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Ļˡ

ף
1.Ů
2.ǷƣȫܿգǴ

ݱǩ ͢   ˬ
ؼ֣ǣ  ǣ  
һ仰飺Ļˡ



 1 

ʯ᾵ɽ³Ű˸ߵҰݣʢĵȷ紵ҶһƬƬˣ¶ɽŴԭڸסһɽ
߼ǰЦгһ죬ɽԼ͵ڡ
ڣֻˡ
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ߣ綾ҧһھҪŵȶˣҶֱֻͦͦվţϰźһɤӣûУ
տҰû˼ֻкķӦȴ˾һ㣬ͻȻֱݺҧסȡ
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үĵŮͻȻ
̧ͷһߣˡ
ʱͷĶŮò޿衣ǮƣȥӼҶӣӲҪңϵϴӦЩ˴򣬵߹Ծվŵ׿ڴӦԲ
ӼңסҪ£ȴɽĻᣬѰ棬һʱɫϴӦˣյط㰤ҧ
үڵ𣿡ƺû۲һббһۣ˺촽
ͷһɲУеһҲ޷ֻǰˡϸüķۣСͦεǣǱݮһ㣬̲סҪȡƷĴΪԷɢʼ軨۾һɲͷǰûڡ
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үô˵߲ݣ߹ʵ
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ӣĵεסץӣԵ֫ԾɿססһԳ˵үҧˣү
ץһԲݣں£үҽ߲һ
Եĸоǰأһƨڵأ϶˵죬㣬ҳŲס
ѽ߽һϸֱָΡΡָߣ
ѵ˳ָķȥǰҧĶ߲ûߣűߣҪ
ǰһڣٹ˲棬һңң
ͬһʱ䣬ٴδǺݺһڡ
һİۣ̱ڵأģĿӰӰ´¿֪ǶĻþģٵƺЦ
֪˶ãߵǰ΢΢˲ӯһյ˵үǧѽһء
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ĵһͬʱм˵΢ۣԶŮζ
ϹŵĺɰȡһҩƵĶӵŰѺɰ˻ȥ
۲ɾϵѪֻа׵ָסߵβͣǰ˻ΣȳѪһͷһ촽΢΢Цţֻƽһѱŵ¨
εǰѶͷȥϵҰˣһѰ¨סʬҪʲôĿĵز²ţȴȻС
ĵ۵ˮϣЩճЩɬȴճסꡣƺǡ¡ƺǡ¥ڻ죬һŮӣôЩ֮
ʱ˳Ĳѩɫа֫ǰ¡ֳɻԲ˵ĺͷһ£޶˱Щڿʡ
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Ů̿ʱ̺Ĵ΢΢ţڲм
̲סǰ̽ŬҪøЩȴڴʱһҽУˡ
ߴʴүҵð˿ڻ˷Ѫö㣬үŵۡ
˾ñһƺڿޣУзЦ
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ĵ׵ĺԽԽŨҲԽԽŨ˻
һϢվʱķȥ߳ȥʮүҧˣ
ʱ󣬼Ҷ̧Ĩں棬ȴЦ
ŲƾǿҪȴ 
ԭߣһͷŸ֦ŮĶꣿ˱ضУô֪߳ϣôǸ׶ԸĲݰ 
糿󻶵ʱ͵͵ɰߵҩֺȥɽɽʢߣȻҧˣûоΣ˵ҲҪڴɹһ꣬ҪٵùЩ˵²м
һûɧֿƣסЩĶˡһ֮ʲôΣɾ˭˵׼ˡ
ȺԶˣǣ֣߳ܰں棬죺үʲôȻҧء
µĲ߱Ϊ׼ġ˷ʧķ˵ߣȥӼң
ߴϵҩ̻ʱɰʮǮ߻ġɰһΣʮöͭǮ໥ײö죬߷΢䣬ȻȴһζѵõҩģץһĶ¾ˡ
ʱһ̧ͷͼԼǰ˩ƥĵĿͣסӣѵˣ
ϵֽǰȥһЦݣоˣ
һ
߿ǰˣ̧°üҾã                        

 2 

ҾӼΨһһϹϸڶߡ
һũľӣûľͷõþˣ׵ϷŻƣΪãȥһصС
еĶ򵥳¾ɣΨǰŮѳĵӣŨīزʵģɽ飬Ի
ܿԣҾܣֳʧɢá
ôϸҩ㽿޵ķ潥صһֻȽǰˣȻڡ
ûйŮŵˣ֫۵ֱ̬۽ģеˮɫϵ̺죬عƻ
ͻȻ̾ôֿܣȴƫƫѡĸ硣
ߣɫȥǺŮ걻ȸշУȴϱ⣬㡣Ѱ˺ܶ꣬䣬صĸؼҡ
ܰæȡӷϣϵ˵һ⣬лϵЩչҼС㡣
ϵһ£˼ǲȥ
ſߣȴ°ɡ
תܣЦӯӯɫˣίںסһߡ
ֳĿڣ̽ܵġһꡣһ磬ӴȷǵĹϵˡ
ȻˣҲֻһһˡͷãá
ҹ˾һ˳Ӱ᷿ǰʱһȴһѶ̵
ĵ֮ķ϶ȥס˨Ųܿ죬˨䣬Ӱһ
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ܵ߬˺
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ϸŮٴοˡ
ָƣСķŻ´ۣܺ߬סûüߵ֡
ڰУƣʲô
еŮûеĻңȻһЦ᷿Щ䣬¸綳ţ
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Ŀӯ뿪һĽȥһע޷ߡ
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ȡܸӻŰɣڼҲòЩ·ϻ
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ȻһЦǿί𣿡
һ磬źձ򾩳ǳϵͳȥأĨһֽϴθϼʱģ
ߵúܿ죬ϵӰһڵ㣬ߴֽۼӣңԵ졣ö죬Ҳ֪˶õǮôһС
߸ЦݣȴһͽУߴܵΪûϵ
̧ۿȥԺأӣǵˣ 
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͵ҡͷҪͷϳȥһ㣬йأϵȻжȴҲӡ
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ССԲǰܵͷţյٴθͷ̲סʵǲ飿
ЦЦؿһӣҳдˣ裬ᵯá 
Ǻ˼ҵŮӦûġ֪ԣȴôѧģ
֪˿϶Ҫҡգգۣԣһǲ˵˰ɡ
Բӣں촽֣һ͵һ˳ȥ
·Եľɿȥܽ˫üǰģڰǰһ½μཫᷢ£ԲżѰϣŤתֻܾ֡ȴʧ䡣

Ҿǰͣסȹӯ£漴һ˭³ģûأ
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ͣסӣʵ磬ǣ
⸾Ȼųȴӡ
ܵĸߵ֡
ǰ˵˼ƵˣȲܳӻ棬ӾҲûط˵߿ŽܣЦЦ磬𣿡 
Χʱǲصͷȴ̲ס͵͵֡
̫̫ص㷿үҲ֣쾹ûŵѾͷ˵ˡ
һǵͨ죬־ŭҳͷҲǷӵҪһԺԭһѾͷֻ꣬˭뵽һ
ӡڱ̬ǽƻȴ޷ܾ֣С
һź˲ֱɷסС㣿ӻûﵱһС㣡߸ɤ˵ū֪С𷣡
ˣ߾þգͷһҲ㣬°ɡ 
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𣿡߿ıӰʵΪʲôһҾģ
Ϊãһˡ̧ȥãֻЩԾ
ֻǳԾոյģǾдŷŭ
߸Ͻܣʵ˭

 3 

С
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ĸףӰýӻˡƿһʾǰ
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̧ͷĿഥ˲䣬γվʵ㼸ꣿ
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˵㼸ꣿγЩȲߴ١
䵽һ֪סġ߱ʵʮ
ʮγؽУҧгݵ˵ܺã죿
߱û˵ʵʮ
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˵ܴ治㻵ֻǣԽԽǾÿɡⲢõĺã˶Ůˡ
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ʲôγʱ˭ȥģֱ޷죡
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лҪ˵ߣ˵޹ؽҪˣ
ˡ
ҴˣҴ
㡭

 4 

԰С
߹ǰɫ˳̫̫ϣŮһݡ
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ʱ˴ɨӣָ·ԭżԺãӦȥû뵽׻Ǽǲˡ
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Ҳһ£̽ʵ޹ӣ
գȻǷǽģԷλ󣬼ҲţȻˡһӣ˽֮⣬ֻϺүľĹʽ֮ӣˡ
Цǡ
´ʵҴδں㣬˭
߲²ݣּϱҲֻһЦôٻᡣ
첽뿪ȤĿʧڻľתϣߵͷƿţ߽ʡիУŴˡı˵ˡҸڻ԰һˣʲôʱˣ
ˡƺǰһöӣ˵Լǽܸմһá
òǺмް˵Ļ
ˡеĺӱٳûȥ
һ·ոҵʱ·̧ͷͼִŽºͼԶһָ˵̫̫ˣ
´ӱǰûüڣʵ£ҷʱ˭ģ
һ⣬ģ̫̫㷢أ
ô΢΢һЦ˭
ңְͦ߹̫̫Űˣ̣ܽҷǻϽ֣
ǵæ·ߣӣһǿҪ˵ļơ
Ӱ󣬴ˡֶɫƽؿǰһУ˿ûгͷֹ˼
㲻ҿɾˣԾԾԣ۸
ˡû˵ 
ߵǰ߼ץֻžһ죬һϡ
лҪ˵һμ棬ٺ~

 5 

һƬž
ã˻źеҴң
Źγô꣬ںҲֻӲһ㣬û˭ô
ϲڵĻң䣺ľ㡣
ʱѾһƬ˪ʲôҿ̫̫Ͻһ֣Ͳ֪ߵغ񣬸ǰֶˣ
һ˶С㺰ɱҰ쵽СϷ·ǺĹأһͰ͵ػʲôߣڶ
һ˵꣬ʱǰߣ˭ҲûЩĿɿڴסˡ
һ̵õ廨ģˡѵҪߣ
ᡣˡĿ׷ߵӰ˵ڶġ
ĺǱģǲߡ
ɴʱߵһڶģһ룬ȴЩؼҡȻ࣬аΪǼ֮УȵһˣһȫǱơ
Ҳ֢ˣ˺һ֣ܻи
Ӱ棬ˡԸӣ֪ͨգʱԺĶҡ
ת뿪Щģ׺ĺܣֻôӲҪԿȻҸȥһۣڣܻЩ˼ɡ
ˡһۣͷһͰѺֵ췭ظҴӣԿ
ѽӲҡҡͷҲǸ޿Сӿںߵ
ûȤˡ²ͣ  
ͣסţҽȥ
ˡͷʱѾߵԶˣˡɼҡҡͷҽܣǰڴſΪһ仰ͳ֣ӿ϶Ϲȥˡ
̶̼һºТ˳ĽΪĸ׶ԿֶΣôʲô޿С
ԺС
ߺܿʰ˱ͲһƤţҪʱܴҴææ˹ǰͷ˵ʲô
߿۾ʪˣҪؼҡ
һ۽ǣΡΡģȴʼû£뵽ǿᣬĶˣοļҡ
𣿡ǵǡڴʱ£ߵסˣҰŲòɵ˶Һɱ
ܵԽýˡ
γһֱǲݵĶͷ߸ʱȥϣҪվһϣԹγȻŭôȰִҪѵߡԭȥȰţܲԿû뵽ֱӴ֣Ҫߡ
ϸƺҲûԿһᣬȴԼʮֵضԲ۵˼㡣
㲻Ҫߡ첲ŵİϣȥĸ˵
ʲô˵ģγŭ漴𣬡˭ĵӸҴ֣˼ʮˣǴҵ
ĸϢŭææӭȥסֱȶö֣òѲŽѵ
Ƿҵγһըˣ̶ôҲ˸𣿡
ѿ˵ĸףòˣֲˣ
γֱ죺úúãӲˣСֶˣٹǲҲˣ
˦ܣ첽߽ȵ߹£
ߵ˵Ҳ򡣡
Źγ¶һǳЦϾͻؼȥӽûйϸҲʹˣ㡣
ôʾγԸҲûҪٷֻǵ᲻ߡ
γϤǵϤĲмƣʧȥǣ˼ֱһ⡣
һǰס֣ĸףӸ˵ĻѵҪ˺Ļҵ
һô˵ѵϵźĻҵ
γѿ˵ʲôΣʱֵ˵
˦ܣҪ򣬽ץס֣ͨһˣĸףҪȴҰɣ
γǰһڣЩεβŵ㣡
ְ̧סüģƣʧŭ֯һҲ˵
ĸϢŭܼ˵ΪæóէضԺ
ỵ́γһڴһ࣬˾̾͹
Ѿ֪䣬зʰ
ܼˣס̧ĸҪúİҵð𣿡
ڶĻҵˣ߿һۣ룬ԼҾĺҪ
γһЦҾͲźͲУ
ˣܿͻܵ͸ƣγߣӵģ¡
£ܲŹγԶˣȥ֪£һԺҪڶγȷʵйڡ
УʰĸСѾͷɹԭĵط̧ɣùˡ
ʰûվȣ߷Ըʰȥҹܼң˵ûӣһֱԣط䡣
վţʱһûüּһָĸСѾͷŷ䣡
ĸСѾͷȻ£ǰס˽£Ҳֱ磬Թ߽ңƵؽĶһַ˻ȥ
յ󣬹ԺصС㣬²̣ܽײӣѾ˶ʮͣʮûҪҪھʹ򣿡
ػһۼӣңƵ˵
׵ø߸ߵģһˣŹ¿ͷ˵ū֪ˣԺҲˡ
治ˣӣңʵ
治ˡ¿޿Ӧ
ٰӾȼ£ˣһʹģӱٷ΢ེ촽˹ˣȻһЦҲû׼Ҿ͵ûȥǼסˣֻҪһ죬һǵӣзʰǡ
Ц绨ԭǼľ£ȴñһʰ伸Ա߿ţҲࡣ
еЦԽԽŨ
۽»֣Ǻ͸ҲòֻΪǺС㡣ǰҪתʾ֭ԸϲˣźƣҲʹʹظԼˡ
ȨƣǺöεץˣԼŰ˭Ҳȥ
ǰ͸ɴʱǼݡ
ÿһڣ̤ĺľϿһڣ·ȻͷҲֻããһƬֿ·
׷ϵĽŲԽԽƴҪĸЩȻͻȻһΣȥ
߾һ۾
С㣬С㣡ʰ侪ŵ𣬡Сˣүˣ
лҪ˵ߣ˵ûȤң
ˡ
ȤȤ

 6 

ʥּ󴫹ģֻȼ֣ҾܽΪƽ
ûԭûףͻȻʧ˵ģӴ˺һ첻һ죬ֱλȫݶᣬҵջأһǵף󲻵òǣͷػԭһǰܿʼЩεʱ򣬵μģǽҵĽ֡
˺ЩΣʶЩΣһݣǣߡ
üһģһ¹ں䲻úԵĻʵۣӴ˳˺ר裬һ·ֱϡ
ţΪ̫Ź֣Իģ˹ĸ̫Ļʵ۵Ķʮǰ̫ϢʵͻȻˤ˺ϵһֽֽǰǻʵ۵ͷá
ܱܵظо˿־壬ԼǻʵۿʼԶҵԤסҲЩβҲ֮ˣҲ綼ֻ֮˱µһ£ׯε˭֪ǻá
ѭе˸ϵŮʵ۵ĵطȥãϢܿ촫ȷиߵŮңò˫ʮ
ܸܵʱȻһж棬ڻʵ֮ǰðΪãɽԽصġ
˵γͬļƻָϵ´ߣԭΪԼĴѾ㹻䣬ȻʵǳϣӦߺɵĹγƺ֪ߵʵ۵ķҲǰˡ
ĸףܵͷɬ£ɶЩ𣿡
γвʣзߺޣҲоŽܣŽּʱϾ͵£ӴͲҾƽٲܴүķɫˡ
γö⣺߿£ǱסԹǸСƲ硣
̾˿˵ĸףʱգϸ߶ӣ˭Ϊʲô֪׵£Ϊʲôô
γ촽òŵӦŮǸˣںӶʱ鰡¶ʹŶˡ
һ죬Щù˼Щշתʱ˻ţһۣبϡ
ֻһڣΪ޹ϸԲŸҰФ֪á
ܵɫɷףɬɬһЦ¾Ȼɵ¡
˵ĸײôˣ޹Ѹ׷½½ˣû뵽Ȼ©˸ӶĶ㣬Ȼ˸áȻһˡ
γƤĬκŵѾȥͷˣСк룬ǾͿ϶û룬źһ۾ϳԴˡ
һ˿ɻʶʵģѵҲ
γһûͻȻͷƢôͱ˸ʲôѵһƭ㣿
û˵˽ĸףӦ˵ѱ𴩵ģ
ĬĬʣ漴˻⣺ºܿ;ͻᴫ常֮ǰȥ֪˳Ҳðݼ常
γϱЩûβŵ˵ʲô޷ֻҲ֪ǵʲôùԴ˽ңûһ˳£
ʱ֣߽ӵγ
һܶȥ常γüͷýģԽ̣˵Ż۾ȴϿ
Ц£ǡ
Ķˣǲ÷ߡ
ǰűҪʽܸ׾죬˵ĺҵԼϡ
ֻǣǵҪʲô
ֵŮѧüȻ飬ôԺÿ絽ޥöд֣ϰŮ˿ңԼҪѧЩ衣
ЩĹΡ̧ۿܣܺܿƿĿ⣬ȥáѧ
γһ䣺һŮӴһ֣ȻˣӴ˾͸Ϳðѽּϼס
ҡҡͷȡģҲΨһҵĶҲġ
γһֱѹŵĻ˲䱬»ֲ˵
裡һϸͻȻ𣬸žͼһۺɫȹҶüӺ۵ŮҴҵ˽л˵ˣô£
ߵ̫·ЩһסĿڣϸϸüˣ
γʱȥסĺοûʲô£㲻Ҫģһжйء
Щȣûγôᡣμ棬γҪôڷƢҪôģ׶ӽܶûʲôɫڱŭʱ򣬾ȻΪһŮѹסƢǰȥԺİο
˭ôôӣ
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ԱҲµģ£²ּһֲᣬԷİɡ
Է߶ʱˣǹγԶֶŮԷ
Էо͸ĸ˫汻γغܰ˵γ۰ԷȴܻãΣû˵
վԷһս㡣
Էڹγ۽ǻỨشʵǣ
ǰ˵ãջؼҡ
ԷҲһúá
ʲôߣγոչüͷԺ׼֣ͽ񣡡
߿ŽܣȦ磬ҵΨһһˡ
µ֣һԼŶĨ
ίģæǾȲģյ˿գٺú顣
γĻѾ嵽ϣԷζؿߣȴ뽭ܻһת˵ԷһҪȥݼ常һɡ
ԷոȥָУץ˹γ½󣬲˵裬£˵ҡ
ʲôγʱ˲ߣææذοٸҶ˵Ҿȥֹ
γΪЦ˵ˡ
߰ԺЦλչ˵޾Ϳޣ˵ЦЦǸ˶
үסںڣֻһǽԭ߹ȥγԷӣ߸һϽΣԷ˵ԶǿͣұڼӴģֻΪл̫ҵСȥСסûӭĪ֡  
˵ԼιںλǷЦһԼ̸ǿ̫ͣˡ
ԷȦԭ˵ˣǻؼңµģǿء
ֻЦ˵ﻰһء
ԷȴͻȻ˵ˣ۾⣬ɫЩ㱡
˳Ŀ⿴ȥͼһͦεڲԶ뽭˵ҲǸ߸ӣ˱ߣʱͼü߱ͦɫڣ˹Ŀĺò
ǲڿӺȻһͷзûһ˿ȴ˲Ծĵһæ㵽ԷĵĿ⣡                        

 7 

ӳ˺ţ̧ȥߵʵŸһ˭ѽ
Էϴűһκ죬˵Ǵˡ硣
ԭǸ꣬ȴ塣ֻװ֪飺ˡ˭ѽ
ǹøһѼҵĹӡԷһۣϱЩ䱸û˵𣿡
һΣҲôǵˡһЦ㣬޹Ӹոһֱڿء
СԷɺҲǿء
ûң̽Էĸ첲ЦΣ۾һֱڽء
ŮӴ򽻵ģȻǺĳӵܡ
Էһ滨͸ˣߵĲҿ۾ȴ˸ϲõĹâ˵ˣȡЦң
ϲˡոԼʱдżֹ°Щ棬ˡֻǽסڽңԷĸģȻϲ
϶ʲôĵطߵʵˣ˵޹ӴСסǼңΪʲôأ
ܰҲһֱֺǣԷܾÿʲô飬Էǹγļ⣬Ӧ֪
ˡ߰ʱ򣬹øģʲôҲֻ˵ʱסںԷ˵ͻȻ˸ͷҾûʵĴţ˵ˣѾǺˡ
ٿʱ۾Ѿ⣺Ҳ֪λӦƵģ˾˵ģŶ¸Ļ˶۳죬ԺٳȥߣֻҪЦˡ
Щ߻治֪˳˵һֱ£ʲô¶Ժ󻹵鷳ָҡ
Է̾˵ֻǸµģ˵ʲôָء
䣬Ѿڽǰˣɡ
үѹʵϺүľǲͬĸֵܣ߽ʱͼϲףһ˫۾תشȴԷ˵ӴԷԱǸòѾͷ˭ɰȥˣ
Էҧ촽ߣϱЩȻ
⻰ˣֻһǽѾ죬ϻ֪˭ߴӵҡҡԷ֣ʾǰ񣬶˵常ֻߣǰЩֶ˵ģá
Ӵ˴ŪˣЦ˵ɩǺ£һּһ
һ䣬ְͬʱһ⡣涼ô˵ϹȥҲûٳЦԷֲԷ¼߼ԷҪ޳ˣߵ˵£ֻèϹл
Է̲סЦˣò˵ִֻ
ֵֶӣʲôλôͻȻˣ
ܵص常˵һӦֻǳı䶯常ﲻҪġ
ߣҼӶúõģһֵ㣬ˣֳ˵˵Ͳ÷ּңҪ򣬺ˣ
ϱ˰ˣ˵Щʲôּѵִɩ᣿
ܵ˵ʳ֮ңжŶĸ׵ĵ
ȻоλҲ̫֣תͷԸӵȥү͹ǳ
ٻʱͻȻסߣ´˺һŵôú˭
ֻ֪ʵ˭
Ĳ⣬æʵҲڼң
ذɣŸջ¶ü˵Żɶϸ֣˭
ȥˡһŮ𣬾ͼһʮ꣬ˮӵŮ첽߽ԷʱһƲʲôҲˣ
ֽһŮˮӣѻѻһͷͷȴͷһԲֻ¶һѩףЩӡ
ã㡣һָŮ˵
̵ָָŮá
Ǽߵǿǲ˭
㿴һ۾е
üôһ˵е񡣡
ȴһ֣Цҿˣԭ
ٿʱЦ˼ֳǸòѾͷҲ·ɣó
һȻǻҲ·ѵ˵
ܣͼɫ΢ڨڨ˵˵ﻰûе¡
˵ʱʶؿߣҲæƿĿ⡣
ˣ⸱ģֻǱ˵˼֮ԲߣԼǶͷ
ʱԶ£Ҳ˵ٻ¡ǻʵ谮ŮˣںеĵλֻȻʺһ㣬ĺʵ˵࿴
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̧ǻصǰʱ£ͻȻԷ˵ѽҶûˣ
߻ع̧ͷʱԭڴϷģҾҶѾժˣƽҶûãͺͺĿһ飬ѿ
Է˵ѧʶʱϵõľҶ⼸֣û뵽Ȼ󣬿ô졭
ߵ˵ֻƽ£̫̫͸ڣʲô
Է̾ͱãֻ֪ǸµĹŮˡ 
˵ʱѾ̧˲ţѾͷǷ½ΣӭԷС㣬̫̫ء
վڱϣȴûƵģ򶼲һۣҲ⣬һȥڸе涪һ룬϶ˣʱΣԭ̫ǲһ⣬ںҲֻˡ
ȥ磬ЩҪ˵ȥｲòã
һβŵá
ԺС
߿ŽϷţŵ磬ҽ
ܳĬãʵ벻ȥ
ûлشʣΪú𣿡
һ£ٿʱЦȻʲô¶á
ôҵ˭߿䡣
ʡիС
ѹӣ߹ʱǰȥү˵ڻû
ˡдʲôͷҲ̧˵ȥ̽뷨Ū˵Щʲô
º󣬴ˡͣбʣĿ䡣
һ죬˽Լε˸Ƶˣ˵̫̫Ҫߣڶ죬ȴûһĸТúг̶ˮŮһϣֻ»ԽԽ롣
ҵǴңͼơֻǣѾöʱֻһƢĽȻ޾ı
ҪҪֹ                        
лҪ˵ҪҪֹ˵أ

 8 

֮Уһ޵ϸԭĳϢУŽܡ
㱾ǰĵģʱĽܣȲܰ಻ܾ
ؿڶŮӣǰ¶ϵģڷ۱Уһִֻ˷֣һֻеشڷ֮£ȻȻѵĻȣɫȹ£ŷϾյĺЬ¶һ⣬ʱһ㣬ۻƵķӱһ㣬ӵǰơ
ãȻ룬ϴǳʱֳѣɫʽãֻҪţһֲ˵
ͬǲ˵˼
͵ر۾סϵĴʯȷãֻǣײǸ׷ˣֻʱӶס㡣´ﲻãǰ˵
߰Űɡ˵֮ǰǸ˵ģ٣ܽ͹γΪʲôôŮ͵飬˺ӣγΪǨŭҲ˵ùȥ
ȴ޷òΪʲô
߳ţѵúΪʲôһ
ĺôŰİòû
һϸϸ죬۾͵͵ȥȴߴڷϵֻţʳָָĩֻʳָʱʶĶֻ˳ֱָһĻȣģȴȻҹʱɬɬĸо
ܾĳһ㣬ǵܡһã֣Ҫúñ
һãԼĨЩеͷƵģҲˡ
̧֣ǰ˿ĵءšһż׷ʵûлĻ񣿸׵أ뿴һ
׵ݹտøʱܿܵڻʮ񣬲ٿ񡣡
ܲϺүҲɣͻȻðһ˼뷨æʵ֮ǰ𣿡
һ£漴˼ɫֻ󲻿ɶκԲ²⹬죬Ǽο˵ֻǱϲǾȫˣ
ߵͷȴ׷ʵã֮ǰ𣿡
ܳĬƬ̡ûشģ̫׵ֲ²̫ΣգοС
ȻɵӿסĸزʶĸĸȻǽãԼ֮Ҳֱײ֪ݹϵӴ˲ſʼ߶
ˣ͸ûʲô˷룬ʵﻹ˭֪
Ҳ֪ҡͷ̫ˣǳǰˣѾ磬ֻºҵˡ
ʵʲôʱ
ʮһգͬһꡣܵ
ˣʮǰ£ǲ̫ò飬ֻˡ
ԷЦԷǶʮյúý
ʵԷദĻðɣ
Сڵôˣ
ǾͺãĸϲԷ˵ĸԺҲϲ㡣
ЦԺ󣿸粻Ҫҽ𣬻ʲôԺ󣿡
һɲǣܸܺǾͲȥˣڼãúչ
ܿͷѹȥ빬ݲɣѡҲ׹һᾡΪ·ܱܲ£ÿ컯
Ҳû˵ҾʹӦҪѽЦαϿȥŵӽ۱ԭǸ˼õģ䲢αҪȳӵһ룬һûαһᡣ
Сģ
ۼֿ죬һǰסûü˵ͼЦЦؿҪǵԸȵôӦҼ
ű˿Ĵ£񱻻̵һ㣬ŵس֣Щɬʲô
ҪǮӡׯӶԡƫϷŹһ˫ٵֻѰģ磬ϲϸ
һĥô̫֪꣬ǮĺôһˣҪŪЩǮ֡  
ţһΪһֱһ벻Ȼô̹ȻҪǮڻʵҪǮʲô
ʲôԡ ΢΢ǰӣǮǸö 
̫ĵ޿ײ룬ܵ쵽˼㣬æ˻ԼϣڼгԺȲǮҲûʲôô
ǮҲܰġһۣƤô粻
֪Լ޷ܾȻֻֻһǧӣҵĸȰӸ㣬ׯ뷨ӣһ£һת¡
磬̧ۿ۲תЩòױ˰ɣ
һ£ȴЩˡûĸŮ˵ױʱ˵Σ˿ûɬһ˺ܶ࣬͵ŮӸеɬ׿ȥ¶档
˵ǣЩҵģ˽˲ᣬ߳ʱлٸСļױǸҪǼġ 
ԭ˼ңֹ˽߰Լ£űڶ£һ˹ҵĻ£ҪԼ
γԲʱ̣һûܽγ϶ԸһŮӣױľǻ¡
ܳ⣬Ϲء
磬һۣȥѵ̫̫ˣ
ܿЦɬɬãҾ
£һ֣ɫ۽Σ⼸յ֣չҰ
⼸յ֣ʲô֣飬ǡܲϸ룬ֻǵͷģһչ
лл磡һˣǣͿɷһ
ԺС
ϵĺ׻ûֻﲻ¶ͷȻӶΪʰˣæѾͷҴԵģȥڲŻ
ӴͦһĵͻȻ
ʰ䣬
ŵһ£æӴŸհؾͼѾ߽ˣЦЦ׹һϣţϱͿһ㣬ҹܼá
ԥżʱȴ׵ҩ࣬һû뵽߾æ˵лСʹͣ
ɣòŶ¹򡣡Թ˰£ʵ£ǰǲԣ
¸ովһ⻰æֹˣǺͰʹûУûС
Ц£˵ˣǰҾͲˣҪٸ´Σǡ
찤Цݣһ˵ūҲˣ
£һָǰСʣл㡣                        
лҪ˵ˡΪֻ֪ʲôʱҵϷݡ

 9 

ʰվ£ͷŷţ˴һֱ˵˵ʲôֱͻȻԼֱ
ʰʶǰһҪøһЩȻֵȥһҲˡ
ʰ½ǣﺦǲ˵£С᲻ǰЩһһߣͷϽ˺ʰޣֲҿޣֻõͷҧ촽Ѱˡ
˵ͷϣ˺£üɫģûôģһʼ̫̫Ժӣҩʳι̫̫һ㣬ָүɨӣְѺү̨ˤˣִȥʹͷһͰİһˤءΪ֪˶ٺݴ˭֪ԽԽ
ЦʵأҲģ
ô᣿ūǼӡµһͷһӼӼźģܽӣʰҰˣʲôضѧһҲǣ
ԭˡһӼڽң֪Ӧñʰࡣ߲ɫʵûʮǰڸźģ
ûСЩڨڨģŤ˵ūȫһֱׯϸɻȥŵظź򡣡
ׯϲ𣿡߼ɫ죬ʵ
ͦõģǣǣ¿һۣ˵Ӹǰźģ϶棬ڱ𴦸ɻĶϡ
Ц˼ź˵ģȻŵȣڸıׯ棬ֱͷ档
أҲǼӣ
̫̫㷿̫̫޹ʱҴġ˵˳˿ڣɨһۣǡǸС㣬Ȼʲô¶֪ǸѾͷ
žʵôǲǾʲô֪ǸûʶѾͷ
һǵͰ˵ûū澲ҡ
áЦЦؿЩȷʵôԸֵˣҶٶһ㡣
ʱհʱôܡҲĶ⣬̫̫Ҳû취Ǻ£æū澶СĹûб˼
ô赭дǾҰ£ȥ˭ʮǰڸźġ
ͼʰǰ߱㲻źˣȥЪŰɡ
ʰǲ˵Լȴ֪ʣֻƴǡ
Щ˵ģ㿴һۣʵôˣ
ûûʰ侪ʧ룬æߣūûޡ
һ죬һͷײϣͷתԴԽҪˡ
ЦЦֲˣôųӣȥЩվƲŪ˴
ûٶ˵תȥʰ㶵ؿıӰô첻һ
Ÿղŵ£첽Ժȥ
Ȼûӣ֪ʲôĻľ̵ѾߡԣΪԺ󷽱㣬ºʰշˡ
ǳʰ䵨С£İ֣ҲֻǱ󣬻۲졣
ƿͨ԰Сţ̤ϰʯɵС·ϵסȥ
Ѿ뵽ϰķӣֻʱһͿԶְţʱϵ˺ôҲ༸Σ⸮УҲܶһõͬˡ
ֻǣǰĳﻮڽҲ޷ʱţҪȥģһ֪
°ü΢ϲ¶ƿеĸоԴ뿪ңˮɳŸţ֪ߵһ
ѵҪһֱƣӦԣ
ͣסŲüһЦ
ΣҪԼ˵˲㣡
ȻлǾƴһˮЩ˶£ʱ֪˭
ţͻȻʲôˣʱһʯ񻨣žһʲôأô񡣡
̧ͷʱϴǸ꣬촩һɫſǽͷЦؿǶʯȻġ
һֻۣǰߣһԾ£Ц֪ˣߣܺüǣҽл٣Խҵı޾̡
ãҼˡ߽²ͣЦЦ˵
лٸƫͷһֲҩɣΪʲô֣
ڣͷһ˺߲֡˲ӣü۱׸µ֣˵Ǵһ׹ʫġ
лټѧԨԴһ֪׹ʫЦ˵װɣɽߣɽʷ򡯣벻׻ͦµġ
ߵüͷչһĨ٣ˮ׹ʱͻСֺ˵ʫѾǵˣʱļȴԶʧůĻŵ
ص˽ңһ׷Ѱ׵ټܾģԽԽˡ
˫ķƽһˮô˿̣ˮϷһ΢磬ԣ̲סҪͶСлѿסˣֻǷ룬ԭʱ򣬾  
һʱѾ߿ˣлæһȣ
߲׼һһ˵ôǷǽͲץ㱨٣
лٹһЦ˭л̫ҵĹӣ
л̫糿ԷĻȻ򡣿ԷõǸл̫ҵС㣬ӦþлٵĽãлٳȺãڽҽ磬ǸҪĵ
Ϊʲô
ţͷһЦһ£ˡ
ŶǾ»ټɡлͣסŲҲЦҪҵĻȥˡ
ˡ˭ĬĬ֣һͷ첽뿪  
лĿߵԶˣȥʡիһž͵ղŴߣԵ
ˡŹ׸̣˵ţô˵Ǵɣ
ҲǴɣл£ְӣЦһûȥ԰ʱȥˣҲϣƫƫˣԵ
ˡĿһƳվŵһӻ⣬԰ȥ
ˡ˵Ҫ
лԣϲˣһ䣬⡣
лٵûô⣬ֻЦȻݳô궼ȥˣǾͲŽҵֻ֪Ů˽ǰ̣ûϢ
ˡûнӻҵ˵ȷûϢھǵѫȦһֱúۣܲҲѡڴݷ
ƽҲûˣǱΣķٹһ󣬴Լ͸ˡ
ԺУڴ߷ͣžߵˡΪʲôڽң
ϹصЦѽ˵Ҷӡ
лҪ˵ˡҳˣ˵˼仰ʧˡ
ˡҪϷϷϷ

 10 

qqģڻ谵ĹпϣҲʵôͻȻ
ҲͻȻֻǽպÿˣЩ棬ĸ˵̫̫Ǹӣˡֳѵ̫̫ȵڣ
ôܣϿЦ۲֮ʱϡܿʱķϣҶȻϣ˶ô˵չ˵ÿðҲüԴˡ֣ѽûɹ
Ϻү߲²
ǡҡҡͷǸˡǸݽɫȰҲٴˣǻ
ԭֻһʣʱȤæô˵
ϵһӷչ˵ȥʡիҲ磬˻ûţֱӾˤȥԶǶˤˡһչ˵ĸҶ֣ͷܵʡիã˴ˡû˵ɤӾ׵ϴ󣬱ǷѪʮ죬ûˣɤϵײȥ
һЦǸݵġ
ֹϵһۣ˵ݣΪǻʮꡣ
߳һʮСôôͣ룬ĸã𣿡
أϷʵ
˵ߵ߶ﻤţѵϺүµģ
ǽľµˣƺֲöԹγôص֡
ǣЦһȻԼҶӣҲò˵һ䣬Ҫչ˵ĵűԼﶼס
ԼǸͽһǸºӡʵ֮ôˣ
ϱһôչ˵ĵ뱨𣬿ϧûǸͣٺˡֱӷլͨʡիţڻ԰һţԴöȶԼãûһǮϸչ˵ľҲֻñඡ
ȻһЦһµ꣬ȻֶΣҲѹԷġ˵һȴǣˡҲǹγĶͷ
Ƶ£Ҳǿ罫ӦγһˡĴȣͷ
ʵ˵Ͼܰȥˣô£
߻عЦĸĵȼ죬Ҳû˵һ˵
˵ʲôϲͷشҵ˶ûҩԵֻ̣Ҫչһ϶һҲᣡ
ĸ˵ҲֻƵ˵̫̫ǿ϶ᷴԵģҲǿ϶ܰɵģڣ͵ˡ
ꣿʲôʵ
ӣǰٸĸϸ˵Ц˵һмĸ˸磬˵ʮǰڸӶģϺүˣĸӡ󣿡
˰ΣҡͷӶ̫࣬Ҽǲס
̣ͷһʱ߿ŵ͸ҵĵ˵ū澻㱼ǵõ̫̫ҹһеСϴݵƤ߱۾ֻǲ֪ûк롣
ϲ⣬æ׷ʵǽж𣿡
֪ҵҡҡͷֻ˰죬ûѡϾˣ֪ʲô֡
Ӧòϴߣҡͷ˵ܶСһ£ܶʱû飬ôܣ
ҲСΪСԻѱС䣿ҵ˵ҲСȲү󣿡
ߵҲ˼죬µİ˵ʮǰҵʱֻм¡
Ǿ͸ˡϵܲҶ͵㣬Ȼﻹһչ˵ĵչ˵Ҫ֪ˣ
ߴԺʱס̾˿ֶˣԭף϶ôܡ
ι
һʯ񻨶ϣ̧ͷʱлЦվڶָл˵
ƳһۣЦҹȥұҪȥ𣿡
̧ԺķߣлҲգ׷Ц˵Һ㣬㻹顣
ʵʲô
ˡû׼ڶ㡣лѹ˵
ЩɻлЦǴˡˣˡ
ˡΪʲôûǴĻû߲¶ɫֻЦҡͷҲţʲô
˭֪ءлٵҲŸƼӴǱ߹žͼˣˡֵЩ˴ӲᵽߣǷ¡
ټһ˶Զߵû뵽п˴ˡˡ
ߴۣ˼⡣ô˵ĻˡӦ֪˵Ļأ
лټγȻҴˡģݾȻãˡԽԽˡ
΢΢һЦҲֻǴأһѾͷʲôֵŵġҪˣٸˣҪȻҾͽˡ
˸лǻֻܸߣЦ׷ʡ
ббһۣ˵ѽ
лҲǼ˶˿̱ˮ뵵ôһһʱЩסˣתȥȷӦʱһ죬лѽлûӣ 
֦ӰȴḡĲ̬леζԽԽŨ÷ΣŮлҶʱһͷС¹ײȴֻǸ֮һЦ˭뵽һ죬һѾͷƽͷһ֪ʲôޣ
Ȥл˵°ϲڵĺӣżɫһأϣҪˡֲźá
⸮е£һùˡ˿ӵĻɫ֣Ůģֺܶòˣ̫Ԥϡ
ֱ·ӡ
ɫȫʱ߳극߳ȴʰڰ֣Ķ˵ߵӰ
ʱͼܴ߳̽ӣ磡
ܿڰ۾ɽܳ顣ڻʵô
ѽЦ˵
ܵܿƵؿңʲô
ҸҪԵģͷ΢΢ĺ촽ʢŵĵҶ
סˡ
ߴŵ㽿˵ָװķͳָֻ׸ôһףһ룬̫̫ʹң˳ҵꡣ磬ҿء
Ĵָʳָһװķжô١ޱȸӵ˵ȻȥܰͳԵĹȥʲô
ʲôУҪ⣬۽͸ˡЦӯӯɵãˣɱ˰
תȥ߳õȵȣ
лҪ˵ˡĴȣȽ㣬ܱ뱧ñã
ߣ

 11 

һյӨ͸ƱŽУܿˣ·ϲߣðɡ
ߵͷƣ̧ͷһ
۾һȴǰڼʱΪʡǮҹӲõƣ˸µӣӦõ˰ɣ
ǵְȥ飬ǵ⣬黹Ǳʲô޹ءɬɬ˵ģҼȴӦ㣬Ժһúչϵ
лл磡˵
˺һͻȻɥ˼㣬Լãؿܰѳʳ͹ȥһ 
˵תȥ
һ£Щֵֹģôˣ
˼ţְѵƽʰǰߡ
ʰӦһû߳һһֻ˳ȥžһˤڵϴ˸顣
߻ûڣʰѾͨһڵϣ˵Сū澲ǹģ
Цһֻƶѣ˵ʲôˣ
ʰ°ʱҲôƵЦţԽµ˼㣬ధūһ⣬СҰɣ
˵ӣ㡣
ʰŵؿ޶ˡ
ȥҰɨˣ˲ȵϵŵ򣬵ȥء
ʰ˶ˣֻɵɵվһ
ٿʱѾ˼ȥ
ʰ͵ػعͰ͵ӦһȾܡܳȥ󣬴ŵӻͷһͼ߹վںӰһȹǸҲԽĵҪƮȥƵġ
ʰ𷽲ʱֻƺмӣסƤʱɬɬģֻɻ֣Īһ׽ӣҲǳԹء
ʰתͷܵøˡ
߶վţ΢ۣİĻ
ڼʱӦúͰԺһһҡų²ó࣬ʱʱĵžž죬ڸӡܵ¹Ŷʱĸɰݣ紵ԺӶһ΢ɬɬ
õ̫ãĥػƷ˰ġ
⸮ǶȣҲáǽڽңӦҲˣȣҲպ˷ʱʱóһ
ӹһ˿Ȼ߸ȴЦˣΣ˭˵׼أһó裬ȣѵ˭
С㣬ʰɨ˻ūͿʼɨ
һɨţһʵС㣬ƶǮūûǮСܲٵȵȣūһ⣡
ΪʲôûǮ
ū澣ū澣ʰ߲ѵ˼㣬˵ū̫Ū˺ܶණǮꡭ
ЦѾͷɻģġ
ʰԽ߲ѣһţŵû񣬲һƬֻýһۣ̲סӴһ
ǣҡҡͷûôģûѪ
ʰǺֻ̧Ьڼѣ첲˷סˣȴߣʰ侽ȵ˼㣬Ьڵϣ¶õףʰһŸ첲һɣѾ߿ˣЦ˵Ȼû£Ͻɨɣ
ƬһɨζʰͻȻʵǲǸԣ
ɨڵϣʰͰ͵ؽС㡭
Ȼûش𣬵һҲǸ˴𰸡ѾͷȽʵֻǿòأ΢΢һЦ߰ɡ
ʰЩʲôȻֱҹ˯£һҲûٶʡ
컹ʱ߱㱻ϴ磬Ϊһ죬ǿøĴӡ
լӶߣߴɭһԺ߸ڽ߽ȥӭ۾ͼֵλһһݣ֮ȡףڽľ͹γֵ£֣֣ߡ
ܺϼףһãˣӽ˳ĽС㡣
γԷԱߣֺվһߣܻ䣬ϱһָԷɩǽãŪ˸ô˵ģ
ԷίؿŹγγ˵Էһֱϥ£ŮһģΪʲôã
ɩô˵ɴͰյĸգҲڽҵļϺˣû˵ڽҲûˣʲôèܽã
Էһγŭܶ峤ֵ˵
ֲûҪ죬첲סˣһγɫһ򽭼˵ֶᣬĴ»常⣬֪常Ҫֶصرʮĺѩƣֶ常һݡ
ѩǽϵƣǸ̰ģһô˵ʱ£Ҳ˲ϳܣʵŪģ˺Щˣ򲻵
ߣֶҲǴɡ
˵Ż߳ȥۼֻô϶Ů㬵ظȥγǣԷһ·οţܿҲ˴š
һżͷһ谵ƣľݹǽϣעϸüĿº͵ò˵ôȷʵм֣˵Ҳ˵ùȥ
ת΢˷˭ֻҪãǰͷһ֣ǽҹŮǰ·ӴƶŮٲͬ
Ҫƾɺ÷磬ҡֱϣٲѾĻڼз챣ȫԼһߴںˣһʵ
߽߼ǰȺ˵õͷãҾãʲôط𣿡
˶ܻԾ˿ߣΨнĴͷβһԲ֪ǵС˼
û뵽Լ̸ЩȣܿҲûʲôرķӣÿϴͷʱܻӵ֭ܰȥԡ
ǳϵĺദЦ˵ã»ԣллˡ
æﻹ˵ϴͷˮ̫ȣ̫˻ͷûй󣬽Ҳԡ
߻û˵ǰĽػͷģ㲻Ͻϣֻںֹʲôأ
ĴǸ⿴ߣŵͷ첽ǰߣһ仰ҲûзΪʲôһԲˣô͵ںǳĽ㣬һԲȷʵȫ
ϵŮģ⸮ﲻҪŵȣ֮䣬ҲǷ˵ȴεġ
ָղ»ĸݶû·ģԼ͵һȰɣֵǣƺԷе⣬Ϊʲô
ɢʱֳԵôǼʱȴܰʣµѩƶϣγƲģ̲סҼҵĶͶǺõģʲôҪá
Цյãսôã
㣡γŭ

 12 

ⳡտ˸ͷܱæȰŪϣγһӻ˷ŭҲԼʲôģҲҵĶ
ڱţһ⻰˵ģƺֹƿơ
æγʹɫγӦߵһۣ£˵ʲô
߳뿪ʱۻԷ͹γһӵʲôԹΪʲôģ
룬ȥ᷿Էӣ׼һʡ
УγԷ§οЩˣйڣôԿ
Էµҡͷ˵ҺãﶼãҺܸмҲùΪ裬ǷݡҲҪˣ
ɵӣǹͱĶӦõģӺĵҽ졣γͷ˵㽫ˡһˣ÷ֱ˴ˡ
ţԷ£æ̧ͷγͼһЦݣĿؿԷͻȻͻͰ͵˵˵ģԷ
γЦ˵Ѿͷأ
ҲЦС㣬̫̫ñСϼף޽أ
Էһ͵س޽⸮ֻнһˡ
һˣŵǸˣҲأϾУҲǺá
Է߳ܣŵʵ裬˵
ûγЦ˵ȹ꣬͸ܶϲ¡
Էһɷףվ˵Ҳޡű˳ȥ
Ҹطޣȴ±˿Цֻ̣첽᷿ȥյǰѾ߾˵С㣬Сء
Էת뿪Ѿߵˣ
ԷֻǿһЦãе㲻˵ɡ
ߵǰԲ²⡣ԷȻǿޣθǰζһܿĺġ
Ǵӹγģγôãôģ׷ʲô
ᣬʵôˣ
ۣűָ۽ǽ۵ļʮģԷѿ˵㻮ˡ
ջ֣ǰţЦһʱˣֲִڵúܣŵ˰ɡ
ԷЩ˵û£ȴĪһɽǰŮȻòˣȻ˹Ůͷôһ˫֣ôǹŮԼȻϲһ㣬ò۲ѧĵȱ˲
ֻϧֻϲôһ㣬ȴôࡣֻӹγһôͱ׷ô꣬ҪǱż޽ܣʱҪؽңúһˣҲùǰţѾͷȴİõýҵĶҲõ
ƾʲô㲻ЩŮѵһѾͷ
Էȡᣬʲô£
Ա߿ţͼɫòһʱһʱȴ˷߼аԳԾ̽˵ûʲô£Ǿÿμ涼ֵֹģǷʲôƵģʽ㡣
ʲôֵģ޷ǺЦޣҲ֮顣Էָƽ˵ãҲղˡ
ãҸҽ˵֪ʲʲôˣȥ
ǰŸճԺţ־ͷγ˵̫̫ˡ
γʵСƽ޹ȥԷʲô
űСֺðɡһмСȻᣬҲģôܺסС㣿Ǵ⣡
һᵽԷγɫ̾˵Էãֻϧϲ˵㣬ǳ˿ҶԲס
̫̫ô˵æοȱСүףټļҵǱСģλҪܽү϶ܸŸʱСúˣ̫̫ʲôɵĵģ
γüͷǸ˾ôȥģôꡣ
ɣҶγֵ֣Ǻ⣬һСҾҾֹסĺޡܶ˵ʲôֻҪСҾҪˣʱ룬ýҰˣҲҪɱ
Ȱ̫̫̣ΪˣҲΪСѽһʲôСôܵס
˵ҪʲôǯţŸѰѹλô̫̫ȫ
˵γסİѱΪ£
˵үȥʱҪһҡֵ
ңγЦһȻһ¼
ţƽɫ뷨ӰǸһӵİѱ
߻صԺʱӭ۾ͿྐྵӣɵЦһ£ˣ
Ųᣬǰûʱһæ񣬼˵Сˡū澲֪Сʱ
ѵµĹӿɨˡ̧ߣַԸʰۼӣҿûˣȥҪһ㡣
Ƚ´ɨʱڴ³ۼӣңǰһСƬطµĶӣҺˣܾǹԼƵģֻӲͷƤȥ˵С㣬ɨˡ
ĵһֻһһӣңã˵˵ʰǮûУ
ɲƽͷһϲǳԺ˯ڶϲľǴϢлæ˵ǰǮģɹŪֵǸӾֵӣˣҲǽˣµǮһǵġ
ҲУܳԹܴҲûʲôǮĵطߺ촽΢ལ³һӣҺˣ˵
һɴϺüˣýҲԲŰˡЦģϧ̫ʱӣһǮûȥ˵ﶼ첻ˡ
ߴߴЦȴһƬ䡣ӣһŮӵһȲˣڣҪ˵Ц̸ۡ
ࡣߵ˵
ҲԼãûǮֵܹ˭ûЦ˵ﻹˣžۡ
ôĵطһ䡣
˲ûǮΣһһ죬ҲôûġޱؿŽ£ǿÿһǮѪɾ˼ҵѾߣҲ͸
³һӣҺˣùɾ֣˵ѵɨˡ
˵ͷϣͻȻôһԸһʱҲ²͸ʲôֻͷɨһ顣
ʰȡۼӣһʱ￴飬ʱӹһɰȥ
лҪ˵ˡأأѵ

 13 

ʰһȥʱżææϻʱѾʰҪȥϷ÷æС㣬ū澷ȥɡ
ˣý¸šĵ˵
֮ǰΪϵ׻ûȫһֱûøųȥʱһԼʰһۣ
ʰһӵĻҲֻţҵȣ׵ȵ߻ƫƫҲ˵Ļᣬһֱжױûˣʰæͨһ£˵ūȫҶмСĶ飬ⱲӸСţūҲĸԸ
һǶĽͷ͵һЦֲֵأҪţʲôɣǮɲǰ׸ģҪأǸǳ͡
ʰվʵСҪūʲô
Цʵôҡڳȥˣû𣿡
ܹȻţҹܰһǧƱ֪ʰ󣬱һƱʰ䣬ַԸĳûؼβ
ŰʰһѣҲ뿴û˳ʱʰܲ˳ȥ
⣬ʰ䲻ܹ˳¶ûǰ淢Ѿͷ˵ô
ʰԥһ²˵ū澸ƫŵе㽻飬ûǰߣǴƫųȥġ
Щˡʰ˵Լн飬Ƕ̹ףû˵˭ƫмĸƫųȥĶû˵뻤ŷȥˣϾҲ˽飬֪пܶµġ
Ѿͷͦ·ԭǸõˡ
أôûҸǰ淢㣿ʵ
ū֮ǰ˳ļûǮ⣬ԳȥŸɻʰ˵ū澸˵Ҫȥæ˵͸ԣʹӦ˵ȥ
ԽԽȤ˵㱿ôãЩ˿ء
ʰǺ˵С̧ˡ
һٳȥһˣȥ֦ҡߴȡһ۳ɷʤż㣬˹ǱҪ˭ʵشС
ʰŲҽӣҪСٸҰɡ
ʲôܣҪˡû뵽һѾͷȻôϸԽȤЦͷǶɣŵù㡣
ȻŲģֽ˼ǺţҪǱ˴򿪹ŵһ۾ܿ
һ磬ʰڵشӺ˳ȥʱĻԱûˣ߶˵ȥˣǱū澸С㣺Ҫ֬ˮ۵ĻԽнֵá
áͷ֪ˡ
Ƿʰûд򿪹һ׵˳ȥǸŵˡ
ʡիС
ӣʰֳȥˡӹ
ȥĶˡŹףһӣʵ
֦ңսȥûͳˣûҸ̫ԶԶźʲôȥӴ
ˡһöӣʰȥǻؼӣһѾͻȻóôһǮֻ߸ģȻʰٴγţȥǮΪ˸Լһȵˡ
ֻǣһûǵѾͷôϵþǵˣר̴ѾͶ
ˡʵ֦ǻ˼ңʲôˣ
ǰеһˣӵ
ˡЩȣȻǸһ׵ŮңΪʲôʵ
ӵǰʢʱ˵ǻˣǰȴԻؾڸԺڸûزپҵ
Ůӣϵ׻Ŷܣˡʵ«𣿡
«壬ߴǰסĴӣֻҪϸ̽飬ܲ鵽Щ˿
ӵѾˣ̫̫Ҳˣ»ּ̫̫˼ˣҲǹȥСġ
Сμ̴ŻˡĨոհںọ̃һ¿ʼڣԺϲĻǱӦҪˡ
ȻһֱɫڣԾû˿Ҫ˼
ֻڸߣ˵ȥԷˣ¸Żӵ
ˡ΢üͻȻȴְ״ʲô⣿
ˡߵǰŨƷգȥ뾩Ǽ١
ߴʱֻһƵܽ߳һֽݹȥó¹⸬Űɡ
лл硣ЦŽӹôȥҪˡ
ܿ΢΢һЦ֡
ŮȻƳɵ֮ݣǼġ
ԽԽǳ꣬ҹﲻҪ߶Σա
һۣЦЦûлش
ȵľ죬һҹԼܶ˶߶߶
ʱǰվڴǰӣңһը죬ʱһ죬紵ڷͷ˹
С㣡ʰܽɿغ˴Ǳ߶ˡ
ߵ˵ϵˮӣ˵ͷ
ֹһӣһԺźСѾͷշܵС㣬ҵ˵̵ݶˣ
¡ʰ䣬Ǹȥ³ӣҺˣЦ⸮ķӣҲ̫ˡ
첽߳ȥʱɫҵĻʪܵվ£һͷޣС㣬ݶˣ̱ˣ
ߵͷ͹ȥ˼ң裬ִҰﲻʲôæǵ˲С
ҵ˵ͷԺȥˡ
߸ϵ԰ʱУҲʪܵģɫĳȹţ¶ɫľ㣬ֻǰȫҲʪ͸ˡ
ݶʱڵ£ҵȡָָңͼݶôһ飬ﻩһƬǽ壬ˮ顣
ǸݵģֻŪ©УϾȻֱŪ˷ԼҲˡ
߽߼ǰϸϸ飬ĸ˵زأŮ͸ȥ
ϱһҹȥҴ򣿡
ĸȥŮסɣסˣ߲ʰ䣬ҷһѣ
ʰæסһ첲ºһһҳɡææҵسţµԽˣܵٲһʶסϣĸСЩˣܲꡣ
ӡ˶ûûʲôҪϷȻʵꡣһԹԼһߴյϣûˣֲɵӣӺǣ˭Ūˣ
߲ûЦ
ĸðɱû°ɣ
һΣεڵء
лҪ˵ˡоԼܣǼŮ
ߣоԼܣǼ

 14 

γϵԺʱֺ϶Ѿˣһ˵ӴɩѽһΪŴɩĴأ
γһۣ˵㵹ĶĶ㡣
ֽӿ˵ҸɩȣԸ˳Щ˼ҵĶˣɩǲӰ
ţγһЦŶʮǰѾˡ
վԱߣǰһϢһ̵˲䱬ҪǮһ¹ҿĶôȥô磬ƲһϣҪǸТŮ˵ĥ
æḧܼγȰĸףĸˣ͡
γԭͲټϹʱֱֺ꣬Ǻ˼䣬Ҳӻ̲ס㿴ǸõģǴӵͳ𣿡
Ͳž͵ɩȻ˵ͳҲɩһͳбһ͵ĳסƷӵͳ𣿽ÿڱû£ҪȻɩֶӶܲ˳Թ˾
γ˽Ƿôˣոշ޹סȥģ˭֪ôŪĹúõķͻȻˣ
ֱƴɩôԼȥס
γ˵ɩסﲻסֲС˵
ֵܼòӣæ常ͷǲĴˡ
δ䣬һҸһȥɣһʲô
˼æʱͼһͷǽײ˹ȥܴ󾪣Ҫȥ߱죬һȥϸǰһͷײϣ߰ӴһѾˤ˳ȥȴ˵ĸû°ɣ
ѳȥߣŵʵû£
̲һ䣺ƣƣúˣһѾͷТ˳
γûü죬Ѿϵү鷳д״ӣҪ٣
γû˵Ӧһ۾ŹγʵĸҪ˭
ƽܡȹϵĻңһȳһ߻ȥˣҪТŰĸ
˶һγԾû뵽ҪģȻǽܡ
ܸոսǰ;δٳԳТĹ˾
γ»ˡ
ܷ߱ţվﻮʱγģ߾ãΨи潭ܣùγ¡γôϣȻǲģϾֻţ㲻ҲޣܲһܴʱŪγҲðλķա
Žܣ磬ȥȰĸȥȰ̫̫
̾ɬɬ˵ΪˡܣЩ¶á
γƢִ֣ҲѲģЩм伫ά֣ƣû뵽һͷռһͷ
ĳӣ΢΢һЦģ¡
ֲɵҪ浹˽ܣͳûȥοܶԼ㲻ҲΪ˴ƿ
ȥԱߣȰĸһˣúвУ
Ҳȥ˹γ˵öԣһˣºú
ƲƲ죬ϵ˵úҪǰ˼ҵԼˣôƵϣ
ܻͷ˵ֶҪǳ˹˾ҵĹҪһȥͷ㡣
Ҳ˵ˡ
µԽˣʱǰ󣬴ˡվڣҴҸϻʵԺסˣ
ǡӹ̫̫ѾӦ֮ͣá
ˡƬ̣ʵ֮ǰʰȥ
ǡĨ˰޷ˮɿشʰǰŸߣҵľݶøͷһž˴꣬ҵðȥԺһȥнӣٺС˽ߣԺһ
ԣֱʣŮӣʲô·
ˡ£˵ȥ
ʱѶиʱҲ̽ʲôߡ
ӳһæ̫ˣӣȥɣ
ˡأԵˮĺ£ˮȥʰ
ժ±ϹŵĶңŻ
δ䣬ѲӰ
ԽԽ¹ŵĵƮƮҡҡ谵ĹССһ棬Խĵôʪ䡣
һ֪һʯӣڵϣϨԺʱһƬڰ
ˡڹʧ˲£ұȡУˮ˳ñܵε£ʪľذ塣
߼Էǰϸ
δӣҶϵİΧܣȻˡѣɴЩв׽ʲôԹÿμ涼Ƶġ
Ըɣʱʮַɣ͸һ˿˿ɵ⣬֮Уˡȴ޶˾⡣
ϵ𣺡Ϊ˾λ游ûеӣֵ͸֮λϮȢףչ˵һֱϣ־Ѷӹ̸Ϯֱܶġ
ߵ͵͵ӦһɬͣǴ˸Ƿ
ˡһ˿ĦĸO@ʱԼڴϣҹдźǷ˵˴ǰӴ˯ͼ
ĸԷô˶
ĸ£ĸļױͷСͷ˽֣ϵչ˵ŷ˼ңЩԷԶһֱֵڡ
ֲáЦûλûǮ϶ˡ
ʱ˽ãĵŮʱĽȫһˡ룬ȻĹǣܹˡ
žĸʵ𣿡
ϵ֮ǰʵ۳ǴԣҸ游棬ԶԶؿһۡ
𣿡ߵ͵͵Цĸҽ
𣿴ˡָĦŶҵıԵͣ״´ࡣֻǣԻʵеĹע㣬ѵֻϲϣ
̾˵ѽȥ𣿡
ѽִ˸ǷҪǻʵϲңʲôʲôܰҰӵǡ
ô򵥣ˡ΢šؾ󴦴ϣƣ˵ô
Ǹͦáϵˣֻ
ҶĸҲͦѽЦ
OO@@˿Ħٴ𣬴ˡʶĦŶңˮʪָ˿̴Լſ˱סɣøƻŮӣ߻ġ
ٺ棬ԽԽͣԽԽƺ˯ˣˡҪ뿪ȴͻȻԼ֡
ĸ˵ҪҪˡ
лҪ˵ˡûһ죬ȦȦߡ
ߣͬ䡣
ߣ
Ҳ棡

 15 

꣬ÿ죬ȥҲ졣һ磬͸⿴ʱͥеĻˮѾɢòˣӣˮˢ÷䣬ҶϹŵˮδ䣬ֻת
ӣǸ졣
̣С㣬Ҫϴ𣿡ʰʵ
߿ϣЦϴɡ
Ƭ̺󣬽衢첲ϴֽ߽ʰߵǰϵϴ
ڴûʰһֽ½סְͷ£ţ͵ǰȥ߸߾裬ͷʼϴ˵õ裬ĸһذɡ
ϲʱʰоţ϶ֽߵŻ죬Щѧûͦ졣
ҴЦ˵ŴչȥϴˮҲϴ
һҲϴģ
ʰΣ»ˮպ˳ݣЦŴսϹһ:ĸţ㲻㣿
ϰٵһѣҡͷ˵ѽףû׽ݶϣǹˣˣʱһֱţ±ˡ
Һ˭ҲҺĸѽֻЦġ
룬ϲЦأԼûӿ̽ʵ뷨ɡģô裬۶ôأǽų󣬿϶ģɣ
ôţЩпǻһ˲ٿɣ
˵ģȻǳԲůĿࡣЦţ赭дãҰţôࡣ
ϺһģǸµһˣƶ࣬ô㣿Ժ㵹ǲ£Ȼãٲ˭۸㡣
òһ޿Ѿͷ˵δǺ£ԼҲôģ֪ЩеѴ
֪˵Щ˵Щһ٣δȻȴһůɢͷ˳˵ĸţҲ¡
ѽ˵ʲôһʱȴҲ֪˵ʲô
Źϰ˴ǰסãﴰݿס
γһҹ˯ţټͷ̫ѨŸҩͷë˴ԷţֻͷҲۣĿҲۣôǲ
Էһʱճȥȡҩֱս˵λȥˡ
γ̫Ѩ֮ظ˵Ҳ
̫̫̽˵λ֮ǰѾͣˣôͻȻǲǸСйϵ
϶γ굽˼㣬˵Ǹһרһԣһ죬Ҫʰʲôʱܽ
æˣ⼸ɡ̫̫ģֻҪˣ͵£ͼ죬ʱҪɱҪУһ仰£
γһãŵ㣬ǿЩ
ְͲһæֵǸͷ̫̫Ҳ
γüЩɻ󣺡ͷʲôСѹûӦòں
ǽ˵Свүͷдţ񻹴˲ٳԴõĶֵҪĲںǸͷôдţ
γ룬ͷҲã㾡찲š
裬ҩˡ
Է𣬹γæסžͼԷҩ߽裬ͷҪ밲
ߣҲγӹҩ룬Է̫ˣ˲ֵԺ
Է֮ʱЩ˵Ŀܣʱγô˵оһ˿˵ʹ죬æͷӦˣ°ߵ߰ɣ̫̫㡣
ǵ̫̫õˣٹɡȻȴǴյǰЦ㣬пʱҳȥòã
þȥԷǸܲڻ
Է䲻ȵشʱ˵ɣδпա
ý㣬Цסĸ첲ҡҡһڣԶֻǵ常ǳʲôӶ֪ˣҳȥòã
⻰˵ȴֿԷ鸴ȿֿԼ󶼱˵İգ㲦֣ǰ˵ɡ
Цţ˰
ת뿪ʱѾûЦ⡣ԷŴӹγ󣬶̬Ⱦͱˣ϶ʲô鷢ˣϧһ֪
УþڸаԼĶĿ
Է뿪Żȥҩ봵˴Ҩһ㳢˳ȷˣԹγ裬Գˡ
γӹһ̾˵ԷڣźЩ
裬Էӹùһ۽ݹȥһòã
ѽγ˵ЦģţǾһˣٲֿˡ
Էɷס̹£ȴ֪γŴˡһڣԼеЩĳ谮Ůݣֻ¶ữСᣬҲˣֻŹ衣
ɵӣŮҴˣв˵ģγЦ㲻úߣСһ𳤴֪֪׵ġ
ҲޣҲޱ磡Էһ䣬ܳӡ
⺢ôˣγЩԣȵʡ
С㺦ءЦ˵̫̫Ҫ׵ĻҲóﱸˡ
ϦˣȹϦ˵γͷŮһ굽ͷѵиſֵʱúһ죬һ˵Ҫ߲ˡ
Ц̫̫ȫ
ԷһƬհףȷӦʱѾվں԰ǰˡһߣȴǰδеԥ
ô죿ѵҪȥ˵ϲôɣŮҽԭжģܷŵȥ
Էæתͷȥ߳ȴֲģת߻ǰվסͣסƬٻͷ˷ʼò⡣
ԺС
ռ˵СͻȻ߽æϹȥʱͼӣµϳʵǰ£𣿡
üĿˣµʼˣʱСػ
𣿡ЦЦؿҪôãɣ
ģԼϢı£æôᣡūѾˣʮǰﶪһض˵ȴһֱ鲻̫̫ŭլʹļȫˣʮǰˣֺֻҵġ
Ȼܲ鵽ôࣿǵ̵ĺˣȴǸѵõĶĿ
ߴӺɰһӵݹȥЦˡȥС⼸Ϊʲôˣ
лҪ˵ˡûмһ죬ȦȦߡ
ߣȦȦ+1
+1

 16 

лٿ첽߽ʡիУһùˡǰһöӣС
ôˣˡ̧ۿһöӣǰĺһΧסöİӣһֱѰ·
ˣҲ²㡣лֺҶһöӣԷһֱڻ԰أҲóȥߡ
⼸û¾͹תƣȴûߣЩ̲סլ˭֪ԷһֱȥҲ¶档
ˡһۣ˵ˣԺӦòˡ
л̧üһЦ˵ô᣿ŮӶϲݲݵģˣҲȥɡ
޾̣һ䣬ҪˡһöӣǸֵġ
лЦͦ˼ģһûŮӣôˣ
ˡһۣûʲô
ѾѹҪΣͲܹܵˡ
˵ҪҪȥһ棿л°˰죬ҵŽɳڵĺܣȥӦҲѡ
ҹ˵ģȴҪ뷨ӼԼһ档ˡ΢üͷһӣϧ˵֮˯ˣҲ֪ΪʲôԼ
Уҵٹȥû׼Ѿأлٶеӣ˳ȥ
ˡ̧ĨϵĺڰӣŮӣ˶ð
ԺС
С㣡СŽţյ߸ǰūȻûСΪʲôˣū˵СҪүˣ̫̫ڰأ
γôسˣȻҪԷϱˡôԷ֮ǰޣӦþΪԴˡǳ顣
ߴӺɰһӵݹȥ»ϲصؽˣæڵСں԰СҪҪȥʵСӦöС߶߶̫̫ϲˣҪǱС̫̫ǰ˵ûСͲôˡ
ôЦ˵ҹȥ
Էں԰Ҵˡôˡʲô˼أ
ŽԺȥͻȻʵ˵ȥ򣬺ôȥǶˣ
ϸģһֱԺĶ˽͸¶֡
һæֱ˵ûѽūȥСⷿ
£֪ҵƢ΢΢һЦ˵ΪʲôҪ͸¶ҵ£
Цݸ찤ʱЦһģһ²ˣ˵ū澲ǹģҪʣū澲Ҳ˵ūԺҲˣ
ߵʹƤ˵֪ҲҴ£ô㣿
¶ߣ֣ǺöԸģһ´ſǻ˵ūҲˣСҰɣ
ֻǿֱ޳һˣ߲ŵԺҪ˵ɡ
æҵؿ˼
Ժҵ£㶼Ҫ˵ĸЦ£˵£⸮ﵽ۾أҪҪʵԼŰ졣
ǽ޵ˣ´ʱţȴֻû䣬˵ǣūʲôСģ
Цǰߣڰֵȥʰʰ˿ӡ
ŲԶȥ̤ǾޱĻ԰СʱϺȻιһһʯļϡ
л١
̧ۿʱȻлǰ治ԶЦôô춼û
۲ԶǴʯݸһЦҼҵĻǲǸǮ
лٿ첽߽Цʵ٣
ʱ˵ɡ
תҪߣлæǰ棬ôһҾߣ
Ц˵ģûҵȻҪˡ
л̧üһЦ֪˭ߣˡţߵġ
Էˡҡҡͷ˵һεεˣˡҲġ
лЦˡһģҲҪ
ôȻһЦô˵Ļ뿴һˡġ
̤ڣлһЦլֹˣٻᡣ
һЦͬշεڿţлֻܵľɫȻĵĿۻңؿסˣֱߵԶˣŻعȻ˵ô˵˼仰żأ
֮ʱγͷ΢תܷĸףֹﶼѾˣţȥޥѧɡ  
γͷ˵Լţø˵
ţȻѾôڼҲһѧɣܼγɫѿæ͵Ҳǽ̣ĸǽֲ̣ǽö׽׽Էһ˴ҲƵģֻҼɡ
γԷɫźÿЩֻǱǣ
һ峤һǰ̣Ȼγһһֱϣ˻ᣬԻһ¡
γ˵ܶȹϦԷͰ¶ɡ
ܡŶһãȻֻ֮վš
֮ǰҲγ¶˼֪Լ¶ҪԷϣȻµͷи֣ȴߵݡ
͵ҡҡͷҪԺԷ֪𣿡
Ҹ˵ˡγ΢΢һЦŮƤߵúܣȲҪţϦɡ
ܴʱͷЩã˳ŲӱȥԺһű㿴ˮߵӣ³ɵýһá
ȴֲ֪˵ʲôֻǿĬĬԡ
߼ЩŹ֣ţʵ£
ءҲֻǸ硣ܻɬɬ˵ûʲô£ϻظ˵Ķ£ѾźˣԷ㡢Ķȥޥѧɡ
áָָϷŵ̽߹Ц磬ӣҿˣҲûˡ
ȥ򡣡ܻл㱵˵ϴ˵ҪӣһʹƷӣͰǸɡ
׬Ǯ𣿡һӣңɵҧһ룬Ҫһ׬Ǯӡ
Ʒģ׬ǮҲޡܿЦһ£ԭϲģȴ׬ǮǸȫһ׬Ǯ˿ƥЩ
Ǿ͸һ˿Ӱɡߵ  
áܿ촽źϣǿӣұк֣˵˼ʣӣȻóԣ̫𣬳Զ׷ᣬٳЩ
ϲءӣ³ˣЦ˵磬ҪǷĻҳȥ䣬вУ
ԷԼҪһ鲻ˣҲֻ˶Σýܴȥˡ
Сæˣͷһؽô㴦ȥģȥ
ѡӣ͸߸硣Ц˵ֻһ𣬲Ҫñ֪òã
һۣæתٿΪʲôƫƫãôôɵ£ 
òأʵ
á˵Σá
лҪ˵ŮϷԤٺ

 17 

һ磬ͽݼγͽ֮󣬱һȥޥ顣
Էǰ棬⼸ճصȻѧȶ߳࣬ټһմ»ֶϵõߣ˵ޥУó
ƼˣһƲ죬ıԹǷУ
ٿԷԱߵߣֵЩʱܱԷѹһͷ죬ѹһѹʶֵѾͷˡ
ޥúŮһһѯ˵Ľʱֻ߱ϵü֣дְˣ̸ʲôȡ
Էеһµطô֣񴵵ţƤɽ죬ʱֲʶһڶǰܡ
ηȴһŰµĲƪһֲʱ˶ˡ
ѿ˵Ȼʶ֣
һ˫Ӻ۲סشߣǺ档
Էᣬǲ˵ܶǺϵüֵĽȣĪƲǣʵ˵
ȻһЦҵȷдԼ֣ôû˵ʵ
һЦ˵ѽľͲҪļٴ׵ˣΪأԭŪ˶ǿ
ԷȦֱȣֵܹͷϣ
ӣۿͷԣæոսǶҲǺܶӽһɣ
ŮҲ泳Ȼһ˿ؽԷͷŬƽȵɣֲʲôֻҪʼд֣дʮ깦ģ̾ܽǳѾͷȥ
ֻǵд˰ƪѦμǰʱԷȴЦˡ糺ɫֽһĵŮȻΪ㣬ԾȻȴ໥ȫԽÿĽ
û뵽ȻǸز¶ĽɫԷѦμ㣬зòŵϰŮ񣿡
ǣߵûʣֶĺܣҲдá
顢д֣и赯ڵʱְֽģﷵؾǺµʱֹ裬Ȼֽīܿ춼ˣûǮҲ𣬴֮ȴûд֡
ó壬û棬Ҳ֪ôþ뷨ȥһźá
Է˵ԶׯΪֹŨޣδʧ³ˡ
ʶĿһ˲ʹ졣
𣿡߶ţҵͦÿġ
Էɫźÿȴḡ׻˵ˣҪֻͼÿѧãҲҪƲ𡣡
ҪˣҲٸԷּ㿴һۣЦϰ΢ǣҼǵ屻ī
һЦ˺촽㣬˵˵Ļǣ
ЦŰ˵ˣ
ǣԷߣȥ߹裡
ȥ£Ʋ죬ÿξǸ״˸״ʲô
ĿֿԷһǣȴֲ˵ʲô
ֻȻԵõд֣ʲôûһ
ʡիУˡӵЩ⣺ܶд֣
ǣ ӴղŻ˻С㵯á 
ˡոԼеľԽԽŨдֻᵯãǸѾͷ
ӣյķɸ봫飡һһСС«έͲ
ˡӹһּѸٿ꣬ɫ֣
ȷ«Ѿͷɷϵ£ȴûһ򵥡
֮ǰһľ֮ӱңҧˣڴ϶á
֮ǰһΪ檣żʧ˻յһףû檡
ʱһҹߵײ˹ʧŹ¶£ˤ̱ӡ
ˡɺϣôɺ϶ͬһ˵ʱ
ǸΣյŮӣ
ˡյֽ׿ҳȥһˡ
ŵæӦ
ˡǰµӵ룬ŻǱߣҪš
ˡһȥֱϦҹŻ
ӣæǰϢ̫̫˴ˡ
ˡժ޷ϣɡ
ѾǱͨڵһؾͻᱻˢӴ֮Ůӵ飬Ͳˡ
ǣæϦ磬үǰȥ硣
ˡȥظһ˵Ҹջ
δ䣬һֵĸ
欵֦Ԯ˿˿ơϢνҲǡ
ҹУڴ֮̽ʱβ֮С
һĪˡߵ¡ҹɫԽ޿ײ롣
ˡѰȥ̤ʡիֻ֮䣬˺ߡ
£ȹǷɣԸ裬ƺûо˵
ҹ֪ӺδٻһƬƬǳ׵ȹϣˮ¼ɫѩ
ˡվסӣȻ֪ȴһɲֻˡ
ͣЪعͷȻһЦ硣                        
лҪ˵¿ʼŮʽתϷڴڴ֤ȣϾŮ

 18 

18
ˡȻѹżӿǰŮӡ
üˮ촽Ȼ׵¹ΪĵһɴվǰôֿɼȴԶǧɴ
ʵڵˣǰķ磬ҹΣֻǲɶ˵˼˳ԥҿ
ȴڴʱˡŵĶ
һС̽ƺľѾ򿪣ҵľϸŮһɹǵϢ˿˿
ԭǳˡ
󲻹ƣ㱵˲סˡת뿪
ȵȡ߽Ųӯ׷˹ 
ˡסӣ΢̧б޵ĳüʲô
ֻƽһ仰ҲأȻڶУȴ޶η塣
ֻǴЦ΢̵ббѽ
һỬԲ¶飬ΡΡػҶֹڱԵδΣˡͻȻ˽Ϊο˵лΪζ˼ˣּ´棬мܹܾ
غ֪ԼԴΪΪЧ
Ҳ硣ˡ˵̧ߡ
˵ϺүãŸϣ΢ѵҲý𣿡
ˡŲͣ䵭Ҳ䡣
̬˰ľף뽭ңֻûʲôϵô˭ôǿ˭˼תű˿ڣôˡлҪ˵
ˡһۣҹ˾йŮ˵ʱ
һϢǰżٵЦ⣬ȴƣˣΪҪ
ôϢܵΧˡԼǰ´ˣԺУĺ
ǾƴԼۣ֪˶٣ĺʱҲ΢ζ
ǰô֪˵ζ
ˡ֪ȥŮһһƣֻ˿۲ӯӯ̬ԤȲ߻õģ˶ĵģȻȴֺ֪õʲôǿʵҪ˵ʲô
ֻͻȻ͵Ĵߣճɬ𣿡
ˡʶغһɫ
ȣ˿η壬ջؾƺһڡ
⣬ˡֻһɫľҺݮĴߣڻǰΪȥ
ˡͣǴı֮£һϢ
֪ò֪Σգȴ֪ˡ
һĿʹ֮ʱƳԿŵģһӭҡҷڡ

л˵ˡ̬
Ŷߵ͵͵ӦһһЦ㡣
ҵϢԽܣ֪Ǿơˡ˳ʵ£
㣬һھƣҽһˡ
ϦԭɣŮֵһ죬ȴͻȻ֪γ
ˣֻӦ⸮£ȴ˻һȻǲֵһˣӣ׿ڴӦңһİѱ
γ̴úܺã֪ܽ۵㣬ܱԹ˹ǱһߣֻҪսγŵĸݣ
ƵϿõҲֻլ֮УҪҵһߵˣ
ܣˡл٣ˣһá
ѡ˴ˡ
ȻܺãȴڽңδؾͲֹ֧γл٣ƺԣѿȥЩ¡
ΨдˡЩţּˣֱǰˣΪ˴ĿģںȾѪ  
ˡĬƬ̣ʵ
أһھơȻʲô֪µĲӦڰмһУҪʲô 
Ҳϲ󡣡ĿڴˡԪɫ۽ǵ˫ɫ˿֮ϣЬǳҵƣ·¹΢΢˸Ǽġ
ֻЬӾ˽ΪʲôҪ£ƿĿ⣬㣬ҽ
νɱøŮӣˡ΢΢̧üΪҪ㣿
̫̫ҲĶͷһߵĴʯȥͷùǺ˻ϲ
ͷˡ΢̧ü߿ˡ
һȫ·ĸˣֵһᡣ
ЦƲϽңΪʲôҪ
ˡĿббʯͷϣһֻɫЬȹ⣬Ƶصŵء֣һֻͣڴߣһֻ࣬˳ָʯͷʳָָֻʳָ
ŮӾûһϢʱ̡ԭǼû̬ľֹȴ
ˡƿĿ⣬޹ء
ôﲻңЦЦؿ
ҿʲôɰ㡣ˡ̧뿪
Ϊ׷ȴֻ˵ôûɣֻΪ˰ң𣿡
δ߿Լˡ䵭
ȴͻȻʵң
лҪ˵ߣҸ߿Լ
ˡ
ҴˣҼ֡

 19 

£ˡЦһͣͷΪ˭
߿δɾЦ᣺һΪֻһûбıء
һ˲䣬ˡʶҪһվӣԼǷܱһһϢͷߡ
ܽ𣿡
ͻȻˣ׷˹ˡ޶˱˲ӡ
ȴǰֻǸںҽ˹ѵûҵʱ򣿡
Դ󣬾Ȼһ֡ˡԽԽȴͣҲ
ңΪʲôҿңɸں棬ưΪʲôҰң
ˡͣס˲ӣ˵̬ȣ
ȻһЦ̧üҪô󣿡
أˡתҲ㡣
ˡ֣䵭ȥ㾿˭
ˡֻع
߽һ޿ȴܶԿ̫̫ܰмӽҵĶʡիвţȴܽύл٣Ҳµò㱳Ŀɽضͷ
һɲǣ߿ͻȻųһ˿⣬һ
Ȼɱ⡣ֻѣȴɱ⡣ʶغһҲĵˡ
ˡֻؿ
ڲ̽ĵϸȴû뵽ȻҲҿ̽һΣյŮˣȴֲ֪ѵΪе˶ɫĸԸߣ
ͻȻ˵ĺЩ͡߾һۣľҺͷɳŴˡ߽һӭĿ⣺ҲĵˣңҲһ㡣
ˡ˵ҿʲôҪġ
£˭˵׼أЦ»תȻдҵ£ȻҲǾмֵԲԣңҲ㡣
£˵
ˡ䣬ͻȻ̧üԶһ߷ӦѾǰʧ
һ£ôˣ
Ƭ֮һϸ΢ĽŲֹƬ̣ԶӰζԷҴ˹
ԭˡߵ죬ȻѷԷ벻Ȼ֡
ԶԶأԷһ̧ͷߣɫѿô
ޥû˵ɴʱѾߵȴֲ˻ȥţ߹һԲȴضߡ
Ҳץϲ룿߲⣬ֻЦк
ԷĿеľƺϣɫѿˣúõŮңȻԾƣ
յġ߰Ѻ»˻Σװϲ롣
ֻһˣԷӵشôţڸ˭˵ 
Ҹղŵȷи˵Ц
˭Էææ׷ʡ
ˡߵ
Զݱ»ӰˡȻҪ߱ˣд
ˡ磿ԷһʶţΣ
ԶԶŷ·ͽһҡҡͷ˭֪ߵǰȴûˣʲôޣҿˡ
ˡɫԽڵ٩Ƿд
ԷԼһ԰ͷĶʲôޣûʵ
˵Żһ˫۾ֻͼѰҴˡӰ١ȻϴδˡûзţԷܲǾ飬ܾбᡣϦ֮󣬹γҪͽܶףļ٣ٹ˲棬ŵ˹  
Цؿֿʡիķ򣬲֪ˡ˵Ļɶеʵץ˼ֻϲ룿  
ԷĲɵشǶģҲҪץѾͷŪġ
ȻһЦȻ࣬ôȴˡˣץ
ԷɺȴԾϴһᣬֻҪϼֻҪ֪ô飬һ
ݱ»Ӱ󣬴ˡת뿪ûضǲµûԶһ١ٶ˵ֻŮˣ
첽߻ʡիУ˺׿ŹγŪ
ԺǱߣٴŸץ«̽Ҫ֪йص˺¡
׿һۣⶼЩȣӴûйָվ͸ôˣ
ˡҪֻ֣ܲܽν
ҹ˾ʱУٴǼݡ׷ϵĽŲԽԽͷŨԽԽһȴڴʱ˺ƣ¶ߣЦ
ľϿһŲȿգһ
С㣬ʰڶ𣬡Сѣ
۾ŷʪ͸ˣȫǺ񣬵Ҫˮ
ʰܿ͹һˮ߽ӹһȵˮҺͷɿԽ⣬ͷһ˿Ҳ֮ɢȥ߽ӵݻȥҪ
Ŵ͸΢ͼʰȥˮе΢ǽ˯û
Сסˣʰݹӣū澵˵ͷ·ŰѼӣͲجˡ
΢΢һЦûֻ֪ҪȻجΡˡȻϰæԭҲûеϣϡ
ȼԻᰲŸ׵ķӡ
һˮеʰ䣺ǲ飿
⼸䶼ʰģľӦǸеġ
ʰһ£ŵ˵ū澵ĵū顣
㲻һһūˡߵҲֲڵġ
ǣС㡣ʰӵ˵
飬˵Ҿȥģߵô
ʰū澣ҵǰЩûˣûֵܽãЩ۸ҼûˣռúһұŪ䣬Ųˡ
Ůɥףƶϸʵ˺εƣֻʰ䵨˳ֻ¹ñҪЩ߲֮ģģ鶼ˣͷؼź
ģʰ侪ϲ֮£ͨһˣūСĴ
ġ΢΢һЦڴ֮ǰúúð¡
ɢѧ֮󣬽ƽСţĵسţƿȥܴ꣬ЦЦȥ
Խн֡һЦ
Ļʹ˵̫̫Ͼܽ
ãϸͬγĿ֪ܶǴҵϸЩñ֪ˣ֦
ϸͬ꽭ľðµģݲؽڣԸ˽Ů˵һһǰǷģҪǸСֻ
лҪ˵ϲŮϷֵĸо

 20 

ʡիУˡվŽܡ
ʰһȥ֦һˣָŽĵسţϲӦҪȥҪ֮䣬ײʲôܡ
ԽнλھǶǣһϴ֬ˮۡвƥ͸ʱεӣʮ֡ͣڽֿڴܴСķãóԺӺܶ࣬ʲôҪֻܸңʱ͵ȥ
ãҿ˾͸߸硣Ц
ŽֱƵţ˵ĵطһʮ·ڣͼֱһС¥Уһ顰绪¥̽ԣͣסŲˡ
ȥ߿˵ţ̧˽ȥ
æͼӭŰż̴ľĻǸɫΣɴĻһЩʮɾ£ܲһ֧̺ĴҪȴͻȻͺһ
ͷʱͼȹȾһƬգзСѾͷæҰţǸԭǲСİѲˮȹˡ
һʵ̵ûУ
û£ˮȡ磬߿΢΢˺촽ӿûȥȹӶŪˡ
Ա߾гӣæ͸ȥ
ӣС㡣̨߳ŮƹЦ˵С澲СģðλλڵԵƬ̣ͲµС㡣
Ҳǿ̵ˣ֮ʧµģȥͺá 
ܰʰչ˺С㡣
ӣŮƹæСȹʪ˲㣬¥ҵԷǹӲĻСҵ¥һ
תܵ¥ϷЩ
ãʰС㵽¥ϣܵܰ¥ݣ÷κߡ
첽뿪£ȹǣ¥ݣתͷʰţͽһ
Ϣش򿪣ȥ᣺һСòŮ¶Цݣã
㣡߿첽߹ȥ۾ˮɫôˣּˣ
ã۰§ڻסˣһֱ㣬㻹㰢𣿡
ܺá˵дҶյˣֻż㣬ԻŻص١㣬ɺã
ޱߵ鷢ױһҲܺã겻ҵСӶɴˣҺúÿ㡣
ڵķˡõǶǽվţ΢˫Ŀ
ǱߴϢ˺뿪Ǽ꣬«ӼҸڣǡðһ򸾣ǸԳ£òˣʫƻʮֽã룬Ӧˡ
ֲʶֹֻ֣欣ԭˡ
ţʮ꣬Ǽһֽʦѣĸⷬ飬ȻǱѰһȴʱ棬ֻ£ΪӦ
ˡֿЩϸȴͻȻеţУֱɵƬƴյ
ˡüѵǹģøƻŮӣ
첽ߵǰк룺ȥһˡ
¥£ܰʵ¥ڵô
СѾͷЦ˵ǣٽһķӶǽǽҲпǱҵġ
ܰЦ˵ùֺġ
δ˵꣬žͿѲֵĲģҪݣһ¡
¥ϣⵯãⷿһ̫ˣ¸ǽж
ʵҪģֻǴˡңˡ˼ӣҲǵ̸
Цѽ˸ϣҲ̫ЩѾڣƽ㣬ӦòСĽ䱸˰ɣ
߿˲ңҪ䱸ģǽҡ㣬ǽһҽ˵ú
һʵոް˵λ
ء㣬ھô꣬𣿡ߵĺ𣿡
ûֻ˵üܵõġ˵в棬Ǵɵĵط벻ȥȥĻӹȥ
ѽЦſתΪʲôȥﲻǳԷ£ҳ˹ӣǰЩ۸ҵˣһһȫ
ѽӡ︧⻬ͷᣬһ빬ƺֻΪЩĵˣҲض
ΪԼءⲦŪãصңҲ֪볤þõڣΨбñ˶ǿ٣ǿǸ
̧ͷеòӸͣ£ȻһЦ»˭Ȼʵ۸ǿ
ڣˡͣٵһ˲佫仰ڶɫ
ǿģҹѰʱգգ֮䣬⣡
Ҵ㲻𣿡ϸ緢Ȼʵô˼ 
֮ǰǸɫӱҸңòֶߵҼװӦҧڽ̫̫̫̫ѱԸҡ
ЩȣʵҼȻΪʲôҪԸ㣿
ҲɡҡҡͷҲбԭ򣬲ڻֻ֪˵Ϻү˽Ů̫̫˺Ǻҡ
üʵģ
Ҳšҡͷ̫̫Һ޵ֻô򵥡ң˵øһģһϺүòܾ顣Ȳ˵Щ㣬żѰ㣬ҽ
̾˿Σ
¥ͻȻһӵʰ˵С㣬Ѳֵʿ̲顣
ᰴסŲӵ֣㲻ҪٵˣЩǲʵǽ
߷²ӣǻơ㣬
ߣ˵˼仰Ͻ糺ѽ˭Щ߰Ķ
ߵ͵Цţ̫̫ҼҲνˡ
ڣˡǰһ˵ͣĪǴڶߣϸǰͻȻ촽ȻģҹմŵǵξƣͻȻϷһ㣬Щ΢ζ
ֵ޼ɵֵæԭòȻŮ
УԽ˪зһĵס
ˡ΢΢۾ǰڵĻҲö̫עȻԼ
ãڽ㣬񣬻һ𣿡
̾һòŵЩֵ£ӣ֪
ͻȻ͵ˣֹһǽǱߴһӯĽŲ뿪ˡ
ˡеʧųȥϸͬ
лҪ˵ˡָһ㣬ƺܼܿ桭

 21 

ͣ߸ڽ󣬶شƫ߽ƽûվĻһӶ˵̫̫Сȥһˡ
ûĻܡܻͷߣϱЩǸȻҸһȥ
үֻ̫̫Сһ˹ȥæ
ǸȻһĸΪ½ѵֻ֣ߵģҸһȥ
ȴҡҡͷԼȥɡ
γԵ޹ʽѾˣҲã綼Ҫ֣Ϳ˭ܸʤһ
Уγ˹سŲ裬밲ʱƤû̧һ£иģ㻹ǵðɣ
ǵá߲ɫ˵ҼңңҿȥļʱҲӹһ١
ǡγһЦô˵̰ͼǮƣϸҪңȻһ¼
쳤ϣô˵˵Ҳס߿΢΢һЦ̫̫ҪҲź˵ܻģԷĹ
˵ʲôγԭΪẦ·û뵽һھͱ˼ƻԷʲôɣ
̫̫գգ۾ЦЦ⸮ûɲֹһأұ˵ǰͽŸ˵ҵ¼ˣЩǣһӵùԣ
γʱŭ豭˹ʲôҲҸԷᲢۣ
ɵһǸҤİ״ɲ뵱һˤڵϣ˸顣У̫̫ϸ룬ҵʲôԷǽĺء
ҹγ
ǡ߸һת뿪
̫̫æγű̫̫թСϾҪүˣ⸮ûĹҲֻжʲô
һ仰˹γµľǻ޼ѣԷϾҪ޸ܣʲôγԸпңæеһ
ת̫̫ʲôԸ
γӹ»Ĳ豭һڣ˵øϻԺ˵ʲôʲôҷʵ㣡Ȼٲ
Ϊ˶Ը۰Էˣ˵ֻǳ޶ҵļޣ治š߲ٶ˵ĬĬ˳ȥ
γԶ²룬һС㱻ȥˣ
̫̫ӢЦŴȤֻҪѱ˹ҲùԹĻ
û½ͰģγһЦٰ߳ףҪ
µʱүţֱȹγߣæѵ̫̫̫һ
ǲĳޣγ˿
ҹĻĺϣá
ϣָָСϷŵۼӣңӣңԲԣ
ĸģһ£һӣ۾һҾ֪ĸˣĸĶǱȱ𴦵Ķóԣ
ȵ𣿡ϱ˵úң֪²˵ɣҪҸʲô
Ȼʲô¶˼ҡһӣ͵ЦʱиǿӣҸңҿȥңҲӹһ١̫̫ˣԸңĸ취òã
ϺһѾ⣬ǹµİɣ
͵һЦĸӢ
룬Ĵ㣬ҡͷչ˵ȻǺöǸҲûģǰŸǣ
νֻǸȡ裬ЦӣҺˣһ죬˵Ҫһ̫̫£̫̫ܷŹҾܰһˡ
ϱ˵ô˵ңҲǸȡ裿
ôܸĸȣЦסĸ첲ҶĸһƬĽ֮ģүܸ֤
һƿٸף
ڶʱдϢ˴ѡ㣬ھ£ΪɥԲٴ죬ֻ׼ѫѡʵŮͽУοʥġ
Ѿ񲿱õ֣ź˵ʱ̫ܵߵĽָýϰǣʱܽЩЩѹѧˡ
߹˳شǡ
Էͷһ˵£һѿʵҪȥѡ㣿
ǣܵƽڽŮ֮УѾڣܸΡ
Է尾빬ȻԸˡأȻѾͷǿȴֻΪͬȴѡûУƾʲô
Ƚˣÿѧһʱǣγؿ˿ڣԭĹҲͣУӽÿⵥһʱеĹأѧãϸƤ֣ȡ
׼µģְͲһ˹γӹ˿ֵݵϱһ˿Цţ߲̣ܽѧĲģݺݵĴ򣡡
ǣִӦʮ
һ˵ȴ߹˳شǡ
һɻַ⣬Ǽʱôˣ
һǡùγʹ쵽˼㡣΢۴ǰʶһĻĻԺ
ģĸ˫ΪԼźӣֻҪĺ
γ˵֣ȥȥǲֻܽѵ
ɫһ䣬æҲһȥɡ
ܶ£л˵
γһֻۣ⣬æŽߴյ߸ǰС㣬ɡ
ԷҲȥЪŰɣлҪ˵γֵ
ԷʱߵıӰָһŽߣзƵģĵѹѹס
ҲҪùˣԷĪһ⣬¶Цݡ
ԺС
־ߣ׼شȥ˵סˣҹ·ʱŤ
лҪ˵ˡ˵õļأұ֤㣡

 22 

С
γЦ˵ŮҵýѾˣмҵýлɽȸл̽̽ڷ磬еĻȥ롣
ææӦˣҪ˵γԷļױ̫٣ٸׯӣ¿ģжҲЩǼ޵Լܹ黹Ҫ
ܵͷĸ׿ͺãӶġĸףûб£Ӿ͸ˡ
ȻıøϿȥţ߳˿
żʲôγЦ⣬һû˵ꡣ㻹ǵɣСҪ˵ȸѣǲŵģ㲻ò֣
ܳһֵ
æĸײɣǰ;õúദǣֻһ뽭£Ǿˣ
γЦһȲ˵ܻܲȥȥˣѵָ㣿ΨѱԹ
ܻҪ˵Ѿͷ̫̫ү̫̫ˣ
ʲôγü
Ӵɩ˵ֶŮѡ㣬ϲ߽Ц˵ֶŮ
ԺС
С㣡ʰ侪ţææȥǰҪֵĽߣȴڴʱһץס˽ߣ֣Ȼôأ˵˵еʲô
ֳһǳŵĴЩתһ룬Ƿ̫̫̫̫ʲô
קߣ˭֪Ҳֻ߬ﲻţæʹ̵קţҧ˵С㲻ŻңǷ̫̫ܽС㣬˵ƴ죬ҲһТֹС㣡
ִ̫̫ңȻûʲô˵ͻȻɿߣЦô䡣
͵سգ˼һƨڵϣֻôεһۣѿ˵˷ˣ͸̫̫ȥ
ȥɡ֣赭д˵һ䣬ҷǸµģҸҶ֣Ҿ͸ұ٣ʱ̫̫û£ūŻ̯ʲôɾͲ˵ˡ
΢΢Ц绨ؿ֣ң㲻٣Ҳһǧַø紦㣬Ųţ
ֲ˸սܶã޼ܹȻҶԹγ˵ʲôҪʰǻɵģ
̱ڵϣһʱ֪ǸüǸѡ
ֱӣ£
ر²ŷˤˣźǣֻ΢һ۵亹ֱðվվסֻûپˣһգ没ȴȻ˵ָո˵ҪҲǵˣһҿ
˵ˤ߲ȴ֪߱ضǲŹģѵҪֻҧһ飬ովסֵָոҲŤˣһ顣
ֺ޵𣬶һתһ飬ͼ˵ԣ°̧̫ˣߡ
˵ūСģԼ·ģ
̵ľͲԣôѧЦģ߰ɡ
۵üŲӣּѵת̧ӣֻºһĵۣһվͨһˤڵϣϼˣ۵
ȴ˵£ߡ
ˣƽǺ˼ңŰūͣ
ҲֺأЦؿôҪҪأ
ˮ㶼ǳתͷȻޣҲֻ˿ūˤú߲ɡ 
ã¡ʰ䣬ȥ᷿Ъš˵ʱֻȥ
ôЪҪǴγ϶Ҫߡּ˵УūøϽȥ̫̫ 
ôŽĦţζһӣ־ˣ̫̫ôңҲҶ֣֣˵̫̫֪ˣ᲻İң
һ񶾵Ůӣ 
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ɼºʰһһҼ᷿ȥŹؽˣſ϶ãһѹҪҪʵ̫̫̫̫᲻Ҵǲģ⻰˵
еӣң΢˺촽
ּȲŹγķԸûγЪϢԹγ飬֪˿϶ֲҸγ˵ʵ
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С㣬̫̫ˣСȥ˵ء
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Ҫ߽ˣʲô̫̫ĻҪ˵
߷ɿ˵ּҵʱ̫̫ҵ⼸ֻ֣ܶȥĵطǷּʱûóģ̫̫˽صĲҵ
ѾγҪŽܺ͸еĶĿȻὫڿջӦŪȥصĵطǱ˶֪լӡԹγݣȥ棬ôֻ־дһֱųǮƣֻҪŶ֣˳ϣȻҵʱһγԹ˲Ͼܸ˳ش
ϵɫ˼䣬żֽ䱸ʵôң
Цﲻžˡ
䣬γѾ˳߳ʲôǷԸȥѧأ˭㵽й䣡
ܸææؽͣĸףҽùġ
ԼѲ߳ԿҪߵĻᣬæ˽
ߵͷһ˳ѾҲûҪγִ̫̫˵ǣͻȥ
ôùγЩģĥǱϵҲԾæ˵ϣֶŮ˵仰ɩѵҲҪţ
γʱߣ˵հɣҪѧء
ƲƲ죬һԼֶŮУҿûأ
Уܿ첽߽ʵ£ô˵
ҡҡͷǰߣҲøΪѡ
ʵǻɽ֪飬ʼգ
ܽ˵㲻Ҫ£һ׵ķӡ
ͣסӣ۲תؿ᣺׵ģǽ
ǻɫˣȴһɽ£Σβŵô


 23 

ںڵһ΢գҲ֪ôɸ 
ģģܲٿŵر
ô᲻֪ʱҹ̽ĵϸʱ֪Ǹģ˵޷Լϡ
ֵֵ̽Ρܵãȥ졣
ת뿪߳Ըʰ䣺ȥ֦һˡ
ҹ˾һСĴƽ̧ȥרƫƧգʱ̧˳ǶһƧСԺ
ֱѾͷӣһȳһյؽݵţһ̧ͷҽ𣿡
ǽͷϣһūʹ˳һȻ˸ˣ
ӰܰסΣȴʱ
ݺһӰ£
ַͳүİɣҽҽΡ
ϣ׵ӹһ˿ϲ׷ʵҽû˵߶೤ʱȥ

ҧ󣬶һֱܰξֽŶ̱ܶҲǿ˶٣޲ߵʱ򣬹γװţԳƿϵеҽΪ˲ͶҽһڴӦǽҽΡ
֣Ļϲ֮ǲǾ͸ǰһˣ
Ȼֵүҽ˵ܼ磬ױ˵ζײЩһҪŹشǧҪӣҲˡ
Ӧַվˣʱҽ㡣
ߺ󣬴Ҵ˸ιˮҪ˯£ͻȻ߿ܰż˴סˣ죬װڴ̧ߡ
ŵ˿ӣ۵һ˴ڴһϣλεߣҲ֪˶ãͻȻֱ³˵ϡ
ڴ⿪Ĳקڴ˻е˭ΪʲôץңҵǾˣҪǸҶңҵ϶Ūǣ
ֻһ˵˵ˣܡ
ڰУԶһΣһӰϢ뿪ˡ
ǺӰһƵģܿƽ԰ڣſ첽߽ʡիȴ롣
ӣһȥϸͬ빪˵
£ˡһöӣ˵ܣ˭
ˡӺȥģָˣܰڱԺĵؽһ·β棬ʼû
ˡĴָʶĦöӣĿ
벶ȸں󣬲һΣȸδ̫˵㡣
ӦҲŪģΪ˽̶ˮþ¡ֻǣȻ˽֣ܳΪʲôںŷĪŲܣ
ڣԽԽ棬νˡ
ˡӣ
ָת˲ʧټ
ҹɫʱƿԺţ롣
磬ѹôˣ
ûе򣬽ںڰѭһȥѾˣ÷ġ
׼ôʵ
ȱϾ졭ԥ˵ȹŰɣȷˣһ棬ٴá
ڰУֻ˵ڸ̫̫ʲô𣿡
һæҲẦ㡣
ӦģһγõĳĬԽģ׵ңҾẦ㣬ֻǣֻǾúôҲմЩ¡
ֹһЦ£á
һģһưš
лл硣ߵȥɣҪ˯ˡ
ߴҴдһŶ̼ݸʰ䣺ͳȥ
ڽ̫̫ܹγӰ죬Լֵĺá
ݶϣˡ뿪ȻŲܣͿҪôˡ
ĸʱγһҵѣûüѾ˽µøҵĴɩԭ㲻ҵ˽ͷ
γĪûü˵ֵѣµĶҳ
ѶϵʱѾҳһţִ˵ҷγͷɢģ϶Էܳǰһס֣常ʲô
үˣܰŽǱҩˣ
ͷƤһŭգظӵһֻܶҪը˳ץϵҤˤȥһס֣
Ƭ̰һȴǹγˣ˻ʣǾ賤ɩ׻û
ƲƲ죬һмɩװǻˣǶ֪ˣ
֪ʲôγ죬ŭȻ빫֮ңɩ֪ʲôҪ٣Ҫǣ
Цһپͱ٣ٸ鵱ּʱɩײ˶ٲҵϸͬǸԺӾ֤Ժӣ϶Ҳ˱Ǯƣ
ҲǺٺһЦҲ뱨٣ùٸһ飬ϸͬǸˣǲǴɩͷ
ұ죡ŭ˼㣬ȵϸͬҴģĸ޹أ常ٸڮĸףҲҪ٣Ҫ峤ݣǣ
ˡһ죬ȴǹγ֮£һͷڵϣεˡ
ʱңֻЦһװξܶȥ𣿵ţû꣡
лҪ˵ˡָһ㣬⼸ܼ棡
ߣۣϴô˵
ˡģϷʱԤ棡

 24 

ҹͻȻ˴˴ߣѹʱŷ֣ԼһƬ䳱ʪǰվŵģ֣ҲǰǸڴˣһͷŮˡ
Сȹ£ȻȻֻһվ̬Ǹоȷţضǧġ
Ȼӻ̱ţȻһҹ֮αߣڻ巢ʲôһɫôҲ಻סŬ̧Դɤʵ˶Ķҵ𣿡
һԲֻ֣ͼһľ׳߹кȴһѶ̵
ʱź˵ҪҵǾˣҪǸҶңҵ϶Ūǣ
˵ƽһССľˣ
ƽ˼飬ûŪ׶Է˭ڽʱǺƺǿˣ͵ǴǰҾ
ʱˣǴߵǸҾ
˻ߵؽеС߶ԲԣչӵƸҵŮˣҹүǲܶң߹ȥ
˵߱ȥϢʱĶ˷ܣȻѾȢޣôˣֳ˹ҵС㣬ֻҪ£Ǻүٻ
ʱһ·ģκ߶ô˼ӣȥ߳ףû뵽һμˣȻų
ЦһʲôҲƽС㣡ţ̫̫Ѿ֪Сһѵ
ǰһе硣
һŵ˵ҪʲôҪʲôҵŹģ
Ӹвֻȸһۣһ˹ȥ
ɾˡ˳ֵһƺϴ֣Ů˵һֵǴǣȥ«һˣϵɽ
ˡŮᣬǳǵǹؿǧ񡣡
ϴϵ«岢ȫö
ӵû£߹ˣʲôֻǵߺûӦһչĸô죿һɽ
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ԶһԾ£ȵ˵ԶȻ
ƽУγӻû˵档  
ܳôͷһοᣬ֮ģԼ˱ˣæʵĸ׺Щ𣿡
γֻ۾ֱֱض컨壬µ˵ϸͬðµģСһֱ͵顭
ܻȻһֱΪ궡Ӧֻ¶ˮԵû뵽׾ȻôãҲѹĸôߡ
ԽæȰοǶǰˣĸײؽ黳
γҧ˵ܵ裬Ҫ
Ϊ˵Ƕæĸ׷ģټˣһϳ常ĸһ
γӣĨ᣺ô֪ϸͬŪߵģΪǸˣԲԣ
Ϊʲôʱˣæõ¡
γһ´ȥɱǸˣ
ĸףܻæǰס޹أǶţŶһˡ
һˣγƿ˻е㻹һˣٱʲôҵĻҵɽҸһᣬҲҪɱ
ܼ˵ĸϢŭõ¡
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סֵ̫̫ʲôʧΨʣ
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վ⣬ͬˮһ㣬Өͨ͸
ܴƤĸǰ鶼Լϣ֪ġҩܰпѾɱµǣ֪լ֪ҵһС
ȴΣգƿءֻһ
ǰһģʵڲңͺãΪʲôҪĸף
˵ʲôأӿ޹ͬӤҲס
ܿЦ˴ȴƭɬɬ˵αҡ
̫̫ιȥˣе
ɫһ䣬ٹ˲ϱģæתݡ
һת뿪Ҳ˺·ԼģˡҲãҲãһ
ֻȰѰӳɷƴһǰ̣
ʱ֣ˡ糾ͣصʡի
ˡлٴӭϰ죬ȥĶˣ
ˡֻҪҪˡ
лЦˣҲҪ㣬ѡ˽Ժÿ춼ýӦîҲˡ
ʵҪȥĶ
ˡ˵
л֪һٹأû׷ʣֻ̧ߣЦȥҲ˵һ
ˡ֪˵ߣֻû㡣
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ǸҴˡˡ
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ǰŵģеΣһױ߰Ȼվţγ£ߵͷ档
Ӧ¡ɬǧټͷһԸģȴĸס
ȥˡ¶˾ģ֣Ψйܻסĸ׶ƽ
һȥĻʹγѹֹʲôźϸһſУ˫ϥ£ŹγĸףϵӴ
㣿γ˵㲻ɿ
ĸһΡ˫ϥ£ɫһĸʧ!
ʱʰԾûлԺȥµʵߵĽųȥǲǾ͵ˣ
ʱǰʰȥ֦̽Ϣľ飬ʰӦһʱǰͻģɵȴӰ
ûµĻشֻܵá
תش¶߹¡ܰ棬÷κ˽
Ǻܿ˸ɾĿؿߣһһߵǰòڡ
磬ȿ˿ڣʲô𣿡
ƣ㰢ʱˡ                        
лҪ˵ˡָһ㣬¿϶ܼ档
ߣۣˣ˵ˡ
ߣͨͨ˵㣡ðɣ·Ǽ桭

 25 

߿üĿ
׻һСһΣҲĵ֡
̲뵵ķʱľԭĵòҲƿĿ⣬ӣһչ˺ܿ࣬ġ
͵һЦ赭д˵ѽԭи˸չ˰˼ȻڸǾ͸ˡ
ӴԺֻҪˡпɬҼӦйչϵȻʳԣҲڶһ˵ϣĸ׹˳һЩĸܿࡣԭõ׶Բĸס
̧üô˵
ϸͬ˵õһֱĸף븸ף͵顣
ԭˣֵ̫̫ҡȻһЦ˵ĻȴģֻǣȻңβΪҪǧټһŶˣ̫̫ҽøǰ̣ҪңԸңµı£ǲǶҪռˣã𣿡
ƿԡ
߻ЦӯԽߣ˵ǲҲҪ
ᣬξΡת׷ϣǰ˵ҲΪãֻǵҪǼȥվԿںңҲܵ˺
ͣסӣǺãұҪš
첽ȥԸ͸ţ֮Ҫš
ʻƽţĿĵڳиε¶ü۾µİ˿ӿŴ⣬ƺֻڳ 
ԶԶţԽԽɻһֱĿĵصߣҪʲô
һʱ߻صУæ˵ʰ͵͵ţץסˣ
ۣܺãǶء
ַ£ʵȥǲСȥʲô£˵
ʰհӣʱǰţ۵ֱȴ˵ﲡˣ͵͵ܳȥûָʹҡ
򣡡ɭɭ˵˵ʵΪֹ
ҿ˭ңߵͻȻ
ֲЩľ
߽ȴֻʰ˵ſ
æȥֱ֣˵Ǳû֣ͼ΢΢һЦֵſ
ǽɫֻǲ֣һϢͻȻгһߣһϴȥ
һֺ׼ֱ϶ʱһ죬ŵڶߡ˵Ӷʹææ֡
ߴЦʰֵǰѽʹſɻ˳֣ҪҪ̫̫һܴ˵ĳӣ
һвҪ¸߹γ˺һû˵ȴͷ
Ƿˣ߲ʰ䣬ߡ
ʰ伱˵С㣬֦ʱһֱţھӣ˵ûˡ  
΢üԸڳߣ֦һֱţ֪ڵϢԵ޹ʲȥֻб䡣
ˣǱá
ٵһȣı󶯡
հСԺʱ֪ĳˡ
ǽܣǴˡ
߳Ľȥ̧ˮҪԡ
ҹ룬ʡիͻȻ͵͵ߵ̽ͷһͼ˳һϮɫͷ˸ʵȻȻǸŮӡ
ѵԷ֮ǰţʮᷳԸٲ̤һҪ˸ߣȴͻȻ⵽ҹ紵ʱɴӯһյϸϣȵֱ̬Ҫȥ
Էߡ 
һն⣬æԾ첽ȥԷǰûڣڵˡʵ˭
ӣƺС㡣
һĬΪԼӵ˼ڻ֣̿ȴͻȻˣˡ˵

 26 

˫ȵĺϢش, ¶˱ñڵ, ϸɰļϣһ촽Ȼ, ´棺͡
һ, æ˿һҵ
, ΢һС°, ̨  һ㣺 
벻˿һǡ
һĲֵͨͨ, ֵӿϷ, ԭɫ֮ģ˹
ߵͷ, ʯ̨, ƿڵķš
ûе򣬵׵¹ӸӴ͸鰸ϳһİӰ, ڹԵĻҺɫУ֪ںδǷһֱڶ
ߵˡ
ˡһߴ, ͳ䵭£
¡
ѭ, ȥ۾Ӧ˺ڰ֮󣬵ȿɫĻϯһͦε, 
ȻһЦô
ˡٿʱѾһ˭ĵӣԴţ
㲻Ƿҽ𣿡΢˺촽ճɬ㣬ӦҲҰɡ
ǵֱ˳ˡǸ߹Լ
ֻ˲Ϣ֮䣬ǰ΢΢ƿ˷ñ
ǧ˿׷£ͷѻķɫҹɫŨ޵׵Ԩ˲׹
ߵͣھָĵط촽̾Ϣ𣿡
ӦģֻǳĬˡɫţ㲻һ翿֮㹻ľ롣
øסˡ΢΢˷ڻҺڵУӭŴˡϴ֪̽־ᶨѱңȻլܽӴǿҪ
ˡĿѣȻҹȻûеɽǰ˿ϸü̵ͦıǣĴûһ㣬ĵ㡣
̫֪Լƻ֣ɫר
Ҹ߹Լ𣿡ֿһ㣬
ˡˮɫ՝￴ԼҲԼĵ
ƻ¶ĻڣΣȻ޷ܡ
ô˵ٴο
ǳĺڴˡϣϸ΢ĸдҲȫ
Ϊ㰢ΪˡŲ
Ȼʲô֪ƺܣȴ飬ΪκãҪģȷʵҪΪԼá
΢˺촽㹻ǿ㹻Ķ֡ûпΪʲôʲô˳ԣеĻǶôȤ
ЩֱӶӣֱļҪһʱſԼӰ˵Ϊأ
һɴδĸоںڰһΧ˴ˡ˿һ㣬ģɫشĵǿң궯ԭҹҲűȡ
Ƕգ̫Ũ̫ңˡЩӦȻȫµסҪԡ
Ͼڣ޷ܵس١
ˡΪңô˵
ݷڴˣȴܶϤһУͼضСúܽߵһסˡҽ֮һһ֮Ը
ˡͻȻһ˿ŭ࣬lջģȴǽͶһ˵Ļڹ֮У˵µ㹻ĸף񲻵̫𣿡
߳һ
⻰˵Ǹ֮ҹϻ˯ʵл֮ʱô֪ɺϣʱҲڣ
ʶҪ˿Ȼˡ죬磬ű˲䰴˳ϣ֮ǰ̬˵ȻҪôڣʲô
ֻܴһְֻţ˿ãȵļ΢ļڴıĥţ̵ú΢΢ۣ޶Щ£֮ģȴһɺʤ֮⡣
Կ˳ƣЩĵʲô
ҪһȻĺ촽ôҪգˡһ˲ʶҪȡƷȴ͵ɿеˣ𣿡
ߵ͵͵Цϸ˿䣬ӴӳݣһӰΧ֯һ޵ܵزס˴ˡˮɫٵķβббֱ꣺ڳԴף
ˡƿĿ⣬˵һϲ߹Լ
ȻȴǰδеĲȷѵνļʣ
ЦҿĶ޶ԡ˼ֵ٩˵һϲķǡ
ˡһ䣬תҪʸǿģԣң
һһѸ󾱣ָͣոհסĵط
ɺϣ˵Ļ˵Ļǰˣȫ֪ĸǿΣաעѵֻ˶òŮӵ⣬ѵûбͼ
׾ΪɫԻˣôضǱ⡣ͻȻʧٻ᲻йأ
΢۾һ㣬Ŵˡ޹أҲһ֪䣬ΣҹҪϵõʲô
̺Ĵ΢΢ֱǿڹҲϲ߹Լ
ˡ˲䱻ŭǿģֻǻʵ
߻δվһˡٴסǰҪĿȣȴǱ䣺ǲ˭ǿ˭Ͷͱ
̫У羪κеһҶСۣòŷͶȥȻСԼ־֮Уֻƴܡ
ĵֿӼˡŭ⣬أѹϸ壬ֱѵഥһɲǣٿ֣ԼţˣҪײϼǡ
һ˲䣬ˡʶ̽ǰץָ⣬ֻһʹԶΣգ
Ҳŭ⣬˵ĸоʯ֮䣬ö⣬ȻҪǱȻǿȻȴҲ
ˡڼഥɲǣٴɿȻȴˣһ˵֫˳Ƶȥϥϡ
ϥ֮ϣһֳֻţһָֻʯɫۣһ΢΢ˣϥϡ
ˡһʶرҪƿȴ˵¼ѣֻǸ޿ŮӣȻĽǿˡ
ǧ˿׷ͷ£ͣڴˡϥϡˡָⴥһ㣬ŷķǰʪǵˮָ⣬֮ȥأȾҲˮ⡣
ȻŮӣɫɫĵǼĳֵˡˡʹһǰδеļѸҪǿˣܺãǿˡ
ˡǰķ˿°ͣȵ̧ͷʵ˭ǿ
Ҳǹλ߱ͷƣ˿˿˿ҲǱˡ
ˣȻбˣˡʶؼϵۣ߳ȴֻգգ۾Ҳ㡣
ͼذ˵ףĿ껹ˡɿ֣ûȤ
𣿡һֻҲƵϣʧ֧ţһ㣬ѣϥϣҿǣѵø˻ء
ȴƫҪֵҪʩ˿ϷŵΡǰְҲղܡ
ˡȴڴʱͻȻϸϸָʯɫۣأϻš
һսĸоѸٲͷƤЩЩ飬˼Ʈ
ˡ͵ץסֻǻ֣ͺȵ
Ūˡߵϥϣ̧Ƥֲ㣬ʲô
£ˡһЦһδ¹˭
һϢ߬ס룬⧲ڵأϣͣϷ㾡ԡ
һűĵ棬һϸţ˵Ϸǿ彣ţɢǿҵѹȸУȻʶŵģǸǿˣ䵭ƣҲ׾ٵشݻ
һɲǸоǰδеĿ־壬ҧ촽ʹȫ
Ȼˡǯһ㣬εסֻ˵ڣ˭ˣ
鼱֮£һ߹ȥ
Ҳ߬סˣˡڳһֻ֣˫ֿһٹͷɫôӲòˣ
Ľ߬УϸϸĽֻһ㣬㣬µˡͻȻʱϲֻСƣԲؿھУ˰֡
ҧһֻδĽˡеֻҲУŭͽ͵ţֻ͵ˣ
־˲Ϣﵽ˼㣬ֻкبŭ͸ĸоȻһϢһŭ⣬ȻһЦôò
ɫһյ񶯵ˡ͵˦Ľţ֪߳ܣ
һϸϸͻȻͷʱֻɫЬģݵĽţһûһµȣЦЦأļ϶п֪߳ܣҲģ
ĵѹƻȥˡɿס֣ɣţ߰ɡ
߹ԼĶ㣬Ҳʧ̬ˡ
ŵأţָ£ɢķ˿ȻһЦҲߡ
һ£ŷһֳԼ޹ǵһ㣬š֫Ƶߣûзϥϣ῿ȣ¡
ˡʶرҪ˦ȻͻȻֱ̧ۣɫ֮䣬¶Բϸ֬ļһȦȻոµĺۼ
ˮˮһŪˡ
¹͸СͶӰӣΪϴϣ˿һʹ⻬ԣոѹȥ⽥ˡĿ˵ٲûҪۡ
ҡͷЦ΢˺ġ
֣ҲЩ˵ƢԡΣգȴơҲǰᶯǰȫġ
ֻҪС̽Խ߽磬ôΧڣԷܻӦ
ˡûлӦֻʹ˫ĿۿҪж
ָ⻬ĺ˿۽ǣƹȥֻа棺㲻ҽ
ϸһ飬Ŷ˵֮ʱ˵ʵǿʱԶŭΪʲô
ˡûлشɫ
Ҳ⣬ش𣬸Ĭϣڣһ̽鵽롣
ǲҽǲҽ۽ǣ΢΢һЦʲôΪҺҸʲôϵǲ֪ʲô飿
ˡ˼תô͸ֻǴŵķӦУ뵽ô࣬ɫͷԣŮעǻˮ
ôδ
ˡĿϸϸꡣеģʱ񾲵գеģȴǷż֮ʱʱʱЦûһ̰ģŭʱ絶ʱ࣬Ӳ֪Ůӿɫ㡣
Ҫǿˣѡ̽ոЩ£ҲпܶԱˡһŭȻò˺Ҳֻò
Ȼ֪ЩʲôȻĿؿʱԼǰ͸ģ͸޶˱ЩңȻԼ·磬ֻ΢΢ֱһִֻϥǣһֻ΢ȥȣϼʵı۰ͣĵط㲻ҽҲԲȥġ
ǹԽԽңѾ𣬿ȱʧˮ֣ˡһ˿ƣô˵
ģĺܿ졣߳ԳԵЦţָѭλãȦȻҸ˵ĻȻҲֻ֪һǿģ˭Ҫ
ŵЩ̺Ĵ΢΢ϣŨ֬壺ֻҪǿģҲԡ
ȻǿģҲֻġˡһԲز֣ȻģֲֻֻŻţ˵֤ǿġ
̧ۿ˿˿һЩֵ£Ϳܲܽ
ĵ֮˲һӲĿӣˡĿ䵭ǧַ࣬飬޷ֶΡ֪ûаģֻҪȻһ˺ڸǣ˵Ծŭ⡣
ˡʵҹ˵Ŀģ
ҲǣҲǣƫͷЦ£ͻأʲôϵҵˣ㡣
Ƕ£ϻ鲻˿йذһȥأ֦СԺѾ죬ϴμʱ˵Ҳھǣ֪ͻȻʧΪ£˱ʲôʡ
һʱ֮䣬Ҳڶ˿ãΨдˡ
ӦֺǿֻҪ˵֣еⶼӭж⡣
ˡһô˵һøлʶ
Ҳɡߵ͵Цţֻϣǰȥ
ˡͻȻЩѹסŭ⣬ûаģ͵߬סֵ֣ٸҷݹ飡
ءߵ͵͵˻һ̧ۿˮӯӯô³𣿡
ԼŪˣҲãҪסʲôˡɿ֣˵Ѿ㣬һơ
ḧ󣬴ǰ˿ãǺú˵
ܸоŭЩ²͸ʱΪʲôϹһţббˣԣʵʲô£
ڽУԽܵΪˣһʱصǣ̫ͻȻ̫ûͷԣֱ
ȻϢͻȻԶ룬ˡһգЩӦ޵Ľü΢΢𣬴ˡɵýǰЩΪʲôҪ㣿
ˡòԶһֻŴȹһ£һΪѾ˵ء
ˡʹ˫ĿֻСĽţɫ˫ɴЬӣңЬڴ¶һص׵Ĳ࣬ĽޡסףУ̼ǵûһϣ׵Χȡʱҵطʱȴ̹Ȼջ
粻ҰѱΣˡȻص֮ģƾעѱ֡
ˡ̧ۿ˵ʲô
ߴżֽ˵ңұ㲻 
ˡ΢ӣԭҲ˹
Ѱ׵ʵ۵ĻᣬһжڵһȻֹ  
߳һô˵Ҫ٣ȻӴˡ˵޶˱šֻǣΪʲôҪ֣ʲôͼ
зȴֻЦţֻֽţ㵽˭ô
֪ˡĺߵĽ࣬һ
룬ߵںӰУһ˫۾ȴţббŮӣ֪̫ܣɲǺ¡
ʾʵϣͲʲôŮӡˡһ㵹Ծ
ҴܹԾЦһĲʵģҴǲʣԺ֪ˡ
ԺԺָʲôԺ󣿴ˡͷһȣȴڴʱͻȻע⵽֡Ȼڣܿ˳ָʶصţʳָָȻֻʳָ
Ϧ֮ʱںߣҲһ˵ŻһߵָĩεػҹΣȻҲʱʶľٶʱһҲʲô
ֻҪƵģȻ
Ҫûˡ˵ûȤ֪
۲һһߣżֽ֣ˡǵ˵ûУҵ£㵽׹ܲܣ
ˡץסֻţһϣսԲϸĽףȥΣΣ 
һ΢΢̧ü̱ȴһЦܣҾͲҪһԸ
Ĵָ΢΢͹׹ϣϸϸĦˡⰵȥ
øƻŮӣ⻰էһƺòȻϸϸԭͽ˹νԸҲ޷ֻһջɺ޵ģǲ֮õΣֲֻᡣ
ɹ˿أȴֻһջ˱ΪãΪ˭
ˡҲܣִΣ
ǾûˡؽţƱҪѾᣬ֪ϧҲֻѰˡϲֹһˣпϹܵˡ
һϢһˡοסĽףԼߵͺһֻüץȥˡĿţѹסĺ󾱣ȵһգۼ䣬Ѿߣȵĺϣŭң

 27 

ĸǡڴʱ, һ, 첽˿ŵ, ǷŴˡһŭĵͺȡ
ˡʮ, ֪λȻᣬǸ, ϲŭɫ, 񷽲ǰԶŭģʮ
ŮӹȻͬС, ˷, ֻǣӵŭ, ²ܳܡ
ȴڴʱ, һ͵͵Ц
ҹɫžЦβ, ţ֯һ˶ͷס, Ȼ, æԺ˳
űһŮڶߵһ㣬˵˵ˡ
еĲ, Ȼһȴ˲ɵÿһƬԷ棬׷ʲô
ϣˡĿԣ֮ľ룬಻ָŭĺЦֻڴߣˡôȲϰңƾʲôҪʲô
˵ɣҲǲġ˶˼Ѳ⣬ͬڵߣһЩ󲻺ãֻ¾ٲ
ˡֻһĿܿ˳Ĳ£ϵ䣬ԼԼ¶һѩɫɫסӣȴڲסߣǰ¡ϸǻԲˡͷǵ⣬ͻȻ˻
ԭٺõĶޱɫ֮ǰǧٿסˡʶط˶˵ֶΣԸ̸
ôĵ׵İ̬ȼߵЦԽΪʲôҽΪʲôҾôãΪʲô׼ȥұˣ
еĻԽȣˡɫԽ䣬һԲֻǳؿȴĲ̺Ĵߣдˡǿķǡ
һ¸˲Ϣ鲼ˡһһ㣬͵ؽƿ˺ȴָ⣬һѽأԼŴһϣοסӯһյϸԼͺȵΪҲᶯ㣡
ò޷ǳ׼ᶯҲ֪ƾ׾ٱܴݻ
ǿģǵ£ľסơ߲ɫֻ̧üʣΣ
Ů֮Ĳģǵ⽣Ӱ˭ӳ˭ܣʤ֮ԽԽǿͼذҲˣ
Уέ֦ױ˺ѣռСӿˡĿȴһ㶨˺ѣҲԾƻѱ⣬Ϊ׽˿ı䡣
ҪģֻռУԽν֣ԽҪĸԸ£ֻΪɫ
ˡɿϵ֣뻳У˵ҹУ񱻹ڳǷ˾
һɻһ˿ϲ
ȻУɻǾеʵﶼͨҹŽ󿪣ôΪԭץ
ϲǣڸ𰸣Σ֮Уһ
ͨ˵ֻҪ˵һͻ˵ڶ
̧һʱѾԶһǰĵϣ̧ûйϵ
£ҵĵӣʢʱҪ޵ˣΪϴǦ«Ķޣֱ󣬲ͻȻ֪ѽżλ̽׵ʱȢӡ
ңʱ¶ֻؾǡһ꣬дδ£Ȼڷ绪¥ʱȴ˵ѾΪ٣žֶν飬ΪһССķ㱻ѺУơ
ˡĿ絶ɫڵ˲ȥüӯӯǲԾ¶ĵǡûģֻģ
һֱֻ֪ƿ֮ˡˡվ˵ҹΪֹ߰ɡ
½ǱסҰҪǶƽ
ˡ½ǣ˳ס֣֮΢ɬĴУ˼֣´˵
ͳ⣬š
īɫǰս΢ɳʶع硣
ӳŵ׵¹⣬ܿϴˡµָۣһ㺮⽥𣬱ɺ֪¡䵭ƣǿΣյˣԸֻȫˡ
ôһ̣ûӮĬĬվһֽ̧˽˿ת뿪
ƺһϾ䣬ȻûиκȷĴ𸴣ΣҪһĥ
ȷǸǿĶ֣ȵĺȷѶ飬ʼ̨οǵ
˾ϱ˲ݣֻҪסҪģȴҲǸߡ¹˭֣Ҫ
ӯĽŲʧԶˡ۾ںڰУֻ϶ϣϣ޴һԭһ𣬾
ĿģŻͶͱһ죬ҪĸԸ£Լȫϡ
һ磬һС̧ƽϰģ́ۿʱϵıʱ΢β΢΢һЦ˵ϲƽСòǰ;ض
ӵؿһֵۣöԹеĹ֪Ĳַ࣬ˡ
ЦֻҪϹȥͺãС㸣ƽصġ
ڱţ˼ѾƮԶˡˡ˵˹⻰Ǽٵģʲôݣ־ȻôѵҲйϵ
һȴһ֪С
һʱмϢʱ䣬ֶԲʱʵڹô꣬϶Ϥɣʲôأ
һе򣬶һģһֱ֣Ҳ򵥡
΢΢һЦҪСģɭϣòҪ˽۹ˡ
ߵͷֻ֣Щ棬ЩѹʵĹˣ˽˹ôӦñܼЩʲô
ˡȻ˵ԸԼЩѡ񣬿Ҵˡ˼ѲҲù⣬δϣһõĶ裬֮ˣȻס
ʢó꣬ܲ˼ޣŸһģһȻпܰ˻ʵ۵ۣпܣûĵתͷԸЩ
ֻ⣬ѹʹģ˽˹ʺǺ֮ۺʱҪ̷ʺ󣬾
ʺԪϵԭ䷢ޣ̫ӵĸճС㣬ͺԭͺҲ˵ôһź
лָ㣡
صԺʱױƣӳССһƬֽ㣬ֻ֣ʱ
û̧ͷû֪Ǵˡ
Ҫʱ
һ˺ֽƬΪԶǲء

 28 

©һϸ, ͣʱĿ̶, ˡϸɫȥ
û, ֪Ҫ, Ȼ
Ůˣίʵѱ˼㡣
ˡ, Ը
һ·, ˲Ϣ֮䣬ѿԺ̵ԺšˡӲԽǽ¹, ϳӰ, ӰӽһԽĵҹž
ˡֻǳ, һ߶ĳ, źʵľذ壬ԷĴ¡
Ǹҹڴ˴, Ӵ˼ס
  Ůˣȴˡ
ˡִ̽͸İؽʹҪǿƿ, ȴͻȻ, ԭǿŵġ
ԭڵˡ𴰸񣬳
꣬ߵӲ, һ㵭׵¹⣬΢΢˺촽һƣѾߡ
Ϊʲôȥңˡ˵
Ҫȥ㣿ͷһ޹һΪ˼Ҫҡ
ˡضʣ˵ѣ֪Ҫȥ̽粻ʲô
ƿЩֻ㿪
ͼȹ߬˫ֳס̨һԾѾ˰̵Ĵ̧һЦ´Լң͸˵øЩ
ˡûж㿪վԭأһԲؿСͷ̽ӡĽǶȿȥǲӯһյϸжƵģһ˼ĻȣԽĳǰıߵѡ
ˡⲻȥҹǰѻȼ
߷ȹգסЬ˫㣬ͳ⣬һԾѾվڴˡǰ
ʲô£ ΢°ͿҹŮǡ
ˡƳһۣת뿪
ߺܿ׷ᳶס䣺ôˣ
ˡ²ͣ˵֪ĺ
ˡ߼ǰ˿û˵㵹ҡ
ңˮƣḧԭҲҵģһŮҹȥ˵ĵ
øƻŮӣ˵Ҳ̹ȻĻԽԽңˡ֣ԭҪȥ㰢ȻŪˣǾ͵´ΰɡ
̧ߣеĽһææĸ첲ٿʱѾģˡŪˣһغòãż´Ρ
¹֮£Ů󣬱ʯĳˣҲʸҪһС
ˡֻǰȥȻҹƣ͸֪Υĺ
ˡֽһȴû׷
ˡ߳ȴڴʱ͵͵
ˡüˣתͼվԭأɫԲļͷ΢΢ڿƺǲѻͷߴķ϶¶һ˫ʪӣίһۣѾ˴ôǲģ
ˡһʱЩˡ欣ΨСŮ
٣֪Ǽ٣ǵϧ֮ģȴɿطѿ
ˡûߣֻվˣĬؿߺܿͣ˿׷һЦôھȥ
ξӨ͸մŨܵĳëϣ¹һգģˮͲˮǰһУһһЦͶ㣬ǾƺõģҪȦס
ˡ˵´ϷʱҪô١
˿Σá
˵ʱѾԺǽǰˡһԾϣͷҪγȴӻһӣǽͷŰŵǽ⣬ȴֲݣֻȹӯ£һЦıߣ
Ұδѱˡ֮Ծ£ֻܸţʵģҪʡ
ǰ߸ĬĬһҲһʼʹȥҲֻΪ˳ͷŹô˵Զ֪ˣһΣӮˡ
ڻòҲ䡣
οϾܼΣ㡣
֣һ̲иĸоšƣȴ񫡣΢΢һЦ첽ϴˡãֻܸ㡣
ƽĸǽ֮⣬ˡͷ˿ߡ
ûи׼ΣҲ
ȻһץףһסӯһԾѾ˰ϡ
ˡü΢žͼЦ˵ԭ¿Ҳ̫ࡣ
ˡƥĲЦ档ˡȻҲֻʮ꣬ǸСء
ڴʱһοضСǡ׾ʲôͣȴ˸Ѳ
ˡΪԼͻȻ˼΢һ£˵ѲҲҲʱҲͬز²
ʱǰ󣬴ˡͷ
סǸò룬ɿֱԥһ£űû뿪ȴڴʱͻȻץסˡ
ˡվǰֻų룬䵭
룬һԾ£ʱܲ룬һƥܾһߡ
ԭҲǲϧȻһЦ˵л
ʶʱ˵ֻ֣ĵġˡƤֻǰȥ
߽Ұ
ˡ𣬿첽ԶһլϢӰһǽԾ񣺡ӣƽѾȫסϵȻ
ˡͷߣԴˡ
߳һֺÿ죬ֱңȻߡʵҿԴ߰
ѵΪЩһֻ֪ҪЮˡ΢ӵ㡣
˻ץˣ˵練ƣӲҪҪЮֶΡ
ߺܿû˵ڵ˼ôǿҪʲôֶΣҲֻһ֮䡣
˲Ϣ֮Уö⡣ᳶ䣬ˡҰʱϣòã
Ƶ£ʱ߰Ҳû׵ĵطãܺ͹γҲ׷Ź£οﻹУҪֳӦѹ˵ȫˡòмڶֶΣǿȷİȫ
һڣˡĴ㣬˵ֻҾˡ
ڶһ£ƽȥץһָҡҡˡϰòã
ִֻű룬סָϸϸĦһǰδе飬ɬɬģģŪҲ
ǵİٴڣˡĿҲɰ׵ļ¹ⶼվסһ˫ʪڵͫӳͦεΡ
ȥ̺Ĵ롣
ҹҲˡ
ˡĺһ֮ˣҲû㣬ôǿҵҪһŮˡֻҪͣУҪͣϡҪˣҪģҪΪ٣Ӵֻ֮С
ˡֿס֣¹½޵ĺ촽ƣΣ׼ʲô

 29 

ҹ, ߶ǰϸϸ鷢, ˡز׽һŵĻңܿ, ̧ȻһЦ, ݮĴҪʲô
ԭҲʲô¡ⷢȡ˴ˡ, Ĵֱָ, ͣԲĦţ㡣
ߴ, ׼κ׳Լ, Ǵˡ
ôˡһֻס°, ȵ̧ͷ, ң
ӭĿ⣬Ц˵ˡ, ֪ģֵøõļǮ
ǮʡˡĵǵʧˣЩ̽, վҲ۶ֶΣͷ, ֱüֱǷıĺ촽˵Լ, ʲôۣ
ĺڼϴϣѹȸлһֹ츴ӵ飬ոѹȥĻ˿˿ƷȻĵ׵Ľĸ죬̧üЦЦؿȻǼ۸߿ɵãҲҪԸԸ⡣
˵ʱ촽ϣˡܸоĴ꽫ҪģȻ˵Ļɶڵƹậںôʹ졣
ˡһ˦˵ףеɫֶΣһ޹ǹŵģȫСˡ֣ȥ·ϵӰ︺վţ˵ȥء
һ죬Ҫâȫָ˿
ǿҵѹȸٿʧһ˳شá
첽ǰȥԺſţضᡢʧȥ֪ǣΧǽվţֱʡ
ǰһϵſţһãȻлϲûżȽ
ϵ̧ͷƵ¶˻ϲЦݣ
߷ɿܵϵǰĸ첲´ʵû°ɣ
ͦõģǰӽ̫̫˴ҽǣҵߣ˵סţ˵Ӿʹȥ㡣ϵûŪô£ֻһߣĻϲͦһˣôûһ
ܻûƭȷ԰չмӡֻǣȴ
ϵؿ룬ѹô£˯ţͻȻҽһµ˶ŵˣһΪ˵ˡ 
˳Ŀ⿴룬ƺˣæתͷȥ˵̫̫йڣԸǣȥ
ϵһæʵô죿ǲǸһߣ
û£ңҶôֿ룬˵ȸߣҰٺˣ㡣
ϵˣææ˵ôУ˼ȻҪԸ㣬үһؼҰɣ
ߴһңϵһҪ£ڲߣš 
ϵɻؿ룬Ʊһ̵Ǿ·ЩҲҪ̫ţƽʱЩһʲôԾ뷨ܣҪҵĻȥϹңмŮʰģҸӸţ뷨Ӱ㡣
ĸоˡӦòϵҪЮȻܲȫűˣҪԼһ˲
ϵԽԽץסţ˵ڽǲǹòãؼҰɣҲԼҵĲѣаڣί
΢΢һЦˣôˣ
Ȼлȥ;Ҫһ⣡
ϵС֪ӣЩסˣС󣬰Ǹûõģﲻ㣬ϺȡǧСģֻҪúõġ
ô飬ʲôŽҡҡϵĸ첲ģҶٺˣ㡣
Ů˵һֱߴ٣طֱ߳ʱˡѾˣһǰ񣬵º׿֮ͽСظ
һסڽҵˣͷͦףʲôأ
صԺѾǺҹˣ߶ױƽɢ˷٣üͷдšʱͻȻģˡ¶ˣҪױǲ󷽱㣬ҲԺУдˡˡ
ԺˣʱͶµģ沢ûбдˡˣ˵ˡһʼͰ˶Ϊʲôʲôֵأ
˹עģһڶòν֣Ҳܿˡ̰ɫˣȻôƲϽң˽ŮݣȻҲῴôʲô
Žᣬͷڹӣɫ˫ݳᣵİβ¡ԣɫҪǣͻһģһ
˴ˡģɫǻ
֮ǰǲû̫Ӵɴˡȴ˵˹˰ţϷ˻ûбԭô
ѡֳ͢ѡɵۺԾˡҲҵۺľϣôֽܶŵĻڣֵ͢ĳѡ
߱۾˸Ȼܴ֣ͨ͢ˣ϶
ͻȻۣŵλҲմءǰʲôʱܾø졣
ʱ֣ͻȻһ󼱴ٵߴӳ˯оѣ·½á
硣һͷһֻƿ˴ôˣ
ԭǽӵϵʧٵϢʵģʱȴһͼ˯죬Դųʱκ죬ȥͬ  뿪ĺģ˵Ľϲˡ
ͷļŭʱһ룬ܰβŵϵˣ֪֪
֪ѽһЦ£ڣҽˡ
һû뵽Ȼô̹Ȼسˡǧ仰˵òŵ˵úչϵΪʲôң
ûΪҰҺܸлҲӦ֪ϴҲϲҪЮ
վ£ѹɻϵʲôӣÿζʤһ˭ڰ
ʧȥǣĳ룬ǵθദܳ̾һҪôһʼסҪôһֱͷҡڣʧģǵĸײ죬
䵽أҵĽ
ʱַָ֣˲裬еʵ֣ĹҲѡȥ𣿡
ЩǣЩǡֵ
λأ˵ŵˡ  
Ȼ֪ʵ˭ԭǲ˵ģȻ̫ǧһҪúý̵ԼֶŮദҲǸгģ˹ǰ;϶ЩЩϸ˵ҲԿ
ѹȻҲǣдţ˵˵ѡ㵥ǱױʼȥģЩǴԣСˣҪ棬Ҫ𡣡
ѡ֮Уô֮ģضŮҪ󣬵ûʵԼ֣Ǹ򵥵
ĪǴˡΪһɼǣָʲôɣ
ʣͻȻһ󼱴ٵĽŲžͼܴɫɷףñ͢ˣ

 30 

ںʱͱ, , ֻ͢ΪĸϹ, ֡
ܽѡĴѫ, ֲ͢ɮҲҪ棬˶ûȥ, ڴ֮ǰûй, ļ٣ֵ͢˼ǻʵ۵⣿ѵѾʧ˵ģ
Уγ˱, һԸС̹
ֹ֮, 㲡ˣЩһֱû´, ʱͻȻϢ, ʧ֮࣬ҪһôҲѹס
ǰȻԽܵΰŰɣָܻ߽,   ýһָǰľλܽһ·Ѿ׶ˣʲô˼ɣɱ, ʹʹر
γ˴, һźŴ£һ˵СģһͲ, ˵ѡϣҲãȻûôʹʰ
һϲæʵ̫̫̫ʰˣ
ðһҡγһЦʱȰϳ֣һ֣ҪҲǽ壡
æ׼ƣҲҲ̫̫ҪôǸһүҲܷ첻ɣ
һ仰˹γʵܶȥˣ
үȥϢˣ˵СαеŹֵ֡Ѿмˡ
γۺڵʯӣüͷ˵ȷʵЩŹ֣͢ôҲüٶȥûйֻ־ͱģ᲻б飿
ǸŹֵΣͻȻеľѵʵ˽ң͵ŮҪ
ڴʱֻߵ˵̫̫
ʱֻʣ˱𣬹γ첽ȥûûܵĶ
һ̤ʱſߣҲڣγһ£㲻ȥϢȥʲôʱģ
ܸŻΪߣæĸ׵ǣæŻˣĸףƲյĸϺЩֻ»ͷĸߣ̽̽УѾټչ常Ҫ˵ĸǸ
γͷãȻǶҪðһˡ
һָߣմϰֳµ֣ǽҲҪ˷׵Ķ
æǽãϸڲżǽģгĵõֳá
γ˼죬Ҳûʲô磬ֻ̫Ѩ˵ȥǸƸߣ
ܻûü˵˵ֻҲˣ̫̫Լҵ⼸Ҫ
ܳһγҲһʵʲôҵˣ
һһûӰвҵĵƵ˵Ȼ̫̫װİϸͬķӻڣ̫̫ȥ«˻ڣ֪ҲڣþͰˣǲãҾ͸ˣ˭Ūǵıӡ
֪ŪγҲ֣֮ǰȥ«ţγ±գǻͣͰ͸¶ңȻֻǸССľˣǶӶˣôܲңʱһȥƽѾӵĸ˴һ׳ӣǾаյĭӾˣγ㲻ҲûԸ
Ѿȵ˵γˣһһ˵˵ʲôٸ˵һ飡
˵̫̫ߵģҲǴ̫̫ﶪġЦ£Ŀת̫̫ǰôҾల£̫̫ҪΪѣǾûˣֻøʵô˵ô˵ƽô˵̫̫ðɡ
γǰһڣֻŭҺͷϳ壬ֱȥּסЦģ̫̫Ӳãôǲڱء
γʹһû֮£ѿ˵ﺦ뺦ңƴҪҲҪʰ㣡
εץȴһѵ˵׸ɱĸ֮ѹֹγôˣֻǣ⻰мֿţôһˣôܺˣ
ܼͷԣæǰȰ裬ͻȻһס֣
ϳ첽˽ؿŹγ㻹Ǵͷҵ̫̫㿴ģȻСˣĽͳù𣿡
γѾ˵æȰĸһˣºú
˵ʲôģǿŰҼӵ涼ˣ
һߣ̧˼֣ӱ£ҪٸҶ㺰ɱģĸʹȥǺԩȥҲǿչ˵ôкõģ
γŶãֱֻ죬ϰűһ仰úúãΪȻҪԸң
ڴʱѾͷӵү̫̫޹Ӵ˵
˶һˡӲ߶ŴʾҲ䵭ؾôʱˣ
žͷ˵үҼҹСȥ˵
˶һǼʱȻˡ˽飬붯ˡΧ
Цγ˵̫̫ôȹȥˡ
γ벻լﾹȻô˶ۿõȥʺͷŭһǰһڣεڽܻС
̤ʡիʱͼˡ鷿¶Χ壬ĽŲʱˡû̧ͷַֻһöӣҹҪ뾩
ԭˣֱֵӴȥϹˣɱúڰӣЦȥңΪ˸ҳɣл⡣
ˡ΢ӣˡֻ֪һҪ㡣
㾹Ȼû˵Ҹ߿ԼһöӷУЦܳ
ˡŷһöӣһȥһ££Լһ
⻰ô˵߸ַһöӣʵ
Ȼãɱ˵ı»еġˡַһöӣɺΧ֮ƣŰӾԵֻûжºֶѡ
һݣǽ涯ɱģµȷʵסһöڴˡǰ۲һỤңԲԣ
ˡû˵ֻĬĬΧһöӡ
ءһŰĦţŴˡ˵Ϊʲôҽ
ˡֻ˵Ҳϲ໰ˡ
᲻ң߼ƺ̽ʵұһ  
ˡ̧ͷʱѾĻ̫ˡ
񴦾ǲҪŭĺáһЦű˿ڣôˣ֮ǰҪȳɣ
ӡ½һֹ
ˡһۣ˵
ּ⣬ұˡ                        

 31 

Ŷּһ, ֮ƽլԺ, »𾪣Ҫæʰϸʲ, Ѱס, ʱ  
ΨʡիһƬˡܿҪ뾩, طļʲ, ԭҲ⣬ֱӷԸȫ١
ԼҪĶɻٵҲ, , ݳרᡣЦ˵˷ѣֵǮء
ˡ, ֻ㲻ȥʰ
ûʲôʰ, ûǮҲûʲôúءߵ
ԺֻЩ·, Ʊͳ̵붼ϵţʣµһֱţҲظŻȥʰ
ˡһö, ߵļŰӾΧ, һſߣղôôǮ
ڼǮˣǮ, ⡣ˡûᣬˡҪˣô죿
Ƿ˾Ѿ˷ųˡˡϴİӣ΢΢һӣգҲҶģ
߷Ȼ粻̽ʵûвǲǻŪĹ
ˡַһöӣ˵£ûȤ
ͣȻ֪ģֻǲϸˡﱻץżȻ񽭼Ҷ˾ʧȥ˽ʸһٳ£ô죿
߳һöվȥ
ֻ߳عһỊ̃ȹӾܣûֱ߳ˡץסˣ˳̰ںá
ȻһЦôʲôҰھˡ
ߵǰԲӨӣƾżһϰţ˵ˡԺ󣬻ס𣿡
ˡվڽԣһ㲻ؽһڻȥ䵭ɫԻͣռпɡ
ܵһпɵۣмˣ
߲飬ֻƲƲ죬ʵпɣǱôڣ
̧һĨոշźһ̶ʱҳһţ㸩̧ͷü֮䶼ˮЦ⣺Σûԭڻȥ
ˡ߹һöӷ»̣˵ִʲô⣿
ǱĿģЦ̵֣ȻȦףȻ̫棬·ףҪʱʱܻһģ飬ǡ
֪ģˡȴһԣеףÿһһԡ
ЦȻ⡣ˡҲҸұһȣ˭ڵĸ죿  
ˡַŻؼöӣΣΣ
ҿĻҾʹӦһ¡ֻаţұĻôӦһ¡
ĿģӦʲôˡ˵ԼҪƾеĶֲȤζ̫
̧üưʵô㲻ң
Ҳءˡܸģܸҵģ̫ࡣ
˻β۲һذס֣ˡҶԼأ
΢ɬļֱϣȵĸоĵһˡûŲֻĿʵô˵
ˣҹ㡣ͬеٶ࣬ˣȴġ
ˡسԼ֣۸߿ɵãѵԼĻ
滹һ䣬ҲҪԸ⡣ЦſˣĺϣǰĽ⣬ˡԸһء
Ȼʲôʱˣʩһ㡣
ȻǲĵģżһΣҲǲԡ
ͭɽ¯гˮϢɢˡ̧Ĩ̲о֣ȡһӣˣ޻ڡ
ã޻ڡЦϹǰ̣ǵãҪڵǰһģһء
ˡ΢һ̧üһۣȴû˵
ʼ߻ûڣѷһöӡ
ˡ΢ӣøŮӣ˲Ϣı˶Ҫ
һգ֮䣬϶ѾһƬӣˡϾؿһۣܿ죬Ҳ׼ȻӮ
ͿǲҪǸڷˡ
Ƭ֮󣬴ˡ֣ͣˡ
ͬʱҲˣ
ˡĿһϺڰݺᣬһģһĸ֣ȷȻӮˡ˵ˡ
ˡ˵ģҪڵøǰһģһء߱ĺ촽̣ɸǰĲһ
֪Ҫڡˡ΢ӡ
Ṇ̀ôһ仰֪Ҫʹթ
ˡһְסһ̣ɿؽ˼飬ͣʱǰһģһ̣Ѿֲ˴ˣֳܷĸڵģӮ
Գ֮ʮޣʡիеӶһģһΨֳܷĸĸܴҲܻʹթǰͽ͡
߶һҡҡͷǷֲĸڵģԭҲֹһ
̴ִľһöӣȻһЦӮ
ϣӭŴˡĿ⣬ЦݽΣڴ֮ǰһöӣϣΨҲ֪öӦںδ
ˡء΢Ŀϣôڣԭģܻöӡ
ԭթֹһ㡣䣬Ƭ֮취ҲѵáˡĿ֣ڰԸķ䣬ҲôС
ˡ˵ҪҴӦʲô
ǻ»Ǳ˭ڴ⣬ҪȷﰲȻߵ
ˡһֻϣĳŵ㾹Ҫôã
һ΢̻ŮϡǧټƵõĳŵ֪ͣȻΪԼ
ǰ߷ģˡӦôþôõİɣ
ˡסֵ֣˵ĳ̫Գ¡
𣿡߲ٵһתЦЦؿô˵
㲻һˡҲô㣬㰢ˡָǷ֣ĿֻΣ֮С
Ȼ֪ôʰ˰Ū̫ࡣ߼һȣת˵𣿡
ˡ°ͣȵתԣĿƵؿֱشۣϵɫԽԽŨ΢΢Ĵ¶һǳЦ⡣
ȻںߡףȻһΣȴǷģҲá
̧ͷˡ
߾öҲ⣬ֻǵ۾Ͽ
̧ͷˡظһ飬̧°͡
յСɵĶʹƤ϶һɫһڣһˡָ̧ȵգżԼҲ˵㺣ʵˣ
ߺذס̧֣ۿˡ㾹ȻҲЦ

 32 

ˡָļȵ, ϵκδɢȥ, ȻѾ̧˳ĿߺЦ, һΪ, ֮겻֪Цʲôء
ֻô̶һ˲Ѿ, һµ, ŮӵжƱ䣿ˡָƿһʱ˵źЩöЩֻ˵, ûϲŭֵʱ򡣡
ſ, Թȥʰ̣߸, һʰ, ϸ˵ˡﱻץǲǻŪĹ
Ҳûȥ顣ˡ, ҲҵİţֻӦ㻤ȫ, , һŲܡ
⣬ȻûסôһСȻֻҪﰲȻ, ģȷʵҲ̫⡣
߶ӣЦȻ˵ҾͲˣҪȥ
첽ߣȻˡ˵ǸŮˣԶ˭
ԶɻתͼˡӺУ˵òҪȥʱҲ֪㻹ʲôԸһġ
Զ˭Ϊʲôϴμ沢û֪˵Ҳȥ׷ʣֻã
̧תȻһЦˡһߣô磿
ˡûش𣬸ű˵Ҫô㰲ԺˣǴϢ
ԭ̽ˡ̧ۿʱҲЦţ˼ֵ٩Ŀϲˡ΢ӣأ硣
أ߿һת鶯ޱȡ  
ڴ̨һ軨뿴˾ͻȥ㡣ˡ
ߵͷ˵ãҼˡ
ԾҲߵȷµˣ˭أ
ʰ°ƱģҲ񣬳ݵ̫ãĸСѾͷƽʱźҲлױ˭أ 
ʡիǰ·վһˣԷ
Ȧֻۿдתһί˼ģΪʲôܽȥʡի
ô߽Ųӯش߹Ҫȥʴˡ
վסԷ̧ʲôʱʶĴˡ磿Ϊʲô˵ΪʲôҪȥ
˹ȥ̫̫͸ҹ˵Ц˵̸ϱɡԷ㣬һ£ˡˡ
ٻӦֻ첽ߣԷ˼вסǻί˲ʣɿʡիеˡ磬ˡ磡ѽлҪ˵
Ӧģֻгļž 
Էϲعƴȫţһһؽţˡ磬ˡ磡
ʡիУˡ˵̫
ԷţǽͻȻԾ룬˫򴦵·˲佫֮⣬˵СأþҼҹӡ
һ֣Է˼ˤڵأʲôҪˡ磡
Ӳ㡣뷴ȥſţһζסȥ·  
ԷôܸģŸȥҪţ类һˤȥԶֻ÷Ժǽ޸ͣôҲֹסġ
Էôˣ
ԶԶγȴϢǿ֧ŲԷԶǽڿޣʱ۵˼㣬æ߼ǰסԷôˣ˭ˣ
Էƽûܹίʧ֮Ҳ̲סﻰڹγޣ˵ˡ磬ϼң
γһеԼˣʵԷ㣬˵ʲô
ˡ粻ϼңԷ׽֪˵ãʱ̫ģҲ˲ֻ࣬ڿ˵ϼߣǲϼң
γǲţһָ̧ᣬһúӣʲô£Ҫˡ
ҡԷһʱƬ̺󣬹˵裬Ҳޱ磬Ҫ޴ˡ
ˣγһŭ֮ƿϵΨˡܼޣ
̫̫æסԷγȰģ˵㣬ñСˣȥ˵
γع°Էϵżŭ˵һȥﶪۣ
ԷȰţɼߣȴǲģҭ˵裬˭ޣǴޡ
죡γѹڳ£˭ż뷨ӣΨֻ˼ҪҰ
ԷûԼôǵʧ̱˾ԭǹ裬Ҳ˿⣡ϣ˭ûﲻˣƾʲôҪί
ǶԶˣŽȥ˵ӣˡ
ˡͷԾվֹ£
ûʲô£ֻǣ˵ոչ̫̫˵һ仰¾е֣˵ϵΨӾܼޡ
ˡ˵֪ˡ
Թֶȷʵ͸ŹŹ֣ЩЩ£Ҳֵöģ£˽ϵİӣҲֻҪġ
߳ŽһƬңƫţһӸ֦½ʱȻԺϵˣһϲæﵽţ̧ţе㣡
֨ѽһſˣɿȥ˵ôˣ
㣬ǷΪʲôץ㣿ߵ˵ǲǻŪ
ô֪ģĵ̾ӣѾˣԭȥ㰢ֻȥˣӣϽ߰ɣﲻȱ㣬ı˿
ҰѾ׵ˡס֣ѹǲǻΪ˱㣬ԲŴͨ˳Ƿ˾
ҲЩģҡͷȻҽȥ񣬻²û¶棬Ҳûи磬ҲԲ׼ӣ߰ɣݲһ˿
ݸһЦѡ²ˣҲ˾㣬ƽͷһҲûô˼ɡ
һȴ˵һװ׵ŮңҲ˿һȥɣ¾ǸСѾͷš
㣬ߵǲңԶ˭
סˣβŵô֪
Զ˭αץǲǸԶйأ֣У㣬֪ңҵģǵ֣㲻ǡ
ﳤ̾һݣؽź󣬵˵Զҵڳ¥ġˡ
£üͷһʱ֪ôӺ˵𡣵Զòڣһ֮ڣҪһأÿμȲҹҲ׽ֻҪһáϻ£ãˣʱûԶֱ¾Ѻ󷵾Զֳˡ
һŮӣüĳ֧ŻٲҪɧţÿεԶܻἰʱ֣ѵЩˣһĽȣȴʱԶ˵ǳɽկ͢ؽ͵ķס
ӣ㣬ûҸ㡣˵ʰԶԭһؼ֮󣬾ȥ㰢˭·Ƿ˾Ĳۡ
ԺͻȻһ󼱴ٵһţ

 33 

, һ, æ˵
ֻһѾ, ǻ¡ܸʱ, ﱻץѲϵ
Խˣ½ֵ￪, ҪҪ˵
һָԷ, ѹȥ㣬Ӧ
ѩɫ᣺ãһ, ƿ鴳, Ｑ˵£ҸѾ, ݵ
, קЦ˵, ޵֣˵Ͼܶϵģ
˦˵ж, Ҫٸʲô֣
, ˲֪㻹֪𣿡´Цס֣, ʼվֻһȢֻڸĸ֮Ҫһ˵ʲôģºͻݣ֪ǵ֮һֱ˵Ҫ㣬һֱš
úһŮ˼޸㣬ΪŮΪĸȴ˵ʲôһָţ£˽飬Ҹ޻˵ߣҲٿ㣡
евζ˼֣ôңΪ˵Զǿӣ
һȻ֪Զ
֮ҲһΪӡ
ӹʺԪֵͬܣλҾͳ죬ֿȵθʺǵа˷С檣ͯ澣Ȼûϸ˵УҲܲµضǸɫ֮ͽ
Ҳ鷳ˡ
氲һӣ䵭ͨ˳Ƿ˾ץԶȥģ
һûа͸¶Ƿ˾µ˵ת⣬һؼңҾͷŹ
ǣЦһؼңȻ֪ھңҵ
ȥ֣ࣺΪ㣬ǰǵɽ𺣣Ҳһüͷһ޷죬ֻжº֣ұһܣѾҺһεĵطİȥͨ죬ҲҲ㡣
ƲƲ죬ǺԶҼˣѻ˵ôûʡ
һǽ֮ҲЦ˵£ôȥˣ㿼ȡӹٽƺͷ棬ˣʼջǸͷ
㣡´ŭž飬ԲŴ㣬Ҫôʶôҷˣ
㡣Ƿ˾ĴҲû
һЦҲ㣬ֻʰǸҰˣǷοֶһʮ֣һõԶһ飬񼫡͢õķףɸõնŸʬɣ
˵ûУﵭ˵˵˾͹
ٸʱ俼ǣ˵ʱػ
ŲԶˣߴԷվһЦȻǻ¡
㣬ȥˣӦ취ǰס˵㲻Ҫż
ˡȻ֪ԶǾͿ϶а취ֻҪ˵ͺá
û£Ц֪£Ҳˣھж꣬Ҳϵü˵ϻˣŶ໨ЩǮˣ϶ܰѵԶŪ㣬ôãϽȥɣı˷֡
Ȱ˽ӣ𶯣߿۽յԺţ˽
˵ôɣ޷ǲģȻô׽𣿵Զǳ͢׽õշ˲֪ؾԼôᱻ죿
Ȼģֻ֪ĵذͺá
صƽʱ¶ҳһţæԲߣæŴϢҳ·ʰѾһ룬һæӭ˵үүΣС˾ȥһˡ
ߵͷȴҲżߣֻ¿˿ʵֻЩأ
һӶ͵ľλׯɻׯ͢ҲҪջأһӻ֪Ҫׯ߻ģ¼ͷżŻȥˣС١ʰ˵աںͷöľҲؼˡ
ǴˡˣʱӦ̽ΣǸװøͨһң뿪أ
߳ȥվȻĸдʱ߶һţÿ˶ǼŻŵģңҲǵ;ĩ·
̤ԺţγȵȻЩ͵լں;λ֮⣬ÿ궼һʲð½½ҲһǧĶһķҲнټ䣬Щ۵ʲôʱ͢ղȥԱӻҵ˲ķӣҸܶͰȥסмҼƼѵģһʱҲסģԱܶһȥ
ͣסŲЩȡ˵ǳҵͼﶼǲᱻûģֻû뵽һƢ꣬ƺûʲôĹγֽҪͷȻ侲׼
̫ɣ˹γԭ
ĴӲȥ̧һ֡ϣһЩе𳤶ڣܺͶĶӽһԷڽĨᣬһ߽
߱ﵽԱ£ʲôأ
˵ˡȥ˵£ʱһߺ棬һߴ͵ׯݶˣûطסкЩҲûطȥǶôˡ
˵һҲҪȥ
㣿γһЦǷ޸ҿͷ̤һ
˵Ŵ֣賤ɩ£οͻȻʣûĹǵʱۿγ鶼ŵ˳ܲǻʱһȺ˶ŽӿͷֺȻǲϷڿ˵γּʱ˹֣ǰóһŷ¸ˣ˵
ϸͬҲ常һֱ̫̫µĹλ뿴ⷿӲǽҵĲҵۣ常޹̫̫˵ף
ֽдףȻдֺۣ޻˵˱˹γߵʵ˭
ĵܰĵ
ĸ˿Ѿ޵ĸױ۸㻹˵ҪҪ
ӵصͷЦ£ûᣬ۾ȴźܰϸͬǽľҵĵطȴд۵֣ô£֪֪飿
ү̫̫Ѿͷͷ˵лӵá
һϲԶ֮⻹ǵһõģο̫ҵӵܣæ룡
лٿ첽߽۾ߣʱһЦݣص㣬㻹ðɣ

 34 

лһ仰˵, ӵĴʱ
ԾĪڽ, ԭΪлǳڹʽ⣬ڶ֮Űο, û뵽Ȼ, ҵ˭أ˳Ŀ⿴ȥȿŮһ, ﲻɵÿһ¡
лٿ첽ȥ, ˵Ŀⲻ׷ȥȥķǽļŮʱʱֽͷӶ
лٸղŵĻ˵ʮ׺, Īĸ˽֮, ûжףǵ, Ҫʱܸл, ǿϲ£
мʹŮ˱ζؿŹγγʶؾȷлҪҵߣԭƽ̬ʱ, Ǵˡл٣Ǹ˲岻, ȻǸŵһģһ
лԽԽ, ŵļŮӶʶģǺǻϲлӷʣھж, ǰʢ¾ۻ֮ʱҲԶԶлټֻۣûлϸ˾ǰͼ֥һ㣬ټü۶Ц⣬Խ˾ÿףʵ鴫
ԷΪˡγһ٣ԭĬĬᣬæ΢΢ӣ죬±лٷոտ޹һ߿ˣһߴлŵĸԹżǮʶ½ǣ糺죬һ˫ˮӯӯȴͣһл٣
Ψߣлٿڵʱ֪Լ˵ģֻɫӭ˵ͷ
ûټû뵽ȻˣҲ֪Ϊб£
лߵǰ۾Ůӣֻ΢ѡ˽Ѿȥˣ˵һ
½ȥĽҪְϱѵл˵ֵ߱͢£ȻϲȴҲ˱ҿˣֻѵǺķʱ䣬ҲѲ˵ұ˾Խߣѵ͵ųѰ
ֲЩ춼ûԭˡ΢΢Ц˵ϲ
Χ۵Ľ˶ʱ־ϲԭлԼҵŮӣ̫ˣл㣬лٵ游лͥǻʵ۵ҵʦ̫лɿȻˣȴǹɽԺɽڵӶڳҪְлִ̲Ǿйϵĺ֮㡣
Ҽڶʢ֮ʱлҶ̫ԶʱлңҲܷ
ЩûмߣʱĴݣ֪ıæŽ˵Ǹմһ֮Ůһʱͬϸ紵֣ǵͶ˵
лٽһжУöҲ⣬ֻЦ˵͵մӹģøŻȥҵĻȥŸֵص˵һȥҼӸҲС
ߵͷã֪ˡ  
лٻһܣ˵Ҷ֪ˣ£ʲôΪѵֻܴңҪҿ  
ǺһͷӶ˵ղŻֻǲ²Ļл⻰ǸǳһŶ裬źԵˣ
лҪģΪһƬġߵã£һ㡣
лٿЦôˡ
ת⣬ʱγ⣬˵߶ˣٻᡣ
аٸнȴǸȥ˵Ͷӡ
һߣжʱְ˵Ŀⶼϣʱֻ˵ֶŮǽѹ㷺Ǵˡ㣬лҹӣֲôɩͰ͵ؽѽҵǰָ̣ء
ǡڴʱתҵǰ̡֣вɵ÷ǸһģһͻȻװˣȻҲûнó裬ѵע¾עƾѾĻҲȲ
ž˵ҲϵãҲǽѹ㷺ˡ
æ̤У˵óһ£лҪ˵
Ϻͽ㶼һߺޣۿҪæǰߣúοһʶռһ𳤵ı֣Կ
Цû˵ܵлص㡭ʲôʱʶģ
֮ǰڻ԰ôˣ
һʱҲ˵ǻϲɬòŵллȻзлҵĽҲ˴ޣáȻǼõġ
ߵ͵һЦҼΪ˽ң
ûУܿЦҲʲôʱŽҡǰҴӦ㣬˹Ļ¾Լ񽭼Ұˣ˶һ˫۾Ǹ߲ɵͲ͵ģ֮ѰлٲרãñضǼ俴أܡ˵ҲǸùޡڴˡ
ʶѹ˵ҲǸ׵á
ߵͷã֪ˡ
ûл̸ۼ޵ͼֻҪջϲһˡڴˡþһ棬Զµü
صԺʱ̨Ϸһ軨߸ߵԺǽԾ£񣺡СʲôԸ
û湻ģһֱڶԺϢߵĻҲֻոԳ
ߵҪӡ
ûڣӻ»̸֪
Ǿõ̽ᡣߵͷ˵ˣҴϢ
ھ͵ſϢôˡ
ǽԺˡھ֮Уʹ˫Ŀõϸϸһ飬ڴʱſˡ
ˡ˹񣬵ʦ
һ뷢׵ߣʱ¶һ˿Ц⣬˵ضɡ
ǡˡӦţڶϯ֮Ÿϯϣɫ
ߵ֮Умְգ
֡ˡ˵Ѱв˽һ̰꣬ī漰ĹԱĿѾգҲߣ׶ϵڶʹط̰īֿ˽ո˰֤ȷ䣬ֻʱһЩ˾
ߵɫԽºͣҲʮþȣΪ˵ְֻգ
סЩ˲ѣ彭ϹٳҲѣѵ׷߿ȥ򣬽طֻӥȮܽʼղܳˡֻǣܲ˿ط죬ֻ֡
ߵ֪ΪҪȥ
һҶһˣû󵳣û壬Ȼƫ˽ҾˡһЦңԴҪҪһȥ
¶ಡ̫ᡣĿԶˡ㲢Ƕһˣ˾š

 35 

ˡصʡիʱ, Ѿҹʱ, ҹһƶǰǳƵĹճֵ, ̧ͷһЦ, ôôŻܾá
ˡƬ̻㱣, ˵, ̫Ůӵȴҹɣ˼֣Щ顣
Щºǵ, ϷҽšЦƳ, ֻվ⣬Сʱ, Ŷˡ
ˡ˳ĿҲƳһ, ԺΣƫҡ
л٣ҲûĴ, æӦǡ
ˡᲽߣ߱˵̤ȥ, 㼸ʱߣ
һ뾩ˡĲӲͷЩ, ŵھ, £Ͱ˵֪ͨᾡ硣
á̧һˡлˡ
㣿ˡ鷿£ʲô£
߸Žϣֵ̨ϵİ򣬵˵ȥ˽˵ҪµĻ˸žͺá
ˡɫ䵭˵ʲô˼
ûʲô˼Ϲ£ббؿαЦߣЩ¸㣬㡣
ˡޱؿ߱㱣ǰƣЦӯӯӣãˡ
վûߵǰˡһӱ˹ȥֻ˵Ȼңӽûҵ
ǿɲɣߵֳǰ֧ӣЦ˵һҪء
ͷȻżˣˡһѽУżŭ˵ûҷ˭Ȣ㣿
ñȢѵȢҲֻ˭֪
㲻Ҫ֪ˡĸ첲ȦĿӣ̺Ĵϣһᰲú㡣
ˡ߿ܵĽëһ£Ʈ֦񣬴ûʹԸԸ⡣
ˡѹͣ촽Ϸ䵭Ȼң͸֪Ƣԡ
Ҳ֪Ҳ˳ܵӡߵֵ˵
ʳָĴϣҪƿȻ΢ɬļŴĸоˡʶſ죬סǸָ
˶סˣ𾪺ܿȥֻһȣҪֻȴˡץס֣¶ģǴ΢ϢĴʳָȥͣĴһǡ
ߵͺһֻë׶ſˣ˵Ǿȣ񣬻ǲ֪롣
֪ΣգǴԼܸĴۡ񣬸߻Ǹ
һ˲ͻȻӲˣˡĿܣȻⷭӿ׼ͣ֡ȻȻջ͸֪ԼҪʲôۡ
߲ͣĴ˫˫ͻȻ˵ĺҾƣһһϣ޶˿־塣 
ƿתҪӣһϢһˡ´קУ漴һ湿ֱ̧Ѱĺ촽Ųɵռѹ
ʯ֮䣬߷һֻ֣ɿصϣ̧üˡû̸ãδ̫ļˡ
ֻǵסģȻĻȴܡˡĵжʱס󣬵ʵҪʲô
ҲùŮˡƿ½£Ҫң͵Ȣҡ
һ֣ݣޡˡҲ£䵭ɫ
˼תʵΪұ˾
͸˼˲֪˹ںδˡ֪̽ݣȴǴ㲻Ҳˡ
ǳǳһЦҡҡͷڴǰҾŮ䲻ô
⻰Ѿܻشˣٴ͸¶̫ࡣˡ˵㻹ʲô
ȻһЦվҲùŮˣҲ檣ۿ̸£ǾͲ̸˰ɡ
̧ߣˡıӰ
ûгҲûͣһ߳鷿߳ʡիʧҹɫС
вŵŮˡͻȻ֮
λ߻ޣϲҪǵأ㲻ҪǵءʵңȢŮǰ·ѣҲҪһĸһ֮ӣ䣬ƿأҲʺϵѡ
Ȼûһ־ڱصá
ɽȻѵãˣ˳ģȻȨкã
ˡһ˲ö⣬첽ߵߵǰƿ˴ȡ
ҹϰϰ죬ȥϣܻʵ۵Ŀ飬֮ʱݴ֮ʱ
ǰ·ԭǼѣʵԭڲ¼ɣûҲ޷ϼְˣҲҪ̱ˣȻҪ޵֣Ǿ͸
߳Ժţ˵Ժȥ 
OO@@һ죬ԼǴˡ׷ˣ΢΢һЦתͷȴһˡ
ǴˡԼֻǲ֪ĳݴԶѡ
ü޶ЩʧȻû׷Լ̸£ˡ
ҲǷޣҲǷǵһ޵֣ϸôУҲзҪ£ֻ¸ˡ
Ǻã
ҹɫתǷ˾ΰٲ֮ǽʮĺ½һͷĺŮ˵ͷ𣿡
Ůժ飬üĿ续˵ҳʱ˴绹ͷ
ãȥȴΪͷһ˵
ҪӲＱǷ˾˰أֻȡͷ̳ҪԼҲȥ
½뿪ǽ̽ͷȥͼڴӰһһŵͻȻʧٳʱѾ˵Զ£ԶԶ˸ơ
˳ȥˡ첽ȥԽý˵СȴڴʱȻεķСһæʧˣ±һƬš
޶˾Ϳƺԡ
·ȥܳβӰ߳һˣ˵ǱεķѾ㻹Σ
¡һķƽ˵㲻˵֮ҵĻػ𣿡
Ҳǰͳ޵֣ѵһࣿ
ѵԶ˵ˣʵ
ûСѾߵǰһ˫Ŀ֮ԽȫڣΪظԼ֮ڣҾ͸¶Զݡˣ
ݸһЦÿ֣ǻʱ𣿺֦Ҹػ

 36 

Һæһ, ˵ڶʱ, Ҳ˶Ľ֣ƽͷĻҡլڹγָ¿ʼ£ϸ, Ǽ, ԺڽܵİæŹ£Ŀϵ, Ҳ°ŵ˼ʲ, ©ĳﲻһǱ͡
߻ظ, ԺеĶͲ, ܿͽõʰ룬ʰѺǱ, ðʰͼҾ, ŴȥۼӣңĹˣ̨Ϸһ軨
ĺܿ, ԺǽңңʵСʲôԸ
Ժдʱֻа, ˵һֱڸţ˼ʵôˣ
ҹŵԶ, ˻µ
һæʵû£
û£Զȫɥ, СģӼȻӦС㣬϶ȷİȫ
һңǰõԶܻͷԶǷǾȲɵģ̫֣ЩȨƵĹŮܽģȻӣ־ִС
ôֻǻȫ
ʶʵأ
ҹʡիеƻͨˡƬ̲ۣһֱ鷿вľᣬ滮ִź׿ţ˽²²ӵ쳣ζ߼һйϵЩȴ˵ֻһȥˡ
ֳȥˣЩ쵹ǺæΪʲô£ʵʲôʱ
ӵ٣ĴӲҹʡ
ߴҹ̸ûҲûдƺǱˣȻ´ƺֺʹǰһҪѰ
ӻ˵
ֻһȣһʱûдˡϢߵȲãæȥ֦ȻСԺҲţ
ҹĻĺϣʡիƫһ֧ҡҡŵĵˣûлѾá
ʱվҲˣҪ£Ұɡ
߳ʡի³һ
˵ζǲ
ӽڣ߰ķ´ûͣȻҲûԿȻһţǰ´ʱʲô
ȨƣǸöϧûС
ߵ͵͵ЦһЦһҡͷɲء
ˣˡѲˣ󼺡
ҲǴˡ̫ǿʱȻڲ֪䣬ϰѰ˵ףҲֻˣһӶҪ£ôһӶҪ
ο޵λöҲˣֵøõļ룬ǿˡ
΢΢ۣѡĵϣôĻʲôֶûʵױʼأ
ʮ֣ˡһǹҴҸϻ̤ţ˵ӣС˰ʱ쵽ʱߡ
ˡ΢٣ʵʲô£
С㲢û˵СʱµĻȥ
ҹһ仰һ˵ڼˡ۷첽ȥ
ԺĲģǽ룬Űʯ·̤ľУĴǰ̧һƣȴûϴһţ˻ȴûе
ȻˣҪ˲СˡɣָߵĴ
ҹ֮УȻֻἸ죬Ҳʮֻ˳ٳٲӦ˯ˡˡƬ̣ӦŤϲ˨ӣߡ
һλ֣ȻϤ·ѻٱǧ顣
Ϥٴηӿˡǰһһλߡ
ã͵͵Ӧһ
ɬͣ˯⣬ˡڶĳԽﲻ˵飺ҡ
Ǳֵ͵͵Ӧһȴû
Сˡϴʱһ·ߣǵԽڱӿ಻ס΢΢̧š
ûߴ˸Ƿ˵
ˡһȣȻڵ
ȥǰˡƿ̵飬ȥʱ䶼ûѾߣǱ򷢳ȥˣҹйŮѾҡ
һ˿һƣѸٱ鲼֫ٺˡ첽ߵǰĻһߴǳɫɴ̽ƣôˣô
ڰУˡֻӰӰ´µŨܵͷڼϣڼձߣϸŮڼžһͬλã˿ϲɰ
ˡڴ£ֽ̧ɢҵķ˿˼֣㲻һֱڵ𣿡
ߵ͵͵ЦʵȥĶˣ
ˡֿһЩĻķ϶ס֣ϸϸĦţ˵ȥ¡
ҹҲô˵ģڵķܣ͸¶ʵ١˲ʲôӲϽĿ
һΣˣǱա
߳ͻµ£ΪʲôЩң
ӿ˲ȴˡһŭβ˵ôϹ͸˵
̣ô˴ν֮УԽҪһʧУڻʵϿɣָݡΪһ仰ҹһҲۣµǰļƻȫһ飬ĻϲĹȴֻб˱¡
ô˵ô££ͷߴ˵Ц⣬Ȣ֮ǲû̸ףȴǴӦҵģòҪڰɣ
㻹ǣȫĸΡˡվ䵭˼㣬ɷģҼȻӦ㣬ضܱס
Ǿ͵ʱ˵
תҪߣȴס½ǣˡһ𣿡
ôˡתֻʵ
ҾͲȥˡ˸Ƿֻʱһû𴲡  
ˡͻȻŭ˴ʲô
ͻȻŭѹƵУҪңãҸ㣬ôڣҲøһ㱣֤
ʶȥȻطš˫ֶֻۣš󣬸Źˣ˫˼ĺĺ촽ȥ
ؼֻʣ˴ǿѹȸУס·ȴϷſھŹֻʣ·ŭҧȥ
һۣⳢ΢̵ѪζˡŭʢһֻֿסԺȵòȴҲϸϸŤţƴҪ
ǿǰʯ󺣡ˡȡŴϵۣŭ⽻һԽ̹ġ
ŰţҪ¸ǳأȴһۣһֻˣ̶̵ָ׻
ˡ㿪ȥץ֣һֻҲûֻץ
֪Լ޷ԿҪߣƲõģץơ
ˡԽŭץֻ߬һ߸߾ٹͷȴֻߣһ¶ȸˡɫһøݶŮӣȻ
һֻ߬סֻţסͷײͬŭСޣôҲ
ٵĺֻߣŭڽӣˡѹסҵķҧĴȻǲ̣ſ˵һס
ûеȵĻش𣬴ˡվ̧뿪
ߴŭôҲѹס͵ץݺ˹ȥ
ˡһֽסˣַϣ˵Ҫǰ˶ˣǲ£Ĩ
ˤеĲŭͬ˳ɢ½ȻһЦǸ߹ԼˡҿɴûдӦ㡣
ˡ͵ͣסţЦһ˭л٣룡
лҪ˵ˡ׵׵ˣ
ˡҧ˱ҧˣ
ˡôˣǸ⡭

 37 

ҹż, ˵ĺɱ, 첽߻Ӹµض, һһ˵, , ˭Ҳޣ
һֻ£, ںڰп͵һЦ
Ů֮䣬Ȼ˭ȳס, ˭·硣¿, ˡ
νν޵, ̽еķ, ȻԥûҪοǿǸ, ʼնڹ
лֶΣֺγﲻֺγԼţ
ҡҡͷ, ˵ҵ, ˵㡣
ˡ㾡ԡ
ѽͷЦЦؿôҾԡ
ƾͨ, ҲԹܲʵۡ
ŭܿȥˡƽ飬˵㵽ס
á߾£ߵʱҴţҲҪغá
˵ܿ೤ˡ΢Ĺпѵгվ߳ȥţֹ˴
ߵԺʱ⻺һŮ֮ģִִףȷ󷢣⶯ҡߣһơ˵ףվǱص̫֮ʢ
ûʲôԸ̸ȻֻƾԼ˩֮£ʴǶҩմá
ˡ´ϵĺף첽˳ȥֻȹɻȢӣҩƱҪȥ
ʱ̧֣ۿʱɴѾһƬ͸Ҳ֪ˡʱûУ
촽ͻȻջҲȣͻȻǾ䡰Ҳᶯ㡱һԽ
ˣǼƿأÿνڵߣвֻ͵ľԼ
潥޵һ죬оҪߵļʲǰߣҲȥ߹ĵطס죬ҲԼһ졣  
ױ̨ǰͷʱʰϣʵͷô
ĵһҹ֣ʶ˴ʱӦѾ˰ɣҲ֪δϵˣ
ʱǰ󣬼ŽҵʻҾһϣģŮ̾Ҳ۾ʪʪû˵ĳӲһᶼûУ
͵һЦһӣ˵ᵽﶼܸĸһҸ˻ʲôÿء
̾һƵ˵ҴʮͷҾҲͷסʮ꣬û뵽ϻҪȥ
οϵ˵ĺܣ˭˵Ǿͻزأ
ڴʱǰĳͻȻγĳԷʵĿüĸûз֣⼸̫̫Էˣ
㻹֪ɣһԷܶҪ޴ˡûչ˵
էȻˡ֣һ£ת˵ˡøܽһˡ
ʲôԷǲŽе˰˱ӵùϵǸģһ֪ҰѾͷչ˵ĳñС㻹óԺúźţ޳ϴţƫ޿ģ˭Ƶģúܣ
ĸ˵ʹ죡߶ת˻ͷ̫̫˵һ仰˵ﺦô£
ü˰ҡҡͷ⻰Ӻ˵𣿹˼̫̫Ҽǵǵ˼֢ͬһûģʲôϵ
һܾʲôһʱȴ벻ʵʲôʱ£
ܶʱ򡣡ϻ˵˵һǲ٣ү̫̫ǰûģ˼һӾͰˣչ˵͸ģһ궼´
ʯ֮䣬ѿ˵Ҹ绹ԷͬһģϺү̫̫үͬһûģôôɣ
ϳһ˵ǰûͷ룬ôһ˵Щ֡
ϸͬԺд£ֱץʲôææ׷ʡ
ˡϵɫһײ˹ײģɱѳչ˵һӷΪܶܰҲһֱͬ
˶һۣ˵һ仰ͬһꡣ
ﰲߴĿãʵۼﻹʲôˣ
ĻڣڶѺ͹ײĻϼңһֱûϵüͷšһҲϺͿˣôЩ꾹Ȼû뵽ͷ
Ҳ֪ЩʲôԶˡ˵ĸǵô
ôãҵһʮǰļ֤ˣҲҵܰϵžӭж⡣
ҹӣ뷨Ӱˡ˼˵չ˵ĸӿ϶֪ô˿ǵźá
һֱĶʱ̧Ƽȥ֦Ĳæ˵ĸȥǱһˣгӹȥòã
Ҫͬһûȥ̽ĶϻȻ򣬰һ˵Ҿ˵ö˶˵طҪһȻûģ
ĸ첲ŤƵֻŤŽ˵ĸĸͰһغòã
һʼֻ໥ãôЩദҲ˼ġȣ˵ˬҲǸģƢͶ˴ԭͱͨͶԵ߲¶ţӦŮֻҪһܻæ
ϱûӣǺǺЦǸծ
˽ֻܹ˵Ҫȥ֦Ǳ㶫ŷԸǱߣû֦ڣͻȻһЦ£žͼһֻɫ׿˷ɿ˹ȥȻ߻һ۾ϳˣǻ¡
ߵͷԷ¿ԼȴףˡװӦ˻µû·ȻٰڳΪ͢Աڳĳ£µɴñǱסˡ
ֻǣ֮±ضǲݣԶݿ϶ᱻƣһԼҲΪ±ĶӲֻͼһʱʹˣôô
ʲô£컯յģҵܣ
δ䣬ͼһʮꡢǰȥպģʮӰУԭڿֵƺܾˣ˸⣬˾ߵǰҲֻţ￪ţ
ӡһѰţ˵ǵøϽߣǳɫж鷳ˡ
ӷɿ뿪֦һĳԼҵĺ·ǹΪ˾ȵԶҪӦˡ
˵ҪʱԽеһжѺԼҪĶҪǵԶȥģԼ
ʱ󣬽ҵĳһͣ£æж٣߿첽߽ԼֵСԺſڴ̨ϴҴдһţ̨Ϸһ軨
ҹȻɢԴˡĽȻڳ룬öһѣ
ʱȻ֣ʵСʲôԸ
зš߰۳ɷʤĺݹȥӣ˵ҼĻػ
ҹ֮ʱƧׯ԰Уʮ۶ֱţڶǰͣס
һ»ģüסϰֻܿӲǴˡȥլеȺʱæǰ˫ַһϸϸ«έܣ˵ӣһǰӵзɸ봫顣
ˡӹ߲߱ʱһź۳ɵķʤȻûݣȴ֪ܵߡ
޶˱㻶ϲƣľһɨգȥǸʤǷʤ۵þɣˡһʱЩŮҵСĳһӣæͣסŲزǼĵ壬Ȼ
ֻǣŵݲϲҪӹоȳ͵Զ
ʧ٣ˡһ˿âһš
ΪԤ뾩Ƴһ죬첻òƥһ·ɱ·Ϊǰ쿪ʼһҲۣҹһŹʵȴǱˡ
øûĸεŮˣͷβ޷ֻá
һƣˡ̧ߣ˳ֱȥ˺ţֻǸ˺һȴָ⣬׻ǽźۺˣǰ´
˵ŲϵҲˣϾ֣һ糾ŮӣȻֵϣרΪдšԱ˵ǺõúܣΨĵ˼㡪һĶø
̤õԷʱˡɫѾ䵽˼㣬ѣϴڴϣ죬ԭ̾˯ģȴôҲ˯ţ۾ţ׷ңһҲ
ǰһʱϦ£˾ƺЦĿ۲һʱҹϥϣ⶯ҡһʱĨʱνģܣɫɫ󶼱ҹУȽɬʱַŭĹо
ˡʶ´Ѿˣϵ˿ںõÿ죬Ѿû˺ۼȻǸоȴ̽˹ֻˡ
Ǹʱ򣬲ʵҲƵ˼ġ
ˡͻȻе׿ƣñī
ܿˡҴдһ֣ۺ˽׿룬ˡ
˵ģΪѾһΥԼԭʵݵ˼㡣
ȻǿҵҪõѳִŭҲգҲգܲܶ޶ԡ
ˡϨ˵ƣŴ𽥰£̫أԺȢ
ֻǣȻǸֵһĲݰ˼ͺͻʺԪȴĻϺ꣬˴ν֮УҪΪ⵹ﱸڴʱóȻ֣һǷ˿ֻӰҪӰ֡
ٵȵȣȽߴ׵̾е˶֡
ޣ͵ðĲȻ᲻ܹȻǵһҲȫ
յˡʱѾǵڶ̼ȼپչݵϢȴ˸˲ֻš
˵һ£²ܻؾܵȵãȴȲá
˳˺ż㣬ˡ˲󼺣ԼķӸá
żҰãƣһҹʱ˯ȥӰԺĶͻȻˣմӦȥˮ˵С㣬ۼӣûˡ
ߵôãҪݲԵģɤЩݲá
֮ǰμۼӣңĵôʰү˸Сȥˡ
ȥȡ߷Ը
ûȴָĿ˵ˣȥһ˰ɣôˣٴȥʡ
ӯĽŲͼõسԺǱȥˡ
һķӶݣԭƽܼĶ࣬벻ǰһŶңֻԶԶţۿ̧ţ磡
ܺܿţδεľϲôˣ
æס˵ۼӣҳˣҪ㣬ҪˮĻ͸ݵɡ
͸Ūܷɿ˵߽ݣԵƬ̡
߷ţ⣬ӳĲӰܺܿڶ£Ȼܰţ벻ÿֻ̫ţ˵ʲôȴһҲˡ 
һ֮ڣҡҡӳܻϲݡԭΪǰѾû뵽Ȼϲ⡣
磬һۼӣеضˮ͵ڶҪ
סˣҺģһЩξһǰ׷ã񲻸һ㣬ʵ˵ʲô
ҪӲ֣Խˣѡ㣬ûбķӣ
Ȼûʵױʼ֣ôʵۣضԼ㣬ֻҪлʵۣлҵ㣬߹·Ҳһ顣
ؿһ仰Ҳ˵ЩΪ³裬ֱϡΪѾı䣬Ȼȴʱ˳
Ȼֻ赭дôһ˵ȴƶˣ϶ܽЩעᷢ£춨˭Ҳı䲻ˡ
߳ٳٵȲĻش𣬱һӣЦʵ磿
ѹʶʵΪʲôͻȻҪ
˭أ߷ӣЦ죬Ȩƣгдлʵ۳ٲٵȥ˭
٣ȥˡ
һѹû˭ô˵Թ˵ףÿϵ޲ְװˡʵǲǻڹң
ģҺôҲսˮٵ޵Ц⣬ֻҪܹ̫̫Ǿͻһˡ
ܣ㲻顣ȻôҲƣͣƶ˵ӣӸµظЩˡ
һɳ죬ȴδص档ôþܾܴڻ㱺;е˵ǣյѶָˣӹУԴ
ô˵ûзˣʵ
ȥҲԶڹһһ٣˵˳ٹ죬Ҫȥĺɽԡ
ЩĿˣʱʵֻżʱգδزǴĻǵ
ĺɽ΢΢̧üһЦҴǰȥɽһֲҩֵǮ
ˣҲԭڲҩʱ˻ʵۡܿ˵ʱԳԲﶼϣȥ뷨ӡ
ôܻС·ġЦǰȥҩʱ򣬾֪һС·׼֪磬ҴʵʲôʱĺɽȥЩط
ãҾȥ졣ܳ˵á
ߣȴֲ֪˵ʲôȴҲֻЦ΢΢ؿһԲ
ĩˣ˵ϵ飬ҶԲס㡣øǰԶֻЩ֣Ҫĸס
˵ֻҪܹ̫̫Ǿͻһˡվɫ̫Щ˯ɣҸˡ
첽߳ããҹɫȻһЦˡߴԼﶢܿҪˡ

 38 

, ܴҴҴϻ, ͷһȥԺ˺˵պȥĺɽй
ô죿ȻһЦ, á
ֻҪ⼸, ʱˡǲ˳Ҳϲ
ֵǱȥ, ֪Ĳ, ã𣿡
ˡЦʱҸڴҹȥС
ܿ, 磺ȥҲһܼ, пܻᱻӵӵץײ, һ²桭
Ҫð, ȻʲôȤζһۣת, ²õ֪Ҫ̫̫Ҳ֦
ǰε, ܶ, ضĻǸΣƶνܻἫ
ܹȻ̾˿Ҳô, ĸסֻãʵ̫ίˡ
δ䣬ܰүͬ˻飬ҪƸ񣬶үˣүȥɣ
ͬ񽭼һҲǾв߲͵˼ңҵĳ͸㶨ףƸǰ¸¹ö󣬿ҶϢ׼ڻˡ
Ȼϵ֮ٲ˻£ܰ˵أææظϹȥӦ룬Ҳȥ֡
߷ܼһҼռ˹γڵļԺӣ߸ߵγԺǰ޴ĳҺôҲǾŵ˼ңҪҪٲ¾Ҫˣʱ򷴻ڵģ
ǽֵףƸҲˣģҼһƻŮװ׵Щ꣬ҪƸ񣡡
ҴǸ긾ˣԿѽѽʱҼҶĿҾֶͻȻƽѾͷ˭ҲܴӦɣ˵ҼүҲװ׵ôЩ꣬Ҳ˿أЩƸԭҼҵĶǽҶƤǶҪˣҪռҼҵĶ
ֱǺܻҲ⹷ͷ
žǱһǶ֣۹γߣԺŹţͷѻȸŵģγ׼ˡ
ȴڴʱԼγԺ˵˾ʲôȻȴܻ˵ģ߽ǰϸԼԷĿٹһӣȴͻȻһС죬һѾߵͷߣǽ¡
Ӷ쿪ʼ±һֱû¶棬ʱôӹγԺ
һæ߼ȥ۳ûˣ䲻¡
һ̧ͷһԽ첻Ͱ˵Сôô
ҵҪ㣬ʲôʱģߴŵЦ˵ôȥңܵˣ
Цŵͷϵĺðˣ˵գջȸС˵һģֻǣֻǡ
ֻʲôߵ
С㣬񲻶˵ׯó͢ˣҲ׼ūһӸׯߣū˵ҪߺЩʹˣū¼û䣬ԸŻָ̫̫˵˵ūһҡ
ԭˣģ˵ѣΪʲôô£ЦЦؿ˽һֱɫףſ˵𣿡
ûûš֧֧˵̫̫˵
̫̫ڸС˵Ц˵£ոҲ̫̫ſء
²һ£ͷϵĺðԽˣǿ˵ԣԣ̫̫ڱСҲȥˣū澣ūû֡
£Ƴһۣ촽˵ʵ
һҪһֻסЦ˵ֻ˵ʵû
˵㵽ûм֣˵ʲô
ûжߣɫҲƽȴ촽˵ûûţ̫̫ԺͷûˣūڱСèתǣֳ˭֪˭֪
˭֪ʲô߽׷ᡣ
˭֪С˵Ҫ޴ˡͷ˵̫̫˵˵˵׸硯
һڣһһ̱ڵϣֻ˵С㣬ʲô˵ˣСҡ
˼תγһֱΪˡǽľĶӣ˵ˡԷ׸硭ѵԷҲǽľĺӣ
һ£ߣ˿㣡
Ż겻Ľ£һ·ԼԺŶ֣˵ҪĻ⻰ٲ׼ߵڶˣ
֪ӵ˽Ӳһֻ֡ʣº£վסֻק߲ţ˵СңСң
ֻҪסˣһҪҪӣͲݣһˮݹȥȶ񣬵ȹ߶ˣϽؼҰɣסҪһ㣬ãһŲ͸¶һ֣
ʹͷӹˮ˹˺˸⣬һͷĺ˵㣬ϰſ˵СҪҵùˣһҪѽ
ãҾ㡣߷Ը˶ڶүǱ߿֣ٸϽȥ󲻹˭㶼Ҫһҧˣû
¼ȣԶģûˣ˳ȥ
ְŷŽµĻü  
ܣԷԼͬһʮ죬ʲôûԷǽľŮĻԹγӣôܶôãǣԷġ
һԣԷǽľŮĸ˭γ޸ܡǣܲǽľĶӡ
ѵˣԷǽľŮҲγ֪ˡʵݣҲ֪ԷãԲô˵Ļû͹γԷѰĳ谮
ʯ֮䣬ͻȻҹϸ˵ģγһֱϺӣҪѶӽ̸ľ̳оλֱγһٵУ˽ܡѵ
񣬿첽ȥϷţĸҸո̫̫Է˵һ仰
ʲôϼɫأɵҲѹôˣ
̫̫˵ˡԷ׸磬ߵ׼޸ˡ
ϳһѿ˵ôᣡˡǡ
Ȼֹϵͷ˰죬̧ͷʱѾɫʲô
ȥԷļ縸ĸߵʮǰ硢Էǰųûãźȫ̫̫һ飬ĸҲ֪ˣδˡ
ãüͷ˵ʹȥ
ߵſڣҵķԸ˼䣬ҵһߣһ˷ţߣص˵Էǡôܶ˭
ܺԷãһǹγģڵԷĿҪȽܴöࡣ
ô˭
ҵĸ磬ӡϵ֣ģĸ̫̫̫̫Ǹ磬ȻЩңǲģʲôʱǶˡ
Ҳˡ˵öԣĳ̫עɲ˴£Ҳͦá                          

 39 

˻һ, ĩҳʮ, ҪǿƸ񣬽ֺҲʾ, ге׳ʹӳӦ, ά֣˵ÿڸҲס, ĩ˻Ǵһ, ǿѵеͷߣ붼˲ʣˡ
쿪ʼ, ΪƸȥ, ÿ춼ǳֲݣ, ˽´, ԭƧĽʱ˶ʮ˴˶֡
һǽ֮ĳȴһֱƽ޲γַͷ, ŴԷҲ˲, ˭Ҳ, ΪŴԵϢҲ춼汼ߣеľ, ŮѾǣﲻǸСѾˣ˵ΨһҪĵģ
ϣϢΪʧǱʷڹ±٣ԶǷ˾ͷţѾǣһС˹ھŷҡ
ɣˮ絶ԼҲӲϧ
ôϧ
ʵߵˣ
Ȼǲһشģӵ٣ǲҹʡ
Ц£ͻȻʵôأƽʱʱǶòϴ˯ʱҲŰɣ
ͻһҲ֪λشֻڨڨؿһۣ˵ֵ¾ûŮ˿ʹŪ춢ңҲ֪ӡ
һʶؾһϴ˯ʲôģǾԲҿģֻӶô⣬һǺã
ЦƳһۣ⼸ĿţҲûûʱҲʱ̶ĵģʲôÿı˿ȥ 
벻˿ЩֻǷ£ÿģῴСġ
Ȼģ±˲ġ߲ٶ˵ת뿪
ȴӴѹһʯͷȻҹţȴ޶˱ɣȲҿ̫ҲҶ˼룬ֻŴˡЩ˱˸¡
ͷϣڸ̸ףգƸһױ˻ʧϴæƸ񣬶԰һ춫
Ҳһ磬ʵ۴žƷϵĹԱͺ󹬵óĹǰĺɽԣƺƵĶӶųȸֳǣͷβʮþÿβ
߸ŽܣڴԿֵȺԶԶŻʵ۵ֵĳߴĻʹżҲƲͷΣ룬ʵۻʲôأˣֻʲôΣ
֮󣬱ǹĳһʻͻ彣ִ죬ڶңߺƼл٣һŽɫƵɫխ£ң峤ƽʱģ˼ӵϢֶ˼ӢԽעĿŰ߹ʱŮٸǵĿ⣬ûвġ
л⣬ѼŮǰĽĿ⣬ʱֻţһƼߣһ˫һ۱߸Ц⣬ԶԶͷ⡣
һЦԽٱȺʱһ͵͵
úõˣȻռˡʶ룬ȻʵۼʲôģҲл⣬ŴϷñ˵磬¡
¥ϣڴ棬Ⱥﶢߣͼڽܺ棬Ⱥ߽˵һ¥ֲʱ¥ǰ˵Ӱߵķñûժ˰ǰԲ裬ܵͷڿһ棬˵Ż
һʱм佭ܼȥ߶ȴʼڴǰûô뿴۾ᣬЩġ
ʱ֣ͽˣ뷢߻Ǵŷñʱʶб䣬˹ȥʱԭǱˣһʰ䣬һܰ
ĵһ⣡ȥ
ʮɽϣ߷йͼԶԼԼһɫЦǱ߾ĺɽˣһʱܵɽ£ɽһû֪С·ֱϵɽ
ݳعͷʵΪʲôҪʰǰǵģ
ڣȻΪ˦롣Щ̽ȷһֱڸģˡô죬ֻǴϢҲķӣһˡĿģһˡ鷳ˡԣʹһѿǼƣ˦롣
⻰Ͳܸ߽ˡߵ϶Ŀڶ࣬һ˭ǳǣһ̫̫ҪҲôš磬ʵǵ֮ͿʼΧ𣿡
궼絽ɽϵйţЪϢһһΧԡܵҴˣʺһɽ¹ԳԲʮܶнء
ŤͷߣԽԽԥãԳ¹껹֮ޣʮΣգβнлӵָϽԳɱۣãԽԽģȻ˾Ҳǹȥʱȥü
Ц£Ҳȥ߰ɡ
߳ȥͻȻסٴλعͷǻڴϣҲлˣƷҲѵãοлŵڡȻˣлҵĽϲ˿㣬ãٺú롣
ȥðգ޸л١
΢΢һЦҡҡͷҼѾˣͲͷ
޻ڣˡȻղľϣӲڡ
ٶ˵ֻǿŴңңɼĺɽ˼ŽӦ֮ߣ̾˿عͷȥϳֻһͬ͹尾һ㣬ȥô
һʱ󣬳ĺɽ´ɽͣס߲Ƚ˳磬ɽȥ
һæôУɫˣڸһϣһȥ
ҡҡͷɫ̫ױˡӻʵҲողŵæŰʰʱ򣬷ӦúиҸɽҹҸطһ㣬ױ֡ΧʱضҪ峡ʱߵĻҪץס
ܼȰɽϵ߳ϣôɽϹҹУǵһߡ
ǰҵҩʱζɽϹҹİɡִ̽ӳóװʳˮСȡһ˫Ьˣˣǰ·ߣʮиӣҸ˼ҽްɣ֮ҪһûˣɽȥǱ㡣
Ҹһȥٹ˲࣬æ³ǰҲһɽ
磬ЦֻĽҰأҿɱȸǿö࣬˵ģɽС·ҰʱȥֻһʱҲϲȥ
֪˵Ķԣôܸɣָг֮ȻǼϵģȻôһȥҲ
ܵģҲĺȣǰһߡ
ã֮ˣҲԼļ֡
ôۿȰ룬·Сģ߲˾ͣ£Ҫǿ
ǰ̧ͷż֮ƵĺɽĿǸߵʹɼϵҶͰ߸ߵҰлУӳһʱʱֵС·
·ʱ·ͻᱻҶڸǣûм֪ɽȴ·ɽܽʡһʱ䣬·ֶֻвͿʧ㻬£һغ
ɽ·ӦöѾţ·ΣգӦòڣȥȴʱ
߽ȹ´ߡ
ܸ󣬰ѵزʪĵ
ŬҪס̬Ȼ·ϵǼɶʯ飬·Ǵѹء
ɰӲͣЬ꣬źѾջǵǱɰĥ˰ɣܼţ̧ͷʱһֻɵС¹Ųӯزʯɿߣ˿ԵΪѡ
ģȴ֮ˡ
һֽŲÿ߼ߣá
δ䣬ŵµʯһɣһŲȿգžҪˤȴڴʱ߻һס
ʯɰӺһӣƴץסֱߵСסΣЦ˵˵ҪӦãͷӦҡ
ͷһߣ߲ߡЦһָԶĴʯͷЪһɣȿˮߡ
ʯͷֺ˼ˮܵϢĺˣ·ʪʪźϣģ˵ܡ
ʶؿŵߣͷЩ΢΢ĺ⣬ɫΪ˶ЩΣԽ޵ͬӳյܽޡƲ۾
ܻæٿȴʵ磬㻹ǵԷʲôʱ򵽸𣿡
вǲ͸ǽҲ˵ԷףҪ޴ˡ£һֱװ֪һǲò֣ҲЩϲܶⳡ¡ʱͻȻԷ֣ŵӦǸճûþͱĸױˣСҶÿ
Ǿ仰ʹıȥȻȥҲûãҲãһĶ
˵ûоãԷ㳤Щ̫̫
һҡͷ˵м񣬱ϾݣҲǺʵ˵˫۾ĸס
ôȻһЦмҲˡ
̧ͷɫվÿЩ߲УȻɽˡ
£һҪɽǴġ
˵ҾܼʵˡЦǰߣЩɽɣһ˻лȥ˶Ҫˡ
æϣȰʱȻżԱߵһݾЦƤ㶷
ܶȥ̷׳ĲݾϳżƬҶӣƽʱҲ㶷ȣȴ֪ʵķ㶷ԭģ
ҶӣݾŽţһֵһǮأȥɽΪ˲ⶫңɵֶ࣬ʱɽһǼ졣
˵ʱ۾ϰԵϴţŷӦӦûҷ㶷ﲻѹǺС㣬ȴô꣬ôͷԭӦúúòģȴΪԵʴ񣬻ҪѾĻʸʵۡ
һ  ӿͷܳסߵ䣬֣˵ãǻȥɣȻˣֻҪڣ;ίãȴڵĵطòҪȥ
г䣬ҡҡͷȥء
ǰߣЦȨƵӣ˭ϲȥ
⻰ҪǴӱ˿˵ܶҪ̰ӹףȻ˵ȥȴ־ȻֻԼãۼԽԽ죬ֻôȫĲӡ
Ȼ֮Уۿ̫ӰһȥˣԽԽ죬ʱͷһѾԶֽŲã
תȥˣȥɡ
ܴϢվ￴ţܵľǰȻҲΣվ֮УȴôҲ治巽λôһȥ
˵㣬ɽ
СȻЦ⣬ȴǲɣɽԼȥ
Ķֿɫ˷ָŶߵҼǵôǰ˵Ǳߵɽͷǻʵ۵йԲԣ
ܿ˺ܾãų˵Ӧǡ
ȥɣҴǰɽ³·ȥӾܸϵ
ᲽߣֱܳסˣҸһ𡣡
ȥģָָǰ棬ֻᵢҸ·
˳ָķ򿴹ȥһֱ¾±߼ô֦ɽ£˵Ľ·
Ҳȥġ
ȥɡ߿±ߣڰ֣ټ
˵æȥɽ·ϱ̫࣬գۼѾץס֦辣һѾԽ׵£˶ɽϡ
һĲǻӣѿڽеСģ
վˣڰ֣ȻһЦ
б£ܾ۾ЦջˣȷӦʱѾߵԶˡ
ָܻƽżţãܳ̾һƣ˳ʪĵϡ
ɹģټʱص䱦ֻܶڰУ
߿첽ŶȥЬںҶϣɳɳ죬ǰɽҩΣ޶˾
ǰ˵ɽǱǻʵ۵ĹҹʿأƽնÿʱţǱûʲô˹ȥض㶷ɲɣȥɵ㣬϶ܷСơ
û뵽ˣΣĿ겻Ƿ㶷ǻʵۡ
ʵۣɱȷ㶷ֵǮö࣬һʴơ
ԶԼʶزסΣϸ
߹ӵ˵Ů˵Цɽܾʵˡ
һɣűӣһ֦Ҷïɼȥ֦м䣬Ρ  
ֹһӣнŲ߽ˣһӺ½׵ĽжӴӲԶСѲһ飬ȥߡ
ֹһʱǺ׵ĻжѲߣ򶫱ˡ
߶֦Ҷм䣬ĵȴŮ˵ЦӽѲӣʵסĵطӦòԶֻҪһ簴Ž˵ķλϹȥܼʵۡ
õĻ˵лʵۡ
ɫмѲ˼󣬽ԶйķȴԽǹ˵Ц
̽ԶԶһƫϵĵطԼź⣬Լǵ𣬻ʵۣӦþǱ߿Ÿ裬֡
Ծƻ֮ʱǷиʱҲĻᡣ
ӯһڵϣźҶ˳ķ򣬿첽˹ȥ
ŲڹУһ˿Ҳõڻ˵й磬ƵλڰɽһȻγɵƽ̨ϣƿտұٽʵ۵޹ԻȺȻʵ۾˻޹ʱѰ
һʯ£ҹɫڣӰȡʯȹѾ˵ȹӣóź仨ӵЬ˽ϵĲЬ
ҺڵУоܽ棬˵֬촽Ὣɢ˵޽Щٺһ壬ССľֳһ˼主󻨡
վҳȻһЦ
ģǱ֣ҲΪǸһĹǹԱҾ죬˳ſȥ
ʯͷ²غãϱǣѭŹķ򣬾ĵ˹ȥ
ǰÿһ·̾еϣƽ̹·ԽԽԽԽʵ۾ǰ
һѲߵĽж߹ӳԶ¥󣬶ҶٲȻšƵĴ֣ˡ
첽Ƶȥ
˭һӵڱ𣬡վס
ôͱˡ΢һ̧üͣס˽Ų
˿첽߽˭عͷ
ĵһת̧ۿʱ߱ԲĻȣҡ

 40 

ǵ, ׵ͶһõĹӰ, Цţͺﲻǽ䱸ɭϵĻʼй, ͺֻں԰Ѱļһ, ε˵ѽ
лٵԭѾ˽ϣʱƬ, ԼΡ
ôʱ, ͻȻ
ȷӦʱæ䣬ƹղĵطȥ, Ҳѹˣôܵˣ
۲һ, ˶Բߣѽ
лһ, ¶Цݡ
ղżһ˲, ҲͷȻ֪ûʲôܣȻ˵, Ҫˡ
ߡлٴ첽߽qqӰɿ֣ЦҪ, ǲŵġ
Ȼ֪ں, ҲЦֺα˵ơ
Ȼںлһ˿źȴ־Ȥ, Ц㵽ʲô
ѽ΢΢ӳԶĵƹ⣬ģִҪʣҾֻôش𡣡
֪ôģлٴߵЦôҲĨȥҲǡԵ޹ܹҲͦȤһʱÿһϸڻȤġ
˱ˣ϶Ҫ׷ʵףлԭӣȻ϶Ǵ̿ͣҲ׷ĿģֻܵĶѹ˵һɽŮ춼ǵǼģҿ㣬Ȼ鷳ˡûҪ£ǿЩ߰ɣ뷨ɽ
Ҫأ߲áգգ۾ô죿ҪôװûҺˡ
һգʱĹȥʱӣлƽʱȼʱһССĻͷҲһʱһʱģ˿˿ƵϢعʱӵӶ
֧㣬֪䣬ģ
л΢΢ӣ굥Ļϲ˵Ѿˣô죿
ǣҲ֪ˡǾúЦһ㣬΢ͷָں촽ϣ˼ģҪôȥղŵĵطһǱߣȥˡ
лֻǵ㻶ϲţɿر鲼֫ٺҡҡͷЦ˵УͻһֻʱҲùѲˣҪȥĻҪץš
ǾͲȥգ˵һתƼԱпʯȥ£·ߵĽŶˣЪһ
лٸһԱˣôģѷԲʮڵɽͷŲɽ·Ҳˣ˵ֻзӽĪǳ˳򣿡
Ҫ泤˳ҲˡʯţñʮֽᵽһɵҶϢҲ֪ζлϵζһС·ɽģúܡ
лʶȥĽţֻ̫ʯȹ£¶ݵһ㣬Ҳ֪ʲôģĵ׵ЦȻֹʱͻȻʶǸŮӣԭú̸ֻԼĽŵġ
ôô̹Ȼһ˵Щ˽Ļ⣬׽ܻ䣬ǲûаˣ
һĵĻϲͻȻ͵ࡣǰ˵ʱҲĸо˿ŮҵɬлٴվȻɽС·Ҳˡý첻ҵֵ򱻽֪Ҫһٽѵ
ЩΪʲôͻȻվ̧ͷЦ˵Ƕлӣ˭ҽѵ㣿
лЦ£ЩȻζĸо׷ǹʣȻ׽Ҫܻˣô̹ȻԼΪûа˿
ЩؾƣһлЩĽŮӣǵʱҲ赭д㲻ȥô֪ζôܡ
ƽͷһ⣬лپЩɥ뵽ײģ£˵Ц˵ЦɽǲɵģҲ˵ҪѲ飬ǽסҲǸ⡣
ȻлײҪʵۣǲˡ߱⵹ûʲôǰҳɽϲҩҿôȥһҹˡ
ôУгϣɽҹ䡣л룬㻻ҵ·ҴߴɽɽһɽʱЪŵķݣһ붼ţﰲһһ뷨ؼҡ
ҡҡͷЦһ£ڲߡ
ְ㲻ץҲ˵ߣлٱҲǿ˵ɽϽ䱸ɭϣʲô㣬ȸ˵һһʲôʣҲ뷨Ӹת
˵ǸӦߴЦҡͷ˵ְǱˣֻûҰɣԼӦ
лٵͷģѾ㡣
վ̧ȥϽ׵Ŧᣬ߲ؿҪʲôлȴû˵ֻǷɿؽ⿪ף֦ϣȥĺۡ
æʲô
лһںʱлٴߴЦ˵¡
ֶʱһЦҡͷҲ²š
һЦлǵ޶˵Ļϲʱֱɢˣǰºϣɽ䣬ŰɣִⲻߣǾȥһҸ٣ղȥǰӣ뷨ɽɡ
´£ڼ΢΢ů⣬߱ǶᵽǹɵҶϢԭӵζлٵζ
£ڣּлȡ½ף°ɫ棬һϿӣ߰ɡ
ĺܵ͵Եʣȥ꾹쳣ߴٲȻѾ˵תóñãסƵͷ˵á
ָһȣȴл߰ɡ
ͻȻЩæָá
лٶסӣֿһۣǰ
Զϵ΢⣬лٵסȥƬ̺ӭһѲߵĻлʶסߵ֣˴סӰ
룬ܿ߹ȥлֻ֣ȴЩɿ
ĴļЩ΢΢ɬ⣬лں԰ʱΣ̲סʵ׺û𣿡
׻ڣϲͣŪһ˫ֶ˼ӡ
ҹл٣ܾЩŹ֡߷ɿس֣ʱ͹ˡ
л˵̧˳ȥڼͷЩ̫Ӧʱл١
·ϵƹһӽ෴ķѲ߹ʶصͷüͷ̫̫ܼ֪ʵ޹Ŀ̫ˣķӡ
ԶһݣǰŵҶʿأлٴס֣ߴ˴ˣҴȥ
΢ĵƹ⣬лٴüˮɰ׵ļϺ촽Ȼ˷ñ˵ۣȻɫҲβסС
лĴָĺ촽˼£ûȥ
ָȾ˿֬ĺɫȻϣԾǰ㽿ޣ޹˿
£ǰĸоԽʶֱ˴ת˵ôһһҹɡ
лٿһ˫һÿףųһ棬ͷĺ۳䣬ٶʱѾһ
ֻĵͻһ˲䷴ӦͼȻԽ궯ڵŲ£ͷȴһлͷҪ˵ߡ
ǹӵҶϢͻȻŨлٵϢ˵ı۰ʵοûʱôʶЦ޼ɵ꣬Ҳǿˡ
Ҳȥ̫㡣߶񣬵ͷл٣ƻȥ
һֻŸտżڣ߼ͻȻһģž˵л˭ѽ

 41 

߽Ųһ, ͷɫ, лٽ§Щɿش´һСƺ, ӭļһЦ, Ȼˡ
ո߼лڽеۣͬôش, ʱЦ, УǶȥ￴ˣ
ʱ򡣡лЦŹۣƺﵹ, ŵ¹, ҡҡڰȥ
ĸӶûУĶˣ˿ıӰ, Цͬ˵
л׼Ǻȶ, ոҿƺӶûΡͬЦԱǸ׼ǸһȾƵģʲôˣ
˵Զȥ, лٵĲӣҡҡƹⰵ߹ȥͻȻһЦ, , ˵Ҷ˵ˣƫƫǲţ
ߵͷ߽¶Ц, ֻлԣһֻ֪ллѲӣҲʮټˡ
лٵסڴԺĽһӣƧһ̤ţĻӺ۵ȥ˿
лţһֻҪﲻҪӦ
ûеƿñ˵ͷͷЩˣǱñѹģлٲ̧֣ޱߵҷҴȴԱ߶㿪ˣ
лͷͻȻϲڶʼǰɬڽˡ
лٴ´Ͻ»ȥ̨ϡ
ʶֶ㿪Щȥϵ̨лҲûٿڣﰲ˼㣬޶˱Σա
ָⴥ̨˵ͦȻס䡣
лЦ£ҵԭǸð˸סһģҵĶͷ˾ǼҸĵӣͨһ¡
һ𻨣ȼ˰ҡҡӳлٵݣһ˫һؿߣպϣɡ
ͦɵġߵͷл٣ǲǸȥѲˣ
첻ҵֵлֻǱ߹ҵ֣Թȥƣû뵽㣬̫ˡ
һл˴ߣͷˣҰʰ¡
̧£ޱߵɢЦû£ùܡ
ŲţһŮӵķ١л߽ˣ̧ͷȡԺĽᣬǰСʱܲҪҸͷ
ˣԷлС㣬ԭá˿һлٺ̧ܿޱ߷ȥͷմ롣
ˡͻȻˣЦֵлӦ֮Լרˣ
˲䱻ƣлһգһڴϨںڰд˵æŸͷ𣡡
һЦ٩лģĪҹ
㿪ŷǽȥͷǸͷ
лţҲиҪ͸㣡
лǺǺЦ˵𿪣Ҫҵĺ£
ֳһ󣬼ʼղϿţҲˣлٱҲٵֻЦ˵ϣûٳȥˣֻϣǱٹ
Ц£û˵ƻȫˣôԺӵ۾ô˦л٣ָôӽʵۣ
ԶĹʧƵĻѾӽβʵ۸ݻ޹ˡҲ֪ʵʲôģʲô飿ôûʵ
˯ɣɽˣЪšлٵںڰдOO@@չ˱죬˯˯ӡ
ߴӦһڴ£лϿߵĿΣԼһѣְѽεһϣչ֫ЦЦ治ҪҰͷջǲġ
ҪЦ˵ͷ˯
ͻȻһŮӣǾܹ߶
л٣ҹйòã
л֪ôӦǲ˵á
ͣƬֵ̣ôҵúúô㿪ЩĿ
ȻŮ˵ķ٣϶Ҳ˵ķ٣Բԣ
л˲˼ЦҪǰĻǧЩеСƼȻ׼Եߵ
Ц˵ǺãҶߡ
öűˣö㿪л٣쵽ʵߡֻǣһûдĿģһº׷ôģֻҪл١
ʵл٣治Ҫʲô𣿡
Ȼ˵ǾͰˡлںڰתͷһЦƽϲǿˣ㡣
л߷˸Ҫ˯ˡ
Щ˯˾죬ϳɱʱ
лϸĺԽԽᣬ೤ƽĺҲƽĽࡣӦѾ˯ˣȴ˯š
ƽһŮӶҹлΪԼţʱȴʮƽչ·һб͸ˡ
ȥ˸˵ЩʱЩ˿񶼱ˣǲЩʲôʱ˵ҲֻǼ۸ҪѣȻʱӦãѻ˵ȷһЩġ
ǰû֮£ȻʱҲʱ͸ף˿϶ӦҲӦûӦɣ
лںڰпڵķ΢΢һЦȫ֪ʲôԸӦֵֹҪйŹֵ뷨
ʱлԾû˯ţ۾˼룬ȴȻߵĺǴһ㣬ֶֿ죬лٲֱӣϸ
ĺԽԽҲ˸OO@@Ķƺץʲôлæ첽߹ȥҪͻȻżŭ
Լסˡлٸӣȥҡļ򣬵ѡ
ͻȻѣ˼־һƣſң
лڼֻüһƫͷƲջȥһ˿΢΢ۣлס֣£ҡ
͵۾Ƭ̵죬ָһ
جˣлָ̧Ķͷһ㺹Ǻ°ɡ
˼㣬Ҫӵ뻳ˣڡ
߶㿪͵һЦˣ
ұҲû˯šлټ㿪Ҳûǿֻμʲô˵Ͳˡ
μʲôμǼôҲȥݣ¡ڻе˵μ˴ǰ¡
лٳĬƬ̣ﶼô·ŭ϶Ǽõ飬Ҳ֪Щ˶ٿࡣĬĬӵڻıˣȥˡ
߾ñǼеᣬЦһƿǣȥˡ
̧ĨȥϵĺЦ˵һֱë̫Ż£ܻجΣƽǴû
ʲôجΣлһˮ͵ߣҲԸ˵˵
˵ģʱҲ̫ңҲл̫´棬һˮμж׷ңߣҡŶϿôҲӲȥ
лˮ߬ˣⲻجΣӦ£ԲŻôֺ¡
ˣԺңлס֣һ㣬ٲغˡ
֣߳ҡҡͷԺҲˡ
ֱϣסԼסԼˣĿ־ţֻǳجζѡ
ҹĻ٣ˡ糾̤˳ժͷϵĶңǽϡ
ӣмŴ׿˫ַϾϸͲֽ㣬
ţˡͻȻЩõԤУæ̧ȡزˡ
˲俴УˡˣˣƤ£һнѿǣӵӰ١
⼸죬ǻʵԵӣƻŮˣ
ٶȴŸ룬֣ȥĺɽйؽߣˡһ̼˺÷飬ŭⷭӿ㼴̻ؾЭ룬κδۣһҪǸŮˣ
׿첽뿪ˡҧ֪ᰲ֣Բ粽붢Ȼˣ
òҪȢҲѾӦȢھЩ֮Ϊ˶ĳŵ౼ʱȻתͷҪȥʸʵۣ
˵ֻҪǿˣĸСˡһȭǽϣǿһӳգ
ȭͷջʱƹǴ͸Ѫɫˡ̧ŴԽҹɫա˿̣ضĺɽĳΪǿһӵץסһһ޹ǣϸĸУײصʲô
ĸ죬мˡŭ֪ξ֪ʱǿҲ޿κΣЦ欣˵ؿˡ
ѣлٵͻȻξǸˣʱ٣Ҵȥ
۾лЦһۣվڴǰ˵㲻һ᲻ӵķҪҪԣ
޶˱ЩȻɢ˷٣ȻһЦл٣Ҫôãһʧġ
עҪʧҪģ  
ʲôлٿһĲȥȴǴЦ˵ûס
׵ġƹ˴û滻·һס
Ѹ㱸ˡлùϵɫ۷˹ȥȥӺ滻ϰɡ
ۿתĻ棬лٱȥƬ̺ȴ̲סͷĻķһۣᶯ£Ҳ·ʱСˣлæתͷ
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Ųһлתȥӭ۾ͼߴǼӣɢ˳Ļ˳Ӷ˵Щˣعճӯһյ֫ĵӯҪȥһ㡣
лƬ̣һ㻶ϲҡͷ˵ӡ
ҲŪͷͺˡЦ˵ҵӻɣ
лٴǰĿڴȡǰѽᣬ˻Σء
£żֵ٩˵кüûϴͷˣࡣ
ôᡣлһ縺ڷ̲סͷȥһ£Ƕȫϸôࣿ
ǰССӣͨͷ˳ķ˿ˮһ㣬ָţлЩþſǣȻɫԽԽʱˣÿЩ
ٺܿ꣬лһ̶֧סˡ
ôˣ߻عüëЦʡ
ôһϹӣҲӡлҡҡͷ񡣡
˵ķвûоӣ룬ȡǽϹŵĳһ˳ճˮգݣ촽ȻһȴôҲˡ
̧лһЦȻ񡣡
СлٿŽӳգͳǱȥ˰ɡ
ҪȥģӦþǼʧ¡лԥҡڣɱŶĿܲ˵ԸסߣԼССԸ
ǵȥųִ죬ЦвС
Ž⣬üëϴһһһ˺ںڵʣȨǺ룬ȡۺУϸϸڴϣס̺Ĵɫ
أЦŻͷл٣ʵ
лֻŽӭŵգҡͷǲ񡣡
ƾΣ޹ڡ
ɡЦŻͷŽգͲɡ
ʵʱҲϴЩۼֻҪȥﵽԳѰʵ۾ͺˡ
лһԽԽǰһˮ˪УͻȻãǱ˲¶ķâ˲ȴˣԭȻ
ͷһáֽ̧ƻؽУߵȥȻӲЩһʱ֮䲻÷Ҳá
лٴùϸŨܵͷϣ˴ӡ
ĵ׵ʧôҲѹסлٺ̧֣ȥȥƲ룬Цǲȥ˰ɣӣ϶ᱻϳ
ҪȥءƿߣһҪȥ
ҪȨƣϵĻȨĿꡣ
ƿ飬ɫֻߵͷ£ڣ첽Ժȥ
лٺܿ׷ĬĬ磬û˵
˳ĬԺţĬ˴Ե֣޽Ĳݵأķȥ
ֹƬ̣лٺһЦڣǲǸø׼ȥĶˣ
ҲЦ߰ɡ
˵ʵۻᰴŹԵһɽȥ¹ֻҪ˦л٣Ǳߺžͺá
ߣлٵ֣ͣס˲ӣҪȥ𣿡
תȥߵߵţͷ
лûֻǵͷߴЦҪʲô
Ц£תͷҵǱȥһˡ
лתⲻʵϣʵ
ĽŲԽԽԶлֻǾվţûлͷҵͷҲѾı⣬ҲܿͻҲһжֻ޻Ĳ²⡣
ʱһȥˣûĽŲ⽥һյյϨѲߵĽжӴӴ߹лֻǱ뿪ķ򣬰վš
һֱϲǿˣһֱΪϲһˣ͸ɣҲŪˣҲ֮Ժ뿪Ϊǿơ
ǿӲҲͲˡ
ԽԽӣʵѾ룬׼лУδĺɽе˶Ϊʵ۶Ҳ⡣
лսǰѽᣬɫһӲʧһʼô˷֪ˡ
ͣСĶһ峡ĽܰʱһԾ¡
ЩѲƵʵӦǳģֻҪڸžͺá
ժͷϵԭӵַŽУŲ˴üëֲ˴ϵķۣһԹľм䡣
Լ߱ȴڴʱִ졣
ڹľвغΣ֦Ҷķ϶￴ȥһżˣѹ
ȥģˡ϶Ѿ֪ˡô죿
ԽԽȴһתȥˣ룬ӹľзɿ˳ȥ𼱴ٵĽŲĵͺС
ͣƴȫķȥе
ԣǰּСϣһӵмһɴµˣͷ߾ֱ˳ȥе¾ң                        
лҪ˵תɹŷҮ~

 42 

ĽŲȻֹ, ֪, Ѿʱͣһ, ֱֱмϵܹȥ, ȣ¾ң
ɴ½ץ, ˿϶ǻʵ, ѾĻ
ӵĽΣһǰΧڻʵǰ, һӿǰȥ, Ҫ׽ߣȴڴʱ, ֻʵ૵ؽ£
Ҳ߽һ, £Ĺ¡
ʵ۹Ȼϳ˻, װ࣬Ȼǲġһ, ̧Żʵ۵ķȻһЦ, ¡
ֻҪʵϳĻᡣ
Ѿ嵽ǰҪǰ, ȴڴʱʵ۳˵ס֡
Ǳ̫ɫҫһʵ΢΢۾شߣƬֱֻ֮һ֮ңͣסӣĿʼͣϣʵ˭
Ļ㱣Ѿȷϣǰ˲¡ȻΪˡ
߶ֻҪϹͿһͷӭŻʵ̽Ŀ⣬˵:ߡ 
ߣ޵͵͵ظһ飬߽һڶߣս
㹻ϸϸǰ˫΢׵ˡ
ʵ۴޵ȨƵˣѾĻˣòһ㣬һŷɫ׵üϸĿֱǱòţɫȴżֲ
˵ʮͣʵԵҪ᲻٣ûʵ޴ࡣ΢΢һЦòƷȻʹ˵㣬ҲܳԿ
޵ûϵʱͻȻЦˣٴλʵǰҾңʲôϵ
һϣʵ۾뵽Ҿӹһ˿ɻ󣬵ͷ˳شŮǽҵŮ 
ľŮټ˵ľϲͻȻɢبͷĲƮҡ£޵̧֣ߵ
ɫϸļϣΪղűܵļϻŵĺΣԽĳǣˮᲨӳܽޡһ㣬Ĳɷ
ⲻǸְֺ޵ŮˣİһɽҰľ£Ļ˼ʡͣէȻִʣ飬Խ˾֮
ս޵һɳٶ۵ĺ⣬ѵǸܴڵ֣
̧ӭĿ⣬ǡ
ȻģǽľŮǹӳٶ۵ĺʱɷӿŭ޵ʹοסߵ°ͣ͸żˣ޲һУȴڴʱϸϸһ
޵عͼˮӯӯķһ˿ί촽Ҳ΢΢ƺۣƺҪ֣ȻҲû˵ʲô
Ȼͬʣ˫۾˵ףţƵƤǣҲǲͬġ޵ɿ֣Ÿӵʵղֱӣ˭ôһֱ޿
ŮĽ£˲Ŵ󵨿ա߿˵
ĽŮǶĽ޷ǶΪȨơ޵һʵй䱸ɭϣôģ
һƭǾɱ
ɫ˫ûһ˿ֻǳؿ֮ܣȻԲһֻҪܲл٣Ҳûʲôġʵ˵Ůǰĺɽҩ֪С·ǴС·͵ġ
ʵҾŮô£޵䷴ʣľŮȻҪҩ
Ů⣬ڻһ¡ֱ˿̵ľƺ̧ͬͷһۣŴ֮ǰһֱ«סƶԷ¶ܼѣҰˡɲҩץ֮߳£Ů
Ȼڽ󣬾Ȼ䣬ֵô꣬ûϢδ޵ϤİӣһʱԾϡ
£һԲŮžͼһʮ͡ƤŮ˿һ߹ôйʥݣɵն
ڻãһڣ˲ô޵˾ϡ޵һۣ˵ʺ󲻱صǣ޴
ĵƳ˻ʺһۣԪĵճŮ֮󣬻ʵ۵ԭ䷢ޣͼˬʣٶȻ꣬üĿԾһɲӢƽʱҲɱϣǿӲ
ԪҲڿߴһЩĵЦݣȴû˵ʲôֻǿסվڴ޵Աߣġ
ֹƬʱ޵ٴοʵС¾ҡʲôԵʣ
һָߵԣһȺˣŮԱ²Բųȡ
ӦûûԶǱץסǾ˼ˡ
޵˵ȻҪ޲Ϊθߺ㣿
ŮȷǵͼɧңԲôС£̧ۿһ£°ݣŮԣŮ֪ˣ𷣣
󽫾ȥ飬죬жٲ˻˽޵Ը
󽫾ٴһ㣬̵׷ȥˡ
޵תߣڼæǣ޵ͷٿʱԾɱָƣվƺ޺δ
һʱǧٸͷ󶼶ЦЦ޵عͷȥ˵𣿡
û֣ȴ֪ʵԼæѡ
޵ߵܹ̫͢Ըһƥ
ǣһƥõֽߣ޵ͷʱͼһץףһֻŲϣһԾѾ˵񰰣̧һЦ
ģԽýˡ޵عͷȥȴûĹ͵һͼʱţҲְɡ
ס˿֣ǰȥԪϣͬУڶ棬ͷʱķ΢΢˺촽
ɽɫУľïʢһжʱһȻһжѾһˡ
ӺݻصйǰɢԵİٹ˵ۺԵһʱ˫˫ǣһææظϣһ˽´ΪͻȻͣΧԣ˵ΪһΧŮʱһ
ѵǴ̿ͣбʲôԵʣɭϣôᱻ˴˽ʥݣ
еĽ˵©Ȼ˭żæԴӣ¾ǰȥӭʥݣлٸӭȥʱһ۾Ϳ˶ߣֱۣͦڵ֮ϣһֻۣһ˵޹ȥ
û´Ϊ˻ʵģԸԳ
лӣңһж̫ףԴӲмȥȥ֪ƽͷһĵŮˣȴĽ֡
лƽƿĿ⣬ѾˣĸģҪȥȥеˣһˣץס  
޵йǰͣ£ŴӸԳҴҸϻٹ٣˵ЩˣҪȥЪϢƬ̣ɸ⣬׷档
ڹټʵ۰Ȼһȴֽסغ棺ʵ۽ʱôͻȻˣѵΪǸͻȻŮӣ
ѰĿⲻȥĩβʱһЩһһװҲڵסɫ֮УֽӭһȷѪ꣡
Ԫһ˵ɫ۵ף΢һ£޵ȥȴڴʱ޵תʺһѣҪΪ޻£ֻȥɣЪϢƬ̺ȥΧѰʺ󡣡
ʲôˣʲôЪϢΪǸŮӣԪƳһۣãôΧű¡
޵ͷȥֻ߳عͷߵŮ

 43 

ɫĹ˫ȶԿ, ¶пƽ̹ʯ, ̧ȥ޵ȥ, ɫӳɴϽɫ, ǰ̿һϵĴ
̤ţǲͬ
߲¶Ų¶Լ, Ӧòʵһ빬, һְ˵Ҫ£йԾСڼ̸ϵǰҪһ, չŲһ, ̧Ծ¡
һǴˡ̵ְֽ, Ҳ֪֪ʲô, ֪ŭʲôӣ
΢΢һЦ첽ǰĴ޵Ӧûʲôټˡ, ĽӦΪѰΪ, ֻҪ˻ʵ, ȻҲܱ
ڻľ裬ŵĹˡڼ׷Ŵ޵߸, ͷʯ·Լ̶̵ӰӣعźͻȻͣס޵߽һż߸ߵҡ
ǻʵ۵޹ˡżվסţûߣ޵ͷֵ
߸ʱ޵Ѿ߽УվӰиֿĿģһԲ
߽ȥӡʵ۵ķӦܹŹ֣ȫеľϲҲˣͻʵ֮䣬֪顣
ȴڴʱ޵¡
ʶҪ˿ȴźڼ͹Ƿ׷ߣ֪£Ƕ˵ġʱֻʣͻʵϣ߰ߵͷŹɼ˵ĽשԼӰӣﾹв
ʵ۱еģҪ׽Ӧԣ
޵ӲԶ̧ͷ
߹˳̧ͷͼʵһѸ߶ķУ˫ŷ֣ӴƺҪ͸͸롣
ǸѲˡˣǵӲɢˣ̧ӭΪ߻谵Եʣޱߵİ׷ԣԽԵգ۾ʵܿʲô
޵˵֮ǰҲ̹ǰ֮ô
æЦ˵ֻ̹Ǻײſ£̫ϲˣһʱѧǶˡ
޵û˵ֻ΢֫վӼ絽ȣһ󻬵Ļȣ̬ǽģȻһ˫ֻǺη
ʧǰģֻʣͻȻòŮ޵ûбȴʱĲͬǰŮҰѱɫһַȴûеġ
ǲһأȻٺٰپᣬǸ˶ѾˣҲزˡ
޵
ֱŵЦ⣬߽ˡ
ĺܽ޵ؿϵɫеĹâᣬŮˣиŮĻǲҲģ  
޵һָűߵĹĵʣȻȴŲΥֵĵϡ
߲ڹĵϲˣĵʱȻʵӰ࣬Сģȱߣһϸİˡ
޵Ŀͷĸоֹ죬òʵǽģ
ҡҡͷԼҪһֱĽ£¡
޵һ񣬳ȥ
һ˲䣬ִϿӰӣΣǸƭ֮ǵ
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ĵͻļ仰ɢˣ޵üԭѡ֪£˭֮Уѵб֪Ĵڣ
޵ĿΣ 
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ץ˴޵֣˵ú񣬻
ץסֲɿƵضһ£ƺҪ뿪æսЩ˵Ҵ˳룬ΪֻҪ¿ңͻҡ
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ۣһץָȴڴʱʵ£Ҹĺ𣿡
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Ϊشʱ򣬺Ȼ˵񡣡
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ԭʵܵģƭ
޵ѾԼ֣߱Ҳǿֻķ΢΢Ųһ㣬һǰҴ»صҺ󣬾˵Һͻú񡣼ﱨȥѡ㣬ԭҲǴ˵ͷû뵽һضûͱҺܲģʱ𣬾һֱ¡
ٵĻѻԼѿģ˵ģ޴ӿ֤
޵ȷжϲ˵Ǽ٣ʵ֪˭𣿽ôҵģ
һʼʵ۾ͶԽʮ⣬ΪʲôĪǲǸʵֹ̬йأ˼Ŵж㣬ڽҰӶ治֪Ϊʲô˸«壬ʱ׾͹ˣ飬Ҷ֪
޵ĿһƬ̹Ȼ˵ѡ
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δ
޵粻ȴڴʱ˵£Ҳؽңߡ
޵ʵΪʲô
Ϊǿˣжڼڱߣʲô¡
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ܶѽԵĴģôԼ
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ô˵޵˳Ŀʵ
ôһڣ϶ֵ˶֪ˣ²ҪңһȥеˡһЦż˴Ƥ£ǲǶĴˣ
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ʵ۵̬̫ʣƬ̲룬Ū롣
޵ͷĿô  
߳½ǣҡҡζҲ뿪¡
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Ӻ󣬹ԪӵڼഫϢʵǸôйĽŮ޹һӡ
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Ƕ˺챦ʯسϣһҲƵĳ˳ȥԪ׼ݴԼ¶¹ǣ̧һ
ڼɿܹȥ鿴žϲظߺʺһУԵĵ¹һֻ
һ׶Ԫڼֻ̧׳Ĺ¹Ц˵¹Ǿعȥ¹³԰ɣ֪Ķ˭㵽ײ
ҹĻʱʢٴƵУ㳡ȼ𣬻ϼϴõտƮɢ޵ڶ߸ϣ¥µĸ裬ȴԵЩĲɡ
£Ԫַһкõ¹⣬ЦԵĵ¹
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Ӧ뿪Ԫϸ̽ߵĵӣЦ˵׼ôýŮ
޻ûá޵ǺԸ̸⣬ת׵ϯϿ˿ʵ̫أô
̫Ӵ㣬ԪΨһĶӣĶ̫ӡԪҲǱϯϿ˿Ц˵̫֪Χ˺һֱܵģոѯ׽˵ȥˡ
ҲźһеԵʣʮֹأЩСڵ¶֪ŻȰųȥġ
޵˵ʺˡ
Ԫһ⻰״޵Ѿ֪⣬ֻЦЦûٶ˵ȴڴʱͼ첽޵һü˵ʣʹ紳ΧԾûץԳֻ»ǱˣΪ˸ʵİȫͣΧԣƼݻعɣ
Ԫûüڣ޵˵Ӱˣˡ
ʵһֱֽ̫̫С΢ӣ˭֪̫һڣƵȥˣԪæʹɫʾҪ˵޵˵һ춼ûҵʲôüĿԳ̫֮£Ҳ̫ӶԱ¾һТĵĻᡣ
뻢ĸ춼ǻʵָɣǻʵ۵ĸϵӲˣ޵˵Űʱ䣬ż
Ŵ㣬ʵ̫ӽԻΣ
ԵһֻҰáոձĸ׵һɫʶԼ˵˻ʱڽţûüϸ͵书ֻƽֵɱ̫Υ͡
ĸ׽ԵֻҰãһֻĵ¹ֻӣ޵˵վȥпĸֽֽ̣ʺ书򣬼Ҳ˵ˡ
޵˲Ѿߵ⣬˵ҪһߣǲҪš
ԪһգٿһãȻģɵõ㸸ʸ߸Χԣ˵ͣôģ
ŷӦæ˵Ƕ˵ˣĸ󣬸ʼȻ˻͸ѧ䡭
أԪ㸸ʲǸ˼
ʲô˼ʵ
ԪŴ޵ıӰɫѿ˼Ȼ˵ʺǿƣ̫ɺԼĶӣȴ仰
޵̤¥ȥɫɵó
Щ̫ҲҲ綨¶֮λСʱǴһˣ˭֪ȴƽӹһƽ˼ҲͰˣ̫ӣһôܷİѹҽϣ
οʺǿƣձȨ̫ӻԻʺƴӵģ£մ޻չ˵
޵ʶϷڽϲ鴦̰īЩ۲ɱϣ̻䣬ֶμıһһúãعҲԼһѡ
Ƶ⣬󽫾ֵأͻȻʵ۴˳æ񣬵£΢ˣڶ﷢һЩɵټȷʵ˴롣
أ޵ͣסӣʵ
󽫾΢ܣĿǰѲ顣
Ǿûץˣ޵˵ʲôʱн
΢Ѿ֣ŷֵĿټ׷飬󽫾æ£ڴ֮ǰǷҪͣΧԣ
أ޵˵ЩˣҪһ񡣡
̧ߣؿ󽫾վŵл٣ͣסӣл٣ô
л̫ǻʵ۵ҵʦΪԵʣлʱ빬ʥȻʱʵ۹ʣæ΢ʮǰѡ
ְѫвӵǲŻлŵڣӵǶ߿ƾٵ·ӣ޵Щ⣬ʵﲻ׼߾ҵ·ӣ
лٵ΢ǶӣǶ赶ŪǹЩȤ
޵ͷ󽫾˵лٸȥ顣
лҵӵܴ֥ѧĻϰ䣬ǰ;ʮֿڣл٣ǿãҲұš
лٸлֱʱͼ޵Ѿ޹ȥˣл߾  ôҲ޷ƽ
޵̤޹ʱܾĵģ˵ֵĹˣеĹ춼ƵУߣȴ֪ס£ųȣŲһȥ
ڰУڹǽ䣬һжһ˪޵ţתһ¶ţںϻϸӰ棬ؿߡ
ѾǼײۣǳɫĹװڴ̨ϣϴЦ⣬СֻŻѽεģûƬ̵İ
ͷȫ򿪵ߴ¹Ӱ͸Ƭкϣ͸Ļɫ͸İɫ˾ӵĹӰ㱵òˡ
޵ͣס˲ӣȴֲ֪Ǻãֻվԭء
ĽŲͷһЦԽģˡ
һԾӴ̨ߣԵʲô
һֻҺ޵ʶ˵
𣿡۾ؿҴûԡ
棿ûΧԣ޵ûôشȴƲ˻ȥӴ¶ʱһֻĺӣŸɫ⣬һֻ˾ƺͿӣЦ˵ллĿ⣬Ҳϵʲô⡣
ڴ£ĺӷм䣬Ϸһֻɫ̽觱ӣЦ˵³Ծ𣿡
޲ơ޵ߵǰǳɫĹװ·ˣ
ѽܹܸҵģ¸òҪŮɣ߿ʵ
޵һŮҲǸѡ񣬼ʱ
߼һ⣬³𣿡
޵ҡҡͷ߱Լˣһƣһ 
޵վĬĬؿƳ⣬ԵĺܿҲϸڴڵģԱ߿Ŷʳ޵ǰһ쵽ˣ̧ͷһʵʲô⣿
⡣
أ߳Ե飬ּһ顣
¹⡣޵ĵش
ʱѾⶼʹһ飬ż㽵Ҵûдԡ
ȥ𣿡޵ʶʵ

 44 

ɽ, ߸Ŵ޵, ̤ɫΧȥ
ΪŷʪѾʧ, ĵ׵Ĳȷȴþ޷ʧ, ߿ǰ桢ֱͦĴ޵Ȼ˵ĿǴӲ, Ȼû¶Եϲŭ֮ɫ, ѹȴǰδеġ
ǳˣҲǿĵ, ǰ, ֻǸˣȻſƻ, Ȥ, ƺҲֹڴˣȻʮºܸͣо, 鲢ûһչ
ǰһֱôˡѲȻദþˣҲִˡƢ, ɴ޵ȴûƢ, ޵˵ʱȥ֮⣬˶ºƽģһߵļ, ȫû̻Ϣ 
ʱͬʱȴͻȻ⣬֪ӦԼĳһȴôҲ²һ㡣
Ψһȷľǣʵ֮䣬Բ򵥣ʮר裬֮϶бĲΪ֪顣  
󣬸ô죿
߿סͣƬ̣ǰĴ޵Ҳ쵽ˣҲûо죬ʼûֻͣԼǰȥ
˵ף̫֮࣬ĻĵȴһеŮʵĽǰ;δ
ô죿
ߺؼӱޣƥСǰ׷ȥ޵ĺ촽űʵ˼Ѳ⣬ôͲȥ⣬ֻƾԼѾߵⲽվһߵģȻˣֻȥֺα̫࣡
ܿ׷˴޵Цӯӯʵ׼ʲôѽ
޵۾ǰ棬˵Ӳ磬Խˡ
һʱˣˡס߹ľ룬ţ£ҹģܿ𣿡
޵ǰ֪ˡ
ҲƽͷһҹԣѾйȥˣܲܿҲ֪
ϸ⼸ʮûйһʱµʱ
Ҳ̫ᣬһҲ֪˹ء
ֻһ̧ͷʱǰѾһƬƻͨԭµˣԳ֦յյһƬžһЦ̽˼ִ˵ǱŪģô󶯾Ҳˡ
޵һ˸ĵƹ⣬߲˵㵭Ц⣬أ޸ˣӳУôϢ 
߿һŵ嵭ЦݣԽǰƣЦӯӯô죿Ÿĵһͻȥء
޵Ŀǰֻٹһ˾͸ȫˡ
δ䣬ѾһԪ˵ǰ棬ɿ׷Զº£ôҲϳ檣
ֻһʱ𣬲׼󶯸ɸꡣ޵פ㣬ŹԪŵʺ󲻿𣿡
̫˵©ҹУʮֵģҹ¡ԪЦһָںأߣһ׷׷
޵һЦʺô¡
ӻ󣬱㼫ټ¶ЦݣԪ֪ʱӦƳߣЦ޵˵Ѿʮ겻ҹԣίʵЩ·İɣ̫ӵ䶼һֽ̳ģߣ϶ܸϵǡ
޵ҲƳߣغڱϣȻҹ䣬н̣ӦòʲôΣգǴ޵Ԫͷãʺߣ̫ʲôʱ׷
һޣس˳ȥԪһ󣬲ʱһƥ廨Ҳ׷˹ȥ׷ǣһȥ߽˴޵ıӰҡҡͷ΢΢һЦ
ֺõĹӣȴʺ˳ժˣˬĻʺֵʱҲˬء
Ȼе˵ʱԾɺΣգ룬԰ߵСڼ࣬ԼҶ̦С·š
ͷǰƤïܵڣ߽ӹСڼĵһգӭ۱Ƽ̦©һԴɫСɵЦƤ㶷
ǰܲ²йû˲ɣضźܶ㶷һû´
ŵ㡣
߰ѵСڼţץסƤ̯֦辣żһţȥֲǸ׳ķ㶷̣չҶƬɫǵСǶ֦Ҷм䣬һǮһϵȻƬﵽУû˸ǣء
Сʱ󣬴޵ԲȿǰŵС³Բݣһɼ£ճһСƬλƵĹȦȴˣ޵һʶؽߣ
ɼ֦ҶͻȻ̽һܽ棬Цӯӯķ࣬һΪ¶Ҳأ
޵ŵķסվԭأʵôֻһˣЩأ
Ҳϲ˸ţ·Ǳߵҡ
ɼֿ֦м䣬ǳɫĹױӳɫ֦Ҷǳǳọ̈̄ϴŵģҲһ˫īɫҵСЬӣǰҡţЬź޵ұҡΣһҲܰ޵Ҳҡҷ
һȻ뵽һܹ£ӦҲôɰϲɡ
ͻĻУ޵ʵʲô
ɷ㶷һòɫ˻ΣЦòã߿϶û˲ɹǣ
ԭʵķ㶷޵ƿĿ⣬һֱبͷɢһЩǰһ֪䣬ܹһ츻е˵ףһ޹֮ˡ
Եʲôϣҡֻ㣬Цӯӯ
޵ҡҡͷ˵ˣƻ̫̫֮࣬ͱߣһ񡣡
͵һЦ㶷´һһô»أͲܴôˡ
޵׹һʶȥӣѾ˵ϣȹܹ˼ֽ˵˵ôҳԵģƲһˡ
޲ûƲ㣬޵ûиޡ
ΣҵǰͣסָĲЦ˵ߵô죬ҿɲңһˤô죿
˵⻰ȴͻȻ̧ͷ¶ԵľϲʪģǲڳԭҲ
޵߲Ц⣬ǸûĥĺءĲ˵ⲻʲôܵĸãë϶źˮ
ģߴӲ֣һЦʱ򣬱²£
˵ģ޹ؽҪлû˸˵лˡ޵ĵɣô¡
ģд⣬ĶǻϲǱ½̽Һòã
ȴͻȻǰְֽһŮΡٴסͷ޵˵ʦ
£ǲĲ죬ⰵȥżʧ
޵ٿתͷߣȴڴʱĵ˵£ԼǱʲôˡ

 45 

Ĺּ, վԭ, ĿŴ޵, ͷҲص뿪, ϶˵Ļȴ׼Ӧ
Ц, ȥ⿪С, ǵӣܵͱ㴰ֽԲԣ
Ǿ仰, Ȼѿڶ, Ȼʱȴǲò˵ڴ֮ǰ, һģһõש, ˳ÿ˻ʵ۵Ĵţôʱͳ谭, ʵۿʱ뵽Ļǻô, ֻǻ, ڻʵĹУԶҲѲʵ۸Ԥĵӡ
οԻʵĹһ֪̫Σա
ûʵʶ, ԼһˣǸͣʮ£лᴳһ·
⿪Ծ˳·ĿĵţʱȻõã̧ͷʱȴǴ޵ȥ߹
£߻ϲؽһ˳СϼһޣɿŴ޵ܹȥ
޵ԶԶɲȻеôϲʱô죬޵вأҲϲ
СԽԽ죬ȴһ֮ǰһֱǻ߶Ҳޣܿƣһŷ־ȻЩ֪룬һʱ֪οٶȣʶקȴߵǰҡڣסͺһ
ſͣȼн޵ǰҪ˳ƥȥƣҪšš
룬̸ӣȽסСտʼҪʱһʱȴϣһ㣬ԽԽš
ק޵̧ȿסٶȣپĽ࣬ҪԿô㶼ҪˣԼ뿪
ʵƽȻһ˰סʹﳶסŬѹסҡڵĸоôǿˣСĿ½ӿܱСܣһ
ܺá޵ŴǰӭץסΣ߿첽ˡ
£̧һЦɷҺеӦôˣ˵ܿܡ
Ƶϣȫͬ飬ϢҲһֽࡣһ˲䣬޵ûбȴʱ£Ұԣ֮ûҲûйǰֻԼ
޵ڸӵɿ˵·ߣó·ԣСЩ
ߴЬĽһߣҲ̫ССȫûзӦԾµţ߱޵һЦʵǲҪʹ߲У
ЬУʹҲȲ룬˸һ˫õĳѥ޵ָ³һ£Ҫ̫Ӧˣٿʼ첽
߲˵꣬ѾһޣСۣһԾǰȥߵһߣʶɿץסҪȵ㣬޵˵ɣ
߷޵˲ϢѾԽһץססСһۣѾָƽֻôԼ
ߴӹ˼һЦ´ξͼסˡ
ʲôʱܶƥõĹߡ޵ʾսֵȥıߣıʵںµʱץסɿ
ã֪ˡһޣСٴδڳȥزܶôʼץѿƥķڰϣŵԽԽ
޵ظ󣬳ܺã
߿һЦ˵ܲܵǰȥ뿴ôģֲһͷ
αؿޣԼ޵Ծţ۲ĶֵǿӲЩҪƥ֪Եģһ⣬ͲϷĹ̡ܽ
ô󣬴СһԼ⣬ʱŴ޵ƽȵ˵һľƽԭǿദĸо
ͷҲֻܲǵ˵ã֪ˡ
ֱϳһޣŵס룬ץС͵ؼӿٶȣӰֻֻɫһ㽻űţ߿űܵľ⣬ֻ۾οסխխּСϱš
أеͷʧˣֻʣһ˵ʹ죬ϳһ㱡ҲеȻ⺨ĸоʵԣֻܼӱޣźڳǰ·ȥ
޵פ㣬΢޳ߵıӰǳɫĹװڵӰϳһĹ켣ɫ䣬ȴ˾һһ𣬻ܵģǰ濴ȥ·
ߣ֪Լӣȴ˸궯ԽҪ˵ģìܵĸо
޵ֿƬʱѾƹղĵطæһޣķɿ׷˹ȥ
ԽԽ죬Ĺ˦ǰ·ѾˣʶٳˣæʶС˵ˣǰ濴·ˣ
ĻСȴģһʱ֮䲢ܹͣ£ֻŬһ񣬱˶ͷһ֦Ĺ⻬ķٱǸϸϸ֦һȥʱҲѾɢ䣬׷ҵ˼ϡ
ͻȻЦקס˵ιûУҪͣ£
ٵӺ׷ϣı۰סƥ˵˵Ļ
ʵˡ
Сܿͣת޵һЦ˵Ҳ˵˵ţأ
޵ߴ˼ǳЦ⣬
߿һʱЩ⣬ŵô
޵Ŀɫϣᣬ㡣
ԾЦѽ
޵ŲŲ֣߱һԾûȱعЦӯӯ˵ܿòã
޵΢΢һЦá
һޣ˵һ˳ȥȴڴʱͻȻһֿסָڼеͷŵƻʢķȥ
߱޴Ĺ˦һлʵţܿѾסо˰ģŶߵķХߵӰӷһȥɵÿЦͷ޵˵ԭбڱָо
޵Ƭ֮ᵽ˵ģֻϵ˼ߵЦЩˡ
ټޣԽ磬תѾ˵ƻͨΧܵ˲ͣס˶̧ͷǣȣ޵ңңƼԪ̫Ӳվڵ£ͷһתס˿ֵ֣ܿתͷʱĵ·˹ȥ
󣬴Ƭ̣Ԫ˵ĸǡ
ҪˡԪЦҡҡͷܾû㸸ôˡ
޵ӱޣխխּС·ϱţһʱӰһʱֳƹղĵطܵ÷ɿ죬޵ȫעȻһУǰֻҲ߲ͷ·ЩѹЩڷɳ۵ٶ¾׿žΥ죬˫üһչ
ǰЦƺһж棬潥û޵Ҳû⣬ֻǳԼ˼Уƿƥķ۳ҡ  
ֱñЩᣬ̧ͷȥزգԭѾҹ޵ס˿֣ٶȣߡ
ûлӦ޵ͷͼǹ˫ճһԲĻȣŨܵĳëţҷϣѾ˯ˣֻȴץ
޵͵͵ЦǸѧ
45.1
ʱǲԶйţеŵ·յİ˪ͷƬ죬űǶᵽһɵ̴ζǰ£æ̧ͷʱĴ޵üĿ赭޹ȥ
Ȼ˯ˣһֱҹֲϢãʵ̫˰ģʹſеĹǡ۾£ʲôʱ˯ŵģ
˯һˡ޵ͷ޿˯óûн㡣
ȻһЦǲ˱µ£
ƳĺΧ̡ŮȴԵĹԱҲʺӰҲ֪ǻʵ˲ţЩ֪Ȥûиš
˶Ϊ֮£һٶ޵˵ҹѾ
Ҫ˵ͼһӺ½׵Ľ첽ӭΪ׵һ˽ϵźӧǽ֮࣬˷ʣл˭
ͻȻЩæͷٿֻͷ޵˵£΢ּѲˣѾҵɽ·˼öµĽӡ;׷顣
޵ãȥ顣
ͷֵ£Ǽö˵ӡлУξֵġ
лУξл̲סƳһۣŷлҲæֵͷ
޵ˣ󽫾ڴʱлٵĹֻͣΪԵģ޵ͷ۾л٣󽫾˵ˣô׷˵飬лٶŰɡ
ǣ󽫾æӦ¡
ȴڴʱֻл˵£һ󡣡
һ޵˵
ٹأʱֳģֻнһˡлٳ˵΢Ҫ򽭹һʵʱΣԱ׷飬׼
ߴһʱЩǧذת޵˵׼ɫ磬Ѱʵʱʰɡ
ȥҵһֻлٹվͷȴ̧ţһ˫һ۳ʶɢҵĳƿĿ⡣
һΣǷء
߽ţ̤ʯڵõʵ۵޹ǰȵľؽ߬ĳ˺߿Ŵ޵ʵţԺҧס˺촽
ʵۻ᲻Ҫҹ¡
죬գۼѾ޹ǰ޵վڵϿߣ
߬۾ҿֻԾһɲǣǰȴһʱˡ׵ģͻȻ߶һ̧ͷŴ޵
޵Ҳɫƽ¶һ˿
Σи߽һ¡
Щ޴ȥ¹޵˵̧߸ߵż߽޹ǰ
˼ǣҪţıӰһʱŸòøȥһźΪѣæߵǰѵԻطЪϢˡ
ԭʵۣȻĲҪš
߻Լסֹؽţ߲һ
ԭû׼á
ΧһƬž¹ߴ͸ڵϳһӰӣİβϣһǳ׵Ӱӣ˼׷ҡ
лҪģʲôѾҵµĺۼ׷ȥ᲻׷鵽ˡͷϣˡ鱻ʵ֪ˣνͣ
߿Ŵ͸ģǵƵİ¹⣬ҹʡի¹´ˡȵĺǿƵĽͷһæ˸ٿǵӰӡ
ȻУȴǲԾšѾ֪Ĵ㣬ǸһĻ˵Ѿ֪ʵˣʲôӦ
߲ɵ¶Цݣǵ¹⣬˼˵ˡˡһΣվˡ
һڣĵȴһ󲻰ʵ۽ҹûһʵ۵⣬أ
ʶס˫ϥɢı۰򻷱ţȴͻȻҹ޵֮ʱôҹ
еסˣģʶʵȻºͿɿԼΪ 
бԼüͷˡȻʵ۶ûŮ֮飬ΪʲôҪ
ںڰв֪˶ã¹Ӱһ㵭ˣ͵һЦɿȥ۾
ЩʲôĿľѾ˲ֺαȥܻʵô룡
˵ܲˮڣһֱ㻵ΣҲҲ⣡ 
׵͸ʱ߱ŮѣϴϺԴţͬʱҲ˴޵Ŀͣյ¹ֻ˲ڴš
ߴһЦˡ
ʱʵ۴ŽŮǰȥԵϢѾйСڴ޵Χȥʱ޷ӵĹԱ͹еͻʵۣĿ⾡ϣۣ̽мʡ 
߽һж̺ĴʵŵһֻССʲôΪЩˣҲò
ȨƵζԡ
ʱ֣޵סͷǰ˵ܺãԼһˡ
ԼˣЦȥץסԱСëһԾϣ¿ô
౵شߴţǸǶ˸ɫʯСسСܿͳ˳ȥ޵ţͼϸƥܵķ£ȴȵס˵񰰣ץԽԽѾܹƷ򣬶㿪Сһһ֦辡
Ǹ󵨵СֻԵ㲦ôá޵ʶ룬µŮжá
ԶԶأٴζһ֦辣˵ҹҾǱ֦һ£¿ܲȫȥ
δ䣬ѽؽһԭֻŸ˵ûü㿪һα֦ɢŨܵĺڷһ硣
޵¶Ц⣬ȥһѾڵϵķΣ˵
߻عɿؿһۣתȥ˵£Ҹһͷˣ
ѧĺܿ졣޵ͣԭؿǰţ´ٳʱӦþܸˡ
һԶ½Һòã
ʱ˵޵ߵЦԽԽеҲԽԽ
ôᣬôº޹ϸ𣬸жá
ʱ̴̧֣Ŵ޵Եĵ¹ʵ۴عСź棬Χֻ¹ͣǺ档
¹ϵĽȻѾȡ£ƤëϻմѪȥɰ޵ͷߣ𣿡
˵ԵţеŮУ˻ʺֳŵģ˸ԣŮֻҪѪһУֻҵΧſ˿¡
Ц¡
ϣľ룬ҡЦǰڼʱʲôŲţһץأԽǶԽֵǮʮģܸһ¡
޵ͣʵ벻ؼң                        
лҪ˵þûˣģ

 46 

ǧ֮Ľ, ˮͥԺż, ˡ䣬һ̯ľ, ȻٶԶǰ, ȻŬȴԾɲߡ
û˳һû, һѾʵۿ, ô
ˡеľڣлһ˿ʵѾһУ
, м¶, СѾ´й첽߽, ̽ɫ, ׿ʾӣǷԭƻǱйˣ
ֻһƬţˡĿǰľ, þòԽֻ֣̿ͷҲҳһ
, ˡ˵, ؾ
һȰȴֲȰֻ˳ȥʰ׼, 뱸ػʱͼˡʴҴֽдʲôԥƬ̣׻ˡ˵ҪߵĻôߡ
һ·ʮʱܵˡ±ʣҪѾֽдˣ´
֪Ȱסȴ̽˵ӣǽҪͷ
ˡһۣһæͷȥ˵
Ҫϵ飬ɸ봫ңˡ̧ȡ±Ϲŵķңüãٺһ磬Ҿͻ
ˡ첽߳⣬ȥʱһѾ
ôң
ӵνթȻӳģ
йС
޵վڴǰԸ㰲ż׵ˣ֮ǰؽҡ
ʱлУξѯ˵£ūžͲͽɽ
޵ͷֵ⼸죬ڱ۵Ӧòٰɣ 
ʮ֪꣬ӣʱɫūŲûʲôۡ
޵㲻˵ֻĿؿŴ⣬òŵ֮ǰȥ齭ҵЩˣǼ顣
ǰãʵͻȻּ׷ʮǰ뽭йص飬ֻǻһͻȻ֮ͣǰ鵽Ҳڻʵ۵¸֮һ棬ռߣֻ֪»ҪᣬʱҲȣֻǴǡ
κνչĻ̱ޡ޵
٣Ҫ֪ǲ롣
ߺ󣬵лָ˼ž޵оеԥ鵽Ľ뿴֣δ
ϸε޹ǺεȿϲȻֻǶ̶죬ȴҪߡ 
նԿ
޵üͷ°£㵹ˡ
ƫС
лٿԷ̵ĹŮ΢Ц˵ɷ鷳λЩīҪ¼Ļ
лٵûмŮӿԾܾǹŮȥˣһʱֻʣߺһЦʵҪʲô
лЦ⣬ǰһ˫һ۳ؿѹʣʲôԣ
ƿĿⲻȥʵ𣿡
ûʲôõģлٵΣôҴߡ
ȻģߴߴЦ˵ߣǶĺء
ߣлٵ͵ͽ֣㿴ңҪ㿴˵Ҫ
쵶ն顣̧ͷ˫ʣʼգҪģֻȨơԸǰҹ֮ҲֻΪ˽ӽʵۡ
лٿЦһ£ã֪ˡ
վ죬ˡ
̧㿴˵ģ𣿡
ûСϵҡҡͷһĸˣźûп˵ģ
лУξʵôˣܿſڴЦл˵·ԸҪǰѽ͵ҡ
Ѿˣлʵ档лһ֣תܹܣ¹Ҫɽ׷˵ټǲĻ¹Ը⻤ͽﵽɽ£ԴлԮ֮ꡣ
лȻǷĵģοֻ͵ɽ¶ѣлУξͣȻ׵
Ӻ󣬹ߣſɽȥлٲųߣƥ˲䣬¶ɫشӰȡһ˳С
ߴһǰлٷл·йʯͷµĶԭлپҲҵˡ
ʵ۰׷˵½߲һЦ˵˳ҵ룬ʱ򣬴ˡе鷳ˡ
ҵ·㴦˰ɣл۾ǰ棬촽ɼ΢΢ţͣƸӣǧСġ
ʶ·ߵװлٸǼɫۣʵۿ˶ǿΣ˵𲻱Ҫ鷳˳Ȼ
˵Ҽˡ
ÿ³һʮ֮գʱҶڹУ£ȥҡлٿǰԶɽĴţ첽ǰȥҸˡ
˲䣬͵ء
߿ͼȥǰ棬ͷڼ˵˼仰ŲһȥҲûлͷ߷³˵ء
ʱǰγ齱Է˵ȵ߹ɿ˵̫̫ˣ
ˣγһʲôˣ
ǰźڼּ࣬СؼңСĿɫӳܵ
ʲôγȫȻ֪ô£Ӧߣ׻Ǳһ˿ϣֻʵĸС㣿
ǲǸԷһµʵôǸȥ𣿡
ֿŹγڨڨ˵С㡣
ʲôγɫɷףôʲôʱ˹ϵ
ʱ˵Ҫ߻«һˣγôҲ벻֮󣬾Ȼǹʲô
Ƭ֮ϢѾլС⣬ɲصϢ꣬һֹڼ͹ŮĴӵǰĹŮǰһһҷһױˡ
˲Žŵ˳̧һӳܽޡ¶Цݣߡ
ȺУԷҧͷָЩģΪʲôƫƫֺ
ߴŹŮ̧֣ţһѷظں棬ʣȴֲʣڴʱֻͷڼ˵¿ͣ⼸ڼȺʥ͡
ѵȻܽγסˣĪΥ
̫̫վˣͷĺɽ´ߣʮһ䣬̫̫ȥɡ
γ˵ôˣʲôϷ
ȻһЦ˵ֻ̫̫ܴȥͺãʵģҪʡ
̧ǰߣ߲͵ģ˵ӽ˵ء
һƬѻȸؽ񣬿Ҫء
ҹ˾ڳ˯ͻȻоһĺ⣬ûü۾ϾһһֻǿӲֶסʺߡ
лҪ˵ǲ²ǲ͵Ĵˡˣ

 47 

, ˲, û죡
۾û, Ѿȥ, ᰴ˵ϣ˼˯˵ˡ, ôˣ
ˡվǰ, ֶʺϣʶҪȴֲ, ֺֻ, ܷܷʮָϣ, һһ, ָЦ˵ôˣô
粻̨, ҪΪոշֿãҪΪ֪һжδ󵨵Ů, ֮, £
ָˡɫ俴ǰˣʱ۾, β΢̵ķˮ壬˿ûо⣬Ҳ⡣˳Ĳϣƺһͻ۶ϣ᲻ãô
㲻˵Ҫôֻˣ߼˵ֿ˿ڡ
ˡ˵̧뿪齣ת·ߡ
ߣȥĶ߲ţֽϵ˿°͵¸ǺãЦЦʵ
ȥĶȥĶˡƽ
֮ǰһǻŭȻʱǣЩŭѹĵףȻҪ룬ֻҪԹԵظߣ֮ǰıѺƣԼ̡
ûϢˡãǲӦתʱ泯ﱳ˿ǵʵʵģû˼
ǵѹȥŭһ´ˡһһץ
˿ȥһѩɫĵϣˡ˫ĿƱˣʶر·ߡ
Ҳߡвֻ˵
ˡʹǰȵò̧Ŀԣסһһ˵ߡ  
ԽԽɫɫ߿ĺ޵׵Ԩȼһ𣬼ҪϯһУҲ
Ѿ˵£ڡֳڴˡǰľһ㣬ҲߣҪ
ˡЦһң˭Ҳޣ
𣿡̧ۿһЦѾ˻ʵۣʵۻ˵ͽҽˡΣ䡭
û˵Ļ˺ˡĺ촽
ħͻȻ򿪣˺ȻϢǵѹ˲ĨȥϵһУ֮䣬ֻʣӶĴࡣƬ̵Ҫƿǵ޼£ôˡԽǿңӲı۰ιסϸӣƿסԺ󣬱ӭĺͰ⡣
ڲ߼йʼʩҧȥɴˡзһֻס򥣬ʹò΢˺촽۳ңƷ
߽͸߹ȥͽ͵ķԽҪõ࣬ˡٿѹȥѹϡ  
˿ڵϣµɿˣʪӴŲʺͷŭݺݵصޱɫʢǰֻҪǰһֻˡ
ˡˡһȻſȴڴʱ̧֣
ôˡֻü΢һƫͷ̧߬סʹȫֱ˹Ʋջȥϸ΢
û˸ôˡŭȵ
ŭңյ۾ﶼʪ⣬˭ˡΪ˭˭ΪΪ
ˡһЦʱ뵽Ḷʲôۣ
ҲһЦҧ˵ǽװˣȡ裬Ȼһɢ
һɢˡӴڻУʱɢ˵㡣
ֻԼ̫С޷ǿ˶Կ˵ǿ㻹ʲô
ǿˡס޲ܽѹԼ˭ϣٰò˭Լҹ˭ڿҪҵޣ
װˣˮ㣬ŭƻ𣬡òᵱ˰ɣ
֪ͷβǳףȻѾݣˡվ𣬵˵ҵˣԣҲ뵱档
̧һϵɫѾǳףˡ֪ٲߣ߲ˡһȦסӯһյһֳ¼ϵ·ϣɿȥ
ˡҺ͸ֲĸоԾڷϢ˵Ҫҵᣬһɱ㣡
ˡ˵㾡ԡ
ţȴڴʱ۾۽һξӨˮ
ˡͻȻһȻζӱͣסˡ
Դߣʵҵǣ˶ָݵĻᣬҲںǣȻ˲Ը
ҹ̹ģһУȴԭֻһԸ
֪ǰǼ⵶Ȼֱʱ֪ѵöԼжۡ
ˡվƬ̣ת󣬽׻شϣ첽˳ȥ
пˣҲˣǰȴ峿⣬̵۾
÷֣鰮֮£ʴǶҩ
зһζˡϢѹţԾԺ䣬ȥڴʱǽǺͻȻڳһŮס½ǣ˵ˡ磬̫̫˵Ҹ磬Ҳš
ˡҲһֳۣ޴ŮļͺһˤڵأȴԷ
ˡֻԾԺǽ⣬ʱһ򣬺֮ôҲѹסæ̧һ棬ʯɫ϶ʱʪһ飬͸䣬ܿʪʪŸ첲˵ܡ
ˡԳһЦȴ֪絶ɫеҲ
ӽ֮ٲˡһΣģһɢ
ˡڳһλͷڵķ򣬸Żعͷ뿪
ԷУ߷ڴϣ̫ҵķЩҲЩٶۣþûز
ˡȻſ
û뵽ʱҲû뵽°ȴһ̶Ȼ֣
ģظо֮Ӧòٳˡ
Ҳáָһͨͷ¡Ը̫ˣӴ˲Ҳֽѡ
ţţϸŮͻȻ𣬸žһ󼱴ٵĽŲǰԶеߣţ
Էʲô
£Ьӣȥǰڵš
Էָո飬ǡʱˣ̫ͣЩһͷײվ֮ӭ۱㿴ߵĴ
΢˺ףˮӯӯˡ¿ȥĲϼۣ΢ɫ͸ޱߵ
ԷȻǺܶۿˡԺȥˡ
˲סԷòҪ
߿ʵ˵ʲô
òҪԷᣬ߷˵Ȼ˻ʵۣΪʲôֲŴˡ粻ţ
žһһϣĵķһоɢ߸ģȻһЦԷ㣬ܺ졣
лҪ˵һվcpమɱٺ

 48 

γտϢʱ, ԼĶ, ʵ˵ʲô˵һ飡
չͷ͵͵ؽղŵĻظһ飺Сū֪̫̫һ, СղС, Сѵˣ̫̫, 
ˣγһ, 첽ȥˣ
СųȥߵԺӣͷĵ, γȥ, ԼԷʵĿ߷ﴫæܹȥһ, ɵôһ, ͼˬڴǰԲ裬Է޵۾ףʰͰһһҰ϶, Ϸźۣǰ˴
γŭĵ˲, ǰһƿ, ˣ˭ĵӸô۸Է
Ƕȥ߷²յԸ
ѾŴ˷, γסԷʵԷôˣô۸ˣ
裬ңԷ޵϶˵һ⣡ҲҪˣ
γŭſԷתߣ־Ҫһƿ˵Է˵Щʲô
Է䵭Է㣬ĻſԺоôžôţҳ˵ǰͷԣǧҡո˵Ļٸ̫̫˵һ顣
γڿֻǾԷ˵Ļ̲סʵԷ㵽˵ʲô
ԷʱѾӦǾ仰ʮֲףȻϣֻʵؿţҪȥʲôҲû˵һң裬Ҫ
˵ϣԷ㣬ˡҡҡͷѹղԷ˵Ҽȹʵۣˡ
΢΢һЦƳ˹γһۣ̫̫⻰ҪǴȥҹȻ䲻ʲôôһӣҲˡ
γǳԾաΪŴˡԷѾ˺ܶ죬Ƽ˵ˡ׸磬ԷôţڿҪ֤ݣԷǸ治סµģʵ־ܸԹγֻҧ˵Էÿ޿ֵƣε˼㡣
ʱսֵʣԷһæҲﲻϣֻңγ֮£ڵ˼㣬ЩΪĴΣƴӣ˭뾹ַֻԼ˽ӣ
˽ۻʵѾο˵ʲô˵ˡβǻʵۿϵˣҪڼʱʲô˲ɲϢҾѲ˸ϵ
۾ʧγԷߣ⻰Ҳܻ˵ģԽԽûִˣһȥ
裬ۿˡԺȥԷû뵽ȻԼ߷߲ƽطֱҪ棬Ĵ
죡γס죬ˡˣֻ۾ܿԺٲ⻰
̫̫Ƶ˵¹һ˵̫̫ùסԷ죬´ΣͲһˡ
Ҳ⣡γð𣬶ݺݵػͷ˵ƴҲýһĸףҪǰָֻţ
ѽЦЦؿҰ̫̫̫̫úùԷ㣬Ǿˮˮ
γŭ޻˵ֻקԷţ̲סѵЩҳ㻹ʡģǻǸ˵㻹ǸС壡
ԷĵģǴ£ʱһĹγҲô˵ʱըˣ֪һ˵Ƕƾʲôʲôģ
γԷһƿɿˡ
ԽԽ죬һܻطڴϴ˰ҲγȰ뻹ǲģĨȥߵſڣγԸ֣Է˵
Է㲻ըˣǸҰ֣һûһ˳ӣȻ˶Ż۸Լã͸ԼҸ
ǰܴɽиϻʱȥγžߣſסүԺС̫̫˵ūȥһ
վסţһпԽԽӵСˣɣɣ˭뵽֮ǰǸѾͷͷվſڵţ
ѹ˵ҵ˸ռĲţ˵ԷǸʱˣһʬ
ԣԷݸǹγģѹֹγǰáǱߣҪôͲˣ
ˡ̾ô˵ܶӡ
Ҳáߵͷĸ̫̫͸Ժңɡ
ҡҡͷˣЩչ˵ͣ˲٣ҲǷҪΣͦãαΪܶ
Ҳáߵ̫̫ͣͲᣬҪǲ֣ͳͷѹѹ
룬ֵҪˣʮǰ»ҪǰѾȥϼϱȥˣ㲻ĻҾͰ˽л
ѽ΢΢һЦҲ֪ҵ˭
δ䣬⴫ʰС㣬үˡ
ɡæţЦ˵˳緹ȡɣһԷ
УܶķһȡɡЦһ𡣡
꣬ܿ첽߽ĸ˵ʲôأ
ЩҲ߸˿ڣһֱϽĸԽ׷Ӧ˵ڵ¡
ڣȻָЦŴȤǸտʼ˵һ㣬ĸʲô£
λһǧӰŮһϵͷƲƲ죬ڣһ첻һ죬¶ˡ
Ǹº͵Ůһϧžܾȵʵ˭㣿
ģôãϱĵ˵ġƤǳҲ룬ˣ㽫˵ʱ˭Ը󣡾ŮҲôΪһǧӣɼҵ涼Ҫˣ
һȥȰȰ常
ᲽߣѾǡʳнţϽסҪ˵ͼγѾͷææ߹˵үС㣬С·̫̫ϲãôүСȥӭʹ
߻ûڣ߾ѾЦ⡣·ʵô·Ҳ֪ʲô·
һ߰ɡ
ãЦ˵ĸȳţһͻ
ڽߣʵ֮ǰνּҶûȥʲôأ
ѹȴֲϸ룬ֻɽϣɻ˳´㣬𣿡
ͦõģЦ˵Ҳ֪͵ʲô·
Ȼһ֣εǡѹǾͺãˡ
ʵʣ̸ࡣЦҿ֮ǰּʱҪ·βû𣿡
ǰƷҪܵǶǰֻҪñ룬㰸ͺá
Ӻ󣬽ܱ䣬ߣ´ܺãˣҲˡ
ȻһЦʵһɫװ˺ƤСѥŮϲʽЩԼΪǰҹʵ˵Ҫһ˫ѥӣʵ۴ͦá
С㣬ү ʰ伱ر̲ˣ

 49 

һ·ܻطʱ, ͼе, ͷǺˮ˶Ѿ, ɫɷ, ȴΪϵŻǵͨ죬СѾæҵΧ, ֲ֪ʲô, ת
Ͽʱǿ̧֣ƺҪ˵, ȻûһҵŻ, ʲôҲû˵
˲뵽ǰʱҩɱĸ, ʱ, һĲȥ
ܸһʮֲãһʵô£ô£
Ѿ߶ŵɫ԰, ˵
ŷͻȻˣ
ղſţµĶе, ֪ǲѪ
ū澵°, ūһֱͷź򣬸ûнݣ
ܼ֮κͷֻߴܰȥ򣡿ȥ
ܰܳȥ, ֽסȥ̫̫˵һȥ
һƬУֻ壺ܰȥʰȥ̫̫ʣµˣұ죡
ܰʰɿ˳ȥ˶ʱֻϼѵĺŻܿ߱һĽƽڣ϶û¡
߿첽ߵǰԸˮ
æȥֱָ˲
æ͹ȥ߽˵ĸǺȸڣȻˮµĶ³
ǵǸҩĸˣһʼǱ͹ˮΪˮܰѶԳ嵭Ҳܴ£ûȷʲô֮ǰҲֻôˡ
æǰķԸչϣһ߰æıһ˵Ѹղŵ˵һ顣
ǡһ߻һ˵Сүߺ̾ͿʼԷû˵ۣʰȥ£ҪЩˮȵ㻺˭֪ûȾͿʼ£һ¾ֹסʰ㿴ŲԣϽȥСˡ
Թǵ˼ǳԵĶԣ׷ʵ˭źĳԷĸЩʲô
ʰūһ̵ġ˵̳˽ϣ˱Ѽӣ㵾׷˰ݼĻûüԡ
ĸԹĶ鰸ϣ߷Ըȥ˳˵ү˵ģٷúܺãźٷĶԺǮ
ææˣǰӽнӹϣϸĹ£ѼŶˣ˴κ˲׼
֪ܲҪʲôȴܵشӦˣææ˳ȥ
һӺ󣬳ȫԺγȴ˵ϲãϹһЦʱǣǸûйϵҲͰˣйأģ
ʱ󣬴ܰţײײ˽ʱѾˮȫˣ۾ֻǵϴ
ܰŴǰܼææʵʲô
߻ûüش𣬹γֵֽž˽һ˵ΪʲôԺӣúõûʲô£ʲô
û˵꣬ȿϵģʱڨڨر졣ԭû뵽ôأΪ߽£ʱһ鲻ãЩڡ
С㣬ϵƤ˿ּſɫüͷ˵̫̫֢״Ǽжüһ̫̫ԹùĶ
жܴһʶתߣúõģôж
γҲסˣôܣö˶ڼôж
һЦͻжһ˵֤ʵĲ²⡣˭ȻҪô͵ˣ
ָ鰸ϼķˣĸԹĶûʲôԡ
æȥ鷹ˣʱӳݼ̳һںĶȵ˵ڣĸеǲڶ
Ȼ֪ʲô鷳򾡿ĸⶾŴ񣬸תʰ䣬ʰ䣬ִܰ˵ȥѣûпɵĶ
ʰֻѹסЩˣֲţܰ˲㣬ֻһȥ飬˳棬˴˼ලƺ⣬ǹ
ԥſγʾγҩ֪ڶԺңʱ˲ֻڰֵķԸȥ
˿첽뿪һָպͰʳ⼸ˣһֿ󣬲ҪǴĻᣬ˭ģʲô˭˭ʢ˭͵ģм˭֣û˶
պͰӦȥ˳ӣһָ񣺡ȥ˳ϸûĶ
һָľ㣺ȥﵹĻûĶ
γڱϿţԽԽȣһŲãֵˮ©Ǹܼҵĺӣǰôû£Է⼸ڣγﾹЩ꣬Էôܸӣжð
ʱϺ˴ƵĽҩȻǿֹסŻ£ȴԲѣ̫̫ͣⶾµ̫󣬾Ϳܲѹˡ
һʶ׷ʵأ
ѾˣΪѵ˵ʣµֻ̫̫ܿ컯
ܼɫɷףʮֲ̣ǰȰñģĸ࣬µġ
һЦҲġĸҪǺúõģ㻹Ը˼ҳ꣬ĸи̣Ҿҳ¶ˣ
ԺǶĵһϳ£ŹǸֵˣ
γڱϿߣĸȥʱΣ鸴ӵ˼㡣
ǰΪɱĸ֮͸ߣ޲ɱɴʱģ֪Ϊʲô⾹ȻࡣٻؼҵڣȻǸԣȴûҲ£ʶ塭
γص̾˿ЩԹǱܺúദġ
С㣡մҴææ߽һ飬˳źˣֻбСǹ
С㣡ܹһֽڳҵͦǸ
С㣡ʰһ·СŽ̫̫Сⷿڣܿ˵Сһȥ
γѾסˣΪʮͷԵʣҩСⷿЩ֮ĳҩԷôܣ
ʶ⿴ȥͼһΪѵظʰ߽⻰Ҳϣֻһվͷ
γͻȻ˲õĸоʵԷùڣģ
ܿ˵ֻбСȥ˵ҲһǱС㣬ܿҲûۿСöҲб͵͵ȥҲδ֪
벻ǣ˴ʾ֪ˡһЦѺԷ                    

 50 

Ŵ, Ҳ, 谵ķѹ֣վڽ, ۾ſֹԷ, ǿ̾ȷ, Էġ
γȴ, ʵԷ˲ڣǸʲô
ԷѾ˵ϵΣʱһ߿һγ˵, , ûãҸ޳ԹģҪ
Ա, ﲻԥ, Էϵȷԩ޳ôͻȻȥοһôܻẦ, ô¶
̲ס˵ǲӦٲ飿Է¡
Ƴһۣ˵ǹǸĸ, Ǹҵ, ĸֻԷɺǹ
￩һ£˴ˡ, ЩԷߵĵ⣬Щû׵Ļڶʱˣƿԡ
ǰһԷһһ˵Է뺦ˣҡ
ԷֻŹγ˵裬ѽңû
죡ͻȻ̧߳ϣֻ޿װҶģ
Էĵķߺ޲һ˲䱬ᣬģֻãȻûҩ㣡
ʱѻȸãγ˵Է㣬㣬Ϊʲô
ҾƾʲôСôãƾʲôŴˡţƾʲôҪڽŵ£Էһϣû˹˼ɣǸɨǣԴˣʲô鶼˳ˡ綼ңģ
γǰһڣŶͷ˼ϣǲţʵԷô֪ڵ÷
ǰ˵ǸжҲҪҶԷ߷˵ҽȥⷿȡԪ࣬ڣֽȥȡ𻨸ʱ򣬶
ݺݵضߣֻûҩ㣡
γЩιȥжƺãһֻһ㣬ͷƫҪõڣԷСж߹÷ԷȻͷ
ţ̲ס˵ԷȻ֪ˣΪʲôЩ˵Ҳĸⶾ˼ôͣôڣ
ֲҪԷ߷߲ƽ˵˭ȥ
죡γʱµ˼㣬ܶҲԷҲǹҪǺܶҲô𣿡
ҡԷһʱȴǿ˵粻û𣿡
γֱԼĶ䣬ǧٳŮô˽飡
ȴڴʱֻߵ˵̫̫׼ôԷ
ҡγʧҲܵػԷﲻûҲû£ֺαͱˣԷֻһʱͿˣԷȥǡ
΢΢һЦ˵ⲻǣǡ
Էɫƽĸû£㵱˸ĸͷţٲ̤Ұ벽ĸ£㣬
ΣԷŲ˵Ϊ˭ƾʲôң
γֳ֪ȥԷ䲻æסٳ˵ģﲻ£Էˣһ
ֻ߷ʵ
γԥһ£ʵͷҲС
ҲҪԷȽ裬㲻ôƫ̻¶Ӧøȵģ˭ûȣ
죡γͺһû˵ķݶ
ߣ˶񣺡ԷͷģС
̫̫߳һЦԷϳȥҾ֡ 
㻹γһٸߣҲýһĸףһ˵㣡ﲻ£Էͷ¾ôˣ
ΪŮıĸﵱ߿䣬 ̫̫ΪҲ֪Է˭
֪ˣγҪг֪ϳ֣ûе֪
ǿ˵˵ʲôԷǿϾ֣ʲôŮĸġ
̫̫Ҫ˵ĸ׵𣿡ƳԷ֪˭
γһû֪϶֪
룬ѿ˵ܶȥԷȥ
Աһͷˮ̲סʵ˵ʲô
ǳȥȥγЪ˹ؽԷȥţȥ
ܻ˵߿һۣȥɡ
һ˲ȥΪʲôҪ˵ʲôǣ֪ʲôֲ֪ʲô
ȥɡֵĸûˣȥӦŵ㡣
ܲΥ˼ֻקԷصسţ߹ȥ˨ǰɸһ㲻ͣĹγ˵̫̫޽ҺӣԴΪɣߥŰѽ̸Ϻү̳оλ̫̫˸˳𣬺̫̫Уһ̥˭֪µȴǡ
γ͵͵ؽ㲻Ҫ˵ˣ׼˵
˭֪̫̫ģȴԷߵ˵Ǿ仰
γǰһڣڵأֻ૵˵ܣܣô֪
̫̫Ϊ˱סλʹһ͵תԼµŮ̥˱˼ҵ̥ߣÿһ䶼ùγ־嵽˼㣬̫̫᲻ԼŮԻѳԶֶŮؼţ׼޸̥ķˡ
һŮɶϱȱס˾λҲ⣬̫̫һֱԷ⽿ߡ߿ɫҰܵĹγǲε񣬡²֪ĸҲ֪ĸ۸޹˭֪ȴ
γһͷʵҲ֪
֪˵̫̫ûĸôĳĸ£ԷĸͦԷߡ
γ˲ñģ˵ԷǽҵĹ⣬׽㣡ôί㲻ô
ίԲʱںʳţҿίߴ̫̫˵İ죬ҾͰ½ҳٰԷ¶¸ȥš̫̫֪ó
Ҳսôʲôôγ˹ס½ǣԷ׽㣬ǹ飬һأұ֤ԺҲˣ
飿Цһһ̫̫ҵ˭׸ʲôޣ˼̫̫ôģΪʲôҪ뿪ң£̫̫ܰЩʵʵ˵
γ˵һֻץ½ϣȴǶãô֪ô࣬ô֪ô࣡
˵ֻǿ̫̫Ҫˣʵ鶼ң£ҴӴ˾˵
ĸףãţϲؽеĸˣ
߳һû˵һƬž
ãγʵģҶ˵ԺңԷʵǺܿŹòã
ߵǾ仰ͷȻߡ
γ۾ʱһƬȻãӽԷٲ̤һ
վߣ˵ҸһߣңԺͽܶ

 51 

ҹ, һŹγԷ, һĵ뿪˽, , γûдκη̵ˣΪԼĸŮѡȥ, ǼʮĽҼ, ֡⣬ǽгիٳ
ϰڲ, ʵû֪ܶɣ
, һ߸ιҩһߵ粻֪, ̫̫, ӦҲԷ˵
̾òŵҲá
ȻӣȻС, Ƚ˽ԷǾýܸ׽
룬ֵҪǶ, Ǿ˵̫̫ͷ, ҪȥԷȥźģжҲס, ֪Ҫ߰£һ׷ġ
ҸҲ׼ôͷ˵ߵֻܰǼѾͷ֪飬Ѿѵˣ©
ǾͺáȻѣ͵˾ڣʱþʮֲãһںʣµҩ֭úܣ˯ˣҲȥЪŰɡ
߷˯£СĸҴñӣŵ߳ȥһ̧ͷȴվĿãոĸ˵ʲô²֪
֣ܵظоԣ˶ֻڹ͸ࡣ
ߵȻĸøֺ֪αΪѣ
ܿЦһãҲΪá 
ε˽ᷢ£Ϊȴû뵽Լ¶һ֪ʲô
߲ٶ˵ҵĺϣŻصԼԺ̨Ϸһ軨
ˡӦòٻˣҲ֪ûблٲ鵽ڽ֮ǰҪѰ׵
ҹɫʱȥԺسˣСʲôԸ
˵һ⼸췽ĻͰҰͻؽңߵǲ㣬Ҳ˵׼ӡ
ˡһ뿪ʱѾһ𣬾Ͱϵͻ밵Ը̾лѾµĽӡԼСġ
æлֻҾҪԺӦò㶢˰ɣ
ͷ˵ӵ£²ҹʡ
һȴҲ벻Ҫ˵Щʲôòŵȥɡ
ܿʧҹɫУվԭأͻȻһ㱡
ǣӦģһɢӴû壬û˻ûŭʡ
ǣҲû˻ʱڸһԸ
С㣬ʰҴүķ
ǽĵΪ˽ĵ¡߹ȥʱӰһ͹ˣ˵㣬Ⱦİɣ̫̫һʮͷҪ޵⣬ʮ㷢ȱȾɣ
æ˵ 
ôѹſͷ˵Ҫûа취Ҳ鷳Ҳүٴү˵ѣﱻףöױѰ£Ҳ⣬ôܺİ˰б¸˵һ仰ү̫̫϶ҲӦˣ
ϿŮ̫࣬ܰһһȻȥ취
һ磬ָ˵˹γԷȥ־£ȥʣܰȴţү̫̫ҼСǹȥ˵
ָ϶һۣеͷԣʲô
˳ʱУʱһ񣬵常мҪǡ
ϲƲƲ죬ҲǴ˻ʵۣҶųô˵ôͷ
߿߾ʹЦֶŮ˵常һϷң£˰ɡ
ǺӣôͲʹ죬˵ʲôһСܳµ£ҿ뷴ˣ
ҲʲôϾҪЦЦ˵
ôˣ˵ûТˣܶųָֻˣ
ӵŮˡ˵ãĵķӵһ֪ĴɽϷӣҲ䣿ǴȥضҪҵǰ̣ǺΪ
Ц⣬ɫ䵭ף常ҪһߵڣôҾټˣף
˵껰ҲʲôӦֻˣֻȴеﷸֹʵô죿
Ȼף߽ɫ˵ףǻһˣһٽ٣ֶҲֻܵˣ
ڶʱдµּ⣬ǲӭߣԽǵĻʵһͬع
ԭΪ߻ᱻӽѡȴѡһһϲ⣬ƣһ̾ǳ
ֺԭԥϢ̻ˣܿ˵˽ĵ£أƸ񶼲Ƥ
ѾʰܴҴãϵˣ
ˡȻİѰͻˣ
һ·ܳȥϵߣԶͽ
ǰס޻ϲᡣ
ҹ󣬷ŽԺлп˵ض˹Ǹõģʲô¶걻汻̫̫˶үһ沨йæĲûҵ· 
һʶ˵ҵˣʮǰҲں
Ұ걻Ƿָ̫̫˶үٺּ̫̫ңҲŸŹȥġ
֮ǰһֱʮǰˣȻͷľˣæʵںʱû˵
ҡͷûС
һʧʵôǲǵʮǰǸ꣬иѾߣǰӶĸˣֽ㣬Ƥ߱۾׾ǿһź룿
˵ôˣֲж㣬˹жӣǵ̫̫ҵ
һ֮ǰҵҲ˵ôˣû뵽֮оȻõ׵
æ׷ʵﻹǵöӵ𣿡
˵ֻ˰ͱ̫̫ˣ֮ԼǵΪʱģҲ͵͵ȥ̫̫ҵЩӸɾҲͦģҪʱɵĻҲ˭֪Ҳˡ
֮æӵĺӣ𣿡
ûʹӣӵĶӸ£ǸŸӣȥˣԲɻʵϵ
ӣסˣǸӣô˭׵Ķӣ 
һ磬ֹǰСͳ⣬泵˵ȴϵãǶղ֡
ַ˳һأֱ˵̫ҸСǧҪڱǰ
лҪ˵³׻ͼˣ~

 52 

ֹ뿪, ڽĻʻ, ¥µһʱ֮󣬳ԶԶ滺Ĺ, ʵˡ
ߴһ, ţ, ͼ̵, Ǽ๬˾ɡȶ߹ļߡԲǼЩׯص壬Щֵͬͷ, Դʱֻʿ, ԼղýǰȴûΧ, ͱΧˮйͨ, Ȼûпʵ۵ӰӣѾʼꡱꡱĸߺ
ֹһֹͣ, žͼ߹ܵ᣶߸߾¶ʵŵò, ߲ɵþ, ԶԶһõЦݡ
ԶʵȴǾ쵽ˣܿķһ, Ŀ֮ʱЦԽʵ΢΢ףƿĿ⣬ǰȥˡ
⵽ϻҪ£ڲ¶ţͼһڼӶܳ˵
¥ʻƬ̺йĶ飬֮ǰȥڶĳװεĹ˵ۣȻӶģ˴ӳķ϶߿ţз  
Ͼûʵ԰ţֳϸ빬ˣǰδС
һʱ󣬶Ӷڳǣµµشĳţߴǰչڣǰδеİǧذת֮ˡ
ֵҪȥֵ̫͢סʲôΪѵ£ٲѰ̫
ֻ˵ڻʵǰȴû˵ԭ߲²ŴԼҪȼ̫Żϸ˵лָ㣬ִ̫ʺá
ִӦȥˣڳźͣסżСڼҴ߹
һСڼһ³ǰ·Լǰһ߶ĹԺҶš֣ʵ۵޹߲ɵͣס˽Ųǰ
ˣűͣͷЦ˵ֻܸ
ӣҪȥʵ̧ۡ޷߸ߵż߽С
ǰкعԶָ䱧ã໰ֻӲߵĴһıã˵Ժס
һƣһӣʰôϰһ̽Ƶķֹϣǽǵİ״¯Űٺ㣬ȻǸŮʰӡ
ֻǣ˵׼û˵סڻʵ޹˵ŮŮ٣Ǿ͸Ӧֿڿֻʵ۵׼ΰ
֣ºŵһԲԲ۾ķ¹Ůæǰָ˵ݺʹʲô飬ֻܴȥС
ݺһ񣬸ŴСڼӹţվ˼ؿƺлҪ˵ﻹʲôҪʵ𣿡
ȻһЦЩ׵ҪܹܣǹλҵʱҸô˵
ʵֻס£Ĳûһʱ֪ôشԥѾʵ۵˵޵ġ
Ѱȥͼ޵ѾһǳɫϸִӺ߳ӿϲǡ
һϲܹȥԶʵ£׼ôң
޵ʶҪȴͻȻվסˣҴҵظһЦӯӯ˵ء
޵ǵ㸴ӵɫͱǳЦ⣬ûˣʱ񡣡
⻰ʲôţȴһرĴ˻йڶոսĽŮǰ;Ӧǲˡ 
ߺܿߵ˴޵ǰ˵ҪţôǹŮ𣿡
޵Цй̲סһĽΪӣҪĴֿɵãֻ޵ʶʱͰĺȴҲ޷סġ
ס
޵ǹŮ
ޱ鷢һҴضͣΰ㣬޻ûã£ˣ͸㡣
ûãô˳ȻˡߵͷȻһЦµġ
޵ҲһЦȥʰɣ޴ͷ£ٽ˵
ҹʱ֣޵һѹӣҪޣ˵ĻԭѾˣʱȥ
ĿʶұһѾˣȲӦѾ˯ˡ
޵ǱȥĵԼЩΣʲôȴ˵
ڴʱͻȻ೤ʱˣ
ԭû˯޵ǰվҪڽûУֻǸݺĹŮūʮһ걻ѡѾˡ
żֽҪ˯ľ˵Ůǲǵʱ˾ܳؼңﻹʲôˣ 
ݺﻹиĸֵܣĸū˵ҪȵʮԺܳأż˶ܺúõģȥһžۡ
ߴ˸ǷȥҼҲиĸ֮ǰղһҲ֪ôˡ
޵ϣ˵ǽǸŽһ£˾Ѿôĸ飿޵뵽ٹ죬ҲҲԽԽ׽أ
ûѾ˯ˡ
޵վԭһȥôҲ˾֣ҪŪ˵
ʵʲôչ
鵽һЩ£ͷ˵ĸˣɥ뾩Ͷͬĸĵս˷ˣҲԭҾ˹γĸףڹ˼ҽסº뿪
꣬ʮǰһ³ġ޵ʶʵΣ
дԣӢ˽顣
ӢͣӦǹγĸף޵ܾ֣ʵӢǷˣ
δ˹ʱһӢʫ磬ھЩ
޵ͻȻ˵ˣڶʱӢʫ磬ʫķ˹ӢǾӡ
뵽Ѱò޵ͻȻÿһ˿Ƿʵ
ʵҲˣǼٵģ·ϼ£ֻ»ǹӢ˵˽Ů
ͬʮأ˶£Ǹпܴڵģµĺӡ
޵ᣬ첽߽޼䣬¾ޡ
ȴ̲ס뵽ǲ²棬ô¾ǹγͬĸãô£뽭ľĹϵɾ͸׽ˡ
Ҳ͸пܣڽ֮ǰʶľ
޵γڽң
ڽңΪಡǰȥҵļ־ȥˡ
Ѱ֪֪ʲô޵Ը
лҪ˵ʰ󷨣

 53 

îʱ, ʺĶ밲ʱ, Ȼֻ˵ЩлȴոʥһŮӡôһ, йʱʵͬͬ, سʱͶʵǲȥӣ빬ͷһ컹ڻʵ޹ҹ, ּ, ˵ʵ۴ʮֲͬǸδʺʲô̬ȣ
˶ű, óû̽̽ʺĿڷ, Ȼҵ㣬ֱл˵Ĳ, ûͷһ
Ԫλ, ˵ɫ漴ָһ֦ˮԸŮŻ, ȡһ̸ȥ
һţЦЦںߵˡǰѡģ빬Ҳû̵޵Ļ, ֻΪĵϵ, Ҳã»⣬æ˵ʺ, ûܸȥй˵´Ǳߴ˸˻
һͷʣµּԪֹ֪⻰˵ģһϲлݱЦ˵Ķÿ죡Ǵ˸˻ȻȥйǼӲʹûȥȴûۿ˵ģ˵úһλˣɣۿģҲǣ
ЩͷǸߵģ̾˿˵úް˵Ļ㡣
ȷʵмơڹԪ׵ľͷ˵µģԼΪģԴް֮󣬱һֱѻи˽ɢɢģҲǺõġ
Ǵ޵ڶʱľˣȹԪһ꣬ϥӺӣҲ赭ϣںдӲɣһֱһʱڣԪҲͷ֮ǰҾҵĹΪĺɽҩԵɺ˱£¼Ӧ壬ԲŽӽУҰڸ
ǻཻɫﶼǷᣬʲôҩĸҵĹɽҩǱŻʵȥģɺ޻ʵƫƫͳһףǰ˰޹סţδ̫û˵
ǱﲻסװģЦ˵ôڸˣû˵ء
Ԫ΢΢һЦ¾ǹء
ԽˡǰиĻЩһҲѵüʵһΣûˣ˶î˾Ҫʵ꣬˭֪ʵ鲻ѣżȥһ˻ʺĶĶҲûȥȻﲻʹ죬Ϊ˴˶ˣҲ̫ѰͻȻһûʵעĿģǰǵɧһӱȫˡ
ȻǾ仰ѶԪЦ˵վѡӣﻹһˣԸ񽭼ҹһΪ½ǰɡ
̲סʵŮǲҲҪѡһ⣿
Ԫ˲ֻµ˼ɡ
˼˲裬֪Ǹˣ׷վȴʱǰ֦ˮĹŮһţ߽ţū澸ʺ
ȤæЦٳɷˡ
ЩԭԪ⣬ֻʵһõţõĿɺã
ǹŮȴ뽭һõš
ǰֻ˵ʵ۴һ㣬ȻŶһˣЩѾ׼˵Ƕʱûߵ˼һŹԪͼԪЦҲãŽƶҲܶһ㡣
˶ʱûͷɺߣ˶ˣԪ˵пȥˣǸʲôƢ
˰ͲһæӦԪȥɣͷ˵һ
Ҳˣ¹ù÷ŽţԪһţ￴ţһᣬǿһͷǸЩƫƫλϲ֣
֪ӵ˼һ򲢲ôЩϣЦ˵ʼ죬ҲͰˡ
˵׵İ˰޹ʲôԪʳǰߣҪ˲ˣҲиĿԽô׵ظţԽ˾ûס
һ߸ˣһߵûСݣܹܲҲһ仰ˡ
ԪЦ£šһСţţҲǡ
Ⱥãԭ䣬̫ӰЩ˻ûѺЩŮ˷ȻȻһûѾͷʵͣʲôԭҲ⡣
ֻǳ˼ڣԪȴ̲ס룬ʱҲ֪ôԵķ
޵Űںƫζ嵭ʳҲͳֻһ̾࣬ţ˿ӣ۾ȴƼСǰ˫Ƭ磬Щ÷򡢵֦֮ۼһн޵ЦЩǿԵġ
߻Ȼ򣬡ֵô¡ǰʱҲ˵˼ҳԷʱһֻԵĲˣֻû뵽
˵ţȴǼһ֦ҧһڣЦܳԡ
޵еĶۼģʵϲ𣿡
ѽЦŴӦһڳ֦ȥҧ÷ĵСʱᣡ
޵Ц
̧ۿɫ̽ŵĵ÷ⶫǰ裬ùź㳷ȥҲûԹԵȤҲһһڣãǺᡣ
ҳԲᣬЦӯӯԽԽãJģҲܳԡ
J޵ظһ飬¶Ц⡣
Լо׻˵ȤǼеĸɫۼӣʵһJ
ۼ嶬߼һŵǰûùС˫͵ʳǰЦҪҪ
޵֣ǿ鶬ͽУϸϸһȻ㣬Щ۵ĸо˼㡣
ԭJ޵Цпɡ
ϲۼӣңǡǡã˻ԼСǰ£ǰÿθϼʱҰʡǮһ
޵ﲻЩ˵㰮ԵĻŷͼޣҪ̫࣬ʳƢθ
л£꣬һ
޵ǰʳּһʳõģԼ˿ڣҪȥϳ԰ɡ
£վ۰Ͱ͵ȥϳʲôѽ
޵һЦ޻ 
һڣ־⻰ƺˣ㲻ٶ˵ֻ̧ȥ
ȴ׷ϼʲôʱ
޵ʶͣ˲ӣȴͷֻʵô
²ڣһ˹ƵģߵЩòã
޵ôôȻǡô಻ٵģ˷УֻϲҲ˵ģǡǡõۼӣңȣ
޵ת˵ãЩ


 54 

޵ߵʱ, ԭ糯ܻ֮, ֪ոɢյ, һ, ˵̰īĹؽڡڽҪͷҪʺĶĿ˽½, ޵˲ϱ, ̴ĸϸϸһȼ׵©ָŵ, ѾʱĩĹ⾰
Լǵȵĺ˰ɣ޵, 㴫˼߹µĳϡ
һ, µҪʱ, æ£ȥˡ
ֻǵȴ޵صʱ澲ĵ, ߵӰӣ޵˼ߣʵأ
ѾԵ, , ԰ȥˡ
ʹһˮӶ߻룬ֳɼɴԷ, ߻һסĹԷˮŵƽڻľУȡɽˮ֮⡣԰ǸߵһС԰԰Ҳһˮַɫ棬Щ㶼Ǳι˵ģһӰʹչŪǳǳˮ˻ĽɷǺÿ
СҰ޾ģҲѹϲЩ޵ɫҲõŵʱˣֻ棬ԼѾǵŵˣýһ¡
ѵūʹȥ뽭
ء޵ȥ
ֻ԰ȥԺһֵ֣ǰǳ޵ߵָǰһŮһʵĸĹŮôȥӣй䣿
޵Ŷüʵ˭
λϣȻҲбµģĲ˵ЩƷߵͣϳæ˵
޵һʱ벻˭űߵҲǹŮ
ȻҪʣʲôˣ
ߵЦ˵µġ
޵ֺţ߲¶ǳЦ⡣
֮Ըô˵ʵҲΪ֪ΰ˽˵ʱ̬ɣ⻰һ˿Цζô̹Ȼڱǰ˵÷Ŀϲɰ
⻰ôôģȻǲŵģԪҪһԣ̧Ц˵˵ûһʵˣ죡
޵ʶ˵ס֣
һûͨһžŮǴ˷ļ˴˵ôĵӣڹжִˡ
δһУ˾ʧ˵ʲô
޵һת֣ȿץһڣվڳϣƺҪȥĳһŮʪܵˮվӦǱȥģ޵һ
ҲͷЦˣ
ҪƿߣҲ޵£¾۸檣ҪƳȥ
޵ûڣѾ˵ʱһѰ˳ײǰȥǸŮҳһţֿ¡
޵һ¡Σ֪ķΧڣŮǻƻί񣬻ˣָСֶﵽĿģǣ˵ֱӶֵģͷһο
ҰѱǣҲʹ졣޵Ц
߿첽ߵǰƳҺ£˭ѽҪˣס
ˣ˵ף޵Цʵû°ɣ
û£򲻹ҡ߿ˣֿ޵ʵǱµ𣿡
޵˳ĿӳվˣŬ룺Ӧ˰ɡ
һЦˣԻʵ۵ŮѾൽԼǲˣ˼ֵ٩˵λˣԺӦöڱǰƻƣñ¼סźá
ԽԽˡ޵Ц⣬˵ǰ
ߴӦţȴֻЦ޵ҲЩסȻ࣬۾ȴ¶Ц⡣ΪʲôȻһҲǲأҲŮˣ̫ˡ
Сڼְ˽Ŵˮˣ˰߷ѵżʵؿ߿ޱ޵˵ۿŵģѾͷ̫ˣȻҵűµ購檣һҪ
޵ʱƺڻʺˣȥʺҲ֪һ
˼ԼĶ䣬ô𣿻ʵۿۿȥİ
ڼǴĿɿڴˣ޵ߣתߣ߱ߣµĹ¶ˣ
ˡ޵ʵʹأôһš
һģȥȡͷι㣬ߵǰŸߣűλ˾ˡ
ȻҰѱʱһһµˡ޵´βҪԼ֣Ѱ޾ͺá
ûѽ˵һ°סˣһһô죿ߵƩղţҪǲ̻֣ɾҪĶˡ
һҲϳԿƢ޵ͷʵһ˶࣬ô죿
ùʹ򣬡ͼ鶯һתˮˮ򲻹ܣ֮ܳԿ
޵Ц⣬޲Կʰˣ
ѽ۾һҾ֪¿϶ҳ
֮ԭҲûܣο޵ûнֹϢݣһʱ԰һĻѾм䴫ˣ˵ͷɱ㱻ȥ񣬻һµʱ˲²ⲻ˼ƽĽŮȻǸУ˭뵽ոȥһһһģһأ
ʱ޵ȥ˹ԪĶһţ˵տʱãȻ벻ա
Ԫ²͸Ҫ˵ʲôǰѡģԴ̫ؼҵĹȻçײЩ˻ʵ
Ц޵һ㣬ҪǲʵĻҲ꣬նǲס
޵ͷǴʵһѡɲأ߲ҪôźЩ˾ͺܺãѡ㣬޾Ͳѡˣһɻʺ֣Щ׵˷߰ɡ
Ԫһʶʵ²ѡˣѡ
ֻ̫һһ淣ӡӲλҲţʱʺ֣Ǽ࿴ĻҲȥһۣ׵ķ̰ɡ޵磬ӹˮڣʺˡ
ʵߺ󣬹ԪЩزΪǵˣͻȻѡˣ޿ܣ
ضΪǸߡԪȻѡҲûʲôøУȻΪһĪŮͰѡ㣬ȴá
Ԫйĸȥ齭ߣŲµķӣһһʮģȫ
лҪ˵ûӢ۾ڣֻײеشˣ

 55 

лٸڽ󽫾, ߽ʱ, ߴһ˫۾û, ֻұ߱߹ȥ, лپã϶
ĿⲻԽ׷Ӱ, þ᲻ջ, ˵ʵߣʮ׺׿ڸ, ҪֻȨ, ȻĻ
̤ƫʱ, л, ֻ󽫾ʵۻ£лУξѾҵ˵һŵ㣬ھϽʮĻҶͤ, ֳµĺۼԼʮǴͣ
޵ʵҵ𣿡
󽫾ʱûˣ΢Ѿڸ, һ˵Ķ, ܻ̾񡣡
޵л٣л٣֮, ʲôˣ
л룬Щѵأһ·µĺۼʮޣζ㶪ʧټҶͤǴլԺҲҲκмֵΪЩ˾ں֮ڣмǾʿ
ʿ޵ʶ뵽ձȨַˣ˼ûҪôô˭ʲôĿģƬ̣Ϊʲôô˵
лٵͷЩԥҶͤǴլԺµʮ٣ȻǾʰģǣȴھҵһš
֪ģܾǸŸʡիеʮƣȻ²ȴǲ˵ģˡʽҴˡʱھУҲ벻ˡʲôҪȥĺɽй
лٳ˵ĺɽֵĽӡһöȶ֮ȷϷˣӽӡȥͷֲӦһ飬жʿ硣
ڻҶͤǴլԺзݶѲû꣬ҲûȴзֳСװŵҲ˵ɣ΢ЩЩǾʿߣžеĹعġ
Ǿʿ˭޵ţܺã׷飬Ϣޡ
߳ʱ󽫾Ц˵¶ǹעлУξԤУ½
лǫѷţȴ뵽ǸʣǸţʶķܾúˡǲ
ǧ֮Ľϣˡ߽ʱĹߴ̼ۡ
ǽ϶̨ͷҲ촰ϻȼգǽ֧Ĺ໥ӳգҹȰ绹Ҫ
˵ѬǵζǴƬ̣޷
мһ˫Ŀͨ졢ίٵˣǽϵڶʹط档
ˡߵǰط档
طǰ˯бץģڣһҲϹۣ̫ţҹӻȻҲȱٺȣǲ˯ֻҪ̾ͻڶģʱ̶ֱ졣
Ȳ֪˭ץҲ֪ץʲôʱֻñܣ׿ˡǿ֧˵ӣǳ͢سϵڶʹٳֳ͢٣ﵱն˱٣
ˡ˵ͨ꣬ˮߣ͢²ʮ֣֧ʮȷţֺ㣬ϰ߽ʮʮҲʵ֧ʮʮʣµʮʮʳС
ǰ¡طƣ˼㣬ͷԼ˼ֻǱܵ˵ٲ֪ں˵ʲôеŵУٲṵ̂ۡ
ˡǰ¼˲᣺ĵѾйĿѾ壬档
طеظٲ֪ں˵ʲô
֮󣬳͢ȥ긳˰ȴ˽Ŀո˰ܼȳ͢ԭеĸ˰֣֮߳ڣøĿѹε֬࣬߿ʮˡָָһ˲ᣬͷ
ط濿αϣصش˭ʲôʱģҪʲô
ط棬ˡվţɫ䵭߿жͽ˭ϸĿ
˭˭ط洭Ŵʵ
޶Сˡֵǵֻһ֮䡣
ԸԼֶΣط֪ǸݵģʱҲ̲ס޶ôɣʵڱɣ
һ̰ߣȫ棬̸ʲô޶ˡЩ̰߲ɥİգȥǵ޶Сǲǻ޶
ٶ˵ֻʵвУ
ˣʲôôطʵܱס
УȫˣҲһˡ
ƹԽԽط۾ﶼҪɳѪˣ˲ǹٳϵ·ӣٳȻҲһɺôйؿѭǰˣûѹط־Ҫ
ǲУȲ֣һ˾ҪȪˣ϶ҲŹô֣粻С
ȴڴʱˡֿ˿ڣ٣Ǹıӣ֪
̫ƣطβŷӦ˼֪֪ǲУȫǸ֡
ط̱αϣ˻˵УС
ˡȥˣ
ʱ֣źһڹ߳ӣӵԱӴص㶼ˣѾǩֻѺ
ˡӹַһ£˯һӣ֮ѼʱһΣȶһ£ûг롣
Ӧţֵطй˵Ŀ˽Զǹˣ˱
ȡˡ
֮УԤƵҪ˳ԭҲҪһ£̶ʮ죬˿ط졣
ˡĵһۣ֪ˣͻⰲţҲѡ
һǿаЩе׳ȥҪ֣ͳ׷ſӽ붼Ҫ
ӣҴ߽ҶͤѾлҵ׿ھУǷ룿
Ȼл٣ÿ졣ˡأлû׿֪ҵ£غмɡ
ڹƹȥԸں֮ǰеľ˲ȫܳһݸȳ
ȰЩʵۣ˴γ͸ϲ׷ʵӦòύҲ˵ʵۻһٴѡϢˡ
ֻǣʵ۵ô⽭ʮյԩ飬縺ΣĬЩڹѵĵһ
ֵط汨Ѿ죬ڶʹձţȥֻɡ
бߵ永ԱҪôǱ˼ҪôǱ˳УϷأӦû죬մطͲҪˡ
ˡ׼ѺԱʱţҴطȥϡ
һнϺ󣬻ʵӦûѸ£ָݣδɻ飬õסС
ˡʹʱҲ㲻
лҪ˵¶Сٺ

 56 

еƻ, ޵һö, ˡ
Щɺֶһö, , ҲΧ塣
Ҳգ, ֪, ǰǷˡĵΣˡӦǺϲΧ壬ô, Ц̫, ҲȷеȻҲڴ֮ʱ, Ķǵյ֡
޵û˵, ߵǰ£ӡ
޵ӹ, С鷿в𿪣Ҵһɫ
֪ˮ˻, ֻû뵽, ЩԱ̰˲ĵزʮ䵽еһ붼ʣµ֮һ˾ֵĹԱ, ֮ȴͽ
ûڱطЩˣҲ˴󵨡ʮǰʴһսӢð˼Σս֮󣬹˼ȵ𣬴Ӵ˳Ϊ佫һˣҲǴʱ𣬹˼һų켺󵳣±Ȩʮ֮ģѾ˼С
Щ߽ϼνԼ쵽жй˼͵ֱʣ˼أ޿֮һʱȴܴ
ȴٵˡȥ񣬾ɼŴط̫ҽȻֻƽ֪Լ壬ֻգοΪһ£ˣʱʱѣ֮УԽõý
ڣѾţ֮ʱ̫ӶԻʺ̫ӵųӣֻ¸Ҫ졣֮ǰ
޵һʺ֣ϥǸϳɡоݵĺӡױдµİɣ꿪ʱְֽ̹д֣Ҳ֪񳤵ʲôģ
ϥ߸ӣӡĻزֻۣԾƣӡ˾־򲢲ڹҴϣ̫ӣЩ걻һǿƵĸѹţԽԽнԹҵԽԽ࣬⽭ɽǲ̫ܽӣ˵
ΨֶıԶУ˴ν֮У˸ɾͰ׵ʵѵõ˲ţ֮󣬱Ѹ£ָݡ
ֻǣΪ´ƣò֪ǷԹ
޵˼ţòдҹͳ߳С鷿ʱ۾ͼڵ£һһ׵ˣ޵ߵǰʵʲô
ץӡ̧ͷ£öӣĴָʳָһöӣЦЦظ
޵ûЩͼָŵöһףеöȴһģŽסµöӣ޵ô
Ȼǡ΢һ̧üֽսӵĺ׳ȥһ£㽫öӶսУֽסöӡ
ԭˡ޵ͷЩ˼
ȴ˵ûأ
׳һööֻΣֻץöУŷ£ֻץеö
޵ŵͷˣץһö
Ӣ
˵ţ²ͣһöһöģöӾץУ̯ĸЦŲ𣿡
޵΢΢һЦҡҡͷ޲档
ͣȻЩС
ȴζŨ֣öӶԺòã
޵ܾ̾ץöӣĶ׳ַ£ȻôǲԣЩССôϷһһģֻҹץǸҲһɵ׿ץ
޵ҡҡͷöӾƵ߸ǰ޿ʱƺŪôôʹ
ҲǱִòסЦӯӯ˵Ѱң»öЩӶͺˡ
վ鰸ùһֽ˺Ƭÿ߶һţһţһȴǰһȦһã޵ǰһƣЦԡ
ߣҲͯġ޵ûƴǣԣȴǲһɣϵЦʼûɢҡҡͷǲС
߽ӹһְǲֽҸҼöʵӶ¶ͺˡ
˽ֻ֮ûʲôпˡ޵Ժ˵ɡ
©Ѿǽһˣʱˣûȥ˯ˡ
ͼ˳صͷ۾ȴֻ̲סЦ޵ʵôˣ
룬мҿԽ̱ˡֱЦûոҼöʵӣ̱¡
޵һĲǰС鷿Щ֮һɨ⣬˵ã޵㡣
ɢ󣬴޵ŸȥʱȻͥкţһױһأ̯˵£ҵˣ
޵һȴСʯӣһԭΪЩ֮Ķ˭֪Ȼƽʯӡ
԰ĳ̳ģ߿첽ߵǰʯӶŽʯûǣֲǺԲСʺϣҲ֣¿ԣ
գȻܱ˿ŪЩС޵ʯӶǰȥʵȥ԰ûΪɣ
һЦɫ¶˵٩ζµһֱڲԶңûеǰ
޵¶޿κεɫЦԽˣб¸ҳǾ㲻ޣҲҡ
޵ͷȴһ˿ȴѾˣ˿ϲɰȴֺܿ뿴ˣΰ
ͷߣ߲ûı仯ֻЦ˵ţ벽ߣһɲǣ޵ٴ͸£ֻοģǸĥģôܵ¡
Щ£ҲͲߵһѾ޿أӦûüԶôȥ
ǧذת޵ֻǵ˵ôԺ󶼸
ʱ֣޵ϼҳ·Լڴ¿飬ָһԭ밲һģ˭̧֪ƼϹŵıѣ»ᴵ𣿡
޵۾ҳϣڵᡣ
һᣬѾ飬Ҵһ֧ӣ²²ʲôòã
ߣһʱҲܰ޵ֻ˵á
ȡ˵ӣֻʵ𣿡
ԭһ֧ӣ޵
ȴЩ棬ʵ޼ǵ˵³ģʮƶô֣ܶᴵѣ
Щһѧ裬ᵯá߿һۣЦ΢²²Ϊʲô
޵ϣ飺˵ʲô

 57 

ű, ۾Ŵ޵, ЦⲻԽأ˽̡
ʵһ, ˾ر, Щ쿪ľٶù죬͸ֻƬ￴, Ҳ, ΪԼã˵ʲôʲôʵӦöı̬ȡ
ʵ۶, , Ȼżܸоʵ͸£Ҳ, , ʵȻͱȱ˶˼ϵ޻ǰٵĿǰΪֹ, ΪĹʵ۶ʮְݡ
վһء
, ڴⴵһ, Щ«ʱڵѧġ
޵ɫô˵
λ, Щ̫һ̧ۿ糾
ȥ«ʱȻֻҪȥ飬һܲ鵽ʲô˸ŪãͻΪһѱǰʵ͸ס 
ο֮ʰͷ̶ܴ϶Ϊûʵ֪Ĵڡ
޵ͷ˵֪ˡ
ȴ͵һЦյ˵ҪҪ²£һ˭£
˭ʺ󣬻ʲôŮˣ޵бЦ⣬ѽ
˭û˵ֻ˱һˡȥȥֻ֧ӣӵңǰһ͵͵ȥ
ң޵ʶ뵽ɺϣ飿ʹԷֻ͵͵ȥҲûʲôᡣ
˵תת飬ϴҲ͵͵й𣿡
޵˳Ŀ˼Цζ˵ǲǸͻ𣿡
ҪЦϵлأҿɲܷ 
ϵл٣
޵ظһ飬һ˵ϵãȻйʱлѯǴΣ֮ǰϵáַʽίظԼĴǰЩ֪һ㲹
Լӱ˿Щʵ˵ѡԼҲֻ̹ϡ
޵ĶֻǵͷлӦøл㣬飬ҲͲ׷ˡ
ˡߵ͵һЦл¡
ֻӣ£֮ǰұֵ͢£¿ʹ𣿡
ѡ֮Ǵˡֽţɴ׷ȥܿǣˡ֮ϵ´޵֪л٣л֮ʲôҲûУǴˡЩᣬԼ̫ʲôʡ
޵֮ǰ£ֵ͢Ӧˮ©ûκ⣬ĸϸչ˵Ҳ޵ܲбضʲô顣
һʣ̾ȷбضʲô飬֪
˵޵һۣ˵ʹĸ
Ҳ˺ܾãûͷһ˫ʵ۾żڼǱ֪˭Ҳһòã
ֻµ֪Ժ󣬾ͺƽľã޵ŵͷá
˼Żϣ˵°ɣһ˰һ
Լ˵ʲô˵Ļѡ㣬ߵˣ߳룬ֻعͷ޵ʵ ô𣿡
޵̧ͷ˫ηӣ۶ʡ  
޵ͻȻʶͺܺã֮䣬һ̫࣬һ̫٣ȲΣֲǨŭѾá
һЦˡ 
߾ЩţæʵΣ
޵飬
߽߳ˣ޵ַ̧ߴŵЦ⣬ɡ
ɣѾൽԼǲסҲŮˣѾ̫ϣЩʱǿҵжһȥˣֻţ˵лõΥɺƽ 
µĺӣҲỤ޼ɵһ£͸ûбѹ£ԸΨһԸݵˡ
ḧܵͷ޵Ц⽥Զɡ
ɣһʱ䲻ȷһ˫۾ֻǿͼп࣬ɴ޵֣ܿȥɣҪһ˴һ
ߵſڣȴֻͷʵ
ǡ޵û̧ͷֻ˵
ȻûףʵۣҲֻˡ
ǣûеʧɡ
֮󣬴ˡŽ̰ī֤永Աˮ·Ԥʵ۸
طúú󣬴ˡǣ;ʮͤʱͤվһˣңңЦˡ֡
л١
ˡǰ޾ô
лٴӵϵİóһţЦˡǷϵ
ˡĿһǻҶͤľ̸̸˵գ±н޾̲ż
ǳˡлٽŷŻذУɫˡǲæĻɷһ˵
ĺɽһ·׷鵽ҶͤҶͤúܸɾǸţûҵκοԱݵĶƺˣǸţȴ뵽˴ˡ뵽ڽʱˡɽӽߣлԽġ
ǱѾʡի鿴ŷֻʣ¼ݣеþ߰趼ʧ֮Ҳ£ֲ˿ۼɣҶͤǴլԺ
ˡߣлӴпʶлҪȷǼνˣǲǴˡ¡
ˡƬ̣߽ʮͤУô֪һɴ˾
лЦˡָȥʵңֻñ취뾩ĵ·ͷˣרһˡ֣һӵϢˡִͷ´ڴ˴š
ԭáطֳȺһʱϵİлٵӦòδϳط档ˡ֪ΪʲôԻᴦԴա
áлٻһתͻȻˡ֪빬ˡ
ԭӱ˿˵ζˡֻǴ
ǰЩ֮ʱС·ɽ˱¡лٵǰڽʱˡ˵Ҫ빬Ȼ
ʱл٣ҪɫԻֻû뵽ֵģȴԼˡ˵ֶΡ
¶ʮ࿴ǰһҪƣ·˽㡣лЦ£ȥôҲóԸ
ҪģǿˣҲóԸˡ˵ûб£һ
б¡лЦ£̧ۿˡ֣˳ĺɽǷΪߣ


 58 

ͤɫ, лٿŴˡ, ѹˡ֣仰Խ㷢, ಻κ͸¶, ཻһֻ֪ࡣ
ĺɽϵʱ, ֻΪʵĻ, һ֮£ɽҴֳµĺۼ, Щѵ, ֲȻԵ޹ʴй
Ϊ˻ʵ, ΪߣлڿǸʱ, ʶ뵽ǴˡĻֻΪߡ
ϸϸ뼸ˡĶԻ, ˡҲʮ⣬ֻǺһ˼, Ϊ˱ģ
лٲܷ, ֮˵ʹˡ֮ǰͰ²ⱨϷ壬˽˵, ҲȷˡߣǷж⡣
ˡվ˵ΣҪ
⣬ԴϽͷл˵ձϢ԰ꡣ
лٿһ޷ɿŵķȥüˡӲڿô죬ᷢʲô
УԪλ˵µ˼ǣѡɱ֣ΪλѡˣԼ㲻ѡˡ
ȻȣȴǵͷǱµġ
ԪЦţȻΪĸ׵˼ȻҲʮҪݣ뱾һһɡ
ǶӵĸʱʺԼ֣æ;һ񣬵ǡ
ڵ£Ҳ̲סĺ棬ʵʺǱβѡˣǸŮôţ
ĶĿⶼڹԪϣԪЦ⣬Ƶ˵ô²ûн
һʧ̲סֵ׵ţʵΪѣǰȥ԰㣬˭֪ŮҲΪ֪ʲôֻԶԶţ˲Ÿҳ
ݼ˵ˣҲ˵ʱС۸⣬Ÿ͵㳢˭֪ȥʱŮűţҲǲ֪ʵΡ
ɱ⼸ձƺŽŮһţ˻㣬Ҳûеڶˡ
Ԫ΢΢һЦѶʵ棬ʵеǰʱЩȻԹԣлλѹţҲֻţڵĽߣûûֱռ˻ʵ۵ĳ谮ܲǵŭԹ
Ȼ˵ô˵ŮֶûУôܸᲢۣ
ɱ㲻ǱߺݽӲ˵λʲôģҲǱһ仰¡
жʱʱһʱ䣬ӶûУֱӷݵ¶ӣҲ֮λЩ꾹Ҳλݣɼʲôأֻʵϲϲˡ
ģҲ࣬Ȼ޻˵ȴԽˡ
ԪһЦЩ˶ʡ͵ĵƣûֻֻҪ˼죬͸õùˡ
һۼЩ˶һԴ׵ģԪ˵ʺȻѡǸѡǷλĵ࿴һۣ
ԪһۣЦȻԣҲ⣬ǰȥ࿴࿴
ôһתǿʼ˵ȴڴʱǰһڹԪ˵
Ԫһ£Ȼ磬˼ҲǰŹ棬ָ빬ᣬδйͻȻĪʲô£
Ԫɫض룬Цôޣ뾲ͺɡ
˻⣬ܿ˸ɾԪߣ򷼻ʵ˵ʲô£
ֻ˵Ǽ¡
Ԫ￩һ£ӣǴ¡
˼ͺƫУŲ죬æӭȥԪҪ°ݣԪ˫ַס񡣡
ţԪŹ˼£ʵʱʲô£
ոյϢطͽϵһʮԱʧ٣˼͵б䡣
Ԫһæʱ£
طǰ没ղű֣һСڽڶʹڣţӦǰѾ˵˼ͽ˫üֻǲ֪˭µ֣ȻһϢҲû
Ԫ˻ʵۣ˭
˼ҡͷ·ϸһ飬µĸЩʱնûгǱֶǳˣǱ¡
ԪЦһײҪֻЩͿ˭⵹ҡ
˵ŻüͷɫҲҾ˵Ǯòãø׹ùܲϣ¿ɺãҳҪϣ
ͨ꽭ˮ͢²ʮʱҪڳ⽨ԺǮ⣬ȹԪ֪ʱ򣬹Ѿ壬طҪʮ
˼ɲ÷ֱֵܱųطҪģطֻŰͽᣬ٣ȻյϢѾǰ֮һжǶ֡
׵ʱҵȰ˻ؽϣҲ̫ɸȴԼһ룬Ԫŭ˵ǸûصģҲԽŹĴǮڹжжţҲѹֱ²̣
˼ЩձȨɱᣬҲôý˳ĻǽЩ㣬˳ıȨԺյλЩ꾤ҵҵΪĶ̫ӵ£ȥ˵Ҳ棬³ӽڶ׷ط䣬˼ô죿
ַڽ·ϣԪȻط棬϶Ҫʥʱ·Ͻ
ָ£˸ɱĶ˼ͻ⣬յϢѾˮ½·;ط䣬ŷҲ˻Ҫ飬ֻҪнϵ¶棬޻
Ԫͷá
룬üͷԽԽǱµĸûĻ˭ȥģ
һլԺ⣬ˡӰȡһ߽Ժڣݵţˡǰƿǰڳǽİ׷ڴǰ飬Ц˵ˣ
ˡǰ񣬳Ҳ
ָǰʾ£ʵ֤֤ںδ
ˡʱ˼ӦѾյϢӰ֤ǡ
룬ţձض˴С֤ɴˣ
ˡϣĿ永ԱĿڹ档
ܺãߵȥʥʱڴ˺Ϣ
߳ȥֻͷˡ˵´󹦣¶ȻѸ£ָݣˡɻǵΪʦȡ֣ʲô壿
ԻΪˡˡһֱǵá
ܺãߵΪ¼ƣòȥ֮Ҫʱ̼֣غΪΪ˳ı֡
ˡβŵǡ
лҪ˵Ů˶ĳ棬һһģʵ̫̼ˣ

 59 

ҹʱ, ǰ»л̫, δع
Ԫüлͥôʱˣ 
л̫ϸżз纮, еĽ, Ըڵա
طոʧ٣лͥˡԪƬ, Ըȥһ¼Щ, Ǹлйصˣձҡ
лȻһֱһ̬лͥڹͻȻҹ빬, ʵġ
Ӧ, ֵūյϢ빬ǰ, ĸͻȻԴ, ˵콭߻˷Ժţִ˳ʣ֮ĵĸϴżһ, ȥ˽ϼ־ޡ
Ǽʲô˵£լŮ˽顣Ԫ͸¶ȥ, û֡
ǡֵ, ū澴Ҳȥ˰֡
ԪȻҲ
Ƭ̣ҡҡͷӽĺɽ¶浽, »ûҹκɣǻǸ˽ŮӱҲ𣿡
δע⼸յļ¼ϣ¶Ƕޡ
˵ӻڣ˳һʮ嵽֮⣬ʵ۾ȻûҹɣǸòͳĽߣҲû̵޵Ļᡣ
ΪǸ˽Ӷ˵£ʵۻ׼ˣԪһЦˣΪᣬֳµĸһж̱ҡ
ʱ֣޵ż߻صʱʶߵסһۣ漴ˣͼߴ̽ͷű˵»ˣ
޵¶Ц⣬ˡ
˼ߣߵǰʵô˯
ڵȱ»ЦϿ˿ˣ»ˣȥ˯ҲЩްɡ
޵صľ񱻴һ磬̧ϸ£á
ȥԼ޼䣬˷ϴ棬޵ȴֻŷлͥ˵顣
Ŀ֤ȷ䣬̰ī֮ȷɣĺܺãûй
õ쵶ն飬Ź˼һϵûȫӦ֮ʱ̰ī֣¹˼ͣھеγɾֻǣһ£ⶼ뵽̫ӵķ̫ԼҲҪֲ̿ɡ
Ҫ̫
޵̫ʱĴ𵱳ζ뵽ȥﻼԼʱ̫²ڲ齱߷˼£ĳ̫ҲųûѳΪĵ̫ĳƣس֮
¾ͽ̫ȥ죬ֻҪܴúԹôҰ¾ĵλڳҰеҲˮǴߡֻҪǷǣϵ¶ޱס
ңһ˵лᴦǣĴ󰸣ȨѵõҲʱ޵ĵΪףҪһᣬô£
Уܵͺһоѡ
ǸΣһΣеĲߣǴˡͷڣӷΣʵЯ߽˴
ˡˡʶظ֣йϵǸ׵ã
ˡ֮ǵֵϵһľ뷨֪ͨߣ׼
ڷɣתǵڶաʱ֣Ҷ˱ǳǵˣȺĶڳⶼų˳УһżѼ˵ȵòͷԹǻö˶˵ģʲôͻȻʼ飿 
Ϳʼˣȥ磬ûϡ һ˷ӵҹӦǿ쵽ʮˣɽǿԲϡ
˵ĲԣһĲ˵ǳĹŪ԰ᣬ͵԰Ҫ顣
˵ŵطĻ񰤸ϸľʿƲƲ죬ĵ˵Ķԣ˶ҪŻץأ
ţȻһ죬ʿ̧ͷһͼһģƽӳʻżð͸һڶ棬ȴǡ
ֹãڼ鵽ǰŹţʿһŻ񣬸еţÿ˶飡
Ŵ򿪣¶һŮ۵ӣͼüǣһ˫εεһۣȥȹҽʿûɰһ£žͼŮֵƣλ磬л̫ļҾ죬ͨ
ʿûӦԱѹϷˣܹƼ˳ͷϵĻռǣֿϡ̫֣æЦ˵²£֪̫ĳӣ
ʿͨͨУ
漴ϣ͸Ž˳ţʿֻ˶ŻȽϣϷһǣϹĹۣл̫ļҾ죬Ů죬ƨ
ֻǶû⣬Ӹչչֽǣһ͸㱻ߣһͷȥˡ
ʱ̫ǰͣסŮ³ΣźһȥԺ鷿ƿ˵游ʲô¼ŽһѽЩϱӣҴǰô
̫л̧ͥͷˡߣ̫лͥʱŮлӯӯʣлֻͥʵӯӯھ˾˼ÿɺã
лӯӯʮ꣬ǵͣһ£̾˸ղŵʣЦӯӯ˵˾ԺкôһƬ棬ÿ춼ű㡢ڼװϵϺرȤ
յлͥǰסĸ첲Ž˵游ǼʲôʱҲȥɽｨԺѽ
лͥ΢΢һЦ㸸׵ɽԺҲһС
ԺֲǼҵԺӡлӯӯ죬֪游Ӧĸ˵ȥ
лӯӯܿ뿪鷿ȥѰл̫ˣ꣬л߽游طѾ
ãлͥһɣ糯ʱ»鴦£۽˭̲漰Щȥ׼׼
лӦ뿪лͥߵǰͥеĿԶ
һʺƱܵǣ̫ӶȻֲ̿Դˡ˽⣬һָݣضҪ׷ʴľ£±䶯⡣
λԹҸʧͣ
һ磬߸ո糯Ĵ޵ٲĹŮѰ̫̣߸ϵٲʱȿıǹŮʰ䣬һ
֮ǰѾʰ䣬ؼңôӳ
̫ڵύϣһߴһ˵ڹûĵʹ¶㣬ͰѾͷʹɡ
ʰǰ񣬳˲ɿ˵үū澴仰С㣬Ĵˡ
̫ִҴ߽Ͼɲӻعˣ
лҪ˵ɱˣ~

 60 

糯ûɢ, ӻعϢѾ, ֮࣬, Ӳزôֺö˶˵Ļˣ
ݽ, ֻģ֪ŵʮǰӢº, Ӷʱ֮ӱﳼ׾, ڹܾۣʱˮռ첻, ߵĹŮ̫ȥչ, ôҲ벻ͨѾ˵, ôֻˣ
ֻ޴ʱڴ, ׶ʵ˵ΪʲôֻˣҲûۿʲôģ뵽빬õһ, ϶֪ӵ£æ㹬ȥǰ֪, Ҫо, ʶлͣݲµǲ£ֻ㬵ߡ
˾, ʺȻҲ֪ģݴŵȥߵ⣬˻ֻͨһ죬ƺʲôˤˣžԪŭǶϹģôЩ꣬ûһ֪
һʶߣתһ룬ŮǶѾʱˣ񲻸£ֻ÷˽ŲӲͷƤźĹŮʵʺ𣿡
ʱʱͼŮӣվںЦ˵ݽȥ˵
߽ȥЦʺ˼䣬ۿŹԪɫãﻹҶæҸڸˣߵ·ʱͼߴһĹŮߣվס˽ţ˻ˣѾͷҲס˻ʵ۵޹Ҫඣ
ߺ󣬶һƬţãԪһЦô꣬Һã
򷼻ʵڴж˵ʲô
˵ӵʱΣأϲ콵񼣣ָʾΨ˽Ѱ˼ңܶȹ˽٣Ա¾˽͵Ϊ˳⣬ҲûʹӾȥ̽ŹԪɫ˵
ˣԪЦΪңʴ£´ûŹң
ʢŭҲҶ˵ȴڴʱһ󼱴ٵĽŲžܹ̫Ϣϵڶʹط汻ָ̰īףطܣ̫ӵ˰گͣһְڼн㣬Ⱥ
ʲôԪŭ֮İҧ˵úúãԭˣ
ʵۺÿֽţطձʧ٣ת۾͹Уֽ׽ڼңһֲңȻ̫Լ游ǰҪĸģĺն
ңңʱͷ´ˡ
Ҳǣ˸ףʱҲˣοǸӣҲðݼĸ󡣹Ԫ򷼻˵¡
ϣ޵żߣԸ沽еĴˡȻˣֽͲҪã֣
ˡͣסӣ˫ϥ£ʣͣ븸ʣ׼֡
޵ʮδһĶӣѾԳʵļؿǰƺԽյĻع鲢ûиеرĻϲȡ֣϶Թ
ͣס޵ŹǰĶӣһʱԾǴʻǾܾ
ˡãĸ򲡹޵۶ɥĸգڴˡ֮ǰ޵޸ʱҲֽת۷ʮǰʴǳս˼ˡ游ӢԼӶ·ͬʱӣɳ̰ðԼʱԳǵԼȷĶӳͻʿҲȫԭǰܾѶҿ˼Ϳսǿס
Ϣٹ𾪣Ϊǰʿ֮ģ޵̼ӷ˼ʹ󽫾ְ֮ȫȨͳ·ӡֻǣһº󣬴޵յ˹ʴսµһ˵ճǰԼʱ˼ȴʱó˲ء
лѣΪ˸˼ȡʱ䣬ѡսȹ˼͸ϵʱѾȫû˼սսƣż˸ˡ
ԭӦֺʵ˵ʱսδʴһսʿˣڴʱù˼ͣһĶҡ˧ǱҴɣ޵Ȩףհ˴¡
֮󣬹˼ͳ׻һʱ޵֪ʱܴ±һȥٺ˼Ͱʦسڳ֮ʹ³֮Ⱥ߼޵ΪģȥӢλֽ¼ҽ֧׾ϤţպӢɢ
˺꣬޵Ҳ˵ʴһս࣬ϧվã֤ݶ𣬶˼ҲսһȨͬ죬п֮һ붼Ͷڹ˼¡
޵ŹڵϣֱͦĶӣӡӢʱˡ꣬죬һִ󣬶ԴȻԼĿʱս³Խָոտɣ޵¼¶Ƿæ˴ˡڳŷֺڻʺ£ٰŴˡ
ԼԹʱ˵ġ޵֣޸ȡġ
ȡΪˡˡԻΪˡϣˡʡ
ˡ޵һЦã׼ˡ
ˡʱˮղֹշҩҲת޵ǰȥչܣЩҩ˱Ķʱ̫Ӹող˼ڱ߽ս޵Ȳ볯öֲˡɥилͥһмƣˡͳ
лͥȥ˭޵ûʹΨҲסܡ
Ϊӣ޵ãûжѡ񣬵ΪףȷǷˡ
޵̧߼ǰУˡ˵ɣ޴ȥʺи񡣡
УԪûʺŷͥȥ޵Ҳڴʱ̤ţԪ񣬳糯ʱһ£ʤ𾪣檸̰֮£
ʺġ޵˫ַ˰ѽ̫Ӵضһˮʯ
Ԫով𣬸һ񣺡檹ر¸Բ
޵ٴηͷĴˡݼĸ󡣡
кձ̵أˡ˫ϥ£Ԫߵͷ񣬵ĸ󡣡
ȻˣԪЦֵһ𣬺ú¡
޵ڵ֣ͽдˡ
ԪˡˡҲĿ֮ʱˡɫ䣬Ԫȴ¶ЦݣϸĻ֣˼ˡ
Уݺ˵ʵڹʱ䣬ˡ
лҪ˵ˡûңɱˣ
ˡŮˣɣɣ

 61 

ʱ, ޵Ŵˡ뿪, Ԫͳ⣬Ц˵Ϊر¸Բ, ҹڳαðϯ, µʱ͹⡣
޵˵ͻʺ󡣡
ʵ۵ӰʧڹϺ󣬶Ӱһ, һ, 첽߽ڣԪʱһ, ʵĸ, ô£
糯ʱ޷ûϢ, ֺ޷˵ǽ̰īıʹ, ûӦʵ˰ʱš
֪ʵһϲû, ¶ʺӣʵڳҪ˸ø, ܶ
Ԫ, Щɸֵĸоüͷ˵Ǳݵģ¼Ȼ, Ҫϴԩһס
ӸղſĿͿڹ̫ӳ˵֤ȷ䡣
ǼٵģԪȻ˵С˼ޣ˵ֱʣ˭֪ǹ֮ʯڣһҲãв뺦ģ
Űɣü˵̲ʹЭѾȥ̲ʻҲҪȥĸҪ𣿡
˵ؾţ¶ȻỹסԪҪ̲ʹ¼ٵ˵˽´ʥ⣬
ãô졣˵һ˱£羹ȻţǷ˼ոݼĸˣ 
Ԫ𷽲ǶԸӱŤΣżֳ˵ˡϸĻϵ֣㸸ʾȻӦˡ
㾪ȵ˵ûȥֻ񲿺˸飬ĸ󣬶ǲӦȰȰʣȰȰ磿
Ԫû˵Ǹʵۣ㸸ʶѾ˵£
㲻Ҷ˵ֵ糯ʱ˵Ӿһ˭֪ž˵һˣȻϵһȥˡ
һ仰˹Ԫ֮·һʱûͷȥ룬ʱඥ֮Сˡʮ꣬粻ƫƫ̰īʱôɵģֻ´ˡܻ֮ùѲϵ
طʧ֮ʱʵЩĸڽϣΨдˡĶͷ֪Ǳϣطһ򾡣ЩƴϵĻڶʱƴ˳
ԭˡԪ촽߸һЦ⣬³ɺޣأûϻصĺ
ĸ˵ʲôأʵ
ûʲôԪ˵ֻȥ̲ڳαðϯ㸸ʺϲǵøϻ
ߺ󣬹ԪѹԸ̰ȥѴˡЩͷмң
ˡȻбĿľҪ⵹ңᡣ
ʱ֣޵ָŹԭסóõˡ˵߰ɣһš
ʵڸţסˡǷĻڴ˴š
޵룬ʮһֱţʰ¶㣬ȥɡ
תߣˡҲֻøϣϤı߷ʱʱһĻĻǰ
ʵڴ˴ְֽд֣칭ڻϵĹ¡ʱƫʮˬʱڴ˴Ъ磬ÿܿʵ鰸ǰӣżϵ£ʵҲĸ⡣
ˡͷӹһ˿Υ˸С
߸ߵż߹Ĵãʮȥˣİ뿪ʱȣû̫仯һ۾ϳʮʱƺڴ˼侲ֹˡ
ڴʱˡͻȻһܽ档
ߡ
ˡͷ۽ǵһƳͼɫ½һţѾ˺ıá
ˣ빬סڻʵ۵޹ʵӰ룬ж˵ҹҹݡҲ㣬óԸ
ˡĵ׵Ĵʹڴ޵߽ƫζһһˮ۵ȻˡʲôζֻĬĬš
ͻȻ޵˵Ѽţ缦ȥ
˺ܿ쳷ˣǱȥˡʵǸĲˣʵֻһ֣Ǿ֪˭ɼξǵһΣǣʥġ
ʵ۳Ե٣Ӻͣ磬ˡŷ磬лʴͷ
ˡ޵ӹֽ֣ȥЪŰɣҲҪС˯һ
ˡˣĿбӵ߹ֱ̤ţվˣͷһ
Ժˣ״һ˿ҲãӴ˺⸣ܲ;
ˡعͷ첽뿪
ձ֮һȻô죿
ʱ֣ڳαÿϯۺ󲢼λ̫̫ڻʵ࣬ϵʺһӺͻΨдˡδɻ飬һĩλ
Ԫϯ˿һۣЦ޵˵ѵýȫ£ǲǰѡ¸˵һ˵
޵һֱúЩЩԣʺͰɡ
Ԫյѡɱ;һٳ֣ʵ۵˼ǸλЩ׵߷̣ѡ˵ģȸ˵һ
۾ϯһͣڴˡϣЦ˵ӣЩֵм䣬ֻ㲻ɻ飬ΣҲҪѡϼ
ˡ˵޳ɻ֮⡣
ôɣԪЦӽǶʮһɣͣöŮȺˣӡӶѾ˼СҲÿЩˡ
ˣ޵ֵȥɡ
ԪһЦٶ˵
ƹѲ輧֫һ¥¡ԪĿƳ˸ɫ޵˵£ȥȥ
޵ֻҪ£Ҳ⣬Ԫȥæ˵Щ꣬һֱסԭҾ
ԪһȻһֱû뾩ȻһֱƤ£ڽҴһҳ֮ǰϲʶûпܣ߾ʵۣøͷģ
һǻʵ۵³裬һǻʵ۵ĶӣͬᣬͬĺòͬһסƵһֲ
Ԫڷ߽д䣬ҴȥˣԪͷ۴ˡ߸һЦݣϻ᲻еĻӣֱʵأ
뺨ˡ£ڿԺУˡʱ̷ĹŮūȥﾻ֡
ˡһСݣ߽ȥͻȻˣŷŹϣһƬڰ֮УˡǶͻȻᵽһϤϸ
ߣҲ                        
лҪ˵ǲ²½Σ

 62 

ǳα˿, , ֮ɫںڰӡ
ˡһɲ, ЩѰԼ, һϢɢȥ, ˡԳһЦ, ѵóԸȻͷοɱķ, Ľ, ҪҲѡʱ, ط
ȴڴʱ, ͵͵ؿ˿ڣˡ
òò͵͵ؽ֡ĵĳɿƵ궯, ˡȴϻӦֻתߣëЦ, Ƕ, Щˣֵǿ졣
Ҳǣ˱˵ĵˡִ, ͣƬ̡
һƬѭŴˡϸ΢ĽŲſȥһǰһСڼѰǻʵۿͣα˵ȻЩ죬ΪǸڼʱڸҲûʮģڹĵ·ԭҲ죬ߵСڼԴǰŽţűŽһˡ
ڴʱϨûдĿֻһƬڣȴ˲ȷǴˡ
޵ģŵ΢գΨʱˡ
ԭΪȴ룬̶ʮ֮ڹ¸Ǻһͬ䰵ҡ
ԭǻӣԭҲҪ֮Уͬһ֮¡ʵۣڿ˵ҪʱҲѹЩķӦ
ˡ
ֽһûлӦҲ֪˵Щʲôںڰ΢΢һЦԼ˵û뵽㡣
нĽŲˡ
ˡ˴Ļǣ޷ҪʵۿǹйŮһң˭һĻⶼҪ뵽Ů˽ȥοڽʱԭǾʶ
ϢߵȻҲа취ֻҪζˣЩ´ξͻ֣ˣ˾֡
ˡߴʤ粻
ԭģһˡԾûлӦȴǧذתЩ̹ĵ˼ЩĬ벻ᣬΪȴߵһ
ԽԽϸһһģ˴ˡһĳȥйȴڴʱ˼㣬㲻ͷȴѾġЦ̣촽Ļȡ
ˡһ߿ţֹԼĳ١
ǰͻȻһʶۡϣòЩ˰ŵģȻһ׽ϷҪ˻ᣬҿˡĹװγߡ
ˡѵ˳ȥĳϣһ΢ֵӾȵվסŲôˣô
Ӵ衡ˡ硣
߸߳ȥ˵ӾǱۼ֤ˣӻϷǸֵˣҲԵ
էˣǰһԽȣ˭
ֿˡ
ˡٶ˵ֻǰߣߵͷ󣬴ɻæҲȥ
αУ輧̤һģذ׵¹ճߣһ޵̬߸ڴˡ̨̤ףŵĴ޵ʱ˲ԽˡܽУŴ޵е£
űźڼʶҪȴڴʱ޵˿ڣôˣ
ʵһ˵ڼ£һܽȥץ˴޵䣬¾ң
ˡ̤ʱ۱㿴վڻʵ۸ǰץ˻ʵɫһǣ˵˼ٴʥּƭ£ȴְͼ
ʱ絶ڻʵǰȴ㽿ϲˡ߽޵˵˺ڣŮƭȥ֣žͱסʱڡ
ߣܽг֣ϵ޵̧ۿŴˡȻǰʶ
衽ں߽Ծɴžɻԥԥ˵Ŷȥʱں߿ţλ󡣡
ԪԱţϲ¶ɫȴһաԭΪǻᱻײʧ룬ٰ֮ڣʱеǣضͨˣ˭뵽Ǿֱҵʵ۸ǰ״Ǻõɫ
ᡣڰ֣˿֮ͣסŮ׷˳ټĳαУʱֻʣŵɻӣվŵļв²ⲻ
޵Ѿô¡ˡЩסڽңͬңŪһΪ˸ˣ˽顣
ǳߣǳŴˡ޵۹Ԫɫֱ
Ȼ֮䣬Σ
Խ޵̧ûбץŵ죬͵͵
ôˣʱЩԣæʵ
ûʲô޵ǺεĹУֱ̧ˡʵϵ
ˡڽʱһ档
Ǵ뵱ڽϵҲӲΨ̹Ȼ£пܽƲ塣
޵
лͥߴˡ֮ʹлͥҲ˵ֱ죬֪Щˡһֱڽҡ
л֮ͥѡнңһͬУӦھеѫмۣ˵ĻɣлҹϵԶлͥҲ뵽ˡڽҡ
οи֮ʱлͥδ棬շתˣ˽ľŵľҲ֪˭֮С  
Ϣʱ޵һӦ뵽ߣڽҴһ£˵ӦϵôˡΪ˵л٣˵ȴûˡΪ޹ؽҪб飿
޵ԭϸһʣȴû뵽չ۾Ҫϣô˴¡
ץŴ޵䣬һΪһȴǣʵôһĹ÷ⰲġȻˣȴͣ£ʱ￴ףһػµڼң˵пͣҵα˵ڼֻҸһ㣬׾ƤƤЩСǰҼڸеҹԱûģˡ
޵̧ۿʵ˭
һ룬Ѿ˭æ
ػ޵Ը꣬תߣΣ
Ҳϵùĵ·ãǵһţдš¡֡߻˵͵ߣҵԴȥ£Ҹսȥˣӵ¸Žžͱˡ
ſαúԺǴĴαãȻ·޵ͷʵʶȥʱ˱ѣ
衻Ȼ˵ˣƵĹŮһ£Ū·Źȥȸ£
ָһ£ĸŮ޵
£ǰȥѰڼҴˣ
лҪ˵ÿ춼޳~

 63 

ʬںԺ﷢ֵ, ָ̧ʱ, Ȼֻһ۾ȷ, ǴǸ
ߵ˵
Ȼǹеֶ, ת˲֮䣬һ, ǸˡݵĹŮ, иƵĹŮʱҲӦöʬ˰ɡ
߱ٿûȴֻǰ, һθ, סŻ
ˡѣȻѹ˵, ֪Լ¶˿, ȴǱ߿һۣͼתڣȥʬ, Ҳп־壬ˡʶǼưٳ, Ұ, ҲֻǸʮСͻȻһʬ壬ôܲţ
ȥοο, ֻؿţһ춯ȴǴ޵ͼ첽ߵ߸ǰο¡
ˡƿĿ⣬һ˫߬ˡԭȥΨлʵۣܹߵǰϸذο
ڳǲһᣬҲǽŮӣҲ￴أʵֻ֪οǸûûֵŮˣòƫģ
߶̧޵ȻһЦбڣҲ¡
ӵĴⶼ˲ޣøӣʺڣô˫۾أ͸ҹȻʵģ
ԪŭԽ⡣û֣ܵƵǵڳǾʱʶ˵ĹϵӴ˾ﶼӡôĻɶŽأű˲ˡľ£һ˰һӣ͹ˡܵġ
ˡĿܺãǰʱ¶һʵУ˵СŮ̬ڻʵǰȴʲôһˡ
޵߻صϣùŵʸ£䵭ɫ
ȻǾ֣˻ʺû˭˼ɵˡҲû˭ô̵ʱ֡ˡȻѾƾ֣Ҳϸ׷֮ȴܲôһ
޵۾ŹԪ˵Ӹջعͱƣʵڿɺޡ±㽻¹Ů𳹲飬֮ڣҪһ𸴡 
ǻʺ󣬾͸һ׵Ļᣬǻʺ󣬾̿
Ԫһɷ֣ʵ˰ţŸˣʵۻʹԪ̲ס˵ΣԭôǣֻǷ£첻á
Ȼ֪ôǣͲҪƴǡ޵˵Ĳãܷǡ
⻰էأϸƷȴǽԪӲ˵ϣɺͻǶΣһҲҳһֻ޲պ󱻻ʺǺޡ
ԪֻϻģұۣȲԸ÷£ҲԸԼ£˵˵ǣֻǣȷʵϵɷһָָ㷼
أһ˼ɣ֮ڣؽʹ漰˽ޡ޵ߣȴǲɡ
ֻ½ʺҪ˯ˡȻһЦȻǻʵ۵ֶΣȥ²ȴ˲ϲµģ˵ܡ
ˡЦݣͻȻոǽڣĵ»˭Ȼʵ۸ǿ
˭Ȼʵ۸ǿȻǻʵۡ
ˡƿĿ⣬޵˵֮磬ʮ־ˣͻʺ󡣡
ڳ˶һǲܵģϵģһֱһѺҲģãҪˣ
æԪ˵ͻʺ󣡡
Ҳ׷˵ĸ󣡡
ԪάŵЦݣ޵˵ˣҵ
ʱˣʺЩЪ޵վһ飬Ҳɢ˰ɡ
ߣԪæϣͬУ޵ȴڴʱعͷȥں˵ޡ
ԪŲһ٣ﲻŭɨӣٸһëѾͷ֪ģԼҪΪ󹬴ӴҪأ
߽߼ʵ۱˰벽ľ룬һȥǸǰʱֻĿⶼԼϣ߲ɵȻһЦһ˫ٵķһһɫƵķ澡۵ס
ںأҲȤԼϲͺ޲ðȥĶקҲ룬ѵˣǾȥˣ
ɺͻǵȵۺ˫˫ţ̧⣬̤ʱ̲סͷһۣһʵ۵³ǾʶײںڵϹﹲ̫ٴʥּʵ۲֪ιʶԻʺڼʱ߳ĴϷҪÿ춼һǿɾ̫̼ˣ
ˡһ̧ȥѾߵԶˣǰ·ڣŻʵۻظҪһߣͬǲ
ҹ֮ʱ޵ڵ´£һҩ£ҩˡ
޵ֽӹʵȥķӼģ
ǡӦţֿ̲סȰȻԼ֢ЩһʱҲȥ겻ͬҪô̫ҽƽҪҪһӣ֢Щ
̫鷳޵һӲ죬޲С֢򣬳ҩܺãֻҪһ̫ҽҪڵǷ̼꣬ÿ̫󹤷򡣡
˵ŻͻȻ߳۽Σ˵ȡЩۼӣ
ʱ߳Ե𣬴޵˱˸ɫ۽ֻζ嵭ƽʱҲδԹʱҩͻȻ˵¡
ܿװһۼӣҹ޵һźţڵҩζζ޵΢΢һЦСﰮԵҲͦ˼
ʵ۳ҩʳڵģͻȻҪۼӣңȻ˽ߡ֮ǰʵ۽£æ˵£ūѾȥʹϴǰ£ϼһ֪ҪҪһ󣿡
޵ãŵ롣
⼸ദѾϰߣ˵Щ˶˵лһţһˣԣģѾкܳʱûôˡ
һ£һƭҲƭ£ֻΪԼе£ǵػţΨˣеźʹϧŻᱻƽ
µ˽ŮأѾٷŭѾܵʵѾȥ׷Ǹ˭ߣĲɡ
޵ʶȥϨ˵ƣѾ˯ˣɴ޵ߵǰȴڴʱһ
޵̾ʵôˣ
Ůܿ쿪ţ޵ȥԷţżɬЦجˣ˰ɣ
޵αõ£ں£æڴ£ḧܵͷοˣڣԺٲᷢ¡
û£ҲЩЪɡ
ãҲ˯ɣ޵վǺ£޾㡣
͵͵һɵ˼㣬޵ţԸֶٲˡ
µЩܣԶɣߣѾټƽϡ


 64 

ڶʱ, Ϣ, ǸѴˡȥϵĹŮ͸ƵĹŮҵˣˡǸʱ̲, һͷײ, ʱȴһɡǸȻҲ, ȴһҧֻǲС˻, ûָʹ
ΪһɣҲԼﱻ˻Ȼʻûд, ˶², ԼɾĻʹԼҪȥʵ, ȴ֪ʵ۽æ, ɵһŲ
޵յȷʮַæ̰īոտټϴˡէȻع, ҲҪһв׵˴һ뿪ȥ糯һֱûл, ߶, ݺȥʳУʰԱ߷ڣ, ŮվЩдʰ˵㻹ǻؼȥɣҸܹ˵һ֡
ŮѡϸкҴʹߵѾͷ빬Ůʰô̫ģ־̫֮͸ʹҲǹ·
ʰ俴ˣæˣСū澵ūһӶм㣬ū澵ﲡѾȫˣūûǣңү˵¶ףԲŴүū澽źСġūۿţȴү˵Ļ˵ģ˵£һһأūȻãôԼˣôֻܶ۾С㿴ţСūɣ
ߵЩ⣬֪ʰǽܵ˼û뵽ȻԼҪģѾͷһ⣬Ҳʮѵˡ
˫ַʰ䣬ֵ㿴Σһգۼûˣﻹˣαðգ
СĶū澾ĶǸСˣʰӻһֽݹȥū澵Сū澱Űɣ
߽ӹһʰвЩпԭֻǾþ֮ͣһѣû뵽СѾͷ档һ˺룬˺÷飬Цã飬ٱʲôūˡ
վһˣȥٲ̫ɡ
񣬳մæмһ棬ûл̫ϸģ̫ڹмʮ꣬ʿ϶죬Ҳʱ̫һʣǾ䲻Ҫʲô˼ˡ
ٲȵ۵̫סĹԷ̫λݣȻܶռһٲɣ˶ӣҲʮַ˵ĵطʱ̫ǰ֪лҪ˵ãȥߣһɡ
ߣһԷķȥ߽߱Һסŵɸ֪ߣ꣬ǰһˮͤӣΧһֵĶǷβ񣬿ȥʮģ̫ߵˣһɡ
̧ͷһͼͤǶš躮֣һˮһ·˵Ȳõı͵ҲһȻǸ׵ĵط
̫ͤӣǰ洰ˣʰһ˳ţ߷̫Բ£̫ʵ¿ҹ㣿
һ򵨴󣬴ʱҲЩֻ࣬ҡҡͷ
̫ЩȣȻôôû˵ʲôλݣ
ûСֻô
̫ԽԾüͷ˵ѵҪȵѡ㣿ѽѡ㲻˵ֻѡ𣿡
߻մ޵Ļﻰ˼ǲɣȻ⻰ø̫˵´Һܺá
̫ҡҡͷ벻òǴͷģ㻹ᣬ֪еֻҰɣôҲ֮һ㿴ˣûӰס徻㶼Уô˼ţ˵˽óҵط⹬ĳ谮ģΨλݺͺӲʵڣĲ˵ͣһô죿ŮǵǼڲģȴʲôҲǣõԴ
ߴƤһʱҲеãȻʵۿôᣬ֮£ʵ̫˰ģǾãʵۻźһУ̫˵ĻҲûе
ʵ۲ʵ˵ҲǹŮлʵڣ¶ãôأ
ʱﶢŵģǳλӣȨ٣ȻЩȻЩһߡԼǴûʵһ˰ڣȥ뽫Ρ
̫˵̾˿αõҲ˵ˣЩ˼³㣬ȻҪ뷨跨ֶûУЩǹԽѶˡ´ﶦʢһж˵ɽأô죿
أ꣬ҹ룬ҲЩΪЩ㡣Ц£˵мҪʹ裬ǰ˵ҪǰΪʲô
̫ʶ۴⣬ȷûˣѹҲǰ֪ģ֮ЩΡ
ǰЩ̫ʹëַˣ̫ҽЩȵ۵ǣȻǲԻʵ۵ڣ̫˽´һӸ̫ҽ͹ȥŻ̫ҽһһҩ֢״Щ̫ⲡǸ֢ÿζôǮҪ˶þ͵ˣǱ̫ҽҩԱ´ʹá
̫ҽϸҩǲܸģֽ̫ȥȡҩǱ̫ҽ͵͵˸ţʱżȻ˻
ôţ̫Ŀʵ
߲Ϲ£ҡҡͷ
ǰƽϼأһ糣̫ʶֿ˿⣬Խˣ죬˾ûˣ湬ﴫϢ˵Ѿһ¡
˵ֻǿŴˮ棬üͷ
һʱҲ֪˵Щʲô˵ǵʲôͻȻȥʵҲ̫˼¼Źֵĵطڻ󣬴ϢǣѾһ¡
Ҫô̫ŪˣҪôǣ͢˻
ʵ۶Ĺ̬ȣʶ뵽Ǻһ֡
ǰ֪һǸˣֻҪʵۻŹܵó裬Ҳøһֱ̫̾˾û֣ͻȻ£ֵһʱҲû⣬Ǻ»ǻأ
ҲȷˡЦ£ͷһۿңңȻǺ¡
Ը˰ɡ̫վ֮ûŪ֮ǰ㾡ڱǰ
߸վǰסʱٿɣһζҲǰ취
һеĹؼֻڻʵΡʵ۾ǹڸǻǸôҲϸʵദˡ
סһλݣǺӡ̫˵ֻҪûô谮Ǽٵġ
鷿У޵˵̲ΣʵѾؼȥˣ
ǣһأϵ¸ûʲôϵһطʣط˹Ǿ֣ۿˣ̲ʹ¼λҲطָزţҹ̲һҹʮͷȻؼȥϢ׼ˡ
ǹ˼͵ĵϵȻǰŹ˼˵ġ޵ò׼̫ݷţǵȷ֪е飬Ƭ̲ʵ˵㵱λٵ棬˵Ҫף
æǣʱҪǣӢǣضܲ࣬ס
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޵ӽ͵һһвκƫģֻܸ֤ȷǷһʼ͵ųǵ˵ҪףЩǣôķ󣿡
һ£˵ԭĸ˵ģĸ˵ҲǸʵ˼
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һãˣ˵ʺ𣿿ɻʺĸףôǱˣ
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ʶʵ˵Ӧϴ
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һֳ嵽һͷˡ޵޲Ҫˣµּ⣬ҲֻڼкʱͻȻѺ̲Ļ̡̻
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񣬻ҪƵ˵ˣһ񸸻ʽ̻壬ô˰
޵ˣ˵ȥɣʲôչʱޡ
ûˡˣʣǰ˽ԴĺɽԳģǶĲ¡
޵̾뵽ʱΣǵ㵭Ļ̌ͷʵΪ˽أ
ʱȻ뾩ȴмڽӦżȻֽ˽йֹ뾪˸ʡˡɫ糣ºյϢ֪˸ʵᡣ
⻰мֿأµֶΣĲûеɽץ𣿴޵ţֻܿŴˡ˵
ˡԭļƻУǴ޵ĺɽһ£˳һʶԲ˹ҲԵ̫⣬Ȼһңòʱ˲ԣ֪˵Եö߹ڹעȻӦл٣ҲǱҪʵ۽ֵҶͤǴլԺҲǶðģż档
á޵ڿ˿ڣ֪ˡ
󽫾лٶ
ʱлٸ󽫾̤鷿У̧ۿˡվڻʵ󣬲Цһ¡
˵մˡʱȷţֱۼˣ֪ġ
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¹Ҳ֮Улֻе㲻ȷЩȷʵˡ֪ѣɴˡأǷҲһ㣿
ڴʱô޵˵մĺɽģӵĲ£²ٲˡ
ǴˡĽˡлٿˡôΪʲôҪأ磬ܲǰʱһʾأ
°ɡ޵ٶ˵Ը
лٸ󽫾߳鷿̾һ
󽫾ΪϧʧȥĻᣬڰοȻ޹¿϶ӡ󲻴»ؾкˡ
лٻعæ˵ǡ
úøɣڱ¸ǰ¶¶¿úܡ󽫾Ц˵ǧ﹬磬ӣǰ̫˵һʱС̷ЩѵõĻᡣ
﹬ǹһ£ÿʱ򣬺ŮǶ磬涷޵ģͻҲѡζɵѲ߻һ£󽫾ĵлٴӣЩˣҪȥඣ
лٵ˼ȴȫȻ档ɭϣƽʱֵضǰδл̤󹬣Ӵߣǧȴں֮УһգǷлһ棿
ɼΣǻʵ۵ˣͲйᡣ
֮ʱʵۻûлعֻ߰űĺĹ԰㣬͵͵
߻ͷʱͼһݡŮңң񣬿ӦǺ󹬵ɣȴ֪ĸ
ݺڱСѵɡ
ɣǱŮǰֵǸ΢΢һЦҲ񣬵ɡ
ɼϴһϲæ߽ɷһ˵

 65 

ʵڶ, ߴǰݺԵλ, ڳαҲҴɨһۣȻûһ, ȻǼǵõ, кͻߵҲгһ
ޱ, ҵŮ, ͻͬѡģ˵ѡʱ˱н飬빬ֱ, һ·, Ȼ޳ӣҲλ
ֻڹ̫ҫ۵Ĵ, ЩĻʼɵǲҵ, ȴٲöＸ䣬˳
ɫһȥ, ɿ첽߽͵͵˵ɷҵǱ˵仰
Цл, ˵ɡ
ʶؿʰݺ, ߰ڰ֣Ѿͷæ߿ԥ˵, ¹Լ˵˰ɣǸŮǰҵ֡
˵ˡߵ
ʶϿ˿ɫ̹ȻһʱҲϲŭɱӲͷƤ˵Ҳ֪ΪʲôҸҶ췢ģҴͲϵǸŮûȥݺ
ߵ˵Σ
һ£˵ңֻǾãӦø˵һ
ν˵һ޷ΪʵۣĿڣѴ¸߻ʵۡЦ£Щǲ˵ġ
һ˿ʧֻǿάţ֪ԭҲŹֻ¹ҡ
ͣƬ̣¶˾һ㣬ͻȻ˵ҽʮ꣬µĴָ֮ܵλȫǻڱǰ˵ԵʣҼûкӣҲûгңҶûɺ㡣
ߣ˵ӣ빬ʱѾ⹬ˣҴδû㣬ȷǱϣڱǰұһǲԸ˵ĻҲͰˣűºͻʺضһס
˵Ǹͷˡ˼ţͷ˵˵Ҳе
ɼʼնô磬Խʧֻøһл߶ʱˣҲˡ
תҪߣȴסʵм㣬ʵ˵ҾͰĻת¡
һϲæͣסŲת˵ʲôҪʵģ
ǵʲôûģʵ
ɻ˵һֱиʹëһһȣ߳Է񣬻˼᷸ЩһֱҽҩϧʼûܸΣ˵Ϊûġ
ô˵оɼôֿô£߳ʵʱ𣿡
һΡ̾ЩʣԼǰµʱһһѣٺӲˬ죬üˣҼûŵȽ˵û뵽ôûˡ
Ҳ˵ڹǰµʱ򣬻ж糣ܸһ·ͻȻ񻯣ˣʹľɣδЩ
˼ţã֪ˣҼ£ҾͰĻת¡
лָһżҴҵˡ
ҹʱ֣޵鷿ʱߵеѿһ·Сӭ˹Ц˵£ԭ԰ﾹȻһƬӣ֣
޵ֻһĳһɨ⣬վסŵǰЦʵȥ԰ˣ
ѽܹ˼Ҳʶңصø纣ȥġᳶ䣬ߣԼͻۼӣңǰûǮǷۣҲɣ½ӣң³Ժòã
纣ͽܣ񵥹Էɫֵصø纣ȥ䡣޵ߣ˵ƬӣÿǸչҹͱȸʳʣ¶٣뷨˰ȸˡ
ҵʱ˷ϣڼʱ飬ЦݲãʱҰ˲ڵŻȸЩȸһһ굨Ӵ󣬵ŲߣҾԼ˲ñӣЩӴúܣֱ䵽Ҹǰһץ˺üֻ˳
ԭʱġŶǼӣΪ˵ʱЦû޵аٸнǣ֣˵ãʱްˡ
ȴЦŰֳҡͷ˵µ̫ϸãᱻƵġ
ǰָͷϵıͻڴûȫõ˺ۣЦũֶ֣ʲôģ̫ϸ˲أһ¾ȫ˿ڡ
޵ֻƣǰȴͻȻϸ۵֣̾˿
˵ףֺιεεСȴƧôӡָ̧ߺܵͷӣ˵ʱӦҲˣҲòˡ
̧߽ʵù𣿡
Թˣͷһͻ֡߸߽³𣿡
ЩһԷ޵ƫʳʳѵ޳ԹˡʳҪˣ֮ŲɳԵ̫壬ȳ⣬嵭࣬ø̫ˣ׻ʳ
³Ե̫嵭ҪֻôһҹҪˡЦ˵
޵ҲһЦСӶ̰죬ȷʵ̫׽ƣǾһţԲźá
ƫԱߵС鷿޻Щ꣬˾ȥЪǲͷɡ
ں棬δӶͽ鷿룬ҲҾ￴ɡ
á޵ٶ˵̯һӣЩԼһɡ
߱ӼһμǷԭҲϲϲ£ֻǿҳȥ͵͵Ŵ޵ʱ޵ˣʣʵôˣ
ɽˡߵҸ´仰
Ϊ˳αõ£޵һ˼µ˴µΣ˵ʲô
˵޳ӣẦҡԶԶؿŴ޵˵δӣûеݺӡ
޵е
µ˼ǣԩģʵ
޵˼ǣڲᣬֻ֮󶌻λظɡ޵֤ȷ䣬αΡ
Իʵ۸֪ô£ȴ׼֣룬ֵɽѾùʹˣҿƺܺµӡ
ʺȻƸûҿ̣ڹҲû󵳣ʵһ޵룬ɳ΢ϥӣ֪
߿ĳȥȴЦ£ô˵ĻҲǿ֪ء
ͻȻ㰲ࣵţоһĻڰͶµӰӣƿĿ⣬ȥǵӰӣǰδеĲ
ʵۼȻ˭ȻҲɱȴ޶ԣʵ۶Щˣ飬ЩﳯϦ飬Ȼ㡣
޵ʹƤëͶһСƬӰӣһĬ˵񡣴޵һʱ֪θͣȻ뵽֮ˣȷǲô⣬Ҳѹ֮С
ַʣǰȥҪ˵ʲôȴֲ֪ôӺ˵ȴڴʱ̧ͷѾЦݣżζε˵¿϶䵽ǸزĶԲԣ
˶棬ʵ۵˿ңΨŬԼӰӣ̲һɱһ·䵽Ǹ֪ľء
޵ҲЦġ
һ׵ķ󣬲޿
Զֵһ̫ʹëˣôӣҵ򡣡
￴ƳԴʵҪǮ޵ȻмβҲ˵ЩεģڵͷʵǲǵûǮ
ͼصصͷȴЦأʱһǧƱװһɢӸʹҲûʲôǮĵطҶأһʲôãϡ
޵ϸһ£ûǮȱǮĸо߽ս¹ԽʱֽҲΪ¶ĽǣϸǮԱǲͬġ
ֻǣصʱǮҲֻ˵˵޵˼ֵ٩ζ˵޲ޣøǮˡ
ɵؽӿ˵ʥ
޵ЦͷˣȻ˸㷢̫վ͸㲹ϡ
ûȷ˵Ҳڲϣ͢ǱȻûģҲˡ
ʵ۹Ȼ˼ֻһѱµô¡վһ˵л£
޵ҡҡͷЦѽ
ԽԽúЦڣ㻹ûǮô
ȴֱ׳ӦǮȻԽԽãоо׻Ǯﲻš
޵Цܵͷ޵ö㷢ЩС
߻С鷿Ҫˣúõͷ飬ˣͻȥ˯ɡ
شǣ
޵Ц£ǰǻǾĿĴﵽܰؿ˰ɣ
Ȼʱû˵޵˴ʱӣһ£һд֣һ˵ȥ˯˲ǲ˯һˡ
һڣʱߣ̧ۿʱһյҶֱ̨߼ĵطԾǾμǣ۳֧˯ˡ
ǸӣŵôһСľҪյͷ·ˡ޵ҡҡͷߵǰԭҪģ˯ô𣬲֪ģȻĺɽʱţҲô˯ˣǰĵģ
޵ȻʶԼǺеİɣӲǰչʾԼòҲԼССĻǰŮˣֻһۼӣң⣬ϲǮʮС
ЩʳЩǮԼԼĵĶɣ޵Ц£ԭţָо˵ҪúõذһˣҲ޿
ƿ̨ۣὫ˱𣬷ڿǽϣ߶֮ʱƬۣ֮󣬺ֺܿϣ˯
޵ĵ˼㣬ȷģ˯ŵˣֹ˲ͬˡ
ˡ߽ʱ޵̯ϸĵظ߸ϣƱһˣˡǿԼջĿ⣬ȴѰֻõͷĿصź
ǰֻв²⣬˼ӹƬ̣ʹѵۿڻʵϣԿ
޵ȴǷֻŰߣЩ˽дˡ£˿ʶʮֲףȥƫ˵ɡ
СĵظҴ˱ǣȥˡ񣬸߳ȥǹϤоѹƲסٴη
ȻʴǶҩǼ⵶ֻһǧٿס
ˡ߬ȭͷĬĬظŴ޵ƫ޵£ʵôʱû˯
ˡʻû˯˯
޵ɳƣ̧ۿһۣ־ɫҲЩףüʵɫãﲻڣ
ˡȺ̧ͷ˵ްʽжʲôԸ
ſ񲿵˵ѡ㣬޵㵱治ѡô
ˡɻ顣
ֻΪɻ飬޵͵ֻҪѰʵɣֵܳ
ˡͻȻعȻóҰĿʺձѾȲسֻ֣Ҳ̫ƽοڴˡʲôΣҲЩò׼
Ȼûߵ˼ȻⲢԸ⿴졣
ӶѾȢӣȴûзǽѡʱһ꣬Ұ£ʺעȻҪתƵ֮ϣˡߵѹҲ᲻٣˵ֻҪˡû߼ĻᣬЩϲˣԼ˵Ǹõѡ
ˡ˼һɲǵĶҡѡɻ飬˳뿪ʹӴ˲ټȻȻأϵеϵ
޷ѡһŮ˰ˣЩ˵Ļ£Ҳôġ
ˡ̧ͷǸǡּҪѿڶȴһϢָĳ˱Ļɻ顣
һڣԼһŷǰδеȷȻѾ鰮ζȻѾ˸ܹ׷±ŮˣջὫ޳ڣҲҪñŮ
޵òŵá
ˡķӦûʲôԵѾ㹻ġ޵ȥ˵ˣǳȥɡ
ˡ߳ͼС鷿ǱȥˣˡվԭؿıӰֱʧڣֱοӣĴϣٿκζˣˡŴȥ
ϡҹɫˮͬڴˣȴİ·ˣҹ֮᳹׷
̤У׿ǰѹӣյϢʺ˴Է                        
лҪ˵ҪﶼһˣͿͨ~

 66 

һ, ۾ʱ, ȿͷϹϸɽ¥微һ, 
Ƭ֮, ŷӦӦҹʱ˯ˣæ, Ŀһ, Դյ·ҲɢԼǻʵ۲뾪, С鷿
Ⲣ, Ҳʲôʱ˴, ͷ, ųȥʱŮ衢ֽʵ۵޼ȥӻʵҲǸո, ͣƬ̣ŻʵӦʰˣȥ, ߵſ, ʵ£ҹעôд
߲סŲ޵ޡ
ںʵʵǷС߾Щ, æ˻صͥУﲻ̫ĻһλݣǺӣûô谮Ǽٵġ
ʵ۴Ǽٵô
ʶҡͷǺȷʵ뷨ȷлʵʱǰδеİģְģڱǰδܹģڴˡǰҲûУоƭʵҪá
ֺãǱΪ˶Ů˵ĺáˡʱжǿҵİʵۿĿ⣬ƽͣ˶İŮʱеĿ⡣
ʵϲͷϲޱ߼ʵ˵ûʲôҪлϲԷľƫʳЩöЩЩٳЩ
ϲŻʵӻ½ǣϲڻʵ۲æʱߣһûһظ˵лϲǰʱľ¡ڴˡǰ԰ٰòڻʵǰһʼĳ֮Ҳһͷ
ͻȻеȻĸоԭһʼʵۣĬΪǵദ˽ޡ
ͻȻ޵ˣ
ˡ߶񣬻תһЦôң
˯óûн㡣޵·ģͷҲң̧ȥʰһ£һš
߶º͵Ŀ⣬˲䰲˵£ҵǮ
޵Цͷã͸׼ȥ
߻طȥ󣬴޵ʵ֮ǰǶ٣
ÿ֧Ǯʮǧ֮ʱ߹ǧ
߷޵Ը޵˽֧ȡ߹еĿ
ǻʵΨһŮǰѾԳԾյľȻǹķæӦԪ˵ʲôĿأ
žͼԪЦݵ˽æ˵ϣ޵˵ʺˡ
ԪЦƺ˼˰ٺӸּҶʹĸЩǣֹ֮Կòá
ŵĹŮæʳзڰϣԪֽҿиǣȡһСɵʢһ޵ǰĻһʱŴˣԡ
޵һڣʿڣͻʺˡ
ֻҪ念ǳ֮֮Ԫ£ʳϿ˿żӸɫʹƷЦ¼ʱʼ۽ˣ
ʵǸ׼ģ޵Ը˵ƣֻżһˡ
ԪģԼҪţʹ˸ɫ⣬æߵ⽻Сڼ֪߲ҪٻʱԪ޵˵շʣ永ŮηԾǰɡҵ˻ɼǸŮزʶ£ǷҪ׷飿
Ҫɵˣ޵˵Ҫ֤ȷ䣬֮ܰģʺҲ
Ҫ֤ôȻеġԪЦ˵ǣһٷúðһķڷ˵
Ԫ뿪ʱţ꣬ͼʰ伱߹ϾɲС㣬ղҴӴ￴ʺˡ
ĵһܹܲ˵ʺһš
ǵģʰüͷ˼⣬һ㱿ʺŵĹŮеС㡣
С㣿һ£ŲŷӦ˵Է
ǣʰֻǴӴƳһۣҲûпúУĺ񡣡
ڳαõ£Щˡջ֮󣬻ʵȻûȻԹɫҲµԼǻʺֱʣԷŪˣʺ֣¡
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ͻȻһҲʺҪԸ˲ǴˡҲֻǱԸˡһӡ
ˡ֪֪ԷˣҪҪ֪һ
С
ԷڹԪǰ˵£ūڿຣ֮УūڣԸͿأЧһ
Źγֺֻ춼ˡǰǺС㣬˾ȴҪһССУÿֲ赭Ҫо𣬶γ˼Ȼǲ׼ٻȥôɣ껪ĹټС㰡
죬Էÿ춼γҪؼȥɹγôֻ֣һҧ˲ߣԷ벻ͨǰγģΪʲôһҹ֮䣬е鶼أ
漸죬޸ˣɤӿˣԷĳ޲ȴԽԽŨôĴˡҲʼʹǰĴȴģƫƫǸ壬ǿ벻̣
ȥͷأôˡ֪ܾǶôľԷٿ֣װһģ˽ȴһֱѰһسǵĻᣬڴʱһİҵ˰֡
γȥʻȴֲֻᣬԷĽǣȻݲòֹộҲǾȥĻᣡ
ԷһҪ뷨Լֹ˼죬ǰûٳ֣ȴһòĸˣҹγʻġ
ԷǸ˳ʱһе׷˳ȥǸ˾֣˵ǣĶˣǷˣʵǴˡڽʱ飬ԷᵽˡʱǸ˵۾˲ˡ
˴뿪ֺԷ֪ǻʺʹĹŮʱ־ϲ
ҹԷ˶ĹŮȻʺûнʲôԷģµӦøˡйءû뵽˹ˣȻľݣ
ԪǰֻǲسŲ裬˵ŮҲίĲòˣ㶮Ժ󱾹ıó·
ԷһϲҲлһأæŻʺͷȥ˵ūһΨʺ֮ǴӣֻҪԸһˮūҲǣ
ܺãԪ˹˵ȥѧѧĹأȹЩʱ򣬱ô
Էȥ󣬷ڱϵ˵ΪҪȥأǱϿֻҪз
ҪԪ ֻҪòסĴ֪֪׵˶Ūˣǻܳס
²룬ЦһſɣϷںͷء
Ĺأ֮㲻Ъ磬ʱڣģ⻹ǷٲҪĴ߶߶źɢ⡣ù֮󣬱ôźǷȥͬסĺ
ݴʱϿŮ廨ˣЦ˵ѰʱµĻأȥǼŹζġ
ݱֻܴȥӶϵѾͷóС
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˵˼ѡлݱ˵ûУʺһŮ
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벻ΪʲôˣƣǻʺŪʲô
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ǰųűȥ㹬һ˵֪𣬻ʺĹŮǽߵı㣬Ϊ֪˽֮£߸ȥ˺þأ
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һʱ󣬵ݴɵʱָһ㣬Ѿȫ˵ˣһ˵ڼʱĸǲТһ̾˿Դ߽Ժ󣬹ٲһ̶ˮÿ춼¿˵СǸˣ
֪ܣȻҪ˵ȥʹ죬ȥϵ˵㣬ҲмҪ㣬ǸڼʱͲ֣ζײĸ˵һǸĸҪѰأ
ģ̾ǲТﰡҲ֪֪𣿡
һʵۣݻи˳ӵģЦ˭֪أҲûʲôϵ
ݼϹ΢еʧҲǣɨǰѩɣֻҪ˳ۣЩ˾ģʲôأ
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˵һлɢݳʱŻʺһŮ񣬴һĹŮݲվסˣЦʵǲѽҪȥ
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ݱȤ﹬ÿͷһݣҲȥָȥ
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Ȳ߿ݲͻȻӦ²ǽǸɣæ߼ƣͼǹŮͷ߶ʱСľɫİȹȻ˿δȻǾĽģݲϲüңӾǽǸˣʺͷһͰŪȥƣϷںͷأ
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ݡǰɫ䣬ĹأʱܽͷӶξͰˣһ˱㲻Ҫ˵ʡ
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ʱ˸ǰͷ·Էͷź棬ȵеʱֻŮ˵֪Ҹղžӣ˾ˣ
ԷֻûĺëһէҲǣߡ
һº͵ֻҪӣܻ⡣
ǻʵˣԷһ£
źڼ翴˲Цˡ
һЦԸū澸õҺ
Դȥһ
̧ţͷţԷļǣ޲̸ȥžʵ˵ýɡ
ԷͲһҪǰϽӹУһۣţ
Էص棬ͼ壬棬ʵ˵Ц壬ȴǸͶģʵ۵涼ƾʲô
͸͸ĻһȻԷ˶ˣʺ壬׼أ
лҪ˵ҸҴƱʱľݣ˵ҪǴȥӦҲÿྐྵӿϷݰɣԲԣҵ̣һӦþѾˡ

 67 

ﵱ, α֮ѵ, ԪԴŷȥ޵ֻ˵֮, ɵı, ̫ͬ磬ǸŮ, ɵŮЩ, ƵǸŮǰҲɵǽӽ, ԼҲʶ
, ɵ㶼, Գ֮, Ӧ̽ѺʣʸˮʯԪ
޵˵ԻʺʲôҪ£
Ѳ, ԪҲֻԼˡ
ͽС˳ӳǸ˵ĹŮ, Ǿɷַ֮ȥαõ, ƵĹŮǰҲڶ ޵˵, ۹Ԫȥ鱳ʹĻʺҲܱɡ
ԭʵ⼸ҲûţѼ֮ȫһ飬ζҪѳα̯ƵˣԪһ˳죬Ҳ˳ܵӣЦЦ˵ִƺ󹬣ŮĲ඼Ǿɷֳȥģô˵ȷ檳ϵڻɳ𣿡
ʺˣ޵鰸֤ݣһжҪʵ֤˵Լٶ˽֤գǲ鰸;֮ǰҲ̫ӽ
̫ӽ޷Թ̫̰īʱԹҲûְˡԪЦ˵֤ȻУǸŮǰг檲зƫƫһɡ֤ݡ
ʺԣҲе޵۷ֵֻǷ˴β죬һζ׽Ӱ̿ɲԳͽ䡣Ϊ̣ٺꡣ
ֻǸͨŮȲЩӵŮҪһҲµ»ʵɱӺ˼Ҳұ⣬æлǹԪЩѿٻڣ޵Ѿȿ˿ڣα֮£ͽʡ죬ƱҪˮʯʺȻȥЪŰɣʱ˵
ԪøʱһϺޱ飬һ̤ţ㼱ߣ̲סúúãҪֺα£  
Сѵǽж
Ԫ񣬲ϵҲͻ˲٣ò򷼻˵ģ±һһ˵
ʵۼȻҪȥǾȥɣȲ鵽ˡİ˽飬ճ֤ǲżҪģǾ̰īժ
ŽŶ壬طİӱҲû󣬴ʱ̫һ㣬˵ʺͻȻˣææӭȥʱԪ΢΢һЦ̫̫Աɣ̫顣
ֻ̫£ѹԪӭ鷿Ԫڽ£ʵ⹫ԩˣ
޵ר̸˵ôһ󣬴⼸ձǰѾˣʱĸ𣬱һ֤ʵҪ永Ա׷߿䡣 
ԪЦһ⹫Ǳݵģʲôò飿ȷط棬ٽ᰸ɡ
Ϊѵ˵طǱǮӵʱص㶼˵һľǹ³ܹܣ֤л³ܹܸط֤ȷ䣬Ӳò顣
֤ȷ䣿Ҫô˵ˡԪζ˵µҪôܶµ˲붨֤ݶǰҲûáӦҲ˵ˣαõ£׮׮ָűʹɣѾ֤֤㸸ʣ㸸ȴַ²ٺְ
鵽ͷϵ´֪ģ˵ܷüʵĪǸб֤ݣ֤ʵɣ
㸸ȦĻʹءԪ˵
ʵ˭
Ԫ˵ֻһָָָԼæô᣿ǲˣ 
ûʲôᡣԪҡҡͷ̾˿㸸Ҫɽ𻢣˶֪ӳء
ԽԽͿʵǺ⣿
ԪͻС¶ǵˣӿ㸸ʵͷ⣬һֱڸŵģ㶼ûִ
ֻ꣬ȷʵôǵˣէȻ˵𣬲ɻ󣺡Σ
ôˡңӢԪʴһսӢ̰ðȫû⹫ȴΪŤתֶܾ£Ȼ˶֪ӢǾȡˡδô룬ֻ㸸ʣҲδô롣
һס˵ʴһжۣӦò˰ɣ
˵˵㸸ΪʲôҪʹˡԪʵ
زҪͳ֣ۿĸһΪȻԼЩ˵ȥʵѵô
ҲֻúɵӰˡԪЦһ㸸Ϊʴ£Ҫˡżææͳȥˡһ˽ͱײƣ㸸ԽұָʹԽҪҳҵĴˣԳԴˡء
Ŀɿڴβŵô᣿
ô᣿Ԫѵ㿴ôҪӢ£̫λãǡ
˵ȴԽԽţǰͲĸֻ֮û뵽ȻԼϣѵĸӿشˡ
޵Ϊ̰ī˵ĻϰƺЩЩʧǴΪûãΪиصˣ
Ԫ粻ֵ̰ī漰Ľһȷն׳ҵĴֻƾط漸仰Ҫȫ⹫ͷϣֻ룬⹫ˣΣλã㻹ȣ£Ҳۣ˭кô 
㱾ܵ˵
㸸ʿ϶û˵ɣطһר̸ȥϰġԪЦ˵ǴĻǣΪʲôú룡
ֻͷҺһƬһʱǴ޵еĿ⣬һʱǹ˼ЩӦһʱǹԪŵ˵γɵĹͻȻֻ̮ģҲͷ  
ԪվҪȥˣϸ룬⹫Ǳ֮
̲С
Ϊ壬ط㲻󣬶һֵһһ±ƽʱطƵЩ˼죬еæӹһľƣĨĨ죬Ҫ±ʱȴͻȻˡιؽһ
̧ͷһ⼸ηﲻ֪ʲôʱѾûˣһ溺һվţ㿴˭
̧˵Դطһⲻ߿³ܹ𣿾ͼɵĴģһǳϺɫģʮˣط߶µϸһŷ³ܹܾǱס˲ӡ
³ܹܲҲѺУҲҪ֤Ǿ̲ﶯ֤ˣط˵һ죬̴˰
ӵ͵һЦط棬㿴ˣܲסԼ죬³
˫ֶš³ܹ߶һʱͷµóģǶѪĿصط棬طһ˲˹ȥ
ѹʱ±Ӻ³ܹܵʬѾˣΧηķһ٣ںȾƳԱղŵһоͺǸجΡ
ط֪ΣȻۣͨ±סŴ˰Ҫйй
ĺ֮ʱԸϹӵƣÿյֻһССʹƹⲻ¹֮ɫ̫µֹ֮ӵֶͤ࣬ˮƮƮشԸϣӳɫƹ⣬Խˡ
ڸ룬ֻҲۺ٣̲סŵʵôʱˣ¸ﻹû
۾λҲûء
˵ʡջҪôݵԼҲû
˵ʱԶԶһ䣬ԵرȷŻ࣬ǱӱˣԼͿˡ
ֱһȿһӽӻľĹ߳ͷǸʣѵһĿɣǵӣƣСɾĶã
ҲһۣЦ˵л̫ҵĶڽ²ɣ
֮УȴҲлٵֶ֣࿴˼ۣ޵Ȼ鴫ء
С
Ԫ·Űоһױݣص˵ͷΧߣԪ۷΢΢ף⣬˲첽ȥ
ƫıԷ۰Ͱ͵ŴһȺŮӵŻʺߣĽȴڴʱȻԷʲôأ
Էæͷֻ߽Էæ񣬽ùáЦвùùˣֻǸСС̣ȴһġ
ԷȻֻ죬ȴҲ֪ʺʮأæЦūôҸùȣ
£Ҳ£ЦӴ𣿡
ӣԷ⣬ҡҡͷū澲ϵӡ
ѾͷأЦӴǰˣܲ㣿
ԷڰʱϢһŲ֪ʺֿŴˡϢʶʱֻһãȻʵҼңùΪô˵
Ѿͷѵ治֪ӾǴǰסŵĴ޹ѽ
Էһ
С
޵߳ţӭۿԺվţŹŮķӣһŮǳ˫٣ԽԵɰ޵ʵô
ȥԾ£һ˹ĵģҲȥ䡣Ц߶ʱҾʹʰһ𣬲֪˻ΪҲǹŮأ
ãȥɡ޵΢΢Цţ޵ȥԸһʲôԵģ졣
֪ˣȻһЦʵۻ˻֣¿ȥԾưɣȱˣҲˡ
޵Цų˹ţ߳ԶԶԪڹŮĴӵӭЦӯӯ˵ˣǶѾԸȺʱˡ
޵Ըȥʵʺ󶼰ʲô
ԪݸһЦ޷Ǹѣףֻ벻ñ·ۡ
̧ͷ޵ñϲ糿ȥĴҶԪµӦòҲʡѡ˸ɾСţų̵ģ﷼̨Ҳһ̯λĽö˶Ǳ߽Ρ֬īֽӦоУµĻ߹ɢˣȥϲһ
޵׵ǻʺ˼ɣȹɢһȥ
˵ŻѾԸǰԭһ¥¥һƬɵ̨ʱɫӳϣӨ͸¹һ㣬¥һȦȣҲƾ£ΪרŽ¥
еңңۺ󲢼ǰվӭӣ޵¥ԪλһΪĵӣŮˮ۵װ˸ɫ˵ܺڸʳǰźã輧̨Ͽʼ裬޵һ£뵽Ҳ֪ʱȥˣˣ
Уʰװһģһ˹šһ·ϵŸɫԼԸ˿֮С·һգʰڵԵӰţֹһͼһݺͷ߳ȴȥĶ߲ƲƲ죬ʰ⡣
ݺߵԶˣ߽ӣһźɫҲǹŮǳɫʽǱʰҲҲһźɫӣִȡһƤµ·ڲݴ˲һЦ
ͷҲĸӰɣݺ˵ȥǣߵ͵͵Ц׼ҵҲУ
ʰæ˷٣²㣬ָֻͨˣԺ͵͵˸б٣ȴʱٲȻѾһģ
С㣬ȥĶʰʵ
ͤǱߵ·ڵŰɡ⣬ʹֵصÿӾڸһ飬ǱԸЩ룬ϵӦÿǡ
˼ٵĵطһ·ͷ߹ȥھͤʮӱ£װˮµĹˣʱԶĽŲѲߵˣ߻عͷʱлٵĿ⡣
ȻһЦлƬ̣µĲȴͣܿ·ߵԶˡ
С㣬˼𣿡ʰ̲סʵ
˭֪ءһ«έˮţһʱҲеò׼ûףķӰɡ
̧ȥˮ¹ǵ⣬ԶһֻƤСˮƮƮҡҡ˳ˮˣĹ˷ŵģ«έˮм仮ţҪסյˮƣ˵֪ҲҪһյˡ
ͻȻһֻ֣ù«έлٵڶ
ʰæ˵ϾŶл̽ںϣһ棬е«έǡǡýסյɫСƣ߲ߵ£
¡ߵ͵һЦҪҪˡҴ
л϶һ£յСˮƮҡű±ȥˣлٺܿٴ«έ˲һ£յˮ˸ת׻ˣлסݵɣǵùһŻȥǹģ;˽ȥԸͲˡ
ֻͷŻȥ߲˰ЦſΣ
ʵΣȻܸܲˡϴμǰʵۣǴˡлЦ£ﲻȱ㣬ƾ£˵ܿ㡣ֻǰ·ȥǱ߷ֳһȥˣûеƻҲ
վ첽ƻȥȥѰ                        

 68 

Ը, ŮǰҪˡ, ˡ˰֣Լǰ̽һ, һ
Խ, ̨ϵ輧ɿתţ׵ȹһʢĻ, ⶼǻЦ, ˡȴֻһԲɫ塣
ƽʱƣһʱ, ۾˼, ͷѹ˼֣ȴʲô, һĹŮæһ, аԾȴڴʱ޵ңң˵ɣԾƲ̫
ˡ¾ƺ, һ񣬳ǡ
޵֣ɡ
ԪЦʮ겻ڹ, Ҳѹֱ¸ע
޵ʮ֮ҹ, ˡֻ¶ǶһȹвЩˣָԼʳϵĸɫʹƷܺе͹ȥ
Ů˹ȥ, ڴˡϣˡл֮һһǸɫʹʯѡź֮࣬һǸɹҩľϡ˿÷㣬һװۼӣҡ
ˡͻȻ˰ӣҵǸˣ˻ʵһۣ֮ܺԼҲΪɣ
ջĿ⣬һƣͻȻһʶ¥һͼлվڵƻ̧ͷգգ۾
ڴʱէȻͣסˡٱһ֮ʱȥæϣˡֻڰ֣¡
λϣԪһƫͷæս͵˵ϡ
꣬һڼùĽ˳ãβڴˡ¥ݡ
ˡµ¥ֻţлʱɫʵ£
ݡлٿڴ΢Ҳǲɫ˵졣
ӦԼĵص㣬ǣΪ£⾭һʱȴЩطˡһʱ벻ԭ򣬱ֻ΢΢ףµģȥˡ
¥ϣԪƳǸСڼһ·Ŵˡȥˣ޵ȥȥ
޵ֻҪ£Ҳ⣬Ԫ˾ӵĵطȥûˣæ˵ϺǸѾͷһģһһȥˣùѾԸǵټʱ
һģһԪ룬ԸֻթƤӵˡ
ǡ
ӦˣһŮԸһǹŮȥˣŴӵŹԪлѣ߳ʱ翴ֵµСѾͷ㣬Ǳ߰˸ˡ
һգŸλػԪѾˣֻ˵֪ǲãִˡ
˭֪ߵ¥ݸǰǰ˸ŴˡСڼҲҴҵͰ͵˵㣬һֱͷţϰ첻˳ﲻסȥһûˡ
ԪѾѿûõĶȥң
СڼæʧˣԪѹŻ¥޵ʱϲ¶Цģ̧ˡϯϿ˿ӻûô
޵޿е죬ֻǳȥɢˡ
ԪЦ˵еƻ𣬵о֮û˸ţе㲻ģȥҰɡ
޵룬ͷʺǵȫȥ
ӦˣԪ΢΢һЦûʵ۵ۿȻá
ˮߣˡܿƻ𣬴߰˸ߵ«έݵķȥԽԽң紵ʱ«έҶӷ׷Ҵǰʪ˿Ьĵӽʪ⣬żһ˳ŽֺȾȥ
ˡýŲЩ鸡ͣͣҹ磬̾˿ƽʱƣ˼֪ƾ
Ȼɫ֣մá
ңңݰҹɫ˴ձ徻ڣǰݺһɫֻŸӣΪȡľ֮⣬ڽ֮ʱҲŵƽʣֻһһյ͵Բ°ĵ΢ӣԽĵΧž
лٽΪΣ
ˡ߹ˮϵţһֻɭɭβ˼ˡ޾̣
û˻شֻڱŵƹϸ΢졣
ˡǵȥֻһ޾̣
һֻŸ̤ڰУͻȻǰѻǣӵˡҡ
ߡ
һֻűվڹŲȥˡ񣬺תߣ½ͻȻסˣڱ󣬵͵͵˵Żߡ
ʶ񣬴δ˵֣˾⣬ˡЩĵ׸Ųվסˣã˵֡
ȻɿˣȻˡȴһգ·һϵҲŷſ½ʧˡ
ˡ˻صУ˵Էڻʺ
ԭҲǣ֮䣬Ҳֻʣ㲻ܼĹˡ˵Ի
㶯֣ż顣ߵˡʺһֱأֻҪһмѭ⼸ջʺԷͣܣҲ¾Ϊǳ֡
ǣԽԽŨˡԽ̧üģЦһ˭ǣ
û죬Ҳش𲻳⡣
ⷭӿţԽǿңˡֻǱߣ˵ǻʵ۵ˣųƵһǡ
ûеõĻش𣬴ˡ̧ǰߣԺҪҡ
ˡûȫİգñ䵭Ҫҡ
㣿ˡЦһٿתͷںڰжʱҵ²ܱʵ֪ǣδ̫Щ
ͷˡ΢΢һЦʵ֮ʲô£ôǵˡ
ǵˣˡ˲䱻ŭһߴѹǵصѹȸУĲǵˣãҪҪһ飿
ʶغһǰϤǸ䵭ԳֵĴˡǶᵽһɵľ㣬ȵĺﶼľź֪ķ֣˾ơ
촽ߴ˼Ȼƣαࣿ
θɣˡʵ
ֱָٴȥüģͼһЩȻ΢ãҹɫУֻǰԽԽԶԽԽƮһεУϿҪ
ˡֽǰһ΢˫ܸ˰ɣ
ˣû˵¡ഩȥЩ˵
첽ӱȥˡ˼ظȥţֻˮȥˡҲţؼˮ߶£ˡ׷ǰȴͻȻ£˫ˮһ̣ŵ͵һЦ˹˵ţ
ˡ֣ܵ¹һգһƬҰ׵Ӱӣʶֻˮ˫һĺˮѳˮεεأһ䵽ϡ
ͷƬѣȴᣬʹɬм˿˿ƵĻϲˡͺһ
¹£ͼ΢Ʋ˺촽ĵ˵Σ
ϸ紵ϵˮܿ͸⸴գŨҡˡվǰɰˮߵˣظǾ仰
Ρ̫֪ԼĲͬԲѳ
˵ıˣѾ˻ʵ۵ŮˣҪô
ŭԼˡ˵֪߳ܣ
ȴ̧һЦɫûһ˿ûбĻ˵𣿡
ˡȻǸҹʡիջʱҲ˵仰ԭֹǵãҲǵá
ģֻʲôĿҪӦҲһ˿ģ
ˡڸӵ˵ݡ
ʲôݣվ˫½ϲ˲ȻһЦˡǰΪʲôݣ
ҿʲôҪ㡣
ʴ˶ˡƿĿⲻȥȻΣֻԺǻҪ׿񲻿Խĺ蹵صӵ뻳
Сˡתߡ
ȴڴʱ͵͵غһѽ
ˡ̱תȴȹǣһֻӣɫЬĻ̌
ɫЬӰӰ´һۼԼʱһǲȵ˺ӱߵʪˡˡƳһۣٴתһŲ죬ǰԷԺȥˡ
ˣʲôҲûϵˡˡ˵
ǸŮ˾ǻʺΪһӣʧˡ
ҡҡͷԷô죬˵ĻҲ˵ȥˣ˵Ļʻȥɱ벻ɱûʲô𡣡
תݵķȥȻкﲻ㣬ȥǰ˵
ˡıӰжȻһ˿⣬ǺҲǺԼֻƣԼ͸ȴԸ
ؿƬ̣ȻͷŵķȥȴڴʱСϼƻˡ
ǲ˼ˡ˲䷵أһѽֵ߳İӰ֮С
½磬Ҷҡβˡѹˡ
˺촽΢̣Цÿɶ񣺡ֻҪ㲻ڸǰʲôˣ
ˡߣ½ȴסһл˵
ǼƻԽԽҪűߣˡһȻڰֻҪһգٱض¶ţѰһ׵ڡ
󣬵ߣ
ںΧʱϸԲ˲УΥ˲㷭ӿ
ˡòͻȻƮˣת֮УһѾƿݵ飬С
ֻЦһڱӦ֮ߣһʣν׽
һû˵ˡ΢ӣһǣʲô
һڣȴֽƿһǺȶ˾ƵԵʣ˵
͸ߵĴȣͼǼƻѾ֮ϣǰһȴ
ʵ۵ˣ֪ѰѰ
ѴҴҽܿһ飬ԲɵݣϣмһΣϷ٣ϹŶɹĵطûС
һͷɲ׽ôǰһƣͿˡЦЦ˴ˡʵ¸ô죿
ҲЦ̫ҲǾ֣ˡ˳ĿʵΣ
뷨Ӱɣ¡߳Ŵոŵ˵ֻҪ㲻ڣҾײҲû¡
ӣҴδӹˡ
˵ô죿ߺһۡ
ƹѽǰߴСڼŵµĲ±˲ȹ˵㼣ܹܣǲڸϸң
ʶصͷȥˡɫ۽ǵ£ɫ˿Ьİ׵ϣҲմˮת֮䣬ѸٶͳӣҴҽʱĽӡȥȴڴʱĹӳϴ̤һš
һˡסڴæŽöӡһᣬѱˡţԾ˷
ǰٿһŵա
ˡ룬ֻ§ˣִһſźӰסΡ
ŵ£ŵ߽Ĵһ飬ϸ鿴
ǰźѹŴˡʵı۰ĸоϮ߶񣬴ӳӸµȥͼСڼŵ·ɢѰˣյͨҲҿżʱȻҪײ
һ죬һŮҴܹܣʺԸū澸ؾҵӣ󲻱㣬ˣ
δɨĺϻźĻҳˡüȴӻҳζзֱϸ㣬ǽߵΣգҹФŮˣˡз֮ȴڴʱƳĺһתƲƲ졣
ˣЦѣƽ׸˻ʺһɡˡƿĿ⿴ŵ£ͼ˵紦߹ȥһĲ鿴š
ѹҳζ̵꣬ˡŲЩȴֵʧ㻬£ֻŬһطӡʱʱƳһۣҲٿֻǵͷɫ㱡
ʲôĪζԸҪģʲô
ɴʱߵУȴһҡǿҵϢľ޿ײذΧͣļϽ
߻ʶʵǱҪЩԭлٸҲԲ˵ʲôֻҪʺٶУҲֻͽ͡
ǧټҲϲðգЩǰδеİ˲٣ȻᵽΣյһɲǣǶˡ
ҲΪӴˡᵽͬΣյϢżݡ
Ѳ鿴һ飬ſȥʵҵ
ûˡСڼ
߳⣬ͤǱȥ
ŹϣƹʧŲԶָܻ˼ž
һˡԾºżⴥһɲǣˡɿ
صȥ޷˵ĸп첽ſȥ˵ɡ
ڴ˴˵ˡˣ˵
һ£˼˴ոմͷβҹһ飬Ӧò۷ǰȫ
һ£ҷʶģһֱʺȻ޷֡ҸˣԺҲ㡣
һѾ߬ס˵֮֮ȥҵʲô
лҪ˵ߣʲôҵСż~

 69 

Ź⻬, ´, Υĸо˿˿Ƶش͸˴ˡ
ץ˦, Ӵٲͷ, ģҲ޷̰ס  
߾Щ, ŤŤ, ȴץĸΣҺڵҹɫУǳ, ˶̶̵, ʱɴ⣬ǵﾹҲһ˿ҡ
֮, ԭ, ǻһˣԼﰲοǴˡ, Σܲͷ
̧ƤЦЦ˵ҪΣݡ 
ʱ˵, ֻ, Ȼһ仰ȴԭԵĺ蹵ٴλˡеİԽʢҲԽʢ, ڻʵǰģ˳ϲɰǰȴậֻҪһⲻ˱̵Ѫֱ 
ˡڷӿطʣҲ̣ʲôݣ 
סڸУ˵ʲôݣƵ˵Ҫ˵ĸ𣿡
㾡˵ĸЩǧٿףˡȴֻοס˿á
һھ
ȴЩʲôݣʲôҲǣֻŻʵۣ˰ˡ
˵ˡҲ˵ΧһƬžΨеɫ
ˡʾ쵽Щԣ˽гôͱʱȻʱֻ΢΢ü˼
ѵʵ֮䣬
ˡͻȻ쵽޷ܣ޹һ㣬ˣһһֻڶš
޷ƵѹŻϲʵô޻˵
ȴɿüͷߺظЦ⣬ô᣿һж롣
ЦȴɺޣˡȻٰ㲻ţȴɿƵסˣһϢѹ
ȻϷŹ촽ֵҽ֮Լ㣬ֻǲò͸Ϣңò˰ɣ
ֻԼйŮֻ£ǧֲᣬˡǷſ˵ֻ㵨ôȴϡ
ʧȴͻһաʶظ΢΢һЦʲôҲûҪʲô
ûˡżּڽΪڴ˴Ϊһ𣿡
ʺ󶢵ýЩøͨߵˡڵǣûʱп˵ɢɡ 
֣УԼûнȫ߳ȥɡˡƿĿ⣬ȥҪ˵ʲô
˵֪ģ֪ҲһֻҪҲ¶ǰȫġߵ
ʶͷһοٴеģľ𱻻ʵ֪ɼӲЩҲܹʧ١ˡ˵Ѿ֪ҹȥʶֻҪܹ̹ȻԣȻġ
ֻҪ̹ȻԣȻ¡ǲȻð
뵽֮ǰʵ˵е£ΨˡһУ߻ȻʶҲιԼΪô
ڻУãҾ
ˡز׽֣ĸؼ֡
ߴʱѾʶԼʧԣæŵм֪Է̫̫ϺүŮ̫̫Ϊ˱סλʹһ͵ת
⻰ͷת̫ӲҲЩȣˡԽɣ˵΢²ʲôˮ
Ҳ˵߱Щȣʶرҵһμʱֻ˵±ңǷǽľŮ
ôѫңۣΪһӾ뵽ͷϣ֮ǰΪʲôͻȻ˽ҵľλˡѵЩô
ȴˡʣΪʲôҿң
һ£ͷͼľˣֻεضҪĵҲȫڸɾ
Ҫ˿͸Ǳ߶ӭĿ⣬ƲƲ죺̫ˣƳѬˣҲ뱻Ѭ
ȴЦһ£Ŀɿڹƻ󣺡Ųţܿ˵Ǽ١
ͻȻͿҪ֤ʲôһ㣬ҲһЦưӭĿ⣺ôҲš
ˡڻʱŻԽţԽҪһϸ¡ˡͻȻͺͻ޺ۡͱô൶֮ڱ֣ҲǺδˡ
ŲŵģʲôҪˡ֪֪֪֪
ԽˣƿĿ⣬ˡ֪Ķ˵ˣڸ˵ˡ
зԼܣڣе㲻֪롣
ˡʱգһǰȴˡʶԼԼǿ⵽һ࣬һ߲²ţһ˵ǰЩȥʻӦǱ⡣
ʶʵҵ£ʻ£
ˡʵΪλǻ£
Ϊ¶ңЩŹ֡߻˵ң϶Ϊһ죬ܸоʱƺЩԹޡҲ֮䣬Ϊ
ˡһõǡʣʶģԽ֪ǳ˿ɱȡһ㵭ĻϲˡļĸŮѳ̵ҲȥԺУ˵ֻ顣
һɵ㣬ߵ㲻ЩŹ޹ʣȴƫƫʮơ
ʵһʽľˡµ˵ʲôҲһ˵ 
ҲҶˣ΢üϾ´ҺܺãҲµƺֲӦˡ
ʵ۴ܺáǵ㵭Ļϲ˲Ϣʧ٣ǰܵˡʵȻܺãΪʲôֱȥ
ԭֻǶһ䣬ȴЩסˡǰʵ۴ôãΪʲôδȥʻʵأǲңǲܣ
ȻʶһֱڻʵǰľӪһġǵԼЩƽթЩһ棬޼ɵչʾڴˡǰȴʶڻʵǰ
Ҳǻʵ۴̫ãʧҲ֪ʵ۴Լˡ֪Ŀɴ
һΣ벻ҲԸ룬ڲ²˵⣬ȻֱҹͻȻԼЩ
ˡĻãȻĵǵԽԽǿңסʵ׼ΰ㣿
ʵ׼ΰҲʹΣȻ𰸣ȴܸ
߻عЦһ£ǴʱӦԻʺ飬̸ҵ˽¡
ڻرܡˡ˼תʵ֮䣬ضҲʲôΪ֪飬ʲôأ
֮Ҳټ㣬ˣʺٶ²⣬ƾԷļ仰ƲʲôˣҼԷʵҲ֪ʲô
ǰЩ޾ЩŰʹӵǣûе֪Ȼãڽ֮ǰҲ룬Ȼʱ׿˵ȴɱس˹ȵס
ȻȴǲɿƵصˡ˵ʺﲢ£˽£Ҫġ
ֻ˵ǻʵۣʵô˵
ˡ˵ҶŮѳ棬Ļ۱˭ҵ֤ݣ㶼ٲ
ʼҵĳţṫ֮ڣֻᴦ֪ˡһۣЩŮˣҲˣʱǱ£ҲỤ㡣
ǸѰԾĹŮǵ㲻̧ͷ
ʹγԼ˭γĴǣ˵϶֪һЩĻģʵѾȥʹʵ۵õʵĲ룬ʵۻɱ
ǳɵʼҵĳţܱ֪еԽԽʢߵһ£˵ЩΣ̫ҽֵӦҵ
ˡһۣ˵飿
𣿡ʵ
һڣʱ
ڴˡԣδʾĿ˵£ȻƣǸ߸ϣƸ߰oͽĹʱ㲻ȷǵһΡ
ˡ˵ʲôζϣȻһӵǷܹӦ̱ʶǲ
ԭĵײŵģһֱǸ絶±ŪˣҪģҲʼֻ
߰յ˼㡣ⲻûеѾǵǸŻ򰢵ĺˣǰ̻¶еĲԥ
֣̿᲻ȷֻԼߵڣǰ;ѣҲͷ
뵽취ûʵ۲ɱ
߱۾һ͵һЦ
ˣҸղţȻˡ
ʱѾһƬǰˣģ㲻Ҳ飬Լ飬ΪڣҲ֪ˡ
ĺ촽΢΢ЦԵã˵ʼҪڳţɴˡҲ֪׮šͬһ˩ŵƣҪǱˣɲұ֤ˮ
ԴˡҾǰԼһۣ˵Ļв۲ޱߵɫȴвˡҲҲ
ϤǸФǸɫ䵭ȥѹֵİȴ˿˿ˡ˵Ϊұûз㲻ˮô
㣬ͲͷȻһЦɱңʲôôʺͷһͻĵϡ
ˡа޽ɱ㣬󻼡
Ҳǽѡضôϧ
㲻ġЦţգգ۾ɱңôϵڡ
ǿ͸ĲᣬԲ޼ɵˡһʱ֪λش𣬱ֻؿһԲ
ģҹǰе鶼˵ԺҲ㣬ֻҪ㲻ȥͲῴҡ󻼣󻼡߲䵭Цӯӯ˵ȥʲôϢĻǵ˸˵һ
ĽҲӣûʵۻ
ˡڴʱ˿ڣԣҵĿģ
µΪһССԷͻŵðĵزίתۣҲֻľ£ϾԼĺ󻼡
ڸղ֮ǰһûôҡͷ˵
Ҳʱڻʵ߹̫ݣڳˡʱȻЩ˼·ֱʱſҶ·ӡ
ôˡţӡĿĵؽӽ
Ȼϸ룬ҹȷʵ֮ǰЩһҹʾЩδĿһһģǰչ¶
ǰжŲͬĿȥҲ䲻һʱʱ֮ܳ⡣
벻ǣҲطҪɣߺһۣˡ˵ˡ
ת˲Ц⣬⼸ôģʮǰԷ硢ңͬԷͽܱǶǸ׶㣬ڿܿܲô˭Ҳһ꣬Ϻүĸܼ۵ϸͬðլԺңҾ˵ҳӵ£֮Ϻү̫̫ĸĸͬһȺʣѳ££ܴһسǣڡ
벻׵⼸֪£ôҵҵģпʲôʱϺүйҲ²ΣΪʲôַŹң
빬ʮǰ¡ˡ˵궬ѡ㣬º󣬷Ϊ
Ҳ˵ʢ裬Ϻү͹˼ҷ򸾵ͬһꡣʮǰû빬߿ŴˡɵͻȻ㴮һҵĳţṫ֮ڣ̫̫Ϊʲôû£
²棬˲֪ˡ˵
ʮϸͬǸңǲǻô£Ǽ˵ڣΪʲôǹ˼ϷޣǹγͷģȴȻһЦôҪúò飬ܲ鵽֪ҵܣҪЮˣһԼ˭Ҳؼɵ˭  
¹ǡڴʱ͸촰һϣ̺Ĵһ㵭׵ɴˡ뵽Ʒζһ֡
֪̫ܡƯŵ¾ƣˡ⣬˵ҸҪЮ㣿
ߵ͵һЦվԼɡҸˣӻʺԼڵǣҲҵ̫á
ӴĶȥţȴֻعͷգգ۾ˡ벻ȤϷ
ԸС
ͣЪյգԪЦ޵˵£Щˣȥߡ
Ҳãһȥ﷼̨ߡ޵վ΢Ц˵˵ʺ﷼̨ʵȥ
ԪǰΧںһ·ҹ﷼̨ȥ
Ԫ۲񣬲صͷԪһ·ڴ̧ǵƮƤˮƣЦ˵˵ƽһ죬ҹɫɲһô
޵˳Ŀ⿴ȥȻһ㽿ɫƯˮϣȻݵΩΩФ
Ц滹ԴԴϵƯأҪҪȥ
޵ЩϱҲͣ˳߹ȥźӵһڼ·̫һƾȴճ«έŵһӰ˫٣޵վסŲ
ôţݵ
δ䣬ǹŮŻһ㣬¶һ˸ߴΣ죬Ѿ˵ǲ
޵ϵЦʱʧӰ١                        
лҪ˵ٺ٣ҪҪ²ºΣ

 70 

Цʧ, ޵ɫ̱ȥ
, ɫȴҲƳ޵ɫЩ, ̱æס, оɲֻԼ, ȴֲ֪ʲôɻ䡣
Ԫһ, վ˿ŶŶŮӣŴ޵΢΢һЦҹͨ, ֵĹҲǸ߶ˣ, żںӱ߹䣬Ҳʲô¡
ۼ˾ǵҲҲ, ƫƫʺֻṬŮ߶, ֲֻӣӺҺҳ, ȴⲻ˲²ⲻѡ
ʵɫãǸŮţĪӾ֮ѳֲס, ȻĻϯ, ŮȻʲôǱ˵ײƾˣҲѹֻʵϲÿ
޵ֻǸӵıӰ, ȥ˭
Զ߷̵̫æŵܹȥˣ޵ֻǳŶ棬ͼ«έе·첽ߵӰϣ޵񣬳ʡ
ȻǴˡ
µӰ˲ӹͷ޵ɱ˶ںŮӣһŭ
ˡɹڶ԰վţ޵ȲƽҲ˵ҪΣֻؿǸӵŮԥһ£Ҳתͷ߹վڴˡ޵ȥȴֲ
߻谵ˡεס룬ټ޵һʱжϲǲߣŭ֮ԽԽ
ûΪ˼ȻߵŮˣ죿οһ£
Сڼڹţһ·СˡȥҡҡλεģճһƬ⣬Ԫ΢Цվڴ޵ԣ£ӻûƽء
޵ػֻؿŶ԰ͼСڼܿܵ˽ǰĹյöȻһƬˡŮӾ̵̧ͷ˵ˡӵˡ
޵ͷһɡ
ߡԪϵЦ˲ʧ١
ãֻ޵ƽɡ
ˡֱʵʵôѰ㲻
ˡüģЩоƣԭɢɢƣߵʱʯͷ˯ˣ·ҡ
ǸŮᵽԼֵ̿˵ū׾ûСĲ˵µĽţˡ
Ԫʵ㵽ʲô
ū뵽ӱ߷ˮơŮͰ͵˵
޵˳ŵƹ⿴ȥŷ«έйȻһʯʯͷԱֶһյûеСƤˮơһжԵϣ޵ֱԡ
һж̫ɺϣ̫ɺϵ飬ܻвΪ֪Ļ
ԪѾָ򶨣Ц޵˵£Ȼҵӣһȥ﷼̨ɡ
޵Ƴһۣ˵Ϸÿô޻ȥ﷼̨ʲô
תߣݡݣȻģʺһȥɣ
ԪϻǿԳʵҪȥ
ҪȥҲ¶֪ʺɡ޵˵꣬ͷҲصˡ
һƬž˴Ҳҳһģģƺ˵ãôֲǺֻ֪ʵ˻ʺͺݡʺǲǣĵȥݣͼͷޱ飬Ǳȴһǵͨ죬ίɻҲ֪ô˻ʵۡ
Ԫһؿ԰ͼˡվڵƹУɫҲϲŭҲһ̧ۣˡ
һã޷죬ΪʲôͻȻĲӣ
Ԫܣ˵ԱɣЩʣҪȥˡ
æӵȥԪȥԽԽԽԽƣʵ۾Ȼһٶصӣ֮ô
ǰŸ̤޵ԪһƼϹŵҤʼ绨˳ץˤȥϹ𣬶ôĲ
˺عһƬϥǵõƬҲ˵꣬Ҵææһ˫ַϣȰϢŭȳԿڲ衣
Ԫӹһڣ£˶ȥ
Ů̫ǻæųţֽŹϣԪ£ѷŵϸ˵һ飡
ǡڵϣ˵ū澵˷ȥ˺ӱߣֵµСֿ̫ϸǸŮҲӱȥ֪Ҫ˽ᡣ±˿ĲУԶԶںһֱǣۿӺͽ϶«έ˵ǸŮͷѷ磬ǸϽ˻
мһֱ𣿡Ԫʵ
мһֱţֱ߳Ը¶μ뿪
ԪЦ˵ͳʱ䣬أػ
æ˳ȥˣû˱ˣԪһڲˮһЦ˷ðҲǶĿˣȻôôһ
Ҷ˵ֻȰʣҪˮʯ
䣬Žɫɷףˣ
ʲôԪһôģ
С
޵£ʲôʱȥģ
ǰߣ潭ʹʰȥˡ̽ɫСش
ȥ޵Ը
ӦҪߣּһСڼһ·СŹվ£ܹˮˣ
ˣǱʺ˿ڣǱˡµ֣޵˵ɣʲôҪ
żֻ˵Ƥ£һɹǸͨ
˻µʱûʵ۷ôƢһѺС߻ȰοϢŭūȥѰ
δ䣬ѾһĽŲߴЦҸʲô
޵һӻʱ֪˲侹Ȼɢһ룬žͼЦݵ˽һɺıʸЦӯӯ˵£﷼̨ǱС̯ڼиϼʱһɺˣ£
Ŵ޵ڳɫһЦߵ˾ͺãµĹȥҹأ
ѵܶ˲ɣ߰Ѻɺʸ޵ǰϵù·أ
ģƵӳǹ⣬޵̾ӹǸʸĦţ̧ͷǶ°ɡ
æ˶˳ȥ˳ִţֻʣ޵˵ֻϸϸߣɴŷӣ˫٣ϸʱ«έǸŮȻһģһĴ磬ǾֹҲԼһʱ鼱Ȼû⵽
һж̫ɣʺԸʱɣݵɣˡĳɣǸһģһĹŮɡ
Ǹо֣˿֪顣
޵ָ̧ߵͷʵһľ֣
70.2
޵˵꣬ߡ֪Ѳϵǻһ΢ϣҲأҲֻһأ
Ȼ͵һЦץҡҡôģ
ˣ޵һʧ㲻֪ô˵ȥȻû˿ľ⣬ֻЦӯӯ˵·һ̫࣬˵Ҫȥ﷼̨ȴһ·ӱȥֲɵӣ﷼̨·ʹˣŲӱȥأ
޵üͷв̫һ
ȵ˺ӱߣȻڵϹģƼˡŶӦýˣƼҾ֪ԡЦžҲӦǰҸӴյһȻαǴһץأ
أ޵ʵ
һѳסǸ̫࣬ʰȥӣˣҰǸཻ̫ϽʰӶˮŹӣȥ﷼̨ˡ£˭ȥˣ
޵ʵǸ̫೤ʲôģ 
ĸ߸ӣ˵ʱҲЦȥͦġƲƲ죬˭֪Ǹ̫࣡
òѾˣ޶֤ܻ֤ˡ޵˵˵ѡ
˵ѣټٲŵֵĻѻڳ˲ܷ࣬ʵ۲ڳթءɫ̹Ȼͷһ޹ûѽ
޸ղʵǣǲľ֣޵˵ʧô֪˵ӣ˵ˣô֪˾֣
ԭˡҿǰ뵽һ㡣һЦżֵ˵£֪ڽʱʲôɣ
ʲô޵ʵ
ҲŻصң˸˵˭ҲҪӡ߶׵еˣ̽ϹϵһСŵʣʵ۲ûֹ˼һˣЦ˵ӲȥʱҼҵ˶ΪϺүĺӣҼ̫̫Сʹȥ֣ʰúü¶²˴ӴҼû˸
Цһ˫ϻڳαãֶͬʹأ˵ӣľͷҲҪְɣԱһʣҾ֪϶˵ӣ϶뷨ӻȥ£浽ôŪģ
˵˿Ϸ죬ʵô޵ӣȴ͸뷨ҡҡͷҲûʲô
ʵڽʱǺ죿
ɡ룬ӰһΣұֺ͢Ҽ̫̫ҪңӴ˽ҹȥ˵̫̫ԺҲûٴҡ
Դˡ飬ôô޵ǵĺȥʵΪʲôҪ㣿
ҸߵТ˳Υֲ̫̫뿴ӳ档
滰ٻǶǣѱϡܿ϶ԲѣҲԺ󲻻ټˡֻҪڻʵǰԲ˹ȥ£ӴҲʵһ
޵˼Щмֿţ󵭵˵벻Ӿôĵˡ
ӣʵۻġ룬£֮ǰ˭ˣ
޵֪ΪͻȻ˵ֻʵ˭
Ҽ̫̫ıֶŮԷǻʺĹŮأߵǰʺһʱʰӴ￴ˣһʺִԷͶҲˡ£ʱҾһֱš
ʺȻʱŪҵ˽ֻΪ֤ˡ˽飬ֵ˽䱸޵ɫʵǸԷƽʱô
ҸͷЦ˵ƲңҲƲ£ѽ۹õúܣء
ԣ˵ǸԷãޣʺӣ޵˵û뵽ϲ
֮ǰҼ̫̫ԷҸ磬Է˺ЩʱôϴӦҪӡѹɫд˵٩˵ĶԼˣӺϲء
ԷȻе㲻̫⣬Ȼǿ޿úܣô۹ⲻȻʱ˴ˡ
޵ȴԷ֮ԸͷΪӣ
ߵͷЦǰɣǰŽҹȥ͸ȥһӴ˼ҸǸۼһ
ԾΨһһεļ棬ҲǰŸȥžͱ˴ˣԼժԽ޵ǵķԽأʵЩ飬Ϊ֮ǰ˵
ֲʲô£ʱҲ֪ҼǸ޹ӾӣȺ֪ˣָϳαõ£Щ±ᣬûҶ˵΢΢죬̽³סʵ۵䣬۰Ͱ͵ؿ£ҴˣԺһȸ˵Һòã
ʪģ˳ɵèֻȻ޵ĳȴȥȲ֣ҪŵɣҲǸĲ
޵˸ߵͷã㡣
ÿ֣޶˱̾˿Ǽ٣µΪֹԺ㷢ʲôԣޡ
Ȼ飬ЩҲ˰ɣֻҪԺֻߣֻͺá
ߵͷҶµġ
ǡڴʱ£
޵ߣԥһ²ŵ°ɡ
ˡʱ߲ǸСŵɰڴ޵ߣˡ֪ŴԼϸظʵ˵һĿɿɰЩȫ˻ʵۡ
ˡ߽һ򸸻
ƽɡ޵˵֮У
ͼݶû޵ʱʬӦѾˡ
ģ޵ʵ
о֮ںӱ˯ţƭ߹ͼøʿ뽭һóûݶ˽顣ˡ˳ţԶɱ񡣡
е˵ˣҪôǴͨˣҪôǣ˵ʵ޵ϣǺһ֡
ŴˡʵȻѾƣΪʲôҪ˰ɽϵģޣ 
ˡ̧üʤѲٷֻ֮һ档 
˶ţ֮ɨأȻ𣿴޵òᡣʺһ˳죬ֻɨһе·֮ˣᷴʡ
˵Ϊβ֪ޣ
ʱ̫ʡˡ
ô޵һЦޣȴʱȥҸһģһĹŮ
ˡ̹Ȼ˵ԸʱѾ˸٣з
ԣһǷ֣һǽƾͼƣʵ۵ģǴУܰ˲ݡ
޵˵ʲôζӶӣԭ׽ˣȴͬӣ˴˷ɱ֪Ļ֮˭һ׼Σ


 71 

ҹ, ޵շת, һʱҲۡ
ˡĻʼڶߣ˲, Ҳˡ
ĺȫһ, â¶˿, ЩԹ, Ѿϰе鶼Լ׺;ĻƺҲôϡ
Ķ, Ǳ˼ҵ, ŻһԼ, ȴͷ, ̰īû󶨣̫ӻᣬǴʱˡʺ, ²ÿơ
޵ʼ²ģ̫һѣٿ
΢ʱ, ޵˯ȥ, ˯Ųһ㱻ѣ糯ˡ
޵ʱЩͷۻ, ŰںҲûʲôθڣֻһڱţ˭֪ͥʱһ̾εվסһæǰס޵Ų糯һʱ޿ͣżвʣյ糯ȡɡ
һʣϹ̫ҽǲܲˣǸԻʺΪףַʰ̫Ҳͷе鼱ææϹ̷ҩľĸʱ  
ߴ￴һʱ飬÷ʱߵǰһ޵Ǳɲʱ˳룬ʺŮվ£ӻʺ档
߻طУ飬üͷ
ƽʱڻʵߵʱһʱ򣬷ͷһǰȥʺڱʵӣ̼һȴûʺ֣û֣ڴʱ
ƽʱЩٳ裬Ǿˮл㲻ʺѾ£ʵʱãʵһڣʺ˼طѣһ仰ɱ
ǻʵܳ꣬ԶǵЩԼһ·
ƫУԪҽʵ㿴֢ǸʲôΣ
ҽǼðźͷϿŻ£ֻǱ½ƺæµƺЩѽһֱͷЩͣľƢʱձضǷʳҲЩ
ԪѾòͷֻ˵°ɣ
ҽ˵ֻҪܳ·˯þٸ֮ҩ¡ֻǱ»ЩյԼҲûȫãȴǸ֢úúõһܼЧġ
Ԫһͷ֪ˣźŰɡ
Ʋ޼ʱͼ̫ڴǰСŵϣҩҪ޵ιҩ޵ȴԼԾͺá
ɫɲãҲǲ̣æöӷ̸ҩɣ
ԪҲ˵̫һƬТģ¾Űɣ
޵ֻӴùҩһֵݵû£ȥæİɡ
Ԫæ̫һ˵Щʣͷȫˣ̵ֻñЩ 
ڴ޵ɻŅ̀ۿ˹Ԫһۣ˵ʺȥŰɡ
糿ڣʵһֱô䵭ôҲɫԪѻ𣬱Ҳٶ˵¡
ߴ޵ʵ⼸ôˣ
ŸλشжĽѰ˹ͷ£̲ţ̫ӵ¡
ȥ޵޵ʵΪ£
̲ιѺطˡ̵ţ̫ӵǰȥ顣
ʱѺ̲εطΨطһѵˣ޵üڰֵ̫ȥɣϢЩ޻ػ
ߺ󣬴޵ԽԽΣһʵ֮Žˡģ۹˼ͻط޶޹֮ˣǰˡĿڹĿ¿һΣһж˽طʱͻȻΪʲô
޵ȥ̲ʲôΡ
һֱʱŴҴһط˵ǰ֮йΪ򲻹ԲУ˵֮гΪѶ֮˵ָʹ˵̰֮¶Լ̰Ʒ룬ûйϵ
޵ɫѿڰֵ°ɡ
ո£̫ӱҴҸϵ滶ϲ˵ʣطˣ
޵˵Щʲô
طϴǰʳѶ֮˵ָʹ̰īûκιϵʱͷѹ˲ϲص˵
̫Ź˼ףǱģ޵˼ţʵط潻߿ȥ𣿡
Ѿӻһգֻʣ°ң
ʮ̶ʱﱻһ˻ӻһգ޵ʵ
ǡ㲢ûôʵ⣬ʵ
޵̾˵겻ʮһҪ̫߰ӣôˣһ춼ĿطļҾ춼ھйѺţЩ˰һճĿ֪ط˵Ǽ١
ڨڨ˵ҲֹճҲ޽˷Ҳ˹Ʒ
Ǿһ׷ȥȻ˵ԼģͰ˶ϡ޵
ﲻ˹ԪĻʵ۲Ϊ׷ֻ࣬Ϊ˽ԥƬ̣ŵʵط潻˵ǰĿڹǱѶƹָʹʣǰ˭İӣ
޵һֱŴˡ£ǲֵģҲ˶ԴˡԹ޵ˡ
ôһ𣬴֪ǲϸ˵ԥʵطǱǲӦ׷ǰѶ֮˵𣿡
ǲܣֻ֪߿䡣޵˵°ɡ
Ǹأĸ׵˵ǸѶƹ֮ˣǴˡǻʵ۵𣿻ʵΪҪˡڣѵʵôˡȡ֮УŪף
˸˵ҸɿĻʦ뷨Ӹӻ񡣡
طȷѶ֮˾ǴˡôΣٺú롣
޵У޵˵ѽϸ˵һ顣
æһһʮ˵޷ǶطηΰٰԼǱǰѶ˱Ϊ˵ͻȻæмطҪ³ܹܣλû׼
³ܹܣǸط潻߿ˣ޵ֱ֮³ܹйأ°ɡ
´ߵ鰸ǰʴҴдһŶ̼㣬Ѻ˽£ݸл
Ǳ̲Ҳ˼ܲ˸ϵñΪĻ볹£ûһȥ
ͻȻһ¡
޵û̧ͷѾ֪ߣû£㲻Ҫġ
ĵĻ仰סǼе㷢ᣬͣƬ̲߽ˣŴ޵䣬£һ춼ûܹ
޵ЩֵֹģͷһȴɫȻ糣۾ȴˮ뵵ģ⣬޵̧һ£Цⲻ𣿡
£ҪôҰɡ߿͵˵                        

 72 

޵һ, üͷ
ɿ, ˵ҲԺ󶼲¡
޵̾һΣֺ, ʹ˶̽Ĳ, Ψ⣬һֱȵʺ˶, 
ʺȻҪ, Ҫ˶Ժ󣬲ܽ
ɣⲢǸһ־ܽ⡣޵˸ͷ, һּ, Ժ⸣ȥ, ʲôʱȥ, ôС
һģҡҡ䣬Ҳ֪һ, £Ұɣһ֡
޵ü, һʱ֪˵ʲôźáȻ·, ̫Щֻߣ, ȹ¡
һڵһжı䣬кܶı䲢Ը⿴ġ
Щֲܸϸ˵޵룬˵Цݰοȷίˣģ޲ǹֻޡ
ʵǲӦˡЩʧɬɬؽ¡
޵ΪҪ˵ЩʲôȻٲ˵ֻһ˫ӯӯؿꡢ⡢жǰ;ãδ֮⣬ֻС
ҲǣίˡܻףҲΪá޵ѹˣֻ
޵˯֮߻صУȴôҲ˯š
ν֣Ѿ׵˻ʺ󣬻ʺ󲻻Źģлʵ۳¶ãɻʵһ£Σֻ±Ƚҡ
Ҫ벻⣬ΨñȻʺߡ
֮ѾǻʺˣߣԻʢ裬ҲܿĲףһжֻھһ֮䣬Ҫβ޺֮ǵһ·
߷𣬱ס˫ϥڴϣ۾ϸϸ˼
ʺλݣ̫ӣʲôʵ۵ϲɻʵ۲࣬ϲͳסһȫʵ۵ϲǰ·úúõȥ
ߺ۾ôˡأˡô޼ɵظʺԣ̵ʲô
ǻʵ۵ϲʵܻסҲôꡣ
Ӧеƣ˽ȻҶԻʺ֣Ϳ϶ѾеӦ֮ߣȷԼʼƿžơ
ʲôʱƣһζӲ֣֤ʺ̫Ӻ⣬ôʲôأ
ͻȻЩʱڻʵߣ϶˵˼ͱָ֤ǽ̰īĻʹ£˼ͱ⵹ʺ϶ҪԪ
һˡ֮ǰĳʱȺŵĻǾǴˡ̰īˡָݣ˼󡪡ѵΪ̰īѵһʼҪԸʺһϵ
ôˡ֮ԻָݣܿΪ̰īǾ˵ʵҲֳ֧ģԭˣ
߶ʱ˾˵֮ҹһȷѡ˵ˡͬһ˩ŵƣǵȷ˩ͬһϵģҲƣҲǾǼѹʺģһݡ  
ںڰϢ¶һЦݣĻҪúóﻮһ¸ôºˡ
һ磬Ԫ˱ţҪȥʱ򣬾ͼҴææЦ˵˵ʺˣվͲعȥˡ
Ԫһ£ɫ»˵ʲô
ʺһУȻʵºͺദеһ»ʺ»ʵ۸֪ǵù£ʱҲֻӲͷƤû˵ʲôˡ
Ԫʵ񻹲ţȥ˭ڱ¸ǰ̼
֪ȴ˵ֻūЩڸǰź򡣡
أԪЦһʵڲڱ¸ǰ
пֻ࣬ôܹźţūŲڸǰҺҲ²⡣
Ԫ㲻ֻ˼ʧʱ˲β裬Ԫӹһһţվڸǰվ˵ģʱԾܣȴֲҶʣһʱԪ˵֪ˣ°ɡ
ɴһ㣬æųţ첽ȥǻʵ۲ûʺ󵽸ǰȴģȴǻ
յͼߴʰҩʱվסţЦˡ
˵ҵùһΪ㣬ȴЦˣࡣ
һǰһԷһ£óҩ޵ιҩվڸǰĵƺϻūűµĻѾʺ˵ˡ
޵ߵֳһҩʵôȥôã
Ų֪ôش߱һЦ±Ϊˡ
޵һ룬ȻҲô£֪ˣ°ɡ
һһۣлֻЦġ
ˣ޵ӹҩһæӹ룬һۼӣͣЦ϶ǱˣƫƫҪ׷
޵Ц£ūŵĶܵ绹Ҫɣ޵˿㡣
ߴӦˣȳž͵ͷſ飬Ȼһ粻ʱгʵ۸˵ЩʲôȻûпȥȻżȻķ϶һۣܿЩɫ࣬Ҳ֪Ҫ¡
˵δù˼͡ϵȻ˼͵£ʺ̫ܶôܲԼôܲ²⣿뵽£ʵ۲벻ôʵۣ׼ﲻˣͰĺ·
Ҳöĸ£ĵ
ǰصֹ̤Ԫʱһ£æʵʣĸû𣿡
ĸһ죬첻عˡ޵˵ô
ǿһ£̼ҲĸղŽʱӰӰ´ƺڣŲ֪ĸҴ߿䣬˵ȣ󡣡
޵ط֮ǰй߿³ܹܣ³ܹںδ
˷̲Σȶͷ˴ʡ
Ĳ֪޵˵ʧЩǰնЩΪΪ󣬾˴ͷβڹ̫ӣְ̫
̫Ӻúò³ܹܵ䣬޻ظ޵
Ҳżߣæˣʱ￴һۣӰӰ´ֻɫȹһǣ㲻Ҷ࿴æϵһԪңĸ֮ǰȥץطģǴˡ

 73 

ΪԼ֪ʲôܴ, û뵽ԪֻһЦ, Ҳ͸˵Ǹ磬Ű⵹, á
̾, ֻȥŲɵĶҲزԭӣòŵû뵽ô˵Ļ, Ǹʲȥģ
㸸, ˭Ԫסϴһָͷֻʵ, ˵˶ٴ㶼, ǵԼײǽ֪
ص̾һ, ˵ѵʲô𣿡
ҲδȫǶ㲻, ԼǹļɰɡԪ⹫˳ۣȻҲ뷨
Ű, ʵͿ๦ߣӦòڰɣ 
ˣԹ, ⹫º͵ļкýԪһ, Ҫ⹫ôҪ⹫, ֮λİɵüǵ⹫նĺãɲܹӲţ
Ӷǵáε˵ոնط棬޹ϵѾ򸸻ʽԣϳѶչ֮ˣһ
Ԫҡͷ㲻ҪԼӣ㸸ʣһЩտɿˣӣʱĵطųϢ˶֪⹫ģˡ
Цһ¾ƭģˡٿܲģúòóﻮţԽԽãֻ㸸ǰ֪˷
ȻӦţͷһҪΥֻʵ۵⣬е飬ֵȻĸﻮɣʶӶý©˷
Ԫɸ֣üͷ˵ôôŵģ
ڨڨģæ˸ڴĸ󣬷ŸͻȻʲô³ܹܣӲôǵˣ˵ͷȥ顣
Ȼ֪Ԫȴ֪³ֻܹǸܹˣ³ԭ⹫ܹܣطְʱ⹫³ɣ֪ôˡ֪ˣԲָʹط˵Ǿ³ɵָ⹫͵³Ҳš
ǶϾôظʵĻȥ󣬻ҵʱػ
ԣôػ˵³ɻ̲δúúõءԪԺҲҪЩҪµĻĵشžУҾ㸸ʱ̶ţʱ㡣
Ƶ˵һˣô˵ģ̼ôܲĸ֣
ǣԪһ£Խƽ޺˵ǱҲͰˣһûûֵļ澣ǰﲻߣԭ䷢ޣҲ˳һ֮أ
һæʵĸ˵̼ǽϣ
˭Ԫзߺƽһƣ㸸һʹּȥҵҪ˭أ֪Ǹһֱڵ֧Ӧ㸸ʾټҲرֱд
  Ҳǲ̣æĸϢŭҲֻۣϢϢ
ȴŲ֪ô˵ȥԪһ֣㸸ۿסĸֻˣĸΣǵóѣ
ӼˡֻüϳģеĿ⣬ɬɬ˵һףһĸָ
ãҵĺúӣԪ
֮ʱһ뿪æԸ˴ţոհںãҴææˣԶ߾Ȼʵͬһӳŷһ
Ѿ˳ȥԭҪߵģͣƬ̣ͷźʵ³ҩûʲôʳϵļɻҿһۣű¡
æУ͸ȥ
һߣĶԼ̫ӵ̲
޵Բ֤
ЩӸʵദľ飬ѾЩˣ̫ӻȻֻʹ٣³ɻڹѺţȴ󡣡
³ܹ˭˼ţ޵̧̫ΪЩ²ֻʱˣۿС
³ӦˣЦ̫ڻʵô꣬Ȼ㰵ʾ
ţѾ첽һŵЦܳԵĺͲܶԵĶͷˣ￴ɡ
æл뿪ֹһЦͷ˵½йȥء
̫ˡ߻ȥʱͼ޵ʳǰüͷෳ£»⣬Ϊ̫ˣԼ̫ûʵۻ˼ɣ
֮ʱˡ˻ʵ۵Ĵ٣ϵʱǡʰһӴӶ߹ʱ˵³ɡ
ˡɫ߹ȥȴ֪ϢˡƤ޶˱ҹʡիʱ˵ҽ֮һһ֮
һۣʱôãȻؼǵõҹ˵ÿһ仰ʵ̫ѡ
û̽ʲôϢҲûʲôȻôˣǰ˵ͬһ˨ŵƣҲִҪôֻΪԼǰ;
Ҳôһ㣬ֻһ㣬Ϊأ
бϲȴߵ޼Уˡ񣬵ʡ
ط淭ˡ޵˵Ѿ˼ȫժ˳ȥ˵ܹ֮˼֮ͣ̿£òָʹ
ˡΣ
л̲׷顣޵һۣлӦҲʶɣ
꣬Ȼлͥ£Ȼʱʱлͥ棬лͥⲻ;õĳ˽֮£Դˡ֮ǰûмлʱʵ˵лɣ֪ǰնʼϳ֮󣬲ŵһμ档
޵Щ⣬ͬʱҲлͥȻ׿ɿﱸﱸ̫ò˳л㡣
ˡ֪ط淭֮£ʱ޵ô˵֪̫Ӱܲ⣬ֻǴ޵⻰˵ˣˡֻǼ򵥴ǡ
߿ȥһҪʵˣʵڵ֤ݡ޵ֵ
ʮ³ָ֮˹֮ʮɽ޽ҵֻһСϷŮʱɽҵС˼˶ʮһȥ;δˡ
޵û˵ûôˡ飬ȴô̫ܸ࣬Ҳ̫ǿƣȫɻǰչʾԼ̫̫ȴ̫ǿõǺã
ã޵ŵ֪ˣ°ɡ

 74 

ˡ, ĿⲻɵñǱɨһ, ͷŵƣҲ֪ʱǲǶź, ߵĶ
ˡ漴뷨, Ľ˷, ԼԶԶ, µű¡
ȴڴʱͻȻˣߴ߳, ͷ޵ȥ, ˡһѾߵ˽ǰ, Ҵ, ű߹ȥˡ
ô£ΪҪôˡ˼⣬߳ȥһ󣬲ʶȥǻʵ۵޼, ʵ۴ʱԼҪ˯ˡ
Ǳʲôץסһˡһʱ, ȴò˳֮ǰٶ, һȥ
֮ʹˡ
ȻеҲԽԽΪʲôҪô, Ǿ³ɣΪʲôԼ˵ȥ˻ʵǷб⣿
ת˲Ѿߵ֮⣬ˡ˲ӣķȥﵽײܷ·ŵ£ˣ̵̫ԸҸ˹ߵĶ
̫ܹܣҲǵµˣķԸæ˵ūĸɶӼֹ
ˡͷá
߳뵽ǰҹ˵ҲģΪʲôĻ⣿
ص֮󣬴ˡҲȥ£ֻŷǴҴһλ棬ǧذת
󣬼żֹֹ˵Сӣ˵
ֹæūһ۲գؿţʼûʲô濴еС̫ƫųͷߣūžòԾһ·ĩ󿴼˶
ˡȻԭˣڽŲЩǻʺߡ
ԭǧ˼룬ɲǱöѡ
ˡã°ɡ
ޱˣˡߵǰҹɫֻûĵ˼㡣ͷβо𣬶ֻöѣЦȻУ޷԰Ρ
֪ˣոͲմߣɱ
С
磬˯ڿǽϣȻ޵ʵʱˣ
ǡߵ
ΪʲôƫƫҪȵʱŹ޵ʵ
һĻ￴Ȼ˿ûʲôίʵġ
ҹġ߳ԳԵЦţһ˶أҪȻÿζȦ׵ңҹʱʰں涢û˳ȥͨ籨š
޵Ц£ʵΪʲôǰ˵һ
δڷйҹȻҹ˴ˡʱ֪ģʱ⣬˽ҹ̡ʱ±ʱҲйģҲ֪ǶǴ
ͻȻģ¸˵ˣ²ͬ⣬Ծնˡ߻ЦţεʵҪǰ˵ˣͬͬ⣿
޵룬ĻбķӣδطҪˡ
뵽ʱ˯ϣ֪ģԺﾹȻĳǾ䣬֮˯׼ԼŮˣǣˡ˽У޵ʱȴʾȨ
򣬹ӰӰ´µս޼ҲǺܰһ޵ķ֧ӣһЦʵ²֪Ǹ˭𣿡 
޵ӽ֮û뿪ʰҲûиҲ֪ӦҲ֪ɡ
һЦ֪ء
޵Щɻʲôʱ֪ģ²²ô֪ģ
޵һ룬ˣ˯ʱѾͷ޾ߣϢǼͽİɣû뵽Ƥӵ£ȻôϢˡ޵ڹ˽Լд㲻֪飬һ׷ҲѲ˸ϵ
̱ȥ˳ǻ˵¼Ȼ֪֪飬ͲҪòãҪȻԺô
޵ξͰˣԺ󲻵ô֡
ţ֪ˡش
޵ͻȻȥˡشˡʱôһ°ɣѾǰѾ˵ˣôԼ
޵̾˿ԽԽȥˣȻϸԼӱȽϣմմϲ̫ЦˣǰԼ˲٣ڿᵹδأëͷСЩɵëˡ
һȻᣬȴҲˣæʵôˣ
ûʲô޵˯ɡ
Ǳû˶ػʵѾ˯ˣȻ±ûʵ֪죬˵㲻ĵζĲ˭𣿡
Ǹӣһ£ͺ޲˶֪޵Ц£˳Ŀʵ˭
ˡæݺˣȥϢ
ݺһʼͷָʹģ˵ѡģǲ֪ǱɱˣǸʺһڹоأѲ鵽ĵϸΨûʵ֪£ҲŪһˮʯ
޵ȻЩ⣬Ѱһ˷ߣѡݺѵҲɿ޵Ѹٻһ£Լ뷨ݺⲽµֱ̫ףֻҪݺ¶ᱻǣʺôû㡣
ǲһȽ׵޵ʵ˭
еŵС̫ࡣߵ
˵Ҳеģ˿ʺںЩź氲ߣ˱𴦡޵룬ĺܺãѾˣЩ˯ɡ
ߴӦһ۾ʵѾ˼ˣǲǻʺˣٽǲصˡ
ҲԣʧߵĴ޵ܿ˯ˣ೤ĺ͸ʱ۾
Щ˯šˡʱӦѾ֪˰ɣԸܷݺ̶µһ㣬е
һ磬б־ֻһģЩ߷߲ƽģ
ݼ˶ͣؿ֪ǵͷһʣƲƲ죬ŲҪͷһأǻسԵĿ
һ˵ֻøżЦЦԪʵ̼Ǳôŵģ
ôţԪƤȲβ裬ҲЩһ˭ҪֻҪڸǰ̡
һʧĩݵױﲻסʵҹҲǽһ𣿡
Ԫʵ¶ǣֻƳһȴ𻰣ݽӿ˵˵ҹǽнϷ̵ġ
˵ֹҹӽϽ񣬱»ûҹأĵҲˣҹҲֻϣһҲ֪ڵĹء
ԪͷһǳһʮҪģʵʱȻ£ܱЩ۵ģ
ͻȻ֮£Ҳܺ۵ô
һ죬Ԫɢ˰ɡ
ǼһɿˣԪδս˵עԾǶޡ
ǣȴȣԪЦһøӣأ
룬ֵ뷨ӰϢ͸¶ġ
ˡ֪ôܰס
лҪ˵Сˣɶʱ׹أ

 75 

һҹ, ˡ˼, þҲ˯ǿƬ, ̾, ȫߵ־
һʱ㣬, һʱּ, ϲһʱּüԣ
ɾЩ, Ҳݵò, Ÿտ˲˹, Ķƣ
ʱˡһμ, ߵǰĺ촽ӡĴػ, ˡ
ˡȻڻҺڵĳƬ̣ЩֲǼ١, ֱ۾, ˹ȵס
ȻǼٵģǰеһУЩ̹ĵӵ, ƺ˵ģΨҪʱ򣬲ŻԴɫһҪˣϾİ·ЦҹȻΪһȥôá
ȴڴʱһҹǸͨ籨ŵеźˣܿںе
ô϶кڸϢ
ˡЩˣԭˣģӦòֹǸϢˣǸҪġ
˭أ˻ʵ۵Ḷֻ̌ѾͷпܿʰǽҴľˣӦò⣬ôݺ
뵽֮ҹʺ֪Ĵ磬ȻһֱţݺǸʵѡ
ݺӦָܹ̫ˡ
ˡһһʱ侹ЩѹֲסĻϲ⣬ݺΣؼǻʺˣôҲãǱŵġ
ֹľٶΪ
޴Ļϲ֮ѹţͷţҲˡֻĬĬţһ⣬¶Цݡ
ˣˣ
£ˡ͵͵˵
룬ϽεˡҴϴϣ׼ȥʵ밲̵ִ£ʺ˸λӵõҡ
ʺʲô¡ˡý
꣬һصװĹŮһʳ߽ȴԷ
ˡɨһֽۣŵֽӸߣԷˣæе¡
Ҫ׷ȥȴסԷŴˡıӰе£ϴˣҸǣҵòã
ˡѾߵԶˣԹɫ翴ӲλλڵǰСеģݣ
Էҧ촽˵ֻðʳз£ǧذתġ췼ˡʱʹģڷǰ˻ѣֻ˵ԼڼʱˡʱԽշɸɴˡֻбȴǰڽʱ䵭Ǻã
ԷػصԵģʱʵӵ˰ɣ
ˡԷǿЦ£ڸǰ²ø˵ֻҷ¶ˡ
ѽɲУСҼҵĲ֪е⹬ͷ˭һ˫۾ĺ󱲣ʲôۻ˵ҪɸЩ˵ģҲǿŰӸǰ¶Ĳ¸㣬ֵûͷػԺôøĲ£
ֻҪԷ뷨ôˡԴɫôԷԺ˵ڽҵľʱŶȻߡ
Էæʱ̫ˣӲø˵ʲô
ѽܵ뷨Ӹ˵仰Ц˲֪ǾʶԺû˸۸
ǴˡڽҵʱҲû˵һ仰˵ʲôɫˡԷаԹֻõͷڨڨ˵ȻǾʶֻǡ
￴ɫЦ㿴ߣܸӵ˵ܵñµۣ岻ʣĸﶼУƫƫڸǰ̣Ƕ棡ҪӸǰ棬Ժǰ;˵𣿡
һߣԷǻԹ˼ޣѿ˵òҪǰӲţ񻹸Ҳű£
˵ʲôװͷһһϸӵ£
Էҧ촽ȦغˣβŵұҪӵ¶׵ģˣ֪㣬ҹӲҪ꣬Һ͹赱ײһ٣˿֪ڸģ䱾Ҫ빬Ժ󣬻ŵ²ţ컹û͹ȥ
˵ʲôһȴͷһæ׷ʵ˵Ҫ빬Ժ󣬽ϻӼ棿
Է֪еһֻˮǺ޺޵˵ԣұƸϵ죬һʱ򣬴Լʱҿ´ģ϶£ǵõȥһ⣬ֹű磬Ҹȥ˰֣
һϲ˵ˡֻǴǰľ£ҲʵۻôϣɾȻȷҪ빬֮󣬸ˡйϸ𣬻һǴʵ۶
æ̾һ˵Ҳίˣû뵽ϾȻ˷ϧµ񻹱ڹ
ùãʺ˵˵ʺ߱²ˣԷ˵²ܾôôɱˣʵڷŵУ«ʱΪǮƴӦһңҪͻȻҪ͸˵ȥˣ
Щ֮ǰȻû鵽˼ţֵһʱԷǸ˼ģأǲ˵ģʲôݣǸʲôݣͰ͵ظ˵£ء
Էסˣʵǣѵôװ׵طŹɣ
ɵѾͷôأ˭˵˵Ц
Էô£˼ˣЦɵѾͷٺúɣδطǵʺء
߷뿪ԺѰʱ⻰Ԫһ˵Ԫȴе벻ף˵빬ǰˡӦڽϣôֻͬʱڽңæϢذѵǼٲ죡
ʱʵۻػʱһźʶؿīĵ米ֻɫȹԼ¶ȹӵ¶һֻīɫЬԭǳһɫȹ˽Ƶ۷䣬Ьýƣɫײһ𣬷Եø⽿ޡ
Ǹҹҹר裬󹬶Ļ̵̻Ľ˰ɡ㲻뵽ֲûʵ۾ճԣ⿴·ϻ˼ҲǸ˶
޵Լʵ̫ˣ
ǰ񣬵ʣӸʵĽ̻壬̲У̰ī漰˷˲һ顣
޵׵ܺãǸ³ɣ㿴ˣ
ˣ³Ⱦʱߣƺ֢ѾԸ鰲˸ҽΡ
˵³ɻţ޵ε˼㣬Ϳ


 76 

ʱǰ, ʥּӸ, ̲ţ֮Ӣ˼͡طһ永˷ܹ³ɼ빬, ɻʵʡ
޵߳޹, ȥʧּżŭ, ֻѪӿ, 
οԸ֮ǰĶһңһúЩĸо, ȥȾʱҲô, ޵֪ЩãͣסŲ, ҪԸ̫ҽ, һʱֿȵ˵
ͻȻʵһͨҪԹʣЩ, ɷָڱϣʱʵʮֲãһؽе촫̫ҽ, ̫ҽ
С̫һ̵, ŵģܣҪˮʵѹһѹ, 翴ߴ׷һҩһ·޵ܹȥûǰѾһţ޵˵ºȻһ
̫ҽ֮ǰʱֹȵҩһżȫ벻ˡ̧ۿǿҩʵۿָͣϸֱ׵ü͸ּʵҲܻ䣬ô˳ֳȥЩÿ࣬æƫͷͻȻĸıԹ̾˿
ɫˣʵģҲŪԼͻС˶ҹҹգҲֵĸ˷߷߲ƽˡ
Ϊ󰸰òǵûʵ۲ˣĸΪ³˻ʵ۵ΪˡĹݱʵۻɣô죿
ҩڿУ޵ͷѹȥһĸоɢֹס޵ߵûˣȥɡ
ߴûôȵôҲǵĲֹ̫ҽ˵ɡ
޵ͷЩ飬˱á
ܾĻƺ⣬ֻǻûף޵Ѿˡ
ʵһȥֱĴһʱʱû߶Ͽ飬ǵģʼûжػʵ۵ĲȶҲֻǻʵżڱҪȥ죬ΪʲôǾ仰ʲô壿
Ǹ³ɣʵۼᵽʲô棿Ҳ֪ˡûвס
룬ߵͥУһأʰڱѾˣæϣˣԺǵü¡
ߴӦţ£еķ˼Ҳ֪ǱʲôΣˡΪ˰ӰɣʵͻȻԹʣǲ̫Ӱòãô棬ʵۻ᲻ỹҪˡȥ죿
ĻˡٲԽҪܣǰݺʱҲ֪ж۾ڶţڵǵĴʵֻۣҲڰԹ۲ţĻЩ֡
иʲôӣüͰϢȥɹɭϣ۾ô뷨أ
С
У޵죬͵͵ֿ˼첽ǰȥסȰʣ岻ʣҪôʵɣټʡ
̫ȻͿТģȴġ޵Ծϣֻҡҡͷ޵ҩù
󣬵һ¾ʱҽʦѾƫҩæһ·СŰҩ޵ڣĿ³ɵʬ壬̾˿
ʵڴʱĽϳҩ˷ʬڵĿôЦķʽǹ˲ð
̲ţ֮߶߶ؽţ˷³һֱη壬η֣û˼ԣΪմȾʱһֱȣԽѰٻ̫ӵȥ֮³ɾһֱ߶˵ȥˣ任ļ϶ÿˣʵûаѽ£
޵ֻǲĿƳ˼ͣͼֱͦվڵУȻʮˣȥɾ壬˿û̬ʱȻӷɫɣǱƵġ
ʺгеģôô˼һޣ޵ǰվŵĴ㣬ͼüͷ۾ﶼãȻɻ󣬶ϢĽգ˿û
޵ӹеҩ룬ȴôҲʲȥ˵ף̫ӻ̫ǲЩ´ãһиʲôʧ֮⳯УֻûѹƵסҡ
һֱ³ʬϼվ£³ɵʬ΢нӲʬߣδжʱӦһ֮ڡ
ԣлϢһ޵ʵΪΣ
µĺۼϿӦˣм˺۲̫Ҫʿ˴Ƥһͷ
ˣлϢҲһ޵ȥɡ
˰ʬߣ˶һȻǾþ˵ģһʬദ˭ţ֮ǰһʹĵ˵һʱӷηԾ𷣣
ǲԾڻ޷ԡ޵˵
طԭڱϣʱʵôһ˵̲ס̧ͷŻʵۣ£ֻǹ˼̾һ۵ȥطæֵͷˡ
޵ȴʱˣɡ
æǰ޵ֵ永֮˽ҶѺڹУط潻ɽѺ˶Σ˴ͨ˷Ѻ࣬һһݣмŻ⿴أ˷˽üκˡ
˼ͱ㲻˷Ǳģ޵ţ䡢䡢˰䣬ҹңһ볯ɡ
ţ֮ΪԼҲᱻôţȴе⣬æл˼ͿʾʵΰԼ޵翴ˣ˵ѸߣףվڹЪɣ˰ůʰЩЪһ
ȻˣΪ˷ͨǱ⣿˼͸ʵ۵⣬ֻл˶ȥˡ
ߴ޵ų˴˸Ҳɢ˸ɾֹΣ˾һŲ죬ˡл˫˫ӰӰ߳ˡŷŷ³ʬ׵ĵط³Ѿ˶գΪʬǸ
Ǹȷ³ɣʬҴʱҲûסл˵ةɽڶϰȥ̡
áˡȥ¸
Ķȷˣȥ˰֮ܿҽ֣лɾ콫֮ǰľڱҡ
ˡлûбµķԸڲ⴫
»֪ģֻ׼õʱҪһʱòˡ˵꣬˳ȥ
лһ£뵽λɣ̫ȫҲǰ

 77 

Ѿ˶ǰ, ʵûϢ, ߵȵòͷȥ, ݺæ, Ȱʱ, ʱиѾԿ, ﲻ߶
Ц»ûﲻԿɣҳȥӭӭ¡
ڱѾ, ʵ۸ǰĺ, ȻҲ죬ֲʲô˵, Ц˵ʲô˵, ԿҲٽ˴򿪣ҪǲĻ, һȥɡ
ߵͷǾˡ
ݺЩڨڨأ, ҲǸ, ʰҲæϣӵһ˸š
ǰͷŵ·һ·, ŴķȥǰͻȻʵ˭
̧ͷһ·ڴתһ½׵ӣл٣ԭ죬ֵ
лէȻ־ϲȻôˣҲΣֻԭʱȥ
ЦлУξѽﵣı£ȥӭһӭǷѲߵʱûдӴǱ߻æ𣿡
лһ˫һۿߣ˵ҴǱ߹ʱǱȥҲɢˡ
죬ǶˣҲû˵һллл΢΢ףĿ⣬лУξš
ֻлĲδţϴΡлֱ̧ȭ֮ͣؿ
ĿõǰӭȥȻһڽһ԰￴ʱΣ˵Ҳ֣ÿֵĵطмʯ񻨿֣ϧ⹬ȴûʯ񻨡
Ҳǰժһ仨ˡ
ߵǽתǴԶԶתǽǣӭ۾Ϳ޵˼ߣԱ߲иŴǵĹִ̫һ޵ѾȻЩȥҲʮݵģ߰ԳһæСǰӭȥе£
ͣס޵סôˣôû˯
ҵű»ء
ýˣ߲Ŵ޵ĺɽʱȻ࣬ʱе֮¿Ÿˣෳѵѹͷ֪ģͻȻ;һᣬæͷ˵ԺҪæô˺òã
ҪҪżһΰˡ޵֪ڵԼޱֱ߰ɣǻȥ
۴㣬̫Ҳȥɣٸˡ
ʶֿһۣŴӦǡ
߳ȴ޵ĸʱӦѾ˯ˣҪȥҪ£һ밲ʱٸ˵ɡ
㲻ɵ뵽ѵǷѽ߻ʺ󣿲еأβŵ֪ˡ
𶯣߸Ŵ޵ԣʱ͵ɫüͷԽԽʵۿƣģӺܲôһЩ
ͻȻ޵޺ܺã㲻Ҫ͵ˡ
ԭʵѾˡЦ£Ž˵ǲأۣڿʼලű£һ֮ǰЪˡ
ãտʼɡ޵΢΢һЦվһ档
ǽԣ˵ĿɾͲٷ˰Цӯӯ
ڣԺ㿴ʱ䣬ˣޡ޵  
飬ٽҹӦ˯
һ˴ӹй֮ڵ߹лٲֱԭüѲģʱȴֻӰ֮ǰ֣˼ҷ׷׵û˶ϡ
޾̡
Ϥлһͷͼˡ߹Ŀעߵǰŵ㵱ֵ
ǡлЦɵúܣҵֵղûʲôҪ¡
֮ǰҲ²ˡߵĹϵֱҹȷʮ죬ֹܿܲ죬߲ðôķȥˡˡȥ֮Ҳôö
лٲϸ˵ʲôʲôмǺ׵ģôκ޷ڴˡǰߣ˿֪ˡ߹ϵǳˡ֪ߵĺøУں
лٲִˡݣһ뵽ߵ£뵽ҪӽߣлܾԼɵĿЦ
£ˡüͷ΢΢һ£ɫ˵ԸڽȥУȥĻҸ㰲һ·ӡ
лǰ̸ʱ˵ȥЧû뵽ʱôãȻǵãлЦ£ºüԡ
ڿ£ȻΪ֮ˡཻһ£ȻǵãңҲΪԼ㡣
ô˵л̧üʵ
ȱ֡ˡ
лٵЩ⣬Ӳ⳼Ȼˡȴ˿û˼ɣЩ飬ǻʵĬ
л룬ڽ
̰īֵ÷зʵ۽Թʣˡڴʱ˵⣬лȻٹʳȻлңĿȾȻҲ쳣ȥУлپڽӦøá
οڹУʱʱܼ
ˡ⣬ֻãҲ㡣
ٶ˵Ҫȥȴлʵཻһʵ£ʱǷҵѣ
ˡסӣǡ
лЦ£л¡
˽ˡȻô˵ȻཻҲû̫ҡ
ˡϵʱʵѾˣԼ¶һǣˡᵽϤ㡣
ˡԼĿⲻȥǱ߿ȻƲסĴۣͬʱȴһɻΪͬһңҪ齣
ϴС鷿лʵ۸ǱʱҲ˯ϣǱߣûдʡ
ˡܾƺʲôҪĶˣŬ޵˵лȷ³ǰ
ո޴𸴡޵̲סֿһ
΢ˡҴɨһ۴ϵĸɫҩʵõʲôҩ
ˣѾ̫ࡣ޵㻹˾Űɣʱ¶Ϥ
̧üȻҪˡ֣ʵۣȷĬ˴ˡʺ̫ӶԿ 
˵ͣˣŲԽԽԶǴˡ߻ȻʶԼȻˡĽŲ
˯ɡ޵紫
ãҲЩ˯߶Ц˵ٳһҩӦþͺˡ
޵Ц£иOO@@·ĦһĬĬ˵Ըͺá
ĸδɫ֮ʱůСϢؿˣһӰ첽ߵ˼ʹǰ
˼ʹоѣ۾ʱͼж·ñ¶һŮװ˵Ҫҡ

 78 

ҹž, ůСٴϢش, һɫӰмŲҴҵ۵Ļ, ɿȥС·
ӭ, һ糣
ñƿ, ¶Ԫ, һ찲ȥֻµȲˡ
ҹɫ, һже, ˽˳ȥ, Ҳβ, ̽飬¶һʱż˯۳, һٶĨȥаͺҹһжһ㡣
îʱ, ˡϢ, δţͼ·̫һľд߳ˡ֪װӦע, ʶɨһۣ̫¶Цݣūżӵ¡
ˡûмˣֻƳһ۱ߣ̫ȴЦӭҪ˵ǡߣˡʱæˣ¸𣬻ûʰꡣ
ʱ𣬱ƽࡣˡ뵽ʱʵӦϴվס˽ţֻڹţǰǸ̫త̸ˡμɣغһۣžͼ治йߣ̫Ҳֻڨڨһתͷˡ
ֹƬʱǰȥĹʳе½ߣˡŸһţ޵Ѿϴϣ׼ţֱ߸Ÿռõҩַһиɫ۽мԲȻӣҡ
֪߲ܻ棬ȻˡǲԾ޼һۣĻõ͵͵ģûжɴˡܾãӦþĳĵؿ
һ԰ɡ޵ҩһӣҺţˡ˵
ûʲôɾܾˡԥˣڣﵽҲµĺۼֻҪһ£ͻ
˿ʼڷ޵˴ˡһֵۣɡ
ˡֻˣ޵һӣţϳʱ޻̰ī󡣡
ˡվǡ
ɣ޵֣ûˣô񡣡
ˡһ£ʵʵ㻹ǲɻ𣿡
ˡɻ顣
޻񲿳ﱸǷ֮£޵һۣŹӴܷ֮
Ҳ˵ǲϳɻ飬μӷ⣬û¡ˡ˵ǹƱǡ
޵һֵ࣬˵̫иŮ귽ǣлҵĽƷȻǲġ
ˡ⡣һ󣬷ǵҰµעתƵϣҿ϶ҪóȫԸлͥȻʦлһ磬ӼһȢлŮξʹͬлҼ㲻Ը⣬Ҳվһߡ
ʵлңԼȻл֮ͥȻض˵лҲѣĿǰľȢлŮǺ˼ң
ˡֻɻ顣
޵ζؿòŵ˵ˡ
ٶֻּһųƤ÷ݽţ˼Ըһ͹ȥŶԵߣҪֻʳȡ
һС̫ˣˡĿаٸнʵֶ˵ֻһ֣ź˱֪͸˭ɼͼˣһԵʲôٳԵʲôԭҳƽС£ȻС££Ӵġ
ʶӲлһ˵ͬʳϸϸദʱԼԹʱͻȻеԹӺˣʱǷѹƣϸµĹУİȴûС
ദһʼŵľơͷϸƺûйֵʱǽţʱ䱸
۾Ƴ޵ּһӣңˡȰʣʳɹ࣬ǸʵԼûȬ
޵룬ӣҷ£Ц˵ǣζ֮ɶʳ޷ŻˣԼˡ
һٷԭֻиȻǸ˵ӰӴδ뿪֮зˣȻԣȻ²ţ޵ԭеԽˣߣ˲׽Ӱʲô
Ź󣬸һȥϳ֮ߴӷ̾˿
Դ˵˲֮󣬷ʱʱܼˡֱڸԡ
һӴ߽ʱЦ˵̫Ͼʱ˼˫Ь͸ﴩɡ
ʰæǰסֱЦ˵ҪпյĻҪôȥ̫̫һڹиһ˵˵
ˡߵпգ͸һȥɡ
ݺҪϣ߰ڰ֣ǼӶˣȥϴϴɣʰҾС
һٲȥʱ֮๬ɶͷʳʱȻվԶԶأһͷӶ϶Щڽ֮ɫ߲ɫ߹ȥֳֻ֪ʲô飬̫ż
Ȼһ̫żɽϢﶼڴ˵ڽʱ˽飬˵б۵ģʱ棬˵ʲôʲôһ
ԭˣֲЩǶһƲֿЦģԷٲеڶ߱Էڱİɣ
ǡ̫üͷ˵ǰս˼ţ֪ԷȻȥ˻ʺпʱ乬ĹأôҲһˣû뵽Ȼ£ô£ǲЩԸ˵λŵʲô
һֱôţҲ¶Щ˸ɾЦ£ҸֹǲԸͲǰ̫ʱ˽ǽˣ˼Ҿһ𣬸״ȥɣ
У޵ԸΪţڽշ֮󣬳Ƭ̵ļž
ջʵҹ̰īϢѾ˰ǰ̫󣬴ʱʵͻȻҪӷּһͷ
˲೼ӵķһۣﶼǹ˼վͷһ˼Ϊ永һֱڼҺѾղϳˣʱ䣬ؽϣѵ
̰īһǰ̫󣬡޵̫ӷԼҩʱĵǣû˵̫ݣֻ̫ˡ
æְڣԿࡣ
޵ȴһת󣬸ʡȫϣʲôǲöܡ
жʱȸ˫۾뿴ˡˡֻһɰּ߳
һʱǵͨ죬ίȴֲ֪Ǻãֻһʵ۹Ȼǣ
ȴڴʱţ֮ǰһ˵£б࣡
˵޵
Э̫̰īʱӷһ¹ǰڽϵץ֮ʱ⵽̿ԭϵڶʹطָ֮ܵ˱ȣòΥĻʹ෽֤Ǹָʹܸ֮ˣӣ
ûȻ
һƬУˡֻǲɫվţţ֮æȡһֽطĿڹ죡

 79 

ʱ, ޵Ծûлع, ߵһ˵Ҳ, »𣿡
ȥǰ濴, ػ
ֻ糯ᵢô, бæ, ӵĴ£Ҳֻ̰īˡ߲üʵ۵Ĳûкת, ʱȴæòɿ, Ҳ֪ʲôʱǸͷȻʵۻҪ˵Է, ֮, Ҫ˵
ֵһǰȥϢС̫һ·СŽ糯ûɢ, ΪһЩ飬ܹѾԸȥˣܹܻ˵ùԼŰ, ¶Ǹϲˡ
Ȼ糯ûɢ, ѵʲôҪ£
С
˷һײ޵ֻж죬ɵ̧, 죡
ϲţ֮һæס죬Ҳ磬һ붼ס죬޵վǰһѣ˶ŵ˰̲лةɽЭ
ţ֮ˣлˡߵýɽǸģ⼸ƾҪתֱˣæ˵£չɣ˵󣬳Ϊ̫ӵ¹˵̫Ӽ
޵ɫ˵Ҫּ
ţ֮ԥһ£һҧͨһˣΪ𢣬òԣ˴ŭ˱£³ҲҪ˵Ӳ
һЩʸ˼͵ĺһƬŶ
޵ŹڵϵʮˣٿԾԾԵףһľһϵʵ֮󣬾Ȼֵزüģ˵Ѿ˵
һζƫֻ̻ѷ֮ģţ֮Խ˵ԽͻȻվ͵ײȥ˵Ըɣջس
ܵĿ죬ۿҪһͷײϣһ󾪺ɷֻȴڴʱؼˡһΣ˲Ѿǰһֻ־סţ֮ıģ˵ţ֮ˮʯҲ١
ţ֮͵һ˵в𣿡
ˡץסϵĲӣһ裬ţ֮ײײһ˳ȥԶվסˡ˵㻹ֵв
һƬȻǰĳҲвپôˡ̫ǿᣬ޵˫üˡٿ㣬ӣһ̫ǿƣһ̫ôûһǡôأ
֮Уǰһ˵£ɣ˵̫ӹ̫ΪӸ̫ӹͬ׼
Уʱв˸ͣ޵֪ɣ̫ǴˡȴӸǿһֻԽҪңлɽЭ˳
̧ߣٲĳ£ɿس˴ͥʱ̾һֵˣ֮ǰ̫ӵĽЩԽ̵Ҳ̫һɡ
ƣ̧˼ߣ޵˼ߣʹ»زȥţūſʱˣͻ˵´ԼϲȥŻƫУǷҪͻظ
͹ȥɡ޵üģϵչһ㣬һԷҲǽɵһˣеȲȥˡ
ŸȥԶԶͼӭ¡
޵֮£Ҳֻǵͷûûͣ£ֻһ·ţ̧ͷ˵£𣬳ʮֲ࣬ò
Ȼԣʺ˵ɢԵˣ𷣾ˡ޵ʱһ˼ȥԷҲͷ߶ֻ˵
һӻ˻ȥβڨڨ˵ѰҲͰˣδ£漰أ檲Ҳ
ˡ޵һ±ˣȻ˵˽顣Īط޵ü˵Ҳ빬ˣôأȻ֪ԣŹ洦ˣȴĺڣ
ݴδɫģϹҲס̱޵ڰ֣ؿޣҲ˵㣬Ȼеģ޸Ҽֻȥְѡվû֮ǰóţڷǰҲһµĿȥʺ˵һ˵޵ĻҪ徭û֮ǰĳ趨ʡĶҲ׼ȥ
ſڽ࣬ʱ޶޲ˣ佫ĹŮŮἸһվôЩ֣Ҫȥ壿û¿϶Ǳˣ
飬޵ļѾˣȰݻȥɣȱҲ͸ˡ
ߣ޿ߣңңͷĵʱûԹۼǻʵļϵ⣬Ǻοգ
޵صʱӭ˳Цӯӯ˵¶
޵ԭǲġҲˣʱЦ绨ˡ
ҿķ˻ƽʱǼӳҩٳЩǲ̫ãȥָ˼ʳ߲Ӽ۶Ц⣬ȥòã
Ǵ޵ﶼ̩Ц˵
ѽڼʱҰջߵҰͣʱθڲãҾ͸Щÿ˻Ķ
޵ЦݱһͣȻԼǸȣѵȻҲԼ˸
ͻȻ㲻ζȻȻʱ᲻ԾذɼԼµŮһҲôЩ֮ġ
ȴûо쵽޵߸˵ȥƫҫƵһָ¿أ
޵Ŀһһϸ棬嵭СˣһĽƵĶвеĶ޵Ц£ȳһɡ
߷£СʢһֽЩ͹ֵģҪĲгôϸֲϵأ
޵һֺ꣬һͷȻ嵭д㣬ʮʿڣ޵úܺá
һ˫Ц˵ͷĸǵģڼʱɴôö
޵죬ЦǮˣٶЩöҲܵ𡣡
Цּһ͹ٳ
޵ֳһڣ͸ζ΢΢еɬδζʵʲôˣƺûԹ
һҲˣҰˡߵ԰ڵģ˼ҳԵҰ⣬ȻûԹ
޵⼸ӣʵЩҲҰ𣿡
أҶˡˣǸˮۣһָȴ˺ޣѿܰӱʼˣ
޵һ˳ţЦʱ޳ԡ
ãʱڹһ飬ûСߵ
޵ܿһ棬ݹȥ߱ȥʢ޵Ǿ仰Ǳﲻס䲻ʵô𣿡                        
лҪ˵ϴޣôҵ
ϴޣ޺ˡ

 80 

, һʱЩӦ, üͷʵ˵ʲô
ô𣿡޵Цһ, ˵, Щʳڼʱ㰢Եġ
߰вãһʱ˵˳, Ȼ, æʢ棬˫ֵݹ˳Ʊڱ, Ц˵, ҼֻҸķֻҰԹ, Է˵˳, ô˵һ䡣˵һصԺҸǶûԹķ, ¿ǵһ
޵ʱ޻Ϊ޵㰢һˡ
һЦ, ô᣿ǰ, Ǳ¡
̧ƤŴ޵ȥһʼ˵ҪȡѡʱҺܵ, ȥĸж͡
޵侹Щţأ
ĺɽͷһο¡ߵ͵һЦ۲תԺҾͲˡ
޵˼㡣Ҳ˵ģҲ٣Ը滰
һ͵ģΪһ仰ëͷСһЦˡ޵Ц£ߣ˷ϻͯ
ζ޵˵룬Ҫʱȴ룬ЦЩԵһֱ٣ΪպãͻȻͳԣ岻ء
޵Ҳ֪˵ǶԵģǾٺȵɡ
͵һЦҡͷ˵°ԵĻԺٸǲٳˣѭ򽥽
ãġ޵
룬һС鶹͵Уٳһڡ
޵ͻȻ־ãʱǰԼ˸ԴһСӣҲ֣ͬദʱʱȴвͬĸоÿһʱʡ
޵Ƣθ»ʳԷÿÿҪͥһȦ֮߱һͬͥţл˼£мԼ˵飬¸ 
޵ͷһۣ˼ֵ٩˵޲һ棬Ҫˣ
ǲԣѵ𣿡ϰԵس˳ӣЦ˵Ҳűôġ
ѽ޵ҡҡͷ˵ɣʲô£
Էڱ˵ҵĻأµðҺúýѵѵһЦҲҪҼ̫̫ϲĽһˣҼ̫̫Ҳͻˡ
޵ϵЦʧˡ⹬˶۴£ԷݣҲԴӦԷʵô
һ󣬻ʵ۵ļԪҴӭЦ룺ˡ
ʺиԷĹŮ޵ػ
׻ˣֻҪʣ˵Ҳô˺޹ϸ𡣹Ԫ˵Է»ػ
꣬Է־ϲ߽ŵĴ޵񣬽ӵ˵ū澼¡
޵þòǰȻİһֵϤУܾƺʲôƵģȴôҲ벻ʲô
ԪĿؿԷ˵һʱҲ²͸ʲô̽ѵ£
޵תʺûоЩ죿
Ԫû˵ԷѾһϲԾ̧ͷŵ޵ȥԪѿˣһ۵ȥԷһæֵͷ
߹Ԫ΢΢һЦ׾ûôó
Էֿ˿ЦǱ۹ã˭ҳĵط
ڳΪˡ޵˼ţԷ̧ͷ
Էæ̧ͷߴӵһۣҶüۣȫİһǹɹϤУȴԽԽǿҡ
ʲôоϤ֮ǰںδƵĳ
޵ãŵЩڹɢԣһһʮ˵
Ԫæ£ɭϣο檹һϸ񣬺ɢ֮£
ڣ϶ʲʲô޵ԸʺһرƬ̰ɣ񣬷ӵ
Ԫһ˫üʵԽԽĸӷˣǿ벻̣
ȲǰһվزԼȥǣ
߳ȥֻͷЦ±Ҫѳ檵ĶˣҲһûж
޵ɫ䣬ֻ˵ʺˣֻҪʺһģⶌԶǻʺġ
ԪЦ첽߳⣬žС̫˵ţ˵ЩʲôȷʵһҲˡ
ԪҲܴ޵Ҫʲô˾ȥ㣬߳ȴֲģüʵԷ𣿡
һʱȴҲ벻ĩ˻Ƿ˵Ƿӵľͷǿģеλ
λ˽ָģԪһҲǸҲ洦ôţ˶ģ
ӺϢԷɢԣҹǱȥ¾ֵ˵ȹ𣬷ٺ¡
ԪŵڽһЦˣΪ̣ټһµĶûУ´仰˵ʱ£һܷ˭
һ㺹ͷǣūͰĻת¡
Աţһߣ̱ʵĸ󣬸ôˣ
㸸ʣбͷˡԪǾִУ
֮ʱ޵ϲĹţשѾӲݣ˺
µϲԺסȥʮҹȹԴ棬˷˹ţݶôˡ
޵ɻǾʱģױҲúõķױ̨ϣƺֻʱ뿪ֻҪϸһܷ֣ĳѾ˱һ㣬ԶҲٻˡ
޵ͷһʹһʱЩãէȻ֪ڹ⾹йһӣŭ֮£ȫ棬һˣ֪ôĺۼһӣֻҲ䲻һˡ
޵߳ͷٿ̾һ
ͬľԷ˵У빬ǰ죬ˡһгʱ䣬ӴˡӦûڽϣԴˡҲδûа취ء
ҪҪ飿棬δ
޵ί£ͥţĿƳƫеСãͻȻһ
ˣԷֹϤĸоǴˡ
·һֱãͰƫĳ˷ãʱʱоһûͨȥڷǰԷݵΣߵģʱ
£ҴѰѾռࡣ                        

 81 

ҹĻĺ, ڹǰ, ʵۻûл
ʱѾյϢԷȥ¾, ʵ۵׻, ɻʵȴûлҲ鷿õ, ֱ, Լֳʲô顣
ҲԷԻʵ˵ЩʲôҲûʵȥԷǻʵ۲, Ծ͸ѿ, ʱǵˡҲҪܵ, ֮ǰλʵ۶û, һΣʵۻ
ֻǣĶ, ǶĴˣ  
ﻹڵűأʱԶк·ټ˼λ, ôҲһʱԺܻ, ҪôȻȥɡ
ԭȥˣôæȥʲôʱòأ, ߻طȥһӽŷʱȥ°ɡ
ӹһۣɫǰ͸ģܿƺǷŵĹӣȴʲôʵҪǱҸôػ
˵ҴӦĶЦһ֪ˡ
޵ʱЪϢļ϶õǸޣֻһ۾ˣǰЩʱ˵ķľϣ˵µӣοá
̫ҽҶ˵κõ缲޵ҲָһľϾκãȻȴġ޵򿪸ӣľϸϸĳһɫķۣӳɫĹӣҲˬĿ
ľһЩ޵ҲȥѰӣָֻһͽУʿڣϸϸ׽֮ƷľϻЩɬζûȫȥɾ޵Ȼ˵ǽģҪѹͷºţֹȡ
޵һԺ£Ȼ֮࣬ǹĸоҲʧЩ޵ǸСӷȥ˿ѵЩӱ̫ҽҪãƺǲܵģҲֻˡ
ԭѾ鷿˴齵ģȥûǰѾŵ·ϵţһ̧ۿʱһŵһȹգɿǰܹЦ˵»ˣ
޵΢΢Цˡ
ûкõ㣿۶ǹС
öˣֻ˼޵
ȻģǿϵĻϲ޵ֲһ䣺ǸľϣЧ
ߴżֵЦҴǰװԣҰҪԡ
޵ҲЦˣԺͲüװˣԶٶС
ģ۾һ֪ҾͶˣްɣʱľϲ̫ҡ
޵˵ţеʧˣƺֻʣľϡۣԼЩйسʳĸС˼ȴʵڣÿ춼ҪԵ࣬ÿ춼Ҫȵˮôƽȴ־벻ߵ̻ϢЩССС±ЩҴ£ûʲôˡ
ϸĹ۲Ŵ޵ɫŵһڷĶˣʵԾģʵۻǹģһأǹȥˡ
ֻǣйؿҪӦĸо죬Ҫһݣʺ
ʺأ
һ磬ʹ޵ϳ֮󣬸ű㵽԰ȥ㣬԰Ҫ۽ݺȥȡֻǵݺȡ۽ʱѾһˣ粻֪ȥˡ
¾λں࣬žǼݣмĿԺﵽľ裬Ȼʱ仹磬ѾŮ˶Ժϴ·鳴˷
ߺܿ췢Էʵ̫ˣеŮмΨһԶԶضڽǰĴľѵø߸ߵȫ·ҲϴֻǶӿ
һµĸ˱޵ĲͷˣԭЪţʱϾһ£ʲôɥȴǻ
Է޵ĸˣ˵ͷдأŹŮ
ɲһЦԷǣôףⶼʲôطˣŹ˽أ
ǸԽ㻹Ҫٴǰһס֣
Ǹ˻ͷһΪǻȻعʱ׾ǴǸõĵĽϣæ㣬Ц˵ôˣ
ϵңʵ
ǽɣ̽ʵ
ͷءߵͷһָԷлҪ˵
˻ΪԷģæЦУﾡ˵˰Ļֳȥ
ǵأЦ£Է¼ȻԸϴ·ͷЩ·ѽһҲϴ
Էԭں޺޵شһô˵ʱըˣһվרһҪҡ
δ䣬Ц˵㶼˰ɣŻ˵ʲô棬øһģɲأٸһϴϴɡ
Ǹ˴ʱѾӦԷԸҲģæ˵ѾͷعأͿһҹǶû˯ãһϴǸúúýѵѵ
ԷԽ࣬޽˵ߣ㺦Һû𣿾ڹ㶼ϷŹң
Ҳ磬ֻЦµĸ˵ټһɣҿûء
ǰ·ʱԷڲˣֻվؿޣֻЦԷֹס˿һĨᣬܵ˵ʲôЦ𣿡
ȻӲᣬڴݵλԷ˵ֱǾʲôܲˡƲƲ죬Ƶ˵Цʲôÿģֻһ䣬͵ˣʲôҪЦ
Է˲ӿ˳˵ǰͲãҾ㿴
ֻ˵ȴһЦˣָָǽǣߣȥǱ˵
ߵǱȥˣԷԥƬ̣׸ȥˣվǽ£۾ΧĶʵ¶˵Щʲô
С
ţ֮˼󵳣ˡǰڽץ̰īӷʱ̱ƹָʹطݹ˼ͣʱܱۼ˵£ӵ˰Ѻıƹ֮»ݣ˳飬һ
ˡ˵ǸǸϰһȽ᰸֮ʱжۡ
޵߸ڽ֮ϣ۲ŵ¸˵飬ˡֻɫ˿ţǴ㲻ʱ⣬Ȼһ򶨵ģȴܿʮֽţ޵ģ̫ڵʲô
ڴʱֻԪһ߽֮ڣ˵б£֮ҹ̫ܹͻȻɱѾĻʹ֮ӣϳͣ
δ䣬һСżܽ£̲α˵ط汩
ܽһ££Ӽ֣
޵һովİվһ£Ѳ¶ʮһ磬ӵ´ųôͬʱڽ̱ƹ
¶ʮգԷˡ죡޵ǰһڣҡǰ˵

 82 

¾С
Էһ, ˵֪ƫ㣡
ߺ촽һ, Цһ䡣
˵ʲôԷղӿ˳˵, ̫۸ˣ
Լ, ˵ؿбһ˫Ц, 㵽ҵл, Ϊʲô°ɣҲ룬Ҫǵùܵ𣿡
Էﲻ, ҭ˵ʲôл˵һлԼµ, ʲôϵ
ѽ鶼ȥˣƲƲ, ҪΪ㴫ȥЩлù, һӶøŵùҲܲء
ֲսֲҵ, Էһӣʲô
ԭǴͷ治֪γЩô̵, Ȼ̳ôһɵҡҡͷ, ǲǻŶһѣʡʡɣ㵽һˣд˵仰𣿡
Է, βŵµģеöߵʲô
ѹ˵Ķ漰ʼ£뿴ҪΪ֪ˣܵ𣿡
ԷȻͷԼ򵥣ôҲǺﳤģҲ˵һЩʱͻȻӦ˸սԼʵ˵ЩʱЩǼ˵ĳ£Ϊй߻ͼӴ׵˵һأʵѵҲŪ¾־ΪϢɱ
ԷͻȻ˵Ѿ˵ˣǸô죿
㶼˵ʲôʵ
˵˵½ȥʡի£Էµ˵УС
ʲô׷ʵ
һ磬´Ժ£ԷԽԽͣҸ˵ۿ㷿˵
žһ˦ϣ
¸ũˣϵѰŮӴö࣬һȥԷָ̾ͷӡ£֪Ҫ£Ҳֻ첽ȥ·ǸʱԸе·ϴϴ겻Է
߳¾֣ߵüͷֵʵǸģֵʵ۷ԷȴһҲᣬ»ʵûȥˡ٣鵽˵Ļô죿
һܻţǰôӦȥˣҲһܹأ˵ףĵǻʵ۵Ĺϧǻʵ۵İ⣬ʵۼȻӦûʲôŮ֮飬˵֪ˡϵǳҲرŶԡ
ǻǰĲ²ûŮ˽¡
ʵܲ˱ƭƭʵۻô
³ˡ˵öԣĳ̫Գ£֪Էô£Ŵˡɱġ
ӭͼһ·Сųͷ󺹵˵㣡
ˡ߶ӭǰȥµʵôôż
ϳʱͻȻεˡĨһѺһҹȥɣ
һ̱ȹʵôͻȻεˣ
ˣ֪ʵ۴˶ͬҲûˣӵİͷиҪӷͻȻˡ
ô˵Ϊ·գ̫̾ˡ
ɲô˵ûбˣѹ˵Ϊӵ£ֻº滹æ˵̫Ǳ˵ɱģмλ˵ǰڽʱ̱ƹ˵µײųڽϡ
һµף졭ʵѾ֪ˡ
Ӳסˣߣæߴٵɣҵļ
ΣΣŻʵô顣    
УԪڶΧڲ֮ǰصȴ̫ҽĽڴʱֻһ󼱴ٵĽŲһ·ܵ⣬ŷ߽£ˡ
ˡ޵˶¡
̫ҽһæ̧ͷԪԪ˵£żˣҲ˲˵ɣ
°ɣ޵ڰ֣˵
Ԫɫѿ˼㣬˳ȥԥҲ˳ȥ˿βԣæҲˣˡһ߳ȴͣס˽Ų
ڴУҲ˹ϣǸԱΪѣʵΪ˸߻ʵۣ¶ʮ֮ʱھ˽ᡣ
ʺ󼸴ǹѣʵۿ϶֪࣬ʵ۶ʱȴֲֻᣬҲǸӹϵ룬ʵ۶޻˵ҲʵǸں̬ȣҲʵΪŴǰǸΣԸһΡ
ȴ⣬һԡ֮ŭǡ
ˡתͷϵĴ޵˫ϥ£ʣ븸𷣣
޵òŵ˵к
¶ʮһ磬ȷھУ֮ǰδ򸸻¡ˡ֮ﱨ븸𷣣
⣬仰ʶͣס˲ӣаٸн
޵±һȻദʱ䲻࣬Ϊף̫˽ˡˣİԣ޹ؽҪˣ£Ὣ鶼ԼϡЩνԣֻ¶ġ
޵ʵڽ󰸣ΪιͻȻ
ǰĺɽؽߣõϢѾȷ빬ĿģԸϻȷϡˡ¶Ƕһ֮븸𷣣
¶ʮգԳ޵ĿԶʮɽؼңʮһ磬ϻؾСúÿ졣
ϵǣǧ֮ңڶʮվ͵ϢһҹϻҲʮֽţοų̣ܿǶʮղŵõϢҹ̵ظ˻ȥʲô侲ƵĶʧȥжϣ˰¶мķսȻİŮˡ
ˡ֪ҲԲȥҲ⣬ֻǧǶ֮븸𷣶
ֻ𣿴޵һЦ°ɣҪ˵
ˡ˵Ѿߵ£ˡ
ˡûлͷֻӯĽŲƽʱһߵǰȴԽһֱߵʵǰϥˣЦôأ
°ɡ޵ֻˡڰ֡
ˡֻ֪վȥˣжˡ̨ף˲ö⣬ǻʵ۷ƴһУҲһҪ
ߴһЦȴǹԪ˹ߴżڽ˵㾡󡣴ˡ㵹룬ֵòֵã
ŹؽˣĹ߰߰ڴ޵ǰסɫƵӣ˵£ˡ
޵Ŀǧذתһʱһʱ£Ǹ£ҲһʱģЦ̣һʱɫҰܣ档
޵һʱҲǵֻΪΪ£ãŵΪʲôҪޣΪʲôҪƭޣ 
Ұɡֻ߲ץӣ˵
лҪ˵ϴޣֹ

 83 

һʱ˼, ޵˵, ߱Ҳ˵ֻǰǰ, , ƤűԼץеǵ⻬ϣǧذת  
һ·߹ʱ, 뵽Բ, Ȼոմˡһ򣬻ʵһʣߴʱ, ȴֻһ仰˵
ƭ, ôһֱ
Ȼĳ̫, Ӳĳѻʵ۵ɵ, ҲδҲһ·ǻʵ۴ôͬȴôҲݲȥơ
޵ǲش, ߻Ұ֮Уֻƽʱĺһ, һˮ, ޵˵ºȵˮɡ
޵ֺһڣƤ, ͵˵ΪʲôҪ㣿
ڿϿˡ߾ñǼеģһֱű¡
㻹ᡣ޵̾һѾˡ
ϣЦ۾еʪ²ϣҲϡ
޵Ц£ƮǺء
Ҳ֪˵ʲôźãֻǵͷؿϵΣã޵ֿ˿ڣ޲㣬޴ûͷ
̾˿ָָǰԲʣ˵ɡ
æˮ룬˳Բˣ̧ۿ޵ҲòŵҲ֪˭Ҳ֪ˡ
ͷһοʱһΪֻˡ޵һֱڵĺܶʱҿ㣬Ҳ
ߵͷŵשʯһ仰Ҳû˵
ʵͷһǰûԳơޡһҡ֣ʱǻʵֻۣԼһŵİ޿κεķˡ
µĸôŹ֣һֱ£֪㣬Ҳһӽ˵׻ʵûʲôԲסģȡ
޵ͷʱҲΪ˫ԵʣģԽµĽȻѾϤˣòƣҲٴ
˲ͬתܣǽģôܴϣֻǽƣϵ°ˡ
˵ףЩ̹ĵİѾһȥˣûеڶ£ûˡ
ұΪ԰㵱£㣬㣬ҪʲôҶԸ㣬һΪԲȱ޵Ц£ʶ̽Ӹߵͷ㻹Ǹأһûܣƭңߵ޿صĵزģһ¡
̧ͷһЦȴԽص˵¡
ޣЩ㣬˽ģЩɵͷ޵̧ᣬ֪ˣϲеڶ£㲻ǽߡ˭ûأԼܣ޴㣬øһġ
ȥһᣬȴиһ仰Ҳ˵ֻǿĬĬصᡣ
ˣѾ֪ôˣİɡ޵ŵ㵭Ц⣬˵Щܣ̫ҽˡ
⵽ɫѾɷףæᣬܣһţ̱е̫ҽ
Ԫ̴˿첽߽ȥˡһ۾ȥѰʱֻҴ뿪ıӰ
һֱʱ룬޵ŽЩʳԣе˶һ߶ڴǱߣ鲻Խӷ𡱡
ʳ֮дų˲Ͻüͷʵ۲ȻҪ
ʱǰ߸Ŵˡ뼸һ뿪޵ĵƻһֱҹֱʱ֣һ߳æߣҪȥʵֻۣǸߵ£޼ĵƱˣ߳ùЩ˯عˡ
ͣסţʵûкЩ
İɣѾԹҩˣʣȥɣñ¹ġ
һҹ߷ȥҲ޷ߣֱʱʺۣ̱㿪ʼΣǼݣݺ׷ŵģȴǻʵۣʵһ߿ԣһΪʲôƭ޴ӣʵ˵Բ𣬻ʵ۵ȴͻȻ˴ˡʣҲһֱƭңΪʲôӲöԲң
Ȼѣϱһ㺹һͨͨҲ
ȷҲƭ˴ˡҲֹһΣĻǳͷβãȴÿǷΪʲô
̲
վϵĲ˵طж
ˡڱҲŲʵеʲôʲôʱеĶ
֢״ӦǮӺ׹Ķӳθĳ̶Ӧϣֻÿ٣濴ֻżļ¾ΣҩͻȻӣߵѱʴܲסŵ±С
ԣ¶ʱ̫ʱ򣬹Ӧһʼ׼Ҫڣ±¶мҩΪطǾ˭֪ǡøϻʵ۸Խƾͼƣѡ֮ɱˣ˳µذڵƵͷϡ
ˡĿתһ³ɵʬףʵ³أ
Ƥϵ˺ۿˣ˵ʿƤϸСΪ³ӦǱ˽֮ٵαװ˵Ρ
ɱȴл鵽һ¡ˡ׷ʵʱûп٣
С˵ľ飬ʬһֱںĵطŵĻʬ鵽ʱͻӡ˼˵ֻҪʣҲٵʱ䡣
ĵطˡԱߵķɽ鳵¼͸ı⡣ıҲҪ顣
ŰɽԱЩ߿ƾ·ӵĹԱô秵ģ˷֮±ðоĵطɲͱʬȥ⣬ȻҪó˳ų⣬׼ܲǵţǵ£۹
лŵ߿ƶǣ״ɲʬ壬жԴˡҲ˼־⡣ֳ֮£˵Ļӣ˵ķɽлҾģһʼҲЩԲɴˡҹڣǵûһʬĹ򣬰ʱͷһ˳ֻݳ˵侲Ͷվ
ˡϲϲŭ֮ɫֻ߳ʬĸ䣬лȥ鵽¶֮ˣҲ޷ѹй
ɽҵ³ɾֵģˡ˳ߣӦܲ㶫
£λˣ߽иոմϢվ糯
˶һˡջʵ۵ɫüͷˣ첽߳ȥ߼ӣոսӵϢʺȥ«塣                        
лҪ˵ˡΪʲôöԲңΪʲôΪʲô
ߣҵСż

 84 

С
Ƿ, ţ֮Ϊ׵һϵ, ڿս·ǹ˼ͳɣҲܳ, ʮս, ǹ˼ʹΨϤ˵ս, ضһսݡ
Ҳзһɵ, ˼ʹʱҪں󣬳ҲбĽ죬˭һ֮˺ʵĶࡣ
ţ֮һԷ˵˼Ǵ֮, ̾ͳ, ޵ϣֻ䶼ֺ, ֵ̧
ʱƬ, ޵Ŀɨˣл̫ϳ̫
лͥ, ˣէȻֶһ׵ı֪, ʵ۶Ѿź, ˼ȥˡ
žʹ£л̫
꣬ͼлͥ, ȵ˽һֱߵİǰУ˵һˣƽսҡ
޵ʵ̫˵޷
ݸɽ塣лͥ
һƬ̲סл̫δţܵ˴Σ
ͨ꣬رң˧ͻŤתս֣ͨ꣬꽻սʱݱܲξ˧ǧӭǧٵж࣬ȫʤͨ꣬˻䣬ɱٳȦֻӪȰһһ䣬һҡ£嵨ʶˣдʮ꣬꼫ϤԸٴͳս¡
һƬȻҪ˵޵Ѿȷ˻ã̫ԣӷΪݸ޸ǰ밲פϣӭӡӷⰲڶʹԴΪϺ壬һͬӭУ
ţ֮һۣﶼвãСϸԴȴ֪ģǰӢĲ£һֱ˼ͲͣԲűʮ궼ûʵˣҪ׿һϵֲе
ϣǰñݾҲ̫Ӷ׷°£أΣƾ̫ӾЭ
ȨȻòˣֻҪסݾãԴĳɰܾͶ̫ôȨС
·ͻȻȻԾȴȼһϣ⼸֮ƵƵԼҲûʵһƫˡԼλ᧿Σʱס̧ͷеĻʵۣڴʵܰҪĲɸԼ
޵һۣܿתȥ˵ѡӾЭݾá
һֻ룬ˣʵҪˡֻõһƬȻʶһͼҲֻЩ˵ĿﲻǳЦæͷֻǰɼ˵Ľש棬Һģһͷ
޵ͷ̾˿ʱض˽ǣȻѾ⵽̶ֳȣҲǱҪºֵʱˡ
һʱʵۣһʱ̫ӣһʱȥлͥоɲȻҲϳֻ̫ʵְ޷ӦîˣǴˡոջعãǰҲûʲôҵôͻȻһ¾ͱʵ۰εôߵλãѵʵ뷨뵽ƵƵ£ԭҪɵ˲ԭĻ˻ȥ䡣
ţ֮авæǰֱӸոս̰īҪӷҶܹ֮ӵҲûϴѣڴʱҪ£
޵˵˰컰þ񲻼ãҲôˡˣ㿴۴ˡ˵ɡ
ּ
ˡӦУתţ֮ҹ·ϣʶѾ¡ط汩֮£Ѳط֮ǰԶҩţ飬Ҳ˵طϽ֮µ̲еĶ
ţ֮˼طֱ̲ιɭϣôж£ҪѪˣ
ǲѪˣţסˡ˵ҷּ˰ɢ֮ţȥһɡ
ɢ֮ʱ޵ӵгãȻʱ޵۾˸Ĵ㡣
һϵγԭſڰε˼͵ͬʱס̫ӣ̫Ӷ϶ûû¶֧ţѡò
޵
͵ؾ̧ͷ޵ãȻı飬һʱвֻ̣ȥɡ
һգ޵ڸһ죬һֱҹﰲ֮뿪صʱԪˣ͵ʵöˣ
Զԡ
֮ڣƾޱ䡣
Դֻһҹڱ߽ϳ֮һǰ˼͹õػսֱӭӣսݡ
̲εͷͶףй˵Ϊ˽Թط¶Ѻ
ɽѭгһ·׷飬ȷ֮ҹһˮ̲δһʬ壬ȥţ֮ıԺһѡȻҵʱѾˮжϣţ֮Ͻ֮ƵƵ£˱ȥ̲һְ
ʱλӵķţʵۿ֮Զ¶ΪΪΪӷԵĻΪ
죬ɻʺΪѡ̫ѡһŮλүҲѡ˲ˣھΪѡֻʵ۷ʽ빬 
ֻһԭҪѺĳԻˡ˵ʵӣΪδ˴ηûӵ£˵ǰδɻ鲻ľƣͲСɻҲ£ֺα˾ࣿĪǲ´ˣʵ۸ûб˼
ԼҲԥᣬǻʵ۲ûж˼ôǰЩﱸǲˣ
鷿С
㿴˳ֵݸˡ˾ִʤˡ
ˡ˫ֽӹһĿʮеؿһ飬մƣٹգ߻ƽ
ʱس׷úһ𡣡޵ζ˵еüҲüˡ
ʴһսӢԩ˾һֱ׷飬Ѿҵ˹ؼ֤֤ˡ˫ϥ£븸ʴһþ˾ԱĿʾˣ
޵ãŵȻΪȻ˼ھеԾЩ޵˼ǣͼ֮
Ѿ鵽˹˼̰īĻʹʵ֤¹˼ָտɴˡ̧ͷŻʵۣΪʱһȫߣٻ
С
ʰ𿪼ĳʳֻһۣæݺڸǰæ˵š
ھеĹŮÿһʱԶ׼ռĶΪʰʰߵˣãֵᣬֻû뵽͹֮УȻһš
һƤһ壬鶯˭ʲô£ðţ

 85 

΢Ƶֻֽĸ֣Ĳ
һ, ֽƮȥ, ͷӿһ󷭽Ķģ˶, ֽһ˺, Ȼ˺ֱ˺òֽм, žͷǹɶŵĸо泩Щ
ôˣʰɫ, ʵ
û¡߷ɿ˵
¡Ѿˡ˷졣
ȡ¯ЩֽмȥŻο, һ̽, ֽм˲ȼһ, ŵȥ, ĺɫתǵĻҽ
߶һСѽȥĻҺɫ, ˼תܴ̽ϢȻĶ, ˵, ʺѾڳ˵«¡
£ֻа֪Ǿ, ǣ˭ְ֪Ϣ͸¶˻ʺ
ߴͷһһʱҲ벻˭ҲˡʺֶػؾֻЩֻҪʵ۹ϧͱƴ죬ʺҲû취㵹ǲż
СϵŸʵ۰߹ȥ׽˽ȴͻȻüЩżһǰϢȥ̫֮λ᧿ΣʺʱȻ˼Ը
⣡ 
ȴڴʱһŲ죬žһŮӵʺ֮߹ȥػ
߷ף΢΢һЦúÿ졣
ߵǰ̧һǲ߻żŮ֣һˣȴ⳼ķɫ
ûֻȥԶϳ˵ˣ͸͹ȥ
һϳڲߵةɽ֪ЩԣȲżʲʲô¡
ڵع˭֪ѹ͵һ㣬˵һ䣬Щѻ𣬽ӿڱʺּܲ߹ȥػ
ʹɫȽС̫ĵزȥһ·鷿һʵ۰ȱЦҪڣߵûǴĻҵָͲڹŮĲϰɣ
ʱ˼Ц˵ǱµٽģǲϵˣûбµĻҲý뿪ԵƬ̣Ҹ»һ˵
ʺּܲߣҲӣвֱ߳޷죡
˵߻ǲֻЦ˵ǸµķԸǸʺģ
ôҴ𣿺޲ԼոûͲӦСˡֻЦԵƬ̣ǱߺܿϢ
ԭҲгǸȻʺߵĴŮȻ۶ƣʱʺ﷢µּܲûʺŽ߲ɣ
Ҳֻµأƾ˭ҲбµķԸС
ﶼðˣڰԽп࣬⴫ԪһҹǵĶҲҰôļӣ
Ų߽ԪŮǴӵţһߵ߸ǰؿ
񣬵ʺ
빬ڣǹԪһۿ߲һЦúܲʺĸŮˣҲòۿˡ
ԪЦһ£ƿĿԸȥ鷿һˣ˵Ҫʻ⸣ʣ¾û£Ҳȥ
ʺԷٲΥ֣æӦˣ˳Ԫ֮⣬ȣһ̵鷿ķȥ
ӹʻԪԸҲţʱǶ֤
˵ĸҵæսЩͷվţҲҳһļŮæѵеĽΰԪˣϱ
߳һϱȻڻʺ
žͼŮѺһʮͷͷϴ˿ٵ긾ǰǸһüĿϡܿܰģʱʶ죬ϵɫƿ޷ǿ޵ģǺ£ǲ
ɫ䣬˼ȴǼתϱ֪ģӦǽľϸͬңǸǻ𣿻ʺʣʲô
ߣ㵱ѡ֮ʱֵ͢ĸдǣľŮĸǽҵŮԪ˶ϣ˵֪۾֮𣿡
ŮŮԼҲ֪߲˵Ůսʱ˵ˣҲ֪
һҲ֪ԪΪƵϣ𣿡
Ůҡ֪ܸԼֻ۲Ӧһ䡣
ʮǰľϸͬһլԺдŵģȴǹܼ۵֣լԺǽľңʱѾСԪ˵ߣӦ֪ǸҶﻵ˭ɣ
Ů֪赭д˵
ԪЦһҪڣѾʵۻˡ
ԪվԸϱϵš
ӭӣ֪ԼݲܸţվͥУֻ̧ż濴ţߺ̧ܿ˽޵΢΢̽Ȼվͥʱһ
Ȼϸ΢ദľˣܿóġﲻҲһǼеᣬԶԶؿŴ޵ȻһЦ
˵Щ֮󣬴޵ЩＫټżͥмˣҲ˵˼仰ﵣĲ飬ֻŷӽǰϣɴ޵ƺʲôȻºͣȴȴǰࡣ
ãһ£ˣǹϧģԲǸһı顣
һĵЦݣ޵ü۲չЩԪʺʲôҪ
˵Ԫ翴ˣаԱģдΪһ£нߵһʶ
ʲô£ʲôʶأ޵߳ʺƺпУЩҲ¹ʡ
ԪЦһ£żֳ˵½ȴǺæʮࡣ
޵Ҳٸпֻ£ʺҪʲô
ԪԸ
һæ̧ͷʱȻŮ˹ԶԶЦ£΢΢ҡҡͷ
ҪҪ˵˼߷ɿشһ飬·ྫ£ͷһ͵͵ƫ٣ɫҲ󣬿Ӳûܵ̿ŷ
Ǻˣ޵ʵ
檵ܵܵңԪ
޵࿴ۣʵʺʲô
«½һ׮ǰɱʬӵݵ˾׸ִ˳檵ܵܶ֪ȻɱӷԪ檵ĵ̰ܵ˾׸ʡ
ԽԽ̧ۿʱȴ΢΢ҡͷҲֻðŽȴġ
޵Щɻʵʲôɣ
ȻУԪ΢΢һЦݾ׸֤ɱ˵ģǽߡ

 86 

һƬž, վͥ, ǰֳǼҲȥݣǼҲ·ᵽǹղɢѪζ, ʱĿֻѹĵ, ȻѲǵǸ۵СŮѾѧ̫, , ܰվţɫ˿ĸı䡣
޵ֿʺ, ˻
ǰ, ᵱивĻƻ«̽ף֮˵˾, ɲܼ˴Ӵ֮ҲûյϢ, ˣ֪ûлȥԪߣΪʱ·Ѿ˴, ܲ鵽̫٣ʬһ׮, ֱǰ˵׸淢, ѭҵ˲ʬ壬ҵɱӷǰվ׸֮, ﵱйǰʧ׶ְʬںɽĵ
ﾹȻˣһ϶Ϊ˻΢΢һЦҨҡͷջĿ⣬ǧذת
֪µֻͰô淢˭߷ɿͥɨһۣͼϱվŵǴΧһѣȻһͷмиԱ˸߳һأ˲ˣǻ¡
ȻȻˣմæңкۼУʱվ淢ȻΪ˱ƺ;¡
޵˵ȻѾҵӷ鰸ɣֵǰ
Ϊֻ֣Ϊ˶ǽߣԪȻǱ´ģ檲òǰ˵¡
̧£֪˵һ飡
ǣӦվŴ޵˫ϥ£΢ǰ²μ£꣡
޵ɫ˵ɡ
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޵Ƴ˹ԪһۣԪ£˭ĳ
ֻӲסͷǰɫ΢΢һʱɱΣ«ͬס
ֻһЦʶر죬žԪߣʻ˭ĵӾ˷
ߣ⼸֪߱˻ȥֽ˹ʱŵ̧ͷһ£ĿⴥŽĵӣʱһǵǸѾͷ겻Ȼò
޵ߣԴżڽЦݣڳЦµĻôα޵¶һ˿Σʺʰ飬ʲôԺٸ˵
һǼΪʵ۾Ȼֻ赭дŹˣǵó裡
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²ҷֱ磬æ΢ͬס«壬ھӾǽߣ΢ϵסڴͷʮ磬ͷǽߵҼ˵Ҳߣ͸һȥˣһֱҹŻؼң΢ǵ·Ѫʱ΢˵Ѫϵģ΢ʱͲµթͳǼѪ¡
ȡ֤ԪԸ
ܿС̫һŮ£°ǵ㣬ȻѪ޵·
ǡʵԼҲ»ʮգŮھϵһȥѰã;ֿʱ򱻲סϷŮ֮ʱʧ׶ɱΪ˷֣Ͱʬںɽĵ
˵ѣæ˵΢û׶ӣǸӲĻɫ΢ڣôҵϷɽǶߣߣôȥһ˼ңѸ˵ʬ忸Ǳߣ΢ǵҹͷųɽǲǳ϶ûвװľǲʬ壡ɵ֮˴£ֺ£ҪɱģʲôɣЬ«嶼׶Ьʱõģ΢֮ϷߣɱҲߣֻæʬ֮ߺ¾ֻ֤
Ůû˵ѣɱ־ŮŮԸﲢֱϸڣֻ˵
ɫ䣬촽ȴԽˡʱĻŴǰԺţ߲ΧǽҡҡλεݣʧһŲȥϸƬĺᵵһϿ׷ˣץס׵֡
һеĻ涼͸Էʺһ׶ܱסԼҲܡ
޵޶˾ͳȥǰֻʮ꣬ǸӡתԪ˺⣺ʺѾ˼ΪЩһѹСĻӣˣʲôҪҲ๼
ߵͷбʵ۶Ѿµˣɻʵ۾Ȼô˵ûŴʵۣûŴʵۣ 
ԪŴ޵һĻȡµԴ޵ƫģ˰ǰҲɸ߿ѣĿԭҲڴˡһ΢Ѿͷˣ޷ʵϹͼԭȶԸһëѾͷҪĶࡣ
ԪǳְڣǵûʵᷳҲòǾǾͰˣֻ߲һ׮
޵ٺõģʱҲĥüͷ˵ҪΣ
ԪĴ΢΢һ㣬żּڽ˵Ϊֹɱ˵ɣǻҹǵ֣
ˣԪԸϱγӣ˹ϱ
γ֣ʶؿ۴޵ӦҪ˵ˣôǲǸҵĺӣǸǲǻ
޵էȻЩİ֣ЩûӦĩͻȻγ˭̲µʺͼش˭޲£
£Ԫ粽ã¹غʼҵ棬檼ȻѾ֪ˣͲòֱɣֻྻᡣ񣬰֤
˭Ҳ׼޵վ˵ȫ£½κ˲𣡡
£¹غʼѪͳةɽæǰɵǵϢ˵£²ܲ顣
ô޵Ļ޵ʵ
ɽ˵ֻڨڨؿŹԪԪгһžͼ䡢ʵС常ݴҴ߽˵£ɣΪάʼѪͳ£
ٲ֪Ҳò֪޵ֻ̫Ѩͻͻֱ˰ŵã飡
лҪ˵ʺ󱬷ˣŴУ

 87 

ˡϹʱ, Ѿر, 棬ʱһΪѵ˵, Ҫ´, ʱˡ
ȥһˡҲ໰ֻƽطԸ
ŵֵ¡
ˡһ, Ȼû˵, ѹȴһֻøĿڵūȥ¡
ƿһС죬ȥ, ֹ, ˡվǰţž, ˡɫ糣, һȴ
ʱգе¶ѼϣʵҲ޵͸¶Ĵ, ʺȥӦΣȴѡʱߣʲô⣿
ˡ֪Լվ, лʵ, Ӧò£ʱֱλεظ߻ʵ˼, ʵǡ
ȻȴֲܲݺɽѵյΣȻΪ˽¶ߵһǻ˽ŮֻҪάţЩ˾ܱȥ
οЩӲ鵽Ϣп˽¶󱻻ʵ۴ģһʵ񻹺Żһߵ¶ʵҲпǨŭʹɱ֡
ѻȸˡȷʵ۴ʱʲôӦҲʵۻΪ޷εִٴηҲʺץסѱٴιȻѲ⣬Ҫȷİȫ
Ųڴˡæͷһŷ죬õ½ȥ
ˡ߽ڣմйֵصĸʱӰȥˣˡɫԽϸ룬ʺյʵģѰ˽ŻʺǱߵĶûκ쳣ʺôϵرô˶յһͻȻڽ췢ѣĪ©ʲôҪĻڣĪǻʺ⻹ڰǱ
չѾߵ£ʱƿһ㣬½ȥɡ
ˡ첽߽ȥˣ̰Ȼˡǵһ۾Ϳߣվڻʵ󣬺촽΢΢һȣǳЦ⣬ڻ谵Ψ֮ɫҫͬ
Ȼˡ֪Ц֮£ڲصǶôĵ档
Ҳ⵶˹Σ˵ԽԽֹͣͷУУŬҪԼȴֻŲ׹ޡ
Ц̫Ϥʱģ̫Ϥˡǰ˲ϢЩƬΣЦݷϥϣббǰ޹ǵһһĵ˵žĻһ̱ڻʱҲֻź£Ȼܿ죬ЩֻŶữɫУһһ̽
Цݣ̬ѾԼֻ˵׼ʹ֮С
ˡкȻһ˵Ľ֮顣İŮˣӵǹΪߵΪ־ڱصãڸ֮£ҲԼһģΨֵ˲ܲˡ
ſڵУֻж̶̼ľ룬ȻĹȴһ˲伷ŰŴǰӿˡתĿ⣬Ŵ޵񣬵ʡ
޵ббУ첲ӷϣƣָָԱߵСʣʾ¡һѱĶʱ򲻱ɵظΪʲôȥ£Ѿƣٲˡ
Ԫһ˫أЦ˵£˶ˣͿʼʻɣ
޵һԲذڰ֣Ԫ̱ϱڱǰһж㣬ʮǰľϸͬһլӣд۵֣ŵǲǽľңǸҵʱǲǻУ
ߴŵЦ⣬ڻ谵ĹпϱʱͷΪ־Ӷڲϰ˵ˡˡū澸ûǱźūʲô֪
񣡡Ԫ̧еϳȥ̣
ϱһӾ̱ڵأ߷һ˫Ѿãʶڽ֮ǰӦѾù̡
ĿγǱɨһۣγնţȻƹ죬һ˫ҲõģҲܹ
ߵЦԽģһ۹Ԫ죬ǲˡǾɣ
޵ƣԿ£ʺҪ޿ϱñ𣿡
檲ңԪ񣬵Ϊ׷࣬òЩֶΡ
ϱɭɭ˵ˣ̣˵ʵ
ϱڽ֮ǰѾٰܹ㿽ʱŻãʵ·µƤ⣬Ѿûһõˣһ֣ϱɸһض˻˵˵˵
ᣬ϶˵ū澲֪ʲôҵ£ֻһūżȻƼҵǱȥΪҵǱСģĸŹȥϺү棬иеŮˡ
޵һʹˣ۾
ԪһɫɽǰȡһửչˣϱʵǸеŮǻ𣿡
⽫ţ˶ü߱㿴һˣü۳ķһģһ˻˭
ϱŴ
߿޵һæǰסˣ£
޵߷ţֻǲ˵žһˮ͵ߣۿʱȴǴˡ޵ֺһڣ΢࣬ȴǲβ裬ȻԾʹѵǿȴԵ˳һЩ
ǰһֱŲ飬ܰοԼҲŪˣʱ֤ȷ䣬ʲô˵
վŶӣұվ³裬Ӹ³軹βɳ裬ҲβøͷĻʵۣԪڽһЦȥ
˫˫ϱԪŴ޵˵ڽ֮ǰǽľңʱѾ˽ľ֣Ǹ֣ǽߡ
޵һԲؿĿ䡣
Ԫ⣬ֵӣ˵
һãŷȻһͷ׵̫ţʱӦվ˵ʮǰū澱ȥϵŮū澶һƿơ
ŮԪ
ǸѾͷһָߣ
ֻø첲ϺȻһЩʵ֧Ųסһ㣬Щ͵һЦ˵ӣֻ۾ң
ֻ۾ó㣡Ӵ˵ǸŮ˳һģһ
һĸŮ𣿡ԽЦúãʥҲһѵǾǸӣ
Ȼ֪ʲôʥˣʲôȴ֪̾͵㣬Ҳϴ
֤أЦݣɫһû֤ݣտƾ͸ڱǰݣֱ
Ҫ֤ݣԪ˵ã֤ݡӣǸѾͷʲô
Ѿͷұ߼һָ׸ǴСĺߣӺԥ˵
ԭˡȻһЦ˵ӣɵˣЩߵģ˵óųžûء
ᣬ˼ʮ꣬öˣеĳųžûˣһӶһָߵҼ磬·һ֪
ֻ߲΢΢Ŵ޵Ц˵£Ҽûкߡ
޵ֻʹ֮ƣ̾˿̧ۿ͵˵ˣ޲㡣
ˡƤŵڷ
ȴֻЦ£ĲңҼûкء
̹Ȼ޵Ҳһ˿ϣʵûУ
ûСЦġ
ԪڱϿţһͷ˵ûеģһ֪
е
Ƴһۣ˺촽
米һOO@@鿴ߣ˵Ŀⶼϣǲ
꣬߳޵Ծֱˣ˵ûкߡ
лҪ˵ϴޣͷȫҶͷ
ϴޣడ

 88 

ûкߣԪϵĵɫʱһɨ, ôûУ˲
ûкߣ޵һ, ʱ, Ҳؾꡣ
ûкߡˡȻĿ⿴, ʱƶЦţ֪, ϲǿߡ, ʺû˴ĽڣͿʺγС
Ӱһӯ˳, ŹԪȻһЦ˵˲, ƫš
ǡŨ˺ƣէȻͶһ, ޵Ϣ˳, ¶Цݡ
Ԫһɵת񣺡ɿˣûкߣ
ûУ֪Ƣ, һţӲͷƤ˵ұ߶, ûкߡ
ܣԪȻ˵
ȷϹ߼кԺ, ɷѿĳﻮһĻôûУѵҲˣ
Ԫʱ޲Գȥ飬ȻԼݰ, ҲܸһŮһָӣȥٸһ飡
֪أ̾ҪǰһѽƵһЦҲ䣡
ʺ󣡡޵վǺ֮¸õЩҪЩʧݵ£
⻰˵ļˣԪǺһʱֻҧһ仰Ҳ˵
޾ˣ޵һִֻڴˡ첲ϣӷ޻ȥ˵ȫ£
ſߣҲȥɣ£ίˡ
æȥߣ߳󣬻ͷƳ۹ԪһЦ
ʺڻûô°ɣ
ǰݺҪϴԡʱͲЩԣƽʱϴԡ巢ﻻϴЩ飬ǽʰģݺֻЩֻƣʱͻȻڣǼ鼴
߷ǵûݺ̣Ҷ˸ۣƽʱ֮ʱԶݺ˽ȴʰ䣬⼸ҪӱݺЩŪʲô̡
Ȼֹһʰػ˵ݺһ࣬˵ߵ㣬͸ʹûаߵ㡣
뵽ϵİߵ㣬Ǻһʺ֪ʲôϢҪȷϣһ⻬ĺüһߵ㶼йҪûʺʧˡ
ǣôûʺʧأȻҪʺһĴ𰸡
ʰ׳ݺĻʺҪǼϵĺߣ߱֬߼϶һߵ㣬ڻ·ʱ⡱ݺȻ죬ó
ԪĵЦݣһɤƤϣֺغһƬԭֻǾᣬҲûи⣬ʱȴ޲ǰܳڶ
ۿʵѾߵſڣԪͻȻ˿ڣ£ɥ֮ΪҲݣԽͶսݣҲ˵õݵɷӢ˽飬̥ᣬһŮӤ֪һ¶Լ֮أԸŮӤѳԼȷŸӣȡ¡
޵ͣס˽Ų濣ӢͣĲ²ǶԵģ¹Ȼǵ˽Ůֻǣʺʱ˵Ϊʲô
߸Ҳͣ˽šôʲôˣתȥʺ󣬾Ҫʲô
ʮһ꣬˽¶ҩݱһɱȴӢ£֮ս͵ִУһֱʺԪ꣬ҲǱ¼λ꣬ӳ֣͵͵ܻؾǣ˵ʱҾľԪһһ䣬˵ҲͬĸĽ㣬γɷ򡣡
޵ѹеʹת˵˽飬ʺ󷽲Ѿɷѿ֤ʵˣôҪһ
ߵĿⲻγͼվ⻰ʱӲزֺƺŷŭ𵱳Լʱˣֻ¹γҲΪǻ뽭ľ˽ŮԲô
Ԫûʵۻͷͷķʱ࣬ǵһЦ˵ֹЩб£ҲҪһ
ʣˡֱթ޵˵£˵棬Ҫ
޵ƽٴαҵòŵã߰ɡ
ߣԪ̵˹ϱ֪˵
ͨһǰվڹγߵһӹսս˵ʺ꣬ǻ꣬˸Ҽү̫̫Ͷû죬Ҽү̫̫ˡ
ǵݷʹѾͷ£ȥģݺ͹Ӣ˶ϵԪƵ˵꣬ת˹γϣľҲİɣ
ʱѾѩ֮ܿר裬ʱʺҲøӣ˼ҷǣݺ͹ӢΪ˲ۼˣҲֻ˫˫濵ѹǰγΪǻŮʱڿ˵ﺦݡ
γ˫ϥ򵹣޵ͷֱ£ԩ񸾵ɷû˽飬ʺﱻɱˣЩ˶ݣ
ĵʮͷϺܿͼѪߴδģоЩЩ˶˵ʵΨܣΪ۾֮ģɷ򣬼˵ʵңһάԷ϶Ҫǡ
ԪһЦ㲻˵Ҳб֪񣬴ɣ
޵ʱԽԽɻü˵Ѿʣʺֻ׷Щʲô
УˡУʱͬɻ󣬻ɹٶ಻֮£ָʱľʲôϵ
˵֮䣬ѾУԪһɫɲ԰˵£ʶһͶ׵ʱǿ/
ûУݣݣγһеؼһͷǽײȥԸһ֤Ҽүף
û˷Ӧһͷײǽϣʱû졣
޵ؿһƣʺҪĽ
»𣿡Ԫ΢΢һЦ˵ǱӢǿռӣ»ֱݶ֮ԴϽľ뱨ΨһŮγӦû轭ľ֣֮ݷ򸾺͹γֻϧľǸܵˣԸԻ棬ֶ˱¡
ʺͶ£ľԷƿ⣬³ƣҪ͸³£;ˣ£ƭ°ּӽѡ㵥ӡγŴ޵жǳ£һʼ̾Щ꣬Ʊ
ۡһ޵³һںѪһΣεڴˡС
жʱңˡ̵̫ҽ
ԪɫɵطԸ̫ӹִ֣
²أʱܾţ㴫ȥӺ͸ڼҵϢ븣ű£
ӣԪˡ˵ѱ̧ȥ޼Ъš
ˡ俴һۣŽ޵𣬴ڵ޼䡣
һƬæ֮УһԽԽʺΪ˶ԸҲǽҷʺҪģǻʵۣҷ̫λ
Żҷȥ޼䣬ˡ˵뷨ӣʺҪ£
ɴˡʱһҲûĿⶢŴͷ̯һӣǻʵ۵עҳעʮΣÿһնдšޡ                        
лҪ˵ϴޣడ

 89 

˲Ϣ֮, ƾޱ䡣
ʵ۵ڶһԾɻԲ, ̫ҽԺ̫ҽڸΣȻԱ˸ְ취, ڻʵڻвҩ, ˳ٳٲץ̫ҽ޲ߣֻҹڲǰ, ʾ֭ҽ֮
Ӻ͸Ϣ, ļǣżҪȥɻʺȴڴʱ, Ϊ˲Żʵ, ̫֮⣬һŲǰ, Ҳ, ڹţʵټ
󣬶ԻʺжԹ, ӴǸçײģҪʺʸûڷվĺһ߰˸˸, ҪʵЩĩϢ, ԭӻԼס߶Ψдˡֻܴ޼вһ⻹л, ʮֲҵˡǰʺԣʺǸˣڻţŴ˸ʺ۵ͷ
ձʺܵģȻӲԹһֻǸţϢǲֶߣܿ˶֪ˣʵǰ谮ĽߣѾʺѺУ
ǸСҪùˣԭһʱֻȻԼҲȥţȻϢǻһЦտ
ڶ糯ʱվʱֳЩһϵĹԱڴп´ʣֻ˵ʱߵػս£¶Ҫ˴̫ӦȻ֮𡣴ƴ˼֮Ϊѵؽܽɣʱ
ֻ˶֪ȻϿǴǸǻʺΪֵĵһ£ǽ˼ͷų̲Σְָ
ɢ֮ʱһЩԭԥ֪ǷӦýǰ̸Ѻͻϵĳʱö⣬ʵǰЩʱͲãθǻԲѣһиʲộ̫Ӽλǰ϶£οʺź󹬣Ѿɽӱ糯ûϣʲôǰ;Ȼ֧̫ӣ
ͷԵشϰԭЩӣ汻ڹһһطãӽҲԭҲѣʵëΪƫĴˡѹԵʣ
㸸ʹˣ˹ƻ󣬷ֲôԪ˵Ψĸ⹫֪ܵεһúøɣĸָء
ӶȻĸʧ緢˵
³лЩŴˡ㲻ɴ⣬Ԫֵĸ֮һܷڵس߰ţһЩ˵ġ
룬ɻʵĸ˵𣿡
Ԫ԰ĳٶֻۣ˵Ȼǣȥһлңл̫ɣΨл̫Ĳܰȡ
̫С
鷿˫Žգлͥţл˵ѾڻʺĿ֮£Ӷǰѳֻ֣Щ˲ñһɣؽģ취¡
лڽУ±ˣѾһ飬ӦӦ֮ߡ
䣬ĸ˵̫үүүɽԺˣүɽϲܳ
лͥл˵Ҫлˡ
ǳҪϳڣ̫Ҫ˳ӣȡ֧֡
Ȼûãٴηܹ̫ү˴ţ̫ӵҪԹ̫ү
游лһü˵֮ɫҪôиʣ뷨Ӷȥ
лδй֮ˡ˶֮ʱΪлԵΪΪǰɹϧлͥվ˵һɣȥӭ̫ӵ¡
Ӻ󣬴Էлͥ߳лҴţֽлͥڳ֮ϣʹķʻȥлͣص˼㣬ʵδ游͸׶ʺƣˡֺţõǺã
С
΢߽УԪлУξ
ĸлУξԪһʱ벻ʵ
л٣̫ĶӡŷлϸԼ˵ΣͷͬС¹ײлУξ˵ҪҪ
лͥĶӣǸˡ鲻ǸԪ룬
⣬лĻЦ˵л
һ˫һֻۣæ˵ֽлУξԺҵ־ͺá
áлˬһЦл
첽ȥǰʱһҾлټʺ
Ԫ˵кҪ
ɷңлٵ
Ԫ룬һ֣ź˲˸ɾл˵Ը˵ͣ˵̫Ϊ̫ӵá
Ǽÿ졣Ԫ׵ܺãˣȻ㡣
л΢΢һЦӹٽֻҪһˡ
˭
ߡлٵ
Ԫһ£Цһ벻лϵͷΪŮ󵽱ǰģ
лЦ£ϺɫǰδʱЩɽһȻȢ£Ҫ˵ûκвȴϲɫ͸һĽΪЧ
ԭлҲΪɫ˵ͷġԪһЦȻɱйߣлҵ֧֣ҲɱҲСԪ˵ԭʱҲйϸ𣬻˾ɷ򡣰ˣһŮˣֵʲôֻҪ˵̫ЧͰ͸㡣
С
谵СķֻǽߴһȰƴ˶ٵСվС£˫üʵӦûڲôˡأ˽⣬ˡں޷Ϊڻûж
С㣡˻̫̫ЩˣС㣬ˣ취Ⱦ̫̫ɣ
չԪһγײǽ֮Ȼû˿һֱѪֹԪû˸ôһ࣬ʱۿڵϦ
ߵǰŰĹ߿˿˿ڵĲѾ͸ѪٲҽΣѪˡ
ûˡקס°һһ˺һ鲼ϣȡγͷϱѪ͸Ĳ°ˣס
С㣬ڹôã϶зӣȾֳ̫̫ҭŰ
ʲôӣߵҲʺ˵ˣҪء
ڻ̿ʱͻȻˣлվ⣬һЦ߰ɡ
Ȼл١ҲһЦȥͨһˣͷС㣬ˣȾ̫̫ɣ
Լĳ̫ˡ߿л٣ûзӾ
лٴӻͳСƿһӣƿƿڷһ
źܿϣסֵ߸л󣬲ŷȥģͻȻһϲæʵˣ
ûСлٵͷ΢΢һЦҵˡ
лҪ˵ϴޣ쾹Ȼû޵Ϸݣ
СޣûϷˡ
Слʽߣ

 90 

̸λڴ仪, ڹ͢Ľش, ԭǹյǸ;ڣʱվ, ЩɻлʵԺ
ԡлٵ˽ȥ, ЦҵĹݾڴ仪, ƽʱ, ˳·Ҳܹ㡣
ĥŵǾ仰һʱ²͸⣬ں߽ȥ, ˳ֹ, ʵл٣㷽˵, ʲô˼
ûʲô, л£αһ쿪, ҴӦʺ£Ϊʺˡ
ͻȻͷ, ˰, ȻһЦôһ˵ʺȻˣ
Ϊʲôţ˵ġлټЦˣԼҲЦ, ˵ڽһһصȴǨ߸ֳɽݾڻʺ˵ڼҪ֣õóֵˣۼ۲Ÿɣû˭Ҹʡ
Цǰһ߸˵ģҡͷЦô˵Ļʺδ̫ˣ컹ҧгݵҪɱң˵һ仰ͷҳˣ
һң׮ĽסлѣԼøЩʺʤȯգ˵΢ֻһ㣬ܻҵЧңͬʱǣлңƵһ˫񡣡
ϸϸţȴôҲ˵Ǽ٣ͲڲӪں
ʲôǲܣʲôǺ̫Ӳ˳Ĵл̽ЩһЦҵˣ㰲Ĵɣ⼸칬ң¿¶㣬һҰѳԵõĶ͹ʹڷҪߡ
ֶؿһۣվˡ
߿ߵǰ̲סʵµĲôˣ
Ҳ֪Ͱһ飬˻ʺĸ˭Ҳȥл˨
߼׷ʵո˵Щ𣿡
£лţͷһЦ߳ȥš
һӰƬ̣æߵǰͼл仪ȥ߿ıӰ׷ңôҲ²͸Ǽ١
ã߻ǷŲ϶¥ԶԶķֻĹŽرţӷǽļ϶ԼܿȻʵ۾Σȴǲö֪ˡ
վ¥ϿСʱ֣ĹϰҲһӰ߹ҲǴûİףĩͻȻƼһӴҴȥæֽе
̧ͷ־ϲվסʵûˣ
߷ɿشӶ¥ʵôˣ
Ҳ֪Ц˵ܹܣЩ˶ȥĵطźˣ¿⣬ⲻҸȥ̫ʹ󳯻õ۷ء
һıȥݺģ˶ˣΨڸ˭ˣԶѹʵۺʹˡѵǶû׷
ӻʵ۲С룬ʵѾͷأ
ʰ䷢ȥ¾ˣݺǺӣ̾Сĳײ˻ʺ󣬰ʮӣӻ֪ǻء
ֻ²ǳײ˻ʺǻʺǿߵľ˰ɡ߸̾ݺǿҺܵʰأҪзӵĻܲܰæ¾˵仰Ǳչ˵òã
ھ˵Ҳûඡ̾˵аɣѻҹȥ¾˵һͿвðɡ
ߣ̸ֿϱЩɻ󣺡ǰһ˵ʺ㣬ûˣ
ûˣлУξʺ飬ҳˡߵ
ϱЩȣҲû˵ʲôֻоգǼࡣ
ﶼŻʵ۵Ĳ飬æʵҾǷĲ±£ȥ¡
ˣѹ˵²ãҪǳԲȥҩĿ˿СطĹ¶һ飬ƽѲߵҲףСģҵˡ
Ҵ뿪Žȥֹ
ȥС¶ˣѲߵĽͻҲˣʺﻮĺ飬̫٣ҪЩµʺͼЩֹʵۼȥҲʵ۾Ͳ¡
ʺ̫˽ʵˣһֻ̣Ҫ࣬òʲôʵԼͳܲס
ˣûѾûκôʺ˽϶ڻʵ۵Ĳֽţ֮뷨ûʵ
л˵ĺܶԣ̫Ӳ˳Ĵǻʵѹ˵һ׼򣬴ˡΣҲҳӣվסš
ʲôأлٵͻȻԭ֪ʲôʱѾˣණЦ
Ҳ룬ʺû˺úøβ
ҵĻҾͲᡣлЦŽŶһϷţֻҪ˳ӣκ˶ë
ȻֻҪʵ۹ȥˣ̫Ӿ˳λ˳ģͳ˻ʺ֮ĬĬţл˵游̫ڹУҽҲزܵΣʱš˵Ƿ˾פҲЩ춯
һܾлƺʲôæ߹ӹлĶڨҪϸʣȻĶǵױЩģ⻻ϴ·趹ҲУлһľľͰ
һ򲻾СڣʱҲЩ죬æװ·Сӽӹһ˵㻹ȫ
ǼõĺôˡлЦСǳõĶҶ֪һЩ
´һֵƽʱסˣֻûдҽͽͣȥܳˡ
ȥԺǾ˵ʵۡЦ£ҡͷһӲȥ
лٿ˵´ȷܺá
ٶ˵ֻŰѶúãŴױƣһţҸͷ
ţһʱ⡣
ҵޡлһЦһģҸ˵ģʺҡ
л뿪ҲûзӦԭżϣлӦ⣬Ȼʱ־ãҲ˵ĶģͶ˻ʺ
ô죿
ɫ˼ҲųȥֻµĺӰվţſһ˵Ĺаתǧء
лٵĻʲô⣿᲻ˣô죿
֪ʲôʱͻȻһˣͳںڰ˵ʱڴ˴
лҪ˵СޣһmmpҪ
СޣΪǿҪõӦеĴ

 91 

ˡ
߳һ, æͷʱ, ǰӰһ˲Ϣ֮Ѿ̸ããҹɫ, û˿
ոյһкֻǻþ, ֪ԼŪǴˡ, еؼ, ϢͻȻʱĶһ޶ĸодڵģŪ, Ǵˡ
Ѿ, ҲѾﻮ˾Ȼʵ۵İ취, ˡ
Цݲ֪㸡, ˵ʺ˲ã˵ѾͶ·Щ˶
ûסܴӹƽȥ, Ҳܡ
ԭҷ׷׵ľ˲ƽˡˣʵۿ϶ܾȻ, ʺ», Ҳֻˮһա
߽ȥšˡҪߣԼ, Ӧòᡣʵ۲أԴˡ˽⣬ӦûӦֱƿؾơôˣ᲻ᱩ¶ˡ
ʱлûҲûͷǽһ䣬лùģߴһװĶǲκ͸ֳʳﻹһССķ¯Щ⣬һЦлپȻĶҲ֪˼ҡ
򿪴Щ̿࣬ȵాŨʱִ﷭һһ̿ţȥͷֽŵĳʳ
ͷһһкõ±⣬Ѿˣֱһȥֻ磬ֽ˼飬ٲֽʱһ·Сˣź֮࣬һȴۼӣҡ
лپȻ֪Щ΢΢ľȣĺɽйƽʱ棬Ǵ֪ģ
֨ѽһ죬лŽһֱߵǰִϵֽһӣͽУŰõĽֽϣַȥһͰˮЦĺɣܸϳԷ
ӣң˵ʱЩ֮Цʵô֪Ұ
ĴܴĳлٰˮͰźźãߵǰִһӣңü۴Цؿ
̫Ѱ˼ɷɻһԷĳȻֻ֪ʱڵĻлŻϲ
ҹĺɽʱйĲڸоֳˣ߰ӣҷϣȥԼʢ࣬лٳӣң̧һЦҲûԷء
ܷ𣿡Թ£һźţЦ˵
ܷصŶӹһԡлټֻŲԼȥʢһ࣬ǰ±£ûȫ̫鷳ˣһֱӴ˺Ӳ˹԰ɡ
߰һ࣬ǲ̫㣬¯СҲУֻܰ࣬ʲôûҲŪˡ
ôһطͱҸˣи֮ˡлЦ
ϸۻʵۻǴˡӦöԹķˣлٿ˵⡣
͵һЦһѣʲôأ
Ҳģһл˵⻰սЩǰؼʱӭһֻūҸè֣ȡʲô
ء죬ĻͷʱȴǷ¯￾ˣըӴ¯ųȵ̿Ҳըǵģǰĵ϶ʱ˱һҡ
ӦпٿģΪ㣬Ҿ͵˸ҡҡͷȻըô첻ˡ
ͲɡлЦü䣬á
ֻҪԺôΨһһԹķˣֻһࡣ
߷Ҫȥʰ¯ңлѾվЦ԰ɣŪ
߱˻ȥͼ˿Ӱǿ¯ңŵһһ߰ǣһֵֵش̣
ΪҪʰ¯ңԭżӣ߲ɵúЦԼ㣬ϸѱų¯ҶɨɾˣǱлһ֣æӣȥһˮ΢ǰѧѾͷǵ˵֡
Ц˳Ŀŵϰɣﲻˡ
лٹȻ߶ȥϴлٸҲֽ̧˵˰
ʲôлü۵׶Ц⣬޲ʱڴ˿ͣפֻ˵ڣҵء
͵һЦȥǰˡ
лٸŹӰһŰõ͵ߣ
ʶض£лȴִǰһ֣ȵⰤ촽лٵһؿŹƻ󣺡óԵģ㡣
ͻȻһȣǰлЩİЩΣգ߶Դùǿӣл㣬Լ԰ɡ
ԡлЦЦߵǰָùǿӣͷյü˵˿أǵЩ
˼תˣʲôˣʺˣ
лٴЦⴹͷ̲ٵէƽʱûлٻǲһŵĻңںߣأлסǿӷߣĺ촽ԡ
̫лǹд΢΢ɬҶϢܵذΧߣԽԽȣһЦҧסǿӣʺڼ㣬Ϸ
л΢΢ЦţͷԣԸ⣬ġ
ЩͣסˣлٵĻشȴˮٵһ͵͵Ц˵ϷȤ
ĵǵɬʹлЦ˵Ҳá
û뿪ֻǿذüվţʣµһſŰһſιУЦ´飬ȫǶԴİŮӵģҲЦƺڣлϷ
˷ϴ־棬ϨʱлĶص͵һЦյǰ߶˵ûأ㻹øҼȥ
Ȼ游͸׶ڻʺУȻѾͶȻΨȾָ˻ʵ۵Ůˣųû˻ͷ·ʺһӪ  
һжòΪο˼ҹŮˡ
лٵ˼ƣٵ˵ҲҲԼϷֻҪԸ⣬Ȣ㡣 
ȴ䲻ʵʱ˵ֻèȡʲô֣
ءʧţţл鲻Խظߡ
ڰֻЦţ֣ÿ𣿡
ϣøè̫Ź֡ʧԽԽԽл֣ͺܺߣɽߡ
һϢֱߴһӲĶߵ彣Žʷм䣬ס
ģȵģлٲ˵ǵŪ㶯
ʲôʵ
лٳĬƬ̣ݸһЦ˺ŮͬʱĶ
̸⣬һӰں󴰵ӰĶǰ͵͵˵ʱЦŮżҲЦٺ棬Цʧˣ齿֨֨ҡʲôԶ 
ȻǷлȻڹﶯʵ۵ŮˡӰһ뿪
л٣ڰУ߽һ
лҪ˵СлѼ

 92 

խխ, һ, ιл٣̲סЦ
ֳȵ, ʱչ, ס齱زŲæҡţŪɢ˼һ, ֨֨ѽѽͣ
ϻ, Цʵ̲סѹл٣ⶼǴѧĹϷ
ûԹ, û𣿡лһҡ, һŴĶʱʱҡεļ϶ϸɤź, ҲЦ, ˵ĹϷһ֡
ʶڣΨдʱ˵оֻ, ǿɰһЦˣ٩˵øүøл, û뵽ŪЩİϷ, Ҳᳵ·
۾ѾӦ˺ڰлٿŽߣѹһļĺ, һˣ֪ˡ
һЦҡҡͷҲҲµõ
ƬͣЪл⵽ѾˣﾹЩҲ֪ĶһֱȥҲǼѵõʱ⡣
Ȼ׻˵ʵˡ
һϢ齣Ц齾øɣȥһ
ȥɣϻл齵ԳЦ˵ôҲᳵ·
߼˵ĺɽйһҹҲûټ֣ĬĬ߻ˡϯ֮仹лٵ£ǹɵҶϢڱǶˣҹ쳣İ쳣֡
߲̾һ
лα˸ͷţֽȷչ  ʵôˣ
Щı£߱۾Щ꣬Ҳ֪ôˡ
лٳĬƬ̣ٿʱЩͳߣûԺô죿
ң£Цôܹ
ˣһߣҶȴֹԷˮϪߣܻζֻǣлȴܲģھУ۸ӵƱͬϺڣҲⱻ޴Юˣɼسδ֪ķ
ĵһ˿ϧлȴ˼ѱϣҴ߰ɡ
ȥ߱۾һûһظ˵Ż
ȥﶼСлںڰпٲڹʲô¶
£ϰ췴ӦƷеζǼⲻе㷢ᡪȻã
ĵһ˿ů⣬絽ߵ͵͵Цţ⻰˵ġܽڻʵߣǼĸأ̸ʲôסˣ
лҡҡͷһ⣬㻹ȥĺɽ𣿡
ΪʲôȥһأҲʲôͬŶҪһأ ȻһЦһЩѱ¡
ǺܵʵۡлЦ£ʵϲڹ
ϲߺԥش
ΪʲôҪлʵ
ڸУ֪ʲô²ߴЦûǮû·ߵҰݣ˭ܲһţҪסԼסˣʹٱѽɱˣ˹˹ģɱЩˣòӵҩǮһ纮Ҫ
˵ֵǮǾ仰ô˵ģݽ档ϲȨƣҪһУһ⣬һж䡣
лٳĬƬ̣ʵף
šҹﴫĻӦƺסˣЩ塣
лٺӵ뻳úõذο֪ǻ㿪ǵת˻⣬ѹֵգǮƣô
һʵЦȻǻƵأӽ
лٸЦ˵ҵó㵽ʱҪеģëԼ
ЦãǾô˵ˣʱʮᣬҴлһݣ
Ȼ֪˵Цлǰȴǳ̻ݵɽɽˮˮǰδеڴ֣˵ãҵ㡣
˵һллߵԽԽͣԽԽҪ˯ˣȴڴʱȻһ˵Ҳ֪£׺ЩûС
лٿαϣ۾˵ŻʵۣҪβģ
֮С
Ŵţҡҡں֮Уһ֧ǽȼţҹļ̫ҽ˯óأȴڴʱһԭڴ̫ҽͻȻ۾ͳŵҩ裬ŵ߽޼䡣
޵ڴϣ˫ĿɫҰܣϢأ̫ҽִϸϸһŴӻһҩ裬¯һգְ¯Ųͷȡһ֧ܣ޵ĵιҩ
ҩ֭һӴһС룬ȥˡ̫ҽιһܣһιȫιˣȡһ룬Ѩλһϡ
ôˣһѹ˵ڱȴϢ˽
ҩѬһҹģӦûкתѵģǲܽʳûʳ̲¾ûѡ̫ҽöϲεš
ã뷨ŪЩϲΣֻǲô˫üֻ֧һʱҩЧֽſЩ
ҹһţתۼһѾȾϴֽлٴӶݵξʶһ߲ţ˯лŵ߽ˣͷ񾲵˯գĵ׵İԽԽŨ
˯ȣӦûЩ˰ɣȴ˼һ鶼ˣعʱߵİУһȥݡ
лὫıһ㣬ϸҴñǣ߳ȥš
ɫңлٵʰˣù£ʱˣȥ
ԶӭߴЦ˵л
лͣסӣЦ˵лĳֻССһУξлĳҵ
ԽŽôģлᣬһǰ˵
л⡣лüһЦͷͨһ
ãȥ Ӧţææȥˡ
꣬длٽȥػл߽ʱԪ˹سŲ裬̧ۿһ£˵лУξˬҹһȣ̩ͨˣֻӦ£ʲôʱܰ쵽
л΢΢һЦ֮ڣһһ
ãЩȥɣԪ̫ڶ
һҪлٹ񣬵ȥϱ£Ӧʡ
ԪĲյڿڱߣϰЦ⵹ˣ㾹ȥźˣ
ѾǳˣҲܲлٵǣҶǵű£ܰĸųȥҲá
㵹ǲȴףԪһڲˮЩɣҹ
ɪглٽסͷ
ģƺûзֽ赵ľϲѵûг£ԪһЦûʲôҪ˵𣿡
лٸҪشĿɨе̽ʱ˿ڣߵл䣡
⻰˵ǶǣԪȻɣ֮£һҲϸʣʱ˵ɣȥ
糯֮ʱлͥڴһͬڴС
̸⣬пţ˵ϣʺȥ̱£
лҪ˵ʺ󣺴ˣմ㣬Ϲۡ

 93 

ĴŴһС, ȥ, 첽
һ·ϿģȻİ, һֱ̤ͥʱ, ſƽʱһкˡ
Ȼֻʣһ, Ǻǰף߿, ¶Ц⣺ܹܽɺã
һжãɻ𣿡Ӧţǰ, »˯, ̫ҽǶڣ˾ڱϴ, Ų־ʲô, ĶùܣʲôҾˡ
߸̤޼䣬, Ũصҩζ޼Ĺ߱ȵл谵һЩֻܿĸ̫ҽΧڴǰ, ƺַʵ, ߿߼ǰӼ϶һǴ޵յ˫ۺͻҰɫ, ؿͻȻסˣ߻۾Щʪ
ã̫ҽ½ȥⷽӣߴֽӣϸϸظ޵ɾȻڴǰСϣ粽š
ֹһƺҩˣҽŮͳȥҩȻˣȴʮְ߲ʱ鿴޵֮⣬˶ڸǰա
ҩú˽ӹιȴһ֣ɣЪŰɡ
ֻĬĬڱϣͼһССףһ̫ҽһһҷ޵ʼιҩ޵ڻвſڣҩ֭ȫӴ޵ȾǰΧŵֽϣ߿һʱļ٣æǰҪӹһۣͣӦˡ
߻֣һ֣Ƴһۣž쵽ƺǱ⣬ڱϣͼι˼ףЩҩ֭Ҳȫ
԰ͽȥЩͷ̧ĸЩιȥһġһʵ۳ҩ
ҩòóԣ
ʱ߱ûǰֻۿΣ̫ҽÿһʱΧƺڣȻϸܷ֣֮䲢飬ֻǸддӵʱҲǸдģ֮ѷӽС̫óȥҩʱͽҲ֪ǰʲôӼģҲûʡ
߻ϴжΣǸһֱڹ۲ϷҩķӦ֮ȥҩЩ̫ҽͲЩǵΪΪӦ¡
ҩȲá
һڷûûʵۺҩˡҲѾˣǲǺܿϣˣ
С
˼ǰһ̫ӵ£սϳǰϳѾϴԩԸǰһΪս
Ӵ޵󣬻Ѿֹͣ²ݺ˼սµ֧ƾԴеĴֻٳŸ죬ʱԲԻֻҪòţ˱ذɣʱֻҪ׼ʱ䣬ҪĹͷøϵˣôͻڼȵĴӢۡ
˴ԭڱݣֻҪȥⳡ̾Ӯ
֮ǰѾ˹ԪʱܹԳȻã½Ϊ׳У
ȴڴʱлͥ߳У˵̫ӵ£˧ǱҴɣԴݣʿʱϳ֮ʱ˵˼ǰɱУɵڳָӣҾһ
ԭǸģһָӱЩԾԾԣ˵̫˵ҲеҪôٻ¿ٶ
˼ԭΪлͥѾ꣬뵽ǵˣԼȴһģ˼ֵֻǸС䣬żȻʤһ볡϶ǳ˲ȡ˸Ұˣ̫ӵ£ײнƻϳûϤǵĴ򷨣ֻȥôסǣ
лֻͥǷƵ˵ȻײУҳĽʿҲο̫ӵӢ䣬ΪֻҪ̫ӵָӣºԴЩҲضܴȫʤ
лͥ´Ƕһ佱Ҳףοƣʱϲѡ⼸촦ʱʮɣԾʵϵҲʲôʱԽİٱ뵽ǰûлָս£ָսʤ꣬ǲĹҵ
ʱö⣬Ц̫֮ȻԴòֺαػأѾɹָӣҵһģؽ꣡
˼ͼˣҪ˵лͥѾȹ°ݣɵָӣʵ˹֮ң֮ң
һڣʱ˸ŸͣжǴ˷ġ֮ң֮ҡԽ⣬˵ɢϸս͹Ҫϸ
ɢ֮󣬹˼һӻϻ飬ԸӣһǮһҲҪȥ
Ӻ󣬹ԪϢϵ鷿ʱͼлͥͼһս֣Ԫֱ߽лͥ΢΢ף̫ȥЪϢɣл˵
ϳҲҪʺлͥ񣬵սǵ¼һҵϸսֻҪøϣսʤɣʱɵָӣֻҪסģ˽֮У±Ȼ̫ӵµĸҵضܹ̫ӵ£
Ԫ̱˽ȥ˵׽ʵ۵ģǴ㣬˼ͲǸ֮ˣҲŴԼΣȻ˵㣬̵ټⳡҵֻҪض⡣  
ĸ̫࣬Ҳڱ˵һаʤĸֻܿŰɣ
ףҲûжסԪ˲˾ϣãĸȥ˵ 
һʱ󣬹˼Ӷתȥ˻
ʱûжԪȻŭٹ˼빬Ůϰ죬ԪŭŮǾǳǸִҪݹŮ飡
ߵţ˵ⷿʧԣϸգ
ʲô˼ʹһ˲һţô£
֮ʱεϣĴɽţڴ޵ǰ޻պʪ˸촽Բ²ʺΰ
˵ʺҹڸ 
ˡǽӲˡߵͷ֪ˡ
Ҳãԭߣеʱûдκηض֪ˡѾʱӦڳﻮӦ֮ߣʱͻȻʧʺܻܿỳɵˡϣĻˡǵ޷ٰ£пΣ֮С
һʵ۲ôأҲƲ
Ӧžͻطȥɣҹֻ̫ҽţ˶þű¡
߿ζ˵ˡ
ҹ˾ʱڰΰл㱾΢ָĴƫͷҪ㿪ָֻŸգŰ⣬Ħ
ȻʱǰһߴӰ޷ȷϣһȴڴʱߵ˵ҡ
лҪ˵²˭

 94 

ҡǰ, ͳ
, ϳϳʱһ޶ĸо, Ǵˡ
Ȼ, Ȼʱ򣬻˸
ߴӱ, Ž, 㲻ðա
ˡ͵͵˵˵Ҫߡ
ҲԲԼģ̧סɢһĳ, , ϾҲûԼ
Ҳ, ˵, һˡùϵѸϣ, ʹߡ
£סڣ̧ͷҡҡͷˡ, Ҳߡ
ˡһ¡
һжвһǻ, Ȼۿͷڣ˵ÿһ仰֮⣬ȫûе´档ĵ˲Ϣ֮ȥ, ˡѹʧ䣬ʺ󲻻Ź㣬лֻϼ죬ֻҪʺƿؾƣ̾ͻҪ 
Ȼл٣ѵ㲻֪ʺҸ𣿡ߴʱһֻЩ뿪ֻŲȻһЦò᲻֪ҹһɣ
ˡɫ࣬ץסĸ첲˵ߣ
ܴ󣬱ץŵĵطǯסһ㣬˿ãֻЦ˵ܻҲԸ߲У£ҲԸء
ԸԸģҲ˵㡣ˡۣὫȥ
˯ôãȵģůģȾϻУոȥĸŻָһ¶ȣˡסĿȴڴʱץϵĻƿЦЦ˵ˡ˵Ҫǰѻƿ˵Ļ˻᲻ѣ
ǵ¶ʧˣڰпɫֻһ˫ؿбſﵽ⣬ǲѱ
ΪʲôͲڻʵһ˳ضΪʲôΪʲôǽ˫ϵĺ֮ǧ֮⣿
ˡһ磬סϸ󣬶»ƿŻϣŽ˫ַšһֻץסӣ㾡ԡ
̫ǿǰͬݺ˿ЧȻ֪ڴʱԽߡǸǻʺİҪʵ۵ĵطﶼˣˡеĳﻮб¶ķա
ֻͻȻʵˣ
ˡͣ˲ӡ̫ϻֻۣһ죬ͿԭҲû
ˡ㲻Щ
̯ӣҪЦţŪȥʺôܲʱϵٻһ飬ô죿ѵôñ³Щҩ
аšˡֻܸߣġ
ĻʵѣһʳѾ׵뻢ĸ֣פҲвӦȻʱ߻ᵣŷգȻΣգ޷
˵ʱѾŸǰЦҲܣɿҡ
ˡ֪ԼԿɿšһ֣էУ§Ĳɿһǡ
ѹ̫İͻȻȼϤ⼸˲Ϣ֮ռȫˡһƬհף͵§ӣ޾Ŀȥ
Ĵ󵨺ܿɶȻֻǹζסƬ̴ϢĻᡣ˶ɬᱧһֻǲ㣬Ȼˡܿҵ˹ϣĵϣ˫궯ֱϸϸĴϢоŶ࣬һӭ׳Լ
ؼһжʧˣֻʣеһУҲֻһҹФ룬־ڱصõ
ԭֻյſԼиתȻɵǿҹ֮£оƬ̵Ŀհסû뵽ˡȻ顣ЩЩУ˽ӵ壬Ӵ֮䴫ݸ֮⣬ΣգȻնֻҪ뿪
ĳ˲䣬еԼĳԣֻԼָһ١ضѾһУ˵һȥᣬֻͺá
ȻһϢָⴥһǸƿȻѡ
ˡı仯ǰδһϲȴڴʱͻȻһȴסǸƿض˲ɢȥˡƬ̵죬ȴ΢΢/Ϣ˵ˡҲߣ߰ɣҪҶ㶯֡
ֻҪһ֣̾ƷȻʱĵĸоһУˡɿһԲȥ
֪Ҫʲô˿̵ЩƣȴҲεڲ˺Լͼ޴ӿ̽󣬴ǰʱһǸο˿ѲҪԽһһȥǲܳܣֻǲͣ֡
ִ˨ĵ׵ŭͻȻӿˡȻתͷһ׷ȥץסߣѹֵİڴ˿̾ˡ۽ϸԼһһٵʵΪʲô
֪Լ˵ʵӣ˵ԽߴЦΪʲô߰ɣû¸ˡ
û£ңǺ֣ˡѹŭȴѹס
Ļƿصڴϣſסĺ󾱣һŽ޵ӭҹ֮У۲ˮɫ촽ɢջԼɫĺʱΪƽȣȻȴ赭д˵Ļѽûˣˡ߰ɣˣһҪ˯ء
ˡӵж޾жѵǿ壬ǣһУ
߾ñЩʹֻǿһЦˡֻǿ𣿡
ˡ˵ֻҪãǿֺη
ˡߵ͵͵ؽ֣ҿǱµŮˣȻûзţǲҲýһĸߣҾͲţҽܲ
ĸˡһЦʲôҵĸ
ƾǱµŮˡȻһЦ
ǡˡԷһ㣬ԣ˵նޣʲôʱŮˣ
ڰУ޵ͻȻӹһ˿ţе˲ˣ촽΢ţȴ֪˵ʲôֻãȻذһ
ûǻʵ۵Ůˣʵ˴ȻҲҪԼŮˡӦ֪Ȼδ¶ֺֻ޵ԨпŮˣ
Ȼ˰ֻҪԹָͲɿƵس˹
߿Ŵˡͷδ˻ҹʲôʱ֪ģֲýҹ֮ǰĽ䣬޼ɵô죿
΢Ц˵ĺڱôãյΣ㶼ǿġ
²㡣ߣأҲֻҵŮˣˡһֻοס°ͣ˵ܲˡ
ˡһͻȻ߿޵ǽϢ˵ˡôĵӣ


 95 

ҡҷ, ճ޵ŭ, էһϲؽ£
һַֻŴ޵, һֻ̨, ӳ£ͼ޵زݵϴŲĺ, Щ΢΢İȥ, һŵմ˿ԵƣˣʵȻ, ɿβá
Ӵˡ, ɴˡӵøôҲ֡
, ȥα, ʵ۶һж֪׵ȥ˻Լ̬, Ȼʵѡ
´ʱǳɰܵĹؼ»ʵܾǰ;, Ҳٹˡ
΢ϸҹ紵, õðĹӰ˼Σ޵ֻǰһѣؿǿվ, ͵͵سϣϽſ
֪ˡһҲ֪˵˵ĽΨ˵ˡΪҲһȻһţˡľǰѱĴˡŭôҲѹס 
ˡһۣط˫۵Ľ߳ûѣϲ޵ȥץµڣϲ˵£ˣ
ǻŭڱץסӵɲ˴룬޵Ŀߣаٸнô죿
ͷ޵ָֻ̧̾˸ɢҵڼϵĳЩվסȥްӡ
ãȥСЩߵüĿ֮Ⱦɫɿ޵ϿһۣתܽӰӣ˳ִ棬һϣһαϣСĵط޵£ϸĽϵ£Щ
޵ɫרעΧԼæǰæԽɬӦҲϲŴˡİɣô죿
޵˶̧ۿˡͼɫƽվԼǰֱͦͬɰأûɫҲû˽鱻ײƵĺң̹ȻţƺոշһжӦΪ߲ѡ
ʶӻܸ֮ɣǸ֮䣬վԶˡˡ׼˳Ǻȥ񣬴˶İŮ˵Թ 
̱֫ģո߿ŵһźľϲд޵͵͵˵ϣ£
ˡһԲع
ɴ޵ȴֲ֪˵ʲôźãغţòŵûʲôҪ޽𣿡
ˡ˵ⶼ˻ʺˣҽҲǻʺˣͻӲ߳ס̽ڼңлʱ󽫾ΪϷ̫گѱл̫ڶлɽɽԺýǷӪѰͶʺ⼸Ͻϳͼϳפ磬ڹ˼͵¿ѺǮ岻ѣѾأͻأػرϮսս
޵һʱЩȣɫƽˣʺҪˡ˽¿žƣ֮ҲǴˡˣǰֽԼڰеһ㽻
ֻǣˡ˵һʱ޵ȴʵЩҹΪʲôϵ
С
Ԫ˯бѣȵ˼㣺ʵˣô£
̫ϣļƻУʵǲӦġ
֮Ǿƹľƣûʵ۵ܳһ
ּܲлȫڽеĽסʳţûбκ˲ýԪæ´·ɽĪɽڽеĻ汾ȥ
ȥ̫ӣ˵ʵˣ׼
̰׵˴Ÿסľƣ
²ѱϣĪɽ컢ھʱԪϴϣʽӵķҲһ˿ңԸĪ汾ȥ̽£
Ĺϴƻͨߵķɿ죬Ԫʵˣô£
գ֮䣬ɫĴžǰԪ¼ߣĪɽԸסţûҵ÷κ˽
Ŵ򿪣Ԫģֻе·һӰԪ֪ǻʵԺ̳ŵĹǣʵȻ·磬Ծ֧һӡ
˼ʱѾߵ̧ͥһ޵ڱõ£һһڱϣӵס˿Уֻģȷ޵ǰһˣ˭
޵һͷһۣҡҷݵգͼ۾ţ΢ȥЩ  
ԪͻȻһΣʵģǺòˣֻҪܳŹӣһж֮С
ǰ˼ŷ֣ڵϵǸˣǴˡ
ԪһΪθղŵõϢʱûˡҲڣ
Ǳ߷˿ˣˡôܳģʵƫô¹ﴥŭ˻ʵۣʲô֪ģ޺ɣԪȴֻǴŵЦݣ˵ˣǧ֮ϲ
޵ȴӦֻŴˡŭ˵û֣ҲߵˣôҶ񣡡
ԪͣסӣȤؿˡֿߣǵЦ͸ˡ
ʵ۴Լۿʲôβ﷢ءӴʱͷİĶӹ³裬ý
Ů˵߶һ壬ֻҪŮ˻ڣʵˡͲͬͬ£лҲͲܹ˳ˡֻһŮˣƽǵˣǱȼƻʡ١
ԪɵЦ˵ôˣôҲôţ
ˡûһֻۣɫƽعţβģƺּŭ˴޵ذסεķվһˡȥ޹ȥٿ㣡
һŲƫбڴˡĿϣˡ㲻ӲţǴ޵ȴԾߵһΣЩ˵
һŲûǰͼˡĬĬֱӣĿŵ棬ɫƽƺʲôûзһ
̸޹ȥ޵һ߳ȥѺľϢУ˵ϣ
ӷĿҲͰˣȴǲܷߵģνŻ׷ѡԪ첽ߵǰŴ޵˵Ȼ֪ﴥŭ˱£Ӹոջعã¾ҲЩƮķϣһذɡ
޵̧ۿ˵ʺ󲻱ظ飬ߵβˡ
Ԫ飬һذɡ
ôʺҪּ𣿡޵俴޿ͣӴˡ̳κ˲󣡡
лҪ˵Сޣʷûˡ
СޣϷ٣ñӶ࣬ҪĽš
СޣǺ衣

 96 

ǰ, ھĴΧס, ɽĪɽʵۣٿʺ, ֿһĴˡ, һʱòõΣֻһԲصͷ, ȴʺ󷢻
޵Ŀ⻺ɨĪɽ, ɨһں׵Ļھ˵ÿ
ԪĪɽãֻԪ, , ɹԪʱеﻢ, ǹȻûھʵ۳, Ҫʵ۶ԿҲֻ߱λˣĻ, ξͳ˽Σƽ׶ൣաǲʵۣʵʱҪϴˡ, һˡȥǷŻɽ, ¶㡣
ô죿ԪһˬʱҲò⣬תһ, ޵һƢºֻͣҪ˺ϲôٽȰ˵ͷĥһĥ
ǹԪ΢Ц˵ϢŭֻһʱͿ´ҲҲˣͿڽТ˳ķϣһأڹаɣ
ĪɽĪغùţҪӳȥ
ǣĪɽæ
Īɽ޵ؽ֣ÿ
Īɽֿ˹Ԫһۣ˵УֻǴŵ첿¶ǰãһϢĳͻȻ޵γĪɽһȴֲȥᣬҪԪǰһŲһۣ޵ֳֳĺܣѪӿĪɽ˻Ƶصͺһͨһ˵ڵϣѪܿȾ˹ʯ档
Ԫһ޵ȻºͣʱҲ˫ֿˣ»֮ʱһĺɽйԣ۵ӰҲۡ
еˣ޵ֻƢºͣûзצ
ÿ޵׵˵
ۼʵնɱھٲҶԿæɢóǰһ޵۴ˡȥû޵ּ⣬빬
ˡʶػͷһۣͥԺӰȻһȴ֪ټʱΡ
ٻͷʱ޵ɫ࣬߳ȥ̣
ˡ۹£ݱ𸸻ʣ
һ۽վ𣬶Ȼתȥ
һӲǹԪ֮ǰʵģȻû򿪿ʲôֱӦǻʵ۵Ҫǰ;գճȥ֪ʱܻʵ۵ʮֲãҪﻮһУչ  
ԪŴˡıӰܻʵҪߣͼıվܷ뿪
Ĳ˸ɫ⣬ŴȺ˳ȥС·һ·ɿȥԶԶл¼ذվǰһ󼤶ȵǰͽел
лͷһЦˡ
ͣסӣ޷ſǰȥ˵лҪӳţǧ뿪
ãһСлٵֻǲҶʲΪҪӵ³
˵ǶǸ񣬡뵽Ѿʺߣģ˵˼䣬ô񷨣ûϸ˵ֻҸŻʺϹȥʱǸ¹ڲģӿɫҲԣҲ֪ҹôȥģ̫Źˣ˵ǸϣӽԺûֹΪֳ¡
ͻȻһ㣬찡һѽˣлҪ
лЦ£Ƥ˵ɫЩæǰһȰοл˻µĺŮӶǣлƷ
û˵лٺؽ󣬼˵ȥ϶ţӵˣ
˼㣬۾Ƴˡ첽æýס
лæֽ˲أЩֻҪӲģС˵㡣
ԽϲҪ˵ˡѾǰлٻֽһƣлٵʱѾţκ˲ý
Ҫ̽ͷȥлٻһƣСģ
һ˿վʱֻòһˡн⺮нĲӣл˵ҳţ
ľսȻԪµֻǿл˵Ҳлܿţ
лվڽյǰһǣˡҲ˵ֻڲ񲱾һѪ˳Žŵüȥˡ˵ҪĻǿš
ǿʹϧлܿţ
лҡҡͷôù£ģΣлĳţ
־ϲȴμŹԪķԸ˵л㲻ùңܿţ
лٿ֣ţ
ܿʿǰ˳ţˡŲߵǰŶʱ˳ֽлǰһƣ˲ʧҹɫС
񾪻δվסź˿ڣ׷ȥֻﻹüˡӰӣڻ̼лѾߵǰһӵݸ˿ڰ
ӹһּ£Ҷ˵˲ùңƫ¿ô죬ôｻ
лĳŹɥл΢΢һЦ˿ģʲôšȥҽ˿ڣȥʺػ
ͷһȣѿ˵㶼Ϊ˾ңһͬȥ
С
޵ϣĿɨѶĻӺǣû޵κ˲չţƻӡ쿪ʼǰ趨ʡ
ֻҪ˿ʼ߶κη紵ݶϢͻʱ밵¿ɾͲôˡԪֻǵлûнסˡ
޵ֵԭ˾ͺܺãʺ»ЩˣʹŲ㣬̻ɡ
ڴʱѣҪ߱ͷ¶ûгﱸȫ˼Ϊų϶Ԫһ˼⣬ʱ̣۾ƣ˵ǣȥ㡣
޵ֵһССľɼŪԲѵľأ̫ҽôĲֱȫô⼸ո̫ҽһɸְΣ
ʵѾ̫ҽǶֽšԪҲЩ̫ҽ³ֻ´󲡳Ҫźá
޵˵ڴ󽫾أôŪɽ֧Ӧ
н֮£ȴǹԪӦòֵ飬Ԫʹ˸ɫ㷴Ӧǰ˵ʣ챻·̰īΪĿ޴ԱʱѺ̲Σȴ
޵㲻˵˼µ٣ԪĵǻʵִҪų㣬ٲãֻаɱˣ˭֪޵һȴô͵ȺǱ˽°ûĽٰɡ
㱻ѺĪɽһȺףԪҲǷǲΪǡ
Ԫûϵʵ۾ȻŹˣɵһȴ޵˵ҹˣҲˣ°ɡ
ͼ߶ҩ߽£óҩˡ
޵ʵŵģɣ

 97 

С
лٹ, ΢һʱ, ӵˣʺ𷣣
Ԫ˵ǧ, Ȼôˡѣл, 㾿һʱݷţ
ֻһʱ, ݷšлɫ, Ը˳׷ӵ£
ȷһٽ׷֮һл, ḷ́ԪЦ, 浱Ŀͼ𣿡
лɫ, , ôҸǰˣУʵǳһʱ˲, ƾﴦãһƬģտɼ
Ա, ˼, ŵ½ô˿ţ϶סȻлپȫԼ, һֶûᵽά
һߺ£һߺ˼룬лʱĿԽ
ԪţֻǴʱʵѾлоְȴǰ⴦ãĲ㲻ˣҵӣԭίٸˣ 
лҲ⣬ֻʵжģ  
ҲͲסͨһˣǰЮū澣лΪ˾ū澲ŲòŷУǧū澵ĴлһƬģɣ
ûõĶԪʱŭֵʲôҲһҵĴ£ȻЮ֣ʱΪʲôѰ˶ϣ
˵ū澲һĴ£ū澵ʱѾƴһлΪū֤죡
лҲﵱʱһ˵Ҫͽ¶ֻܸ֤ǳӵ˵ߵˣԲòӵ£ǧǳĴ˲ɣ
˭ʵԪϳȥ̣
̱С̫ǰߣ޵лæס´ڳԸܷ
ķķԪ˵л٣ڹݲó룬Ⱥã°ɣ
лֻ£̣ˣԽ޵ˡ
ԭڱվڣʱɫظȥ̵̫ʹ˸ɫŻصУһˮ˭˫ַϣȰοϢŭѾͷһڽҲ³⣬⻵£ģӡ
֪ߵýŮԪһˮ棬ǱʱҲͰˣǽҪͷһҲܳˣźɣ㿴òٳӣͲҪ
ƤӦǡ
ΧͰһ㣬ôѵģеģƤӵ£ôȥĸԪü˵϶ʲôط©ȥˣţôһûܾЩԣ˶ʲôԣң
ǡӦ˵ūȥš
ƴͷ߽ˡ
Ԫͷ
תͷ򷼻ȥɣøҪٳκβ
߳ȥʱһƫĽľĴƤϵĳʱ䣬˵Ҳ˼ʮ£̵̫İʾº֣ϸƤĹ϶Ҳܲ˵ġһȻ̧ͷñĹ˼ʹҴ˽æ£ƫȥˡ
С
߶ҩǧذתҲ֪˵ʲô
޵ʲô׵ģֽҩһҩŵǰΪʲôһֱޣ
ûҪ¡һãȻҸûʲôֻǣֻǡ
̧ͷϱ˿Ц£Ҳ֪
ǰܾòǽףǸͼȻڰУˡӵʱǣţһͬͻʱŻȻԭֹǽס
޵ڵ¿ͼ΢΢üδйãһ·ĺӣ֪úȥδӡô޵ϧԼҲôأ˵İԼԼҲͿŵİɡ
Щ޵͵͵ؿͼϵãܿ˵ǣı޵ȡֹȵҩţ˵һҲǸģദԼǺܲװɡ
סˣඥһ㣬ǰЩ벻ͨĵط˲䶼˴𰸡峿ˡ糾͸ʱǿҪʱĺȻȥʱȴͻȻһ飬ʱĺᣬʱܲǱ˴˶â̫¶˭ҲãȲãҲֻʣ»ˡ  
ŻʵۣжǷᣬЩޡϸС󣬼е¶Լ⣬ģҲʱ࣬ദǼ꣬ûʵϸ¡
ʵ۸̫ͬͬǳƮת˴֮ǻο壬ʵȴǸߴɽԷΣԽԼĵ׵Ĳ¶
Ȼʵ۲㸴ӣôʱûʵΪЩС
סᣬ̶̵һЦӵĸ˭Ҫ¿Щ˯ɣʱˡ
Ů£Ѳ⡣޵֪̾Ҳ˵ˣһɲǼãеı¶ˡվ˯ˣҲЩ˯ɡ
ͼЦŵͷɵشһӴڼϣмɢͷ㰤һΣ޵ͷҴڶ˵ʱһǽú롣
ĵһۣȴЦţҼˡ
ˣ޵ıӰ͵͵̾һ
컯Ūˣһ䣬ʲô˵ģ
ǹ֮£ˡȡʵĽңʱͭŹ⻬⣬гģʱʵ۳Ŀ⡣
ǲӵҪʵ۾Ȼĵؽ
ӣҹɫиϵ·̽飬⼸նǰȥӪկ󽫾ҶïĿǰδ춯
ʮˣפڳǶʮӪʮ򻢽ݾǹǵפҲǾϡ󽫾Ҷï죬Ǿֵܡڹһ򲻿ɣʺĹϵҲԶôҶï죬ӦԹ˼͵£  
ӣ׿һͷݴ󽫾˹˼һŮѾͶ
ˡսеĻ䡢˼У;֪ǾãǲܣֻѪߡ  
롢׿ˡȥӪ

 98 

ĸʱ, ӪľͻȻ, ӴоѣҪ, ˯§ס, ˵ҹ, Ҫһѽ
Ц˰, ˱ѣڵȤȴõԽԽ, ױŽе, ӵ¼ݵ
һ£ˡʲô
һ, ӴżĸױҴ, ȿλŴˡˮ˵, ҽӹܻݾٽг
ӳһ, ѿ˵ʥּڣ
Ϊ֤ˡ־, ŵģǻʵ۵Ļ
ƽվãж겻й֮, ҲͷһؿȻ֪м٣˼͵ĽԾ˵¿ڿƾĩҪʥּܷگ
ǰչ˼ƱŮյȫգˡ𻢷˵ôͶ˹˼ͣҪ볯͢𣿡
һܵ˵ûе£Ҫҥԣ
Ȼδ˼͹ᣬͽˡ
һͼվˣģǴˡʿûˣ⻢ӪУʮӶʱ׳Ȼ˵ƾ޾ݣĩܴҪҽгǵóʥּ
˼Ʊ֮ʱԼһб䣬Ӫ̳Χǣˡӣ˼;ϲ⣬ͼԱ²ڻڸģ㲻
ȻЩ¶֪ˣ죬ǲݡĸʹ˸ɫЦ´ҥԣĩй£ԭףӪϢһĩһͬʸ
һԸµӪϢ
̱ױǰˡУȻ˵ӣ׼翹ˣ
е£ӺٺһЦ¹رȨ£ĩòãίһˡ
ױεǰˡ֣
ӻûӦֱߵױ䣬һͱǸ֮Уֻü㡱ű㵹ȥһֻױһһױҲڵأۼǻˡ
³ͻȻѾˣˡ˵ɽڣ
ɽԭǷӵĸҲ˹˼͵Ķޱ֮ǾǷŭγе뽫ǳس˵ɱɱֵǣһס
Һ󽫾һְ˼ͣˡɫ䣬ɱۣ
ɽ߷˵ĳǼ֮ˣ
ڣˡ˵ɱɽ
ɽһʱεһɽϥµĩޣԸ׷ӵ£
ã׿£Э̽һӣ˼͵൳Һˡߡ
޶һͼеһ˸ˣһȻǺ׿ּӿ߰˸ˣĿ¶⣬ȻǸ֣ްԳԾҿղ  ʱѾ˵֮
ˡߵʱɱӵױҲ׷æӣǵԶ
ԶͨŵģԸݾǱֻΪǰȴûлˡʱæǰ񣬵С˵Զӵ¡
ˡһۣ˵ϡ
Զæ£СҲʲôʱܳ
ѱϣ˾ͽ㡣ˡʱڹУǡ
һޣȥԶæϣһǶӪɱȥ
ɫ΢֮ʱҶïӵӵϢæӭȥʱڴӪǰϽҪڵĴˡҶïæ񣬵ĩμӵ£
ˡҲ˵ֻлҶǷºǷ˼ͺ
ҶïžԵʣʥغҲ˷ˣȴǼģʱҪﱻˡУʱһæǷȻ
ѾȻҴҶˡҶȥҲȥ
Ҷïһ˼̵ϥ£ĩԸһ
áˡ𻢷£ЭҶ飬Һ
һӪŶûнӳгһˡ˵ӣǷӪУξϽѱȫסǷ˾ͳ츺翹ѱɱ
ԶţȻ𾴣·ʱԼȷ˵ԭ򣬽Ҷïʱ־ǻԭֱʱǷӪҲڲ֪й˴ˡʶһô˳Ϊˡѳﻮ׵֮£ҡ̰ٳλ£ܲһӡ
ˡ̧ۿ˿ԶɫĳǽݾʱԳǷӪΪţΧǣ
îʱ޵ѾϴϣոմţӰһͼ߶żõҩ߽£óҩˡ
޵ӹһ㼸ʱģ
Ҳûж磬ոպøϵüҩЦҹ˯ú𣿡
޵һҹʵƪûжʱ˯ŵģʱȴֻ΢΢Ц˵˯úܺá
ϸ˿ɫ֮£޵ϵƣ̬һ࣬Ψһ˫ƽºͣ˰ġЩѹᳶ䣬˵һҪú˯ܺõÿ졣
֪ˡ޵һŰɡ
ûзԸߵԼͬʳĿţͼ޵ֻ˼ڸּ࣬һɽҩˣæɽҩ̶˹˫ַڴ޵ǰٳԵòã
۰Ͱ͵ؿ޵ǳԲ£Ҳּһţò֮Ƣθÿ˻Щ
óٶЩӦ˵ȱɢԷߣ߶ܶԷ˷ܾá
޵΢΢һЦá
յĳ֮ϣֻ֣ƽɢӦôȥԷɢɢ˵빬ЩʱûˣԼҲƻ
ʱðգ޵óʱúð£ʱ
֪յգæӦˣ޵˼ߣ̧ȥˣһֱ͵⣬ԽԽԶıӰ޶˱ҹˡͻʵȻû˵ʲôȻʱܾõʱЩŹ֣һţʵ۷ƽ֮ͻȻǸʺ󿴵ġ
Ҳ죬д·
߹ȥ¾ֽʰҪҪһȥתת
ã룬Ҹһȥɡ
ϡ
޵ĿɨµԱ˼ͣ£                        
лҪ˵Сޣ̤߲ƣǧɱˣ

 99 

һȳ, һƬȻ
ʵ۷˵֣˵˼, ʺĸף̫ӵ棿
ھеĳȻ֪ô, ̴ȫ, ׼Ӧɱ֪ĳǻཻɫ, ѯԭί, һЩĿߣ뵽Կžվһߡ
˼߳, ۽Ǹɴع, ˵˼Ͳμ£
˼֪ͣ޵˵
ϳ֪, ˼̧ͷ֮, ɫϳΪΪҸ嵨ϳ
ҹԪı, Ѿȫ֮ߣ빬֮һҹδߣĸȴ, ֻҪһ, ʱ·ܽʳΧͰһ㣬»ʵܷ죡
˼ƫűվŵһС̫˸ɫС̫, æ˳ȥһܳȥȥˡ
˼ͿŴ޵˵£ϳʮӾһֱΪΪܲϳµĻкζϳԩ
ʵ֪֣ôվֻһǻʵӲҪ˺ôȴһʲô  Ϳ˭ļһӲ
޵ɫƽҲǲ߲͵ģ˼ͣشﲻһָʹԭϵڶʹط̰īְʮʹϰʧл˵
лӦ˼Ŀ̿л̫ڶͣлɵЩҪ̫
ΪȷһʧҹԪѾлͥȥĸʿذţлҺ
лдɫȴ˵̫ȥ֮ʱ½̵лΪΪǰɹϧ˼ͣĳлԵԵ̫ѵ
˼Цһ˵л˵ͨ꣬˼֮ӹɽ޽ҵʷ곯͢²Ǯطʮʮܹ³ֵֽ֮öʮ˼ͷֵʮ££˼ʹ̲ͨţ֮ɱ³ɣвط淭־ͷ֣֮طĲ跹ԶҩʹطУӵ¡
л˵꣬£봫֤֤
޵ͷӦʣֵɽ˵
ɽӦվ̵֤֤
ƫСŴ򿪣Ů߳˼Ͳɵôһһ˱˫ַƳǹ˭ղûʱ֪ʲôʱסģ
ɽָһӣͷѾй˼֮³ɣط棬Ϊαڣֽ³ɵʬڱգ˶Ŀ
һָӣʬĽ
˼Ц֪޻ң
ɽһָȺһŮˣ³ϣ˵
Ůսսع£³֮ޣҵڴµİҵһ˲ᣬ˾³֮ТʹүĲ³ɵһţ˵ҪͻȻˣ񸾰ٸ
ɽȡһһţ£˲Ŷ
æȡˣ˫ַ޵޵һۣ˼ͣ㻹ʲôɵģ
˼ͰȻ˵α֤
£лȡһֽ񳿹Ѿ׿й̰ī֮£ڴˡ
ȡʣ˼һݣ񳿣ʱƴлʲô´߹
޵Ҵҿһ飬һǩֻĹʣʵ˼ͣ㻹ʲô˵
̴ңǴңǱ˵ģ
̱ƹ֮£ʲô֤ò˼Ϳһۣ˵
޵Ҫ翹ˡã˵ĵڶ꣬أʮΪõǮƹپս£ʿ޹ԩ˵
˼һۼյĸӦվ˼һʱŭͷ޺˵Ȼ㣡
磬ֻʺͶ꣬˼͸ƽԼűߣ˼ͼսʱƽҡ̰īʮ򹦼ӷ⸧Զ˼ͳͷʺꡢͨꡢͨ궼編ƣ۷󽫾ӷԪ˧̰ī³齭̰ī֮󣬹˼ٴͨߣͼȱ»ۿ֮󣬹˼ֹủ齪˽Կ±߾ݲͼʹµĴΪǮܣҪЮһżĿһһ¼ڴˣ
óһĲӣ˫ַϣٴȡߣ˼һЦһ£ڱҧһڣһιҰ
ڣֻĬĬ˻ض֮У˼Ц޵˵֮λ޴ǣ
ڴʱһƺԺаصıʿžеʣ˸ţĸǶڹӷǽģʣб䣡
ˣ˼΢΢һЦʵ׼ô֤֤ʲôãһ˭йǽ
˶һЩǽʱͷλӽնûϳʱΪǻʵ۵˼ֻǱڹԵʡ˫۾ĵؿŹ˼ܹͣƽͻڹжôֽŵģ˭ѵǼƲɴҪ
޵ˮ˸ɫʾȥߣ⣬æȥ˭֪һŲŷ֣ԭĵǰ˾֪ʲôʱȫ˻õס˲ô衽ţҪڴʱֱȵ컹ѡ
һ뵽ʱĸչ˺ߣǴʱΧĸӦѾȥжܣҲֻҪٳˡ
˻صУ޵£ѾΧá
޵üͷ뵽ˡûϢֱʵ˼ָͣʹңҪı𣿡
ϳң˼ʹʱЩʤȯյ˼˵ֻǳĻϲҳ̫࣬ɱ˱µĶĿʹ¶ϳ˲֮ģϳò󵨽ɣϴϳԩ
ԩ޿ʲôԩ޵˵ǣʹӢ¾սȫûʺԪ그ߣӢԼڳʱɶ·л̰˯ʱڳʱԼòʮΪ˸ȡʱ䣬֧ţѳ֮ȴߵڰףݳ̰ð¼һСűߵء֤֤
ƫСٴδ򿪣߳˪ˣ޵ǵӢʴսľʿǶ֤г֮ӳ͵ױ֤ʣ˼ͣ㻹ʲô˵
ݡ˼Ϳ۵ĻЦ´󲡳񣬳ͱ»عЪϢ
һ֣У޵ŲȴдʱӦڻʺУأ
¾ȥĴ·ϣͣסŲԣ
лҪ˵Сޣٵȵȣȫٸ

 100 

֮Ͼĵ, , ҲйŮ̫·ʱʱʿж߹, ʱ߲û, ȹȥʿʱʶͣס˽Ų
̫һˡ
ҲڹѲ, Ȼ󹬱ϾŮӶ, Ϊ˲Ůǿź£ʿǶǴ彣Ѳ·߶ϱҪĹ, Ĵߵ, Ƿȴ, ǵ彣, ǹģĵǣ¾ʮƫƧ, Զôڶ̶̵ʱôʿ
ͣסߣҲͣס, Ц˵ôˣ
ôôӣ˼ʵ, 赶Ūǹģƽе㲻һ
˭֪ءҿҡҡͷ, ǵ£߰ɡ
߸˼ԽԽ̫ˣϸʿһ·ϾȻһ˶ûˡ뿪ʵϳʱԴŵǵĿ⡪ʵҹһǹʺ󿴵ģôĿľֻҽڷŴˡˡܴڻʵ۵ԿԪ
ʱеҲйأˡһߣʺȻҪ䱸
ʱڹߣʵ̫Σˡ
ٴͣסӣҪڣȴͻȻ뵽Щʿǻʺǲ󹬵ģΪʲôԴҡڵ߳ȴûֹأ
ʰ䲢ûжôĽ飬ȥʰҲͰˣΪʲôҪȥӣǴ򷢸С̫ȥ˵һܰ¡
ͻȻһһԽԽûɣüסӣ̽˵ǲʲôɾģҶеۣȻȥɣ
ڴʱӭĸۿ죬ע⵽ĸĶףǰ߹ȥӶһּ۾ǣĿʾ⣬˵¾ҲоۿͿ쵽ˣһ
ԽԽƽʱɣʵǰĺˣôĹٶֻһͣڸ
ҲΪлʵµˣʺס̫ס
ۿǶӻԽԽ߰ӴſץסӵҶ̫ˣһȥɣ
ץģֻõͷ˵̣Ϳ쵽ˡ
˵ʱʱ죬һֻ첲ȦסĲһѹקƫͷһַֻɿس췢ӣʺϣҪĻ˿
䲻⣬ֻòӶ챻ѹöˣ˵ô˵ģɲǿЦʱ򣡡
ĸɿسǰʹҪѣʺϴȥʵ㣬ǱҪȻɱ㣡
ˣҲװģæǱ
һҪסߵģ˵ֻܰνǰ壬Ҳ飬нȥʱ̳Ѫŵˣ˵Ǳʺ˵ֻץģ
䣬һѾ嵽ǰץвˣ˭֪ͻȻһҽУȴһ
Ȼ˺̽ǰһƣԼֱķȥ׷ᣬۼΣбͻȻԾһˣһǰһʵû°ɣ
л١
һͼлһеڶʣ˵˼ıңǸֻгһ·Ǵʱ±ҷһ·ִԲڣݹ֣
⼸ԭ£ͷЩʲôҲһ˵˼ı棬Ųǰһֻܲǰ壬ȴڴʱͻȻ죬ȴǳǷӪ
лһһ̵ˣ߷ɿȥӦˡˣ
УҲ˼šüһʱЩͷԡǷӪµĺԮǹû˳£ǷӪͻΧʳǣɴʱΪǱ߻
޵Ȼ֪ˡļƻȻʱͻȻ˼һţԲİˣ˴ˡ˭ʱΧĻ˵£
㱻ѺĪɽ߽׵ĽٱǼУξʱӵУξæ˼ͣ˼ͳ˵ͱ»عЪϢ
ȴڴʱõ⴫һɱ
ˡ
޵׷Ըȥ
֮䣬ɱ𣬵صĻһ£һɧҡ
˼Ǿ֮ˣԭȱ˶裬̰˻Уξӵ첽ȥ߳һ˷ӵӽһĿڡ
˼ʹһһȴǴˡͼһ̧֣˵ھס˼ͣۣ
Ӧǣ
ʿУеĴŽɫеĴɫдݾͳǷӪɫģ˼Ŀڣ˲͸ġ
ѵĳﻮʱôˡ⼸
˼еסˡۣ
УξڳȥʿɱһеĳŶأ˼ͱסһɱϳȥʱΨЮֻʵۣҲϣתܾ֡
ֻǸܳȥˡѾ׷ϣһĺģһŽ߳ȥڣ
ڴ󽫾Ӧӵ߽ץϵĹ˼ͣĩڴˣ˼Ѿܻ񣡡
ҶïŹԪ߽˵ʺ
޴Ŵ߽ɽޣ̫ӵ
ˡߵ֮£һ˫ϥ£Ҳ
޵׵ܺá
Ŀ⻺ɨˣӴˡּ컢幬еĹ˼浳
ˡּ
⣬ߣ߳ˡȻ΢ܵһͷһ߾еҪ¡
仪ŹݵİУлٽ̵һݵУŷҵȥȷ游Ƿ氲ȫˣ㡣
ߵͷӦ£лתߣ߳Ȼʵû°ɣ
ʵȻǴˡлͣƬ̣˵פղ죬ӦǴɱˣ¡
һлȻϸûأȥǰһʣ֪ԪҶïߣҲݾߣлͥѾ˳лһȥǽǺͻȻ˽ел
ͷһȴǲл΢죬ô
ǽ̽Ķ˵лɣΣգ
л΢΢һЦƽʲôΣգ
ǡֹһţ֮߰ɣٲûˣ
˵תܣл˲ǰʵ˵ʲô˼
ҧ촽ϰŵֻ˭߰ɣ
ӱȥˣлϸϸ˵ĻͻȻһݣã
лҪ˵ⲻ⣬ϲϲ

 101 

, ޵˵ȥ˼һְ, ݶλȽ֮ͬ, ̴
̱֪ĳ˼, ʥ
˼ȻˣϳʱѾϵһս, ڳ洩, ƲǺأʱѺţƴźʵۣû, ܰȵɱ, ӹ޵
޵ʣֻǿԪ, ˵ҹʺ˼빬, ֽУξ˼һ磬ʺּٽ̫ӵ, ٽţʺ˼ͬı, ޿ˡ
ԩ, Ԫҹٹ˼빬, Ϊ˸ѵ£շչţ˵бң꼰ӻ͸ɶѣı棬
ƾνƱ磬ʵһ֪޵ֿ㣬ɫ̫ӣ˼ͺͻʺҲͬ𣿡
һţֱԩʣʲô֪
δ䣬ͻȻһŻݾɫʿ̼˵£̽ˣ㷴ˣӵΣ
žɱȻΣӦǻɱ޵һޣ첿£ȥԮӣ
Ӧ˼ͽƫУɱҶïڱϿţ˳ֱӹҪѺ˼ȥƫ˭֪ŵһһ֮£˼ͳûѣ½󣬷Ӧȴݣ̰γƫĻͷһ˿վЦʵۣҵˣǰǷ£һıǰ͢ҵĿ֮£ǻ
޵ˮҶï죬ٽ˼£
ҶïҪǰ˼͸ϣסʵ۵ģͽ
˲Ϣ֮䣬һ䡣
ԴԴϵлŹ˼һɱȥҶï׻Ǳ˼ʹУ˿˵ϣֻǸеݣݣ
ԪݹأԭҲûб󣬴ʱһק㣬ƫһ㣬ˣǧȥǾ䣡
ֻ£ʵĸҪߵһ𣿡
ĸ󻹲Ϊ㣿ԪϣŽӹݹӵסſڣʲôҪ
ԽԽ࣬ǰ˾Ž޵Χм䣬ƫˣ˼ۿ쿴ˣ̴еסʵۣƫˣ
ֻһŲ죬ĻϢѾƫţ޵ΣҲӣнӹǰ˵޵Ҫĸҷϣ
ǰĵǻʵۣһʱסˣҲǰȥΨй˼Ѿ˺ʱֻһߵײУֻܾٵӲϳ壬޵ţס˼͵ģһͻƽǧӹٽ
˼͹Ц˵Ҷï죬㻹ڵʲôЩǰ׽ûʵۣ
޵һ뵽Ҷï조ġ˹˼ֳͣٳٲϳȥԮĴʢ
Ҷï̷ҪѪˣ
һ죬ƫűײһӽ£С˷лУξ֮ǰݣ
ƫиӿĽѸеĻһ𣬹˼Ц˵һл٣ҲϷԣӪҵĺѸУʵۣʶľͷ±УǺ̺
δ䣬ԶԶ죬лٷԾ̽ס޵˼ͣӪѾǷӪƣ˱ȫɱ±У־ܣ
˼ɫ΢䣬Ȼ뵽ˡٳûϢʱӦѾɱһлвٻʱ׳˵ӣеҪƻģۣл٣
ȴڴʱһݾʿ˵²ˣˣ
޵ɫһ䣬ս˽ȵл٣ȥԮӣ
лϵɫһţȴ£Ҫˡܴ
˼͹Цʵۣˡûָˣ
ͻȻһۣͷһȴҶïӱһͱ˵Ϊӵ±𣡡
˼ʹһ֮ʱҲܱϵ˿ڣֻܻӵҶï쿳ȥڴʱһӰɶ룬ֱֱײ˼ͣ˼˺ж㣬ֻǿ㿪һ漴ѹϵĵҵ֣ɵòҽһѪ
޵һǸҽˣǺȴ˭ͼѪ˫ĿԲɣȻѾֻǲ֪˭ʬӽ˹˼͡
ͻȻһʵѷƽھң򸸻ʸ
޵ϲǴˡ˭û£
ˡȻûмˣ˼ƴһƿϵʬ壬ҪվһߵҶïһ£һŲסϵĻͷ£˼Ѿܻ񣡡
˼Ͳҽһ˿Ѫӿȥ
ˡ첽߽Уɫ°ǵ㾡ѪһȴͬһƽŴ޵񣬵Ҳ 
޵ϲ֮£˵ããã
ʣұۼȥܿ춼˱ڵأнǰһ˰ѺߣˡҪǰϸ˵ȴԪ첽ƫ߹ֱߵ˼͸ǰͷ˿ϰĹ˼ͣشаγһѵ
޵һˡڽǰæеСģ
ˡһ˭֪ԪһŵȴǵϵĹ˼ͣһ׼ڲϣ˼߶ûһʱ
˲䰲˼㡣
ȹϽϸѪۣԪ˵ߵ֮£򵹣˵˼ıңﲻǰʧ죬ʹֻܾһ֮
޵ʱ𾪣ǰ֮ʱͬʮ֪꣬ʺӲȴû뵽ΪƲԼȻ׶նɱ޵һʱҲ֪˵ʲôֻǳĬؿŹԪӡ
ˡһȴǴ߿ƫţųڹԪ߹£޵ʲôҲ֪ʣʲôҲ֪
ˡǰ˵ʣ˼Ȼͬûв壬þ壬һ򾡡
޵û˵Ԫ̽ӿ˵£檳ףҶï浳

 102 

֮ʱ, ָֻƽ
ұµʬ嶼߷ٻ, 𻵵İ軨Ҳʰɾˣ˾ˮϴ, ϸ, ѾѪȻвĵѪζȴһֱɢȥ, Ȼеİٺ, Ȼ޵ԾɾͷһңҲֻ˼ˡ
ҪȰٳһ㣬ȴС̫, ӵˡ
޵, ʶ֮ȫǴˡһ֣лɽص˷ֿһ, ʱŵÿ, æ޵
ߵĿʶһæͷ޵ȥɡ
߳ʱ, ϴˡţʱ˵ĲӶ˼, ˡĿͣ, ߴʱֻ໰Ҫ˵Ȼֲ֪˵ЩʲôҲ˵ʱ, ֻǵͷ첽߿ˡ
ˡĿʧڱż޵˵ʣѾˡ
˵ɡ޵ϴ֣Ӳţߵţָ̧˶ͷ
֮£ˡȻޱԭֻǵİ׷ʱѾһƬҲ֮ջعʱʮ꣬ˡͻȻסˣβŵʣ̫ҽȻʦвһζȣйоأδҽԶ֮گиҽ빬ΪΡ
޵Щ⣬̧ͷȴ䵭޲ϴʱмɫ޵ип˵ɣگҽ
ˡǰС£ͷǵɬʼղɢȥȥЩԻʵ۵ȷԹ֮⣬Ȼʱǰ㲵ĻʵۣͻȻʶǻʵʲộϣǹһˡ
ʺı֤ҵûУ޵ʵ
ˡعûСʺĺܸɾûκżĸĸˣΨһ֤ģǻʺΥ˽ټ˼ͣȴ֤ʵ˼ı֪֮顣
û֤ݣûֻõպٲˡ޵˵ʺǻûж֣ȳﻮ·Բͷһɱ˼͡
ʵҲͬı𣿡
ջʺͻȻѣжĿͻȻô֤ڸǰµʱ򣬶ЩĻʺڰа֡ˡֱõ³µ˱ŷֽ˼һĿһҵȥģ׷鵽Ǹ̵ĶǲɵˣпƵģȴǾҡ
ʶҶïҹȻ˳ȴǲȫʱҶïӰ룬ʱ̷ֻû뵽㾹Ҳǹ˼ͰӣޱʲǲȥԮҶïڵС
ˡ򵹣ǶˣЩɴ븸𷣣
ɣ޵һѣʱ֮£ǵȫ
̾һҶïһֱֱӪˣˣʮþȣͻȻԹ˼֣ǣȥ֣
ϸҶïǰضѾӦ˼ͣԲڴмװʧַ˹˼ͣ˼;ݴжԾվԼһģԲŻἸ֡ҶïﻮŵģӦ֮ȹ˼ˡܾ֮ʱһܰ׼һĹͣ˳̫Ӻʹˡ֣ý㾲λһһ˼͡
ֻû뵽ȻþԪȴӲذҲˮ
ˡŴ޵ɫ˵ڹ˼ͼѳҶïд˼͵ţЩ治Ҷï췽Ѿй˼͹ᣬȻƾ뼽֪飬ͼҲֱ綼Ҷïһ˵Ĵ㣬»û֤ݡ
Ǿȫ֪飬ҶïҲѺԼǰ;£ֻ¾˳ˮۡ޵гﻮźİţһʱû˵ˡҲû˵ֻϸϸɫյԹȥϵѪռϷ硣
ã޵˼͸׼ϼ̫֮£֧ȥɡ
ļͷһ£Ҫ̫棬ΪʲܵҲ̫Ӵͣʵ۰½еⲻԶˡæվּ
⼸նлǼúð˶Ҫº󻼡޵ˣ°ɡ
ˡ߳ʱʶǱһڴӰһ߿ܡˡվˣڴţȻΪ˵ſһۣɻʵѾ֪һУֲֻᣬô죿
ڶ糯ʱʥּһ䲼ؾޱ䡣
ϻʺԪΪˣǨϼӿܣگ̤Ժһ̫ӴΪˣڹԺ䣬ȦСᾲΪˣǨԪͬסἽΪӣΪ°ӣǨзֱլڿܣó
ҵģնҳûǧ֮⡣㡢ӵȻﲻ⣬СҲۣεΣŵš
ϳ֮⣬Ҳзּ⡣׷ŵΪʺ󣬻ָӢλ׷´󽫾걻ŵӢ֧׾켴ϴǨؾǣԭмҲլڡֽԭ󽫾лν󽫾ԭ̲ţ֮նлΪ̲飬Ϊʷ顣
պ󣬵ǰߴ¾ϮĽݱʱʥּ֮䲼ԭǵѾսӢĶӳͣگָ䱾ϮӢλ
ֹգ޵糯ʱӴˡԼǰ̫档
׷Ϊʺ֮ʱǱ֪ʵӣȴһǳ䶨Ȼʵ۲ûگ̫ӣ˶֪δǴˡ
֮󣬺󹬶ʱһ룬Щ½ѡ޸ӵŮԭΪǰԶ˭֪Ȼ˱ʣ˴衰Ȼ£˶ϵ£ǰ붫Ůոϴ棬ϱʵ۴ĩ¶گ׼ңƾˣּһ£Ұ̻ʵۿʵģҲи̻ʵĳ̫ģΣһ㡣
Ѿˡߣ߱˿еʱ޵Źγҡԭ빬µĶ·һɴ޵ϣ֮̿£γؿƿӦҲй¶׼£γһǰĻ䣬ȥȳңٲ
չʮ³һĸʱˡʰˣ޵УˡߺŴ޵ùţַ԰һˮ߿ʱ޵ЦŮòã
лҪ˵õĲִ½ˣͿʼ̸˵Ϊ~

 103 

Ů, òã޵, ΢Ц˵
һ£ӿ޴Ļϲ, ü, ˴޵䣬ȻһЦ
ʹʵҪΰ, Ҳβ²ʵ۵, ֻû뵽ʵ۸Ĵ𰸣Զеĸá
޵ϲ, Ҳ泩˼, Цʵòã
ô᲻ã˭Ůˣ˵˼, ɫȥջ, ȥıȡԼҪĶʵ۵Ůֱ  ȥ˭, ȥıһʱʱҪƣΪǣʵ۾Ŀɽ, 
ã߾ϲ֮, ץס޵䣬ɵõ͵͵ؽ
޵һ, էȻЩʧ䡣еĲһЦҡҡͷ˵ҪôУǰҰɡ
֣ҪԼŮȻ汻ȴﶼζٸ༸Ĺͺˣڴʱͺˡ
޵߻ϲݣḧ˸ͷ˵ұ°ɡ
ЩɻΪʲôӦȻ̫ϲˣܿССʣشǣ£
޵ЦЦˡʱӦѾ̫ͷˣϢԼôϲɡĻϲҪˣһʱûĺ
޵룬׻̲סߵֻһɣͳá
ãǲܳ׵ġǰʲô˺ֻˡ
һЦżֵ˵֪أ
ˡ˵ȷʵ˲һǣиõѡʲôҪһϵ
ҸˡദҲȫǺĻ䡣ˡ˵һ¶ҪԼȻܸоôˡã²ĺãе˴
⣬Դˡǵɣѿƿأиõѡ
ңۿʵôˡλٵǴ󱦣ٲŮˣЩۿЩŮ˹ʲôӣϲ
£ߴŵЦ⣬ҡŴ޵˵ܺѽ
޵˲˼бЩп
ʵ֮ôţҲǴ˼ⷬʣĵˣȴȻʶЩŮǣƺûмĴǣҲˡ
ϸЩȵĸ飬ȫ££ҲˡȻɱȻʱҲȷ˴ͷֻһ
̫˽֪Ѿ޷أԸɴ뿪ˣԶ뿪
ĸ飬ƭͷҲ޷ȻճҲ˽̽ˡĹȴ֣һʼߵƺµ·׶ĵζһ˳ͺãٳһ顣
޵ͷ˵ˣҲá޼̾º񲿰ѡһõķźʳأһ͹·Ҳ̣ް֮Ҳ޿
ĵĻϲͻȻһ˿ɬ죬ŵ㽿˵˵ɥµɫǰЩѾöˣͤǱ߾ջãҷȥͻòã
ЩŰɡ޵ƫͷȥˮе㣬һ֦ϸϸ֦ˮţ𶼹੣ȥҶˡ
߷Ӧһ£뵽˵ǾɾǸԪһ
Ҷӡ޵
ѾԪһԭǴĳͽ侲Ȼû֤ݣȻȴ϶˾Ҷïﻮı棬ԪȻΪˣڹоӪ꣬ǿƣһȻҪЩͷ޵ԭųͽһȲʱþ˭֪Ŷ̶һ£ټʱȻ㲳Ƿģ졣
Ҷ˺Թޡ޵޹ȥʱϼޣְ֮һ١
ЩʲôأԲãҲǲˣ˵ȥֻ£ô꣬⣬ĥȴҪʱȥƫĵ˼㣬ӺӣϣڹӰӡ
ڴ֮ǰ޵û뵽ЩעǣоȻôԹޡ
ƲƲ죬أЩ˾Լ⣬;ȫǱ˵ĴǸҲ߸˵صСϢÿ춼ϲصҶԼ̰ģҪҪǸ󲻵͹ֱˣ²ҪֺͿˡ
޵Ц£ô򵥣棬ɵڣ޻Ҷˣˣôֻô࣬˱˴˲żţƣҲҲĳ·
ˮе㣬㿴ˮôڣϣҲﲢãסġ
߾ñǼеȴů˼㣬֪µġ
ã޵ͷԸȥ
ʱǰˡصʵ֮£»ظϣҪʱ޵ȴֽסɡ
ˡվסţʵʲôԸ
Ҫ𣿻ߣ޵ȴԥûʲôȥЪŰɡ
ˡɫЩŹ֣ɻԭŵ˿ʽߺʲô·ֻһȥͷһһæ㶪ˣֱڶ죬񲿽õļŵԺ󣬴ˡ֪ʵΪŮѾԸº񲿣ﱸ⹫ĸˡ
ˡһ־ŭ
Ź󣬴޵ڿӣֻһ󼱴ٵĽŲžˡ𣿡
֪ˡ޵ӣڡ
һ˦ˡһУʵʣ˵ҪΪŮ
޵˵Ϊޣ
Լˡ˵һȢΪޡʣŮϡ
ԼȻֲֻᡣ޵΢Щȣɣ㵱֪ң޲һ˵£ҪǸӳ顣
ҵĻ£ֻһ˵¡ˡ˵ʵ굹ǴӳˣΣˡҶˣһǴӳĽ
޵һ仰ĲϲµģۼɫȻյ˼㣬ТҲ˲ˣ޵˼ţֻǵһЦȢҲޣʹ˼Ժ󣬲ְš
ʹˡһ
ʹӦˣ޲ôŵġ޵ɫ
ˡıһߣ˵Ůˣ                        
лҪ˵СޣŮˣɹؼŭң

 104 

ڽʵ, Σ, ټϻʵ۵Ĳһһأɶѡ˱Ų, ֻĥ, ȳ䶨ֻǸһʼãȵһ֮, ͥеķ, ޲ԼҲһ򰮴Ű˵ݣֱҪ, Ҳ̲ס, ǳٵʱ͵͵سš
ԭ˵ֻڸһ, ɢɢӾͻȥ, ˭֪ûгţʱﶼʣĺ, ջʱһ·Ż֪ر˴԰, ͤˮ, «έʱӦöѾƣǱջ;ĺõط, Ǳͷͷͤȥˡ
ոߵԶ㿴«έһ㽿޵ӺɫȴиŮͻһ˭
ЩȻţɹϢһ򴫵ÿ죬ǸôģӰӰ´Ҳ˻ʵҪΪ£ǰҲȹɴףҲڱ˵Щ̲Ļһ߼ǺˣҲǲҪ鷳ææߵǰڨ˵Ҳ䣿
˵Ŀ߱Ҳͷһɺã
ݼƺԸģһϲҪ̸Ȼһ󼱼ĽŲ죬ͷʱȴǴˡ첽ݾƺЩյģɻ󣬸ž£
ݳһЩȻλֲߣȻܹǻǵĸƽżȻˣҲ໥񣬱˴˿ˡ㿪ڱǺǳģȴͷһء
ϱЩѿȻ˭֪ˡݲͬûЩ˸أҲûֻ̧˽ſ첽뿪̲߳סͷһûӰΨͤŴţҲ֪ˡ뿪ˣǶ˵
ݴһô£
ͤУˡ˵ȥ߱£˵㲻ҪŮ 
أЦ˵ҲŲȥ
ˡɫʱѿˣߣʵĸǲǣ
ƲƲ죬ȫѹϣֻ赭д˵̫ˣûйԡ
ȻǸԣǾȥ߱£ˡץߣھȥ
鼱ֻ֮һۣü˦ԹŪˣÿζûûصģҲ۲ۡ
ˡƺǽζ࣬һȣסŲĿһͼԼĴָסĵطѾԲϸһۣʧˡ
ˡϧȴ¶ֻǷ˵Ϻú˵Ҳ̸ȥұ£˵㲻Ů
ΪʲôµŮǹأ˹һٻŵҵĺ£ֲɵӣҪܾϴָţ̧ۿֲ£ʲô
ˡոɢЩĻֱϳ壬ͷֱʵϣΪʲôţѵ治֪
߼Ѿŭ˼㣬֪ƲߣЦҲ֪ҪˣǸĿ϶أȥ˽
ٴα߬ˣˡץһһ˵:ߣֱȫĸΣ
һۣ˼ûѣҲˡֻҪһҪ˳˼ԸԸ⡪ΪʲôҪģ
ôΪĺãˡպ޵˼㣬ǿܣӲ˳ģȻһжͷϣ
ˡۣȻ־Ȥֻ˵ҾƢҶµ£ԸԸ⣬Ҳֻˡ
ߣ˵㲻ͷһʶңҲͷһ֪ƢҲջҲգҲֻˣ
ֻǯǯסһ㣬̲ס͵͵˻һۼ˿ûõ˼ĵ׵İǿἤѵֱʱÿԶΪΪߴŭţŭ֣ſң
ˡͣסŲͷͼˮγķдŭ⣬ʾصټȻŭ֮£ɫԽ̲סһ캶
ּһȥָ߷ߵ˵ſң
ˡʶɿ֣ȴļϣ֮ǰֶ˼ۣµġʹģˡץѰǼۣͷȥ
ȵĴļǻŭ˲ɢȥ룬ⷭӿţһ˲ȫͷˡϸϸǹһһ̾Ϣصʵ𣿡
ܶжôܣȻڱ촽ɲǣֻһĸоżѸͷȫ˲ȥߵ͵͵һģ˵һ
ˡܿı仯һϲ촽˳һŲȥʹۿϸ۵ļѸٸǳǳĺɫŭҲʧˣķӦƭ˵Ķô飬ҲҲΪԣƭֻˣܲˡ
ѵˮǺܿÿȣ߲ţڳٵıԵŬһѵʶֵסĴ滹ˣſң
ǲҹˡסϸصؽ˹ԼУҲϲҶαؿķǣ
̻ջƫͷ˵ûУſң
Ҿͷſ㡣ҵģԽȡ˴ˡȥ£˵㲻Ҫҡ
ͷ˲侯Ϣ˵Ҳ㣬ҸҪźúõĹյĺ󹬣
ˡ˹ڻУӺţ˵Ҫҵޣ㻹ǵҼȻӦ㣬Ȼ˵ھ͸ȥ£˵㲻Ĺ
Щĸоɿɢˣ˫ֳǰ˾룬˵Ļ̫࣬Ѿǵˡ
ģ̫һΣġˡȥ˵㲻ǵãҲǵãȥ£
ԣξγԣͷֻϰ˼ȫںô롣ίŭ⣬ĵ׵İնȻһЦ̧ۿŴˡֻ˵˵ˣ˭㵱棿
˵˵̫֪μŭˡ˲޵˼㣬ѹǽϣѹģ˫סҲ˵˵ҵˣߣ뵱棡
ȵĴѰ˫̺죬޷˵İͺ⣬ƾܵȥе˲ƴݺݵþϢ˵ſң˭ΪΪ
˵òң
ˡץסƴ˫֣һٹͷǽϣ̧߱ȥߣѹ߷˵ˡ֣
ˡȴĹǡҴȻ±˿´ʵ۶ȥ£˶ 
ˡɿ֣ɣûһϢһᣬˡὫһ߿ͤš                        
лҪ˵Сޣס

 105 

紫۵һ, ڼɽһ, æ۾ʯһʱȵ͡
ͼͤǰ, ˡᱧ, 첽ȥҪ˵, ԪҹʱŮ˽, Ҳô󵨣Ƿ
죬Ǿ, ˷ܡʹ˵˽, ϺҲҪǵİѱûץʵ֤, ǿµ, ŸģֻǣϲҪΪҲ˵ͨ
˼, Ȼһǹ˴ˡĲӣΪ󵨵˼, ǾϼӾ, ӼҪɳˡ
ͤ⣬ˡľȲ٣ͷһ, ʶͣסӣͷߣ׷ҵز²⣬һʱ֪˵Щʲôźá
ˡߵִϣЦЦ۲ת˵ĽĿϲͺ񷽲ͤпĵǸ˲Ƶģյģʲô
ָģĥĺ󾱣һĸоˡһϲ֮޾ĺɣ̫˽ˣʱ䵭һʼЦӭʲô㡣
ӱ˼֣ͷ˵ƭңҲĵ
͵һЦָϲ£ưʵ㲻ң
ξܵķӦҲ˼ְգ̫̫ԼܹƿһУֻҪţѣܻǻõȦס
ϵı뻹ûȫȥƤȥʱһսĹоˡѹӿ˵ҲءҾ߻ظ±»᲻Ů
Ѳ⣬ҲŲҪȥ¡һֻҲƹĲӣ̧ӣЦ˵Ǻú˵ҲҾʹӦȥء
һ̧ʱǰķѹеľɫ˳Ĳ֮Ļ¡ȿľջ࣬ˡǱɫ۾һ㣬òƿĿ⣬ʵڴʲô⣿
Ҿʲô⣬Ҳκβ㣬ʲô߿ˣɵ°ˮߵ«έһ㣬ҵĶ׹һֻǸղűקͤʱ䵽·ˣҹȥǱҡ
ǹһ㣬ֻĶ˵ĺϣѸٸһԽԽ죬ˡŬȺתĿձһ߶ϴһֻĸ̵ˮ׹ӣұȴǿյģСɵĶܿĺۼ׹ӹȻˡ
ȻӣίʵġˡŽ䱸ʲôϡͷѰ˺õĸ㡣
Ǳ¸ҵأ߰һۣ֮ô㶪أҺϲҪ
ʲôϷȻԸðмƵķգɲǼĴˡĿˮȥǽһ㣬ֹֻĲӣؿǰЦ˳
ǱɫĵɫǶŮӿϢˡͷԽԽͣ΢΢ĺ촽ɫԽԽȴڴʱһѾȵˮʪء
ˡ̧һ·ߵģһŨҵľջǰȥܵ«έԣ׹ԭϸСĶֻôҵõ
΢΢ý̽ȥһϸϸѰţЦ˵Ӳ𣿷Ҹһҡ
һſ׼뷨ӵˡֻǱˣš
µԽԽԽԽʪЬѾմȾˮ⣬ȻССĶ׹Ծ˿ûټˡͣסӣ˵˹һϸϸһ飬ҲĻȥٸһһģһġ
ȴûô˵һ˫ֻţͻȻָǰ棬
ˡ˳ָķȥĿܵ«έƵü׹̧Цȷҹȥ񡣡
ˡ㲻˵ͷЦЦ˵˵ҼԺ󣬻㱧źˡ
ĵէȻһϲˡڻůѳˡͷһգȻʧ
ߵ˫ŸһأվȱЦŲܲȵ㣿
ˡûӦѾϲһ£ˡʶһüʵʲô
Ц𣬸һţˡˣǰͻǰ͵һƣˡ⧲ŵһѾȽһӣһֻݽȥ֮ȴβ
ȻһЦ˵˰
Ⱦܣܱȡһֻ׹ӴãͷҫƵָָԼĶЦץĿӣû뵽ץһֻ󡣡
ˡʱᡣҪԾȻ̫ʪԽԽݣֻסŲѾӰܵԶˡ
Ȼû׷߻ԽԽ졣ˡֻûо飬֪ôʪأԲʱסˣӦúܿҵţҲգۼĹø֮ǰҵʵۣ˵ʵ۲ҪӦ
ˣʲôʱ򶼱ȲԼӲˡٲһҲһӿɫҪ󹬵Ů
ܿƼ˸Ĵţ߷ų˽ȥȻϣ֪õģ˭ҲǴ޵߳ʱÿɱɲʵôˣ
£Ųˣ첽߹˴޵ĸ첲ߣ̽ɫ˵ҷŸЩִ׽ŪԼͻҪˣ˵ʲô¶ҪӦòã
޵и˵Ц⣬׽Ūû뵽ǸƺܵҲб׽Ūһ졣ʵҪ޴Ӧʲô
ԥһ£ŵµŮ
Ȼ޵ͷôأ
롣۰Ͱ͵˵ǰµİźܺã²ҪӦòã
⴫С̫£ӵˡ
žһ󼱴ٵĽŲ죬޵̧һű㿴̧żĴˡһŭýģɫ۵°ʪһ飬۽Լܿ¿ֻ˿ĶѾʪ͸ЬҲĺۼ˵׽Ūȴǳ˴
ҲһæͷԭΪˡȻȥЬ࣬˭ֻ֪ˮߺϴһ±ˣЩЦЩǳˣֻŻʵվԼһߣôˡǰͷ
޵˵ȥ·Ь࣬ʲô´˵
ˡһۣſ첽ߵ޵ǰһ˫ϥ£븸ʽߴΪޣ
лҪ˵Сޣ
Сޣݣ

 106 

֮, ʰ̽Ϣ, ˵ӵ»ء
̲סߵǰ, źķ, ŴţȻǿ, Ȼǰȴ·˴ˡͦñֱ, ۽Ьϸ˵ˮۼʱ䣬Ѿʱ, , ԼǲĿľݡ
дŵĹʳﲻȥʵǲǸˣ
Ȼû, ʰҲ֪ʵǴˡ, ܹ˵Ǳ´Ӧ²š
ʶǱһ, һ˿пȴеЦô, Сӵ
ʰĶ, ԥ˵ū澾õ¶ԹͦõģΪ˹ﻹ, ūԱ߿ţҲе㲻ġ
ЦҡҡͷҪ˭ҺãҾ͵ôӦ˭ǾʮңҲġ
ʰԾһ¶ģһĶͷɵӣ˸ٺãҲԼУҸźúõĹȥɫ
֮У޵ڰ֣ʾȥƫԼˡ˵ɣʱˣҲˡ
ʲӦӾͲˡֻ˿˵
޵룬ǰ£˵֮£ԭҪԸȲϴӦֺαǿ󣿡
ʣӴСûʲôˡ̧ͷĿƣǶӵһſڣֻ
޵һʱЩ˵ףЩȷЩԲסӣʱ˽֮⣬ʱǲŲʣҲû鷳ڹؼʱ˴һοζӦôӦ
ǻˣʲôǳʲôѾܾ˼޸ˡǿ  
ɣ޵˵Ϊʲôϼ㣿
ˡ촽㲻˵ȻĹϵջعʱ࣬ԶԶ̸ĳ̶ȣοҲûа鰮֮˵ϰߡ
޵Ҳµн٣ֵǷâ¶ӣദȻѣϣԭҲûʹģÿ˶ԼǣദˣҪһһ㣬˭Ҳˣֻܾˡ
ˡǲ˵ȴ˽ȥԻʵۣл٣ǸôĽܶȶҪ˳ǶƺҲûֲƵĸо
ϸϸһ룬кܶζԹԼԸǿӸԹҲΪԭžܾϲģޱȷһ㣬ֻǲϲôǿضԴ
ȢԺŶºһ㣬ֻҪҪ飬Ҳ˼ڲСڱ밴Ը죬Ҫܡ
޵˵˰죬ǵȲӦ֪  վҪȥˣٺú룬ͨ˾ͻȥɡ
ʴӦˣӾˡ˵
޵һۣ׻̧ˣʱʱﶬ֮ʱӲˡŸڵ΢ı֮ǰҡҡ⣬ͷ
ڲԶȻȴһҲûЩ֣˿ûзϡ
鰮֮£ԣʼնʴǶҩ䲻ʲ£еĿɬζֻԼ֪
Ȼǿɬеһ΢Ҳô֡ 
ˡֱֱ  
ƫУ޵磬ɻء
ֻ룬ʢһװٺ࣬ٳһòã̵ʺʱԡ
ίʵԲˣ޵ڸǰȴȥãֻ޵Լ֪ҲֻҩŰˡ
˵赭дȴһֻ࣬úЦ˵ʱ򣬺ú£ȿ˴ͺˡ
޵΢΢һЦҲ˵ޣֻ˵Ǳߣ׼Ҫô죿˵ˣҪ޲ӦͲҲ֪ӣ϶˵ġ
ˡҲ֪ôˡߵ͵һЦ˵㲻ԷܻҪ˯İɣܿȥ
޾϶ܿȥ޵ҪҪ޴ģ
һ£ҡҡͷʵ˵ǶԵģˡִ̫̫жѣˣֻǣѵΪˣҪԼȥûôĳ
£ô죿
ŵù޵Ļ뷨ӡ޵ӹյ˿ڣ˵ôšŲǰ취
һʵô˵϶Ѿ˶Բߣʲôʱ򣬻ʵô˰ġ
һɲǣиƵͷһҪǴˡҲʵжã
һϢͷӹŮнӹֽӵݸ޵˵Ҷµġ
޵֣΢΢Ц˵ôһ仰׼ûϲ
һȣ޵˵޻Ǿ仰ʱһǽú롣
ʱѾϨˣ߶ڴ棬Ӻڰп̽źĶǱߵĵƻţˡûгֹʱӦûڹšǹִ
ѾʱˣԲȵعڱĵϣҲܲˣôִһʵۻţãʵҲֻܸš
Ҳ֪ʵ˵ķӣʲôģ
ڴʱĵƻϨˣŵ˲ʵҪ˯ˣˡҪˣʵڻ˵
ǽֶ˶㣬ԼڵĸЩֻȴˡʱһȥˣǱʼûжˡûг
©̶ԽԽʱÿһϢϵôˡѵڹţѵʵû˵Ҫһҹ
Ѿˣû߽ץŴǧذתǷˣȻЩۡ
һ
ȴڴʱſˣˡ˳
һϲæǽغΣעŴˡľٶ
ߵļһŲԱź̫ҪǰȴڰֳˣֻԼͥ
֮£ļͦúֱƺƽʱûʲô֪ʱȱضûʲô֪ߵô
ͻȻ˼㣬߿ڱǽϣ̾˿
ˡһһ̨ף̧ͷõķȥ¹ŵȴһƬڣƺѾ˯£ܸоĳط
ʵ۸ĴֿܣҪĽԸһѣԼת⡣
⣬ҲֻԸķ䡣
һ磬Ϊû糯Ĵ޵˴Ұּ⣬⽭ΪֿʳزֿڹѡַӪ쿤ۡ
޴ӦɲŮɢ֮󣬴޵˵Żŵݹᣬõּ⣬ҪѡĸԼ 
лҪ˵ϴޣԵʵۣ߽ѧ
ϴޣˣǲʡġ

 107 

֮ʱ, ˰ߺĴѩ, Ŀ׷ҲѡУ컹ûʱ, Ѿƻͨ, ðѩֻʱһ, ʹˡ, ӭӿĳ͡
֮ǰ˼ʱסòûкԮ, , ֻһʳͻϮ, ԭҲ֮, ˭֪˽Щֻ˼ʹЩ۲սûͻȻָ͵Ĵ, ʱʧ룬ʮǧ䣬Ͷʱҵ, ǺսϮ, ϲβһµʱͼˣ׽, ȡ˳͢ʮսĵһѹʤ
Ϣٹ죬޵ѺҪ˷׷·ߣһ·һ£ŸǰһҲǽһͷ
Ҫ⽵ģŷ籸˸ɫӵİζ⽣ļСɣһһи࣬ͷļǴ޵ƢθҲŷꡣ
߽ͬʳԵûǼ٣æƤ춹ɳ˫ֵݹȥ³ģó
ѾԵ̫ˡ޵ڰ֣ʵǸŪôˣ
첢ǶĺʱߵĲֿ޽ĺǻʱֻոտʼɹʯ׼ݼɽѣЦҪʰŵӣȫŪˣ¹ȥòã
޵΢΢һЦпãܸϵϣȥů
ֻǣϲˡ
ټ⣬ת˵Ǵ󳯻ᣬھеĹԱƶҪϳ
ЩΪʲôͻȻ˵£ֻǺЦ޵ղ̫ӡ
̫ӣȻǴˡˡЦҲʵ顣
޵ֵ֮󣬻ҪۿӢ׷ԼҪʱҲɢɢҪͰٹٶ磬ԼҪֵδʱĩҲδɢǴĵĻͳȥɡ
ģû뵽ȻܳʱüжʢЦ⣬ϲӯӯ˵Ҵӽڣͳֻȥһأ뵽濴ˣã
Цݵģ޵ҲǻϲôžȥɣʱҪЪҵ϶״ŵģûʲôͷֻϵĳͳ縣ȥ䣬һƬ÷縣³Ǻ÷ʱҲ˰ɣӳŴѩǶÿľ¡
ʲô÷÷ѩ£ߵνڹôãܳȥߣѾϲ⡣æЦл¶ѣ
̽һȴǴˡ˽ʣ¶Ѿ룬ͳӭӢ
Եһȡ޵ҲҪȥʰһ£һȥɡ
ˡߣüĿһ˿ϲȻճٲҲȻ·æʵ۲Խأûлᵥ˵ʵǵദˣЩʱʱ𣬻ʵ۴ԼѾı⡣
ˡæűǡ
Щ⣬޵ʱ޵ֻɫº͵˵øϿЩˣǰʱģܵ󡣡
֪شæ³˷Ȼطʰ°ѩӳʵ۴ʱˡվţȻû˵ĿȴһֱϣһʱҲɣ߽Ծܸоעӡ
޵ڴЦ˵ȥɣúһ죬ˡ
ˣʱˡߵǰһſеɡͷ
ѩͬëһ㣬׷͸ϡܿһɫѩӰӣ̧ۿˡЦл㡣
ʵôţʵЩϣմµּ⣬ѡĵ
ˡѵü˳ϲشĵ˵ţ֮ȸȥʿȥճ֮̾˶ڵй䣬Ҫӵĳ̶ȣֻһ۾ͺãҪ˶ȥȰ˹ȥ峡
˶ˣʲôֿɿЦ˵ʿţҲ£Ҳ˶ĵطȥˡ
ˡܷģҪ˵Ѿת˻⣺ϲ㰡
ʵѾ̫֮ˡˡĿմʣҸˡ
͵һЦ̧ɡһЩѩ׷ɢֵɡȥӣĵ˵¸˵̫кŮ귽ǣδ䣬˵ӢϥŮҲǴֹС
£ҲȫȻϡˡһϲҶܣֻҪһ仰
ô߸ߵżЦֻڵسȥһ졣
¡ţһˡæָСڼ̧ѩ̫ˣ·ϲߣºͿŲȥɡ
ʱɡ߱˵Ǵδй飬ˡôֻ˵ء
ǡ֪Ƣһ˵һҲȰæֽǰҪɡūºͿɡɡ
ûɫˡһۣ˼֣أǸںͺá
ȴڴʱһѩ׷ˣˡæɡǰҪһЩȴһ㣬Ц˵ЬӶȵЩʪˣҲҪˡ
Ʋ첽ȥǰȥɴѩӵ¶ɫƤСѥһǣѥӷѩ촩ģַѩʪˣҽڲϸͬС
ˡ˵ߣոյĻϲɲǼֱʧħϣжôϲֻҪһ仰һӸߴ䵽ص¡
ˡ˴Գɡ첽ǰȥ󼸲ľ룬ıӰ΢΢һЦ
ʵ۲Ե޹ʸ˵лҹӢŮ󹬴Ůˣˡǳ¡ûѡҲͰˣڿΪʲôҪڹ˷
˵ЩŮ˵³ΣЩǿһ
ڶڻعŹϣ߽ӹʰϵ¯Ц˵׳һˣǺúù䣡
ȥ´еʱ̫˹˵үʰæ˵
ܣΪʲôҪ
ˡĳȸֵĲڴֵ𣬴ˡͷһĳűţڵʵһҲƲĶǣĺ⡣
ǡˡջĿ⣬Ը
л¼ңһһ䣬δǳоصʵ۵İҲȻֻϸһ仰Ҳδزܶȥ˿Ͻϡ
ͷܶ÷տ»һµΧʮˣһǿͰ͵ļ仨üŴǲͬȻʿ⻤ţ˶ǰȻеӴĸӵܻʱʱӸǰ߹Ūˡ
ȴĿĿˣܾЩţҲ֪⡣

ңңһϤ̧ͷһȴл١
عȥлٿ첽߽ǴЦýģЩá
лҪ˵ϴޡ

 108 

޵׷ʱЩ֧Ųס, Ȼ¹ع, ȴڴʱ˳һֱŵͽ֮, й뿪, ´ˡڴֺˡ
޵˲յ⣬ֻؿһѪӿ, ̲סŻһ, һƬɫ֮󣬶ӵģǹǵ, 㱿̫ҽɱŹ, ޵ʱãȴ׵, ֻ̫ӹ
ȴˡϵʱ, ޵ѾƵ޼䣬϶˵ɣ, ǲˣֵǶɡ
ʵЩһ첻һ죬ˡ׼, Ȼ浽ʱ, Ծһ׶Ĵ̹ǣ֪Իʵ۵ĸ飬ԭԼΪҪ, ᲻ϡˡҭһһ仰Ҳ˵ʵ˵ߵܣҲɡ
ԴӱȦ֮ûʵۣʱǸ֮᲻ҲǷŹԪĲŻ˼ˡһۣʱ򣬻ʵۻǼǹ࣬еʣЪһЪµġ
޵ǿЦ£ǣɡ
ߵõϢϻعʱӶ޼䣬ȴǲܽȥֻֽص䣬ԽԽš
ðһͷһʵ۰ȥ
һˣֻתֻ÷αվס۾˲ʪˡ
ʱ֪ʵ۲ܰĵĵʵ۲̵һУڣʵҪˡ
޼ͶỺ˵ֹƬ̣衴ͷ½˳ڶǰĴ㣬һǴˡ۾˵ȥ
ٹ˲࣬ܽȥ۱㿴޵ɫҰܵڴϣ̫ҽ룬æǰЦ˵£һˡ
ÿ𣿡޵ʵɫƽһƽ͡
ǿѹеĿֻţǸЦݸȻһЩ˵ÿ÷࣬˱Ȼ࣬˴˾Ʋ³ԡ
˵ţһЩģһЩǳΣи΢ϣҲֻҪͣ˵ȥʵ۾Ͳ¡
޵Ļ֣̿ŵ΢΢Ц⣬Ժչ˺Լ
һ£ǵٶ۵ͻȻ۵üҪʧȥ֪ȻϵЦԽã˵ŲҪأֻҪ¸ҳ
ã޸޵΢΢̧֣ҪǰȥͷȻֻ̧һֻǿЦ£û̧ˡ
æסʵ۵֣ʲô
ûʲô޵̧ۿ͵͵˵ɺܺãϸɣҪίԼҲ̫ˡ
õͻȻˣæƫͷɿڼϲȥˮٻתʱЦ棬ͷҶµġ
á޵ʥּţĸͰһ˰ɡ
þصһϢ˵ȥɣǣ
ס֣Ż࣬ߣһţ̲ססǽڣƵµ߽ŲæӺǼȥϱһ£̧ͷһȴǴˡԸԶ
̧ţƽסΣȥﲶ׽żÿһϸ΢죬ڲͣתţ˼ƮץסֻһƬհס
֪˶ãȣʼշû˶ĩ˽򣬸ĵ죬ٺлͥͳ͵سҹڵֵָͣߣֱ󣬴ˡ̽ͷ
ɱȥʱǡڴʱ죬޵Ƴһۣ϶˵ɣչ˺
ͻȻͣסˣƬ̵ļž߲ҶҲҷκֻվţɻʵڻǱ۾
֪˭һ޳˴˷ʹֻվţһƬհס
ãһĵӽû˸ˡ
ɫʱװѱϣ鴲ҰٹТ᣺棬лּ̫ͥӴˡǰλն׷ϵᣬɽ֮ŵ͵͵ĿƵĴТӳŵããѩɫɮоͻߵͷ  һãȻ
ǲţʵ۾ôûˡ
ֱ죬ǰճֽʱ̧ۿصĴˡǰ棬ͻȻʶʵѾˣһˣûһĵĬĬ֧ˡ
ܵľٰʹʧ

գѵ˰ճ֮ʱԭǺů³صѣطʱԭӦɵģȴȻʧ
һȥˣɻʵ۵ЦòԾɿϣͺʵ۴û뿪һʱھȪ֮£ԼѾ˰ɣֻǲ֪֮ʱǱǰӣ
ĵ̾ӦǾǰӰɣϾʵۣĵһˡ
ƻ֮ʱ߲ȥʱͣķȵҡҡλεأϳǰһ˳ӰӣǴˡ
ʶ񣬵¡
һڣԼҲ죬ȴˡͷˡ
һ仰˵֮󣬱ǳõĳĬĬĬˣãȻˡ˵ࡣ
Ҳˡߵ
ˡһĬֻһٻֽǮĻҽƮڵӰذ׵ϣ߿ŴˡӰŷһͦñֱʱ΢΢ţƺǲظ
һϧϢĵ𣬾ӡ
ֹһֻˡɬɬ˵û뵽ʱվôѰ
վ˵ߣҲ޸ĸ֮ˡ
һҲ֣ĵǵϧѸվҪοȴֲ֪˵ʲôźãǧֻһƽĳ滰½ڰ
ˡ̾ߵǰ֦ͥҶ̵Ļľľһ㣬ήˣﻹжá
ǰжãϧ˴ǻľ괺㷢ߵǰ˵ֻҪͷţ˾һֱڡ
ˡعĿؿԹһֱԶǰûڡ
ĵ׵ϧԽԽŨȰοӣ¿ЩɣǱ²ܰģȻھȪ֮£ֻҲܷġ
ˡ΢΢ҡͷӣΰûڣѾ޷ء  
߽ǰһ˵ˡ²ġ
ѾܾãûˣһɲǣƺʱѸٵǰˡļͻȻǰһӵסߣ㣬ұһ£һ¡
°ͷϣ۾
Ļں޼尾ڴ˿ͻȻˣֻƽ
ܸоӵ֮ǰĶһһ˿һɲǣͨͬĹͬ˼
̧֣ر
лҪ˵ҵϴޡ

 109 

µʱ, ֿԺʰͣ, ߳ųӵĻᣬټ˽ܡ
ֻ, ̤ʱ, ߲һ
̼ǵȥĺɽֱʱܻ, , ƣüһ֮ɫҲ´·, ˶ʮһ, ͨ¶Եĳ֮ɫ
߽, μ
˫ַ, Цûˣ粻ض񡣡
ȴ񱻻һһ, ƫЦһȻʲô֪ˣαؽҡ硣
һԭԼ, Ҳ֪ˡ
Ƕ°ɡʰԸ
ʰæһڹŮ̫˳, ţţѹʵ, ʲôʱ֪ģ
ȥ֪ˡɬɬ˵ʱ̫ϢҪһ棬ϹɥһֱÿУһֱš
̶ֵ̼µʱ䣬Ȼ㲵̶ֳȡ߳ʵô֪ģ
һĸ״ӰֻؼСסĸ˵£ˡ̧̾ͷͷ微ĸҪ˵ĸԷûؼҡЦҵ㡭ԭҸʲôϵҲûС
ﶼǻںޡΪ˽ҵǰ̣㲻Ը֮£ѡγһԸߣɵͷԭԼǸȫɵˣЩʹǸЦ
磬˵Ҿ͸ĸ˵Σ㶼ҵĸ磬ӣ粻Ҫٺ˼룬ǵˣԶ䡣
ܲȻһЦҡҡͷٵľǼٵġ
еĿģǿѹеĿɬ֮ԴŵҪ
ĸ׽ĺأһֱ˼Էáܿߣعȥ֪ҲĸΪҹͬһ˵ķϣŹԷðɣ
˵һѣü˵Է˹棬ȻԷģ顣
ɹŲֻ̧ͷߣɫӵ˼㣬ҵȻʲôҲ֪𣿡
ʱĿͬһ֮£ȴ֪ˡݣûˡ֮ľֱ빬֮󣬸ɢɢƴһһžԼڵʱˡЩһЦǼϣ֪Ǹ
´Һܺá߲˵Щֻüʵ¿Էȥ֮Ҫô죿ڹ֣ǷųҾҪ¶ˡ
ѾӦĸףԷóҾ͸ףֻܵҪ˺ӣҲܰˣҲúùȥ¡
ɲÿЦһ˵ݼҵԭӦģˣҲɡ
֮Уܣͷβ޹Ǹ
ܵ۾˲ʪˣ̲ŵҲ޹
ʱЩΣǱģڣȻߣȴǸĿڵ֮ǰȥ̽ĸף໰ҵĸǿף㡣
ߴһѿ˵˵ʲô
ҵĸǿף㡣˵ĸ׵껳УΪȷһʧùΪڣոӤĸ˽ӶмѡҵĸΪȷ»ܣĸֽڸ⣬ֺƭ˵뿴ӤûңĸԷú󣬾ƽǵ
ʱĸױҪɱڣ˭ָ֪ȥʱҵĸѾˡܳһ֪ģЩˡ
߾ȵ˼㣬Ҳֻܵû뵽Ĵ𰸣ȻԼסײǽܵĸףô˭
ôţ˳Ļ˭
ҡҡͷҲ֪ʹĸףҲ֪
̾һһãȻתתһȦͷ˭ûд𰸡
ܿжϧȴòĳ˵ʱˣҸøˣԷõ£Ҫ鷳ʱһᡣ
̲߳סֻعͷ˵ء
صػص˸߽ˡڴ£̧ʵȥ
Щ˱ǰѾ׽࣬ˡǵһγЩ΢΢ľȣȥҵĿ޵ôˣӦ֪˰ɣ
ˡֻ֪㡣
ȥǰˮˮЦˡ
Щദ˴ˡһ֮ǳһһֻҪǰֻǵԷߣˡҪʸһ׿˵Լ١
ˡ߹ȥùӣͰ
Źˡλ֮ҲðᵽģﵽǴ޵µĶˡΪ˼ˣԳٳûаǨҲΪûаᣬ߱Ҳߣʱô˵߱ԺѾʰˣȻҪôҴʰȥɡ
һˮҪˮˡȴԼǱߣ㲻سȥҰ͸ס뿴ʱҲʱȥ
Щڣֽ̧ƿһЩˡȴִͻؿֻþֺһڣҡҡͷôɣһǰȥɡ
סԼ͵ͬڴӦ޸ʱûá
ߣˡס֣ȥ֪ҵ˼ȳ֮Ȣ㡣
ȢȻһȢ֡
ߵͷЩȣȴЩң֮ʲô벻òŵ롣
Ѿ˺ܾˡˡ̧ͷȥֻԶҲϣˣ⡣
ˮὫУߵ˵ߣ޸ҡ
߾ҲЩһҪˡȴøЩ޸ңҵ̫ˡ
ͷһǣȵϢ͸ķ˿ݵϵÿһؽͻȻͿ쵽˼㣬æȴôҲϷֻ֣̾Ϣ˵ҵ̫áߣ㲻֪ҵȵж尾
СɵĶһӾͺ͸ˣ͸ӣңˡ̲סһ£ƣҪٵˣòã
ȵ˼㣬״ε˵룬һҪ롣
ˣҵġˡĴĶȥڶϣ˶̤ʡիҾҪ㡣
쵽˼㣬ҪѣŷֽŶģҲֵܹһǿĴˡȴ̫ѿһˮ࣬Ҳ࣬ãȻ뵽ԴڷȵʼʱѾԼҲݽ֮С
ҵ̫ã̫ãߣҪپܾҡˡ̧۾˵޸ҡ
лҪ˵˵ɣ

 110 

ܰ˼, ˡԼ, ҲߵԭЩȷľͻȻþϲ, ͬһ, һһӦ, һŪ
ҲԼ, Խôã̫˽, Ҳ̫˽, ֮䣬ֻҪһԳ, һ̾ͻѹԷ־, ʹԷԼİţ޷ȷ˳᲻ǺõĽ
ƿĿⲻٿ, ŬźƽȻԽŬ, Խǿ, ͸ļϣԱһ£Ļ, ̰þܾ
ߺ֪ʶٲǰʱƲһˣĳѾĥˡ
ˡĿϣϣʹƤ϶ǵĺΣĺʱʱʱʱأŬԼĻңԽΣԽǱ¶šˡĻϲԽԽŨʶܿͻԸҲĵǸõѡȻȲ̧°ͿԼѹ˵޸ңٵˡ
Ǵ޾Ĺƻһáּѿ˵ȻͷڻӲĳ롣
ˡһʧֵ֪̫ãսģ뷨ľƽû˵ֻǰӵϸŮԼʧڼˣ´ٿڣض޷ܾ 
ƽӵûг̫ãߺܿ쿪ʼ˶ء
ˡϷɣֻ˭ҿ
ǲҿѵͲ²𣿡 ˵ȷſҺòãʲôǺú˵
šˡϲдŽߵģɰ˼㣬ֻǽӵ㲻ӦҾͲ֡
˼£ۼѵˣһˡҸ˼£ˡ䲻һʶ֣߳ûƿȥǰվˣȻһЦû뵽ģȻҲ
Ҳ̥ˡΪʲô£
ȥҪæǰһ°ߵһ㣬Ц˵»Ǳ߰ɣ˹˹ĵ˵
ˡĴ߲Ц⣬˼ֵ٩ζ˵й˹˹˵ʱ򣿡
һڣȻ뵽⾹ǼͷһɵطЦȻʱԲʱ򡪡ܷ
ȴҲûϵô˵ǰ֣Цأƣִй˹˹˵ʱ
ĵ٩ǰǴǰڣǾǳǰȴһ۾
ˡ΢΢һЦ۾ĹĻ𣿲˵ģ˭㷽޵ˡ
ȻĸЦͷһǰԳΪޡ⵹ˣȫɣһۣЦЦʵģ
ٵġˡһ̽˵֪Ҳá
ĺڶϣոƽĺ߾Щ̧ƤȵģȵģҲȵģֻ˿һ֡
ˡϸոɢȥĺѸָգۼͬ˰ĳϼһ泩̧ḧһ£Խˣ
ˡ߶㿪ɿȥǰϿӣ˸Ķ˵ɡ
ˡ߹ȥԼˣڻ£Ȼ߼죬Լȥǰ£ЦҲסˣȻҪðȥ
ˡ£ȫģסҪȥ
֪Ժֻ˵ɴ콿ҲҪһ񣬾ûȥڼڹ˵ھУʲôģ֪ҲҪڹˣҪȥҵĿ
ˡ뵽ȥʱ˽ټˣЩδһСŮ̬ҲһڻؾٹһӰɣͷԸ¼ӿȣȹʣʱĿӦҲʰòˣٳȥҲ١
˵죬ͻȻһۣòŵǱԺɣҲȥҸطɡ
Ǻס˽ȥͬĬ˺ݣˡ֪ӾͷòҲټ֣˵Ҫôȥɡ
ǹδʱסȻ˵ЩԽȻǴˡķԸҲû⣬ߵͷã¡
ˡһԭֻҪö˷Ҳǰ˳ɣЩδĿվҪǰһһչ¶Żϲ̽ЦңǾͱˣǻһ
˵̫һʶһ㣬˵ʲô
û˵꣬£Ӣ
ˡǻӿֻӲɲס˵䣬ȻӢóȻȻΪӢһѺͿĿȴò滯⣬ˡֻվ˵ȥȥ
ߣæͣˡ߳ػͷ֣˵һһţҡ
ߵͷͼһЦɿ֣תȥˡ
ˡһȥԭΪܽ˭֪ǰһŷַǵӢˣŮҲڣէһ̶ˣӢ˳˵ʵû˷ӣŴŵ£¸
ˡ˵˵
æӢ̧ۿ˿ˡҲӢæָᣬ˵£ֻǳԼ϶ϲ󵽱¸ǰģʵڿ
ѾʱŹǴŵʱˣߵֵȣֻǵȲˡԸȥʲôʱ
߳õ̫࣬ȴļֹһԸæӦˣɿܳȥʱһ·СܻǱߴԼҪһӣӢ˸С˵ء
һʵĸС㣿
ӢĴС㡣ֹڹվã涼죬Ѿǰ̽Ц˵˵ûУӢֵû˷ӣԲŵ£
Ӣ檲͵飬ҲӰӰ´˵ֻǣӢԼҲͰˣΪʲôͰ͵شŮЦЦ˵һ㣬Ǻ㵹˵˵¸ʲô
ֹŵӿһۣСţֻΪ˳´С¡
лҪ˵δɹСŬ

 111 

鷿, ˡǰֹӢ, üͷ
ʴһս, ¾֮˴, ѹʱѶ, ¼ұ, սۼ˼ƴûӲ, ֻûΪ, ݷȴʱ
ʮȢ, Ϊ˲©, ǵȢݣԭӷϣҲ, ֱȥ˼ͷ޵گָݣϲ֪ɷû, ϲ˼㡣
ֻǵȷϴŵػؾ֮, ŷ鲢ôáȻޣһʮ꣬Զ, ͺȢӼϣʮͻѷޣȴҪĶ࣬˵ϥֻһŮ񻪣ȴһŮ
ΪӢ˵ĶƷھ׸˭ͺһͨΪѡ˵ԭ䷢ޣȺãΪʮ꣬ݷ򸾵ɥ¶Ƿ϶ģ˷ǷĪ˵ϵ޽ʱҲǰȢ޵ģЩΪŮٳּҲǲףͻȻޱ檣ģ
ԥ񷨹ȴƫ˽˵ھǷϵģϲò˶Ϊ檣ֻǳȴ˶ԼϴǸΣСϲԾرƫϣ֪ۼ˲һȻҲȥмϣ˷˳һ֮أڸеųԶϣΪżеĸŮ֮ûִ
ֻǲ֪嵽ǰ״Ϊ˺£ˡ˲ҪˣȰѻ˵ꡣ
һæȡӸϲᣬǿʣɿ˵˵£ȻҪǸ볼һϹʵϣ̲ס˵˼䣬͹ֳ檼ʣ⺢Т˳ֱ˼䣬˭֪Ǽ˼䣬ˣ⣬Ҫȥ㣬˵ʱͲ£ĵĵ񻪶ʮˣΪżͷԩûףҪȥһ꣬һȫˣʵû˷ӣֻóŹû񣬴¡
˵꣬ȥƳ񻪣񻪣˵ѽ׵ı磬¿϶ܸ
ˡ˳һۣͼȻֵָۣȷᣬֻǳɰͷᣬһǿģˡΣµڳǰԼ˵ô˳Ӣ㸸ףԺڹǰҲҪЩƢ˵¹˳Щźá
ڳ˵бŷϱȥϣЩﶥﳼҾͷûжӦ⴦꣬üǼѣƽؾԭΪֲһµȱ˭֪˼СҲˣʱίǷߺޣѿ˵Щܵһ㣬Ȼ˳
ˡһȻԼԻʵ۵ԹŵôҪΣ
˵Ǿ䣬Ѿ֪Լ˵ʱֲҶԹʧ˳ԭֻ֮ܽĸֹ
βǹˡ𣿡
Ȼ֪ˣҡͷֻ´üϣ
Ǵ˼ϣҪڳ㣿ˡһ˵ǹļ£ɹԼ޻˵ȥ֮
񻪲̧ۿԥæ񣬵ߵл
ȴڴʱ£Ӣ
ùɡˡ
꣬һεص˽ҴˡתϺͳ񻪣˭ģϽȥ
ˡɫԼҲǺˣãѾ˴Ľ֮飬ɡ
ԽѿˣԭƫǳģҲûڻʵǰֻõߵл
ˡߣߣҲ˷ʱ˾ڹ÷ɣ޻ظĽš
͵˵лˡҲ˲ᣬֻ첽ȥյͿſʳдƫѾںţˡ̧ۿ߳ӭɵһЦĶǿ죬ʱ׼ϵģ
УһЦѾȹˣҵȶȲ¡
Ѷϼ£Ѿʱˡˡ߽ʳ£˾˼ϴһʺͿˣһӶڹţȳˣԼҲƽһЩʱǻػ
żֹĻʵΪʲô£ô´Ҳˣ
ִ˴Ҫһ꣬˵ĵ£Դˡ˵ţһЩ£ôεѵΪ񻪣
ϸϸȥͼ֦ӣƺĵʵʲô£
Ȼˮ©ȻַʣȻʮ⣬֮ǰӢŮҰ¶᲻¼ϼ׵Ĳ²ˡҲţҲڵţ׼ֺαЩ£ 
ˡһϲֻ׿˵һѿ⺬˵ôʮˡ
Ļ˵ֻʣȻǹţһͻȻתǻʲô׵ģȻЦô񻪵´ԼҲûʲôϵҼйϵҲʲʵģҲûʲô
سѿЦµϣҲǲס
ˡֻʣȻ˰գԽԽУ˵˵Ǹǲ񻪣ˡ֪ԼѾʶԼͼε˵Ѿ˴Ľ֮ɥ󣬹Ҳø˵ˡ
ߵͷ¹Ȼϧ񡣡
ˡôô⻰ģȻ֮ϲɵѿ˵ġ
̧ۿЦЦʵʲôĵģ
ˡ֣͵˵ƾ˭£ǡ
һȣƫ
չ۱㵽ڷȵ޵֮߰ʹס˲ֿȻ²ϲţҪٴ죬еĹٻ˼˵ǰĺ˲ֿǨ֮ϲ׷ǲһʱǰˮ˴죬ɫҲһӡ
ʱ֣ܴһٴεţ֮ȴŲ˵֪ΪԷҸ˵ѾӦˣҪٵһӡ
ˡʵǲԸԷ¾ֵģ¾֣ˡҲǷ̫ᣬȻӦߣչȴֽԷȥ࣬˵ðܷ֮ųǱ߻ƸۣԼԷʱǹɽ֮Ҳȫĥˡ
Щϸ߲˵ȫ֪ʱһҪˣϲ⣬æҴĸл
ȥʱҲÿˡ
߻δ˵꣬ʰѾ߽¼ݵ
лҪ˵첻죬أÿ춼

 112 

ˡ߽ʱ, ͷһȿӭĽ, Щֻǰߵ治÷, ֻ˵°ɡ
֪˵Ѿϵ, ҲҶ໰æ˿, ߼űװ, ֪ĳģЦӭʵôпճ
չůˡҲݣֻ´, üͷ, ̫ªˣ˵ȸ, Ҳһ, αذأ
ЦҲüªҵԼĵͷȹﲻ֪˶١  
ڣˡ, Խʶ˵ԺҪټˡ
䲻ϵЦݻûʧ, ŵʵôˣ
׷ǹ, ˼档ˡߣԺҪټ
ǵЦ̱, ߸߽̧ͷʵֳô׷ǹʣ
Ҷ֪ǡˡɫЩѱģֽУ࣬Ҳϲܲ㣬ӦңԺҪټ
̫ᣬ̫ůһɲǵĻȻջѹ΢΢һЦ˵ûвңֻ·Է
ڶѣҪ㣬ˡḧգ˵Ҳῴϴ˽㣬Ѿһû׷˭֪˵ôߡ
ƿɫ䵭ô֪֮ǰң
ŵ˲ʧ٣ˡ֪ԼˣȻʵڲ̱Ҫ˵ٴӵûв͸ǽûȥ飬Ҳҡ
Աµе֪߿ʵ
ˡԥһ£ײ϶ʹߵˡ
ߴƤòһЦԭΪΪڹԲڣԭǡ
ٴƿЦ˵ֻҪ²ԼôڹﻹڿʵҲԲԣ
Ҳ˼ˡסӽ͵ֻǲ㣬Բ㰲ţҲΪĺá
˵ԸҰţ߿һۣߴ޵Ц»ҵ𣿡
Ҫʲô¡ˡ޹ؽҪС£ҿ㣬Ǵ£ûҵġ
»С£׷ʵ
С£Ҳ¡ˡûִԭΪѾѱʱͻȻǰҲЩ죬ü˵ҲףֲʲôҪ㲻Ϊ
ҲΪΪԼߵ˭˭Լʲô˼
ˡҪ˵תһ룬ֺαΪЩִֻҪףԺֻܴڹЩҲαΪ˽ٷ¸棿Щ׺˳ֺαΪһ΢Ľֵùһ  
һˣˡĿ˵Ȼ㲻ϲô´Ҳˡ
ûϵͻȻòһ²ʵģ
ġˡסͷ˵Ժ£Ҳ˽¹ʣһǲϲܣԺҪټòã
ȻûʲôȻѾ£˭ֶ֪٣ЩԥѾһҲһǣȻǵûʵ˵һʱ򷴶ǽ
߳ţ׿ǰҪ£ҾͼûҪ£ҾͲòã
ȻģȻòǰѾͬˡԻϲҵദľϣã㡣
ȥѽܣ֪֪Ӧô
һô˵ܻǹĸܣһζǿԼ  ʹҴҸ˹æʵõ磬ӶǴŰɡ
ˡٱһ
ҶˡЦÿĸ첲ǳԷɣҴ㿴ҵĿ
ˡϷ֣ܵ⣬һЦ˴ˣ˹˹ĵسԷ
ˡҲһЦԷԣ˹˹ģɡ
ٷԵùȻ˹ģٴˡ뿪֮ʱź˶ܲ顣
ֻǶڽ˵ȴù߹ʹվңſķ򣬳̾һ
ÿԭ£Ϊȴߵһ䲻
֮ʱӭλԵŵĹͣл١  
лһźŵİһţһҾЦ΢л٣μ
͵һЦл𣬲ܸϹҲǰãЦưģƵ˵лиʱŵصģ¿û
леЦǳĴƾ𷣡
ҿʲô˵Ц͵ĺãһء
лùϵİ˫ֵݸ˵Щ㲻ϺֻҵһЩҲҪԴˡ
Щɻ󣬽ӹһסˣһɫѾ˵Ů£֧ΣһС׹ؿл٣ʵʲô
Ҳ鵽׵ľɾӣЩǱҵġлٵҡҶڳʮĹׯҶѾûˣҲһ룬ҵȫֻЩʲôĻҸ٣רȥһˡ
лٲ֪㲢ԲŻǧټѰҶļˡǶС㣬аٸн
ȻȻֱĸףǰֵͯʱģôᣬôůӡһıˣҲӦȥׯܾеĸ׸ˡ
ȡױϻκͶ׹սȥлٵл㡣
֮䣬ллٿݸһЦ˵ҵǱУ
߸ϣͣӣһԵĸɫʯ񣬸һʢŵģһɫĴʯ񻨣лٵͷЦ⸮İǱ԰ŵģضĶõģûʲô͸㣬ȥЩʯ񻨣׺԰
ǰֵģȴǵڽһ԰ϵʯ񻨡ʲôãΨûʯ񻨣ôϡ
߼Щ趼һɫĹҤ̥״裬ɵЦЩ軨㲻Ǯɣ
ֵʲôлŵĺɰЦҸ٣нٺҲ൱ġ
Цһ԰Ứ߹ȥлٸһ̧ۿһƬ׳ӣѾɫСӣĺɫԽԵдУЩӣ˵Ҳʮ䣬ΪƵﻹܹҹˡ
ءˡұҴӦ˱£ӣˣ͸ۼӣңȨл
л΢΢һЦܺá
ҹĻĺʱлٻص仪ŵĹݣ̤һת˵ȥˣ
лҪ˵׺

 113 

лվſ, ɫ䵭Ĵˡ, ΢μ¡
ˡ˵Ժû޵㲻ȥ
лһ, תȴЩǡһǾһǳ, ȻּܿȻˡר, ֻ߲ͬɣ, ѵ޺øҪôлɹ̧ȥˡѵ¿ʹ˼
ǱԻȥ˵ˡߵлٸǰ, ؿһ, ŵƽ
л赭, Ȼˡཻ, ȴδִȻʱȴֱܲ, һЦŵȥׯ׵ľɾӣʳԡ
㲢ĸ, Ҳ档ˡ, ʵȥԻȥ֡
лһ, 㲢ĸΪʲôû˵ѵԼҲ֪ôסʵ֪㲻ĸôĸ˭
֪ˡһۣԻᰲ˲ˮʯ֣û޵㲻ȥ
Ҫ׼ֻǵҲȲлһЦǱµĳӣǿѣ֮ǰѵʿ˼ô
ˡ˵ȥ޲ټƽϣӽҪʧ˷ִ硣
ٶ˵ֱԽлȥߵſʱлֽ¡
ˡתͷͼл˵ϲܾϲ÷ֲС
ˡһۣš
仪ȥɫ˲
Ԫ󹬣Ϊ˴ƿǣʱȥߣǰлзƣȫ˭лȻסõȴֶΣĩʹԪ֮ʱûٱ䳰ȷŵùлٵƷУŲлٶ˼´Ӵ˳ͷһ̣ôҲβ
οڽʱлپӽӣףˡȷ֪ʱ᲻и
ʶƿͷ˴˷Ѿϰߣ׽ȻĵˡɾţٴΨνסʱ̴Լƿ֮Уܹ÷ġ
üֹ ˡԸ׵ȥ
ִ϶ƲֹǸ͸¶ٵˣҼֹ𾿾̫ˣ·㣬ǰֲ۵Сɫţܲ¶ۼذ¡
æӦˣڶʱȻҽڽл˼ֹⰲһԺźѾͷţʱʱϢعСǴˡ֪ߴӽҽӻϵڿסţŮñط꣬ոҪ׽֣ÿֻڸĥ
ֹգ˵ڸŪһյ԰˸ֲߣÿֻϵͷæµһҲټ
ˡֻҪЩϲˣʲôǿֲֻδ紵ɹЩ´ȥʱȰĸİòźá
ֻǲУű˵ټ
ﱻԪڹԶԼĹͻɣ֮ۿƾޱ䣬ּߵսͬۺѣǱԶ뿪ǣزӣԭԺ󶼲ٻ˭֪ߵ׻Ǵ䣬˽ؾۡ
ˡüЩ죬ǰҲͰˣݹأôֳ
С
߸һ˫ϸϸϴţżЦ˵񸾲μ
͵һЦͬ£תҪôȡЦҿҪڰڿļˣ
ôȻҪڵģһЦ磬ɲͼŭҡУ
ãҾѡӻ«һˣϽͰһڼȥ߿ϣЦûڼʱûЩ˵۸ʱҰѿȫ̶ϣһٹʰǸǸҪʹһ٣
˵ˣмһֱûл˵ˡ
߾Ѳֻʵôģʲôʱ£
ȥ£ƽ֮󣬵ԶضɽǲɢЩǣ֪ˣʬģǵˣҲ֪˭µ֡
һ޶˱뵽˴ˡ˵ĳ̫ɲ˴£Ӧɱˣ󻼣Ī֣
ţȴֲܶ˵ǸĿڵҳôãôҲңҪȵſò˵ԶͲҪ˰ɣ
Цҡҡͷȴ֣ʵգҲʲôԶʲôֻۣӣ֮䣬ԭҲЩףֻҪͷ˴žͺãģûʲô
̧üЦЦݣʲôͷҲֻˣҵҪ˭Ҹǰҽ죡
С§Ȱӣ˵´Ϊͬ㲻ΪģҲΪ룬ԺһʱдţǾͲҪټˡ
ˡüͷ
˵µԴˡҲǲͬǸˣ꣬ӣɥ֮һԶףѡдŸ㣬Ͳȥˡ
֪ΪԼãȻǸôҲȥһ·ߣҲ޷ԼԼ˹øЩǵõȨƣҪ룬ʲôȤζȻһЦһȥ
ܾԭΪ·㣬ǷΪŵģϲӶ¶棬Ҫ⿤ͷʲôã㲻Ȱȥˣ
֪ȰҲ棬ȻӵԶĹڴˡƬΣԽǸģʵ۵ƺҲ˵һΪĪˡҪӣܿⳡִźá
֮ʱƴǣֻҪȥס꣬ڿޣȰҲȰֻţĿĳߵÿˣ߻ظУǧذת 
ﲻޣȻҲΪۣ⣬ɴˡأ
ԶתǰĴ֣ת·ڣͼһһԶ̧һȴ룬ǿסֵŽ
ȻѾӷΪҾԶձʶͬڴˡ°£Ҳʾ֮صŵԶһֵ֣ܣĳ˴һ仰
ڳѾˣǽ̽ʵʲô
⣬ཻ
лҪ˵ϱСޡ

 114 

ԭΪĥ, ˭֪ڶһ, µź֪ԶȻҹ, ؼȥ, ߰˼⣬ȻѾߵԶ, Ҳ׷ȥ, ֻҰĵɻææд͹ȥϸʶꡣ
Ļ͵ʱ, ӣҲ˵һĨɫ, ߲ժӣңˡڵַ, ͷ, ̫Σա
ȻһЦǰڼʱӶ, ֱȥģʲô
ɣˡôҲܷ, ˵, ʲô˲Ĵ£һˤ㣬òʧ
ժһӣҵݵ, ЦˤҪˤ˻ʵ۱Ҫ
ˡſںסˣ˼㣬˵ȻҪ
ҧƽ۵Ƥˡȴ˿ãֻǿߵɡ
ȴֻվϿЦӯӯʵ𣿡
𡣡ˡ˼ش
˵ѡժһţЦԽȻ
Ȼ֪ӦЦˡȴһʶʵʲô˵ѣ
ӵӣһûʱôģǿӣңҧһСڣʱ˱ӣˡ
ˡ΢΢һЦֻҪժģôġ
ͷһȴҡͷҹҪ³ģֻΪ۽ܲ͸ĹӣһȫˣЩδģ͸ˣ״ƯζҲ𡣡
һ仰˴ˡԼ⣬æҿڳԷƫʳʳʵڲãѾŷһʳӴˣԺ;ŵϵĲɫҪϲˡ
ߵͷһӣңɴ˵Ҫ
ЩˡֻҪܳоͻÿ໰˵ϴιʱڲ԰ƹϼܣˡ̫̫̾ڲ԰ɹŪЦã˵˰ײסˡȻ֪ҲǺ⣬ȻһڹˣͻȻÿ¶Ҫΰ죬Ӧ
ӣҵζٴδˡһ˿ûĹʵеɬζӺȰʳƢθãûشţʵ֮
꣬˵أЦ֪ҳԷϰ߲ãǸ˵ҲҪһ㿴òãԺÿͷóһزˣ֪ҿٵúܣֻҪ˿϶˷ѣ϶ҪԵģһȻͻشţʵˡ
ˡ֪ô˵˳ԷʱȻҪʳģȰǸŷ̫ҽһģȫŵӳǸʡ£
Ҫ߻ЦҡͷҪÿʲô˵ģҲ̫ûȤˡ
ˡҪ˵ͼʰҴһ㺯˵£ŵˡ
лϲææӣûȵ󼸼Ѿʰң
ˡæǰֲֵʲôؽĴ£αżһˤˡ
ţһЦס˻ͷˤģбأ
ˡȻﻹڵ̫⻰ȴҲ̲סЦˣأأЩ©ǲôȫֻҪڣһһϡ
˳ָɵزǸ۳ŷ⣬һŷۼɵ뵽һҲΨһһյʱż۳˷ʤ𣬲СĸŪˣǷŲϲȴö빬Ƿţճϻ䱦һšν֣Լ˰ɡ
ˡյ߶ߣ˵пոдţôд
æſţͷҲ̧˵ʱҪл˵ˣҪдأ
̫𣿡ˡ˵Żϵ˲ﵽϣҲԶ׽裬֪ˣҾ͡
ˡֵײ˵ڣˡ޿κε˼㡣һ֮ǰ˵һŮ˵Ǿŵģ˭̶֪̼ºȻʦͨѧ˺ˣѧǨͣѧ˳ԴףڻȻĥӢۡ
ôңæſţֻ̧ͷһۣںҵĿǸӣϲ֪йء
ˡĲɵģֻ֪ǰ˾ں䣬ȻҲûзӣֻŵţܿͿˣˡһϲҪڣȴһҳͷü˵֣дʱʹΪʲôϴôżߣﻹû˵
ʲôҲû˵Ȼ糾ǸִġˡĲ⣬Ѿźˣȥׯ
֮ǰû£էȻţΪлٸѾлԼˣʱȥУ·æȥˡ
æҲȲ¹ؽˡЦ£ס˵ڳҰ£¾ҵĻ¡ߣҲóﱸˣȳ˷Ǿͳס
ʱҲȣ㿪ˡȴֻ˲ţᴵӦҡ
ĸо˲鲼߾ֽŶЩͼֹˣϻأǺú˵
ѾʮжĪ˵ңƽͷҲ껹δɻġеԽԽˡϤķӦ֪ʱҲԼһ㵹ʱĻϲæֵ˵ߣҵ̫ãӦҡ
ůģģ߲ȥ˼ʱķ²ܻĵġ΢΢۾˵ͷ
بϵĴʯأˡһϲҲ˲ⶼˣһֿסĺ󾱣ͷȥ
лдһ˿ֵס˵
ˡ֪ڵʱ׺ߣҲǿֻץִֻڴߣȥҲͣ
Ĵ˳ֱۣ쬵شϣأĵҲûûֻõ࣬׳ࡣԽԽֻǽһһµش͵˵𡣡
ˡĺҲˣβһȴţʼղſ
˸⣬ӣϲ֪ʲôʱһӣңٿһӵˣߴߴؽ
մˡع֮󣬱͸ѡĻƵգɴ֮񡣹ɥ֮УȻϲҲȻʵδ飬ãʱ׼ŶвϲģʱææسﱸϢ˳ƵģڸŹдˡ
Լȥׯʱһʰֻͣȴˡɢ֮һȴʰ߹˫ַһӢ˴˵˵ǰݻῤ
֪Ӣûʲô飬ϴʱǰϢ뷨ȥ˵˵ղÿգ췽ʱټɡ
䣬Ѿͷ˵Ӣ˴ŸĴСˣѾǰ
żô߷΢΢һЦˣ㲻Ҳüһˡ                        
лҪ˵С޵һȻʹٺ

 115 

ӭʱ, ϴų񻪸պҲ, ˴һ棬ֹ̾, ЦŹ, ŹТͷõ߶һֱϵ, ôҲùһ, ԸյӾ͸ܹʵðˡ
ԭڹʱҲ, ֻǴ˵, ӹ֮󣬷͹Ǩ, ȴҲ߶, ôżˡĻ£벻ʲôԭ
ٿϵͨµĴ, ȻȾеĹҲʲôЩɷɫȴȲĹ, üĿ֮һֽٵɫ, ǴˡеͣӢӴԼǲ̫ù
ֻǣ, ǴҪ׽Ϊ㣬бĿģ
ɷţֻЦ˵̫ˣԭȥ˲ǣֻ½Ű¶û·һֱҵҲû񣬷ͷһˣʵǲ
ϼ˵ÿϲ¶ϲɫæ˵ﻰǰοʱҾأҲſæû롣
һ˵ţһְѸĳǰ񻪣
߸æҲͷһôⶼ໥߼ȻɫЩӲһ˫۾ȴģʲô˼ˣһЦ񻪴żֱŤҲЦˣ񻪼
ڱϿţǸпģ˵ڼʱ˵ƷòôˣŵҲ񻪴ǰʱԶԶƼһأֻûܹ˵ϻҲźظʲôƵģͰҲˣ߶£ƽʱ߶߶˴Ҳ
ôһ˵ߵƷˣҪΪ˳񻪡
ȻôţȻź˶ǴӹģϢͨʰЩ˻һ˽ʲôⲻҪһȥ߶Ҳ֪Щк;еĶ򣬱еģǴˡ¡
ɥڼȻ¶÷£ˡͷҲȢˣȻԼ֪ʺλôˡˣֲֹһŮˣԾеĸŴУв˶ŵĶ֮λѾ˽˵֮Ӧ̰ѡ㣬ЩΪʼãŮŵѡҪӢŮ̫лӯӯ
Цſ۳񻪣ϱȻ˵˴ˡѾ»£ԲŴų񻪹̽̽˳ǰύһ֣˵ֻ²飬ǽɡ
񻪱ôһĿʶض㿪ˣȴַɿƻηؿߣ°ҲԾ̧Щ뵽֮ǰ淽Ͻ״ʱΣҲм˽⣬ֻһЦȥһһ˵˺ʹѵһˣԭӦǺú˵˵ٱ㷹ģֻǽЩɣǰѾԼˣҪһһˣʱ䣬ֻ±¾Ϳˡ
ϸո£ôһ˵бһ˿ʧȴֻϲ˵ҲҪǿǸϵˣ
ʵºͿҪȥǷĻһȥ
δ䣬Ѿĸף뿤У˵Ը棿ĸ׿˵ˡ
΢΢һЦγȥΪЩ˽¡
˵ϣҲ֪УԼŮۿҲȥĿڵ˵˳죬һʱûȫÿЦˡ  
ֻЦЩȥСѵĸףȻҪҪôȸǰɣ 
ϻûüشźС̫ˣµĳѾֿˡ
æϴų񻪣ҲҴææߣߵʱˡű߽˵ЩѲһõˡ
Ц˵ҲӢ˺ʹ˵ء
ڱţﶼЩԾ˵ʵֿʮǣȻ۵ü֪ԭ洫˵ĸǣĲ˵ʵ´ɫ˵Ǽʱ
Լĳ㣬ЩģֻĬĬŴˡ񣬳񻪵ͷ棬ȻȻʧǹӲľͷȴԽ  ˡ
ˡ·Ѿ˵ϴų񻪵ŵ£ʱϵƽ
ٵʱ䣬ֱ˵Լ˴ֿǣûʲôҪ£͸ɡ
ûʲôҪ£ֻ˵ףȻҶ죬æ͸ˡ
á
ˡٶ˵ֻߣ߱ϵˣնŰ
ҵҵϿţæ˳񻪸ǣ
񻪸ĸף⻹û߳ˡº͵㻻·ɣµطӣײ㡣
Ц̫ˣҴߣҾ³أʲôײ
Ǵˡ´ֻһͺá
񻪲ˣǰ߸ߵżû⵽һȥһӣ÷ϷһѲվסææ˳֮󣬱۾ʱɬ˼㡣
鷿Уˡʻʱһ޵֮⣬ʱˣĩַȥŵʱΣ֪ٴҹߡΪӵĴ˭֪쿴ˣ֪㡣
һǿִʱҲ·Ͽ׷ʣæƫȥĨˣ˶
ӳķؿţһʱûΣֻ˵ͷˣһʧȻʧȻΪʲôЩ˹˼Ǹ
ѹ˼㣬ȴǿ񣬰οϵѾҲˣұҲ˵˹ĸҲÿЩĵźá
ص̾Ҳ뿴Щһصͷģôÿ񻪰˶ס㿴֪ˣԺ˹Ҳ̫ʵۣһζֻű£㿴ΡͷҪ˱ˣԭ䷢ޣʲôϼףá
񻪲ûסᣬ׻סˣ˵Ҳͷȥֻߣһ˼ֻͶ빬ҲŮôƫģ
ǰһһ㣬ס̾˵ѣһ޵ķģѾһͷĹŮٲһͷ
ǵĳߵһ죬ʶشһͼʻһ۵ĺƽͷʹŵˣȴǰڼ࣬񻪱֪ˡͬһӳģԽɽѹ֡  
͵͵ߵΣǱҲշ³Цˡ˵ѵʹ˺ö˶˵ΪʲôͻȻܹ
˵£ùܡˡ͵͵ЦţͻȻȦס֫ұɡ
лҪ˵СޣһԲϾռˡ

 116 

ƽƽ̹̹, ƽͷȴͻȻ˼, 򲢲ϸڵĶԽ۹۱Ǳǹ, ϸƥٶ, ó˳ˣΧڼŮȴԼͬɢЩ, Ŀб, Ǳһۡ
ˡԸԳؽƾܵ˱ϥϣͷҧĶ, ˵, Ҫˡ
, 乿ǿı۰, ֮ǿҵϢ߾Լδȵ, ȣϢȴģõԼ, Ҳõˡĺ, ڼżͻȻͣĽĽ࣬ؾںһ
ͷһʱһʱͿ, һʱԶһʱ߽˽ϵһҶСۣˮ㣬߼ʣ̽ףֿն˳ԣ˳ˮƯţ֪ȥδ  
ˡĴ˳Ķһܣһ£ǰδеģڳԣֲҲԣԽĵţţִѵȻ޴棬ʱֻ볹Уֻʣһˡ  
ǱɼУӶᣬκ˰ϯߣҪƿȻˡֻεѹס֣˵øЩÿһ˿˿ۡ  
Щˣδй߳뺦£һɲǼǰͻȻǼܻζݣ־֮ŬҪԼСĵطӿһУȻˡ㣬ֻǿԽԽӭھм˵ſſң 
ˡȻϾᣬͷҪʵö࣬ʱֻֻ̰жԻŮ˵ıص֮⣬ģһ˵ģȻǲѱʵˣֻȡֻ
ֻŵ˼㣬˪Сҧ§סıȫȥһֹֻһ֮䣬סĶ
ˡͻȻһ飬ס͵͵غһ漴ջȫȻͬ飬Ҫӭϣǽƻһգ֮䣬֣Ȼоͬ١
ˣȴɳ߲һһĴת͵͵ЦŪţֱǿ˱۾΢΢ſƾϷŪջ󣬿־ͬ˳ʧ٣һ̣ס
ԭǰõĵ
Цţȵָߣˡļһһ٣Ѿȫȥɿ̽ڣسˡ
̵ļͻȻˡٿ۾ɲ
߳ƴϥϻȥһֻŲŵذ壬ӳǰѹЦ͹ĺȥ
ͻȻֹˣˡʶر۾ȴһжͻȻһᣬ漴ЦҪȥˣԼɣ
ˡһܵȥץֻüץסȹǵһ㣬ȻܲˣˢһĹէȻˡ΢΢ۣŹ⿴һЦָָԼڡ
ˡĿһǰ½󿪣¶£һСƬԭʱ·Ǵ˼
Щ΢΢գȻʢˡ֪¹ڲ׷ȥֻ÷ſ֣Ц˦³򳵷ͣ
һȫѾȹһԾ£ʿң
ʿȻΥ֣æ߷ԾϣûֱˡѾ˳ü˵ϳ  
Ƭ̹Ѿ۵ʵʵ·ҲѾʰֿ졣ȻһЦͷ̫ƣ
ˡȻ֪ΪʲôȻͷ¶ر˿ȥܴӦģǱ
ԼҲòļˡ߲ټ֣һԾʱˡһ˲ʱĶҡôˣһΣƤϳˣȻȴڴʱգգۣϷԡ
ˡǺǺЦҲֻóͷȥϡ  
߶ˡס˿ڳǰȵģҲȵģɺᴦǹĵطȴ쬵ģͺǱ죬ʱȻһ㡣
ˡʶشĿȥڴѾ۵ʵѲƺԶģȻԽˣԽǰ֣ʱŻԸ˿ָֻ䣿
Ҳ֪ȫȻ֮ʱζ
ɲŴˡϢ߱ڰϸĳϣǰȥһʱЩֽ  
Ǳˣö׽е־壬еŹˣһΣ´һġ
εµĳŲˮ͵ģһӣţƽЦ⡣
ԭֻܲ׶䣬Ҳܲףԭǿ˵ģҲе͵͵شϢű۾ΪΪʱˣǽò
ôԺҪ󵨸ضܰԵġ
֮󣬳ϵ˹ׯ߻ûü³ˡѾֽ̽ڻſһ顣
׵ɴñܴס˰ӣЩЦűɴ͸ľγߣ˵ˣҲҪ
ֻһˡźˣ˵ҪЩʻЩ
Ҿѽߵڣζ˵¸òƲ˰ɣ
Ȼż·ĵطȴ̷֮ǰ컵һĻĻѸٴǰˡʶصͷЩƣ֣֪˵Ĳ˼
ʲô˼ЦЦţͻȻֳ飬Ž΢΢˺촽ҲҪˬˬĲֲ˿
ˡҲֻýˣҲ㱻ɵ˿
߳ӣһɰİ뻡˵
תߣˡεؽ鶪سϣûڣѾסս²ǿҵǲǣ
ˡһ£Ҫ˵ʱѾſЦҾ֪ͨˡ  
ǲͨˣˡ˵ԽԽˡ
ȴҲϣֻͷЦЦطʵǱ¹ߵģ
һ£ˡͻȻˡ                        

 117 

ׯ, ׯеǴ׳, ߸Ŵˡһ·߹ֻõ, ǵû, µطļһ˿ҲɵʵǲǱ˹峡, ôһ˶ 
û峡ˡ, ˴ԭмʮ˼ңʮǰ󺵣ׯˮĺӸ, ˶һ, һ룬ֻʣ˼ҡ
ָ˱ϵ, ЩԭźӵԵ, ûкӣֻʣˡ
˳ָķһȻм仹кӵۼ, ǲʱȥǵģ
֣ȫֻʣһͬׯһջƵĺ, ҲǼû, һٺнܵʱǺɽʧˤ, ﲻòӪ汻ӽܵˡԶЩˮֻĶ߽࣬Ҳ̫ƽյίʵЩеССľ׼ײΨһһʲôԶİ취źá
Ȼ˵ʵÿֻĳ͢ҲǮϧһһƤ󵽰Ͳʣʲôˡ
ˡ΢΢ü˼˵鴦ϰʱҾ¸źáֵĹһ̰ҲܣҪģ뷨̰٣ðõࡣ
˵ʱѾߵһСԺԺдȴͷ´̴Ѿɨɾ˸ݣߵϴɾ棬ٳʱ˶Ѿںˣһɫþ߶ǹĶɾڻĴ֮УҲ൱ʢˡ
ֻߵЩȥʻϸֻ˼ڱҪߣˡһסæȰѷúóꡣ
ЦѾˡ
ˡҲûԷƽķһֹ
ҽ˹ˣʳôЦ֣³԰ɣȹȥ
Ҹһ𡣡ˡ˵ֻ÷֮̾˵ʲô㶼أҲ֪ʲôʱЩ
ֲСˣΪʲôҪһԼҲһţЦ±ˣùҡ
ˡΣ֮£ֻ΢΢ҡͷѽ
Ҳֻǳǿ⣬ȥѰľɾӣȥ˴嶫ͷķңȥɽµңֻѾưܲ˿ҲκõׯʱģҲǲɵ£ҪϢȴһҲûС
Ȼ׼Ȼչ黹Щʧµµػسǣˡ鲻ѣҲûֻʱڳ߸ţصʱ³οȻûҪģѾҵ˵ҽӣţӾϢˡ
ҡͷʵԼҲǻǸӡֻû뵽ȻǣȴԽŪԼ˭ˡ
ֻҪҵŮҲһоӭж⡣ˡԭӣֻҵм϶ǰû⵽飬ϧϲ̵˶ѾµЩǲµģʲôҲ֪˼Ǹ׵͸Ҳ˴ֻһһͷҡ
һ仰ߣ˵ϸͬʱҲз̵˰ɣˣլź򣬻߿϶̵Ѿߣ߿ˡ
ǾȥҡˡЯ̤żڣһЦļ¶ʮܸ꣬ǵʱһꡢһꡣ
һ£Ȼ֪˵ʲôȻȴƬ̵Ŀհףµڣа˸µʱ䣬ѵľҪ޸ӴȦЩŮһһ
̧ͷŴˡǰδеĲȷ˺ܶ࣬ȻżؿȥʱȻܷеľ裬ʱ´ؿȴǽŵģƴޣЩ޶˵Ľ䱸ԶһģɣȻȫΡ
ǷˮɣǶǴ
ˡԭΪῴɬģֻĲЩɻЩţæʵ㲻𣿡
ûСһЦ˵ֻû뵽ô졣
ˡ԰һЩȴͻȻƼȹУϡָܿصȹϣʳָָֻʳָϦǰͬ˵ʱҲʶ
ǵ㵭ǺͽͻȻͷŴˣʲôѾӦ˼ΪʲôѵϴӦˣȴбĴ㣿
ˡʶסӦҵģڡ
˵ˣЦֻǾʱе̫ˣǻТҲŸ
ˡȥ֣ͼȹϣԷģȥʱǹ㣬֮飬ضҲиùޡ
޵ˣڵá
ˡһʯأӵסǰδеƽ
˺߷ȥ£ԽԽûаգڼסһֱûȥϣԸΣһȥˡ
սΣѾǰЦĸ첲ǸĵѾͷôҲң
ߴɫüĿչȻúܲҲȻһЦⲻĸҲǵģһͽңҲӣ
ЦԽ죬ԼԺȥ˵빬֮󽭼ҵΣһӣ˴ţγȻסˣϺͽ˿֪˽ΪȳΪԷ
߲ЩпǰܾùγƢû㣬ʵڲֵһᣬȻڹγΪסܲϧһôǰˣ뵽γһı࣬һΪŸĸһΪɷҲ컯ŪˣɲԼ  
ûע⵽ڻϲϲ˵  ܶǸТ˳ģãȻЩӦ٣ִһ룬Ҳˡ 
ʵԺЩˣôˣ
¸ׯϣѾˣڼźľˣЦ˵Ψգ벻һԼڳǶһӣ˵úܣҲ֪ıǮ
գ
ǰû׵ĵطͻȻ˳ˣԭ


 118 

ʱ, ǰ, ϸϸʼսܶ¶, ʵ²ڼ𣿡
˹ʱ, ͻȻ˵м³ȥˡҡͷ˵⺢ǵ, ʲôҪҲȲؼѽ, һ˵
֮ǰߴԼҲͷŹȥ, Ȼ֮ǰոȷ, ҲǴˡµĶĿʱ߲뵽, Ҳܲм³ȥ, ǲҼ
뵽ϴνܵʱˡӦôǿңҲֹҪҪ, ҲǱ߶Խɵӣôؼҵʱܳȥ, ܶ
ϵ, ʲôҲ˵ֻµ˵ЦǣϽλظ·, ۾ϸϸһ룬ЩֹŹֵļͻȻ˳ÿһǡǡõģȫˡ
л˵ҪȥׯȴǴˡȥˣ˵õڶ컹Ҫ̻ȴͻȻҹˣ֮ǰôżҪԷΣȴһҲûθؼҶ˳ȥ
˴ˡ˭
Ժһ۵նţ϶Ҳܣ¼ֹعȥˣһһɶڴˡļ֮¡
ֻǣûô
߱۾һεЦԭֲĸо֮ǰѹȥǣԭʱ̴ŵĽ䱸Ƿ˳⡣
ԭ׽Ѿ̸ۼޣͷǵʡիﻥֻ䱸
ܾôͿؼˡ
ȥţߴԸ
лٵϢʱһЦлòʱֻ÷ƽһ˲ʱţﻶϲ˼㣬ˡ
Ϊ£ЦţС˵
лһ󾯾ȴװ׵ģ˵ʲô
Ȼ˵ȴˣͷһЦЦ˵֪ˡ
˽Σµ˵Ҫ£鷳ͨһ¡
Ȼɫ糣лȴֱЩǵؿֱӽȥͺã·ԸʲôʱֻҪһɷС
Ц£ĵ˵ŵùҡ
ٶ˵ңֻȥлЩģæʱͼ۲ת㲻ø
лٹ˵赭дҲţһ
Ͳ¿ּ𣿡Ц˵
лٴʱѾȷ˴ˡ˽µֵæ֮¾ϺȫʱҷһŻܸЩ
˵ǰ߻һֲȷʱѾȷɣлûٵţһǴˡ˵Щ£Щ˵˺á
ͣסӣһЦȥɣһˡ
лֻͣĿıӰʧڹԶ̾˿
ǲ̫׷֣ˡȴǲòϷ֣βأŮ֮飬Զû𰸡
ˡڵ뼸׽ĳֵĳȻ˵ˣһϲЩΪʲôͻȻˣǷԸ飬Լææӭȥߵ仪ʱվ̸ǰͷŻһ俪ֵҩ£ˡûǰȥʲô£
ҵԷ߰ɣ߶㿪һڴĴɫҩУתԷķȥ
ˡߵ̰ڰ֣æ˿ˡ߽ͬУʵôˣ
̸ʱôҵģǶҩһһ³Ž۵Ļ꣬ʵ
ˡ͸⣬ôͻȻЩ
ûʲô֪벽̧ձߵĺÿ죬ҼΡ
ˡΣƣס֣ΣҵĹ˺㣬԰֣
΢΢һЦǻӻΧˮйͨģôģ
Ұµ֣ˡѰ϶һ˲ѣֻϧҵְλ̫ͣûЩ֪˵ļƻܾˡ
ȻĶĿҪȷһʧҪһжƿ֮Уô
ת·ڣ̧۾ͼӵ֧Ѷߵ«έѳɫ԰ӳݵˡǰߣ߶̤Ϲӵţȥݰɡ
ϸϸˣŽ̵ĺˮĻ޵ĺɫˮϣ̿ˣĺɫɫϣ϶͸̵˻
ˡʱǶ仨˳ˮƯŵף߿һۣЩš
յЩ죬Ϊʲô
ҪʱϿ֨֨Ѿȹš
ˡæʵôͻȻҪ
ľ˵߻ͷһЦվס˽Ų£𣿡
ˡ̧üȻɫڵ˵ͷ
ƭֻ˽ϵøЩϵ벻ʱٸ
¿ߵ
ˡҡҡͷݲֻͬǲΪۡ
ҲںЦ£
ںˡǰһ뻳Уֲ֪ͬһ취һʵݣ£ûԶЩ
߶㿪ҡҡͷ
Ŵˡ˵ҲΪ˵۶Զںˡ
ֻʱһܣˡĽ͵ҪԶ
¼Ȼʲô¶ָƣȻҲ֪ߵŮǿмĸף˶糾Ůӣɷ糾ŮӣҲѪˡ
ЩˡȻ֪ģŵҵȷ֮ģ֪Ʒж˷ߣҲ㣬ǿ㱻ۡ
һΪƲ̫ԲĪˡ 
ˡɫЩɶæǰҪӵȴһζ㿪ˣµڻôҲϲκǱҲС
ȫΪáͷͬһ̣ˡţ˵̫ЩδõұΪ࿼Щ
أЦҡͷ˵ѵΪԭ򣬲Ų׼лٺͽ𣿡
Ȼȫ֪ˣ˭ģˡǶ֮ģҶ֪ȻҪףҲϣʲô𡣡
أЦǲ޸£ӽʲô˶Ҫȵõµ׼У
ˡеĳǸԽˣ˭ǰ˷ֺȴ϶顣
ˡӲǵء
ǰգǼֹ˭ЦЦؿ˵Ļȴ˿棬˵ˣԭҲصȥ˵°µͰҵȫȥˡ
Ȼʲô֪ˡ֪ڴˣһ˳
ʹ֣ȴϰݣˮٵķЦٻ£Ҳˡ
лҪ˵С޵Ŀڱòƽˣٺ

 119 

ˡ֮ǰ, ͷе, 
߽ʱڼ, ̧ͷ, ЦʵѵҪһ𣿡
ʱݣڲϼ, ˡôȰҲȰס, 鼱֮±㽫ǿڹУ侲ʱǰûϧ, Ƕͷе, ֻϽȻһ,   ȫԼҪĽ, ˡĵļͬͷһˮһ㣬ߵǰſ˵Ҳû׼һֱ㡣
ô, ߽֦込һţ֣Ҫȥˡ
ˡһס, ˵ڲ, ﶼԹңʱƫģ, ƽ͵ʱٺú˵
ѵƽ𣿡ЦҸûУһֱںúø˵
ˡʱЩʲô¶ЦóԽ֣ԵͬһЦս֣Ű⣬˵ʶѾãҲǲ˽㣬Ʃʱ϶Թޣֺαװ£ҲǱˣҲǲˣôΪʲôܸңѵôֻӸһ˿κλ᣿
ɫӶؿƽȴȼһ߲ĺ⣬Ҳİ⣬ܿ͸⣬Ҳܿαװ˵עһ˫
Ϊʲôòˣ  
Ϊʲôˡͬʱʳһ䣬ΪʲôҪߵһ
һɲǼӿ߼ҪӵȻίԹҲͬʱЩԥЩ֣̿ڴʱӹԺ˵ƿأ˵γˣǶѡ̫ѶԸˣǶУҪԷ̶ȱԼȷŲ£ܲá  
۾ţЦȴԽģ˵ʲôʱòҪĽʱǿҲͲһˡ  
˵Ҹôˡֲ̧ȥ۽ǵʪ⣬ߣʵʵ˵֮ǰûǿ㣬ʱǲѾˣ
˽ЦţӿôҲֹס
ޡˡԽԽۣҵָȵᣬһ㣬иӿû˷ӣֻýǰǰɫϸܿʪһƬյأҲմˮʪ⣬  
ˡп˼㣬ķĵ˵ΪʲôǲܺúõģΪʲô㲻˳ҵ⣿
ôƿֲ̧ᣬһ˳ҵ𣿡
ԶڴߵЦʧˣڴʱαװչʾʵԼ
ˡ˫üòŵҪҵޣҳﻮãľ̽һԼЩ룬򸸻ҪȢ㣬ڽϷѾȴŻ빬ϢҹǧֻΪ⣬㲻ߣȻ㲻ԸȴҲ֮֡ʱлΪϷҹͬһȻʮ̣ȴδԹ㡣ҹΪӣȢ㣬ֻһʥּӲҴǿһֱ㣬ֱ׿ڴʡԲѱ֪֮ΪԼԸ㲻ڹһǷȥ˿ߣ֪ҶĶ࣬㲻죬ߣѵĴò
һʱЩϸϸûжãӺ˵Ѿܿɹ󣬿ǣЩҪѵĲӦãѵټˣκݲƵ֮
ˡԥæס֣ҴˣҲ˼㣬ԺҲһأǸһԺúõһ𣬺òã
ôԺټ𣿡ʵ
ˡԥһ²ŵԶϵУĲŸɱȻܹܿǨʱھǼҲٺܶࡣ
Զأ߽׷ᣬǲǾͲܼ
ˡƿĿ⣬һʱ֪λش  
һ˿ʧֵôһܼлٺͽ𣿻ɵˣһܼ𣿡
ڵݣûʲôؼɵˡˡαΪ޹ؽҪСִ
ܼ벻¡˵
ʵ˵һǽһ˲á
ˡüͷԽԽż˵ѵҪ˲У
ôأҡҡͷ˵ǰԷг񻪣ЩΪ㶼Ѿҵͷˣ˵Ұ¶ڶ֮ѡֻиŮˣҸԴ
ˡδ뵽ȻЩǣһʱмϲ̱ǲҲͲˣ
һ£ҡҡͷ¡
ҿʲôͬˡ˵ҲֻҪһҲֻһΣ
ڴ֮ǰûЩ£ңԺ˾ռߵΣӲʲôףȻʱһ˵ȴͻȻԼδ⡣
ҪģʼնֻһֺαŪôŮڹ˵ΪƽȻʵӾͰֻҪƫƽͻᱻƣӲ϶ƫֻᰮһ˵Ϊãֲǲ㲻֮ҲܱһҲûִ̫
׳̫ˣȻԽԽף˲á
ⲻһ¡
ΪжϵֻҪģͲҲսʧȥ
ˡеؿеŴ³Ǹ֣Ȼʧˣҡͷԥ˵ⲻһ¡
ˡʧ˼㣬˵ġ
ˡŵģڵңǺЩĿŮˡָ̧ģҿ϶ڣҲڡ
ҿʲôɺڵġˡ˵ЦΪ㣬Ҳˡ
ɿֻ絶ʣίʵĺġٴȥֻԼԽʹͷҲص߳ȥԶԶ˵Щɡ
һߣһֱǿ̵ڶϲȥʱûе͸򿪵Ĵڰϣڴǰֱ߰һ÷ĹУһƺ觱ʱ΢΢һЦ𣿡
ȻһˡϦ֮ʱ¼ҲԼѾֻ֯һͷȥ  
߽ˣ£ùеľƱȡ
лҪ˵ʵСǰ߲ʵԼϴȻ㶼ãǰƹԼеģֻϴ޿Ʋ˵ƶѡһ棬ֻչ¶׽ǰС˵ˣˡ

 120 

͸觱ϲһ˿˿·, оҺˮ, ˡڴߣһ
, һһ, 󻯳һȣˡ, ǳ, ܿ;Щ΢ζתߣҵľơ
Ҳ, , ȴ޷ƿء
һЦʱ, ˳ˡ
, ҪƣˡƱһ˵, Ҫǲǣ
㿴ôϣôӵõߵ
ֻҪܳȥ泩ͨ衣ˡ֪˵, Ȼվ˵˿, иŽʱ, 
´ңǷġȻѾл˵Ȼˡ֮˵߻Щݡ
סֻ֣Ʊ͵Լǰɷ˵ˣ͵ߣ¸ҲҺȣ
ȡˡȴ͵ߣУòʲôҩɣ
зŪʲôҩضԥԸǺġ
еĻѾȹˣҲˡߴҴЦЦˣ
ʲôµģˡһЦ΢΢б˾Ʊ촽ߣҩҲܾ㣬һ
ӲᰲţȻѾصõˮ©ܻҵᣬɱһ·
ΣҪץӡ
͵һЦ̧֣һã¡
Ʊˣ˼粢֣һһţ޼䣬ȴֽš
ⷺˡԾüģӦҾʱ룬¸ô죬»֮ʱʲô⾰
΢΢Цţ۽§ڻУ˵ʱ򻹻룬ǱӦôԡ
ȵģģߵ͵Цţ§סĲӣÿԼҧסĶ
ž⣬ӵ죬ˡ̾Ϣ˵ˣʲôƣ
벻ھͺȺƣݣһһҧţ˵
áˡ͵һЦԹƣҵˣӽҪʲô޵Ļ
һҧ漴ɿҡͷ˵ǿɲһ
ȡһֻݵãֽǰֻƱţСĵֱ۽֪ĺôԣʱҼڰϲʱģ
ˡֻǿԼеľƱ뷽ֻһģһѵȻĶģˡЦ£ҩֻƱ
ĲǸٹ̡ҡͷùֻƱְԼĸܸ÷˰ɣ
ġˡĿľƱڣⱭˡ
鷳ģ߽ţֽ̧ԼеˣһֻסľƱشչȥҲˣ̧ͷһЦ¾ͷ˰ɣ
Ҳû˵ȣˡҪûסȻʧԭһȵġ
룬ȻǺϻβɣһοԼĺƣҲûȵ
ôأ߹Ĳشչ촽ȥ
ݽ䣬ڿеľҺһ㲸Уˡ§ѸٱǸ̰ؾȡţѲ˳ķ϶쵽䣬˼¡
ˡһɣ߳ûˣ̧ɢҵ޷΢΢Ϣ˵Ǻ˰ɣ
Խأˡ§˵Щˣ㻹š
ҲòЦЦظգֻʵģˡ
ѾȹˣˡססԼӴ˿ǾǷޡ
̧ü˵ô᣿һƶѡ
Ļǰȥձ˵ֻҪһگܱҼޣʵ˵ˣҲޣ¸ûа취
ˡţæվ§ڻУʵҪȥ
Ȼһگ飬̧ۿ˵ڿţҪȡ¡
ˡһܵؾòãԥؾܾˣȥҲ뿴
ˡ߽֣ɫЩ£˵˵
ͷȻ󣬴ˡڵͷһȥá
֮ʱ´򿪣ʻŶŲֿȥ
߽ƿһϸ죬ɫҲµĳӰɣ
ҹӷ϶до֮ҹһվЩˡ뵽ӦҲ䣬Լ£ϣҾǹء
ݸһЦ̧ϵ´л¡
³һ·û˵
գ֮Ѿˡ˳ǲȥͨʱǰƻԻͣϵǰӭˡƽ
ߣֵ°ɣ뿤лҪ˵
˺ܿɢ߷סˡЦگԷ
ˡԼԷȥźˣų̀ŵϣЦ΢һȣȥȡ
ܿ뿪ԷԼˡǰ̨شϨ  
Ѿۣûд㣬ԭΪ⣬ڿҲ⣬Ͼĵطȹз㼸ֹ
ӿϵĽŲǶᵽһ޵㣬ȴϵͬˡʶһżӳ⣬һ¯̡
ˡվЩȴڴʱһľ߹˵ģⱲֻһ˺ȡ
ˡԣֽȴЩʹͼһ߽ˣ¯ߵ£ɫ᣺ˡŹңҲŹԼɡ
д棬ƤȴԽԽֻ˵øˣϤŮֻڱǶˣ촽ıһǣ˯ɡ
ˡһ˿ε뵽֪֯һͷ˽ȥⱲӣǱԵġ
ǰ˼ĺģˡ˯ˡ
ҹˡȻ֮ʱۿֽɫʱһˣضѾߵԶˣ
˲࣬ҪȥңƿʱһźȻ£ˡæʰ𣬾ͼһĵС֣᷿Ѱҡ
ˡһϲЦûߣȻûߣ
æųȥŵ˵ū澴ȥ᷿
ˡһʯͷأ߹ȥʱ᷿ſţ߲棬һŷżĴɹޣʱõۼӣңˡĳȥʵأ
ū澲֪澵
ˡȴڴʱֱһӵ¶һǣæקʱһ֣᷿
ˡŰɣź㼱᷿ȥϷϻӣʱһװ·һװЬߴʽǸģˡ˲ϸȥЬһСֽԷ
ˡæֱȥǰСϷҹŵľᣬɫĵϤʥּûƭȵ۵ȷگ
ˡȴϴ򿪣ֻܾҪͻһϣ
ȴڴʱĿƳһź㣺ˡ

 121 

ʱϵߵ, Ϊ, Źеƣز, ֻÿŷ, ʱ䣬Ѿĸʱȥ, ҹ߲, Ҫ׷϶Ҳ׷û
ǵĹٵС·еĲ;Ѱ, ˡĿοļ, ֿ󲻵þ, ̻ޡ
Щ²ܴ, Ψһˡ
롢׿˳ȥ֣лڱϿ, ̲סȰ£ʱ׷ȥ
ˡؿһ, лȻǿҵĵ, ȴ˵ȥϲܾʱһҲá
ˡ, ȥߴлٵƩɳյԽԽղס
ȻȻʱлٿ˵ԽóؿЦһʱʧ䡢ŭмŲʣֻδ䵽Ǳľء
ʱȿʰ¹ţˡЦһʵôߣ
ʰͷ˵ū澵ļ˶ھУū澸硣 
úúãѾͷҳԼ֪飬һ۾Ǩŭ޹֮ˣ
ˡֻһ絶ۣͷǹ֮ԽԽѹס뱻˿ԼǱ¿첽̤ĿŬźǿǹѹȥ
𶯣ʻȥԾɷǾگǲ
бκʱҵ׷ȥֻҪگڣԼǲ
õگȴһֱصſóڹ᲻Ըʧˣԥ
ôõշתࡢ̹ģԥãǸЦ
ʹԺˡǿеľᣬոչʱһѪƵỨǵѪɫˡ˴޵壺ֿ߻֮ƾκ˲ø档
ѪɫѸٰȥɰ죬ˡһһؿ̶ֿ̼֣ĩβ˶ѺŵһƬš
ԭеˣ֪ɲˡ
ʻţΧ˶˴ˡ䵭ȥȵ
һ죬ˡһֱڷȵ޵ǰˮδҹʱҲ˽ֵڵ⣬ȴҽȥȰֻðǧҪ¡
ʱ֣˯ͻȻһ춯æ۾վֱˣˡ߳յģֻܾƽʱһˣﲻһȴ˵æӭǰȥʵǷҪЩʳ
ȥɡˡ
ƽŷȴڴʱͼҴ£ȥ·Ϸ˿ټǷ̰ųǰȥ
ءˡ˵֪׿ֶ׷ˡ
ԸⱻţȥɣѾŹԼҲ÷ŹԼˡ
ڻߵһ
𣬴ˡδ׷ߵ䣬ʰ䣬ҲŹУ³ﱸһĴ֮ͻȻãֿȻûˣǰһÿɨӣҳʱصժһ͵ǰֻһֱڶ죬ӣɰذڰϣһҲ֪ˡĲԸˣ֮ûÿͶ
һ쵽ʱҵܹܣҴֿݣҪҪ£
ԼҲԲ׼Ȳ˵ĩ˿ˡһ䣬ˡԭۣ˻ʱãɰһϣȲ˵ҲֻǳؿǰİֽҪ͸ֽſƵģΣվ˵˼ͷҪʱʱˡЩߵϢ˴ȥ˹ޣָĵȥʯͷ֪䣬߾ǰѽңңһ顣
ʱգˡʱμһͬŴ˳ŽϵĴˮĿĵĴεʱǰ£ȴֻʣꡣˣҪȴ֮ѡ
˺棬νˣμҲԽԽģ˶ճʱ򣬴ˡȻ뵽Ѿ²μˡ
Լķˡ
ԸҪĽ

չۼѿʱͨǵĹٵϣһͱڳͻȻͣסһ¾εŮȹŵߴ֦¼ֲһҰϳݶϣЦߵ˵Ҹһɡ
ߡ
ϵһģɫȵ«ʱ࣬ʱЦŴСӶˣôŪǸ
֦˳ָ·ţܿ˻ְѸɫҰһ䰲ȥЦߵ̫Ҳûɴ༸ĸˡ
ϵǵҪˣæ˵˳ֱҲüɲĸ
һЦҶأô᣿
գۼһѱãҶţֵ˵ҪҪȥ̫̫
뾩ȥϣԭҲ֪ˡǶگϷ֣߲򽭼Լ٣ǰͻȻյγţȻ˵ԷܿǻŮҪؾ飬߳һʰˣձϵǸϡ
ֻǣ뾩ԽԽǾŵģǴˡ⽫һʱȻӲյֻƬ֣Ȼˡ£һС
ȥ꽭֣׹飬֮⣬ˡת֮طƽٵмؼתУһܵáگٽݽģƾĻѺֿ۸˰گһʱӻԾ׼ۺܿͽ˲١֮⣬ˡɳʹ֮£鴦˼̰īĹԱס˽ٳȥĻ֣ʧСһΡ
һ£ȴǽӾǿʼϲ鴦ԺΪ潵ΣһʵǳңԸΪ潵ģȥŹ鱾ңŮַˣҲһһ׷Ϣ˵ǾǲһߣҲҪŲ
ǰȻǵڹׯ˵ģֵĳðõʵݣһ£ȻĴ
ҲöˣЩʱʱμˡʱǴǰһΣʱǴδйΣʱȣʱִݣʱŲɫĹٵ߾ЩӣλֻҪ֪֮ʱʲôΣ
ֻǣΣ˵վҪѡ㣬ϵ˻˼ңҲеŮӦѡеѫǸӻԾзĶ֣ҲǣһˣˡƷݣ֪ǶŮӵĴˣ˹УҲ¡
ĳ񣬳ͻȻͣסˣߴ̽ͼߵͤУһ˱վţȻδ߻һ۾˳Ǵˡ
ͻȻͣסˣؿţһ仰Ҳ˵
ˡתؿˡ                        

 122 

ų, ǰɫƽĴˡ, Цͷ
ܶˡټʱʲôΣֻû뵽, ʱ, ôƽͺֱֻһ, ͺǰûоôʹࡢͲƵġ
һ˲ʱ, ϲãֻǴЦ⿴, ĬĬ˿̵ģ
ˡҲڴ, һ˫ˮɫ, ĴɫǰȻʧɫ, ʩۣ֬Ҳֻʽͨصѣ㷱ʢ, Ҳһֹޡ
Ҳ̫ûЩˣô
һʱǵص, Щѹõİӿ, ˡЩܲסͻǿУƿĿ⾡ƽ˵׼ȥѰ㡣
ʶؿܣû, ûгݣͳֻһǣͤ⣬ˡҲֻǴűҪģ΢΢һЦʲô£
ˡһŵĽţĵİһ˿꣬˵ȻʵĵѾ깤³ᣬţҲϣۿΪ
һֱҲŴ£λؾȻΪ˲ȴҲʱˣϻʹ޵һ̣ʱˡҲΪ뵽ˣһл¡
֮䣬л
ˡ̧߳ͤӣ߽ЩϸϸؽţʱǨҲٹ㡣
ֿһۣȻתһ£һ
æǣˡԾϣһҲƵˣϣõãȥԶˡ
سУһʱЩȻʧ
ڴ˴ضһֱ֪䣬ȻδŹʱӿȻҲֻ˵˼仰ѣĽʹ
ˡҲѾˡ
Ҫģ
ϵǵؿܾñҲֲ׵ġ
ЦŴǻؿȥ
ԭЩò׼ҪȥţʱȻѾȥɡ
ͱڳؽ˳ǣСʻȥ߾ϸϸţϱ뿪ʱ̷࣬Ľ˷͸һˡúܺá
ֻǻصһʱȴͣһǰһ뿪ʱһģһ
Էʰ˳Ⱦ䴲Ϸǰõı죬ϵŴˡҹù޾ߣǸ¯Ҳڽ¯лҽѾ͸Ҳаܡ
¯ţȻһЦΪʱʢŭ֮»Щû뵽Ȼȫˡ
ٵԺһ飬ӣһ֣ʯ˻С԰Ҳڣ·ССĲѾӭչȥִĻƹϼѾ˹磬̵˳ż
һжո뿪һˡر˵ʱĳ
ȴûлһΡ
Ȼõŵ£һֱϵˡ
ҹڴʱ߾þҲ޷˯зȥŵľǴˡҲ֪ʱʲôûһҲ
С
ˡһۣ鰸ϣȥ
Ų̤żĿѾÿȥ
סĵط񻹱ԭߺṳ̂ȥһʱŵƻӳºqqŴǷ
ˡԥƬ̣ڻǱȥ
ƿţǴһССĲڵͨҵšˡȥ»ڵʱһһߵ̴ľСһֻɫƿˡǵǰϲƿвЩֵֹĶʱ֦ʱһƿвһ֦Ƶ«έҰȤͺļ羰ССƿһ㡣
ˡߵǰ̧ȥǶܿĵţĴһ΢ϸĻȣĵױ㷺һ˿⡣
ʱڸʱܻ᲻ԾȴһۣûڴǰܾӦþͶڴҲĲ²ⲢȫԣӦôΣվڴ˴ӵ߳
ʱİãʱأȴʶ۵ĳ⣬Ͼʱһж˿ܣǶ֪߽Ժñ˴˶ˡ
Ũʱȫ뿪Ȼһ꣬ȻҲ˹
ˡվڴǰãתԷĴǰһţˡڴ£ı죬ǰֳ΢΢ȵı飬ʱ˵һʱҲԼûʶί
ˡЬ࣬ڴ£߷Ц⡣ǰץסʱ뾡һа취Ҫ뿪ˣȴֿʼǹŹְҲԶദţͻĺðɡ
ʱһǽһҪڣ͸ڣܰ 
ҹˡڱУ֮ǰһμߡ
֮ǰԺһۣΰ֮УǰȫǴˡ뿪ʱĮıӰеһʱ׷һʱֻվԭţȻӦԣܾź㣬ͻȻʱѾһ㱡˻л㱵ģҲûѡ
߶·ȥ򿪴͸ͷһ
ȻѾ˳øɴЩҪ
ܿҪѡˣ֣Ѿ£÷¡
֮˳һָȥ֪ɮ֮ͨ󣬹γӭ˳߶һȻɮñ£ҲڼʱЩȻɫȴȴǰƽ࣬իԶ볾ľ𣬶˵ڱס
΢΢һЦʺ̫̫ɺã
һжáγƽؿ˵˴㣬ҵ˵
ڴǰγôҲܶô֪о˸Ƣ֪ǻŮȫߵͷ̫̫·
γһ·ƹ۵·һƧԺ䣬߽ȥرŴ˫ֺʮף˵նе뿤˴
Գ֮˶Դˡæ񣬵̫̫ؽ黳һˡ
γ̾ùˣԼϥڶ£ǰðȥţһЩ£ԽԽЩΣȻʮǸΣҲò˵һ
ȫУΨ֪յ飬Ҳֻ顣
ߵ̫̫˵޷
ԷҼϣһ˵İ̺ۡγ̧ۿĿкű࣬λôСڹ˵Ǹӣʮơ
лҪ˵СޣΪٺ~
Сޣɽƣ

 123 

ľķ, ߵüĿ, γһʮǰΡ
ʱγһӤԼ, һ˵ǸŮ, ƣʧ֮£ʱιȥ, ŮʲôģҲûм
ʱֺֻͨ˵Ĳ, ֱ²չԼæܱڹγߣֽµŮӤ, ͵ũ, һͳȥһ£γ, ָ, ǸŮӤվ᲻ãϼ˰ɥ, ǱǸŮӤµĹŮӻغϥ¡
ǸŮӤ, ȻԷˡ
γ̾, ֵҽӻԷ󣬷Ҽһ˰̣æȥǼũô, ˵ҹʱС̵ģΣһ̫ӹŪ̵ҩͿĨ˰̽СˣһƬ̫Ե͹𡣡
γ˵ֻǵͷ£üͷ
Ĳɡ˽ŮҼкߣԷҼͬλǡһˣûпԷǸ˽ŮǿΪԭĺߣ
ãγ̾һ˵Դϻۣ뵽ģ϶Ҳ뵽ˡڹŻŮҼкʱҵʱ뵽Էǿ˰ֻ̣ǲ˵ԺҷȥػǸŵĻ˲ɣٻΣԽԽΣ̫ˣ̫ˡ
߰οԭҲɺϡ
ǣγǰЩԷܶףؼȥס˼죬նԷϸԽԽľԷòʵңǹӽӵ̬ͷЩģ
ȥ궬ʱԷܷ෢ؽңڹһĴĥԷ֪£˶񾪹֮һ㣬˵ٲѲǴǰǸıߵĹСˡ
ԭ׼Ȣ򽭼Ҳʱ⸱ģԽﲻ̣ǹТ̱֮ףȻûʲô꣬һݣһѧӣദҲ
γʱȥСסģϸϸ۲˼죬ԽԽйԷģƢȫֻϧûⷽʱǣֻһ۾Ϳģ˼ȥû˰취¶ģ˵Լǡ
˼ʵͳȥģǲǵǺʲô
ֻߵĵҴææһۣǻӵĪķգĶǽź£û˼ϸγЦţⱲӾֻôһ£öаӣҪɱڡұӦҲˣҵŮ޹ģԷǻŮǿĺӣ
̫̫ʹũ𣿡ʵ
ǰӴȥҹûҵˣγȻ˵˵ʮǰͺϼҰˣ˸ھӣ˭Ҳ֪ȥ
һ˿żĶعȳ˾߶Ƿ˴£аǨģǼ֮漴ߣǲΣæ̫̫ǲǵǼʲôʲôʲôˣǻҡ
еպʤ磬ջƣ˵ǻӡγ˵ͷˣǸû͵ģҲûȥңܲæʣ
Ҳ̫̫ߵϸͬʱ˭ڻǰź򣿡
ʱһõĹӣͱ꣬Ž磬ʲôҲ֪γ˵ֻϸͬһΣʱûдҲ֪ȥ
ԭˡԸˡзʲô
˵һ߿ʱ磬ȥߵſʱγסȴϰ첻˵ƺԥҪҪڡ
߱ʵ̫̫ʲô£
γͷ˰Σһ˵Ҳ֪Ϣûãһӵ飬֪
һ
Է´ʱҷ˻Ϻү˽飬ͷȥϸֹͬһҲǴΣͷһؼͬĸáʱʲô֪ΪΪǮϺүҵȴһγ԰˵˵˼Ƿһ˵Ҫ˼ҡֻҸţһܣקҪȥͻȻ˵֪ܶһĺӡ
ǻŮ֪̫࣬ϵҲ̫࣬˷뵽޴֡߳ʵôˣ
ŻˣҲҸ֣ˡγЦ˵ֻǵһֻ۱һֻۡٺͻȻó裬һ˺Щ죬ܰˣ˭֪ûʹӹţƵҸĸ˫˫ԾֱϺү
ӢݣȻΪ˱𣬱ƽľԾӦΪסܣñʵ֪ΪʲôֶΣȻûбƹγȥЩɻʵû̫̫ʲô𣿡
ûСγҡͷ֪Ҳȥ¹ͷŹȴ˵ҪôϺүһҪô͵¶ҵĺһʵûа취
˵ȥȴһѿ˵ԷǻŮôŹ̫̫˵ùȥˡ
γһĿ࣬òʹ
سǵ·ϣ߿ڳϣϸϸŽ֪һУ˳
γ겢֪Ĵڣȴ״֪һҲڽҰ˶ĿҲǽľ͸¶ģ֮󣬻֪˹γ͵ת¡ҲΪ˱ҲΪ˸Լ˽ŮһõĳǸγʱ͵µŮԼ˽ŮΪ˽ŮҼϵĺߣһ˰̡
ʢ裬Ƶù˼ҷ򸾺ͽľԾΨйγȴŹΪҪԼŮԷ
һ˵ͨˡ
߳һ
Կֻ࣬иĿ෨´ͷβ˵˭øࡣ
ֻǣһϣǲұѡеӤĸףʲôɫԼ˭Ϊʲôᱻ״«壬ôꣿ
ʻУ߸³ӭһˣЦ˵ȻˣôҲӸţ
лҪ˵Ӹ͵С۷~

 124 

лˡ
ͣס, 첽Լ߽, ǽһʯ߶ʱ, ʯ֦ҶϸӰӳ, Ӱ仯Խĵ˫һ, ǾѲ, էһǰǰ
߲Цʵʲôʱģ
Сʱл߽, ͷ, жǻϲͻ, ôҲӸţ
Ц, ԲҸ㡣
л⻰ЦԽ, ҵΪ˶ֻǵ˵һȥݣƲԼȥ, ô죿
˵Ҫһȥ, ˴˶֪ǰٵ滰ȻԺϢȻȥ, ȴĵģֶЩ롣ЩʱҲ֪һЩ٣ҹλʱ嶯׷ȥѰһѾ˳ǣȴסˡȻˣȻûŻȻĿҲҪһ˰شš
ʱл룬Ϊϲǿ˵ӣʧȥĿܣתͷһ룬ԼҲΪˣǲദڣ״ƽ⡣ 
ֻˣȻˡδ׼ʱǨֻΪžѵ֣л룬ҲӦ  
л˲Ϣ֮ǧ˼룬Ȼֻ֪գգۣЦķʣл̫ߣûǮ벻㣬ֻԼ͵ˡ  
лٴЦ˵ǸȥȻǵã𣬸УҷĲȡ
˵Żȥʱʱһл٣òͶ֮ǰǷ˳ΣʶʱеѾ˳ӣ˲٣ѵõǣദʱڵĸоǰһ
ҹȻ֪ģ浽˽ϣҲҪҪлдţĩǷˣлٽѵݣˡ֮䲢ùҲͽա
лʵݺ𣿡
Ц䴺յʱˮ̵ģʳֶʣʵ̫ĥʱˡ
ȻãΪʲôˣлٵòʲôΪѵ°ɣ
£߹л٣ֻǺûʲôЩ˽Ҫ
ǣлȴˣΪǴˡ˽ʲôӱ뿪ˡ֣̿ȴһֱѵڽʱԼ˵ÿ±١
Ȼһֱ֪ȴҪӣȻȫΪȻʵǵگĵһ㵭ˣǰһˣһߣ߶ˡ
лټͷ񣬻ʲôԲ˵ѹɿ˵㲢ھУҰ뷨ӡ
ҡҡͷЦ˵Ҫģһŵ޵òˣȥһ̣ﻹЩ˽ô
ȴڴʱͻȻлٷŵĻüʵո˵ڽʱ򡪡ѵڲڽ
ˣǰոսӵηָӡлٵǰѾӡţԭ׼ճǾΣ˵ˣȹ㣬ȥɡ
߶Ծеȴô֪˰ҲûȾĶ飬лټɻǽ͵ĽڳʮĶɽ
һ¡
ˣǰڹʱȾȻҲڽЩڹлĽȴܱȣȾػ֮⣬ӲеʲôҪְǨҲʮޣ˷ָʱ;ϲ־ģ̫Ҫȥϵ˵Ρ
лͣŸɣôͻȻȥȾʱָϵôɣѵؾй
л飬֪ҲŹȾΣЦ˵ģ²ˡ
ǵ˼粻֪˶ٻأôһ·ΣеĻǽлҪְ  
ߵûɹˡأֻȴЩȷǷٲһУб뷨
ҡҡͷ֪¡ֻ㵽ǱߣǲЩСˣ
лʧЦȴ˹֣Ҿ֪ԼԭǴģлʶ
߲ҲЦ֮࣬óģȾΣҲֻǵ;˵ֺαҲ²⣿ˡĴ㣬ľ
˵˵ЦЦģڸһ֮󣬿ѾŵʱԱл÷ϵ㣬ϵһȻ۽󿪣ȻֳЩڣлദһҵ˻⣬ϵ˵ũʱߴ۽硣  
ֻǷŻûϣ澱ر˵˵ӭȥʱȴǼֹԶһ·СܵǰʩЦСĸ밲
Ҳֹһɺã
пĸСãѾȥǰźȴʲôġ
ֹ˵ţлϵʺ֮ŵ˵ǿĻһˣи˿ӦҪ
ˡȻô˵ضвòԵʣֻ˭ʵھȥô
˵ֻʲôʱ򷽱㡣ֹֺãһ䣬ּ⣬ŽԿţʲôʱԡ
⻹֮ǰĹأȻҲĹֻǣǰлٲЩ
̽пˣֹǲҲ÷һͱ㷹һͬΣ
ȻţֹȻƴǣæ˻عˡԼµţֱϲŷϴװȥ
ʻڣǰ͢ʻ󹬣ߴϤľɫһĻĻǰӹתתǻˣһأȥ
ڴ仪ͣסСڼǣ̧߳߳Ųڣķȥͷˡӭָţҵ˿硣
Ц⸡˫̣ߴʵôҵ
ߺһֱ׷ϸͬľˣ뵽µǳ⾲ִУǱȥʣ֪µÿʮֽáˡվˣ漴ɿ֣ϸ֮ͬ󣬸˾һӣÿ飬һֱ빬ֿ
Щҽո֪ˡЦ˵ʲôʱҵĿ磿
ȥ궬ʱȷǿ磬ֻ½簲ݣ뿪ǣѭѰֻЩʱ䡣ˡϸ²ŽؾУԭҲ֪һ
˵ʱѾǰ̫ǰţһͷ׵ŮӦ̧ͷڼߵһɲԵػһ£ʵ㣿                        

 125 

ڹ߲, ߻ǿ˿ģ, Լʮͣٶ, ޱԵİ׷, ҲвƣΨһ˫۾, ʱؿ, ־ϲ૵˵
̤, ˵ҡ
ȻЩһ, ΪǻŮƾͼ, ʳ顣
, ˡĴ΢΢һ㻡ȣòϻ۽, ü׻ȻֱҪÿ죬, Զʧ
ˡʾڼཫŹ, ת뿪
Ĺ߰վڿǽС£ʱü˵ľϲѾȥ, ĵĺֻϸϸشߣһԲ
ţֻƽ˵գԷҾ󣬴ǰҾұ衣磬֪˭˰ɣ
ºһ֮󣬼ԷǻŮô綼㹻ʱ֪ԷڽҵΡ
ɫ˼䣬ȴ˵Ҳϵ㡣
ϵҡ΢΢һЦһҪ֪ұ߼ϣǰһ˰̺ۡ
ʶʵû𣿡
ûˣ˴ӹ˷ӣͿĨʮʱǿ˰Ѿûˡߵȥ꽭ڶҵ̽˵ܣҺͺ˶ȥ˰֣磬Ҳʱ֪ԭӦս
룬ʵôӰֳģ
ҵŮʥģΪֿһ򽻺ãź򣬺ַŻؼС˵ѵľϣٲ룬Щ겻ھУӦûԷпһֱŽҵĶЩ󶯾öԵϣ˼˵磬ڹһ˵ҵĸףҲڹ
ɫֱ˼䣬Űɵ˵󶮹˵ʲô
΢΢һЦöʮǰ͵ת֮ĸٴεΪҼϵĺߣǿˡ磬ҼӣʱҵķӦһģһ
̲סʵأ
ָ£ڲϱһ£΢죬ȴֵͷ
ҽ㣬Ϊģֻȷϣ˵֪Щǲģ
Ŵģǻʵ̧ۣͷһۣʡ
ǡ̹Ȼ£Ѿ֪ˣòֿڱǰ飬Ҳܻ񣬵ʥѲ⣬һϣվҵһ۵㣬Ҳѱ»᲻⡣磬ҲҲ뽫Ȫ֮µʱҵĸ˭˵
еζԵϣɫɶˣղ˵
һʱش˵⣬˵ĸúģȻҡ
ĸҲǲѣ̾˵ѾùһίԲŲòô졣
ŷִ磬ǵʱʵĸôһȥģ
ŵΣɫ֣³ĸ㣬ʱҲУʱ򲢲֪ĸףĸȴһֱĶԭֻΪԱ˭֪Ȼ˺Ҫ͵תܡ
ڿʮ꣬ͷһ˵Ǳ߻˵ʱԽ˵ԽŷһڱţҲ񿴼˵ʱΡ
ʮǰγΪ˱סλָʹִӶƭ߽ܣȴ֪һжƲͼң׼ʱ򵱳סùγѣͷͻȻ⡣
̲סʵΪʲô⣿
ĸϺүΣ˹ϣϺүϡĸϺү޹Ӣ͵˽£ϺүҲϡ
ԭˡ·ֽľܰԸ⣬뿪˹ʵأ
桭
ʮһգγ̥䣬ֺֻõĲţ޷ӽǻ˷еϢδʱǰŮӤֵӣŽŮӤң͵ʤУһ·֣뿪̸֮˺ʤӣԼ컹һŮӤ滻
̵ԷҼϵǸߣҩ֮󣬵ڶɿȥҡ
ߴԣ˵滻֪ĸ׸û˵Ůֻ²ǻǱɱ˰ɣ
һԻɣ߾ãγŮ뱻ɱˡ
̾˵ĸ׺͸˹˼ˣԭѺ˵Ůɽιǣֻǵҵڶ쵽ʤʱǸѾˡ
ˣ
ͷҴϵʱ򣬺ʤһڵң˵ͷûãϰѺӷԼȥ극ǺѾˡڴһûҵµطҰ޶࣬ûԺǽҲ˵׼ǲǱҰ޵ˡٳ£һֱںҰӦֱ˰ӻȥΪֹ
Ȼˣ⻰мֿţ˼ʵŮͻȻˣϺүѵͲʣ
ΪϺүޣĸвҪѺˣŵΣ̾˿Ϻү㲻ˣһòȥٺ˼ռҵĹŮӻȥĸ׸ϺүǺӾ㣬ͨ˺˵ˣƭģϺүŻת⡣
û뵽ľȻһֱ֪Էݣ˵ܽΪʲôιγƫԷˡæ׷ʵôأʱ
˵ĸ̽ɱڣǰϸ֤ͬЮƽˣ˭֪涡㾹Ȼˣʱںʤչ㣬ֲȥңĸӣֻôˡ
΢Щʧһֻ֣Ҫϵûܽ⿪ͻǲȷԼ˭ֻץѰҺʤһˡ
˵ͼ죬ֿҲܷȥ
˫ֺʮҡͷ˵ҳţΪŹ֣䷢ֻףһծӣ㲻Ϊȥ˭Σΰɡ
ߴӷгʱ̧һˡڸ޶˱һ¡һΪʲôΣȻˣ
룬æ·ҳȥ߳ڣ̧ۿˡվڲԶĹϣ·ߵĻľ
߷ûߣڵа߿첽߽ˣ¡
ˡӦͷ˵ʳˣ
һЩߵһЩҪ顣
Ҫϸ˵Ŀǳ°ɫĳ۵£¶ɫ˿ĺˮΣָ˫Ь                        
лҪ˵רǣϣܸ~

 126 

ߵͷŴˡ˫˿, ɫϸЬƽ, ֻɫȴȸõʱЩðɫ˿ĺˮҲ, ҪɫӻΪһ, ܿó˫ЬѾ˺ܾá
³, ũƶ, һӦЬ඼ԼģһֺߣЬʵ, «ΧļׯС, ϼʱõϼ˫ܲ, ӽԺ, ݱ仯ѾԼˣһΨһһ, ʱˡ˫Ьӡ
ˡԼЬҲͷ˿ô
ҡҡͷ, Ѿܾ, ôҲ
ֻ˫ûбĿ滻ˡ, ѾϧŴˡ
߰˼⻰м٣ôϵˣôñ˫Ьûû
Щֲ㡣ˡ˳ʱðƴЬģҲֻ˫ˣȻˣпյĻٸ˫ɣܲһļֻ˫Ьɻ
һ£Ц̽Цʵ¸òҪ˵¶ֻɣ
ˡ㲻˵ֻǳؿһۡ
Ц߱û˵ڡȥߵʱǴĩԸ˫Ьһ˫ģһ˫ǴģѵȻĴŹ
ȻӣҲĳġ
ͻȻЩٸнβŵ˫Ҳֵʲôҵȸ˵ãӽٲ׼ֻЬˣ
Ϊʲôˡʵ
ߺһۣ𣿡
һһ˲Ѵˡ޼ĳɬˡͷǰջ󣺡ô⼸˿գһ˫ЩЬӣЩӺôЪһЪ˫ıЬһ˫ģȻǶĺЬҲҪ˫Ҳ̫æҲֻ˫Ьɻ
ЦЦɴؾܾҪ
ˡ֪ףҲȣֻʵΪʲô
ȥʱҲͰˣȻ£ٹҪѡ㣬Ȼ˵ŸģӰͰ͵ظŸЬʲôȻ⻰˵ڣδȴףֻ߱ǵ´ḷ́ǰҵɲҪǮĿ֪ҵ߻ǧҲδԸ⶯֡
ԭˡˡ΢΢ףתʱ·ϣ
һʱò׼ҪʲôǸȥҪȴʵΣЩҪģ
ʱʣԷˣǻǸӣҵ¿Ҳ֪ҪҼˣ²顣
Ǿͼɣˡܸ֮һ𰸡
ֻһ仰֪ôģȴסˡʶǴô˼ӽУҪ飬ûʧ
δܾҲһֱԵʣеģԼѵá
߿ŴˡЦ⣬˵лл
֮䣬лˡЩ֣£ͣסϸϸţʵôˣ
ʶ֣Ҫӵ뻳ڼһɲȴ־ѣӲ֣ͣƬ̲ŵҪʲôˣ
ǵ߿һǱˣǰֻԼ־ȫںô롣˵οЩźЩһкʤˣϱջƣҼ̫̫ԼŮҼͨʤ磬ѺӻԷ̫̫ŮȴŪˡ
ˡ룬üûֿܡ
ĻȴֳŲ˵ֻԼ׷ʵʲôܣ
ûʲôˡҡҡͷֻҪҵˣԼ֪ˡ
˵ʱѾߵǰɲվסˣϤľɫʵҪȥ
ˡȿż
߸߽һǽݼµޣͥŵµһж뿪ʱһģһǿڸʱҲǾֹġ
ˡͷſҲȻһЦɡ
ˡҲЦ£²ʡ
ʱ߻ûµҪΣЦʵ¾ҪȥĶ
ǡˡ̤ȴһգȥ˺ĿԺ
߸ʶǱһۣţܿµƿһ֦ӣңһѾˣҶչţһ¡
⵹ʣƿġЦӻÿ춼ʰ𣿡
סĵطȻҪÿʰˡˡͣסӣˡ
߿ǰ߶ˣ˽⡣
ȻһЦ΢΢ͷ׼˫Ьӵ𣿡
ǡˡĶá
ģЦģʲôöٶ𣿡
ʲôö٣ˡ֣˵С
Ϸԣߵ̰Ƶĺܣ϶ֻźõã飬µʱɱڡ
ϷԡˡҲ
ţˡ߽ȥ߱ȥͷһνʵ۵˽⣬⿴ﶼ棬ͼǽƺҪʵ࣬źǽżӣָɼ䣬طߴӣһֱͨ컨ϣӲ水ɵ֧ţÿַӣһҲš
ڵ䣬ͭؾŶ֮࣬Щ߽ȥмļ鼮ɫ޳УһЩСĴ
ˡֻ˿ϵĶûװ̵ģϡЩǼ䣬ֻЩӰɡ
һߣȻ϶ŵӣҲ֪ŵǽ鱦ֻЦ˵ľѾۻңЩ֪ŵʲô֣
ˡԱ¼ʸĿ
æһᣬһһȴ黭¼дĿߡʱ䡢δһдļϸһҲ֪жԺ˷ŻȥЦ̫ˣ
ǱҸɣˡϵô˵漴ԸѼֵһмǼӶȡĿ
̧ܿӹף̧ǡһǴССϻӣһҲţҪٴ򿪣ߵˣشˡ
ˡ𣿡
ˣЦܲڱ˽ĶԼֻóһ͹һЬˡ
ˡһǾһӰɡ

 127 

һӣ͵һЦ, ҡͷ˵
л, ɲܱƽȥˡ
ˡ΢΢Щʧȴ, ˵Ь
̧ü, ЦЦһԲ
ǰȡЦʱ, ܻѹ, ɴʱȴֻǵػӦôһ䣬, ǰǸҲֺĴˡ, ǹӱ˵ķâˣԽԽء
ˡ, ֻƽԸ⼸ϸװ, ȥֿ
æָŵ˽Ǽ̧ߣ߸˵лʹ͡
ˡһ, ϴ˵ЦӰӣЬĳͣʹ, ô֣µصл, Īڸͣ
̧üû뵽, ȻѧЦˡ
ˡͣǰȻûдȴҲȥֻµӣ¶£΢΢̧һЩ
һʱֲҪʲôµɫ֮󣬶ʱˣⲻǼļ
⴩·˫Ь˵Ϊ˸ŲšһۣЦӯӯ˵¿ǴĻǡ
ˡҲֱ磬ָֻڴĥ˵ĺۼˡ
أߵûϵˣ
ȻеģֻҴЩģҪĲźáˡ
ѵҪ˵·Ҳһꣿʵ
ǵˡɫ˵ֻһҲû滻մţͳˣ
Ȼѧ˵٩ԼԽȤôã±ǰʱࣿ
ֻ֪ÿһ仰áˡһЦǻġ
ԸЩ֣ϲЩѾˡ
ˡ֣ϸµӷˣǵÿգٸ·ɣʲôҲˣôȥҾͲӣؤˡ 
Ц΢΢ͷбҲֻҸ˵ʱɣΣ׼ʲôлң
еģáˡһ඼ˡ
ű¸ǼӣѾＫõĶ޾ˣʣЩҲûʲôģûʲôرϲãɾΪˡü˼ģҪɣʵ벻ҪʲôǲҪҲñµһǷǮǺã
ˡһֱ֪Լҹ˼Ȼֱ˿̿Ц̵Ŀϲģ׵˼εĿ̹ġ޲ӵ뻳ȻȴֻսȭͷŬţƽ˵ţԺҪʲôˣٸҾͺá
¾ͲʨӴ󿪿𣿡Цʵ
Щ΢΢ƣˡ˵µĶԼûʲôòģôҲûҪġ
ͻȻĵһϸϸ׽İ⣬һȻζӿͷд΢࣬ٸн
ֶȥ£ȻǶιƲԼʱҲе㲻ƿ
ŲܹôܹޣҲΪʲôˣǲɵദ
ȻһЦ˵֪ô󷽣ҾЩͷˣ
ˡӿ໰ֻ﷭ţȻȻ˵Ҳֻ̾˿ˣ͸ҡ
ֱָָߵһܣҼǵǼϷһЩƷ뿴Ļ˸ҳ
ˣЦѾЩʱߣͲöźá
ˡ΢΢һЦǮҶѾˣ㲻ˡ
˵ɣߵһʱĵطߣ֮ǰҪܸϵó͸͹
ʳǣڼҲûʲôȤζϱѾˣ߿ȥɣ¡
˵˵ȥҪߣǿǷ֣ܹס˲ȥˡԸԼʧ䣬ֻ˵Ҳã鲻ǧ·
ϸϸ۲ɫˡϱתȥ˵òĴ߰ɡ
ʱˣһŻȥҵıء߸߳˽⣬Ц˵
׼棬ܷô뿪ˡ룬ɡ
̧ˡȴ˹۾һŵķȥ߲Զǰӣˡ˹źӵ̲ǰ
ȲϳȻҲ󣬲źӱĶ̶«ѿɫˮһûһظ˵ͻȻӦʱѾߵݵĵؽˡ
ͣסӣЦЦ˵˵˻ؼң·׻ôã˼ԽԽתۣһζǿˡ
ˡܿˣͷʵôˣ
ߺһۣҷҺϵˡ
ˡ͵һЦá
ߵжվߵţϳˡˣذɡ
ˡ΢΢ףá
Ȼֱ𶯣վ￴ţߴҪ˵ȴֲ֪˵ֻ̽ӻ֣ȻһЦ  
߳ȥԶͷʱˡԭĿֱͣͦͬɰء  
ûǿԺ󶼲ǿĲһˡ
߷³ͻȻһ˿ᡣ
صʱлȴûߣϵгԲлЦ˵ණ鷿
ȥʱͼһذڵϣţֵһСϻװеԿףҵӦԿ״ʱһмϻӣװĶǳ׵ıʯͷ棬ĸ̡ʯ顢궼УһʮٵҲǱʯĴָָ׸ǴСѵõǸͷɫʮơ
ִ򿪵ڶӣȴǸɫΣ֬񡢱䶼УҲÿϻװţģһ̵ͬһˮƵģ̲סһףɰ׵ļӳӣԽ޵Ʋ۾
߱ûժֻȥӡȴǰ࣬ʱȫǴƬɫʡµĻƣȴǸɫ޳УڹôãϵĶҲ٣װŵЩһ붼вĿ
ĿǾƾߣϬǵģˮġɫʵģּһϻӴʱһ׼µƾߣƺģһֻƱֱ֬סࡢǳϡ̡īɫɵģ˵Ⱦƣǰ￴ţҲĿ
װȫֻԭҲֻǸѧЩƤë඼ǲ֣Ȼܱˡ͹ģȻǴңԼһֻļֵһ鱦Ҳʲô߲ɵ΢΢촽ɵӣֲЩҸ
ɵӣлϵЦͻȻˡ
һȻδʱԼ˶࣬û񣬱ϵ˵һˣճţӭȴֹлһˡ                        

 128 

ߵϢʱ, лֹѾѾ߳ȥһξ, Ҳ׷ϣֻվǰеֹ
ǰʹԭȱʹĸ, ǳеس˼ֹҲһֹ, ߾ôֹֽ֣ڽж, ֪õ, ȻǲҵæһܻЦ˵Сżл, ûüŸ밲, ˡ
ô֪лվʯ̨ϾӸµĿżֹʵ
˸ճ, ֹҹ, ˵ˡ˶ţЩ˵ȥȻΪִƢ, ȴǻʼʩˣֶΣкмڲزס, ʱͱƣ
ֹǰСּ뿤ʱ, лҲڣűǡҪлСľͶһ˵лǻڿ, Ա¾С¡
ô˵ĻҲԵϡ߰Űɵżֹʵģ
ֹ˵ʵ۵ִҵҲ˱ģæЦڿǰСôϹ˵Ҳ·ͷġǻܹҲǰԸС֤Саּٻƾ𷣡
˵ʱлҲѾ첽˻ǰȰ⼸䣬ȴʵΪʲôл
л˲ףڵٱۡ
ǰδеĻϲϯл٣վڽ£΢΢ͷߣ¶Цݡôͱ˵ģſ˫ᣬĴû뵽Ȼһ죬Ż
ǵĻͻȻʧˣлٺЦߣ˭Ҳռһλãֻһ
ֹ˵Ϊʲôл˵СĲ֪С֪ɭϣСҲ˵ˣСİɡ
ߴʱƫƫҲߣֻЦЦ׷⻰˵ģ㵽֪ǲ֪  
ֹԽп࣬ȴֲҸۣæллСĸͽвУ
лٴʱƫƫֻԹۣЦҡҡͷʻֹʵ˵ǡ
ղŵĿϲѾǣ⣬ԼһΪ˲ԿһȴΪˡܱţѾϲ⡣
ֹô˵ԽԽпֻӲͷƤ˵죬С治֪ʵҪʵĻҪôСȻȥʾһ£Ȼٻػ
˵ϣҲ棬ԴˡµֶΣֹ֪ҲƲ˵ΪѼֹҲ޷ôˡ֪Լ̬ȡ΢΢һЦãҲΪ㣬ȥ¸ʱǵһ䣬˵ҿлߵġ
леЦԽˣߵͷҡҡͷ
ֹɿڣɴһ㣬һشӦǣСһǵãС𣿡
߰ɡ˵Ż۾ȴлٵ˵ͷʲô£ǵøҡ
лٸڼֹϣһͷģ׻ԶˣٵڴͷһǰѾûˣȥˡ
лһȻſյĴţ˻֡
һȥһֱŴ˴˿ŹֱӳǵȾȥˣ˼룬Ǻǲ⡣
˵Ǵˡ׾ӣ˵ǣΪлٲУֻǴ˴أ˵µʱ򣬷˵յҲ٣ΪʲôͻȻôżˣ
߷ȥϰ죬벻ԵȻλˡΪȫϣҲ֪̫࣬뿪̫ãѾԶ˼Ҳ²ˣ
һ磬һ£һ߶ڲ԰Сײ˼磬ͻȻһ󼱴ٵĽŲ죬žͼʰų滶ϲؽ
ֻ϶մ࣬ڲҶӲһѣվЦʵôˣ
̫̫ʹүģʰ件ϲܵǰסŷӦæ񣬵ү˸Ҽţū澲֪ˣԾ̫̫һпɺã
ҶáЦߣʵĸ綼ˣأ
ˣǰͷţү˵أʰ¢ߴߴ˵ū澵ȲܹŶ̫̫˵һ궼ڽ߶Ǳ߻סĹ߰ɣػǲǲˣū澾ÿˣǲǱ߳ԲϰߣŲūһͷѧٲأǲ÷ū澸òã
ƵĲͣʣֻﶼһʱǸǲӦסЦ죬ӷſʼûͣһ仰岻ȥǰڵʱôûô˵ 
ʰһ죬ū澺þòӻϲʲôˣ
˵ʱѾߵԺ翴ϱܲӭ˵ˣôҲȥ
˵ȥءǰҪһԼûȫæ˻Ц˵ⲻǸһЩʰˣ׼׳ȥأ
˵ЦģһԵˣһԵػ˵ǸĳӲģ
ڱЦ˵ϱߵʱ򣬸͸ĸӶдţɼͷһֱţһ춼µģĸɱԩ˿
ϺһۣأҪ˵
͵һЦĸôˬƢ
ֽϴ֣ʰ˳ֽ˹·ظӣˮ£ŰŸϴ̲סȻˣū澻źòã
߻û˵Ѿӿ˵ù˵ˣȻ㣬ﲻǲŸ˵˼𣿡
ʰ侹ȻˣЦſʰһۣϲѽ
ʰֽš˵ݹū澸Ǳ˵ˣֻҪū澻ź
߲ҪϸʣƳվͷͷǸԷ˭
ǺôأȻȫȫβվ߷ֽЦʵԷҲˣ
ϵ˽һۣ˵˵ƫ˵Ӧô¸Сãȴģ
ûѹԷȻˣͷԽԽͣȴֻǲ
ܿߣϱЩɫڨڨ˵һˣôôʽݼһΡ
ôƵ˵ҿƺûаݼҵ˼ء
ԷȻҲˣæ߳񣬵˵񸾼
߼ü˳۵ģģ͸Žţ˵Ҳȴǰʵ࣬ɵúĸƢ𣿵ˡĥӣҲ֪ʲôΣȻܰһĴСĥ
Цŵһˣض񡣡
ܼĿڽɩӣ΢΢ЩʧȻԷڹЩȻڼʱԷʲôΣȴǿģҲҶ˵ֻ˰Էл
Էͷ˳شл
Цˡ
һȵؾһ죬ڻ԰ʱ߳űûˣѹʵ֪𣿡

 129 

էһ⻰, ЩӦ, ɻʵô֪
߼˶û⣬㲻ɫ˼, æҲ, ˵ȥʱ򣬱ǲ˸˵ʲô
ʵʲô˼, ʱʹδּ㲻ǰ, ﲻɵðٸн˵ȥʱ򣬹ȷʵ˵仰
ɫ, С˵ȥ꿤֮ǰ, һ˵ڳﱸ뿤Ĵ֮£һֱҲû֤, ²
Ц, ûлش
ܼģԼĬϣ˵ֻǸ΢ˣǿΪ˴, ҾĪꡭ
ߴЦΪ粻Ҫġ
, ʵҷʸ, մ֪𣿡
æ˵뾩֮󣬹к, ѾǰҪĸҶдţÿһңӹȥĶҲǱµġ´㣬ίʵܺá
סˡôҲû뵽ˡﾹȻЩ¡
һʱζӳ¡ĸǰһˡ
ɫڵʱϴŽܺԷ뿪ʰΪʱ͸˵ˣԱڿԾǰһߡ
ҹ˯߲֮ϸϸһһΣԭʰؼ֮Ϊڹźǿ澣ʮ˴嶼䶯ˣҲʮҫŰּӽףЩԭ۸ǹ¶ĸٲʼֺ
ΪҲǣԴӻȥ׵˶Щ̤żʰǧѡնҽַϵһţżȻܸԣѵõ൱ò鶼ãסֽһ֪֪׵ģʰǰҲż棬ҲԸģǰӱ㽻˸괺ס
ôн죿˵ˡ ʰ̾˵˳ƣﻹԸһӳիֻӿһ˳˳ģ³ɡ
˵һ֮ģҲΪշһʹˣֻû뵽һľȻıʰˣҲ֮ϲˡЦ˵ҿɲҵҾ˵Ϊ˰㣬ֻǻǮ°ˡ
һһĴʹѾͷ㹻ʮˡʰ伱˵Ȼ˭ĶҺãһֱܷġ
⽥ߴ˸Ƿ˵˭˵㱿ҿúأںʱ֪ȥ
۾Ʈ޵ʱҸױҪʲô͸˵һѽǮĺء
ʰ߷·û˵ӣȻԽͣԽԽ˵ʲôˣʰæӴߵŸҴ˱ӣɺãһҲ˯ˡ
һҹ˯źξͲϹһμˡõлٲϱ뿪һμˡ׼ȥһμˡһϣǸոմãЩͻȻͱסǶԴԽԽƾôѲ
ʱеĳһѡΣˡڽ֮ϣŮվڵ£ڴͷţȴͻȻŮܳϵӣ߲ϸʱȴͻȻ˴ˡץѾˣ㻹ң
һ۾ŵξĿ߲ɵ͵һЦ룬ûƵΣôμ񻪣ѡ㣡
Żû꣬͵Զˣϲ⣬æߣյǰԺͿԶһܣһЦ˵ôˣ
ûǰԶѾһŵֵǰ˵СЩá
֣ˣ
վסӣɻʱյϣЦ˵ٹ£Ҫˡ
һ£׹ʱæȥĶӣܿǰһ㣬Ǹ΢΢¡һ㣬Щһϲͨǰʱ˵ʵǲǲ߶ǲҪһֱڴţѽϽȥŰɣ
شһԸʰ䣺ݸŶ̫ҽ㿴죬죡
æһжãšЦųסʰ䣬˵̥ȣ˵ˣһֱţһճͺá
ܷģ׻Ǵʰȥ̫ҽָԶһһҷȥͷѾͷʰ˴죬￿ˣûڣԶˮʳӵøСź˸ֱߣԼڱһվĿתš
Ц٩˵˴ģĻա
һۣЦǰܴȤң¿ɺãֶһ˸Ȥ
Ц绨ݹģȻӹʮ˳ģǻϲǸпʵô֪һˣ
¸ҴšЦ˵Ҳ㣬ǡô˵̥ȹ̣ʵ߶߶Ծ͸ˡ
ȻǴˡǰֳдˡίĶѾˣ 
Ų˵ֵҲû뵽¾ȻҴţ˵ȻھУҲ˵½Ϊ潵£ҹȥʶļöѾ˵˭Ա¸жµģΣ¶֡
ȻһЦö˶˵˵ֻʲô
˵ǣ΢΢һЦãҴԼҲµһЩǵ£µɣԼ㲻ʹ˰ɣҿ֮ԸҴţӦþʾãðɣеǻƽ׵ã֪һҲ󡣡
֪𣿷ֿһ꣬ôģЩˡ߲⣬ôԶ·ʲôֻܸңó
ֱָָߵСЦҰϵĳ˵ɡ㲻ãǰܳԵĶˡ
Զڱüͷ˵Ե˵ģһԵ̫أ
߲Ц
ʱ̫ҽڱţ̫ҽ˵һжʱŷ̫ҽ˵ǷĻÿȥΣ
̫ҽѾԸ¹٣ÿһչһƽİɡ
һ£Ȼźˣ
һʱԽ֪϶ڿס£Ҳ֪϶ģԣźˡǴܶ
̫ҽǰŸߣһڿǰͣ£Ʋ½Σ̧ͷŴġֿ֣ʪ۾                        
лҪ˵·īǳ²˭

 130 

ߵϢʱ, ƫ, һƼ㼱ȴֲ˵, ֻĿƵض
ʶظϵ, ҹǸΣЩЦŸμ, ˾Ȼ, ܲӵİɣ
Цʵһɺãôûһ
˵, ȴеס, ŵԼҪĸײ֪
Ӳ, ɫҲЩ߷ߵģ, ߱µԼ߲ƣԭҲûʲô飬Ҳø, ֱӵô˵ʲôҪң
̫лӯӯ챨˼ִѡĵˡ񻪵, ֪ɣ
Ȼ֪, лӯӯǺĸߵŮ˶ڲ²лӯӯԼڶĻʺѡһµʱҪѡ, Ȼʱˣ
ֻǣר£ʲôΣ
Ҳشֻ˹سŲ裬ۿԽԽסЦ£Ҳ֪ô֪
񻪱˰죬ЩżѾ϶Ѳϵѿ˵ʱѵΪѡ㣿һлҾ֣ѵΪ˿һǲ׼Ҳѡ
һسסЦЦҲ̫Ƣˣʲôɵ˶ܵҰˡ
һ죬æлȴǹִ˵֪ҽײ˿ǹҸԸţֻұҪʸף
ʲôߵȻлӯӯǲ鲻ԸģΪʲôȥ֣ܵǾҺ˵𣿡
ҴӲˣ̱׵ȥ̫лӯӯ˵ˣлͣϼңҲҿ
⵹ˣ˼ΪʲôһҧǼٵģߵ
ǰҲżлӯӯö˶˵ģģ񻪵쿤Ͳòܼˣɵ£
没ҲãٲҲգʲôɣ߼һζֻǻɲ²⣬ûʲôʵƾ֤Ҳʲô׽ѵҪرԼûбĻ˵ȥɣû
ߣģҪȥʱʰѾǰɫ˵´Сذɣݵڿǰ񣡡
Ѿߵſڣʱˣδ̫
վס˽šԭֻǾûͷûԵģʱȴЩͷ㵽˵ʲô
лӯӯѡǲǿ˼񻪿ʵ
˵Ҳ֪¡ߵ
񻪶ؿߣȻﲢϤȻ̹ȻȴһйĲ֪ˣôⷬڵشһЦҧ촽㲻Ը˵ǿûв֣ǣǾֻǡµ˼ˡ
ǹ֧ʵͻȻʧˣ񻪾úͷֻŬɴ۾סᣬͷ૵˵ѾԸ˸ﱸ飬ȴ̿ˣȻˣΪʲôҪ
뷽һʱۿˡԴߵΣǹӸոѿİʱ˪һ룬ٺ湬д˴ˡﱸߴϢԽĻ䡣
һ빬һǰĽˡһҲĸڼùЩڿУˡг߸ûˣףˡ˵鷿ʱһ֮ģģȴǰҲûС
ѵҪΪһôһﶼûԼˣҿĶƺûѡĴ㡣
񻪾ʹһӣ빬ͷԭΪֻˣ˭֪ûãִ뾩黯ӰϢֹһӣз׷Ȱɻʵճɻ飬ʱѡ֮ʽ־ϲ
ǰǿѹȥİĽ˲ðͷҸǿĿģϰݡ
ӢȻʸŮȻͷ˼ңһҲֻܱһˣ뱨ϵŮ񻪱뷽Ĵ׻뾡취ĳԼȷְ֮Ůδһ飬лӯӯ֮⣬û֣лӯӯСĻˣ񻪲ƾŵˡǵ֮ģƾǵ׵ıãҲܳΪҪŮأ
˭뵽ȴʱˣ
ʱòãѡ֮ǻҪвۣһֱſĶ빬ݣˡĵѺ˼ȥлӯӯ漴˲ˣһһԭĳ񻪳ʧȥ侲ƾһӷ߼ֱ֮š
ʱʧˣֻʣڲϤǰ̹¶µκĵʧ䣬񻪵͵͵˵˵߾ߣҲϧµ棬˵ֻ
߼Ҫ޳ˣҲƽϣֻ˵ʲôɣ
Ȼɵġ񻪿Цҡҡͷпڣмйˣɨµ棬ҲֺѿסĵطùĶԭⲻţʱֻ֪Щ˼һڱҲϿһָͷ˵䲻¿ĻЩѡģԼû˭ɵſ
ԭˡģôͷ΢΢һЦΣ
ǰΣ̧ۿĵ˵õģ¿ôϼأ´ԼҲ˵ʲôֻЦԼУ಻ܳѡ
һضɫ߸˵ۿֻڿϣҲҸʲôҼȻѾУ;ˣ³嶯егͽ䣬Ҹܡ
һҪͽһԺ󲻹˭ܵﳳ¡룬Цӯӯ˵ôͰ⿤ǰǰɨһɣʲôʱɨɾˣʲôʱȥٸ˵
񻪵ҲӲһӦлʣ
ռؿ㣬ɨһʱŽŪ꣬ȷϵϢϹʱֻⲻǣѵһŰ˴ߡ
Ժ񻪵ĻЩɻлӯӯֻ²ûôͻȻѡѵǴˡ⣿ôΪʲô
Ӵ֮ߵʼѡ£Ȼлӯӯѡ˼ȴûʲôһжǳ񻪵޶˲²⡣
ûǹţˡȴҲټߣѡɵسﱸţ³ٽ޵ʽʱ򣬾еĿջѾ˲ٴظӦѡŮݺݺģò֡
һ磬ͣڿǰֹЦ˵뿤һˣ뿤ϴӦĶ                        
лҪ˵ѡѡ

 131 

ݼ˴ˡ
վ֮ǰ, 춯ʱع, ˵ˡ
βɭɭϸϸ, ӳе, İȣҲǺܾûԵ, ͻȻ, ǰĴˡǰԼϤǸˣЩһˡ
ȻЩطһأ˵ֻǾϤİ, ˡȥ, ûǰһЦôѡ
ǰʱ, , ֶԸԪȥĺŨ֮ʱ˵ˡԼڴ˴棬Լʲôɣ
ˡܶ, ߵǰʱȴӵ̵ķȥ߰ɡ
߳, ȴ, ɵͣסӣͷʵôˣ
߾ŵİ˻ΣЦҴЬӹ, ²𣿡
ˡģȻǺʵģҪԡ
Ȼ˵ţ߹УȴֲȥֻѰ˺ӱһʯ£½ϵľЬµġ
̷ݼ˿Ϸ죬ڽȫȻоȻĸġˡ̧ۿ߱ЩζЦ⣺һֱ룬㾿֪ҵĳ룿Ҳǵ
ôܵĹôϤˣλҪأһУ߽ˣȷҵķӡ
ʲôӣˡѾֻЬˣվ˼ţʵ
ȻһЦ˵㡣
ˡ΢΢һЦ㲻ʣֻ¿«έҶϸѾЬ˷Žݸǲظˡ
ǹȻ˵ԶԶģˡźӵǰȥˮ˵ʮӣûţ񿴿ˮž۾Щ
ԭôæֵһֱ߲ʵܶ𣿡
ˡͣƬ̣ŵǡ
תһۣܿƿĿ⣬Ȼʹᣬټѡ㣬ϸǰﻮˣһҲá
ѡִ˵·ͷõһ£Ƭ̵Ļ㱣ЦǴ¡
Ȼʵ۹ᣬھеҲͰһ룬Ҳѡ㡣
ͻȻ䵭ȥˡˣһ˿ϲȴмֲȷֵȥµۼӣҳˣٸЩɡ
ӣҪٹһ²ܳ죬ĻȴҪʱˡѵҪȢףЩԥʱ˵ɣҲҾҪˡ
˿ϲͻȻȾˣˡͷ˵𣿡
߱Ц߹ˣͻȻͬطô죬Щϰߣߡ
ҿȻû˵ʵȫ˵ѡһº޴ˡսȭͷѹӿĻϲȥˣ
̧ͷһۣЦһΪҪװ֪أ
ˡ΢΢һЦѾȥţûȥɣ
ôһС£ȻҪ⣿Ҳֵ񻪸ҴЦ£µĻвģ
ڴˡô⻰Щ⣬Ĵס΢΢һȣѾ֪ˣҲұûٷ  
ǰͤˡͤȥЦ˵㲻ɣֻô˵űأֻϣиʲô񻪡񻪵ģܵҼ֡
Ȼˡˡ͵һЦ˵ңأ
أĵһһЦһʣͻȻľ룬·ʱصһǰ޼ʱһҪһȴҪ룬ԥƬ̣׻˿ЩЦ˵Ϊ£ȻǾη
Ҫģѡˡ̤ͤŴڳ£ߵ˰ɣЪһЪ
ԥһ£׻ԶԶˡŴգֻͻȻһĻĻػǰ
ʱͱˣֻҪܾʵۣΪУǿᣬӦ㽫ѹڱϣץ˫֣ܲ˵ţţ鼸Ҫѹ־ţţȴֳţΪţˣ໥ȴ໥໥˺
ǿѹзҵĻ䣬ȥȴȻˡ˵ٳ񻪽˵յΣ´ˣлӯӯѡҵ˼
ҲԼôлӯӯԼĲˡЩ΢΢ʧַڴȴ˴򿪣ֻϧˡ
ϧʲôˡʵ
ϧƽ״ˡЦ
Ĵˡˡ߹վǰĵطûʲôϧġ
ʶ˿һˡ̱˵ֲ㡣
ǵʱɫ߱űűȥ߰ɡ
ˡһʧȴǸ֮ͤһֱ㡣ʱʱ򣬾ͻһ飬ǰһΡ
Щԡڣһɻң˵ôࡣ
ҲǹʵǰҲǶѡ㣬ҲͬĲȷԼĹ⣬ҲͬĹȻȴܲԥ
ܻͷҲദǢΪѾ뿪ֻҪͷǾȥһʱźһӵĳദǻͷҲһֻɴǰ˴˴˺һľǵĸ顣
߿˾룬ЦԼǹͷ̫ˣ£һֱ߶ģǲôǰ
ߣˡס֣ǰαѣ
̫òһʱЩ÷֣ţôѣ
̫˽ˣˡͷ̾Ϣһ˵ƭңҲͬҡ
ȷšȻһʱķ֣һϸˮֵõġߵ׻ǳ鿪֣תǰȥ»ȥĶ
ˡһʧԥʲôѵһô࣬ı⣿̾߼ظɡ
ȻҲߵͷʱ򣬸Ĵžǰ߸Ŵˡ̤żȴ첽ȥ˺ʱȴţתãƿš
߸ߵ⣬һȫʱİ裬ߴµƿв«έұߵڵԷţȴڴʱͻȻֿļϹ˵Ľһʯɫ۷
⹬˭
ѵס
ˡӲֱͣȥ߸߽ȥЦʵ¸òסɣ
ʱ򣬻סˡ˵
̹ȻߵЩ֪˵ʲô̿ŴҹǵýؽЩô͸磬
ˡЦһ£һֱ˵Ȼ㲻˵ôɡ
ߵǰͷס֣Ҷ⣬һ統ߣɡ

 132 

˫ֱ, ˡ΢΢, ૵ҴδȢˣʼ, ֻҪ㡣
ò׽, ʱȵĺϼŷ, Լ̰ͻȻ쵽˼, Ҳڴʱìܵ˼㣬ֻҪһɿڣܵõһ, ֻҪһɿ, Ҳпǰľ𣬺ľϧһС
ο, һӿ, һΣδлӡ
Ƭ̵֮߳, ûüڣˡѾؽ§е˵ߣ
§, ܸоĲ, ȻʶҲǼ᲻ɴݣͬںǸȷĽ֮, ţ˵Ǻܺ𣿡
ã֪ģáˡ§̰غϵϢ֪кܳһʱ䣬ûμ㣬ô㣬Ҷβ㡣
ε߱ǼЩᣬ§סʵļḧţߵֻҪ㻹ң͹ˡ
ôܹˡɬɬ˵ôһһ죬ĥġбˣҲһֱ㣬ʱһжزͷˡ
߳ĬˡҲԲޣλϣȴǲܲȢ˵Ķԣжô̹ĵĹֻҪ˱ˣأеİܻ᳹׳Ϊ
һʱ֮䣬Щ֪ȥδӡ
ɡˡ˵ǻúõģһΣһúõģߣɣԶһ
ԥţòŵûܹ֮úദҲΪֿˣһͷ˭˵ǰҪҰ˼㰴ҵ˼ˡϵԹ̫࣬ҲҲһԹ¡
ˡ§ߺû˽йҵˡ
һ̣ޱʶԼж벻°ͷļͷ͵˵ģǲΪԹ£㲻ϲЩҶѾˡΪԹִɺҷ֣ʧȥ㣬Ըˡ
߾۾ЩʪһˣȻ˵Ļż⣬ú촽սĶ䣬˵Ҷֻ֪е¡ 
˿̣ȷԼں¡գֻһʱãԼӲޣһԹŮˡ
Ĵһɲǣˡͬʱסӣ˳˼ĺĴ
ڼϢУڴľУ϶˵£ǴҲһ𡣡
ԥ־弸ĨһɶǿҵϢ⣬ʶر۾һֻ̣Լһ٣ҲԲȥ룬ǻڡ
ˡܸоеһȥһϲ̰ţ͵͵أǶԼǶ˵һΣҶߡ
ЩڸסͻȻ۾΢΢ʵл٣ΪʲôΪʲôͻȻˣ
ŨҵͻȻЩ̣ˡԥһ£ŵЩ¡
ǵɢ߿ʵʲô£
ʱܸ㡣ˡüʵ㻳ң
ҡͷȴԽȷֻ롣
ˡһʧɬɬʵΪл٣
ߵ֮䣬ûбˣҲջҲգҲպҲգֻҸˡ
ˡһЦſ
ίʵǱ֮ĥ̫ãҲЩš
ͻȻס֣֮ûбˣûбˣֻҪ롣
ãˡʵҪã
ȴЩҪãԼҲ֪Ҫá
һ󳤾õĳĬڣżŵҵ㡣
߿վӰĿɬĳȥЦݸá
ʻţ߿ڰϣ΢΢۾
̫áѡ㶨ʮգʱϣҲϡ
ǰûǣңܹη壬һǰҲȷͷһĻһٷԣû롣
ݵԽԽѡҪͷ
չѾ³գîʱ̻ʹ޵ѴӶųˡٹ˳̤ããҹɫѵɽᡣ
ĶУһСų̽ͷ⣬ǰ
̫Զȿ޵ѣҲˡڣѺƵĹâ˴գľ֦ҶǵøɿήӳڻҳĻϣԽԵధ
Ǹ졣
̾˿ԭϣһ̣ѽһЩԭΪˡ˼¿ˡԼǺˡ
һطڼӶ߹߶һȴǼֹæסˣֹ鷳´˵ýЩ
ֹӦˣȻһȥȴʼղ񲻶ƺԶգ˼⡣
ʱ֣ɽɽڣѵ̧ɽȣǴˡȴڴʱеɽͷͻȻɱ𣬸ʿųһʯ˲סڡ
ﱩ̫ӣұ֮У֪˭ͷߺ
ֻһԽԽ࣬ԽԽ죬ǧڻӦĶʱɧ
ˡ
͵ƿţҪ£ֹȴϢð˳°Ȼ뿤ġ
һֵǰԭˣ
ڴʱͻȻһ䡣ȾͻȻұ󣬼ʸͬɻһ㷢ɽͷұﱩĽȻֹȡ֮һҽУʬʯм䣬¡
ɽ£סֳֶƵĻھ˷ӿסĶˣһӴŵǰ˾ɫԽ˷ܹ߳ߣܵĶ
˻سУһ
ûв´ĻЩұӦǹԪˣл֮ԱȥȾͻȻ빬ͻȻǣΪ˳ﱸսЩһ򾡡
ˡŲߣǲϧԼΪǣϧ
Ļţʱ˿̣߲֪Լʧȥ
֪˶ãͻȻͣסųлٵЦǰˣɡ
̽ͷȥΧĵģĶ鶼ˣӹͣһƬֱϣһС·ͨԶ
ȵ۵Ѿܵȥ˵꣬·Ҳȥˡǿɻлٽ͵·ĴһڽɽߵĻʡһ·̡
ҪѾԼ˳ӣ첽ȥлٸ̲Ửڽŵ·죬Խĵܰ˼㡣
ߡ
ͻȻлͷʱлվЦЦؿҪˡ
һ£һʱЩ⣬л˵һϣ浳Ҳ½ҵ鶼Ѿˣ׼ȥߡ
ÿһֶˣȴ֪˵ʲôֻؿ
л߽ˣͷһЦߣҵһ㣬Ҳһ㣬ҪҪһߣ
ߺȻЩˣΪԶῪڣǾԶܹµദȥȻǿ˿ڡ
ͷĬĬ
лѾ֪˽֣Ȼȴòʣò˵֪˲ңûϵҲʣҲƽϣߣԶɵġ
۾ʪţЦţҡҡͷ
лЦôҲֻһˡ
߽һٽʱӻһӣ޽ˣҰһ¡
ˮʵĹУ߿ˣõģǰѽᡣ
лأһذɢҵ鷢ȥᵽϵҶζһ˲̡
лͣס֣ӲŨܵķУЦˡ
ĺɽϣӣ񻹸վʲôҲûסҲá
ߵʵʲôʱߣ
ȴƳаɫطһǣǴˡ
лҪ˵ΪҵСлһޣǸ衭

 133 

ʱʱ, , ľʺҲڲԣлͥ, ˡٹٺҡǰй֮, ʹ޾ٰ
߹ھˡĵطݵıӰ, 
֮ǰʱ, Ҫ׷Ȼߵü죬һ·׷ŵĵطʱ, ĶҲ, ֮ͥ£ȴҲ˵ʲô
𷽲ŵ, ίʵЩ, ˡķӦҲˣȻ, Ȼ˵ﻹǲܹ̤ʵ  
޹ر, ߼Ⱥݼ֮, ֮󣬲ŷִˡ֪ʲôʱѾˡ
Ѱң߹˵лع, ĩͿظ
ص˳ŻعȻΪ˴ԪȻأ
δʱ֣ﾡͷԺĴ򿪣һ̫һ·СУڶԾױĹԪ˵ˡ 
Ԫں촽ϵ˿֬Ȼȥ̫ӣ
ٴζԾԼױݣ·ȥƺԶ߲ͷΧһƬžֻԼĽŲĸǽ֮صš  
ԣѶô˰
ͷͻȻӿһɲԤУԪʶͣס˲ӡ
ڴʱڴȻĸ:ĸףĸף

ԪӦſ߼ȿɷֻվڣһʹĸףĸ׾ң
һعڣˮǴˡ
Ԫ͵ͣסŲϵѪɫʱʧˡ
һվǰˡ
ҲǣȣЧڴѾûʣ¼ţߵǴˡĶĿΪɲΪ˲δɱþеӣҲװԼǣȥˣһܣϴһ  
ͷԪȴֻվˣŴˡ˵ֱӹˣ㻹Ǻ
֤ȷ䣬һΣӲˡ˵
첻ϰң޻˵Ԫ˵δң
ı֮߱ˡƽ˵
ԪһЦ˶òˣң㻹˭
˴һۣĿתصˡϣףɱ㣬ؽܾǧָλѱҲң
ˡɫƽ޴Ӳں˵ʲô
Ԫһȴڴʱˡ˵ʼݱ֮ʱӦζߵһ
Ԫ޵һǰЩƲϣʱһǴʵƣǰ籣ҹΪʺ󣬲̡֮ܵ
ˡû˵һǰԪĿһɺɱơ
ùȴͨһˡˣ޺˵£Ĺĸΰɣұ֤ԺҲˣ
ˡܿ񣬹ԪȵˣǴҪͷô
һһˤ˾Ʊ첽ȥ޵ڵأıӰ૵˵ĸףˣô졭
Ԫ³ˣϺԪǱصĹ൳ڶɽͼ߱ı׼ĻʵѸƽԪȦвı֮壬Դ֮󣬹һװγ
߽ӵֹۡʱѾǵ졣ҴҿʵûбĻ𣿡
ֹСֻۡ˵бĻ
߷ۡԸ  
ֱβԡ֮ǰеҪõĴ𰸣ûһ첻ǲʵģǴӵԺȲʹټҪʸס
仪ʱӭл̫£뿤ԵƬ̡
߸һ·С鷿ʱԼᵽһɵҩζɵʵܹܣڳҩ𣿡
Ц˴Ǳµ޹ô˸ҩ
ȷûб˸ҩѵˣæʵôǱڳҩ
ܿûС
̫죬ģ̧üЦЦ˵ģ 
ô
ʾСڼ߷裬źЦʵ뾩ͬǱסĿɻϰߣ
ҲԲ裬ֻ߶ѰҩζǱ߱ȾгʪЩӦ潥ϰˣҲúܺá
ǱʱּⷢϵڶʹҪԱ;Ӧþſ
һ¡һŮӴϵУֲſӣԭСľ裬һ·߹Ӳκεɧšȴк
ԭһ߷֣һȴά
һ˲˼㣬ǡڴʱϤĽŲ죬߻ûعѸЦݣ¡
ŲԽԽˡ߽˰֡
ˡؿߣˡ
ˡЦӯӯؿʵ⼸æһֱûϢ
ߣˡ߽ˣ̾˿ˡ
ĳȥЦȴԽģҲס
ҶˡˡԽȥ£л١
Ҫǹ뾩𣬽˶ѡߵ
ˡƿĿ⣬֪лҽ͹
ʵ²ң
ˡҲԼ
ȥ޾ƣΪҸ߹Լһǻἵʣ᲻Ỽûʧߣ֪Щ㲻ҪģԹܶΣһˣҾŹԼ
ɬɬһЦվߵһ
߿ÿһȻֻǲš
ô᣿ڼ֣ûһ죬ȶͷ
ô᣿ôܲҪˣ
ߵǰ΢΢۾֮䣬ûбˡ
ôϸֻҪһ֣ܴȻˡת˼̫Ѳ²⡣ôˣҲǱزٵǸ
̾һԽԽͣϸͷβҪ㣬ңǿпޡߣһֱϷ֣Ѿɢ˰ɣ
߰ԼΪġ
ҿġˡҷˣˡ
ƺ˵ʲôȻûȥзȥֻһ仰ȻҪˣ
ڻлУҲ֪ʲôصĿһҹȥۣɫûʱƿ˽
Ҳ˵ûҲȥһֱڼ֣ҲΪϷ֣ǲߵµĵزѾˮѾŲû˵ôܷ֣
Ȼûˣ;ˣ
ȻһЦеʰ䣬Ҹ£Ҫ
î֮ʱˡڴϣų£ͻȻһ󼱴ٵĹԶȴǵĽġ
ǽڵ⣬н˲ſ죬˶һʲô˸Իģ
žͼ첽߽£ֿȻگʥ
ˡңң⣬лްòŵ
ʱͼɫӯ߽УĿⴥʱüһЦ
һʱ֮䣬µĳͻȻĵ˼㣬ˡʶס˺Ŀ⿴ŵɫᡣ
һõģʲôگ
ſţ߽ˣڽ֮վ߸߾گ飬߷ȻگҪޱ£
лҪ˵һگǻǵðɣٺ~

 134 

Խٽѡ, Խò, 澹ѾʳѰĵز첻ĸ, ҲĲ跹, ֻ
ϸͷѾͷһ⸱ģ, ߶˼䣺, ôˣһ費˼ģȥӾͰˣôȥѡ㣿
ص˵⼸ǲ̤ʵ, ܾѡ²˳˳, ĸף˵ֿǱ, Ĳʲô֦𣿡
Ҳû, ֻܰο˵˴飬ˣ˶Ҫӵ, οǻǱ£İɣֿͷ, Ҳ϶Ӧ
̾, ˵Ҫǽѡ㣬Ǹöá
Ȱһ, ֻǿ˵㷹˵Ѿͷ˵Ҫ񻪹ȥһˡ
ʱ䣬Ǹոɢ񻪲ѵѡ˲ӣȻǸŮֵͲһɢ
ææȥ鷿һüͷ˵糯ʱ򣬲ֿȻگȥˣȻگ棬ͻ˱¡
񻪴һֻͷһ˵
ϾŮ͸ֵٽʧǵģ׻Щ̣Ҳ˵Լ
Ȼع񻪽Ͱ͵ʵأ
µʱ˵ҪֿΪʺ󡣡͵ɢʱ顢仹ҹڽﱸ¡
ѡأ񻪼ش
͵û˵Ǵ£һҲŪ꣬ʮ϶ǲѡˡ
ǰѡ»֮Ҳ̾ѡֻʣ¼죬ƫƫûȵңͻȻãԼⱲҲȲˡ
ڶʱּȻʽ䲼ֿΪʺ󣬻ڶ³ա
񻪿ЦҲֻʣ²һµĳﱸʱ䣬ûôæģʵ۾ļ 
ʱּ£ֿΪ򣬼̤ѡַӪֳָֿҾλĸΪƷˣͽ񼪰ؾոڡ
Ŵּйһ𵽽ҵģǳ䵱ɲɡʹߵ飬һ֮ڣ
ʱɳ֣ŽҴһ˴ǰҾܲϺ͹γ̤յļʱп˼㣬ΪЩΣѰߣ֮¶Ԥ֮⣬δ䣬ԭΪӴ˾ֻ£˭֪󣬵һ壬ȻľȻ˽ҡ
ֻϸĵ˸ŷ֣ȻҾ»ԷȴõκھƷ޼ģȻϯԼСӻʸûУһʱھдΪ̸
ʮգԭѡ֮ڵ죬گٴΰ䲼ͣѡ㣬ѾŮԸѡģɵõŮ캱Эͬ͢ɳͻؼҡگϲû˵ԸѡĸδãȻЩ˿˷򣬵ϱѡȴҲʹ죬̾ͷ캱ɳһ·ţػ˼ҡһԽԽζǰŮҲűѡ˳ĵģŮһ߰˳ɡ
Ȼ¶ŵüţµʱɲɡɼɳɡҲŽصذˣŷϺȥסڶδ㲻ô˹ַ͢گʰװѣΧǽһƬ԰ӣӣҵȸɫľеĻˮΧǽһȦȻһ£ֻº
ڰŵ˲ִ٣ԭ˵Լʵ۲Ըż飬þ찴Լѡ㣬ȻۿѡۿӰһæңųֻбƽʱõģּ䵱ʹߵһɫǳس򵽻ʵ۾Ȼʮ׮£˵ʱȫ˿ڷ磬ûвĽֿõĵġ
ЩڶѡŮֻԺеĵඣµ̸ʱܻô˵
һƬæ֮УΪСڶ֮󣬰ܹˡ棬ĳٷҪҲ޷׼ޣҪÿոǾֵŮѧϰʱǣзֵŮټι֮⣬һ¶ģÿеģЩһ£Ҳ޷˼ӣҡ
ֻǻȻ֣˰ǲʹʺ֮⣬˽ˡδʲô˽ܵ˵گʱͷβˡйʲôϲɫԼЩ鲻Ը
һδԼƵòܣǺӵҲδûԹԣοӣԼﻹҭһֻҪ޹ȥź岻
գ֮䣬㵽³մ֮ڡ
컹δʱٹѾ볯أˡͨڡɴۣǲʹʺ֮ء𢡢֮꣬ϻʺᱦگ֮ʹڹؽʺ֮ύ̫ʺ̫֮ˡگֲᱦֿӭʺ빬
ƺƵȥˡӭɫ΢΢۾һڷ
Ѷֻ
ֿУʢװߣ⣬ȼʱʱңңʹ½ţ߰˻ʺᱦ֮߳ţֻţڹĴʹȥ
֮ʱǰڳ˰ٹ١ҵİӭ֮ţŮٵ֮£ȥ
һ̤֮Уһ۱㿴˴ˡɫŵ⣬߽ʱ΢΢һ£ɫȴаָı䡣
ò棬ʱէһǽסĻϲǰŮٽϰ֮ʱ֮뵱£ȻʱңŴˡ̲סȻһЦ
鱦貣ڼԣȻһЦ֮ɫе䱦Ӷǡ
ˡͻȻЩƲסŬסǣŲЦ
ȥǰʱһҾ̧ۿһЦ
ʳϷʳ˲ˣʳhƣǾڿѲص۾ƣȻ𣬺ζȴǰԵ¾ʱˡƼƤϡѾȾһĨɫԭǿƽŵĲ
ôãôãõ
Ȼ˲ѱСĽ
ָŹ˳¾ʳйǰˡɴۣϳ޷ȥʺ޼䣬С̵˺ܿ춼˸ɾ΢춯ˡȴٳûн
ֵһˡû˼Ƭ̣߳ȥ뵵Ĺ֮£ͼˡߣžƱǾȴҲֻ￴š  
߽ˣЦǵ𣿡
룬᲻ỹһگˡ̧ۿеĻֻʲô
£ȻһЦס֣ݰɡ
ƿϲʲ£ڴߴˡOO@@µһӾͿ쵽˲ٿ졣  
ϲе־壬»֮ҹʴӡ
ˡܿ£ʶر۾Ȼܿͣסڴߣûй
۾ŵˡ
ʵιУֻںڣü

 135 

ϲǡڴʱһĵƻ, Ӱҡҷ, ߿ߵˣЦ
Ĵˡ, õ˼, ί˼Ĵˡ̲סҪ, ҪƵϤǸ, 뿴޷òܲ˵ز
߲֧, Цʵʱ, 㵹Ǹңôڷ
ˡʶؿһ, , ࣬µǰɿˣ¶һѩɫ, ׵ӵ಻ɫģ޵˽סҪȥ
ͷͻȻЩʵĸоˡæƿĿȥͷϲŵ˹, а취
벻ʲô취, ϸ˵˵
߿˵ŻὫԼ, ɴˡܿתˣŷһ棬ûʵڶΪ˵ɢˣƫɢ㽫ζֻҪڡ
͵һЦǶôڣҲҺڣʲô 
Ҳڣˡ˵ҲΪ㽫ˣҲð
ԽЦȥҺˣô᲻ð
һ֪ˡӲǲϻֻˣ϶ҪߣҸô죿ߣǲߣߣ˵ʱҸô죿
öⲻת߰˼°ⲻԺıЦ£˵ֻ㣬ѵ㲻Ҫң
űһɫ֮Ϊڴ˿˼㣬ˡ۾ҪסȻǰ̱㹴ճʱģԽ¶ѣæˣ
ֻҪһܵõˣܸһȷĽɼ͡
ô˵ߵ͵͵Цţϴ񲻶µС  
ˡҿڣֻҪһڣ߾ͻᱩ¶˿̵ѾڽеıԵ
ȻǳԸо쵽ٿôòܳŵʱ
ߵ͵͵ЦţִӴˡƹȥʵ壬ͣĲλúܿ졣
ˡͬһʱס֡
һӾ̫ˣٺõĶҲò
ˡþе־ŽŲȻһֻ̱ƹĲˣЦʵ㲻ҿң
˵ʱĺ촽ĶĲŴ͸綼ʧˣֻʣ  
ˡѵǰŲ˵㣬Ҫ̵̫ջȻôϰݣű΢̧ӣſ˰Ц绨Ҵǰô֪ôߣȲҿңҲ˵ѵҳ㲻ɣ
ˡҲͲסһ͵ؽѹ£һʱƵü޷ϣôԣ
ιУˡˮһľţͻȻЦצģһоգʵڽҪ£Ҳĺܡ
ڣ˭ˣ۾͵͵˵ŻȵĴӡĺ촽زһ¡
̾͸оɪһ£ˮ΢΢ˣǲֱЦ˵֮ҡ  
ˡЦȥ۵ļ͵͵ʵҲڣ
֮½ˣſˣ΢΢Ϣţȴ£˵
ˡĴͣ̾˿ŷſɻ˴ߡ
ϵѹʧˣȻʧ̧ȥʱͼ۾üͷýģ£ߴչȥִţôˣ
Ƶ˵ҷ˵ˡ
ʲô˵ˣʶǰţĵʵ
㣬㽫ڣǸ÷ߣǲš˵ˡˡ۾˵
ָļ̣ʵļ¹ճһӲʯԽ棬ָ˳·ķ϶ȥְ˰Ȼ̧ͷһЦôôȣ
ָĵطѸȼһƬ棬ˡͺһס֣ƣ֣
߳ԳԵЦţһֻҲỮţؿб˷㷽˵˵ʲô  
ﶼﶼˡҲͲס˫ֱסһ˫ֳ࣬ӸµؿҲߣ㷴ˣҲߣ
õͻȻŷһ£գ촽һı߲ţ΢ţͬЮƺͣЪ飬һһ١
´ˣڿˣʵѹȵļļȻٴ󵨣ʱҲֻܽر۾ҿǰȴͻȻָЩͼɵõͺһϲס  
ɱӺܿ챻ˡÿǰ㣬뿴㡣
͸ëķ϶߿͹ĺ£һκˮ£ԽԽͣԽԽ谭һˡ  
ݳһʹָ䣬͵͵һһжͣסˡ
񣬸˵Ĳһ۾ǰǴˡյ¶ţԼȴһ㣬̲סЦ
ˡ˲
ûü˵Ѿ̧һǣ˿ȻЩ˯ɡ
ϴϣ϶ǵɫˮ鶯ۣǶȡЦˡճ˯
ֻüһ˲ֱ֮УߵţţԽԽԽԽߣۼѾ˶壬˭һʱԭиߵĶ㡭
ʱֽѾģһˡĸ첲䣬ѹã߰۾ȥĸ첲漴Ƶˣ  
ûѡæ۾Ҫ뿪ң
ˡ͵͵ЦţãűչҧĶ京˵»֮ʱϳûгҲø˭趨ʡ㰮˯ʱ˯ʱû㡣
ԽԽ֣޿̣ˡ
ţˡʹԼɷ˵ȥ
ң߼ֵס˴ҹһû˯һʱ֣  
ˡƱȥģЦ˵ۺܹ֮Ϊʼҿ֦ɢҶ˹Ҵ£ô˵֣
˳ȥ֮ǰסĴ
ϲȼţɫڴ⣬ζеĴɫƺԶûоͷ                        
лҪ˵ٺ١

 136 

ʱ, н̵Žε޵֮, һϢ񣬾ȵۺٻ 
ˡһ, ˯ö, ض𴲣ӲйҪѵ, ֻǽۿѾǳʱ, ޵ȻԼʼղ˽ţЦƳ, ѯ, ҲЦ΢΢ҡҡͷ
֪Լ˼һ޶, ǲ׼ȥ, ʹ˸ɫֵµ˶˵ºţַԸһ, ֹһˡ治߲͵˵ɡ
æ룬߽޼ʱ, ȴˡ, δ·Ӹ߿ڴıʯӣзԸˮ, ԡ
ææشӦһЦҲǴӴˡСʱͽźˣˡ䵭Գ֣Ҫ˵ŮˣĸӶûУ⻹ͷһؿˡ´С⣬ʺ󣬻һܵôˡϲ
ȥĻû׼ܱܿСˡ
ĹŮʹɫԼϲ̵ȥ׼Ůæǰ¸߸߾ţżԡֻϴһѣˡӹŮнӹָţոԡù˵ɡ
Щȣҹּߴʱֻмճ壬һҲסЦðɣȥԡ
ˣˡҲö˵ֻͷ߼˵һ
һȣߺһۣ룡
ߵķֽ̧һͷƵĳס첽ȥȹȥˡ
ˡۻûдãʱ׷ȥֻ˵һ
ϵ߳⣬ԭ·ҲùֱӱȥԡŷԸţ˭Ҳ
źܿźãŮǷȥ·Ļããˮ߷رһЦ
ԼˡҲˣŲҪһϴ϶Ҫһͨڣ֪ôôõ
Ȼܿˡңš
ŮվĻ⣬ʶȥߣŲҶЦ׼
ԽԽ̧ȻȥɣҺܿͺãʱ򻻹ˮȥ¡
±ûǴˡѾˣ߻˹Ů巢ԡԡԭһһСӣȶϴһ飬ɴ»Сһ۾
ҹ˯̫٣ּʱůĳˮУָţϮ֪
֪˶ãоƺڸСȣ߻ΪǹŮԺ˵°ɣ󡣡
ȴͻȻ뵽ڳģĸŮû׼ȣȻǴˡ
΢΢һЩȥȻǴˡڶ棬̧ȷϥϣذĦţĹŮ粻֪ʲôʱ˸һɶ
߰۾һ£˵ҷԸ˽ôģЩ˸÷ˣҵĻɶԷ硣
ǲҲĻԼŽġˡԭֵһЩȻ⸱㼵ģܱסһסߵ㣬£ʵ㷽һֱ˵ۣЩûУ
ûУ۵һ£ŲŲֵģۣ֮Ǻòˡ
Ҹͺˡˡ漴ֻ˵ȣ֪˳űƣҲϲˬôܸˬ˰ɣ
һĿ֣֣أֶ
֪ˡ˵Żվ̽ȥȡرСϵʳУҼһհԵģȵɡ
һ֣Ĳ֮£¶ǿ塣
ϸȣ޳䣬ͬʵһ£æ۾ȴ̲סӽëķ϶͵͵ȥһҹղӣǿ̫Уʱӳų⣬÷ͻȻЩƲ۾
ԭ˵壬Ů˱һÿһ߲ϸһֺһѡ
ûУˡתЦЦ˵
һ죬ʶתȥȴŵһ£˭Ҫ
ױץסˣһֻʳУشսˣһǣ͵͵Цķǡ
Ŀ˳ź촽ȥɴ°Űļѩѣ໥ӳգʤգ¿ɴ¿°ƯˮϣһƬɫϼɫˡ
ˡԽԽֱʳһɴ¡
ޱɫֻʢš
߻ûüУѾ˻ȥĦţ̶˵㿴ңڣҿˡ
ƽˮҡˮֱ꣬ģ裬ǰϴˡ
ȳԡʱˮ˴룬ϣָöˡŲΪϸɾ·ָ޳ȻЩ  ´ȴָӣӴˣϵλãȻô鷳ҲǴˣǣһʱĿƳҵˮɵõԺôˡ
ˡɫ˵ɡ
̫ãѾһ飬ȳʱͿ쵽ʱˣŮ߶Ծױˡ߹ӹŮнӹᣬͨˮĳͷʪţŴ˷ǲҪȥɡ
ߴӾζ˵ѵҪҵɡ
ˡȻ֪˼Ȼ㣬Ȼԡʱۼƣ̱ۼˣҲҪЪЪźã˵òΧˣһ̣ҿг
ЦЦն˵Ҫ
ôңˡͷĶƻ󣬡Ƕһ̣ӮˣҵİţӮˣҾģΣ
֪̫ԶϹЦ˵Ҫ
ҲӮˡֵ·ŵˣֻҪ֣ܵӮ
൱źˡ߶ȻûʲôȤȻȴ֪ڴʲô⣬ãΣֻҪû䣬Ӯ
һΪˡ 
ֻҪӮ֣ϣòӦҹϵ¡
ڰʢ̴ľУɨһۣȴ뵱ʡիеһģһЦǳ顣
ˡЦ£ÿɷֻȡöλ£ߡ
岽һӣһ˵
ˡʮҲ£һڴӦã岽
ֻҪӮ̣Ǵɫޱߡ
ߺһۣ΢΢һЦ                        
лҪ˵ǲС֣ܲܵ

 137 

, յ, ɱ, һͻ, һֱϺɫռ˴Ƭĵ, ֻʣ¼ɢֿİӻڿ֧š
ʤƺʡˡӺһö, ȴٳٲ£ֻ˼ؿߡ
ҪҰܣȫȻ, , ôеģ˿ûż˼ȻԶԶ, Ȼ, ⲻɣȻӮǡҲӮ
Ҳ, ֣ˡЦ⣬΢΢̽ԽߣƺҪӮˡ
̧һЦ, ҡҡͷδء
ˡһ, ٿһЦҹٺú˵
еĺӣΧٴ, ̧ۿߣһӣҾӮˣҵġ
͵һЦ۲תô
ˡ͵ЦţԽ棬߼˵һ仰
˲һƿ֪ˣЦЦ촽Ҳˡ
ˡһ
վĿһᣬظһ飺£壬Ҳˡ
ˡûӦתȥ˵Ҳˣû䣬´ӦģֻҪû䣬Ӯ
ԭ֮ǰ˵⻰ʱ򣬾ѾСˡǺǺЦ׷ֵʲô
ŵ󣬻ˣô˵УߴҴǣǱ¶ĹأʹʲôֶΣֻҪû䣬
һȦףû뵽ȴȦף׻Ǵˡˡ΢΢һЦ˵ôҹ㴦á
һ㣬Ц㵹룡
ˡҲЦƻ󣺡ΪأֻһΣԺôɾˡ
ôЦӯӯôҵúúôˡ
˵Ǹͺܺãˡ͵Цţҹԣ
δ䣬ͼѸȾһĨ糺죬ˡ˵ѾֳԸױ
ŮǺܿΧӵȥˣ˽ܵĻȴǲ˵ˡδɢЦ⣬ظ˽ȥԱߵϣŹŮڼϵŨܺڷһ縷ֿһ̶أһĵٵĳα¶
ֻͷѣȻȴоԶҲԭƽһ£ֻҪҲϲˡ߸𵭵Ц⣬ܶɻ֮ΣȻʱ뵽ģЩǵƬΣܰճȴ޴ˣ֪˰ĵζ
ٺܿãŮױƣѡҪõΣˡ߽ˣһ֧˿ҪݸȴƳĸǰѽᡣ
ɫһͣƬ֮󣬴ˡ֧ȲϣžӶ˶֧꣬ɡ
̧ۿӯӯЦҼٴ¡أÿ𣿡  
ÿˡֻҪ㣬ôá
ھһЦԽԽ˵ˡ
ˡûзֻ΢΢ЦڱϣŹŮѹޡʤһһãԺһСǻһˣûʵĴҲҪѹסЩ貵ⶼģ׺ɫѡ
ˡſţĿⲻǰ棬һ׻ƿˡ
Ҳѧ᲻ȥʣѾѧ˽ܡ
Ҳøһˡ
һˡûдҲû뿪߰벽ֻӰظŸոճ£̱֣ɫˣЩЪɡ
ЪֻµʱЪۡߺһۣƵ˵ճ극ҪЪ׻ʳһҪ顣
飿ʶôãδаʱ
ˡ룬ãм㿴
ɷ˵첽С鷿ȥԭΪʲôֹģЩˣ̵˶˳⣬ˡ£ϥ£ЦǵǻҸ˵Ļ𣿡
Ϻһ߽ҪƿȴִİгһĲӷˣɣϲҲԣҶġ
ߴĿһʱǺ򿪵ҳû֣ɲǴ֮ǰָϷͼֻϵģԶҪ¶ǵöࡣ
ҳصˣˡҧĶ䣬мҲҪôԣڻʱʱ価
ԽջҪˡֻܽ§ס͵͵ЦŲţҪǲϲЩ߻м
ԽǺߣԽǵȤСߺ۹סĲȥ˵£ӮأҹΣ˵㡣
˵Żϣһҧһĸо˲鲼ˡʶ§ã˵㡣
ЩȻȥٿ˳ıԵҧţЦùأȥϴҪȥжױˡ
ˡ벻Ȼô˵ʱϲ⣬æѲвغãűұȥ
Ҫһӣˡæ֣Цӯӯ˵ȥɣʰøɾˣҡ
ˡＱУææݾ棬һգۼʰͣˣصʱȴ߻ھ̨ǰֻոհ£ڲǸӵĵ٣ʱ̧һЦºÿ졣
죿ܹˡ߽ˣɫŮԸЩʺˣҪЩЪš
Ů̼ӿٶȣת˲֮귢٣ַžֽţһʰһŴˡʱ޼ΣԷЦ
ѡͼɲô⣬ҹر֣ܵǾе˼
ȥѣ£߽޼䣬ˡȵһ̾˷Ըﲻź򣬶¡
£Ŵţˡ̱óЩӣ˼ҳ㿴
ÿ߽һƣҵľͺá
ƵöȻˡ˳һЦ޵ĻʺЩȲˡ
͵һЦϨϵ򣬹ʧˣƾżȥָոմͱˡҪѹ£ȴһ档
ˡһѹץںһЦϷԣҵġ
ˡδйʧȥƿصʱﶼǲӦȰ
Ц⣺ˡ˵㡣
ԳԵЦţһ⿪´¶ʵţŸӣʱʱصҧţһȥϯ˴ˡƿأʴӣȴֳһʱҪԼģһʱôȥϾζ֮ǰһꡣ
أЦԽԽᣬֱ΢΢ĴϢƺˣֻطŲ붯ˡһҲͲססϸҡţ
ƿصζԡ
лҪ˵С֮ǰٺ٣һ룬ǲҪСѰ~

 138 

»תۼ, ʱ, ˡ۾Ŵ΢ĳϰԵؿ¸©, îʱδ, ϳˡ
ԭʱԹô졣
΢΢Щ, ˡ, ؿ߻˯ߣü۵ʹ촽, ɫձ˯߸ο, һּټġ񾲵µĬĬӿ, ˡСĵشս, һǣƺǲˣ̧һ, ˵֡
ˡΪˣһûڣȻ˵, ַһ, ȴ˯ˡ
⼸˵ûʲô£ȴҲۻˣÿÿԹ˵, Ҫ˯ˡ΢΢һЦϢƵߣȰѽȥҵЬϣƿ˵أŸȥСĵҴ˱ǣ£һȥ
ֵҹĹ˼æǰ̣ˡԸþʺ󡣡
⣬ȥƫϴ£óʰͣٳʱֻͷһ⼸ĥϰʱʱ飬ϧӽ쿪ʼ͵ʰæ˯һУ»Զͺˡ
ʱתϰԵ£ȥѰˡŷѾûˣ۾һҴʵʵģշڼϵ·ˣѾȥϳˡ
֮ǰǽĹ棬ӡ
Ϊʺ󣬴û˯ʱ򣬹̫󣬾Ҫ趨ʡûУҲҪһʰǻʵйޣҪȻʵ𴲣źһУͻʵϳмû̫Ҳûɣˡֲ뾪ʺ󣬿̫ˡ
첻Ҫһ˳ԷһϳҲǹֿģһЦҪô컹Щˡ
չˡҴһյǰͼѾӭ˳ˡɫɵ´ʵʱģùŲ
ùˡЦߣ˵ɢ֮Ҫ׸£ôôͻˣ
ˡǸ糯֮ǵ϶ģʱƣ˵㣬ߡ
ȻҲţֻ´˵˼仰űſã£ֻܴ˹ȥҡ
תߣֵȥɣˡ
߱վǰĿͼ߳תͷͣƬ̲ŵлٽճ
òлٵϢʱէȻ߲һŵ֪ˡ
ȥ͵ĻǱ㡭ˡԥţ׻˵ȥɡ
Щ⣬Цݸ̣ؿá
ˡͣƬ̣䣬ȴֲ֪˵ʲôźãֻͷת뿪
ֻǵµʱȴôҲܹ£ǰ裬ˡѹʵ ʺʲô
ʺ˱ȥˡ
׻ȥˡˡŲյҲȣǳǵȴֻ¡׻ǹȥˣΣûҲûˡ
⣬лٰݱлϳȥõУԵĴɿȥԶֳʮͤķܣȴڴʱͤдһϤл٣
ȥ֪лٷһûˣԸЦݡ
֮գѾǹ٣빬أҲеİһڸ߸ߵ¥̨ϣĿķʻ򹬽лϵУҲŵۺƵ˵ȻҲΪ˵ģѱϣھûκǣңǸ뿪ʱ
ֻû뵽ݣȻ  
̧һͼ߶վͤУüЦЦؿװڼʱֻ࣬ǷѾĳ˸˵ʽŽĲͬлϲ౯δǰһҾʺ¡
߿һ·˳硣
һôһ仰Լǲ׼ϸ̸ˡϲв˸ˣлͣסӲǰ˵ء
תȥ̧ϵץУһԾ֮ʱƬ̵ͣ٣ͷٿһۣȻ׻һ࣬ҲƵˡ
ӣǧͷҲֻһء
ʱ֣ˡ񣬴ҴҸϻ˸̧䣬ױƣææȥʱͣ˲ӣ񣬴ˡһʱûӦʲôžͼӭЦʵ¶æˣ
æˡˡЩˣֿʵôˣ
ҸðȥˣЦ𣿡
ˡžƣǨãæֻ߽֣αذȥסŰɡ
۲תЦЦ˵ֻأ
ЩѡŮǣǳ񻪣Ҳ֪ˡδ
ˡȻ֪˼֣ɫҲǣֻ
ĵ׷һ˿⣬ȴҡҡͷá
ˡһʶʵΪʲôã
ߺһۣЦ绨Ϊ
ش˵ٻкӰɣ
Ѿ뵽˺ӣˡĵһһȻУԡ
û˵꣬Ѿᱧ𣬿첽޼ȥһҲ󲻵á
ʱߵ׻ǰֻˡҲһˣȵһסʮ죬ȴסһҲûʲô
˺˹һһʱͬסһʱͬסȻɭϣϢǽˣسҰ˵ۺ쳣Ӱ롣
ϢЩѡŮ˼УȻһζ
֮ʱٹ١ʹҡ䡢ѾơյڶʱԱ볯лƷߵǱ㵽ߵлʺдĿһŷ֮Уһ۱㿴վڷߵĳ񻪡
ϴʱ࣬һ˫ԽԵôмֳķ£ĿʱæͷֻվԽֱˡ
΢΢һЦϼʱһ˵ȻѡϢǣעҪʧˡ
֮һһģ˵Ще£һʾɢʱЦſڵ˵ϻסżǰӦѡŮеİնۣҲ֪ѡ㵽ʲôʱʼ
߿һۣż
󹬿飬Ī˵²㣬ǵʹʱҲ󷽱㡣ЦЩѡ㣬ҲЩи֣ŵһ̱ͬ£ҲЩ
ӦоУʲôģߺЦ˵˶ˡ
ֱܾӣһȻڨҪȥϵĳѾ˵Ůڶ¡ں֮Щдʱͺר£ΪŮӻãʺ²ѧʶضܹԶˡ
΢΢һЦ֪޶ۣԣѧʥ͡
ûϵ˵ôһ䣬ʱסˡ
Ϊ£汾֮ˣѽδ̫Щ Ц⣬̵ŮٷԸȥ͢һˣ˵ĻŮĵϰѳ´ȥ

 139 

ˡܿ˵, ȥ, ǹϲɫôҲβס
»֮ʱ, ŵ, ֻ֪п϶Ǹ˵, һôЩ, ɽɴش˳񻪣˿Ҫ, ʾȨ  
ҲΪʱʱἵ, ҲΪһֱǸ׷ˣֻҪż¶һά˼, 㹻ϲѡ 
ߵ·ʱ, Ѿţææ׷ܵͷ, ǰձƣӶͷбҲΪԵ÷ʴһսµ, һЩҪ, Ҳһ֮࣬һδζ˵Ѳˡ⸱ģֻǲ᲻صѵ˼, żӿ˲ӣȥ
ǶûɢŻʵˣæŰӭǰ棬û˵ʱˡЯߣ΢΢ͷЦ˵޸ոɢ㡣
죬ҪǰֵܣҪЩˣȫȻ֧ŵĴáȻһЦָڸģ˵λ˵أҪٵһ
ˡĿͥеˣô㡣
ˡ߲£˵ʱˡڱϣȻԲģһ˫ȴʼպЦߣǿⷬΣʲô׵ģԼʵʮʺĴãҵۺ֮䣬ȴи罺ᡣ
ԭЩĵģʱҲЪͷӣʺʣ²ŮȫȥʵҲ׷пܻҪֽкãŲϷ֣иʲôͷ 
վ˴֮Уԭһ΢ãϣŴˡ˵һ仰ֻǿһҲãȻʱһȥˣʼûܵȵκλӦʵϴһʼʹδκλӦ
ϣϨһ⣬ڳʧ񻪵ͷȥĵ˼㣬оһ˿ѡ
ˣӶˣӽٿˡ
ʱˡʱȥ鷿ģǰȥִ͢ŮʵûжŮûѡ
Ůٵϻоˣˣˡ
ʵˣ˭ҵģ
Ůټĺãһһ˵˵ˣĩֵֻǳŵ棬ûл˶ԻǩѺҲյճȥ͢ȷһΣٸ»ػ
Ȼѡ֪࣬Ȼǰµʮеʱ򻹲ĵ׷ʵ˶Իͨʲôʱ򣿡
Ů룬ͨɻϳѡֺ֮͢˶һ飬ȷ֮ٽɻһһʵԼỨһµʱ䡣
ϡǵȥѡѾôڽѡѾ֣͢ʱѾ¹ȥˣôܻ˶Թأ
Ǵˡ׼ѡ㣬ЩŮʲôģֻǸӡ
룬Ը㼴ȥȷһѡ鹬ûаš
ŮȻЩɻ󣬻ǴӦȥˣ߿ϣϸϸ֮ǰ֣Ȼඥĸо
ؾʱѡ޷رܵ⣬Ҳ  ˡͻȻ֣ʥּӦȢȻΪ᲻Ȼһ棬ҲʵΪֻʣ¼Ҫѡ㣬Ҳ֣һŮξԽӣҲ޿ء
ˡûѡ㣬һжֻǴˡƣҪŵȦأ
ӣó
˵ʲôˣ˵ʲôɣֻΪֻΪ˱ԥҡ֮Уϡ
øƻˣ
ʱңˡŴͷ飬뵽Ѿһˣˡӿ˲ӣȥֻһ޵;Щ죬ЩźĹһͷƺЩҿոսţ߾ͻЦӯӯӭȴһֱû¶棬ˡ˲ӣеĹʵʺأ
ǹͷԽˣʺ˯ˡ
˯ˣӲԼ˯ˡͻȻѵǲˣ
ˡæ߼޼䣬Źţһûƿŷ־ţˡɻüʵôˣǲﲻڣ
洫Цǡ
ˡԽɻýֵһˣš
ĽŲǰˡҪƣŲͣסˣ˵ţȥѰطЪɡ
ˡһϰûзӦʵʲô
Ҳ ЦЦ˵ԼðɣҪ˯ˡ
ڸ֣ʲô£ˡʶػͷһۣæ˳ȥﰲˣˡŷżЦʵôˣ
»ǺúԼʲô°ɡĵ˵ˣҡ
ˡ˵ŲѾԶˣ΢죬Լ˴ʣûжԼѾ˯ˡ
ʲô£ˡüͷ˼⡣
ϸ뿪ȥ鷿ʱúõģҲһʱĹ򣬷ʲô
߿ŴţַҳϸĶˡû˵ֻǾվǰֹһŲԽԽԶӦ뿪ˣĽľٶԼҪźĹѯһʱʲôͿܸܲЩϸڲµԭˡ
ʱһȥ⻹ǾĵģˡԾûл
ˣʲôУ
ߴ˸Ƿȥ˱ӣԭֻһֻ˯̫٣һ۵ʱ򣬾˯ˡ
ΰ֮ͻȻһ죬ûӦϤĽŲһǰˡɿƿ˿סŵЦССһţҲסң
΢΢һ죬Ƴһۣȥû뵽»з߱ڵ֡
ˡ§Ц˵ֲҵֻ̫㣬Ѳķӡ
ң߻ͷһۣйңҪʲô¡
޶ۣ²͸˼ˡûһǣЦһ˿ֺõζѵˣΪʲô
Ĳ²ֳǰֹǰգװͿ
ˡһ޹ʵ벻Ϊʲôҵ
ǰסһ§ҧĶ˵ʲôҲΪǺá
ȻѾ³ˣȴװͿҸһӣʱ´ŽȥЦ¼Ȼϲôȥɣֻ֮Ҫ²˵ҾͲ¡
ˡܿ׷ſڴץᱧЦ˵ȥﶼԣôһ
첽߻شߣ˿һţûüȥѾסббЦЦ˵˵ɣѡ㵽ô£                        



һ, Ŵˡ, ۲תʵȻ
ĵһɴ, ʵ, ޱߵɫͻȻ֮ҲԵЩʵʧһ, ˡʶסĽ, ָĦϸļЦӣȻΣ
Ȼ߱ŪЩ, ͵͵Ц, Ҫ֣׼һ˯ɡ
ˡҡҡͷ, 㲻, ˯š
Ǿˣ߰һֻҲЦЦ˵, ҿɲܡ
ˡץֻţһѹ˵, 㲻ܲܡ
һֻ, һۣʵѡô£
ϲʵ˼, ˡаһǣƣ˵ֻҪһ
û׼ѡ㣬ûдҪҲѾ˽ȡѡ㣬֮䣬ίʵݲõˡ
ˡĴһһģϣһӿİ⣬񣬵׻ƿ֪ȫĹƣʲôˣʲôҪŹԼȦףרһͷȥǲǣ
ˡ͵͵Цţȥӵסô᣿ֻͶ·òһѡ
̫˽ϲðգΨаƵͶ·ܿԼ⣬ſ̤һ
ᳶһ£ҪˣҪҸأ
ˡס㺬á
ǰܹǲãôô򵥵ûʶƣƻˣ׻ǰ˽ȥ
ԽԽ߽࣬һУػӦһһͻ룬ˡ϶˵ֻҪһֻһ

ڶ糯ʱˡּȡ˽ѡ㡣ʱʣµŮͲ࣬ǶҲ˵˳񻪳ײʺǵûʵ۲ϢԶ⣬Ͼʵ»֮УƫʺһЩҲ¡
ֻһչ۵ĩﻹֻлʺһʺĶҲʲô仯סˡ
ˡϳ֮ʼղع֮ʱҲֻǴ˴˵ã߲Щģʱʵæ𣿡
Щþ촦һ£ˡЦס֣ѾŪˣعġ
ڶʱˡȻţ֮̾ߣæҹŻ֪߱ԼͷʲôҪ£Ȳ˵Ȼǳϵ£߱Ҳûʣæ֮󣬽ָֻ
Ԫڹ뽭˫˫߽Ӽ֮˵˼䣬֪ǰЩȥ«ĸ㡣
«¶ãг´²ҪӼҵرѾһ飬Ҳװᣬ·İɡܵ
ߴ֮ϵûǣңھסߣԱ«壬Цʵ翴ţðɫô
񼫺ãһܳ뷹ÿ컹µܵвʶŰݷãЩϰߣ˵˽µȾͻؾ徲
ʺ½磬ʮ˴ЩȻҪ׽ҲǶ㲻ġЦô˵Ǿ徲Щ
ڱ˵ЩҲø˵֮ܵǰȥ죬һ¸ڡ
Щ£ҲֻǼӴˡ֪ҲԸϵǣȥĸİɣҶʡá
˵һʱ磬ϱˣܷ߳ȴվסˣԥ˵ű½Ŵĸˣ֮ǰҪѡģӳҰ¶Դ۷׷ףʲôǧϡ
˽Ҫѡ㣿һû߲ɫشʡãİɡ
뽭ߺ߻ǰЩӴˡ쳣æµΣЩˡֻһУЩȻҪõͷߴٴˡѡ㣬ԴˡӣȻòôǰ쳣Լ뷨Ӧԡ
жĿڶ࣬ˡȻܵˮ©񣬴ԼҲǲ֮ķҲ־µˡ  
ȻֻҪһضغ˭Ҳһţ
䰲˯߲֮Ŵˡʵ˵㴦˼ѡˣôҲ˵һ
ˡס֪˷ġ
ҲŲءЦŲŲҲ²£϶Щʰ˶Բԣ
ˡЦȻ§˵ЩһòȻŹ˵£һ첻ѡ㣬ɽһˮȡǼȻôϲҵ˽£ҾҲ˹ǵ˽¡
мһЦ鲻֪ԭоôαӡ
ǸҵʷŷңջƵأһɵΪҲֵܴͷѪѵһȥ¿ƽʿ֮еԭ䣬ѳδ뾩еҽףǰԭźӴֵǷꡣ
˵£ĶǲҪĹˡвҪĹԱ
ǰ糯ЩΪѡ˵ÿĭ֮ʱ֤һˤһͣˣְĳְ׷׷Ȼʱͣˣӣͣһӡ
ЦӢ
ŲЩЩǲǶҲڣ
ˡḧıģЩҵڣУҪ˵㲻źҪѡҡᣬӦ
磬һֱûأ
ˡĿǾʹбһֲʲô˲Ĵ¡
ȻһЦ仰ʲôˡ
ˡһʹԼϣЦô˵ҲڽЩźãҹ˾˳Ӧʱʱ֡

Ҳҹֵ̫ڶˡϳʱֻûģûͣʱؿҲЩƵģֻ˰ࡢۼӣұˣһֱʱûʲôθڣˡ˰죬ǿ˵زˡ
ԭΪ徻һͺˣ˭֪һһնͣθڵǻָˣͻȻմ֮⣬ƽʱЩ
ЩŹֵΣ߻Ϊתʱ任Եʣù˯̵¹ŮС˵½һֱҲϸ죬ǲǸ̫ҽƽ
һʵ˵
¹ŮЦū˵ӵˣеıô֢״ҲǴϲˡ
ʶסСһ׼ûгٹôãѵ˺ӣ
һϲ߲ҪԸ̫ҽתһ룬ôС·ݣԼҲﲻɣҪ̫ҽĻˡ϶ϹѯʣŪˣҪջϲһ
£Ƿ̫ҽ¹Ůʵ
ٵȵȰɣߵҪ¡
ٵһȣȰոʱٸϲ
³ʱѾʮ죬б˵ףҪ̫ҽˡǱɢ糯ʤһѾҵˣܽ
ϲ⣬æʵôöûϢΪҲˣôҵģ
䶯ɸضҪǼǣֻ仧׾죬ʱʮ궼ûϱЩܻҵˡˡ͵һȥİͶϵľ˾ˣʤǰЩѾˣϺļӻڣѾʱȥʻ
ĵŴ£ûд̫ҽڶǰϺӱһõػݹأ¶棬ֻ磬Լ棬ʵϣ֪Ϊʲôɣ
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