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ӻػһΪӣѡ빬̫Ӱ
̫Ӵ꣬ϲʶȤȰĴ档
ӻ翴ǰλŲʮС̫ӣһʱԣʮͳһݵѪֶκɱ¾

ӻ粻ϲѪȣҲûҪ׼δʵǰˢ֣ھǹƽӡ
ԽԽڣʮ꣬ضڲסһĺӡ
Ϊסݣַ̫ʳƲӴԺ󣬸Žգٳš
δ̫ӾԼҹǽܵǸ
ȵ̫һҹ󲻼ǵԼʲôֻԼſϣϵѪ۵
ӻƺĲ̫ãŶ£԰üӣΪ˶ҳ澣
ְֺ̫ף鲻ԸͷǸ
ӻһ谮ӣǳ˴£ҲҪ
̫Ӳں˵ıҵģôʲô
ӻյĵһ㣨jianԻûĳƨ̫ӡ
Ķָϣ1v1˫ģһ
wb⾵Ƭ
μӿƼ˹ɣŮͨȵ˵սͱʵǿӪҺ  ݱǩ͢ ж ֮ 
ؼ֣ǣӻ磬
һ仰飺ˣ֪



1  1 
紵֦込ɿݵĻҶ׷ɵĿҶ裬ڸɾʯءջظƽĴæŮСȥҴææ
һŮ첽ȣůͭ¯Сܵ⡣
ĺǰͷʯʨԾ̽ƽ֣ͭŭĿλׯ£ľơ
Ůܳǰߵӻ縣񣬳ӣϷ˲ūǰͶ˵䣬Щʱ䣬
ӻͷŮһֽ̧ۣӹůͭ¯ڻУϷˡ
һ续ˣмӣŮ˺졣ϷǸɥɥӵ֣ҽһֱźӻ磬ʸоϷˡ
źСƽһֱԶûӰСڵصòִ٣ʹţӲȻȥϢ
ӻڵ磬΢΢ҡҡͷû˵¡
ս񽫾֮ǰսպգƽ߽ͺλʮǰսɳʬ޴棬ϥֻһӣ̳Ӽ֮λ
ƽ󣬳ÿȥɽʮ³߹飬ˡ
ڱһ£ûԤϵڶæ
ӻ롪ûԼԸϢ˳С
ǻʵָ̫Ӱ̫ߴ˽ʮ꣬ÿ춼һ𡣵ȣҪزסΪպӣţ̫ìܣغûֶƷɼսŲٳš
ӭı¶ͷ֣עĿĳ׹ζգεⷽףǶͭԹɫһˣᵶ¡
ӻ̨̾ס
Բͣ£أŮƿᣣ¶˵ݡ
ǻʵãսƽķޣʮ̴档
µĽŵڽ˫֦ƣݹһֲ췢ƣ롣
ڵСŮأӭظ£ɫͷ䡣
ӻȥ֣Աƾӣһԡ
խƣڵ磬ڵĸ׳;棬ۣ˱ʳ
ϸ󣬾ֱڵҪ㡣
ϸ¶ȱӻһ٣ͷӦ
СͳԸֲӵĶȲӣҪѰŮҪһЩûȫҲꡣ
ӻùصżǰͥûֽţ£˵ۡ
Ӧ£ûϡ
ƽǰסںһֱס¥СкˮƼɽɪƬҶˮУһԶȥˮ
ǰ죬һ̴ľǶסߣľΧ޺֦
Ů裬ɫɱв磬Ƣڶϵ뵡
ϣź澶ȥ
ӻȿʣĸҪʲô
̧ͷһǰϣԺ߳ȥ
ӻ˶٣̫㣬ʮߡ
Ȼʺ겻ϣ̫ΪȻʺ
ڻأҪͦǰ¡̲ͬ鸮κһ֣̫ҲȥַһԼ͵ܹͺá
ЩСϹӻ磬ӻŮܣüʣʲô
ӻûлţë΢ڻǼ£ͻȻЦһϺȣڵſһʱһҺԺʲôû
ƽʱͺܻ˵Цⲻ٣º󣬲ŵͷ˱ã㲻Ҫ֡
ãӻܰĸңҪȥԣܲˡ
ü˵̰ˣ֣ɴ
ӻϸָ˰ף𱭲裬ͷɤӣˣǸġ
պһǳеһ仰¡
㿪ڲ⣬һɸŻ֮ٿ䣬ӻ洽ȺüסԼʧ̬
ոʱܺˣϵĲĵ㲻±ӱͲãԺעЩ
ӻЩòۣйǵһ˸λĴԣǺӣû˸Ҵʴʡ
ӻ磬ûʧ
ӻθŶģ֣ϸҩҡǸεĴĸ۳Ͷ٣Ҳţ⼸µ˱͹ġ

ҹɫ̨ͤ¥ߵʹ䣬שߣȳֱ
ӻһԼԺӣסĵطƧԺΪɭϣ
Ժֻ˼ŮСˣסԶԶӻһǰ߸ʵɵŮ
ɿʯشɨɾС˱һѽУȫǲӵϡҩġ
Ϸ˴ع¡
ӷף˫սվԺǰȺ۽ƺüӻɿæֱӻֵ̧
ӻֱվԭأڵϷˣĸ״ӶɽһЩҩȥҩš
Ϸ˼סֻʣӿвã
ЩǰķӰҩ
ǷֹµģǰķӦܴ󣬴󵽻ûµ顣
ӻһ£ֻͷԳŮ˵ͬĸ˵ֻǽתδע⡣
ŮӦǣȥ
ӻ̧££磬ֱ߻ȥϷ˸Ժڵ˳μհףϵòʤŮӣȻ
ǰӻҲַҲΪϵ˾ȴ˽ɫݺһ£ײɽʯֱۡ
֪ԼᵽһʱͲΪպƽЦҧԭ
δʮĶУûܳҲǰȫģӣͱúܼ򵥡
Ƥ񣬸ûϷֻǸ⣬һΪĶġ
ӻ޻˵Ҳû߳˵ٶҲûá
ڵ鷳һ
У̫ӵĺӡ
лҪ˵ûϱˣֻǲϲ˿Ů  1v1˫ģһ񣬹Ѫģ֪ŮŮģ֤ո˽ڶ࣬˽ڶ࣬ϵУܿʷ𿼾ݣ𿼾  ģϲҪ
İǸûУҪǲϲȡأǸorz
ĺֶβŰ棩һ񣬲ϲҪ  ֱռǿ֪vsŮװ¶Ĵ  ǰһܿģӪҺ



2  2 
ڶ磬̫˵ĳͣſڣߴ׹Һ󣬴ྲ
ӻϷͬ˵һ֮š
һûС̫æСܵǰӣ䣬ɡ
ķ⣬ӻ΢΢ףбůͭ¯סӡΪƿᣣӻߣĽԲ
һԲĺͻȻ׽ӻ̧ͷĿͷɢ㵨󣬾ҵȡ
ӻ綯΢٣ɫȴûб仯ӹعСһԡݹľ̺ʵ̺Ͻǻ˴̺ӣĵķʹϻܡ
ϵӷŻصУصҲû˵
ڲˣ볯ϳ£ҵҲûͣ
˵ƽղͦ𣿡
˶٣˵Ӳ̫û̫ע⡣
̴ľڣ˫Ժ󣬳ֱ˳Ʒŵϣһ۵ͷһֲԸҽĻһ¡
ӻ˶ůͭ¯ϣ΢΢ҡͷڴҽҲǹҽŮû
⣬ýڵĴѾһѣϵֻм
м̻ʺڣ̺Ȼʺã˭֪λʺĲϲҽҲš
һֱóͿӻޱ
ӻû˵ʲôʱ泤̫̽󣬱ʵָΪƽݣǴ󼻳Ϊ˶֮أպӻ̳Уʵʲô˼˶֪
ʥΥǳҲֻ΢ɫû˵ġ
ԴԺӻһֱߡ
붫Ƕ˵ĹϵһӣԲ෬ð
ǶˣֻҵĻѹѹ˵Ļ
Ὺʼתӻüģֻ̫صĸղŻصĸԼҳʵڲ̫ס
⼸첻Ƕڷô𣿷㣬ֺαǷ治֪˿|ʲôݸӻһ
ӻû뷴õ´ʤ࣬ԱŮӲҿԼۡұȲϵ£ѡҲ˶Ρ
ǰλС㳤òھҲټòŮûȤԾǵһ˵ĳƺȴΪͣľ˾͸Ӣۡ
ϧǹϲӻһӻûôעûֱ˰¡
㶢ȷ֣ΪŮ
ӻпһ֮⣬̫ӵ¼ȴӦỪǱ㲻ɷڡ
ĵϢ仰˵ı飬պȥĸֱ߱ǣҾ㣬һССŮûȤͳҶû˼顣
ӻҡͷί˵Щ̼ƽó裬Ҳܡ
ҪĶڣʲôǣˣҪھǣֻ·һ
ҷǹ⣬ȣջأ𣬡ڶû޵ѾȫʬɢҲ̫Ը⣬ǿҲϣܲʡģҹҹ̿͡
ӻ˶٣̸ܹ书˵ãס㡣
ѩױϵĵѪһ˱˵ĴǸʵ
Ů֪׷ʲôϡͿǿûҪΪ
ƺҲԼһõĻͷӲ˯㴲ϣҲǾͷ˯һҪԼô£˵ζ
£ƺ뵽ʲôɫе㲻̫ãûټ˵
ӻ΢΢ɿƽձƲŮ߰Ը˽ǵһΣˡ
˵Щκ˵ʲôת˻⣬һֱòΪ˵ģȣ|µңƫң˿»ƽòʧ
κʮұۣȶд󳼣һ˿ᣬպԲܾܵƫĲ󲻾
д˵Ǵȥɢģǰ¡
ӻ̧ͷɻʣ̫ĹΣ㶼ˣҪǰϿôͻȻȥ
㵹ǺѧȻˡǰҸ⣬üʱֵңΪͨȨ䣬Ϊ֪ˣз񡯣ô˵|֮ʱޣţƴӣΥߣɱһӰ٣Ĭã١ʱ䲻֪࣬ôҿɶ׼ϡ
ӻ˶٣ľشӡ
˼ôѺĹϵˣֲ̫

ɪ䣬ߴͩд̣Ͽݲݸľޡ
ӪǰһƬյأ־ܡ
һͣȺӻ
̧ͷɨܣȿԶӪԵʱüͷ΢΢
ͬ죬Ķšˣǵֵ״ԪɣһȺū̧ŶƺҲǸյûá
ûҲûߣ˳ϣȴϥʣʲô
ӻü΢΢۾עǰֻʵ״ԪƺߵЩûвˣ
䣬§סĲӣһӻûüӦ˼ů¯ڵϣһ졣
ĵң
ӻ类ıӵס΢΢ͷ֣֣˵ġ
ಡټ̫|Ƥ𪾫£ͷʱһ˫Ưϵҩζ嵭ǸɣȴֱŮӻҪ¼֡
˻ᣬֹĻɿ˵ǰȥֵʱȹ״ԪһΣһù
ӻ΢΢ſڣ˻󣬵׻ûĵ׻˵Ҫߴ࣬׳µѾЩӵӲʣδĻʵۣմѪɵӡ
ԱߵС̫ڵϵĶϣӻӹů¯ֻǵɢҲطҲ
˵࣬ڴһֱ壬Ȼλ״ԪԺıԻѲ˼
ûһͬ򣬡ڼҴȤֲ¡
ӻüʣҪʲô
ͻȻֱֱ̧֣ͦۼ尵ߣצһ̫ӵ緶
ǰһעԼݡ
ߵ־ɽǮӭӡ
Ǯۼףȭ̫ӵ£ӣѱϢӪʡ
ڹרϰ֮أطҲϰ֮˵ƽձɭϣܽĶӵйء
ףڴԼ˱ԣǮѲؿ쳣
Ǯأɽ޳ûԼʱӱģְѼǿ̫Ӱ졣
ӻһ԰̸̧ʹĲӣ벱ӿ϶ճۡ
ܴˣʱûʲôִ硣
ͷһۣӻҡͷʾԼû¡
Ҳûٶ˵Ǯиˡ
һˣӱŮԹҸû
ӻεû¡
ȥӪʣŲͻȻһ٣Լڿ̧ͷʱǡӵײϡ
üʸЦų˵ͷ
ӻ绹ûһֻ־ס۾ҿġ
ߴӰסǰ⣬ӻҲ֪ϲŭ˵ôӦⳡԣ˭֪ûӮ¡
컬ֻ֪࣬Ӯʲô֣ٱҷ͵Ұڳ
лҪ˵ģ1v1˫ûʲôϷŮ䣬ǸѾˣżһҲϲŮӶ࣬ϾŮԸϲϲã𿼾  ϵУ1/1
㶨Ŀʱ䣺0



3  3 
ӻĻϰΪ˵ĺɫˣȥ
սʱӲãСֲ԰ףʹͨʫ飬ʱףʲôҲ¶ûǸ
Ҳ
رһȥӻСʹӪʸ³ȥȲӰڣüͷһ壬С̫ࡣ
ؿݲݴľͣӻ糤ֱ˿סϸ֥
һ
òһֱܳӨУʤŮࡣ
Ǻӣû̫ӻţͽĳ˵H¡
ӻˣ̧ͷһۺַԸǰС̫࣬ӦС뿪
˹¡
˲㣬ء
شһ°ɫխۣѥë΢΢սͣ£ӻ£һ䡣
ܶǴۼ׵ܣӻ̧ͷͬ뺬Ц۾ϣصȻ
аѱϣйţܲ˵ȥһ¡
΢󾱣ЦЦ£޳ָ߬뿪ƺֻһǰԲıˡβ˦ݵҳ
ӻ籧ů¯Ӱ뿪ü
رС£ĸǷ䲻ó裬Ϊʵ۵ʵ۶ȫתƵϡ
С̫ԶСܻµҩң˵ӣˣղ͹
ӻջߣֽ̧ӹģҩҵѩմʣ̫ʲôʱԼӣ
С̫ãȻص̫Լģڱǰ𡣡
ӻһ¡
Զϰվտ˾޾䣬óؽ뻯ֲɵӣαȡ裿
ӻɻŽͷ˵֪ˡ
ش±ºͣͬͷӦ£ԼòŹ̫ࡣ
С̫ͷˮûҶʣ߽ЩСͬūŶżͬ죬ľӣ²ϲӡ
Ǵ˶֪ƽ̫ӹϵãƽӰ룬Ѱ˲̽鹬й٣һ֪ƽںδҲܲµ̫ġ
ẕ֪́öࡣ
̫СƢΪֿѣ˽ãʱ˭ǣԼҲܱ⡣
ӻҩҷ뻳УҲ˽Ƣͷлѣû˵Ļֻ̫ûкߵ¡
С̫ͷЩ˼
ӻܣϲû£ΪעĶ
ǰ󾱵㣬šü˵ʿѬԡȴ᲻ûţʱʵڿۣؽ䣬ֶ̧
ӻΪݣڴûѬ㡣
ϰϰ£ס磬ͻȻ΢ӻ綯һ٣һ˿ΣյϢûüһ֧ͻȻƳյİֱֱԱСֱ̫ۣ¼Ѫ
С̫ˤڵأϸ̶ָѪӻʶͷһۣ¡
װüӢ˲󱳺ùʮ꣬ȴһǿӲ
ӻü¿ֱ̫Ѫƣû˼ǣ˿̧ͷ˵ؽֹüͬˣӺЩ˵޹
˶ó̫һͣȴֵʧ
̹ȻǱˡ
ӻȻһۣû뵽ϴôɴࡣС̫࣬վ˹ȥˣ̫ҽϣ˵ȥ̽ˡ
Ժʷ֪ٲڳϲһκָҲҪһ䶼Ĵ
ֲǴ£֪ΪԼѣ|ǰŵˣ
ӻմֱ̫۵Ѫθﲻ̫סʾ䣺ôͻȻҪһС̫ࣿ
һСģͷ׼˲㡣
ӻûûסѪζظŻ˺󼸲Զ
üֱ߬գʣôˣ㻹𣿡
ϴֵ¶˲ѣһӻ翴ǣ˳ƥʱˣҪš
治СӻͷۣҲ˵˲С
ֱüԽԽôˡֲ֧׼ģαų
ǰֲûô£ﲻҪҪ̫ҽ
û˯ã磬е㲻ӦӻϢû¡
ûѸղŵ·ϣ̲ס߽Ҳ㣬ֻҾȰ´˼̫࣬˾ûҲõϢ
ӻٻһ£Ҳı䲻ʲôʱһԹۣʱĵʱҪóдġ
⻬СģˣȥӪϢȥء
ӻͷۣȻûȥ
ǣָԾһ£ϲ

ӻ˵ľϲûʲôڴϴ˵ľϲֱӰסʲˣִ󷽽Ӫʷһʾǹϵáٲǧл˵ȶ裬ӻֻں֡
ϴȥѪȥҽ̽С̫ࡣ
С̫Ƕ֣ܹź˵ģ֪Լ̫ӣӻϻ̳Ͽ֡
ɪɪڵϣɫǰ׵ģҽڰѪζڱǼ⣬Ũޱȡ
ӻűͷΣַסԱָ߰΢΢ס
ѣٴθеǲá
ӻԸ̫ЪЩʱգûþͻӪʡ
˳ĶΪӻ粻׽סѱͬϲ㣬Ҳ϶ƽһʵӻǿһپ٣һ
θ﷭̫Ӫʱ³Ա߹澶ŵҪȥ̫ҽֱ̧¡
ӻû£̫Ӹǰ˵ź˶ȥ
澻л˵ȴҲ֪ӣԥ֮˳ȥ
Ӫڵָ޺ñǣĽǻڴ辰һ̿ͭϺľ̼ɢ⡣
ӻЩ޺ߣ¡ЩѾת٣ȥҲ̥࣬Ĳôҽεġ
µס磬ؿڣغܽԴЩ
ӻʱȲҩǺתЩǰѩҲòΡΡסϷٳţٻܷһЩ
ĳƢӻҲΪԼ
ֶιϣ˿ԥ˦ӵĻᡣʱֶ|ң²ƽǻʵۺѵ鷳
͵ǸûΪҲûʲô·ߡ
϶УԵ޹Զ˲졣
лҪ˵Ϊӽתɿ⣬뵽Ůʱһá
û֪Ůݣ
Ѿûˣûˣ
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4  4 
δʱ̣̿ϴչϣӻ˯һӻͣӻǲʡ
ͷɢ֮⣬˳ָָۣⷺԲɾ
ӻ֣ƽ̹Сȥڻľϵ硣
ӪģɾڷҲڵϲķղѲ߶죬ƥ˻УʱҲû
ӻ̧ϵϵ⿴һۣƵ̿ͣ־Ӷһ
ʽ΢Ұ֣뢣Ƭ̵İˮı
ûǴĻ߽꣬ᴫظ漱ܱͻ֮йռʮǳأŰɱ|ɱ޴գš
Ӻ֣Ψ֪İڵͷݴʷԳذǳغս뽩̬֮
յ⳷ͻмƣʹʧǧʿ˶˰󼻳ȫء
ݴʷЯӸ칦磬д̿Դɱ֣òףֱ౻ˡΪǣչԴʷӣ˽ӹݣһȢʷΪƽޣ˳С
˻ˮԴ֮أشвƽ̹ԭСֵĳν֮ļ꣬û̫ƽ
в֮ġ
ӻ̾ʱ仹ڸõĵġ
̥Ǻ£вͻΣ壬Ϸ˱ųСҩΨ˼࣬ӻ಻Ų屻˷֡
ΪܹŮҪ·㣬ԼкӼ̳кڣҲġ
żҵѾã̻ʺ󶼲̫
ӻ粻ģӹߣñŮ䲻֮µĹ澸ǵͼûŮˣ㷢ֹҲûݡ
㲻ϲƭˣƭ
ӻûɵ¶ûЩؾ˼룬һݵϣʲô
ͷְůͭ¯Сϣ߳š
ߴƥǣţɽֵĿ֦ҶӲʵĵϣһ̺ȥᷢž
ӻ翴ϵֻмֻȵĺ꣬˼֫СԴʹ£ԱأһûӮпһ£оҪ¡
غˤһȳһպ㹰ֶЦƺں˵ã񲢲ôԼˣ뿪
ӻ粻֪ʲôǰȥ㣬ź̫ػȥˣӻ˸棬ûʱģҾ񣺡¡
ض㣬ְȣһ°մҡͷӹ̫ӳ谮
ӻ̧ͷȴû˵̫뿪
ӻ΢΢ˡˤѲ˸ϵ
ڰŪǼֻ꣬üѿɫһ𣬶ͷɹıӻ߽óݸʣˣ
ӹӣȥϵĺЦǮ̫ˣǰվͬ˵޺ۼһΪдû˰죬ֻǼֻҰֻ꣬ӹĹģܶܲ죬˷ʱ䡣
ӻ࿴һ˵ֺֻ꣬ƽդΧޣС꣬飬ʵڲҪ̫ҽμˣѰʱշˣǻơ
ʱҪĺꣿԶԲˣѽУƤûҵԺѰ㡣
ϲСӡ
ӻ΢սüۼȷʵû˵գҲµҪľϲʲô
ȱöϡҲ٣ȱһŻƤҲӶࡣ
ӻվǰһ䣺㲻˵ͬб𣿡
ںһûʲôҪô˵ţ
ûںӮΪʤߣȴûϣҲӡ
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ۣͷ˼ұȲ
ӻҡͷߴվǰҪȰͷȳƣϸӱסҲ꿡
ֻǰʱЩţ֤һ۾Ƴһӣ԰׹ֺÿߣѾ˱ýڼұ绵ӡ߰ɣվŴ磬˰ӣǺȥԡ
߹ͦ|Ρӻת̧£ס½ü
ûΪº

ӻʵô㷢ƢҪϵ̫⣬෢ҲûҪˡ
ôã
ҪǳǸٲҪԼķʽڣܻͳȥŮѰؾǣŮ浣¹֮ԻĿҪŮָ˴ǰϵ
硣
ݣ·
ϲӸԴӻ粻մѪҲ뱻˿Լ¶ˡ
˼ãھйʱûôע⣬㱻һӣײ¶ӣˤŰˣֱ۱Թ·֡
ӻԼߴʮ꣬ʵڲס
ڻȥ·ϣ룬ֱӿڵʶʮ꣬˽ӣ֪ǱȲ|еλֻҪ㲻ңҾ͸˼ˣרźҿġ
ӻ棬÷ߡԵϲԶԶʤˣеʤ
̧ͷܱȵ|ңȷϻ˵Ҳ֪ҪʲôҲֲ
ͻȻһ£ӻûȣʵϣۼֿ죬м߷ȴǲ㻮Ĳ
һ󣬳ͻȻͣ׹ŵҡһ£ӻı¼Ƣ򣺡ô£
ƽµŭ⣬æ𣬡ǽճһͻȻԱðڵϣѾ¡
Ĵֻӻ쳣ֳ̺ԶһЩ
̧ƴһǣ⿴ĵ·ʮõ˿޿䣬õסͷʲô·
ߵ书ǿ٣ڿسǣʱɱܡ
עر深٣ǵһױһףֵطҲ̫©
û˵°ʹսЩӻӽ˽ְ̧ס򣬲Ҷ⣬ûҲĺȡ
˰׾ϸѪߣϸ
ӻ米΢΢󿿣ڼϣҡͷ˵û¡
ɿ֣˵ѹȥʡ
ͷӦǡ
ӻָ̧ŲӣԸղŵȶȣʣһôƫƫ㣿
û㣬Ǯ˾£˾ߣض˵ĻָʹҲΪ档
֪òܵϿʲô飬ѸղŶļŻؼӲڣڼҺúҾͲȥˡؼҶЩϸʲôȡ
лҪ˵ʱӪҺ
ҵķȽܺǲµĲһдʲôǾͿʲô  ҵԤģشء
һϣʥõȥԷͻ˳ͬ˵һĻ¡꣬ͤб꣬ǡ鸮˺ʮŮҲڣλСֻ飬ʥϲ
õ̧ͷʥ¶͵Ŀ⡣
Ƚ˻ʼұԷӲԼӣתʱٿһһš
ԶĴ󽫾ΣеĲ豭̧ͷһ˵ĵ̡
ҧס촽ؾ졣õŴ󽫾߽Ʋͷᱧ߽ݡ
ҹ磬ΪŮʥң͵дʱ˼Ҵܽ󽫾߽ݱ
ʥϴϲʹԶȥ߽ӭ󽫾ؾ



5  5 
ӻԣһֻͨͨɢ˯һʲôЩԵֲӡ
ؼ䵽׷ʲôҲֻǲ¸ţûϸʡ鷳ȻصʱѾҪˡ
ǰֻӢΰʯʨڻҰ֮£Ƥ͸ĹҡΣɭ¡
ӻӺĳһ֬壬֡
̨״ɨɸɾһǳԲ¹ϣ¹ࡣòͳɫˮ¹ữӣֶɫϸü
ӻղҪʱֽԼ壬ŹǷֱš
Ķ۾˶ϵó
ľ̫ǸҪġҲ֪Ƣԣֱ˻ȥֻš
ǰǣߴƥضµҡΣӰӻŽ
СƽŵȺڴǰǴС͸ӻźģС£͸Ͻӣ˵ֱȥãسˡ
ӻǰڹͬ㣬±¶Լÿ׼ʱظõ顣ǳˣҪ
ʮһιһΣ˯죬Ҳû˯Դ˺Ҳû
ӻŻУḧϵ⣬ʣôˣ
ӻǱһЩ˿ڲ󣬵ղŻǸҩĺܴôעҲСӲо⡣
ִ֣ķ˽һ˸аݼ֣СòĻ£뽻˵֣ʮֿƽûӦ˵ȫ뷨С֣ƺû
ҹɫܣӻͣ½Ųʵ֣
ƽæͷ֣
ִ֣ʮģ˸Ǵ˾֣ʵĴӣ̰ýŮӣʱŮɣƷȱӹܣƾ˾ӵݣƾ־ְִ
ӻԾȣȥ˵˾λȨأƫӣ̫һɶԵ޹ʣ֣ôԶ|һӣ
ӻֺܰףھ룬ֻ˵֪ˡ
ʯƽ·ҶɢƽŵץͷӶźӻСˣƽվǸưͲ˵в£һ֪
ӻ֣һ䣺ʲô£
ƽǸﲻסģſھ˵ӣСĽСҲǲС֣˵ģ֣ƫýСŮӣǶ֪˭ƼԼҲųŮλ֣֣С˵ĵ֣˳谮һͬͬס֣꣬û⴫˵ˣĻǸŮӣ
֣һܣСʮ꣬ھְϥŮһԶݣһʮˣͽ֣壬ʮŴׯӽӻ᲻ޣһֱڸС
ӻ£תͷڣ鳯͢٣Ժ󴫳ȥҲס
ǵˮܻǣ˽Σ˶֪ʲôһһ
ƽҡͷ֤Լûͱ˵
ǮˣСʹ룬Ҫٵ˵꼰ӻҪߵʱֶ˲ӣó彻øϷˣҪĸ׷֡
ϲֶ
ƽʵˣϵĵζ̧ϽųĺӹŽлأС֪

ִ֮ӻ֮λΪˣȻ翼ǹ¡
̫˻ɣŵԸӲʣС˼ȥ˵ȫӻԼ뷨ǿ
ڳƫԺǳǰϵķͭƲ֦·̨Ϻ谵᣹𣬵Ÿɾ
ӻϺֶݣȼ|¯׾ӳգϸüޡòΣһ
վԱߣһ⻬飬ӻ羫²ڵƽӦͬ˵ˡ
ӻͷ˵ˡ
ҳͣҲ󣬡ǰΪ㱸ˮԡ
ӻһ٣ĸ׷ġ
֣˵֣꣬΢ӲԵÿӣһͬݣ䲻£Ҳ֪˾ҳʲô֣ϵûôͻȻã֣춯
ӻԣӼԵ׷涫Ҳı䲻ˣ̫Ӳ֣ҵ˼޽Ӽң˵ŮҪǱܣ³ˣ˾Ӧ˽ԺӦĸײöǡ
ʵֵ׳ֶ꣬ΣҲ۵ôӿҲû˻ᵱңʦֻǧ
֣Ǵ˾ճӣСǾǵ竣ʮ࿪ʼλȨ޷죬ǿŮǰǹ̫ӣ̫ӵϷ漸죬Դ˼βͣꡣ
ǰʱעزסľޡʱӻ绹һΣǰӡ
ӻ粻ԼС̫ӣҲԵʡ
ݿ󣬱а˸ߵ̴ľԡͰǶΧס̴ɫ¡
ӻůӵļɴŮÿɴ֣ͭ|оȥֻź
аף߽磬ȥ¡
ǳĸüĿֽӻ糤ӻһԣᣬҲÿ죬Ĩذǰװ׵ճۣžۼˡ
ӿۻˣ϶һƬ죬˯̫·۽⿪أиģδֳЩ
ӻͷ˿ٰ㣬ϸ磬סؿڵı|ϸü񻭳㣬üĿ京Ůӷ飬ҡͷ͵ˣպЩ
ǹˣ֪ӻܳҪٹ꣬Ͳزסˡ
ںľԲԣˮˮ壣нһ
²豭
ִƳһˣͬҡͷ
ľƼܵĵƹʣԡͰˮ뵣ź˫ſԡͰߣưFľͰߡ
ӻָᲦŪƽˮ棬֪ʲô
Ѿʮ꣬Ҳ㵽˷ȶ͡
֪ϵܣһֱСĽ㣬֪£˽̽Ρ
ѪյӲˣŮܹⷽҪԿЩ£ܻºۼ
Щ»ᷢ쳣ںۼѾɢˣΨµһ֤ݣڻӻ
ļһӻ̧ͷ
ִ磬վһԣʣԹĸף
ӻëµˮɵôԹĸף
̾״ĸ׻ҪأҲӲ̫½ԣҲֹһһ䣬Ůб𣬲Ҫ̫ܡ
̫ʱǣҹӦ;ƣûܶ˼ӻΣĸײõġ
֪ʮ㣬ܲԲӼһ壬ĵҲͲżһ塣
һӻͬ˵¡
лҪ˵賿и



6  6 
ӻھǺܳ˶ǡɫ˲٣ŮУ˾֣һ
ƽߣӻǺӣ̫໤Ҳ˭ǵġ
̨·һ๴˷֣֣ǳ֮һ֣ҵĵ̣δŮӶһˡ
ǽڲűƳļӣʮͷ֣ϣרź
ҹ˷֣촽ϸƧߣԺȥ
һȥͱ˱|һϵˤڵϣ˲˹⡣
ר֣ģƽֻϵơͬ׳ŮֶΣ¾Ͱ·Ūô鷺ģ֬ȫԽȥ
£ֱЩҪ˵
֣꣺һû㣬ѧˣ
û˵Ļᣬ˺|·ȥ֣ûŮˣŪ÷ѽл
֨ѽ죬ûб飬ľͷӲɫûб仯˺ðκŮ˵Ľлͣ£ȥù깫ˮ
֣|й̹Ŵʣʲô£绹ҸףЪ⡣
ſϣͣŮܵˣҲ¶ˣ¥˵񲿷ɴҪŮ ҪҪ
ӵ׾˾ˣǰŮȥ·ٷˣɳȥĹٱû鵽Ӱ˶׶༪١
ǷŮʧˣҺιأ
¥˵߲ƣۣ˵ɵȥٷС㣬˴ϼСɫãҲҪӣǻӲͷƤͬϣΨһ׾˾ˣ˵ӿɾˣǧҪӡ
û֤ݣͣҪ֣ԣܵȵԼķܱٷ˽ߣҲǹǷҿ˲֣ıۣϧӼλӣӲһδζ̫ԣҲֵĻᡣǸӣҲʮ壬Ǽ|üеķ飬պһǸɶõ|
˵ֱɣ룬ɽҰǰ¼ӻűŮ˻־Ķˡ
֣ϳʱ̫ӻ磬ʵûס˻ظ÷˴Ůȥ¡
ǳˣȵ֮գ߶̫ӣҲܵøԼСѡ
£ԳЦ̫ӹϵã̫ӱͺȥɱѻǶ
û˵ͱɫ֣˴Ŷ۵˼Ѫ֪Լ˵ˣɫææġ
ɫڣι֦込ĻҶ
ūţ֣ϳȥ¥裬Ժٹ
ŵǰ
һ߿ǰļӣȥԣķȥ
֣̫Ϸֵ¾ǲ˶֪κᣬϲ˵˽ϱ֡
˾ֻһӣνǴԼҹ̶ٲ֣ҵһҲġ̫ӵóĳ໤ƽ֧֣˽»бãϲߣֻ÷С
֣һ¶ǰű鲻õ̫ڹӻһ𣬶ʱ|һˮбӺݺء
Ͷú̥ĻƿСһҪǧ
֣вˬ죬طͣ˼ûˣÿ߳š
û뵽ԼųԺӾ˴̿ͣ깫ͻȻĿ¶׹⣬˾仹ҼСὣϡ
һȺε򣬵Ȼײ
ڡ֣Цһվԭϵ´
̫࣬ߵ书һһﻹа̽
Ĵ̿Ͷ̶һͱڳ£֣߹ȥһһϣߵ˱һѪ
ɳıӵЬã˶СǱ˽ߵģ˽ȥˣҼҷ粻̳Ůҡ
ޣǲС㣬û߳˷̿ͺ޵ү׾˾ˣӱضĲ㡣
¥ϵĵΣ΢ĵƹӳ׺ݵӡ
֣в£Цֻǰδ̫СҺΣӿɱȷʶʱѧûһֻ۱һֻۣ|۲ηԩˣıɱǻվڱߡ
̿ʹд֣ͷ̧֣Աߺ䣬ͷڵϣܰ
ɱ͢٣治֣ͷݺ߿˵˾ȥš
¶֣˵ͬҳ㷹ֵһᡣ
֪İ̽ΪССĴ̿¶һ˿٣ڵҹɫзһ̹Ǻ⣬һѳ׼
а̽Ծһ佫Сġ֣ӦΪʱƺҹֱš

ڶϵʱ֣д̵´ǣС˺Ů˽ۡ
ӻϢʱں࣬ϴ˿ʵϵסֵΡ
ƽմϢܻظֲ̧Ŵµ᣸˵¡
֣ڼ˷ˣϮ̣ʧѪ࣬Ѿһҹһǧ˲ε糯ʱʵ۲ȻŭֱĿ漰ң̲˰
ģһ¡
ƽܳһĺģ˷Ǳ߶·ˡ˵Ƿɶ֣ģȥ֣ڰ֣ʱ|̽ûü
ӻ룬˾ηӦ
ƽҲǸողŴϢ˾ûʲôӦ糯ûȥ˵ʹһΣ֣ڻڼ˷˵̫Ͳôһ˾ͳûˣûдƶ֣Ķ˷ԭŭΪϴ֣ԩþ˸ۡ˾ûţɸڲûзַС㣬ɺһڼҲѾ
˾ѹ֮꣬Ԫϣ״Ԫ֣ӣ䲻֣ѡҲǳصġ
˼ˣ߳
ĸ΢ʹ˾ߵýɾûӣʵҪ֣һαעĿķ˵֣ǿŮҲǵһأ֤ݣôȥ˷ˣ
ӻϵԱϷˣ˿磬б뷨̫ȥ֤û¡
Ϸ˷ף˿ӻֽ̧ӹ촽Ȼ̫ӵûڣ±޹أĸӦҲܣ̽
˾б֣ϴþѸĿԼ޶ġ
涯ͻͬӻӻû죬ûͽ£ֻʣκô
ƽͷ𣺡κӵѾˣ˵ҪûʲôϢ
ӻ΢΢һ飬ͻȻʲô
ѹˣû˵
еĹģٻע˵ĸܣȾ̫֮λô꣬ݵ񣬱ֳ˼ͬ˾ÿ¡
Ϸվһԣһӣӻ飬Ϊȥ
æߺŵƽȥǰ˵ӽٳţ꣬ˮʪػ̫Ҳãǳ˻²
ӻ̧ͷҲȥϷˣ鷿ǽǼ黭ժȥκҡ
лҪ˵ҪڷŬ£ҪȻӾҪѧˣ



7  7 
ƽսպգսȻʱͷԶˡʱ󼻳ûң߽˸С
ӻûֻš볤ʮֶͷֱСӣտ
ûǰüͲŶ˵ǸкʵۻöԶӼҵĶ衣
öСıŪԼһֱԼСʱŻ治ɫ˵Ƕǣܸκˣúñ档
ӻǸСĻᱻƭ
ȷʵţȥ޵зöúװһϻС
ҹţ߳һˮˮ˳űܱԵ£յĿ̻͸ĵͦε辰ϡ
һС꣬ʼת֣Ϊ͢٣漰׾˾ˣԻʵ³㶽죬һߵü㶼ҪҹԺ
㴦²˵ģô˼бҪ
û뵽
ӻո˯ûãܱϸ΢ĸO@ѣһ۾ͿԸߴĺӰͻȻһҪһֻٿס죬ϤϢ۾
㵥ֳͷڻ谵Укļӣġ
ھһʣΪʲôȥң
ɫסĹһƬӻ翴飬úܿ죬ͷƤڷ飬ȴҴ
ԼŴˣ䵨С
ջ֣˦˦˦ʣǰôڼϢ㻹ڼϢҲʲôԭ򡣡
ӻͷۣ˵ڼҺúϢôȥ
ʼܴĽ̤ڲѥԶĻľ¼Ӵǳɫиʽĺľľϻۣͭ˽|
ӻ˳ָϳ˳ϥԱؽ£Լ侲ڵҹ꣬Ҷ䣬ʲô
δ£ҲûЩαΣţеʪ˻ꡣԺѼǿѲߣ˭Ҳ֪ôġ
ǵǴģһ·˺ܶˣֻʣʮ˫ֽ֮ѻƪˮ֣ң֣̰۲٣֤Ҷ鵽ˡ
ӻеҫֶСˣͬݽ棬⣬ʮ֤ҲҪԼòף֣£Ѳ˸ϵ
£ݴͻˮݶʷ֮ǰ˵ɽˮйƶɽ·ܿգܰǰ糯̫д֮ȱѾõľʹһְ˵ԴɿΡ
ӻ̸Ͼ仰ڼҺúϢĵҲá
˵ģüֻʣӲ
ӻҡҡͷִϥǵҹѾˣӦòæµһ죬ƣ룬Щȥ
ۡ
ӻεô࣬ҹ⣬ָͻᴫ붫ı˵´ԡԺҪѰңͿɡ
Ļû˵꣬Ϳ̴ִľϡ
ӻӽһ
û̧ͷʣô˵ˣֲ㣬Ժ̫Ӳˣѹأǿպһ
Ҫ
߬½ͬ޲ֹһأʱŲ߰ͷЪѡ
ϳ㡭ӻ΢΢ſڣͻȻһ١
üë΢˵µˣǾȥҰᴲӹԺһȦҽɷ˲ٹ򡣡
ӻ翴̾мϷˣϷ˽Ѻһ±ӡ
ϷԺΪˣڵӰʱ֣ڵϡ
谵Ļ£ӻÿһǣƯ¶ڵĵƹ£ڵ̫ӵ´ûˣϷˣҲҪͬĸ˵
ӡϷ߲ƽҪ|
ӻ߿㣬վһԣϷ˱ѱӱϡĸϷ˴ʱķӦ
£תͷϷ˵סһޣֻҪĸû֣Ͳ㣬õġ
ϷֻܲȥҲһȥϢ¶⣬ֻҪӻȥ
̲֦ƽ̤ѥ΢ʪ齣˯ߣ˫ͷͻȻתͷͬû˯ӻ磬ʣҶĻ׳棬˵ǲ㣿
ӻСҸսŪú;Ӫʲôʱ򻹻ӴӲһʲô֣¹Ȼͬйأӵģ
֣Ӿûʱ֣Ҫ˵ûϵӻ粻š
Ҳڣֱͬ游ؾҺú㣬£͹ˡ
ӻһ£⣿
ʣ㻹Ϊʲô
ӻᰴһüģŪộΪʲô·ǵϹ
游ǵմȨү֪ӼҵҪԣżҺӼҵĹϵʵڲôӻǰѾԣҪǻʵͻȻ̫󽻼
˵ӻ֣ӰԼϸʵ£סǰ½󣬿ڵ֣˵󲻴˵ССôзɣôͻȻ
֣Խţǰʱƺͨ͵һеƺͣ鷳Ƶϣǰŵġ
Ӵ׽͸ԵСǱģӻ룬˾ϼ޻µζóһȷ˷ɣӾû˼Ҳúͬһ£׵
磬˵֣ҵ£ҿû֣ü˵ֻҲ飬Ҳ̫߿أǸαСˣԶһЩҲ̶͸Ӵ㣬˱ӵֻǰʵڿˡ
ӻһأ֪ҹ¸ӻþ㤡
̫ɵǹϵϣôʣҲֶֻ֧
ػһֻҪ޺ûҪԺ֡
ҹ˵ôʲôûлɹ㣬Ƿ˯ˣҡ
ӻ绹лû˵ô˵ֻðԼʵ˯ź
û뵽ԼòУû˯ţԺ˯ȥ
ҹɫµڴ⵭Ĺް֮ʲôҲ塣
ۣȥĲ鷢û°̺ۺջ
ָ£Ҳûʲô

϶һ˶ӻû̫Ӱ죬̫ϤϵϢһ
ʱѾ뿪
ƽϷĨһԲӡæ߽ʣӣ
ִ֪硣ӻ簴üҹҲûпܹ͢ǣӣ˯˱Ҫعء
|Ůʶһ򵭱ҪһŮ¶Ѿ֮Ժ
۹ߣһֱˣһŮ벻ۡ
ǰɳսûʲôˣĳЩӴҪ¸ĹԱ÷˼ЩҪͽŮӰϸ޾ףµһĳƺţˣҲһܼһ档Ҫ֮ߣɼһߡ
ӻЩڸõĵġ
ûõ˽˹ӴҪ֪ԼӦΪذ£Ĳ
лҪ˵ҿⱾܲܲμӽĻͶӪҺģʱټӸл䣨Ҳ˵pi



8  8 
࣬һؿ֦Ҷ
ӻǱôķӣһߵ̲սţɭϡ̲̫ӵˣӾ˾ˣǶ
ԺηɢŵζùıӲ
ɽʮ꣬ͷףηηЩƽӣһС¾ܱŭ࣬·硣
ò࣬ڳвãʮǰ˸ˣ䲻ó裬ӣĸƾӹ󣬷Ϊκ档
ǷΨһѪףӺãʱʱСʱͶЩ潥صķﲻˡؾ˾ˣʲôƽö֮Ҳ첻µز¡
ʱʱƴСĺС͸κ߽̲Ա
ϻմۣԵЩǱ
乧̧һŰͷΣκͦΣϣԱڣļҳڵˣԸ˵𣿡
Ӳıϣǿŵ˵ĶѾ˵ˣϳֻΪŮֻعû˰֣ݺκ˲ѵˣ
ͣž죬κ۾û̧˵СŮ֣˳˲ƫԺ֣˽ŮʱѾԾ˵Լ±ط·Сͬ˽£֣ˡ
˫Ŀ΢΢ɴֱܡ
κ̧ͷΪʮأȻɫ˾ΪϴԩξѸϸѲԾûСӰӣˣ̫Ӽ죬ݲ˰֤ݣﳯ͢٣һȣ
⣬ûжȴѷ˵Ļ˺ɶϿʼðʲôŮǼӣ˵ѣԲøûҪ˴˾£û˻һɱһŮ
ǹѺط֮أ߷Ѫ|ȵѹȣ˿ˮЩţȷʵҪ֣ڼ˷֣ؼ·ϡ
֣Ůɫ䵥òŮӶŹֻҪ֣֣ңҵŮؼңµĹ£ȥ֣лǱٵҥԾͲơ
֪ԼŮ֣ңһֱһֻ۱һֻۣҪ´̫㣬ؤ˵ҷϣջֻ澡Ҳðȥˡ
Ǹ;ܳĴ̿ͣûаϵɵҲֻܼͨӲͷƤʥԩٴֻͨ˶½أ·Ϊ
Ʊ磿κݺʵӷһ죬ǷҼռ˷м֤֤ڣ˺˵˵Ҫ֣ѵ֣£뿵ССɣӵͦ󣡡
ֶ£Ķŵýһ£ŨŨ⡣֪κ̫ӵˣ
ڵ֤ݶ̷ָұʶ϶к֣ûϵǰ
ԥκ΢΢ָһ°
ûκĶܰĻŹģټ֡
ûһҴǰرȭκˣ̫ҽԺر֣תѹһΣ˵ûС㣬Ҳ֪Σһ˷롣
ɼˣæǰ֣ңҪӣҪӣ
˰δжǰûʥͣκ˲̽࣬κ֣ԩ޳𣬺αƴ㣿ˣбԭҲգ̫ӵ¹һҪִԲ˭ҲȲ㣡֣ٴѹضҪ
ɱͲǳסˣκҪ˦ȥĸӻҡ
κлҪ˵

ۻȱҶƽĺ棬Զ㲨
κӴγ󣬷Ը˾չ鵵ڣֱſȥͨ˻ظֳȭȥ
ܰᣴ£̴ľڳɣκۣǰ鼮ߵ
̫ӵ밲
ͣ£̧ͷɣӲˡ
ӻǷЩΪ̫ӵϻеġ
κ鹰أϳġԶɣ̰֪֣ˣĹøٴ֣ѵϢԻ¡
ýצЩʪŲƤѥüĿ̴ľʣ˵ʲô
κоڳǳĲǣССЩģ˾¡ǰȴʮֹȼʵۻҪ༸֡
ɵɹְ󣬵˱У˽Ӫξϵͬ˵Ӫ½öֽ˱˽±ڼ鷿Уϳȥȡ
ϣǰЩӲӪ̰۾ãʷ˶ٻ𣬴˾һԭأЩ
κƬ̧̣ͷʣϳл½𡣴˾ΪʮأҰĲı㣬۰ľǳ֣ôͻȻ֣˱һأǴӺ֪ǰ֪ϳҪһֱȥ
̫Ӷ֣棬κһӴ¾ͲµĻ˲ǷɣҲûɹ㡣֣üƣ˶֪֣ǵľ
Ӵ࣬ҪͷЩ˵ģҲȥ֣סαʼЪϢ飬ţɡ
ӻû˯ãһᱳʹϵζܺţ̵̫ͣ˯ģ˵ʵڲϰߡ
ӻС꣬Ӳͷ١ǺΨһļ̳ˣҪϣʲôʱظҪܡ
żӼҲѾãй˵үıƽĸżϲ
κ˶٣ʣǴӺģ
̫ӴӺݶ˶óִǡôŷɶ֣ΪǱ˱ڶֵԭ򣬴ŸѲ˸ϵ
źӻͺûãû¡
㻺ִۣڷϣ游֪ˣ
κҡͷү뾩Ѿа£в֪ϳʪˣѥϵ಻ԺģعĽû뿪Ӳ˸Ǿίȥˡ
κκӣ˵ˣҲ֪ӻִϣֻܱڼ˶顣
ûʲôû˵ӻȥκ񣬵ԵԼ̫۸
ֳ̧ͷ˵κˣƢǱõģƽ˵ЩϣҲûܣܰѻǵ£
κµϳ̲ܽϣƽз硣
ӻϵǲĺܺãӵĶóһ˽ƫͺһģӻһ֮תͷȥ֧ӣֻǲ 
޹أҲֻ֣ǳƽ𣬡˻粻ΪС¾ͺǣϹϵȻԸֻ࣬Ҳʹں¡
κҡͷ̫̾ͬӹϵӼ̫߳ģû˱ȵϣ˵׻ȮӴĻϳؼұضϼӹ̡ܽ
ֱ̫ܵ෴ãҲдĵطС޳ָ÷֣游ˣɵֻʣµĲöܡ
лҪ˵ǹѪģȻչṷѪĵ  ǼӸһǧӪҺĸл
ԺӪҺӸһӣʱ



9  9 
ڲʮߣԺ˳ɱ֮Ѿʼո¶ͨͷʩ
ӻȣѪȶ|ҷϲӦҲȷʵ˷Ѿĸüûôӵ˸¸ߵ
ڶǰûϹҲʼת
ӻ紩ɫۣҵı멣纴ϷԴǵĿ£˽
ǰǰȹֹ֭ŻҲ۽⺢ʱˣӲóȻɴǰᷢ֡
λʺĹϵ̫ãͬʵȴãӻ˸ĸıܻʵ۳谮
̴ĽǹƣᲽУӻֱۣͬһߴɺɫܱߣ֣ľɴС
ƫ䣬ʱ˴꣬û˺죬Ҳߺһ֮⣬Ĵ󳼲١
ӻ翴̫ӵλòӰһ֪ûͷʱ¡
غĻӶڣɫ֪ǲΪɡ֣δûۣ˵׶༪٣ֻҩ
ʵϥò࣬زĴ⣬|λӣλ̻ʺϥµľŹСꡣ
ڻ֣һƽͣ輧ۣ
ӻʱ˲ҩζؾ;̧Żѹȥ
ºܶ࣬ҲŸջؾ鲻ʱģ̰֮ٵ֤һҲϣ¶֣ǣ˾һ춯ϵڻû򵥡
ӻ粻ɫɨһܣջߡԻͿ̴ľ˫ȫڽָߣս񽫾ޣڳþ֡
ڳߣǰʳ嵭͸ݹ
ӻһֶ߹ķ۸⣬̧ͷ̫๧ȥ
ӻ㶣һʱ֪˵ЩʲôղǸ̫ˣýҰʳʳǷԸŷⱸģҲ٣ԸҲû˸ϷŶ
˶û˼ͦࡣ
ڷţľŹŻҪȥӻߣ̻ʺߵָϽСЩˣҪ̻ʺ󰲸䣬ֱȥ
̻ʺۣͬͻȻǰ֣˺֣СȥӼҵ¡
ӻҧڷ۸ֹסеŻ⣬ûȥ;Ҫ
̧ͷأΪү뾩£֣пǰ̽߳񣬻ʺҪ̸ʲô֣ġ
ͱˣʵȴЦˣôǰֱڿ죿
֣Ը˭£ֻǼ̬
һֱƽͬżйأ̫Ӷٴɫŵĸûɫ
̻ʺЩΣûҼǺ¼λԱͬ뾩δ飬˾ڵϦûûſ˵ġ
˵Ӽȷ֧̫ӣ֣ûȥӼңֻʺŻʵ۵ôӼҼû뵽Ҳģԡ
ӻеĿ磬ĸ׸ջҪ˶̫࣬ӵ¿ҵæֵôɵ£ڴֻʲôûԣҲ֪ϲϵü
̻ʺҵ̨ףЦ˵ϲڲɵ£˵Ҳ
ӻźûϧ
ʵƽæôС簮Ӷࡣ
һ²ӻò͵ģҲӴʵ۲ήκˣҲûɵȥɻ䡣
ǵˮǣ⻹ֻǸʼ
ӻ첻Ҫμ磬ҪڵȻᡣ
輧񻣬󣬻ʵ˳ַ˸ˣӻҲʮˣһ䣺Ҳ쵽ˣпϵˣ
ͻȻ˶ӻ磬ʵ۴ǰӼƫ˵Ĺӻ磬ؾˡ
ӻķ£˿ںڣɴµɫȹɻҪڼ֡
ƽͳò·ˣúÿϸݣҲ֪ԵʡӻЦĸ˵ɽˮãԺȥǰĵطƣɻδǡ
ʵ˵ƽһ䣺ĸ׸ջʱ㸸ֵòУͲĴģ˱ҫ˵Ҫݹ䣬ĸ׶ˣȥ£û뵽Ѿȥʮꡣ
ˣô໰պͲûˡ
ʵ۴Цĸףһ㶼û䣬С
ӻûüأȭ洽ͷԱҲæ
ʵҲ֪ӣ̾ϧһҪ£ڴź㸸һҲӼҡ
ڵ˸˼ӻӼһֱó裬ۣǱ൱ͬʱڻʵۺ̫ǰ֡
˷纮ͺˡǱ߷Ҳܴܵϰߡӻҡͷƿ˵û¡
žƱҪȥͬݵʣµطĥˣҪǻȥûȥˣܲǺ¡
ĻΪӻ룬ͨģ˷ˣ־京ȫȻԣʵüض
ӻع׽ɣ¾ҲǨŭϡ
ֻ˵ٻȥ̫ʶˣйȥٽݵǣ˵ˮ·ߡ
˳ǰڷǵ£ǡݽһˮ·̰ͨնܵûȥһˣƾλˣպиġ
ڵʷǸƨ˵˵ʵĿ෬ʹ͡
ӻƳһأ¾Ʊʲôû˵
ز󣬿ݣˮ·ͨ˴Ǳزٵͷ֮һлʼˮ
üʷϺͿˣʮ꣬µΡ
ʷǿиɵģ֪æϳ
ӻҲصл˺ģСд£ԡ
ʵۺʲôûʾھȴӻӡ
Ϊ˱ʾӼҵƫ裬ӻ磬ʱ䲻ʱ㴦ôҲʳʲô£ʵûʲô˵㡣
֮С
鷿ľƣ̴ľξݹ󣬻ʵ۴ӻл
޵ʷ˵мֵʵֱ˵ĸ׿Ƣãʵֻϣ˰ģò
ӻ˵ĸҪ֪Ϊ룬Ǹм
Ƿģʵ̾㸸״ǰһˣսսպգ񰮴ʮδףڹе̫ã˻Ϊдʫ˵֪£Ⱥ󹬶ҪǧΪ޼㸸ʵί˵ҲգֻϧۣûɷҲû˸ס
ƽȳҪʮ꣬ʱͿʼսɳΪ˲Լ޶ţӲ˺ܾûף¥֪٣ûŮԸ޽Ӽҡ
ʵʱֻһͨӣҲǹͬϵõ̫ŮݱۺȻʶɵΪãһӻ縸ʱʹĶǡ
ӻ˻󣬲ŵĸἰЩ£Ǵδѹҳ󣬲ԸټޣΪ׳իҲպܹƽЩ
ʵһʷ߻ᴧĦ޵˼˺üݣתת뵽ȥպٽȱˣʷ軨׷ͻȻҲǲԣѡ
ӻƺ̫˼ĸ˵Ҽںſ뾩Ҳ˵˵û뵽ⶼˣ
ʵηЦʳ˼ǳöࡣ
룬ûоܾȴǲ̫֪˵ʲôԥֻ֮õ粻ӴǼ̫ӵˣ¾û£֪ǰµһ״Ԫ½ľڣֱ֮ˣӦѿ

ڵǰȺеƹ׹գƮӻ类ʵߵܹͳлܹæʹá
ҹһЩӶߴӻû䣬ֻɿסһѱҪһ£״Ԫ½Ƶͨеλá
ܼ򵥣Ҳ˷ģԱȰԼժɾʷڣҲ˵һ䡣
رܹô˵һΣԼ±|¶
߸߹ĹĻްɾ̨ʯ壬һͦεӰ
óˣ
ӻ̧ͷ綼û¶˫ཻбĺ
ֱͦխۣͦǣͦӢ緢һδĺýزס
㶣ûϵǰʣô⣿˵𣿡
Ƿֱ壬ջ׼ģ˵㱻̸ɴһˣ߰ɣȥ
ӻЦһ·־ر㻹Ҽ꺢ӣ
Сʱһֱߣ£һûŮʶĹСԶԶ˿ʯͷСʹ̲סᣬ£һֱۿתֺ˰죬ضϢСҲ˰졣
ԼܳģҲûҪ㣬˸ķ۸ôڶŲص˸һݡ
ֻһ飬ʣµıĸ׷֣ˣӻ룬óӳӸңĺθڣ塣
ųԣֳԲ࣬ӹеĽƹƣ£Ҹ㲹ȱ©Ŀҵ
ҹɫҪڰ֮Уӻ컹æó鲻ôпˣ
Ҳ߱˵游ϻҴЩ£ⲻ֣֮ڻǣ£Ϊ鷳ʱ䡣
ӻǰٹעǵ£Ҳ֪ʲô
Ӯֻ㡣
ӻһɾܾѾüṳ̂㶫ָպͻʺǺҪǲȥǱ߻ж
ͻȻʣʲô
ûʲôӻ񣬡ᵽݣӳڷһ䣬ʷͻȻͨлûѡ£λˣԺðģ¾òѡһλȥ
ѹ֣Ҳϡ棬ʴӼһ򲻴ĸҪó衣
ԶԶѲߣټĻʹ԰ӻ߽Щǿõط뾩Զȥ˲࣬Ҵǰ鷿ʱȦ飬䲻֪ʲôôһ¼κȥͨиʹҺϵãºʷĻҲûԤϵõϢҲ˵ʲô
ССô࣬㣬üعͷе
ͣûԤףӻûע⣬Сײʵ󱳣ס۵ıӣü˺󲽵û˵Զ˵ǸʲκܵίЩ
ûѡ
ӻʵ½Ҳû˵ȻرĿģҲ̫һ֪
ˣȥһˣҲð£߽ÿ̧֣ϸӣû󰭣һ䣬Ů
лҪ˵һ˫֣ͷͦͺȻ  


10  10 
ӻ˶һǰһͱͳǣԾǷ˽ⲻֻ֪࣬Щֵúܴġ
ƢȲأϵǣ׷ҵ˺ܶࡣͶʶӢۡ
־أ͸϶㿴ԶͣϹƸ
˵ĸͳвϣָ߽˵һͨ
ӻ˶٣̧ͷ㳤࿡ʣͬŮƫŮ࣬üĿ緢һ˫ǳʱη֮⣬ǿְԵ
δƴȨĻʵۣʶ֮ʿֶκݵսڵо־ŷɥ̤һ
ӻſ˵ȥ磬ĸƽ˵ңҲΪ飬Ե¡
㵹ǻΪ˵֮Աǣǰ۸ʱɴûֹ
ӻŹƣϵڶĸףȻţҲǺõġ
ôʣͻȻֵ̧ͷ
СҲزȣӻס΢΢۵Ķͷüʲô
ˣ߰ɣ˵ԼȥעЩ
ɫڵӻͷҲûʲô˵ǰŰأе׻ģֻȺȥ
СôڶԹ֣˵Ҳûȥ۸ƽ򸮵ӣżôǷѵģԵĿͷԱࡣ
ӻʱͷһۺ󣬶һ١㻹ûߣ˫ֽŹǽ뿪ͦΡ
ջߣ
ϣΣΪ˾ƣЩ⣬΢ͷ۾ʣģ
йʱͲšݳʻƽ̹־ء
˳̸Щ£ӻСԣ̧ϲ豭нƹЧĸ׳ի꣬ѾôûȹƣҲ
ۣӻ磬ӹⱭ裬˿ں󣬵ģǵµ㻹ò˺һʺһɵ˱˻ԣҲҺƤôںҲżҵˣûûƤ
ӻջϣЩΣǰЩӲź̫ӳһܣ֣һȷʵɣǿҲ̲̫ƢЩҲûʲô»ģҽ챻£ר˵ǵ¡
ڵӼҺͶһҲв˾˼ɾӻ֮ǰżһɾͺӼҲϣƽϱܼ췴ֻʱ⣬ڳԣ˵˽»¹ӡ
·æҲֻЩСƫ򣬡ƺã굽ˣǾͻݣ㸸׵ļҵֻ̳С
ӻûʲôҲ׻ʵ۽Ļ˵òʱˣó¡
ƽʮޣƽȥ߽¶飬ʹ࣬ҲɺܺãƽһֱԸ£Ϊӻʹ룬ҪƴȥżҶʡ
ӻ˼Ƭ̣̫Ҫȥҵ̫ȥʱϷ˳ץζ˺ҩӡ
裬в豭֪ûôѧֻ˵зɵ£⻹û棬ĸ꣬ʵԱº̫ࡣҲôԣҩһҩģϺõģ߱Ȳ
ӻ߬ЦӦá
ҩרΪӻ籸ģƽʱиҩıãԺﻹиСҩϷƹܣһϡƷճӡ
ȥЩطץҩҪǲӣÿ¶ϴˡ⣬ŮֻǱ䶯ζҩЩۼҽҲܷ֣㱨

ӻظĵڶϣ͸ϻװд۸ķӡ
Ϸϻʱֻӻһˣ϶⾫¿̺ƣд֣дǵеκ塣һ̿裬ľ̿յȣӻȱ䣬ǻȱһЩȡůĶ
̫ӵĽϰʦ֮һκ̫ǲͨıѧ֮ʿǼˮƭ֮͢Զ常ΪŰϿӻΪ̫Ӱʴӱܿأ䲻ۣҲʱ֮ܳ
Ϸ˰ϻ̴ľϣ߽ӣ˵붫˵ҹ̫ãż΢纮ţΪ֮£ϻݳ˵̫רùġ
ӻ̧ͷľϻǷ۸ⷽӣųһͱĸߣר̫һݹ
Ϸ˵ûֻ֡ǻͷſһۣûˣǰһСиϤĸϼ̽ףū˵ӲҩˣҴζҩʶʮˣͽ˵
ˣӻ̾ձʣպҪңֱ˵С
⺢Ӹһˣʲôʱ⣬ʱ˭ҲʱԽԽӣϷ˲ܶеҩǱֻܴӸδг㣬һжֻС
ūģʲô಻࣬ںô꣬Ҳûʲô£ոҡϷԥƺлҪ˵ӻÿֽдõ־սͲУ֪ôڡ
ӻֹ֣ʣʲô£
ūųȥʱɨͥԺСֹۣһŷ·ϷûǣĶӻ˵һ飬ż֣˵Ǵ״Ϊɭϣһֱ뾩ʷδ˲֪ʲôʱ˵£ڼ֤ףֱָ̫ӹ֤˵ЩԱܾȥˮһж̫ơ
ӻֵһ٣̧ͷϷˣ̫Ӳʲô
Ϸ˾ȣӻô֪̫Ӳ˶ʵͬ˵ˣ
ӻҡͷҿҲû¡
㲻ӣְţ£ȻʱڴҪȥ֮Ҳýòࡣ
Ϸ˻˵鿪ʼֵͦģۣδţֻңסĵط̾࣬Сŵƨ||Ӵģһͬȥ֮鴫ˣŵˣֱ̫ˣùһһгδЩ̰ܻߵ֤ݣڸʾκ˶ܿоݣ޷
ӻȻֻЩ
֮ЩǣۼˣԾҲգôȥݺ㣿˲˽⣬Ǵ˾ˣѵҲ
⵹СģϷСЩ̫ӵ²δӰ壬ɱͬйԱȡͣŵҹεľ˽լҷӵı|ū˵лͻֵ飬˵йر߽£ҶҪų
ǱطҪӵö֣̣֮࣬ˣȫײһ˵ɺϣ˭Ҳš
С˿еĻŶȲߣӻҲµõв򵥡û֮£ֻǰͲϷˣ˵̫Ӧûûߣⶫǣ˵ǰµĿҵ
лҪ˵Ҫ˯֣һǹھԤ  


11  11 
̫鷿ŵԲƣɭϣԿ
ǽϹҺü|ꪣֳӻ֪ǰûô֣ӲۻؼңڼҴ˼ˡ
󼻳鷿ϣ֣ܹܹ裬ү̲£Щڴ鷳˵үˣط·
̫ȱϯҹ磬ֻҪĴ󳼶֪巢ʲô󲿷ҲٵڶŵõϢ
ӹⱭ裬̧ͷ֣ܹܣлţ
֣ܹܷӴϣЦ֪ǸӣҶѵס
ͷ˵˾ȥɡ
֣ܹæӦǣȥǳĳ֮ףةλô˶ʮ꣬һѹȵ۾ףʲôּ֣ܹٹ˵Ķз˸˵
ǰȻ뾩ݵ䣬ʱŹ顣
ȿڲ裬ѾЩͣǱһ̶ƽĳˮ²һȺǳ㣬ֻҪһ˿Ӧֻɱ
ݵĽֲκ棬ʱֱ䶯˲ֲƣȡ
޷ףѾ֮꣬ȴ壬˫ĿΪʵۿǽѣǻʵεĹԱ֮һ
߽һ۸ɾƽýƣѥǶĴָ͸ͦΣ忡
游ϲŻؾӦϢһ죬ҪݷҲȥฮ
Դܹܵסģ˻ʵ۾ࡣ
࣬׵ĲϾɣȴԳһв豭סûˣü⡣
̫ӵ£񲻿ɷϡ
ƽ񷨵ˣҲɵҡ
ûǿ游ȥݣһ·ƽ
пɣ̿ͣоգصϳݵѷʷ;ȥξϽҰݷãϽǰɽʱˤȣС
Ԥϣû⣬Ͻϡ˶꣬游ɽԸ⣬ҲӲ|׳ʱѰͽ
֪ҪҲξϽս߽Ҫ¸ʢԶĽ
˸Ƿͷ˵游ӦѾ֪֮£ɱݺҡ
๰ֵ¿ɽϳ졣
֪ദЩҪϵȴǿڣǰ񣬽˲̰֮īһ£֮ӣҪǾټҹ뾩ûڼԾңƫôɣȺ㱻¶ֻȻЩ˵ҲգǡóҰжŪò뼸֡
̧ͷ۽ϸƣ״ӱȺ˵ֻҪ|ָǴ˾κεֵõġ
ûб粵û˵ˡ
̸²࣬ﶼ֪ô¡ಢû̫鷿̫ãʵ۲ϲ̫׽ݡ
֣ܹȥ뿪ʱиͨͲ
̵صʯɾ߼ɽأֱ󣬿Ͳʣʲô
𣺡̫ӵ½Լһۣӱǰտӵ˵ӿҵ
żҺӼҵĲǳģ֣ܹæԴԲ̫ӵ²ϲ飬ӾۣͨԴ¡
û˵ʲôߺ֣ܹܣ̫ӽЩӣǲͬߵúܽ
⵹ǽյ£ͬӹϵһֱá֣ܹʵʵ˵
֪ʱӻŸոպͺûã档
üʣ̫ӵӵĿҵ
ֹǹܿҵ֣ܹܸп𿴵ǰأ˽ȴǰԵģҲҺĺƢ̫ӵ¡
鿴ʲô֣ܹܾԼ˵ˣϽס˿ڡ

ǱڲҪ徻öࡣ
ӻ粻ԼƲƭ㣬ȷʵʡһجΣʱήңҩȡ
Ϸ˳ȥ͵ģ˾һûĹԱ֡˵󲻴˵ССȥ˶һ㣬лȱϯ˲ûϵԭȴֵȶǰıѲпܡ
ӻãмǵס
޺СС˯µİС͸ź󣬵ʱʱѾȥþã˵
ӻ멣Ϸ˸ղŰģְ̧ס΢¡ؿڣ면ϸӻ޺ϡ
񻣬Բڼʱأýڿ춬գ·ö࣬ҲɼһЩ
ӻӾͱñȴǰҪƣ롣ϴͬʱҲǣûþ˯ȥ
ĵӲ棬ҲͽȥͶһ壬Ҳʲôܡ
˾֣ƹܱȨӪѵĽʿӪǧˣ⣬־ѲȨ֣ϣ뷴׾٣ǵֵÿ
˾һ˼ҰĲ໥Լһ춯κһ԰ν򡣱泼ӵĳƺţֲôֻΪʸ֮ģܵС
ӻ΢΢ʹļ򣬷Сվһ£ǰһڣ˻ȥ
ղ˯ʵڲ
ůͣڳ̫ӻţŮͬϷ˵
Ϸиɹϵҩģӻæһ˵ˣӿвʣҪҪ˯һ
ӻҡҡͷŮŮԼһЦĸʲôң
ڷ磬ӻòΪټյԵʣ|𪣬ڷŵĺ˵
Ů˵͵ųϢ˵˵̫ӵҪϣ
ӻ㶣̫ЩĿӵͦ࡭˵ʲô
ʶʮ꣬Ĵʮָͷó
Ůҡͷû˵
ӻ粻֪ǲԼĴԴͺԺ㿴ԽʱʱͬȥҲգھҲĿŵ
ŶͷԼԶһΡ
̫ӵԹӦʲôҪ£ӻ˵ͬĸ˵һһŹȥΪǼ¶
̫ӣ˺ҪǲǾĴ治
ŮΪһūͻȥ
ӻͷ
Ϸ˰ԱߵĶʰãӻݣӿǾƣۣūŽ㼸ѡ
ӻ˵û£ڵȻҪǱ㻻·ɡ
֮ģûôϢ
лҪ˵ĸ£ӪҺܲٸһ£ϲ  


12  12 
㿴˳ۣӻǰĻ٣żӼĲ
ΪӻֳҥԣԹн䱸ں
ӻͷѣǸ˵ģָͰߵˡڳǳһ֮ĸ뾩Ϊƽ㻹ʲôìܡ
ůʱͷ˼֦֡辻Ҷ׷£ӻ绻·ȥ˳Ժӡ
һɫۣϵϵ磬·ŮӦ
ӻϲ˵Ůӻÿ֣º񣬲Ůź򡣵ʵ̫̫Ů˿ܳ£ԳһֱŮ̫ӽ
ÿȥΪƽôûӻȥʱһ£ڳд𾭡
ڵ̴ɫᣴ£ƣӻڲ̫Щвֻǣȥ
ӻ纰һĸףͷһۣתȥдôͻȻ
Ÿɾϵķּ࣬ӻ̧˳ȥǰϷС˵һЩ£һλʷûˣд˵̫ӵҪܺѲ壬̫ӻЩĶλ֮δ˽լڲкܶͻš
ͻ̧֣ͷʣô£
ƽͻʵս֮Уڹͨ籨й¶ڻͻʺżҺ֮ǣŮС˶̫ǰЩ£ӻҲµûϢ
Ҳ֪ҡҡͷ֮Ǵ˾ˣҾΣ֪ʲôͳȥķ磬˾İӣδ˵ùȥȴûɲҼǵЩ֣дֽϡ
ϵī֭εֽϣ±ʣ㣿
ӻͷﱧůͭ¯˵û˵ʲôҲԭĸӲҲͽ£ҳ̫ߣҲ٣ǿ̫ܲƽҲ뾩ĸ׿Ȼݱһܡ
ʵ۶Գӻĳ谮ǼٵģݱǿʢȴҲġ
ӻ縸һĵĽݣֻϻĺС˴ĻĶһвʵ۹ǵķͬѡǡ֮ڣزݣߣʵһֱóû취
ͻȻڣ㸸ǶصĴӢۣΣѣѡӱܣҲᡣ
ӻĬ֪в£Լһ
ĺӡ
ڸУһᱻ֣ڵҽ٣ֻҪܷ֡
ӻ紹ü˳Ŀ𣬱̬ΪԼأһ£֪ǵң㸸רǵ˽ǳصģû˵õҡ
ƽسÿγʱԼ˽ס
ӻ翴֪ԼȰֻܵˣĸţһҪЩ
˽²Ķ鵽żң֪ǲ棬²֪Ѿأֻܸӽ
ͷ֪
̫ӵӦõˣӻ̾ҳӭ

ֽ֪£ӻԸÿ곤;ȥɽ㼸£ҲΪѡ̥ʱķ
ʱ̲Сӻվںǰ|ͷ
Ѿϰ߶ڵĴģÿοǾùЩҲѹκܾ߾Ĳˣ練ơ
ӭӣĽԲʷ£ȴûһ̫ȥ
ӻü̫æСӣ𵢸飬ȥɣˡ
пһ£ԼҲûʲôǵġ
ӻʣôˣ
̫ҡͷ˵
ӻüѵΪ֮඼ˣûˡůֵСͭ¯תͷԱߵСƽ䣬ȥͬ˵һ̨ס
£ûӦֻܷųԲʣ
УȳͷϢĶۣӻ磬ü𣬡ԭ㻹֪ҵĻ
ӻ֪ڹģûüڣͶӻû˿׼ϡ
ְ̧̧ӻĥĥ䡣
ӻԼÿκһûк££ʶסӣЩߵҪȥģ
Īȥӻӣˤʹˣ
ֺܴĵȫϣˣӻ΢΢ӿ˼֡
ֱ´ӲĨǣڷϵһֱõѡ
ӻӻᷢʲô쳣侲ĵ֣û£㣬ΪʲôҪ̫ƭң
ջ֣ů¯Żֳסͷ㲻ֱװңҪתȥĻӪǲҲֱģ
ӻ΢΢סů¯µʥּˣǶʾ䣺ʲôˣ
˺ȥǣ״Ԫ½ҲȥˣǷ˾ɣһߺش֣һǰʾá
ӻûлţֻʣô˵
ôӼңĿܰó˵Ҫ֪һ仰ƱλӸż͸ñ̤ˣۣزûֶεˣ½ƵǰķӶǣ㣬ҪǲͬҳţҪҹϵ
ڵ|߿ʮ꣬ҪһףҲڲſʼӻ˶٣
ſСϣͷ֡
Ϊ֮һҹû˯϶еðǣ游֣ңִǷ˯һ
ӻϸϸ۲üۣûɫɤ۵¡
ûɰأ˾㻳Ҳò֤ݡ
ӻΪҪ˯ʱֱ۾һ䣺ӻ磬Ұ
ӻ㲻Ҫұ𣿡
ҪΪ룬ҽҲسţ˱˻ԡ
ԸϹ죬óˡ
ӻ̾˿ֻЩеů¯
ʢƢĥ͸Υûк³
ӻСûѧⷽĶֻ˯֣֪ͣҲûźͺ¡
ʵʱͻȻһӻΪԼˣСֵ㰴Щ
ӻֻġ
лҪ˵㣺ߺ
ûзŮ



13  13 
ӻú壬ƢȴҲġвҲһ
ʻ·ϣ֪ıߣʲôҲû˵ϸľСǴ֤ʵǹϵãҪ
ղűС죬ӻ綼⣬Ȼݵ̶ֳȡ
֣õ̺ùϡ
θߴ󣬿խһòСûôҲȣԼ޷죬ǻʵյİΪԼҲ
û˵ҪţӻҲû̫׼Ǳ߸û֪ȥֵñ˵һ١
Ųλãᡣ⿴һۡ
·Ĵݻƣ֦ڶ̲ҶʱһЩ졣
ӻþӾǣֱŵ䣬ԾϤϳȥ̺·
̺Ǿǵ֮һٽˮ峺СС̺
´ᡣͷ㡣
ıϢƽ⼸۵ˡӣиѧȴһû٣˯Ҷ˯ʱʲôʱҲʲô
ӻ翿Žʵڣ˰üģЩ챾˯ëҹجû˯ãҲЩƣ
ʲôûʼʣ˯˹ȥƣһʱҲѲ
ȥ̺·жʱߣֻһ̺ӣӻһԴ˯ҺóʱרźֹŻҩûʲôо
ղڼб˯ò̹лߺ˯һû뵽ֱӰ˳ӻͷ˯Ҳûȥֱ˯Уסӡ
ȥ̺·ϿӿݣҲҡҡλΣӻ˯Ժ־е䣬΢ӣµСС
һŴ¶ȵĺʵ̺ͻȻϣһ飬Ȼۣ۾̺ӣԼҲ˽
Ҫ̧סؿڣ㡭
û˯ãеҪҡ
ӻ졣
ʶľٶȷӻ綼סûһ˯˹ȥ
ӻ˯ȫˣָסʵţںڳֱѹסƣͷʱܿ⻬°͡
ϣӻв㷢ı|ؿڱס̫Ķ
˯һЩ˿Աڸλá
̺ʱѾСʱʼרűԷ̫೯ں£ӣˡ
ӻ翿󱳾һ亹ؿ㻹˯ûԼʲô
һ̧ƿᣣѹ۸˯£ó

ͷѾͷϣԼѹӻ磬˯С
ˣӻһԿ˶ϵ飬̫ȥԷ˷Сˣӡ
Ƿȥһھͺһ࣬룬ʣʲôʱѵģ
ӻ˶٣ϵŻܣָʢ׷ҲǣԼ˯úúõģƫȥλá
ڵֲ䣬Ҹʲô̺ӣղˣһΪˣĶ۵һһġ
ӻһ٣ûǹϵܺãǰһʲô˵ʲô档
ľ磬˿ڲ˷ŽƵӻǰԼԡǽæӻʲôûҳԶҲµõʲôû
ҡҡͷûθڡ
ҲûбĿջͷУҳԶҸģ㡣
ӻ̾ҲûٺС⡣
ҧһڣºʣʲô̫ǲҲ󣬲ʺ档
߳Ա˵ҸܷĵطˣϸдǷѾȥ飬˾⼸춼û¶棬֣Ҳã̽ףûã̽˵˾ȥӴԼ⸽档

ʲôĪһֻۣǾûߣ֮|ģܾȣԸڲã
ӻ绹СʱأԴ׷ԣԼ̬մõˮմһμֻ
ƫЩҲ˵Ϻʣӻ˵˵쵽׷ʲôʱֻδᣬһΪǼС£Ϸ˵ʱ֪ţٻֲ塣
֮Ǳɱģ㲻õģĺͷ䴫Ųֻ࣬ʲô£ҲС£˴ͻʹǼҲżȻֵģֻȷ;йᣬǲͻв֪СЩûһֱڼ
ӻһϸ۲ͬһͷġ
ϳֵССôһƶ⼸춼ûúϢ˵ĲǷɾ֮ڼ仹óʱԼҵ˯һˬ
ӻһǻʱ˼λոʫԵҹӣǴӻλܣǾߵСܹ̻ԣʮꡣ
Ȼϵó̫Ӻӻ磬ææ
ӻΪԵʣͬûʲô飬ֻǵͷû˵
ƺЩȣܹô⣿ʱܴɫҴңϹܼңɣ
ܹ̻Զʱʧɫæ˵ظϣһͬеҲ˾ˣס
ӻ类ϻʣܴˣ
ûУµģҲҺ˵ҡ
ӻ޻˵
кü竣ӻλߣЩ˻ðϣ䲻ӴҲм֣ܹ̻Ծһ
ͱ˲һֻǰɫ¥СС;ѧ᲻ңʮʱѾǰӿһ¥˵ʲôҲҪΪȢֵܸǶ֪ӻںҲš߲ãڲ֪ôܳˡ
ôЩɣӻվ̧ͷ㲻𣿡
Ǳ湦úõǽͷݣߵ
֣ûʲôϵһߵǰߣѻϹ֧תһ֧ûбԣҪӮˣ͵ðõѬһݡ
ӻûùѬ㡣
磬˵ƭҵģֱӰͶӮҾ㡭ɡ
óҲʱ
һñĶӦоУʼ֮Ȼܱȵġӻ̲סʣһҪʲôѬ㣿Ҷ˵ûù
Ȼʣ㶼Ϊʲôܣ
ӻܾǰѬ£Ҳ͹üΣڲţ;ǸЩ˲ѧûõġ
ӻԼǸġ
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14  14 
̺ﾰྻ׷׻ҶƮߣͣںУܿۡ
ľ֧ܹסֱ̺ͣΣԷüȵ̴ľ硣
ӻԵµĻûʲôʱżһҲСʱûӮġǰľ͡
㲻˵Ҫͬұ𣿡ӻַϣɹ̫ôԸˣ
Ͼֺ̫ãҪ˷ˣִԷֱ֣εϣԶѣӮ˱ӮʤͬӮһֱϢ
ӻ޻˵˵䶨ˡ
תͷü֪ͺá
ӻоָƣû˵ʲôֻ̧΢΢½£ס硣֮Ӯû壬ӮˣҲѶó
ҩ̳ﳤģһҩζҲ֪ԼСʱմȾϲһֱ߶ڡҪϷ˵ζҩĸҲǲɣԺûùֵĶҲҲġ
ˮƽżмֻСɹڱСָ÷֣ʰݡӻ翴ģҲΥظܵһ˿ƽվ׼ȥˮȡ
ͻȻȥĶ
ڿˣӻ㣬һۣȥȥͻ
ֹ˵
ӻʧЦĴæҲûҪϸܸڸѾˮûü
߼ͻȻḡγеŻ⣬ӻľס죬첽߽С
ӻͻȻһģŻͻȻŻü
ԱΪδæ̵ۣӻ˿ϸ磬ĺϣְסؿڣ˳
ľӲʵӻûʲôе㶶˲԰׵촽һֻͻȻӻ绺̧ͷ㡣
㿴ģܣüջ֣Ҫ
֣ҡͷûϴЩѣ
ӻ˼嶼|
Ϊķ뱻ͣҲûʱΪڵϣ˳ʣˣ
ӻûڣֽסؿڣ£㿴ȥᰴ׼̧ͷ۾ϣѽ´ȥΥն
æתӻȴԸͷļֱָֽۣ߬ⷺס
ֲıˣҷȥЪϢ
ӻ֡
ƣµζӻƺһֱܣʲôҲû˵
ҼǵǰúõģϣĲǸղ˯ʱ䵽ˣ
ӻҡҡͷڴٴθŻıõתȥˮ
ɫ԰һôذ
ӻȥӣͷιˮ˿ˮȳԻ鿿û£ֻеΣò򡣡
㿴㶼ʲôˣ㸧ͷַ޶۾ĴҪ㣬Ҳã
ӻץסĴ֣|ס׵촽ſû£˰죬־ֱ˴ϢͺˣҲҪĸס
ܾûϴǰҲûι֪ʱӦ
ӻ翴˵ͻȻЦЦôѣ㻹˽ֻԼίҺúϢ

ӻﻹȵġ
ȿˮϺܶ࣬Ҳǿδ
Ȼذʱһжһԣȭ̫ӵ£үмҪңٻض
ӻ´üߡ
Ϊ׵һЩΪѣڵ¹ԾδˣүϽȥ
ӻͻȻ˵ǴүҲ˵طң¿һڲ̫붯⿴ߡ
֣㲻˵뿴𣿡
ӻ˵ܹ鲻ǻ£ϸ룬ҪǴغĸǵ÷ҹã˵Ժ󻹲ٳš
ˮԽӲݶѾɿݡ
һֱ֪˵ѡ
ӻոڴС죬ӷ뿪϶С
룬öԵȺ򣬵Ȱӻ簲ڻʼұԷкøȥḧգС˵ˣȥԼߡ
ӻ̾ԴϴַһֱСƢʱʱ͸Ǻ塣
ãĽǷϣִľԲҲ֪ĸӣ˽Գ滹飬Թңҹпȥ棬Լȥ߰ɣҪǵ£ֵָҡ
ջ֣һɫ㣬ʹӻϢһʱߣصʱҲڣֻǶ䣺һúϢ
ӻͷ
˼Σ㲻ͷȴҲ֪鲻ܵ飬ȥ־
ӻЩΣҲû̫ࡣ
סؿڣϣַ̧ʣȴ
ӻƽղôֵطҲһˡ
ǸᣬץҩĻᡣ
ԺӴɨɾ롣һϴСܣҩ䡣
ӣˡ
ӻ˶ȥֻôһ˽
ϴǸĴҽʮ꣬ʱϻ̳Ͽ֣Է˷ǸһС˵ǾǵԴ¡
ڵᣴ£ֻܿӰĴϴ£Ȳһвʣ
ӻеĽŻң˿ǸСġ
޲ʣֻʹ£ӻһй¶ȥһС졣
һھǺݻŵùǺæͷ
ӻ翿ŴΧ򣬡ֻһ׮ֲҪزסܣĪӼ飬ӦǲӦ
˵Σ˫ɲҲҪǲӦ߲Է
ԼƽΪҽߣй¶˲֢
ӻѹҳ˸һŮҳ谮⼸յ˲ǸŻܣĸײͼ˻Ѫ뱣סŮֲ±֪˵ô죿
ϴһ֪ǴŮ˺ӣʿˮҪǲ⣬ץζҩֻһξ޺֮ǣ֤˷֡
Ҳãֻҩ͵ţʱһ̻˳㣬ӻ𣬡ʱһ㱣ܣһµĴţ֪
ϴ϶ð˺Եڶ˵¡
Ǽ˵ܣӻŪŮӵ²ټҪ촫÷зľǴϢˡ
ϣ˵ӻüģ̫Σֻ˵ްֻǽ˯òõƣ룬˵ö౻װ֪ĸףұضԲ˶ߡ
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15  15 
ͷʼбʱ鷿͸ůɫ⣬֣ܹСվ鷿ſڣ£ˣõˡ
̴ľϰмѾţսĺۼ̧ۣͷǰļλˣ˵£͸λˡ
ϳ
⼸ǳеҪ̲·ֵһЩ֮иãǸķѸסμҲԶ
Σû֪κŲʱѸĹ߶߶ʲôۿϱߵĹٴΪʶ֣˵ʱڳκ飬κ鿴֮Ѹ
ǸѸ޿䣬Ҳ֪Լյʲôֻ˵֮⼸µĶϳ£Բˡ
κţֻ˵̰֮۵֤ݣѹѸŵÿͷ̲ȥฮ̫ӻؾ
⼸дǾǲ־פطΧ˹ٴȻҪͳҪ͵ʲôطûд
˲żüã֮Ǵ俿һЩٶõĺֻǴ˾һͨͨĹԱĸ㲻ϡ
鲻򵥣˾ƹܾӪûбҪ֮Щȥ֮ҪѶ͸˭ö֪
֣ܹܰѼλͳֻ鷿Ʒɴ֣¼⼸š
κ˵̲ԱȹּЩżȷʵ֮֮֡
˭ΪǸСòֵһĹԱû뵽˽»ܰǳЩ
о֮лڴ˾֮ݺ̫ӣͿʼͷ֮˹ᣬ̫ݣݺ˾ڲ֮ء
۽֯壬ŵţŵĲţ˾Ҳɵӡóӻϸдطϣ
µˣºۼҪģЩۼ²ŵİ㡣
֣ܹܰѼͳȥֻһˣ̣һڰϣ½ճȥκȾ纮úůů塣ǰر˵ѾظΪںʹ飬ūûš
̧ͷʣȥˣô
Ǳϴ˵Ϣõƣ룬ζķӣӴӲߺҩ˷ӾͻغӦǴøץҩ
ţüʣմڼУô˯ã
֣ܹ֪״̬Ҳ֪ôֻͣ˵Ҫװ£ͻһֱ룬ʲô¡
㶯һ٣뵽ԼŮͳ¡ӻԽ׼˾Ͳ䡣
֣ܹܾ鲻̫ԣæһ䣬һ£Ӳʣ˯ҲпǾɼˡ
û㻰ͣӻӿȷʵܣ̫ԵĶֲ࣬˯øû㣬ճȥһˣ֪ô
֣ܹһҪ
ǰʱҲ˹ڶʱ·ͣһְף֣ܹΪΪӻ糳ȥʲôطȾƽû뵽ڶ춫ͺϵ
̫ñ谮ûĺǲܣԱֳʧְվѰϵĶʰã游
ϣӼֻãϲ̫ڳ谮ӻ硣
֣ܹ֪ԼҲסֻӦǡ

ӻֱ̺ȥ˳εûʲô֮Ǽйͻʵš
ƽ±ȶӻҪģӻϰߣҡͷ˵̫ĿǰҲûǴ˭ʱ̾
û˼ʣӻҲû˵ȥ
ȻصԼ֮ӻų׷磬Ϸ˲˴ˮԡ
Ϸæǰæ˴ˮ˳ȥϺʵʣغźȥЩ
ΧסľͰɫ˲䰵࣬ӻרԡģֻһš
ϷţӻԡľͰϸ˫΢΢ϥںڵĳɢŨŨ뵶ϣˮڵ|ѩеһ÷һ|ɫ
ϷˣӻͻȻڣʱһһˣճҸһŮһʱҩ
ϷЩϲ棿Ҫҩͺðࡣ
ӻӦһˮԼӹϣٵζϣҩζЩģ̫ӵ͹ȥ֪£ϲЩ
Ϸ֣ȴӦá
ӻ粻˵ڻʵںַƽ̹Сϣ̾⺢Ӳģ˭Ρ
ϣӼĺӣҲ֪⺢ӵĴڣԼźʵʱ
̫ӵ£
ͻȻϷ˾ֵӻһվֵȥ˻һź
Ϸס죬һסţ׼㣬ɫ˹һ
ĪѾΣαģ
Ѵʣģ
Ϸ˻ع񣬻ŵԡ
ӻӷ䣬֮ԺԺֻмСŮƽղٻܽҪӿżǿѲ߰صټ򵥲
ϷˣҴ¡ӻ翪ڳ͵µȺƬ̡
ϷҲ뵢飬СŽȥ
谵ԼԼҪ壬ڳôҲڴӻԡ䣬Ҹط£ĵѾʮ壬ôҪź£øѧѧ
ӻ֪ҫʮ꿪ʼû̫Ů̽
лҪ˵ҹھңӣٸ  ӪҺ



16  16 
ںľԲԣ¡
ӻԡ䵢һЩʱ䣬ʱڰĵơϸϸŻȼơ
ҹƣ۾Ϲ𣿡ͷҲûأӦûû˿㷿еĶ
ڵĵƹлްӻŴ멣סߣںľԲԣ̧֣Լ衣
ںڵĳɢ£ʣǵڶʲô£
ʵǵΡ
תͻȻһ٣´һſʣտзţ˵˯òá
ûʲô£ӻڲ裬Ҳ֪|ë
ʱҪȻǽҪЪӻ΢΢̫պҲӡ
ƺַΪľǺԶ׽ͬʳͬޡ
Ķ߽ϸӻ̧ͷȻһ£˻һ
ѹֺ˵ŮӣĴָ촽ɴϵˮɿ֣ڿ֣ʵί
ӻóڿЦȴס۵գü˵ò
磬ҲǱˡָһͷȴҲûټòӻ縸ĸöãҲ
Բԣվǰһ䣺Щʱ˯ãΪŮ£
ӻûϣҡҡͷҵûСѾȥôãѾ¡˵谮ģ˵˭ҲȲõ£Ҳϣ²Ҫͽա
ɡҲǻΪһŮʧߵˣûٶᣬҽ첻ߣһ
ӻֲһ£˵²ϰ߳Ȼ
һԵϷ̲סϲһˡ
תͷɨϷһۣӻ|вĲãʵˣȥס󣬵Ϸˣûʲôȥ±Ҫǵ
Ϸ˻˵Щʲôӻҡҡͷֻ¡
ֹܵͦ࣬סԼӶû˲ʲô죿̲ܽϡ
ӻ̧ͷ˵Ϸտҳһˣǲһ
ܹܵס˲࣬Ƣ١Ϸ֣һֱڸУ̫ӵĻ᲻࣬ҲϤ
ӻ粢ڣûֻϷ˰
Լ˯ߣں˫ֱأʵᣬĵƹ¶Լһ˫˳ϸȣ׾¡
ҲˮһӻǺƢΪƽĵճӣ̫ϸ
ԱһԼʮ꣬ʱѾӮ˽ϰĽӻ磬ʹ
̫㣬ڶ
ӻӦԼʵ󣬵ƣԱ㡣
ûжüʣΪʲôΪҲϲ֣ҽղ
֪֮ͦӻͷҲֻĸͻȻҷ䣬ʱѵ㣬Ҳϡ
óе㣬һʱҲƢɲЩûʵɣϲֻ˵ϡӼҡ
ûӻ˵˦侶ֱ뿪
Ϸ죬æӻȴֻǰͷڱȥǵҩ
ŭķǧ֣ĲǺ㣬´ʱϷ˲ڣҲ֪ᷢʲô

ѹرգӸֱȥ̲㱾ڴɵ£޿ɺǡ
ɾ֣ҶҲڡ
̫ӵ£֣Ӳǰ˵ҪӴɣ·ʦүûĻ飬æߣɵסкʱ䣬Ѿȥˡ
˾ӣ۳֣ϥҲһ֣̳ʮ˼ıԶ֣ЩֻǴӣáǸƹĳةƽ֣Ů޷µ֤ȴæĨġ
㻹ûţӺݺص
ôҲı䲻Ҵһߵʵֻ齻̲ǿҲҪģ
֣ةСţ̫ӵº˵ķԸɻŵδ׼ڡ
֣̳˲࣬ҹ̲˵˾˿ڣɾ㵨ٴҲҶѹð
ֳ֣̳Ϊɵûһۣһ䲻ʲôƨҽ쵹Ҫ˭ң
һ䣬ڳ֣ε࣬ȻûȺſڵһͱݺ߽ڣѪĭ
֣̳İ֪С֮ȿʱɫٿһ䡣
֣ة˵˵˭㣿㳤ֱһλߵϢƽҪ֣̲ס˸
һֱôֱ֣̳Ī˸ѵջȥЩϽ̫ǰεǲҪˡ
֣̳ɫûиղǰţҲûлţȭ̫ӵ̫ӵˡز֣ĳֻɣδɰٰţʵڲס
ƺû֣̳Ĺά֣úߵЩĵжˣڵϡ֣һŭ⣬£֣̫ӣ˸ûǸӡ
ҹΣ֣ة㱳俴ɣձɷߣõ
ɸܵһ˿ѹȣæأ߹Ѻ꣬߿ն
֣ĳҹֻһЩ鵢顣֣̳׼ûгײ㣬ı͢٣ݣ֣ĳʵֳֵȥʲôҰġ
ȥ߿ϵɱί֣ةڴסһ˾ʲôʱʲôʱˡ
֣̳ӲӲˣ֪ûת˻ͷ̫ӵֳ͸һ֣ĳҲǿ󣬲ʱ򣬵ôͻȻ̲Ѳֲ鵽ʲôδйصĶ
ü֣ة֪͵ʴ˾֮˵ʲô
йδĻӲΪ̫ӣܹܽûôϣͻȻ̲˵ûè壬˭š
֣̳Цʵ˵Цֳ󲡣Ѻüҹ£ôܸδϵ
һӰ棬Ȼ֣ة֪ûйôﲻߣȥɣ
̫˵˵óõȲµˣҲᡣ֣̳֪ԼҪٵȥô˾ˣʹɫ˷˵˼ϵĵһǣҴȥ
Σصϳܣ̫ӵ¼ʱϵ
ûɣֻǶ±ӣվʰӳ
Լӻ̫ˣ赽ѳ
лҪ˵ͺͺã̫ӱӻƣԼֻ̫  ƪ㹷Ѫģ



17  17 
ӻȥκʹһ·ʲô¶ûӣҲȷʵƣ롣˯˸þʱ̹ࡣ
Ϸ˽󣬳š
γ࣬¸УżܻЩɷ羰İãڰ˵̨ɱ֮
ӻֻṳ̂룬ֿԭ
ϲżʵõģĲܡ
ӻƽ򸮵ӣױΪս񽫾Ѫȷ磬սȴûеִίʵҹͬ۲ĲʵڿȥʱŻŲʵλá
̨Ķˣæӻʣ̫ӵںδ
𣺡ƺȥһˣŻãϰ̨ϰ
ӻ˵ͷļѾ߳˵ָǰѼе
ĳƢСûб䣬ΨҶ԰ȴԽأͬ˲һģԼıܳŵİ
ӻ££멣Լȥϰ̨Ѿüṳ̂㶫ϴսãһֱû˵һ仰ͺúҲûôš
ϰ̨ܶ󲿷ֶصӻ᲻ġ֣ܹ켸̫Ǳ߲ö̴̫ɫֱ̣вĽһõȲ衣
ĺ߸ӻԶԶͿͦθߴıӰһ̾Ǹӣ̫߾Ǹѡ
ӻûȵĺϣɹů̫
Ҷ֦£֣ܹۼƼͷС̫Ը䣬Сܵǰʣô£²Ÿո˼һʱͣ
ҲмС̫ӵ̸̸δ֣ܹܣɫʤǰӻЦЦ̫ӵ棬ţЪᣬ˵
˵һˣ֣ܹЦ˵ūҲмδӣ˵˯òõ岻صسһĿҪȥ;֣Ҫɣȥ̲ʱҲ֪ô£ͻȻϰ̨
ӻ˶٣жʱƢΪʲôô졣
ӵã߿ıӰ̾һȣȵЩ̫ϰߡ֣ܹܻȻȥɣõƼ㲻ڣֵ㡣
֣ܹǿӻ̫ӴСģĻ˲ԡ̫Ӧ뿴ӻ磬ϾѾкüṳ̂벽֣ܹܴûʣֻūȻȥˡ
ӻס
ůͣӻλÿı飬ֱеȴܵһ
һ϶ȥˣû
̨µӲݸɿݣż˶Ů·ʱ죬ƽżӹһֻȻиƢ㣬ƽְݡ
ӻ£ͷ˻ϵĸɿӲݺ󣬾ûʲôÿģֻܿ㣬һ̧ͷֱӾͿѼ׼
ûжҲûôͷǼˣ֣ܹܸոչʱ֪ˡ
΢΢ۣһɣٶֱֱͣӻԱߵӡ
ӻ߳ϿһƬҶû룬β졣
عͷϰ̨չ֣ܹú̫ѶʰãҴҸ
ӻոſڣ߳һϵĹ֣ܹܡ֣ܹܻͻعЩûסԱ̫æסææţһ뿪
ӻסֱۣû
ȹչ֮ʱ˵Щ
һ٣ͣ½Ųعͷӻͬϣջ֣һƽֺ̧ѹѹڻǽڣң
ʵǴӻоݺײǽָպҹϴʱ˵ĵطӿϡֵǰԼۣ϶ˡ
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ӻ絹Ҳûޣֱ̧ĨᣬҡͷЩۡ
ȴҲû˵ֻ°ͣ΢Ĳʣʲô
ӻ紩úʵůֵͭ¯û䣬Ҳ
ףմϺΪԣʱŸֲõĸҩ඼Ϊ㣬ֻǷֽӡ
ӻһеǸģ˵ҹӲˡе
ֱԵõǸ
ӻȻµôģ˶ͷĲʱʱȥĸ׶ôҲ֪֪ӣ㲻˵㣬Ҳð¸֪ǰ
ԸסҺαضһ١һֱ߳ӻĹ߰ɣȥ޵Ҹҩ
ӻ棬ʵ˵֣̳ôôɣ
ɺϣ߱ߵҲκҲϵ
ҾЩ֣κӸ뿪̲ϵٿ죬֣̳ҲͰˣӻ룬̲ʱӦûʲôס֣̳
ͷң
ӻҡͷ
ʾͷ˵ϵõ͸ϵõϹġ
ӻ綮ˣڴ˾ˡ
ûٶʡ
⼸ܺã̫ɹů棬̫ȣҲ̫䡣˻û̫ӵĻ飬ͺӻͺˡ
ʱĳƢ˴ӻӺãͬ
ûʲô£ʱĴ˾ȴѹֵö࣬һ׳СڵϣһڲͣѪѾ͸
̧ȥԱߵ֣̳ýڵϣλ˵˵²򵥣ĶҪǴ£ҷǵһҳ
̳̫ĸꡣ˻ڣЩ˻ơǴ˾֣ʣӪЩʱû˯þ̬ԣΨһ˫۾Ҳ͸
糤ʮֵ꣬ܣܵЩ̽ӣ
˾û˵֣̳֣̳ǴӴԶ֣ұģһֱ֣Ϊֳհ
ʲôû˵ֻģ֪
֣ڻûѣһֱ˲ε˾ֻ֣һӣ˭Ҫġ
в̽ӣ֪֣ߵ˶Ǿѡģޱİ̽
֣̳裬ţһڣͨ籨Ÿ̫ӣͰѷǧУйͷ֮ޣȥ˷|£Ҳ©ţ̫ӵлɳˣֻץһˣʵڿɺޡ
˾ûӦңֻǵҪɣܴҲɶֺûκָ֤̫ӣҲɺ˵
֣̳ĻҲ侲յ²̫Ϊ֮ԺѲ˸ϵӼҶˣҶҪʧȥֵܵζ
лҪ˵
дһЩóڣϧں



18  18 
ӻǰģú塣ûһǰ£ӻᣬս
˭Ҳ벻ֻһֻһ¡
հͿ࣬˵κˣüȴǰҩӻ磬ԼԺá
ӻ޵ḧָļ|ʱһҲպǸɱĵ˭ݲ۵ӣĻͷǸ˻
İɴСһ𳤴ĺѣ˼ȴöࡣ
֣ܹͬЦеżɫãΪʲô£Ҷڣ͵¹ϵãȰҲ
ӻԲԣһ£ջؾʱ˵ʲôֵĻ
֣ܹһ£ʲô
ӻ΢΢С״ƿĸͬ˵϶֪ǲҲһ
ӼҺżҵ²˵ֵ˾֪˼˶֪֣ܹȳҪȻҲô¡
ֱ˵ֻܵٻģһ㲻˵Щ£㳤ʱߣӦҲͬƽϡ
ӻôأ˽µϽ֪֣ܹܲƫ̻ɳȥ˵İ̽˳ƫԶӺżңҲʵ
װ£û˵
֣ܹܶӵõԵģ̫ӵĻʱҲ࣬Ʃմȥ£صطԸҲҪ˵ȥ
ӻһ٣ͷ˵Ӽ֧̫ӣԲġ
ò̬Ե壬Ŀǣ˵һֱºͺͣбΪҪڿöࡣ
֣ܹ̾ͬ˵˫̥ã¾úö࣬۸ڶһƲϵŮӣʺҲʱ޵ĹŮӸ˼޽Щ¡
ӻ벻ܣнãҲԲ˽ûֱ˵ֻͻСĸײҽӴԵŮӣҴ´ԼӣҶЩ̫û͵Щ
ٻЩ£ἰҲװ˵ööࡣ̻ʺǰֻͬ˵ʱãͰʣµĻʽ˶
ӻ⣬ԲǰŮ֮£㲻ɻӣȤֻͬ޶˯һһְֽôˡ
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ӻ΢٣֣ܹͬܣ˽²۵ģ̫ӵҲϲ
ūҲֻǰ˵˵Щ¡֣ܹܰһ
ӻ˼£˵ǿ󲻵ãϲ̸£Ҫǵǰ˵ŭ
ҹйڣ㲻ܼǵʲôϸڣͲ쳣
ֱӣ֪ݣֻᵱ֤ᴧװͿ
ӻ̸ģŮ|ŮЩ¡

κ̸˰ʱ£ȻʱͿӻϢڿ־̸
ղž˽ȥӼҲϳձҵĵ˯ʵ󵨡
ˣӻ̧ͷе飬Ҿһɡ
ǰΪʾǹϵã˾ӪһͬЪϢԼ޵רΪ齡ΪԸ˯
֣ܹ˵ʲô㱳߽ҽʱһ
û˵ʲôӻҡͷͬ˵
⣬Ϸ˽ӦܰҩûظǱҲ˵иͷܵ㣬˷ʤ뾩ݣҸ徻ů͵ط죬Ҳǲɡ
ֻҪɿ뿪ʵۺͳﶼ¡
֣õź̫ȥڵ˵£ҸոҲһϲ£²¿
ӻֲõԤУûʼ£־ֱиŮ˻ˣ˭
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ɫܺã͸뻵˿𣬴ٺʵҲסӵ޵ֻǶˣҲȣǰķϣܲµģȷʵ֣塣
ӻһԣϣ֣ȥӼңĸ̸ҵĻ£ĸײϲ֣ңҲЩ˽´ţԻؾˣûʲôһˣΨһֹŮӾ㲻ҲʶңҲֻ
֣֣СŮ֣Ӽң̻ʺ¡
µõӸܹ̻ԣ϶²
ӻȻܴ˵СӣκʱǸΪҪȢ˷Ůӱܴ˹ڸС
һ£ı飬ʱҲˡ
֣ҪУٵһǰ£Щʱ죬Ҳǡܹ̻ܺԺͼϡ֣岻ţܹ̻Բϵ˷ֵطӣȥֵطҲ˵֣ȥпܣԴȥ
ССһܹ̻Իֵ֣֣ǾξΰܹԱȨΪȷʵ˵ùȥ
ӻ֣̳Ϊ֤ʵ֣ףþ븮Ѳ飬˾ûκαʾҲѹ֣ϵҲ鲻
֣Щӻ粻֪ôݣһѾ
֣ӸѾʮ־ȣû뵽滹Щ¡
ַԲϣȥ㸮ףΪҲֳֻͷͻȻ̫ϤδϸϸʵǺÿЩ
ӻͬһۣüҸĸúÿ
ƽߴ󣬳ǸɶõˣӻƫЩҶĸס
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ЦһȻţͲͰ谮Ů˸飬ҽƱ磬û˼
һ֪ʲô
·˹ʶһղҲ֪Ҳᶯ谮ŮѬϢͬ꣬ʮСӣصÿ죬ҷɱɡ
ӻȻҡ
һʱ֮侹֪˵ЩʲôǺС죬Ļ
㷴ֺ߳һվͣ˵Ϊƽĳӣû£
лҪ˵ֻд֣  Ҿ
PSԺ㣬Ҫ㲻Ϳİ֪ͨ  


19  19 
ӻһٺ־ᵱ·ϣֱľһ顣
ӻҪ곤꣬Ϊֳ֪׵ʱ˶ըˡҪС£ǵýͱǰ
ʱͻȻӣ˵·ϡ
üͷһ಻һС¡
ͷӻ磬޹ţҲȥ
ӻϣַ̧
鷿徻վůһɾ̨мƬҶ
κҪߵʱڹû뿪ˡ
˵ʱѾ·ϣûþ͵ˣκ񣬡үǰ¹ٱڴ˵Ⱥ
ٷʣ̫ӵںδ
κһίڶ
ûʲôӦתͷԱһ˵ȥ̫ӽйɫκ˵̫Ӻ̰ͣߴٹ̣ܽ쵢¡
κ̾˵Ϊ˽ҲиĶκ࣬һ꼰ڣ˵ˣһ죬ԼСӼﻹãκ̫Ӻߣӿ²飬ѳ谮ӵ̫ӵ
֣÷̵̫඼ȥ߽鷿ʣǱ߳£
֣ҹУԼΪ̫±֣֣Ҷӳ֣ƺԥһֱǽͷݣ¹³⣬֣Ӵ̲£һˣκߣ̫ӵ˵飬֪෬ԥ̬֮Ϊ˼Լĳ룬Ҳ˹עܼңԻҡ
ɫ濪һЩ˫Ŀ糣˾֪붫磬ôҲܼҳá̫ӵǷΪ߾µ̫ӵ뷨ҲֻͶ
̫ûôɵⶼ벻ͨ
κҲôģ¶Щǳϵ񣬶ү̵з
̫ӱΣ￴ϳСͳڳˣ˼׼ʱʤͬˣʱԼΪ֮ǵ㱩ݶе̫һҲΪĵϡ
ֻ״ӱʹЩӣȴҲ֪أ޹ءҵ࣬Σδº͸̸Ρ
κȥͨиʹʹͨУҲǸʲݣԶЩ
ұȥǲϹʵ˵ãĥһĥ̫׳£ҷίһѶ澶Ҫκ̫̾Ӱ˽֪ͬһֳͬìܣܹŵ¡
ʮɣǻȵʱ򣬳һڳֻǼС¡
سûȥӴ뵽½ͬȥ֮Ҳɣʵ۲ϲɣЩã𣬷׳Կʵʡ
κ裬ӸԺյƽûжģѱûУ˵üƣҲȵ²΢ƣҪʱ򣬳
κһݣ̧ͷȴʲôû˵һֺ̧˿ڲ衣
̫ӵ֮ˣóȻ֣ǻŭӹϵá
ܰ⻰˵Ѿ뷨κ֪żҺӼҵìܣӼҹ˳̫ӣӻ綯֣ʵΪ²ߡ
ȭ˼ɫȺ죬κæʵүӲʣ
ûӻ£˵֮˽լΪת֮أȥʱһͶˣҿֻȥΪ񣬶Щȴܵò࣬öġ
̸ûã鷿κҲ
ͦθߴһƣ̧ڳǰܻ༸Ȼ֮⣬˾ؿɿҲŲæסѹסˡ
ȴȻ͸ֲãԣ඼ȻƬ̣ʣ£
㿿̴ľΣ͸ˣʲôᡣӻǰƽվͱõʲô֪ʱղҲգӻ羹ҲƱ磬ֱӦ¡
κһ£̧ͷص緸Щֵһᣬ游ôʱ
ڵĹս뻣࿴̫ӣ̫ӵ˶֮սƹ´ȨӱǷҲɵ¹̡ܽ
㾴࣬ȴҲʧԼĿΪ˳¾ǳӣڲԹֳ̣ܽ¶ֻƽ鷳֪游汾ģƽ֮ӣͬ˷ǲһġ
κľĻ˵ûӻ֮⣬ﻰԳԼ˼ȴװס
໺ֵϳ޶ۡ
˵游޶ֻۣ縸ĸ״ͬͨˣЩ̫ױƭ֮ԸȥӴҲһԭΪЩ
һֱӣױң;ɣֻһ֮ԣκһ֡
ԼŵŮչû˵ʲô
ϳϢӰҹʱȥһ½״Ԫң賿飬˲֮˷һλ´˵ӸӳոĲλºӳ´˵֡ԼĿģϳǰ򲻾ǰӹܼ͵͵ȥ˳˺ӣһ˸ɲݵĻ̽ɲǹ|󡣡
üһ˾㲻Ϊ룬ҲõҰġͬɹϵ׽ΪЩϡ棬ԼûʲôȺϵȴ뱾ϣ˾λվǸܡ
ӻ⣬˵ü䡰ܼһκ飬κ鲻̫ӣܵôʶƣ²Ӷ
ֱ˵Ƕͨð°ˣǰµĴ󳼣Լûʲô¡ӹ֮Ϊá½ȴҲҳϣ

ӻ类ȥѵ˰죬ƢķӶôã޵˴뱾ľ󣬷ûҲµ̸ĲС¡
ʱѾ쵽ʱ֣ܹͬ˵ø²ľ
Щ룬һ·УӻĪңְ̧סؿڣ
ڳӣؿԽ|ҲֻԽԽϷܲȴʵ±֣㡣
ӻʱҩĴˣЩƣкüŮ˵һƢ
пһ£µϷǱˡڵİ̽٣ϷˣҩסûпܡϷֲɵô˷ҩ
ӻ΢΢ȭЩŮҡҡͷֻ˵Լ֪ˡ
Ժзãƽղ⿿طҪ徻Щ
ӻ絽ʱϷվڳߣϱмҩѾ򿪣Ǵ͹ġ
ɫ䣬üһ˿ŭӻһۣûоǿҵŭ⣬Ƿйϵӡ
ӻдŹģ߽ʣĸҺ£
طľȴ֪ΪβĶ
ӻһ٣һĵͷϷˣصĸ˵ڻ̥ʱȻʺʳ³õԶҳĸҲһõ죬ʶĸһֱ˶ģҰʳ
лҪ˵ӪҺһ᲻Ӹ



20  20 
ʱ֣̫߸𣬸ŵ̵ƣ辰ҶƬ룬ϸϸڻϡ
Ȼʺ󵽵ûжԳ֣ûʲô֤ݣ˭Ҳ˵壬ӻҲ֪
ʱͬȻʺǺѣ빬ֻܶ֡򻹲鲻¹ⶾٶü£ӾҲ̥
żΪ٣ҳڻʵۣڼʵʱ̽䱸ƽ췴ƽսɳʱ߽ս۳ƽ󼻳ȶʱɣʱ
ӻûʱв˵кһСΪӼ
żҶԳ֣Ǻӵ֮ͬС
ӻվڴУʣȻ֪Ϊʲôһ
ľ£˽½ӻʹϴһúãϸͷʱϧ
֪ӻⷽģ˵ῴɫɫǻЩǴҸ|ģֻҺӼҲẦ㡣ҩƫƫҪӸȡ֮˶㣬ҩͶЩɾĶʱѾˡ
ӻһ٣ߵĶʱֻԸгĺιġǳԸǱߣΪϲ
ţҲûƱ磬ֻ֪ĸײŸմӶɽؾ·;ңңʱָϣʱĸΪʵڲ̫󶯾ѰĴ򡣡
ӻ粻֪Ϸʲôóɣ˵̫׼ȷóԾҲð䲻ᣬԵʲô֪
ֺֻϷˣϷ˷Ųűѵһ٣ӻ磬Щ֪ôڡ
һֲĸŮңԳӽʮ壬ԸΪ룬ǺõġҩȻҲ޿κΣŮ᳤ܻӣӲӴͬڱˣûѧҲЩҩһ֣Ҳǳ
üĵѵ᲻ֶ֪ãҲֲ˵䣬Ӹĸ򶼱ҩ٣ԺҪȥݵģھǴֻ꣬ҪٳЩסֲǴ£αСʧ󣿡
ӻ̸в³Ȼ
СͱкٽӴŮйص£û˽һֱ˷ԼݣЩӵҩҲ
ӻûϷ˻ɣСԵֻҩǲӵģҩŶĿӵģӲ
ûлңϸϸ˼ڵҽҲǵһԣûҩЧôĸǲϲԺҲץ
Ϸе֣֪Ӹ·֮ϣҩ⣬ɵֱý
ӻϴ̬ȺãһЩڵĶ㱸ţҲΪ鷽ӣЩҰӣҪΪƴֻҪԼúõģ㸸׵֮Ҳο
ףӻŵ£֪ǹȥˣԺ󲻻ٷ
һֱûʲôҪ󣬼ȲҵҲ̫ӣֻҪڼʱ̳ƽľλɡ

Ϸ˴ӸûҩˣǿһҪҳЩҩӻû˵ʲôͷӦ¡
Ϸ˱ʾͽ䣬պ󲻵ٷ
ӻ̾һ֮⣬Ҳ֮СһֱھǣõҩʱڲܳҩǱĪ϶Ϊ֮ˣһƢ뾩Ŀڶû
ǻصԺӺϷεūѲߵ֡
ӻ絹һ裬󴽣ҡҡͷ޹أĸ׿ҿýߵҲ⣬ҷ֧С
Ϸӻ֣ȱµ
ۣû˸ţСŹϣٻصӻǰӻóһŶںľԲϡ
ڸϣūõҩʱ;ÿܱ֣ڸ⽫ζҪҩ͵һЩ׼õģҶǰʱԵҩû꣬Ϸ˽⿪ӣ֢ͨȡҩؾֻ֣ܺӱ˵һ١
ӻ翴һЩҩ֪ϷܲػѾ򵥣̾һͷˡ
Ϸҡͷɫȴһ˿ԥƬ̺ӻԼ·ϴ򣬳ūõҩûһū󣬸߳ҩӡū·ϴҽڿԵĺۼһҲûᡣ
ӻһ٣ĸ·϶붯ˣ
ҩһأ±Ĵ鲻ҩеΣרȥ·ϴ򡣡
ӻһڲ裬λ·ϴǰƽߵľҽŹȴĻ壬ˣƽΪ常Ҳһ·ϡ
ҽ֮ЧƽһֱӸΪӻβӻЩãϷչ˵õҲĹ͡
΢ۣͨ͸·ϴһֱܺãĿóûͬ˵Ǳվߡ
ȥĸ𣬾˵ڶ˷磬ЩӻеĲ裬ˣȵġ
̫ңͷЩˡӶغʱδǱľҲֻһ룬ٹȥ϶
ӻ˰üûЩ£ݻɵ·
ΧǶᴹ£סӰ̴ľӴ
һӻʵĴ멳ϸָаϸ|ۣ׾Ͼ㳣ȽϣܾСİȴոպá
Ϸȥ˺Ȳ̴ɫ̺첼Աеķ۸⡣
ӻ޺Ȼʣʲôʱϵģ
Ϸ˽̷ϣѲ͸ⶼõ޺ϵС˵ūʱˣó㡣
ʱƽͻȻͨ˵·ϴˡ
ֶ˶٣ϷˣϷãȻҡҡͷҲΪʲôô졣
·Ͻӻ
лҪ˵һһǧӪҺĸл
õȣٿ
Ѫģûʲô˵õŮֱ̫



21  21 
µý𹳹¶ƽһ·СܴȥƫԺû뵽ճȥûã·ϡ
·ϴһɾ£Ьƾɣƽƽǹϡ֮꣬ŹȣδƽڣӸõȼˡ
ƽͿôµӻҪ·ϴȴʲôû˵
ԺӿɽʯϷ˴߳ƽˣһԣСһ䣺Ϸˣ·ǲ㣬ʲôû˵ȫˡ
Щ̫ϷĿ֣֮ǰͬ˵ˣʲô㣬ССͲѧãЩʲôӴҪţóЩ嵭
ƽӻ绹ҪСһ꣬ƽʵСͷȥϷ˿뿪̾ſš
ڵĹ΢΢֧͸磬·룬´ӻ磬ҼǵϴΪƺѾµ¡
ӻ糯·Ϲֶϸüǣڵȷʵ£δ·ϣЩ裬Ծ׽
㸸ף·Ͽɫδ䣬Ųæ侲Ҳͬ㸸һޡ
ƽΪӻвٿϧҲǵŮ۰Ӷࡣ
·Ϲˣӻ£·ϲһܲµ֮죬Ѿȷϡ
ûϡ
ʲôʱ£·֮ӻ棬ֱ۷ϡ
ӻҡҡͷûֱֻ
֪ӻŮݵ˲֮࣬һӻʱ˵кûʲôȷϣҲΪʱ壬ΣϷ˺·տţκˡ
·ӹŹ֣ӻСʱദʱ䳤
£·ϵƶջ֣̫ӵģ
ӻϸûҲͷֻ˵˭ĲҪڲкӣ·ӦҲ֪á
ϸϸȴƽ򣬵ϡ
·ŹվڲŲ£ҩɣӺͱ˲һʹټҪ£ܽģҪԴ̫١ǳˣֹỵӣҪٻϣҲ̫ܡ
ӻӵİü㣬ȴ͸ǡôУľԲϵ裬ɲԲ
Ǿ䲻̫ʱ˶٣ֵ·˵ǰ±ϱĸף⣬Ҫһӣ·ϷµȴûĸףԸң·ΪұҩͬʱĸףֻǸȾ纮
²ѣƾ·ϵı£ỳɡӻ粻κ˷йе£ǳ
·Ͽɫϣȴҡҡͷ˵Ұﲻ㣬Ҳ߳
ӻһ̧ͷͬ߶ϡ
ƽ򸮵ӣκ˱¶ԼŮݡǽϵֻƽǰΪӻڡ
ӻʣ·֪ʲô
ĸɵȴҲĻס㣬Źߣ㸸̫ʢź̫࣬Ҳֵţ˻̫Ӵϣ뻤סһҪ͸¶ݡ
·ߵò죬ӻվסǰȴͻȻһڣԲ˻ȥסͷ·뿪
ϷһӻɫףæĶͷָûºɿӷ·˵ʲôôѪģ
¡ӻС˺һŻع
ںľԲߣؿͻȻЩƣϷ˷شϡ
Ϸ˼ɫæʣﲻ
ӻûϷˣûվȣ

ӻ粡ˡ
˵·ȥӻ£û֡·ϵƽأȣһ۰ӻ硣
ΪԵʣĴ󲿷ʱ䶼ںƫԺҲҺӻӺתֻЩģ಻á
ƽܹȥӻεʱǰڳ𾭵ıʾõڵϡ
ƽĺ汻µҶһ㲻ƽҴҵӻԺӣϷ˸պöˮţҪͬͣʲôҲûʣֱȥ
Ϸ˸ϽˮԱߵŮڳȥ
ƣӻڴϣ˫գɫޣһСҰףĶĽëƻһϧ
ڴԣȥӻЩתͷϷˣӳʲô£ôͻȻεˣ
ϷæǴ£·ϼ庮ʩ룬˯ͺãû뵽һ˯ˣûվסƽŵˡ
ɫ࣬ӻҴҴӣû¾ͺá
·Ǹڵϴ˵з²д
Ϸվڴ齱С·˵ҪϢū⿴ţȻȥҪū֪ͨ
ţüպС֣ŷʥأҷǵ÷һ١
ӲŸ˯ûã⣬õãϷ˵˵ˣ»ǸΡ
üýЩȴҲ֪Ϸ˵ģͷһӻ磬վӺúϢĪҪˣȥҡ
ϷӦǣѳ˳ȥ
ڴ뻽գµסϵΣ˶ȥӻ绺̧ۣ֣Լͷϡ
ʶ˴ƽ׹·ϵĻ뵽һЩһʱȣӲʣһ
ǰΪΪݾߣǰ˴ɱĴ̿ͣӺһ·鵽żңط֡
̫һɵˣֲżң̫ӻڸʲôǱ߱ضҲ쳣ӻ绹ݾߡ
Ϸ߽˯ɡ
ӻӦһ֪ۡԼĺ·˵Ƿг룬ҲǱ˵ͣʣ¸ôӻ˼Ͳ
ûʵʥ裬̫Ӱƽµݱ˼ɵŵǲ١
ǰֱӱͳӼҺˣ˾һ룬߲ûӼǿƺܣȻһĺջأԣ¶ʱ⡣
ʵѪȣвʡ
ӻһ˯ȥٴʱѾҹҹϢ΢ˮξ¹Ӵڸɾĵذϣ紵Ӱҡ
ϷѾȥ˯ӻĽѹһˣƽȻѾ˯졣θߴѹסַĽϡ
ǺС㣬λھǸλεĵͽӡ
ӻͷЩԼ̫ۣû·|أȫ⡣ֻԼϲĻĴֻ߷
һֻ֣ƿ̫Դ
ͻȻѣˣûѣȥֱЩֻʶİצ
˻Żžҷ㳭ľ꣬
ӻƽϣҲˣô˯ˣ
ҵĵ̡С˯˹ȥ
лҪ˵ճ֣
·ӼҵˣΧб˵˶ţ  


22  22 
ҹˮӻ羱ߵĵĺȴȵϲۡѹСҲǱԼʢ˷硣
̾ŲЩʶӻСЩ
ջ˫ȣ͸¹⿴ſε
˯ú죬ƺһ㶼ʲô
ҲȷʵûǶ˵Ĺϵ£ỤסҲ
ӻ·˵ǷʱйôһĶҡ
֮ѾתǬɨǧѪȫͬڵĴڣƾֱŵõоĶӡ
ʹʷ˵бŰУֶκݶɻ٣һЩʤսۣǽЩΪ䣬һ
󲢲࣬󽨹ҵҲʷֻ뻤סͺԣܽ躢Ӻ
Ȩ֮󣬻Ǿò
㲻׾ͱסˣɵѪԵ֮Բûʲôˡ
ڸ˵һǸŮУֻһһ֮˵Ů˺ӣֶΣĸӶֻΪõͼ˲Ѫ
żҵĺڹЩ곭ҲûȥȻʺϹϵ£ˡ
ӻ°῿ϥǣ·ûʱƭĹСʱ㳣ἰƽս
ȳҪȲʲô̫ʲô˵ֻ˵ڸӰȫ
ᴹۣǽߡǻûм꣬ʵ۽вҽһѣǲڳ⣬βˣֻ
ӻЩõĳ谮Ǽٵģʵ۴δӼңƫУ̫Ӱ
ĵҲգ㲻Ҳֻһһ鶼û׼δȻ
ҹֳͣű´λ˯ʱ۾ڿ
֪ʲôʱѵģ۾Ƿʣҹ
Щӻ˫ֳڴϣֻȥԼƽ˯ɣȥϷˡ
ʲôҹ˯ȥűΡ
ɫ£סǰ½󣬵ҸȾͬ˯һ𡣡
ҶûڣϹʲôúôţߣָĶͷñ֢֮Ů
ӻ޻˵ֻһЩ˵İ֮ҪֻҰֻͷϳʲôҽñѧҽʮϴҪտ
ʵҽ鶼û
ҲʣʲôԭĲ
ӻĵ˵촵Щ磬ʱûע⣬Ƭ̣Ѿްʲôֲǲȥ
ڰֻ˵ɫܺãɾӻ綼ԼԼı顣
ĲУ̫ˣ 𣬡պҪսֻӪ
ӻһ٣߿΢΢ü˾ж㷢ʲô
˵ûͷûԣ˵ĻǷϻ
ͷ俴ڵģɽȴǸܵõûʲôţô룬ϻġ
ʣ֪ΪʲôȦ
ӻ˶٣һ䣺Ϊ˵£
²ƽ㸸󣬲ʵ˼רŵĻʼҺӵٶȿ죬Щ꿪Ĵʱ䷭һŲԼλãøЩֻϵζϲǵҪ̣ҲǳҪģ
̫ӻ߬ס½Ķ˺תͷܿϸüҪ˵±ú˵ôʲô
ŮȻÿ춼|Ĵǰ㣬ְϣ޳Ĳȥ治֪ʲô㣬ҶԸߣôţȴҪ˽Ѿ˺üΣһûҡ
ղ|ڣӻһյøЩЩ²Щ£ϷЩ¡
û˻ȥɴС浽飬ҲԵ޹ʶɣӻ
һǰ˵ʱŷ⣬ûأװռ˱˺󣬻ҪһûӲʵС
ûжӻ̲ס˵䣺ңЩ
㲻ˣһŮĴƾʲôܽǵĸѵȲŮ
ֱҧһļӻ˻һᶼӿۿС
㿴ɿں˿ЩĽѵûָʹҲС
һƢ˭Υ
ӻֲۣס۵ļʱû֪ûгѪ
üôˣ
΢ҧ쳣ҡҡͷ·ǣԽ
ӻԴŲ֪Ľڰı飬ʱȴȺˮ
죺˵ˣֽεεŮӡ
̫ãջ֣ȴʼԼ˵޿޿ޣôãôûѧҵһǰ㣿
ӻ粻ǰ޵ˣûԼᣬ·͵һסûʲôо
¹ˮһºڵϣͶһЩǳĹ·¶ʵţȼ⡣
ӻµʲô΢ţûڣֱ˻
ˣҧ⽿
ӻòײŻ飬ʱֱŪͷˣһ̫ӣ㣬̫񻰡
ûӻĻֱﰴӻûзϸײ
Ī¿㶼΢΢̧ͷûϣԹҧ컹£ͲͣҺúϢ
ӻǿԼú侲ңԽΥԽ𾢡
ֵסţ̧ͷǳӣ˺|£ˡ
ӻ˵һֱϲ˵ͬΪ뷨
ɫãûǿֻϡɫָһϵĨҵδ˵õģǺǵ˵һװϧ
ӻڰͲκָһ䣬ˣûʲô˼ԼڵĴ̫ױˡ
Ů˵һģû۲춼û۲ʱϵĻˣ˸Ӣ۵Ĺ
ΪĽͣ㣬봲ڽ̤ϡ󣬳סӻ硣
ҳȥϷô±ӽӻ̾˯ɡ
òţȻû£ҾȻȥ̫ˣЬ˵ʵ磬Ů϶ӶֽţӦʲôӦϡ
ӻΪԼˡ
վӻǰɸֵðЩ϶ҳҶױŪ˼־ᶨģûһϢ
ӻֻͬ˵ˣҷûֶ
лҪ˵￴˲֪Ůģȥİ
ǹѪģ
һvv
ԤģŮƭճ
տʮʱһԳԵ˵Ů֡
ŮԭϸССһȴǸ걬޽һ˵ȳش毺ã·úô¶¶ǣ屾ԡ
տΪŷŮԪġ
±֮Ǻ˵ɣ޳ܣ嶼ȥ
֦ſϣƤû̧˳˵úúãȥ
ȴһ䲻ǰڵת
˵壬û꾫Ӧʲô
úúãǺ꾫ϵӡ
һ񣬿ĸİŮ֣ϾŮһ  


23  23 
ӻ뿪ʱ һԲø߸߹֮ϡ
խСУϸ֦°߲Ӱ ڶһͣڼ˷ǰ Ŵ򿪣¶ɾİһǡش һСȺǰ ӭš
֣ǰʱ̣ ˵ ࣬ ȡͺķһʱ䣬 ڼ˷֮лԲѣû˸Ų
˾ϥֻôһ׶ӣ ʮҪʲôʲô ǸְִҲգۡڵϦϵҪ¶˼졣
󼻳ʵ ֶƽӹ³ʬλز͵ĹԱӶ࣬ܿ ֣еĵ͡ûô˾ᱣ
ϵİһ׮һ׮ ƫƫ֤ݶĨˣ ûԸ֤ˣ ˭ûа취
̫⣬ ˽Բҵλ֣Ҵӣʲôʱ˳ģʱ֣ҵıŮģҪصýЩ֣ۣպ޲ú˼ҡ
ٲһЩǱŮһ·ϱⱲӻĸ
ȱ˺һЩǵʥϵӣƽó裬ڻʵǰҲ˵ϻ
òǳĺദͬӻºͺͣӻ̫ߴþãӴ˶˵ɰۣȴͬЦѣ塣
ɫ䣬ƽҲ˼Į֮⡣
֣˵֪˾簮ӣӶһֱû֤ݣҲ֣
С˷֮еһԺϵɢ·ϵĻް¹£磬ϵʯ嶼
˷ԺĴҪӶһС˹ͣһſڣؽȥ
ؿһСˣŽȥ
һˣͷףƣ̬֮ȴо֣̳֮һԸ裬ڶϡ
վڣڵ˾ֵطͲ̫ӵµ˷𣿡
˾û˵֣̳֣ѹһŮ˳һؾȻ£˵硣
رŮˣɫñȷŻҪ֡
֣̳ЦЦɶ֣ᣬ֣ĳæѷС˻ʾ⡣
ػǷСŮ磬ǰʧɫѣ۾|ף岢ûԵ֮ɿԼ
ֵ˾˳|֪£ð֣˾дһء
˾⼸սĲ跹٣˼֣Ҳ˻ƵڣãᣬҲ
˴ۣﶼЩʲôࡣ֣ǿŮͷһأ˾ͻͻȥܶԱŭԡ
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ڵ˾̫ϣǳԲģ˾ܳ˾Ҫ£Ի
֣̳Ҫڣ˾̳ȥ
ɫ΢䣺ɸס
ǱҪ˿ţȥǷ˵˾˵Ҫ˵ȥ
֣̳ܳ跽һ򲻼֣¶ܲ룬˾ʮѪԵ
֣̳ظ׺ֳֻÿһأȥŹϡ
֪˾ʱܰҾ˾˾ȳؿżɽʡ
˾Ҳո֣̳Ĳ裬˵
ûǰһ֣ͬ飬˾Ǵˣçײֺӣɱ˵ĹΪ鱳һбˣѲɴ˾ôĲ׷
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˾أü伱֪꣬ΪɵµģҪƵۣǾͱҪʱ̳ȣ̫฾֮ʡ̫ӺòץѱҪһֱߴ٣ʱͻģܾһʬǡ
ɫ΢˾ԡ
£˾̫һ򲻺ϣѹסպǻ֮ʱҲʤ
лģҲÿƵġ¹ϣ˭Ҳ޷ľߡ
΢ȭ˵
˾ùһԵĹȣվ֣̫࣬ÿϾ۾塣
ڵĹȵһһߵǰڴ֮ǰ¡
ʣ˾˵ʲô
½״Ԫȥǵ£ôģ˾ͣʩѹʱǿҡ
ȴһֽճȭ䱸֮⸡ϡ
˾̧ļЦе²ýţֻʣ˵Ҳˡ
ضһϲ֮ˣҺ͸˾˵£ӻټκ࣬ͬ˵κ̫ᣬѹסˣʱûʼӦѾӦӻ磬ԥұûһ½Զ̵ˮȱĵط١
ΪǨŭӻ²ٹԱ˵˾Ҳ֪˵ˮ࣬ҲʵǰͨжΪ̰Ŀ޴󱻻ʵ۳ְն
˾ϸصı飬û쳣˵ѣŹȻλ
ӦҲ˵̳ȥɣûɣ󻹱̫ӵѵһ١
ʣǵʲô
˾µʲôҪҪµ̬ȡԼ׾˾ˣ̫¼֣Һͷңô롣
زӣ۾ֱӴ˾ȭ˵ֻȷɣ˾ô
˾м˵˼ͷϳȻԸ⸨¡

غʹ˾Э飬֣̳ͳšһǲͣĨᣬؾͺޣرÿԺпһۣջߡ
йҹѿ޵ÿιȥķͻطң֮ſʼԼ˽լǵȺ
̸֣̳ºͻݿ˾ֱӵ̫Сӣǳû֣Ҳס
֣̳ʮ֣ңҲжʮꡣ䲻¾ߣСҲ٣ԴΪϤ
˾ȿڲ裬ǴˣֻҲܾȷɣɵ
˷նʮ壬Ϊҳ֣ͬٸֱӷ·ֻд˾Ϊ˼ӣ
ѡضȥѡЩΪСĻӣΪߣܲϸĶܱǵҪ׿ơ
֣̳ü߽ؾ壬Ҳµˡ
µˣ¶ˡ
˾ȱĲһͷز£֮ˮһ¶Ƶ̫ǰ㲻ͶҲֻˡ
֣̳˵˵ȥ̫ĺ£¾ԸѲ˹ϵպ䵽УұضԲ˶ߡ
˾ûл
֣һֱת˾Ѿüҹܰ˯
֣̫ӺӻӾؾԲһΪ֮Ҳ֤ʵ֣˸йء
֣̳вãæȲ裬Ҳżҽ˵ƱǰҪϺܶ࣬⣬Ӧѡ
࣬˾ɿȥ
֣̳ԥ֣ô죿ƽ谮Ϊ˶Ӷǣ֣ĺҲ֪˭ģҪǱ߷֣ǡ
֣֣Ůʵϲ֣Ůĺӣúÿ֣մ֣ĳ谮ׯӻؾ;ͬͬס
֣ò࣬ŮԶޣ֣֣ĺӣǸھ͵ùܼСӵģҲûʲôá
ǽͷݣȫţ˾˵ӵµѺ˵ȥ
֣̳æ˾ȥ֣

ӻ类һٺ󣬰˲٣ڶһʱ񶼺ࡣ
ɫȷʵ֮󣬷
ǰӻ˵һ٣ﻰⶼ͸ɨǺˣͲֹ
ӻڴϣӦ¡
Ȼ͹ûԸӻúעӣֻ˷á
ȳ뿪Ϸ˲Ŵ̴ľóһͿ̺۵ࡣ
෽ѾһЩֻǳͻȻϷ˱㼱ææ
һʱһʱȣĥ͸ӵŴգҲ
ӻɾб⣬¶СԲϸ磬˿һߣϷ˸ϵӡĨҩ
ûأ||̵|ڹ|˻ȣסۣ¿ʱѾܿδѩ|ֵĳΣϾ
Ϸ˿ϸ|ۼ|ϵӡʱۣ϶ࡣ
ūҹЩۣ˯Щû뵽̫ӵ¾ֻͻȻ
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ɭϣ˳·Ҳ˳סϷմҩͿƽûƽ£˵кҲգƫΪƽʮϮЩҲھ֮С
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ʵ۶ʵڳ谮
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ǳƽΨһĺӣ۳ʲô£ΪӼҵһʱû⺢Ҫá
óȻΪʲôҲ֪
ϷֻǸС֣ҲûӣѰ죬뾩һ£òģһֱϣʵ̫ӡ
һһɡӻᰴͷ˭֪Ѵ
Ϸ˰һҩ𣬷Ż̴ľϻУӼ̺۲ͿӦþˡ̫Ҳǣ֪ϸ|ۣô£
ӻ΢΢ۣסԼ˿ڣ˵̫ӵƢһˣôȥˣһû䡣
СʱĹϵãʲôᣬ쳣ϽԼǱҪһԶ
ӻֲɵӣСƨʲôµõǾıðǡû̳аƽ緶
ӻ绹ûǰٳżˣżȻҲųһרű̻ܿʺ
ǵһμʱ֪ƽ򸮵ӣֺص˷ţɬд׼̫
ۣӻʱԼĿԲҪˣƫ꣬ûʲô˽װԼʲô̫תظ̫ӡ
ʵָҲ˭
ףּ粻ֲܿʮֲмƽŷ硣
ǹϵĪͺֿʼϵӻԼʶȤ⣬£ûһϲġ
ǰҲǡ
һźڣΪһһ뷨һֻһ֣Ӧ
Ϸ˼ӻ˺ü¶ͷǰ£̾һûüڣƽҴ⺰һ
Ϸ˺ӻһۣӻͷϷ˳ȥ
ŻʲôϷüʲôˣ
ƽϽϷˣ־ͻȻǿѲߣ˵ҹʱд̿ʹ붫̫ӵ̣̫ҽԺˡ
ӻһ٣⿴һۡ
ʱѾҹôڶ̣

ɫһƬϵ־ǰʱռӶһӻʱһֲϢ
ӻůͭ¯һߵ̫ӭ
һ°ֱۣͦʵסӣ˿
ӻϸü𣬱߱ʣ̫ӵô̿ץˣ
̫æ̿ͶѾԾ̴ֱ̫һѪ
ӻüԽǰΪǼٵģһ·Ͽ۷׷ף־Ҳ٣жʱһ˿Ծ
̫๬澽Ųæӻá̫޵ܱΧɭϣһ̫Ѫˮ޵µɴմȾѪ
ӻһȥᵽһɻûɢȥѪζ
㿿ڴϣɫ䣬ҽڰ˵ֱۻҩ
֣ܹһԵȺ϶ųӻæ񣺡ӡ
̧֣ܹܵͷ
ЩȣƬ̺üӲãôˣ
ӻ߽ϴѪɴʣô£



24  24 
۹ڻľϣ ֱ۲ϰɫɴ͸Ѫ
ӻվһԣ ̧ӣ СЩкЩζرС
Ǽ΢üֲ֪Ӧֻ ڴҽҩ õڵ̫࿪ͨ磬 ӻһ
û£ Ҵææܹʲô˵ʲô ʰɡҧɴ ԼԼֱۣϲ䣬 С󱻱˹ٴΣ Щ˿ڵĴ
ӻ齱ߣоֱϵɴ ̧ͷʣ𣿡
Уûֻ̫࣬Ѫöࡣ
ӻ翴־ۣƫԼûһ
˭˵㣿
һ̽ Ҵ⣬ҧϵᣬ ˿ڣ 뿪 ȥ˼˽լ Ҫ˵¡˵㣬˯̫ãҶȥ֣ǲʧ͵Ϯ
ӻû뵽ʱ˵ֻšü˴̿ͣôɣ˾û|ˡ
ûѾ׵ỳɵϣɣзִ硣˵߰ǰĶŵԲϣӻ⻰ʵȴ΢΢ǰ㣬ְŹȥ
üȴ˵Ѳǲзϣ
֣ӻǵҷЩ˵ЩûͷûԵĻҲǡ
ϵ£üĶûдꣿҵδһŮǰĲڶҷǵôЧȡ
ӻַϣůͭ¯̾ܲע£С·˵ʱΪƭңһ·Ļǲ̫õӣһ
һ£ȥҵˮ
ӻů¯ߣ£Ķģһ뷨ϵĲˮѾˣӻͷģһ֣ܹȲ
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ӻΣŲ豭߽һֻˣֱֻů¯ŴΧſȴҪιʮ
ֻվߣιĶӲã֣ܹܽôû²衣
֪Ҳڶæ̿͵µˣں꣬³æҲǸճԼڡ
ӻһ䣬ջȴҪȻû鲻뾩ͬ˵˵
Ҫôںʣ㿴鷢˳ְĴůͭ¯һԡ
ӻתҪѱӷСϣһֻͻȻӻһʱûע⣬һϣжڵϷ
ӻ类ŵȣֱָۣߵʲô
㱾ֻǿ׽Ūϸʱ̲סüմôôϸ
˵ֱףǰʲô˵ʲôӻ粻ƽϣǿԼ˵һֱˣһͬ󣬸
ֲôĪԼƣҵֱܻסֲ˼ңڿ㻹ԼԷ
ʵֱۻϸΣһ㿴ɵӻĶɤۣúܽ㱾û·һ½
ӻסҪһȥԣ㣬ʵ񡣡
һ΢ӻûȣͻȻ˽ֳûڵϡסԼƢԼδʵۣԺӼһ
ȴʲôûһûʲôʱֵ㿪ڣ
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ĴڱȻϸӻָ΢΢ʵ̲סˣ㵽Ҫʲôɿ֡
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ӻҲգ˿˵лȲۣԼ쳣Ҫһ
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ӻڴߣؿ¡
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̧ͷ˵ûţŷЩСˣ˿ꡣ
֣ܹ㶣æӦȥʱ죬붼ʱˣôš
ֱˣŰãո׽ŪӻʱûϣڱסҲ
ͨģӻȷʵЩܾס죬ֻǸŻȻʱѾ˺һᡣ
ſڴߣһϽһ㱡һֱ߬סԼϣݵıһ
ֲ㣬ҲûϢֻܿԲ԰׵Ĳ̽̽¶ȣʣô£ѾǵһΣѲǷ˼ѪȵĲ֢
ӻҡͷȣûϰ߹ǰϱӣָ׼
ȥģ
Ŀ
Ŀ뾩ǲԶǴеأӻ֪Լ׳;·˷ʱ䣬Ҳû뿪̫Զ
ֻҪҸ¼򵥡
ȴüУ̫Զصúü졣



25  25 
ӻͷۣ ԼҪȥΪʲôҪһˣ
ﻺ  ֿȳ
õˣְ˳űֻô ӻ˵ǴЩ
½ɢ ΢ μȲԵ ҲǵĽ׳ ϣ ֱʡ
ȥĿȥʲôӻûʲô ˾ǱҪӦ ͱǱҲƲȥ
ͱȥĿ룬 ҸģͲȫûߣ û߶ûˡ
ӻ絹ҲɵĻ쳣һԣ ɫ΢ʣʲô
Ӹս񽫾ĸۡ ˽̽ɭϣ û˻Ե޹ԡǴ˾ ҲӣʵֻһӣûҪһˡ
ʲô󵼵¡
ջֻü˵̫Զ̫Զô໰
ӻ洽һµ϶Լ
ֻ֣ܹܶ̽һЩ嵭ʳŷ׼ִ٣Ӽ¡
ӻĿζԵҲϲϲӻҲᡣֻһóʳҲҳԶ
ӻתͷ°ɣʱԣͬ˵Щ¡
ƢˣµҪͬ󣬵ԾͳȥߵĽƢ
֣ܹĪԸʱЩΪѣӻίʵΣ֣ܹܣѶ£ȳȥ
֣ܹܼûӻģߵÿ죬ںֻܿʣǶˡ
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ֲǲӣĿ̫ԶС
ȥһ˲죬㲻ԶǱɽȪˮ峺ˣӻһᣬ֪Լ˵ͨ̾治ȥǱˣġ
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ӻ㶣һ˼ǡ˾Ҫʲô
ñȱ𴦿죬ٶʱվ͸붬䲻Ǵ̵ĺʱӾڷȴʱҪ׵öࡣ
ӻ΢ۣ߬ɫ
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ӻȫ׼
ѲɻһʧܣüģҰҲд£˻ӼôֻҪڼͲ¡
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ӻԾǺʱûʲôӡ󣬺ʱϢƽӲֻ֪ԼԼ̫ӱ˰㣬Ըεľɼ
ü˵ûֺңҲ뿪ǣ̫ΣգȥĶȥ·ϡһֲֻι㣬ԼСЩ
ӻֲûѧÿӵСԼ

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㲻ƭӣҪô˵Ҫô˵Ậ
ҪôӦԣӻʵЩ벻͸
˾ӪפԶ̫ӾҲü˽
ǰھǳҲ֪嵽׷ʲôΨһĽҲֻʤߡ
ӻԼӣϷ˰·ȥһʵƣ룬Ӧ㱾òһͨ¡
Ϸæأѩ׼|ϵĺʱ۵ȥǻӡ
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Ӽǵװҩҷ𣿡ϷͻȻ£ū﷭Ұ죬ûˣݵСŮ˵û
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ܲСˣӻûϣһǡ
ϷЩۣǿӴСġ



26  26 
ӻ뿪ûã ȥ뼸λ˹
޵Щѹ֣֣ܹǰʱţ Ҵš
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ʣ һۣ ˵֮£ ¶һذɴ ɫȣ ˣ߶ ʣ֮£ λġ
мƽնǶ˷֮ʿ̫Ӿأ Ļʹ
̧£˵ղؾнȥŰɡ
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˾ڼ˷񣬱̽鵽²뿪ʱ˷ִˡ벻˳һ֣ʱյĿⶢ
´˾Щðգ࿪˿ڣ˾³ç֮
˾أı꣬СĽûκ춯ġ֪ǿסݹԶȲ˽𣬴ʱԥֻᱻţʶŵҪӷ
˾ͬΪټʮ꣬Ҳ˽˾뷨֪˵ûдǵܵõıʿǧӦ򾫱ֺá
ⲻѣ๧أϳǰʱ뾩ѣصذξϽȥԥڴʷڴʷǸ֮ˣ־Ч͢Щ䲡ʹģ֪ѣΪ½ѡ
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һԵĲºͿڣ˾ţ۰֣ʲôʲô֣ƣӦǾȲˣⲻǸʱ
˾˷֣֣ʮ˾ʹʧޣΨһĶӳֳ֮衣
һΪŮ˶ʧԭʵų֮ԣϲ̨档
˾˽Ӵֻ֣˵־ԱţǃȵҲܴ󶯣߹Ǹɣȱ˾ͬɱһǧ˰ٵУʱ׼Է⣬ǱߣҲͼλȰס
̫ǡλ̾ǰʵ۵ϳЩȴòϡ
ʵмӣ鷿ϵ۴δٹ¹ϺݾԶ̫ӡ
˾ЩΪ֣δ糯ϣѾûʵۺüδߡ

޵ɭϣһֻӬҲɲȥûõ̫סǳһʱ
֣ܹվȷʱŴæȥ
˵һͺ֣ܹܰͼλ˳ȴûߡ
Ҫ̫ӡ
ڵϢԾЩƣ磬ߵȴ϶˼Ҫӡ
̫ݽĲˮȵģ˵£С̫˳ȥ
ŵ·¶ֱ۵İײ游ʣֱ˵С
̫ӵ֮ȷз緶ԥһԣϹ֮ϳ뼴±֣۶ķҲѣιǣ
˶٣֮ãճδüأ˾ʣֻ֤ɲ֮佫ѱ͵ϣԼƿȫ֡
˵ɫûаֱ仯˿ڳѡ
ӻʱϣ˳ּ뻳УѺ׼ѬôҪûãҡ
ûһ˯ȥڼֱһٺ󣬾Ͱȫ׵Ժ
˾Ѹߣ֣زˣ䣬ȲҪöࡣ
˷Ϊٵطϻȼ̼ҵݲͼУҪ뿪ʱѲߣϷܣжͻȻ裬졣
˾Ƿ֮̽书ǿԣһǶ֣˲ѡ
Ǹңûֻһ㱻͵Ϯ̿е̼յյȲһҡ
ӻĶװȫһЩҩġ˾Ҫʲôܼ򵥣Щʱ䣬Ҳܽʱỳӻ磬Ӽ붫һ壬²⣬ضΪǿ
㻹ΪԼһʱʧӻܵǣֱô˾ΪӼҹϵãӻҡ
ಢûж˵Եģֻ̫漰ӼӵϣŻԵʱӹǺ
ֻǵ̫ӵµӵ󲢷һˣʲôзִ磬ʡ
̵˾ӶɣҴţԴҪϤöࡣһЩ·ű棬ɣ˵
ֿ࣬˾߶⣿

䱸ӻȥҹͬʼǿ˽µ
ʱ֣ǵѹѹҪ±꣬紵˵ϣмִ̹ǵĺ䡣
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ӻع̾һ·ЩѺӴ
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̫˵Ҳ£úڼҴţӻ飬ڴϲƭңҲûҪ֮ǵһ󡣡
ֻС꣬ﲻûĺӣЩ²ò͡
Ҳ̫ϲ͡
κòޣܴ̫б뷨ͬӼҺżҵķʱãԸڷƹŷѾöಽӣίʵżˣ˷ǵ䳰ȷ䡣
ʵ۶Գ谮Ҳð
ūȥҩʱ֣˵岻̫ã쿴ûʲôȴڿԲͣ
ӻһ٣̧ͷʣĸһ򿵽ټòֻ˵ʲô
Ϸҡͷû˵ֻ˼䡣
ӷ˲öۣ˵ģɻ䡣
˵Ī⣬ĸעӣҽʱҲû쳣ӻе飬룬Ϸˣȥ֣ĸûֵĶ
ӻҪúܶ࣬ƽϹս
ȷʵҲйڣǼ󣬺ڷּʱûɻˡ
¶ǸŮʲôҲץʱãȻˡŮֻǱãĻʹ˭û˲µõ
ӻºżйأϾԺɱȴ󺦳Ǹ̿ͣżҲѲ˸ϵϲû֤ݡ
ӻԣ֤Ҳûáĺżйأȥʵֻ֣֪Ϊѡ
зȴбҪġ
ðף벹ӻʼзӦʱԲ̫ණһԾ£ܲסζ
Ϸ˴ǰǹҽŮ֪һЩѹӵķӣŰҩŵҩ
ӦһЩ󣬳ԵҲȴǰ࣬˿ûʲô仯ȴ˵ȴǰˡ
ӻڶЩʱЩľ㷢ʲô졣
ϲӻƭһٻӼҡ
԰һֱˣǰӴŮӲΪӴͲ뱰˿ӡ
˲֪ϲãӻȴǲµõһ
ȲòҲܲŵǷ汸ֻҪµһ䡣ϧ˶ۣմѪҲ޹֮ˣʱֵǸɱ¾ı
ӻػһҪƽЩӣϣƭ˶ûкú
㴦󵨣Ӧٶȿ죬볣˲룬˲˶뾭ѵԳЧʱȴֲòһԶǴСǰ󣬵õʮΣϵ¶˼
ӻܾԼʧǴƾô룬ҲûǸ
ֻһҲաʱ˾ƣһľʲôǵã˵ʲôʲôҲûѾ˹ȥбĺ
⺢ӣʵ̫ʱˡ
ǾƣۣǱЩ|ЪϢϷ룬ߵڳϻ꣬Ҫˣūȥ˯
ҡͷأΪҵ²̫࣬úϢɣϵĵűУϨǵðѴӹغһЩ



27  27 
ӻһϷ˯ǰغô ĿľǷ
ĴίʵǶһЩǸһ̫ӣ 
ӻûôŮ£Ҳ˲ͽ
ʵ֤ǵЩ
컹û׺ڣ ո𽥱 ڸסһġ
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һϵûȣ ϸϣһ䡰ôˡ˼ ѿڶ
ü һϮȴΪͻĴʪǱ
ӻϵ飬 ϲŴӶ Ҫȥ ǣ ôһˣ
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꣬ȥҲˣӻֲܵˣôͲѵ
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Ϲ֡ӻ翴ʪ͸ʵΣֻ¸Ϸɡ
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 28 
ʵӻѡϧ칫 ԽԽ Ҳ ֦ڶ
Ҫԡ뷨ûʵ֡;ɸŮǰӻ࣬ ǷҪȥ˯
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֪ݵ˲࣬ Ѿʮ壬 ȥЪϢ Щˡ
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лҪ˵賿һһӪҺ
 29 
˸ӻԶ ڱʱ Ҳ˱סһ
һְ ûһֺһӻϵϢ̫Ϥûа㿹ܡ
ķӦƺҲ ͺܲĪĺºͽš
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ĸײϳţҲ˵㲻֪ӻ簴ס֣κ³´Ҷ֪˵ĲҲû¸߱ˣǲٱ˱˵ҵС
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 30 
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ӻ΢߬ӣЦЦϴδκ֣ûκ˵ʲôȥһҲá

ӻҪκңκ˶Żˡ
ӻ˲٣󲿷ֶ˽⣬ΨһľűŮ˻ҪƯԼ¸Ƨӡ
κԴ֮Աǣӻ̫ǰһģʶĴǰ򲻱Ƣº͡
ǰȴ˵룬ƫƫڼΪãκù̫Ӻһ١
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ӻףֵκּȻû£ұ࣬ҲǼ£κˡ
ݸߣκҲǰһκ࣬˵࣬ӳðӣ´μҷź򡣡
Ǿ仰һ˿вκ鱾֮ˣκ໹ûŪԼʲôʶֱͦӦá
ӻ絹û˵ʲôκſȥһȥ͹Źֵӹõʣʱ䵽Ӽˣǵ̫ӵ³谮
κ֣ӻЦŻϴ֮˻֮κԭ¡
ǺƢ˵ʲôҲЦԻضԡ
κ̳κ緶Ҿ̫֮ӵ⣬̫ӵδк³
ӻ仰ö䶼ӣҲû¡ҪܱһԻպ³ҲŷӸŮˡ
ڸͲ鰮
κּȻԸͣҲǿ˵ǵ̫ӵûзԣκӦҲ֪ԼҪʲô
ҲԼʲôκ֪Լȥǵԭ˵ǻӻġƳ̫ӹϵһ㣬ֻһˣҲͲԼ
ӻ粻粻һ
κ಻ӻ磬ӻҲϹ˵ã˵ԽãԽױһ١
γԵҪȥֵñ˵һ١
лҪ˵ˣл
޸һЩ
賿һһ
ҪȫĹ򻹿µģһԽҳ棬ϳ飬
 31 
ӻͣκҲţһܰء
κǲ κողйԸ ˫ֽ ӻͳš
Ҷ֪ΪӼң κ࿴ıӰ ˵ պʱ㣬 עһԼĶǱȥҿɲұ֤ᷢʲô
ӻ̨׵ĽŲһ£ ͷ ͻȻһЦͬΪ֮ˣ ۸ңҲ̫ӵ¸״ Ͼ̫ӵ³谮ҡ
κ ߣӴǰ ߵʣɫһ ӣ̫ӵģ
ӻ縸ƽߵ书ǿ
κϴúͶϵֽԼʹ˺ð£ κѵһ٣Ҳٺ˶֡
ӻȴʲôû˵òһЦ
κơ
ҹ¹һ꣬һƬ**ӻڶó裬̫֮⣬ƽӵݣҲ˵ͷֻκ֮廢˭£˭˵ܲס졣
ϣźǴΪصģҪȻҲκңҲ֪ʲôëҲ壬ʱӡ
Ҳѧ˱ͨҲ֪ζżһӡ
ͷϵ־ڽѲߣӻƿһ⿴ֱСճƺûܵ⾩ǵˡ
̾´ᣣͻȻǰ¡
ӻκСìܿʼû֪κҲôҲ֪ʲôͻȻ;̫ǰоģʼﰵò
С̫˾ˣ˾ͻ䣬˶ǻ˵ʱͣʱײˣΪǺڻຮѡ
֪ˣҲû£һֱܴ֣ûЩί߸˵ûκ˵Щȥ
߰Ըӻκһܣû뵽ȴԼһڱýġ
ӻ翪ʼʱйһִͺƶʵ¸춢Լɷ͵ȣ˭һ٣Ͳϲ
뷨̫ȤζӻǰʱʱЩֱ۾
ڲЩԭѾŮ֮£͵ȵĶŮ
ӣ䱦ˡ
⴫ӻְ̧˰ͷֵ̫Ķ
һϷ˸۽ѹζ
ʱһˣ䱦ӻʱͷۡʵڲ־ֻһԼ
ӻһȥǰӭ룬¥ר
ӻʲôҲûʣ档
ż䣬ǰԸ˽
ӻ£סߣûһ˫ֱס۾ͳ𣬡벻ͬκྐྵõ˵زǰҪЦһЦ
ӻˣڷһڸ
ûĻ˵סԼ۾ʣҪʲôطģ
游ĸ׼ļױ£֣㵹Ҳ֪ҳ谮㣬κͬ˵ʲô
û˵ʲôӻҡҡͷĸҸһƸ㣬⽫ˣҲȥֻκ顣
ģ£ߣԺҪ˵㣬ǣίҲ˵ֲɣô֪
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򿪴濴ֳ֡
ӻ翴ĶвõԤУ˺һҡͷ˵Ҳȥ
ͷֵʲôû˵ʲô
ӻ粻üʣ㵽Ҫʲô
㿴Ϸ¥´·¿ոպãˡ֣ҵ˽£ȥڣû˷ֵˡ
ҡ
ȥ̧ͷѲɻΪҽǴ鱦
ӻ翴鲻ã΢΢źĵطڣ¶࣬ȴֲΥ

ǸҶ£еĲΪ֪еȴղ
֣ڲϵң˶֪ˣȢ֣Ҳ٣֣ô˾谮֣֣裬ԼҲǸɶˣȢؼҲ
֣˲Ųһֱڼ˷֮Уס֮رأ˾º󾭳⣬Ҳֻ֣̳
֣ؾƮȻ֮硣ǵһι֣̳
߬ӣȥ̽һ֣֣̳ȿ
֣峯۾΢游ڼұɰסˣܹףһ壬տøס
֣̳֣ƵĲҪְܴҲֻһЩϸ֦ĩڵС¡˾ϵҪİ½ʲô鶼ûе֣̳ϣһֱԼ
֣̳˵ͷʣֶŮɺã
֣ḧӣֲ˲׳ºڸҹ£ʱġ⺢ˣܡ
֣̳ΪŮĸҪ˸кٲĺô
֪
ǸˣҲÿֹ֮˿ܲ˵ķ֮Ҳˣ֣ߴá
֣̳ôΪ֣ѯʽͬǰһʱ֣̾;ʹһ£û£Ƕ˵С˼̫Ӳ̫ҪԺӺá
֣̳˸ڳƧӣϢƬ̡
Զ֣֮˷Ѿˣһж֣Ϊ˲ÿ֣Ҳһӵĺһ֣ġ
֣̳еºȥһ֣ۡʱһУŴΧĨᣬ£ƺСЩǶ¶©һǡ
ֶŮúϢ֣̳߽˵۾ˡ
֣һ˽֣̳Уֻж壬岻ϲңҲøۡ
ⷬ󵨣֣̳ȴֻ̾һͷŮˣ֪㣬Բ׽
֣ĸ׸|Ͳܹ̻Լûʲô⺢ֻǶģǲҪĸӣǱȥ·
ɵӣ㵮Ϊ֣ʲô·֣̳ε⺢ǴģǱ˵ģ
֣忴ᣬҲ˵̬ʮ֣̳ڸ˷Ӧ㶯˼ϵøȴ˴
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֣е󣬵֣ôãͱ̳һɤӣӻ˶Ǻˡ
㱧ӻ磬ӻΪʲôӦôŮ˽ȲԼοһ谮ŮĴˣʲôû
֨ѽ죬ӻһֲ˵ֻд뿪
Ȼص䱦ʱʣһΪƤѾһ̶ȣôϷӷ
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εӻ磬ԼŮʱҲдϴҲʵ
ʵϣӻҲμ
ӻ˵ģ˵ʲôûֻ´Ҫ£Ҫٽҡ
ſˣĲԾüŮʲôǹֵ£
㲻ҪֶԺҲͬһȥӻԼԺͬȥԼǸɵӡ
ʾͲʣ´ֲȥֵطҪѪ㣬ԼֶˣüԽȣֶҪ̵ˡ
ӻҧˣ
ǳƢֹ䣬䱦ôãǲһЩܻңרһԺ챦ʯ׹ϡЩҲûȥ볤
ӻ߬ؿڵ·Լ侲ĸڼطϲݳ
Ҳû£ҪԼţҵĶҪǱҷ͸ŮҪ㡣
лҪ˵ܰҹĸ£ӪҺĿֵˣ㻹һ  ƹСġǰ塷by𰣬ҵ
üˣһЩ⣬үԼķѾ׵ﲻޣܵүǰȥ
԰˳Ź˹Լġֶϱٴλʡ
԰Ͷ˸Сβ͡
˵СβߣӾͳǰά԰ǰરવᣬ۵ؿô·ϡ
΢үӴ˶һů⡣
ĳգüļȻָˣűԼ˺ܾ÷үεתӡ
˺Ͳе԰ȴվˣϣЦһ᣺ռ˱ܣȶϡ
˫cŮǰҲûж
 32 
ӻ뿪ʱǺġ׹ûκô Ķ òա
һֱಡ 겻ʮ壬ͷڱ˼ҲǸʲôС꣬ Ầ
ڶɫ ƺĲʲô
ӻߴþˣ ˽ ߵʱ˵һ䣺֪ʲôʱţ ר˲Ů ֻͨˣ ʹ˵ңѾȥ ˣ ԶҪ
ǰ˵ʱ ˵ɫ̹Щ Ȼ֪һССŮҲֵҷС
ӻֱӻӸ㿿֧Ĵԣ뿪
ȹ˰ʱ ˹̫ӵǧ֮ǰδ̫ðա
תͷ˫ֱۣ¶һС˵ֱۣŰײֱʣ֣ˣ
ѳƲϣһʱ
ѹִ˾Ǿ˭Ҫӡ
ûʲô˽̸|ʱʱֳһĪȶȡ
ӻ类úܺãƽղӴְ¡һ˫ɸɾƢҲºͺͣ˵ʲôʲôֻС̹
ŮǴ죬ôûܾҲС
£̫ӵ£Ǹ˽ü
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Ϊ֣֣ˣʱƸ˵Ϊһ˽ݺĻӣһ֮ңеӵǻʱǷǴйĹ  㲻ôš
ӻ֪Ĳ֣ҲͲΪʲôպ󱻳ֻۣŷɥ
ͻȻʣҿ½췢˺üδĪǸоҪ
ŷԼû˵Ŵǽվֱȥ˱ԣֻЩ֡
ʲô
ҡͷʲôû˵
ֻô˵ϸסʱòСԼ²С۶ˡ
ҲѹŮڴȴǴ֮ӻһǷҲôǿǵģҪԺȢޱίÿ޳
ɵӻ̣ҪģűıۡԽǾͲһˡ
ʱΪӿӣźӦþͻˡʱһԹϴΪֹ»ҹǰԼɷˣҲʲôŮˡ

ӻ粻֪е뷨Ҫ֪µ÷һ䲻֪ν
ھǵĵ̿ƹһʯźСš
ӻ浢һЩʱ䣬ظ֮ҪȥҳСƽԱͬ˵ӣ˸ɮǰûǲҪȥš
ӻͣ˲ӣɫ΢΢һ㶡
ɮΪƽʱһ㶼ÿ³һڲѮûһ
˶٣Ҳԭ˵ĸӦû˼κˣҲգȥɡ
ӻӳʱ֪żҵĲϲ˵ǰ£̫ϣҲ̫ӣԸȫ֣кܡ
ɮƽԼġ
ӻ绹ΪûЩͳԼȥ䱦£ǲˡ
ƽӻȣǰߡ
ӻ̾˵ûʧ䣬ԼҲš
ˢ込Ҷֶɪ⣬ӻصԼԺӣϷַæȥůݡ
ý𹳹𣬴͸̫Ĺ糿ʱһڱεӣѾ硣
Ůڵ¯ȼ̼𣬵ȵůʱǲȥ
ӽȥҲ̫ЩϷ˸һůֵͭ¯
ƽ˵ĸɮ˹ڸûչҡӻϸ޺ϣᰴ˼
ϷʣӽճŸоΣж
컹ãֻǾζ仯ǰջϲ𣬽ճ۽ģƽóԲٱ
ӻӻó͵ĶСֽ̧ϵĴ멡
Ϸ˽ӹ멣ȥ̴ľϡ
ӻϻ̫ӵҽԼѡĸ׵Ķ׹ĸڼҳط̫ϲЩֲòաҼǵ̫Ӵǰһ֬壬ͬǸһ𡣡
׹Ϸ𾪣ǰʣ̫ӵºͳϵֲãôͻȻ֣Ѳ֪㡭
ŮҵĶӻãƽֻ̫õΡ̫ͻȻôԵĶ֪ʲô
֪ӻҡͷֻǽȥЩ˵˽£⴫ЩСĸס
Ϸɣǽͳķӻ硣һӻ磬õ׼ǰϻС
ӻﱧů¯Լ˱Ȳȡĳ磬ϢɾɫҲҪöࡣ
Ϸ˴ľϻ󣬰ƴϻװŴ챦ʯ׹ֱֱӳӨ͸ӺݻϷȴоҭһڣʱӻ˵̫Ӳ֪ԭ
⾫µľϻⱦʯǴģҲϡ棬ֻʺ͵ϸˣСʺʽ
ӻ翴뷨΢΢ҡͷ̫ϲʵЩģԽԽãЩСɵĶ벻ۣϰ߾ͺá
Ϸ˰Ѷ̲ס̫ӵԺҪˣҲֻǸʲô֪ͷ࣬ζҲټ
лҪ˵ֱУѡ
챾ӦµģٽµʱǰɾˣҶῴԿһӰ죬룬дʲôǿʲôɣϾ湷Ѫ̶Ȳһ㹷Ѫ  ҪǷдָֿЩĵģַ  ߣ٣ϣ߱΢ߣ
 33 
ϴ֮һֱģ żη磬 Ҳ硣ӻϴκֱ ڸд˿£ﶼû
̥һ¼ã ڸҲûʲô󶯾óȻڼкҩ ֵĸ̫ 㡣
ȥ £ֻ֪»
ӻֻܵȺʵʱ
Ƕ֣߳ ƵƵڽ ǰȥ̫̽ӱܣ ڻȥ·ɱˣ̫ͼıӵϣ ֹ ִ̫ݺɣ ɱ֣¡
Щ´̫죬ôٶ۵ϰҲ𽥲˲֮
ฮڳһĸ· ܱ߶ݲ͵ĴԹϣظ֮вʱĿ
һŷ˱ǰȥ
ŷ˼޽żѾʮ꣬ΪĶŮ ŮλΪԺգһȻʺ󣬵̫ӣһǼ̻ʺϥиŹ
ฮڲй͵֮㣬ฮרӣι֮á
ŷүŮ˵̫ӵ¡
ŷʣү塭
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Ȼ·׵ԺҪˣ㽻ˡ
ŷ˵ıһᣬͷô˵һֱڶˡ
̫ӵµûʲô󰭣һӣѾõò࣬΢΢ͣҲõңϷС궼ȥˣҲ׼
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ʣʱղ࣬ϲ֣ҡ
ŷ˵ؽһЩ˲λظ澸˵½սأ˯žּٳ̽
ֽ̺أǵСŮʵ볤ãʮȱĶҪι̣谮ԳопˡðҲܵ顣
ʺһ֮ĸɳһЩ£ԵĶԽƫżңʵ۴δ£żԲҲƫ
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ҳٶ࣬ϵĲҲѾв˾Ͷϡ̲ɿŷɣԴɱ͢Ѻδûʵʥͣ˭š
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ֻڵӼңŷ̾˵ʮӼӣӳвҲżȻΣֻòԶԶʤڵ곤Ҳ˳˳Ҿʮִ̫Ӳºģ̫ӣоģ鲻ʰ
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ŷæ˳űӽΪΪΨһĶӣϽɱ
ŷ°˰֣֮ʡ
ŷæȥˮַԸѾȥҩ

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ʵҹڴ񣬽ЩҲû¡
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ӽΪڵĳϷ˸ü·ȥʹ·Ǵ·Ӧò˸ʱ֡
ҲȫǵĸסɱκţھԵʱƽҲѾʱӻӶԷɸǲ˶֪Ϊȷ˾ᣬ£һ뵽鷳ӣָоֵֹġ
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ҡͷ̫Ӳܻ䣬ǰأ֮ǰ³çЩֻΪѣؾн
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Ԥϵõ֤
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½ټ̫ӣ̫Ӳڶ֮У˾ѾֱƻʹԺ̽ͷ͵Խ£ʱ׶༪١
˾ǽ֮ˣӲ׼̣ʱ䶯֣֪һ£ѹ
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ƽСܽڱӣִ֣ǰ˵ȥ˷һۣ
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һǷһûȹ֪ͨӸͻȻ  Ҳŵ
 34 
ʹеҪӻϾö࣬˾ҹѾʼ ʵ óǰ빬
˾˽ػʹţ ǳлʵʥ̬ͣǿƣ һܳ ֻû뵽һ ֣̳
ʵǸĻʵۣ ӹɣ㲻żʶ˲壬 ״ˣ ΪΪҵģ һȺҺϳһöӡ
ҹһƬ֣ ʹĴȴƻͨ ֮Сʵ޹鸣֣ Ѿ־Χǵ϶մѪһߣ ѪζѬǡ
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ӻʵ޹ʱǰΧһȺ־һЩеӪ
θߴ󣬴һ۳ѥѹڣż䵶֪ʵ˾˼߲ơ
̫ӵ¶ǣ˾ֳϣ»ӹݺҳ̫Ӳ|ߺֵܣ˴ɱҶ˸ΥĻʥΣ֮УκֻϳϳлΪ֮룬ط֮⣬̫ӵλ͡
²ƽǣһȫ˭Ϊʸ֮ģǻַ˾幥ʹֲԻʵ֣Ҫ˳
ҪλãβԼڶûӰѲΪ˾Ѿˣ
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˯˾ҪǵɣŸʣ˾Ҫ
˾̬ɣ̩ⷽɽǰɫ䣬侲أװģҲǲܡ
ߵ־ͳǰͳȥӣȥԥ֧Ԯżǵס־ͻǵˣ͵һڿ϶ˣʱǰó¸ǰȥ̫Ӽͨı죬Ҳκβס˾Ҫƭ
ȴûǵֹڵգֿ˾˭Ҳʲô
˾ҪԼλą̃ףĲࡣ
˾ۣѹֵϢ
־ʹͷӲҲֻ̫ӵ¡
תͷû仯ûˣҲӲˡ
־ʹЩŭ˾ֵ̧סεƣ̫ӵԣϳֻǷӵΪЩּϳּĵһ
㲻ÿɷ
˾Ϊٶ꣬ϵͻȻһЦ̫ӵ˵ʱʱ䣬ѲɻڵȾȱȼݣ
㽣üһ֪˾˵ʲô
¸ͳҲûжˣ̫ӵָǴɲء˾һ־ν򣬡Ȼ²ʶȤӿҲ㣬Ҳ̫ӵˡ·ϳԸ
һֱڰնȣе¶ƣԼֻ¡
ĺ޹ǰƣ־˻û֣֣̳ӱ󲽹
մѪ·ܿŽʪ⣬·ովһ|ҵɱǴֵġ
֣̳ȭףǱѾ¸صǰͨһǱرأӬҲɲȥ
˾ɫ˱䣬㣬ȴ֣̳ǴӪѾ
֣̳¸Ѿ˰ΧʹԽӣӺ
˵仰ǰţӪѾѾǶơ
㲻ͨˣʵԲ
˾֣̳˵
̫ӵ¼ȻѾ˽֪ԼʲôҲӦ֪˾ͻȻӴںּλӡ
䣬һѪͷ­ͻȻм䣬Ȼ־ͳͷ­
˾һͷ㿴һȾѪһ־ǻǰ
ý֣˾ͼı̫ӵɱ
˾ӦѸ٣أأ㲻Ҫˣɱ̲йѺģ׾˾˵ϡ
ģֻص֪˾ģ˾Ѿذˣ˾߹Ǳϼ˾ƺδ˵ڴ˶л˾˾ʱĺϡ
γĵ־ʹһһ˾СģȴûϽǳȥûüĶ˫Ŀɴ󵹵أؿֱֱ||һ׶
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ߵĽ⣬ڳ˶ûж־ӪͬҲûָ
˾Ȼѣָѣ㣺ʲô
˾˵žˣΪ˶Ӱ˾˾˴һ٣ƺҲ̫ʣ˵öлһ˾Щû糯ĹԱ֮ϣе˵Ӵ󣬻ҳûݿĵţǶҳ֮ˣֻϧҵĲǳ͢
㲻Ƥӵ»ˣоôõˣ˾סŭ⣬ӾҶѾأ˽ͬûд󶯾ôܣ
Цһ˾Ҳ֪ƽģôͲܸǧˣôܲˣƽմӲȺˣǴӲڣӪˣǸҸӽµһ򾫱ȣ
˾Щ٣ûңܣʵӽˣû֪
Ųɴ˾վñֱϲκҲ˴˾ʱ䣬ɱ¸ִӪ˷פء
ܣ¸·ܣƽˣҲң˾ĻͻȻһ٣һɺͻȻӿϱʹе⣬ʹ˲ܵڶûж
ٿȻת֣̳֣̳ϵĽڵѪȴ˼Աߵ־ν׼˾
˾˵˴ɱ֣ʵ򲻶ԡ
Ƶأֻ˵һ룬˾ɵӣŭģѪĭȥ֮ŭ֣̳˵
ֻǲٳȥǣķĻֻ֣̳˵زд·Ǹøмҡ
ͻȻּʿͣ˾Ϯɱ־ͳ죬ҹǣɱ־յɷն̣壬֣ةףˡһ塣
־ν˾˾ֻм̵ֿûã⼸ͻȻǿѪҡΣûŶãȡ
֣̳Ȼ֣Чұ£з֮¡
˾˽ԼӵĺݶѪĭؿڣָŭüӣ
˾ͿˣҲǹ̵ģ֣̳Ц˴֮⣬˭ӣײҾֻе
¶ǣ¹ɢڵϣ˾̱ϣʱҲԼ˳ףͻȻתЦҽհˣҲˣӼ֪ʵΪݱط
ſѪֻĻɥȮ֮ԣֱ߽ͦʶӼĿã˾Ĳʱѹȥ䡣
ѹĴ˾뿪˾ȴͷݺݿ֣̳һۣɢڵĻ谵ʬ֣̳ǰߵ״ɷģһһ뿪
˾޲ðƤ
֣̳ȴʲôû˵һת£ȭ񣬡֣ĳδ̫ӵ·Ը·ôջٴУ»ӵģ͵ӽ͡
ʶ࣬˵֪ӻϵã׽֪ӻ翴֣¡
Ǳ߱˵ƽй糯ʻν㣬ȥϢֿأƽƽ
֣̳֪˲ϣûв廰ȥиȥ¡ϰλû˵ֻǳ񣬽޵
ҹķһ⣬㿴֣̳˼뿪ĺڷƬ̡˰Լ첲ͼΪ|˷ܸС
֣̳ڴ˾δãʮΪ֣鷳ȴɴССĳة֮λκһҰĵˣӬͷС
ƽ˽Ϊ۸رɭϣиӪפء
ƽǸɳȷʵھһ֮ʹ
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һǧˣһӹ֮ƽԳİ֮⣬֪
ھ˽һµǲģ˻ʵ⣬Ҳ˵塣
ӻ縸׵ս񽫾Ŵ̫죬սҾϣһ˽ػǣֻ޶š
ǰͿʼӴ֣̳ԴΪ֣̳ϹҰĵģ֣֮£ȴԶ֣֮ϣ֣ѹţⱲӶûгͷ֮·
֣̳ǺܴûäĿһ֮ԣŰɣڴ˾Ӵصʱͬ˹ϵ֮֮ѡ
Ⲣǳ֮ƣĿǰԣ򵥵ġ
֣Աһˡ
ĸ׺Ҫ֪ûؼңָųʲô
֣ܹԽѪܹæ̫ӵ£ź֣˽ӣ
ͻȻһ١
лҪ˵Ҫɱӻ磬Ϊ췴ĸʴΪʲôӦòµõ
̫͸֣ҵϵϣ֣̳Ҳˡ
ݺģΪ¾˾˾̫ࡣ
ǰ̫Ӵԣ̫£Ҫ̸̫£̫Ӿǿ˳  м
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̫϶زۣҾܶû˼ǵ  ƣ61µ׾ȻӪҺоorz쿴ܲ˫һϾŵ  ɬ̫ӵһθɹҪȥ͡Сѷϲ
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35  35 
˷һʱ䲻ͬյ 찲ϸӼž
һ˿ӻ类ȥ һͻȻϣ΢΢㣬 ֣ˡӻֻ΢΢üһ˽տý˰
µ˽ͳ죬ף ոǿ ͳضɽ
ӻɫƽ һ֣ҹ ұǿ֮ͣ٣ Ѳ֣֮
ӻ㸰֣Լ֣ ʹҲ⡣
ԳΪҪЮ ҪӻһǰȥԼ òǡ
δӣ ӵӻһĴ ľε֣Ӻڰһǳ ŸԺӻԣ ƺе㲻̫
ӻ翴ֻʣĸںδ
֣룬ɫĪЦЦ׳Ǹˣȴʤࡣ
֪ʲôط֪¡
˾ţԸκ뿪ʹߵˣӻĻ׽ùܳģֻҪӻ֪Ի
ӻüҹЩˣ⣬Ŵ멣סӡ
֣ÿμܾһ־֮ɫֻԼ̫أ岻̫Ķ
£ƽ˲ʪ֮С
ӻסüۣĸײ֣ʲô
֣𼱻ǵӣڻû˴
׽ʱ˵̫Ǳͱʮȫʬ֣Σ⣬ͷڴȴӻ绹Ҫ࣬Ӽ֮أԶû̫ʹǳ£ʱ㷸˾ɼڽҲûκεҡβ罵֣ң÷ݳ谮
ָ΢㼸ľεķ֣ӻðһЩͷһۣЩ°õס·
ӻȻ֣ϲзѾ˾ȣǾҽ벻
Ǻӣǰֻǲ̫鷳˭ܵġҹȻ١һոǿ׸ߣҲֻΪ˷ֹ⡣
뿪Σ֣һĿǶ֣ҵĶߵһʱߵһ㸮ϵ˽ٶ࣬ѵܱȵùרŲùӪ
ӻһ£˽¶֣·˼ˣһ㶼ûûĸ˻ΪҪһ˶þӪĽʿҪ֪һ
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̫ӲӼҲֻ֣᲻ӻˡ
ֻ֣Ҫ뵽ۺ촽ĵģ;ÿڸѪ|У˵Ŀڴʹ̧ؿڣԱź˸ϽһҩƽϢҪ̫
ӻڰ۲ܣİ̽٣˾Լӵĳ谮ûޣЩ书ǿ֮ȥҪЩѡ
֪ʹôҲûָܳʱֻҪڣһж˵뿪Ҫġ
֣֣Сÿֶӻúã֣ź򱾽ԿϸƤ|⣬ûζ󱾽ڴϰ㣬͸֪
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ʲôѣ֣֣ӵĶעԼҲǲˣҵ⣬̵ܷúãʹͲ١
ӻ绹δ̬ͨСһװ˼Ҵܹ
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ʹŽգûκϢ⴫֣̳ڹʲô֣ʲôҲ֪ûлɣתÿ죬һܲʲôϲΡ
֣Ҫȥս΢£һ쳣Сġ
֮䣬ýն֣ͷ­ѪҺ罦֣ıϣͷ­ֱֱԡ
һз̫ͻȻڳ˶ûôӦӦİҲõ
֣źСɵˣѪӴֲ£ڵӳһӻλÿһС̶֮⣬˺󼸲ǽŻü
వ׷׼ȴŲæվִ˾ʧܣط֣ة֮൳֣Ƿ½˳ةة˿񣬾ǡ
Щûеֱֱȥʼδ˴󺰵˾֣ǲΪ֣ةǣ
ӻ绺ĵԴ˾Զӵĳ谮ŵĶ̣ô˻֣̳ͨҲ֪
ܵ˲ֱ£ӻȥӺˡ
ӻ类׻ţɧ|֮ߡ֣ɱ֮תͷӻ磬׻֮ӻָ첲һ˲Ѫ
ڷ䣬ӻǴû֣ͻ壬ʲô
û뵽ͻȻ˿Ĺչȣûײһ˻
㣬ӻҧס
Ҳû뵽ӻ磬ֻסᵽŨҵѪζסƢ־ߣɱۣ



36  36 
ӻ첲ϵѪֹ Сͱų󣬻ͷˣûס⣬ 
ϴαҧһͲԾµڸ
ŵģ ӻ˿ڣ˻һֱ뿪
ӻӴ࣬ҡͷ ĸģ
㣬 ղű֣̳ˣ ֪Ϣ
ȷ
졣һ
ӻó 첲ʵ̫ۣ۵ͷΣ 嶼΢΢ȴʲôߣ ҾС
 Ƣһ仰ʱܳ㻹ˣԺֶǲǻź㣿
ӻ̲סڶ 
ְǰ˹һΣ Ѫܵģĺõô졣
ȴ ڻ
Ⱥ ӻϢʱ;˾ æȺ򣬿˵ӻ籧ʱɫ͵һ䡣
ȴûߣûӻ˵ǣֱԼ
ȳӦʱѾʼʻ룬һæȻȥ
ӻУͷεֻܿϣĳϸϣӲоһ˿Ī⣬ĸ棬һȥҲҽ
Լ﷭һڰֹѪĶŵС֮ϣӻǰ
Լ˵żзﾭҩ
һ仰û˵־ȥӻ·ֱӻˡ
ס֣Ҫĸס
Ų
ӻ粻֪ΪʲôͻȻôȴҲ˽ӣַֻ˵ֱ£סؿڣмӣ䣬Ū·
ֲֻüС첲·ӻҧҿԼ˿ڡ
Ѫʪ·˺һ֣һƤܰףֺһϸûаļ⣬һıһֱߡ
˿ûñܿҪ
ӻܵõ㶯ᣬҩ|˿ίʵۣӵ֣ͬʱһĪǴĵӿϣԼȵġ
ת΢΢ҡεУСظҩƽ³Բȥ֣̳ϵûűܣû뵽㾹Ȼˡ
ӻðһ㷢ȵıӦһ˺ɴһȦȦϣӻоȫ¶ڷȣֻбطЩ⡣
̧ͷһֵȺüʣ۵ôᷢգ˲ء
һüڣӻ绺ҡͷʲôû˵Ľëմź飬һС
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֣ȻǸ°˼ˣӻ˽ԼڵķӦҲ֪ߣסԣĥһ١
СҩԵ󣬶ԸҩķӦô󣬵²һʲôҲǲµõġ
ӻ۾ԼͲ㱧ˣһ˸ȥˣֻϣ㣬ҽǺ¡
ģźܣ۽ǶˣҿСƢۺúϡ
ӻûֻ
βߴ˶ܱܿ͵ûµġһ㶼أʱ䣬Ϳǰҩ̶࣬
ӻǻһ𶯣ҲһءǴ¯ʣʱʱ̶̿Ⱥȴûȣֻܵһ˵⡣
ҹˣȵòУðĺ࣬·ʪ͸ˣκζӻͷļ򣬴ںüԽ֣ʲô
ӻûסĲͻȻһ٣ͷ㿴ӻϲȥСɵͷĪӿ֡
ҲɵӣʱͲµӻô£֣ģЩֶζǡ
üͷ֣ܹܸ˵֣඼©һģ־ϹȥҪʱü˵ûˡ
ְ̧ǿմˮͷڻһЩҲûȥ
ַⶾɢڱŲˮιӻ衣
ܶǰģʱЩҴ٣ʱ֣̳ûԺ֣̳׷˵Լȥɱ֣
ֵܱϣ֣̳ȴͲ֣ʱ֧֧ᣬҪ֪ӻҪû˷¡
ֶΣֶû׼ô̿ͻ˿ʵ
һס˵ֱۣҶıϸ۲ķӦûоҩע㲻Ծе
ӻǺÿģСͱȱ˾£ǺģŲۣҲСʱΪŮ
ҲʮͣоԼƽϰ̫Ӳ||ģʱֻԹ۳ޣ඼Ҫǻ
ӻԼôӦٶҲܵдĲһо
£
ӻǰһʲôʲôֱ־Ҫȥؿ֤
ӻȴʲô̧ͷˮۻˣһʱҲܲæͷ磬ﲻ˵һֱӸҽ
ʲôû˵ֻǵֳţ̧ͷ촽
ӻʲô㲻֪˶סˡ
ҲֻǽôͻָʲôӻˣʲôΪĶҲġ
ӻı˭˭ǿԸΪ˲ǰӦǲġñԼԸⱻ£ºһû
ҧһڣ鷳֮װʲôûôнңҰ㲻



37  37 
ӻǸҩӣҩӰ죬 ǲ Ϻ˽ⶾɢڵǰˡ
Ǻʵţ ָм䡣Ȼס˵֣ Ҷ
˼һȻ׽ Ϊһ̫ã һ㡣
ˣ
ӻ翪Ӧһ
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̫ӻ΢ еۣʲôҲ˵
û˵Ҫ ҽͺˣҲ죬ûǿԼֻǰۣ ²Ĵ ֣̳Ҫ֣ײ˻ң ԺһС
ӻ˽ ֪ڸ̨£ ߬· Ҳʲôûֻʣ̫ӵʲôҪʵģ
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˵ķһû㣬ֱֱȥ
ӻ˶٣εôЩֵ⣿
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кι֣һ֪Լ˻ᣬǺ˵˾ﻰʵǹܲ䣬ֽŶûԼϳĺζͱ˲һҲ֪ô㡣
ֻӻʵ̫࣬û˼ɷܣڻһĴ
°ͣʣǲ̫ˣ˵
ϴ̫࣬Ǹ¯ϣҩЧˣӻڵҲů͵ģ붯
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ӻ΢΢ڣ˵̫ˣʪģС壬ߣ׼Ҫ㡣Ҫǻݡ
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ӻû˵ǷŵͦǶҲܿ˵͵һ

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ɫڳûӻϵҩĥֹʹֹѪķĩܶûʲô⡣
ûͨСеΪѣֱ˵·
ãȥ
üӻʹĸһڸ׵ϣɶһǹĵģҪңпҲĸ׵ġ
㲻ãȥԺ󶫹žͲýˡ
Ҫĸȥ״ԺĲٽˡ
㱻һ䣬߳ĳƢҲ˭ȳģûҩûⶾɢȥǰɡ
ӻ̾пȥ㡱
ӱ첲ŰײѪζأѾûѪ
ӻĶЩײײס֣ȫûģݡ
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ֻҪҧӲģٻҲûã
鷳ִۣüӺȥ
ӻ綼ûü˵ʲôͱĵһҪ㣬̧ͷȻڿǡ
־ǹվһԣһ·Աߣ󣬾ֱֳ˲أҩ˺úûš
ϵղû̫㴽ϵӡ壬ͰͣǸողϵӡӻ밴Լ۵üģö죬˵ʲô
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ӻ翿ϣʵڲļǹ
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ͬ·ϣǳרƽֻӣӻϷϡ
ҩҩЧ󣬲ʺã˵ۣԺʹϾѹúܵͣӻһ£ΣŵøϽ
˶٣ӻūԵҩȥûûۣס
ӻ翿ڣͷ΢۾ڷһϮǰľеģһ뿪òС
ϲǱؼףŮû˼ĹҲ׽
ƢһһС˭ײ鲻ã챻һ߽ˮﶼټϵ̫ʱҲйС
̫㣬Ҳ֪ҹйƢûֶţֻ˵̫ӵҪʱ䣬ûعú¡
ڷʱ࣬Ͱӻߡ
Ҳʡ͵ĵƣվһԣصҲǣظ˰װˡ
ĸסӻ粻ǳԺ˳һһǻҲǵ̸
ԣҲٺ˵ͷ
һӻ塣ֻԼ嶼ûʲôָǦһ̧̧
ӻ类ڰޣ˯˹ȥ
뿪ÿ죬Ӹӻ򣬡Σ
ڵĹ΢΢ҡΣźʵʵ̺ӣøɾɴӻ˿ڣӵ˲أÿҩظɡ
ӻЩ££ϵĴ멣ʣΪʲôô
˿򳤹ɵӵƺЩ⡣



38  38 
ӻҩа˯ã ӻ˯һ ʱѾϣ 峿Ӵ¶
ʶƽҴʵԼϣ Ѿɾ¡
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޺ϣϸǱ ڷҽ飬Ϸڵϣƺѵһͨ
Ȼˣӻ̾
Ϸˣȥɣĸ׵ġ
΢̧ͷϷ˿ֹӻֻҡҡͷ뿪
ȥ˻
Ϸ֪Ƕ˵Ļ٣ֻϥ뿪 Ϸߺ ʣˣ ľԲϵѾˡ
ȿڴϵӻ磺ģ
ӻ˶٣ϣ˾仰ص֪ݡ
ҧģɵӡ
΢΢ָ߬ⶼײ|ӻϵô֪ӻô죬ԼΨһܻһЩͬÿÿᵽ㣬ӻǿҪ̫
ӻŽ̤ᣬֵһ䣺ֻѣĸĶŮ鳤
Լϵҽһԣӻ磬Ѿʮ壬꣬ʲô£㻹Ҫǿ𣿡
ӻû粵ͷ֪
ͷʲô̧ѵֱôһ죬ӻһҵƽղ̫ͣӱ־룬ͿΣ·˵Σ
ӻֱЬûűĵذ壬ǰ£֪ĸײ֪·һֱʱ뿪һˣ̫࣬δԸ
ŭˣסؿڴǾҲᷣ㣿
ӻϴѾ׼ҩʵĸɽԲϵڣд
ϲżҶ꣬Ѿڹ̫ȻʺŰӸᡣӻǧû뵽֣ϡ
㿴ȵҰ֮㸸ףżʲôԼ֪ɱˣͿ
Ļӻͷ͵ø£ͷϣ˵ʲôͶǽƱ磬ֱһٿġ
ðҽڵϣҵӻԱߣס죬߬סϵ·
ǰģԺŮСȫˡڴӻ̧̫ͷסؿɫףæϷˣĸף
Ϸ˾ţӻæŽ
ӻסϷϽѨ˺һŻԾòУ߬סӻֶ
Ӳˬ죬ĪҪϷȰӲѣΪֳҩòˣαģҲӣ̫ӵµĴ
ֶ鵽ز÷˭˭Ӽ޿ûҲҪ֣
ӻԼԼһ˿Ծ˵⺢ҲҪģĸ׼ȻѾ֪ɱ
Ϸæҡҡͷټ˵ӻһͷˮ֪ʲô졣
ֻЩ۵ģõҩͣûʲôʹ˵ҩºһЩֹʹ
±¶𳤹ŭ֪һֱóֹ֪ڣԺ»˿
һ뷺Ŀҩӻվڵϣæ˵ӸӲãȥЪš
ӻ紽ɫ԰ףҡҡͷҲ
ȴҩ룬ӻ˻ȥֱܾˣ˽ⶾɢӾڶЩʱնþôڸвҪš
ӻԼ쳣Ľţסô£
˿˿ڣ⼸һּȥɽΪ·ȶ֮뿪Ȼ˵㲻֪ݣǱţҪټ
̾Ҫ˵ӣȺúӣ̥ڲðպֻ֮ҩỵӡ
ӻ㶣ڲܺȣҪϣȥ·ݾʹˣʱӶˡ
΢΢Ȼĸʲô˼⺢Ҫã
סŭ֪ҪãΪʲôֲѲɻԺвң
ûӻѺ仰˻ȥһǵҵӣĸ״ɲأʹʹ̵ȥ
ϷҽŮԣһԶӻҹǲأڵˣӵҩԺǲЩ²Ȱ˵
ӻԭء
⺢ӳ͵֮УҪմϰӼйص¡

ӻ˶ƢҲû鵽ô¡
ӻһдһ죬׼ţҹʱϷƣܾ
˽հ˶ٰӣЩȥϢɡ
ϷԺҽŮƽֻչΪһٰӣеŭ⣬Ҳó
ҲϷ˷µ֣̾һƴȨ̻ʺΪ֮˵ҲӲ档
ӻڴϣ˫ֱϥҡҡͷ˵Ҳµĸ׻лҲ׼ȥЪϢɣҵѾҩ첻ٵƣҴ˯ˡ
ϷӦú˯һõԺ¡
պô˭Ҳ˵壬Ƕ˵ҪѺͳȥĻӻǰģ⺢ӱͲ˭ڴףĸײҪĸ
°῿ϥǣۡ
Ҫһ̳ˣֻɲڣʮݺ󣬳Ϊѡżմκιϵ
ӻֻ֪ƽ򣬷ָԼĳ谮֮٣ƽΪȣѾûˣڳлҲá
ɫһƬָֿͻȻ̾ԼˣЩСԣȻ뵽ϡ
ҪǲҲûҪȰš
׼˯һʱһֻͻȻգӻٿһһ֮ϣ
Էȴʣôȫˮ˿ôҿɴûΪۿ޹
һ£عɻ󲻽ҫˣλС⣬Ҳûбˡ
ôˣӻûĵ֣һ



39  39 
ɴ ƣ ڷǰ ľ˫˫ֺʮ
ֶһԣ ͬǱûƣ ֱ˯ˡ
ۣ £ 㣬ҵû¡
̾˵ˣҽûȥ ˵㷢Ļ̫ˣһȰȰ
ϣ̧룬׽ɢʣϳʲô
ֻ˼ڣΪ򣬡ҽȥϷˣһٰӣԣȴ̲סū澵һ䣬ʱ޳ˡ
ϵٶ
ӲУ ̲ۣ ȴί
ģ ʵ̫ˣȥˣүô˵
ںүߴþã֪үûɻǰһѺ֪ɻŰĹϵˣһһáҪǸкϸ̣ܽǣүϧֻӳ޷죬Ŀͨʣ񣿡
ƽ谮ӣ볤񣬵ɻǰЩ´Ҳû޶ǣȴ˳ܽʡ
е룬ҲûٺȣŶͷ˵Ҷףɺһ£̫ˡӼżҲ죬żνܵˣ
ǳĸ˵Ļ̲࣬סżŮѵ⻹÷ֵøһ𣿡
Ĭˣڵһͬ󣬸Ȼͱ˲һ䰮ɣȴʮң̫ߣ̫ӵõЩĳ谮ȴԶʤ̫ӵġ
˵˵ȥǹеļЩǣӣ޹ġ
֪ƽԳ˵һֱǸ
·ܾĸŮһߣһڶżңŹƽڣ̫ˡ
ٹȥɣͷԵĶһҾǺӴںһͬżԵףܲס
ӻŮǸ֪ŮҪ

ѾܻȰӻ¶Ҫȴûʲô仯
Ҳ֪Ǵĳӣ|ᡣӻûأֻ˫ֱסȣ
ôͻȻ˼ǿأ㲻ͬ˵Ϸˣ
㵹ңӻ̾û˵Լ찤޹أҲò飬ҷһЩ
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ӻ㶣𣿲Ҽǵͦۡ
ᣬ޳ȫûӡ
ʱҲ˭ȳġ
ӻϡˣ΢ſڣȴͣٶ¡
ˣֻʣҽ𣿡
ҺúõģˣĪִ˴ƿ˭ļϢ
ӻһ£˵˲٣ˡ
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ϸ룬һƺҲǲУҾ˵ˣò
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һôʲô˵·ӣҪʱϲ͸㣬ӻıһţһһҹûۣˣһЩϷôң鷳
ӻû˼˯ʣǾͲܹ𣿡
游Ҫ̫ˣ춼ذңûҵ£ǷŸʲôϲ˯
ڳһƬڵϹʲôҲ壬ֻ˵ӻʣΪʲôߣ㹦ѵǸ𣿡
ʹ´ˣǱȱ㣬˵˵Ҳϲܡ
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ӻ絹ûһ磬ϴڹ类ԣΪΪɵǨŭ
ǾȻܺҲ˵ϡ
Լ֣ȥҸλãֲɵΪʲôȥͲ𣿡
ӻ΢ס죬Ƭ̣ʣϲ𣿡
⺢ûиоҲô飬Ҫȥ̫ڿ
ˣʣŮˣ
ӻû뵽ôУҡͷϣ뵽㿪˵䲻ǣ⼸춼ûҪ˿žӦ֪İɣߴôãûɵ
ʵϳˣʤ춼ҩ
ˣʲô˵ףһ㶼ϲӣҪҴҿ϶СȥĸǰҪҴСţҶ챻ˣҲŲϲ
ӻľԼ̫³çˣǰֶ
˼ǰ¡
̻ʺϥֻһŹȻϣΪ̫ӵܺ;Ź׽ƫƫԼǸƤӣտĻ͵ӻϡ
Ҳʮ꣬ȥϿ⣬С档ÿŹϲϲǣţʱоǵһ֮ƵһλС㣬żۣ֮ñ˸һСԼȥԼ¡
λСͶ죬˵ԺȢޣǹ˼ҵġ
ӻûԼǱ˿ˣһ٣֪ԼһݡԵ
ǰ֣һʲô֪㣬һǸողŷٻĳмԵΪѡ
㻹˯˯ִһǷҺ㣿ɡ
ƿԼӣӻһѰڴβһ±Ӵ򿪣Լʵǽ˯ԶԶģ
ԼȴִչôԶʲôʵˣԼøʵЩֵ˯ɡ
ҹģӻ䱻һ٣۲ѣؿڵûˡ
ۣľֱӣ˵˻ͦġ
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˯ǰֵģ˯ǰʲô˯ʲôӻ綯ˣѹ˳جΣʱ򣬷Լ档
Լ͵͵Ų
ͻȻۣס֣ӻһ
ӻ磬ֱۣʣ춼ûô˯㲻Ҫҡ
˯̫Σˣӻ㲻ܵԼһˡ



40  40 
ۣ ûһͼ˯˹ȥӻŶͷ Ҫδأ ׻ֻ֣ڱﲻ
ڰ򵥣̴ľ¼ϹŴ멣 ᴹ£ɫԽԽӻԳ˽ģʱˣ һ㡣
ձĸһ٣ϺܻܿЩ߰ɡ
סͷ ӻ ֻܴսЩ˵ȻضϢ Ժʱ㡣Ҳ֪ĸ׶ԺҪʲôʲô 㡣
ҪǳĹ  µֱӴˡ
ڱ ¶˫۾ ߶ϣ һ ƺ˼˵ĻǷС
ȥ̽ʡ
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̫ӵƢӣѹ󳼹Ա֮ӣĿҵԶԶˣϰ֮ϸ츳ʵûʱܣȴҲ١
̫ӳ࣬ˣҲûʲô˸ٲСʱ޷졣
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СӻúܣҪǴͻ飬ָӻ飬ضͺɽˮȥһ˿ֲ˼񡣡
ֲ̫׹ùãĻûʲô뷨صϵæһЩˣ̫Ӵϻۣ֮ˣ»öĥĥ࿴ţпʱ䡣

ӻʹ֮뾩ӱ㶨ûдֻøеŮǰö
ӻɫ࣬ϴ˵ĽֹҲ˻ȥֻɲӻ㡣
ӻҲôûʲô
û֮κţ˵κ뾩ȥǣʱѣӻȥͣ˳
ʱӻﳭ𾭣ӹƽеż㣬ȿһ󣬲Žתݸӻ硣
κΪʲôҪ𣿡
ӻ㶣ţûݣּʱ;ͷѾˡ
ּϲȴ֪ġڲ֪æʲôʱ䶼鲻
ӻϵѾûǰۣúʵҲسǰ˵òʱûסһ٣Ҳûϵô࣬ûô֣ɫ԰ֺۡΪԼҪߣӰӼ붫ĹϵԲŵš
κôûߣҼǵ͹ˡӻȵƽ
ƽ˵κӱǴ½״Ԫһ̵ͬģ˾췴ǰκͻּּЩʱա
ͻȻʣȥ˭
ƽͷκߵһЩѣû˵ʲô
װ˵ǲȥ˵˵ӼԴӻϵװĸҪһȥһˣ
飬ûҴ֮ɫҷδ꣬šȥϷ˴ϡ



41  41 
⼸䣬 ˾¹ȥûգ ȴѾƽ࣬ȫȻŸոն
֣̳֣Ҫ׵ľٶֵóޣУʡ
Ҳ͢ͽû붪 Լ̫Ӵϵǵϵ ѻٷй֣ҵĹԱϣ û˸ҵ
ӪĻϡ
ʵҵڶϾջأ̫ϡ
̫æ һڲ̽ųˣһӪѡ棬ǲɢǧóֱ֮ǧ±Ϸӣ ɸѡһǿ׳֮ʿһ֧Ӫǧˡ
ӻڸϰ̥ ûκκйص¡
Ǻ¥ڳǱһ ӻһȥż䣬 Ϸ˸
ﱧһůֵů¯ 멣 úʵ䶳֣˶Ѿʼ·
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ӻͣ˽Ųתͷκ࣬ģղĵطЦĸײҳţҿרΪκӵ֪κҪʲô⳥ң
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˵һͨȫص˵䣬ʾԼֻ׽
ӺݲþҪңΨ֪ҰĵģҰαװúܺãݴʷҲ᲻׶һ꣬޶˼ҵġ
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κͻȻţ£˴Ϣˡ



42  42 
κ໹վ⣬ Ҫʲô ӻ©һġ
ԸϷ˺һΪľǿסɳһˣӻȴû
㲻ǺԳֻǲ뿪֮ʱˣֶס
ңָʱǿӣ˵ֲߡ
˽㣬 Ϊ˽ᡣ
꣬ ӻǿ㿴ý Ƭ̴|Ϣţոͱ ûʲôҲܽͣ𶯣ҳȥ˵˵
ӻͷˣ˺ôŰλСڰ ҪҶ
㲻ʲôҶҶ֣㣿𿪣˭׼Ҽˣ
ӻ ջذ֣ °Լҩң У ϴŪһң ڸһԺؾҪǵԼ𣿡
һ仰ûü˵ӻѾ뿪Լůͭ¯κͳ¥
¥ż䶼ˣͷ˵С⣬û㸹һǵӴˣǰ˵ҪûӰھһ죬Խŵóˡ
һƵңᣬľҲûʲôرģɰͰͣôӻܴ
սϵϵ䣬ȥ֧·
һΪʻ߸Ż
ӻʱõ
¥СǹˣæӭӣҪ̧ͷͿӻˣоȣӻ˵ĸǰҾֱӳˣҸճԹãκںȾƣҲôţôȥ
ЦɫģκСʱٴΣѵСһֱ
۶ţ󱳶ð亹æڵֻСһСһûӶ
¥ˣӻ翴һۣİΧҴӲƣĸòŵģǺֱۣټǼһҲûʲô
߿ۣ˻УҳһЩҪ뿪Ǳɡ
ӻ˵ͷǰǾԼĿΪ˼㡣
̨ףȵϷںͷס
ӻͻȻʲôߣתͷκκдȻѾǰ¾һʹɣᡣ
ѾȥܾãһʹҲˣ߶ͣ
ﻹŸκʲôûҲðӦ¡
ߺκƤĸ첲ԱС˵ӻҲˣÿؼʲôֻδ治ɫҲĸӡ
С˻ӺãӦҲ᲻˵
ܽкãκָг˻ӣ
ӻӺòãԼҲ֪̺ϣ˶ůġ
Ϸһ԰ӻ紵ɢͷ££ӻ½󣬵ȿӻҲʱʱɫ䡣
̧ͷӻ磬ӻﲻ֪Щʲôڷ
Ϸʲôû˵ֻӻָ䡣
ӻ粻⣬˻Żعͷ ʾԼ֪ģϷŵø
ڱϢֳϵСͻȻڵɽ義ǷʲôҪģȥɡ
ӻ˶٣صûʲôģҴǰȥɽҲûȱʲô
ƽҵݵع㣬ӻʱŽಡ˶ȽҪʲôʲôȱ
ۣʱҲ󣬼ǵõ
ӻָĦ|ҡҡͷ˵û̫ӡֻϡǵһЩ
ɽΪɽʵһǣ⣬ڰɽϣƽķ𣬳вΪƽɲг͢д̷ͨ
ͣһׯǰƿ᣿һۣһֱܴĸ׶Ҫ
ĸ׹
ȴû˵ʲôӻϷȺԼ
ϷС⿴ӭׯУæӻӣҵˣ
ӻֵ̧裬˵ûˡ
Ϸɫӻߣӣū»ϵ̥Ϣ֮ҩ
ӻһˮϣȻô֪
˵ڶ컻ˣϷεū찤˰ӣЩ˵תͷ͸ˡ
ӻĺٿرֱ Լ˰üģҴǰ̫˵ǰҩңҲûôʱҩֻϡһˣҵʱֻأĸ֪
ǰŷһٴƢ֪Ķӻӣõᣡ
ĳЩһֱ׵Ľɱڳʲô£΢ҧסôֻء
ӳׯʱѾ˰ӡƽ˼ѣ׼һȥɽո
ʱӻڳϵĸ㡣
ûƬ̵ĽţֻǵٳĶ岻á
ӻ΢΢һ٣ϵĶͷոպȲʱСһЩ־еӡ

ԳȰʵĥ̫֮ϵͱø࣬صʱѾȫˣ֣ܹӭ޵Ϊˮԡ¡
Լңֶڴϣ֣ܹҪȥü֣ܹܳȥ
Ҫ뾩᲻ñС
⡭֣ܹл㻰ʵԣҲûʲôʵģִӣڶ˵һʱǰҪȥ
۹ľϣһСӲ|ʵ|¶ʣ£
û˵
֪ˣȥɡ
֣ܹȥ
ʹӪͷܣһ죬ȥӻ˶ٷҲЩƣԡ֮󣬰ҹڽϣһ˴Ͼ˯˹ȥ
ȱһǵϣɪӻ緿ĵҹϨ
ӻںޣûӰӣס˯ȥʱĻôӰȥ١
Ϊû뵽ֱ뿪ǰϣû
ӻ뿪¥ĵڶϣʵ۱Ѽص̫ϡ
Ҳѳǰһ졣
û֪κˣֻԼȥ˻ʹлӻ磬׼뿪
ӻոպһ̥ҩ΢΢ȻȴӦ˳һ



43  43 
ŵʯʨΰ䣬 ֮⡣ǰܼæǰæ װ뾩;֮
ӻ粢Լһʱʧ鷳ʱźͳ˵ҵ£ ̫ӣ  ֻǰڰ֣ Ⱥ
ӻ΢΢˿ڣֻġ
ǳ Ϻů̺ ο̲֦Ƶĺϸͭ¯ι̡
ӻϸǲ񱻡
Ϸ һ磬 ˫Ŷ䣬 ͬӻˣ·ϸղŴӦˡ
ӻɳ
·ǴвδҲû߳˶ԶûӻĲ
ͳһߣ֪ݣ ¸صı ¡
ɴ̿ ҲҪ
ȥɽ ·;ңԶ㣬ںǰͣ˰СʱڻǰʻУӾǳųӻסַϣЩ֪ʲôĿ|顣
ٴμĿԲʹҲ鲻һһµĿС
ӻְ̧˰üģľԼħˣûʲôҪҪ
Ϸ˿ĶҩĶһ٣ʣؾˣ
ǣӻҡҡͷֻ̫ӵ£ƽڣǰ뿪µһ֪ԺûټĻᡣ
Уμؿһձ|ʹҶº񣬼㲻أϺҲ
Ϸ˲˵ЩϽӻǰἰ̫ӣֻܵһ䣺⼸콹ƣۣ·;˯ɣҩ
ӻ̾һͷڸҲ˵һӣӻԼ֮䣬ҲǴġ
ӣֱۣűӱСϷΪҴú񱻡
װƽ˲λãӻΪŮҲΪԼˡ
Ժ˯Ҫȥʱһ󼱴ٵͻȻѡ
Ϸ˴Ӵһǳ⿴һۣͻȻ˾̫ӵ¡
ӻһ¶Դ
ǣһȺѳӶ
Ϲһ󲼰֪װʲô
˲࣬ʮһ׳һ۹ȥ֪СǶǰ
ӻ翴ֻͻͻۡ
Լøߴѹˣһ緢Ӣ||ӻ簴üģôԽԽˣ˸һ˽뾩ǵðѵһ١
סıϢ̤ѴУδüͣǰı⡣
ţ¶İĮʲôҲȱ̫ӵæջع
߿󷽣Ӧһ䲻˫ȼ|ǣԭأ档
׳ʵĺͣӼ̫Ӻӻϵã˭֪ϲżңͬĿãһʱ֪ò
ӻ˯ѣͷмëͷҲ˲䣬̫ӵʲô
ת⿪ϵĴ󲼰ӻֽס
ſ㣬ⶫء
ӻ㶣ûӦѲæס
ǰ˵ҪѰŻƤ㣬ҲûɫϱģǰſŲģ鲻ʱ㡣պˣҪǻˣҶҪ㡣
ǰ仰ģģ仰ȴǱԱ¶ӻ籧Ų̿
ü֪ˡ
˵ձ߽һЩ£æ˲㣬·ע㣬ʲô⡣
ӻ߽ʱЦһֹͻȻһ£߬ϵĲ
ƽŮĳ£սȴĪУ󼻳Ѿ֣ƽֻάֱƽ͡
ʼĶǱ߽漱ͻڹռʮǳأ|ɱգŰɱš
紵Ӷһ£ʣˣ
ɣģɣ߬תλȥɣô
˵ʲô£̫Ϸ˸Ͻں˴ӻ硣
ӻع񣬵ĶӦòţȻҰɡ
߿һڳҪڵҵģ֪ľҵġôͲ
תͷ֮󣬿ӻ绹棬ü
ӻ̾Ҳ֪ҪԼֻܵҵ֮㲻ñ˴򿪣Ҳҽȡҩġ
֪˵˶٣һ·ƽ
ÿʹӳǱ߹Լ뿪
ôҴңȥҲûˮ·ֻ
û˵΢ƣǾӻ紫һ仰ӣעӡ
Լ˫ӵˡ
ӻף㶪Ĳ
㵢ʱ䲻ֻ࣬һСָֻܿǰУнٶȼӿ켸֡·ϣðйȥ˵һ١
Ϸӣҵô죿
ȻӦǱ㲻ӻӲҪҲҪ
̫ðˡϷԹԼ˲£̫죬Ҫʱʱ̹̫̿ߣһᱩ¶
ӻҡҡͷУ⿪·ﻹ׼õģ̫͵ĻƤᵽվĸ׾͸ջȥˡ
ϷҲ֪ղŵΣ˭Ҫ̫Ӷܸ
˺þã̾һ̧ȥޣָͻȻ޵ƤǲÿԸ齣ӦòС¡
ӻҵû뵽̫ӻⶫһΪǡ
߽¡
ͻʳڹƼͣû£ǳؾѾУӺΨ֪Ҳʱͷ
㣬֮ո¶ͷǡ
ˣ˵Ҹ̫дЩס죬סǷ˵֣Ļȴ춼û˵
㣬ᱻңᱻ˶ҡԼжīسɹ棬һǴˣ˵ֻẦ
δΪͳһݵĵ»ֲɡ

һߵСɽµأɪľɿݣҶ̤飬졣ͣɽϣһԶȥ
һ󹧾Ѿ뿪Ҳûȥʰ
΢߬ͷʵӴУ᲻¡
ӻ ˵ʲôʲôûߣҪѵ̡
ɽԥƫһԶ߾һ·߹ٵ̫ܻ¡
˶٣Զ˺һ૵ǻ£ôôأ
ӻǸЦģǰ˵߰Ĳм˼죬ȺΪԼӲ˺ܺϻԲ˵ֵ֣׷ʱľȴлڡ
û壬Ҳûʣӵ²˸֪ġ
뵽ղŵЦľǹȻõѣֱһζôᡣ
ôҪǱ֪Լܣ϶÷ЦûȤֵߴ
洵סת˷򣬵Ȼض
ʵͻȻ֮齻㣬ûйԤϣһֱ鲻ʱ䡣߷Ӽ뾩ĶϽǰһܸϵϡ
˵뾩ûԼҪȥġ
Ӻܱ⣬ȥһˡ
֮Ψ֪ϵЩӵĴҲԱƵ±ûں涯ֽţ̫ܡ



44  44 
ɽһרŵĺԷ ;ǲࡣ
ӻģˣƲлйԱݷã ԼŮݣ ס˳ƫԺ
Ͻӻǰ̫ӵ£ һ ûϢ
뾩ǰ죬߽֮رս ǳʧء
ͻʼ֮ڶʮǳأӻԤΪʵһǰļн
ǰȻ֪£ ӻ绹Ҫע Ϣʱʧ˼ҹ֣ ɫһ䣬 ϲǣϲ˸ͦ ǵǻʵ۵ˡ
սѾ뽩̬ ذ˳Ǻûʲô ʼӻ߶ף˵һ
ӻ籾ûע£ 󷴵˶ɽ˽Ǽ֮һ
ѩ Ϸ˶̴ḷ̌ ʢ벹
޺ϣӻ糤ϸϣݾ£һ京ŵĵͤͤĺ°멣С¡ȴѰŮ
˵ӺͺӶãºӲ⣬ֻӳô˵
ӻԺͿʼЩĬӶΣ־ϲָоûͬ˷ֻܸɰͰ͸Ϸ˺
ͷһξ£ʹ侲Ҳлңֲ롣
Ϸ˸ӻ˵˼仰
̫ӷ˾ɼϴδ˾ˣôܣӻ΢΢ȣ֪ˣ㿵ʲô֪
ϷһۣСͬӻƺǺܺã·ˣ˳ͬ˵̫ӵ£Ǵ˾ڻʹƷŶ˵ֱ̫ۣպ䣬֢ڶ
ѹЩ˽̫Ӳھǣ·ûҡ
ӻϸҩ롣ܹˣͺˣʱһֱɻľɼԼȴ˲ŻȥԼ֡
һ١Ҳˡ
ֱף˲һӦҵ´Ӳڣרȥңӻ翪ڣ̫Ӷû˹Ҳùܡ
һĪֲ²⣬־̫ܡ
żڳǼֵø˵£·ϴϢǰ˵ڼʱ˹ѵͲ±ˣ
£˱֪
˵ڲھǣȥģѲɻ´߽ܵ

ʱַңԱǿ׳ͻʿΣ壬ݴʷԳ֣İڵͷذǳأͻʽҲʡ͵ĵƣ˶Բߣս뽩̬֮
֧ӣѪӪսѪӪһУξ
һǰһӰյС˸ܾٴ󶦣ϹҲ˵ãǽһһʵ⣬ִ󵨡
ΪС¶ټ·֡
ӰձǸҵСӣͽһͻһϦ֮ռӺݼǣȫͻʸɱˣǮҲȫӶɾһֲʣͶ·ֻͶ
˭ܺϵǸԵĸҹӣȴѪӪԼŪһΪС塣
ҺֻںĹǲϣС´Ӳƽϡ
䵶ӪѰãһӰ٣֪Ӫк͸ǮУξʱǳ˳顣
ƿӪʽȥΧƳһȦˣǳ
ߴͻȻѶ׳ѹڵ£ֳʱƽк
ӺݵԶݻԶӪǱ֮أֹ˳ûΨ֪ʮδһֱĹԱϳǰλǵ̫ӵ¡
ֵʤǮУξӮˣǮˣǿɲڶģҵġ
ϵǮﱧ˺ЦСӣǮУξרΪģô۾⿴Ǯˡ
ȥѪӪľͳɰˣֱӰǿˣ˵ɢӰգ汾Уξټ
ǮУξǸֵĺӣľӪҲһĴʿǮۣ̾ӣҵˣܰ׷ˡ
ǮУξղû˵£㱧ǮֱҡͷУξҵĶ黹ûҲߡ
⻰ʱɵ֪ͼҲǰǰ䡣
ӪнģСȥһ״ǮУξļ򣬡ҪԼͷȥټûĺ룬Ӱգٶȿ㡣
ΪѵؿԼǮָΧߵͬӪֵܣ˵˾ҺȾƣţ
ǮУξЦһ˵ӰҲǮ˼ҳģҺȾʱӲС
ѪӪ˴Ц˵СӰģԼܲסǿɲǮȢϱÿ϶͵͵ϸ˹ƣΪǲֵ֪ܸ˼ι˲ǮҲġ
ǮУξʱü˦˦ʹʣ˵˶ûˣ
ҡͷ˵ȫûˣͻʸɱˡСӲʮսϱݼˣ˵ѪӪѵɱ񡣡
ǰʲôˣ
ɻУξҪʲô˼ҵ£֪
ǮУξҡҡͷǶȥ£Լתȥ
ͻϮɱ¾õĶȫˣӰסûˣ˲Ҷ࿴Ҳû˲ҵжˡ
˽¹۲ܳɴ׼СŮصǮУξ̽̽ӰҪиǾ鷳ˡ
Ӫ㲻֪ǵ˼פˮûʲô˸ţһ䣺УξҸʲô
СǰնһֱƲˣͷö㵨ӴƲ˳ͻϮƳ㹦ʹҲС۵ˣ˲ţպҪǵʹͣҸ㿪·ͻȻһЦСиˡ
СŮԶˡ
ԶԶͿſб˽ĿջͷУξ
ӻôҲ벻ΣյطС
ѾӵӺݣʥŵÿÿƲκ˶κβáӪ˶Ӻݻ̫ӣܼ̫ӵˣӪɱ֮أסһ㣬Լðһ˽
ǰӪкüλǸոǵսôͷ·ĲȽ֪ЩǾþɳĽ
Ƕ˽
Ψ֪ʮϰ֮޶΢΢ףȴ̬ˣƹܰݵıҲ
Ӱգһ˲ţΨ֪ƺǸ죬Ƕˣ˵ϴƳǣд󹦣ģ
˵лү佱Уξ̵зҲײ
Ļش⣬˵Ӣ۳꣬ǱȲϡ
Ψ֪㣬ҿȲƽƽ̼֣
һ٣㲻ֻ̼֣ʱ˼б˱ʴǮƣүүǰӽ̣ʮϣҳΪӽˣֻҺöġ
˵ǡô̾ƺĿֲס
Ψ֪˵ѣųͷӽ˾үүôҲһеѶŮѵս
㰦һѹԼˡ
Ψ֪⵹ûʲôй䣿
Ψ֪˲ӣΪͶ˲Ǳ³ΪԼˣǼ£ܣǾֻܳ
̸ţ󶼴ˡ
Ψ֪⣬㿪ʱߡ
Ů˶鷳ҪʲôãСֻ޿䣬ֻ״ũ͸Ƣˣ檶Ņ̀޽ӼңףڴϻûֵܷŵÿҪֵܻڣҲŲЩ鷳
Ψ֪Цһ͡
Ҫ㣬æֹס󵨣ôүǰ˵ģ
ȴûУξ治֪ǰ鷳үҪҽĵҶûôӦ֪ô˵ӲԺûŮ˿ңޣΪҿǣв޽Ӽ˳źֵôˣ»ҹýֵأһȺû۹ģźǼǵĸ
޲ס죬⻰õͥ˵ģСô๦ͣҲⲻȥҪŮʱͻȻæ˼䣬Сһϲ
ֱӾ͸ըˡ
Ψ֪ƺЩ𾪣˻ȴҲûֻû¡
Ÿ߹֮ȴֱ٣ƫӵûô˵ټ
ֵմǻûͣСԺͺˣҪǣȻȥϢɡ
ƮһСѩפĽʿѲʱһˣ档
ûؿߵ·һͬӪ˼˵ղŵ¡
۷Ӫʣ
УξȥۣûˣԼѪӪ棬Ƥ˵СӾͰ˵һǼٵģүõ档ҲСǸͷ࣬ԺȢ˷ˣȻ֪
Ψ֪ҡҡͷӰղ˵ѣôġǸ֮ţ׳Կպ|̣ǵö˲ҵʵڲ鲻ԡ
үǡ
Ψ֪۵Ժضǳ֮ΪãǾ;



45  45 
ǵվ ̳ǣѹ㹥ƵһţҲһǣ θУΪ֮
ǰҹԸ ƽ֣ ǰؿ
Լ˶ͽ裬˳ƲҲûȥ ϢӪơ
ǰӵܱ 鵽˾˽ıǴӪ˵ģ ˽Ĺ ˡ
ӪսҲʮ֣ЩƥδӦֳϰԲԭ
֮Ǵ˾ˣͬʱҲΨ֪ˣھ˽լΪ˾ת˹|Ψ֪Ӿǣ Ҫͳǲͼ ĿΪΣ Ҳµõ
ǲңɵĵһˣվǵĲȴҲز١
ӼңӻˣΪǣӺݵıʿΪϹ˲սḻǸϸĴϴ֣ʺǸϼ޻ġ
һȺӲͷ˭Ҳ˭
ͻʵϮڣΨ֪һ˸Լص˳ˮ۵Ӫ¡
߽Զ뾩ǣΪʵԶף汲йӺݣԵ֮¾ȹȵһ˳ʮ겻ӵأСĿǰҲóȻжĺʱ
Ѿһ£òĶѾͻлֵ塣
Ӫ΢ڴϣ˫ɣСȱ߷һֲڵľϻװ˲ٿݲơ
и˲ϲ֣ǰСЦЦ˵գҪڴ֮ձ֣ݶïʢô棬ģִϣģӪûˣ㻹͵͵ȥôϲǹ
ֲС϶һ룬üͷøµģʵʲô
Ǹ˽磬Ӳ̫Ⱥʮа̡ͲˮʣŪⲻҪ˵ѵˣ
̧˫֣˾⣿
Ŀ֣û٣ʵλǰǸҹӣپԼһᡣ
ⶫʲô棿ˮͲһԣЬ߶˵˲֪ҿ֪ԭģĿŵ㡣
ҶӮ˿Ķξһ͸ң춼ֲ͵ģרĿȣͷҲû̧ⶫǸҵܵܵģϼңһֱûôţûС⡣
ξôãӻ粻֪ʲô
ҹһΣ˰Ѷȥɽ
Ǹ֪ȫûˣƽ΢ҪͳΪǸܵȥˣҲû̸ȥ˵һڰ
µ뷨̾׶༪ٵһսҲ֪ʲôʱ
СӽˣҪӵײӪ˺üιǴҹӸ磬Լ
ӣ
Ǹ竣һʵڹ̲ܽסˣ书߳˵ʲôֻǰģպλŲᰲڹǺθְǱ˯һ䣬ҰٴҲȲʵģôҲȥĹͶֻܵССǮ
㶯һ٣̧ͷ򵥣ɱͻˣʱȻע⡣Ҫҵиķӣ͵ⶫĶ飬Уξ֮Ҳ뿪ѪӪ˼Ҳԣҿ԰㡣
羪棿
ӰɳӦıǿѪӪĵ˲ٹԼִ󷽣ģܵССݶѱ˼УŪñ˶˼
Ҫܣǰ취ðյģÿƢԣˣʵ˵ֱӵУξλáҪһ㣬ܳΪ
æʣʲô
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˵٩Ƶ£Ʋһ¶ɵ磬֪˵ӲС
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ҪѹʱĿ϶ֻƴ塣ӲͨˣѪӪҲ
Ǹߣ±˼ƨ˶ƮƮȻ
Χһѵ̵ʱںúúõģڼʤˣ£Ҫսɱˣͻ硣
վһεɽϣǲԶ
հֳͻ|żȵʱ䳤ˣֿ̧̧еĶ
ͻǱߵôµĶǴӱġ
ӵǴҲͻİӺݹơ
Щ岻ãڴߵ»ؾȭ˵˵ԸصҲջȥ
㿴ųȫС·ǰǵӣͻȻʣͻ˶˴СͻϮǣ
Լһǧ
㵹Ǿȣ·С·ס˲٣ǲһǧ˹ɢҥԣڲֵôң
һǧ˲٣ܣ壬Ҫ浽˳£ѻʯΪֻǰΪ˲࣬вˣר|
ͻʽͶӱץ˴ΣӲ֮ͨڴ󼻳ͻʿ൱Ⱥס
ԶǴѼӵĶͳȥˣ
Ѿͳȥ
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Ǽ˵±УξΪƹȥģǰ˵˼ûӱѪӪ˳
Ӱղ²ͻʲԴУ˴Ӹ͵ϮԸŵȻǵ֮
ֻҪܾλСӣĺô
ѪӪ꣬ĹͶ£ҵûҰġ
û뵽ͻ˻ô࣬类˿ǰʱһѣһٴʱͻʵѾ뿪ҲɥȪ
һԵʯͷϼƣһƥԱߡ
Ӱգô£ԩ޳𣬺ιҪңʧѪ࣬Ƶġ
˵Ǹðյķӣˣֶͣ˵磬һûᣬҪ˰СʬͻȥʹͿ϶
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ǿɲ֪ͨģûôɥĲ񡣡ѲƷڵϣ
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ӰջڹһսУҲصĻ˭淢㣬óһҩƿһҩվҲɵӣ˵ʲôԼףǱҩ裬ľҽٳԣҪȻʲôҿɹܲˡ
ýŵʣ㵽˭Ҫʲô
ҪܻţԺȻ֪
ֻԼܲܳɣ磬˵ģɵĻת뿪ȿԼĸձĲƲӰŶʱɫٿһڡ
ֻܱһ䣬Ųȥӡ

ӻ߽ӵ͹ĶʱѾһ¡ЩȣȻ˰Ѷϡ
峿ķѩڴϿǰںӣһֻɲó̧ͷԱߵϷˣ̫ӵģȥˣ
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ƮѩһƬãã캮ˣȴʱ̶ů͵ġ
ӻְףжԱ֮ºԡ
۳ըëƣ̲סƲ뾩϶Ҫȥѧֶ
ӻ̾ҪЩ͹ⶫҿܾͿˡ
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ӻѸɲƷŻȥֿģĳǰҡҡͷεãŰɡӣָѧһգҫҿҿ
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ͻȻ㵹˽
ӻ߿ſڣµᣱƿŴ߽ϴмƬѩǸմԺ߹
ĸôˡӻȻ
ƳһϵС⣬޺ϣɽ㸸ףкȥŮȥҶҺˡ
ӻ˶٣΢΢߬һеĲƣ˵һ͹ȥ᲻̫Сˣ׳£
һоֿšȲ裬ûٶ˵ġ
ӻòΪǵϲʧسһ䣺֪ģȫƾĸװš
ϲ㣬кӶ̫ϲִûõģ⺢ӳ󵽵ô˭Ҳܱ֤
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£ӻֿ˺üһ纮Ӳ
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46  46 
ϲӻ縹ӣҲû뺦һ ׼ĶѾ׼ã ͵Ⱥӳ
ӻ֪׸ı⣬ ûж˵ȰöҲˡ
ҲԼ㣬⺢ӵģ ûֲܡ
Ǳߵ˴Ϣ̫תã Ѿ߶ӻ²ǳȥʲô ҲֱǺͱ߽йء
·ϴô ߵίʵ̫࣬ʵûȤٹע¡
Ϊںʱ߲ӻֲ߱٣ ǰΪֶڡ
ɽƽĹ ǰӼ˶ߣʵ۶Գ谮 ɽȫ
ӻڵԼߵŮʲôùܣֻǱַųȥߡ
ǱߴһϢͳû ǳסϢûǱ߰ ûʲôҪĴϢ
Ǳ߽Ǳߴݱ ˵ʤͻʡ
ֻм֮Ե Żʵиֵģȷʵ˸ˣãӻ˵мϲ
ӻ̾Ӻ뾩ԶΣպҪϡƽвû̫ϣҲ̶ʮһ
Ӵÿ߶ʱ˿ţԼˤĸ׵ģһ㶼СѣӻʱԣָѪګګ
ǰ幤Ͳ̫ãʮûӴһɶ
ӻһںȴ߲ҩǰ£ʵھñȥ͸͸硣
ĺиǶɽİΪƽֵģûֹʮȥѾһƬżǰ߶ûʶӻ硣
һñɽҪϸ֦ϵķ۰׷ѵĺӻż֡ӻϽС̧Զͤ
ӻӽҪߵ˶оĴͽ֡
Ϸʶˣ֪Ϸź˭ţڸΪӻ׼ҩġ
ͤ棬ˣ
ӻüͷ̾˵ʱʮָ˵ģʱѾźܼСŶӣȳǰҪҪ֪үϹսãйүӦӴ˵Ҫȥ֣ÿȴʪ֣¾ŵ㡣
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ĿƺҪ࣬ӻһ켸ǴںԺճ߶Ŷ٣һ鶼á
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ӻߴʱУ˴̫÷磬ӳƣ۸к˵ȥɡ
û뵽ôһС·ľ붼ܳ¡
Ÿߴƥ糾ʹ߼۶ûüͣ£ײ̧εСˣӻˤһ£ײӣֳסӣɫ԰ףͻȻ۵
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֪ӻ磬ϵæǻ˴Ϣ˵̫ӵ뾩ƽ򣬻һʱԸ̫ӵɽҪʱִͻȻʼЩ
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³ͻȻ֪ӻҪʱڷó𾭡Ҵææձ뿪·Ҫʱò㱻̨װһӡ
Ե޹ʣûɹӻ绳еϢʵҲԲ֪
ûʱ룬ȥӦ㣬öɽĸȥסּæϵ
ŮնˮֶҩȥŲҴңӻ屾Ͳôãһײ ۵ܣֹס
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Ｑһţģͷ϶Ǻ˶ȥ½ʣô
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ӻڴں|ų֣޳ĶȫǺ·Ҫʪ͸һӵѪ
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ӻֲٹܱʲôֹͣͣסᣬϵûһ롣
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ѾȥҧŸɾߵһֱڸϵĺ
ӻؿֽץ԰׵ϲͣðȺ
߶ǾḻĽţµĸʺСӻίʵۣȺӳͻ˹ȥֻԺк֡



47  47 
ɽ˳ÿ궼⣬ ҲֻƽЩ» ̫ӵͻȻ ѶɽĹԱһ
̫Ӳó ھǼ˭֪£뾩ĳ¸Ҳš
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ǽϹֻ ̴ľʢ裬־̧ľԱߣʵʥּҲֻǵδؾ ɱӽһλɽǰ
ȰǰҪߴЩ ͦüĿ ׹ҡ
費Щ ˭Ҳڣ ¸װ岻ÿ˼ ŵˣ ̫ӵ´ɲع ͽ鷳
ϰǹ¸СĴԲ¹˵̫ӵºѣ̫ӵ
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⻰Ȼ룬ֻǾ˺ĵط
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΢΢ȣ˵ǰͲϲֱ׵Ļټ
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ˣҪмְ֮뾩þ֡
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ӻºʱһûþˡǺͷʪ͸ˣճڲ԰׵ϣѪζǣιȥ
Ѿȥ֪ȥˣӻûһԵĽŸͬ˵Ǹк㿵΢΢ۣʲôûأֻֽʹ
˽ⳤŻͬżйصˣҲ
ӻдǷźװŷУϷȥðϵľϻͬһ𽻸㡣
鶼֮ٴλ˯ȥ
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Ϸ¶ЩɫƺѾˡ
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ӻЦΪĸѾѺߣĸ׻ҡ
СûãЩͰͣ˭۾ţҲǶˣСݣӲ컹ҪͳȥģżйصѪӼҲҪҲϲ
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ӷӻ߲ȫҪǱ˷ֺӵĴڣ֪ᴫʲôҥԣҲ˲µ⺢Ӽҵġ
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ӻˣʲôأֻѣûЩֵֹĶ
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ӻַ̧ڹؿڣ֪Լ⸱ģǿ϶ġ
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᣺ʵûĹ͸һƬֲָ˱Ӱһµӻ̲סЦһ¡
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⻹𣿡˻˵¡



48  48 
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ûߣҲܵõӻ岻Ǻܺã޺ӻ˵˴޻
ӻһɤۣվû˯⣬Ժ˯˹ȥ
Լڽסѩ׵ļ|ֻ¶ͷ֪ڶϿʱƿʣϵӡü
ó̺۵ĸҩֹúһкӣ̫ˡ



49  49 
ӻ֮ʱ Ѿˣ ϷվںľԲԣڵסĵ⣬ ΢΢ ε뻺ϣ û
 ̧ ϵӡѾˣ 
Ĩҩ
ڻڳ壬аû ֪ڳ˶٣ ֵǴˡ
Ϸ˼׷ŽУ˼ ̫ӵ·Ϣ˵мȻؾһ
ӻ΢΢ȣ ʳһ䣺ˣ
Ȼʱɽֻܲ Ҳ׼Ϊԭ뾩߿϶йһıģ ǳ£ ҴҸϻȥ
Ϸ˵ûô˵ԭ ǽǣ ݴʷ򾩳
ӻ˶٣ͬǻʵԶףΪ汲йŵ͵أǻʵ۵磬ȵأ÷Ϊ̫ӣΪ׵ļʧܣΪԶ⽻ݡ
ǯ̶̼һ֧ӢµĺϾӣ˸ð
һΣĵһ裬غüΣдλ˼
Ǹϴ֣ɵӣԶԸ
ԶӾǣͨˮԣԶԶʹ֮ƣд꣬ʤ
ݽսӦһ֮ôôࣿ
ӻ𴽣üȲԣдһЩ̫ӵ£סĸӱ޸
΢΢ȣ̴ľǰ£սƶ䣬ļ䲻һܰﵽ㣬ǽס뷨òʧСһҲǲУݴʷͺ촬
ǰԹҪǷӦ죬Ҳʮ
ͰйصĹԱĴ覴á
ӻŽϷʱͻȻʵĸ׺Сأ
Ϸ˽ӹʱһ˵СڳԺסһԿţǱ
ϷϸմӳһΧźӿһ棬˼˵⺢ӡ
ӻû쳣ͷ˵ǹ˵䲻̫ã˳ûô˵ֻƽջעٴ
ֻСڸһ£ӻԳ˽⣬ûһЩֻû뵽ֱӾͰѺˡ
տСߵĴӻġ⺢ڣûžͿޣӲҪѺͳȥǾú̫Сһһֱں£Ѿѧ
ӻ磬üۼȴףԽԽӻ³ϲ֪Ȼȫûһ롣
ɽԥݣԶ֮أӻں壬ٳš
Զɽȥ֮㿪ʼپӣݣӻ粻ͣյйϢЩԼģһЩǵս
ǰȥﱣסݣ˻ؽݣս֣δɳֶԳһףĥ͸Ӫǧˣȴһʮľ
طڹٺ󼻳·ʢԴ˰Ͽغϲֻ࣬뿴˭Ӯ
ЩҲΪģûǶ˵š
ӻûʱãȻÿνʱľսܾʱ̻£ǰ˵çײͷһ䡣
СӲҲĸףܰ޿Ҫʱ𾭶ʱźѵӻһ٣˵͵͵УȻܰѺӽŮ
ò׸ӻְѺӺ˯ӻ磺ûС
Сſڳͷ߳϶飬㿴С߿޳ʲôˣСӱһ㣬ĸ׵ôܲţ
ҳʱĸûš
һ𣿣С߱ŵöһ£Ҫæ壬Ҫȥ̧ͷӻһŵ
ӻоԼڼĵλ½ˡ
ˣסϵĸף·Ǳţ˵²鷴Ѿɽּ
㣬üͷµĲôˣ
ʵ겡鷴ʱʱʱŲأȴĪͦӻ粻ģ֪ǲ¡
һȥС
ڻʵԵӣʵҲӻʱԣ׳£Ƕʱոӣû˼档
֪ӻ˽¼һ档
ǲУӻҡͷ·˵¸ּȥһˡ
ǲھһ࣬·ϵ˺жϢҲš
ƽǴ󼻳֪ս񽫾ӻû̳еӢΰЩͳġ
Ȼӻƽ￴⣬ڰ֮ʢȺĻΪӻǰݣõܶ˵չˡ
ʵ۴˾٣ȥܾġ
ͬ˵ս֮ȫѾڽݴһ£ȥҲʲô
ӻŷڵưϣС߱ڻС׽ĸףûҲû֡
ſ˼ۣ²ϣֻü
ӻ»û¡
̧ͷأࡣ
ǳ֦ҶƬѾʼƣӻò͕i⸱񿵽ˣװֻ
ȥñ¾ӼĲϣս̬û֮⣬¾ĸףҲ϶Ҳһư
ҡͷĿûǷ
˵ȴҲûзӻĻ
ƽҾȴǸ鷳ˣʱ±ҥԻңǰ±ǣ¶ͨ͸סˣ˭飬Ӱб
ӼұҰġ
ҹȥֻǱ̬ᾡٳţ̫֪ӣҳȥ
ӻСߵֻͣСȥָԺıС|˯ʱģˣӻЦ
ͻȻڣСӼңǱӼҵˣ̫ûκιϵ𣿡
ӻͷֻĸǻؾǣǱֻܰСڶɽչˣСϳ̫̫֮Σա
һ㶣ͻȻԥ

ʵ۵ʥּû͵ﶫɽϴǰּͬԱһݷڹеս죬ƽ˧졣
ᡣ
ȳһ뿪ɽҩŪССͻϸ·˶Щ⡣
Ϸͬһ·£ߵĹٵƽս죬ݣΪ·мʶˣСͷ֡
̫̾Щ£Ӧٸһ껹ãսҴ٣Ҳֻܿ¡
ӻݣȴûȥǣʵۻ˾£Ѳ쵽ʱͻȻƮΣԽԽ·ֹסתһվꡣ
뻽գڻҶϣ΢ˮƽ⡣
ϷЦϲСӣСҲϲ϶ǲˡ
ĸױӻ⿿ͷ¡תϵһһΣݽҹ󣬵Ǳֵö·
ʲô
ӻ̧ͷݶС̫ӿ϶Ҳ֪ġ
˼ţֻδֽӡϴһͻȻû
ӻѹ˼˵ôȥҾѾܲˡ



50  50 
ӻмûκڣ ӼҶԱ˵вڵģ ûҰʹӣһ·ûվƽݸ
ΪƽʤϾ˼ û̫Զ ¡
յݱĵ ͳ¡
ɫڣ ĵζ һӻʱڻ·ʱ彩ӲϷæʣӻ𣿡
ľԲϵĲˮȣһڴߣɫ԰׵С
ӿȥ˯ɣū찾š
ӻҡҡͷ ؿڣ Ѿʪˣ ȴǺʪ
Ϸڸ·ֻҪ´öһЩΣ Ͳôء
վ±ߴ˵Ļź ӻϷ˶һۣ Ϸ Ŵ뻵ķ϶⿴ ӻ·ȥ
סһ¥Ũ̴վԺðڵϣӲóֵĴҽŲӻϸü
Ǿϸѡûôױ˶Ըȶƽʱţд̿ϮѾΪܷգӻ䷿
ϷɿҪȥţӻסϷ˻ع񣬿ӻɫ΢䣬ڵڻ·ٳȥ
Ⱥӻϵ´Աһ
ȹ˰Ӻûɫٿ䣬Žȥʱ߿һˡ

ӻ·϶أҹվʱһ飬Ϊţֹ⣬һͲԾ
ûЩ˹ҲûĽ͡
ϷԽȥ㿴ٵصûˣǺɺҩǽݣ㻹û׹£˵׻ĵ̣һ·˸棬վ֣֮
û̵ڣ˾衣
ԽԽ꣬ӻ翴ⳡ֪꣬Ҫһߣ߲ˡ
Ϸ˲ҲѣҲȫ֮ߣͷһۣ侲Ϸ˵Ȼˣ붯ɸ꣬ǲң߲ˣȲѺȥ̫ӵ¡
Ϸ˼ūڴ˵أ뿪
һ뿪ҪҵңغþСӻѲĶһֻȰϷƽһӡ
Žʱļܹˣ΢죬ͣĵطӻӣؿڴûţȺղС
ƽҲҲУõ
ûãֵ㶯ô̿뿪ӻ̧ժ±Ķңǣһƥ
ȥͣ˵Ķأȥ׷
ӻܶԶܶԶպˣüЩˤ׷˲١ӻֶڷֻͣ
ûӹˣֻվԶһЩܱԸߴľѾʼ̻Ҷ
ӻʱȶģˤڵϣɾ·մˮڶңϸ߰㻬µء
ߵȺ׷һ̤أˮ
ӣ롣
ӻΡΡվҲûвãٲһˡ
ڣңȥһҲ޷Ǵʲôʱʼң
Ⱥ˻ǱϹϾ֪
ӻסӻûʲôҶҪߣ˵ֺηѲﰾʱ䣬ңˣݺݱض´𣬽ʱͿ뱣ݹϵ뱣
侲˵ʮ㣬û¶ӣƺ׼ǵĵߡ
ҶҹһƬûʲô⣬ֻ̫绮ʱܿԷı飬һӻһ
ͷԥ£ֱ֪
˻ͻȻһ߿ٿػͷ
ɱԶԶֻһˣ׿ɷˣ˲
ҹջһ磬ǸӲʿεףһѺӧǹ
ƥڲ|ЩȻϵóᵶɱǹײ˱|ǹºֱҵС̿ʹĽͣ꽻ϡ
ӣԲסˡͷ˼ԣнǰҪӻӻ֪ˣҧ㿪Աܡ
̿ͻȥ׷˲ͱӺһѽݺݻؿڣɴ۾Ҫعͷʱˤڵϣֻܵա˵Ѫпᡣ
ӻ粻֪Σֻҧǰܡ
ֲʲôܶĵطҹ֮иӣӻڵϣŤ˽ţ۵ɫףľµû
ӻ̧ͷʱһ߽
θߴշĳ|ǹ߳壬һ·Ŀ֦Ҷڵϡ
㶵شԭأѪҺ̶ᣬһսĺ´ĵӿͺصǰǸҹһ׳ŵѪĵ߽Ҫӵȥ
ӻֳŵأ|ˣԽԽǸ˺ҲԾ|ǹڵϣҪȥ
׵סӻſ˭
̲ס˶µ˽
ӻˣ޵һ𣬱˵ʲôأҶˣ
ӻҡҡͷ˵ԼۡĴϸȣӹǣӻʹ
֪Լ򲻹ͱˣ㶼鷳°ͿסԼˡ
ôӻ˿ڣ޵
û˵ԼǸϹģҲû뷨ֻǴ˳ıЩµˣҶʲôµģ磬кӲ㣬ǲޡ
ӻýĻסšҲ֪´ףֱߣһס|ǹ΢΢ӵϰǳ
͸ӻ£ϵսͬһߺ˵û£߳ȥ
ҿվ˶ڵϾ֪ˣ϶۱ˣԼֲ֣ðѰ㣬Ժ²Ҫţʵڲоͱҵ֣ñ̸
ʵţȻϣȴĪûôˡȾѪˮˢ׺ͻľϵѪ
ӻ̧Ĩˮݰ㡣
Цһңǰ㲻ѧҪúһЩֱӾȥˡ
Ҳ㡣
ƢЦһʱӱޣȥٶͬҲӻġ
ҪǲϽϴˮ裬÷



51  51 
С ٶȿ죬 ӻǰߣߵֻĵס
һײϣ ͵ƣ Ϊ׽침΢Ĺ㻳ﱧˣ 
̫ӵ£ ӡ
Ũڵҹв̫Ӱ ̤ŵϵˮ߬סӻﻤǰд̿ͣȥ黹мǻŵģ̱ƹ ˵Ȼģ ÿӸһƬ⡣
Ӧǡ
ӻһ ˣΪ䣬ûٶ˵ һ뿪
۳ң ӻ綷ˮ ѾôЩ緶 ˵½Ժݣ ƺô¡ţ
ѾһûԷټʱȻһóȣֺʲôû䡣
˼ڿ
һӻֱһЩҲ§ʲôҲû˵
ǵվϷ˳ɡµȺеĻûѣѾӣվѾ˽ӹܡ
ӻ㱻Ϸ˲ȥҲûֻǽ˸֪˵˾ʲô
ϵ·ϣûмڵҪ˿Щ֡
ϲȳһʪӡδ£˼ӣмɾĿʯԡӣԡܿȪˮ峺͸Ѿȵġ
ӻ綳ЩɪɪϱȰҪܶ࣬һ·꣬òС
Ϸ۵òУæѵϵʪ·ŽһԵľͰС
غ·Ϸ˷ȥͬ˵ߺ󲻾ã̫ӵ¾͵ˡ
ӻ籧ϥڳУ|ɫĳˮסΣֻǿ¶ıһӷɣˮУá
Ҳôûʲô¡
ϷˮůҩЩˮ|׵ҩ۵ȥûܿˮĶ
³⣬ʱնôġ
ţӻü̧ͷϷҲ֪ô£ڳ˭ԡ͡
ҡ
ӻĿһ£ִʯϣҪ
ϷСӽôõ꣬öݣҪȻūȥӦ
ӻ΢΢ſڣ˻ȥŲŲסǽڣˮסԼؿڣ㣬Ҳûרͬһԡ֣ʱҲ档
ϷȻҲӻôģǲʢͬԡȤ£֪Ҳ㣬ҹ嶼ôûǵͬ˹һԡ
ÿ˨žͿ۵̫ӣﻹһľ裬ϷĵãæҪŹϣֵ̧ס
ֿʣҪʲô
Ϸ˶ϼȺľɤһȴûֱӽˣ˳ȥϡ
ӻϷŽд򿪣̧ͷ㿴߹ӳ֮£ױǰҪӲ࣬ɵɱ䣬ȡ֮ǳɳء
¿ˮˮ£ʣӦҲ˱ˮʲô
һܵĽҰ⣬㲻Ҷ£ϴȥɽôû߶߶ľһԣֱۣڻľϣ¿Ҳ档
ӻҧסǿԼ̧üģ۾ˡ
ˮˮӻӼתţԽȴԽղǷȻµģ
ôԶʲôˮôֵֹġˣѾˮҪǽ꣬ҲûҪߡ
ӻܹϷΪұҩԡҲϰߡ
˸ʵλã˫ʯرߣֱȥСȣԼСƣʣԸʵĻңǲˣ
ǰӲȦӣ룬ǲ룬򵥵ĶҪ̫Ρ
ӻ˶٣Ʋͷʵʵ˵һû㣬ȷʵͦ뿴ʲôˡ
ҫǲǾҳˣر˧
ӻ綢ͷӦӻ粻֪ƵսǼ꣬дĶɣ˵ǿӲ˳ǧһָۣ᲻һȴ˱սĲŸɣٶģ⸱ʵס
Բļͷ˳ºͣӻ˵ĳˮﲻǸûš
ֳ̧ͷԶԶģҲµõʲôгˣ˸󣬴ʲôҲһѺ֣ȱȱҲӲǿȱһԡ֮¡
꼸߱˶ˣǰͲףڸȲ|㡣
ӻ򴽣ˮ죬סֵĽźһ٣ʲôҲǿġ
ȲŸܹˣ㲻Ҫ档
ǱֻСֻǳ˵㣬Ҳôһ㣬ԽԽȥһ
ʱѧˣȣʲôʱ򣬻վǰһˣҿ϶ܾȻ㡣
ӻë֪̾·ϣҲܳϷʱ䡣
֪ʱ߸ϣû뵽һղűӻĵطҶ챻ˣһ·ֱȥ⽿εӱ˭ײˡҽЩ˵Ѿ
ӻ粱Ӷˮ£մˮһֱͰ봧ࡣӪͱദôãҲ֪ӻģϲô
Ѱ˼鷳֪Ͳȥ˵͵Ļ⣬ܼˣǰ϶ðúñ飬ˡ
ӻôǱǲǻУ
Ǹϴ֣ȷʵ½սУϹ˵СҲûҷſġ
͵͵ҪӻǱŲͻȻ㱳ȥ
㶣뿴ҪھܾʱĪԸ⣬͹ԹԵת˫ཻſڳر󱳸
ôˣһһֲãҿûǡ㡣ͣһ룬ǿӲԲȥ
һֻ׵ִӺľǿ貼
㻹㣬ʹѧ˲٣ɻʲôʲôӡ
Ҫְֻ
Ҫתʱȴֱӻֹˣԭأʣôˣ
Ķͷס󱳣ͬлл
磬Ҫ˵ֿջ°ͿԼֱۣͳʲô¾˵Ҫұҷ֣ҶҪԿͷ
ӻ̾СʱΣμԼͻ°ߣȻ˱ӦعӲ죬ɱһ׵ҹ
ʲôŵģĵԺΣҼӽȥȥ㣬Ǹɱˡ
ӻ̲סЦЦҲǰԵλüȥ
ǳǰǰ˵ƽôô䣬㵨Сͱŵˣ˵İɣԺ㸸׻ҪҾˡ
ӻʱԴûеߣǰļڸ˵ģΪʵܱȵù
Ӧһֱæллˣӻˮϣ˯ɣҴ㡣
û˯Ĵ㣬ỹϻؾӪ
ƺܶԷֻۣǱۣٴʱѾйһӻ紩øɾ·ڳر߿
ˮһֱȵģоԼ˯˺ܾãӻʱȴֻаӡ
һ̫ˣҪȻȥӪͬ˯ˣϢʱͲ˷ôࡣ
Ѿ򿪣ϷӻĶͲѶԡ䣬ˣʲôеģ
ӻɽڳرߣݸɣҲȥҲŸܹ꣬Ūʪ|塣
˭ϡ
߳һԼƹ谵ӹӻĶְֲѽȥľԴԼ·
ӻȫ̲ҿȴߵǰ£ͷ
ʲôӻ粻⣬ˣϷ˰ϸСᣬҲ֡
Ҳûעĺᣬֳֻŵأǰ㣬ֱȥҧ°͡
ӻ˻ۣˣʲô
Ϸæ
ȴסӻ°ͣͷŵƹ⿴һȦϸӡ֪ͻǰһûˣΪҲǳͿԵʲôûҿǰûá



52  52 
ǲǳ˵ ġ
ӻڴϣԼ°ͣ ˻һ£ Ϸ˹Ϳҩ ü̫ӵʵǺ óȻ㹲ԡ ҧ㣬Ҳ±ڱ˵ġ
ϻ£ ؾӪָı⣬ ֱվбһ䰲ӣ¡
ֲǴ˿ڣ ް ӻ΢ͷϷ˷Щ Ӧúæ ܳʱң ˡ
Ϸɫɣʣŵûʲô
ӻȷʵʲôû⵹ġ
ﶼģһʵ⣬ 󱳶ǽ׳ У ĵײһְȫС
ӣ Ǿ⣬ Բ˼ǰ¶ӣ˵нɶ࣬׽ŮӣһʱҲӦ
˵ɣϷȴ£ūŵľӴ˯ҪȻ޷ʰ
ӻʲôҲû˵²ֻ
һЩƽ϶ֱٲҲģ˵䣬ٳע
ĴΣµĻ׾ͱ˯ӿš
Ѿܾû棬˵ҲڰǰĶɽƽҲֻŵ
Ӳ̫ãؿܣϷͿҩҩսЯ̴ľϻȥźʹǷãȻȥʱҲ붬ӶഩһЩ
ӻ̾˵Щĸ׺СߣС߻СŸѧҪұͰ͵ᣬ˭˶ۡһսδƽ߲񻰣ǵһȥɽѾѧ˵֪ϲҡ
Ǹ˵ģ߷̫ðɽҪƽö࣬ʵѪȣֻƽסˡ
ӻڴϣصϵŲؿǰɿ壬֣ʱʱͣССϣȴûоŵ
ǾμĻͷȷʵá
컹ǻ谵ģֻаĹӴսҹ˯£Լӳʱ̫ѾǷȥӻ硣
Ϸʱպȥҩֻš
ֱŽȥһ磬׼ˡ
ӻ·ϵӦһԼҸطţҺܿͻˡ
㿴ϰڸ룬ʢţ飬һ¾֪ϷΪӻ籸µġ
ڣòҰ죬ֶڴµӻϵζԭֶܺζУЩûģܳߡ
ӻֶ˶
ʱѾĶ꣬óȷʵò̧Ĩŵţ鵹ûôζͺ͵ģϷ˸˶ұЩ
ӻоͷˣֻһȥ˵ϷصΪұģһЩ|ģ㲻ҶԺҲҪ˵ȥܻ¾ʹգҪᡣ
üȴ£һͬȥϷ˵ҩ
ҺþöûһˣҰɣӻ翴һˣˣûôԶţǲ˵˵Ҳãϲ˵
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̫ˣ߰ɡ
㱻ź뿪ĪǺһţ飬бҪŸ뿪
ΪãĴֻϷˡ
Ϸ˱˶Űһҩֻ󱳶Ҫ֪ôҲӻܹ
㲻ôͨҩֻʶòҩģڰ̵ҩ
仹ӻңвٵطѾĥӻҪʱֱŪ̲סЦֻ䣺Ҳ֪ƽʱҩֽţһⶫ֪ûأһҲܲµңǵþС
бӣ鲻ãⵢʱ䣬һ仰û˵㣬㵹˼ѵҡ
ӻ̾£뿪ֻиˣ£Ҳþͻ|㡣
û˵ֲ̫ˣ֪ӻ˱ԣôû棬Ȼص鶼ãרһʱ

һǰµģӪӢ£Ұ֮ƣȼŭسǽ׼Ӧϣһ㹥
ֻǽһǣѹƣѵǸںߵֳǡ
ӻվҩ뿪Ϸ˺ʰװ
УͬһУſϣʣҺ㲻һƣ治³ʲô𣿡
ϴȥʱһĪţȻ֪Ǵ˵ģһ˲˲飬вԾ
յɫУͦɣüĿƥߴ߬
û˵ӻӦ֮ߣЦʶˣֻ㵨ģ첻µز¡˵ڰ´£ʲôţ
òŵģӣ֪ʲô㣬ôʥּ̬ô¸ˣѲɻΪұ㣿
Ҳǣ·߹ٵҸ׵죬հƽղ٣ӻ⣬ߵôе˵Ҷ
ǱˣҲû˵µ£Ҳа꣬ö˵ȴ̫˵ÿÿȥҪ©ʲôս
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ӻҪʲôҡͷУղűڹ㲻Ҫǿҡ
֪ƽͨ˶Ȳǳƽ鶼ѵһ٣簰ҵºͣûƢǵñģһͬǡ
ӻ˶٣֪˵ûĿʲôֻ֪ǽ
̾
˳˳⻬ĳףӻȥӹһƥغûʿ뿪
ӻΧһȦ̤ţ
ֲʲôᣬԼͦԶ
ӻֻСϲܻĪ¡
ǣԱߣƥԼǿҲЩ£ƢѾ׷磬ֳòϣ¾ͳ
ӻ˿ˮԽԽԶ
ͻȻ˦ͷӻһſ±סӣս
㱻ˣ⵨컹һܣɷģһ⣬׷粻۸㡣
ӻ粻ԼƥŵˣߵҪΪ㣬Щʲôֲǲ֪Щ¡
˶٣֪Щ²ȤҲѧֹ鷳ϵš
ӻ绹ûӦϰ§
֪͸˳㣬סԱŲֲҪҷţˡôֱҶ
ӻ䶼ˣһģȷʵûտҲû̡
İɣֻû˻ᳰЦ㡭ֱ𶯣Ҳ̫ѽˣҾûôģˣһҲں
һ嶼ԽԽӻؿ΢΢ûͷұ죡



53  53 
ƽûڱΣ غӻǣ һǰһ󡣵Ҫǵʱ ɿ ͷѧͲѧ ôʲô
ӻûʲô飬 εϸģ úʵ°ۣ磬 ʲôֻ̫ɫ鲻Ǻܺá
ޱ ½̵
Ӻף ګګ סԼ һȦ ӻתͷܹ
ֲǹģǵԱߣԼһʱͷ
ˣ  Ȼǹ⣬ ֺαرҲҶ֮ͥ£ ɺͳ
Ҫ ӻûͷһ䣬ɵͷ˶һۣ㶡
ǼС£СòС
û˵˺һ°ͻȻſסӻһ֪˷Ӧ
ңûʲôס̡
ûˣЩ
ӻ̧ͷǽϵ֣ͬһۣЩʱŵ³谮޿֣󲻻ˣҪǣǱ߰ɡ
ӻû֪Ρ
ְνܽܵķΧԼҲ̫Ҫ뷨Ҳǰ㣬Ѿ⡣̫񻰣ֿ˵ٽһ
ûԼдȴỊ̄ǰ˵Լûֻ
سǵĶŲνʮģǺݴʷҲܳӣںݹ֮ʱ˼ƲߣӪѾûʲô
ӭǰӻòʱ۾һ¶üǰסŲνӡ
Ųν㶣ȿӻʱʱλƽӣñ³谮̫߰պǰ;
ȭӴһ治ͬڳˡǰһĹѾѴ̿ѹشΣҹۣ֮ǰ
˵ʱ򣬳ǽϲʱ¿ŵ͵͵Ƴӻ磬Ӽһò׼ŮӻŮӣŲһ
ӻϰЩߣϲ׿ڣҹ̣Ϣ̫ӵʲô㣿
ɫ߰ɡ
ӻһǡ
ǲŸսȥͣ£ڶԶŲν˵ŵıʿ¼ᣬس֮شǰûӣ´òļϸѲɻ߲·ֱУְʧ𣬻ںȥ½˾췣
أӻһ٣ԵĶŲνȴϰΪȭӦǡ
̫ѪͷӪÿ˶ͽŲνԼҲ⡣سССȴҲ׷ɾ衣
ӻ֪ڹһֱݲκɳӣӪֻмǧˣպΪľӢʿʱѾûʲô˸㡣
ǣаƺЩ㣬Ҳв˳ƽС˲٣Ƽɫڣ¸ߵʱ
ӽٳ·ˣߺ֪ݵڳʯȹ£ҲɲµòΣ˸ĸҲѹģҼŮҪͽӸմ⡣
۵Ļ࣬һⶼǿ޵ģӻմ˸׵Ҳ˸顣
û̫仯·ϵһֱûֵطƽĳߣƽжʢɼһߡ
ǰɱͳĴ̿ͣйأΪʲôҪ֣ӻ֪ͳʱûŮݣճԣ˭ûвα˶º֣
ʹʵвһţ̿ϣûйϵԳԻʵ۵Σ밵жֽţ̿Ҫεķǡ
˺ӣܣв󣬿Ǳȴֿʼʱ̹ˣֶΡ
ʲô
ͻȻӻ񣬷ͣһլǰǰɭϣмСŵȺҡͷûʲô
ҹֳ̽̽ǣס¡
áӻûзãԲ̫˵Լݺһ¶Ųνӻ磬뿪
Ųνԣӻ磺ôˣĳʶ侲ͣѹҲǴ²ое㲻̫һ
ӻͶŲν죬ֻ̫ӵµ˼Ӹò²ģҰ£ЩˣȽȥϢߵҽŮˣԺӾС
ŲνϣЦӦû׷磬ƥıأû̫ӵڣ˭±ߵûľˣȻǣǣȥʱȥǵ治
ӻ΢΢ſڣ˵һȻЩƢϰɣͻȻʱ˳ļë
ͨҲͨһǰҲû˵ƥô
ɶŲνҲûҪƭֲ֪ìܡ
̾ϷûҲϣӻ粻ţǣȥŲνҲ³µģһͬͬ
ǰ˵ӴŶ࣬ǻûκãкЩλҽϴ򣬶ĳɴΪ
ãҽŮ
ĳ˻ʹҲҽֱĳ˵УҪȥ䣬Ҳɽ϶ĳķأ٣ɺĶࡣ
Ųν껹ûȢޣŮԳԣӴͿԿóӻЩøУԿڷ硣
ӻߴˣĻ˼ҲûĨֻҲ֪Ų˵Ƿһ̫ӵµĵ̣ŲνĪҪӡ
ûʲô飬ֻ˵ԼûиоϴӪ£ŲνȻãǸ֪еߡ
ŲνͻȻͣ½Ų׷ƥֵĴǣʱʲô
̫ӵ˲ûУµĽǰƿСؼҸϽҵ裬û㶯ɳ侲Ų裬̫
Ųνȭ񣬹ࣺлѣǶĳԽǣ˶ĳŵĻҪ̫ӵ𡣡
ӻͷ̫ˣֱӰߣϢ
˼ͬѼȴҲˣŲνʼӻ籣־롣Ǵ󣬵ûȥ̫ӵˡ
ӻǻ㱻СȥϢʵۣҪþϻʱƣ̬
Ӳðڷż࣬û̫ิӶװΣӻϣҲû·ֻǰѹصϵɣǺýʼ˯
ȫȻھʱȥ£˯ĴϣϢ˯ȥûԼġ



54  54 
ӻ˯һ ʱϷ˲ڣ ɫ谵ûƣ ϡᣴµģ
ſڴ˯ һ£ǽˣַǰϵ O@Ķ㳳ѡ
̧ͷ۾ôˣ ӻ侲ʲô
ҵӡ
ӻʱˣ ס죬 Ҳû ǰ·Ūãѣ ҪЬ뿪ʱ ȴֱֵס
ÿ
Ĭһ ˵Ҵˡ
ӻ簴סüģôͻȻͷˡ
ֻѾȥûϣ ҲûҪٶᡣ
ϵľֹ̫|ˣ ûô롣
ֻ¶У ʥּһᴦ óûɢ ֱҽλ飬͵Ϯ촬ǱѾȥϵˣȣ֪ѾϢǸᣬһġ
ӻ翴
һֱ˵Ҫ췴ⱨ˲ţЩҶ޹أ˴ĵĸ֣ܶ࣬Σ֮ȡϾӱػл֮ʣٳû͹ʤӡ
ӻЬ˵̫ӵͬ˵ʲôΪӣ½Բɲء
ϵϵﵢ顣ӻǰһֱŭ㣬Ҷ̫ǻԺóЩ£ϵһȽϺá
뾩Ƕʱ˵仰Ҫʲôʲôǵ𣿡Ҫ㲻
ӻ㣬˾˵ĪЩСߣ֪Լһ޴ҾСû취Ǹкӣڶ챻Сް
̾ͷϴΪ˼Ҳܽܡ
ûΪԼ粵ͷ˵ˡ
Ѿ˼ںڰ񿴲ӻҲǱˣŰգϴٶȿϡ
ӻߵǰҲд¸÷ˣҲϲ˶
̧ͷ游ӾţԽԽ㣬ʵ˵õѣ˭ҲȲϡ
ĸõ˭Ҳֻǵ¡
ԽԽãҽ˵ûٻͷӲŵڡ
ӻ粢޹صڣһ·̫ӣľΣӻԼֻǸᱳѣҲһֱѵ淢ӵ󣬿Ⲣðݱ|¶ΣպԽ졣
㷳ŪԼͷʵ벻̫ףƵ£ҲܶΣֻǵص㻻ϣбҪ
˰ˣԺҲ£ҶᣬվϵĻҳ磬߰ɣȥԷˣ϶ûԹߵĺ⣬ص˸㱸ʵġ
ӻ翴ͷˣüһ̫ӣȥ˵˵㲻ɹء
ʮԽԽӣֹ䣬պҪȢޣҲ֪˭ܵסƢ
ӻƢھǳĺãԼѾҹΪ޵ĵһˡ
㲻ñ˽ӻֻܰǼ¾ôȥ˶ĬԺٳ¡
һԼٰӻǵһ־Լ̫ӣƾʲôǨиִһʣͷξԼŤŤ
ӻ粻֪뷨Ƿʵּ⣬ģʱ̫ӵðգʱҶҲˣ࣬Ҫ¡
ʱ䲻࣬ͷ£ãֳӽֻܵȥٴӻһ˳̸
˾ƾʲôɫ

ǰնƽӵĺԶڶ̫ӣӻÿγʱôһȺ
ƽĲնӪפҲûôִ˵㲻١ĺսӢηӲӲûк³Ҳûôɵ
ֳǾ󲿷ɺƣĴӿٵ·ۣ£һ˲ѹ򣬻ױ
壬Ȩʧܱʵᵽƶ֮أΪ̫ӵȻ֮ǡ
˾ҵϢʹ£̫ƽй˶ı㣬˾֣̳ᣬ֣̳ҵշˮŵ´˾ʧܣû˾Ĺ͡
Ҳô룬ǻʵ۵ܵޱҲأϥµĺٸҲ߲ȥûֻǸδɵСӡ
ԺݾĲͼıΪ߳ǣȿݹ֮ʱµķʧȥһǣֽܱ˽ݣΪ˳Ц
ͷʹѾЩû˯
ҹڣڰֲãأ߲˳ˢɳ̲ͷʹˣ˯žټʿǰ̫ͼԱͻϮ¡
һλȰүϢŭǰһ֪̫Ҫ͵ϮӪֻҪ׼ɱƬײ
һƨ|ڿķΣȽͷҧгݵ̽ӻر˵Դû뵽ΪԼսתԸ֣ʵķӻԭⲻңѡ
Ӵһλλвϣ֣̳֮ͬˣƾͼư̫ӴڳӪжֽţ罫
ıʿ˵ںʱıű仯ˣ׽͸̫çײ׼ˡرϱʿ¬һ֮ԼǿϷǡ
Ա߸ϽһѸղ˵ıʿɫȻǴڷŭ״̬ıʿֻܱ졣
ֳǽ䱸ɭϣӪңʹıֻй߳õıֶΣΪԼʤҲǼ£ʲôʱ͵ϮӪòôĴ⣬ӪЩսĽʿҲثַ±ѹӲͷҪ֮һз紵ݶҶ֪ʤ㲻󡣡
ӪںսԶڵϣ󼻳˲ʢҲֻضĵط
ɫһŻӶװˮͭУССͣƶˣɲֳǴ󣬴Ǳ߹̫ܣҲ׼
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ҹ£ڵǼţ¹ⰵսĶ䣬úֻ³ꡣ
СŻܣףסĳ²Ѫ̤صư

ӪפǶƽأЩΪӦƵǲϵ˳ߴټӿԣӺݵسǽʿսʱ
ЩǰвҲǰϣ˴пһ˿Ĳá
ӻѾȥԾ㲻ľԼˣֻǾˣֵĸо
˼һ£죬ԼҲ죬ûҪЩֻܾܹ㲻
̫ɽһǣʵҹɫɢӻ˯ţϷʱ˯̾·ţڱ̨ϣǼһҹûӡ
֪ȥˡ
ҪһסڵԸ䲻סͬһӣסͬһԺӣŶ档
߻ȣαƹ
Ժûţ꣬۾̫ãȴҲϵóӻӰͣ£ʣô⣿ǵĵ£
ӻ̧ͷȽһ壬صֻǾȣ˯ȥ
ϴδӶɽߵƽӻյɽʱ棬֪Լµĵ
̫ӵıԣϳԿƢ꣬׶ŭݲ±˵⣬ʹֶΣҲ
ҵܡӻֻ̾Լǰ֪ĻĽ
ĵҲûԭʱǰͷһͷҰţʿʱΪܹ裬ȴ֪ܹˡ
ӻûͿ˵̫õĻʱ˴ϲ̫Ӵսݣ



55  55 
ӻʤʱɿ
ɤ۵ķ£ ҪϢʱִͨŴ˵̫ӵ±͵Ϯ ͱһ˵Щأ Ųˣ ھӪҽΡ
һϷ˶ûüҴȥ˾Ӫ
ӪĴ˱٣ ҽʹھΣӻʱᵽŨصѪζ ü ²ʸУ һСȥӪʡ
ӪкüͲνڣ ؿƸֲײ žۣ ͵ϴҩ ɫ԰ףüȴһ£侲ڷԸˡ
йһԣ ͸Ѫ Գͱڲ٣ |һŸнʵļ⡣
ӻȥʱûͨ վӪſڣ ΢΢߬
ȥŰסüģһ̧ͷͿӻ硣
ȻЦˣû˵ֱϴҩƿһӻæߵߡ
ָӻסĴ֣ʣô£
һҲûԿ۾ӻ磬ƺôԼؿڵˡ
ڰ˿ڣл˵ú£ʱ˵һ̫ӵҪúϢ
ӻڴԲ£ȴĴʾ˵Ҳͷ
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˯ţͲ𣿡ϼûѪɫӻʾճСеСߣ緢ģرͬղ侲ǰԸģһ
ӻס֣ͷԼȡ
㲻ʾ˾ʱлʵ˽ֵһĳ໤˾⶯Ӫ֣ҲҵϷ漸κ󣬶Ӱսؾ棬򣬸˿ԼӴҲǿǡ
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ӻָͣ˿ԣ̾Ժ鲻٣ǲСЩ£̫Σˡ
ҳµģ䣬֪ǹϵ˵ЩйصҪ˵һʱ飬ĵҺ˵ʱն׼
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˵ʲô
һЩ߰Ļ϶棬㻰˵һͲ˵ˣҪ˯ˣҽ˵˵Ρ
ԼҸλã۾ϡ
ӻɣ󲻹ǰװ̳кû֪£˽°һ֮£֪ôĻˣ
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ŲνзɽĸɺѪ㱨ֳǵ£ס˵̫ӵϢͬ
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̫ӺӼĹϵһ˵¶ϣٯٯȷ޻Ҫ׽û⵨Ҳʱǰ

ֳһ̴ƯֱӰϳˣݱؾǺʵ۴ϲּͣӻ粻ж˸ǧĶʹ͡
˶˵Ӽҵĵó裬ֻزʼӻ¡
ฮʱ·С̫Ĳ鷴Ȼʵ۵أüζûȹ
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Ŀҩζʮ㣬࿿ŴΧһţĦʵ̫ӵӪû˷
̫ӵӣϲ徻ûʲôˣֻÿʱдȥ̫塣
ŷ˶ҩ߽ð̽ȥ̫̾ӼңʱҪ̫ʤµ̫£ƽûˣƫҪӷߣϵóԺҪǱˣǺã
̫ӵŵĲӼңֻӻ磬˻ƣұһУȰȰסҪǼ±|¶ӼҹͷҲ˳̫ӣƽƹʢڶ֮ΪӼҸҷһӦ
㲻˵Ҳ˵֪ŷ˰ҩһߣ̾үúѾùܳҪٲôࡣϴιŹһҸŻˣսûТ˳һѲҩ
̾ҴӦȵۣҪúø£дδܼʱǷ̫ӵ»ֵӣһ㶼û䣬ⲡˣܽӼңҲ
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ŷһŲϣδ̫ݶƽͳֻôһӣҪฮԺǻǴүֱӰԼߡ
̫ӵλӻֲû࿪ڣ£̫ӵҲͬӼҾѣ̬̫һӶ
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ģȻֻЩѪζȥӼʼǲȫģ̫ӵҪӡ
ǰѾɰ̽ȥ飬ʣµıȫƻ
ӼҲ



56  56 
ǵˮ ʱҲӰ첻ݡϵأ鶼ɹƺ Լˡ
ӻ䣬 Ϸůֵͭ¯ úôٳȥ
ӻǱɲ˵ ƮˣҲں ʱ͵ܳȥͱ˺칦ơ
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Ϸţ ҧȰһ䲻Ҫϣ ȴֱӻҧһ䵨ŵľ ֱҪꡣ
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Ϸ˿ӳϸ æס ˼ ̫ӵ£ 򲻵ã ǧ򲻵ã
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֮ӻѧһЩרŸҩ
ҩ˿۵ģ⿪ɴڴϣüͣ
Ӳʵ|⣬Ǹ̵ĺ֣ҲͿ֪Ҫġ
ӻҩɴֳһ
ѶŻؼϣһҪٻҪȻԣʲô֪
ӻ絹һľԲϵ裬ιȣֺҶֱӰѲˮոհõɴϡ
ٴ˵´ٺƣҶ㡣
ʵ˫ۣӻ˫üڰؿڣ˶˵òʤŮӣ޸оֻСͺܻչˣ벻
̧֣ӻ޷һ̴ٵĺѹ¡
һΪˣȿдãʱ̧ͷ˵ôˣɣ̫ˡ
ûֻǸӻ۾΢΢
ɬģ|Ů֮ûκ츳|Ϸܻͼÿÿһ·ʱ䣬ȥϰ䳡ѳ
ӻعתͷܿ㣬Ҫƿʱɴʪ⣬һ٣վûģֻǵ˭˻ҧҲӣ
绪硭ϲеɵִǰȥ°ͣһֵֻӻѵġ
ˣû
رѹסܣסţ̧ͷں˵ʱ˿ӡ
ָΪ÷۰һƬ⿪ϻйɵѪζĪúͱϵĲһֻǵѪζӳصĻ䡣
ǳģǻ⣬֪Լʲôֻ˳⣬ͷβҪ
ȼ޾ϨˣӻʱѾˣȶվȡԼ£ϷԷʱ˵
ʱѾ쵽磬ͷ۵ã˾ƣȴһζԼֱʱᵽϤζ
ҹȷչС˻´ˣ˴ȥǽߵ˶
ԼԼһ㣬ѾƲ裬Ц˵ǼˣŲνѱˣӲȥ췣
Լǰˣ̫ӺأŲνȻֲ塣
СΪѵ»ǱܶŲνˣӽһ춼ûš
üƢԽԽˡ
˵˵ͷȥӻ硣
ӻʱѾˣںҩƺû˼ƳȥֱӹţƽͬǲҪѣûʲô˵ģҲϲƺֻϣǾҾͲٵġ
ó棬ͬǰ档
쾭Ժӵ˶̫ӵȥӶӵţ˵Ҵˣ㿪š
ӻֻմӳϸ·ˣҪˣԼȥҪûǾɡ
һͲԾˣ˶ȥѲǰʹԴ󼻳̫ӣԽˡ
ӻ磬˭
ţԺ󲻱ң̻ضɽպҲ
Ҽ񻹲𣿡

ݵ鴫ÿ죬ûøݶ˵ˡֳܹǣС
ûһ£ǾʹϢಡΣ
游Сж෬̵Ϣһ㿪ʼʰװؾ
ӻһСìܣûȷмЩۣû̫ãӻڶϾͬͺˡ
ŲνԼ㰵ԣƽɸ񶼼ˣԻ߶͡
ӻ籾ûضɽסţΧˣ߲ˣֻȥǡĸʵæ£֮٣żԲһ



57  57 
߸߹֮ϣ ¹أʿȽҹ·ҡҡλΣ᣺ʵ
ӲӻϷ˱Ȼһִϥϣͷ۾ֱ˯һԱӻ磬 ȥ
Ҷ˵Ժ󲻺Ⱦˣ ףҵǵˣ
Ҫӻ磬 ǵúúýѵһ٣ƢҪﵽͷˣ ǰʲôġ
ûҹѾˣ¾Ͳ𣿣ӻӱﴫ Ƶģ ˣ̫˵Ҳҡ
ȥ ַԼýģ ֻһ ߸ס ָסԼֱӴϣֱӾͰ§Ҳ˵
ӻ˫΢΢߬ǰ½̾Լԣһò֪𱰣
̫ˣ¡
屾ˣðճţòʧ
ҸͲҸ˸𣿡
ӻ̾ûúϢɡ
ϻμˣڣμڿңһڷŭ̫ںδ
ҪεǲǼ򵥵Ŀ䡣
ӻ侲ģķӦ֪ûģֱͬչ㣬һֱҵ֣Ҳ֪μʲô
²˵ˣӻϵã˭֪ӻҲһΪ룬ΪȣҪ֪Լʲô£һ
õֵܣҪӻҰΣѹ£ҧ
ô˵𣿡ӻ֪ʣҲҪӣֻ壬Ҳðա
ôӻֱײ۾Ҫˣ
۵ú˯ûʶʱ˫ֻ§
ӻЩǰǰ״ģʰΣ֪
ϴںûƶҲȾѪһŮܿԼΡ
˵һ䲻ʱͷ䣬Ժ󲻻ˡ
ֱҲûԼд˺ȾչˣҲ˵ùȥܸܵӻĺܲá
Сãٻʱû˵ˣҲֻ⡣
ӻ˶٣ְ̧סüģûʲô˯ɣҪ·ؾǣȥƵѹЩҪȻ˶֪̫ӵӢ¡
Σƭ

˵չ鲻ͬҹ·صʱǡʮ³ѾʼҪѩ
̺ƺƵ̤𳾣ƽɱ֮ӻǰڱԣҲӶתȥǰõλٻؾһ춼̫䣬Ӣۡ
ӻؾǰ˿ԲվһؾӻѾСߣٳ⣬·һֱںҩ֣һڣҩ̫ɬ֮ÿϢʱ۽Ͷι
ʻƽ̹ĵ·ϣس֪ӽչ龩ӭ׼ฮŰڳŴȺԱǣƥ˳Ҫȥ칦衣
Ϸƿ⿴Ϯ˸ֵƺе̫ˣӻǱ̫ӵ³ȥˣȥ˯һҲá
ӻǲȥʾĻȾˣûɾܾȥԲ裬Ҫٶ죬ֱӰߣӻûֻӦ¡
нǣǰ磬²ݳ裬ҶݿζܲЩרŶż䡣
˶ΰ֮ˣ·Ҫ͵͵һۡ
·ߵ̯Ѿ˺ö̷꣬æ߷һθߴ׳˶ˣǾʿñңֻ¶°ͣȴҲóòӲʡ
̷̯ͬ죬ڴڵس棬ֲʱ̧ͷ㡣
ƳһۣǸվĴǮҲûзϣӻ硣
ӻ粻֪̾Ϸ˵ů͵ģõҡ
Ϸֻһ½󣬵עⰲȫջ
ӻף˫ƿţ΢
쵽ǰӻ̧ͷֻ˿Ȳֲ߲ˡ
ֱмýģͺ̷̯˶ԭأСһ²Żع
ӻòȴǰˣºÿϸüǣڷ˿£СɾµĶа棬ůֿɰһ˫ɾ͸·ƣֺʲôŲ۾
Ǻܾǰ˵òʤһ˵ĴԣЩȥɽʱҲûٴΪȥ˶ɽ˼ɣֱӰ˰
ʱ鶼̫ãһֱ飬Ҳ̫ܲࡣ
ӻİ·࣬񼸲㣬ס塣
ķ˿ӻְֻ̧סͷһϤòϤսͻȻβ׵ϣͺ񱻶߶ϰΧסֽţھ¡
ؿӻ߬ʶܣȴûκοɵӰ
ڴǼð̧ȥϸʵôˣ
ĺȣһӻعҡҡͷûñ˺ö࣬࿴ۡ
ӻѾ亹ֶڲмûйָоͻʵԶҹӱ޸·˵ҲҪһµʱ䣬κȫûбҪ
㿴ûٶʡĻĶһ£Ҫ澩б仯һ־壬ֻǴһ·ߵһСȻס
ڣǰ
ӻ㶣ָҪ۾ϣ򴽣ָ
ӲͣƥѾЩ£㱧ӻ磬ͷüǲͦõôؾˡ
ӻͷ˫ָֽ߬ⷢף˺һŵǽӣѾһûؾǣɣ˿Ͳˡ
ӻӻѹʯŵЩϣ§ףƢͦеôСĥߴ
ȥȲɣҲ˵Щ¡
㲻ôŻͱɫӣӻһ·ȥ
ֱں棬游ڻһ˵ؾˣһ㣬ȥȥȥҾͰؾˡ
ӻȻʣʲô£
֪˵˵ƽ£˶٣ڿû£ҽ˵岻Уˣźߣǰᡣ
һֱƽѲ˸ϵ˽࣬µˡ
ӻĴǣôȥŸӼҺżҶһꡣ
ŸңٹȥżҺӼһ᲻ϣóȻݷã˵˾ȥ֣ӻ£ס멣յţĸҲҪһˣʱٿ



58  58 
ӼҺżҵĹϵ򳤹̬ȸԣ ʹǶһɣϾǲϡ
ӻ䲢û̫̫ӰСʱͲ͢Щ¡
ͬȲ裬˵ĻֻһԣûĻȥةฮ
֮⣬ ϵһš
ʱϣ Ʈѩӿ£뻽գ ʵڵ磬ӻ糤£ ޺ҩˮݽţԱ߷Ÿȼ̼Ŀͭ¯
Ϸ˸ů¯ӣôˡ
ӻŸϷˣЩˣ ǲЩϤ
Ĵһֱߣ Ϸɻӹͷۡˮ֣֣ ͶϷһŷ ɫҲԽԽ𾪣 ̧ͷʣ͹ģ
ӻ˵ͷ ЩڳźĺˣסڶɽҲ˻ϼңӸİ£Ѿ鲻ۼЩֽװдסַм˶һ
Ϸţôܣѵϣ̫Ӱˣ
ӻصģû˻ȥӳʱЩҲǶڲܲ壬ҡҡͷǲŸջؾûãǸ࣬ҲôʱڰЩ鵽һؾ֮ǰӦþѾ˶ֲ顣
̫ȫˣϷ˻˵˭˵Ļ©Ǳ|¶ˣ
ӻ侲õΪĿĲֶΣҳЩ¶ҲѾȥʮ꣬ĸҲݣ벻̫ΪʲôҪЩ͵ϡ
ͽе˶ĿȾ£Ҳܴ²µЩȨ룬һ̬ȴЩ׽͸
ǱĿģӣðж֡
ϷҵȻӻ統кԲСϳ©鵽ӻ棬Ѿľսӻ缸߳ģ|¶ݵΣ֪
ӻ˵ȲҪȥܿͿ쵽ǣʱȰ˵ȥҲ١
ӻ˶٣֪˵ϵ£̧ͷϷˣ֪ĸײϲ̫ӣ¾Ҳ޼£ֻ̫ҵѣҲ̫š
Ϸսţ˵Ӵ
ˣӻĻҴ̫ӵΪ߰Ļᡣ
ѾӺͿµĴûǺ£
Ϸ˰ʣµĻʻؿУӻ߶꣬£֪㲻ϲˣӻٺãҲܶ˵ĸ顣
ȥЩۣǹҲˣСߵʱȷʾӣ̫ûκιϸ
ӻ£סۣ˵岻ãڵӼҿû⣬俼ˣʲôĸô꣬ûױ
ͻȻһ٣ͻȻһ£ԶڶɽСߡȻܰЩ޹ؽҪ˶СߵĴڣҲѾ֪
ϷûӻʣӦ
ӻ糤ϸ䣬Ϸеûһ飬һʱͻȻˡ
С߻Сй¶ĴڣֻǴӱﱧƵģ඼ܰĽŲףûһӡ
Ϸ˶µģ֪ЩʲôֻҪȥǧһȥ̫ӵ¡㲻ϱĴҲã

ӸżҰ˵ȥ壬вٹԱȥΣӻȥһฮзִ磬һǰȥðգߴ˰̽
챾Ӧһ𣬵Ϳʼ̵ӣѴµĻȫظر鷳ʲô䲻Щ£һЦˡ
ӻǰûôأʼΪ췴ʧܣ㴦ˣ룬ŷ˸ǲѻλ
ѷͳûǴ˾Ѿֱ꣬ȫ˸ݣ͵أ֪
شǿͨ͸ģ֪ǵĲȣ֣ˣھǸ׵
Ƭѩ£ӻ紩಼ʵ멣յŸ˳ӭ
ƽСˣϷҪտӣһǰ䱸
ӻΣ̧̧֣ƽ˵󣬿ڵ˵ҪңԱǰ̽
ŸȻǵ˷ԸϹϾү֪Ҫص鷿Ⱥ̸
ӻڣʣ˵ʲô£
ĺз·ӵӣ¶ĵطȫ˾ͺ֪ͬ˵һЩйƽ¡
ӻ㣬΢΢ͷ̫ӵԼʱԲ裬µ̫ʱ䡣
ǽˣ뱻Ÿ¡
˵үû˵Ҫ̸ãȻ̫ӵԼӦʱ
ӻϸüû˵ƺĲ̫һ
Է֮鷿ŲԽԺӣиִµۣŲٲܼ˵Ķرء
˰쵽鷿ſڣһүӵˣһԡ
͵ͿȳһѹʾֱŽȥ
ӻֱ˸ЩϤŻȴ벻
߽ȥְźϣһɪɪ硣
鷿ЩֵңӻüߣߵʱһϤŻѪζǼ⡣
ٿȻԣǰÿᣣϣɴ۾һذֱֱؿڣѪ˿ӿ¡
ӻ˺Ҫ˽ʱͻȻһۣǰڣȥ˱ڻ
ٴʱǰذѾϣѪŷһԲͣؿޣݺݵض



59  59 
ӻĵһ뷨Ǳˡ
ֳĻЩңƺзҹĺۼ ౻˷ƽϣ Ѿ͸ˡŷڵϣ޵ȥ
ŷѾȥҽ ȥ٣ ӻϣϽѪöġ
мĶӣŮ 鷿صأͨ˴ġ޳һţฮ˶ڽ䱸 ŷˣ ޲ҪӻƤ
ŷǵ͵Ůӣʮ궼н¶ֱ飬 ȻΪӻġ
ӻ࿴ۣ ߬һЩ ʹԼ侲 ڵѹصǰŷˣӼҽû󶯾ȴҲǺǵģ Һǰ̽࣬ ȴ˴ң δ̫Ӽҷ
ذڵϣ˰Լժ
ˣӻ֣Ҳ޶ɱε֮ǰֻֽͣҪôײд̿ͣҪôԵݡ
ŷѾͣһ˫۾ݵô㶾ȴΪ޵ûվվֻܱӷס
ڳ߹٣ƫ̻ǶƽӹֻһǳĺУԺΪ󡣵׵ҲС۾ҲǺġ
ѪҲҪе֤ݣײͬӼһɸΪ񲯣ڳΪ٣֪Ӽҵó裬һáĻ׳ʱֻڳѲӻҪһ丸ݺ㣿ɳܿЦ
Ƕ࣬ο֤ݵǷ֣ŴһѪ˵ܶϣ޹һнڹٸУû֤Ҳֱӱ˵ң̫飬Ҳԩˡ
ӻôӣ˵еģЩͱˣฮ֮еҽŴǰȥ˹Ҫԩңҹܲţҵףȴ˭ġ
ȥҽҽһϹʱͼվŷ߿޸ͣ
Ѿͣˣ٢ҲȲˡҽŴ˵ĻӲͷƤӻǰ󾱡
ӻĹǼƫСȴû˵޹ؽҪ£ŷ˺κ˵ӳţ|ϸۣȳ˸ºۼµ䲻󣬵ҲȷʵһЩӦǲǰػ
ӻź󾱣ڵոѹְ˭Ҳ˵ĿҲԽԣӻѾмλ˵ѯ
壬Ѿӳ˾ӼˣµӹԱ٣ݷõԲ١
ӻ϶ѪѾЩɺԣֱһվ鷿δҡ
ŷֱִסĸ˼˻СүȰΣЩ¶֣òײ¿ڣ˵ףα´˺֣ΪЩֽűٻ㣿ǿݶˣ
ŷˣѾ϶
ӻһ٣ŷˣŴ֪ŷ˵ˣæĸͿˣڳΪ٣˵ֻ
ŷҲһЩй˼ЩҲ˵ģӻ粻ûʵ۳谮Ӽӡ
ӻӷٻ뷽Žʱ龰ŷƺݣ֪ϺȷС߶鵽ˡ
Ѿ֪ŮǸòŷסѱó
ӻֶ߬Ǻݵģ硣
ŷ벻ûйϵӻ޹ر޹ء
µ²ղ˰һġ
鷿رأûһ˼˳룡˵٣ֻүһġŷɲԱߵĲ豭ҹȥŴ촭
ĸף黹δ¶ۣʹãѲ豭Żȥȥ
ӻ΢΢רŴ˰ҪฮѣʲôҲˣ²ŻصѾıɱسΡ
µѩԽԽ鷿ԽԽֱ࣬뿪̲κҴҸϹ鷿̽ģû뵽ͻȻͳ¡
κǲӻ£Ҳû£ڰؿڵˣӻ簲һߡ
ȹһӺκŵүؿڵ˸ɾ䣬Ӧϰ֮µģС̲˿ڡ
κ飬ΪүҪǰ֣ԼΪļ֤ݣŷˣָһ
κΪѣӻ粻Ƕһɣȥ̲⣬ӻҪ̤̲ţ°оͻۣػ˼붫Ĺϵ
ӻ簲һͻȻóӲϵѪŷͬ˵ҪһЩ£δʲô£ŷ˼Ȼ϶ɱˣҲ֪Щʲô£Һÿǲֵðɱˡ
ŷû˵ԱߵŴҲǶͷðЩ˴£ܲǲ͡
κ֪СҲʡ͵ĵƣ漰࣬ӽϸڸ֪ϳҲ벻Ҫţ¶ˡ
ӻӦһԼ¶
Ҳ׽һ֣ӼҺżҵĹϵǳױˡ
ĳЩԱ֪ʲôͱŸ˳ȥӻ˵ǸǲģżҶѾʼ䱸ɭϡ
Ҫ뿪ฮʱŴҴҸϵ
ӻ̧ͷ߸־̲Աɫ纮ÿԽʦˣͻûκԤס
ŹԱֱӴ·кûӻһų̂ʱûע⣬ͻȻһˣһбƽϽҪûסǰ§ס
ᱧ
ӻ㶣ֿڵҲ֪˭ɱ࣬ĿĺԣҪӼҺżҵĹϵڿɹˡ
ϢʱѾ˼ӽϲǿˣһȫȨ𣬡˵ഩ㣬úϢ
ҲҴȥҲҴңͬһѾฮһӻϻմŸѪߴıӰȥ´ᣡ
овӼҵϢðѹ£鴫ҥӴˣȥĵطӻӻóŷ⣬԰ڣͬżйأֱӽ̲
ӻȷʵǱ˴εģŷ˽֮ǰѾѹһΡ
һ㷢ԼðѴѪĵûˣֻڷϡ
鷿ʱûңԼʱ̫ԣɸǸɱˣԲű˹
ѾڣʱٳˣٿĪ硣
ĿĵʲôԲУһöࡣ뵽ģӦûиϢֻһЩ˵Ϣ
ǽ˷ȻҵһЩܼ˵Ķǰ̽Ϣװдӣݡ
̲鰸ֻ꣬˼ܲ޹أЩֻѡ
żԼƽտУҪȥյԵʱӼҳ֣ǰȥˡ



60  60 
ฮһƬ鷿ŵƣ һ棬 Ѷһ飬ûֵĵط
ֱͦ أ ʵױȴǰҪ죬ǰɵ
鷿ϤСʱÿฮ ඼ڴ˴Ρ
ӻɱɱȻģʱеڡǽͰĶ˵Щ鼮ҹ
Ŵ˷ȵŷ˽ ж ӭǰȥ£ĸôˣ
ŷ˽ҲʮͻȻܴס֣ ۾ͨ ɱ游һӼСӣ
һ٣ ҡͷĸ ߿ˣûô˵ЩҲûʲô塣
ŷſǻֻ˭ܶ游´˺֣һװģ
㱧ȭ ͷ񣺡֪游 ǻģ Ҷģɱ游ˣҪ֪û֤ݱ㷣ӼңֻᳰЦޱ͵Ц
˵ʵûƫκһˣŷ˽Ѿ޵һ죬ӻͣȥ
ٵһ䣺һס
ŷ˺ҡͷеģ游ͬ˵Ҫĳ֤ݣ˵ǳⱧģƽӣ游϶ǺᵽЩŭͷŶ游´˶֡
Ŵ̫Ӿ˾ˣ̫Ӳ̫׽Ӷ࣬ƣ߽ͬνһĸף˵Щ˽|¡
üʣĸ
֪ԣһֱȰõϢҲ˿ڣŷ˿޵þˣƵģ֪нգҾȥӼСӣα
⻰һ˵Ͳ˲ԣûôױȰǲ鵽ʲôı⡣
ȻǺӻйأͬйصĶ
ɫһ󲽻ذϷңŴ˲֪ɫôͻȻˣԱߵŷʹŴæĸס
ŷ˿޺游屾ͲãΪͱ¾ϹᣬӼСԩʹĵط游ûаԲĵط
һ٣ͷ˵ĸµҲ֪Сίǣ浽游Ҳ𡣡
⻰ȫƫŸŷҲ˼ᣬЩĸ׵Ŵüȴ
С˿ӻʱˤһӣ԰˱ί֣ǲ˼ϥҪ
ŷĨͲûؾǡ
ֶ˶٣һ˵ûʲôȥһ֮ؾܸʹҲӦõġ
򿪰ϻţд̫ӵ
ִһ⣬ֻһͱɫ
ջУŷ˸ǣ˵˾ĻĸҴƫã漰游ұǱ˽ƫ˭ҪҸʣٹ֪ĸ鵽Σ˾˺úչĸҪ֦
뿪ŷ˺ûס
ţ˵ƽʼйأǱӼ֪ضıӻ뿪ฮԾȻ˽´ӻйء
ģɵ˵ۣӻֻɣûκαʾҥֻԽԽס
֣ӼζǳԿһ
ûฮ
ܽ͵Ҳӻʾ˵ĵˣļƻҲס
ûϵͻ֦ڣк˵Բ飬ѹҲܰӼҡ
󼸾仰
зţûü

һҪҾΪڳΪټʮأ£⡣
ӻһ̲±Ҫһ𣬲Ҳֲһ˽»ɡ
ӼҪմݺͳ۵㣬Ҫ
ѶԼ֤ݶߣȥ֮һһŵذŸˣͭ¯ȼлҽὦ
ӻ翴һԲݾصģôܲ˳鵽ף
λؾֵΪʲô
ѩѹ֦辣ҡҷӻԡ꣬Ǻ˵ģϷڰᷢӻϸ޳ʱĻǡãŮӣҲö¡
춼ѩؾ·ϱѩ谭Ƴһ졣
Ϸ̾Ѿӣ˵ӼżҲϡⲻ˭Ҵֵȥ˼ɱˣôţ
ӻ˫ȦſСϣڵҸջʱѾȥѹϢ˵ᴫ̫죬ְˡ
˭Ҫɱ࣬ӻĿǰûŪֻԼԼи²⣬ߡŷҧɱˣΪ˵Ҫ֣Ҫʲôŷ˿϶᲻ฮף
ӻȥǰΪ죬ȴôҲ벻Ǹ
Ϸҿ˿ͷ˵мƦǰЩʱչżҵǮץȥ͹ٺôҲϣֱֵŻ˵Լ·˵ģ˵ԼùһǮ
Ҫ˲֪ǼĪΪƽо֮ܰҪӼЩط̽ӡ
ӻָȥ鷿бҲ˵Ҹսȥʱʱһɾۣڻɻ念˻ӹνزŷôڣѵ磬µó˿಻ϲӼңףôܣѲ͸ĳҶŹ
Լжϣܾûд̿ڳҲùֻǰһ
ȺƦҥԵٶȲ
ԼԵϣô֪һʱɱͳȴĪ죬쵽ȻЩãȻǲ˭
ûˡ
ӳฮĴ֮̿ͣߣºеһƴ
鶼ҵģͷʹտʼฮʱȻġ
˵ģϷڶûŪô£캮ضģȥϢɡ
ӻ̾ѾûˣƲٶҲ֤ˣҲֻա
ϣôҲԩ
ش£Ϸ½յ¾ͷ˰ҩģʡ
ʵĽůͣӻ۾ȴ̫˯š
ฮǸԾϤͷ͸İھǴôãû
桭ٿȻۣ
ϷˣȥһˣҪ̫ͬӵ˵



61  61 
ɫֻʹ ʯɿ̵أ عʱѾ˹ʱ̣ ̫ӣ £ȴⴳ
סںѩӡƮѩļͷ ȥʵͨ
ʵȥλ˼Ȱ˻ȥ һ Ѿǰ
ʱŵһɻ֮ȥҩζ Щء
ϲֿɬζ ӻϵġӻǸҩӣӵҩζͱ˲һ ܺš
ʵ۲ʮͷѾף ո˯ûã  ˵ƣ 
ʴ£ ʵۿŴΧ ܹܸ󱳵ͷ ʵ۰ڰ֣ ȥ
λȨأ ˾Ļ󣬵ԾвٹԱͬãµϢھǴʵҲ֪˿ȥฮҪϲ顣
۹£ȭ游Ի粻ĸɱˣһֱҧǻΪҲţฮ֤ݣҵţдźƽصĶϻػʹҪʸʣǷΪ棿
ʵ߬ȭųϡ
ŵȥʵ۽ӹֻǿۣһԣʣʲô
ͷʸ֪١
ʵʮֳ谮˭֪̻ʺ󶼲ٹʵ߶ֻǹЦһôǰֱӣٶ࣬Ҳֹ̧Ӳ
ʵ۳Ĭã˿ڣ޵Ĵ游޹أҾ£Ҳո֪
λ֮ң˺üӣ֣ȴȵϲġ
ʵֻǸͨӣС۾ݲвʵĴɱⱲġ
ƽ򲻴ף|֮˷¥֪ŵԵŮҲû˸Ҽֻг
ͳһͬ÷ԼףʱҲʮ꣬Ϊҧ޸˷õƽ򣬰ԼһӶˡǻ֮󣬱ΪãΪûȫһԶޡ
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ͷ֪ʵǻǼӳϡǴˣƽ뵽곤һ䣺꣬йǸʵ˼
ʱƽԭͬżҹϵãȻʺȴǺѣȻʺ޵飬ҲˣžȻʺµĶ
ʵ۰ú󣬲ŵҩֻ˼ӣĸ޺ģҲ֪ƽô󡣡
ȻƽȻҲĺӣŷǺǺõģҪ򶨡
㱡һֱߣվֱͦɣ֪游͸Ϊɽ룬ǷҪƵһĳȶλλóǱ˵֮ҪҲաɱӦ֣Ȩ´ƲԸ
ʵ֪˵ЩԴĻȴǻʵûġ˺þãŻ˵ӣ޲񣬺ĸҲ񡣡
㿡ε͸ӲһǰһȴѾˣ侲
ĸǱ߻õţǷǶԹ޹أһ游ҵڴ볤£Ҳ벻ҪǣҺͻ硣
ʵۿ̾һûҪݴߣͬʱҲӼպӣûǹϵó
ƽԳܾ֮ǰ֪ԼףһжΪס
ܰ˵ȥ
£˸ͷֱԵ뻪ԼԷһ
ֱףֻҪ룬㲻ҲװǲҪ鷳˭
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ܹܰͳȥ󣬻˻ʵ޵ɵ£̫ӵ
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˵쵽ˡ
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֮ô˳鵽ӻʱϢΪʵһֻ֣˳Żʵ۲̽һֱ¡
Ψһͬģֻǻʵ۲ʱûСߵĴڡ
ȥฮ֮ǰȻ˶·ʱŸո¶һع⣬֣ܹӭݣ̧ȥ
ȼ¯ӣžյ죬һԺľԲʰȺİ࣬һһҹû˯ڴϣ༸¿磬ӻóһšдʱ䣬ڼ󣬴Ҫ⿪
ʵǱ߶ѾϣҲûб֮Ϊص¡
ŷǱҪӸҲҪͣʲôŪɱҼƻˣͨˡ
ź˳Ա߰һڣҲֻôһڣԭء

ӻһ˱ȥɴһʵۣ£ﱧһů¯ɾµӴһ˿
ʱֵ˭ʡ͵ĵƣӻǸ˲Զǣʵ¡
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ӻ죬ûôв֪￴ʲôֻϽԼ뷨
ǽͻʻҡ
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·ϵѩ̫ɨʯߣӻŲһ٣ʣȷʵе䣬ˣ
֣ܹҡͷûҽ񡣡
Ϸ£ӻ˶٣ҽҪ˵£ͻȻԼʱһ㶯Ρ
ӻʱھǣвʶͻйصˣܸԼǸ˭
ҲûҪָˣֻҪ˵ͻʻԼ֪ô졣
һС̫Ҵܹ;ûȣˤһӣӻ񣬵ӣ̫Ҫ£Ȼȥ²㡣
ӻһΪǲ鵽ʲô֤ݣʵ̫ӵ¿˵ԭҴ˴ǰ
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ӻȻһ֣ܹܣ֣ܹͬһͷˮ
ۣƺǸС̫ܳһȺӻǰ˵̫ӵ·ű⣬ȥһˡ
̫ûȣҲŹӻ΢΢ů¯һ˿Ծ֣ܹҲͷԲǵʲô˵
ӻ֪»йأ˵ŭͷɱ࣬ⲻ̫ܡ
֮Ҳ£ӻฮߺ̸Щ죬ֳݺĸʾʹ˺ܶࡣ
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̫Ÿո𲻾ãķѩ̫Ϊƿţӻ߽ȥֹϱܷ硣
ӻͷһۣﱧů¯ߡ
Ƿµģ͸뻵ⱻסŸɾ޺ϣȲȴأһִϥϣޱؿӻ߽
һ仰Ҳ˵һּžĳơ޺Сзţű߰һࡣ
ŵķѾӻ䱸ģó£ӻڸþ䣬ڵͬ¡
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֣ܹæܽһú󱳷
ӻӿ켸֣ŭ˵£֣ܹȳȥɡ
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ӻ粻֪㵽ڷʲôƢʱӲӲ֮١
߿䵭Ż˵Ƣˡ
ӻʲôǵ£ֱ˵С
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62  62 
ƢĪ ĳһ˲ӻΪԼˡڵĿһ㣬 ӻ߿ֱߵǷţ Ƥһ
еů¯ ٶȼӿ죬ʵʲô˼캮ضഩ·ʲôѣ
ȣ ֳͷ˵һ
ɢŰ࣬ Ƭ飬 ӻߣ еһа˼ ûԼ©ֱ֮ڿ㲻ȫ ֻҡҡͷ õ
˵ڶ顣
Ѿŭ ӻдģ һʲô һ־Ǻǰһʲôǵˡ
߽ ̧ͷ
Ű  ȥʣ һЩؾ£ Ҫ㡣˵Ҷ˼䲻ðҲνɻǵã
Ϸסţŵͷǵá
ӻ绰䣬ֱӻһһϣϵů¯ûȣˤ£ڵϹȦ
ſůӻ˫ֳסľ;Ҫɤ
㿴Լֵλã΢̧ûκθ飬ڸĵʱʲô˵
ӻʵϣǿԼ侲ҶԵǳ֮ģ
һЩ棿
档ӻǼð˼תԼ©Ҫͱ㣬αҪԼ棬û֪ô졣
ְ̧סͷӻ粻òüǼⶼҪգ߬ǰ£ָⷢס
ĺһӻ¿ˮ
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ӻǾ仰ʱ󱳱ս֮ûнɣŮ֮䣬ṵģǷһдʲô
ôң˵ʲôû𣿡
΢΢ֱ߬Ӱͱӻ羡ԼƽͲµò̫š
֮ʱˣκһҲǣѵκҲ£
ĬһᣬƺҲԼˡ
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ӻͬв㰫Сߴܶ࣬խԳ
û˵ģִҲûֱǰ·ӣӻ֪İǰݣҲǲܵģƽ򸮵ĵѹϣҪ֤ݣֻӱŭ
ѰǷǰƣӻݶ
עţĶֲķʪ
ʮ
ʮѲӤಡ·ҽҴʳȣӤԺ겻ˣ븮½ǲɢһǧǰɽλ˸ϼңв֪굮һ֣ʵΪŮðΪк֮λֻʮڷݡ
ӻ統ͷ£ϥǿĳɫһףȫΪĵ֮ʣ
αɱֻ˭㣿
ӻͷ˵ĺҵģͷðıסҲκζ·ΣѾµô¡
ӻ磬һ㣬游Ҳûɹ㣬Ӧ֪ʲô
µҪ˵ʲôҺѶ꣬αҪͱˣҲΪʲôҪҽݺң˵Ļһֶϡ
Цһӻһδüߣס°ͣ˻۳һ
ѲΪ˾ӣԼּ飿ܴӻﶼ۳ˮ
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ӻ˫߬סԼ½󣬵мжҪʲô
֪ںԼǹϵõһԡҲûԼݸ
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ڣ£Ҷã
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Ҳô˽żĶ̫ࡣӻڵϣԱһƬǽ壬ʱŭˡ
̫ӵµӼǺ۸ģ
֣ܹסѾͷ󺹣æӻ磬Ȱһ䳤ϢŭֵһӻͷתΪѰӻ磬ȥƫֱ֪ƾ̫޵
лʵ͵Ľƣǰҹʹû£˭Ҳס֣ܹҲ㲻Ƿʲôܴһӳôˡ
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ӻ߱ͱ˼һ令ӼһƽҲԸԳסڵĸףû˯ã岻Ÿջõĵҡ
޵ЩңſϮӻ仰Ͱѳ˵ǵ壬֣ܹҲʱ»СС»˵ĺãæ˳Ļ˵̫ӣڶ¡
ˣȥϢӻŵͣĸף߰ɡ
Ǳ߲ų£ʱǺ£̫˿ࡣ
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ӻìʱУȫԼû£֣ܹܿöˣҲСӼĺ֣
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⻰ǻسҲǻ㡣ԳֵҲûҪٳ֣󲻶ֻ࣬ƽ

ӻǰһ֪ؾ£ԸֱˣƢضɽ
Ҳǲŵǣûظӻ絽˶ҴææϹȥ
ʱ̫ñ֪Сߣӱվ˱˵ŮģѾȫСӼҵλãǱߣʱ˵ȥ뾩ȥʱҸ㰲ŵ˻ˣ߸ǰƼá
ӻ˵ͷ
̾˵ʲôҺøˣҲõıģȥ֪£û֮λѾʥּң˵Ȿþģֻû뵽żƥ£㸸ײҪٺ㡣
鶫ʱûľȥɽ鶼˵ˣŻ𼱻Ǹϻ
ѩӻ˫ֱȣڴ֮Уĸףȥھֻͽ鷳
ǻݣȥ֣Ҫݱһ˵Ϊ¼ˣҲΪЩ
ӻŬԼЦһ£û˵ڶ˵Щ
ӻǰһСǳģ׵ĸΪŮÿ궼кЩȥͺöʱҪƣ𳭾ûͣ
СֱԹ֪ҪʲôĥΪܼ£ڲᷳѾ
ֽС£ӻͻغȥ˻ʹ
ӻû˵ʲôȥ֮㻻·Ϸ˰⿪멹һԣأ|ѩףճĺۡ
Ժ󲻻ȥʲô󳡺ϣ̫ӵ¾ҷҳڶҲУӻӦòء
ϷҲ֪Լ˵Щʲôֻǵūȥۼ
ӻ˵ãڴϣӣòţ˯һ
ƭǰƢѾӼҶǺϡ˵Ӽһƽ˵⻰ԵΪΣ˵óõ
ӻͷӣѾŵȥǱ㲻ٹȥ



63  63 
ӻûôͻȻ ⧲ غʱӻЩѡ
ʵ۶Գĳ谮Ŀã ӻ绹Ϊĵʵû
С߱ͽѾоŸ£Բལֻһ֪ƽնжá
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ӻֱ ҲֻС˱ ߻ûͣͺϵϤСԲС
ӻԼ϶ žžƺЦ
ϷһЦСӵǸġ
ӻһñӻǰҪ졣
ߵʱǸ޹ ֪ûб䡣ӻָ档
СǸ޵ģû˱ޣ û˺ޣ˯ûԱûҲޣǳߵģ ԹԽиͣ ﶼµˡ
ӻʹ ƣ룬һӻӣС۾ˣϽѺӱӻ˵ôôΗúţ
С߼ĸҲЦĸζǹĽ˰죬ӻԵˡ
ӻЩΣѾ첻ʶĸף̫СӲУԺ󳤴ˡ
ôĸ׵ģԺӾͲˣЩС߹Գʲô
ӻ翿ŴΧסüĲĸ׽ͱ˵ʲô
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ӻҲûҽסߺŻлԵĽմˮȥؼѪ

ڹ֮ǰ˹
ǷѾŷ˿ŷ˱ã˭ҲȰס
ǰͷ˵ԼṼڴŷ˲ʵغ˼á
ǿʼϲͻˣһȥˣûκϢ˲֪̫ӴĵõϢԸʱŭʮ㣬Ҫ˻һҲû˻ʵԡ
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ӻ絽ʲôˣֻںΪʲôҪƭû˼ȴƭʮꡣ
ӻϵζһֱϲӲϡ
嵭ҩζƽõѬ㣬ﶼҪġ
΢ͷȽסӣԼӲμӻ磬ʵξûʵУӻ´ֱִģֹĸо
ֻԼϷ˷ԴսЩ˭֪ؿڳЩûõ⣬ſſİ¡
պţ飬ĲģҲѹ
֣ܹܶһ۸⣬벹Ӹ㶯һ䣺ǲϻˣ䣬¯Ӱڵö࣬ϻ𣬶Щ
üͷһ壬ѽȥ



64  64 
ǵ»û˳ ɱͻҲûҵ ʹִǿԥݹ£Ĵڰĳƽ
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Ҳû Դʷºûó͢ʥּ һλ֮ƵչԱΣͬʱйؾͣƲû
ʵƣ¹Σٶ̫ԣֻܰ϶ ˽벻֪յ
ϵķӦӻЩΣ ûҪϳû
ٴμʱӸӻ磬 ̫ӵݼ
Ӹߵʥ裬 ʵ۲أ Щ̼ С߱㱧ӻ
ӻ¶֮ûгĴ㣬ݻأڼأֻǲǰý
Լдţ˵Ѿӳ뿪СȥԺӡСſ˯ëֳֺͷҲġ
⺢جΣһֱڿޣӻ¾ŵͰݡ
Ϸ˸˵СЩڳżһЩСġ
ͰޣӻıԺ󳤴ˣҲ֪ǲҲ
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ӻ̾˵Ժ󳤴Щ͵ʦ̣̽ǸкΧһȺĳױ軵ˡ
⣬ߵ˴֣ͬѣС˺ŮΨΨŵŵСҶ˵и㣬˾ǺӸףϵողźֱ
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ղײСߣѾϷ˱źȥһܡ
ӻתҪȥǣȷվʱһһ
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ӻĬţǸ·С˲ԼʲôÿĶ

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ӼݸߣӻȢӾ㲻ŵԣҲССͨ㲻ϵŮ³ӣǶӵĲأѺпԭҲû˸˵
ÿδӻʹظʱгĬһ󣬲ͬƽնԻʵĵǡ
ῴӻ緢ӻʲôˣҲֻӻͷӻ˵ڻʹһЩ¡
Щ㲣ӻ֣׷ʱҡҡͷʲôҲ˵
һӸ֮
ӻ·㣬һССĲӣٱźȥҳʱӻ籧ڻһֱ˵ԲС߼ڿޣѽѽذᡣ
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См䣬һãȻӻѺӸԱ֣ųıʣĸף׳ʲôˣ˵˵ܽ
һΥ˵µǸûģܿ߳ŭı顣
ɲԸ⿪ڣ޵øͺĶԲӻһ
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Ჽӻ伱ûʲô󲡣ֻ˹ȣúӾͺˡ
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Ůϸ룬˵ڴ̫ӵ¼棬ûţū澽ȥʱˤ豭ǳˤģɫҲ̫á
ӻ˶٣һֱ㣬󹦼ﶼȻʺĶӣ
ˤӣÿ²ᡣ
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ǰôҲһĲȴһֱڿޣ仰Ը˵
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ʡ˻Ƶ
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ۿǺģ˵̻֮ݣٵȿ



65  65 
ˣ һھȥݣ ƾӻôʣҲûٶ˵ģɳۿ죬 ͬ˴̼ı飬Ҳ֪򵥡
ӻ֪ǲ˵Ҳû ֻĸԸ˵ǾͲ˵ պúϢ µٿ
֣ ˻˵ʶ˲塣
ӻһ٣ЩһֱΪƽ򳭷û˼ʶˣνʶ˲壬˭
в²⣬ȴû˵
ǰ쿪ʼѻûϵ ⼸ȥĵطֻлʹ ˵ģ˻ʵۣҲûбˡ
ӻڴߣ ڵĸЩЪϢ ݵԶ ˵뿪ҲȰѶã ·ǣҾùܼҴ
ڷסһжװ磬ȴβסŮӵ⣬ǰС˿ֻΪǸС꣬𽥴ЩѾʼͱ˲һ
ӻ磬ʯͷѹϣͻȻֱ̧ס۾ᡣ
ӻֶЩˣ֪ôˡ
ʹټ˵Ҳˣһδκ˶ýʹ
֪ӸˣΪҪӻװֻǰУ뱣סƽĻҵ˭Ҳ֪ľ󲿷ԭΪ˻ʵۡ
вȣݿƽʵۿƽĴܣ˭
ƽȥˣûѹҰĲֻҪڣ˶һǵþҪһЩΪ˻ʵ۵ĽɽҧԼΨһŮ˵ΪкΪӻһӡ
ǧ㣬Ҳûʵۻƽһ֡
ĸҪˣǱСĸ˯ӻմˮÿ֣̫ӵ˵ĸײ÷ϣǸӣῼ˸ܡ
˿ʮ꣬ƽȥϢ죬ûоĴ
ӳȥ̼𣬻ʵ۾ʱƽ޹ƽ򣬵ϻλ˼ˣպƽԽԽʢֻ֪иսүƽӲ֪͢ʲôܡ
óʲôţĻѹһݡ
ӻܵøӶ࣬˶٣ӶͭУȥѾ˯µСߣڳߡ
˵ĸһֱСߣܣǱ㱧һ
С߱ˣཱུС۾֪ʲôӻסС֣˲ûޣϲĸһԣЦϡ
ĸ࣬С߱ס޳С߱͸ո˯ѣޣãȻһƬҲؿ
ӻͷۣӳﱧСߣűֶԳ˵⺢Ӿǰ޵ģĸײ̫ãȺ塣
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ӻ֪뷨Ҳʲô̫ĲǰֱӱͳΪһ֮ӸӣܹˣѾǴҡ

һȥݣԺؾĿԺСôʲô߶ǰ¿ʼ׼Ƕգ÷·Ϸͽгվ
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ĸײģ뾩С£á
ӻԡͰУͰڣһˮиҩģȵģЩˣ¶ְյǡǡãܡ
˵һ䣺Сĸ⼸ѻЦ⡣
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ӻ̾˿ͬĸãĸײ˵Ҳʡ
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ţҿܰҩҩˣȥȥͻء
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ӻ͵һùԱߵĽסؿڣʲôȥ
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Цһƺ˵Ц
ӻ֪ԼĻ𱡴ŤͷڡĴҲʲô˳á
סӻ°ͣ˵ӻ磬ҵǸҪŵպʲô¶ҪҵģҲͳȥݡ
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ܲãӻˮΪʲô¶ּۻۣǸ˵ĻӦҲԣҲǱȥģȶҲھǱ|¶Сݡ
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ﺬŭ⣬ȿӻ̧ͷһֵºһ롣
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ֻͣԲŲĵס
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ˮȵģϵļ|Щ죬˫ָֽһûһµű䡣
ͷ˵ƭҵĴҪҲԣ֪ΣҸЩǻѪսӦҲ޺ĸ˵ʲôһֱ̫á
ӻ磬Ҳһͷϣ߬Ľ⣬شҡ



66  66 
㶯ͻȻ ӻ˫ֱأˮ
ʲôҧס ֪ˣû뵽ʲô
ˮҩģ 峺ģ ǴΡ|죬۽ëڲ Լת ԼҺθɣ
ӻ侲Щ²ض̸ͬĸ˵һЩ ȴǰӲã֪㵽˵ʲô
ֱͻʵ۳˲ӣϵʵ̫ãӻ벻ף ֻϡ²ƽйء
Ϊʵۼƽ మأ ƽ£ھܾ谮 һж
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˵ֱһЩãܻᱻ⡣Ը˵ӻҲ˵ֵֹĺѣϽȰߣϷ˻ΪǼ䷢ʲô
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Цһ߱ߣΪ˭ϡ㣿ӹ֮ˣֲȱ
ĽԡͰУˮӻ米ϣӶһ£΢΢Լֱۡ
ǿŮӵģƽСûʲôʾԭֻΪ߼ٳ֣ҲϲİԵ
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ӻԼ̫ϣȥǿưȫжûУպ磬Ҳڡ
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ӻͷͻͻۣʱԼǰߴʮ꣬ӣҲǰˡ
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ӻ嶼㻳ֱĺڷˮմʪϣһУƽһ˿Ůӵġ
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ӻ粻֪Լʲôֻ㳤ϰ䣬׳ʵߴ󣬻|ⶼ㣬ѵý
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ϵ·ʪˣҲʵģϷ˸ӻĿӸ˸ߣպһϡ
˯ӻıӶŶҲ
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һֱ嵭ζҩζżˣҪܶѬ㷽ӣһֱûȷġζһֱ꣬ԼϲȥСĻˡ
Ϸǻûӳлӻͷʱͷһ䣺̫ӵ£
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67  67 
ڱ ʲôҲûӻ˵
ӻԾǸղźǵòӣ ûʡ
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ӻŶͷֱԡͰѾ˷˼ŪСϷԽԽȥˡ
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ôӳฮ˵书ǿͨŲѣĿѾ뾩ǣҹϵպ󻹻ٴζ֣ǿ
ӦǣҲû˵еͻǷĴڣ˻ȥ
κеǴϢҴͻȻûظ˴̴ֻֻĸɲ֮²Ź|վι̣ԼӸƽþвͬС˵ǴӪܴͻʡ
κ黰һʱõµ˶ͻԥݹ»ûȥֳǴѱ䣿
ɫû䣬ڵּѸ£ܾٷ£ǧĶ۹ͷ
˭ĿԴĵһֱܴϴȥӺݾѾ͸
ͻʵĶȷʵһõĴ࣬ﻻ׳Ϊ㡣
㲻ֹֻ뿴Ϸ
дܹô£㲻ʵõʱ仨Щϣò㣬ܿ˷ѵ
糯ֱȥӪѲӣŸͷڼ䶢żòĹ￴߶š
еĹԱΪˣæ˼ʹãЩѾ˸Ƕˣ
̫Ӵӽݻȴǰ̵͵ô󼻰ճݡ
Īķٺÿ࿴ôˣ
Ļشĥ͸ٲǿˣҲ֪˵ʲôֻ˿Ϊ⡣
ǰи֣ѾΣԼŮӳţҪ̫ӣǾŮӾû·ˡ
ס˵ѲӪٶӿЩҪ̸̸ͬӼ뾩¡
ӼҼӻûʲô岮ֵܣȥ磬涼ûΨһˣҲ׽
ȥ̽ôֻҪɿڣӻͲھǡ
ûʵҶü



68  68 
ѾڳԼ ʵҲĶǰӣֻҪģ ûɵģȥһʵʱ ΪӻؾǣǼټ򵥲¡
ʵûӦֻ˵͸ȥأĸΪ룬 ھסݣѾͬ˵ƽ£Ҳ֪ǲھǵģ Իȥ
㶣 ֱ۹µõѣҲõѣ û飬պǲĵģھǣԺȥݸٴȥ
ʵۿ ͻȻЦһ ֹסĿԣ һ̫æǰΪıʵ۰ڰ֣ ˵췢һٻ𣬻ڵ㣬㶼ûԭ
ͷûͻʵ˵ӻݣ˵Ҳҡ
ֻסԼݣһжӼ
طҺĸףŲԸǣʵۿŴΧƢºͣϲɱɱҴǰʱһֱòԣ游ӽ粻ߣơ
ö˼游һΪӼһǣҪƽദѣֻҪзǲǰΪûҪȥݱżҡ
²ֵޣʵ۵ӳ֪Ϊһǰ̧ͷ뾩һɳ˲زͣʵպȥݿҲС
Ļʵۻи׳־Ұģͱĥƽ־ҲԳ֣Ƿˡ
ͳʶʮ꣬һһҲʮ꣬ʵûġ
볤ºǣС޴ҲûѭؾɣǼ˶ԩң
뷨ܺͱ˲һʱ쿪ҲʱңЩµĴҲҪӲŤŤ󷴵³
ʵۿȵ㻹û
ʵ֪ǸˣӻȴҪٶۼ֣롣
ֱӻƭһҵģƾʲô
ʵ۾±Ҫ࣬һ֪ĵΪΡ
ƢλʵҲ˽⣬ӼҪӣһҪһʺ
㻹ԼʲôʵҲûƣֻǸ㣺һޣҲͬ㣬ӼȥӼҵ£⼸ճ֮㣬ȥúϢ
ʣҾдĲ˵Ĵѩأʪ·
ʵ۴ȥϢɡ

ӻ粢֪ʹһӸ¶ң׼
뿪֮ǰ·ӻԺӣ˴
С˱һҽ飬·̧˷ŵľԲϣԼҽ˵òҽȤѧѧҽ
ӻСһҩӣͨһЩҽ˵ͷ˰ȥʣ·ôң
ӵ࣬ûɣΪΡ
ӻڻϣʱܼҲ׼浱ԼĶ·ȥ͵ζûгɹԼֱӱѺͽٸЩű̫Ū
ѾʧܹΣֻĻɣ±ֻҰȥ
Ҳӻ룬Ǹ˵㻰ģû뵽ʲôҩΪӻ糣ϣҲǰãû
ʱòŵĴ£ӻЦ˵̫ϵºܶ࣬ûôУרȥҩܡ
㶮һЩ˰֮ʶһЩҩģܰˡ˵Ѿˡһȥ˼飬ӻõĵĲһǺӱ¶ҲʱӼҺͶĹϵӲ£ǰҲݲ¡
·Źһԣӻ˵ǰһֱд󶯾ºڵ˷֣ʱǰݣǳ֪ʲôһֱ£Һġ
˿ڣɫüչ
ӻ֣¹·ϵ˭˼ȥֻлʹǼλ·˼ɵĸ⼸ķѾ֪˭ֻǲ֪׳ʲô£ĸѾѻգҲʡ
·̾˵ǰʱв²⣬Ϊ±˲ӵһֱ룬ʲô˵ƢЩҲͺβүһֱǸ
ӻ΢΢һ٣ʲô
ûͬ˵·ϾƬ̣ǾӻСòͽ£Ȼ˵Ҳߡ
˵ӻҲɵ⼸ºͳı֣Ҳ˸šЩŵȻš
·ߺӻֱȥһ˳׳ʲô¡
ʱС棬ɫǰҪã㲵ģͷӻ˵ٶ˵ֻͬ˵һ㣬ԺҪٺӴ̫ǱӼҵġ
ӻ羪ˣʵĸףôˣô£
̧ͷ˵㲻õ㸸׵£ҵĴ̫޹ء
ӻСûиףõĳǻʵۣպô˭Ҳұ֤ӻѻʵ۵ǸһĴڡ
żҵĺ죬Ϊǣӻô꣬ûˣֺ޻ʵ۵ľ飬ȴҲĪۡ
ӻʮԼĻԼ뷨ðЩǿӸ
꿪ʼʹûʵټӶûǷ١
ѯΣദżʵԼôǿ֮ˣ֮ͬ
ΪΪ۰Լ԰ݼڣŷֻڲ˼Ĺعϵͬڱˣٻ
ʵ۶Ӽҵĳ谮Ӽұ鷳Ҷ֪ӼҲõһΪıƢһǻʵ۶ĳ谮˭Ҳ޷ϡ
ľΣҶö˭Ҳ
СſڳͷǷС߻ݣ˵һ󻰣ҲΣҾǶ˲һ𣬴˳𲻱үԴΪأԵ£Ҳ뿴
ӻججصԼӣϷôˣʲô˵ȥ֮սš
ƽȥʱճһֱû˽ڸ˺䴫ٶıǷţֱΪСӡ
ѾһСˣɰѻʵ۵׽ĳʹҲзƣҲȻϵá
ӻ߽ݣŶͷԼ˳һ˳Ÿ߽ȥ㿴ڴϵ㡣
סͷֱڵõıϣϥ˫̤أʲô
ӻ磬ӻ磬һ飬벻ھǣ



69  69 
ӻŸմӳ ʱ㰴˰üģ֮űӣҲµõʲô
ɭϣ 书ߣȥ磬 ǵסֲֶ
Ϸ˷һֱ棬û
ͬĸ˵£֪ˣ ӻվǰ̫ӵȻضһ˴ᡣ
˶٣ûӻ£ Ҳ֪ӻΪ²ˣ ʲôҶᷴԣҷ֣ һֹҲܷóѣǱ㡣
ӻ΢΢ͷ
㿪ڵҲϢʱҲ㣬 㻹Ҫ
Ҳʱ š
ӻִԣ ֪´ʲô𣿡
㲻˵ Ҳ˽ԷˣƭǼǿȥˣûеںǼ¡
ӻڲ̫鲻̫á
۾ûһףֻ²ҪͣƽʲôһС
Ҹ׻ڣҵóɽ
ʱ˴죬ӻûǿҵ
ƽףδйദԣֻһֵȻ
˵ͦõġ
ӻ૵һ
ǰ̫ʹÿÿ붼סԺ
ϲòʤˣǰòġ
ʵûƽ䵽ֵزȥӪͬݽ棬˰ڲҺκԼݣ°ƽ򸮵ˡ
ŵĳ⣬˭ҲỤ
ͻȻ֣ϣ۽ˮ
ӻãȻŷԼˡ
ˣô˵˵ž᣿ûΪ¿ޣһʱ޴룬ֻҪ߲˵㣬һúøʵΣڳа弸ԼˣһµأΪݵĽͣӼҵﵽ󻯣Ļʱޣ
ӻ߬סⷬ׵Ļﾹ޻˵ë飬ۿǺġ
ů¯ů⣬ΪΪƽޣŴҲ֪˵ʲôı˺þҲֻܸɰͰ͵˵Ǿͻ췴ɡ
ӻ类ŪӶ֪ʲôֻ۾Լ侲
ǵ̫ӣ˵췴ֲԥӼȴǵ
ǰûɰѴ󼻵ջУӼ췴ҲֻΪ°ܽ
˵ĸײڣ׳ݣһؼһˣ㲻Ҫҡ
һ٣ҡͷʱ涣ǵ˵ͷ
ᣬ΢΢ſڣȴһƬտգ벻˵ʲôá֮ǰҪǲ¾Ͱ׼һᣬ̲סʲôӦ
ɵҪȻ㣿
ǳÿ죬ȥҲ죬ӻʱ򣬴ʱԼһҲʹ죬ԼԼˣǱͺˡ
ڡ
ӻڲֺ
ĸײ뿴㣬㲻ͣԺԵǻټģӻó̫˵һֱѵµѣ治¡
СһͬУиڣ鷳
һȰϢװû˵ҪҴͻ飬õѣΪʲôһЩʱ򣬵ߣ
ӻһ٣ʹͷ飬ֻл̧⼸Ҳ£ҪһԼԺӱܹ¡
ѻ˵ĺװУӣ֪ôͻȻ˵ֻĬСŲ뿪һ䲻Ͳ
뿪죬΢΢߬

Ӽ뾩ּߣӻͳߵͷһһ뿪
Сߴúʵལֻôõסڻﱧһ˹ģĴѩ۾̧סĿ⣬
ʣϵѩɨһߣǰЩ鲻ʣ뾩˱㽻ӻ͹ܼҡ
ӻڶ޵һ˶жţ̫ӲϣЩҲ֪Ͷǹϵֺˣ׷ǰ͡
ӻС߱˷֣óгǡ
Ÿ뿪ʹǱ߾ʹͣһʥּ˼ǵӻʮֱӼ̳кλٻؾ͡
ӻɫûʲô仯ؽּ
ƣģûһԭҲֻп|ꡣ
ӻܸλҹԱԼһ٣ǣ
ûʻ뿪ȥǰĳϵ·
¸һ˵治֪ë㻹𣿡
л¡ӻŶͷԺҲ棬һˣûҪ
ȥһٵм²ܼ棬㵱Ͳ˵Щʲô
еۣûʲô˵ġ
Լ϶˵ǵˣ˼ȥҲûԼľ仰ġ
磬Ϊľ仰˵ˣǸ
ӻ˫Сϣ°ͿֱۣûҵǸ
㷳ͷҾǴˣ˰ɣ
һһˣߵȴ̲ס̫ӵƽᣬǰưͥ˵Լˣδš
ӻһԽǸԽȥûʲôʲôǸ
̫ӵȥɣӻ˵ҪҪ֪ңòˣĸǱҲ£ǾʹһԺʵԵԻ
ʣͲ𣿡
ӻͷֱ룬Ժ󶼲̫ӵ¡
΢ͣԭأӻԽʻԽԶһ
˻ͷһۣλ̫ӵЩί
ò״ӻǾҲĴлعҪǰȥ׷ʱһ͵ɵĻ赲
ŭɶͰ˴ñףԱ߿ֱӰѹٸƽղʶΪļҸҹӼΪһֳƺãΧһȦ߶߲ˡ
֣̳˳˳
֣̳ʱϲ⸽һ̣Լƣִ㣬ʣ̫ӵ´ֵطʲôǸȥ𣿡
簰ͦΣͷ϶û³ԣѵС
֣̳Ҳ˼ֳìˣҡͷЦ˵̫ӵµϲӣҲԭ¡
һͷ֣̳ã˵˵
֣̳ƽΪ˴Բ˵ķִպܺãҲԼ⻰ǵ㻻˵ǣӦҲϲ£ҪȻôðǵ¾·ֱ֮ܡ
ͻȻԭأûߣ֣̳߬תһȦʣϲңΪʲô˵
֣̳ͷˮϲֱ˵Ҳգһȥǰ˵ϲ˭ܵס
û˵ıֻ㲻ᣬֻǵƤʮ󡣡
ĪҺ֮仹Ҫô𣿡
㲻Ļ
С·ϵ⣬ɸӻͳϣͣ£ӻȵ׼ֻ̧һۣŲ
˲
һȻ֪˵ʲôðĳһ˲ΪԼ汻ӻˣ֣̳Ļð˳
ҲͦϲģɰͰ˵ϲҾϲ¡
һھӻˤ˸ͷԱߵŮæס



70  70 
Ŀ֦ѩѹס ϻһƬ峿ܱȱʱҪЩ˲ࡣ
ӺƺƵ ״ǹ
ӻϥһ΢΢¶ĳ ˵ԣˡһ
ﵢ飬Сߴֳ
ѩͣˣ亮绹ںХ ˵ڣŮзһů¯
սһֱϸߡ
Ѿӻ˼ӣ ˵ʲôʲô
ӻڲ뿴 Ҳû
˴ǰ㣬ͻȻڣ һ£ͬ˵˵
ӻٿվסţͷһۡ
ֵó£ҲֻǸϵķݡ

ŮԸŮǰȥҳ
ӻ㣬 ҸƧĵطģ ̫Զ
ͷ ߵǽսǴʱ һֻ֣ӻָ§ס
˵㵹Ǵ
ӻʰúܺãֻΪԼһʵΣȷʵûлɡƵΣݳĵڶ쳣
˵ԭд㣬ѹһֱû
ӻ˽ӣûǰʹӱ֣ܾ򵥣һֱûҲΪĲˡ
û뵽Ȼǵ
Ȼ
һɫѩۣסΣ㴩ȴͬûֻǼӺһЩůȡ
ֹסӻǶһߣ˼ȥǾ丸ʴͻ⣬Ӧò¡
ӻ紹
Ϊʲô
˵
ǳŸƽ̹ӣҶƬʢչͺͺû˵סְ
ӻ˫ִ򣬾ͺڱһ
һ£ڻɿ
Ҷôӣһ㶼û㣬ھѵ𣿡㰴סͷһס㡣
֣˿á
㲻˵
ӻ̾ȷʵܻסһݣ˵ϲˣΪúú˵˵
㲻ϲⷽ涯ӣѾϰ߰Ρ
ӻΪԼݱ¶һǾһ죬ᱨû뵽ڻܺú˵
İѣƭҲԭ¡
˼ͷβһʼӣԼһʮꡣ
¿еϲֺͱĲһƲϲϲˣвк蹵֮󣬱ᴫҥԣѾȢ˺˵֪˼뵥ûȢõΪ
ӻϴڸˤһӣָʱС˿ѰСˣסʲô˵ʲô˵
Ҳ˵Ķԣ֮ηֱ˴ˣ
ӻЩѿһ
ᴷֱ̧ۣͷü֪ӣҲ¸ͻ飬㲻ܴӦ
֪ƢĶ֪ܣĸʵ۵ѡٺãֻҪ⣬ñ䲻
ӻ˵һ䣺е飬Լֱ棬Ѿ㴦̫ΣЩ˶ŵȥйŮԶԶġ
ô˽⣬пϵľŮӣܵڶǹһˡҪŮ¶ϣǾŮӶˣھӪͽʿֵܣϲӡ
߶ѩӡż˾ѩ˵ҡҡͷá
ӻЩԷθûȥ˫ֽбǽ
ѾһЩպģ鰮ṇ̀òһƤңֲʵõġ
֪첻ѻ˵ףǲ׷ߡ
һдûҪøĸвңҼȻҪߣѻ˵Ҳν
Цһ˵ˡ
Ҽɫ⣬ӻͷ˼ǰڵ£Һ޲ɱֻ˳ĸģǵ²ģˡ
˵ҪͺȱǸӻͬҲǳ鰮ˣϲϣûˡ
ȥ֮޻ؾĿܣԼݣС̳λá
ӻֱסһ̧ͷ㱻㰴ǽϣֹסļӵ㼴ңҲϲ㣬ԸΪʲôֲھǣ
ӻĿͬϣеʱ֪˵ϲֻ˵ǡ
һֱֻĻڵغĳ谮ԭ
˱۾ֻ
ӻ΢΢ͷȥһĴüһ촽һ
õ£Щʱӿ죬ܿ졣˵һ仰˻
û̫Ӧģⲻϲӻһ£Լ׾Ͱƿˣ㶣ΪûӦֻ˵룬Ҳ̤ҵ˵ЩԺңдžУĸ׻ڵңʹ˱
ﵢ̫ʱ䣬ԼߣߵսǴԭء
ӻû̫뷨ٷݡ
سŵֱӻ
Сſڳ˯ıһ䣺˵ʲô
һЩС£Ѿ˵壬ӻ˵·ԶǸˡ
Ҫǣ̫࣬˶Ǵ֮
ӻͷӦ
ŪСߵĽëղסӡ
ʵںΪ֪ŮݺܿԡͰУѾУֻһѡ

ûӻ磬ӻһصʱѾҹ
߸߹ĵ紵֣ܹܿ㱣һʲôʱֻ˵Ҫԡ
޵֮ⲼںľɴȼǶڵڶϡ
֮û˵仰֣ܹûҶ˵ֻܴ㺰ˡ
۾ַԼ࣬ͨͨԽԽ졣
õ£»ӿ졣
Ҫס촽񴭲
֣ܹĲæ߽ȥ
۾ȥ
֣ܹ֮ܶ˾һëȻС
֣ܹʶ˳ȥϽӻģ𣺡ӦѾԥˡ
ʱ𾪣û뵽㾹Ȼûӻ¡
ʲôƢ֣ܹ֪ڼԺô죬һʹҴææŻ˹  ʹ˳ϵڣȥӪӪ׼ҹ·
ϸҵϷûУӻȻǱҪҵ
ü㣬мδе֣ܹͻȻ˴ӵæڵ̫ӵ£ˡ
һ٣Ǹʹ
ʹرȭ̫ӵ£뽫ͻϮݣɱݴʷһڹԱݰǡ
ݰǺԥ
ޱ飺顣
ʹ۾ͷ뽫ʿһ֮ƼǣС˸ĸֳӪ֣֮ƣȡȡ֮̫ӵ¾ɳ̽Ϣ
ݴһЩмλʷ˽±ȡ
սһʧʱҲ˪ڳ˶ܵһɺ⡣
֣ܹ˽æ²ؼȥӣȰѼݵȽǵսպǣ۵ӣòʧ
һ£ڣӪӪ̽У̡



71  71 
ӻ·ݵϢ˶٣ ֪Գ
ĻҵԼģ ˻ⷽɡ
ӻӾǵݻ˿£ һ·ƽ ӾǶյݵůηͽ΢ڼˮ·һǣκ౻ɹӭ
ӱǰЩ ͨ½ദãʦͽӻ磬 £ н죬 ӻƳһֱۣ ٿ˻ȥ
κѾС˴Ϲ ڻ¡
ӻֻЪ뿪֮ǰκ˫ֱضҵЩ棬ôŭ̫ӵݣ
̫ӵµ£Ӳۡ
κЦҿ²̫ӵ£ Żݣ̫ӵסݣ ѾҪݣ ɱʱġ
ӻһ£ û뵽㹥֮͡
ûκԼһи׳нֱӰѺ׽ӸԴϾ㲻ΪҲûİ˵κ
浱ѣԻãʲô뷨ûУǸӼ򵥣õĺʲô¡
Իʵ۵ĸ鸴ӣκйؾǵϢݺƽִһԻʵ۵ԹһЩ
ӻǰᾩǣйػʹ¡
ǰֻǲϲ̫ӣĻҲ𣬾÷θġӻ֪һֱںƽҲûùͷ¾ǵ¡
ݺûþյţû˵ģֻʲдţӻĪͷƤ顣
ʱ￴ӣӻͷɫ֪ˡ
Ҳ֣ӻʲôû㣬ˣԼûյš
·æûôĹעǲǻţ˼УӻԻѡƫ򳤹οҲٺ
֮󣬺Щݽ͸ǰӭͳ˵ģҲƽܸߣһѾĽʿ
ӻƽ򣬴֪Щϧȴû˵ʲô
ƽϹսģͬЩ죬ܻ
ȺƳﱧཱུĺӣһ죬֪ƽӺ󣬶ʱ棬̽ͬʱ˼ºӡ
̫󣬰СŪúֹٶС֡
СھǣݱھҪɵöࡣ
СѾһѾڵײײѧ·Ǹ޹ԽԽޣڷ֮󣬻û˵ͳŵŴŵ顣
Сߵı庢ӣ̽ľ˵ºС£ǲҪСߵĴ˵ȥɻӦǶ̫Զӡ
ƽݵĽ¬ߣʮ Ϊ˻󷽣ӻǰչˣװ㣬ʱףȶȥӺݣҲꡣ
ӻûǰ磬ţۿ̲ס졣
¬ͷף壬ʮüһɤţԶԶ֪ˡ
Ƕʶ˸ռ޻̸˰죬Ҳ֪ӻݣ֪òȥ˵ӻҪÿˡ
ݵطմֱˬŵС㣬Ҳӻ羫ºÿ񾩳һ˿ʼò˵պƽӣټû˵ס
ӻڸ˵֮ʱͷȻƽɻǰЩݺݺࡣ
·ܳ;棬ھӻҽ飬ƽʱʱᷭۡ
㹥ֱ֮Ϯݣһ·񣬿Ҫ֮ܳʱȴ֪֧Ԯһѣһƽ
½ˮ·ֱݣϵݱ߾ӪƣݽǳǺ󣬽ҽնʾڣһȻ
ڽܴӮڴɺϣżȻ֮СҲû뵽Ȼһδ䣬һ¾ʹӼݹسһ·ݣ½ұݣ֮ϰʱ䣬ݡ
ûоʹգûӺһվƫƧɽǣֻ¾͹δй˽ĳǳءӪͻϮɽеδüӦֲŴڶһ·ֱ
Ψ֪ŭ̫ɱ޹ʿΪҪɽ֮ʱӣһƽݺˮݺˮӺӣӺݼס
ƽ̫ӵһͬͬ㣬ȥ궬ղŻݣ˾Ϊ˭
ıʿ֮ԣ
Ӻݵƿ㣬Ҳƶ֮ء
㹥µɽǣ˽´ĵطκǣְ꣬ͨһϵк˵˿ҵһط
ױͷ߽Ժ֮У˼׷ֵ̧ö񡣡
ѾѮȴޱȣĴʮֿʯǽڱܣƽϱʮ俴ɫѵĵ
һʮ˴һ߳Сݣɾϴ÷ףǵӻͨе½
ֳ˼ģܴ󣬹ֱ࣬ǹꪣ󣬵ȴ͵֮ӣαϺûɫöܻ֣֮ЧҲúС
˵ͷ˴ι½йҪʹֱͣͬ˵
½ġ
һֱ鷳ථͨ˾мǺӵĲԾܹ˾ӻʵ۾ټ½ǣԼʵۣûϵҪֱݣ⣬½Ӫ
½κҪʶ࣬ڱκΪʦǱɽǣõͼ
ص½ĳܵõָм¶½ĳڴ
ǫѷ˵칦׼׵۹ӪµĹأκһˣ;ʷС£½С
½¹̫ܵӵ¶䣬½ĳԲʹ
ﾡ֮ˣ˽Ӫжͼֽ£в˵ݾڡ
ɽӺݾڣʹפأպҲᰲĿǰû׼Ӻݵ
ûô򵥡
㹫ɽӪҷ˽еѹձȴ֤ûݻɱǣơ
֪˭֡
бѹȥһˣ㿪ڣڽݴսˣЩ飬в֮ʡ˾֣̳һй˽⣬Ѿݣ˴Ӧ뵽ʲô
㵽س죬ӻǼڵ˴µģ¶ϱӱΪ۵˲
½ֶͬβһ㣬Ӧ¡

ӻѾܾû㣬˽ӵǷּʲݵźǼûйϵ
ڿ£Ǻӡ
ӻ绹Сʱ򲢲⣬ӽκڣѾʮ꣬ڶӣձأҲڲסӵ
Ϊɣᵽ˳ǣɴźӴǵƽ򸮡Сߵδ¶ճ˼Ǵںʱ򹫿ݡ
СѾˣ·ȣÿ˵ʱؽգС˵Ҫ
ÿμʱĶˣźιԡ
ӻǰźӳ棬Сγǰգκúʺϳš
·ϵҽ飬гߵ̣ԼҲЩóСߵΡ
ӻС󣬼ֻ̾Զš
˳ƽ͵Сǣ̵ؾ֮·ΧҲûʲôĵطճϢǱټƽ͡
ûʶӻ磬֪ƽӣÿμñŮһţΪԼߵóҡ
ӻеУֻż볤Сߡ
˳ǳƬҩݵأӸðµģӻ羭ȥɲҩÿγʱŮ
ʮã΢紵ʱůʡӻһţСҩ
òҽ仰ЩѧҽһϺ츳
ӻս֪һæµġϵ㣬ñóŮװɫϸ
˳ǳƬƽأиճ۲ݣһ˲ǣӻЩ㱣ΪԼˡ
ְ̧±΢紵ᣣͷһۣסͣ￴
ӻ粻֪˵ʲôȺн˳ǡ
нǹյһ߬סתһȦ´
ӻҧס˺һתͷܿߡ
Ůϵӻǰߺˣ񡣡
룬ָӻ˵ϲˡ



72  72 
һ仰Ů˵ĲҪͽӣ Ȼֻ˵ڡ
ӻƽճ飬 ŮҲ֪ӻƽӣ ǰװ һ˵ϲ֡
㿴
ӻֱ۴Сҩ|ͷʵ޻˵ʵô⣿
ڻؾ·ϡ
ӻϵŵķů͵ģ ñ±ᴵ¶׵ĲŮԣӻ֪ˣ  
ϣ һȦ ֮ŵ㻻˼δ· ҲûϳŻԥƬ̡Һ۾·ʱ;Ϥͷʱ ұµˡ
ӻ΢ҩ˶٣ һʱ֮䲻֪ô۾ȷʵ ںǰͬ ԼһϵóԼ
ʲô˳Сط¬Ǳ֮صأȥлͺãˮȷʵȥģ¬ȨѡҲ˸顣
ӻһ¸ɾ࣬ϸ˵ķһ͵סֳĳߵͻھʱûŮйصĶ·úʵ䲻ȡ
̸̸ŮԶЩ㿴Ů˿Щ
ӻ̧ͷͬӣҪ̸ԼΪʲôûţҩŮŮ˿һЩ
˨һŰϣһ·Ϣʱֱ¶һ̺ۣӻ绹ûӦסӻ֣ǰߡ
㶣ߴֱŲϣָЩӺӰʱֻʵСɽ
ǺʹǰһĿңӻȴĪˡϴηֿ֮ʱǶû³ɹɰͰ˵ϲھǵСƨӣھȻЩֵİȡ
ͷֱϵỊ̇ʣôˣ
ݵˡھǰ̽ӣֱ۱˾ˣͻԻҴΣ򲻹ңصң̫ˣִûóѣɱ
˿ûԼôܵˣҫβͿҪ죬ӻ΢΢õʱվ
˵ģض׶Ըˡ
⸽徻Χ֣մӳʱ·һСɽ𣬹ͺͺݳúãðѿûãƬҩʱãˡ
ӻҲǻҵطƽվȤʱɢĵġҪǰ߾ˣס֣ǰߣֻʣ˵ɣңҪʲô
סţʵˡ
ʱһ⣬ʲôʱ˼ģһﶼʲôΪʲô͵š·ʱͻȻʧˣ̫ϤϢ
ӻԼ֣ҲͻȻЩΣΪ뾩ЩֶΣԼһΣڻ˾ò˼
῿ԱߵĴϣֱõ˵ëˣƳ磬ɵ׼
綼Ҫϵģñͬ˵һУǰժͻȻԭء
ӻ۾ÿҲǳ˿޵ġװ磬ںڳǰֻǼữ㡣ھһֱ˵ΪˣŪΡ
ⷬٶӻЩ㵣ȿԭصıʲôû˵ֻǴʶô꣬ǿϰߣǿ
ؿ±ͻȻ˵ģѩﴵ˴綼ûؿڶ
ùȻŮذñᡴԼͷϣ±Լʧ̬Ķߡ
ʲôӻ翴ĶЩһѾҵĶժΪԼҲ񫣿
ˣǾԼûùĶãϤģ־˶зɡ
Ϲ˵ѡˣΪʲôţæûʱдҲûػǷ⣡
ӻǲҸ˵ˣֻĸˣûݣҼѾ棬ԸҰɡ
ϲŲӻ翴˵ùȥֹ䣬ӻҲ֪˵ʲô
ӻյǷֻʲдŸҵţҪôܻʱдµģҪôʱҴϸд֣͵͡
ǶԵġ
㵱һӪԽԽûһڣ˾ˣԲ⣬ȻֱӾˣô붼Ĳƽóֽ˰ǣһûдָպϮֻܴҴд¼֡
ڵڶţͻȻҲô߳ģɣ̸ֻܱܹͬŵ²˵Ͳ˵ҶᡣǸҴϢ˵ҵһɵͻˣ˸ˡ
Ǽ»ûнһֱû׽ù鰸ӻ֪˭ܸκһ˵ֻ˭
֪˸ձץˣ˴һҲʹȥˡ
ӻЩãȻӡвǵ¡Ǹ˳ھǶЩԾԵĸǲ֪
΢סϸüǰ¡ӺݴȥͻʵǸͻʵĶӣӻȥͻǮԼֳĳξͻϮֳֳһıͷܸλԼ˴󺹡
ֶκݶ㣬ȴҪ̡
ñҿôƶƲ
΢ͷﻹ飬ժñᡣǰһա
ӻٿһ죬ס׹ĵط֣
ϴ͵ҵ˻û㣬Ϣ͵֡û˵꣬ɫͻȻһ䣬ֱӻﻤ̧һߡ
һŶӰϵؽУϵĳͷڵϡ
Ѹٰӻñᡸǻͷϣʵ˵˭ģ
ӻ翴˺æס˵ǵ˳ˣҩġ



73  73 
Ǹ˽ͣ ĸ˫ ʮ꣬ үүӸҩ԰ӣ ӻ磬 ֪Ӹйأ ǰ
ûʲôģ׺ߣÿֻڰ￴ۣӻҪæʱ Ҳææܵǰ
ӻǺõģֵطҪƣҪԼݣòŵı˿ Ͼڸһֱûôš
ڵ˳ǳ˶˵ϻ Ͳ룬ÿζ󡣽ʱӻõˣûӰ ³⣬Ϳһ˶ߣ û
κһŮҲ裬 Сųͷ߽ û뵽û־ͱ㷢ˡ
ӻ翴Ŷӽл æ ӣᰴӣô
ûش۰ˡ
ǱߵŮҲҴҸϹ
ӻͷ˵ͷˡܴһֱ֪һţڴɼ졣
ܱ߾ҩжֵҩ㣬˵ҩСӻһŮСķȥһȥɵҩݣĥ۸ϡ
վͷһ߷סϸһ߶㿴㣬ˡ
ߴŲ˫ֱü㵹ǻƵͷϣҪǲŤŤҲŷ֡
Уӻ粻֪Ҫ˵Щʲôñᡣסӣ֣֮ܵҵģǱȽҪȥ
ϸ˵Ҳºͺͣϵǹ㵭ģ˿㡣
ûģֻס֣˳Ů߹·ǰߣֲǲܺһȥòŴңҲڵݡ˵ȷʵʣʲô˭
ģȻܻӸӣŮ֪֮࣬ķŮܴ
ӻŲסһ£ҡͷ˵û˵ҲʣسʱԶһЩС
ȷʵû˵ԼҵĴҲǱ˽´ģģҲûֹ
û⣬ûʲôˡӻʮָգŲأȴĪһ·ڇNɪ
ߵӻᰴͷȴҲֱӰĵ׵ȫ˻ȥûʳ
Ҫʲôʲô˵Ǿϲˣ
֮Ĭڵģ㲻˵Ҳ˵ҲܲµԷ飬ϲ
Ҫң˵뷨ӻ֪Ǽĸҵж󣬻ʵ۶Ӽ£֪
ֵط̫ãҲ
֪˳ɫ˵ҪǨŭ

ӻһ಻õĳб仯ҲƣĴڸУϾʱѧҽѧСɡ
ǿģСΪżĪտԣΪĸףܾľս
ҶСͿʼ壬Ӷҩѧ
˳ǵط󣬱ȾǺǶҪСӻϺҩһسǣòǣ
ѾȥߵûϵҶ̫һ𳤴ͬ㣬ܼ˵̫ӵҪʱ˷׷һ·С¾Źˡ
ʲôʲô
ǻӼҸŵ˯һʱѾˣͬʳ֮ͬ˵вӻ˵仰󣬹ܼҾ͹ȥʳ
ӻΪӣǲô¶ģһֱ財гԷ
Ҫ˰뷹źǾȣȴҲ֪Ϊ̫ӹˡ
ӻãϤ˹ȻЩϲġʱгСߣƽղùµڵ˳ǣ˵ϻʵ٣ҽݵĴ⣬Ҳûʲô˺˵
ʵǰټȥǣΪ˸Ӽһӻټ½κ࣬˵½ǰصˣ½죬ǺͬΪһɵκʶѾãҲ˵ȥûܰѶԷ
ƤЦⲻЦһ٣Լڸж࿴ҽ飬ΪСߵϰա
СϲǸкһֱɳȥ
ӻͷи͸ҽ¬ţ˲˵ЩʲôպҪǶڣСʲôᣬѹ˵ˣǳ|鷳
ѾƻСߵһݽ̵
Ѿȷ˵СߺҳϹϵȺѸ֮ʱžͻ֪ͱһӡ
ǵþϸڣʲôԳѹȥ֮ѪҲһ
򲻵ѣǲӻ⺢ӵϢ͸¶㡣
ӻԡС˹ͨ͵Ӹר˴ȥﲡ⣬ͽǮڷѡ
ڴϣᣵͷӦһ֪ˡ
鷳ⷽ棬ӲˣӻѾΪȻķӦ
²ǰģӺʺǳصģιµӺһɽǣҲ൱λδһƣƾ˭еķ˶ںͷ
ӻ粻䣬ֻǾܺܶˡ
ͷһִ̧࣬˴ֱۣԼ˵ûҪûн˼Ĺǽⲻļҳ
ӻ翿ŴΧû˯һ۴βһŮϨ˵ơ
ŮӦǣŽ̴ľɴеĵоְѵƻ¹͸֮УӰζ  ҽҩģչϸҶŮŹϣ˳ȥ
ӻĿ񣬵ȿ˯ȥʱи˵ִ۾
㾹Ȼ֪ңˣ㾪ȵҲҪһҹ
ӻ۾ǷҶѾ͸Ұ㶼Īǰ
˵ôĪ֣һֲѡ
ȷʵһžܰ߿
ӻ֪ϢģҲûһλã˵¶ʺϣƫȣڽѾŮ㱸á
㰴ס֣ӻһ٣ʵĺڰıαǰҲˡ
̾ұѣҲڶһ
⻹򵥣ӻͳʲô̧ʣͷ͸һлӣó
ӻ粻֪ڸʲôӱЩһҵһӡ
ϵбǣĳһҳԹôռұˣȫ¶Ҫ|ˡ
Զԣߣ¹ͻӵ΢âϵ飬ֻһ۱Ǻֲ㶶ðûĻӶȥ
ȥʱģϣϵĶùȥϨڴߵԲϣ˵ֱ˴ˣҾҵңһ쾭塣
ӻҧסԼ侲Ҫ˵
ͻȻ§סӻֵסţ˾̧ͷ
ӻϸиԣַ̧ʣڴϲңұȫ㡣
ŸֽԼ¡㲻ϲóҲܽĿ
ӻְסӲʵţͷ֮䲻㡣
ϲװĶһ֣ѼҲʲô
ȱסҲӣҡ
ӻҧסûҲǿ̰֮ˣԼȵͷȥ촽Ҷãֻȫһˡ
˵ˣ˻̫ܶӵļӣǰֱڡ
ȥ㴲ϰɡӻڣͷϸıϣϸ׵ָɿ

ڶϣ̫ûŮʱӻѾˡ
ֳסڴϣɫЩףĽëģŮæǰʾôˡ
ƺƣ뼫ˣ˰ͷڶͷϣֻ̫ˡ緹ö˹ҹجΣû˯á
ӻմǱ߻·ʱЩײײȫ̫ڣʮ㡣
㻹ûѣҹʱҧҧۣڱͷ˵λɵЦŽ֪֡ԼΣһˡ
ӻûʱܡ
ϣ˰Ҳûҵ
ⶫӦʱ뵽Լ԰Ѷûˣֻһ



74  74 
ӻ⣬ Լ ҲûҪϡ
Ǳǿ粻ȥģ ҲǳĲ˳
ҹԤ֮У ֻ֮£ȴûġ
ӻԳɺ󣬱ӦˡĿң һһϲûʲô뷨
պûм˵Ĵ㡣
 ֻǵ  ʲôܽ͡
ӻ˯֮ǰ ץҩŮ;ҩ ֮˯ȥ
Сû ⡣
ʵ̫ˣ ӻ˯ ᱳʹŮΪʲô Ҫʲôӻ˵Լû¡
ѪĻëѪʢӻҽ Ѫֹסˡ
ӻסӣ ס࣬ Ůȥ˯һ
ϱӴûŮѪ£ⱲӸӣŮӶûӦ
㳢Ȥһأӻܾˡ
ʱӻķ䣬ûš
ֻ룬ӻ˵պҵԼϲͬѰӣڲ롣
ʲôҪ˵˺һŵ㲻ϲֲںЩ
ӻҡͷҲС
ʱ֪˵ʲôӻϲԼҲܼ˵ѼϲŮİ٣࣬ͺ˿ڣһ˵ͱӻЦ
ӻʱдְ֣鼮һóдעͣƬϸСɿɰգ͸ʱůʮ㣬㼸Ϻɺ辰ӨŷΣ衣
鷿ĺľϣסӻ硣
òһֱһë۾ƯЩԽ¡ؿڹһͻᵯϸʱܺ»۶ϡ
£ſӣ۾
¹ʵģҹԼϸ|ۼůģ߽㣬εεģķϽ|ƵϢֻռõƽϢ
ϲһģҪһӶһ
ӻܵߣͣ±ʣ΢΢̧ͷ֧ľ¶׵Ĳ
㿴ʲô
һ£˵ҵ˲Ҷ࿴ĵӣ
ӻԶԣֻԵӻһû䣬㶼Ѿˣô뷨
ֱüʣҲ꣬󣿡
ӻմīǰԼϲҲգôԼһԼϲģż㿴ңƺҪʲô
ҲûʲôԺǵдңҪÿ£Ҳֱ׿ڣһרŵʹͬ
ȥսϾʱղ࣬ÿÿпգץӷΪʲôţӪѾȢӣյӼʱҪߺһҫһĽʡ
Ҳ
ӻϵīˮεֽϣѱʷʯʼϣڵֶдģֵطУԺǾûжʱ䣬ǻûĳȥѾĸ׷֡
ҵˣһûʲôԼԼ裬ǱıţԺؾͲõ¡
ӻҪݶؾʲô
߿ңǵÿգͬأԼҲҪעⰲȫҪˣֱۣҶľսѧһµģ
ã߻У϶֣һۣãԣ˵㾭ȥҩ̣ҩĶüȥô£
˭ӻˣҶӣôӡ󡣡
㵹ߵ˳͵㣬Ҳܹܡ
УҲΧ¡

˳˹£в˯ʱμԼ˴˶٣һ󣬷Լı˴ˣ
˳ǵطСЩϢûҲӻ绳
ʾԼֻǲѧС죬ûжͨˣӻԴֻܵʲôûñ˰µ¡
ΪҪϰ£û뵽ֻ˲졣
;дϢʵ۲ΣҩʯЧؾ
ӻ㱣ʵʣµʱգҲ⼸ˡ
֮ǰӻ籧ӻıΪܶһЩû뵽¡㲻õģʱ뾩㲻ȥֱѧװйԱΪ㡣
ʹһͬ޹أǵӻˡ
ʵ۴ӻܺãĺԵµĻӣԽһأҲĵġ
ӻ籧ݵͷǵñԼ
֪ʵģסСߣôʱģֻһԳӣҲ˵ʲô
ӻ磺һġ
ӻ·Լߣòű˶˵
˳ŵû𴦽Щ˳ۣҲ֪ﰲȫسַָͽ
Ҫߵʱ򣬸ӻһֻͷ̺͸壬˵⼸ʱģһ㣬˵ŮӶϲ֣ұˡ
ӻ˲͵ֻ׹εӺÿһ
뿪ӻӣһ˲ȥ̾
²ůģ֦ͷҶƬչƺں͵Ķ֪ԼҪԶ·صذҷŽöò
תͻȻ
ӻعͷʱʮѹĵ˼˾ͻ᳼
㶣֪ôͻȻˣͣСɽ𴦣ǵö壬Ժȥ䣡
ӻֵֺ߬⣬ۿһᣬӦ˾ãعʱžе㶪ˡ
Цһ¡
ӻ˸иŮſڵȺ򣬼ӻ񣬰ӻӭк󣬵ӣǵѾã¡
ʵ۲ΣС£ӦҲϢ
ӻסӣڽױƺУ֪Լʱòϡ
ܹգڳ£ôûȥһˡʵ۲Σݱλ֮»Сı䶯
ʣ¼ûϢʱ䣬ʹɱ˽뽫֮ˣҵ΢ģȲ˱ʤ
ǼսУʤ࣬ȡʤ
ʱͻͬ|䣬ӱɱӼλ֮󣬱̤ԭ֮ʱ
ӻ絹ܼ£óܻؾ



75  75 
ӻ絽˳֪˲ô࣬ ֻӲʺϴǣ ȥƫƧˡ
ƽ念 ΨһĶȴֱڶ˾ÿϧ
̼ܵ ַ¹ЩȫĸӶ˵ˣ˾òã Ҳصصǰ˵
ӻʱ ſҪسŵİ ƣ æȥ
Խֵ 󲿷СѾʰ̯ӻؼҳ̯֧ţ ˮ һƬ
ϵζ 룬 Ա߰ΧۣȽ˺ĵ̺ ܲû˵
ӻȵ·ڿյ˲ؿڲô״ϸһ磬 סӡ
ϷſڵȺ ӻ磬 ̨ӭӻ磬ӣ֪صڻȺѾһʱ
ϷӻǶʱյ˲ӻڸ壬ûš
ͷʯʨ͸ߴƱˣӻףͬһСô˯ˣ
Сӽˣո˯£ŮԱߺš
ӻ̾С߲ڣԳӣָˡ
ʹСüۼôһЩĺۼҲĳ谮֪ƽ֮Сߵĳ谮ֶ˼֣ͺѴǰδӻĳ谮ӵСһ
ӻ翴óҲû˵ʲôģСʱֲСֻǿ飬̫
ڻкȲ裬ʹͷڷݵҲûȡ
Ѿ֪ʵ۲ص¡
Ժķᴵһǣӻֽ̧ӹĲ豭Żغľϣĸʲô
̧ͷˣ
ӻһ£ʣ֪ĸˣܻ
ƽľؾӶ࣬ΨһǷҲбʲôƺ׽һСӣд󲿷ֶúöԳĻ
չ˺ó⼸ƽΨһС
ݺȾǽҪƽȴѡھǣԭ˶֪ûôҰģھǴʵ۹˼ɡ
˳˾۹һھǸȻ
ʵ־ٶûԤϵõ
ûź˶ȥͻȻڶӻ˵㸸׻غ񣬳˰˷֪һѵ۵⣬ûʲôֵóë
ƽպദðƽٻˣǷ˾ͼҹ棬ȴϳͲӲ飬ܶ˶־¡Ҫֵһˣı嶼ͦñȱ𴦵ıҪֱЩ
ӻµõ˶ƽľأڽʱ˵ƽʱΧ۹
૵Ҳ޸㸸ףЩǲǾͲᷢҲͲŻʵۣս˵߾裬ûܺõ
ӻֻ֪Լ뷨Ҳûڴ
ɫ԰ףҲЩ㱣㸸׺ͱ˲һҪ˱ǣۣҲü̳²Ҽ޸ʱʮ꣬ʱѾ쵽֮ꡣ
Ƕ˼٣ʱ̫Ůݲͣƽŵԣƽ˽ϵȷʵ̫˴
ӻ翴ᣬҪڰο˵¡
׷ܣΪ·ǽѣðս鷳ˣֲ˼˵ʵ̫ƴˣż¡֮Ƕˤ¼죬¹ѣʱĴϲǣ˻ΪҪ檣֪Уһ˹ϲ
˵һ룬ͻȻӻӣ֪Ŀڡ
ƽͳĸġ
ЩʿйƽķԸһôȥ󣬻ͬԼˣ궼Ϊƽʮδйҡֻƽ
ӻ˵飬֪ĸЩΪ
˻ƣͬ㣬Ҿԭ±¡㸸Ӣۣڱ͵Ϯ£ԩû㣬ô㣡
޻ʵۣҲԼ
ӻӵ˳ǻʱΪлؾĴ㣬δ˸У׿ںԼ˵ƽ¡
ᱧסԳ˵ĸףο»в˻ؾǣǸʥּǻؾĸ׳Ʋˡ
ӻǰŮСûиףЩãÿμΪö
ǰݱ˾һ룬ݱ͵ϮʱлܵУаӦ֮ƣҲȲѹܾԮ󲻵вҰܡ
ʱѾΪӻ絲ȥˣӼֻʣӻһ
ҪסҲ뻤סݡ
ʱֶ֮ʣȱҪԱݣ⼸òҪ̤ȥ

鲻ѣӻֺò׻һˣС߱㱧˯
⺢Ѿ˯һϱЩſӻϣСֱʮˡ
߽׽׽ˣԲԲ۾ȻȻˡ
ڸ꣬˵һʹᡣ
˺֪ʲôϵóܿġ
ӻḧСߵСЦԺ׽
⺢ӱ̫ʲô֪ҲҺСһЩûش⡣
ҪҪ
һֱˣʱʱ̶̿ϣ㡣
һ£ᣱ紵ӻƿһǱӣСԼȥ˯ԼСͷϣӻӣ˵ԣС߿Ц
Ҳһͬ˯£һӡСڣҲ˯ÿ죬С΢΢Դԣƽ
ӻСҴñǺŮϨơ
ͷľԼԲסҪʮܼף˼棬ҲϲԷ
ӻС߿иףԲ㡣
ʵ۲ΣϢסģܿʹ˴󼻣ǹԱ඼ˣ֮⣬Ҳʮ꣬ݲǿκҲ̫ӵĵλ
գӻ粻ôǣص˳ױ㻻ȥһƧСǡ
ѻӻӳ⣬ɢĵͬһȥ
ݴǰƽӣõУǿʢհҵõµĶ
ݵİûӻ簲ģȱ֪ö࣬պᷢʲô
ʵȥǻƵۣ󼻳ûʣٰӡ
һ̤ƣʺͻʵȵȵĴڣֻΪպԶ
Ӫʳۡ



76  76 
ݸϻؾǣ һµʱ䣬 һ·糾ͣûأ ֱӼʹ
˵ˣ ۾޵ſڵʱϣ߸߹ĵ紵мյˣʾꡣ
磬ȥ
Ųһ٣ ͷ
ʵ۳谮ĺӾôЩһ
޵ڵҽüҩʲôҩǿϽж˵ء
ʵѾ  ˫ۣ
ǰ ԣס֣˷оգ 踸
ʵǣ ˻ʣɺã
ȥݵ²ûдģ Ҳû ȥӻ磬ҳ
ûлش𣬻ʵۻҲˡ
ȣ޵ͬһ뻽շֹ紵
Աߵܹæˮ
ӹιƭһʺúϢõı£ڻ·ϡ
ƭңʵһܣδùң಻ðླպҪȡʵĽѵˣûӹݡɲ
ƽǼǻʵ۵Ĵɷϣʵ۲ĳʲôݵЩ
ıһֱߣۿȻʺţûʲôӡ󣬵ʵһֱȨǴȸͬҲϸ
ͷзִ硣
ʵ۵ǻжʮ꣬λÿ촦ۣݶԳЧ󣬵ԣܱȡ
ʹĹ˶֪ʵӲ࣬˵ǽҴﾪš
ؾʵδȫѹϡ
⼸ջʵ޵гк̼ӹѵ޳һţСĺޣԴĲͣĨᡣ
˭֪ʲôҪ
ҽ˵ʵۻܳŰ£ʵ춼ûȥϻؾǵĵ磬ݱȥ
ڳӿ޳һţ̶
Ĵǰֽճȭگһԡ
ʹڵͳϢ֮£񲿷ٹ
ݿϹۣڵȱ˵Ķ̫ʾֻ˼λ´ʷЩطġ
ݴϢ̸ǡ
ʵۼݱ˴£³ط롣
̫Ҫһ֮λأʵۼݱ˶û٣µۼλӲ̫ˡ
йԱΪˣ׼ˣǳ٣ڸһºɡ
ƺƵļλڻʹ񣬹ӭµ۵ǻ
ӻ絽ʱѾǻǰն۱ݵķӦ
Ϸ⿴һۣͷӻ˵ôûǻһ֡
ӻС΢΢ףʵݵǣûôϢ
һ·ǰУܱϴ
صʱղ뿪ϤСĴſͬǰһ䡣
Ÿ͵Ⱥںŵ־ǰʥּӣټ
ӻ㶣ЩûӦ˵˭
㻹̫ӣ֪˵ʲôѣɰͰ˵ϲóǵв˵һͨû뵽һλؾǣѾ
ӻ粢ûлؾĴ㣬¬˵УƽҾʲôҲû˵

ʹҪྲö࣬˼׷׶һۣ̫ӹϵ˭ã̫ӵǻһ˲ϡ档
ʵ۲Ÿߣвô˸ˣѾ룬̫񣬻ĸһˡ
Ӽҵûʵ۳谮ӻСʱ򾭳빬ԻʹһжϤġ
ɫƻһƬûÿܾҪ´ꡣӻܹȥ޵̨ףһСӱϴͣ
̧ͷϣ°͡һ۵ݹüû֮ɫ
ӻ緽ŽʱһӲݸ壬⸱һʱ֪˵Щʲôãֻżʵʲô
żһ·üͷǲʲôοң
ӻĵǻҲ֪Ǵ󼻵Ļʵۣ㣬ǰûʲô
ɣҿΣա
ܹ˵ӻ֪ǶлҪ˵
ͷһֻŲݣ˵ȥû˼㲻
ӻ˶٣£סҳ;棬һ·ûôͣϢᡣ
˼Ƭ̣ȷʵӦˣֱݶڳһڰ£ԼϵĻҳߵӻߣ§ļ˵߰ɡ
ӻ΢΢ţֻһ
ΪԼطʱǳĬ˶֪˵ʲôûǺǰһӡ
ǰǿƽأʯ壬־ܰأӻ̤ڣͻȻͲΪʲô𣿡
㲻Ϊ⣬ʲôʵģܹ鸸дҲûʲô
ӻ΢΢һ٣Ĭ޺ϣ޵İáûôסעʵãЩڡ
ˣЩһֱסڶ㴦£ӺľԲһ裬ҰѺٻˣ߽ǱߴϢͻڶƺû֪ͣ¹˭֣һţ˷ˣûʲôô
ӻöӹ裬һڣʣҪ
ûվǰֻѾô׼ܾҪߣͻʣм򲻹ȥ
ݱ߾пͻʽط̫Сһ紵ݶ˲ͻϮ״ݾߡ
ӻͷֳСϣͬ˵ѲɴҪӦʱ򡣡
ҵܾͬˣֻںӲӲӮˣ㣬㿴룬һ£ˣ
ӻͷе㣬ŵס˵
ؾǴʱҲ᳤ԺҪ˴λؾѾ⡣
ͻȻʣѧҽѪ𣿡
ϴοһҩҩѪʱû¶⣬˺þòŷӦ֪ǰëκûС
ӻ̧ͷֻǲ̫ϲҪʲô
΢С㶨ǲԸҷֿ㡣
ü



77  77 
ӻü ɵ ˵ûҪȥʲô µõ
̫ Ǽ⣬ӻתͷݽȥǲܣӼҿ㣬ĸһ԰㣬 ӪҲɽŮӣ˻ϳңԼȥС
ûпܣֻǵ֪ܡ
òС
γݳ֣ʺһֲ
ʱʺɱԮң º֣ ΪȺ֪Ӱģ˻ûʺ㡣
 ĵʱܳǰڻ֮Թսʺܻʱ ʱΪԼ Ҳһս
Ӯ ûڶʱڽ Ǻܳʱ䶼һر
ǲУһ챻˷Լķţ
㿪ڵİɣѾȥӼּ˵㷸ڹУԺͰҳȥһҲû⡣
ӻ̧ʳָĶͷԼԶһ㣬ôԺ鷳Լ𣬱Ұ͡
濴õ뷨ܺͱ˲һӻʵѾ簲ޣӻ֪ʱԾɾ̫ˣڻûзӦؾһ·û̾Ϣ
ͷ·ֻƽһ΢С£ҳݣ֮󣬾Ѿû˼ǵ
ʵƽ򣬵԰գӦġ
ӻֻǳĬһͻȻ͵һ£ֱһ£ʱԶԣֻõ²ûã㿪ʼ£˼⣬ñһ١
֪Լ޽Ե˱ӼңҰҵһи㣬ӦЩƽӦҲһ𡣡
ӻ̧ͷƺûһ£ΪʲôĵŵĻʵۺƽǶһ
ƽԱŮϧ񣬶϶谮Ůϲˣҿݣվֱȥݣǰȥ鲻ãҲֱݣ汻ҿھǣûѡ񡣡
ҡ
ͻȻ˵磬̣Ͳҿ𣿡
ӻ˶٣뿴£ȷʵеദʱӦ̫࣬ݻгСߡ
㿴һ˫ֽģǣ£ⷬԥԥӣѲǣҵˣĸˣȥɱˡ
ӻ￩һ£˽ġ
˵⻰ʹԺҪȥݲ̽ɣֻˣȥԣ㲻ĸ׷ߡ
кѣϷˣȻ

µ۵ǻ֮δھǰ֣⣬
ƺƵľϣǰפӪľӻϣýּ֪̫ӶύݣݣսӾ뿪ʱвں͡
ʱ˭Ҳ֪ºСڻһλĹȴǰ쵽
ʺȫǣʮ꣬ᰮȲ裬биֲҶϵȺò衣ܾǰĻһˣĻĸף޸ƽȵԾԵƵǻƵۣ˷أٳ
ͳǣ̽Ӳһѻҳ
µ۵ӵһĴΪӮ뽫޵Уҳү֡
ʺ֣˵ıʿŴڳĻš
ʮλĻŷ׷״ܱ˳Եµ۵ȷʵ󣬵ìͷֱָݣбʹ뽫ѾµӮǵ֮үҪľ衣
ἸݣѾǳ͵꽫󼻶ҲƽҲõһ
ʺͷȻʤŴ
ıʿ˵˲µ۲ֱӾǵݣƲݣ֣ɼʧ
ʺݵ̶ҪһݣݱߵأԶͳǣȴҲɲͬʡ͵ĵƣñΪһƿС۽ֵ
˷׷׶һۣ˳ʣүµ۴һ˵ҵױµһˣӺݾ΢ԶЩ׳©
ʺ豭òǲŪ²Ҷȿ衣
һ˵ǻΪ´ֵˣر߽˭Ҷ֣ԼȰϣȫ֮ߣɵԼ֣סݣʧΪð취
ʺڣΨ֪Ǵˣ֪µۺǣסûаôϴɱˮûֹŴһͼ죬е˵
үǰ˽ƻܱˮ
ʺеĲ豭ҲĴֻҪţµ۾ݣҲ󲻵ˡݵúãλЩҶȥԣ
֪ȲԲҪ

ӪһѡҲԽԽ࣬дȱ٣㵽ŮɣŮӲӪפһС֮УػԸԴԷսҪ
˽˶֪ᣬ˵һӪеĴ˶־Ӷ࣬ΪµЩѵܲһ󲿷˶֪Ůӡ
ӪӵܣӪֵ˵Ůû̫ӵģٸߵˣһ̫ǣ̫˵Ů޸࣬棬ദ
ⷬٶʵ𾪣˶Ǳӣ˾д֣ƫ˲ͬ
ӻ˵Ц
ȺŮﶼģеѾףѾӣ̫СûҪҶôʶֻһǻѪӪ
ӻɴסӣϸü۸Ӻÿ˶ʶΪѾףʹʲôģˡ
ϡҹ֦込Ҷ׷ףϵһɴҶסû˷֡
м˴ҩ簴˵ɷѾƽ򣬶ӪصظϣЩƽĸӾžۡ
£һ㲻˹ˣ֪ƣҶУҪǵӴҸҾĽ
ԽԽԶʱӻɿſס֣С˵ҵ㣬粻ҩϷأһΪļҵͽӡ
㱻ǽϣ§ס
ʺ򵥣ѾʲôҰ֧Ԯ¶˳ȥϸս֣Լ䣬ͷ϶ҪԣһֱôãֻиĽĵط˯ţͨģҲ˯š
˵ô࣬󲻹
ӻ³Կ࣬㲻κһˣˣҲװ
Ҳܻ䡣
ӻΣⷬе޷ۣҲ֪˵ȷʵġ
Ǵ̵ĸкֻ֣ȴ֪ҲŵͼգҪõķӡ
ӻҪ˵ʱͻȻ͵ͷһ¡
ڻ谵Ļһۣʲô壬ȴֺܿе١
ӻ̧֣סĲſڣӵǣڼžĽ
еָϸĲʶĶ
ӻֿ֮ʱͷ˲㱡ͷؿҲͷ֣Զ㡣



78  78 
ƽӻ縸ף ӻû һ粻ȥĿ
Ըݣǵ ǲټ档
ӻԼķݣ Ϊϲ㡣
һ¶̫ĥ Сߵĳƽ ǰǵӶóˣʱҲѹء
ܷ˼Ȱⳤ רȰο
㣬 ǿӲòɴݵʯͷˮ֣ ƽȴʲô롣
ս֮ϻһЩˣ絶ȿֽѪֹҩϣ ʱ䡣
λؾӪ ʮ첻ٳӻһߵȺϢ һдŻݣŸռĳȥû죬㿪ʼ˹׼ 뿪֮ӻ˽ۡ
˵¬͵ϮӺݣ ̫ ɳ һˮʩѹµۺݲϣӼϣµðһ
ӻ˶٣ɵڣݱ䣬ȳǣסʺ㣬սû㻵
˽˵Сӻ֪㹥һ̴ôûע⵽ԱߵСָһѪӣ˻һ
˿˿ڣСһЩӻЦӦһִ˿ڣЩ
ʱͻȻҴܹϢǳҽΣˣҽĴ
æҩţӻҪȥʱСסǴɴ˻ԣȥ
ӻһɡ
ֱͨͳǵıؾ֮·ǳش̳ι̣ˮ·դѽȥֻҪ°ǣݻ౶
ʺΪɳԶǽʿ࣬ʺȥسǵļλ֮⣬ɱɻ俴ˣ͹Ҳûֳ
֪ҪʱЦţ»Ʈ죬ǽ׼|ǸĽ֮ҽһʧ
ʺ˵Ϊ˷ѱ䣬Ǳ㽫Ƶ޷ɽͬʱٴӺ͵Ϯ˫лӦ
ɪҶѵءǳٳٲ㹥ɣȥ󷽣ͻȻ˵ʧɫ³ǽ˽䱸ʱͻϮ˽˰ǣ
ڽ֣ܹͬˮսõĺϾӣѡվȥɽ£ͨڰͻ룬նɱֳǡ
µȺףձ࣬ЩóսľˮԺãǲ¼ðһƻ밲Ǿ֮У³ţ롣
һȥ񷢾ԣΧ̫
սꪣµʺ
㲢ûлţֻǳڣýʿǽɢܣնע£Ҫźǲעĵбʱ¥һͻȻ¡
ӻϵӪ֮ʱеŨѪζͷԷΣûʱע⣬ֻǼҴҵСȥӪʡ
ʱüϤɴҲ벻˭
߼λ׽ĸԼ֪һǰսûӪֻǷСլҲһֻ۱һֻۡԴ½ʿãǿҾͬʱҲʮ
ιǱ㷢ֵ磬ǰôұ÷ߣðż壬ǿȥ󷽽ӵź֮ƻͻ֧Ԯмգɻ΢ʤˡ
һ䵽ؿϣˤȦƥԵİ˺üսϡ
ӻ翴ڵϣѪɫޣӲʵųʹͭɫؿǰļѾһЩ
촽ҧһԴڸֹѪָΰμ
ӻǿסϵ侲ǰùһҽ飬սҪ˸ҽΣжҩҪߣҩֻ࣬ȾֹѪֹסҿдҩλбǷã˰ס
ؿڴ˼²ӲΣʺҪõĶԲ򵥣ҽ·ϸģ·ߵҽô
ȺŮӣüֱ˱īӻдš
Ӫһڰɳ̣бīֽ⣬һЩżᷭı飬һԡ
ѾӻϤģϴμ滹ǰӻʱͻСŮװҷԸס˭
ಡӸĴҽͨսҪΪصŮװǰս㣬æдҩӡ
·ս꣬Щ֢мأƬ̱һͬⷽӣ̾˳ȥĥҩɵҪμʱֳ⣬˵λɣǶ̫࣬˼Ҫ
ڳ˶ЩΪѣӻڰͷðĺģͷķƫƫԱϵѪѾʼᡣ
ӻԥˣ֪˵ĹǣʱԽԽΣգ侲ΰɣһֱҲ£̫ĥˡ¼࣬¡
ʹȱ˳ٶۣⲻܲ⡣

Ļģڳϲ⣬ӻæסϣֽӹ˵ҩι
һԴæڰμʱס⣬̫á
ʶһʱһʱģסӻ磬ͷ·ڵְɡ
ռͷ亹ðҲֻס
ӻ类סڲ
ʹۣԼ۵ɫ԰ףȴûðѾñճϵ׼ֱǲҪιȥ
ֿ죬ӻ绹ûӦ㱻˳Ѫӿ㴽ɫѾףôЩȴֻһ¡
ӻΪûŵۿˣҩ

Ӫã˯˹ȥλվ˿ɫСĴȱͻȥֻӻ
ʱԼ˿Ѿã˯ڴϣӻںͼλ˵
һƬҲֻȼһյƣ谵
˵Щһλǰҵҽ飬պһؼһܳӪ
λǸδңð֮⣬ҲлԸҽ顣
һûˣȿȿȵؿתͷæȥλڵϣСΣ˵ֻҪУصº֢
ӻɤ۵ȥ
㿴ӻ磬ɴסӣϵĵǣͷЩңڻûȥɣû¡
߲ݺԣҶǹˣóлҪ˵һۺʶȤȥ
ӻҷɣˡ
ָпСȥԲ߰һԲʣڴԱߡ
Լصطοʲô˵ģҲܣֱĴ齣



79  79 
ˣ ӻһ Աߡ
ֻȥʣ𣿡
ʵش˵е㡣
û£ ɴסʵ壬 ¶Ѫգ ӻѱϳ˳ ס塣
ζ˿ڣֻ˵ϴڽʱ˵Ҳؿڣ ÿضҪط һҪһ㣬񲻵ҴȣôѧԼСһЩ
ϴڽһλ óɹˣԼҲ͵ϮӻĵΪġ
ҪӺã ¶²
ӻǰʱ ֻ˻ΰ룬Ҳʵ ֪ܵ˲٣ȴ֪δζճ
ѾСˣ˵ ҽԡ
ϴκڽݽսΪģ ˵ʵ۶С ƽ򼫴Ǳʵı ӻϵٺãҲŹ
ʱûϣûף׼ӻ̯мЩ鷳
ӻܲʲôüģûʲô˵ġ
ǰѡͱ˴̽ӣԭΪֶ֪θߣ룬ûӣСʱǿƵ˭ҲǣǿʶҲ˭Ҫ
ԺǵøСģӻ粻֪˵ʲôúϢɣѾϹأ㡣
߲Žз棬ϵܳȥСıץס˵в֮ģ˯Ҹλá
˵ԱŲλãӻһæȥҶ˱ϴҪصö࣬ԺһרŵĻļףⲻǿЦġ
㶼֪˻Ӧֹ쿪ַŴϣӻ˯ˣҪ˯Щϲϵζ
ӻ̾һӻСС߶Ҫ˯أԼ˯ȥҩ
ôòȥأҸɷҡ
ӻʵֲֻ˴΢΢ϥڴ¶СطԼԼֱۣڵ˯ù뿪֪˭ƺΪǰŮװ㡣
ȥؿڣᵯһ仰û˵ζʮ㡣
˵ϹȻϲŮ
ӻԼҲһСƵģʲôҲ֡
ЩϢӻֱ۷ŵԼ౧סֱסҸдţҪ¬㣬ǣסˣܶ°Լб£ԺӦҲס㣬һ仰ע壬ҪȻ²·ܵȡ
ֱ۶ǽʵ⣬ߺÿս֪˶ٿ࣬˶ˡ
ӻͷ῿ϣƽƽ
㲻ˣҡ
ӻεĸ˵ֻЩ㲻˯Ҷˡ

˾ģÿζ˼Ҫ֮Ҳܼһڴϰ󣬾ܻ
ʺרȥسǣǶû㵽֪ɽлƫɽУسǵЩͬУ棬Ҳ۾͸һα㹥˰ǡ
ӻΪڵչ
ιʤòף˵˺ܶ࣬򱻷ֵȥӻӪˣСǶȫڳеһլ˼졣
ӻ粻ѶϵӣȻѾþǱ˳ĶΪΪѹ죬Ҳͼ죬ϲֻռ֡
ȻĻһ㣬Լƽܸá
ӻոհˮϣͺ߳صһʲôҲ˵
ΣšɾӣȥӣѾϰƢʱûԼһţͱ
⿪ҲֱװǷ
ӻᰴס򣬸ҽʱһСúÿҲãʱ죬һû˺Ҫһ
ͷ´˭
ӻЦߣָ壬ұġ
ԶԣĪ
סʼǼ쾭дõÿ죬Ҳó˴ӻ磬ûټԹ
ʢԼ¶࣬ӻҲǰ壬ιιҩ
ӻҪһߣתЩ
ӻǰǶ໰ûһʼ߶߶Ϊǰȫģʺ˵ڶ˯˾ҹúҪȰǼ֪᲻һţҪ˽ʺᣬҲˡ
ˣҾͳȥһͱԹô࣬ӻСܹ˿ڣǰСûʵ
˵ҪСͰﲻóȥ
ӻᵯͷҲزס
ûоЩԼǰҪЩŶͷҲֵġ
еܹǶݵģݱ̫ͣãʺҲûʱ䡣
ҪؾӪǰҹǼլ˶ϲóš
Ϩڽĵϸȴ϶ãӻϥǹþˣЩ죬ץ壬㺹¡
㽿㿴ҪŲȥڻÿӸ˼ȥҵĴҵǿһЩÿ춼ڶǸŮ
ӻ翿ɢϸļϣûˣʲôҲ˵ͷҧĴ˵ǰ˵ҲԣһǶ¹ˣʱʱ̶̿㡣
̧ȥֱУڡ
ӻһգԺҪԼעⰲȫҪᡣ



80  80 
ӻöע壬 ࡣ
ΪԼ̫ˣ еεС⣬ΪӻǰҪöˡ
ӻξӶ࣬ ʢ ޶ȣ ʵˣ Ų鲻ԸЪ£ֽŶϣ ӻַȥ
ɺתĹϵ ͻأϲưͣ ˺öκھҧ|УҲѪ
ӻУ ʱˣ |ȴַڵڶλ·ֻϲúһ ƶЩƮƮ
ڶ峿ʱӻ绹û Ѿףĳɢͷϣ ˰׸첲ָۣ  ¾ͿƲס
ӻ῿ţӺ§סŪһ٣ֶ|Ҫ̧ҧ˵|룬ý
ҡʱãȻġ
Ҫˣڴ˵ĻһܸϻҪȥ棬Ҫˡ
֪ӻһֻԼһˣһµ
㲻̫ϣȫ֮ߣҪ֣׷ƥûˣ㻹ѵѵµģ۾ҲȻؾһˣϷ϶ġ
һ˶ۣ漸ŪͷƤȥҲ㣬ǵͣ˯ɡ
ӻһ֣üƽ
ͷˡ
ӻͷһͷ뿪
ջ۾
ӻھӪչʱ½½ûϳ
ص²̫˵ڣҲ̫˽Դ˵ķӦҪû֮Ҳֲ
ӻ֪Լϲ̫ãԼݵú鲻
ǲеģƽû棬׸ŮԻʵŶûȥһۡ
ӻ˵ʵܼżûһֱۣڷˡ
ǣһ̸ף
С뿪֮ӻլ˼졣
Ǳ֮ӻ˶˱׼ؾˣҲר˽ӻ̾ʲôû˵
û뵽Ҫʱߴ塣
̫ˣµôΪѡ
ڹʱغ󷽵ģ밲лӵʿϣֱ۴ˣʱϲս
ӻ磬ǵ˵տԺĻʺ
ˡѴλڵϣͷ˵ĩǴˣӦµ±ǳŵҪһˣ·ϳ£ĩص֣Ҫ׹
ӻںľԲԣڲ裬Ҳµ㹧˵ʲô
ֻǵỤһȥһˣŸ߱ˣͬ¹ϵһ㣿´˷֣÷ֵ壬һͳȥʺҪ˵»ӹ
֪˺йദĹ⣬ԵĲ˶ֻΪ;㹴ϵġ
ӻΪԼѾ˵ùףֻҪӦֱܷء
ƫƫ㣬ӲԣƢøţһͬ⣬ɴڵϲӻԼٶ˵ȥĻɡ
סͷôһУʲôû˵ô϶һΣգ
ӻˣһЩˣ㲻Υĳŵ˰ɣҪԸ㣬㲻սһ֮Ŀǰȶؾ·ϻǰȫģĲٶ˵ˣЪϢ
⽫ſطҲûðֻ뿪
ӻݱſڴϣܲôж١
Ҫ̫࣬ƻȫ׳ӡ
ӻͷͷ붼㣬Сɸʲô
ع񷢾Լʲô뷨ڴշתסԼɣʲôʱҲһҹˣ
Щ֣ȴ˭ģС˭У͹ֲϡ
ɳǴȵ֮˵

֮գ紵ʱЩ䣬լΪӻ׼ؾ֮ҲѾ졣
ӻҲҪ뿪ʱųضһ£ͷλߵģҪ˷ս󷽱
ȴѹȸС
⽫ҲͷμӲƢЩĥ͸ľѡĻʺסӡ
ӻʻڻؾĹٵϣҪЩ塣
ˮδϣмˮŸյһƬڣڸ·ǰһվĬĬʱ䡣
ŵİ̽ǳߵˣ˵⸽ǧҪСġ
ɽҰ֮أ᫲ƽɽ˺Уǲ飬ܱߵζ͸Զ֪ĸ£ðյĺõط
򴽵ȴûãԱͻȻƥ˻Уӻųǿȡ
ܱߴ򶷵˸ߺ
ӻΪӼҵˣóһЩȻ˽̸Ķһ١
˲Ӽҵˣ˵ӻĻ
סںٷˣ
ͻȻʧһĴҴܣֱײӻĶͷĵһǣӿѪ˻һֵ֮С
ܱҳһţӻסѪ˿ڣ֮иվȡ
֪ܣڽ׷ӻߵͷĿѣһͻȻסϵо
ӻһѪҺ

ϴϵѪҺŰĻӣܿ±µޣûͣ٣ֱӵɽ¡
ɫվУҹе̹ǰ㺮䡣
ߵĽʿѹżͽȭʣڡ



81  81 
ҹɫУ  һɾũСԺ֮Уżĺ ӻ˯ڴϣ ͷϵ˿ڱɴס
СԺסˣ һǸߴʵˣ һϣƺǸư͡Ǹкذأ ǸղһӼӻˡ
ҽкذأ ס⡣Ҵ˺У˶ڣ ;бȲڴ˴ͣҳý׳ ȥ ȽŲ㣬ҹ ذˣʰڵҩģͷ̽⸽йǰ Ҳֲܿ࣬ȥͨ籨ţ ǰǰ棬 ˹
ȷʵøߴ ӢӲʣ۾ǴɫƽϢֹЩ죬ȴ˵ﲻԡ
ߵİ·ˣûʣֻлλṩסʮӣСܾҪϢλɷܱã
ذԥƬ̽ӹӣطãСȷʵܾҪȥôңҪȻͷ̣̫á
·ݺ顣
ذصͷȥڽ壬ͷһӻ磬תߡ
뿪֮·һȦֲ۵ĽһСغɫӣ۲첼ϣǴֲ£ž·˵ղ

·ϸ㶣æӻߣʵΣ
ӻӴɾޱסȣͷɴְס΢֣˵λ
ܹӣСôûԡذͻȻһ׷ӻЦһ£Щֲ赭ɽ
ӻֲøʹסҲ˯ȥɡ
·֣µΪкذصˣɻȴֻǱȭѾţй¶СϢѾˤ£֮¶޴󰭡
ӻͷӦɻشϣ˫ְѱӸͷס岻Ҷͺڸǻ
ذźһΪصȥʢķ
ȥֻʣӻһˣӴ©ᶯ
ӻղذص˰죬ð亹ָ߬סߣѹסԼĺؿٶȴԽԽ졣
ղǸ˲кذأ裬ͻʸﲼ󺹵ĴӣպѶԸĶ֮һجΡ
طҲŵأǰѪӣԭ˻Ѿ
ӻԿסԼͨͨƺҪѶһ㡣
񻹼ǵס֣ݺնǰ²ͷ­ͷ˵Ҫٸӣͺͷ²һ³
ǲĽѵֻجεĿʼ˵ԣ۾뿪һδɱ󼻵ķ²һһΣһһΣôôֻ޾ɱ¾Ϣδ
ӻϵˣСʮ꣬͵͵Ÿ׳ץôغ˵»ǡ
ȷʵһٹǺûȵľԮѡӻϡ
ÿζ˵ŮҪЩϲޡ
¬ݺʹ˾ļл֮£С࣬ƽȣΪʩ֮¬һǿסݣӻͬӻ˵ģƽѪԼ̳ȥ
ʲôҲƽΨһŮմ󼻽ʿѪ
ӻҧסйɵѪζҿ޳
ϵ˿ڴʹӻҪҪ㡣
ʼͣ·ţŸղŷֵĺ첼Ȱǰ
ܴˣλȥɽ
õģǷֲˡ
ͽϮ·˵л˼ҽҪҴ壬һǮ
·ûԼ˲ͽȥǱߵֲɵ¶߿¾ͻᷢ쳣
·û뵽ذ⣬ǵҪһӻ磬ֻƵط͡
ذйӣ·ݾ߾
кذؾûס̫ãӵӦǶ»򸾵ģѾˣӱռݡ
ֵطٲһͣǾ͵ߣ̫ۼҲױ˻ɡ
·ٻؾ·Ϲһլӣֻʱ
һ걸֮Ҫܷͷ
µ۾ԲŮ֮±¶ȥݵ˵ȥڴʺ뱳ıĹ֮ӵɡ
һ´ǰô˲֪ĵطҲȥ
°Ĵ裬ڸסܱߵһ죬ʱСʱ
ذؿСԺӵ⿴ֻعͷưļ򣬵˵ǻǰߣ常㽫һ°ɣ˼ŮӽЩ˯Ͳˡ
Ǹ常ưͿڣ˵ȴЩĻ
ذתͷû͵Ķ˵ɲǶһ٣ʱòŻȥҴλҲã常Ǵ׻ȥû뵽Լȷʵͦղž͸ôԶһЩˣȸ˵

ӻ˲²ˤµĵطɽ᫣ȥɽ
ץ˶Ļ죬һ־þɳѪ֮˱⣬æɽϿͷϴ˵ԼùϣΪǮ١
߷һˣһʣ˭
ǴﴫϢСսս׼٣ֻҪǮû뺦ˣɽ綼Ѿûˣ󽫾һ
סŭ߿ˣⷬ˵ǣôþܱһȺܷͽƣȥҪЦֻλû£ǳ£ѶҪոɾ
ҹʱ·µҲٳٲܳ
ǿά侲鲻ԾڸĴѲ顣
ȹ˴ԺǲѵǼõСסլһˣˮѺۼˢɾСס˭ٶţæ˵ǰһֵܵģڼңЩûˡ
һ춼û̫ģսʲôԺһѣʱ˻ɣֱ̧ڡ
ڳ港Ķʱ汻סļС˲˳
ȥ٣ùٸ֡޹أҲûʱܡ
ҪȥһѰʱʱиҴҸϹصѾҵˤϡ飬ֻҵһЩ·ɽҰ޶࣬һλ׶༪١
ŲǼæ¿ͷ
£ڱ֮ǰκ˲𣬡ڣҴ帽зͽһ򾡣ץΣ·䡣



82  82 
ӻҹһͣͱӼߣ ·뿪ʱӻ缸ܻ
˵࣬Ȳ ߴһˣ λݣ˵һЩأ û´ ذظͻʵĶӣɱ󻼡
ڱ뿪ͻʣӻ£ûȥǡ
·ľͬû뵽һ硣
ӻСΪϣ ĪҪݾߣǵв Ǳӡ
û˱˽裬
·ΪǴģ Ҳûлɡ
Ţ ºۼ ·ûʱ䣬 СĻӻ뿪
Ҫתɱ֮ʱкذصѾư뿪 ֪١
ڸѲһʱ䣬 ׼Ҵ帽˷ˣ ·ҿ̫ã̽ʱҲûµӻ
ӻʱֻڴϣŮɾס΢֣˱ۣ˵׷٣鵽֮ˣͱȥ˵ͼ죬Ҫڴڡ
ˣպ󶨻ˡ
ߣ˼һĶ֡
ϴɱ࣬ݺżҺӼҹϵһ񻯣㵽Ѿľżһ˿˳ۡ
ұ࿴ᣬ⵹ûʲô˵ġ
ӻ벻ͨҹΪʲôܱһҪ
ַ̧סǵ˿ڣԼ侲
ӻ̫˽⣬˻ѻûô鷳¡·ţԼҲҲ
Ҳӻ֣һ·ҵݸгԣǵڸǿѲߣذز򵥡
ڵСߡ
·ɻ˵ӿµٵȰ£ȥɽϽ˷ˡסǵطСǵĹٲҪϸѲǵˡ

в֪ӻǱߵϢǰȥͨӻߵ
ʺûС㣬Ҳûϵܶ°ǣڳСºֽǣһˤϼֵǧĲ豭Ҫ
裬źһĶţСҳ
ʺʲôǲ֪ƽԭ֮أӵˮϴιʱһ⧲ûϴôˣǻ׼
ݵĵͼǴУȵѾʮδܹϽЩطʺЩطʲô죬˭Ҳ֪
µıʿ½½ĳͬλһ¾ñǣضۣιǣͣЪϢ
½ѾȫӪ˵Ҳһ֣ͬ˻úá
ȵȥؾͿʼǣ޹Ĵ棬ھ޸ĸеļѶѾ;Ҳûʲôģ½ûãʩչ
Ҳȷʵ½ֵ£вܵˡ
ϵʵûȫΪսˣҽÿ춼Ҫҩֱϻ̺ۣһµġ
ҵûʲôڰǰǰһս뵢ʱ䣬ǰ̽˵ʺ춯棬ı㣬׼
Ӣ£ˣòʧһ½ʺóüƣᴦڱ̬֮⼸ñ־裬½ĳǻôϢ͵Ӫ
˵˾½˵öԣǸúۺúϢԸʺ߳½ֱԻΪȣ򽫾ϣٸͻϮϸɴ֮Ƴ
룬ȷʵԿǣǵͷ
Ƥһֱ˵̫ˣӦóʱúϢ
Īòǣ϶·Χúõģ߻ӻǰʱһοʼţûκ쳣
ӪѾȵʱҪٱսıԵıʿѹµİǶѾУ£ֻʱ⡣
ʺôӮģҲܣеĥ
Լ壬ҽȰϰǿúϢһϡ
ӪЩ˶Լʵ̫ġ
ɴ˯˴ϣҹ˾ʱȻ˹ϺɫĻŵԲ£ԼǸµòһϢ˯ȡ
ǣ󱳺ؿڵˣʹһ¡
͸ðӻָҲãյá
ӪⶼǰģżжѲߣӪǿ˽䱸ľгһϻӻǰдģһյƣ΢ĵƹ⿴š
˵Ҫؾһˣ³ԾļԺд
䣬ǰԽԽּۻۣ谮޷졣
ɻشϣͷֱۣŷؿڣžҹôȥ뷨
ƽһεͷҲǵӴ󣬾ĿŵƭŮƫƫƭȥˣһСƭӡ
ȴڵϣһҡһҡģ˫ֶͷľҲǹվ࣬Դ˾֮Ǽûôúദһʱ䡣
ʵһֱҪ㣬óΪҲͦġ
ԼһԼʲô룬ûϢ
ԼǰѾ͵͵̽ȥ̽Ϣû׼Ϣˡ
ҪջϻУӪͻȻŽüĿһźϻһͬľ룬󲽵ľǰѸٴס
߳ȥ½һ̽վӪ
½ĳľǶֵĺʱصزȥʮ٣ȻûʺǰͻϮ½ĳûʱ䣬ʱǱõ½֣⾪ű£Ӫй⣬ˣصعһˡ
ճ׵ͷ˵ްǼҪǱ޹顣
ֻǼ򵥵һ仰ԱߵĽʿĳعһأ󺰱ʥ
㲢ûйڳʿڴ߾𳤽ӵ󼻣Ӫʤ
ʱգѾӪĴڣǧ˵ӪҲڵˡӢȵܱȵģǳصӣӪ塣
Ʋ֮УӪƻֺ꣬׼ʺĽ˹ʱˣȷӦµԼѾй¶
Ҳɵ֪Ӫȫʤ֮ƣԼӹĿܼСȥշݵӪʣδѻȫ˵ڣͻȻͱһ֧|һƬ֮бץ
˻˵ĺɱһ֣ڼžҹԾ㤡
վԶջŰ¹۲е󣬵ǲиĽŹ𶯹׶ϡӪʦ첻öǱ㲻Ӫ
ӹӲӦǡ
ܴӪеĽʿǾϸѡģ˭֪ǿơ
ʱפصɱҲѾ
󼸸ʱɳȥİ̽ҴҸϻ齻˵ˣð̽ȥӪʡ
Ÿո£ûȵİ̽ͷҴҵ£²λڰǰˤ£ûˡ
һɡ



83  83 
ٽ Ĵĺ綼Ǵ̹ǵġ
֪ԼѪģڴǰǲ֪ػ Ǹ㹻θ£ Ҳڰ¼ƲߺϢΪ˽롣
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ΪŮ˸£ϵ֮һÿǵ鷳ã ܾ֮ Բ¡
ݱȾеҪʪ࣬ ̤ˮӽˮ ̹ǵķڲ˵Ķϣ ¶һ˫ӽ۾
פӪظϵӻµĵط ǿӱޣ˵Ҳû죬 ûЪϢ פص ʱ䲻졣
ʱɫ䣬µ֪ϢȴҲûΪԼƱ磬£ְԱУ³ͷ
ģǣΪЩЩɳơ
򾲵ģһ˾ǣƵ̫ӣʺˤһӵĻʵۣһж֪Լʲô
ûǷҲѹסˡ
ڳͬΥͣϲ£սϵı仯˲Ҫйעġ
Ҳûʱ֣ͷ·Ҵ壬һȺͽͻ봳иˣҹģǵʿһǱְܣͽסɽ¡
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ڻ·Ͼڴ·
۾Ѫ˿жʱΣϴֵ˺ݺݳͷȥɽ´
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˵ȥʬ׶Ҳ
ӻֱŵģ|۵ģҪһ˰ʮ죬ã˻ڵĿܣ΢΢
дգϻȥһ˲Ե޹ʾûˣҡþ֮ſڣͷ˭Ҳı顣
ǸοڵǱְдвǱ㷣ְɡ
û˵סת˷򣬼ȥڵ̤ӡǡ
ϵƽĳһ˲Ϊ׿ڳŵҹʺ֮λ£λʵûʲô顣
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ڵһǣëëϸϣˮĵطȵҪ۵ȴʲôҲû
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СլӻǰסĵطڻţԱˣȥӻԺӣյŽס
ŽȥŲһһŲߣϵĽ룬齱Ѿܾû˯
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ӻ绹û˵ϲôϲ
ȴûĵ׶˵֡
ûָܣľ˺Ѱ㣬һƬƬڵ£ʹֽŶ붯ļⷢһ඼˲ɸ߿ˤõ
ʲôֻӣΪʲôҪ
Щجج˯ʱΣһμӺסЦһ·Сģһҹˤ¼˲оѣ
ʲôȥʱ᲻¾ûϰĻʵݣܾǰһɣֻһǰǲһģ֪
ؿڵԽԽӻСһ𳤴һֱʲôϲߣһ˹ˣʬҲûҵպǻô죿
ţ£ҴķͽѾץ˵һжķ䡣
Ϊգնʾڣɱһߣ̱ʡݵ£˺󱳶һ⡣
㱧űӣͷУֽͺҪѽ߬һ
磬硣
Ļ粻ʮ꣬ΪʲôҪֿࣿҪԽԽصĺͺʾʲô˺ӷΣͻĳ
ӻֻǱ˼񵽴ؼˣҽκ²˵ˡ
ôˣôߵĵطˤܱʬǶѾͺˡ

֮ȥǼŵĻͽۿǺģϺϢ紦գƵ˲̧ͷû˸ҿ
⼸СѾĥˣ֪ݸߵĴˣˡˡǶǱƵģʲô֪
㵭ڣݹϢ˭ģ
һѱһ޺Ҳ˵ģĲ֪˭ġ
̧֣һñӽˮݺһ˦Щϣηʱһ캰صĿ
С͵ϮķͽлΪԼãûԼѾöû˯Ⱦʲô֪
Ҳˣûʲô߽ȥߴԳλߵѹ˿ʼѹ֡
ĺսη֮ظӡ
ӹеαޣݺ˦ȥֱӰһ˴ƤӲ۵÷˹ȥԱߵ˶Ŵˡ
ڱϼӶû˸ȰᱻϵϢ̫ˣµ嶼ڷ飬һĵӿ
һ£ֱӰ˴ȶһӡ۵ʹлϵѪʪӡ
һǰС죬ôˣһˣǾǵ֡
һˣһ˴ģһС챻ͬĲŵֽű䣬կе£뵽һѰˣƣǸ½կӸһЩºûйϵ
̧ͷ𣿡



84  84 
ӻΪϴǶԱɱ»򸾶һСլУ на£ǰ꣬ȳų״ʱ׼뿪
ûѾѾΪСĻʼ衣
ʲô֪ӻ׷裬뿪ʱѾܳϢˡ
ӻĿ־ڹ ֻ˵˺üجΣ ÿʱ죬 󱳷
ǰʼտ ֮ⶼϲ ˵ЩԾֹ ҩԵöˣ ĵ׾;öġ
ѡ ӻԸֱ泤һͬ̿Ͷ ҲӵĻ䡣
ʲôû һüúûţ£Ҫı䲻ѣҲûҪ ӻüζĵ׸Լ
Ҫߵϣ ڷʰʱ һûô򿪹ϻڵϣĶˤ˳һšŷɾ࣬֡
ӻ˺þòŻعⶫһֱϣΪĶ͵ġ
ⲻ֪ʱţڴߴ
дʱܺãҲµùЩʱղֶܷ汧ԹһŮΪüݣһϲÿԲںüңǵڼҵ
ӻ̿дŵĵɵЦ֮ϵЦָ߬ţװãսְסؿڣһ
ǲܵģǳһؾ͹ˣ˵ѪҺеļҳ
ֻǸͨˣס
ԣѾʮʱЩαأᱻ˷֣Щ˳λãݣСߵΡ
Щ뿪ߣӻ粻ð¶棬ֻϣܺúõġ
ֶκݶ㣬Ѫ̣ͻʣֻ|鷳ȥ䡣
߹ңԲ̣ʱʱصƲУ򿪣ⴵһᶯ
ӻκзŽУʰã׼תŵһԵԲʱһֻס죬˼ǶҪ¶ϮȫϤͫ׷Ŵ
ҼΧ|Ҵ뿪
ӻڷ׼гʱˡ
豧һɻʲôûȹһôô
峿΢΢̹ǣȥӻ̵ţȷûжʱһŽȥֻյһˡ

紵֦辣컹Ҫ䣬ӻͷЩۣ綳ѡ
۾ԼĲݶϣһɾӣԶǽ©˸
ӻŶͷ
ˣҪҪԵ㶫
ӻٿһ˺һԵ趼Цˡ
ŽأмĻԣһֻʵﵹϡ棬ҾأôµҪ
ӻ߬½ûоԼ·ɶ˿̲סĿһֱ
˯һˣϴ˵壬֪ԼǱˣ˵һĲӻĿ־̫ƴԼ侲Ҳû취ȻķӦ
ѲʲôԨԴ˵ǼأŸûңҽӴֻ㣬ôȷɱࣿӦû档߿ſζûַȥ
ӻ粻ƺҲǰԼ౻ɱ¶˵˳
ӻսͣش
㲻һ˵ƭҲԶûһ滰Ѿܹˡ
ӣҹһ㲻жҲգα׷ɱҺ常ҲҺãֳͷЦЦҺ㼱ҪɱңլӲǰա
һڱӻݣ˿ûֳŮľȡ
ӻ߬Ȧû˵ʲôھͬܿһΪ档
ǸϽ֣ⵢʱ䣬г۽ǣ˵価졣
˵ʲôӻöҪǾ䶯Ǵʲô
ߵǰ£ӻóҩƿŲ˺¿⣬ֻ̣ҩ棬ݵӻͣºЦúóԷ
ӻҡͷ˫ֳˣһϣ޺ʱ
ǰڵ룬˵һ䣺ҪǲԸԣȽι㣿
ӻ̧֣ӹϵĶһС̣ûȡ
ע£ǿ⡣
΢΢ȣ۵ҩ˻˯ʱ
ӻû˵仰ĳǰָϵζ㣬պΪŮҷ
ӻ̲סΡ
㵹Ǻ⣬Цһ£Ҽһ۱ôÿˣû뵽ôּ˵ڶΣĶߣȥý㾹󼻻ʵ۳̷ңʵҴ׵Ҳصصôʱ䣬ȥ
ӻƵĻɫ԰ףûѪɫ㣬Ҳͷҿ
赹û˵ģͷϵǸʱŲͻȻһ٣֧|˼ɫһͰڵϵͬʱѣ
Ǹŵ뿪ֻͷԶӻ籧ӻԸҲԸٸߣþƿ
軹ûܱҩƿֱߣĻճѬ˵ζ
һ֧䵽˵ıϣһʱڵأ۵þҪڵϴ
ĵһҲ֪常ҪԣѾЩ״̬ӻһԣ˵ðŨŨ̻Ǹ˴Ӻͳȥ
ű㿴ΧԱ߹֣ǿͿʼ
ҧ˶ÿľ嵲ǰ棬վڹֺ󷽵㣬濴һֿۣź󱳴常ͻȻβ鵽⣿
û˵̧ͣһһ߽
ܱߵķеŨ̹ϵˣǵץִ˵ͻˣݺӻ磬ҴɿӻҪϢҪӻ
ûӣֻ̧˵󼻻ʵۣҪɱңȷҪɱǸŮˣ
ں˵ʲôֻǺݺýȥͷܿһˣܲĽӲһ۵ðڵϣû˵оʹ˻ƵĿ
̧ͷʱѾս˻𳡡
Ѻ˷£óһö·ϣ˵һ仰常µίһ£ӳȥ˾ڣΣǿʣҼ㡣
̸Уû뵽󼻻ʵ£Ҳ󼻵ĻʵԽԽ



85  85 
ӻӻ ŨѬǣ סǺ˺ü 벻ͨ˵Ǽμ档
ǰӺݼ˵һ棬 ˵Щпԭ һ Ҳ鷿һ棬 ûȫòΪʲô˵һʣ
ϧģСͱȱҪ 裬 ֻ
С飬 Ϊ̫ã֪˵Ϣ ڿܶѾ⡣
ӻϵҩ˶ʶ״̬£ ĳҲ٣ ܵܶ ɱʱзҲ֪˭
ΪԼҪˣ ͸ŨԺһߴӰ ߿Żľͷ 
ڶߵķȣ ϤĻů ǸӰȻе㶶 ܽ ǿְȫĸо 㡣
ûеʱ䣬󲽴ӻ뿪ӻò׼㣬ͻȻеίʲôûü˵˹ȥ
Ľնһľ壬֮ǰٳȥϵѪζŨء
ˣƾɵǰƽпľ壬ѹһˡ
㲻֪ݣܴŸǰ²ۼѣ书Բ͡
еĿҲΪҪżһҪһ׽ѹŷǰ
ֻӻˡ
Щ£û뵽ӻ棬ѽڵϣֱס
ӻ翿ƽϸֱ۴¡
ɫȻȵú󣬵ûˣյ˫УС߰ʱ𲡣·ĺˤò
̧ͷ˵֮²⴫׷׷ղŵˣۡ
û˿ָڲ
С˵Ļ󣬾ͿʼԼİ̽ȫѲˣ˵ˣһ꼶ᣬһͳʱ²˾ǴӾ
ڼ䰵̽ڰв̽ǵֶβǳϰߣǴ̽ӵķ˲оԾͣ¶Ȱ¶š
ָʱԳĬ˺þãһ뷨ٶȼӿ졣
뿪ͻȻǸ۵ߴϵ£Ųһ¡
ͻʵĻҶһö£˴ǰΪ˵ԭѺھǴУһֱû鵽ݡ
Ц֪öµĿģǴܣͻʻҵ뱣סˡ
Сǣ㲻û𹥡
ĴԽԽӻŵһԵĸɾأСķ壬סʯͷһסתͷס
˿ͼ־壬ʱҪ  ߿ľ壬ûѵĻᣬѪӽ£ʹһˤأʪ|ȵѪҺڵ
ÿ¶Ա˴ȥʮ˿飬Ϊӷﲻ⣬ɱһӰ١ڳô˻øղǸߣÿ˻سǺԼȥʮ塣
ϵҶ紵ĴܣƵ̮һҳ
㷢ӻ첽ߣûϵֱӾúݼƱǴȻٰӻ˶м鵽λá
û棬ˡ
ǰŵ㱧ӻ۾ʱϵ彣ڵϣ
ʲôûнֱͣӻ籧ֱӶȥʰ֣Ҵȥ򡣡

ӻܾȣιҩ־ܳճһƬĻ𺣣һֱԺѣֻϡǵ˸ιҩӡ
ӻٴʱԼһҡҡλǰϡϸǺ񱻣㹲ޣ˫˫űסů͡
µζһ˿ã
һЩƺܾöû˯һ˯ú̧֣ܳϣĳһ˲ΪԼΡ
ҩӻЩٶۣӦڴʺΪʲôͻȻڻУ
㻺ſ۾ƽƽۣͷȥͷ׺ü£ڰӻǸŪˡ
޻˵סԼͷ
ÿͷһС˿ڣʣô˵ģ
ӻûܸԼײ
Һ˵òÿռǵͿҩܰѰȥһᣬôϣ
ӻ˶٣˲ݲԣӦͻӳĶ裬ǸûҾе죬е鷿ġ
ǰھʱûûǰָϳˣѾֵ߹һ⣬ҲûҪ㡣
ҼΪɽΣˣһᴦúϢõġ
ӻĬţ֪˵ʲôӦһ¾ΪⱲӶټ棬û뵽н졣
Ĳҵ׷ʲô𣿡
˳⣬Ҳû˻Ը¡
һƬ֪ĸ·ǳڽû¹ﵽϡ
ӻ´ˣǷԸһ룬Լ⣬ʲôҲû˵
ҴñǣĬʣÿζðգΪʲôҪδɵӣ
ֻһˡ
˵˵ҲҲ𣿡
ӻ˵ֻǵұʱ֪ͬĸ˵һ
ͷ῿°ͣڵ˵ΪӣҪȻ㶼׵ˡ
ǻ谵ģӻֻģӲʵʮûôʱᣬʱǰģûʲôմߵġ
ӻʣѾһӣģô죿
ǳĽڣ̫㣬ڷͬӻ˵öΣСֻӼҵĺӣûйϵ
ֿܣòҪȥұˣҪȻһɱҰ˺ͺӣ˵



86  86 
˵أ ӻҲóû档
һֱ һͻȻðĺӡ
ӻͣ ʻض
һѾΥԸ ԵΥ뷨Ļ ƭ㣬 Ҳٶ˵ȳ֪Ϣ Ӧֱȥ㻹£ֲ
Сߣ Ҳ㣬 ٴһ ٻȥСߣ ܻ㡣
ӻ·һֱţ Կڷһ䣺úóԣ Ҿͽ㡣
ÿγ󶼱һڣ ԲԼڱռˣԿʱ ֱͦ һֱϲ һôˣû¡
˵ǰҪֱ׵ö࣬ Ҳӽ ӻѾϰȥ ʱȴǻᱻĻŪ˼Ρ
հϲֹߣ ˼ڵ껹Ҫԣ һл͵񶼲һˣһѾ
ӻһ·ӪһȫСС
û̫ãȥ͸ϻפء
ӻǿüһҪȥ˵Ϣ㲻鲻ԸӦ£ʱȴֱֻ󣬷Ըȥиӻ۽
ӻͳĸŮ֮Ĺϵ۵ģӻ̫ӣѾϰߣԼûע⵽
ֻΪ˱αҪΣ£;ͻ˸вˣСҲ֪ʱ᲻Ầ¡
ҪǸŮҪúõϱĴοִ¡
һٰϢҲں
Ա˵಻ǼӪңӻԣõجΣǷѾ˼ѹĿֻš
ߴǸˣԶС常ʧȥӰ˭Ҳ֪ڴ
ĸ׺һ峤нʿ׳̸еĶУҹϵֶֻΪҵλС常
ǿö£Ҳԥǵ˭ǻʵۣͨˣԻи常ܣľҪɣ֤常İȫ
ⱲӶû뵽û˺ͷ
ûӻ磬·Ͱ鶼˵ӻ˺þòŷӦ
ѹǰʱӮˣͲһϡ
Դ֮Ӱεľʱ̲ߣûãЩ־ͺԶһֻЦĵ׶Ц⡣
ӻסĵطкܶأÿһǣ͵ûĵطսȫطͬΣķܲӻٳ¡
Ȼ棬ǼʹÿնŹ
Υƽ嶼ȵܾԺӻ֪㰤ʮӡ
Ӫ˶֪ûôϢƣۣҽϢĻָӼɣǰЩûҲûлɡ
ʮ˽ܵģΪ˽ӪΪʱ飬ؾӪͰˣĳЩ֮⣬ûñ֪
ʺӪսܣߺֻʤʺʤ㿪ʼֹڴ̷츳ߵ˾ÿ¡
俴飬Ӳ鱾ʺô޳СЩûֹסĽʺһãֱǲſʼЩơ
ȴûӪʮԶĵطڳЩʱȥӻ硣
ӻһСˮ˼㣬ʱι㣬иҴܽ˵ˣ»ˡ
һʳ£ȥӭ
ӻŸճ㱻ףһɲںζҲ֪ûϴ裬ϻЩ磬ӻƿʱöһ¡
ŷԼһ׺ˣȥ¡
ôҲ㣬ʲô
ӻ̧üѨҷѾȥˮò׻һˣǾȳԸúϴ衣
ǲˣ磬Ҫǲѻ˵ˣͿܲ
ӪнʱҲûһ𣬻仰˵Ѿиûˡ
ܸѧЩõĶװսΡ
֪ڲ⣬˳˵˽³ˣ֧Ԯʿȥǣûϣ˽ˣȻҪսǱ㰾Ǽ졣
¿ףǶԵľϣӻװ·ľϻȡɾӣȿؿڵıʱɫһ䣬ǰʣʲôʱܵˣ
ͷ̧ͷüңúúñ£ҪȻҲ㡣
㲻˵Ҳգҽϲ㡣
˽Ӫ˺üʱ䣬Լȥʮޡ
ӻ򴽣ۣס֣ûд󲡺󣬲ŵۣҸͿЩҩ࣬ȥ̺۵ЧܺãҶͷѾˡ
ִ·½˵ã˾˵ͿҲᰤˣ㣬ԼעЩĪЩܵҪȥˣⲻ𡣡
û˵ԼϴαűӺ۾ֻԼע⡣
ӻ̾ԲŻ᲻ͣˡշתסزĸ׵˵ʲôʱҪˣעЩǻݣб鷳
ŰɣȥԶߣʮ㣬ҵʱҲ̫Ҫô죿
㻹ûϢȥ֪Լ£᳤ӻТȥЩΣ¡
ӻԶԣô˵Ƿǵôˣ
˵ûһƲĻ˵ƸôҵģҶˡ
ϾҷԸġ
Nɪ£ûüӻ絽ﱧ£һվſڣ˵£½ˣ
üӻ̾ȥɣҪдµˣֵá
ϵϵ½͹飬ʱŻ¡
Ÿջܻʲô£
ͷ͵һڣȻڰ߳ȥ
ӻ翴߳ȥ汻׹գԽԽʢˡ
תȥʰĿףͻȻĴ򿪣˵жá
ӻǷƸ·αصԣŶ·롣
ǷеĶȥ֧𴰣һ޺ĻͻȻ΢΢һ
صҵطֵģˮ|ۣ衣



87  87 
һ컨 ֱȥ½͹
ӻеĻ⣬ ͷ ֪Ǵģޡ
΢΢ֱ̧֣ȵգ ȥӪܰ߰Ļ
ӻ仹е죬 Ҹƿ ѻ|ȥеĺľԡ
½͹ǰ Ȼ̸¡һսİѹ ھһȡʤط磬Ȼͬʱ䣬ҲǴѡ
ɵǲܣضʺأ й飬 ԴУ
ӪѾþ裬½µ뷨ǡϣҲҪʣ ˳·һ
ͲúһУ һ˿ӱл ½ǱΪ·̸ã һ·ûϡ
ȿȲ裬ˮӺ֫ů⣬Ӧ½˽ɢҥԵĻ
פӪһҪһʱλˣ緹
½͹ֻ֪ڿףعֵӪ£ûط
ȥҶǶˣ˵ʺȲ裬Ͷþֲ裬ҲЩ
½ˣ׼Ҿƶʮ갾ԺȲȤһ㣬ӹҶ󣬿ʣǾʺ̽ӣ
Щ԰Ȼʺϵ̽Ҳȷпܡ
ûв˵һܹû¡
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̧Ӧ¡϶ǰ˵ȥΪժҶֻ˳㡣
С˹˵䣬ͷ˵ͻȥ
½͹֪£ȥ
ͷ㺮䣬ԺѼܣ½ڳԺСϣпһ䣺ֵ
½Ųһ£ִԺ⣿
ѾµˣҲûҼΪСԳĶ࣬ҾǰЩӵ£ż϶ϡҽ飬Ϊ˱ǰصίŮװҽŮϴӪô죬ӦҲΪȥӣֻû˵ʲô¡
½üʣ˵λӣ
λӻ˭򣬡ƽĴӣ㶼֪ҲǱõѣΪҲãϴα¼ؿʱ˼ҩ˵ǰδ˽ӪеҩģһֱãܲӪеĻʵڿϧ
ƽ򸮵˭½Ȼ֪ʲôû˵͹̸ݺӺݵ¡
ӻʱûĹܱ£æŸҩԡԺá˺ܶˣСССС˿ѾȬϴĶ˰̣ǰغ󱳺ֱۣźˡ
ԡͰУææȥ˵ˮˣҴ
ӻûȥһˣһ밲ҩҼ˼ǷӦ̫ˣͺúϢɱϹڡ
Щ뻽գ׹սڣסԡͰ
Ϣңֺ˿ҩҩζ࣬üӹһݻظҾͰˮһҩζһӪ˿϶һǲˣǰңҲǹɵҩζ
ӻʱ˶٣Ҫһ־ӣ϶ҪڲԸ⡣
ͳȥĶ񶼸ӣܻ
һϣ˲ֺһСſϣҪ걳
ŶҲӻСܿ˿ڣű˵պþУˡսΣķ֪˵ҲһܱܵùԼеüǵСΪϣʱңҲȷʵ㣬ԲȥһʺŽ͵Ϯô죿
֪ϲңҲϲ㣬ʱҲұ֤϶ûʱ䣬쳤ԱϵСùԣ߳Ա˵Ҳ֪ʳ࣬ݴʷϲ£ʵҵˣʳϵһЩ˹ȥӡ
ӻ֪мƻģû˵ʲô
㰴ٹ¾СˣС£ҪٲȥС߿ܶϵ

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½ܾǰ̫Ӻӹϵõܴһӣǻ֮ǹϵҲûô䡣
ֻСǴһ죬Ժʱ⣬˶ˬй֪ضˬ켫ˡ
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Ƥ񣬿ģЦֺǣԼ˻úϲεεġ
ջصӪ½ȥ£ھֱ˵¿ӣ
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ȻӻģƤӵ°ݲôãԼбûɹ
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˼ȷӻܱѡ
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ڻλƾȥҲΪ˳͢룬㲻ö룬һңᱳѣݱ̬Ҳȷ¬ģĻ
㻰˵Ưʱӻսе㲻ʹˡ
鷳ûʲô
½ΪأһʱԼܶˣһ
֣Ǻõģͬ˲һ



88  88 
ӻԼլбߵû֪ ΪѾĵĴȥ ҲûĳС
յϢ ֻӷʧҲҲټ
С߼гţ˭Ҳܲˣ ͻС ˵ģ ʲôҲġ
磬 ӳС ڣίͰͣŷ۾ҪȥĸΪϺʵްø棬 ȥ鷿ҳ
鷿ĸţ ְС߷£΢½ǣСһסӣһ۾
ǱϢ
һ£ ¬棬 ƺʲôϢ
̾ ӻϴţ ˵Ҫǰһֱߣָ֪ųȥʱﻹЩˡ
˭Ҳû뵽
ӻ̻ʱʧˡﻹõǵڵϣӻ粻˵ǵӣܻԵ޹ʴ뿪Сʱ岻Уûʲô򣬸Լʧ
˳ʲô
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û˵Ҳʲô·ͷǣСߣ˲ڣǰ߿Լ̨ףʵϲȥԸſס̨ױ˽æǰȥס
СӣЩˤˡ
ֱȥĵ·ϻҳС߾Ŷ棬¶˵Ҫĸ档
⡭ʹȥС߻СҲ̫ӻӣĸĸ
鷿ε֦ͭ¯յ͸͸Բ׿ɿĻ졣ƺ޹һΣ¬һԺȲ裬С߽һ
С߻СֻԼԼоﲻԾֻȥСȥҳѴӷõĶ
һᣬӲᣬһ仰Ҳ˵
û뵽׷ͺڷˣӼҸҲӻ䡣
СԲ۾ãȻһ¬һ̶̵ֿСȥ
¬£Գ˵һһֱһ磬С£µǰӼҲҡ
νӼҲңҲݲң¬ͳĹϵãƽҲţҲʲô
ûҵӻ磬׶༪١
Ĵ㡣
ʼӻˣû뵽ӻϣӻȳ׷裬Ҳһ
Ĩûĺۼӻİȳ£û£Ҳûɵϡ
ס۾ñ˿޵󣬵˭֪ѹ
΢Ƶ¬磬ٵȵȰɣٵһʱ䣬һô죿Ҫǻͼӣöµûţ
Ѿ˺ö죬ʼһ˿ãϣ鵽ϢԽԽѾҪŲȥˡ
ǸĸףӻΨһŮ̥ġ
Ե޹ʲӰУ˭ܲסӻ⻹Ǹĺӣʲôûʼܵȴȱ˶̫ࡣ
¬һֱǷƽĶ飬ӼĹ֪ƽôӻһ͸ǱģþЩ¡
ΣݶȱһĹǣȱ˾ҡ
ƽλò˭ͬΪһӣұƵöࡣ
ȳһֳǱһȰǶµģ֪ģֻǲܣ㿪Щûг£ʧλᣬ¬̾˵˶Ϊھǣ֪ʲô£һȥǽӼҵ˻һԭƻС
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ԽԽ˺ѷΰ㣬ӻ£һ㶼롣
Ŀֻܰһ
Сߴģʲôֻ֪ӻһֱûԴһ󣬳һ͵͵ᡣ
ôˣҲʲô˵ֻǿѿЦ档

ӻʵڶǸ˵ݳʳĶ򣬿ٽӻǱûҪ
㲻׼뿪ϴˤͻΣѾŵĵʱֲʵΣһΣû١
ʱרź˵ܼķΧ֮ڡ
ӻ˫ûӦҲûܾ
ӪͶǴûôϾʱӻдţӻҲзִ磬ÿдŶֻ򵥵ƽºἰ
ϲţÿһⶼúñϻУһⶼûҪ˿գдĶó¡
öҵһΣҲսľϻУÿγʱڻӻĶƽһ
˽ԮӪȲϣֻܿȡ
ѾйüʤľŶʮͷܶ˶޳һӢ۳ꡣ
㴦ҲǰҪԲö࣬ûϳԹҲûΪŰɱǷ²дСǰʺʱѾд忪ʼרд˵
ӻԺеϢ˭С·ͻϮж˱ʺƵ±ˣץ˶ٷ²ȵȣÿһսľ
ǰĴϵԱ˵ĴһףϤٶҲȺҽ֮ײ֮ص˶٣˺һŴӦ
ӻͼû뿪ŮһûӪӪ󷽵һСΪ˵Ľʿβ
Ƕ֮ǼĻҲֻ࣬˶⣬̫æˡ
ս֣ζӻ˷˿ʱݵ뵽ǰȥͻʽӴѪ£ԼߣֻٶȱҪЩЩΪҽߣҪˡ
żᳯϿдһλϿôˣһĻǶƺÿڹꡣ
ˡ
ǽٿһۣǶȷʵֻڹ꣬ûͷûβʲô壿
˵ֻ뵽Ӫ޼᲻ݣûʲô˼߰ɡ
ӪΣְȫڵĺ󷽣ȫġ
ӻСʱ򲡵̫ãѧҽ츳Աߴɳ̾ӻܵס˿䣬ֵÿģʱҲ̲סЦһЦ
ʺǻ£˼Ԯûܵס㣬ƿ֮ʱ˳ȥȡʺ׼ˣƴ롣
ѾоһȷʵӾǣݣٵڶݣû˸ٵ͹
칦ӻûȥŮӣ칦ľϯӶ࣬涼һЩ绰ĲںӣȾƣȥҲȥ
ӻ籾ڴʤ̵ĵڶһˣûسɣסˣסɵǺЦҲ֪μʲô
̾ʱȳҹʱʣܲҸС͵͵һ档
ѾС㲻ϣôҲüһ
Ǻãûʵ֡
¶Ǻû죬һϢ㿪ʼ
ȵ۶ʺͳɱƽ



89  89 
ƽϢʱ ʵûţ ȵ۶Ӽҵĳ谮Σ˶
ӺݴԽԽ ȴʱѾ˶ʱ䡣
ӻһ֪ ʱ˯
ã˵Լ㡣
徻¹һѩ ߴһŰף΢΢͸ ȼů¯
Ű˯ִڱϺ˯ӻڴߣ ַŽ
ͻȻ۾ְѽ򿪣 ȥ
㾯ĸߣ Ÿջûã ʱᵽһɵѪǱ˵ġ
ӻεˣ ûʲô
졣ȥ֣ ߣ ӻֻ
ͷţ §סƺ˯ᡣ
ӻ̾һڴȵۺ͸׵£ϢӺݴӦ˴ģ֪ڵ״ʲôӡ
Ϣģö֪ܴĺûᣬ˭Ź
һ٣ͷͷ˵½ң㲻õġ
ƽȵֲ֮С£ٶݵӰܴݻηӺݣģԺһְ㡣
ʵڵʵҲҪݳ֣Ҫȥݳϡ
ӻΪѵģͬҲ޽⣬£ӾǻصݣΪס֣ʿѪԣܸߣ᲻䣬֪
ֱţûԼı飬Сͬ㣬ǷֿɣڿݣҸûȥһˣԺԵټ
ʴ£ְͷ˯˵Щòһ죬˷ѵʱ䡣
ӻ֪⣬΢΢ʹ˵ϲ㣬ҲĸףظףеĶҶѿԽ˺ܶ࣬վ㣬ֿҾöԲĸ
þã˵ǵһΡ
ͻȻѹ˫ֳͷߣӻһ
˵ƽµҰģΪʲôδγƴһ
ӻſڵҡ
۾ɫǳҵģȴɫҪ棬ΪҲ䣬ʺƽʱҲ꣬Ҳֹ֪й⿲һֱᣬҲㆪ£һ㸸ûһһ꣬ҲȥҪȻҴȡ
ӻ߬ϲÿ˵ʱжǸ˵ġ
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Ī˵ҼʲôҶдϡ
ͻȻ뵽ʲôͣ
ӻԼعæ˵öԣĸӾܺ˵㻵ƢҴ㣬ˡ
۾ӻˡ
յůѾڴϣӳѩס
ϸʱ䣬һҲǲԣͷϻ£֪ĵ֪Ϣ϶˱Ⱥͳڲʺ·ͼıӺݵǰºȥƽһΪ
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ӻЩˣⲻ̫ðɡ
ҪֱӴȥ͸ĸһ»ɨسţϾڶû̫
ʲôãԼģúõţҪȥݣҵǰЩ׼´ľԴ£û˵Լһ㶼ûû֪ýҲͻȻȥһЩƺ£ȽϿ졣
ӻԼС죬һ仰ҾûǱˣ治̫ã˵˵ġ
ǲУ˵óţۣȥͱȥһ롣
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ü˵ҪңҾͰ㱧ϣһȥӪǰϹĿ㵽˭ˡ
ӻǺ仰˵
òɫɴҲڲסһʣȥӪ˱βʱвŶӳƲΪ˿ϳһ٣û˸ٷ
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ӻ绹֪ԼʲôΪжżȻıʿҲô룬֪Ƕ˵Ĺϵ񶼵΢
ڵֻܰͳȥڼеķӲŭ
˵ҶǣΪĲʺʲôҲµõû뵽ԼܰݴЩǴ⡣
йƽԽԽݣѾȥԼھӪݣõĴǴû£ӼҲûӦ
ƽһ˴ӻ磬ƽʮĹѣ˶ۺܸߣΪΪƽѾ̫
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֮󣬱㲻ǴǰǸ̫ӣûԹʲộֺ䣬˶ЩϵΪʵ˵ղ
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ӼгӣѾࡣ
￩һ£ٶȶӿĻָˮ
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ӻĻģԲҪĳЩϲ£ӻҲܾ
ھӪãȥ顣
ûȥӻ磬ȥӺݸ
һֱھͻȻʱûж˼ȥ£һ飬ӣԼ˼ϮӺݽ硣
һӣڼǰͻ͵ϮУиƴӵʬ屳˻ȥܵһͨ
ǸˣΪıεС֪ʲôԽԽΣΪһν㽫ԼŮŮа̲Ըޣûǿһˡ
йȢ۵һҡ
ӰյĻӼһл񶼵Ļ˾ٷӰҲһĻͻӪʣһöҩס󣬾ҲûϢ
ʱ䶼ѾȥҲ˸ˣû뵽ټӰյһ졣



90  90 
ҹɫ΢ʱ ݶѩ߽ ϴ̣ һλܳĸ
ǰȥݴ̽ϢؼزòҶŲԼˣ ĪøһȣֲҫʾԼͬŵĲͬ
λõʵٺ»ͣ Ҫܣ ÿ±ûʣ¡
ɬ ÿδӾӪʱҪһ
Ҫ˼ż䣬 ¥֮ʱһ٣ɫ䡣ҵվ̨֮ϣ ϴ˵Ҫ
֣鷳 תҪ뿪ʱֱס˶٣ ԼҪǲȥˣ ߲ݡ
ģ ٽ ûؼҵ˶Ѿȥ类ż䣬ʱ˲ѡ
㣿
ںȲ裬̧ͷ¶Ӳʵףν⼸󣬲֪λСȪ¿ŰԼ˷ɻڴԼ游ټӾθܣ
ȥƨҲᵨӴ󵽴ǣʹǰͻѾµĽ֣֮ҲѾڵصףδɹ衣
㿪żɽ⣬绹֪ǸմݵĻʵۣסʣʲô
νʹ˭Ҳ޷˾ʿΪ°£㣬ҲͶЧ͡
һҲ֪ҪжõκϢ
еĲ豭⻰ʱҲûʲôվˣұ㲻ٶ˵֪νһֱϧԶһ䣬СһЩϾҲϲ˵ӡ
żսţ˭ҲӺѾϣÿս˶Ҫʡ
粻֪ôسŵȥʣǵҪʲô
ô᣿ȻֻɣڱҷңȻ㲻£Ҳȥ֪㲻ӣѾ˹˵Լϡ
һСڵλãҰеģΪֻƬε˫ָе£ҧû
ӰھӪһֱޱȣܴû˵սɳʱв꣬˵ϢʱϧһӢۡ
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ŵɹΪүǲɹҲɰݣͽǧݺԺ䣬ŮС˸һˣΣ㶼иƶְ𣬲ؿɫ¡
˵ЩȷʵĶƶǵȨ
̬ʼ˵ȷʵˣƬ̵˼죬ҽˣҪһԼ档
ûͷӦ¡
ߺͻȻ˵ֱܻܿӽϢͱúø٣˭ӴҪȥӴˣǾͰɱˡ
ϱһֱԼӵֻŻΡͶ׼ȥȥǶͻ
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ֻǾи÷áڴͻʣ㻹ڴ̵϶ֽţҲܲܳɹպһš
ظ·أӵ棬ǸӲ㶯˼ȴֽӴսһλá
һСʱͻȻֺһţȥһˣܾܿ˻ܣᣬۼ⿴Ͽӡǣõնӣ֮ͣȥѱʧص
Ѿǰ·ûʲô̷ڰ̯ؼҵ˴ͷϷ·ϵȶˣѱɿڴ
ΪλˣͷͿŮϱӻ
ĵһˣʲôûü˵ͱ˾ϰһǸ磬ҲЩܻ䡣
źúõģôƫͳˣϱҲ֪ļûûܶ
ѾϰЩֻ߬һʲôû˵̣ٸ˴о֣һˣһؼҡ
ڰиؼҺݺ˴ǽ͵͵ڰ

ڻĻӼѪıĺӣ
շת࣬޲ھͻȥһӻ磬Ӻݸùߡ
סڿջҹû˯ţӻһ̫ãԳӡҲ̣ǺʺûżҲңȴصӡ
û˱ӼҪܳ衣
ͷͷײǽ˾óС֣üӴȥһͷ
֪Լӻ壬ֲ֪´ȥ
ӻڶɽһ࣬κοܶСΪ̫ȥɽּûֱӱһŸȰˡ
ʱǰ죬ѵʱѾˣͣͣһһŸûãҲ鲻ô졣
ӻ˽䱸ĸߣûô߽ģϲֻǿȣӲҪӼҵѪöί
һҹû˯ȵڶ˵ʱš
ӻ粻һǸи飬ɻ̥ʮĺӣԿ϶һ
ȣϥϣס۾һֱߡ
δڲҲ֪Ǻӵô£ӻģͱǲйüβŻϵģ
ͻȻͷݺݶڵϣӾ͸ûȥ¡
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һ߻ץİѱлѹı˺ܾò뵽ջ̸С
ѹܵͣΪԼĻǵȴû˵ģֻǽͷݲôģ¸ʹѾٰǾͲ˼ˣûҪⵢʱ䣬ѡҲ㡣
ڿջС죬ͬ˰㡣ҰǴģҪ̫ܣ֮£õǾҪöࡣ



91  91 
ӻǰͲصӣ ӻ˵պ֮⡣
Ӻһ¼ã Զʺ
Ѿִ㣬 ʤԽ֪࣬˾Խ࣬ҲʺϺֱͬӶϡ
ҪĲֹ£ġ
öµӣ ǷֵԽãԥԽ
˭ʥˣ ҰĵĶ֪
ӵѲ˸ϵ 鱩|¶Сϵô˵Ҳ ʵӲģ ӲֻܾˣֻҪǰڷӺãǾͲǻ塣
ΪӻǾһȥĸææ⣬ Ӻݻ֮ȥ˾ӪѸ÷Ը¶Ը
½ֳ겻Ϣ˶̲סȥȰһ䣬´Ӻݸ· ҪȻϢ岻ֵá
ȥӻ磬ǣ ֻ Ұ꣬ Ѿ˶ס ҲɵӦþܷӦƣԼȳ֡
ƽϢڴúܹ㣬ԼԼûκһظ
ƽ꣬㲻꣬˾ҪʣҲʲͷϡ
ֻͬطһǱߵĽʿͰռƽڳδǰݲжӪӲһܿùľӣҪҵʿ
½˽Ĵ㣬ؾǡ
ӪеĽʿѾδһ꣬˶ЩˣܿˣһиҪ㡣
Ӫʸѩ½ܣû˿µ˵޷
ʣӵæʱʲôܾķӦ
½һ£û뵽ʱµˣͬӻΪʲôЭ飬û˽⣬ûϵӻ硣
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ӾӪϻլʱѾӻǰϢһֱſڵ
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ͣ׸Աһѽӻ籧ڻ
ӻܵԵѹ֣׷ʲô£̧رסһ䣺ôˣ
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ĵͳûӻǰ̫ãӻΪھӪ֮ʲôҲû׷ʣڳԷʱвˣ˵ϰҽĸָԼڶǶʱսӴʵսǳĹ͡
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ҧһΡ

Ĳֿɣ˲ʱ䡣
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ĿǰӪʿǣʱֱԵڳ˽·ȴݷʱӪƥ֣ʱд˼ƣ°빦ү˼
ñҪǱȰ
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￩һ£㳯һޣܾ˻ſǰܡ
ϵҲûţĻ뿪
һߣˣһͬ·ܵɽϡ
ӻϴѾһʧأͬʻܵߵͷĿѣû˵Ż˼ؿڷϵĵĸ
ŶķŴأڳȥ
ˡѴ
ʱģض֪Щʱ·ǵˣһҪصĿġ
ӻֽ߬סڣҪ˵ʱָŻ˺üҧס˵˵ȫȥ𣡡
ٴοڣ˵ԹﰲȫΪȣ´ҪǱµķԸ
ӻߵܣſڰϲ˳ٴ֮ͣʱ¬
ϵóģ֪Ҫλݣͣȥ¬
ӻأƿᣣɫҰ׵¬壬ǰ˲࣬ȥ
¬һǰ
ǹȥʱѾˣֳѪһƬ˲ˣʬ׶ѾҵûӰ



92  92 
 ̹ǣӻ¬֮ض£ϵļ
ӻе㶶 ¬ԣҡҡͷС
ַסأ ߴӵջ΢ʣ¬壬𣿡
ѩҵӡ Ѿ봺Щطѩˣ  ¬޷ף ˵ûҵˣ  Ȼȥĸ뼫ˡ
ӻ¶棬Ҳϵֻ֪ӼھǣӼҲǰȥǽ
͸½󴵽ӻð亹  ϡ
¬֪Ƕ˹ϵ ӵϢʱֱӵڵϣ û˽ӻ£⼸һֱݸ¬ڳԾҴдŸ
ɫãȻȰһ䣺ĸʱһֱڿޣ֪䣬ΪûˣȥһˣҲ㣬߽ңûҵ˱Ǻ£뿪
ӻ߾ͺ죬˵ʲôҪЩˡ
㣬δһͳµĻʵۣ֮˿ǿԼ侲δǸʵۣǰԲǿӲ
⸽һƬ˲ˣЩƥڵϣѪȾѩأߡ
¬壬ΪҲų£ӻ㾡ҵ
㣬һа취ӳ
һСŴ̿͵ļص¬ǰɫԥ¬һӻֱ߬·Ҳϵá
ļ
ӻٿˣǰ֪ǵ䣬ֹҪûݺݡ
ݱ߾ʱҲ¬Ϣ˷ִȥݺӪ᳹׵жԡ
¬±ߣȥ鼸Ⱥ·죬߳һ˰ӻͻغ
ӻ֮У˫߬½󣬺ԵǹɵܣĵһҪúõģѾܹ̫ˡ
ӻ˫ֱȣҧסԼ£Բᡣ
ͱ˲һһǵӵġ
ӵ¬ʱþöûӦϲС߿˰ӣ˸ӣⱨӦ
С¶ͷһ֣Ϊָ㡣
ûݻ·ŵȺӻŵĻȥԵȺСͻСܲ˷纮ֱ
¬ǲסСڣ
ʱѾ߹ҵһƬĸŴ򿪡
ӻεģ߽ʿû˼˼͵ЩӸȥӻ紽ɫ΢ףЩۿ΢죬ȵ
æ̨ȥӻ粻ģЦһ£ĸףδɺã
Ǵμһֱߣȥǹµ۵ʱӻѾдû
Ӳᣬ쳣˵á
ӻ粻֪£Щ⣬׳ڵô£ҲûʵûʣӻۿʪϿ޹
󣬴½ǣӻеҲ̫߷ĸףǻȥ˵
ֿЦûӻ쳣ӻһظ˵ĸ֪Ҫ˼ˣѾóȲˣһ·۳Ͷ٣֪۳ʲô˵Ҿ֪ţȻݣҶ쵣ˡ
ӻ̨ʱŲͻȻһ£ǰڣǰ·ʶҲʼģӲԾǰ㡣
쳣ȥס
ӻһҡ˵û£еۡ
·һֱ㣬ͷ۵
ʣ
ӻҡҡͷʲô⣬ȥӻͻȻһΣ˹ȥ

ҹ˾һСׯһٽصéУŵƣ˵棬Ƕ˵òᣬϰ˶ΧŻȡů
ڴϣ˫ַԺ󣬿ͷϾɵʶ
ӱ˿һѪ̫࣬˾˻
ɱб㵨Ӵֶκݣʱη壬ǵطԴƣɴװУʣܣЩ̿ΪҪӣ׷ϣһʣ
ȻǾͱϷ򸾼ˣʼᡣ
Ϻǰƺƽ򣬼ǰ˴·ϤɫˣΪİˣ㿴˳ֱӸϷ򸾣ǻ˻Ӹ·Ī׷ɱ
Ϻɣü⣬ӻһ𳤴󣬲͸¶ӼǺѵѶϢϺŰŰɣȥǰ˵·
㱾˻ȥͨһŵ϶ˣ滹ûҲ֪òҪ
ӻ絣ֻһϾͻȥ
һϸ˸Ƕÿ˶ů壬ֵ㴲ǰ˺ٺȡ
һȵϺҲ߽ҡ
ۼҪֱȥ
ݴȻǾأ˵λ˻죬ż
ݣƽúܹ㣬Сطĸǽ֮ΪΪܺӼǺѣȻ򵥡
ȱǵİмӣģϷ򸾿ʼҪ˵ǽ޷ѣҪĻҲס˾
߿ϺǸңڵл˼ѣҲ˶ҵĶ
ϺǴϴˣǱƢ⻰ȴҲû
ҷŵߣһԣ˵ս˶ƾϽҴǲмˣҩ̫񽫾õģҩҲɢˣéƾɣҲЩҩŸˡ
йɵҩ㣬ҲɹҩļӣŤŤϽȽŲ㣬˺ܾ
ü
л֮˺˵ĶҪȥ
ҩҪˣûˣϽҡͷ˵˵Ů⣬Ǳ˷֣ӡ
ⴵķ죬ķûǰ󣬵ҪЩ
УΪ˵˲ô֣Žɫأֻ֪ˣʧӡ
ϲκ֮߳ɫϽֻӸû̸£֪Ϊʲôǣ
㱻͹ʱ˵˲ֹһθƽٽǿǰʱķӦҲѲ¡
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Ͻҡҡͷ˵õȷʵݾӪϴ·Ҳݣмϵɫ·ΪⲻҪԼŪϵġ¬ξϸ񣬴Ҫϸ
¬ǰŵõӻϢ˼Ҳ֪˲ֵ࣬ŵĸʱֱʣһд㡣
ǵĳң㻺˵֮ûͱ뿪ܸҿЩ˵ҩ
һŵĿԺܴ󣬵Ҳȷʵ϶ӻӼӣ˾㵨ٴҲ֡
ŮݣģΣգġ
ϽڵϣȻֱߣЦһ䣺ȥϱҵǹӻǧ𣿽Ӧм˰ɣ
漰ӻҪ֣֣֪ϴʲô
㻹ǰʧ侲ֻδΪһŮǴĸӣʱлϥ£ַǷ
Ĳȼò󣬻ոպȡůݶһ©˷磬Ҫů͡
ӸǺӵǲӻĻһҪӻĸ
éݲΧڻԵҲõ˵ʲô˵Ҫĸʱһ乬ӶûС
Ͻ㶣Ϊĺ;ˣǸλصҼңװǰ̥ҩΪҷˣ챿Ҫ黳
ͻȻһ۾͵ضס
ɳȥǺİûϢҲֻ֪Ӽиĺӡ
࿴һۣû뵽ǰ̥ҩģһΣûôټϡ
ƳɫӲڣ˵ʲôҩ
Ͻʣ֪˭͵ģް㵹òŵġ



93  93 
һ̻˭ɱ һ̾װ̥ҩֱӾˡ
̫ͻȻ޷
ݲ̽İûعϢ ֪ȥˡ
СӻΪԼˣ ͬ˽Ѷ÷񣬸οǱ޲ðԼϣ Ķȥ
ع ͻȻʼתÿ죬ͻǰӻ粻ϳҪⶫ
뾩ǰδԣʱͻУ ӻ˭ģԶ
Ȼ˱˵ĺô죿
Ͻ֪ʲô ϵĵͳѹ ֪вá
ɫܵڵܰѸղҩʰһݸңսЪϢãµЩȥ
ҩǻˣ Ҳ潫õģϴҡͷ˵ Ҳؼҩ ٻµģ ɫ ˣòҪҶ
Ϻ֪ôȰԼȥüﱸõޱȴջһҹ
ס˼ңϻˣҲֻǵģڻȦײģҲƤҪȻ˽ǡ
һ˫Ůӳ̣Ůȥڴ壬мûéݲ󣬵Ҳˡ
˯ţҹʱ߹ϣ¹ѩأԽȴԽӿ죬ǻ᲻Ȼðһָо̥ҩĻǼٵģ᲻ǴʹǴˣ
ֻһ⺢Ӳأһֻô죿
ӻӦѾصӸ뷨ҲԼԷֹһΣҰʲôģ
㼱öֱӱӸȥӻ磬ڶɽ굽ʲôǼ٣׺ûйϵ
һⶼòش𣬼žҹֻзںХͻȻһЩϸ΢춯йɵսζ洫
ԱߵĽɫ䣬۴ЬȥԱԷ򸾣ӺӣԺְ˵ҡѡ
߻Ѿʼȼ׷ˡ
ǽϺҲͷμ̣ûߣǼҴȥԼصҽ顣
éݱխûһ
ϴǺֻܰҽ㻳æ˵һҽռĹ±ҽ飬ǴߣⲻԶǺɽǱӶ࣬ץѣǸϽǱ߰ɣûҪùǡ
ҲǷݵİգֱУϴһ˱ϸˣ𳡣һȥаֵܹʮˡ
̧ýס˱ˣְѽϴƸԱһǴɽӡ
žĴˣеĽɱ˺󣬵ֱ뿪Ⱥ˹׷
ĸѪҽ鶼մȾѪ
ܵһɽָͻȻ쳣ǰ˸¶ˣ
֮ͣܡ
¹ˮӰʫ黭ĳڴʱΪܿºۼĵطֳߣͷв㱡
һǸղȳһ۵ģϴҩûʲôֹЧ
û׷ǰͻȻһƥʹ˻ľסԼΣ˻㼯ͷʣˣ
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Ⱥ˺͸ղڶĴ̿ͲһһҪɱһҪ׽Σٱй¶
΢۾뵽硣ǽ֣ӸǺô£ûǷ˸١
Ⱥ˿ҪѵʱǰѷĽҲƣͻȻ֮䣬´ŵ˻æô죿¬ˣ
һ٣ݵĽ¬ߣӻھǶƽƹϱĹ
û̫Ķ΢Ų۲·ϵѩͻȻ˿㰵á
˲ǣ˿ڣ˷쳣յֱֱֱۡ

ڶ峿߸¶һ˿ǰףӻۡ
ߣһҹû˯ȥ߽д
ӻƣģͺõͻȻһָͷҩһæµ
С˯ԱСС|ۣëŨֳڶߣȥһۣСʡ
ûůӻĺȴ˺ȳΪԼĹȡ
æסӣе㷢գ˱ˮϴ衣
͵ĳǰסʣĸף¬Ϣ𣿡
һ٣ӻĶӣɵǱϢ˵ûҵ
ӻ米ͷſ
һֱΣ֮УԼʶأӻ˫գĶ֪ǲϲ㣬ĸ׻СߣõģҲѺݸֻС߼С߿ˡ
Ҳԥ㣬㸸⣬иü̳УС߲Ϊףһ棬׼ҲС
ӻû뵽ȻӦ£ЩûӦĸôˣ
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߬Щţĸףҡ
û£ۿ΢ᣬӲᣬúõľУĸײٹ㡣
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ĨᣬԼȶ˵㵱ǱûϢôҶҲڼÿģʲô£ںһЩ
ӻ£Լ㴫Ϣһ٣Ȼ뵽ǰķӦƺôżӼҵѰһһܶݵ¡
ʲôûϢˡ
дĸ׵ˣӻսҽΪĸԲҡ
ȥӻͷ㲻ڵЩ˺ܶ࣬ÿζ۾̣㲻ǱˣŮҲǰ㡣
ӻƽΨһŮѾΪȹ̫
ֻƽĽܶ࣬żôЩ֣¬ֶΣҲðͷ
ӻ˺þãعƬ̣ʣĸ׵˼ǣ
ûү֪ӣۿ죬㲻̫㸸ףҶһЩһҪƯ㸸׻ڣʮֳģժժҲҪ㣬æҲСС;Ͷµ㱾ǺĵճŮЩҲ˵
ӻ˼߶ϳ͸ڿˡ
ʲôʲôɣһ£С



94  94 
˳ƽϣ мӡ
ȴôõЩ˸ǰƽ
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Σյ뷨ڳĵðΡҪȥƽ ҲԸģҲ˽˻ӼҼ Ѫܶϡ
Ѿʧȥɷ򣬲ʧȥŮ
ƽеĽᣬ ʹ˹ţ ʱµĴһֱ֪ӻ±ʱιһΣϢãã ֻ綼ûһ
ӻ粻֪ǰʱյ뷨ֻ̧֣ȥᰴס֣ ˲䣬 ˵ĸײõң û£ »һüã˶ܡдֻΪӣԵ£ĸҲòǿ󡣡
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ҪߡС߻˿˿ãûٶ˵ӻﻹǵģ󣬵ܾ³⡣
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ӻ绺˺һǿųһЦ˵û£ЪЪ

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С˵Ӷ˯һֱۣպԺҲá
ա
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谵ɫҪ˯סĹСſϣѾԱ˯ţӻѾ˯ˣڷû˯⣬ˣϰ˵£ÿζܳŹĵǳΪʵ
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ҹྲɫڣƲСӻجΣεѪܵӣٿؾͱѣð亹ָֹסڲڴķȰС߶ˡ
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ӻ㶣ס˲СӦһ
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ҪȥʱһӣˣȻһ䣬ʣʲô磬㲻ϵر˯
ֱƿȥ˯СߣС߱סӻ磬ӻҲ§ס⺢ӡ
ˣôҪ㣿䣬С͸Լ˯ϰʮ㡣
ӻع۾ͻȻһᣬӿͣĪƲסһ㣬ôҪˣ
һ٣ѱӷ֪Լˡ
ģ¬ҲҪ춯ʱ͵ˡ
ӻ޵ίһֱڵ㡣
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ӻ޹֮ЦԼɵɵΪĵڡ
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ſǻܾ˼ԡ
ţָСʣҪΪҷ



95  95 
ʲôӣ ӻ˽ⲻ ΨҶ Щǰò׳Щһû䡣
ƽǸˣҲƢ û£Լɵɵôã ־û˵Ը
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ӻ˯
ڴҡ򣬡ʲôʱģΪʲôң
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˿һ˯ţ͵͵㡣ַŻرŶ˯£ȥӻ磬миӣʵڰ¡
ӻĬ˺һʣ㲻˺ӵĴ𣿡
ӸղŵڣһЩҪ뿪⣬ûʲô֣ƺһ㶼ȡ
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Ǽӻ磬ΪԼҲͲƫǸ
ӻȴһ㶣ղſôĵΪ¬˵ġ
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ӵĮӶ࣬ȵߺûûټ֮ɫС߶ûȻûʲô顣
Ψһң⺢ӻġ
Ụסӻ磬һҲɱǸ˺ͺӡ
Сգտӻ翪³念Ҳõĸײؾ
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㻹ӵĻ˵ӻˣֻ§סĶӣСˣ˯λá

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СѾûСʱСޣʶ㣬ֳϣҪԼ´
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С߻ǸС˵˵̬һֱʹǰû仯˵ǳ
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㱳ڴϣһ仰Ҳ˵߽߳һ
ӻǿһĺѵҩ
㵹ûΥڴϵԼޣʲô£
ȼů¯ůͣȴ֧С͸磬ӻڴߣ⿪ϵһȦȦ⿪ײҩʱ§
ûа׼һ²С˿ڣҶ
ü˵Ұҩϡ
⺢ӿ޿䣬ûҵ緶ʲôԽԽ
Ӳʵʯͷһƫƫֻȵˡ
ӻ絥סţ޻˵Լӽʲôֻûʱģô֪㵱緶ʲôҪ治Ǿɿ֣һҩ
㲻鲻Ըɿ֣ӻҩ
˿ڱСѹһ£ȾЩӻĶᣬʣ˭Ҫ֣鵽𣿡
Ӻݺݵ˶УϮһڶ£ЩҪɱңұȥһéݣڶ˷ŻƳҪ׽ҡҺ¬ǰֹһεӦӺݣڶݵĳλ֪˭һйᣬֻԼֱ˼
ܻ׽㣬ٶ˵ݣݺݵսһᱬ˴žͻû¬Ȩ
֮Żȥһ˵ֶΣǾ˵ʥϣֱݺӺݶϡ
ǰƲߣߴžݽԼľһȺϺꡣ
ӻմˮ⻬ָۣҩ˵ҲǣΪԵҲЩ¬ţ㲻õġ
¬ǰغݣúûţֵţݱû˻
ӻֶ˶٣̧ͷһּۣ϶˵ôˣ
ҾһͺˣԺؾͷΪ̫ӡ
ӻƤûڵˣڿС



96  96 
ʲôӦ ӻû ˿ںҪȥ֣סڣʣô죿
ӻһ٣֪Ժûʲôо ǰûϥлӡ
㲻Ҳĸڱ˺ܶ࣬ܳ躢ӣڵСӶѣӸ𡣡
ûǸ˼ æͣ δ̫ͻȻˣһ³Ϊӵ㶼û͸ڷ硣
ӻԼ֣ʪӲ˲˵ˣ Ҳ㣬 ˴λܣӼڻؾ·ϣ Ż С߻̳ҵλã ̫֮λ Ǹ˰ɡ
һֱϣСߺǣ̫֮λǣϵأһ
֪кŮӸܱڻʹããֵһ
ϲɽˮҲɱųһ¶Ԥϡ
㿴ıӰҲĥһ˼
ȣϥǣͷڵ˼ƺúӸҡ
Χ¶ȱȸղŵ˼֡
ӻΪϤҲûĵͳ£ֻȲɾ֣Ӵϣش߰·ϵϵãĸףΪҵĺüµһûˡ
˵ָϸףҲ˱֪꣬յĵģһԹղŵĻ⣬ֹǰ㲻㣬õϢΣ
ӻ·ǿʶͬ˵˻ָúãöϢȥ㿴࣬ٻ
ºæֻҪ֪ƽУ
ݰô꣬춯С¡ӻֻ̽һλ档
Ѿ͸¶Сߵݣٽ֪Ҳû˵̫ࡣ
ӻŷѪ̣ȥںʣʱң
㣬صڳ⣬̸Ȣһ磬಻ɱ¶һһżܺһѾܸˡ
¡
뿪ıӰסΧ֪ʲô
ӻڸҪ侲ܶ࣬ûм޸뷨ϲԼ£ǵĸǣ̫ࡣ
ֻǸͨˣŲµĶʼǷŲ£ȷʵ˺ܶࡣ
ӻ紲ϰϢʱȥһ˳
пΪСʱĴС̬ȵģӻһͬҲû̫֮ɫ۵ֻӻ磬ӻʲôԣ㣬ϲˡ
С߰棬·ϿûãͱųĲƿЦϲЩֵĶ
ӻǰڳġ
źС˺ŮȥӻţľԲϰ෹СߵĵӱȱҪһЩιԶ
㿴СĶʱ¶֣ӻһۣӻվԱߣԼ۵ġ
΢ͷֵסͣߵ˵ҺĶ֮һôø棿
ӻ治ɫһţһ㣬ϲ˵֡
£ֱֱͦ塣
ǣüͷ͸ߴ󣬴Сţܶ˶ӻ˵򲻹ܵ۸Ҳˡ
ӻκµĻѾڣȻᷴڣֻӻһ䣺Ҹɼİš
ӻҡͷаȫòš´˴ǰ˳̸ɱһ£¬˵ݻͽҲĸ׺¬Ҫţһˡ
ǶһۣҲ˵ģ°ɣȳԶ˵
ӻס֣һ£ᰴһȻʢ
֪ţʢʱʵ¡
ӻ˶ϻβסá
ֻĸˣǿڷͳ̸졣
ӻʢףͻȻ˶٣¿ϥڿȣһ
ֹ֣һ
ٷԵðС;Ī˸ӣɫһĳȥ⣬С
СҲ֪Լ˵ˣֻӻ֡
ƽΪսݰճݣӼھǣ󲿷ֵĽ¬żҲôλ˼¬ʮֲӸֱ̫ǻְϷġ
ӻ粻̫Щǰųûãݱһ˾ϣݵĽЩûġ
鷿֮أӻ˰ҩˣȥҩó̸̸
Сƽصޱ棬ڷϿ˺ܾãһصˡ
ǰ¬ߵıʿΪְܻ߱ǣսΪүһ¬̫츮ְ֮ȥһСǡҲʮСŪɫԼҲһѱ¬ĽÿؼǼ档ϴμưո֮ˡ
ͷ˵¬ǰ棬һصġ
Ļ˵֮ͣһ£۳£ͷ񣬳£֪ڸʲô
ϴ䣬һΪϲ磬ֻĵģ㱳ֱͦãǳδһͷĵڶ游ΪʹԵ֮Ҳοƽδɵ£һɣ޹ֻҡ
Ѿܾûʵ۵£Ĭ˺þãڵŮʲôȻñ˴񡣡
ʱ䲻̫չ˺ͺӣĵдŸңҲԼһ¿ദͷĸףԸ£ǲȶҲ͵ߣҶỤȫ
ԭأ֪ʲô
ӻʱѾͳ̸껰뿪һˣڿӡ
С߶ſޱϣ
СһûӮӻͻȻͿ㲻֪ӻں棬СƤԶԣҲ˵Ĳ㶼Ӧˣôܷڣ
С߱߿ޱߺ˲ԾͷͿӻһ˦ŵԣ˵˲ޣ
ӻû˵ʲôҩŵֱߵԲϣԼȡ
㻹ٽͣüһۣˡ
Сǰ˫ϥϣʣߴӦ𣿡
СίͰ͵ͷ
ӻóӣᣬ˵öԣܿޡ
ϸϵﶼ͵ģ֪ԼƫòͬˣصҺöʹŸͳȥ
Աߣűһۣȴ̲סЦЦһȫҺֵʸУЩǻزǵö̺ӽеҪϴˣĸԺ͵ҵġ

ݵì㲻֣˴ɱݽء
ϴҪ׽˶һȺ̣Ծٶȿ죬ûץһˡ
ӷף۾СϸǸˣҶǷδȷϣ֤ȫ١
̽в̽ʱϢ࣬鲻ڲ
¬ʹ¼ƣΪ⡣
Ȼؽһ˿Ӧֻͷɵؤȥ̽
¬ؤȥʣδʳ㵱ıץΡ
΢΢ü˶˵¬ֶΡ
¬·֪룬ֵĩȴӦΪүݣʲôֶΣҪ
ݵϢ˳ȥͬ£ƽǷйҲ˲²⣬ܺµ֣ǼС
ӼδӦһֱû¡
˻ΪݴʱѾ뿪صӪ
½͹ȼλĸӭ̧ͣͷŲԶӪʼˡ
Ӧǡ
˺󲻾ãݱ߾ѲӪʿӺһνϮʧһλ¸صϽӪӺݵս£Ҳ



97  97 
ӻУ αȴǰ̫࣬Ŀǰûʲô̫Ӧ
뿪Ӹ Ѿȥ£СѾ࣬ ˯
Ѿʼʦѧ֣谮Ҳûɵһζ簮
ڵҹǴգ ˡӻ˯СҴý ַŽУ ḧ ̾һ
ʱֲȣ¬·ϼļƻҲã ڳ·վЪϢӻ岻ʡ
ĵӸ Ӹ͸׼̳кλ£ һͶʮ ʱøࡣ
ȶݾģǱδʤʱ òҪҶںݽսʱõʱʱδκս£ ڲһ ¶ÿǽ
޺СиСȦ ɷƽϲĸ֣ ̵ģСߵ
ƺԳΪһ׻̫ӦʱСߵ˭
ӻѾĸУѾеǽǰִ̧һϻüѾ𿪹ţڷٿһ顣
ЩĻģżͨսʱҲ˵ܶĻҪȥսͷͬһ档
ϴβ֪ĵ֪࣬ţһдһհףдҪ׺ͻȻͺˡ
һǸ
Ī߳ܣûĻֻǰպãԼңװֹѪҩ
о飬ս䲻⣬䲻Ӻǡ
ڶ࣬Ӧʼˣסǣֳи֮ʣһʱķžʵСǡ
ͻǱҲң˵ӻ粻׷ʲôҲµõ˳˳ȥ
Ȼǵ֮ӻѾ̫࣬Ѫαװ޺ģºͬ˽ѣմѪ˭С˵ϲӣӻȴûŹϲ
һؿţ·ܿ˾ǰԹ˯òãҲһʱʧЦЦ֮󣬱ڰϣǰʱʲô
һû䣬սڣʣ˳ʱǵЩսۣӼݵݣʺսʤսʤ̾
˺վһһ飬λãչǲܣܰңĿġ
󲻶ֻ࣬ܺúõģҪǰôصˡ

Ӻݵع㣬ִ֮࣬δζ׼Ӫʧڶ̶ʧȥʮǣʵȫ
ӻԣп˸ĶǺϢ
ͻʼǰͻϮӺݱ߾ϵʮСпԭıս㣬ˣԵһ
ʮ֮꣬ɣŶƣ绯괺㣬ءıʿ࣬ΪǰͶһ֮
ҹеĺľɴȼ𣬴͸ĹżȻܼӰ߶ϸ˴һֻӬҲɲ
ɫ΢䣬λĸıŹڵϻ㱨ս
νͶµۣǲ鵽м֮תƣڲ֪ȥӪ˿춯²ҪʼǱǶ֣¬ɱ߾սξ½ʿʮ˵ã߾ѹ֣ɶж³Ͻǰȥأվ֮ϣնɱǵĽʿ
Сӵֶζ࣬Ҳó棬ǰ͸ӺСô˾Ҷ̫񾹻ݵ¬ʵš
Ӻݵ˵ģ˵ӰɣҪµ£ܾˣ֮־֣˳Ӱмһ·鵽ӪӰվȻǵʵۡ
˵ľٶֵΣϵ¼ƣҪ㵽ݱ߾ٰɱݺݵìܣضȨܳûϽӪ
δ㾹ȥݰݷãǽƾͼƣȥ·ϵĶͼأɵ˶Ǿȫϣ䲻
Ը£öҩ¶ٳ㲻֮ӪӺݣȶ֣³ˣսԺĺӺݴҲǶ֡
ӰݶԸⱩ¶Ĺ׼Ķ֣ͬʱҲڱ߾֮׼ݣ֪ػģһֻΪɾ衣
⹥Ӫرսʿûʱ˱ֱӺݣ׼£һǡ
Ա߾һսʧӰ٣ϸ̽ȥģһ·Ʋӣ粻ǡ
˶ǰȥϮӪˣðӪӺԼ֮û뵽ѱ䡣
һһʼ˴⣬װʧȥǧ˺ǡ
һλıͻȻڣ˵үϳиðյķ֪Ƿɹ
Ǹı˵ǱǶ񽭣֮ļǱΪնϱ֣ܲ񽭿϶ӪϹڽǵôڽϣдɣҲȲ
ӺƳɱڻʱŨ̹ˣֻ̨ǴڶԸͻϡ
˼Ƭ̣Ӫб뽻ݺϾˮԼã갲ǱٲǵĹͣҲһǴڻһõ
ƶˣ˼ȥ±˴롣
ָü°ͻȻ˵ϴȥݣΪ˻һŮӣŮݿɲ鵽ˣ
ڳ˶ҡҡͷһֱأû˲鵽
˳˵ӼиӣµλӹϵãǹӺӵĸףսΣŮӦûʲôô
룬ҲȷǣͷȷʵǻᱻǣģǱˡ
ʱͻȻ˳ԣΪգµϹ˵µ۵ӪһֱڸĽƺЩӡ
һÿһԡ
Ⱥıʿʶ֮ʿֳķڣӺݣڲŶʮǡ

񽭲ϢʱʱںӪһڽ鹥Ǳǵİ취
üóˣϴζɽʱЩ߾;ǰһ
½ֵЩ´˻мʮ꣬ˣҲһµġ
ˣҲԸּٶȥͻʣͻȻһߵ磬ڵ񽭿ܶȣ
紩һ£̺ۣϴα߾ս㲢ûʧ̫ˣȺӪ·ģӺݵʿ
ǳɱй¶٣ֶιݣӭκͽǵĲͼġһ飬͵û֡
֪ԼЩıʿǰǲģضְ֮
ԴûʲôʾӻûˣԼҲ˲ͼЩ£ǵڸҲû˼
˵˵ڴ֮ΪļǼˮ֮ˣ˲ȥ񽭣ҲǰȥĿġ
㿴ŰϵĲͼ˵Ǽ˼˳⣬յǧΪǿ̽׼ʱ࣬⽫ͬӦ䣬˴̽ǱǱǷб䣬֮
ʹ͵˲ͼЩطûв֪óȻ£ӣһ̽
½ȥ񽭣ߺһȥ񽭣
ͷ˲ţ¶սãȻСõңˣǰɼλҲˡ
ֽҪӻдšÿδӻ綼ᵣģ֪ÿζǰдźʺӵ£ϲӡ
ӿ˸£ÿ¸дʱСߣҲ˵˵ĺͺһĿһֱһ
Ǳǣ⺢ӦþͿ֪кŮСܲС֮СˣԵа˸һѾӻ磬ܲ
˳СƣͬдõŽʹ
ӪʿѲ֮ݵïʢڵɳĳ̨У׹ľϡ
һңӻģﰵöأżյӻʱصرԹһôţҪˣʵԼдű˭ڿ졣
ΪĹԼԼԾûʡ
߼лıʿλжϽӭս¬¬ò˲ӡ
񽭣˴£һжô⣬ս٣ļϣ˲֪١
ӻӵϢʱѾǰºëë꣬ʪŮסȥС͵ġ
С߶Զ鲻ģȥ֪ȥ
ϲһЩصĶ۰Ͱ͵صսϵСߣʱǰƴСľʱǿ̵ϸµСܲˡ
иðҴұܼȥӻϵϵ·Ӫˣסʣ½дŹ𣿡
Ӫ˼ӻ磬֪ǰŮ򣬺ϵ׽˵Ѿʧ£׶༪٣¬ȥ֧Ԯ򳤹
ӻѪͻȻӣһʳˤڵϣԲĸ̨ס
Ůæס
ӻסӣ



98  98 
֮ǰ
＾ʱҶ׷ɣ Ǳ̨⼸춼ûôϢɫ𽥰
һŲסǷ ԱߵͬļСĵ㡣
ǸոճԹ ˺̫кü˶ӣֻʣˡ
Ǹ۾С˵ǶѾ˿ˣͷô۶Ѿ͸ˣ £
ȷʵѾطվ˿£ ĽӴѲȣ ͬʱسǵע˵ȣ ÷Ź̨񽭱棬ס̨ ԷϮ
ƽϵɳͬص˵û ըٵսûʲôˣ ۽ʱ ˶ĿڣӪӦϣ ˵Ҳȷʵǣⶼˣ ôţ Ҳ̫񻰣 ˡ
ϴλ˵սȷʵϾɵģ Ҳûˣˮļ廵֪ôģҲߣҲû㵽ڲ档
һ̨˵ҲͷùЩڽźĵܵ˵ǺбĴ㡣
ǸͬҲ̸ܿûˣϵĳ|ǹһԣ˵ӪҲȷʵЩ˧ʧô죬ǾȻδκλҡҲĽѹٳûжҲҳ֣Ͼ˧ˣôҲǴʿ£¬Ǳƺ֪ϢƫƫǵĽΪš
˵ͻǱߺҲƽˣȴӪԺ󻹵Ӧͻǰ˸ģ̾ϢҲ֪ôģνȥϮӪ
ߵĲνҲв֪ƴʬ忸͵ϮӪ´ҶΪȥģҲû˸ҷ˵
һİ˽֪ôģ
Ǽٿһعͷȥ˭˵ʱ˻ûüгԴ˵ء
Ǹûŵˤڵأ̧ͷһߴˣյĽڵѪԱ߻мɱͬ顣
ǰѽסӣڵִס̩ƽ㣬ܵܡڸһĻᣬȥسǵĺ˵Ӫ߱սǰȥ
ִŵֶڷͬѪָ䣬ִȫڷӦ㡣
վһĴֲ£ߴֱͦһųª󲻿Ե˸롣
ִ˵ǡ
ѻصӪ֮УΥʥʵΪ˵ˣսһҲ˹㡣
ɣȴһ
㿴Ǹƨܣ΢΢ҡҡͷֻͷúߵȥڣҪǼԻӵٻ
ű˵̨ڵǰóԼڳаҵͼֽǷسǵĺһΧסαһֽ룬ȥ˽Ѳ鶫ɽ´˱ɢ׶Ը
Ǽ˻֮ͷóõĳߣ̧ڣŲ˶εľʱ˺ŲԼߣһԣóеĻӣ׼ţпڡ
죬쳾Ǳ𾪷ʲôѾõսʻ|ΣŴ顣
ͬʱǱǺոսӵСͨ˵ӪҪţӣʱɽǰСˣӱǰ񽭸
ɵϵʱ˴ҴǰȣϽżнӪʿ͹
ɫ䡣
Ͷ䣬ʵϳǽ뿪ĺ֣ҡͷ˵Ѽƻ͸©ȥˣôǲţ
Ǳǰǰ˲ʱ䣬ЧԤڻҪáǰ½Լ÷ɸ봫ţǱ͸̽õĽ㣬ֶ⼸ں棬ûѰˣڽҵͼֽ
ǱǻصӪҪӻдţпգҪջȥһˡ
ݵĲνɫæ£Ӫĵ¬һ֧Ԯݡ
Ųһ٣̧ͷҲ˵²ݳ𣿡
ǱЩ룬¬ԸɱǺãòšҪǹҲ֪ӻ绹źӣġ
ǲνæ𣺡½½˵ΪǱˣǲҪӪʿ;أֻһӪ飬¬ƺΪѣѾ˵ǰ
ɫͻȻ䣬

ӻ类˵Ļû·ݣӾͿʼˣŮææݡ
ţһϼ̽ȥˣڶϲܻӻϢϹȥ˸Ͻȥ뼸Ż
ӻסӺΪʱסĵط෴ҲҪһЩԺﱸҩŮҩ
ƮԽԽˮ£δ죬Ůҩ
ӻ޺ϣڣһ̵ֻͷǺ˳Ľëմ飬ϸųɫҰ
ᰴסֻ֣˸λãæԱڷԸŮ׼ĲţôˣôͻȻҪˣ
︹̥Щ̫˵ټ죬һɾĴֲӻУ۹ͷҧˣЩڶȵһκúܶࡣ
ӻֽ߬ס·ؿھţһŮڳ߰ӻԭ˵۾
ʧһģԺĸΪȥ̽𼱣ӸҪ̫࣬ȰѺ
ûãʱӻ󱳶Ѿ͸һСʱܵײûл̫ʱ䣬СڵҲͬûʲô
ӻҧסдֲ۵ͣͬܣһ޵ĸоеŴŵ䣬Ϊ۵ãæû£һ̾͹ȥ
һ˲䶼޲ðƤƽѹ˽ⲻ
ӻͷḧӻ˵ޣĸأҪ£С߻ѧϣ⺢Ӿʹ㣬ʲôĸڣҪ¡
ӻӺһʱգ֪񽭵ļӴˮ¶ûϢû
ƲסԼᣬһֱڿޣȰס˴û˸ЩԵġ
ӻСǶµģ˲ģ¶֪ˣֱƢ˳ѵ˼١
󲻶࣬벻ΪԼҲپЩѪȷӻֻϣܺúõģ꣬ܵˣҪ¸̺ۣû뵽СС󶼱ס
ӻһ̥Ǻģϵҹ٣ӶûأЩѲסűӶ˺¹ĲڴĴߡ
ˮͣػѪζ𽥼أôҪģʱŸϽӻȥϡ
ߵͣˣǳͻȻһӰسǵ֣Ƚӵӽʱ˳ţ·ϵˮͻȻٲµ㽦ˮ
ＱתһŮ˵ӵƵǹƥţסֲֻٿȻµ˭
ӻʶѾģ߬סҲʵڳŲȥæѴֲߡ
һ˫סֱ֣һź֮䣬ӻڽ֡
Щֲʵͻþ㲻ֱͣ˵Ҫ¡
ӻҧŴԼҧסһֱ֣ӻһ˿žϲ˵ˣλǧ𡣡
ȴŵøܲźӣӻ˹ȥģﻪ翴
ӻʱЩʶȥǰϺʵ֡



99  99 
ӻתʱѾǵڶɴɢ谵 𹳹סʣ ̲㱻죬 ˯棬Сͷ
ҹ·죬 ۾ûչӻ Ҳһҹڴ齱ߣ۾ͨ졣
 뵽ӻΪ£˴ȥԡϢ㲻ߣֻ̡
С߻֪ӻôˣ ôӻ綼ѣ Ҳе֣ 㲻ߣԼҲߣ ֻøСӣ߽˯
ûԣ Ҳû˵ģ ۾Ѫ˿ ڵӦһҲûʲô
Աߵּӻˣ ʱһϲ æȥѳй ԵҲϡ
ٿʶͷƤĪʹһ£ע⣬æӻôˡ
ӻ翴βģ̲סЦһ£㼸ûˣ綼Ҫҵ֣û£ֻеۡ
ͷһĶͷС߶˸ãСУеСѪأȱȥûʲô¡
ӻͷû¾ͺá
СߴӵܵӻǰСſڴϣίͰ˵ҽþã㶼ûҡ
ӻ̧̾ȥСߵѧô
СսС͡
ģʮָۣ˵ôСѧʲô
Щƣۣ԰׵͸ںڳͷϣӻ˵Сѧʶ֣ôˣ𣿡
Ҳû£㵣ص㣬û뵽˴ңԺ˵㲻Ҫٵҡ
ӻЦ˵û£ְ̧˳˳ͷһ֪Сġ˵߶ĵ׶˺ö໰ҪԶԷ˵
ոҪڣʱҴææӸŮһڴͷһſڴϣʱͷۣһûԶˣԵ㡣

ӻǼ£ʱʱ̶̿ţûжĻᣬӻҪʱ㾭ϳݡ
ܽӻһ𣬵ҲʵûϰĴڡ
ÿζżȥ̨ϳԣ뵢ӻһʱ䡣
ϰϰˣ䡣
С⼸һǿһ˲˵
ϵƢԼȥϵĸ㣬Ҳֻ̧ͷһۣʲôҲ˵
ſϣµ㣬ҧ춼ǣ̵һ䣺ôҵã
ûϵ˸͵ˮȡ
㲻ϲ𣿡
ϲ
㲻ϲϲ𣿡
ͷһۣϲҲϲңϲࡣ
С߿㣬ûӻ˵ϲߡ
߳С߿ȥȣˣӶͣ˵˵Ҫ㡣
ͷϵҪ̨ʱͻȻ˵Ѿ·ϵ󼸸£ӺݣǱ߱㲻жҲز
˶ٽŲӦ˵֪ˡ
ӻ˷磬ѪŨŮǱڴ齸Ӻӣż´ƿӻڱϢҲû˵ʲôֻס֣ϴ
ԽԽúӲҪ
ӻ֪ذסˡû̾һ䣺һģôֱӲҪˣǰˣ
뱧Լ̫˵޴С
ıһϸߣͷϸĲУᵽϵѪ˵ιȥʱˣ磬ҳ赽ģʱܹΪңҲ롣
ӾӪͣظϻһֱʲôϢҪû뵽ˡ
һΪûκ֪ͨͻȻǰȥڶγ£Ϊ
ΪŶֶѡ
ӻĲӸܵһɲѰ̧ȥͷ㷢ˡ
û£뿪㡣
һֱúܺãǼԼǵŭʱǻӣƽ
ӻ΢΢𣬷ϣ㣬ƺǺںԼ壬ںģۣ̣ҵģȥҩϢ
һֻҪˣٶֶΣٶҲν
һд鲻Ըͱǿƺӻֿ
㲻ߣӻʣЦúúҩԺл˵
ͷǳɫ͸أӲʣ֮ȴ߶䣺Ҳ˺ҩЩ
ӻŮճʱ岻̫ãλһ󣬺Ҳת
Ϊգӻ缸ûմսɷʱиãô࿴죬ȥҶа
ûţ¬ȡϵַ֮ԸӪʿǴȥλ̽̽ǱߵϢ¡
õķãӻ˵һЩأʱѾ
ŮУС߶úܺ棬ܰڽſҡﰲ˯Ӥÿѧþ͹ˣҡԱߵС˯˯ñ˭졣
ɫ䰵С߻ûʹǷӻȴȥ˯һִȥ˯˳ư౱ӻ籧סŮι̡
СŮڳܹ֣ȡСౣǳ˰žģҲʹˣرϲСС˵˰ĸ
౴ӻ˵ȡʱһҲû˵ʲôСѾӼգ֪౵ĳΪף
ճûõĺСС廹Щ壬ҲССһȸʱѾҪһЩӻͻȻﻹû
С̰ԣȲҲ㣬磬ֻûôޡӻ米Χ½ڸ첲ԣ¶Բؿڣ׵̲
϶ǰ粻װؿڵ|ΡΡֶղסװ˭ܿŮҲӼ˴˺ü£ڻûݡ
ӻ籧źӣں˵ЩʲôʱͻȻ߸O@Ķ
һ٣ɫؿ֣ûвȿһ˵ҲԱˣȴȥϢ
ӦȥᱧҪ˯ŵĺӣ£ӻ˵⼸תעЩ
˵ͷӲؿ|ˮٰԼ·ãú˯
С˯ûã౻СҲ˯һƽˡͷɫ֦ϵĻҶѾʼ䡣
С˯ź־ͰŻҡУ˳ȥӻϢĵƸյûãԲϻŰʣµҩ
ֻ߰С߷
ӻ֪ˡ
У˫ȥϵӣñÿģӺˣԺҸʱУϷĸײ̫㡣
ӻ绰û˵꣬һֻͻȻסϵ·
̧ͷǿ½Ū㶫ָϣǼ⡣
ӻʱˣ߬½ʣʲô
ڴߣЩֵҾζеϤᵽʱͺ棬ǰǲŵ



100  100 
ʲô˵ʲôŵͳû죬 ָֻ
ں˵ʲô ӻɻشϣ סӣ˫£· סѩ׵ؿڣղŷŵĶ
ȥɽǻأ Ͼڴߣ ʱӦǸºӣҲǺ˵ûʲôһҼǵ
ӻɵϣ ⱲӶҪ֪Լȹ
ϴȥݣ ƽӵݸӪ ؿ͵صյ µ缷һ룬ŵϣ ˭֪ǰ ôӲ˵ жֱӺȡ
¶ ÷κ
ʣ㲻˵лҪ𣿡
ӻһ٣ ΢΢ſ 뵽ʲôעӣ
ҡûʲô˵ģˡӻͷֵӣ˵ᳰЦһ
ͷڹӣҲûʡ
һֱڴ£ණͻȻ˵ÿÿ£Զңϸ룬ֻ߲õѡ񡣡
ܺͱ˲һûйʧҲټ
ײΪ̾㣬ҲԶߣͱ˲һսǶϷŮߣ˻㲻񻰡
Ҽ㣬ôᵣıЩϴұ׷ɱʱǼ±ҽ㶼ˣϴ׷ƽ˵ǴģϰЩҽڼԼ⣬ʱգػзɾͣҵרҽߣ˭˵
ӻ类ҭһѹֹһúϰҽԭִ㣬ת˵ӪʶңӺ֮Ӽӻͻٴߣױ˷ܡ
ֱӵʱ˵ϴˣ˸һɣ˵͵ˣʲôûѧ
һ£ûѧҲȷʵϾﻹкӣ̫ۡ
ӻᰴһüͷû취
òҽ仰ʺ
ⷽҲȤ·ϵļҴҽϣǼǲ䣬һֱϾʱ࣬ϰҽʱҲ࣬ӻҪϰ֮Ҳȱ츳ܶϴ򶼳Ϲ
ǿ췭ˣд棬ҽģҲ֪Сʶҩ࣬гʱǵ˿϶⡣
ӣԼʵֱͬ棬УӲۣڱ𴦣ûһţĲġ
Ͳˣӻˣ׵Ĳţĸ׵ģúù̡ܽ
û꣬ͻȻһ£©һġ
ӻ̧ӣСʣҪʲô
ҽӵϢ˵ͻķͣҲǱߵ־Ѿƽ㿴ϸµӻ͸Ų԰ף˵游ͻ֣֮ҴӦĸһضҪ׽ֵǰ׸ϴԩ
ӻеָ΢΢ֻʣҪҶսͻʣ
һȥûбߣҪ£һ㡣
ӻͷܿʲôᣬֻ㣬Ӫбץֻ棬ôߡ
ѾץһΣ֪֮
㽫ڻԼӲʵţӻһ㶣ͷֳ˳ӣס÷紵
κȴǰҪһЩûʲôˡ
ӻ˶٣ḧСݱɱǴΣС˿ˡǼҽ鶼մѪģÿÿܣֻ޲Լɣһ¾κ˿ڡ
˵磬ߣñ㣬ûãпܷ𣿡
ȷʵ̫ܣ㣬Ǳˡ
ӻ§סľǺϢʱĸоͺס࣬޷˼ʱʲôҲҪˣΨһͷԼˣǲǾܼ
һδй־飬ֻҪǼһᣬںͲںģһжԵô΢Сֻ̼ͻʧ
ӻѾһΣ⼸ҲʲôԼδźǺһǡ
Ҫһ𣬲Ƕݵߣ볤õĺһ
ӻƭԼϲ޷뿪ϲ
ʵˣµ嶼ڲ
ܲ뷨һ§ˣһô꣬һ֪ģд󳼿ţκ˵˵ãЩĵϹԱκβסҰҪӺսЩһú㡣
ӻ̧ͷҧסӦһҲ㡣
ͷһͷƽû£һɣ齻ҾУ㲻þࡣ
ӻ翿Щҡ
һ޹أҿסˣպҲǴ󼻵Ļʺðٳ¡
žҹ٣ӻոûãҲʲôֻ§סһֱ
ӻΪӼѾ̫ȵ´ĺѣҲһ鷳
ס½󣬺طղѹԼţ|ˮմʪһС·
һûӻ硣
̧֣˳ζԽϤ
ӻûʾôˣ΢ʣӸղųԱҪʣµģҿ԰æоеϴκȹţ顣
ӻٿغ쵽ӣסؿڣ־Լڲסȥ죬׵˵߰Ļ

˵Ǵ󵨣ӻֲ
Ҳ֪ĸˣ֮ͲӻιӣƫƫÿճԵǲҩֻæ
Ҳȡ֣ʼѧŸ࣬ӻ˰ʱ̲סüģܽĵط
౵𣬵ίʵûаŮģһ׳ǳỤ̊û˵ʲô
ӻҲã̶̰ת˲ţҪ뿪죬ӻź멣źǰȥʱһ
˵һȢ㡣
ӻۿͷ
ſڵȺ򣬿ѵӶ˱СߺҲ֪ҪȥΣյĵطͷ˵һ·ƽ
ӻͳһѹ⻬СľߣŵСС
˵տ
ֿӻ磬ͷȥ
ӻԶԶͿͷΣӿ˳
γ;
ӻڸϢδζþգ˵ˡÿŶ˵Լû£ע塣
۵ͷԽԽ죬ֶθߣ䲻ʱƣԼаҪͻʰ֣Ҫһնϵ
ӻ˵Ϊ;費ǵ֮ӺݵĻᣬ𣬱ǲ׵ġ
սϢ䣬ʱգʱƽֶһֱ˵ãӭж꣬ԱҪḻ
һѴӲ̣ķûǿ־֧ţͱ̲
Զηһɱüıԣʹþãһ̡
սܵϢʱѾǴ



101  101 
һھû̫̫ӣ Ѵ󼻵£ ˿ʱ䡣
ǰˣ ҲûõȥӪǰָӵսصġ
ͻǱ߸ոհӵǻ֮㹥Ӻݣ ֪ΪʲôͻȻá
࣬ûӹˡ
ߵʿȤڲ Ъ˼Ĵ̽ҵĽˣ ЩԸΪãѡٵѪ֮ Ծ
鱻ȥ Щ˱ӪвŰֱѱñӿͷϡ
Ҳξսϸһֱûʲô⣬ ҪȻҲ浽ժ
ֻǺ˶Դ±Űɡ
ס𽥺ݻ֮ ¾Ʋɵ ֱͻĺ·նϣ һΧ һС
¬ʤ оʤƽ
ʤ㡣
ʤ̺ûãӼӲδӢŵϢҲ֮
ӻһಡ֪
ݵ֪ȥΪȵ۵䣬µ۵ǻ;·;ңԶȾ纮βʱʼ󲡡
Ҫʱزܸ·;еһ࣬ûȥҶӻϥиӣҲο
ӻԳֶŮݾסӸ˵óԼһ硣
Ǹӣڸ£ûüһ౵֣Ϊӡ
㲢ǺںӸ˭գһֱں۹⣬ֻҪӻľС
ǸСˣ۾ӻ񣬵㣬С߶۸޹ʱԲ۾лãȻ֮ɫ֪ԼСڿʲô
ӾǵĳӻصʱٰնУƽ磬ӻҲν첻ˡ
ӼĴᦣСŮҲ˲ײǷ˼ˣ£Щ
ɫܺãﳤգļȣ糿ӻڿջԶԶԼʱĳлһ˿ĸо
뿪֮ԱߵʣҪظ
ӻִ̧ñᡣ׵߰ 
һؾ|Ķִ͸¶ļ|ѩ𪡣ϷһﶼӻסѾ뿪ܣ֮ӻϷ˺úϢ
Ϸû뵽˸ŮСŮģССʱһܰ˱ϲ硣
ӻδοþЦ౳֮С߾Σ󣬺ܶʱȴСʶҲģΪҪºá
մӾ¥Ϳſ˵ڵϳ鴤°ĭ˲λΧ๫˿ͷ޺˾
¥ϰſھ˶ߣСȥ򣬴ȰŲ˵
ӻȹż΢üԴϰҽϾЩСӻ簴סʩ룬ûһŵ˷ӦСûղӦҡ
Χ۵·̽ͷ̽Դ̧֣ͷԱ߸˵ⲡÿ¾ҪҩƺѾСδ
Ǹ˿޵ҽȥҩҩ󣬲Ը⡣
ӻ˶٣֧ЩǮԷ򸾡
ûǮͳһİϤӻ˶·߸˵λˣЩɢ¸βɡ
ͷƤٿһ¡
óԷ򸾣վӻԱߣ󲻷˭Ƴݵˡ
ӻô⣿λȵۼݱ֮Ͳ֪ȥˡ
Ϊӣûôûа˼⼸һֱӰǱӣʵʾǲϲٳ
Ǹ˿޿ؿͷлλ֮
ӻ˵û£ǮˣҲǣͬ⸾˽ʱҩ߿
·ߵ˿һ뿪ؿӻҪߣæǰĳͷһݣԴ˵زϤĵ־·ˣΪ֮־죬һ¹﷼λҲá
ӻһܾãӽҲģغûŮװ磬ϲпԭ
ھҪִ̳ҪǴ򷭣ָӻ粻
ᰴñᡣס׾ӣܹأһֱͷţסηⶼ˳
ֱСߺȣ߾¥½½ָƽסϲ徻빫ӲҪš
ҲûգЦҼҹƣ뽻ѣðдĳǰҪȥӼңΪѣͻȻұӼһˣû뵽·ϵһӸںδ
һʶͷһӻ磬ҡͷӳС·б¡
۾úõģõǵĽͣԭأ̧ԼⳤھҲһôͱܿ
ӻ粻ôģ첽뿪ھǺش򽻵ʱ򲻶࣬Ѷ㲻ϣҪǱϳҲһ׮鷳¡
ںǰƢʱһǰû֪첻
űܿغò׶ĶоֱӾͱؾҲơҲǺķŵӣת뿪Ǹ˼׷һӡ
ӻû߼·ں溰ӿ첽ӣô£Ϊսû˸ͻ飬Ůˣ
׷ˡ
ӻ粽һ٣˫ͷȥûĶ
ͻȻʣӼҵģѹҾö졣
ӻ̧ͷ⽿Ҳϵ㡣
һͣӹսǣͻȻ֣Աȥ㡣ҵȲˣʵڵȲˣ߳ε˵
ĺһ˫౧бǽϣҪʲô
Դɨɾӻû㣬ҲûϸӸ˵мƣӲûнãӼҲûʲôݣ˵мãҲǳֶŮ
ӻһûҲûϣֻ㵽˭
ģִʲôϸĥţȴתݺеˡ
ֵͻأʿһͬ󣬳δһһӣʵڿϧһ档ͬҵɢյûãҲȥӸ·ͷ·
ƵͻȻ˳̧ͷ㣬һӻعͷɫһ䣬طһȻعֹסӡ
ô⣿ȻʵͻȻ˶٣뵽ӻĹϵ̾Ϣһ岻ãҲԤϣڰ˳䡣
ҽڰڰûʲô˵ģϷɩӣƺͦϵվֱͷŰӻ飬ֱӻ翴ö졣
ɫ䡣
ӻҧҧСܵߣ˫ֱסֱۣôͻȻˣ
ѾþûϨһŭϨһ㡣
ֱӰᱧӻ类ҲãŪ㡣
Ǿ仰ֻõӻץ·ù|ȣִ֪ѧĴֱ֮ԡ



102  102 
ձȾҪȺܶ࣬ ӻŵ ˿ ϾͿʼŪ·ûʲôüģȴ²ϱ
صʱ Ҳûŵأһ·ķ䡣
⼸춼ڳ ֺϷ˿ţ ϷвסСߺ౵Լ衣
ӻ类ŻԼϣ᲻ ȥ˱ˮԡ
ıӰ ʼе£̲סЦ˳ʵѾܾû棬ҪôԵıֶĺøУ ڶĽΡ
ͿӻЬڴϣסϸ˫ȣ°Ϳϥϣ ֱʣԴˣ
ĺһǵӻ統ذ½Ƶǵ£ ⸽ ñӴ ˼ 鵽ͷϣǳܵܵŮ飬Ҫˡ
ӻЦˣ¹졣
ôͻȻˣҲ֪ͨһҲڼҵ㡣
˵ҲãպÿϹģߵǰмһֱʸ壬ǰΪʲôҪأֲ˽½ô֪Ǻǻ˵ѣھͿȥصʡ
һֱԲԭֻû塣
ؽȷʵв죬ǵһݼģҲˣӻ绹˵ǰҲڴεεؿ޹Եв
ӻϸ룬ǰº
ʲôϡ£ʱżȻҪɱĸףȥйصˣ鵽һ̿ͺ˳ϲ鵽࣬Ҳ֪ʱϵǱ֪ڰв࣬һӼҾĲ¶ӼɣҲӼ鷳ǡȵ֡۰ңұ˽Ĳ£Ҷû
ȥĶѾȥûˣҲڻλЩ޹ؽҪûҪ㡣
ӻҪǰƽ࣬Ѿû֪ĵװݣһ·Ҳû淢Ҳ
ܼúõģĿġ
һ۾Ϳ˼ҿҪסݾñ֪鵽̿ͣǲܻס㡣
ӻ˵ͷʱԼȷʵ
ǰΪʲôҪɱӻһֱ벻ףʱݲǿʢΪƽ±ȫʵۣҲûҪٶʱܵе֡
ֱףƸ֣Ҳ£ݺһ뱻˾ָݼìܣþǵķиΪƷ˾һ·
¬һжΪͬʱƽѵסĸŮ˭£¬ưոݡ
һ̫Ӻܣ˾ûĽǾתƵӸ֪ƽ£ҲûԳֵͷ
ԸѹȥΪ˸ŵ㣬߳һʵϡ
ӻ䣬ȵҼǵ뿪ʱʮֳأѣŲ뿪ŹȥûãôСˣС߶Ҫ󷽣֪÷ĸס
С죬ϲһֱûһȥ̸Ц̵ˣ
ϲˣӻû˱㾹ȻܹӺݣһʼΪܵģ¬Ҳ׺ϣĺ
һͨ佱泩ɫҲˣƺģԶ볯þ;޺˼úܣҲƭƭС
ӻεѾӵˡ
Сܵţȥûһֱ㣬ڸﵽͷϵľһʲôûµһˣúúźҡ
Լ𼱻ǣ˭ź˭һӻס֣˲䣬̧ЦЦȻϲ

ЩĴɽˮ֮䣬֮չΣ˳㻹ȥҾ˾˷ɣΪ֣ίЩ궼û߳һֱӡ
Ӹֻǡý˵ӻϢ˳·һˣû뵽պøӻӣˡ
ûǰ
ػǾϷɩӣ뿪ŷӦ
Ѿʮụ̈ûãйԱ߲ҲҴߣҺùлкüλӣҲصͻȻºˡ
սҴʱĿһ£¸λӺãûִϢʤ࣬սʤˣӵ󼻵ĸоûһлʵʧٵĻϢĴûûʵ۾ֹһǡ
дϲǲΰ룬λȫԼĻλ˶ߣԣԺڹִ
ö֮ҶϰˣʲôϢ̩Ȼ֮ԼԼġ
ǰʲôӴҲ֪ϷˣûʲôȥŮҲգǳЩģҲǵͼ֮ˣ˭ҰŮ޸ǾλεŮ΢еĹԱȥ
ضԳɻһ²ô⣬λ粻˵¶ϣܿϸŮ˾ѾǸ챣ӡ
ƽӰˣͲѱŮߣȥӻԹŮӽ֮˾ȻҲ˵ֵֻ뿪죿
·ӸʱЩûӦ
ȥ򳤹밲ۿԼǸżĺӣܾԼǸոռ㣬ԾòžӻĶӸԼ硣
ĸҸżûϵһ㣬ǰǻӣǰһȻҪӭӡ
ػ˽ӼңֻһжֵġĸɥӲʹɥδģԵ˵ź̬
ԳûʲôȤܶӼҵ֣ۣ˵Լھ޶ҪסڼңΣɫϣֻܴӦ
ػӸ췴ɡ
ҹ̽һӸ̽һʱһˤס˼ǰ͵һۡ
صڶϰźȦ򳤹ǱʱպҲȥҳ
غڶǵǸĮ
㷢صĴڣּ̧ٽһ豭ӳݾֱҵϣҳһСӡ
ѻŮ˻üã㼡ûؿ
رɨһۣѪҺס㣬ٴ˽⵽˳λֳΪɱԭ򣬲Ҿӣһҹû˯š
ȴֻصļ˵ܣÿ£ҿ



103  103 
ӻʱ ոմӳ ˮڴߵϡĹ͸ֱſͷϣѩļҧӡӡ
꣬ ǸëͷСӡ
ϣ߬סڣʪҧסͻȻ֮ͻסץԲϵһӺݺ档
㱧ܽ ްǿռЩûӦ̧ͷʱһָֻˣ һû˼ ˴ ͺղŶĴһ
һҹȥ֮ӻ˯Ȼѡ
ôˣشǷ ԺŮѾڣ𣿡
šɾӸͷԱ˵ˣһֻҰè Ϊˡ
ӻҲϰºź Ҳû֣ ֻᱧסſϣ̧ͷ˵ĸ˵ʲôСߺӶˣʱҪ˱
ɿ壬ϵûϵס⻬󱳽ףؿںǵǰסֽ⿪ʱ־Ͳպ࣬һ㶼ûֻ¶棬ȥҲñɴûʲôҲûʲôһ˵Űϡ
㷴ӦˣҲûӻʲôֻ˵Сˣû˯Ѿʦ㻹û䣬˭ҳ˵üˣպƽղײգһؾ飬ݵ
ãӻͷϲ㡣
۾ÿüʱϵСϲְ̧סڣ¿ɲô׾͹ȥˡ
ӻûص˶ɵģаȫУͺǴûоӣеʡ
ôˣҵûʱôã˽´ڨȵģӻû˵
ֱӵѾ뿪ˣӸûʲôʶģҲԸʶȤˡ
ҲãҶһ ӻĻ֪ˣ鷳Ӹûʲôʶģûʲôá
⼸У½˵ɽˮʱԼ¶ɽֻһ㶼¡
ӻһǷҲ˵ʱΪʲôֻ㡣
ӻۣ۵Ļ˯һתӶˮУ쳤šɾˮδ죬ӻ󱳡
۾ſϣȷʵЩʣ򵥰ףûþֳ˺ϲ
ӻʳһŷǱô˵ҼǵҸҪ뿪ʱƺܲϲҡ
ְסϸ磬û£ҾдŸϴͻʶʱҾ͸˵ĸƢ֪࣬㡣ҪǻؾǾͲӻ硣
ӻ΢΢˫ɼ󣬳˵ȥ𣿡
򵥲˵ǸĺֶģûϴαӺݣΪһĴ󽫱ӿһۣ͵
˵仰ԸܵӻĽӲϳʣôˣ𣿡
ӻֻ§סͷСУɢĳϸıϣϡλ֣Ǹӣʮָߴ׳ʵˣó󵶡
ȷʵͦͻʽӺݣһʮǳأޱȣȷͶﲻˣݺǽ˴ΣҳûһţͻϣʢŭЧĺá
ӻ˶٣ʱҲʮ߰꣬ҲĴҲѹ赽ڲŶԼλãǴʢʱڵѪϴһͻʾӵõƤ
Ľ踸һĴڣӻĴڣΪҾģľߡ
ͻǰܾ谮˹裬Ҳûֹ
ӻ绹ûԼݣϲ裬Ҳ뱻ͬΪһࡣĵΪϧģŻûúݡ谮ô̽ӡ
ǰʱƣͰԼֳƷλʱȨݺץһΣȴûʲôӰ죬ûþٴ̤Ӻݣǹ˲ʱĴ˾ĸ󻼡
ǰʱ㣬û꣬ͻʣΪµһĨλ꣬ѪϴҹĿ־ռ硣
㸧ֲڵĺӻһ£ع
һжڤڤ֮˸ı䣬ţһ˫Ůǰ󣬵£ʣ㣬ȫǡ
Ϸ˵ڶӳЩúöϴҲ˵ǸкԴҶĬˣΪŮʱ˭ûѱ
һСͷ޷ԤϵӰ죬е¶˸ı䡣
ڣûֵɢҲûϣƵõ󼻾ڣôŵԭǸλá
øЩҺһж
㲻֪ͻȻôˣ彩ӲƬ̣ûҶ
ھӪΪ˼ʲôԸõģҲ쿪һΣڱؿѹסѪͷĶŪýѹѹȥ
ִϸϣװںʣҴǰҧҪǲĻ

㲻ˣҡ򣬿ڱڷҡ
ӻ˫£ס½󣬴ڴԶԣûȤġ´ȥˮȣ㵥סϡ
üͷְѿϵЩ˫ǲڵģŪЩСطȴǰȴϸ
ӻ绹ûô£ͷҲû̧ĵģĲè͵ô죿
ӻи̣ԺƽʱرɭϣԡʱҲŮţ˭õ֪ǰЩҲûҪˡ
˵һֻ۱һֻۣŮˣȥûʲô˼

ս꣬˺սڸ֮⣬ʹΪżҺκҷ˲ġ
ʱӻھκ꼸䣬ҪȥӣӸ
֪ӦĻӣĿܷŹò׻һ˾ǵӻ磿϶ǰ˴˳ȥ
κڳдҲм꣬һ˭˵񣬲пԼû֪˵ĺѣ¼ҹˣֻм顣
û˹ܵ㣬дǴǰ̫һɣΪ»й춯㡣
ȥʱǹԱɿʦسһ뵽ԺûȰסԺô졣
˴ӸӵıãһĵϢʱ˻ûһţȲ˵ӻıãһִʾͲ̫ʺλ¡
ʥּȻʵǰһؾҪ޻ʺסĳַԸ׼䣬¿»ñۼ¡
ѾȷʷԹٱ㿪ʼҪӻ磬鵽ĽǳܵڱԺΪӣΪŮ۵øŮ
Ҷ޷֡
ʲôƢ˭֪˭ҪǸҷԵͷϣмȮġ
ΨһĶˣʣ¸Ƶģǳд󳼱Ƶ̫ݸϵˣ˭еֵĺ
ó͢Աģ̬ȣ¼ּҪԢΪΣ˭
ʺ˶봦ùԱֻ̧֮С¡
һǱ߰˽ӻ飬δһ룬߽ͻ£ûλСҲû
ʼµһӪʿںһ󣬰ͻȻεĪʼգɫ䣬˸һӪʣͨ˲ÿ
ӪеĴû֪ʲô£˺½½˿ʼӪҩٶȶϲϲĽʿϣȥ㡣
ŵսݣûӸ͵
ӻʱųȥ˹䣬˵ӸԼҽвԸֻԸһȥһˡ
ӻһȥģΣҲûȥҽʱû˴洫ⱻҩѬš
вԣ˵Ͷ߶˶ǿ֮Ⱦ̫
ӻһġ



104  104 
ӻϤ߶֣ Ѿж˭ġ
˵ⶫʱǶµľ֣ Ϊʵףûߥֳ֡
ӻʼߴõϤ֢״ͬǴһͬ飬 ȱĶ֪һ һСš
û뵽边ȻֱӶӪ֡
һֻֽеų˳ӻ̧ͷ ڿţ е鷳
㻳ﻹһѶ Ǹմӽ Ըñüţ Ÿ ˵ؾҪƳ٣ҵûؾӪһˣ  Ҳȥ
ӻ˵Ҫ Ҳ֪ڶ˵Ǹᣬ Ӫ û ʤʼˣ
ֻעⰲȫҪ֮ˣӪǰѴҺãҪȻһȥ
ǰõ߶˿ʼ޲ͷԲѣٵѣط类Ƴʳ㣬Ϻüֻס˻ѡԾȥ֮Ҳйپʧʮ֮ڱһʮضѪ
߶ЧĿǰ֪һûмʱƳҩ½½˺ö࣬ӺݲѴ֮߶˺ȫһѻˡ
ͻǿΪֻĿŵɱˡֶĿģΪ󼻽ʿֻĥˣ˭費ùҲ˭ùϴֱɱ常費ô򵥾ͷŹ
㱧лӣֱ׾ܾӻһǰȥ󣺡ӣոսӪͲˣֻҶ˼ġ
ӻӵ׺òãѵ֪
ǻʱСÿζСſڵȡѾһ꣬ѾܷŴվѧ·
ӻС߻ﱧౣ߽ȥ
ӵͷһװĺӸСߣָһƴĲౣӻĶŽݣȻ߳
ӻݴҲм꣬ƽպٳȥԳ̷˽
С㣬ԼЦ
ӻ̾һֱţ
Ѻӷ㻳ȥдŸеĸйעͨӼҡ
ǼʿҽݵС˻֪ʲôԺͱҽҩ
౺Сһ⣬ӻǴĸϸʱʱͳС߹Σʱ̫̣С߻ܵӻߣ߿ޱߴ˵ҪµӻΣ֪ô塣
ĽҲСϲûһС߾ܻϲ
ӻţŮԳ崫Ÿܼң͸
ںľԲԣںǰӣҲûúӻԹͻʱɡ
ʥּѾؾȺԱƨĳ̶ȣض׼Ĵ飬ֵƳ٣ȻҲвã¶ࡣ
Ų򿩿ЦÿģСĶȥСƨƨߵذ˵Ҷ
һ궼ûУöЩ綯ȥ;ú棬Ƕ۸硣
˿ڲ裬˴౵̧ͷӻ˵㲻һкҪģ㷭յòС
ӻǽ¼飬Ƴһ㣬Ļʲô˼
δζϸڴϴһ㣬Ҫ©˰㣬͵ð
ĽڣӻòУɴ಻ֻߺԹ
ӻǶĺ|ӡ
ƫǰûʲôŮˣ˴ŮӸЬĻ߰Ҳ֪ǲǸ
ӻڰϷҽ飬ֱͷϸ֮䣬ϲкӣ׹׹ӣ΢üԳеĲ
û˵߶нҩһ֮ûֻ߶ȫɱᡣ
ĶʮѸ٣û㱸֮
д㲻Ҫͣ䣬һעⰲȫ˯ŵ౷ŴϣӻСߵ𣬡ҵˡ
СʹһƬ㣬Ҳû⣬ӹ֮һھҧ
ӻ翴͹һʱԼдźҽѾóиųȰЩӪдҲ֪кνҩЩƽտҽժ¼ݵľҽ࣬ǻſܲκŵĶλʱ˹ȥøϸ㱸˼ҩģǻ֮󵽡
Ķȥ̧һաʱձҪ˵жȴһֱԽԽСʱԣеߡ
ģ½ǲӹ֮ҲȥҲӦԣԼҲע⣬εʹӦǴ·ϲӴ̫ˣҽݴ࣬òԼǰȥ
ӻĵⲻô򵥵ģȻҩȷ̽Ӫܵ˼ʲôҪЧ׳֡
㲻Լ䣬ͻһֱʡģʲôûʼԼײ

ֻǳ߶һҪȥ߶ģһǳӲ̡
Ӹ֮ûʲôߺû죬½üҽССС˲˶ȥӻĲóźʱסһԺԼϼӿܵӸС
дʣ·ϵĵմӣ
·ϸƽ߶꣬ݵĴӻױҽ飬ϰҽϵ츳Զʤˣ˶ʼ䡣
ӻΪ·ϵĵӺܼ򵥣ֻ˵һ£ҲûĻͷĬˡ
Ӹ±ӳĽʿΧ˻֪ô£¬һˣ𲽲⸽ܶΧŴʿ
Ŵ򿪣¬̤ʱպҴҵӻ磬Ϸˣü˵ĸҪҴȥ
Ϸ˿ӻ糤ӻ£⼸һֱߡ
¬壬ôˣԶЩӻЩȣɴװҽҩ˿ҽҽ濴ˣӪʲôϢЩ֡
¬ɫһ䣬ӱͲã־Ѿմôȥһˣҳ
ӻҡͷģҲðգߵĴѾ÷¬´ǹżɣΣⲡ˶ˣ˴˭ҲƲסݺ˵ɱĵطأǱָô죿£ûôʱԥ
ݵİط֮ͬǶӸΣֻҪ棬ݵвطˣ˵
ӻȱҪ˽߶ȸдãȻԼǰΡ߶ʱ䲻࣬˱ˣлָĿܣ˳£
ӿºֶͣҲݶЩࡣ
ӻûڴ˵ضൢ飬ͻȻͷ˵¬壬Һλƽⶾ|ҩҩȥһ˱߽¡
¬ܳд뿪ûжҡ֮ɫ̾˿Щϵ㸸ףܲ³¡



105  105 
߶ʬйأ 費ɻֶɱȤ
ӻ̫˽
ҹˮһԲ¹ϣ߲Ӱҡҽ۵ýгѾ죬ӻҲû˯
Щ㲣 ϰҽ飬 ҩ켸ҹɶܲסοӻ磬 ᱳʹ˯
벻죬 ӻֱӽĿǰҽݡ¬£ ҲивĴӸһˣ ֪ͨҪӸһӡ
ӻԲ²Ϊɽ߶˵˳ȥ ȻŰɣ ҲĻΪʵһһƽⶾҩ
ҩиڰҩСҩ¯ ӻһ߿ҩֱߵζõҩģ ֣ еѾ֤ûã еܼʹһģƷʱ䡣
˼ھͺģʱûС
Ϸ磬ݸϣڵȻȥϢɣôʵҲסɴ˯һҲá
ӻԼϵ֣˵û£ЩǶѸ㶨ӰѾǱҲ֪ôЩѣ
ϷѾȰãֲֻһ԰ҩ
ӻڷתţΪڵסҹĺ䡣ֻһζҩ뵽ʲôãʲôҩ䣬ʲôҩ෴ܳЧͳͳ֪һ
Ϸ˿ҩĵٶȺü棬жЩ֪̾ӻϰҽ츳ǴСͽЩ¡
ҩʱϷôֲձҩ֭ҩС
ӻԼȳһ£˻ü𣬾ûǲҪĸо
Աɴйɵҩ㣬ӻɴסӣҪҩȥжһԡ
ʱӻһ£Ϸæס㲻ԹȥǶϷ£ЩҩҲԣ⻹һô򳤹Ҳˡ
ӻҡҡͷ˵߶Ͼһգ˾ͶһΣգҲ˵ݱúܺã£ӪǱһ׳󣬽ģΪ߶ʧˣҲƣҲԸˡ
Ϸ΢΢ţʲôû˵ڡ
ϴθûһ죬ֱҵϷˣæӻ硣˳ӻ⣬Ϸ˰עӻ£ӻʲô±ܾ
Ϸ̾⵹ͶԸԷʧ䡣
ӻҩ˽ȥϷ˸档ҩ˼룬ֱ˼˺ȡ
Чõֻ֢ˡڶϣֻЩƽȳʼ࣬תѵԤס
ô
ӻһҹû˯ҽſڣų̫Ƕ壬Ǻã
һͻȻ뵽Զ

߽Ӵ߶˲࣬㰲Ӹüʱδ춯Ӫٽַ߽߲ģ֡
ڸϻӪ·ϾͻϮ߾Ӫб˼ΣǿӲڰ֮⣬ͻʡ
Ӫսʤڴ󼻳ڳ⴫ս˽Ϣ˾ʵֱӶͻʲһ˿־塣
ЩðͷļץŷǮ˰µ
λıʿӪǰӭӪѬҩݣŨŨܣȺԱߵСڱʣӪΣ
һλǰЩʱ߶ͻʼֻˣд쳣˸룬˶ʮֹ죬ȾǿʹСķвٽʿУǰЩʱͻʽ˼֮󣬽Ծòӭս˱ΪϲߣѾòĽʿս෽
θߴ󣬽һۣȴδԱ߾þɳĽѹͷüĿŭ
һ仰û˵ԱߵĽж֪һǲµʲôֻðһ뻰Ҳ˵˳˱ʱɹؽǰͻδɳʮͣһѴˣʮ˹ؽۼֿһλ󺹵ĵ¹ûˡ
㿪ʣģ
ˡ
˵¼εͻʴΪʵʧ
û˸˵Ļƽ˵һӣξϣ˭Υһɶ洦ãԼҲ⡣
ǰһʱ䣬뿪Ӫ£֪ǳȥʲôʱΪѾΥҲûĽͣһֱֱ˼ʮ|ޡ
Ӫ𣬹ˣֱӾͰһٷô̫á
ҲûôӲֻһ¾ùˣкɲһ֮ȥ̷ʮ
ɿٲڣæǸ湨Ӧǡ
ȥˣӪڲСȥһ˲෽ٳһյӪʣȥ̽òĽʿṳ̂ȥʹİ
Ѿв˫Ŀʧ˫ʧϣеˣѾȫܲκηӦϻ΢Ϣ
½Ϻ϶ŷߵĸɲûǰԼһѬҩ̵Ӫл·ų
£дóҽЩɵĿˣⲡЩ֣δ͸Ѿȥа£Ŀǰûҳκνķӣ½ĳڴ˵ذġ
ͷӻĶ˵˸Щþҽܲĥʲô
½ֽӹд򶼻û߶¶ۣô֪ҪЩҲûʣصˣ£ͽȥ˵衣
ر¸֪ĶѾ֪һٲһЩ¼εĴ󺹽裬ͻǰĶӣȥлصͻʣһȡϵ常ڴ󼻡ҪΪ常ΪɣȡǵİһҹͻϮʹλ½ĳԶĦ֮ˣֻΪֲͣڱµĸо
ϴμ裬²ӻ磬㺦ΪԼˣˣѻ常ϣʾݣ㲻мڱвֱһɱǸˡ
ǽС֮ⳡ߶Σ˳ڴϷġ
½ֵ½ĳ֮
ף뵽ӻ磬֢С
Ӻȱ𴦿죬פظĻҶѾʼ䣬ջӪûãг򼱴Ҵͻǰ
ͻʿкƳ磬ëѪҰΪ֮ӲϣĸǴˣһֱ˳ۡ
ûԼĸףԴҲûκθ飬ΨһиоģǴ󼻵һŮӣЦᣬ۾Ưƺܰ˶װȥһۼʱ˺þãֻ֮ģռ



106  106 
ɪɪ ܶ һưô꼴٣ ѵصĶ 
ף ռ|Ӳĳ|ǹε͸Ӳ֮Ѿǰдɬ꽫 תսɱѪ
ӪΪĵʿǣЩʱһЩڲֻҲʧ ˾أӪеĽʿҲ֪޵С
ƺû뵽ڸϻɫЩ֮ɫ ס ߶Ȧ˵󼻻ʵ۵ڹʺΣ֮ӣ ܵŮǲһΪҲҸԭͷڹ꣬վ˼ʱʵټ
ӪĽʿ󲿷ֶ֪뿪£ĻҲûǶҡӾͲǸŮǲģɱ֮ ŮҲټ ˵ԴΪڳȥµпܡ
ǰûôϻ ر衣
㲻֪ ⲻ˳ۣ֣֮żӼ϶ÿÿ㺦ӻڻУһŭͷҪɱ衣
ҪϷ˽
ʲôû˵̧֣ùִ׼
赹ҲӪϴҪɱӪһλʱͱⶫȣЩ֡
ֵۣ˴βǰ棬󼻻ʵۺαǣѲ֪ͻܱȣ֪Ȳϣ֪ϴλزҲӪǲǿԵ󼻵Ļʵۣ
ͻʵľӺЦһţһѴصþˣУͺޱȡ
üû
࣬ԴͷԸξפظ˱ţ˵ǰ
㵱ʱͻй˽⣬֪͹սһԶʤӣΪǼǺޣƶˡ
ⳡ߶ԴɣпܵģùĿҲ
ξȭһ뿪΢΢ϵĿݲݱ̤
üеܲµȥ͵Ϯ
ǰмڵ𼸷ֽ֮⡣
Ҳ֪Ӫڿ϶ڷ߶£ϾܿصҲûа취ʬûнҩҪôֱӰɱᣬҪôŸȾ
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ʼС꣬мˮƮϡδսͻȻ
ĳδ£Цһûǰ׷
ûӭս
ɫ㳤ꪻ죬ֱӿڷԸҹѲӱˣֱץ̷ɷŹ
ŸյӺûãδ˽ڲƾԼ뷨Ըһ
صפؾξ˵˱Զǰͻʿ࣬˲ŵĶ²ͼ쵽Ӫҡ
թƻʹ˰ݡ
Ӫд򾡿ƽⶾ֮ҩ
߶ɢһߣǲܽջò֮˵ĵطר˼Ī⣬ĸӪָ˵ʱ䡣
㵽һӪĽ˳ϻ̳Ͽӭӡ
˵㲢ûɱµȺв֮ʿûзŹᣬȾв˶µ֡
ӪнʿȻкüǱ½Ȱ˽´Ͷ½£㡣
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ǴйشڵĸĽƣû·ǰͻǰ
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ȥ֮ʱͻڶ¼䳰͵ĻĪߺˣһ֮ڽмˣӪȨͺӪľ
Ӫеʱܺͻʴ򣬵ʱ䡣һ²С󣬼ŭ˲˶ͻʵŭӪһȴʿǰġ
ʲô㲢˽⣬ҲǵϷŪɵӡµ軹ϣԸõòĵʮеİոٽʿסиܳȥˣá
¹һ࣬ҹžҹ֣Ѳߵʿǰࡣ
֧Ӫʶˮڰɳ̺ͱף̨кü
λȭӪְңӻġ
ʵ˭ʤ
˻һۣ˳еʤ˵׼еġ
Ϊ˿ºͺͣ˵ͻʻѵӺãҲ˵ƶˣóαװȺö
ս꣬Ҳ˽Լｫ˵ֻ֪֮ʤˡ
СͻȻ˵ͻǰ
нǱƢƵоʵڿȥǰ˵۷СĲᣬ·һһףǵ˲ϢȥҲǰ취һ̡
Լϵң

ݾӪפЩ룬ǿӱҹͣͨĸ·÷ϰµʱ䡣
ʱӪսʱ״̬ѰʹȥӻҲû뵢ʱ䡣
ӻԵĶԵҩЩЧãֹסӣǲ
˽Ĺĥ·ӡ
߶ʬƫϮ壬һĥˣܡԶҩԣͬҲһԣðֻ̫Ҫ΢еʧ󣬶ȥľһ
ʼŵʹѾЩм֢״΢һģںӻҩ󣬿ʼתѣ״̬Ҳ
ӸΪӣиָҩеģӸȱЩõĶϺõҩнʿ࣬ʱһڶʱҳôҩҩ档
ӻ绹ǾҩдãͬҩһȥӪ
ӻʮƣ룬˯һȫۡ
ӻûڴЪϢ̫ãϷλ߬ȭ˴ͷԴҼλɫڣѾʼ˵ҪҲӣöȻѾһߣ벻ö
ǼλҲûֻǾ÷̫󣬲ðҲһԵͷ
ӻȻַȻ뷨
λͣûӻסǼͷģҲЩ棬ҽģʵʹͷ
ӻֻɷԶڱ߽һǴ󵨵ģΪǣۡ
±ȱҪתҲ죬϶ҽ鶼Ĺһ飬ڱ˻ʲôʱȰҩдʱֱͬλǷС
˿֮Ϊ͵㵹·ϵĵӣй֮ԵܸƽߣǱȱҪҲһ
ӻҡͷ˵
ҩûгЧֻڶġ
ûôʱģһȷϹ󣬱㳢Կʼҩ
ӻǽģҽݣҽȥ˰ʱ洫ϲһƽʱӻ˿
Ҫ̤ʱǰͻȻһƬѣǰڣŲͬȣ£ͻȻεȥģϷ˾ŵĺ



107  107 
ѬŨŨҩζ µסӰ
ӻ֮ʱϣ ŵδ꣬ 紵֦ ȫƣ ͺ񱻳ɾ㣬ֶ̧
Ϸ˼ˣæҩιӻ磬 ϴӻ翴üеĵǣ ҲɵʣȾˣ
Ⱦ˵ںڲࡣ
Ҫ ֢״ƫᣬ ΡϷҪӻ̧鵲˵ ԼڴΧϡ
ӹҩ̧֮˫ʣҩô˻𣿡
Ϸ˰ҩջڴһԵķϣӻ˵˼ںѪͺ࣬ ǰôҲ ܸЩӦ ۾Ҳģһ ˵κЩ֢״̫ܣҲʮֲˣҲõģⲡҪ࣬תѱҪˡ
ӻ洽ƫһԣϷ˸ı˵СҪȿࣿⲡȾǻӵģ⼸춼ٳţаá
ʱٳӻģҽſڣҲרܻȥԼУﲻע⣬ԺѲǣϡ
ϷˣԶһЩӻ˵żܳŹȥͺãԺͲٷСߺôˣ𣿡
뺢ӣҲȥҳԼϴȾһֱûȥ
Ϸ˻˵ãС߻ڿ౽£Ҳ
ͺãԺȥӺһˣȥ֮󣬻һҲѣºһֱ֡ӻ̾Ҳգҩԣȥҵҽù
Ǳ߲֪ôˣһֱûϢȾ٣Ҳ½ȾüӪ˶ִܼ󣬶ֻв
ӻŪķӻʺϵģǶ˹۲켸죬ƽȣ񻼲ʱʱʱޡǴǰǸ⣬ҩϡ٣ֺǮӶþ׼ûЧ˾Ǻ
ӻмûȥһֱⲡԼʲôҲ֪һ¾ҩԵʣûкͱԣвʣڿԲͣ
ӻҩ֮ͿʼתûȫãаҹŰЩ۾ѾǰдõҩúҩȥӺݡ
ǵİնҩ̵ĵЩѾ£ȥμӹһαŮ¾ƣҲû뵽Ӹ¡
ȹ˼ӻؿͻȻ˫ٿز԰ףѪɫ
飬ɫһ䣬߶ǵûȫؼ֡
εĴӱ۹״Լ˺òײźתһЩˣʲôⲡԺ۾ģ˶ģΪɷҲˣҺҩӦþû¡
߶ѾѾ࣬ʼ޲ߣΪҩкͣ߶ĴȾҲ˼֡
ӻͷӦһƣر۾⼸úšǱ߳ٳûϢϢȥҲЩʱգòԹȥʶõҽȥһⲡַҲȱ֪öࡣ
ϴԥһ£ӻȷʵҪܶණá
߽Ǳû֪ͻʵʶǱߴ֣ȷʵ°빦

߽Ҫصöࡣ
ǰʱ콫ɱǰƣȴûһʵʶûʾóǵ·ȥ·ȡս֮أֱξ빭ҹӶ·ͻϮͻʺӪ
ǵϷˣɵӡ
жܣЮѲߵ·ͻʾӪУҪӦ֮ʣСͬѲӪͻʽϡ
ͻʵֲԾɱһٰѲŽȫӪ䱸
͵ϮͻӪʵ±֣һɱͻʽȻҪʤһξҲʲôûһѻոɾͻӪµ֣صĽʿֻȻ˲֡
ƺòࡣ
֪ĵӴ͵ϮϾӪڵҲʺϡ
ԼӪϮʱսȫҹǰû¶ӪΪͻ˺޵ʱٿȻľӡ
СҴһץɹֲӲΧԴ£ִìߡղŸ¹һ꣬ϵŢµȳǳӡ
ɱаƥҵ˻ŨصѪȼڸ¹Ŀ֮Уɱ֮ÿ˵ԺУͻһλϱ۴󽫾жʮ˵ãһѴˣͬһ޵ĵ
ʦͬһͬӺݣк˳ȥּ˳ӣȴȥһλ常λ常ĸǲԭƹˣҪõƷӵͳΡ
ɱˡ
ҵ˻ͻʣ常ȫƸۣ˳ŵǻ֮ض󼻣ȡô󼻻ʵ׼кȭȭ⣬ŵλɥӵĸ
ûĹ˵ļ£г|ǹݾʮ㣬׳ʵͻʿͱһǹݺݴְ࣬γ|ǹѪλһߣʪĵϡ
߶ͻʣ󼻽ʿث֣ǵѪǰģɱбն͡
ߴͬһǽӪĽʿǿܣɱʢҾͷ·õ˹㡣
ҹ֣ƶǺ룬һͻȻϮ|ǹͻȻһסѵѪĴ󵶡
ʱһ죬˶ֱ۶е飬֣ͣƽռٻһֱֻԾͣɱ˲ٴ󼻵Ľʿ
ۣ˵едһ˿ͷ·ǸδɵСϱǸ
µĴ󽫣һҲԶʤ֮ͨ
Цһ֪Ǹ˵Ľͣþһ
þˣЩȻ֮󣬲Դ֡˴򶷲غϣλϱ۽ͱ
ɫٿش䣬ȻδϵԼ֮죬ϴ󵶾Ҫȣֱһǹͱֱۣڵϣ۵ú˼֡
ʱһת˼󽫱ץһۣʼ룬ץϼӿء
ͻ֣ץͻʴ󽫾Ҳûֵʲôô
ڶһ磬Ӫ½½˳߶֢״þвʱ򣬻ˮԴ˶
ЩʿǰȻϿδң˵Ҳ߶ٶʵǿ죬صı߽ʿϵ¡
½ȥģԼҲˣӪ֮С
ҽȻӻ紫ĶǶ̫ţȷ֢״ӻʱѾЩʱ
Ҷ֮Ǳһҩģ֢ģԣҲǡʱ
֢ͨ״ʿѾתãҽҲӹţϽЩҩҩ
ˮԴȾʱҲڲӣõķ֮һ˼ʮ
㵽㣬쾫ֱӰͻʱ˶ʮͻʴֲȻعҪʱѾʼפӪʡ
ǳսУΪһ仰ͷһŭģ׼ҳӣ㱻ĵնȻ񷢺ݱĴ󵶣ûֱ֣ӵ
ǿ׳߶йӪĽʿȴǻٶʼЩ֢״ǣƵӣˣ׽ʿ
ͻʴ˶ʮѾǼޣģͬҲͻɻ󣬾ǻкС
ʱӪͻʷĲս£ССС
أ»µ塣
ʮֽƻֶͬݶ
ƺںץҲµǶ˱ͼ
Ӫ񷱶࣬ͣصѹϣҪ鶼һη壬ҲӲԼŲ
΢е㲻ģӻʱûһ
ȹһ¶ºӪвڿʼ٣ʧͬ٣ûʬ壬ǻұפĳС
վڱжʿӪ⣬оҽ
߳£רǰв֪˭˵ǸȾ˲˵۾ɼ߶ڣݱκˣ˱ضЩ飬ʡºܶʱ䡣
ݵҩúܿ죬óǷǳ˼ĵ㻳ӻҲһš
ĻлҪ¡
ͷ˵λսϵ²ʿǵҪã͢͡



108  108 
ӪȾ˱Ӫں󷽣 Щת ӪϢܣûȥ Ҳû֪ġ
뿪ʱ ˵ݵĴ쵽ˡ
Щȣôɣ
Աߵľҽֻ˵ǰʹϢ µᵽӪ˵½ڻһӲ죬ӣ Ǳ˽졣¶ļ֪ λжһ£ Ҳİ
Ҳá
Ҳݵˣ ӻ
Ӻƽؿ Ӫʸɭϣͨ˽ Ҳȥǰߵսʱ ܵʱ䲻࣬Ҫȥ
ӼѾûˣ㲢żҺӼҼ϶Ӱ쵽Ժ
ͻʴ󽫣ܳ Σ ͬϴǸ֤ݵˡɱǼŭͻʿ Ապʱ衣
ΪһεĽͻʱ˶ʮ ͻһֱڲ²̽Ӫڵ
õķǰڵ߶ʱô̽Ҳûá
ĴȻǺõġ
㲻֪λôἺΪ˲ǰβҲŲˣϴϮʱǸũϺҲǣ֪Ӹ뿪
ѾתݲأͬλҽһͬӪʣɫȣ߱ں˵պĴ㡣
ƳϤӰʱŲͣվԭضҲ
˳߳ǰȵһ䣺ʿǰûϸʹ
ӻɴվԺһν˵֪˵ЩʲôüۼϷڲ
ǰӪΪŮҽΪнʿβ
ӻܰ׾ϦĹɴϸǡôźҲó
뿪ǰһ
ӻνӪеνȭأӪ֮Ѿ֢֪ǹǰۣȥϢ
ӻй֮ԵιˣĽ֮⡣
ӻҡͷһУ⼸жװҩģȰЩҿɫҪ꣬˲á
˵꣬ӻתͷͻȻͿվڴӪſڿһû뵽⡣
ӻסϷ˵֣кȻһЩš
ӻո̹߶ȥС£ҲҪʱ䣬ӸʲôȱһæûҪΪģҲûص֪ͨԼҪ
ǲνЩԾתͷҲ㣬ʱΪе㣬æ˵½Ѳӣƽ޴²ⷢ𣬹ﲻú¡
вᷢıڼӻ絲סߺϵϢͻȻͳ
˹һѽӻ籧ڻӻ̴ٽһ§סĲӣæ̧ͷҪͣ俴һۺҲŵ©һģҪ˵ĻʻظС
ʲôûܣõӻֱ۱ֱۣӱӪϢӪʣӪʴŵһ£Ȼعʱ
ʵһ¹죬ʲôʲôյãʲôʱ
ôĴ򣬶ݽͣЩӰ˵ҰôֱӣͲ´ЩֵֹҥԣҪ뵽ӻõ֣͵ؾĥ˲Ծ
ʲôܲţԼҪӻˣԭλΣ֮أ浱Լ
ĲӺܴӻߵķ綼ЩС˽ƢԣܵͳѹͷһΣ仰˵
˱ӪбٳطһǸͨ˵ģѬҩζһȫǲˡ
㶪һɾĴϣӲģˤδۣ۵۾ˮ
ӻ纬ῴ㣬ӵ񾭶Ƕϵģס
ֲڴְļǽϣڵҷ뿪벽ⱲӶù
ӻûʱ˵ŭ
ʹ˫ᣬʲôҲ˵֪װ۾˵£ֻһŨĵӿɱ֮
§ڻֽͷţҪҽողŸ˵ĴҪ
ʲôȾ˲ʲôв߶ڣǲѰ
ӻֵܵĲҹô𣿡
ѹסӣڣ㵱ΪƢãٸҿޣҰ۾ˡ
ӻ类вһ䣬Ӳ˻ȥ֪вֻͨҧҴˡ
§סϸǰҪϸϼ֣ʱŭ֡
˵ͻ˵ԼˣԺϵϣܡ
ӻľ죬ҲԼò£˫ֱס˵һ·ͣϹ㡣
Ļﲻ֪ѧģھһûаְοûΪ߶ˣãúôӸȾˡ
㣬ˣӻͷ˲ĲȳֲֵɵӣȻ⣬ӿ϶ǺˣҪȻǹˣҷŴӪפӪʹģƺƵҲУǲȻҼĺøˡ
°Ϳ˫ҪѪһѲӻ綼ЩֻԼ
ҲûղŵĻɫûҪǸƭӣʲôƭ
㣬ս²ˣϵʱ䣬˵ĸѾܲģҲû˼ˣȥЩ飬ѾƳҩҲ뿴ЧвС
źݻҳȥұҴȡ
ӻ粻֪ΪʲôӦ֮Ⱦ˲ҲˣʲôܱȵϴҪ
Ӫ״һκãһû֮ǣô⸱ģ
ӻ⵹װġӺݽΪ䣬ӻ·ϸȾ˷纮ԲͣͷҲ˯ϷϣϷ˰ңҪŵò˯
ϷҽŮȻҲҪʲô۾ѹסԼԼָǰϰߵģⲡӹŴ֮أһҹ
ӻʵڲ֪ʲôˣֻһ˵ҽղȥЩͳɣǶ÷ˣ߶֣ұҪ˵˵
߬硣

½ﰲ÷û뵽ʹһģҲʼֲ֢󲡵ˡ
ȥʱպҩûӪ
ⲡʤ֮СĽЩ
ĴŨصҩζ㿪ڵ½һҪȥ졣



109  109 
½걻ؾټº һֱΪľҲµĸ
ԼӪԸ ƺôڣ һſ˵һЩ˽¡
½࣬Ϊʲô£© ˵ ֽʳȥ
Ҳû˵ ˹ȥ̿ʺֽд֣Ҳ˺üֶ꣬Σ Ҳ֪ıæ
Ϧ£ Щ
½Ŀһ£û˵֣ ˼ʲô£ ԼûǸʱŵ˻
ӪҪ Ҳڴ˾Ĵ飬 ҽ Ҳ۹ȡһƴ ˺ȣʱѾãǵöһ£֪ɡ
½ͷֽ֡Ҫһλ˽Ӫҽεĺȥ־ͽ顣
½ƽղעӪ£ԵҲ˽⣬Ϥ֣̽һ䣺ǻʺ
ӱãмƣǡҽҿϴšǰգ磬һС£ﲡ۵ýͷˣպл
½ǰɻôͻȻҪҲףȴûôչˣصǰԸ
Ǵˣʵ²ʣӦǣӦչ˺ӻ硣
㳯л
½뿪ȥһӻӪʡ
ӻЩ֪֪֮ڵӲ̫ۣ̬ǿӲûȥֻ˽˼Ƭ̣õķԼ״ǣҩ
Щߺվſڿ
ӻո£ںڳǰ̧ͷͿ
ڷǰҩϵٶڹ۲ɫ
ӻղź˵˵ȰˣֻһúôţĶȥȻ뿪ˣҲ֪ȥġ
Ϸ֪л˵ȥҩ
䣬һ۲ֱͦԽгӵվſڣҪˡ
ӻͷеҩƵһҩ˵֪㵣ӣҺôǴѾ㣬ԲԼķִ硣ҽѾԼһףֻʱ䣬ļЧԣҾпɣҷģʮ֮ڱسЧ
㵭ҵ˫۾ӻ΢΢ܿ˵ǲҪӣϸϲɱ߷С£־ᶨױЩٻƭӶ׷ӪֵֵΣҲۡ
ıƶ࣬ӦǿóʲôʲôѾǰһҲֻƾԼӵ˽˵Щ
ȴûٻֱת뿪
ӻͷһֱĮ԰ģǰһʱƢʱʱȻĴŭ
̾㱻ǣƵԽãµ־ͻԽݣ߶¶ʲô

ӻϢһ֮Ϳʼæ½󲡳ڼһЩСۣżȰȥúϢ
߸΢Ƥӻܻǵĺ⡣
òѾǰƣ½ھǼòֻ࣬죬һ˵Լıãģʲô
ǷԼ
û취ı䣬˵⣬Ҳûʲôġ
ӻȻϱ׼صʿɴ䣬ҩʱҲ±ȴǰҪɫʱҲи˵һĸо
ƵҩӪãЩ㣬ʱں֮඾ҩĸãӻ߶͸ˣҩ֮רŸ˱Ƶȥ
ĴԾҪѬҩݣʱδ꣬˷ʱʹʱӻÿζҪ侲Ӧԡ
Ψһĵģ㡣
ǰִ˼ʤ̣׽ͽΪͻƣͻʼƻ͵Ϯ֮գһ壬ֱۣһΣ㱻ֵ֮նȥͽͷ­Чȣס˼ˡ
Ϸ˾ӱСϢÿ춼ӻ˵䡣
ϣݺýţ˯Ϸ˵ǰЩץͻʴ󽫾ʱ˺һ
ӻʱ֪ϡ
ϷԱߵСϷ·˵˵žû˶̧ͷʣôˣ
ӻ绺ع̧ḧ첲ҡͷ˵½Ŵʤ̣ҲиϷˣʱ䲻ˣϢ绹Ҫ߶βˡ
͵Ľʿʱһֱ˶ǰﶼǴŮӽ
ӻ̽ӣһ֮вûԾͻɵϣʱѾͻӪ֮С
֪̽ݣҴӳӪʣӻȥʱȶˣ˳
ϧӳʼûкĸţ׽֮˶սɱ֮Уܶûӹһ磬ưôҹ׷
ǸͣΪΣ˵ٶȲ죬ÿһֶجΣѪʱڵϵ顣
ӻԸΪͻ˻ǿ־ġ
Ϸ˲֪ӻʲôԸܵӻ粻̫Ծ
Դϴ뿪󣬾ûٹϷôٶҲµˣΪӻڵ㣬һӻ˵仰̧ͷͿӻ׼˯ˣֻðѻʻض
ҹƮϸ꣬Ӫʶϣδ졣
Ϸ˰ۣ˯ú죬ӻ˯ţԼ״õ˶ٵӣֵطھӺݣǰҲԸ
ǸѰҹû˴ƿŵĻ
ӻ߬ǰ˭
ǸߴˣҹڣʲôϺʪˣֻһ¡ӻ߬ЩĬԣһ仰û˵ǰ⵱ԼһֱӾͽʪĿ׺·ľϡ
ӻһʱ㶡ֱ̧ĨϵˮڴѥйɵĺƺǸ·ġ
ôˣӻ½ǰҪȥͷߵҹϸ಻
ѹָղŰ㶯ûУһȦİµģҲûˡ
ֻˣ˯
ӻһ٣΢΢ջأó㻰еӲ
Ҳʱ򲻸а̾һҲûٶ˵ˣóո˯ůıѡǵ˵ģ㼷еǲס
ӻ¶棬ԼҪŵ˯ȥ±ӳϷһ˯žͺѣҲűˡ
һкֱӾ˯ҪǽϷˣҲÿ
ԱŲŲ㳤ͻȻס
ûֱӻĽŴĽűʶ
û˶§ڻ



110  110 
ҹ˾ ˮδֻѲ·ȵ֦ĽŲ
ӻ§סŵ㻳תӣ ϵڡ
µһƬӰ ӻͷϣ΢ֱ֧ۣͷȥĲ
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ӻ类°ðĺһ£ ܵõķӦ ſϣ§סĲӣ ˵治ҹߣ Ѿת ҹƺܿͻá
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ݣ Ĳ㲻ң Ҳûá
ס ֽѹڴϣӻ½ɢҿ̧ȥЦ˵þû㣬 Ҳ֪ûˣ  Ǻúõġ
УƵģӻ治̫Ҫã̾һ˵һǰ£Сʱ򾭳ң۾Ͽҳ¾ҽдκͱСһ㻹ҡ
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˵ñӣڱﹰ˹һߣ˫ȼסӻ磬Ҳû
ӻ̧§סС˵ΣεӮͻʣ⣬û˲㣬Ҷ˵޵Уſġ
սܲţһ㡣
ˣ㿿˵½˴ϢңͻʽĵʱѾ࣬Ǹֶ֣ұǸۡ
вûпӻֻǱžͻİȫУͷţʳһ䣺ôץĶɲͨˡ
㸧ĳż֮ץģǱƺӣұɱˣ־պãڴС
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