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ĸ˭ڽ㣿                        
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 4 

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һmmpһҪ˵                        
лҪ˵ŷֶʱȥˡ

 5 

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 6 

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ͦεıӰһű˪ϣ                        
лҪ˵лУһֱڲд
ҾÿƪĺѡӲ̫ãܾÿ춼е㵹ù·

 7 

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 8 

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лҪ˵ǹϸдڲд꣬ҸϽȥ˯ˡ
ԭͲ˵ˣһ¾˲ùһ㣬֪ʲôбꡭ

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 9 

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 10 

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 12 

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 13 

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 14 

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лҪ˵Ӣ⣺ⲻɣһ㶼ɡ

ԽдԽˣҲ֪ΪʲôһŤͷˡ
ǿһ飬ƪոϻиµģҲ賿

 15 

ǰ³ǵ룬Ӣĺôѷǳɹۡ
ͻȻϵͳջ޵ֿѡðƽԺڡ
ʮң
Σޱߣ
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֮ǰľ񻹲ܳͻɸƽߣܵõһЩ⣬Ҳƽսôߣһ˻Ҫٺͼ𣬿϶Ҫ˰æ
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ôĶѧԱʵвУҽֱ                        
лҪ˵ôµһˣԪ֣ף2020³~


 16 

ӵһѧı칫ҳӢ޲ԼֻţصƵǰ侲һЩʼϲϡ
ƽͬʱյ˶ͨѶ롣
ͨ󣬶ûйĨǣ棬ղҿһײķӣһùһסȻλеƫƧԼ۱ȸߣ̺ͼҲͦ⣬Ǿ÷еÿ5000׵㣬ûпգҪҲ
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Ӣû꣬ƽڻӷתѾ뿪Ƶꡣ
·һִϣʹȥ˵³ǽ
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ƽ԰ڲ輸ϣ۲죺Ҫģ
ʦĿĶƶּȻִף֣صڵƹ͡
ǡ                        
лҪ˵ϵͳɲ

Сͬѧ1Ͷʱ:2020-01-01 08:14:17 
Chorale1Ͷʱ:2020-01-01 08:33:00

 17 

ƽ𶯣Ҳڼʱӿʮˡ
֪ôȺŮĸͬһ㣬һ𣬾ͿʼΧŲ輸ࡣ
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ݱ۵ʱϵͳҲԺＤݽ
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ԷԶԶԤڣƴӿڴͳϵͳռ
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Ȥ󣬶Ҳǿ󣺡ðɡҲϢʱ䲻ˡ
ڻⱼôãҵȷҪϢ
ƽע⵽ϵƣɫҲǣȥ˯ɡ
˵ͷ̧˸ȥˡ
Իһ䣬ƽҲתصңϴ˱ڴ£ܿ˯ȥ
ֱڶһ磬׼ʱѡ
ϴźӢڿ
һɫͣ
кҲģˣϡ
ƽΧûڿκüʣô£
Ӣ촽һҪޣһѧʼˣ㻹û𣿡
ƽ֪ʼʲôʱġ
Ȼûص£û̫⣬ʱʲô𣿡
Ӣɥһ̱ɳϣǷע棬Ҫһ̨ףҪǣڱܹװصϵͳ˵⣬ּҲ룬װϵͳĻףѧôأ
ƽ
⻰оݣѷ
ûע⵽ƽ飬Ӣɥ֮ǰҸƵˣ˵ֻܸһ̨ף˵ʲôҲҿϵһѧ¸պÿԻؼҸѧ̡̫ˣͲ6000𣬾Ȼ˵ֻ
ƽ˻50׵㣬Ĭá
Ӣ˫ֱͷԼĶ̷ôô죬ʽ˵ˣĶȥһ̨
ƽ˼
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棬˵룬һʲô취ӢͻȻ۾һˣҪҸ˵ұץ˸ȾˣҪһǮƣ˵ҳ˳ȫԹۣҪǱ˰ܣԷʨӴ󿪿ڣ˺Ʊ
ۼԽ˵Խףƽοڣҿҵһ̨»ס
ʱڱµĻףһֱ³ſڵĻ״Ŵǰǳ䣬³ǾַĶûתƵ³ȷ
Ҳȥһ̨ҲӦˡ
Ĳ䣬Ӣ̾磬̫ˣôû뵽أ׻ģ
ƽ
Ӣֻ۰Ͱ͵صͳ꣬Ȳվǳ
߰ɡ

һСʱſڡ
˳ƽȵǼǴױš
ʵû̫ϣϾѻ״Ѿݵľɳǣһػ׵Ŀ൱͡
û뵽ǣźϵͳǼҳ澹ȻֳƷ顣
TNS-37ŲֿA12
ԱĻϿһָۣ·A12ǰߡȻͬİԣ½ᣬҪǼǳĶʲô
㻹֪أ
ʲô
ӢǵĶԻȤֻ˷ܵƽָķȥ
˵طƽҲ롣
ΪԴ󣬴ŴΪ׼Ҫϸ¼һ˵ֻ¼ͬʱյ׵ĴȡϢ
ֻ֮ܶǣһʬ٣һڼӦöѾˣû˻̨֪׸йء
ڣֻ̨ͼйء
ǡ
Ӣ⿴Ųֿ̨˻ҡΪһѣϻӿݡҪж׵ĵף鲻ʱʮָӡ
ֹֹ
ԥãʣ
ȷܲμӱ
ƽΪ⣺ʱ֪ˡ
Ȼʵ֤ӢĵǲǸ
󣬿˼ʼ֮ǰ׵άʦ̨Ҳĵͣ
˧׵Уֻ̨ףȺļ
Ǳëģۣ亮ᡣ
žҵ֮ģάʦƽ˵ûù˰ɣڲȻû⣬ǹƻһЩСëȷҪһ̨
Χ̴һ򼥳ĵЦ
ƽ
أܺá
ĻеŮʱ
ȫע⣬ʮڸϵԿ򣬵ȴ볡

 18 

ʾƽӢһָ
·ϣӢⲻ챾ʣڶƵĿˡ
˵мرʮܾ꣬ѾˣǿһһŮǵһѧصעأ治֪ĸôù
ƽҰ˵ģӷλ𡣡
Ӣʶתȥ
ΧһȺˣ˴ӵģһλĽСĳŮ
һīɫĵ÷ѩһһЦΧ˶ˡ
Ӣ⵹ûгա
ֻһ飬ڵѪǡж飬׵ϵߡ˵ָ꣬ϽҰοûϵҲֻһˣ˵ĵ㲻һóܣһзģŸóףˣǵùأ
䣬һɧ
ԱߣѾתſڣȴ̾ȳ
ǷĻף
Ӣ⣺
Σɵأֿʼ
ͻȻеĵ͹
ȫԱ룬׼볡ʱʮӡ
ƽջߣһڡ
Ӣ鵽ͼǵһѧڳضٳѵأޣȼ߲ǣҲ㸴ӣǳʺϻϰ´ࡣ
ȥ㿴̨ûף˻
˭˵أǶۣ
ԴĶԻƽ˼
Ӣȷ𣺡ι˵ʲôأҶѴʲôƨ£
ϵ̨ףֵ6000׵㣬ĸµĶյ
˵ױڰݳƷôͺžݳƷеľƷ˵ͨˣСʲļͥһҲ᲻ôǮ
Լ²Ӣĵϸ˭Ҳ֪Ǹ
ָʶһ㣬һۣ̼ӿŲֱӽ˵ͼ
Ǯ𣬵ʲô
нԶĻߣӢöš
˵ܴңֻ̨ɫĻûź󣬵ʵʲֶƽ˵ȥ֮ҪǣһҪǵɫ
ƽֱ;ỻˣ㻹รɡ
Ӣ⣺
֪ƽָǶͷᡣ
Ϊʲôù
Ȼʱ䲻˭ù
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һѧΪⳡר䱸Ľ˵ԱǳרҵǼ򵥴к󣬾ֱн⡣
ãǿѧԱǶѾ볡ˣ˵걨ǳɫСѣҷǳɵǣ˾Ȼֵͬһ顣ţ֮鰡ǿǷѧԱĻף
ҿԿȷʵǳ˧ڸ·ǲġ
еϧĿǰûҵλСʦõľͷţһ£
˵Աͻһɤùϼϸ۲ֱͶӰﵽ׷ʲôֵô
⡭Ǵûֳ棬˵Ȼˣֱﱻѣż̨סǿԿóǰTNSϵУеĹ壬൱ԽֻڵݣʵڲҲʲô֡
˵˵ֵΪʲôл棬һתۣͿԱߵĵĻбˢ¡
ڶֱõɢĻףȻĸȤ
׳ۣ
˭ȾңҾȻеɰ
˵һѾ
ڵĿζԽԽˡ
ְڣֻü
ɣʱ򣬾ͷǰ̨TNS-37Ļױ̨ɫĻϢؿ
˵Ա񣺡û뵽ôѧԱˣڶTNЩĶѲ֪٣ܼʱֵֶĻ̣¾Ҫ͵ˣ
ԽԽ
Ļ˲ʱֱڵս
ڶ̨ӿݳ׵ϲͽ͵ֱ﷢ѵĵĻϣTNS-37ܾ췢Σٽ
ŹƽĶ̬ȣ˵ԱͼǵĻ롣
ò˵Էصúһֱû֣Ƕһ룬϶ϾҪ֣TNӦû취ˡ
䡣
̨ɫͬʱѣһһұԴ˹ȥ
лм˳ţƣӲ
ҫ۵ĻӳֱͶӰ
ӫڽ˵ԱϣҲӳһԤȷĴʦ΢Ц
Ȼһ̡
ͻ
ֻTNS-37̧۷ת顱öԴڣѸ๥µȼƽ˲ͬʱԾܿ˱ըĳڰգѾˣ¶ǹڣ
ţĿͻҰھͷǰ˹ڵߡ
ȵͶӰٶ
Ѿ׵
ɫԶһȴѹŴ
TNS-37ҲԶս
ֱǲźͶͬʱĽ֮Ѹͣ˸мܣ
ֻһغϣ־ԶԶС
ſԸܵõĿĹɫڵ˺޺ҧ⡣
ֵС˼ܿ챻ƽ
ܣ
ԶԴ䣬˵·
䣡
ˣƽڱըԼţҲһս
ƽ
ݵս
˵ĵͳɤ̴ڻ𿪳õ壬ֱͨڶߣּУ
ȴ͵Ͼ顣
Ϊƽֶˡ
̨û˵Ĳ¿þˣͻȻԭ²Ӱ
Ʈݵ̬սԶ̵޼϶лۻңĿϾӡ
һӣڼֲסȺ󵹵ء
ѸĹϵͳĻױ汬ѪɫĹ⣬ؿڴ֡
̭
һֱϢţֱʱڻع̲ס񫣡
Ļ̳Ƕһηתľ̾Ľ
TNS-37˭ҲҪҪְ֣                        
лҪ˵˵Աӭģְҵĵĵһλ¬

 19 

ֱڵĿ񻶣˵Աʹϡ
Ĵһ˿ҡ
ҺãûС
뵽⣬˵Աһɤ±ץסСӣϽתƻ⣺TNײ̫ƯˣĶҲǾ̭ĵһ֧飬ǿһ£ûְˢˣֻһ֧û֣˵Ҳ֪˭TNСӵ֡󿼺ͨǺǣλѧԱ൱ǫ鰡
ƺǸ˽˵ԱĻΪȫ׵ӢʱҲѾע⵽˻ְı䶯
ѸٴӲĵطܳ󺰣ǵһ棬ǵһ
аʵʱ£ڱװϵͳĻڲʾϣ̧۾ܿ
ӢƽֻƳһۣûнӻ
2ְˡ
߻кܴһξ롣
Ȼûж仰ʲôӦѾ̭ȴ̼òᡣ
ӢܵƽǰʱǸմӻ
ѧԱǰ˵ϵͳʵսģģʽйͶӰԻʵ˺ֻ̭жԴ
ڣѾٹעס
뵽뿪ŹȥʮӾͱ̭ɫʮѿ
ֻ֣ʲôҫģ
ǣͶ鶼ڣҲˣ˵Ҳܿͻˣ
ӢûЦ˵Ѽǿ
㡪
ˡƽҰΧɨһȦŵղŵĶ˹Ǹˡ
Ӣƴӣ˵öԣȻʣĶߣ
ƽְѡķڶ鹲ĵͼϱעת
ӢϽϡ
󲻾ãƽٿ̧ʾ⣺עΡ
ŷŻٶȡ
Ӣֲǰһ˻ƽ
ƽת
ӢЦһ»ףû͸ء
ƽԭҲû̫ϣ״̧ڵͼѡһ꣺ȥɣ
Ӣ˲˷У
š
ӢҲ϶𸴣æϲ̵λã˼ſӲݴ
ƽ뿪ͬʱѾ̧żǰ
Զ̨
ڵĲڶƵｻ鱨
Ҹղźò˰ɣ
أôΣ˷ֲ˵ģֻҪ󣬾֣˵þͽǰʮأ
ǣҲǸյҪǸղŽʱ˿ô죿

ԻͻȻ뽩֡
ʱһ̨õɥĲı״ǰߵ߹
ܿ죬˷֡
Էӵһ̨õҵĻףƺǸ
ΣķľȻߵôҡڣ±˿Ƶġ
̨ײֿ֮ʼ˽
һ
ҲûĶѣѵѾ̭ˣ
ְϵȷ˻û֣ǰı֣Բ³Ķѻʲôӣᱻ̭
ǡϻǲϣ
ϣֲһܴ˸ͻģ¸򣡡
˶һۡ
֮Ĭͬʱˡͼı
ֱ̣Сûκβ
Сӻ֪ԼҪʲôأ
䣬̨ײٿڲټ뷢ѡ
˲䣬ȴǰĲͻȻһΣƽ漴ŻڰջһĿĻȣ˹
Ȼǲ񣬱͵ϮôçҲѵ
ֵĴ㣬ƽΪ֪
ŶԷ̨׵ıں䣬ĶȴԵñ׾ңһһǡô
Ծһе˫̧
ȭڷת
Դڳϡ
䡪
˫£ʹûͬŵӵٶȼֱ޷׽
ûã־Ȼʶ̨Ѿĳ¾ɻףǰٶȾȻ˿ûΪǵĹ
ʶЩԾ
ǲ񣬿쳷
ƽڰգֻ
Ӣ⡣
Ӣһأ
ƽλõ꣬ѳܵԴںݺݷȥ
ˣ
ֵ6000׵ĻףװһӦӳ٣䣬Ѿڶܵıؾ֮·
ѤõڻȾ˶ֵ۾
ģ˰ˣ
֮ת
ƽѾǰ
¡˵ܿġ
֣
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ǣۿֱĽ˵Ա̲ס²ۣ仰ɱʵ̫ˣң϶ҪƴһTNҪĵľҪˡô˵أȻȲʤȯûҪȥ˵ϾսTNҲܡ
Ļû˵ꡣ
սˡ
ֱѪһ
̭
˵Ա
һΣڶĽ˵˷Ӧ
ô¹ϱTN
˼˵Ĳ˼˵ʵ
˵ԱĬá
±۹ʣھҪŻͲ˵Ǹ֡
gan

 20 

Լʧ󱻸˵٩˵ԱһתϽ˳
TNS-37ܵڶֵʱ򣬾뿼ʽʼʱȥŲͷ
ڵĴʣ88ˡ
ڼ䣬ʵʱˢµĻְ˱仯ӵлݵĶ黹
ʱֱǰ󿼺ͨСӣΪ4֣ʱȻռŰλá
ڶķǵӣϢӮ2֣ƽ÷ú͡󿼺ͨƽ
ɱһƥ˶ѡȻҲڴ
ˣۿֱĹںֳܿӪֱ֧ƽͷ
ĻҲʱˡζ
˵Աֵüæ
ֻҪĻûĻ֮ʣ´󼪡
ʱͻȻﴫ쵼
׼һ£㸺һעȺܸߣҳˣҰһλΪָĽ˵ڸϹȥס࣬һúϡ
ҳˣ
˵Աһ㶣ܿع
Դ֪Ͷ鵽ͬһͼҳ׼ֻǣû뵽ô졣
ϾĿķԽ֮иľͷǿ﷦ζò׶֣ͷûĵɴൽڻӰ
ݣ϶ԶԶѾȻĻ档
ôΪⳡֱȶȵģֻʣһˡ
˵Ա˿ͷƽһϽǡ
ֱȻڼ
ղսʾףڿʱ̲סкãֱжӵĹˡ
ţͻȻͷһһʮµ˽
Ǹղ쵼˵λΪָĽ˵ҲǰϬķơ
Էź󣬶ͷߵһ£ֵ̧߶ֱƵźš
˵ԱʱΪҽ֮ΪרҵĽǶȷTNսַʵָ̨TNĲ߼ôأ
˵̨õĻ𣿡
˵Ա΢
һ仰ôйԣλǰϲѾǳˡ
תȻԷϵĲм
ָЦЦ˵ʵҲǵһοעķʽڵСӣ뷨Ȥ
˵Աѿڶע⣿
ָͱһ˵ǣԶԹǽܣ󿼺ͨԱֱǼĶӢ⣬ӢѧԱֱһԴ̡ԴŵСӣʣܺСѵˣôһ̨׶أ
˵Աüͷ
˵ʶ̫ǿҺ޸ݿԣⳡûйϵֱֲﵱںǰֻóĬʾԡ
ΡָĻû˵꣬ղҲȷʵܾʣҲп˲Ÿոտʼԭڡһ뿼˵ѧԱˮƽβ룬һЩĶ鱻ǿһĶ鰵㣬ʲӲ׾ͻڶʱڽս
Խ˵Խף赭дĨȥTNһȡʤĳɼսݳɰ㣬һһȥ˲ֱڡ
˵Ագ̲ס뿪ڷҡ
ָȴͻȻָͶӰ˵ǷһĿ꣡
ֱͶӰʾֵĶ֣ȻǾͷٳҲĶ顣
ԭزһ󣬶򲻹Ťͷˡ
Ȼû뵽ܣվԭͣһ룬׷ȥʱǰѾû˶Ӱӣֻѡһ򣬼ǰ
β˵ԱѾרĹ
ܿͷ֣ܵķƺTNڵĵط
ָḻҲ̷һ㡣
˵Ա⿴ԷϵЦ⣬׹
ԭλΪϲŴԡ˷ͷTN
뵽⣬ƲƲ죬ûע⵽ټȥϾҪͼˡָ˴˭ʤ˭أ
ָأǺǣͷ滹кܴռġ
˵ԱԴǳϲ
ɷҲ˵ȻΪһʱڿ췴仰ֻ﷭۱ﲻ
ֱİӿھڵƽö֪
ʱ̧ʾӢ䱸˿
֮ǰγɹӢ˷ܲѣС
ХƿѹļԶ
𣿡ԶԶ̨ĻףʶͷӢʧɫǷ
ȥ
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ĶûΪֵĻκγͣܿƽĹ˷ٳ˹
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ʶӦܿ죬츳ϼѣһԵ
Ͼֻȥƴ̫󣬶ԾҲǷǳȱ㡣
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Ա⣬ƽ˺Ĺ˼·
ں޲бƿ˽ࡣ
ȷƽս仯ģӢ⡣
ʶ˫ƾУӵ
Զ̨̨ƵĶԺ䣬ըɽ첻ϣϵɺȾ˰Ļ
ڻӰӰ´£ըನǵأ
ֱӵĴ򷨣Ӣĳȣ޲ȥ顣
ңֹ֪֮
ȻӢڵѪˣеɻ
Ӧ
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ڹۿⳡֱĹҲͬ⣬׷׷Ļ
˵ԱͿһ˿ߡ
۵ʣָǲڸָأ
һȻ
ָɫȴһѿһ룬βź˵šô¡
˵ԱЦû뵽ԭʵȷǿôࡣ
ָҲֻǿջ˵ûҲû뵽
˵Ա㵽ֹþա
ָﲻס̲סΪԼһ˿棺Ҳųһֿܣ˱ʶֻд衣дûӮߵ͵ġ
⵹Ҳе
˵Աڸһȱ׵£ûд硣
Ӣһ롣
̭
ͶӰ͸ѪɫӳָȻϡ
֣

ͬʱ
һѧҡ
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ŹŻ˻ȴһۿλϵĻȵ߹ȥ
ֱߣ޷Ӧ
ӷڳ㻹ûߣ
˳Ż߿ͶӰֱˣ㲻һϲЩ𣿡
ջߡ
ֻһ䣺ڹ۲˵Ľȡ㣬ʱѡ
ӷֲ
ֻƳͶӰϵĻ棬ǾȣҡͷЦʲôͺŵĻףôأʹ𣿡
һ˻ش𣺡ϣTNSϵУֱء
ӷɫ΢䣺TNS׷һ䣬أ
ţǡ37
TNS37
ӷֵظһ飬סȵֻս
ת˲ѹĲԻ߰ɡҪؼһˡ
á
ӷȻع
˵߶򰵾ϡ
ˣСĵʣų
ֱͶӰûһۡ
·ֻһᣬģ
ǸĽ˵ûְҵҽǰˡ                        

 21 

緢һУûжƽɸš
Ծսʤּ֮ڱпɨ20֣
ɱɱֻҪһ֣ްֱܼڼһֱС
ٿ26ֵܻľȶһ˵һֿˣұȱɵӢ⻹Ҫ˷ܣ
ôͽˣû
þûôˬıˣһ̶ӽǣ
Ҳ̫˻˰ɣȫķ֮һĻ֣֣ϲ
ȥȥ˻ܰڶĶ12ְţƣ
лȱȱСܣҲɷְ
ֱͶӰен
սƽӢڹԱʾ´˻ףȥ
Ӣһ·ͬͬţϹһɵЦ棬ǵһ
֪ǵڼ仰ƽˣȼӿŲ
ڵſڣ͵ɢһҪ죬
Ӣһ񣬸Ͻסߣ㣬ҪԷȻû־һ
ƽ˳߿ȥһۡ
ʱѾβΧûˣڴǰӰ͸
Ķת
ĿûӢͣ룬ֱֱƽϡ
Դӱ̭֣һֱ
Ӣţ棬ô죬ǲǸղò㱨𰡣ѧ˽±ȶ᲻ᡪ
Ļû˵꣬Ѿ̧˹
ӢʿˮƽСʣô죿
ֻ˫òԶ˵仰Ĺ򣬷Ѿ˽ǰ
ƽǷղӮҡ
࿡㣬ĸΨ̫䣬Щദƺûʲô⡣
㣬żɽ仰Ҫ˵
ƽüͷ΢ʲô
лл֮ǰָܻԼ˵ʵУҼסˡ촽ڴһټ
˵Ҫ˵Ļһƽת뿪
˵߾ߣһֱŵӢⲻˣʲô˼
ƽֻ˵˼
˷֣һǻױԣڶǽ񶷣ܡ
˵仰ȻǴһָߵ͡
ŶӢƶǶô·ϣӵЩƣ˵˵˲ˣǳԴȥ
ƽܾ;϶һҲ
׿Ĳڵ³Ȧλá
۸ܹ
ȥоܳԿ
Ӣզզģߣʲô㣡
ƽ治ɫǮ
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˺ܿ쵽˵ط
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ҲܺáӢϲ֣ƣﻹʵʱͶӰأǺҲԱۡ
Ļƽʲôֻ䡣
Ȼһȥδʼ档
ӡ
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Ŵ⣬ԭƬ̣תߵߡ
ৣ
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ڶһ硣
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ӢĦȭŵȵʱ
ֱǰĹҲĬĬ
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˵Աͬ𣺡õģһʱΪе˼Ļ档
š
˵Աģ
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̧ͷ
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̫˧ˣ
ˣأ
ʮͻ˵ʽʮ׻ˣͷҪУ
˵Ա
ʡ
ʲô
ʲô
ףʲô                        
лҪ˵һƽƽ

˼賿дһ˯ˣ֪ѹһۣȫûˣҹò㷢񲣬ŭصͷ˯ˣһ˯ѣĬĬдڣû
û취ʱ̫ˡ
֮£治ңҲðοңҾǽһûʱµԭꡣ

 22 

ŲˢµĵĻݣ˵Ա͡
ʱ򣬸ĵȻѾͷи˷
ֻ湤ͷһߣ볡𣬶ӵķһֱûͣ£ӦǻһһڻѰҶ֡
ʱͷȻе˵Աüͷһ룬û뵽ͬѧ˱ƬҪÿ
ʵ˧
˵ԱʶƳ˵Ļһۡ
ٹڵΪһɡ
ȻûС
Ļȫǡ
棡Ҫ棡
ûĸֱǼ˵ģҪȥ
ľͷʲôǼ𣿣
ʮڻϹ棬Ҫըһѧ¥ˣ
˵Ա
ãˡ
Ⱥôˣ˧綼ǵע
ȻҲ˹ڵæһ̾ͰѾͷ»ˡ󿼺ͨ顣
˱Ӱ
˵ԱһϳӢĲ
ԷԴŵСӣƬţǳױϡ
ղžͷе̫죬û˵ӣɵҲܲ³λιߵģǼ档
˵ϣشҲҪ˰ɣԿӢͼ桪
һ룬չָ˸д

˵ŻĽ˵ԱͻȻסˡ
ʶΪʲôڲΪ˧ķ
ǸѾȷˡ
ǰֱͶӰŴļռ֮һɼҲ޷Ͽκ覴á
ӢһԷҲǲԾͷ
ҫչ⴩͸֦ҶһߣǷӢֱĻ߱£Եʮңɼ
Ծǵ㳾ֱͦıʧб罣ü䡣
ƫݣȴһһȴ죬һּȳȵ˹
š
ƺʲôٿƫۿͷ
˫Ӻڳ䣬һ纮ǡ
˵ԱͷһʶĿ⡣
֮󣬲żԷǰ
ٿȥʱͷѾջߡ
˵Ա³һ
ѧܡ
֪
ֱǰĹڣʱ˿̵뷨һ
ղڿңҿҿԣǽ֤
˵Ա
ģһȺա

ƽǰӢҲһۣղſʲôأ
ͷ
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ղǸ豸ӦþͶŽͼ
Ȼû뵽£˵ڵ˲䣬Ӣ˷ˡ
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Ϊض񫻼ߣȻֱ֪¡
ʵϣƽ֮Ի֪Ǵ֪ġ
ԴֱԼ׼ȷ˵ƽƵѾڴһĻ
ĶĶأ
Ӣ⼤ػعѰѰ١
ôҲǹǮû֣ƽķ̬൱ãϿ
Ӣһ̧ͷ
ѽޣ
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˵ԱϣŶָ仰ô˵
ָͦģҶ֪һ֣Ϊ汻̭ʣµУҪץʱڼ֮ǰ´֣ܳаǰʮһɹ˵ˣһѧżˡ
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˵ԱŸЦ˵ǡãѾϵˣĿ˫СӣԷֲѣĶǡԡ
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뵽һ磬˵ԱϽ͵͵ȥĻ
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Ϲֻˣ
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ɰĹڡ
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ӢʱŲԣ۾Сģ
ƽķӦȷи졣
ƺȥֻͱܿ˷ƲӰȭͷ϶ɹδ꣬ϥѺݺݶǰ̧Ҫж
һ׶ˮɫһ棬ֻʣ񵲣ҵʮǱ
ƽûиְֻᡣ
ͬڻսûоܵעҪһȣһЩûл¡
ϾڶֱŸտǮû֣ܵġ
ſһϮѹҧأӦԵѾԽԽǿ
ƽǧͻֵĸɾһʹġ
ֻԴƺһͷ߸ţǰһڣֱͦͦˤڵء
һӢϽܹ
ϵķƽֹǸûֻҪǰĻƣӮġ
ƽ
ĬãŵȽס
Ӣղŷһš
ԹӶʱ˵ġ
ҷҲԡ
Ȼȥ˻ơ
̭
ͬʱ
һѧҡ
Χڳǰĸ쵼סˡ
ôֱ̭ˣУ츳ǳãһѧ
ǼĶ֣һôȥ϶Ҫģ
棿Ϊ׵İ壬һֿ˽һˣǸģһַŷˮ
ʮ꣬ǸӰˣôӦġ                        
лҪ˵ƽҺġ

 23 

̭֮ƽڵĵͼһİ
뿼˵ǶԼͬһֱTNS-37֧Ŀ־塣
ֻӢһ
ƽһ·ҡڣͼѰҾͷ棬㻹ûأ֮ǰ˵ͷĶأ
һΣΪ˵һѧĲƲȫƽֳĬ
Ӣעܿ챻תơ
ƽ֮ǰѾ˿
ڿʱӢ㶣ƽôĸһӣ
桰ٺ١ЦţȰǻǹԹ԰ѻƸңóԿͷ
ֱǰĹѾĿˡ
һѧ̫ˣһֿ˶Żף֪೤ʲôӡ
ƽǰһʾӢ˺
ûӵĹ
Ҳûǿƹ涨̰֮ε
ԣĳĿģǰòƺƽ֧飬ˡ
ҾӢ⻰µɲǣͬʱǰ壡
Ĵľ棬ǣƲԷƣǾһΣ
ңһһ
ǻڷȨ
Ӣŵõͷܣ棡ң
仰ƽˣϵĵ˲佩ϡ
ӦͬС졣
ô㡭
Ǽ桭
ǧͷ
ء
ƽܿҡ
ѽ滹ûüӦͼһΣֱӭ˹
˻ʲôǿĸأ
Ťͷһ

ˣ
Ӣ󺰣棡ң
״ʿɢɾȾҪܡ
Ȼûжֻǰһǰһգ
̭
һ̣ǰֻʣƽıӰ
ᡣ
ԭصӢȴá
ˣϲЦտϽкߣҿǴˣ
ƽһתԾ䣬Ѿʧ˵ߡ
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ѡֶꪳɳѾϲõĵʼհѾͷƽս޲ʤʵʱͶӰùѪڣ
ְϣ󿼺ͨռͷڶ֮Ĳ໹Ѹ
ֱһֱٴν
ƽٴԿķ֮һ֣õһ
Ŀǰܻ51ܰڶʮʮ˵۵һЩš
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رֱǰݺܶظһƽ˳Ӱ
˷֣ƽƺǽʱ״̬
һҪ߶ȼоľ˵·ֵһᡣ
ͦȻ侲ȣȻˣѰǰ̤ĶҲʮ
أ߲ɨͷ
˫ףֱ˵䡣
ֻ롪
Ļˡ
ȵȰ
˵ԱŹһ
ܿعɸɿһӵĻİͼУ˵ټ
ͬһʱ䣬ԱѾת˵һѧ롣
ſڡ
ƽȻӦԼ
򿪳Ųŷֵ֣̭ķҲڳڡ
΢תѾ³һѧȥĿġ
Цʲô
ţƽƽǻȣЦ𣿡
˿û׷ʡ
ܿ죬Դ˴Ŀĵء
ſڵĹԱʱȥСҡ
Աʾֹ
ƽ⣬ȿڡ
İס
ƽɨǣתۿһϢյķš
ʱѾһһĿˡ
ƽջĿ⣬˵ǰϷ⡣
ԣһæʵܼ򵥣һֿˣҪͷͬѧͻֻҪӦǣôʲôУᾡ㡣
ԣƽ
ƺ룺ʲôҪ󶼿ԣ
˶һۡ
Ϸ
Ȼԣ
ƽѭ򽥽ڵ³С⣬ͷȽϽⲻ档
û⣬ϰɫһһѧ㸶
ƽ˵ô鷳Ѿѡַ
û⣬ϰ˸һȥǩַͬģ
·288š
û⣬ϡ˵⣬У쵼ӦһͣǴ㵣˵ʲôǲܣ
·
³ҵ֣￪ҵܲ򵥣ǳ򵥣رĲ򵥣
С⣿
Σ
У쵼Ҫڳ𣬾Ϳƽɳ
УˣһԼ취ɡ
ҪߣУ쵼ż£æ£
һҲһ䣺ͻС֪·ʲôطҪǲϴӦҲʵ
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һ˵Ҫһ¡
ƽֻһ㣬ĲУһҪؼҳԷ
У쵼ţ
ת߽Ϣ䣬ƽ̧һʱ䡣
м̳ٻҪʮң൱ڹ׵㣬һʾ޿һѧ²Ϊһѧ͸·һ棬ֻҪһѧ΢΢ʹҲǾԿԽܵķ롣
ôҲΪԼ
죬ٺͶһֱڵ³ҹϧڣϲ˵Ҳó䡣
ǿæһ
ûп׵ĳԴ˰̫ߣԶԼ
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ǣڵһѧ׸
ôǳ㡣
ܿ죬Ϣٴδ򿪡
λУ쵼һһƽ˵Ѿˡ
ǣ
ԣֻҪӦһǺĨǣҪ֤ÿ±ӯʱ䣬ºһ𣬵һѧȨջص̣
һž׵㡣

ⲻƽĿǷΧڡ
û⡣Цǳ졣
У쵼ƤЦⲻЦ졣
ƽ֪¼ǡ
֮ǰͻȻʲôˣǸ飬Ҳŷˮ
ƽŲס
У쵼ͷͻȻһԤС
Ȼ
һ̣ħ
飿ƽع治ɫļǮ
У쵼

ΪûĲ˵һѧÿʵĴ󵥣ƽٳʱʾ⣺һ
ԣ֣£һ
У쵼ǣ۽ǳ鴤
ƽѾߵתǣ׼뿪
ʱУ쵼ͻȻֵ̧˵ܶͨѶݣһ㶣ȻϽСܼסƽ
棬ȵȣ
ƽѾڣԿô
ӷУУ쵼ȻҲɻ󲻽⣬Ҫ㡣³Уİ칫ҡ
ʦ
ƽ˶٣ŵá
ϳźԴУڷɳۣתͣһϤĽǰ
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˵ӷڰ칫ҵ¥㣬Աָת뿪
ƽɫǰ
칫ҵſš
û߽Ϳڰ칫ϵֻ
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ȡTNS-37Ϣ
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ӷֽ߬ΪʲôƽĻף͸ʲôˣ
ϸ΢ۿƽָԽ
ҪڣȴӷֺȻɫһ
ڣʱš
ƺͣͨ
ƽĺ
ѭתȥ
ǻ
ƽĻס
ظ֣ûɤת˲ƣ
ʦʲô˼                        
лҪ˵ƽңƽǮ

רԤ˽һ¡
ͷˡbyԿ
һ仰ƼͷȻ͵͵ң
APPСʹֱӵרɼ
İ
һֱ͸ͥͷ
ϾλƽȫĸܣΨʱӲ
ǣżעȦĸͥ˰ѴģҲôСɣ
ֱĳ졣
һۣԼΪ˵һݣ˵Ȼһģһ
ĸ̬
⻹ûüһ̧ͷͿͷϤġ·ɱ˰Ŷ䣬ĿİͰ͵ءף
⣺
ˡ
ȫҡ
װģ
ϰף

벻İԵܲã
*1v1ͥ
*ǰ󻥳裬С


 24 

ӷֻش, ͵תƽ
㣡
ߵƽǰ, 㵽ʲô
ڷҿӿŵϣ, ЮѰٲ޹ʹ, һͷָⷺ֫ٺֻۿ, Ȼ̡
ӷͼԻ, 㡪
ȻĶѾԵ
ֻӳǰ˵Ӱ, Ҳֻһ𰸣ƽʲôϵʲôʱ̨ף
Ҳ֪ų˵ʲô
ƽ΢Ҫת
׼ߣ
۵׹ű˪, ̧ץסƽ, ܵĲ̸ܶ𣿽֪ȫ˵
֮ľ뱻ǿ
ƽҪ, ܿǽڷ׵ȭ, Ʋסزš
شҵ, ɤ, ȴʹԼ, ƽ
ƽ̧ۺӡ
⧲ײ˫ϤƺһըĤ
жȻӿɬ
΢ңԾ
ӷǡʱ˻ıʣְ̧סС, ʵ顣
ԭΪʱ˿̵Ļȡ˵û뵽ԭƵģȵƽ˳˳ѾˣŷӦ
ǰ˱ӷ֣졣
ãڰյֻսȭࡣ
ʶԼʧ̬
ӷֿȻᡣ
Ѿˡ
򶨵ųΨһ£ʧȥ侲һһ붼Ըٵȡ
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ΪµķӦŴԺͼ档
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ȴʦ𡣡
ӷ㶡
仰ֲֻս
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ʱΣպѾȶһȥ⣬Ƚ̽Ҳ޷зһ
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κҪ
仰ӻ˵Ҫȵһѧߡ
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λսԶĴڵ֪Ѷ֮ǿʱ䣬廳һղսĬҲ˶ѡ
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¼һ㣬ܿۻҡ
һϵͳֻһ۾ͼҵ֡
׷һ䣺㻹ģҿתˡ
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ĿһעƽŴ𰸡
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仰ѣӷҲʲôӣ첻ҪȥϷ޳㲻ȥˣ
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ƽڱϿƽӰӡӵģֻǶʩЧ򭣬˷С
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Ի뽩֡
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ƽȴܿµ뷨ûв𴩣ڣ
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Уüһ䣬ܿоԺ
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ӷվһԣҶͨ鸴ӣ㻹ڻѦڣ
֣ⷺ䣺ݣͬһƬֻҲĸʡ˶٣ߣܻƽ
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ԴѦȥ֮ǣһֱ΢ʣ֪ΪºƽΡ
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䣬Ѿߵǰվ
ָ°ҶŴڳȥƽԴ
û˿ĵ״˿ѹǻžˣͼĪеļ

Σ뿪ڡ
ꡣ
ΨһץסĹ⡣                        
лҪ˵дһ
µС~


 25 

뿪һѧ, ƽֱӻ˼ҡ
ڿ˺ֿӢҲڡ
ƽ, ʣѧУʲô£ǴƸ¼ȡ, ĵֿ𣿡
֮ǰ, ȻѾ˵˾֪
˿ƽҲ䡣
ƽӹһѧҡ
㣿ӢȻ򣬡ûô, ȷʵӦ, 㶼ѧѡ
ƽ
Ӣķϻ, ٺͶ˵˵ڵ³ǿһ̣ȫ⣬ÿ»β
۾, ţ𣿡
á
ƽʵ, Ҳ֪Ӳܻᱻû
Ǹп
ǵһѧһ־ͽǵȼü֮
ֻӢ, ͷʺš
ȫһǵһѧ, ôû
˶ܸ, Ϳġ
̫ˣǵĵ꿪ҵ, һҪλӡ˵, ˣ棬㿪ʲôꣿ
⣬ƽ
ϵͳʳķḻ󻯡
Դ, һ壡
ǵ˵ԼǸʦ
³֮ȥͼžۣûôţ׬Ǯ·ӣô˵Ǹᡣ
Ҳȷƽĵһѡ
ҪĲṩ߲ˣҸ֪֪׵˵ŷġ
ϵɡ
ʣʿ٣
нһº̸
զࡣ

ʥÿԴڿһҲ
Щģ᲻̫ˣ㿪겻Ҫ𣬿ÿ¹ǹʾ׵Ŀ׬𣿡
ƽһۣģ׬
ڨڨӣŤͷ绰ȥˡ
ƽת٣涨֮Ͷæ
ٸղű˵׵ŵòᣬ⣬׬ôǮһݹȥã֧ƽҵԵ˵ͷá
ӢƽʾԺҪȥѣȻıҸ˵ҵƳԱ̸ġ
׬Ǯĵһһʣѡ
Ҷϵ绰ʱСүݱƽ˵ͬˣܵ˵ǻڳ⣬һʱϲһ䣬죬ͼųǣôȱǮ𣿡
ƽ˵˽Ȥ󣺡Ǿ̸ɡ
˵ͷ
ֱƽתȥ䣬ź֪ʶԼƺһֱĪäĿƽĻ
ԷС
ţӢһŶƽ
棬컹òòμӿˣҪǲȥĻҲȥˣ

аɣ˱äĿ

ڶ졣
ӢäĿظƽȥ˿׼ȴһ˵볡
ֱͶӰ¶棬һ·ջעĿ
ӢһȻɣһĹҪڽװ
ٴν̧ͷĶס͵͵磬ұһڹҪʲô
ƽ治ɫͻ
ˣʮҵľ޶Ŀ꣬úԶ
ӢȫףͻĥԼϸתʣȵȣװʲô
֮ǰֻ뷽跨ڲע⵽ƽԭͬɫϵıĹҵģװ˲ٶ
ȥ֪ˡ
Ӣܲƽ⣺Ϊʲô
ƽĸ֡
аհ
Ӣ⣺
еίеŭ
ҷ
̫ˡ
ӢԱյͬʱƽѾߵͼڡ
ΧһƬ˲ˡ
˭ֿħһ·ǴֱĶδزġ
Ӣ˿
뵽оͷʱ޿̸ң̲סе̶ߵ棬֮ǰû˵ĿˣֱûдƿҽҪΪڹȣɱȫǰ
䣬ʮ뵹ʱӿս
ߵ˵׼ʲô⣬Ӣֻͷ塣
ʱֱ׼ʱ
ͶӰû˿Ѿڸߺ
漾棡
ˣǿϹɱķһ죡
ͼһ𿼺˵Ӱ
һ£ôӢ⻹һڴ
жѽôˣͷˣ㱬
ǲ֪ӢⱾҲԴ˷ǳѽ⡣
Ȼƽûиκ˽˼
֮ǰһ֮ѡһ򣬴Ӣ⾶ֱǰ
֪ôһ·û֡
ڽ˵ԱѾŭ˵ʱƽͣˡ
ţǷʲô𣡡
Ҳһ񣬸ϽͶӰ
ֻӢӲԶʯͷڵϣŰѱϵĹȡ
ʣȻأ
ƽȰѱ򿪡
óˡ
۵һţЯʽףһѲ˵һ۵㰸壬룬װƵ⣬һܷĲ֪壬һϺУһͰƿװˮԼһСƿʳ͡
ӢĿɿڴ
Ҳܵ˾š
ⱳǰٱôֶȡ֮ĸо
Ҳ̫ǿˣЩܳɣղȫиذ
һ£ֻһ˺˾Ҫ𣿡
ҿֻһ˿𣡣쳴һмУ
ӢҲܿ췢˲Ծ
ƽôĶһ
ɵֱסˡ
棬ǣ㡭
ƽҲ
Ӣ⣺
ˣ˵ɣô
ƽ˵ȰʳĴһ£Ƥп顣
ӢӶɳƤƤֵʮ򰡣
ĻҲȫǺС
ˣ˷ˣǿ
ôƤϴϴ͸ɾˣǿ

˵ԱãȻ
⣬սʵֱ
ɸĵл棬ֲܳʱ䱣ֳĬֻøɰͰ͵˵ãҿԿ棬ָĶѡò˵ȷʵеݳ޹
ֹݳޣ
ֱǰܼΪ
ӢСŵ¶һ⡣
ƽ̫ȥˡ
ƤǶʱʹԺ
ʼһȥٹ׵㡭
Ϊеʲôǿ
ϧǵźƽĶߡ
Ӣ𡣡
Ӣ⣺
ԭ
Ȼأ
ȵȡ
ƽʳͣ
ϵͳһ߸ףһ̲ס߶Ѿ߶һ¡
ΪʲôǱǮǱǮ˵еȶһܣߵȶܽˣ
һ
Ҷ˵ˣũϵͳҲϵͳ
ϵͳˣ
нⱬ㡣
ѣӦö׬Ǯִн̫˷
ֻǣǲġ
ƽװڴĴӽֶһζ
ûã硣
㣡ʲô
İŨǻòӢζ١
æѿˮȥ޲ô͹Ѷˣһ𣿡
ǡ
ƽʾŽȥ𡣡
ӢκԹԣí˾ųܣʣĻ𹻲
š
Ҫһ¡
ƽǶӢҪһ¡
û⣡
Ӣһ߳һڵ۾ˣⱲûŹôζ
ƽһۡ
ֱĺӣʶȷ̫١
ʱֻ
ôӢôǮʲôûԹǼаɣ
һǧǹ׵ζɣŸأ
û뵽֮껹ܿ⣬ҿˮҲˡ
ǰʲôˣ
ҪٷŵûζηŵϾƷŵϳ顭̫̫ˣ
˵ԱԽã
̲סѵڱ
ȴȶȻǡ
˵Ա
Ǳֱ
·ѡʧ䣬ѡ
ͷǰƽڼ
Žȥ
ʲôӢֱԼĶ䣬Ҫһųԣ
׵
ٵ㹱׵⡣
ӢԽܣ
ƽôԣ
Ӣ룺Ұ־ƹղһƿƣԭ֭ԭζҾñȽϺʡ

ֱֻ˲ó
Žȥ
Ӣֻò鲻Ը
Ȼ֮˫۷Ź⣺ʲôʱܳԣ
ƽˮ͵ϣйİڹϡ
Ȱ˷ӡ
ԽŨζӢꡣ
Ҳıֹ档
ƽӱóһ

ϵĶ룬泯Ϸźá
˵Աۼ⣬̷ڲͬף֣
ͷ
׵׺д
ȫի
ַ·288š
˲˻
Ҳ˰Ҳȫի
ǸĻۣƽһƽ
ҵӭԤԼ
ά
˵Ա
ˡ
ǰ˵ʲô
ٿأӰԶ
˹ˣ˵ԱͼرķΧһСӣ֪
Ļû˵ꡣ
ӰƽһۣĬŤͷˡ
˵Ա
ⳡ˾ôˣȥȥˣ
ȴѾʳ
˿ˣ
ӢѾȲ꣬ڹߡ
ڴؿƽܳ𣿡
԰ɡ
Ӣ⻶һ̴ӹһס
ǻϵߣȣճĲ˶˵ֻ΢Щ̿ڣԲȷ͸Ͻһʡ
㣡Ӣѿڶ̫óˣ
ƽ˵ֻǳϣЩ㡣
Ӣжÿˣ棬̫ˣ
ƽ˵в˵ͻȻһ٣ʲô
ȻڱǰţǰһͷŽ
һ̣

һ߿ޣ̲סһ
ģƽҲЦһ
õ豸ת˲ŵĵͳЦʵʱͣͬʱ¼΢𻡶ȵĴǡ
һھͷ¶Цݡ
꼻һ֣Ҳĳ
ڷ͵ּԭĵĻȻӺ
ЦˣЦˣ
ĶˣĶˣôģôô
ĽҼʣӢ̫˰ɣҲͼ氡
ͬʱ
»㱨Ļɨһۡ
ֱͶӰﺬЦĲϤ
ֻһ棬͸ƽüĿ̺ۡ
ų
΢
ع̧ȥ
ͶӰѾЦ⣬źƽ֮һˮͷѡ
ô˵쵽ڣûκϵ
û˿쳣ǳһ͡
ΪղǶͻأĳĬֻ˼æصǵġڰ˼׷кйϵ˺ţĿǰΪֹûвʲôۼ
飬ۼΪֹ
źǣų
Ҷͨ
ٴת
ֱμҵСԵֿЦ档
ԣղżЦΪ
֮ǰκͼĳ
һ⣬Էÿβüͷ壬ޱ顣
εʲô⣬ʲôϵôġ
ʥһ·͵³ǣҪͬסһҾƵ꣬һμӵһѧˣҲҪȥ·͡
ֻڵӣڱҲܰ
棬ԺһҪȥ
ٿȻֹ̧رͶӰ
Ȼֹ
վڼžķ
˱ۡ
˵Ŀġ
һ·ֹĵȴ޷ĵ׸
ô˲䣬ֻ벻ֶεõҪĴ𰸡
ףʱǱ
һʱѾˣûܴӼϲκҲ˿ûϵĴ㡣
ȵü
ȴȲ
һʼȨһֱڼ
ϣǰ
ܷװߡ
ҲԶԭؿݵȡ
뵽⣬˫
µһѧ
ǻ

֮ǰβͬƽֵɼΪο˻һԲľš
󿼺ͨСӣܻ51λлܰһ͵ڶķֲࡣ
˳ʱӢЦ졣
ܿʹԼѧʸϲڲ֪ٴζƽ˵ҵһҪңԺҪȥԷģҸǮģ
ķ˳̶ȣϵͳй֮޲
յ˵һѧʼƽҪȥһ·Լȥɡ
ӢʧŶ
ƽѾˡ
һѧôö·棬ʵЩ⣬ʵҲãٽ˰ѡ
˵ط
³ʱбĲſǰӵΧһ˳
Է΢ӷףʱԵư
֪˭߿һۡ
ƽڴҵĵһȦĴ¶һЦ
ҪΧ˵ͻȻʲô˴㵵ĻƵģԭء
ƽ࿴һۡ

ƽü΢㣿
ôܾȣ
Ŀüһɨִ̧288̽յĵţʾȥ
ҵ˶ӣȷʺϽ̸ĵص㡣
ƽڣɨһ̾ͽŽš
˿Ϸ죬ֱ⡣
øô𣿡
ƽû뵽ô׷ᣬЩͷۣųʶٴΣҵĻش𶼲䡣ظһ飬Ҳʶƽﲻæ
仰䣬¶轵
ת˲ָƽܿʶƺȶ
ãԷ˵
Ҫѻ˵ôԡֻųһ޺̣ͬڻûϡ
ǰƽţССһ̵Ȩв
ųû塣
͵̧ƽ
ĿʵʣƽϣҲҪңô壡
ų
ͻȻʣںʲô
濴ǣֻˮ﷭űϵı˪ļˣѧҵ
ÿ˵һ䣬̤ǰһ
£䵭ɫɢ档
ߵȼߵǿ͸仹ŵʱΪֵ
̹Ƥ϶
ΪĲɱ㡣
ɤ
趯΢ת䣬źâı׶ƾᣬֱָƽҪ
ɱң
ƽûб仯Ҳһ
ͣס
侲ڶȻžڻơ
Ҳʶƽﲻæ
أڰյı׶Ȼء
һ룬ǽԤװεض
ǲ񲻾˵ľ޹ɿѭ
Χ̱ر֡
ƽоҲ춯˺һü
񱻰ͣ
ٴΰ
ǰıǽֻһ˸ߣȴǡɸ˵ߡ
ƽ͸ǽֻܿŶģӰӡ
ʱӰӵķ
ϸ
ñ֪𣿡
ƽü̺
ҿԲ׷ʣֻҪҡ
źصı㣬ƽ飬ҲȷϣȻԵôǷбӰԵʡ
ң
š                 

 26 

ƽ֪ǻ塣
ֻϺ͡ƽϵ
˵
ĻǰȻıǽϡ
ܵڻָ侲
ڵĺҲʼɢ
Χı㲻Ϸըѵϸ΢, Ҳʼڻ
վԭء
ƽ, ʼմûƿߣֻ֪һ𰸡ֻҪش, Ҳ׷κ⡣
ȻԸǿ, 
ƽûл仰ʵԡ
ֻǴ֪˽Ļô
ԶԷıƽ˿, ͬһ仰ǿٶ, Ҳưոݡ
һ仰ͣ, ҲʧΪһ취
ڵȡ
ȻƽϷŹκϸ΢ı仯
ÿһӹȥĵĽƳɱ
͵ļ尾ûֱֻнյָĴʹ, ܴһ˿ѡ
ʱ, ƽڴߡ
š
˲䣬ʲôС
ˣ
ʲô졣
ǻþ
仰
Ĵ𰸡
ԭ, ૷ʣ˵ʲô
Ĵ, ҲȥϸƽĻ, ظһ飺
š
ԭʹ˫Ȼ׹ٵϣ, ڵƹ, þˡ
š
˵һ顣
ͻӴϲںȻըȲÿһѪܡ
Ķǲסصĺ
˽޹Ƶ졣
ݺݱ
ٿأƽҲѵ΢
ƺˮ⡣
ȷϣȻת, ûٶ˵һֱ֣뿪ˡ
ǵݲȵͦӰ첻֪ôЩǱ
һһϡ
ڳװ
ƽջߡ
ѾԼٴţҲûҪȥעԵϸڡ
Ӣ˿ˣڸæԼҵˡ

գ硣
¾
ö˲ɹ嵥˸µˣһܵ˵̲סǷԹһ䣬Ҳ֪һڰңôֵ°ҹ˯š
˵Ƕ档
ǰɣҾ;úܽ
˵ţƽͻȻӵӢ硣
棬ôûʱ䵽ֹ˾ˣ
ƽҲȥ
ӢɵˣΪʲô뵽ʲôǽѧ𣿿ǵһѧҪΪʲôûѧѡ
ƽѧ޹ء
һѧĿγ̶û̫ãһοˣȥ200׵㣬Ψһĺôջȫի档
Ӣⲻ벻һ㣬ֻеʧеϧðɣȻֵĻ
˵ˣҿڵ㣬Сһ㣬ᱨ㡣
ֲ꣬˵˼䣬ŹҶͨ
ʱҲѾ꣬״һֹۣ
ֻ廹״⣬ƽ˿У˵Ͽ¹ӰɡҲ˽һ³ǵĿζ
ʱֹĶ
Ҳ֪ĵַ·ȥһ£ѹ
էҲ·ƽʲôԲף¹˽Ŀζ϶㲻Ǯ˵ͷ
ûøô˵ƽ
Ҳáһ룬֪һҲ
һ㶣ôУ˵á
ƽָ̧ѹĻѾǰɡ
⡭
忴򶡺
ʼ磺ϰ壬˵㡣
ֻøվ
Ȼֲ˼ɵƽ棬Ī뷨
ǡðɡ
Ѿף򿪷ţתʣȥĶԣ
԰
·ΨһһҲ֪ѻжߡ
һۣȥô
Ļû˵꣬ͻȻ
ʶתȥ
ϢĲȫϡ
뿴ҹҵھӵǸʲôˣ
ܿ죬һӰڳ
ֹӢ䡣
Ϥúܡ
Ϥöˡ
˫һӦ˼죬ѿڶ
ųã
һۣߺƲɨƽŵôɡ
һᣬת뿪
̶ƽźסǶţ
ƽüıӰƬֻ̣˵Ǹˡ
ֻǿѹĳȣʹһϳȥ԰
Ƿ㣬Ｘ
ʱ·żλ
λá
ˡ
Ͻƽڣѣ
ƽѾ
Էһǰ꣬һˮ˻ûϡ
ǲߡ
̧
ײüּˡ
ִߣŪֻ
ƽüͷ΢
̬ƽ쳣˵ɺϺܱܿͺ쳣
Ͼڻ֮󵽵Ĳ²Ҳһ׼ȷ
ȳԷ
༸˾ûӻǿһٷԵ÷ǳ
󣬶æ飺ˣȥ￴ӦѾװˡ
Ƕ־ǣƽûоܾɣá
뿪ʱע⵽ǰĲ˼ûж
棿
ƽǡʱĿ⣬ǰȥ
ȫիб棬ʱװеľΧס˲˵ע⡣
߽ʱڸƷſڵۡ
ȫիֺù֡
Ͳ˰ɣؾ߲ˣĻȵһ֣ȫի˵ʲô߲˶
ϰ廹ܴоԺɶ˵ֻ

ֱŸɿһƽʲôĲĸ֣
ҲЩΡ
ȫիͷȷʵܺãѻ߲˵ζʵ̫ǿˡ
٣ʵҲ̫ƽΪʲôҪΪȡ֡
ƽֻҪġ
ûн͵˼˶һۣҲûʡ
ڵתһȦƽǴкȥ⡣
ȻƿΧľţ̧ͺһԵ˶ӡ
²
Բɺϡ
ĬƬ̣ϵֶ˶¾ϵĴɱǰͷȥϥϵʼͶӰ
Ϳ԰͸ˡ
˭޷͸ˡ
ԴƬϢĵطѾÿ¡
Ҵŵһ£Ҫ
ƽߵǰ
ԶӰӴϣװ˵ȥ
û̧ͷʲô£
ƽȿһûϡ
ֱоԺзĲάصӪҺѺȵ˼㣬һϵԸӪҺζҵЩƷ궼ŸƷʵţȡ
ӲϲЩ
ֵط
ƽżɽڼҡ
˵³ǾôżΣҲֵôС֡
ƽ˵׿ڴӦ£ôˣ
ŷˮ̧ۿֻӦ׷ʡ׷𣿡
ƽüͷ
ϵļֳϡ
ɶԷ֣Ʊػ˵ע⡣
棡
Ȼһ
ƽת󲽹
ԶʣΪʲôȥ
ƽû뵽ҵ
·ѾΪ˼ɣиݵģǣΪѧ𣿡ƽڣ˵ǵĻҿԽһǮһѧķѵ࣬Ҫ׵һЩƷ
ƽԭҪлĺ⣬仰΢
һѧÿķѵǿԣѧʵֻȥ⣬ڸǿѵͬʱɽ̹ٴѧѧϰɱޡ
ƽҪѧϰɱޣҪܶ
ûܰսֻܿԿԭĻá
һѧй̶ѵأȫʩȽȫѡ
ҲãԽѵʱ䣬û侲
ʱƽյһѧ롣
ͨ绰ˣѡ
СⲽΪƽûбļǡ
һȷŸʵҲܷŹ
ǵһѧ֪ʲôʱǩأ
ƽҪڣһԵķ˶٣ת˵ȥˣѧѡ
⣡ѧѣȫ⣡
ѵװҲ𡣡
ѧУ׼
Դǹ
ȫֻҪʲô

վԭĬĬţȵͨ˵ŵ㣬ѧ
ƽסߣһֱûпϳ뿪
ƽͬûԭؾ
Ҳûȥֻ˵ڡ

˵ڶ죬ƽŵ׼ʱص㡣
һѧʼѧұţûٺӢһӣϳ֮ǰ˷
ԷͬһӣҪĿĵزټ档
Դʱ˽
ı챣ǲҪٵˡ
֪ǵĽ̹ٻ˭Ҫǿһ㣬˵ܸǼӷأ
Σ̹ǿ󣬲ָǵһ㣬һȺϺȵġ
ƽţû
֪ʱȥã΢΢һΡ
ˡ
죬̹پǰ棬߿ߣ
һƬæ֮䣬ƽӳ
ȷһŷıӰڲԶͦΣһѧУۡ
ⱳӰʮ졣
ƽǰ
ĶԷѾɢǰĵͶӰת
̾
־ϲžη
ų                        
лҪ˵벻ɡ

 27 

ǻ
ǻ
Ȼǻ
ƽ¶ס
ͲӦڻǰ˵Ĵ㡣
, ǲǣ
һ⵷һ, , Ͻȥ, ĥʲôأųɲǺǵģ
ǵĻųʱҲƽߺܿӹ, תǰĶ顣
ڼװֻһż
ߴߴֵȺÿÿɨĿס, һƬ
ƽͷ˿
Ĺ㳡, ͷܶ
˳ԴѾѹ˵뿪̷ص³ǵĺ·
棡
˳м
ƽѭȥű
˵ѵҪ˫˴սϰ, , 𣿡
ˣƽͬˣԡ
ɫ΢ɣллȥϰɡ
š
򼯺ϵص㡣
ձ˳, Ӧ֧˶ǰ, ڻĵ, ѧǾµҪ, Ҳƴǰ, ҪĿλ֪ǿżķɡ
é®ôܼù޳ܵѧ
ʱ򣬷ֻüǰ˿ƽҪǰ𣿡
ƽԻûôȤɡ
˵ͷá
Ȼ˵κֵһ֧, Һܸˡ
ƽתʲô
Ŵ棺֪ҵʵ㣬һŬԽġ
ƽƴĿԴ
ûã㳡Ͻװ
ΪѾߵ֧֮ǰ
ߴңȺѰʲô
ѧʶ̧ͦͷվñֱǰúñ֣䲻˵
ǰ
վǰŵʱâڱҲڻǰϽŤͷ꣬صԼλá
Ҳƽ˵ȥǰ棿
߹ȥʱ۾ų˼û뵽Ҹ˵һУܾǰϷ޳ԭΪⳡѵ𣿡
⣬ƽĬԶԡ
ҲûõĻӦֻ˵ǿߣǵĽ̹ǵİһܴ󣡡
ʱѾߵڵλǰ
ƽԹ
˵Ҳ̫ù˰ɣȻָʮǿ϶װ
˵겻ǳһͦţ鵽󾺼ˣֻʮࡣʮְ
һٶҲοмֵܵʮ𣿡
ǵǡ
ܿ죬㳡ְ
ǿĽ̹٣ÿ˵ʮ㡣
ֻվǰŵֻƵʹ˵вܿĻŵֱʿˮС
Ȼ̹Բ⡣
·飺ȫտ˳жӡ
һ㶣ȻϽΧ˽Լܻ֡
ƽҲյѯʡ
ǣֶ٣
Ѿ߹ķƽش𣺡Ļ51Ȼƽ˵ҵܻ22û˳20
ŵѧǱȫ20£ѾͻȻһ50ͷģһݡ
51ܻ֣ǲ˵һ
ҿô˧һΪǸС
ҲƽԾ̾
ʱޣǻ죬˳Ѿ塣
ƽʡ
վڵһŵһλ
ȵٴΰʽҽܣǺãǻһʱ䣬ǽȹڷѵĹУҵǵĽ̹١
Ҳ߳䵭ȴù㳡ϵѧ˼ѪƵļ
ǣ̹٣
⣬һѡһλΪҵ֣ҽдսϰ
㳡ϱˡһ
ѧǸ̾Ľʺ޵ߣ׷ޱȰûԼΪʲôһ꣬ϲ
ֻƽѾĳԤС
ҲȻһ̣ƺĵ
쿼ܰߵС
˵˲ۼƽϡ
Ԥϣƽûо̫ȡ
ίܾѾдѡˡ俴̬޿ޣ̹١
о۽ϵ˲óԾ㵣ֱţ
ܾԻ룿
ֵܣ
˽
δ̫˰ɣǿǻ
ǣĴĻᰡ
ſ̹ٿ϶Ͻˡ
ȻеſƽЦ˸еǡ
ȥûн˭˵˼ֻüʣѡ˭

֪ʶԼ¶λã̹٣
ȥһۣҵĴ𡣡
˵ʾ䣬õȴǿ϶
ƶеڶ𰸡
ƽԭΪԷĶ־ᡪ
ɷظٶ֮죬һͷ
û̹٣
ƽĬˡ
ת΢䲻ײǳǳȣ棬С
ѱúԥƽֻÿǰһ
ˣ顣ʮӺ󼯺ϡ
䣬ûټԭأתƽ
ǣèצӡ
ʲô
ײΪʲô
ȵȣ
֪֣֮ǰʶ𣿣
ϧЩ⣬û֪𰸡
ͬʱ
Ѿߵƽǰ򿪡
ƽѱݸʱ˵ףֻ˷Լʱ䡣
ڵֶ˶٣޹ء
ƽ԰ѻųƽҡ
֡
ͷɬ
ٿȻ̧ƽӡ
һΣֻʣûŭĲ
֮ǰ̸ŵŵõǾ仰㹻һڻųĴݡ
ŵ
ֻӦ׷ʣԵȴò׷ʵķʽھ
𡣡
ŻƽΪ侲
侲ԼݣҪյĻʲô̹١
ãڿڡ
þߣҪ׼
Ҫʲô
ƽһʱûиת˼·ų
ޱ飺ֻĽ̹١
ʶû뿪Ĵ㣬ƽü¡
ظһ飺þߣƷһᰲű˰㱸á
ءƽ𱳰ȻβҲٰ׷ѿ࣬ҵƷڻص
Щòϡ
ƽԴʣֵȻ
Ϊҵ֣һ£Ҫסһ𡣡                        
лҪ˵û뵽ɡ

мӸٱȽɶʱдɶʱ

רԤ˽һ¡
ͷˡbyԿ
һ仰ƼͷȻ͵͵ң
APPСʹֱӵרɼ
İ
һֱ͸ͥͷ
ϾλƽȫĸܣΨʱӲ
ǣżעȦĸͥ˰ѴģҲôСɣ
ֱĳ졣
һۣԼΪ˵һݣ˵Ȼһģһ
ĸ̬
⻹ûüһ̧ͷͿͷϤġ·ɱ˰Ŷ䣬ĿİͰ͵ءף
⣺
ˡ
ȫҡ
װģ
ϰף

벻İԵܲã
*1v1ͥ
*ǰ󻥳裬С

 28 

ͻסһ
ƽΪڿЦ
, ɢ, һԴͣԡ
󳵴¡
һۣϳ
Χ˿ƽʱ˳ªļʡ
ѡΪ֣
ͻһһദ
ھȻܺͻͬһԴ
ֵ̫ܡ
Ҷѧ, ƾʲôĴôڲͬ
ֻкƽվһķ, Ϊټ򵥲
ƽʵǿʵһǰзѵ, ҲΪֻƽ, ʸʱ
˵, ˵ƽλʱ
ȵʲôʱ˼ʵ˵ΰɡ
䣬ƽͻԴѾ뿪, ԥת, Ϣ
쿪ʼʽѵҪ
ıӰнԶ, һԵļѧһ, Էϵա
˹, ô, һһ񣿡
ǰ , ǸҲˣܰһĶðģ
֮ǰעһˣѧȽϿصѡ֡
ƨѡ֣Ǻǰּ򵥵ͱ̭ˣ
ûʵôװģ, ҿܲˣô̽λôѧ
а
͵仰أ

뿪Ϲ㳡ƽͻһ̹Ϣ
ѧϢ̹ͬϢǵһѧѵصĽṹ֮һ
Ҳ˵ڵ¡
ûпɳҲûҹ²
ֻкµģͲʱṩˮԼ̹רľӪ͡
⣬һѧΪ׼һ׷
׷ǰ
򿪷ţתƽ𣿡
ƽһۿݡ
䡣
ڿռĵ£Ѿ൱ˡ
ò˵̹ٵססر
ȻԭѾסһ׼
Ȼиʵĵطαֿԡ
治ɫסԾС
Ѷ£ʳڸ¥
ƽ
ҴΪ棬ǵһιȫ벽һʳá
ոսһʳĵĽ̹١
һš
ѻȸ
ƽһŵʱϰһ㣬Ҳû⡣
ϾǱϵߡ
ɢ츳
һӣղŻָ
ƽѾߵȡ̨ùһλ¡
͵
ӪҺƽЩ⣺ͳ
Ȼû뵽ƽڣ˶٣ŵš
ἰͣҲʶƽĲɨһۣüͷڲԾ¡
ִ䡭
ƽ
в˵ƽȴǡʱߡ
ӪҺֻս
֮ǰĳŵûѯʣֻĬƬ̣ջߡ
ƽҲûм˼
ֻͻȻ뵽ǰĻ޵ĽٻӪҺʳ
ȥ˵Ŀζǻġ
˶ٿڡ
ǰǰ
ȾӪҺ󣬷¿ƿתֻ䡣
רעһĴ
ƽںˮļ϶һۣſڴһ̾
ۣÿ
úܡ
ƽתߣԷѾ
棡
Ӣһ·СܹźɣôҲ
˵껰ſƽĻԭŷɣһų
ⱲµˡӢࡣ
ַȥȡһݲ͹СƽߣƨֻҰŰ߰ʣԱʱܡ
Եһ룬̲סֿʼ
棬ûҷֵһ飬̫ˣ
ƽ֪ͷͲβûнӻ
ӢȴһԹ˵ȥܰһ˻֮󣬾һֱսңûڣҸ˭Ҳ򲻹ŵϢһءҺҰʶҵĽ̹٣Ҳӹһ٣
˵⣬һңƵģƽķһټˣĽ̹˭ҰҲʶĻתȥһ飡
Ȼӵ´˴ָֽᡣ
СҲ⡣
ڹƽл˵ҵĽ̹٣ʶҲʶ
ҶʶӢ۾һ˵𣡡
ƽ°΢̧ڶ棬׿
ڶ桪
Ӣһ̧ͷͺͻ˫Ӷӣಡų
ĿӶ˽ŵֱɨ
Ӣ󱳷ЦɣʲôҾǿЦ
Ͻ֮˺ܾãǹܲסȰ˵죬ƽ˵˵ܰһѵûս𣿡
ƽ԰
ûС
ǡ
ûǲûеġ
ڶ졣
Ļѵ󣬻ƺҪæӾ뿪ѵ㳡
֮ǰſ˻ʹȨޡ
ڵʱ䣬˿ʵսϰ
ڻ뿪󲻵һӡ
ѧΧסƽͷ
һ´ƽӣ˵ǽ˵ĵһ
һ˸𲹳䣺ǲ˵Ҫ𣬲磬һ
һиŮ߹ü˵ʢɣ꼶۸һ꼶˼𣡡
æ˵ǺѧѺд裬ᡣ
˵꣬Χ˼üŪۣǰɣ
ǰǰ
ΪѧȻҪѧܸһ´ůˡ
֪Ⱥ˵ıԣŮüͷûɿ
״ʢתƽѧܣò˰ɣŮ˺棬ȵȥĻ⣬ǻӵŶ
ƲƲ죬鼥˵һλνһսŵϢһأòᣬҲ˰
ɫһ㡪
ƽ΢ֹ̧֣סĶſˣʵôȣ
ʢʧЦ⻹˵
ײֿƫƫͷЦò⣬
Ȼǻˣ            

 29 

һͬǰײֿѡ׵ʱ, ղŰƽͷ˵ĳŮ߹
ǲҪĵϴûεĵ, ʢ꼶, רϵ, μӹܶλ׵ıζܸߣ֪Ǻ, ɽƾ, ǵĶ֡
˵, ˸飬ǿȻϢҸطȵ̹ٻ, ǾͲôˡ
ƽ
Ȼƽ, ǰĶͣ
Ҷ, Ҷͬѧ, ûҪǵһɣʢƤЦ߹, ˵Ѻд, ѧԼӦ, 㻹ʲô֡
ҶŭʢôɣͲ½̹ٻ鷳𣡡
Ƥ𪣬һŹֱ, ˫ոϵѪɫɫɲ͡
Ҳʢ˲ᷳԭ򣬲żȺԺƭ
¶ۻ࣬ƽһתһѡװɡ
θͦεס˿Ҷߡ
״ʢɫ΢ѧܣȰ㲻Ҫ¡ָǵд裬ɻûʼ
ƽڶԷ˵䣬ײֿǰϢʾɨһۡ
876װ
˵ҲֻеһѧᱣЩϹŶ˰ɡ
˵Ҳû
ǰһסA876ͺŵĵһ׾Ѿг̭
Ͼ𹥷˵װܻеʮ㣬սǿȴŴƤͲڷ㣬󲿷ҪսĲߣøС
ƽӴĵһ̨ףͺžA876ȻĺøС
ʾֱӲA876ĻײţΧ̲סȳ
Ǳɵ̨׺ʢǶԴ򣿡
ҿԱɣҲղҶˣʢɾμӻױḻʵֲձôܴù
ҵã
ʲô˼
밡ѡ876ʢ˼ѡԼֵĻ𣿿϶ͺˡôһ˫ٻʵǾȵġ
˻Ȼ
ȥʢˣȻԷɫ̫ÿ
ԭˣ
ֻҶﻹɻ
ҪѡףҲп棬ΪʲôҪѡȱԵװأ
ͬ⣬ҲС
ƽʵѼ϶Էһĵûжʡ
ǣûƽźʵѡʱǽ˸Ϥͺš
һֱʢײ˿Ȼתɵ˵ͷЦݡ
ȻԭֻһССıղҶļ仰Ȼ˲˵ע
һʮʮ٣ƺӵ˶ѾۼΧ
ʢȴŭϲ
еĳ
һһҪӮƯ˵һµķѵҿɲȺһƻüǿ˭ĵһ
д⣺һͿʼҲȷʵѡһϴˡ
˶һۣԷϵڱصá
Ҳֿſڡ
ϷʢЦһҾ档
ղźѾ۹ûԥ־ѡһ̨ףѧѧǼʶʶȭͷǰһıƶûõġ
ѡζúŨ֮ϵġûиȥˣɴڣ̲סʼߴ١
ǾͿ쿪ʼɣ
ǰʲôأ
˵Ļ֮еЧʢؿƽһۡ
ƽֻʣ̨
˿ţʢЦüȻŵãֳֿɵĳءʤ
򵥶˹ƽͷѡĻȥ
˵ıӰʢ˵潻ң㾡Ǹ

ʢͣղ˵ֱСӺȷʵеè壬ûĩûֻͨѶܿزһǾսپ̽һʵ˳㣬
˴꣬µľͽȡ
Ǵĵ׾Ӯľ棬ʢѡ׺ѡģҲͷһԼֵĻס
Ҳֿ߽ΧȺںӿһƬ
ԭصҶԥƬ̣ڴ⣬һϢȥ
ʵҲûб̫ϣֻľͺã֮󿴵ϢͳɹıʶͼӿŲҴҸ˴󲿶ӡ
˫Ѿء
ײֿĵ̨ǵһѧΪѵ⽨ģɹۣ̣ΧнһĹϯԱѧϰ
һжǳ⡣
ʢá
תҵҶ˻֡
Ȼƽͷ˵ѧܣҾͲˣ
䣬лƵͨѶɴкֱƽȥ
ƽһۿ˲ԡ
ԷĶó칥ࡣ
ֻ׾ֶܷԷŲɣӦһӭǰ
ôϣʢˡ
ͨѶƵЦɣ㡪
û˵꣬ɼѣСģ
ʢһ㶣ϽҰ
876װĴŵذ壬һ·Ѹǰ˫̨Ͳ뷭תɫģԴȻš
ʢͫ׽
ÿ죡
ǿʶŶͻĹһ£ǰɹڵЩ˻׻ģģʽУð亹
ֻһ˲澹Ȼͬʱô
еʵ
ⳡӮƯǲܵˡ
ʢջ֮ǰӡ
Ȼ
ڹϯһƬУƽӻױγ˫ؽ˺ѷʢ
ȻѾˣ
ʢƫͷȥ̲ˣұԴǹȫλɨ䣬Թأͼƽ
ϵǿԼ侲һˡ
876ǹǿĻףûҪԼԿԷŵ㡣
ƽ롣
ţʢ֣һֱڸġءѲ876װƽĲ£Ȼɵߡ
ÿһιɶ
ɶԷÿһι亹
ڶԷܲ͸Ĺ£Ȼ޴Ϣء
ôܣ
ʱƽڿһת׼ɡ
⧲Ӳһ
ԭ·ķץסʱŤתս֡
ͻȻ⵽ŭʢʲôԵģŸտʼ㲻Ҫˣ
˵ųտһ۶ѷȴȻ֣ʢղŲΪϷˣѹͷ˳ǣƽĶ֡
ſֲӣÿһζܣѾǱ
ƽϾսͬʱŶߵ
ĵȻһɲԤС
ⳡĻᾡ𡭡
ȻŵսݲȥЩǰǿĶѾ
Ѿס棬ƽջߡ
עһʱöѹαǡ
ʢ׵ѾٵӰԺԥ˵һ״̬õһηӡ
ǣϾʶ٣ֵٶǱôһ֡
ϣȴԶ׷ϲϵһ֣
أƽµĴת
ʢҧء
ȻˣƴսҲǲԣ
һ֮䡣
ɫ״׷ڻ𣬻ǰ˫ؽƿЮŨѹȸкݺϮ
죡
ѾƴޣٵʢָͻȻΡ
սһ˲
װĹڻһָ
ʢӦֻüһҡΣڰշĶȻʧظʹѣ֮ء
ʻںһƬ
̭
ϯ
һƬš
ֱʱʮ롣
ʮ롣
̭
ŨһڵĻױʾס
Ϸ绯ĴתΪ𾪶͡
꼶Իûʽѧһ꼶
ˣ
ܵôɣô⣿
ΣҶĳŮȻ۾ƣã
кùγѡ
һ̣ڳڱ졣
֮ģը
ȥǴ˵еһҲ̫ǿ˰ɣ
ֹǿֱǿ÷డ֪ÿزģ51ֵı̬ôûעأ
ֱҿˣ51֣ǰ51֣һ˼ǽȥġ

ûɣ꼶ʢɶɷˣ̫ţ˰ɣ
һӰһӣ²һѧһɣ
ղʢſڽҪθѧϿΣ¿ɺã˰ɣ
ɲǣʱ滹ûʲôӦ˵Ҫ˼ʵҪʢ֪ʲôߵغ񣡡
̨ʢҲܲ³˵ʲô
ɫ콻ӣ޲굽صףԭʧ
Ŀ֮³ôĳڻŲҪ汩¶ڹڵƤ£ĲҰȣݵĳ䣬Ҳһֱڶ߻졣
ʾ֭ҳֲİ취
ֻҪؾ棬ʲô
ƽվ
ͳԵɤûΪղŵսһ˿仯Ȼ·ƿȫĴ͸ʧȣڳڻơ
һ
սֵĹһĿʶ׷ƽӰ
ղһӵľʣ˿̻ΪǻѪڴǲԾź
һһ                        
лҪ˵ʣһ£ܻ

 30 

ʻ
ϢĹٴδ, ӳճʢֵı顣
ѾĬ˺ܾá
ʱ, ̲סʣô죿
֪ô죿
ʢȥ, ֻʣһָ, Ȼʲô¶ֻŭҧ˵ʤǻλᣡ
ֹ
ղǳΪʱһӶĲҰ, ˶ܿó, ǸƽͷĶ֡
Ҳ˵, ˼ƽһ˵Ķ֡
ʤ
ǿֻپҰܣ޴ѡ
Ѿڷⳡˡ
ԭȰʢ, ڿ, ʢû㡣
ʢӵµ׸, ˵һ, Ը˼, лս, ǵ, óսԶ̹Ȼֵסҽ˷һϣ
̾˿
, ס棬ڶ೤ʱ֮ڽأ
ʢѾŭͷԣȲһʤȥϴˢղŵ衣
ϯΪƽźԽԽ󣬸ͷ
ԸöսͰڳսƣϣ
޿κΣֻýųȥ
ڶʱ󻶺
棬棡
һӽǣ
ʢԾ⵽ƣǰƽ
սⰻȻúã
ʢЦһٶ漴
ʱһתöԴ䡱ţֱֱƽ
ɵ͵Ϯ
ȻƽƺԤϣֻײ׾ٴöԴ֮们г
ûܼǰٶȡ
״ѾһصӰ
ӾͰƽпǰĴʱٶ֣ûʤġ
ʢͨѶƵŭ𣺡ɣס
ɿЦ
ԤС
һֲס
ȻʮӣͱƽƷߡ
ڳٴαĻУĻٴε¡
̭
֮󣬳˵ϣƽûм֡
ؽԭأԶԶŷʢս
ܿ죬ϯ˷֡
ԭ·ķǽҵս࣬ÿһֹûãͺʢƽ֡
ȣʤеʢȴüࡣ
ҲȤ
ʢҪ˰
ûУָ
ָöѴʢţе˰
ʱһһƣʢеĽƾһһ
ƽ
һֶµĿꡣ
Ѿˣûܴ
ͷƽͿʢ˳۵˸
ôʢûԷôһ꼶ѧܶ򲻹ˣ
Ͻɣû˻Цģ
ʢҧأȴ䲻һ
ڡ
ƽĻԥȫ汬ʢڽڰˡ
ƴŤתս֡
ϧѾˡ
̭
ʢĻ׵ɳȥսƣòŻع
ƽҡӮˣ
š
ƽŹǸƣò
ͻȻĿ佱촽̵øáлл
ƽԷ츳ܿãܴ󡣡
ԥƬ̣˵бزƵһ𿴣𣿡
ƽҪش𣬾ʢ
һ
üͷƽǰʤѾˡ
֪ʢ˵ˣҲҪǵǸǺǿҺɵȷǡ
̹ϴķȣΪӮ˲ٹڵӡ֡
Ҳɫʲô˼
ʢܿش𣺡˵֣ѾˣҲϣⳡʼա
ԴǳϿҡ
䣬̨ϾȻơ
˵úã
ǰһɣ
ƽ𣿡
ʵսǽĻ
ƽûоܾ
ԡ
Ժ˫׼
ʱϯԵĳгࡣ
ƽû̫⡣
Ϊ˴ﵽĿĶڸĵˣǰ˲֪
ǰ޷ǾⷬΪԼһµ̨ףûʲôϡ档
Ȼֱʼûãܿߡ
ȡ
ʻĻףսʱķӦٶȣࡣ
ϯ˸͡
ǿȱϾʢɣϣҲѧѾˡ
仰˵˺ܶˡ
ƽҲйͷһš
Ϊ״̬ͻȻ»ôء
ҲȻûãͨѶƵ𣺡棬ҵĻ׺ˡ
ϣ
侲Ӧ֣֫ҪУ
ɱڽУûʱУݡ
ʱʢԴܲ͸ɨ
๥ҪǱ˶֣ɵ˺ޣƽ̧۵סҪλܿ롣
ӵڼػ𻨡
ƽҪָȴٿضס
֡
ĻƺҲ˹ϡ
쳣ǻױ⡣
ѵǸղŵԴĸλ
ƽ΢ת䣬ʢѸԶ룬ûϡ
ҫ۵ԴΪɣ˹
ƽҰ
ٿأ϶һ١
ûпԴﻹŽɫӰӡ
ܵĲ֡
ƽ⽥
ڻ׵ıϣǾԽֹģɿʢ̶ȣ˽ûϰܲԴҪǳ׼Ŀ
츳Ŭ˷аϡ
Ŀ̫ǳ
̨Ҳ˷ƽĲԾ
ôҲˣ
Ҳ˰ɣӮѹԶʱʤҹĻܴ󡣡
Ȼ϶Ȳ꼶ġ
ǰʢǵӣټҲġ
˵Ľ̸Ҷҧҧ촽
Ҳ˵ԭ򣬿ܾûô򵥡
ʢôȵˣղһ
ղſƽʵĲ٣ٿµ̲סֻһ֮ǰϢ
û뵽ϢȻлظ
һȥþյġ
̫ûʾ
ϢҲܼ򵥡
תˣѧ֮Ĵ֣ųӦòԤҲҪϹˡ
Ҷʧ
Ҳ⡣
ݣ̹Ѿ𽵹ôܻںС¡
ɽ̹ٲҪʢ
ҵ죡
ͻȻֱըĻҶ
Ͻ̨ȴԲ۾ȵ˵
ֻ̨룬̨¾ɵ876װ˫ſͲȫƳԴϱȥΧһѤ񻨣ĿϾӣ
̶ʱڲ֪ʲôѾ˳ƽһԶȻûаơ
876Ͷԭء
Զ̹ҲǿƣλǷһ¶ְԵ̨
ڻͷĶֱȽ£Ե˹âɣ
̨סѵҪ𣿡
ǲҪǼͰЩڰɡ
찡ٶȾж죬ûײϵĹ
ԭװֱƬһ𺳰
Ѿ̭Ļ׻ǿôף浽ʲô̬
Ҷۣá
ͻȻ뵽֮ǰʢ˵Ǿ仰
ȭͷǰһıƶûõġ
ڹǰһĻ
ʢɱú޻֮
㳬ǿӣҲӵα̭Ķˡ
̨׵κݺݵɳȥ֮󣬹ѾƽѪ̽֯ǿ۷
̨ɫĻףҲӢһѪڡ
棡棡
ʱһӰ˳ͨԶ
Ļ̨ߴ
ƽûӼʻճ
ٿأһֵҰת
̨ϵӰ˲䲶׽
˳ƽתķ򿴹ȥ
ˣǼȫλϵ
̹٣
΢ת
һ̣Ȼšü˭ڻײֿʹùܣ
ױʹܣǿɳܵף
ѧǴ󾪣׷װ֣±ᡣ
ңǸų̂
ĿҲûд̨ƿ
ƽѾ򿪼ʻա
ֱĪϣԥ

ָŵʢŭû뵽ԼԲˬ첻ûãô׾ͱ
ɵŻ棬ôҲܳ£̹٣ҡ
ϰܵȴʢĴ㣬أʮȦ
ǰĸֳڵʱ򣬲μӹѧǾȻһأʮȦݴͣʢʱӲݱΪͬ顣
һ°ûˡ
ͬʱƽ͸˺ܶࡣ
ϾƽĻʢôĴ
ˣʲôϵ
˶ôš
ʢ»ףͷߣ׼ִлĴʱȻ顣
̹٣һͿʼˣҪһӳʵôǿԸָӣ
仰ʢ̣ʵ˫۷졣
ֻϧЩ˷ѾĻҲõĶƽȤ
÷ָӰɣҲʺϡ
ֳֺõĲ£ʺ
ѧһ㶣Ϊʲôʺϣ
ƽĬƬ̡
ƳԭصĻ뵽һɣҪýֵ̹Ĺܷġ
ѧ
Ϲİɣ֮ǰԸְ
ƽκλû飬Ѿתʣȥҵ𣿡
Զ΢
ת̨ƽ˵Ҫҵ߷Χ֮ڡ
㶣һıάֲסȻԼˡ
Իûн
ƽüղŻ뿪
˵һˡ
ƽѾٿʲôֻ˵ԸšתĶ
âڱ
ǿıʹͬͬţҲҪƽȥ
ߵһ롣
ƽȻʲô
عʻ֮ǰЭ黹𣿡
ʲô
˵κϢ˻еĹ׵㶼ҡѾ˵ˡ
ʶƽָʲô˶١
֪ƽٸκϢԻص
ʱ޹ڣЭϡ
ϵͳԺ﷢һİ

 31 

Զ̹ǵĺ硣
ڵرϢ, Ҳ൱ӡ
˵ط, һ, ȥ
ڿռС, λ;ռ˴󲿷ֿռ䣬һԵӵ
ȴͷȡůõԴ, Ȼæ, ƽͻȽ, ŷ
ĲϸĿ䣬ڲסХķʶȸ¼ֱ֮
Ŀɨڵİ裬ƽϡ
ƽ治ɫ, Է˵㿽Ƶһ¡
޲, Իֻ򿪸ղűͶӰ
̸, ƽעͶӰ, ֻʱʱ, ȵȫطſ, ͷ˼, Կһۡ
֪ڲ鿴ʲôϢ棬
лл㣬档Ȼ˵ⳡָ, Ұܶࡣ
ƽջߣȱٵľʵս顣ⳡѵĻᡣ
䡣
ͻȻһ
𼷱𼷰ǰĸϽ
ͻȻŴﵹˣһƨˤڵϡ
ƽתȥ
ǰʱһƬ
ˤڵصѧϽҳģһǰһ߷ĺף
㣬ʲôˣ
ԣʵ𣿡
Ļһء
򼷵ǰһԴǰӰӶû䵽ǰˣһ嵽Ķߡ
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棬Ƕ꼶ģԿᣡ
꼶Ĺߣ꼶ģ
ǿΪĵ£
ǿƽ
ƽΪ̹ٵ֣Ҿޡ
ǰһƬʧ
Ҳ̲סһۡ
棬ʮ꣬Ϊ˶˵ϹĹȴƽ¡
ʱһѹˣڡ
ҳһ׵㣬ֻһܣ
һ仰˽Ǯͭζ
ҿ˭ôҪȻģҳ򣡡
˭Ǯ˲𰡣ҳ򣡣
ǷǸĵһѧ
ܿʮ׵һ
ƽ΢΢
³ǵĲװޣûпҵҲߵͣǮ;Ѿܿǡ
澫ޣû취
ƽ治ɫ·Ļû취Ӧ˵սһֻܽʮ
ѧǶʱѣ
ʮʮ
һ
ʮһ
Ǵ޲̴˽Ǿͻػײֿɡ
ֱ֮߳ѧǲŷǴ˵ʵĽ̹Ҳڣһŵú޲ðԼ̥һأ˲䲻Ӱ
ͬеķҲͬͬţĿбӡ
Ϊתעͼƽ֮ǰϵĻ⣺˵ȱʵս飬ÿʮսᣬܲһ
ƽ˿ʮλᣬΪġ
һ㶣Ϊģ
Ҿޣʱ䶼̨ϣһһǣҪսңȾһء
۾΢΢죺ΪңŴӦǵս𣿡
ƽûлش⣬ֻ̧ļ򣺡Ҫҵڴ
Ȼˡ
ս˫ȭ촽ƽᶨص˵ͷţ
ƽ·𲻾ģˣսķ򵥵ģ۸ߵá֮⣬ڸ꼶ѧѡ
һѧܸ߶׵սĸ꼶ѧһ˵Լвȵţһ꼶ʵб֤
ܿ뵽һ㣬Ϊƽϸĸе˼
ԥã˵ҵ˻ﻹ׵㡣˵꣬ƽڣ̲䣬֪ΪЩǮҡ֮
ƽ֮㰲ĵĻ
˿лл
ЦЦ¶Ϳģָֻܿԭĸ䣬ֻ۾ս⡣
߰ɣ
Ϣѵ㳡̫Զ
صײֿ󣬻ûѧǰ¶棬Ͷڿ̨ߴĽ̹ϯ¡
֪ΪʲôȥȻ»ûæ꣬עûн̹ٵɻʱ䡣
ʵı̶ȴ̼˹ڵĸй١
ƽʱ򣬻ײֿڴС̨ʹе״̬ÿһ̨ųĶӡ
״üͷ
ôһҵʵĶ֣Ҳûгؽϰ
ʱ򣬳˷ˡ
棡
ˣ
ڳڻ죬ƽѾȺΧ
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һʽʼˣˣҪڴеĳ·Ҫһѩǰܣ
Ͽʼˣһƿ濴Ұ
Ծռƽܴˣǿǰһ岻ݴ½͹Σ
ܼ򵥣ÿʮʮ˭Ĺ׵࣬˭ġһ㣬ҲȺұһֻдңʸս棡
Χһɧ
Ǯ
򵥣
Ǯȴһͼ

ԥ
Ȼһѧѧǲȱġ
ҳʮھܴ𣿡
һסˡ
Ҳʮ򣬵ڶң
ҳʮһ˭Ҳ
ҺһƬ
Χס˱˷
ƽֵɣͷкתȥѵҡ
սţһ䣺
ȱǮ
ƽһۡ
֪ʲôʱĻֹţϸƽ䣬֮ǰЭͻЧ
ƽ˷ڵġ
ǻ֮еķӦֻظһ飺εЭ飬ԶЧ
ƽ֪Ӳ˵ѡ
仰䣬ڽ
żмѧܶһ£һ뿴⽩ñʯͷӲû취ϰ˶þͷҲƵˡ
ҽ̹پѵҵϢƺܿ촫顣
ֱ̫ɽҲû˹š
ƽһϣһԾ¡
ǡͬʱرͶӰĻת
ƽһˮ׼ˮʡ
ķԣʪϣһ㼡߼һࡣ
ʱĸ߸˶Ŀǰ˵һֲСѹô򵥵ѵҲЩǿ
ѭ򽥽ڱϾֻǵһ죬Ȼǿ⡣
תƽ룬־ˮ
ϤĳϤĶûҡ
ָ֮ǰѾʶ΢΢ڶ
⡱
״ıˮˮ淺
лˡ
ƽѱˮһˮѵ䱸ԡҡ
Ӱǰһ
ƽ
Щѿڶ
ʱһǣŲԼٴǰǱ
ǣôɺϡ
ͬս
ͬʳƫá
Ϊ֪СϰߣҲͬһ˵ϡ
ѵ䣬һֱƽһ
ǳϦദ
־˵ơ
һֱ׷ǰ˵ıӰûԡź󣬲Ŵǰ
˳ϸܵ۽Ĳӿ
ιȥֱ
٣ڿԶ϶
棬һƽնϵϵ                        
лҪ˵գϸһ죬ָ~

һƪѵģ
Ǽʵһͨ[촩]
һ仰Ƽǿǿ촩ˬ
İ
Ǹӯǵ
󣬸Ǽ߷ѡҪôڻǷ1156꣬Ҫô磬ΪҵĽɫܶĥֵ
޺ԥѡ˵ڶ
ǡ
мϵͳĿɿڴעǰǼʵһͨ֡СУȭ۹Ʒѹȣ硣
ȻŤͷžͷ󣺡ҹĺòңġ

ϵͳŭ
1v1

ո ʱÿʮ

 32 

յѵһ豸ǳרҵ, ҲܷƽԤڡ
ĩ֮ǰ, ÿ춼ѵϰ, ڼÿһ, Ҫȥײֿ⣬ûΪµսߡ
ĩǲѵѧΨһϢֵʱ, һ˵, ѧ̨ϡ
, ƽ轵
Ҳ֮е¡
Ͼѧѵй׵ˣѾ֮ϲˡ
ƽûȥѵ㳡
ĩҪ, ʱʹѵҴ˼İڿ
, ϴ󣬻ֻ, ƵͶӰ
ǵܻϢ, , תϰ
Сʱ, ſϵ
ƽûתˡ
, Ŵ
ƺ鲻̫ûҰ˭㲻·ڿΡ
ƽûеڶǰô
޶ָƽͣ¶ʾԷϵļҾӿ㣺̹, Ϊʲô
ڵԴƹ£ˮ͸Ƥ۵ļ״籡ŨŨζ
һ̧ͣƽӡ
Īģǰһ˲Ļ㱡
ѵˣ
ĺƽӰԽԽغϣ
Ӧƽ̹٣
˵ʱǰĺ׹£罣ü壬°͡
ûʶƽǰأһ·ûߵӰ
ţ
ƽȻתͶӰ
Ȼѡ
üͷڷģ́ߣҲƽעš
ͶӰﲥŸǰϷŵļʵʱصĻ档
ȷǣǵȫϷؽһε޳
ƽͶӰ￴Ϥҫ۽𷢡
ʥݺͲӰķףԭȥϷѣǳңϷޱ
ܵδ֪Ŀܲܳŵס
ܿ죬ת¼ҡ
ƽԹͶӰ
ѾˣҲڿϰԺͻкȥԡϴ衣
ʱΧһԡ
ڣһ䣺ûϴ·
򴽴ɳǻңĸ֣
޳ܣ
顱һ
Źˡ
ƽü΢
ǰҲûôС֣겻ô¡
ȻûиĴ㡣
͡Ͷе˷ԡ
ƽֵõȷš

磬ƽѵãʾ
Ƿ
ܱǸҪ鷳ˡ
ƵͶӰķͷǴƽеѵһΣҿԱ֤ǾͻȥɱϰҪȥˡ
й׵ˣƽȻҶͨͻ·ȥ
ѵ㳡첽ӭǰ

ƽˡ
ȣԽΪ飬ײֿʱת˵Ҵȥ˵ʱӪصǼǺϢΪ׼
ÿѵı齨ʱǱؾ֮·
ÿ֧飬Ҫÿڻɱÿջ֡
һѧƽķѵؽʱӪأѧύʯɹԱмû֣Ȼÿʮߵ㣬׼ʱˢа
ÿۻֱΪֹ
ѧǿѡɢš
һ˵һµʱ䣬ͨ۲̫ĸ飬ÿһѧѵʱ䣬Žɢĸ߷ڡ
Ҳٳɹǿŵĵ
磬¿ǿšǹΪ֪ӡ
˵ƽΪǰ³ǵγŻøų
ԣƽ΢˷һۣ˵á
һ
ǻΪ˷ֵƽ˶٣ŸĿڵƽѹŽ
ԻȫûҪΪһԸųϯ
ĻŲɣԭˡ룬˵ֲãҲ˵ǰʵҲĬĴҸ˵ǺΪϵѣؾ֮ǰ黹Ǻܺõġ
ƽü΢
֪ԭôͻ֮Զ
Ҹ׻˵ȥ󣬻ųһֱûз
ˡƽԷ׶ⴧͻϵĻȤԺȰ㸸ҲЩҥԣǼٵġ
ĬƬ̡
Ƭ̺̲סʣЩ
ʵʵʵǺ䡣
ʶų
ѧ֮ʢһ˵
ԭǲŵģ˼ֱӰ룬ƽ˵ĻЩˡ
ƽͷһۡ
ͨ
ֲãе̸
ʱ򣬻Ҷͨת
˳ƽĿ⿴ȥʱٹԼĴ𰸡
ֻǣڲ˼⻰࣬Ϊתƻ⣬ƽӲ˵һѧΪ׼˽𡣡
ģֻһγûкƽĴ㣬ǰֱһǧ׵㣬׵㣬һ׵㡣йھ飬ÿ˻Ի˵ѡȨԴҶαܿء
н
һ㣬ƽ⡣
ķѵûκνġ
˵ѡȨ
ôȱûҵѧˡ
뵽⣬ƽһ١
עһֱϣ״Ҳͣ£ôˣ
ûʲô
عƽǰ
ֻ롣
ĻԵùæֵ֪ҲѾ˶
ЩͶ̳ޱйء
ѵһε޳˸ܵв
ͷ֣ƽѾײֿ⡣
ǰϢʾԣƽۿɼ˷ܣڵˣ
ˣƽѾ൱졣
꼶ߡ
һװˣ⣬øսǳص㡣
죬ÿ״򲻶20׵һ
ͷ֣ʤʰٷְ١
ƽ֣ʰٷְ١
λѡ876װ𣿡
ƽףԡ

һѡһ̨Ļס
ΧȺﴫһƬ
߰һۣ֮ǰСѡֵĻףҲˣȺ򲻹֣
Ƕʱ˵
Ͼǣȷ򲻹
Ҳʲô飬˵껰ѾתƽЦòãǿʼ
ƽ΢һס
˸Խ˼ʻգߵ̨λ
ʱڼ䣬˵ԤУҽܻӮ
ƽ͸ʧ棬ȴȻƽ
𡣡
֡
ߵĶʱһء
Ҳһء
ܿ죬ǿԼʰġ
ģûϢ
øܻ׶սг̭876ûս䣬ⲻСӵ磡
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䣬һ
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ſڵϣŹϯƽĻᡣ
Ӱ
Ͳֵܸ̫ܡ
ɶѾƤѡ˸ܻ׻Ǵ򲻹Ҳڷˡ
Լ˼뽨裬ڴӼʻ
棬ȷǿ˵룬ɵţųٺʲ
ʱѾп̨ϵѧ̨ܽ仰Ҳ׷׸ͣ԰棬ôǿ˵ǽùھأ
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ּ׾ܹеĻȡ
ϧֶƽ1000׵Ľ
ֻڹھĽ𣬷ֺ鷳
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ҲǣҲȫ͸㣡
Ƕ͸㣡
꼶˵Ż꼶ʢѧѾ۵ߡ
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ǣҲһ꼶Ķȵ㰡
ߡǺǡһЦԸ˷ɣǶʲô
滹ʲô𣿡
Ϊֵǽͣ⼸ûǽֵ37꼶40ʲôҪʮ¾ɲȥֱùѼң
ֵһʹһʾ̫⡣
ùȷʵǵùü浱ųʲôϵ
߷ۣӺòããֻһţñ̬ˣǾý껹ла𣿱˵ھˣǰʮȥ
ôһ˵е
ԣھͲȥʲôʱ͵һΰɣûʲôϣˡǣ
˵⣬ʾΧ˸ûԺͽ̹ߵúܽʱǲùϵʱ
ֵڻȻ
ôùϵ
֡ǺǡһЦԸʵȴСֵܣһ취á
ʲô취
ߵЦգǾǣƨ¹ܱģƮͷõĿͷ֧Ʊһף
߰
ֵǳݵУƽ
Ǿʯ˵ѧ֪ͨǰнӮùھǮ㣬ûʸȡ
Χ˷׷׸͡
ǰ
ʹӦɣ
ƽ룬ͬҾޣҾ鲻㣬Ҫһ˰ҡ
˵û⣡˭㣿
ƽ㡣
һ㶣ң
ûƽʱ죬߳ȴŷĻսǿĳ㣬Ѱһᣬ׼֣һ㣬ɱ޵жֵøӳɫ
ϲ⣬ͦ׳ĺƮҡ˵𣿡û뵽Լƽӡ棬һʱ֪˵ʲôãôΣ㻹ôŵ𣿡
ƽȻҵһβμӱЩܶʵۺ񣬿ҲμӷѵѾǵ꣬ḻǷǳİָ֣սǺڰţ㶼úܺáָҾã츳ߣ˵ܻӭ
ţ
еͷ
ƽʱ˵
ԣԸ𣿡
ߵ޲ö䷢ģ
ȻԸ⣡                        
лҪ˵ƽǾͺõúܡ

ллҵף~


 33 

ǰʱӪصǼϢʱ, ߿ƽųٱ
ֵ̲סΧߡ
, ôá, ֮ǰĲ̫һ
ǰ, ôųĲ㣬æǰæĻ㰡
ȥȥȥϴͷǶʲô, һ, һμӷѵ, ЩȻңôתⳡ
ֵ
ô˵Ҳԡ
ߺЦһŵ, ԺкܶණҪѧ
, ڴһǵƽ
õıѾˣ㿴һ¡
ƽ򿪱, ڸųһߵ, Ҳݣύɡ
ԼȻô, , Ȼã
μӷѵ, ȷḻܿͽŵǼǵ⣬յ˵һСС־ͬʱҲŵ¼װá
⻹Աȡ, ׼ƽ
ƽʾȥ˱š
ԭųΪ̫ӣʵŵǼǱų棬Ѿصˡ
ȴ±м飬Ϊƽôһа⣬ĸж
桭
ûм˵ȥֻű־ƽ֣صͷ
һоڲУ
ȻŤͷš
ƽҲûܴһϵжУ
˿ŵǼǴŵʱ򣬲ԶͻȻһŲ
ƽһۡ
һѵİ˶飬ӦҲǼϢһ·˵Ц
Ҳܿ쿴ƽˣٿһԵߣ⣬Ц⽥Ũ
߽󣬶ԷΪ׵˲˵ӴⲻǸʲôߣéޣ˵ţ߼˺Цǿɫôɣˡ
߳ءŷģùû绤㡣
СЦһڿЦ򲻹Ҹ磬ͬ򲻹ҡ°ܽŸ·ߣΪûˡ
˿ȥ㡪
ȻǴôؿ˿ˣɫ۾΢תֱӴ϶Էͷ˭Ķǰ˭ӮˣҪһϾŵ㣬ȥѧǰ˵ѧС
Բ⡣
磬꼶Ƕܶ࣬ʵô󣬻ǲҪð˰ɣ
Դϴε£ŷֵܾһֱ㣬ǧĵ
꼶ҵѧưϣüѣ磬ܴӦ
ֵǵȰ˵ҪתӻصƣԷ˵
ôˣȻҸ˵һǸûõķ
͵ؿ
̯֣ôʲô˵սҴӦ㻹ʲôߣɴؼҴˣ˵еô
ҧסء
ָ裬ҲʲãҴӦ㣡
磡
Цˣ߷ڣ˵Ǿô˵ˣʱ򡪡
ƽʱڣսûвͷôСأܼע𣿡
ü
ߵ˵˼䡣
ԭܰһЦ˵Ҳһء
˵ţѾע⵽߶ӢӶǰ
ƽӿٶȣһ·С˹棡
һ䣺ǴȻƽôע
ƽ΢˰벽ܿӢܱǧ׵㡣
ԣȻػش߾תƽˣ40꼶϶Ƕţʲô˼ұȣҵ𣡡
ԭںĻ仰
֧֮ʵԶȫţƽڸǮ
ƽϻ᲻ʲôè壿
Ķһһ⼸ѵӢʲôˮƽʵڻһˮ֡
ߣһȥ
ãǧ׵㣬һΪ
ƽһΪ
ŵһݺԼŷĻµ˲䣬ͶӰ͵Էǰ
ʾһ
˺š
˺źϵͳݺԼӮԶȡ˻Ĺ׵㣬㣬ֹͣ˺ʹãֱĽΪֹǳƽûκ͵ˣĿܡ
˺һһţһͣã൱Ӱ죬ԾûǮ϶Ҳ뾡취⡣
Щɡ
ѲʲôɱﵣôôƶԼӮ
ԥ䣬Ӣˣ
棬㲻ٶˣĻҿɲǮ㣡
ƽ
ӢգգۣװżЭɾ֪㼴Եʲôﲻˣ꼶μӵı
ƽĬıݡ
żǰϽЭɾˣǧ׵ˮƯҲ̫ݳˣ
ҲȰ
ϴǿǧ׵㣡Ǯ㶼ܻһ̨»ˣ
СӶֻжʮ꼶Ǽֱûȣϴ㻹ԥʲô
ҪǩԼøھһӾǧ׵ˣ
Ķˡ
ǧ׵ǰ᲻Ķ
µĶԱķͶδĳ룬ҲԼ̫
Ŀǹھ
ôܱһһˣ
뵽⣬ǰһԼ˺š
Լһʽݣֱƽͻص䡣
˶֣̾˿
״泩ǿƽϼɣ
ζʮ㡣
ǮԩͷƽҲʮ㣺
6000׵㣬൱6ҡ
˷ѵǿ壬Ҳջķᡣ
ϵͳѾԺĵϡ
ӢʱչƵҿ˿Ȼ˵ʱֱʱоͷ㣬Ӧңһȫڵ棬Ǹءŷһ٣˵һ䣬һָûǮˣвУһ򣿡
⣬ƽ
Ļ
ӢЦգģһ鱨ġ
̶̼첻֪ʲô뷨˲١
Ψһ㣬Ǻܶࡣ
ΪػڣֻƽϣҲҪϢ
Ǹءŷģһϣŷģ꼶ıҵμӷѵ˵һѳˣشƣ䣬ֲ鲻Ըز䣬Ҳе㱾£ʱҪСһ㡣
ƽǰһǰһ
˵һ仰ѾӵŽ˵ǼǴ롣
Ȼںƽ棬ȴ㶣ôãһӣеһˡƽڣִսϸһ󣬲֪ʲô۾֪ˣ񡪡
Ļֻ˵һ룬ͺһ˫ӶӣʱŵЩͣڣʶˡ
ͻȻҪ㲻ҪǵԼټ
ϤķӦ
ƽع
ȻմԴĻ
ɫƿߡ
ٿȥ
վƽԣ黹Ǹ䣬棺
ŷļСҼǳ𣬲Ӯºпܻ㡣ʱʲô鷳һҪҡ
ƽлл
촽ô࣬һ֪ôл㡣˵⣬ͻȻ˶٣̹٣󡣡
䣬һĬĬˡ
ƽֻع
һǡɺͻߡ
ʱŲ𽥽ӽ
棡
ǸŮ
ƽѭȥ
Ҷ鵣ǣŷĵĶԼ룬ίûвμӹѵıܻ˽򣬽ǵӮСŷĵӮܴ󣬱Ǵöö࣬˵ǲӮˡǧ׵ϾСĿҪҪ̹ͨٵĹϵĺԼ
һͷǰ
Ҷ˵ˣֻѧУʲôʧҪˣǧ׵ûˣ
ߣ
㣬˵˰ɣ
ǧ׵ʲôѧУʧȥĿ˸񣡣
ûĵĲԻжϡ
ҶڵŲŲλãûɣ̹ٺڿң
һѣκӢ̹ٵֿ£ͻȥߣҡ
ǰûˡ
Ѿˡ
Ҷ棬úÿһ°ɡ
˵ҲҴ뿪
ż˵ıӰƽת
ͶӰƺĹ¡
ѾǼǽʽʼûҪٴ
ƽԻȥ׼һ˱㳵
ߵǰŵѶһ𣿡
ƽʳĻˡҲûʲôҪ̸
ԣϳ
һΪҴǡ
زż죬߾ΧһȺŮŮ
ǵһѧĻأʲôѳ
뵽ղŵĳǵͷߡ
оת˲ţԲ
ɹʹġ
Уѵڼ䣬ѧ
ƽѾڣ˶٣źϳš


׷һ䣺Ӱ
ƽû˵һѧ涨¼ӵģûӰ졣
ֻǲ֪ô޹ؽҪС¡
ǰҲйġ
һ޽⣬һ֡
ƽٿһۡ
ûʲô˼·ֱʵڻ𣿡
ɫһ롣
ƽ̧ǰ˻ΣʣǼ
Ƭ̡

ŵһ  

 34 

һ, ǵһѧѵʼʱ䡣
аСʱʽĻ, ƽɳ˻ı㳵ѵ㳡
, ߹ų, ˶ˣ㿴·
뿪߳⣬Ҫһڵʱ, ѡȷ·߷ǳҪ
ʵ, Ŷֻǿѡ, Ͼ˭Ҳܿһ·ϵִֶࡣ
ʳ仰ҲֻǸƽһӰˡ
ϷѾԼ˸ųҪְλϣΪάϵŵİһ˸ϵ
ƽڵͼϱǣȥ
߼Ҳ, е, ̲סίջسʵǻʱ, ôż, ҪҪٿǿǡ
ƽܶȻϢʾ
һϢ, ߵĻ, ̧Ĩȥԭı, Ѻ㶨ڿλãȥ
˵ľ͸ģһ㶼أ
ֹֹʮܡ
ųһٳɵģڲŷֶԷʢ, ûϣҲΪʱ
ֻ˵ðɡ
ͷʣǳ
ƽһ
Ҷյá
꼶һϰԱ㽣ȫǶ޺δ֪ĺ£꼶ĴѰҶѣڽŵظձ
һɵʱţģСۼһȴûй̶ƣʮҡ
ų
ƽתߣ꼶ѧж٣
Щɻ󣬵ʶĿ꼶23꼶4037

׹Ʈƣӡ
ԣƽڻûĵͼͶӰϼǣµ244ı־飬һƬηɢƽʣµˣ⣬λʱӦ˵ţ˵ӳ֮䱣ͨѶͨʱϵ
һȵؿ
ƽ΢üû
仰߻عϽ˵ˣ
ֻǸղŻ˲ľͻȻ·ת˼·һʱɵˡ
бҪô𣿡
룬˷ʱˣֻʵǿһ˳ϰ˵һϣ
Ȼڷѵʼ֮ǰҲǱǻѪѵ㳡ȻڿԼ̯ʮѾµⳡĽͻءŷĶ˶Լ꼶ֵļ鶼С
Ͼһ֧Ӯ˵á
ƽһۿ뷨ٽصĵط޵ȼ̫ߣʺϰڣǸ꼶ѧ
˼
ƽûٽͣʮӺѶӳҡ
תҪߣߺȻʲôʣˣ㲻𣿡
š
ʣһˣʱʲô
ƽֻ֣
·
ġ
ȻƵġ
ߣ
бҪôק
ǲò˵קȷе
򵥵֣˲伤Ķ־
꼶ѧôܱһȥ
ϣ飬ţ
Եηѵ׼ߣЩࡣ
ʮӣӳѾ͵ƽǰ
֮ڣŸСӵĶӳǴλ꼶ѡΨһ⣬ʵѷ꼶ķ
ΪﻹкƽйڵʢЩ¶ԷΪ鲻ˬѡǧȣȴþҲûƽʣﲻϰ¡
Գ֮ǰǹȵĿƵԸųµļαװ飺ųǰ
ԣҪϳƽһ١
뵽ǧ׵ǰЩϢϢأֻһ仰˵
ÿ󣬻ûĶ飬ÿһ׵㡣
һ׵㣡
ÿ죡
ǵһѧѧҲֻм˲ֵܵסǮջ󣬿˶ͬ㣬ʮ֮һĸʣϣ൱
ҪͨѶ㳡ϵĻѾֱʡ
ų꣡ųҰ㣡
ƽǰԱ÷Ƿ󣬴Ҹ־޲̳嵽أƴ֡
Ҳı
ٹʮӣΧǽǰ
Ϊ׼Ļ׾Ͱڷڳԡ
ǰųעͶӰ
עݺƽûֻ̫ױһѧһЩĶ
Ϊ˱֤ѧİȫ˸Ƚ̽ϵͳЧѲ޽ӽ
ǴֱʣһѧÿŶ䱸̨ͻH931С󹤣Сɣֻȭͷ󣬵ӦӵиߵȼԴΧھ׼ҵʯڳ޹ʱԶصɾʯĶӰսǳԵıرƷ
С󹤺Ƶϡ
Ϊ̹٣ҪѧԱһμӱͶӰرպ󣬾ͽѡһ̨ס
ƽҲͬĲڴ򿪼ʻ֮ǰ̨ץһС󹤷Žɴһԣٷھʯ̫˷ʱ䣬Сȱ㡣
֮󣬵ȵ˴Ҵææףʵ󶨣Ҳʼ뵹ʱ
ƽվǰ
ȴڶ󷽡
ҪѧԱǵİȫ
һ
ʱ
вԱǽ⣡
ͬһʱ䣬һһȴͻ⾺Ŀһѧѵֱ׼ʱ
ǴҺãǱĽ˵Աߵָָã
Сá
ֱųؾɫżӹһӶӻף˵ԱѲһ飬ͷûо۽κϣֻúָġ
ȺԵĳ氡üʵָ֧ܲȽйھࣿ
ָרҵײԼڿӣտʼڻ˵ѵھȷʵܲסѧưһаˣǰ꣬һ꼶ҪѶԸܶࡣ
˵Ļݻʵλҵ˶ںܸߵѡ֣һһǵĻ״д
˵⣬˵ԱȻʲô
ָԽô
ָԣ
ÿǱϺȵĴڣһʱû⡣
˵Ա˵ָ֪ûйעˣܰļ棬ӳɫ˷ǳ
ָЦЦԭжš
ֹڴˣԶȤ
ͻȻǵĵĻȴʾȤܴ
һѪ澵ͷ
Ҳң
ʮת廬ʮ󵼲ż
˵ע⵽һ㣬Щȡ
Ҫ֪ԶԶȲѵڹ㡢ȶȴ󣬶ۺʵܱȵù꼶ѧʵСֱ
û뵽Сֱüܵô˿һһֱ׵ȼĳ֡
ע⵽һĲֹǽ˵Ա
ܿ죬Ϸ͵˵̨
õģһ¼ϡװЩѰζŶ
ָЦһȷʵѾг̭Ļʲô⺬𣿡
˵ԱƽϳԹ̫οѾѧ᲻Ӳ磬ͼϣԱṹǣ꼶23
ָǳ׶ʧȥȤ
е㵹ùֳԱṹ˵ǰʮס
Ѿ㹻ίˣǶŻͲ˵ǰʮܽ
˵Աָ뷨ƣɾÿϧҪ˵ʱ򣬾ͷѾѸҵ˹뿴ˡ
ǿһ̨ɫĻ׳ھͷšûǼ棡
Уƽ׶һǰɳۡ
֮ǰʱƽĴʣ˵ԱЩڴѾĿˣ
ָ룺Ȼûо飬̫ŶӺҪԣһǰ壬̫çˡ
˵ԱǺǡЦҷԡ
ָȴֵͼ󣺡ʵǿȴѧܣųҪԽ˰
˵ԱĿʶһۣȵװųǼ棡
ָʲô
·Ԥϵźڰδ
ʱڣƽ˶
ȰС󹤷˳
ָ̲סЦˣ̫ˣǻŵֶ𣬻ûͷŻ֡״̬ôս
ͶӰ˸һ仰˵꣬һ޵ʬ
ʬӰӴϡ
޴İơ
ָ
ֱΪı
ֻоͷǰԴǹڵĺըϣ
ƽƽԾһԿأ޵ˡ
׻ڰգڸ׼ֻұ˦ѾϵԴţ
䣡
һֻѻʬ
۱Դƴûܷ
Ȼһ
Ը˺ȴٶ졢֪ѲķޣƽȻ磬һͿ
ֱʱһƬ
Ŷ
ǣղ˼
˿ŹҰɣһҲôɰ
ҵ۾ģѵս޵ʱĶ壬ٶȻô׼
սû
ƽһأԵ޵ͺת
ϸС۾ӿɺɫĿ񱩣ɭǰŸӲƤë;޴
ǱҰ
ͼҰǵȼѾԣսܣٶȿҰضλļӲƤܼڵ˺ǵжߣԾḻҲοһѧ
һҰӣǾ;׷ڵĻԣƽϽܡ
˵ԱҲۣôޣôͳ֣
ָһԼӦ·ƽģظޣֻǷǳټ
ƽʵøղŻڿε˼㣬˵ҲСͨǲѧԸ޵ģһֻʱһСĿܾͻˣӦҽ̹ȡսܴ󵨣˵ֻҰʹ󲿶ӻϣϾܸװٻ֡
ϣƽȻǳ󵨡
Ҳֻ϶һ롣
ƽûдȥ˭Ĵ㡣
ûкˡ
ԼǰޣǾĵĽţӰĴݡ
ɫԾ𣬵Ųȹ޼ӲıһҶڿԴڣǰըࡣ
ʱ䣬Żҫ۶Ŀ
Ⱦɳ̸סͷϸ졣
ͬʱ޳һ
裬ֻԼƷڵأ׳֫ͽڰţͼվȻ̧ұƷתڿڿ¶Դ˳ȥݺݺĶƤ
޵Ĳҽô̶
ƽĽ뻹ûɢ
γ䱸˫Ӹ£ִۣٺ벽նͷ­
Ȼֹ
û̫ãСڵε˹޻ڳ鴤ʬ壬һӣġ
ƽûȥԼǰ
ֱ
Ϣ⾫һĻĹȻ
ͶӰĸߴӰжûõĵĻת˲
ͷܳӰ˻ըô׼Ԥа
Բ浽ʲôɣɱǸƵģ˧òˣ
ԵаһΪҪҰȥˣˮĹҰûˣ
Ļǡ
ţƣţƣ   

 35 

ջ, ƽ򿪶ӳƵ
ǿ, ޡ
ʲôޣ
Ȼߣų, ȷôܻޣ
šҸղһֻ
ߵһ
ǿǾѹԵ, ǳԵҲܱ֤ǰȫˣֱΣյĴʣ
, ȻƽѾƽ, ˵ֻ޻ûз˿
23꼶ѧ, ۼ㲻ãõһ޾
ߣһ˵
ǿɻн̹ء
תͿûԶĻ, ˲䶨, ʵųأ
ˡ
ǵġ
·ֵһƵġ
ߣ
ΪԼ˻
ǿްų
ʱ, ܲܲҪô⣡
ƽûܴγĬв³Է
עⰲȫ, ־衣
, ͨѶ
ֻתͷԶ˵ֵ, һע⾯, ⸽ޡ
ǣļٵģ
߳ʹصͷģųҵģղһֻ
ʲô
˸ͻ

ڸ˵
Ǹ˵, Χޡ
ֱӴࣺꡣ
ߴԷЩ
Ӧáɣ
ǻ
Ȼô룬ʶƽλùȥ
Ҳûٶ˵
˿˼ǰעؽԼԴµƽͬʱ˲ɳ귽ٷɳۣ
߲̫ΪʲôҪȥѾ˵ˡ
ȵȡ
ߵͷһ¶ӳƵб

˰ѽ̹ټӽˡ

Ѿ긽
ԶԴ
ޡ
ֱ
ûܣƽĵ֪¡
ˣٶһ룬΢ŲԶĶ
һ룬īƵıĻ͵ػȥ
ıд룬ƿݺĿ壡
֮ͣЪ
ţһ̨ɫĻ׺Ȼأ
ƽŴĻ̹٣
ӽǣǰ̨ɫ״ϵ¿һۣûκˣŵأ
󡣡
ת
ֻһֻӱϣʬ߰˱У·ŵɫĹ⡣
͸͸ġ
ޡ
һͨҰޡ
һǵӣӢⶼù
ʱƽӱ
̹٣ҫ𣿡
Ĭá
С󹤲εﵽϣá
ֱöʯ䵽ƽɴһ졣
ڵ·䣬˵һֻޡ
ƽȻ
Ϊ̹٣бҪ֤ѧԱİȫ
ߣǾԲȫԲȡ
Ѿˡ
ˡ
ֳĬƬ̣ѡתƻ⣺ܱ߳޺ܺһ·һѧɳӦԱ
һһȵ²ΪһֹֻʵĴ
ƽû顣
ֱ֮ľͷʵ¼֮ա
˵Աֵôֶᣬ̨ͷһµϡ
ǡװţԱϢϸ
ֵһǣϵڶҳн̹ٵĵѡ
뵽Ŀǰͷһ̨ױƽƺΪ̹١˵Աֵ㿪ݡ
ֻһ֣Ŀ࣬Լ۾

ָЦһ䣺СôˣȻǰİ͸һۣʱĿɿڴ
ǱǵθڣòС
ʲôʲôǵǰѻ˵갡
ٱ˵ڳݲ壬Ǯ
Ļý˵Ա̻
ǻ͸ŨŨľȣװĽ̹٣ŵĻų
Ļһ롣
һ󣬴ƬԲۡۿٶˢš
˵Ա˵ûҲǳ棬һѧô뵽ųѵ̹ٵġ
ʲô뷨ԻֱֳֺȶѾʼ
Ӳڹǰ¶棬Ҫ˽ֻܴӹٷĸսƵУٺ׽һӢˡ
μΪһµķѵȫֱ
ף
ף
˵ԱԤϡ
֮ǰ˸ĳ˵Ĵһ
һأͷ˳ֲᾭУҪˡ
Ҫʾ֭˵ʡ
档
ڴڴÿ׼û¡

Ƚ϶ԣָ˶ˡ
ȻǻųԱϵܵãʵ̫׼ˣ˵
˵Ա
̫ˣһεĽз˿ġ

ǰƽͻֱ䷢һвö֪
ǰƽ
ƽԿһۣ㻹ȥ
ôߣ
ƽ
ôݣһ壬м仹˼·û䣿
˶٣ŰʵޣҪ룬쳣Ԯȼʱ
䣺û㻹̹ٵ츳
֪ԻȥΪһȭͷһʮƽûٿڡ
ҲܿԼʧ̬
üͷ
һʱദּ沢ڹαװƽԸΪֹ̫ơ
ƵڼϿƽӰӡ
κ˵ƽӰӡ
ûܳΪƽӰӡ
ͷǰ
ֱǰĹȴˣ
ҷˣҾȻˡڴΣ
浽ʲôˣųϵôõ𣡡
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˵Աͼ⣺̹ٲȻڹڣиǰǵѧԱȫסʱĻʵ̹ǻŰ˵أָ
ָһ˵ûϾǻóƶϡ
˵Ա˵ǵģǳǿ̹вԻǱȽա
ָǿ˱־壬ǸĿ˵ûһǰʮϣġ
˵ԱҪ˵ʲôƳͶӰæת쿴Ǻзˣ̨ڸǰɱ
̨һǰһƽŤڰ˸ս
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
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޳ȥӢˣ¾ȫеϣ⡣
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ףĸûдԣǺǣǻϵߵĻǾ͸ˡ
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ָ˵ѡ
ͷǿɫԡѪɫǰ̤һὣڱۡ
չڷĽӰͶһ˲ҫ۽ߡ
ǱʵʱĨâ̵ţԼͬ˱ۡ
Ҳһ
Ѿڰգܿ˵ƽǰֻΣյıغʶתܡ
ȻصĽҽѾݺݲļ
찧һ
Ŀ־ǱƴȫƽӴܳȥʱķһԾ
ƽЩ⡣
սҲֹڴˡ
ڹУֱͶӰֻһ
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ԭصĺɫ΢˦ȾһѪ
һαͷ
ŴͶӰһҪĺɫԴó⾫˲ĹٿȻ
ǰȴٴֻʣ˱Ӱ
߰ɡ
һͳɤ˵
С󹤵δδĸ·С
Ļըˡ                        
лҪ˵Ļ롣

ʮٿлл
һ
Ұд


 36 

̫ˣ̫ˣ
˵Ա̲ס, Ի׵Ĳ, õǷ켫ҲΪ, Ŷʮ, ̫˲ˣ
ָʱҲղűϵĽ˵
ȷʵ˲һɱ򵥣ȴҪдʵսͶԻ׵ϤΪ֧ţǳǳҿԸε˵, ۻײ, Ⱥʱ, ֻƽͻϼ
˵Ա̾ţָŸղŵһĻ
ܿ죬ͷǰ̨ѾҵµĿꡣ
Ǹζ֮ǰľʡ
Ϊⳡֱʲϣ
ֱ硣
ƽյһͨ˽ͨѶӢ⡣
绰սͨ, ͼʣϢյ𣿡
ƽλͬš
ӢյϢ, ˿̶Цٺ, Ұ귢ˣ
Ƕڻ׼ʻ˵, ʲô, ѹ, ڻط, ׼ȥ˵ʱӪؽʯ·һֻޣΪͷģŷľ԰ڣ˵ҪԽ, һҲûСÿԸѵ
ƽһʱ䡣
ĵӡ
ʹ󲿶ӷֿ涨ľʯύ·ԶҪʮӡ
ȥӢⷢλãҪʮӡ
ʮӵĿࡣ
㹻ˡ
ڷ𣿡
ȥһһ׵㡣
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Ҷ֮ͨƽĿ귽򣬰εض
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һ̽ʾ쳣
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˲ףֱһܰ
ʱùǷ׷׿ͶӰ
֮ͬǰĶ̾뼲׷٣һΣƽ򣬿ƽطУûκεطͣ
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˲˸ղʲô
ֱͶӰ̨ڰѤ켣ż̾
Բۣλ·ɣҲˣôãҪ֪Ҷҵˣƽϰʮ׶ײǽ
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׼һ£ͷеսһλѧԱϡ
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˵Ա
豸Դľ
˵ʷ׵ɡ
Ϊͻ
Īú
һλѧԱϷˣעס

仰˵ԱȻ񣺡ȵȡ
̵ͨѶѾ
˵Ա
ڼܻӭʱоͷҪɺû
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ϧôǲġ
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Ļȫǣ

ʲôأ
˵ԱȨû˵ǿԿŷںһֻ޶սһ˶ԸޣڻûҵѧԱ˵Ѿ൱Ѷˣָŷĵıô
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ɸղŵĻҲȻܷ¡
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ֱͶӰǰĹȴЦˡ                        
лҪ˵ðףµһ³ɡ쿪ģ
ǰ50С~
أȻҿѾˣ߶߶һ䣺һҪע彡ϴ֣֣ͨ磬پۼ

˼æš齫ûü֣֮ᱣո


 37 

Ż, û˿óصı顣 
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һԣϵ֪žȻսһѧԱǻΧף˺ܾá
òͣϢ֮ҳԱ㣬׷׻ȥϢ
ƽҲԵò࣬ߺΪָ·ų̹ٵǱߡ
Ҷ˵˵̹٣ûԷҲ֪ϲʲôһݹȥ
ƽָ˵ǰĲ̣
Ŀζһࡣ
ҶĻΪżһͳȥһͬĻ
ƽ
ƿڴߣ֪ڴʲôļ䣬ƺ鲻á
ͷҲ̧ȴֱӻɢǰͶӰתϵķһֹŹֵƽ
ôûȥҶһס𣿡

 38 

ƽû߼ΪʲôҪҶһס
Ĵû̫, ׼ʳд, ζûôȡ
⡱ֲ֪ûʲô
·ֶڰ, Ƭ, ż
ƽְĲ̷ϣûð˵ĹͣҶ׼ģ롪
ԼŰɡ
ͻȻ, ת, Ŀϵתƽ, Ҳ⡣
ƽ̧һۣ㲻ϲ
ԡ
ƽע⵽ѾƿӪҺüԶ
ʱһͶӪҺ棬ǰϰߴͬ
, ʱ, ζıҲ
Ծˡ
ƽûȰת˵, , Ҷҡ
ȴһδĻ, ɤӲ, ûҪ֪ͨ, ûȤҲ֪
ƽѵЩȡ
ߣٿȻ
ʶԼһڼǰʧأƿ, ĵ׷ϸãȻĶʹ
ǳͷ
ΨһԼеϣץסϣദԽãԽƽ
꣬ȵĲһƷ
Ҳðκ˵ƽƷ
ⲻҪĽ
ڱҪ֮⣬Ӧúͼ汣־롣
뵽⣬ָ£
ӵĳĬٴתԲƣˡϢɡ
绹һ
ƽ֪صӪص̶ʱڣʲôûͻȻô
ĿǰݣûȥѯʶԷ˽
Ȼ˵Ҳû׷ʡ
á

գƽڵһʱѾ𴲡
ƺû˯ѵĻϴ󣬴÷뿪
ûѵģֻ򵥻һȦڴѧԱ𴲺󣬾תķط
·ϣкϡ
ųų磡ųҲˣ
ƽһһס
;ߣԷҲ˼ʣų쿴ѧ̳Ϣ𣿡
ʲô¡
˵Ϸ޳¶˵ǲ֪ǲǿ춥סˣϣоԺ˶³ˡ
ƽ΢üŻŲ
оԺѾȫأ˵ʵȷС
ǣ˶춯ǰ֮һϷ޳ӣȥ˲
ʱ仹ûȥãѾ֧Ųס
ֻһѲӲ̡
߸ͣ£ǰߣоԺѦڲʿų֪ǰоԺȥ³ǵķԺԺҲһˡ
ƽתѦڣ
ߵͷ꣬ѦڲʿһֱϷоʲôĿ˵оԺʲôְλ뿪ˣҾãе㲻̫
ƽѦоʲôĿ
ʼ磺ҿɲ˽ִĹֻôһ䡣ԴӶ³ݣȥϷ˵⣬ҿ˿ѹ軹˵Ѧʿǽ̹٣ƺеìܡ
ԣƽȻĻ
Ѧһ򲻺ͣӦȫ½֪ܡ⻹ڵʱҲζǷ
ѵյѦڻص³ǵϢô粻
̾˿ϧˡ־棬˵ֻǽ̹ٲŸö
ƽٿһۡ
˵˵ǰʯα֮޳ѧҪ֯ѧȥս֧Ԯģο϶Ҳ⡣ǲ֪Ǳ߻ܳŶá
û˵ֻ꣬һ塣
ѽǸüˣ
ƽ֣һˡ
ȴѾˡ
ǵһΣûеһ
ſһ˵ƽ˶٣žٲȥʰĶ
򼯺ϵصʱԶԶͿվȺǰıӰ
Ǵ˵Ľ̹ڣÿһλѧԱǰ缦жӵĶֿ룬Ч֮ߣóʱԤСʱ
죬ٳʱ򣬶ƵǼ顣
˵ų˵仰£
ƽ룬Ƶڷһ䣺ԭ·߼ǰǼޣ̷ԮźţҪӡ
õų
İų
ҶڵһɣСӸɾ㡣
ֻһ£˳ȥ
һ̣ĻװεضжϿգзС
״ƽҲѡһ򣬿ƽغХ
źɫ׽нԶҰջߡ
߾ԣȥãźò׹Сʣ̹٣첻ųһ𣿡
š
ظúܿ졣
Īø顣
ߵʧøɸɾ
ֹһȷԼûųڸѹǿʵʹԼСӵ˸ϽԶˡ
뿪߷Χڣ˿Դ˵ɢĿɡ
յ
ŶԱɢ߲żǰƽ
Ȼû̫ãͿһҫ۵Ӱǰһζ
ǻף
ͷһݣ¼ͣ
˭
Ӵͦ
ߺݺüءŷģʲô
ʱһ̨ɫײŴ˳
̨֮߰ƹΧס
ЦһҲߵԭ㣿ܺãûҵ棬ոϢɣ£̧һӣϣ
ʱƵ˾
ұŵϮˣ
Ҳǣ
ΧĻףڶӳƵѸѣųǻءŷģǳȥģСģ
ꡣ
ǽ̹ٵ
һϲ
н̹ڣǰȺʲô
͸Ͻ귢ȥ
Ȼ̹纮ڶߡ
㡣ꡣ
ߣ

ҶѧԱ
̹ԼԼе𣡣                        
лҪ˵̹٣֡


 39 

, ƽ̹, ѵڼ, ֮սǹڵ, 㲻ܲ֡
仰ߵһ롣
ǰղֻż, Ȼһˡ
, ̹ٿȥָȽŷġ, Ӧþ⡣
΢΢ʧƵп˵ʱڵĺը
߶һֹæʣųҲ͵Ϯˣ
š
м˰
ƽ̧ɨϢһ֧Сӡ
աװı, Ǿʮˡ
ʮ̨ס
߲Щġ
ѾٻػûԶĶ, ƽһˣô, ʵ̫Σˡ
̹, Ҫ㻹ȥ֧Ԯųɣ
ɲ֪ǲĴ, ܾûٿʱ, ղࡣ
ꡣ
ûùȨ, ĬгԱ֮ĻйȨ޵ġ
Ļ߸ϽæұעƽĿǰꡣ
һ̣̹Ǳִߣ
Ǽ档ꡣ
ߣ
൱ã
ղŲǻҪ
ô仰Ĺָأ
ʱһöԴֱֱ䵽, ųһ亹ָһ£ʶͰ귢͹ȥ
ûٿڡ
Ӧ·ϡ
뵽һҪɻָ߲׵ֶ΢΢
װ򶨣ڶӳƵ˵ųʱϵ߽֮ȥ㣡
ءʱҪ֧Ԯ
ƽһȣû˿ţƺͻȻ⵽ʮԲֵһᡣ
ɷϣǱ򶨸Ⱦ߲Ҳָˮ׼
õģųʲôҪһ֪ͨҡ
š
ظһ䣬ƽͨӢͨѶ
棬û°ɣźŸһӣͲƵ˵ŷֻ׽ļСӳҲǸող֪쾹ȻҪ͵ϮǡǶԲ𣬶Ҳá
ƽû̫⡣
ѵŻദھϵսϡƽûʲôֵôС֡
Ȼ֮սҪںڲŻᱬ
ǸʱѧԱѾأǼӣΧΣԸߣΧһôɱôϮųԱȡ˵ͶɹѶȷСࡣ
ߣһ˵ѵʵսֳӮͱضᱨһ̨ףȥʱӪάޣʱ޴󣬱Ҳþʧȥһս
ءŷģĿȻֻǻ˽˶Թ
ֻôʦڣԵЩС
ȻҲųáװȫԱǰԡ
֮⣬һ֡
ŵύ㶼ͬԷô֪װʱӪصĵص㡣
ô׼ȷͬʱɹϮôˡ
ɺϣʵЩ񻰡
ĳĬûӢɰӰ죺ĶԲԺһŬ̽߶ģͨѶϿҲ˵ˣǸ񾭲ӳֿʼˣٸģ
ͨѶϿ
ƽϢʾͨѶҶϽ棬һ˲ͣ
ɫƽɳģ˵ߣûܵסȺܻ
ܰô
Ϊʲô£Ϳסˣ
˰ɣŸ缸أҷɣ˷ʱ䣡
һ߳һ߷ɢյƽ̡
ͷһʵʱء
ֱͶӰǰĹǷ׷ڵĻϱŷŭͲ
D.OǸʲôſڶ죬ʹ͵Ϯ˰ɣ
бȥ͵Ϯһʿ֮簡͵Ϯʮʲô£
˵D.OųǲǾ챻˻ҧһڵǸǹ˽𰡣
ȺҲ̫Ҫ˰ɣʮ˴һ˼˵Ѽң
ҵļ氡һ뿴ɱأôܣȺ˿϶׷
˵ԱҲÿϧ滹ЩʢʵĿǰִľ棬սǸǵѡ񣬱Ͼʮ̨ͬʱɱǳ󰡡
ָôί񣺡ȷʵЩ嶯ԼʵܸǴλսҲûӮĿܡ
˵ԱʱһݣһD.Oʮ̨׵ĲߡѽЩȻλ꼶ѧò˵D.OŵݣԱװȷʵеݳްãսѾʼ
ָ˵һʮƣҽ鼾Զ̿ƣD.OѧԱǳѼһߡ
䣬ʮ̨׹Ȼͬʱ֣
Դ¡¡죬ڵһѤҫ۵ľ޴񻨡
ϢѾŻɫֱͶӰΪ澾
ãͶӰУֻ̨Ϥĺɫһĵ
ֳȻأ
ʮ̨׵ȫȻҲܰȻ
ֱ˿ɵ
ǶʱѪڣ
໼̫˧ˣ
һʮתͻ˵ʽ˫ϥ£Ϊͽ
˵ԱҲЦһ߼
ָüѾ˲ԤУûô򵥡
˼򵥶Ի䣬ƽҰתĿꡣ
Сӻ񶷣ּЦԶ˵ҿǡ
һ仰û˵ꡣ
ƽƽѾ
ΧֵվλһһУƽĳת˲Ļǰ
ԷûӦʶһ̱ý꣺ס
Ȼ˭סƽ
ԴڽŵըУƽźɫףŵһ̣ٽǰ
ڳ˸źâĽ˷͸ΣյϢöֵĺȻ١
죡
̫ˣ
˸幥ƣǰ
Ͻ̧˫ۣȭͼԹء
롣
ֻҪ룬ҪСӺÿ
ˣ
ƽ΢ɶԷĻеȭͷڽϻһҫ۵Ļ𻨣ǺͽȻ෴ƽ
һ
ѿڷʣʲô
һ룬ǰһʻڶʱʢʾ
Ϣʾ
ұϿӡ
˫ۡ
ôܣ
ץסֳ͵һ룬ƽɨĻڲʾͼ׼λãֲֻؿںλá
սԻḻĻءŷȣǰĶַӦһЩ
ûܵƽ΢šת׳׻ٻ̨׵Դװá
ʧȥԴڼʻڵĲ߾ͬһ
ʶղƽ˵ġһʲô˼
Ĺ򣬾ͽһ̨ף
ƽûи̫ʱ䡣
ûջɫײƽŤǰιһԲ׽
ʣµD.OųԱȻƲס⡣
íڵըನ޷ƽӰ졣
ʵ֮ĳǿѹƣ˼ֱþ
ƽȴзֺѹԡ
ɤȻͳŷ·Ĵݡ

Ȼ
ڷսתѡ֮УǺܿѡ񡪡
ܣ
֡
תֻƽһ֮䡣
ʱֱ䣬Ļڷˢ¡
ţƣ
ʽΪ򹷣
Ǽ氡Ҿ֪һӮ
λ˵ȳĬš
Ƕһۣ濴侲ʵﶼ֡
ļ桭 
ôôǿ   

 40 

׷Ҹ, ƽ˵ˮ, ɶD.OŵĳԱ˵, ൱ϷĵѶȡ
˵ԭ, ƽȫ٣ǹ޵ĸ豸ҪľԴˣʱɲ֪, ôֱȺ໽еѪڽ
ͷ, ͶӰﴫһ죡
˵æȥ, ɾˣD.OһѧԺײϡڻ׼ʻзܣӦûʲô£ǹеͷת򡪡, ܲ, ׷ˣ
ָҲװ·ϵԴָʾѾϨ, ֽһ֣
ҲȻ, һ, ƽ͸ͶӰڶߡ

һ, ˿̷·˶ֵĴ
ǲ˱鲼ֵϰ, æŲ·ɢӡ
ƽֵ̧˵ʾϵĵͼɨ·ߣ̶ѡһĿ꣬Ȼ٣
׼ǰƿԶԽҡ
ĿǰٶѾɿصļ, óȻż٣ֻͶһײ³
ԥ䣬ƽѾԴڳϡ
ųɫ䡱һ䵽ǰ߱ȱͣ
ʱڶڵֺݺ࣬ɹĵڶ·ߡ
˵Աȵ澹Ȼô׼µֵ·ߣָ˵ôģ
ָ˵ԤУԤСѧԱʵսһǳḻԻǴޡ
ԭˡ˵ԱʣǰָľԤйĳɹأ
ָ
Ҫ⼼䵽˵ĵز𣿣
ǧڵ棬ô˼˵ʵֻú˵šԤйǳѣҲ˵ʵսһǳḻ
䣬½˵ԱָڿӣϽתƻ⣬Ѿһ֣ٶʵ̫ˣ
˵Աǽӿ˵ûD.OĻءŷص͹˼ʵ߻ϮעҪʧճǲ֪ڵΡ
ƻе⡣

ش˿̵飬ֹһݵġ
ֱһͿ
·ҵϢӣбȴѾĸ˶Ͽӡ
ʲôԶ
ͨ绰ȥСӳġ
ԷֵԮų̫ˣǸɲٲ˹ֵǽͶҪˣ
ԣɫڣ̲סʮ˴һڻٸҪˣһȺͰ𣡡
СӳίųʵҲ֪İҪҲᡪ
죡
£ɫŭһ϶ԷĻ˵ãüʧȥսСӳͻ˵ɣ
D.OļְλйõģʧȥʲƵı㹻ۡ
СӳٳѾҶͨ
ʵϣȵ׵ԭ򣬲ֹ´Ϣһڽеⳡս
ԴӣԱȫˣϻĬߣԭгģߵĶѻԮ֮ǰ˽
ɽӹȥˣûнߵĶȴѾʱ˻
ܵǡ
֪ΪʲôߣֳʵȻǿ
أߵĶѻˣŶǸûƣ쳷ɣ
غݺҧ
ļ档
ֱǿѹһͷ
ôس
ģ
أˣ
͵̧ͷ
͸͸忴ߣƬ̣ǿĵ׵ŭ
ȻվڸߴĻѿĺ·
ӷעǶȡ
߸ɲףѾ۵ͷ󺹣뵽Լûءŷ仨ˮ̲סЦ棬ò
õĽ̹٣
䣬̿ؿڵĸ˺ԴͲԻصˡٺ١һЦ
ŷģ͸°ɣ

ߺͻشûȵʱƽߵսѾβ
ǲΪͶӰľʻ滶š
˵ԱȴЩ֣ղ⼸ܣôҲһôһܻͷˣ
ָҲ˼⣺ǺͶ֮ɡ
˶һۡ
ƭأ
Ūء
µطֿ
ͷǰƽǰһ֡
ɣ̽װ÷˲ԶޣԭطһöɫźŵͲ׷ȥ
һʱ󣬶ӳƵͻȻߵ
ųסǱ߸ϣ
ƽˡ
á
һͣǸѾ㶨ˣ
š
һ顣
Ӣ۾ųôˡ
ӢûܳɹҫҪɵģ͸ɿһƺ赭дģ
ųղǱм˰Ҹղһ˶ŷˣӣòײųŵѻ
ƽûĻӣʮ
ߣ
۾ţѿڶʮ
˵ղŵĶԻʿˮȷһ飬һˣȫ㶨ˣ
š
ߣ
ųų
Ǹų
Ĭ
ʧȥսƽĶ
ֻʣ´ʺƨĶ
ųţƣ
˲ˡ
ƵڣȡƨһƬ
ƽûͨѶĶԵҰ·
ﱻ͵ϮɹѧԱ޷ٽԣ˵Ҫñľʯܱסһϯλ
ֻϧ࣬޸ӰӶûм
ƽҲû̫ʧ
Ͼѵ޵ʵˮƽ
ʱ֣Ӣֲһͨ绰
Ц⣺˵Ҳ̫ţ˰ɣŷǸνľ񲿶ӶȫˣûŶƵ淢˺ôһͨƢװǴܣȥֱ֮˺ܾõĻᣬڲʱ졣
ƽֻʲô¡
ûûΡӢһ䣬ֻ㣬ҳôһڶûǮȵѵ֮㻨Ǯȷָһ룡
ƽûоܾɣлл
Ӣһ֪Ǯԣ
ֱӹ˵绰
֮ûš
ĵ㣬߸ϽųǸȥµύˡ
ƽûüύʯáװеһĻ֣ȴûеһΣץӷΣòװڣԲıݣ
ÿʮӣڶӳƵһߡ
ųʮӣ
ųʮӣ
ƽ԰ˡ
ĵʮֵʱµύǰ
մ򿪼ʻյĹһ˾ʯɴ䡣
Ҷ˳ϴȥѪۣᳵ·˳
ΧһԵѧԱ˫۷Ź⡣
ۣ
ƽʱһˮʧ˴սֲࡣ
һ·СܰѾʯ͵ڹ̨ʱ仰̬ȻܺãҲˣŷĽʧǸأֻҪ࣬ǾӮˣ
ԣƽûٿڡ
ת˵ҪʮӣȥϢɣ
ϢѾá
ΣͲǿ⣬ʳôõײ͡
ƽȡһݻ
Ҳڡ
кװãѾ˷ʱڴߣ֪Щʲô
ƽȻһ£ʵϾʯ𣿡
˶٣̧һۣҪʲôԣ
ʲôԡ
ִӻͳһ͸ıʯɫ
ƽ⣺ǣ
ֻǡ
ô˵ƽתҶиһҪһǩ
΢üǩ
š
ĵĪǽӹֽʣɷǩϡ֡
ƽǩ;ʯһ£⴫ߵ
̹٣ųҷ𣿡

ţСƳ߽
ʣʾ۵ԡͰ̹پ÷Ķʣ
ԡͰ
ԣ
ϲ̵ġ
˵ĹԱ˵ϴ裬ˮͿҪպˣһ                        
лҪ˵Ҳϴ衣
ˮ롣

 41 

߽, һ䣺ǽ̹, ԡͰĶ
üԽ
ﲻ
ͷűߡ
ƽͬʱ
һʱû˵ʲô, ãȻʵ
ƽ˻һ, һ䣺ˮ񡣡
ֱûٿڡ
̹ޱӹ˵ġ
״, ٷԡͰ, һһк, ϽƳת뿪
̹٣ųģҾˣ
ȵıӰʧ, ƽɨѾߴ򿪵ԡͰ, תصߣԷ
ıӰ, Ƭ, ء
밲
Ȼݰûά̫á
, ƽ¿ӡ
ߡ
ųųһ·Ź, ϲ, վſڴʣûпˢµа񣿣
ƽӻֵ
ˢµĽ⡣
ûС
Ȳ쿴
˵䣬ƽѾ˵һѧĹ
ѵݾڹҳ
ȥһ۾ͿΪ۵Żܰ
𣿣
ƽˡ
ܰһ, װӳ棬ܻ1300
һͨ󣬡װĸǰһССĽɫʹڣŵϯڶʿ֮磬ֻܻһ֡
ЩʱѾҪ
Ѿ
ųǵһˣ
һ仰˵꣬񱼹ѧԱҲ̲ס׷˷ܵû
ԭΪܹѾ䵽D.OѾˣû뵽ǵĿ궨Ļ̫ˡ
ƽڻȥ
תױңÿһСĽʣµĹ㡣
ߺܲ˼̧ͷƽڵʶӿĻ˻ȥĿ˵ǣų
ŽѧԱҲЩ˼
ĻִҶˣƽһն422֣ģǽŰٷ֣˼һࡣ
ڣƽ
߼ʱ˵ĲԾ
˿ƽ˵ȻǵһˣҲи쿪ʼҶһٶľȡÿܺųĻֳƽ
仰էô㲻Ҫ
ʵ˲ˡ
ãһųʧ
ظı֤УһԴ䳵˹
վ¶쳵ڵĹԱĳǰĶһãǹȥУϵģǶصţҪй䣬Ͼȥˮˣ
Ⱥֱһֻ
ﶼʮµˣûн񱣬ĸǿսҲǳ˲ٺʱһˮ裬϶ˡ
ԱĻҸϽƽתٷɱԼ
ûãƽǰ׿ˡ
䳵ǿǰ
֪ǰһǽ̹רõҲ֪װĽ̹˭Ա̬ȶʱһٰʮת䡣
ȴӳˮСʣ
ʣųˮˡ
ɤ
Աæȥ
ԡͰһ㶣ȻһԵƽ
ƽСС۾Ŵɻ󣺡Ҳס
Ա󵨲²⣺Ǽ棿
š
ԱĴָҿֱ
ƽûڣѾӴվ
һվ˵ӵ񣬹ԱƤһҲûĵ飬æҴ򿪷ţԡͰˮ
ˮע룬ڵ˲ӿ
ƽתѷ¼ϣƷס
ڻӵĻһҹûгҲڵˮһݡ
ȵԱ뿪Ž⿪ԡͰ
վڴߣ˫ѾڿӱԵָٿս
һ룬һһָĺرǽԡͰ֮䣬ҲڵĿռһΪ
ƽŲ΢١
Ƭ̺󣬻ڣҲϰߺͱһϴ衣
ƽͣǣ
ǽ̫ڻή¡
ʵҲ
ڻͷܵͬʱ¶Ѿͽȡ
Ҳע⵽ⷽı仯
šüı˱ǽȣֻ׼
Ǻ䡣
ָ
̹٣֪ûоܡ
һ׿
̹١
棬㲻Ҫôߡ
ô˵ɱǽȻǼһ롣
Ҳ㹻ס˫Ķ
ʱ¶ҲѾƽû١ôߡ
ȥϵ·ԡͰûˮС
ھþûд
ƽҲûȥעϵֻƵ
Ϸ޳ϢȻǴصעĶ
Ƶڣսؼڻ㱨˽⵽
ƺٴνˣԭʥǳϣ˵֮ǰڶսУѾֳ˴ǰûйϣı仯ҲϷ޳УòôΪ˸еǡ
ƽ̧۴ԡͰԵָ㡣
ֱܲӵ֧ԮϷսôãҲûдʲô
ԶԸ𣬻мֳʲôʡ
Ȼڴˮƽ˼
ԡͰӽܸһǽҲԿģӰӡ
ƽһֱۣߵԡ˦ȥ˫ߡ
֮һˮ죬ҲԡͰھͽֻʣŲ
Σƽ֮пͰڣ¡
ֱȥãԶת
죬ǷǳҲɷõѦڲʿ
֣ƽ˫ۡ
΢΢
ѦʿãͻȻص³ǣͬڲΪ޳Ե𣿡
ȫǡ
Ѧںͼţ΢
ӢڷѦüǼΪԻľ¡
̸ʱƵרעǳЦʱԵ˹ţֻҲʮ⣬׾˷ķ
ʱ䣬ûκκۼ
ϤףƽͻȻһ졣
ϵʱѦѾֲϵ޵ĴصףԳǧڳڣֻܷԮѣתԸޡ
ʧȥʶ֮ǰƺѦڵĺѾûлȷϡ
ѦںпܾǸʱ˳
ûоܣֱ漣
ĴӷȾԴͷӳӦҲջ
ЩоԺҪǵˡ
뵽⣬ƽԡͰ
̧ҪȥȡڱǽϵԡͶӰﴫѦڵһش
룬һº׼ؽ֮ǡ
ƽסתȥ
ѦϻǴЦ۵ȴ侲ļᶨ仰ֻһʵ
˲䣬ƽовϴָ⻮
ع
ǡ
ԭűǽĵطû˱ǽ
ԭԡĵطҲûԡ
ƽĿԡԡͰļз죬̧ͶϻͶӰתߡ
ʱûȥעͶӰˡ
վš
š
˶š
ϵˮˮߣƽļʡ
ͷƹк£ˮɫһ㱡Ĥˮ£޵
δ
δ
׹ˮ춯·ڸסԵ
ڲԾˮƶ
ԭĪ黺Ӳ
ƽѾټ¶͵ı顣
̹٣
͵ػ
̴ߣǰȴǷɢȥĻ棬ڼǿѹ֪߳ܣ
ƽ̹٣Ҫû֪ͨҾջܡ
ƺѣ仰䣬ͻȻʧıǽ̳֡
һָ
ǽһߴΪ˿ŵƵ
̹٣ˣ̫¶Ȼή
㲻Ѿϴ𣡡
ûԡҳȥ
ǽһ߾̷һԡ
ȥ
ǽֱᱡ
ǵ߳ǵӵա
ƽֽ̧סԡ
űǽӳģӰӣٿȻЦһ
Цת˲š
εıܷӦ𣬻û޹ʽнԶʱִͬлĴǰ
Ҫ˵Ѧûб仯
ǻ                        
лҪ˵ˣû䣡


 42 

Դȥ, Ҳûϴ衣
, ʵڷǳ򵥡
ƽҲû, ÿѧԱһԡ
װ, ӵڶ쿪ʼûе¹ܰһı
ӣǺ͵ڶʿ֮ĲҲս, ڻܰ, ֱһ
ڼ, ƽʢɴг
񻹼ǵãѳ걨ȥʱ򣬺ߵĹԱжô
Ұζ
ҲֻӲͷƤ˵ǣԣ͵ûдҰ, ȫ½ֹķΪ, ΪδЯȾ͸в尲ȫδ֪ǳΣ, ųǻѴȾ, ύ, ϣܰǾ, ø
ΪѾͬ, һҪܿ챻׼
˱֮һֱܱɧǵD.OҲûӰ
ʶԭ֮ǰɺϣԼڹ
ٺƽȷϹʱòᡣ
װͲǺ, ٱ͵Ϯ˵ǿǰʮȥھˡ
ûųڣѵѧûˡͻءŷĻһ˽˶Լ
ðűųķհʢСӳ˰죬Ȼҡ
ԽԽϾڹ̳һӣֱͱ˳ȥ
ڱܹעѵף
ߵĹ̴ʵһѧ
ѧ쵼ըͷˣ͸Ͻµѯʻ
ŵڶ죬һͨ
ȡءŷġʢ˵ıʸѵɼϣǴ֡
Ϣʵ߸˼죬ƽ̬ڣ꺮ů޲ƽ˯֮ǰȰѱȡ
ûҡ
Ϊ̹ٿˡ
˿ڣѾ࣬޵ĿҲѸٰθߣװԱ󲿷һ꼶ֶӷɢкܴΣԣƽûԶһֱĻԱʱӦ
ԡ
죬ľǶޣ޵Ӱû
ʼһֻޣֻһ⡣
˵ѵĳ̬ƽû׷ɾ衣
עԭϡ
ϾʯӴзӦȴûоܡ
ûмӣҲûϡ
Ǿʯƽ⽥
Ǿʯʹͬ龧ʯû˿ĸоɵʱֻܸ̺ܵһĤ
ĸ֪Ҳӵʱͬ
𣿡
ͻȻڡ
ƽջؾʯ
ȻиOO@@ʯн
ǰһöɫźŵХա
ӳƵһʧ̹٣ֲϵޣˣˣ
˲ʱεض
ƽšü
ԮСӺǾ벻ֻ޵ĻΧǶ˵Ǽһܸߡ
ƾף͸Ǽֲϵս
־Ƿǳ
ͬʱ뵽һ㣬棬˻ȥ
ƽûлشתлȫƵȫ嶼УٶʱӪسˣκζͷͣ١ٽƽԿ죬ǳȣѹѧԱеĻңصӪصһ֧СӣұݽĿ
仰ǳá
䣬С뿪ת򣬳Ӫس˻ȥ
ƽڵͼͬ꣬ѧԱĶͬʱߣѲ߻ϵŶΣҡ
Ҳڸϻȥ·ϣЩ֡
һֲֻϵ޶ѣƽͽ̹ٶȥˣڻҪϵӣôʦ
룬̰ѺŶη˹ȥ
ٳƽѾҶͨתͨ˻ӵĺŶΡ
ѧԱȫһǵһѧѵͼϵ֮أźŸͨͱ𣺡ãǻӡ
װļ档ƽ򵥸Ŀǰҵֲ꣬ϵ޳ûȼǣ̹ٻڸϹȥʮСӻֳҪֹԮ
̶һ仰ýԱŵôˣ塭ޣ
ٷͼһֻǼ
бΪΣԵޣֱʮһֹֻֻ
һֱֻʮ꣬˺ԼߣоԺоĸɱпԱڣ֮½ǿǰ˵Ĵۣڽϧڼ¼УûۼӣҲͲȷࡣ
Ҳһ꣬ƽӹܶ³ǣΪγ
ҲǰǳУƽ͵ڶֻͻȻΪǵͬھ
ΪΪǵкǼ޵Ļְǳ
֮£ֻǡ
ʵϣҲиߵֲ֣֮ϵޣֻǸѲӿֲ
һʱ䣬Ա亹
ѵıصȷ޳ûһǼ޶ܺӵһα񣬸Ǵûֹһֻޡ
ǣ
ˡ󲿷ӦⱲӶܲĶ֣Ǵ˵Ĵڣ˴ƽĿһ
ɢѧԱϵͽĻӣϼֹ𣿡
ﴫ侲ɤýԱعĺأʶͷˣ˵ʶ绰һѧѧæ˵ͬѧҲ㾡صȫȴ
һ仰û˵ֻ꣬ʣͨѶҶϵæ
Ҳͬʱ˺ӷֵͨѶ
ûãϿմһ䱸
ƽʾϽðһССĵͼ棬עȫн·ߣߴѧԱץʱǰ
˵ԱѾȷ޵Ǽ
ƽüͷ΢
ʱֱǰĹҲ˲ԡ
ʲô
ҿһ䱸淢ʲôˣ
ʲôô˶ڸ·
ΪƽͻͻȻȫǰͷû˵Ӱӡ
ѡ˼λȴѧԱڸͽȫݵĻ档
ڻͲǰλ˵ûյʾãȻ
ôѵһһ䱸
ǣ˶ûӦͻ״ľ顣
ֱڷٱǡ
ѾյϢĵһѧУ˿̸ǽŵǺ
ڳһֻǼޣ
©Ѵ̣һѧԱ͸ˡ
ֵҵǣ֪ΪʲôͻȻȥѵν̹٣Ҵ·ܽ
ĿǰΨһıʮ޵ѧԱ
ǱϾֲϵޣǿҲսͬʱٱʮˡ
ƽ뷨һ¡
ûȥĻһڵ
ҪٴƵȥԱĺȣѾԶڻըַ졣
ʱҲ׽Ӱ
ܵսʼա
ŴͷûĶ
̨ĺɫףǵǵĵĻֱҪͶӰ
ôͻһˣ̫Σ˰
ȥô嶯ģ
һѧǷ𣡼ҲǸһ䱸ˣʱȥޣ
˵ԱҲ̫ͬôڻ⣬ʱӦþİȫصŶԣôʵ̫ðˣ
ָ˶٣˵Ϊڣȥæһ䱸ޣǼ϶̫ͣǿˡ
˵Ա̾˿ԸܱߵĻܾϵ
Ȼֱķԣûа취ƽĶߡ
巽˻δһԴѾҫۻ׹棡
ȻĴֱӲսڴһ˿ԲĽƣҪٺˣǵֲϵޣûܣֻ̨ͺŻףȥ𣡡
ƽ˵һˣôȥʮˡ
棬ӰŵʮСӣƴǰ񱼡
ƽܷǲܡ
ҰҪ˷ʱˡȥɣ㡣
䣬ڹǲԼͬľУԿкХ£
š
ɫ׼μټ׷ȥ

 43 

ų̹٣
ѧԱܿע⵽Ͽմ׷жеƿ, ڴӿֻһϣ
ƽǽоͽͨѶԽӣɢƽ, ע۲ܱ߶, ͵Ϯ
, ųǰųϴˣ
ѧԱػشš
ǻ֪޵ľǼڿƽͻ, Ѿ˿
ǻ, ƽǵ, Һͽ̹ٻڻǾ췵ؾͽİȫ𣿡
ƵڶʱһƬš
ޡ
ƽᵽ˻ѧԱѾˡ
Сӳǿ񣺡ųͰĻϸղͻȻɫͷ𣿡
ԡ
򵥼Ի, ƽͻȻأ
Χ鲼ſ, 谭Ұȴֲϵ޵Ȼս
ʱ, ͻ
, ʯ, ȥ, ֶ֦ƵϮ, ·գֱһĳ
ּ䣬бȻߡ
ƶٶȴþˣڲԼ١
ŶߴOO@@ѧԱǺµͷƤ顣
ƽ󣺡ų
һԲ
һ˲, ıϵȻεĿˣųˣ
ӡ
˪ǵ򣬺޵ֿĿನɨʱ촷ۡ
ԼΪģӲٳһƬԲοյء
ڷ買ĩУΡ
ֱͶӰǰһĻĹǲԼͬ˺
ǻһھͷǰ֣ҲǴҵһʵʵ
Ϊս̫Զ޷¼Դը
ȻģĻ棬赭дǿƣȴ˾𺳡
Ĺûֹͣ
ԭŻĴת˲ᡣ
Ө͸ĺ֦ÿһ磬̬ɿиӣʢڵ֮
ţƽԴǡʱϵ
˵Աʶ˵ǻų
ȴû˵һ䡣
벻ʲôݻ
ָҲŰ
ʵҲѾⳡսơ
ΨһܿóģͶӰ̨ףʮСǣס
ȷǿ
Ҫͬʱʮˣ̫Ϊˡ
Ļûֱ˵
ڲҪ֪£Ҫ֪ˣҲòѡ
սеĻȴûָôš
ޱ廹ڲڰȴֻԭضԸЩ֣ǲж켣򣬵ȷЩ֣֧Сӣսɬǰ֣ۡ
ԭҲ˴һӲ̵׼ֻǡ
飡
˳ԴŵƽĻס
ûܡ
ƾһ̨ͺŻףƽڴ֮·ɡ
׵̶զࡣ
ֻȥ÷Ķƺȫ׾١
ͬʱûϤ
սʼԷÿһӲա
ÿһȶ׼ڿϵܸǵ
Ҳֵһѹ
ƵڻǾĵġ
ûн
ʾûй
ֱƿߡ
ǰδˣȴܺϵĬ
棬ƽӰӡ
ŽȻͬɡ
ԺͻȻһ
ûüץס
ٿأһഫ˼
̹١ƽ΢üôûߡң㾡ȥ塣
㣿ûܣʲôӢۡ
ƽֵܹĹŷһ䣺ѵֻ޲Žãǽʱ䲹һ䣬֪Ĳϡ
֪仰̼еĽ̹٣ֱӴĽ̹٣һָӡ
ƽѵһ
⻹ǵһΣսʱ̬ôǿӲ
̶ʶƽǵһѧ档
뵽һ㣬ûٿڡ
£ȻޣٰĿǰ״ʱȻӸϵ´ࡣ
ֻǣǰȵԸ
ô¡
սΣķƽ΢ת䣬ѧԱȡ
̹٣ų
ƽתὣȥ
ոսǣֻĴַߣΪ˽ʡԴսûпԴڡ
Ӧ
ĺϽ˺ѾԽԽСˡ
˫ֳֽݺҲնһڡ
޵˺ԱͣĹ
װƣûа취¡
ƽֻܰһιΡ
ɫ׵Ķٶȼӿ죬ľͷֻܲ׽ĲӰ
ڻ׷ɵսߣͻһ·ϣٵ͵˶óࡣ
ĻĵǽֱΪݡ
ʵɼ濪ңǲеǿĹˣ
ǿǻ浽ʲôˣͻϣ
ްɣ̫ˣû뵽ѵȻܿôʵĳ氡
ͬʱ˵ԱѾյϡ
ѸٿָһۣԷ𾪡
˳ж˵ԱɰͰ͵ģѵֻޣǡ
Ļǿһ
ȻϢըþסˡ
ȥͶӰԼڻҲ
ԲۡǴ˵еޣ
֮ǰ˵ΪģŵǸְ֣
λ˵ǺܿϢ
ʱһĻ˴ҵע⡣
˵ҺûùܣֹͷˣӦòʵɣ
Ǳ˼ǡ
ûܡ
ùЩԽܡ
ֱ磬ǿΪ𣬶ܣ֪ʲôʱͳǿߵĻ
ʵûܣͺһԭȱˣһɺӵȱ㡣
սϣֻսûа취Ϊһϳƿȫֵ˵ġ
ʶûܺ󣬹ٿֱͶӰľ䡣
ȷʵûʹܰûܰɡ
ȻųӦֻڴʲôġ
ֻǸѧ϶ųҲˣ
˵ԱͻȻת˷ĵĻ
ֻƾͺŻ׾ܺͻ϶ԸޣѾǷǳ˲ĳɾˣЩҲ֪ӽʲôˮȻġ
ȻûܣҲȷʵһź
̾˿ֱͶӰ
ͷȻƽͻ˵ϡ
ʱ串Ժը߿շУԻ׵Դ洢൱սƽѾʡԴʾԼ
棡Դ10뼰ʱأ
ûãڰתųǰ
ûȥˡ
յͬѡ
ƽʾΧ
ٶԶʮСӣôǰһ
ֻսʶ֪ʮ㣬׷뿪
ʵܷ
ͼ޲Żǻۣǰһֻǣȴǣǿߡ
ǿгưΧȦ÷񹥻ѧԱķʽϡ
ֱƽ
ֻޣƺԻġ
ֻܵȡƽأԴѾַ״̬Уֻ޿ܻ
šü
ƽ²ûд
֮ǰնϵĴ֣ܿ죬ҪĽ
ôʮСӸᡣ
̹٣ô죬ҵĻԴˣ
ҵҲǣ
ҵԴҲˣ
ƽóѹеĿ־塣
û˶־ٲϵͻеæˡ
ֻ޵Ľٶ쳣
ȻԴ²Լ͹ˡ
Ĺһôޡ
ʶʱ乻ãƽΪ仰ǳھ档
ûش𣬾ԶԴںը졣
Ѳ߻ӡ
ڵˡ
ѧԱǾϲӣƵﻥ
ˣ
ƽȴƿߡ
ը˷ƺƴ󣬿һֱûнӽ
Χ޷ͻƣѽʮѧԱ
Ҳһ㡣
ƽ˵ʲôʱܵ
ɽͨѶҪӡ
ӡ
ƽԴ
9
㹻ˡ
ƫƫһֱȶսͻȻ仯
ҡΡ
ǣ
ƽĵ΢ٿȻע
͵ת
ƽûзעķӦѹ˲ٽʡԴԷصʮС֮ǰ
ѧԱѾʧ룺ų⵽ô°
ǴδϹսȻס
ֲֻϵ޵ı壬ڷ￿£
￪սԴСʮѧԱİȫҪעص㡣
Ƭ̹ȥ
Ÿϵ
ƽҰȴֻбĻǡ
ѧԱſǻʵ̹٣ǻ𡭡
תǰᡣ
ɤƽ·Ȼ̬ȣѧԱ΢һЩ
ڣҲʱֹͣ
ͬǰ
Щ졣
Ȼûάֶá
ֵľ޴Եصױ
ƺѧԱǵļǽſۿٶȴ˹
ıϵҲͬʱ
ϵܶеĴ̹ǺɲǼٶȫ
֮󣬱ؼӹסıŻ
ξ޴ͶµӰõһơ
ѧԱŵں
ǴһƬհףƽתܡ
ƽɳȵʱǻع
͡
ǵûκʵԵãֻǱͻʱӪȡ
ʱѧԱǸ޷侲ԣܹжӵģʣ
ƽȴ
ӡԻ̹٣ˡСĵ㡣
䣬ƽ׷ܵѧԱȫѹͼɱǵ
вϧ¶Լӳ֣Щֵ֦ǿ
ټʡԴ
ֱǰʱҲ˲ȥ͵ĻǽͶӰĻ棬´һ˿һ
Ѿֿ
һͷһβŷɢĶľ£
˾ȵǣûܣƽֻĻײȻܱ֤ûκһӡ
սȻͻȡ
ֻǣһĨɫӰ֮ƮҡΪһ亹
˶Ϊš
ȻһӺ˵ĵڷ
ƽƽԤ׵Ϩˡ
ָḻѿڶĻԴľˣ
˵Աһʲôָȷ𣿡
ָ죬û˵
ʱ仰ԼԸš
û˵
ƽĻ׼ʻڣʾո
ǰʾϣҲʾԴ
1
Ÿϵ
һӡ                        
лҪ˵̫ˡ
дһ죬һξ黹ûд


 44 

ԴĻƽԤƷΧڡ
1
άֻٷпټ, ͬʱʡԴϵͳǿƿ, һйָȫЧ
ͣ, ͨѶƵʹѧԱʧĲ
ųң
ųô䲻
޷ֻıǿʹ׳, ѧԱ񾭱Ѿ˼ޣͻȻʧȥƽıǵ˱Ե
ųҵԴֻʣ4˰
ƽܹ˽ʣ, ָ, ̹ٷ£
Ȳ, Ҳ뿪ѧԱѾ³Ŀǰ״
ʶԴ⣬ٿΧ
޴ͶµӰӻͷƺԶնĴʱػӵص
״, Ұ, ޹ɿѭСı, иʴԵҺڼ, ܿͻմǡ
ԭͬػһ̨ɫ, ȴѾ޷ٰǰЩΣ⡣
, ﴫһﲻ
ų, Բˡ
仰䣬ĳĬ漴ʱƵ
ʱͨѶƵͻȻ
˽̹ȨޣֱӺƽԻ
, ˳ȥ
ƽңңȥһۡ
ǿܣԴĹ⣬Ҳεľء
οֲϵȻѲǵš
̹١
ȴɤвŲ֪Ľƣ棬ѾûԴˣ𣡡
̹٣ƽٸʮ롣
ʮ롣
˵žܸϵ
ָٿս
ǰʮѣһҪ㣬żҡ
á

ͬʱѵֱǰ
˵ԱţȻ㾡뿪ָû취ӳȥ𣿡
ָҲüͷ޵ĹͬʱѧԱ뿪ģӦΪû취ͻųͣž򡣿ԿóѵĹ·ˡ
˵Ա죬ȴĬ
ûоܣ׵ԴּľΣ֣Ȼѡ£ʵ޷Լۡ
ɵ
ѱȴȫѵ
ɴߴټ澡쳷
Ŀǰ˭ܿ
һѧԱɡ
ͶӰǰĹҲһĬš
ŻսϼֵĺɫףǾģأֻתƻɢע
ԮôûǿɣѾù˰
Ѳ߶أ³ǵأ˻ǻųͼڿ˶ȥĶˣ
˰ˣ
Ļ˵ԱۿᣬҲЩǼʱΪڽ󣺡ֻ˵ֻϮʱ̫ɣ³Ŷȥ޳Ϸ֧ԮҷģΪ˾ȥѵѾܲһ֧顣
ǵģ֪ˡָ븽ͼ䣬ǰͻιͶӰĻ棬ȵȣ
ָ
ָ͵վָͶӰ˵ˣ˵ľԮӵˣ
˵Աæȥ
һֱͣڸ߿յûзŹͷǰ˿
ƽͻ͡
ڼ伸Ϊ˽ѧԱ׵ıѾӿݣЩҡ
ʵܿ˻ҪĲӰ
ֻйںͱѧԱſõսľ
ԵԮӵӰѸٽӽʱҶϲԽ
ųˣ
ʹ˿ɱΧѲ߶ӣĶѵأʵǿƽԴľ֮ǰڸϵˡ
ѧԱغ
ųĻûԴˣ
Ⱦųȥ
ƽЩ⡣
ʱִ
𣿡ڣ뿪
ϧԸΥ
ƽĻ׼ʻڣѾʾ
棡ԴѺľͽѰҽ㣬׽ʮӺ䣡
Դľ׾һѷĿԣױ޽飬ûκá
ʮš
ƽ˷磺̹٣æ
ԼĶü΢ʲô
ߡ
Ҫա
ƽ⿪ȫѸٰ¼ťĿƵ̨ϰڷŵľʯְ̧ȡġ
üĿ̺桪
һ
סҡ
£ʻŴ򿪣νƽ͵صȥ
Χ޷ֻĴ֡
޵ıڲԶ
ֻһͱ¶ǰǸÿ¡
ƫƫƽˡ
һ̣пһĻˣԼͬס˺
ֻлƽµ˲䣬Ҳ˲ԵѧԱʱεضƽķȫٷɳۣ
棬𣡡
仰ڷԵģ塣
ƽ̹١
ٶ˵ʲôֱһǿƵıϵգɢ
ƽʱһɺзڣûжˡ
ڰղϵƣⱻסʱ̫ܵ
绹ڶ졣
תܿһ̲ͣűǽıԼ֮Ǿ޴ޱ塣
ƺܲһͻƿڣȻת˹
棬ʯ
ƽҪڣѾϵ
ȽٶȻ壬жŲ̧˫ۣ˫ƲסƽᣬȴԼҲͲĺºŭԼЦ𣡡
ƽָ̧ڴǰ΢
ǿѹ²֪ʱӿü
ҡΡ
Ѿϸȥ
״б仯޵ıҲڻƶ
ķ
Ż
ƽ΢
ɫϥأס壺عҡץʱ䣬ֻ޲̫Ѱ
£ʮѧԱھԮӵİ³ˡ
Ȼֵǣƺʮ˷ʱ䣬ǼԻҹԽԽ
ƽҪĹĿꡣ
սǻۣһսܹӵеġ
ϧûʮСӣҪٹ˼ʲôһֻޣĶ֡
ƽԼڻ׵ĴĴָؽڴ̶ſǰ
⣬л˵ս
ûע⵽ƽڣ˸Ƶֻ˵ųǻᾡȫսָʾ
ʱ޵ıۿɼʹһȦ
Ԯûйر˷磬Ƶǵɻ
ô£
ûУֱˣ
Ƕν𣿡
ֻк͸ߵȼսḻ˲ſԿ
ⲻǶν
ֻޣıԴ
ƽûѻ
֪һҲЩ
ǣڸûͼܵ£ϧıԴҲҪԻӵսǻ۵Ĳ²㣡
ƽҲĿľʲô
ץ
ƽع
̧ͼһ̵ǰѸٷŴ
ӭƽָ΢
һμ
ڲƽǼ档
棬ûоܡ
˼䡪
ٿȻ΢һɷŵʪϢת˲š
ˮϵܲеĲ
ƽУȥ
£һ̲ûܳ͵ˮݻڻеƵġ
Ż̲ˮΣʱ˦ɳȥ
ƽһˮ棬̧֡
͵ǾʯӰҲɫ貹
ԣˮϵ

ֱ䣬ǶΪͶӰĳĵ
ųǧ򱣻ü氡
һҪô𣿣Ͻˣ
ôоһʱ˰˵ˣôûһȥæأ
ԮСӸϵ
ʮС
ڰȫݡ
ս·ת
ĻһƬгѺá
ֻн˵Աǳ鴤
˼ҵء
ؼǸʵ
ԴȥﻹʸĴ
ĸ̶ûǰȻһ
˵Աʶ̧ͷȥȴɴ۾
ֻصĻƺƴ˳գ֪˭ٿأΪһ֮źɨս
ھˡ
ԡۡ          

 45 

ˮϵ, ƽʮϤ, Ǿʯӳ, ͷųûܵ˿
Ժԭͬ, ƺֱӱ𲻴
ΨһϧǣˮϵԲֲϵ޵Ŀǡ
ʱѾǿ󲨶Դͷ
ݺü, 㣿
ʾûо, ô£
ҡս˲Ϣ, ƽûнͣת̹٣ˮϵǶȻ, , սپ
ֻͻȻ·ͷ, Դ, ̫
ѵǵһѧ, һʲô, Щ½δϣƱ׵С
ȻҲһ㡣
ƽĻ, ǿѹͷȻ񼣬תƷͬһ⵶ֱֱȺУ
ƽվʯƽܡ
Ϊս֣΢Į, ֹͶȴԴݡ
УƽѾꡣ
ԣʧȥʶһ룬Ϊֻ
ڼûܻûиеİ
οܵʹã
ϻлһԲӦһޣԳΪв
СӣԷ̬롣
ըڻУƽԵģ壬ǲɵλϳ˻
ǣų
Ҳûо
״ԮӳԱٵ飬漴ˡ
ֻﻹףôúúõģͻȻҪ뿪
ʻԮÿһͷʱִ˷İ졣
ʪϢźĺ⣬Ȼɢ
ʶعɵȻ
ԶĻɫͣա
޴֮ǰǸޣҲԵøС
Ȼ̨СĻףͷѹޣ
˶ܿת˲ˮ˺һͼϮ
ıɫ޽ƣֱޱ塣
ǻ׼䣬һˮԲϣڻ󻺻̿
º͵ˮɫӳչ⣬ڵͶƬƬ˸ŵӰǱĴֶʱ¶š
ţȴӲޱȵĴͱдͬʱ
顣
޾ȻΣٽ
ڴ˿̺ݺɫף
Сģ
ֲȳڡ
뷢
޵ȫԻԮӵ˲֪ʱѾͣ֡
Զս뾴塣
ܵĻȫ˳ս
ʧȥս̣ԭΪⳡսʧɫ١
ǰĳҪǧ̨׹ͬսøֺʢ
ҲʲôʾǰһĻĻ
ѾԶԶļ޷Χ⡣
ҲףΪʲôսʼ֮ǰǳ롣
ǿ޵ײսನ¾ҪǾȫ
Ȼô˵ܶ
ǶִеãӦþֻ۰ɣ
뵽⣬ȹս͸׶һۣſЦһξ룬ıͻȻһ䣺
ųأôûڣ
ԮӵĶӳüͷ˵ѧԱ˵ų˭
棡ѧԱԴľӻգ̹ٽס֮Ҿûˣỹɣ
գӳ̻֮ǰĳ
ȳɫš
֮ǰ˵Ǽ治ȫѣһֱֵǸ
ĺӣҲ
뵽⣬תŴҰҪڳѰȴ˻Ļס
ųĲȻֵѧϰҪ
ųұôһֱǰ
öӳ̲ס࿴һۣͷ˻̶ڻ״Ĵָϵƽ
κηս
ӳʧԹܡ
ʱֱĹҲע⵽쳣
˵Ա˵ŹͶӰκ˿
һֱĬš
ƽϵķøǵĶӻҲ˵Σǰͬ衣
ƽƫƫǴıͷ֮䴩
㴦ôΣյľأƽƺе£еš
Ӻ۵ľͷûܿı飬Σ۵ס
˵ԱھԮӳſġ
Ҫ壬ŻĴָֻǣδ̫⡣
˿ٰ̫ܲȫ
ֻһȲڽ֧ţôأ
ÿÿƽڻȱֺͱԿ˵ԱҪһ˹ɽ
ַƽƨûУԼಡ÷ˡ
ֵ֮Ļ󲿷˶ʼ£Ż˵ָ𣿡
ָ˵ͷ£ˡû뵽治ӵܣܻôǿ󣡡
˵Աһ㶡
ܣ
ʲôܣ
Һûд仰ֱʳڣΪܿ뵽
ڣ޶սˣֹǻһλضǿˮϵߡ
ȵȡ
˵Աţָ˼ǣˮϵߣǼ棿
û
˵ĶԻĻըˡ
Բۣôû뵽˶ˣʣųͼ棬һߣǼ˭
˵ûʲô
˵治ûܣ˼ҵʹܺͻųϣ
ĸˣ⵽ðľŰ
Ƕƽľ̾ûά̫ãͶӰͻȻһΡ
أֻȻջд֣ȫ棬ٹȴɡ
˵Ա֣ţ𣿡
ָȴ˵е㲻̫Ծ
ôԾ˵
ͷǰƽͻȴͬʱʶֻ޵Ĵ㡣
Ա
ƽֱ
ʱѾûʱȥΪʲôֻ޵ÿٶ͸Ź졣
ǿʢʱھѡԱ»ǿܻ壬ҲˣοܶûУɡ
û˰µҲʧΪһᡣ
轻
ƽٹ˼ȫܣ
˷ˮգۼ۳һ󣬰סޣѸ롣
ıˮһһ˲ѣ
֫ɡ
ըѵķ϶䣬ȻԿޱıƤŹ⡣
ϧûǻۣ͹˶ֵս
˻ĻڣˮӿٶȲӴޱ壬ƽ˫ˮϵܵԣȻһֱƤˮ֡
лû롣
ƽҪΪԺͻȻһʹ
ûоκصѵֱޣЩǿ
ɰڴһ٣ûͣ¡
׼ʻڣҲ⣬ø֪д̴ޱ
Աڵľʯ
ں֮ǰж뾧ʯ֮ϵ
ؼѹֵš
Ƕ޺˽ˣ˿Ҳ˲Ծ
ѵϿձľ
һ
һΣǽһ
޵ԣ༱ٵĺ
ѵֽһĻĵüΪɲ
̶ֽȣֻвڹΧȴֹעĹǣûΣȫͬʱֵġ
ǽֱͶӰΪ˼͡
ٿأƽ˫
пһֽ̧ۣ⿪ڹ̶վ
һ̣ıڶ⣬ڱ
ԺһȭͷСıſɫľʯ
޵ʱֹͣ
һҲ֮ɢ
Ȼƽ΢͸ֲһΡ
Ҳûж
桪
ʱ޴ʬݺһ
գʹһȦѵıƤҺ壬űѵըɳȥĲ̸֫ʴһһӶ
ƽ΢ڣ־δȫɢĺѸޣŹס
̫Ѩʹӱ̡
һֻ룬漴ǡ
һ̣ӴʬȻը
㿪ѡ
ըӷ϶Ҳһ磬
Ѿתֱֱء
ƽ̶ڷд򿪼ʻգһԾ¡
ΣֻһҪ
ƽ߹ȵʲô£ѹ˵ɡ
һ٣ʲô
ƽѾ˴ľʯӻȥ͸֧
ϡ
Ҹæ
ƽϻͿһһѪѻ£һܡ
ǿ͸֧ĸּֿ
ǰģ塣
ֻһӰ嵽ǰ
棡                   

 46 

ƽʱ, ҽԺ
ʱ, ս, ֻȥһҹ
˵, ϵܶھ޸Чûô졣
ˣҵûûкý
Ժðе, ƽ˶, ŵ㣿
ң, ָܹģǻûܹǮټôܼˡ
ƽ̧
߳Υ룬תۿܡ
Ӧǻص˵³ǡ
¿ռ, ҽԺ˲Ҳ
ϴּ, һŲһͷ, һ, 䲡еļҾߡ
֮, ߸Լһ׿Ĺ, ҽԱ
ʱ, ǳһƬ˻ӡ
ϴּȴˮ
û̫á
ˮͣˡ
ϴּӰȻû뵽ƽѵô磬ź̧ײ˫ֱֱ۵, ˣ
ǰʣоô
ƽҲЩ⣺öˡ
ע⵽޷üβʪţǸϴһ䣬ô
ָ΢ߣŵȳϣĶĶ˵꣬Ȼʲô͵ػƽɻأ
ƽһۣ˵ʲô
סǰ̤һ˵ûܣô£
ƽʵҲ֪
ˮѡ
ƽǵǿžʯ뿪ʥǺҲŷ֣ϵľʯҲá
˼άݣҪٶʾеĹ˼ǣͷųܣ;ʯйأ
š
ȻŰɡ
뵽ƽȷóǺ;ʯͬˮϵܣüͷ˵ӵвͬԵľʯͿͷųͬԵܣ
һ㣬ƽȷϣûԹ
üҪ˵ʲôͻȻһɢҼٵĽŲ
ͬʱȥ
ǡʱƿһ˶ʱӿ˽
ȵ١
ڲϵƽۼˣСĵʣ棬ôˣҽԺ̽ʱ䣬ֻܵȵڲŽ
Ƕ壬Ӣ⡣
ǻ֪ʲôƽѾˣͷࡣ
ֻӢ⣬ں棬ֹ
ֱûѾͷͶȫŴ󲿶ӳص³ǣ·ϾͿֱݡ
ҲͿսƽ
һֱ׷սԼƽôܵˣֻǲٵ˵ģţڼƽˣ޲óȥĤݴ
һš
Ϳ
ӼèƵģųá
ʱ˲ŷֻĴڣʱþִ
յı仯ƽһۣԺٹ
ٶ΢΢ʾ⣬ת뿪˲
յ⣬ĶͨѶʾֻʾӷ֡
ʦ
ӷʣôˣ
΢ع˿Ѿˡ
ӷ˿˾ͺá룬ż˵һֱͼһʸһʱ𣿡
ʦѾд𰸣αҡ
ӷ˵Ǹ츳ĺӣССͣΣ壬Ҳڳˣ룬˽ЩƲӣֲңֻҽӰˡ
ƵֻʣγĬ
ӷ֪ΪƽԸܣôˣﻹɬ
úõѧ
ôᵽⲽء
һ£ҡ
˵⣬ӷͣá
ʦ
ӷͷһת˵㣬ȼԺ֮󣬴ġ
á
Իһ䣬ӷû˵ʲô̸͹Ҷͨ
æ˲䣬ĽŲȴأضס
ӷָղŷ
һֱѵûйע³ǵĶ̬ѵǳʲôʣ
Ȼӷֲ˵ѲҲֻܵȵ̸
ˣٻͷһۣżǰʳõķȥ
뵽ļ˻ڣʳãȥһݷصƽĲ
ٵ뿪
Ŵнţһ۾Ϳڴϵƽ
ԼƽǰС塣ԼСϵķˡ
ƽҲע⵽Ķҵģ
˽ָ䵭ҵ͡
ͬסһҲһʱˣƽûԹһٷ仰Ҳûж룬ֻ̧档
һ԰ɡ
ɫ
Ѵηȥ
ﾲĵģһʱֻʣ¿Ӽвʱ΢졣
ڴأѾ֪ûչĿӡ
Ƭ̺תŶƽüۣ㱼䣬ּ֪ǰҲйƽȴܰʱ̡
ų
ٿشߣЩѱ˲Ǳ
ƽвˣû̧ͷ֪ΪʲôҪƽ䡣
һֱ⡣
ǲŹˣϾҲ⿪⡣
ǵúͻʲôޡ
ϾǰҲཻܻ󱳵ĹĪԶҲûԹ
ɳѰʲôԭ򣬲ûźúõų޳ɱƽͨѧ
㡪
Һƽ£޹ء
ȴͻȻĻ̶վӲп˻⣬ȻѾȬʲôʱԺӽ̸̸
ƽҳ͡
¿ӣȥԺ
ѾϢʱԺͿ԰
ƽûгѣá
ŵһ̣ͣҽԺſڵԴȥ˵һѧ
ӷڵһѧУ칫ҵǡ
ֻǣƽͻϵ֮󣬰칫ﲻӷ֣еһѧУ辴
ƽǰ̤ڣ辴ʹӻɳվ
΢֣˵ʮ㣺λڵˡ
ȸкųȻſƽλǼСֵܰɣȻ棬һ˲Ű
ƽ֪辴²ûнӲ磺У
辴ͷӷһۡ
ӷֺЦ֣ʾ⡣
辴Ƕƽ˵СֵܣѵͻųűȫѧҴһѧǧ׵㣬Զλл⡣֪Ǯ㲻ʲôСֵܼڵһѧѧᾡȫСֵܵһ󡣡
ӢȥҽԺ̽ʱѾƽѵǰֹβ䣬Ҳ˵һװõھ
ͻءŷĶԶĵǧ׵㣬ҲѾЧ
ǧǾǰǧ׵㼴ˡ
ң
ϵͳʼƽԺĵϡ
辴˵УһѧһʩСֵܿšÿĽѧ𣬡ҧҧһǧ򣡡
һ֮ͨڵ³һ꣬ԴöڣܻѾᳬһ
辴ּ룬ƽ֮࣬ҲЩ֡
ʱվڰ칫ӷͻȻУ˵ˣ˰ɣ
辴һ䲻Ըġšһ
ӷǿƽЦ棬֮ǰҾͲĨˡ˻ӭ㡣
ˣ
ƽ΢
ڵʩǴ½ȫģϵͳǴ½ǿ˵ʲôطʺѵôˣضѵѡ
ԭҲûȥһѧٵѧȥϤˣҲܱܿ鷳
ûʲôԥġ
ӷּһѧ˵ҲҪٽ˰ɣԸ룬ţδһڡ
辴ߣӽڣ
ӽ˵ʵڲ˼УҲȱ˲Ű
汧Ǹʵš
辴޺תһڴؿƽСֵܣ
ƽί񣺡л⡣
仰辴̾˿
ףˣļʱ͵͵˷ָ
ƽں޵ǳԾУֵʵؾޣҲͺȡһ¡
ҲȻֲϡ
ƽ˼ҲѾȷȻװͿֻ˵ҾͲˡ
뿪ӷִӰ칫
ѡǶԵģܸİһǧܱȵġ
ƽûзϡ
ӷֿһۻЦ˵ҲƵʵҿ֮Ĭ̶ȣȫɴ
ʦӷֶӣ׳Ļ벻Ҫ˵ˡҵĴԶֻһˡ
ԣƽһ٣ת
ᣬĮȻ˿ڿЦ
ɻĴ
ðɺðɡӷֵƽ˼Ҳ˵ˣ㡪
Ļû˵߽꣬ô󿪵ķš
ӽڡ
ӷֿȥôˣ
˿ӽڣȥȰȰѦʿɣҪȵؽŰ񣬵Ǹʱ򡪡
סڣ
ӷǰĵϽض϶ԷĻҲѾˡ
Ȼת
˭񣿡
ϵѹʿˮԾһ
ų
ӷҲϽǰ
ȴȥᣬˣֱģңѦҪ˭񣿡
˸ҺŸɣѿڶ񣡡伸һ䣬ؽҪôãʬôȵü
ڶȻһļž
ʬ壿
·ԶɰֱͦϰɲһΣĵɤٿظƣʲôʬ壿

 47 

ӷǰ, ץסֱ, 侲һЩ, ʱܽܺƽȥϢ
֪
ٿת, һһ٣֪Ѿʲôʱ򣿡
ӷ֣ȴʶܿߡ
ʵҪӷٻشˡ
ⳡȻѦ, , ϶ͺѦйء
Ѧ³, Ѿȥ¡
ݺ߬ȭӲ
ãŵ

̧һץŵ죬ʣƽ, 
˱ֻнżⴥ, ŵĻңټӷûʾ, æ˵ݣ˻ݣ
û価, ֻһ, ˫, ûǺȳ, ǰֻʣԶȥıӰ
ӷּõأ죡ȥݣ
⣬ƽҲӽڣһ̰ɡ
ȥû뵽Լ񶼻û졣
Ҳûʬ塣
ͻȻͬھ, ʧȥʶǰܿΧضĵǼޡ
£Ӧʬ޴Ŷԡ
ߣѦһʬ壬ΪʲôҪȵڣſϹϢ
Щ⣬һȷһס
úúáӷûоܾ߱˵ʱһҪȰȰƢҪǳʲô飬˲ð
ƽ̧һۡ
Ӱչȡ
ղķӦƽתӷ֣ųһֱƽ䣬ȻȷƽѾҪôȰ
ӷǳ̾һ
ĵ绰û˽ֻܼӿŲڻ֮ϳϽ׷ȥ
ȻŻشƽ⣺ΪȷϺƽˣҪȥȰҡҡͷɬͻСܲ˽֮ĸ顣
ƽĬƬ̣ŵ֮ĸ飿
ӷֵĴߴ£ԴѾﵽߡ
羰ţɻⲻӷļٵ顣
ɾ˻ݻٰСʱ̣ܾܲôţ⣬ƺĳֻ䣬ƽͣ
Ҳʶġ
Щ£ҪӷѣƽҲǵá
ʮ꣬³иУΪһѧȫ½رһѧһư񣬽ȫ½ѧԱս
ͷԼۺʦһѧ츳ѧһԾΪ½Ľء
꣬ѧ
Ǹʱ򣬻ԸҲƫĮôǷǳţѧһ죬ָձʾưʱ򻻸ˡ
͵϶
ֱҵԶ˳λס
ֻû뵽ҵ󣬻ֱѧ
㣬һѧûʸҵĴ
ӷЦЦôƽ˵ģҲȷʵ˴֮Ǿ齨ţһѧĵһҵкܶҲ
ҪôԶĵطʼƽòӽڣⲿ֪
ӷ㶣ſЦҲǣЩˣﻹ˲֪˵ֻ㣬ǺܶĴѧУʶٵȥ⹲ͬ縺һ³ǵΣеĸ飬ô򵥡
ƽûпڡ
ӷֶͻ֮һ֪⣬֪ǰһĪʼԶĬ֮
ڵҲûҪȥ͡
ӷֵĻû˵꣺ǰ£Ȼϴ˵ʦ֪һֱ¹Լ
ƽü΢£Լ
ǰ
˵⣬ӷֵߴӳתƽϣ
ͻȻס
ڿռС棬ͷԴƹ£۲ϸԿԷ۾ĵӰ
ӷĿƽ沿
ϴμЩ仯
˫üۡ
ƽӣӽڣ
ӷ̻
ֿһƽڷȷʲôʶ˵֪ô£㣬˵ĻֳֳЩûӪĲҲҪˡң㱾ӦúúҽԺϢġ
ƽûϵ
ӷȴ˰֣Ϣһɡ
̸ƽû׷ʡ
ڽ
ӷȻȿ⡣
һΣǿķ羰Ҳûг
עڳϵӳƽӰӡ
ƽαĿ
ӷֵĿбɵĽüβһ·£ϸϸȥͦ٣Ĳá
ô᣿
ͷüͷš
ѵ
˼䣬Դͣˡ
ǰŸӷְȫѵϯݵˣ
ӷ룬̴Ӵ򿪵ĳ³
ԶѾ˴ǰв
ӷȻѸߣڣ̬Ļֱȥ

š
ƽ
ŻıӰ׽
ղӷ˵Ϊݵ¹Լ
ԾԭûһֱѰ䣿
Щǣǿ
Ҳȫûпܡ
Ϊ˭ء
û߽ţһͻȻ
ԭǻųǺôɣϯҪܡ
Ŷ졣
ƽ̧ȥ
ԭǹΡ
齨ţһֺһҵѧҲ
ѧưǰʮĹξ֮һ
ʵǿƢֱˬڲҲһӦԪϼӳ
Ի
ƺҲϰ˹ε̬ȣֻһۣ;ֱȥ
ȴһסȥ·
Ӣ䣬׳ǰһ
˼˻ųʱ䣬㲻Ҫ̤ݰ벽
ٿȭȻ󺮷磺ÿ
ЦһôųҪ֣㲻ɣ
ʮ㣬˫һ˦ײԼš
նʱ㡣
ӷǰΣʲôݵԭ򣬱˲ѵ֪
˿ڣԻڷ粻䣺ϯļ£㲻Ҫ֡
ļ£ҪǺƽ飬ϣ𣡡ӷ㵱겻Ըϻųôߣ˵һ仰𣿿ڣֻƽһۣȴϣ
仰˫ͻȻ죺ų䣡
ԣƽüһۡ
δ뿪
֪ڻ֮һֱԻЩ΢ʣڻԶһ꣬ȴͼкǵĹϵ㲻϶Իʲô
ô£
ӷҲúһΡ
οŨŨͲ⣺ϯųҲѧ׵˵ʱȻ촽һֱŻΪųһ𣡡
վһԣֱıѾ΢΢԰ס
ѵˣδź⿴겻ǻôֵܳǣ³ֲ㣬ųô
仰һ̵ĳֱֱͱĵס
·޾ϸʹţ
죬Թһŷÿ
Ѿӷֶȥֻ˵ųǰûôģںα̬
䣬ָ̧⡣
ﲻӭ㣬뿪  

 48 

εĻ, ӷǰһ
, ͷ, Ҳ˵̫ˣ˵, ǰǳ䣬³ȫݣѵҲǻĴ𣿺οƽԸ, ֳ, ˭, ô˵ֻ
βӷֵĻЩȻ޷ԭ»
ǰȷûһǳؿʯĶα޻ΪƵĶ, ڱ, һֻǻޣԱء
Ҫ롣
ûڱʼ֮ǰ뿪, ƽһֶԸ
ǽ, ˵͵ͬ

ȫ½֪ǿ, ްܼ
ƫƫ, һ졣
뿪⡣
ƽ䡣
, ö˶վƽȴԶ˫ۡ
뵽⣬κݺҧסأ
⸱飬ӷҲ, Щݣۿ΢΢ʪ󣺡һ⣬˭ҲûϵӦҲΪΪ˶ǳѲ뿪⡣˵ƽˣ˭
ʦͻȻĻ˵ˡ
䣬£˫ȭȴ
̶ʱȥ㹻ǿѹĵ׷ӿĽɬʹ
˷ʱ䡣
ֻһͷ
ȥƽ
ÿ
εıҲأ
䣬û°ٿ졣
캮ϯϣ쫷磡
γúã
źǰ̤һ
ײ૚Ҳڷ
ۼ˾Ҫڻǰ֣ӷּڵ£Ƕ𣡡
ϧʱĻ˭Ҳû
ƽûпڡ
ղŹεĻһҲ֮Թ
֮ǰӷ־˵Ϊǰ¹ԼԭΪֻΪûܼʱԮŸе
ڿθǰǿ˻ͷϡ
δ̫
ƽǡ
Ȼûз˵
ζⶼѾٹ̣Ҳ֪Ԫ϶̬ȣȴԸﵱ潽ͷ
ƽŻıӰ
˵Լô룿
棬죡Դ
Ȱ˵ЧӷҪȥܣͿվԭصƽ
͹ܳƽֻ۷סƽֱۣߣ
ƽ˳ǰ
ʯѾûܰȷʵʺ¡
ȻսĽܣʵԶ˺ֳܷܿʤ
ͬ˵óۡ
ʱ߳һ
磬ûųɡ
£ϽͻȻס
λüʲô
ӷҲƽֱۣʱ˿СѦҺڡ
ѦںЦ˵ͷӽڣþò
ǰȷʵǺþòӷֿ̾һ䣬㻹ǵһؽ³ǰɡ
ǡΪؽ³ǣҲؽ⡣
˵ţΧ˿
ƽߵӷԣǡʱӡ
ѦڴߵЦأؽס
ʶǰһ֮Żع񣬿ӷ֣ӽڣλǣ
Ŷԣ˸ܣǼ档
ӷֻ˵һ룬Ϳֻ̧ɢڰյֱ˻ݴţת˸ղŻ˵ʲôæ׷ȥ
ƽѦһۡ
֮ǰƵͶӰͬͺ棬Ѧڲֳôƽ
֮ǰÿμ棬Ѧڵ·ԶһȾԶͦ˳ͷüûаëꡣ
ڣѦϵİɫֹһ壬ûžµϾȻðһ磬۾ﶼѪ˿
߹ƽܸоһֱûƿ
κĶԻ
ľôûȥ
ô˵Ҳųڻ棬˵ȥ
Уҵøȥ
ʱѾߵݴǰ
˻ݣ³ǵҪݵ֮һһش飬Ҫ˸߲ͶƱ
ҲĻ
죬еԲλ鳤ӱ룬ûڵߣվڴǰܿڷڲġ
һˮס
ڣһӰţû
տĴԵµ
վǰȴҲŲһ
ǰǰ
ڿ⸱餵˲䣬·ֹͣ
ǰһεʹٶȲŹǷ֫ٺͬ⵶һ㣬ߡ
ӷѾ׷
Ͻ޴ãȻ˵ˡ
ȴؿڣʦ
ӷӦʲô
ǲô˵ţĿȴõضڣϸૣ
ӷֶʱ絶ʣ
һ
ӷ֣Ŵδй󣺡ʦǲңĶ
ӷֱһᣬ˵𡭡
ƽʱĻ棬ü΢
ѾȻ𣺡˵ƽţĶھҪ֪ʲôط
仰ϵѦں͹ζһۡ
˵˵ʲôųѾȥˣ棬мٲɣ
ͻȻŭ
סڣ˵ƽû
˫Ŀ̧֣ȻһգεĿẮϢת˲סβ
ηӦźʹ̧ͼȴһķܵ˫۲¶Ȼ
ӷȻܵεɱ⣬̧ΪεһУҲ˳׶Զ
ѦûܣվԭصųǼ٣ȥһ֪ģѵҪźƽ棬ɱľɲ𣿡
仰ָݺһ
漴΢˦һԡ
ηϥػ壬ͿȼסʹٿǾɲ
ƽҲŻ
ֻʬ壬ķӦôô
ΪûܼʱԮ⣬ҲûȷϢôܡ
˵л֪Եʣ
Ѧʱ߹ڻǰվųղһҪڵˣôվǰϽȥ
ۿ
Ѧû˶Ц⣺ɡ
˳ָķת
ڣͷĵƹǣҫˮ׵·
𣿡
Ѧǰһϣ˵Ļ⣬ûǵʱûǺ֣
ݺѹŲĺ
ѦڲЫѪܣ˵ƽǰʲô
Բָ׿۽ģӲ
Ϊ㣬ѦϸϾҪʱѡ뿪⡣
ֻһ䡣
յָȻɿ
ѦڵĻ˺һֱĵ׵ĺѪ衣
ն˿ڹŴ̹ǵĥ
ѦڰĶŽĿڴһ仰·Źƻ󣺡㣬һȥǸ
һ˲ɤ
ＴǴڣҲѦǰֳһ˿һǱ
ѦЦһ˺һ
Խתڡ
ƽ˵ǰ߽Ѿš
֪Ը˾˵ʲôĻ״̬ʵںܲԾûͣ٣Ҳ߽ȥ
͸ղŵפ㲻ǰȻͬ
ȻͨʲôźԥֱֱˮףһͣŲᶨ
ƽ֮
ˣ֪ôûи
ʱŲһǰһͣ¡
վˮǰӸƺֻڳ˯ƽãͻȻԭֻƭҡ
ƽܿʶڶ˵ʲô
ȴûн͡
ؿһ۹餣˫ӿڴͳһѷԴǹס°͡
ˮǧٱ顣
ƽһ
Ҿӽ磬ʱƿ˻
飡
ȻȻһǹŻֱ컨壬ȻըһյֵƵơ
ˣ
˫ۣϺ޺ڵ顣
ҵ£޹ء
ƽüʣֻΪһˣ
ԣֻΪһˡ
ƽҺһһܹƽ
ƽü
ֻΪǷݸվסŵ𣬻ȻҪɱ
ֱ˼
ıֲ١
ҡǹٴţסҡ
ƽŶԷƺƽ糣Ĳƽһᵽεζ
Ҹ㣬ƽȷš
͵ۡ
ƽȼǵϣ벻֮Ʈҡ
ʵĶ
ӷѾȽô£Ҹղôǹ
ֻƽشң
ͬƽһΣƽ̾һ
²
                        

 49 

סˡ
ǹֽڰ, ˫Ҳƽ
˿ĵ׷ӿ, ûаֱϡ
ڵļžá
֪ʶѾɢ, ʣղ, ʲô
߽ĴŲѹס
Ļվſ, ̽
ӷûзʲô쳣, ĿڻƽתһȦ, ŲŻô˵ղŵôˣ
ԽԽ࣬ƽû䶯Ĵ㣬ֻ˵⡣
˵, ǰһ, ̧ж»ǹ
˾ӽ, ȡǹ, ȴͻȻסС, Ҳ¡
˵һ, ס
ڲ, Īĵӻ׿ڡ
ʵԤС
£ôһģһˣ
սʽһģһϰһģһ
ƵҲܴǣӵӰӡ
֮ǰ롣
ʱ仹㣬㹻
, ƽʱ˿̣˯ԡ
˭ģ
˭Ǽٵģ
ջߣתһࡣ
ˮڣǵѾû˺Ӱ꼸Ҫѿ
ʹѾľȴΨһĽѶֹ
ϣƽš
ԸԼ
ԽԽȥΡ
ֻҪ¹ƽǲ֪ʲôǶԣʲôǴ

ƽüŻ
סָֻ֣ȴȵ÷̣壬ɲϸ΢ζ
㲡ˣ»֣ﲻ㣬ȥ̸
ԣסһ˲Ų֪ʲôת˲
ҡͷ̸ھ̸
ӷ仰ɻҪ̸ʲô˻֣ˣʲôȥɣ
˵俴ͬʱѦڣƽġ
Ѧ̧ۿ˿컨ըƣźӣô
ǰƽʱѾ΢򴽣ΪʲôϵڣŴ³ǣ
ӷֶҲɻ󣬵ֵô
ѦڣҪס
ӷֵһ
ղŵ£ƽڻκоֹٸеȣֻѦڡ
Ѧڵıȴûʲô仯
ϵ⣬ǽ΢Ц޵Ŀ⡣
ʲôʱ˵ƽǰġ
仰ڻĵͶ¼ġ
˵ʲô
Ѧڻֻ󣬱߱˵ǰûƽûЩһֱϷΪҪһ徲ĵط
䣬һƵųͶӰ
ƽڴϡ
˫ִѩ׵ı棬ɫȻ԰ףóչ˵úܺá
ңнš
ֱǰĲ鼱񻯡ѦЦݣˮףʵûܰȻ
ƽƬ̡
ô˵ֱػΪû
ţоڴϯ
ŭɤΪХѦڣ³ӵд½ϵߣȴϷ
ӷѦڵĻѾµܽһסƽ˳ȥ
ƽûжȻš
ʱѦڶſֱֱߵǰ
ô𣿡лǳǳ˿ڣ벻ںϧҿֻһų򡣡
ˮס
ѹڱŭ
ѦԷ˵ϷΪ֮£ֻܾͶӰƵǰο꣬أǰʧĿЦģĨƽθ𣿡
ףֻһҪ
Ǽ˵ߣֻǲģͶӰĻ涨ƽŴϣ꣬һֱһ𡣡
ʱͣˡ
˵̸ţʧóףֻڸºۼ
Χ
ڣûǷ޳Ļ
ͶӰƽ
ͶӰﻹƵ
ϸȥǳĺ
ǣƽ
޷̣ƽϷĳطȴһ
ꡪ
һ
ꣿ
תĿѰŻǵӰ
ƽӷֲվš
ӷΪԼǰһ
ٿȻ
濴侲쳣ղŶݵıŭ·Ǵ
ǰĲ鼱񻯡ظһѦڵĻʣǰжã
ķӦѦϣ˫һ˲ɢͶӰתŻأ1120š
𰸣ס
ĵףһĲ²⣬Ѧڻ󣬽͡
ǵãʥڣ1120š
֮ǰļ¼ʥʶҴ߿Уֻһͨͨꡣ
ƫƫһ죬Ը䡣
ԭΪɺϣıҲĺƽйء
֮ǰйεĲ룬ҲӲȷϣϴƽӰӵˡ
ٴתǵӰ
Է˫ڶԭģͼüȫǺϡ
ƽӡ
վԭأмӰ˫ȴֻʣƽӰӡ
ɬۡʹѹһ𣬽ĻңΪΨҿϲ
СģΪųǿ
ʣҲµ𣿡
˶û仰ʲô˼
Ѧڿӷ֡
ӷҲüҡͷ
ﻹǰ
̽Ӱ´£ϷŹ˿
ġĹѾ㹻ˡ
ƽȥ̸
ûԥھͻȥ
ӷָˣʶʣҪߣ
˷һһ룺ԡ
꣬ӷ˽ƽˣףʱ򣬻ʲô»ƽ˵Ҫ
ʣ㲻׼ºͺƽһ𣿡
ûлͷ쳣ʦǲ
䣬ʱһһҲͣЪƽȥ
ΧȺĦֺһóһ·
ӷֽ׷˳ȥɻˡ
ֻԭעԶȥıӰԻԸƽȥеʹĲѡ
ȻѾϾȥעˡ
ƽ֮ԴڵͼϢǰԿƵزţȥĶ
ƽߴֱӹ㡣
á
ֻټ򵥲·ѡ񣬻ΣѡĿꡣ
ѡġϵðȫ
ľ˻ݣӡ
ƽ˻һۡ
Сĳƺûϣ˫ֺգ΢űЩ١
ƽ֪ѡصԭ
ؽ³ǰǰıһһƣеȻ˵ı־Խ
ûȥģƽȴȥ
ûаٷְţԻһ顣
пԭƽûоܾ
ӳ̣ڳĬš
߳õڽǰ
Ӷʹ࣬ȷ֮ǰҲ˵ڡ
ֱԴͣ£Ĵ¥ǰ
ƽ򿪳ţ³ʱʣ¥¥£
¥ϰ칫ң¥ᡣ
˵ʱѾ˽ࣺȥİ칫ҡ
ƽҵİ칫ң
ȴ
ֻڶԷǰѹǻ޷йУԡİ칫ҡ
ңͣĿܿƿ
ͣ£ƽһ߽Ĵ¥
͸
ƽᳵ·ߵǰ̧°ͣݡ
֮϶㣬ݺߵһǰͣ¡
ŰϹŻơ
ƽ˿ƣҵİ칫ңˣ
Ļǻˡ
㡪
תȴ΢
ƽ
ǿһʹãȻ˲̵ۿ䡣
ѹֵĲɬҲŨŨű
ԡˡ
ȫȻģߣڸǲסӿĿϲ
ΪĹ⡣

 50 

ƽҲû뵽, ͻ̹, õԷķӦ

ѡ
һ˲, ӯ۽޵ڽ, ·ӳ˿ǰδеǱ
ߣǰ칫ҴţʹԼ򶨣, ҿѰ칫һ
ŵĶһͬͣ¡
ƽǰάһҡҡ׹ķȡ
ƽӡ
ȴ
Բ𡣡
ƽû壺ʲô
͵ת
ƽ, ظԲ𡣡
仰ڶʱ˵ǧ, ȴûõӦ
ƽԷ۽ǣ԰׵ı
ղڻǰ˵Ļü㲻ҪǸ
ҹ˼˾վǰ
ǧοĻӦ
񲻸ȥֱ, ⾿᲻һΡ
ʹƫƫôʵ
Բ, ûмʱϻ⣬˵, ˮۻ, Ҳô뿪, һΣ, Һ, ҵĴ
ƽûд

ƽٶȺܿ죬ڳҲܱ֤ɱִʾģ˵Ǵ, ǲҪȫ𣿡

Ҫ޵ǿͷϡ
ƽûи˵أֻУڶ˵˵ûдûʸָ㡣
䣬ƿ볨ţ߽칫ڡ
ûжһۣסҲڡ
ıӰְ̧˰Ŀڡ
޹Ƶ죬ڶĤ𶯡
ʵƵĻӷҲ˵
ֻдƽ˵ڵһջۡļӰ
ǡָ΢ʵ޹𣿡
ƽŲס
ٻü£𣺡﾿ʲô
ҡͷҲ֪Լ˵ֻǿҺܸˡ
ƽȡֽӹȥɡ
Ļǵһμ
ԭΪôֻ꣬ͻȻԶĹϵеȻȴû뵽θ顣
Ӧĳ档
ҲΪ˱عΣתйҪæ
ûС
ıӰҴۣһֻӰȥ
ƽ̧ɨ칫ڵĳ裬ֺϴ뿪ʱû
ֿ˿
һΣ֪ԭɡ
һ칫Ұˣȷʵûʲôֵÿ
߰ɡ
ĵסլʮҡ
·ϣյӷֵͨѶѡ
Ŀµƽʦĵ绰
ƽ΢
˫һûи
⣬ֻͨͼؼҵ·ϡ
ӷͷԥƬ̣˵ڼ棬̸ʲôʱ򷽱㣿
ὫŴڳڣ仰ƽ
轻Ѿ˼ʣʲô£
ô˵ӷȻΪĿǰ˵ԥһᣬֱ˵һɡӦңȱ𼤶𣿡
ƽһۡ
ƽ°΢̧ʾ
ãҴӦ㡣
ӷ˵һɣ᲻ᣬǺƽ˽ӣ
ڼžһ롣

ӷ侲ʦˡ
̬Ҳӷַ͸ϸϸۣˣںһ㿴ǲǺͺƽе񣿡
ϸƽԲϡ
ӷ˵鱨
Խ˵Խףһǵãƽһѧ֮ǰһֱŶܣǸͣ˵׼һʱ嶯ͺĸС˽
ָսƽ
ͨһˣӷѾȲĻش˵У²ȷҲģ㿴ûлᣬӺƽȡһѪȥȶԡǺƽĺӣҲ⣡
ѯƽ
ƽ΢ס
á
õ϶Ĵ𰸣ӷֺͻ̸䣬ȶŹҶͨ
ʣ㲻ʦ̹ף
ƽ򳵴⣺˶һ׽ܽʬ¡
ʬֱֵ֣Բ𡣡
˵ǲĴ
ȻķӦƽּǰ¡
ΪĪеֺйأǸһ塣
ˣƽѯʻãλ𣿡
̲⣬ѿڶ
ƽû뵽ǶҪô
Ѿ侲ԭ򣺡뷨һױ󵼣һ𣬼ʹ¶ݣҲֻΪȥˡ
󵼣
ƽлλᱻ˭󵼣
۵׺ڳɲǣѦڣ˭
ԣƽϥϵ˵㡣
ȻݣʱѾȥ֮ãֻǱ۵˲䡣
ʱ¾ͺͻһһ棬㻻ݣԣʱŵĶϲҲǿҡ
죬ǻޱ߷Ѧڣʶ
ıۣʵꡣ
ΨһģǻѦڻڱ˴ԡ
˵ζ⣬ǳѦ󵼡ʲô֤ݣ
һ˵ѦĲ²⣬鹦ֱ
ǰÿÿ̸ѦڶɢƽҲû׼
ǣһΣϺǰס
֪һͬҶѦڵĿ칮ζҡͶѦڵ̬ȣ㿴һ
УݺϷһ˵ùȥʦû֪ͨѵ㲻֣
֡
ԭõĴʣǲ̬Ŷԡ
뵽ѦڰƽϷ꣬ѹĵ׵ķŭûƽ
걩ʼʱѦں㶼Դͷڼ¼ڣһƬеһ⣬ȫƫƫֻûһ뿪Ҳûбʣһʲô
ƽûзһ㡣
Ѧڵĸһǿյġ
ΪоԱĸ񶷵ȼҲΪ㡣
ûܵͨˣǹƥҲ벻ʲôܰѾʧȥʶ޳оߡ
ϸ΢仯֪ݣʹѦҲ֪ڻʲôȷҪô
ģйѦڵϣƽһα˵
ǾȷŷŰɡ
Ҳû뵽ᱻ˵ȴɿ
֮󲻾ãԴסլǰͣ¡
¿ռסլ¥֮ûп϶ֻеݺȡ
ƽͻͬ·³˵ס¥㣬һߵǰ
ҹҽԺһҹˡ
һ㡭
ô֪
仰û˵ƽҲûֻͣת򿪷ţȥϢɣϵҡ
ƺֹڵȴǣá
ƽϷš
ڣټæӭǰˣһյƽԺϢһֱڼţõ𣬶ˣ˿ˣҪȥ˯һͳ緹
Ĺȵĺ֢ûƽȷҪϢߡ
սңͽӵĵ绰
棬㡢ǲڼң
˵껹ʿˮƵġ
ƽִαԡ
Ҿּּ֪ȥҲһؼң
Ź֣ƽԭ·أ򿪷š
һ
ûң¿
ƽĿմ
ǽĻ̧ӡ
ֻһۣ͵ֳŵأ
һĳĬ
ƽʣô
ԴˣЪһЪ
ƽֳĬ룬ָ̧ţд
˵͵͵߹
ûйע˵˼׷˵Ҫջȥˡ
Ķ
ͲţиҴӻշӵķ
ƽûϸͣʣڵ³ǵסأ
ƫһ˲ֺܿش𣺡ڲǨ

ȥƭŰɣ
ƽʣڣ
治ɫ޼ҿɹ顣
ȻҪ䣬
ֻЪһЪ㲻ùҡ 

 51 

ѾĶվԭ, Ҳ, Ҳǡ
˿, ٿƽ
ѾãȻ
ǻ
òʲô˼ٰİɣ

ƽ̬öͷһ, æ͵ȥķӦ
ȻֻһӰ
˶࣬ûпշ䡣ƽʱԻ͡

˽ĶϽ˵, һշ, ȥʰ
Ϊæſ, 涼һЩӻƽ˼ȻҪϢ
ȻҵųԵһϾܺã
һŶҲ̷Ķ
Ը, ڻǰ, ˵ʲô۵棬һֶûж˵, ֻ׼ʱɻ
ƴĶ, ˱, ŵ鷳
Ѿ߳, Իͷ, 㶵ģ
תƽ
ƽڣ˯һ䣬ȥæԼ°ɣرд
Щԥ⡭̫ðɣ
õųȻͱ˼һ䣬»һ鲻, 񲻻ǡ
˶ԴûԿһۣʣﲻã

ǳ˳飬Цûʲôãúþͺá
״ƽ˽һ䣺ųڵһѧѵĽ̹٣ڼ䣬Һһֱסһġ
ٻȻ
ҲܿڻǶƵƽͻսţȥҽԺʱ򣬻ڲ￴̽ƽĻ
˵ĹϵӦúܺãòġ
úãͨһ㣬˵ǶȥϢʲô£Ҿ棬ʱԸ
һ仰ҪǶԻ˵ġ
Ŀ˻صң˿
ƽѾϷš
ǻ֪ҵݣԻ˵עһЩҪǰֵ̫֡
ɫջߣ֪
ƽϴŵģͬǴսûüµ·ʣϴ𣿡
ʲô˵꣬Ϳƽ⿪ٿսáȰɡ
á
ûʲôֵƴǣĻشƽתȥڵ䱸ԡҡ
ѾûлȻɾࡣ
ΪڼңԡĶµģӦ֪ԺԡԻһ׸ɾ˯¡
ãƺ˼ñ˲·ëó
ϴƽ˯´ţǽģķ羰
ȥɡ
Żع
ƽ룬ֱĺ󱳷·סˣƬ̺Żأá
ȵȡƽ³ȡһ˯£ģϴġ䣬ʲôԡˣ⣬԰һµġ
ӹ˯£˵תԡңҲ⡣
򶨡
Ӱݡ
ʲô쳣
ƽҲûȥעû쳣ڴͷȷӴͷ˱¡
͸֧ƣжʱϯܿ硣
ûãԡҵˮͣ¡
˯º󣬻ˮʵľǰסš
ڣģӰӾվһŴţת˳ȥ

ǰ˶١
ŴѾ˯ŵƽ򴽣ǰ
ĳѶԷûп̫
ߵʱĿϸϸġƽãߵɳǰ¡
룬Ӧκ⡣
ֱСʱɳ֣ȭ򦣬̶̵һӡ
ƽѹʱ򣬵һۿľڴߵӰ
΢ü
Ȼѡ
͵ֱƽʲô£
ƽɤųѵɳƣô˯
ļŷɣûϵһ
ƽһóһλƿӣ˯һ
飡

ݺһײ
ڴصĶӲСġ
ƽ
ô»Ҫҽ𣿡
סӵֽ˽
߱ӣ¡
ůġƽ£˲佫
˵ů⣬Ҳ˲仯ΪֲɬգϮͷ
ջص֣÷
ƽ˿̵顣
ĺףƽ˵ݲĴҵҲ޹أ㲻޷µȥͷԼԼôۡ
ûпڡ
ˣҲϣԷ¹ȥ
ƽȻ˿Ļº˫˯ɡ
ϵĺ೤Ỻ
СġתעƽĲ
ʧãβŵõϣ
ƽˣܷŵ¹ȥҲ򵥵ؼ
ڣֻǲٷһͬĴ
ƽԭ
ָôԭԼ
̧֣̽ԥãƽֱԡ
Ѿ
ܸܵƽϵ¶ȣ㹻ˡ
ź˫ۡ
ƽǰԭΪһ˼
µ̫ůˣۣѾ˯
֪ʱȥãֻʾ
ְ̧˰ȥʱ䡣
ȻѾʮ߷֡
˯߸Сʱ
ǲжãûجθŵ°˯ôá
ǡΪƽ
뵽⣬عԿȥ
Կһˡ
һ⵹š
ѹ»ң̽¶ȡ
ģ
͵ֱƽ
޴Ŀֻ˲佫֡
ƽ
´첽䡣
ڵġ
Ҳһˡ
ĺȻ١
ѹͼĪмŨŨӿŲſڡ
ֻ̧ŰʱͻȻڴˡ
ƽ貵ƹ߽
վźĻˣȥϴˢ׼Է
ֱֱûӦ

Ŀ־°š
ж»˵ͷá
ƽע⵽ŽţЬڴߡ
Ҫȥƺе
ţ
ƽԣȻѾˣ񲢲ҪҲû̫⡣
ֻǻصʱڲ;ߵĶʮֽš
棬ųˣ
š
䷹ӢʱЦˣųڣ
ǰһʳģΪʲôĻʳôʢ
û˴
ٱȶţ棬˵ųԵùĲ𣿡
Եùߡ
ٻǽţҪҪüűóײ
ģƢûô
Ӣ⣺
ϣʾл˵
Ƣǲǿֲ
仰˵ǲ˵ģֻҷ롣
ҲԲƽĻֻһһٰʳͽȻٶȳ˳
ϴҳߵѾˡ
ƽ֣ߡ
ϵ˯£Ķٶһۣûҳ
ӢһҲܽȥ٣̣вûǶȥ¡
ٲ˲֣һҷСʢɡ
ϣҰ
ǰƽʻϢô
ʵܺá
ʱˣƽʾٿ꣺ȳԷɡ
á
һٷԵ쵼ᣬͷβ
Ӣձ̻ʣڶ涼ʹ
ӵĲӰ
öʮΪǡ
ңûֳʲô䣬һֱרò͡
ƽζԣ

ƽȻŶ˵
Ȼоζǲɣְɣ  

 52 

ƽĻ, ǰŵѾˡ
ɣ
֣
ְ
ʲôˣʲôɵ𣿣
ƽ, ŵͣ, ˻, ǾΪǮôд
ɻûǽʾ֭ʲôȵĻص
ȱ٣
ƽ˿
һѧĽͻءŷĵĶĽѾˣǮһ, һڲʽ, ô
ƽԺлϵͳǧ, ˡ
ľս
ǿǧ򰡣
ˣ
ɲ˰ɣ
ƽһԵĶѾȲ⣬ֻŻ̾վϹǸ
Ȼֻƽһ, ͵ҳ, 򵥲£תһǮȥ
һ졣
Ǯ˵
Ϣѡ
ѡڹ׵, Ϣк~
ƽ
ɷн£ҺܿҲǱ, ҶһЩɷݡ
ƽֻǮ, 5Ĺɷ, ٶˡ
ǰһ, 촽
кܶƯǲ֪
û͸ִĶߡ
ô
ƽ˵ûҵʱ˵
ʣʲôʱҵ
ƽת򶡺
æأˣʵѾʰòˣֻʣһЩװϵĶûŪ, ͿҵżڱǰٹӦþͿˣ
ԣƽ˿ʱ䣬Կףǹȥתת
˵ ڲ
࣬ڱףڲо²Ʒ
ƽԻʱЩţ˶࣬һ£ȥĳ͵
˴ĵͬ⣺ã
ź
ǰ˽нԶòʣ˲֮ʲô
һһ
ƽûжδ̫ϸĹ滮
Ͼ֮ǰǸûܵͨˣսһԴľͺͷ졣
ڷԭҲܣҪǼʯΪʲͷţʱգػ۷岻⡣
³ǶӰɡ
ͻȻѾһΣ˭ʸƽ
ƽÿɷ񣺡ءʲô㣿
䣬ǰ
ϳ󣬻򴽣ƽʦ
ƽЩ⣺Ҫˣ
ǴߣԲҵʱġ
˵ǰδһֵܣչúܺãΪҵԭһֱϻЩڲҲԹԡ룬ûڣϡ
ƽûпڡ
Ȼ˵仰Ѿ˾
¹ųıԼ˼˺ĶǼ仰˵ġ
ο޳
˿ûô׷ˡ
Թһƽʣ֮أ
̧ƽӣЦƵģûһ𿪲
ƽ²뷨Ҳûа仰ϣӦһ䡣
áǾ͸ҿɡ
ĵȻ
һ䣬ƽԺϵͳڷˡ
Ұ㲻Ҫ
ǮˣϽȨҽũ̳ǵĵȼ
仰ȥ˲֪ٱ飬˵ʱѾί
ˣм̳ǣʵݵ̳ǣ̳ǣ¥˽һ¡
ھʱԺԵø롣
Ϊ죬ƽȨɡ
ϵͳϲ
㻹ǰҵģҲ˵ʮ߱ˣ
У
ͣ
ϵͳ˶ϡ

֮󣬽ϵͳ˳ֻƽһܿİ͸塣
ƽע⵽ʱм̳ĵѡѾ
ʱĳĬóڵԵЩѹ֡
Ѿο򳵴⣬ʣʲô
ƽһۣ룺ҵѾ֪һڣҰһҲ㡣
ϥϵֻսʲôܣ
ƽ֣ĳϡ
ٿؼ٣ǣʲô˼
á
ƽעϵͳ̳УûзֵԽӲļֻһСʳΡ
һ룬ƽġ
һƾճ֣ԭǷǳĻ档
ɿ˲ġ
ʶƽ˵ܾα֮ŷӦܾʣѧϰħݣ
ƽιޣǰ˻Σûʲô
ŽӹҪϸϣͷƽƾðһСޡ
һβҪֱ棬һ۾Ϳװʲô

ԡƽС


͡
ʳ͡

ǣֱǰеĵζƷ
ϰƽƾȡƿƿ޹ޡ
ܲϻ
ƽЩ
ƽָ̧ʾȲҪ
ںѾ۵ʱ·ԴԴϴƽĹ䣬Բ
һ£ƽŵѹ֮һûҪĽ͵̫һʸռ䣬װЩ
ԣɫ΢ݡ
һʱִȫģʽжһźš
˼㣿
ͷԴԶ
üͷ΢ûСоԺ˷ܣǲŹġ
˵һ䣬ֲ䣬̫Сˣ£㲻Ӧøκˡ
ƽԭҲûֻ֪Ǹ⣺Ϊȷţ֪ܵˣҡ
ܣϻбӵƽľΡ
ƫߣƺֻһʣܣ˭֪
Զߣǰ
һ
˼΢ң˸ôӦ
ֻйϲļ䳱ˮ㸡֡
ʱ΢΢һΡ
Դϵͳְѡ
·188ţˡ
ƽ򿪳ţһۿȺڲǰһӰ
һϹ
ų롣
ǾнվţԻĴݹٱʾԵľͷĵĲڡ
ƽǰѰһһȥ
ϵĵϣ۷Ź⣬һæƽ
ֻʵĻߣǻ˻ȥ
ЩʵԴ˾ܺ棬ȴӲʡ
浽ʽʳģȫƽһ˰죬Ƕ֪أҲٸʵ׵Ը񣬾ͺ֮ǰһĬĬذѶᵽ˳
Ϊʦ֪Щר̵ȫ˽ȥ
Ȼ˲׳ݸƽ
ƽ˿


̿
ˮ

ƽ壺ǲף
ȫϯ
ҲʮΪ飺ǵȫիܲ˰ɣʵ̫Ҳ̣ѽ
ƽ˵ȫիֻͷǱҪ̫ˣҲϲ
ֹ
ƽֵУĿǰе㾡Բˡ
۾áԲˣ
̫ݳ˰ɣ
ƽĲ׷£ԡҸ˵ĵϣôҶڣȥһζ
ϰƴ֣ʦȻʮ㡣
Ӧһ䣬Ťͷͽ˳
϶룬ֹܿ죬һ˿
ӢûĲˡ
һÿӡ
һˮ
Ķ룬ֻпӣΪûйԲ˻ڣ䵹ֻҵһ˫
ϴó󣬼Ӣ⣬Сһ·ݵƽǰ磬ȳԡ
ƽ˳ԴӹҪǰͱһ֡
Ѿƽֱ̾ѣųôȳ
ûлתˣϵͳܽ
ƽǰѿӵݸǹɡ
ûƴǡ
ʳȤ󣬳һھҪꡣ
ֻǿԵƽ΢٣ּһΣݵԷǰ
ƽû̫ࡣ
ȴѾܹˡ
ΪƽԻ̫⣬Ѿ̼ÿѪˡ
ÿ꣬ŶǶ¡
λһһģأ  

 53 

Թ˺, һĪġĳĬ
ƽ൱һη˻ͷϡ
ϾжĻų, Ķǳ
ζ, úúͿҵ
ظ֤ϣ
ӢԲ, Ҳӣ׶۽Ұɣˮƽòˡ
Щϸϵ⣬ƽûжʡ
۵Ȼ, ͻһǰһߵǰ
ҵֵģϵͳճ, ɫ, ̫ѾҪɽ
Ϧ;ڽ£ϼ⡣
ƽƺһůɫĲʶǰһ, 硣
ܹٴӴ, ǰѾһˡ
Ѧؽ, ʲô뷨
, ٿת, ǰ, ƽһȥһ, ̽̽ʦĿڷ硣
ƽһۣʦδ֪顣
Ҫԡ
˵⣬ǰ̤һܿƽߣˣҪȡѪ, ý
ȡѪ
ƽżӷ˵Ҫڵ͹ȥӼ
²޻̸֮֮Ҳûϣû뵽š
ģҲ˽⣬ʦ鲻ʲô
ӷֵȻ鲻ʲô
ƽҪڣ˵
㣬û˽Ӱɣ
ƽȻûС
ƽȴŲɡ
£ָȻɿ
Ժڲǰ̸һ󣬻ûסĶί˼ȥƽǻҪһͻȻȥ
㱨ϣһСŻȥ
ƽʻǴסƵ꣬ǻ
ɣȥǱߡһ䣬ȡѪҪһˡ
⻰˵
˵Ѿ˻ĳǰ˾ϳԭ·ء

ڶ졣
𴲺󣬳Թͣ״СۣǰһƽĲһ𣿡
š
ѾϢһ죬ľĺ֢ûô򵥾ˡ
ȥȴͶѵڼ׶ǡ
ƽֻ֣öԳš
ڳǰѾӷͨ绰
ƽߣҲ˷̫ʱ䡣
˵طӷڰ칫š
ƵйעϷ޳ս˱Ÿοɲֹۡ
ţӷüͷͣˡ
Ķŵǰİ칫ϡ
ɫճҺСϸƿڻεӷһ۾ϳѪ
š
ӷ̰СĴ
˵ҲϣȷĸϢ꾡ƽ˽ӡ
ԣӷֶһ١
̾˿ұȶһ°ɡҲţкѪԵϵˣôͬ㡣
ĬԶԡ
ӷպѪ󣬿վԭأЩ⣺ô
߳ɤԵøƽһһҪʦ
ӷֵһʱı仯ϵֲһʲô£
ʮָɴࣺҴ˳
ų
˳͵Ⱥס
仰˲䣬ӷֵľͳȵס
ǡߡһ¡
֪ͨǺ
Լѧ˽ġ
һ£ûܽȰء
һ統ӵһѧѧ
Ҳһ꣬δһֻΪѰһ˿ãϣ
ı⡣
ɵѦڻص³ǵʱ򣬴صˮףһΨһһ׶ˡ

ӷֻӰ칫վΪʲôҪô
ʦ֪ôɡ
ӷԶԡ
ȷ֪
ŵڻƽ䣬ǰʹжųְλ
һ㣬Ҳʱ˵ġ
ѦڴƽˮףٴҪ
ȴѾûеڶɰ¡
ãӷֲ˵ûͺƽѪˣ˭ʸų
ƽѪǰͷֱ
ȥԻԣͺ׸졣
ӷֵ⣬ûȥ룬ûлش
ʦѾˡ
ӷ㶡
޷仰
Ĺףϯ޷ġ
ҲˣΪǰ;Ӧþʹֹ
οʧȥֹʧֱʧ
ͬģҲ֪
޵ĶԿÿζǼΣյս
ִеģ޷ɵĸ߷ÿһλսԡѪսջĳһ˸߹һ˵ĳźԶѹĵ׵ĵġ
ûʸҪƴ
ӷֻƣʣľˣ
ǡ
˵һڵ³ǣᾭ㡣
ӷֿЦ˵ˣǿɲô˵
Ҳں
仰˵ܹڿɻʱ
ˣӷҲ˻뷨£㻹ûµĻͻȥɣһ
£ʦѦ̸νؽ⣬ʲôĿģ
˵ƽ˵Ѧڣ̫ӷּЩ̫ϰߡ
ףΪʲôȷƽѶȶ
Ȼ£ֻش˵Ѧڵôؽ⣬ֻΪɡ˵⣬˿ɫż˵Ѻƽ⣬Ҷ

ӷֲҴ̼˵˵Ϸ꣬оǻˣؽ⣬Щ˾óǰǾѾˣ˲ٵæ
Ѧڵоûһ˿Ȥؽ⣬ƽĸ
䣬תߡ
ȻʱƵͻȻӴע⡣
ڲ岥һҪţһǰϷٴαڳ֪ʿصϢƣ޳кֻǼޣ
Ųס
ͶӰ
Բרҵ豸ĳĻҵĶţΧ־ļһֻӴĻڻ׵Ĺŭ
Ƶл
һֻͱɴţжݣɭޱȷ豸˵ľ£ҧһ̨еĺϽף
ɫ԰ףֻ޵ǰ·ǾȻԷ£רƲ⣬ǽڻ͡
⣬΢תӷ֡
ӷҲ

ֻ˵֡
ΪŻҲףĿǰ½Կ޵޼ǰոջɱһֻĻ֮һ
ͬʱֻޣʱǰ֧Ԯº롣
ɿڡ
û̴Ӧ֧Ԯӳ֮ǰһ𸴡
Ѿ֮ϲˡ
ӷֿнԶ̾˿
ûȥӷֵķӦ뿪ˣƽס
Ϊš
Ѿദһ죬ԻȻЩţѾ΢һЩ
ʣأ
Ϸ޳ıƽ
ֻмͻߵý֪ʣʹ˵ղһˣһȥˡ
û⣬ʣ˭
Ҽǵǽٻһ룬ŶԣѦʿ
Ѧڣ
ɫ΢䣺ȥˣ
ǿߵѹת˲ţҲ㹻ٵսľңҲ֪
Ȼδ䡣
ǰֻʣԶȥͦαӰ

 54 

ƽڵ³סլһͨڡ
, Ѧڡ
Ѧ, ϴʱ״ֲ̬һ
ƺ˾, ָֻƽǸעѦʿ
ȥ, ְ
ѦŪߡ
ڴײϸƽȻô˵Щð, , ĺһλȥĺѡ
λ˭, ֪
ƽûнӹ⡣
״ѦЦЦ
üҲͣԲҲ㲻, ֻǡʱ, ֪ƽ, ʲôܹϵ𣿡䲹, Ȼ, 㲻شҾǿ
, ӷֵĻͬ
Ѿйһξ, ѦڵĻƽ̫⡣
ûС
Ѧڵˮ΢΢ͣ٣ֶҲԣҺͿˡ
ƽֽ̧ӹĲ豭ѦʿֻΪЩ
ѦڵʱǸ, ƺΪ˽´ƽе
㽻ѡ
˵ţ̧ƽ˵ڣһ³ǣκҪҡ
ĿǰоԺǸ߲֮һ仰ĺҲС
ͨ˵õоԺĵط̫ˡ
ѦڻҲʶһ㣬ֵӽѾˣҪĻоԺйSϵл׵
SϵУȥʦΪףǴ½Թ򵽵ûͺš
͵SϵУʸ̡
Ѧô׾ͳһȻ㡣
ƽûڣֻȻʾ
ǻ
Ѧʮʿʾһ̣Ͷƽͷʾ⣺ȥһϴּ䡣
ƽ֮ͽ˵绰
Ϊ㼰ʱнԳ˳ʣ
ƽʱע⵽֣ϸ󡣡
ڵͼλϹȥ
ûҪ
бҪ첽סլ⣬ѦһҲġ
ƽ֪Ѧʱû侲
Ųͣ
Ȼƽ˼
ѦڵͻȻ̡֣
ԽʱԽƽߡ
Ȼǻ
֪ʲôõ
͸Ͳʵƽߡ
һȥ
ָսſڵ㡣
ò
ƽҲû̫⣺㡣
ʱϴּڴˮ
ƽһ䣬Ҷͨ
ѦڳҲûἰͨ绰ֻղŵĻ⣺棬㲻üŸҴ𸴣ʲôʱҪԣһᾡ㰲š
ƽһۡ
ѦǺ˵ӵһ̨ܻףҪջöࡣ
⣬ҲѦƲ͸
ֻϧǰ׹٣ûٲĻᡣ
лл
ѦںЦÿ
ĺƽһʣƲȥͷ̸֮̽һֱܺá
ʱٹȥʮӣƳʱ䣬šؾ̾һ䣺ԭʱôѾСʱˡ
ԣСʱİȷһݳ޵¡
Ǹôá
ѦڴЦѵõ࣬ҵĴ̫ûкͱĵôģͰʲôˡ
ƽѦڣʵҲлʡ
磬Ѧôһʧȥʶӳ޳
ΪʲôһϷΪˣ
Ļɲȫûе
³ݣҲĹϡ
䱬Ҵ޼ǵºܹǳһʹȻ
ǵʵҲȷƽӹ
ϹⳡıУûκιѦڵϢ
Ҳ˵ûκ͸¶Ҵľ
ΪʲôҪ
ƽѦڶӡ
䣬һƬ׵ĺڡ
㾿ʲô
Ѧڴ߻΢
ûϵ
ƽȴջߣ߰ɡ
ѦڵĿѿڶȵȣ
ƽѦʿ
Ѧ
εЦЦҼǴһ¡ûˡ
ƽû˵ʲô
ѦڿٴתıӰſڣЦ
ܿ죬Ҳְ̧վٲƽ
˲絽ſڡ
Ѧڶƽ˵ȥ
ء
ƽѾĳˡ
ˣ
Ѧǰ˿ûͣ٣ʶĶƽʱź˵ǺðɣǾ֡
ټ
ѦںЦͷڴ´ټ
䣬ٶת뿪
ӰнԶתսǵͬʱһԴ˳š
ӳƽ
ƺѡ
ߵƽǰȲûվѾڵôôã

ǲѡ
Ƿǳѡ
ſڻᣬĵôͶ𣿡
һΣƽش˵ʲôʹʲôûС
˵⣬ͻȻһ͡
ƽжҪʣͻȻͣ£̶תǷһ䣺ô
üس˵
ƽſڵѦڸʲôװá
²ǳվסš
Ȼʱʲôġ
Ҳȷص֮󣬻ȫϵͳԴԭ·أżƽʣô˵
ƽҺѦûʲôʦһΪйϵ
ûʲôţȷû̽û¶ʲôţûϳ㣿
ƽһʻش⣺ûС
ҲѦڵйģֺܿ챻ƽ
̸Եÿ⣬ѦڵѪ
ûƽ
֪ܲƽһҲܲ
ֻǲţѦͻȻԼƽȥ᲻κĿġ
ܡ
Ѧμûֳκ쳣ѵֻαװ
˵֮ǰ˵ı֣Ѧڷʲô
ڵʲô
ٿ̧
ƽһֱۣܿߣѦó䣬ֻǵģ֮Ĺϵ
仰޵
ƽûа仰˵ڡ
УֻǼ棬ͻ΢ߵĽһЩȴ̸ֵ˷ܹϵ
Ѧڣֻǵڶ档
Ҫ־룬תǻûв嵱ϸڣ֪ʲô㻹ܱ¶
һ㣬ƽҲҪѣš
Ļش𣬻򴽣˵ĻѹĵףƬ̺ת˵Һʦ̸ˡ˳û
ʦӦòû

ûⷽԾֻ˵Ϸ޳ֻޡ
˵仰ƽѾ˼ȥ
ԡ˵Ҳʦ˻ϲôΪѡ
뿪Ʊػӷ⵽߲Χ
֮ǰôһ鷳ȷʵӷּ᲻ѹ
ֻǣûɵģƽ뵽֮ǰڵһѧѵһֻޡ
ҪͬʱӦֻѹȻ
ҪҰæ𣿡
ȴûлش
ԭڴ˸ϻʱƽһȥϷ
սΣķּӣȲϵ³֮һƽ
ڡ
ֱ
ϥָֽһ˿̵ľ
ص³ǵѦڣѹͷӰ
ƽѦΣĲһҲһжѦ
ǰ»ûе
ƽ꣬Ҳûκν͡
Ѧڸһߣƽߡ
ƽ붾ԶһЩԶһЩԶҪźá
ʲôʸҪƽô

̧ͷ
ºݺѹŵģǻӿĿɬ飬Ʋס¶
ðա
Ҳеðյĺ
ûʸҲùİ·
롣
˿̵ദƽջء

 55 

һ, ƽΪԥ, û, ֱ˰塣
ֻ, ʵԻѹ̫
֮ǰѵ⣬ǴȥϷһ
ԴǶֵ޳, Ѵ֮ͻʥǵķ, ɳ൱һǿסƬߡ
Ŷ, Ϸ춯
ڤڤ֮УƽΪ¹ʣй
ιȥҲͽ۲޵Ķ
޸ݵĲ, û
߰ɡ
˶, 
á

ǰ
¼㳡
Ż׵ĴԴжڳڴ
ѹѹȺۼںվ˱ͦ, ϯ̨
תʵĻеͷϷɹ
µڳӡ
뵽ԵֻǼ, ֱǰĹ, ͷѹһʯ
ӷվϯ̨, üͷ, ڷȥٳû´
̨˽֪ڵʲô
ɻţһ̲סǰһҪѯʣϯ, ǡ
û˵꣬ڴͻȻԴĶ
ƣ̨ϤС
ʱԷϽֵľϲ
ǻų
ųˣ
ѹֵĽź͵Ϊĵɢһ롣
֪Ǵ½пǼԿǿ֮һ
ңûܳҡ
ĵԼ֧Ԯ˵һǿ衣
ӷҲ˿
Դ̨ͣǰӭǰųŴ򿪡
ȻȴԴˣȴǻ
ƽӰӳ
ͦΣȳͨİºڿ㣬Ӱע⡣
ԭվתӢĳҲƿߡ
ֻü˫̶Ƶ䣬ֺܼӡ
ΧǲɫŻѯʡ
˭ôŻĳ
Ҳʶе졭
ӷһ˳棿
ʱ
ԭǼ棬ֲûͻһ
Ҿ˵е죬ϿƵ˵ôҲˣ
԰ôⱾ˺Ƶﳤе㲻һˣ
˼Ҳʮַ꣬£С֣
˵ۣӷĵʵҲЩп
ǰˣ³ǵʱͼʱ仹ûйȥãı仯ҲȷʵԿóġ
ٳˣ߶˲١
Ҳǣʮ꣬ڷء
ʱƽ֮³
˲վţѾֲ߰
ӷֿǣǰһ㱣Ȼ񿴵˵
ӰӸֳۿᣬתƻ⣺ĳ˻㱣ܣôһˡ
ƽ
ƽ΢һס
ǵʦһ֧ԮϷս
ʲô
̾ȳ
ӷҲһ˲ȴٸн
ƽʵѾ˽⣬ͻڣϷͻȻֻޣǲ̫ˡ
ֻǣƽͻôСľʵ˾ϲᡣ
ɳڴֿǣ˴Ӧѡ
뵽⣬ӷֿƽ˵ӣ˺ڣлѡ񣡡
˷׷׸͡
ǰлΪⳡսŬ
ϣƽͻͬնɱǼƵĵڷǡ
ȽʢĻѶԡ桱ͨ˸Ȥ¹ٲȻһҫǣļ仺޹±ѧľٶ˹
˵֪ȣܺͻ
һѧΪһưϯλڸжѵʱһУյѹԵĺ
ȴڲƽûѧһ¡
죬Ϊ֯ѧŶǰϷ֧ԮһѧУ辴Ҳվϯ̨ǰС
ûϯӷֵķֻվһࡣ
ƽʱ۾𣬲źۼڣӷֻǰһƽע⡣
ûһѧҲһֱͬڣ
֪ƽͬѧһȥϷսһҪСΪϰ
辴Уҵƽʱ޿̶ҪһѧΪϰΪ
ô˵һѧϾҲĸУ
ƽûеӣлл
辴û뵽õӦϵЦݲɸϡ
λһܱͷĵĽǶȣ޲ϵÿһӶŶƽ֧֡
ô˵ǶллŶԡˣʲôҪǧҪһҪңϲǰߣΪģһȫȥ
ֱͶӰһĻʵ
Ǹжˡ
Լѧ֧֣治ǵһѧ
˼ҵѧУԶôء
ھͷǰƽвж֪
ȷ仰ѣ뵽һ¡
辴ȻһĪȴϤ⡣
꣬ؽƽһѧ죬ЩЩзĴ۵ʱһ
ȵȡ
꿼֮ƺҲôһѧ
辴û꣬ƽѾ
ɣһ£ҪУæ
辴Ƥһ׼ʲô£ͼȡ󣬡ᣡ
ƽ˵Ҫһ׾ʯ
辴˿ʯû⣬Ҫǵģ
ǹܹ
ǣҲһЩһ׳ڻ¡
ǡ
辴
ϣһѺõġġͰӶڳ鴤š
ƽ˵ĻԻϵȡ
һѧĿ棬˽⡣
óһǾʯȻۣò
辴ǵڶΪһѧ׼ȻҪȼ۵Ľ
ϲ⡣
辴ĶڵѪͬѧ̫ܲ˽ǾʯļֵһѧĿҲŰ
ƽһۡ
ﵢ̫ã֧Ԯʱ辴ƴǣҲ׷ֻѵһţĿžʯ͡
辴ǰһڡ
ѵһԭģǻľϵʯֻޱƽնɱͳ
ɵֱͷ棬ʵп˵
⡪
ƽѾתһԣӹԱķϡ
ӷֿۺЦ⡣
֪ôƽ͸Ỻӣû׹˰һ̨ӦûǳСʱ͵
£ֺͻһֵ̧ۣ˵㻰Ͳ˵
ɡϷս̲ݻˡ
ϯģһʹ
϶Ϊһĺڳص
ӷֶԹԱ˵ͷ
ϯ̨Ͻ·֡
һ̣ڴŻ
ĺȲ˽
ӭɰôԴͻ׵ĺϽǣҲ졣
Ա복Ҳͬʱſӿȥ
ãֱоԮԱſ뿪Ų¡
ƽͻʱѾɹԱ죬һԴԣŻĻף
ɵǣűԴҲŹεĻ׸ֵ
ϳ֮ǰھѾŹΣԱ
æų
ֻţڻʱһ
һʱΪΡ
͹εԲͬûƣºֻʱʱԵƽＸ䡣
ҪԸùʹޡ
һ·ϣŵζ
εȴһֱƽͻϡ
š
Ա࿴˿һһѾܶĿռóȥֻܲҪע⵽ǵĴڡ
ӲζĵĳĬӡ
ֱԴʻ⡣
ڶԻĴڸе̡
ɿ۵֣ݺȭջģҾˣ㵽ʲô˼
䣬ָƽƣųûأСʲôڣ
ת
СҲΣѵûԼ
ţ                        

 56 

ֻƽͻһ
ͻ仰, ˭ó˭
, ѹŭҾ֪, ʴ, װģС˿Ϊһ², ô, ˭
, ƽüͷ΢µʲô
βϿ·һ۶ǶԼ۾裬ֻߵҪĻųˣ㵱
ˡ
ٿ, ˹εĻ
, Ϣת˲š
ֻкϽϸϸѵԭأûʧ
ڽԱսս, Ψܵ, , Ҫһȡůο塣
Ȼη, ȴԼ汾ʮֲϲ, ҲΪֻԻ˵ųȻųǰѾֵϣԺҲҪ̬ųȥӪԼ
ƽ˵, Ӳ⣬ҲĽͣҵ£ӳ»ûʸʡ
ϴεĳĬͬ
ƽԣϵı˶óһǰ㡣
㡪
αҧʼ壬ֱҪ
䣺ֻǼʼ壬Ρ
˫ȭ÷㡢㣡
ƽһԣŹεѸǺ졣
֪㹮ٶ೤죬Ҳ˵
ڳ̲ס֣תƻ֮ǰ˼ӳѦʿһλһϷ𣿡
ͷϣƽǻ𲻴һ˭Ҫ˵
䣬תƽŭĿӣСˣԷ˫һ̣Ȼһ
ƽû뵽ķӦ󣺡Ȼӳ̸
Ѧ֮󵽵ġ
αߣ˵֮ǰһֱڶԴݣͺû档
̬ȺȻת䣬⡣
Ҳͻ
ڽԱ࿴˿
һ˻׳ŵӲ廰ӳ֮ǰҲȥ˶ʥǣô磿
εһۣ˭Ҫ磡
Դûٿ
˭ƵģԶػţԶڶųڣƣҲҪ̳ųػ־Ϸ˷ټҲҿɲĳЩˣΪһ˽ÿֵܶܡ
Ȩû
ƽ𣿳ˮ
Σ
ݺȭͷͷֱð
ʡ
ƽΣô˵ѦʿҲûϵ
ڲ˵
˱޳ĹӳŵòᣬϽһ
δ˿̵ȷܲܳ塣
˵һ仰ͷתƽ
Ȼӵ˲䣬ϵŭƬ̵Ľͣ
㡭
Ϊԭ򣬷ĵ񣬿ɲ֪ΪʲôԷܸһԺӵϤо
ǿҵĸо״ɢеƫ
ڲԾ䣬һٴ˵Դݣص֮ҵһѦڵϢ
ԣƽͻһۡ
Ѧڲɹΰæ⳷룬ôӹεӦҲʲʲô
ʱηһ䣺Щʲô
ƽתۿΪ֪Ѧʿʲôȳƽ
ƽ֣΢ݡ
ƽ־裺ʲôϵ
ƽ˵ЩʵĽܾˡ
һ㶡
Ľ仰ɢĽƽ
ƽףԡ
ڻϳ֮󣬹εϵһ¶һ˿ЦģƳ˻һָۣ۹⡣
ȷ˽ƽ֪Ĵ𰸣ѦƽʱæҺĴ࣬Ҳû¡ֻҪ֪ų͹ˡ
Ȼڹ
ԸֱˬҲѦڹ¹ѦڵΣҲȥ뵽֮ʲôı
˿̼˵ԵɣҲţ෴ķС
ƽû׷ʣԭˡ
Ի󣬳ְ
ΪŸϷ֧Ԯһ·ûͣЪ
Сʱƽյ˽һ̨ס
ӷֶǳ󷽡
˿ʣļ̨SͺŻ֮һԽսΪʮ
ǩջ׵ͬʱƽҲյ˵һѧͰ
Ŀžʯ
ۣ¹Ϸ޳辴ǰѵһѧѹ׵Ǿʯ˳
ƽ򿪿һۡ
һľϵϵˮϵš
ȡһö
Ŷ΢΢ֵĻϵʯƽȷã
ƽѶսĿڴģпǡ
ȴȻһκ쳣Ҫðգ̻
֪
ڶ棬ءؿһ
˵⳵ʲôζŹֶĵģ¡
ۿľʯҲݸƽϵսҪһ죬˯һ
һ
ƽһ۳⡣
⻷Ȼӣóɫ
ʱչգŸչ粻á
ڳþˣճԹ緹ѾͲסįϳźͱģֵúܡ
лڣ˿Ҳôˡ
Ͼ·;Ҫеʲô´ʱ䡣
ֻл·ԶΧһС
ڵʱҪ򷢣ֻóڵ̫భۡ
ǰĹΡ
ιܲԶһ㣿
мģһֱ볤ڶϣλôڼһ𣿡
̧ſóĺâ
δ𵶣˿
ƽѾջߡ
ԣɨһۺͻ֮ľ롣
ĶͻȻֻ̧Ƶ
ͶӰõڳУεס湮Ρ
ι
ɫƽ˵ҪȥϷ֧Ԯ˽һ޳ı仯ʱҲӦ䡣
ƽȷʵпŵϰߡ
߻˵Ҳܶԡ
ֵϷսùķ
ʱһһȥȻװֻ̧һͶӰŴ򿪺ţŻ˳
ʱͷ顱һˡ
ƽûע⵽ɣҲûȥᡣ
֮ǰ͸֧ûϢãˣҪǿ
ϾһսƽȻǿ
š
ֱСʱ˾⣬Ƿŵα£ûþͳ˯
νʱΪƽ߱
ƽѾ˯ˣʶŲԻȻûʲôɫߵкҲû
ǻҪİ
ѾôԾָ΢ڣɢȥ˳ƴܡ
֮Ҳƽ¡

ƽʱʱ䣬ŷһȻ˯˴峿
⣬ӰǰʻȴȻû֡
ΧǸƵĴá
ֱǰĽ
ʯȫ󣬻⻷սӣЩûʹáάѾưܲΨһãǷ·޲ţѰʱŲѡﴩ
ֻսǲòͽѡ
ңǾԮڶ࣬Ⱥû㳲
ΪξԮжָӹ٣ֻ¼֧󣬴󲿶ǰ
У̲һСʱս
ƽʱһ
˫ӡ
ƽʣжã
ܿ͵
򴽣ֻ˵ҪСġκ쳣Ҫ̻
仰Ѿ˵һ顣
ƽظеĵģٴθ
֪
ͬʱԶ³ǣ˵ģҲųһ𣬷ɵսҵϷ
֮ǰıʣƵѾ˽ֱ䣬ʵʱעĶ
ͷѾԿӵСӵƽ߻ʻ
˵ģҲǽ
ʮСʱǰ˲ò
ֻ޲֪ʲôԭͻȻʼ١
һǻ͵ʱ佫ǰרƲ⣬ڳӸϵ֮󲻾á
Ҳ˵Ǽˣ    

 57 

, ҲѾϢתƽ
صΪϷսٳֱר, һר׷ǰ켣Ƶ, ΪսԱ׼, ԱǼʱ÷ʩ
̬ڻʱѾֱͶӰ
ӻпԿ, ֻ޵ȷ˵, һ·ȥԵĹ, ǰ۳档
ֻܵвʱ򣬲Żŭֵ
Ϊʱ䣬սʿǼηֻΪסĽŲ
޵ȫ, ǱӵеԹ, ôջ񲻴
δ򿪳ԴͶӰʱֻ޾רԤĻʱ, ֻʣӡ
ͨѶƵϷָ, սǰ
Ϊʱ䲻, ҪԴ, ʻȫٷǰ
ʮִֵ, Ϊ˴ֿǣλǱֳǿķԡ
ָҲԼֵȫԱ׼ʻգԭصȺ
³֮ǰζƽ˵Ȼ, ǵжԶܶԶҿƵѵֻ޲ŸոսԹֻģֻɲһǧҪϹǿ
ƽЩ⣬лѡ
˵ÿ
Īģ֮ǰ޺øС
ɾ̶һദ;ȻΪһİ˵
һԷдʱ˯ȥġ
뵽ųķ˿ĵ׵Ĳࡣ
һ䣺㡭Сһ㣡
ʹ򿪳ת뿪
ԱһһԻкҲæ˳
ǲǡ
ԣƽߣͶӰתϡ
Ļû˵δĺ塣
ӦûС
üȻûУ̬Ϊʲôô졣Ѧڣ᲻ỹϵ
ֿԲ
ƽԹλ˽⣬֮ǰѣֵôȻ
°ɡ
β⻹˸ͶӰ΢⣬ȻֱһˮϵܸΪ
ȻóǻϵֱĿСΪϡ
뷨һ£Ȼû顣
á
ȵԮ˶׼
һ£ӰŻ쳤εض
ƽҲڴ󲿶֮С
ʻSףڶǰС
ûڵл׵ٶһᡣ
ıһȣ絶⣬˵ָ·ơ
߿еսװüգȺԶ׳۳ʵ¼
ͶӰǰĹһΪһսеš
ĵǽעһ˿ϣ
սδйܼĻųʱػĴʡ
޻͵صڵģŻһ١
˿̣ƽ̸
ʱء
ƽȶԸԳ
ֻ޶Ѿһ죬һ·սѾȶ
ȻͣжݣҲƻ
á
£ԶѾ
ĳſڿտƽԭŰ
ƺӦͬǿߵıƽ׷ŭ
ʵϷսרƲֻ޻ͣҪ֧Ԯ
ɴʱ񱩣ɵѹҲͬ
ػڣųԱѾ˷¡
ڻϯĳɳз׷ɡ
Ѥõ񻨣ڻǰȺжţ
ըڶݵڸס޵ĺС
ţصӽ
ֻüƽķ򿴹һۡ
һ̣ף٣ֱֱֻ޵ķȥ
ıⶨƵߵȼףͨ޷ģ˿ȫ٣ܿ콫˦
εĸֵȻȱȴҲԽ
ҧȥ
ʣĳȣҲ׷׼ʻǰ
ƽȻѻ֮С
Ӹߴľͷп˿ע⡣
лıڵ
ûк֮ǣûҶͲת
֮ϵԴںţ
һų켣İɫɫâ𻡶ڸ߿շ䣬̱ء
ţűֱɹޣ
뷢
ͷУ⻭ӵϢС
ֻǺܿ죬ûȹڴ𺳵һĻлع
Ϳһ̨еĻףûпڣƽҲûкһ
ԭٶȣ˲ʹӻȺг˳
һ̨ɫSס
Ŀ
ԴڵУۡ
ҲΣգ
˶ΪһѺ
ʱȺѾͣ¡
Ǿ͵طɢԻΪģѸ룬Զ̲Ӧ
ں޵ĽС
ʹ˺սҲԶ̹ΪȫЧ
ֱδսܽľ顣
Ͼ˶㹻ʵܺ޽
Գ͹⣬ҶԾͣ£ʼԶɧޡ
Ȼ̨ɫףô£

Ѿ˴󺰡
ϧѾˡ
óȻôܼڵѰ·
ǰһĻ˵ϡ
ɫ׵ķӦֱһѸپ׼
ڵ֯ɵ⴩ƺ񷹺ɢһɡ
ɫĲӰڿԾָܱǰ
ȴһεıݣĿࡣ
ʵɵľʣ
޷ӵڻѹƳַ϶΢΢ü
ͨѶƵг
̻񣺡ǣų
ƽʱѾ˻ԡ
ԳѾˡ
θղźƴһûпĳƽɫ΢䡣
˭ģ
ƽûлشֻͻһۡ
һ룬ͷƹ
𣡣
Գ۳ŵأŭʱ¶
ɺǵͫ˵Ѫ񱩡
ڶ棬һֻӴĻݷ
Ķκ˵ͷ֪·
£Ʈ˿ϸꡣ
ʱν
ˮƵںϽǡ
ƽȥɡ
ʱ
ĻϵܾһƬµߣ
ƬƬдˮз룬Ҫķѻ̫ľȥƣݺֻޣ
ŭһ˫ȭҵء
һǽεض
ֻϧˮ޿ײ룬һǽ赲
οƵȻ֪ͻһ꣬ӵˮϵܵƽйء
ͷţҪǿľͿܡ
˵Լܱĸá
뵽⣬ֹͷĻתŻһ𣬹Գ
ڣΧôԸ
ƽûȥæһǣϻ
ٿأΧһ䣬ʶܿ
ͼһηоˮХ
Ƿϵܡ
ƽü΢ˮƵķΧһȦ
ϵΣս鲻ḻ˵ԱȽϼ֡
ѡ񹥻Χˣʵɲ
ȺѾ˷ߵΧֻϻǷϵܣСģ
漴ƽԺսĳ棬
ۻǰˣ
ʲô񣡾ȻҲܺԿ
ˮϵܣİɣţư
׺˽͵һ̨ȥǺͻųһǸشУ
شеͨѶƵ
Ħȭƣã
֮ڻ͸һֻ˹ȥ
ֻ޴ȴݣܿЩ쳣
ܿԿڵȴܡ
ûá
ԴںϵĹֵ˵ȺУŴһԶ̸
̫˷ʱ䡣
ԼȻ˿ȱǣƣһֻޣƸһЩ
ƽǰѾ޻Ӹκˡ
ӡ
䣬һתԶľԳ
ӣ
ƽһˣܴ޻תһְ룬ʮ⡣
ҧгݡ
Ʋ˭ǣ
ֵǣϣ
ʮ
ֵǱϵƵƨʧء
ǿȡ
λϽǼֲסˣ  

 58 

, ƽ΢תһۡ
εĸֵ֮ǰ
Ľ, Ǽǰ, Ա, ȴ޷ǰ¹㣬ֻܿԶǣơ
޻, ֲϵƶ
ûм̫, ˾ѾǿεĿ籡г͡
Ŀ, ޷䵽ʵ
ǵǣƣҲ˿̸
μʮֲԸڻǰ¶ӣɴеǰݲΪ˽ĶԹ˷ѱһһ롣
, Ҫ֧Ԯ
Χ˶һ
ԭǼ棿
˳ͷԴڵļ϶ȥ
ֻкɫ׵ĺϽǡ
侲ĵͳɤһ̴ͨѶƵд
ӡ
ʱ֮
ûлԮ, һ仰ȴùʶշ̡
Ƕ˴ˣ
뵽ԼһսŴӳ, ȻȲһһѧ
ս˫ȭ, ҧصã
˵, ƴʮ־, Ӳ˾޻ĽŲ
ƽջߡ
ûзȥעĶ
ǰľԳ, ȻϣսܲԣùܷգҲȻӵ˺ʶԱһֱͻƿ, ͼȥ;޻͡
Щ쳣ƽԭ볹ʵΪͼһʡ
ȻѾֵסûм֡
οʮڽһֻޣҲս
սپ
Ĭ
仰䣬ͬʱ
ھԵǿУٸܵĻףĶԿУҲֻǿɹеĸߡ
ƽֳ־ʯֲףеĹ켣Ȼ硣
Ȼͬʱ׹ˮĻȻֹͣ
ˮƵͣڰգ񱻰ͣ
ţӶϣˮĻΪһϡ
ˮҲʱɱ
վڱ棬Գϵ⵽ơ
ƽ΢һˮһһƾո֣ڸֵһ룬һһλΪʵ壬ԡ
Ųƣ졣
³ٶǣþˣ
ԳҲŭ
µľ޻ͬٻƵëܿ쭡
ƽܿӵͻ̣䡣
סʯھԳ˿ڴͣ
еˮֿԵá
ѪҺеˮΪʲôԡ
һ̣޲ʹĺ쳹ء
׼ʱת˲ɳٲԳܡ
޵ǿҪ̣
ˣսֻ·һ
Ľ˻ǻۣǵ˿־
ֻϧǿ޵ѪҺƶԾĹأղŵĳɹٴθơ
Ҳ㹻ˡ
ʧȥսޣѾʧȥ˵ֿıǮ
޷졣
ûаӡ
ֻ˶̶̶ʮ룬һֻϷսԴ޺Ȼأ
ȳճѪ˴ʣû̿ͱẮܶᡣ
ʬ廹ڳ鴤
ֱͶӰǰĹڣ˻ûлع
ԭΪֱж켣ͷֱʱûйرա
ôҪһ㡣
ǣƽͻϣһƿȫ˭ܿóġƶҵ
ϷսѾ˽һ֮á
ҪһԵʤעģ
Ȼһעʤսڴʱ˿̣ͲҪرա
ͶӰŴĻɼսȫ
ĻڿоĻɫһ˾޻ѩ
ΧľԮѹ
ںХ
̶ķΧ
䡪
źâΣձ׶ڵĴըƵþ޻ṳ֮̂ء
𣡡
ŭڷУʮβҺɨ׻ǰ谭
̶ʱУȻ
䶯
ϸ˿ƵˮƮɢ
һĻ̫죬޻壬ֱս̬ȴٳûй
Σյζ
ͬǰߣפ㲻ǰһɡ
սĹΣҲʱ
ԶƽͻıӰĵ׵𺳴ӱȻ¶
һ֮ڣһֻնɱ
Ƕôս
վǰˣǵʱ˿ȡ
ųǿ󣬼Ѿ׷Էô꣬Ҳ
ʵ֮ǰʱҲѾᡣ
档
ʲôˣȻܺͻϵĬ
ڣⳡսУ̨ɫϣԼӰӡ
ǶԷˮϵ
ųʬʱ˿̾ˡ
ξɲ
ϡ
ǲȱš
ʮƽʮĻš
ΨѵĻţսһ£
˼䣬ͨѶƵȻһ󾪺
Ҫˣ
ܣ
ޣ
ּŻᷢùʶ̧ȥ
ֻ޻Ʋܵƣ˷롣
ϵ޵ٶȣۼ塣
ܿģҲֻһģӰӡ
˺׷ȫܵķϵޣ˵һֻǡ
ɲ֪ôȻֳһ仰
ܲġ
Ҳһ̡
һžӨˮĳһ˦
رǽε
Ȼֻסһ˲
Ծ޻ԣȴҲһ˲
Ϊˮ漴׷
οţγѡ
кһֵǣϣ
֮Ǹҷɣϡ
ûã޻ƺʶ֣ǰƺݺĵأëһȦ
Ա
ƽ΢ü
ʱȣٹ˼ʼʩٶȿѪҺ
ңΪعľʯԱ޻޷ȫֵܡ
ܿ죬Ѫܱѣը˿ڡ
ճ̴ֽ޻
Ӳı˪콣
ţһöճѪľʯ޸µ䡣
޻ҲȻء
һһҼֱСɽƵʬ壬㱡
ԭΪһս
û뵽ôɾͽˡ
ڼ
ָ¼ֵǶʮ롣
ʱΧѾҵػ
ų꣡
Ӯ
λ꣡
ͷǰͷҲ˷ܽкá
ھͷ֮ǰͨѶƵ
ڶСӣɨսˣ֧Ԯһݵ㡣
ʤһ˾񿺷ܣǣų
Ȼǻһȡ
ƽĺɫɻڻȺС
һΣȴû˰֮
ͷһ·棬ŬȺѰӰ
ֱ豸Ҳϻ׵ٶȣֻǽнԶ
ӸطʵʱݳϢ
֧Ԯӵǰ·ߣǴӱԵսֱ档
һ·ս޲ʤڸϷձήҵʿ衣
ֱҹ˲žͽѡһӪ
ŹףƽͻһȥӪʳá
մ˻Ĺ⣬һٷ꣬Ҳû˹š
Ϣ
û뵽Ϊ࣬񲻹ãֻ˻һ飬һ
Ѿ˻⣬ƽûôི
Ϲأͻס
Ҳû˸ùͷ
ʵϣڷ֮ǰԱĸһġ
˵ǰ͸ƽһ˾ͽһ䣬ѡ졣
ƽִƵ
µ׹űߣߵǰ¡
ͶӰرŽ췢սƽͻնɱʱľƬΣһֱ޻طš
ǻųĴ棬Ϊٴδһοʤ
ʣûҲһۡ
ٿƽԷϺ쳣ֽ̧ͨ
ƽкת뿪
ߺ󲻾ã⴫ε
Сֵܣ𣿡

ƽ˵Ǹġ
ƽתǸ
ǡԴսʼ֮ǰС㣬Ҳԣû뵽ô˵ҲǾҺֵǵҲҪǸҪлŶԡ
սǰ˵ĻģƽԭҲûн⣺ûϵ
һζԻѸٽվԭأֹ
ƽٿһۣ£
룬̲סֱ˵Ϊʲôƽսôʲôϵ
仰̫ʹˡ
ƽĻش𲻱䣺ҿսƵģ¹ķ񡣡
λȻ
ôֻƽĻŲɣֲã
ûߡ
ƽԹţʲôֱ˵ͺá
ȴͻȻͷ˿Ȼʲôû
Ȼüͷһӣ˵Ҿֱ˵ˡ˵껹ԥһ룬Ȱ㣬Զһ㡣
仰ӹ˵ƽ⡣
ֻΪʲô
üǲԸѼҪ˵˵ڣͼתҲ֪û˸˵㳤úƽ񡣡
⵹ȷʵ˵
ƽúƽʲô⣿
֮ǰ֯ԣûί񾭣Ե˹ؼһ̣Ҳ֪ô壬ֻÿżɽ
ûֻǰ㵱ƽ  

 59 

Լ
뵽ʱ, ͻ֮Ĺϵ˹⡣
ƽˡ
û仰, ּ㲻ǲǣΪʲô֪
ѵ滹Եԭڣ
Ҳ֪, Ըҡ

ƽ, ¶ģȻƽķ˿Ӧ֪ƽͻĬĴ
ƽ֪ΪʲôͻȻЩ
, ּ˵, ֪, ֮Ĺϵ⻹ҪҪܡ
ƽü
ȴҪܣ
ôػһΣ˶˽ͻ֮¡
ı飬˵Ҳ֪ųô, ٻǡۿ
˵һ롣
һΡ

ƽ˳תϡ
, ε񰵲ơ
ӳô
ƺǿѹŭ, ָ΢΢
ȴԽ, ûȥƽһۡ
˵ƽ¡
ƽûע⵽, һȦ, ع, ۿʲô
Ѿܵʵʵı񣬱ɷ⡣
ʱһ˲ǨŭȴҲòԼɵŷ޳Ļ
ɻûתƻ, ĺͻȻʧ
ǰһѾתƽôͻȻǰ¸Ȥ֪ʲôҿԸ㡣
⸱ģķŭգ۸ǹɵ
ȻˣΪʲôҪ˵ΪҲ֪ڴʲô⣬㴦ĻװģƭΪжô飬ųϷĹߣҵȻ࿴һ۶ǷųԲ㣡
ƽΣ侲һЩ
ò侲
ҧ˵ҿһ֪ջˣҾų
ԣ޷Զ
Ĺĺ
ĻںУ᣺ӳȥ
ȴһڼǰҰ˴ߣҽ첻뿪
ֵ档
ƽվ̧Ĺεļ򣬰ģô
ôף
챿ƽôλ⽹ڶãΪ㲻⣡
ƽ֪˵ʲô˼
ҲʲôŵԻôƫ
뵽⣬ƽһ飺꣬㿴ʲô
أվűߵĻһ
Խεļͷƽӡ
δʱѾꡪ
Ѿֹͣ
˫ڵӣеĲѹһУŷײ
ͣ¡
͵

ļȴ̶ļХǡ
ͣ£
Ȼƽ΢䣺Сġ
Ҳʶ˲Ծ
ķʱԵ˴
ȵ֮
Ƴɵ֧顣
βı鲼Χ
ͷûڵ¹к˪
̹ǵˡ
лƮɢɢıмѩ
ҵƷڡ
ԭվƽǰĹΣһԱˤ䡣
ƺһһѪĭǺȳ
Ѿ˴Ӹ̽ͷ
ڰֳǵ纮ɰͦӰһϽ˻ȥλ˲졣
εֳŵأȴǰһڡ
ǿº𣬰ʹԼʵȻô
ʱעϡ
ƽֻͨѶƵ
ˡҽƶӣꡣ
ƽɤͳԣбʶȣƵ˻ظ
õģԵȣϵ
ֱĻٵÿѾҹصٻһŴɣԸڣʱҶϢڣ벻Զ
ܿ죬ҽƶӾ͸˹
֪ǲʲôϢʱ۵ܡ
ƽͻ棬֮ǾͰ̧ϵѸ뿪
ңʶ֣Ҳûа˵úء
һСʱӦþͿȬ
ͬʱʱӪصĹԱѾµá
Ȼ֪ΪʲôɶϷԣɱֻ޵ĻǵľǣֻимûκԹ
˵һ񣬾ʱӪضƷҲ޻˵
ȵԱҲߺ
һкָֻ
ƽһ
ıӰվԭãת˽ȥ
ƿʱƽѾ¡
Ƶ´򿪡
ͶӰﳤׯˣŽϢ
խСĿռ䡣
ȻջŵΡ
ֽվǰ
ƽûп˼żǰߵһŴǰ¡
ƽȻûп
ֱ˫ȭϥϣȴƽ
ٹá
ƽȻûп
ƽ
ƽתӣô
˫ƺԶ᷺ĺֱ֪˿̾˵ʲôǶԵġ
ûһ仰ƽͻȻ
ѿڶҪȥ
ƽһۣҲȥ
䣬һǵϴֳء
ʱӪޣװˮֻϴ
ѡ⣬ʹ˵³ڵƷʣƽҲûི̫
ϴصߡ
սԾǷǳġ
ȻѵѾ˳ҪܵϢڻָ
ʱƽɨ
˱ӣһ죬˯ɡ
ֻô赭дһ䡣
ȴϡ

Զ
ƽԶʣҲԶһие档
ڱˣϣľ롣
ɶƽ
һЩ߽һЩ
ƽ˽º浽磬֮¡
ƽӲô
ƽأӲͼ˽
ƫƫԽԽʹࡣ
ԸƽʣҲԸⱻӡ
ֻصǰ
Į֮󣬾ͽнԶ
㲻֪𣿹ûܸ¡
ƽ̧Ȼ㲻ңαʡ
졣
ʶߣоѪźȵĿɬơ
ʱĴݲȣƽǰ׾پ͵Ȼһա
ԣἰ¡
ɹεĻƽ¸ҡ
ǰͺڹ£ٷһΡ
ֻǲ룬ӹ
Լ˵źĲֻҪʣһ׿ڸ㡣
˵ڲ
ͶӰĻܣ
ͻļžֻǻĴ
ƽһۣôңʲô
귢¡
ʲô£ùζԻƫƶ
ҡ
䣬ǳõĳĬ
ҡ
ѵԥƺĻĳʹࡣ
ƽ㲻˵Ҳᡪ

͵̧
ȻᶨĹ⡣
ţڰѲʱ仰˵
Ұ㡣
ƽһ
Цһ
ƺ˿۵ȴڴĿֻš
ƽ
ѾҵݺѹţȻص΢õ졣
ǣ¡          

 60 

ڵĳĬһֱӡ
Լĺ, ҲԵ
ƽ
ƽӻǳصл
, ڸҿЦ𣿡
ϵķӦ
, 仰, ͷɬ
ƽûжĸ顣
ķӦ
ԭ㣬Ҳûıʲô, ܻ, ˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
߸һ·³, ڽǰЦͰЦҲδɡ
ȻЦôܵЦԴ
ƽŻڷ, ľ÷顣
ʣô˵
ƽûд
ʱ˿, ˾׽ֵܴ, ֵס
޻˵
û̧ͷ
ƽþûп, ˵Ҳ֪Ǵʲôʱʼ֮ǰ, Ҳ齨֮ǰѧĵһ, Ҿ֪, һӵĶ֡
ƽɻꡣ
һμѧķ̨
һոѧԸڰԵֻѧ£üȫУѧֺ¡
ͬ°ܽĹ, Ԯ
ֹ
ƽҲԹ˵
⣬ǿĶ֡
Ϊ齨ţһͬ߹ꡣ
ǰͻȻԶƽⲻ⡣
һ˵ͻȻʡ
ǰʶ뿪⡣
Ļû˵꣬뿪ߣȥˣȥκεطãûٴ㣬ֻҪܼͺãҲû
ǰ
Ҳ֮ǰ
ȷǴʱ𣬻粻
ҲЩ㣬ɴܾҳġ
û˵ȥ
Ϊʱղű˵仰ǰõ
ֻҪͣ£ٶȻָ
նĳĬû
ʱÿһĵȴԶĥ
ƽ
˵ʲôֻҪƽͺá
ûл˵𣿡
Ƭ̰
ƽȻҳȥߡ
һƽȥ
ֻӪתһת
ָ£ȭʣҪ𣿡
ƽ˵Ѿ¼ȡԶ΢٣һۡ
á
룬ſڡ
ƿ󣬼ţҺܿ˯ɡ
׷뿪񣬲ԳЦ
һ
ƽͣһ
һ룬ת뿪Ϣȥ
ѾҹӪﾲĵġ
ԴƹĴҲǰ·
׵ҹ
Ųԡ
ƽģһΧǰͣ¡
ǰڵƽԭɡ
һӰԥƬ̣ߵԡ
ô֪ڣ
ƽʣʲô¡
ɫ԰š
ѾܹƣȻûȫе㵣㣬
ֻǻûƽ񣬾ڰ·ˡ
㻹𣿻ûжôɣ
ƽ˵ûС
ο˿ɫôҹѵǻϳʵʵ
Ƣûô
ζԻƫٹ̣ƽûٶ͡
㵽һҹ²ܴ󣬻ԽԽġ
ƽת
ԸֱֻҪ׼ˣͷǳ̡
һΣҲΪģһҪҴġĿ
ȻĿ
ƽȴԸûм
αñôôң
ƽջߣûʲô֪²㲻ҡ
μʱƺܲ־ᣬʣղźͻ̸Ȱ㲻Ҫͻߵ̫ϲɣǳʺ
ϲɡ
ƽ̧ưΧ׽
㲻ֻݺ꣬Ҳ޷ĸڻϡ
ǰ˵ıֻĿ
ƽϸ롣
ǰѾֳ˫ˮ۾
ǴӲʾġ
һȴȻǰδеǱ
ѹֵĲƺڶߣǾ䡪
ƽ˫
ΧָԽ
棿
ƽѾҡ
⣺ĸˣ
ŻȻôģȻ¶ȫг˵˵͵ƽ£
ƽü΢
̶һ仰
һֱ۲ķӦ״ʲôѱƵģҾ֪ջôܶôģǲ˵˱ºŪ㣿
ƽ̧£ҲҪ֪
ôУ
μˣôִԲءϲƽڶôãΪ㳤úƽ𣡡
ƽȻΪϲɣôΪƽøУ
㶣⡭
߼ӦԽԶԽá
α仰ʵôһƬհףòײΪµɣ˵ϲƽֳˣ
ƽô˵̸ϲɣǴһղŶԡ
α֣غϾͱҧɴ಻ͼϻֻ˵ʲôˣֲϲˣԶһ㣡
ƻûȬʹ󶯸λ𣬼վԭͿȡ
ƽһ۷ʾ¶ȡ
½
λԱڻ
꣬ƽ˳·ͻ
ǰκ޲ֻջûܳɹ
ѾϢƽҲûٳȥ
ֻһ˳ţûõ˿⣬һ²
ʱѾȥСʱ
ӦѾ˯ˡ
صǰƽȥ
ല̿һۡ
ȻѾ¡
ſڣ˯ˡ
ƽʱûصͶӰڼš
ƺ˵סද
ûƽţһֱƽ
ƽһۣҲߵһԴ¡
ĵƣУܿ˯

ڶ졣
峿
ƽ׼ʱѡ
ϢҲͬʱӿ˽
峿ͰʱӪֵʱΡ
ٹãҾ͸װ
ʱ䣬ƽ۳Ŵ
ĴѾˡ
¼ͬտҲ
˯ú죬𴲶ûжûаѡ
ƽ˱´
ϴҪţһŲǰͣ¡
ţ
ƽ˶١
ˡ
ƽŲͺС
ϣȵġ
··Ժıûκ쳣
ƽ룬ǰ
˵ʳóԹˣȥȷ֮ľԮ·ߡ
ƽת֮ǰ죬Һ߾Ԯ
ԭء
ƽľһˮͷ¡
ĵ׻ѹһĲƣ˿ڶȻ
Ϊʲô
ƽ˵Ѿ߲ܾȸˡ
ʳһ䣺Ϊʲô
ƽٿвˣ䣺Ϊҽ뵽
ݺŴ
ã̤ǰһ
ƽı飬ֻõ
ѹʹࡣ
Ҫ
֣ȴڴƽʱַ¡
ƽ㲻ҡ                        
лҪ˵͵ڿʲô
ûġ

 61 

ǻ֮еĽ
֪, ƽ̹, ֻʣһ·ߡ
֮
ֿƲסȥһֿܡ
ƽһеûз, ҲԶ
ƫƫ, Ľ
ҡ
ҵ⡣
ƽϻĻҴʱ䣬Ϥһͨʯʹܵķʽ󲿶, ñȡ
ʵ, ȫҪĻκνȡ
ֻһŲĽڡ
Ĵ
վԭԥ, Ȼֶ˵
ƽԹͣʱŷ
ɡ
͵ʲôû˵
ۼҪ뿪ڿ, ɤȴ, Ȼƣ𣿡
ƽûлش, ֻ̧ȡˮ, ˮһ, ֮תſȥ
ƽ
͵ץסƽֱ, Ҳֿսÿ춼ڱ仯, ͬʱֻޣпֻֻܽھȶҾһߡ
ƽɨֱתϡ
ֱĿⴥÿһ, 񱻻ƵôʹȴȻûз֡
һεĴҲٷڶΡ
仰ƽ΢ü˵ǲĴ
ָսǾͲҪҷֿ
ƽһۡ
΢תڷ
ıӰ
ƽǰ߳ٻͷûڵĸ飬˵ǻҵΡ
̧ѹ»ķ˵ꡣӽһѧʼֻһ˷Ӳ˽ˣһҽ⣬ҳϣҵĴðҲڵ³ǣװ˷ʱ䣬㱾ӦиߵĳɾͣӦü磬ֻǻûнӴ̫ˣֻͰһʱĳ嶯飬δԼ̫Ρ
һʱ嶯
ɫ΢΢ףƽҵʲô
ƽעƽΨһĴΨһܷİתֵܣڣҲΨһ֪ҵϸˡ㣬ʤκˣţҲһ
Ǿ͡
Ҹ㣬
ƽûиڵĻᣬ˫ڳԵõĮΪԭѸҵϣǴ
ʱͻȻһ䡣
ųֵܣֵѾꡪ
û䣬ͼǰȻһ㺮˪
¸ŷҲ͸Ŵ̹ǵ䡣
ϡ
ʶ˵仰Էʿˮ
ֵǻܵȣλġ
˵תˡ
Ķƽ¼ȡ
û
Ǵ
ţ
ߵԣΪһʱ嶯ʱȥȷϣΨһ㣬֪Ǵ
ƽô꣬ûκθ龭ϲŮˣͻֻ֣ᷢǰҵС

һסƽȥ·ҲҪ龭ֻҪ֪Լ뷨
ÿ
ǿѹΪֻǰ㵱Уǲһԣ
ƽü𣿡
̹Ȼ㲻Ҷĸ飬ȷϡ
ƽ
̶һתȥ
״ݺ򴽡
ٲǰϴ
ڵϻ׼ʻ֮󣬻ƽ˵㶨ꡣ
֪Ҳͬ߾Ԯķƽûᡣ
׼лģʽ뿪ʱӪء
ƽŻٶȣڻȺ󷽣ͻһǰһ۲Χ
ԽԽϷս˵Ҳţ׷ɽ䱸
һ·ֱ磬ҲֻСȺ
Ҫƽͻָ֣սȫڻ𸲸Ǽ־㹻ʤ
ֻǣû˿ԶʻԴֶȫٷǰҪȫעʵЩԲ
յ磬ʾ
ӳⶼ˴·ˣҿҪСʱأܲϢһ
α鲻ˬ
Լӣ仰ȻֵˣȻҪЪһЪ
ǻӡ
ղѾսٳۣ˿϶Ǽֲ̫õġ
ӣȥʻòµȻֵͷϡ
˼ȥ
˼ȥ
ƽֵܰ
ƽࣺʲô¡
θЦһҲûʲô£㣬·ôã˰ɣ
ۡ
Σ
඼ظҭЩܡ
黹ûֻ꣬ü˵㲻ۣǲ֪ų۲ۣҪȥʣ
ƽ㲻ǾҲ⣬ȰһǺ־á
Σ
ʯͷԼĽŲʲô
ʯͷԼԴ
ܴ졣
ƽֻܳ߻
ųֵǶˣҪҪϢһ
ϵƽ
ԡ
ûԤеԣǻɣ֮ԥŶƵָ
ȫ彵䣬ԭϢʮӡ
ƽһء
ʱޣڻ⣬ûдӼʻڳֻǰԭбվԭأЪЪֽźͽ񾭡
ͷ
ʺɫڻȺڲۣͷβôңԶһ̨ƽ
ƽҲûеǰ˼
δǰ漷˹
Ѿ͸ʮ״˳мƽǰȻʣ֪ô𣿡
֪
οƽ
ҰֻбĻ׺Ͻǡ
ֻתʣôˣ㴩СЬˣ
ͻûйϵ
ƽûжĵ˼ҲûȤûٶʡ
ֻǾãƽͻƺЩ̫
뵽£׻̧ӣЩΡ
½ң
š
Իһ䣬αԱУתȥͻ¼
֮󣬰Сʱܿȥ
µģʽĿĵȫǰ
ƽµ꣬ϷһС͵³ǣ
³ֱǰλƫƧһ£Χɽдͺȴû̫ҰޣԽԭһǳʺԸ˾ӵ³ǡ
³ǣʷϷ³ǻҪƾá
ΪоԺһ֧оС齨оģ⵽ΧϮܿݣ²ооԱѣо϶ȫ٣ԱоԺá
ֱֻޱ½ǿ߸޴նɱٻ޳ҲգϷ³޸оҡһ䣬Ľ³ǡ
ƺڸбһֱûеõӡ
ޱܵΪûʵǿرѾֵ÷ǳѣȥͻٴݡ
Ϸ³ΣԮֲ㣬С͵³ǣȷԴ
ƽΪֻ³ҲĿ궨
ĳȴ֪ƽô롣
յԷϢϲȲϢȫǣƺѾͿȱ
ڽŽĵȴС
̨Ϊ֪ɫҲԸ˻̽ⷶΧ
³Ǹе޳̨ǰ·׸⣬δѾʧȥ

ǰԮԱսԸ޳ʮ㡣
˼ҲȲһǰһһһˮɱ
ϯŭΣ
ΧʮɫŵõըҲڲסߵİֹâ
ڻڳڻ
ѾʬҰ
̶̶ʮӲ޳аϣɢӡ
һĻϽӭӣ˵³
̫ҪɽʱתƵص㣬ҹ֮ǰҵӪš
ɻƽ𣿡
ƽֻԼͺá
ĬƬ̣ŵȿ³ڡ
ֱ˶ӿ¡
类գװ
ƽ򿪼ʻգһԾ¡
Ҳ±
Ѿź˵ʳ⣬æӭǰ˵ų룡
ԻЩסլСѾȫˣһһȫһϣų͸λҪˣ
˵Ĺ˵Դͣһࡣ
վԭصãȴƽһѾ
ų
ջߣ߰ɡ
ӼͬʱʱҲ޼
³ʱŵ³ǵĹԱһ𣬷䷿䡣
Ҫһһһһ棬ûɣ
ûУ
߽ȺٿȻһ
ο
ʣأ
β֪ʲô˼ָֻһһһ䣺档
ǹصġ
ߵǰ̧ҡ
ȥ˯ɡ
˵һ
ˡ
ҵ㡣
ճ鴤
ôҪĻĺܾûˡ
Ȼţһתſƺģʹվſڸɵȡ
񱻰ͣ
ڻųɵȵʱû˸ҷ
ŵΧɨһȦ
ɢ
̿ˡ                      

 62 

³, ƽص, ȥϴ, ȥѪ
ԡҳ, ſʮǰϢ
ˣΪʲôҪţ
ƽûлظ
ȥͷϵˮѰʪëִαҪ, Ϣʾٴ
ǹΡ
ſվ, ô, ϻҪҪμ᣿
˵ᣬǵ³ǵĳ׼칦磬һСʱͿʼ
žԮӸصʬ;ʯ, ˳ڵĲ, ȫŵⳡݳ޵Ļ
֮ǰԴϣе³ǵһ, ƽû⡣
ֻǡ
⣿
ƽɢǰϢͶӰ, תȥ򿪷š
Ȼ, Ӱ͸ŷ챻Ŵ
, ٿ̧
ƽ, ʣΪ㲻Ὺš
ƽûпźصǰʲô¡
󣬷ְź𣺡֪ҵ飬㿼ǵôˣ
飿
ظһΣ㲻ҵĸ, Ժһԡ
ԣƽְ̧棬ûпڡ
ʶҲ¾ʹ˽ҹĳĬڷڳá
ģƺĺá
ֻԼü߾
Ҵߴ٣ֲܱƽȥѡҪĽ
ʱ˿ݵȣ˵ٶĻ
ǲܡ
ıҡҡ׹ϣƽ£ֳûӰ
Ϊʲôܣ
ƽѾˡ
ȴȻԸ֣ǰһൽҶĸ顣
¡
ΨƽΪӳߣƫڻǰԵЩ
˫ѪϤüۣڲԾУѾʧȥΪųǿ
˵ҶֻΣǾ͸ɴӦңҳѡ
ƽҪٺˡޱûнԭҲûҵѾϣҪĶպ̸
ľԶϣ
ǰߵƽǰվɤ̣ӵһѧ⣬ٵڣԶô޵鷳ѾΪ鷳һˣѵ𣿡
ƽüôᲢۡ
ҡ
ˡ
ƽñ磬ϿʼǿˣҪ˾õȡûȥϴˡ
ƽھ޼̸ȥ˼۵׵Ŀɬһ
ãȥϴ
ĽŲнԶ
ŷſһΣػذ
ߺƽɳǰ
ڷ̧֣ſαĿ
ֱʱ佥ȥηѣ·ſڡ
ճţͿվȹս
ƽһ
֮ǰûжô
ǰ᳡صԴסլȺ򣬾ԮȫԱֻȣΪסŻŶҴûġ
ڹεմƼžķҲͬʱˡ
·ûεĻֱƽ
һ𣿡
صС£ƽûоܾ
Դڿռ㹻ҲӲͷƤ
ڣһ·Ĭ
ƽĵƣûˣʮӵĳ̣۾ûһΡ
εĿתתȥֱ֮һﲻԾ
ûаĴ㣬ֵüƽԻн٣·Ҳ˵
ȵԴսǰβƽ
ǵˡ
һ̣ӻͣ£Ŵ򿪡
ƽͻͬʱӳ
һ´ӭ
ų
֮ǰڹսҲӵˮϵܵƽټͻͬһһʡ
֪λǣ
档
ҵĴ
ܣŭȴֲ֪ôֻһֱת뿪
Ҳ㶡
֪ĴֻһˣǾѹƽ
ڣô£
Ҳûһ涨ֹܻ
ĻӦ󣬶ƽ̬ȸ顣
ϾܱصĴҲʲô򵥵
ֻǽ뿴棬˶ЩԾ
ǰˣڶ̷£Ժ¶һʮӢͲü֮ȴû˿ʮֳȡ
ɫѵĴ΢ڵƺ̶ײֱӡ
ͻվһҲȫ·硣
ۼƽʵ̬֮࣬˼𾴣á
ƽ΢ףá
Ĭ˻Ľܡ
翴ƽѾǸˣͻȷֻռ֡
״ɡ
֪ƽǨŭǵĻᱻ⡣
֮ڳ˵Ĵӵ½ֻͣǲ˵㡣
ƽû˵
µ˻ⲿ˼û⡣
֮󣬾Ԯӿ˽
ΪŵĺÿһҪʱעⱣ־룬Ųʮּѡ
칦磬ʵ˱
Ӧ׼һžͶ˵˵ͷ
ܿ죬Ȧǽͬʱ¶Сοȡ
ȵƹȻԼԿﾫµİ衣
㹻Ļռ䣬նʱ
ת֣ҲһǴ˹Ӱʱʱ
ЦЦ߱˵λҲ֪оԺһоĸĽģԭооңĿǰе·ǹȥװãڶܷ㡣
վһԵĹԱЦ˵ǰеװöǿģҿιۡ
죬ƺл˵˿ƽͻЦЦ˳仰ûҪԱС
䣬һ·ܹڷʳϵλãʶȤ߿ˡ
ڰƽȡͺҲ֪١
ַǷ
ƽûȥһ䣬򵥳Թͣһˮòͽùǣɳ
ⳡ칦籾û̫Ȥ
ֵᣬƫðһЩĻ
¶Ը
̶ֻһ·˫߶ƽϡ
ᣬȴʵۺ㹻ʹ½ǿĻȼ硣
඼ڣѲע⡣
ƽ£һ췢۵ĸŮ߹
ǳƯЦҲ󷽣
Ը⣬֧𣿡   

 63 

裿
ƽѾԼжû¡
쾫, ҲûӦԼĴ㡣
Ů, ôί񣺡Ǹ, ڵˡ
Ů۾ʱ͸¶ڵʧ, ƽľܾûо˼ֻԴ˵Ǻðɡ
ٳƽЦЦ, תԭ·ء
ƽѾջߡ
ɳ, ַ, ˫ȽСͶӰ̯ϥϣŲŵƵ
վһ
˸ͶӰӫӳƽĲԵͦ, ˫ʱ΢, ƺģȴȻ͸޷ӵ
뿿, ´š
΢򱡴
ƽûע⵽
ȴѸղŵһĻ۵ס
ȵŮ뿪, վԭ, ̧żǰ
ϤӰӴǰ, ƽû̧ͷ, ֻʣ˭ĵ绰
ʦ
ûղſһĻҲû£иطȽϰȥһ
ӣ˽ƽϰ, ϲĵط
ҲȻƽܿ𣺡߰ɡ
˺壬Χв˶ڨκβǻƽûⷽİʾ
ۼ߽һСȣ̾˿ס˵Ķ
ĴǵԸ£ȻҲҪһ˳Ż˼
λԲ뱻ţǲҪȥۻˡ
ƽͻһ·Ҳȷû̫ˡ
ֵⷢСλ˵ƫԶռСȻ⼸ܻӭ
Ҳûڡ
ǰʱʣһ𣿡
ƽһۡ
˵ûб˼ˣȥϢ
ƽûпڣֻȣǰ
ڸͨȫͨ˴ͨԽԽǰ
ıӰ΢ǳȣſϡ
ʦңֻޣģ޳ͻȻǵĽΧ޵޳ѾвڸӦ˵ټսɨǺܻܿؼˡ
ЩݣƵﲻǰųƽҲԤϡ
Ϸ֮ǰǳţŲʧء
ֻвѾʣµϺǲҪԲɱˡ
룬죬ٷ̡أ
ƽ˵ͺá
Ҳûټ˵ȥתǰй⣿
ȷй⡣
̬ģϵͳеȻ⡣
ֱ󣬵ϻÿ£һһӣڵ£ʵʱҲǿѹֵġ
ֱǰĵãʹоԺзģֱǰȻ̬ϵͳ
۸൱һ˵ֻиȺõ𣬸Ҳаװ
³ǣȴڼٿŵĽ
ƽȥ
û飺á
ղŵһĻѾƽǰ̸۹ڸ¡
ڣٽƽپܾߣҲûٺͬİ·
ֻҪ֮ǰ¼ѹĵףҲ֪ٻάֱƽ
ѾǸĽ
̰ġ
ԭΪ㹻
ԭҲࡣ
һǻʿչƽǰһױ¶
ֻΪС
̰ͷļƣħĵڶ߻졣
Ʋסࡣ
ٽһ㡣
ܲٽһЩ
ֱǸŮ˴ƽ뿪
ƽΪĶ濼ⷽ£ԸΪԵʣȥӿһ
ƽıӰ
˵ָ⣬ż֮ǰоԺоģǸʱװá
š
˵ص֮ڲҲװһɡ
ԡ
ֱǰķ羰Ƕۼ
ֱ࣬ǸƽȴûΣյĻ
ģϵͳ侳ҲԶԶʵ
˵䣬ѾߵԴͷ
ϦͣǴһ򿪵ķ㵹
ĹȣŻҳϸϸϸ΢ɨҶ
أһŲ
üͷ΢塣
Ѿ˽ȵǡ
ҪڣڽŲǵķ
ûãһӰǰ
ƽͻǻĴڣöԷҲüͷ˵ʱʮֲѺãô㣿
ӳ㲻ңһΣƣߵ鷳۵λá
ֱһͣ㡪
ӡҲƲϺãתƽȥһߡ
˼жֵǰףƽҲǴһ𣺡š
Ȼת֮ǰǿŶԻŭͻȻڣȵȣ
ۿôӳָ̣
֪˵תƽ棬ҼǵҲڳȷһ£Ӧòҿ˰ɣ
죿
ƽҰȷʲô
ʶ˻һۡ
ûһܣֲµ϶˳£ֻõڡ
ϯһȥˣƽ죬˻ѦڷŹһƵ㻹ǵðɣ
ᵽ£ɫ΢Σ㾿˵ʲô
ûصһۣѦڷŵƵųйأҿųһ䣬Ĳ֡
˵⣬ƺΪֻû취Ǻһÿλãƽķ羰
㿴ǲǺһģһ
ڣһŴ
ŰɫıֻƺѰ
һ࣬ǰװ̬ϵͳǽ棬ģһشģ
Źεĺˡ
ƽڡ

ţڵһа辡۵ס
ͮȻ⣬͸شڴǰһһΧɳԲܡ̺Լ봲ͷԶһȷš
ɨһȦѾ£
Ҫƽȷϡ
ѦڷųͶӰҲֻ
ĵȷȷͶӰǸ䡣
ʶǰ̤һ
ǰſѰĴ
ȥ꣬ƽŴ϶ȹȴһ֪


΢
תһײ˫ĵ
ƽǹ߳ƽȥˡ
ȴ˰ġ
ԣյȭʧҲٿطɡ
˵֪
εĿ֮ߣܣʲôòҪˣų˵ĵط
û
ƽʱתͷһķţʲô
ҡͷһû򿪹
ƽ˼ת
ȻѦŵĵطط˵һЩ¹Ѧڵ˿
ҲǺ棬ڻǰֲֵú棺ӦþЩõĶɡ
Ѿǰš
ǰֻƽ˾ʯ𣿡
ƽûС
ҲǳŲ𣬾ʯڷ
ѾˣûбҪȥá
΢һףʾס
֮תŰ֡
Ὺˡ
ڵĳǻҲü
ʲô
û쳣ѷŴ󿪡
ƽԷţһۿڵĳ
Ѿһ
ޣ
׼ȷ˵
޵֫塣
֫ϲŴϸ񾭣žʯ࣬Ϊ䶯ṩԴԴϵ
Ǳֱڲͬ͸Уͬ͸Һг
ǣо
ƽҲ΢ü
Ѧڵо⣬һֱڻ׵ķ򣬵⣬оԺڲרҲĿǰȡӪԪء
ǰЩ͸Һе֫飬ȻȤô򵥡
ѦΪʲôҪоԺֲڽܵΣо
оʲô
о˶á
ǰСС͸ףƽǰ
ƽ
ƽ͹Σû̫ྪȡ
ѦлɣЩֻɵ˽ͣЩ񡭡
ƽδ˼
ǻġ
ƽ취ֽһ״롣
ҪӦȴȻ컨ƺ΢һ
΢̽װá
һݣСģ
δ䣬ƽѾʱӦ
ӦѾ㹻Ѹ١
ͬ仰ĹλֻǰһƽѾſڡ
ˡ
飡飡
͸ĸ״͸ͻȻըѣҺѸǽʧ
ʧȥĲ֫ڵ
ʯ漴ˤڵ棬Ȼѣ۵Ĺ⣡
ڣĶƽǰ²ݣ
䣡
öǼʯͬʱԱǽȻ̮
ˡ
ƽ磬ת˲ԣߣ
ƽûЯʯ֫ԿȸߵȼԱľ޴ನ̫ˡ
Ѧµװá
ǴѴһ
֮ѹ
ȻûϵҲΣķ
ƽǰŸ̤š
ģشǽȻڻ
˭ҲûעʱǽȻת
ɲǼ䣬ȻڵʮöʯѸٷƽţ
ڰȻѣ͸ŨΣϢûĿѡ
ƽ
ƴȫԱĹͻȻһ㶡
ǧһ䣬ڵˡ
˵ƽǰ
ͬʱԼʵıƾᣬνƽڡ
һ̡
䡪
ʮը
±Ϣڷ꼻һ֡
ţݺһΣ
ڵһʩ˲仯Ϊ̳
ùȥνܣ˫һЩڵء
ΣѹסʹѵؿڣŴڸղźȻպϡ·ķš
ңῪʼǰеȨޡ
״ˡ
棬ߣ
˵꣬۸ӡ
ͷȻΪ˱³ǵİΣųܰ˳ನ
ϣлʵĽҪͷ벻һ㡣
οʱͷƹ⻹죬˸ֹҲھҡΡ
ɼղŵ𶯾㱻⧲һܣȴȻǣ³ǡ
ȵĻζͣ¡
̻ڡ
ֻƽס˴ᱧ
ɫ԰ףüѾһ˿۵ɺ졣
Ѫɫգ۽͸ƽơ
θϽǰ
ƽˮ
ҽƶӣ̸ϵ     

 64 

֪ͨ, 롣, ˳³ǡ
ο첽ƽ
, ĪϤ, ѸϵⲿţƽҪԸȥ
Żڣܿҵ˽
򵥹ͨ, Էҧҧ, ѡƽѡ, ֯Ⱥʼˡ
ûйҶͨѶֻƽ˵ҽƶǰԴ㡣
ƽıӰߡ
Ŀǰ׼ȷ˽⡣
ӼһδԷ¶ɫ
ǳء
ʵֹ
վڻ֮, ֻԱ, ΪղŻĿըҲؿʹ, ǰ󷢺, ӿ
ʱ, ͻλ, һȥ޻, ỹҪųӲرȫ³ǡ
ϸ˵
Ҳ
ԣһ·ģȴûһ䱧Թֻؼǰš
ƽĽŲʱʱҪСܸܲϡ
ûг
˲ԸľΡ
Ӱ³ǵĻζûֹͣ
, ˭Ҳ֪ѦµĻأǷֻһ
³ʱĿܡ
ʱƽ˵ǶԵġ
ʱڷص棬׵
С
̧ۿǰıӰ
ղǸ˻Ǹ֡
ƽ
ǻͿ
ƽʬʱ˿̣Ѧڴ˳ˮ
ӷ֡ǧǧ˫۾һôܻм١
뵽⣬ͻȻ˻﷢һĻĻ
죬ȷΪ쳣
ʹ޻Ҳòϣ֮ǰûֹͣѰƽ䣬ƫƫڼƽһ죬ȴ̬ȴ䣬һİ뿪
ǣİˣƽƵĳ࣬мȫغϵս񡭡
ҡ
ǰ˹ε˼
عʶ˦˦Դ
ʱˣȻ˼˼롣
֮ƽ
۾
ֱ΢
ƾʹǷ죬ǣȫҲںҴܶ۵Ѫ⣬иöĥʹࡣ
ߣƽ
ƽľࡣ
ͷȼƺȱҪ̡
ҡ
ܳͲǻͷ
ƽ˳Ļʣʲô
΢̴١
ãŵû¡
ƽӲɨ԰ɫüתǰڣҽƶӾ棬ټһҲ¡
Ϳһ䣬˵֪
Ի䣬Ѿ˾ͷ
ƽ⡣
ӡ
ƽٿˣ˲һ
ų
浽׷ʲôôųôصˣ
ղŵıըųֵˣҪһΣǸô찡
ƽüĿ̺Ũ
û뵽Ѿȥһʱ䣬·Ⱥȴûɢϡ
Ʋӣ˹һۡ
һ㶡
֪ôƽ
ֻͣżӣΧ˵
ҲҪţղоװñѾɻųѹס
ڹʱҽƶӣƽԴ
·Աһѿڶų
õʱǸû뵽ҪҽƶӵˣȻǻ
ƽ²ͣţѻ۵ϡ
ţס֣סɡ
ƬӰǹ
ϤϢιסˣڲס
вͬԾʯըɵ˿ڡ
ƽûע⵽飬ҪСġ
ͳ𶯣ƺĤ˰ġ
ֻ̧ƽ
һ̣ҽƶѸΧ
̵Ȼ롣
ʱóס
΢Ŀƽˡ
ƽû뿪߷Χ
Ҿ㲻¡
̶仰ƽһ޶ȴ㹻ƽﷺĲ
֪
ԴѾųʻ
εĳҲڲú
ƽ̹ûйһ΢ҡΡ
³ǵźͲǿƵɨÿһ䡣
һ·Ǽѡ
ƽڳڣ͹αϵ
ӹܽ³ϵͳرĿǰ·ȫǾ棬ڽԴ֮ȫԶʻϵͳڴзŷԳΪȡڼ䣬κζңָͬԮᡣ
һһ
ԮȫԱװȫʵӹһС͵³ǡ
ߣüޣôȥ
ֱٽڣƽλ
ô
ҽƶȫԱϱ鲼Ⱥ
ʱȶˣǼܻҪ֧Ԯ
ƽŻ
ղŵıը·ͻȻ³ǵİΣһ¸ǼʯͬʱըвƱȻء
ڣһʱĬ
˳ڴԴʻӡ
ŸϵĹηɱôţ棬ôˣ
ȻͻԸĿǰ״󲿶ӻҪ̻ġ
Ͼĵ£۶ʵʿǾ޴
ȵŴ򿪣ɫ԰ףһ
ƽվԭء
Ƭ̺Χ˵չ˺Һܿ
ʣҪ
ȥĶ
仰û˵꣬ƽѾת³û
رա
ֻû
һʣˣصʲôز
ҽƶӼҲ½ۣųʵۺǻǿԲ׼ȷ
ҲǣƣǿȹҹԻʵ׼ȷ̽ǳ
ղŻʧ߶˵ôأƾ⼸ˣȻ׾κá
Խ룬ɫء
ҽƶӺܿΧԡ
ųҪ㷭㴦˿ڣɡ
һ仰Ҳû˵ꡣ
ֻֳŴ
Ѱʱڳû˿ó
״˵죬ʱˡ
ȵȡ
֮ǰ̫һ
ɫ԰ףˣųôýԱ
պȻ͡
ü΢£Ҫ˿𣬻ʲô
ɤ΢Ÿƣ糣ᡣ
͸ղڴȵˡ
ͣǸѡ
Σ
ղһǸأ

 65 

۵ϵĻ, ľȻ
ҽƶӼҲƵı֡
ķ, ȴڻǰ, ¼èצƵ, ҲֻܽΪơ
ڼǰʻ
ڴűֿ״̬Ѹ뿪
ţɫ԰, Ȼŭ, ʶеš
˫, ⱻԳĽë𣬿ϲŭ
ҽƶӲظһղŵĻǷ׷ǰų, Ϊˡ
ůͬʱȫ
ϵǿ, Լ˾ܵľʹһ
˲䣬ʹûл, ء
ɫ䡣
ֻ΢ü, ȴûпڡ
ԴѾʻɳ, Զǰ
ղڵ³Ǽ̬ģ⻷, ĺĿ, ֱӡ
ǳ
ԮȫԱѾףʱȺ
ıƽSɫսѣʱԴ˳⡣
Ϊ֮ǰıըҲ, ĸֵҲڳϡ
ֵڣڿѾܹ񾭷ɣͻȻһһԵϡ
ӳ
ҽƶ˾
οȳһ˿Ѫĭ˵Ǽųˣû¡
һ鸴ָе߳ܡ
³ǵһμ濪ʼԻûʲôɫڷ˾ˣ֪ôԻ
ڻûȬȻ߶Էʦ
̧һۡ
ΪҪȳһƵʱ򡪡
ùˡ
Σ

һƺˡ
ҽƶʱʵҲ֡
ԽͷܣԽ˽ڵƵжôء
ȣǱ޾ʯ˵Ѫģ˿ڣȻֵһᡣ
С۲Żɫĵզ塣
ĲǻǱˣѾ־ʹзѶˡ
ųǵľǿûиƥĵȼԹ̻ȽϳҲܻЩʹ࣬һʱ䡣
΢ת
ϵһͻڨڨ
ո˵ĻԻԣȷͷϻûʲô𣬵˵ҲֻҪתƻעֻƽʱ˵ƵĻȻһŵ˭
ų
Ÿôֲͼüͷ壬ԭϥϵֺݺݰڴأָǽڱ÷ףȻʹ¡
˱һ
ҽƶӼ˸ŵûӲ
ô£ҲûбĶ
ղһֱúõİ
ųﲻ
Ҳסˡ
Ҫ͸о³ڱ仺֮΢΢һΣͣ
漴򿪡
ӵвٿԴȨ޵ˡ
תȥ
Ȼ棡
ûϳƽѾһͿȡ
ڳɨһȦڻ˺֮ǰҪ
һ㶡
û
˵һ롣
类˻ȥ
ƽ˵ˣô
ûʲô֪ˡ
ƽ·˻ûж¡
Ŷ
æְ˽ŷŻ
ڶ濴ţľȻ
ƽʱҪƵҽƶ˵ӳҲˣȥ˿ڰɡ
⡭
˻һۡ
ųô죿
ƽ̧΢ڣһĨɫĹâһţڳһť³һΪ
ｻҡ
ˣûüʻǰѾֻʣԼںϽģӰ
ǵ˵ȣٳûŷתΪˡ
Ͻ𵲰壬˽΢ĸܡ
ڴĶģ壬Ҳûϸֱ档
ƽľ
ƽûš
ķڽǺһֱڻ˳ڣ˳ȡ˷ڷľʯ
͹ϵߴ޾ȡָܲͬϵǴֲϵڽɵľȡ
ƽ˿ѸϵḶ́ʹࡣ
ûϵ
ӣܵס
ƽûٿڡ
žʯƹ۰ڿɲ˿ǰ
һ̡
£ĵ̹â˸ȸԾӿ˿ڣû롣
ٿؽ
ƺһ棬ǰ͵ȭ
ͬڸղųȴȶԸỺĶʹ
˿̵ĥǼ¡
ƽľ֮ǿûж֡
ͷųϵܣĳֱκһӿ
ϸȥ·Ѫ⼡Ѹϸ졣
գ۽һ㱡
ƽûͣ¡
ֻƣո˿ڣֶϡ
̴ٵĳسΨһĶ
ֱ˻ָƽеľʯ΢
ӿʹ滺
ļȴûɳڡ
ۣѹŴϢͼڶʱƽϢʹࡣ
ƽ΢УԻ˿ڱĸһţǰ
ͨӡ
뻹ڻڡ
˲һʱ
ƽֻɢĨҵĹţԻϢһҹ
䣬Ҫ
ߣ
Ȼ֣ץסƽ
ƽ
亹δɣ׵ʧѪɫΨ˫Ȼ糣ӳһ˵Ӱӡ
ķȴָ÷
ߡ
˵һ飬һܵסûϵҪȵ졣
ƽü΢壺
ûб˼
ʹûɢŻڻûгȫҲûҪ뿪
ƽѾѾʯջؿڴ
Ķĵ׽ɬʹƵջߣ㻹ҪæҿԵ㡣
ƽֿסʧȥ֡
Ϣɡ
ƽַŻش棬ȴûҾ뿪

ƽң£ֻΪˡ
ԭҲûй
ԣעƽĲָҲˡ
ƽһۡ
ȴת˯ɡ
顱

΢ǳЦ⡣
á
֮ǰ֣ᰴƽɢڴߵ½ǡ
һΡ
ŸһЩ              

 66 

û˯
ƽһ档
һ, ڹεʹ, һϽ𵲰ܸġ
ܲ
ҡǰӵ𣡡
ҽƶࡣ
ӳ, ǸƵķ, ųһİ
ˣǱֲ̬ǣ
˵ĳ̶ȼȲϻȴҲƲᡣ
ҪѸٻָ, ûнݾߡ
û, ִʱʱ͵ʹ
ƽ
ƽ³Ǹάͼ
Ѿӹ˽³ǵĳȨ, ǰͶӰΪƵڷֱŲܻΣյ
˫ϷɣϷ
ͼ硣
ͨѶ⵽ֻܾܷϢ, ѯ֮ǰʵ顣
ͻȻը, 룬һֱͷˮ, ȫãȻظžԮ뿪, һ·, Ҳ׼ȷɡ
ϾԼ, ׷ʲô
Ѿʮӹȥ, ӰʵĵӵӵĵϣٲһõĽͣЩȷ԰˿¿Ҫˡ
ƽûֱӻظֻڵͼϵİȫǺ㣬ͬȥ, ̸
λãҪСʱ
ȲȥˣҪңǻҪòܻȥɣ
Ϣһ롣
ͶӰĵ³ʵʱͼͻȻĲĺɫϮ棡
ƽŴͼ
һƬĽģͣ⽥
ǽٰ칦Ĵ
뿪֮ǰѾҪر·޸ȨޣװʧȥԴԶպϡ
³ҡһ䣬ȻĸԹ
Ȼǰ£Ѧڻڶ̶ʮ﷢䣬ƽȨޣɹµװáߣ˵װãŸȷС
ңʮڣѾ룬ѦڵĲһճǡ
ܿҲʶһ㡣
ûٷϢܻ¡
ƽҲûлظ
Ȩޣһι
ڽѦڣ³ǵ˽⣬Ȼ
ʵڿ֮Ҳµ˼ʲô
Ȼ
֮
¥
ġ
оԺ
סլ

³ǵеͬһʱȻ
ͶӰͼ˸Ŵ۶ΣյŨغ⡣
ڶ
ţ󣬺Ȼ¡Ƶľ졪
ƽѡȡҰ򿪡
Ӱвʵĳ
ԭһС͵³ǵƽ̹أʱζݡ
ṹѱŽĻ𻨣ڵҹɫ£϶͸ӫ⣬˾㵾µ
һӵص׼ۼ
ŵ³̮صķ϶Уǳ˳һһɣڿɢը
ɽ¶ҽ
ֻһиʴûĵ³Ԩ
˵ע¡
Ѹٱ
ɰھͷϣϸ鲻ϵ
صƵһƬ
ĳţһĳнԶ
ڵķ߿ɣȫͻľջѹĵס
ѯҲͣһϢС
ǰƬڣƽϥϵ˵㡣
ѦʵݵķȴЧ̶ֳȵıըһҲԴоı߽ǡ
ʲô
ƽѭֻɢǰͶӰôû˯
˯š
۳Ŵȴ֪һ˿ڣüͷһ壬Ϳ˻ȥղҶˡڽݣЩˣôţ
״ƽȵ˻ûãҪҶ
򴽣֪ˡ
ƽɫ
ǵʱһչѾûƽߡ
ʱҹɫŨŴƮķɳԵǰ·δ
ҹ޻Ƶʱ䡣
һУд붼սǿڡ
ʱӪأҪСʱڼ䣬Ҫܿʱʱ˵޳ѾһСս
ƽֻ˵ⲻҪǵ⡣
Ҳ˳ɨһۣѾôˣһ죬׼Ϣ𣿡
˵ţãʯ㶼ϡСʱ۲Χжǻڵһʱ֪ͨ㡣
ڵĶѾЪ
óλ󱳼ڳڣҲ㡣οҺ͹ζˣҲҪ񡣡
ƽһۡ
ʶܿ·׿ĵߡ
ûжƽ
Ҳá
΢
ƽѾס
ʹǰδӴľΪˣ߶ȼУҲһġ
֮ӲҪ
˵ģȷҪ
ڰڷŵĵܴͦεˣȴҲ㹻
ƽԻɡ
ǰıӰӲֽŲŻɡ
̫ӽǰԴԴϴů÷̣Ľࡣ
ڼơ
޹Ƶ죬ŵƽϢ
Һãϵĺƽ೤
ûã˰ȵĺУҲۣܿ˯ˡ

˵ǣ뿪󣬴󲿶ֻܵСģϮһ·Ҳоա
Сʱ
½ʻƽǵʱӪء
ʱƽףڵĵ塣
ſڶ洲ϵĹΣͷ˯ûڵء
ҽƶȫԱѾϷͼй𴲡
ˡ
ƽһµķӵϣá
һ׷ٿƽ
ƽɺӣô
ջߣûʲô
䣬סüͷӴϻ
ץֱߵķȴ˳㡣
ֱͦȴӲ
״ƽ뵽֮ǰ˶ܷǰһɡ
̧ãԼԡ
ƽѾֻĺ󱳣סվȡ
ݾܾ
ǰһƽţ漴Ҳӹܡ
ƽһۣŲסץҡ
˵ʱϢڶࡣ
˵
ƽ˳ϰ֡

ֽƺʹֻƽ²зӦʱһɽӲ
ƽ죬ƽֿ̧ķ֣һܿ͵
ͷ˿ֿƽ
˶٣ԥ˵ܲܣٰһΣ
ƽסºתȥȡһס
תһʱ˶漸Ŵ͵ľȻ
ڴϣźӡ
Ż
ֹֹ
ŻǰҲû˵
Դͣº󣬾ʹҽƶ˳
ƽѾ˷
³֮ǰʻ𣿡
ԥƬ̣˵е
ƽûж롣
ڸյİûֱӰ˱ȥֹֻԷ
֪ǻĶ飬ʱӪ֮ǰӪص˾Ѿһж׵
ƽѽ˽Ρ
ΪûȬȻͻסһ
³ͻһص
ţһϸӷִһͨ绰
ֱ⣺ʦѦ
Ѧڣ
ӷֵԵЩɻ󣬡ճûðɣôˣ𣿡
ǣ
ƽһۣŵһȥ̸ɡ
ӷֶԽһ֪Ӧһͻ˼䣬͹˵绰
лܡ
ɫƽˣָܵúܿ졣
ԣָ΢
յյ֣ǰüͷƺܵʲôɡ
ƽ£ʣûлָ
ҡ
ڳһŵûϵŵס
ߣŬǿ
Ҳ鷳㡣      

 67 

ȻѾҹ, Ϣʱ, ڴ󲿶ͻȻϵ, ⵽ڻ֡
ƽ˷, ȴһۿѪۡ
˳΢û¡Ѿϣһһ·ͺá
ϴõˮ
ƽҰһ
ã
ٿؽֱû, Ҫ
һ
ƽ, صĻ鷳, Ϊ£Щֵһᡣ
ȴתĿǰĿմֻ, , Ҿͼ
ƽ΢١
ͻӣô𣿡
Ȼǡ
ƽջߣ͹ˡ
ǰһ, վڴߡ, ̧סϡ
Ѿ, Ŧһһ⿪̫鷳
Ҫʲô, ϥֲԾ, ɫ֡
˺
棬ڡ
ͬʱ
վſڣƿ
ʱļѾ
ĳǰ, ͹𣬻Լʲôƽ硣
ǡ崻ǡ
ͬʱƽΪʾǿǴ𣬡֪ᣬʢǡ˰
ζȥˣ
ǻ
ƽǸʮı̬
̬ˣûȬ澹Ȼô˺˻·ҪҪ
ޱʹģ
ѵû֡
ɫ԰ţ񻹡
ȵȡ

ô񡭡ƺǳĲͷ
ӳʲô£ⴳ˵񡣡
ûˡ
ð
ζʱΪղ˵Լֵ
Ļ
ôôص˶ûſɶϡ
һ߸̣˵㣬Ҫץʱ䷵³ǡֵܸңѦѾ뿪룬ȥؽ⣬ʱϵôɣһʧ֮ǰ뵱˵ڽоôһ£
£ƽͻ֮ǰѾͨӷ֪
ϺɫҲܿʶһ㡣
üѾ֪ˣ
š
ƽ죬ͻҪʱˣҲҪʱϢ
ɡ
ƽֹ̧סĻ֪ͨȥһ磬׼ʱ
Ӽ꣬ڳϸתȲҪȥ
ϻ룬ҲҪ졣
ѦѾ뿪ûҪϵ̫
ʵҲһ㣬ֻ̲ס
ըǸ䣬סƽ
꣬Ѧһֱڽоǻ᲻ƽʲô˵Уƽʲô
ȻѦںƽĽ飬Ӧʲôƽ¡
ͬġ
ʶѦô꣬Ӳ֪Ѧڽо
֪֪治֪ģ¹ƽ뵱ʸס
ͻСļⲻ飬ת
뵽ģҲ벻㲻ȥ𣿡
ô˵Ҿô
ƽڣ˲ܣ㹻˹βֹһΡ
ҲˣԽ䣬
ӳûб£һҪϢ
Σ
ҪϢ
У
޺ˤͷҲصˡ
ŲóĶ޹Ǩŭ
ƽ
̫ʱƲƵĳûһΪֻӱ˺
ûӦڶ˺ѵߡ
ֱ̧סڣóֱۻ䡣
ƽûпֻ𶯡
䣬תȥȡëˮ裬ˮ˵ϡ
ëˮݹšɡ
ˮš
ڻĶߣĥ˵
ڵֻһˮ
ȴڵ¶ڶȻθߡ
ڼ١
ů֫ٺ˳Ѫܱڡ
ƽ
ֽɣֽ⡣
ƽתһ̣Ӳǽڷ޳ָϣĿİڼҲ
ƽëϵˮ
̧ȴ΢ס
ô
ƽֹȫȻ˼ʲô
ƽһָۣǰ׹
ָⲻ仮Ƥû˲
ʶٿƽĵĶȻ̧ưסĵһƬҡ
ҡ
ƽѾ׹ģ
֣ӻ»׽
ϣһöָҡҡλΣԴƹŽɫ
Ľָ
֮ǰѾʧ
ȴڻϡ
㻹ûشҵ⡣
̧£Ĵ߷ſɬûĽָ˵벻ٴ㣬Ҳôöָ͵ļ
˵꣬ƽڣ˵֪Ϊ˽ǣҪջأץסƽָ΢΢ֻ꣬ҡƽΨһӵеĶ
ָ̯ġ
ƽĻ΢
ͻȻʱ򣬻صʥǵĵڶ죬ʥǵĳǽϼ
ϣȷһöָ
뵽⣬ƽ΢ü
ҿԲҪչңҵ˺ܿͺá
ûظĵɬϸܸ֣Ȳˣ̲סֵ˵ҾһǾͰҾһı꣬𣿡
꣬δ͵ס
ƽ½ָûټ⣺ת
Ĭϣɣת
ƽڻ򣬲ȥϵѪ
˸ղŵĲڵһʱЩĬ
꣬ƽһֱûпڡ
̧Žָ
ԲģҲû˿ɡ
ʪëڱߡ
ϵȵù̡
ݺס˵ʲôȴҲ⡣
ֱƽŵҼ˰ɡ
ƽ
һ龧ʯ
˵ͳ̣ûʱŽһܵ
ղѾϢСʱƽûоܾ
ȡöʯ
һöݸһöġ
뵽ʱ״̬ƽ˵һ䣺ֲס̽ͣ
ͷ֪
ƽ̧鰴ǰһ̡
һ̣̹ӿ
޳ʯƬ顭
ÿһˣųϿһʹ࣬ԶƵĴ̼ӣ޷õ⡣
Ҳһöˮϵʯ
ǰ亹ƽüȴûֹ
ʱȣҪڶʱڳȬ˵ͬʱ˳ҵ磬ܻӾʹ࣬ȴ°빦
һʱ֮ʹܺù̻
˵Զ˼ѡ
ƽľҲȥʮӣڽζĥ
ͬʱջܡ
ƽЦЦ
ЦѾʮǿֻʣ
лл
䣬ľʯٿع䡣
˫ڵ˫һֱֱ̣ƽķ¡
ƽһ
̶ְ̧˽ӵ
ŻʧѪɫĿ⻬£ڰղϻζĽָϡ
Ƭ̺ƽҪ뿪
ߣ
ƽ
֪ʲôʱѹ
ץסƽ
ߡ
̶̵һʱ֪ʲôΣ̴٣ȴһҲϴƽƿ
ƽá
ֱָⷢݵȵϣһһζᡣ
ƽ˵
á

 68 

һ硣
컹û
ʱ, ƽѾ롣
Ķ, ƽȥ
Щ𣿡
ƽ, ת˲췢һС
ͷ, ̧סĽָôǰ
Уƽ̬ȡ
̧ƽıӰ
˱ӴӴöˡ
·Ѿ, ʱֻ˳, ԸеԽ, ͻأûӰıһ㼡ʱɽȴڵĴ㣬ͶȻ, , Ҳһ˳Եķ羰
ƽûпѡ·ߣʰһ, ׼
ѣߵ̫, ûлϴ·
ƽת
ָ, ǰһҡ
ƽһ, ϵףϰɡ
ӭ, ʱ׶ͷסߣ㣡
һѳ£ٿȥʱ
ƽעѾصͶӰϡ
ץס·ֲٴγԣڿʲô
ԣƽȷͣ¡
߰ѻͷŴһ飬ŵ, Ӱ죿


ҧûУ
ףųصĲתȥϴ
ƽջߣڵͼϱǺ㡣
ѾӵͨѶƵﴫε棬ʮӺܼϣûУ
˵ţԺһ䡣
⻹ġ
һǳڽûʽӵмԡ
ԴڣʱӦòӡ
ƽ˿
Ǻܿ͵

󲿶ӳûãƵͨѶ
ͨ󣬳Ӱ϶»Ͷڳڡ
̬𾴣ųתһƽ
ڶĹΪû豸׽ûп
ͶӰֱʮԿ۵׵Ӱ
ȻԣǸ֮ҹ
֮󲻵Ȼʣ˵ܱǸŵλ֪һЩըйصϢ֪Զλûá
üԶ
ƽһۣŵʲôϢ
˵Ǹ䣬оԺѦڲʿ
Ѿزһҹ˼ûв˽ǰѦڲʿֻһסǸ䣬ֱǰò뿪
ע⵽ôʣʣ˵ֻѦһסǸ
ȴЩԥҲȷѦʿֹκ˽ķ䣬ʵϣ⣬Ҳûκ֪ѦʿĴڡ
쿪ȨʱֻԵЩԥ
ƽ۲ɫʣΪʲô٣
ٴҡͷҲ֪ҺѦʿ治ֻ࣬ͨҪҰҪĲϷָλã֮⣬ûбĽˡ
ֹ
Ҫ
ѦĿеĵλǳߡ
ƽʣŵʲô
һۣҲûôµһ㣬ֻش˵Ѧʿרǻףоķ˻ףǽС͵³ǣϡȱսУλҲ֪ǰоԺоģǣѦʿԽ·Ϥ³Ǻ󲻾ãǸһЩ·װá
˵⣬΢
ѦھڡǸ·ͬʱ˽Ʒ³ǵĻ֡
Եûгã˵˵ЩΪЩ֤ѦڲʿĶǳɣϣλܰǵ۸ʲôۣҶһ
һ㣬Ҫѣƽͻд㡣
Ҷͨ󣬻ƽ
оģѦڵ
ƽоԺڲṹҶ
ѾоģȷѦڵѦоԺĸ߲㣬ȨޣһоĵͼֽӦò¡
Ҳ뵽һ㣬ת˵˵ʲôö
ƽһۡ
ѦڵĵӣһֱûоԵɡ
ǳֱ
Σյĸ֪Ҳȷʵ
ҲԡӦĽ顣
仰
ƽת򳵴ųƽĵӰҿûй˼
䡣
ȴл΢
ڶĹȥˡ
ܲһ㣬ﻹһأ
գһɨա

㲻˵û˰㵱ư͡
Σ
ⲻǻ
Ǵ򲻹
붯ֵġ
ûҵưͣǰҵ˰
ݱԿ˳ȨΧ
һ뿪ֻʣƽͻ
ƽ·ϵ޷ֲͼƵʵʱԶı
ڣҲֻͶӰ鿴ʼ
ֻ͸嵲סߡ
ʼԴ˵һ󣬾Ҳûж
ɫɰת
ķ羰Ѹš
ֻгڣǾΥ
ֵǣһ·ûκϮ
һ󣬾Ԯӳͨص³ǡ
ŲŵϷѶ޳ĻҲڱ٣ƺʤǰ
ǰĽҴ߻Ҫʱ䰲š
ƽͻûڳͣ
³Ǻȥģӷֵİ칫ҡ
һ³ݣϢǴúܿ졣
칫ڣӷ֣༸Ϥڵˡ
ƽźɨһȦ
оԺˡ
ǶԼϤǾʶġ
̤ŵһ̣ͬʱ
ųѾ˵˽£û˰ɣ
˵оԺλԺ֮һƽ
ЩУְλߣΪס
Ҳûйຮѣһھֱ⡣
ӷ֡
ӷվڰ칫ϸϸƽתɫ̫ÿ
ƽʱЦЦųҲͲĨˡ˵ºѦйأ
ƽ⽥
ֻ·ϵʱ䣬оԺ˾Ѿ֪ô壬Ȼ˵ô򵥡
ȷӷֲڼ֮ǰ͸¶ȥ͸¶оԺ
ĳֹǰ¸ǡ
Ժʲô˼
ɤƽ⣬Ӳκӡ
ƽҲ֪Ƣû⣬ϻǴЦų˵ģʲô˼ֻѦڱϾоԺˣ룬⣬ǲҲоԺԼ
Ȼ̬ȴʡ
Ѧڡ
оԺ뱣
ӷɫ죬ӦҲ֮ǰѾƽ


ȻԺ˵£Ҳ֪Ѧڵ⣬оԺԼ½ˡ
Ļתء
ƽ꣬ɫ΢΢һ䡣  

 69 

Ļ, ӷҲӰ칫
Ժ, صӰҶ, ȻС͵³, ס˿ҲҲ⣬ѦΪʲôҪ½
ƽϵЦݻ䵭ϯ, ǺαءоԺˮˮ, ҲһΪ, оԺڲԱ⣬Ҳʹģε£ܹ, , ҲǾ෽Ҹ͸ף¹оԺ߻, ʺϹ, һܽ, ô, ֻ˵Բסˡ
ӷɫ΢
ƽ˵û
оԺ, ʵ˭Ҳû취κζԷ
ʵǿᣬȫڴ½֯ɶȷǳߡ
УǿӲʵ, ǿΪĵ£նսڰ
оԺãȴҲͬɻȱ
֮ͨУ൱ߡ
ϾûоԺûܵͨǰԱ򵥵ʳΪ̡
Ȼһ˺ƤɵĿֻſ֪
οδڻ
оԺƶӷֲΪһѦڣȥǧˡ
ߣĴоԺʲۺ˿ɱȣǿҲܱ֤ԼӮҡ
ƽѻ˵زΪ˱ӷֱ̬
ʱӷֲ˵תųоԺϣվڶ棬๲ͬĵˣޣͬѦдоԺһطоԺ˵ͻųûʲô룬췸ǻųϯҲһ׷˰ɣ
ЦһҵĵޣѦڵĵˣȴúһ
ųˡ
ƽִͶӰﲥųȺ£ֻ⣬Щڣô𣿡
ԣƽ
ƽûпڡ
ƽЦ˵ڽݵµĺҲϯͻųģоԺһеڼе飬ҷǳ⣬ҲһһţһλΪֹ𣿡
ӷּɵоԺ
ƽҲʮּɵˡ
̬УܹóоԺǳϣܹƽ¡
ƽѾԤϵ̸Ľתߵһɳǰ¡
ƽųͶӰ𣬻עһֱϣ״Ҳٷ
ıɿڵ˼
ƽ΢΢͸ɵЦ⡣
֪²һʱǶӷ˵ϯԺڵǻȥҾͲˣҵϵʽҵ𸴡
˵⣬Χ˶һۣ˶Է滺ôһֽٺ
ôˣʵΪ
ȴû뵽ȫ̾Ȼֻ˵仰˿ûз˼ȫû֮ء
ȼ¶뿪
ӷҲתǳ֣ôˣ
˵ǣѦڣûЩվÿԹѦڵĻᣬܷŹ
ƫƫŹˡ
ⲻԸ
ƽ뵽ʲô
ӷż𣬰칫ﻹеˡ
뵽ղŵ̸ȫƽһͻæ˵棬ղŷ£һҲ˵ȥ𣿡
ʦõ
Ȼű˵ӷǾ档
ڻƽת飬˵Ȼ㵣Ҳûʲôõĵġ
ҲŻƽ棬˵˵뷨
ƽûڣҪ֪оԺڽоģоʲôĿ
ӷüоԺĻܣ˺֪
ȻǺѡ
Ǿʹз
ƽһۻ
⣬ŵʦ֮ǰڵ绰ﲻ㣬Ѧڽܽо
ӷüͷ
˵˵Ѧڽео϶Ǽ򵥵ʬô򵥡
֤𣿡
ʵһҪش⡣
ѦԸըһ³Ķôлñõ֤ݡ
뵽⣬ӷٿƽʱ£ղоģʲô˼
ƽ˵ݣ¹оԺ߻ܡ
ƽһͨĵ³ǣᱻоԺǾֻʣѦڵʵ飬ıǮ
ڳ޶ۡ
ƽָ仰ֻҪԼ룬ӷֱ
˼ǣооĿѦʵйأ
оΣԼߣɲصĺǴ½ֹĿ֮һ
пԱΪʥоԺеĵ
ߣڴ½һֻ޽֮ҲоԺ׷о·
ǣоԺԵء
ҲܹͣΪʲôһ¶оҾ̱ըû˿Ӧʱ䡣
ʱоҵ˲ǻ
ûлֻסನֻйԼһ˴оҵš
ôɵĺ
һ㡣
½ޣһоĸڶΣ⡣
仰ĺëȻ
ӷ־ɲҡͷ˵ܣоԺоҲɥĲ񵽷ųɱ³ǵˡ
˵оԺȻôҲסڵ³ǣųޣɱûʲôоʧء⣬³ݣʱ޳ֻ׼ڵ³ڱһֱйŹ֣ɻɣоֻйء
ӷЩ²⣬ֹһУǰԭΣ˭벻ͨĻûиݣͲܰϡ
Σٽ£һѦѲ˸ϵ
ӷε˵оԺ̬ҲˣҰĲ²⣬£оԺܷڣѦվ˵࣬ûôסû֤ݣϾûȻоԺĲҴ̶ȵĲ㹻ˡ
оԺǹ߻ýǮƣġ
һûܺԩ߿࣬˵ͱˡ
αĲģ룬ֻ˵ʱôòץסһѦڣһΣԺֻԽԽ
Ϊĵӷֺγס
оԺ¶ҪµģҲֽ׶εĴ½޷еġ
ƽʱѾ
ûб¶ݣû˵ֻ̫࣬ڻ֮󲹳һ䣺ӽڣоԳڽҲԳκε³ǡȻɣϣصޡ
ӷ
ƽֹڴˡ
кĵţĻӷֻῼǣŻƼƻ
ӷִʱҲȷҡڡ
֮ǰ
Ȼסˣ˳룬ұ벵ء
üΪʲô
ӷֳ̾һ㻹֪ɣ޳Ҳڱ
ƽŲҲס
ϣ
䣬ɺϡ
ӷֽʼһӰԭ
ѦڣоԺ֣ǰƺֵһᡣ
ֻޣ˵ĵˡ
ӷǰѾܻ䣺½ҪһѣڣֻܳеΡΪʦҺܱǸǣ㻹ˡ
˵仰ͼԡ
ƽ
ƽǾ׼ɡ
ս뿪
û̫ۡ
ӷֵ񣬴ޣǽ֮ǰͻĳ̬
֪뵽ʲôǳЦ
˵á

 70 

뿪ĺ
ΪǰľԮӻҪʱ, Դ, ûмŸڡ
ƽĿĵض·, ʣĴôŹѦڣ
ƽȴû̿ڡ
, һ䣺㿴ѦΪʲôҪô
Ϊ˱ʵƷϧһ³Ϊۡ
ӵʱѦȨ޵ʱ, ľҼᶨ, ûйֶҡ
Գǧ, ôѪˣŻԥѡ
Ѧڣͼº͵ĺѽȻ෴
ûо궯ңƽ֪ڼ便ʲô
, , ͼϿ˿
⣬ƽͶѦڿء
Ѧڻ߲, Ϊƽִ

Ѧ¶, ƽ, ô룿
ǰʱ, ֻ᲻
, һûܳɹϲƽ뷨
ֻܰ﷭ӿͷ˵ֲô֪ΪʲôҪô
ƽһۣ֪ĪƢǴ
, ڵزת˵Ҳõģǰ޳ؽе³ǣ䱸״̽װãŲǳϽ˿ܷѦҲֿԣܵôƫƧĵطʵ顣ղѹʦĻԷġ
š
Ļƽûо⡣
³ǻǰԤʩƽ³ǣλȻ׳¡
Ӧƽ˵ȣֱʵأôģ
ƽ⻹ûؽɣѦʱȥһĿġ
ԤеĴԶ
˶٣㣬ڻѦڣ
ƽڻתһȦûȬʱ仹㹻ȥҽԺ졣

ֱ֪ƽ̣Ȩû˵˵Ѧȷʵ뿪԰ȫ룬ȥ޳ûгɨɾĶʵʱΣ޳Χƾͻơ
˵⣬ͻȻʲô̧ƽУǰȥ˽ӡ𣿡
ûС
ͬھޣƽĻ棬ʱѾΪ
˼Ҳס
ƽٴλѦڱ޴ԨһĻ
Ǻ£һ׮һ޴š
Ѧʲô취Ծȣ
ôͬʱ
αֵʵ飬ǰǳǷйأ
Ŀǰڸؽ޳ʱɣǷʵйء
оģʲôɼ˵оŻоԺϧðԺΪеķգҲҪѦڣסν߻ܡ
ķ׼о֪꣬ûжʲô
ƽ˼
ǲҪ
ֱ
ƽ̫Ѿ£ܲ³ƽĴ𰸣ȴ޷̩ͬȻ
Ѧƽʵ飬ѦӵĺǣҲƽܹˣǧٱȥ
ֻǣĻûƽǰ˵
ƽҲûм˼۳̸ɡ
֮УԴͣȫիſڡ
˳ƽȴ֣ⷢһ˶ûС
ţ״Ҳüͷ
һҲͷôû⡣
ʱĶææ˳ã롪
Եʲô
ƽͻ仰ʻ˶ɫΡ
棬ųǻôҲûк
ƽع԰
ϯַǷµ壬ԱȲҡ
ô£
״θŨ棬һֱû㣬ǵĿˣ԰ˡ
ӿ٣һ顣
ԭƽ뿪ʱ䣬ԭϺ͵ϣܿ㶨˲װʼӪҵ
û뵽Ƕⱻֽţûдɾ˿ͳ֮к¶ȫ֧ҽҩѣ˸߶˿ͻͷſ£ʵȰˡ
©ƫҹ֪꣬ô£ҲƳ²ˣΨһͷҲݺݱȥ
ϵͳѾʼƽ󺰴С
ʱԱգũͷֲˣԼԼգѾ˲ٿ棬˵Ƿǳš
˭Ҷҡŵĵ꣬Ǹҡȥ
ƽ˵԰ϰ꣬ƽõܡ
ʱоԺѾչ
ôʱȥ˳ɹҲ֡
ѵѾ춼ûˡ
ƽģǮƽģƽġ
ͳ˸ˣ°һͿ
棬⼸ʧһ취㣬Ҫ͸רҵĵ곤ɡ
˵ţ߽һ
ƤЦɵģҲܲüۣſ촽˵˰
ϰ壬ⲻ
ƽСӣҪԷҸ㣬ǼҵĲֹѳԣɾϴξͳһڣҽԺס˰ޣ
ƽߵ
͸ߵֻ
ƽ̧̧°ͣ˭
ʶƳһۣ˭ҶȰ㡪
˹Ƶģϵɵɽţʿˮ˵ų˼Է
ô
˸Ͻ˵ûûСĸҶǡ
ţ
ֻһͷЩԼҧϣûʲô˼ԣҲ
˵꣬Źˣſڣתһͷײſ򣬶ʱðǣȴҲңԴһˡ
ƽ⣬ıӰʧתš
ˣһͷҲ˵һǮֻô·ѡ
ʱ԰߳һЩӷ׵ˡ
棬ֿһȫիƣЦЦ΢⡣
ԣ԰ƳƷϵչܣĲ˵ճȫիĿȻҡ
֮ǰ·ĲһǴö⾺Ͽȫի
Ϊ벻ԶЦ˵˵СֵϷսֲףûüϲʹ̾ͲһˣĲֻһôܽȫիأǰҳȻʸУѾֲгûôֵǮඡ
ţҲڳ
ɫ΢ֱֲӱϣֻЦݽӲһЩų֪ͼСֵн飬⣬Ǹƾ£ƽְɣ
ûᡣ
󣬶Ѱŵӷſ࣬Сܻȥӣų
£Ŀת׼߽԰Ĳ£̧У
²ΣСܹų
ָ󣺡ҵ꣬ҵġ
»Ȼ
һֵǣ߳Է
һȦȫӿȫի
ɫѿų
һۣƽƾ¡
ǿǿ
ЦһҾǿǿô
ҧ
ԻҲֻ̡ܴ
Ҳͳ
̣˲²⣺棬ǣ
ƽϵͳ߲˷ŽԴڣʾͶȥȡ
ϵͳһֲһզզ
ȫ㶼㣬ﻹУ
Ū                   

 71 

ƽ, ҳ, ϵͳԶдġųɾ, ĳˡȫիɶ
Ȼƽ򿪡
ƽֻֻ, 
ְҳĸ˽ܣˡȫիϰ塱֡
ƽûֶֹֻ̧ԶС
Դ߲廨, ѾöĿࡣ
һع, ϽƵĹϳ, һСڻҴһ˳±¶߲鷳
־ϲȭ, üҶЦ, ȫիʵˣ˭Ժ󻹻ҽ
ٿƽ, ٺ١Цſ첽, 㻹ʲôԸ
ƽҺͻ컹Ҫ, , 
Ҫǣ
ʱüͷ, ˵ϷѾ𣿡
ƽһۣת˵㲻ܽ鷳ֱӱû
ʶԼ˲ʵĻ˼Ӻ, ͷ˵֪ˡ
˵ƽߵ£ʣˣǳԷҪһ˰ɣǲǽ컹ҪǣҪԱȥ
Ͱ˵İ졣
ϣ
ҪߣȻʲôתųûʲôԵĲˣ
ˡ
΢顣
ȫիϰ嶼ֻ⣬ǳˡ
ҵﻹдӦһͽŲֱȥˡ
ȥ֪ͨ壬ֿ첽߻
ˣ棬мҲ˸㣡
ӿڴͳһſƬȡ׵ĴſѦڲʿ֮ǰתġ
Ѧڵ֣Ѿ΢
ſָ˪ĴſٿشӶ룬ģת
˵ʲô
ûӦѾˣĻʶһƽ
ƽûŻصѦʿ˵֮ǰŵĶΪʱ£ܵ˵㲻Ҫ
ȡSͺŻ׵ſ
֮ǰѦڼʱȷס
ºƽû뵽ѦڻǳŵĿͷԼ
ŶУ˵Ѧʿ˵Ϊ˵ԭǸǸ
ɫ
һۣղԣ˾˵ͽڻ˵
ָһϵϣƽǲǷʲôôͻȻôڣ
һ㣬ƽҲ޷ȷ
˽ѦڣѾݣӦòֻһ̨ô򵥡
ѦѾϤ
ߣѦҲûһͨʾõɡ
뷨ƽơ
ûشֽƯеĴſ档
Ѿһ̨ףѦڵĶ㻹òҪմ֡
ȵ̹ϲˣֻʣصĿƬǳ鴤Ҳŷۡ
ЩˣS׶ൽӡ
Щˣȴû
ڶЩָԼ
SףмУı
ݳޣ
ܼң
ɻҴš
ƺӲǮƽϣ
˲ˣֻһͷˡ
֮ڶͲ˹ʱ԰ǽӫһͶһ档
ݴǣΪ˻Ϲ˿ͣ԰Ƴۻ
оԺȻѾоֲΪоԺԺƽõܣԭļ۸ʵͷǳۣҲдˮ̡
ôȫիŸɡ
ʱ߬ȭƽ˵㿴ǣ
ԣƽϡ
壬²˶ۣãӽ쿪ʼһС
ϵͳղŷų߲ˣֲ࣬ĳɱҲͣοѾȫիУֵ𽥽ͣȣ߲˲ȫիҪ㡣
Ĵס
ǿ
˵;͡
ƽۣ۵ҧ
Ҳֵ
˵Ϊ˶·ѾֶαƿҲ
һΣֵȫի԰ɫˣ
뵽⣬¶ģҲų
ɷ裬ۡ
Цݽϣǲš
ѣ
˵ȫիǷͣ׬ǮǮ
顣
û
չǮôôϡ٣Ŀﶼû٣ȫիôܻкܶࡣ
ֻлÿôݣˣ
ȥÿ춼ǮͶ
ȻȫիôѪҲ档
ʱû˻ȫիʲô
뵽⣬̧ͷʱԭվҪŵĿˣкתȥ
Ц
ţѾ԰ȴûмʱ˵Ŀˡ
Ⱥߵ档
ۿţſЦ
û뵽ǣȻЦ˵
ô£
ȫիô
ŲСʱĹ԰Ŀˣһ룬֮ǰ嵽һ˶ûеȫիڼϯⱬ
ĶԱȣɫѿ
ϵЦͲһƿԵˣת˵ڡ
״Ļŭš
ƽ˵棬һףǸ֮꣬ǰվſ䳰ȷ㷴һ
˵꣬ɧ֪ƽϲЩҲ˵վſںС˭ó鳩졣
ƽû˵ʲô
Թһٷ󣬻ǡʱյӷֵϢ
߰ɣ
š
ƽһˣѲӸԴϽĵԸӣҪߣƺ޲ðһ·͵Ŀĵزſϰݡ
߰
ԴڶннԶ
뿪ȫիƽͻֱȥ˳ųڡ
֯ľԮӣȥϷıû̫
ͬģҲڶС
ʱϳʮֲˬ졣
ƽ΢һЩ
Ҳˣ˵ţͱñ꣬һ벻ףϯΪʲôȥѦץ
Ӧӷֽʲô仰ܴԹȴ
ĴҲܲ⣬תƽôһǵһɣ
Σ
ս˫ȭ
֪ÿμĻ޵ʢ
㿴ܻб򡣡
̣ų֪˵ɣ
һۡ
תƽ̫ˡ
ù޿̣ջģڱǰ˵һ㵱ҡ
˵žҪȭԱϽס
ӳˣǰ𡭡
Źδǻŭ˺Զ
ߵһճվ
ٿƽ
ϳ

 72 

ֱ, Ҳûл
, Ҳûȥĳ
, ĻѾ, ǵڷɳҡҷ
޵޺УźХĿ磬Զ
ƽڳ, ͻ, ӷַͶӰ
, һʮ˱ƵСӣϴŵķӡ³±
ʮжݣ֪, ʵǲ, һ·ԴѾ˿ʳ޵ʬ塣
ӳ, 춼, Ǹûȥ˰ɣ
Сӵļ¼, װڳ˵Ķͷ, ͶӰӽ, Ȼչ
ΪӳģһĻŮԡ
Ժβֹ˵ã֪ͨȥ, ׼̡
ܿüȵȣе㲻̫Ծ
Ծ
ԱĻû˵ꡣ
ͻ
ɺͫͬɭĹڰƯţĺȼ
𡪡
ѹŵĵͺҲգ۱鲼˷·һ˸߹һˡ
ͫΧƽʮ˵͸ס
ӳǡǡ
ͶӰʣ˼ҿ־ĴϢ
Ҫ˭ȥѣ˭ס
޳
ǾȻϢӽ
ӳǿάǣŭһͼѶѵĶ־жӣ
ͷʼһζ
Զ޳ƺӳѡ
һ̣ȴ޴ĺңңѹ޳ͷڷʩǲݷ񱼹
бܡ
ҶҡΣ涼𶯡
еȳϢԽԣŻܼĽŲֱѹſ̤˵ľѸٽӽ

̲ס󺰡
ֻͽ͡
һ˲
ʮ˱޳ûûֲ
ĺȴƳҹڻ졣
ȴƺָֻѰʱƽ
ֻƵӳƴ˻
Ϯһ
Ƶ󣬾ֻ˵˰ľ档
ͶӰϣӷַĸϢ
֧Сӷͻ꣬Ǽȥ˹ɽ±쳵̣ҪֲŸеͼޣθӣսȴ޵ȻγȥɱҪ¹
Ϊջ񲻹ԵȣԼᱻŶλĿꡣ
֧صƵ±ڻû˷֣˹ɽȻۼ޳
ƽǲʥǵΡ
޽ٵʶ
ǰ޳Ĺ·̶ʱȥǾѾôܸ˺
С
ƽ΢طһ顣


ƽͶӰܿͣ
òӢĶӳſ־ŭжӣ
˵꣬ԶĳƺѹһУԽ޳ͷ豸¼
ţ޳Ӧ
ʱͣ
ƽô
ƽʣ꣬û֣
ûС
䣬˵ֹʥݣʵһα޳³ؽôȡ
ʥǡ
ƽʳָ㡣
죬ûڶǽأûۿ޳ô׳ʥǵķĳͺͶӰͬС졣
ʣҲ뵽𣿡
ʥݣ˶ֳĳһ£ĿҲơ
š
ü˵޳ѵޣ
һֻޡ
ƽս
ȷû
ֻǣһֻ޽ãȶ
ͼ޵Լ½޵˽⣬Ҳ̫Ƭ档
̫٣񻹲ƶ޾ļ޾ʲô
ͶӰһֻû¶档
ֻжϣܵóۡ
Ψһ㡣
ǣôɱҪĴۣһǳʹ
ֱ16ֵĵһֻޣ½ǿ֣23ˣ˶ղ룬ֻա
ӷӦҲƵԲŻ˵½ҪһѵĻ
뵽⣬ƽûֱӻش⣬ֻõĽֻһֻ
ص㲢ͬʱ޳һ˿ϣ
ˣҡ
ƽҲһ˵ĵӰҲ¡
ƽתɱޣ
ûС
Ļشɴ̹Ȼƽʣʲô֤Ҳ£
Ȼûԥ
ҵ
ƽǳŵ˵һ쾭Ļһ֮ǰ
ƽ
մӴΣֱͳһƿˮݸƽ
תƻ⣺һֱûôúϢˮ֡
ƽֽ̧ӹȴû򿪡
ãſڣ㲻ǷʲôֻԺҪ˵ˡ
Ӧúܿ죺á
ƽһۣת˵·˰ɡ
ס
ֽ̽Ӳϻĳ¾ɸֱͦĶܵСʲô
ƽӿڴͳľ˻ûãܿҪսҰơ
ղһ˲ӿŵѪ˲䵹˻ȥ
ȥףĬԼ
ͻȻƽʣô
ֽ̧⿪ŦۣԴָ⣬˵ûʲô
ڶ̷䣬ڶǰ޽ǣȴڲס羰ȻĶ䱩¶ƽǰ
ȻƽϸѾ
ƽջߣ̧鰴ǰ
ѾȬ룬ٴˣעƫơ
ĿƽֱԽӽҵůƺԽԡ
Աۡ
ɫûƤѪܡ
⣬о޲ľ˿ڡ
֮ǰһεʹ༸ԺԲƣԡڼֱԴԴϵܵůУƽͣһ˯
žʯƽ̽ƣֱãջؾ
̹ͣЪȶܣ˫ۡ
ƽ˵˯ɣһΡ
ȰƽɣҲ˯ˡ˺ܺľҽƶͺá
ҽƶƻˣЧʾߡ
ο˵ԭ
ƽûҪ
ǡ
ƽִ̧Ļˣô¡
ΪѣǺðɡ
Ȼʣˣ㿴ҵȬ𣿡
ĽⲢţֻԵĿ޵۾Ҳܴ覴á
ƽֻһ۾ջߣں󱳡

Ҫѡ
ƽһ仰ִȬˡ
ԭأʹֻĬĬϵŦۣٲһë̺ƽϣſʼһ⡣
ҹɫ
Хķӹĵóڰ͡
ƽ˯ҲȵĲ

Ϊ˺ķ˴ƣ񾭣ƽѾ硣
Ŀϸһ飬ŷŵαһ¡
ƽ
ʱѾǵڶ硣
ѵûӽѡ
Ҳûп⺰𴲣ۣ˵һɣû
ƽûлش⿴һۡ
ڽӽɽ
·ԣֻʣ֦ɵĴָƣѹѹһƬͷԵʮѹ֡
ճƵķ羰Ѹпԡ
֪ЩʲôֵƽĿתʲô֣
ѾһΣϣ״
²Ը

ƽĻ
棬мɲ𶯡
ǴģƶĶԴʻУʮֲײ
ŶƵУܿ촫
ϮȫԱ䱸
ͣ£
ʱڣصϻס
ƺȻ졣
ʱԶڵ޳Ѿǰ
ɻûȴҷӦһɫӰŻ쳤ѾƳգֱֱ˹ȥ
䣡
Өľ춯أβһ·ͺݺ˵޳У磬֮ո޵
±ϢѸ
Ҳһ˪
ԭصˣöһ
ǵڴıӰǲԼͬʿˮ
ôġ
ų죬ܲǵӡ     

 73 

;޳ǳ, ģܿɹۡ
˵, ޻ڰ췢Ϯ, ҹǵ
ҲΪһ, ڻ֮ǰ˶ûע⵽ԶĶ
СӣҲ֮
Żεض, ҲѸա
ʱ, ƽȺ, ӭȺ
ڳ󲿷ˣͻնɱֻ޵磬Ȼ֪ʵ֮ǿƺ, ǰʱ, Ϊס
ε˻ûкȫҲڸ
Ҳרʦ, ʦûڶʱڻָ
ֻء
ڼһ, ȻԳȺ, һߵġһΪԼȻĻеġ
ָԵ, ԥƽ
, ˻ûðɣҪҪȥһѣ
ڹε
ۼƽͻ£˻ӤƵһ
ǹϵôܣƽôȡ
ûҪ
Σ
ǻ

ƽĻش𣬺ѻϵĮ̬ȡ
̡
ȴ̲סЦ
ɱǧĻ
Ҳһ죡
ƽﴫЦӳ
̻
ɫ, һ˵ʲôô˵ҲǸԱķ
˵ţӽǣתķ
ͼʵƽı뷨ȥһѡ
һת
ѾȺһڡ
Ө͸ıɫ۹ӳ貶ĿĹ⣬ڵͿձߣ׷ſޡ
ɡ
Ա
γĬˡ
˼˵ûҪ
޶ԼȣģûҪ
ʱƵﴫԱĺȡ
Ҫ֧Ԯ
׼꣬ƽת򣬺ƽȫ٣˲󲿶ӣӡ
λȫӣƲȥɨս
ߣ
Ѿ̨ĺɫףǿ֧ŵĶԱ۾һϽźŲΣƽӦ
һƬ
һĪֲϵޡ
ʱʱ͵Ϯ߶ʱֽš
޵˻ҲԵüɲ
ѹѹľҰޣͫ˸ѪĹ⣬ſѪڣƻǿĹ
ڷɵУڵ滬еĴûǷһϡ춯ͷƤ顣
ɫӷΧûҹСеֵء
ֻǣҲǿˡ
̲סٴθߺ
񣡡
ƽѾˡ
ûͷܡ
ֻףܿǼ޵ɨǰʾڹͼֱ㡣
򸲸ڻը
󣬶Աû˿ԥ
ǣ
ܿ죬ϵԴںţ
ͬʱƽлֲףȡˮϵʯڵ̿һ㷺ˮϸ
ըĻ̡࣬
쳹ɽȣ޷׷ŭ
ζ׵ķ϶
ԱϲǴ̽׼ȷҵֲϵ޲ĵص㣬Ȼһ۾жϳˣ
Եڻը׼ͷ൱Ҫ޼
޵Ĺûͣǵڻ£滹ȼŵ֦֡ৡջأֻصصףӹһ١
ϸĵ˿һĻѿڶҪˣ
Ȼ£ͿˮϸѹŲ졣
޲Ƚףˮս
𡪡
ʱһֻһֻޱԭأͽͺУԽˮյԽ
ȳѪܿȾԭɫˮ⡣
û͸Ĳױûǣƽ΢
һ̣ϸȻסûջصĴ֡
̽صףס壬ɱ
̱紵ɢ
OO@@Ҳͬʱɢ
ŽѾʧȥĴ֣ԱĵǾ塣
Ŷá
쳣ѲֲϵޣȻôϢıȫɵ
ǻվֱġ
ֵǣŸʲôﻹޣϰ
һ仰˵ꡣ
ͿԭֻڵƯϸȻںϣˮǵأѵ޾û
ƽ׼ա
ˮѹͽոΪϢޡ
ⳡɡ
һһˮϵߣ״Ҳͷܣ˵һֻޣѧȴҲ޷ˮա
ûа룬޴ˮѳ׼ףŭŷһɫϸ
߶һȡ
ֻǿĽƤȻе¡
ٿƽ˵ܵƿôҪôǿľ
пš
ԶȻһ졣
䡪
һԶڵѣĢƼֱʣ
Ⱥ̼ըһڡ
Ѫɣը
ҲڱըҡΡ
ΪĵĳڿеĻ׶Ʒɳȥ
ƽһˮܣܿܿƷ˵ĻףԶȥ
Ǳըķ
öԴڵķ
һ̨ɫĻףڿͣ
۾öڵҲԿӦòơ
Ȼƽע⵽ģļֵǳơ
ҲȻΧѾ˾

ô˭棡
ۣѾųƽԡ
ڻųʶԵġ
ǰ˸Ͻжӣȥɨս
Ѿ䣬ԴĿ־壬ǸŸǼޣת·ԵĴУٺ
һ̬ûȥ׷
ͨƽ˽Ƶǲ
ƶ
ƽȷʵǡ
ִ꣬ѦڣҲ˵˽⡣
̨ףֻＫơ
Ҳɹ̨ʲô·ðƽҿҲųӡ
ͬһʱ䣬һİŶͨѶ
³Ŷεˣ̧ͬ롣
Ӻ󣬶Է̳ǻųȥ֧Ԯ±İɣҲǣܲһ߰
ᡣ
˵ŻԶĺɫҲڽ䡣
ȱ죬ǻĻųǱ𳳣
Ǽ֪ں˭˵
üҪؾԷ˵
ؿһ¡֮ǰȺòײŽԴһ룬ֻƾеԴأǵĻ׼ֲ±ˡ
ǵĳϿգȷл׷С
ƽأ
ƽѾ˶Էӵı־˹ŵˣǼɡ
˹Ǻͬע֮һҲڴţûػκε³ǣɣйദ
ʶ˹ųȴʶˡ
̫ѣܲϲ
ںͱ˼ĵһ룬ʼڡ
Ϊ˸սᣬƽĵһۣ۷Ź⡣
㣡˵ôôйϵʲôˣ֪𣿡
ȫûƽشĻᡣ
˵˷˿ȻȥˣԶţôһͺԵʽڿʼҵˣ
ظĵ졣
˿ûע⵽
ԣųɫʮֲѡ  

 74 

ȵ, ҽܡ
, ֻЩ, £
һԴ, ̶̧ͦͷɫų, ˹ŵǵϡ˹, , ְλӳָ̣
˹ء
գЩ죬ֻһʱ
, ˹ӳͷ, ƽ࿴Էһۡ
ǵϿᣬ಻ᳬʮһꡣ
ʮ, 沿ӵе, Եÿ, ɫͷɫĵø, 촽Ļ, ˫ɫ۾Ҳ˸ŸĿɡ
ͣ˲żüõ˹ո¶ͷǣȻֻࡣ
ǵЦˬʣŻ´, ִм͵Ŀɰ±£þڸų֮ǰҲ˵ܻ·ǣû뵽ôɣ
Ȼӿ˵Ŀɰ
ǲĵĮ̻һ죬һᰲһϢ
ǵƺ׼˿û̬ˡ
òã֣鷳ˣͺãеط£Ѿܸмˣ
仹ƽգգۣãܺѺúġ
Сɫʱڳɹס
ɻѾ˵߳ѾֱܲܰӸ³
ô
ǵѾԹ£̾ղſ֣̫ˣȻǻųһˣܵȺǰֻƵ￴ķɣۼˡ
വڻԣ̫ϡƽ
ǵҲһ㣬ǻһתƽЦʣλܵĲٿҶôˣǲ֪ûң֣
עƽϵЦƺȾͫʣӢףڴ档
ְˣûڵıҪ
ƽ档
ǵϺȻ˵ԭǼ棡
ƽ⡣
˹ûнפ³ǣǵҲûκνôԷģʶƵġ
ǵϺܿΪ󣺡Ƶͻųɾɱֻޣֱ˼飡
˵⣬ƽȤ£Ҳ̽ϰǰ㣬ͼһ㡣
ʱЦһЩ·ĻЩݡ
Ǹ֪ǲŵһμ棬Ҳ̫˽ңǣȤɴ𣿡
ԣɫ΢
Ҫڣȴƽܿ촫
Ǹд
ǵ㶡
ĸϢ棬һǿŵġ
û뵽ôǿôᣬȴôѡ˴ѡ
ʱ
Ĵ˭𣿱ʵǿ𣿱֣Ҫ
ҡ
ǵϣ
ˡ
ƽûڣҲû˵仰˭شģͷҪתѾס
Ȼˣǲܾġ
ǡһЦֻԼղʲôû˵ԭѾ˴ųӦȫʺϵĴѡǿǿ֣ʵ̫ˣ
һۡ
ǵϸϽתƻ⣺棬㳤ĺ𣿡
ǡ
ðɡ
ǵϰʧϣָúܿ죬ǹԼݳ̫ˣҲ˴Ǯģﶨһ̨ףҾһйͬ⡣
˵ûûˣûת⣬ĵװֱ³ͷ
ּܿ£ˣ֮ǰִʱҲ߹·Ƭ򣬻ŲȺһʱ䣬ǿܸϲ±
·ͣͣм仹Ҫɨս˳ͨУԤٻҪʱŹ
лǿ̰ҲǿԵġ
ֻ仰ǵûֱ˵
꣬ƽ½ط޵ķֲѾİ

ֿǵһۣŶƽ˵ϽȺʱ䣬һ㹻ˡ
ǵϣ
֮⵽ıģʮܡ
ڰ
Ĵڣƽ˵ҪϢ㻹ûлָղŲòս
ƽֻҲûгȬ
򴽣¡
ڶǵϣ
һûָ
һûá
Ǹղűݵһ·˭أ
뵽⣬ֿƽ
òҵһŷͬˣԷȴѾ˴
ǵ˫ֽա
¾ġ
ɣǿԵģ
ڽȺϮУÿÿƽǵϾ͸
Ϊ׵˹ųԱҲͼǰֳԼʵ
ǲ뱻ᣬͬʱҲΪ˸лһαȶ
ӦǶӳ̫Եʡ
֧ӣսǳҰ׳ʱսһȻ
оǵͷ
Ļڿ·ɣĻʮ㣬ϵܸȻֶΣĴӿըѵĻҫأݺѹޡ
ģ±˵ķ
׼ȷ˵ƽķ
ϵܼ˶һ˿롣
ƽڰͣ
ǵϹȻʵףԺȫʢʱڵĹ
ޣºлֵ
ǹִŶԻ׵ľ׼ҫһЩʵļɣı֣Ӧûڸӳʡ
ȻԪϼӳλãⷴõóֵ
ϸ˵ҲĵսʵȲǰʮͷӳ
ֻǡ
ͬʱڵĻȣǵȴԶԶ硣
۷ӦܵĲٿأϡ
αǵϵס·ߣƽѾͣ֡
ʱǰǻͲı
ֻʮĻ
أƽ΢ü
սз
ִɣô᷸
ûж롣
˼ƽԵҰףһԲӦ

 75 

ǵϡ˹صĹ, ±Ҫһʱ, ʵϵ³ǵʱ, ˵һ춼
ʮһСʱ
Ϊ֧Ԯ, ƽͻ·˷̫ʱ䣬δϮδγ֡
³ǵͼʶ˵ʵ, ʲô쳣, ˹ŵĳԱǵһκ, һοƽͻɱ۷
ιУǵϺܿսʱһ˿ſҫ
ڸ˽ѵķʽ
ˣ̽Ұɣ
ս³, ûü±Դ, ǵϾ׷ƽһ̲ͣ, ƽķô, ôģײֱˣ
츳, ʵսһ, ƽֻϰ
ǵϿ, ƽǰ˵ôҾ˾һһС»֪Ϲٴսɣϰ㹻ˣֻȱļɡ
ʱ, ±ĳѾӭ
ųɫ̫ˣڵˣ
ǵվһԣͿһ
ͲֺֻǼͻһУʣ֪λǣ
ǵЦҽǵϡ˹أ˹ŵӶӳͻųһ˵֧Ԯ񡣡
˹ŵĴ۾һԭ˹ضӳ
賿ڻ죬Щ޶࣬ƽһۣǰ
ʱ䣬޳ʲô
æ󣺡ûʲô̫Ķһ˹ɽ̫Զ޳ûзΧĵ³ǡ
˹ɽΧĵ³ǣֻ±һ
Ƭʱľսƫƫ޳ɽƺûйǵ˼
ƽûȥС飿
ǵϣᣬЩλǣ
ƽ棬ҵĴ
Ĵ
ǲ
㶣䲻Ѿȥ꣬ҵǶ˶񣬻˵˹ȥһɣڸղŲѾ޳ټλϳ·ϸܡ
ôõ·ǵҪӦƽ
ˣ˵
±û⵽ڰȫھ
ʶ⡭
Ͱ˵
ŵ˵ͷõġ
̧ԱǶＸ䣬Ȼ뼸˵һ¡
ʱԱѸٴһʱء
ȥ󣬳ַܵĹסߣȻֻųʵʱصͶӰ
ǵϲƽʾ⹮Ҳǰϸ۲ͶӰڵ޻
Ƶ˻ӽǡ
ⱻ֪쳣еıҰ޲ģεķ˻ڸ߿ͷڹԱĲٿ£ϷŴ档
ܿ죬顢鲼ɽӳڳ
ͬʱ
ӡп걩޲ͬ˹ɽеȺȮϵȺ
ǹģӴ󣬴֣˹ѩˮƺƵͷһǰ
˻ɵùߣ޷¼ƵʵʱصͶӰĪİ
Ҳס
ڸղŵõϢҲǵһοһĻ
ûĳûôޡ
ƽͻ⣬ڳ˶кһģһ뷨
ǵü
ʱֳһŶӳе̫ˣѾܳܵļޡ
ˮǰ
սḻֳ棬ҲͷƤ飺ϱˣҪ֧Ԯ
óعɻֽţؿ
Ѿ¼Ƶ͸ӷ֡
֮תƽһƵ޳ģ
ٶ֮죬ƽԤϡ
һ·ûκε³ǱϢѾµ޳Ķ
ֻû뵽ԵģǽһֿܵĹģ
֮ǰ۶Ϸֱô꣬ûĳ޳ƽƽ
ҳǰķ򡣡
䣬ƽԻ֪ͨȥȫԱ׼
ֿѵΣ޷
ڴ󲿶Ӹ֮ǰʩҪӻǰٶȣԱ֯ڳ롣
ԣסȴûͬ⡣

ΪĳĬƬ̡
ܿ죬̧ɨԣȥҪ̸
ɣֻ࿴˿ת뿪
Ż֡
ƽ˵ʲô
֪˵ʲô
ǰ̤һƽ纮̶˫Ҳͬ⡣

ȴҲĵ
֮ǰĲ²ûд
޳һֻ
뵽һ㣬ĵ׶ȻӿĲûָⷢ
㲻ָ£ݺȭƵ⣬Ҳת˲ѪܣȻ֫ٺ
ƽ
һΣ¡             

 76 

ƽŻ
֪Ҳ¡
͵̧ץסƽֱۣѾһ, ѵҪһ
ƽ, ܹã
˵ֻҪ, Ͳ¡
ƽ˶١
֪ڵʲô
Ϊ֪, ѵЩĬ
ܲµģȻҲܡ
޳ڣܺ޵ĺò
һֻոս, Ҫͬھܽ, һ, ա
ǰ
ȻǻΪǰ
µƽҲ֪ôת˭˵ȥ˾һ
ͶӰֻ֮࣬žͷƤ, ľԮȻ, ȴֵܵס
Ļޣѱ, Ҳ޷ȥǡ
һ, ϶׶༪١
˵ǲȥ, һᡣ
ƽְס󣺡, Ѿˡ
ֱ
֪, ƽ£ٸġ
ɼԵδ֪գĵײԽӾ硣
ƽûȷ᲻ޣЩֻǲ²⡣

, ɿڣҪȥҪҷֿ
á
ŵûû׷
ղţ񾭸Ĳı˪һ̿ʼѾ̤ս
߰ɡ
ƽ⡣
κǵϣ±ĳվȺ
ΧжԱʲô£ﲻȥϢֻø԰ڵ̸ΧһʱЩӡ
ǵиչҶͨ
˳ǰһ
ҪڣĿһ֪ʲôͻȻ㶡
ƽ״˳Ŀߣŷֻֻûɿ
ӡ
ʱˣλܲ΢һ㡣
ôҲô˿ء
ȵҲ治ɫջ֣ԳǾʯĿ棬ȫ͵
ҵͿʼ粿¡
ʱʣǣ
Сʱ׼ʱ
Ҳµ
ʶһԡ
صͶӰĻ澡סǰǸֳǿɲһĻ
ųͻȻʣ޳ǲС
仰û˵ꡣ
ȴδɻ󣺡пǣпܲǡ
ο˫һ䵭ĺУҳһĵ׵ľ¡
ûС
ƽ࣬ͦΣȻˣԽǰѺ⡣
ܲԸϣ򶨵Ļȷùζ
ɫ˿תƽ桪
ֻ˵֣ΰѾⶣοȫ˻ȥ
â¶Ļƽĳȴݣ·ڹ
㶿ϤӢϤ飬ǰԼֳһ˵Ӱӡ
š
ƽҲΣⳡ̣úܼѣȥ
仰ùȻ
㱼ǰ
ͻƽӻڳ룬ֻݣƽ䡣
ɵƽ̹һΡ
˵ʲôأҵȻȥˣûһӣ
ǵվһԣ˵˹ҲӲӣһһȥѾųϵˣڸϹ·ϡ
ƽףû˵ʲô
ⳡǰδе޳ģѣγ½ꡣ
ʱѡֻ·һ˹дͷȻӡ
ʱյӷֵƵͨѶ
ϯֱͨڱܣһɫϡ
֮ŷųͨͶӰ
ӷ£ƽͷЩҡ
˯бϢѣݡ
˷һսټ³ڵҲ㳲Ѿ·ϣҲٶȸϵʱһҪ޳£
ҪΣڶ̶ʱĲѾѵ³ǵİȫԺ
û뵽޻ôࡣ
ڵǵɫҪס
˵ס
վԵƽӷ˵棬ҪסҵİȫҪǧҪСģ
ƽ˵ӽڷġ
ӷֵɨһԣѶ˵ǻ±𣬺ܺãϵ˹ɽҪʱ䣬ΧѾе³Ӧټǳǻ½ǻͣⲿˣúá
˵꣬ټ콻˼䣬͹Ҷͨ
ͻȻ£ӷȻ룬Ҫ£Ȼֱ࣬Ǻʱܡ
֪Ԯ·ϣŵҲһЩ
סȥ֪ͨҡ
֮ǵҲתȥˡ
Сʱûʲô
ƽһۣתߵһԣԱ˵˾ʲô
꣬æȥ˶
أһ󣬲ߵƽߡ
Ķƽʣʲô
һöˮϵʯ棬ƽֻ֣䣺ʹܣҪӴý飬ֲ̫ΣգڣܷһЩ
һ㣬ƽû
ſֻ
ɫ׹žʯȴǾӨ͸ĺ
֪ʲôԷתı㱡䣬ʯƽϣڵƹʡ
ƽŵܣΧ̸ʪ
á
ָ⻹Ѿۺ׹
ֱϸƽĵ¶ȣһ·̵ĵס
ֻ᲻ɿ
𣿲ĻҰٵ
ƽܺʡ
ֻҪһڣͲڻ
˵һ㡣
ƽһۡ
š
ʮӺ󣬳Ҳ֣ûиһ뿪
ܻҪִ֡
ˣѵ³ڵľʯͿգȫ͸˻
ŰѾʯת͡
ʻ֮ǰõƽ
Ҫҷֿ
ֵ̧ǰȴַ£ֻظ֮ǰ󣬡»Ҳ㡣
ƽĶ
ûпڡ
ӵĳĬûսָ
㡪
á
ƽĻشѹ
һֿ̧̣סڻ
ʱӲֱͦһҲٶ
ƽĺս
ֻж¶ȣ˿̽Ű
ЩΪֻΡ
ƽܿɿ
Եӵֻһ˲
󾱵ůͻȻ뿪Ŀֽ˻
ָ⣬ЩڸղžȻֻŷ
ƽûע⵽
û򣬲Ҫ˵¡
ɡ                        

 77 

ƽͻ˳ûж, ֵĳ޳Ӱʹš
±ع, Ҳûгϡ
ηټ״̬ǳ, ³ָܲƵ, ԭسǵţ컹ûװٸ
ЩһĶ£ôס, ӷҪӦǵ, Ҫ˵, ڿͷö
ͨѶƵҲ·Ϣ
ͳͳûᡣ
Щ£Ȼ
ڣ, ȫǳǰ, ƽͻӵ
ܿͻսӦ, ǰȫĶսԲ, ȻƲס, ǻƽĵĴ, ϯȫĹ¡
ǡ
Ǹô찡ʱֱӴ˻̫, ô࣬Ӳ򲻹ǲֱӴĻǻ᲻ˣǹȥûǲǡ
Գʼ
ǵϵһҲûס¡
ҪԵΣգŵֻ뵽һһմ̼, Ѫڡ
ʱֻһ֧ǻͣ³Ҳ٣ǲǶˣ
׼ڣûû˵⵲סɫͣ
ʱǵͻȻע⵽ʲôһ棬ϴʲô
һԵĹ翴һڵ׵ɫһ·Ϻ˵ǵ仰ʶ˳Ŀ⿴ȥ
һ
ᱡ貵ıǳ˭ֱʣƲƲ졣
ȥ±ʱûС
ƫҪߵﶼ
뵽⣬Щˬ
ʮ꣬ջʵڳҪ
ȻԼûɻ֮ǰǰֳһƽģȴڼƽʱ̬ȴ䣬ºûȥƽֶżڡ
Ҳ˼档
ֱĹΣ
ƽǰİ
֪͸ų翴Ŀ׺ͻϾ
һߣת۹ȥ
ϹŹֵߣü£
һƿ۲һ䣺͵ųʱôûôᡭ
仰ͷһɫȥƽĲ
鵭ƺûƵĺ޷Ӧŵֻʧ
֪ƽھʲô˼
ǰӵոպãŶðһ
ǵû幮εĻɻʣӳղ˵ʲôųôˣ
֪οеųָƽȻȻΪ˵ų
ûҳת˵û˵ʲôڲ£ε޳᲻ޡ
ǵ˫ۣޣ
æԷûı飬֪²ⲻǹζУһʱ
ֱֹֻΡ
һε´½ǿ23ˣһεսƽʡ
ÿһγ֣Ҫһ޿صĴˣһΡ
ǵϲɷϣԼڲ
޳½ֵܵ
ɳ޳ټһֻأ
ֹڲǵֱһӽŵ׵ѪҺ̡
ƽЩ⡣
±ͶӰǵϻһǰߣôֻᵽ޵֣ŵɫ԰ס
Ҳû뵽Լһ仰ǵ³
ε˵ҲͲ²¶ѣܵ棬˵û¶ء
ǵҡҡͷΪĲ²ݡޣڻ⣬һѡ
˵һΡ
޴ݻ˽³ǵǰоģ֮űնɱ
նɱˡ
ٿأƽ΢
ǵϣڼǵϡ˹ΪʲôеϤ
̩ա˹ء
ǵնɱһ֧޵ǿ֮һҵǣնжɥ
ƽ˵̩ա˹һӣڿǵϡ
ǵ˵ûðų˼ĳޣųҪоԸôһ鲻ȥ޳
ˣ
ǵһ㶣ʲôֻ˵ҵƲ⡣
Ȼ£ûҪЩƲ⡣
ǵ㶡
һЦ˵ų˵öԣĳޣˣ
ƺ࣬ٺ١һΪȥսģҵżһΰ󡣡
һԵĹβƤ
СӼʻļðαӰѲµż˭ôȵĳߣҲǵһμ
ƽĸҲ࣬ż񡣡
ǵգգۣô֪Ұ˭
Ҳܿʶǵϡ˹أ̩ա˹㸸ף
ǵʱڨڨ˵ǡ
ȴû̫ԺɫΪȥҾ˾ˣŲҵż񡣡
ԣƽһļоĹ
֣ǵüͷ˵ԣҾ˾˶ǣ
˵⣬ͻȻ˾˵Ļס˵ǸҪܣҲܸǡ
ƽϸϸı顣
оģǵɫЩӲҲڲزסʹޡ
֮ǰᵽ˾ˣȴû衣
֪̩ա˹ǲûͬʱˡ
ߣǵ˵˶ΪоĹ
Ϣƽעص㡣
Ϯоģоȫ٣³оԱҲȫɥоԺԴϢ
ȴǵϿе֪оڣٻľ˾˻ϡ
оԺȻѡ
ڽʱǼоҡ
Ѧоʲô
оԺʲô
ƽֿǵϡ
ǵ֪ʧԣѾת⣬˵İգоĵ񻹲ϣȫûƽʱЦģ
ͻȻҲЩ̫ϰߣҲ⿴һۡ
ůһЩֽ¡
ŰĲɳѩɫ
ǳɫ棬Լɼſ
ڳڣҲܴӵƵķУǵĺ⡣
·ԵĴ֦ҡҷ趯ĹӰǼֻѩиųӿ񱼣һ˫˫Ѫͫķ羰ɫ١
ĳ˲ϲ
κܿջߡ
⣺ӼϹǻͣٻҪʱ䣬֮ǰҪֱӿ𣿡
³йԮĶ飬սβ룬ûʱĥϣָһô򵥡
ֱӿ򣬿ܻȽ鷳
лڣʵԭʲô£ǣⳡ̾ͱƻøȫ
ƽ
ƽԮִ֮ǰ潻սܱɧΪıнķ˹
ε˵ͷʣǲӰأ
Һͻڡ
ƽ˵صġ
μֱͦ
Ļ
̫Ϥˡ
ƽ·Ĵݲȣһδʰ־
Һͻڡ
ֱۿȡ
仰˺ܶΣ˿̴ӼҲĵ鲻Խӿġ
һ㡣
ϤľӴߡ
Ϊųص
εͷã˵
Ǿ鷳ˡ

 78 

ǰ˹ɽ;, ûκγ͵޳
ǽᡣ
Ĺؼʱ, ˶֪ҪԵʲô
˹ǰ, з·ѾᵽȺȳζ
ɫ, Ҳƾ˼ѹ֡
ʱӻͣ¡
Ҫ˷׷³, Դϵȫжյء
ɽ, ƽֻø³ǵ½ϵλ, ;Ѹ
κǵҲֱ˳ȥ١
һԳѾܿɽתƽ޻ûж
ƽûпڡ
±ѾȥʮСʱ, ޳˿ûɽϮĶ, ܷ
οǳ֮󲻾ã˹Ͽ豸ͱ, ȥС, ҲȫϢж硣
ƽԭΪڸϵǰͻᱬս, һ·, ȴȵù졣
ιŹֶģ޳, ȡľ飬Ѿȫʧȥá
쳣Ҳйעⳡս۵ľս
ӷڼ伸κͻϵ϶ƣɫ
Ѿܶսе൱һѹָ
³ǡ
, ĵĲ޳᲻ᵼµ³Ƿ˳룬غ
ӷ飬û߳ģΪ˶ܿ
¸أ˲Ҳûֳ̫ӡ
û߿ֻ࣬˶Ը޵Ⱦ飬͹
ƽͻ³ַƵͨѶ롣
Ѿˣ
š
̧ɽ¼ͶӰ
ӷüͼ޿ѪѾôǲŲϢֱδţʲô뷨
˵ȡ
ӪҲѾȥ
ŵӣսһûжûԸɽȥ
޵Ȼ˫⡣
䣬Ԯϵ׵
ֻ˵ȣ˵һȥ̽·
ԣӷֳĬƬ̣֪֪һɽжôΣգ
ƽһԣҲȥ
ƽӷ㶣Ц棬㻹СȻʵڣǡ
ûȥ˵ʲô
ƽһɽҲ
˽˵
ϣƽ¡
֮ǰ±ĶԻĿ˶٣Ҳͬ⡱ĺֻʻ
תʣɽ˭أ
Ρƽ㲻ڣߣס档
ô죿
ƽ˵ǵϴɽԭصȺԷһ
ٷʡ
֪ƽ˼·ٶ࣬ҲֻǸ˽ƽļƻƽľ
ͨѶһˣӷֿͶӰĻ棬ĵ׸Ĩȥɻ
ʲôԸ˽ⲻ
ƽκõģҲû棬ƺӼ濪ʼ̬Ⱦʮ֡
֮ǰԴƽ屻Ѧڴ³Ǻ󣬿ƽĻȻĪͷԽߵƽ֮ͼĹϵͻͽ
ֱ˼
ֻǣżܿƲסƽ
࣬ٿƺʣƵ˼㡣
˵Լ̬ȣҲò뵽Ļƽ
뵽⣬̾˿ؿ͡
ϧսû̫ʱ俼Щ˽£˵ɽ̽·ҾûҪһ£Ҳ֪ҵĵʲô˹ޣˣȥԸ𣿡
һ䣺ʦҿ԰ԺҪôܿ
ӷǳĬ
Ȼ̽Ҫԡ
ɽϾ̫Σա
½Ψһϣһи̸̣ʲôԺ
ǺƽҲһ˶Ըޣô̫ð
˵⣬ӷȣҰϹͷѾˣҵǿԴȥ̽·
Ȼٿڣ˵޵û˱Ҹ˽⣬֪ʵǿᣬҵһǻҪ֪ԴӺƽ֮ڵĴ½ʧˡ
һ仰˵꣬˵ʦҲһˡ
ֻһˡ
ӷʶƽ
û뵽ʵôϿɡ
Ȼ˹ͬնɱֻޣǺ֮Ĳ࣬һһڶô򵥡
޵һոճĺӣ
ɻжϣҲŻĵ
ӷֲ˵˵̽װֻΧͱ䣬Һͼ棬Ҳܹɽ
ӷԥãҪôûأ
ǡ
ӷֽüͷ
ʦ޵ʵҵʵҲ˽⣬ƽ꣬Ϊڻڳ룬ѺԿ򲻹ҲһݱܷâҺͼһɽʹܽ鷳ҲΣա
λӷɫ΢΢ÿһЩ
|֣ͬȥĺѣֻ˻»ҲˣҲز۷״̬
ǳս󣬼Դ½һʤɶԣǳ׵׵ĲҰܡ
ΪĵѾһƬȥӰ
ȥ޿⡣
ƽԡ
ôҲһԡ
츳ʵȵꡰնжеκһλ۷ʱڶǿ
ðգʵܹһԡ
οѾ˵⣬ӷ֪Ȱֻ˵ǡСģ
ס
ӷϸϸ䣬ųŹҶͨѶ
̸䣬ƽѾϵΡ
ͨѶҶϣ̨׾Ѿ͵ǰ
ǻıҲƽʱӵеSͺŻס
̨רͻס
Ըߣٶȿ죬ǳڸ߿շС
ŹǵԾԾԣҪȥ˹𣿴һ
ȴݺü棬ͻҪɽ̫Σˣ޳Ŀǰһ֪˵Ҳȥðգһȥ
ʱ³ç
˵Ҳʶһ㣺ܱǵȥҪá
ǰĹΣӲƽľ
ƽ򿪻׼ʻգԿһۡ
αİȴϤ񿴵úһͣš
Һͻжᵼǰսó׼
ʶӦǡ
ƽͻԶȥıӰ˼һ顣
һĵĲ²⣬Ժﻺ͡  

 79 

ƽ뿪ʱûע⵽ε
ڳǰ, ȷϹϵľʯ, һ׼ʻա
ĸ
̨ԼǿĻƵ, ƽڹͼϱ, Ȼװ¼ͼʵʱضˡ
ͬĲ
Ŀ, ˰εض
ע, ׼, ѾʮңԶ㵭ɫľӨĤת˲Ǽƺ߹ߣϢ
߽ʱ, ͶӰͬʱ˳
˹ɽȻǰ, Ի׵ٶȣʵҲҪٰСʱʱܸϵ
ʱ, ͶӰֻʣԷ
µϸС羰, ڷʱԵģ塣
̨ûлڵļԶ, ھԵʵǰ, Ƕû˿˼, ں˸űâУƳգһǰ
εĿֱֱƽͶӰ
ƺ̨ҳκϤľӰӡ
ֱֱļۣûᡣ
һӣӵ, ǻֵͼԶ̲ٿز֡
ǵҲѾӳ
ΪƽͻԮ£棬ûþ͵˱˳ظȥ
ûͻ׵ܣǵٶҪһЩ
Ϊǰ죬·϶ûޣԸԳͨ˹
ǵҵλԭصȺʱκܿ쿴ʵʱصķ羰仯
ƽͻҲͬʱٶȡ
ǰѾ޵Ӱû
ڿݰܵĴ£ȻֻǼԽɣԽܼ
ٴͬʱŴ豸ıڸع۲޳Ķ
ֻǣ޳ûж
ڴ±ǰǻڸɽ£ٿƶСΧѭ
ÿʮ룬Щ·ʧȥѪԵ޾ͻǰ£һξ롣
Զ˭ҲǵȴܿǵĽŲһ㽹ꡣ
ƽͻûн͸߶ȡ
ΧɨһȦٴ٣ȺΧ£Ĵ
Ȼʱ򣬽ԭⲽ޺Ȼÿ񱩣
ͻȻ֮䣬̷ͷ̨ס
ַصŭ˷˻ۣᴩɽ˫ɺǵͫգ溧ˡ
ﴫѡ
עϮ
ҪҰĳĴѸٿ
ƽɨһۡ
ޡ
ȼߣȴʤӴ
Ϳķƺƾճ֣๴ţ¶ɭѪŲëĳ򣬲Ҫĳ̹
һȦûз϶ơ
ǵأΧס
ڶĤļ񺿽˷ýθﷺᣬͷʹ̡
óɱʽǳЧ
Ѱ޳ҪôѾ㹻˵
Լ˵ĸ߲㣬վԶ³ǵģԽۿʵʱصͶӰһĻλȥ룬Ҳ̲סͷƤһֱϴ
ֹģĳ˭ֵܵ
ɫɰ˰ףʶתӷ֡
ӷȣޱ顣
Իʵоġ
ҲʱͶӰͻȻһը졣
æתߣƽصͶӰ﷢öԴڵ
Դʮ㣬ȴסݲҪˡ
ļССȱڣֻһ˲䣬ͱ
·ŭ쳹ɽ֣ͷܼķ£
·ƽͻ޴ܣֻӲ
ƬϢĵȴ
ͶӰˣѪ·ߣ˺Σա
⡪
ۿ˾Ҫݳײ˺ǣֻʣѪⱩ¶Ѫ֮¡
̲סڡ
ûתͶӰǻһ
βԴڡ
ǻϵܡ
źХҡҷʱ̨ڶ
ҫȵĻ࣬ƵΨһӰӡ
ţǱɫˣ
ûݷڵĲݽ˲ʧȥ
ֱصĴ̹Ǻ˪ƺ͸ͷƶſǰķ׻ɳȥ
õıֱֱ׹䡣
ûأȻѣ΢ɢǵɳ
գ۵ĹΧһȦԻĿռ䡣
Ȼת
ȴûһ
һ̣ȵĻվ£
һֻʵʵĽɫڻϿջ֡
ۿУΧһ㱻ŤĿ˿Խ룬źһ𣬽ƣ֮Ű
ţһöд͸ʡ
ֻ˫һӿգм佫Χ޻Ϊ̿·𲻷Ѵ֮
һһ
߸ռգȴĺг
Ρ
Ĭ˼¡
㶿ǰĻ棬һʱסˡ
ϵҲˡ
ȥ˹ɽ̽·
ȻղŴҸԽţȴҲ̶ֳ֪ȵΣգڻ˵Ǽ֣̫⡣
ҲͲǻˡ
ɣܽϵܷӵֵزˡ
ʶԷľɲ
ֱ߶಻ʤûκαĴϵҲܳ
ֻܰѻϵܵӵͻµĻϵߣȴˡ
һ̣Ժֳ֣︡ҲֻΨһһ
ƽ
ƽѾȥ
ǰ½ѣ³ݣһֻޣƽΪ۽ڳû˲м
Ѧڴƽʬ֮˶ȥ
ʱ˿̣ػƽʬˮףڷĴ
ӻ뿪ʮӵĹ򣬾̽һۡ
ƽѾʡ
ͶӰˣֻ˭
½ʲôʱĺ֮㣬Ȼ֮ǰ˶һ֪
뵽⣬ʶģӷ֡
ӷֵѧôܺͻսˣ˵ʶ
Ȼӷʱ򣬴һ㶡
ӷأԾ
סȵյùǽڷףֱ
ƽ
ǰ֡
ƽ˭ľܹеӴͷš
ϯʶͻųһ𣿡
Ȼӷֵı飬Ҳ֪˻̲סһ졣
ӷ͵ػ
ס촽˼΢ģɵ˵ȷ
Щ֡
ʶ֪𰸡
ȷ
ʲô˼
ӷûٿڵ˼Ҳû׷ʣֻͶӰⳡͬһ㾫ʵս֡
֪˲£˷׷׵̸˸ղĵա
Ҽǵãų֮ǰǺһһɱֻޣⲻ𣿡
Ȼǣˮϵܣλǻϵ
ˣųôʶЩ˵ģ
˭֪˵׼ʵǿ˻¡

Ŷߵۣӷֺ١
ڻ֮ǰͨ绰ġ
ͻһսˣȻ֪
档
ӵˮϵܵļ档
ʲôεֶ
һʮĺӣĻӵǿľӵ˾̾۷ս
Ƶò
ͬս
ͻȻת䡣
Щֻɺϡ
뵽
ӷֽȡ
ۿɬͣѧ˼ɽҪû

Ϊѧ
                     

 80 

ƽƵ, ֻлһ˵ͨѶƵΡ
ô
ƽ֪ʵĲ仰
ǵطݵϮ, ǱʶжΪϤ, һʱûΪ, Ӧʹˮϵ߲Ŷԡ
䵱ʵʱ¼豸Ҫڡ
ϧѾˡ
±ûгֵʱ, Ȼ˻ǰ͸СС
Ͽŵˮϵʯԭ, ִӿڴͳľʯ, ҽƵĻ졣
⣬Ҳע
ƽûϵһ
ԣûٴ
ݻû
յƻڼƶ
Ǽʸһи, ֱֱ, ͼôǰ˵ķߡ
Ȼ̨׵Ļʵʱӭǡ
Ǳƽ󽹺ζѾڿдݡ
ẮĶӻ, Ȼҫ, ƺ˿صĽ޷Ҳǰ̵ĵ֡
汻ݳ̵ĲӰ
ƵǳĴͼ񺿽С
˶ĿѣʵʱͶӰظ, ֻһƬһƬϢеĳĬ
֪, ͨǼ, ȴǴ󲿷ΪѲࡣ
ٶȼ죬Ⱥӣ׼Ŀһӵϣ쳣Ѫǻ׵Ŀǡ
ͨû, ֻʣѪĹܡ
ͼ޸
ݼûиǼǵսʽͼͳΪɱʽϮǳͷʹޡ
Ƚ϶ԣ޴ĺϽǰֻԱĸݡ
Ψһֵҵǡ
һ˵ܷȺӣֻ̫ͨ࣬޳УŻῴ͵Ⱥ
ʱƽͻŵһȺ
һγ޳һʷǰĹģ
һ۹翪ʼΪһսǡ
ֻԽϸ룬õĽԽľ
ǷȺƺס˻ֽš
ô˿̻µġΪӴĸǼȺδĴģһֻڵǼޣôԸ
ûãͶӰﴫһл˵˼
ƵУһöëƮȻ¡
Ļ죬̬Ƿ·𱻸ʻ
û롰ơС
ƺһ졣
ûС
ֻ𺣣̼Ⱥﱬ
ӻ۲졣
ƽĻϵܶоԵɱ
ֻҪմȾǵ֣ԭ
ձڵԭѾһƬ
ֻվĵطյڰеơ
Ȼܿ졣
ڿ
޴ϵĳ׻Ϊޣƾն¶ϣΧϯ
籡ʵʣ
޼ζĺжȻ־塣
ԭ۵¶϶
³̵ļʸڻɢӡ
ôĻᡣ
ɫƷһӵ죬Юޱܵľº춯
һ˲
ǰ֮УΪơһзݡ
һ˲ɺ۾޷ת
һ̣ƽĻ
ϹεĬ
ʱİգܾ׼ƽҪһ˲
ڻ𺣱Ϊ̿ʬ׹ڵһ¡
ԭŭ޶ͬݺϣ˺ʹİ
ˤڵصĽ̿Ӧѣ¶δüڻıĵ£ɢϸϸ߲΢⡣
ͶӰһʵء
ͶӰǰȻǲԼͬš
֮ǰĵǲͬһεļ°ǳһζʵ𾪡
δĵķ·һ롣
ǰһĻ
ƺΪ˽еη岻ǰ׻
ڻдӰ
ֱ٣
գ۵Ĺѣոձ¼صķȺɵģһ֮ࡣ
գǰյơ
˿̳ʳĴȺ
鵽ͷƤġͨƵİΧȦ
ǰҲ˶ѡ
⻭̫𺳡
ʵ˲òŷ
ۿڿͥŲһ̬
˵ȴսʱƽŵ飬Ҳķ
µ۷
ųһλʲôˣ
ųڸϣ֪ûųˡ
ǲҿˣôãλս񣬺͡
ʵղҾ˵ˣôô񡭡
ղֻϵҵûʲôƽ
ƽͻʵʱ˵ӰѾ˷ֱšԼӦټĸɾԮĸ󲿶ӡ
ʱ˿̡
뿴ͶӰ۾һҲϴǰֺõĳƿ
ų淭ɣֱ͸ռ䣬˴Զǧ֮ϡ
ǿ
ǿ졣
û˵Ǹ֡
ͬ˶֪ӵֵˣ³ǵġ
ֻǿƴҰߣֳһµǿʵ
һ

ްܼ
ڣǰδе޳֮սҲΪǽµһʵ
Ⱥ˵УʱֻˣԻϵߵ֪
У˹ɽԶĹΣӵʱƽͻͨѶƵȨޡ
ɽֵסߡ
ڼв³˵ִ˹ʱ䣬ָһ̣һĨɫĹ⡣
ͬʱǧ
˸ƵЬףԭأٳҲزе
ƽ뿪һ档
ദÿһξ
һĻһĻϵĽƬǰѭš
Ļ񣬴ʹ˫ۣع
ţ٣첽ߵͶӰ֮ǰ
ƵǻӽǣƽսĻһƽ׵ӰӶοƵ
ǰ𺣣Ϥǿ񡭡

һ
̧Ծв֣˵
͸ѡǰ֣ʳָͨѶһǰͣãȴ֪òõȥ
ǵһ֪ƽ尲ĵˡ
ƽ
ˮų
ۼΪʵ
ͻһٵڴ

𣿡
ǰķݣƽ̫ǿѾ¶ˡ
ƽڿͣ
ҰԶ
޵ŭ𽥽ӿꡣ
Ǽ޸Ѿҵ£з
ϧԶ󼰵ĸ߶ȡ
޷Ƕ֣ȴΥܣܡ
ʮһεļŲҲɵؽС
ĴȻŹİ
ƽ׽
ҪڣȴͨѶʾ
ǹΡ
˵Ҫ𣿡
¶˻ϵܣͬڱ¶ݡ
ͻȻ磬֪һйء
ƽ˶٣ֵ̧ͬ롣
ͨѶѾͨ
ƵȴǳĬҽƵĺ
á
ڳ
ֻ֡
ų                        

 81 

εͨѶƵ
͸Ұ, ȥǰıӰ
ǰżʻԱ
޷͸Ƥ, ۲ƽɫ
Ƶİûг̫á
ƽ߳ƽʧ, ܿ촫˶ߡ
, һսΪκ£̸
μٵһ
ƺлҪ˵, ǿѹס, һƽ
, ų
ǹεڶ˵ƺ
ƽֻų
ͨͨѶͨİȴϤǰƺֳ侲ݵס
ɹ޷һ̹Ȼأȭ, ˵ľӣͻųжѾ¶, ԭ·أǵϡ˹ɽµȺ򡣡
޺, ȷһһ񱩡
ʧ
ͨĿĵص·Ѿ, û;ϡ
ƽ˵ֹǰ, ֪ͨǵ, ӳ, ʱ׼ӦԵϮ
˵꣬μأ
ƽתԵĻһۣҺͻж
·µλ˵ʲôص, Ǻܿ
ͨѶƵǶݵĳĬ
ʼûпڡ
ƽľ͵ͬľ
飬˸˼
ջǶƽģĨȥķӣ˵
ˡ
ĵô룬ڻش󣬹ιҶͨѶ
ϵʱжϣƽգת޻۵Ĵ
ʱû˭˵Ļľ
ǰĳȫҪٵսǱ뼯оӦԣݲðʧ
Ψʱ
ŵ޷ֲøܼ
ƽעⰲȫ
ֻټ򵥡ͨһ䶣
仰ȴü۶Ȼ͡
á
ѹƽ׼١
ټ¶ûʱϸ۲졣
Ҫһ㣬ĴǷֻѦ̵ޡ
һǰһ󣬿ԽɽɹͷٶȽӽĿڵء
ڹעʵʱͶӰˣΪһѺ
ͬʱ
³ǡ
ġ
Ļڣռ֮ռԲγ˿
ģӷַųͶӰƵ
ӽǱӴѾɽΪһ壬ͷ
˲ִڶƵ
ǰԵ˫ڰ͸·ɣȲΪս׼
оԺҲѶʾ˺ΪǰӦʡ
ڽ³Ǳ¶оԺǰ϶
ǻľ޷ֲιϵΪǶǿò
ֻ⻹
սû죬ȱĲʣǱ
ȥŶ·ϣˣҲٶˡ
ʱӷֵĶȻͨѶʾ
ʶֻ
İŶΡ
ӷü
İŶΣȴܴ˽Ӧʶˡ
ֽ̧ͨ
ڣżɽӽڣѦڡ
ӷһֱ
˲תϣ
û¡
ӷְʾ⣬ץסߵȣվǼҳȥһˡ
õġ
Ŀ뿪
⣬ӷϷţʣѦڣʲô˼
ݣ˺оԺЩΪ
һֱ¶ҲˣȻûкɫ
ͨѶеĿհ׳˴Լһ롣
ѦٿʱɤЩɬڣ֪ҷ˴ҲʧǣһĻᡣ
ĻӷüͷԽԽ
Ѧ֮ǰ뿪룬Ҳ޷磬ͻȻ绰
ʣ޳йأ
Ѧ˵ԡ֮ԻǣҲȲѣѣôԹۣ
㿴˹صͶӰ
Ѧûǡ
Уӷ֮ǰƺ飬ԽǸӣô
Ѧ˵ڷͨƵڸ·ϣ໹Сʱִܵ˹ɽ
ɡ
Ƶͨ
ѦĻ棬ӷֻ˫ۡ
ǰһָ̧ȥ⡭
ѦЦǳԵ˹š
ӷֿ壺ЩýֻҪһꡣ
ӷѾع
ǰһĻ𺳣Ȼ¶ϡ
ѦڵĻջߣһۣҵˣԭоЩġ
Ѧٿ֮ǰѾԮ˹ɽܱפĵص㣬һһ͸
ѦҲͬʱͷϢ
ӷֵĻϷǳϸ
ָ꣬ӹ٣ˣһĿȻ
Ѧڡ
ѦǰѻδϢѹ£̧ӷ֣ڣ
ӷֿ
ǰг͵ţкƽͻһǺӵͣЩеκһ·
Ѧڴͨ绰֮࣬ҲЩġ
ϾѦڻĽ˵Ǵġ
úܺá
˵ⳡս֮ͽ⣬һ
Ѧڴ
Ƭ̵ʹࡣ
ӷע⵽ѵôһ޿۾͸ľƬӳĸӰ˫۲һ˲䡣
̧ܿáһġ
ŵӷ˿
࣬޳ȫȨָӣ֪еᣬִиΣҲϵϣȺ͹硣
Ѧھţ֮˵ڣʵһһ˽⡣
ӷ³ɻ
ҲȻ
һ̣Ѧʵͻһִˣ֪˭𣿡
ӷԥһ
뵽Ѧںܿܺ͹λͣ²ܣͻش˵Ҳʶм棬
ͻȻסˡ
Ŀƽʱ򣬼Ҳڡ
죬ʧ̬ȴĪ̬ȴ䣬ƽ廹ڣͺͼһ뿪
ڿһимѭ
ֻǣ仰ûеѦڵ˵ֻתͻһɱֻޣƵУ֪ûп
һΣûע⵽
˵桱ֵʱѦѾȥһ㸡Ӱ۵
Ѿõ˽Ĵ𰸡
ӷֻ俴ʵûҪȥǰߡҿˣţҪǽ𣿡
Ѧҡͷɤº͵ļᶨҪȥ
ӷսơ
̾˿
ƽϦദˣôõȥѡ
㡭·Сġ
һġ
ҶͨӷվԭƬ̣תƿҴţصλ
ʱǰһƬ
ͶӰƽͻӽѾңң޻۵ġ
˺ܾõƵУͻȻϸ΢졣
ĸ߶ȡ
ľ롣
ɽ֣ȴвӿĺ
֮󣬾ȻԱ߿յ豸¼
ͶӰǰͬ
ڸ߿յƽͻԼŵŻѪζ
ȳϣ׵ķ϶
ƽ΢
ŴҰ
ԶȺǰӵǰŲ
ϸ£һǰһԾ
޵Ӱʧ֮ǰƽͻɵƵϿա
ǰĻ棬ƽҲüĽ
ڰյҺͱεи
ζβ֫ƬɢأѪȶֻ̣ľʯڿ
Ḷ́ÿһ붼ڽС
Ƭݵأ·ȻѪء
ĸɺҺг
ʵ⽦ճѪűɳ
ѾǻֵùעĶ
Ѫһԣϸеʯ
ھʯ֮¡
һɽơ
;޴¸ͻѪƬжһƬɺ졣
ֻͫһɫ͸ıĤǣȴɭ䡣
ÿһκ䣬ʯ̺ǻڣʹ͵¸͹
ƽ
ޡ
ȹǼ
ʳޡ
ٷֵһЩͼǼֵᱻͻơ
˿̣ڳ˯

 82 

󲿶δ
һս, , Ⱥ, 淴
, û׽ʳ֮ǰ鷳Ȼȥ, ʵøǿ֮ǰɡ
ʣ𣿡
, µǼŲǵζ, ͣЪ
ӿ޻ǰ
һȦһȦ׼ĸѪأµӿƬѾѵƤ, һ, ¸ۣת
ûʱٵȥˡ
Ȼƽ֮ǰ, ͨѶƵʾ
ֹؼʱ, ƽ֪β޹ʴš
ͨ, Ҳ̳š, ǲֱӿ, Ͼ֧Ԯˣ
ƽ
δ˿˻ףٹСʱһӵ˻׾ܸϵʱӪأųֻСʱ, ʱٴҲٰ
˻ף
ƽü΢
ӡоˣɾһ
ָӹ˭
ȴԥ˰Ρ
ʱҲ𣺡ֳѦڵ˵ͣ
ջģѪˣ
ŭ˵꣬˼֣˻ȷʵѦڴģϵҵʱҲûӦսΪҲضáųڸûʤ㣬СʱһȰɡ
˵һ˿
ƽЩ⡣
ţȷʵ൱ߵս
һϣβ˵ѡ
ƽ룬ʣѦ˵ʲô
κܿ⣺˵֮󣬻һ͡
ƽÿɷת˼أ
Ԥϡ
һ򲻰κ޷Ļȴ˵ڶ֣Щðա
ȻҲû뵽ͬĹ۵㡣
ϾѦڲͣ⼸˾֪
ƽȥʻԭΪõĲĴ𰸡

æ˵㿴ųô˵ˣ
ƽûټ֡
ҶͨһۣԻ߰ɡ
һ̣컡ųβת˲
ʱȺԭ·ʱûӰӣһгͨ裬ܿɽš
ѾõϢǵϼ
û׷кңջƽһԣʱӪطȥ
Դ
ԶԶмٽӽĺڵ㣬ǰӭ˰벽
֮뵽ԷҪ÷ŻףĬĬ˻
ڸ߿գƽûע⵽ϴСӰ
ͻһغ
ǵ»׾
棬ų˵ҹʮܵ
ƽ̧һʱ䡣
罫ĵ㣬˹ôʱھܸϵӦû˲ٹ
ʱ첽߽ǵϵĻҲ˵ˣҸսӵϢ˵ܸϵ
ԳȫԱͼʻȫٷǰ
Ϊ˲ڴսƣߣǻҹɽԴӻ£С˯Сʱ侫
ʱȥѾɹ룬̡
˹ɳûĸ߶ȷӺͼԣȻͽЧʲ
ǵϰ˸Աȣתƻ˵ˣɽ֮ʲô
ƽѾرչͷ
֮ǰ¼µĻѾȫ̱档
δƽ֮ǰȥǶ¼񣬹ȥɡ
ǵ°Ȼȥˡ
ߺԭֻʣˡ
תƽ
ƽҲ
˫źֹʶ
Ӣ䣬ĸߴĺӣۿƺһƬ
ţݺһĨ۾߼ƽǰ˫ۡ
ƽֺ̧ӵĺ󱳣ˡ
΢
Ʋ˵ӭ
վһԣ״˫΢С
ûпڴš
Ҳûȥ
΢΢йһ룺ʲôʱҼһ죬͡𣿡
ƽףǡ
ҧҧΪʲôң
ƽʣ𣿡
˵Ļô
˵һ룬ס
ʱˮݣƽͻ߽ʱСҲǨŭġ
Ҳ˵пܣĲš
뵽⣬ڨڨ˵Ϊ
ûٶʣҲ֪ôʡ
ƽ˵ģԸʡ
ųѾʵڣѾ㹻ˡ
ȥЩûҪĶڵ¡
ԣƽ˻һۣŵ⣬Ҳûе
ûеЩɼ̣ݺš
һα¶ݺı֡
ƽԹ˵ݣȫڳۣǰɥڣǲҲҵĹʧ
æ˵Ȼ㣡
ƽһ֮ڵ³ڽޣ˵Ķ˶Ϊôܻǹʧ
Ͳ߼ȥ
΢̧
վƽ棬ҲֻԷĲ
δȫս״̬ƽȻˣͶµĵ󣬸Ϊһҫϸâĵͦ
͹ϣԭΪƽóʱ䣬͹顣
Ҳû
ƽڵһʱ䣬Ϊƽ
ûôࡣ
ʵʱǱȹһҲ˼
ǻʵˣҲףĽվסš
ֱƽ׿ǰһĻĻնȻ̣ŻգԾЩ
ǸȷʵҲԡ
Ѿ˵ϣȭͷתųǸ£ҶԲס㣡
˵꣬ע⵽ζƽϡ
֪ǲĴ
ɫչ⵭
ȴ·貹â׹
ɫȴԵԡ
쳣ӢƵȥᣬ˿̹ǧŮרע
ƽ
ϸĽ
ε
΢ת۹
ǧŮĶ̴ϲ
һ۹Σڵ֪˾ͺãҲһʶ
⡣
˵껹ƽȥϢһ᣿
Σ
ջɱǧĻ
ǱĲŵͷǸ
ɱ̫ʢΧ·Աܹס
ӳǰӳˣ
αŽнԶƽת
ƽԡ
ǰӰӻһ·뿪ڣȴ֪˵Щʲô
ֱԴƽ
Цʲô
ʶְ̧ڴǡ
ź֪
ԭĹǡ    

 83 

Īĺһֱϡ
, ƽЦȻû, Ҳûʡ
֮ǰ͸ϵǵ, ࿴˻ۡ
, ϴսǰǵȻɻȴûתƻ, ֻŵͼ˵ô, ̫ײ˰ɣ
, ৡش򿪡
κ
ֻڣƽһվǽҪô
˵Żƽ
ǵϻûп޵Ļ棬ûп빥˵һĻ
ֻǰȺ, 㹻ͷʹˡ
εɫ򽥽£Ҫɴϵ𣿡
˹ɽ;פĸ³ر, ȻԼ˵ָӣʵ˵Ҳȶ
Ȳ
üĿǰı, ʲô׽⡣
ƽֽ̧ڲŵƵһ, ˹ͼ
ڵͼϻ˸ɢʱӪ, ⸽
ƽŴͼ, ص㶨±ǣȫ£, Ӫء
ǰսһ򡭡
ƽ룬Χޣģ
ս֪ٴΣȥ, Ĭ̶Ҳ˿
ɹζ̶ֳȵðգɲֹۣսߵĿ׼ܸߣһʧ󣬺пܾͳһսġҪô𣿡
ƽӵÿһӣǸ˽Ļᡣ
޴ӷ
ƽȷսѾԥƽ֣ҧ˵ãѡһߣӣ
Ѿսƽľ֧֡
ԣַ̧ƽڵͼϵµıǣǵϷֱȥָӣҺͼѹƣκ⣬Ԯ
ǵôû䲻Լ֣Żع񣺡ȥĶ
ʱŵͶӰɫ΢䡣
ձԶ֣һӰ
͸˲ʡ
ǵһ仰꣬ʶתȥ
ķڵһ
Ի׵ĵһӽǼֱҪͶӰŴ
ǵϿۻңȻ٣Ծ󶼽һ亹ⲻһͶӰ
ţ̿ʡ
ԡ
ǵסˡ
ϵܣ
ˮϵߣǱϵߣôǿĻϵܣǴģ
ݺݱ˱ۣͶӰ
û
޾Ļ
˵ĻཫټһƬյŤζ
ŵޱսĺζ
ĳĵ׶Ȼһ
𣿡
תΣֿƽϼмҲãȻһֻ㱣ѵƽˣ
Σ
һת˵ʲô£ң
ǵţ㲻Ķӳ㲻ʶֻƽùİ
ִ̧ڶͷס㿴˰ɡ
ǵֿų˵仰Ĵǲǰ·һɽ
ޱ飺ǡ
ǵһɣֿƽأ棬㲻Ǻͻųһɽôû㣿
Σ
ȥˣǿתƻ⣬ˣ˵ˣҲ֮أǧܵӡ
ǵһƽ⡣
˵޶ԣɶԼжϲ˶ҡ
ϾûʲôӦ
ѵˣ
뵽⣬ֻ˵֪ˡģϺȵˣ϶ң
Ȼ˵仰
ս䣬岻ϻ
Ŷߵ飬ǵתȥͶӰ
ȵ꣬ƵҲŵؼĻ档
ѪľǵϾһ𣡡
˵ǡ
ǵ۾ޣڻ𣿡
ʵףִҲǿ
ʵڲͻ
ǹе̫ɵһʹǵϡ
ӣҵ˼ǣ˹ڽܸϵһĻʤ㲻Ǹ𡭡
Ļ뵽ʲôƽˣʲôʱ֣
ƽĿ΢Ƭ̣֮һԭأɱ©֮㣬ˣ̼ϣΪӣ׼ʱֻ
˵ʱѾȥ
;ʱӪأͽѸٿ£һСʱ㹻ˡ
Ի׵ĻԣСʱִɽ
ֻҪʣµİСʱѦڵ˻׾ܸϵ
ʣҪҪӦѦڣ
֪Ѧ֮ԹѾá
仰ʵƽ
ָ⣬ɫȥƽ顣
ƽ߻ͼϣԵ˵㽻Ӿ͹ˡ
΢ǳȣת˲š
Ҳûж룬ͷ˵Ǻãϵҵʱٰš
ּһ䣬ǸղܣڣϢһᣬ
ǵϻؿǶܣҲ𣿡
һԴ󣺡ˣǿ߰ɣһСʱҪʱܽġ
ǵϺųȥ
ٴηºڻָ
ƽƵ޵Ƭμѭš
վࣺĶ𣿡
ƽһۡ
ֱ½ֻǵֻޡ
̫٣˭Ҳ׼ȷλǼ޵ʵ
ͶӰӴľ
ƽ˵ǻӮ
ƽȴҲİ
תĲӮ֮ǻ³ǣӪȫիҪٳðˡ
ȫիҲĹɷݡ
Ц⽥ŨǾ;Ӫǵȫի
ƽȻת
ô
ƽӿڴȡľϵʯָ졣
ֱǰĴ̵¶ȣջǡ
һ̣͵ϵܹȫ΢΢ۡ
ȵƽ֣˵ѾȬˣ㲻õġ
ƽףջؾʯûٿڡ

һСʱ󣬶ȫ漯ϡ
κǵѾ뿪ǰۼ㡣
ƽͻ˳ǰ˹ɽ
Ŀս˸ʿġ
֮ǰתӷֵͨѶ
ڡ
ƽûȰ˵εĳĬֻ˵עⰲȫ
֪
˶٣ƽһ䣬ʦ
ӷָ΢̵ͬȵϵй
ѹۿʪҲ˵ԹҶͨ
֮
Ļƽ⣬εض
ǲηǰߡ
ᶨΪ½ȶսľһ̣Ϊϼʡ
Ϊ׵ĺ̨ףҹɫХ˴Ƴա
ķС
Ǻڰв⣡             

 84 

ҹĻ׳ڰСʱ׼ʱִս
εȨްǵߡ
ͬʱƽȫԱ룡
ǵģڶҲȫԱ룡
Ⱥ˻Ʈ, Ƽžҹ
ƽҰ, 
ڰ
Ļڰҡҷ
͸׵ĺϽ, һżᶨƵ, ƺǰ
ϾĴʱ˿̡
Ķ־Ȼ֮ۡ
ҪĻ
ƽҲδ˵Ļ
ָӹĹƵܿ촫侲ȵɤ
ʼж
һ仰, ׵ȼĵӿս
оΥĳ
ңңĴ, ·͸, ǵϤĺɫӰ
һ̣ѹ²˵ڶԭؽ䱸һ, ϣ
ڶ, 
ƽͻѹơ
ӣȺ޴档
֮ǰͱְ, ڼӽʱΪԼһܷ, ڲϢͷʱ춯
ҹ, Ұޱ˫ۺ
, Ѿó׼, ڷҰ֮һŭ̽Ǿ¶
ƽ̧ʾ⡣
æͣ¡
ǷӦ֮ǰǰĺ̨ףѾ໥ŵĺ⣬ƽ
⵽, Ⱥɧ
ƽڵһƵ𣺡ó׼
ͷһݣæںս̬
ܵĲһ˲ǣ
ԭװԴڵƺƴҪǰսðǰģȫߡ
ΪߣսḻҪƽѾ˼ƽϡ
׺ͱ˪Ⱥз
ӿ˺ͼºƺΪβţ޸һëǵעԵ
ܿ졣

ɳ
̤ź¡죬һһܽӽ
ڽƺͽϢȴš
𡪡
ȵһֻĿҰΧ
̽յ£ССһȦ硣
֮ݺݶ˹ȥ
ֻǡüӦڰ֮ھʧȥϢܿڷɳлΪ
״սĴš
Ϊ˺һȱڡ
ƽͻѸѹ;롣
𲻾ǰǳ֮ս½صƶٶȻƤһѪΪ̣˴ѹС
ˮϵƽ
ͷܲ
ںпϸϸ˿Ȼǣ׹¡
ޱˮʪֱ˪
ˮС
ߡ
ʻͷӡ
ڰ˸ıڽ졣
޵˻𶼱档
ƽһۿľʯȡϵʯġ
ǰδԹͷܡ
ľάΧĽˮͬʱʹùܣҲһðա
ս˲ࡣ
һ˲
ƾն
ѵҽĴŽڱ棬ڽڡ
Ƶİѩǡ
˫ſ־ͫڱ֮·תǵѪɫ
һʱ쳣
ôڵܳ𣿡
ƽģҺܺá
սû취ս״̬ȥȷĻǷʵ
ֻд̹ǵĺҵӡ
ҹ޻Ƶʱ䡣
ʱηͰ첻ͬƽܱ֤һᱻѡ
ûãԵĻϵܣƵʹˮϵܸȺ
ĺ˪ʱʱض֮ĸӦ
ֻʣѪɱ¾ʧȥӾͬ٣ǵĹ֮ڡ
һһ޵ʬ屻ס˿ڣɽ¡
ֻǶ̶̹ʮֻĵڶӾѾʱϳ
ɱݵҲݡ
УŨѪζӿ
лߣƽȥ޳ܿҪˣǻҪ𣿡
Ϊָӹ٣һֱûǰߡ
СʱǰȫƴɱѾЩԲ
ƻгɹ
֧飬ĥɹ۵ޣսŨ
ֻǣûȵƽڣͻȻ˵һ£Ѧϵҡ
ˣжͨѶ
ֻֻܿѦڼ˼䡣
ˣ
˵߸ϡ
ͨѶƬ̳Ĭ
˵Ұ귢ˣ
ʵһϻ
γҲ뻺һա
¼Ҫ˵Ѧûǲܵġ
ڻ³Թһ
µľǣѦڵ֮󣬻ɱǧгͻ
ο
ƽڡ
Ψһǵ϶ա
仰ٺ١Цӽˣǹꡣ
ҿǶˡ
仰˵Ļû˵ڡ
ͼϻ֧Գ㡣
ǵһ·ƴնҫһ£͸ϽƵڹѡ򿪡
ƽûǰѦڷ˽
Ѧûп󣬽󲻷һԡ
Ѹ˹ƶλΪԼʧ
漴Ļϵͬ⡣
ƽͻһǰһҲڵͼϸ
·һ꣬ǵᡰסһ
뵽ǵĶԱô죿
仰Ѿʼˡ
ƽܿΪǵϽ
󡣡
󡭡
ǵʶظһ飬ãȻֱӴô˳嵽̫Σ˰ɣǰأ
ࣺˡ
ǵϣ
ǾþõĳĬ
ڳĬУ±ȶ˫ս
ͬСʱƽͻƽľ룬İ˱ࡣ
εĵӡ
ûôţҲ֮һľ롣
Ҳ˵
ûҫ˵Ǹܵܡ
Ѿϵ֡
ƽͻ̬ڣͼȥȶԵ뷨ûС
Ϊ˻ξ棬һ飺ǻ𣿡

ƽһֻʱΪʮӡʮӺɽ½ϡ
˵ף
ǵ϶ŻͲֹһ䣺
ɲǺܺã˵ʲô
ǵϱƽʱ䵭ס˵Լ
һ룬ʾϿӡ
һ룬ƽҲϿӡ
˻ͨѶ룬ƽʣʲô£
˶٣ŵѦѡĿ·ߣǵķ򡣡
ƽ˵о˻ףҲǲСһ㣬޺κ£ս֮ǰҪš
Ѧڵ˻ױӣ⻤ӵĺı֮һ
ֻΪѦڲԸûб˻ס
ȻΨ֧ϣûйɼҲϿɵġ
˵Ĳ
ʲô
ֶ˶١
Ƭ̺˵ˣ˵ɡ
ٻֹ
ƽϲٸʵףҲûʡ
ֱʮӺ
֧Ӽɨսƣȴ˷ܵ壬ʻף˵ɽЪϢ
û׺ҲѾĴǰĳ
ķɳУһ̨޴Ļӳ
֮ɫؽɵĶ飬ڵ漲ٷɳۡ
ֳȻš
·𿴲ͷ
;޴󣬱ۺ͹˼ʻͻײͬɢһսݵѪϢ
Ϣһ
Ǵĳͬ죡
ڿʱЩֱһľ񻺻١
ͬ޴Ӱǵ档
Դƹⶼ޷ı档
ǽӽԭæŵ߷׷ͣ£ԭأɵɵ
ǡ˻ף
үôͷȵ˰ɣ
ۼ䡣
ûͣ£Ϊ׵Ļ׼ʻմ򿪡
һɫӰ¶ϣ˳
Ѧڡ
˿ẮֻŰɫϰ͸Ŧ۽ϵһţǰһ˿ڶ̷紵ңǰĴ򣬾ԶſʵϿɫ
Ŀȴɳڸǡ
Ѧֱֱ
Ӱ΢
һתߵƽվ
ٿء
ƽֻ΢
һֻǽڷֳ˽Ӳס
ƽһۣ΢̧
֪ʲôŻע⡣
ζǰһ㡣
ƺ治ɫ
ֻǣһһεģĵ¶ѪܣֱգȻ̡
ʲô
װ򶨣ŵתƻ⡣
Ѧڵˡ                

 85 

ƽ˳ǰȥ
ѦڽµĻѾͣ¡
ĺƵըռ, ﴫɢȥ, ׷ڳߵġ
ȥ, Ҳ̫ˣ
˵ǰ³ǵ˻׺, ˣ
궼û˻ףһΪǸһûˣڿ, ˰
ƽҲѦķӡ
׺ƵȺ, ͸ߴڵ¹, ֮࣬ƾȻܹ㡣
Ϊɱ¾սÿһֶƶ˸ɭâ
һȥһ̨̨ɲĽ
֮ǰ˵, Ѧڴ˻׵ֵš
ڿ, ĻЩء
ֻͦɱսÿһ̨ܷӳ൱, ûſ
Ѧӻ׽䡣
û, ҲȲϳԵ, ʱֻץƳݡ
ûȳ, 
һ
Χ˾һ
Ѧʱ, ǿ
УƽͻһֱǾǡ
Ǳʶȥ̧ס
û, лл
Ȼ󴩹Ⱥ
ƽŽʣһξ
ϻһᱡ͸ķ»Ÿղմŵɳ
ºȴʧƵϣѹžñطļ
סҲסӿĹ
ƽĵһۣѾάֲסյƽ͡
㡭
ֱЩǱ
۵ͨѪ˿°硣
ƺʱ䣬ȥеĽҲһĨȥ
ƽҪǰһ͸оһů
ţӭѦڡ
Ѧƺע⵽Ĵڡ
̶˽յ֡
񱻿綯ҡһ˲ϰ΢˻Σżǰ
˫۾󷺺۽ǻûˣ񽥽ȴ
ǵõʱѦ˵Ļ
ʱôʱټ
ЦЦѦʿ¶ˡ
䣬ɿƽ֣⣬ǰߣҺƽ治֪ôлźá
ƽһۡ
˴ǰҲԣǹǳ̬ҲϰΪ
ֻѦڵĻ׶ǰߺҪ˵䡣
ãġ
ƽҪͷٿһۡ
ô׾Эǻǰ硣
ƽʱߵǳЦԵϣô
ûʲô
ƽתѦڣ˻׿Զ̲ٿأ㲻ҪѹϣԭӪһ¼ֱ㡣
ѦѾߵǰ
֪ʲôʱڱļȥĴҲٲֻǲ԰ס
˫ӺͻӣٿƽʱǺƵרע
һĨɬЦһȦΧ
ʱ۽ǵʪ۱¶ƽǰ
֪ʱȣǣ뵥̸̸𣿡
˶ӣȷʺϽ̸
ƽͽ
Ƭ̺ͨѶƵ򵥽䣬ŵ
ûѦĽŲ׹󣬲ɿڣų̸
޶ԣѦڣ㵱ڽӣҪ͵˲ֹ
Ѧڿƽңأ
³ʱûе¸صǻһее˺
ߣ¼ܺߣѦڵĽͣ֡
Ǿһ˵塣
ƽĻشѦڴɫס
ƽŲء
ʱǻУƺ뿴Ŀն
ʱоĴ̹磬˿̷·ǧٱŴй٣ײ
ƽͻ
ʲôʱعںãܣ
Խȥ룬޾ĴԽƤµѪ⣬ʹ鲼
Ѧԡ
״죬߼ƽ硣
˻׸ϵĿ귽Ҫʱ䣬һ·ɱȥ
š
ƽ͹硣
֧ԮҪСʱѾҪĿǰսӲ̫á
ս
뿪ʼðˡ
֪ͨڶսڸȥ˻׻ϡ
Щ˵սݣߴѹࡣ
ʱӪشͿʼڹģҲܿɹۣսˣСʱҲ´ࡣ
һ·ƽս֡
ãȻѦڳ
ƽҪߵȥ
ƽһ١
ŷѾΧǸߴɿݵ֦ɣ㹻˶ĿҲȺ㹻Զˡ
عˡ
ˡ
Ǻͻĵ̫Ͷ룬øɸɾ
ѦڳĬƬ̣۾Ĺâ۵Ѫ˿
˵һǣҵˣֻΪҼ˿ڣԴ½еҽƼϵܣ˶ûá
˵ţǰһƽ鸲һļС
һҪңҾ˺㣬ұκ˶ϣܻ
ƽûпڡ
ܵˣ˽ôء
ѦĻ£Ϊ꣬ʵлỨѶپ
˽޹ء
֪Ѧôô뿪
ɶѦڶԣƺֻΣ֮ء
Ѧڼ˫ӡ
ƽã㡣
ѦڲЦݡ
͵ɫͬһȦϵ
ҡ
ʱĮһԲ룬̴ݻ˿º͵ա
ȻѦڣǾ˵һ˵ڽЩʵɡ
䣬ź˪ĴĵѦڴϢĻᣬоģ³ǣ߻ʲôϵЩƿƿ޹ޣƽŵĵطֻһǽ˵Щȸǣ㾿оʲô
Ŀִ֮䴵
Ѧڿ
ܻ䣬ȥ
ѦڱﲻһѾС
˻ĵѦڡ
ԼѦ˵Ļ
ף꣬αߵµ˱÷
ƽǰûѦŻһ档
ҲмƽǰѦ¡
Ψ¡
¹ƽڽһҪʸס
ƽҲѦڡ
ѦϵЦ⻺䵭۾ںڰΪһɫ
£Ҵףء
ƽҵȷΥоҵıֻҵڵ쳣塣¶оԺ˷ҵʵ顣
˼ǣġоԺֱʣ
ѦڴоԺҪҲκ˿оݣֻ
ǳЦڵġ
˵ĻȴȻ絶ĺ顣
ҵоͣ£ȫΪᣬҲڡ                        

 86 

Ļ, ûӵĻҹԵú䡣
Ѧڿƽ, ϴЦ, ڲ֪Ǳʧ
֪㲻ͬҵ, ³ǵԼҪ
۵ֻƫִ, Ҳô롣᲻, Ҷô
, һȻ
㼴ûоƽɾýᣬٽƱˣһ, ֻΪڸоԺνľʵ顣Ѧ, Ļȵ𣿡
Ѧ˫ȭ
ɲȥֻƽоһй¶, ˼, ɵĶ޷󡣽˶, ҲȲѡ
Хķ֮
ĵȴС
Ѧڷֲ羿, ǿš
á
ƽŵûȲѡ
ѦڵɫȻ԰ס
ƽѦڡ

ļ
Ѧƺº, ˹ģԵţദ׾ԽķöԷе⡣
ѧоϵ츳, Ҳֵó̡
ǿΪ磬ڿѦڣصľΡ
ƽȣס
Ѧİ֣Լѡ
ʱѦڡ
ʹʱ˿վǰĮ̸һ³Ѧڡ
ˡ
ƽ˵ֻһ仰˵ĺܶԡҲͬ
Ѧں΢ΪûȻ㲻ףһţмֵ
ָ̧Զڵɽǰһ췢£㹻֤ҵĽ𣿡
Ѧڡ
Ѧڴƽкſ½Ľƣڣǹ³ǣ˱㣬ȴǰΪȥսðΣأû㣬ʱ඼ڣ̸ʲô
ƽѻ˵ꡣ
ֱĬٶѦڵ࣬ƽڡ
㻹ǲף
Ѧ۵Ѫ˿÷
һˮ⣺ûдֻӦȥѡİȻ˶лҡ
ƽ˵˶л㣬ֻҲᡣ
ʱУڼһ㡣
ʣµģҲƽĻ׹Ԩ
Ѧ
ۿƽžµˣΪ۾˲ܻǿӵİȥ𣿡
Ѧڽıл⣺Ҫȥһ
ֵ̧ͶӰ
˻׷ӣһһ޳¸ˡ
ƽû˵
ѦڶĮӺѸı䡣
Ѧƺֻͨ˵ķţЩ˵ƿأ
оԺҪй¶ܣͿΪۣо
ʵϣȫʵҷ棬һһӹ̸Ӧ豸סգʱش
ôɻ鷳
Ѧ˵ģֻȡᡣ
Ƚ϶ԣʵұ¶˲䣬³Ǵݻ٣סֺ֮ǵ
ֻҪʱʵ˲ǻ
֮κˣ½֪ʵҡ
ƽü΢£
ⲻӡеѦڡ
ǰѦޱİ
ϸ΢仯Ѧ˵ģԺ󲻻ͬ£ʵһֹĻؽҿ˳оԺֻ⡣ҼоףΪһм
ԴǳϿҡ
ƽֻ˭ûʸһ޹˵мˣԼһǻĸ壬ʵһݣüֵߵȥֻͨˣҲӵĻȨоĵߣѦڣҲҵĵߡ
Ѧںݺ򴽡
ɢǰͶӰãһסĻԺҵо̤ߡⳡ޳֮һԽ³ǵһʧҿԳؽұ֤һΪֹ
˵ֲ꣬һ䣬һΣʵûκԱǼʱɢһ̤ߡһҪңûоԺҾ¡
ĳŵʧȥ԰Ľ³һ۲۵ĺϢ
ûߵ塪
ƽת˵ԭƻأףֹ޳ƷߡİȫҪر־衣
֪ѾټʵĻ⡣
ѦΣɬЦ
ס
Ѿﵢһ˿첽ϢʱѾó׼
Ѧڲ˻ףҲ˼Դ
Էһƽл׸ԴЯµԴ뱻
ƽ򿪼ʻʱѦ˵Ѿ٣ǻص⣬һµĻס
Сֺ
ƽ
ע⵽Ѧڵ飬ջػߵĻ΢һףá
Цݲ»صѦϡ
˵һ·Сģҵ
ƽûкѦڴʼնⳡսľġ
ʱϾûдеǰ˿ţ·ⳡǰδеĳ޳ԼΧƵֻޣֵһᡣ
ƽĿɨǰĸݡ
ʮ˻׸ĵ
Ͼȷγɹ赲޳ĽŲ
뵽⣬ƽջߡ
ٿѦһۣעⰲȫ
תΧһ𣬽˻׼ʻա
ѦڻվĽ¡
ССӰڻҰУֻʣǵ۾ķ⡣
Źرա
̽
ϵͳ򿪡
ͨѶƵͨ
ûм
ڶ
ѦָֹʲôЦôģλʲô㲻ֱƭ˰ɣ
һһ
ˡ
˶٣ٴҧгݣû̫࣬ˣǰװ벩ȡͬ飬㻹𣡡
Ⱥƽշӡ
ڵƵȴֻƽ߱ը
ƽֻһ١
ʣĻ
ɤƫƫƺһ˿ίͰڱķŭ㷢£㻹Ǻǰһ˵ʲô㶼ţ˵ʲô㶼Է磬ôֵƫ̻ʵͰǰ㻹̸Цûпǹҵĸܣ
䡣
ͨѶ΢Ρһ
Ҷˡ
ƽû׳߳
һĹ
ͨѶʾƽ
ǻ
ͨ
ࡣ
ˣƣҲϵҲҪƭˣҸղ󡭡
Ŷ߼ϵġɫĽ͡
ѦڴİĮȻڻ
ٿأƽЦһ
Ц͸궯Ĥ˵⡣
ȴת˲š
Ȼֹ
ãʣЦʲô
ƽı
ġ
ҲĻԷ硣     

 87 

ɽ·, ֪Ϊα쳣
ͨѶƵﱣųõľĬ, ֻźŲײĵ, á
ֻǰս, ˭Ҳûпڡ
Ż׸ƶĺ¡졣
Ѧڵѹǰߣһ·ײǰи׳ĿǿƳϡ
ڸ߿շ, Щͻ֮
ƽͻȻǰ, Ϊָ
һ, ӭ޳һ͵Ϯ
ԶܶӰӣϵƽڵת˲̿
ʵĻڷҡҷ
ڻҺͿ־Ĵײ
, Ƿ׷ŭ
, ܿ쵽ҹɫһ޾
һΡ
ս
ƽͻһһ, ӹŵ׵Ļ, Ϊ˻, ٳԴ͸޳Ļڡ
ը
ҽ
޵Ѫ
׵Ĳ֫
Ļ⡣
̴̱ǵ̡
˫һ, ˴˵Ĺ
ֻƽͻ, ûб޵ĹǣסŲ
˲޳Ĵ
һֻвޣҪǽ
ʮıܣ˿ɵ
ͼģڱ˪лΪҽ
˴žη߿ա
Ӱ, ǰƵƵ֡
ÿһΣ֮ǡ½һֵʤ밲
³Ǵ½⡣
Ƕ³޿ɺ⡣
ķƽ˾ΪԼѾǵǵҡ
ɽټ
̨̤ŻԶеĺɫףյӰ
עдһս
Ĳ¡
Ԩзء
һ׶ǧ
ս
ͻ٣
ƵкȻӵ졣
սʱĵ
ƽҰ
Ӹ߿ջҰֻʣ˻ǿ޴ĸ
һ߳ǽ赲ס޳ǰĽŲ
ܵĹâ̱ʡ
һ˲䣬⴦ԭλƫƧɽ½Ŀϼ⣡
ע
Żڸ·ϡ
ˡ
оԺ
ǧǧڣҲ
ѹ֣ǰÿһ³ǡ
ǲ֪ʲô
žǡ
ȫ
ֱµһֻ޽󣬶ûйĹģ
ᣬ롰ն׼ƻתˡû뿪³ǰ벽ûٲ׵ϯӷ֣ȻԴĵٴη⡣
һս
غ½
˿̷ӿ˹ɽģǴ½񡢳³һ֧⣬е
ӷڡ
;ѾõѾܹϢ
ͬʱԸָӹӷַͨѶ
ӷԵһͨѶƵ˶˽
Ȳȶ˼
ϯųôʵ̫ðˣܸϵôٵһأ
һλš
ϯԿ³ǣ³ǵţѾ˹ɽСʱܸϵܲȰ˵ųԵƬ̣
ӷɫࡣ
ǰʾ½ǣѭŵһСƵ
ƵƵڡ
Ȼܵȣܵȵֻޡ
Է޹Ȼ¡
ӷִϸֻ֪ʲô𣿡
㶣յͼ޵
Ȼ֪͸ÿóÿһӣղֹһ龧ʯڵ
ӷ˵ᾧʯ޲½жͬʱʮֻǣֻޣûƵĶ̶ʱڣ˶ֻޣ
ĻƵ˻ָ侲
ֻټ룬Ͳ亹
ȵ죬ʱ䣬ⲿֻûȫյңʱ֮У˭Ըȥ潻ս
ƵζŵĳĬ
ʵѼҪ˵졣
Ǽ̸ϵǰҲֻ·һ
˵ʱӷֵƣ̾Ϣ
ڽʱ䣬Ҳ޷˽ĵز
ǷʱѾˣ֮ôⲿֵʧȴоۿսʱ³ݣֻȥ꣬Ǿ´ʧȥ𣿡
Ҳû˳
³ǵָӹǣɫƵĹ̡
ӷֻᵱô˵˵仰ѾѲʧְ޷̵ĵز
ʵҲȷˡ
ټ˹ɽռ˿㣬ۼȺһֻޡ
ûһˣ˵ľڡ
Ҳûһˣ˵޳۵ĳʼڡ
ⲻֹʧְ
ֱǴ½ˡ
γĬУӷȹҶͨ
еǰûٶʱ档
Ҫģʱڸϵ˹
ߣҲףȥʱ䣬ǶʥݣٵƬϷ⵽޳ַϮ䣬˾󲿷˵עû˻ȥעһƽ̵ɽ
˹ڶʱڡϢۼ˶ޡ
һΪ³ǵȷѲи
ڶҲΪϷɾȥ֡
ԽЩ
ӷԽľ
ֱϣΪɺϡ
ɴ޵˽Уţ޻ӵǻۣȻѧ
ֱĵģĪĽǿ˼ά߼
Ҳǳһ㣬ڳǰû˵оԺų˽š
³ǻҪر
ⳡսȥ޻أһ֣㾡ȫͶսΪҪ
뵽⣬ӷֿƵ
һڻĻɴǰһ
΢
Ʊ鲼ƣ飬ҲʹĺͿɬȡ
ʮžܡ
ܸѪͨˣԭҪӽӳ١
ǰǳսĸܣʽͨһ
֮£˽޶սζʲô
㵱λǿ߹ֻ֣ͬͷʤ
ڣֻʣˡ
ҪԵģǱֻ޸ǿĹ
ӷ絶
ڿ޵ĵһģͷ·ڷˮ
ͶӰˣصѧ
ҲǴ½ֵڴǿߡ
ԭΪǰһͬƽ
ողŵ֪Ϣ
죬ȴٴαȽٴαսʵ
ǡ
ȴس
ļ⡢ֶѧ
ͨѶС
Ϊϯǿƺϡ
ɶһʱػխСļʻա
òȥ롣
ǽ
ƽͻֵס

Ĺͷָΰһǰأ
ʱ꣬ƺڶ߻صһ䡰ʦ
ӷۿʪȡ
ĵǺͼűŷ΢ָ⣬ڲѸߡ
٣
һЩ
ٿһЩ
ƽΪ˱һΡ
򰲶Ļϣʹֹ
սȻ
Ҳһ
һΣ׷ͺڷ˵ࡣ

ͬʱεͨѶӽ
߿ԵЩųѦڵ˻ǲˣ
Ѧִûʡ
Ƶƺһߡ
ƽҲûлش
Ҳʱش
ɽƵľѾӳҰ
ϣǰѵıƤа£ȫѪҺҲС룬ֻ͵¸Ȼ͹
˫ĤǵͫҲ͸޾
ңԶȱݵ˻׹ױȡ
ȫǺը쳹ɽȣʹ涼ҡΣ
ͷʯ¡
ĴȺڲ˻
ʱⲻϵС
ͫ΢΢һ
ǲӽ͸ıĤȻ     

 88 

ɺǵͫת
ĿΧɨӡ
, ճѪظѪճĲ֫, Ưžʯӫ⡣
׼һ޶޶ԡ
ǴӸ߸ߵɽһԾ, һͻķʬ, ڱڳıԴѸ¸ۡ
ȱƽͻһһ, ıС
ȵ¶Ƚ͵ȼ޻Ϊڳ
ҲѾǵء
ľʯ޷ֿ෴µܼл, ׷׿ѡ
綯̬ҡεҺѷ, һӴɢΡ
ܿ졣
δüѪصޱһ˿
Ѫ䶳ɱ
ھƬϵѪɫƽָҺзֻˮɻӳ, ݺݴƬ¿ѵıƤ
ʱ䡣
ʹ˻·ʵʡ
Ȼ˹ɽϿը
̶ŭβŶĤ, ϸܵڴн
ͬһʱ̡
˶֪
޳Ĵǳ˹עս, ڿʼˡ
ֻһоĴ
˭޷, , ʲôôɽĳ档
Ե, û̽ⳡս
ֻýҧ, í˾ǰƴɱ
˹ĵƽͻҲȷڳѹ
ƽڵһʱѾ
ֻҪнһֻǿ
ȶǼޣʵǷȻֹ
Ѫ, һ
ɻܶȴƺֻа
ԭȵġʳϣǰֻС㡱ˣȻʮա
ֽһӲƬѣٻҲǿ棬ֻڵ˦ɽҡΣʯ䡣
βĩ޼᲻ݵĽ׶
ٶ죬ʮ㣬մ˺ӵƿ
룡
ƽ̲ײſƬԴӻϹһᡣ
֮ա
ʱͫƬ
ѪɫŨɢϢȴв
߸ϰɺͫա
ѪѪ£µҺ
ÿһڵϣ̼Ƴֱ׵Ķڡ
ͬ޲ĶҺ벻⣬ֻӿб̵˿ߣ˲Ϯƽţ
оԺǿ֪ٱĻǣûб˿ֱӴðɭɭʴߡ
ǰδе
жԣСģ
ƽͷųǽ°εض
ǽͫ¶һĨ
ţβһ˲͵ؽǰ̴
һʱǽΧơ
һ̣ײ˺̶춯أᣡ
֮󣬻ĺ漴ϵ
޿ɱܵľֻӭ¡
δֻͷԭҹɫֵգȻð貶Ŀҫ۽⡣
һдӽת˲
˦βӿһ
¡
ݺѹޡ
ΧǽзӴײõζ
ֻʱۼֱ治Ľ֡
飬
ûмûйɣÿһӶгɰǧȥ
˫ǿѹסβı
ԶĺһƵþڰΧ֮޴ء
һ̡
âǣ
Ĺ⽣
´ʱվԭصһֻȫʢʱڵޣҲģʧȥ
Ȼ޵ķǰ
ƽԲٿصĽܣɱҲޡ
ʱĹаƬεס֮һβӿ
ʣ
ҲֻаûƤ⡣
ιɵ˺Թ㣬ҲֻƤˡ
ƽֱǿĶ֡
ƺҲʶһ㡣
ǻۣѧܺ
Ҳ˵ѧθЧץס㡣
ѵķŭڴʱܵʵԵ˺󣬶Ȼθߣ
ϵĽеʹࡣ
ȳѪҺϴι䡣
ѪǿҸʴԡ
Χֻޣ䣬Ѿɾ޴
ϵĿӶѾ洦ɼ
ͫеѾ⡣
ٶ˻һ
ƽͻǿƶҵĹ£¸ٿʩչĴ˿߿ǣΧſ
԰ǽȻ
εƬռ
ưβƷƵʱ
ѣضɽҡ
ƽͫ׽ȭڻǰһϡ
ķӦ㹻ʱȴȻ˲䱻С
ܵҳײжͱݺƷһͱڡ
ıΪһȦನ
ͬʱƽ
ʻ𾯸档
ƽָ̧ȥѪ˲ؿڴġܱʹǿѹŶ׷ԭλ
û¡
ԣݺ򴽡
ƽѾת
ڵ͵ȼ޵ĲҽС
ڳС
ϰȻأֲſ
ûѡʤ׷
ǶԶĺըȤ
һȻһ·ѹޣѪˮл˹ɽΧ
¹ⱻŨŨ֡
ҹɫõڡ
īɫƬһƬؼ伸ʧȥټ
ʵûٵĴ㡣
ٶȿó棬ظһ١
ȱҺʴ֮
˿ͬ¡
ǰϷĲҺΪƽͻָŷ
޵Ĵ㣬ƽ΢ü
˺սԸǼ˵ֻ˵ļӲ͡
Χǰߵߣ޷޵Ϯ
һƷߡ
ǧǧڱ޾Σ档
ĺ޷е
轻
ʻ
ƽͻٶ׷ȥ
ٶǺͼƥѸ
׷ãڿ׼ʱ䣬ֽ¡
ʱ
ը
棬Ҳ·ǰ
ƽ߹Ρ
ųǱô
ƽࣺ˻⣬ȫԱ󳷡ߴٵ³룬װ󣬰ÿһӡ
룿
ų㡪
ƽûк͹ιཻ侶ԹҶͨ
ǰսռеľ
ҵ㣬µĲԡ
ֻͫУƺ˸Źܵ塣
ڵ治ϻУŻ
Ϊ˷ֹٶ뿪ƽͻò½߶ȡ
޵£Ⱥ뷢˺ȴҲһһʴǵ
εĴ˿߽ǵڣûʤ
ƽͬʱע⵽
ڸղűʽĹ󣬾͵¸΢΢ԭ͸ĹâҲƬҲֹͣ
ǲʤ׷

Ʋ⣬һιġ
ָʣıԴ֧ʮͬĹ
һ㹻ֲ֡
ͻ޷Ĺº
ȺбըԳܵش
뵽⣬ƽҰڵѰ
ղŵľмͨ޵İæ
˿˫ͫȴȺ֡
Գ㣬޲ηһһνС
ƽüĽ
ͻ뿪ֻܱ޼ϵĹĥ
ȴһֹ
Ƕԣʮֲ
ⷢ뾡Ťתս֡
бҪҲٴǰľ
Ȼ˼䡣
ء
ԶȻȴ޴ĺ
˷ѹһ޵ĺУҰ޵ϡ
ƽ
Ҳ΢һġ

ӷֳδƵС
²޳޽
ˣӵкͬĲ²⡣
ڣ޾ǰ
ȴǺԴͷ
ǲǴ 
ɽУһֻ޴ڣ
⼸ǰϵĴ𰸡
𰸣߷еľ
ؼƺš
ըƬͣ͡
ڴ޳ֹͣ
û˿Ӱ졣
һ̣ƺյĳ
ȺĹøӷ
ݷľٶء
߸ϰͫлһĨѪĲб
˻δȫָ̹â
ɳʱϯ
ƶʱá
һΣĹΪһߡ
Ŀֱָ                        
лҪ˵β
ս֮¾ˡ


 89 

, գ
Դϵӹ̡
ƽͷŵĻҲ̷ǰ
һ롣
䡪
, ڱ, ЩƷ
ƽĻ׵塣
ؿڴûõʹ̼, ѪڷһƬ
һֹŸոտʼ
ֻԭʵĴ̹â˲ɢ˿˿Ʊ鲼߿ա
ƽ΢䣺Сģ
û, ˿ٿšһ, ЮϢ
һɭ䶥, źâ
ɲǼ䣬Ǵ͸ܣݺɫϡ
ƽüƳһۣڸƶ, ̿, ɲᣬͫ
˻һ˦β, Ӳ
ײ˲䡣
з׷סһ塣
ɫεˮʱ͸β, Ѫɫ, Ƭ
ɼ, ˵ֵ, עȻתơ
Ÿ߿յĻţΧĴԴԴ߿մݡ
͸ղŵݷȻ෴
Ȼ¶棬ԣֻԻһ˳֡
ƣ
ֻѾ²⡣
ƽڡ
Ĭ
ƬµѪˮ, 뱻˪
ıкβѪ⣬Ѫ
ʹŭ
ſѪڣɭ׵Ķīɫһ¸ٶ͵
ƺš
̹âأ
Կ˺ͨޣճѪڿƮҡ
ƽ΢
֮ǰȣι̡
Һܿ죬ͬʱ
Ȼ߶Դû֮񣬵ֹ
зѾŷֱϡ
⵽ƽǿѹסѪ˵սپ
⣬һֻܴڵĸǼڻ
Σʱпܱ
ûаգҲķ̫ʱ䡣
ǵشŸʴԵ˿С
ƽͻͬʱ³塣
մڼٶðŵ
˶û˿ͣ١
һ̣޷˪ת˲ӻǰᣡ
죬ֱХ
ǻΪšһľͷ籩ͬһĿȥ
Ʊϡ
ҹձӽȼ
棬޴ͫеӳź貶ĿӰӡ
âǵصĴ˿ڸǣһ·۵糸̴һ谭ž춯صֱֱ׹䣡
Σ
ͫһߡ
ŭ¸ٶ̹ǣ
ſƬڵβɳʯ
ܱȺΣ٣궯ӵԶӿ
ϧ̫ˡ
˲䡣
˫ȫһȻײ
ɫȻ谵ָ
š
ҵĳȦȦɢ˲ʵĳƾ졣
ǿѹȸнǼʱѹࡣ
ѪɫڳȾ
޵Ĳ֫ںзɽбɨһգֻ˸΢ľʯ
һ˲Ϊ֮Ĭ
ֻгӭǣѸԭ
ƽԺʹٴӿ𣬱¡
ƺλĵʹǰڡ
Ķڻ졣
ȵҺӶ߻£ǻҲѪȵζ
ûͣ¡
սĹ衣
ʱɥʧֻԻ˵֡

׵ʾϣ̳һŻʹ࣬ѪرðŰ̡
ʱ
βڶ
߿գϰ΢΢󳷣Ȼ¡
ӡ
ƽ˵½߶ȡ
ܿһƬ
ûڵͼһȦȺ
ƽ䣬ش˳ȥ
ʱ
ǰųֵģ˷ĳƺٴδ
ۿɼͣ롣
ŻٶȣĿеѪǼ·ʧȥҰޱܺıܡ
б߶ڻϣ޴β겻ô棬ҳơ
ƽ쳣
սݼţͻûеڶѡ
±ϢʼӣƺеӳĻʹ
īɫƬ£Ȼ̹ʢ
䡣
ͻȻٴػС
ƽü
ǽεض𣬵סȥ·
Ļʻȫ׷
Ȼʱ
ͷβתֱԲٵĻβҵ棬ȻٵУ
Ӵɽӭûͣ١
ڰת˲ɡ
Ҳ㣬ֱ
ī̵βըǽϽ⣬˱̴Ӳסϡ
Ĺ˺ޡ
ʧȥƣ¶¸㡣
ֻҪƽлڽӡ
ߣӵһĹһֱܷ
ΪޣǿУͨޣҲ˼״̬һӲӲԵ÷ǳ꣬ȲҪⳡս
ƽĸ⿴¸̹͸
Ա
ͷ˼Ȼ΢ҡ

ſѪڣͼͬһ𣬽¡
ıԴŻһʱ޷ͻƣٲȻ¶Ҫͻͬھ
øҲѾ쳣
ϣƽ˵һ䣺ߣ
ըɲţſܻӾǱڡ
ƽɫâһ
ʶĴ㣬ɫѸ𵶣ʹתھ¸ݺи
ȫԴԱƾ޻ܷǿܡ
һʱ֮䣬ƬɽѪҺ쭡
ŭһڽҧ飬Ӹ߿һ¡
ʱ̹Ũɫ
ƽüͷԽԽֽڵˮڡ
±ΧɨһۣĻҡΡ
ˮӿǰȴļ١
ƽû뿪
һԱԤϡ
øԶһЩ
뵽⣬㾡ȫͻƵ˲Ӿڳʯ
ʯѾѡ
һʧȥԣͻᱬը
ıϵܰ
ƽг˿ڴȳ罫ʯɡ
ͬʱƽĻɫ޴̽෴ˣ
˻ڰա
䡪
رɫıըƺƴ
ɽը
汻ȥһ㡣
ѵɽͷȻҲոµݵء
ɢѪƬ֮£һ̲һ̲ճȳѪء
ƽ̧ſ޶ܡ
Ҳեһ˿ǰһ
ˣ˻ڱըನѹ£ݺƷֱײڶϱڲűͣ¡
ƽʱ³һѪֱˤ䡣
۵Ѫɫǰŷغۼ
ԭҲҳϵͳŻˡ
˸ռ죬ûôǱӡ

ϽȨޣʹôָ
ů漴ȫĵľҲ
գۻָ룬ƽüͷ΢ɣлл
ϵͳսսܲϰߣҿ
Ȼû¹ܣ߼̳ǣһܽĻָսر˸䣬˽һ£
ƽûȥ
ˤ֮ǰײŵɡ
һԻҲӸ߿յ¡
ƽ˦תʱӪطȥ
ղŵıը̫ˣ˵ڽսߣԶĵ³Ƕܸо𶯡
˿̼ƽͻ˭Ҳ³˸ղŵĽ
ӮˣӮˣ
һ˱Ⱦ˷ܺϣʱǰߡ
ֻݼûܴ͸ףȾÿһˡ
ƽͷ۶
Ѧں͹εͨѶѾ쵽ڶ顣
һûᡣ
˵Ļ׵ģû۾
ƽ߶ϵܡ
̹âؿڣס
ɫ԰ף΢
ı
֪ʲôʱ򣬱Ȼʪ
ʧȥ˱ԴܵĹӦ
ڻ                        
лҪ˵ȷʵ߲࣬ιҪд⡣ͷ

 90 

صʱӪ, ƽŻٽ䡣
׵Ļе, صĳһȦɳ
绹ûͣЪ, ƽ򿪼ʻ, һԾ¡
Զĺըڶ
ܹâȾҹɫ
ز㣬޳ʱгƷߵΣա
ղһ𺳵ıըѾһ㹻ĵʤ, Ӣۻ, ʹƵ, ʱƽĤ
ֱ˷Ļ
Ŀʼ
һȦһȦӡ
֮ģǸOO@@ĵ
ǻų
ô£ų𣿡
սչƽɫҲԵò԰, δɵѪ, ƫԴƹ£ۡ
Żǰ
ˮйͨȺϽһͨ
ѦڴӲԶСܹ
ƽ, ˿, ҶһֱûͨѶ
߽, ·ע⵽ų𣿡
̵ϵԴԴûš
ƽ²ͣ, Ż߽
˷ڴ, Ѧڵȥš
Ѧ˵ȷ°㣿
ƽͷҲû̧ȥɡ
Ѧڶ˶٣ת뿪
֮ǰͷһۡ
ƽڴأſڡ
Ӱͼغϡ
ʲôʱĻ, Ż
Ѧֻս
̹ĺײϣع̧ſ
һ̣ҵ̹ʱ
ƽ˺ķ鰴š
ԵĹڻһ̡
ǿѹƣԭ⡣
ڳľʯӻԱԼըĳþ˻һ˿
һա
ѹƵĶѿڻ׳
ܵٶȣȲƻٶȡ
ԴڵĲġ
ϵܱϾڡԴⳡսУֻƶɢֱĨ
ǻıԴȫִԵܡ
ƽѡϣ
޾ʯڵıԴһ
ߵıԴͬߵҪ
ֹεܡ롱ߵıܡ
״̬ƣԣȻһ㡣
Ȼһ̡
ƽ΢

ڴϣƽͣˣڳ˯
ͬʱƽıԴûиܵκ
裬뱾ܵΡ
Ϣָ̹ŵĶΧ׷½ء
ʶϣƽеʮ˳
Сʱ
ܺתռϷ硣
ƽջؾʯĿʹԵĴʹ
ϵͳʱˢڸС
Ҫʹôָ𣿡
ϴαûӣͷҵ˺ľϡ
ȻҲܿõƽĻش
š
ϵͳѡ
ţĬһ£ֿʼսսҲ
ƽ
ϵͳ᣺СָСָĽҹˣ
Ͻϡ
ůһζ
ƽְ̧˰ۿ
ȴͻӡ
ƽ˶٣ô˵
Ŀһ˵Ϊֵˡ
ס˵Һãһš
ƽʣоô
ҡͷá
ƽ΢ü̹΢ﲻ
ǶһΡμ֮Ѧҵ̸Цô㣬㶼Ͽҡ
㡪
ֻ˵һ֡
ٿסƽ
еʹֻ࣬ǲ뱻ƽǱ
Һãһš
ϻź⡣
ػӡ
ʱĺѾ΢Щ١
ƽͿ׵Ĳ
ȥƽǿưԵȻЩ
յĻǰظ
꣬û˺ܶࡣ

ʺϳϡ
˱ƽְشϵ׼
ֻǵá
ֱȵ󾱺Ȼһȡ
ţƽͳ
ǷġҪ룬˰ɡ
Ϣӻ
ƵĹ̺ƽĵ¶ȴһս
õĻӦ̫롣
һʱֲⳡξûѡ
ΨһͬģǻһΡ
뵽⣬סƽֲɸʱ̲סﻺ޷εǹ⡣
ţǷġ
ʱͻȻһ
˵ų𣡡
ǵϡ
ſ˵ƣԭأʤһ˷ܣɻƵľ֡
ǡų
֮ǹΡ
ϾöˣһĻԣѾǼֲˡ
ܿ죬͵ؼ𡪡
棬ļ档
ƽ
εı˲佩ϣл裺ǡųġ

ѦҲ߽
ƽѾɿ
ɻȴȻƽ䡣
֮ͣûʲôɫ𣿡
ǣѦͣԭأٳûǰ
ڻոնɱޣԱ
ѹ¸ӵ飬˵ֵǵˣڣһʱ᲻⡣
ǵŻ񣺡ǿԾϢղһɣҪľͽǰɣ
εͷ˵ģǰǻס
˵ʱƽɨѦڡ
Ѧڵͷ
ϵ۾ס顣
βһ䣺ˣĲҪƶ𣿡
ƽתֹܲһֻޡ
סˣʲô
սḻܿ뵽˸ղΨһ쳣Ǹҵʱ;òǴǸġ
Խ˵ԽС
ֹһֻޡ
ֻ仰ú󱳵
뵽⣬ɬʣǸô죿
ƽҸԴء
ػս۾ڡ
ֻʣһˡ
Ҳסƽ󣺡Һһȥ
ƽһۣɣ¡
δ䣬ȻѦںȻ
ڻ֪˵ֻ޵䣬ҵ̽ͷɢȥЧʱһҪߡ
˵Ѧ˵û
¹ƽİΣҲͬѦڵҲˣڱϢҵֻޣҲû㹻ľԸ
Ѧ˵ִ֪磬ǣû޵Ķ֡һϢһ֪ͨġ
ƽûпڡ
ָսҷɣ˯һɣ֪һֱ͸֧
ƽ
˵㲻£һһ𡣡
ƽ֪˵
ʱȣû̫ԥء
á¡
仰³һ
תǵϺѦһȥ
ûעǵĶֻսƽûɿ
ߡ
һãҵ˻ûá
ƽ˵һŴľ룬ֻһס
ֻĻҲŰȣֲǵһ˯㻹ϰߣ
͵
ԣˮǺûڵأһŲȿգˤЩʺ
ǵ߻
ųǻУҲǻУ찡Ƕ˯ˡô˵᲻Ҳǡ
û˵꣬ͱһ˦ںԡ
ٺ˵˵
ǵſںߣô˵ǽףŴģ
Σ
ûŴǲ֪
лڡ
ųĻûлŴˡ    

 91 

ƽʱ, Ѿճ
ϸĲӽӰ˳ŷ϶, ڵ°߲ۼ
ҹս޵ĻҺͿ־, ƺɢһա
׵ĺըѾúԶ, ӵ춯ڸǡ
ûۣ˷ЦѾ嵽ϡ
һʱƽı仯
ˡ
ס
ƽ΢
ͽǰ
˫ڳ׺, 浹ӳֻССƽӰ, һ
ĴҲѹסЦ, Ӳ͡
ƽ˺ܾãôûң
Ҳס
΢ƵĵͳɤĤԵ顣
ȵĺ޷, ҲƮƮȴջǵ
һ·Ǳĵ, Ѫܡ
ٿ˽ࡣ
ʶߣƽǼ⡣
ܾûкúϢ, Ҳ㡣
ƽ, ΢
, ϵı̺, 
۳Ŵ, ûǹĳ⳶һЩ¶һǣηսҹ˹Ҳˣ޳ûܳƷߣһлڿС㻹ٶ˯һ
ƽ, ̧졣
ת˲ֱ˫ֻս޹Ƶģƽ
ܿ죬ϵֻɢɫĹ⣬ֻ鰴ǰ
оô
Ĭá
ֵ֮شϣͷȵĶ䣺ѹס
һҹڵĶزø˴룬ҲҪʱ
ƽ˰Сʱơ
ջؾʯʱ˵ʱ䣬սúˡ
ĻüʣҪȥĶ
ƽȥתת
Ⱥѹơ
еĸǼޣһҹû¶档
սڴķչ
ܾ鲻ô򵥡
ⳡʷǰӴ޳ûд֮ȵĽȡ
ҹޣʱҲ׷Ϊ޵ƣֱû·
ǵ֪Ӻζĺƺޡ
Ȿ쳣Ѷš
в©ٳţ̫ץס
ֻǣ²ʵҹֻпܳԽǼޣΪʲôûг֡
յʱͻĴԵڶֻǼޣ׶༪١
벻ͷȥһ̽
Һһ𡣡
ƽ΢١
Ҫԣڲܶܡ
һ˴ͨޣҲòҵܡ
ƽҪڡ
ȴ˵ο
ƽϴֽֽ̨ǻڡ
ڰһ˲
ƽվ
˶٣Żͷô˵Ӧˣ
ƽһ䣺ҲӦͻ£
΢̣ᡣ
ƽɨ۵׵Ц⣬ҲȻת˵ץʱ䣬
߻ȸ
á
˼ϴ󣬻Ϸſڡ
˵
֣ǲǿô˹ķ
ԣǵϡ
仰ǵƲƲ죺ڲ˽¹Ķǣϣˣ߲Ϸ֣һ֧Ͷųˡ
θȣˣô£
ϢҲƽ΢⡣
ʱûе¼ͨѶҲǼ״̬Ϣ˽⡣
ʥݺֻ֪״ſϷ
Ϸ춯ѽ˴룬Է׵ʵ̶ֳȵս
ҲǸ˵
ǵϺܿ˵ϷԴýȱͻȻ˳޳ԱҪȥ֧ԮϷʣ󲿷ֶĵˡΪ˽ʡ֧һ޼ҿɹƽ񣬿ɰûսͨˣɱ˲ɱˣѰ׷ȥˣúͻȻ
ԣƽ𵱳ʥ
Ǹû˵ѡ
֡ʡ֧Ȼ
ǵϲ˵Щϣǡ
α΢ŭɱƽ񣬷׼ֱɥĲ񡣡
ϣס
˵֣ǵмֹʹޣоĳˣ£Ҳ
ƽ⽥
̸䣬ͻѾߵǽǰǵϣоģ㾿˽١
ǵ죬˵ܣҲܸǡ
ƽǿѡ
ǰһ֪֪νܣǰòһ³ǵ᣿
ǵϲڵ˰벽ųָǽ
ۿɤźЩ޶ԣñս졣
ҡ
Ϊ֮
ĿѾתΣ׹٣ûõĻף
æȰ˵ǵ˻ûãսȶʱҪԶ֣
ƽҪҺͻֵʱ
˵ڵʲôһҹȥѦҲûҵ˵ޡ᲻ᣬʵڣ
սûл᲻ᣬֻлᣬǲᡣ
ƽ˵׼ûĻףǼ̳
ҧҧֻȥﱸ
ƽͻҲת״Ŵ
Ȼʹǵϵ
ȵȣ
Сŵǰ
в͡
ʱĵɫһŲʲô£
ǵϿƽϴԥҲǶ޶ԣֻҾ˾˵
˷ǵʱ䡣
ǵ߬ȭ
ƽЩ£ӦԼжϣĵ׵ܱҲֻԼľҪиҪôǶԵġ
䣬ԻҪ뿪
˵
ǵϿƽ
֪ΪʲôԷĪԸӡ
źƽƵ
ʱԼں˼ҹż˵
ƽ
˵ҲȰ
뵽⣬ǵһܸ¶ģ
ʵ顣
˵
оģоԺоĺľݵ㡣  

 92 

ƽǵϡ
, ˵ķ
ǵ, ע, ҲΡ
ǵϱ鲻, ̲סܿߣҾ˾ʱ򣬱͵һЩҾ˾˵ʲôƻɹˣʵһҲ, , ˵ʵǷ, мûʵ黹ûͷоԺӦ֮ġ
˵⣬ǵϻعֻоԺͨоԱ, ȥоûж, ûнӴĻܣ, ǰоĳ, ñɵ³ȡ, ӹһ١
ô˵, ¹ʷ, оĲоԺдȫԱѡ
ƽʣ֮ǰ˵ϣҲоĵˡ
ǵɫһоĵΧػţоԺкǾµĺӣûоܣͻᱻ, ͽʵҡ
֡⡱ƽҪ͡
ƻʵ飬㶼˽٣
ǵҡҡͷࡣֻ֪ƻйأʵʵ飬پģҾ˾˶̫˵ΪȷʵľԱԣоĵĵȼƶȷǳϸЩΧоԱ࿴һʵҶʵݣֻкĳԱʸ֪ЩĳԱϢǲڵģֻоԺԺ˼еļӵʶݵȨޡ
˵ţ룬һ䣬˵оԺڲһֱһλĳԱûоԺ߲㣬ûõ֤ʵʵģҲû֪˭
仰ƽͻһۡ
ʱδ
ǵϿ˵Ѿ֪Ķˣǧܰͱȥɱҵġ
ɢܣԴߵһԣˡ
ο߹ûע⵽ɫ׼ˡ
Ȼƽ˵Ļأûȫ޸Ҳһ̨
ƽ΢һס
״Ŵͻһǰһ˼ʻա
һʱͨѶ
żɽѦڡ
ƽȷ
ţ̨װεض
ǰ죬ƽĻɫⲻҹۣ˺ܿ콥нԶ
˵оԺѦڵ̬һֱ塣ûҲȥⵣηԺԺ
֮⣬ڽ³Ƿֵʵңõ֤
ô
ƽ˵ǰ½֮һ̸̸
˵óߵڰף㲻ҪĻ
֪
˵ĶԻ˸һ䡣
׼ɽٷУûãԴںըĻӰӳҰ
һҹȺĹóٶۡ
֮ӵв֪ƣ˻ףʱʱϵ֧Ԯӣʱ̾ѡ
ֻ涥ǰء
о޴ĽȸѹţǰδеΣ˺ƣ
ƽͻԽͷʱս
̨ͨĻףûоκˡ
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ȻеĹֹסųִ񣬲Ҫǡ
ų
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üͷûлشתԶ
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ڼ·Ա򣬲ŷ־ѪѾɴ롣
ǰԭ޳ڳֶϲ㡣
Ϊֲ̫ܼǳԱɨսɵɱżһܶһҹࡣ
޵Ѫⱻ飬ֻľʯڵر
ʯıԴҲ޽Ļ
ڣȺƬɨĿյأЩʯҲˡ
ƽͻעͣ
ֱɵĴѪϷա
һֻ޵ĳѨڿյһƬĹء
Ѫر˱ģ
ɵľ޴Ҳԭء
ӶУ⻹ڱԵһͬڱУϢ޲
ʯѪɫһĨ⣬Ҳ޵ע⡣
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ͣº󲻾ãһٽӽ
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Ѧ˵㲻Լ壬Ҳˣòװ˾ȻѵҲϢ𣿡
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ˣԭѦڲ˵Ҳ׼۷
ϾƺأʻײҪܣȴҲ
Ѧֲ䣺˵Ǵ絽ڶûгԷӪ׼ͣô˵ҪԵġ
ԣƽֵ꣺ϻȥ̽װãκ춯֪ͨҡ
ѦЦá
ͨѶӶϿ
ƽԻ˵߰ɡ

ƽû壺ʲô
ûлش
ףֱֱ׹䣡
ƽü΢ء
Ѿ򿪼ʻգһԾ¡
ƽĴ㣺޳ĵش㲻뿪ףʲôصʱӪ˵
ԭվ
˵Ҳȥ
ƽʣΪʲô
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δ䡣
͵زƽòҵڣ
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ɻǿΪʲôڣ
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ƽ˵ʲôʱ㡣
ǰ
ǰһʹûŹңŵ֪º޲ð˦һߣĴźá
ƽƺͦļ㲻Ҫܷˡ
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ƽ˵׽ûв㣬Զҡ
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סһۣŻعͷĿڿմ˵˵ֲˣαҡ
䣬죬Ц΢ɬֲһ䣺οôҪãҸλã⡣
ƽü㲻Ҫȡ֡
ʲôǴ
ƽͻƢ޿κΣֻת˵˵ôã㲻𣿡
뵽Ѧͣ
ǳĬ
ûһ룬ƽתȻҪ뿪
ң϶ʱҡ
ȻһץסƽֱۣҪȥĶ
ƽɨǽڷ׵ƣſʻ䱸ӪҺ㲻ߣһ𰤶
һɡ
ֲҴܣһţһʱհףղţǴһ˻ȥ
ƽʣһȥ
ʵҡͷ롣
ƽ֡
Ǵң
˵ŻѹֲסЦ⡣
Ũĵףɢӽϸչݺӡ
ƽͻӡ
˫ȻĵͻȻƿĿ⣺ɵ
û˵꣬Ϻһů
ջߡ
˫ۣϸܾĽë΢
ɫ·򶨡
ȴź彩ֱ
ƽָ̧Ĳ
ָ£ҲһƬ
ĵȶս
ۿȥŵӲϲĻ㱡
㡭
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ûֹ
ȵĴڴĥ
һת˲ӣ֫ٺ
Ȼ
ıϲ
ＷƽĵӰ

ɷԡ
Զ                        

 93 

۽ƽֱۡ
Ҫ˵ʲô, ͨѶƵﴫε롣
˵ͨѶһֱڰ״̬, Ĭͨ
һ, εʹӶڴ
ų, յϯĵϢ
ʱõľǡųƺ
ƽֻǰϰ, ڻų, û˻ע⵽
Դ˵Ļ, ҹϣƽܵ
ԣƽü
ǰӷֵҲһֱá
ڡնж˸, Ҫս, 
ȻѾ·ϣҲûж˵ʲô, ֻҪɡ
ס
ζ˶, Ҫ˵Ĳų, л˼Ƶ, ֪, ΪѾˡ
üʲô£
˵ҷˡ
ƽͶӰ˰͸ϵĽͼ
ͼһű
ǷŴӴֵ⡪
ѻϯӷ֤ʵƽϵҥԣ߹
ʱ䣬˿ɨʱ˵ҲǸողŷ¡Ķ̫󣬼˶, սƵȥΣϢըˡ޵ȥϯƲ·Ͻܵɷá
ûкӷֱͨƽʣʦʲô˼
λأϯû˵ֻ̫࣬˵һеȼ
ƽͻһۡ
Ҳãʡý鷳
˵Ѿ¹滮ϢΪϯ׼ģǻûʱҪʱӪأֱȥϢɣñ¡
仰ſں˵
ԴϱƽϢʱӪز˵Уٻܶ˶ƵΧε
ϻѪҲһҪȥ
Ȼʧȥһȡ
Ŀƽ
ҲҪ֡
ΪĴӳȻ֪ˣʱڱɧŵͷۣѾʱͨѶܡ
ѣƽûڡ
ȵꡣ
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Ҳֵöһܺƽദ
䣬ƽת
治ɫѵ˵˻е
Σ
ҧгݣջģӻûҵ绰أ
䣺֪
Σ
һȥ
ͨѶжϡ
ƽ
֮ľ룬ÿԸܵԷĺ
ƺҲڿ
ҡ
ֻƽѾת߰ɡ
Ҳûա
һĨȡ
ĨɢȥѹסЦ⣬Ըղžļ䡣
·ԶɼıӰǰ
ֻҪ֡
ߡ
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á
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ǰƽڷŴĻҰУͿ˻׵Ӱӡ
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Կǣ鼱תֱ
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ȻȶӵĻ⣬ڣҲֻһͨߴû١
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Ѧһ㶣̶ЦˣһЩüһ
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ɤ䵭Һƽסһ𡣡
Ѧڽһ١
΢Ŵƽ
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ղš
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Цϣ˵ȥ˯ɣ˵ܼӽڡ
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ջߣַҪ٣
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ǰʱҲû¶ټҵס

ӦҲࡣ
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ת˳ɹʾ
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ƽ
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ûƽ󶨵ĻҲҪĳ˵Ĵȡ
ĳ˻ʣ
ҲֻֽЩҪãȥ                        
лҪ˵һ᡾д

 94 

ˡ
Ѿʼ, ƽ˵
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, ƽ̫Ѩһ, ͸֧ĺ֢΢΢ü
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ƽ˫ۡ
˵Ҫʹ, ڱҸҪϢ
, ˳, һ֣κ쳣Ѧں͹λ֪ͨ㣬֮ǰָ
һվһ
ƽͻӡ
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ĺƽ೤Ҳڲ֪С

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ƽ˰̫Ѩת
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жݣȺӣֽܣΣԼߡ
ƽĽ飺βС
βµû̫ʧҲԡӦòŴ̫ȥҿѦҲ̫ġ
ƽüĺ¡𣺡ʲô
˵˵ѦҲ̫ġΣգֱ̨ûиװµĻһû
ƽȻͣ
ιԳףϽʣų
ƽüĿ̺
Ծ
һֱֻǼޣֻ޳֣Ҳǡ
˵öԡ
Ѧһ磬ôɿڡ

ͬʱ
ʱӪء
ѦڿŻЦȻŵº͡
ͨѶ޷ӣ
ܡ
ѦڿԶʱӪص֣Ѿ
ͨѶ޷ӣвεźŶѾΡ
ѦںϾǰЦԽŨΪһᣬƽȣ
˻׿Զص塣
·֡
ڵĶضʱ
ɱң
Ѧ˵ⲻԶ׼
֣ǰıʱѣڿڡ
ûκĲ
ŵܡ
ȻݷѾõĶط·һڷδܡ
Ѫ̷ӿ˳һ㲻ϳ
̧أڳɫ㾿ʲôˣ
ѦЦݽ䣺Һα͡
䣬γԴǹָҪһ㡣
ǿʹ࣬ǰ²֣ڽɵ˲ѡ
Ѧڵ̫죬Ŀǰʵ޷ֵ
ŵԴ̱ƽ
ǧһ䣬ܿغӭѦڡ
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仰
ߵĶȻը
˲䣬˫ϥƵܼʹ͵ʹԽŵӣʱӿȫ
ܵµĥǰڣƲסǰģڵء
Ѧۿôǰ󣿿ϧɡ
ǺһӿѪɺɫ䣬Ⱦ½ڽ»ۡ
ЦɱңƽҲῴְࡣ
Ѧһ˿âסڡ
ֱͦ
ҳײʹ༸ѣ
ҵѦڣʱ³Ҹҡ
Ѧɫ䣬סڣ
ٶȾǹָԶϣҿ㻹ôɣ
飡
ǹ졣
⡪
ߣ
ͻܵԴ
ˡ
ѦڸͦϼŵľƬ΢΢˸
̾һ
ӽڣ㲻ġ                        
лҪ˵Ȼûд꣬һ¿



ƽķԸ, ΰһ֧ӢСǰĿ귢ּ顣
һϵȥ, ʣų, Ӫص׷ʲôˣ
ƽһȥ, ʵڷĲ¡
ƽûٿڡ
ʱӪûκϢ
ͨѶƵͻȻӲϡ
ܲ
ԴεĻͷ֡
Բ׽Ԥޡ
ԤУǰ֮ǰ, ҲһΡ
ϢĳĬͨѶɢ
βƽΪʲôͻȻط, Ҳڲǽ̸ʱ, ƽʱķȫ٣

ʱӪС
սոտʼ
ӷվڻ֮ǰ
һͷֻ˵, ǶĶ, ߣԽԶԽã
Ѧⲽ
ʱ, ƺЩɡ
ͷܲ
չⱻڵ
, ɫѾ谵
, ӷֻѦڲпĲ, ˫ڰɫ, ҲȻ˸΢ľƬ
Ѧںٴ۾
Ĳӷֲס
ڵ˫ްɺ۾
δѦڡ
ȥºͿ׵ߣ˿̵Ѧڣޱ, ȴ׺ݣ˶ɵҰޣľ
ӷսȣðɨ
ֻһۣ絶
վԭأɫ԰ףֱǰѪôۣǰֹס嶼΢΢ҡΡ
˽Լѧ
һǿƵĻӲǰ¶һ˿һƣ
֪ڳʲôĥ
ӷۿת˲̣ҧشߴ٣߰
٣ʹʦ
ô㻹𣡡
ǰߴıӰ
ڻжվˣþ
ѾѦ׼
ʦǰ
ĸۡ
ۡ
صٿս
ԥֻ˲䡣
ӷֻ䣬תָ
ʱӪѦڵ˻ס
߳ȦƽϢ
Ķӷֳһ
﷢ǡ
һֱѦڣҲͬʱѡ
˫ӣӷȵֲѦڣǻʦʲôط㣬ҴⲻǣҪңΪʲôҪô
Ѧҡͷ
˵ӽڣ㲻ġ
üͷԴǹ
ΪӷｹϻǲԣֻӣΪȡʱ䣺Ĵɱң
Ѧڶ΢١
Ƭ̣ԭֻһҪ
ϲ̫ܡ
ƽʱˡ
޴սĹؼʱ̣ӷҲ벻ΪѦڣΪʲôҪɱ
Ѧڲʱ˼
ԴǹĶڣѾ׼
룬ӷ̧ͷܣǰ㻤ܣ̤żѦڣ
Ȼ̱ѡ
ӷ֮ձܿӵ˷
ڳ˳ˣûޱԴƣжݡ
ֻܱܾǰ񶷡
ѦڿĴ㡣
ȴûзϡ
ǰӭһңֻø졣
ӷɫѿ
ѾԽѦڣͷܾԽ
ڵѦߣıԴڣѾͨû
ûѡ
ڱѦȫע
ûܣҲü֡
棬ѦȻվţûаַ
ӷüͷ壬΢תǰ̶һ϶
ڼѸٰγеĶ̽磬Ѧں
ĽںڰҲâ
Σձƽ
ѦںЦˡ
ҲнӰת˲Ŵ

·ײ
ӷͫȻ
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ǰ
Ѧڵĺӡû¡
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ӷѦڲһŵƬ૵㡭ʲô
Ѧ۵ײźâѾ۶
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ӵУϰݺһΣڳµء
Ѫ籡
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ȥ
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Ϊϯ½ǿƿߣӷֵʵСûܣ񶷵ļɣҲɱʮ㡣
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Ȼǰһֻ˻ΣȲſվȣȴֱͦ壬Ȼ·ϡ
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飡

ųӪΧ˴ųײܽ룬ô죿
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ʱˮ࣬Էڶ̷ҲѾʪ͸£Ժֻʣһƴڶǰ߶΢΢䣬ɨǷһһαˮ顣
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