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ò谲˴ߣڶ죬⺢ӶҶϷ޲ܾʹҲСƨ
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ʱ·ߵһ곤̵СҡˣΪõԼϲĶˣʱСһ
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ѾˣҶϷ绹ȥȷʵܵģֱӽȥһ֮ɵĺһʱ֮ˬ̫㣬Ҳֻصͷȥ

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ϵϣһ̽Ǻģʺϴ׵üµۡ
ֳҽ̫˵һҶϳҲδӮңʶӽһֻϺõëʣ㿴ɺÿ
һǰСкĻϲ꣬һľϻӣıģɷǿɰرһ˫ԲĴ۾ʱͻ̲סٺһ㡣
ܵüˣСɹĶͷð˲ٺ飬СϺ˵ġ
֮˶˶һ˫۵СΪ˵飬ۿһ̫λãſʵһ˾кӣֻ̫ˣ˲ɵú̫͡ѽƫʱڣһ磬յͷⲻеҲƱˡ
ٿǸѾҪܵǰСһε̾˿üġ
ЩߣĪҪˤˡȷʵÿ
ǸССӰûнŲԽˣҶϷŵüͷˣǸСˤڵأʱٲҪЩǷ
齣ߵСͯǰëëģǽĸ׿ˣָˡ
С⣬Ӳ۾ȴûΪ仰ȻŴ۾ҶϷ磬ҶϷĻں̻ض
ˣԺСЩˣĪҪĸ׿ȻҶҪڽˡ
뵽⣬ҶϷüͷøʵЩլܹᵽһƫƧСԺȥ˼徻ܱܿ鷳ǰɰСˡ
ǰ谲ıҪˣԼɾͳˡ
Ѿ˵ԵҶȴİڰСֳ֣ûȥѧʶҽ֧ӮֳϣֳܹЩһȥѧ
ûҶϷ羹ȻˣսڵĶû죬ȻȾϷ纮ˣÿȵ˺ѷΣǲҪƵҶϷˡ
ҶϷ磺ˣұˡ
Ҷͷšֻ۾ִ
ҶϷ֧ȻǼõģǱȲģȻΪܵܵһƬ⣬ȻǱѰ
ҶȻʱܶ˶磬ȻȴһֻϲϲŪīƤǽߣ͹ѧŪ췭ظ
ҶӮһֻëʣʵסҶϳа࣬ǿǾ̫ܵ佱ʶ֪ҶҪӮ֧жѡ
ʱҶϷоһϸϸů⣬ҶϷԺ֮ҪҲᰵ׷Ůɡ
Ҷɲ֪ԼֳΪ¶δϱЩھСһȴ佱ĽС顣
ҶϷ翴ЩЦȻڻֻǸӣʶСİ۵İЦȻ´μŬ
⻰ССҶ￪ĵĲУĵͷֳģһģһҪ̫͸ҶϳĽֳ 
ҶϷСЩͽԴˡȻ⺢ܹ̫͸ҶϳĶʱҲôӵġ
ҶϷЦŵͷֳ㣬ȥԼԺӰɣˣСĲ㣬ĸ֪ˣ´οɲˡ
ֻҪᵽĸ֣СͣצĶԹԾͷ
Ҷ⻰ոջɷЦʱһĺͲԸ
ҶϷȴɿƵСı顣
ۿԼֳĲԼԷˣҶֻһͷ߳ҶϷСԺ
ʵûϣˣСйͻȻʲôֳ
ҶϷ̧ۿͿСཱུСֳԼͣͷҡֻϧΪͳ̫ʶͷ̵ֻܶһ֣ҡҡһ͸Һ壺ˮ
ҶϷ翴ʵ̲סЦڸȾ纮߹ΧҲֹסЦҶϷԼͣȴ㣬ͣ
Ҷ⿴Լֳ߹۵춼ѿˣȻЦͣȻ˵С⣬ԼĿҲǴﵽˣʶҲСˡ
ǶֳһСͷ˭ʱԼǺܼǳġ
ҶϷ绹һЦøͣøոսСԺ޹һһģԼҹӷʲô裬رǿ߹ΧԭۣڻЦǵжۣ
޹ǿʲҶǴӣ´˿ЦģҲҶϷö١
ڶ죬Ҷѧ󣬴СҶϷ磬һҶϷͲ࣬ʮҵӣҶϷȣһҶ£ӣҶİֵҶϷ硣
Ϊ˿ˣҶڵֳһͬԷĲУСüɫ裬ҶϷ簵ԺЦ
ڼ䣬Ϊ˶ǼϤ֮ˣʶûʳԵЩأĵû죬ѯҶϷĲ飬ҪúὫÿѧҶ¿γ̡
ȵĸֻӣֻƾԼŬ츳ھ£ֻΪӵ֮µһˡȵȻûĸ߹󣬿˵ĶţѾԿ䳤󽫻һѹӡ
ҶϷȻһл극ʱѧҵˣȻҶϷԺһϴͨ졣
ƲѾӰֻʣڵƶ䣬ҶϷҶֵ
ҶϷ˽ʮ죬ںˣһС͹ѧ
ʱߵϼŸո¶ͷ­ӲӵĹâƵء
ҶϷʱŸϴãСö֮ţ滹ڲ
˵СƨͼææʰͶûüԣ͹ˣֻװš
ҶϷֻԸٸЩģһȥѧСʱĵķҲһۡ
ҶϷ簵ҡͷúܺЦȴû˵ԹԵԺܲ˳Ҫʼϰ䣬˽Ūá
ԺҪʼѧʦڼϰ䣬ѧ֮ǰһʱϳʱ֮һʱϰʱ䡣
Ҷ⻹ûԺȻϰ䣬ҶϷһԭҲʱͣϰΡҪôҪһհҲʱʼǰѧˣʶҶϷ纮պã⿪ʼ塣
Ҷ굮һʱ谲ָѧΣҶҲҪʼѧΣҲûɾܾ
⣬ǡ޹ȥԷҶϷòͣҶСѿȲسҶϷ֣һֻСﻹſӡ

ѧϲԶ

ҶϷһ綼̫ġذжȹֻҪǻش⣬ҶϷ϶ǵһ㵽ģ̫Ի֮ʮһδѧ˵ȻѧҵȴҲ£Ϸ˾ǼЩж֮⡣
֮ҶϷ֣谲ʱȡڹѧʱ̫ƺ
ݵλ֮˱еģѧѧʮԺû֣ΪƲ𣬶ڻʼѧԺԺҪӵԼ֣ǼûȡģֻҪʦۣʱ̫ͻȡ
ҶϷ⼸ȷʵǿˣΪƽʱ˿飬¿ʮһͻֻԣе˻ϷƽʱҪֲҶСƨһ㣬һ췭ǽߣΪֻÿˡ
ȻνĿ飬ȴ̫ʵЩһЩ飬ʷ£ȵȣ֮ܶȫ޹ء
ҺãСʱүүҲ˲ٹ徭֮飬Ӧһ¡
ԭΪϢȻˣһˣ󻹸Űȣ˲ţҲ˵;ķ羰
˴ǻʼѧԺһשһֳ߽ʼҵݳ󣬽µʯ·ŵĻʼѧԺ·߸ֻݲݣľȻΪ࣬ҶϷڵĲʮ岽·ͻһꡣ
ɫдסۺ졢ϡϺȣγ״еꡢꡢذ꼸֣һȥĿ
ľΪȫ¼ܿӰӣʼйصĵطΪ
ڳ緹µԺߣǵʧΪһ£͵ø֮Уֻϧõ⾳Ҳվܳ档
ʯ̾ͶɵС·ϣʱʱ˵һ仰һ˰£һ£ԺлľԶԶȥѵһ
ֻϧ֮ǧǧܹ͵֮ǰڲ֮УȴҲͨˣͨĻľˡ
ӣūҵˣūȥүӴˣЩȥƣūŵζˣСӣʶֻҹˡ
ԶĹսǴһ˻ŻܹϴŴѲңҶϷǿӢۣ۾ˡ
谲ĳӣЩҲһӵĳν
ҶϷԣû֮ǰʧüͷһȣҶϷ·
ȿҶϷ磬߱ߵȻֻҪ㲻ߣǸܵ׼Ҫǻ⻹ɡ
ҶϷͷҲصص졣
ЦЦˡ
ΧǽսǴ˴ľȻû֮ǰֵܼһЩľԣһЩСȻ۶ľ£㶼ûȥΪԱ߻иʵľµȥ
ҶϷ绹û߽ͿԼƽʱɿɰĵܴܵʱһһСк˺һ𣬴ʱǹɶµĵܵкϡԱ߻мСƨҲڵȻ죬ò֡
ÿͷѾɢģϻи࣬ϵӸǱףԼСƨ΢õ㣬ò
Ա߻мļٵˣĸ˴µĺӣϱ鲻һ
ҶϷ缸һߵСƨߣӸ£ס֣⡣
Ҷ˺˲佩ӲˣͻȻƵģƽʱɰ۵İСҲһɫӡǡ
һҶϷɫˣٴγҽס֡
䣬ϵıƱסˣûκԱߵ˶ɻͻȻô䡣
Ҷԣ˵ϵһۣط֣漴վ͵͵һֳûκαҪȥװίС˼˲ûˣ̹ؾصվá
ϵۿûѹˣһӵ˲ѾվõҶǰ棬ۿȭͷҪҶϡͻȻҶоԼСֱ˽ס̧һ˫۾
˫ʲôûУһƬ˿һ۾͸оȫѪҺֹͣ
Ҷһ˲佩ӲԭأٲҶ
ӻ顣Ҷֻһ仰ʶؾɵؾ֣ͣƤСַ
Ҷ廹ûзӦ֮ǰҶϷһſεСԼĵܵ뿪ֳԱߵҲһ˳û뿪ˡ
֮ǰҶϷ˵һ䣺кҪҡҲ뿪ˡ
ҶֻСƵĹԹԸԼֳԼϢ᷿ҶϷţһ۴ʱɵĵܵܣͷһ޾ɵģ
ҶϷ绺ڣ¡
Ҷǹɵ£ӣ￴ó֮ǰڻϴӢη
һ˽һɫСƿùŵҶϷУ۾ҶϷǺ޸۾һ仰Ҳ˵˳ȥ֮ǰعϣ漸˫۾
һʱ֮䣬ʣֵܰЩ¡
Ҷ̧СԴԼֳȴֳҲûŴ⣬֪ڿЩʲô
Ҷ⿴ȥ˼ʲôҲûУֳôˡ
Сػֳ
ҶϷתͷӵһ˲ŵҶ⻰˵ڣæŻŵصͷ
ҶϷ˿ѹĪķŭԷʡԼ˴ΪçײȴڣΣСƨԼϵĵܵܣˣȻҪȥֻСƨ̫ˡ
һֱиͣⷳƵʱֻ֣˸ӷ꣬ôӣӰ첻ڰ֡
Ҷ׳ŵӣСسһҶϷɫ䣬Բ۾ҶϷ硣
ҶϷ翴ȴΪӻǻʱƣʱ˴ʱôҲʱһ£ô˶Ÿɣ˼ǻʵۣȻĸݲߣҲǻʵ۵֣ܲ˵˴˻Ǻñ¡
ҶǵӣĸֻһݵµĹŮȻʱѾĸƾӹ꣬ҲǷˣȻڹеĵλȴӶҪͣҲһģλȻûжӸߣȴҲвٰߡ
ȻҲǻʵ۵ĶӣʵۿҶֶӺ۰ԼĶӣ⼸谲ӴĸûеĲǵûʵ۲¼ʵ㡣
ҶϷ粻ǸүеƣϾ˻ͦģʼҲ֮ж˻ţվãȻȻ֪еķգȴҪرʵ۲¼ɣҶϷЩס
谲ԻλȤҲޣֻڷ绨ѩ£ȻһĸϻСöҪ͵͵ҶϷ²ôһɽڡ
벻ףҶϷԲ룬ȽС˵ǸϵҲܲţֻҪԷ²ᴥ棬Ҳν
ҶϷվһɿɰҶ⣬ƽʱܹˮСʱףǵĵطƤһڵϵİӡ
ҶϷʣΪδܣ

̵зֳ

Ҷԣһ֪Ƕ㲻ˣֻҪֺõĲԣʵʵĽǰ˵
ԭҶΪȣȥҶϷ磬ҶϷ͢ȥ;ҶСƨҲҪԼİȥ;ֻСƨʲô;
ǣ䰮;ͱ֣˾ȥ׽һ·̫ڹѧϢסԶ
û׽ס̫Ϣ֮˾Ҫ뿪ˣһֻúֵĳӡ
Ҷ˵˳泤úڲͬͨѩףͷϻ룬ԲġǣСƨҪ׽
ǡʱӴ༸ҲˣСƨ˵⼸׽Ū̫ģ̫ӳǧġ飬Ź̫¡
ѧеļλ̫ΪȺӻﳳ֣ʶϢ֮ƫƧĵطɻǱ˵ˡ
·꣬ߵСүҲֻһĳӣȻ˾ͳӵĹ۲ݣʹˡ
ҶϷ꣬þԣһȺСƨôҪһֻӵĹȨȴûʹ˼ҳԸԸ⣬Լȴˡ
رСƨԼҶſºԺ㵸ʱĳ
ҶϷʵڿȥˣ޴ĺԼĵܵܣҲ̫˰ɣһˮȥȻֻõˣ
ԣСƨղŻüɫжСƨ㵸֣룬Сδ
ҶϷ쬵ؿһۣ˵Ļ޵ݣ谲ӣүǶȻΪһ׽ӵ¶˷ִ󻹴Ӯ֮ȴԼΪʲôܣԼʤﱻ˳û߶֪˼ҫҿû޴ĵܵܡ
ΪҶϷ뿪ʱ򣬸պÿԱһССһֱͨ͸׵ĳӣ±˷֣ͷԵģҶϷע⵽
ҶϷ治֪ԼܵȱܹȱλԼô
ҶԭЩ˵ʱһƣͷɥģֻɥȮûСȮ
ί߷ߣ˵һ仰
ҶϷ翴ǲҲ̶õС̾˿
Ҷ⿴һֳԻı飬Цؽһֳ
ȴҲ˳ǵˡ
ҶϷʵڲԼĵܵܡ
ֱӽǰҩ࣬۵СƨһһģȴӲûҷΪֳġ
ҶϷҩ˵˵˵˴δˡʱµҲࡣ
Ҷ룬Ųȷʣ˴ܣʧǷȡ
ҶϷ룬ŴΰôССƨ֪Ƿˣȴ˵ǣ롣
ҶЩɻ󣬾Ȼÿ˴ܣĸĸ˵仰ǰֳҲ˵˴ܣǽ˶ŹŽ鱾ｲ⣬ֳ

Сʱǲ⣬ʾ֭룬˵һ𰸣Ϊһֻ˴ܣ
ҶϷֱӷ񶨣Ҳ
С룬ٵֳ벻ͬʱֻԲĴ۾ҶϷ硣
ҶϷ͵ԼϹӣͷҲ̧һ£ϵĶϣаɫСƿװҩС˴㲻ˣֻ˵Լ롣
ҶСԴֻü룬ЩȷѵڴӮ֮Ҫǵýֻû
⻰˵ҶĲѣ⻰ҲֻǸֳ֮ǰǾ޵ݵĻƶϳģԼ˵ĲС
û뵽ԼֳȻ˵ͷһ㣬
ҶСЩ죬ǲžȻΪԭ˳˼·ȥָӲȷҪҲΪһֱ˷ִ
ҶϷ̧ͷԼһûɵȥĵܵܣĵͷʵɻ뵽Լ
ҶСԴҲͣҡڣæ˵벻ˡ
ǣҶϷ翪ʼؽ̵ǿԼܵܵСƨȣΪһֻӶ˷ִȥ˻ָָ㣬ؼȥᱻ
Σڴ֮ǰҪԼΪʲôҪܣ֮ԼҪЩ鷳ԼǷܹܵסҪһˣҪǸ˴´ҲԼ֣Ӯ֮󣬲ܽԼİѱڱȻΪһֻӶִǾҪֻӷԼƿ֮ڡ
ҶϷ翴һ۹ԹһȻ״ĵܵܣ⣬ּ˵ҪһǣܵʱҪѡһ˭Ҳܲ˵ĵط̫Ϣ֮ܣǾ̫ôֻаķݣҲҿ̫类Ͻȥûд˽ԴܶŹ
Ҷԣ˵ĵͷ۳ݵؿֳһֳ̣СԺе˲ΰ׶Ȳϡ
Ҳ֪ҶϷ˽£ҶԺ᳤ʲô
ϺҩܵܣҶϷԼϢһ۰Ͱ͵ĿԼĵܵܵúϢҲҪȥϢˡ
Ҷ˲СͿɥίͰͻֳ
ҶϷ翴Ҳһֱۣʵк£
Ҷ⣺
Ϊֳôġ
𻰣ҶϷ΢תͷٴʵк£
Ҷȿһֳ֪ʱǺ̬ȣϱҲΣֻ̽ŵۣգֳĪҪȥˣֳ˯
Ҷ룬¿˵ˣÿĸ׻ֳ˯谲ӣʱҪֳһ˯Ҳͦġ
ҶϷɵؿСƨһۣ˫Բ۾һգգؿЩҲ̶õˣȷʵЩ
ҶϷɴʣΪҪ˯Ҽǵÿ֮󣬻ӲҪһ˯Ҳϲͬ˯һ齡
Ȼֳûȷ˵ͬ⣬ȴҲû˵ԣҶ֪ǴӦˣҲſ࣬ÿֳĸһ˯
ҶϷ磺
СƨʲôҪʲôȴҸĸ˵ˡ
Ͻ˯ҶϷ漴־˯ʱѹȻܵġ
ҶϷɵĵƤܵСװͷ
Ǳ̫֪ˣÿ˱һǧģĵܻܵؼұ갲ѵ˺ܾá
ڶѧǡ谲磬㿼ֵѧҵ
谲Ҷʣһɫų۽룬ͷϴһʯڣŵĽɫҲǶżƷϵŽ˿ƽۡ
˴ûзǸհ칫ҲʮģӵĴ껪ͨȸ߹ׯЩǵЦƹϣ˵һӵܵģ
ҶϷչأҶ⵹ǿһҲѾؾ͹˹أҲҶϷ¶ģڻûܹ֮ǰҪ
ϣլԺһطûźҹĵٶ෴ȥȰ֡
Ҽһ˵ƣһյյƹ۳ɾǵ˼羰谲ΪլԺǱ˼ҸЩĵƻɻԻ͵װøӸׯϡ
Թ谲Ҷֵֽе鷿̸ҶϷ翴谲黹ãûԼҪԺӣҪһƫƧĵطѧϰ
Ҷ룬Ҳ˴˴ҶϷطЩǿöطҲȷʵ費٣ʶûɶãӦˣ˵ǰԺƫƧԺӾǼѡҶϷѡϵһԺӡ
ҶۼֳԺӣҲһȺŮӴںԺҲҪԺֳһѧϰ
ҶʵûԥľʹӦˣҶ˷ǳҫƵĳҶϷգգۣҶϷû
ҶֳƺԼЩģԴͻȻһ⣺Ȼֳֳʱʱ̸̿һദʱ䳤ˣֳȻˡ
ҶϷ֪ΪһҶ뷨̱ҲԼЦֻϧҶϷ粢֪

Ҳ

ҶϷ翴Сƨת۾֪⣬ΪÿʲôʱǴʱ⸱ģǲ֪СƨҪʲô
Ȼ֪˻⣬ҶϷɲ͵֪ŵͦñֱԷСƨű
ҶҲʧ䣬ԼĸҲҪᵽǰԺֳһѧϰҶһںԺһʱҲҲˣʶѧϰĶûС
ҶҲûѿڶãԺֳúѧϰΪȥĸ˵ǡѧҽΪʰһԺӣҪĸԺӱΪ˵
ҶС⻰˻ˣǰ㲻ϲѧϰһ쵽ܣŪüɹھȻ֪Ҫúѧϰ
Ҷ⿴һֳȻޱ飬ͷźÿθտʼʱܿȥǿһͿȥˣųȥ档
ҶʿüͷĶӣˬһЦкѣȻҪúѧҪ͵סįˣֳһѧϰֳල㣬СӾͲ͵ˡ
˵̲סСӵͷ˳С
Ҷ⣺
ҶⲻԸˣͷԣֳģ˶
㲻ҵ룬ֲԺҲ󡣡
ҶЩЦǺȥһѣסˣʵ㸸㶼ΪģΪα㲻󣿡
Ҷһʱ֮Ҳɣֻýߣǲ󡣡ǴңֻҪֳһ˴棬ҸֳĽҶв
Ҷʣ
ȻҵĶӣҲʱɡ
ҶʣãˣԺֻͷΣ
Ҷ룬ֳҲͷҪطҲУֻͷȻЩԲϲֳʶֻܶԲˡ
ǣҶЦȻԣԺҲͷ
Ҷʣ
˵ԺֻҶӵͷ⻹Ҷӡ
ɣɷ߸˭
Ҷԣ͵͵һֳֳǲ˵ģֳԡ
˵գתЦӯӯؿҶϷ磬۾ģǿɰϲˡ
ҶϷúЦǱϷ
Ҷ˲Լλѵĸ칫ĺҹԼӵ𣿡
Ҷ⿴˿ĸһۣٿֳᶨҡͷҵͷ
ҶʿҶϷ磬ίظҶϷ磬㿴Ϊ㣬ұԼˣȻ밢˵˵ҲΪͷǶΪĲΣ
Ҷ⿴ĵطҶϷգգۣ˼ҪҶϷһ𶺶Ҷ⡣
ҶϷ磺
ҶϷԸӺֻ뿴Ϸѣֲɵӣ￴Լ֮ںһ䡣
ǸĶӣϷ㲻ˣ밢ʡ
ҶԼֳ⻰۾ðǣԼܵĪĹ
ҶʧؿԼСӣ⣬ֳǱˣ
Ҷϳҡҡͷ˵ûбֳһֱˣֻжҲһ
Ҷ´һ飬ƺЩţΪҿĲһҿ𡣡
Ҷ¿ɲˣΪԹؿԼֳһֳۣǲƱֳ˵ˣ
ҶϷЩЦǡ
Ҷʿŵҡͷ̾į谲ȻˣӶҡ
ҶϷݹˣҶ⿴ԼҸģҪβ
Ҷ⿴ֳֺõЦԺֳʱҸ档
ҶʸɴС㲻ϵ
˵ԼҶӵͷ
ҶϷ翴ŸӶϣЩֱӣ谲һ׵ˣȻ۸ԼӣҪҪˡ
ҶСҵڸˣתԼĴӣͰ͵磬Ҫǵ밢Ҹ档
ҶϷ磺
һ׵ˣ
ǣ治ԼףҲ㲻ҶϷЩϣʵ˺ܲԼΪǰ󲻵õ뿪ʼ
ҶЦɵģ۾гһˡ
Ҷ⣺Ҿֳ׾ʹӦ˲ţҪһ˼㿴Σ
ҶʿСӽСﲻ֪Сʲô⣬ǺĴСһۣͦ
Ҷ⣺
汿
Ǹ˵ġҶŬСһҾҪЧලֳķʽֳסһԺҼǵ̫˵'ˮ¥̨ȵ'ֳǸұܹúüලֳ
ҶֱӺܲӵЦͣҲͣ
ҶϷЩڣǵ׵
Ҷⲻ֪Լ˵ˣΪʼӵܣƤǹ˵ģҲǺҪģԼˣСǸģСӡ
ҶҶϷֵܾͿԼ治֪˴һЦôô͡
ҶżȻЦоԼӺϿҪûˣʶٽʣ໹ûЦЦȥֱ壬Ӣ
⿴Ͽκܲ棬֪'ˮ¥̨ȵ'Ǻ˼ãֳǺ⡣
ò˵ûз񾭵ҶʻǺһ׵ӵġ
ҶϷ磺'ˮ¥̨ȵ'˼ˮߵ¥̨ȵõ¹⣬ڽӽĳЩ˻ȵõĳһ'ľΪ'֮Ĺϵʱá
ҶⲻΪβãҶϷָֻΪβá
Ҷ˵֪ˣȴΪ⣬ȻԼǾʵġȴֳĳֶһ㣬ֳȻġ
Ҷ⣺ǸǴӦˣ
Ҷ룺ҵĶӣҲԼԭĿġ
ҶûסһԼӵͷ˵һ䣺ҪֳĸԸû⡣
Ҷ⣺
⻰˵˲û˵𣿾Ϊ֪ĸͬ⣬Ҫȸ˵û뵽
ֳ
ҶܵҶϷߣҶϷֱҡҡֿͰ͵ֳ
ϵóβҶϷһĹȥ˹Ǹӡ
ҶϷ类ûƢֻ˵ԼľĸͬҲԡ
ͬʱﷳ겻ѣҪҾҪȰѲСƨСƨ춼첻ߣˡ
ҶԼҪĴ𰸣˵ȥ࣡һҶϷϣԼֳĸ첲¶С
ҶϷȴڷң彩ӲòУ˶ʮ꣬û׹ǰõʱճˣҲû׹һܱ
ĻĿˮĶԼϣҶϷؾԼȻᣬѵԼԽӶˣ
ҶʿԼҴȫסı飬еαװȫΪԼСӵһǶ֧飬࿪ˡ
Ϊһ֮ԼУȻʶشЦ
ԺҪͶ׽׽ΪС̫ˡ
ҶϷعͿԼǸһЦÿҪȥģڷвЦȻסӣͣҲͣҶϷȻغԼĸ
ҶϷ磺Ϊ谲ӣԺʧľٶУ֪𣿡
Ҷ⿴Լֳ֪Ϊʲô˾ֳᣬЩģȴҪԺУֳͬģҶֱʱһҪӦֳ
ǣҶԹԵشӦǣֳ
ӦҲ
ȻʼƤĺҶϷαʼȻûʶ

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յҹĲȻУǺ֮ϣɫҹղǳͬһƤĺӣһͷһͷȥ
ҫ£΢ĵƹСƵ赸һһģҪȺâյҫӡ
ҶϷչʱǲϰЩյ۵͵ƣҲȲյĽܵƣֻޣҲûа취
鷿˵ЦţѾ˵ˣǸֹͣ˵Ц
һ鷿߽һòˣ¹£ͷɻ󣬻ȹŽ˿ĵʺĿܵü续ĵۿʱЩ
ϵ֬ҲͿúģȻǾĴģҶϷ翴ױʵǳ˲ֱӣҶϷĺ²˵ʵ̫۾ˣЩλŮԣĨ˺죬һ죬ո˵ֽһ㡣
ҶϷǰԺԺܿŮʱ䵽һŮӹһҲϾһΪ˼ûʱЩ绨ѩ֮£ҲûһŮˣǽԭмŮӻһ飬ͳ׷뷨õһҲһѡ
ҶԼĸ˵뵽ʲôϹؾص񣬹˳ػӸĸ밲
ҶϷҲվ˵Ӹĸ밲ҶļԵԶ˲١
۾ֻƮƮһҶϷ磬ƿۣԼĶӺɷ˵ɡ
Ҷ⣺лĸ
ҶϷ磺лĸ
Ѿ߸һѾ߱ŵĺͲˮڷźá
Щ㣬Ӧ˰ɣǸӿЩЩӡ
Ǹ˱ΧҶ⻹˵һ䣺ĸһԡ۾Щεؿ
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ҶϷ磺
ظоƽʱĸ㻹ͦóԵġ
ҶϷϢس˸㣬ĵȣҶʱȴܸˣԷʱ˵ܹ븸ĸһԶҲҶ۵Сüɫ裬˵ú޲üëϼСԱĸˡ
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Ҷ˽ԼĸСԴ˲ԼĸɵãֻСè
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ˣĸǰȻֵĻȴתƴ档
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룬ڶԺûٱˣֻһӣǺȥѧУҲԽöӿ̹ؾصģҲ׽ˡ
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ҶоĸůָԼͷϣůġ
Ҷ⣺ĸѾˣٹ¾ĵҪԺֳסһѧϰĸģ¸ѾͬˣĸӦҿɺã
ӵͷֶ˶٣ҶһۣԼɷĹʱǿǾͶִۣӵͷȴû˵
Ҷ̧СԴϣؿԼĸ䣬ĸ
ֱǷ·תתسҶϷЩЦ

ñЩεӲı˲٣һǸһֱͷ谲ӣŻعͷĿȫԼϡ
Ϊ뵽ԺҪϷһס
Ҷ⣺Ϊֳ춼ڿ飬˵ӺҪҵΪĶ֮ģĸҲʱҪҲѧϰסԼǻʼɶ˻ʼ棬̫˵ֳԸȣҲԼƽúѧϰҽĳɾͻͲ͡
֮⻰ͬʱ˳顣
Ҷ룺ҾȻ˵ֻ˲á
ҶϷ룺ֻ̫˵ǰ䣬ҲСƨڿֽ̫ץ˸ţижǾ̫û˵
֪ķֻ̰ζؿһҶʡ
ҶΪԼСӵĴ㣬ҲΪ˶ֵֻܹܺĬԼ˵⻰ʱεЦЦ
룬ŵȻ̫˵ˣԺϷúѧϰڰԺӣȥϷǻҪԼԺӣȻ֪ˣΪ谲ӵԺӶղ
Ҷ룺Ȼˡ
ҶȴЩˣҲ֪ĸòҲֻò鲻Ըصͷ
Ҷ⣺ǣĸ˵ˣѧȥѧãԺҲ׼ˣҺѧֱӴǰԺȥѧ
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ԣ㶣ѾԼλõĶӣǵճʱӣһתۣӾҪԺˡ
ЦЦɣҽ˸ʰԺӣȻغԺȥ˯
Ҷ͵͵һҶϷ磬֪ˣĸ
ҶϷЦĲУСƨΪԼܹ뿪ԺԸգָжơ
뵽Լ󳹵׶һСβͣͻȻЦˣǰпɶһ㣬ԼԺԼһѧϰǳҶϷͷƤ飬۽ֱ
ҶϷ̲סղôֻ˿ϷˣӦ˵仰һµģôҶСƨܹúĻҪһֱճ
Сƨ˽⣬Ī˵ֻ˵Ҫ˵ҪԺӣǿֻԸԺ˯Ҳ϶ԼԺӲߣʱ䳤ˣ϶ԼһԺӡ
ǰԺ鼴ΪҲûʸ֣ΪǰԺǼƹܣŮƹܵǺԺԹĹء
ҶϷ֮ǰԼһ⣬ô֮ſϷСƨҵԼⲻԼԼ
ȻҶϷźöôûˣˣѾİ嶨£ʱ죬ֻ»⵽˵ļǺޣʶҶϷֻԼ
ԭΪͬ⣬ŻᰲĿϷﻹһ谲
ЩƲٹ谲ʲô˵ĻҲٵÿ谲ĸü٣谲ϣͬ£һԸ⣬ҲԼһͬµɡ

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ڶѧҶȴвסҶϷճ緹㿴СԺ⣬СƨŹˣ棬лһЩʲô
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ҶϷ̧ۿһ۶룬뵽δܳʱ䶼ҪСƨһֱɧţֱΪֹбܲζ
ҶıԼֳǰֳеֳԺһصҲȻ߸߸˵ġ
Ҷ⣺ֳˡ
˵ճҶϷٺһЦҲҿԼֳʲô飬ܺÿˡ
֪飬Ҳ֪ٶǲԵġ
СظһȺƺƵָӵǽõĶֳȥȻõĶ޹һȥֳµԺ
Ӧǡ
ҶϷ磺
ҵԺӣͬ
ҶϷ̡̣
Һʱͬ㽫ҶϷʣĸ֪𣿡
Ҷͷʮĸ֪ȥĸԺȥĸԺĸ͸û𴲣ĸˡ
ģҶϷǿĿӺݺݴСƨƨϣ֪˭ҲҪϧ뷨ڻֻʱֻԺ룬ȴ벻ӦԵ
ҶϷü̲סնࡣ
޷˵ĸ㶨СƨΪ˳ʮ㣬Ǻһβͣ´ʱѾҪҡȥˡ
ҶϷ֪ԼǸ˸жôףԼ˶ҪٽֵܺദҲǹ˾ˡ
ҶϷµԼǱ˸ҪֵܺദΪԶ˼϶ȴ벻ΪǸô࣬Լ͵Ĵshang
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ҶϷ磺ȥɡ
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ֱ׵ľһɽСѲԼصģԺӣСƨô
С֪˻ΪԺӣǽһʮ㣬ԵֱҶϷ
СƨȻԺҫˣô뵽ԺԼԺﵽСƨӰֱ޿ײ꣬ҶϷ˲о޿޿̡
ʵ̲˵ҶϷԽ£Сƨ֣⣬
һֱԼֳӵҶ⣬ðǣرԼֳڴصֳ£
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ĹӺȴһమֵܣرЩ˺ӵ͸ĸѵܹĺг棬ʱĸԴ󷢣
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оԼֳҪˣǸϽػһֳ֮ǰͷˣֻҪֳֳҲܿġ
ҶϷ绹֪ԼĺõܵѾҵ˶ԸԼİ취һֳȷʵƢˣֻԼԼ̣ҧʣ£
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Ϊ˿ڼ򵥣ҲûЩҶ࣬ÿȥ밲Ҳĸһ÷ԼԼСԺþͿˣοҲϲӣܹǰȻὫ˷ǰԼ¡
ǣҶϷ˵ͦġ

ʧܵѰ

ĵطĪھǣɵûһˣģʯ·ϣһƬҶҲޣտյģԵмֻ
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ʱҶϷһǺ«һ˹ģһʨ˺һҶ״ˣߵȺ֮С
ǰһҶСƨıģȺ꣬ͺһֵСҰҶϷҲסֻøţﻹһҶϷģˣһɷߡ
ҶϷ翴Լģ˱СƨţоƤһأ˶ˡ
ʱСƨ۾һֱʱͲҪȥ㣬ȹǸС̯λҲУʱֱӲӣֻ߲ҪߵǸ̯λǰֻ֮ҪЩһΣΪԭ͵˴ʱͲСƨУԼʱҲܡ
ȥҶϷ磺⣬Ͻ꣬Ҫͷģɺͳ
ҶЩɻԼԲûʧΪβͳΪԱҲֻýǸֳģ˸ϽԵ
˵ʵڵģֳģˣĺܲóԵԭǽǸʦ֮͵͵ؼң뱻ֳˣʶֻóԵ
ҶϷ翴СƨԵٶҲǿһЩҲȷʵûͷˣֹֻĸоûʧȻںҶϷʵ۲ΪĲԣȥǰСƨӦҲ߶ɣ
˺Ҷû˿õĵطԼǰоÿһݺˣԼӺۺҳݡ
ǣҶϷҲܿ˿Χľ£Ҳһת۵ʱ䣬ͷСƨ߶ˡ
ҶϷﲻɵðԼﱧԹһǸ׵ĵȥ鷿˵Ҫѧǳ棬ѣͺֵܶˣڻܵŪˡ
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ֻҶӣԹԴһȺ˺棬ͺñúӲ
ҶҶϷһȥҶϷѾܳʱˣ˸к͹ѧطûȥҶ£ֵ˳ɹ˵Ҷǳȥ档
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ŻϣҴææʱԼСӵӰӶû֡
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ҶϷĽֵ˼ҶСƨȥĵط²Ҳϼӿ죬۾Ӳͬ˵ϿɨûпԼҺӾƵĵܵܡ
ҶϲʳиûȻܹĻƽʱȥѧ·;ᾭֵһҲЩֵĽֵȴȥҴңʶ̫ණСƨ˵Ȥġ
һʱҶϷҲ֪ȥңֻȥֵģǽֵϵʳȥ
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ҶϷ綢գСһεκˮûע⣬ΪСƨѾ˽һյ蹦ˣʱϵԽãҲĿԽ
ҶϷǰ漸ʳҲֱȥ¥Ҷʡ
ҶϷ紩Ⱥǰһùĸԡ
ͻȻСƨǰʱȥʱӵһ˵ǰһŹǼҸرóԣʱСƨʹá
ҶϷ翴ΧһȦûпСƨӰϰ壬ҶϷ罫Ҷһ£ΪСȶȴֻһ㣬ʶϰ嵱ʱ˸ۣע⵽ȷʵôһӣֻ⺢Ѿ˿һˡ
ҶϷϰעûעСʱĸߣϰЦе˵ǰֱߡ
ҶϷЦллϰ壬һ㣬ϰÿһ㣬֮ȥ谲Ǵлϰġ
ϰЦеӦϡ
ҶϷϽֵȥ
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ҶϷߣԶʲô
߽һһŻһȺվǿ׳ˡ
ҶϷ翴СϸջϵɫСۣ½ǱԵý˿˻ʹеĻơ
ʱǸŻΪԼ㣬ʹӶ࣬Сһֽӣ¶ЦݣСӣ㻹ܣ㻹ͦ͵ģ˱үĸ㻹ܣү㳢ŭүĺ
˵գݺѾˤڵصҶһţǻ񫣬׼ߵڶʱһ̺ŷŭס֡
ǻڿеĽŶʱסһͣڿУ˲ɣŲݾܾͰԵ˲òʶظ
һתֻһ˾ʱѾ嵽СǰסСһĸСļƣȴֻһСӡ
ΪոĽӲµһӵȻ޴棬ڷָոһŮ귢ģһԥΪĸȨƵĴ﷢ġ
һܣ˶꣬ȷʵһ˶ûС
꿴ϸߣһ°ɫСۣȴޱ飬۾ƶһ㶢վŵˣһɽһ㵲ڵǸǰ棬һ˲ѹϢ֮С
꿴ԷҲµĺӴһģûСӽʶʹ򣬿磬סģܸոٵ壬ȴ䲻Ϊ⣬һڽµСϡ
ֻϧûܵóѣ½СӣСӵ̧ס˻Ľţһȣһ䲻ŵ˵ڵء
Ҷһ㿪˻굹壬мؿһ˸ʺĻ꣬۰Ͱ͵ĿҶϷķ򣬺佱

Ů˾Ӣ

ͻıʣ˶ûܵһʱ䷴ӦӦԼүֱѾСһţϵĻͻȻ죬һš
Ҷһŵñ֮ҲɵֱҶϷķܡ
ЩʱҲûʱȥעȫһسڵϵ꿴ȥϴЩСºͲ
үоô
үţ
ү
߰˸ΧǸĿ¶еʺ˵⻰ȿֺϸűֹġ
Ѿһʯ·ϣЩĳªʯǻΪЩܹ˲죬졣ץסС֣Ҫ
ݱ䣬һҲһʮеӡ
ǣ߰˸˶ֲ֣һ˻꿴ĵطݺһۡ
ҶϷЩ˵ҶǰܣСƨһȳһյģҶϷ綼ҪһڶֻҲֻһ˲ĳ嶯뷨
ΪͻȻʶڵԼֻһĲƵСƺͬ˻Ҫϼ֣ôЩ׳ĳӴĿܾǱſ»ֱӴ
ڵ壬ǰѧ̵ܹ
ҶϷ統ϣ˶ڹעǸʱ򣬾Ҷ񱼣ܵÿĻֻҪһܿˡ
ȻҲпǻȣΪǻôˣһ˼˶Сģİˡ
İǶ̫ˣ
ҶϷھܵؼȺԺΪСƨ
ϲʲôˣȻѾ۸ͷϣ㲻ưոݡ
ҶϷ磺λүǰһֱиʣǾ˵ˤùʺǷʺȴû˸ҽ𣬽ռıݣҾԽҵʣʶλʺүɷ֪ˣΪָо
ʯ֮һѪںﲻϲ£ͨ졣
бٸ˵һ顣
ҶϷʾҶϽܣȻܻصѲɹʺүϲҸȡºţȻҪ˵һ飬˴³֮˵Ϊ
ʯࣺmaһʼ˵á
ʯֱࣺ֮ӣ֪Ҹ˭ү㲻ú
ҶϷ磺Ȼ׳ˣΪЩʱ䡣
ҶϷ磺ҵ֪˭֪ҵ˭
ʯһںҸ㣬ҵǵүҹùǹе˭ҺθɣʱҵȻ·
ҶϷ룺⻰Ϳ㵽ʱ֪ҵ˭֮ܲô
ǻ׹ľƴ洦ɼ
ҶϷȥҶ⣬Сֿ
һҶϷƻһӾ͵˵ĵط߹Լ״ô·͸о˫ȷõҶֻͷ󺹣۾ȴģ￴óܲ˵ӡ
Ҷ⣺ֳû°ɣ
ҶϷҧҧ¡ʵѾоҪվסˡ
׷ڿ񱼣Щǿ׳ǵһֵܵЩǿռ֮ǰȺүǶʱıˣֵͱץסˡ
ҶϷˣȥһҪϽ塣
ȻЩ̫ˣۿԼ˵ľԽԽҶϷ벻ﻹôӶԷֵѡ
ҶϷ룬ʵڲУҲֻԷƴˡ
Ҷ⿴ЩѾֻɵľ룬Źâֳô죿
ҶϷ磺ܡΪû۾ŵ˷ܣôСƨҪô˴ܡ
Ҷ⣺Ŷ
ԭΪֳʲôõļıܹƷЩˣû뵽ֳû뵽취Ҷ˲Щʧ䣬Լֳǧãܣֳ֪û취ˣЩˣ֪ͲֳɢҲȥЩˡ
ôܣڣЩ˻׷ˣֵ˶һŵЩˣ治
ۿҶϷܣֱͣվԭء
Ҷ⿴ֳͣˣҲͣ
ʯ౻˷ǰ棬ǰǱС̲סЦ
ǵǼܰôˣʯĿ¶׹⣬ǰ֪ߵغСӸ򣬼Ȼ˵ʲôʺ
ٷϻǹʺϻôࡣҶϷ俴ǰ꣬Щ˺ƵþˣΪûƢǺǵġ
ʯ沿Ť۾޲ɱҶϷ磬˺죬֪뵽ʲôֿҶϷ磬ŤЦ
˵ɣ˵һ䣬ӾжԱСӵһֻ첲жжģӵҪ˵پ䡣
ҶϷ磺ϻ
ҶǲؿһԼҿڳ໰ֳ⻰ȻԼǸºֳ˵ĻȣȻǰˣֳȻҲûʲôб飬ºҲ̫Զˡ
ҶҲŽһ䣺ǣģǲˣ
˵ջһԼֳ˼
ҶϷǳ˳飬Сƨ㻹棬Ҽŭʺүǹġ
ӦǺǳһģǸո˵໰оҲûʲôֻõûСƨ񣬼ĿĿŶһȺˡ
ʯȴҶǾ仰ˣŭֱӽֻҪ˰ڵ˺ǵ졣
ǣʯȵץסǣ򡣡Ǽ־һһĳģɼҶϷҶı컹Ǻܲġ
ˣǣү
ô˾Ŀ¶׹⳯Ŷ߹ȥ
ҶϷеվԭһҶȴʼЩˣ֮ǰߵһŵڻ۵ģοôˡ
ҶС֮֮ͨͨͣ
ҶϷѾ׼óݵ壬ÿʼӶеģ滹ֱÿֺһ֣ҶϷǡ硱Ҷһ⡱֡
ҪڵΪѾеʱóݵ壬ݺݴԷЩ޴ǡ
ھʱ˵ĵطûӵĸڣʺүȻҲûӣٻоȣҶĸ㶼뵽ٵû˵ٶ֣ɼӻû׻ֻ۾ҲϹģûСƨ·Թ
ҶϷе֬񶼱Сúģ׼óʱȴһŮЩϵס֡
Ȼû֮ǰҶϷһ˲˵ѹ󣬿Ҳ˿ơ
˶ķһȲŮˣζһܱȣһܿҲֻһˣΪ󻹸һ¶һСԴһСŮվǰ档
СŮ۵ʮֿɰҶϷٿԼܵܣûСƨɰЩСЩ
ʯүôôᣬߵﶼܿ㣬ôΧСӣôҪԶ٣㶪ˣ
ʯ˲߳ŭ۾СŮʲô£
СŮ˲䲻ˣߵԭ£۸ˣ͹ˣСˣԺšװ׺СָҶϷҶ⡣
ԵŮæҪ죬СС㣬һŮӼôܹ˵ֻԺĪ˵ˡ
СŮ¶Դͷ϶ͬװΣӦСŮѾߣҲСĵԼС䣬ʾ˵Сĵ㡣
ҶϷջе壬˿ҺòƴˣǼؿϷ
һԵҶҲͻȻֵһĻЩ棬ֳ濴ϷҲؼϷ
СŮͷС˵ǣ衣
СŮʯǵķ
ϽסԼҽҪµС㣬ʯʯүҼСС£˵ൣҼүֻһŮƽʱǽ˵ģжԲסʯүĵطүԵŰݷãʯү
ҶϷ⻰һλ˵жôͰͿһ¡
ⲻŮɰɣ
Ǻδأ
ҶϷ͵͵۲ԼҵܵܣȻԼҵܵ۾ֱմ˼Сòˡ
ѵŮ֮ıȻϵ
ͻȻ֮䣬ҶϷһ֮УܾԼĴײ˱ˣһԼҺԼĸԸģ˵ûطȥ
ǵһۣͱԵ·ҲűˣûϢ
ҶϷǱ޷ŪģĬĬջԼ۲Ϊ
Ǿר־ؿŮɣ治֪ôС㣬ôԵԭѵģ
Ҵ¹۲죬ҲûСõġ
ȴҶϷֱ׵ش۹⿴ûڣ̲סǸһ°ɫ۵ޱ֪꣬Լвûмˡ
ʯĻòУҲ£ΪةȥңֻܹãΪ飬ЩΪ顣
뵽⣬ʯֻĲ鲻ԸͷةˣҾȸˡ
˵գҴ񣬴һȺ˻ɥ֮Ȯˡ

нѵ

ҶϷʯʱȻջĿ⣬Щˣǰ񣬵նлСȣֵȥ˲鷳նԵŰݷãةฮֵܹܶæģȥ谲ǡ
ҶҲҶϷģ
ҶϷƳСƨͦģǰڻʵǰҲû˱׼ڵͦ׼ģŮ⻷Ȼ޵УŮһԡ
룬Сӣͦ͵ģôСѧṴŮˡ
ҶϷԽôһᣬʱ黹ԭѪҶϷҶһϿɣ˼ŮǺּ޹ŮĸоǺܲˬ
ҶϷˣڲûҶ⣬ҲãҪǣ˲Ŷ㣬޹Ů黹ʺϳڴʱ˿̡
ȴǾȻ谲Ӻ͹ӡȻǰվҶϷǰһҶϷ硣
ҶϷЦЦ
ɲ֪ոΪʲôԼҲ룬ɴʵոΪʲôһֱң
벻ԼСȻʳˣãҪֱӡҲ˸ղλӿСˣܹŵ˵
ҶϷ磺С㣬ֱܹʵ治֪ϲʲô
ϷʲʧˣֻϷСةฮС㣬СҵܵĻԼʶСĶ࿴˼ۣСˡ
ɵͷԭˣˡתҶ⣬ԭ谲ӣԺķ𣿡
ҶⱾԼֳ֮ǰһֱСܲˬС˵ԴСԺͲԼˣտʼÿСóֵǵøȫˣﲻˬҪȴͻȻԼһ˵ʲô
ǣģҶСǵͨ죬Ĵܹ˵
ҶСһصȷʵ谲ӣ⣬ֻҪ굮ʱȡ
ҶϷѣôͽԼȫˣȻ졣
˵ģŮӶţϧеκŮԶǺܱصģֻŮɵŻɡ
ҶϷϸ׵Ķˡ
ҶȴҶϷڷҵġ
ɵɴֻԲƯ۾⡱˼͵ܳȥʱСı˴ⱻһȳһգ⡭
ϽֹС㣬ӵе֣ɶ֮ȡЦ
ǵʥȡ¼м٣ԼС㻹ôȡЦǴʥ϶ǳЩʲô¾ͲˡûǰλЩѿɫ
ͷ˵ˣΧҶԣսԴԼδʲôҶ嶼ֱˣһĺһľ׮ӡ
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裺С㣬㿴Ӻ͹ӵ鷳ҲˣǻǿϽظЩȥϷˡˡү𡣡
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ͻȻյҶǰˣҪǵŶҿ㳤ͦÿģˡ
Ͻߣ
Ҷ⣺
޻˵ҶֻóĬûòļһ˵
ҶϷȴһĬĬпȻŮһԣЩ벻ͨԭΪʲôҪΪԼ׵ܵܵŮѹֻ䡣
ԼСѾ߳ȥԶˣֵվԭأҲ
ҶϷ֮ǰǱС˵˵ŮСʱ𣿻һ£ûУҲûᵽŮһʧȥСʱļ䣬ô£
벻𰸣ҶϷҲˣԼûϵⱲӲΪԼܵܵŮô
عҶ⻹ɵվţС˵ģ۵Ķ俴ȥرÿ
ﲻֹŮĺܺÿôöûع𣿿ûСƨÿ
Ů໥·
ǣҶԭЩߺ;ȵ飬ȻԼֳںһĵɢãȻؿֳ
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ȻҶϷ˵֣ϡȻ̧ǰߣҶһۡ
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ҶϷ翴ѵðСƨһʱ֮仹ЩӦ̲ס̰ԼŰˡ
һҶͻȻһ޸ɫϤΪԼˣͻȻܵҪ롣
˵˵һʧɢɡ
ҶС岻˶Сǿ仰жΪƵġ
Ҷ߶µҿһҺȤĵ꣬Ϊֳ󣬾͡Ҷҭһڿˮ͵͵һֳûʲôӦż˵ͽȥһ£㷢ֳˡ
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ҶϷȴûдֻĮ˵´ˡ
Ҷһ㶣ֳ˼ԺҲˣﻹкöȤĵطҪú档
ǣҶҲ˲ú£Ͻֳ֣ſǻֳұ֤ٷˣ㲻Ҫ߸ĸԺʲôģֳò
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ֻϧʲôСҶϷһҲϢСƨǰǶС̫ʶŻֳôһζҪԣʶ۾Ƥû̧һ£ҶһĮıӰ
Ҷһ£оȻã벻ʲô취ˣֻίίظϡ
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ҶϷ翴ǿɫֽŵĸ㣬һԵ֦ζó˱úܺã˱Χ׷Ḷ́ȻֻһǱĥһ֣ಿȻʮ
ҶϷ磺רܳȥĸ㣿
ҶĥĥСǡ
ҶϷ翴ǱŤСģЩЦȴǶһֳӣȻȥ㣬Ӧ࣬Ī˵ֻһ飿

ů

Ҷأھᵽ׸ô˵ܸЩԥһŵԭһУԭֻһʣĶֳǡ
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ҶϷЦСƨԼʳСƨԶ˻᳤ԺҪٳЩ
Ϊ˶ֳļӣҶϷŬװһȴݵģԼüˣһſ˵˵ô£Ѳ㲻ԼԸ⻰ʵСƨĻѻ̫ˣһơ
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ֳԣΪģ˵ҪֳԵϣֳܹԸϲ㣬ֳЩɡ
ҶϷʵڱЦÿ첻ˣΪСƨʱ˻˵ֻѻûʱȥСƨ˵ѻǲԵģΪͿﲻסˣǾԲСƨǰЦ
ǣҶϷֻûЦΪʳŶһ㽫鱻˾ıĸһҧȥһ飬ʹ׽ߵزСĲҭš
Ҷ̿ˮһҺֳûԼ̲סŽЩ㶼˵ġ
Ҷಽعɵظֳ۾ȴ̲ס
ˣҶϷڴСıЦ̻ʱ黹ѵóĴһ£һЩ˽⣬ԺʱҲܹռһϯ֮ء
ǣҶϷҶϷװĽֵСһ·ߵֻ̯ܰƶֵ
ҶϷСʶϾֵطκһ˶СҶϷ룬ȻһֳΪֳӦ￴һ
ɱȸֺܶ࣬һĿȻﲻСĽ˿ּۻ۵ֺһƬǸǱߵ屶ֹ
Ҷߵ۾ֱˣĶӦ˵һûмЩȴ
ҶϷ翴ӹʼûջȥ۾ǽŲҲҪ֪ЩĶÿ춼ڸЩɽɽ˽ĸСӵܵܡ
ҶһһǸȻЩϲȴûΪûǮ̫࣬Լòֳæ뷨ʱ롣
ҶϷȻҲֵУǿСƨ˺Զˣ۾ʱʱתȥǸ̵ľһʨ״ģ۾Ҳһ磬ֻǼ۸Щߡ
ŶˣҶϷΪҶ˵Щ֪ͣڱ棬·һЩ̯λʱҲʼ۸ǸľĺܶණҶϷ綼ʹۣСƨڴǸʨӵļ۸ֻϧҲʼ۸֮ߡ
ҶϷ翴ЩЦ㣬ôãʲôܣ
Ҷ˲˼ֳ⣬ʵʵؽԼĶĶر࣬Ҳر࣬Щ֡
ҶϷ磺ĶյʳסУ۸ȻЩߣҲԽ䵱ˮƽƽյȻ࣬ȴ㡣
Ҷⲻ֪ǲԼˣֳǾ仰Ľ˼ûʡ
ʱоֳԼЩӦһ⣬ҪԼ˽Щƶյ
ֳΪλ˵࣬ûͦģرȻ˸ǰûм
ǣŲʵƷҶⲻʣֳҾͦģһҲ࣬ҾҸϲ
ҶŸɾĿ⿴óĺɻҲȷʵϲϾСӶϲֵĵط
⣬ҶϷϵȴû̻ش⣬һ޹ϵһ⣺֪Ǻεط
Ҷҡҡͷ֪
ҶϷ磺˴ǼС
Ҷ֪ͨԻУҲԽ׶ˣԲҲסϵǡԻũԻΪУ񣬼֮׶ˣ
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ԭſôҲûõģдļоȻġ
Ҷ˲˼Ȥ
㿴ֻһ׵ĵطжԼͶģû˿ɹʹ㣬ոտǸľʨʱʱܺÿ֪ɵģ
Ҷ룬ҡҡͷɥ˵ҾǸʨӺܺÿҲ֪ɵġ
ҶϷСſڵҪɽȥһõľģɽϻܶΣգ˵ҰޣּĶݣȵȣÿһҪȻҪص̣գ뾭ʮĴĥ㿴ĳɾͣɻú棿
Ҷüͷ֪ˣֻıɽһǣǱȷʵܼࡣ
ҶԼ֡ſڵЩҶϷ翴뷨̧ͷϲ֪Щʲô㲻ҲбܣȻܵˣǱӦõģҪֻҪС
ҶЩֳȻ֪Լ뷨ֳܣȻ˵⻰ʲô˼˼ͺˡ
Ҷͷˣֳ
ҶϷЦЦױá׻ǼףֻҪױá
ʱԱһˣĸӣһԸĸĸЦеں棬ǣһıСкǰһԴãڼ϶ƣǸһ˿ò֡
ĸǣеСкں滶شţ㣬ǵȵҡϧĸţҲѲĸĴֻ֣ںżؽл
ǰ곯˸˵Ͳ㡣Ǽǰꡣ
곤ĽҲǿܵܿҪ޳ӣĵ˵ޣ㣬ȥǰóԵģòã
СкŲΪЦصͷá
գۼ䣬˾ͳ˺ãã֮С
ҶϷ翴СƨĽЩۣСļСŴһĻлع
Ҷ̧ͷֳ˵Щʲôԥһȴֻ˵ֳ˼𣿡
ҶϷһ˲䣬ŵͷӦš
Ҷ⣺ԺֳܻΪ磿
ҶϷﺬЦƴ紵ˮ棬һЦŵͷš
Ҷ⣺硣
ҶϷ磺š
Ҷ⣺硣
ҶϷš
Ҷ硣
ҶϷεڡ
Ҷ⣺硭
ҶϷǳ˳飬ô
Ҷ⿴ֳ񣬿ҲԼһκ硱һ˲䣬ֳһĻ㱣ΪֳȻҲԼһϲƺо˶׽˲١
Ҷ⻹ڼ硱ؽУҶϷͻȻһָоԼѲȫһȺĸڽУ뼦Ƥ񶼵һأϽͣͣĪĸҪС''ϲʲſǸʨӣ
ȻһᵽǸʨӣС۾ˣ˷ܵصͷ˵ϲ
ҶϷ翴Сһۣ΢ЦתСصǸľС̯ǰ
һ˲䣬Ҷоð

лʨ

ҶϷ磺ϰ壬ʨˣ֪۸ɷ̸̸
ϰԭֻǵͷľ񣬼ֵܶˣҲûжȥеɻ󣬺ͰЦ֪λСӳ۶٣
ҶϷΣ
ϰ´ʮСһֻۣԷϹǡôò΢ЦƲ⻹۵̫һ㡣
˶ãջϰЦλСӣۻϷ򶼲ҿˣϺóľ̶ɣ֪֮ǰۼΣ
ҶϷû˵ЦЦԼ˵ȥ
ϰ˵ʨһһʱ̣һǰ̺֮ҽмʮСӣ֮УСûԸ⻨ôǮ򣬹ʶһٽۣʮӸ˵ҪϷôҺڡ
ҶϷСʨӿóʱȷʵĵģϸ£ΩΩФҲϰԣͨѹ򣬸˼ҲôСʵǼҵ֮ܿϲʶҪģҵǾӸոպá
ϰ忴СССȴһҲ׺ƣһĿ˻ѲҲϨܹӶԷһʵ뷨
ɣ˸һˣָòͷϣܹƽа֣ΪΣ
ҶϷͷ𵽣ɽ
Ҷ⿴Ŀתһʱ䣬ֳȻʮСʨӱˣһӽô࣬۾ֱˡ
Ҷ⻳бϲСʨӣֳǮΪϴʮѾõֻʣ¶ˣҲʲôҪԭ
ҶϷֱһĽӣɰСĽǮҶʸֵܶǮʱСĶҶ⣬ҶϷϵġ
ҶϷ磺ϰ壬֪ҿûˡ
ϰҲɻˣλСӿ־Ȩ֮ҵĺӣСȴǮ֮¼ΪϤȷȻóȴĽӡ
ЩҲûйϵһʱ֮ȷʵûôǮеѰ졣
⣬ӣ˵ʵϷȷʵûôǮϷһ⣬ϷһöԭҪұȥģⲻûǮ˹ӣǸȥǿϣּۣǿϣϷȥǮΪΣ
ҶϷ翴ϰһۣϰ忴ȥҲʮӣһСƲֺüĿģЦԵúϡ
ҶϷ֪֪֪治֪ģĸƤڿҲʮС˼⣬ҪЩʲôʵײˡ
ϰҲҶϷԥ֪ǲģ˵ӷģȥΧѾʮˣҼϾеģҲ˲СĿڱҲʵˣΥҼ͵ǲģֻʵЩ⣬ʶûõС
ҶϷȴûΪ˵ⷬģҲûһھܾػģҲǲµģС˵ʱ֪ԭĸ߰һ˱ܹ㿪İȻһҶϷ֮ǰ̽ȷʵڡ
ҲΪ˵Ĵڣ¶ԭȻˣȻ֪ΪʲôԭˡĨĻ꣬˺ˡ
ҶϷ֪ϰ˵Ǻء
ϰԼСֺβסԵãȴѹüͣǿⱲӵĵ֮һذףɲһذףһѳľƵذסСӿ֪Ϊľ
ҶϷ翴ʱ򿴵Ȼ֪ģû˵˵Ҳ岻ȥ
ϰҲҶϷ˵ʲôҫԼǰذףľǱҪӲǿǧ֮һ㣬ҸģΪֻһСأʶҽһذס
ذ׿νҲΪҳľմѪǱ̷½ҩȻ̱жҵʱ̲Сĸ֣Һұ˽ҩȻȥүˡ
ҶϷ絫ЦҲ֪˵⻰˶٣Ҷ۾ѹϰϰ壬ذ׵棿ɷҲ۽磿
ϰˬһЦ޲ɣλСԵȡ
ǣϰ溰һؼһˣҿꡣ
һòŮͷҶϷҶһۣˬӦֻȥҿš
߻Զ಻ʮұõòʩвôһ̹ӣһȨ֮ҵĸˡ
ҶϷֻǿһ۱Ȼ۾ʱҶ⿴Ŀɿڴţͳôġ
ϰȻֵı飬ҶʧҲֻЦЦѰʲλǱӣԭǽ֮ˣΪʱһСľʶΪԸˬʿ£ȴš
ȢһֱίҪŬãȴҲϺõչ˼Ͼ֮໹æǱһࡣ
̸Լӣϰ˶ǺЦƻڻõʱ⡣
ϰҲǸˣȻСǰ˵Щ
漴ϰҲӦԼǰ˶ֻͯ˵ЩСӿЦЦϷһʱʧˡ
ҶϷҡҡͷ޷óϰԼӸܺãĸ븸һ
ҶЩɻĸ븸
óǸ鲢ã˶ټ棬ܻ֮ΪһС¶ܣʵڿá
Ȼֳ֪ΪҪƭˣԲֳ̨ˡ
ϰҲ֪ҶϷ˵Ǽٻ͵ĺĸȷʵҲֻиĸ׵ĸˣһҲɣڽ£ҿλСȷʵúܾϸҲܺãͲλСӵĸĸҲ̫

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˵ŻþһСԺſڣϰŴ󺰵ңһˡ
һЩűϸ˴ţл̽һСԴ˺ˡ
δų״򿪣СѾȲԼҵϸһæ˵ôôƤҪûס㣬ˤô죿
ϸ˻ԹĻȴûһ𱸵˼ﻹЦ⡣
ϸſԼСӣɻʣλǣ
ϰ屧ŶӣλСЩҸ˵ǼǰذףλСܸ֮Ȥп
ϸƺЩɻ󣬾ôСôеӸһİ˵ܣҪǱϲ֮ץ˿ô죬ǿڵλСôһôһ˴СӣҪǳʲô¿ô죿
ϰϽǣѵǣԺ󲻸ˣҴλСȥˡ
˵սеСӷԣ£ȥҸòã
СӻͷԵģȤȻؿƯÿĸ磬ǸС绹ԼЦЦһˣصͷõģ
һһŮӣкӿҶϷ˶٣ŮӿҶ
Ҳ߸˵غˡ
ϰ۾ˣЦûкúÿѧϰ
ӦеģǸովϰõĹΡ
Ůһ䣬ôôͻˣ󻹸ޱȵкϺɻ
ϰλСӣǵĿˡ
˶һҶϷҶҲŻϰʹȥǰذס
СĶΪλúܺÿСԼЦˣϣԼ棬û뵽˼ֱˣòʧ䡣
ֵܶ˸źϰذ׵ĵطϰóһѻڵذףһɫ÷
ذױȴʵ޻ĸоذ׺ģȻľƵģȴܳ
һۣҶϷ͸оһ־Υϲ֪ûֶʲôӰĸоˣҶϷһҪ
ҶϷϰ˵ʣµǮˣЩǮذ׵Ǯ
ϰƺû뵽Ȼ˺ˬȻһڼ۾ͽ۸̧˸ߣ˶õĴ˽ס
صϣææصǣҶֿԾԼϲĶˣǸ֮ǰ𣬲֮ǰǰ㿴˳۵ľϲŻϾҲ֪ǮƲ֮ˡ
ֵܶڽϹһΪ֮õİذףҶϷǲʶҶ⿴˼ļԲģװ׵ģɷǺÿҪһҶϷҲһӣǺ˵ؾ͸ˡ
Ҷ⿴һŮɨسţȭߣʵڿȥǰȥŮ
ֱ۽סϸ˿Ҫһƣһϸ˾ˤڵϣȻڵô໰ƪüͷֱ޲ֱӷסӵ졣
Ҫǣǿư˸ŮӦõŮĸлϧԸΥŮֱӺˣرֱӳֵǸŮֱˣҪһܵļƣŵϽԶǸŮ˲ϺµҪһ߶ȥ
˵Ҳ޹
ҶתȴЩܲܣһֱģҶϷõذãϱ˶ôɶȻƻĺ飬Ͼöˡ
õҶϷ˳㰲οһԼܵܣдﲻˣ侮ʯҲһѹοֻҲһѣûҲһѧϰҪﲻϣﵹæҲһ
Ӧûһ䡰Σѣ㲻ҲһСƨͲˣӣСܾ谮һֻȸԼĹңһҪͺΪ顱ֻûֵĴʻ㣬ýͣҲûʲôá
ҪǣԭҶΪŮŮôŵɵģüΪŮԼϵŵļҹΣҶϷɲΪԼһ仰ԼܵԺ˰ʲôһҶĿ֮ˡ
ǣܽԺαΪԼѹأֻҪԼԵģαΪ˵ĲʶȤԼ͹Լ˵ѹ˵벻ǣ
Ҷ֮ͷֳ˵ʲôԣپֳ˵ʲôǲԵģˣֿʼҶϷֱ̽⣬ǽ֮ǰǵ㲻ٸˡ
һֱĬĬصˣŲٶӡ
Ϊߵ·ˣϻȥֵͷ˯ҶϷ˯ҹŵһζоԼȫ¶һζڱˡ
צһԼҶ⣬ĶͲϰߣüͷһʲôζ־ȻǼζ
ҶϷüͷСƨԼСצСƨšһתּ˯ȥˣҶϷҲר־ѰζԴ
ܸоζԼܽ
һ޹ȻζȴоԽԽ̱ǣое£ֻơ
Ϊ뾪ŵ޹棬ҶϷ羡ԼĶڷر
΢ĵƹ£ӳľһ°ɫһ̯ɫգ˲뵽ʲôѹмǹζʱСƨһ𣿻ܱһֱš
ҶϷԼ죬˵ʲôԷСʲôģСƨ²˵ҲҪСʱû£ںˣôܹʱ䶼пˡ
ҶϷŵյߵߣޱȻСƨɫҲһ̯ɫճ״
ʱѾҪˣϵʱǲ㱡´ϸһ¡
ҶϷֱСƨϵıӣϵ°Сƨû˯ѣʹҶϷŭˣʱ˿̿ʹӣҲûоÿɰʲôģΪ˲ˣһƺǰ۵Сϡ
ϲԣطҲҶϷ翴һطǸط϶
ĶжҶϷǰ۵Сƨƨϲ᲻صشһ£ٺСƨˡ
СƨǺñѱ֮ҶϷŽϵˣһ´ϣ±һӣ֮ǰҺС˯ƺܺãƽɵģӦǱֲСѹƵģʶûмȻ϶ֱӽСƨһڵϵ
ʰ֮˯£˯Ѿ׳ɢˣСӵ˯ٶҲܿ죬ҶϷ绹Ǻܿ˯ˡ
ǵڶ죬ҶϷСԺ˶֪ԼҿɰԵҪСɣŪǣֵѧѾڸﴫõǣ汾ҶⲻС˶˼ˡ
ϲűһ٣ڻҪЩ˳ЦԲùѧЩ֪

͵һǺɻ

գ壬ĵ̫ȥյĸȣո𣬱ҪյĽȡ֮
죬ҶءɫϺ̴䡣ɽӳбˮ飬б⡣
ҶϷ츳ܹȥѧĳЩ㣬Լڷܻǿֲǵ㲻ġ
ȻҶϷǳˣΪ۶ôڷܣϰٱ飬˼ȥ̫ÿ֮󣬾Լĸ֣󼱳߳ңȷʵߵģϾ̫ҪΪѧΪģȻϸʵĿȻ֮
ҶϷѾϰʮ죬Ȼ˼ҶսԽԽ̫ʵܲħʶֻһ䣬յֿαϰɡ
ҶϷʼ磬ֻؼϰףʵǾԼ˵ģɴҲûеģֻ̫鴤øˣ۾Ƥǲͣգգʱʱһ¶䣬տʼʱ򻹹˼Ϊʦʧ񣬺̫Ѿҷȫŷˡ
±ͬ˳Ц˲֪ٴΣرȺͰǰǼһ
ȡΪʤȻһȫÿߴߴߵʹʵи̫
ŶˣǽϰҶϷֿε̫Ҳǹѧ쵼ߣʵ۵ﶼù֣ܵǰҶϷҲΪġ
̫߲ãҶϷ绹һͨϰֺֺ޵Ĺ٣ӵ
ҶϷ˲䵯øˣʲôɣǺһͨ࣬Ĺٶ൯ܹҲû˵ʲôģÿݱһ°ӣÿγЦ˶ô𾢡
䣬شŽţҵĹӣСˣϽͣɣ˺С˵ĶˣС˴˴Ĳģ档
ҶϷƳһ۵ȤûУһأԳԼִУ
˼ҿԼһۣԽԽ𾢣ǼƺڵɽˮǽһͶ밡ֻϧ֪
ҵĹӣС˴ˣǿɰǳɶµĵܵӵԼ˷ǽժңǡñ̫ץסڹѲд֣ҪȥûǸϽȥ
յؿɫ΢ҶϷ磬ᵽӵܵʱɫ΢䣬һϷģޱЦ⣬ȴϷ̰㿴ɣǵܻܵɶ¡ɰǳҿԼϹɣһ¾֮ǰҲ˵һ䲻̫ȴʵڵĻ㻹⣬ߡ
ҶϷϵֹͣԼִʦ֮·ĽŲӰȷûƭԼ
˲ըˣûĵģĲʹҺĺţȻңҿ
ҶϷ俴һۣìĶȥɣˡ
ûзӦôͻȻתˣѲɱԼƻסˣҶϷ綼߳ȥԶˣըëˣҿҶϷ磬ңҵţԺ󻹸ϵǰ˵
ҶϷȴûӻ֣ͬһƬƲʣѲȥǿɰĵܵȥˡ
ں㵸ҧгݡŭڣҪӱʮδ
ҶϷѲʱ߰˸Сܲǽվã̫ɸֵһݵ䣬̸ڼСܲȴСܲվţ޾ɵģƺöûԷƵġ
ҶϷ磺Ҷ̫֮
СܲҶϷ磬ƿ˾һ㣬ֱðǣ˲侫ӣȣ֮ǰǲ˥
ֹ̫ͣſһҶϷ磬˴кҪ£
仰˵ûҪ¸ϽߡҶϷ粻֪Լö벻ԡ
ΪǹѧЩҹӺͻʼӵܣҪЩ֮ˣÿ̫ȻǺ˵ģѧʶߣǷ˴̫ֻรˣΪʵҲδˡ
ҶϷԼò˼ӲͷƤ˵ԼܵܵģСƨͷıգʲô»ΪֳĿţҶæҲˣһ븾ҲûоЩ¡
ǣҶϷһһúý̵ܵܡԼµһѱ֤֮£СҲһֱͷԼѵʱҲû¶ʲôĵطֵ̫ˡ
ҶСܲˣ༸СܲĽؿֵرҶ壬̾Ϊʲô˼ҵֳ˺ãԼȴҪÿշԼֵܡ
ҶϷСؼң·Ҳû֮ǰÿ֮һ𷣣֮ԺҪôֻǰһ裬ǸҶһֱȶûȵ
ҶЩʧӸ֪´ôء
뵽εĳͷκһζҪأԸڳˣһ裬Ƿø˵˼Ϊÿ趼٣Ҵ˴θɫѿ
ȻԼηĴģԺܲԼˡ
ҶϷȻ֪СԴﶼЩʲôȴûѲҪԼܵԺ͵ʱβץ
ǣѵ֮ҶϷһ仰Ҳ˵һ˳˼쵽ʱˣֿΣȫôŬҲ״ȥѧġ
ʱ򣬳ԼʵûôѣαغԼȥأ
ҶϷ뵽ЦˣһԼǸı˲٣ǰɴӲԼеģ¶ҪģײǽҲˡ
Ҷ⿴ֳȻЦˣȻֻǳǳһЦɻǱˣССֹͣ
̫ˣòʲôеԼɣЦôëȻ
ǣҶŸ䣬ίͰ͵û硣
Сϵ㹻㹻Ȼ˲û֮ǰôˡ
ˣֻҪÿλֳ硱ʱһºԼá
ҶϷСͷȴ֪ĺõܵѾ㣬ǻһЦëȻ˴βԽСƨˡ

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ֱӽ͵ȥԴӰԺ֮Сƨÿ춼ԲȲ˯ûĸԼСǽһڵӵˡ
֪ԼӰԺ֮ûȥסԼԺӣȥҶϷǸƫƧСԺӡ
Ȼ֮ԼҲ֮ҶϣģҲֻһֻ۱һֻˡ
ȴ֪ԼֱԼ޵ͬסһ䣬˯һ齣֪϶ԸԼմȾǸŮ˵Ķһζ
˵ҲһֵһҲԣҪܽӴͲУΪζⶫʵͨġ
ֻϧҶϷֶΣСԺﶼǾҳ֮ˣ˶̽Ϣ֪
ҶϷ罫СԺӣ밲֮󣬾͸Ѿ߽ԭίľͷһվš
Ҷ⼸ȥקǵСԺקקһ绹˿ģ֪ԼӲˣҶҲ˵ֿ
֮ҶϷ񣬾˵Ҫȥ̫õҵ˳¡
ҪѵӣȴҲԸǸŮ˶ǰѵԼĶӣԵԼĶӲǸŮ˵Ķӣ޷ܵġ
Ҷ⿴ˣһ˲ˣĸøѵΡ
̧ŸϸĲȴĸĿ⣬ŵһ˲ֱͦ壬Сֹؾصطϥϡ
ǣҶ⿪ʼĸĳͷȥԺӣǿͻǸûȥСԺҲݵůĻϤζ
ڶһҶϷʰȥϰ䳡䣬Ͽ鿴еˡ
𴲣ͿҶûɵһԵСϣʱϲԵĸ㶼ˡ
ҶϷҲֻûɵػһ䣺硣ҲҶϷһۡ
ҶϷЩΣѲˣ
ҶϷҲûʲô캦£Сƨ̬ȴ˳ٲúýԺ󻹲ͷ
ҶϷҲֻһ򵥵ġšȻԶҲСƨԽԽʵʵԹ񣬻Ϊ˵Ͻԣȥ䳡֮ҪȥѧӽЩʳˣʳ
ҶϷ˵Сƨɵ۾˲ƼߵĵһʱһҶϷ粻֪СƨҪʲô۶ӣԶ
Ҷ⿴ԼôԼôˣûΪʲôܰʳһ˲ȫֻԼһСԷ鶼ûˡ
ϵʱϣҪԷÿ϶ϣܹ쳣ô죬ޱĸ羹Ȼû֡
ԽԽҶǸѽµİζĸ㶼ûθˣЩѳԣôˣ綼֪
ǣһĻҶϷ翴ܵСеĿӡડһǸµİһ˲飬ذ
ҶϷ¿ӣƺҹհ۾ֱֱɫÿҪӡ
Сǣ˲ˣȻΪǱúˣΪ׼ԵӸ⣬ҹ˯֮ίҪοϵĲ˵˯ûˣҪСƢ
ҶϷ۽ǶûʩҶ㣬ҶίˣоΨһԼõĸ綼ԼˣҶصһţ۰Ͱ͵ؿŸ硣
ҶϷȴСӣֱ˵һ䣺˵¾ͱˣϽȥ䡣
ԭŸοҶ۾ˣ˵뿪ˡ
պÿԼСŭ뿪۾Ǳ˭۸ƵģֻӣĵʣôˣҪҹһȥ䳡Ŀųˣ
Ҷ⿴һֻۣÿԺҪǸ
Ͻÿһ·ͬʱɻǸ˭
潫ÿ춼ҪԵĸڹǰӵɫҲѿվһԵ޹޹ҡҡͷֻñ˳ȥˡ
ҶϷݲݵس˵㶫ȥ䳡ȻûСƨӰҶϷҲֻˣСƢѹû⣬͸ڽ˵ڽɫȻãȴҲûж˵ʲô
Ȼθϵһ룬ҶϷڴܲ޹ͼææܹ˵ӲˣұǰԺûпˣΪʱҾֻҶϷ硣
ҶϷɫֱ䣬޲ץסСƨѿӴƨɣʹˣȻʧһס
ڽҲ֪³ЩҲȥҲԼ
ҶϷ޹棬ǶЩطҶϷһɽԿڵϿ޵رĵһСţһһʵģԵίˡ
߽СƨڵС˵磬磬ңңңϲҡ
ҶϷЩԼ汳Īʱ޿ˡˣ
ȻЩڿһ̯Ѫ֮ʲôԩ뷨ʧˣϽСƨתľƵĽСƨһȦ
·ϻһЩǳǳѪҲóǴʲôطճģ۾һƴίöܹƿˡ
ûʲô£ŵĲŻ˶
Ȼɺ޵ǣСƨƽʱʱ͸צƵˣȴһ̬ҪĻıǿһۡ
ͲõҶϷǱŪѣǳˣ£ҷƢϻ㻹ǲè
ǣžһٶԣҸҲҰĿӣ˹ǰ㡣
⻰ҶС˲оԼŵõֱ̬ˣоԼصܵ˶ˣʱ۴޵أ󻵵ҶϷ磬㣬ᣬҲϲ㣬أ߿
ȻûˣҶϷ˿ˣΰο˵ҶϷ׺ɷؿ˵ٿޣҾĿӴƨɣһҾʹһ¡
Ȼôһ˵ոջڳ鴤Сƨỹڲͣµôջǿµħˡ
ҶϷע⵽Сƨ񻹽קʲôҶϷҲûܣֱӿʼʻЩѪǴģ
ҶϷ꣬СøˣҲŤˣҶϷ󣬵Ϊ˲ŵСƨֻýŭѹ¡
˵ҿˣֻãίؿԼ
ҶϷ۲СƨЩ⶯۾ٽԼί˻û֪ˣոҿɶˣҼӵЩҿһϣҿɾԩңǲ˵ӽҿɲˡ

ܰ

ҶϷ˵ЩСƨܸÿ˵˰ɣû뵽ƢôС컹Ǳյýģֻøˡ
ҶϷֻ˵˵ҿɾ治ˡ
û뵽ҶϷ绰û˵꣬СƨֿʼءؿˣҶϷһͷüͷͣ
Ȼ·ƫƧûʲôڣǰԺжʮСƨһСıΪֳ۸Լܵˡ
֪ʲôûɰŭһƨɡ
Ҫ֪ҶϷףֻ»ۣᷭ˼ƨһƻʲôûɣ
ŪҲҲãƢ㲻ϺܺõҶϷ޲óĵĵܼܵơ
Ȼ֮Ҳ޲ԼĻ
סԼƢŤСƨԼŵٿޣˣô˿ƽʱƤްӣԺָ೰ЦأѵʮǰСǼˣ
Ȼ仰СƨǲˣֻСС嶶ͣҶϷ˿Ǻˣͦĵġ
޹ѭ߹ľԼҹӱӣջг
ҶϷ翴޹ˣ˲ƿ˾ǣСƨ˿ֻõȥҵˣǲˡ
޹֮ˣ»Ҫȥ棬ڿ϶رġ
֮ҶϷεôˣҪһ˳㷢ѿʲôģôˣ
Сƨز˲ֳ䲻ȴůţҶϷɫֺ˼֣ᶼᵽϸջ·ϣһоõѾʪ͸ˡ
̣סСԴĳ嶯Լ𿪡
ҶϷ翴Сƨĥĥģ뿪Լˣﲻɵ˿ûɵͷֱСƨһŲмСŪǿϲȥ²㱻
ԼһҪסòײԼ徻㣬ǧڸˣܵܣĵܵܣΨһǣҺϵ
Ҵ֮һȿ޻ѿΪеЦݵˣڿܸ˵˵ʲôˣ
˳ȥСƺ۽ǵӻͳյıŷĲ١
Ҷ⿴̬Ⱥ࣬ʶԼĴŷŵ̬ģǲſڵҡݵˡ
˵̯֮ǰһֱקŵС֣ҪٿһΡ
ҶϷϽԭݵˣʲôÿ޵ģӺɷ򣬿޿ģѿ㿴ѾʼɶˣҲҲúõû𣿡
Ҷݵ˾ͲܳԶˣÿγԶʹҶܳԺѼơţŹǡ
ҶϷϽͣͣ˵ˣ֪ˣ㣬֪ݵζʲô
Ҷɵؿ˸һۣͷݵζŲܳԼϲĶʹᱻЦܵõӣÿ춼ңңŶˣС
ҶϷȻˣ˵ĲЩǸı仯
Ҷ룬ҡҡͷʵص֪
ҶϷĵ֪йˣǺġȴ˵ζ㳤ˣڵĸʱڵݣЩݶˣ֤㳤ˡ
Ҷ⻹ǺܳʵҡҡͷʾףΪʲôܳܲܲܳҲ硣
ҶϷһһð⣬ӵǾû취ˣҪ볤Ҫͳֻѡһ
ǣҶСӿˣΪҪ˾Ϳ飬ʡøǱǰ粻ģԴϴȥˡ
ҶϷȴ˵ˣԼ룬ѧвʱ䣬ˡ
Ҷ⻹Ҫ
ҶϷָ˵һֻѡһָ͵һݶûˣֻһſŵصһһ᳤ֻСƨѡҪ󳤸߸ߵġ
ҶϷ𰸵ʱǸ۰һʱҪֲۣѡѡ񲻵ֻûһʱѡ񳤸߳
ҶϷ¶ˣҪСҪߣȴ
ҶϷˣҲû˱飬ʣ㻹к£
Ҷ⿴Լ̬ȣίòУҲԼٲ治ٹԼˣ뵽һί
ίˣ˵ԺҪһֱ͸˯һ˯˯ţԺҪңҪңвٳңҷĸôҶУҲҪȥĸ
⼸춼һֱŸ緢ݿˣҶԲˣԺϲĸ㶼Բˣ춼Ը㣬ҲϲˣԺҲԲˣֻгԸʱŲۣҲϲ
˵˵ֿˣСϵıǽһġ
ҶϷһһĳҪɫ˲ֹһ㣬Щģ⻰ͻȻЦŪСƨڱŤЩʲôˡ
һõʱҲƵֻһʵûȫҶ⵱ԼܵܣദôãǱʶﻹǽҶԷиĸ¶ҪԲģȻͶע࣬ҲûмʱЩСŤ֮µ⡣
ȻûС˵䵱޵лԺУŵġ
ⲢԼĵܵܣɿó⺢ԽԽԼҲģڱǰƤǰһֱǹϲģõʲôõĶ
ҶϷ룬ʵԼĻûʯĳĵزΪʲôһôԼأ
ҶϷʱ۵̾˿֪ˣӦ㣬˰ɣ˵࣬ѿ
Ҷ۾˵ؿʵ˵㻰һԣ׷ɲƭҡ
ҶϷ磺֪ˣ߰ɡ
ҶϷûߣ䣬СƨǿĲѣӣ˵ҪҵˣԺ˾͹
ҶϷѾĥûʲôƢˣ˵һ䣺㡣㿴СƨʱſСƨ»һٺòõСӣ룺ԭ廳Լʧȥݣˡ
ʱҲ֪˵ʲôЩЦ֮С
Сӵ˼άǸ㲻һݰˣȻҪ
Ҷ⿴绹վţæСһ磬һɺã
ҶϷǿ˿Сƨ֣ҺãڿҲ֪ߣûֱ٣ллأȻѾŪˣȴҲСƨŪһΡ
ҶϷѾĥûƢˣʲôʲôɡ
ǣֵ˽ǿˡ
֮ҶϷſСƨݣ죬ҿĿš
Сƨſ죬ҶϷĴ˿ûҲǷ࣬촽ȻһݿտҲ
ҶϷ磺ԺҪңҪһ˶㲻˵ֲĻ׳棬֪ʲô֪
Ҷ⣺š
ҶϷСЦЦ
ҶĥӲ£ҶϷ米ŵܵܣһһ뿪ǿݵĵط
糿ϣԭССӰúܳܳ

ԶǱؽ

ҶϷԭΪ¹ˣٿ԰һʱˡ
Ͼǰÿδ˻֮Ҫͣһʱ䣬û뵽źȥѧ׼ʱ࿴飬Ҫһˡ
൱ڶʮһ͵һСѧҵһƴѧҵˣҶϷĺܿѧʶѧϰ˵ѣ˴൱ڸбҵ
ֻϧҶϷľ˼ƻŸտʼͱƻˡ
ҶһѧҶϷԼǿɰĵִܵˡ
ʱȶڣǾǸֲ´ļһֻµۣɰɵĵܵһܹһμܣҵҲû°δ˰ɡ
һСһҶϷ缷üŪۣЦᶼˡ
ҶϷ΢Цһֻۣ֣졣Ǹȥ·ص㡣
ҲһǴҪ֣һҲֻǺܴΪ飬Ͼݻ⡣
·ϵ֪ԭСƨҶϳİƿͰ죬ҶϷǸֱӷɹȥӴƨɡ
һ˵֮Ҳ̫ģҲʲô£ȻЩȴִ֪ġ
ҶϷ粢ûиоοȴҲ飬л
ȣǺĽ밢ĸ飬ȴûָġ
⻰ҶϷĲ֪ûشֵ˶࿴ģҸĸ໥Ը˭֪⻰м٣ֻõҪ㳣ڵܵƨɺʰ̯ӣܾͲĽˡ
ЦЦ𻰣ǰصֳҵĹϵҲûôãǻһģֳȴֻ˵úö顱ÿμҶжԶͶԶһ̫ʹˣҵܻҪҶֳѧϰĸ游Ҳǣ뵽ǳҾ͸о޿
ҶϷȶѾԶ⺢ӾһСӣ룬ȷе˵Ӧǲ֪ʲô裬ԼҶϷ˵˵ҶϷܷ⣬ʶԺ͸ˡ
ԴˣҶϷʵǾܾģֻϧܾãľܾ޶ãȻأһҶϷߴߴҶϷÿζۡ
òܹûеܵܵʱеɿռ䣬һûˡ
ҶϷ˸·ǸСһߣû߽һƬ˵ʱ䲻˳ǣȻʱȴȿʱ仹Ҫ֡
·СԶǽͣҶƿʹܴһֱŽϷ繫ӵġ
ҶϷ˼ҳƺΪϷ繫ӣȻ˵ʱԼǸ˵ȡǡϷʮﴺ硱֮⣬Ȼȴǡз繫ӡȻֻҪϤ˼˽еġ
ԴҲ޿κΣѾûа취ٽﵱֻԼʱдС˵ߵЩԼ´˵ĸоޱȣÿ˶ʻģǷС˵磬оʵ
ˣһֲ´󣬷Ҫһѻٿּһھ˸߲ҵܵǰ棬šȹȥߣ͵ɢˡ
ҶϷȶûȻ˵⻰ҲҪԼһˡ
ҶϷҲֻüӿŲߵֳεû̫ڣѧ
ҶϷﲻ˿㲻̫ǰˣ⼸ѾԼӶɾˡ
ԴԱһˣÿҶϷ綼֪ⱻԼǸܵܣǰӻûô˹
óȺ˵Ŀߣߴ̫׺ˣֻЩ˲ûþȫ֮ôһȺҺ˾ȻסСӣһ㡣
ҶϷװһ£ٲ˵עϾȺӵĲСſڵڸʲô
ϰĻ˵۹ʱŷ׷׿ˣÿ˵ı鶼ܾʡ
Ϸ繫ӣˡ˿
Ϸ磬ȰȰܵܰɡ
Ϸ繫ӣ
ô
ôˣ

˿ҶϷһЩӦΨΧмҶ⶯Ҳûľֻһ仰ôˣθ᲻ֽԼŵĸȥ̶Լˣ
漴뵽ӦòᣬѾ֤ˣԺ󲻻ٲҪĸﰤòС
ƿͿ˶վԭأ˻ûзӦȭͷѸٳҶкȥ
ԭΪһȭһܹҶϣȻȴûԸֻûеҶǰʱͱһֻ޳ֵסˡ
˴ˣܶ黹ǲҪ̫ˣƹӡ
ƿͿʧ˵עѾصϣֻýջȥ׺ݵصһҶϷ硣
ҶϷ磺֪˺£λ֪߸֪Ϸ磬ԱŪɣҲøܵͷ֮ܵӦеĳͷ
ǣһ˵֮ǰʱƿ˵Ϸ繫л֮ŭɽߣۣ۲ɣ˾ֱӴˡ
ʱҶϷſԴԼһֱͷСƨ˵Ǹ죬ȻǲҪ˵
ֻϧλѹûо⣬»Ϊ۵ģϾſɰ۵Сһһġ
ҶϷ֪ʵˣϾڶܻܵЩ˽ģǻû۾ֱӴˣûдȻڰСƨСĻѻ
Լܵܣʣ⣬ˣ
ҶѸ沿飬Ϊ֮ǰһʾǣ沿̫࣬ͻȻһͣʹزУͺҧгݵķŭģʹίģ۽ǵᶼˡ
ҶŸղŴСˣɵصͷ
ҶϷ磺ԭˡ
ͷתֱֱؿŻƿͣҶ֪֮Ǻδǵûү죬ɼҵҲֻǻУʱ̵Ҫѵܹͼñڱҵӣ֮кδǵûү죬Ե˵һҪѧĳЩˣϲں˶ӡ
⻰죬ҶϷ˵⻰ǿҪŲ˿˵Ҫĥһ˵
ҲҶϷһ棬ʲô¶ʧȥ磬ʱڿӸദܹԼġ
ҶϷ⻰տʼһȷʵʲôŭ棬Ļȴ⻹ͦȵĳ＾ɹһ϶ĺ䡣
ҶϷ˵ּ꣬үԼûд֪ɷǰظһʲ֮Ļ֪֮Լкβ㣬ԺӸ֮˿࣬ð˴֪ܵĻΪ谲ûƽø˿ࡣ
ƿҲǴģЩ֮⣬̣ƾͲΪ仰Ҷ
ҶϷԼⷽҲ°
ƿͲ˵ֹ˵˵㻹ΪԼʲôϷ繫ӣ谲һӰˣʲôõģһ߸ϵʢ˵ӣĸ׻֪ĸɽļ񣬻˼Ӧһ䡮ӡ̫ǰװѧʵһ˵ɧ
ҶϷϽۼֿذס۾ʹҪǰҶ⣬ȵȿνҹӻ˵Щʲô
ҲˣĻҲ˵ĳڣⲻҹӣǸɽĵҪǰ˵ЩʲôҶϷһ񲻸ʵֹˡ
ȵһҲģ̷չ
ĺҶϷ磬Щһ˵ڣͣҲͣƿͿֵ˶˵˵øˣģȥǹԺ»вϲɡ
ҶϷ֪Լô˺ޣòȻܲЩ˼ǾǿǿϣǺõû˵òȻһҶϷԼӦò۲ǣû뵽ȴô¡
ʵҶϷǫˣЩ˵ֵܲòȺлġ
СС;ʹݰףװ۵ģһŵζСͯƵģֻԼòⶫ̫ӣʶûԼòá
⻰ҶϷʵʲôֻλƹӵĸ׼Ļ̫ܲãֻ϶ǳԴ֮ڣ֮СĿ֮˵ǰıٱĻ
ȻҶϷӴֺõģȻˣ˶ˣȥ
ǲܡ
һȻҪ˲ҪԼҲͱһ̡
ҶϷ籾ţôλ֪ߵغĻСһĽѵͿ˵ֱһȭȥǡôڻƿͱϣѪ
˵Ÿɾ㣬ǹѧҺ԰ٸӷһ໰Ӵ

ݳ޵

¾̫ǣҶ£ҶϷ佫ƿͶµû˵ºЩС¶ûƿͿԶ֮ڲϿˡ
Ȱ˻ȥȭҶͰ²ʱˡ
Ϊӵİƿ͸ҶϳȣȴҶϳˡ
ֱһͷҶܸʶ裬ȻȥĪǲˣ벻ԼİûӣΪ׶ӵĶҺҶֵ˽
ҶˣһֱܵʥϿأұлӻܳ裬Ըÿʣ֣һЩСǼʵΪ֡
ҶԭΪҪܵͷطݵʱ򰲾غ޲Լڡ
Ȼĵ鶼һֱûƲûгͷĴ㣬صңܳصõ˲ҩϸĴ˲̵ġ
Ϊβһƿ˵ҵЩ
Ҷһ٣Ȼκʱ򶼲ǴܺĽͳͷ
ҶЩ
ҶϷ磺Ŷ
Ŷʲô˼
ҶⲻҽӻֻüװԼʲôû
ҶϷ翴ɵСƨһůģ˵Щ˹ĵζȴ˺
һ̣ҶϷ糹״ϿҶԼܵܣٽνһûѪԵϵˣҪǸµСƨһǰ㰮
ҶϷ磺Ժ²ҪǼƽϣ쳤ڱϣֻҪ˲±ɳ฾˵ȥ±ĸǻˣֻûòͳʱҪˣΪ˱ˣ
ҶͻȻ̧ͷؿԼĸ磬ܲţػһ硱
ҶϷСᡰšһ
Ǳ̫֪ˣȻȫҶ⣬Ȼȶ֮ǲԵģʶҲܵ˳ͷ
ѧصңҶһֱಽظҶϺ棬±Ǳߵ˿ϵˣһ·ϾС͵һҶϷüͷಡֱһŽСƨ߷ɣηηĵܵܣ
СƨֹӣĸҪ֣ӣǧĸ֡
ҶϷԿۣԼϿɵĵܵܣҲһȥ
ҶϷ磺ҾȥĸĻҿԿǰ¡
Ҷ̱죬ؿĸ֪ͣˣ硭
ŴŴСϹϳůġ
ˣڻôˣǱĸˣСı
Ҷɴص£иڡ
ҶϷ磺㲻°裬Ǳ֪ҽ硱ֻҪҪ̸
⻰Ҫ˵Сƨ϶᲻ġ
ҶϷֻתƻ⣺ٹĵҪǰãҲҪЩͬѧ档
СƨСԴ룬Ҳ֪ҪǸ׼ҶϲͬѧһûãҲ֪Ҫ˭Ҹ顣
ҶϷ絽ʱ룬鸸ĸȷʵð㣬ÿУҴдһʱͺˡ
ҶûʲôѹЩ⣬ܶùܣһи縸ĸҲʲô
ҶϷĺһƣСĺ
ܿģҶĵ͵ˣһ꺢ӵĵȴñ˼ʮٻ¡أҲҶϷһԼӾŴʼҵųֱɱִЩνĸ߼ˡ
ڵǰ죬Ҷֱӱʵۺȥ
ҶϷ²⣬ҶǻʵȡģֻʵۻչԼ׵ܵܵƢԼ׵ܵܲˣ»ʵҪҶȡ֣ϸŶòСƨʲô͵õˡ
֪飬֮ƽʱעЩʵ۵飬϶ΪҶǻʵ۵˽ӡ
С˵УʵҪλҶ⣬ֻϧʱﶼֻŮȻԥؾʹ˻ʵ۵Ĵ㡣
С˵еҲȷʵʵ۵츳´Ӳˮ¹ɱϣ۹˴һƬııȱ
ҶϷٿСƨ˵ģЩƷʵĿǰΪֹһûдľճˡ
ҶϷԭΪСƨĵԼøûϵҶΪСƨȡΪGȡԡGš֮⣬ҶϷȡúܺá
ûҪԼĵطȻԺӻһ·뵽ԼֿԶռԼСԺӣ󲻱ٸһСƨֿ˻
޹ãϻ˿ֵɫʣҲֻΪԼҹΪȡֶģֻ֪ΪܹռԼԺӶġ

Ĳ

˿ʱҶϷ׼ȥǰû뵽ûžͿĹĵСƨڵ߹дšҺܲġ֡
ҶϷЩ飬˵ĳҲûжϵΪǲֻһûʮӣûʲô£ֵܶƽʱദ̶ȣȷʵЩá
ȻѡһΣȻѡͽ֪ģ˵ˣ˵Ͳ顣
ҶϷϽǵĹˣһڹȥɾˣ
ԹĵĻҶСѵСڷˣίصͷۡ
ҶϷϽ޹޹ȥŪЩ㽶üӸ⣬ðӡ
޹ӦһǡһûӰ
һڴ
ҶϷһ漴תһȦߺҾúģ飬Ҳ˯һôˣôͬ㲻ˣ
Ҷӣ۾ҶϷ磬Թûи磬˺þöûҵ磬һΪ粻ϲˣҵĵ綼
ҶϷϽᣬСӱ˼룬ϲģҲֻˡھҹ֤û㣬һȥ硣
ֵܶ˵һҶֳ˵㶫һȥǰʱǰ࣬ʣµҲֻЩˣڽպѧʶµĺӻѾؼˡ
ϵʱҶʽֵܣҶΪ˲پƣųǧķҲɵûЩֵ˵õĻ
ҶСҲrouСԴϵͷҶģСҶĹĵģԼĸˡ
ҶϷԱ߿úЦѣֵòˣҪֻϧˡ
ҶҪԼӵ۵СҶֳֻ󣬸ã͸ˡ
µصһҶϷ磬ּӺɷ
ֻҪֳ󣿿ĸҲһ󣬰ѵĸܾ
ҶϷµؼϷ͵ûոɹһۡ
Ҷѵ룬üͷ˼ţֹԼ˫ֵ֣ŵĸ±ãҶģֻǸƫҪĸӦòΪѰɡ

ԼӰһܲ˵ҪѧǸӲԸ⻹ӲҪƷҪӵҲֻ˵˵û뵽õȴĴ𰸡
ͬʱҲܲˬǸŮ˵ĶڶеĵλȻԼߣⲻ֪ǸԼӹʲôԻϵԻԼɷСԻԼĶӣʶԺٲɷζܣԼ롣
ûʱҶϷˡ
ҶϷȴοСƨ㻹еģҲԼƨɺ棬רŸʰ̯ӡ
˵ҶϷȴںΪһ޽һѾ
ҶƷȥҶСڰˣҶϷ绹Щʧ
˵ʵڵģֻҪû㶯ţҶϷоƨɵ¶ʼðˣ˼ҿһڣô£
ҲûҶϷ뵽𰸣Ҷʻ磬ҲҶӣЩ
Ҷ̵ͷӦͣæ硭ֳˡ˵Ҫ뿪ҶߣҶһư¡
ҶϷһɫֻ˲佩Ӳһ£ֺ֮ʲôûһ΢ЦԼɷͶӡ
ҶϷĵգСƨ˵©ˡҶ˵ˣ硱ƺֻֻʣǶʱſԻʱҪֳֳƺԹ֮ҴǾơ
ҶҲ֪Լ鷳ˣʶЩΪ͵͵ؿһ۸硣
ҶϷĿߵҶǰԭҪ·ϱˣҶȴƲ⣬ֵ磬
ҶϷֻߵǰɵػһ
ҶʱúܿģǶѿˣٹ㣬ҪһֱͣضΪ۾ˡ
ҶϷЦЦǰһ㡣
ԭΪ͹ˣû뵽ҶʵĿģͻȻһһҶϷҶֵܶϸԡ࣡һڣҶϷӶӲˣһ
ҶϷݺ̳꣬ʲôûһwenһˣ־׵飬ȲԼ̰ûԷõ
Ȼ񲻹ǱԼϵصʵʸûѪԵϵı˵һڣȻƲס
ǵģñµҶϷȷʵҶʵӣҶòƻɱˣȻ˵ɱ˲ҶʣʱʱҶϷܲЩԹϷ룬ͿٷЩݡ
ԭԼĸװĸоǰһֱ⣬Ϊô˸Ҫһֱڸĸıӻ²ϳɳԭֱ˳ŵĸоȷʵһ˷һֱֵıǿļƻ
ȻҲǱһĻˣһʱûлعȴҲֹǸ˼ܰһĻ
ʵҲвҶҲںô꣬ά˸Ҳǲд֮ġ
ͬ˻֪롢򲻸ŵķӦҶǵؿ뿪ҶʵĻ
ʵ˲˶ԣ뿪ԼҸĻģͻȻ̫˵ҪТĸСܵĽТΪȣ϶ԥؽϵĺĿˮɾ
ⵣĺЩˣԶûע⵽ֻһĸˣѾūͶ棬Ͻû˿Ͻ
ԼʱͦõģΪθԼôܣҺûнǰϣ棬Щ뷨ûбʵֹˣʱоϵĸожãһҲճģܡ
øĸע⣬ģ룬ħƵģ۾ɵôģ΢΢ţӦֱӱɵˣڶûع
Լû̫ӰͺˣҶ⣬аԾԺҪһӣøԺҪС֡
ߣŲԼֻҪҽ׽ء
ҶøղԼһɫؽҶϷɨҶϷڻع
ǰľЦһҶ⣬ŵļˣƳʲôʹں޵ûعҶϷĵҶ֣ϽصԼλãŮ˴衣
˵е첻µزµĸоȴŮ鷳һСǵǺ޺ܾúܾãõǵԼ˼ȴһһҪء
ǰүүҲ˵òҪŮˡ
СͶүү˵ĻȽŷ˼֮ӵܶŮˣȴ棬ֻһԼͨԼһŮˣӲЩ߰Ůˡ

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Ҷ⵮ҶϷڶΣҲｫԼļҡ
Ȼֻʱļң뿪Ӵ£Ϊκ˻¶ı䡣
ҶϷʮ꣬Ҷꡣ
ҶϷ֮ܽ꣬Ӽ涨ΪʼӵܣʱѡԼҪߵ·ʶѧԼϲҵȥԼ
һʼӵܺѡ˳Ӽ࣬ѡڹӼ࣬ҲһЩѡ뿪
Щ뿪֮ˣ߽ᱻָһĻţ֮ԼѡԼĳ·
ҶϷѡھǿһҾ¥ȡһȤĵ飬һҼԺΪ¥
¥ʵһ̽ϢĵطΪ¥Ҳԭԭ¥ҵԼĸ׵ĸϡ
ֵһǣΪ̫֮ӣȻҲʮѧҶϷ翪꣬˺ϻ￪ġ
¥ΪԼܣҶϷʱûμӵĴ㣬ǴԺ֮ʱ
ҶϽֳ·ˣϵСܿȡΪҶ
ӴˣӸߣÿ춼ڵ£Լĵλÿ޹Թ޹ÿμ涼Ӿӡ
֮ΪҶ⣬꽥֮ҲԽԽˣÿȴǺѸ㶨
ҶϷԭΪӦûὥճ⺢ȴԽԽճˣճ˵ĳ̶ȣǵҶϷ緳ʤ
ȻҲں̶ܴҶϷĳֿҲоԼһˡ
ǵĴǱطһʱ䣬Ѿ˶·ݣеĺȻûмٵ˼شͣ񴺷磬ƶ硣
ҶϷʮ꣬Ҷʮꡣ
⼸һ⣬ҶϷæýŲմأҶÿλؼҶӰ⼸ʲҪȥѧϰ֪ѧЩʲôʱ˶ܴڻֺ̿Ͳ֮С
Ϊʲ˽֪֮ʲܺãСֻҪҪģʲĻӻǻʵ۵һ
֪ʲΪ⣬ҪǱ֪ˣ϶һЩ粨ҶûҪʵۣҪڵڹһ硣
ȥһʲ飬Ȼʲƺ˵һҪ󣬵ڶĹȥ
һֱҶ⣬ԭҸ߿ҶҲˣ鷳겻ѡ
⼸컹ڿǵǷҪ뿪ѧʵݣڹѧѧϰƺ֮ҲûΪӵĺܶж
ԭҪҸҲҲˡ
ÿ춼оϵ˼֣ÿ춼սսԣϣܹؼңӴġ
ȻƺûʲôãΪҶϷææҲˡ
ˣҶӵķ꣬ƢԽԽ֣󲻸ҹܣԱزˣﰲοԼ˵ڹҶܣ޹ء
ҶȸæԼ϶֪Ҫã˵ɾ͸ɣڶȥҶϷ硣
ȻȥʱҶϷûڵ˵ҶϷ컹ûͳȥˣȥҲһ֪
ϵʱԭΪҶϷȻˣҶǿĵģȴǶȸ˵
ҶȸԼ˵ԼҲͲ⼸Լĺӡ
Ȼ˷ŭǣҶϷϴֱ֮ϴ˯ˣûþʹƽȵĺҶһ
ϵģҶⷭȥ˯ţ˵Ϣȴ೤Զóˡ
ԭ벻ܲ˽ֳ뷨Ҳ¹սĹԣüƣССͣ˯ʱüͷš
ŵΪ࿪ýü¹ҫµĴҲ۾ˣü֮Ĺ֡
Ҷ˲۵ҪסﱾͲȱǵǮΪҪÿǵ⣬Լ۳⸱ģ
һ̣˭ҴŵϢ϶һŹ
ȻʱѾˣǰһڡѸ硱롰Ѹ硱ıԵ
ҶЧҲ˫̫ϤҶϷŵüͷڷ
Ҷ͵¹ĴҲͺܺÿһ̣Ҷøͺ·òκ˿ҫ¹⡣
Ҷŵ´ˣ/Ÿ񾲿Ŀ˯˼Ϊǰδ˺ÿԺҪ࿴ñ˿ȥ
ϷһУҶϷ綼û˿ڶһֻоˬÿë׶ѵõɺ
⼸첻߲ݶѻƣƺҲΪһ˯߶ʧ
ҶϷĿǰ⣬ôҹڣֻҪϢһϾͿԻָȫʢʱڡ
ߵߣŷִǱ˵ģһжƣȻŪģҲǰǰ¹һǺɫģϣͻͻȻ
ҶϷýֺͷ붼֪˭ɵģһУǺӲЩİչˣȻʱƤʱԵúġ
ӵÿ䶼ǣֵܶˣ޹ԼҶ֮⣬˶ܿӣ⼸ҶϷϵõİ

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ͻεѾӦڰ۾ԾرϣӦһ۾ա
ҶϷ뵽ȻִڽĿΣ츳ûСƨĺã־ȱϯҪѧҵΪϣȷʵЩѡ
Щ꣬˸տʼѧĵһ꣬ҶԼǰ۵ĸָ񶷼ӮҶ⣬֮Ҷ֮󣬴ӴҲûӮСͻȻԼĵһ㡣
ǰҲһȭڴ弶˵Ǻˣһѧ̩ȭʵսȵǺܷḻģȴʮ꿪ʼ˴ԼĵܵܣЩ꣬ҶϷ綼ѧβȴܵܵĲԽԽԶ
һϢʱ䣬ҶϷȴûΪѧξʹˡ
һϴ֮䳡ʱڽûڣǰǰѵԼѵ
޹Ҳ̫һԼӣһεεĺˮҲƵġ
޹õظпǸڹӺˣʲô֪ԴӹӿʼӪԼ֮Сжңһֱһͷǿ׳ţʹáǱţҪҡ
ѵϢһ죬ͻȻҶϷ͸оЩģһͷ鷿֪ȥЩʲôȥˡ
Ҷֳ֪ڼңҲܺŵҶԼֱӱ鷿
չͿֳԡϼ֮£ϱȾһ⣬ƽʱһɫʥɫʣ·
鷿ǽ϶飬ԼɾΪгһ⣬û
ÿΰ˵鷿̫ȤһɫԶûУҶϷҲֻǲÿɷô
ҶʱҶϷʲô飬üͷֲԾһҶ⿴֮󣬲֪Ϊоܲ
ϲֳüͷ
ҲûͿ粽ǰߵԣ泯ܵͷϾ֣Щֱ࿪Ծøü
ҶϷһ±ƣԼҵܵǳӵķ磬˵к
ҶϷҲǸƢõģ̴˫ԼֵצӣûģջؼҾҪıɱֳǳˣ
ҶȻط֣ȴЩĵصʱüǻԼüͷԼסһ֧ʣѿˡ
ҶϷÿô˻ôСƢҲЩ⣬һ£оָȷʵЩ壬Ծüˡ
Ҷ⿴ӣشЦ
ҶϷź֪òƸոͷʱֲԾüͷʶܸо繵ְ塣
ҶϷҶһۣعͷȥ飬Ǿѿ֮˲Ϊ磬ǱϽ߿ɱʱ䣬߲ˣҲҪﰭۣǰʱ񴨸ҵǱԨơ
ǰ֣ǹѧ̫Ȼ٣鷿඼Ǵҳ¼ġ
Ҷ⿴˿ԼһֳֻۣЩζֵⶼûúôһˣֳȴԼһ۶ûУֻʲô顣
ҶϷһתҶ⻹վԭûжҲ֪Щʲôϱȴãûصģ˳ӲˣԽʹˣһ鶼ʹˣԽԽŮӶûôġ
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Сӣô˻һ첻Ƣˣ߲ߣһַ˯˾ըë
ǰֱƶıɽߵľͶģûһԼ֪һΪ㰲ݣҲٽԼ˱˵ʵ˲١
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Ҷ⻰Ҳû⼸ǳ׵׵ؼʶ˸˵ĺĻ
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ʵԷԸ޹æң޹ȴȥȥˣǲڡ
ҶϷãһͷ鱾
ҶòײŴԼæµûκοʱֳۼȻڿѧʣ׼ԣò벻ܲˤŶߡ
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Ȼ뷨ֻһ룬ɲ˵˵ܲסֳ۵ӡ
ʵҶϷɺܼ򵥣磬һӣҪԼǾⲻҪԼõһЩȨܲǿԼ
˵ӵܶԿ¸ûκȤǴһע˸һȣ˿ΪһְֶȴصģֻҪ£Ժ˸ְܻλģҲְֻλ΢ߵͰˡ
෴ҶϷȡȴ٣ѧﵽĿǰΪֹһ
ѧЩ˵˭ҵĵӣǲܽ빬ѧģҶϷ֮ǻʵ谮ĵܵܵĳӣʶ⡣
ҶϷô꣬ǰĻ˼꣬ﵹ⣬ֻĶ͹
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Ϊǰӵзḻ龭ҶϷ˵Ͼ˺ѵʱԺӦԵļ˵ҪҲ̫ѡ
ҶϷӹ飬Ѿʱֻ¶ʱˣƽ˼ңΪֻٷʱ򷹵ˣЩѫ֮ңһͣʶʱ䶨ʱ̡
ѧѧȴ磬δʱ̾ѧ̫ͷϣҲᳬʱҲ˵м⽫һʱʱ䣬СӲ֪Ĺȥˡ
ҶϷ統ʵպιʻ
ԭΪῴСηССһקܲءߡһ
ҶϷ˲ŭˣѧŸϽؼңĥ䵽ʱŻؼңһȻûкɫӻԽԽˡ
⼸ĥϣԩСÿαԩ඼⸱飬ʶסƢһ䣺һɡ
ɣǽڣҲζţΪķǹٷ¼ģôͲˡ
ҶͲصսˣĽղŷ֣
ҶϷһͿƲסðСӣűˣ˭ĵ˵ؼңȴӲŲӸ˦ݻ˭ĵӣ
ҶϷ磺˵ɡ쬵ģȻѹء
ҶҲ֪þգʱʲù̫һЩȨı֮ʶ֮бȨÿֻڹѧѧϰ֮ʱ䶼ȥѧϰǱʲڹԵġ
ҶϷ翴Сνģ˽⣬ֻСż֣ο
֪ʱԼʶҶϷķŭͲͷҲȫʧˣҲطŻˣ֪ˡ
͵ͬʱһЩҶˣȴֱ治Ǻܿ϶ǣµĵһӦһᷳĿģһЩõ
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ҶϷ类һҲĥЩеûģȴЦˣСӶü¶⣬Ӧʲô£
Ҷֱ׳ѳȥһôĵܵܣȥ¥ԼϲĶԼϲ£֮ÿ춼ͷƵüͷ顣
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ҶϷ˿֪ʵ۲ܺҶ⣬Ҳ̲סΪģΪ¶ʹҶĴС
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Ҷ⵹ǲ⣬磬֪ˣıǡ
ҶϷ룬־Լ⻰ʵЩࡣ
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ҶȻǺصͷǰжϵľȨΪʵѲúɽڹڽǸ֪Сء
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ҶϷԴǺο
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ҶϷΣ̾ϢСӵĲԽԽԶˣˡ
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Ҷ޹ӣ档
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磬ҵġ
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ʵϰ߻ǰγɵģΪʱãΪ˲ãĽ£ҶϷÿζôǲ
ʱҶȻҲ⣬ҲΪ£ЦÿҶϷ翴ʲôʺҶ
ÿζһĽʵ˵ܻܵӣڼҵʱ޲ܾͽ۾ﲻˣĴ޺öȥҿԺӵĴҲ˰ɡ
һı飬ҶϷÿζװûҲûûҵһĹⱲӴҲǲжӵģ⻰ȫ⣬ǰӵȷʵӡ

粻ȥ

ҶϷķģڽ̻Ի͵Ļʹ֮еĻʵ۾ûôˡ
ʵ۴̫ѯ⼸Ҷѧϰ̫εҡͷ̲ס̾ŪûʵҲɵý
ڻʵ۱¿Ҫ̲סƢʱ̫Ƶ˵£ȷʵѵһ˲ţ߱һλӦеƷʣ䱸Ҽ顢ϵŵջ󡢶¾ѸĻǸȱȴΨȱһʶϳɾãӲʺλá
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Ȼ˺˺ˣΪ˵ʺλã
ʵȻҪʳڣ֪Ժ⣿˺ã߱ΪӦ߱һƷʣΪΰ仹˵ʺλá
̫ŻʵЩЩĪĲģʵҲһսûãȵ۴˽ɽûüػȹȥֵⷱһ˴ġ
˵Ӧκ˶֮ƫƫ벻ףǵԣԹ壬ɴ˵ҲԿҶǺӵӳ̶ȡ
ڻʵΪ˳谮Ҷ⣬ΪΪ֪֮һ̫ҲԸٶЩ¡
̫Ӧϳǡ
ʵ۳˼һЦˣҲˣȻӦ˵۰κãȴһϵеӡ
̫ͷ
ΪΧȫʵ۽ˣ滹и߹԰ţʶ˵ǶûвҴţϾ鷿˵ҴҪɱͷġ
ʵȴԴЩΪȻ԰ʵˣһϸĵȷʵӦӵ̫飬ɰСûоκĥѣܹΪó裬ظȻظ飬ϲҲҽɽи
ʵ̾˿ͨʱ֪̽ҶⲢҪΪ˾ĻʵۣµңԴ˱⣬ǲ̫ǵΪʲˡ
ʵ۶ЩСǹװˣҶȴʹ˷
̫ȴΪԴˣչһҵֻۣϧ˭Ҳ˵˭˾ٹ۲쿴
ǡĹЯҪ˴ҪʻͣȻĸŮӣʶĸȤѡһӳɻ顣
ԭʵѾź˽ӴѡҶͻСʵ۲ΪӴѡǳһ¶¶һϵϿɡ
Ȼڵλѡ֮£˴μƻҪı䡣
ʵ۲ҶΪ˴׶֮һһͻСȴǵ갲ѾΪةҵŮʵ۲ɢ׮Ե
һҪҶ⣬ֻҶƽʱ׽ҶϷҲΪ˴׶֮һԽ۲ҶԴе̬ȣǷһλϸĵѡ
ҶϷ绹֪ӵ־Ȼϡ
ӵϢʱ򣬵һӦǻŪˣڶӦǣ˳磬ʮˣԳΪ˵ɷ
ȻҶϷϣֻЩŮӵĿϣÿοЩͿźһۣ֬һ磬ΪƷλģüŪһԲΡ
ÿҶϷ翴ŮʱȻ̲ססȻͷ߹
󣬱Ҫģͷ񣬷棬ǽ޿ޣȻʵǱģµüڱ˿ĵط˲١
֪Ϊ˴ᣬʹ˲СڱϣȻϲֵģҶϷȴµǳ֮鷳
ʱӴӵϣһ¸Ϊ֮һʫһף֣һΪʢΪ粻ȥ
ʵĵýǻһǣò׵ȵʵۺʹߵ֮ſʼϯϻвŮ죬˶ٵۣ֬ŶٵױҶϷ۾ۣܵСˡ
ҶϷ֮󣬾ͿڲԶĵܵԼüŪۣҶϷװûԹԵغǰľơ
룺СӶôԶĵطˣ黹˶ࡣ
ҶϷԭͷƷƣʱľƲûǰôңǲºȶ˾ҶϷҲӦ˲٣ڵҲЩˡ
ҶϷĲɵغžʱͻȻһ¼ŵЩڵϡ
̧ͷףǰ֮Ƥûּ̧Ⱦơ
ϵ˳عȴ뾹Ȼ֮ϻ˴󵨣ûܽסţͻȻһֻٶһ£ˤڵϣʱ˶ꡣ
˵ˣ˴Ҳμ״ģһǻʵصעҶϷڲߵ̫
飬ôǰûҹһ񾹷ˣδ̫Щɡ
԰գһɥɥģҶϷֱһš
Ȼ֪ʵΪͻȻμ״ᣬҶϷȴͽ¶ˣֻ뾲ĵϢߡ
ҶϷ΢Цǲ뱻˱ѹ͸Ͻұ죬ϽȥĹȥ
ƱͻȻסβ͵ĺ꣬ݺݵһҶϷֻƵԼλã̰ĹεĻ쵰ȻȻвˣԺ󲻱
ҶϷ絹˿Ӱ죬ͷеľƣòñʱŷǳ̫ͬʹˡ
һˣšº͡ǿʹ׾ԼȺ֮⣬Ȼвע⵽
ļЩ߹Թ󣬺ܶ߻ЯŮ죬ҶϷƽʱڴֳϣЩ˿ǸףҲΪ档
ͨ˼ҳӸ߹ΪҶԵʣʵ۶ҲΪʶȴûй׽
ҲϲֽʣǰѾ飬һೡϣƣʶܶͻȻʱҪһ
ȻЩ֮ҲΪŮӵģһ谲Ĺ֮һʱ䵹ԥҲ˼ԼῴˣԺ󶨳ɴš
Ϊ谲ΨһӣһǳӣݵλһЩҵҲûв٣οСС;Ϳţ˵껹Ҫ׼μǡ
ܷԣȴɼǸõġ
ϯｻ䣬ÿ˶˵˵ЦЦ̬ʮ㣬СڳԼǰľƲˣԼĴ㡣
ҶϷ粻ЩҲ֪Щ˵Ĵ㣬ֻǰԼλϰسԺȣ鱾֪ʶ֪ʶ塣
ڳܲմȾ
ģҶϷ羴ƣ֪¿ĲٶԽԼ֮Ҳ̹Ȼ֪ʶ£ϴǡôһ΢Цһߺš
ǰҶϷȻ˸˼µ˼ɣմȨԺûȨ֮ǰͬܶϵҷԴ֮£ʶЩҲһŤ
䣬λϺƺһ㣬ͲϴҶ⣬ҪһģǱʵŶֳܶļ꣬Щ߹Թǵ޲ܽ˼ҰһƤ
ҶϷ翴ֱЦϵЦ֮˺Ҳ˲١
ǰڵӣδûεԭڿ֮ͳȥ˻Զˣȴ뻹ǰܸԼܸǸʱʱ̸̿棬һһ硱Скվƻһƴǡ
ԼǵԽԽĵܾܵȻԼһۣȻתͷȥ˵ı顣
СӣԻͦʱǵСˣҲ֪СЩʲôȴ



Ϊ谲ӣ䲻ߣеݻеģʶǰ֮˲١
ҶϷһһǫػؾȥϴŴֲԵٵЦݣÿһÿһ仰νиɻһһ֮䣬Գһַǡ
˾ЩվƽȵػؾЩ֮ˣѿףͬһĿͼΧ˶ʱȻʧɫ
ϯ䣬Щ࿴Ů˼һĶòУȴֲòٶ࿼һЩ
ȻҲһ۾ͿˮӣһһһһЦһһһʱ֮侹Ȼˡ
عżǵĶǺʧģʶµͷ򶨵ضһˮԼʲŵʧ
ʵλã˵һСȻӲ۾ǡҲ˰˲ʧ񣬵ǶҶϷָ߿һۡ
ǰÿʱľλֳʵΪҶϷһ˽⣬ȴ֪ò̫⺢ӵǺ㣬ڻʵκ˶ȲҶ⡣
һʵۣҲȷʵû̫ʱȥ˽һӣҲֻΪԼϲֶҪĵ֮ܵܿˣֻҪ֪޺ģʵȻỨ̫ʱȥע
һȺ֮˵ס֮ʱûˣҶϷ˵ԼʤЩˣϽ
װЩ˵ģװģذסͷŲһ£ŵԱߵ˸Ͻվˡ
վ֮ҶϷ糯˵лʾøţԼȥ߾ͺˣҲٶԣͽŲƯʵٶȼˡ
˼ȻЩ⣬·ٶһܿ죬ΪӦûʲô£ͷȥˡ
߳һ紵泩
ҶϷͺܺãǰʱտʼּҵкܶవԵ֮ˣΪܹĿı飬ȥרҵԱѵ
ݣȾȷʵƴܲʲô¶һϲƿһ֮ˣӲԼϣȫڱϡ
ʶʹ˽ʮ౭ƣʵҶϷһ¶ûУȻѵòˡ
һٵĵطżƫƧĵطȥǵòԶһͤӣ죬ͤܶҶͰɫСϣѰ˸
˵ʹصλüУҲմ˲ҶǱ˸Ĺ⡣
ʱҶʱҪһֻϲ̻Ի͵ĻʹÿǸƴǣҶɹĴ֮١߾ҶʴֵԼһʱҶĴ䡣
Ȼռе·ߣһԼڷ΢ͤӡ
ͤеķһУܹ㣬ҶϷ򿪣һһԵԵˡһϹԼһµĵģڶ裬ҶϷмӣֺ˼衣
ΪЩΪ׼ģȣʹÿͤﶼᱸĽС
ҶϷԭΪͤӵشЩƫƧǲЩȻˡ
ҶϷŸպһ裬һԹʹƮŵҶϷ㽫ոȥ³
˴Ǻþ°
ҶϷһȻ˾ҶϷ̲סĺþҪΪֹˡ
ͺþ±ƻټϻһҶϷȻܲ죬ٺõľûп֮һ֮ˣͻȻƻҲõˡ
˵껹ݺݵҶһۣⱻҶס¹֮ͤ£Ҷ⻹ܲܿԼˣӶܵĻ飬ҶϷҲ˲ˡ
ҶϷԷһֱվԭغɵһ㣬߽һЩƾϺõ⧲ײԷһ˫̵ͨ۾Զ׼ķŭ̡ί
һģ˫ƽʱ鶯۾ʱҲȫʧȥƽʱĻҶϷʱΪ֮һʹ
ǵһμ˳Ĭ˵Ҷ⣬һʱ䣬ҶϷ羹Ȼû˻
֪ԼղŵĻ˵ʵЩȴҲǸ
˾ԼϤǰһ̵ģӲԼĻƢҲö֮׽Ӷɢв죬֪£ȴǷŲȥǸ
ҶϷ׽֮ǰһû¶ȵˣǰֻҪܹΪԼ棬ԽԼȫװЦ̵ģ
ǰΪλϸߣѾҪֺκˣÿջҪ֮˶Ƕ£ȻýԼүүΪԼ֮Ͼһ˿Цա
һΪһл㲻Ҷǰ֮»Ƿˣʶȥ٣ʱҲܹԣǼϤ֮ǰȻʱʱ¶Լԭ顣
֮ǰҶϷԭǲ̫עģʶԼ֮󣬾úܲӦãҲȥȴûЧʱǻϾ׽⼸ˣƤĺ˲
Լҵܵܣٱǲ׵ĸ
Ȼʱ˿̣һοܵ¶⸱ţʧı֮ҶϷϰԺģԺһҪԼ
ֵܶ˾һʱ䣬ҶƺǱòᣬһֱûлһµĵ㣬һ
ҶϷԼܵǰǶΪֳļӵģǸƺЩݣڴȷʵڼֻЭǸʲűͻȻˣʶЩڲԡ
ٶ˵Щʲô죬ҶϷҲҲ˵ˣֻóҶ߽һļ硣
һȴҶ㿪ˣҶϷֶʱڿзҲǣҲǣƺû뵽ִСƽʱҲûôƽϰ
ҶϷ绹ջֳ֣Ĭһ
ʱóǶ࣬СͤѾѬ㣬ҶЩ׽вӶñġ
ҶվһѾһֻҧ˸С㣬طģҶϷҲ·סˣӦҲкֻܶ࣬ǱСӴµסˡ
ʱСûѬ㣬ܻС㣬ʱҲУ໹ڳϡ
ҶϷ̾˿ųСվŶҲǱ˵ѨƵģֻýԱߵʯϣѬƵԱߣٴӻнԼЯҩĨϡ
Դ֪Ҷó֣֮һ죬ҶϷͺȻҩ࣬ҩ
Ҷֵģ˲ЩʶЩҲֻҶϷˡ
ҶϷ涫ܣҶѾлƨɺ浽ܣϰȴһֱҲûиĹ
ͻȻоģǰֳͻȻŴдκЭʱרעظԼͿĨҩࡣ
ҶͻȻԸƫ
ҶϷ磺
ҶϷ罫ǿٶһԡԭһµģС̫֪ôˣҶϷɹƹ
ҶϷĿ֮£ҶʱЩˣֻýӲ岻ҶԼ̫ûϢ
ֳ£뿪ֳ㡣
ã硱УֱӸýֳˡ
ҶϷһԾˣʲҲǸˣ㻹ģͻȻܳԼֳѲ㻹ˣ
԰գ
Ҷֳ֣һڴ˷Ϣ׵ܵܶһ˷һѲǻ֮УҿʱŲ鸡㵣ĵʳʣûʲע㾪ϲ֪Լֳʲôǣƻֳ֮ˡ
ҶⱾ˵ģֱﲻס֪Լٲ˵¸Ҳûˣ϶ܡ
ǰֲûзʶֻҪʲôìһ¾ǲԼίŲ˵ȻԿĻԼҶ⾭֮ܽԡ
£ҶͻȻʶˣԸԼֳֻһʱˣСƨֳߣΪһ;¡̸̸˶ǣǲ벻ʡ
ҶϷʱЦˣ˵ǿڲԣҪͻȻˣˣظΪΣ
ʲôǻȺ֪ԼҵܵǿµĲǻҲ֪ûǺֱ飬ܾʾˡ
Ҷ۾һ£漴ְȥֳ˵㻰ͷ֪ʲôһ仰˵
ҶϷ翴ģʶҲûд
ʱͻȻǰ߹һˡ

Դ׵ĵܵ

ҶϷ綨һֻխ䡢Ķ¡ͲƤѥйһƤƤǶžʯͷϴһЩصñӣһɫβ
ҪǣһŮӣһûͿĨۣ֬ɫȻҲȻŮӡ
ҶϷ룬ѾǵжûмؾŮˣŮӳʱһױεϾ̫ҶϷҶϷѾŮˡ
ȻؾȻŮӣҶϷоǰһһ˲о۾˲١
ԭϻŮӳŲױҶϷֱʵĸп
Ҷ̧ͷʱͿԼֳרעؿǰŮӣǰ˵ûпģרעȡ͡òƻЩοҶպɫ˲ֺȥˡ
֪ΪʲôͻȻо䷳ֳ꣬۾бˣ޲ǰסֳߣǸŮ˳ʧ
ҶϷǰһ΢΢һЦҶϷȹ
ҶʱҲٷƢˣСӣֻƵҶȹ
ҶϷ֮ǰֻԶԶؿһλû˼ҲϾ⹬װҲֻλˡ
Ҳһļ񣬵繫ӣӡ
ҶϷ绹ΪԷܸʶԼ뾹ȻλֱӽгĳνﲻԾָλһøС
Ҷﲻɵÿʼ̰Ÿôʱ䣬Ȼ֪˸֣һǲġ
ҶȴԼֳǰ۵ЦݣﷳΪǶٴɫһʶŮ˺ɫ
ԽԽ
ϯϼ񣬷棬ǰύһʱ˶ӣΪӴ㣬뾹ȻڴӣΪˣҲǿġ
ҶϷѵü˵ˣò飬ûǲҲ̶õױݣɫ𪡣
ɫǰδеĺã˵ҲԾһЩ׽ºͣޣǹڴڼ䣬кβϰ֮ɲȥרź֮ˡ
л繫ӣ֮ǰ˵繫ʮ㿼ţ׼ˣĸˣҴСҲĸһѧϰĻĻȤ֪ѧϰ;ɷ̷繫ӣ
Ҷ⣺ðһ䣬ˣʵֳ֪ܶʶ֪ܹȫΪӦԵļɣк⣬GԼֳĪҪҡ
ҶϷ磺
ȣҶϷһҶ⣬ʾ졣ԭίؾģڱСŪβѣֻӦˡ
Ҷɻ֪Լİ컵ˣžء
ҶϷ磺ҵһʱͻӱȽֱҲ˵ʵҵѧʶȷʵҵܣʵǿҼҵܣ֮֮ҲἫ𣬵Ҫ۴ҵ󣬻ǹѧ̫Ǹȥǡ
νһЦˣл繫ӣʱȲλĪҪޱʱĸ˵ѧ̫һŸ߰˶ѧʶḻҲȥݷá
ҶϷѲֻӦ£ˣ֮ҵܶڸй
΢΢ǰ㣬öͷӣ
ҶϷ簵鵹ǺˬĺøҲ˼֣Ҳ˼ϣȻһԣ׷
۾æ֮ǰպѧǡ֪˼繫Ƿ񾭳˵Ĵʣ
ҶϷͷ΢ЦϾĸʶõЩȤҡᡷǱ˼԰ѧϰЩ
ȣл繫ӣ֪ȿɷͤһ
ҶϷǿһ¸ںڹԷͷ֮ŵ㣬ʲæ빫˵빫
ȵ繫Ӳ⣬¶Ҳ֪ЩĻǣȵҪЩˣȼϯеõȴݣرǺôƻܺʲô¶ûУжҲһܹ繫㺣ôƻûһʶҪ빫ӽύһĪͻǡ
Ҷ⻰̲ס͵͵˸ֳۣ˾Ȼչˣֵһ˵Ѿ۲ֳǷ£Щֳһ
뵽ˣҶвʣԾˡ
ڹҶ֪СпЩõ飬æʾҪȹӦҲûɣĶ˼ô
ȻڹҲֻõҶĲΪĳ
ֳѵҪЦӭͿģΣ
ڹǱߵİȿֻõͷ۲ΪСڻûľͺˣЩūĸҹܰ
ڹ֮ǰ̫ߵˣ̫ǰЩߺ󣬱ֵ˻ʵ۸ǰźȻʵ۶λӵ̬ȿҲ֪Ϊʲôʵ˳谮ӣλٳֻҪڣⱲܲˡ
ҶϷ粻֪Լĺõܵ˽µСΪλԸòҲΪϲЩֲΥƣʶԸǿͣϷԸÿ˶Ӧ
֮һЩʫʣΪ뿪̫ãҪˣʶһ󣬰ȺҶϷֵܶһǰһһ뿪ͤӣԻصԼλ
Ҷ⻹ʵ۰ԵһۣʾЩҶⲻΪ⣬ʲÿζȴķҲ޿֡
ڼ䣬Ҷ⼸˵Щʲôȴֲ֪Լܹ˵ʲôѲҪҪ粻Ҫ˵ǲŮ˵
뵽Ѿʮ꣬׵䣬ֳָ˵׻Ӱ飬Ѿ߸˵ػֳźһźõ£Ѿһʵδɩˡ
뵽⣬Ҷһ仰˵ˣ˶һήҲ״̬
ҶϷ翴ûɵӣһʱҲû⣬СӾ磬һһףҪ˶þͻá
֮ļ죬ҶϷŰһˣԻϤʱڹѧؿ˿ΣҶϷѾ뿪ѧ֮¹ؾص
ϻ̫ξҵճŮ正ֳʷ֮Ůḷ́ʹΨһСҶʫӦܹճھŮλˣλСꡣ
ӣҶϷҶֵܹ߸ˣֱǻϺմӲģة֮Ҷ壬ټϰȵĵ̩ܵܰ裬һǰ
ҶǻʵģϾôλȹķǴѡˡ
Щ֮УҶҶ⣬ÿھжСвҶϷʮţǾйϵţ黭뾩ǡ
Ҳеţֻϧһŵȥ̣ҲȻûйŴʿũ̡ôĽ׼֣˵ܵ˵ҲǺܵͣȻֱӴ֮˱֮ˡ
Ҷ壬ǶΪҶϳѾףʺٲμʵĻ̫СֻýȫȨʮĵҶ壬ҶƲѡ
Щֽ꣬ΪŮλҲԼĹϵǲ
УҶϷͣȴͰߵʶջ˭ңʵҲöۡ
ΪǰԼѡ
ڴ˴ενǷǳųģųԼѾ˹ѧҪǿŵѧϿΣ뵽ҶϷΪ֮һﵹ˲٣춼źҶĴ˻죬ֻϧҶ⼸Ե޾ɵģһĵùӡ
⼸ʱܹʱضըëҶ⣬⼸ȴģһҲޣʶⶺҶˡ
Ҷǰľǰˣֳ棬ǵСԺвԲȣֳעߣҪǣ˻ÿкܶʱֳһ𣬹ʶÿμܿ˳ۣʱٲþҪǺ䡣
ǸŵģҲϲʶһʱһԲϾͿʼܴܡ
Ȼ죬ҶСӾȻˣǾûڵİҶҲ磬õĶֻҶӵһ޲ġǡ㷳
־Է֮ˣ˵ǲ˴ͷʶÿҶ棬ٶӵҲÿĵġ
ҶϷÿֵÿ˸ָĵĸЦͬʱҲע⵽Ҷ⼸ĲͬѰﵣĲѡ
˵ҶϷע⵽ˣûһĻʵҲ˵ˣżòУΪԼǱֶôˣÿ춼ҪһҲʱ̫Ŀγͣˡ
Ȼʵ۹۲˺ܾãҲ֪ôˣҲʲȥˣЦǺǵرʾж긣ʵһأҪҶ̲ס˵ǰСҲﲻס£ʶʵſЦء
ֻϧô죬Ҷ֢״û֮ʧ򻺽⣬ԽԽأʵҲԽԽԹ֮ûʲôϵҶϷ磬ΪֳȲŹԼܵܣǸ棬ǵģ࣬úùԼܵܡ
ʵˣ⻹ҶϷ񣬲˼ǻʵۣʵԵʱ˵˵ʲô
˶ҶõĲѣҶϷԴûʲô
⼸췢ȫһ飬Ҳ˼⣬ȡ˸ʵһĴʩڼҵʱˣ϶˵е飬ֵǸСԺҶ˵֪˶٣ֻϧҶȫûоһϵб仯
ǿ׵İЩߣȴûиҶϷ硣

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Ӷһ粻ǱҼǵǰСƨ棬ĶĶ˦˦ֳ˵ζΣ
Ҷ̧ͷֽͷȥŵϵϰңڹԣ̲סǺ˰һ䣺Ҹû˦ңߣҸ磬θθĳЩˣԼ˵Ҵ类ߵζΣǰҲܹ𣿺αңܾܲˣĸɱֳĸöˣȻֻܡ
Ҫˣǰ֪СӶ˹ĸһƴ쾹Ȼ˱Ƶģ˵һǧ˰ٵʽõó
ôǸճ˱ˣ˵ǳԴˡ
Ҷ̧ͷЩŵؿ۾żӵĳƵĿŰ漴ûƵģ۲ϰңһְĻߣȫ̶ǵĻȥ
һŴҶǱĿзӦɵø̾⻹ҶϷǸ˲¹ͷ˽̳ĺӣֱһģһ
ûӦ˵Ҷ⣬оһû˶־ĶЩȴ̲סЦ
ģȥĳˣֻ޹֮ˣбȥʲôȹȥСƨһѲ㻹һֻϣһЩණ
ҶŽߴǶתƵϣνصкβɣ
ЦˣкβɣСӿ涺ΪһֻСϣ͵ȹ߰ɡ
ҶվϲڵΪʲôȹȥ

ٴαҭ˵İֻһ仰ҶϷ˲ģӺľȻ¿ηΡ
Ǻ˭ᰡҲҪ˼ȹּûѧʶֳò֮ûȤûȤֲޱӣϾֳˡ
Ҷһֻŭʨһݺݵ˰һۣתͷҲصˡ
һͲӰ
СҶϷĵܵΣ۸ֳѵܸܰһСƨ
ȻǾԲԼΰܸСƨġ
Ҷһ·СŹȥʱǸɶŮֲŸ磬⽫ɴУʱ۾һͷһĶŰȿ
۾̫רעҲ̫䣬ԭ²ûӹĴİ̲סѰߵˡ
ʱպôҶϷ磬ò˵ҶϷ˲֪̫ˣ̫ˣǼ˺ܾöַΣöˣҶϷһζû䣬òףڽɴҶϷǡͣÿ˶ֻؿҶϷ硣
ҶʱľǰȽɴʱ䶪ҶϷһ˲䣬԰ֱӴԹޣܹɱ˵Ļһ˲Աɡ
ҶϷе㵣Ҷ⣬ԭҶֶһ˲֪ҪȥʱӦøϵģʱǡñҶʫסҶʫʱͿҶӰˡ
⼸ҶϷҲ˵ĥùǺʶܹܵһʱȻǸϽߵܵ꺮ů
ҶϷ⣬ŲȴһҲֻĽŲһģ
ĳżȴֵµӣ˵Ŀڲһװģľ͵ģαضš
ҶϷ翴ӵԼһѾ㶨ЩɣìܵŰ
ȻƽʱܲŵƤЦģȫһڻҶϷ˦ʽ˦Ҳûʲô£ʱ¥ҲᶪһЩҶϷֵС
Ϊ֪˹ؼʱ㿿ףʶʳҶ⼸춼ʲôͷֵĹ
ҶϷ֪԰ԣ϶ΪԼܵܣһֻ۱һֻˡ
ȥ˺δ֪һᵣģ´ȥǵø˵һ
ҶɵòУͷֳģ֪ˣǸôҵˡ
ɵðȶøղǱԼĴȿһֿۣƿߣ˰ҶⱾ⣬ûκ˲
ҶҶˣֱִ߳ҶϣԹСӿ԰⼸һת۾ͼˣŰôˣȻһˡ
Ҷһۣ
ԴСʱһ֮󣬲֪ĹϵԽԽãȥǣ֮Ūüɹ
춼ȥˣǳȥҵʲôİɣ繫㲻ڼ俴ܵء
Ҷ⿴һۣǻϺմӲģ⼸ͺλϺĵմ˵Ļ࣬ôˣҲֻвĻʱʱ˵˵
˵Ҷֲ´ζһ𣬭Gڴ˶лҹģֻǭGˣǴԼģĪҪңҪңǻòˡ
ҡҡͷᣬҵڿܻøġ
ҶֿʼͲ˵һЩĻ
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̹ͬ˵Щ棬ҶԼֳҶ֮⣬ϲġ
ĺвţ˵Ǻܿ˵ϣȴºֹͣ°ĸоҲаǰǸһ׽ĸоԼԭ򣬺˵죬˲оڡ
ĻҶһνΨһرѣǰѣҶһĴǻµģǰܾЩº͵ʵݵģͱԼֳҶϳ
ҶϷ翴Լҵܹܵ˱ˣȴûӦԼĻ۾İȥ
̼ᶨ΢΢ͷʾԼĺҶ̸ˡ
ҶϷ翴鲻αŷŹҲ˵ѡ
ҲҪϿˣĪҪܳȥˡҶϷ
֪ˣֳ
ϵʱ򣬰͵Լϵ鱨ȥҶϷ硣
˵ҸŪҺõܵЩڱŤʲôͽĹ𣿡
ŭ壬֪Ǳģ·ϸϵüˣģ߶УҲҿҶʱڣȻ϶Ҫʹһ
ҶϷ絭ط±ʣӵھĹĹ̫ˣҵĹ϶Ҫѹ¥ĹܵģһҲϲãϽӦ֪
ͣըˣԼ£Һθɣ
ҶϷ赭дһۣٿԼ϶ѵ߹ͷĸİĬ
˲ƿԣԼ⡰ȷʵЩ˹
˶࣬ҶԾ¥Ϥѵ㲻Ūˣʧܴġ
ҶϷ
ȻشҶϷԿ⣬һƻǰռˣɴӳԶõôĻҶϷ硣
ðϤ¥񣬽ʱ֣޹Լ¥еĸϹ֣ר־ش¥ͺˣʱͻɺܶࡣ
һҲ֪ԼûˣҶϷ紦Щһʹһѡ
Լû£Ҳ࣬ȥһʱͿãܾܹһ˾ʲôҲͻȥʶһԱ˵
Ҿ벻ˣССƴʲôЩǻԷ𣬲ȻЪһ¡
ҶϷüͷû̧һµ˼İ֮С
ģɧš
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ҶϷԼһҪסˣˣֻҪɫ϶ܹȥȾ ֻܵԼԼõķ
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ҶϷ̫ȤˣԺ˭޸˭ù
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۾ˣӦûʱɣƽʱʱĹ
ҶϷ翴һۣû˵ȥ䵹һ衣
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ҲźһˮóϣԼŰ˵ôڸȻû뵽Ⱥˮ˵ȻÿҶϷtaiǰо̶˲١
ˮ󣬰ҶϷҪȥЩͷ۵İϽסǣ㲻ЪҿӦôӻһֱæڰɣ治֪ΪʲôҪôҪ˵谲İɣûҪôҪƴ
ƤЦݣüͷסҶϷļ
ҶϷһ£첻˵ŵƴͲˡ
ͬ⻰㣬ζ䡣
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ҶϷ粢ûлش⻰
Ҳ˲ûлشԼĻˣԡͣ
żһ֮󣬰ʣôͻȻ뷨ԣӦô뷨뷨ӦòһһϦγɵġ
СʱͿܹΪԼһΣΪκԼҶϷҲƭʵȷʵˣ뷨ʱžꡣ
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òΪҶСӣ⽫Լƻ˰ɣ
˵ԽԽãҶϷǱɰĵܵӳ̶Ȼпܡ
ҶϷȴϵҡͷᡣᶨ
ڶҺ⣬ȫҶ⵱׵ܵĹÿ˶ӦԼû˭ܹ˭һӣûҪΪκ˷Լ֣ҲҪκΪʲô
쿴¥鱨˵ڰдѪ䣬ʶЩꡣ

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˵ǵʱҶɱҶϷףҶϷĸףԼС檡
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ҶϷ׾ӵѪҲ˵ͬѪ
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ЩҶϷһֱѰҴ𰸣Ҳֻ֪֮أʵǰıأǰ֮Ϳʼˣǰʹرء
λǰʹǰʵҳϵĳӺõֵܣʵԻЩ챦֮ˣѪҺΪؿؼҶϷϾλǰʹ
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ҶϷ翴ѪϢ֮Щãϰŵù֮ˣŷԺҲ֪ܵڲ͸¶֪
һЩģҶϷ㽫֮ǰнŲܹ鷿ŵģֻҶһˣʶҶϷ붼֪˭ˡ
Ȼͼ߽ǸոҶ⣬Ѿǰ
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Ҷ񶼲û¶ҪǰˢڸеİһֱȥлһƮŲĲ
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ܲҼǵøвûֲҶ֪Ӻδġ
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԰һҲĽνĲ裬ŵ˵ζʱ̲סԼһ
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Ҷܳȥſȥǵ⡣
ҶϷֱһϣʵģκںӳˣϲôܹʾǵĶҶϷҲֻգΪĺָȻôã鲻ʱܹ
ҶϷ翴ղŻصܵ˲һףһ¶֪ʹףСӵƢ˽ÿ±ԼĻҪ֪СװģҲΪֳСӲŻǰװ
ò˵ҶĳЩСԸҲҶϷ߳ġ
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ֳԱϸģͼʵҪ˺ǸˣǸʲôȹ
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ҶϷü𣿡ֿ˺Щ޴Ҷ⣬ε°ɡ
Ҷⴭ£ͷһֱ̧оԼܶˣôˣȻԼֳĺӡ
ҶϷ翴⸱СģҲڷʡǵҶҪԼǷҲؾܾ
һ£ܾǿ϶ģǿܻǻһµģȻҲܻᳰЦһСӳˣƺҲܹԼ
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ҶͻȻݺһͷҶϷ绳
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ҶϽᣬһὫõĿ磬ĿС
ҶϷЦˣƨϽ𿪣ģ§§ɺͳװװҿɲס
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ҶϷ罫սһߣŸоԼΧĿ˲١
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ҶϷ绹ܹܵסҶ⣬Լӱ̵ֳûҲЪС˼ùˣĬĿǰദģʽ
Ҷⲻ֪Լֳ˶Ц˵ֲǱˣǱҲŲڱϣϴҺȥʱ˯һҲûйϣԶԶġ
˵գԴִյҶϷǰ
ҶϷ翴ͻȻŴĻСֱһĹȥתͷÿĵĳСӣһڡ

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ڶ죬ֵܶ˸߸˵ȥѧ
Ҷ·Ϻܲҵ̫ŰҲ˲úͰ
˴ΰȽǴѧϰʵ׵ĿĶʶҲڹѧиֿγ̡
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ʱ򣬿ԼλñҶȸռ𯳲ȥܵҶϷȥ״
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ҶϷ翴һۣȻ㶼˵ҵܵܣƫҵܵܵģҴˡ
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޲ܽҶϷ˳ȥҶϷҲ⡣
ҶȴóüƵһĨӵĶ
ԼҪСƨƽϣԼһˣҪڴ˵ǺݺݵһҶ⡣
Ŀż˵Ļһ΢ЦؿţҲȥһ㡣
ҶǺܱҶ⸱벻ֳûϢӣÿμֳèƽʱקú޲һɵøɸɾɵһֻӡ
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Ҷûעĵط͵͵ñֱɵҶϷ磬СԾغĸ˼׷ð
緹ʱ䣬СѧԭҲûˣһһ׵˼棬ԭ֮ŮͬϯĹҲڡ
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ҶֳԹֶһ㣬ĸŮӣȻԸзǷ֮룬Ҷۺ޲ӶȥҶʫһۡ
ֻ֪ԵСƨȻסƽʱôãȻסЩֳŮˣͨ籨Ҳа
Ҷʫ֪ԼﰢֳʱջؿЩóԵʵֳ۾ôˣǲǳˣôһֱߣҪһ㣬˵㽫ҵ˷ҪԵ
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Ȼһ䣬СҶʫͰ̩֮⣬˶˵ġ
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Ҷ»ûڵĴ㣬ڴܿĿеͷڲĵҲû
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ҶֹᣬӺɷôС
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ҶϷҲڵϽ̹ӹȥɡ
Ҷ⼫ȻؿһֳƲûзֲⲡװģһ˲ԲȻ𾴣ȻԼǧ㾫ֳҲƭˣ
õģֳҼɣչţõġ
˵սӴԼϣŸӱ˲ٵĲ߳ߡ
ҶϷ翴˽ԶȥıӰԼܵѵطŲĵС壬룺Сô꣬񶼻ûַܹ񣬽յ˽ȵˡ
Ϣ߹ҶϷ߿ȥ磬֪ΪΣҾڴ˴ŵһζ֪ŵˣ
ҶϷƿߣĿľǰЦǷͻȻ΢ЦҲŵӦӳ˰ɣҲԳ⡣˼İɣᣬ˺ѽ仰˼
˲оһ亹˿ҶϷǸЦ֮Ͳˣʶһ
̫ˣôܹΪһʱжôСۣǵڳЦݵʱô΢ЦǸ˿϶úܲҡ
뵽Լֵֻɣ˲޲ܽǰһǰǸԼ
ֲ̫ˣҪԶ
Ͻˣ˲ҶϷԶ԰ȫ˲ǿͣ£ֻ֪۸Ҷͺˡ
ΪҶϷЦŵûʧɫľսҲΪЦ˲ĻŭţǻС¹ȾԼ֪Ľ˶Цһ˲ۣҲ޷ƿֻϣǸԺЦֻΪԼš

ңȥ

Ҷɲ֪ûϢģΪԼֳһЦݣ˲ŵûʧɫڿˣͲһСͤУʵˮյ졣
Ҷδ뵽ܹҵ˼Ҳֱ̫ˣȻܹô̵ʱڸĿڸĵȻܹ˿뵽ôע⣬ݼҶ磬ֳûϷ
Ҷ⼤֮Ҿ֮ˣһֱΪٳĲӣôҲѵģ뵽ܹȻÿֳǰľ׾پ©ڣGʵ
Ҷ⹪񣬱ϵòУĿҲ˿ûм١
ĸϽڰ֣εɱ˵˵ȥҿɾٴˣʵҲƽһò˵ôǰҲͷһ⣬Щŵġ
ҶЦЦǹǫˣָоȷʵԺԶһԡУȻҲǹѵˣֱӻҭGãֲڵġ
ãǭGԺҲֱӻá
Ҷǣ֡
ĵ֪ղŭGΪҪҰ뿪ǲϲϷҼǵǰҲֱһţ룬ΪνҪôһ
Ҷһ˲оֻӬɰͰ͵صֳ֣ϷŪ˰񴨣ʶģϷʱһϷǲóģɲֳĺȣ׽Ūʶְֻæ
⻰кܶìܺ˵ȥĵطȻȴûнȥǻ˸⣬ҿϷ繫ƽʱһº͵ģÿ˶һ׽Ū๫ӡ
Ҷ۾ɨ˲һۣ漴Ц⻰ɾͲˣֳڱǰȷʵºţӲʧ֮£ͬһ㣬ȻʲֲҲһƭˣÿ˶вͬףǿԵǺ˰ɡ
ΪȻͷδGܹ˵ֻӡһ֮ˣֻǳڣֳܻ˵ġ
Ҷ⻰Ц漴־ԼЦ˴Ƿŵôһ
ν΢ЦţһЦƵġ
ҶֹסЦݣ˵ҿûûΣǣֻǣ
ȴҡͷ̾˿G˵ûûҲӦϣҵíGǸ֮ˣ˼Ҳúܡ
ҶæˣGͻȻƷӦʲô۾뿴ƵĿŲģĳ֣ҷѧˣȻѧˣһʱĵȻ䳰Цҡ
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ĴȤ¾ѾˣGһǲԾؾͱӰˡ
˵˵ţͬʱЦ
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Ҳ֪ιʣҶоദɣҲڣ޼ɵ˵ԼŲ˵ĻЩֳ˵ĻѾʶܾá
ָо˺ϧҲҶָо
䣬̹ȻȷʵµһЩӦϷ繫йصģȻʲôҾͲˣһ󵨲²⡣
Ҷ⿴Ǹӣôƶǲ²ӣѾ϶˴𰸣͵ȷء
ҶֿǸѧģ㱾ǸģȻθڣѧ˵ʱ˵һ뱣һ룬ʵۡ
ı⻰ЦˣϽŵGɱٱˣ´Ҳˣͼ仰㱻ųģ´ĸţ
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ĵҿÿοȹ񶼴ŲԾÿϷ繫ȹкλʱ۾Ͳ˼ҹһ߶ȥ
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漴ַʡһԼһǲ죬ҪǱʲ֪Ҽ켸ҹѧϰЩΪ˴֮ò۸
ͻȻҶַӦ˻Ҳ˵ͨǶˣΪֳֳɱȰˣֳ⣬˵ܹ֮˺ٲǡ
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лֽ󡣡
Цأǿֵܶ˵ദģʽ˾ĽýҿеϷ繫ΪҿϷ繫ЩͬоеϷ繫ӾһĴڡ
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Ҷѹѹס˿ֳɱֱӿ˿ġ
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ĵͷϷ繫ȷʵһԹ֮ˣǰʱֱŤӦǺͺ˰ɣ
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ҶϷںܶ˼ҵլҲ֪١
Ļһֳֻϧûʱͷˣ֮ϺѹȲȶӵСıǲµġ
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Ŀϵı֪ҶӦԼǵ£ֵòҲҲһֳҲһ뷨Ҳֻ룬ﵱˣҵһֳҲϷ繫ӸãỹΪ׽Դˡ
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ҶϷ粻ţһֱȥ˲ϣϣ򣬿µѾʡ
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ͻȻ֮󼴱㲻ۣҲܸܵĸȵߺ޲ܽȣıӣԼҲˡ
ÿӶϣõĸ׵Ĺעϣĸ׵ԼϣɲȴȺĸ׵ͣһɲǣ˫۾ȵ¶Ƚð

۲Ҫ

԰УյĽڴ֮ϣ̫ҫµĻľʱֹͣȡֵæµëףܹȵĽ
ĻľˣȻ֮ȴȫоյ˿ŵùЦ
ӣˣ˴Ҫ뻭ʲô´˵ʱ˻еطɻ
޼ɵЦصΧΪЩ΢΢üͷϻõ΢ЦΪӮˡ
ʱÿϻٶһЩī֭Ůϲýīֶ֭ȥʶÿ˶еһк
ҶϷϱһֻΩΩФС꣬ϣͳɫÿˣ̾ʧߣî˾Ҫٻһʡ
ϧǣ֮һֱûлᣬҶϷҲû
ȻǼÿӣȴÿ϶ī֭ϻǰ㣬ɸɾ˲ҿһۣʵ˼һĬʮĴҲĽ
ҶͲ֮󣬾ʣ˾ˣǡӺŮӣҶʫͰ̩СǺһһӣ֮ʣĸӣÿӴһŮӣ̩Ҷʫ϶ΪһİҶʫԱ㣬Ҫһ
ɳǩÿ˶ϣܹԼϣǸһԣǧҪ˭һԡ
ĽǣҶϷͰһӣһӣĺһӣһԾҶ塢ҶʫԼ̩һӡ
ĽȻ˻ϲ˳ҶϷԴ˵ûжϵЩûһӣȻԼҪѲ歵ĸʾá
ڰȣҶϷ绹ǺģųԺȢһӣٰüĭ
ֻϧҪȢעǰȣΪ˵ݱͲԵȡ
ȢôһӾȥ˼ҵĹ޹ȷ̫࣬ôʼļƻͻһΪһ̫ϤŮˣԼǰõɣɲΪһ
Ҫǣ԰ȲŮ֮⣬⼸찲ȵʾҲȨ֪
Ϊκ˻¶Լ
̹˵һŮŮӣƻ𡢴зִ磬ܹ׼ȷλԼ飬Ҳǰ㣬
ֻϧעԵ޷ˡ
ҪҶ֪Լֳðֿµ뷨϶ļ֣ʱֹ뷨
ܹԼİ֮˷ֵһ飬ȻǼ俪ĵģΣһĺ뿿ܹ㹻ˡ
ΪҶϷ籾ʻȽϷḻҲǴСͿʼѧĻ˵ٻһҲ˿ѵɫʶϣֻһΡ
ҶɾͲˣⷽĻ۾Ͳ࣬ԭǴ챣ܹĺһ飬Ͼĺǳʷ֮Ů֪ʶѰ˲ܱȵġ
ϧǣʵںܲã鵽СӣǣѾпŵĵطˡ
ϻ˻񰡣ҶϷд֣аһֻȵȣСϵװ۵ģһûûεŶЦøͣ
Ҷϵī׵ǵȻȥ֮ٷɣΪ̫Ѩλá
СƨרԼģСûĵĵסкıīǻЦԼˣҶﱯʹ
ЦԽԽûԵҶʫҶŸڵһ˫ǿܹɫīֳ֭ĺɫ۾Ҷʫʫһδȥˣ
ҶʫһʱͣҶ廹ûн֮̾ǰһ̷ħЦٿˣһЦǰϣߣŶӸɴЦˣ
ĺЦüһһģԿóǱЦú࣬Ŭرš
ҶڣʱûкҶһҪȺ˳Ц
Ҷóģ׺ɷؿҶʫЦҿҪ㡭
Ҷ廰û˵꣬Ѿ˱סˣҶ廹ظоǸЦûûֹͣСС塣
֣ǴӦҵģĸ
ѹúܵͣǰҶȴȻˡ
Ҷ޳ܵص鲻ǺܺãһãʱԼ˵ʲô֪Ҳǹġ
ˣ治Ҫ
Ҷʫæ֪Ϊ鲻ãַģҲ˻ᷢЦҾأ
ˣǾǿϷһԼģǵ°
Сǹɰģò˵⼸ʼŮòܲҶʫΪʵΨһŮʱҲȥֻʵۻģȻֱ֪ϲʶû˲һףǰ̩衣
̩СظʫģҶЦģҲᣬֻҪʫҪģһ
С˵⻰ͲûֱӽȢȥҲûʵͬ⣬ǳҶ֮ܳСʵۻ֪Ƿ޵ôԶĵطȥ
Ȼ޹رˮʲô˵ϻǻӵصͷ˲䲻Цˡ
ҶϷ翴Ⱥ湻ˣҶ⻹ûﰵҶСӻǼ꣬ô˻ֲ֪ȥȥˣҪǻŲģҲ»Ϻ˹ÿˮ
ҲټɵϷˣ˴ʱ⣬Ȼ˷ѣҶϷ˵ˣúڼҿ顣
ҶϷʱҲˣҿͲ̹ȥãЩģȥˣҼɡ
ҸȥͲˣҶβͣȻˣˡ
ҶϷƳһۣˣҲˣϷɾ治ˣ㽨ģѵ㲻ӦŴ浽𣿡

ֻ꣬ںڣСñۻС
⵹ҲǣǰȥɣȻҪĵܵʲôˡ
ҶϷ粻ֱߡ
ͻȻ֮һȥɣֻһˣ֮㻹ǿңĻѧ̫û㣬±ûϵóԺⱲӶûˡ
˶Щ죬正۾ɵôģƷʲô޷ܵ£תۿ˾ҡڵʧУĥ졣
ٿȺˣÿһ˹ǹйŮһ״̬ҶʫͰ̩̫Сʱǵƽʱʲô²һŵھȻģʲôû
ҶѾһ޿ı飬²ҪӮһأټһʣĺ˴ͷβһţؿű֣ʱʱЦһ£һֱǶһʲôʲôĶͻ
ûаȵҶϷҪȥҶʱȷʵһܹĺûᣬһҪͲйŮظȥ
û뵽ǣһ˼ɵİȣȻֱҪҶϷһȥ˰һٱ鲻ҪѰ˶û֡
ĲɣҲ⡣
ôֹҶϷһŮ˳ȥҶأϸ˵ҶϷŮ˻ˣҶСӿܶҪŤһ
Ҷ⿴ԼֳһŮԼǳѾ㹻ЦܾˣֻϧԿȻЦá
˵һֲ´֮ˣ׳ơʺ



ҶϷ밲һǰһţʱʱǳ̸ʱ
ҶϷ˵ȥҵܵܣĺؽÿһҶпȥĵطˣȴ֪ҶȥȻһûš
ҶϷ翴İȣǰиСͤӣڴϢҿߵҲˣԸȥҰɡ
ҡҡͷ֮صңŮСĴܣǿ׳·£ҵΪãҿ֮ܵ
ҶϷҲǿȻˣǰϢһȥҰɣȳϣСƽʱ湻˲ñȥҾͻˡ
ȵͷͻȻȸԾѡ
·Ƕһֱûкʵ˵ᣬ˵ĽŲߵñȽϼʱ䳤˵ʧǶӣʶһ·϶ʱʱ˵һ仰ֻΪԵòôΡ
ͤǿһ˵ʱˡ
Ȳ֪ҶϷΪʲôҪôżҶ⣬ʵϣҶϷҶֻһӣʵ͸͸
Ȳ֪ԼʱҶ⣬ʹÿζһֵӵ㱻أЩƭ˵ģᡣ
Ȳ֪ԼСӣҲͬЩϲҶ⣬ΪʲôԼҲǺ
ҿȻԼһȥ棬ÿζԼ֮Ҳҹǽʲôˣ
ҶϷҡͷǵʱСӾҶĹĲʶ⼸һֱڸٲҪֱŤˡ
ҶϷ˿ûؾͽԼܵܵ˵ȥˡ
󣬾Щ죬ҶϷˣտʼǱº׽ŵȻӴ֮󣬲ŷȫ෴䡣
⣬ԽദԽ޷԰Σǲ¶Լ
ȻǿľȻΪԼ⼸˵ܵܣԸ˵ѣԼܸܵԼֱŤ
һʱ֮䣬ȲȷԼ֮ǰǷȷĻȵġ
ôദʱ䣬ȸûҶ˿Ҷ⣬ڲֵ֪ԭֱŤˣҶϷԼܵٸԼֱŤȻðȥˡ
ǰһֱҶϷȫûĵðȸоЩʵĵģҿóЩͬģôɲڴһ£
룬ֻЩȰˣദʱˣֻҪͬ˼ΣȡһĻᡣ
һ̣ȺԵԼü䲻ɵ
֮˻ƺӵĹϵǲȴûЩʱǹ׽뾹ֱŤˡ
ҶϷ粻֪ЩС˼ҶȻܵܣѵòӦõ𣿹ʶһ𳤴Ҿʰ̯ӣȻұȽ׽
ֹ׽Ǻ޲ϣߵĶǶֻϧʵ
ЩһΪֵܶ˹ϵ̫ã⼸쿴鲻ǺܺãʱҿһΪҺʱСĵֱŤˡ
漴ֵ̩ȻҲǽܣϵǲֵãĽǹϵá
ҶϷ磺⻰ЩýӣΪҵܹܵϵǺá
ȿû˵Լϻ⣬֪֮ɷһЩܵܵദ֮һֱ̩һЩദȴ֪źá
ƽʱһһЩʫʸ踳ȵ鱾֪ʶҶϷƽʱȽӣܹ˵ܶ˲֪ĶʶһʱĵЩ
ʱڣȻʱ˿̣ȴЩˣȾЩֵܲҪ˽ÿÿֻ֮ᷢǲ
ţֻҪҶϷģԸĳ谮̶ȣȻȫġ
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ȳԼõĻУͻȻһҶϷ翿Щǵ΢΢졣
Ǹ֮ʲͻȻ뵽һЩ£ɷظһ˵ķ
ʱǳлԼĸףۺʱҪǵóּأ񣬲ȻҪǰˡ
ҶϷ翴һĲɵģͻȻоЩ꣬ԭǰϰ˿յһǼ䣬׵ʱҪΣһͳһԱ߻һҪչ˵ŮӣŮ˵Ŀյﻹ
ҶϷ쳣ˬȴֲ÷ֻý֮ǰĻѹһ䣺ܵദ֮޷ǾǾסʱȷĵһԡ
Ȳ֪֮ǰ˵ıھˣʶҲۣл֮һȥ᳢̩֮ദǽ˹ϵˣöл֮ߴͽ̡
ҶϷ΢Цŵͷ֪ЪϢˣҵĽǴʱͷ󣬹ڴЪϢҵٹ빫ϻȥΪΣ
޷һ֮һȥԼһҲġ
˵ҶϷһظţƽʱĴܹĻ֮ȻʱѾԼ㽵İͷԣֻΪҶϷǹʶҶϷһȥҶ⡣
ҶϷͷǾͷˡ
⻰˵꣬ҶϷ֣˵ȲӦĻ֮ǣǼҪ
ҶϷЩ죬ȴҲûҪΪЩԼ죬ʶֻǰ棬ͬʱҶʱˣһͬе˵ʱҲࡣ
ҶϷ缸ѧұˣصȥΪȥˣȴҲ֪ҶȥĶˣҶϷʱ֪Ǽ䷳ġ
ȼɫ䲻ãǰ΢΢һЦֻǲСĸʱ䣬Ͽ֮ͻȥҲôʱ䣬Ϣһΰɡ
˵գǿӲҶϷ絽һ΢ʵȥЪϢ
ҶϷڱܵһ£ȻûԼ䱻һŮţӦˡ
ǰӣҲֻһǰãһǽĵܵܣ˽Ӵ
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ҶϷüĺƱᣬⶼⲻ֡
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Ҳܺ滹м˸ţͺǼĽԼл֮Լߡ
˵գ۹۱ǱǹĵؿǰֱȥΪҶϷʱҪʹȥоԼʲôط뽫һ˺ãҶϷסˡ
ȴоĪԼʲôȻǵȥ
һŮӶһ⣬ͻס֣˱Ը֮Яһ˼ŮǲֱӵֵģȻҲܲÿڸ
ȺǲԼʲôĸ飬ҲȻȥ
ԭǽĹҲ׷ĶǾԳԲµġ
ջסԼСƢΪóҶϷˣʲôᣬǽΪһź
վԭؼѵһǸŽϢȥˡ



ҶϷ˲ͷϵĺֺЩˮоղðŻɤں࣬ʱ侲ԼոЩ嶯ˡ
룬ƺػһΣ֪ΪԵʣһùǣµǱǰ嶯˲١
ҶϷ絹ʶԼڳ嶯ȴûԼʶȽʱ˶һۣ˵һʱμˡ
ҶϷ翴ЩѰģĵҲһʮͱ͵ԶľŮԼ¶ԼĿ֮˰ˣʵûҪ档
֮ʧˣ֮Щϲ˽Ӵʲкε﹫ĵط
ԭĥô죬ҶϷ絹ֱȵǸˣһ£漴־Լί
֮ǰûںʱ򣬼ίˣҲǴʣھֻԼ֮һͨĹػ֮ȴίˡ
ǿбЩ嶯ίҡҡͷ޷֮仹ǴЩĻģǴһʱ֮ð֮ҵĲǡ
룬ҶѾƽˣǷӡһЩأô˻Ӧʲɡ
ҶϷ翴ƽϣԼϣûԼʲôͻȻԼúܲã˾δǷȣԼ£ȴҪһŮϴʲôӺ
ҶϷ̵ˣʵ֮ԼԭζӦ÷ȥӦ빫빫֮һݣǵǸ
˵գҶϷ̶ŰһϹԵóʮ㡣
û뵽˵ݾͰݣﰵԻϲûüֹѾһ
ǰҲϽһ֪ǴԸҶϷأ֮ǰĺȴŪóûˡ
ҶϷһʱ֮û뵽ȾȻԼ񣬵Щסˣµǽ֮ǰ԰ȵһСûˡ
Ц˴ԭ֮֮Ҫֻ֮֮´̧ͷˡ
Աϣֹһ񣬲Ѽõģû֮ǰǸǰʽǿסԼҲҪһĳ嶯
ͻȻްóʱжǲ̫ⲻѸٺ
ҶϷ̧ͷͿȵƴһ
뵽һҶϷ뵽ΪһһС˵ҶСӻһڻ֪
ȼҶϷ۾ֱֱضԼʱˣһ鵽ֺߵú޲굽ȥȴϣԼ˾ȵĿһֱԼǸ˵ֻԼ
˶Լ˼Уһʱû˷ӦʱķΧж֣˵ľֹж֡
ҲҺôʱźʹǹϵģû˿һĻȻڶ͸ôϷ繫밲ȹԼʱĸְдˡ
ҶϷһԼٵӵģϣԼǵܵԺҪһһʵ̫ˣԼҵܵܿǱڵ˼Ρ
ҶϷԼҵܼܵνŮһ룬Ǵ뷨һԺܾܵϲŮأԺҲһԼϲŮӣԼɾһӣ黹˳ȻΪá
ҶϷ벻ǣŻڣԼʱľܵ׷ϲ֮ˣʲô˳Ȼ߲ɢ˼ҡֻǸʱѾûˡ
عԼ밲ȵľֹЩףϽؾصãĿбӵؿطﰵԼԽԽȥˡ
ȻعҶϷѾջȥ֮ǰķΧͻȻʮΡ
ҶϷպܹ죬ССͿɻɼҵҲ黨ǲݣǾΣһʱ֮ҲҲʲô˵
ǰȿģҲԼһЩڣҲǶԼĵģڵ֪֪֮Ůǣӵζʲô
ҶϷ磺
֮ǰ֪ʲôҲζʲôˣʶղֱӽȥû׷ʣû뵽ͻȻһʱֻӲͷƤˡ֪֮
ȸ˵ظʲô˼ĩ۾ֱֱؿҶϷ磬ֻԽԽ졣
ҶϷһ£ȻµȻԼЩС˼֮ǰԼž룬˵´ӲԽأôͻȻף
漴Ӧˣ˼ҹﻹԼĻظأЩʣʶ˼ԭǣ仹д˺壬֮ªˣ֮ðһ䣬ʲ˼ң
ҶϷˣںܶûбҪʱǺװͿѾ֮Ὣװףκ⣬޿ӡ
ȶʱһ㶣˵˶Ƚƺû뵽ֱס
صͷĪڴϲãָҲԾؽһ
ҶϷȴ񿴲Ľźڴֻóʵл񰮣Ȼ֮֮ٿǳˣĿǰҪȫ鱾뾭ϡ
ˣ֮֮ʱ°ȵĺӶˡ
һ˫Ǻ˲ǰ㣬Źâ̰޹⣬ʧѹһ˿˶Լܻ쵰
ҶϷŵ֪Լȱ㣬ʶҲԼʱȷʵܻ쵰ʶ˽δ޵ģľǱľƳɵذһֺּӲ
ȿһ޶Եģ֪Լ⸱δ޵ģԼѿ޵ڶôʶŬرᣬɳϸóСֻһ䣬˵ζʲôϲң
ҶϷ磺˵֪ѣܹһԼ۵֮ˣϲ֮кùᣬ֮ڴ˸Ǹ
ҶϷһǸ
ͻȻоܿЦǳЦʲΪһϲֽŲ֪ĶţȴΪһ˺αװƤʹֽŽӲʧꡣ
Ϸ繫ˣӲᣬһвˣӲظҵǸ
˵˵ţоԼҪɳˣǰǱ첻˵ˡ
ȷʵϷ繫֪񲻹ʲôΪ粻ȥΪ̫ˣ˲Ρ
ԼˣҲ˵Ļ˵ĶЩҲֻѧʶӹˡ
ȾԼķȥˣǴҴһ䣺Ǹе㲻Ͳ㹫ȥˣӼ¡
˵ҲҶϷػˡ
ҶϷ翴ЩǱӰЩΣȴڣǶһøУؿ˳ۣȴû˼
ιˣԼʲôǾ֮ǰûǰʱԷ־룬ᣬȷʵⷽ澭Ƿȱ֮ʡ
ž֮Ժ鲻ٴô⡣
һϣһõ˹ȴ԰ûκĶĸоֻܶ˵Ǹ

·ƽ

֮ûлعѧֱӻˡ
ҿҶϷ˵˵ЦЦҶͲģȴûȣЩ֣˾䣬ҶϷֻɫصǻ˰ɣȥҰ⣬֮岻˾ͷֿˡ
鲻αһʱ֮䵹Ƿֲ⻰١
˿ȻȻҲûκλɡ
ҶϷ룺˵ȷʵ滰ֻ˵һֵ滰˵ٻҲûܹʶóɡ
ҶϷ絭Ƴһۣʱʲôɻûˡ⵭һۺûʲôȴܾԼҪٶ˵һ֣϶ڡ
ҶЩȺͲǸŮ˾ȻֳһǺݺݵҶһۣʾȻֹһ¡
ҶҲɻһۣҶʱеȷʵ⼸춼ֻԼûаҶʲôֻýֵջﵹǾ˲٣´һҪֳĳЩ֪Ļݲƭȥ
ڶҶϷֱӸ˲٣ûȥѧҶԭͲȥѧֳȻ벡ٲϿΣ϶ѧϰҲȥˡ
ǰ֪ĻݲݣΪѾһļ٣ǻǵñ̽ɾͲˣʶڶ컹öŸӱʹѧϿΡ
Һһ춼ûмҶϷ磬˿ȴ̲סģίͲʡ
ҶϷϽѵõһڣص¥ȥæòɿһǸ飬Ҳһ졣
֪ôãѾѻ˶黹û
Ҷƨ棬Ȼֳߵ͸ûΡ
ˣʹߵĹҲˣȻûѡǵķ˼صȥ
ҶϷõԼɣæòɿҶ˶ҲҲϰˡ
Ҳ֪õʲôֶΣûʵ۴ӦŹѡλ̳ˡ
ҶϷ֪µʱѾ˶ʮˣֻС˵Ѿˣʵôʱ˼Һקؿһˡ
ҶϷ޲ѿӴƨɣҲֻ룬ѾˣǻСʱأ¾Ͳ֮ҶϷҲæԼ飬ڼҺúһ⶯Сӡ
ҶȻ˵νʵֺǺǵģ·ʱҪƮˣΪļҹ˼أ⻰ʳڵʱ򣬲һٱʩ߻ʩʩȻƮŽŲˡ
һҪҳļС㣬˭˺Լأ
ϣҶϷմӾ¥߳ȥһξ󣬱һֵԾüͷ⻰ʵڲ
ƺԷ۸ʲôˣڱĵطҶϷҲһôĳˣҲһܣ鲻ʱͨǲܵģֻϧⱻǴ֮˲ǱˣǾ¥Ĺ⻹òܡ
޹ͣҲ֪ñԼͷϵĵʾҪЩʲô
ҶϷ翴ŮӻԼʶ֮ˣΪ劏ǰȥ˺¡
ҶϷǿǲĽµĲӲø˿½̧
ǴֵҶϷҲ֪Щʲô
劏ʱСˣΪ劏ģղЩﳤúܲȻˣкܶҪĳye
Ǿ¥ԼĹأλԸ⣬ȻӲȹ£Ҿ¥ǿӲҲ£ʶЩ˵ĺǲġ
󺺾劏׷֮һΪԴδͻȻҹ˾ĵط劏һʱ򵨱Ҫ劏°ȥ劏Ը
λǡýֻһСˣ¥Ĺÿ춼ѧһЩ书ҲֻһЩԹܹͬʱùǿ׳Ĵˡ
׳Сǲ书ģʶһڣ劏Ǳץڶ劏ȭߡ
ҶϷ˻û߽ѾӻһɫСƿȥСƿϸ֮¾ͻ֣ᷢҶϷʱΪҶŵǸ
Сƿǡ׳ֹչϣ׳ֱ۶ʱһ飬ûȥһջŭתǸӣڴ϶£ϽӹС֪ôġ
׳ߵС˼Ӷ֣ͣȻҲʶ֣ͣ劏ŵʱ붾
ҶϷһ֪ˣ˼㡣
ҶϷøϻоԼĶ䣬Լ죬ֻ޹Ըȥ죬ǹ˰ڴϡ
޹˵ǡ߹ȥ˰㽫ϵ·ȫѹˣ֮Ų֪ȥĶˡ
ҶϷߵ劏ߣû°ɡ
劏ԱѾߵĲ»վȻ󷽣ҶϷ磬ЦЦȴСĳǵ˿ڣεùӼЦˣ劏û¡
¹ĹâͶһһģҶϷЩ
劏ԣѾߵĲ߹
֮ǰͶ£ϵ˿õǲ̫УˣҶϷüͷֲԾһ𣬾øղֻǽڽϵľ̫ʴˡ
ɲ֪Ϊ֮ھлŶҳ
ҶϷ翴һֱͷѾߣǸСƿͿҩɣȻȥ֮Ϳ׵üˡ
劏⻰ˣû˵
Ѿ˻æǰҪΪ劏ҩû˵ҶϷ̧־ܾˡ
ҲǲҲ̶õģϵҲᣬͲҪϹæˣϵ˷劏ͿĨˣȥҩͿĨϡ
Ѿ˻ϽҪлҶϷϽֵ㻹ǱˣϵģҸСҩĪҪסǡ
Ѿ˸
ҶϷϸϸ劏ϵ˼򵥵ĴһƿССĸҩ֮ǰԭ͸ҶЩѾֻʣһˡ
劏ЦлӾ֮劏ΪƾӲǲ
ҶϷϽֹסҪĶԶԶ劏Ͷͱ򻶻ϲϲظϽ§סˡ
ټԱһֱͷѾһԱȣ֪ĻΪǶСԼᡣ
ҶϷЦھ¥ұ㲻ܶ²Ųˣʶ֮㲻طϣκˣ붯һ¾¥ҶԲ˶ߣȥǺúˣ⼸ȱˡ
劏֪ϲ˶ҲֻӦǡ
֮ѾҩѾ߽ҩݸ劏劏СƿøҶϷ磬ҶϷ翴һۣˣԼãӦñĻ࣬ҲٸУӦò๻ˡ
лӣֻҿҩǹ֮ܹø劏ȼ劏ѾмﻹչӵĶ
ҶϷüűǣΪҵó涣ҧʶұԷҧѾҪȥˣҸлкܶĸҩŮӶǸصġ
劏⻰Цǵ˱ǣҲûͣԭȿӣֱºȴ׽뵹劏֪лӴԼҩ֮
劏ӯӯһݣӴȻ׽͸ƽʱҲ٣ܹ˵ô໰Ҳ뵽Ͷ˸˾ţ˵Ż˵Щǰɿ豻ŪÿҪ¹顣
Щ⣬Իš
ҶϷ翴ŮӴϵģҲȫ޹֮޹䵱򣬽ͻؾ¥ȥ
ҶϷ粻֪ǸߣǲԶһ߳һˣĪ棬ȴһֱעԶȥþδܻ

ܵ˯

˲ǱˣǸղҶϷеҶ⡣
˵ҲɣһѵֳһʲôᣬҶȺһȥ棬˲ģҶ˵غ˺ܾãֱӴϳһҾ¥Է졣
ǲĵĸ׶Ŀ̫ǿˣ²ĻظĸЩʲô˿ܻҪĺܾá
߲ĺҶŷ¥λ뾪¥ҲԶʱֳԵ̫ˣóȻȥˣֻҶ׼ȥֳܸһϲ
룬ҶϷ绹ûϲҶԼŵòС
չͿֳרΪ׼ҩøһŮ˲¹»£оֳĿº͵ú޲ܽǸŮֱװˣò˼顣
벻ǣֳȻǸŮˡ
Ҷһοֳ񣬱ȵʱȵ֪º˶٣ǰûеĺܶණ
һ̣֪ȸֳרҩøˣǸñֳδ񿴹Լ
ʱģҲûʶԼ뷨ж治֪ΪԼͻȻ뷨
ֻ֪˿ŮʱŻУȴ䲻ҪֳеĿⶼϡ
һ̣ҶоֿҪʧȥǵķŭ֮Ļңɬʧ䡢¶ίȵȸȫĸоʼղ̤ʵزڵϡ
ҪȥֳǸŮǸվûѾ߸ǸŮӲҩɽŻû̧ȥԼƾʲôôҪԼ磿ѵ㻹𣿸ƽʱκ˶䵭òУڿһϲŮӣ㻹ҪȥɢǣѲıˣ
ЩǰҶǿҡҡ׹ĸֱӵ֪ĸԨȥˣǻûȥĽŲҲ̧һ
֮ǰ԰ʱɰȳȻΣԼ۾ͻȻܿˣֻ۾գҲգؿˡ
ֳθǸŮ˲ҩνǺҩ͸ˣӵסǸŮˣ֮СǸŮ˻ȥ
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Ҷ󣬲֪ΪʲôҪͻȻͣҹӵģȴڼ˹֮ͣסˡ
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ҶϷ劏֮Ҷվһ۾գһ£һֱĿ˵ʧջʧǵ뿪ˡ
ҶϷɲ֪ԼϵӢ۾Լܵܿˣһˣ劏ͻȥ֮󣬲ŵתͷ
ʱҶѾ˯ˣҶϷЩ֣ȴû롣
˵ʱ˻˯֣ҶСһϰߣǾ˯õȵҶϷһҶϷ粻ʱ֮ǰԲ˯ģʶҶϷҪظʱͻᾡʱ֮ǰ
֪֮Ҷȥμᣬ˲ģ˲˯µġ
ڶһҶһֱû˯ѵģȥڽʱҲûƽʱǹӻģڽһӵѵҲûƽʱǰڽּۻۡ
ڽЩˣǰֻҪСӿ϶һôɿ֡
ҶϷ翴ȥˣԷʱһĺףҶֻ̧ۿһۣ磬𣿡
ô£ҿ˵žֳҶͷȥ΢΢üҲûգ˯Ҳͦģôˣ
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˵žͼææӰһ£ˤҿƽʱʱȽŬʶƽҲԼƽͷӦûڴľܽӴ
ҶϷ翴һϻʣһĳʳԾֿʼü
ҶϷЩģҶƽʱҲͦãҲӦûɫܣҲûйڵġ
ʵҶô˯ţһû˯ÿҪ˯ʱͻμʽ类ߵĻ档
һһ仨˸磬һһһֱŸ磬һһûŮס粻ţֱӳΪһŮ˳ˣϲĻƿӵĸͷͷŮԾϿǸŮˡ
ÿһҪֳȴҪȥȥһ̱֪ĶסѲ
Ȼ˯ˣǱʶ֪ΣʶÿαʱҷκԺ۾Щеûģ̲֮ס˯Ϯٴ˯ȥ֮ظһͬξ
Լǵظ˶ٱ飬ûԼᣬ
ҶϷԭΪҶֻʱģ֮ҶϷҲˡ
ҶһֱƤӵΪҹǸ˯ѵӣҶϷĺ磬ʱѾ˯ˣСߺܿ죬Ҫһ˯š
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ʹҶϷԽ֮ԭѾ̫ᶨЩǲа²ǷʲôɾĶסҶҲ˵
ڶҶϷҶ˼٣˳ǡ
ܹǣҶ͸˵ˣȻ񻹶˶ţҲֻǸտʼ֪ѧȥ˷һ֮˯ˡ
ҶϷﵣĲѣϵһĳ侲ֻԸӿų̡
ҶϷһ·Ҷ⣬ֱ˵֮ŽҶ⡣
ҶۣԾ۾ǵˣ
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˴һЩƫԶ˵Ҿ˵ķ羰ܲ
ȻҶϷĻЩ羰Ĵ֮һ·϶ҪҶ᲻ͻȻСģž˯ˣһص⵽ײаֻ
ҶϷǰͰ֪ͨ˵Ҫʦ£רӣֱӴȥһ
һɫĵϺУһѿݹǶμӣγɼĶԱȣȣüĿȫⶼϣЩԲ֮С
ӷλʩһ·ˣƶɮѹʱ
ҶϷҲ˸񣬡ʦɴʦȺλǼҵܣ⼸ǻ˯Ѿ֮ãʦΪҵܿһ
ҶҲʦҶˡ
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ҶסǷľٶǰȥ
ֳ˾ٺûҪûãû˱û˯õԵʣԭȴøֳ˵ֻøһǸֳĵģҲͱĸ
ʦǸ岢쳣ȻüͷȴøŴüĿЩͲ졣
Сʩܵ˵ǼõģһӦ˳˳ˮǣȻ֪ιʣʱҲ壬Сʩ֢״Ļ԰Сʩ
ҶﲻΪ⣬ϺоǺ죬ѲܲЩʹãҵ飿ú˯
ҶϷȴæʦ󡣡
һԭ˳ȻȻʱѷı룬ı˳ȻСʩ֢״Ȼת

ܵת

ҶϷæʣʦ˻ͨ͸ȴ֪Ӻ𣬻ʦָ㡣
ҶϷȫȷˣڵľԭЩһˣΪĵ˵ĸı䣬ôҲ˵ùȥ
ȴ֪ΪҶ֢״кιϵ
ʦתҶϷ磬òŵʩȥȵȣ㿴ڷ羰λСʩЩҪ˵Сʩɻ⿪ˣ֢״Ȼͻˡ
ҶϷƬ̣ͷҶһۣ˳ӡ
ҶϷȥ֮˵ľǳǶǳģԸҶҶ⣬õʱҲԼСͻȻ裬ȻŴ޹Ĵ
ţҶϷһƫƧĵط˴ĲݴԶкܶ಻֪ĻóЩӦר˴Ȼ᳤롣
ҶϷ̧żȥûãͲȥˡ
ǰԼԼ˵óǼŮӵһҶϷ
ŮǱߺƳʲô£˿ȫȻ˷緶޲뽫Լʱ˿̵ӡ
ȻûҶϷǷҪ⼸ʱ˿УλӣȥλǷҩ
˵գ˶볯ҶϷ
ҶϷ翴ųԼСѾһʮʱһͷ̰λСǺá
һ⼸λСżѾ߾͵ǰͻȻһžϲͼϷ繫ӣ㣿
˵գҪᣬҶϷʱͷˡ
˲Ǳˣ正ҶϷ֪Ͱĵȵܵܣʲô羰ˣƽ鷳¶
⻰һ״ؿҶϷ磬һһζ䡣
һﶼ룺ԭϷ繫ӣ˱ȴ˵еĻӢ˧Ϊ粻ȥȻ鴫
ҶϷ粢֪ԼΪʫЩͻĽ߽ܲܣԼʶЩǸǲʶԼ߸ʲô
Ȼʱֲһ֮ΪȺ֮ǰʲô²һܹģӦȰæǡ
ҶϷϽͷλС㣬֪λС˺£֮кδܰæ
歼ҶϷûпԼѵҪӲȫڷյĹ߳˵ֻϧûԸ
ʱһͻȻȺϸϷ繫ӣǴԼ棬һñͻȻܳҧˣѾιȥˣ֪Ͽҩ
ҶϷһ٣˵ȺСǳΣӦûὫΧ˶ǣԼûһ
ҲǾʱҶϷ粻ˣЩûôི졣
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Ҷŵ˵أҲû˹ҧһе
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˵գӦԼظһµģƱҸŮ
Ҷӵؿһۣ㣿㻹񡣡ֳ仰ͻȻԺðҶϽͷסһֱִҶϰ䳡ȥٷϻˣϽߡ
Ҷ忴ɫĺܲãѹ˵ֻðοԼûϵСӿ»ʧڣΪֵܣΪǽ岻ݴǣøƽϡϳӲӲͷƤϵġ
ҲȥСӣ϶򡣡Ҷһ۵ɱҶϽ죬˵У߰ɡ
Ҷ岻֮󣬽ԼҶóϸĵһ±ҶЩ䣬ϸڵĻҳһ¹ڣһˮȻ
Ҷӵؿһּۣߡ
ϰ䳡ҶѡһѴ󵶣Ҷѵһ£ԵʱѴ󵶷ֻΪ˸ҶҫԼ޲ܹȥݺһƣⲻԼ
ȷҪѳªĵﻹвٺõĵٿģҶЩȷʵ
Ҷͷţȷʵ
ҶϽͷﲻɵҶȻԼ飬ѵȻԼָǱ
ҶϰӣÿζԴ˭¾ͱſ£ʶ˭ҲҸԴ򣬹ѧѧʱҲͱȽʹܹ࿹һϾǹ̥գҶϳսҡ
ҶȻҲǲģֿҶѹʲôΪֵܣʱӦðһѣĲ밤ѽ
Ҷ𰸣Ҷ岻νˣԼֵܵ۹⻹ǲġ
ѵܳ󣬵˳֣ӦúģˡҶͷ˱⻬ĵһ£ڶ˵ʲôǻ
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Ҷ屾һȥһתٴǰ˾ƣͷۣ仹˵Ľиͣǽղˡ
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ҶGһû׼á
ҶȴЩϻʱֻܷйԼ˭ҶԼײģײ򣬶Ҳһ˻±˸š
Ҷ忴֮ҶⷴøˣҲɵÿʼӦ
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Ҷ岻òͣ治ˣҴ򲻶ˣԼɡ
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ۿɼٶȽӲһ£ϽҡͷƤЦᣬǺѣ˹ӿξ͸÷ҾͲȥ̫ˡ
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ƺҶһ֮ȫǶˣҶǹƾҲɢˣҲ˲١
˿Լǲ׵ĸʱȻܸо¡ѹ֡Ϣ˺޲ܷҶ⻹ǽЩͬԼĸһ
һ죬ЩͻͻȻʧͻȻòôأֻûһ졣
ѹҿǣ鲻ʱŶ䵭ǵؽ֮еľƣյʱˣԽԽŨԭֻǲˮһơ
ƵĺûҲȡھĻԳѹֵĸΪԭɵľƣζ
ҶĥĥػصУȴӹܼ֪ʱֳ²ܻؼңڲԼչ˺ԼʱܲסʧͬʱҲɵð˿Һڲÿ춼ֳ
ԼһСģֳ֪Ȼ뷨֮ҪԵʲôֳһӲ㹻Լֳ֮ǰ¶ڡ
ͬʱҲˣһҪֳ˯һһҲҰֳ˯ˣٷ£ֳ綼֪
Ҷ˸еķӣԲֳ̫ԶֳɣҲ˯ʱֳܿ鲻ڱ֡
֮Ҷо˿
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Ҷ͵͵ȥϴˣڶһ磬濴ӳ˼죬˼⡣
Ϊ׼Ӵ˯ڶ˹ҵˣڵʵʵۼͼԺãؼǵ˯ǰ˯¿㶼ǾֵģԼܼǴôС£ҪԼļǲ˲ˡ
һ˲Բ˸־£ʲô꾫ӵĿӣʲôǳɾ֮͵ӵĿӵȵһϵй£ԼԼ˰죬Ҳʱ׷ӵ
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ѧʱûøҶûøţԼһ͵͵ȥһ󣬹һִ֮͵͵سֱصҲŽĳ׷Żض
ҶϷ⼸ʵûչҶ⣬ΪǾ֤֪һЩѪϢǰҶϷԵȥ̽Ϣ
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ϢǣҶϷȥ̽ϣѪϢ̫֪㽫йѪŪİȫҲܹõıϡ
ʵҶϷпǹֱȥԭĸǰʱ֪ԭĸʱ룬ˡ
˵ĸ֮䵽ʱǣپԭĸ᲻˵Щض飬֪٣óȻĸпܻһСı¶Լˮ̫ֻԼԲ֤ȫķ
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ƿ˸ѲߵˣϽǴطĴһûʲô⡣
˰죬¶˵ûҵκ֮ҶϷҲûκη֡
Լĸоƶϣÿ֪ߵʱܻ᲻ԾؿһۣȻּȻƿװ𴦡
￴ֻһķ˵ĵؿ飬ʲôֵһ֪ÿξ̲סһأôƫƧĵط֪˻Źž
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ҶϷ¼ңվм䣬شһط
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ҶϷоԼץؼڣȴһʱҲ˵ĵк֮˵ĵӲСƫƧĵطӦҲûʲôףҶϷֱĵ⡣
߹ȥ꽫Ҫήĵ꣬滹кܶСӣĵΧҰҲûԶһЩطĿúá
ҶϷĴһ£ĵԽĻ渽ŵĳԽֻ࣬ǴűĵǿһЩʶûĵôҰܡ
ĵһʲô쳣
漴ҶϷͨʲôƵģ첽ߵĵԱߣĵΧô
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ҶϷ籧һԵ̬ȥšһµϺ۵һˤڵϵƹӣתתǸڵϵĺĹӣ˳־ͽӼ
ӵһ˲䣬ˡءһСȴҶϷˡ
ҲתͷһͿǲԶĽ³һķĿӡ
߽һһ¥ݣҶϷ˵ֱȥҲٸϣһʧҹɫС
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ҶϷ˾һƽأһƻͨķ֮С
˼İʡ˱鼮ȵȣĬؿʼֿĴңҶϷԤУйѪܹҵ
һϣҲҶϷһһõҶϷǰ¥ҷһ£
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¼ֻǰ֮ǰڣĵһʵλĵһ¾Ƿϳ¼ֶǰʱȻ¼Ĵͳܶʵ۶֪ܿȻкܶʱ޿ɱܣһЩ±˳
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ҶϷٶ۲ӡǺηʥڵѪ⣬λӡɵҲӰԶ
һŻᵽѪйصıأֻЩϲʫУҶϷԸѪйصһڶУע⵽
ȻѾҵҪĶˣҶϷû˺ܿӵҳϵĵ֮죬ֵ˲١
˽ҪʱһֻƹֻˣǴһİˣҲŬİζ
ǹûд㡰Уﶼɵңʱ˿⹷һ⸮֮ˡ
Ȼʵ֤ɵ̫ˣͻȻǹ˹˶æܿȻǹҲ֪ô£ҶϷҶϷ˲ܿǹǰצ
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ҶϷȴɾɱ˴ƹǰ㣬ƹ˸ȫʬûнȡ
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ҶϷ粻ԣϺͰʮ֪ƢҲҶϷжʱ˾ж
֪־˾ȻҪֱӶ֣Ը˵ЩĪʿҲɵһııԥָӸ¶Է
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֮ǰƲ⣬ǹ۲쵽ı״ʲô£ܹȫ˵ģͻȻڵıͲܹӦ˵ġ
ҶϷͻȻֱתԥطźŵͻȻϢһ⣬һһһֱֹͣÿһ֮ԼһָԼ10ӣʱ䡣
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Ⱥ˶̱֮ǰҪ׺ݣҶϷõȴޣֻҪȴ޻ƤҲûˣѪҺ̡
ȴȫޱȣֻۣ¹ĺҹû⵽ذ׵֮
ҲΪȴޱֻһذףֻʺϽսЩ˽ϵıǳìʶҶϷҲѵ֣һСľͱЩóìƤ
Լһյ蹦һȺ˾Ϣ֪ۡ˵ⳡԶٵĻս
־û뵽Щ˵Ԯ˿졣
۶ԷѸ٣ҲҪʱЩ˵ԮֲŻʱ˹Ѿ˵ˣ뾹Ѹ١
˵֪ΧͻȻôˣ֪Щ˽Ӧܺܿ췢ǣЩ˲һֱ֪棬ôЩô֮죿
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֪ε󣬿ҲҲ̫˽ʶܹҲһʮˣҶϷЩ˻ֶΰٳõЩһͳһıʽЩʲôĶУֶθǶ˷ʤ
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Ⱥ˴ϵȫװ۾ӶʵʵӦǷֹԼ˲СЩҩ۵ģҲ֪ȵȲȡ
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ȳ˸֮ҶϷѾһ亹˿ڻڲҪѪѪӲҪǮƵðŶ̶ʱ䣬ҶϷϵѪɫ˸ɾò԰ޱȣ¹Ĺػ£͸һ



ҶϷϱʮֳĿӣźǿֲ
ҪЩؼҵҶϷ磬Ϊ˿ڲ˳;µֻñڽˡ
βĴһ۾һɫӣճ£ŶʮӣÿվһطƾԳһ磬һֻһ˵磬¹峾ġ
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˴˳ʱδңҲ֪СǷ֪ξþδ飬ǷܹСճ˾㿴
ҶϷ֪ǲΣѾϰˣҲνˡ
ҲǲɵЩԼǰ챻СӲţ޲ܾʹϣǴϣʱ޲ܽԶԶģٷԼЩ˼ҲԼˣ̲סϣСܹԼ׽Щ
ʵڸоЩܵˣֲ˵ÿζҪϽؼңҪ֮һٵҩܻѺȵҩÿκҩҶϷ綼޿оͷѾҩݱûζˡ
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ҶϷ磺
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ҶϷ⻰þû˵ͷԵؾԼĴڸС
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ۿҪסһˣοģڲٵĹסһ䱻֪ˣǰҲϹģΪӵԺӡ
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뵽⣬ҶϷ뵽СʱǸһԼŤ˰µСݵ˻ΪԼʲôΪԺܳԶ˾ʹسԸ㡣
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ʰ֮󣬿ʱʱѾʱ䣬ҶҲӦû˲ǣȴٳٲӰ
ҶϷٵȵȣԼôණһѣʱȷʵ̫ˡ
ҶϷ֪ҲоЩΣѹֵʱµĳÿԼʱͱװʶԼȷʵЩۡ
ҶϷֵ˲һӣûȵҶ⣬ŽҪȥԷõȥԡ
ҶϷ룬ȥֱõ漴ֲӻùƽʱʱҲӦû˲ǡ
治ɵֹﻹŻؼңֻ¿Ҫ׼ڻϺ򸮰ˡ
⻰ҵҶϷ˵ֻйоصشӲڸʱ䣬ÿιѧѧ֮󣬶ֱȥϺʱӦڻϺϡ
˵⻰˼ҲϣܹԼӣҪ첻ң֮ǰҲ±ҲֻԵؽӽȥ̸˻֪Ӹ˵Щʲô֮λΡ
³ÿμҶȴȰ˵Ҷʱͽһ˫۾޲ܳ˼ϣʲôУҲҿҶԵÿζûһġ
Ϊһˣӹ鲻ȷʵ£ɼܲסǹӳʱúöӣֹҶǳʲô£ΪһˣܵסԼǲֵӣֻó춼һţ¹ӻ֡
ҶϷ絹ҲûֻʣȥϺʲô
һ㶣ΪӶԼأѲԽĳͷԽҪ
ʹͷԵػش𣺡عӣҲ֪дţӴŲ̹Ĵҡ£Ϻÿ춼Ҫ˳ȥӵʱֱֲӽ˸ϳȥڽǵ˶ˡ
ЩдȻǲȫŵģȴֲܿѨ磬ԻϺ˶ԲĵǱҲҥԲ˶ˡ
ҶϷֺɻҶ֮ãӡ˺Ҳڹѧʱ˵˼仰ˣھˣܹܵյԷȥ
ҶϷƵ룺һʶõˣȻԼֳҪԼͣظϻظСȴԼֳһߣȥ˼ȥˡ
ҶϷ룬ɴͽԼЩСˣһֱСӣⵣǣ¿ηεĻᶼûУȤһͷСȴӰš
ǰСӱ˵Լ뿪ôãһϲᱻ߶á
һظоԼĵܵܳˣǸǸԼƨɺСƨѾҪֳˡ
ˣıܸ֪ܵջҪ֪Ǳֱܵӷɱˡ
ҶϷͻȻоۣʲôʲô롣
濴ͻȻƲֵһ̵ĹӺƵģͻȻڹϣʲô˵ƣݣһ糹ˣȴּǿԼƶܣ˲ɵۡ
һʱ֮䲻֪˵Щʲôҳţ;ĵ¡
߳䣬ֿٳܼڵǰȥǷˣûٽȥϺ򸮴
ܼҼˣΪʲôԸʣǹкηԸ
ҡҡͷӿƺ۵ӣҾӻûУûУȥϺһܼΪΣ
ܼҲСӳģ֪ԼүжôףӶǹһִģδңȴڸУӦ֪ӻˣȻҶʶˣֻ֪Ϻܡ
ǹֽܼһСȥͷܼҸմСˣͷҶֳҵϢסˣһȤ֮ͷˣ֮Ȳܻ



Ҷһ·˳߹νδȵģ
硣
ҶϷ˼ҲֻʱˣǳǳЦ⣬ҲԾ΢΢
ҶϷոֿԼҵܵһƵƮ磬ڻˡ
ҶϷѾԾһ΢΢ſֱۣҶҲɱǰҲϰԵҪֳȥͻȻʶʲôſֱ۳ٳûֳĸ첲Ӳԭء
ҶϷǵЦάֲס˰쿴Сӳãſɵԭأ޴ģ
ҶϷеظоӳˣбˡгɾͣһ˿ɻÿԥģһƺϣЦģ˲Żؼңȴܵ˼ȥ˾綼ˣ
Ҷ⻰ӲǳһޱȽӲЦݣǿһ
ҶϷЩˣ֪ôˡ
ôˣѲɿһˣ
ҶϷƶˣ˵ãһ˵оҶҪ޲޵ıˣʼСˡ
ҶϷסĳ嶯оЩڿʣȥˮȣͱһܱסˣͻȻоƻĵܵܺϤҲмܲס
ҶϷϽ˺ˣٱˣյȫˡ
Ҷ⻰Ͻſ磬תһȦǱߣҪתһȦתһȦúù۲һŰݡ
ڸտʼûã糤ʱǱ簫ת˵磬ۣҿԲû뵽Ū㡣
ҶϷ綼תԿۣķˣСӺʱôˣֲģô飬סЦ
ϽִҶļϣû£תˡ
ֱԼܵһһܱ֣֮ҶϷǹ΢ȴֻ֮ȥʧвŽɢȥ
ҶعεףղԼЩʲô£һܹȥһǶˡ
ǰֳǰЩ¶Σڻľˣ֮ǰʲôҪãִ¼ֱǲҲ̶á
ҶҴߣǰҲ˺ܶ£ڲǶһˣֳҲֻǰ¿ǰһʡ뵽ˣͻȻоﱻ̵͸
Ҷ⣺磬һ߾һ£ȥˣ
ҶϷ룺㳶أɣ
ҶʱŵʲôСһΧҶϷ£ңͣ
ҶϷʱϻһɺŨҩζ˴γ˾ǣھ¥
·ǰ죬Ҫ·Ҫźǿζû˵ҩҶϷϽֹס룬Һ֮úˣܸоǹɿɬҩζһֱͣϣҶСһĴᣬе顣
磬ʲôζҶüͷԥ
ҶϷһĿҶԴԻûʲô·ϸ·ЩˣûϢãȾ˷纮˼ҩʶһҩζ
ҶϷƶˣջͲƣϴ裬ôζСӵıѲɾ͹ӣ뵽ӣֿҶıӣһ¡
Ҷ̧ͷشһۣ˫۾Ư΢ĽëƤ۾ȻҶϷħ֣Լıӽȳû˵ȻԼ˸ط֪ʲô
ҶϷ磺ʲô飿ڵܺӶ𣿿컹ǰǸŴŴĿɰܵ
ҶϷòײųһεϷʮ㣬ͻȻһ޸Ļһ
磬Ѫζ
⻰ʮ㣬ԼѾ϶˽ǻҶϷϷͻȻð
ȣҾ͸Ⱦһ纮ôѪζòǱӳʲô˰ɣҶϷеؿҶ⣬ûĵ˼ǰȥһ֤ԼĹġ
ÿһв˵飬ȴҷ֮󣬾ͻŹҵ˵Ҵˡ
ҶϷ磺ΪǵСƨΪ˽𣿲һ룬ȷʵģҶϷԼ޷
ҶϷӣֻ
ÿθеʱ򣬻˼Ҳ֮󣬾ͻᡢӡ
ҶϷ磺⻹ûûˣŸոջؼңò׸հһôһҶ⡣
Ϊаѱϣܶôѵһծһܲˣ
ǰСˤڵϣĥƤһСˣȻѪζ
ҶؿƵһʶԼֳһ
ǰܣʲôʲôᣬȴôôôԣӦǹִһֳӲʯͷ
ҶʣѲһ֮ǰǸеһкõĶòã˵ʩѵҶֳĸ黹ûеˣȥˮ
⣬Ҷջ񣬵ءŶǻش
ҶϷ类̬ŪԴֳ̬
ʲô̬ȣһŶʹˣҶϷ罫һӽбҶ⡣
֪˵˼Ҷգգۣܹɵװ˺úӡ
ˣһֳֽ˲˵˵һȥһʶõ˸ϴ˼ңֳҲЩҪĴȥ룬УҪȸ˵һ֪ΪͻȻҪȥҪ˵Ľడ
ֻ˭أҶ⣺ǰҲһִҵģ֪ʱ䳤̲ǺǸǷֵýΨһ׼ɳȥţߣֳûǰ˵ʱߵҲ֪ҵҪһֳǽ㣬޴ͣ޴ɽӣҰҲͻȻһ²žġ
ҶϷһαҭرҶģֲڵӣ˼ѲɻԼˣ
漴뵽ղҶΪһµط֣ĵСӺʱôˣ
ˣҴˡ˵ӵֶ̧һˣӲַŻȥ˵˵ΪҪȥ
Ҷ⿴˱ŤֳͻȻоܿɰô£
ֲȴ±֪ǿװ򶨵ģַ̧ȥ֮Ҫ̧ӲǿԼȥôôɰأ
ҶܿʶԼ뷨ԽԽƫôܹɰԼֳأ
Ҷ⽫õĽ˵ȥϺ˵ʲôʢΪ˱ʣӶˣںӶһѣ˵˼㶼кӣҲʺ˯һŴϣҲǱĸˣֳҪĸһ˵ǣͰˣһڸڣķҲԶ
ҶϷǻɵؿԶ˵ǲš
Ѳɸ㲻ңҶǿίҶϷ硣
ҶϷ绹ΪˣǰС˵ٻʱͽһſͰ͵С쵽ԼǰⷴӦ˵֮ķӦ
Һʱ˵ˡˣ˯Ҳãȱʲôȥܼ˵áڿһ˯ˣôô
ҪֳοҶͻȻйװίͳίֳ֪ΣôѵӦһ𣿻ȥһȱʲôҲܱ˵ʲôȥܼ˵ȽϺðɡ
ʱԼֳĻҶ⣬վҲֱ׳ˣֻԼԼ

ҷŲ

Ҷ⿴ҶϷԺܿĵӣ̲סҰ˸翴ܿģѹѹȥ
ί˶ķ˺˫峺۾գգ͵ؿ㣬΢΢Ľëģܿɰ
ҶϷװɵûаֻҪҶǾ˼ǵģҶϷͳ׷ˣŶҶ֮󱾾ǲ鲻Ըذߵģڸˡ
ʱȥϺΪȡϣܹ⡣
ͻС㱻ʵ۴ĥ˲٣ҲҶϷ˲⣬ָˣȴܹ黹µ
ƽʱЩƽµܹؾˣ漰֮˵£ȴζԼˡ
ҶƽʱһȺѣɹϵõҲҶ
ҶΪлʵ۵ĹϵҶôҶ壬Ҳϲ˵ģǾǸգȱƵģСӺ˭дһԷշͶأʲô¶ס˵ʱɾͺˡ
ȥܹµ˾ȻֻвģҶ۹⻹ǲģóĵΪǼõģ˾ƨߵߵȥϺҲܻϺÿҪ˵۹⣬ÿ춼׼ʱݷá
ӰݷʱΪԼ⣬ǽϺŵòᣬϽȥдϺǡòڼңֻýĻдˡ
ҶҲɵûиͽԼʳȥϺݷʮԺŽԼĿ˵ġ
ʱʱŵˣɵĴܿˣ
Ҷνذ֣ʾûˣ⽫֧˲ŲĸԼģڲԼϺЩ˶ˣ滹Ҷȫ̰ѹأ԰ȫ
Ļһת
ʵҶϢҵͷĿѣһת÷ɿӶǹˡ
GûҿЦǲĲҶ⣬鱾ĺšǿֳ㲻ͬͬĸҲͬĸ
ҶⲢ֪ҶϷ粢ûѪԵϵ
Ȼ翪ţЩⰮõĹܼүҹӻҲԼԺЩС/ģȴֽĽȥģһǵܵһСĽĽԼֳ
ʱ˵Ĺ۵ںϣŮȴҲû˺ĵزܹ·߾ˡ
Щ޷⣬ΪʲôҶ⿴ϵľȻҶϷֿˣǽСɰŮӣҶѾҵˣҲ֤Ҷȷʵû취ˡ
ĽԼҶϷദһʱԼҶЩƶϳҶԼԼܡ
ֳģ϶ǹºЦɲܹоֳһ֮ˣܹܵ/׵¡
ҪǣҶϷȫǽҶ⵱ܵο˻ѪԵϵ谲͵ʵôܴӦ
İﲻһ仰
ҶҲżĵķӦԤ״˺ܶ࣬ⶼӦԼԼһ裬ʼƵƷ衣
ڽһֱѹﲻƶĴɽָһһ룬Ҷɣá
Ļعʱ򣬿ľƵƷŲ裬òС
һţûǽȫңԼʼˡ
ңҿɻ֧У⣬ҲʱϢһ£㲻֪⼸ĶǺӣһҸɶѹ 
ĸϽͷ۾뿴ˣһѹֳϰգҿܲ𡣡
Ҷʼ磬Ҳ룬Ҹҡ
ֲ֧ЦЦᶼˣҶ׺ݵú޲ܳ˵ĿвͣǿпܣȰ㻹Ƿֳ治ܵġ
һʵҶ֮ǰѾ֪ʵڲֻ
֪ҷԽԽˣΪ˴ֳȥܹҵ飬ȴȻҷֻԽԽִҲֻԽԽҷŲ¡
ʱҶͻȻͷЩʣڽղеĹ̬ˣͻȻҵբڵĺˮһ㣬ȥһʰ
ͻȻҪ޵һ֪Ϊǰһ̻úõһˣôͿˣֻŽҵģҲ֪ôο
Ǿʲôȿ޳ˡ
ûһҶ̧ͷ۾Щ֮⣬һж쳣
ĵݳȥ˸䣬ֻصԼУҶò
оˣ
ҶͷһЦݵͦõģûסּЦˡ
ҡͷҼ⣬Ҳ˵ȥԺѹˣӭߡ
ҶЦҡҡͷֻǸҳɣֶ֮һξ͹ˡ
̾εľ뵽Ҫ⣬㾭ЩҸûᾭҲ֪ҵĻﶼǧѡأ
Ҷ⣺׵ģ˴ܺù½ȻЦң֪ԺҪҳʲôУ֮ǰɾͱкõֳסֱڻ¡
ܵúúõĴŲŲĺ򸮹Ӷ֪ǿʿȥĵط
֮ǰδʻʱҲȥμһЩʫļᣬȥ֮ͽ֮󣬻Ϻ˾ͲˣЩġĻŮıӡ
տʼĻÿεһ֮һˣʧֶʧȥ֮󣬾Ҳû
֮˷ںͱҪҲδ̤Ϻ벽һֱ֮á
˵£Ļܺ棬ôȥ󻹱ֳץס
ҶӺƲ˵ҲûжʣǽԼ뵽Ķһ飬Ҳܹ뵽ⶼһԵ˵ҲҺ֮ǰְ࣬黰Ҳ٣ǿܹ˵һЩʵʵãıʾԼĿǰŮ涼ŵ˲֪
Ҷ󣬽ԼÿеĶñʼ¼Сؽֽ÷뻳С
⸱ӣļʹĽĸ鲻ܣ֪ϲһʲôζԼССĻϺһأΰһ˶֪˵һǺζôе⡣
гļƻҶ⻹ȥһ֪Ƿܹɹ
Ҷĺܼ򵥣ΣһԣϣϢֳֳҲϲʵڲУˣⱲӾͲٵˡ
ȻܲˬֳԼһҲ̬ȣȴҲֻܽѪԼ̣ΪҲǼƻܷһ֡
磬һ¡
ҶϷ翴һۣѣһšƮ
ҶǿԼߴ˵ƿͷҪӹѧҵȻʱȫϰ䣬ÿȥѧҲֻ˷ʱ䡣
ҶϷһ»ЩزɲֻǣҶδĳ·⣬漰ֲ⡣
ҶʾҲǳ佫ңҶ⻹Ҫϰ䣬֪Եʵ۶Ҷĳ谮̶ȣǷܹ谲һֱֱֳ
֮ǰС˵ҶҲȷʵȥ֮УΣ״ΣɱԼҪĴǿ
˽˵ҶϷֻϣԼܹܵһƽϣսսϵۣһСûˡ
ȻȴҶԼѡѵõĪһϲȷʵϰһ츳ҶϷҲӴµµһƬܴʵСֻܿԼµһƬصľǹһһ˵Ҳǲ̵ġ
ҶϷ罫ȥֱ壬ȷҪѡ·֪ζʲô

Ϊٳּҵ

Ҷͷ֪Ǽڵ״ôڻʵѧôãεг̶ҶϷй֮޲ҶϷﻹС
֮ǰѾǹҲ̽ʵ۵ĿڷˣʵȻֶܲȥݿ࣬Ҳ֪Ҷȷʵϲϰ䣬ҶĥӲݣѾɿˡ
ģʲѾͬˣϰʦҪʲ԰ţÿ»ҪܿˣЩνܹúܺá
ʱҶѾչ¶Լ־ɢŵĹâܹ̽ԺһһӢˬĿζɣԼеźӢһůС̫
ҶϷô˵΢һ㣬ͷʾ֪ˣȴ̲ס˸ࡣ
޳Ȼʵ۴ӦҶ⣬ܹϲ£޳ױ䣬ҪԼΣյ׼
ۻʵԺǷ⣬С˵ʵҲûжʱˣŻиʱͻݱǸʱλȴһֱûʲôҶǸλá
ҶҶڵĹϵȷʵܺãԺΣҶλ谲˵õģʱ԰һҶǸλá
ԺÿеĲʱֻҪڵܵߣܹܹ⣬ֻҪҶֵòȨʱҶҲ᲻ǵ֣Ҷ岻˼֣¥ܱסҶ⡣
ҶϷѾϰһʮҶĺźˣû⣬ҶԺȻ˳˳ˮġ
ҶϷ罫һпɿضƽȥˣΪǵˣϧ㲻㣬ָܻ⣬ҪסܵһӣĵܵܽʱͬգԸһӶֳ֮¡
ҶϷΪһֳȷʵְˣʵΪֳΣԭΪζԾ
Ҷⲻֳ֪Ϊô࣬ѾΪĺ·׼
ҶϷ綼׼˯ˣϾӣ谲ϾӣĿǰܹϵҲֻһǾǰ
սʱûҶǸСƨ棬ãĴֳȥһ죬ʱСƨ治ಽظֳһ죿
ûʱ⣬ͻȻоʲôһˣϸ˿ȵôˣӱˣ
ֻͬźǷᡣ
Ŀǰѻɶ󡣡ҶϷ⻰һŵֵܱܵܲں˿ΣӻԽԽѹˡ
ҭһ£Ц͵ҿ϶͵ĶЩҿɿ 
ҶϷƮƮһۣµתߣԼһȥˣ֮ˡ
Ҳ֪Լ⻰ֻ˵˵Ҷ֮ĳǵܵܣ治֪ʲôܹĵģҶ֮ô֪꣬Ҷ֮ķж٣ᡣ
᲻Ӱ첻˰ãƤԶǳܱȣԽṹҲ볣˲ͬ˼ҲƫҪǰգҶôˣҺõܵܲˣҲн찡Ǹоһ
һ϶˵ģȻǲԼȥֵ
Լһ˾ܳһʾ׵ϷûҲ֣Цüͣض񾭲Ƶġ
ôһﰭ۾ҶϷоûʲô˼ˣ˵ɣ˴к£
⻰˲ϷøҶ֮㻹ûģ㾹Ȼк£Ϊͼҵ㵹ãһ滨Ƶء绨ѩ¡աѰ
ҶϷ壬ؿݡ
˲ˣ͸о˵ȥˣû
˵ˣ˵ˣԳȥˣ͡
̴ø״̬ѹģƱħһıһӳеӡ
ϵװģҶϷÿλӣżȥ𴦣û˵ɣʲô¡
֮Ҫѧ˼ҿȸҪżĻǱ𴦣ڰûѶ֮⣬ҶϷ粢ġ
˴ԼĻǲǻ
ԼӦñˣȸӣżʲôϵ
ϾûȸҲ֪ȸż£̸֮ܿװʲôûȥϸȥˣô񽻸һˣԼȴһȥ磬Ĳʹ⼸¥һЩ⣬ԼȥɣҲˡ
˦ĸоͦˬģ̵룬Ҫû͸ˡ
ҶϷûת߽ԼңʱˣΪҪʹ˶ԼˣϽȥ
Ҳ֮ܲǰҶϷҵҪˣ̧ž͸ȥ
֮ģҶ֮Ȼûиȥ
ҶϷҲùڵܵܰȥˣǰΪάܵܵ󣬵ȻŰˣ˾ûҪˡ
ҶϷһɫСӣиָСһǸǸܵ׼ģ죬˼ҵֳõġ
ҶϷóһɫİƴĺֶͦģԾ͸ˡ
ϽסЩܳţ²ⲻʲô˵ĶɣҶ֮˺õ˵ЩﾹȻԼķݣ˺ĵķ
һһֱŰĺӣͻȻһյԳĹذܳͬʱҲһоǲܡ
һǰδеǸСӣǼŷƵֽͻȻˡ뵽еĲ²⣬˫۷ؿǼֽСؽ򿪡
ϤȴİķţоһٸҶϷһҲ޲ɡ
ǰʱʥФͥƷʢ㣬ʿȿֺ׷֮ʥǰʱѾǺܰˣʶõƷ֮٣СסѾֻм֮
̫һϲɣʥסǵ˳տĵزһֱҪ޸ӡ
ԭΪҲҵˣԼУúܲʵ
ںδģѾˣﱡֽغ޲һ
̧ҪҲѵһӵҶϷűӣϽԶʧķ衣
Ȼǰ¥̽ġ
ԺҪһڰ¥Ը⣬лˣǸ磬ȻûҾˣҵûȥԣͷ֪ҵõʲôöܻ
ҶϷ͡
⸱ģҲûǿɶĸоֻôôÿ
磬ˣˡ
ҶϷ죬л룺ǲǰңǰλʥ
ҶϷ翴ֱߵСӣнһɫƽóǵʱʱģǽǱߴ˼ҶԼҺȻȥ￪⣬͸ԼҺӡ
ûȥ⣬ҶϷ籾֪ҶʱʲôڵǾý£ʱȥоոպá
Ƿսϣܹ˱ƽġ
Ķٸȥͺˡ
ҶϷûн˴εóԭΪҶƤҪҶû¡
ǰÿγȥǻҪģҶⲻҪˣҶϷ绹֣ȴҲ˵֣ܾô˴λܵͻȻ˲١
֪ĺõܵˣǾԼѾһˣҪıԼֳ󣬲ҪֳһֱСӣȻҪˣһԼߣǴˣСӲŻҪģֳǲԼȥҪġ
Ҷһʮжɣڶȥƿγ̵̫˵Լӹѧҵѧÿ춼ڸƵĽҵȹǰÿοʱĳü˴λȡ
ԺԼΪԼȨҲǸ˼ֳǰ˵ʲôٱСˣΪѾӹѧҵǸܹԼĴˡ
Ҫѧˣ̻ؼҸ˵ڶһҶҵԡҶ˵ȴֻ룬ʱû뿪ѧĴ㡣

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ܿҶһˣζѾʮˡ
˴εûдĵذ죬һС˴ĵذ죬Ϊ߸ҲֻȡһʱǮ˼ҲŻϯʱҲȥһϵз£ϯߵĸһ
˴ΣһֻһһٷϵʱﳤӣϾһˡ
ҶΪʵ谮ֶӣһйĹ˻ʵ͸һȻÿҶϷֶҲõһЩ
Ҷÿ궼ڼңҲֻÿʱŻӹҶһº󣬾͵ҶϷҶǻ£ʱ궼Ҳǳ̬
ÿҶϷʱҶﶼ̵룬ҵֳǰ棬Ӧֳء
ҶﻹһˣǾǽҶĹ͸͸Ĳġ
ıĸ׹ܵýоԼӳȥһˣЩԶĻŮ˶ԼҶӣһѵһܹȥʱܹ߳ҲܻŻϺ˻䰲֮ˣÿζŪпԡ
˺ľͲϲȥˣÿԼԺҲȥ꽻ҲԶڼû
ʱɫ̫ãϴЦҶҵһû˵ĵط̽ʲô£ʱŰ̫ѨһƣͻȻҸоҵһֻ˿ȸŽʵѹ֣˿ȸû˼룬һҲãһ˼ˣҸоȥˡ
Ҷһʱ֮䲻֪ôοһֱĲĶǵž鵭ȻŻģż˵º⣬û˱ģ˵ȥˡ
Ҷһֱ֪ǺζԼһ鷳·ģȴԼǵ֥Сĸȥ
ʲô˵仰
Ҷһļֳǰ˵Ը˴Լĺ˴ˣ֣ʲô
ı۾ƣGɷȻһ֮ٸ㡣
ҶͷڲĻ۾һš
ҶתȥһЩ룬һĿռ䣬ȴܹʲôĵطš
ҶⲻƲ⣬ʲôòĽʧأȻ˵ǷȥƺҲֻ뻴Ϻ˵¡
룬ɴȥʲһʥּʥּϾдûϺԺ󶼲ԼŲģʲô͸ʲôͳ
׳ɳ˲٣嶯侲뵽пܺ£ֻòĵĴø⣬¾ҪТֻŮТûָĸ̫ܵۡ
ûһľµ߹Ҷļ
íGЦˡ
˵ﻰҸ¶˵ˣʵʲô
Ц֣صصлл
ҶϽڰ֣ҿʲôûҼǵµʱ򣬻ǰ޹أѾܺˣޣҲںӺɷ򣬲Сұ֤Բڶ˵𣬰ֳ
ҶβѣĵģͻȻоеɢ٣ÿ˵Ǹо˿ڶɢĶϺ⡣
¾ˣҲ֪οޣʶ޻ˣԺGʲôίǿǰޣĪҪΪҴ˴ûǰ޾Ͳˡ
⻰˵Цȴܹó溬еСҪά̽Ͳ顣
ǰڴ඼ûˣòһӲڻϺ˵Ҷ⣬Ըദܣʱ⣬һһֱڰ֮ͻȻһ⣬ܻẦһֲˡ
ҶϽ֤Ȼûָҳ⣬ֳûУҿֻһ˵Щ֪ҲֻǰˣʱĪҪҡ
⻰ĵģ룬Ȼ仰ĲܳȥˣҲҧȥ׷ȥĻᡣ
ʱĲľЩĽҶϷˣһůĵܵܡ
ֿԸ˵һ·ʲôΪͻȻҲҪ̽Щʲôܹʹ˵úܶ࣬ûֳô࣬ȴǿԸ㵱
̲סְһ̫ѨŻ˵ĸһɽϼңϣܹɼңҲ֪ɽǲ˵ҪһõĹΣǶǱߺãĸװ˾Ҫһֱҡ
Ķ˶٣ּοСھǳеһжڴ˴ȥɽⱲҲӲĸ׵ˡ
ΣҶһμϵıʹ࣬ȴǿѹţҲͬ⣬ĸԼѾöע⣬ľˣǰþǵĹﶼϱⱲӾˣһԿһ£ҲִڣҲҵΣҶҪȡһ¡
֮ҳʱһǴӸȫǲǻĵطˣƵʱιȥˣǶֻŽңæչһûлͷһͷˣһˣһ̣о˿Ѿõɡ
ı۾ԳһЦ촽ҧƤˣһֱһְֻ̫Ѩλá
ͻȻվҶæ󣬿ȻߵԱߵĳԣȻŻ£ҶϽ߹ȥĺ󱳣ϣܹЩ֢״мγԶˣµضʱֳĺ󱳡
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ҶϽ֮ǰûüͳȥݵС
ȻƮݣƺɫ԰Щ񷴶ȸղź˵㣬Ҷǳɻȴüͷû˵
Ȼ֪ļûᣬ֪֮˸оΣʱοԵ
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ҶͷҾͷˡʲôֹסˣòĽЩԸϣܹſģ뻹Żˣв󣬲ÿ˶ܹеɵġ
ĿֹģЦG֪ղΪ£
ҶҡҡͷҪֹ˵Щĵģû˵ʲôּ˵֪ҾȻҵĸ׺ܶģˣҲԼʲôԣҳԼĵԼĸ׶ĵȴĿǰΪ
ĲЦŵģܸоҵʹ
Ҷ⻰֪νȥ
Ȼܲףﶼֵܶ˵ģĸ⼸ΪԵĻ䣬Ĺܽ˺ܶ࣬һȫֳܹҲǺܹģᾭָʳƷ
ҶⲻףΪһĸ׵İöӲķӦġ
Σϣһ˳ƽְĿеȻǸ׿֮ˡ
ĵЦϣһ漴Цݣ֣лG
ҶϽܿһݣ֮д˴Ҳκ£˺£ֻΪҽ㵱֪
ҶϵֱЦݵΪ޶ˣԺ󶨲ˡ



һֱߣҶԭҹҪߣӱǽģǾŻϺȥˡ
£ͬʱҲҶ˺̲ܶ࣬ס룬һ죬ֳ֪Լ˼˶ԼǴģÿ˶Լʱܹʲôأ
ϵʱ򣬷ȥ˯ţһ㣬ҺģܸоҪץסʲôܰģֳ͸Ǹýˡ
˯ţҶ˯ԵɵɵҶϽ󣬱Ҷֹ̧ˡ
ſֳﻹŹҶ⵱ϣͻȻܻӣʱﱧһӡ
ҶǰһƮӣܲҪʲôͻȻӱȥˣõøŵķԸҶͷ˯ȥˡ
Ҷ붼û붼ϽţԼͻȻƵģú֮͹ԹԵĻӦǹһû
Ҷ΢΢Щر죬һţҲ֮ǰŵĴһࡣ
һһЩͳǰ棿
֪ΪΣҶоˣСҡ˵ŷӦôСֳ϶ּӴң硣
̴ȵһ£·ȥ㿪š
·ҶԺð⼸֣Ҳֻʣ֡
Ѳֳûд·ǷװûֱӽȥֳҸһﶼ·ֳû·Ӧúܺÿɣ
ҶоԺģ۾޲ֱӴţֳû·ģ
Сֳסһӣûпֳû·ģǰԶǴģǰôֻ˯ûйעⷽ°
ҶǿװŶôǿҴݵ/װŶôǿҵİա
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һ£ͱѪ
ҶϷŵʱ򣬾ͿԼǲʡĵĵܱܵűӣϹ棬΢¹⣬ǾȻıѪҶϷ˲ˣ巴ӦѾڴԵķӦٶȣ̽
˸ĵƹ⣬ڿˣѪԴԴϵҶɵһ㣬ͷԵģǽˣǻҲƱˣڻɵվԭأһҲȫǽӲŵġ
ҶϷһ˲Ҳ֪ǸȸֹѪȽ˵Ļ껽źá
òҲл꣬ѡƸѡҲܻűӣɵһɵվŵҶ⣬ȥˮˮֽѾճϼѪıÿһԣëմˮšɺס
һſԽԽ׵ıѪʱõ˿ƣҶҲعȴͷŵϣƵͻȻһ仨
ҶϷһĹȥᣬһСֽòײֹסıѪ
ǿʲôǵл㿴Ʋˡ
Ҷ룺ǵлҿƲۣǰҿƲֻۣÿϲڵĻ
ҽ˯ȴǹɵúܣŻûί
ҶϷĲһ£ͷԺһ˯ߣ˯طǵʲôڣֳ
ҶϽ̧ͷֿɢɢ·Ͻ΢΢ǿн۾ƵȥǸ˵ģֻҪҪ˯㶼ԾܾңһӶԡ
˵־ԵԼ̫棬ֽ۾ת˺ܾãӦòٿЩʲôɣ
ǲܣԽԽÿ˺ÿ֮ˣҶоٲƿۣ±ѪҪˣֻǿŲۡ
ҶϷ翴ĹִЦ̲סͷˬЦŴԣһӡ
ҶϷɲ֪仰֮˲ٿͷõʱ޲ܻصڣǸܹܵɶµԵӶˣֻһܵԴԼ
ڵһܵԴεҶϷ㲻ѡ
ոΪѪˣΪ⼸Ե̫ϻˣ쿪ʼ嵭㣬ԸҪЩʳˡ
Ҷ⣺ǣ⼸Եһ㶼ϻģ磬Ҿ̫嵭ˣҵθ͵ζˣͿҰɡ
𣿡ҶϷĿɨҶȫһ飬ΪѪˣҿɲΪȵԵʣǺʵġ
Ϊڸ֮Ҷ⣺ѵ˵ǿֵ·ϻģ⻰ڵҶ˵
⡭ðɣԿѼһֻѼҶϽס֣۾գգ͵ؿ磬硭βϵҶϷȫƤ
ҶϷϽذǿУѼϻ𣬻һģҿɲ´ٿʱֿһѪĵУǵ´ٳëմˮš֮ںףҪٵһˣʵڲᣬҶȥҲУǧűѪ
ҶĲ鲻Ըصͷֺһ硭ĳѼȫռѾ֮ǰԼıԼļƻ˲ֳ
ҶϷذץý䣬ԭֶ׸ı䣿
䱻Ҷקţһ۵Ӷȥ㻹Ҫקȥ𣿡
Ҷ˲ջצӣɵؽצӷڱźã磬ȥ˯ȥˣҪ˯𣿡
ҶϷһۣԼ˯ҸϴͷʪģæŸֹѪֵͷˡ
ҶһɲǣֳͷʪϣɷֿѾˣǵˮһ仰Ҫ׷ˣҪԷչ˺ãǧ˼ί
ҶϽԸµ磬ҸΪͷô˶ûɣǰҲҲҶûΪÿ㶼Ҹɺã
˫峺۾ҶϷ磬ҶϷ˲䶪жףÿСԼĶɲ֪˲Щ͸ңԼ
ֻǲԸ⹼ܵܵһˣʵǲûûεĵܻܵϸĻ
Ҷ۾ϽͷЦѹѹȥõʲôĶʵϾǷ˸˲ͷѣҶ˵ȷʵܱ
ȥë
˵ҲҶϷ˵ë֮ǰùˣѾһƵĲӰҶϷڣҲýסˡ
ܿ죬Ҷһɫë֣ԾԾԵ磬ţҸɡ
ҶϷ翴Ī˷ܼε߹ȥãԼͷ϶
ԭΪС˵Ҷ᱿ֱţͷҪҶﱻ̣٣ҶտʼʱȷʵЩֱŵģ֮Ϥˣʼ
ҶѧʱѧѨ֪ͷмѨʵѹ˷ɣȥһȻҶϷϺεʰ˯ˡ
ҶȥڹѧϰôѨͨͷʹԺÿζֳĦǡֳٹҪμˣֳʵطɡ
ԽԽÿУ޲̾ͽڹһĦ춼ѧ
Ҷ֮ҶϷѾ˯ˡ
ҶԼֳһη˯µֳ˺ÿƲСĴ⳾ġ
ĵƹ˯ˣǲٽţ΢΢ܺÿüҲȫɵģٽţֳ۽ëҲܳ³ʱЩȴˣӺֱͦҲƯ
Ҷ鲻Խ֣ҪǿͺõֳǷֻԼĻ룬Ϸ룬üëأǽëҲͦÿģͣӦûܺ
ûüʱ򣬾ͼ绺۾ڿлûü׼֡
磿ǸҾҪ㡣
ҶϷԺһۣûֱӴ̫ʦڴ˯ˡ
ҶԭأһʱҲҲǡ
һҶϷԺϽ˯
ҶϽջ֣ӦŶ
ϽصңѾõĴǵϤζ޲һֳòеӣֻǿջ뷨ʹᣬֳζ
һŹؾصɺ˯ɲһָоʵ̲סҪֳϵζ
һҶϷ磬Ҫˣſͣ¡
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ҶǰŲŲҶϷĺˡ
ûʼ㣬ͱһ§ס֣Ͻ˯ɳҴѵһԺȫûʱǷ
Ҷ˲оԼ彩Ӳ˽ս˺ܾã
һҶ˯üȿֿʹĵһоƱ۹ʹ̫ˣ˷ܵýʱ˯ţֻ˯һʱҪ䣬뿪ֳϢıѡ



Ҷڼҵģֵܶÿ춼СԺ䷹̸ӣҶϷ翴ǸֱÿӶ⡣
˵ദǸӣǿһѣҶʺҶ⣬óǸûˣһ𵽴һһľϴûΡ
ԴӴǵְ֮Ҷʵǽһ⣬ҲװصˣֻҪڸֻŴĴ档
ܼÿο޲ܳԼҲ׵үӣֺУӺӣͲСԶЩү겻ڼʱ߶Ҳǹܼҡ
ҶǿԵľҹҶҶʸ˾Ѱ
Ҷ⣬ϿǸ˲ҶϷ磬Լһ㣬ؽͽ֮۾Ҳ߽ȥˣ˼Ϳļȫȥˣ緹ԵĿš
Ҷڴӽʱʹ뿪ˣҶֻһȰ˵Ҷţʶ緹ûԵ˼ҿſǻΪ֪λӵݣҲû˸ֱӸߡ
òѰصȵֳ֮գҶһǰһĶȥӳôֳ
ããȺҶһ۾ͿԼֳÿƸմӼƵģģͷ棬µڿĲҲ̶ãȥЩҪҲûжˡ
ֻԼֳǷʣ֥һ鱻̺õı񣬲̵ģҶЩϧ
Լʱ̲סĴ治뷨ҶѾˣƹˤǷϣöһ䲻࣬һҲ٣Щ뷨Щ治֮¶ԣʵ㲻ʲô
ҶϽȺߵֳǰɫ˲٣Ҳ࣬ҶʱΪֳۣ֪ΪҪԼΪԼܣμʲӿԣֱһ
Ҷ֮´һ飬Ͻմ޹ĴҶϷϣһ۵˲٣Ժ󲻿ˣֳ콫ϣ岻ã⼸նǳ˲ٿɡ
ҶϷһ飬ܸо죬˺ܲϲüͷһ壬Ҫ˵
ϧܵˣû˵ھͱܵܽȥ֮࣬ԺóЩġ
üͷϲͣҲͣ멸ҶϷϣɾڴϴһᡣ
ҶϷ磺ã˷ЩʱⲻСӾǹġ
ҶϷؿһȦΧˣֺܶ˶ڿǣӡޡĽȵĿһ˲ƮӵֳҶֺⷢ׺ɷؽȺɨһȦ
ò˵ͿС˿Сһ˲䣬ЩһѺƱסʺҪϢĸо⻹ܹס˵ġ
˵߱ƻȥ֮ҶּԼֳкܶӵıûʧ˼ϵıҲȻҶܹƵġ
ҶϷ翴СǹƵıΪȦµڱԼϿ֮˻ҪأһʱҲ˵ֵĻֻĬ
ʱǺ䣬ȻЩȴԶԶûдﵽҪ멵ĵزһЩƶѧϵ·Ǳһ㡣
һһ멵ҶϷֱһ⡣
ҶϷͻȻоһ˲ǽʮûȫˣƤҲûˣֻ޲󣬸Ͻȥˡ
ҶϷŻҪੲݵĵܸܵϽ뿪طⶼĵطˡ
̫ˣҶϷ
Ҷⱻ߻鲻Ը֮ǰֵһЩĿ̲סˣ˼ŵɫְ˼֣ԽͻЩվǣҹɫȦĿǶʮһĳʵϸ˵ЩҲȷʵĹˣδĹ֮
ҶϷŵܵߵߣ޹ƿӣŵİ󣬲Ϊߴˡ
·ʮлƮŸָζĳʳҶϷоüͷͻȻͻȻ񱩷ĺԼܵĪǱˣ
һ̣ҶϷ룬յĻ۽𾦾ͺˣʲôħ֣ȻҸҵܵϣҪɢ
ҶϷԺˮѿʵ׼ģ
ҶȴΪֳǶúˣԵľ̲סʿˮ۵ȻҲҸ򿪣ĪԣҴˮȵģҭҲҪǲܼѾԸϲĲˣؼҾܳԣڳ˶ٻ·
Ҷ˵óһµ̶⣬ɷ˵ҶϷһһӷҶϷϣ磬ϲŴ٣ţȳ̶ٳŴ֮ǰû̶Ŷ岻á
ˣȽϲҲˣԭҪģɸҴ˵Ǹζ̫ҸˣҾͦóԵģϲǸˡʵɵһˡ
ǣҶϷһֻҲֶֻ֣ųԵģ֪ĻΪһôĳԻ
ҶϷоԼǺüͷҪˣⱩƵСƨԼǸɰµĵܵܣĲżղǸɴĵܱܵˣ
ҶϷ󺰣㻹Ǹִĵܵ
Ҳȥ˸ԣûȱҳʳûţҲûţ⡭ҶϷ翴һĿʵЩˣòô࣬ôһ·Ҳشô࡭
ҶϷԽԽСΪԽ˵ȥҵܵܿԽޣίСҶϷԼҪ˵ȥܾҪ̺ˣǿ˵Ҳ֣֪ǷǴͻȻоԼǸĺ
ҶϷ簲οԼ϶⼸켸ҹһСƻˣȻֻþӻǲܹʹòǡ
ҶϷľܾĻ֮ͣҶЦ绨ӭڵ磬㳢ܺóԵġ
ҶϷ磺շŽȥأﻹ
ԡҶЦӯӯС̿΢΢۾Ҳֻ޾ɵС
еĶûءҶϷ̲䵽
Ҫιֳֳô죬ûΪֳʲôֻҪιֳЩԵġȻСϿı飬ҶϷ̽еͶ
ǴҳеιҶϷʵ
еǸǸԵġҶ̵
ҶϷˣҲЩСӼֱȡ֣лܳԣĻŸ
ø⻰ǱŻʵġ
˼ҶûƵģеȻøŵģֻжֲܳŻιȻι㡣
ҶϷ磺˵úеŶһʱ侹ȻԼˡ
ץס㻹ֱó˵ȻҲûûоЩܣҶϷ룬ɲٳֵڶҶˣȻ첻Сľͽˡ
ƨҶϷö˲Լû˵໰ˣֶѾ̧Ҫˣٿĸ֮󣬻ˣʱ˲Ҫմ˸м
ҶϷ漴ӦΪʲôҪһСƨĻܽǶˣ룬Ҳ֪СƨԼҲķĺ⣬ֻðοԼһСƨƽϡ
ҶϷ̲ס̾Сӻԩңרİɡ
ֳֳɲ˵໰ġһĻҶϷ綼ˡ
ҶϷ磺оҪļˣǸճĿҪͻȻԼܻܵ
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Ҷⱻҭһ£ű죬ͶʳĶԽԽ죬ҶϷñ̸ϽֹͣĶȻⱲӶٳԸˡ
ҶϷϽܵˣͻȻоӺܣԲˣչôҲˣֳιɺã˵գֹԼҵܵһЦ
ҶԺصͷȷӦʱѾһζĸˡ
ûҶϷǹģ˭СӺô
Ҷ⿴ֳЦݣҲüƽͻȻ˼ˣΪָоͶιֳ˸ˡ
ι㣬Ҷ⻹ҪԼֳ£ҶϷԸ⣬ҶҲҳԼֳֻò鲻ԸҶϷ⡣

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ҶȤÿֳԷȻûֳιʳ
Ҫ˵õӻﲻ˳ǾҪԼǷͻȻ֣òײŵõĸֳιʳĻᡣ
ҶڷǳϣֳϽߣˣпɾû˻ֳעˡ
ˣҶϷ㱻ҶˣһûӴƸ֣෴еĿҲǴһ쿪ʼȫȥҲûκιϵ
ϳ緹ʱҶʾᵽҪΪҶϷһźõ£˵̫ξҶϷס
ʱҶ֮˾ǰȣξ正˶ֳв֮ģԭΪˣҲˣǸŮ˾ȻФֳ
Ҷӵ˶ûֹҪ˵ʲôȴоɤ﷢
Ϊһܵܣ˵ʲôأ
ԼֳһԼļңνһӣһ˵ĳˡ
Ҷ⻹ҪҶϷĴ𰸣ֻҪһ𰸣ĶҪ
ҶϷԴȴһҲģҶĿӼһ˫
ˣ˵ԼĴ㣺ҾͻССС;ͳףǳףҶһԼϲģһһֻΪ˳׶ףҾûҪҲҪĻ
ҶҲµõĿ϶𰸣ֻ֮һ⡣
˵𰸣ҶӦǸ˵ģȴĪĸ˲֮һ춼ҲûЦҲҶϷˣûв׽һµ˼
׼ģһֻȫͨ͸÷ʽ򵥣ó֮ڴ˵óϣϸЩĻܹһ껨ϿС֣硣
ҶӻʹĲϣԼʦѧĵ̡
÷ҶϷϲĻҶҶϷ˵÷֮ǿҲٺ壬ӭѩŭţǿǣ͵
Ҷ⵱ʱ룬÷ֳΪ䣬ʱȾ뵽÷ģҲҪԼеⶼϣʱֳߣԵֻ÷ڼҲ֪˶ٺ
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Ҷ֮һֱԼԷҲûڶһŻʵϰʦ䣬ϴȥϺ򸮣һ֪ȥҲġ
֪ĸ˵ʲô֮˾ҲǵҶϷֳҶ׶׾ͽԼεûƢĲЩĽʺޡ
֪ĸ˵Щʲô֮ļ죬Ҷÿ춼ڿϰ䳡ϰ䣬һʮʱ˳Ժ˯ʱ䣬а˸ʱϰ䳡ȹģҶϷοЩζ
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ҶϷԼоԼ̫ˣҶǵഺڵС˼ȻӰ쵽ֳģһеû¸ɣĥҶ⼸Ȼ˺ȻֵԵ顣
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ԭҶʵ˼йϵɼͺˣûУҶϷҲôġ
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ҶϷ翴Ҷ⼸춼ϰ䳡ȹѵüʲôȤڸֻ֪ϰ䲻ڶķչʶȥߡ
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ҶϷ°ͣ϶Ǿ͵ɣ㹻ãȻҲš
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Ҷ⼱ˣҶϷ֣磬˵Ҫ֮ߣӦ˵أ
ҶϷ翴Լ֣죬ʵҵܵܣʱΪˣ
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ҶϷ磺Ǵıɱֳ
Ҷ⣺˭ֳʳԶʡ
ҶϷ簵˿ܵһķǣˣҶϷڲ֪ԭ˻Ҫʱ˺ͣȱһɰ
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ҶϷֻΪҶ⼸ķΪҶᵽ֮£ҶͻСʶǰ֪⺢ЩֿصΪѾ˵ˣҲˡ
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죬һನϵҶУ뿪ɵҶƸƼɵĺʱ裬ԶȥȻúȴ˵ϡ
磬˵ΪʲôЩҶҪ뿪ɣǲ뿪ɣܹһʱ䡣
Ҷ緹֮ҶϷס˵ԭǣ˹˶
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ҶϷЦҪܹӪɵĽ࣬ǷԸ񣬲ܹһΣֺαֻһɲأܹ黹иķ羰࿴һЩǺõġ
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ҶϷ翴⸱ӣֿʼͷˡഺڵкͷۣ
ŰҶҪһӶҶϷ粻֪ΪʲôҶô±ѵഺȫжȱҶϷûഺڵĿ֮˲֪ġ
ȥˣĵһѩҲڶƮƮһѩһжѩ֮£һеĺõǲõģڰɫװ¼򵥶
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ҶϷ΢΢šһü̾˿ҲֻϣҵĵܵܺúõġҶϷѾϰҶĳ죬Ҳû֮ǰʱʱˡ
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Ҷ̧ͷ΢ЦſҶϷ硣
ҶϷ磺ãɡ
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ҶϷ磺㴩ôЩǳԲȥҼţůЩ
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޹ŻҶûƵģͷҲϵı飬޹ҶϽܻǣȥˡ
޹û߲ãҶ̧ͷۿÿӣȻȴһͷ͵ޣڼʲô۾ҶϷ劏ʧķ촽ѪҲûκθо
˿һо϶һҪ˵Ұޣһһֻ͸žԱҰޡ

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ҶʧǵػصԸ׼ȥ֮һ춼û˵һ仰
ҶӹҶϷ绹ûл
һֱ˵ڶ죬ҶϷҲûлϵʱ޹˵ҶϷҶûƵģִҶϷķŵһϡ
濴һ㲵ӣٿǳѪ۾ʱ˲Сľţ֪ôˣȰȴ֪ôȰת
Ҷ߳󣬺ʧȥ֪ÿյϰߣøһû˯һӰ춼ûС
ϣе鶼ˣҲϢűһ·ʹȥסֻÿҶúÿӡ
Ҷ˸ҲûطȥֱӳŻϺķȥ
˻Ϻģÿ˶ûѪĻģҶһθоϺ򸮵ķж໵еᵽһֱһĻС
룬ǻȥİɣѹͻȻ˵ȥˡ
ҶͻȻһ̶Ըӿ˲ȥĵСԺ
ĵԺԶɫ۴ﶬСԺһЩľɫģȫǰããѩԵۣҲӦۡΨһһĵط˰ɣ
Ҷʱ򣬲°Ͳ֪ЩʲôҶˣϵı˼ַɺͽѣƿòѣʵǲżûѡ
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Ҷⲻ֪ǲǴܸоĿֵֹģƿ˾꣬ϣžͽѡ
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ҶȴֻҡҡͷҪû˯ãá
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ĿԽԽѿɫ̾˿ͣ˻ͷҲ֪ΪνҶصĵѹˡ
Ҷ۾ƫȥȫ͸һǷϺ
ǵһοģǰܵ˺ִҳ֮ˣܻϰԵʱעԼı飬ҶֲԸԼʹϸ˿֮ˡ
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ֱߵԼ˯ԭΪ϶һҹߣֵǣûþ˯ˣʵܹԵʰɡ
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ԼֻǸг˱£һµģôһˣء
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ҶϽɽǰȥסϺˣƽʱĻϺ˴ʱó棬Ҷһϰֵ׳СӾȻ
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Ϻ۾ˣһ˲˶Դ
ЩƽʱϺ˵µģϺԼŮˣһ굽ͷģʶ򸮻ûʱҲºЩ˶˵ĻûִС
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м׳ŵǰϺǰһ䣺Ǹ˷ˡͽϺȥƾôûá
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˽ϺԶ֮󣬻ϺַԸȥҶҽҶֹˡ
ϺָϽҶЦӣ㿴״ΪȮͻȻĹȣʧ˷ִ磬ӵ˻ϺܵףҲӿڰĵϣĪҪӼƽϡ
Ҷ⿴һۣǰ˲ȸ˼꣬ȴ׳ʣ۾гһߣһͲʲôˡ
һſϳģܹ븸ڵӢᲢۣվһ𣬿϶ᱻϴ֡Ҷӵ룺ǰ֥˶Ȼһ˵ĵ
Ÿո˸ӣǰȴˣȻãҲֻźǷΪӶ˿ûаΪӵʹģװӶûС
Ҳ֪˻Ƶصӹ̫ɵʣ˸ûӣǿĿǰֻһʮꡣ
ҶͻȻоۣ̫ͱŲĴӴ뿪硢ҲͦãڿϢˡ
Ҷǰ˿øУҲ׼˵һ仰үȥһ档
Ϻʱ˵ҪЩף˹ĵһ죬ŵĶס
Ϻȴ붼ûʹӦˣæǰ·м仹ߴ·ҶˡǰϺ˴·ߵ˲ǸСԺ
仴ϺɫɫģҶΪѾȥĲĸеᡣ
ҶߵĵСԺ֮󣬿ϤһһľٿϺļˣ;ûϺ˲˸뿪
ϺҲֺǺǵˣҲźһС㽫°Ͻߣһһ붼Ǹˡ
ҶҵĵС꼺꼺Ҷ⣬Ͳͣµһ仰˵
Ҷ򴽣Щ̣һԼֹסˣ꼺ȥĳµĵط
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ҶͻȻЩޣɤȴؿںƱǧصʯͷѹסѣֽҲԽ䡣
Ϊү˾ˣ·صȴûʰ
İƱȻ鶯ʱҶŷӦԼ
꼺ȴûвҶʣ𣺡С˷үʱѪɵȦԱСкܶѪҹȥʱ֡үѾѾû˺֮ȥˣ˿޺ű˽үˣ֮һֱүԸֱ֣ү֮ʱҲû£үҲӸյ֮ǰŵǸʱҵý˶ʶ񶼻û
꼺˵ʣζ˵ȥˣǼּľ˵
ûѩʺѪɫѪںһ𣬿ʺȥһʥ
Ҷܾöû˵һ仰˵ȴҲԴ˾ʱ֪˵ʲô˵ʲô
ʱ꼺ӻóһŷ⣬ӣүøģҸղŻ񣬲ǽӣүӦðźš뿪ģȴʲôû֡
˵˵ţֿʼȴǿز޳
ҶӹǷţᣬܹоǱֽţȴоֳصÿҪ̧ˡ
촽һֱߣеֽٳûд򿪡
꼺ûдĵ˸Ҷһȥˡ
Ҷ⿿ǸɫԲεȦﲻظֳĵʱ龰
ʱӦѾ賿ˣҹΪѩԵʣϡܹվѩ¿ʲôʲôԼѪһȦ״ڽȦ󣬿϶ɫĹâһԺ߲ѵĵطȻǸȦֻϣӽԺȦ֮˲Ҫȥ
뿪ʱӦǺЦİɡ
ҶվȦͣһŽǷŲ
ŷϹдšGĸ֣һһģȴ˵Щ˴ŵЦ
ԴӣʱһˣʱѳΪһ飬˽¶֮ʣΩԸһˡ˼֪ʱ֮񣬽֮Уʼ֮ҲԣΪһҲڴʹʹѰһľһ꣬⣬һĶ߱ǡ֮׾Ӷ֮С꼺ΪΨһ֮ǣң֣֮֮ΪѰһ֮ءԶ룬Ωٱ֮顣ɣʡ
ŵĺ滹һΪ꼺
Ҷ⽫Ŷۺ÷ڻУһʱ֮ٸн˵Ǻζ
֮ʣľΪдţεºܣˣӡ

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ϣҶϷ绹ûл
һֱڶ죬Ҷڿ⼸춼ҶϷߵ޹
С˼ӡ޹ŲҴңӦʲô£ҶϽͣк
ҶͷƲ𣺡ֳʱ
޹ɻ󣬵һģûʰҪӵĺܶණҲҪֻԼʰˡ
Ҷһ£µҡͷǡôˣֳҪţͻȻҪʰ
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ҶͻȻ³һֱ˺ףðŷӦȴƲĵ޹˵劏ֳλ
޹֪Ҷԡ劏⼸ִľ޴Ӱ죬ҲЩ֣ӾȻ֪劏ǰҲŹһȥξ¥᲻ʶ劏أ
޹ӣȷʵλ
Ҷ⾡Լûôᣬֳλ劏ϵǺܡá
޹û֮ͣ٣Ҳʲôֻʵش𣺡ӦǼõģ劏빫ӾʱҲ໥Ц
Ҷⲻֹһıˮûˣ˶ˮûˣֻҪһ˾ͻ̱ˮ۵ѾľȴΪ۵ö˾ͲоۣȻܹظо˺ѷεۡ
Ҷ޹±ȥæɣԼȥֳá
Ҷס壬ͻȻоĶ̫ˣʲôֻϽر˯һԶҪ
޹֮ȥˡ
ҶԼסôǼӣѾˣӣҲֻһˡ
֪ΪΣվȻ߽ȥſǻţһ붼Ƿ֣ȵĻ渽Ƶġ
뵽ǰдǷţ뵽˾ҲˣǰǰΪԼŬһ׵һܹվֳ磬ԳΪִһ֮ˡ
̫ãõǰһֱûʵֻսսضԼ֯ξξһƣȻʵ˲пᡣ
̧֣˴š
ƺѾԼˣƵʸߵҶⶼú£ΪҪԼ˼ĺ룬֮˶裬ȴûʲôϵ
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ﴫǸϤϤ˵ᡣ
ҶʱҶϷѾʰҪĶڷôҶ˵Ҫȥ£ȻҶ⣬һʱ䶼֪˵ʲô
һСڱ˵ֻʵĽϣ֮飬ҶȻҲĽ㽲ѡ
ҶϷϴȥϻ֮Ҷ˵ǱߵһЩ飬ҶԽĵطӶ˼ҶϷӦ´ȥ϶һ
Ȼ˴δҶºܲ㣬ҶϷ˴γȥʱܳܲڳϦϻؼҲ˵ʶȥ¿϶ҲסģʱҶ֪˲֪Ҫֶá
ҪʧڵܵܣҪõܱܵΪĵͻȻģȥϵһõɾͱøбҪˡ
Ҷ⿴Ųżղ˼ɳǵֳǰÿȻЩ㲣ܺãĵͬʱǹɬʹҲͬʱӿ˳
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ҶϷЦԼֳΪʲôҪ͵͵Ҳ͵˲רҵ
ҶϷ粢ûȿڽڷһ˼ҶµӦԼȥ϶ڤ˼룬ʱֺƱ̵ÿҪֹͣ
ҶͻȻЩκ͸пǶֶѣûȵʱ
ʱ̵ֳ̫ˣԽ̰ĺöԸ֡û˵ĵڵһλȴҲһҪλãˣΪܵܣﲻ㣬δ̰Щ
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ζŽֳ׹ˣ͸Ǹ劏ֳӴҲֻԼ޷յġ
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ҶϷ粻֪Щ˵⻰ʱ첻ѣһʱ֮䶼Լĵܵܡ
Ǹ˵ĵܵܲᱻ˵˰ɣͬʱϸĵҶϷҲԼҵܵʹá硱ƺԽԽˣһʱζӿͷ
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ҶϷ绹û˵ĵ£ԼҵܵƽʱߵýʱӦúܲãҪ֮߰οʱƫҶϷҲЩܣȴԵܵƽͨʱ֪ôʱܵ˿أ
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㻹ǿЩʰܹЩûѩѩ·ܲߣѾҩѾûˡ
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ҶϷ磺ãչ˺ԼҾڳϦ֮ǰȻֻһ˲ͷһʼձ֮˲Ϊ˲ͷ嶯
Ҷ⣺ţҲҪչ˺Լ
ɣȻֳˣҶϷεˣУ֮£˸롣
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עֻɢؼ䣬Ϊʱܹ𰸵ǸѾ뿪ˡ
˺ҶһȴԼĲģκ֪Ϊĳϰʦ˼٣СԺ춼ĺܣʶһֱŲصμĵͷߣ۵õȥŵҹȥҽ
ˣ˰£ŽֻǾԶǰ
ҶϷһֱ˳ϦŻԹҹûоֱһ˯ڶ

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ҶϷһе㲻֪ϦϦıžžͣѩ׵ĵ϶˴ССѩѡ
һ涨𴲣ҲóҲˣʶһûһȥҶϷ磬һ˯緹ʱ䡣
ҶϷ紩ϴãҶŵƵĽꡣ
ֳãףֳµһһ˳ڷɣ̩ļƽ帣ţ˳Ǹգ˷ƣžͬģʮȫʮºͨǧ¼飬!
ҶϷ翴رЩʵģ̲סЩЦůģСӿᱳЩġ
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ҶϷ粻⣺кβһ
Ҷ⿴һۣۺʹһ𣬵˵岻һ
ҶϷ翴ʲʲôεЦЦûȴоǰ곤˺ܶ࣬ͬʱҲ˺ܶ࣬ǰཱུӤȥ٣˲١
ͻȻݣҲڼ±˶ࡣ
Ҷ۾ҶϷģؿ۾ôһθҿ˫ů۾
ҶϷ翴ֻǶԼȴʲôҲ˵΢΢šüǰһȦ
Ҷ⻹ûӦ֮ǰ巴ӦѾӣץסֻν֡
ҶϷųһ£û
ҶϷ磺ܺҪ췴Ľడ
Ҷ⼰ʱӦ޴˦ҶϷ֡
һ˦˦ҶϷ綼ˣôˣողǻڸôͷˡ
Ҷ֪£ҿҶϷϽͷҪһʲôɲܽºŪȥҲֳ֪ЩʲôûС
ھһĻϲˣÿ˼ҵʱ򣬶ᵣԼǲǾ仰Ǹ©й˼Ҳͼ
ΣʱǸӦҪġ
ֳԲҲǹģʲţʲΪһЩ񣬿ǰξûס˦ˣҲ㡣
ҶϷ翴ͷΨΨŵŵģһƽ
Ҷ⣬ԼΪʲôŶ̶̰ʱ䲻ǰôճĵܵ裬ﵽ׷ʲô
˵Ҷദʱȷʵ˺ܶ࣬ɳʱ۶æǼְ¾ͶʱдŻʱȤв˸ܵܣһĸϻ
ʵ벻ףΪСʱô׺ݶƤЦǸСΪʲôû˵أ³
ҶϷ糤̾˿
⣬ֳ㲻ˣĪҪһᾡĵģˡ
Ҷ𾪵̧ͷ˵⻰˼ֳǲҪ𣿡
ԭô죬ûľֳȸ˾ҶͻȻЦֳģˡ
ҶƽһԼڼֵܶ˸Լ¡
Ҷƽ֮󣬲ƽʣֳǾҪˣ
ҶϷ⻰ʱʡΪʲôͻȻ˵ֻЩ뿪谲ɣҲΪСӵԭٵ꣬ѲɱСӷˣ
Ǻ⣿ֳ㲻㡣ҶϷܹĳŵҲ֪ΪʲôҶ£Ҳ̫ûȫˣҶϷ綼벻ûаȫеԵʡ
Ҷ⻰ȴԼŪʲôʧǵصͷˣֳ
ҶϷ綼ˣ⸱ӵʲôഺڵ궼Բʣ
ȵȣ㵽ʲôҶϷ֪ٲԺ͵ܵܵĹϵֻԽԽԶ
ҶؿҵֳѪԵϵʶ㲻ңֳ˼ɣҲңǵֶᱻͬһҪңȥѰ劏
ҶϷɵصͷ⻰ûвԵĵطоֵֹġ
磬㻹ûԶɣóЩ֮࣬ͿԳԷˡҶͣ£ҶϷŵ˿Ʈһζζ
ҶϷҲ˲֮ǰ۵ûôͻȻͱɳԵˣ۾ʣм⣿
ҶֳΪƲסԼʱദĹǵģǿԽĲȥ
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ҶۣᡰšһǵĻ֤ʱ˿̣ȷʵǹġ
ҶϷ翴ڵЦݣȻЩʲôû£òЦÿɵһΣͻȻҲνСˡ
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ҶϷ½һ飬óһۣڻǱҰ೤˵ɡ
Ҷʱҧгݣ磬ţҶ᳤ñߡ
ҶϷνЦеصУұһ졣
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緹ʱһȥ밲⼸ǶҪԺԷ
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ҶϷ磺Ҫڼҹ꣬ҲҪ꣬ҲϽؼ̫ɡ
ɥһûҵİߣҾʲôԣ궼ûζ
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ˣֱˣУΪۻôʱĹ˱ҵģȥҺҪҵİ١
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ҪǱµÿҶϷһ۵ԭء
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ˣֱôڣȡȴżˣΪΥ
ҶϷ֪˻ó£ΪԼĶã˱Ǻ͹ѣĻ͵ϣ
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ҶϷȥΣÿοһߡ
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æýͷöʱš
ҶϷͷҲ̧ػһ䣺ֱܹŵ˳劏֮⣬˻ûȨ
ڰ˼Ҳţ˼ϲҶϷϰʹȴҲֹˣϾΪһɹˣҪԱΪ㴴ļֵԱһССļ˵İҲܸ˰ˡ
ߣҲûôԵܲҪ˲ϲʲôɣҲδ飬ҶϷΪԼһΪͨˣмȥ
劏ֱӵ⣬¥谲һԳ޹С㣬˵ǳˣҿӺĳ˼£ʶֱӽ˴ˣھ档
ҶϷ簴˰üͷͻȻоܲѹֽϾ͸оЩġ
ȥˡˣԳȥ
ҶϷ˵Щõİ첽߳䣬劏æһȥ
ӣӡ޹ҶϷŵ劏ֽ֮Ҫ˵ĻȥֻһɤӣҶϷͷƤ顣
劏Ծ˵Լȳȥ劏ǰŸߣͳҭҭСܵҶϷǰóⱻͰ͵ŷҶϷϡ
ӣ쿴ӡҳˣдţܼҲʱţżȴˣŵ֪ҳˣ빫ˡ
ȽһдСҶϷŷһֻֱдšĸ͡ĸ֡
ҶϷ⻰Ҳ˲ʲô겻ˣӶҶ⾹Ȼҳˣഺ̫˰ɣ
ŷⱻͰ͵ģŷ⣬Щֽ޳ϡ
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ҶϷ綼Цˣ⹷ƨͨţһʮСëʲôɻҪȥ׷ѰҸʲôҳߣ첻Ϸߡ
ҶϷԴðˣʲôһ˲ȥɢһ쬵ʶļʶøˣһǵӵĵģһȴǱҹŵġ
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תһ־òܣҲǷǸҹӵҲûжܱȣ˭ܽӣҲֻйصʱӲŻƲסƢ
ӣ˵ˣ˵Ǹг£ӿ׼Ҫˣ
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ҶϷϻʱһҲûб䣬Ȼϸ߹ǰվŵֻʯʨݡ
ҶϷֻ֪ǱҶҳߵϢӦûûж֪ϢӦѾʱܼѹˣڵء
ȻҶϷǰŸսţŹܼҾ͸ˡ
ӣӦβźã֮ǰķţֱǸϡүģд֮װϵĸϻľūʣŶ򿪿һ飬ȴûܷӵһϢǷ⣬Ҳ֪ȥ
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ҶϷѾ侲ˣָӵĶЩ
СС֪ഺڣҶϷȻԸţĵܾܵһҳ˵֮ˡ
ôҲųǶĿܡ
ϵּȷʵҶּΪּĵһģκ˶ģ²Ҷ⻹һֺܼᶨдģм͸¶ʹһЩĪȻһʱ
ҶϷ罫Ƿ۵ģڻã΢΢üֽǷó޹ԽǷŷ޹Уȴʲô˵
޹ﻹԼҹӶŵ̶ȣûҶϷķԸҲһõĵط
عӻСѾ쿴ˣӾֻ·Լƽʱ͵һЩĶڡ
ҶϷѾ֪¶ʲôźʣһԾҳߣҳʱʲôûǽ͵ĶˣҶϷ粻֪ԼǸأǸøˣ
ҶϷֿƽʱûʲôӣͻȻĿ֮˸ꡣ
ҶϷٴ´һӣͻȻʵܼң˶Ǯȥ
ҶϷ뿴ҶСȥ󡱶ãȥʱ״˶Ǯ
ܼȥҶС˽пһ飬ӣֻһǧӣһǲӵģҶҲһչԼģʶҲӦûжӣǡϹܼ˵˵ȥˣһʱݺᣬҶϷǰ޳
ҶϷıģˣӦȥ˶೤ʱ䣬ǮʡԼãҲʡ˶٣ǮˣԼͻԹԻģصġ
ܼ⻰еȪˮɴ࣬ɼ̾⻰һ롣
룬һϴôӣ᲻۲;ĺóԵĺģ߲˶ǮˣȻԼˡ
ܼһˣΪ˲ԼǰоΣҶϷΣ»Ҫĸģҵ˵ΪʣдĸǷһȥĸκ˲͸©䣬Υߣ𡣡
ҶȻѡַʽңǲ̫֪£ֱڳдСʮѾ˳ǣʱѳ޲Ҫ׷˿϶Ҫۣ֪ܲȷҵˣĿǰΪβǲҪġ
ҶϷҿ϶ֻҪ֪ҶΪҳߣܹҵϾǴСģҶϷҶ˽ⲢҶ˽١
ҶϷֽһЩʻжҶӦǽϳ緹뿪ġ
޹һҶ֮ˣʱظΪҶϷȡҶһ·߹һҹʲô
޹Ȼʵʵ˵˵ڽ劏ˡ
ҶҲû˵ʲôһ䣺֪ˡͷҲصˡ
ҶϷô˵ҲûзʲôܹӴҶ˶һ飬ȴûһóκοƶҶҳߵԭ
ϰʦΪҶһһεϢգϢȥϰ䳡ϰ䡣
Ҷϵʱճȥϰ䳡ûϰʦڣҲԼԼģ֮󣬸֮˲Ҳûм
ҶϷԼø棬СϵʱֵøƽʱûʲôʱҲԼĵطĳˡ
ҶϷһ߰ԼʧְһЩ
ΪֲһźΪѾܵչ˺Ҷˣȴܵܳʲô¶֪ûʱ쳣
ҲԣӦ˵ˣȴûйڷϣ֪ĵ¿ܶӰܴ󣬻ôؼʱȥϡ
һ̣糱ˮҶϷӿҲʶˣԭصץסݰνҵɣҲҶһָͷҪ
ҶϷֻĬĬǰ㣬ҶôǮ߲˶Զò˶þͻˡ
ҶϷ˵ʱ䶼ûУ¶źãٴμȥ¥ֻǴ˴ȴȥЩİģð¥æˡ
ȻܳеˣֺЩ˳֣¥׷̽ϢıɲС⼸Խ׳γһɾ޴
ֻϧҶϷİ¥ùʹİҶĹǻʵİԽ̵ģʱϰʦҲǻʵһ֮ˡ
Ҷ佫ϣ˻ر飬ʹЩ첻˵ѧʮʮ˵Ҳѧ˰˳ɣ׷뷴׷ٵı±ҶϷ簵¥ĿǰЩβǿ˲֪٣ð¥ҵ
οҶϷûж¥ĴڣҲȥ¥ΣҪܿ¥׷ʵ̫ס
ҶϷ粢֪ʵۿʵȻµʵʱҶҶʦѧ䣬ȴζû뵽ʵۻҶЩɡ
һĻʵۣͲܻԼֶôһ£ӻˡ



ȥҶϷ籾Ϊ಻ҵˣȴ궼ûҵ
ܰ¥Ѿö̶ʮʱ䣬в׳󣬳ΪϢ֯ȴȻûҶȷϢ˼ҲƵġ
ôʱ䣬ҶⲻκϵҲκ˿ÿЩ׽ӰϢҶϷ˳ظȥȴûаҶӰӣһδҲʧϣ
Ҷʸտʼ˵Ҷҳʱʵ۽һ顣
Ȼһ黹ǰв̽ȴȻûκϢһ࣬ΪûϢҶ뿪˾ǣֻǰȥɽˮȴɽˮҶӡ
ҶʵûôģҶźҶľûôǿˡ
ҲΪ̬ȣĹϵ׾ˣҶûĸӣһֱҶϷĸҶʾֱҲңҶϷԴҲ໥ƽ
ҶϷĹϵΪҶ뿪ʱĻͣҶϷȴ⣬Ҷ뿪֮Ҳסˡ
˵ֻһϤİˣҶĵܵܣᲢۣ˵һİ˵ĺƽദܵܵĲ֪
ԼҪʲôҶϷʱû뿪ѾҶ̹ˣҲ֪˵࣬һֱѯʿǴ֪Щʲô֪Щ飬˭Щʲô
ҶϷ󾭲סҶʵƤؽûĸ׸ˣ㻻һ찲ʱ䣬Ϊʹͣˣڶֱʣ֪ĸںδ
ҶϷѾ֪˸ĸ֮ķҲˬظһ飬һĽҶϷҲϣܹн

գеߴߴؽиͣʳϷԶ֪ҲУּ΢Ҷɳɳ
һжȻгȴͻȻ䴳һгϸϸԱǽײԽԽֹּͣˣΨ΢绹촵һɳɳ
̧ͷϸϿͻῴԶһïŨĴϣһɫϵ֦Ѿϡ
һӺƴȻĵ̵İıӻ£ӳ׽һ͸žӨ͸Ȼȴо߲ʣҲ룬ֻ˸оȻ׽һ˫üº͵Щ䣬ͦıԾ
ֻǼ˯У˵ĴҲһߣЩº޺ЩƣȴֲӰ˵øо
㿴ʱؾͻʣ֪˫۾ʱǺַɡ
ƺԽԽĴҲӰ첻˯ߣ۾Ȼţֱ棬ȻɽȻԵõϣ˯ˡ
Ϊ˯ϸֲᷢˣ۾ŲֶѾȫעѱڴտʼʱľͼ
ҶϷۣ滹ڽеݱƴɱѾһɵȻѪĵƮҲֻ˹شӻͳһ鴿ɫſڱǣϱ˿䡣
һȺ׷ɱһһӣ˻ӣȻǰ˴ԿжʮˣΪ׵һ˶˺ܶ࣬ѾЩǳһ˿ڡ
궯ƮɣƣȴǱȻƮȻɣʣɾո轣ɱˣڽһʾ׵轣ݡ
ΪһֱֱϻĺɫֶȾһĨ۵ʺ죬ֶһĨ
Ĭ¿ǵȲԮˣˣһռδ֮ϣܳ£˻ͻΧ
ӾؿĬ϶ɴؽһˣ֪ʱ˿̵ѾЩˣ㲻ݷ˵ػĬΧȦߡ
Ĭ̲޳ɵ常ռ֮ռȱ˭ȱ常ֻ常ȥˣռҲܼԷչ
ӳĬŲشĻĬΪ常ڿǣϵĶȴΪضزλһѪ˲ӿ
ҲʱԱߵͻȻһ˺˵ƴɱһ·ҪذΧ³һ·Ĭͳȥ
ǶԷ̫࣬߸ողŵһˣѾ֧穣ڼͻΧʱֱѾӦĺѸΧ
ۿˣ˳ĬȵϽߣɽڣûա
ĬһȻӵΪˣ常һӽԺĺΰ
ӴĲֻҪռҰãǶ常õĻرҲ常Ը룬񲻹ǽϡ
Ĭ⻰Ҳҷֻ۾죬Ϻ޲ֱӽȺͨͨɱ⣬һʱ俴Щħֻøƴɱˣ常
ҶϷϿһףǾôˣ֧޷ʵͻΧٴȥҲȫûĬȻ޷ͻΧ
ҶϷɾеĳϮЩˡ
ĬͻȻֵӣֻж磬òů϶ɴ䣬Щ
ĬЩ죬ô˸Χ˵ĴڣǰȴͻȻҲ˵һֱ档
ҶϷļ룬Щ˽ЩвЩѾ˺ܾãѾĬһ͸֧òˣĬһ˱ȵĲ
ĬͻȻһҶϷ磬ҶϷʮεɱ飬սϵľ潥Ĭߡ
ʱ䣬Щȫɱˣ˺ĬһѾƣߣ϶ڷҶϷһһɾؽ󼸸ˡ
ҶϷ罫һ£ȴûнɱж˵°ͷֹɱ㽫˽Ĭߵӡ
ʱĬ˾ֻʣųصǸ˴һȥˡ
ҶϷ繪λյǰ˰ɣҶ֮ǰ
ܹһǰˣĿǰҲֻϣĵ¸صǫһˣǿ£ϽȫѧҸѧƷмߣҶϷʵ벻ͨһΪλ⵽׷ɱ
֣صҶϷһԭǺӣлӶԼֶԼľ֮ڴл
ĬҲһҶϷ֣صлӿȣһм
ҶϷЩûţϽܿæһˣ¸أ֮ǰ֮ζʹЩСƢδܼʱʩȣʹܾˣ¡
ûбܿĬе񣬵Ҳͬ˶Էһ񣬵ռ֮
һЩŰִ˿ȴҡҡͷЦˣ۹֮ǰԵʶʩԮǹӵɣҹǹǾһȴǲʵ̸ֺ¡
໥Ĭ֪常ΪŻԺ˴ĬϽȤ常˵ļǣҶӵľ֮Ϊ֪Ҷ¿££常ҪȥĮǲμӽݻᣬҿҲȥĮǵķǰֻŹЩȤ¶һһֱԹȴһֱüˣ˹ӵľ֮;пԺдһӲ
˵⣬Ĭ뵽ʲôݻвٺ飬ƽʱѵһģǰʱĴ޼ǡô˴ݻ˴һģ常Ϊһݻῴʱ䡣
ҶϷͻȻһ£ջ̫ˣʱûбŽʲôĿģֻǵؾһ־ԶӦþʹ˳ڴˡ
ΪݣһԸ񣬳ͻȻ뵽ҪҵҶ⣬Ȼˣº»һط˯ˣҲ˶ͼʲôڻȺô
˴εĿıݻᣬոջҪݻ죬˴εˡ
ҶϷ繪ˣ߶ռˡ
Ĭ΢ЦӿܹͬУһ֮Ҳ
˵𾢣࿴ĵͶ㲻˵ˣȥǱ߿սʰҵطȴ
ЦӦһĿȥ

ݻ

ҶϷ˴ĮǣҪΪ¥ߵİ̽Ϣ˵ҶһЩϢҴ˴δϢ˴š޼˴ݻᶨĮǣʶҶϷ绹ǾԹ
˴Ҳǰ˶飬Ҳ£Գû޼
ҶϷѾû¥ˣҶ뿪֮ڣ¥񽥽ӵУڰϰ¥¥ҶϷҡһ䣬Ϊ˽һĺӡ
ҶϷҶ֮ݳ뽭ʱС˼£㱻˴˺ӵĳƺš
ҶϷĬһ죬ߵĮǡ
ǽʱѾˣ⼸Ϊݻľٰ죬ʱĿջѾס˿ˣҪҵһЪϢĿջ˵ǱȽѵġ
µĸǲҪҿջǻûʱѾ˽һаźãҶϷľˣЩĳȥ
Ǹ׼ĵطһĽСԺӣ徲£ҶϷԾ˵ֵõһӡ
ڶһҶϷ𴲣ϵ¥ߵĸˡ
˿һҶϷṩĻϵҶ֮ˣֻʱҶѾʧ꣬˼뻭ϵҲ
ҶϷҵṩϢˣϸѯһֵ˼ܾܿҶʱʱҶֻһˣһ𲻼Ҷû˿
ҶϷϢɵ©һģϧǣҲ֪Ҷȥ
һ̽ȴȻһֻȷ˾Ҷ⣬֪Ҷ˴ҶϷҲûеõõϢ
ȻûеõϢҶϷηˣֻҪ˻úõģһὫҵġ
ǰһֱԸϣ붼룬ҶôʱûһϢΪѾ⣬ÿ뵽˴˵ظԼǿôܳ£ʵÿοԼһΣľ³һΣԼ֪ڶô׾ӡ
Ҷ֮ʱʮ꣬ôСһӣǰڼҶǽʳŵģͻȻһӳȥһȥأôȫοԼʱֻܸԼСӵֵǺܲģֳĸ˲֪١
һ˵翵ĶҶϷԼ֪һô׾ӵĻԡ
ҶϷˣҶǰΪһʱϰڷܣСӿѾƻҳߵ£ĴģǶʱպһֱûзҶĲԾ
ʱһζת۾͵ݻʽʼʱ䡣
ݻǶоеһᣬÿһΣÿεص㲻̶ֱͬĳоУҲ˼ϲһμᡣ
ݻʱ¸صǺ˻߲ŻߣȴûʦˣʱͼܿԵõЩʶΪӡ
ȻЩҶϷעģֻΪݻỹ֮͵ĵأҶϷȻҲǱЩĵȥģȻҪĻΪˡ޼
ݻ̶ֳȷǱѰңûʸҶϷڽϵĵλѾܸˣȴȻܽ˽ݾܹ棬ûĿǰֻ졣
ҶϷʰҲûʲôҪģ˶ʰˣҲֻڵĬʰһȥ
ǰѾ˽ˡ
ĬʱͿҶϷһССİӦҲֻһЩճƷʲôûС
Ĭֵ֮Ǿ֮ǰ׼·ƷĶһЩȻݻҲṩЩճƷȴûԼĺãΪ׼һЩĳߴҲˣʱ͹ɡ
ҶϷҲͬŻҡͷһ˷ģ߽ϰ˿ϱŸоܣȻݻѾ׼һӦƷҲ׼ǰ·ϸոպãݻǱѾ׼ˣֻЩѰƷˣΪ׼ˣǻǿЩ̣Ѿڵˡ
Ĭ˵ٿ˿İȷʵװ·ӣӦֻһЩƽʱõСƷ²Ӧ鷳ҲûмٸҶϷ׼·
ݻʱѾкܶˣʱ໥ϤʶĶȥ˵仰ûйຮѣ֮͸ԻصԼλϣݻʽʼ
ݻһѾ˰ʷʢᣬģӴ󣬹Ҳ࣬ݻľٰصһ¥Ϊ¥Ϊݻ¥
ݻڼ䣬κ˲̤¥ҲԼһЩϲ鼮֮뷽跨ȴͲסӶݻ˴ݻỹ˵صľά
ݻῪʼѧ̩¬˵
ҶϷ粻̫ۣһ󿿵λĬԭҪ常ԱߵģҶϷһţҲȥˡ
ҶϷúΣĬ̫ʵˣģһеӣһѹӣֻƮƮɵˣº֮УҶϷ绹󲻳ιôһġ
ʱʱＸ䣬̨¬˵Ļ
ҶϷ翴ΧһȺˣо۾յ˺Щ˳ĺ룬˵ʱϰԵӣװһĪģ
ҶϷʾȫ⣬Ϊκö˶˵һƫҪôѿĺӣһô˶ˣЩ˶ʲô
ﲻ̰ͣҶϷԼôö࿴Щ飬Ҫ۾ôĺӴһܡ
ǰȻҲ֪Щʶ֮ʿ֮䶼С룬ûмôһʮ˺룬˶˲٣Ŀ֮Ǻӡ
ֻʮʮ겻ȴӲ˳ĺ룬˵ʱҲϰԵӣȴѾʮˣһΪǡࡱԳƣҶϷҲ֪ʲôַס
ѾʮˣҶϷۻǲܳںϣܶʱҲͬϲøͬ
ݻϣ¬û˵ܾã˵ݻĿ֮˸𽫹ǰ˵һ顣
ˣһʱ˵ˣҶϷ粻ɵɿĬ˵һ뿪ȥ͸͸

ȫ

Įǵ壬΢дһɳ˼ڳҲôϿֹ֣ڱϸɳ
ʱĮǵãưףнɽƣߵʹ䣬仯سΣӸ£ɶ䣬Ⱥḻɫͳһ
ҶϷһһߣƵĳ籦ʯ˼䣬Ĳ迨κﰲҹС޴Ů׾ٵκˡ
⻹ĮôãһؿһС
ڻɳ֮Уɳ죬ɾʱ㻹ǻᱻסԵ޷԰Ρ
ҶϷѵõʱ֮ʱԶһʮ˾Σںߵʯϣһ½ĳеøӂcֱͦ°΢΢ʹһ˫ĵ΢΢𣬺ǺӲõ財
ʱޱǰػ㱨˰ͦ޳ģСɫ΢ƫ׵ĽɫüͦıȴĴԼһ˫ڵʱһĨںͺ
ȥָϸŶԷһһҾͲǻҵƤ¸ʲôС
˹ӦǣСˣʱֻʣ˺ӡ
ԭҪ͸͸ҲûˣһٴҲûʲô˼תҶϷһȥ
ҶϷ粢֪ӵĴڣ֪ԷģֱܵҶķŴ棬ֻʱСʱҶкܴ˵֮⣬ǸûκҶСʱĺۼ
껹û߶Զһӡ
ɫĺĸߴΰͷҹ̶סһŹڿʱЦеȫȻ￴羰û뵽ңҪ˸˵ˣһΪǺǸĻȥˣһ춼Ҳˡ
һȭļϣЦҲֻʣЩˣﻹ㣬¿ı㲻Ƿ羰źӺòײھӪĵطڶ㻹㻹ҽһ𿴷羰
ӽйطɣĻֱӽֹļϣȻûнոĻϣںæ췴ֵɾͲˣϹȻŴһҲǶͷ羰ģȻҲǴ˵ķʽ͡
˵գٺٺЦͣ
ؽˤȥ˵ֳˣҪԼȥһСӷȥɱϣӾء
˴֣һͿӰˡ
ҶϷ绹õͷ羰֪ǱߵߣҲ֪Լ״ʲô
ֻһ͸оˣ֮źһʱҲ͹ȥһʱңʱҲˣҶԼһ˳ȥһ٣˵ܲ
ҶϷһҿջԷʱǳԷʱ򣬴ںŵƣ㼸¾Ʋˣ̸Լļš
ҶϷһλСܿ˲ˣŴ˷ϢҲԵýζ
˵˴ݻᾹȻ뵽˳ɽǿǳȫһֱĮǵĴӢۣ֪˴ݻ˭ܹôӣɽ򡣡
ҿ˵ˣ¬ȥĳɽҿ˵ɽǽһÿ쵼սܹȫʤ˴ϼȥǳɽƢȴҲֵúܣ˵˴̽ʲôмһˡ
ǣ˼ڱϣҿ˵ˣ¬ҪŮ޸ɽ˵ˣ߽δΪң;ܾ¬Сô˶
ҶϷߵʱЩϢﲻɵЩ̣λҲ̫Ц˰ɣȫͺܼٵһ֡
ģҶϷֻһûзϡ
ȻҶϷ뷨᲻ı䣬Ҳֻ֮پ䣬Ƕλȫеˡ
տʼʱ;ܹλȫӢ¼̸۵ĶλӢսǴñ̫֮࣬ҪлᣬҶϷ绹ͦһλõ˶˳޵Ľʲôġ
ҶϷɲ֪ҲûԵּλȫ
صݻʱҲкܶ˸մŽ󣬾ͻÿ˷ԺӣҲͲٳȥˣʶʱܶ˶ѡȥһֱÿ뿪ʱ䡣
ݻÿܹʱ䶼һΪ޵ģΪ޵ģһΪ޵ģ֮ǰҶϷľֻܹ죬Եʣܹһ¡
մʱ䲻ͬͬʱ˽ᱻֵͬһԺӡ
һԺӿסĸˣɳǩĸ˹ͬסһԺ
ҶϷ֮󣬺ɲɵط֣ȻĬ鵽һԺӣ˽ᵽԺҲٿ˭һԺˣȥԺӴãú˿ס
˽֮Ҳˣ໥
Уһ˿ģһ˫۾ǲؿˣ˿˾øקøƵģ߸ıǿ׺޲ܳԽ
һ˽жңգе壬ܸ߰ģֲʢ˵ģǶɵӣһ˴ģ˵ӲĨǣֱֱȥø˴һ٣֮Ҳһˡ
ѣҶϷͻȻҪԺӣԺҪദһµʱ䣬һ֪᲻ڣǰһǻһ뵽ˣҶϷоͷƤ顣
ĬüģΪôˣԹĵ֮岻ҿɫ̫ãҪȥϢ
Ҳ̧ͷҶϷһۣޱӦֻ鲻ôӶᣬһʱ֮䲢£֮ǰɫͦģʱűģӦǲϲ˭Եʰɡ
ҶϷ磺
ĬһҶϷ磬ҶϷһһСӵı飬ĬͻȻѺƺܺ棬ǿŶҵ۾һ˲䡣
ΨԽɫڣصʲô˼ҪҴһܵ˼
תؿ´һ۳ԽһҾӹڱ꣬Ҫģҵ˼˼ǰɣҾҵ˼Ѿúˣκ˹ͨ͡
Խѽӡ

è

Խ˵⻰⣬ȻҾŹ㡣
⻰һϵһԽֱԽ޿̣Ѿûջߣǡıš
ҶϷùЩëƤС£Ҳֵÿ֡
Ĭ˿ҪˣϽԼһԲϾʹ
飬б¸˵Ǻ⡣Խܲ˵ţ˵žҪǰҪ˺˶ҵģ
һһ̱ޱؿ⹦Уαݻȡ裬˼򵥵һ仰ףҲ֪飬Ѱ֮ҵĺӶף֪νģװ˷ݻһ
Ĭ˵⻰Ͻס죬̫ˣԣִ̫ˣκδʱѾˡ
Խ³ױգ۾ŽңĬֿŶҶˣĬ̲סһ
ֻϧɵ̫ˣ⳯ԽҲǻЩģһвɣһнȴǰҲԽϮʱûü㡣
߳ԽӶϮٸҸү˵һ飬ʲôҸү˵֮ˣ㻹ǵһүҪ㳢ǵүĺ
˵ҧгݵ˱ռ֮£ϣĪҪ¡
Ĭ˫ֽ§סҵѲɻҪųԽɱ
ȻҲǸưոݵޱԭȵҸ߿ˣ˴³֮ҵǵһο治֪ݻĺ˾ܽˣȷʵǶ㿴Ƕҿ㵱ȷʵ˶㾹˼ԼǶҲֱ档
ԽֻˣƤӵˣ㲻úҽնҪж˿顣԰չƸͣϵĶӿ첻١
һ̱۾ضųԽȻҲǶŭˣ˼ȣڲԣҶȥ
Ĭм䣬ǣܲȥסҵɣס˶ҵҲ²סԽ죬÷Խ򵽶ңһڲҪĬס֣ȻҲǱòᣬȻҪ볯ԽӲӲ
ĬϽ§˵𶯡漴ִһԽĹ
ͻȻͳŪһûлع
ĬоˣŸо
Ժ켦ɹģ治Ҫζȹһ£Ͼѧϰģ˴ܶģӣĬ͸оûͷ
ԽҲҸոǾ仰ǵ࣬һ˿˼ɶȥÿһ¶֣еĳÿһ£ɱʮ㡣
Ĭм಻ԣԽֻ˻ŶңĬֻŶҵͽĬѾ޹ҶϷҵͬԼĳС
ͬʱԽҲίѣΪʲôͬʱĬҶϷʶΪʲô޷˵ذң뵽ˣԽеĽֺ˼֡
ĬۼʱˣҶϷ绹վһµؿϷæ֮ĪٿϷˣʵǳԲ˴ȥԺӶᱻ׻ˡ
ҶϷĬԼʱѾٶˣֻ÷سְֹⳡ־硣
Խֻоһ̻ͻȻܶſǸİ¹ǰƮƮؿһۣںҲ
ûбѨȴоɤ﷢ˣԽ˵ԽԽơ
ҶϷ˿ƣ˰ǵһС£Խȴ˶񶾵˲ú
Ҫ֪˶ϣԼΪҡܹʲôʱͻǸʱ򣬸ʱһҸ
˵֮ǰĬԳԽ⣬ʱԽѾĬ˻Ϊ˱Զ֮ˣóԽխӣ֮Ϊ顣
ҶϷ翴һԹĳԽЦһƽۻ˰㣬˻ЦֱôܳĶŵϡ
Ҳô֣һҪסˣĪҪ˴ҵԺĶǴҹвƲһ˶УȨ𻵣Щǿ֢ϲ֮һţ˲Сʹҷ˲´α㲻Ǽ򵥵صѨô򵥡
˵գҶϷ͸Խ⿪ѨҲȥԷ׵ɫ
Խ˳ĻȴΪθоڷҿһۣǲصҶϷ硣
ⳡ־ҶϷǿмĬ˿
ҶϷ粻֪ⳡ־տʼûãСԺǵһһ˶
˳ʱľϲȫûΣ˫۾޲ܽҶϷ翴ʹҶϷϣһ̶Ըſ
˫۾ŵ˼ִ֣ǿҵҪҲҶϷռΪеͻȻ֮ͣҪҶϷǰûȵߣǸ˵֮⻹бˡ
֮ǰҶϷһСξͺ߾ɫλȫҲҶϷô궼ûҵҶ⡣
Ҷⲻ֪ݴ˿Լ飬ôԼȥǣǸ˴Լǿа룬ǲԼԵ˼ҪѾ֮ˣ˶ԣǵܵܰˡ
أֻϣܹеĸĥִܹһµ̬ȥֳٴڼҲ֪ԼһǷӶʲô˺ֳƻֳĹϵ
ÿδ޹ֳλ劏ʱгԽԽǿҵļʺ֮⣬޾ʹֻ࣬ҪֳֻһˣҪֳκ˿
뷨Ҳֻˣ˵ʱǷǸУҲ򲻻ǰ
ԼĥԼ࣬ҶǾӲĵĽ飬ѡ뿪˾룬˵ʱ䳤ˣҲˣǸҸʹֳ
ʱǰƻҪȥʲôСϣܹԼԼļҹ·ϵһʱ䣬ȷᱻҵ֮ȥӪһССı䣬һƷʱ䡣
տʼʱÿδǳǰ档
ǰĮǱ߽ǺܰȣʱҪ̣ÿδ̣ҪǸˣܿΪǧ򳤡
ÿһεǻһֽѣʱԽʲôԽԶÿδ̻һˣȴûһľʹҪ
ˣүȥ˲ϧԼҪջȥ
һսУһβҪɱУͬ鶼ľ˹˼ɲѣ󱻵оҾ֮һģ͵Ѫ֮С
һ̣Ÿоԭֻ֮֮ʱоĲǽѣŨŨĲʡ
ʹϲֳȴʲôûõǸŮʲôû͵õֳеİ⻹δ˵ھҪ뿪磻ʮ꣬Ҫ˵ټʣҲǸ˼ҹ֮ˡ
̫֮࣬һ̣ˣӦǷȥģֻܻģֳģκ˶ߡ
ƾǿϵоһλûһ룬˹սʤԼ
֮ƾǿܵսԲ֣Ʒ콫λá
Щ꣬ҶⶼǿԼҪȥǸ˵һУֻԼһ޼ҿɹ֮ˣÿα˸߲ҵдŻؼңƽʱһĴүǸ޿˵˼֮֮ʱҲֻԹۣνЦЦԼӵ˳ܹվߵʸ֮ʱұҸ֮ˡ
룬֮ǷǷѾףֻ֪˾ֶܿ飬ȻⱲӽҲûлˣҲЩǷ
ÿҶϷ֮ʱҶܻһ£Ǿдʫ
Щɬѵƴӳһʫ䣬˼ʱƽʱʫϣܹһЩ˼˼ž˵ľƣԽԽŨ嶼װЩ˼
Щ˼ûûǣֻнϲ֮ʫʷһ𣬷ŸоЩ˼ȥһ
ݻϳǸΣȴֱ֮ЫġҶ֮ʱӶˣһƬϣֻһֳ֮ͬˣϣǸ֮ˡ
˵ףƭԼǱŽǼ˵Ļãһ۾ףﻹǴһ˿ϣϣ˾ˡ
ڴϤİʱüۼ仹񣬺Ͱף۵׵ˣüǲԾؼн
£һΣˣǸֲˡ
Ϊ˼̫ŨΪѾܿƣȴǱҶϷһЩ
׼ȷ˵ҶϷЩʱ͸ܵˣֻĿⲢûо⣬ʶҶϷҲûй⣬ȻĿԽԽȣҶϷӶѡ
ҶϷú֣ĿǰĹ⽭ϣڰܹ֮˲ûУЩҲûбҪڰƤһء
ҪǣҶϷоõߴķȴ˿оǸκˡ
ȵĿĲҲֻһ˲䣬ܿǵĿⶼܲˡ
ҶϷܿͽ֮ԺΪﻹʰļһ
ɴˣҶϷһµСԺͿʼˡ
ԴӵһҺͳԽû۳ɹ֮һ׼ȷ˵ӦǳԽÿҲ꣬ÿζһظ
ȻóԽϽ͡
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ϲϺʣϺĿǺѰһζҳϺˣð˺ѪɶҺϺгƵģ˻ҪִųϺҲϵ˿ڣѪ۾ðؿеϺ
ĬʵڿȥˣֻԸǣտʼҰӣĬĬһ䡰Ȼˣˣϵ˿ں˺ٳԡ
һһ£˵䷴ĻɿĬŶŵĿ¶ɵļᶨֻ֮˻ûڵĻͷǾ鷳մˡ
ĬԹԾͷϵɫȥϸˣϵ˻ûк֮ǰҪϺҸǡ
̱ͷˣԺ󣬾鷳մˡ
Ĭº͵Ц£⼸˿ڶҪˮкҲǵҪңΪСˮ˿ڷףҪöܳϺˡ
һĳϺ˵ҼܵľǲܳϺĥ˺֣صصͷմģһˮģʱͰմˡ
ҶϷ翴ſţ;ֵֹģ˵֡
ֹ֮֮ԽԽأҶϷ翴˵ദ֮һֵݵԾ
ɿ˼ȻذϺιϺ͹ԹԵȴͶιĶҶϷַ˼ǷԼ̫ˡ
һϣҶϷײĬʲô䱦ƵģСظֻ̱û˵ʱֹ֮дﵽ߷塣
ô˽֮˾Ȼû۵ز֡
ҶϷ֪ʱеĹдӺζ˵ദģʽ̫ˣⲻеŮŮŻеֻеģʶһʱû뵽ֿܡ
ҶϷ翪ʼػԼ̣Ǵ˺̶ֳȣôöû֮è壿
֪дӺζȥˣԽԽ⣬ֻ˺ƶûԼ⡣
ҶϷͻȻЩ뿴Ϸˣ˵Ϸһʮ㡣
һ£һѹһ̱һĳ棬ҶϷԼھͿЦˡ

׷ɱ¥¥

һµݻʱܿͽҺͳԽ׽˳˼治䳰ȷǵ
ĬҪԷԽĴ˶ҵԵʣͶһֱӰ룬ÿγϺѾܹĬһ˰һ˳Ϻĳ̶ˣһȻûС
ݻ͵ӣҶϷֱӾĮĬ˷ֿˡ
ӵϢһɱ°ɱ¥¥⣬ʱҸֶȥɱ
ΪһϸĴҶϷãǺбҪȥһ°ǻûбɱ
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뾩಻ԶҶϷ統ʱѡ˺ܶطΪܲѡص㣬Ǿܲ
ʱİȴûǣ뽭һɱǶ£òɿ
СһɱʵѽĶ׷ɱô˻ûнҸɱ˵˴οĪҪ顣
ŵú޲ȫ˶֪ڴܣһſɰ̡
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ЩʵǽһУ಻ݡ
üˣƤӻˣƤӵ
ԭΪ˴ȻѣҲǲܹɣϾ¥⼸귢չѸ٣Ī⣬ʵѲ⣬ֻ֪ôһ鱨֯ȴ֪˭ģ֪֮֮١
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ϵĶԽԽף֪Լǵˣٲ죬Ĺ򣬿ºѴӳȥ
ףʵĹĻҪһЩֻΪԼЩСʶһδδѣ浶ǹرȣȴǲȵġ
ӷɿתҪҳһܹķӣһʱ֮ȴ벻ʲôܹ
ھĲУܿͼѪɱڵĽ£ĸ첲˳һӣ治ðѪ
ֱϵ˿һʱ仹Щˣ˷ûнȫͶ룬ԴʱȻ顣
ԽԽϵĶɵּӿ˲٣øջعİûüϼɤӾȫעӦս
ܵԽԽ࣬ԽԽأ֪ٲæĻᱻɱ
ſɰǽ˰ɣԼСҪ˭Ҳû涨¥аɣ
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ҶϷ翴ʱƽʱɫһѹӵİһһѪˣ߽ϻûüѪȾ½ǣǿܹóһɫ·
ʱҪڴϡ
ӦʧѪԵʣɫף촽ƱǿĨϡƵģҰײҰ׵ġ
ѾϽȥȥˡ
ҶϷ磬۾˲䶼ǻˡ漴뵽ʲôΪһֱôⰵ¥ɾҵˡ
ҶϷһۣ˵ˣһΪʱҲûжˣƤӵǻͦġ
ǵȻСүӲأգСʲôӺɷҺ˲ɡ
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⻰ݺݵҶϷһۣҧгݵҶ֮ĹεģСүΪ㰤ûе㰲οʾˣ˵Ļڣĺڣ
ҶϷ񾭲ַˡ
ȥĻûʡˡҶϷ˵վ̤ţ׼ȥûС
죺Ǹ֮˵ЦģҿҪˣһ¡ڶۣ¥¾鷳ˡ
ҶϷҲŻṳ̂ţͱżææعˡ
һ֪˿ֻǿأʵһܹҶϷ糹׷ˣûܲĴ㣬бĴ㡣

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յĳոλεչббͷϡ
ҶϷһ·ֱǣҶϷŵĲŷΨְһ벻
ʵ֤еûмǿŲĳ̶ȡ
ҶϷȥĸľȥʱѾܾûȥĸף˻ȻȥϾҲһ֮ˡ
ľڳ֮УһֱΪҶɱɷΪֿҶʽɷ壬ٻ
Ϊ˱ƼŻ𣬲ΪҶӭȢʵ̫㺦
֮ҶϷǱߵ˾ʱҶϷةȻˣȴûбЩҲֻѪЩûѪ֮ˣƵʱЩ˲ûй⣬ʶľһЩ궼ڰгﻮˡ
ľҪԼĶӲļƻ֮УҶϷϿǻ˲ٹ򣬲ľӡ
ʱҶϷҲ򵥣ֻϣԭĸܹԼĳ˭ҶȻɱԭĸףʱԭĸ׵ʱҶʱѾܣãҶɱԼʶ¸Ҷûκιϵϣľ޴ˡ
Щ꣬ľĿг˶ӾгˣǰܽԸΨֱ˷ҶϷѪ߾ͳΨһ顣
ҶϷݣ뿪ֻҪ˶þͻᱻ˷֣ΪҶϷİȫľܹľ˼֮ʹ֤ӵİȫ
뿪󣬾˹ȥбҶϷ磬ڻ㱨ҶϷ˼ûҶϷɳ鷿ҶϷĻ͸Ȥ¡
ҶϷ·ϣһ·ȫĹ£ö䶼ˣߵĿĵء
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Ů˼ϲү˴ʱ鷿ūȥ֪ˣ÷˹үȥЩš
ҶϷˣ鷳ˡ
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ǰһֱҴھǵһУͻȻֳ׵Ϣ꣬Ȼ򣬲ŷǰԼ޴Ȼ׵ؽİ֮˹á
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Ҷǽ£ʮĳУǸһ㡣ҶͻȻͲǳأҪǲ硣
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ҶڨڨЦʲ˵ﻰߵGǻʲҡ
ʱĻʲѾûӡô׳޷Ѿ߰׵ͷɫҲǰ˲٣ûǰǰ㾫䡣
ҶͻȻоЩûʲۻʲΣȴͷεغãÿһһʵ۸еӣǼ򵥵ĳҪʲôΪѣʲҲӲġ
أΪԼ˽飬óƽ׵ꡣ
ҶͻȻ£ͷԲ𣬻ʲ
ʵۼͻȻ£Ҳû˼ֻǾؿһŻɡ
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ʵһֱؿҶ⣬Ҳ˵ͷŵѹڿУҶ治ɫؾվţ֪ĿŸոտʼ
˵ȻˣȡһɾͰգ
ʵ۵۾Ҷ⣬ľ˺ܶ࣬ǰҶԲܿסʵ۵ѹɴʱҶѾִˣʵ۵ѹ˵ʲô
Ҷװֻǿסʵ۵ѹͷûʵۿǿӡ
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ҶϷʱѾ˶ӣһϵ·͸оЩˣսʱ˵λȫؾְ¶
ҶϷλеģϾλʱ춼ߴڣݻһ¶ûܸλӰ죬Щ˸޲ڡ
ҶϷǺ뿴λкͷۣܹԶʢ¬Ҫһĺã̫ˣһ·䶼λӢ¼
ͺñ߶һδİˣտʼܶΪ⣬ɱ߶ʱ䳤ˣܻ˲һĺġ
ʱͻȻӿ죬һȥ
ҶϷ룬Ӧλȫˡ
ҶϷ۾ҲɵøſȥʲôҲû
ʱ۷׷ס
ǿ֪Ϊδ˴ӭλСûԳӭӣ
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һǰ˵ĻϽشչǶ֪ԭɣҿ˵ˣһǽһұҵݸմӳϴϢ
˵ﻹ˸ӣ⿴һȺǿҵְòģ
Ա˲ˣϽߴٵλ֣ʲôϢϽһ˵˵ôһҲųʶ
ǰҼҾûڳϣҪеĻӦҲ֪Ϣˡ
ǰҼҲûУЩ˵˵
ۿ׬Ľ۹⣬ֵؿڣҼݿ˵ˣλСʵλӡ
漴Ⱥ͡СһȻ仰
̼ˣ˵ģʱ˵ҪȥӭһƷ콫ʱ򣬿д󳼶ˣǻ˵ˣ谲ӣҲ֪ж谮λӣЩ֪ӣﻹ˻ӭһʮСһĻ
Ⱥ˽ȻЩ˵ĻҲкܶࡣ
һ˵Щ
һŮǲмص˵Щˣѵû˵ǰͳȥʦѧôܻλС˵ˣС˼ҿյģһܺгȫ
ЩǺܲмرȫô治֪ЩŮ˳ﶼЩʲô
ߣ˶ЩŮ˲˼ҽгȫһ֪Ǹˡ
Щ˳ųţ⽥Զ˶֪
ֻȺͻȻȺ֮Էóһ·
ҶһɫףֳһɫӢ˾̾Ȼ˫ɫīƺһӴ͸ġ
Ҷߵʱ̲ס̧ͷϿǵǰֳȥʱֳרõķÿԿ

ñط꣨

ߴ͵ĺɫϣ棬ӽֱȺ߹
ҶϷ۾棬ȴûλվڴǰ۲¥·һС
ȺԽԽ࣬ҶϷ²λȫӦÿҪܿĵطˡ
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ȫҶϷȫõĶԷᱳԼΪСģ黹ܹġ
ʱ⣬Ҷϣ֪޾ǰС
ҪĲҸˣӿɻкҪģȥ׼΢΢
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ҶϷͻȻȺзһУ˵ĹԺͺϲ㡣
ҶϷ΢һ£ȺȲأȼʶһλ꽫
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ҶϷ룬ϣûԶϾһ˼ָѾԶˡ
ҶϷתĿͶȥ
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Ŀһɫ׵ֳ꣬һɫüĿ䣬ʱͣ·λÿĿһȥĿײһ
˿Ϥȴּİ㱼䣬ǰ꽥ǸǸƨɺСϵ
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ҶϷ˵ʱ˿̵ܣ֮֮Ļߣο֮ȴпɬ
һִĵܵܣô֮꣬ô꣬Լ罨ΨһϵʱɷؿԼȴٿ꣬һִĵܵܡ
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ʵ۴һٹҶˣʵ۵۾ˣ˼Ϊʵ۵ļӣֻӲվԭصҶ߹
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Ҷⷭһߵʵǰƿǰڣع¿ͷ΢μϣꡣ
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ʵۿһҶߵĹطһۣЦŽ˷
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п꣬Ϳʵ߳ȫСӵļϵοͽֻҪǸϹĶܿõ
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طɴʱǣʵܹеضԴÿˣ漴ɵĿͶҶſСϣЩ˼顣ѲСӻľǸӣ
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ǣةǰάӹȻӢ۳꣬СС;һӶ޷󼰵ĹͣʵҵĪ
Ҷ⿴ǰλʱӣǰʵ۴ʱʱߣȻҲʶλة࣬˵ϵɵĸס
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Ҷ⹪ة࿴һۣ̲ص񡣡
ҶҲ⣬ǻʵۺܲةԴԼұֶ䵭̬ȣةࡰߡһ۾һ˲ͬʱܵ˶ԷϢֶӣŮк˲ģֶӣŮ
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طɿŵСҲû뵽ȻôסţСһֱӣʱû¸ɵʱһ˶Ҳ֪ʲô˽ţӪôˣҲֻһܹ΢СһЩ
Ҷ޲ܽҵĹطɽ˵лϽ˵ҼŻؼҡ
طһ˹ӣؼҡ־Ȼһܹӳȫ
ؼң
Ҷ⿴һŵӣ׼׷ŷ˼ȥֳ˵ʱվ
ǹطɿҶתͷӿŲɿؾˡ

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Ҷ⻹ûü۲Щʲôͱۼ濴һ·СܵҶǰ
ӣǻˣЩΣūЩһֱ͵͵ϢȻҶǸ԰׷ˣôһֱûκϢ˵գǱԹ񿴵ҶⶼЩ顣
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һͨ⣬漴ҧ촽Ҷ⾹ȻȻҶ
Ҷһۣˣҿɼǵǰƽʱϰ䣬˭͵ҶĹǱ˲֪٣㵱ʱǹȥֻ¾ұˣʱһôԼ̣Ҳܴ˭
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⻰æԼ̫ӦˣһˣúչҲˣ۵òеʱһ飬Ӹۣʵǲá
ҶСطԺҶ⿴Ѿɫζȫ£ʱ˯һ롣
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ҶһȳԷ˯ɡ
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ҶϽֹһиڸϣȵȵȣӦһ͹ʱٳԡ
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漴̲ס֪λǺˣ
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Ҷϲ㾡ȥɣֻ㶼ǳˣȴǳԲ
طɺٺͷ߽¶һŴ˵ģҿɾȥˡ
طһ񣬵ظ漴ЩɻΪλظҪԼӡȫôԼӢӲ߶
Ҷ漴ȥָŶλõϽԷɣҿɶˡ
طŵζˣôóԵģ˫۾ˣȵôÿĶǳԵģȻӾӣһһٷ˶ˣֱˮ
˵տ˿ΧվʢĵѾߺ棬һƨҿɾͲˣôóԵģҳ
һ״Ķһӣҧһ۾ɵöˣ߳ԱȫСӿ԰ôǮȨôóԵĶСӾȻ߳ȥѪԸɱ㡣
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ҶɸϽԣĪҪ˵ˣ˵ҾͳԲˣĭĴɡ
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Ҷ⿴Ǽƣ֪ԼٲϽԣһӺòܹԼӵľûжˣҲϽͷԡ
һĿԼλظԷûһͽһӲ˳Եøɸɾöûл㶵ؿ˳ԡ
عֿʼԼӣǰԷûô̻ʹʱһԷӳԷһƵģҲǹؾصġ

ֻСӲҳ

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ǰСǿǽΪ谮ֶӣ˵϶Щӵĳ谮ССԼ˹٣Ժ󰡣־Ҫ÷Ҫ֮ˡ
СѾ˻飬ˣѰý̤֮żˡ
Сû飬ҲֲƽͷϣСӵǻΡ
ǿ˵ϷﲻָӵƽͷյĴ¶˵ҼѾͷҲֻҪлᣬܵһ

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Ҷ̷Ӧֳ⻰ʲô˼Լôô˼ûбæԺʲôҪ뿪磬һ˵ģұ֤

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ҶϷعִʱڸ̫ܹԷͺܹ׼ȷؿԷԼӣҪǣҶС⼸겻֪ǳʲôģ߽ʵߴ󣬴ʱ˷ҶϷϷҶϷܷУоԼضˣرΪĵܵҲܴ
ҶĴڸ̫ǿƣҶϷоܲ
ҶϷһҶǰϣûκηҶͻȻǳϰ䣬ƽֻ´ʱѾһƨڵˡ
ҶȴƺűɳɹȴϸɵĺΡ
ҶϷ粻ԾüͷЩԼ۾⿴ˣֻҶЩӱɳˣɼǵûʲôܹ֮£Сʲô
ҶϷͿϷƵĿҶأһɲǣ漴ίؿҶϷ磬ߵ磬ǻڹҵ겻Ƕ𡣡
õáҶϷ̰㵱ǽвǶҳݶǸˡ
룬ҶϷȴ˵ţֻǲϰͻȻ˿֮
Ҷ쵽ҶϷǰֳԣǰ㶼ϰ׽ֳֻǳʱ䲻ңʶͻȻϰߡ
ҶϷκԥһҶϣЦ겻ƤǼǲ٣Ϊ㻹ǵëӣô˻ᣬ㲻Ҷе
ҶϷ籾Ϊ˵ҶЩ˼Ҳ֪䱾ִǰִ˵磬һԣɺã
˫۾˹ִҶϷ翴ģҶϷֱվô
ҶϷ翴ٴǰﲻɵ˿ܺӳĿֻ壬Ӳ֪ĶȥˣǹִһƽĻȥ
ǾҳˣҪ˦ˣ
ҶϷͻȻĵĻһ˲ûųಡҶϷ綼ؿʼʡԼǷЩСõܵ׽һ
Ҷôѹ֣һȴ֮˵˾ˣȴؽˡ
ҶϷͷҶ⣬СüؿתͷϳβͰ͵ػһ硣
ҶϷ綢һûʲôףոյһкƶĻþ
ȥҶз뷨Ƚһµǰ׵
֮ǰһֱûҶ⵱ΪͻȻҳȥҪҶԼ֮и˵ҶϷıˣʣҶԶ˵м䲻֪ᷢ¡
ҶϷߵһʲôһ£һ죬ûһŽˡ
кηԸ
ҶϷתͷҶ⣬ʲô˵˶
Ҷ۾գգƷӦƵûϽ࣬ҲعҶϷ翴Ǻ룬˰춼û˵һ仰Ҳűĳһ䣺磬Ҳ֪Щ꾩ЩóԣЩҳԹˣʵ֪óЩʲôϲÿһݣҵĿζֳӦҲơ
Ҷ⻰̲סһۣûǴĻǰӲϲʳӺʱϲЩˣ
ҶϷҶ⻰һ˲ЩЦΣоҶСģʱ˶ҡ֪գαص˭ĽʳҪƫҪȥǵȻɳ֮ء
ҶϷ翴ҶǲεٿƽʱԵǼ˶ټһ̺һá
Ӧǣȥ׼ʳȥˡ
һߣֻʣˣҶϷֻصԼλϣʾҶҲ¡
ҶϷ翴ҶЩؿžСӦûЩȣҶϷŵڣҶ˶Բ߰㣬û˵һѣʱʱزСңܹ뵽·˸飬ʲô鶼Уûı֡
˵ɣΪҪҳߡҶϷһ¹ģ۾һֱҶ ˣֻѾŵʲô˵ˡ
ֻҶ⻹һ£ҶϷ磺磬ʲſҪȥҽгԵģҶҪ뿪
ҶϷޱ飬Ȼشҵ⡣
ҶȴˣǵܵܣֳӦչ˵ܵ𣿸شҾ͸㣬ҪʱֲղֱӻشˣҶпʼشˡ
ҶϷüҶ⣬ԭĵܵĵطǱˡ
ҶϷ磺ǣҵܵܣۺʱֻҪûгҵĵߣҶ㡣
Ҷ⻰ɿתЦŴֳ˵ģ˵㻰
ҶϷûд𻰡
ҶҲ⣬ѾõҪĽȻҲҪԼֳһ¡
Ҷ⣺ֳѾ˺ܶ飬Ҳִ𰸣ʵҳߵԭж棬ֳһ
Ҷ̧ͷҶϷ磬ҶϷʾҶЦżʱһҹ֮Ȼ鲻ãǡʱֳڼң֮ʹ޴ߣ֮Сʱֳֳʱ䲻ڼЩӦ
Ҷ˵һҶϷ磬漴ͷת⣬ʱףΪһбѹÿյĺˮˢܽһгˢɾǵʱͻСԵʣԼԼƭˣһֱȵֳ֮ʱΪеı˶Ѿʶֳ𣬻ǱʶҲɡ
ֱԪգϲһˣ֮û˵һ˱ˣʱңû˾Ҽ֪Ǹܣ֮˲ң
ʱҲʶǰЩ˲ûʧԽԽһʱ䣬ʱˣҪ뿪ǣȥһȫµĵطҸŬϰ䣬ҲƻȥĶҵʱҳߵԭ򡣡
ҶϷ⻰зҶʱʱȷʵܹϣҶϷҶһ漴µƿۡ
ҶϷ磺ǸʱҲã֪ϵãӦ㣬ȴΪ㣬ôĿ࣬ҵĲԣԺҲᷢˣұ֤һΡ
ҶҡͷֳؾΣ˵ǲϣֳܣ˵ֳܣһ粻˵ֳҪ֮ˣҲϣֳκβġ
ҶϷ翴۾Ϊʱ䳤ˣҶ۾Ҳͬһɾһ͸Ȫװеִš
ҶϷ̾˿εСӣôЩ굹ѧˣб£ŸδӰɣֳܲ𣬲ԺҪ׷˭ңܹıߣĪ統ǰ㣬çײ£ù˵ġ
ҶȻǺЦӦˣԺֳⷽ⣬ֳҡ
ҶϷҶһۣ㲻СƤǱɳÿȳǽˡ
ҶһЦֳ̣̽Ѳֳ׷˭һɸܼҴֳףʶɩӣѲֳ֮ˣ
ҶϷ类ҭһ£ҶģûСֱ˵ˣҶСƨһԼϲĹһ˼ʮȴûõĹʵЩ
ҶϷȻȻν㣿ҪԺ׷֮ʱٷɵ
ҶϷ粢ûзִʱҶһҲǡʱţŵʳҶϷӽȥʳȫʳҶϷҶ۵Ҳؾʹֹס

ĵܵܣ

ʱ򣬳ҹ𣬽žҹе
ʱѾһ룬ҶϷ紩ҹ£ȴ䣬ƻȫˣ̤ҹɫ߳䡣
ҶϷŵعغţת㿴ǰͻȻһˣɵһ
ҶϷſҶŹǷϻüչġ
͵͵ҪĴϴ˳к£ϲɵһǷ
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ҶϷšü޳ɵϵĺú˯ЩҪñúϢ
ҶͻȻǰҪҶϷüģͬʱվ˯ţһȥתת˵鲻ڳѲɸŲңǹί˭˶ܾ̾
ҶϷ紦ڱܷӦرܿҶָҶط֣ѾӦѸٵؽַҶϷüϣﻹੲݵ˵˸㲻ʺüȴϲü
ҶϷ类Цˣ֣ʵ֪˭ǵüȱˡ
ΪǽҵһϰԵԶԴСӵķʽңѾˣԱֳҶ֣ؿҶϷ硣
ҶϷ룬˵⻰еͬ뷨ԶǸӡ
ҶⲻĻƽֻҴ꣬ࡣ
ҶϷ²ۣҵʵˣҸ̸ϵ˵ֻ꣬ʱͻСƨ
Ҷ͵³ˮȴû˵ʲôֻü۵ֳ˵ǣֳܹΪֳãԱȫϵҲֳڻ
ҶϷܵľǹҶ⣬ҶؽҶ̣ϱЩҲסûСʴ֮£ϽȥϢ
ҶĥĥĵЦݣˣֳԸȥ°ɣԼȥߡ
ҶϷЩҶСǲǹģϲ˯·ģΪ˸£˵ôྐྵȻô׾ͷˣ
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ֻҶػһ䣬Ц⡣
ҶϷת۱ʧںҹУ֪תʱǿɰĵܵܶӰĿ籩꣬Լڱصõķ
ҶϷӰҪʧʱһֱҶϷҶͻȻˣϢظҶϷ档
ʱҶϷ绹Ҷ͵͵񾭱ýģһֺȷʵûб˸ٵļ֮ʱҶϷӿٶǰĿĵء
ҶϷԼ׷Լ׷ˮƽǺĵģܹȫᱻָ֮ȻҶⲢָ֮һòҶѧ츳ٲҶóġ
ҶϷĸϣĬĻ֮һΪҶĵļƻϵ
ʱһƬڣҶϷ绹˲ԶĹ
ºڷҹɱ˷ŻʱҶϷͻȻһûͷ֪˭ˣ˵Ҷⲻ롣
Ҷ⾪ȵףڵҲڴ˴㲻ǳȥҹһ䶼ֳδ֪꣬ұˡ
ҶϷ˦һ۵ӣ죬´μǵϷ㣬˴ֲڵݼʵڿȥˡҶڴ˴ҶϷѾȥ׷ΪʲôԵˡ
ҶϽһԾɷǽϣߵҶϷǰίսң
ҶϷûذһۣƭң
Ҷ᣿ҿɲƭ㣬Ҹ˴Ӣƭ
ӢаëǮϵҶϷ翴ûΣô򵥵죬ϡṦԱһݶϡ
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Ϣشۡ䣬ûһһ鷿ǰ鷿֮һӦҶϷҵĶ
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ҶϷӲѲɴι鷿ϽңҺ֮һҪȥ
ҶǵĻЩЦŵã֪ҪʲôֻϧҶϷûܵЦöô͵ȳɹè
ҶϷƳһۣתͷȥֱߵĳ룬һΪʲô֪ء
Ҷֳ֪ˣЦҵ֪˱ܹ˽ֳһЩϧֳʲôҸ²ϲɵ˸ʧ䡣
ҶϷ磺װʱ
Ҷޱ飬ٷϻϽҿʲô˱Ծģøҿǲңؼҡ
ҶԹԱ죬ͷȥҶȥˡ
ҶϷ翴ͻȻĹﲻɵøп˹ȻǶ䣬СҪٶ꣬񲻵óɾˣô͸
ܵ˵ҶϷ绹ǿĵģ仹ôһ˽ˣôһˡ
ܿ죬˽鷿˸׳գеĵطұˣȴûзҶϷҪĶǷ˲˵Сܣ¥ĲҪԳһЩˡ
ȻûҵǾ˵ɱһλ޹أҶϷҶѸٳ롣
صʱѾһˡ
ҶϷѾ׼ˣҶ⻹Ͱ͵ذռӣǲ׼ˡ
ô˻˯ҶϷ罫ѹһԡ
ҶƫͷĬľһµһȥҲ˯ţȥ۾ĹˣǲҿҶϷһۡ
ҶϷĪѲԼǺˮޣ
ĳֲ˼ҶϷߵҶǰȥҶȻ̴Դ
ҶϷšüͷҶԴԼЦֻħĻ֮Ͳһۣ֮ǰǵøҽÿˣǹˣ˵ҶϷϳЦҶ⡣
Ҷ˲ɫ԰ף޴ûУֳˡ
ҶϷ翴ӣֱܲԾҪʷʲôɿԼһξͱӣҶϷε̾˿˱Ļ˵Ҳ⣿
Ҷҵͻһ΢΢һ£ӦЩȻ磬˯
ҶϷ粻ôͻȻתͷˣ뵽֮ǰ˵˯ţΪֻҶĽڣʱģѲ֮ǰôѾոǸҰ׵ӶΪҪ˯ȴ˵Եʣ
ҶϷ̾˿Ҫ˯ֱ˵ֳΪѡ
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ҶϷ粻ɵʵش˸ǷŵΪҪ
Ҷ⣺ҳأֳѰأСʱֳķ䣬Ϊֳˡռҷֳ࣬ܶǰڶˡ
ҶϷ粻֪ԭԼܵӵһĲģסĳ嶯ҧгݵ죬һΪǶ£ôΪС£ˣԺ㰮ôűôŰɣϽģ˯ˡ
Ҷֲģֳ˵㻰ԺҰôűôţôֳദôദ
ҶϷͷҲصصһ䣬ٷϻˣҵڡ
Ҷ˵ôҶϷ磬ﻹ߶ֳ˵ˣĵܵܣڡ
ҶϷ磺ͻȻܲ׳յܵܣߴһҲС

ֳ

գ糿΢ҶϷǱͻȻѵġ
һסôµģҶϷ羪ѹʱغһֱͣӱǺˡ
ҶϷۣŷִʱ˿˽§ڻôô죬ȴ˵סó棬ҶϷ˰춼ûѿ
ҶϷһ£ס˺ƺܲʱѵľٶסҶϷ֫ҶϷһ죬ֱֱײһӲúñʯͷǻϣ۵ðǣ㲻֪ϦϦ
ҶϷţԭĴŵܵܵҲױ飬һֱšҶĴϣûоߡ
Ҷ⣬ǰҶϷǺյؽҶģôʱͨʹҶһ١
Ҷ۾һ˯ʵģȻջ֣ʲôûգ۾޹ѯʣ磬ôˣ
ҶϷ翴Ǹ޹ģװ˯һԿ
˯ǰ˯ģһ˯ıҶ⡣
ҶϷÿҶ;ȫðҪ´ĳ˻ûظոպõס´ĵطҪ´ҪƶλãƶλþʹҪڴ
ĴΪҪίԼ
ҶϷվڴϣ˭̫ͷСײ˹̶ĸӣӻλƵģۿҪˣҶϷԴ龰ȴ޶ԣ޳ȣҶ⣬ֱ˴
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硣
ҶϷ˲ˣҶоɽļҲˣվò˵ˡ
ҶϷ´Ρ
´εģҪңұ֤ҶȻش𣬴˿̺޲ʲôԱϵǿжôϡ
Ҷֳ֪ĳ׸ı䣬Ҫı뷨Ψһû˵֮ǰͲµ˵ʲô֮ǰһܹĴ𰸣˲пܸıע⡣
ҶϷȴû޹ؽҪصһ䣺Ҽǵ֮ǰ㻽Ҹ缴ɡ
Ҷû뵽ҶϷ׾ͽ½ҹᣬһ²ŷӦæС֮̽ǰֳʱҲӦˣΪ㵱ʱֻһ˵
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Ҷ⣺⣬ŭЦֳǧǲá
˵֮ǰҶ⻹һĻıˣʱֳǿײϵģ˭ʱ򲻳۵⣬ֻ³˿϶֪
Ҷϱ죬ͷʾϴ
ҶϷ΢Цʵô˵ˣ
ҶͷԺҪѧþգΪһʱ̰岼֣ʶʱﻹҿڡ
ҶϷ΢΢𣬺һѹӡ
Ȼ㲻˵Ǳ˵ɡ˯̫⣬ҿǵ˯пǷ°ҶϷ絥˾
ԭΪ¸ովҹȥˣֳû꣬ҶҪ˵ʲôʵǵ㣬ûҴȫ̶װ˯ʱãҴ˻ûƤûغʲôûƺƤ̶Ȼ
ҶʣѾӦңҰôűôš
ҶϷĵƳҶһۣҶͷ˵
ûƭң˯н
ҶͻȻ̧ͷҲֳ˭ܵһ˺һ˸ʮٱĴۣҲУҸղŴû˺ֳ˵ֳ
ҶϷ翴һۣɵɵҶվţȥһһҡ壬һ졣
ʱǱѵģܸûԩɣҶϷͣһ£ѵġǿиλѵġ
ҡûСҶй
ҶϷȻȻûУ͵Ŀš
ҶⴹͷɥƱ˳˽ǰ㣬ֳ
ҶϷֱ׳ǵһʶңʱҽ
Ҷ⣿
Ҷⱻҭһ£ʱ˵
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ҶСʱÿֳĴǺΪǼľԼûҲˣҪװҲһؼԺҪֳǰһҳòõĵط´ͬ飬ûһΪˡ
ҶϽͷϴֳ˵G֪
ҶϷˣҶü˳۵ģ⣬Ͻ·һԸ˴ϴˮϽϴȥ
Ҷ͵ĵ̧ͷ۾ֱֱײҶϷֳҪߣ˫Ĳţƴʱ˿ˡ
ҶϷԭأΣ֮ееᵽһ˿ΣյϢһʱ֪˵ʲô
ദ˶̶һ죬׼ȷ˵һʱ䶼ȴԼôõĵܵĺܲԾȻһճˣҲ÷ǳױ꣬ƢرһҪı顣
ҶϷ粻֪Щ궼ЩʲôǸůõСкΪα⸱ģʱҪ¥̽һ
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ҶͲŷһʶԼʲôյú޲ܴԼһ٣ΪֳǰǿƲסԼأ
ԺҪСģƺֳ϶Ѿֲٶˡ
ҶͷӦ֪ˣظ𣿡
ҶϷҡͷ
Ҷ⣬ѹסżƽǻҪҪ
ҶϷ粻֪òøҶ࣬ȻҶӵϢûȴ֪ģȻû˵ҶϷԺٻҶϷЩѾȥ谲ˡ
ȻҶСͷǳˣճ˵ĳ̶ȿСʱй֮޲һ仰޶뵽ᱻʱ֪ҶϷ粢ֳʵ
ҶϷ޷Ҷ֮Ҷⲻ֪ҪЩʲôǻ¾ͲǺ±ֳôˡ
ҶϷ绹ǾҶ⣬ǵͷҽȷʵЩҪԼȥϻظס㲻ˡ
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ã˵㻰˫۾ƻ˵ƵģѾ֮ǰıˣЦӯӯؿҶϷ硣
ҶϷﲻɵ̾Һƭ㣿
ҶһЦȴǣֳƭҵĻ
ʱ洫ҶϷʾҶȥš
ֻʮСˮϵĴʱɵһ㶣漴˻ཻһ𾪵æͷȥװԼʲôûҶϷҶϴ

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ҶϷҶһߣ̶ȥ劏劏ѾΪ¥ھǵĸˣЩĵҶϷģʶѾΪ˾طĸˡ
Ҷ֪ҶϷǰŸߣžȥġˡֻһֱҶϷ߲ߡ
劏ҶϷʱЩ⣬ôõĵܵˣӲŵܵܣ¥ʲô
ʳڣѾʳˡ
֮ڴˣܵѲ֪˹ʶµܵҡ
ҶϷ粻ÿ֪˭ϳ˰⣬޵ڶô˵ˡ
ŵҶϷҲôԹԵظ劏˵
劏Ҫҵ¥̰ҲGЩЩʲô
劏һ£ȴûй෢ʣȥְš
ǰ̴ǰЩĵؿҶϷ磬ǷˣѲҶGЩ걻۸ˣǽ𣿡
ҶϷһۣڳЦԲУʱҶһޱսӪСкѵܹһȥܵϽģ
漴ҲʶԼһܴ⣬㬵ر졣
ҶϷƳһۣ㲻ô
ҶϷʱ̽ʲôһƨԱߵϣ滹Ƥ
ҶϷҲżԸȥ֮òҲûʲôҪĬɵһˣҲõȵԺܿʼж
ⲻ˵ǿɰִĵܻܵˣ˵ιȥʶ£кһòĹӣһ̾Ҫһ
ҶϷԼҲҵطţʶȵĲˮҿһûѾһɱɱˣΪ˼ҵĵһֻǱ˺𣿡
һҶϷ磬ƵЦҶ֮ڹңûɣ
ҶϷ絭ˡ
Ŵ˻Ƥ۾ҶϷ翴ƶǹңķǵĳˡ
ҶϷ룬ַˣһԽԽˡ
ҶϷطȥ㲻ǿķǵĳˣǿڷǵŮˡ
Цһü˳°ͣͷŮҲ
ҶϷѾӱ¿˵ġŮˡ
һ·ҶϷĵһ顣
Ҳɵı飬ŵͷĺˣǵģΪ¥Ĵ¥ҪԼٲ˷ֻ׾ٵġ
һ롣
ҶϷ翴һۣѲ֮ǰǹ˼ȥɱģ
ȻҪ̫ˣ뿴һɱܹһıҲУǿ϶ܿɰ
ҶϷ̰һ䡰ӡνԼ˾С
ۣ˵Ļ˺ֱӽԶ
İɣ֪᲻ңΪ˲ػѣҲǲýԼġ
ҶϷеĲ豭һͽˮ͵ϡ
ǸֲСĻһ£Ͼػ̫ˣʵҸ뽫Ǹػѵɱǧǧ飬ٽʬճɻҵģϧˡҶϷҡҡͷһϧ¸Լһ衣
ԭŭһɻȴûеطй
ʱϿɵˮҶϷȵĲǺ裬ڰǳɫϣͷŵĻɫɫɵĳҺƣҪǣЩˮɲɣպôűߡ
һѾؿŰǰ֪˲Ҫȴ֪˵ĲҪȻڷ򣬳оԼĵµһܵսԺҪ˸ԶЩ
ǱԼ˳߿ȥͻȻ뵽ʲô̵һ²ؼ߸߹𣬻ڵƷҶϷ硣
ҶϷ絭һۿ޹ˣðһѪں䣬ϲ£ҶϷ쵰ǹġ
磬ոŪˮЩҸо䰡Цգ۾ҶϷ硣
Щؿһˣ󿴵ҶϷȵĲʲôɫģ뵽ûƤûİ¥ѾԺнղŷһ֪Щʲô£Ҳûϰĵ
Ĭؿ˱ݣ˳㽫кҩó
ҶϷغȲ裬û͹ȥ
磬Һ䡣
óƤһأϽԾض˶ӣֻʣһ仰䡣
ҶϷޱ飬ʵϺ޲˺˰죬а룬ʱ򽭺һɱֹһ˽ˣû׼˼һ
磬ĺ䡣ʱϷͣίͰ͵ؿҶϷ硣
һ԰գﻹͣС䣬ҶϷͳޱ飬ǲ֪˿ˣ϶ΪĳжӲء
ҶϷ룬̡
漴ƤЦⲻЦسһЦݣοİɣȻˣڼſڻ±Ҽ̷Ըȥฮ֪ͨȥӦþͲˡ
̲ˣ·һЩףֲˣոպҵĻþԣǻþ֮Ϊҵġ
ҶϷͳͬʱðһ仰˭ˣ
ҪжŻ˵ⷬ
Է˺Լ飬̽ҩŵǰͬʱԼȻûзЩˡ
񴨣Ժҩˡ޲ܿǴҽģ˼ҵߵܹһٸȻǹԼĻߵġ
ĵͰ͵ģգ۾Сܲܲôҩ
ܾܡ
ȤƲƲ죬˵ûȤ漴пˡʲôֳֵ֣ɴʵ£ҩҲЩҩôСҲܹܿȬġ
һۣ۾ֻеҩ룬Įл񴨶ΣˣҸܹҵˣĲֻкҩܺãˡΪ
ûץס·ֵҩ˿࣬ѾһˣһٲӦҲûӰ죬ʹӦҰɡ
ΪƤӶû̧ûаصҲܹҵΡ
ҧԼ촽ʵ̧֣ҩʲôҩһ㡣
漴˫ֺƻ˳գ˶ûӦ֮ǰͿһɫĴӣǺȻǳ˶궼ûժİɫĨ
һ£漴ŭѸٴӰĨȴûٽĨϣǷḧ繣Ŀ顣
˫һֱʾ˵۾ܺÿڵ鿴ƣ΢΢β˲ɵڴЦǺģ
ҶϷͰһֱΪӦ۾мʶһɫĨסĵÿμ˳Ĩ̲סҪȥȴûһγɹҲ֪֣ûʲ
ȻɫĨȴδ뵽ɫĨµ۾𣬻ôÿһʱ䶼ɵЩ𾪡
ҶϷµջߣ֪϶һ˵Ĺˣʶûһֱװǰ㣬ڲŵض˼ҿ

ĨµĹ

عεذڰ֣ѵһ¶ȵı飬ڨڨû뵽û㣬ǰô㶼㿪ˡ
˵ڸɫĨͳۿɫĨϡ
ⷴӦðˣƽʱƱһֶ˵
ҶϷĬĬһ䣺á
Ҳ˵ˣ͵ȳԼȿڡ
һʱ֮䣬澲׵Щѹ֡
ҶϷ綼콫һˣĨֲͣ˹ؽɫĨϣס˫ÿ۾
ÿĶԭǸ͵ģֽ˫ÿ۾סˣЩϧֹؿųȴû˵׼ȷ˵û˵ˣȻ˵Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôͻȻû˵ˡ
ƲÿҲֹܿı飬һº͵ЦݣǸղʧˡ
æҡͷϵʧ˲ǣɱô˵˵ҸоҪҲסˡ
ЦЦŰϷʵǺ˵ֻ
ЩεССⲻǿı̫ˣʶˣ´θҳԵҩ࣬´βܻ¸ٳһҩһζû¸ɹ
һ£ʵʲű𣿡
һ£ʵղųı黹һˣºͺÿֻ飬Ȼú¡
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Ȼǲ˵÷ǳ£Ǵ˸ǵᣬǾı鲻ʺ㣬ʶЩ㣬ǰɣ֮
ʱ򻹲ҶϷˮȻǰ硣
ҶϷʩ񴨶ιܣʶⶼû̧ͷ濴ųʱһ̫ãԼΪԼˣʵֻصøˣҵԸ֮ˣȴ֪нµԸ
û뵽ҶϷô˵ҶϷˣƽʱ磬׿׿ʵＫѪں˵£ỹֲҪ
Ӧ󣬵ҲûѸҶϷ署£Щ£ûʱûʲôɱ֮ߵ/Ҳðͷ
֮Ը⣬ǹ£Ҳص档
롣
һһͣٲȻﻹһ˵ĴڣʱЩί۾ҶϷ磬ҶϷ׼£ĿҲ
ʵºףȴҲ㹻Щ͵˿޵
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кԭһֱʦɽУһɽҩһһϢŮŮѪһ̱ûϢ
к漴ҵؾŮŮصԼסĵطϤչˣŮһ
Ůк磬кʱᰲţʱšһԼ
ÿŮµʱкǺŮΪк磬ǸкʱԽԽࡣ
ʵǣкֻϲŮ˵ϲ㵸ӣ˵ɰŮΪʲôѪɽϡ
ŮĵͳƵɽд˲ٻ֣кʦкжŮԽԽİĬĬ̾εһԵ֡Ҳûж˵ʲô
ŮһµĲÿ춼к飬ÿ´˵к;ø⶯
һ£кʶԼĸ飬ŮҲԿк⣬ģǻˡ
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˺꣬кҲûмŮ
ǹµ˽ŮҲֻΪкһĵ㣬ԺټҲܹ΢΢һЦЦһ䣺Ŀɺã
ֻϧǶģȴҲġ
ŮˣѪۣͬʱ۾кַŮǰãŮȴûκηӦ
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˸û뵽ŮȥкʱҲûзŮк֮ĸ飬ŮЩҲΣû˷
кһξŮкҲŮˣȴŮۿʱҲûκŭ
ŮкʱӦŮӳףԼСӡ
Ů˫ûˣȻ壬ᷢ㶣ǰĴҲóĬʱӾͻߣְܷܷϸ֣˵ĵĻ
ԼˣӴŮȥҽӽŮӵ۾÷⣬ٽЩ羰һһʱǻкӣһһ;ķ羰ա
Ȼ칫ҲãŮӵˣβǴŮӣǶŮֱɱ֡
߲ѣŮӵ˴һӵʦΪ˱Ůӳ룬ӺŮӺôӹһ١
ֻӳŮӺ鶼ʹѣŮӵ˻׷ɱˣÿ찲οŮӣģɵ¡
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֮󣬾þò۾ð׹⣬߷߲ƽŮӵ治Ƕõҵĵطܿڡ
΢΢ҡͷл񴨣ãϲԼԼ
ͷ֣صΣҪҶ֮ʱС
ҶϷգҲѵûзĻĬˡ
Ҳûƴǣֻ˶³ϣԼܹɱЩŮӵˣ㰵¥סĳŵҪ֮ͣϳȴyòϡ
ֻԼֱˣҲһ׮˰ɡ
ҶϷʵǲ޳Ůģ˫Ϊ۴Ӽ˳¸ҵģȴҲڳ嶯Ѿģʱõδ
ΪԼӴԼΨһʦӶȥһǻ޴ţҲ൱һä˻š
ҶϷ̲ס룬ôҪŮǷڹ
ô£˵±ȷʵܱˣΪԼȫմϱߣԶֲ֮£ҶϷ鵹ûж˵飬ûйûУװͬ鷴˶ġ
ǰ۾ˣǺйġ
˵ûܹµ̫Ӱ죬վǱӰ˵ģҶϷЩȥ谲ҶԷȻǸҶϷȥȴǲԸ̤ʶ˾¥

ϲ

ҶϷʱһݷõ˶ѾȥˣڹѧѧʱҶϵĶڣһȺʲôоһˡ
ҶҶϷʱֻ۾ˣɵʵֳĻˣ
ҶϷ뷭ۣǸģϸҲˣСӵǾϲúѾƤҪԼġ
ǴӦ𣿡
ҶǵĻÿҪѵȥˣȻ˵˴ʡ
ԭΪֳܻô磬ʱҲܼͦ˵ֳЩ겻֪ǺԵһֱʱȥŽҲô꣬ڸо͹һδڣΪֳܲϲ
ҶС֪ĸֳкܴĵ⣬ֳǰĸ棬ȴ֪֮ļ϶ѾôֳԸʶΪֳĥӲ¼ˣҲ϶úûԵʱˣϲöһʱû˷Ӧ
ԱߵĹط̷Ӧɤһ𣬡ֳȫ㣬ֳûҰɣйطɣҲûЩֵĽֳҹطɾͺãҺսϹĽ飬ʵ֮ǰĮǾͼֳˣֳӦûмҡ
ҶϷºһЦ˵֮һӹӣ֣˺һɽһȺء
ԭǹطֵܣҵҶ꣬չˣҶ֮ڴ˸лҶϷ˵գ֣صظط˸
طһæµֳɱɷˣҪŪ
ҶϷ΢΢һЦҶطֵܷģGġ
طɼ䲻εػعͷҶ⣬ȫ˵Сӻ᲻ᡣ
Ҷش𣬵ͬᡣ
һҶϷ米һҶҶϷ֮˲룬ֻиողŸҶϷİҶ֮ҲܲµóҶ塣
Ҷһּۣؿһ׹طɣſҶϷЦȻֳ˵˲ᣬȻǲġ
ҶӵءҶһۿñ졣
ȴ޹˼ˣʲôƵĿҶ⣬ȻֳСްһΪ뿪ֳûôˣ˿ˣ϶һӶģ
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ҶŰļһô˻ƨƵĸֳ档
ҶȻôľͺԥ˵ˣ㲻Ҳˣô˻ƨƵĸֳ档ֻôôᡣ
֮ĸƨ棬Щô꣬ƨλöûˡ
⻰ɳӰֻҪɵЩָ˭
Ҷһɱһǧһ˵Ķˣµ޼ɵ˵΢΢ƵǰֻǸ죬Ҷȷʵݺݵؼһˣֳĵߡ
ҶԼȥʧأûٴ˼˽ӲҲæת˻⡣
ҶϷ翴˶겻һͶ죬Ҳ˵ʲôˣĶˣҲûʲô˵ġ
ҶԱģС˻ȭͷӵߣС
Ҷڰ˱ۿҪֳһҶϷæ׹طɽ²һ£ʾϽ
ֱĹطĪһҶ⣬ʵǺʳȫΪʲôҪģ뵽ôˣʳԺȫûӣסûʣƨɻʵʵԼλϣ㣬ò˵ɱǰԵЩҪóϰٱ
Ҷ忴ⳡʱ̣Ц죬뵽Ҷֳʱط˵ȥĳֱӲЦ
ҶԱߵĪؿЦеӵǷа
ͥû°ɣظһҶ壬Щĵؿ
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صҶߣҶ߹ֱסҶϷӣ˵ͽߣֳߣѾλá۾һƳڰ٣Ҳ֪ҪʶʵǱǸֻܽλðںˣίһ°ɡ
ҪίһµİһܵλãҶԭλԱ߸ûҶϷλãʱ˵ѾˣֻһȥԼողλá
Ҷ⿴طǴɵӻλϴسԵʱú޲ֱӽûӾȥһ٣˾֪Ĺطɣ鲻ԸشҶϷԼλϡ
ʵֳԼλãΪǸλ˵ĿⶼῴǸλãＫ䲻ԸֳЩʱ̶ţƱţֳֻġ
ҶϷ翴ŵŲµô£ЩЦЦӯӯؿҶ⡣
Ҷⱻ΢΢죬۾ǲֱֳ˫ԣÿ˫ۡ
Ҷ忴ϷʱĵǰֳλǭG֮ǰΪģһҪЩȥе飬վͲˣ飬G˵
ҶмؿҶһۣæŵԣֳͥҪظ飬λģֻʲ㻹ûͥ˵ܿҪȥûλˡ
Ѿת׼ߵҶ⻰Ųһ٣ĺֱӲŵطһۣѵļһԭΪô˻Ὣӻһģǰ֡
Ҷ˸Ǻرˡ
ҶϷ翴˵ϹǳĬҶ֮ǰλϣ΢΢ЦſҶ⣬GˣΪΪ׼λá
Ҷؽֳıֳľͺã˲ŲΪܵܵһƬ⡣
ҶϷЦЦ𣿡
Ҷ⼫϶ǵġ
ʱطɿһֻ㣬ҶϷԼ棬ϲףֳ㾹ȻҶ棬ͥȥˣٺ٣ֳҸ˵ȫСӣǰ궼ûңҲûʲôֳԴĮֳСӵﶯֳ
ҶϷЩŹֵؿһҶ⣬ֻعͷȻ궼ûи
طɴпϵǰСϣʱͲ˵ҳϻʱ˵ʮһ˵һأ
Ҷʵùطɵӱ죬ɵӲָԼЩʲôϾ֮ǰɵӾһֱֳ
ҶͻȻ֮ǰ˼ɵߵԼԭΪɵϲŻ֪ģ˭ֳ֪ǰɵǹϵľû˱ô顣
ҶϷ總Źطɵͷ֪ʲôʱչģ׵ȷʵϡȫ˭֣
طû˵ˣ֪Լ˵˭֣Ժûôõӹˡ
ҶŰճ˾ʵθɣҼǵðүλƺ
޹գۣҵλþѽҵλãҸոٻλá
Ҷ⿴һֺۣݺݵظһʡ
˼ô֣оҲˣŶ߻˵Щʲô

ʡҪ

ҶȻǲ˿ֵĻģɫظûİһ棬Ҳþգ֪ҶϷĵܵѿˣ֮ҶϷҪˡ
ؼͻȻᣬϽǰҶ˵ȥˡ
Ҷ⿴أҲӣ̺Ƣ˵һЩ޹ؽҪĻ
ǰڹѧʱǳҶ֮⣬ҶϵõˣҶ嶼ڣʲˡ
ҶϷ翴ܹɫ̸Ц꣬аٰпһʱ֪βܵ
ͬʱҲܲ⣬Ϊһȴʱʱ¶±ƫִ
꣬Ӧ̫㣬ھ߸߹ůÿһˣͻȻúްȫУճˡ
ҶϷ˺ܾãȻ벻ȻӦ˵Ѿ˼꣬Ȼûס
Ҷ˵ЩҳߵɣҶϷ֮ʱֻۣҲ֪Сǲ˵ʵģԼȥҴ𰸡
ҶϷʱ򶼻Ĵܾô˴λҶѹЩʲôӵֳҲˡ
ѲƬսаԣܹһϵĻȻʴ󷽣ʵƫִЩꡣ
ҶϷԱǰúܵܵľ飬ͻȻһҵؼڡ
ǰüȡֻҪҪģһǰһҶʱкӲҶиĸߣʶĹĺչ˱ǰ˺ܶࡣ
ҶϷ²ⱧŽŽɵ̬ȣȴҲҲĽˣֻþԿʵǷˣȻ治֪ҶΪʲôô˻ճᣬûȫУǺ±ܲζ
룺ˣԺЩɣӦûвŮܳˣʱӦҲҪСˡ
֮ҶϷҲ¶ͷۣ
ò˵ʡԶĵʦ
˳ԷʱҶϷʱ֪Ҷ⡱жȴˣò²ȷġ
һٷҶϷĲһҶģҶԵĲʮ֮˾еġ
λýҶԵĲ˻Щֱ߹ţҶϷȴպܹŵģҪǣЩ˻زˣҶȴһⲻҲ֪ﵽôġ
ҶֳҪؼšҶϷѾûȥˣٵƤӾͻҪˡ
ҶϷ絭ؼҶвˣǵǰСǱˣ˵˼ֱеļ⣬Ե⣬аζؼ
˼ֵܶ˵ദģʽֻѵֵܹܺĽ֮֮Ҳȱ
ҶȴܣҶϷнӹǿ鶹ؼ֮󣬴ԱּһӶѿҶϷ磬ĵ磬ϲĶѿ
ҶϷƲĬĬţ˵Ҳ뿴κ˵񣬶һ˺̫ˣһжȱĵܵܺøѣ
ʱѵõû˵ֵܶỰ˵Ķ˼Ҳ֪Щʲô
òװܶѾ½½ؼң˶ˣֻʣ°͹طɡ
ƻǸ꾫ˣ֪ģҲ˵ط񾭶ЩˣȴҲ֪εΧλˣԼԼȥ
磬ˣʱӦ鷿ȥɣӦҲܾûˡ
ҶϷҶϸģɵһ飬ܸԼĵܵܣʵǰż
ǲܡ
ҶϷ΢ЦǱ߰ɡ
طɿҶⲻ֪Ҷ⻹ⲻ˵ֻһ˹ػԼȥ
˵طɴʱסӦȥݷˣʱ谲ҲȷʵˣطɴٰݷҲ١
վԭأüͷѾнԶֵܶˣҲ֪Щʲô
طǰ˻Σع˵Źطһһ䡰ǡһƵƮˡ
طԴþ̫ˣûǱߵֱӺ룬ƢһҪô֣ǳȫС֮󶼱˺ܶ࣬ڵĳȫѾȫǸ¶ģˣֳĹطɶüƤһأȥˡ
˵ҶҶϷ磬ȥҶ֮󣬸˵˺ܾõĻֱҶʷطϢʱʱѹ
ҶϷʰʰһ³УſڵҶ⣬ȴˣǱʶҲֽ֪ɡ
ҶҲҪҶϷ翪ţ˼ֱȵظκϺ£ҵҶϷУġ
ҶϷԲڣתͷȥҲؼҡ˸ǰһһܹҵĵطһ飬ȴʲôûҵֻÿֶ顣
ҶҲҶϷʲôΪʲôҪؼңֻɵظҶϷʱҶϷ˵仰µ߿ࡣ
ҶϷҲԼŬȥչ˵ܵܣദõҲгǢ
ʱѾЩˣҶϷϴʱͿҶУ۾һգգؿŲ֪ʲôͦԵģ˿Ҫ
ϲ˯ʲôҶϷ߲ͷʡ
ҶʱȻæߵҶϷǰȻؽӹҶϷеëЩؿʼҶϷͷ
磬Ҹ
ҶϷֵֹģֳ֮䰲ȫΧľҶϷʱûʱںܾܵҲûϵ
ֲСӣϽȥ˯ӦûҶϷӺԼëҶֱӱܿˡ
˯ţֻڸ߲˯ţ˵ˣ˯Ҳû¶ġ˵̴꣬˸ǷڸոմǷӶʪ۾ҶϷ磬΢΢ĵƹͬԵıʯ
ҶϷɲˣϵʶûأɲڶֱѹ
ҶϷ翴ëԱţҲСӲģôøʡԼ֡
˳ϣҶ̺ʶȤؿʼͷ
ǲϴӦʲôҶϷ۾
ҶСгĺڷͷͷҲ˳ָзǳãʱ֪СʱΪʲôҶôϲͷˡ
ҶʵǺСʱֳͷǰȥ˳ĳģֻĿǰûǸӣʶֻסȻװʶ͵͵һ¡
ҶϷþòӦ۾شӱ߳һš
ҶⰵԼѬģһҪңǧʲôû׼֮ǰ֡
ǵãģұ֤˯˾ԺãҲյˡ
ҶϷ±۾Ҷָͷߡ
ʵΪ˯˵ܸĵģҪЩ˯ͷ˯βѵԿ
Ҷ룺ֳ컹ôȴ϶ģҶƭģû˯߸˯ţƭ㣬Ժ϶Ҳһ˯ˣǵֹ֮£
ҶϷƤ̧Ȼ֪㡣
˵գͱ۲˵ˣһ˯ȥˡ
Ҷר־ؿ˵˯գʱʱҪѵƿĿȥһͷûвɣ᲻Ū˯֮ˡ
ʱǰ붼û˿ʵˣֻһΣˣȴԶԶġ
ҶۿͷѾɵòˣҪȥ˯
ֶ̧ˣȴֹʹطȥëһߣӦ˯ˣ޼ɵĿٲεǰ֮ϡ
еĳտɢģİͻȻʢ꼻ֺͻĵХ
ſţĿⲻƵűĴϣ΢΢ĻȺܺõؽһƽ׽ˣ
̧ű촽ϣʱŷӦֲԾһ£漴µضסǺƵ˵֣ᶨֻسǿõĴȥ
΢ָȵĴ꣬ҶϽһ˯֮ûбԼŪѡ
Ǻ֪˯ţǵĻȶû䡣
ҶָĦһ£ͻȻԺ֮кʲô̮֪ôֳغ;ηֳôеơ
ӽԺֳҪôһְִͷ֮ˣҪôǹϵ˵һİˣ޳ΪֵܵĿܡ
ȻˣǲӦǰȡʲôأǵһǰδִһ֮ʲôҲ޿ɺǰɣǵڶֿܡûеڶֿܣУھҪ׹ڵĻᡣ
ҶǰͻȻݣŭسžҪȥФصĴ
ʱݵĶͻȻˣѹ֪ԼʲôҶֻĴ꣬뿪Ŵꡣ
ﰲοԼԺֳҲ֮ʱһһֻΪǶĲأҲһ衣
ʱκ˶ֳԼ
Ѿ˯˵ˣĴţŵС˱ŵȥ

ֳ׵

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ҶϷʱûбλεεϹתͷգգۣһѹȵѵõеת
ҶϷһ£òСǰҳ֮һһ˯磬ǰͷ϶ôۣڶҲᳬʱ𣬲˯ⶫ̫ǿ
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Ѳֳװ˯ʵֳҲֻǲ˼˵Լͱǲ㴰ֳֽͻȻˣҪԼ
ҶԽԽ˷ܣ˷ܵ۾ðˡ
ҶϷŲͣһ£ôͣ簲ǾһοʵǣΪкһСӲеġһ仰ҶϷ缸Ц˵ġ
Ҷ⣬ֳ˵ԶСҪ
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ҶϷըˣֱԼܵˣȿܵһһѾظо˼ƤһأҧгݵԺ簲ҲС
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˵վͽ쵽ҶϷǰ
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ҶϷһۣ޲ܵܵĶˣǾͱˡ
ֳ
ҶϷǿҪЦˣʶֳˣֳ׵
ҶϷЩЪ˹ȥ˭ҵֳôۣܵô˻Ҫȥ壬˼ҵĵܵºӶˣ㻹
Ҷ⼫ΪǲΪ˼ҵֳûֳãЩֳܸᲢۣЩ˱Ȳֳһָ׸ǣ˵ˣȥǴ̵ģȢӣ˼ҹҲҪһ簲ǰˣֳαضŭأҲܡ
ֱ׳еĻҶϷ粻֪ÿ޻ǸЦ
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ȥɣҿɲٶŸͷˡҶϷظˣô˱Сʱ
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磬ģջѧ˺ܾãұ֤Բٷˡ
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ոոշֳӦûз飬ǷˣʵľͲЩˣΪʲôΪܵܵȻҪֳĴ
ôӦÿԼ߿󷨡
磬ǲϲңҵҶ⼫ʧͱˣԽһˡ
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Ҷع⻰Ҷȷʵûиоοֳ̾ˡ
ֳǰ̾ȥܵǰ̾ĴʱȴƵ̾
ǣֳ㣬ȴҵģֻԨˣҸô죿
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һһʱͰٰ㲻ζˣΪҶãĹ¶;һֻ·С
ҪΪʲôҶϷҶһֻСϲСϲСͷ
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ҶҡͷֻǾֳ˺ãԼԶ벻ֳ
ҶϷ֮󷴶Цˣȫû뵽Ȼ𰸣ͬʱζˣСЩĵ׶Щʲôӣ
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ҶϷ罫εȻ벻ֳǱԶ뿪ɡԺϱֳͲ뿪ֳȥأ
Ҷ⻰͵̧ͷ۾ֱؿҶϷ磬ҶϷоЩֺͲʣͿҶͻȻʲôƵģٲ֮ǰ˼ᶨԼֱǰη
ֳ˵ģԺĪҪڡҶͳҶϷҪ֤
ҶϷЩΣȻ
ɲ֪˵ɣԺȴޱȼѡ
ҪֳͷͷֳвˣҪֳܹңΪôĿȱңҾֳûʲôͬҶ۾ֱؿҶϷ磬ǿЩƫִ
ҶϷѾˣ⻰ķ̤ʵˣ֪Сӵĸ־ٶʲô
ȻҶҪͨЩаȫУҶϷΪֳģҲֻİȫУϱǷСӼĻƽɡ
뵽ԺԼҪױһ͸ҶϷ籾ǾܾģǷǳܣ˭ܵأϱǷ˼ƽծ
㰮ôžôţҪҵзϾˡҶϷʱȫһƹˤ
ҶϷôһ⣺һĵĵܵܣΪֳʲôܣҶϷ϶ԥػشÿ춼۵ĸܡ
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Ҷ⡰ϴֳ˵ľ仰ȴˡ
ҶϷ벻ôһ䣬һʱоеۡ
ĥһҶϷ޾ɣѾ֮ǰΪ˯úõˬ˲֪ȥˣʱ޲ҲתΪΣΪܵһĲģô죿ѲɻҪ־𣿡
ҶϷ˵ͺˣС־ݣѲɵɵظС־ݣΪôôɵЩ
ܵܣڣҶϳʡ



ҺûҶϷʧҶû־ݡ
ǵã־ݣֳҲ޿κΣҲֳҶ⻰˵ǽһС
ҶϷֻǺǣǲõһϾһֱһ
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ֳұ㣬㲻ģһᲹֳġҶϿҵ˵
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ող˵ôʶڱˣҶϷνô붼úܲˬ
Ҷʱ¶ί̵ı飬ֳǾҷԸоֳûĹұ㣬Ȼĸı㣿
黹ˣҶϷ翴ЩＸ漸ּ٣һ˵뵽˾õģյĿҪ⿪СӵĽᣬаȫУʶǲ鲻Ըؿ˿ڡ
־Լ⻰񷴻еĳС˱˼ҲȷʵǱ˼ֲһ䣬ٷҲҲţҲַֻһĴˡ
Ȼһ仰ЧͼӰ˵ҶǾѵ˶Ӻȥˡ
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ҶϷ粻ټ⣬Լۣʵʱ㲻ӦдΪλҿһζĪûȥǰɣ
ҶʱֿʼȻظҶϷͷˣԺȻЩ飬ȥˣЩ˶ɸţȻǴϲҵ壬ʵ˭֪ʲôҲ뱻Ʒ˴㶼ȥˡ
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Ӫʱôˣ
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ȥ£ȥҶʼ磬⵽
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磬㾹ȻΪ˱һţҿ׵ܵܡҶֱ̱۲֡
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ֱֳ˵ʲôɡ
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㻹ǵСʱ㱻ᣬȻһСŮ˵°ɡȻǵãӦҲ֪ʱˣȻ֪ΪλҪһŮӽֵطδޡ
ҶֳģһΪֳδء
ҶϷһŽСߵĳ֪ĽȥԽԽɰˡ
úûش⣬δ͸ҶҪ
ҶϷ绹ҶϷ룬Ĵ׶ҪԣΪһĪе鵼ֵ֮ĸ鵭ˡ
ǱС˵òӾһƶĴԴ¶˵ǳ¶⻰ǺȷظҶ⣬δûκ뷨
ȻҶϲЦտŽʶ龰˵
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Ҷɵʵһ
ʱӪһ̣˲أսս˲֫Ѫɺӣһս˺ܶˣͬ˵Ҳ࣬ʱ·ɸʦǡƬսɵʦҽһνǱ˼Ƴģ˶ҽ
˳µģŮʦæˣʱҶеһֵܱҼУ಻ԶλãʶҶλҽˡ
λҽھӪס˺ܳһʱߣʱҶλֵأҽɲʱտλֵܡ
Ҷ⿴λֵʱҲϼ䣬Ҷ֪ɵݣʱҶʱܳȥģʶɲ֪ʵݡ
֮ӪʱȥҽƺϲҶ⣬ö֮Ҷɾ
˴ҶҪؼҲǸһģֻ˳⣬ɾͱةฮ˽ˡ
ҶϷ֮󣬿ԼŰײˣﲻνᣬԼĴײ˰֪ĵطѾ˿һڡ
漴뵽ȻŴײѾ˹ˣôԺҲӦòˣҲͲǵۡ
룬ﾹȻͦܣҶϷ簵̾˿ѲɻŰˣСȥ˻ˣҪŸˣ
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ϲŮϤİļ翴һʶˣȻˡ
ܼҵͷĬĬ˳ȥ
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һǳɫŮż򵥵ķ٣ӻԱܹӯ˺һֻĺֺһڵľ顣
ûߵҶǰͲ㱻һʯͷ⵹һδȴؼҶ
ǼʯЩ࣬´һע⣬ҺûˤȻȥĸ׿϶Ҫ
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˵޼ɵشһ˻˺ܲ仹һŮӺڵشһӣ֪ΪΣǰ鶯ŮȴᣬҶϷ簵һˣҲüƽ⼫䲻òΪ
ǳȫҽɣةҵС㣬㻽ɾͺˣʲôѽŮڶߡ
ҶϷ绹ûüػһźҶѾӹȥˣֳʲôˡ
ɺȫûпҶĺִ˴ҶЩڵҶˡ
ԭֳˡ
˵ҶϷҾתҶ⣬Ļؼ˶İҼǵǰʱ춼ģʱһΪΪȴǲŲĵģ㶼ؼˣĻģ
ҶֺһȦ漴ֺ뵽ʲô֪ѾͷһûӵģҿԣС
ͻȻôСƺܱŤ㻹ǾͽɰɡҶ
Ҷպõɫֺһ㣬ǵͷá
֮ŵ⣬ԭлҶ⻤ؾģةڿҶ˵ȻõлҪ˵ʶҶˡ
Ҷɫźֱӵⲻͺǰ˵ô໰Ļ
Ȼֳ֪⣬Ҳûϲ֮ˣǲֳɵĹϵãҲС
лԼһˣοɵľֹ˿죬кֳЩʲôˡ
ȫû뵽ԭ谲ӣǸлԼҶ⡣
̾˿ŵؿҶһۣ漴ҡҡͷ

ʩ

Ҷ⻰ܲŵط˸ۣʵ
ҡҡͷִսҶ⣬ûϸ룬ƺҲֻҸҪһܹһ棬һҽˣҲңЦ֮ˣЩһϡ
Ҷ룺ҲͲˣ㻹ңֳҪòûòҪƷûƷУҪѧʶûѧʶֻЩèֳ֮һָ׸Ƕ㳤úÿ
⻰ҶҲֻ룬Ȼɶ˲⣬Ҳã˵ĻԼʹղõġ
Ҷ룬δҹζ࣬Ȼˣ˵˰ɡ
Ҷ⣺ЩҪ˵֪㷽𣿡˵껹ؿһֳֳר־غȲ衣
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Ҷ궯ĶְֳֺޣһԼС£ӲǸҶϷɶһСĹϵ
ɲ׵ؿʲô˵𣿷ֳӦò°ɡָָҶϷ硣
ҶϷ۵̧ͷһҶ⣬ʹѣԼֵĴײˣôôСһժȥˣ˾Ȼֳˣ֪֮ǰ˭ҪҪͷϱͽֳ֮ģСûĵġ
ȫµֻǵܵܵҶϷΪ
ҶϷޱҪұӣǡҿȥĵطȲ衣
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ԲֳҲ˼ֳκεطҪӣֳҪʲôҶֳȡֳضǣ͸ȥĵط˵ֳٺЩ裬θá
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ЩԣҪٽС
ɲ죬ȴ˵˵ɣţҲġ
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㶼˵ʲô˵ˣҶˣҲΰˣеĸ鶼ֳܹǰСģΨΰˡ
ȴͬĿǵȫҺܶΣλһؼңʲôҶԭ㡣
Ҷ⿴۾ԼˣΣӦõôù
ĻԼˣɺã˵Ѿ˽˵Ҷ⻹˻ǣȴ˵öôվдԼֺαظԼҽڣѡֱЧĻ
ɲ˵ֲʧ䣬ʦ˵ʧ֮ˣּȴ֮٣˵ˣҿɲʧ䣬ôమҺҰˡ
˵꣬ɼᶨҡͷһӵŮģ
ȻҶ߹ɵˣ˼Ҹû˼
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ɱ⻰ˣʲô˼ȫ㲻ϲ𣿡
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ɱһϽҲһ
ЩΪҪѽÿҶҪ񣬶˶ʶôˣǰҲûийѽ
Ҷⱻ⻰׶ЦˣǸǸʦЩ굽׶нЩʲôѽЩھǺܲõģԺעЩҸոǸģԺ˸ʱĪٸ˼һˡ
ɲ죬ҼסˣʦѧϰʶҩҾЩǷˣҲѧʦʦҲѧãЩġ
Ҷ̾˿ø⡣
Ҹղ˵֮ˣҶ⻹˵ס
ûٸҶһͷף˼˵빲֮˲ңˣҲҪˣûɣ
˵껹ƫͷҶ⣬ȷ˵ĻǷ
Ҷ죬ͣɴ˼ģԽԽͲǾ͵ͷ
ΧҶתһȦ񿴵ҶëҪ
벻ȫƣƢ˳ȻϲˣҺáԼСظ˿
ҶĪӦüͷʣҺʲô
񿴰׳һҶһۣ漴СĴ˿
СظҶ˵ʵ˵ɣʵ֪ǸлԼ谲ӵʱҾ͸ҵ˵Ҳ޸ˣҵͬ⣬˵Ǹĸ֮ý֮ԣҪҸദһʱ俴ʵڲϲ㣬ٸ뷨ӣŴģϣҺദܹ顣
˵۾תתֲԶҶϷ绹ר־غȲ裬ͷ͵ú޲굽ȥˣҲûпߣǱˡ
Ҷ⿴ͷԵģ룺ҺҲȢôɵŮΪޣȻ֪ҵͻȻܲ˰չҶֳ֪ã
ҶϷר־غȲ衣
Ҷɶ˵ˣ֪ǽˣõȻˣദʱһҪ˵ǲϲңǧ˵ʣµ취
ɵͷƫͷҶ⣬ѵ㲻֪Ϊλ᲻ϲ㣿
Ҷһ㶣ʲôʵģϲҲϲⲻǽԴϲ
Ҷ⿴һ˵ģ΢һɣԹ˻ӰļŮӣ˵İ취ʲôӰ죬˹׵ŮܹǳԿģȨǲˡ
Ϊβϲң˵Ҷȴûκκı飬Ƥ˶ϱĲλȫûж
ȴûܵģ²Ϊ㲻ҶԷл룬ԶǳģÿЦñȿ޻ѿҲԣղźЦˣЦúܿģʶôã͸ղſЦƢܲãֲҽ˵û˵ˣݾעһĴҽˣҲŲϲġ
˵ҶƵģּһ䣬书ǿıĵҲö˶Ӣֻۣһ˲ϲ㣬롣
Ҷ⻰ůģЩЦֳڲԶ㻹סˣȻɵɵͦɰġ
ģҲģܹҶ֮ҲֻҶЩɬص
ɿģ밲οȴֲ֪ôοʵǺҶϲľôһˣôҶܲģ˵Ҷո˵ǸϲǸˣ
һֱʣϲ˭ǲǺܺã϶ǵģȻôܻϲ
ҶǵĿɬصͷȫ֮ˣ˭ֺ
룺ԭʩ֪ʲôʱҲԳΪһʩ
漴˦˦ͷʱ
ǲǲϲ㣿
ҶûϵɾȻ⣬ǵĻȴ˶֪һףȷʵ֪ҵ⣬һգһﶼֻһ˵ġ
ܾùֵֹģոճȫģᣬֺܡ֣˵ĸо˸оЩ¡
ԭ˭ģҲûʣŶһҿЩˣȥˮȡ˵һ̾ˡ
ҶعľһǳɫӰЩææ뿪ɻ룺õжʲ˿죿

Թ

һ£Ҷ˰ЩӪֵ֮⣬еʱ䶼ҶϷǶҶϷЩɸ֣СôǲأʱӦóʤ׷Ͻ׷ϱʲô
ҶϷãСӶܱȶϱãһµʳסжҶˣҶϷҲĲڵڵϰΪ
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ӻط̣Ҷһ̳Ҷ˵ҶϷȥͣʶҶϷһҲʰҶǰ뿪Ҳ뿪
Ҷⲻ֪һ𣬲㽫ûнĸ鳹
ʱ컹δȫҶϷһ̣ǱҶԶ߽˻Ҫż
ҶϷһ˼·ա
ҶϷʱ磬бߣ˵Ӱü
һȤĵطԶɽԺȱӼ˵£ڽϣŮƹ۰У˲ɵ
ɻĲŮŸЦһƬ·ĳúÿӣ߲һ򣬻оͻź
£ҶϷ´бĪͻȻźӣЩƵģۼһ˵ݳȥеźĹѧźһҹˡ
ҶϷһʱЩ£ĸйصĶվԭء
ʱһʮĸ˿æܹŲԶߴȴ͵͵ЦŵĹһЩСѾͷ̫ˣſҲ֪̰棬һģûС
˲᲻ص˹Ǽ䣬תҶϷ磬Ī֣յĹӱȽֱϲĶʱҲһЩĶʵǹӳ̫ˣܹҵ繫ʵûмʶ˹ӡ
⸾ȫǸЩ￪ѵĻ㻹ҶϷ缸䣬ӦҶϷ˹ЩȴڲỳЩô졣
ҶϷҡͷ޷ǲ֪ӿɷҽЩ֮»мЩʵڲ㣬¹黹λҲΪλл±ˡ
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ҶϷǲ˶ĵطˣܿһЩ˶ĵطżѵߵĬԼĿջ
ҶϷСĴ䣬û򿪷ʱžѾԼˣ¶
֮һ·࣬Ĭº͵Ҳ֮
ҶϷĬУԭΪֻĬһˣ滹һҶϷҲʶ֮ˡ
ҶϷһ£֪ôô͹һȥģԭգһ˭ڴ裬δ㣬Ҳпڸˡ
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ʱ˶Ĭû̸Ĵ㣬ĬĬţȴ⵭ŨĲɡ
ҽˮǰʱҶϷһڣЩ΢ɬڿɬδȫɢȥֻ֮ᴽ㡣
յջ˺áӦ˵ȫ£ҶϷĿ࿴֮⣬ҲֱֻܹҶϷΨһеŵˡ
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ҶϷҪջ֮ǰ˵ۣǷᡣ
лգ޸ˡ
ҲؿһԼĲ豭ˮ
ҶϷ翴ĬһۣĬЩɻ޹񷴿ҶϷ硣
ҶϷҡҡͷûʲôԼܲ˴
˶ˣĬĵضһ䣬֮Ǹ·ҪϢ˵ʲô⣬ȥҽ
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ҲûĬֱӽʳƿĶЩʲôҶϷ粻ĵֽһʳ֮װķó
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ҶϷĬ⻰ȴһ㶣ǰȻɿǵһֱϲ⣬ĬĪ˶ӱ㽫˵·˰ɣ
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Щһ³Եһ¶ԱȣŷûжԱȾû˺仰ǶԵġ
һԵĶҶ⸺ģûУҶȲظιʳ
СƺԼҪ˽ĿζϲãʶʱȫûвϿζĶԽӡ
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ҲѵԽԼⲻڳԷڳԹ⻹ûԾѾˡ
ˣӦÿĬģӦÿԼ

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ڳԱ˹һŵò֮ҶϷϢһ죬㽫˸ϳ⡣
ڶһ磬ҶϷ΢һװ磬һҹģĬͶȥᡣ
ԪҲǴ˼ң˴Ԫֵ˺ܶˣһʱַ֮ǳÿ˿ðĶǡ֮Ҳʫʸ踳ΪĬϯѣȻҲøŸʫ䣬Ūīһ
ҶϷ翴ҲĬһʱЩȵģ²ǲǶѾĸʶѾ˼ˡ
һҶϷûĥЩˣΪ˴ҪŪԪѪһаʲôɫ
ʱҶϷ绹ھǣ¥㴫Ϣ˵Ԫغ챦ͼͼ
Ѫһǿ챦ͼĹؼȻ¥ʹֶΣȴԪҺ챦ͼİϢ̲ţ˵ҵ챦ͼˡ
ҶϷĬί֮һգԪҸѪжٹϵǷк챦ͼ
Ѫͺ챦ͼģǰĺ챦ͼѪһȻŵѪһˣҲҶϷĸ֮󣬺챦ͼͲټȻʱȴԪңǷҥԣԪ뵱׵϶Ѳ˸ϵ
ĸϺҶϷ֪챦ͼѪĹϵǰôãȴ챦ͼֶû˵Ȼ֣δɺϡ
ҶϷ罫ģǵ֮پǷľ˵
Ϊһ챦ͼĸһʧȥ˻֣ջڳޡ˼ӡ˼ıʹУҶϷһҲ֪֪֮ʲô
ڴˣҶϷӳ֮ǰͬԺϦദһ£ϵ˵ǺܺãҲʶҶϷ⻰ʱǷҡ
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ҶϷ磺Ҳһ䣬бҪ˶
ҶϷ簵Է̰ȴûҼƽϣҪƽҲƽϲңϾСʱ֪ɵװɵһĻ˵ðһûһ
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ʶģҵƷʲô´½㣬һʾȴ˵˸̾䡣
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̱һλܲһ㡣İ֮ɫ̱䲻ҶϷ綼֪ĬôͿ̱ġ
ĬʱҲǰҶϷԵҲˣ֮ǰ֮ЩŮϲ޶ãճŮʱǱ֮ЫһȶΪŮûȤ
ҶϷɵؿĬͶˣԭ˻֪Ͷ·¡
ĬҶϷӵضҲعζæͣģ⼸ʱ䶼ڿջ㣬ûʱȥͷ͹ٵϵţû˼ֻ㵽ʱܹ飬ð֮֮¡
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ˣհװ׿һЦҲܳԿǣ˵˵ǵĹϵչһˣҲϹ˵Ҫȡء
ҶϷ˵߲ߣ˵ҲͣĴСպÿǡܹķΧڣ˵üͷҲص̤Ԫͽ⻰ɫ֮ˡ
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ҶϷպ˽һ£һһ
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ʱŸ߸ߵβһһɾװԵţŮȣһӢ
ҪǣҶϷҶϷôŮ֮󣬾ģûЩֵֹױݣһúܺÿƢҲĺҶϷθڣҶϷһҵŮĸо
ҶϷʱ룬ŮӹһĹ⾰ҲóӢӦöҲûиоģȻΪŮӦǲմôʱġ
գҶϷڴԪõһЩ챦ͼϢһϣһҹû˯ڶʱѾˣʱ⴫ҶϷ绹ΪǶңûЩ֣ôϾ
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ѾոҲסڿջҶϷԱߵĬ常ڸг֪̱Ҫʲô
⼸ߵҾ̱һҲˣȴһ仰˵ȫǵѹҶϷɵúΪʲôҪǷΪһ仰͸̯ˡ
ռҺȻ֮ң˵㣬ȫϹŶô̵ĸ飬Ҷ˵û˵ɴƽʱһЩϸϿҲ̫ͣͥѽָ飬ȴΪԸίԷѡ̹ס
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ҶϷ粻鲻ԸصһԵȡ
󣬲Ŵţ˺ȴ˵һΪ˴ʱһɫװȻԼطΣٲȻһģҶϷ绹һۿˣһŮӣӢŮӡ
ϹǣҶϷ粻ؿ漴뵽ʲôϽһԼװǷ룬Żܹ˵ģҶϷ˿Ӣݡ
ӢȴҡҡͷҶӵģٹþһִ֮ʱЩȥʶҾ̣ǡ
˵գҶϷ繰֣ͷҲصˣɴҶϷ˵ʲôûü˵

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ϰϰ֦ϵ֦Ҷؽڵϣӭȴز档
գȷһǰôˣӦ˰ɣӣӦò㱻׷ɱôû֡
Һݺݵһۿֲ´󣬻˵˵𾢵ҶϷһۣ˵
ʱ˵Ļһֶֻù
һ常ڼҶΪһ˽常ԭѾɳڵ̬ȴǿӲⲻԼԼ𣿻Щ׷ɱǵ˾ġ
ҶϷ̼Ŷңò˵ûûεӸ
뵽ҶϷŷֶԷѾܾûидˣǰдһëƤС£ĻûôʱûаŵġѲ汻ɱˣ
Ҳ֪ҶϷ뷨ôѾܹҶϷ⿴ֲ´ҶϷԭĿĻǺõģеⶼһһ˵˶û취
죬ҶûȤĿǰسҶϷһɤӡ
ҶϷʼ磬ˡ
ҲҼˣϾҿǵһҽˣǲסѣԼ֪ΪʲôԵ޹ʵľ˽ˮȥˣܲķŶһﲻܣɱ
ҶϷ綼֪ΪβúôգƫҪܳȥҺ챦ͼϢģûʱ̸˵
ǰһС׼ڴϢһĬ
ҲҺȥ黹Խ¥ȥȻĿǰĽȣµ˼ѪҲֻܸɿŲܷ
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ҶϷ翴ҶʱѾһ˵ˣ˵Ǳ˵԰ס
ʱҲҶϷ绳ʱҲһ
ɫ԰ף촽ѵöԿѿǳƣͷǿ׳ߴ󣬴ʱһͰҶϷ绳ȻһҲΥ͡
ٿԱƥɫ˵һƥ۾ë˳ߴͣɴʱȴȻβͨ۾Լƣʲô˾ʲô
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ҽƥ׵֮󣬲ҶϷķ䣬ͿҶϷڴҲ֪ʲôʱֲ֡
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ҵİ֮˲ȼ⼸ĳ嵭˲١
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ֳҶһ֮ƽƽػһҲ˵
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ҶϷҶͺûƵģͻȻʧȥǰ˲䶴ֳһеǿҶϷķŭ
ӦǣҶϷ绹ŭǲνƤպסЩǵصķŭ
ҶһûǰƵġ
ҶϷ翴þ뽫뻹ڵϡ
࣬𣿡
Ҷ̧ĵһƤӣƽصҵϣˡƾþòõıؾӾľ㣬ءɳƣǱ˪Ϯ,䲻įԱ
ҲʶԼ죬ٲ˵
ҶϷ绳Լˣ֮ǰЩǹϤʹֲ֪ͷķҡ
ҿ϶ϱһǷҶСӺܶܶǮҶϷŵһƲزˣʼʡԼˣΪʲôᵼ½ľ档
Ѳɻι㣿ҶϷε̾һ
Ҷ⿴һЭ˵ҶϷ磬һŵԲ¡
ҶϷ汻Цˡ
˵ʲôԲ£ٸ˵һ飿㿴ӣҶ⣬Ҹ㣬ԵµóԣԲҲóԣ轫ԼŪ⸱ӣΪţӸ㣬ˡӲĸִˣ֮㲻Ҳóԡ
ҶϷϨ˵ŭֱҶ仰ȼˣֻ۾ðˣҧгݵ޲ܽǰðϧԼĻ˶˺ҧ̽
ҲΪʲôͻȻͱˣҶ֮˵һЩûû뵽ǣҶֿ֮ھȻ˳ڣǰҲû˵ɣҶ⡱ܶ졣
Ҷ뵽ԼЩĪ˼ת뵽Ϣ˵ֳһζһмӵģԼҪˡ
ķŭ˾ʱƽʱõдʫⲻκʹָожжʹ࣬ٻڶ顣
һԲˡҶͷŬԼҪͣеķ;κ˶ĵط춼һֱֱߡ
ҶϷ㶣ڷӦԼЩʲôҶûģȻûע⵽
Ǹι㡣ҶϷЩ飬ޱ鵽
Ҷⲻ˵
ҶϷҪղŵĴһƵģϸϸؽവãһ£ֲĵ¶ȣ¶Ȼԣǲ͵Ҷߡ
Ҷ۾һգըؿߵ࣬ڵŨûī֭
ðſ죬̽
һһͼˡ
ҿҶ֮ĵһ䣺ɻҪٳЩǿǵܵҡҡͷҲ˵
ҶϷƢؽϣֵһˮӦǷһĶȥõܵǰһ׵ιܵܺꡣ
ôķչȻˡ
˵õĵֳܵܽϳŶԴأ˵õֵˮݵأΪʲôҶ֮ϻΡۡԼԶƳ̾Ϣأ
ЩʶǸҶֵ֮
ҶιȺ֮ҶϷѾϨ˻Ҷ˯ٺúø̸һ̸ܸоÿһηֱټ֮ҶͻһηֱʱкܴĲͬҶϷȵ
ŭΪҶѧᰮϧԼʹͬΪҶⲻᰮϧԼ
ĵܵܣֲĵܵܣΨһϵ֪ҪаȫУٻûʧ
ҶⲻԴȪ֪ΪʲôҪԼŪǱҲҪ˵տʼʱֻǷʱֻʣۡ
úϢһһֱʱĵһŵ
Ҷͷɵ£һ˯ˡ
һֱαԵĶҵʱֵ֪׷ʲô̱һſһԿϷ
ҶϷ罫ԼܵܰúˣſһȻ̱ĶңΪʲô
Ҽ̱ҶϷһۣɻޱ̤ӵķš
ҶϷ粻֪ҪʲôҲҪ֪Ҫ֪ܵܵҪʲôһ̶ܵˡ
ǰΪ⣬ŷ֣Ƕƨ
ҶϷѾȥˣСҪ˱īֽ⣬ֵܿܳһгһ
Ҷ⻹ûǱ߶Ĭ
Ĭһ̱ϾȻسЦݣҶϷûȥ٩ңʱѾķ꣬Ҷﶼ⡣
޲ܻصǰȥ޶ѧ֮ѧƣҲһڣǰԸഺڵЩҶȫòϡ
Ĭʱ򿴵ľҶϷüͷӱ߳˼ģ
֮ôˣ
ĬԶºʵģ֮ʱǷյ֡
ҶϷƣ̫Ѩ³һŵ޷оһºӵ⡣
Ĭһ۴֮ˣֻҲó֮˱ҶϷߴ׳ʵ٣Ҳ֪ҶϷ˵ġӡǲָλ
ǰɣӶ˵ЩпƶϳĬǺҶ֮ĺ̾մ̻ĶҶ֮ϣ벻оһºӵ⡱㸻ϢĻܹҶ֮˵
ĬһŵӰںãӻͳ˲֮һŵӲɾʣ֮оڣ
ҶϷѾóЦĬֻĬҡҡͷ
кǿ԰æģ֮˵
ҶϷ̫Ѩ֣ϣŵ˭˿ģȻЩʱΪҶܵ˺δȥ㣬ǵһֲر֮£ǲϰȫرġ
ĬºһЦ֣صسҶϷҾл֮ʱյչˡ
ҶϷνذڰ֡
Ǻ֮Ϊʾ֭ȴȻüģѵе٩Ҷ֮ĻᣬĬľûװ״ǰߡ
ҶϷ粻۹Լҵܵ˵⣬ֱת˻⡣
ʱ֮ͬˣ
˵⣬ĬϻŵЦҲʧˣҵҲŽ
常ûͬ⣬̬Ѿû֮ǰôǿӲˡ˵գתŶҵ۾֣صģһֱ常ͬΪֹ
һֱû˵˰ʣһֱͬ⣬Σ
ĬĬһ£֪һ޿ɱܣ˵ˣȴûһõĴ𰸡
ԲһżŬ˵常常Բͬ⣬ȷʵΣҴӦһһֱ㣬һˣԡ԰գ˵Ѿץһȥˡ
ҳĬһ£֪ѾĿǰΪֹõĴˣʶû˵ֻױʾԼ֪ˡ
ңΪҸҶ֮뿪Щ׷ɱҵ˭
Ĭ˶٣λظ˵ռ֮ƣлЩе˼֪˵飬϶취Щ¡
֮Ҹʱ뵽֮æչ㣬֮ı£ܻȫһڳУ֮ʱã֮ˣûйһţҲģ֮㣬ˣҸЩ
׷ɱЩˣӦеĳЩˣģһɽġ
ףתҶϷ磬Ҷ֮ң㲻˽ˣ
Ĭһ£ұı飬ֿҶϷı飬µҶϷΪöҿ˵Щʲôڱء
Ĭ˹ؼץ˶ҵּ֣ᶨҡͷ¡
ҶϷ⧲ԱֳһعˣתͷȥҶûС
ãһһ
ҶϢ۾ǣ۾ץһһ
ҶϷͻȻЩ֪νǰ
ĬһҶϷ绹ߵҶⴲߡ
оˣ
ֱҶϷżǱ˵ķ䣬ﻹһʶڣվһԳҶķ˵ͷŵȴûɿ
ҶҲ˵ķͷŴӴۼֿҶϷϽȥ
ֳģû¡ƻҶϷֻֻǴϾ˸ո˯ѣЩҲʵ
˱áҶϷ翴Ҷ⿴ĬͶҵķ
ĬͶ˺ʶȤؿ߳˷䣬еĿռֵܡ
磬ʲôϵ

ȥ

ҶϷҶ⣬뷭ۣסˡ
ҶϷ磺룬ӦǷϵ
򡭡ϵҶһʣò˵İĪ
ҶϷΪʲô˼ǽ͵һһŮһǷޣеһȻǷˡ
Ҷǿѹסĵϲã̽ʵֳǵĹϵο
ҶϷ翴СӣҲֻǶֹϵĲģʶܹҵһమ֮˱ͲףҵȻҪúϧŮкιϵĹϵˣ㲻ǣٲҪԱָֻţΪ˼ûκεط㡣
ҶϷϰԵؿʼ˵̣ؿҶһۡ
Ҷ΢΢ЦţӲЩҶϷ˵̧꣬۾濴ҶϷ磬ΪЩ·ڱϣʶ˵ⷬǼ·ԼϣҲȻ롣
ҶϷɻؿʲô˼¸ͻȻ
Ҷⰵ˿ʲô㣬˼ǣһֳֳȻ̬𣿡
ƺֳˣҶϷ绹ΪĸеִˣЩɵصͷšȴɵò²⣬ѲСӿĬͶҹϵΪᱻӰ죬ԺҲȥһеģǲĵҶ͵ıˣ
Ҷ۾ðҫ۵ˣҶϷȴΪ±ǿᣬϽͣģ˵ˣ鲻ᷢϣΪҲϲϱˡ
ҶϷıҶˣȫû뵽ܵôģ
ӶҶӡһֱͣҶհ׵ҶⷢЩĶǵ£룬һҶͦôһľˡ
˵ѾΪĲˣҶ̳ģô
ҶȴûбοǷʵֳ˵㲻ϲϱˣѲֳѾϲ֮ˣ
Ҷ׷֮Ǳˣô˵仰֮ų̶ȣһӦ϶ǡûпԼҶĵһӦȴǡλŮ
ҶϷЩصͷҪοҶ⣬תһ룬־ԼͨΪֳһӣһ죬ǶԼļͥ
֪˭ҶɲģֻҪǸ֣Ϳһ¡
ҶϷ类ҶһֻҶ۾ͻȻðѪƱѪסˣ˫鶯Բ۾ʧȥӦеĹ
ҶϷͻȻˣæִҶļϣСӵ嶼ӲˡҶϷ˲ͺô͸Ҷ˵ҲӦʱ׼ǡ
ΣԶҪ֮ˣκ˶ȡеλá
Ҷ۾ҶϷ磬ͻȻԼܿЦҲȷʵЦЦᶼˣЦȴȻûֹͣ
ҶЦģҶϷȴЦ̫ˣǿԺһ֪ҶЦľҶϷĺƱһֻֽ֪קסս
Ҫ֮ˣֳ֪Ҫ֮˵ġλŮһһ伫϶Ļ
ҶͻȻսҶϷ磬ɫȸտʼʱ˺ܶ࣬˯⽫ʱЧġ
ҶϷ粻֪⵽Ҫʲô𰸣˵ͷǳ˾ӢʵҶô֪ģȴôʳڡ
ҶϷɬ۾ѾʱҶͷҲʱĵƸǰİ׳Ტۣʱ䳤ˣ۾ܵý
ҶⲻҪĲݵģҶϷǿס꣬ΪҪ֮ˣۺʱҶϵֻҪڣҾܸоԼ磬ֻҪҪģֻҪܸģҶ
Ҷƺû뵽ܹĴ𰸣һعɫ˲٣ȴȻûаݵĴ㣬ٲΪֳָҪΪӢɷûܾͳΪĳҶСĸף뵽Ǹ棬;ԼѾˡ
Ҷ⣺ֳ˵Щ̫ãֳоκνҪֳ֪Ҷ'Ҫ֮'⣿ңԲӢֳκιϸ𡣡һ伸Ǻģȴ˲ò˵
ҶϷһɨգæͷȵشһ֣š˲ҶǾ仰֮ǽҶ⣬ģԺ
ҶҲ䵭̬ȣٶ̧۾ҶϷ硣
֪ΪΣҶϷоСӿԼĿˣǰСӵƲܣһȴ̹̹طǰ¶ǵЩ¡
û¶ǡôأ¶һֵǾǸЦ
Ҷ⣺ΪҪ֮ˣۺʱڶԷߣһӲ룬һϲŭ֣㾡УֻΪܹóԸƽ˳𡣡ڡһӡ
ҶϷôôԾܵؾԼܽ⻰㳶ǸЦһ£ɰͰ͵ȷʵ˵Ҳе
Ҷȴ񣬷زʲôȥأ
ԣֳ֪ҪʲôҲоҵˣֳ֪ʲôֱңҲôҹҪҹоҵ⡣
⿴Ʒǳһ仰ŵҶϷǲҿʡ֮ǰ֪飬ȴʲڣԼоĪ
ãʱɫȥ˯ˡŶˣѣȥ˸ЩԵҺҶϷ缫Լֱתƻ⡣
Ҷȴ֣΢Цŵ鷳ôˣջӦöѾ˯ˣֳϴ˯ɣֳӦûʱȥķ䣬һϻоҵɡ
⻰˵ô󷽷ҶϷȴƱƵģ˦Ҷ֡һ˽Լ֮ʱͺܲãʲôһۿҶϷ練ضûС
Ҷ޹ؿҶϷ磬һ˵ģҶϷ硣
ҶϷ翴һֱۣתͷȥҳԵġ
Ҷ룬ǸҶϷ绺һʱ䣬Ҳߡ
ãȷʵǶˣǼҪ˯ϣ㣬ȻҶιȥ۵Ļ㡣
ҶϷ⻰Ųһ£ıһѻȴ޴ɷţһؿڣĴײ
ֻÿƵؼ߳ţߵſʱһ£ˤҺӵ߿ҶϷһʱðµ뷨
ʱ飬ҶЩ⡱Ѿģģһ𰸣ɺֻҪͱƣǾͲΪ̫ս񾭣ͷƤ飬һƬ״ȫܾĴ𰸵ġ

㣬

ҶϷڳæ˰죬Ŷһ̤䡣
ʱǷǳܾ̤䷿ģܲĿҶιȥɣҹģҪһ˰æͳԵĶԵôѡ
档ҶϷ綼ûʶԼ˿̵ôӲ
ҶڴϣؿһҶϷ硣
̧˵Ͱ͵ؿҶϷ磬ҶϷ翴װŬֱ̧ۣȴܿشȥ
ҶϷ类Цˣ˵Բԡ
ҶϷΪҶܻƤظţϾСӴС˳Ÿ飬û뵽˼ֻǴ˴ۣü˳۵Ŭ̧֣ÿӡ
˫еּ񣬼ֵȻҶϷ翴ҶֱӽƽطϣǼƷ·Ҫȥץ
ҶϷ綼ûӦͿ˼Ѿץ˼Ҳ̵ָ֪ûУޱؽ
ҶϷоԼҪٺҶȥһ÷
Ѹץӣգ۱㽫Ҷ̳Ȼһ棬ֱҶˣʡġ
ǿޱģҶϷһ潫ˣʹĻԼ
硣ڽһ֮Ҷп϶ʱ˵ˣ㽫Ҷҭ
ҶϷڲҶκװԼʲôû̧űҪ߳䡣
㣬磬Ҳκ㡣
⻰˵÷ǳƶҶϷоһֱͷǰѵվˡ
ͣ½Ų۾һ鿴ûκβﻹصˡ
Ĳ²ˣȻԸܣȴܱ֮ǰͷһֱһѽҪʱʱǰѽ᲻á
硣ҶⲻؿǸӰĽǶȿҶϷκα飬ֳϾʵı飬ɣ̲ȥˡ
˴ΣҪôٲҪô
ֳ֪ò˼飬Խܣŭ𾪣һ쵰ֳֻΪŪ˶ĸ飬ҪȰҷȻҲ޲ܴӴûܵܡ
Ȼǣң㣬ʮ꿪ʼʱҷֶĸʱҷˣʮʱҾȥһߣԶˣ˼Ҳ͵ˣθҲ͹ȥˣ˭Ҳ֪뿪
Ư࣬ΪҵĸʱŶ䵭һһĵܵվǰȻǸ
ʵϣ鷴ǱľƣԽԽŨĮǵݻʱҲŷ֣ԭôһУڿһ˲ѾȻ̮һۣ綼ʼҡҡ׹
ѡԼĸ飬һҪȫֳ˭మģҪһݣ׷ֱֳֳӦΪֹ
ƽƽθҲˣôĿ赭дһ仰ȥˣҶϷûв⼸ľҲôĸˡ
ʱޱȺڣʱΪʲôҪȥҶЩ궼Щʲôأ
ҶϷתϣıһֱǵģ˵ƵҲΪҶθ޹أڶúܲϸ
ˣŻ֣ᷢӵֱϣԼ㣬һð
ⱲӶӦΣҶϷƽؿҶ⣬ʡ
Ҷ㲻ҶϷڵһ׶ûУˣƸ۲õѡҪģֳľġ
ڻؾ֮ǰ㲻ӦҴΣǽֳһֻԶһ𣬲ֳ϶᲻ģơ
취вͨǲһֱֳߣֳ֮ͨͨɱ϶ֳܲ
ҶûֳŹѾԽԽڣڼƽ赭д˵Ĵ㣬˿֪˵Щж񾭲
ȻֳģҲ㲻Ҿ룬ɴһɽˮĵطȻǿֳϵͲᶪˣҲȷᷢʲôֳ֪᲻ʲô⣬Ϊ֮ǰһŮһܰǿȺǸŮͷˣֻΪǸһʮˣŮúܶģʵǸ˺ܰǸŮɱŮǰ
ҲȷֳܹңҲУ˭ֳ֪᲻ὫñǸ˻ġ
˵Ҷƽ¶һԳֳּңȴ֣ǧķȴûһЧķֳܹңֻһգȴҲΣգǾǶֳô򡣡
ԭ֮ǰҲ˴ģֳ˵֮ʱҲŷ֣޴ģҲɱģ̳ƣֳģôֻ֮꣬˲֪ڵô꣬ǱøˣѾһ̳ˮ
Ѿƽƽһ˿
ҶϷ֮ؿںƱôӰ봸봸شͻȻ˶ˣþò
ͻȻ֮İʹԭˣֻгʱڵлڸ質תԹ廳Ѿʧȥ졣
ȻѾˣ֪֪ʲôҪģô죿
ҶϷͻȻԳһЦоۣڶɢģһθоۣһ޼ʵУҪҲ棬ֻ˲ȥһѶޡ
ҶϷ磺֮ǰȫʲô
ҶϷоǹٵģܵϲֳѪľ龹Ȼϡ
֪һʵ磬ȴɵΪֻһ飬һֱΪֻŮһ𣬴Ӷ֮ǰҵָܵ˼ҵܵܵĲһҶϷ޲ܴԼ
ҶⲻؿҶϷ磬ţ
ҶϷ̱һ'ȫ'֣Ҫȫ˭
ҶϷֻǺõܵҧ촽¾ǲ˵
ҶϷ绹治֪ʲôȸֳ»ݵģʱʧһ֡
Ǹ˾͸Ͻ˵һҪ˯
ҶϷоԼŵѾҪﲻסˣһֱŵĵܵϲ̫ˣ룬һֻһΣ
Ҷб۾ֳһۣűŤŤ֮ǰȥ¥ȥ㣬㱧λ劏֮Ǿһ룬˼ҶҵˣʱСɵͻȻЩ󣬾żȻҺβȫ㣿֣һҪ롣
ҶϷоıһ£ԼȴΪȫоƵ 
ҶϷģɴ˵Ļһʱ˵ڣҶǧҳߵɣΨû뵽ԵʣֳûͦʧܵģԼĵܵܰԼΪԼԾ˿
ҶϷ緢ģҲˡ
Ҳ룬һùлԼԼЩʲô֮ĸǲܵġҶϷƽ˵ⷬƽûκء
ҶϷ籾ΪҶЩķӦһ£߻ųʲôݻû뵽˼ֻǡŶһȻԹԵ˵ֳصģѾ˵ˣǵĻԼѾȡˣֳ뵣ģҲԲ£ҵĸֳǷܣǲܿǵġ
ҶϷüΪʲôɵĻԼôͻȻȡˡ
ǻԼʱȡģΪҲ֪
ӦþǰհɣֳھǣȻ֪οϢҲط
ҶϷ汻Цˣﻹ׵ģСҪǿ˻˼
ˣɲʲô˵׮˵ġҶϷоͷͻͻôţܿԷֵһЩ޷״ĸ֮ԡ
ֳģȥ˻飬ΣŮǻģʶȥ˻ġ
ҶϷ翴һƶģʣ㶼Щʲô
ֻҶ޹ʲôֻʦһⱲӶԵӲ񣬾˵ܹסҵŮûȢףһԷܾͿסֶȥҥԣమŮУ϶ȥԼ
ҶϷѾûˣ֮ǰûųء
ҶϷ磺ʦ֣

ȥ

ҶϷҲǺ֪ĵܵôֱ࣬Ӹʦ˵һ䡰ϲˡʦûɾܾ
ѾҶϲˡ⴫ˣȻ⣬ڵﵱѡ
ҶϷǺ޲һƽҶĳȥ
Ҳ֪ʲôˣ˵ˣѾæŶæýͷöʹĻʵҲŭʧǣڷҶɡ
ҶϷоԼĺӣԱ˺ݣԼݣһ·Լ¡
ҪŭҪĶϽȥ˵һᣬ޲ȥֻϣܹԼһء
ֽźȫʹƵģ̧׷ףһеĸԴûҶһЩҲᷢ
ͻȻͷҶϷֽ˲û˵
ֳⷬҪҴˣҶƤЦشյҶϷǰ۾ůɫĵƹڷ⣬עţȫ硣
ҶϷԼϹˣȻԼҶеȫ硣
ҶϷƫͷʵѵ㹻Ҵ𣿡
ҶϷֻ˼ЦüģΪܣΪٵһûֳֳ֤Ҳǰҵġ
ҶϷֱֱЦˣֻǺǺԼĲΪȻ
ֳϴ˯ɣҹ岻áҶӺۣϧҶϷ֮ëˡ
áҶϷӲ
ҶЦյҶϷǰѲֳҶЩʲô
ҶϷһûԼĶǲǳˣôħõĻȻԼ۰ĵܵܿ˵˵Լ
ҶϷ룬ⲻģǾԼˣģˡ
ҶϷʿˮüͷ˵һո˵Ļ
Ҷ⿴ɫãҪƵģҲ֪㵽ΪֹܵøֳһӦʱ䡣
ʲ˵ʲôˣֳ棬оֳ˯ɡ
ҶϷ绹ûü˵ܾĻͱҶŹ˴ϣ֪Ҷ־Ȼ˴󣬴ôû
ǰǸǸԼСƨĳˣѾҪֳˡ
ҶϷҲˣҶǿ˴մͷ̳˯ȥҶɵ۾˯š
˯ŵҶΪ˸ԼЩСȤȥҶϷֶԷûӦ治һֳ˵ָܻбеĺá
˯֮޷ҶðһҸݣֳӲ˵ŵʱɿԼ֪ʵ޷֮ô˯ȥ
Ҷ˲оǰ;һƬ˿ָĦҶϷ촽ҶϷ绹ûκηӦǵҲˣڻǵŴζ
̽ҶϷ棬ɢһ¹⣬˼ҹֻŴͣһ£ͱԼ뿪ĵطԼշű۾˯ȥ
ҶϷȫ֪ĺõܵ˯֮ʲôʶЩѵʱģȻҶôĵӣǸҶӾǸӣĻ˵ĳʲôôģҶϷ粻ȷ
ֻ˯֮ŵϤζȻȻؾиˡ
ʱ޲ԼһƣȻҶһҲ١
ҶϷԥһƴҶ첲ϣ۾ͿҶĿʵϺЦؿҶϷ統һƤ
Ҫǣ޷ڱܵܵ˻һֻֻ˼ϣƺǹ죬ֵ֮֮˯ʱеƣʲôƣҶϷԶȥǸ𰸡
ҶϷֺֻƱ˰㣬ѸԶҶ⣬ͬʱ˲ŲŲŸҶһơ
Ҷǳίɳίίһ硣
СҶϷܲ˼Һ磬ǰСӾ;ڷʱС硱ʱƺʱĵطͺһ£ҶⲻôƺˣȻֿʼˡ
ֻҶϷƺʱ鲢ûк˲о󱳶˱һ㺹Ƥһأ}ûš
ҶϷ´ŭһֵۿҶ⶯Ҳָſڵȥ
һҶⶼûжֻһֱͷҲ֪ʲôҶϷʲôָָŵķ
ǿ챻ҶƷˡ
ֱҶϷоֶ̧ˣſҶ̧ͷһ˧ʵЦݣӴ·黹
ҶϷ񾭶룺Ǽ˹ˣСĪǱɵˣ
ƿҶϷĲ⣬Ҷ⻹ƽؽͣشȥӰ첻ãҴ·ȻǻЩֻҲˣá
ҶϷ綥ŵʺţ˵ʲô˵Ļһޱ㡣
ֻҶ̻һЦݣӦõġ
ҶϷüͷܸоⲨܲԾɾﲻԾҲ˵ֻ쿴Ҷ˹ش·

޹ϵ

Ҷ⴩·ҶϷ΢˿
û꣬һûעͱҶⰴ˴ϣȻһ±ƵؿҶϹһȦٿ˼Ϊίؾգһ۾ڵŲŲűߡ
ҶϷֱҶߵű˲ŴӡôˡıзӦҧгݵҶ⣬վס
ҶϷֻԭƶñţӰಡһ¾ʹܵǰһڴؿһŭҶϷ졣
磬ôˣѵ
ҶϷ仰һ䣬ѵƨ
㺦ˡҶƲɫƵģȵıƳʲô˵ĴƵġ
ҶϷ˦һ仰졣һҶ⣬Լƽѱ˿籩ꡣ
ҶϷ磺£̸̸
Ҷ⿴һҶϷ磬ֳ˴ϣҲ˵ͿҶϷ硣
Ŀ¶ȴ̹̹ǹĿ⿴ҶϷˣӶѡ
㣬һܵܵദԱ˵
Ҷ룬ֳ˻ӦòǶѡһɣҿɷ߽һΪҵĴ𰸡
ҶϷƳһۣأ
Ҷͷˡ֮ǰ˵Ҵ˴λҪȫֳమģǻһ˵׷֮
ҶϷüͷ仰ۺ˵ĸܿ϶죬һֱܵܵҶ˵Щʱֹȴѻ֮ȥ
֣֮ǰûоһӱ˵˵˵ĸо˹졣
ҶϷһʱʧﲻԣ˺һŵ˵ǲֳˡĿҶ⡣
ҶⲻŲæ˵֪ԼҪʲôҪôҪôûеڶӻ
ѪԵϵҵֳ
Ҷ⻰˵øɰͰ͵ģûѪԵϵӣ㷢Լϲһˣֺܵǵȷɳĵطȥһࡣ
ҶϷ˳ĬԭЦ΢΢ǴʱҲһֱߡ
ǲֵأ㻹ʸϲңߣлϲ㣿ҶϷһֱҶ⣬Ҷκһ΢С顣
ֻҶ죬˵ʲôȴֱ죬۾ҧһ촽ֱѪҶϷ翴ûۡ
ҶϷҪ֮ԨȴһϹۡ
ڣѪҶۣ·
ҶϷһֱŵֺͻȻʧȥ
ҶϷ磺Ҹһ£ʵûѪԵϵûһ֮ĶԹİ˶㲻ϣǰ㣬Ϊҵܵܣ˲뷨¸ĸ֪ȥ֤µ٣Ӵ֮޹ϵ
ҶϷ翴Ҷɫ˲任Σ֮ãȻ֮Լ𾪵ȵȱ飬ҶϷĥ
ֻҶҭ˿ڿˮ޻
ҶϷҲż;ŵϢ
ԭ˶ãȻҶ£ҶϷҲֻҶ⣬Ҷ룬Ѿܹܵˡ
ԴҶһ֮ȥϸ£ϴֱӽԼ˯ˡȻ˵̫ѷˣһķ񣬿ѾܸҶõ̬ȡ
һֱҶ⵱һ˵ܵܣʵӲ࣬ԼӡҳʱΪϲһˣǸ˻ԼʱסûԽТӴֱ֮Ϳ˵жá
ҿ϶ĳһĶĳ˲ȤҲԼҶ⣬ϣ쵶նǽҶ鷳Ψһ
Ҷ⽫ҶϷûѪԵϵϢ֮ع¶һ׵ݣˣһ㲻/ˡ˵գ۵ؿҶϷϡ
ҶϷֱһĹȥɫֵܣҲû/׵ĻᡣҴСųģȻҵܵܣҶĸ븸׶ԶӵûжɼļҸ׻Ӳ뷨ʶȰЩ뷨Ͻ
Ҷ⻰ǿװЦݣЦһһǵһμֻĸӣҲ˵Ҫھͽҵĸ飬ң㲻úܿЦ𣿻˵Ҹõɶмң
ֻǰһˣǸǡҵֳʲôֳܸң
ҶϷ粻ֱ̿е۾ǰʲôأʲôҲû
ҶϷ粻˵¿Ҷǳ˾۾ģһʲôԿ˧¶ֻн֮˲ŻеĻҰ֮ɫ۾
ҶûдôҶϷʣôЩ꣬Լ뵽ģĶҶ⡣
Ҷ⣬հ׵꣬νҲǡ꣬ҶΣΣҶԵĿҲɵġ
һֱĬͶˬ¥Էʱ˶û˵һ仰
Ĭ쵽ֵ֮Ƶգһʱ֮Ҳ֪νյҶϷһȫӢ¼ˣʱ֪ǰ֮ǳȫˣ֮飬ʱʱһЩҶ̵顣
ˣ֮ղûие̫
˳Ծֵ˵ദģʽֱĬͶһһ㶵ġ
ֻҶɫظҶ֮꣬ϸز룬ҲҶʢģҶ⶯ظҶ֮вˣȻҶ֮ҲʱʱҶмӲˣֻҶ֮ҶĲҶ֮ǰһĲ˱Щ
ЩӦ֮ǰѾ飬ʹ˳ˣЩϰȴûиı䡣
֮󣬾ȻзֻҶӻóһ׵ɫصݸҶ֮ͼҶ֮ȻؽӹǿȻһ죬ҶȻȻشҶ֮нӹǿֱԼĨһ¾£ֻҶ֪֮뵽ʲôɫŹֲѣĬΪҶ֮Ҫȥǿ
̣Ҷ֮ʶģÿӦܵսܵܵźʱ֪ǺԭĬĬؽź
ֱˢĬͶҶҶ֮ʶҶ֮˽󰡣һ߸ɰķһ߲ɫؼ͵ֵܶ˹ദģʽ
ԲСʱܱܵҶ֮ĵļһ۸İ汾γǵദģʽ
Ҷ֮ǵһܵܣǵһĵ˲ǰɣС˶ûз̵ôܵġ
ĬͶﶼɵЩԼҲһܵܡ
Թ緹ĬҶϷǷҪ·ҶϷ翴һɫҶһۣϡطʰȥˡ
ҶʱᣬĬGһɻ󣬲ֿ֪ɷΪ𣿡
ĬͶҶתͷֵܶ˿泳ˣȻΪβȥҶ֮
ĬһЦG뽲
Ҷ⣺֪Ǵ˴θ·ȥδ
δĬڣҾͽ˹Ҷ֮ûҪȥδ׷ģҿɲʲôɺϣɺܴӪ׷
ҶĲǺܺã֪ҶϷѣˣҲסƢзҵֳָ֪·ĿĵΪδ
ĬҲûж룬佻ǡ
Ҷ룺ȻˣΪλҪŲʵʵϣأֳѾȥλŮ˰ɣ
ĬֻҶлͷҲصˣɢһŨϢ֪һ佻ľҶⲻˡ
ʱĬ䣬Ҳȥʰɡ
Ĭ˲ջطҶϵĿ⣬һЦֱŶҵ֡
ҶϷص˵ʰʵĶڰˣûʲôҪʰģҶһֻһ˻˷䡣
漴Ҷ⻹ûԻϴҶһ·Ҳ֪˶ãʱˣ·ģֻҶİСЩ·ҶϾͶһء
ҶϷ̾˿ţ׼ȥҶ·
ϱǷġ
ҶϷʱһ֮Ҷһվűߣŷŭִ֣ɵñһ

Ҳ

ҶϷ粻ɵüͷڴ
ֻҶһ˫ȼŷŭ۾̵ֳȲȥλϹȴִֹؿҶϷ磬ֳҪȥλϹֱɱҡ
ֻóһذףҶϸ˿еȴȴڻǰذȴ̫ˣӦ˵һģһ
ҶϷûжҶʮֳ劏ãҾˣ꣬ݻֳʱȻǿŵҸȼҾһֳ̣֪жţ
룬ֳѾʮˣӦöᵽ˰ɡҸԼ˵һֳѾˣұ㳹ˣǰƤ޹ǣǽֻΪһԶ㣬ҶҸҵĸӰ쵽㡣
ֳ֪ҵ֪ôһֱңûгʱж༤ʱұԼ˵һҲٽøκˣҽ⵱ҵĻᣬעֳֻҵġ
ҳȫֳΣѾˣֳԼһҵģϹʶҴ֮ǰһĵףǣעԵ޷ݣһһֳ̣ҵˡ
ִƫִɫƽȴֻǱǰǺѾ۵׷ȼյŭûˣƽ޲ŭγ˼ǿҵķ
ʱ˿̣ҶϷ֪˵ЩʲôҶԼܵܡһñӿͷȴʱҶĶ֪
ʱҲֻ̾һ䣺Ūˡ
Ҷ˵Щ飬˵̫Զϸ룬еϸʵó
֪ҶЩ궼ｨ裬Щιģʱ̵ؽǸЦ֡õСкƫִСԨꣿ
ҶϷ缸죬֪˵Щʲô
ҶĸصÿҪѹˣֻԷˣҪ֮ˡ
˵ҪҶúõУһȴҶ׹һ׵Ԩʹ
ȥ·ҶϷջЭˣоҶǳϵһ鸯⣬򲻵ãҪӵȴϢ
Ҷ㶣˫ȼŷŭ۾գգ漴Сʣ𣿡
ҶϷֱӸһۣҲ̧ȥ
Ҷ̻ع̸ҶϷ磬ܿҶϷ粢Уֳһȥ
ҶϷ粻˵
ĬͶҿҶЦ绨ʱһԼ۾֮ǰģõĳȫкֵܴͬ˸ողǻֱŤ
ҶһֱҶϷһ£ҶϷȥĶȥĶĬͶƷЩʲôʱ俴˵͵͵ģҶϷһŽҶߵȥ
ҶϷԭҪҶѪһ£ҶȻû佻ǸʲôЩҶⶼˣҶҶӦҲ֪ЩʲôϾС̫ˡ
ڼ䣬ʵۺţҶȥϲ飬˼ҿ֮ûһļҶϷ磬ǲߡ
ҶϷʵڿȥˣ㻹ǿЩȥɣһղȥЩű㲻ս֮ʱ
仰Ҷϸ񾭣һ̻΢ЦŴֳǿ˦ңòд˻ᣬҪһȥ˳װңȥϹ
ҶϷ˲䱻ҭסȷʵ˦ҶĴ㣬ѵ˦ҶȥӢû¿
ҶϷΪԼ˵ҲʵҶ˵ļҪ˦£ҶϷ룬ҲûкܶΣôΰˣõôƽ
ߣֿһʱ䣬ֲһתһҶϷÿ춼оԼҪÿ춼ڵ裬֪ԺַʽҶ⡣
Ҷ⣬˵ݻģĵܵĳˣʤˡ
˵һݻҶܹ˵ݵĻÿһ仰޲ܽԼ˵˾ԵҶϷЩݻƺͷϸᡣ
ҶϷҲٶҶ˵ʲôݻˡ֪Ҷ˵Щʱ۲ۣоĶһÿζϢ
ôĵܵܣҶ̫ҪҶԼúݻԼʱԼҶ⻹ʹ
Ƿϵ룺ҿȥڵⱲӦþǹ¶ϵˣȻˣβȫǸҪ֮ˡ
Ȼһˣ˵ܰġ
Ҷ⵱ʱоƤ񶼵һأ˺Ʊһŵ׽ͷѹġ
ҶϷüͷ̾˿˵ʲôȻͿҶ죬ͷ࣬˵һ䣬̫ѿˡ
ԭ˵ЩʲôҶϷֱһĹȥ㿴𣿡
ҶֳֻⷢƵԽԽˡ
Ҷ⣺ҲֳΪκü
ҶϷ飬ˣЩû㣬ҿ϶üҲѿ
ҶϷƺҲоԼֻƵʸ˺ܶ࣬ʱӡĳˡҡ
ʱʱڱŭıԵŭƾöѹȥǱҶһòѪ
ҶϷЩǸ˵ˣȻҶƫִ˷չȥ֪ᷢЩʲô
ҶϷ磺ǽ컹̹˵Щɣˣ㲻ңҲÿսս㡣
ҶϷҪˣһҲ˺ܶ࣬㣬뵽ǣһЩܵ£Ҿ;ȫ¶Ծ
Ϊ£ⱲҲɼңʶҲϹˣΪҶҲκ˼ˣȷЩ˵ҲҶκŮ˼ӣһ뵽Ķӳְҡ
ȻôУûзϲˣʶⱲӴžˡ˵㾡ˣҲˣĸȷʵ˵ʵ޹أֻҶһδζЭʶҲˡ
ȻǶˣΪβθ˳Ȼø÷Ķһʱ䣬ת
⣬һ£ˣҲˣãʮһ£һٸһ£ÿ춼㣬ĸܹʱĥ𣿶ȷһһ𣿡
ҶϷ˵Щǳ³һҲ˵;رۣҶס
˵ô࣬Ҷ⻹ǹִִҪÿҲգظҲ޿κΣˣ˱ҶһӣⱲӱ͵ġ



ò˵ҶϷⷬ׼סҶʺҶµľǣʱĥ£İңңڣеƣˣһֳҲһ
жôϣҶ֪Ŀǰ⿴ƽ״ֻ̬ʱġ
ٹһ죬ҶϷڴҶ˾˿ȻеһҶӦؾǣ֮ǰȴһֱȷҶջѡҶִҲˣҶѡһֿҲǲܡ
ֻҶϷȰȣ⼸鵽òڴѪ⣬Ҳûȥ̽ϢǷԸȥ̽һֱҶϽߣ˼Ҿǲߡ
ҶϷѾûĸȥʱҶˣͬʱһĻɣ֪ôһȥġ
ҶϷû˼ȥעЩҶ壬֪ʵҶ׽Ҷȥˣﲻɵһɡ
ǰɴû뵽һĵܸܵϽ뿪
Ҷ֮Ҷĥһ죬ڱҶŪˡ
Ҷ忴ҶҶϷϲֲ䣬һģоëˣԺͻȻǰһҶĶԻ
ҶھʱҶϲ˵ʱǲΪģ֪Ҷʮʱ¥ܵ飬ҥԵĵһʱ䣬ȥʵ˵
ȻҶ벻ǰһԿЦĿ˵˾ǵĴԣҶԺ󣬳˼һ᲻صһ䣺ȷʵϲˣΪȷʵˡ
Ҷ񻹼ǵʱǺε𾪣ʶ΢΢ſ˶֪۾Ҷ⣬ҪǷһЦ˼ҶԸǰʧ̬֮˻
ϧҶҶ￴ĳֻʣƽ
Ҷ建һһԼĪ˵ǵЩԶԼġ
ֻҶһ㻹̫ı飬ҶŬ˿ԼҪֹסŭ
ҾͲӦùģöʱ֤ϲŮˣ˴һȥֲ˺ˡ
Ҷûͷɥҧгݵģ
Ҷ彫ʼҶֳ֣΢̣ܵԼ˫λ۾ðһ󵨵Ĳ²⣬ȴŸ󱳵亹ӦʱѾ˺󱳡
ԺֵǶݵġѵҶ֮Ϸֳ治ͷѸѹȥ붼롣
Ҷϸ۲֮ǰһֱ˴һĬͶң˶Ҷֵľٶֲ֣ǸռҼڸԱߵĶϸĵˣǽһ档
Ҷٿɣ漴֪ȤصɡGֳĹϵã벻ֳҵҲûЭGϷ繫á
⻰һ˵꣬˵߲ԼͬעĿɼɵֱͦ˴Ҷ֮һĪĸоʱһ
һԼ˵ĻûдҶ壬ʶõѣͥҾأ
Ҷ⧲ʣۼʣ볯ҶϷѾֻ뿴ˣĪеʧ˴ѹȸУӲͷƤȻGϷֳֵ
ɵͷȷʵһδļֵܹϵ˺ãĽ
ͬʱǺǺǣҿȺװɵģˣġĬ᲻صһ£ʼͷаðװ۵Ϻ
ҶһѾͷԣ뵽ҶϷѣҲֻñ
ɻҪ˵ЩʲôҶϽת˻⡣
ҶҶġӴ˼ûϢӣҶ˺ܾãŻҶ޿̣ҶGҪҪ
õҶһۣҶֻ˼ֳֳеĶֳ˴Ȼҵ
ҶϷ̱һº͵ЩʱʱҪð黰ţϽߣҴ³ȥ
Ҷ忴ҶϷƿҶ֣תߣҶɵӻŸոôˣƤĶһ
һĻҶͻȻЩܣоҶһ˲ıˣҶĸ飬˲Ǹˣһֳ
Ҷ߹ȥҶļ磬߰ɡ
ҶһۣջתޱˣҶ޹ӣʾ޹ֻɻسҶ֣Ҷ̾˿ȥ
ҶϷ߻ط䣬򿪴Զȥһ˲ޱȷɣȴЩĪὫͻȻıѹȥѵõķ֮С
׿֮ҶϷŹ˴ʱĬŽվڴߵҶϷ磬̾˿Ÿ߱᲻ˣȻᣬαҪ˸أ
ҶϷҲɵ̾ҸҪĸ顣
Ĭ˲죬ֵܶ˵ĹϵǲˣתҶϷ׷ɱǵ˾˭
ǵģһ·һֱڱ׷ɱҲҶŲߵԭ֮һ

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ҶϷҶߺһ£ÿ춼׷٣ʮĴСټҶϷ˸飬ǵòֻʣ-㡣
ҶϷ粻֪ҶǱߵ֪ǷʲôʹҶһ˶δ֣ǿȥֻÿ춼׷йѪһУûʱȥעģҲʶزȥעɡ
ҶߺʱҶϷ綼Ҷı׻ֻһΣڳԷʱ᲻Ծص˸Լвˣ𴲺Ժŵ˸ͷ·ʱᵣͻȻ˵·ʺ
СƺѾе޿ײ룬һǿ̬ռĵεΣҶϷʶԼѾҶˮʱҲֻεʹĶͷˡ
֮ռţ㿴ĬЩżֻòžͽˡ
ҶϷ翴ҵ䲻֪ΪλὫдŸԼȴ˲ԤУüͷһ壬нӹš
ʱҳֽҶϷ翴һĬ֪ǰ˵˼Żж٣ھҳ
Ĭ֪ҶϷ뷨϶Ằԩ˵Ҷ֮˱˻ԣܹžͱҳֽҳҶϷУνļ˼ţҲһҳֽĴ̳Ѳ֪ˡ
˵ǰʱڣǰʵڹҸ֮ʣ챦ͼһΪһݽʱĻʵ۵ͥһݽĸ󳼹Ȫһݽ󽫾ࡣ
ͥǷһֱҶϷ縸֮˶ȥͼ˾ǵʵۣڹȪǷݣ񱻵ãǷҲûϢ
ʵۺĴѰҵǲֺ챦ͼԼѪˣ˸˶꣬ȻһѾֺӦ˵ǻʵ۵ǿ֮˫Ѱһ챦ͼѪĴˣһ챦ͼѱѰ
ᵽĿǰʵۻҶϷѪĴˣҶһҪСġм仹ܿɻΪʲô谲ĹͻȻѪĴˡ
ҶϷ翴֮󣬱㽫ŻĬ
ͬʱò̾żְңϢԴǹ㣬Щܶ౻ĶЩȻϢԴʱƷһ
ҶϷڶұż˴ʱ֪Ĵ֮һĶżҵմӣԼһżȥݻᣬС˼ٰԼڼƭˣ뿪˼ŸӲûκβԡ
ֲԵʱ򣬶Ѿݻˣݻ¶ĵطżҼ֪ݻûٹ
ֱҺĬĹϵżңżҼſӱѰһȥ
˶ԵĬ㲣ϸطڻ֮󣬲ŶҶϷ֮кҪҰæģһǡ
ҶϷЦЦﲻң㻹ЩȥŸҶգȻЩȥֻܺϲˡ
Ĭһ£ǵĿɬѹȥû˵Ϊ֪ȷʵﲻæڶһѷ
Ĭ֮ҶϷ罫´һ
˹Ѫô꣬һֱûκϢһ꣬йѪԼ챦ͼ֡
ôǰʱ֪־ʵǷѪ֮£Ƿ֣֮־ǷڲѪһ±֪ʲô⣬ݿǸʱͱ˲ˣ
ʵҺ챦ͼǴʲôʱʼģıôֻ꣬Ϊҵ챦ͼǷ챦ͼлбĶԼ֪ģ
յõϢ챦ͼԹһ帻ԣüЩ鱦ʵ۵õҲֻùԣЩȻֵôʱȥҺ챦ͼ
Ѫݣ֪һֶֻùôΪʲôһյʵ֪ѪϢϢʵǴģϢ˭Сй¶ȥôӲȫ׷ɱˡ
ҶϷһֱ֪Ѫһǰû˷֮ǰѾʼ׼Էгһıȫ׷ɱû뵽һôˡ
ҶϷٴڴ˴ڱȫ׷ɱ֮ǰ׼
ҶϷ첻ߣȥĬ
ɵǣûߣ޹ˡ
ӣתţԸңؽ߾ȫ㣬׷ɱ˴ʱӦѾ·ˣ˵ᾡסЩˣӻ辡ҵһȫ֮أòҪκ͸¶١
޹ææؽãҪŻŵȥҶϷʰ
ҶϷסˡ
Ҳ֪ô㶼ѧЩʲôôҲǹһˣ˼ܻ꣬ģ㻹ǿЩȥϴϴú˯һоˣ·Ҳ٣νĥ󿳲񹤡
޹ĻʹټҲòȴûߡ
ҶϷ翴µģ֪϶ʲô
ǰ¥˺£
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ҶϷ룬˿ڴʱˣ
޹ԥ£֪ҹӣʶʵʵ˵˿ڷ´˵˼Σ´Ҳûޣÿҩ
֪ЩʲôйӴҵǺܹܺûûƤİ
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׷Ҹ£˼һģıûرġ
ȻҰ¥¥Ϊȴûκι׷ɱϢ˵ӱżˣȥ׷ɱɱ֮ˣȥ¥ȫ׷ɱؽ˴ذ¥Ⱥ䡣
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ҶϷ˼һôҲѣǾȥ˵ÿء
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޷ܻġ
޹ˣӣ˵¥Ҳȣʳվ̫Щ̽ϢȻɰ¥վȲӵ֮ˡ
޹˵Щʲôɿҹģ֪Ѿٶ˵ǧ飬עҲģ죬Ӧǣӡ
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޹ˣһʱЩֲ幫ӾҪ֪ΣҪ֪ǵ״ǰ߶һЩɡ
Сӣ˴ִϲ˵ԣӦӻȥӦ԰ɡ
ӷģвӵﴫȥ֮󣬲ñ㱻ӰѹסүѾϻˣӣӶ˲̸֪Щʲô̸һʱӲŻط
ӲõģӳʱɫȻЩȴĿүӡ
ãղ֪˵Щʲô˺Ҳû˵ʲô
ʵ޹ʱĸӶ˵һЩģ͵͵һԼӣȴҵŹӵ˵޹ЩǴ˵ģҲţνϲˣʵϲֳ
޹ʱЩСų֪Ϊ˴ڱ˴֮αȫԼÿǴõҩֻ֪࣬ó涣ҧҶȹûиĸ˵֮ͯ꣬˼ůΪҰ
ʱ޹ɵˣŵú޲סԼĶ䡣
޹ôҲҶϷʮ֮ˣһһҶϷȻϤޱȣ޹飬µ޹֪ҶˣҲüƽϡ
û뵽Ҷ׾ͽҶϲԼֳĻ£ҶϷ治֪ԭ˼˿š
ʹǱأ
޹ʿˮһֱֱܹҹ۾ʹȥĥθҹ˵¡



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˺£ҶϷ粻ǰ۾޹
ʱת棬ܺãܿ㣬ڣӻСġ
ҶϷǲ޹Ҷëֱ˵鵽
޹ҭһ£ε̾˿ؽ鵽˵
عӣӻؾڶձ㱻н֮ûгүҲ֪ȥ˵ЩʲôүֱӱˣдϢӦǱҲ֪
ҶϷγĬû˵ӻ޹ˡ
ͬʱʹС
΢ߵϣꡣҶ⹧سһĻʵۻһһߵޱϡ
ģڹмգŤˣʵۻ̧ͷĵ
Ҷεػʲֶҡ
㲻ң㻹ʲôҵģޣ˵ҪΪһûаѪԵϵû˼֮޶ϾϵʲƺѲ뻽㵹Ǻú˵˵
ҶƿʵͻȻŭεЦʲ㽫һֱڹУҲǽһжźˣҭG޴⣬ʲˡ
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ҶĬĬͦλʲˣܹˣ̶ȡ
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ҶִȥѰֳ
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޵ǲ֪һǰıһʼѪ㻽һֳǰ޲ǿĺã㽫Ľ̵ʲôףսȥϲԼֳһֳ𣿡
ʲ֪ʵΣΪάңҲκ˷̰һжԵκˣǷκˣκ˽ʸ˵ǴŶҺõҲû˱ϣҹҸҹ
ʵ۱һƬĵģŭˣָû˵һ仰
ãã޵Ҫ㣬֪Ϊ˶Ƕ㸳һƬģԶ㣬Ǹ˼˼ҶǸ˼һ''ܵЩĽ̵
Ҷû˵۾ʵ۾Գš
ŵ鷿ʱžž޶˸еĪѹ
㲻ܸ𣿡ʵۿȥ⸱ģϾʵôֶӣΪʵۣܹһĳ谮Ҷ⣬ʱʹģΪʵҲܶ١
Ҷ⳶˳ǣŬһЦݡ
ʲҸұ֤뵽⣬ЩѾˣܶûҲˣܸģұ㲻վǰˡ
ʵ⻰þòԻīζ鷿֮˳Ĭ
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˵˿ĻʵξȻ漣ظоԼû
㵹˵˵ҪúֶΣ
Ϊ˱þһֶΣϧһдۣΪϧ
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ҲãȪ䣬ܹ׷
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ʱǼһ涼أԸ⽫һǰ֪¿ģܹ浽˵ظֳȥͶ̥ٿһۡ
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ҶЩ⣬ʱ֮仹кν׿
˵ɻ֮Ҷ⻹ǳס֪ʲкμ⣿
Ҫ¼ҩǰһʹӴ˳ΪĻӣΪ޵ĻλӰˡ
ǾˣҶȻԼһʲһŵˡ
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Ҷⰴ˰䣬ϣԼ⡣
Ҫ֮ǰ£޵Ļλ
ʲ֮ǰǲѾһҾֳҩһԣҶGһҲûҶ֮ûҶ֮к壿
֮ǰ޿κΣұʱֻһ룬죬±ֻȷ¡һʱһʱѳ죬޾ô˴Ӧġ
ҶϷǱĬŻǣ·ϽԹ־ܵһǣҶϷûʱ䣬ȥ˹״̬ʲô
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ҶϷҶʱеĶеظɱ˵ĶϻӶĽʹƣߣ۾ɱۡ
°ɫĽ˰߲ѪѪµɫиողճϵʺ죬е˵ѪҲԼѪѩɫѩϣ˰߰ߵʺ죬һŵĶ÷
ǻһҶϷѾˡ
Ҷż˽Щɱɱ֮󣬿ҶϷֻһɫ͹ָؽںһ˲ҪͻƤ
Ҷ߹ȥᳶ˳ҶϷڳսĴٽͬ䱦СؽҶϷָ
˼Ծ뿪˵أǶˡ
ҶϷ練ӦʱֻûˣܹоҶ⵹ȥߵﻹƣҶ֮ĵطȥأ
ܹоҶ⽫Լ§ڱ۾֮ǰҶϷ룬ҴǲҪˣȻֱεԼܻܵ
ҶϷʱֻоȫʹޱȣ/ƿڶڼ߹ҶʱӲµġӺȥ
ֳˣоΣ
ҶϷ翴Ҷ⼫ȻڴߣĶͷҶϷͷԣüͷһ顣
ҶϷһ׶֮ͣ󣬻֮ǰҶ⻳ʵͻȻ۾ˡ
Ҷûеõشʵûգӻǵúúøһֳиоδ
ҶϷ罩ӲûС
տڣоɬ̲ס˿ڿˮ뾹Ǻסˣͣؿԡ
ҶϽıȥһˮ˲Žֹͣԡ
ҶϷֱһ鶹ײˣάôֳվǻˣԿ
ˣΪάԼҶϷ侲ޱ
ֳˡҶ΢Ц
ҶϷޱ飬ʵʻʵôˣҶشȻ˵£ҶϷҲôֻ±Ҳ֪Ǹ˲ٴۡ
ҶϷڴϣ䲻Ҷƽ῿ϣҶϷԭͦʬ彩ӲһҶֳ´߶Щˣҵ㡣
ҶⲻûмʱϵᷢʲôһСģټǷһʬ塣
ҶϷо΢Ĳ˵ϽſԼĻͷתһȦɡôˣҲ߶Щˣ㲻Ҳ
ҶͷȷʵˣұٶలЩ˹ֳһҲûûеõͬ˸ٻֵԾͻңʶ˽ҴҲν
ҶϷ뽫ԼͷҧЩɬʹֻıʹ
ҶϷ̧ıοû£Լִ֪磬Ҫ˹ҶϷ粻֪ҶλģҲ֪Щ֮ףЩ˲ǾӪˣǳĳ֯
֯ÿһ˻֪ҪķѶѪΪòȴСĳֱϵ˿ڣɵá˻һ
Ҷһ̧ͷ
ǱŪˣҿ
ҶϷ绹ܾ㱻˱ӣҶϷſԼֻһ£ĳҶĺس
ҶϷŭʱ˲Ҷ˸ߵ֮£Ͻ˫ѾҪ˵ֽӸס壬迴ŭҶGʲô
Ҷ䲻ֳ⸱ߵģӻЩϽ࣬ûӦ
ӦʱѾʵڵظҶϷߣ֮Ϊ˴Ӧǵǰ̹ʱ಻ˣ
崺Ҫֵ˹ȥˣ˲ֱϵˣҶϷֱһĿԴȴһ˫ֽץסʮָۡ
ҶGſҪֳϷ£
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·ϣ븹ҶͳڶߣƳɾƵֱ˶ꡣ
ҶϷ翴Լקסֻ֣ٸһƲץסĸж
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ҶϷû뵽ǣҶⲻ֪ͻȻʲô񾭣쿪ʼʲôأÿ黰ظÿ峿ʱʼ˯ʱҲ黰пʼߵġ
ҶϷ޲ϵܹЩãű׷ɱ˶ҹҹҶϷܹҵõƤѾˡ
ֳϴˡ
ҶϷľֳÿܲк¡
ҶϷٴϣ˯ѣ߾ϽɣʵܲҶˡ
ֳԷɡֳˮֳҸ㴩·ֳ𶯡Щÿ춼Ҫ飬ҶϷʱΪһضȲзϣò׷յµȫŸպãϵ˶һȴʹ˺ѷΣֻɱ˶
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ҶϷƳһۣΪз˵ȴʵڿҶʱʱģʱ޿̲ڱŻַɧ
ҶϷ粻òиţ죬ȻѾҶЩˣϵͳޱǿ󰡣
ûһҶϷϵ·ѾҶ˸⡣
۲ĲҶϷԱ۾ÿҶĳ/ĺЦĿ⡣
ֳļףÿһ缡ҽϲǳ
۾ҶϷһȫӲˣ˽ҶԽԽˣ¶ǵĻǴӺδѧģҶϷ죬˼ҸΪͶԽ޼ɵȥˡ
Ҷ⣬øЩ
ҶϷŭҶĶ÷ɰĺҶЩƲסԼĳЩ޵뷨
˭֮ÿأʵʵ˵ҲУ
ҶϷ翴ίģһֻǲҶˣȴǾͲܶˣʱҪίԼҶĸò
ҶGҡ㣬ҶϷͻȻоһĶ촽ҧסʣµĻ˶סˡ
ͻҶϷһʱֽŶ֪ΰţĽӲ̶뽩ʬҲضãֻһȥǡ
ҶϷıˣ֮ǰҶòٻԽ硣
þô֮еҶϷ˷Ҷһ·ֱ룬Ӧ֮ҶѾǻ֮з츲صؽʪͷĴԵء
˻֮ݡ
ҶϷ罫ǲ֪ǿˮҶⱻҧƵѪҺɾǾúܲڣ˵ǶĻǾȣǱʲô
ֻ֪һ̣ǸɵĵܵҲزˣ˸оģƺ嶼ˣòʧ
ҶԭΪȴԼĽֳͷŭֳֻǵĿˮ֮󣬱ģһǰ˱ʹʧҲҲˡ
Զ뿪۸κδֻۣϣһá
磬ԲçײˣҶҶϷ֣ͳʹİʹ
ҶϷջƮߵ˼۸ӵؿǰΨһ˵ĵܵܡ
õϵҲһҸԴϤĽ̵˶֮ˣǣģ
⣬ҪΣܶҵ˼Ҫ㿪ģ
һ̣ҶϷоҶûκεִһƬհףǰЩĶͻȻ˳ˣʣµֻһЩ翵ļ䡣
磬ֻҪúûűãҶĸǸһᾡЩΪһ⣬ǵɽ𺣣ҶGҲüˡ
ҶϷȥûоҶĸǸֻֻоɬ˾˵ʲôҲȻ
Ҹ壬ǲС˿ˣǵ˵ҶЦšɣСƿ˿ڣר־ؿʼ塣
ҶϷ죬˵Щʲôʹŵüۣר־ģվʲôû˵ֻؿǰѾ˵ĵܵܡ
ŵ㱻ʱҶոҶϷꡣ
Ӵˣ֪ұЩܹһҶ֮ı˵ء
ҶϷԼƺò˶ٵļһ
Ҷȴǲ̱˵ֳǰûаѷġ
ҵǾðǧ꣬ϧƹӵһƫЩˡ
ſҶƵģŵؽףȻǰ⣬þòֳСβˣֻϧ԰΢΢ҡͷһֹģ˳Ϳϡ
ĬĬؽԼݹȥһСֽò׳õ˿ѿˡ
ҶŲɲϧԹԵؽˮ̧ȥˡ
ҶȥԺ󣬰ϵƤЦ˲䲻
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صһﺬ˿ûջ˼
ҶϷԼӹΪհĬͶģһҶҶߣԹ̼
ҶϷ磬ҲֱϧԶˡ
̸̫Ҫˣ֪Ͳл̼ԼˣڵĿ϶˽ᵹùĻ˲вˡ
ҶϷĬĬת˸Ҳ֪ĹС
ҶʱֳԼһĹĵİ޸иţֳ̫ɰˣ˿ûԱ߸շӦһûб顢һ֪ƤΪ˻һ֡
ɱţԷˡҶ˵߹ȥҶϷ类ŵͷȳ
ҶϷ翴˵߶Լϣޱƿߣûκιͬԣʱ˵
ҶƵĽҶϷȻؽðİ׿ˮᴵ˴͵ҶϷߡ
ҶϷҶˮʱ㾲ŵҶеˮ쳣ɣð۾ʲŻҶϷ˵ȷɣΪҶϷαװġ
֮ǰ޼䵽վﶼð£ߵҶϷԱߣҶ⼷ҶϷҿʹɣҲ֮¡
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Ҷϻˮ԰ͻȻķħ֮ٺ⣬ֻǵһ۷ƵİıӰ˳ｫʺ˼飬µҶϷߡ
Ҷ£ᴵ˴ˮٽ͵ҶϷǰ˵ʲôǵ˲죿
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Ŷ
ҶԹԵûлػֱǱˣȻҶϷûжκβ죬ظоĴƯŶԼΣŭ

ֳ

ǵĶ죬ش˷ʱеʱϢһͿֹǳš
ʱ򣬼ûҲ׻λεѩյûưգԶԶȥܹŵǱѩǵʢ
ҶϷ㿴һ˴ϵĲ˯ŰããһƬѩҲ֪ڿЩʲôЩʲô
ϲ˯ҲٴЩ·ҶϷ罫һɫҶϡ
ҶعͷЩȣֹؾصлֳֳĴϲ˯ܳ
ҶϷûлش𣬷ʵأ
ңǲ˯ɡ
Ϊβ˯
ѩ᲻˯
𣿡ҶϷĴ𰸲֪ɷû⼸ҹҹ԰ããһƬΪΨղ˯ѩҲò𰸡
šҾöԶѩҹǺУұʺĺҹɡ
ҵΪеİյůˡ
Ҷعͷƺû뵽ʱ˻ҶϷ˸ߵۣ漴жᣬЦ
лֳ佱յԼ˱ˣҸϲѩҹѩڰɱȰҲ٣˱ˣҲΪںڰдЩ΢
ѩĶҹȷʵվյ̫
ҶĸҶϷеͶôǼסԭûҶλܡ
ֳٻһ⣿һֱڶȡǵȡһ⡱
⡣ҶϷ˿ΪҶû˵ʲô黰
ҵĸֳ𣿡ҶվûסȻļԼı飬ʹͬʱŨŨμҪûĴ
ҶϷɻı齩һ˲µ㲻վҵλһ롣Ⲣţǿա
ҶûûεЦ䲻յҶϷߵֳģһᲹģЩ֪֮ѾȥȫɱˣǸҲȥˣҲ˻ΪǼ¶Ѱ鷳ֳνأβϵǽһֱǾʮĵʹ
ҶϷ˿ΪֱһĺԴϡ
˵ǲҵģֺĽ̫̰Ĳ̫áҵһֱܺ棬ЩھӪʹЩǴӺζҺ챦ͼңѰйغ챦ͼһУ˴ŵϢĿǰΪֹҶ֪صľλã㵹ֱӱ㽫ˡ
ҶϷЦЦؿҶ⡣
Ҷ̹ȻЦŻؿҶϷ磬ǵĻȲѵȥˣҶϷ⸱ģ͸ˣ۾һ֣
ûֳ˵Ҷ뿪֮󣬱һ·ȥ֪֮ҶȻǰ֮ɽֵ֮ӣΨһļ̳ˣΪһЩԭ°ߣշת˷ҡ
ЩҲһֱĴΪһ֮£ԸصУΪ谲ŲҵǸճȥûãļ˱ˣȥļұȥӪͶ
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ҶϷ翴һֻۣ֣𣿡
Ҷæصͷصášϵģÿ֮Բ˼˼㶼еǸñȫȫŵģֻڣеۻ඼ʧˡ
㲻ΪЩҿԼҶϷ˶٣ǽ˵˳
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룬ʲôӳһƻĵҺһδζԼѵľء
ᵽůҶϷɴԵϣҶǧҪů˼ӲԵΪڣڼůΪɣӲҪĴܰݣӲǶಡ˼졣
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ҶϷûǣת֮ҶϵЦ̼ɢ˸ɸɾʲôͣվֹΪƽһغˮֽƽֱ
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ҶϷ粻ԸϣһɲЩͲģԵøǽ顣
ҶϷ֪ôдοΪͻĲӶ߳ĶȻԼĵܵܡ
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һ˿˴սµΣգҶϷΪˣȴ
˴֮սҪգǧȫԲСģѰ֮£󽫾һսպգȴǰǧ֮¡
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ϵʧҲֻһҶϷ׾ٵؽӵת濼Ǽӿ顣



ҪչһҲҪһ꣬ҶϷܾõȲڤڤ֮˭ڴ߸һ
£æû찵أæòҹ
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˵գսȭͷҲɿˣȫֺõЦ
ҶϷͷȷʵܹҲġ
ңҲܴӦġ



ҶϷӲקӲڲƭ˰ԼԼǸľӺͿױȥ
˴ҶϷ粢ûǰ㼱ææظ·Ƶ
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ҶϷ罫Ǽżŷ˺ĿһʫȴҶϷͨ졣
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ǵҶǰʫҲ֪ģ˶ʫȫʫ
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ʵ˵˵ǲԶʵˣƭԼĴ£˸Ҷ⡣

䵭Ҷ

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ҶϷ֮һæòҹǽ鰲źá
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ҶϷͰ鷿ÿǶȶһ飬ȴûзӵҪϢ˲²װùȤ˵䵭鷿ܻңϾһЩȨ֮ҵ鷿һĶڡ
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ҶϷҵһƿԷŽһ˵ֵĻƿһһ濴һڡ
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ҶϷԼ˼Уֻһֻüࡣ
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