸ʾͲϲҡΪǸʵĵһӡ

ٵ۱˵£ձ
ʺĸֶλңʹøʺͻѺۡÿվҵҵ趨ʡÿûһжϰ䡪ĿԶȵܵ㡪ʵĿҲ϶ͣһ̡
ڸֵùĵֻĸͳѡ
΢Цͷ­ϵĴָ׸ȴһƬ
Ѿˡڿ˭
ٵɫף̫ӣĸǻʺѵ⻹𣿡
ԭǹġ̫ӽֽŻԭѻָƽֻǸԽڸֱӷʥּΪڸԹٵӣʿɶˣ˵ʴȨΪﰡ
佫ĳıģѵ˿ûв𣿡
ٵɫѿ
ΣξǿһҲ˸Ҷ˷ػڳԣҸ뽫ȨץУλңԿɾסعУǰӵеģԺҲУֻ಻١
ὫµĺöТĸ󣬸ѲξͳѲΣ޹޹ҲؿЩٵɫȶ췢ģøʴ࣬򸸻ԶΪϣԶΪ¡ʣֻİ㿴ҵЩܵܡҪվλϣҸҵûһжģ
ٵüĽšϻ⶯;ᡣ
ʻʲôǣֱ˵Ȼһ𸴡
ĵܵǡ
ʷģǵºСˣֻҪǰؼҶڷģǳ֡
ٵüͷһɣᶨҪһ֤
Ҫʲô֤
޻Ҫдʥּڸ׼޾дλʥּ
ʲôʥּ
ٵۿĿİ˵̫˫۽гһϸ졣
ٵ۱ܿԽĿ⣬оˡ
УôС̫ЦʲңûʲôֵģҡֻҪ㴫λңͣ͵ڸȥ
ٵ۵һȥˣְлô죿
̫ظѸ£ЦǾ͸˻͡ڹ۶ֳӦǲѡǡ
ϳ
ֻȶʮ죬ʮ죬ʹҲõϵˣʱҲӦԼĳŵ
ٵԡ
ˡ㾲ˡ
̫ӷȥٵ۸һ̫ӺȻżǰͣ
ٵ۵ļ⿪ʼ
ˡʧ񡪡̫ĸһҪʣֻ򸸻ʶδĸжδԸҪǽæֹ꣬Сʱ𣬶Ըܺ͸ĸһ˺ͺţ֪գ᣿
̫ˣٵһɿϡ
Ķ¿æ
ⲻǹȥֹɫ
հհգӢĿ࣬ܣ

һȥת۾ͽΪϺʱ
ʱڣضŲŲÿտŻ裬¯ҲҪһƤã˹Ŵǧ
գ˵õߣϴεɢװͬεĳƷżΪߡ
ضž޲ڣΪ⣬°͵⻹ʲôϵǸŽأ
ʲôбض
˴ϵʱͥȹһ˵Сɲˣ˵˼˷Ĵͷ/شǸ˫۱ڣҲһ롪ҲǱ˸ϡã֮ûΡ
Ϊɽﳤҽߣ˵Щ˿ûбܻ䡣
ҵΪ˾ȺȥͥСﲻǺˣȣ˭֪СĿȣųӲǸٲҵе˼͵ҩָֹѪˣָĥǻƤǸˣ˸ģű۾С۾û뵽С󣬻Ļ
£ҪǴԽ˲˼飬ضš
п»֮ҽ£Ҳ޹ֻᱻ˳һҽˡ
ΣǸ粻ֲķһҪÿտҩֹʹСҪԸˡ
ضҪ˵񼱴Ҵұ
ʥּˣ
֮ʥּضһ㶡
أ
ѾԺˣ
ضŲյˮݣ첽߳
˴ӵУһλϲʤ
мδĽʥּվԺУͬѹϲ
ԨѾվԺУΪλʿɫ졣
ض첽Ԩߡ
һθּĽЩţβ˳չʥּ
ּ
ֻ
ضɻȴ޳ɵعȥ
ԺкһȺ
ˣʵگԻ
֮ӣԨʮݣʿ䣬ʮľնĻаģͷͭһȹͻƴΡƽ׸Ͻʮж˾Ϊ׶˾ƽʮݾ
£ʹ֪
̺ʥּ
ˣлɣ
һʱ䣬ͷﲻ
ʥּǺ£ĺ£ضиΪɣһλ˵̫ڷڶô£
̫ôƤӵ³оȨĻӣ
̫ӡ
ǧ֮عĬ
ع˹һأ綶ɸ
ʲôвˣ̫ӴＷ
ûܻش⣬ֻп
ٵ۲ˣŸߴȫˣֻһһдһ֣ʮûдһĴλʥּһûɸǵʥּ
̫ˣ
ȻΪΪܼҲܣʻΪɶܡ
ʾȻĺˣ
ĵ㲻ܵǣΪʲôԸߵһԸλ
ΪʲôΪʲôòʵĿ϶
һڿУ̫ɫԽ¡
ãޱ飬ռһһ³
˼乬˻ݲ¸°ߡˣһ


126 
ڶʥּ׺, ضٲؾл˵ȥˡ
Уڰֱꡣ
ƻ˳Ƿֿ˶á
, һֻȫ, ضƵĺ˵ãʧЦ
Ԩ, ޺ݲˡôˣ㻹ҪãһҪ˽, ƼǵĴ󽫾⸱, ӢɾͲˡ
ɱ
ضԺ󣺡˵Ļ
˭, Ͳҡ
˵˵, Ҫ㣬ھȥ
ưɡ˵Դã梲ǵһҡ
ضЦãԨ㵽ҪΣ
Ĭ, һ, סһȦ򱳺š
᲻㡣
ضָסǰ˫֣Ҳ᲻㡣
ϵԴû˵
˵һ䣬Ҳֵˡ̾Ϣ
ضҪЦ, ŹǺȻײ, Цˡ
Ӻ§, ܵȶȴ͸, һ
ֺȻգץ֣Ը¡
ĺϣ
梶Ҫˣúһأ

ԺµĹһġ
ҽŮ𾪵
𽾰Сǰɽϳҵҽã
̺ԥȥŵԶ
㣬Ⱦȹɣ
һ ܵϵǰĴæȥǹĲòΰҲ˵òΣû취Ρޣ㳤ôô˵޾Ϳޣ
޴룬æӸ˲ᣬһ±ӣһͣ٣Žʹȥ
̿ſţЩԡ
Լ±ζġ
ųűͷҴҲȥʣµᣬͷҽҲȲ˹𣿡
ϵһȵȣҰѻ˵갡пյ˵ˣϽص㣬Ѹټһ˵꣺⣬Ҳ⣬ֻҪԸͳ˴⡣
˲䶮ˣһãȻ
ؿˣûУ
ЦЦʮˡֻڹź򣬲ס
Թôģ֪֪
Ȼֹ
˶ǷˣԺСֹعʲô£
ֲõ˵С檣Цֲ̣ãֲޣȻˣ
֪ʲôʡ
ˣҸһܡ
ʹֱۣʹͷ˵
ʲôܰҲ𣿡⵽һʧ䡣
һЩ
һһ˵
ĸǣںԺС檣صú˼Ҳû֡һɣǰ˹ʲô͵͵ҵ˵ҡ
ܣ̱ɫô檣
죺Ųأ˵ʱЦеġ
Ҳ˼ңС檣
԰ɣҲ֪ɣҹ۲죬⸮˶֪Ҳ˵صú
̫ˣȻ۾ôԵ𡪡
ô˷ܵҪҪҵĵ飬׮հˮʯ
룡ߵ
ҾͲǸߵģʶӣǲȥͨ籨ţ
ǡ
Ǿ͹
һ첲ٴΰȦ˹һһΪҳصС檽ʾ֭
Զһ¼ӭչ͵

ؾգ˿
СԷΪеƽա
պ۾Ŀͺڼ֮ееĶһֱ޳⡣
ض뿪ʱļϸܵĲƥװ˿
˴λؾضֻ˽̡
֪ΪΣԨȻԹԡ
ԶУҲ֪ͣ
ضһ·޷޲ƽЦôˣһ·ѵ㲻
ҾǡֹǾĬĬ졣
Ҳ̫ûˣֱûҳ˵ҡ
£ôʹͽİˣ
ţȪ

⻹ûʮݣ˭Ҫˣؾĳӣ
ضƿţĶտҰϣܶͷ
߳վȺǰԭ̴ݴʷ̴֪½˾Ҿֹ¡
ְμ
糱ˮӿ½˾İղϹ£ǵĺһ**ɢ
̼䣬سš
½˾ƶڼڹĻҰ
̴ݰո֮ظ̴ְ֮͡ݰ
½˾ߵףǴ˷Ұһϵĺȷ紫øԶҡ
ض
СмơȪü
ǵӦ
Ȫɫͬϣÿ
ضߵ½˾ǰԷλ̴ݰհĺù١
գΪıִʮ֪ݣֻһԭĹ١
½˾˵ʲôһ
λʮһʱڣض˫ۣѼѩ׵ĳ촽һͬ
İʳʵĻ
ˣܽʮݵİ𣿡
ضοʵ½˾ֱۣĬĬ˿ᡣ
ҷġ
ضںʵȺ׷װ
ƽֱʵЩVֵ
ߺ󣬽ʮеһվɣţʧҲôʧ׾ڴ˷һңǽҲǰߵյļˡʲôԩǰŻԩŲܵģ֪֪ܵģҲܡҡֻҪһһ죬ϲᱳʸҵš
½˾ɫİҲǻ衣
죬Ѷ
½˾һкһʹӹʢѵ߳Ⱥɫɫ
½˾ӹ̣ߵضǰ׳
ǰϸһͬɵİ£̴ݰյһ΢⣬ֻԸ೤ꡣ
ض˫ֽӹл
ص߰Իϡ
ض͸϶ʾ⡣
ӻɽ˺˱ã½бдͺĳƵİմӴһ
ʻԶԴ޵ĺ
ƵΣʱзضûдԼؾһ£뿪·ϣʼնаղͣǴŲЬЬƶظڳӱÿͣϢʱͻеϼˮαСʳ
ֱ뿪ݽʲ̹ϿȣеĶȫʧݾӣֻؾ
ϪӪ
»صտĶϿȣϤСϪضſˮзӡ
ȥĿʱȴһˡ
ڳӰʵϪ̶ʳ̸߸˵˳
㣡ƢθһҪһ룡
ضĿϪǸ˸ˣ˼
빬һ£Ȫ𣿡
һ㶣˵ѽ˵𣿡
˵Ӧ˵ضȥЦȪ߶ˣ
磬ճãҾͱȥչ˹̽ҿʳ֣ڵʳһڳȪǹ꣬²µġźҲʮˡ
ضЦҲ˴֪֪ף֪ȪˣΣ
һʶƮɣϼŷա
ȡЦ̣
ǾãԸ񣬻ӦҲɪضЦһ⣬̣
ֻһӸŹ˵˼Ҳһҡ
ضɵôҿ㣬ֻ᲻ý޸һˣֻҪϲҲ޵á
СɫʵˡҲûʲôá˺þˡ
ðȥҾͰڱ
ٴͨ죬δġ
˵䣬ضѾһʰҪ߳Ȼͷ
ҺǸľͷĶˣ
ضЦǶԳơū澡
ΪڿЦϵذڳһһ
֪ˣūѧ𣡡
ɵｫ̽˺ԼǰҺѾ˵һǵɫ
ضЦ⣬Ϫϴ˫ֵȪ
κ󣬹˳
ҹԲ¸߹ңһǺԶԶ
ΧҹĽʿᣬ˯²֪
һߴӰ֮ö߽֮Ϣκ󣬱˯ĳ߳Ӫء
һȺҹµӵȺ⣬ȪǷ׷׵ͷܳһͨ
ȪСķһȺҹɫˣȻϢ뿪ˣ˯Ӫ֪
ӱܿݵ·ܿݵ·һ·ȥ
ҹɫţ⣬΢䡣
ضתİĳǰȪû˿⡣
ܿȪ֣Լų
ҪȥĶ
Ȫһؼҡ
ضЦˣҵļң߷ˡ
Ȫû˵
ضƿȪûֹƺг
ɽ̣ܲȷǸʺϰܵĺõط
Ҳһض
ȪĬƬ̣ȥ
ƿţߵǰңݳĺڳһƬط
㲻öұǸ
ضȻȪͷ
ϣϵ˫ֲ԰ѩںܶǰ˫ССַӵվ
ܱǸ
ӿʼβƭ
ԸΪΪ
ǧںʹ촽
ĬĬӣҲãҲãڿ԰ʮĬļ尾
ҡ
촽˶кȻವһ
ؿһԴԴϵţͷһһ֧ؿڣĿѪСϪ
Ҳƭ㡣
Źϡ
Ӵҡ
ɽ֮ӿΪüعĹһڲ
תǹǹһӧһҵĺӡ


127 
һȱɱҹ˼ž
, ضͰŵȪԣҩض齵һͷطŴ
һʼ, ǻɵˣ
ǻɡ
߻кϸ𣿡
Ҳ֪
Ѿ֪޴Աͷֲˣ
ǡ
㻹ʲô
Ȫۣؿϵδ޳, Ѫ˿ڻ¡
֪һС
Ͽȥĵطֻôı飺Ҫȥ
ȪĬ
жٱ

кͶ˺

ֻ֪֪лشҵ⣬ܻȥ
ƽ֪
ضĬ, ʮꡭҸ, ѵ𣿡
һ
ôһ
Чҵ, ضջ, 亹Ĳ԰תޱҹɫЧҵģǺŮ, Ǻϣ
˵ĺأ
Σ˵ֻҪúǵŮʡ
ضڳĬȻŮʡŮʺ񡣡
Լ, ÿһ˵, һ˿ӿ
Ƕ۲Ŵ, ι֮, ûЩûһʼĻӣŮʻһĸ, ûʵ, Ҳһ̫Ů, áûʵۡ
Һ˴/ҩһɽһĸ׻£
֪ҩ/ҩʳ\ġֻκš϶ΡǺ͢á޻õġ
ϣ㡭
Դ˷ݼ˷Уǰϣң
ǡҡͷ
룬ⲻҪ
ΪʲôǺĹȥǺ̫Ů
ѾˡĻնûкҲûк̫ŮһĹңûлʵۿԡ
Ȫ͸ʧ˷Ҳˡ˷Ҳܺ޽ٵһ𣿡
ضЦˡ
㡭Цʲô
ΪΪʲôǴ˷ĹΪҳ˷𣿡
Ϊʲô
Ϊ˷ΪҰƬϡض˷һΪҰˣͬ
ҡʲô𣿡
¶ϵķǸڵʩչԡҺ㷴ģһû𣿡ضģǻģûˣֺ֮һ˵ԭӦΪڷ絲Ĺһϵĸ֮ң֡Իᵹ򡣡
ԶϺģǴ˷ǺʳĩڣҰ˷ʱȫ¼ڲĸعоŰ꣬۵ǻʱֻ꣬ʧȥ˺δΪʧ

Ұռ֮أȴҪ°չټĹһ̰ĺңǺŰ޵ũԭҰݣ֮Ըǻ鸽°
ضȪҪ͸˫ӿģ
ʱѾ븴븴Ĺһ𣿡

ֻҪ°˷Ǻкβͬ
ȪؿŹž޲ϣǿЦ⡣
źοؿ
ͥöá
ͥ˼ɹ䡭񵭣Ӳɱ޹ˡҲûȨѹȳϹԱʣĻϲ֮лɳáҲǡ
Ժ󡭡ĪҪôˡ
һذ״Ϣɽϵ̺
ضؿһŵǰźĵ
ãѻȸ
ɫΪѣСˡ
γѣѻһˮ⻮ա
ɽϵʱͼɽʦֵޱȣǰһĻʵڶγɲ˳
޲ڶԻ˵ͬ飬òʵʵҪԣ
ˡ
ڵĿѹϣضܲס
ͷһߣѾ֮ϣĶճҫѪȾĴء
ؼ䣬һƬʺ졣
ضվߣҰĿ
һִֻӺסۣ۾תԼӵ¼еĻ
ϵϢ΢ѪζһγģģܴԨܴ޵ζ
˵ĴڣϢ޴ڵĿضеĵİġ
ض·գգۣòݵĴ̧ͷʱɫ糣
Щأ
ڣ̶ɱˡԨʬ嶼
óһöݸȪӪµġ
ϸʵ͸мһֻץжߵӥ
ضһ塣
޻̫ӡֻ̫µʿض壬㿴ġ
ԨӵΪʲ񾩡
ض廹
࡭𹼸ˡ
Ҫ񾩣
̫֮ҪɱǵӢ䣬˵˹ơضЦЦڽ׷ȥȥһΡƤӵ°°ߣ˳ܲ
֮ȷǲ졣Ԩֻǣ˭ٰ¶ڣ
ضո³˹
ʳʲôʱš
ݴʦڴˣѵ¶ڣ
˸أһãȻ˵ʲôʳʲôʱ򣿡
ضЦٵȵȣȥԺʲôʲô
ض
һȾѪĲ󣬵ͷȺԸ
Ըʿǣ˲ˣߴ·ޡͳɴλϺ󣬴ǧ˼̶ٰӣǣʱ԰ϵ±ҪнУ©

ضУЩʿɶֵΣ
ǽױҳϿɼ
ˣǸĿڵͽˡ
ġ
ʣµľȪ֮
֪̫ˣȥ
Ȫݡضʵ߽̣ܷ

ȻҪͷҡ
ضû˵꣬һֻ־ʹ
Ƿޡɫƶ档
ϵ֣룺ȷʵ档
ҪضС檺뷨ЩҪƭˣ
޾ϸذһ̣Ҫһضڰġ
෴ķ𽥷롣
΢˽ãֻԨˣһҲû
ĵǰҼݳ꣬һˣȥκȥĵطһˣǧĵ
ڴڴ󳨵ǰĿ޴ȥֻó걳ӰĿļָǡ
һ̣ĳլŮӡ
㲻ȥʲôض㲻ҵʣҲԷԡ
ȥʲôͷҲأĵһͺá
ÿ˶ѡ
Ȫʧذصһɢ
ɱȴûɱܻȥȴѡȥ
ȪΪѡΪ
ԨҲкܶѡ񣬿ÿһΣѡ
ԽദԽǱȽϣԽ飬һǰԽǲöĿ
ܹеĳȣΪҲʼͬһҵĸ濾Ҳһǧһ۽ҵ
ǵʼͬ꿪ʼӳһӰľӿ⡣
˫ں͸ϵҵˡԶΪı
ѽԶԨ
ס겱°͸ļ򣬾ǧٴζһ
ҡ૵
ʲôʱ򣿡
ÿʱÿ̡


128 
ʱǰ̶Ļڻ, ǰŶĶ÷ɿ, ֵһģƽΨʮָߴͦεǰʱ֮ǰ, ϡһ롣
ֵ, ࡣ
Ҫ, ˲ʣ
ƾʲôôࣿ
, ͷܸ˵Ļ𣿣вͺϰ˵ȥ, 𵢸ҵʱ䣬졪һ
Ķֿʼ
Ŵһ, ŮӷС
ģ㲻, ʵıȧǣȥ̱
ѱֻһӵĴѹѹ, ȡذ, 䣬ǰۻ˵糤˿ڡ
̾˿Բ𡣡
һ, ǹòĿ̱ɢ, Ŀ˳, ſ̱òҲˡ
С˶ѡ
Ҫ뼷ѹ˿ڣõĺڴ, һ˫ɫĴ۾ڴ
, , ÷𣿡
ضס˿ڣ΢̧һ㣬ЦŻӦ⡣
ûһᣬСˣӼҴһѸҡ
ͷ̶ЩգޱȵԨ̶ϰĻģҷԴض̶ͨ˵ϲһʼǻ̶ӴһĻڣ˵Ѿ̶Ϸ
ضѹ´˿ѾѪذףٻһ˿ڡ
ضһǰǰ
ǰۣСһ˱ǣ׽ÿһѪ顣
Ԩרע˱ӣǴһߣȻ
˫ްڵסķ⣬ѪҴڡЩʹ˱ĵطܣŻ³ȥ
ȵ˿ĥΪԣרעȫȻѾͶ룬Ȼ֪Ϊʲôԣֻһֿܡ
㹴ҡ
ֻԭڿкŵǰۺȻߣضһ䣬Ҽܵһ
ȥԺûܵԤĳһֻֻͷˤϡ
ضڸʡˣʡ¡һʡ¡
ķˣѾûȥܷ١
κһζҪҵǶסĺԨŵƣǵ޴ӣǵѣҪ̻һҰԺ³̵ؿҧ촽
Ըһ
֪˶ãڽųˮ档
ضųؿڴ԰׵Ⱦõ̺죬һꡣ

侲һᡣ
ô侲
ضϥǶĥȥˡ
ƺһڵϡ
ùˡض
ϴмȥǡһǰֻһ顣
µСȡţͭƤĵϣԾ١
ԨӵͷԵؿ
Ǻ²ܳɻ飿
ض£ԺŨܳڵɻʲô
⻰ͱѣ£ĳɢԨ뻳һҧϡ
ĥĥ⣬ݺݵ㡣
һ漴ͷʹ۾ûգһ¡
ٺѧЩ뻰
ضƿ£𳤷һѳķΣŭǰ˵ˡϾˣŮ̷
ضȥεĶһ٣ɵǾɢţ
ɢšԨ˫ֲ֣Ū˼µĳİɣÿ
ضȥͭݿ̱Ůˣֻúÿ
꽫ӵ뻳㻹˭úÿ
˻صˣﳣģչ£߾ů紺˾ֳ࣬˱ضһѸҡ
Ȼ󲿷ֽԨӡ
мضʡ
աԨѾˡ
̶ӵĿĵǣǸһ߿ԽͱŲķաֻҪίտˡ
ÿհ࣬ҾͲˡ
°ͣҪǴȥɨȻһ١
ضûƿֵԴ첲ԣط̸
أҲᡣ
ʮ꣬ж֣ضȫᵽˡ
ֻҪͬһռʲô⿪ͷƱ𤣬𤡣
ޣæᶫ
ĺضһ̬ʹ˳ٱʱĪһ䡰³ˡ
һأְһȺߣʮ㻣ˣһ겻һƵĸߡ
ضЦľ
ͭϣҪľ䣬ȻƳһߡ
˼ؾٽͭûһߡλǰһ顣ͨĺ߱ѩ׵ļΧΧеĺ챦ʯĿǷ
֪ԨΪʲôߵôʹˣڣһιһ١
ߣֱպ󳵶ǲȥ
ýѵĻѪݣڳ˳̲ͨ顣һ·ͣͣ˵ЩﱾͲʱض
աʧ١ìͷָﾫ߶Ƚŵʱ򣬴ضı˵ҲԸ̫Ƥӵ¡
ȵض˺̶ӷֵ£̶˶ǵ뿪ᣬλŵİϰ岻ǽ˱˵ķԴ֮ǰԨĸ첲ֱ˵ûơ
ɵö࣬Ե٣ǮΪܶûбõĻˣ̶Ҫ˲ţպ̣ҪǸıˣӭʱ
佱λֻԨƤߵĴϰỨ뿪ˡ˷ƷҪزػ·
Ԩ߽ڣƼضһӲòҳľüͷһ壬ߵǰ
һ߽ӣ
㲻ᡪ
˭˵Ҳ᣿
ֱ۵ضȣֽ䳬ض󡪡ٱǰƵЧˣ̶̼գۣһӾǰ
ضˡ
ؿæͣ꣺ʲôʱˣ
ŸϴĽӲ֨ѽ֨ѽľͷҲ̧
ֻвԸģвġ
ضİõĵţҪһ鲼ӣԨڵæ
ʲôæضæ˹ȥ
¡
ض£ý׼
һڡ

Ҿߣ±룬ң°빦
Ҳܽ赽ƣȻ´¿ֱ׳
ô֪ô𣿡
̧ӣʾա
ضˡ
׵ģ׳žһ
㲻ҪæͰɡ
겻ض߳ӣͷãԺ︴ϰһ顶
ʱ֣ԨʰӣԺ˸ˮ˳ŹƷ
һĺԺĽúԺãֻɫʸͷۣûܵϰףҲûӲԹ涨ϲʲôɫʲôɫ
һ֣춥ƶҲɫ仨͸Ŵ˷ûеʢ
ûоɣеɡ
翪ţ洦ɼ¶¶ǵòŮߴ׳Ҳһķ羰ߣ̻¶ۣƤ𪣬ԺڷɫΪΪںͺ֣ضԨ֣ˮλص󺣣ͻأ
ضϽֵĿǴ̽ϢϹ޲ѡ
߽һҲׯѺõĺ˵ӭ˹
Ҫʲô
ضɬʲô
аеĵȻǺȹˡָĿλõһźɫʽУ󴩹ûʯ֮ǰһģһ
еȻ
ضȹĻƣʵ
Ĵȹ𣿡
һƭ㲻ɣ㿴߽ϣǲǴȹĹܶࣿҪ󴩹ȹôôãȤӡô˷ľ˿ģ͸㣬޲ûָо
󻹴Щ
֮ŮʿѶָһ顣
ض
ɽկꡣ
ĻᴩЩʡ
˵ǷѾһĴȣÿʮ嶼̨·ҪǲţԼȥ
аɡضǿǾҪҷҲȱһѡ㲻ҪƼϴİɣ
ô֪󴩹ѣΪǵĵУ㲻һģ߳ȥһ۾֪ġ
ضҲԨöһϴɽկ󣬵һ߸һʣǴӽǱģ
ضЦƹ۹⡣
ȫǱƵģҡͷ⼸꣬ߵˣȫǽģͨ˻ãִү˵ġƢҪһ㷵ʮΡ
ض·ã֪ʲô·
аءһǴ˷ﻻ»ʵˡ
ϻʵأ
Ǳ°ˣ˭֪ûСʼ磺ʵ֪Ҫиʵ£̫ӼλҲʵ
ضĵ⻰سԴ˷ڣսġ
ڲһףҲ˵Ҫʵ¡
˷⣬˷ûµĻʵۡ
ٵ۴ˣٲʵȨ̫ǻûҪ
ضԾ
̫ʲôʱǻģ
ӺǰҲǲˡҪȤȹʮգǰȥ˷̶Ҳûˣʱǲ˷ĴҲﵽɡ
պȡĺõ·ջߣַҽȥҲС
ضЦлƹ񣬺ȡ
յﻹд˷»ʱ¶ؽ⡣
պضȡ˸ĺõѣƽ˾Ӵ˷һ̶ӻδǡ
ضΪҪһʱԴ˷ϢûϵϣϰͼææÿǵԺš
װûҪǰ뿪ˣǸһ߰ɣ
ŵԨüΪʲô
ضմ˳һ䡪
»ʵ游ڵǻ˴ɱˣ
ʲôضһӿŲߵǰϢɿ𣿡
ɿɿҸջֵ˵ġϰ弱öţµ֮˵ĺ̿ģڴ˷ڴµҪϢߣСԺ߲ˣ


129 
ϰ̶ӴҴ뿪ǡ
ضѡ¡
ڶգĴСﶼʼ˷ͼԡ
ǿеĴ˷иʽ, ô仯, һǸԶ󽫾֮
˵棬µ۵游Զ󽫾ڲμǻĵҹ⵽ʿɱ
ʿɱ, ʬк, µ۴ŭ, 񾩳, ֱ²ʿ
ʲô̿ͣҵĽڣ˷̲ˣ
ٽһֵ, ʳ̯ߵƽˡ
һϣ, һпα
ĳϸճ¯α, ȾαӲӵģϵƤѿ·˵͹⡣
Ʈɢſζ, ʳָ󶯡
ضѧ˵, Žο飬һ̡
ˡ˵
Ԩÿɷ
ѰĽ, , 㡣Ǽ, ΪĿĵĲԣҲע֮޷ָضȲǴ, ķ, , 佫ͼӵصķ⽮ΪɣȻˣ˭֣дȶ
ضο飬Уҧ졣
̵ŨִƤζڿһ뱬ǡôض̾
͢ˮ׼
Ԩ̣οת۾ͳ˰̡
˷Ļ𣿡
˵һضûûȵּ⣬ľλº͵ۡΪתƹìܣ쾳ìܲʧΪһ÷
ЦǰһשҪᡭ
ϺȻȺĹԱӹɫࡣ
ʳ̯οۣ
ôô³ˣ
ְճ˰ɣҽԽԽˡ
Ҫڹϣϲˣ;ĩ·ˡ
˵ʲôиһǻ̫Ůء
ض͵ϲɫ
һο꣬ʳ̯Ѳʣʳ͡
ضϰǮĶԳʳֱϰЦһӣӲҪһα
ⲻðɣҪһšضվ¯ǰȡֽϰ˵
һֵǮԺչҵͺˣ
ȻÿͣҺͷһ㣬ﲻɵö࣬ҲǵļȻͬضոʳ˵ﻹи̫ŮǼûй£
ŮӲѽϰ¶̫Ů󣬶ŮӵĿģǰǵĹѧʼŮѧˣ̫Ůأ
ɼ̫Ůģ
̫Ů߶ÿļϣ̫Ů档ϰ彫αݸضֺǺǵ䣬ȥˣ˵̫ŮȻ棬̨һ⣬һŮ·֡
л
ضЦŽӹα
ҪǶҸȤϰмվǿ·ˣȥ̨Ϻ¶棬࣬ģһû˵ɣ
ȷδš
ϰһ⣺˾֪İ
ֻǡضͣһ£ոʳ˵ǵƺ岻ãҪǴ˷иһﻹȫ𣿡
̫Ůأ˵Ҳǳصģˣ˭СС;Ϳʼ㣿˵һӿɱУŮӣҲ˷ҪӣҴˣ
ضͼ䣬ٴξαл󣬺Ԩ뿪˳ʳ̯
û߶Զһ֦СضߺһҲû٣һвֵķϻ֦
ؼҺض֦һֻ̯ĴճƿСһָֻ׸ǴСķϻ俪ƿл֦ʵÿ𣿡
һֱŪ֦Ԩšüͷֿ˰Ρ
ǻʲôÿÿģ
ض̾˿ôأ
˭˵ҲܣԨ˹һ첲ȦֻһĻ벻ҵۡ
ૣٵⱲֻиȡ£ˡ
˵ضٵ۵ķ飬תԭ⻨Ҵǰûм鱾Ҳûп
ɫĻ伸ס֦ɣԶһƬƶ䡣
һϣָ࿪
ң˼
ң
ʱгʱճϣ
ͷβ̫Ů
ЦȲҪһˡ
ƶڴջƿʢգϻ̨һֻһε̨ճ˴š
̨λ⣬ԭֻһȻ͡ݣԡ족Ϊ˴ͳһ֣ƽʱϽֻӽֻܴӰԶԶۿ͡ϵͤ԰ˮ鿡
ضʱѾվȺŻĹ˲٣VֵƽҲ
̫ˣĴкһѰλõںֱײԨһס֣ץ
ضס֣һֻҲץֱۡ
ذ߶һ·һʯűҵλá
û뵽ôˡض̾϶ûһӪҵˡ
صģԱߵĴǺƲСӸ촽һһ
ʹŮһضҲ˰͸ɴЦǰҺͷǰòġ
ǰûôӰ˰ͷüչ˵˷ҪϢ˰ɣҶϺǸʲô㡣
Ǹ죬ضûػѾԹ˵ȥ
ģô֪Ϣߣ⼸Ŷ𳤶ˡ
Ǵӽ׹ġض
ģٲҲסڽǼ˺˾
ȻĿͶԨĿ糤ȣͷ
ҲãҪɱ١ʱҲһѺ֣ȻˣҪǴ˷ĴһϳɱֻϧҹҪԶţ˵Ҫܻ£һ˵˷ĹﶼǽεεС׻˷ҪǿɱҲµӣ
˵ͣʱȺȻ궯ˮŻţһҾĻź
촬ܣϲɫϺ棡
У촬ʻš
Լһյʱ촬͡ݡ
ʮе´һ·ˮǰУϰȷϰȫ󣬳Żɫӡ
ĿƵضſյͷһϱ׵Ļ
ضվλãܿǡȫ
պðһͷŻ쳤ȹ֯ͷɴһֻߵĽɫѩұۣϰ֣ѩ׵ǰϷһ¡
ǰضȣ࣬һ׵ȴشЦ⣬¶һĨ˷ʵʱûе̻ζ
˰ڰٹٴӵ͡Ĺȡ
֪˭ʥأӵĺ˰Ƭ˶촽죬ܼǿڴұѡˣҪ˵ЩʲôأҶбе뷨ϳӡ
ضҲ֪ʲô
Ϊ˱ֵ̻İÿҵ̨˶ֵֹķѡģʼ죬˭Ҳ֪µ̨˶˭
Ҫѡ֮һô죿Ԩʡ
ضɨһɽ˺ѡ֮һҡ
˶٣ʱû̿ɳԡ
˵һڡ
ضδ䣬һ
һұʻ͡ݣվĸߣһ˱ѩһţƤ
·ˣ˭̤·Ҫѡˡ
ض²ſƤѡˣȻ۴ӱſʼһ·ʻƤϵҲ
ڵʲô
ԱߵĴӺҲͷˮʯԶݣ
Ѳǿࣿҵһһĺãʱһ·˵ܺ¹̸ЦҵʮˣͷȰˡֵܸ˰ɡ
ضοֻҪûͻлᡣ
ӺͷԼԼɣɣ¹˵࡭
۽ˣ˶ΣӣһѾ׼ģ
ض˻ﱧȻòԡ
ǰ׻һţΪʶ
ã𣿡ضڡ
˵ֱ۰Ѱ׻Ķһ룬ԨҲֻһ룬üԶʱ˺Ȼıƣ֮ﻻ˸֡
˶ѩһƬʲôǸͲ
ԨٿسضҪ뿪
ѩ׵ʨèǸ졣
һʨè˻ŴһԾ󾪺˰
ʨèѩףΨβںڣһѩг/ǹת۶סض˵·

Ƴèڼž˺и
ʨèĿ֮£˲佩ضصЬϣֻǰצĽףһΡ
~
ϵĸ˰س
ˣɡ
ʮҲûȵһĴӺĿɿڴؿ
ÿ͵ѾʼΪף
סҪһڣʲôطѡ
Ԩһ˵һסϵĵվһضסε֡
ɫ΢ĸˣԨ춯ûб˷֡
ĸ˱ǸЦЦԨûµģϺѵΪһŮô
ǰСΪ˵ͷ
ģֻ˽࣬ʥ֮ԻὫ㰲ȫͻء
ģһᱣԼ
ضգתĸˡ
СͣԭأɵؿԨаȥβ̽Եسȥ
ԨһɨȥСವתԾͣڰߵıۡ
ӺͦһĶ׷ߣŽнԶС
Ҹ֮


130 
С͡ݿ, ĸ˹ض¡
, 
С˵ͷ˵
ض߹, һ乬ǰͣ
С˻£ߵضű߲ȹڡ
󣬱µѴ
, һ, ɡ
ضһ, Ͻŵɫ˽ȥ
ܴ, ͬʱֺܰضͷߵ룬ǰȥ
Ƭ̺, ͷŵϵգؾ񡣽⣬ʳ
һģİǰһӷŵضԡм˰һŷ߳ʳ̵Ůʳ
ضлӳһͷֻصԭλá
ϣСִ˹ԾԾԵģƺϥͷ, ضæװĻҵ, ļء
Сϥûλ, ת̨
ض˳µؽ۽⣬̨
̨һʳĳһǶ޺ΣɫףûƵĿڴϣɴµһ˫ɫСһ޺ſ
˷Ĺǣܺͻʵֻ̨ͬͨлʺ󣬶ʺҪʵһͷλڻʵǰ̨̨ͬͬǻͬ
һУҲͬյߣҲû
֣һûһظС
Úϫū׽ˣǵһ
ʱע⵽ʨè״ͷȷˡ
ضͷ񸾽èմζ˰ɡ
Ҳèʡ
ԺһֻèҰèҲˣǸס
̧ͷҿ
ضһ٣̧ɴ
㲻ˣ۾
ҺͷǴӽġ
סظһ飬Ƭ̺ʣ˵˵װɡ
ضƽеĽףúӽ˵һ顣
йĵطպˣҺͷڽҲֻܱ磬ȥ𴦿ûлᡣ
˷ĳ𣿡
ضͷ񸾼
̨ûлضֻܼ˵
ʱ֯ʩ࣬ҺͷĺˣҲԴ
ȻڣȻʩ࣬廹ã
񸾸ԶӦкá
¿ڣӽ֪ʧһ£
ضнҡͷ񸾳˽ףŴ˿е֪¡
ڳĬκһʧȥȤʣ
кҪ𣿡
񸾺ͷţŴ˷ҪʡҪս𣿡
ġ̾˿սƽҲഢЩĺá
ûˡ
ˣǾͿϯաԲߡ
ضƬ̲磬̧ۣüɫСϵһҿɴС
ǻɡ
ȻԤϣضǲһ
Ȼֻһӹͷ߻Ǻڶݵһɲײˡ
ĵ㲻𣿡
״⣬Ŀȴضϵɴ
ԡ
ضɴ֡
̨ĿĿתעų
ضȡɴǡ
ðˡ
ɴ¿̱ѰջĿ⡣
תͷιʳСϣϫū˻ˮιˡ
ǾͲιˡ¸ռһƬţ⡣
Сֱۣš
ͷè˵ɫºͣʹˣǰˡ
ضϺ۰ֻè˲ɣ
ųӿȫʨè˵ʮˣԭ͸㻹ǵô
תͷԵŮӣԴŰ
ǵáƽ
£ŽС޺Լȥɡ
ضȻɻСɣȻڲóȻ̽ʱ
ӣСѡֻһ⡣
ɺûϳ
ɣ
ضߺٴڿײ漴ͷһըŽ
ʲô֣󿪿ڡ
ضը룬ɫشӯ
кԢ⣿
ӯ
Ǹ֡Ҽ㲻ôʳʳϿζ
ضʹĿ⣬ˡʱûѡԼ糿ʱͷڳʳ̯Ϸʳα¸δϺ֮ʳζѸ̲ͣסͣ硣
ܻ˵ͨ񸾡
ضδ̧ͷָ
ŲæȨƵĺˣҪٲ˵û߳׵ġ
˵еͷ
ҹ
˶¶ȱ顣
ضĬһᣬעߵ̨ǰλͣ¡
ٹ

ضֻܲϸ̨˶סţš
ߵǰ
ߵǰվѾʼͷ߹
ضȹڣĵʪѣһǡƹߵڵ޺һͷͣ¡
һֻ԰׷ϣָ⻮ļȧǺͼѣ
һ绪ïŮĸһŮˣһݿ̱κοȡ֮Ůˡңŷ档
⻭棬õڵ˶ɫŹ֡
ֹ
ضһϢֱֻ׵һ񣬲ò뿪ա
ǡһ
ЦϼЦˣ֮ˡ
ضƽ˻Լϯλֱñϣܸо̽Ŀʱʱϡ
վա
˽һԵվ
ضԵһ¹ͣĽŲٳû
ӯҲһߡƽȻӹɣڽ׵飬һһЩʡȻʱ䣬ᰴŮٺر
Ǽ飬ӯʱ䶼鲻ɣ
ʱһ񸾻ôش
ͷէδҵӪԷǮסҪǮʲôҪǮ
Ů빬飬ŮٺǮ
ȻԻؾڻؾһͳˡһ񸾡
̨
ضԼһյϣ֪ǰ·գԲòǰȥ
ǰΣգҲǻ
֪̽ʵݣҲ֪̽еʵˣβƾͼƣ
֣̿ߵл
¶Цݣͷɴ߳ټĹ

µ̨Ů˱УڹСסϢʹǡ
һڼĽ޵޹ȺڣøеĵŮ˷ĵһ
һԨ˿ţ
Һܺã嶯ġ
λͦذͷ̷ֵûˮĹغԹŵʱһֱǿ׳졣
۾̫ߣûƼǰԽԽı顣
ֱСһ󱳺ݺײʯڣȦĿؿųĸߴӡ
㡢Ҵң
Ԩǰ
ðˣٴţҴľ㡣
ʲôʱٰˡҾǣ
Ԩӳȭͷͣһͣó֤
Ҫʲô֤ݡѡ
ۼȭͷҪ£˴󺰵У
߶´ͳһҵĺɰ
⡭͸ˣҽġɰĻͲ϶ǹģȥҸһʱ֪
Ԩºɰ̧ȭͷ
㡢㻹ҪôҲǰӸ𣿣
ᣬ̰ʮӡ
Ǯ࣬ôᣡ
ô֪ĿģҪ˵ױţȻҾȥŻԩ״ˡ
ǶĶȥױʡ㣡Ҹױţ
ȭͷϱ֮ǰ̴ͣ
ʵǿӯʵǧȭͷǰȭ磬ͺŵ˱Ѫζ
ԨϵֵǮһŽ߳Ժš
飡
ԺǰϣʶڸҡΡ
£ӵ˺ԶŸͣһڣ
ʶôȢһﲻ𣿣
ǶȻҸ״Ϻģֲܽɱڣһع⣬һԲ˶ߡ
զģֻϵù
ԽԽڡǣ˿ڣӴһǣԶˡ
ڶհԨõضױš
ֻһǣչҡ
Ԩ뿴Ĳ
ڽ׵ʱǾͽһױ˴˲ܿ
ָһûй֣ȥͷȥβƴһٿȻİĶ
ȫ


131 
, ֪ѹȥա
Сδ˷ǧ֮, Ѿ֪ˣݹṩĚϫūֵʱ, ǡ׹һꡣ
һ꣬ٵΪɥ£չвȵߵϰ, ʧȥ˵С˲ù
СΪС֮ǰһֱǻɵĚϫūǻͨȪ, еСת˳һ·
˵ֻǲ²⣬ض²Ѿ/Ųʮˡ
˵ŶԽ׻, ض֮, Ƶ, ڹбè¡
רҵʺ٣ضÿյĹǱè, ιè, è, , ɰʱ䡣
èȥĶ, ȥĶ
, ڹûнء
³, ȨԽ, ض±Խ, ȥĵط
֪һ˵žСӡ
˷ҪˣʱһңʲôУûҪڴʱɡ
ضȻ£ιܲסµġ
һ磬С󲻼ӰضèһŻģĹŮָ˷򣺡β͵èɣˡ
ָķǶ̫Ůн֮һ
ֻһɣǰĹŮšüֲʶ㣬ѲɻẦ㣿è̫ŮèҪиֲ̣ҡŲš
񸾲ҡ
ضɫƽϥ
ֳҲ֪ʲôط
ŮֹһŮתˡ
ضһף²ŮϵϿȷź
οȻ̫Ůһкˣڵ⣬̫Ů˰æèҲǿԵġ
ضȥ
ߺ󣬸ոյĹŮҡС˳
ŮӱӰĵ
ҾͲŻ˽˶ܻų
Ůͷԡ
ܾ˷С빬̵ת۾һòĸڹ̣ⲻ˵Сһ˶Ȳ
˹нأ˵صĹûһܻų
λȥ˶Ҳһ·˭ֶ̫Ůأ
߰գ˵ٻ԰ˣɲܽбļȡ
Ůҡҡӣҡҷ˵ˡ
ʱض̤϶̨ס
𣿡
ڼž䴫Ӧ
ضһ̨ףվڵķǰẰһӦ
ԣҪת뿪ĿȻƳһһ̧֣ڵķȥ
Ϣؿˡ
Ϥİһгǰ
ժǹԶǧ֮һժǹ
װΣ󵽵שɫСӼϲɫ˵泯򣬶˷ժǹһ¡
һ¥ˣ̲ס̤˷ʱûϹĶ¥ݡ
ժǹ¥ǻɵ֮֮Уһ׽ԵŮʽĴϣͷһڵķűǿ鷿
ϣīһһĻڴս
֪ߵǰ
δɵĻͤѳһû׵Сſͤ֪ڷѾ˯š
ԣһŻƿżʮᡣ
ضεħƻߵŻƿǰ˻ᡣ
һţҲ޷ֹͣһŻչһеժǹ䡣
ժǹ԰һֻëɵʨèúվǰ̽ȥץСŮеɡ
ժǹСŮ˶ϣĿŮмһö֦
ժǹ鷿ߴǰſһڽŵС߾ٵŬȡһѾһ顣
СŮͬһˣͲһѧﵽͤͤͶС˵СŮ϶ôŮͷεĻѾôȻҡ
¥ºȻŲضһ¾ãƿС
󵨣£
ʱضպýһͶƿС
ߺü۵ܹ̫վ鷿ǰޣͷߵǰ򵹡
Ůӯμϡ
ܹ̫ŭ˭㴳̫Ůģ˰
ˮܹܵĻ
ʲô
ܹס˲ӣߵȻʧ¶Ųı飬ɿƳһšüͷαսԼƬ촽
ر¡ضºڵС֣˵ϫū֪٣񸾴·ٻ԰һŮе֪è乬š
죺˴̫Ů֮أǱãճգϫūôᡪ
δ䣬һֻѩ׵ʨè˳ҡںڵβͣʩʩȻڵϵض
ضעǰµʨèѹһ죬յžƤë
˸ͷû˺˵ǽأ
빬˵èʲôطҾҪʲôط
κ̾˿
ˡϫūȥסû𣿡
ǡ
ضСӵĬĬ⡣
ϫūȻڡ
ضͣ½Ųɫ糣ת
ҪСӣ
ûͳըëʨèһĨʧ˰ͷ
ˡ
Ųʧܹ̫ɣȴҿѰһ𰸡
ûһ붫Ĺܻ뿪Ǵ붫ʲôܹײأȻһΣȴ߸ˡ
ǹŮò̱ϲ̨棬οǽģΪΪ
ܹ̫಻ʵ⣬ڵҹһʵ˳
ӯմ붫ΪҪ뿪
޺ϵĵһŮΪСȡ
ؿƿվԭŮ¡
ЦЦһۣѵǰ붫Щˣû㱣֤ؿƿ
Ĭ޺ϣһı۰ġ
Ҳɱ
Ϊʲô
ĬãʲôûҵĻ
һ񸾣ΪʲôĻȤ
һһĻϵ˻û١
֪㻭˭ȥ֮ǰĻǱ̨˵꣬ߴһ׽͸Ц⣺ʲôˣŻûĻȤ
ûлش⣬ʵ
ΪʲôڹУ
һ˴֪ԭ˶˳Ĭ
ǵġ
Ļ
ڻ˵׼ٿɡ
á˵ͷҽԺ˵ʲôˣ
һףġɫ룬Ъˡ
á
ϰΪؽĴ齡
̵Ĺ˷׷׵ͷ­
˷ϴҲڴͷ˯
㲻
ԡࡣ˯գߡ
ҹɫأâ
ҹضڴϲ˯ģֻһֻ˯ʨè
Զһ׼ֻһʹãδ齶̭ľƷǹֲ̹Ϊ̹Ĺ
Ǹϸˣô뿪֮һ˱Ļᡣ
˵һݲ²ⲻϡ
ڶţԽ⿪һϿõ⡣
̫Ů޹û̫Ůȴ̫Ůᣬһˣȴ˳Ⱦ
û̫ŮĶЩֵ
ţǸ׼Ĺ׼ᡣ׼һ̫ŮĿտǣֻӴ˷ѿǺ׼õĿӡ
ȪʱߣʱѾ̫ŮᣬΪ˰ɡ
ȻΪ£ȫʱõˡʱİ̽ĵƣˡ
Ҳ֪ʲôơ
ߵĺȻˣ˯С´ӯ󣬶׵˴ߡ
ŴԲ£Ƶؽһ
𣿡ضͬҲˡ
ͨһһĹ߷ᳵ·طһ
˭ˣ
ض۾͵شӴ
˷εһƨϴ齣ϴҹˬķ磬۽뻳в˭ˣ
ôضû˵ˣôģ
Ȼ˰취öͷײײĶͷΪ㣬ʮƶùˣ㻹û˵ոձ˭
δضҲŤˡ
ĬƬ̣ʱ˷𣿡
꽾̧°ͣļ㻹ţ
ãǾͲ߳ˡ
꾫׳˵
ˡ


132 
һ, ְճˡ
ˮҽӿȥ, Ϊϵ²׷ףضʳڹϣΪ˲Լ룬ӲҲšüëװһӡ
߻ضɿ˿Ҫüģʳ̵ݸꡣ
Ԩһ߽ҿʳ, һʵôˣ
ֲ, ڲ²⾿ʲôض
ʳһȿݩŲ, ʳһԣ̧ۿߵµض
òǣ
ҾòǡͼС, צӣҽˣɫ糣һƵټҽˡ
˭Ϊڣ
ϻʡض΢ЦصϢ˴£ҵδɵĺŮʾͲһˡ
, һ군ݳ
һڰס⡣
ﶼڴ·, ƽټ, ɴκͲ, ǰ˳ǡ¿ʳ, ߴ, ˼ͷײҽǰڼŸʱɹ
ٵȵȡض
Ԩüʲô
һǧֻǣҪǲܵģֻΪļ¡ЦЦ˭Ҫѡһڹ۲죬֧ڶ࣬ʺɫˡ
ڶ壬ûꡣ
ʲô壿
һ̽ƵϷǲµ˭Ҳµǲµ˭Ƕ̽˴˵ơһ£ǻ᲻ҵ壿
ԨֻǸ˼·ڴһ£ͱ޾
ôЩűָ࣬ʹġ
¡üһ

ʳùãԨ뿪˶
ǷıӰ䣬һǴдʦ
ضԭΪҪܵ٣뵱ϣߵĴŮĶš
ӯСӣ㡣
ãϾ
ضԼû󣬱С߳
Ů´һۣ˵ͷ߰ɡ
˲ǰޣضë׵ʨèﲻǹ˷Ⱥֽն÷ϵɡ
һµض̻Ի͵ǰ
нɫؿַḻеĹǽⱦʯôҫô޸ǵǷ켫˼ɾ챦ʯ̳ɻʯ۱ʯ軨ԣǶС¹۾ʵǾӨ͸ĺ顪
һƷȴϹ˲̤
ΪַĻͥ˴˷ĳӺ̳Щëȴһ٣ݼ⣬ÿ껹һѪʥ顣
ٲȻһС
Ůضȣޱ
԰ٻʢƻã硣
ʯգһʯһûôʳ
ʯǰ׵¹ӳ£Ҳ԰ס
ضɫɨһ۾Ҫ󿪿ڵ
գҲ񡣡
ǡ
ţһ˳ԣܾû˼
ضлʯ¡
ߵĴŮһꡣ
ҽʳ嵭ԶˮĲˣԳԣҲԳԡ
ǡ
һز˶зϺģ䲻ǻȣ֮ȣζʤһ
һԵĹŮҪæˣֻ̧ˣԼȡ˴磬һ굽ضǰ
ڶ
ǽͣڰղһĻĹŮ̶ɴ۾
ɫƽŽ˿
˾ضеһ˿Ц
ĸǵԼ׿ˮĸ׼ǵãμǵãڽգС
ı˷ʤı
ֻϧЩ
ĵټԨѪѾֻ࣬зϺĲ˰ˣ
ضԽߵİ۶ſ졣
һ̣ǰȻˡ
ˡ󽫶ͽһϣ˰գҵ;
㻹ûڣοҽ˵
Ҳ֪ҽô˵ˡޱϴŮĻԼԼȥã
ŮֹһΪѵȥˡ
ʣµĹˮϼûĲȣһᣬʯϴɨøɸɾȥĴŮʯϰڳһŴ̡
̽ƾҲʯֹҪƵĹŮԼƺǰһֵһʱضյȥӡ
ܹĿɿڴ
߹Ĵֻϲܹ
ƣķӣǰкƣƣһھܽ˻ζڱ𴦺Ȳơ
ضΪȰƣû뵽ֻǶԼǰľյһ
ƣãһʹࡣΨһĲãںȶ񫡣
ضĬĬ˶˵ߵľյ
¹ô󿪿ڡ
ضйϷϲ̨档
ϲ̨Ҳ޷壬Ҳ³һ֡
䣬һŮɫľ˹ľģ֣ûд򿪵ƣֻڶϿһһĿ׶
ǿͣÿ
Ůľضǰע£ڡ
ûжûݣһְ͹ƽĶ
Ķ˳¹£Ŀ̫ŮͷϹŽ⡣
ô壬ƫƫ鵽ζЦͦ˼ô
ضָ£ȥ̫ŮΡ
ЦǺ˼
ľ˵һö壬ӵĿŶָڣľֵضǰһһܿͳľ䡣
εս֮У͢ϵܹܴ̫ŮҰϣ˭Ľɫ£˭塣ֻһٴĳԹСģʵͶ̣硪ﴽҿϾɱ̫Ů֤֤Ǹɫ֮ͽôͿòŮɱϡ
˴治֮ȴ˵ϡƽ߹Ůɫƽƶ뾭ѵ֮ϰΪ
ضڣӹɵʼɡ
ҹɫԽԽҵ¹ֻͬ˳԰׵ϣϽ½ɫСˡ
ʯΧϢ񣬾׻԰š
˾ǰ̫Ů̸ʱ򡣡̣ƽҸ׽̸ҵϷҽ̸̫Ůøá
ʤضϵĽŲһѵ𣿡
ˣôˣҲƳһöӣƲȾӣ԰׵ָҲȾ˺ϼ̫Ů֪֮ɽƬעһĲǣһҲ·
ض˶٣ʣѾΪһ֮ѵлͻ֮£
ĳ˴𻰡
һ΢紵ضĹ͢ʦܹܽ͢
һšĹ͢ʦͶװĽͣڵģƿǵţһ·
ƺƣֻ˰뱭
һ
󡭡
˵Ļ𣿣
ƺڵˤ飬ֽһأĴŮսս뿪һᣬȡһơ
ƺְѣɫƽ
Ƕȥɡ
շһλڣû˸ҳȰ裬Ƭ̺ɢ˸ɾ
ǸرӣһԳ֣Цˡ
ӯ̿֡
㲻֣̿һ㶼̿֡
ƺٴεտյľյ֮෴ضһյ˿δϣɫķҺҹ·
Ͼ˶Ҫ¸ң㡪̧ͷ۵Ѫ˿㣬ô
һţƿƿصţǲƣ
ضע˫ۣ
ơ
ѵȵȴпķʽ㣬㱨ǲ

ãȻЦϾյһ
Ҳǣ²ض˭ѵңҾ˭
ͣƬ̣Цκͣؿɫˮҫ
ҵʹͲңң᲻㾭Ҿʹ³ޣסʪ۾ʥˣˡܿ죬ͻ֪
ϫūңһˡ
СڻԱ߶ŪһֻĽųļ׳棬̧ͷȻ˽֣ȴûп
ŴߵضضҲؿͱ˱˴֪һֽ˭⡣
˵ĿĶɱ
Ŀ͸棬ֱӴ
ߣԺˡ
һһٵ
ǻһңҲϳԭģ
һڴ˿̴ȱ뻨԰ɫֻţʯʱŰҽţԼһӡ
ֽͨһʯǰ˷۴ʮͷӼʮ˷ڸѾսʱ״̬Ͽͣ䣬һ
Σǰһ֮ĸȻǣ¶֮е΢Ц
֪ˣȥաЦ
뿪һƣĿУ¹ĵϡ
һƣʮǰĽ죬вµĺȱ
Ʊ䵽ϣԶ͵شѼʤ֡
壬û˼ƼĺѪ˿źѪɫоʧϫūʹǰһˡҸ߹㣬վñ˭ߣͱ˲ڽ¡Ĵ顣һѱĵܸ˵ʺһʱʴȣҲὫ޼
ݲģȥӣٰüΣҲùУǡ
һۣת򹬵
󵥱ıӰͣƬ̣ӰЩͣŮģӰΧȥһᣬӵǰߡ
ܿ죬ıӰ뻪͢ããҹɫûеڶͣ
ض̨̤ףߵոͣĵطһ̲ĿĵѪһ̲ǴʲôطӿŨѪྻĵϣؿ
Ųض
תӰ
ɫƣ룬һʱֻǳĬؿʲôû˵
ȼžɫ䡣
û˵Ҳ¹
ɵע˫ʹ۾þˣ˫ѣһһնھ
е˼һӭж⡣
ľһ͸¶
ȻĻ˫ȻǳɫΪλϣε۹⣬ؿһ˵
֮ľֻмʮֺܽԶһ޷Խĺ蹵˫ȳأפ㲻ǰ
һҹ紵ڶ˵½ǡ
ϫūɡڣɫݡ


133 
û, ̸ιȥ
ضת뿪
ںϵĿ֮ȥ, ʼûлͷ
ҹ֮ճ, ˵ǻ֮ǰδ֮١
ҽյؽ, ֪˶ؿƿ, ĳص, ˷ٳµĿ־塣
ʮоڴ˷º͵۵Ĵ£ǰΧõˮ©, ۷ǣջ̶̻, ԨȥǺѾ⡣
ڣǵʨè˫ֱɨ, ίؽһ
, ɫһ
ͻΧüԨ˷, Ҵǧܹ㰲ȫ뿪
ٵȵȡ
Ҫʲô
һûпǵĵơ
šüͷҪ𣿡
Ҫضûʱˡʱ뿪Ҳûл֪ࡣ
ĬΣס֡
ʲôȥǰ梵ǹ梵Ķܡµɽ, Ҳȥá
ضؿ˫ȶ۾, ͬս֡
ʮָ໥, 罻, ضзӿĸһȵġ
л㡣
ض΢΢ǰ㣬һӡ촽
ߵ
귴Ϊƽڡ
ȱѣΣҲޱİѣΡ
ҵ󣬻šɿˣ۾һһ٣ҪЩϣʮһ±ӣ±ӣ±ӡ˵ˡӰΣͬġ
ԣлҡѶͷĶͷ֣ڣҲŻڡ
յķű죬һŮ˵
ӯ롣

ӯӯ
ضӯıʯϣԡչԣƤµѪȴͬº䣬̹ǡ
бһʯˮ޺ϣֳһ޵б
бպôͷЩ㣬ˮнղźѪɫס
ؿţֱضĽŲڴ
ûп˵㻹Ǵߡ
ضĬؿʱ˿̣αװû塣
һ޵ѪζǵΨһһˣأȴ˿Ǳױݾ£ţһĳȹ䣬̻**¶
۽ϸƣʹ߷ġ
СʱһԼ⣬˾֮󣬰ͷţҲҡ
ضڣҲǵСʱ¡
ҩʱµġȻ˵˵ⱲΨһһĸ׵ĻᣬҰԭ󣬵ǡ
һתض
̫ˣܲס;档ʱֻСèô޷ʣ޷ۣһһͣһһ˶˵ȥֱ˱մҩָʱҾˣ̥ڷҩҩҵĸгҩƿҩΪһ
һ벻ҩԣҰǬø㣬ҵҩ
ҩʲô
ضµ˴𰸣̲סʳ
ù»֮Ѫ
˭
ôˣȹĵģǱˡ
ҡͷЦ
һ˵ЦȵػصڿտĹԽЦԽ
ܺЦ𣿡ض
ЦôЦմ۾Ŀس·ٵǿɱū澵ĸɱ޵ĶˡͨͽЩ˵ѪЩѪɫâػµ
ΪŻڷַ˺ۺҶţŻڵ֪˸ҡ֪ҵֲԸңӦɱ᲻ɱ㣬ֻҩĨȥ֮ǰļ䣬αװʧˮ
˿Ŵ
Ұ˷һʼȲѣ˳ƶΪñãϫūָԭݰɣкѪֻҪڣͿԵõһĵ޿ǧȡα׼񷣴Ա㳤ʤܣαһ˷Ȼѣ̫Ůִ֮˷һ뷴˷ǰʴ֮Ű̹֮˳
бǰһʺ죬Ԩ￪ǾޱСĳڹз裬񣬱ոӴĿ
ʱ⸴ڼ
һʱڶֻһ˼ٵĺ
ضڣԶ󽫾ɱ𣿡
գնҺ
һߴضǰ̿
Ⱥһʯóȥķ壬ֻҪɾеԼֱܼСϷ̨Ѿã˹ȪδҴأתתһǻصʱ¾㱸ֻǷ硣
ҲԸϷ̨أضڵ
ЦЦ˵ΪʲôԸ

㲻Ը׾ȻΪãα۴һͻֵǽףһٳƵĳһرݵʱǿˣβôʱͲͷ󻼣ǰսҲǰΪӭϫūûвԸɣҪǸλãõһ·
ϫūૣѾһ·ˣֻпׯ㡭ʲôɲԸ
ڳĬʱ·͡
ֱһµ£һġȥɡʱ
ض̤żһתͷ˲֪վ˶õ
ӰƳֱָ졣
Ƭ̣˵
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ض䣬˵ĻҲźΪһ֮ȴһģ
ʱ䲻ˡٴ˵
㵣ĵ飬ᷢ˵Ȳ˷ǣҪˡ֮Уûι֮ţ̩񰲣ͨ˺ͽĹֻͣһӣ㲻ԸһῪͶܽС
ԣ㲻ؽյԼϡ۾ϫūϣһʧְĸף΢һ㲹
һֻΪкѪͳ˵㣬Ϊ㡣˵ӣľʣµľѪԭﱧһѪͳӤ󣬵Ȼ¡
ϫū㡭Ǭƣ֤ݡ
ʱգȪǾ仰ʲô˼
ϣ㡣
Ǭѡֱӷҩ
˵գϣ뿪ҲԽ빬κεطҲʱ򿪳š
ǰ֣ķһöɫơ
ɵĽɫڻдС
һۣļͷžĹ޵

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߰ѡ·˺˷֮ضֻҵѪȷ磬Ǿ֮֮λʷŨīزʵһʡ
Ǿܾ︻ĵԴͻᱻСԳʵ⣬ܽսţ£ġ
һȹ̣ͻὫĿתס
ֻҪһΪۣԨͻжд̣֮һս
ˣڴʱúĻ˾иоԨ֮ȡ׼ܹսپΨһʱ
ʱ½볤õսң̶һὫ˷ķѣѪ˷ܱ߻ŵǿУġԭ˷ϥǵ೯ŷ
ûκ˱
ϫūңһˡ
Ŀ⻹Ŀڶˡ
ñ
ʲôɾܾ
Ϊ˷һУ
±ȣ˵ıʲôԼıʲô
̫˽ˣ˽Լһ˽вԸͶȴʹЧߵĿׯ
ĸס
һΨһһ֡

˷ΧǵʮգѽۣҶддΧǰۼһպ󣬳΢
ޣ˾ʼղǳ֮
˷ڳνлؾǱŲÿһ죬ڴ࣬ʮ˷ԮĽŲҲ͸һЩ
աڳڰͷóڳ֡
ҹضһ󼱴ٵѣɫֵ̿ĹŮ˵òײŴǰ޵Ϣ
źԨڴϿ˹ȥס֡
ϣһȥ˵
Ϊʲô
Ƿһࡣ

ҹɫŨأؽΪڰʱ̣ʧ١
еֻ£Զĵط޾ǵǵѪڡ
ض޵ʱ򣬵ڼžŨѪζƮɢС
һֽ˶һŨѪҴ߹Ŀĺڷ۲ʿȸĵзӿŮŲȣںשһ޵ĺ컨
ϣȫǵѪ
ڴϣֻµؿϡɫ촽ףѩ׵Ѫ߲
ضˣ˼뿴Ц
岻ڣڣȻһĻȻ
Ҳ뿴ɫȥ
ϫūɫ̣ؿ
ضΪȻΪҪ
ȻΪ˸ҩ
·ٵǿɱū澵ĸɱ޵ĶˡͨͽǶΪҩˡΪʲôҪѡһݺˣƵ
ЦΪǸЫĳˣҾĥ뿴
ԭҲôġض˵ֱĲҵһйǬƵ顣

ǬһƾͻһΪڵΪǬƣΪơǬȻͨ󣬵Ʋ˫ض۾һ˿һֻΪȡҩ
͵͵ЦѪ
µЩʲôã
һȥ뽫ʮܵһУֻһ䡮Ыĳĸִ㲻ƽƽңҲƽ
ض
֪ࡣ
࡭񼥷ЦЦƿ
ҪĲԼŽվ˵ϣƽ֮¸ӴۣƬѪȾš
ȷҪ𣿡
Цݣᵽߣȴû˿Ц⣬˸Ҫ
Ժܻʧȥ̫Ů֮λҲҪ𣿡
˵Ŀⶼ޵ضϡ
ſǧ촽֪
Цһض
ʥմ͡
Ⱳڵ£ƿһš
ǺŮϽΪũˡ
꣬Ӷ񹷿о͵ֹʹͣ빬鹫ҡ
֮ͥǰңһƿͥΪ˼Ҿʳɱ/Ů̫Բѡ
Һֹֹһɱ۵ĽʿڵĴѰŲԽԽ
ʱֻһͷǻҲҪùվ
һжֹۣһγԱΪǣһ֣ΪǣһαأΪǡ
ĸȢ˺ӲݰȦ֫һļڱ޺ۣԼĹȥѾľԼ޲źȴΪᡣ
ʤΪΪܡ˷ʷУǸ޵ıԣȴһȤĬʴº͵ľ
ۺֹ߳ȦΪһˣվ䡣
ֹͬãá
ͥ鷿ԲأҲ̫ǿô
ֹĵطĵطֹ
֮ʣֻһͷʮ꣬Ҳ⵽Щֺ
ֹ¹װһһ¹񣬸ʲôԳ
ţֻа侲ʡ
Һ͹ͬͬ˯ͬסֹһУҶָơҪٰܼ򵥡һ⣬ҲĹû˫ɫӣҪôߵЩˣֹ
ܿ졭뵽˽취
ָۣɨˣͣ˸ߴĬԨϡ
ɫ㱣૵
Ϊ˾ĸףڵԼ۾ƿţײײǰ
Ȼ󣬿񻶿ʼˡ
ſӣһʶǴеΪĻӣַŹ
һʿ˵ҿһǸȥҵ飬ҵĶǸҵ
˵»պŻǣܳȥ˵Ըҡ
ҳȥˣҵȵһˣԸҡλƵվԭأָ˫㱵ϣĿţ˺þãþáҵĳ˳ԼٰȥңԸţر
ͣңȥ뱨𣿡
˵
ڷ۵ָһλѪ˿ᣬµ֣촹䡣
˵һ˵ȥȡ
꣬ʮꡣ
֪ĵʹ֪״̬°Ƥʹ֪ΪһѪģĶֱӽɡҩءжʹ𣿡ʧߵԨǰβһ˿
ԨĬ
ػ󣬵һʱѰĸ׵ϢŬʯ󺣡
۶֮ͥҳļңҵѪź˵Ѫҵһдµ֡ǡ֡ұۣŪ۰ŮҲԭԼܡ
ԳֹͶٽ֮ػͥȻ󡭡һ죬һŮÿҵĹţһöӡһӤҡԨ۾գҲգؿ˫ں͸ϵ۾ЦֱʱҲ֪һֱѰˣȻڷ̫ӹУ
𢣬ڣʿƣԭȻ£ĳΪĹǰͺ̵ظȴԼɱˣԼҵĳˣ
ŲҰ׵ӿ˲Ѫɫ
ôǰɱĳɪҹλصʱѵμƵĸʣѵԾĻʺڽĿЩΪ˺ӢңЩ֯ʳĺա𣿡
һĻᶼûС˵һĻᶼûУ
ʱûѳĸʱûΪ˫׶ѳ̫ԾȴԸѳ飡
Ұڰңĥ/弫ޣ񷣾ķʽ㣬ұңɺһ˫Ŀͨ죬ɫȫ񣺡ȻΪΪ񷣾һԱƵΪβУĸױ˺ؼΪãϫūţһκʵۣ㲻ʶôҲòֳ㡣
Ȼɫ³һ̲Ѫ
ѪﲻֹѪϸѪ⡣
԰׵ӱ̬ĳȾڶڻ
һʱǰסҡҡ׹塣
ʮʲôĻ̧ͷѪ˿˫ֱӾĬɽԨܵʹʮ֮һܡ
ǲԸƿԼҡҡλ齣һߣһ߿Ѫߵ£ָѾѪ
ϫūҿ㡣
ضӲ˫ȣȥ
¡

һֻѪָգָļȧǡ
Ŵһ¶ʧ΢Ц
㣬Ҿͻԭģ
ֻմѪḧضۣۣһˮָס
ǻɻңҲϵ㡭ҵŮҰһĽ
ض˵ú󣬰૵
ˣ߰ա
ضŲ˹߰ɡ
ѹԵǰԵƶ񤣬˵ɬסضĺڣ˿˵κλǶǰ˵һ衣
ظ˴
ͷڴϣһԲؿţһ£ת˲ʧ
ض޴š
ԨվûĿⶼϡ
ʼճĬޱ꿪ڣ
Ҽǵãһҩлԡ㱧ңźҵ֡ʱûеڳš㲻Ǻҡ
ȥԺҪǵøתţҲˡ
˶ˣ޵Ȼ
һƯڿУȴ³
Ϊʲôߣ
ȥ
ɳƣҲֹû𣿡
ˡ
ƭֹƭҳףƭҸ㶼𣿡
ס֣
ƭ㡣˵ͥʱҾͼֹһĵģֹԵŮׯţ浾һƳٲ
ˡáЦҲƭңҾͲءٶĻˡ
ķ㲻ضҸеΡ
ԽԽ᣺
бˡ
˯գߡ
ӴⴵĽëȴӴ
Ȱףڽһֻռ𣬹˳ص
ǣأǰյĶӿΡ
ƺƵǰƣǰ
һδƽһ
޾


134 
Ȼ, Ҳ˾
ߵĽĬϡ
ǹʻľȥ, ׽ӲǴһߡ
峺ϴͰյ, ֻϧԶµʯٻƬƽ
Ƕţ˷ǿʯڻ£ڽܹĵع, ƽٶ, 䣬˷ݾͻǳ¥
һ, վż󳼡
, ĩһԣֻȡŵĵо, пɳͻΧϾּ, ĩԸʲս

ѳ֮, Ͻڰ˳䣬þµⰡ

ϣɣ
󳼽, ŽӲ׻ûһ˿
̧ߵĹܹܽ͢⣺
Ϣ𣿡
⹪ش𣺡δ
ϣ̫Ů, ̫ŮҲ°һ󳼼Ͼɣ
һ̾Ϣ
⡪
ūڡ
õиʱ̫Ůǡ
Үš
ϳڣһ׷ƤĴ󳼳һ
ţͶ
ϣδ, ǵսʿṳ̂սαرˣ
ƣ룬˶촽Ҫ˵
ϣ㿴ʲô
һɫ䣬ִָ
ʶָȥ
ϣɫβǰƽ
ڼ׽ֱͦѹѹһƬʿȻɱڡǻһƬɫĺƲɵǰӿȥ
ڴˣš
š
š
˳һ㣬ԽԽ󡣽յŻ
һǣǵǵĿİɣ
ͷڽ
ǵã
һǧ뻮һĺ
˵ˡ¹ȺŽһܴʤ飡
ʿǣء
ɫ缲ۣת˲š
ϣڵ˶Χϣǰ㣬
˳һĺڼۣ۳ߣһ֧ڷΪļߣ˵ĺڼ׽ʿ䣬һռݾѹͷλãһںڳ/ǹһɫꪣһյıһһѣָʹ
ɫ˺Χǵ˵˿衣
תۣڼ׽ͻΧ󣬽Ǽβ𡪡һ٣طɳǿĶŶȥ
ǡҮɫɻ󣺡ϵܲ𣿡
ſۿ졣
֮ҪôǿǵоҮһԣüĵ
ڶŵĵож٣ʡ
ʮ򡣡ͻΧԮȶŵľ˵
һʮĲ࣬ÿ˶һ졣
ѻȸ
ؽȫϺڼ׾жвԣԮȡ

ڼ׾һ·ۣĿ궫˷
ѵõźŵʾ˷ںǹһΪо죬ͣһŽ߳⣬ԶԶųӳĺڼײӡ
ɫУݵȴ߳¶ס
ʿ
ǧ˳ʮ򣬳ʿ벻ڶܡ
£ɵģǸԶ󽫾ϵֹ
ἰ游ɫӱ䣬üһĨɫ
޾Ͳţ뷢֮ǻͨǹ󣡡
ǣھһȣ

ǹ£뷢ա
ؼ䣬һ֧/ǹ߸߾𣬺ӧ졣
һĬס
ǧڼ任ͣɳڿҰѸٷɢ
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ΪһȵǸӰڣڣڣս޲ʤĽԴսҲͬ
ӵ𣺡ʤ
һɢкڼ׾ŭ
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ʤ
겻£սѵ£ʣµЩں۾ŭͷҲصؼۡ
һ˻ߵĴšһε֪˷Ĳӡ
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һһЩ
ڼ׾ķ֮һΪ׵ĻǸڼ׽һɲؿƽʶ
սתűĳ۳ս
ԶǹѾ׼յ˵Ѫ
Ԩɿеϣֵǹֵꪹһ硣
ǹѾǰӿٶȡ

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ֵĺϢоʱȲΣձ߳
ôˣɫ࣬ӰĿ⳯һ˵ǹ᲻ɴݣ޵𣿣
£ǹ󲢷û㣬ֻǡ
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пɬ߳ǰԼǰ߶ȥ
ֻǡڼ׾ڽǰ֪ǹ㣿
ڼ׾֮ǹ쭾ٵǹĹͲڼ۵ǰл֮
ƾٶȺͷƣڼ׾Ѹи
˷ңʯĶͣˣҲԹ˲Ͼ
Ŵ󿪣ӿݣԭõĹƶȻת
ˣ
Ԩһȣ͡
ֻմѪĳɨͼ˷
֮޲ۣѹ֮޲
ڼ׾ǰ룬ɱǧʮоһһ֮أ
׳٣ֻ򽫾
Ѫڣսѽ⣬٣Ӯˣ
Ҵڽʿ׷¶ϲɫۼ˼̤Ϲ;˷֮кȻһӦóսŮ
£
ԨٿȻͷһ˷ڽȺŽ־ףȻŮװḶ̌
뽴ŭǸͽ
Ԩԥнʹı䷽򣬻˷ȥ
ɫ䡣

ǽս죬ҡ
һֻµĽͤʽ¯ð̡
ضѾϴһҹ
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ᣬζŴӽԺҪӵһΪС
ͨϵı·ϣ˷գ˷˷ʵۣŵĵˡ
θ£
֮Ǹ
б䵽԰׵ϣ˶ᡣ

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ǽ̡
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˫ͨ죬ˮ
ôˣض첽ǰ
ĲִڵϣȪ߹󣬹ȥΪȪʣµ˻񾩣Ȼڹ
̴½ͳܵżƽҡ
һǺҪĶҲĽˣº͵ҾͰСУҪһǡֱգŵʵΪң˵оС
ضһˣ
º͵ҪںԮ֮ǰȰ﹥£ʿǿΪ˸ؾջݵĻᣬײ˷ҪͽʿǻسˡҵĴҺһɤӣŻҡ̸и̣
ۼԼ˦ȥضȻɫס֣
涣յͣ¡
ԨضǰߴʱûдϢǱǺϢš
οʹԨվģǽ̣Ŷԡ
ԥʹҪվ
еżŽؿڵ¶ȣĸīٵ۵ıʼ
ϹᣬٵҲΪµ·ʯ
ضޱȥѹеı룬źһֻֽ
㿴ŵʱѾ˰ɡ
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Сʹϻ׿Сʱ͵͵ġҵ֣ʵ֪ʣһӣҪӲһأصжΪĺһη磬һꡣ
Ƿľ֮ŵҪʲôȡȥա
ĶѾȻҡ
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ѡ˷Ů۵ݣʥּŮ֮Ѿǻº͵ȣȺӵѾǻһʱգǻʵ۳ӵº͵ۡ
ԶڽףľֻǧԷ뿪Ϊ˷Ůۡ
ԣս䡣
ԨԴͻΧͻΧ֮󣬴˷ַѣ볤ڵлŮ۾档
Ҫ
ӪӪΪĲгһܴǼ
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һ˳Ƶۣλȴ͵ǰ°
ǧֳܱ
.....................
Ѫ˳Ŷͷ£ԨĿת
սѵһԣǧٿףѪ
һ˻һƬ˷ʬ¶־˷ԶԶΧģԾԾԣȴ˸
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º͵һų/ǹΧȦ䶼Ϊóռ䡣
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Խͺڼ׽УԽľһɲ²⼸֮
кڼ׽ƵĸԽԽˣһңС¶Ǹһϲġδ˵꣬ȱĽź·ӵһϡ
ԭ֪˵ĵط
Ǻڼ׽ȵľһ̣
ۼڼ׽漴˫ȺݺһС
ܣ
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ǹǼ⣬һѪߡ
һϤף׺䶥˽ԭضãֻĿؿŶԷ˷

ô
ӵһһ󣬽Ϊӿ˳
ԨҲ
վڽԱߵŴűԣ¶Ц
˯ͷǾ͹ֲˡԨıѹ̱Ϊˣȡ׼ߣͽǧ


ǧǰȥĿֻһ
ʧȥαװԨǹƥƽԭϣѾǽϵÿ˶ڽغ
찡
찡
󡪡
䣡
¥ϣŵĽŭ
ģǣ
ջۣա
Ԩһ̳ţصźȻգʸ⡣
֮һƥߴڽӵǰ
ɫеº͵ϣҸְ֪ɱ游ʹҴ˷ʹʧһ⽮˳𲻹죬գҾҪΪʺ游ոı֮˵׼죬ο֮飡
ı֮ˣ𣿡
һϤŮڳ¥֮ϡ
ļ󳼼¥ĽɫӰ׷״ʧɫֻͨۿлᡣ
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ˣʵگԻ
ѽ֮꣬λʮһ꣬Сľδиκǣڤ̫Ӳƣ޶ľֻ֧ߡ֮ɱ֮Ҳ
ʾԨ汸ıܿ˳дͳż޵ǻʵλ֮ŮʵΪŮйǲλջʵ⣬š
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º͵ҧһȫı𣿡
һɫأӦ֤ʥּ٣ܡ
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ɱĲǲԮһ۳ԭҰеĺ
ĺų˷ΧȦСԭΧǵı˱ΧһֻЩĹ
Ӱÿһ֣ǵʿʧȥһ֡
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º͵̧ͷ׺ݵĿֱָضһ֮ջߣŭ𣺡
˷ľѾɢˣº͵һ£еĽеȴǲʿ
ǰʥּѹкţ˷򵹣˷º͵۵Ĵͷȥ
¡¡Ƕֿˡ
װԨٴγ˳ţ󣬸ǧÿ˶õ˾ףý
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󳼡
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꣬ꡪ


135 
, գֽա
ǰԸ, ɥһӦӼ±̾, 뿪ʱʮ̧ףʮ˶ѡ
̧ʱ, ССĶѾһ
µԷǰ, ֵ˸߾ֽľŵĳ¹Ѹеش, ¥˵˽ղ˵, ţ, ࣬顣
иƽƽİ, ڼֽǮ, ˻֦һ·׷, ףԸա
İ׷ɽ꣬һТ̫Ů˷һQĿ졣
պ, ջûʧȥıʹг̫ŮҪ뿪ˡ
֮Уضϵ˴
Ὣ
ȥμ»ʵǻ, ·;ңԶҪչ˺Լйճס͸󣬴˼Լǡڴ˷꣬Ȼͬ»СĽ֪ͷ޸Ȼоϲ֮Ҫ죬мǣʼա
ǣסˡ
ȥ֮󣬿ɣ
ضĬ
һ˫ӣһʣ˭޷ܡ
֣㿴ܲܰﵽ㡣⡪
ūڡ
ȥѷɨصĹ˽

󣬽һɫнŮ߽ҡ
Ůͺ£˫ۺͳƽüǣһȻҶü
ضһֺ֮
꣬ɵµĲӤϣҽŮӤȥ䣬һͨĲ̣˽ԽڹУȡˣΪľгһաһػ졣

Ȼ£ǰĽҲΪĽںδԶǿĺܡ
˭֪ǰδһμ治֪¡
ض뿪ʱõĻպռݰƬգ̫ŮĶȻӹŵš
ӳ̽ͷȻܿж
ǿ̶ʱᣬڶ
һֻ뻳Уı

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˺꣬ӿ
λĴһ󣬱ΪˣĽ
ȻԲ֪٣Ȼʵȴص˹͢ӣʳΪڹ֮ףͻ̲֮š
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ǰ֪֮ӳɴΣڹ⸴׵ж׹Ʒ֪ͽ׶˾һ𣬹׾
ϵİȪ񾩣йļΪһεľ׸Լ˷Ķѧʿ
̻ض̴ͣ񾩸ۿڣһɫƤūԼһŹֵ߲ˣһΪ
ʡȫѧƹ㣬ǳ»ѧıѧĿ
ѧҵƼĿÿҵᱻ˷иҵӻѧѧӣϣ̻ܣÿһе̳ǵӰ
ѧԭ֮𣬽鲼˷ÿݸ
µһ껪ѧѧӵĴǰ̧ͷͦصŮѧĶŮҲһԱ
ʯڻ԰Уϰһʻ
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ڸ׸شʱͳɳһ¿ӭĻ俪ƬˮжƮĻ㡣
ŵ»ʰˮ̨ɫ½󳨣¶һƬ̺۵ľ׳ţˮ΢羭̨ĴƮ衣
һԣһ˾룬ѷһ롣
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˷ǿӭһǿӲĻʵۡ
οʱԽ
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һϲŭѱ棬ϲ⣬ֻٴ
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ĳ첻СһͬӣŻѡ㣬񲻿ѡ㣬ɽӾҪƮ㣬Ҫ㵹գҪٳ¡
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Ԩ߳巹ԵڱĶ
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ڱ׼Լƨλú󣬶һ
ڻʼǽǵʿķƽ


136 
, ضƽ㱨طӵļٵ¼
ƽмȻ, һ̣ôһ, Ʒľָʹ׾ŽĹλߡ
Գȵ۵Ǳµڶϳ, ˷绹ǰƽͷ, ɳơ
˷ȷضﰴɸδã
ð壬Ǵ󲻾֮, Ӧ塣
̾˿»ʵǻ, ˴ץͰɡмٽȵ֮Ӫһ֮˽ģ
Сƽƽʿ, ðȵۣԳＯ·ѡɽΪ, ƭȡƽǧ, ˽Ů
о𣿡
޸ĸĹ¶
ǾˡضͷһѲ, °նðǸʲô³ƭȢŮԣܺ, ͷǹҰɡ

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ضЦñΪӴ
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ôһأضʡ
¿ͷָʹһѣڵøūһûˢЬ׶һؾڱūô׷ϱµķëѽū׷˺ֻûŸˡ
ضЦ㻹ƶ죬ʲôʱͷƽһˣһѱ¸ߵġ
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