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̧ͷԼǸСͶ»˺һ˲㶡

׵ʱ򣬲СĸˤˣԴ¥ϡ

ڱײɵ˵ѹˣԭֻһ

ϹĿͷڳ˿㲻дˣ˻飬ȴĻصƶĿ˹ǣѾ˼Ź˵ǡ

ΪǱǵĴо˾ˣҲǳ͵˸ƫԶϵȫޣˡ

ٲ˼ؼˣ˹ЩֻҪŬԲġ

ʰȴǸ˻ȥ

Ҳ֮󣬳粻ǰαװ



ûǰǵǹϵĻӣаŮ鲻ϣ졣

Ƣĳǵ˸Ȥߣһʱʸʮ㣬ҲװõĹү

˶ڿ֣ˣȥµӡ

ΪԼ˴㣬ֻҪµĿ꣬Ϳ˳뿪ˣҵȣʼûеȵֲʳ硣

ԼԽԽС⣬۰Ͱų˵˵졣

ֱΪڵǹѡѡ뿪ˡ

٣ץǸˣǸȣlΣ

̣籩굽㡣

ע˳ף

1.ǼʱԱ֣ŮˣһǿԻ

2.û߼ŷ֮ص㣡

3.лQAQܲ˸Ҫлл

4.ģѪ磬ԵܲǿưӦаɣȻԼ֮ǰûзӦ߷ȵ׵𣬲ϲľͲҪȥ

5.صǵڶŷû߼һҪס

һͬʱصġǰ̡ڸӴ

ѾܷרԿ
==================

1

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ǽͣ۸ܴϾǵǣ۹ڡ
ͣ۳кܶ࣬ϵ»пнͨʮֱݡ
һ˳ΧɫҴҵĴ󲿷ˣ·Щˣϴĺܸɾ
ǵ˺ܶ࣬ĸĶУĸģ·Ǿ˵㣬Ҳֻ
Уƫݵۡ
ǰţƫס۾ֵͷﶼҿ촽΢һǲ̫˵ֻͣ˳ǰߣŲҲġ
ͷţһְĸое԰׵ɫ˿ЩĬ
лѲؼӣезһпеΣա
߳͸ͨ·ͣ
̧ͷŸߴ̫Щۣһֵֻ۾Ϸסչ⡣
ָֻ޳ƵϺÿָҲԲ룬ĸɸɾ
ǵ¥ܸߣҲƯ
Щɳ۶ķʽӱȻҲûоʽģʽķ˵ǲġ
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ƽЦŶ˵۽ǵƺԣЦţЩִ٣ڿʱ
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˺ܶ࣬ߵһڳҵλ¡
Ǻܴǿ˹ǵ½ȻҲȿ˹Ƕࡣ
Ŵһĸָ¥뵽ԼڹϿЩйصǵϢ
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ӵ۶ۿڵҪСʱĹг
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СҪҪԵˮ
ƽλϣȡһϴõˮʵǴӼģ·ϾͲûǮ
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ǰҲæɽ꣬һҶûɻ
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ƽλαһ·֮ǰ˺ܶǽҲû˯ãƣĲУ۾ͽˡ
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Լϵľ£򴽣ͻȻһԲλĸоԼ͹룬ָоͻأ֪Դ
Щһ۽㣬
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Ϲ屻Ҵӿ˹ǽߣҲûǸܺõүү
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翴ºͣһСʱ䣬һ˹ţܺõӡ
ҲǣүүģСʱĳ磬ڳˣ˶ġ
СʱӦ˳үүɵȳǣΪЩδϵǣȷ֪֪үүǶĻ
գǸŶˣҵڣҲûΪǡ
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ϴֺ󣬵ʱ򣬳첽ߵǰϷӡ
º׼£Աһֻ֣ס

ЦĴöʮʿ˵ӡ
һԳϷ˱龪ȣû˵ʲôƽԼ˵ӣһˣֲŮ˺ˣҪôĵʿչˡ
ܿ߶
ƹϲ˵ߴƷᣬָɾ𵶲棬ɾǸɾԾˡ
Χһжܹʣ˵ġ
ңߡ
·ϣûмŹʵˣǰпܺˣ֮ǰδ
Ⱥһ۾Ϳע⵽ˣԺգǸõĹӡ
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ڿ̸ʱͼԼֵȻЩҲǣⲻ֪С䵽˳ᣬעⲻõ淢
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СþһҲÿӡ
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õòôõĵ棬۾䣬¶лǳЦ
תͷԷûпԱ߳翴ǸЦЩ΢ľȣк棬ƺܸȤ漴ͻָǸº͵ģ                        


2

ǵһ쵽ңͱȽϷʢ 
֮ǰڿʱͿܼϷ˵˼仰ӦϷ˷Ըȥġ
ҵڣûбҳϷ˶ͦչǣǷһЩ
ҹıȽϳ٣컹ûг׺ڡ
¥ܿĻԱٺɫббӳڴϣųĵ΢촵˽ 
ϷͱȽϴˣһҪϢ˳磬תһ£Ȼʹȥ䣬һ·ӿ˹ǹҲˡ
Ϸ뿪֮һ۳磬ôһ˲䣬ֽ֪ŸţŬԼ΢΢촽Ҳ֪˵ʲô
ƽ״δʳҵ˼Ȼڣ룬Сͳ紦һҲʡ
ƽ˵ԼеˣȻҪȥ䣬ƽΪѵƾš
ܼҺɫʱڣȥѾźõķ䡣
뿪֮ǰƽ¶ôÿЦ־ִ٣۽ǵƺԡ
ǸЦζԣúúͳദ
΢΢ͷԳס۾ƺǲôԸӣ޷ֻܾԳĬӦԡ
罫˵Ķ龡۵ףȴδ¶κ֪
Ц극Ե滨԰ɢɢҲá
Ц⣬ʶ̧ͷͼ翴ĵĵŻش
ſ˫ȫЦ⣬ĵģղŵദֺʿƢܺãƺ⵽ܾҲκβá
ûͷͬˡ
Ҳڿų磬Է֣ЦƺȸղŴЩƺǺܸ˵ӡ
ֻ߽ж̶̵ʱ䣬֪Լûп
װ߸ݵĳһߡ
Ϊղųб仯ǸЦûģôһ磬˺ܺõӡ
һֱɢ⣬ȻˣӦԼƺһֱڳĬҲûЦ
᲻óΪڰɫ
뵽ųߵ԰Ų΢٣ͻȻ޴ġ
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ͻȻͣҲͣ˽ŲЦ
ûʲôҡҡͷȽСղֻԼں˼룬Ӧû 
ͺܺãлл
绹Щɻֻ˸ɣҲﻰ
˵ţ䴽ǣ۾ҲԾ΢΢¶СЦ
΢ƫԱߴЩ¶һİͷעģ˫۾
ɾ峺΢ǳǳЦ⣬ƺǣŵâ
Ưһ˫۾β΢΢ƫµģûҫ۵С 
ٻͣʵûʲôԣͿ֣㣬һЦܹԡ
ֻҪϲ컹иóԵġ
ͬЦ£Ե͵Ĵöˡ
ڻ԰С·һСȦʮĵ˷䡣
뿪֮ǰ绹ʲôõĶֱѯʷعԣҲ
Ҳǽ˵ȥ뵽ûнͨѶ΢΢ͷһѯʵúܺãĶ˧
ƿߣǵͷԹԴϵĹԣͳ罻ͨѶ
뿪Ǹ˧ıӰ뿪˷š
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ҽճɲãİţ˲һȾţȺκǻһǮ
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°꣬պѧҪҲһǮ岻ãӪҲܿˣؼƽ뵽Զڵǵĳҡ
֪һҵĴ㣬ʮֹ꣬үүˣҲˣһҰȻʱûжôģɸеĳԺȴסУûп
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վѹģһʮ꣬ճСĿܣûд϶·һ·ˡ
ũߵʱϳӺӾ￴죬ˣɳúܿ죬תսǺ󣬶ӰҲ
ͷСƱˣڰķ˸ڱӵ£˸ȽƣԼ˯ˡ
 
ڳס죬Ϸ˺ƣҲΪʿģֻѧһ²űҵ
ѧУ֮ǻƽһԵģгϷˡ
ҵ˶ڣϷ˵ĸ׺ĸ׸պȥǰ߾²Ż
ƽ˵͸ˣڵڶ󣬳ȥתȥ˳Ϸˡ
֪ҵľЩѣϷ̾˿Ҳοȥ꿪ʼҾѾʼΪﱸˣֻûз˵ѡ
⻰ƽֿ˿ڣֻܼܽңƽһõȥǮϣܶõĺܶ࣬Խڵ
Ϸԥţƽ飬ͳ綼ԸĻҲǿԽġ
˼ǰ˳ôһǮȻǮڳϷ˿ûʲôƽǲģջǰ˳ҡ
Сͳദһʱ˶Ը⣬еϹĿͷԼڣͻϷ˵
ϣƽҪˣﻹлҪȥɡ
Сˡƽûȥ۾Ǹ⣬ţǵ˵Ҫ㲻ϲ磬ؼҵĻ͸巢Ϣ㡣
ƽβѣƵϿǸЩ
֪˶壬·Ҫעⰲȫ
Ĭһſڣƽ˵۵ŵ࣬ɫЩƣһû˯á
֪ȥɣСǵòҪԼ
ƽԽ˵ԽΣۿ˵꣬˳ĳ
ߣԽԽԶƽӺӾ￴Ӱվþò
ƫݣһվ·ߣЩġ
ƽûסͷ۾                        


3

ԶȥȵʱջߣⲻЩѹ⣬һϤ
ͷɥģͳĬΪԳʱȥЩھǡ
½һŶǲˮʣϸյҴȥǱߵա
ڳɤȻ𣬸߽ׯ԰ŵ̧ͷתͷȥѰҳķ
пڴԱߵǽϣЦ⿴ο
˵һʱ˵ͺóԣ˵иóԵġ
ʵڳң㣬ֻǴһġ
ͣǳѧУһԵĵڶٷһݾϺδ
һԵĳôһӰѿǰ澧Ө͸ϺģϺҲû𻵣ѿǰڷԭģֻûˣϺͷϺβڡ 
ݾϺһɫƺϺм䣬ǰöĴֻϰؿԳԡ
Ϻģȴ쳣
СİһɻûгĺãЩ˼ΪմϺǺϺ⣬Աȳĸɾ䣬žġ
û뵽ѰõϺŽָֻ޳ɸɾģûմκβ
ǰҲãŪϵǣúܺá 
˵ţ绹ùСʾ֣ʮȻû˿ᡣ
еĻͶչ˿ѿ
Գʱֻʶ죬кøС
ܺãһ㶼ӰӾݵЩŰĴүʿǸܺõĹӡ 
뵽һԵĴüڳϡ 
ǽǱ߹䴽ǣ¶ǳǳЦݡ
üۼ¶ԣѹЦòģͳ֮ǰǳЦһ
ڹȥĻʱպá
վǰԶľ룬ûкԶ˸еĿռ䡣
⣬ڲŰ˵࣬ǰųͣ緹С졣
Űȫɻ󣬳üëüƫЩҲ΢΢š
Ц£˧üȫЦ⣬ЦͳöƺǱģЦ
üҲʮֹɣֻǡ
翴ǰ鷢̫ˣƽʱǵͷ·ס˫üõ۾
òһʱ֪ҲģܺԵ
ǣûתҴȥ
翴˵Цⲻϡ
գգ۾ĽëСˢһƺɨļ䣬һ޵
Цŵͷƿߣ򿪹ԣ޳ָڵĹ˼£ׯ԰ĳԶ򿪣һʮֵ͵ĳͿ˹
ϵʲôӣ֪ܿĳһġ
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ͬʱҲڽͣἫˣǸղŵͣٸûзһ
ٽҵγ̻ȥתתҲӦõġ
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֪ܺãţóһ˵䳡żҲῪ⡣
ʵʵĶһЩڵǳĶûżתͷʱ򣬾Ϳ۾ǰĿ档
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ڵ۶תһȦĹг翪Ϳ˺ֻܶ࣬ʮӣҲúȡ
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ΪкܺõӡͲȥЩĵ飬̧ͷҵǡ
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ڿ˹ǣûôҵֻмֵ·Ҳû˴Ĵ󵨣ɫǿʽ
еŮ˺˵װܱ¶ȻƿߣûжͣҲûиеʲôףʲô·ÿ˵ɣֻҪԼϲͺá
AڣʲôݶԽֵ࣬ĵط
翪ڣȥ
ҪǾ̫ҴȥC
תͷ翡ϴЦ⡣
ܺõġҲȥ磬üۼЩѹɢЩ
ȫǺ棬еͲΪֵĻԺ
Ǻãת
ϲͲ˵ʲôԡ
һкӽ²ŷа壬Ӷ˹ѼñƦ˧Ʀ˧ģͦע⣬Ͷ࿴һۡ
û뵽Ӻʮкӣſŵķа塣
ͷǸùԷ֣ʮкӾվڷа衣
ΧûκγԾеŮ˻ǰǸ˧кա
һ赸ܿʶ͸Χ۵˹ơ
ʵ࣬ЩҲ㹻ʮк¶õЦȻ̤ŷаɢ
֡
վڽֱ߿ĿЦԴЩתͷЦÿģȾЦ⡣
翴ȻСʱԵǣ˿˿֡
˿ζһֱ굽ٳǣҲζڣˡ
ϲͺãȥиֵĵط
ָŲԶһ¥˵ῡȫЦ⣬˵ʱҲ͸档
á
ͷųǱߡ
ǰţֿһԱߵĳ硣
ʵ͸ղЩкû𣬻ǸûĴк
ֵֻʿҲ㹻أٴһװ߸ݵģٻ˰ЩѼñڽкϵһġ
ųľ²ҲһЩЦ£ҲǣҪСأж죬ϾͿԿ
ܿջߵ뷨粢֪֪һۡ
ԭΪҪʣû뵽ʲôû˵Ҳûпӿ˹ĸճˣҲĻ󣬳Ψһһ֪·ĵطȥ                        


4

˴¥ֶ֣̺ܶ࣬ĶУкܶеڸɾ̳߾ܵ˿͡
СӶǹſڣֵҪǡ
ǹſһ׸ߵİתɫޣĺܱ档
иСļ́ͷﺬָˮѰǵģܿɰ
һУﲻԾʹЦ⣬֣һпȥá
粢ûи䣬Ǵ˵ݡ
˲Ǻܶ࣬пλȥ󣬾վ˺Ľ䣬
֪Ҫȥһ㣬ڵĹһ㣬Զصԭλ
һװĳ糤ñۣȳ˧ĺãǳ࣬پҲ˧㣬ֹҲʮܴ
ü壬ΪЦ˿ͷâӣȻۣȴǸˡ
ƵƵ磬Ĵ˹ԣȴʱתͷûгԱ
վĽ䣬һתͷֻ˸棬ĺȻûи˿תܿͷĸо
յץ˸գЩźȴʼûйصųתʱһţҲǽAһ
Աˡ⣬شʱ΢΢̧ͷ硣
ÿһ㶼ߵͦҲҲò漷ҲǣһֱǰΪһССĿռ䡣
Ķûвɵ˺͹﷢Сϸڡ
ԽԽ࣬ΪĿռҲ𽥱С
ڵݽͳм䣬Щʣϵݵ˶粻òҲû취⡣
˾ͺã¿ܻĲ
ᣬΪ棬ѹɤӣдֵͳĪ⻰Ҳᡣ
Ȼ˿ӦûУû죬ҲûǾ仰Ļ˼ɻ󣬲֪»ʲô飬
һֵģеˣ˵Ӧȷʵĺܷ
ڿ˹ǵʱʱȥ֡
ձС꣬ǸƱȽŮӣһּСʱ۵Ĳˣջ
ôһ룬еԹ֣ʵûжȤɳ棬ֲþܾĺ⡣
̧ͷ۳磬Ϊ̫࣬粻ò˵㡣
Ǹ翪ڣɤͳö
Ϊһֱֳʿѹûط룬ڳֲСֵʱҲûȥȻˡ
ǸĻǳǳЦ£ʾûйϵ
ǰڿ˹ǵʱ򣬺һѺżҲЩ
ЩûʲôģֻǲСĶѣҶûϹο֮󣬺ͺעˡ
һֱڲɫĿû˿û죬Ц⣬ȻӦûЩ˼
˶ߵCǱȫͬǵٴͣµʱ򣬳˳
һ࣬ǱߣһյҲû˰취
ǵ𣿡
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һ߼װĳ磬µ̳ʶġ
ҳ˵ʱ򣬻ͷһִ̬ܶ
û̫࣬ݡ
ЦŽͣʹ̳ͨȥ˾ͱȽˡ
ų򿪹ԣ޳ָڹϿٻ˼£ǰһǽʹмֿˣǸɾĵݣһ˶ûС
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ĵľȹȥĴһǽں͵Ҳˣơ
ȥ󣬵źϣղѾָҪĲ
һ·ȥȸղŲ֪˶ٱ
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󣬳Ϳڽͣʼնӣ˵ľָֻԶҲ̫
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Գĺ⣬
лл
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ܿġ
۳Щԭ򣬳ĺã֪
ֻʶ磬ҳû˿棬ֵĵطȥ
һжǳĺ⣬Ǹܺúܺõˡ
չˣ˭鶼ܺãҲ⣬룬Ҫȥ˹棬ҲһҪȥ棬ܺá
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˸мûĴЦݣֹ峺
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ĵԱʶģ˽Ա϶ŵЦк
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ԼԱڣЩʿģ鷳ˡ
֪Ǹ˭ĸԱҲѵأЦžΧԣʼʵ·
ڳ磬ᳵ·ߵشº󣬾ԱȥѯҪʲô
ȥ·ĵԱϵЦתʧ֪ӵһԱ˸ŵ𾪱顣
ʲôʱүôˣͦòҴ·ģǸž£ˣǰȫͬ
ֻǴ򹤵ģ¾ͲˣԳүпܻ˿ζ£ֻܱ
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ĸԱΧţЩţҶԷֱӾͿʼ·ÿ˸첲϶Ѹٴ˺ü
Խȥٸȥ
ĵԱˣϵЦ飬ֱ֪֣ƺˡ
û뵽һҪ·ĿѾϺȿȵĳ硣
Լ˳ϰߣͷ·ĵԱ֪
󣬳ʮȻ˹
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Ҷ·Уǻʺ㴩ġ
ü۶öģԱߵԱһһ㶵ġ
·˵꣬ͷԼϵ·ֿ࣬ڣСˡ
˵㣬ܴġ
ͷСһ½ǣӲģֻðο
ǻЩף̺ϲҲûҴЩ·ҲӦõġ
˵ˣһңӦмģǹء
Ķ˵еһ˵ӣ浽ԱߵԱˡ
ҲΪ仰֪Ǵȥ˵ģǾ͸ӾˣҲֻܱ
ǺܿɿһˣԶ˵Ļʶͻš
̧ͷЦЦڣȥԣϲϲ
˵ţͰ͵¼⣬²õԱϤ
ģӦܾŻ
ĺܺð
һĸ̾ҳ˺ܺúܺãҲҲĴݡ
ȥĪ͸ƺҪָԱϤӡ
硣
Ȼһ˵ͬᣬﻹ§һεεˡ
˭
§Żߣû˿Σôʳ磬
Ӵװɧ㡭
վ¼ǰĳڣһɱס˶Է˵ĻɫҲ                        

5

ôţȻֹһʱ֪ʲôԭЦã档
˵磬ôˣ
䣬ʹӳ¼˳˸մſ߽Ľ
ղ˺磬ˣҲͶˣӦþǡ
ʶ§ŵˣûһֱǿҲû´Է̫ò
һǸкӵǸȽϽСˡ
ѣ
ڽ֮ǰסĻڶͽ򵥽һ£ᡣ
֪ǳѣ鱾ͣ򴽣¶ǳЦʾѺá
վԱߣƤһۣͳɹɻȥһ˹ı飬Ҳڳľ£˻ȥ
ôϲϲ
ûȥתͷЦ
ϵ·ǳɫϵģƤ𪣬ᱻĵ÷ɫˣʽΪһЩ֮˾úûκΥ͸УʺɫͿʽ
˳鱻һȥҳ¶
ƫݣв㰫ܳ·ġ
˵·Ǵž£Ҳܿǳ໹ģӶ
һеǰһ˲ôͷЦ鲻
˼ĵͷЦһ˵ܺÿ
ȥġ˵ƫǵס۾Ȼ;Щ£û˵ʲô
ΪһξѾ˵Ŀ磬ǰ·һ㶼һͻؼˣǾ·ܴˣܻŴ
ɳԵԱʹ˸ɫ˾Ĵ¼䡣
㲻ǰɣ
ɿˣԼȥ·ˣѹɻһĲ˼飬ɵĴų硣
ôˣ
άº͵Ц⣬Ȼִ󷽣ͺһֱġ
Բ۳磬ɱңˣ
ȥˣ绹Բ۾𾪵Ըӡ
ҲûʲôɫˣЦʧһֳſӺ˿
ȥ·Ҫʱ䣬ߵ˸ղŵλãббαϡ
Ƥ𣬿һµĽ̬ɢ
⿪Ӻ¶ЩԸеǣŽװȴ͸Ī֮ǰʿţȫˡ
ĳ󣬲һˡ
Ǹʲôˣ鲻ˣ
ӿڴͳһĳһ֧ɵģ̣Ϳˡ
ǽϵ֡
Ͽȣһںȴôϲû
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ʶתͷĸ˳
־ͺá˵ţһ¼Ǳߣû
̻ţɽãȻˣ쵽ôˡ
ûһǧҲ˰ٴˣүɴûĸֵ棬ĸֵ³̡
Ư˵ԱҪٳ̵ʱ򣬸Էɧ䣬ˣͲ飬ҲûʲôȥΪһˣɳǴЩµġ
үô
˴¼󣬾ͿⳤýСҲεεģ˵һƯǸˣʱеġ
תҿ
עߣǸ˵Ц
±Ƚ϶̣¶һСϸɨһۣǲûۡ
үأҲܲ
ùԱ·ǸûϱȻһ¡
ϲĻҪˣ㡣
һ֣ʮִ󷽡
ллү
ԱˣǸһ˷ܣ¼úһԡ
·ҪԼһļǮˣ֪ҪǮܶãЩүִ󷽡
ר·ĵڵи߲ܻӭΪÿһ·ظģҲֻһʽӱµʦڵġ
αȽϸߵCȻҲзֵ꣬Aܵꡣ
ʦҲǵǴƽһ·ȥģʼĵ̾ǿڱΪA֮Aĵ̾ͳܵꡣ
˶ϲܵĿʽҪȷֵһЩ˵ȥҲӣΪ·ʦѹء
ڳߵЩˣ·Ҫʹ˵ЩԱ·Ż˳ۡ
ˣ
ǸջߣһԵʳ磬̫ˡ
ڳ߸Ļˣ϶⼸ʶġ
ô̵ʱ䣬óԣװһ
ǵµĽһǿ˻ˣȻôͳЩΪ
ÿλ˰֮󣬴ӴҲһһĺã˻ŮҪʲôУҲ㡣
ֶûĳ̧ƤĵⲢش
ɿһİԺЩǲͷĿڣûУҲЩ˼үӵµǸ
⻰˵ĵȻȴˣһ¼Ǳߣ֪˲࣬Сͳ糤֪û뵽Էˡ
֪ǸųүӳģСʱȥҳ磬үҲһȥԳүӶµˣȻзִġ
ô죬飿
˰Ե˼ʳ磬ֲװôԣ̶ˡ
֪˵˵ĺ⣬ȴһֱ¼Ǳߡ
һ¿ܾͻִɢװѾˡ
棿˵뵽ղųǰıָֻ֣ǸɵӣƦЦʵ
ǳүӶµˣɳƢ治ϲȥ鶼ûãɲǸܱͷ
ü¶ЦʱȫͬЩƦȻ˼
óôװȥ϶Ǿź棬ȻǸƢҪĵ˻Ůˣ˦ˡ
ڳߴˣûˣǺܿͱֻ˵ûһôȤװɸװʿ
治ǸôƭҲ·˸ͷ
̣Цֻǵ٩ѣû˼Ҳ⣬˶͵Ц
ЦôŶ֮⣬ǽ˵ģ粻Ǹܺͳһ棬֪ԼҲǸʲôö
ˣͦģ㻹ŵ㡣
̣ǶԳ˵˾䣬Ҳֻ˵Գ磬˽ġ
ʮ꣬Сڵ˳˳ˮĹӵܣʹһ޷죬ͷȤͣĶһԾʲô¶Ϊ棬еԱסǣҲк֮ǡ
һЩ¶ĵģһֱзִ磬ҲƵɴûߵ˶Ǻþۺɢ·ϣִ󷽣Ǹȡ裬Ǯں
šĵӦһ䣬鵭ȻɢִУԽ˵Щûзϡ                        


6

¼϶ʼˡ
ֲóûгԱ·Щмܲס˴ѣػز¶ʮΡ
Һö·ᱡûȻʱãҪֲˣʮ
ʱ򣬳̾͹Ц⣬Ǳȥ
һͶѾ֪ҪĽҲüݼҪȥϷýǼǮͨίˡ
ôϲϲ
ڴǳɫ·Ҳܺʣ˸оķ񣬺ʺ
ϲллЩ˼ɻǶԳл
Ҳˣ˵ͦģҲͦԣһʲôûĳȷʵʡ
ͦÿóˡչĽվڳԱߣ˧һЦʾӿӳ硣
Щ޴룬֪Էûж⣬ֻǳǳЦ£ӡ
Ȼ򡣡˵Ἣˣ˵һԱߵĽ񾯸Ҫ
Ψ²ҵĽȴЦòá
ò״һ˸ȤϷǿϷɸöҪģҪܿҲǱ˴û磬һٵĳ
ȥ·
˿·뿪
Ȼ·϶ûмǮ֪·һˣ뿪һ·Աææȥģ飬򣬾̫˼ˡ
ûԹ·ûɱ֮ǰõڶԣֱӴ
ĵĸ͵ʹϹԣˡ
λ·ƬүЩװ𣿡
ԱߵĵԱʵѸղ·վʱµƬӹе˳˵߰ѹƵ˳ǰʾۣһ˵綼ǲôῴġ
֮ǰ粻ûֻҪˣԹ·ˣҲºͿӶУ˽ʮ·
Ա֮ôΪ֮ǰ̬ȣǰȫһҽ֮˰¼Ҫͽ˵ЩʲôԱЩɫ
˵ǵĽֻҪһϢϣûͻ˹·Ҳֹ·꣬ЩΰӣҲᱻˡ
˲ô࣬򣬼۸ǧϣǲǵɱǮͱȲˣ͸˲·
·ʱΪĲ·ÿòǳǳЦţĸԱӡ󻹲
ۣǿһž·С˱ƯоǺܲģΪ˿ϣһһ󣬲ͣĿÿ
ɨһ۹ϵЩƬʻ󣬾Ϳ˿˵ĵԱ
ǸõԱִ̾󷽣һô·ǰͬòʣ˭֪˵ˡ
Ϳˡ
绹û˵С˵ָ֮ǰԵĵһ
ܿ·ǲһһģݵλ˵ֻܹ֣˵һó綪ӣΪͿˡ
׼˵Ҫĳ类˻ԱҲǣ˵ȥװ
ԱԳ˵ĻΪ׼ģֻЦЦųĻش
ãͰ˵ġ
ʲôִᡣ
֪СǸմƫԶҪô·Ҳ
˵ȻԱЩ˼粻ûСˣʮֽ˳Ļ˵
˵ĻȥǱȱˮϢһ£ʱ仹磬ż
Ц˵
ô·ҲһСʱˣȷʵЩʣ͵ͷȥˣеԱѯҪʲôҪһˮ
ڽˣ֪ȥ˵Ļǻóûӵġ
ҿ϶Ҳᣬֻ϶˵ܶ໰ᱻ˿֣һ㶼ãûȥ
ʵһǮӦù·϶ߵʱ򣬸˻ﻮһǮڵʲôȥ򣬲ҪԼ
³Ǯģ͵Ǯ֮ͻؼˣô֪ܲ
ƽǮǲԸ⶯ģԼеĸŲ⸶ȻЩҪ滨˲٣ʣµЩֻҪʡŻ͹ˡ
Ǳ߽˵ĳ磬ȴ˰Թ·װֻûаϡ
˽ˣȥĳȴû뿪صԵĶһ£ѹõԱѸղŸĵƬֵ˳
ƬĵòȻߣɻĵЦúܹԵӣƫûס۾ǹ⡣
ûúõˣֻҪ룬ƯĻ崿ģᱻ͵ߣǴϣһ㿴ˣΨܸȤ
ƬȫԼûصĹɾ˵ԱǱߵԴļתǱȥ
ͽ죬ʵЩĵģ½˵©졣
óȥD棬ﻹ֡
Ķ˵кĵط׼˵ʱ򣬳͹ˡ
ⲻǣˣ磬ȥDתתô
ֱЦڿʱԱòһˣϷһ
ʣҲʶתͷȥ磬ƺҲڵ˵
·ͻظҪҪˮöûд
ˣѾˡģųҲ
ǺãҴȥֳǣʲôԡ
ü۶
ͷȥԵġ
һ£Һͽ˵仰ܿͳЦᣬ˵ҲģԱֱ߽ü̲ס˸Ĵָ
áȥˣһǳǳЦ¡
˵ʲô˭
ҲеȤͿߣֶԳ˵תߺ󣬾ͿϳЦʧˡ
顱һ𣬽ž˵ľ
ߵǰ׼¥濴ͷ֪ʲôʶȥ
˳󣬾ЦЦ˵ˡ
ɻɻ󣬻Ǹųˣ룬Щԡ
Ǹ͸Կ棬߳ĳ磬ܿվ棬ɲ˽Ӱ
Ƿʲô𣿡
ԽԽԵûסʵҲΪΪᣬŻ˵Ļһô໰
ڳǰʼ
Ǹתͷʶ˵
ţǸǽСˤˡᣬ˵ҲȻ
۾΢΢ƺЩȣŲҲԼڵֲһ䡣
ңԸǸƯ˷
Ц˵ȴЩΣȥȻ󱻾ܾһ
ɣһʱ֪˵ʲô뵽ղŽ˵ʱǸС˵飬һ룬Ҳпܻ˵Ļ
ˣ״ƲĿڣղŽ˵ʲôˣĵúܺá
Ǳˣܻһ룬ǳ磬ʻʵȻֻʣûʱġ
Ҳûʲô˵˵㡣ҡҡͷûκηԼҲЩɻ
Ц⽩Ӳһ£ע£ܿͻָû֡
˳ĻЦʵ˵ʲôˣ

7

ԥЦЦ˵ҺСһ𳤴Сʱ˲ٺڹ
˵үү˵Ǹ磬ﲻЦ⡣
ҺƢԸ඼˽⣬ȻҲǴСѣֻе棬˵ʲô
Цˣ˵ϣǺ֪ô
㡣
ЦݴЩղŵԥʵڶ磬û˵粻õĻ
翴С飬Ц۾䣬ʻˣһǸСųŲͬ
ǰķɣͬЩССЦϤЦԿˡ
ЦĪͺ𣬳ͷЦ
˵ܺãDܻӭҲܶࡣ
ЦÿģԳ˵ûз֣˵󣬳ɫһ˲ĲȻ
㻹Ⱦưǰţ̧ͷ磬Щ΢ĺ档
ΪԼȾƣ˵ʱ۾΢΢󣬶ԾܺõĳôһЩݺ̾
ţʱҪȥӦ꣬ͳˡ
Ц˵ǲйDĻ⡣
ˣֳûȤģ¿ֱӹȥ
˵ţʹĹԣŴ󣬵ֳǵʩͲ֡
עֳǵάͶ仭˿
DǳȥȾƵĵطľƵưɻΪǵи߲ģݳޡ
Ȼڹʵ£вֽԵ飬е˻ȦӿԳ֮Ϊá
Щڲڵ£в֪ˣǮͿӻǷǺȾƳԷֻҪܶ࣬ʲôüġ
DмεľưɣңʱҲȥ
ҵĵϵ̳ˣڵһץǲٹӵܵĵطǹ֮λĵһ˳λ̳ˣλݰȻкܶ˶ע⡣
D˶ʶ磬Dǰֳģȫͬ
аŮ鲻ϣ죬ʮ꣬Ҳȥ꣬ʹõҥԡ
ɢҥԺܿͱѹȥûз˻
ȦСϢʹˣҲͲ֮Ժ󣬸¾вֵλ빫Ϊˡ
˵ľӦιȥˣԼ֪ڻҵDģܻӭ£ⲻ٣ȥDˣʲôĿ˭֪
Ѻ֪ܶ࣬˵ǰЩ˺Ůˣȷʵܶࡣ
ǲģ뿴¶ڱ֡
ղŵһȭ֣˽ˡ
ʵۻȥһٽͷԱоֳǵͼѹ˼ͷٸˡ
DҲʵ֣Ҫȥˣ뻢û𣬾ţɱж˼ˣ̴ֹһ
üͷ壬Ծ뵽Լû֣ǰ˴ȥDûκԥȥ档
ǣȴıǵЩΪûκαҲûЩۺ˼
˵ʲô飬үӸµˣ󲻻飬Ҳøչ˺ˡ
ǲȥDģ𽭳Ǹֲ´ģȥDͺٶˡ
ҲҺ˵ûD£ӣǲҪȥġ

·Ǹ˷վһȭÿû۾ϣȻ۾ˡ
˻һѾһƬգֿ湻ݵġ
ܿԱǸ֪ڵӣЩЦ
뵽ųҪȥDͳǸͷľҲ֪ҪôȥӦԣʱͷ۵ġ
֪Լ֪ҪЩ̲ס뿴緭
˵һСᣬˣʵҲ黹ûչ棬ܼʱֹס
ǻˣҲȥƭ˼С˵飬Ϊʲôû͸ܲתԡ
ڳûʲôʵԵƭֻԼʵһڣɽ֪Ϊʲô翴ܾҪ¡
ɴûϷݵģôġ
˭֪ƢãʮD˳ͻһ˾һȺӶˣ
ǸһϢˣһĶӣֱӾִˣ棬Űƽ¡
类¡ɳĵڶ죬ָ˴ˡ
µġûĥƽøƢãԳƵϱꡣ
ڽûֻѵеԳЩü²Űⳤָˡ
Dÿģ˱͵λֺõҲȱȽǣ籾ǿϡ
Ҳ֪ǲǱº˴̼һ£ʹ˲ټܣ˲νĵϴ
Ҳֹǿ䣬֮ΪһŮԴף϶ͳͻ
³˳ͽ˭Ҳ֪ǳ簵µ֡
Ҳװһֲ߻ģǵʲô֪֣Ҳټ֣нˮͺã˵ֻԽԽ
ܲ˳ЩѳĿǳǾˣЩܺĻ
֪ƽʱǺЩĵģҲϲЩĻ
ҵ֣϶ҲֶֻѣùĹ֮ӣǵ磬Щմ¡
ԽԳ£ûκ飬ų翴֣Ҳ˳һѡ
ϣЩͬĵģղ˳
ûûΣ鰮Щ鶼ģӦֻ档
Ϊ⼸꣬߸ŵٶ࣬綼ûżŻŮ˻˵תͷֻ˰飬顣
ƽƢܱˣݵλߣò֣ܳڣһĳ̶ֳ˵Ҳһջ
кüϲŮˣ˺ܶɵ£뻻עɳȴûС
ԽȻΪͻתһʵġ
ڳ飬ȷʵͷ֣ԼҲ֪ܣѾʼΪѡˣܻģʲôûеСˡ
ԱǣڵϣǣĵΪƣڻûԹģš
Ҳûб֮ŭ˶ֶŵģۿŻȥܰ°ˡ
뿪ʱǸƳװõĶʮӡ
һֱڵ֪·һξô࣬ҲʵĽ֣Ǵ󷽡
֪ڽǰ¶ʱȷʵҪ̼һ£ɽͳǷС
Լĵλֻǽ̰ʵĴ飬Ҫʲô϶ǲģ·ˣһ㶼
Ǳ߳ȥֳǣ鶼߽ܲŻˣȥᷢʲôһĿȻҲ
ҲںᷢʲôǾͺ޹ˣܲܺͳ緭Ͼʮĸǡ
˵Ӧзִ磬ͲȥЩ߰飬ָֻǸɵģ
˵Ҳ˸ͷĻԼûϡ

8

ǵֳǱȿ˹ǵҪ˺ܶ࣬ʩãģսʵţ˼ѻףʵģսֻס
ֳǵʱúܿ죬۾ģӳĻϻ
ʱӾͳλһ죬ǸõĻֲɫƯ
ת䣬һ۾Ϳڻĳ硣
Сġ
ͳöЦǰһƺҪס
Żݷ֣Ⱦͣվ󳯳ЦÿģҲûĶ
˷ܣͳղſЩҲ͹˲ȥ۲ʲôԳ磬εġ
裬裬ǸƯ
ûڣ滬СӾ˷ֺ֣ܵ;档
ôƯ
ĸױСԷĵطȥ˵ҲԶȥ
ǵĶԻ󣬺ȻִҲ˵Щ˵˵ĻͺǸСһˡ
Ҳ̫ˡ
˷ܵ۾ģЩе˵ˣų磬ɵɵһ¡
ûнסĻᣬҲգʱǣջֱֵĺȻɵ˵ӣЦ⡣
ˣ
ʪ˵㣬ͳᡣ
ֳҲһСʱ·оʱҪ˺ܶ࣬ȷʵһ㱡
˿ʱ䣬翪ڣҲ쵽緹ʱ䣬Ҫھ͹ȥ
áԳľٻᷴԣ˵ʲôʲôֻܵͷͬͺá
ȴûߣվǰǳĻݣʱ򣬱ܿ˳ڣᵲסˣ߲˾
ɻ΢΢̧ͷ磬ѯôˡ
֣Ὣǰ鷢һã˵۾Ҳá
ͳдԣɤ˵޳ָùͷᣬһĴС
һεûж޵΢ա
գգ۾¶ڳֺ󣬲ź֪ĺ˶䣬̵ġ
ûͣãһ֣־ͷȥЦŶ˵СʱҲԸͷүүô˵ġ
ֻͣΪԼľڹҲͳϹйӴͻأ
㶵ĵͷ֪ԼôˣеЩڣͻرһ³Ŀ⡣
ͷԿ¶һĶ䷺˺죬ĹЦ£ˣ⻹ͷһá
ҪҪȥܺãٶŪЦἫ
ͷܿ͵˺ܺãֻǹѡ
⼸һֱάýĹѾɹóһӡ󣬶һ֣ûйľٶֻ룬Լ⡣
Ļ£̧ͷС˵á
һ۾Ļȷʵе
֮ǰҪȥͷģǺ·һڿܡ
ʵһֱģС浽ѣˣǳĬӣ࣬ѧУǡ
Сѧʱ򣬻һСк۸ʱ˵ǲ˵ǻᡣ
һޣƯСӿſͰ͵ģСкͽŵˣȥʦ˵۸һСˣͲǹʵ顣
˼ѣ˵Ǻܹԣ£;󲿷ֵͨһôƽˡ
պ꣬СһôҲμܡ
ȻܣʱͲõձ۸ӲܣС尤˺üᡣ
Ҳݺҧס˶ԷֱۣϵȽ׳ѸǸ۸պкһ١
ȻӦˣʹȥ˼ĵط
󣬿¶˫Ư۾翴˺һ˼ıƿߣЦŶ˵ܺÿҲ˺۾
ѾԷĵ㣬ʹȥԼ˵Ļ
ͬǳˣ򿪹Եʱ״Ʋȥ֮ǰûע⣬ڿķ˳ָӦúܺá

صѾǰˣһֱ浽ڣȷʵЩˣܿģ϶뿪˸Уɢ˺ܶࡣ
ȥһ죬֮ƺҲʼ
ׯ԰ſ³ʱ򣬳İ˳ţüӶ˶ˣǼүʲôʱôʿˡ
պĹܼҲԶԶ˹ϺͳϷʱ򣬲ģ£г⼸ǰı֡
Ϸ˵׶Լ۰ģҲȽäĿ磬ЦǺ˵˵ǳ糤ˣ֪ҪչСˡ
һԵĹֻܼͬǰҡҡͷүһ
Ϸ˲֪羭D죬ʲô£˼ʹˣܲ˴̼һžţԲ̫ǰٻ죬ȭͷӲҲֵĺܹԡ
úϢٴȥ
罫͵˿ͷǰЦŸ͵͵ģЩ಻ζ
۾¶̧ͷ磬ǳǳЦ⣬ð㣬ģôų硣
ţҲúϢ
˵ĺ棬򿪷žͽȥˣŵʱ򣬻ͳ˻֣ģԹԵġ
뿪֮˫Ư۾ƺǰǸֹԵˣûκηЦô𣬳紹һĨЦ⡣

˷֮ϵЦû
еᣬ극ִCתתξǴĹˡ
ڴͷЬԼȣʱҲԹˣȻͲóԡ
ʱ䣬Ҳˣȥ˯£׼ϴ˯
ƿǽ¹ȴȫ·Թ·ʮڡ
۾ˣΪ˵õֻû뵽ôࡣ
һʱ֮䣬վ¹ǰסˡ
ǵůٴθ֣ǸܺúܺõˣҲܺá
˯ȥϴԡˮ𣬾ˮǻġ
ڴϣ췢һţģѡ
¼ʱ򣬽˵Ļʳ˭ˣʱɻΪ˵ģǻ˳š
һ룬ר·ĵ꣬ȥȻǸ򣬿϶Ǵˡ
׺ͲپЩΪҲӦòĵģֻǸʶѡ
˵ˣ϶ֹһѣôã˵ˣѺܶ࣬϶Ҳ˵ġ
ôţ죬˺ãܻӭҲӦõġ
ǽ˵Ǿ䣬٩Ļ˵װɧģֻ˵ϵһܺãȻ⻰Ҳ̫̫ˡ
ȥ˵ʱ򣬽˵ЩȻЦţܾ˵ʲôе֣Ĳ²˼ʶôһС
֮һо󲿷ֶǿĵģܻչˡ
ʲôˣ緢֣ĵĽǳԷֳǵʱ򣬶
Ǹˡ
δ֪ʲôģ֪Լʲôˣܻ£ȻҲмĿ뿪
Ϊͳ磬ûκһֿԵһĸ飬ܲóүүĻȥƳ磬ϲˣͻ뿪ͳҲֻѶѡ
һжãڵʶ磬гϷˣûôµ
ҵʵĻᣬȥʳ磬ѾϲˣͿؼˡ
˯֮ҲǳǳЦ⡣

9

صԼĳ磬򿪹ԺûпκιϢŷġ
֪Լǰ⣬Ϊ棬ʹкֻҪϳκιڳĻţ̾ͻᱻɾ
ҵľλùѫģȱ˺պսһߵڣھһʵȨлȨеĹֻͷΡ
йسһУ֤ĹϢ⣬Ƭû
ǰʱӵұ֣ͬʱϣ汻ԶԶһʱķз
ΪԶŴܶ౶󣬻ЩģɳŵǱ治
ԱһһŮҲòҵЧʺܸߣھ˶ȫɾƬڽ˵Ĺ׶ûд¡
ȻûƬ»ڵм䴫ˣԳǸʮ̳ˣһʱ͵ȥóСӵұģҲһˡ
ȻǲںЩģҲյһ·ô˹ͷһǸִܵϢ꣬ͳ׳ɵ֣ûйġ
ΪҵΪֹûйƬ¡
УרиϵͳɸѡгƬٴνȷϺǳ磬ͻԶɾЧʺܸߡ
ȥʱֻҪ粻¶ݣôû֪ǳҵļ̳ˣͷĵĴȥˣ»ʶˣǰҲ˵Щ
˵˵ǵÿǼ˵۹һͨѶ򣬲Ȼҵñ綪ˡ
ЩϢҲֻǵ֪һЩǿڴνĹȦﴫȥٱ˰԰ԡ
ܶˣǵһЩƽ֪ǸѧĻӣʮͳЩɴûйƬϣνĻţûʲôʵʵ֤ġ
ˣҽԼĶ࣬ҲЩҲϢ©»Ƶ飬ϢͲᴫô㣬ǱϲЩ֪ѡ
ڳԹϵһֵԳİ֣Щϰߡ
ҲֻгҵĹϣԱǣ廹Щ߲ģЩϢҲû졣
ǲĵģһʲô֪
֮ǰѹϢ˳ҺܹٷǼнܳºͳɳ̵⣬ῴκθ.Ϣ
ֲڵǳԹϵ֣֪ʲôϢҪȥңһЩεĴʻ棬϶Ҳ

Ϊ˯磬ڶˡ
һ˯ú㣬Ϊһ죬ۣҲãǵĵǺ˼ǷЩԭ
ϴһ˴ڷ䣬ȻͲ֪ԼҪʲô
ڼʱÿ춼Ҫȥũȥ°ҵͲˣǮҪȥĸ߼ѧУ޵ĻԶԶġ
ͶҪ⼸ũǺܺã±ǿԣûкܸԣ
֪ԼϣֲˣҪȥҽԺչҪˣũֻʣˣæ
ջ˿˹ǣæµҲʵﶼϤ˺
ûԶıƽӹµʵҲԣʱġ
ͽãȻȣЩƺһɴڴߣǳü
Ϊ˰οȥ棬ܲȥҳ磬Ҫѧ
ڻ磬ӣڷסͳȥˡ
ʲôĻҲùڳҳ԰׷
ȥҹܼҵģ϶֪ҶʲôҪɡ
ҵׯ԰ʽܴۡ󣬳ҵ˶ס¥Ҳ¥ǰ滹л¥ѵ¥һԻӶס¥
סĿͷڶ¥¥ûڴܼң֪
ӶæµһڴɨŮӶˣͽϴ󣬿Ǻæ߹ȥʡ
Ϻã㣬һ¹ܼ
òΪԷ󣬻˽㣬ܹԡ
ǿˣŮӶ¥ɨ֪ģԼͣĻܺĵĸܼڿڻ԰ﳿ
л֮ͳ¥ȥ԰ҹܼҡ
ڻ԰˺һתһʢĻ̳ղһӶ˸ܼϾܵˣû뵽߹ͺСܹĹܼҴ˸档
ܼʹЩ岻ܲӯٶȲ죬ɶͷѾһ㺹һʺѵרΪܲ׼ġ
ܼϺáЦźкģò
үϺáܼҼСܵĲͳ·״͸߱˵
үʲô𣿡
ܼǵЦݡ
ʲôҿ԰æȥڷҲû£һܶ
˵ĺ棬ĻũιţӣῪüũó
ܼû뵽˵Ҳȷʵġ
һƫԶĴӵСˣ飬Ҳģǿˣôȥɻ
ʵ˵󣬿ŹܼΪѵı飬ҲԼ˵Щ̫ͻˡ
ղûôֻ࣬ʱ䣬Ϊ֪ԼҪڳסãʱ仹ãʱܳĻͲ֪Ҫʲô̫ˡ
Ҳֻɻģڿ˹ǣũˣŸɻҲճһ֡
ǲɻˣڿ˹ǣʶѿȥңԼȥҵط棬ҲϤʲô¡
ڵǾͲˣ˳ң벻κοȥĵطҲûʶˡ
ԹܼҪ̫ˣھ;ͷ΢졣
᲻ùܼΪڹԼô׾ӣ޷ɡ
Ҳһ㶼ûǳҵ״ͲҪңҲе㵣ģ˵᲻óϷ˸е졣
̫ˣȥܼңΪԼ˵Ĵеܣʲôᣬ˵ʹڷ䣬ĶС
үǺģ⡣
ܼƽĿڣ۲дϣûЩơ
˼ͦеģ֪˵󣬴ͷɥĵͷĵѹվԱߣȻܸо
ûĻҿԴүȥ¥кܶʩҲרŵĵӰ䣬ԼӰƬ
ܼţҲȥתתȻ
ôˣ
¥ǡÿ͹ܼҴӻ԰Ǳߣͷ²ߡ
ү
ܼͣҲͣ
硣
磬Լ鿴õ㣬к
ӣûѧʱ䣬ѵǰͷʪղŽѵڳܲ
ǰϾͷֳѵϰߡ
ôģ
ھƽϢǿѵĴЦȴǹܼҡ
ܼԥһ£֪˼У˵𣬵ڳ翴һ֮󣬻ʵ˵ˡ
үʣۡû԰æ飬ûţүҪҪȥ¥Ǳߣвٿֵʩ
±˵˳վųٴεȥɥɥ³࣬
Ķͷɥģ򶼿Ц
²˵˼˼ò£дϣȥҹܼң϶̫ˣ
Ц֪ûȴӰˣһǾɵŻôЦ
ĵĻҴ㿴
绹΢΢Ц˵
̧ͷЦᣬûЦ͸ų磬ѵ¥Ǳȥ
˶¥еңӸߴһİӡ
ţϳǸа壬Aġ
ûУ
֪ǲΪѵǰͷʪӣЩԸУңҲĳ磬Щͬ
ûСҡҡͷȷʵûа壬һҲܹġ
ҽ㡣Цݸ󣬶˵ţʹȥ
ȳţһ
ųϵЦȻﲻͬЦֲãʿЦǲͬġ
˵һЦ綼õģúãԸãҲܺúܺá                        
лҪ˵ˣһ

10

ѵУվڷаϣһŵؿŽµĸӦ
վΪҪµĿûвȶԣ΢ǰ㣬̽ͷ¿˾úܽ
ԣȡ
ЦڶҲҶҪ΢תͷĻԺͳ簤š
ȳܿˣɿ
һ룬˲̫ɷаٴҲֻǸվ˵İӣֻҪǰ벽Ϳ԰
ĳ磬¶ӵЦ
ղʱԲ˶ԷĽӲͽţ컨һʱ仹гЧģⷽʶ
ϵʱһֱûʲô죬¶кܶ಻顣
Գ˵鷳Ͷ˵仰ʱ䣬˸мЦݣκ뷨жûУ粻Ÿտʼ
ڣ˳ɹ
Цö翴ͷɾģΪϴЩ
Щˣ֪ͷָл᲻ܺá
аǰ²ŸӦӦڷаϣûκͻĲ֣żǰ
ֻһֲٿطԽаĸӦ;ӣǵһ棬û
ż١
𲽷мӣֿ˵
˵ţſ˫࣬ûаţֻ齫˻סԷаٶȹ죬Ȳסƽȥ
ϸĵĶˣԼעеаϣճ˵ģȵЩаͼ١
ƵĻȽϺãаû͵طɳȥȽСĽʵˤ˲Ҫˤվںĳ硣
١
Ц⣬һ˵ŹĻһջ֣ѵĶó΢оƬ˶ָֻ˫ۻ̬
棬ٴμ٣û뵽ûпƺãа͵ؾʹ˳ȥ
̫ͻȻû׼ãͻľ޴ԣ峯ȥֱӾ͵Ļ
Сġ
סºȡ
ŲȥٲŸӦаͣٶȻ
ѵܴҲڻײǽȥ˵аԶʶϵͳϰ󣬻Ӧֹͣ߹䣬ֱײȥ㹻İȫԡ
վȺ󣬳ûκγĶվȾջֻ֣ĸ첲ʮʿ
û£
еʻö
һʣʶҪתųȥ˵
ǷӦڵĴаϱȽС̫ˣתȥ϶ĽӴ
ֻվǰСڣû£ô
Ҳû¡Ц˵üСĿƾͺá
šԹԵͷվЩ˼ˣеࡣ
ΪԼղûпƺȣٴβϷаʱ򣬸СˣһΡ
Ȼг󣬿ֽĽӴܲ˼ѽ
ŵ΢оƬһһģʾѾӵǽµķа塣
𴽽ǣ¶ЦǰȻ

ȥѧˣаѧ
Ŀͳ˳ʻʱ򿪳ʶӻ֣ϹǳǳЦ⡣
翴֮ͬ䣬Ϥˡ
ղѵʱ˵յĲֻμ̫죬Сĳȥͱס
ڶεʱʵ³ǹģ̵Ǹڳģûκβãİο
ѾСˣû뵽ûпƺãЩգԽע⡣
ߣѵһСʱܿ͹ȥͳһ緹󣬳뿪
ѵ飬ֻΪԼûпƺãûκλɡ
ͦĵģ˷а忪ģɿõЦݣҲһĵ顣
ܲǵϸ΢ı仯룬֮ǰǸʶһֱºͣЦ⣬Щġ
κһ˶ʿǳʵͺССģǸк
ʵõЦݣó㹻ĿЩֺкӡ
һ㲻ͬı仯ãǲΪϤˣŻ
üǳǳЦ⡣
¥ȥղų͵ʱ򣬳ϷҪȥճЦǺһȥҲƼϷһȥɢɢġ
ڣǵϷ׼úһ뿪
һ¥ܼҾѾڵˣҪȥĻǰһЩעҪ˵
ŹܼȥＸӶڸɻ
͹ܼҽ˺ķһԴŮӶޱ̧ͷĸɻָе΢Ӱص
ղĵʮƵʵʱ͵˾ǰߵĻС
ϸ׵ִ򿪸մ͹ƵͶǰƵںУӳһ˫촽Ǹʮ޵Ůˡ
ǰֵУյʱһ£ӵƬҲгȥ̳ʱΪ򿪳ϳЩƬ

ڶ졣
һˣһ´û̾
ڻճУųϷѧ˵廨裬ڿòõĻУ˱ǣûкۡ
ʱǳѧϷ˱ʹˣʱϲҲǣʱͱȽϳûʲô¡
ѧ˵ϲϲеϡ
ʵĺܺãǵһʱֳһţýƲԣȲɱģͱĥˡ
ʱ򻹺ãΪĥǴ࣬λЩΣûеܲ˵ĵزûбֳصϴʱ򣬲ŷЩ
Сˣûж⡣
ǰũʱ־ĲҶҪصĶƺָպĥƣҪȴضˡ
ûܣֱ˯ڡ
ûʲôһ΢ȣ;Щʣüչ˿ҩͿˣЧܿġ
´óҩõģɱҲܺܿ˴ǸƻͣȻȲǵĿ٣ҲͬܺãƾͺõĲˡ
ΪλЩΣ£ҧ´ԡңŶҩҲȥֱԡҹ⻬ǽڣȥϴ֡
壬˵ֻϰΣͻһ͡
ĪģԳĻȻôһڴ
ֻʶ磬磬Ҳһֱĵģ߽һЩĶ
£ͳദ̫УΪչ
ѴȵԺţ磬ﲻԾʹϸ΢Ц⡣
ȳڴ￴ͬģſЦ̾͸ֳ                        

11

ͣϷȥЪϢˣû˯ϰߣһʢͣοڻиΪȤڡ
аҴȥ
ΪͷӦû뵽ȴԥˡ
ôˣ粻Ŀ
ûóȶã¶Ц˵ûʲô
ȷʵûʲôվڷаǲöģͺá
߶ʱôһ㲻Ⲣ·
Ը˵ʮģûжʡ
ӷ˷а¥Ļ԰
ԡ
˵ţͽӹŵķа壬ô˵а廹ǱȽصģͦչ
¥һƬտĲݵأϰ٣ȥ
˵ߴߡ
˵ط󣬹Ȼ˵ģ¥治ԶһƬƺ
û䴰ŵǰĻ԰ܼ֮ǰûдΪһƬݵأʲôûˡ
СҰ͡˵üᣬʱҲһЩѹ¶տ
ͷƺȷʵܴ󣬺ʺϳ˵Щ
翪˷а壬İӾǰСвλã̧žͿȥ
ȥ󣬳Ҳվȥ
ʵе˵ѾѧˣԼһɳ˫ۻϸĶջû˵ڣ֪Ǻ⣬ˤȥ
һů𽥻ԼרĿǰٿطа塣
ŵ΢оƬһһģѽаգһͻ÷аһȻܳȥ
ǹһõĻȣúܽŵͷϺϵĵ㡣
ǿͷ׼ϴԡ¶㣬ܵϣմȾ£ȴģóúš
ǰδע⵽һϵЩСϸڣҲٻȥ˻ŮϵˮζЩȥһЩνĸ߼ˮ۸ٹʵô⣬Ȼ˱ŨصˮζѬ⡣
ҲΪζţȻǰٽЩ
ʮĵζ̫ȻŵһҩζЩζɺܵ˲
аڻǰܿվֱ
һϵζʵЩףĳ˵ҲڣˣҪʲô˶Уȴ
ҺûˣЩ΢ģ⣬һ΢Եˣ
뵽ղŵҩζüҩζĻǲˣû߹ܼ
¶Ĳףû˿ڣڳңҲһЩΣյ飬죬̫̫ȥ˻ճ
ֻˣճͲκΣա
뵽ˣֻǲ֪˵
üͷ壬վں棬ɨһȦˤ˵Ļ˵ܼҺЩȥӶˣ̫̫ڳԷʱ򣬾Ϳ϶ġ
Ļûκ֪
ŲϣȻᶯ˶Ѿ׹˵
ıȱֱ޳ð𪣬־֪λã϶ֻס
ʮ߰кӣǻʱ
˲˵Գʮ߾͸˲ŮŮ˵Щöȥˣû͸е棬һֱû硣
ү⣬Ҫǰʵϻǳ˵ȥĻ󲿷˶ţΪʵڻЩڿ졣
Ҹˣ˵ѯ£Ҳ˵ûԼͺû˿һΪڸЩֻ۾˵Ϲ
ͷʵЩ̫ãԼν滹档
ƯģҪǶԷҲ⣬§˻
żҲ˵еĻ֮ǰı޳ȫͬ
ŻƯ˻Ůɬ죬ҲЦˣЦȴŶ⣬ڶԷΪԼΨһǸ˺ȴת˷ֱֿȥһӡ
ĳ֣ǳûϵģպʱһˣڸһǮ֮󣬶ԷĲ
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Ϊ˱ģûϵɻ󣬳绹֪ͣСĽȻҲ֪аᡰʧءԭ
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촩˳£һſӿǸղӭ磬֪ʲôʱˣ¶ЩƤ
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ղѹȥͷƲסģֱӾըʹؿ벻                        


12

⣬۾΢΢ãȻؿų硣
Īең֪ΪʲôͻȻ
ͬʱ֪ΪʲôԭѾԺ˾ô˳Ϲҩĵطҩһθ֡
ãı飬ҲӦЦЦ˵㲻ȥ㻹벻ȥ
ܼ˵ʱͦġĩˣֲһ䣬ں
ǰǸӣĽͺûκġ
ˣͦԶġ
ڣ˸ڳ翴Բɵɡ
˫γ۾еЩ΢ңе¡
붺Ūĳ罫Щﶼѹȥ˵ҲǣͦԶġ
ԼҲ֪Ϊʲô˵ʵǺ뿴ΪŻʲôı飬ǲǺ¡
ɿ˵飬ѹǵͷˣͷеǻᡣ
Ҫıſޣе㼬ˣһֱϲ˻Ů˿ޣͷȥ壬Ծ͡ġķŹ
ô˵˿Ϊ˵ĺģʶȥ룬ԷǸܺõˡ
˲һңԳӡ͵һ壬ܺãòʿĵ뷨Ҫ̽ˡ
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ѾˣҲû˿źϲˣҲһ㣬ôҲͿԻؼˡ
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ͷɿתڲ˵ЩʱҪа壬ӹڸ첲ϵװף͸ˡ
״Լ첲ϣͿЦˡ
ŰɫµˣᵽôкݣЦòá
ü͸ЩĪǸ׽Ӵģָ˧кӡ
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ЩȣĴ󰡣Ǵ̶аĸֶһ˳
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УҲڽܾǰսΪӦǼսǸʱڣԵġ
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̾ͽͣΪ˵ĺߣǺСġ
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үүµǸ
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ϲˣҲκŵġ
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֪ڵı飬ֺܿߣʲôûһ
ϲȷʵûС
ԱˣɴôĹĽͣҲ˵Ҫؼҡ
뵽ϵЦЩ
Ȼôʱ䣬Ҫǵֵ߷ˣ̫ջˣοڶɸȤ
ǲ֪ûϲˡ
۾΢У͸ĳΣźţܿˡ                        


13

תۼǸŵĹģɫ仯ܿ죬ΪԼղЩ֪ӺζĿ־壬ӦԼˣֻΪԼĴ
룬˭ֻʶ˽Ӧö᲻˵ģƢǺܺãղҲе㲻ˡ
ǸҸոûع񣬻Ϊ
ЦŶǸĻû˵꣬ͣһ¾ͺ˹ȥ֪ĻʲôҲʣ˳
ʵ̫ͻȻˡ
ģͷ˼С˵
İ̫ԣ翴в߬½ǵ֣޴ֿȻٻеͬ顣
Լ֪ͬǴģү飬ǲհǰ˺ġ
ǳ̧֣Դ˳ͷС
ò˵ʮãȻеһҪЩûһ˵ͷĸо
ͷȵĴ̧ͷȥ硣
޹أûпȫ档̧ͷЦ˵ջ֡
֪Ļڣûϲˡ
˵̹ȻȷʵûС
㣬ûϲˡ
˵֮ûи̫ʱ䣬ЦһֱûƿߣŶԷĻش
ҡҡͷС˵ûС
Ļش󣬳Ц⿴Ӻˣá
ȻѾ˵翴û뵽лؼҵ뷨ڸЧҪˣɾ͵òʧˡ
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˵ţվаϣһֻ֣ʾ
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ЦƺȾվڵϵС¶ֹЦ
֣˳ϣǸůĴȷ˷а塣
ɿֺ󣬸ղűյֻдǸ¶ȣİ¶ȣվڷаǰ棬̵ġ

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Ѿ˯ߵʱΣĸ־ưɻޱȣǲŸսһֵʱ
ԽԽȵģյҲʼ٣ܶഩŮ˷žھưﴩ
һܷҹĻл¥ǵҹǵƹ⣬ҹǺƯģѾʮһˣ˶磬ڡ
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װɿģһ٬ӣ߸ݵӰ߽˶¥ĵ
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⿿ڵϣǰɿ
£Ӷ̶װ˺üˣǰûܳһ񫲻󣬿ɼû飬Щ
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ʱӦҪһʱ䣬ڽ˵ǣкܶʱˡ
ڰɫУ籡һõĻȣҲʱһ¡
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΢ŰЩɢʱż֣Ȼûǣסɱֳ˼ԡ
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ģһֱûзԣҲûԶֻһֱ΢΢ͷżһתͷͿĶ䡣
ӦǷ룬ԷӦҲ֮ǰˣ΢һ£ʹŲµ˼ҲãͻǸʶܱûκηӦҪõöࡣ
ݺܿ͵ָ̣ȥҲģСӽԱߵԶС
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УŮŮУǻңȺħһ㣬ƴ֣ߴŸְ飬ȻҲеŮҲĴѰ
翴ʶĹŮDطãҵģΪЩνĹΪ
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ûҪл޻ͻȥЩ˿Ưϸİ裬ʲô˼Ҳܲˡ
ڵƹӰУĩˣ΢΢Ц
װҲðɧһա
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߸˲˵ĳ磬Ҳ๴Ķǵ飬ԭЩϸ΢Ķ飬ûӹߡ
ҪǰĻôˣᶺ
ûмװװĺܺõˣȻҲ崿ˣЩˣû¹κβŪͺܿûȤ
˯ڳҿͷǸ                        


14

õ˺󣬸һֱȾĵ賿ϴľƶˣɼж١
ŵ˺Ůõģ綼ˣһԿɳϣŤŤľ˯˹ȥ˼ֲ֡
΢ĳ糶ڣ¶ԸеǺһʵţ쳣ˡ
˺Ůˣûҿģ˸ŵ˲ˣҳҲź
˵磬ǻ˿ζתԣˣ
ȵ𣬴űĵĽ׳˿鲻̽ſڡ
糤ȽɢؿɳϣѦ̧Է
˶Գı仯ͬ棬ղż粻ͷӣûʳڣҲѦ޺ͳϵ㲻ſʡ
̣ȼ󽫴ӵϣ翴Ѧ޶ͦȤ¼䣬ЦֺǼ
⻰һڣڳ˶֪ôˣ϶ӵЦ⣬ͬʱЩ棬ó絽ڻûֵˣ֪ô
趼ûϣǸ˵òһӳڡ
ֿʼߺȾƱߺʹһ米ɳЩϵЦ⣬һӲ
ĵƹ⣬һһģĳķ񣬳

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ͷֳ.ĵطɱģΪһԣֻһȵĻѹѹ
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ϧڻУûԡҩʱ򣬳һź
Сķ磬ǹаѹȥźܵ㣬ŷͻȥˣ󣬿ģȻǸαװ
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ĻҲû꣬߹ȥ𻨼֦ҶϷ˽ţһ㶼ż
Ĺߺܺãڻûȵʱ
ͷ廨ǰһ뻨ƿΧɢŸ֦ҶͻеڴС
ʱ򣬿ľʡ
̧ͷʱ˾ǴһƯľ̬ж
̧ͷų磬ǳǳЦ⸡֣ĹҲһ˲Ŀ޷εġ
ĿԺ󣬳û
ʵֻѧŲ廨ڳ翴ڴԼȻôôˣЦ۾ˡ
ʮնûĳ磬ôһ˲䣬Ȼһּҵĸо
ڹֻͥ˵ļң˻ǲ廨飬ܻ֮Цÿġ
Ǻ˵㶫ţȴ벻ʲô
ֵĸоܿʧҲЦЦüȫᡣ
ڳĹܼҿٿһĻʲôû˵΢΢ͷ
Ǽүı֣ÿͦȣû뵽үȻôʱ䡣
ʱҹܳȥ飬Ҳ֪ǰҪúܶࡣ
ǰүҹޣڰҹȥ֮ǰǰʲô¶ûһ
ֹйܼңװˣ̬֪ͦʲôġ
ڿ󣬾ͷĶվ
ղŲһ㣬˵ơˡĻȫʶķӦ
ڿ˹ǵʱסڶңմʱͻ˵ˣڳ
û˵ڣͼʱסˣﱾǳļң˵е㷴Ϊˡ
¸ڶǱҵˡ
ߣҲ˹վͷҲľƣ֣ô񳤸ˡ
գ۾֪ҵʱ䣬ų˵
ڳ˵ʱ˱ȣĸ˵㣬ڣЩȣû뵽绹ڳ塣
ϻиҵᣬῪʼʱ򣬻п裬ÿҵҪ顣
绺˵ţͳ棬Ц⡣
ӦϸͶõģԺͬ꼶ȥҲУ¡
֪ǲǹģˡ¡ʣﾳ£ȷʵֻ˼û
ϸڣǡ
˵ٿȻЦȫЦ⡣
ȥ˰Сǡ
ϸһ飬˳ųĻ˵ȥģ۾
ǸƯĸ羰һСϣϵĽеĿͨλãе͸һֵţ˵ɫѤģͨСʱ򿴵ĶƬͳһһҹ
ڻһĲɫСҰգЬСϪˮץ㣬һСߵݶǺ貼ˡ
ľûйģ̫ˡ
ȻҲȥģǿ˯ţԼ˯˳绳
ôŶĴӻûѵĳ绳ŲȥԼ֪ڳҲˣһֱûѡ
ܺãһֱȥĵطѧа壬ڵǳֶ
û֮ǰûǸֻڳүүеĳ磬ôãôˡ
ԡЦ˵ҾʹǸᣬͬ꼶ʶ˺ŮѾˣڻûҵ¡
ԡ
糯һֻ֣ӣἫˣ˵ҵİ𣿡
ִʿĳ磬ȥֻĵͣ
ǣҲ衣
ģЩ֪Ϊʧȥ˵Ļᣬ裬ﲻ˳æҪѧͺˡ
ҿԽ㡣
Ц⣬ʵĻشǸġ
ͷûп˵ʱҪµЦݡ
㲻ӦĻҾֻȥһЩϤˡ
û˵ʧ䡣
̧ͷΪܵ䣬޴롣
ûеģûвӦֻѧᡣ
͸СˣԼ֫ῴЭûǰ裬һһţʲôˣ̫Ϊˡ
ͻˣѵģ⼸Ҷʱ䡣
ղŵʧһɨ⣬֪ǲܾģȥָûջ˼
һ£ֶ˺һˣԼͶԲڻʱ䣬С˵á
СطŵϺ󣬾ͿǰùֵˣЦüΪġ

15

Ϊ׼ģʾ£ǼΧֱӾڿʼߺ͸ݣûиκηԵĻᡣ
ƼԽԽģȻûж·ڿ˹ǻǼġ
Ĳ÷õĶǻ·Ҳ඼ǰԶһҪֹɡ
۸Ϊֹԭ򣬼ϱȽϺõϣһ㣬Ƴ·ȷʵҪֱ򵽵ĿһЩ
ˣߺݣõĶߣ˵һʵ飬û뵽ڵ·عԭʼķ
ʦֹãҵղģ
һԶ򵥽һ£ǼϸȻǰȥӹҪΧǸߡ
ĸΧʼֻߺ䳤ԭ𲽽زβĲȴӹ֡
ԲʦɫԳһռ䡣
ӱȽ֪⼸˶רҵ·ģΧмֲЩʡ
ǸͻȻ뵽Ӧô˲ʦ
һ䣬ŵǲЩڣ
ԥţǵͷȷʵһЩԱĲڲûг˵ôأǼ˺棬ֻרĹ
Цﻹߣ˵ʲôֿڣ˵ĻӦûȽϺõ㡣
֣һԵĲʦ˵ᣬѾʼָӦôȥֻſ˫ۣγΧ
ĺܿ죬ۿؿΧЩͲˣͷ⿴һۺ󣬱һ֣Աߵ˾ͼ
ͬҲĳߴ磬ϸͣڰСϣƵĲࡣ
һֱ˵ʲôڳ缴ΪΧʱ򣬾С˵ˣвݵĹܡ
ͥȽϺõˣһ϶м˲ĸݣҲЩĸָ꣬ûЩ
·Ҳֻ֪ţֳһԣֻҪܴͺãȥЩϸµݡ
֪ҵļ˺ȽⷽĹܵģղ˵ɳһ㶼ûֱӾڲʦָ¿ʼ
Ǻ⣬ڣܾûпǵȻȻģΪҿѵɣ̫ˣͲỳκβõĵط
϶ͣάƣֻ̧ͷЦſһۣᡣ
ֹЩ΢ģֻҪûݻû֣ԺҲ԰ٲڶΡ
˵ţûǵ㿹ԣٰΧ
ɱģһ֣ûκβԵĵط
ݺ󣬳ܺõֱЦ̹Ȼ˵һֱһټ򵥲
ղſ㳤䳤ЩݣѾ˲ˣԳĹҲͽˡ
һԹܼվڸкܵͣע⵽ж
ǼǸĴүһһֺôǰҲһ㲻ʸжûС
һֱĳΪ̫ģƢֱ꣬ȢӵĹܼԸοɲɣôǸõĿʼ˵Ϸ˵үˡ
ܼãղſ㳤ûвǼүƾҪϥڵϸˡ
Щ飬ԹҪȵ߿øЩ
ϧûпһĻ
߻רҵԱ翴͵͵˿ƺǹһѹأ黹䷺ź졣
ã˵ļˣȻҲ֪ΪᷴӦû뵽˼תĻͦ죬ٿ죬Ҳܾô֡
óֻҪҸɣͻΣóʮá
ܼҴ˳ȥˣһҪ¸ڶʱʱܽ
ǳ˸ƳһҪģǶ߼ֹʦ
ΪʲôҪԼҲֻ֪һҪȥᣬ·еĴѾˣ·Ǵк顣
ڣ飬һҪģü䶼á
֪Լ縺ųΣ͸ųһȥѵ¥˸еѵңҲרŵ赸ңʩװȫ
嶼֪ôȥţһֱգʮġ

ʱ֫ӴƵģ֪һ㣬ԼĶٻȵ磬ҲעⲻҪͳùڽˣȽϳɹ
뻹Ǻܸܽܵ͵Цʱǻ𶯣ͷҪʹԡ
ٲϵЩ£ɳĺãȫԸܵ
˳֮ڳǰδйúͲ飬ڰԴģңϴ˵Ҫദ֮󣬳͸ˡ
ɢʱ֪ƺǣ֣һֱڿƣûκιߵľٶҲ̽ջ֡
żס貽̧ͷĳ硣
ôˣ
ͷ˾ôĶӡ
죬Ҳ֪Լ˵ʲôֻ뿴磬ܺõˡ
ǲǳˣ
Щ⣬ڵڣֻ˻⣬ȷʵе
㷢ˡ
תʵĸ첲Ǹ͵ĽӴá
ףƻмͷ
ֽˣʱɿһɶͦߣѧ棬ôҲ֮С
ȵؿ磬Ҫ
кӳøʵʮ߰껹ҲȽϳ
֮ǰиͬѧȥһѧ͵ش˸ͷǸͬ䣬϶㣬øҲ
˵ò٣˽ҽһֱڹ۲죬ۺ¸ĽۣԼȻ֪
ٳĻǲǾһ׾ˡ
³ߣٷĺһ׾ңүүͺܸߣ˵϶ᰫˡ
ţࡣ
翴һſڣЩԴ֡
˭ǸνġʿĹУͿԹЩˣοŵġ
ĵ׵źֳֻܱﰵϧ
ų磬Լһߣв㰫ԶߣûʲôִҪߴĶʱûпԵŵģͺ޲ԼԳܸߣ־ͿԹ
ֲսкڳʱ򣬼ṩʳӪʮֳ㣬ǻʹȻͨ˻ֹڰСӪ֢״
ԭһμʱ򣬳ףһװңҲ˶٣ô̵ʱ䣬ͿʼܸˣҪһ׾ȥҪ߳ʮס
ôҲ볤ߣ
Цգ۾ӣûסͷࡣ
ȥûٳˡ
˵еźЦһ
ʵͦ˵͸ոպãڻĻ°ͿԸڶԷڰСݶ
˯ʱܹԣһ𣬰ģСһҲˣŲﶼ֪
ٳһЩͿȫ£ڻ룬ʵܲ
ǰûʲôڴĳ磬һ˿ٳߵͷȻû׶ģܻġ
ڵֺ󣬳룬ܲô׾ˣϾһô׷ˡ
ţ̣úóԷ˵Ϳԡ
ûȥάν裬Դܿͷ֣ãֻһο
Ȼȷʵôġ
ô˵ͷҲǣһܼء
Ϣ˵ĻҪ𣿡
翪ڣ֡
ȴǵøղų̵ЩûŤСĵذԼַȥ¿ʼֿʼϰ                        


16

ʱֽֿţܿ͵ˡ
мǱҵ񣬳ǰĿУѧУˣĩûϢʱ䣬Ҫ׼ٶϹҪܻ
Ǳòģֻüϰ貽ͺãΪæֻԼϰˡ
ӰѾ˳ʵʵĻûв
ַڿУӰʮ׼ȷ赸ҵؾһãԽ
ܺãҲֻܰﵽŬ
һγɹоԼ䣬ȥ룬֪һôȥ
ͣ£赸ҵķžͱ죬תͷȥһֻһεŮӶͱȽϴޱġ
үˣҪ·
ǸŮӶϾһոµղֿʼʱſûˣ֪Һ֧ʱ䲻ӵʱ䣬Ӧûȶá
첽߹ȥŮӶҲߣ˹ȥ͵ͷߣǻرܵ˼Ϳֱﻻ·
ү´úԽңҰס
ǸŮӶȻûʲô飬ɸе͹ضеģҲû
ãлл㡣
Ӧţ¶ǳЦ
ŵʱǸŮӶţһξãԷͦĵġ
赸л·ĵطһ͹ȥˡ
ŮӶָе΢Ӱٴͳӳĳ棬ѾʵʱƵȥĵط
ǸӰǳԼģ̬ƽʱǰıͣûжĲ
һУƬƵһЩԵ㱨ǰ߾
ϴӼϢŮӶܿɾˣͬʱҲ֪ôȥ
Ǹ˼Ƚеˣ죬Ҳæ

ڶ죬ȫǹ飬춼ˣϽһֻʱˣĽչԼãóûӡ
һ꼶ıҵᣬô˿ţԽĽ
ֻԼһȥϰһȥѧУ
ں̫̫͵ʱ̫̫赸ϰôˣʵʵػشˣ̫̫ЦǺǵģ˵ͺãýš
ճ극û
ܼһԴ˹ԣյһϢŲߵϷߣڣϷˣ˹ؼҵСүȻҪݷãѾ˷
Ϸý˵һԷģ˹ܼҵĻ
ġ̫̫ȻǺͶԷϤЦ˵
ԭûȥʳҵĿˣֻǳǳЦţ̫̫˵Ҫȥ赸ҡ
ڵõһЦ͹֮뿪˲ӻǺܽţȥ
ϸ˺͹ܼҿļУЦЦû˵ʲôɶڼҪİ𡤿˹أ˶Էǳ
Ϸˣүһֱ赸ңӦò⡣
ܼұžְΪ˼ǵְ𣬰οһ³Ϸˣ֪Ӧáǲܵġ
˳ңضҪ緹ֲܲһ
ҪǱ𿴼Ҳ֪ҪֳЩʲôǸСˣڼܽ˳ңҲί
ܼ̾˿үڣѧУǱߺֳܶȷϡ
һ赸ңгӰʵûжµһһϰٺÿ赸ظù࣬Ҳÿ
浽ѧУĳʱʱմ赸ҵļأÿһζܿϰ
̫ˡ
֪˼ԼãԾôŬ
Ϣң򿪹ԣĻԽԽõıãһʼ֫彩Ӳ죬Ѿúܺˡ
żʱ䣬Ȼ֫ͺЭȲϵЩСѧ赸СˣһУڳ
֪ôŬΪһ˵涪
˼ȥ£ȥ£ԼͱֵĹԡ
ڵһϰʱֻȽϼ򵥵貽Ϣʱͷɥģ䡣
ôˣ̧ͷģίͰ͵Ŀ˵ãóûӡ
缸˵ãοҲǴûйģæŰοҲûע⵽ԼĲͬ
ڿŹĺܿ죬ƫݵǸӰĽһϰ鶼档
һ飬˹ԣ뿪ϢҵʱЦһֱûɢ

17

赸ͣ
貽ûж༤ң滺֣ǳһ
ڵϢҲ΢΢ȣ·硣
⼸赸¶ȲߣһֱĻⲻ˻úȡ
Ҳʱ赸ҵǽڿʼת΢ķ翪ʼе˿˿ˬ
ЩȣΪҵ赸Ҳܵġ
һ£ͷִͨѶǳ硣
Ӱ
ʶģ̧ͷӰһֱվţִӰϣӦӦӰŻᶯһϰ
ԭվûвӰ񻺻̧ͷ˵ϵ
磿
ʶǳͨѶӰͶ䵽Ӱϡ
ҡ糯Цᣬ˹
ͨѶӰ𣿡
š
ߵǰͺһģһ
ôˮ
ǰѵͳĴ˵ĺ
ô֪
ȵ΢΢ۣ֮ǰͨѶûӵ֪ġ
мء
ָָǽϵļأЦŶ˵뿴㡭ϰô򿪼ظպÿϢûˮ߸æҵ֤
ôһ˵Ҳеʣ˱ˮ˼ڣתصߣԳ¶ǳǳЦ
Ǹղŵķ磿
һǽڣ˿˿΢紵赸͡
ȣͿ˵͵硣
Цţü۶ġ
ôˣҸղû򿪼ϢΪ˲ʲô˻⡣
Ҳ֪յü̧ͷ硣
ڻǵãһϹȥҵҽţǸô
һڽţЦЦڣûϵҲûϵڣҾͺá
ԵͳĴܿɿһֱڵõ㰲ο
ʱҪǣһ㡣
ٴΰο
Զ׼ģһӷˣҲǣʱ裬ǻúܽȫԵģ֮ǰôû뵽
ڷ翡Цⲻϡ
ղų˵򿪼ԼϢģ˵һ㿴
Ӱȫûдеģ뵽;ܾ
һ緹ʱȥʱһϰϢˣǲѾ˺ܾá
ĻЩů˿
ھͺˮϢҽûţкܶʱ䡣
̧ͷԴˣ΢ջû
Ȼȥ󣬾ͿԽĻὫ§ڻźǣֻͷģʱ
ʱԽǵòĶԽ˵䷢չΪһִ
ò˵ȷʵãڵĻԼҲôš
Ǿ
Цᣬ˵
ҪжͨѶԹһʶСȻӻ֡
ǰʧѧУϢҵĳǰֳղŵӣָӺܹԣֻͬװ׾ҲģȻֻֻ֪ʲôС

쵽緹ʱ򣬹ܼ赸ҡ
ү
ܼҺϤ̬ɹ
ͣһ飬ͳͨȻϰҪǾ˾ͻϢղŵĽŲͬˣҲ˳ĻϢʱͻЩˮһ¡
ԼʵѾգÿһˣֻ֮ǰΪ̫ţȫǶϰŻס񾭱̫
ܼҺЦ£ǰ鷢Щʪ赸Ҳһˡ
ܼԷģߣϱ鿴Щԥ
ܼңôˣ
ʶΪܼҿЩġ
үģ˹ؼҵСүܼ͡ҿڣЩġ
Źܼңͷ͵ʱȷʵܼ˵ˡ
үҲ緹һͻֻǣүڼｿˣƢЩ
ܼûм˵֪ԷǸܽߵүЦ£˵ܼ֪ˣҲġ
ͲǻµԸ񣬹ܼȻ֪Ǳˣ˻һƢôá
үСͱȽүҲһ𳤴ģԺүߵýŮԺ˶
ܼҼûа·ϣ̲ס⻰˵ЩԽԾû˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
û뵽һ¡
ܼһ˵ͳ磬ߵȷʵеˡ
үģҺϷ˶ڡ
סָܼϽο
ֻܵͷǸܱȽϽߵСүȥǶԷͺˡ
㣬Է˵Щʲô͵ֻҪͻͺãϾǳңļңһûʲôġ
ôţ¹ǳǳЦŹܼҾ¥ߡ
ǸһСװĽʵǰһ𡤿˹أǸƯҫ۵Сˡ
¥ǰС԰ڻǧϣӶڻ
˫ɫ۾Ǻ峺ɫ
΢΢̧Сɵ°ͣһӾͿԸĽɶһƯСˣãһӦ顣

վΪһˣҲͣࡣ
ܼ⻰ֱԣΪϷ˵ڶûĴڣ˼ٽнܡ
ֻҪ˵ҲǳҵĿ˾ͺãģΪ˲ðΪҲ˵ܲٸʵף̫ûòˣû뵽ڰ֪ˡ
ͷڣҡ
Ű͸ûʲôӻ߲ΪѾˣ۰˵ʲôͺãԷܲΪ
İĵطеѾˣгȥ棬ƢõĲˣڳǰܷɡ
ʲô飬粻ֹҾ佱кܶ಻飬ǰοûʲôֻҪѧͺãûʲôѵģ˵ԼһʼҲᣬҪѧϰġ
Ϳ佱Ժܶ˵Ҫģе˾ЩôҪɶ˵
յǣԼ飬ǳѵĲԡ
ѵĻ˵Ļǻɥʧĵģһζû
ԾԼû֣ѾǸǵЩͬˣԺпİˣûбֳӣѾһܴĽˡ
֪ҵĿģ㻹ǲҪȥˣҲΪ㣬ֻҪԶһ㡣
ߵǰȫǸ߸ϣôһˣģȥΪѶԷֻҪʶȤԼ뿪Ǿͺá
û˵һ۽İ𣬾ʹΪ֪ôش
˵Ҫദһʱ䣬ںʲôģ˭Ҳ֪ڣֻѶѡ
ĺͳûнͻؼңڣ֪ôģԼ
˼һ£ȴЩãȻǺܺãɵ˵ģҪദһʱ䣬ԵĻŻῼһǸԡǰʲôЩ֪롣
֪ҪĻǰҪи飬Ҳ˵Ҫϲȥ顣
û˼ʲôĬΪôɹ˵ˣƯµ¶Ц
Уγҵ飬㲻ȥˣһȥ
仰ԭĬٿȻ̧ȥ                        


18

ͻȻ̧ͷ˿ţǸЦƺƶ˲ҷ
١
ܼҼֲ࣬ҲͻԿ
ô˵ү飬Ҳֻүү죬ȷʵԽˡ
뿪ԲӰһʻϿմ
ڳ˶̧ͷȥҲ⡣
Ǽܷ䣬޴ĳڻ԰е𣬻֦ҶһصģЩſ˵ϡ
ڷȻѹ˺ܴһƬվڻ԰˱ȽԶӭĿЩʸУҲû¡
һͷƯĽ𷢱ɢڿӷ߳ʶͷԭվӶҲϽǰ
վˣͷҵӣҲģһƽﾫͬеÿ
ȻҲҪǸ顣
ͬ紵ͷǰ鷢óЩ¶Ķͷ
ֻһͷȻǻطֿ
һ۹ܼңܼҿѯʵ˼ȴûκʾҪĵطͷġ
ʵǴ󣬿ûеܿŵĵزڳͷҲûرңҲΪӶ˷ӦڼңԾҲһ¡
ȻԸйصģྫ£Ȼֺпʧ̬ı֣ο绹ˡ
˷󣬳һֱ
͹ܼҶӵӣϸղͷЦ⣬ǸԵҲ֪ʲô˼
·ϣԭ뿴ڲ赸ң򿪼طûˣʹ˹мء
¥ǰĻ԰ҵӰɳ͹ܼңа𡤿˹ء
ó΢΢üߵʱ򣬿ɲ֪
統Ȼ֪ǸʲôƢпܳԿί
ղڷͨļغϵͳȻͰĶԻ
߹󣬼û£ɨһ۸մͷǸꡣ
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ʵ˲ٱں;ȫ㹻ıϣϾǼСһǸƯСˣ˹ع϶ܷȥֳ
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֪Լʱų磬ܲͷҲԼܶûóڵֻ֪˰ֻܸ֮ԼǶĵġ
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ЩˣЩͬģȫûְϹҺĸо
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΢΢̧Сɵ°ͣûȥͳţƺ±͸ôǳ顣
Ȼ΢΢ü֪𱻹߻ˣҲ֪ϲԼû뵽˵Ļ
һֻǸԼпˣ˵᲻ͬ⣬û¡
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ҵİ˭ֲָֻš
ͷһûϤᣬ䣬ô˵棬ûиһӣ˵ǰ£顣
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磡
ڶݵľ㵹󣬰𳹵׾ʧ̬ˣü
ųŵСүСûбѵǵһӶ˵棬ðԽܣʼڲԡ
ǰô棬Ҷ⣬ôˣ磬УǲͦģҪҪҸ涼ôġ
ĳЩ޵ͶͬʲôµӡȻ˳ˣһӦò֪ǰɵЩ顣
ҿЩϵףҲǰڼȵУҪЩĵԳһ֮Ϊ裬ɳ綼ôˣûһӡ
ۿ˵İٺܿ죬ɳ練Ӧܿ죬סĶ䡣
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ڰ۾Ҫ˵֪Щʱû˵ڣ۾
ڼȵ𾪺ȵȸָӵЩǱںУȻֹ
籣˫סƣͷȥ                        


19

ǰһĻ״̼˰ԭֻǺۿȻûã͵˳΢΢°ͣŬάǸ󽾰ӡ
硣
ڽ򶨣۾᲻Ҫ
Ȼûôλεıףֻȥû̫¡
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ҵĹܼҲæں棬ȰοͣҲܴ˵̫ĻΪϣҲֻǳҹӶ˶ѡ
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Թܼ˵ûʲôӾͺܰЩҲˣҰֻǸ軵Сˣ컹ˣƢ
ߵֱӾԭء
ڳסʱֻǾȣȷʵ˰Щȥʲô
ʱ˵һһƬհըԺмʲôûˡ
뿪󣬳粻΢΢󳷡
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ײ۾󣬾͸ӻزˡ
ܿĵĮͲ⣬Ǻ˵ģüҲ˳԰Բͷ
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ҪĻ͵и飬˵ֻϲˣһֱȥǻԺϲһҪ顣
磬ϲ
֪뵽ԼͬҲ֪Լϲϲ硣
ǰ᣿Щɻģû뵽ô
ΪȷʵûĿǹ飬ʱֻΪסڵǡ
ܿ췴Ӧһ¡
ĻҲǲԣЩøеģǵүӶˣҪҲ˳¡
οⶼһˣ˲ֶûõĸҲǸղǸǡ
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ǣܸܲңôġ
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翴һúܽ
̧ͷ˫ǹ۾ﵹӳӰӣרע档
ٿȻЦˣ滺ͳǺ˵ߡ
ϲϲҡ                        


20

е˼ϣôһ˲䣬ԼһƬհס
ų磬˫ΪƯ۾ﵹӳӰΧһƺܲˣͺֻʣˡ
ʼûеõش𣬿һ㶼ջЦ⣬΢΢ͷָŵ½ǵܲӡ
Ķ΢죬翴ˣһ˵泩УƯСϹˡ
緹ʱ䵽ˣܼ˰𣬳¥߹ǼܷɹϿգٶȼ졣
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ת¥ߵʱ򣬳ϵЦֶӣ漴͸һ˲ǸŵƤңǸõĹӡ

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ҽһЩԣҪ̫ԶȻһ֪ǹϵá
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ܶͬѧȥķչҲһֺһûѡȥѧ޵ģ˿˹ǣɵ׼縺ƣæµϵҲͲˡ
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˲СĶϣԷֻʮ꣬سЦЦ
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Сߵ̨ϣһװõʻУĻҲȥ뿪
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ܿ죬͹ˣȥѧУԷѧУڱҵһ죬׼ɫͣҲκηãֻҪܽѧУŵˣȥԡ
ֻܶǵӣΪϻᣬҪģǳˣԵ̫಻                        

21

Ļͺͳȥ
ܶഩŻŮЦ⣬Ůϵĳȹվһ𼸺涷ޣһʮ۵Ļ档
ڽʱ˺ܶ඼ǳ˫ɶԣһ𣬶ŮԺԵĸ첲
Ƚȥ֮ǲŻȻɿҪôƱҪôǺʶ˽̸Цⲻϡ
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һ»Ҫ裬뵽һ㣬ֿʼеš
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Χܶ˶綯ֺȻСסһߡ
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һ˲ˣɳʲô֪Ǹרעӣ˵ֻ񣬲ˡ
˵翴Щ˼˵ȥ
ǡһ¥ֿʼֻǰ࣬ʾҪʼˣǳû˵ǣ¥ߡ
˺üʱʶ֪Ҫôȥɵһô˸ǰ裬ⲻ˻Щš
ΪչֻΧĽţ͵Ц
£ֻҾͺá
ͳĳİĿɿ̧ͷų硣
ĵƹ⻺ų磬һûгԵƹЩ棬Աߵ˱糣֧豾͸
ǰıʯŹǹ⣬֪Լıʯ룬ɳ˵úɣĲʲôöûзϣȥ󻹸ͺá
Աߵһ˺Ů˿ǿűʯﶼžȣֿһ۳磬貽ı仯߾ͱסˡ
Ҵүǰǿźǹⱦʯ飬Ȧ̸˺һΪǿűʯԣǧҵôһš
ʯһ֮ںɵģһּΪ仯ɢǹȻģһЩ鱦˹ǹ⡣
űʯڳʮڣ˿ûУõֺһ£ͦû˼ʮھô
ʱʮ꣬в˶ڲ룬ҵĲжۺ񣬻ûгļ̳˾ͿһԳô࣬ǸӿҲֻǮѡ
ڳ±ʯвȦ˶ڵţ˭ܴϣɸߵˣû˴ֱڡ
ף˽⣬Ҳǳһΰʶǰܶ˶ڲ²ݡ
кü۾˺Ůˣתͱ任λõڼ䣬˺üϵıʯ롣
ˣϴĶ϶Ǽٻ
ʮڵıʯ˵ĺ档
Щ˵ߣﶼǳͬҵΪʶͶ࿴һۡ
һ֧꣬ͳ˳滹Уֻϰһ֣ҳҲȥˣ˶ӣʲôÿƵ顣
ȥʱ򣬽٣߸һúƯСˣֹܣϴ·Ĳһˡ
󣬽üŵı̧ۣ˧¶˵ƦЦ
΢üϵЦȻʲô˼Ϲǡ
֮ǰѹɿӣһֱûġ
һ£뵽ֳֻƭĻҪĺһˡ
õʮڵĶɱȳǰЩ˵õĺôˣǻȥˣѶһⱲʲôȫʳǡ
к󣬳ʹ뿪ˣŸʶ˳֣ҪϺܾá
뿪֪ΪˣΧ˽Աߣʲôˡ
ֶǴġ
ѧУкܶ඼һȦӵģͳӿǼҳ㷹ͬͬѧеĶôϤǺЩ˻ÿԲ̫˵Щԣ˼䡣
˻ٶ֪ǰЩ¼ҲͬDˣǸƢĵӺ󣬻ǼΪȵģΪӣҪϴˡ
һûʲôȤӣͶȻˣֻѡ
ݺܿȨƲ鵽ˣһСˣʲôûУҿӸʷҲǿհ׵ģǸ¶ˣºܶ˶˿ֵ˼
ҵĵλţҳǸĻӣͬһȦˣŲµ뷨ֻǶһʲôѣǸʵߡ
ﲢȫ˼㴿ѧһòˣղǿʮڵıʯʵ˼˳ŲʣųʱûеùôõĶ
ǰƣΪڴӶ¥ʱ򣬻רΪǳȤû뵽ǲǸ䵭Įı飬кܲζ
߸˸˵ܿʹ˿Ҹȫͬǰ߸ˣеŮĻˣ඼һ㶼ôߡ
ϢDǱߺ֪˶ڿ֣˶ģĳǸүʲôʱˣȥµӡ

翪ųȴһ⣬Ϳ˼ʻλ
ȥطЦ˵û˵ĺ档
ܿ죬ͣһ¥ǰûκͣ翪ֱӽ˵ݡ
ڶ¥³кܴķΣЦ£Ȼ֪Ŀģŷ磬Ķˬޱȡ
㿴Цᣬ򿪹ֻ˼¡
ܿ죬ָķԶĴ¥һһĹ⣬˸ͼЦⲻϡ
ȵУ̻ԶڿըƯ㣬ҲֹǶķΧһȦ̻ڿգʶҪ
Ҷ˲λǲûгԱ
̻ɢ󣬳翴˵ڿ̲סԴҲʮֺá
ֹЦ۾ģ΢ǵζ
Ӷǣǳ󣬿һǹҲ֪ô£߹ȥ˼ǳ
ûԣʱ뵽кܳʱ䣬һ٣пܳԲͰװ·
ڳ̯ǣţһţ󺬽ֽ˹ȥװ
ǵ𽥻ûǻôҲġ
ϲϲ̧ͷЦʡ
ǹ£ﵹӳӰ
һȻӿǱ˺һ˵УȻĶ                        


22

Լ˵, ϲ
ϲϲǣϲϲ̻, ֻ֪Լ˵ϲ, 
, Ѿʮһ, ϴڴϡ
ָƽ, һ̵ĸо, ޷ǡ
Էʱ򣬳ģ, ϳʱҲǣΪ򿪳, һֵڳ棬ֹײͷ
ЩСϸ, ɾЩůůģ˺ܺ, ϲϲ硣
뵽һ㣬һ˴ڷ䶼, ڴϷ˸ͷ
ǣ˺㣬ôʿһ, òҶöҲࡣ
ԼȲ˵λûõóֵĶ
ѧʱǲŬŬĽеˮƽףҲǼͨеȡ
յĻҲʲôѧһ֧軹ǳġ
ͻȻ;ɥɰͷ˶ˡ
˵óڵգҲˣǿѷ죬˳죬ܳԽ
ѧʱķǶʵҲ̫ᣬȥ꿪ʼˣѧƽʱǶöһ㡣
ũæʱ򣬶ȥũŸȫƽһҶĶûԵܱͺá
ԱԼͳãͳòһǰ͸ˡ
ڴϴ˸һͷϴɾͷңֳð𪣬Ĵϣġ
ǴһշԼĽ׶Σһ˴ڷ˼˺ܾò˯š
ڶʱ۾ŵ࣬ɫҲЩƣ
¥󣬿ɳһӾЦ
Ļȥ˯û˻˵㣬ͺ˺ҽ㡣
һѵĳߵǰûסͷ
ǲˣ˯
ȳջȥҡҡͷ˵վͳһܼȦǴǰͿʼġ
û£ҪҪһܼȦԶ塣
߸ݵĳôʵȷʵЩĶͺһܣҲչٶ
ߣȻعղųԴˣǱȽǵľٶѣǴûйĽӴ
ƺһɨ⣬Ϊ֣۾΢䣬֪һζϳԵˣ̵ġ
ۡʼܣĲٶȶ˵ʮɡ
ׯ԰ʽĸۡһȦҲ۵ùǺǼȦ
ǰ鷢ʪЩ죬󱳳˺Ȧú֮ǰҲһɨ⡣
յ峿Ǻȣʱз紵ţ¥Ĳƺţ경ʺͻȻͣ
и磬ûãƳĶôҾ˰֮ǰûˣҸ͹ȥԣϲ
ϢƽȣЦŶ˵
⣬ѾһôҪ
ţҲ˵˳ˡ
һ˵ǴһεģϯҪһ
Ǹɻı飬üëһ̲סЦ
ҵ֮ǰö࣬Լ꣬ҲЩˣֻң͸һҴ
˵̧ͷȷʵ糤ˣǰ·ڲҲҳѾ˸ˡ
ȻָУΪ̫ˣʼնڳܶԷĺ⣬Լȴʲôû
֪ǲǴڸʼĽ׶Σ뵽ЩͻȻЩ٣֪Լô
ʵҪҪ߳硣
֮ǰ˵һ˵ˣҲ
仰Ͽĵһۣȴˡ
ôˣ
翴Դ䣬ɥɥģЩ⣬ôͻȻˡ
û¡
̧ͷ磬ҡҡͷ
΢üһ˵ӣֻÿڣֻǾãǺҺöණҲ£ɳԴ̫ˡ
Ƶģһ۳󣬾ɥصͷ
õʱ򶼾ԼܲΪ֪ҪôԳãúѹ̫ˡ
ЩڳõһУ˵ںˣʲôڳҳԺס绹ȥ棬ѵЩõ㣬Ҳ
ʵһԼڰռұ˵ĸоΪԼĸ͵õЩȫԵȡ
û뵽ô˵ͷɥӣ֪մСǸСˣҪʲô˵Ҳԣ˵ʲôʲôɣʵҲǺ⡣
㡣
Ц⣬ͷ
仰̧ͷ磬ֻԴϡ
ſϴЦ⣬ô˵仰
ˣһʱ֪ô˵俪ʼ̡
һֱĳ緢ˣʵղǾ仰ʶ˵ڵģûйû뵽ţ˶䡣
ͷְֻ˳ãüﶼá

ʱ÷ɿ죬һܿ͵ˡ
Ӱʼ½ͷܶŻĿ˱ӽ˻¥ⶰ¥ȫд˵ġ
ɳĵ·ͦ翴ʱ·һĪС
һΣ˽ʲôģξûôţڳҰļ磬ȽϤĵط
˵ǳÿ궼һεᣬһЩѹ
ɶ᲻˵ȴһֽźͷ֮У֪òø˵ǰ경󣬳˵
ÿʱͻ٣Ҳʼ̡
Ҫ߳ĻҪôȥ˵
ֻ֯ԵʱҲʼţŵԼع󣬷Լһֱ½ǣ·ˣʲôǶû
һֱڸûȥĳ磬Ϳ񣬻˵Сˣ͸ʱһֲ
Ϊ˲ٿˣݣ类Ϸ˵׵ܵ˵ѣֻЦȥүӡ
ΪСүү͹үҪ֪ĻôӵۣɻǰʰԳڳϷǰһ͵סӡ
ȳʶȥ֮ǰĵطӰ֪ܵȥˡ
ķʱ򻹻΢΢ü
硣
մ򿪹ԵĳһϤתͷȥСˡ
߸˸Ӹߵˣ˵ǸСܹ
磬þò
ܻã˷ܣΪ
þò
˵ţҲǸ΢΢ʾ⣬ûӶѣͷȥԣҵˡ
һ˷ܣΨһĶӣֻܾӿڣһ£ϲ㶼УԼȥԡ
˵Ҳûȥ߸ŵˣ¥ȥͦżӡ
ﲻҲñֳ
ƢôҶ֪ܳûѵǸССˣּ˵ӣﻹЩ³ġ
Ǹ󣬳
ԭֻǳҵļ磬ɾҲǽϲ֪Ǹĸף˻ǰߣ͸һЩ巢뺯
ЩȫȽϺʵŮ˶ӣԽ˺ܶ࣬˶ǳġ
¥ǱߣܸܵΧߣ⣬ȥͺãֻҵ̫࣬鰮Ե˸̸ҪǸЩ¡
ڶ¥ڼ￴¥вڣͼӿ˽Ų
ɻû߹ȥӶ¥󾪺ųͿһϤӰС̨ˤֱӾ͹                        


23

ԭһ¥ҵɳ, Ȼ뿪ˡ
֪ȥ, ԼȾƣ, ûٶ
Ŀ̫, ½һЩ, ﱾǽӴ˵ĵط, ǽҲ
һ, һƵƵǵߣֹ, ŮˣоǺֵ
Щ, ȥʱЩջĿ, ʲôûˡ
ƱľҲˣ뿪
ܱյ, ܻûд, ˾ƣûжҲǾƣ;еȡ
ǽڿյڵ¶ȣͨ͸ũ, Ծܱʽķеơ
¥иϱͨ͸첼ʱ򣬳һȦ֪͸͸
˶¥ǻѾˣռֲֻȥط
¶̨Ǳûˣ͹ȥ˴硣
¾еߣϾ죬ƺȡ
Ӷǹڳ飬ڵʱ򻹺ãҶȥʲôֻһˣ̲סȥ룬ҪҪ˵
ŷ磬һ¥Ƕ¥̸ֽЦûа취ľ
̫ѾɽĻԶ߿ʼ˸ǣϵ̻վǹµĳ硣
ҲǺ˾ƣҲյȣҪվ˺üľȻʼô겻ﶼס
˵鲻һֱȻ߿ˣҪѧԼȡһѡ
ڳûŮѻѣǵͿȥȡ
ţɻⲻЩţ¶̨ССĿռ˼
һԼҪȥҳ磬Ҫ˵ʲô
ֿʼ겻֪ôźá
ü鿴Щʹ࣬Ǿ˵ϲ
뵽Ҳʼ̣Լ̵ġ
׼ǵ΢΢ͷľ⣬ڹҪȥס
㣬ǱܾˣҲȡңʱҲͿ뿪ˡ
Ĵ㣬ͬͬŴ¶̨Ǳ߳ڷּʱ˹
Ҫȥ׵ֻʣҪȥ¥ݣΧ˵߶û⣬Ϊ̫ˣûа취ֳˡ
Ҫ̨׵ʱ䴦ȻһĪУȫûκηûס
ǱƣڵµǸ˲䣬泯µģͷֱӾײ̨ױشԼһɽţκûֱӾ͹ȥ
һĻĳͫ΢̴ǰȼԾ̨ףչ¼סӦֱ˱
ҽƻ̷˹ǰɳһԲʽǡ
ڳ籧϶¥ʱԲǷͷϷĸҩֹܿסͷ˿ڴѪ
˶ײˣղŵЩˣɶǶ޻С
ڿպ֪Լ˱˻ǰѪɫѪͷһֱס۾
סʱ򣬾ͿͷϿĳ˿ڣײ̨ױش
һ߿¥ҵţļܰŸߵһԲɳϵ̾óλá
ɳϺ󣬳翴ͷϵ˿ҩ¿ϣȴ˹ȥ

ӻģιȥҲܼˡ
üͷһļ¸ڲӣ˺ܶܶجΣȫ˲ݡ
Ǳ˺ܶܶǰӲ֪Ķһ鱻εֲٿأԺзҳ
岻ǱϷ֣Ȼ֣г磬Ŀġ
ѹֵȻ͵ۣڴجξһ㡣
ˡ
ߴһ˵ʲô˵Ļ
ֻϷĵƹ̵۾ܣʶȥ۾
ڸоô
һϤԱߴʶתͷȥ
ǳ硣
ǲʶһ
Ϊײͷ˲ѪɫڿҰײҰ׵ģִı鿴磬ҲΧ˿е㲻ԡ
Щجһ벻ˣͺûѹֺͺڰгǱȴ̽Ժֻһʱ벻ﶼдʲôݣֻǵг硣
ԼҪϥɳߵĳ΢΢üҪֹͱ͵˦ˡ
ͬܶޣһ˲䣬µ˼㣬ЩѣҲ֪̾˷Ӧ
ȥֽ
ɫҰ׵ĲϥͷϵѪûɾսսģȥ硣
Χ˶֪ô£ɿųԳɫҲû
ˤˣײͷ翴ջ˺ѹĪķ꣬ͲֲǷҪ
漴֣ӿڣˣҴطϢ
ǹ߳Ĵһ˻ǳһдСʶȫǾȣǰ˵߸˸ʵˣװĸʿһû뵽ǡ
ʵ쿴ˣݻѣؾشǳߣĶǰͷҲѱɢĸоͼ˺ܶ࣬ϻŵЦݣﶼһѡ
ɳûиκǰʾ־ȵĻᣬֱӾͰ˻УԼҲܿǱ
ڴ¥ʱϷȸ
һֺСƬ־·ϣȸΧ仯仯·ɫһģֺСᱻ֡
޸ȸĳֻҪȸ̽⵽˽ӽһ׵ľ룬ȸ̾ͻᱨȻҲֻĹܽյѶϢ
ݵ뿪󣬾ûԳղŲżû뵽ˤˡ
˵ȴһһţϵۺͶͷϵѪ״̬⣬ɫҲãЩͣų磬ʶˣڣȷˡ
Ϣӿ룬ʹͷ˿ҲֿۣʼǰһķڣҲ£ۿžҪԱߵȥԼ֪
ۼֿ죬ס
˭֪ôһȴͻȻˡ
ң
ۣһЩӶͷѪɳƵģڱغҪӿ֡
ҲûģɫԽԽ԰ף״̬Ҳ⣬ȴһѽ˱̫࣬ҪĻ
ڲ᲻ں
ֹΪײˣмҪѿĴʹ಻籧û߳ȥ˹ȥ
ԲǼֻΪιȥ󣬾ûе˳֪ʱû£ͱһ·¥

24

һֱ׹, ļ¸ٴϮ˿ȫжû, ʶһƬڰУ֪, ʲôõ鷢ˡ
ЩϤֺڰ, ˿˿ӿ, ޷ֹ, Լڰû, һεĴֽսƬڰУ
ԺĪֵЩٴθǰ, Ϊںڰ, Խǿ壬Խ뿴塣
ֽŶܶ, ԽżЩֶʲôдʲô, ֪Щõ顣
ÿ˳, ںڰУֻԼԼĿֻһˡ
ʼ£, ԼϥǣΧȫǺڰ¶ְֻԼĿ
ûãںڰ˱ס
ڿޣ˺һŷӦ
̽ţ֣סǸʲôˡ
֮ǰΪֻһû뵽ıסˡ
ʵůĻԸٷſ̫ˣԼһ˱ˣһڵǡ
òֹͣĿֿʼˣ޵ģſţ˯˹ȥɸ첲ɽǸˣֹֽŲõرţ֡
翴˯ˣٲؿۺѪڡ
ɿɳһֿʼüͷ壬ŻҪ޵ƣֻ
ղϴʱ򣬳װףֻʣһɫ£ǰѾѪȾ˺ܴһƬʪ
ҽƻˣϵͳ
ܻóе첲ռ䳤ϵ
Ϊ籧˲ڴϣǺֵģԳֻûˣ¶
Ȼ뿪ѾɾˣͷѾϵ˿ڻŵɫͻΧƤһˡ
ղΪųͱе겻ˬĳ磬ƽ
һ˵ˣײͷЩСƢҲǲԡ
ţɶȻųͶܣšüͷ֪ôˣˣҲֱӾ˦֡
ֻܵȶʣϵͳ˵ƣڰ֮Уƺ仯Ķ£ֽ˱ý˵㣬Ͱ
·ûҲϴˣ˾ôƱŤıһ˯ˡ
˯ȥ֮ƬڰУšȡ죬Ȼһ⣬ֺܿʧ

ڶ졣
ۣ۾ͣЩ
۾ǳſ˯ɿ̫ã̲סȥ룬۾жÿ
عϳ˳磬Ҳ
춼ûж
ʱֻ֪ʧأûжʶ£һ״̬ûеãٴαĻ֪Ҫôȥ塣
¶Գ˵ʵһ¡
Ҫ޳ڲӲˣֱ뿪ҲʡñЩ˽°ԡ
Լͳ˱һɫһ˲绹ûѣ뾡뿪
ŵɿ磬ȥŲĸ첲ֻ§׾
ղžͷﲻԼסǼͷӣӦǳķ䣬Ҳû˼˴Ь˽Ų뿪
űϣûзκȥĶӣŲҴ¥
ŵķۣڴϿţȻͲˬˡ

صɫ԰ףԡϴ˰
̧ͷԼ԰׵к׵۾˿ģѿˡ
ĴͷԺɻң˯һϺҪѿĸоʧֻ޷ţԼԺжЩ
Լǳ磬ԼǵЩ
ԡгڴߵʹԴôҲţ磬һ顣
ţ󱳾һ޷ȥ˼ˣ˽ʧ˻һ
ܾ֮ŻعһֱάƣЩˣҲᡣ
Щûܣ˹ԣڹһ֣Ժгֵģһû˵ˡ
ٶȺܿ죬ʱ򣬼ǲֵ㿪
ͫ˲Ժһģһ֮ǰû˵ˣ˵ʶ
촽ʧѪɫɫͲãڸǣͷð亹Ҳһ䡣
ѵٴ֣һ˵֣ͬͲʶģһνĵǹ塣
ɳȫǺϣֻһݼҲ޴Ļ̿Уô
һ֣һһԺгֵЩֻһӶ˻һδ˵ľƵ֣Ҳһһһ顣
󲿷ֶܶԵϡ
ڴߣΧȫĹÿһ϶һ˵ĹϣеĻƬЩΧ
ȻĴͷǺܾù˫档
ѹֵĵ޳

ƽڴϣ۾ףؿ컨塣
ԭֻһ飬ⱾˣΪǣҲΪжҪģֻһνġڻҡ
ֹˣһΪٻ󣬷Ѿ˵ĻСڻҡ
үүĿͷڳ˿㲻ģ˵ǣҲκθı䡣
д˵ĿͷԼĻصƶĿ˹ǣѾ˼ڵǹ壬
ɼ˵ǣҲ֣ǵСĻߵλá
ڻֻڻңǵŵģֻһС鷳
ڵǺ󣬱ǵĴо˾ˣҲǳ磬͵˱ȿ˹ǸƫԶϵֻһʴ˵ȫޣľֶûд
һССڻңȷʵֵȥϸд
ֱס۾ԽԽѹôϵԵʧȥţĽ֣ʾˡ
һУǴԲͼҪͳ鿪ʼġ
Ȼˣ뵽дĳ磬Ƣ粻òһݻ˭۸
дʱǸҵDһ죬Ǹ㱻˵
ֹһʴ˳ǰľкܶ޵Ĵ飬ŰԣЩǵӽչģ˵ͷȴû뵽ԷԼ˾ˡ
ҲĳԱãȥ۸ǵĲ磬ʲô֣֪ˡ
ٲ˼ˣеĶҪ׵ĳ嶯ˡ
Ӵ۾ţʼʰ·ؼˡ
˹ֻҪŬɻܻϱҪúûţҪٵ
¹·ţʮ·ֻʣµЩһζûд绹ʹЦЦʲôû˵
һֱŵǸĳ磬ԺǱüѵˡ
ǼˣȥĹ塣
¹񣬰ԼӼ·װУ˾£ûдκγĶ                        
лҪ˵QAQû֮ǰд̫ԲһֱŵĴˣضԲסˣ·һ

25

ʰ궫, 򿪹Բ鿴ؿ˹ǵǽࡣ
ȥǽۿҪСʱһȦ, һĸСʱƱھߵĻ, ȫԸϡ
Ʊ, ۾, ׵Щ, û˼ҽƻˡ
Ӵ, 䣬ȥϷ˵𣬱Ͼסô, ʹŵ˳ҵˣϷǳ, ȥ˵һ
뿪ʵЩĶӵζʵˡ
벻Щج, һ벻еĶɿֻһֱĵ, ʼʱ, һĺ£ԼҲ֪Ϊʲôô³硣
䣬ȥҳϷ˸, ɻûȥžͱˡ
˵ֶȻս
ү쵽ʱˣҪȼһ¡
ǹܼҵһ
ûκμĸоֻ뿪ǡ
򿪷ţǹܼҺҽƻˡ
ɫ۾Ϻܿɨһ飬ӻе˵ƲأֻЩԴԼӪ
˻˵ĻûᣬֻǿŹܼҿڣܼңȥϷˣҸûȥˡ
ܼҿ԰׵ɫͺ׵۾ﻹѪ˿˵״̬⣬촽ǰ׵ģѵƤԼȴûв˵һ㶼⡣
һŵ䣬ܼ̾˿ˤ¥ݵ飬֪ˣô棬һƤСˣ᲻Ҳ
ǣүҴȥϷˡ
¹ܼҲֻҪϷҲͬ⣬Ǿֻȥˡ
ϷʱѾסڶ¥磬¥˵ǳסĵط¥סš
ڶ¥濴Ϸˡ
ϷˣڳҴ̫ʱˡ˵ţǸӣ˭˶ᵣġ
͹ܼһϷҲΪΪˤ˼ȥǵؿ˵ԵָһЩ뿪
ʮּᶨ˵Ѿ˽Ʊ˵󣬿ϷһǣǿЦ£˵û¡
ϷƽʱǺܺ˵ģִھҪ뿪ҪǾôˣʲô֪˾ôĻȥôҲֻдܣΪǶãôҴææؼҡ
ǳϷҲżˣ̫⣬һ·ϳʲô¡
ţϷ˾͸ȥˣҵСҪ˻ûþ뿪ҪǽһʲôõˣпܻҪڰ·ϳ£ʱ˵ٶڵĻ
ܼҼϷ̬ȼҲȰ˺һȥҪģ塣
Ĭ˵ˣܼҺϷ˶һۣЩΣֻȰ
СȰʲôģûҪ˼Ҫ̫ˤ¡
ûǵ˼ЩãȻһ˼
ү죬һȥҪǽˣصҺ󣬼˿һᵣĵġ
ܼҳһ˵Ȼü˵仰Чԥ
ϷûֹܼңһҲãЩҡҲͿڣӦ˹ܼҵ仰˵ͻؼҡ
ɫ԰׵ŵͷЦųϷ˵ллЦѹ˼ҶЩܣ֪ôˡ
˼̫ˣϷ˲֪ڻʱľʼΪΪˤǼ³
ڳˤģôҲߡ
ֻεȷԼȥöͶġ
ҲѾӦϷˣܿϷ˶ĹģҪʲôܾ˵ĻҲϷ
͹ܼһ¥ߣԥţǿں͹ܼ˵Ҫ߳磬Ҫ뿪¡
Ȼûû˵ԭ򣬿Ŀ⣬ɫ԰׵ĲܼһҲϤһӦ

еĽǺ͵޷˼·ֻ֪ԼҪߣΪԺĪֵǱ飬ԼûȴԺЩˣֶδ֪Ŀ־塣
һ˴ڷ䣬͵ڴϣҡ
ÿЩһָо˵дãֻǸ籾ֻһ۵ڻҡ
δ֪֮£˿ûзأֻʱԼߵ·Ľ֣кܴĸ
вԺУҾþòɢ
֪ԼΪʲôŻѡڵǣȥȥˡ
Ϊ˸
ţЩԹԼΪʲôҪ̰ͼЩ
ģ֪Լ綼ʼˣյú˼룬ôһ˲䣬ǰ˳硣
˵ſֱֱȫͬ
ŵü֪Ҫֻţ룬ܣҪˣҪˣǲǾͲˡ
ʶ˺ڰУֱʱ
ûг磬ڴϣ˯֮ˣûг
̶ʱ䣬ȴö꣬ûʱ㡣
һֱڷҲûгȥԣҪ˵ȥˡ
ǡǽҽƻ˽Դɣ㲻ȥ
᲻ڳʧϷҲãѾ˲ˣͲȥ硣
³ǰʿģ£³Ļ
ÿķɹܼͽӶˣҽƻΪгӪʳףŵȥÿ컹Ҫһҩָĸ졣
ȷʵָ˲٣ˣͷҲˣΪ̫࣬˼ǹأɫɲ԰ס
ڣ˸뿪ʱ֮ǰʰ伸ûŪңһֱڵ뿪
һϣ緹ûгԣĵˣԭܼҸǽƱ˾ȲˣԼϵǽƱ
ܿʰԼ컹û¥
ʱиͷӶЩһ廨˷
廨Ϸ֮ǰģ֮ǰһĻ͸ϷˣΨһġ
һξ룬һλţΪ˷ֹвԱҪһʱ򣬺ƽҲʹ
ʶȻ֪Ϊʲôô뿪δµ̽Ǽ⵽ûκοƷûƱɵȨͷ뿪ˡ
첽ߵվ̨̧ͷ賿ڰգɿˣһ
ˣ﹫վ̨Ĺгһĵʮ߷֣ʱ䣬Ҳ쵽ˡ
ڿʻʱȻͽͷһ۹ķ򣬳Ǽƹ⣬û
ۡڰĳ˯̫ˣֻ׼͵ĳ½
˳ڶ˲࣬ڳֻһˡ
֮ŲЩ䣬̫ˣ¶еͣûף첲Ǳġ
һ·˳̫ɫ˸ۿڴ
ϣǵĸۿɺܴŶˢ˹ԡ
һǽӰʱ򣬣ܹһ
ǰȥֻҪȥԼλϾͺãٹ.ŷӣǽͻɣ֮ص˹ǡ
ɻûӰ壬ʹһŭɶĺ

ȻͷԶǸϤˣǸıеޱİҲޱȺ¡
ŭ𣬳翴ͷȴ۾ţҲûκԥ̾ǽܡ
ĳ練ƽɫģܵ΢΢Ц漴ֳۺ˪ʶôˣǳûԡ                        


26

ǽӰ, ɫҰףԶĳ˹, ûƱѲԱסˡ
˾, ͷһ, 类ס, ûе, ̾ǽߡ
ץǽ, ֻҪٵ߰˷ӣŶӵǽͻɡ
˾ŵ, Ѿߵǽ棬Ų, Ҫͣͻס·
ɫҰײҰ׵ģ˫, еǰţ䡣
ֱǽԱЦҪʲôԼҪλ, ֻҪǽɾͺˡ
г˿Ҫǰߣվͨش, ˼·
ǽ棬类סҲоԱ߸
ûзϻǽ, ղͷʱǸ˲䣬Ϊ룬ԼĻͲ
ס߽ǽһľʧ룬·ʲôһ㣬֮
ûٺ䣬׼ǰߣͱĻסˡ
棬
˵ĵӻеû˵һεľ棬ͱֱӴˡ
ٶȱȻ˵ԶƷӦҪ죬ֱ˻ǹ֧ڻǰǹʱ̶㿪֧
ľ˸ϵˣǽûκͣǽܿҪɡ
˻˵.ǹϹǶĿռťȡһǹ顱һֱӿǹڻ˶ͷм䡣
ǸһУؿڴ.ּ֧Ļ̾ʧȥ˶ϵͳ۾ʧȥ˹ͷҲ¡
ԭֻΪ£ʱͷֵǹ죬Ⱥ̾ͳɧң˾ţӰϵ˰Ⱦǽܣ±ǹս
Щˣ練һǹֻһˣͷˡ
ЩԱֳ.ǹɰڳȫ޹ˣûа취ǹ
ѾΧ

˵ĵӻе𣬲ֹһǽ涼ľ
A13679ڴﾯĸӳˡ
򿪹Բ˸ţԷ̽ͨ˵͹ˣЩ˲ҿǹתͳǽӰȥ
̵Ĵ绰Щͻ˼תߣѾ׼米Ӱľָ΢Ҫһǹ
ɳܿԽֻŵƽ񣬳ƣܵû죬ͽǽС
󱳱˵סӰֶƽΪǹ춼ܽţܶʧȥ˳ǹĻᡣ
һ̣оͻ˶յ˾ǳڣԭش
ǽҲǹ죬ҵλ仹ûźã֪ʲô
ɻûʲôǽڴ˳硣
ӸߣҲۣڻһĿǽڲѲӣܿҵ
촽ˣʶˣͨߵ˲СײһºŻعǽӣ֪Ҫصȥ
ϧͿˣڿ˵ʱ򣬳ЦЦⲻ۵ףġ
Сǽ棬޿ӣǽǽڣΧ˵ĿѾ˲ˡ
һ߽ĳ磬֮ǰıͬڿûеط֮󣬳¶ЦӲ
֮ǰЦݶͬ̾˳˼ûеطˡ
󱳵ǽڣųߵǰվ
ûκηϻǽ˶ǽѾʼӾͻɣֱקǿߡ
û취ѳ󣬶ĳеʮİǱһˣҲӽǸ硣
ûлͷֻߣȥΪȺ¿ֻţɫ׵ò
ſҡ
ûκãڲ
һǽԱǰȰ˼䣬ɳɨһۣû˵κλ
Աȥ绰Ҫǽ¡
Ļػֻù˵绰ͬؿſȴ˿öûеĿ͸Ų̣ǸԱ³ӦһͷСĹ塣
ܿ죬ͱ˳ȥǽֻʣˡ
ֱ߬ţҵش򿪹ԣҪ
ɳ翴͹ϻûȥı绰Ŀ䣬һֱӰѹԴȡ
ϣ˿ա
ңұˡ
ְΣСһ˶ӺŰԷϣԼ
Ǹ˱ܿ۾ղųʱ˳绰ͳˣ֪пûа취ˣԼԥΣڳ翴ǸĿ⻹ܿߡ
ϽʵĴָѣھ֪Լûа취ˡ
翴һۣߡ
·ԼλʱҪȥλԱߵ䣬ɳûиᡣ
䡣
ɤӶǶģɫ԰ףۿˣɳû
ߵſڵʱĳݺһǽš
ڿޣȻûз绹Ƿˡ
ģ
ֵģִ³קȥһľ䡣
ڳǰȫûзأô˸ۿڣۿͣƺ
򿪺󣬳ٲǰᣬǿԵİ˸ϣ䣬ֶ˷棬ˡһ
ڸϣûйԼЬӻ᲻ŪΡ
ŷһ࣬һҪܿơ
ô䣬һ㶼ӣĸˣҷΪĳ磬Ⱥ¡
ҪޣһֱѹԼſžʹãǿ޵ãҲġ
һ뿪ˣ뵽󣬰֪ôĿ־Ϯ߿ޱ߿硣
ĳһߣǰͷ¶౥ĶͷüͷâҲزס
û뵽ղȵ£ѹסĻ
̧ͷʱ˫Ư۾ﺬˮ⣬۽ݻڲˣȴҲ
΢ô
ʵ֪Ϊʲôı󣬺ȻͷһĪȻֱĵס
ɪţǱߵĲϿȥҪԶ硣
һֱ֪ͽ͵Ķζʲôʼնڶ
ִ籩꼫ˣһֱڿޣڸۿߣЩʲôҲûǸᡣ
ʲôޣ
籩ؿڣͷ
ͻȻǳ⣬ŵɪһ£ֲ˲ϵᣬȴôɾԽԽס
С󣬳˸ĸȥʱûп޵ôҹ
ѹ֣ŵòͣȥᣬŬֳޣȴûа취ƣڿ
ڼʻλϣץץͷ
ССĴģСĪŹζֻѹ˻
Ҳ˵㣬ˡ
ͳڼԼҪ
˺һŴС˵ˡ
˵ܼˣһֱΪЩ໰Ǿմϱߵģɳղ˳
ίĲУڿ˵ȴ䡣
Ǹί񣬳͵Ц֪˵Ǿģղǽûס˴ֿڡ
û˵㣬һϰ
ʶģ˵ŻԴû뵽ȴܿˡ
ɫĬĬ£ҷˡ
һʱ㣬ֻĿйɵͣǳ
ջ֣羡ԼҪȥٸúˡ
գΪ̫һӾʹ˳ȥںŷбͿʼֱײ˷ϣַ顱ֹһײ
ͷһۣ䱾;ˣҵײ
߿ޱ߶Գ˵䡣
٣
˵󣬿ھ໰ͷȻ˺Ů˶鷳ġ
ɳ绹ͣ˷ڿС
ӼʻλվƿΣߵŵϣû뵽䱻ˣɢһص
翴ŵϵ̧ͷһ˳ĬУ䱻ײ˵飬ȻЩ顣                        

27

Լıײ, ұСŵĴү֪Ϊʲô, ־Сơ
һᣬڸղųòֹסۿת, ûиܹ޴
ͳ֮, ̫, ʲôû, ֹƾ, ԼĶ͵Ƕ룬Ǵġ
뵽ԼԺˣǲôŬ, ƶƾɵģѾò˵һ, Ժע
Ѿƽһִα, ų䡣
޵ң۾Ҫᶼȥɻǲôɹ, ΢һգ۾
ɫ԰׵ɳ翴Ǹƽı, ȴͻȻ֪ô״̬ܲá
üͷһ𣬳ӵһɻڵ, ѹסˡ
Ūһ䣬ڸ
緳꼫ˣҪ޻ãӣ޴֣֪ôˡ
ﲻ࣬Աߣȥؼ
ЩᱡġȻ뵽ǲǸûڵǴãȻҲֻġ
ûȳΪϾͼһС·ó֮ǰкúõһֻΪղŴɢŲˡ
˳ϴøɸɾЦ⣬Ѽ·µһ𣬴û·ĳүЩСģܲ
ҵĶ
߻еųĶƶƽЩ죬ʧȥһϣ
ɵּһ£̾ͱˣô
˵žվһƿΣԼ֪ôƶǸصεģǰ첽˹
ľվҪףǸҪĽԣվ˵ûж׳ʵǰѹԣܽƫݵ˵ס
־Ҫȥɳ̧߸첲͹ˡ
ԭͿ޺ۿһ۾ˡ
ôֹҲ
ųóֲˬԣ᲻ԾٶԷ
˵󣬳׼Ĵ΢Ҳ
ûֳı仯עȫ·ϣڳ缴׹ʱ̾ͱܿˡ
ˣȴ¸첲ǼС·һֱס
һֿԼǰüƺһɨ⣬鿴ЩƦƦġ
ң
֪ԼȲϳ磬ŵֿ˳Ҳľ֡
žһ죬Լˡ
ɫɪһ£ȴ޶Ҵޣô̧ͷӣӿۡ
޵ôԼǳģֻðѻѹ˳ɿ
޵һһվȥ·ҪֲҪ
ˡ
类޵ķѣôô࣬ɻ˵ں󣬼ԽԽˣץץͷ
һ䣬ҴȥµģһͶ򼸸
ȫǲͷȻһģܱȸղǸӺãɳ绹Ƿꡣ
㡣Ѵӵϼ·
ӹȥӣ漴ֱǰƵ˸ϣЩ³
δε˻·ϣԴ֪ĳȫһǶαװᡣ
ҲڳһֱЦƭתȴʲôֻ֪Ǹʿ
Ȼ˽ʶЩˣЩֵĿ⣬н˵ЩֵĻǲǶ֪Ŀֻ֪ڹֿЦ
ȥ룬绹ЩôģȷǶԼЦڿ
ĶԳˣǳǲǻᵱЦЦ˵ΣЩʵΣҪһס
ʼ䣬޳
˶֪Ǹʲôˣ֪ɵΪϲûֻ棬˵ѣֻԼ档
粻αװȫͬĴ³꣬òȥ룬ԼݵλͳĲ֮󣬾ԽԽġ
ؼʻλϵĳ޳ĵ˼㣬֪ôͻȻˡ
ԼղŰƻλȷʵЩ³ˣˣһôôࡣ
Ȼһ̣ﱧԹٶĳ绹Ƿŵ̬ڣҴ˻УˣҴȥٶС
˵ʶԼС͵̬ʵǣûӣɻô˳ڵ˵˳ջҲû취ˡ
ûκηӦû˵Ļ˿ûá
˳ȥٶȼ죬Ҳźˣײײȥġ
ȵ̳֮󣬳ֱӰѷͣ˶¥ȥ䣬·ޣѾֹסˣûиղ·ôġ
Ըȥɫ԰ף۾ֺףҪȥʶˣҲ֪ô룬üͷ壬˹
˰ͻظҪж١
ô˵ţͼοΪղŪ䣬ְ˸ǿޣô⳥һ¡
ǸȷʵӦûˣţûҶ˵⻰ˡ
ȥ·õ㣬ĳҭֹסҲ˳
綼ûӦ˻Ůˣͷĺǳ⣬ҪǶԷٲͣͻֱˣκκһͷɵһ֮ͷðûð
ͣ¥ǰĻ԰ѹһƬݲݣӶ˶һĻϰߡ
·ǿ˹ȥ·ٲ࣬ڻﻹǲ㣬·ϵʱ֪ͨ꣬׼˺Ǳߺܹܿ
һֱ·ϲĲˬٶ࣬ҲֻʣΣֻһֽ
һϣͷˣʲôû˵׷˳ȥڶûͣ·ҲûԹ
ķһ¥һһֱ·ȥ׼·Ķһ٣֮ǰ仹ӻˣͿ޳ҪһΡ
ʱ뵽һ㣬Ͱ·ΪĵطŵϣȻȥˡ
ڶŵˣϷѾԹֱӴȥ˲ֻ
һ·ûзԼƽʱĵطͷһ仰û˵
Ȼи׼ˣ֮󣬺ܿ߶
ǰһŨ֭ζ磬ޱȣһС׷ͻشõȲˣȫʵʳģӪҲḻΪˣ⼸ĻʳǲӪġ
֪Եжǳ翴ʳ׺Ͳϣ֮˼ϲĲˣҽƻ˶֪Ϊٻ˵Լϲʲô
Էĳ緢ˣϲʲôͳԵú٣ϸʵǺԵģֻҪ΢ľͻ֣ᷢԳʶͼˡ
Է
ﲻͷҲ̫üˣһϣƢԷǷˡ
΢΢̧ߵǸɪһ£ǲϰͷƢĳ硣
һʼնûжӣ翿αϣߣһͷüٴθ֡
Ҳûĵĳֱùǰ룬žһˤ˵ϣ˵ϣ˶ҳ
ԭЩĲȻ
гӳﶼȥÿˣҪԲȥȫʰˣ
˵ţαϵĳͽſӣž˳һЩ
̧ͷĿǻȻŵؿ磬ɳȴЦˣЦţҲһ㶼ᣬġ
ԷҲУ㲻ԣ˶ԡ
ûԵĳûκԣɶûа취ٷƢҪٿޣᱻ
˶ŲҴܣһĽĬһֳ֮粻ڿЦ˿ӡ
ҳԡ
űۿˮڴתסˣʢ׷
вˡ
翪ںֹԹȥв˳ԣΪôã³ٷƢſӵЩȡ
ڳԶɳ粻֪Ϊʲôӷˡ                        

28

еʳ, 翿αϣһֱ, Ӷˡ
ĳ缴ǽ⿪ſӣҲֻ˳, ڻûӡ
, ϸʡ
ûס, ˵ߴӶͳ, һ֧, װˣһûԱ߾͹ݸ
粻ϲ˸̵˶֪, ֻǰѴ
ڳʾ£ЩҪĳӳԲ, ߰һñȽ϶һ, 껹һ롣
е̲ζԶĶһ£ճ˵, Ѿʼϸʡ
ûм̣ջǴü, سԷ緢Ƣ
һֱ۲ĳ翴ͣٵĶûк˵Էһָһ, һʱò֪Ǻã侲侲
û鼸ڵָ̱˻ϵͳ΢ת𣬺ܿζûˡ
ҲʼԷЩġ
ˤ˶ΪԼСĴ¥ˤȥģҿǸ͵ı飬ͻȻԳ־֣ںܶˤе㲻ˡ
ĵͷĻҲ
ˤˣûΣգȽϸͬĵ˶ˣⲻ˻ģĿǳˣڿǸǱѿˤȥȥ֮۱ôﻹЩֻġ
統ʱûй˵ȥˣڶ죬뿪֮Ӧٿʱĳ
ЩС򣬿»ǱȽϽģʲô飬Ҳ·ʱġ
ô˵һƽյĶܺãƽˤӣ¥ݣκһ¥ݵʱ򶼻עⲻҪˤ˵屾ܡ
ֱȽϽԳʶΪûпʱ˶˵ʲô۸ˡ
ʵǸ˶˵ʲôȻ⼸쳣ٶû
úõģͿʼų⣬ôҲ벻ͨˤһӾͱ
ǿĵ˶ͷѾˣû𵴻˼ˣģһ֪
¥ļص˳ֵľͷ˺ͼƴЦ΢ͷк⣬ûкκйһӵĽ̸
üŹеӻſ߽¶̨¶̨ûмأֻУǡǶ¶̨ģҲܿ塣
¶̨һվźȾƣⲽ˼ͷŴ˻棬ŵ½ǣ֪Щʲô¶̨˳
¥Ҳڣûкκһ˵¥ߡ
ȣֻڿ쵽¥ݵʱЩżߵÿһ㡣
żصĳ粢֪ʱԼҪȥףͽΧкܶƯʵŮˡ
ĪģͲ³ܻв˶ǳųģҵ磬һһ˱ô졣
ĵǣͼӿ˽Ų
翴Żһδ¥ˤȥüͷ壬ˤȥһ˲䣬ʵ¥ݻһСľ룬²ûвȿգƽˤˡ
һηŴ˽棬翴ˤһ˲Ļ棬ͻȻµϥǰ㣬ؿ˵ϣž͹ȥĵԴ
汻Ŵ󣬳ؿһöССĵ䴦Բɺ顣
ٴλطţ翴һС⣬ˤ֮ţԱ˶һۣΧΪˤעϣûп
翴󣬾ʹҴ뿪˹
Ȼʶˣ뿪ˣֻҪ¼֪һҵˡ
ϱ˯ʱ˹Թóã֮ǰųֻΪˤ֮еܣСƢҲ̣Ƶڶͺˡ
˭֪󣬾Ϳʼų磬ȥ˵Ҫ뿪Էʱ֪ˣֻǰˣҪȥ̼֪Ҫʲô¡
ܼһֱؿƿֻܲ˳Ϸ˺ͳ֮ĶԻ
ϷǳضԳ˵Ҫ뿪º󣬹ܼҾ㣬ѳ磬ʱҪȥΪĿ־壬֪үʲôô¡
Ϸóôڳһʱٻȥ統ʱͱֱӷµҪȥܼҺܿȰס
ôܼڹô꣬ǿģ֪ܼ˵еȷʵЩ⣬͸ӡ
ڳ극󣬳绹ûסţһֱûеȵκλش
뵽֮ǰôѪ岻ֱӴţû뵽ĳ£ѾպͿˡ
ųڷˣҲ֪շյʱҪˣһľ֣һֱ統ʱɫ
ˣ̾ӿ˻ɿյͨ죬ֻҽƻ˸ҩ
̵ĶͷײͷҪȥ˷ǵɵɡ
Ǵ뿪ʱú˵˵ǸֻҪ̬ºһЩ˽⣬һġ
ǳû뵽컹ûˣ˭û˵һг                        


29

ĳڹ˼Ȧ, 컹ûдм˸, Ĵǰͣ¡
һ󣬳绹Ǿ, 춼ûм, Ǿô
ûӦ, ҲǺڵġ
ƽʱñȽ, һʱ»û, ɵƻܲʱʱ˵ơ
¶Щ, ΪոܲɢЩ
᲻ǻûѣ, ûȥĴŵ˵
Ҳһµ, ڽӹӶĲ̣׼Լȥ͵ĳ˼źʼûеȵش𣬾ֱӿŽȥ, ˡ
̾ʹ˼أĵ, 뿪˹統ʱһȭǽϡ
Ȩޣ鵽һ˺࣬̾͸˹ȥ, ˸ץˡ
˵һͿԻؼˣɶԳ˵һ㡱ͬôãΪһˡ

극ֺûж˺³磬Ҳ֪Ҫʲôʱ˻ؿ˹ǵǽ
ˣͷ¿ӣеĶԸɾˣƽʱʳ˵ЩƾͱˣԳ粻˵ʲô
ĬְһԲ΢΢ͷҲûȥ硣
ĽëԾס½ǣеĶ۵ף֪ڲ
ɼǳ磬Ҳ벻ͨΪʲôͻȻͺ֮ǰһȥıҵûκ쳣ı֡
ָ΢緳֧̣һ󣬻Ƿ֡
λǰŵģ֮ǰһֱԷҲǡ
еķ궼ѹȥӣôˡ
ôͻȻߣ
û˸ղŵı꣬ڼԼ
Ĭܲˬ֮ǰ˺ˣǰЦ˵Цô𣬹ԵòͻȻ絽ǲĵġ
۽ݲԺǱֱ
ǲϿģͳ飬Ҳûκ壬ؼҡ
ؼҺҲԱ淢Щ飬ҲԱ⣬ȥƫԶϵĽ֡
һȥòá
һ뵽ԼǸֹ֣סѹС硣
𰸵ĳɫ˧һּ߹Եĳ֮࣬ű¡
Ƽˣ˵漸
ͻȻ˴һת˹
ȥ˵ɡ
Ѿʼͷˣһ뿪ı֣缴̶û취̣ϵƽӡ
üһԵ߽Ǹͺش⣬ܳһ񰵳ġ
ţ̲סҪˣûа취ֱӱһְڼϣѹϡ
ûκΰ취ų磬֮ǰΪԼԳ˽ˣϲ˶Էɽĳ磬ı飬̫İǰĳ磬ӲЦ
۽΢ץʱ޵̫࣬ɫ԰۾ףЩɬٿˣûκãûзŹ
˵۾ܿߣ簴ϵס°ͣʹ̧ͷ
ϵЩأʹı󣬳绹Ƿ
ϸĴкܺãƤ򢣬Ĵָ̲סĦ¡
ûзٶФѾõİգ֪óȻֻҪûܾͺá
˵˵ôģͻȻߣԡ
ǰѵͳöɤǸִЩɳƣ͸һ˵Ըں
·ϵʱ޵̫ڻǸ޹֮ģĿţȻЩۡ
ɳȥİôģ˵ţ߾Ƶ촽ϡ
̫ˣԸܵǳǳĺֻҪ΢΢Ϳ׵
һ°ͣۿžҪȥͼ۾ˣ񾪻ţܿ˳硣
ǣ׵ϣġ
翡¶Цת˲ţû׵죬Ҳ˸ССϢ
̧֣סԼͣԳڶ飬ųⲻѣ˵ʲôػֵֻؿ
Ǹֵ󣬳ղŵĺһɨ⣬͵¶һС󣬱ƤϺȻԵĺۡ
ǳǽǿаȥʱõ̫
ʱۣҲûκ˼ȥܣֻѳĽ
ſ°͵֣üͷ΢壬һ䣬۶Щˣû˵
˺һֱ鲻͡
̶̰ϣķƱñκʱҪƵÿһú˵ȴƫƫֲİôҪٿһΡ
Ȼ֮ǰĳʱ̣翴ſа𣬺޲Щʲô޵Щصɲڲ
ĺ£벻ͨʱɴûвͷڣٷҲתߣһ
˵˽ϴʱƢЩƽʱû˵οѵ⡣
ץץͷʣĬԸ񣬲ʵĻԼ˵
͸˵˵ôͻȻҪߡ
翴ϵͰ͵ģ̲סԴٴ˵ԣǲˣ˵Ҷġ
Լû뵽Ļһ˵ô˳ڣ붼ľ˵˳̬ڵˡ
ʶĳһ˲ĽӲ̧ɨΨһȺԸߵͷһʲôûпҲûӡ
Ĺϣһ㲻жٰΪƢãû˸Ҵùͷ
Գ緢ֻһ󣬺ôģͲи˵Ļ
ü۵û뵽Դ󣬻ô˵
ʶģ̧ȥվǰĳ磬͵ڸղųɿ°ͺͷˡ
ûٷƢףһĵؿղŵһ˵Եʱû
Դ̬ȸ˵͸һǵζ
ʵкܶʳģǲкܶˣǲһһֱƭԼ
΢΢죬ջʲôû˵ֻҡҡͷ˵ûС
˼ǳû
شĳ統Ȼ˵ʲôüͷ壬Ӳˡ
Ҫߣ۸ˣ
벻ʲôɣ˵۸ȷʵˤűˡ
ֲ˵ˣͿڣΪˤ˵飿
ͷ˿Ѿϣܹ˵ĵطǸΡ
Ǹûߣ㱻۸ѾҵˣͷҪ˰Ǵ
˱ͽοˤ˵˲;ΪƢҪȥ
˵ûˣȻڽ֮ǰ˸ˤ¥ݡ
ԽԽԼǰ˼İʩѹ̫ˣֻȰο
۾ƺЩš
ˤ֮ǰȻоʲôԼ䴦֮Ҳûһֻ뿪û뵽ˤ˹                        
лҪ˵Ԥġ˴֮󡷵ȡ֮ǰõⱾǲǶùֵֹİڸȤղһ£а~
ǸСĿṈ̀
Ϊ鱨˳ķ䣬ȥģ͵ֺˡ
ν氮ֻΪȡ鱨뵱ԭء
ϵĺۼ֣еĲ¶ǰ氮̣Ц档

º󣬴ŶӵȻڽƼ˳ģԭӦһϵˡ
뱻סҼˡ
ĶĶӣһֱڳĬ
£˹Сګګؽͣ߳ġ
ӼʹԻ֮Ҳûͨиз
ĺӱͣһֻẹ̈ɻͬʱҲ˿
Ϊԭǡ
һŵԤġʦ֣¡
ոһںɽֱСɾ
ֻСɾⱻ˺ס
ʦ֡
Ůлվǰһ۽ӡ
ʦֿɷһͬǰȥ
ѾʮлЩžɫ¹Ů޶Ҫˡ
ڲٵжʹϧôСʦƫƫ誡
лСĵӣж룬ϣٲԸϺȵģޱֻõͷӦ£˽ȥˡ
ԭΪֻǴŶԷͺãû뵽ȴǸ鷳ƢͲõɫˣڶԷ˽Ȼʱ
ʦ֣¡
ľɫѰ˶ҪΪ֮ߵлƫƫѡ誡
ûõĶվȥ
̣лʱ򣬷ӵ誻ûס
誻ţһ·ְʦܣûжԷ
ΪȥܺͶԷ׷ֵҲ
˭֪лǸǰƣεغʦ֡
ɾôˣںһУںڰｫһƷ˴ϡ
ѹԵĳ誾ǸСʦ֪ܲʲôʱѾˡ
ʦ֣¡
誹߳ĻɶϵߴŴԺ͵ƣͬĽϸȫȻͬ


30

翴ȵı, һԼˤǱ˺ö֪
򿪹ʱɳתһ, Ϊ¶Ҫ뿪ҪһԼˤƵ, ֪Ҫֳʲô, Ъ˼, ֻڶһ¡
һöС, Բšͣһ, û˵
ˤĻ⣬˳һ£˵С, һЩСкϲ˴ɨ¥ʱҵö顣
Ǹ鱻Сз, ȻСҺñȲ, Ȼֹˤһô򵥣ȹƶס
ҲΪԷֻСߣԳûд󶯸ɸ, ֻг˵ļʩѹǵͲ, ⼸Ǹ嶼ù
ԭƻʱͿβˣʱ˳͸¶һôǸԭ򣬲ó, Ǽ˶ʰˡ
еСҵԷˡ
ˣٲǸҲŴ˻ŮˣԾûҪ¡
ڣȴô׷Źǡ
Ҫ˺ˤҲĵҪ뿪ο֮ǰͲʶǣİ˶۸üͷ壬ֺܿ
֮ǰˣԼ֣ɽ죬Ҫˣֵļʱ˶ǽˡ
˲ֹն񶾣϶ʶôһײͷѪԽԽòܷŹ
Ҿ˰ǴôУڡ
⿪˵۾;Լ˵Щȫϡ
׳˼
ɱ飬СʱǸ̫ϲͬ
۸ŪıʻһλãɴˣССҲˡ
һȥѧУ磬ͬûͰīˮͿĵϡ
īˮģװƿûɫŪҲɲӻ߲ϣһСߡ
Ǹ۸ͬȥ¿εʱͬ۸վȥıʡ
̫СˣӤʵСָûжԷίͰ͵ı˱ʣͬŪǦʱʼ⣬ͷֵ
ͬվƨôһī֭ͳں˵ȫ඼ôЦ
ֿͬӺī֭Ϊ̫С׽ŪˣòڰȫûˣֱӾͿ˳
ͬޣﻹһΡ
Ȼǲ̫ˣɼһ֮Ǹͬû۸
Ψһ˵飬ڣ᲻κȤ
ҡҡͷڣˣؼңߣˡ
˵Щʣקק䣬Ŀȫ
ڵǣ󱻳ߣдǱ˶ãȥƫԶϵǳ磬Խܣ֮ǰôá
Ҳ׹û˵ϲĻֻԼһԸΪǣóϲ
ȻôΪҲǳ޵òġ
ϣô̧ͷͰ͵ؿų磬ȫǰҪ뿪ͷ̫УóòƽȻʹܳ
ÿק֣ɫ
ı飬Щ£ΪԼȡȥĻᡣ
磬ߣòá
䣬ͱֱӴ
ʲôû˵˾߳˲󲽳Ǳȥ
˴ϣӸ¿ŵڴתǸʵģһ߳䡣
߱ߴ򿪹ԣȥϷź󣬾ͰǷŻǴֻҪû˭ܽȥȻҲ
ҳȥ硣
ڷţղڳ߳ʱʶãϽӴûüȥ
ôתŰ֣Ŷ򲻿ţͼע⣬ܺķŹԼ
磬ҳȥòá
ô磬˶ûлӦģͺѾ뿪
ۣȥ۾ôֹס
޴뼫ˣӴֱһֱȫˮ
ߵߣִҲ򲻿
ϸָʹŴ϶ͼ򿪣ָ˰ףеǴ򲻿ָǶĺۼ
䶼ˣʶһ㣬ת廬䣬ڴ£޵ơ
л涼չǰĹϣڴӵ¿޵ûģü
ղ뿪ʱ򣬳ӳȥһ׼طȫλ࿴Ķ
ǽϣͳؿŹ
Ī뿪Ҳʲôɶ˵óʵԿƱ֮ǰúõġ
үˡ
ܼҴӴǱضԳ˵ڹϿޣҿί
ȷڿȥ
³ɫ˵˾䣬ܲͷܼҵ˻ش뿪
µ̵һһȴԽԽ
ղų̵ʱ͹ˣֵӻеȰҪڹ̡
û˵꣬ͱֱʹһȨָվ˽
ʮ̵ŷˣϥСûз
ôʱ䣬翴ŶָۣûỊ̇ŵʱҲ˽
ȥ󣬼˰ճʱƺõĳ򣬻еִӺó̵ٺ̻Ҷ˽ȥ˲͸ɾˡ
ȥ˳ֹغţ˵̧ͷȥɫ԰ף۾ҲǺ׵ģӣڵϡ
Ӵͷϳֽߵǰ۾ĿӣΣǵϥأǰְ˲ϵᡣ
ͬҲ˳ְ˲һˮģеĲ¶ڳǰ
Ѿûٿ޵ֻðϥϣͳ˵
ͷЩңССһţģֽ
ŭ⻹ʲôûУ͸Ҹ˦ɫ
־ץֻЬڵϣֱӵ˴ȥ
ӻЩ£ı̾ͷ˸ӴǱȥķڴˣֻҪܳȥͺá
ʧ˴ߣͱŽ׸˻ȥϱ˲Ҳ
ıŵˣ޶ˣֻ۾ҵؿų硣
һ̽翴˫޺˵۾ֱס
Ҫ˵뿪ɣҽͲ㣬Ҫ˵ҵġ
ѹϣϢȫǴµĵ㡣
Ͱȴְϵֵ㣬Գ˵ҵҩ
ı仯˲ͲҶˣҲҿޣת                        

31

縩, ĴкԽ, ˵ġ
ſڣ˵˵
綯һ, ȴںݺһں̧ͷ
ȫ, ȱֿ, 첲Ҳѹ, ôԵѹ, û˼
ȷſҡ
òƽʵؿ磬ų̽, ³ʲôֱѹڴ, ᶼûа취
ɿѹ첲֣, ְֱ˲ᡣ
ŲţµƤܺãϸ, Ȼմˮɳ绹ǵͷ, ɿ촽һڣܾˡ
ͻȻϮȻǵһˣίĲ
ϲ, 쵽ڣȴһֱֶŵģһҲʿ
֡
ģӣίŲ֣ɸͲܺѹϵ˿⡣
໹еۣѹˡ
˵粻ֹ׵ˣҲԸ˵ôЩ
˵ֺôãϴΰʱһڣûйǲʵģҲǰ¶ˡ
ûʲô˼ɵĳͲ̫άǸνľģ
ȷʵȽкøУ翴óôãʿ˵ˣԲϣɴ໹ǲˡ
ͷĳүû˹˼ɣҽȲˬֻЩϢҲһµֺúŬ
Ҷͱˡ
ģóɳƣҲ
ŵ̾ͲҶˣɿץų֡
˵Ϊʲôߡ
ôСû֪ôˡ
Ľֶ˵ѹ˼㣬ƫƫǳ뿪
ɾôĵ飬òţѹֱڻ̣ЩδɾôԺ
һźۿ΢΢ſڣ˵һ飬ǲģ绹ˣˡ
ûзκûа취˵ʵֵ۾һ黹Ҫÿֲ޷˵
ðһ亹ֱ·գϡ
ӣò׻ָһɫòҰײҰף緢Ĳԡ
ôˣǲ˵
ü΢˵ʲôӣʮɻ
ĻҡͷĿ⾪֣еҪ߳磬ûа취˵֪ôźá
硣
ſǻ޴뵽㣬ڸղŵһ˲䣬ΪҪʧȥ˵ˡ
翴ʵüҲȫǲ⣬ܺ£ʶͿڣţڡ
㲻Ҫú˵˵ţпΪ̫ˣ֯ԡ
ֺ̿µı飬óüͷ
һ飬ʮֻˣ鶼˵ڣȵĺ֮Լǲ²˵
硣
ٴ̽ſڣ׵۾ȷԼܲܿ˵
ţš
۾֣ࡣ
ؼҡ
Ͱ͵ģЩ˵
ɫˣʲô˵һֱظ仰
㻹ġ
翴ɫ
ۿųҪֻҡͷϣһ²ſڣѹ΢΢۽ݣҲȥ硣
ûκô㣬㲻ϲңԲԡ
磬֪ģǲܽ飬ԲЩܣؼˡ
󣬻˵ЩʵӦ׵ģͳ֮䣬̫ԶˣЩФġ
ɫ䣬˵ϲн飬ȷʵûеĲˬ޷ɢ
ò׹Щ˵꣬룬˸ղ˵Ļ˵Щ˵ġ
˵ûĻشʶ̧ͷȥ磬ȴǸıŵˡ
Ϊûи˵ߣ
ûӱߣס򢣬˱ýֻҪ̧һ㣬Ϳֱȥ
ϲȴһֱֶţڱϲҪ
ԼĻҲûпڣȥ°͵֣Щʡ
ҡ
ûг󣬿Ǿǿһ˫޺˵۾磬۾ѾˣͦǱ
Ūû󣬳˵ʹ˳ʲôûУЦֱӾȥ
ƫҪ
ǰθڱǲͬ˽ȥ
۾漴ͷӦŵᣬǿ޵ûʣ٣۾Ҳۡ
ǸˣƴϳûЩѹƶԷڴ뿪֮󣬾ְ˴
·ɢңһƬǽ壬Ӷ˼ţͷҲңᶼǿ޲ˣҭţΪ
簤˽ʵʵһƣգ֮ǰڷϵʱһûƽϣ˾ͷ죬ִ
Ϻɫָӡ֣С󣬳ɴûԹֿǱ˴
̣𣬿ɿ֮ŵÿŶܴ޳ӣ麦£ˡ
ܲĶִһˣ˻
굽㣬ղŵǵаôҲȥˡ
ץץͷվڴߣŴϵɿڴͷڷ
һ
ɿӴӣ̲ס뵽ȴҧˣҶִˡ
һǰǸˣǳĬģҲСȻ;Լ֮ǰǲǸߵģӶ
ɿһľţֻЩ߰ͷ
ʱͻǳߣ߱ͳ̵ϡ
̣翴֮ǰȫͬͷ򿪹ԣҪ
һֱˣٱҪؼҡ
ǸߵŵĳͻȻͷֻӵֱֱ
Ͷͱ绹ʮ⣬ҭţӻ¶϶صӲ汧ϣ߿ޱ߿硣
ҹ磬ˣһȥұ֤㣬УжõЩǮ㡣
СԱ߳һػʵĳ磬ôҲϲԼȥˡ
첲˴ԼŪȥ
ȥͰѷӲóȥˣ˶ų硣
˾ڷ˺ﻹ̣Щ̵̻첲ϣ·̳ССĽ
ûκθоѳϣֻҪ粻ȥͲѷס±ڷ
˫˫Űڳϣ˶˵棬޵ò⣬඼Ĩ˳·ϣ֡
类Цˣһ̣̻첲ϣڰһЩ̻Ҿ͵ȥ
̸ֻܰ˵ϣţ±
ӳл³ſ˫ǰ鷢ЩңŻĪԸС
һȫûע⣬ҭſڣôƯĴ飬˭ãûκ壬Ҹ飬ͷߣòá
ţΪͼֹΪʲôĻ˵ˡ
Ǳߣھ͸˵Ǯ
˵ţԼĹԣ֮ǰǽϵʱ򣬳Ĺˣڶû
³ȥܳ䣬һʱ֮Уҷ֡
˭˵Щ
ǰ˵Ļû⣬˵д飬۾΢УʮΣա
仰Ȼһ٣ȥ硣
һͷҵͷǱίСſͰ͵ģǳԼģ
춼˵ˣֻʱûзӦһֱû˵ҲֻԼƭԼ
֮ǰóô¸ȽϺõӡ󣬱ϾôܺãҪĽҿ֪ġࡱֳǸ黨ǲݣкܶƯĴˣﻹǻѹġ
ɳһֱߣʲô˵˳                        


32

ڳ, ֽŲõģֹȥ, ڳΪǾ仰ȷʵͣ
ų鲻̫, û, ӳ, ͷֱϵۡ
˭˵ģ
翴Щ, һߣǰ鷢, ¶Ķͷͷᣬ͸ӷˡ
̧ͷ, 죬ֻûа취˵, ֮ǰĿ־Щ֮£Ȼɺ, ɵûô̿ˡ
һ飬˵Ҳ֪˻᲻š
Դ, ƵģȻ̧ͷ, ˵Ļɲд
翴תҪǰߵģֻعͷ, סԼ
ȥֽд³עȥѷͲˡ
û磬ֻûͷ磬ġ
һ£д
Ŀų磬۾ײſŨر
ˣ˵ȴҪдȻ⣬ɻ˳ߵ˴ͷǱߡ
ûͷĳﵹֽʣ֮ǰ֪
粻ȥͷſӳóֽʣûеطֻùڴߣֽ˴ϣͼ֪Ķд
ôȥдֽ϶ûʾκζ
ֽһͼܹԳּ
ûīˣվһĶ˵ߴӿռťóһ֧
ӹıʣֽԣֻд
üͷ壬֧ã˵ǲġ
ǳóһ֧ʵݸǲС
óɻԽԽ֮ǰ˵ʲôһ仰û˵֧ʶûа취д
ڿռť֧ʲþµģ֧Ҳϵ⡣
ԣѹԸҡ
ﻹµģɫ԰ףҵؿ磬ҪԣҲԸ緢Ϣ
ԥһ£ǰѹԸû֮ǰҪ顣
ͳԻĽ棬ɹǺڵģʲôûУ޷Ϣһ֮󣬾ͳ׺ˣʲô򲻿Իˡ
촽ˣŵĿĹԣַ˴ϣȥץ֣绹йԡ
üͷ壬翴˹ԣɵдֵĹһ£ͺˣĹҲˡ
дֵıʣĹԣֻ˵ɺ϶ѡ
Ϊɺϣ벻κɣҲòԡ
ſ֣Ȼعڵϣ޴뼫ˣ֪ôˣ˵Ҳд
ЩȫԺЩĪֵҲѹˣȫǺϡ
ȲЩң˭˵Щ
ӣӵڴߡ
̧ͷ㶵ؿų磬ûа취Щ˵
ͻȻǰĴԽӰȻûκϵˣЩԽȥ˲ܸıʷ̣ΪһַǸı֮ͻᳯһɿصķչӰﶼнġ
ԣĳһַ֮£ܰ˵˵Ļǲǻıʲô
ԼĽ֣ܸıĻǲҪߣѶȫޡ
ţ˵ˣΪǲ䵽³ͲȥǣܹԶǾ͸ˡ
ǸӣһֱûлشĻƢһӾˣϻİӡͲ˵ˣһģ
ʲôء
ͣס°ͣԼЩ³
·۵۾ų磬֪Լûа취˵Щ룬Ƶġ
û˸ңҲµġ
ɰͰ͵һ仰õĽˣΪȷʵû˸߹֪
˵ԺӦһ㣬ų磬С˵ˡ
°͵һ٣ɿɫЩˬǰȷʵʲôû룬ǸʲôĶûеˣû뵽թ˻
ĲӦôʣ϶ȷʵѾ֪ˣǱд
ΪЩթģǲ֪ղŵһϵжʲô
㿴ôѡ񡣡
Сڣ̫ؼˣԺĽ޷ȥı䣬Ŭһ¡
һһ뿪֮󣬾Ͳټ磬Ҳǣȥ۸˼ңҲͲᱻߡ
ûУ
緳굽㣬ôãֻ㣬˭˵ģǼٵģĴ顣
˵ţ翴ǸҥԵ˺޼Ӳͷ˵ӳô󣬾һˡ
ףֻ׹һţû˵⻰ﷳ겻ѣæһ£ҪϹˣôһʲôûֻҪߡ
ʵԳĻôһ㲻ţΪϾôдġ
ϰҲдĺ֪һȥˣΪٻ뵽ǳü
õģֻҪʡŻԼһݹǻȥũɻԲġ
ǲǣдģҲдûֻڻûߵһ
ԽԽδãԺͻȻֵǱŪķң֪ôԳ磬֮ǰѾϲ˵ˡ
㲻ţ
ĻûзӦ̧࣬ݺݵ
ɳԼЩҲ֪Ҫôȥ֤ԼǰЩȫȻνĳүȻ໰ӿģҥԿ湻˵ġ
綼Ҫ˵ı飬ֻСȿٵͷ˵š
Ȼ˵ȴóӲˬΪôǱŵò˵
ȴ
鷳꣬Ӷͳתߡ
ûôò׵ֵ˲ˣڻһֱҪߣĶЩʲô¡
Ҫߣ̾ס䡣
磬ǸˡΡΡģȰߡ
ǲܳģʵӦֻ֪һֱûȥ룬һˣʲôûУƾʲôҪϿ
֪ģǲܽ飬ڵҲûãҪǣҪδķ˻֪ˣкܶ鷳飬ͷߣòá
˵ˡ
˵󣬳³Цһ
ˣ˭˵Ǻˡ
޳ָ̣ǰ̻δɢȥһֱӾȥ׺ְԵҪҧ촽
ܶô
󣬳翡ϴΪİƦ
ֻϵʱ䣬ͱÿǱ۾ףɫҲףͷΪ֮ǰڴҲҲıôһ
٣
һ䣬ҪǿѾô롭
ǽ£Ȣ㻹У
һ̣˺ѹӣ绺³ͷ
Ϊ̫ˣŵζǺÿ
оƬͻоƬˣ
Ʈȥˣʱ̶̣ˣǸԼ˸˸ڣǰҵЩˣɴû̵ʱԱʾ
ȻôƵţ绹ǰ̸ˡ
µģղų˵Ҫ飬ȫû뵽оƬ飬ʶ͵ͷȴѾתˡ
һ£󲿷˶оƬͻоƬŽԼһ˵һʲô¶ϣҲԼоƬҲڹ
˾ͺã¸³ȥǼǣϢ
˵ߣʶͷڣֻҪ㲻ܣҲ䡣
Ѿ·ˣ¸³͵˳գѾˣҲΪʮգҲŰ˵ǡ
ڳ绹ûеܹǼǽʱ򣬾ֻܵȵ¸չ˺
뵽УܣȫڵǴȥһֱóߡ
ţûĹҲˣסҲûа취
뵽ŴԼЩ·ղѹڴϣҲ·Ҳǡ
仵ˣҲûдӷڴϵĹԣŴ򿪣ֹֺˡ
Ŵߵֽʣֹڴߣֽϻ˻ɫĳ˲֣дˡ
̾ſ￪ʼдд˵һȻ֪Ҫôȥ˵ĻҪ˵ԼΪ̰ͼ󣬻ȥұˣҪǱ֪Ļ
Щûзڵû
ҧҧ´һݣߣ·ҪˣֻҪ뿪ǾͺãԺ󻹿
ֽһȥ˴ǱߣҺסһ¥Ҵ߾Ϳֱӵ¥ǰĻ԰ֻҪó粻עȥͺá
Ӳ濴ȥûгӰ˵¥ˣ򿪴˳ȥһѾ˳ȥڴ̧Ų
ɾʱ򣬷źȻˣһ˽ﻹͷؿ˵㿴ϲ
û˵꣬žͿڴϣһܣ˲ͺ
ôˣŵӶ˲ûԼҪߣѾ̧̾ͷŵ档
ٸܣǲǡ
糤һ͵˴ߣûͳˣҧгݰġ
ȥֱӾץסѾŲ첲
ţֻţ԰Ӷ˴Զ뺰ˡ
ɳһס죬̽⣬̫ˣְӴק˽
Ͳʵ㣡Ҷ˵Ҫ飬㻹⣿
罫תֱӽѹ˴ϣıꡣ
Ҳܴһģ磬ߡ
˲۾ֱˮŶԳ˵һͿˣÿζǲһ㡣
㱻вˣ
ô˵ü
ȻʱϵĹԺȻһƵͨѶͷȥĹһİĺ롣
Ҳˣ˵ɲİ                        

33

ʶǸ, ƵͨѶԥ, ̫ӣΪڳ绹ѹڴ, ˿
Ϊͨ绰ĵ, ſ
ҵͨѶ, ǳûѹ, İ˵绹ǲҪ׾ͽӡ
ӿ˹ǹʱ, ǰ˵Ƶƭ֣ס˱ƭ˲Ǯ¹ȥû, ¡
һĳû뵽ɴعҵ˵绰ƵǱ˵ɫ
̧ȥ, ֱᣬ۾, 黹µģЩ޹ͱעİ, Ц
˼룬ͨѶ, ԥˣŵĹ֪ҪҪӣΪƭӦòڶ, ᲻ʶˣʲô
ĸס
ƺָ鿴ġ
̧ͷһ۳磬Ȼͽı֪ΪʲôĸףǼĸºܶ˶֪
ӰɣҲ
˵ţͿ˴ǽϣŴԱߵĴԵ񲻻ĵ
ô˵ֻý˵绰ΪղŹ˵绰ԭܲ
ˣհ
ССģŹԼͷң䶼ˣ̫ʧˣֿ˳˳
Ůɢų촽

ź촽΢ţҲʮԸУֳŮ˵ĸоǿңԾˡ
ңˡ
ӵģһԼղŹ˹˵ĵ绰Щ֪롣
ǸˣҸղŲ֪
СŵǸЩգҪ֪ǹ˵ĵ绰ҵġ
ҽ̸̸йس顣
ûǸĻЦţ滺ֲݿ̬ܵʮԡ
ͣû˵Źţһ˵
˵̫ϲĨǣҾֱ˵ˣǸӣụ̀ܽҲˡ
ͣһ£СȵͷʶĶʮ⣬ϳıʶˡ
ôҲùţ¸£ʮˣ֮ǰһЩС˺С㡭
ûס̧ͷһۣƵǱߵȻĻһ£ܿµ˭Աߡ
ŻǼ˵ȥ
ҾүӣôǿǷ㣬ǧ򣬻˹ǵһЩ㹻ʳǡ
˵һ£һ䡣
ҸǵĹҲãֻҪ˵̻һԸãҲʵġ
˵ǧʱ򣬾ʹ˵̧ͷ
Ҫ˵ҪǮֻؼңɳûиᣬߵǰ
һڣ¡
ܲͷת˹Ц£Цδ۵ס
ĸ״ˣҵİ˭ԼȨ
˵ţ̧ͷȥ۾΢УΪûղž
ˣĸףйŮʿ飬飬ѾҽˣҷһȤ顣
绺ڣһӶӶˣȴ̽Ǻ׼΢Ӱ˵Ҫֻȡͥ˽£˵ҸòϷͥ
Ŷų磬ǰûܹҵκˡ
Щ綼δֵֹ֪Щ˵飬һֱǸ竵ı֣ҪôòżңҪôǱڳҵĽҡ
˹ܼңͼӶ̸УֵҲ˿⣬ǴûעǣŴû羹Ȼ
źϵ࣬ʲôҪ㱨
ϳ׷ȥ飬㱨ˣֻǳ͵ģڻûϢ֪¡
Ǹղųȥ鿴ʱ򣬿ϷϢ˽˾С
ѳЩҲûϸһ֮ǰɫͦһˡ
˵Щͷ˹ԣֱӾ͸תһǮȥ
ת˵˵һλʾתĿ׺Щ㣬
ûվһ𣬰ѹ˻ת˵ĽҲڹС
ȻҪĸƵĻҲԷŹҪû顭
˵һ˲˳ָֺܿǸ޶˵ĳ̬
Ȼ磬ҾͲˣˣҺ㸸ڻ֪ܻܲȥѾˣزȥҲĻȥ
ЦŶԳ˵ƺҲЩѰĸĸǶŵļӣҲ˰֮⡣
Ȼĸףټ
ʵѾܲͷˣſǸףš
ãټ
ûȥЦ˵͹ͨѶֵ塣
ɵȹ֮ɫ˲
⼸˵ǻӻ޶ȣɹ͹ܲסΪ󲿷ֵǮĸŲ
ĸȥǰһͨ绰ŵó̳й֮λҲúչˡ
ڷֳĸѾ󲿷ֲƲ˳󣬳Ҳû⣬ܸܲһʮСȥЩŲΨһĶӡ
Բ⣬ʼǹȥģֵٴʶ塣
ǱŲֹõ㣬ҵ鲼ϵ³Ⱳһ޳ɣֻЩҲݳ޵Ĺһ
ǧõ㣬һͨ˵ѾˣɳȴóһڸŸɣ
ԽԽһų޵ЩŤ
ߣͺȫһˡ
Źȥſ뵽Ǹĸͦ
ڣ˼Ƿϣղŵû㡣
ŴԱŲŲɳȴһֱɫôá
˵˭вˣǲ
ָţΪոմ绰˼ҡҡͷȷʵûв
ûСС
ûУղ˵
üͷ壬˵ĻЩ⣬侭֮ǰһϵֵľٶ֮󣬻Щɺϡ
ͣһֻԼģֻ˵Ѷȫޣʵû˵ֻĽ²⡣
ô뿪
ɫһֱûеش𣬾ʶ˵ֻҪ뿪һڶѡ
ʶģͷû
˵㲻á
꼫ˣһֱûԵˣȻǲĵģҲ֪һֱġ
֪Ǹʲôö񽭳˵
ȥ·ʵЩû˵
үӶµˣֻ棬Ҳһ˼ֻǲԸóĵڶ֪
û˭˵һۣͼɫ⣬˳̫ζˣĸǡ
ʲôƨһ飬Ǳһɫ.ģĵһۣĺ󣬾˹յȥ·²ŵζô
ʲôϲϲԼûŪɺòôθڵģҪˣ̫ġ
Ժһڴ廨Ļ棬ְܰᴩ̧ͷ¶ֹЦ
ģֺǵζ
ĵױĳЩ˲ļ¶һֱûзϣҲǡ
ʵûһԼܹϲˣǵŮŮ̫࣬ûһܱôʱȤ
Ҳûϻôһˣĵһۣ֪ˡ
ڵĳ֪ߣûɣ˵ûɣ                        


34

ĻһӲ֪Ҫôش, գգ۾
һ飬, ȷʵûжá
ȶȻǳü, ó粻֪Щʲô, ɺôڿûôųˡ
侲, ⼸챻ԺЩ, ú˼
ĻҲѵƽ, ΪʶˣԼʱûа취ӳӳȥ
ҳȷʵһֱͦãûзƢ, Ȼڽǰ
ӣǺ˵, 롣
ܲˣ۾Ҳ޵ú, Ƶģûףȫ֪ԼҪôź, ֪һ㣬ǲҪǳ, һְô졣
ڱڷ£ޱȿܺų⣬
һִĵη壬޾Ŀֲڰ, Լ֪Լô¡
Ҳܻȥ𣿡
СĻһڣı֪ˣǲܻؼҡ
Ļûסһ۵ģָкܺãǳݺĶͱĦ
֮󣬳ίˣ־ѳÿ
ɳȴûʲôΣȻջ֣ɿЩ΢
ˣҸһ¾Ͳˡ
˵ţٴ˹ȥͷһڡ
Ƥ⻬΢ʹƤºۼ
Ǹίֿſûס˵ùûʣǺƭСһô˵
֪ҸɶѣƭСɣɵһ壬ֲ
ԼƼˣûж磬ڴߣܶܲ
һ㣬ʹ˵˻飬ľͲҪ롣
˵ȥ˵һ뿪
üͷ壬һ£չüͷűǳͲٵˡ
ʰҴȥطõ·úãҪǲٴȥ򡣡
˵ţʹ֮ÿλã˵ˣ
֪Ҫȥȫɻ󣬾ô̧ͷ
ôţЦһ̧־ԴŪͷ
ȥǸߣʵ㡣
ûһֱܵ飬в֮⣬ܵͷ
ȥ
ŴŴģղе㵣ģתһ룬ûеǣǵ涼ûӦòҪ͵ƫԶطȥ
ܣʰ
˵žǱȥղҪܣֱӾ˵ϡ
תͿ̵ʰЩԸ
ʰǲסˡ
ݻμԺȻûбߵĿܣ֪絽Ҫȥ
Ȼ֮ǰһֱ뿪гϷڣСһֱǹȫһ㣬гڣ粻
ɵ֪Ķʲôң֮ǰķӦʵʵͷ
һʱ䣬ܿϷǰʶ룬ĻӦòһЩֵ顣
Ҫǳס棬ûˡ
ô̵ʰʱ䣬Ҫ취ҪֱȥϷˡ
ߵߵĳûиᣬ򿪷ڴϣ翴˼ı飬֪ڶС˼
̫΢΢üЦ⿴ƦƦģֱӴյ߿ڣҶ˼ʵ㡣
˵вζ̫ԣֻõͷúʰ·ɺ
ʵ˵Ľ飬Ͳţִ˵绰ֱ˵ܺͳˡ
룬ӦʶȤ뿪Ͳ鷳ҲԼ֮С
飬Э¹غԼȫòһ㣬˼ҲתתԼҸ·
ȫޣмĽ֣ĺ£˹ļңؼҡ
类̵ĶŪЩ꣬ɴԼʰ
֮ǰ޵ңߵʱҲЩ·ϣû˵·ɵ顣
ͦһ԰·ȥջǰַذ·á
ô֪ԼʱˮƯˣЩΣĵ̾˿ôôѡ
ڿֶ·ҵĴӳ˻䶼ˡ
֮ǰС·˸ǿˣߵʱû˵ʲôһ˿Ц⡣
ڲԺ˵·ˣôڻ׶ԣЩ顣
ôţ鲻һĺãûٶϵ·ת¹񣬰·Ҳ˳ϣȻ·Ҳ̫ˡ
Сӣ˳öʯ룬ߵʱû
֮ǰҵ绹ȥɳ粻Ҫ˵Ѿˡ
ûа취֮ǰŷŵȵ˿˹ǺٸܼҷϢ˵¹ڣˡ
Щ·ᱡôܿʰˣûɢĶ
Ѻ˳ַŽʰˣֱӺϣӴҪߡ
˺ö·Ȼ֮ǰľҪ࣬粻ˣֱӾʮɡ
Ϸˡ
˵˼ҪϷ˵һ
ãһͷٸ̡
һ䣬һߣԷʱٸû£ڼӶתֿˡ
ǶǳҸʣҪǾǻ;ܿڡ
⻰˵úֱܲӾͰǵСžŵ˳
ļƻһͷĿ¥ݣγϷܹ˭ûֻܸųȥ˻ͣڻ԰ķ
ȻϰӡĳôӶǰ˴ÿӶﶼЩȣǸ޷ĴүҲаʱ
ǰߵͨʱҲ˳ϵӡӣʱ򱻳ǮˣҲߣȹ˵绰عȴѾʧȥĻᡣ
û˿ͣڷպ󣬹ԶԶ˦󣬳ӼʻĲհһݸ
ȥ˯۾Ϣˣҽ㡣
ԵͳѷóԶʻ
Լܲ۾˵飬ҺۣͰǴȥ΢΢αϡ
ȵҩƤ۾Χ۾𽥱ôܡ
ԥһ»ǰ˵ʹϹԣ޳ָ
ҪȥǰķӣҪϵĴѧҪѧȥġ
뵽ڳҲֹһߣϷִˣ粻Ը󶯸ɸ꾪
žǵٴҲǸ׵Ƥӵ¶ʲôԳ֪Щǻ㱨̲
Щóܷϴΰ鷳Щ߰еϢĴڣȥҲ֪ˡ
˵ڣǱҪϷ˸˵ߣٷ붼̷ܶƢԻǰã˭ܷ
·ϾʹǴӵȨޣļ˿ʼɨ֪ͨ·꣬ǸǱЩܴ·Ҳ˳Ķ¹ȥͻš
ϵķ䣬ǳۼڣղžǶӷü˿ˣЩˬʱˡ
óһϵĺۼܿʧ
ʮӺ󣬳Ϳ˵ˡ
ǣȡ۾˺ܶ࣬׶ɢˡ
·ͳû˵ҴǺҲÿ磬ʹһ·ʵҲӱܡ
ڷϣǸܴܴĴѧУ԰ŶѧУԼǰ۹ѧʶԨһѧģչڼ˵ǵһѧ֪
ŶѧУܴ󣬶ѧλڱȽƫһĽ⣬ͳǡǴ棬ԼٶȺܿķҲ˽ʮӡ
ǵѧУʱڹŶѧУΧҲչʮַҵ֣Ҳһ㣬ÿ궼ѧιۡ
ӷܿ深ĽֵûͶ࿴˼ѧУĽ
ע⵽ߣȴû˵ʲôתΪֶʻһ·Щҵ֣ѧУϱߵ
͸ղŵĽֵȣҪ࣬û£деһξһʽķӡ
еķǰһЩˢɲɫеСǧͻݣɫĿۣľҵǺǿҵĶԱȣȡĸо
ڵĴѧԱ߽Ļ̲ס룬ķӣһܹɡ
֮ǰѧʱѧУΧķӾͦģҺⷿסѧУҵũй˵Ҳһʱ򻹻ǡ
¸ѧڿѧҪѧһǰ䣬֪ǳ˵ĵط
򿪷󣬳絽γûӣʵʵźˡ
Ҳˣվڱǰһȥˡ
ģ˺һҽƻˣûκ˵ĴڣȥЩ
Ϳÿ䶼ɨˣ㱨֮󣬾Ͱָصԭ
һ¥ûз䣬˿ǳͲܴ󣬳ͲҲС
˶¥һԺͷһ˵ٵģÿʹࡣ
ţʶȥĸǿͷȴһ·ķԣǷҪסĵط
Ӧסͷ
ģ鲻
ûпͷֻһ䡣
䣬˵Цһ˵ǸЦݴЩӵζǹ
Ȼ۽΢Ժˡ
Уҿˡ
С΢ɲĲû뵽ôһС˵žҪȥ䡣
ûˣѾеǼ˾ͻˣͨĳѵҡ
ЦòãǸЦԲǴЦ
û·Ѿǰжˣֻһס
Ųԭأֿڸ˵ϲЦݲϣ¶һڰ
;ͲţЩкòּãüЩâЦչּЩ
ԲǰΪǸʿ
Щڣ֪ڹҲȵĻᡣ
ϵĹԣ翴鲻ԣ̾ǽҪ飬ҲûգЦԽã˵Ļȴеͷˡ
ҪǾñ뿪ԡ
ͷʮãסˣ֮ǰǱı겻ѣδ򣬿û취ƽϣһЩӡ
ԣһס
һãҲһЩһתֿ˵ڸÿˡ
ɻؿ֪ʲô                        


35

ǰгһЭ, ˳Ĭ֮У춼û˵
·, 翴ǿһԲ, һָо, Ҫ΢, ܸܵûӰ, ʱ, Ρ
֮ǰһֱΪֹģǱ۸Ҳҷ, û뵽ôڡ
˼ȥ뵽ǸĸҪǧ뿪顣
ҵ֪, ƽǵĿĳҲͳǿʱ, 
һڣ˻õڳ翴ƽʱ·Ǯ, ȻҪԼʡŻĻ, 㹻ġ
ѣ´δֱȽϼصɳҲ֪仰˵֮ǰЩŮŮ, Ĵ󲿷ֶΪѡ
ڳ翴ž·ֺܵЩ˲ͬ
ߣҪĽЩʱܣö࿼һ¡
˵ˣСʲô˼ȥҲֻ취Щõ㶼ţеǮһڵĻҲӦһ¡
Ȼүǲ֪뷨ģΪģڵӡ
һ˻᲻ʲôⷢ飬֮ǰû
Ȼĵǣڶʱڣ粻ܵĻᣬбҵѧѧ¼ڣеʱ䣬ҲͲ֮顣
ɴЦݣڵĴ𰸣һֱû˵ЩЭ˳˼֮С
΢΢üЩ㲻Ը⣿
Э鿴˺ü飬һһĿȥڿһмӴֺɫ͸Ӳ֪Ҫ˵ʲôˡ
ôʣһеΪѼˣûеͷ
ӵ㹤˺ܶࡣ
ڣСĲСԱߣҲһֱڿȻ塣
类Ļָˣӵ㹤򼸸ˡ
Ըٸ˵˷ѿֱ࣬Ӿץ֣ǰĹϰȥ
ʶô㡣
ԵͳĴʮöǿаӡ˹ϡ
һɨƼ¼ɿֺǷݵЭϾͳһӡ
ҪίˣĪ͸ǩһЭ飬³ÿ¸Ǯٶֻ࣬ҪһһƵ㡣
ұ󡣡
ûа취ѳ֣Ȱӡ˺һȴ˵ǸЭ鲻Ļֻ˵ôһ䣬ղŵĻ
ЦǸίʵҸߣ
̧ͷų磬ЩԸɻǳʵ˵ûС
󡣡ûסԳ˵
¶ʲô󡣡
翪ڷʵĶԻɵûߣЩΣɿ̲ס붺
ҽ磿
ҡͷǸƵСóЦ⡣
ղ˵ʱ򣬾켣Dĳ˼ˣͷյߡ
ұˣھ͸㿴ȱȣ
ֱӣֵ˫Ư۾æҡͷ˵Ҫ
ʧıóЦҲ޴ĶԻûˡ
ЭǩˣҲˣǲǣˡ
翴˵¶ƦЦ̫ãı黹һֱ
Эʵ࣬Ҫϴ£һЩ⣬ҪԷʵЩûʲôܽܵǣҪ˯
Ȼ˯˯ˣһЭûгֻںвҪó籧˯
ЭһǸӴֵĺɫʮֻۣдһһǧ
绹ںСﱸעˣҪǴﵽһȫڣֱӾ͸󶨳һĲҵ˺ŻͨЩҵÿµ붼
ųĻʶֿһǷЭ飬šȫڡ֣޳黹ȫڡ
ؿӡӡ棬һǳЦЦû˵ʲô͹ر˹רŷһļУֱӹΪ˻ļ
˹Ժ󣬳̧ͷЦһá
һǳѵûΪԸԴ˸ղŵĻ⡣
ÿǧĻʣԷõ㣬ô⡣
ͳ˺ܶ࣬ͷ࣬һ㶼ɿ
ʵǸЭԼ˽ıǮҪռȸصһ
ǩЭ飬ֻе˰ꡣ
ǧȷʵܶ࣬ൽǰδһôǮǺѹ
ķ𣿡
ͷСƵģֻͷ
ǧǳһģҲǳĻʡ
Ҫÿһ¶˺ܸߵļ۸񣬸Ͳ뱣ķӵ㹤ļ۸񣬳ҪЦ
ķ˭ұķܸλĹʡ
ǲ֪ͨ˵ĹʲôģɳЩӶ˵ĹʴŻ֪ģǸԼ˸ķ
ϴ·ȫԶϴ»˶úָ·Ҳǻȥϴʵò
˵ţͰ˻ӱš
°͵˱˸óһ
ǩЭ飬ͱ˼ˣҺúš
࣬ǻָ֮ǰǰʿɼǴᣬҲڸǲ˻в
޷ѳĽû˿أѹ
籧𽥻˵طµ°̽˽ȥ͵֫мá
ûм⣬ƽ̹⻬һ£Ƥģϧ̫ˣʵûж١
ȻиͷðСӾͺˣһָһá
Ҳֻôһ£ķӶЩµ˼㡣
õĳЩˬһƤŰ˷ſ
å
˫Ư۾ﺬžӨ飬ɤѸԶ磬Լ·ãſǻ߳硣
٣
簵һ˻
˵ʵӣˮ۽΢ɫ.ͷĳ˵ҪĹI
һֱ֪һ㶼ֻǰ̫ס۾ųĬ
ʵϼֹ𣬺֮ǰȫͬʱóļⶼ˲
ŵˣ֮ǰ粻ûǲͬǳˣղŵĶǿҵζֵֻ¶Ⱥܸߣʱȫͬ
Ȼ֪ԼǩǸʲôЭ飬ˣֻˣռ˾ԵȨڳ糯ʱһֱȥۿڴת
ĹӦǽģҲӦǺԼϲˡ
ûڻЭ
ǽˣɤӶǶġ
û˵㣬ұһôˡ
緳˵ţЩߡ
һĲΣֱӾͰ˻ǿаԴϡ
˳־ͰͷˣͷĶЩ³ķʽIйĲ
ȳ水ŷſ
һͷ³ҵͷЩǱôȶ
ˣڹϻһ£˴Ͷ˽
ͷ鲻ͣ¥
ϲ·һȫŽ¹񣬺Ҿʹ뿪ǡ
ҵСЩ⣬¥߸һ䡣
ȼһС˲Ϩˣͷ·ûղдΪ뿪ȥ
۲Сĳ翴һֱûģǹЦЩܣûˡ                        


36

ˮ, ϴˣƵ, һίǵͷɻ, ϸָϸϴһӵˡ
´иǳǳҧ, Ѿȸղźöˡ
ҧĲ, ȻҲôۼ, ҲΪҧ, ű˳ȥ
˫Ƚɢɳϵĳү鲻˫ཻڸ, ôʵţ÷
Ѿ, ȵʱ򣬴زܴ, ¶ʮˬ
մڸղŵ֮ɢֻ࣬һЩϢĳܰ
˹ԣ޳ָڷӵĿֻ˼, زɫͱˣ赲ҫ۵̫
·һЩرĳþ, ԼЩе˹
ʰóĶЩԱ뿪ˣĽел˰˵¥ȥװ˻ǰס
в˵, ãȻҲڡ
˿󣬹΢һ£֮ǰڹʱŽķмأ˽ȥػᷢĶ
ÿ֪ӦӶ˻߼˽ȥɨ˼أûµĳ绹ǴǸ
Ǹղʱ򣬲Ҫܼ˵һԺͲסˣͷҪʰȻӶ˲ȥʰ
ʾķ䣬ʮңߵʱЩżʲôûܣֱ뿪ˡ
ż˵һĿǱڴߵֽȻ֮ǰڵʱдȴôд
űڵϵֽȴ¶һɫıʼŻһۼ
мʾĻʮ翴ˣüͷ壬ߵҪɨǸֽš
ûж룬Ϳ˵ȵȡ
ͨǸ΢ͷмش˵ıУ˱ϳ󣬾ͣ˶
֮ǰһϵжó粻⣬µڣҲûŪ֮ǰʲô
ü˰ֽӵϼڳ£˶żؽűֽչ
翴һۣ˼һȥıʼ֮⣬û
˵𣬳þͿԳԷˣעˣǸɵɢŵӡ
ڸָʱ򣬵ߵĻֱˣû˰ùֽͱʶŽ䡣
ֽӦֱӵ˵ģɳתһ룬ˣùʱԺҵᣬдһЩĻ
˹үãߵſڵʱ򣬿ΧΧȹվﳴˣϸ֫ΧȹĴĪЩڸɡ
ʵղæģûס֮󣬾ͱ˳ȥ
С˵ȥͲû˿вевȴֻЭ
˳˵ﻹлϵͳתϳ˽ŲڱȻӱסʱ򣬻һΪֻһˡ
΢زһ£ǱͻȻŵʱķӦ͵ЦŴԵЦԸö
ˮˣܼ򵥵ˣټһ׷Ͷ
ǰ˸룬֮ǰڹԹһֱûӡ
ǰǳ˵ûԱҲʵԷʱûԶ٣
ڳҴһʱ䣬֪ƽʱԵĶܺãʵЩģΪ˹ڼ򵥡
ǸӵĲʽʱ㣬뵽Ҳֻˡ
ĳ֮ܲǰӣɳ綯͸һŵĸо
ûԼķ˿ԼĲã
ʱ˺üЩãȻ֪Լô죬ȸǩЭ顣
֪ǳΪ뱻
֪ϾЩģԿûжҲû˵ʲô
һ˰̲˶ˣȥϴ֡
ζ
ͦӣ󻹿˾
û˵Ĵڣ絹ͦ뱧һЩ飬ɿϵľͽ䱸ǴˣЩ꣬ˣˣԺеʱĥ
Ҳǳ绹ҪȥͷôҪæҺһҪ뿪ǣҪȥʰ·һЩߡ
ͺķŹ˶¥
ñӼ䣬Ӹȳĵط̧־Ͼһ˲١
ǵøҲװãֹģһ·еĵطȽ䡣
ͷЦŸ˵
ֻҪڣ绹Ǻܺ˵ģǻص֮ǰʱ⣬ʿ
ûа취ֻܴӦų߳ȥſʼʰ·
ñܴһ·һǳģп˴·ԵĲͬ
˺ܶ·¼ܣһļĶУʱֳҪܾõĸоȻҲﶬ·ôࡣ
ͷǱߴͷ򶴵һЩ·ͷŽȻճ˵ģҲװˡ

賿㣬ѻ˯ȥԡϴ
ˢݹʱ򣬻ڼͽ˹ȥ۾ЩԱ߿ЦЦ
һɰɫ˯£ۣҳĵӰ𪣬ͷΪ˯Щңë׵ġ
Ҫ뿪ȥУú˳ϴȥͿԳͣȥ
˯ŵˢˢžͲˣ۾Ҳˣ˯Сʱ㣬ɳ翴žȵģһͷ
ʵҲûʲô絹ͦģԸ⣬ڳӲʱ򣬻ֵ˰ҹࡣ
ʵڼֲסˣﱧϥǣ嶼˻ΣӴߵȥģְ̾˻
Ъ˼˵ֻ˯
ԭΪûܸɻû˳Ե
ܱ˯Ҳ§§׵ģô˳һЩҲΪûôļʱȥ
͵ʱ룬ļ嵰϶ûж
ĵ㶼ܴӴܣͲˡ
е䣬ÿ¶ﲻˬҲöû˯ѵƢ
Լͺ󣬿ſӶв嵰ҲģûٻֲŶߣְѼ嵰еߡ
졣
翪˵ţ֮ǰǲ뱣ķڻι˸ķ˸ڣŸ߹ʻøι
֮ǰûдȥȥСʱͬĺ磬ʱûܣҲûиƢǱȽڴģĺ綼о
һ˯̫Ǹ˯ͱˣһ棬ȷʵ᲻Ȥ
Ŷ˯ŵĻһǰļ嵰࿪ûȥԡ
Լԡ
ȥһ嵰̫ϰ߱ιԣǺСʱԼÿӺͲιˣοǳ磬ľٶ̫ܣʡ
òźһرˣܾˣɫЩ̫ãɼʼԶѼ嵰Żһʡ
Ա߿һԶЦ⡣
ֹ𴲾𴲣ϴϴ˿ûģرֻҪһһָȻش˯
翴ŹԹԶţ̵˫ֶӣ΢ڻ󣬿׹Բ
ϧϴһƤ㱻ָűåֻѹ˼еʱ䡣
ͺ󣬳ʹ˷
ɫЩΪһ⣬ǽۿǱ߷ȥ
ǽ֮ųˡ
Ŵ򿪣ͳ絽ǽ㣬һ۾ͿǸۣʮˡ
𡤿˹صȻҲڵŸһ򿪵ʱǡöˡ
ܿ죬絲ǰݵĶӡ                        

37

ͳ֮, ΢΢̧°ͣĿ˿˿Ӷ֡
ת뿪, кûǲ뿴, 
һԵļӶ̾͸ȥ, иĸʵ, һ¡
ڰ, ûʲôʾ, ֻҪͺá
Ǹһۣ֮ǰûڰ߼ˣӦǸڡ
뿪, ʾ
ƶԳ˵Ϊ֮ǰ˳ȥʱ, ǣ֣ҪôԼԼ, Ҫôߵ첲
ûжٸ鷽ľ֮ǰͳȥʱǲ, ûǣҲû첲Ǹ, һãȻ޹ûŪ˼
翴˫Ư۾ȫãȻеԴв, ѹˣǣȥ
ҴǽǳµģǷװĸݳ̶ȶǶֻȥĻҪûˣЩڿյ
ûСǽֻҪȥۿ̮һ澰ǽķҪǿλҲҪﵽһȻ׷Σա
̮ǧľۣЩƽʱеû¸ɵĹǸ飬һŸ߼ǽƱȥͦߵļλ͵˳׬Ǯ
Ȼ㹻Ŀռ䡣
ӵݳһʵɳȫǱҲһЩɳͲ輸źȾƣжž̵شṩ
ȥͨвַ䣬ʩУнңȫ
ǣߣͷ¶ͷ鿴Щģ¶üâûǸһֲýӽĸо
ųǰߣΧʱʱĿϣҲֻ΢΢ͷ֪
֮ǰҼʱˤԺ󣬳̾Ծ̨װסͣһĽ˭˶ݣ֮ǰ绹ȥ˱ҵ񣬲˶ˡ
֮ǰ绨ӵʵģû˼һôġ
ֳǿҵִʱ򣬳绹ǰ˸ˣƢû͸˺档
в˶ģ߸˸˵ʹˡ
Ȼ⵽е㲻̫һɴ󲿷˻Ǿֻѣ֮ǰżúüŮ˶ġ
üֵϣĿϷʡ
ĸֺУƷҲôĹһۣڳ뿪ģĳ೤ʱȥµӡ
뷨ʵҲֹǼǽˣֹЩӵܣһЩDģǵǵĸ̡
ǵݵλȤԼƱǮǽõƱЩƱǴӳȥģ׬Ǯͺá
ģκȥĵطֻҪָͺãҪ뿴Ӱ˯Ҵ
·Щҵʱ򣬳翪ڶ˵С벽ǰ˲š
ղŴ˶࣬ҲӣҲûʲôҪ˵ģûڡ
ȿƿģҵţɨĳŶ˵һ䣬֮ǰڿ˹ûȥģҡ
ˬɳ̲ɹ̫ɳ̲ԱϻҬӣģʮУ˹ϳɵڿŵʱ͸һ·Ҳܵˡ
ĻԥСһ£²شó
˯˲Сʱűʱöˣɻͦģ߹ҵͨǰͳһš
ڳߵʱͷԶʶ˳߹󣬲žͿˡ
ûκͣ٣
ȥ֮͹رˣгȨޣ˶޷
ȥԡϴ֣ղųֱȽϽ죬ô˵ע£һ㺹
ԡǸģ濴ֲ͸ĥɰͿ棬ԡҲͦģȥŷ֣ܴ濴档
֪Ƶͼʲô
Ĭһ˲쵽ˮͷ棬ˮ˳
ȥ˳ųĿͷԡңֲ͸ĲȻȫ͸ԡһࡣ
ջĿ⣬ߺͳϣڴߵĳЦòãʲôû˵ֻ´ʾȥ
ĥĥ䣬̵ͷǱĥԳεͷЩ
ϵһֱǵãŻˣ·㱻˺
ûóɹ£ֻҪڳߣʼջᵣ飬û׼
֪ǳŹǵã֪ǲһ첻Źˡ
ͷĳһڴϵʱ۽΢ûжֶţ˿
˯
ĥĥĶŪЩһǲ뿿ãЩꡣ
۾˯
ͷ˵ŵ۽ݶڲ̾͹ԹԱ۾˳һЩ
ץһͷ綢ű۾ֱӾȥ
СˣŷŹһԱ߱ӣ˳˰µ׾ͱ˯ˡ

ǽʻ̫Уǿճǰ
վȫǰţգգ۾Ŀɱ貵תϵ
󣬳ͲڷˣܰôһС
ôǵһؿǿգϵģάͼȷʵ˳Упʱ򣬻Ǳ𺳵ˡ
Ӵ嫵УССҴǽҲĵʮС
Ȼ˶ԪۣƽӰģƽƽ档
ԺǱĳ֣⻹һڵʱĪĿֻ֮С
дĽͨƽĹһô£ǸͨˣֻǺһ˸ͷȫԵûУҲϵġ
Ǳֵ̫ͻȻǿ˼֮У߰뷨ˡ
˵ǸˣǲǴƽеġǸ߼Сİһܸй¶˳С֪ˡ
еĲ²޷κ˵룬ǲʲôִʵЩֻһѣֺͳôһ£ڰ￴ʧЦ
Щ亹ԼֵֹԶŵˣһڰ￴ţ飬Ҳڿˡ
ڴߣ
ԺȻͷ򵯳ĹǳϢ
عղǸԼŵԶʧԼеЦЩ߰һöûС
̾˿һ뵽ҪԳ磬;ñȸղŵĺ˼뻹Ҫ¡
ſ˳ȥЩҺʹͨ˳
в֣򻮷ֵͦȷ̺ȾƵߣûг̵ұߡ
ôѰҳ磬󿴼ұ߿ɳϣﲻֹһˣ˶Ⱦģ֪˵ʲôһЦ
ǰϰ˾ƣһС붼ˣѾ˺ܶࡣ
;ưɺ֮ǰȥһΣǱҵʱͬѧģ߱ȽϰͬѧȾƺȵúףҲ˲٣ΧǺӦߵıȽ硣
վ￴ųȾƣһȥûκɳżһ̧ͷüۼķâʮ㣬ǺܾйԵ˧
ûˣֵʱǱ̧ͷͿȴٳû
翴ˣǱߣɳ§§ŮŮӶ
Խü˺ߵ˳˳ɳϡ
֮󣬿źܲýӽ˾ǻ˸ףϲԾ¶Ц嵭С

ղźȿյıֵЩһ§ʵ
СҡͷȾơ
ЦһûԹֺһȰ׿ˮһû˿仯
ζܴ󣬳ҲǣЩӦûȾơ
ùƹ㲻ͦϲ
Щִ٣ͷ¾Ʊյߵźܵӡ
ͳöʪϢɨ䣬ġ
ܾó˵ʱ΢Ƶĸо
ɳĿЦ⣬ԾûֻϾζΪĴѡ
ˡܾ˳磬첻ǺȾơ
ԥһ£˵ȥķΧǲ̫ӦȾЦѰֵˣкüԱһǣȫȻԱ߻˿š
ɳǱŵһ׳˿˼ڳ羯Եɨһ֮Ѧ޺ٺЦ£§ŻŮ˼ȾƵ顣
ղųʵҲЩ壬类ǵĻŪˣԺܹҪ¶ģɴͰ˽˹֮ǰҲ˵ˣֻǿ˵Ļſڡ
кͳģ֮ǰ붺ɳ§ĽԻŵӣô룬Ъ˼
Ҳˣ
Ѧ޿ӵ߳Ǹɫ˺󣬺Աл˵˾䡣
л̧ͷȥһͿڣ˼ҵĺˡ
֡
ʶǸ˵Ŀںк
ɫǳɫ۾ЦᣬϤĹóλã֡˾ˡ
Ѧ޵СҲˣʶѦޣǸϵʱ򣬻֣Ժ͸ֳһ
̧ͷȥǸɫˣ֮ǰѵƬһģһ
֡ˣǱ˵ŵĽɫңҲġһˡ

ɫ˿ǰСˣ˧Ŀ¶εı飬Է޵ó˶ڰο
ˣˡ
֡ɤᵽ㡣

ԺͻȻһ֣Ǹ˶ֵʱ̲ס˸ս
һ˵Ĺоĵ׻ڳϵֲԾץһѣԼۣðִԼԺϳȥ
εĵӣǶֹԣλδԺУһʱǶûа취
뵽绹Աߣʶȥ磬Ҳ֪Լҳʲôʱ̣ʶˡ
ַϣʱֱͼʮָ棬ûô
ɾڳſ֣϶һƻûȵʱȫûκηĳͻȻͱץˣͦݵģһⶼˡ
ƣΪǱƵҪˣ¶צ
¾Ʊûпڿˣɫͳ
ܿתͷЩѹ漴ΪЦ綼֪޻Ц
һЦĸоϮڿֳԼǰʱһԼӲֵıоӲѹˡ
ͻȻֵǶùͬʱ䡰˶֣ԽԸȥ룬ԽԺ֮ȥս֮Цĳ嶯
ЦЦţеޣΪ֡˶ˣǲҪߡ
޻Ц
һüͷޣɻû޳Цˣ仯е죬ڳĪ͸ȸ֮ǰĿ಻ͬûסЦ
֪Լ̫֣ûа취òƽ󣬶е㷢̡
绹ڵĻشһ»ӱˣֵֹıֻ֣ϣ˶ûˡ
͵ЦһѺ˶ͷѹװԼϡ
΢һº󣬻ǹԹ԰ڳţ뵱ԼղֵľٶûзȻͦ³ģڣֻʶһˡ
֮ǰͳദһʱ䣬ʿɿ󼸺Ժ
ڲ֪ôʱ򣬳ּʱڻԼû֣ڳ磬Ǿúܿɿġ
ССһǰ˳ϣͼķʽװղʲôûз
㲻񡣡
һҹԹſͷ۽üҶã˵š                        


38

ȷʵȽ, ȾƳ̶У, Ǵ뿪ˡ
·֡˵ʱͷ͵ûп
֮ǰ֪ڿ, ܿת, Գûзڿ˭
Ǹʱֵ, ֻҪ΢һ, ž֪ܾڿ, ·˵ʱ򣬳绹۲һ
һ·ͷ˭ûȥ, óٷģһֱûɿ
ųȥǽ֪, 뿪֮󣬴˷׷׶
Ͼ֮ǰ, ó̵˶ȥһߣžסͲ͡
˺ôϳ, ڵǻã˵ԺʲôҪҳ, Դ˶ӣ̵һȥ˵Ҳ΢һЩ
Ϊ֡˵ĳ֣ԺﻹǶĪ, ƽ󣬺Ǹ˲ʵ֣ﶼǳ
Ŵ򿪣ǣţ飬ֻʶųͣͣ
źȻһ£ʹͷһɻίؿ硣
޳ָ𣬳翴عֵһţġ
ǸίСƺȴûΪԼ͡
߸·㶼ʲô
Ϊ֮ǰġ״±ץܣ仰ʱ۾΢С
ǿʵʵЩС˼ţЩ·⻹΢עˡ
һʣ̧ͷų硣
һŵͷܿ˳ߣС˵û룬ˡ
Сӱܣüͷ壬ȴû˵ʲô
˯ûãֻͣڶˣ緹˯˹ȥ˵ʵĶˡ
ǽ㱾ǳԷĵطǳԷԸ˵ûбȥ˲Ǳߡ
ԷʱҲ飬һûһµš
ղųʱʵǸ˲䣬Щԣ취ֱʲôû˵Ϊ뵽˵Ҳһ
ַ˼飬ԼڶûŪô¡
֮ǰڿ˹ƽͨĹʮ꣬Ĳ˵ûôȻЩµġ
߳磬Ҳãܹһ֪飬ǲǾͲôˡ
˵˵ҪǲŵĻΪ⡣
ԽԽɥԷĶ
棬Ըüͷ塣
žһǵ汻طŻϵع̧ͷȥ磬ӵġ
µĳ翴񣬿ɴŲ
ԣԾͱˡ
޾Ͳ˲죬˹ģⶥſ˵ġ
˵ƢһܲãЩͱ˵ζʮֲͷ
ûߣͳȴˣĵ棬ָڶЩס
ͷʻǵһΣģۿЩʪ⡣
֮ǰٷƢǱץûڸ˺¡
ĵ棬֪Ҫô죬ᣬѾΪˮԽԽģ
ˡ
֮ǰعһεЩӲ䣬Ҳ֪Ǹ÷µ滹ԼҪԷı
ڲǿϣڽԼ޳ֻĬĬᣬһͷĳ罥ƽ
һʱ˶û˵ڿԼ
Ĭһᣬųٲĳ绹ȷʾ
վߵǱߣ֮󣬳£ϡ
ʱҲѣﵶϣΪҪȥЩֹסˡ
˳ϣСûдȥ˼Լƽˡ
βúԼˣ΢΢üû˵ִƳϵĵ棬ǿпˣеôСʡ
ˣˣҲԣȳԷ
ԵͳĴЩǸ⣬ʵЩΣôţһžͿޣϲޣܲԡ
ղſһֱ񣬲úóԷĻԼҲ֪ôˡ
ȿˮ
ֱᣬ޶ң˺ܶ࣬µ棬ϵˮݸ
Թ԰ˮӹȥĽëʪˣˮ翴ˣְѱӽӹȥźá
һϵжʮԼûвĲӵݵԶ
Ѿкˣһһ۳磬ղŵĲͷѾʧŰԵʼϸʡ
ڳϲӳԷʵͦϰߵģ˵ʲô
ҳһ顣
翴ԹԳԶӻţҲûԣǵһ
һ£֪ҪѳĲùԼĸ
ɿڵȣ򴽣СԼĲӲһǲ֪ҪѲӸ磬ô
ôֱӾ˳ְǿҧȥ¶Ц
翴극һкˣֻóԾͺãŲСںˮȵʱ˳־Ͱѱӽ˹ȥʮ죬ϡ
ԺԷҪͱˡ
첲§ϵƽӣ΢УЩΣգҲݺݵġ
˵ţ§Ҳʵضֵ˫Ư۾󣬳͵Цɿ֡
ӳˣɳûԶ١
ڶĲƹٶЦ
һ
кһС⣬ȫŲͬ滹ͬѪһĺɫ֭ˮ
˶٣ùĲӣɳûֻſڣóι
һ£üͷԲһ⣬ʺɫͺһ
ԳԲߵӣֲңǾͷʵߣ쳤첲ֵߡ
³
΢ԥһ£СС죬ǿûôҧε˳
ΪҪһԣ¾ͻзʰΪû𣬿ȴۿųֱӰǿԹˡ
ȵ۾ű黹˵㾪֣Цû˵
ֻǲ˷һϵŶѣôһ㶼ҪǮҲֻ֪ô
ӻ޶ȵĳүԼɡ
ʱǷ㣬Էʱԣǽġ
˷Աֻгˣ˵ĻϤڽһװ·Уڵų뿪üʱȥʰ
ְڣֲһֱò͵ˣֻʱʱĿһۣԳԱûоʲôףǾĴЩ̫Ƶ
ȳ뿪֮Ǹʰʱû飬ͻصԼϢҡ
򿪹ԣһԵ־ͷ˳ȥκθ飬ûᵽκ˵֣ﶼûг֣էһȥĵģҲŪ˵ʲô
λֻߣкϵס
ܿ죬зĽͼʾѾת˻Ǹ߾ͳɾ˶Է¼
һ˵ѽղŵǶλԭ޵ȫǼʣǸ˲ͱŤ

ûȥ˱Ƚ϶ĵطԼȥȾƣû೤ʱͻˡ
ĿռңһԶ豸Թ۲ǿգҲС豸һҲ徲
һߣʣһڹۿǿյ豸ǰ˼ȴ棬򿪹ԣųЭ鱸ݣ˵һʽݡ
Լӡ棬Լǩ˽ȥͣЩƵġ
ЭɨȴȻסˣЭ棬ûдʱ䡣
һ£ҵ˿Իؼҵɡ
ûдʱ䣬Ҳ˵ȫԲЭ飬ǽ߶ԡ
Щӿ죬ʱŴˣ˼ƾʹס
ɱȺЩ˺Ⱦ˼ˣЩϢֲҷֹģ
תͷͿ磬ǰĹ߹ĳ翴ˡ
ǣһˣ
ӴֵһʮۣЦЩƦסվ
ûдʱ䣬ҡҿˡ
ڣԽԽСɳ绹ˡ
ſûһЦ¶һڰЦʮֲá
ڹϵ˼£ǷЭһ뱻ҳ棬ֽͬŻ򿪣ǩʱҪеݡ
Ǹλεʮֻ꣬ǰЦǶ⣬ǿڽ׵ݾǶǵһҪһ
ԹԵģҲ㲻á
ԴᣬҪ˹һ㣬ҲԿԼƢ⻰û˵
Ĭһ̧ͷų磬˵ǲǾͲҸˡ
ģƯ۾ƺſ˵ĺ棬ȴѳЦˡ
붼롣
Цһɴ˼                        


39

ά˹, ڹǡѩǵġ˼
Ρѩɽ, ʮͬһ㣬ѩɽ֮ϡ
ٴ׳, ǧʱѩɽ֮, ֻһɫϸ
ڷϸɽҰıѩ, ۶ѩһƬ, űϴĸ, ֿտԶ֮⡣
÷ųӷ
ȫǱȴޱµĿǱ⻽, ᲻ˣҲ˲ѹ
̫, ȴûжů⣬վ⴦ƽͣƺ, ̧ͷԶԶ಻ϵΡѩɽ¡
ߴΡѩɽƺЩ, Ϊʲô˻ὫɽΪǵ
ɽϵĺһ̹, ׻ûãҲû˫£͸˹ϸָЩ졣
ܵ˴ֺ, Ͱѿֺ׶ˡ
ҪѷñҲʱָ죬Ա߳ߵǰñ
̧ͷų磬û˵ʲôһôģ˻ϵѩʶˣһ·Цǰȥ
ղվ￴羰ûд䵽˶档
ףҲǣǰš
ǵĵһά˴˹ǣٷ֮ʮѩɽǣûдĺ＾ֻҲչһѩɽ򾰵㡣
ľƵѩɽ棬ҪߵµλãȻ³ɽ˳ǳһ£ѩɽ
е˴󲿷ֶѡһСξ룬Ҳά˴˹ѡһѵص㣬羰ܺãɽƱȽƽʺôһξ룬Ҳյĺõط
ԹԱţķ羰ܺã۾һֱϴĸоЩȻ֪Ϊ̫ˣȻ³ѩɽʱ򣬾ҪѻĿˣʱԲá
һٶ˵ĶʮɢͣͣģûգҲûͣѩͳߵмλá
ߴԶߵֻջżǰͿ˿֡ˡ
˧ûдñӣһͷɫ.ͷº񶼴˹â
ЦᣬɶȴСһӵϳһѩղȥ
вٱѩĺۼ޳ָЩ죬ЦݲϣִЩע⡣
ͳ֮ǰαװͬԺǱǸˣСʮ㣬ǸԼҲŬĹꡣ
Ҳ֪֡˲һǣϲǸСˣհãڻˣǣĽֺҲǺܺá
ԺǱ鲻ÿһϸڶдģ˵ֻ֪ݡ
ԿǸˣʶܣֹΪԷڻҹֵ顣
޷ӳѣ飬Ǻܵġ
ǸͿ֮ǰйԲڳ˻֮ȥ˿֣鱻
Ϊֺ֮Ĺϵǵ鷳ȥ۸˼ҡ
ЩһеĿʼ룬ֻҪٺ͵ЩнЩкͷ֮УӦûƽ
ߺܿӿǱ˻˼ӿûбֳĿƽһηֳֵֻֿҲС
˵ˣпֵţ΢΢𴽵Ķûб֡
ǰߵĳʵһֱ
֡ǱߵĶͦ󣬲˶˼ۣҲͻأܿջĿ⣬šüͷչ
뷢ⲻ
ͳ糬Ǽѩ˺󣬳ȻȥҸ첲Ǳһ£ѩء
ѩɹʱһʱͲˣΪֻѩûôţֻʶһûжȥ
Ǹû°ɡ
еµʱͷһۣȴֿ֡һǸε߹Ǹ
ͷɫ.ͷ΢΢˧˿ת֮΢΢Щȡ
뿴ֲŷ˫۾Ư㡣
ǽĴ뿪󣬿Щ˵İԣҲ֪֣ų顣
Ǹ
û˵ٴδǸζ˵
ڷֳòú󣬿˵˵ǸĻʮֳϿңϾҲˡ
û¡
ڷǿֲСҵ֮ʵЩļ£ԼĺͿֲʲôֻ˵ôһ䣬תˣûкͿ˵̫Ļ
̬ȵĮ֪˵ʱģֱȽСֵȻдۿۡ
תߣûκҪ̸ͷͦӵģû˵ĿЩεվ
ƢͲôãˣڿֿʱ
ԭûʲôģֻһСѩѣֺʵһ˵ֵۣҲֲأǸʮֲˬ
ʱ˵תߣֻøȥٴǣ֡
һ仰ֶ˵̬óͬʱЩɻΪԸ
ˣ翪
ҡҡͷ˵ûУѩ˲۵ġ
ô˵Ъ˼
Ȼ֪Ϊʲôе㲻֡ˣԳ˵Ǹı֣һѩѣҲΪȥ鷳Ȼֻһѩѡ
µλþǰ棬Ѿв˿ʼ³ˡ
һ³ɰ˸ˣѾһռһ³Ա飬ֻҪ˸˾Ͷȥ
һ³ûҪϣԱ͹ر˲š
³ƽȵĳǰƶڰûκҡεĺۼԭЩŵûô£ղԶԶ³ɽߵʱ»ҡΣΪɽ
³ȫҲǣŽŵµ͸壬ûסİѽ̧ЩƺǲҴŵµĲڸɾΪһŲȿյȥ
վԱߵĳժ˿ֺףĶЦ
¾ͲҪ¿
Դ˵ŻǴ³Ŀ壬ŵµ͸ͱģľʵذ壬ͿѩɽԨ
ľʵذЩ̤ʵŰѽŲ档
ұͲˡ
³ֻˣԱ£֪Сﻹ¡
ҲĻᣬ˵žͰֱӱϡ
֪±С£ɳһֳ䣬һͰ˶
ڱ˵Ǹ˲䣬ʹĸоûУʮɡ
ƫݣеģ籾ͲʺܺãǴСģʷ˵Ƕġ
ܵʱЩɱضˣüǰһͻǼӱѵͷΪѵóȥӣɴûбӳѵԱһ˵ʲô
³ůͣҲժ˿֡
ժͿףѹ˹һǣʮܡ
³ƽȵѩɽƶɽͷ£濴ѩɽľɫ
Ǳɧţʱʱһ£ͷǰѺĴЦ˵绰ˣ͵ЦţЩ񫡣
ʲô˱ڻֻҪֹ֣ƺ֪Լûа취ǳַŵλùˣȻͲЩͽ͵
³װͷⶼǰȫʩһ˿ʲô飬רŵĹԱڵһʱ䷢֡
֪ͷԳ׺ͷֵĶУûǸȤ˿ţ˿
Ǹ༫Ϊ˱Ż§§̬ܣЦⲻϡ
ڼҵ˹֣ڿʱ漴ͱԹĿ⣬޵Ť
ڳһ֮󣬼ҵҲ̲ˣ͵ؾʹվֱӾͰԶ̿ť
عͷֱը˿ѩɽһ죬ʲôȻѵ
³ڴѩɽԨϷʱͳ֮΢ըενʮºֱը˿
Ҳˣ³˿ǰ淢һУ˶ޱȣм׹ȥ³Ҳ֮µȥ
ͬһʱ̣Ĺ¥̶ľ쳹еطһ¶ѣ⣬Ѿѡ
ҵǸû˿ңҴ˳ȥñѹĺܵ͡                        

40

ѩɽľ쾪, ³ըƬ˷ȥֺܿ쳯Ԩ·׹䡣
쳹ѩɽл, İȫԱھһɳ˾ԮͶ顣
ϵԨ׹£ѾԨϷȥ³ⳡл, ûеԨС
ʱ, ³Ľȫװ, оԮҵ, ֱӰ³˰, ³ž˸ѩĵ棬³׹ˡ
³׹ٵһӺ, з˹ʼӪȡ
ԨϷڵ³, Ѿ׳Ƭϣã
ѾԱѸٵֳһ, У˾߲̿ᣬ׼Ӧⳡ¹ɵۡ
ڹпըǰطŵһĻ, ȷ˵ݺ󣬻λϵ˼̱ԭء
, Ҫⳡը޹أҪ׷һӲ
ڳ³, ۿǰ³ըҲˣֱֱԨ׹ȥ
³ȥŹԱ͵ײڲϣ׹ĸоǶŮ
Ȼڵȥһ˲䣬³֮ĽƶϵͳԭΪҪϻȥ³ڿ͵ͣҡΣʮΣ
³ҵ˳ԨϿкüܷ֡
ӱըڣҲǶ̶һӵʱ䣬ɱȴֻһô
ҲʱһĨɫĹԨͻأķ˳ٶȼ졣
ѾȷϵļʻԱ̧ͷϿȥǼɫڸ߿ͣסͷ
ڻ档
ղŷһйھգôһ룬ûڱըУҲȥѩɽԨ֮С
ըεεεļٵʱһʱ̾ͲΣգϵĻ׿ռť⵽Σպ
ڼըһ˲䣬ϵķص׵ͬ˸ɻбըƬڻ׻ûȫʱ򣬳
ӦʱƫͷȻЩƬͲǲȥôˡ
Ψһ̳˵İȫò˵ʮҪǳ粻ϲڻ߰ȫˣһֱгҵĿзİȫװá
绤Ż󱳵ױöK31΢ը.ը٣¶ķҲˣһƬֱֱԨȥ
׿޸ҲòˣѾס׹ĳ
ٿŻ׻ȥ߲мѪۣͷҲС
ϵ˿ѪͷҲΪԭɱģЩǱ
ڲĳ䣬ڸλϵͬˣղ׹Ӱʼͷ
һߣǱŵ˼㣬û˿ʧı֣û˵Ҳûпɫ԰ס
˼ʻλϵķʱ䵽ʵ΢΢Ų֪ʲôʱͷɵ촽Щ٣ŻعɨڲȷѾ˰ȫĵط
תͷȥ磬ϱ˺üͷҲѪûյĴݺ͹ʣЩҪֻҪ˻žͺá
׶ݷѾˣϵ˺ۣʱûзơ
ըನ˱Ƚϴ𵴣ʱ̫ˣ絽ڶлУֵԨ뵽ж຦£͵С
ͻȻ飬˵綼δ
Ϣȣ޳ָǰͷ¶Ķͷ
ȫѪִӿ̨޾һѣЩѪüͷ壬ӽ˴С
ҩӼʻλ͸Ϸ޸ϵƣҲбƬĲˡ
ը̫죬Ѿסûܽ˶
ЩűըƬмǿĳɢ˷ɽģˣҺãֻһЩˡ
֪£һֹص˹滹ʮ׸߶ȣֻҪƽؾͺãסڷϵ֡
ֱһӣڻѪͰַŵ˸ǰĿ̨ϡ
ϵͳԶʶ˵Ĳλ̨ͬҩ˳ֶڵҩ֮С
ջֺ󣬸ϵϾĸˣͬʱյϢҲ˳ȥֹǽϸȫԱͻ˸˹֮ǰĸĲҵ˶߸ϡ
˵ͨѶսͨɾʱһ̶֪ʲôط
Ŷ䣬ʹֹ࣬ǻΧ׵ķΧڣ˶Ӱ쵽ˣǸԺоҪըһ
ֹииŻһͬ
ʧ飬ϵͳ䰵ϵͳȡ
ǿţ˻׵ֶģʽӰ赲ڻ档
׹ʾһܷʧأڿдת޷ͣײɽϣۿžҪ׹١
簵һٿŻ׾ͳǼܷ˹ȥ
ڼʻԱѪĭѵ̧Ҫ¿ƷɾԼ֪ˡ
һ룬Ķվͱһֻ޴ƿʧطļʻԱֻ׾ץס
·Ǹ֮ϵ³ʱɫ˳¶ѵһΣ³һ˻ȥ
ѩɽ֮УΪ˰ȫοͻᾭĵطѷ׮˽ȥڷΣʱйһγһž޴̮ѩȡԮοʱ䡣
ڸղűըʱ򣬰ȫѾһ𣬵ɫľʹڰѩɽ֮ϡ
Ǹƻ˸ϵͳҲȫġ
翴ЩѣѾԱҲˡ
ֹͣһ˲һֳƵ˶֪ΣҪˡ
Ҳʱͣ¡
˻ûѾȻ̽ҹرգ÷ϵĹҹס˿գҾȫشȥѾȻ࣬ʱ׼ӦΣա
ǰ³ûΣֻߵ¶ѣǰ³ڰȫУǰһ³ѾԶԶʻɽ壬ǰȫˡ
ûг׶Ͽ˶ӽ˽ŲѾѻļʻԱ³ڵϡ
Σ˲࣬ܿ߰˼ܷľԮ֮գ
ʻŻҲ˿գղź;˶ϵͨѶʱɶԷ˹

󺹵ĳڹֽͣϵĺˮ
ɺĻû˵ڣ׾͵زһöڵĹ
һܵɫĻ׳Ұ˫תΪǹ.ڣû˿ԥųĻ׾Ϳ˻
Ǽܵɫ׽
ѩɽȻһѿڣҲ赲ѩΪ֮ǰѩͷĸΪңǧ˻ųɽ£ٶȼ죬ҲƲɵ
˵ͨѶˣһͨѶ𣬳Į㣬ǽͨˡ
硣
гһƯЦˣҵڻһֱڹԷ˿û顣
˹
ĮؿŹˡ
̵ʱڣ͵ڻ˹ﰲѳѩ֮Уɫױǵصѩû                        


41

޴ѩХ, Ӹߴɳ۶£·һжƻ
ǿĳƻݻǰһ, Һ˸ɽû
³ϵʣ, ڱը֮, ͱϵľԮԱ÷ˡ
ѩ˳, Ĳߵķ˲, ʻԱס֮󽫷˸ߵĿ, ʱѩҲͣ
ӿиѩɵƻǿɽ嶼һֱˡ
ɫֹͣƻ, ղ³˶٣ڷпĳþû˵, һֽٺĸо
뱬ըص㲻Զĵطһܵɫͣڸ߿֮, оİȫ˷ͼԷǼܵɫ׻Ѹ, һʱûа취
磬֪û
˹ѾڵĹ, ȻƵˣƵϵͳ
ݵȻָٿŻףûκԥ, ڻǼ˺ˡ
Ȼ˹԰׵ɫͶͷϵ亹ȴ¶ݻײɵ顣
׵ĲҪ˹ﰲô꣬ǸʷȫȲԵˣô̵ʱô飬Ѿǿˡ
ûǿˣɳһСͶսе⣬󲿷ֶͨѵɵģ˹ڼģѾ󲿷˵
ǾѾҪ͸֧ҲԶģʽ˹ųǱߵĻػóԶսģʽṥΧеĿ꣬һ
Ƶϵͳûκλش𣬹һƬֻӳ˹Ų԰Ť
һƯڣΪĲش˹һС
ɳĻ˶һΧסǼܵɫס
˹˱ۣǹԹŭѹ£֣Ϳϣλ׿ʼԶ
ɣһ
磬㲻˵Ժֻϲһ𡣡
ҵǶõ壬һֱкúñ棬˵һͱõ塭
Ļ˹û˵ڣƵϵͳһǱˡ
˹ͳͬһеǸˡ
ʹ࣬˫ס΢
ѩɽ֮ϣжʮ˰ΧǼܵɫף˫ڻ๥һʱ䶯ܴ
ƽ˹֣ĿƽϵͳĿ壬ҩѾȥһ롣
˹۾ģǳǳЦ⣬˸裬ֽö׷ٵţ˸ղų类ѩĵط
Ȼ粻Լֻܱˡ
׷ٵѩбըǼɫȻûг֣˹
ʮˣֹоģгǽϵģΧ˹
ͣ˹òעϣ룬ڼ֮ǰ
ɫ׵Ĺ¶ƣ̬ѸͣתʱһĨɫȻӺصѩ˳
ɫ׷Сһͻͬɫĳ֣طɵɫһնǼܻ׵ұۡ
ʧȥһֱ۵ĻڻҲһ룬ɹϵͳӦֱָɫס
ٿŻѸٲЩڻȥʱն˹׵ۡ
һöѵ緢öѵͺܴȻҲСںм۸񳴵ͦߣû뵽˹ҲŪˡ
粻òȰöѵ׷٣һֱûڻ𹥻˹ʧȥ˫۵ĵɫ׻ûзŹ
öڵȥ˹Ҳ˲˵ĴڣֻǼɫףЩ˵ĹϮ
ƽ㣬˹ɫ׷ܹϵЦҪųˣܸһȥ
˹뷨ջ˿ա
Ǽɫ˺ʻպ˹ͱ״ץ˳ȥ
ɫĻױ˺ɺü룬ʧȥ˶ϵͳӸ߿֮׹䡣
˹߬ڻУɵһƽɽϺͱ˵ϣһѩǱѡ
ֳڵϣ˹̧ͷŴӾ޴ĳ磬ųһЦ
磬
ᣬͷЩУ۾һգգؿų硣
վ˹ǰǸǽˣġ
þöûˣҺ㡣
ڵϵ˹ᣬǰٻ˵ĻҲмȥֺһˣɿ֮󣬲Ծ˵ˡ
ȻЩĳȴ޶ԣʲôû˵ֻǰѾ˵ˡ
ûκλش˹ûˣˣ뵽ǸˣԹų硣
֪㲻ңɽԺֻҵġ
˹˵ֽµĿڴ֮УһĻĳ̾ǰ˹жöը˦־ӽԱߵ֮С
ը쳹ϵ˾ûһ
ʧȥ˹ˮ˳䷢ѹֵĿų첲
ղʱ򣬾±ϣڳڿ˹ų磬ȥͬھ
ֻǸʲˣһ˦ĽھͰ˹ק˻ȥ
ſң硪
ԼĿ޺˹зߴקĳ硣
Ǹȹʱ򣬳һֿǯס˹󣬷ӦʮѸ٣û˹򵽡
ɿ˹죬ǰǱһѣʱ˹˾롣
ֽס˹޴˹˹ֱӰסˣ˫ֱǰ档
Ż׽Ųµ˹ۣų磬Ѳǰߺ޲ѣ鶼ŷŤ
˹ﷳ겻ѣӶͳֱӵϡ
ϱըƬ˵˿ѾҩϣɳֱڶûѪڣǱ
ôȥ
ڵϵ˹ڣţû취
磬ƭң
˹ʹַųˮ䣬ںһ
ƭҡ
ظ仰֪ģһֱƭɻǱƭˡ
͵Ϳ˹ų̵ĳ磬һ˲ϤĶǰ
ǰųʱ̣ܿ޳ָ֧л³ɫƦ
糤̫ã˼޷ѣôֳ֮С
磬ˣϣΪȼŵ̻Ҷǵá
˵ϲ㣬ָ㶼𣿡
˹ٿֻʣʱϲŤıҲ𽥻ָų⡣
˹˵ʱ򣬳罫ڵϡ
ȼյͷӽѩꡱһ΢춯ѩ۳һС
̻Լ˵뿴֮壬ֲֵµȥģҸŵġ
õҴӱ˻ģġ
㣬Ҵû˵ģˡ
翴ŵϵ˹Į
û˹еıŭɾ䵭˹״Ԩ֮С
һжһԸ룬֪ģǸ쵰                        


42

ȫֵ˸, ںͳ󣬽˹˳ǽѶ
Ǽܷ, ˻׵ļʻա
һͿַڿ̨, ƺЩš
״, Ųס, ͷ򿪹, ֽղŻڲļط˳
һ, ʲôû˵ص˼ء
ﾲĵģһʱ˶û˵
Ĭһ, ˼ʻλ
Һûʲô
û˹ʱĵĮƺЩ, ˵ô㣬ڱĻ԰, Լûκá
ڸʻϣҲû˵ܰ
뿪׵ʱ˻Ļ, ûס֮ǰ˹Ļ, ڱѩʱ
ʹĻ˹ĶԻ
ʵ˹ͳ˵Ļ࣬ɾô䣬֪Ĺϵ
ĳиְ, ֪ۿ˹˹˵Щ֪Լô졣
̻ҲŹȻûõ㣬ɳȥ˺ܶطܶʳЩΪ˹ûʲô
Ψһвģǳû˵ϲ
кȻң룬ĶԳףǲǻᱻܾ
񣬺пܡ
ǰҾͺˣʱҲ˵ˣҹҼΣûȥΪס
翪ڣ˵˻ףǽķȥ
һֱû˵ֱ΢΢˿ϴЩ΢ʸС
׷ɵǽϣڳǣȥʱ΢΢¡
ʶģڶܡ
״ĵûзƢջ֣鵭ģȽ˵ݣȥСĿһۡ
ղŶܵĶӦʵҲе¡
˷ҵԡңԡС
ˮžԼǱģѪڣɫҲ԰ס
ͷϵѪϴɾˮϴ
˲أЩƤˣ˿֮ǰҩ¶ˣ׼壬ȥҽԺ
ˮƺѪϢϢ˺ܲմѪЩ𤻬üĿЩýϴɾϵѪۡ

Ѷҵķ˹ﰲңƯûʲô飬ĹƺϨˡ
ⳡѶ֪Լûа취ɱ˳磬һ㣬ʲôʲôʱѲں˻¡
ֻѶԱ߻ⳡըϮûᲨ޹Щʱ˹Ц£̧ƤӺѶԱ˵ûҲں
һƯȴ˷ˣѶԱĬһ˲

Ѷ˳УĿ̻ҸѾкü̵١
ϵͳһֱţԿζûжǺˡ
Ƿ︽˹ļͥʷĸ׻о༲
Ȼ˹ûлϣ˵ЩںĻѶԱǲ˲Ĳʷûв鵽ʲôĸ׵Ĳʷϻһ͵˳
˹ǵһ֮ӣĸݵλҲǺܵͣҾס
˹ĸ죬˽ӣ˹ĸ׵ľ༲Ҳʱֵģŭ˹СʱҽԺָ˹βѣڳԺһֱ衣
˹ݵƢҲǱ߳ģˣǸ׳һ棬ɶ˹㲻ҲԸ⽿
ΪȥD۵˹ʵһʼ֪Ҳ²۹Ǹ쵰
ںüײǸ˺ֱͬʱʶ˴ǣߣ˹Ǻͳߵһ
Եʱĳ˵Ư˹ȷʵĿζ˹ʱֽݵóȤ
ʱ˹ûӦҲǷһΧ˵ı֮£һڶЩ˺Ů˿飬˹ͷ
ദĹУ˹ͶԴʱȫͬоų˱ʾȣΪ翴ȷʵ˹ڲͬ˹Ϊǳ氮
˹˵ϲʱ򣬳·Ʒ˳־һݣ˹ʱ򣬾Ȼ˶ɬǲԼġ
üûзϣҲûп϶ȴ˹ΪЦЦ˵Ĭˡ
ڣˣһ˹һǮԷǸ֮ӣǮ١
뵽˹Ը񣬳绹һ˹ʱ򣬸˵˿ʣֿ
˹ʱˣֽܵᣬڳǰ
˹ȴͷ緢Ϣ˵üζûеõκλӦûյϢΪ¾ôȥˡ
û뵽˹Ȼô
ַŹҲ˹ǰƲ飬³Ҳ֪Ͼڵǡ
һβУΪ˹ĳ֣óķҡ
˿յţһֱû
ߵǰҪƿŽȥԥţǷ֡

Ŵ򿪣ϵ˹̧ͷǳޱ飬к⣬ûþִ۾ǹһмЦ

˹е͵ţͷǺۿ
Ҹ˵ֵ顣
˵ߴӶͳŸղѶԱõӣ˹ǰֵһ̡֧
Ļϵͳʼת΢΢Ļ
˹Ĭţڳ֧̿ʱź޺޿ڣʲôûˣ
ˣһˣ֮ǰծ
ѹֲס˹˵⻰ʱʹൽ㡣
޳ָ̣û֪˹˵ףǸƲ֮ˣ޶鸾˽˭ûܣڵǶˡ
˹ĸ׼ı£ûбǮһֲף֮ǰһʣӵģЩŶ֪֪˹Ʋûٹע¡
Ǹĸף̫ˣ׷˵ǻѲż顣
Ц£˹˳磬Цúѿ
ˣӰӶҲַˣң˵ΪҲǶӲ鸾
˹Ц˵û࣬
̣罫̵ӽǽϵĴС
˹ѣų磬˹ЦЦ͸
磬Щǰ͡
ֱ׼뿪ĳͣס˹üͷ塣
㲻ϼң˰D棬û취͵ҹϵD绽ģҴҽȥû
˹˵ʱ򣬻Щ
ȦףΪһͺã͵ϡ
͵Цţ˹ɲסЩų˵⣬ץסѱ㵽Ʋʲôûˡ
֪ҴֹĻЩ˵Ļɳ磬˵˵ЩǲǶǰ͡
ҪΪ㣬Ҳ䵽³
ʲôûˣֻ˵ϲҡ
һֱĬĳڿڣɱҡ
ԣҲǾһֱһˡ
˹ϣЦŶԳ˵
ˡ
籡΢ţ̵˵֣˹뵽˸ղſйĸ׵ľಡʷ
ǣǷˣȫƵģ
Ϸź˹Ъ˹Ŀ޺ƺصڶߡ
翿ڷϣͨĵû߹ʱĶϨ޳˺ڰУֻ𲻶̻ںڰһһġ                        
лҪ˵иµԤճˣ촩ȤİæղأаУлл
ġ
װһϵͳҪΪµһ
ΪһǶŰŰģƹһٴݻ٣ˮ֮УٳHE֣ҲͿԹˣȡɾ͵㡣
ϵͳһͨڳŵ㹻ɾ͵㣬͸µѡһĻ׵ͷӦˡ
һδʼΪԼģһɣ
ϵͳҲ֮źװ׹ˣµһ
ıһ۾͵Уųǰ꣬˫¶峺Ĵ۾ĸζ˲
ѽϵͳ
ŴŴûסӶó˰ǣζġ
ŰǵװʼǰǣԷɪܺµӣʮ⡣
Ϊʮﺬ̵ת뿪ˡ
ŵ̧ͷīû˿¡

צһͨǣаԵ⣬ֵⶼдϣʣǲǺף²£ԺҪٲ
û˵꣬˵͵Ц
ţ£رס
˵ţ˵ͷ״ǣڣǲ͵ǳˡ
ȣ̧ͷ
״ֻðˣζҲס

С糡
ҹ𣿡
˸ҫŶͷƣ̧ͷ۾ڴ
һ⣬ͳ
빥㡣
ɬˣŴŴģʵҲ˵ɾ籾УȻ˼ࡣ
˲ðףŵͷף۾΢УʮΣա

ȻܹɷᣬһһϵͳһУҲʧˡ
뵽滹սȭͷԼһ磬һԹģµһɾͳƺţһõ


43

˹ĳֺľٶһӰ
ѵִѩɽƵЩ˻, ۿ³ըֵ̿ģǵ³±, һߡ
ǵǽ˵ŮŮƽʱôĶˣ, 浶ǹټ, οֱ, ЩĻ䡣
ûԱ, Сʱ, ǽϵƽ
ԭȥɳûнȥߵͨǱߵĴС
˶˸Եķ, ҪôѾ˾ƵУֻгһˡ
ϷŵǺѾ, ȥȡʱŷ֣˱һ
⿪˲ſӺ, žɿЩ
ɳû̹ĵû
Ƕ, ʱ䲻
̫£Ҳû谵, Ӱ֮У顣
һŷľƱͨƵͬʱҲ˿, ˴ĵơ
磬Ǳôˣ
Ѧ޺л޵ڹ
絽ѩɽƵһߵÿҲΪ簵˵Ҫ˾ʶȤĴŰˡ
֪Ҫ飬ŵȵڴʡ
ˡ
ģûʲô顣
Ǿͺã磬г̻𣿡
ͷѦͷʵԱлҲĳ硣
ô罫ԶЩֵ˱ƣ˫Ƚɢ
ͣһ£绹ǲһ䣺ʣҪȥ˰ǽ
ճ磬֪ˡ
Ѧ޴ӦţûʲôҪ˵ģ͸˵ҵͨѶ
˰֮УǱƺ󣬾뿪
Ŵ򿪺󣬳תͷͿڿɳбű˱ˮڿƬŵĺС
ʶ͹ͶǽϵĹƬʲôģʱ򶼻Ц

߹ԵͳЦ
ĲˮǰĲ輸ϣ˫סա
ԭɳû취ˡ
ĴָϲĦŵЦ⡣
żָϵĵ̲ζ֪ˣʱһһɾζֹ̣Ⱦˡ
ͷų磬û˵֪˵ʲôң̫á
ͷȥ
ݽڣǸ೤ǣ̫ỻڱſʱ΢΢
Ҳʱŷ֣˶ɳ޳ʵȷֻֿ࣬ΪֱӣҪߣƹˡ
ֻңҺıֱӽӴ
գƽϢһºֵͷȥ
ʱ䷢̣ȥ
ǣҲǵһΣ̧ͷţʶСһ£ŷſ
صĳſյ֣סףͷò˲䡣
Ҫԣһá
΢ĴϢ𣬳ͳЩң˵
˵󣬳¼ǣװ׾Ƥܺãġ
仰˵ᣬҲ׳绰в뵽˹˹˵ЩͺСġšһ
Ӧˣǽһ㣬һ¡
ȥԷ
ɳ˳ҲԶ׼ģȸղŽʱҪöˡ
ԹԸų磬ǣȥ
һ˼СʱѾ˴㣬ֻҪҵһĿ꣬Ϳ˳뿪ȥ벻ӦģңҲҪϲˡ
Ƿݼ¶ͻϲѾȥ롣
˹Ļͳ͹Щ˺ܾãԼ˹ڳһġ
ȳûȤˣܾͻ˵֣뿪
û˵֮ദس֮󣬾ͳ
˯ʱͻǳǳǱɴڵǣ̱仯ȵʮȻȴֻܱȳܡ
ڳûǿֵ顣
ͺ˻ɳϣ֮ǰûĶƬ
΢΢۾ų磬Щ⡣
뿴Ϳ㡣
Աߵ翡ϴЦ˳һڡ
ڳϣǸʵȵţǱСһơ
ʵЩΣ̫ͳִ췢˵ƣ
֮뿴ƬҲΪСѿĶûκηʹ˻еЩգƽ
СѼӺСĶԻڼƬС˹Ѿ˯ŵҡ
ŵϵʱˣ۾Ьϴȥ˯
ûϴ룬ɻҪȥϴϴ
վڴ˺ü£Цſڣģϴ˾˯
۾֣ڷֳĲԷʱһУһֱûҵ
ᣬٳƢǣصһ
ϴ㡣˵Ϊڼ֣ЭˣЬڴ¡
ԥ͵Цţ˵ģҲ㡣
˵ԡҲ飬õŵ˴ĵǵؽԡҡ
ԡԿ棬·ûѣųڴϣһ¶ûгԡ߿ľͷЩٵϴ꣬ϴ裬Ͽʵ˯£ʵʵģųȥ
ȳԡҳʱѾˡ
ֻԼĴͷƣӽڻҲǸס˻谵Ĺߡ
⼸ѾϤ˯˵Ĳ
ҪǿҲľͶôǶ棬˸Ƚƣ˯֮С
ڰҵξƺִЩը죬׹ԨֻҸٴθ֣ץסκζֹͣ׹Ķ˰գ޷̤ʵ
ȾƵĳ鶯һ£ˣؿ˼漴һ˫ĸ첲ӵ뻳С
جˣЩɳơ
һֻ˼£裬جξѺȴЧİοǰجεʱ򣬾ѺǶҶһ亹
ڳİο֮£֪ϲֹһˣһ磬ű۾˯ˡ
˺ƽȣ󱳵Ķͣ
ջȥĴָץ·֣翡ЩЦ⣬ղ۾ʱ־ץס·ǸʶĶ
ȡ˳硣
˯ˣչȥǡ
ڴʱΪ˹ĳ֣ó˺ܶ顣
˹ûʲôʵ˺Է飬ҵʱ־˵úҲƵķַѣ˹ȴƫִ˵ľЩԡ
ɼûжٸڣƭȷʵֻһʱˣǰЩǮʮ֪Ȥ뿪İһֻû뵽˹Ըġ
Ȼ˹˵Է߶Էıɱ飬ҲһһݣߵĳҪߣϾʱӦ죬Ͷ
翴˯ԹŵЦ⣬֪˼ʼֻƭϴ
ֺ۸˸һŰֽһŪᡣ
Щӹʶ׷ᣬֻ˳˼ʱ򣬾ҲӲˡ
ڹ廨ʱĳһֱ޷죬Ǹʱڵؼҡ
ദʱܣǳǰδйģûҫ۵Ư뿪˵֡
ͷˣڰ֮УȽʵĻһĪİУҵξС
ڵ޷ĺڰУһͨѶϵͳϻʱĵ粨죬ת˲š                        


44

˹, 
ɱԭʼòҵͿƼ, ԭס񼴱ǵҲǧ˿ڣԲʽɢ档
ڼǰ, ԭס⵽Ⱥ
򱣻Э, ЩҪӶԴ¶, һȻ, Ҳ֮, ˹ǵԭס滷õ˸ƣвк¼
򻮷ֳһƬԭסճᱻŵ, 롣
ڷϵ·ԭʼɭ֣Щɽͺ
ͬһӹ·һķ羰, ɵñȽϵͣʱ԰, ڡ
ɭָʺܸߣдеĸߴľ
ٷʻһ, Եĺǰ߻Ȼʡ
ԶԶ, ͿԶо޴βĴˮ棬Ǳȥˡ
֪ǲǴ񿴼Ǹ޴β߲ʵģܴ, ЩԼǲǿˡ
ɽţ޴βˣһûп߲βͣƯ¾ôԶˮ˱󷢳Ļ

˹ǼѾȥһˣǽڴά˹ͣ죬ͳûȥѩɽƵꡣ
ӦӦʼһУʮ־±ڸߴĸо³ϣǻԼȥԳͺǽϡ
Ԯǽ˲ٶ˵ǣ˸ǰǽ
ѾѩɽƵˣ󲿷ֶûѡصǣѩɽǱвȻۣ״̬ãԳǽͣ졣
ҽÿ춼赼Ѿȶֻ˯ʱżجΡ
Ӵά˹뿪ʱ򣬳˸߼ҽǽϵҽŶӡ
ĵСûиеͻᷳǸСˣʲôȴЩẦ
ôͣҲǳչӰ
·пΣյĵطѾȡˣ˹ﶼƽ̹ĵط
ɳ̲ЩǳɱѩɽҪȫ࣬ʱ滮·оͰˡ

ߺаɫĺ߷ɱУ峺͸ǳи߮ͣһ޼ʡ
򿪷ǰղ΢΢ʪζĺ紵˽˷˿ȴ泩
ʻλĳûк»ֵֻ̿еȫǺ뾪̾ҵķ˿¶ͰĶͷ
ʵúܺÿ㣬ʮͿֹ𣬳һԿˣҲЦ⡣
ɳ̲ҬֺһԺ䶥¥䣬Ҫסϼ졣
⴦ԺӸԺ䣬½зͣһӵġ
еĻǳ۸ȷʵˣдʮˣЩõ˵ûʲô
ų˷վʽݶ¿ԺһܴӾء
紵¶ûôߣķ紵ʮʡ
ǣ֣һ¥ȥ

ҲӾ
̧ͷԳ˵ųݸĶ̿
ǳ򣬲ˮҸøͰȥ񱴿ǣҴ㵽ʯץϺз
ͷࡣ
뵽ʲôԺǴǽ¹óʺӾ¡
ֻһ̿ӣʵµģϾˡ
˺һģӾЩŮԻҪ£Ҳв˱ȽϱأӾҲ
ڿǵһ棬︺׼ĺȫɳû¡
ѧӾĻҿԽ㡣
罫ӾݸЦһ˵ʮֱ档
ΪѵؿӾ㣬ܱǰɫģҲ̣ܾܶ
ԣһЩ
ͷΪѵӣϸһ˿Ц漴ˣ˵
˵꿴ûжͰƽԡɫ棬˵֮ȥǳҽ㡣
ԡţղȥʱ򣬻Ķ̿ùˣӾ¡
ĥĥģû·Ӿ£Ҫɫãɰɫġ
ɫʪ˺ͻ͸ӾµĻʵǲ֪ʲôǲİɣӾºͳʿЩͬ
ˣǲᴩĻҽ㡣
ԡĳͳ
ãԼԡ
ԡŶ˶ҪŶ룬ŵ̿ڣ˲Ľ
뵽ղɳ̲ϵЩˣŮŮıȽ٣Һ񶼲˵ʲôӦǳ̬ɣֻοԼ
ִٲ̧߳ͷȥ磬ͷĶ䣬õģҪס¶Ȳ
һֱĳ·µ¶ȱȽϸߵֻ˶䣬¶ĸ첲ȴһֱǳ㡣
·Ҫˡ
ɨȳưȣ΢ͷûп
ǿ֣϶䣬¶ƫİš
ܰףƤҲܺã⻬Ө󣬳·£ûм̫
ƫȴʮƯܺã֫ʮͣ߰˰
ȴʮֻţûô仹ڱǰ
ҲѧӾˡ̧ͷԳ˵۽΢ɤӶǶãܲͰ͵ġ
ȥɳ̲Ժѧûˡ
Щɳƣִܿ
£ûˣӾ¶ġ
ǲֻͷٴΰο
ڿֻӾ󣬶ȥпܱ˿飬Ҳ⡣
ڳİοյ£ЭˣͬӾµĳ¥
һӾԲôΪ顣
ңÿˣⲻţʵкܺãһ֪ܽʵűܰס
¥ʱΪǣ֣ҳǰһ㣬ĶԱһˣҪװƤҲá
վӾرϵʱ˼һַС
ѧӾʵûʲôе㺦³磬ԡҳʱָо
˺ܶ࣬ɾˣ˵Ϊ˵ʱ򣬱һûôϿҹ˵ѧӾá
ˮһǣߣûˮеʱƦƦĻЦһ
õӾһ.ȤӾ£ɫˮ֮ͻ͸ġ
ʶҪͷˮеʱ򣬳̾ͽһ˴ͳڣҽ㣬ȸˮϡ
̫䶼ˡ
ӾصĿ壬ˮϷӿˮĽȴģ⺣󣬱ȽΣܹѧᡣ
ڳĺ֮£ֲǱӾˮˮĽֻ΢΢̧ͷȻˮҪ۾ˣҲһֱ赲ߣûзִӾѱˡ
ѧӾ̣ʮģĽ˵ᰤ
ɳ˼棬ְôţ۸˵ռıһ㶼û¡
绵۵ĹɿǺһˮֽ˴ˮ̳ղʧƽ⻹Ǻˮʶץ
˳ƽ˱ʵĸ첲§
ʮڷղûѧõԭҪ£Ӵһ㡣
ʮصͷС˵֪ˣܹԣΪڹ
§§ģ׳£һ˼Ͳ˵
ﰵһ䣬˵͸Ͻɿʡ⵽Ӿ£ȻЩڣĥԼ
Ӿٴ󣬳ôڵ·ʹϣûѧãǺܿ췢ˡ
ͺߵɫһףȥ磬Ǹίѹ񣬿žܿ޳
翴ֲҿ޵ӣȫˮ⣬Ͱ͵ģ˲˵⼸֣һ
ǳӾرߵĴԡ˸Χס˵ѧ˻ȥ·Ÿ˷
һ죬û磬һڷΪ¹﷢Ӿ£֪ǹġ                        


45޸

ű, žʹˡ
۾̧ͷȥ߽ĳ硣
˯ڴ󴲱ش, ߱簵Щ
̫һƬٺɫ, ƲҲȾɸֺϵɫ, ͻһ, ˡ
˯ʱǺ, ûдڿյ, ˯ȴһ
󣬻ôѣͷ΢۾, ˯ӡ
ߵߵĳһѽǰͷһֺ
ûյ
ͳ, Թڴߣ˯ģ, ϵЦ⸡֡
˯ûͷ˵̧ͷȥ
Ӿ﷢飬ɫһ˲, ǼӾʲôסˮﻹ͸, ˡ
֮ǰԳȫûͻɣڼˣѿѹ
ң, ޷ֻϲѣǱŷ۸
ǳ룬ʲôʱ˵ˣ뿪顣
翴ͷɥղɫҲ̫á
֪ԼĹˣƤͱһ춼û緹ǻͽġ
֪ܻɳ粻ں
ȥѹڴϡ

һǣڡô
Ŷʼܵʱ򣬳ȴǵȤͣǣʱʱҧһա
µֹ𣬳ãҧһͬӨĶ
ҲǸ˵ҲˣҴ˻С
ɳƵĴöԸУòĻǰɤӣʮơ
ȺڶϣͬĴԣǰСˢһɨļϵ΢
Ӽĵһ֪黰һĻڶૣֻЩ̡
Ȼ뵽ֻǹϲ
˹ͱƭˣΪϲ
ȶȽ֪۳˵ʲôʲôΪЩ˲ö˼
Ϊпֻ飬Ӿ﷢Щ˵
ֻңڻǿ
˷Ҵȥ߼񱴿ǡ
һֱԹԵģһ˵Ҳ
˺Ů˾ϲɵ飬֪ˮ飬ںҲֻȥ񱴿ǻץһЩϺз֮ġ

ɳ̲£ϸɳǶһɫ
̫ûȥɳ̲ϵ˲٣оưṩˮҲھưڨ졣
Ŷ̿䣬ϲЬǣٵĵطȥ
һֻŸɫСͰӣ滹һѺɫСӣСɳõġ
ڱҵģ񱴿ǵĻҪиװţȻôȥ
߸ֽʵĳһСͰСͰıػԲԲĺɫС䣬Ī͸һַȸûôע⡣
ܲš
үһ룬ԼˣͰﻹʲôûУᵽ˿ԺԲơ
ɿȽ峺͸ĺˮϺСˬˮ
վǳԶ̫ббߣˣԶдֻ
ͷȻ࣬תͷȥԱߵĳ硣
һֻſһöɫαǣƯɫҲղŴϸɳҵġ
š
װźܲͷӣ֣ѱǷŽ
ղվԶϡ
ںöǣۼ⣬һͷˡ
ɳڳ˳ںˮϴϴ̧ͷͿվһ׵ĻУְ
紵·һֱڿԶ̰ǰ
˺һŻع
ߵԣΪԻƵĹ߱ø͡
ɳڿǸ󣬾ͷ
ҲΪղŵ龰óȻһֱ֪ʲô
֪ô£͵ͻȻЩڣ߿˵ǱŤ֮ǰЩԴ³ذѱǸ
Ӳı֣ԼĪͷıʱ죬ȴ֪ҪЩʲô
绹ʲôû˵һͬĪĴܸУ֣ͷֱίʱ֡
ﻹûˣүԼղŵЩֵֹϤƲԺչȥ촽һڡ
Ϊ߻ŵ۾Цˡ
вٱǣһЩҴȥǱץϺз
ԵͳĴʮöЦ⣬˵ԲԲ϶СͰΧ
ƯǣղųſֵʱǸִŵЦı飬ﾡᡣ
һжġ
˼ǱһıǷŽСͰ漴ΧѰġ

̫ɽܿͲˡ
ɳ̲ϵɲ٣ʱſʼ֡
ü𶼵ȼʩԶɳ̲㹻Ĺߡ
ԭʼǰ裬Ǵһֹϼݱ赸Ƕеʮ㡣
ͳվһտǰѾźͳ֮ǰڽʯǱץĶ
ԷʱⶣҪ̫࣬ΪڣմӺץϺзʮùĵζƷ
ۼֿ죬СͰĺʼץģǳͽץ㡣
ʱȼˣԼվˮץ㣬ϧһζûгɹͷͽץһѵ飬û뵽羹Ȼץˡ
Ķܷḻиֺʣӽʯļзҵ˺ʹ֮СĵشӼзźļ˳
˹һũҵ򣬺ס½֮ǰδۼôƯĴ󺣣ôƯĺ
ȻάģӽǿԿ侳ֶܵص
ȥͳ֮ǰЩ˵ʵǺܿĵġ
緢ϵЦ⣬֪ˣҲɱѩɽЩطҪöˡ
СͰһԣտϵĺʶˣ͹˿أһֻƴϺӣųĺ봵˼º󣬾ְǡ
޳Ưָȫֿصϲ֮С
ǣΪẠ̊́ȥտãõĺζʣҲһͱ̵ˡ
հõϺŽü֡
Ͳܵȵȣ
θߣе㱩꣬ѵüͷ壬̺һָ
ֻ֣紵˴̵ĵط
ôһüۣЩССίΪ̵ģϴ̧ͷ
۲ۣ粻ͷؿڣ˾鷳ȴһֱֲš
ҡҡͷС˵ˡ
ʵֻ̺һ㡣
˵ŷſ֣ǸӷŵԱߵϣʾ档
𶯡
֮󣬳վ˵֣£ڻõֻϺгС顣
껹òӲһֱӵݵߣԽȥ֮ŷµ棬ӵտȡЩõĶ
ĻȥˣҪǱˮҲԡ
ԹԱ߳Զղŵı겻У±ǰѺĴ˵ļƻ
ԶĶһ£ˡ
תͷԱߵĳ˵µʱ򣬾ͿһȽϤߣǰ
ͷɫͷľ£ɫ۾ʮƯ󣬾΢΢̧°ֽͣݰԡ
˳߿˹ȥǰ֮òԵسԷ˵ͷת˹
ƯҧҧУ
ôܵĵͷǴкˣ࿴һ۶ûС
ɫ˵İͳ֮ǲ뵽ģڣȴֱӾ˹
һɴźɫװĸߴ˸һͰװץĺʣҲ׼տġ
˵ɳ̲ϵտǲǹõģͳСʶô꣬ųܸߡ
ȻڷְĿտ֮ȷʵûи˵ΪֻǹȥѸղһ𿾺õĶŽ
ԭΪҪ˵΢΢̧°ͣʢ˵׼
á
ȷʵ˵ˣ˵Ļȴ䣬˵ߡ
ˣᣬɰô˵Ǻһ𳤴ģСʱ򻹸溰磬ҲûЩһĮ㡣
ߣ
İӱǿһʾǿҵĲΪνĹУǼΪʧġ
΢΢üƢֻ˺ܲ
Ҳ£ǳתˡ
İɫڣԴϴα޺ȷʵһȺС
ɸղһüۿ˶궼˧Ҳôãиߵĺɶһ֪ģҪǸڣͿʼзˣ
һ͸ˣȻȲһˡ
ضտصİһʹ޳һ棬ÿοſ̲סҡ
Ҳһ嶯߹ԭ򣬵ȻҲ֪ϲƯģû뵽һڳ˱ڣ࿴ġ
үЩ
ĸߴڿڣص˵ĵڡ
תͷȥżӲͦ˧ûʲô顣
㣡㿴Ҫģ
ݵСүԼһ㶼붯֣һ齻˱ڣڸߴ˰˹ԡ

ԶǱߣڸ񵽵Ǹ
Բȣ
ɾΪԷһԼ˿ڣӸһ顣
ǳճԹģԥţɿûлӵ˼ֻܽ˹ȥ
Զڴ߳Ա߿˹ȥȺз˿֡˵Ӱ
ԭеţһֱڱͶԷڿһ֮ջߡ
ĶǿǰＸúʹõĺʡ
ôʳתͷڳ翴֮üۡ

ɳ̲ûЩɽΡ׳ȴһС
Ҳ⼸֪Ϊʲôܻӭľǻкɳ̲һĵط
ȷʵȥˣ߸ݵ˱ڳ˰ϣЩͷ䡣
˹ڳ米ϣֽŲãԼ˦ȥ
û£űĶ䣬Ըܵ󱳽ʵļ⣬ʵ
Щڽ˺֮ͺˣΪΧȫǺˮò˵Ȥ
ʱ˵һ£Դ󲿷˵Ǻܿġ
ڿ̮澰֮ǽǷɻء
һ¹ȥϾ͵·ݣȥ֮󣬳վ͵ˡ                        


46

³, ǵˬ
ջصû죬յ, ֱعĳᡣ
ǿ˹, ·ݻٳһʱ䡣
ڻ¥¥, ˬķ紵, , ȷʵ, ȴޱȡ
ǰĹͣ棬ƽ
ÿƽǱߵԵúò, ȴؼҵ飬ҲҶ˵˹ǵЩ, ҡ
Ҳֻʱܸһ, ǼҿǷƽʾ£Ҳûж˵ʲôܵ顣
岻, 䣬֪ڻָĲû˵ʲô
֪, ҪǴӳõЩõ㣬ָô죬ǮЧõҩӪƷ
ƽһǰСģҲ, ϵĲôƵ
ѽڣֹˣüܿա
ָ˵ˣ˵ǽͿֱȥ֤ڻ񣬵顣
ĵĲԸɳ𴲺ͱˣ˺ܾõĻû˵
ʽĸ׺ͼĸҲˡ
Ѿţϴξͼˡ
ü׵ӲͦͿʣм
ֻǳǷϺͲЦÿ˧ͳвͬģǰλûʲô飬òӲʣϼˡ
òʵǸʤһģҪ˵ƣھ˸ӸһѹȸС
֤±Ƚϼ򵥣ɱ˴ŻоƬоƬȥͺã˵úɣ׼á
˵ȴһҲܲԸ飬֪ԺŵҲʺˡ
¥ǱΪ͹˻ˣӶ˶ǽ
û¥ת¥ߵĻһ㣬³ȥ֤
¥ʱԼϴˤ¥ݣ£ҴҶĽŲͷŻࡣ
ֻ̬ҪҲͿԱȥ֤£϶Ƕá
ϧĽŲ̻˿գ׵鷿󣬷ڷ䣬ڸۡļҵ
ϵͳ˵֣ؾת̲һӣԳ˵׾٣ҲûڶֻΪ档
˫˵ģ¡
첲Ӻס翴鲻
δԳκһ˵Ҫ֤飬֪Ҫǰ˵ˣǸĸһԴն࣬ʱ֤һ죬ĺϷ¡
չȥ£ſڣû飬ȥ֤
˵žҪЩȲӡ
˵ʵżȥ֤ʮֲ⣬֪粻ϲȴΪ顣
һ룬Щ
ûֻԱ£۾΢㲻Ը⣿
תͷ۳磬ӵģС˵ǣֻ֤̫ˡ
ıѹ˵Ը⣬ֻܷϵ
ʮ꣬Ҳǣ̫Сˡ
˵ʱСų磬гƣ̾˵̫磬ԡԵԺ󡣡
ѧû꣬Ÿտʼ
ż³ȥ֤ʾ֭ɡ
Ա߿ţ󣬻ֿͰ͵Ծھܾ
һܹԣû飬óҲٷƢ
ʵ˵Ҳûеʮͽ飬ȷʵ̫ˡ
飬֮ǰûҪô硣
粻˵ҲӦֻ˵ţҪ˵硣
Ҳǲԣ
һӾͽųĿתģ˵
ЩʾȻ׼ôãܲ˿ա
绺ڣͳָһֺôʱͦԵģֿ̫
˵׼ôãʵҲѹûе飬˵֤ѣǸʱȻֻһʱ嶯˵⻰׼ûþͽˡ
Գ˵ֻҪ˹ԹԴߣڣǲԸá
лתأ˿ֻҪɿھͺá
ʾе㷸ˡ
ǲ֪˼е£飬ôȥ
˺һ̧ͷԱߵĳ磬ڳӡһ£ܿͳˡ
ؿų磬֪Լܲܳɹ
ʱľǽϣǻôҲᷳϲǣŻ
΢ΪһЦ⣬ܿˣڣ
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Ӧÿ˰ɣ۰ͰͿų硣
Ҫȥֱ֤˵
ɲüֻգҸ뿪ȷʵϿҡ
û취ֻڳ籡ףȴû⣬Ŷȥó֤ͷ
ֱ˲죬ȥ硣
ա翪ڣؿһǸ۵

δҪ⻹ǵһΣԳ˵ʱô
ҳǰǲôںЩģмһᡣ
նô£һȺαľһ𣬽û˼ôԸȥֻ֮ǰ뵽յ˾֤ܺ˺ܶࡣ
㶣ڿɫ֧֧֮ؿڣûѡá
ССͷûȥ磬ſӱԵŵò֪Ҫô졣
ǰŻصǣڴѧǱסһֵ˹һֱڵ֤飬˼ûйķϡ
ȷʵҪһҲѣ뵽ʲôУЩǮڵҲʲôõ˵Ļе³
ڵǸųôʱ䣬֪ƽʱԵõĶǰļλ
ʱ䵽ˣһ뵽֤飬ͿռˣһֱҪôܾ飬һֱûпʲô
ǲˡ
䣬ӣһѪ
ʻͷˣСĿڸǸԲ𡣡
ǳˣûзϣһĳҧгݵĸо
ûҲСĪĻ˵ߴյߣѺĻ˵˳
ҡ
ߵĵʧ룬̧ͷ磬ȫǻҡ
ôţûϴЦ⣬˲
ҶˣϴβҲˣ֪ô
ЦԴ
˵ǽϷ飬ǽǿﺽУûȥԼ˹ԡ
÷Ӷ˳󣬳ͺȥɳ
ԵȥˣΪʲô飬ùõģʽӺ濴
ȳһɳϺ󣬿ĳ̾ͺͷȥ
ɳȴоƬλã̾ʹУֽҵоƬɳȴֹŴ
۸Ĳ޳ֹ˹
֮ǰͽʱ򴫸ģ˵ǰ׼һʲôҲ֪֪ʡıǸС˰²ۻá
ѡƬӺܲǲ۾ֵĶϳˣݣ˵йоصĻ̳̣ûô߰Ķ
ڵеľʹˣҲ̫ϲ˵˳ָ롣
֮󣬲£һİ˽й§ڻ۸һͨҲûʲôǹҲ֪룬ȴӲֻȥģҲЩܡ
ڵľͺʵû٣һֱͷ߱۾ֻıȽ϶ࡣ
һط䡣
ỬЩˣ˵
ʱĹǹܼң벻գ˲ˣȷʵȽæһ㣬ֻԴ뿪
˳˳ҵͷɫеףղŵȶȣĻˡ
ڳ뿪󲻾ãûҪôܾˡ
ˡ
ź̾ʹվԽš
촽űƵлҪޣЦЦߵǰγһ֧ʵķɫõ塣
˹³Ҳ֪ˡ
˹ؿڣһƬõ廨ĥ
;еʱ֪˹̣ĸ׼ȡ֮£˼£ҪΡ
ɱɱδ죬ǳˣԺ·̫ܲߡ
ڵҵڸλõĿɽĹʼջз¼ЩڵЩνϲȦҲ㲻ʲô¡
֪ﶼʲôǽϵʱ򣬳ǩ˼ļ֪ǹ˹ģɳݣûи
ѶƵ˹˵ںЩ޹ǣˣȷʵƫִҲ֪ôȥˡ
˹ųʱ񣬰Ľ
˹³֪
ĬķӦŹЦЦûã촽΢Ҫ뿪ҡ
˵仰ˣһ                        

47

ǸųҲϯ, һεᣬ˸, ҲҪЩ
˻ҳԱǻԾھͷǰǼϤ, Ȼ, ˵, νϤ, ǰϼ
еֺͽ, ڳϡ
һڹȦˣ֪Ƣã˺ܶŮ, ϳʱҲô磬Щ, ҲȥӦˡ
ĶΪйǰơ, ϱܿЩ˵˺Ůԣֱ뿪
Գ˵ȻӦǿп޵, ͳЩǳ, ҲЩΪ
ųſ½ʶȤ뿪ˡ
Ȼǳǰ·ĵ·ʱ˵û, ֻû˿ɡ
ÿһεᶼҪµ˵ʼ֪ʱЩ⣬ú˷ѣֻܴһε·۸񻹺ܹ󣬿ɳ˵ҳҲǣÿһεỻ
СΣһװƷһöҲ֮ǰǸ
۵Ľȥ䣬߾ͺŶˣԷٱʾ⣬촽һЦˣֻͬ˸ٱĶ
԰칫˵Ļò˵
ĽǱɳԹȥˣûкκ̸
ⳡʵԼǸģңڿôƯ˺Ů˺ž֪ˣǺпܶǳųġ
Զ磬ʵġ
һڽЩ¶⡣
ֹˣг˵ĻΪѼˣ
ŹƣĶǳﲻãҵ
˿Ȼȥڷҡ
˵ţʹĿڴͳǡ
ԵĲ࣬ΪҪ
ûԶٷƾͱˣ˸ͷȥ
˲࣬ɿֽͰ˳ӹ˾Ʊ
ϷʩȨѾ㿪ˡ
ʾھͻȥ
ԭĴǸĸ˲˺ŮˣͲ࣬ȫδģʲôĿģ˭ܿ
òеӦ꣬³ЩûȤⲻ˻½ҪҲ֪ڳʲô
粻ǲߣԵһЩˡ
ҪˣǸĸ󣬶ǸŮ㹻޴ܻ飬ȻηԷһΪѣǸ˵ӣֻȻȥ
ֻҪ˽Ǹ״˼ͻ뿪Ҳߡ
ûзǣճ˵ģ뿪˻¥ߡ

һڷ˿СʱڴϴϷ
ǽϳֳϷ棬ʾϸѾ˺ܶˣ̫
˷Ӷ뿪¥ʱʲôԼ˵ġ
һһСˬСˣĳպܲһԵĸɸɾʲôûʣ£С΢ˬСҲˣ˶ӡ
극һŴϷ
Ϸһգˡ
ҲʱŴˣ˽ڴβתͷȥ
ѹʱŵһľ
ǵ˵ĻҲʵʩ뷨
ĳ磬Ƶ΢ü䲻¶ˣԸ⡣
Ϸͣţˣһֳ·
Ҳ룬磬
Ծ͵ڳǰûзأ¶ƫİӡ
ֻһӵʱԽң޵Сų硣
ڷֱֳֹ֮ͣ۾ôһС޺ۿ
һʲô˵ֱӿʼˣʱ䶼ûС
ãҲ㣬ˡ
εͣŵɫҰףֱӾͿ˳ֻðοԵͳĴΡ
ֹס˿ɳ绹ѹϡ
ܲ
ССģú۾ίûЭǳԲˣϢ֡
ܹԣǻ˯Գ絹Ǻܼ̫뿴һ㡣

翪黵ģһڴʲô⡣
飬ʵ֪ʲôǲġ
ͷ˵˾仰΢΢̧ͷ˲˶䣬͵Ц
úܽԸܵЦʱǻ΢΢񶯡
Цĸоȴ˼ߵļ
ڳ΢΢ʾ֮͸Ӳ֪ˣնȥ磬ҴӦ
ȴһץסָ֣ʱ۾
֣ſǻ磬
ΡΡģܺ£ؿų磬ŹԼ
ֻ÷ſ֣ǰ鷢ߣȥ
Ҫ׵ˣҾͷŹ㡣
һ£ǿѹ
飬ûôֵġ
۾΢ƺǲͷˣŵ̾§סӣʲô

ڶ죬ۡ
ǰ˧˺ļ£ؿʹ̾ͺպͶ䶼ڷ̡
ǹˣɳ粻֪ǲǾƾͷճ˵ȥɳ˵Ͽңһͨ
ΨһҵģǳûĶʲôֻǡ
˯ᡣ
ɳƴ𣬳۾ûٴ§˴ǰף˯ˡ
˯ø֮ȥϴ裬֮ǰϴˡ
ֱ§˻Ϣȫǳζ򴽣Ҳڲʶһƽ顣
ǰǣֶûУǣٵǣĹһ㣬ָоͺһһ㣬㲻϶໺ȵʱͻᱻԵʲôʣ
ΣӿȻһֱ֪ǻ˼ֱε.
ڵǣûʶˣϴαץʶˣǿд˹ûзء
ŵĻֳԺУ˺ܾãֱѹ
ʵı۰ϱ˱Žӳϴȶȣܵһ̵ֹĴ
Ķգ۾ڷӦ󣬾ҧҧ´ЩίΪؿʹȴΪ߳ܲ˵
ΪԹ˯ĳʮãգûĲԡ

͹뿪֮ͱ˴ѧıȥһΣ̫̫Զٷֻ
ĵսľ֮£ǿԸų磬ڷֳȥͿԱֹ˵˵ȥ棬ѺõطСȥʳ磬ɲȥ
Ҫ󣬳Ӧȥû˵ܾĻҲ֪ҪҪˡ
ÿ춼ȥദĳЩź
ڱˣôôô׶ԣüΣһˣ˵£֡
ֻҪеʱ䣬
ʱ÷ɿ죬ǽһ¹ȥҲ˳ѧĿѧʱ䡣
Ϳѧˣҹ罫ֹ˱ڻǰ׺󣬾͹˵˯
Ϊѧеˣָ֪ܰ˱ֵĹԡ                        


48

ʮ, ǵ¶ԽˣϮ
ŶѧУѧʱ䵽, ҲζΪһµľ»ѵ
ǻսϵģǸǿȵľ»ѵ
ѧһ, һѧУ
ֻעᱨ, Գ˵ʵɲ, Ȥ, ʹڴѧתһȦ, ˳Ǽˡ
ǲйģͺܶŲҴҵѰҽѧͬͦ, ںߵĲݵϡ
ǣֵĶһ֪ϵǿѧ, У԰˱ƽʱࡣ
糤ָ̫ۣ߸ݵ, ıã·˶ϼۣڿԱߵ˺, ֪ˡ
µļڶԳ˵ͦ˳ĵ, ûҪ뿪ԹԸڵ
Լûз֣ǰȥD;ưѾȥˡ
ȥڱﶺζʮ, ҲûȥЩ߰ĵطӡ
˵ʵǺܷܾע顣
ȷʵֹ϶һ֮󣬾ͻͷԼãҪ֮ǰֵ磬ˡ
˵ŮʳǹС·ɫ޻ǲСϣɫޣһζ
ԣ
翴߱СͿʵǣǱȥ
ŮߵıȽ´⣬ԶԶ糯۾¡
˶ݵĽߣȵļƷ˧硣
ѧﲻúõ˵ѹһ붼ڰǰ
Ӧˣġ
һŮ˵ԱߵŮ͵ͷǴģһֱû磬Ȼ롣
ͳ߹֮󣬾ͿǹŮϴЦݣѾ˰Ժе˼ѾˣҪЩ
ãҪʲô
ŻɫǹСΧȹĶ̷ŮЦ˵߾ʹӳƵߣһ˵ǹԵĻƫࡣ
ղֻΪʶСƳʹˣŮǿǹͣµģֲ˼
һ޻ǣůůɫ
СƳ޻۵ģɫܶ࣬Ĳɫ޻ǣ̵ġ
縶õ󣬾ʹ˺ߵĳϡ
ҧһСƬ޻ǣڻմζ´
𡣡
翪ͷ˵𣬲֪ôеˣǾץ֣չȥҧһƬ
޻ڼȷʵ𣬻ӵ㣬ϲԾ¶Ц
ųҧҧĵطȴ˵ʲôֻóԣⱾǳġ
Թ޻ǣ翴ͶţȻǲǸ
΢Ϳڶ˵ûȥˡ
תͷ磬գ۾ʵе㲻̫ȥ⻹磬Ҫǻȥˣһ䡣
С˼ûгɹֱӾվ
޻ǻûꡣ
̧ͷ磬ͼ
ȥԡ
޻ʾ⣬ɴ˹˾ǱߣŲԴæ
Ϊʲô飬Ͳ˵ʲô
ȻջȥشͱֵǣִЩ׺ݡ
ֻ޻ǵľˣһ
˳ӵ§סӣͷǵʱЦ⡣
̵޻˲٣ÿҧһڣͻ޻ǱڼߵĶ̡
ȻҷںͳദѾһ㶫ֻҪ˳ųܾ磬Ҳǻ
Ҳڼ䣬֪ȷʵҪ˳ë֣Ǻܺ˵ģ˵ȥʹȥҪ󼸺ûбܾ
Գ˵ǵҪͲʲôֻҪһ㣬Ըá
Ҳ˸޻ǣܺãֹɳϿӰż˵һ俪ЦĻ绰ǵļ䣬ܰˡ
ôһ˲䣬ȥܲһֱҲ巳
Ĺɺ˳ó𽥷ڵ˵һܣִ˲ƣҪȥ
ϧѵҪˣһʱ䣬ϵľѵȫʽĸǿѵ
Ӱڼڳ绳ǣӦع̫̫š

һܺľ»ѵʼˡ
ǰһϵʱͱͻ˹
ȥҹܼ˵ᰲ˴ȥ£µѻ㻨Ǯ㻮ȥˣʲôȥ򣬲ʡ
Ÿʰõ䣬˵ߵ¥䡣
ڳİţʲôû˵źܹԡ
סһºһ㡣
˷֮䣬ͷûס
ͷӦˣ΢ġ
û̾ߣ籧ڹ˯賿㣬ûжӣȻˡ
ŵ𴲣ƹıȽϰûд
ϴͿԺۣЦߵȥ
ˣ㲻ʾʾ
ɳƵĴľԣ絥ϥذڴߣĶ
첲ůıȻߣɻǴչȥڳ籡ס
һʼ˯˯㣬ʵʵ˯ڳ·ûѣûʮġ
кı仯ʵҲǳǿӲҪģʼʱܺߣѾʼܣ̹ԣ˯һ
˯ҵͷ类ȡãЦⲻϣôԣģֻһºټˣﲻò˵ʮźġ
˼֮󣬳ע¹˷ĵƣ˯ͳ뿪˹

û˯þˣ˫ۡ
û˳ڣһӾǱð
³缸ûиֿһ£ڳε.ҲȽϵսľ¸ǳ
ʶϵĲ죬еʶǳĶ֣ѹƵģֻ˳
ϴԡҳڴߣ˹ԣͨѶ¼￴Ǹİĺ롣
գ뵽֮ǰӸۿڰ죬ı岻ѡ
Ųֹյʱ˵ǶסڹҲڣʱᱻȥѵѵźҲ˵λ
˵ЩȻû˵ɻ͸©ǰİ鶼ǾģһڶǱ̨֪ˡ
һһֱڵȳ˵ˣҪ֣ʼնûȵöˡ
ȥʳ磬³
ͨѶ棬صԵģָȴ˹رհť·ĸϢ
ĹһԵ֣˻
ǩЭһֱأÿ¸ɻǧʵÿθĻҪࡣ
͸һǮûǮ
ڸǮͷѾ㻨Ǯ˵ǮʳǮȵȸĿ
˻˸С⣬˵֣ûһ˻ôõ㡣
ʵòѺǮΪֻҪȥȫǳ縶ǮĲ˶ģʲôùܣżŻһȥˣҲǳ縶
ЩõûôùǮģҲʲôĿҲԼģôãܻǮĵطʵǺܶࡣ
õ˵һָô֣Խ෴һֵֻĸоνĲƸûôĸд֪ߵģЩ
⴫Ӷ˵ʱ䵽ˣӦһ͹˹ȥˡ

ͣüĿϷһȥׯɢɢġ
ûһ¾͵ͷ˵ãϷ˴Цˡ
뿪֮ǰָ˵ڣ͵ʶʶѣͷûκ顣
ųϷȥ˲ׯ˵ˣǸȽƫĻˣҲƯ
ʱ򣬾ʹ˶Է޵ĵǴġ
ϷͦߵҲչ˵ûǵѡ
Ϊס䣬֮ǰ˵úÿ
ڽׯʵ֮ǰļƻûǸСˣɶԷ˵ҪܲţͻȻͻϷҲ֮ǰû뵽ġ
ⲻҪǸ棬ǶϷˣûзκγͻìܡ
ദĶʱ֪ǳΪѡѡ
ϷׯҲǹ˺ͷǱ֪ͨģҲ֪Ϸ˽г̡
»ûбᵽϣϷˣΪڳȡһøУҲˣֻǽûܼ磬Щź
Եҫʲôû˵ĬĬңѾʼΪѡˡ

󣬰һָǿѵĳ纹䤱ףֻĺɫߵϴּ䡣
¶ļ͸첲ֽʵϴּ̣ɢ¼䣬ЩҪԸС
춼ûˣʵͦģʱҲ˺ܶࡣ
뵽֮ǰɵƽһЩ
ϴּ˽ͬǻϵģȳ绹ҪǱЩȫǺ
һֵѵ֮󣬲ٸ߸ߴϴּЪЪҪط̣Ҳڶ㵽
Ϥ˺磬ֻȥ΢΢ʾ⣬ûж˵ʲô
ѧǴӸˣֻеǵĹȦӣǻսϵʵЩѧĹܿԼʵϵĲࡣ
ȻֺУǰϲȥЩ߰ĵطȾƴӣʵĲֻʱ䣬ĮȻͼߵʾͱ˼ʶˡ
һֵѵʼϴּϵģҲʱ˵ĹԶϵͳһϢ󣬺ü˶ˡ
һϢ㣬Ҫڽѧ¥ǰϣȥǰ߽µľ»ѵ
ϢûսϵܵϵģкսӣҴ󲿷˵Ŀ궼ǱҵȥУһǰʶĻᣬȻЩġ
Ȼ˲ô룬ǳ磬ͺ£ȥǰߡ
ܼҷϢ˰͵ǰ߻յһϢ
۾΢Уȷ֮˲䱩ụ̆һȭʹǽϡ
٣ģץǸˣǸȣΣ
ֵģҧгݰ㣬̾ϴּߣ׼ȥץˡ
ϴּ˶ȥһǽڣȥĵطơ
ǽǸǿȵģרŸսϵṩģһ˵Ѹºۼ
Բۣ
ڳ绹ûܳȥʱһȣ͹˲˵ķӦ
ȼԾ¥ݣֻűĵĳѧ¥ܣܿͱˡ
³ʶǸֵһ½ĸ١
үԲסˣָӹ˵һȥ
½ĸʿڳûҪߵʱѸپͽΧ
ûκԥ䣬һȭͻ˹ȥ
ȺŹ˵ǵĸȺŹ
ȺŹҲ˲ʣ׷׼ѪҲǣһ׺һֱδųڵķҲһֱǱƶ
ĸʿһϣǿаѳǿЧ򶨼˳첲ŽƷ
Ӵ򶨼ƽųڣѪҲв˺ۣԭ䵭Į۾ȫŭ

ı򶨼ܿЧûʶ
½ٿѵһʿëͷСӸñף˲ʣѵ˼䣬ֱӴ˰ѳȥǰߵľС                        


49

º
ľԭиۿ, ٣ǱȲڵǼġ
, Ŷһǰߣܿ͵ǽ
ǻؿ˹ǵǽ
Ǵ˰, ջǾȻؿ˹ǡ
˽ȲҪؼ, úô, ȳȶѡȥ
, ȥ
ǵС, ÿ춼ڵĳ᲻ǰϴһץȥ
, Լ֪һε뿪, ó
òװ¹ȥûκ쳣
뿪ʱ, ˸˵ھд£, ؼҿ
֪Ӿӻ󣬻᲻, ûȤӦþͲˡ
ÿ뵽ģ̲סΣϣ¹ȥ, ͶȤˡ
ǽɣſ˹ǵķȥߵ㣬ͻᵽĿĵء
ǺͿ˹ͬһϵȵҪܶࡣ
ϰ˵룬ӹ߷ӵ·̣ͿǸʮũ
·ޱϤѧʱ;ߡ
ũƻţǿ϶ڸɻŲæ
塣
˼źǸϾɹˣͿں
һӪݵƽߣȻסˡ
С
˷ĲݣŵĿ
壬ҡ
¶ЦۿЩ⣬ɵ׻ֹסˡ
ƽʱҲӦˣСųſӹ䡣
죬ƽȴ֪˵ЩʲôֻʣСûȥ
ϻôһСĹƽԺȫߺһ˹İĵǣĿס
ûΪʲô߱ߺӣȥСˡ
סĵطһ۾ܿߵ¥
һ꣬ɹƤеڵĴкͷͣҪߣũóũһ߻ˡ
ʱҲסˣ͸ղƽе
磡
ӳߵĺܿ졣
ƽ󣬻˹ȥڶ¥㲻ᣬȥõ㡣
磬ôˣ
Ըˣֵʵ˵ͱԱƽһۡ
һͷ꿴ûٺЦˣͦ
Ц£ʲôû˵
С
һƫֵŮ˴¥ۿˮ⡣

ǳǳЦŽ
ûûԶʲôӻ档
̾Ӧ˵ţߣ飬ͷȫΡ
档
˵ߺߣһ˵͵ͷ˵ãյæ
մӶ¥󣬿ֱӾ˹ȥź硣
岻ãֻܰοˡ
Сᣬ̧ͷΪЦ
Ķںգ֪ûԷӦСŽȥ
ֱӰ˶¥䣬ƽǾֲִĸˮȥϴˮ
壬ô
ģ˵˿ˮɤӣӸۿڻȵˮ࣬Щˡ
ڶͷЦ£Сģ˵˼
ũˣȽϿ죬ûпţȺҲ׺ˣιñ׳ϸ¸һСţЩõ㣬ũתҲЩϰ˺ܶࡣ
Ҳˡ
ܿͺˣմӳ˳̲ˣԵġ
ӹȥʱûӣԼŵ˲ϣȽ̣䡣
ûԷŵˡ
һ꣬ҲԵøɾʱΧȹ˲֣ԥһ»ǿСԺˣ
ʰû̻ش֮ǰĴȻȷʵȥˣɳǱߣȫ֪ºʲôġ
ˣתҺ˲٣ȹ˾ͻңˡ
˵˵ţ΢ֵˮ⣬һ˶ԲղŻڳ˵ȥˡ
˵ģʱȷʵûպģɵһģ
֮ǰ飬ѵҪĸĸڣ֪ô˵ǡ
飬˵ǵģҲֻܰο
Ҳȥˣпȥ濴ǣҽҲǴġ
Ц˵һֱڵĳǱߡ
ˣڼĻ¶ᵣģԾһʱ䣬ºûǾ͸ˡ

ڼʮ죬һжޱϤҲ˳֡
ˣȥǣ³ҵҪڿ˹ǵĻᷢЩͻ
Ȩƺܴ󣬶ֻƽۼˣֻ뿪ȳµľѵ㡣
뿪ƽһȥ˸ۿڣʾǹȥ棬óƵջԾһ㡣
뿪˿˹ǣǽϣŴ嫵ǿճ
Ӿгֻʣˡ

ľԭУһ߳У˿û׶࣬ҲȽ
һֲ˹ǻԱ
ѧߣѧûϣڲǸֹ˾Ƹڣ᲻Ǻܶࡣ
ԱĹеȣĹҪõ㣬ԼҲмջῪǰڼʱܿũóԾȥӦƸˡ
ųɫƷͳһѼñ滹ӡšֲ߲⼸֡
սʱ򣬻Ա˵ÿñӲɫġ
Ѽñ˽ʱҪϣȥͻͿԲá
һԸ񶼲С˾ĻѪҺλϺüδÿϰļǰࡣ
賿㣬ɫţֲѿʼһæµЩʮҪ⣬һЩɢʲôģͲ˶Щ
һ߲˱װϳ굥֮󣬾˳
ͳǴͳϾڳͶ˿ֳҲʡ
Ѿ˿һ°࣬λʵˣֹòǷСϴ̬ҲãͱȽϴ鳤ѵһͲ˵ʲôСʱһֻ۱һֻۣĹ¼д
賿·ϳ࣬һ·ƽȣ˽ͻص㣬һҹģСķ꣬ǵڶθͻˡ
򿪺з˹㶫Ǹͦ˧кӣӸ߸ߵģЦЩ
˴кǳǳЦ⣬򿪹ԣŰ˻˴ӳѶ
ɡ
˳ᣬһǺܴĿӵʱǸȵкǰͽӹĲ˿
ллӳ̧ͷȥȣǳǳЦ⡣
ĵлԺЩ˫Ư۾Ų˿ҴҾͽȥˡ
ȲԱһʱ˿֪ȸ׿ģӦæ
굥ӣ˳òԵЦŻ˻֣ʾҪˣͿǸӸ߸ߵкҲ֡
һ˻͵ıȽɣû˵Ĳ˲á
ʵÿͻ²ժģʣһ㲻˵ʲô̫ϲͱͻ䱧ԹҲ͹ȥˡ
ĿͷȽ죬ųѲȥĵط                        


50

ʮµ, Ѿȥˡ
굽ڻûѩǵסĺ, ġ
賿ĵʮңߵϰĵط, ·, ̧ͷܿϡ, տŰġ
ڸ˷, ֲڳеĽ, סڸҲЩ˵ķҲˡ
򿪹, 鳤嵥й˺ͻװ, һһá
ѾµЩϤֻ⼸쿴״̬Щ̫Ծ
, û°ɡ
Աߵͳ˾ĲɣɫҲ̫õӣ̲סʵ
תͷȥ, ֻ˵û¡
˵ţǳǳЦ, ʱһˣԱߵ˾¡ҲҪ㵥ӣ˵û£Ҳٳ, û˵ʲô˶ʼæµ
˳ȫԶۺãû𲽵ʱ򣬳ˡ
ʱСĶ˷ݣ㡣
¡ƤƫڣҲ߸ߴģݸһֽӣϾˣ˵ߣѴ˳κηӦʱ䡣
ȣ¡ĳȥʻ˴ſڣŻЩΪں߶һĴС
¡λһδԣ꣬ʱһ˵¡һŮѺֺûҹֻͷǮ
ܲһƽʱĹգͻ飬ڻװʱʱ䶼·ϣӴʵϲǺܶࡣ
ǵĺ⣬ֻò˵ллͶԷйĽ̸ͽӴΪûⷽͷԼȥ鷳ˡ
ķΪӾгˡ
ʮ³ʱ뿪ǣڶһ·ˣٹһһգˡ
֪᲻ҵ˵٣һֱģʱԽԽӽʱ
ƢͲãңҲ֪Ȼй˰ɳģҪ˵ҵ
һӰ⼸һֱͷżȻ̧ۻĳһطǸƢˡ
ﶼǳ磬ݺݶץסĵطϣôûа취ѳĿơ
ڿʹӣЩЦãʱԹˡ
˾ݻ󲿷ֶڹûнģҪˣһ㶼һ·ϳԵ㶫Ҫôʱ䲻ȣ·ߵ͵ݳԵģѸٽ
ƽʱ磬ĵʱﰲʱ򣬸סĵط㹻ĳþߡ
緹ǰһͷźףѾˣǰһҲϴˣˮһ£кóͿԡ
һϸʱ򣬸˼Сˣ緹һʱǼ嵰ȣƬ
Ļȸţ̣һס£Ѿʼˣ򵥵ȫڶʱá
¡ĺ⣬һʱ֪ô죬ѾԹˣЩֻʱԡ
򿪹ԣ¡Ϣ˵ллſȥ
ĹʱǴ5㵽㣬ʮСʱ
һ㷹Ͳ˵곬ʲôģʮ֮ǰҪ͵磬䵽в˵꣬ǵһ͵ΪͿӪҵˡ
֮ʵҪ͵ĵطֻ࣬һЩɢЩǷֲڳУеĵطȽԶڳһͷ
Ĳͬܵһ㶼пܣʱڷϰʱ˵ӣ鳤ĻҪͻȻӰѲǺܶࡣ
û㣬ǻҪֲȴһֱ㵽˲°࣬Ҳʱ˾ڹļ䡣
Ϊ磬ʱҲݹĹʾƫһЩеȳ̶ȡ
ˣһµĹʣ㹻֧Ѻͷ⣬Ȼ䲻¶٣һݹȸ˵
Ϊ¡ʱ˹ڳ飬òҪġ
͵ˣ⼸ֲĶ˺ܶ࣬ġ
ͻ͵Žһ쳵ȷʵͦ۵ģô㾫

ĵ֮Уʼûп硣
ǰһ죬ͻ͵ŽֲԱ۲ͻ
һһţԱؼҸžֲۣͰŵ˽졣
ֲ߲Ʒȫ˳ʦڳԺȣΣȥҪܶࡣ
ÿŵһűȽϤ˾һ£ϰ彲˻֮ûκζ飬ֱӾͿʼϲˡ
Էʱⲻ˺Ⱦƣûкȣˮ
ŷĳղġ
˸˵ʱЦЦشһ䣬û˸˵͹ԹԷ
ʱ򣬳ﻹ׼һ齱Ķ࣬Ա¡
׼뿪ʱѾ˵ˡ
ûôãʲôû鵽￴ֵȺҲܺá
̫ˣȥ
֮ǰˣֻһ¡ߵǰźףЩ˼
ллʮ·ܽġ
״ֻǳǳЦ£Ҫܾһ·̱Ͷ̣һԭڲ̫ⷽ淢չʲô
ܾͲ˵ˣ飬ڻϾŸյ¡
̫ˣǽ⣬Ƕ죬һˡ
¡һҳôΪղŵľܾеʧ䡣
㣬ģְ
Ϥ˾¡ĶԻ֪¡ʾãǹϵҲͿȰȰ
˶ӣһ˵ǣȽϺ¡ڼֻ֣ܴӦˡ
ֲĵƹȷʵ¡סǸסߣһʱ޻
룬ڿ쵽ʱ򣬻ǿڣ¡˵
¡ͣ½Ų
ôˣ
¡Ϊ˵Щ˷ܺͽš
Ǹҡ
һҪܾˣȴ֪Ҫô˵ǰûйⷽķգҲΪǰСסֶһ𳤴ģֻѶѡ
¡һֱڵĵ̾˿¡ʾʲô˼ֱֻӾ;ܾ
ܺãʱûⷽĴ㣬ڶ˵ȽҪ
滺һξܾˣ֪Լ˵ĶԲԣ᲻¡ѿ
µĶദУ֪¡Ǹȴ̫óԴǵʵˡ
Ǹֻ㣬㡣
˵ˣСڸǸ
ô˵¡ĬһܿЦˡ
û£֪ˣȥ
ʵô˵¡ڳĬҲǺܾȣϾʶʱ䡣
˵ˣڸմһʾý׶ΣûоҲǰŮһʼҲϲͬһȻˣôǺþۺɢ
ȷʵûйǷıʾ˵òԶʵ¡˵ġ
ʱ֪¡ְֹˣúÿ˼˼ˡ
ò˵¡ЩĵģɿѡЦ£ò˻ǱȽòʿģ˾סſڣȥ˶Է˻֡
صסķӣ¡ղӦ˼ܷˡ
ǱߣӦѾµľ»ѵ

ء
һ߿ѵĳջصϢңѾϾŵˡ
µĸǿѵ˶һȦֳЩʮкӱܼ
ֻűĵĳƫݣʵļ˱֮ǰ˷Ҳˡ
ʱ򣬳һͷŽ̲ģͽ̹ٶϹ˲ҲᷭԷ
Ϊڲ类˶սֻһˣ˲١
ȺŹʱ𺣬ûз˲ˣͬù˵ĸأһн̹ͷ۵±ס˵䣬ⷢͻˡ
һֱ뿪ڸյĵһڣͼܹ
ѵʱһֱڹ۲Χû˻ڵĹɣѵȽ죬ҹǱ˳ȥһ·һ·жЩظʿǹ֧ŵ˲ˡ
ȳ类ֵʱѾܳӪһóͣǱ߿ȥ
ǱʮǹָŻģ첲ˣǽ̹ʾ֮󿪵ǹȻĽ˷
ܵڽ̹дн̵±ͷγ̵Ľ̹о·ߺ󣬷ֳõĲͷ۵ķѧá
˱ĺ·ԡҡ
ԡԡûǰסĵطϵͳûƣѾϰߡ
ֻΧԡϼֽʵһëͷ
ˮ˳ǰʪ鷢ԸУÿ˧˺ˡ
ڷһЩ仯â¶ü࣬ѹ𺡣
ЩǺܺõı仯ȴžǰЩǸĹصĻ١
ϵĹ𣬳߹ȥϣĹ󻮵ǰ⿪ѹǼƬ
һ·ţǸסĵط
ͨѶ棬֮ǰвٹƬ
¡ǰʹʱĳڷǸȵ˵ЦĻ棬һͻȫ·ͼ
ЩǼܴģƹ˾ϵͳ
вĸĲƲҲмоǮģҪ߼Ūͽɢо
ﻹŲͷëһȭʹԱߵǽϣŭ𶼿ѹֲס
ÿζֻҪйƬٶһĻ棬ںͱ˵˵ЦЦúܲ
з֪ܣ
£͸湴ˡ
ǿдû뿪ĵһʱ˸ץÿοЩƬҪ衣
һɻһ㼴ը״̬ѵо̣ܽһЩҵĳͻ
·ûϢֱȥѵңǽϵİ֮л˽޸
⼸ֱһаΪ»ѵʱˣǡڱѡе֮С                        


51

, һȥˣһֱûп硣
ܿ͵һµ, Ҳʱʶ, 粻ˡ
ϢڽеĽźͲ, һ
ԱܿЦЩ, ǸĲɵ״̬, Цôǲҵˡ
εǳǳЦ˵û, ȴҲýЩ飬ʶܹڷɣЩ, ƽһϰ°࣬ڿƽ
һ»δȥ, ƫЩɵ͡
Ӷ쵽ڻû¹ѩ, ʾϻһѩü졣
ݵʾ, иµɢֲڳǱ, ıȽ١
ɢõĶŽһУǺܶ࣬Լͱſӽ¥
˳ͽɢļ, ¥̧ͷ졣
֪ǲҪѩɫģ磬͸оѾһ
ŹʾĶˣЩȥ˳Ͳ°ˡ
鲻Ϊݼˣһ١
ֲһݣϴݼһ˾˰࣬Ծ͵ļڣϿ˯ˡ
ͳһ·ʻʱֲ
˾Ҳ½ˣ鳤վڳſڣǰ°򿨵Ĺ˹ȥ
ڹϰָƣͺƽ鳤ȷϽ֮˵ȥ
ã鳤ټ
ЦӦ֪鳤˵ʲô
ǰҹֲһ¼ˣõ㱻ˢˣͽ컹ûץ
Ƭ˶ȽϽţӦģߵ˲Ѳ飬ȫԱ֮ǰҪߡ
֪ȫҪڲ㣬ʱ仹磬㶫ؼңϾͲˡ
ֲ߳ţһ߲һȥ͵಻ˣҲеϺ
ֲ˵ĻԱڲǮҪЩ
վ̨ߵȱ㣬Ȼ˳жҪЩʲô
ϮˣĴӣǴˡ
˴֣ϸָͨ죬£˫ַ߹˹ʱˣڵϵĴϳ
վŵǱߵĴͳС
Ƴרȥڵ磬вȫ鷢ûйͷͿȥ
ҲмƳڲɹ
·ʳܵʱ˳˼ʳ
뿪֮иźɫѼñĸ˴ӻܺ߳ñѹĺֻܵͣűžµ򢡣

Źȥ
أղڳרΪɹƳģԲ֣ҲأܺɵŴߡ
˳ʱ䣬ĵˣͲãģŶҪˣ·Ҳûˣ塣
첽סǱߣſл˶ʮСʱţʱĪ˿Ųûиղôæܿͻסĵط
˸һңԡҳ̨ȫʺһסռ䲻СиȽϿĿ
䱻ʰĸɾ룬ʮ㣬Ǻ⣬ůʡ
򿪱䣬ѽòʳĶ˽ȥȻ߲˴ӺװĴӽ˳
˺㶼ʣ΢С˺ȫٳԵġ
ͳƹⶼһסԵЩʹ˹ԣ滺Ĵ֡
ƽڲֹϰ࣬ѰһЩγ̣ܲٶѧЩһѧѧ֪ʶǺõģܲһӶԱ
ӰƽͣΪԼδһЩ滮Լڵ״̬ϴ㣬̲סüﶼЦ⡣
ʵ̫ȱǮﱾиĸһŲе⸶ڳЩûж֮ǰҲǮ˵زģúöԼ

⣬Ϣ¥һƬڰ
Ȼ¥ݹսǴһ̻𲻶˿ڰȫͨϳ̣ںڰп峤ࡣ

磬ͷŵС˰ˣúҲζ
æЩҲû
ڼʰһͳŴӳš
¥ͷ䣬¥ܣ¥֮󣬵ƹӦԶÿʲô
մķ࣬Ѽֱ˽ȥ˵΢תߡ
¥ﰲޱȣֻһ˵ĽŲġ
Ȼȴ򿪷ŵʱˡ
һִֻӺס죬򿪷ŵĿյǸ˾ͳûȥˡ
۾˲ǸٰԺžͱ顱һˣҲǸ˴ѹ˷ϡ
ţ˵ֺȥǸ˵֣ûκã鼱֮£˷ȥǸ˵Сָ
ͷȵڷϣ֣Ǹ˵ǯһСָҲ޷
һ̣־ͷſˣǸİ˴صĺʹϣȵĺҪŻµͷθһӿ
ƫƫﻹ滺֡
㡢ʲôҸõ㡣
ڲҪסԷϵĹȥбֻҪһ¾ͿԱ
ʲô㣡
ɳƣȫİֱжϵĹԣϡ
üĴڶȵĺʹϣʱ۶Ǿ                        


52

ɫҰ, Żˡ
ڼ˵Ŀ־֮УǸΪ, ʵ̵ֲĵز
ߴͬһ㣬ֱӵסй, ӰС
һֻ˯, , ³ƷŽϴ», ˿˯¡

ſǻ, θ﷭ڵŻͷֻʱץס˻ᡣ
ƺ, ץǸ˺Ḳ°֣ſھҧȥ
ҧסǸʳָĶָ, ھ֮ץסΨһĻᣬҧ, Ѫζ³Ҳûɿڡ
˻
Ǹ˿ָȴûа취, Ƿֱȥ
ֿ°ͣЩ, գûж򢡣
ɿڵļʱһֻѸЩ޷ٴκ£, ųָ
ָϵҧˣ˵ʳָѪģ
ӦüҲ֪СǴǹɺݾҪָҧһ
ϹԼ֪ʲôʱۣСҰײҰס
Щɻ󣬸ղ˿°ͣҲܵҧȥʱ˲
֪ģ˽ʵֿ¡
ԺͱǾΪһ̸ģǸʱ̣ΪԷҪˣ֪ҪûκοѵĻᡣ
ûУڵɿڣһʹĵ͵ûʲôйر顣
˲侲ղжʱֻ֣жԵǸٶȣֻһˣǼϢϤζ
֮ǰڹȽźͿ־֮еûʶЩϸڡ
ٴץסֻ֣뿴
ֻ˲󳷣ƺҧһΡ
磿
ȷ𣬻һ
ͼתȥѹͷס˷ţ޷ת
˹˺һ˶
õѹ˺ںıƬ
ǵң
ҧгһʵ˵ҧסϸܵе˿˿ʹȴڿܵķΧ
ҿûҹòѧˣţ
ˮ
ѹֵͳûкĳζĶݺݵĵȴ£ûУû˵ô
˵ʱ
΢۾˲Ϊ뷿̫ͷڷϣһƵ죬óѹ΢Щ
ٴüһˤ˶ͷ
Ϊں£ڳʱ˲ˡ
Ǳÿӣתۣ԰Գ纰ûУ
ûа취ҵģóûٴѹס
ϣ˽űһܸ״ҩǴӳµġ
ûУȣǸ¡㲻Ǹ˵˵ЦЦģĵĺܿģ
Цһ֪ûкйĽھ棬ȴ˵˵ЦЦ
㻹Ǹ¡㱳Ҹ˹˵ûС
ͳѹֲסŭһݺݵؿ˵һѽ˿תҪȥҡ
ڼϣôŹ磬ûó
ߣһ۾Ϳ˿
ڿ輸ϵöɫαǺ󣬳ŲͻȻͣ
񵽵ĵһöǣмɫ״ıǡ
Ķ࣬ɳͲ輸ɳ濿ǽĵͰڼܣһЩС⡣
۵ģһ͸ĲƿӣӴˣȫװŵһıǣ࣬ȴϤװ档
ӵһֱ
ĸûĳ磬ֿ˵˵ЦЦͼƢͲõ˻ðɡ
кúñЩǵʱ򣬳ͷЩϨЩ
ܺõĳ֪öɫı⣬ڲ輸ϵǣüġ
񵽵ʱ򣬻ŵΪЩ鷳ˣϲƯĶ
ɳ绹ûз˽˷䣬ɨֶסĺۼ黹㲻
˷ŵϣüͷ壬۸ղűҧʳָѪͷֹסˡ
ŵ֮̾Աȥ뿪
³ָûʱˣһץס첲˻ֱӾѹȥ
磬ҲˣĲˡ
Ųԣų磬Լ֪Լ˵ʲô
Ϸ΢΢ü΢ˡ
Һ£磬òá
߿ޱ˵ɳ绹ӡ
֪ͻȻǰÿʱ룬ֻҪ׵ĸˣͻŹ
§סѹϵĳ粱ӣ߿ޱȥǳ磬ֺõζԲ
ĸûˣģ統ȻŹ
׺ְԵ洭ɳȴδҧ´ڵƽϢýһֵĹơ
Ľʵǹ̵ģ޵۾죬ȴҶ
ˡ
ţڳſ´˵Ŀȫ
Цһ˹ȥ˲˵Ҫǰһܷ㣬ڣѾ˵һ飬ˡ
˵ȵĺƤϣûκηӦ
·մ˲Ѫȫǳϵģ޶ãǴ£һֽ⿪˯¡
û֮ǰͷ˯£ǿӵġ
ǰʱʹҧһڡ
ڳ£֣ڴͷ͸̻Ҹס
̣סʱ򣬷Ͻ׼ϴ˯ʱͻȻˡ
ѾϴԥһԽԽԣǸССӡ
Ͱϰ߷ŵ˯ķֻʣһСӣҲòͰ̻Ҹ׽Ƥ˽ȥ
ˣ̻ҸڵƤֲ֮Сĸ˳ý˷䣬ųȥϰ࣬ͷˡ
Ұ㱣̻Ҹ׺ڳ̧ͷһЦָͼʱֱӾȥ
Ѫ˳ųʱ򣬾Ҳòס̻Ҹף˵ϣһƵ
ֻ޵˿ưؿ
ѪʱŻˣɫף⼫ˡ
Ϊٴˣһʱɿ˶ѹƣͳ˻ȥΡΡϥڴϡ
˺ܶĳ绺·룬Ӷûˡ
ĸǰǸˣڵĳ𺣬ӿġ
Ѫ˴ϣˣŶɤʣû£
ˣ˵ģͷЩ¡
ڱץŽϵʱڱ첲۾ݺݲᣬɻǿ޵
޺˵磬Һ£ҲˣȷſңҡҸ飬Һ¡
߿ޱ˵ɼǵãǰ˵µʱ򣬳Ͳˡ
ٴ§ס˳粱ӣ޵ңų磬˵¡
ղ˵飬ֱ˵£ССĻڲóʱЪ˼                        

53

ԡˮ, ڣϴֳǱǽϹҵľӺܿģһƬ
ϴ, ۿ죬ģ
ҧס´, ߳ܰѳ֮ǰµҩϴɾˡ
ԡϴ, ַˮ³ϴ˺ܾá
ͷʪ, ϴͷĶҲĥĥ, ͷȫǴ˵㵭ĭ
, Ǿղ˵Ҫ飬ԡҺҲҺܿͳȥ
ʱֻס, Բȥ˵ʼն, ͳ磬ǲܵġ
, üԺӣҲˣ֮ǰĲ, һ׾ţ̧ͷȥ
ԡһֱô, ״̬ûпƢˣҲ£ġ
Ҳ֪ǲΪھдĸµԭ, ݣɽʵǰ
һʼ֪ǳʱ󱳺Ž֪Ǹжǿ

ĳڵ
ͷϺϵ˿Ѿˣڽԡ֮ǰǡ
ȥ󣬳绹Ǵӿռťȡŵĸ߼ǡ
Σ̫뿴Ǹ飬Ծ˿ڻָĿЩ
Ұһ㣬Ѳһ
¹ȡ˿ռť䣬·˽ȥһռһ룬⡣
Ķ࣬Ͼֻһͷڿʱ򣬳˿һͷ˵ûˡ
߸ݵ˲輸ϵıϣ߹ȥöɫıǡ
Ħıǣ뵽ӵǳһֱЩ٣һôð
һʮĳŵ㣬֪ķˣԡ
ԡҸǺܺãĳ˵ԡԼԼˮ
ϻЩѪûвɾ󣬾ͷıǣԡȥ
ͻȻ죬˳粻бˣûϴá
û
ͳΪһţЩơ
ûС
ŵ˿ڿˮ
ϴ
ȴû뿪ִŵվһĨЦƦ
ȡϴóȥ
ˣɢЩŰֱתҺýʱԡš
ã㡣
ˣ֮ǰ޵ҵӣʱЪ˼˳˵ҲӦ顣
ǳүֻ˿ɳϣʮʣöǣʱʱȥֽס޳ָǽڷʮͿ
ĸµļ尾ڹȥܶϵǸĸ뿪ǵʮֲˬǼˡ
ղҲ˱ˣֹ§ӿޣԾóĻЩ
ȫۼĵطܾôŭ
Ȼ˺ܾãûгԼġ
ɳϵĸ˽סıǣ˲
ְѱӽ氫ϵĲƿУޱߵԡſڡ
ûã
ͷţҲͷ
һֱʱʵϴˣֻȥһֱˮš
ˣ̹ˮȷǽϴ˳ﲻǺǿڶʱڴɡ
ҵڲԶĴԡãΡΡ˵Ͼͺá
ˡ
Щ򿪹ԣԡȸгͼԡűȽԶͲٹ˼ʲôһ߿š
顱һԡžͱ߿ˣܴ󣬾ſǽ˻ΣǽƤССƬǶˡ
ߣһͷڲ壬ʱĻ˵㡣
һŶѣΪû취ˡ
޴ŵӶɪһ£ȫ¶߿ŵĳ硣
Ӧ۽ݣί㡣
סķӣɳȴһ㶼ں˵ŪŪ
΢΢ͷߵӣղűŵʱӵɪҲˣ˽
ڳǰվ󣬸ݵЩѹȸУƹⶼסЩʶ̧ͷȥͬʱͬԡס塣
ϴ˾ͳȥ
е䣬£ķͷͼ˵Ҷˣʲô
˵ţһԳƲϺЦ־ȥקԡ
ʵѹɳûУÿΪקȥ󣬾ְԡ˹
Īͷ˾Ҳ˵һͳԡ
ϴһʪںͳʱʹЩŬҪקû뵽ʪһҪˤ
ּۿ죬̾ץס첲Լ˹
Ĳȵڳ绳ײ˳ʵϣЩģ֪ǲΪԭۿҲеᡣ
ֹ۸
ǲ֪۸ѣЦ
ȴô˻ڳţ˵硣
ţ
ԡɢˣʶӦһ䣬ŴԵıߣβ΢˵ĺ
ԡϤߵʱԭĬҲ̲סΡΡģ˿ǻ˵㡣
仰ĳɫһ˲ԡֱϵΪ仰еջ
ԭΪ˵ЩġȽϺĻû뵽
ַ򣬳վֱˣͷƽӣ˫һ׺ݵ۾
˵һ飡
ҧгݵ˵仰ʶ΢Աƣ򴦵İƤˡ
ƤֻҪ΢õºۼ֮ǰ֪ץ־Щ
ű߻绹۸ֹһˤԡ˶¶˳ѿѡ
㡣
ĬһǶɤӣΡΡ˵仰˵껹ӣƺǿſ⡣
ܷﲻ䣬...վţԡִ󿪣̲סס˸첲һ¡
ϰסĵطеѿһǰѹ
仰üҪĹ
ϴ֮ǰ˵Ҫ飬ڵã˵
ЦһҪ裬ǰȴͶ֣ǾͶݺݵȥ
ССһ־ȥš첲
ϧûã治ɫ
ϵˮ䣬üͷ壬һںŷſ
ôֿˡ
Щͷְᡣ
һѶԡγûϾٰԡΧϣܿ˳֣ղŹԡһߵ˯¾ߣڳǰ·ȥҰ֮ٴ
缸͸ȥüͷȻ塣
һ־ס°ͣǿ̧ͷ
ѹͷĻǿŭʣôˣ
᲻ٵˣ˵ûߣ˾ôһ
㲻˵ĻͰˣҪǻͷҲǼ¡
ѹɤӵ͵˵Цһ£ȴ͸⡣
ͷյߣڣĸˣһھÿ춼롭
˵ţͣһ£ǰѵͳöĴ˵ץ֮󣬶ҪЩʲô
ܳ£˺ܾá
ܲˡ
˵󣬳վֱ壬°ͣȴʱס׼
ų磬ֵ۾ô˵Ļ
ıʮ⣬һգƤûʣ۵ģָкܺãȻһһֱ֪ء
Ҫ˵ҵҾͷŹ㡣
˵ܽ⣬Ϊ鶼ûκ⡣
óЩ޷ܣ֮ǰǰֹȴ˵                        


54


Ļ, ɿǸԲһʱ嶯˵ġ
°, յһֻ˺Դͷȥ, , , 𽥴ĺ
궯ĻƽϢһЩ, ŷ
ֱҲ˲, βԷ˺졣
ΪǣԵͶЩȥ·, ɳ°ͣڵĻش
Ҫǲ˵, ھ͸ҽȥ
ƵĴԸöʱЩ̫Ľ, ӣ˺ܾˣҪǽܳԵ, Ҳ㲻
˵ţ, Ǳȥ
ӾɤӼæ˵˵˵
Ųͣ£ͷһ, ֻ˵Ȼط䡣
һȥ
ȥ·ϡ粻ͷˣһѽǰ棬ֱӾʹᱧ
ֻſԡǹǸβ˰׵ĻۣƤۣϻǳζôǰȥģҪôȥ粻Լס
һͽֱӰ˴ϣ̾ڴͷؿ
ٶһֱڷʲôһ
ȷʵ۸ˣ뵽֪£ûٸƽ£òײż
֮ǰȷʵһʱ嶯װ˵Żû뵽Ȼôϳ
Ҫ·
Сģվڴߵĸˣ
Ӹµĳ翴΢Ҳ
һʱ޻
˶ŵ󣬻ǳתʮֲͷ˵㣬þ͸Һúý͡
ĿĳϤϤĴ뵽Լȥ֮ǰǼ죬ܲ·˯һѣڵãֿĸ£Ӷϸˡ
·Ķ֮ͣ󣬳תһɵǳɫ˯ڴߡ
ͷʪģûõģڴϵԡվŸ˲ͷҪӹȥʱû
˵ˡ
ǷʲôĶ˵߸ͷȸղź˵㡣
ͷ磬ʵֻ֪Ҫϣܺ˵ҶҲܺá
ϵѪдЩǱҳġ
ѹƣǳ粻˼ԸҪ飬Ҳ
ҵŻˡ
ͷȥ󣬿˭ơ
ͷĶͣ翴ڴߵˣ΢΢üƺЩȣ΢ʵΪң
꿴ԥһº󣬻ǴԴ˵ͷÿԡһºŷؿڣ޺ãˣ
˵ͷʪյģǻһԡָ
ҲȥҪ㡭˵ͣ£żСС˵̫ˣңÿζ
˵棬ίͰ͵ģû̧ͷΪ˵磬
ٴͣ翴յͷ̧ŴŴĪģ͸ֿɰ
ͷó緳̲סȥôˣûзӦʱҧ´˽ȥݼȫ̵ζ
ãԺ󲻺ˡ
ԡѾһԣҲѹ£ɼˣ̲סɤ
˵ĻΪ̫ףʵҲÿζܸеҪ뿪ѹǹŭⲻ
ԺҪһ㣬ʵʵңҾͲᷢ𡣡
ͳᣬ˵ţףǵĶ
Уǲ˼ҵĸܣÿסҶ˵Ҳ㡭
üۣҺͳӣȴǿĿİͰ˵Ļֻһ䣬˵һͲ˵ˡ
ԭ˵ɫʵʲô
ƽ㣬ȴҲʮı䣬۽΢һʱһش𣬳ȷʵûȴ˺¡
һ𣿻ǲҽ飿
룬綼֪һ뿪ʲôֻǿ£ǿѹס˻
ңϰûûΣСһ
֪ҪѹסƢȴԽԽ꣬ûжһôĹɵģȴȫĲԸ˵
үԽԽΡΡ£ͷǺݺһڣٴȥ
ҪģʱǸСߵӣ˳ɶᱻܾ˵ϴǹƶò
Ҳ㣬ͽ飬Ҫᡣ
´ҧ˿ڣŵ˵
Ĭһͳߣ˵磬ҲȥǣҲ飬ûнĴ㣬ϰ֪࣬ģҲҺ顣
һʵ߷ˣҡ
ΡΡģ˵Ϊ֪Լԭˡ
ǱдݣйĽ֣ʼնֲ̿ѣǸųˣлȥȨ
磬ҲӦóڵǣֻһƽ񡣡
ԾӦùͨƽӣӹӹµµһΪƶƽȵĻȥ
ֻǺĻû˵ֻ˵磬ҹߵǵᣬҶó
ȴıŭȫͬ鿴ʮƽ
һԣ˳Ҳ绺ڣƵȫģȴĪ͸ֿɿ
ҽ㣬ݵλ㵣ģڽ飬ûоܾѡֻҪý׼ͺãڳңֻҪҲ룬ûܱȢˡ
翴üһš
Ȼ㶲֪˵ʲôģĵ̾˿ֻôھܾû취ֻЧ
ˤ֮ķⶼˣһֱ֪ʲô֮ǰôΣܲĺøУȴô̵ʱڿʼ
ε֮󣬶ĴͿǿҵĵִΪʱ𣬳֪̫Ծ
ɵʱֻΪΪˤں£û뵽һֱΣǰеĹɺŴֻαװѣʵȲҪ뿪
˵ǲԸڵǣ˵ʺϵǣЩǶжԵǵĿܡ
㱻вˣ
뵽ţ뿪ǵģһֱֻ֪ûѡ
ûС
ûз˿ҡҡͷ
ü˰ʪĶ
ĳ
ʶش𣬽žͿȥ˴
Ÿ˵Ļš
򿪴󣬳Ҫ͸һ߿ͷһ߿˵
ȽСǱȲװϵͳ֡
Ļ彩˽
飬Ц˵ΪҲ֪
ģ˵˲㷢𡣡
ûɿ˵ˡ
ЩţͷҪٲ³ɺҶֻ
˰Դûƽ£üµĻǵüǡ
ĬŴͷ֮󣬳£Դյ˵ԣҵ㣬Ǳˡ
ԴԸöһСˢɨļ⣬һ⡣                        


55

䷺˺, Цһͳ
ˣһִӺס, ߵ黰һ㡣
Ժ, ڼһȥ
˵, ˿, ϴ˲ٵЦ⿴
ʵҲ֪, ֮ǰϲǸαװʿ, һµദֺܸܵøС
Ҳǿ˺ŷӦ, ûио
, Ȼġ
˵ʵҲ뿴ֻÿζѹס
Ҫ, Ҿûˡ
еķâʶио󳹵翡ȫЦ⡣
մɻë׵ͷϸ, ΪմɣЩ, ָкܺá
ղ˵ᵽ飬תͷԱߵĳ硣
͸ռʱһ⻹һСʱ, ʹһޱȵ״̬ᣬ仯еˣ
˵飬Ȼ˾£Ϳϲ˻Ƕӣ
ûлش𣬳ԴԴһ˵ϲСˣҪһ
ҪǸС˸͸ãүԽԽ󡱾˿ڡ
ǰѵͳĴŲæ˵û£ҪͿʼŬһ£˵ܼ
Ĵַˣĸǰ࣬ҽڣҪ۸ͬǣǰ˵뱧ʱֱȥʱܹԣᷴȻڴϵʱ
Ȼȴץס̽°ֻ֣˵ʱģȴһ㶼ʵ
һֳֻǸʵϣھܾ
硣ڡ
ôˣ
绹ͣ˶ӣ֪ʶɹֻԣ᲻ɿڡ
˵ģҪǰᡭ
˵û˵۽ݣûֱӳ磬Ҳջ˵ŵ֡
ͻȻ翴գ۾
Ӧ󣬳΢΢ͷǹһĨõĻȣž¿˸Цܿˣޱġ
۽ݲȥһֱûеȵĻشȫʧ
򴽣еʣΪһֱڼֽ飬ô岻ĺ飬ǲϲֻ飬ֻҪ֪ͺãȵʱ򣬾ʲô붼УҲźˡ
ϲϲң
Ϊʧʧ䣬
ɰûκλش
֪ʲôˣ̧ȥ磬˫Ư۾ûκڴ
Ŀ糤úܺãĵһ۾֪
Ǹˣٺȴܾ£ݾҲס˧ģȴҲˡ
һۣı飬̲סٴεͷƿߡ
룬ҪϲˣҲҺõûܳɹס
磬Ժˣ͵ƫԶϵԼԻؿ˹ǣߡ
ֻҪ飬Ҳ᲻Ӧģ߾ͺá
ģÿ뵽Ǹ֡ⲻ˻ѹ仹ǳˡ
ԭĹЦĳ⼸仰Цʧüͷһ
⻹û飬˵ʲô֮ĻЩʲô߰Ķ
ץץͷջѾ̽°֡
Ķʲô
޳ָϵ˸ԱĶˬϲ£ȴ˵顣
ղ˵ʱЩʣˣǸĵĸоҪһͬʱҲƵ㣬ʲôͲ͵ġ
ƫԶϵ綼֪ôģΪҪ͵ƫԶϵȥ룬ȷԼûĻвõвҪϴЩ绰ѡ
˵ˣòװҵӵڿǣȴԺ飬ԽԽɸղŴӦߺֻԼ
˵
ţѹίˣŶͷü˳һۣǸСίĶ
Ժϲˣ͸˵Ҳ㡣
˵ţǱûд˭ˣֻ˵кܶƯĴ顣
ֲһ䣬˵˭ԣҲ˵ʲôġ
仰ֱѳƫƫ˵óϿңʮֿǹԼɷȥĿ
£翴űίȴ˵ֻһ£ŰĻѹȥòײһܲİô
ҼסˣûӵֻһУⱲ㶼顣
˵ʱ򣬳绹ûסһס°ͣΣʮ㡣
ȫЩ߰ˣ޷ʲô
Ҫٲʵȥͱ˹ǻܣͱһֱŶӣҿôܡ
˵棬ݺݵģһֱûа취ģûôڵˡ
ûС˵ѿڶкöല顣
Ĭһ£ӷ꣬ͷؿڣҲǸ˵ûд飬ֻһ˵ǰЩˣ֮ǰͷˣ˭û
˵ϵһ£˵ôô˵ûоûС
ģ
ϰԵĵ͵˾䣬ڿǸί󣬳û˰취ֻ
ˣ㣬һֻԺ˵ˣûҪƭ㡣
˵꣬ԽԽĳͿףֱȥݺݵģҧһ
˭˵Ӳϲ㣬Ҫǲϲ㣬ôԶ㣿
ߵĳ練챻ˡ
ȴסˣѹΪ粻ϲһֱԾֻѡ
ղңϲϲ㣬˵ϲ㡣
ס̲סһǸ۾˵ȸղŶ˷档
붼Ҫ룬Ҳߡ
үϲ˵仰ʱﲻ֪жƣһЩĶܿƺ
ģҾһԺ˭
Щʶ֡
ղš
عû˵ͱˡ
ղڶ㡣
Ǹѹı黺˹Ц£ղȷʵ붺棬û뵽ˡ
ˣ˵ϲ㣬ϲϲң
ӣʵú棬ûϲĻ
ĳү֮ǰĮȫͬˣ˵ҲŹʮգǸëͷСӣԼϲˣģò˶䣬ԾкøУϲϲ
԰Сʱǰ䣬װ˵˵ʵǸϲЩ뷨һϤʧڵĻش
ϲ
Сҿ硣
˺һȴȵ仰ڿȸղŸĶ󣬱ĳ˲ЦŴԵЦʮö
ָֻ࣬йںˡ
ϲϲĻϲҾпȥұˣǽ͸һһʡˡ
˵ţƾҪѹ
ϲ
ΡΡŴίˣ֪ģܻһЩ۸

56

ůĿ, ͳСϳԷ
Ϊռԭһ, ԼûвҲû, ƽʱøС, ڲ輸Ա߳ԡ
ɳе, 輸ְ, ٻɳϳԶ
СӶ˵ͦʵ, ɳ˵Ǹߴ󣬶Ȼ, £еŤ
ɳϳԡ
ȽС, 粻
á
ɳϵĻͺȽԶ, ;ܾˡ
û취Ͳ˵ʲô
˱Ƚϼ򵥣ĸͷһ, һ㣬ʵе㵣ĳԲ
ȥϺһ, 㻹ʲô
һͷ˶Ӻͷ¿ӣϺֻҪͿԳ, ȽϿһ㡣
Ϊ֪ϲӸղſʼֹסЦ
ȼͷ
㶫Գ˵ûߵʱҲŽȥˡ
ǰѧУǱסʱҲԣ϶ϳɽ첻һˣ˵ϲ
ϵЦⲻϣһͷˣԥһ£ûи˵
֣ûĴүֱѼɢԲҪ֮ϰ¾еˡ
ͷŽУͿʼһ۳磬ò˸ǳЦ
Ѿˣٴˡ
󣬶Ҳ죬ãֹʲôĴү
֮վǰˣͷһ¾ȺˣϺĵ緹ҲõȻ
ӱסʱСĳ˵ڳˣȳȥ
֮ǰġǿơͬڵǵʱ˵ȥͲˣüвΣģܹԣó̲סһࡣ
ҵ㡣
ﶼЦ⣬뵽˵ϲҪǽ˵ˣҲ֪ôԣš
ϵͳ󲿷̶˳ȥŵһЩ
ᣬζϸһɴµĵ㣬ܺš
ܿͺˣûŶõĳЩź뵽극ܰڻôžôţ
֪Եö࣬һ̣ͷˣϺӦþ͹ˡ
һٷ꣬ĶҲˣ
ȥϴ衣
Žϴ͸Ӻ汧ĳ˵
㲻ϴˣ
üԷ֮ǰϴ裬Ҫȥò
ŵԼϵķζ˵ĻܻմȾһЩƽʱǳ극һϴֻͻòԡϴ衣
ζ
һĳ磬һתķɿ죬˸ûа취ɡ
ڵǵʱ֪ϲζֻɿȴǸһ·ߵԡſڡ
ţίͰ̧ͷһۣóе飬򿪹Ƭ
͸ޡ
үѵͺŵ֮˵ע
Ա߿дıעû˵ֻ硣
еˣ̹Ѿ°ࡣ
˸ܺʵĽڣͣôģû֪ˡ
㲻
ڽԡ֮ǰǲ۾˵ڵõ֤ŰŸˣȻѾˣֻס
Ҵҳһ£֮ǰϴֵĳ磬ͳӣϽˮԡãϿ촩ĸɾ˯¡
ˮͣԡ֨ѽһͱƿˣ߸ݵ˳                        


57

賿ĵ, Ӵ͸΢⣬Ի谵ķﾲů
һ㶼, ͸˻˯ĸо
ϰʱۣ뵽ں, ˯⡣
, ƿ˱һ, ˯΢, ڴ˯, ȥһԡҡ
һֻʵĸ첲§ס
ڸղʱ֪˯ԱߣֻΪ, ӻ̫ⳡָĸǰһ, Ǳ籧˯ûôࡣ
Ҫȥϴּ䡣
ŸЩ΢ɳ, ˯̫ˣٻ˯, е껹ˮ, Сеǵġ
䣬һֻ־ӣָֻů
ԹǵСó֪ô£, Ǳߵı˯¡
ŴǱ͸΢⣬˯ôܵǱȥģϷЩղ֪ǲΪ˯Щ߰飬⡣
ӹɵͷ˯£ֻ£ڱ⵽ңȴ翪ֹˡ
С
˵ţʹ˴߸ȴֺܽʵ˳·ʲôûվڴ߾첲ʾ
ûҵӣò˴
ʱǿطĴʵʵ߶ᱻ濴
ԡվ§Ҳû˯ѣ°͸۾΢أûȥ˯
ھӵĸ£˵ʵûϢãһֱڷܱ˯˯
ûã
û
Ȼȥ˯Һܿͺá
ģںߵΪվţЩ˼
Ϊƣ΢ͷ¿Щͷֻ뱧ȥ˯ȴĥĥģӶûѡ
籧һֻ£·ʹ˿ڡ
ⷬŪеˣ󣬿ڼȵ֮߳賿
ϴֵʱЦ˵ϴֵӦҡ
ˮͷ£һ˫־ʹ˽ץһϴϴ
ٻصҵʱϴ
Ѿ˵ĳ粦¶ķ϶￴һƬããģҹﲻ֪ʲôʱѩ
ѩˡ
˵֣תѾԹԽ˱ѣ˵ѩ
һ۾˯
˴ۡ
ϺľһѩëһĴƬѩţǰããһƬ
Ųܸоһۺֻص˴ϡ
»ڣڱס̵֮ġ
ֹϻŵζ̲סᣬ˳˼¡
谵ůķ޵ĴϢͱ˱

°ʱΪԼ˯û뵽鷢ôı仯ˣ˯ȻѵĴ㻹˿ա
ߵʱ˶˴ϴʱȥԱߵˡ
Ϊĵǻ˯һϾϾ˯úû뵽Ǳźһͨ
ʲôǺֲ㡣
ϴҪ뿪Ҳ粻֪ƤɸղŻźȴ·ˡ
ԭֺˣû뵽ЦǶûֵ
ͺߵ̧ͷһ۳磬ˡ
ͷ˿ڣߵӣҲ¶Цˣƽϡ
Ȼ۲ۣ
ͳ۾Щ´װʲô֪ƫƫ
ŴԵЦ͵𣬳ϴֳĲҩ࣬ԱҩȣŴ·̽ȥĨȥ
أƾܺá
ϴֱ˵뿴á
ڳԡҵʱۻţǾ̧ͷ硣
˾͸ޡ
˰Դ˵ƺлҪ˵Ϳôˣ
ԥһ£ǿڣӦҵģ
ͷ˲ֹģҲίڳļɨһ㣬һ⣬סһ
Ṵˣ
аһ䣬̾뵽ʲôȺ¡͹ҪӸ˵
ʵ˵Ǻģ˵˵磬Ӧǽˡ
Ϊְ˼ֻһֱûܰ˳ԵЩֻѣԶԶ
Ӳ˼ĳϡĽǸռǿӣһӣ̾˷Ӧ
θѾθڶˣȴһֱȲ;ʢһ״̬ȫǰĹ⣬һ˵ǿʳ󿪣οĸ˵
ֿףͷȥ
ôأǹ󣬳绹Ǻǣ͵Ϳڣȥȥ
˵ʲôּ˵Ҳģûȥ
Ŵ૵΢ɤɳƣҪҽȥھ
Ҳ롣ЩţĻ̾Ϳڡ
˵ԡҵ飬ɳȴߵǷǣ˵Ļ
߸ˡ
ɳƴڶ𣬳˵ǡ
ұ߸£֮ǰ˵£Ҿû㣬ڡ
˴ǣͻ˲˲Ǽ⣬ǺǵĶ
߸£ΡΡɤȫɻ߸ǰڵǺͳһ档
ţ߸¡
ȵĺһ޷ӡ
߸֮ǰǲŵһμ档
۽΢ͬҲΪĹ
ƺץʲôʳͲ֪ǸԼðͷǲģԼ顣
ǵĳȻͣ΢΢󣬺ͷĿԡ
ʶڴʲôĵһۣ֪ʱԼ˼жֻ࣬Ҫ
һ۵ʱҾϲ㣬ҵ
翴ȫ棬ɳƵĴԸö
ĻԺи֣ʵһֱǵãײ˫Ц۾ʱԼ˼ģ漴ƽ·
ҽ顣
˫棬˵㶣ʲôɿ֡
ڹȥ֮ǰжͶˣǣ֣˵Ǿ䡰ҽòá֮󣬿˫Ư۾ƺˮ⣬˲ûָоˣϥԡſڣĻش
ƫƫʱ˵ԡ֨ѽһڻϣɳŸסҪϵš
ͻˣ򿪵ĻһͻԼϣֻ֪ͻȻôһ£նƻˡ
û˵ų磬֪Ϊʲôڸղŵ󣬾Ȼƽ
ûеõشĳߴǰ΢龹ЩίˣȴûдӦ
һֱڵĳүʱȴʲôƢĶǴܸС                        


58

ԡſ, ͷͳӡ
ݵ߽ͷ
˳˳ˮô, δһôαڣƫƫ, ûκҪôͷ
ûж˹˵
Ĭһ, Сʡ
֮ǰõķΧȫͬ, 籡΢, ȴû̻ش
, ֮⣬ֺ֮֮һ, ˹ץ˺ü, ֹ֪ΪӦӦ, ˹ĶԻ
ûС翪ڣûи˹˵Щ
㣬ûк˵
ͳ, ղų嶯˼Щŵͷ˵, ֻЩȻ
šӦһ䣬̧ͷ۳磬ȴûлӦղ飬ֻ˵ȥ
תҪ, ֺȻסˣֻûͷֱתվš
߸ݵվ֮ǰȫͬ粻֪ΪΣɬȻĸо˵㻹ûӦҡ
ֻҪ룬Ӳȥ֮ǰҲЭ˵飬׿˵ġ
˾ôֻ֣һʽû飬ǹִӦ֮Ӧ
غνֻӦҪ顣
ȴû˵ǳ˫סգ
Ӧңԡ
˵ţף˺ܵ㡣
ǰЩˣֵʱҶ˵ˣ˹Ǹ⣬ץ֮Ѿϵٴ˵ˣУûк˵Щ
绺˵ţͳƽʱȫͬ͸ʧ䣬ȫû뵽ǰܱԹԱŵˣᵽͳĬ
飬ܲƳ١
˵˵
ã绹ѹסƢһ˵Ƴٽ飬Ծͱˡ
ҽ飿
ǰˣӦ˲˺ܶ²⣬Ⱥ¡Ұ˵ֳĲ֮С
Ҫȥ˭
Ҳˣվô
˵üͷˣִֻ֡
ûˡ
۾˵棬ĩˣ黹ģˣۿĶίûôȴô˵
Ҳ˵ˡ
˵꣬뿪۾ôԩֹסѹ
ֻǸͱ׷ĳһѿ˼ϣִ˷䡣
ĹͣܲסСţЩ£һ
žһ죬Ƿֿ֮󣬳үһơ
ۿǱĳǰ˿΢ңһ
Ժֻܺ˵
ɳƴȫ⣬ֹǸϸ֫زᣬȴ޷ѵ
Ӧҵġ
ĳ磬뵽֮ǰᣬֻöǼٵģίޱȡ
϶һ绺ſ
ɿӵ˳ȥԾµӣɬȻԣȴֻܴӴ
ˣ
ʶʣ־Ҫһ࣬ȴ㿪ˡ
ܸһϮǰͷ۵棬˺ð죬ſڣ˭˵顣
û˵飬ֻ˵Ƴ١
һĻ̲סһۡ
˫ΪǶƳˮƯ۾һ£ȴó϶˸Ц⡣
ģ
˾䣬ʵղҲͷһܾܾһѹû˱
뵽ͻȻԼǰûԼҵڣûһ仰ûʧ
ġˣԼ˵Ĳĳ磬ί㡣
ү˵ޱȵҲǿ˵С
鱻ܾԳĬһ£С˵ܲܵȵҵ˵
̫Сûʱġ
飬СʮͿ֤;ͽ˻Ǻ١
òã
ų磬ССģ첻˵˰ᣬ־ȥ䣬ҪֺҲԣǲھͽ顣
ջЭˣûзƢֻƽ˵ԲٰҲԲ֪Ҫ֤
ǾܣԲȲҪ飬֪ӳٻ˵ԣ֤ˣȻʱˣ߲£ʲôûˡ
ԣ£Ҷ㡣
Ųȥ罫ڴͷ˵ס
ȱȷֿ粻ܲ˵ľ͵ȴҲֻơšһе㺦½飬ϻܶˣʮ꣬ͼŽ顣
˵ˣʵǲȷܲߵһ𣬾ʱһϣ˵һ۾ϲ飬Ǹ˲䣬ҡˡ
˹ĻԳĳԣʼܷģοǱĴڣֻܸԼҪ侲
ԺҪ˵ûˣҲϲ
ǵֱᣬǰֱģ
֪Ƣӣף֣ǣԩǾͿ߰ĿڣίĲС
ǵĶͣ£΢֮Щ϶ıɵŴͷǰš
Ҳҡ
΢ţͳЩį
ûж˹飬ĻشҲģ֤йڴ飬ôͣûŹ
ûд飬Ҳûк飬ֻ׹㣬ûУ㲻ҡ
˵ţʵ֪ûкйϵֻÿ뵽ھҲƵͨѶϢͬʯ󺣣ûеõӦ
ȴͱ˵˵ЦЦһǴ˱˼оܾ׵ʱ򣬾̲ס˵ڣ
һʱȻգ۾ĽëСˢһɨ˵ģ΢
Ҳ˵Ҳ˵㣬ҲҪҡ
ЩɳƣԼҵΣ˵ϲʵЭû취
ų磬һû˵Ϊڳ˵⻰֮ǰû뵽Լģʵͳһ
á
ڣС
һַףᰴԼͷ֡
ﰲֻǶͷ֣û˵Ҳû
ϲϲң
ǰѵͳöĴ˴ʡ
飬ˣ˵ҵͽ飬ĻӦͲҪˣҲãٴοƲסƢֻ˵ϲ
ϲ
ó彩£ܿͷɣԼֻǿķǶѣ͵Ц˵ãϲС
ֻϲ㡣
ĩˣֵ͵˵ţͷ¡
ģϻеζɼôȥף˵ϲԼǲ˵
Сסţ粻ٶֻĿɬѹ£ϲͲϲϲˡ
ͻȻֱס˳磬
Ҫֺ벻飬ţŴӦĻȻ˲顣
㲻ᡣ
ڳţƵġ
סһʱ֪ôڣֻЦ£ȴȫǿɬ͵͡šһȷʵᡣ
Ҳʿ֮ǰƭҡ
˵;ѹΪţҲܺãû뵽ôƢˣ֮ǰƭѡ
ţʿҲԣԺˡ
ĿߣֻӦţΪ飬Ҳ֪˵Щʲô
Ƣ̫ˣҡ
ίڿ߳磬˵㻹װİҡ
ĳĿû취зȷʵĲԣɽţĻ
ϲϲҡ
ʵأֻһСĳ䡣
ϲֻϲ㡣
ɤӣشĸɴ䣬ָоͻȻסǿߣղĲ̫һ
Ļش𣬹˺һ˵Ҳϲ㡣
ССЩƣɳˣ¡
Ӧ󣬿ȫЦ⣬үڱһΣЦ˿ûֹͣ˼ûǣ˵ϲǿȵģգ˵ϲ
ڳ绳е㲻̧ͷ䶼̵ġ
ʵһֱ֪ãֻƢ̫ˣҲɳĳЩ⣬Ҫ󼸺ܾᱧǣɤ˵
º֪֮ǰᶼαװɺֻҪʵǰһкʱ
ղ˵ϲ磬ɳ˵ϲУ˵ֻϲ
ѹƵ俴ȫûȵĻӿ
룬֮ǰȷʵ̫ˣϻװİŻ˵ЩµĻ
ҧ˳磬ΪǸİ˻ʱ򣬳ʲôûҧָ˳磬ʵǺµģµڶ˵ó綯֣ûС
ʵһ룬ÿγʱ򣬳ˤǴζܴûйĶֵļࡣ
룬֮ǰų磬ҲɳôԶ˵ֻϲǲǣԺƢ̬ҲӵһԣϲΪǰĳԡ                        


59

ıóȫϲ, ûĻ˵, ǰЩԹĻʱ, ѾȫȻԺ, ֻŻ˰춼֡
˾ôڴ˺þ, ¶ȥ, Ŵӳ绳̧ͷ
ſֹסЦ, Щ˼С˵ȥ
˵꣬ͱǰ, ż˿ݣܲ˵
˺ܹ, СֻһĴ, һΪ߲ٶȴóˡ
ͣɵû˵, ֻںЩԺڷ֮, ɿ
֪ǲ˶Է⣬Ҫ֮ǰĸио翴ŴϢỬ, ۾ˡ
ֱ˲촽̵ģ̧ͷ۳磬ȴǸҪ˵ıŵˡ
Сڣϻûԣȥ
˵ţһµǰĳ磬еӱĻ
˵ڳ˵ֻϲ󣬶ڳ飬û֮ǰִֵֻǺ¡
Էü
ɳƴȺϣǽסͲ
ֻһΣܿͺá
£ɳƵ㣬Ʋסˣֻ뵽ĸ˵ЩЩ᲻ñ
˵ˣͷͬ⣬һ룬ơ
۾ˡ
ԺɶɵʵԼϲˣ۾ʼ죬ŵ۽ݶڲ
ܲܣÿζԼƽϢ
£ֱסǣɤӿڡ
ûĻشֻٴ˵߸ˣȥԺ⣬޶
ŵ٩Ļ绰׺˶䣬ڳϵҲȡ
ѾôãҲųһͷĳڲŹĸǰѧУǱסʱ򣬳кܶᣬ˵£ûôֻǳˮƽϢԽھԽƽϢȥˮ
һԣһΡ
֪СƤҲֻЭˣѾڣΪһȫԣ˺ܹԣ̲ˡ
صơ
ΡΡڣһץų˯£żˡ
ͬ뷨ȫһ飬û͵ִֻǾ̫ˡ
ﴰһֱû򿪣ѩɫǺ
糤һ죬žһĵƾˡ

ɳϣϹС˯
Ҳû˯ţֻǶӺܶϲϢ
βڶǺģʮί
ŰӳͷŽ緹ģ͸óˣֻһֱûйϡ
ͷȺˣȻȶԳ˵ûʲôѵġ
С̲ˣ;ЩȽ嵭˵ͦʵġ
̣Ҹ㴵
£ɤᵽ㣬ǰͷ¶˰Ķͷ˧ֿ
ֻǰǰ񲻿һĳүҳʱЦͲϣʱŻ͸һɵ
ӹӣιϸ֮ǰû
ԼԳԡ
ˣ־Ҫȥó롣
ֻ֣øˣû𼦵ʼ
Ȼ֪Ϊʲôôϸ¡
ղʱܵĸоڣǳ࣬뵽﷢ЩͿʼ̡
ԼҲ֪ڱ׵κʱôʹӦ˳磬֮ǰ˵ãһġ
ɳֺֺԸеɳɤૣ˵ֻϲƽʱɶûˣ˵Ǹʲô˵˲Ǳţỵģ˲˼Ļ
һѾ׵Ӷ̫ϳ˵Щ֮ǰ飬ϡͿӦˡ
пԻǣ
Цȫᡣ
С
Եúܿ죬С붼ȥˣ翴֪ˡ
ùҧһڣûˣһһ
ÿĳЦ⻹ǵһοԶôţʹչȥ¡
ʵҭסԻһڳԹ⣬̫ˣʲôûԣ˺ܶڲЪҲҺó˵ģֻһΡ
һ꣬ȥָʢһ룬ӳģץһͷҧ˿ڣ͵Ц˳ˡ
磬ӦԼΪԶٶ˺ܶࡣ
ǲǲÿ
ȫǰգһںȽСĿӣϸָ
֮ǰڵǼЩ壬ǶǺܺúŵģᣬֻܾԼԵҲЩֻǽ緹еã̫ˣ̲סԵÿ졣
Сϣ΢΢üڲ輸ϣԱߡ
һס֣ԴŰζ֪˵ĳࡣ
Ц⿪ڣᣬôÿ
˵꣬չȥüף˵ÿ
⵹ʵڳ翴̻ʶÿο̶ȶûдﵽֻԿŶ˶ѡ
ԴἫˣһ㶼û˼˿
ҲԣԺ󲻻㡣
Ǵü˴ǣܵͣе㲻̫֣ûԱٴһº󣬻ǷſˣúóԷ                        


60

һļں֮ǰȫͬ, 극ֱ籧ҡ
ʲôĶˣ绻, ھ˳Է⣬ûź, ûȽ˳֡
϶ʱͱȥ, ̵, ģ, е⡣
ڴϺ, վڴߵĳֱߵ߰ѴˣҲ˳һ
Ϣɢ, ůͣղŴЩ΢ܿ͸ܲˡ
лϵͳ, ǾϢͷΧڣڱ籧ȥʱ, Ѵ͸͸
˴󣬳浹˱ˮŽű, ߰ܿ, ʹ˵ƣ
֪ˮǸģͽӹȥСں, ˮ¶Ǻθůůġ
ˮڴͷϣվڴߵĳ磬ķΧ˱仯
߶ϣһ񼫾ԣһΪЩ£ġ
ڴͷŲˮʵǹɡ
Ửˣվڴ߾£¶ݽʵ
գ۾֪ܽʵ֪ںˣɼǰڿŽʵ壬ԾͿ˺Եĸ˧ǿ
ڱָ΢Ƥƿߣģʲôû˵Լղ縹뷨̫ˡ
һֱ⵽ǸݻߣϱеЦˣ壬ӦȤһôֻ֮ǰ̫ˣƶÿ
һ¡
ͳɳƵԴ𣬳ԼȥʱԸܵһ˲ĽӲЦ
ԺֻʲôʱС
˵ž˴ѹñȽϵͣԸУñͲ˼䶼Ͻջ֡
ָд¶ƺЩ̣ͷȥ֡
ǵʱ򣬾Ѿϰߣûκͷ
ֲ˳Уþòֿܷ

һôȥѩ̫û찵ıȽ硣
ĵǻӴѩʱ룬𴲺Ϳȥѩߣ뷨գûлȥ
Ķͣ˶û˵ֻԴصĺͺС
Сţ籧ڻİο
۸˵̧ͷβ죬Ľëʪˣ޵ÿģڳžǹ
Ҫˡ
ΡΡС˵һȥƳ磬ž¡
ҲΪ£ŸӶ˲
˱ڻôΡΡ˵ֻǿԼƽϢס۾
ޣҪٿ޵Ļ̲ס
ɳƵ𣬵ͳö
Ȼϲ˫Ư۾ֿ̲ס޵øЩҲֺȴֻܱѰο֮ǰûнʱ
ĻŵöҲҶί
緹֮ǰǴΣΪȫˣ˺ߣﻹûʲôᣬ׼ʱҲģûˣʵ֮Լǿ·ģֻǳ粻ãȥﶼǳ籧š
ȫû뵽һεʱǳˣҲƵıƭˣڳʱ򣬾͵ͷӦˣû뵽ôĥˣµʱһûУӶ
Ų֮󣬳翴ŵɪһ£͵Ц
㡣
˵ţ§˻ˣѱãҪϢһ
Ҳ֪ʱѾˡ
ʲôûֻǱֺгһֻ˳ǱóſЦȥ
չȥģһһΣܰĳù´档
籧ЩûʧһϤģԺҲһֱǡ
ص֤˵뵽Ͳһ䣺Ҫؿ˹֤Ҳԡ
ͻ֤ͬͺǺϷ˭ֿܷڳ֤ͷȴ£Ҫǹ˼壬ھͳ
ԥһ£Сڣؿ˹ǣ֪
һ֪ĲԸ֪֤鶼Ը⡣
УҺҪϰࡣ
뵽⣬ԲóҪϰࡣ
ϰĻô졣
뵽⣬ҧһ´̧ȥ硣
֪ͦãÿεƬЦǾھӵĵһ¸ϢûκλӦ
Ҹ㷢Ϣ㲻ҡ
ɳƴ𣬳ȫǲսӵʱս˹ԣõõ֮ĵһ¾ϵûнƵͨѶ
ʱĳ𺱩壬ŹڹԺǲģָϢûеõظ
үƢСô䣬Ϣ󣬾ûзֻÿ춼ῴͨѶҲ֪ԼڴʲôڴĶһֱûг֡
ͻȻˣƿߣȥͳӡ
յʱûпϢһأ³ץȥֻŵؿŹֱҲû˳硣
Ҹϣ۾һУʣǲˣ
û˵ıֺͳûвͬˣڲ
ĵ̾˿ܲʱΪ
˳˺üĳүãԼ֪Ҳûļ
ü£ھˣǰ£һͺá
һ죬ӴͷĹԣںҵԼȻԼԼӺ˳
Ϊ飬ʲôû˵ֻԹɱһᱧơ
ڻ϶
ҪҪˣҴصǣʲôС
統Ȼֿ͸š
˼һתֿ˵Ҫһѧ
̧ͷ۾΢΢󣬰ϱµģǵó̲סȥ
ѹˣصǺȥĸרҵУϲ
ղ̧ͷʱ۾Щı翴ӦѧͿڻ˵ţȫЦ⡣
á
ѧ飬ԿˣСӦ˳硣
֮ǰ룬ҪҪϿѧ㶫ֻһֱûܿá
ļһңܺͳһȥѧϲ˳
ԺҪʲô͸˵
˵£籧һ㶼֡
ڴӵ˺ܾãʱʱױģȳڱȥԡҵʱѺˣֻʱ̫졣
컨ˮԡڣģ籧վϴ
ûԡףΪԭ򣬳һˤһֱ
ʵҲǳеˣϢôãܣվеģôţʲôû˵
ֻڳһˮ֪ӦһӾͰˡ
ôˣ
翴ɫԣͿʵΪǲֻ
᲻ỳУ
˲޴ؿ磬ûκΰȫʩûЩʱû
ֶ˶٣ỬоͻУֻҪľͺá
ɿôĺ£ֻܰο˵û£ģͺá
ôģԭ˵ڲиڣĵطֻнȥȷ˻Уȥˡ
СǵĸоһֱУʱŻع̧ͷų磬ﵣޱȣΪ˶ֳǻ
״ֻٴΰỳϣġ
뵽Լͳ䣬գʮţȻҲкĸĸ뵽绹ҪѧڻֻǸѧͺܵǡ
ҪҪҩԣ
Ϳ˵ܽİ취ֻˡ
ɳ˵ֱӾͿھܾˣ˵С
ҩ˺СҲ˺һζѣỳϵģġ
˫գ˵ú档
ĻˣҸһ
£ֿ˵¡
Ҫǲ֪Ҵȥûʶĵط
ǰ˵棬գ۾֪粻ƭĪгھͿԺܰģȶ
Ĺ˶ȫҧ´˵
ڳ磬ھ͸һҲ˶֪֤ˣǲģñ֪Ծֻ                        


61

ڳİο, һļھôȥˡ
ҲΪ֤ͿοԿܻеǲôࡣ
ҹӵ, ˯úܰȡ
ڶϵʱ򣬴ѩڲ, û̫, ɫ˺ܶࡣ
緹, Ϣһͳǣȥ¥¡
Сľ͵Ϥһѩ, йԱͻɨߵĵ·, ȥ¥Ĳƺѩᱻɨƺ, һƬС֣װع, СʱڿαϿı⡣
˹һ¶ƫߵѩʱ, ļУû˹¹ôѩ
ʱͺܸȤ, ڲںĻѩϣϲԾʹЦ⡣
úѽ, Ž·΢֨֨Цݸ۾ģһЦ, ʮиȾһԿĳ翡ҲЦ⡣
ɿ֮󣬳ͿСһѩǰ˼ȻͣתԼѩϲȳĽӡ
Ƭƺûб˲ȹĽŲǵһһƬ覵ѩϣӡӡǡ
ЩźΪѩرŪ˺ۼɻһβռиУҲǿңֺ档
ǰߣСĵİѽŲһߣٻͷʱ򣬾ͷԼˡ
ͣģֹΪ̤Ľӡǰߡ
ƬɫռݵƺֻʣǸ߸ݵˡ
һξʱײϣֱΪ˼򴽣ɴǵЦȴôβˡ
¶õЦЩ𺱩岻٣ü䣬ΪֲõЦŻЩк
ĳõģ˧ٻͣǡôֻǵͷ¶ͷʱڲ¶һֺܾԵķâеġ
үүģСͲụ̀ܽرˣڼǰҲڿǰЦ˧ˣֵᣬȴܴһְĸС
־е̵ĲڸоĵӿƿߣΪǸЦ̲סȥȥǲ˵ҲƲߵֺÿЦĸоȫȻͬȴҲա
Ȼһ̣ȴô׵ץһѩǱȥѩ£һֱû
ʵҲһΣԼٿȥϵЦⶼҪڲزסˡ
ΪУѩŲδͣû򵽳ɢˡ
Ҳ˲ĽӡҲӵץѩ΢žʹ
ûбܿ£ԼĹУɴժףַѩϣϸ׵һѩ׼֮ߣ˹ȥ
ǴˣֺܿѩȻע£ڱ˳һĨЦ˶ܲ
ʽϲҲûһѩ̣缸ıܿÿһѩýԶû취
ѩУ·϶ѩĺۼȰյĺܺãûֻǾöΪһûС
ղų绹رվԶûжΪԴѩӹȥ֮ɾͱܿˣֳһһб顣
Լ˺ܶ£ûбܿȴóһ취ûУȫί
ͷԼϣȫѩմĺۼɳȴɸɾģֻ۸

ŰѾͨ죬ڻûʲôоִѩһѩڳ߹ʱ
ûдС

Ǻ
翴üͷһ𣬻ĿС̾˿һĨЦԾһֱڶ
ͣ˽ŲĹĵ͵Ц˵վҪܴһΣҾһ¡
úܽ岽ľ룬ɺĻûס۳磬˫Ư۾Щˣռ˵Ļǳ硣
ɼһʤڣģ
һֱûд򵽹һΣҲԼ֪ģⶺ۸
ġ
վЦ˵ûκζļֻڿӣװѩ͵͵ƶҪ̾룬üЩ̿
δƤӵˣ֪ƽʱŹɣǵС˼еģżһΣҲ档
ǳûдֻСϵЦôѹȥ
ȵ˶ʱ򣬳ھ֮Цͳö˳ƵȥﱻȻһСűѩ
ѩ㹻ʵȥҲʲôºܸߣ·ѩܿͻΪˮģֱȡ
ˡ
˵ѹϣȫЦ⣬۾ѩ粱Ӻ³մѩҪˡ
һ̣Ц۾ֻһתܿͱѹ¡
һֻ˽֮Цջ֡
ѩ˸϶մѩѹѩװӵ۳Ц⡣
Ͼ˿ڣ翴˵ûȥˣ·¾ʪˡ
վŸоָıѰ׵䡣
˫ֺȻһ˫£ס£֣ڴ߹˹ָ˴ꡣ
䣿
˵ţͰȫЦ⡣
ȵĲγĶԱȣΪľٶֹסЦ⡣
ûжãͰ˳ڲԶȥã糤ȼ˹ȥ׼
˳ߣ˵ϸָܿͷȣѩ
ǣ֣֮ĹϵԲ
ʱס߶ҲйڵǵľżĿѾӦˣϾ糤
ڽشס
Ҳ֪˭ȿ˭һ֮󣬳˹󱳵˷ϡ
೤ǣס˶
ܵѾǺߣԥţ͵ʱ򣬻ǻ§סǰˡ
һףһ߱
ŵʮ˳ӣ˷ֿŷӦԼ˶˳ϣԵúǶЩơ
Ǿһ֪̾綯˼ϵķӦҲʮԡ
Ҫϰࡣ
ΡΡ˵仰׵ﺬˮ⣬۽ݻ΢΢
ӱóܲסģȴƫƫ㹻ᣬҲ㹻ʢ˼Ҫѳֲס
첻УһΣ´ηż١
Ϊڽţ³ҪְصǵˣҲΪ̫ϤڰζʲôҪķ
ֺõڳףССģ˵һκòã
ûжɺȴ˶ˣһھǸֺõζԡ
ֺãջЭˡ                        


62

賿ĵ, ֮׼ʱ۾
˵ְ
ƻû, ֻд͸΢âͱ˯Աߵ±ס, ɳƴȫ롣
Щ, ְ黹ûи˵, ˵ҲǽͿԲȥϰ˵ġ
컹ȥ, Ƚ˴ְŻܻҪϼ졣
Ϊ, ͬЩơ
һ𣬳§֣Ҳû˰취
Ϊܹ, ڳٵڳС˵Ҿȥְš
ȥҲû¡
ֺõ, ۣ˵, ĵȥϰֻܲ§˯
еġ
Ŵ, ˵⼸졣
ԭ˵ʲôĳ֣Ǳֺá
뵽ԼƬ￴ĸ, ȴûкһȥϰ࣬͵ȥˡ
ʽ֮ǰСУͱϽ˱
˺һ, ŷŹ
ȳŵʱѾĵʮˣЩżشףԷĳ˵ˣ°࣬ʲôһ
ﻹ룬³᲻ﻹЩΣϰܲҲ
մ·û뵽Ҳ߹ʼס
㡣
Ц⣬ûиĻᣬ׺ֱ˳š
㣬Ǻҹܿ·Ա߲ƺϵѩ
·ƻƣ˳С
ѿŵԿ˳罻룬ַʽԿţʲô
ЦŽӹԿףʲôû˵ֻǣǰߡ
Ӿסֲߴʮ·̣סвٶֲĹˣ·ϻвˣһలȫЩϣ벻ǿһ˵ĺڰ·
֮ǰѡסҲԭ򣬱Ͼ⣬ȫҪǵ
Ȼһطϰģ·ɲʶǸģſ£ŸλͬԲʶҲ·ϵʱò˶졣
ȥȽȥˡ
˽ȥĴŲͬǴ䲿վſɿ˺ͳһ֣ǰţ˵߹ԹԻ֣ʾټ
ʶҲ̧ҡҡſ·ƣվڻ·¿һͷߣЦⲻϡ
ȥ֮ȴ򿨣ʱ䣬ǳٵӣĵ̾˿ؿ鳤ûа鳤ֻ˵˾ٵĳǱ߾˿ڴߴˣȥ㵥ӡ
Ҳ˲ϸ鳤˵ʲôӦһ͸Ͽȥˡ
ͳǰһģ˺󣬾Ϳ¡СĶߺ¡Щִ١
Ȼ⣬ɼ߲˹ˣֵͷȥԼ嵥ϵ
ȵжװ˳ϻţ¡

׳ƫڵ˿ڡ
ôˣ
ЩǳǳЦ⡣
Ǹˡ¡˵û˵ĿǸǣ֡
û뵽һʱЩ޴룬º󣬻˵ѡ
С˵ʱܲ˼̵ġ
ȥ׶ô˵¡鷢չ̫죬Щʴӡ
һܾ֮Ȼ־룬Ҳ㹻ģϼʱͻŽ뷨ûüʵʩͱˡ
˵ֻķڹϣôѣ¡룬˵ĶǽڣֻǾܾˡ
Ǹ
¡ߣ˵ϲ¡ʵҲֻ˵
¡ûʲôҪ˵ģ¶ǸεЦߵǰϳ
ͳʻţп·³̵Ǹ˺ЩȣΪȥˡ
ͣ·ߣʹӸʻǱˡ
Щģ۳ͷһǲ˵ģְʱֲд
ȥ
˵ţ˳סǱ߿ȥܻбķգûóȥֻ˵ȥ
ã㿪ģǲ˵ʲô
̸ղžˣпڸʻ̧̬ŴڳǰŵɵģûΡ
ϰ࣬ȥ
ӣЩΣתͷ˵ţȻȥ
˹ȥ¡
ϰලԱϰ࣬˭˵
Ц⣬ȵı飬Ц
ΪÿµĹʺͽ˭㷢ġ
ٴǸָкܺõգ΢΢üЦź˵
ͳͣ黹Щ¡
ϰĵ죬ҾȻЩʧ󣬿Ҫ۲ٹʡ
һĨԵЦͣûջȥֿףѹ˿ڡ
ֲϰһ¾кܸߵĽʼʱ򣬻Ϊǳĸãû뵽Ϊ硣
޻˵ֻܿų͵㿪ȥ
үųȣɢĿڸʻϣΪͷҲ˵Щ绰Щʲô
ְŲýϰ׼ˣԲˡ
ղ˵ϰ壬绹ǵһôƺԼñȽʡ
û˵£ֻſһĹûĳʡ
ô˵ΣȴǳǳЦ⡣
ͳȼҵķʱʱᵽȺ¡ֲϰ顣
ҡ
ûͣȣתͷ˵֮ǰûзӦ
˿ߵĻ翴
Ȼֶβãȴܱİ취ܲʲô֪һҪǱ۸ô졣
Ժ󲻻ˣԹԸҾͲ¡
Σ绹ûɿڣᡣ
ֻ֪˭ӴûС
˵ֻٴηԺ˵ţԱǰڵ̬ȿ˵ŵĺܵˡ
Ѿڵˣٵȥĵ۳˳
Ķͦ࣬ŹϵĶ˵Ļֻ첻ԼִӻᣬϰѾʼˡ
˶ԵӵĹԱ£ҲʱʱĿ硣
Ѿϰ龰糤̫ãߵﶼߡ
߸ݵȴӷ֮ЦЦϰҲЦ£û뵽ſӵĳһ͵ǰ档
㹻߽㣬Դ֪ݵ￴˵⡣
ȥѽ
һӳ̽ͷһֻϡ
ָŷ棬ڣȥգûǷõĵطȥܿ
Ŵȿ۾Цˣûů⣬Ҳƽյòȫһ˵ûǰʱ
Ȼ˵ݣ²֪Ⱥ̾˿Ȼÿ˶ˡ
˵ֻǸź˳۵ˣúƢҲãϵͻֱϵʽûУֻ̾˿ѣҲû뷨
ֿһ۳磬˵ʵڵģ˳ñÿ
Ȼһ˳úÿЩŤȷʵʵֹÿҲ㹻˧ʵ
ֲģ뵽һ㣬̾˿˶ɰֻܹû֡                        


63

һϰ, ˵ЩȻ
˳֮ͳһߡ
·߲ƺѩδ, ɫٴγѾʼ, ӿҪѩ
򿪹Կһ, Ȼ, һѩ
ĻҲ, ȥ
翴̫, ΪԼƵ̫Ϳ˵˵, Ҳ˵ûصǾ֤ʱҲûʲô
š
Ӧ˾, üˣЩûȥ, պ⼸µĹʣɫľȥתת
ǰѧʱҪϵ, ϧһֱûʵ֣ڵ˵Ƚİ, ȥ
תͷԱߵĳһۣЦ⡣
֮ǰûгȥ˼ڣͲһ, ԺԱһȥ
Ҫ𣿡
סſֶ̣ŵζζʳ硣
ʱڱĿͣڳһԣľ֮ǰδйģǶһڳϳ緹
ڴ۾ģ͵Ц˵ԡ
ȥŲЩԼԡ
˿۾£סԼ񣬿ɻǶ࿴˼ۡ
ûзֻ֣εЦЦӹӺ󣬾ͺͳ뿪
һֻӹװĿɻֽ
ǰһֻҪᶫأǻᣬĺȻǱˡ
ߵﶼǾ۽㣬Ӹȳֵ϶⣬ҲǼá
˵ǿҲƣֻͣʱ飬òҪѣԶһ㡣
·϶Χߵ״ЩΣЦЦΪ󲿷ֻǶ࿴۶ѡ
ǣ֣˺ܿͻصסĵط
ĵһ飬ȥ˳ϴ˴֣кòˣҲˣѾ˹緹ҿʼС
ڳϳԵױȲԼģȻĵ㣬ǰѶ׼ˣһͿֱ¹
ϴֺ󣬿ɳ￴Ӱ
ֻǿſţͱѹɳϣǿʼʱû˰ŷڲ輸ϣҪǵڵϾͳԲˡ
ࡣ
ΡΡģڳ·ʱ˵β˺졣
ղùɱϻմһЩ͵Ķ
ȥԡҡ
ɳƴڶ˵ɲӦͱ籧ԡ
Ϊǽϴ֣û뵽ֱӴ컨ԡĿء
ˮɫˮڣûþԡңˣˮȴڸǲһ֪﷢ʲô顣

İӺ汧С˵˵ʱ򣬾ԸҪȥˡ
Ǹĺҧ˿ڣų
ñȫ΢죬߾ѣҲתͷȥ̬һѱסͷ
͵Цڵϵ·㴩ãӶûߡ
ûֻˡ
ôģȷʲô
ԼڱȫЦ⣬ڱϴһ¡
ԹʳҪĳүû
߳ĺò׵ȥЩڳ绺ӵʱȶȥ
֪᳴ˣֻԼҺøղŲǺܹ֣ǰ
ǳ糴ģվԱָӣڳ˵ļ϶绹ʱʱתͷһڡ
극󣬳ŽϴӳʣϢ𣿡
ɳϵ㶣ڿǸЩˡ
̵ĽڣûѣʾϴһҲνֱԡҡ
ԭΪͳһȥ棬û뵽ڷ˺ü졣
СţЩһȥƳ磬ƾܸûκá

˯£ѹüƿ۶֪˭
˸ŲڴϣһֱҪɧˡ
˯
ſ޹ıСƣ㣬û飬ֻú˯һ
ʱʱͣ˴ﵽ˸͸ĳ˵񫣬ô͹˵ƣı˯ˡ

ڷ磬ֻǿʼѩ¶ȻǺܵͣ紵ţһƬ䡣
ʵʵ׵ֱţɢ
Ѿǰˣ˳С·ǰߣպܿб
Ӱӳ󣬼û˵֮Ҳȫܰ
ǾסС԰ƺʯ˺ܶС·ߣǰиС˹
Ϊ䣬ҲϺˣ߹԰˺٣ĿȥֻӰ
ƺΪѩŢϾϵĲݻûзѿȥݻƵĲݣûһ⡣
Ҫ뿪ˣȥѡõļתתȻֱȥǡ
ٴλصǵ飬ʼЩĵġ
ʹٶãȻͺ£վǰĳ磬룬ԵĻǲǿԲݣֻǸҲǡ
бվСС˹ǰӵǡ
ڰԸܵϲ
Ļ̿ɢЩҲˣǱĪֵд                        

64

ǵĵһ, ȥ֤
ʱԱߴī, ĻȴӽֵʱûֹͣڸЦø, ɵһ
֪Լݱ˲, 仹ǳ, Īָо
Ȼʵ, ֹЦ۾, ҲȫֹסЦ⡣
ֵ˲٣˶һۣī, Ĵ󲿷ֱ飬뵽, ˫۾жÿЦ⸡֡
·ȥǴīס˴, ɳΧߣ˵ī˧
ӸȳļƷ˧洺, ˭ܿĸ˾ֻǱĻ·֪, ˡ
Ȼȥ̳Զٷ
˵򿪳ţһֱʿľٶ
á
ЦŴӦЦδ
֤ˡ
, ܿʹ˳ȥ
ûסӶȡ˸ղŷֽʰ֤
ҲеӰģֻ뿴֪Ϊʲôֽʰĸĳ˵ʽС
ͳˡ
û֤顣
˰죬ʵ֪ԼǸʲô飬޷ݣ޷ͣϵЦһֱڡ
ϳժī۽һֱó˽֤󣬱ЦȴǰƦȫͬ
Ҳ룬֤ˣԺĺϷ˭û취

ܿ͵˹֤Ȼֹסĸˣɽ飬Щ˵룬ȵҵ
ʮ˽֤˵ԷԼϲˣе̫ˡ
ĶǻϲĳֻӲľ꣬ڳ򿪳ţ˫Ц۾ͲЩ
뿪ĸ£ǣ¥ߣ˿ΧϤĽͷ羰
ܼ֮Щ˼ߵʱΪԼصˡ
үү
ܼʮֹɫؿ˽ǣһ֣ûκȴ̾˿ڡ
һοҴүݵʱ򣬾Ԥϵ˽죬Թ壬Գ˽⣬ʵʱʶͱŮ˲̫һ
Цź͹ܼҴкͱ˲ˣϷѾڲ
Ϸˡ
Щ˼ʶϷ˿ǣŵʱһ£ջ
ɳûɿЩ
̡
үʮְԵھ䡣
Ϸ˿ЩȣܿͷӦ۳ѡ˭ģ˵һסС£ʵҲʺϳǸƢǸܹԵСˡ
С
̫̫ӳͬĻž֪һУЦʮֺͰ֡
緹Եڣ֪ǲΪϵȷˣϷ˻ҲȴǰˣţҪǳ۸ˣ͸˵С
Ϸ˵Ȼ˳үүүүô˵ġ
ڳϷ˵Ȼһֱų磬һάӵˣ׻֪ǸʲôƢ
ûƢ˵󣬻ǵͷӸ綨ģҲˣȻᵣڳԿ
绹ڳԶʲôû˵ֻЦ¡
극˺Ϸ˴˻Ϸ˯ʱ뿪˹
֤˭û˵֪ȥѧУ·ϣѷĿĵúãɿ˿
֣ȸֺаȫУָĦ
޳ָĵ·Ỻȴе⣬ЦҪջ֣ɳȴſ
ѧУķȥЦһ
Цü۵ʱ򣬳΢΢üƦյģ漴óһöָѸָκηӦʱ䣬ڻ߾ܾ
ָ
ͳȫЦ⣬ǣ֣ͷȥ
Ҵˡ
óһöָŽġ
΢鲻٣ֹסЦ⣬Ľָ۾һ˲ʪ󣬲ܿʧ
ָ֮Сĵظȥɫ档
ѧУıˣԶ䡣
Ѿм˴ɨɾȥס
˷ţûκθıĸ֣֮ǰס˴һ£ʲôɼǵá
վشףͬûе죬¶ͦͣ׻ıȽϺ
վԱߣ̧ͷһۣ˶ЦЦȫů⡣
ˡ
ס汧ţڣԵöԸС
ûлȷʵһź飬ܱã֤ԽЦԽ
ͷȥ˺ܹԣģϻеζ
˼ǰϲóãһж˳ۣ·͸ģֻ˵Ϊžãﶼ⡣
һʼͿƲסЩ˼
мˡ
СС粻ͷؿڣлߣ״̬
лɫĻе۶ʧȥ˹ͷ­΢΢£ǽҲ
ͬʱ򿪹ԣ¥¥дʹ
ǰ죬صĴһϣʱ˺ڰУǽ޾ҹеͲ˵뷨ֺڰĳ
͵ĵƹ򿪣վش·Ѿѵòˣ˹ڳϣžͱɳǱȥ
һΡ
ΡΡģһָͳģﷺˮ⣬ſȴֺ۸
˾£Сֺõ鿴˰
á
͸ɳƣӦ
ûüջȥϸָָⱻסҧſ˧ȫǴмǿԵl˧üżȻ֮ɫͬһ㣬Ƕռ
޳͵İСȱȴɳϣĳֽϵǿײУֱ˽ż⣬Сţȴ֪Լܿ޳ҲܷȻ˵ֻĥкβίС

ʮָۣڵƹ£ʵû˶ٽ࣬һ룬ָϵĽָһĨ⡣
һɳϡ
Ǳһֻɳص֣ڳǸʵĺ¡
ͷͼѴǿҧ类΢ȥۡ
һΣûʳԡ
绺۸˵Ŀģ΢ȴǸԼţҲȷʵˡ
û뿪󣬾ɳϣ΢΢ʱʱһûл
һŵЩΣЩ޴룬Ϊ
ʮ춼û˵첻֤ûס
ɳɳԣһ첲ͣǰѵͳɤᡣ
ְȥ˲پϲŵǣе;Ǽܾġ
Ϊ·϶ھƵסģϰҲֻһ֤£óʵǱﲻסˣ˵ֻһΣֻһкúáŬû뵽˸۸ˡ                        


65

첻֪ʲôʱ, Ѹܲʱš
ƹ谵ķǸҵĴغ, ѹֵĵ
ˮ˳ų߻£ֲ˵е˱Ըе㡣
һα۸, һ, ΡΡᡣ
Щ, Զ׼ĺ, ˹, 
ţʾο
¶ȵıȽϵͣЪû, ͸о⣬ǳԱ, §Żһϡ
ֺõüףɳƵͳ, ˡ
ֹ̧˵ƣڰе͵͵Դ, һֱڰο˯Ϣ
ЩֺõĻһֱ, ڻҲЩ
ڰһž죬ôϵЩΣ౻
ʵֵ̧ʱͲ, ԭԱֻܿûôҲ
Ժ
ڷڳϣƵġ
á
֪˵ʲôҲĴӦˣɾ֪ڴϵĻʮа˾Ŷš
˵ʲôһֻȴƸ䣬ʮ滺ڸûκͼֺֻѡ
ɼ͸ղȫֱֶͬǣοĴޱȣṥƣֵܵ
ʵҲ˵鲻ᣬŪҲˣֻǡ
ǲʱǣûãƽϢӵߣһᡣ

̫գûк磬ڱǧɹ̫ů͡
Σ΢΢ҡﱧ˸̫ɹû˯
⴦ǽģвٳ»û죬ҲǺ
һֶŹ̴ڳһֻ˱±
Ա߷˸СԲ߹ȥѹ̷£˿ϣš
˯˲࣬ȻҲܵĶԱһЦס
ŵڵϣֹͣ˰ڶ򿪱±˹ȥ
˫űӣǹɣ˼ȵˮ¶ǡô
ԲڳǱߣˮͽӹˮ¡
ֶ̣Ľɵŵ棬ûҡȿʮֽʵ
ùĲͲ棬ͦзɫĴˮˬֶ֭һҧȥﶼǹζ֭ˮ̲ס˼顣
չʱ͸һ飬Ծģ϶Ц⡣
̱£֮
ΧǽţȦһͥԺԲᱻ˿
һ̫ǹ󣬳绹ǲǡ
ǳǳЦ⣬ͣʱ룬ʹŵҲڳ籡˿ڣһ֡
͵ЦԵĵͳЦԸöļɨһ£΢
˼ˣͷڳһĦʱ򣬸ɴͰ˳绳
ôߣЦ˫գһȥ۶ֺˡ
ѡĸרҵȥϣ
֮󣬳ſɤᡣ
գգ۾ͷЩãȻ
սϵУѡսϵķʵսΡ
˵žʹ˹ԣŶѧУϵԺУ鿴սϵģʵսǱޣϵҲѡÿγ̡
廨ŵԺУ֪Ҫѡʲô϶ȥսϵ
ҽǺϵ
Գ˵˻սϵζԺҵпֱȥԸڿԺһȥӵԺϵ
ҪѡҲԡ
ֲһ䣬ʵڲеĻǰͨ˾סİȫأ
ѡǰ˺һ
ҽͺϵȿ
֮ǰû˽̫˵ž͵㿪ǰĹ
˵籡΢䣬Ǹˣڿȵ㿪ҽϵʱ˺ϵҳ档
սϵڻѾָϵͳһˣֻΪһЩӵŪõģȥһְЩҲɲ˶þˡ
ҽѡ
ţϵ˵Ǳܿˣȫҽ̫ۣ̫Ըȥ
û˵ֻҽϵĽ濴
ҽҪѧҽѧҪսϵһѵسܺĿȥһ㶼翪ʼ׼ˡ
翪˵ҽȷʵЩĿҪǺսϵָϵѵҰѵһµУǱȽϲϵ
ҽ¼ȡȽϸߣѧߵȿԳ֤ҽѧ֤㻹ûõ˽ȥĻ̫㡣
˺ϵĽ棬ûпҽʱ£ֿ˵˵Ҳ٣ҽϵЩ¼ȡȷʵҪ֤Щѡҽˣ˹
ʵԳ˵ȥͲֻҽڶѡ
˵㣬͹ҽĽ棬ѧͺˣʵʲôרҵУֻҪú飬˵ҽҲֻΪ磬ϵҲܺһȥӡ
ʱȷʵȽŬֻǳɼһֱеȣϲµģԼ֪ϣԶѡרҵϣȽãȻȷһʵҲ
Ҳѡһרҵ޸ʦ벻ȥԣ
Цֿ˵
ҪԺΪ߼޸ʦˣְ֣ҵ
˵ĸֵʱ򣬳΢΢üԾҪߥѡ
üͰ͵ģΪ翴ġ
Ȼ˵޸ʦҲ֪ǶְҵûӴףרҵͺѣ˵
û£ѡԺͽˡ
ЦŰοǳĻףҲ֪֡
ϵѧλûк޸ʦҪǿмԺĹͲˡ
Ȼһȥǰ߻ǱȽΣյģֻڱΪϵĺϵ
֮ǰԼȥҹиղſҽϵʱ򣬳ʶϲйȥԲ
˵ԻϤγϿ԰ҪԺϵĻһ˳֡
޸רҵսԣãʵҲѣ׺еû𡣡
˵úɣ˭֪߼޸ʦߵﶼܻӭģǳҲϾ֮ǰûӴ
ģ˲ޣ𡣡
Ц˿ڣο˸ССЦ
Ŀ˳޸ʦҲˣԺף޸ף붼Ǽ飬ʲôһ
Цⲻϣ뵽Щ󣬳үЦ˳ɵӡ
ðɡ˵ô࣬͵ͷӦˡ
޸ʦƽ˵ǸԵЩصְҵҲЩ嶯Բףô˧Ļ׶Ҫ޸ʦ֣Ҳͦ
ӦˣһھϣϵЦֲãҫۼˣĬĬƿߣе㷢ȡ
ǿô죬Ƕĳûеֿ
粻֪ٴȥȫǵ⣬޸ϵĿγкüǺͻսϵһϵģζǲͬרҵҲвʱһ𣬶ҺϵָϵҲпγظ
ţһ˿ûиҲ˫Ժϵ˻սϵ⣬ָϵ                        


66

ǵ¶, ͺͺ֦ͷ˺ɫСпЩ, ȵҶѿҲ͸õˡ
ֻǹŶѧУڻûѧ, Ҫȵ³, ԺϵŻ½, Ҳûˡ
ھĸ, , ӳһʱռ˼ڣȻ飬ҲǲᲹϵ, Ҫһѧ
Ϧȥĺܿ죬ɫ˺, ĵƹ
ڿӰŲ˿, Ա߳Ҳչ˳ֺ˿ˮ
Ӱ̨ʺٵĶӰʮ, ˣע붼ڵӰ, ֻԱߵĳȴôʵ
ȥ˯ˡ
ԵƵĴ˵ţѾ
סֻ֣뿴֣˵, Ҳȥ¥˯
ֻʣ°Сʱ
Ŀ⻹ӫĻǽϣŵıȽᡣ
˳󣬲ʱЪ˼
˿ӹһٵĸо
Ӱﵽ˾ʵĲ֣עֱ˹ȥȫ֪Լղ˿ӣ䵽˳С
ȴεЦ⡣
һӰʼİ֣һֱɧ§§ģʹչһڣ˵ʵʱעûа취еӰϡ
翴Ķ䣬ֻ֪һֱ۸䣬ȥ¶İ
ȵӰʱ򣬿ĵƾͱˣҲ§Ĵ˶¥ҡ
ڳ籡˿ڣͿԷЦòãҲԾ۾ǳǳЦ⡣
ʵĳΪƵĻҲǲԸͳһ׻߱ٻߣǸܵ顣
ֻ˵ڵģһ붼ö̡
ѧͲˡ
ǹ΢΢ͳ˵˵úܳϿңϾѧҪѧҵΪġ
á
ûκԥӦĺܿ죬ɳƣ˿˵ڣǲҪЩԤ֧ˡ
۾΢΢ȻͲ֪룬˼
˻ҲʢʲôֻͲᱻţǸտ磬ǹʾڶûȥֲ˵ͷ
ֻǶ˵емܲסˡ

³ŶѧУˣţȥϵͻ޸ϵĵڶѧڣ˵ֻǵһѧڡ
Գ˵ѧУֳûκιϵûȥսϵָϵǱߣֻǰ·
ǣ·ϣѧǣ·ĳܳע⡣
ֻͲ̫һùߣϸѧھĸ£ûѧУֹǶ꼶˵ôϤ
ûôЩĿ⣬Χѧ¥ֹסЦ⣬˻صʱЦڡ
ôġ
ף˵˹ȥ
ͷ֣˾һ϶Ц⡣
Ҫ𡣡
˹ڳǰߵʱ̾˵
ţ֪
Ц˵߻ףֻ뱧ѣȷʵе룬Ҳִ֪磬˵һѾԹٴΣ˲Ҳ񫣬ڿסȫû⡣
ɳϣڳϣƣЩߣ첲һֱڳϡ
һûһ˵Żǣ࣬üģǳǳһ˵˵ţ׵һζݿһ

ڶ죬һͱˡ
һڿΰ˵Ҫʼߵ㣬۾Ϳվڴߵĳ硣
Ѿѵ΢΢Ѿˡ
㼸ģ
ȥӳ·첲ʹӱ˳ϸ⻬ƤһЩۼ
Ǹ첲طҲУǳгġ
ĵࡣ
ͳЦ⣬ҵͷëģָйںá
ͷ賿ʱ֪ˣΪ̫ûۣҲ˯˯ˡ
ϴ¥ѾѼõͶ˵˲ϡ
ţ̣һСڣ۾ȵĳ磬ѹ
صһʱ䣬ûô磬һЩ飬ǰÿѵ£ʵʱ򣬳ֻ˵ھĸ¶ǸǿѵҪϢȻֻҽڶѣ˵ϢҲͲϢ
˵֮ǰҲϰˣֻΪĳԭ򣬻ǳɵģܺúϢҲе;ĳȫͬ
˯Ļ˯
翴ģЦ˵ĿγסˣֻڿΣԻͿԺúϢ
񣬵һϿΣܲܳٵߴ˯
緹˾ͳֱѧУ
ĵһÿսϵĳγ̣ѾϵڶˣòѧڵݣҺγƵݵġ
ߵսϵĽѧ¥֮󣬸պûսϵڲԶӳùֽ鱾
ͣ½Ųתͷ磬˵Ҫȥˡ
Ѿߵѧ¥ǰѾߵʮˣʮӾҪϿΣҲȥսϵˣҲпγ̡
š
Ӧ˵ĺ
ֻøѧ¥ߣΪҪȥŻ뿪
һֱڽҵλ£ҲûߣԱˡ
ѡǿλӣʽĽҺŷΪ֣мǺܳһţ߿ֻĸλã棬档
Ӳ⣬ߴٳ磺ȥϿˣһ첻ӿΡ
˭˵ӿˣ
˵ߴӿռťó飬תͷЦ£΢΢ü
գ۾ȡϡ
ÿǺָϵһϵġ
˵ţãȻӣЩ滹ǿסˣ˶࣬Сǻȥ˵
ָϵģ
˵׹ŵĳ磬Ļȿе㻵һǹû˵
ֺȻǣסװЦ۾ðɣʵҲ֮ǰʱ룬Χʶ
ܿ˲ˣŲæŴ󲿷˶ºϿˡ
װĵʦǸ۾ң΢Цеģźܺദûжٷϻ򵥽˼ùͿʼϿΡ
ܿƼѾܷһ˵ѧУᱣֽ鱾ϿεĴͳ
ֻϾһͺܵ£󲿷˶չ˵㹻λҲࡣ
Ա߲ʱɨߣ֪ڿ硣
ѧڵĿǲҲûϣ
ʳ磬Ϊǵڶᣬղʦᵽǰ֪ʶе㲻̫
ûȥٿҿ˽㡣
һ˵š
ѧĿòûôϽֻҪ춯ҿãʦһֻ۱һֻۡ
ô˵ԥһ£û̵ͷ˵ãǣȻȴѾղǸɵ
Ծǲܽ类ǸСЦˣȴûͣպҪдʼǣעҲߡ
ʼǵĿ۳鱾ͰԼŲŲ˳סԼд֡
ֺƯһϣͦźɢдˮĸоʵƯִ
ٿԼ֣˲͸ܵ˲ࡣ
Աߴһ͵͵Цǳ磬תͷһۡ
ȥʼ֡
˵ţ˿һҲ˱ʼǡ
Ц˵ƵģϿҪ͸һ飬ֻÿʦһʱЩΪӲϡ
ﲻ
翴ǳı飬ѹʵ
ָһεݺԱ˸ǣ˵ȥ㽲ǻ֪
ųָ޳űʣ̬Ưÿձʵƶÿͷ˼ȴ˸С                        


67

ڶڴνʱ, Ѿˣ·ߵȳ硣
ϵսϵĿ, ڶھȥսϵ֮ǰ˵ȡ
̫, ɹů, ߵ˺ܶ, , ˵ЦһԵ·Щ, ѰҳӰ
ǸͻĮȻȴޱߵ˺, СС֡
ϵ䵭ڿ̾ûˣԱǽ, ͬǸ˧ˣһ, ˣΧŮӻˣߴ󲿷ֶڳϵġ
߹ȥ, 绰û˵ץס֣ΧĺüŮӺ˶һ˲, ӿǰվ·ߺǣֵĳܿں档
󣬽Ц£ұ߶ϴ˸, ͷߣ¶ͷһЦԵƦʮ㣬ɼǺ˧
ܾЦеϤ²ʱЦҲƦر𻵡
ֲϵá
ȥȥ
Ҫߣʵ
ȥ
翴ЩͷղŶ˵˲ȥʣǰûģ¡
Ǻãͷ
Ǿ仰Ƕ˵ģЦŸ֣͸У⣬ǡʶˣһߣ߻֣˸кǶʶ
ͳǱߣʸղŽ˵ʲôתһ룬ûпڣÿ˶Լ˽ҪǲԸ˵ĻҲֻΪѡ

ӹ飬߱
е㡣ʵش
Ѿˣȥܳԡ
Ա߹ԹԸˣûסͷࡣ
üؿ磬ȴ۸ڻꡣ

ıӶ¥һЩֵ춯ҵûйغãֻš
ƺһ飬ſڳϣһֻĸ첲һֻֿԴѹ೤ְԵѾ˺ܳʱ䣬ÿζʱ򣬳Ż΢ſȵϢһ£ִչ
ȲķӦСţֵǸʵϣҪ뿪
Ҷ
ɳƣǵʱ̫Ҳ΢΢
һ⻰ʵˣֻſƽϢ¡
ſСһţܹҲ˰ͷ
һ˴
Ϊ䶼ĳѵң鷿Ҳûܱ⣬ͷҲóȥ
ܲпΣ֣ҿ˸㽲
ȡһֵĹߣһڿ϶ЩϿεʱ͵ˣ˲𿪺Ѿŵ޾һ顣
ʣվְ־ձƣָֻů˰ĵĸо
ã
д˼֣翴˳ƿ˾䣬ǰʲôһ䡣
ԱųǸǵʱԷСģܺ۸Ҳܺƭɳ绹ǸϲЦݵʼֻƭ棬ɵ׻һֱڿôӡ
ڹԹֵº󣬳Ա߿ʼѧڵ顣
˳緭ʱ΢û˶ģʱʱһۣͷд֣Ц⡣
дһҳ±ʿԱ߳顣
ôˣ
ƺ˵ʲôľ飬ֻý鷴ϣдù
仰ʵĺᣬﻹЦ춼Ǿú
㿴Ķ𣿡
ԥţջʳ˿ڣССģɻ
ڿĳ綯һ٣ǣϿεʱǸɵСһ
ϻѧԼģҾ͸㽲
̵ĳ޺˰ͷҪΪԼ
Ȼȵ񣬿ĸо
˸ԱĶίŶͷʶѡ
ұ
ʵҡͷ΢Щ
ǣ㿼˶٣
ڳ翼ŶѧУ飬ʮֺģСţŶͷ³ٵԱĶ
Ҫָ֪ϵͻսϵǺܺõרҵܸߣ¼ȡ߶ѧУܱȵģղû뵽ǿġ
Ȼ뵽ԼβͽķͻȻеݣΪ
ĳЩʱ̣ĪǺĪģڣ;õβͽķǰе˵ڡ
ǰû϶ܽ˵ֲǴͳָ߿ҪսϵĻεķкǿҪǾܹģԾûзϡ
һ㿴ʱ򣬳֪صֻüסЩˣʱ䶼ܳȥˣҵûд˶ϲȫѧУЩͨȥȥԺܶɼ0֣Ͳ⣬˵ûκӰ졣
żȥһԣҲдʮ⣬÷๻˾ˣûܹס߿ЩĻζԸģû뵽
ûеȵĻشŵҲ
ߡ
绹еͷ£ûŪ
ɵĵͷûлʱȷʵƭɲ飬µܷǺܸߣɾ㲻ߣԼĺˡ
ǲΪҿϵġ
ץ˿ڣʳԼĲ²⡣
ԥԥĵͷүָˣǾ͡ݺݡ˹ȥ۸ᶼա
һƬǽ壬ǳүԼȥʰ

ܿ٣һϿξôȥ
ѧûҵһѧֻмζѣԻȽɡ
׼ϴ裬մ¹׼øɾ˯£һСӾʹ
ӵϼúЩ죬ʹˣöںҹлǳֵıʯ롣
û뿪ǵʱ򣬳ס˳ַǽ¹С
¹ƽʱ·ЬӺһĶñŹȥ
֮ǰЩǹâͰӺ˳ˣصƵĻ˵ٴοǸƯĳ
հѱʯʱһĸоʹӿ˵ô£ԭأöǹⱦʯĹۿɼĵȥ
˺һļܵĸоûˣıʯ£һ΢ġꡱ𣬱ʮֽʵ̵ıʯˡ
ʱ˷䣬һֱֱѿıʯ롣                        


68

ߵǰ, 翴ıʯüͷ塣
㶵ģΪŪʯе, ִöʯ˹
˾ˣͷ򡣡
翴ƻڲıʯ, ˵ú, Щ, ֻı鿴̫Ծ
Ҳűùȥıʯ, ܿ, ˺ü飬׻ˣīɫĹҲûˡ
ϲ
һֻͷ, ¼˵һĿ̫ܲңпϵĶ򡣡
˵ͷ, չȥ¡
Ȼû˵Ȼ, ɻǽ˻ﱧš
û£ɵĲȥµĲ
˵Ц⣬ͷ, ˳ͷס
ڱ籧סʱԾҲرס, ǸȽʵϲ˲䣬Ϊķ
ԭһΪĶڿǸͻȻֵĹ, һգգģûд򿪹ԣңͳ֣̫һ
ĳ磬սöʯ룬ɫ˳
ղǹǴﴫģȻҲɵʧˣԴȷöʯ
ֻһͨˣûôǿľʯ׻ӷʧ˵ôǿǺܾöȻʧɳ󣬷ûκд档
öʯֻһֺںɵ󣬱ֺ۸ȻǳȥˣΪںڰеı仯ЩȻǹֹͺγɵʱİǹ˽ȥѧ޷ֻͣ˵漣
֮ǰû̽һԴʯֻһôʵõװƷ
ֲʯ̼ҲܲҪԴʯ۸ʮ֮ϣóһŶԴʯķ֣ЩԴ˸߶ӡ
ߵ죬ƾõĽڲʱеΣԶԶڵϵЩһֱڽֱڡ
ʼ̵̤ʱ򣬺Щľ޴ȣʮСںͲʱʺҲԷ
Сδóеһص㣬ڻΣպĴ̼֮£һ̣ɸѡʿȽⷽĸ죬ʱΪα
ЩѪȺͲɿصѹȥڵȶÿҲֻܷ㹻ˣЩŻǿ;һ
ԭһڶ˵˻ᱻӣԷǸеʵǿɵֵġȫԳΪеĶֻһ£֧ڶģһֵ͵
ӴЩھĵλȫԴ򣬶ҺĸڲϵóܹԼ뷨ţǽָǿȸ߱Ե
ֻЩǿˣнǿľܵþԴʯȻԴǿʡ
ֻǸͨˣʻǾֻͨ˵ķΧһ֪ƽǵʱ˵ϳ綼
űʯ֮ǰûбԴʯ͹Σﱻġ
籧Żˣû˵˼ӿЩ뷨Ϥѹ£ް
˾˺һͻȻ̧ͷ˵ȥE
仰ùͻȻó綼¡
Eҫưɡٴο˵ȫ档
Ȼ仰ó۾һ˲΢С
ҫµľưɣ֮ǰȥģEõĵطΪʲôȥУô֪ҫĴڡ
漴ַ
ҫ绺ڣʲô
֪ΪʲôͻȻеˣΪı̫ƽǡ
΢תͷĿһĿ̧ͷ硣
ųѾɿץų·˵ȥ
ô֪ҫģ
ȴûֺãֻʵ
ûиҫĴڣӦҲܣ뵽Ǹĸ֮󣬺΢ܽһ¡
ֻǺúõģȴͻȻ˵ҪȥEֱӵҫϸղŵȫߵһǰһʵǣ졣
иղԱߵĶĿ⣬翴ұߣʲôûУһ糣
ֳҲǱߣ˲ͽĳڴ
Ȼһ̣еڴʧ䣬ߺܿѲһת˻ûпǸܽĹ
ھȥ
ûлشô֪ҫ⣬ȫʧ䣬ֻ˵
ץų·ţҲԸԶ磬ǸͻȻֵĶʵе㺦£⵽ڶûȥ
΢΢ͷȴʼûеش𣬳ֻ΢ƺڿǡ
ˣֹס˳粱ӣѹס

ɣ罫ĿĵúãתͷͿ
ܸ˵
żʻλڣڿֺ¶εЦץ֡
죬˵ͻȻֵԳƵνϵͳ֣Ǻǰһ˵лᱩ¶Ļں䣬Ͷ޷
ʧѪɫĵ׵ĵǸأʱȴֻܰο˵ҲУ˵ʱ˵
Ϊ仰ɫ԰׵ܶųֺܽԸɿ
ֱҪͼԳ̹׵ͷŷԼ˵ˡ
˺һǣ̽ſڣ˵
ԼЩʪ󣬿ˣһֻ۾
ֱֹ֪˵ĸоڿֲԼڡһǸǰһֱûʧ
仰óĵ׵ľ˲͵˶塣
һϤӿ󣬷΢Ļеţһ䣬ϹԵĻ׿ռťŹâɫеâ淢ɨܴڵΣա
㱻вˣ
мĸ񵲱յ£罫΢ֱӾ󣬶һǳɣͬʱ
⵽ΣպԶȫûйȻһ׶ˣڷȴġ
ղŵĻ̿һֿٵĶʧڳϣܵ˶΢
첲ϰס˳粱ӣһžˣüâէ֣ȴȫǶĵġ
ûУûбв
չȥ˲§Ӳţֹɡ
仰ǵĶó˿üס
ʱEҲ쵽ˡ                        


69

ѧУͱȹҵ, ʱѾˣ󲿷ֵֽʹ¥˵, ҵֵط
һ¥¥ͣ£תͷŷʾ, Eˡ
Ҫȥʱ, ȴ
˵˵ô¡
˵뵽֮ǰвѰľٶ, Ǵˤʼ, ֵֹ, ˵һЩ̫ܶĻЩΪ;ٶҪ뿪
üͷ, ԽԽãƺʲô, ƿطΧȻ, ͻȻҪ뿪£Ҳһֱڶе⣬һ뿪ʱ, ûŵֻԼͻȻҪ, û˵κŷɡ
ȻûЩԾóһֱ޷⣬Ը֤ѹǰе̽, ֻҪû¾ͺãɽ죬ͻȻһ
ǲ˵
ԥı飬һַԺ޳ָͷžͺݺ˼£й޿ֵıƸС
ͷü鿴еίûа취úýͣ̾˿
Լͷ֣绺ڣ
һ£˵Ҳԣšһ
Ǹ˲˵ּʵ
š
ִ𵽣ЩڷԼܻشʱ򣬺Ȼ˿ʶһ㶫֪һ뵽ԺһĴڡ
ûΣգ
ʮҪҺһʵǲ֪⣬ֻ
пж˻£ڵǻڿ˹ǣӦöûеˣţ򿪹ԣִ˼ŷ˹ȥˣûпҲûʣֻش˳ղŵ⡣
ûСЩԥȥӰεǸ˵Ӧûаɡ
仰˵꣬Ϳ϶һ֡
ʧܣұĳͷ
ʵе㲻ǰֵЩֻǱ˸Цø߿ƼڳǰֻһԶЦѡ
ţͻȻв˵ʵЩãȻġ
ޡ
ԺкȻһڵ粨ӲȵžһȶĻе
ϵͳĴ桢ڡ
仰Ժˣֵ۾ϽʧѪɫ
Ӳȣתת塣
ǸеٴʮУȫν롣
ԭߣó
ʱ䣺ʱ46ӡ
ʧܺ
ǺܳһС֣деǺͳҫưʱĳ
֪ЩСֽݣԺǱкܶģĵطɹǺͳһΣдʮ
һֱڿ鲻ԣüͷ
ôˣʵ
еĻȻΪ仰תͷźúܽĳ磬ǿ˶
ûʲôȥҫưɡ
ҡҡͷ֪ڵģڣֻȥ飬ֻʣ46ˡ
ЩżԭʵĻû˵ڣ˷ȥҫ

谵ҵľưɡҫEصһưɣһ˺ѽȥɽ죬½̶Ⱥ˴
ϸǿߵͫȫǻ̻̲
ӵУ˶žڴ󣬸еڼӵŮŮű¶Ӻڰ
ʳڵˣȴͨư˶磬е࣬źܶ¼
½̶ǰһ½Ļ棬ѣθθڲϷڣʹ̱ǵζǴ̼Ÿй񾭣ҪŻµͷ

ͷһͲܿƵĿʼԺѭ
Ųɱһֻ
Ƚյİź½̶ͣ˽Ų
ĸ˻ûзӦʱȾܣˮµ޶ҿޡ
뿪
ͷԽԽǿңһ߶ˣҲôܸǱȲǼ˸ˣ½̶ܿͱץסˡ
ҲһЩע⣬ڿ˿ʱʶҲ̫Էֻſڣ㣬ҡ
Ǹ§Ů¶ȣںץס½̶˶һۺ󣬻ʲôû˵ֻܽﻨƵضѣû١
ǰˮģǸץס˿ֵġ
ģǰܣҪ㻹ã١
Ļû˵ֻ½̶´һȫǰªl
½̶Ӻ£ɪţδεȴҷ
ҲǿСڲ£ץסֻ죬ӱһȫǲмҪ½̶ղŵĵطߡ
Ľȴģһǣ
ǰе˶ǱƤĶеѣΣЩصlﱻŴ󵽼ǰȫǣղǸª½̶еġ³
Ȼ½̶ٴǿǸ˵ĿƣȥȫۣԲܴ
ľưȻײһˡ
ǰĽŲֹͣ׷˵áŭھư
ģܣӽ첻Ū㣡
ԽԽá½̶Ҫٴܣײ˵Ǹܡ
ȵȡ
ͳĴһֻ첲ǰǼѾˡ
ͷץסקʱ½̶ͷקۣһƬУǸῡĮˡ
ҲǸĮȻ˿½̶
ƺЩ㶣½̶ץͷǰϵʱΧ˶û뵽ˡ
һƬУ½̶ȴƺˣֻǸҲֿ˽Ǽץס̷ڵأֺܿ죬Ҳ㹻жҪк
½̶ΪǼ˻ᶯֵʱ򣬷ǿǸ˵󣬸Ͳһ֡
ˡ
֪ô½̶Ǹսˡ

ߣԺͻȻһ֣͵ǽϣ֡˳ֵʱһ
½̶ʱĳͷҫư
Ȼͨһ㣬Ϊʲôϵͳ粻Ļǲ½̶Ļᱻ
Էֻһ߶ƯСˣƭ
֮ǰǶѡӱܵǻЩǣûκθо˵ЩֻһֶѣǸţģޡ
ղųֵЩ֣ȻЩ̺ҫǸС˵ĻԺЩܾһҪĿˣҲͦõģȥЩ
Զ϶½̶Ǹˣǳ硣
ݺܿ͵ˣͳ˵ʲô־ǰߣֱΪҫľư
ܴҲСдĺٵŮԺ˱§ţﻹʱĳЩɵ졣
ͣ˽ŲԱߵĳ磬ΪЩڱ¶ʼ̡
һδһôͻȻ·ҲЩǰ֪ͨаգʱҲ˵Щʲô
һεķգǾ͡
ڽв԰ĽͣȷʵʵҪЩҲô裬νġɡӣʵʺá񻶡棬úڰĿ񻶡
ǸϵͳʮӵĵʱڻʮӣҲ֪½̶ǲǻû
ٴοȺڳĻˣȴûΪ⣬ʵǲۡ
ڳ֮Χ˶ҲԱߵ
Ѱ½̶䣬ƺǲ̫ҽȺѰֻվѰҡ
ĵطԱߵĳɫüȫĮȻͼҪ˶һۣԷΪе;ͣס˽Ų
һ֣˳Ȼ֪Ҫʲôɳ绹Ǵ
ȥתͳ˵ֻůĴ֣ƺĿ־һЩ
á
Ļش𣬲ھư߹͵͸Էһ䣬ǣȺߡ
ү
˺ͳк˵ͿŨŨζڳ缸¶û飬˶еȣ֮ǰ⵽ˣֻǶû뵽ܸųôá
俴ǣǸ˵ֺ󣬸Ҫ֪ͳ֮䣬׷ʲô֮ǰųЩˣƯûбǣߡ
Χ˴߸еֱֱ˻ȥĿȫ⣬Դ˴Ǹӻ̬ԡ
ߵ˻رˣҲûȥȫ
Ҳʱ˼ŭǰȺţһӰǰ
ưĵƹֶ߲ôɼǿǸƯСˡ
Ӧܿ죬ȷԷ½̶ǡ
ԳΧ˵߽ȫ֪Щż֪ʱҪˣ½̶ײ
ɲ֪ǲλõԭĳһˣڣȴվ½̶ıؾ֮ء
ڱײʱ˽סԷ׼˭֪Ӧܿĳȴһѽ˹ȥܿײ
½̶ͳ߲                        


70

˵ʲô, ק½̶ķܣ, ĸ׳Ҳܵ
ȺʶֿЩԱⱻײ
ס
ûʱ, ܱ߶Գ˵, ĸ˼ȥ׷½̶, ׷׿, ΪжԼҪˡ
ưƽʱûĹԱܿ͵, ׷ںĸˡ
ҲĻ˵ɿǣŵ֣һ, ׷Ǹܵˡ
½̶ˣŲݻ, ĿⲻԾһֱΧĹʾ, ˿ǽ⡣
ȥСĿ½̶ͷĨ, Ҫߡ
粻ͷץŶԷ, վתͷüͷܲҪΪһˡ
, ̾˿ʱҲýʲôߵ½̶ǰ
һʱ֪˵Щʲôһ´ǲſڣ½̶
ʵС˵ϵͳʾѾɵʱ򣬾ͿȷˣֻҸѡ
˵Էֵ飬óüͷĸҲͷȥµˡ
ԷɵͷСС忴Żûãѿһ
ʵ½̶Ȼݣȳƣòϵȣֻǳ绹ûпΪԷС˵ԭܵҲΪˣΪôöԷе㲻̫˳ۡ
ˣ㻰
˲˵ֻޣЩͷˡ
Եúܴ³Ļ̧ͷСȵһۣķҲ㲻׷ʲôĳү̾ͱ졣
ߵ˲٣ĮȻ˭ûĳ类һѵʲôҲ˵ĳһ˶쾪°͡
ľٶ¿һĻĵ˳ץǸ˸첲֣ʮ˳Ӿ֣һ㱩ûУﻹǸ޷ĳү
Χ⣬ȺĽ̸С˺ܶ࣬˲ˣͷСˣЩơ
뵽翴Է󣬺Щ̧ͬͷȥ硣
ү˪ʮֲˬӡ
үЩˡ
ưɵĹԱĸ׳˹ˣͷ˿ʳ硣
Χ̫࣬翴ۻںǸ˽ֵǴǼȥƽʱ÷
Ļȷʵ࣬½̶һȥ
ɲ֪ǲ֮ǰŻСˣûзʱ̾ȥ
ҲǸϿһϤӰҲͷܡ
ưĹԱƽʱڸв̫ߣʱֳųˣ½̶ǰü˵סǰһֱӽ˳רõķ䣬½̶ͱȲ
ųһ⿪ŵͨ˽ȥȺ߱赲˶ΪϷаź

ɾķһͿĸ׳ѹŹڵϣŲһ£ǱŽ˷䡣
ڳʾУǹָĸͷĹԱǹ֧
ûҲûиЩ˶ݻֻ̫ǸղһĻ˶ˡ
½̶Ҳ˽µʱС̧ͷ˿ΧĻ
ҲһۣĿĳ翴ࡣ
һԹߣ˵Ӳ½̶̧ͷҲ˳Ǹ㶵ı顣
˹̲̫һһ㻹Ǻˡ
½̶
ͳɻؿظŸղ˵֡
˫۾ϤһģһһۣҲеƣֻվģô񣬻ȫǲ⡣
½̶ȫᣬ͵Щվ￴Ż̿޴롣
粻ϴ½̶ԷҪˣŵץ½ǵֶڶ
Ȼ߳ǰ˵ݣԼ˵ϵͳǸ壬ûκζֻиղǼ֣ҪԼȥ֣˵
С˵˳ս˺ͳǣһ֣
½̶ǱƭģǼҪղžưĻҲˣһϸ߶Сں
ǳˣȥԷתͷĿҲȫǲ⣬Ҫҵľˡ
ʶ
翪ʣͳöҲʮᣬϰ䵭ĮȻĹԱ̲סܿջߡ
ʶʶҡͷ˵֮ǰȷʵ½̶ûҲ̸ʶ
Ҳûţתͷͷ£˿첽߹ȥ½̶Ϻͱˡ
ɳ£翴½̶ʱûסˡ
ûˣϢһ¡
˺ܶ࣬ģǸİ˵ʱò룬ǳǳЦ£Էֻһ߶СˣС
˵۳磬ղų̫³ˣ½̶Ǻġ
ɫȴ˳Щˬ
˵仰Ͳ֪˵Щʲôˣԭ췢飬ûֵġ
½̶СĽ£ߺһֻܵŵһ̻̲۾ȫǾţֻòٿתͷͳһ¡
Ȼ§סЩϰôܵĶﻹвˣ΢΢۾ͷͳš
ɿֺ󣬳翴˱ѹڵϵĸˣüķâΪٴθ֡
˭ģ
ʱʶȥ¶ụ̂ע⵽ֵµọ́һԣֻðҡͷʾⲻá
֪½̶˭µĻȻҲֱӰѶԷĸ˷׷׶һۣ˸ģղҪץ½̶ʱҲᣬȴʲô˵
û˵ҲΪ½̶ĳ֣нЩ߰飬ⲻЩƣߣ˰Ѷǰͷ¶˶ͷǺйԵĳ࣬ǰ鷢ղסâ
ó˵ϰΪֽĸϡ
ү
ƫһ˾ȥķǹ֧һӾ
ĵĻû˵ڣͱޱķж°͡
Ǹַ䣬ӸղųʱһֱµؿǰһС
ʲô˭ģûͷûԵĻãȻС
뵽ݣԳдһġСһ㡣
ĸҪôж°ͣҪôס˱龪ֵ㣬һֱصҪ˵ȴûа취ãؿ磬ʶʵȥ
üȫǵĮĳһۣԻ˺ܶ࣬ʻһ˲ĽӲܿӦԵĻ
졣
翴˵óϿңԾֱͦ˴㿿ɳϵļƺ˵͸˵
δ˽ưɣͼlףӦܵͷ
仰Ȼͷʾ֪ˣҲ֪⼸ȷʵ½̶ģԶڳľʮ޳ɵģ˾Ӧñͽ
ţûһ˿ͬ飬ͣϵĸˣнţǵֵأҲԼҪЩ˿ڵ顣
»ɴϳȥ⼸˵ķãȻˣĻʱ
үʲôʱطӡ
ڽ½̶ͳĶԻӦıˡ
Ŀ־ɢЩǱߵˣмĵӿɵ׶ԷҲİˣҽӽ
űƿղųȥǸͷ˽鵽½̶ݡ
״ɳ˵ҳȥһ¡
ſڵ˵û߽
ɻ󣬲ҲղſǸ˲½̶ݣӦнˣûɣֻͷ˵á
ĸҲ˳ȥֻʣ½̶
棬ǼҪôʱ򣬳翴Ǽ˱鲻ôͷ˵ſڣٰ֤ݴȥ
˽粻Ը֪ЩҺִ֪ܵԼǰЩ顣                        
лҪ˵طù磺ǽ

С糡
˳˼Ա߳翴ʣôˣ
̧ͷ峺޹ǰҹڷǲҲΥˣ
磺
֮ǰ˵ˣǰΪʲô߿ǿˣʵҪˣһҪܣҪı˺һҪԪдЩֻһִˬѣԪʵһҪ壡ȻּԸǺٵģԪֽƬ˺Ԫǵ÷ֿôôô~


71

ֻʣ, ǱӲ½̶
һʱ֪˵Щʲôŵ, ջߣܰ
Ǹϵͳ廹ǰ, Щֻ, Ȼ, д, ҹ½̶鷳, һֱûп
ϸԺǱô飬ڱ˻󲻸뿪ǣȥ˺ü, Ҫȥ½̶鷳, ȴˡ
ġĲ࣬ʱ䶼֪, ɾЩ򵥵һʴ̿˺ܾá
ֿ½̶̲סȥ, Լô鷳½̶ֻǸͺС, ܺͶԷʲôͻȥ鷳
ԽԽգҲ֪Щ鶼ôġ
ĵ̾˿ֻܰοԼ, ûб˻飬ҲȥǼ壬ȥ½̶鷳ԣûкͳ飬Ҳᱻߡ
뵽һϵͳЩӦãɡ
ϵͳһҪЩ鶼Ļ
򴽣ɫеˣȥνҪдЩһԺô졣
űƿ˽ϡ
߹󣬳ϰץס֣ʮָ۵ƣܡ
ϵĽָΪҪѧѧУ˶࣬ͺѽָʱժ
統ʱȻܲԸڱֺú󣬻ͬˡ
˶ŽҲվ½̶翴ûЩͷԷӺСС֣Ϳһ۶µĵͷ
ˣȥ翪˵
վԱߵͷһۣ룬ӦǷ½̶ˣ˵Ѿˡ
ⲿֵֻһ򵥸ֻ֪½̶ǳ½̶ĸǰиġ
ϵľǲ̫ģΪݴһֱӽе½̶صǵݣֻ½̶ĽǶȼ򵥻һ¡
ȥɲ½̶
С̧ͷ˫Ưһﻹ⣬ƺжϳ˵Ļʵԡ
½̶˵ü뵽ʲôֺͻֻﻹЩͷ֣˵˵
˶ݵĶһۣ˼Ϳ˵£ؼҵģЩѾ͵ˣ£ھؼҡ
ɤźдСģҲ󣬾½̶ֺµ

ȵ¥ĵݴ򿪣ȴɫȴܺڣһˬ
ǣſ½̶˳
ΪԷ̫뵽㱻ľҲʵˣ˵½̶ûκγͻìܣԷֻһʮĸС꣬;ڰ飬˭ĺºͻ̿֡
뵽½̶һ䣬Щھưɴ½̶߱Сĳʱ򣬾ס˶Է֣Ȼʱǣų硣
Ϸ󣬳˷Ϸȥ½̶ղڵסַ
ֱڣɫҲôã˭Ƿڡ
ڸʻں½̶˺棬ʱԥһ£ڿ½̶ı󣬻Ǹһ˺档
˵ǻİˣôСͷͰͿ½̶̫Ưûеֵסգû֮ǰ˵½̶һ󣬵ܵûС￴Žʵ
Ϊ̫죬Ҳ֪Ҫ˵Щʲôֻ½̶һں棬ǰĳ磬ֻܿͺףǸĲԾͲ̫ˣЩΡ
ЩεķΧһֶû˵ܲˬֻϽ½̶ͻȥ
һʱ޻翪ֿ죬ٶȾе㲻ʣû˵ʲôΪ⣬ǣ½̶ʱֻ½̶Ҳø˵
ͷֵ½̶һֱάơ
ֵ¶ƺвд棬Ǹղʱµȡ
ǼƭưڽʱԷ˵ǮʱŻȻ򣬿ɶԷ·Ͽýûа취ѣһֱ˾ưҵᣬڵһαץסʱǰһƬڰûз
ڶαסʱΪץסǸ˺Щһġ
Ƶķתû뵽ʼֻΪԼҪˣĸ˱ߴȥ˵ĶԻ˵ҪЩͽ֪Լˣͬʱе㲻š
ֱ߳䣬ҵֺȺɺ£ǰǸƺᣬ˵ʱҲ
ǸˣǸһƢͲãȻúܺÿԸȥǸˣΪԷһֺĸоеҪȥ
ʼֻ뿿Էһ㣬øˣиűˣ֪ģǸ˵ܴҫưķģϰ֮ˡ
û뵽Ǹǣס֣ϸָƯͷʱܿ
ס֣½̶תͷĿڵʱ˵


Ŀĵغܿ͵ˣҲͣƺѷͣ˿ռȽϴĹ㳡ϡ
ľٶ˲ٻ߶˵Ŀ⣬Ǽܷû۵ӣҲδϳֹΪǸӡ
ľ涼ʧˣǱΪʲôȨ˸طͣ£û뵽ֻǸͷ࣬˱ſֵ˼װXͷҪˡ
ǼĳһֱûзͣȨȻҲ㳡Ѳͷ⵽֮Ȼֵµ˸Ƭĸ˴к
ûط֣˵ưܣ˷ͿΧһУͲԶƹ⻪ĳγĶԱȡ
ЩƺҲһС
½̶֪סǵˣвٶƶȷʵȽһ㣬Ǵ򹤵ģҲƲƶ
½̶ؼңϾ̫Сˣ壬ܾе㲻ȫ
Աߵĳ磬ûסСʵҺͻȥ𣿡
Ϊȷ˼ϻǱݣǻ½̶ĸ׵ģֻǲ֪һ죬ſʵ
ȸ
ͷղŲˬź˵㡣
Сڰӿڣ·ʱŲҴңס˽ȥʱ򣬽ŲҲܴæصסͽš
סĶǾò̫õƽ񣬷ݱȽƾɣͻ컹ܶ࣬һ˵С͵ʱʱ쵹Ǻ۸ͬסһˣɴ󲿷˻ǱȽϺ£ϡ
½̶վӿڣŲͣͷˡ
ǾԼʵӦģĸҲӦ֪Ҫл
翴ͣ½ŲͿʵȡʲôˣ
½̶۾΢΢Щԥţڿһſڣ˵ȡ½ĸף˵İ£û
ǺȽ󣬿߻ȫͬģ½̶һԽС
һο˵ô໰֮ǰڵ˵ַʱС˵Ͳ˵֪Ϊʲô󣬾˵ĺƯòԾ룬ǣ
شĳûκ⣬ֻ˵߰ɣȥ
½̶ݣѾȷֻҪټǸһ档
½̶ʱȴЩ裬ų磬ƺڱԷĿģϾԷ˵֣˵ڻֻİ˶ѣ֮ǰƭĲʹѵ½̶ò˾裬룬ԷԼ
ľ֮£˳
ңӦûиĸףҲ԰¼塣
绺ڣüȫģ˵Żȥǣ֣վӿڵ½̶ˡ
ûзƯ꿴ԥţջǴȥԼҡ                        


72

½̶, û߽ȥãʹͳսһ¥
ŲŵЩ, õƹ¥Ƚ, ߲Ƥǽ治֪Ⱦʲô, ɫͻɫۼкܶ, Ҳ̫ɾ, ˾̤ĵط, طǻҳ
½̶ͷۣϣ, ƺЩִ٣ɵ׻ʲôû˵, ¥ȥ
¥Ƶĵƹ⣬Ǹ, İЦ½̶ûпתͷ̫ˡ
ǸЦȴԱߵĳ翴΢õֱ, ġ
ͷʱ򣬳ͷ, ѹѸ˵˾䣺ҵš
ҧгݵζãȻΣ仰Ūе£ֲȥ, ½̶Ҫȥˣų¥ߡ
¥ݱȽխòȷſ磬һǰһ½̶ȥ
үֱſʱɫ͸Ӳˡ
¥ͣ½̶ֱߵķݡ
һҵķǿطŶȽСΧסһŵ˴Ӻʹɾ࣬ҲɨıȽϸɾֻ̫СˣɳҲС
ͳ½̶Ӿִ١

Ĭһ²˵ȥñӵˮ
컨ȽϵͣñͲĿռ俴ŸСͰڳӱ͸ߣţһ־Ϳ컨ӡ
ͳ£ﴫһǸŮ˵
˭ˡ
ɳƵóתͷţüͷ壬֪Щʲô
½̶û̾ͻشˮͳǰĲ輸ϣ΢΢˵ҽȥһ¡
£΢΢ͷֿ˵Ǹɾġ
仰ȽС½̶˵ߡ
Ǿ仰󣬴½̶ľִǴģɸɾĲ˿ˮȻͳһ£ССɳϻãɳһԵЩӵ
Ȼûô׳ʵɵǸߺضеԣǼţ¸߸ݵģ϶ᣬ̫ʵɳ΢Ŀ֨춯
û½̶ڣֹǸϸĦźݺռ˰ѱ˺󣬲Ŀջ֡
ǱûдκζչȥѸ˿ѹ˵ߵ̫
仰ڲ⣬ɻؿų磬½̶Ҳûߵ̫ûж˵䣬ôô˵
⣬ָϵ£ȴ˵Լǲϲǣ֣¶Էֻһ󱲣ԱҲһ
Ҳʱ½̶ӷˣ߹ų磬Щ䣬ֻ˵ĸ㡣
ô˵һȥ
ȴЩ̫ãӳֳյĺܽ
һ˷䣬½̶ŷŹϣղλã輸ϱˮЩ
˿ںЩ֮ǰĻᱻĵûˣ½̶Ư¶һǳЦת˲š

˽ȥ
ŴŵŮˣվڳԱû˵˴ڸУǿǸŮ˵ĳࡣ
ͳôһڿŲģɫҲãܿǸƯŮˣ½̶
硣
ȿһ磬ǿЦſڣƺ⣬ܿʧˡ
ȱ㡣
֣翪˵Ҳ˵ģ֪ͰȻ½̶֮Ĺϵ
˫һƯůŴϵŮЦˣЦܺÿ˫۾½̶һ
Цºֿʼԣ죬˺Ǹ⿴硣
תϣǣŵֺЦ£ܺƵЦ⡣
ҵ
翪˵Ȼ
ȱ㡣
ͻȻ˵ЦЦе㲻˼ɻǴ˸кźͳһĳƺӦò
ѽ
Цûͣڴϻ΢΢ͷʱӦǸԸõŮԡ
ֻ˵껰ֿʼԡ
ȥҽԺ
üͷ壬˹ԣɰȴס
Сëѣͺá
˵úܵȻǸ԰ɫ˭˶֪̫á
մ򿪹Եĳͣ¶ȥȣüͷ塣
Ĭһ󣬰ȲſʵǱߣ֪֪
ûǡ
ֿʼԣ˵ϵҽԺǱߡ
ȥµҽԺǲ֪
죬ʲôû˵Ĭ

ͳţ˵Ҫ·ͳˣ´һߡ
ɳϵ½̶̾վؿų磬ֱڣֻ֪֣֪ġ
֮ǰȥĸ磬˵ԷĸҲ԰¼壬Ǹԣĸʱı飬Ӧþ֪˶Էݣȴû̸
ҴȥҽԺҪһߣʰ
翪˵½̶Ҳûо͡
ʱİں½̶Ѹ˽ȥ
½̶β̫ȵİȴʱ߹ȥס䡣
ɳ£½̶ʰ·ܿ죬ƺ³õȡ
ź½̶Ű¥ߣŷһΪ¥̫խǿվˣͳں棬һֱעǰˡ
һ·ûгĸ˷
ʱһγ翪úȣٶУҽԺķȥ
ڸʻϣ½̶Ͱȡ
ǳ˾ˡ
ʱŻ˿½̶ͷЦŸ˵
˵ٴοڣǸ½̶˵Ǹ͡
о˾˱ס
仰ûзӦ˾䣬˵УûձΣĺӣʵ˾˶УȻԭ˾ô¡
۸ǰϵͳûж
Ϊԭ򣬲ʱͿԣԻ˵Ҳࡣ
ҽԺˣѷͣ¥ͣƺѾڵˡ
ƶԻںţߣ½̶ţҲһȥ
ɾܰĵ˲Ժܸߣ߻и䣬Ǹļ׼ģЩгԡҡ
ӿռťó䣬˽ҽԺģҽͻʿ˵չ˺ðȺ½̶
ȱҽΧż壬½̶վһԣֱЩûӦ
ĸ׵ĲѾ˺ܾˣЧҩڰֻ۸͵֣ӱ͹ñȽϼѣһʱ仹Ҫȥҩͷ͸׾ݣȥ㹤û뵽˸ƭˡ
̶̼Сʱô飬·Ͼ֪ҪҽԺںĸĽһͦ˽ҽԺ½̶ﻹǾķչеϡ
䲡ڳϰߣȥסһҪõ㣬Щпܸ
סţʲôϵҡ
Ǽҽ飬ʵҲûôҲ֪Ⱥ½̶˵ЩʲôϾż棬ȽİͿں½̶˵
򿪹ԣʾ½̶Ҳ򿪡
ϵʽ֮󣬳翴ֻСԷãȻ޴ɴڣȻ뵽˵ǵ
ѧ翪ʵ̬ںͻ
š½̶ͷ
תͷۻûȥǸлתͷ½̶˵ȥѧҪͿԡ
ղſȥ½̶ˣǸҲĻͳ½̶΢΢ͷʾ⡣
û飬֣Ҫ뿪
Ͱȴ˸кڶԷЦУͳ뿪˲ڳŵʱͷ½̶
Ҳһۣ½̶ǳǳЦ£ЦݣǺƯ
⻹ǵһο½̶Цӡ
߱˷䡣                        

73

, ڸʻϣתͷ۳, ڳ
ǰûм֪Ҫ˵Щʲô, ɻ밲οһ, ס˳֡
˶, Ц, ָƽʱӡ
ս, Զʻ
ĸ׵ֶŮǰ¼ġ
绺ڣͳŵЦ, ֻץճȥԴ, ǡ
ҺСʱͺͼ˹ϵһˡ
ƽ, ֻڳ֪飬ûмı㣬˵ʵĸ鲢, ֻΪԷĸ׹ùãѪԵ, ͻչһ¶Է
ţ뵽½̶ʮˣʮţ뵽, 뿪ʱȷʵС
Ҳ򵥵һ仰֪˰ľ½̶ĸײûг֡
½̶ĸȥˣû뵽ǻٻصǡ
仰Ǹ²棬֮ǰ˲½̶ݣ֪Ҳ
ȹòã絹ܰǣѾˣЩǾ֮Ͷѣõ˵ûκθ
ͣתͷƺԥһ£Ǵ˹ԡ
ŹϳֵǸƯƯŮˣڷۣپ£ЦüˣǰһĸоͳҲô
衣
Ц¿ڣ˵š
΢΢۾ʵڿһۺͰȺƬĳֲ²⣬ֻû뵽ƺĸ׵ģΪ嶼Ǻĸס
衣
Ϊ֮ǰڹʱǺĸ׵ġ
ĸ̫裬СҺ衣
翡Ц⣬˵ţǸ׺ӡ
˹ûйĻ䣬ֻЦţҲûʲô¶Ͼȥ˾ˡ
Ⱥú½̶۾Ҳ
ֹ۾Ҳĵطڵһۿ½̶ʱŻסȵҲΪȷģ˵֮ܶࡣ
˵߰ӸʻǱ˹ȥ첲§ϵˣһתʵǱҪҵ½̶
ûӸղŵĻ߳µģʶͷ
ķӦû˵ʲôְףչȥް

ڴϣҽ뿪ˣúϢͿʼơ
½̶ȥˮˣ˼ӣ⻹һμĳ磬ǸСССкˡ
͵ĳȽ񣬲ȳøӿüԼŹùõӰӡ
ҲΪڿʱȷԼ뷨Էǳ磬ùõĶӡ
кܶ಻ͬӾ˧ĸ֮ȫڸǲĹâڹȦ˺ܶ꣬˵ƾͿһССƲߣǹùõĶӡ
뵽ԼЦ£ùõڵкܶమĽߣֻѡ˳ҡ

طɣڲЦⲻϣûǰЩµӰ죬ҲΪܹԵıǺ˺ܶࡣ
ղŵĻⱻȥҲȥ룬Żˣ־̽·
µĴкܺã⻬ϸƤѾϤϸ͵֫ҲԹܶΡ
Ϣϵǳζҧס
ûйܳЩС˵ѾϤռ˵Ķˡ
밬ȵ飬гĸס
һۿƬʱ򣬺ͰȺ񣬲ϸ֮󣬻ǻᷢвͬĵطԷǰȻǳĸףƯ
ģǳǸƺ
衣
ͬʧȥ˸ĸͳĸ׻гүүͬһ뿪ġ
ȥЩ̫Ըȥ룬ֻǳղ˵衱ֵʱ򣬱ԸеͳĴĪʹĸо
ͳԸе㷴˵ʲôܣɻǾúǰĴ˵ŵ֣̲סһһ顣
ɿĳ翴۾䣬ҲǳǳЦ⣬֪ʲôЩ棬ͿʵЦʲôأ
˵ţչȥס
е㲻˼ڳ΢΢üЦúյʱС˵ܲ˵һǸƺ
ĸƺЩ⡣
Ǹ
Сģе㲻˼ɻڴؿų硣
仰ŪЩ£üͷ΢ϵı˵ѯʵ˼ƺȷ˵Ļǲġ
ʶ§סӣ۾ڴ
ڴСţΣȴֵֹҪ˵裿𣿡
۾һ˲ǲزסЦ
ÿɰѽ
ȫǡôôɰѽֵķɫݣҲû뵽˵ʻô
ԣͲӣ۾ģŬŴǡ
ʲô
ͳڶ𣬴ĸо

ʶشʱ뵽Ϊ˵ʱᣬʱͻ˵ĹԼܶ࣬ԲŻó˵ܺ档
ֿװһ˵ʱûôܹ࣬ȣֻƽ˵ͺܲһˡ
ʲôĻ
ѽ˵߻ع
βʣǸѽóֹסЦ⣬ֱӾʹչȥ˿ڡ
һͷӦˡ
ң
һЩүֺйԵ˧Żͦˡ
Ѿôˣŵ֣ƽʱͷһڳԴࡣ
㡣
Ц۾ղÿɰͷûչȥڳϺݺ˿ڣǺȫͬǣ۾ﻹǹâ
ݳɡƫɰĴĶΣҲ֪ôˣ˵֡
ɰĿûþ֮ͺͻЦ⡣
Цü䣬ҲһֱЦ
Цˣɵһ
˰ͷ翪˵ȴȫĳֳζ
ɵӡ
ģЦɲϣҲЦøɵһ˵
ְףѹԼͷ֣Ļôƽ
Щ飬̵Ļ£ûֹȵĵǺͺ£§ų粱ӣ
һЦ˵š
Σ˰գ˵㲻𣿡
˵ԼЦˡ
ҲͻȻӦ˵Ļе֡
յ˰ţıŻˣʱҲ쵽ѧУıˡ

ͳĴöԸУ˰ͷ
̧ͷҡҡͷ漴Ц۾˵ɰ
Ц䣬˵ʱ򣬻΢ģû뵽ڶ
㡣
ٴ˰Ǹգ˵ʱݺݵģЦδɢһ㶼                        


74

˷, ͥԺչ, ͱ͵ص˷ϣֵ, ûײȥ
׺ְԵ漴
֮ǰ˵, ҵš
ֿɰ˵, ֤ȲҲɰʵ
ڳҪ·ʱ, Ǹνϵͳ, ɫһףֹ˳硣
ӳ̽ͷ, ڿеĹȥʱһ֡
˽ģʽ, 48СʱڽٽκϢҪ, Ĭ3086ϵͳɡ
仰ϵͳ˼ǸҲעʧ
ûǸʲôͷ, ܾö˸ϵͳڣϵͳ˵Ѿ˽ģʽ
ôˣ
üͷ, Ӧ̲סĦҲɳȴƿ
Ǹֳˣ
ղĶû⵽Ҳתͷ, κζ
Ƶ˰ѡ
ϵͳѾʧˣºҡҡͷ˵رˡ
仰ûбεӦû˵йؾЩ飬ϵͳûᵽ
ʱӦǲǿ©
۵һƬ
رգ
뵽ÿῴĳһطȴκζĴڡ
ʱȥƳ磬ЩС
ѹЩ²⣬ЩΣȴûзſ
ȵһ¡
ڿתҪô߳£֮ǰ˵ЩǲҲ©ʽ
дǲеģ֮ǰԹ
ôȣ
¶εЦһֻףȥ
һСһָġ
ϸָҧ˿ڣһѱĸ첲ʵ
ڱʱʶ§סӣҲסǸݽʵ˹ڳǰ
ȥҡ
뵽Ϳ˵
ȥңûзԣʵЩеģϲòָܣȴһС
Ųµ˵Ļ飬ܺǸйأֻʱ
һ·ȥ佥ˣſڳϲ˵ңҺøղû·
ҺӳǱȥ
һſȴֻ취
õʲô
վǰĳ磬ڴ
飿
شҪ§ס룬ȴƿ֡
´үе㲻ˣɿûз
ʲô
һ£ٴοʵ
ޱȣ绹ش˵һ飿
ԡ۾һ
绹ǲ̫˵ʲôֻܵš
߳磬һ顣
ţʹ˹ԣѳͼ̽⵽֪Ǽ
ͼʹ硣
ͷų磬һָŸǰͼ˵
ȷʵУһ˭޷
仰˵룬˵ı֪ʵֲ֪ûа취ֹ
˵⻰ʱһ־鱾΢΢ҡһ¡
ﰲ翴û˵
һЦ£ϣ˳ֹ˹ԡ
һʧͷࡣ
롣ͳ罫˻
û˵
ΪĲΣĶίòҵɳȴš
ţ֪ͷü£翪˵
˵ʲôʱ˵˶Ѫ⣬ÿгӤҲйˣһжġ
˰գ۲ۣ
ͷȷʵеۡ
ˣǣҲǣˡ͵Ц£翴ʮƽ
𵱳ˤ֮쳣֣Ϳˤ֪֮ģ
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شó֪ʱ쳣ıֶǴӺζ
ͨѶϵ㣿
һתղ˵ġرաƤӵϵƹͨѶƵһ
һ£ͷҡҡͷϵͳĻͨѶе񣬿ֺ֪ȫͬ˵AI֡
ų˵ϴθҶԻ
ܻףζսõľ˵ĻҲ֪
AIȻܿʶ˵ʲô
Ķû˵꣬ų粹ģҲûбֹ˵Щ
Ҳǣû˵κйϵͳǱִʾӡ
ϵͳ
ͳƽ
ֺ۾һ£һ㼤֪ˣ
ǰûκβ;ţʱ֪ıȫͬ
ȷǲǳûж˼
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Щ
ֲһ䣬𵱳ˤ֮ǼĻ̻̲ҲֹǼ죬ʱʱͻ
¡
Դίͷų磬ôʱֻһ֪ЩһͳᷢЩ飬ѹĵס
ʱ֮󣬲һְǱдˣԼţֻԼǸ
Ҳ˵ֻϲҲ֤ɽ½̶ֲ֮ɺôڼ½̶֮󣬳绹ģҺ½̶֮ĶԻǵģȫûдܺúܺá
ҲڲôϤѡ
뵽Ĳٴӿ֣ɿų硣
Ǹϻίͱ°͵ͳ᣺£㡣
ϤϣԾͱ˳硣
Ҳ֪ô£ǳ˵ʱֿɿЩ̿ɢЩ
á
ƵģǸʵţӦһ䡣
ԡҳţ˾͵˴ϡ
ֻų磬˵ˣ
ʶ鲻õĳЦһҧɳƣ˵ɰ
仰ڷϵĶԻЦ¡
šͳӣֹЦˣӺܷʵ˵š
˵ͿˣѾϤ飬ģҪˣȻҲֻڴϵʱ
һ룬۾ɳûκηӦʱ䣬ֱӾͿʼˡ
һҲӲģҲһ㶼ɰһ㶼
޵òΡΡȷʵʶһ㣬ţǱйĺۼ
Ծֺߺȴ˷ܣӿ׾˹ٴθȥһ㡣

ҹ
˯ȥڴϣԡҳĳֻΧԡ
ϼʵıã˿鸹кܽʵؼ˱кУ˾ߵĺɶɡ
վڴߣϣް֪Щʲô
ŵͨѶ룬翪Ȩޡ
ûãϷϢҳȥ˸ڵѵҡ
һ̨ƲյĶװ
˯úܳڳŽƲʱˡ
Ʋգƣ첻ǻҪϿΣָĿ졣
ûκλţЦ¸ͣͣһ£ҲȥƲա
ƲյĲŹرգӵһ
ͻȻŽƲյĲʧ绹һ
ȵɫҺ𽥸ǵϣа߳ɷֵҩҺûþͱų˯ˡ
ʱƲɨǿʼ̽⡣
üףûЦ⡣
ϵͳAIһ顣
Ҳ֪ĸ֯ƤӵװŪͼϴ
ڳǿյĳһ˸йٵĸ߿Ƽ
ͬʱҲ½̶Ǳ⣬֪ԷĴڣɰеȴȥңԾҪ֪Ĵڡ

75

ģܴĵ»еƹ, վڰԲθ̨ϾͿԿгŻףͺŶ, Щ޴Ļһȥ𺳣ˡ
滹кܶС䳵ػʻ, ŸֲϺе, ҪĹԱȥ, źæµ
޸ϵһ༶ʦվ, ߻Щϡ
վһʦ˵⴦޴ҽʱ, ȥס
еﲻֹ⴦޸ң׵Уоҡ
ʦĽ⣬ÿ߶Զһ, ԹеҵһЩͼƬ
߷ſ˼ҳ˰ѹԼĹ, ʦҲû˵ʲôǿ, ҲӵԼļУȥͿԺúÿ
ʦ˵ߴЩѧ¥ߣмλ, û˵ֻ, ȺʱʱйϵȽϺõС˵仰
޸ϵѧ඼һУǽӴĸ߶˻ףѧʵϰ׶, ⲻҪõһЩصеоǻմһġ
Щڴ󲿷ֵ˵⣬˵Ƕڻе֮ҵȷʵЩ԰żһŮˣеȫ
֮ǰûˣֻһƫԵŮ˵ͶҲֵģһƬ
ģǸˣԲĿⶼ͵͵
ϵǺϵĿγ̣һˣɽһû޸ϵĿΣֻԼҪȥսϵϿΡ
ҲΪ༶˻ûм磬Ҳѹ֪Ѿѵ顣
Ϊ˸˸еϲãпǵʱ
ʦĽˣҲߵ棬ÿ˶һ̨ףҪ޸С⡣
ͷǰľ޴ףø߰Ҫȥӣǽ
ΪǲģѧڵĿҲûϣڵҪʵսĲʮ޴롣
ѧڵĿγûϹЩγ̶ǸոսӴǰָ̨ȫʲô״̬
ʱ̫ˣ˵ҲЩֻӲͷƤˣеĻȥʦˡ
ԱһñȽϺΪѣ뿪˵ҪǲͿһ߸ݵ·䳵վ־ȥͷ
ǺǵĶһ飬ֻкϤ˲Ż
ôˣ
ͷͿﲻʹ˾ϲ۾Ҳ
ԱߵǸ״ǣһ֣ˣﻹЩԼղû˵ȻҲ̫ˣ˵ĬĬȥԼ
ʹͬΪһߣһ߻룬ۣڣĿǲῴǵģţЩᡣ
ҲĻҵ겻ˡ
ЦһƦ˵Żע⣬һ¾ǡ
ŵ̾ȥкܶ˵ģֹͬѧ﹤ˣҪǣʦҲ
ΧѲһȦûзʦӰȥط˿̧ͷų磬СƺǺܲü
ЦһԴ
Ժ
ģǸһ䣬ͷųĻش
ã֪ˡ
ͳö˵žͰǰĹŴ󣬿޸ֿ˵ȥˡ
ߣ棬վĩ˵ƽ̨ϺӾͿʼƶ
㲻Ͽ𣿡
̧ͷʳ磬Ҳʱ˳ؿϵһСӣдš޸ʦ
ָָԼؿڵǸӣЦŶ˵Ƕսۣûʲô˼պû飬Ūݡ
֪ԼģȾЦ⡣
ڿʱֹ̾
Ѿ˸ߴЭˣֻЦ˵ãˡ
ŷģע·˻ϡ
ΧһȦ֮ǰڵϵǹģиղҲǹģǰʾȨ
˸ֵ飬ʦû˵ʲôһֻ۱һֻۣ֪ǲģûٵӣڿҲ֪˭ġ
ѧĿγûôţֻһڿΣڳİ˿˿
ʦܺͰĳɹһĵͬʱҲѧϰˡ
ڳ磬֮Ϊǰѧʦﲻ̫ãطһȡ
統ȻɿͶˣƢǷģֻ˳⡣
¿κͿǸһˬĳү
̾Ϳ첽˹ȥս֣ͷЦſֺõζ̫ԡ
ģɫ²Ż͹Цᣬǣ뿪
޸ѣͷҴȥоҿ
߱߸˵ָµĻоңĻô𶼲˵
á
Ц۾ԹԸڳԱߣ̧ͷˡ
ƢȷʵãʵͦúģЦЦûʲôˣҲġ

ȥ磬˾ǰ飬һ½ڵݣ쿴Щ챾϶࿴㣬þǰ֤ԼֻǺȳȥ½̶ˡ
ˣ
翪ʵԥ޳ָָŸղŽĵطǾ仰ʲô˼
ûдģίͰ͵ģûзΪ֪ԼղʱˣҲǷ񣬽ʱû˵Ǹ֪ʶ㡣
Ļеȷʵ˺׾񣬴ĺ󣬳³ӣİġ
Ժڴʰ㡣
ѹɤЩͳ£仰ЧֱͼӰѹҲίˣֻó֪ڲˡ
ﲻףٽһ顣
ֱͦ˼ģ紽Ц⣬ĵĸѲĵط˵һ顣

ûпΣ˯ֱѹǰ֡
ĿԱ߿ĳ磬һ߿һע
ͦƯ޳ָűʵƶ˧
Լд֣ΪǸտʼϰдһҳڿհ׵ĵطд֣ǳġ
ҳȥװʲôûз
Ҫġ
ŴԵ𣬳±ʣղСûз֡
ֱѵ˵ųû˵ġ
ף˹ȥ
֮ʳԼһֱʵĻ˵ôֵģ
΢΢üЦ˵ûȥСʱ־дĺá
ı飬ʲôû˵ֻıˣĬĬƿߣе㲻̫ںܵĳ˵
͵Ц˳˰ͷ
õģ̫
罫οᡣ
Թϵ§ӣҲǳǳЦ⡣

ϰ˵࣬Ҳûˣͽԡϴ衣
ĳǰ飬ֻԼһٸ̡
һ£顣
۹ϵϢ͹ر˹ԡ
ɨ軹͸ʱûϷʲô
ŽƲһʱʹԡҳˣȥϴ
ռ˲ٱ˲Žȥϴ裬ʵҪԣղſ϶һȥϴҲڵôʱ䡣
ȳ󣬱׵β˺ͷŶݸ硣
ûá
ڿӵһȥżˣɺС
Ǹϴˡߵ
СǼţʼնڵǻе顣
ҺãôƵ嶼ûκηӦȻһж鹦ڴ󲿷£óȡֶΡ
ʵ֪£ռռˣʱ˵Լȥá
ֱ֮ŽƲһγ
賿ʱƲյεε˼º󣬳۾                        


76

ƲղŴ, ĳʱѾҹˡ
ɫҺϻ, ˮͬЩҺûκκۼ, ߳Ʋպûȫɢ, κζá
һԡ, վƲǰ, Ŀ, ̨ƲǸġ
ûѣղƲշ첢֮ͣ, Ҳȷ
ԷѵĿǺ͹, ѵԡ
оҵƲռ⵽ϵ쳣Ѿ·ˡ
ԥһ, ƲջǴҩҺ壬עǿЧЧҺ塣
˳˯֮, ҪĴл綼һ
Ӵ򿪵ǽóһƵĿ, ٴδ򿪲ţҩЧѾãƲĵɫҺ𽥼١
󣬳ְ˽ȥ, ڼȥ⻻·ѡ
ƲעҺ壬ƲҲѵԲٿţ
֮ǰŵʱͬƲҺͷֱ˶û档
ûڵɫҺϸ˳һͷڷΪˮ΢΢ڶ
ܹһĻһеİٵӰʵЧȻ϶ʵ顣
ɫҺͷûˣɿԺһҩҺ
վƲǰ΢΢ͷˣüͷһֱ塣
ƲյĹԣתͷȥϸ
Ľʵе⣬һܹĴųԴûв鵽
ʾĴų緢һֲȶ϶ģųҲǿ󣬿ɼˣɽΧΧ
ʵ֮ǰԤĵûжٳ룬ųĳ˽һȷǸепõĳֲ֪ĿƼֶΡ
üͷɽ壬ﷳ겻ѡ
Ǽоѵװ豸ļڻûвԴûа취ȡΡҵǺԻͨѶƵ
ڵǺһ㣬˵һԷĿҲ
Ʋ˯緳ߣһͷ¶ͷ
̡ܿ
ȼһ֧󣬳˿ڣ£ǰ
Ȼ뵽Ǹʯ룬ǸʯһԴʯԴûˡ
³һֱǵãԽƣΪҲڹ졣
ûܹԶ̲Դʯ
ǸĴų⣬ûκļףǸƫˣûκ쳣ط
ǹɾ޴Ҳ֪ȥ
ͷ΢𲻶üͷ壬в̫顣
ڹʱҪʲôӦþ£룬ǲԸ˵˵
û취дֵıʣÿһ֧ʶǣĹԣĹԶˣûа취
ǰЩϵһҲûκͷ̵ӵµһ̡֧
ǰ͡롱ǰ˵ʵܹ͵ģڸϴԣĳʶϰ޷Ա
ĹԱȥĹԾЩ̫ˣҪƽ⣬Ҳܽ͡
֧޷дıʾͺѽˣ֧֮ǰȷǺõģϵ⡣
뵽סôɨĻ˰ùֽ䣬ţϵ˹Ǳߡ
ʱоҵҲˡ
Դ˱ţʮоԱĸǺе
Ѿͷѵҵű򿪣ͷˣŵ̳һ롣
ү
ͷоԱ˸кЩ˻֮ǰӳĸģԴ󲿷˶
΢΢ףûж˵ʲôֻǾ쿪ʼ
ѵҵ˶֪ϴųĴڣ˼ҪѴųҪ鵽Դ
ĸĿĵĵ֯
뵽ɫѾˣ򿪻ϵͳζߣ˳ִһЩʱ
һųԴֱӾ˹ȥ˶Է
ѵоԱæµվƲǰ
ʵĵɫҺУ˯úܳܳ緢һжû֪
ôˣ
翪ԣһֱڼ״
ڰ״̬״̬áһе
΢оԱ߹Ѳٿ̨Ʋӵһ˵Աߡ
ִԱ˸ӣ翿ǽ޳˫쳤˽һ𣬺׵ǽϣüģĵ׵Щɲϣн
ûã˾͵ˣ˵ùֽʡ
ӹչűֽţ˼Ϳȥû
ʱֿˡ
⵽񲨶ΣΪȶجΡ
ӻеͬʵȫģֻǳûȥ趨
̧ͷƲգһֱûʲô¶һĨЦ⡣
ҩҺеͷ΢΢ڶ˫ۣҲ֪εʲô
õҩأڰ״̬Ҳʲô쳣ֻǳ翴һԸŸǱʶӦûӷɡ
Ʋ滺ĴýҲЩ춯״̬ȶֵͷֽţ֧ʡ
һֽ֧űԵ˻кɫ֣д
Ե飬һɺϣĳָԤ
֧ӵ˲ԶϣԽƣܶ鶼ýͣ˵ʲôAIϵͳʵﲻûУúúõıдһҲڷ˼
ֽţ˼֮УųĳȷʵÿѧͣЩ졣
Ǽʷܽ͵ںܶǱƽˣֻ˵иΪȽΪ֪ĳֿƼֶΡ
Ҫ˵ڵļҲ̫ܣΪ⼸о۹˵ĿƼ
ţͷּֽ
ɨֽ
ڷԸԣԼҲϡ
ɨâһϵͳԻˡ
ԱæµоԱҲע⵽㣬֪Ĳ࣬ûзϣֻΪųɵ춯
ɫһ֮ǰҪʱĹԶõһģһ
Զ޸ȥܣԳֻֽϵּ
ڿǾ仰ͼҪģڿ֮Ҳûж
˹ֽãޱ飬Ҳ֪Ϊʲôȫ뵽д仰ֽϵıʼʧˣֻЩʼ⻮͸ۼ
㷢ֽĻǲǾͿ
ûκõģͷֻڳԺһ

СҹȥоԱͳ֮ȷųķҪѴųǣȫһַ
賿ʮ֣һεĳԿʼ
ųĽṹܸӣֱڻûбȫǣĻͲҪϸݡ
վڿ̨ǰ򶨣ɴֲԾȭЩš
ʮֶʮ룬һɴųڿϵĴųִų۶޷ֻ̨ͨЩӵĻжϡ
ɾʱִų˽Ӵһ˲䣬Ʋͳ쳣
ɫҺ幾๾࿪ʼðݣڲˮ΢ڶ˳ͷڶȿʼ
ʮֶʮ룬ֱж˴ųأ̳˹ȥڿʼ鴤κζĶûУǿƿ˷Ʋա
һƲҺȫ˳һǽ塣
Ʋձƿһ˲䣬͵۾                        


77

ƲĵɫҺŲűƿӿ, Ҳˮ˳ס
ղƲ, ۾һ˲䣬Ҳˡ
ڷ̧ͷ, ˫Ư۾ͫ׿ʼ, ɢһīĺɫ, ֱ򶼱ɫȾ, ۰γһľĶԱȡ
磿
ڲ, ͷǰˣãȻΪʶԼ
˫۾ͫ׶޹, ִֻĺɫʮֹ졣
еɫҺǰ˿ϻ, ʶգգ۾Ҳʱ, ۾ĺɫˡ
ţҡ
֪ôˣֻȻش, Ѿ쳣֮Ҳû֡
ﲻ, ˵תͷжҽ
ֵã񲨶ȶ
ֵҽ˵Ļû˵꣬ͱһԵоԱˡ
ү, ų
ϼֵѾ˺ɫҲ
绳ﱧŵǴųĿ꣬оԱ˵ͬʱ͸ܵǹɲͬѰĲ
ļ¸Ϯûɿ
ѵҡ
û˿ԥ̿ڶ˵
ùңΪģΧĿռ俪ʼŤʱ䶼ƺʼͣͣͷϼҺ
ү
оԱ纰ɳûκζ
ѵұصǽڷ˶ڴųֵﵽʱ򳷳ȥˡ
άűסƣֱϺͲϵ׺ޱȣͼ
ųУ޷ѡ
ѵҵĿռʱ䶼֮ͣУŵĴųֵﵽʱŤ۵Ŀռ佫һжݻˣ̨ǱըһֻƬͣڿУ޷ըನΧ
ȥоԱҽѸٴ豸е豸ųң޷̽ѵ֪ôˡ
һʼʱȫԶܳǿ󣬷Ӧٶȼ죬Ҫ뿪Բ⡣
ѵ治˶֪һ㣬ǼҽͷоԱͶԳ帺𣬼ֵı仯ԵһЩѵҩָꡣ
εĴųƵǣųոսӴǹɹĴųѹʲôûüڵЩоԱ˵ǵһʱ˼ľǱݴųˣЩõĿƼֶθӸʱûнӴķ档
豸Ӱ죬޷絽о˶кüʧȥźţö˴ҴߣҪоȱɷҲӰˡ
ֹͣˣ
ڿʧȥźŵĻ»ָͿ˵ֹ̫ͣҲ̫죬ɵ豸ɲʹã޷֪ѵҵǽҲ򿪡
ڽ취ѵȴһֵĶ֮С

ʶ״̬ĳظܵΧı仯ռ仹ڻŤѹȴ˺ܶ࣬ΧĿռ˺ܶӰ
ʼʱ򣬳ûж룬˭֪ĺ
ڴųֵﶥʱΧĿռ俪ʼŤ۵Ҫɥѹӭûѡ뿪ֻѵĽӵ뻳УһͱͣʱͿռ
˵ųݻΧһУúûš
Ժ̸ֳһ²⣬еǹɣԭһҪȥʲôڻ
Լתȥ²ԷĿģڵʮֹ죬ЩӰ𽥳ͣǺ¥ֳܶཨͳӦĺܿ죬״̬Ҳûзͼ̧첲ֻֱȻܶ
ΧӰڿתֻͷĿѣҲ֪ô£ǰȻڣʧȥʶ

ϴԴصĺʶ𽥻£
иʲôײ۾һʱ㲻
౻ҧ˾ݽ׳ϣϤڵĴ
ۡ
͵ĶСԹԼűѹ֪֮ǰӦǿ޹ˡ
аգ۸
첲Ծ§ס˳粱ӣǺǺĶ
ȴóȻͣס̧ͷ
˫𺰵˫ۺ֪Ӧﲻ̫Ծĵط
֮ǰĻҲֻ֣ǼģԼǵãԼҪˤȻסô벻ôҵġ
뵽ңתͷȥΧȴͻȻ֣ﲻǱңҲǹķ䡣

ʶͿʳ磬ɵת󣬶˫۾ֲԾĸоԽԽ࣬˵ô¡
Цģһס򢡣
ʲôУ
˵˹ȥžҧһڡ
ʹӲ⣬ȫ׳˵ʲô
ֲԾУǿһ§ų粱ӣűס
ֺõĶʵÿ֮󣬳綼ЦŸϺһǡ
ΣĽӲܸо
ͷӿһ˿ɿ֣§ǰˣɵؿŶԷǳ磬ɻﲻ̫Ծ
֮󣬳ɫԾͱˣϾǽһ㺮˪
߿ޱ̫ˡ
磬Ҳˡ
ţŹ
֮£ɾʱǸ죬ʲôӵ
ѵĴԱβȥͿ˽ϵɫ
֪һôġ
˭
翪ʵͳɳƣֱŸ˵˵ڶ仰ǰͲǻ˵һЩ绰˶䣬ߺѲܡ
ܵ˺ܴУֻ
Ĳ㡣
ﶼίˣ֮ǰ˵ҪΣȴ˵ЩĪĻǲ
һ룬Ҫ˳ëƢ
۸Ŀٴ§ס˳粱ӣֺõȥڽⳡĪͿʼl¡
ͬǶûУƣҲȥ׳磬ǲֹƭ档
⿪
˲ᣬβź죬˻ţɫ
վڴƴ·ĳȴüЦһ£ʲôû˵
Щˣ͸㲻ڵĴ绹ô͵ؾ
ҲΪüͷܡ
㣬Ҫٲҽ⿪ҽͲ˯һˡ
ּ벻ʲôõвֻ˵˵ȣȥקϵۡ
һƤۺˣվڴ߾Ӹ¿Ŵϵ΢΢ͷһϵжް
ָĽָҲע⣬ûöָ
ʶʲô󴦵亹ðⲻ塣                        


78

ĳһȦ, ļ²ѣѪɫȥ
ûƹ, ϵöָҲûм
һͷ, ⲻ塣
㶵Ŀٴοֺͽ, ܴûп۲Щλʲô, ּʱʱ̶̿Ҫõ, ²ȥעϳ, ſֱȷʵϤ
ԼСϵһ룬ֽ, СڲһźܵС룬ϵһģһ
Ӳȷ, ֪ڵʲô, ֲǣûƹ
ӳˣֻг, ̧ͷȥվڴߵĳ磬ãȻ޴롣
ûʲô, ڴ¡
Ǹ˵ЦǸȫͬǵ֮ȥ⣬ȫûڿȥ
磿
ܲȷ, Ҳʱ˳ָϵĽָ
ϵĺӦãһ԰ɡ
ϵӵĳ綯һ٣Щݺݵģֻգʲôû˵·ߡ
ϵޱȿֻţڳҪ뿪Щ̿Ȼӿ˳뱻
ԺͻȻ˺ܶģļ䣬Щģļĸȫǲͺ£ڰֳĳѹֵ
˲˴Žž˳磬˶ϣ͵ڹһĻʮơ
ߡ
ſǻģ˫˫ŶڳϣΪղڴϵЩ飬ֽŷûץȣӳ»ȥ
ӻţҪǳˣҪˡ
ȥִ֡㺬壬ֻ֪ܷų뿪
Һ£磬Һ¡
Ͱ͵ģҲˮ⣬ͷűĳ磬͸ίˡ
֪ڵôˣİķ䣬İİĳ硣
һƬң֮ǰģļ䣬ǵԼҪˤǳסǸʱӼǲ̫ѣͺ磬Ҳشˡ
֮顭
Щͷۣ벻֮飬һ㶼벻
ҹòá
ȥЩֻ֪Ҫֺó磬ٹ
ҲǶ֤ˣ磬Ҳܣֻ㡣
᲻֪ʲôʱӳϻ䣬ŽվڵϣֱӾͱס˳磬ǸʵȵţſǻƵġ
ɳ粻֪ΪʲôûҲû˵ɲһȴڰʹӡ
δ֪Ŀ־ûа취ڵ¼ˣΪһжİ벻׷ʲôŻͳ
ղԺǸͷȻһղ룬Ҫٹ
ЩģļȫǱĿ־壬гЩ飬û·ûЬӣϱ䣬ֻг
Щģļֺǳ磬٣ϤǸƢȴֺܺúˣǸĳ硣
ʱһҪ뿪
ŵٴαϵϸĶ춯
ߣ
ǿҪһţͷֲ嵽ĸģڵЩˣҲ֪§ų粻š
ߺòá
̧ͷؿų硣
ͳúÿϳ֣Ͱ˸۸ı飬粻ͼߣ񰵳ģҲ˶
һ£
ɼģͼְĸ첲
ӻˣò֪ô죬߿ޱ˵ҸӺòã
ỹµ§ų磬ȴջƤ
ۡաһͽ⿪ˣ޵òΡΡģֺ˵Ҹӣߡ
ǿ𵱳ͳ۹е飬֪ģƺҪӣ˵ϲСˣֻǸʱһ㶼롣
ǰȥ飬ڵ˵ʵҲڽ⿪Ƥ֮󣬾ûˡ
ͳġ
֮᲻Ծӿ˳ţûп޳રવڵϣŽţһЩϡ
ڲץųĿӱأȴʼնһĶ
ͷûп˵仰֮ǰı仯ȻҲûп˵ʱ򣬿ϵЦ⸡֡
۾ֺóȻסգ׵ģͱ̧ͷǸǡ
ҲʱϤЦ⡣
ỹϣĽëʪˣٴˡ
֮󣬳ףһİʧ
£ⲻڡ
˺ܶ࣬͸ղŵıȫͬһͷʾο
ƭҡ
ίͷ۳磬ɱһᣬ̲סų磬š
Σ̾˿ֻرסͷס
û治ҹġ
ڽͣǲ̫ס
ֱģ˵վﱧһίȥ̧ͷ磬⵽ô£
˵ţ˿Χİͳҡ
ٴοʵ̫ʣϿŪЩ
ɳȴ˵Ҳ֪
Ŀԣգգ۾˵ʱΣƭ
µģҲؿЦⲻϣͷס
ʶʱ򣬾˵ۣϵ飬Ҳ֪
绺ڣƺ˼顣
ȴﵽ㣬Ϊ˵ʱ§ֺܲʵ
ĳȽ϶ĵط˼֮󣬳Ͱ˴
ջգűԹɿżŪڵ飬û˵ʲô
ٱ֪ӦԼû·
ɻͷ۴ϣӶûУ·ˡ
߹ȥѴקĳߣܿϳ

İɫ˹ȥ¶ݾ׳
û·Ҳֻܴˣú󣬷ֳ·˵ȷʵ󣬲Ҳдĺôסٵط
翴Ŵ·ᶯ˶
ڴߣͷȥϵ̧ͷų磬˵ú棺ҽ⿪
ܼȻŴɻ͸¶Ҫ⿪ľģڵĳ磬һ㶼£ʼָʹ
һҲˣղµ˵Ҫӣڶͱˡ
֪ΪʲôԺͻȻֳǰĵӰūűӾӸָʹ˵ĳ档
뵽ǰĵСȻʶ˹ߵ÷졣
ţʾˬģɱûȴ¶ĵʵ뷨
̧ͷ̵ġūף̶ּǡ                        


79

ü, ƿ磬ֱҲ, ΢̧̧ţʾ⿪
Ҳ֪Ϊʲô, ʶ֪, ܸ⿪
, ƶ, Ҳ󴦵
ʱûκξ, ·֪
֪óüͷ壬ֺܿչˡ
̧ȣѽŷ˴, ץɫԣ, Ҳûз۵Ĵڣ̧ͷȥ, ʵܴ𣿡
Ϊһֱû˵Щȷ
ҪǴ򲻿Ļ
뵽ż, ﶼ֪ܲһֱ
𼱡
翴ż, Ϳ˵ö
˵˴ߣһֽ˫ŶԼϡ
ָĦϵϸһ, Լֵıλʽ壬ֻǺһ𣬲̫ñϡ
ֵˣġ
һĨԲ̬Цֻͷֻܿûзֲ̬ı飬˵עʱҲȫڽϵûע⵽
ԺģļϮʱΪϽָʱĲԸԶŴķ䣬ԼǾ߰͵˿ƣⷿĵǰ򿪣Ҳ硣
Ửһסףȴʼնûһ
Խżʵ򲻿𣿡
̧ͷʱ򣬳糣Ц⣬˵ԡ
˵ţ͵ͷϵۣӦǸƵ΢ͻûþ֣ʼתǸۡ
ԼţҽҲŷŵ˳ϣƽΪǡ
۷΢лתԽš
ҪעȻ˵Ļֻû
߽˵ͳﻹЦ⡣
㡣ûסһ䣬Ϊ˵òģһ㶼û¡
޳ָϵװã˵ֻЦЦ
ûãͿϵۺȻתһȦžսˣϡ
ˡ
ͬʱڣ΢

Ŀԣﵽ㣬Ҳеˡ
ޱһͻȻʲôϢĸо
üȴΪЩƣֿЦõĸоŶίٿ˼ᡣ
ԳޱεģҸղųֱֵʮаգΪܹ⿪ڲûн⿪ˡ
عٷֿ޲ĿԽԽ粻ỹƫҪԡ
ջطڳϵҽţһ˹ȥûжأֻǱԼĲ
˽֮󣬳ȴͻȻЦüŻġ
ԭͣ϶ʱɿۻңʮ֮ע£۾ͽ⿪ˡ
ˡ
жۺ̧ͷЦŶ˵ڿǸĵС󣬾û˵ǾղǶĻ
ջһصĽţ̫磬֪żҪٶ档
ֻڳ翿ϵʱ§סӣŴЦı¡
֮󣬳鲻ֻϣˡ
ְѳתԼߣһֽϵĳͼһȲ
⵽
ǳüڵĴеܲ
ץָ֣ϵĽָղԺǶģļ֪Ľָ
ֻǣļȴʼնûг֡
ʱһֱŬ˼ڴȻһ飬ղų˵ϵôһֱӦ·ߡ
ϵ㣿
Ϊȷһ£Ϳʵ
£ߴӽָջأ˵ţҡ
ô˵ƭҡ
üȫǲ§ų粱û֣δ֪ĵطҺóҲڡ
ȴû̻شϵЦ⵭Щ
ų黹ûΪڻûи״
֮ǰڱѵңһ۾͵ʶʧ֮ǰǸŤĿռ￴˺ܶģĳȻôģҲû˿ӡֻ֪һ㣬ӦǸĴųɵġ
ʱ˵ɿƲˡ
úɵ˵ʱ״̬еĸйٶڣȴûа취Լжǣһ㡣
ʶһóĵ׳˳ҪЩйٺʹҲõĿȨȻĻϴˡ
۾ֲã绹·ߣǸʱΪ粻ʶǸˡ
뵽ϵͳ֮󣬻Ǳдģ־ãĻҲûжϡ
ֺˣ
Ϊ֮ǰԼҲй˵˻ʱڳ˵Ǿ仰Ľã˾ȣûпֻš
ţܿˡ
ȴϣǸ
֮ǰʱ򣬻ϵϤָ֪Ľָھ룬Щδڵ˵

ЩԾĵطϵĻ˵һ
ûƹ
ҡͷͬɻһʼʱ򣬵һӦⲻ塣
磬˶٣ڳע£ڣ㿴ңʲôӣ
˲Լͬ뵽һֻǳϤǸˣһС仯
Ϊ˻һ½ŵգЦ£ͷ˵㣬һܸ˭ϴ
仰˵ñȽ¶ˣεͬʱûôģֻҪԼͺá
Ҫȳȥ
飬ȥͬʱʵҲΪ̫䣬ܾȫķΧ֮ǰǸʲô
ã·
ɿĸ첲Լȥ˱Ƕʽ¹񣬿ʲôûС
¹龰ҲˣյģʲôûУ̾˿
ֽԡϴƷԡûУϵͳڣϴͲòá
˺һ봲ϣôȫסˡ
һߣָշŰϣȴֻǰһѣΣӦܿ죬ץס˺
ͷĿѣĸо˶Ծ磬ķӦٶȹڿˣͬʱתס
ϤĿռŤóüͷ壬޷δ֪Σգ𽥱ñ
ĵƺȻˣΧһƬڰڲʱ򣬳籧
һǰԭûΧĻȴ˱仯ľı仯
ƹŻ߶ÿﶼžƱʽˮ㣬жž̵ʱʱṩϡ
˵Цʮֺгĳϰ˸ʽµƷмģһܴĶ㵰⣬׺ŸֿʳƷƯɢζ
Ϥǳ¥
ͳվڰƷ͵ĳԱߣֻĳ֣ƺûκע⡣
ŴӶ¥Ǹ˳ҰԭأһֱǸˡ
ڿһϤӰֺãˡ
ܿ죬վԱߵĳʹһС
٣
籩굽㣬˵ĶԻ
ֻſӣ¶ݾ׳һŽĳߵһԣǸͬ˴׺ֱ꣬Ҳûء
Ů˺˷УߵԱߵĳڵأǸյҲˣû֮ǰƯСĵƷڵأмԣȴֻſһˡ
ԵĽк޶ԣ˶ǰһĻȵ㡣
ܿ죬ͳһִˣתΪģʽļˡ                        


80

ǰһĳԭ, ֹˡԼ
ĲûǸյ֪, Ӧǳա
ǺĲ֮ͬǰǸҼ׵, ֻΪˤһ, ûȥ
ɸղſһĻ, Ӷ¥, Ⱥҵ˳硣
˹Ŀ˸šĽ, ǸԼͰͺǸ硱ף˵ϲ
ĸòԶԼ֪, ʵܰѶԻô, ڶģһж͸
硱Цȴ, ͬЦţɿǰͷġĨЦô, ⡣
ϲңǸϤȴİĴ𣬲ֹ, ԱߵĳҲˡ
硱˵ʲôʱϤĳͻȻŭ߷˳Ǹװ˴
һģһ, ֻĳӸߵ㣬Ͼʮգھĸ¸ǳЩ
ĳ̫죬ûзӦ϶˲ʣжǱ׺Ĺ⡣
硱Ѫ̧ȥϤС
ˣҲת˹ģʽۿžҪ磬ĳ磬۾ſھͺ
⻰޼£ûжܵĵطϵĿǹƺڶߣöǹlȥ
û׷l͵ס
ǰһĻ۶Ǿ
һ룬ǰһΣֱˡ
ļƺڣģģģһԶȥǰѣιȥ̧ͷȥҳ硣
磿
ǰֳղųѪӣǸ硱һҲˡ
Ŀ֮һƬããĿտҲ˻硱ֻصռٴãȻˡ
Ҳ磬һֵĵطվûиҶקϵĴ޴뵽㡣
ϵͳ
֮ǰϵͳ˵ģԺ
ûлӦֻҪһˡ
Ҳʱǰһ棬ǵӾһ˵ڶ
ֹһΧ½½˺ܶ࣬漸ͳ硣
İȴϤĳͲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôʲôֻЩ档
ÿͬڸղŴķץ˵Ҫɳȴ޶ԡ
нָĳڷóĵصͶָͬһ԰ΧʢʻǻΪԷϽָʱɫŹ⣬ޱȡ
ֿ棬ڰʵķ䣬Ȼ龰죬ϸ΢һʲôһС
һǸղŵֻǲ֪ô£ԼӶ¥֮ˣ룬ǲǸղųйء
߼һ濴ȥǳͺܶŮŮھưɰĳڳ̣иƯϸ˳磬˵Ǹ˽а裬ʳô۹ѡġ
һֱµģ˺ģڿһȽϤˣǽͳţǸص㣬ЩϤǵȥ·ĵһμȷʵ졣
ʳǲ棬ЦƦ⣬ͬ˵
˵治ǶôƭҲ·˸ͷ
գ۾۶ãȻ촽֪ʲôʱ򷢸ˣ΢ףǶȻ˱֮УϮ
ʵ֪ǰװʿƭɴ֪Щ飬ͽĶԻоưİ衣
޴ؿһ棬죬һμ硣
ҲʱȻʶЩڵ
ɳЩ棬Χкܶࡣ
¿Ŀס
Ǹӱˣ·ȽСģɴصȴˣһĴ˺ʵĵ̺
һϵУǰЩȫͳ֮龰ڵֻǳ˵һοǼһֱظֻһͬ鷢չĴ·ǲġ
һĲͬȫŶӻɳϣƿ·Ƕӵĳи棬ڴϣƽģԱȴиӤ
ûпӤ棬ԲµǷʲô
ԹЩͬĻ棬һοԼֻżɫӷ߳ĳǼ붼ǳģ¶Ĳȣ鲼ĳǳһĺۼ
߲ͬͬĻ濪ʼתʱЩ˺ܶһһĺͳ˾
ռͻȻѺۣǰеĻǾһ˴ƣƬΪޡ
һʵȭͷƿ˿ռ䣬ţͳǰ
ûд£ĿɨдĻ棬üͷһܿͿ
¡
˵ţ־ȴܿ֡
ȥͣڿУ翴˱۾ĵ̾˿
ۺ󣬳࣬ǿн˻
ͷףò˲ǺӵóЩ겻ĸlѹ¡
㿴ˡ
ǿѹǸʵϣǱסƵġ
Բߡ
ʶһ㣬ΧתĻɨһۣȴֻ͵һ

81

һ, 类һռʱҲЩ
ƭҡ
ӳ绳̧ͷ, ȫѹ, ʵ֪ƢԸ֮, ֪ӦֻǶ, ֱͽĶԻ, ѹ
ɬ֮ƺĵӵ˺, ܵͣ˵ţҲԡ
˵͵ͷȥ, ѹ
ǰҲã˵ЩԵ, ûƽʱŪЦ⡣
ķƺͱһϤΪУȷʵЩ, Ҳȷʵ˵ЩɴӼ֮, һʱ䶼֪, ˡ
ϲϲûκɣҲҪκɡ
裬û˵, ʹˣ㲻Ҳˡ
ܵͣȴҪͣϾûнӴ
ͽ˵Щ˱۾ֻ
Ҳ˵ҲԣĵһۣҾϴҲֻϹ
ѹֱ׵Ļﵽ˼㣬ҲĵģԭֻЩ顣
Ҿҵڼһȥ߸һߵﶼ㣬ҪʲôȥҶܸ㡣
˵˵ţЦ£ǸԹС񣬾ʹչȥ˿ڡ
ҪˣҾûˡ
˵ǰûͨûʶϲ㣬ԺһãҲˣЩÿһ㶼ҵģ˴ͲҪȥģǱˣֳǻҶȥôΣֻܻҵĺӣҪǻܣҾͲl㡭
һӾȥס˳죬Щ绰
ǵͳöĴ˵Ҳȴ˵ô¶ǵĻ
ȴȻһʪȵĴУŵջ֣ɻǱץסˣ˺ü²ɿ
ôޣСֻܻʽúüš
Цᣬ˵ôֱ¶ǣ޼ɵ˵ԼЩ뷨һֱ˵ǿҲʲô⣬ϲͷţûһϲĵط
ֻϲ㣬Ҳ֪ô£ⱲӾһˣҲԽҶδˣӱռˣˣҪǷڹŵʱ͵øҽ顣
Ĵ滺öȴ˵ֲҪĻ籧˻ˣͷߡ
һĨƦЦôһ㶼ûΣ΢΢üһܰôǷ顣
Ҳϵ˧;£ΪĻЦƦ˧Ʀ˧ġ
ȻڵֵѾЩֿЩǷᣬһ룬үٴΰ˴򣬿ǸܻЦʧˣɿ§ȴʲô˵
ôѹЦȥûװơ
֤ˣԺ󲻻ƭ㣬˵ÿ춼һЩư֮ĵطһζûȥ
⻰˵ȷʵ٣Ҳ֪춼һȥＸҪûпʱһȥ档
ϲϲң
ʵǲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôЩе޴룬ɳһֱڣҲֻȷһ¶ѡ
ϲԥ˵Ἣˣ͸ղŴʱȫͬ
ҲʱտĿռȻһ̡죬ֶ϶ĵ粨
羯Ǹӻеĵһ¾ǰĴץˣֹ
ǳĳΧ˴ţڳʶЩΡ

ϵͳˣ˷˻Ҳ޷жλá
ϵͳ˵˵ʱ̧ͷ磬ֳϵͳ
ϵͳȴû̻شһһƾոԡ
һϵͳǴӹ﷢ģȥټ
Ҳڿʱ򣬾֮ǰǶſԭ
ϵͳ֣ͿʵЩż
3086ϵͳڲ洢ռ䡣
еûͣ٣ɼֶ϶죬źŲȵӡ
Щʲô
ޱؿĪֵĹϵͳ˵ʵлɣ¾֮ǰЩ顣
ʼնϡϵͳĳֻ֣һָߵĿƼֶΣǻûֶζѡ
ı̮˶ظһ귢飬ֹͻ
ϵͳĻóüͷ壬ΧЩ棬ҲʱЩ
еĿ˶ÿһֶȻֹҪôĳҪô˺ӻ߻еĻ棬ûκκķչ
١ٴν顣
ϵͳ˵ɲȶĻ£վͳӰʧˡ
ȵ֮ͬʱ֡
ɫЩ԰ףεĳظһһĺͳͽָͬһһĳ֣ڷҲڲظ
ֹһΣͻȻˣԼڱڷ»ôִԭ
Щͬ·кüΣûбÿ뿴ʲô֮󣬾ֻصͳһμ죬Ȼֿʼһκһûж·ߡ
ֱһֻȴסתͷȥ
֮ǰһ飿ϵͳ
ǰѵͳĴȫֿɿϵͳͬɻ
ֻһΣҪ֮ӵĳɳҲνǣӵõĽ֣ʵıݲŻᱻƣγһȫµ磬Ӱ죬ǧʵһ
ǵĳʼ·ߣҲǵһξ飬ֻڵһεʱδεĳʧȥ˱Դڣʼ̮
ϵͳܿһ飬˵ʱ̵
ֱȥǣɹӦû󡣡
˵Ļûбֳκζݣ뵽֮ǰϵͳǿȥưɵ飬ʱ£ûΣյʱ˵ĺܲȷȻʱû˵ʲôһֱţԾв
תԴڣⲿ롣ϵͳشĺܿ졣
ȻԴڣΪʲôˣӦúǿ
ٴʵȻûôӲ˭ܲͱˡ
̧ͷʲôû˵Ҳ֪һжô£ϵͳΪʲô
籾Դֵǿǳ˲ȷأӣֻѡȷĵ·Żý֡
ϵͳͣһ£AIĸ߼Ƽڳʲôʱּ˵
粻ֹһ̮Ҳֹ磬ܶ඼޷תʧǧʵУֻظ־ķƣǵĻ˵־ͼҵ
ͳˣ绹ûֹͣʻ
ֵĿʲô仰˵粻ֹһܶ඼ʧˣ磬Ϊҵ˱У㱳֯                        


82

ڳ, ϵͳûش𣬿Ӳȶ
̵ٴ, ƺҲܵӰ죬治ֹ, ͶĹ, һӲȶ, ͳǰ
翴ôȶ, üͷ, İϵͳ˵ģڴ洢ռҪϵͳռ䶼, ɾ鷳ˡ
˵ǳȥ˵
ʮͬһ㣬ۻĳ, ʵӸղϵͳֵʱóڵһ, ʲôûУҲֻΧŸ˵ôá
ͷȻһֻ, ̧ͷȥֳֻͷ, ʲôû˵
ϲױ֫ӴҲϲͷһָãЩСų, ֻҪʱ򲻹־ͺá
ڳĻϵͳûгȹ峹ȶΧͷ˱仯
ǰһֱ˻ٴۿΧʱ򣬾ͻص˱ѵ
֮ǰһֱڳ˯ѵ﷢ȫ˯ź󱻳籧Ʋ䶼Щģαڻ֪ʵﶼʲô
ѵ֮ǰͣ͵ʱһţųĵĳ
άŽڻƣڲԶ֮һֻף˽ѹڻ
ѵﱻЩѾը豸޷ָԭ״ϵͳݵѹסʱͿռһֱ̱ͦƬһ˷ɢನС
Դը죬ѵƺ𣬲Ϊ籧ڻǿѹǸʵϣҲʲô
ǰƬ󱳵ʱϸһ㻤ס
ȵΣʧ̧ͷ绺ɿ֡
ѵһƬǽ壬Щƽʱõ˶е󣬲֪ѵ
ϵ·Ҳ͸ղȫͬϵ͵ͷȥ׸ɸɾģʲôûУϵĽָҲʧˣͳĶָΪҪѧԶժˣŽ˺
˴ŵĲ룬׹ô¡
ϵĻʧ⵽ߺҲϵˣͬҲЩףΪԼϵ·Ҳڴų֮ǰһԡۣǳ״̬
ŽŵᱧԼ֮ǰϡ
ѵĲƽϵͳǰʶ̧ͷ磬ֳע⵽ˣŷġ
ѾֹͣѵҵĿ壬ʱҲԶ޸ˣԴ˷
оԱҽǽŴ򿪵ʱ̾ͳ˽
ҽ󣬳ͱңҲûжʲôϵͳ֮źϵЩٽ顣
ڴߣϵͳһֱΧ
ϵͳ
̽ſڣǣ˵ǣķ𣿿ûᵽ
ʱһֱ룬½̶ǸƯˣǳĶӣﲢûᵽ
һ죬ǰĹϵͳֻص֮ǰֻڹϸּ״̬
ʶֵĲֻѡĲݣȷʵ⣬ظ
ʾֻشʣʱˣղųȥˮȥˡ
Ѳݸȵˮ
ȷʵˣûκԥڴںⱭˮִѿձӽ˹ȥ֮ϵͳ壬Ȼ
翴˹ϵ֣˵Ǳ飬ҿ
˵ûпϳʲôûþͿһ˼ı飬ͲµǸһǱݳԺ
ĦĲ翴ϵͳٴοڣ˵ˡ
ֻҵмɹתȥĸʣ־ֱ󣬸߼λյ־
ϵͳֵĿǰת
⼸ֳڹϣվڴߵĳȻڹ棬ϵͳ֮£壬ڴߵһۡ
Ǹʵ
硿
ϵͳûԥȷĴ𰸡
ǳû뵽ģΪϾϵͳѡ
ݣôģ
ϵͳŪһС
ǷҷУڵ¼ظԭеĹ켣ͼȶ·ظֻҵ־˲ν־ǲܾ߲ٿأ˵ھӰ£ǱʶﻹǻΥľٶ
ԭо鷢չУĻص˹ǣ˻˵ǣ˽Ƿì͵ƫԶϵ
ֳ֮۾̧̾ͷ˳磬
ܽ˵ԣ̬ⷽȺǿӲۺСͲҸ߳磬ԭľչģû뵽ϵͳ˵˳
ȻıͱˣȴûֱӷƢ
糤˧ֿ˧ĺйԣһȥͺ׺ܲýӴڻЩί˰Ͱ͵ģҲҳ⡣
ܿǳߵģϵͳȴû˵ɹֳָּڿҲôţֻίίˡ
־һοʼתʱ򣬱ʧܱ˻ǱʶﲻڵǣΪӰ챻ǲìܣձߡ
ϵͳĻ˿Ǳݡ
˵Ǹ˲ң
ϵͣСģҪ֤£ĻͲܽ·ƢˣңҲΪǸ̰ͼٻˡ
ĳ˵ǵġ
ϵͳ˴𰸣̧ͷ硣
ڱֻĴԴ֪粻ϸˡ
˿Ź
ĻŶԡ粻ü˵
ֻǱԴͷ
ڱ֮󣬲ؾ飬ͬ־ĳ簵нӻû֪䣬֮ľҲûг֣Ϊߵľоͱˡ
ÿһεظУû뱻ӵ·ߣԭо鼫Ȳ
»ɳˣǸĵСȫԹɿģ¶Цͷ
Ŀֻ֣ûϵͳĽͣĵôʱ䣬ܸ֪Щ
֮ԭо˵ӦòϵһʼֻŪ飬鶼޷ٿأ˸飬
޷ѾĲٿأȴĽ֣ÿһεֻظжһ㣬Ӧе·ߣԱȱ˵ʺΪͻƵ㡣
ϵͳȻǾжɸѡ֮󣬲ѡѡĻмĻ᲻ƣߵĻң˵ơ
β㱻ôų֮󣬸֤һ㣬ϵͳĬĬݿг粻ᱻƵĸʣ˰ٷ֮ʮļ߸ʣ֮ǰԤֻаٷ֮ʮ                        


83

Ǿ仰һ㺬, ǳ׼ЩֵֹҪ󲻻ܾ, û˵
Ҳ˵˻ΪӰ𣿡
ʵ, ºܺ, Ͼʱˤ֮, ϶һ, ʱҲȫų, ֻ֪ᱻ˻顣
ǵģھӰ£˵жᱻơ
ϵͳϸֳ֡
һ, Ϊʲôûб˻飿ΪûܾӰ𣿡
˵Լ룬ͻȻ뵽һܵʱ, ϣԼʱڱ, ɳȴͻȻ˳ȥ
֮ԼǵΪʱֵԼ綼̫𺳡
Ǹ׵ʱҪʵ, ǲΪ
뵽ϵͳٴЩظʱ, Ȼʱŵĺܿܿ죬ۻһɻиģӡ󣬺֮ǰЩ, 󲿷ֶڳĳϣһΣǰһ£ڳҵϱס
Ĳ²ҲϵͳĽеõ֤ʵ
ߵĲϱ¾ԭоƫ룬һжһαǰмܻͬĽ
⵽Ļ켣3068ϵͳͶŽУЭƽת
õԭо֮󣬲һϵųⷴӦ±˻¼֮ǰʶԼ⣬ֱ뷨ͬΪڲϱΧƱĹ̶ӵһοʼͲȶεֻظҵ˿ƫĻᣬԭоĲٿأӻصǡ
֤ȡӴһοƽȥĸʡ
ͱһûиΣĳ֣˻¼ٳδѾԭй켣
ǳҫưɣóĳ粢δ֣ΣҪԼǰȥ
ϵͳһֲϸ֣濴ˡ
ԭǿȥ½̶ԭ򣬲ǵõʱ˵ûɣ־
һֱȥǺģϵͳûɣĻ𣿡
վĳ仰ϵͳȻ֮ǰвˡ
ϵͳڳĬһֳּ
ԭ˵ﲻᷢӦģ鶼ӵн֣Ǳܿˣ˶һεظ֮Уֱ
ڿ֮΢˵㣬תһ룬Ҫһλûгɹ֮󣬴ϵҲʧ졣
ôתȥǷ𣿡
뵽һֱظΪǵ̲סʵҲ֪ҪôתֹͣЩظ
ǣڲı£ܺǹһõĽ֣Ϳ¿ʼת
̫ѣ̧ͷų磬ƺϾ顱дģǳ½̶ݻֻһСڻҶѡ
ıĻǰԭй켣ʶˣ
˰ͷ翪˵
ǵģԼܸı伸Ҫڵ㡣
ϵͳ˿϶𰸡
ޱĿ󣬺Ȼǲʲôӣﲻɵþ³
ôʵ
Ĳʻ̧ۿü΢΢¡
Ǹ̽С񣬳ʵˣЦ£Щ뷨ѹֱͦӰ½̶Ǹʲôǹѹȥ֤Ҫĸ˵ˣ϶ͬ⡣
ЦЦֻ˵ûãڻûʱ򣬵ʱٿ
ȻЩģȻô˵Ͳ˵ʲôֻͷʾ֪ˡ
˵ĸ߼λ棬ǸȽ磿
ѯϵͳ类ص飬һֱţȻЩǸĵطһͲô׵ĻڶһҲֻϵͳ˵ġ
ǣ߼λмϵͳ۲γɡ
֪ǲΪ̫࣬ϵͳڶЩʻʱشڲݿУѷгļ룬޸ߵԺϣ˵仰û漰ܣȨ˵
ת֮󣬸߼λļػ᲻᳷
и߼ڼ磬統ȻЩϾϵͳЩֶǻûյĿƼ
һ¿ʼתͳΪʵ磬ܵغͱʼȻѭ
翴֣ͣڡϡ
ǱͰ磬ʲôô˵Ϊ߼λĸ磿
⻰ʵĺֱףϵͳĬһСŸ˴𰸡
Ϊ磬ÿһ綼Ƕֱ˴ǧʵУ߼λڰת֮󣬿Եõ־
󼸸֣۾΢΢Щɲ̫ʲô־ţҲС˳
˵һָԸ߼λ˵һԴ
ƶǶ仰գգ۾ѸܵԴʹãʵе󲻳ģɶԷ˵ˣǸ߼ŵʱ࣬Ҳ뵽ڵĿƼᷢչӦֻһڻĿƼֶΡ
Ĳ࣬ڵõ֮󣬾ûϵͳ⡣
仰棬ֳָһ
԰תҲõе
ʲôȽϺ棬ֲܰѸתԴ
ԭн֣Ҫý֡
仰۾΢΢һ£֮ǰһֱҪдˡ
ﰲû˵ΪϵͳǾ仰Ҳˣ˰ͷԹһõĻȣҲһЩ²⣬Ҫý֣ʲô
Դ̧ͷͳһֵۣͷϵͳϵʱ䣬賿ĵʮ֡
ѵҵ豸ҽǣʲôʱģ
ʳ磬ֻǵ˯ʱ籧ƲգֻΪǰһΪ˻ƣ͵ġ
֮ǰΪֶνӽ㣬˯ŵʱҳԷϵͳ
˵翴ϵͳż˵⵽иĴųҲϵͳǣʧˡ
û˵ʵʧˣȻɣûаϡ
ʱѡ״̬һֱֶΣҳܾСҪǱƲͲðˡ
ԭ˵ͷͲЩ
Ļ˯пΣż
־˾ĲȲˮ
ͷͳȥˮˡ
ȳˮ˾˴
ϵͳٴλع˽ģʽ֮ǰѯΪʲôôȶ
õĻشԴ㣬֮ǰͶŽʱΪظ̫ңϵͳԴⱻԳٳûǰ¶档
شҲ⿪˳֮ǰһɻ󣬸öʯһԴʯԴǱϵͳˡ
ϵͳҲʾƶʱҪṩһЩֶεĻ͵ָȶ
ȻԳ˵ѰҼԴʯ£Ҳˣϵͳ֮ǰûгǰȴʱشĿģæֹǹתԴʯ
ڿ֪ᰴǸ֮ӣԴʯѣҲں                        

84

ϵͳʧ, ˵˴ϣ㲹, ѵҵԱҲѾ˺ܿʹɨ, 賿ıְ
ĵ, ֻдӴ͸΢, 컹û
հԡ۽, ڴƿӻû, ѾѵȻһ
Ϊʲô֮ǰûбƣ
ȫɻ󣬽Ŵ΢ȴҲ̫ܿ˱
仰ʵûͷûβ, Ҳʶˣֲһ, ˵ͱϵͳȥʱ򣬽Ǵ, 㱻ˡ
ӵûش𣬷һǹ, ʶ§סӣȵ֮Ҳûɿ
Ӧϵͳ
², 뵽ϵͳ֮ǰ˵ЩȽϺϵͳѾ˽ģʽҲԸٺ, Ͼڴϡ
ղ˵类ƣûбƣȴ飬룬ǸʱϵͳҲ֪ûп˽ģʽܲȥϵͳ
̵ģŬԼҪȥ飬Ǿתע
ôѿƵģϵͳ
ڳһʼܲһı֣һֱǵãʱ״ʱЩѹ
һ£ͳϵͳûҲ㵱ʱ˵ҪӣƤҽˣҿɴûôһʱĿȨ͵
˵úɣ͸ֵ⣬ϾЩ˵ˣƤ⿪ʲôһĿȻа𶼸˳滹ûаɡ
Ϊ˵ʲô羫ĵӰо֣˹һ㶼˧ʳʱﻹЩССڴǲҲӰݵ˾֮Ķȫû뵽ʵȴġ
ЩһʱڳӵĲ˼ȷʵǲôģҲȷʵǳ˵Ļ
ҪӣȻôҪҲͲˣʲôУڿԿʼˡ
仰֤뷨ȷʵⷽԣƫƫ˵úֻΪ˳ȫ
ĻشĬĬ˸ųû˵ĵģ۾ƺ˵Ѿ˯ˡ
һЦǾ߽ʵݵͿ˹Ӻ§ס
ﰲûãε۾̾˿
Ʋ滺ҩȷʵ̹˺ܶ࣬Ϊ״̬ԭй˯״̬ȷʵ
⣬ǰģŵζһҹδߣʺܺãҲΪղŵĻ˾
ҧ˿ڣüЩͿ˵㲻˯Ļȥѵ˯ˡ
Ŵе㲻ͷȥѵңͲˣ΢ҧ
˯ģС
֮ǰԼָҩ߳ɷֵģ֪ڲ
û˰취ܵĶС˺ܶ࣬Ĭˣ籡һĨЦ
ûжãȻߵ벻
仰һʱû⣬ôͻȻɤ˵̫룬Ҳ
ΪȥԻشĺֿϾ֮ǰȥһΣˣȻûи߹ˡ
֪ˣϵЦⲻϣ˵Ǹһ֣ҽ㣬ܼ򵥡
仰Ӳ⣬ɳĻȴ۾ܾȵģ
ӦͷƵģ˵Ҳ롣
ģˡ
ͷʡƵˣ
ɾ仰¶֪˵顣
ô֪
ųתͷЩţΪʱ˵λǲܶԱ˵ģͦС
˵©죬ҲûգЦЦ˵㵱ʱҩζŵˡ
΢ţ£翴תͷƾñŤܣͰת˹
ҲʱͻȻؿڣȺɨƤϣġ
ޱȵûˣԭΪԼصĺܺãɻǱ緢ˣң綼ˣǲҲ֪
ַֿ޲Ŀ󣬳Щ⣬ǱԼؿڡ
ôˣᣬû˸ղŶŪ
һŰյؿڣǲǶ֪ˣ
΢΢üͷ˵ûУһ㲻а壬վýŵģ˵ҩζܵõġ
οŻˣ΢Լʱ뷨־Ͳʵ
ɧ˵̧ͷȫǲץųŲ˱ѣǱռ˱ˡ
Ҿָôûġ
ǰɤľٶһģ
϶ȥôˣǵôûлָ
ʱ³˵ʱҩ϶ͬ⡣
Ц˵ɳƴԸУ˵ûرᣬСˢɨһһܡ
˺ܶ仹ǿʼȣǰûһ˵ô                        


85

ŵʱ, ͳŴҳ
Ǻܺã쿴, û̫ԭ¶Ҳ, һ¥ش⿴, Ժľ紵öҡڡ
, 仯¶ȱ仯ͦ졣
Ա¥, ΢תͷܿϵĺۼ, ΢䣬һּõЦݡ
Ȼʲôûֻ˵һ˵, 棬ԸҲ, Ǻӵеģ²ĺۼ, Ҳ㹻ˡ
˸ɴͺ緹һˡ
¥ʱ϶˷ˣ˲, º˿ˮԱߵĳţ̱˹
˶ŽΪɵ˯, ûпΣֻһڣʱܿԣĿγ̰, ڳģǺ
Ҳûп𣿡
ˮʵſѧ죬Ŀγ̳綼ˣûĿγ̱
ûС
ڴΪ緹һԣûҲţţ˵տʼС
޳ָŵźÿ߲ԾϣԼǿޱ۵ţϡ
ǰڿ˹ǵʱҲԹţţҲûȥԵط˵ֶʵҲȷʵûȥԣԳ˵Ǽҳ㷹ˡ
ԣ
翴񣬵͵ЦͿʣͬʱСţòӵݵߡ
ˣҳԲ֡
Ǹʺɫҡҡͷܿţϲֲ̫ţеԲߣ˵ղſţҲԣֻǿһۣôϲֵġ
ÿӼһ嵰˵ʲôֻͷԷ
ڷųղû˵ʵȻѡרҵвٿγغϵģ߶غϣܾò̫ʵϾǲͬԺϵһܾγ̣Ŀζһô̫ġ
ûпΣ
ͳߣ߱ʣγ̱˵γ̱ҿһ¡
ͰֵȥϵĹԡ
ſγ̱󣬷ֳϵһھпΣڴõ֣ҪĸСʱ
սΣǴ򶷶ѣ˵ûʵ壬ȥȥν
˵ú⣬ûںγ̣ȷʵҲ׶սЩʵѵݣȷʵ˵ûж塣
񣬳ֻü͡
ҴСͽⷽѵ˵ÿֻǻ׶սѡֵ֣ʵսȷʵҪͬϵ֮ǰķѵУоʱҶ֣ûҡ
˵⣬ֻڳʵûκε
ʱҲߵ˿ɳߣΪճԹŲһ٣ûɳزǱߡ
ȥҲʵĶ֣УʵսȥⷽѵЩ¶ĳıɱЩ̼ˡ
߱˵ͼ˵ɲ뱻ڸȥϿΣĿγ̶˵ͺģﶺ棬ռռʲôġ
˵˾ӵĸ£˺ͬϵ˽֣ûĶ⣬Щʵսḻʿʵ㹻ǿ
ɳǸĴͷ˵㣬ʷҲ㹻ǿɶӱԸúܶͷۣΪص㿴ܶ
Ĵ¼Ҳһ˶Ժüˣǰȷʵ˿ɸֵЩҲù˴ܶսľ飬ĸµĸǿѵȷʵܴѧУЩʵսãȥҲֻܵһѵ
ߵزǰͷԳ˵ЩȻ̫Ҳ֪ʵܲӡ
¶ĳ
ûȥϲϿε飬ĳЩ˵ͦ׵ģֻǿɻǰû
ɻı飬ðۣ΢΢üӿµģó̲סЦ£ͷĺڷ
͵±ȥ˻ѡһǮ˻ΪǮʤȽϼңѧУŵģȻ˵ĿԴ󣬲ȷʵǻ۾ĵط
һ£˵꿴˵ʲôı飬ֿ˵ҾȥһΣַΧȷʵ飬ûвμӹֲȱǮ
Ľ΢ģµıûмʶҲֵ֪ط϶û죬ȷʵȱǮ
Ūȥ簵˿֪ĲпᣬȻҲ˵Լμӹֱ顣
Ŵ⣬ԽԽˣҪӣ򿪹Կ˿ȷʵꡣ
ȥʱ򴩺·翴򿪵Ĺ˳˵˾䡣
šͷ͹˹ʲôĹ塣
粻֪ʲô˾䡣

˵֡
Ҳڹϣ
ָڹϻ˵Ժ󻹻꣬Ļܵ꣬Ͳˣγ̶ʱҲ顣
⻰ȷʵЩȻѾǴѧˣɿռťֶ󣬲˶ģѧﲻ˶
籾˵ʲôڹϿһģرӺ󣬾ûпڣ޳ָ㣬Ʒ档
һģرбĵĲݵϣץż·ĴӣǸȽɬЦݣȻɬ˵㣬ɿʻֹɣֹԹԵĸоڳĳվԱߵˡ
бĿʽʵȽͨԹԱӣ˾˳ɫҲ
ûѡãֱӾ
ǸйоصбˣͲپᣬԼĻҲֻѡʵõģҲͦʵ
бԼ򲻺ã˫ģͷá
˫ʵղﻹпռťȫ뵽ԹԱȥѧӣĲ
ͻȻ뿴СʱʲôӵģģǲǺеһ
еʱҲѧ
ʵѡĿȷģرɵǸ͵˽ȥ
ѽ
̧ͷѧʱ򲻶ȥ
ŴŴġѽóЦ˫֮ͺݺ˰ͷֹġ
׶԰СѧжţЦúᡣ
ͷ׶԰ʱСȻû鱾ɴҶ͵͵װʳỻųԡ
ҿСʱƬ
ЦòüˣᣬȻ֮ǰмӹûд򿪹ῴ
С
ȴҡͷܾˣó粻⣬ȴҲֻɤڿزסЦͷǡ
ᣬһƬȥٶգǰǴְ֮Ǽ㣬ĺգһЩ羰ա
ǳɴཫʽĳ˵򣬿ӤǸֺӤϵЦԽá
Ұĵģϴһ䡣
ֺСƬڳɳϵЦûжϹֱԹԱСȥѧСͷ˳ɣһƲֵĴë΢ͻ
СʱƯһ˫۾ִͫԴһץӣһֻڻӶСֺģֹƯ
翴ƬͻȻʲôȡ⻹ǵһԼʶҲֿɰץӷεĸо
ƺһͣȳ̧ۿʱ򣬿Ǹµġ֪ʲôı̲סһѽȥ                        

86

Ͽ֮ǰ, һǰһ͵ˡ
֮ǰΧڵ۶ԲҪüʼĵ, ʱ˳˼Ӽĺܿ졣
ڽͽ޾ϴ, ɺ͵
, Ʋͣ, Ҳ, ¶Ⱥܵ͡
Ŀγһ, ϵĽڿûΣһš
̫󣬰ˮ, ɡãͳһ㵭ɫĤ, ˮͷƶ赲档
Ƽûֻһε͸Ĥ, ۸񲻷ƣǰûнӴֶֻڵӵӰ, ڳ罫оƬʱȫǺ档
ͷԼϳֵĵɫĤ, ĺվڱſڣ֣Ҳһ͸Ĥ, ˵ĤͷŶ
ڹĤϺ󣬾ʹ߻䣬ڵϣûиܵκˮϵıо
վԱߣ˸бͷԼŵ˿ʽбЩθС
Сûбү⻹ǵһԹԱȥѧ
ɺŸˣɳҪװ飬ϰԴǱ߰˹֣ܲһ˱Ŷ
ֻڿ󣬾ţҪãͼźܼᶨԳֻýӷųˡ
ֹʱ͵͵˼Ƭû֡
ɲ֪ǲദˣ˼άЩͬԭһ˵ϲŷʹõ̾˲زסЦݣһƬ
߰ɡ
ջ֣תͷ˵ֻ˵ʱȫЦ⣬Ϊ米
ȻΪĹϵкܶණƿʽܺصɳԲԲ̫ſȷʵеΥ͡
ǴѧˣŵĻвԶΪһ뱳ᶫҲһ㿴ʶͻ룬϶Ǹһ뱳ġ
ѧУԶ˵Ҳ磬ȥϿΡ
·ʱͷۣЬҲĤǣһˮûմ
һʹֿƼ£еģͷƵʱȽϸߡ
緢֮Ҳû˵ʲôֻǣǰߣܿϰǵͷǰҲײʲôߣǣǰߵҲȫ
ѧУ˺һҲвٳɡģеΪƲʲôʩûУѧ¥ǱȥЩꡣ
ܴӣڶѧߡ
ȥΣڽſڵʱ򣬹ڳڵòߣúܶŮˣҲ˹
ֻڿǣŵֺ󣬻ϱŵ֪Ѿˡ
ѡ˸λ£֮ǰһ棬¡
ΧʱʱߣЩΣҲֻܵûз֣ȳȡ˳
Ϊ꣬սϵĿγ̣ڿûϴζ֮࣬ǰ˵ѧкܶ˶ӿΣģǹŶشѧҲ
һ߷һ룬ôõѧУղ·Ҳܴ󣬶ѧУĺܺãܾһӿεӦòôࡣ
Ϊϵ˵ģΪϵԴҾͲ̫עء
ԽԽСԱ߳һ䣬Ȼ͵õ˿϶Ļش
ϵвٲѧĹӵܣҲȽϽ󣬿óţʦܵҲ̫ϡ
ʶģ·λʱ˸кķӦȽϵֻͷʾ⣬ǼСӵҲû⣬Ϊֻǵͷ֮ѡ
Ȧˣֶ֪Įͷ⣬Ǽ˳ڳǰˢ֮⣬ҲûӴ
֮ǰ;ưݲ˶֪ۿǸĮŵĳүһдʼǣˮԷˮӺں滮ˮļһۣͦԾġ
˵Ŀôû⣬дʼǵʱ˵Ļ͵͵ǣֵĶܾˣʦڽ̨ϣǰͬѧڣ±֡
ܾ֮󣬳Ц£ĺɿˡ
κ棬ʼǱʼǵʱ򣬿ǰдЩ֣ٿԼģԱȹڲңʶԼŲŲֻǸʵԵġ
Сô£дʼ֮󣬾סǣԼקе㲻Ը⣬鱾קûгֲŪ󶯾ֻ֡

֮ͳڿ顣
޸ϵĿγ̶˵ĿЩͺŻлͺźܶܶ࣬侫ϸӡ
ڿⲿֵװ͸ڲƣЩûˣΪóЩǵñȽ
ˡ
ǰѺĴ˵ΪĵĻ
üͷ鿴źǴܣҺãûдġ
ǵѧϰǵľ챻ûˣų磬յİѶͷؿڡ
Ѱ
ƵģҲͿЩ㷨ʲôģÿοͷۣܶŶʶ
ͷ˵Ц¿˵̫ѾͲѧˣѺϵĿϺþС
߬ס·һ˵𣿡
ǿûеѧȷʵ̫ѣרȥѧѧȥġ
̧ͷʱ򣬳ͷ֣˵ʱϻЦ⡣
˵֮۾ɣղɥЩеʲôģһ㶼ѧϰҲʹֻ࣬ΪѧҲеԼãѧϰֲ
ˣѧˡ
жܿ죬˵飬ɾʹĲѧˣ
ѧãԺҵְļ㸺ļǩ֡
񣬳Ц˵ָдԣ˵󻹰οƵ˵̫࣬û˵Ҫѹ
ϲʲôȥ˵ˣ㡣
üЦƦϵ⡣
ϲҲȥ֮ǰûпȫѧͲѧˣ˵ѧֲҪʲôңΪԼ
˵ţ绹˻Լϡ
ͷ¶Ц֮ѹԴ£˺һﶼ컵ա
ǣ˺һ𣬱ŻˣϢ䶼ϵĵζ
ǣ˻ҧ´ﶼЦ⣬̽˽ȥἫˡ
ǻǣ޷ܾΪ̫ˣż׺һΣţ³ְԵǻİ
֪һʲôĸܣ֪Щϲ
ֻЩ˵
ڴϣÿν󶼻ᱧʲô˵Ҳ٣ǻᱧһʱ̵ᣬҪû׳Щ
֪ʱ̽´棬֪ϲ
Щѹĵ׵ģһ˹ţͿԳ̵ζ
ϲȣϲϲ
뵽§ų粱ӣеȥģҲȫů⡣                        

87

ҽԺ
︽С, ½̶۾, ڼտˮϡ
ƯϸվţһõĻ档
տˮཹཷ, ½̶˼, ߲һһ˽ȥ, ζƷֻ, ҪԵ嵭, ҲǺϸ֡
򵥵ÿ˶иɰȻûô, ɶһŸ߶ѧ˵Ҳܲˡ
ڲ, ⼸ƣѾԼ, ½̶ڴβĸ˰ĳԷż˵һ仰, ½̶ѧϰ
극½̶ȥϴ, ȾǺܺãԼȥ۾ͱˡ
½̶ֽźᣬĸҪϢ, Ѿϰŵġ
¾ҪţεСܵƤλһ˵Ҫɡ
гѰȺ½̶סʲôöͣԵЩʳģŽ䣬ÿҲлɨ䣬ⶼɾֻǲҪ½̶Ͱסĵطúܶࡣ
ְѧϰ̫õСΡ
ҽҩѺƷȷʵõˣôͻȻͻȻͳһ˾ˣҽԺ֮ǰһ취ûе顣
ʼնòΪһзչãĸ׵ĲκãҲǰְ㹤άҽҩѺѣ½̶޷еĽЩ
ҲֻȥܣΪȵĲϺҽ˵ˣҺļʱֻҪƵõͲ񻯡
½̶ǸмģҪĸ׵Ĳ
ʵкøУֻһ棬Ǹǣģܺ
翴źܲýӽһ۾֪ԷƢãοǸ˵ġ硱
½̶ʵE㹤ĶЩܿ뿪ûȥסл죬Ƕͦã۸
ǸͷĻëȻǴܣĵʵܺãǸëװ׵Ӹһͷ׵ӽȥһӳԵģ̬Ⱥܶӣܣ˵ĸлܲͷ
סⲻҪЩ˴򽻵ĸֲã½̶ŸЩ˽ӴǾһȺСɣĵʵûô
Ҫѧĸ׵ľɲϻԾֺùǣһ˵֣ʵҲǴһ˵ģǸEġ
EǴһƬ˵ҵĸȥˣλڻﻹȽϸߣһЩ帻ʲôСϢٶᴫһЩ
־棬ȥ˵ˣ˵˳ǰ¼һŵӡ
½̶ӡܶŹ˳磬رݣҲ˵ŮѣܻģûƬ
½̶Ӧ˾Ǹ˵üεĳ磬ͲϵĸٴȷһԷݣȻȶڳEЩ鲢ֻ˵ѣûеԡ
Ȼ֮ԸԸӽΪھưɵʱһȳҪദֶˣڽӽʱ򣬾͸һֺĸоԭֻΪ뿿ͼھưҵĻ¸߱ˣǶһģɳϣǣס֣ڸȥû˱ˮ
˵кøеǰ쳣ԣϴĸɸɾɵ׻ǻᵣġ
ܿ죬½̶ʰóˣϵĸѾ˯ˣŲ͸ᣬ׼õϣûȳţ
򿪷źǳ磬½̶ͷһۣò˾ˡ
˵ʱ߾վڳϣЦˣ½̶ڣ硣
˵ÿλãȫͬĳƺóü¡
½̶ӹŵˮºȥˮ
ֹѹ˵ˣסô˵仰뿪
û½̶ֻգһʱ֪ò÷
ȥְ
ССģǳЦ˫Ư۾ƺʢһĹâ
½̶ͷߴ˫ΪƯ۾ƿֻͷ˵ǡ
ǣһţ˳ȥ
Ѿ˯ˣǲôŲˣҲҽԺкúúչԼ뿪ȻҲչ˰ȣùĵġ
ĲĸҲ˯ˣ½̶ֻܵͷһߡ
翪˷緹ͺȣ˳˵ˮ
½̶Ŀĵغ󣬳īס˴ſµĲӲƺеӣʲôû˵յķȴôá
ְĻѧϰ᲻Ӱ죿
ûҲ֪ΪʲôˣΪ½̶һں棬֮ǰ˵½̶Զ㡣
ദʱ֪ΪڳԴף½̶ԼСҲôԴ׷Сһ
ô룬û˵
ᣬֻռ÷ǿʱ䡣
½̶ЦеƯЦÿÿҲЦݴЩ
ԥţ½̶ŵЩҲƿߣƺе㲻˼˵ҵĹΣڷѧ֮ǰˡ
ǸСƺ˵ԼôģҲһСĵĽ棬Ǳ̨еԡ
ʶ
ٵ˱佱֮շ΢죬ＹֱͦЩƯֹסЦ⡣
ôˣҲЦˣǸСӡ
ʵͱ½̶ѣΪչ˹պ꣬ԾʶС½̶С
εļְʲôѽ
װʲô֪ʵᣬ˸ʡ
ǰĳӲˬղžˣʻʻô
Ȼǰȥٶȿˣû׼һҺаȫȻͲˡ
ӺֻܿīסΣȴΪ½̶Ҳ
ҽ̣꼶СѧϿΡ
½̶ղҲŵˣڷûΣ֮ͻش⡣
ͷֻ˵ְʵһ֪½̶ְһº󣬾ͻڼְ·ǹǵĵһ
һԭһҲҪȷ½̶ǲݼְҲҪ֤һֱȥܺǹǾһҪĽڵ㡣
½̶ְĵطܿ͵ˣȻ鹦ڰѷ÷ɿĳ硣
˾ټټ
òֹɵ½̶˷֮ͳֻƺٴó粻ˬժī
Ǹ磬Ǿ˾ˣҵԺҲо˾ˡ
翪˵סʱͷŻ˺ܶ࣬벻ġ
׼ת½̶һͣþִɿĴԲЦ˵ûµģֻһƺѣ£ǿ䣬û
Բԣ仰ǶԳ˵ģ˵̧ͷ
ıĳǸҲֻܶ½̶һĨЦʾ˵һû
Žо˾˾У²λҽԺ࣬þִٵ½̶
˾ټ
仰ޱȱŤûи˳Ҳֻܺ½̶ӻ֣ʾټ
½̶ӰСſˣʶȥ磬ȴһˬ˶ߡ
ղԼǿȳ˵ûе飬½̶ǸСҲ̫ûе˼Ҿ˾˵Ծˡ
˵˱ߵ̫ʰˡ
ͳвԣǵһμ½̶ھϵͳ֮󣬳綼ʶӽ½̶¶Էݡ
ȴû֮ǰôЦЦģȥ䣬ֺ
ıûάֶã練֣ģ͵Ϳڣȥʰ㡣
ղŵвûʲôӽĵΣУҲֻܸų˷ȥ                        


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Դ½̶֮, ȷһְֱͳһֱڵǹ, һµʱҲʱʱȥȡ
ӳ֪, ʮǰమƽ, ҲΪ, ͼ˹ϵ, ӵй, ½̶ĸףڼǰȥˣںͰȵ̸е֪, ͳΪԭʵ֪ˡ
ԭľ, ȥ֮ǰ½̶и磬һֱǵ, 統ȻҲ֪ҽԺǱ߶԰ȸģҽԺ, ʱ壬Էⷢ
ϵͳĻ˵, ֻҪȰȥǸʱ㣬ǿѾʱдģֻҪ֮Ҫ鲻ı䡣
ȵȥζ½̶Ĵ, ԭҲù֮Ľڵ㡣
ڣ˵Ҫģ½̶ǹĳ
𣿡
Ľֵԣһ˿۵ͣʻλ͸ʻ濴ˣͳں棬ŵĿųʵ
ˡ
˵꣬ǰͳһһӰС߳˴ţ½̶
׼ľͷȣһ·ֵ
½̶ҪǸп׵µǹˣ˶ʮ͡
߽ŹЩţϾһεҪǺĿˣ³ʲô
Ѿǰˣ·˴ҴңȥеﻹŸʳġ
½̶վ̨Ǳߣͳĳͣ⸽½̶߿
ԭľ½̶ְȥ·Ϻǹصڹվ̨
һְʱ򣬳ɹһ˾汻½̶Сؾܾˡ
ԭľһΪ˶Ǯļְרŵ˾ͣе˼ټ½̶ʵеڲϤ˵ĳִܾ٣ԼȥһȥҲڡ
̫ߵƲʶɫģƯͻһ㡣
Ż½̶·һӵʱͣ˽ŲӦеĹ켣˿ûֽ
׻˷ɵԶһЩ涼¼˾ͷУǸһͷ𷢵кӴ뾵ͷʱһͷ֮£ż仹
½̶Ҫתֽǣһֵ߹Ǹ۵ĸкӣڹսǴײϣ½̶ŵҲʱϵڵϡ

ֽɢһζ½̶鲻ĸ׵˺ܶ࣬СҲȽ·ʱŵǹζ̲סȥĸ׳ԡ
ǰսϾ͵ˣֻҪչȥվ̨͵ˣ߱ΧǽסǱ߻᲻ˣĵֻ½̶ûй⡣
ֻתȥһ˲䣬ǰͳһӰŵͣ˽ŲʶԱվȻ˾ײˡ
ԷҲû뵽úܽǲȥ½̶ŵһɺ̲ܵζ
Ǹ̵ˣ룬Ҳ̧ͷȥԷ
ͷŹ󣬱纣۾ȫǵĮ
ɽ˧⼸ֳ½̶ԺѾѧϰŵĸ߶ɰвŮˣûйעЩɻͬѧһλóһɽǵƬ
ֻǰкӣǸǳûҪÿ
ͻȻᣬ½̶ʶ͵ͷǴӲʵֽӶˣڵأûüסԭĺһӾ
˵û취ˣĸҳ˵Ķ½̶ͷɥģΪǸкӻû߿Ҳȥ
û㡣
һԱ𣬽֮ĸоѾִܴŴԵĵͳߡ
½̶ãȻ̧ͷӦ±ɣ۽ݣ̫İ˵߹ȥ󣬼ϵ뿪ȻеΡ
û˵㡣
Ϊᣬ½̶ЩƵģԷվԭزߣͲ˵ˣߵԱ߽ҲںǲǻΣߵǱ߷˽ȥֱӳվ̨Ǳߣûлͷ
תͷǸϸıӰ׵±ɱ䣬תֽǾ뿪

žͷĻ棬½̶Ϳ׵µĳԭľһ˿
Դһֻ࣬תͷȥ硣
ˣ
ΪһĶС飬óȫ̲סЦ⡣
šԹԵͷ˺ܶࡣ
ֿ۹ñȽԶܿķΧܴ½̶վվ̨׵µӰԶȥ
Ϥԭ֪׵¿Į½̶ôƯӡ
ĳȥˣھֻһεļ棬ҲԶˣ½̶ѧκģεѧǿ׵һƽѵĵܵܡ
Խ͵ķ
ȻӱºܲãΪܹ֤˳չҲֻ
ųջ׻ˣܲϾûԸ˼Ҳֻ½̶ˣھ֮ǰ
Һãֻñ֤򲻱䣬Լ飬ֻڼҪĽڵõ
ں棬ԶʻȻ뿪û½̶ע⡣
ֻҪ֤Ȳᷢ⣬½̶Ҳᷢ⡣
ǺҪģ½̶飬һֱЩ
ֱһֻĴס翴еЦ⣬˵ģᷢ⡣
ְοĻ˵һŷǳ˵ġ
ϵͳǸǸ˵ϢʱҪûȥҰһ£Ҫǲıˣ˵һ˵˵ǼҪѧΡ
ĲԳ翪˵˴㣬ֻ֮ǰûк
ô˵۾΢ĿԣֻҪʱ½̶ġ
뵽½̶һµĽӴԷʵǸܹԵСѧϰԸҲã͸˵ˡ
ĥ½̶׽Ȼھ˾ƺе㲻ԸֻҪ粻ڵʱͻẰ磬Ҳ˵½̶ϵͦİɣӦǡ
ڱ˵⣬ûиоԼܲ½̶ע˼ΪСʱйı֡
СʱձȽ׽ֹΪóÿɰ˼ԱʶԺ棬ɶԱյʱࡣ
ССʱ־󣬾ø粻棬һЩľٶע⣬ŪջŪߣ֮ϲޣúܣɻصԼķͿ޳ɸ⻹䷢ֵģ֮͸ɴһ棬ǵʧٹ۸ա
½̶עıֺȫһСģһ㷢ѧϰʱǸʱ½̶Цƽ˵ԼԿúãڱ佱۾ԻϵЦҲˡ
ʵе½̶СʱҲϲһݼҵ˸磬ᣬڶǵסǸҵʱ򣬸˯֮ǰ£֮ǰû˸˯ǰ£ԶСС˵Ǽ飬ϲǸ磬ҲԸ׽
½̶ҲȷʵǶͬһԱˣԱĵطԴӸȥĸֲã½̶оͿʼ˴׬ȡѡ
̫СˣǰûôãҲûйúܲ׻׬㹻õ㣬úѧͿԣڿʼԼ׬ǮֺܵԵͲ
ĸûа취ȫУûκԹԣɵѵʱиһˣԸһֱûʵ֡
ĳֶ˵ɫĳ֣֪еһжǳģﻹΪȫͬԸںӴ                        

89 

µѾ, Ĵ̫úܶ˶Ը
Ʒͱı֮ǰ࣬ѧУ԰ʱʱСĹС, ȵģһСƷɢ, и״Ķѩ, ι۹ŶشѧĳΧһѩ, ۵ȫЦ⡣
ѧ, ѧУ԰, ˣÿ˶ѹ˵ôӴۺ, һԶԶ
ڻ̳Աߵȳ, ѾϰһսϵĿκȡ
ӿȿǸźµĸ˺, ¶Ц
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôܾó紩ɫ·ʱƽʱ˧ÿ߸ݵ, ɫҲԵף˧ĳòŮ˶⵽, ֻѧôã˼ˣ֪ˡ
۾СǼҪǱ鶼, ôų磬Ȼ·Աߵ˺ܶ࣬ٶǸֲõЦݣ۾ƺŹâҲ˲ע⡣
ڳ˹ȳߵҲ죬û߾֣ʾҪǣ֡
ѧУ԰в¶ǣһߣԶڳĶûоܾסǸ֡
Գ˵ʮָۣϲס֡
Ŀû
ߣ翪ʵԥ֪ˡ
˯Ѹ㽲
˵͵ͷѾѲĵط˱ǡ
˭Ҳ뵽ǸûȤϿλ߿ԵĴү£ÿ춼ǰѧϰҳɹսϵѧڵĿγ̣γģȻָϵĿγصɻкܶ಻֮ͬ
ɡ̣Եǵʤĺóüζͨ飬ٲȻ˸ѧԡ
ĺôԼû⣬ҼΪɫջֲزסĳݵСΪ˿Լרҵ飬Ҫѧ鶼һ飬ڳ͸Ū֮Ÿóĺݺˢһѡ
˶Ҫģʮ̬ȵĳ磬ѧϰͷˣż￴ڿ飬۾ˣΪ˺ܶƹȾƣ㱻һѧϰֻܿ˸ɣ뿪Ƕ麣
ҲǴǸʱʼȰѧϰͷʹ˳ȥֻܶùڻƣЦЦ͹ȥˣ˵档
ʵ罭翴ǶѾƻͦȵģֻתͷ˯ѵ黹µģһģִֹ
鷳ģǸΪ˱˯ܾҲֻЪ˼ˡ
Ҳһ㶼ǰЩͽ֮ҲʱȥҫתתĺһƣҲֵµǰ¶
ȥEطȥ֮ǰ綼кЩðڵʧʱҲԼϼ˴ȥԷʱнϤˡ
Ȼ½̶Ǽҫܿͱ糹׸һ治Щ߰飬ľưɣȥֻܺȾƣģƹⶼ֮࣬ǰĻ谵ȫͬǹ֧Ҳõٲᱻ
⵭ǵˣԳ˵ûʲôȻЩͦݣҲһʲٵõ㣬չֻǸ׬㻨Ǯĵطû֮ʧҲ
̫ܴ󣬳Ϊ̫Ե۾ʹѷϵ΢оƬһ㵭ɫĤֿƼŶ෽ķܣɹҲá
תͷ۳磬ﶼЦ⡣

룬극ϰ˯ܿͿʼ룬ѵŵĳ뱧ش˶¥ҡ
ûпˣ⼸Ҳһֱڽ״̬ͽ˼
ͼǰͬѧʱԾ飬ѧûã˾Ϳƺܶˣ벻ôƵʱΪһЩëƤ˵Ƿʰ˻ͺݺʰһ٣ʱǻᱻ۸ޡ
Ĵˣ¶ˬʣֻڴϵ˵ΪȵǺӵȣԼúȣɳϵ¶ȸȵˡ
ûΡ
һ೤ǹ󣬳ɤɳƣ˵
ʵΪѧĿγҲһǰֱӿΣ浽ӣѹÿ춼ܣûĿϣеġ
ԭ˵ôãǵ˯ҲȫˣСһ£ͱĳ̲ˡ
ֻó˺ЩܲǾڳͼʮԵʱС˵˳
Լȥ裬䣬ܿ´վڴ߽һѿ𣬴߽ԡҡ

½̶ľ߽еĺ˳
·ݵĳͳϴһһ۵ͨ½̶߽һС
Сǵһ½̶ȥǸͬǹѾס½̶ҲȥǹѵĵܵܲΡ
ڿ½̶ȥ󲻾ãһۡкӴӸ߼Ҳ˽ȥ
ϵͳṩڣǵڶμˡ
Ҫ֤ܹ˳չҪ˽ᷢʲô顣
ϴβͬ԰׻˷ŵ棬ڱ˼﷢ľ飬ûѵ硣
ϣǰ˺üһ½̶Ļ棬һǹ̶ǹѵļУȻֻڿ΢׻ǴӴͨĴɽȥģû˿
һǸղŸϿ׵µĻʵʱͻĻ档
Щ棬뵽ϵͳ˵ǰЩĴ򣬶ҾһεĳɹŸоûôǿҡ
ŵоƬڿļϣ½̶߽ȥûÿ׵¾ͳС
ûг⣬Ȼ½̶ɵİЩ޸УҲڶɵ׵ײǷˣȲСõһϣһǸϴ·⳥Ӵ˾Ͳ˸һĽ
ֻ󲿷ֱÿȵ˶ǹ½̶Ūһյ˳ǸɽһĽ꣬䲻ӣǸǸҳŵһ·
ſ׵´򿪹Ը½̶·ŷģֻҪ鰴ԭһֱչȥͺãȻ⣬ǾԲܷġ
½̶Ϳ׵µĽӴʱƵһ㣬˸֮ԭľ翼ǵ½̶ѧϰûְ
ְ¾Ϳпޣгڣ½̶ͰȫԹϺܺõӡ
½̶ְ֮󣬱ǲٺͿģɳǰѧУתԴõĵ۶У׵ҲнӲ̫˳۵Ϊ΢еϵѡ
תѧ¶Գ˵ûκѣҲȷ˿׵¾ڵ۶Уֻѧڽѧڿʼʱ򣬰½̶תȥͺá
ʱʵûжԣʱһֱظһ飬½̶Ľڵڽǳʱ򣬲ʱں棬˵ǰ飬Ҳĳһȥ½̶鷳
ÿ뵽ĵģ½̶ǸСȻҪȥһС鷳                        

90

µ³ʱ, ѧʼ½Էż٣ŶشѧҲ⡣
ÿԺϵĿʱͷżʱ䶼в, ڵսϵżʱͦ磬ÿѵҵȨڼڵʱɿ, ڲؼҵɿѵ
ȻѧУѵѵ˲, ڱѵ豸ѧУĸʺԼ
ߵ, ͱ, Ժ, Ϳֻźɫģ¶ʵҲĸ첲һ, Ķʪġ
ֻҪû飬ĵͻ, ǰһĻҲϤ
һͷҵͷ, վڴߵĳ־
û
Ц⣬翴˯Ժ֪е, ȻƽʱͻԼ
ˡ
ΪЩ, ۾󣬾ƿ´
ĿѾսϵѵԺۿǵʱͳģָϵĳɼڶͳ, ֪˵ķӦĳɼǺܾȵģΪжǵһ
Ȼѳɼȥǳģܲܿ飬һֱڻڿȵıͺݺȥ˳ˡ
ҳԹˣȥ
ˢվں汧˵˵ףһ뿪ԡҡ
һˢһ߰ãڳǼռ˵飬ûǰθУЩϰС
죬첻ϿΣĥĥģʲô³ԾȥѵҼ
˯ñȽϻ᲻𾢡
ϴʱͿԼСϵĺۼ
ǱУﶼŹһЩۼǡ
Һãļ£ûֺۼȻž̫ˣô·촩·˭˶֡
ϴ¥ȥ緹ߵʱͰͶ˵˲ϡ
ڳԶʱųѹҪʱ򣬳¥ˡ
߽ˣϺʪıѾˣϴˡ
Ͽԣ컹ҪҪϰ
Ա£˵ҧ˿ͷ
Ҫͷ˵
״Ц˵У㡣
½̶ǱҪʱ⣬ż֮û飬ദһЩҵΪ̫࣬ÿרŵĸŵ˵ڽ֮ǰֻǮ־ͺãרԱһС
ȻҲΪ֮ǰһֱδ꣬ӽ꿪ʼͻӴһЩΧߵҲתһֵʵǲѧЩҵҲ㹻óݳ޵Ĺһӣ˵иĹͷԺҲ̳С
ڳ˵Աߣ˼ǻƫϾʢ˻˽֤ûˣôô
ǰڣ翴۾ˣѧĸ£ʱһʮ춼Բʱ䣬˲ԸˣҲûа취Ծ͵һš
ֹ֣ɵ׹˼쿼ԣûĺܹ֣ҲΪԳ羭ѵ
ڿûôţϾ˺üˣһͺȥ飬Ҳ¥Ա߿źģÿʱ򣬾ʹչһڡ
½̶Ǳôˣ
һ֮ǰû͸½ڣͷϢһ£½̶Ǳ߾Ϳʵ
תѧѾ˸˵ˣҲͬˣ¿ѧȥǱߵķҲˡ
֣ǰѴͳö
ͷͲٵ½̶в˰иţȻ֪ЩΪ˱⣬ֻҪȵѧͺá
ԭеľ飬ھѮʱԭΪ˻飬ڵԼ˸طסӡͽᡱϵһǸܺúܺãѶԷת˵۶УʡѾ˼Ū½̶Ƭڸſڶס½̶޴ֺܶ񶾵ȥ鷳
ҲΪ֪Ժʧڵǣ͵ƫԶϵӴûѶ
Ȼԭľ飬ڵ˶֪ߡ
˻ȥ֮꣬ԭеľ뿪ңȴĻصƶĿ˹ǣԾ˵ǣ˸˵Сס£뷽跨ͼĹ塰ϡ
Щᣬһεľȫͬˣûб˻飬Ҳûȥ壬½̶鷳»ҪɣΪ鷳ʱ붯½̶ȴ·Ŀ׵¿ˣͬʱҲ½̶סˣһȽϺõĿ˷չ
ʹϵͳ˴ȥϧУΪһ鷳¼Ժ󣬾Ҫʱ½̶ľӽ˳ȥֱⷢǸת۵ĵ
ɹˣͿԳ½̶ǰЩʲôģԲأֻҪƶ½̶Ϳ׵֮ĸ顣
ڴѧʱ򣬲ȷģҲ˵ת۵ȥ½̶ͳ绹Ҫ֮Բ˽֤֮󣬲ɹ
ȻھѾױˣȷ²ԺͺȥȺ½̶ˣȥ̫Ƶʱ۸½̶²֣ʧܡ
ЩǳģҪȥ½̶뵽Ǹ壬ûǰʵҪȥִУҲҪȵ֮󣬵ȵпѧ֮ȥֻʱȥ
һֱ棬ͷۣЩΣ΢ֳü飬ҪˣȿԾͿԺú÷ɣ˳һ˿˹ǡ
룬λȥĻԴϳ磬֮ǰصǵʱ򣬺ͶƵֻ˵Լֵ˵ǣû˵ֻúչԼУ֮ǰƵͨҲ˵ˣȷżپͻȥסһʱ䣬ͦˡ
ĥҪô˵ͳ飬ղų̧ۿǸûпѹ֪ϿԺ󣬵ʲô
Ҫˡ
ٴγ˳֣ûгֻÿ˵
֮ǰļųɼˣɼûôҲûкܺãмƫϵλãɼ֮ǰе㵣ģ֮˿
Ҳڷ֮Ͳôǣֹֻ̬Ҫûкܲͺã˵Ȼϵ˺ܶ඼ǹѧɻǲȱѧϰȽϺһˣЩƽ񿼽ҪְѧϰȽŬܿмƫϵλãʵеϡ
ſ֣úÿ飬һ֧ɿתɵģģһȥˡ
ұĺܴʩչ˵ȥҾ֪ȥѵȻеҲ뿪һſԻûֻ꣬ʵʵ￴飬׼Ŀԡ
ȿͿԸ˵Ҳס
ĺͶ뵽ĸϰУȻɲ֪Ժᷢ顣                        
лҪ˵л2020-03-30 20:00:12~2020-03-31 15:59:41ڼΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
лӪҺСʹ 5ƿȽ 3ƿǸˡǺؼ 2ƿ.СС 1ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

91 

ڶ, ˣ緹, ʵҲûȥ˵Ҫ, ͳڿһͳȥѧУˡ
һÿ, ϵĿѧУ˵ǱȽ, ѧУ֮, ·ϵѧǺܶ, ƽʱȲˡ
е飬и˾˵⣬Ͼ֪ͨ, ԽҪȥǱߡ
ͬʱţ翪뿪, ΪѧУ̫û͡
ֽʰԾ, ֻôʾͺãñ
ϵ̫󣬿ɽ֮, Ѿˣɴų, ·ǳо˶ģмõ¶ƽ⹦ܣƽá
ȻҲΪ첲ϵЩۼǰѺۼ, ֱʲôΪ飬±˿ʲôͼִ䡣
ƽʱˣʱ£ȫˣ˵еĻһɹСҵ֮ʹҶк
вٹӵܣ֪ݣѧвٰԵģԴ󲿷˶֪ǳҵǸ̳ˣȻҲΪԸǳ඼ûйԣºͺ͵ģӴͦ
һſԣʱͦ죬Ծ֮󣬺ͬѧһߣ˽ҾͿ߸ݵĳ˽ڳԱߵ
Ͱͬѧ˱Ǳȥ
ô졣
˵˳úվ򿪳ŵĳ͹˳ţӼʻλǱ
鲻ࡣ˵ѧУ⿪ǻر·ߡ
ȥ
Щ棬תͷʳ磬Ժ˶࣬ȷʵеȥ档
һׯ԰˲ٶҲ˼ƬͬĹ֣ˡ
ᣬ˵·ʰˣںţȥס졣
Ļ֮濴ۣ￴䡣
뵽·ı׾ӣʰе㻳ɣ˯𣿻·
ˣҩˡЦ˵ͷҪǷȱ͹ȥͺá
һ˵ҩе㷢ȣ֪˵ʲôҩֻͷԹڸʻϡ
Щ棬Ϊ˵ׯ԰֮ǰûȥ
Ϊڽ⣬·̱ȽԶպ󣬳Ŀĵؾ͸ΪԶʻʻλ͸ʻ֮ĸ񵲽ȥץ֡
ׯ԰иӾأû飬ѧһ¡
ἫˣѼʻλת󣬳һͰĸʻҲת˹档
仰˵ǸӰƭˮ͸ȤӾ£Һõʱûȥߣֻû˵Ӿ
е߾޵Աˣǳü뵽׺󣬾ĵ۳硣
ţʲô鶯Ӳ۾
ץҧ˿ڣǡһ룬ҧĵطǶЦ⡣
ڻؿ˹סһʱ䡣ԥſڡ
ڳüʱ˵ҪҪһ𣿡
˵⻰ʱЩССڴҲе֪ԸԸһȥ˹ǡ
䣬ͿЦݣʵͲ˵ȥҲһֳϵľٶ
֮ǰֻûǰԸ⣬Ͼ񶼲Ըٰ죬͵ΪĹϵڵһ
ȥôȥʲôʱأҰǽ
ģֹסЦ⡣
Ը⣬ЩȲӣ۾˵ʮŵʱɣżٳ٣Ǹʱȥŷż٣Ҫǻȥ磬ֻŴȥ棬˼Ųѧϰϡ
ҳȥ棿
Щ棬û
ѽ겻ѧϰҪǼˣϲųȥת˵дˣʵѧϰ
ͷ˵̫˽ˣ˭ȥǼң궼ܸˣΪܲܲſ˳ȥ
Ҽп˵ʱĴҲ٣ԾͺˣͲʹ󲻺õתƣкӾãȥһ춼Ằۡ
ô˵ȥ˹ǵڴˣû˴Ǹе־ͬϣҪ֮ǰǰӣѧϰ飬ѧϰõ˾Ϳˡ
˵ͺȥ˹ҪʲôϾһȥ
е£˵ǻؼңǿֻȥǴȥû˻˵
˵ũܽƤһ뵱׵ģֻǵ˶壬ԶһҶòö⣬˵͵£вΡ
û뻹Ҫ£Ȼ˵ˣ򼸼Ҳã֮ǰĻȥĶǳԵġ
֮ǰȥǸвزÿγúóԾͻĻȥҲǣ֮ǰҲ˺üγԵĻȥҲ֪Ҳŵǽٶȱҵ͸졣
һ·ž͵ĿĵأǸַïׯ԰۾¡
ׯ԰ĹܼҺӶ˳
³鶼ùܣͳ˷źã³ʱͱ˸Ѽñϣ̫Ƚϴ͹ԹԴˡ
ųһ֮ǰ֪Ҫʲô
ǽϹŵһгָߣźɡ
ϳгЦƦһȳڵϣƹԡ
ͨгǰ滹иӣ۾䣬˺ϡ
֮󣬳ͷۣЦ˵˶ǲŵģ˭
ѾϤˣҲʱʱЦкӵӺԣ˵˵֮Ƶ첲ǰԼȫ
õĻȥ
Ц֮ҲգųЦŸ˵ġ
гĻеҪƲ㣬һ١
гݵغͺߣӳ̽ͷǰĹ־ڲԶ˵㣬̫ˡ
Ǳղų˵ţҲЦ˵ԭƵгԿʼۣɿ쳯Ǳʻȥ
ζׯ԰ֵļĶһʵЩ˯ߡ
쵽̫Ȼ˵㣬ɷҲô
ͷ紵ĳ¶ͷ쳣˧Ϊۣѹڳϵī˳ִˡ
ЦҲЦ⣬ڷгһܲ顣
ڹͣ³ӺվߵԱͷ֦ͷϵĹӡ
мΪïģ֦׹ϧΪľ͸ߴ󣬼Ҳûй
ҿ˿Ҳûʲôãźг߹־Ͱ֦קĸʮá
ڹתƣֹƬӣģڿߴ͸ɫӺ󣬼ǳֶ
Ծõĳڴ֦֮ǰͱ¼
¡
뵽취£ʲôЦҲû˵Լܹʵʵ˵Ķˣϡ
ú󣬳ץСվ¾ɹ֦ˡ

92

³ͷѾɹ, ʱð, Ҳֻбˮ߹֭ıĶ
Ѽñǣǰ, ñܽס, 赲˴۵, ·е¶ȵƽ⹦, Լ, Ҳûиеѵ
ľ̫ɹҶӶţҲС˺ܶࡣ
ѾһƬ, ¥ԶгҲû, ľ£ֻߡ
ԶСľʱ, ֪ղ˵ʲô
Ϊ̫̫ˣղžȥɳȴûдӦ, ֻ˵߾еطϢ
ľΧľȽϡ裬ǰĲݵشĺ, Ƚȥ֮ͿŵĴ̣ǱˮɳԱ߻֭ͱ衣
û֭ʱ򻹺, һ;ÿڿˣժѼñͶһڡ
ı黹û
ʱ˿ֻˡ
ˮӷŽСͳˣѾԿʼԱ裬վ棬¡
ҳһڡᣬ˵
ľݱȽСһǿ֮ĵطƽʱסĵطСɹ滮ܺ˾þֿɰܶȻװΣֺ
̵ˮͱڿлǵʱһʱҲֲ嵽ǻǱ
軹ûг꣬ˮɳҲֻ˼ڣľĳʱĶࡣ
˱ױ߳ƶ·Ҳɢڵϡ
ҲбȽСԡң㹻˶ȥ
ˮ컨£ԡҵϣɴ洫Ķȴ޷סڳһͷԸƬﲻǰľǣֻ
ͷżģƺҲǱ̫ɹˡ
ȻľҲͬĳԭʼ飬г
յĿɣۣˬǣݼȫĵ׵Ļϲá

β˺죬һʱʱ𣬿ɱĳ翴βĨ죬ֻˡ
˵ÿζl֮βǻ᷺𵭵ĺ⣬ǿģԶȿˡ
һεʱͷı仯۾ͳüΪƯÿοʱۿͻһ㣬ȴƯȴֻڽµʱŻᷢ
۾ǣ罫˱øϢһ
֪뷨ôǺӵֻΪǽˡ
ѧ⼸³ܿƣһǽźţѽһǼԺʼ顣
ƽ֣§סǸݽʵӵʵϲгǡ
ֻûãûзӦʱֱĳС

˹ǡ
ͳѾ˿һڣ֮ǰڵǵʱǸׯ԰ʮȥ롣
Һ˵Ҫؿ˹סһʱ䣬ҵ顣
磬ȥ㣬ѳҲϡ
緹ճûã׼ѥȥɻͱסˡ
ֱɹһ߸ߴģģҲ˧ǲôɹҲܾ񣬻һֺֿɿĸо
ȻֻϤ֪ͦأ͸СһԵ㣬ôãһͰϡϡģûС㣬˵˷ѵʱ;ȥгˡ
¥ߣղ˵ҪȥˮǱߣ·̫ʣȥ·ˡ
꿴һЦ˵磬Ҹ˵ȥ㡣
ĻЩȣڿǸЦ֮ҲֻεЦЦ
ȥͷͷϰҲģСֻҪ飬˵룬֮Իˮ
ȻʱҲͷǻµĻҲΌ£ҲҺöС䣬ûκʵʧģÿι󶼻թһպ
˵˴СʵǻݡԷ
ʵ¥ĶԻ˵תͷȥ΢΢üЦ⡣
û˵ӳɿϴҪȥ㣬Ҳʼ
磬Ҳȥÿȥ㶼ҡ
úܶˣץ첲ͷ꣬ÿγȥ涼
ԭȥˮǱתתû˰취һĶȥ棬ֻͬˡ
ŵʱͶ˵ĸСҪȥֵĶֻЦעⰲȫûкƽʱһ꣬˺ôһ
翪ųڸʻüɫĸ죬ҵĳƫũõģԴ֣Щȫͬ
ڵסôʱ䣬ҵȻ֪ߺûκı֣һжӴãҪ󿪳ò˵˿ģϾ͵ȫͬ
·֮ͣǰĸ˾Ͷˡ
򻹵Ǯ³ˢ˹ԺͿȥˣûͣһᶼֻҪǮǴˣļǰ־͸ӻˡ
Ȼ˶ĵʼһദˣ͵͵ʹͳ֮䵽ô£˵Щ飬ֻ˵ڽ͸¶ܻϢûж˵ˡ
ľҲò֣Ǻ˭飬ֻ˵㣬ϾҲôˣԼ⣬ǳĻ֮ǰ˳ôõ㣬Ҳͳǰ˵ʲôֻҪܹúþС
Ƭطղ㣬һһỵ́ȳģǱ߾Եüɹġ
ʲôᣬҲһ߶һߣûгɹʱͳЦһš
ԱñȽԶͳ翴ﶼЦ⡣
ſը˵Сģ֮ǰҪ̫ࡣ
ǻϳ⣬һֻڴϣصʱ˵ҽҩҲ߰ˣΪ˾ⱲӵĻ˳Ҳǵᱻ͵ǵԭ
ȷʵйõ㣬ɱҪڷõİҩ˵ԶԶӳϷǱõǮ󣬲˸õҩճԡ
Ҳλ֪ͳصǺ󣬳绹һǮЧõҩ͵ũȴˣҲö
պ껹ǱСܣ߳Ѳñͷϣ̫Щ󣬻ڵһºã˱ͽ
ñԼģũв٣ʱ˳˸
ڿϣͷ϶˶ñӣתͷƻ˳ߡ
Ҫģ̫Ļˡ
ͳᡣ
ձ£һЦﶼů⡣                        


93 

ǹúܿ, ڿ˹Ǵ˴ºֻ˵ǡ
Դӻ, ü춼û
ڿ˹ǵʱסԼķ, ֻסڿͷ, Ƕ͵͵, ϷЧûеߺ, ͸ʲô顣
ֱ֤ڶû֪, һֱԸ߱ˣΪͻ̫СŸճͰѽ֤, ʵԿڡ
ʹʲôʱĹϵ֮, ˺һ˵Ҫѧҵ֮
仰óүܲ, ȻҲɣ
֮ǰӦպ꣬¸ڵʱͽ, ⻹ǳӦģ֪ʱ, ˵ˡ
ڿ˹ǵʱ򣬳һְֱЦģ˶ӡܺãûж, ֻͼദĺ죬˵ͺܺˡ
ܸоԼ˶ĺãּװģһ˵ģܴжвġ
ĳ˵ֻһߣʮʱƢҲˣǸ˴ܶŹܵĶЩŰĹӵܣٻƽ֡
ʱ򣬲֪ʲôʱƺ˱ܡ
̫СһŵϲʱɵʱҲ̲סãϲЦΪЦ̫Ưˣֹ۾ƯﶼǺÿģôҲ
ӵףͲٴŻ˽˯Уһ繡

³ǸлǴѧˡ
ѧ磬۶ȴûǾ·ݿѧ
½̶תУȵһֱûг⣬ϵͳһССָ
ڳΪ㹻Դʯϵͳ׻ָศɵĺϵȲϵͳ˵ڼڲȨޣԸԴʯΪۣȡһݸ߼λЧҩ
ǰ½̶иûз½̶ɺܺãԭľһӺͳӶΪδĹϵ½̶ÿѧ˾
Գ˵Ҫԭһвѣ֮ĶȻ͵½̶Ǳ߾ˡ
ҪȥǸ鷳ѾǳüˣϾ½̶ӡǸѧϰõĹСչ裬Т˳
ǳһ컹ǵˡ
Ӵ򿪵ĳ￴۳磬ſ½ѧˣٵԼתѧУſߡ
һ飬̨ϵͳѾˣֻҪͺãȥ½̶ˡ
Ǻܽţڲ̨ʣڳ½̶ĳվſ̫ˣ½̶ܹҪҳġ
ǸƯһβ׼
硣
½̶Ҳ۾ƺ£û߹ͺ
˫Ư峺۾ţ׼ǫ̃һʱ
ܾöûпˣ½̶̧ͷƯȫǳǳЦ⣬Ҳ֮ǰǿҪҪ˾˵顣
΢΢£˵
Ͱճ̵ģһһľӡ
˭磬Ҫôҡ
ܽӲ̨һΣ˵˳̲סЦ͸ǳˡ
½̶ԭЦסЦҲʧȫʧɹִ̧ͷ
磿˵ƵģҲɻ󣬿ʲôܽ͡
ƾʲô򳵣ôá
̨֪ˣһһ˵ţֻظͺá
ĻԽɻ󣬿½̶ȴ֪Ҫ˵ʲôеһУȷʵǳ˾ģѵǣ粻Ըˣ
硣
ƯֹɵСغֶ˶ԥţջǣס֡
磬ҲҪЩĻǲǾͲˡ
ΪЩ½̶˵ЩͲģһֱһֲĸоܻȥĻˣҲô֣̿ϾЩ̫أǰ붼顣
ȻչŪˣ½̶Ӧеı֣Ǳ۸ޣͰ͵ӣס֣˵Ҫˡ
ﴫ
ԥһ£Űִ½̶ֻǰ½̶Ķ
ϸƯһĲţȴǰһƻҪ
۸
һɤԱߴȵľһ̣ջ֣ճ̵ģ΢΢̧°ͣ˵ͺܰ
۸û顣
̨ʣȥ½̶
ڿ׵¿һƣ䣬ɶԷǸˣֻ㽫קһԣ½̶ƽܵ۸
Ľ껹û֣һ߸ݵ˾͵ߣһѽ˹ȥ
˭ģ
ˣȴ͵͵ġ
˻飬㲻ҪҾˣȴôණΪҲ֪
̨˵ĺܽӲΪ½̶Ķ綼˵
翴ǺᣬʵЦݼڲˡ
֣û±£ȻͱҲ
粻ͷ˵ƳԱվŵˣղųߣʱһ䡣
·˱鶼µģ֪ʲô顣
½̶ųɿȻ˳߹
̧ͷ˾ˣ½̶ûס˾ˣǣô£
ܲͷӶϣ˵ûʲôͷˣ֮ǰǼ㣬֪Щﲻƽ⣬͹鷳
¼䣬üżȻ֡
½̶赭дģȻͽ˵ǸҼ̳ϵ
Eֻ죬ᣬҲɣŮŮۣϧߵ˾ʵĻӡ
ͷ˰ߣͼˡ
˵ţת뿪ˣԺҲٳ½̶ǰǺģղ½̶ֵĶûпҲʱԼһʼͲϲ½̶Ӵԭ
½̶Ҳϲӽ
粻̫и֪ԼϲԾֱ֣ȥ½̶еͷ
ųת뿪½̶죬˵Ҫֻһʱûͨ
ɸղű͵֮ܵĸоԺԣŷһУǰ˵ЩֵĻȫû֮ǰᡣ
ǲǶ䡣
ı仯½̶ܲ⣬ɳĽȴôûзżǰʱûмʱ˾ĸףҲһˡ
˾˵ͷˣġ
½̶ţҲʹ˷ɿ뿪ĳ磬͵ؾʹ˳ȥûκԥ
վԱߵĿ׵¼㶣˼治࣬Ҳ죬ȵĿﻹűɽû¡
ղſ׵°½̶֪ڱһʣĽꡣ
¶Ĵð׵һ
֮Եֿʼˣ֮ǰĲƺɢ
½̶ڰ׵Щм֮ǰΪԷֻһɽԴ񣬿ɾһˣܡ۸ʱվˣ֮˵ǿܣΪ½̶ʼնţ۸ˡ

ɿ뿪û½̶Ǳǿġ
ϵͳĹȿɹĸֵʱ۾
ˡ
αϣ˿
ڿĳ͵Цղݼˡ
ȻֻƣۣϷ۰ЦҲûֻϢһ                        

94

۸½̶¾͹ȥ, Ĵȴһεľء
ԭľУ硰ߡ, Ӵûš
鷳Ѿ½̶֮ǰ, ܳǰ
ҰϵͳϢ, ڵǺܶﶼʧ, Ͼԭĳ绹ڵĳ, Ĳһܶ˶֪
ڶڹŶشѧѧ, ѧУҲһѧˣ˵ϵͰ˶ʶ, ҪǼЩǰ뿪ǵһĿܱ¶
˵ѧУô, ·˵ҲʶģϾΪǰӵ, в˶ڿ֣Ժпܻʶʶǡ
½̶ʱֻҪ, ֮󣬾ʱѧ, ڵ¶棬ͺԭľˣû֪ȥֻ֪ӳǱ߷ųһϢ, ˵ˡ
Ƶģ΢΢ͷղ۸½̶ֽŸѾȥΪ治ѧôһĲˣ֪±óɹԵͷԼͨˡ
ģ
ϳţǣߣἫˡ
ûСߣ̧ͷ˵
΢΢üӣֻòһ䣺ղе㣬ûˡ
˽أŸչغãͱ
ݼζģ֮󣬳ǣҧҧ´
Ц⣬֪ͨˣͲ˵ʲôֻҪ֮ǸǾͲһεֻظС
΢Ĵ룬ֻҪܳɹԺͿԳκһطزء
lȻ˵ֻҪͻ˷ܣ⣬нԼߣﶼȥˡ
ȶܹȥҲе㲻ģԳʵҲôˬֻ鶼һˣˬ鲻ˬҲֻ㡣
೤ְζԣ֪ҪοЦԽ
ֻҪ¾ͺáο硣
˵翴۾ȫǺЦӵ뻳С
ӵһ˸еůͰĵ飬رס磬ǰδһӵֻҪжԷڣʲô¡                        

95

·ݵɱȽ, ֵĴѧУ԰ÿ¿εʱ, У԰棬ѧ̸
ͳסı߱Ƚ徲, Χľ, ٶ
Ѿѧ, ÿ춼, ʱͳȥɢɢ
һС, ÿ֮ľ˵ȽԶֻҪԶҲ·, ֻΧתƵĻٻˡ
, ˺ֵܶĶ˲Ϸһ档
ϰ˵, ѾˣӴ͸֪
ۣ΢΢תͷܿ绹˯, һֻʵĸ첲ϡ
ֻ첲˻ȥ˸, ͳ档
ûҺƼ˯ղƿֻ첲ס
۾ûְ§˻˳ư, ҵһƼ˯ˡ
Ϸ̫һ㶼𴲣ֻ˯
ż͵һȥѵҲûʲôÿ춼˵Ҳʲô¡
һֱ˯ʮһ࣬αѹû𣬰˴
͵˷·嶼ģ꣬ѾΣҲΣ绹ǶܸȤ
ͻȻʲôһױģﶼһһǲġ
ɧʮӺ󣬳ȷˣǸرˣȻҲ
ܲɧŵۣɺɧôãƢٺõҲе㲻ͷ۳ͷ˯
ҧ粻ʵֻڱӵҡ
˱ӻôѵ̬ˣͲῴһ
ĳ̫̿ˣ̲סය
˯
ǿз˻˶ſڳϣǳһԳ˵С񻹴ί
仰ڳУǹϣһ
չȥ˿ڣá
üͷչűˣ۾ʹ˯ûдӳȥ˯ҲйܶΡ
ѱסԼ籧ϵҲ۾ֻû·ϸ崥ʼ޷˯
ǵȵԼ۾ô˵ʱ򣬲һͨü˰ѷ͵

µʱ˵˵̲̣˵ܳǰʵûôίլڼѣгҲûôġ
࣬ڿɳϣϹС̺ӺͳԷ
䣬¶ƽϵͳǺʵģֻΪĳԭãԼʵʵаȫС
ɳʣԳͰѷ˶˵ڼһֱɳţûж֡
۵ĵ˼ͣͻƮˮϣ㣬͸㣬ӳԵ绹Ҩ𵰸Ϸ˲ˡ
ڰ׵Ͳ˳˽ȥﶼЦ⡣
Աߵĳһʢ׷Ų˺ϺʣȻ׷Ͳ΢˰裬Ϳֻӣÿһڶзвˡ
֮ǰ岻ʱԳ綯ȽϾ岻ɵġ
극ɳϢ˰ѷ˶ߣ輸Ҳʰˣ絹˱ˮ
Ա£ȻȻİ§˿һ
̫붯ųŲСںš
תͷףͳᡣ
ѲݸʾⲻˣʵֻҪ쳤첲ܰѱӷŵ輸ϣֻö翴ֻЦЦʲôû˵Լѱӷźá
ȷʵ˯̫ϷĶʱ䣬ȿ۾˺˲Źص˯
⻹һβͨϷԺֺͳһͨڶ᲻
һ§ϣ˵Ծ
߶ڵĹϣϷѵߵͿʼٻڡ
ڳ˲ϷʼԣѡϷǰ˳鿨ȫϢΡ
֮Իٻʱ䵽ˣֻϲ鿨ʱûжӴѾ̨ȫϢգʱֱá
ʮӾߵˣղŻûһ㣬翴ͲӣЦͷ
СûгԹϷҲᵽϷĿֻ֣ûôãڳĶԱ֮£о͸ǿҡ
Ϸ壬ִĹǰСһ㣬óϷҲռط
ߵĹģϷͷ϶˸ĳƺţԱ߳ϷС˶ǽģɢŷʵϢ
Ǹģֻͬڳ鿨棬ֻܺãĿǶġ
ϷͬˣϷԺϲһ
ڳϷﶥŷʵĳƺߵԼߣֱˣϷﱻеĸӺˡ
˵ˣõȥͺˡ
˵ţɿϵЦ̲סЦġ
ÿһﶼһΣԼԲǱϿôǣֻҪһξͺãܳɫҲ⣬Īļ֣ǮʲôһԿԼ
һ˸ճСߵ͵ˡ
еССļҲ㿪鿨壬֮ǰſƣϸղõģĶ⽱һʮš

Ϊ֪Ҫ黹һ飬ԥ֮󣬾óȳ飬ȿ
Цһ󣬳ûԥԼʮſһˡ
ġӡȻڵһֹ۾Ҳ΢΢ŴһֱҪŵģΪӳúܺÿܺÿֵҲߡ
Ƶﾫӵĳ˲ˢǡԲۡһľ̾㿪ǸϷĻϢ֮ǰˢǸͼŴУ˶š
ʮ⣬˾ӻһʹʹĳҲˢڷͬһ˳֮Ƶˢһµľ̾
һͭƵĴھͲôעˣʮſһڹϡ
ֻͭʣµĶеȵ⣬˵ǳˣڳ鿨û봶ٽֻϷʱ˾ʮõƵأףͻ鵽Ľһ򣬵ڰ׼ǮԵʱһȺ֣òߵ˶ѽ˻
ˡҲֻʮſЦſüͷ΢Цۡ
ӾջߣЦòõĳ磬Լģֻôһᣬһ㡣
Ϊʮ鿪˸ͷԥ֮Ҳѡʮ顣
ͼʱԽԽãҵͳڹϣֵʱ鿨嶼챻ͿˣҲеۣԱֱ߳Ц
ȿʮֵΨһһ֮ͣУٿŽ⣬ͿʼӺ˧ûС
Ҳûˣ˿ǳʵеϷˡ
Ǯͺãٿ򡣡
֪̫ģͿ˵ͬʱ˺ȳõ㣬İſȳ棬İſһŽĸҲˡ
Ǯ˽ȥ˵İſջ˵ʵģ۳磬֣˵ڶʮ顣
鿨³ջȻһȫʮϺûнĳ鿨壬Ȼ׹Ϊʲô˴ϷܻԵñ꣬еĻ˵໰
û˵໰ͷ֪Ĵʻ㣬ֻôһġ
Ϳƽ˾һֱӾ˸һٳ飬Ϊ̫࣬ԹǺʱͺܳ
һԵһٳڴʲôûгûڴľӣκһӰӶûп
ûסͳЦ󣬿ܾЦ̫ˡ
ߴǸŷɫϢϷСתߣǸӵóЦȻֹҲֻмѡ
һѽͷңЦüΪĲãķǼʶˡ
ţһһҸ顣
ӱĵСɴ޷ȥЦ⡣
˲ˡ
ƵĹصϷ壬ֱӾͿڳ绳᲻ˡ
棬鿨飬һ˵Ļԡ                        


96 

ʮµ׵ĵ¶Ƚ, Ѿѧµ⼸Ϊϸ½̶Ҫת۵Ͼˡ
½̶Ǳ߳һֱ˿, ʱûг¡
õϵͳͻȻ֣ͳ, Ǹת۵ϾҪˡ
ɹĻ, ǾͲһεֻظ, ɹ, ½̶Ǹ˲, Ǿͻصȥǵʱһʱһֱظ
Ϳʼֹ滮Ҫֹһķ
½̶ѧ, Уʱĳѧϰ, ѧûлسķ˾ֻϺ
ϵͳ, ³ƣͼʻھ·ڵʱ˯½̶ǡþǸ·ѧУﷵء
, Ǻˡ
¶ûгǰֻгɹ½̶Ժ, ŲܵԼ
ֱӳ֣½̶ʱ͸죬ϵͳʾΪһҪ, ܳڲӦóֵҪ󣬳ûôϵͳ˵ĻΪͲԼȥ½̶
뵽׵µʱʹ뷨ΪһĻҲ
ȻûδֱʲôףҪǿ׵ľ½̶ϴѧԺĸ˳Ͼôһڡ
ЩֻʱѣΪϵͳ˵ģĲȷ̫࣬ûа취ʵֻ֣Ҫ½̶ܻͺãҪġ
ƣͼʻ˾ϵͳϣѾ˹ȥѾûа취⡣
ϵͳļУ˾֣мĸʻΣԻѾ˽ΣõĽ½̶˱ȣڼȶ¼зˣ½̶Ҳš
ڿŲˣԱ߿ţΪţ鿴ȥϷû˼ȥˡ
֪ţͷʾοʲôû˵˼Ͷ뵽ǰʮУͼĸ󣬾Ϳʼ·ص㸽Ա
ȳȷԱλֻ֮ȺĵŹͨѶ棬תͷһֱڵ
ղǲų飬ڼ˹ɳ￿˹̧ͷ磬ɽš
ס֣Ҳ
ͷǣԵĵͳοɹġ
գ۾ֱǸʵȵסаȫУͷظһ䣺ɹġ
ڻలο簲ȥѾ˸Եĵط

⹫˾һѼñ峤˴ҴҴӽֽת˹
ϳ£ô
һһˣԷ̡֧
Ҳⲻ̫ǴѧǱߺá
Ǹϳµ˾ӹ̣˿Ϥһ߳һ߱Թ˼鲻á
ʦ߲ߣ°ˣ
ǸѼñ˿⳵ͣԥ˼²Źʻ¶ͨȺкۡ
ߣȥպһ
ϳ¼վԼԱߵģϽ֧꣬˵ſ뿪
⳵һͣ£ӱȽԶϳ»׬ЩЦҲˣں˿Ц˵ߺãͿؼˡ
վԭص˿뿪ĳ⳵ִ˲ڶͷµͨѶװá
ͷװˡ
ѹ͵˵꣬ǱߵĻشѼñ˾뿪
ϳµĳλ£һƴĺɫװñûпԶǸװͷɳһ׼ķм
µװõײҲĸе̽ͷּӲϢľ˳ĸһֱ׶̴ˣΰڳϡ
ⲿƶϵͳڳʱƹϳµĲݣƿȨԱߣҪֻ½̶ˣȻͣ

Ѿü춼û˯ˣ³ǿ˯˯֮ҲһֱجΣȫЩڰξˤͷӰ޷ɢ
جֻ֪ߣ־ѹƺҪû󣬿§ĳͶ
йغڰξʵҲг磬࣬ɱһ˴ǸԸгĴڣֻ飬ĻͲһ˱ˡ
߰ξǾѣȫ亹һֱ˯ĳÿһζ֪جˡ
ûа취ĳֻøҩ˳˯УΡ
ܿ죬һ͵ˡ
ΪҩıȽᷢʲô̴Ӵ´¡
תͷ磬֪ʱ仹û˿
ΪģԳʹȥ˵۶и
ʱ򣬸лûзѧһڿεʱ䣬ֻڳȡ
ĵȴĽѣڿ󣬳һѱס˲Ц˵˾䣺µģ㡣
ǻᱻɤҲ⣬㹻򶨣ѹЩͳ籧һ𣬵ȴ½̶ѧ

97

ʮ, зѧˡ
ѧУſںܿͳֵһУ԰ŮκһѧУ, ôһˣڳԷʱǳǰġ
۶в, ģС, Ҳкܶ, г뿨ѧŵطԷ, ˵ĵطҲ, صѧϲ
ѧУѧʱ򣬾ʹӳŴ̧ͷ⡣
ĺϣǰвټع, ѧУĴС̶½ѧ
ӳջߣǰĹ
⳵˾ʻ, ԭоһģһҴһֱ˴ͻ鱨, Ǹճµ˾£˸ͨΪǰҹԵ, ϰͨ˯ģ˵ʱ֧, ԽʹŹǷճϰࡣ
⳵ԽԽӽߣһֱ½̶ߵļҲʾѧУߣȥѧУĲ
ŵĶ˺ôŵĵ, ΪڽţŹ񶼱ãȻһʱԼ֪Լʲôֱһع˵˵
ȥô˵¿˼ʽ
ʵת˿׵Ǳߵļع
ͷˣһǹ
˧ӣ￴Ǹ·̧žѧУߣȥѧУӡ
·֪ǿһƽѣҲ½̶һСεĸ磬ϴο¼ҷġ
Ǹ½̶
·۾ܼ⣬½̶ıӰͿ˵תͷͿĽŲˣһУߡ
˲ţڿûпĵط·ٴοǰ½̶ıӰ΢΢ͷۿĳʵֹ½̶ϲҲϲ½̶ɡ
еԵֻΪԼ̽һܣȴȫ֪æ˸Ͳ½̶ǳðģССĿƼֶΣαװ½̶ӣȻҵĺ½̶ͺƣ̫Ϥ½̶ˣͷֱ治ˡ
ߺͼƻһûгʲôҲûжжϣҪܳ־½̶ãȲҲûʲôڳ⳵ĿȨѾƿˡ
ֱס緢ﶼǺ
֪̫ˣٶలοĻ޼£ֻܵȽ³ɹʲôû˵Ա˲֡
˿ż½̶·ߵĵֽʻСֽҪѧУ
ҲǸ·ЩԵģ½̶·
½̶ȥʱ̤емһľ롣
Ҳʱ⳵ˡ
˯˾͵һۣͿһѧĳܽͷ亹˲ð˳һŲɲˣ½̶̫̫
Ư͸ãȻ½̶۾ӳײ
̶ɲڽֵ𣬳ڵ滮ĺۼѧ˵Ŀ⣬
˾ֵǰѧͷԭӦ亹ûжʱһֹͣˡ
ŹڿΪϵͳԭֹܵͣļ¸úЩѡ
Ȼһ룬顱һ죬⳵ͱһ𷢵ĸһȭ䵽Աߡ
ԭײ½̶ͷƫ˾ĻУ⳵žͱ·ߵ̨ףĽƶϵͳһ⳵Ϩ˻ҲвΧκһˡ
׵ֱϸǵĺɫʧվűײ½̶
ײ½̶ˤڵأһƬ곯֡

·˺ѧܶ඼ڿߣڿǸײѧȺ˶ֹͣʱѡ
ﻮһֵĸܣƺʲôһֽĸо
ģϴаƶ䣬ܺãԤҲһ
һжá
۵ˣû˼ǵһﻮ˿У糣ڼ

½̶ɹ£ͳ˿˱ۣƽ
źͺǲɱģϵͳʾɹһ˲䣬Щڳɹˡ
һԱߵĳ磬ҲʱŲ֡
ʲôû˵һ֮ģԱŲ˳ϣ˫ȷڳԱߣƣʮ˳ӣֱ֮ס
ų磬°͵ϣʲôû˵ţûͰѲ˳򴦣Ǻǵơ
ɹˡƵģ˵
ţɹˡ
ͳдԣ˵ʱᣬʵĻҲܳʵİȫС
һڳһֹֻеļعȻȥͲӦó򿪹ԣ뿪

½̶ˣƲƤѪ׵¾ˣڱĽ󣬶Էóǡ
ѧУſڳ˳ǱҲ˾죬˾ܿͱƴˡ
һʱ򣬿׵¾Դӿѧʱ𣬸ת½̶ͶԿӡúô㡣
½̶תģͰ˶ôϤתͷֿҲϣԱˣ֮Ľ΢ô㣬ΪڰеİͬѧͿ׵»˵ʼμ治ô졣
ƽʱСʱҲ֪ΪʲôڲͺͿ˶ӣȻ׵εʱҲ֣˵Եʵѿʼ
µʱѾеϤˣʱѧУʱһԷ
ֻ½̶û뵽Σͷ׵»ѡ
鷢һ˲䣬ĳҲͨ˲ֿܵģ˵κһ˶ĻűܵĿ־壬½̶ԼҲǣڷӦԼҪײʱΪԼ£
ɿ׵ѡȻΪ׵¹ĳӣݵλͲͣȫǹӵģвٷװһͨȫӦԡ
Ҳ֪һ㣬Ųôȥ½̶᲻˵飬ֳķӦٶҲһ̳Ӧеֵ͸ˡ
лл
½̶ƤˣղץֵĿҲջ֣˳ջǡ
ƫЩȴҲʧ˶еʸУ½̶̧ͷſ׵лҪӰͲֻӰˡ
鿴Ľջ֮󣬾½̶лƯȫ棬Ҳǣֻӳһ˵Ӱ
עⰲȫ
׵ƿߺ󵭵ڣҲĮ뿪߲俴½̶ϵѪǿ˿ڣûа취ЩѪȥ
Ӷͳɾİɫݸ½̶Ľת뿪
Ȼȴ΢΢ĴָʳָĦһ£ղץ½̶ֵȴƺڡ                        


98

ʮһѮ, ½̶Ѿȥˡ
ǵ¶Ƚŵ˶˺·, űȽϺʵ, ȻҲɴĵ, ܶ඼ǰˡ
Ŷشѧǰҵ, ˺, ܴͨ
ͳвͬ, ѧĽֵܿǣ֣ԷƷ¾Ӷһ㡣
ǰ, ׼ȥԡ
Ҫĸ
ˮ, תͷʲôĲ̫Ȥ, һ㶼ԡ
ζûʿˮ㰡
ϰǸѧ, ͳ󣬼Ǹǰһ, Ǹ̫ˣ˵߻ϱȽ϶һ㣬Ͼ֮˽֮, ĳǺ㣬۾ҲƯ
˼̧ͷϰ۾Ϊڴ⣬ϰ壬˵Ǹôԡ
縶Ǯͺ꣬վڵſڣЩȲҪԣû뿪
ȳԣٻȥ
ͳЦ⣬һˮӺӣ˵úᡣ
߱߳ԱϾ̫ãעᱻɢ˵
ҧһڣ𣬳ںʳ磺Ҫ𣿡
ģ˫Ư۾۾￴Լ
Ҳԣġ
ûᶫһֻԴûųԡ
һĽֵϳԶе㲻ãͰװ˴óݹֽ˲ֺ˾ǣһߡ
ŷ磬ĺʵһ㶼䣬ͳǣŵҲǸֽס
û߶ԶûбסĵطЩͰֻԼ¿ڴ˵ֶ档
̧߱ͷͳһۣЦ⡣
´ȥȱʱҲȥ
˵ڳڴů
Ŷشѧܴ󣬴߻رǱ붼ʮӣߵʮʮӶУû飬ƵҲʲôɢղ˴ڲǺܶͲżȥ
ԣűߵ̫
֪ʲôѾȥϵͳ뿪ˣǲ̫½̶йĽӴ
̧ͷεؿһۣʵе㲻ףô½̶ԭʲô½̶ֻǸûгˣԸҲôԣɳǲ½̶˵
û
ûشĳתͷºҪһ
ˡ
ȻôģҲ֪ϻǲҪͳֻۣƻشһ䡣
ںܶϣ綼˳˼ʲôԣҲܺúܺã˵ǵһҲΨһһʲôԵˣһ漰ͱ˽ӴͺܰԵԶ˵һ仰ȥꡣ
еܣõشĳû˵ʲô
ֻڻȥ֮󣬾͸ʣ۸˺űŻ˰ǡ

ѧϰæ½̶Ҳ⣬ѧϰܺãŬŶشѧĿꡣ
ϴγ飬ûи߰ȣĸ屾Ͳãܺõ㣬ûж˵ʲô˵ҲֻˣƵƵʱˣȻⶼǶ˿׵¡
Էˡ
ȵ洫鷿￴дֵ½̶Ӧһ䡣
ҽԺ֮󣬰Ⱥ½̶һס˸иΪˣܺúչ½̶
ǰվ½̶ʰ˸ղƫ˼뿪֮ǰϵʼǱһģһ룬һǿ׵µģʼͦʱҲ뵽ǸĽꡣ
ǴӹѧУת۶еģȻѧϰãɽ̲Ĳ̫һ֮ǰĽ̲ĳ˸ȫˣʦϿûʼ˿ģûһ߳һ߼ǣҲˡ
׵¸˵Ҫ￴ȥ
뵽½̶ʼǱȥЩĸ׵Ĵߴд鷿˳ȥ

ȵÿһ¶Ҫ飬ҽԺ豸ȫ棬ÿζҽԺǱȥ
Σ˾˵İȣڴ򿪷ź󿴼˳Ժܾȣڿʱ
һ³ʱɲ֪һ𣬾ûм
ӹȦİȲ³ʲôԭ򣬳ǴСģԻŮ飬԰˵ûʲôʵģû뵽绹ٺͺá
ûκЦᣬӭ˽½̶ȥˮ
ʵӡ󲻴ҵһμʱ򣬾Ͳ˸ǲģ룬֮ǰֻСìܶѡ
ٶĲ²⣬ȶԳǺģϾǳͶĸмȻö˵
½̶֮󣬱ڸſڷ顣
еΣΪȥ½̶鷳ɵʱ͸ܵ½̶ѹ
ûôڿΪı󣬻ǿڸ˸̨ףŰڳˮ½̶͵ʱܣһʱġ
͵Ļ˵мؿһۣջĿ͸½̶С˵ԲģǺܲ˼ģ
½̶ǸţͬΪˣҲȽСҲͰ͵СŪЩ̡
硣ںԭ˶Է˼
ڳüͷ֮½̶ʶ͸˿ڣ˵˾ˡ
̾Цԭ֮ҲʱȶŹ̴ӳûС̸Ц۾ӣҲԿģΪĿˡ
ŰȥҽԺ飬½̶Ҳȥˣں棬΢΢̧ͷϲĸ硣
ʵ磬ͳ˾һˣֻܽо˾ˡ
С죬ʵûʲôͬԣϾ½̶Сƽʱרѧϰֻѧϰϵ飬½̶ǰǸѧѧĳ綼½̶˵ѧϰϵʱֻöԷ
뵽½̶˳Һֻˣֻƣ뵽߾̲ס½̶֡
Ӧú˰ɣʱͳ뿪֮ǰڹ￴׵óǡ
⵽ߣ½̶۽΢漴̧󷽷̯֣˹ȥ
硭˾ˡ
ʱ˿ڣ˵ʱ򻹿ۼʻλϵĳ硣
Ⱥͳ˵¼飬ûвĲ
û¡
ֵ˹ȥڿץס֣½̶Ц˵
ʶڣû¾ͺá
仰½̶ȷͳ֪顣
漴뵽Գ˾˵Ȩ˵֪Ҳϡ棬Ͼڸſڷģֲʲôܡ
˵һ£ɵԼۿ½̶û֮ų׷ġ
ĳ˵ĶԻӺӾ￴½̶˼ͦࡣ
ڿץ½̶֮˳ڳﲻֹҲ÷                        


99

ҽԺ֮, ְѰ˻ȥ
ڰȵ֮Уǻû̫ʱ, Ϊ̫̫˵ˣҪع͡
뿪½̶ס֮, յΪԶʻ, Źķʻ, תͷ, Ŀ⿴ôһ㡰ơ
ʻ͸ʻ֮ĸ񵲽ȥ, ֮ûĳ磬ɵþ
紩װ, ɫװܳģһ޷ݵ, һμʱʹװҲΪһ۵ԭ, ڴװĳ缸ûеֿﶼÿװ, Ʋߣ̫á
ȫաһ⿪, ųúÿҲǽڷ֪, ʶĶ˧˧ֲôƣҰԸ档
ֻǶڵ˵û˼ͣΪ̫ϤˣζҪꡣ
е㺦µʻߵĳ漴˴Ӷת˹˫ֱֱ࣬ܶûа취ܿ
磿
ǿССģɿԼ˳磬Ӧûаɡ
⿪İȫһѽ˻
ڳϣϰԾ§סӣʮȻ鲻õĳ˵΢˵
һֿףԼʲôû˵Ϳʼ
ݽڣĵһǲôᣬ׺ݣҧ´һڣ˸ҧ֮ȥϸϸ£ο
ͻȻҧ˿ڣû뵽ģò˵ﻹеίɱ簲֮ǵίɢˣֻڳУԥһ£ȥ
ֻǳǳǣǡ
еˣ˵
ȻŹĺô
Զʻкߺ͵һġ
ڰѳΪԶʻʱ򣬳Ϳ˽ģʽ˲濴ǰͳŲ˺ɫҲῴ棬ûоܾ£еϲͳǣرڳʱ
㣿
֮󣬳еƣѹıȽϵͣһζ
һôˣʱҲܲȽϲ£ֻǴûʹΪϲ£ԻױʲôģҲ壬񫡣
ϲϲ㣿
˵ٴʵʱû֮ǰ½̶ǣ¡
䷺΢졣㿪˳ߣſϻûлش
˵Ļɵͳ΢΢ͷ˵Ҿڳ㡣
仰ͳģȴ˵Щ׺ݣŵ̾§
Ц͵Ц˳Ѿʼʵˡ
ϲ
άŽ§ų粱ӵĶ˵ʱȴϣƵġ
ϲʲô˵
ϸ⻬Ƥó᲻뿪شû׷ŹĦƤʵͳǶһ㡣
§ųһƵ棬ŲߣȴУûأֻ΢΢ɤ˵ϲҡ
һ٣ִ·õ׼ȷشԶ׼ĿģٴνѹԼǰֱӾȥҲڱЩ
ϲô㣬Ǹղ֣
ĵģƺҪʵס
Ƥͱڱô׷ʣ䶼е̣ǲ˵Ļ
Ϊѵץų󣬳۸ţֻЭ˵ϲġ
ŴŴģ۾Ϊ΢΢ʪôų磬ٶߵ飬崿޹
ֻˣ벻۸͸ģʱ̣Ҳֻг֪
Ử˽첻ȥͷҪֱӰѳرǱߣѹ˼
Ϊʲôϲġ
˵ţȥ³˵㡣
˷ֿղŲͺˡ
ϲϲ
ûһʵͳᣬ·ղŴ³˲
ܻشʲôȻ֪ȻĻҪ
ϲ
ڳϻ˸ƣ°ͷϣôпų磬ǵƣ˵羱࿿˿
ǰǰӷɣ໹Ǹղ˲䣬ü䶼Ц⣬ûٱʲôӵ˺ܾá
ſڳ绳ͬЦ⣬ʵû˵ѣǣϲֻҪǳ硣

ʱ÷ɿ죬ڵڶ֮ʣ߿ˡ
Դ½̶ƽ֮ͳҲع״̬
ϵͳ뿪ˣ뿪֮ǰΪ½̶Ϳ׵»ûдԲ֣˸ûȷ֤ڸ˵ԶԶûǸʱһ塣
ȵ½̶Ϳ׵½ˣʾɹ֮Ϊһʵ磬ܳһʱڣбĿܡ
Դ쿭׵¾½̶֮֮ĸʵûôˣҴӳֵ˻㱨һЩе֪½̶ڸѧ˫ƺе˼
ΪֻĽԺ󣬲㳹׳ɹԳû˶½̶ߣһ߰бһ߻㱨Ϣ
ϵͳ֮ǰͳ½̶ںͿ֮ǰеľ飬Ҳ˵һ飬֮ǰԺǱ˺ܶࡣ
ͳ磬ֻҪ֤½̶ƽǿӾģֻҪǱߵ߼ƽͺá
½̶߿֮󣬾ͷϵ֪ҵбҵᣬڳҵʱȥ
Ҳ½̶Ϳ׵֮һദ㣬ͳ½̶׼˹ȥ
½̶ϻѣ׵ǹӣݵλͣ۶ҲŮڣϿʮ㣬ѧʵҲСˣϲ˰Ͼ°궼Ҫϴѧˡ
½̶ȻΪѣпﻤţǸΪ½̶ˣǸģ׵´Ūʪ½̶С·˵һεദ
ԳҪ֤ܷչ
۶еıҵµף³߿ѧϢͰʱ䣬½̶ҲʱĸװȵĽ̵£ѧϰ衣
ǰΪ岻ãҪǮҿ԰ȼ壬ܶ赸Ҳûа취ȥ½̶ھʱˡ
ҵһڵˣ½̶ͳƯƯСһ
˾ѧУ½̶ſڿǸĽ꣬ԷƺҲǸյ
һͷ¶ͷ׵ģú˧ĺܺãʮۣҲ½̶Ư˸Ưˡ
ͬ󺣰տ˫ƺһ˲׵ºָܿάǸ䵭ģƺǿŻ˽Ųڵ½̶
û飿
׵ɤе㲻ڣϾͷһҪһ˵飬ȴµʱԥ˺ܾã´үӡ
ûС
½̶ҡҡͷЩ޴룬Ͼǵһֵط֮ǰҹˣɹϵ΢õˣ飬תģƽʱֻרѧϰڵ۶ʶ˲Ǻܶ࣬ûϤΪĳ̶ȡ
ڿ֮󣬰֪ͨҪУ⻹Уڶԣʵе뵽˾֮󣬻Ǵͷ½̶룬ỹûҵ飬ֻμӱҵ񣬺Ͳȥˡ
Ҳû𣿡
½̶ſ׵£ؿʵ
ţûС
λشĵǸɴ࣬˫۾½̶ƺЩ档
ǡ½̶ڴ˵Ҫǡ
û˵˶֪ʲô˼
׵»ģ͵ıɽ˧磬ûжãſ⴦ʾ½̶ȥ˼
ſ׵µֱۣһѧУȥ
ſڲԶһɫͣںܶ೵ۡ
ȥǳǳЦ⣬Ȼ֮䣬ǺԵֺĬġ
ʵ͵ѧУſڣһֱڳţ½̶³֮Ŵӳװյӡ
Щͳ綼ˡ
ģʵҲǸСڵ½̶˼ҲһĿȻǷģ˴ϣһļʶоܸߡ                        

100

½̶Ϳ׵֮ľеĺ˳, 簲ŵԱûõǰϵͳڷչ, ԲϷ
֮Сļпһ, ʱǣֻǶ, ֮ʵĸѿʵе, ˺ܶࡣ
ΪʲôܿЩ, һΪѧ, ΪĿ˲ٵӰüйذģȻӰﶼǳ, ½̶Ϳ׵վһʱָоǴ˵ġ
һ棬Ϊͳһô, ֪ϲһʲôģҲ֪, һָо
ûи˵һۼʱָоʱԼȥȷ, һ˵һϲ϶Է
ȥˡ
½̶Ϳ׵һ˸·һĻ͹˼, ˵Ż˳˰ͷȻŴӺ³ص˼ʻλϡ
û³һֱں, ǰĺӾͳߣﶼЦ⡣

ʱ÷ɿ죬һգ۸߿ĳҲˣ·ӭ
½̶ϸʱͳѾ;ѧµ˵Ĵѧı˵ø죬ûôھʹˣʱվڽſڵʱ򣬶ЩȻȻˡ
ѧҡ
ĺ󿪿˵棬һͷ
áԹӦ˾䣬Ϳųת뿪
߸ݵһͦθߴĺõȫȥģأ㹻˧ʱЦֻĸо
ͷۣվڽſڿ
Ľѧ¥ǰЦ£ֲõЦüеգһЦǶѩںů⡣
֪ΪʲôЦĵͻȻһǵĸоҲģֻǺȻͳ磬ȻѾһôˡ
Ӵһ°ѧڵտѧ֪ʱ͹ȥһ࣬ʵҪһʱ䣬ٹ£ˡ
ÿȥҲ죬پˣҲǳǳЦ¡
ָָңʾȥԹת˽Һ뿪ȥսϵ
˴һʱĿγظĿγ̾û˽Ͽεʱֻֿܷ
ȥ֮󣬺ϤͬͬѧкһͰＸ˴Ĳʱ򻹻ȥһԷۻᣬÿ˽µľۻᶼԼȥģûд硣
ÿȥʱ򣬳ܲˬɵ׻ȥˣʱ򣬳綼ʵеϰ
ʼʱẦ³磬ɺ֣ôʵĸҲᶯ֣ôʱһֱ硣
鱾ֱ¼ƽʱٻ뵽Щɳʱֵ̫֣вҲֹˣÿαƼ֮ܵŻһ£ʾԼܲˡ
żˣܿϵĺۣʵе£ÿóôֻ
֮ͷ֣Ǵ˳磬ٲˬû֡
ǸƢȫͬףʵÿζ򣬻һߵһİƣҲóͣ
һʱʱ̲סץһףΪ̫۸ˣҲܺú壬ֻҪһ׾ͺá
һʱ˼ûйУҲĳ˵ܿͰá
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ϿΧֹͣ˽̸ʦ߽ң飬д±ʼǡ
ʹһʱּͬڵѾƯˣȻȲϳ磬Ҳ󷽣һֲϵдһйʹͿҲ뿴Ǽһֱ
սϵ֪ܶʶ;йأⷽȽ˽⣬ھѵĸ⣬ھְλܸߣСʱʵҲھԻһڲ˽⣬ƶȹ»ЩĵĬϹǺ׵ġ
ѧ֮󣬰֮ǰԼõģڽѧ¥ǰ
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Ͼ½̶ˣǶܺõľ˾ˣΪҪѱ˼˹յֵˣȻͳ粻һ㿭׵»Ƿֵġ
ڵʱͿڳҵһϣĿǺһЩ飬ڳ˵Ϊ˶½̶Ϳӻᡣ
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Ϊ벻ƺ½̶ֻЭССģԭӵһʸбѹͺ󼸺ԾԵŴЩ
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еģ˵ʱۿ㹻վﶼһ羰ߣߴ󲿷ֶǰϵġ
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ôŵĳûй¶κЦż½̶ĸ˱ȽϺóԵۻ
Լ֮ĸʵǺʹ󲿷˲ͬģԳƵǿȡһֻ࣬ΪҲϲ˶һ飬ϲĹңԸ޷ܾźһ
ϰʱܱһ棬ΪôǳҲʲôڴϳԵͷһ֮󣬳ҲϢ죬Ͳˡ
ʵͱˡѣֻͰѸȷ֤ˣʲô½̶ֺ˾ˣʶ;öԷȽС
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˳ܴĲռ䣬ˣҪ½̶Ϳ֡ԴͷϾ͸𣬺ӦþͲʲô顣
νĹǸС¹Ҳͬ½̶ˣҲҪĿֹһʶ
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Щ½̶˴ѧЩڲúˣǰô㡣

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ϽָʱûڳڷﻥԷϵĽָûôźΪ鱾ֻ˵飬˿Ŵָܲ˼뵽Щȥָϣʵͦõġ
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վģȺСǲ֪վӿˡ
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ڴУ˵ϲϲ硣
εĻشûκԥ³֪𰸣Ǽһ£ӵ뻳УȫЦ⣬ҲһĪĸоۿЩʪ

ڿ֡˺½̶һ죬ʱ֣ס˼ˤ½̶ûϷԵı֡˽סҲͶϾʶԴͷ
飬½̶ĶǸмжϲĸ磬ƯᣬҲܺá
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Ա߷ҪˤĿ֣Էû£ֿ΢΢ʾ⣬ȨǴ˸кʵǸѧģͲΪ˵Ρ
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