صС˵www.27txt.com ȥС˵
½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ


İ
ԪһʻҵʱԽһͥУһεļӣΪ˲Ϥ˵Ĳȥӡ

Ȼ֪ԼԽһеķɣ͸ıԭˡ

СŷԼһڻңþŮɹ·ϵ·ʯ

ŮԶԶģȥũĻᣬתȥɽ硣

ڻϻûļˣתͷͿǸķɾԼԣ

ݱǩ ־ ϵͳ   

ؼ֣ǣԪࡢС  ǣԤաڹŴүղ   

һ仰飺Ǵ 

1 뿪
Ԫడ˵ĻΪã㿴ҲʮˣָմУҵǸõָ꣬˸ܵܣǲҪҷݹٰ˼ңܵڸλãԺܵܳ˿϶ǵĺá
Ԫһˣſڵר־ժţŹ˶򷼷Ļҹͬ
򷼷ĻﻰⶼΪԪõĻӣʵĿľΪ˰ѹԪϳ˼ң⻰ĵû󴥶Ҫԭ϶ܲþ
Ԫһᣬ͵û򷼷Ļ ժŲˡ
Ԫ࣬˵û򷼷˵˻Ự˵ÿڸԪڨڨһЦ
šԪĲɵӦһ
򷼷Ԫȥˣһ£ֻҪԪܹӹ˼ҰȥǼ䷿Ϳӹ˲סǷиڣԺĿͲˡ
򷼷̵ţ¹Ԫתͽ¸ˣڶ䣬ȴԪժõˣȥˣֻòˡ
Ԫ࿴򷼷뿪ıӰһ Ȼ򷼷Ŵ̶Ӱ죬ⲢϲһֻӬΧԼת
ժõϴɾͷϣԪ촽ʵ򷼷Ļ˵Ҳûȷʵٴڹ˼ˡ
ԭ˼ûκѪԵϵ˸־ֻͽļ̸ֻϧĸ׼޽˼ûȥˣ̸Ȣ˼ĸӢһŮĽ̸࣬ĸ˼ãûǳ԰ʳĽʱ˼Ҳû˵лΪ̸ϥӣǼ̸Ψһá
μĸ˶ӹһжһˣһӣһûκѪԵϵļӣȻƫǸ̶ִĻԭĶУʢԭЩԼ
ԽΪԭЩ࣬ЩҲ͹ˣҲܷЩʵڹ˼ȷʵǸεĴڡ
Уҽʿҵ֤飬ʱȥ̸ҽԺԪǰԷʱ˸ΪʲôԾ²˵ΣԪʶزڹ˼˵ҰС
ԭԸʳϰ߽ȻͬҪڹ˼˵Ƥӵ¶ڵһ죬˸Ըھǣȥ㹤౱ũǱߵԺҲȱҽʿ
ҽҵǲİϾϱҲǸ˾ҽҽ˵ùȥǸ뿪˸ƤȥƤӵ£͸һһʲôż͵͵ȥɽ뿪ǼٻԭԸƫģɵĿҲСܶࡣ
뿪ӣûøô˵
ӡ־ҽԺԪվͷϷЦЦôأСʱ𶼲ѳ˵ĽѵĶϴ־ˣҽԺӿǿүûչˡ
šԪཫλÿŹ־æµıӰ뻹ʵ棬ұɽ磬͵ˡ
־˹ԪĻ˲ͽеĻ£üͷؿôȥɽأ¶࣬ǲ˵лأ˵ģ㵱ûͺá
ûУԼҪȥ꣬ܲһֱǵ°ɡԪҡҡͷ򷼷ĻӰ첻
־ҲʼĬԪǸжȷҪĥȥδҲ̫ЩȥȫӲĲܡ
ҶˡԪ־㲻˵ѵ
־Ĭã̾ϢҪðȥҪٻɾˣ㿴ҵĶȥ£Ĵλǿ캰ص˵࣬µҲû˲㡣
Ԫͷ϶˵Щﶼ
־Ԫ඼ãҲٶ˵ϾӴע˿еĲ˵ЦˣүҲڼųͷˣ¹ȥ
˵ǳȥ¹ʵϳ˳Է־㻹ŹԪȥ˹
ͬ־һףҪģҪġ־ŹԪվڹһ¥ۻԱ˵
õģйҵƱ𣿡ۻԱǿ
еģеġ־ӿ㶵ͳһСҵƱ
ҽԺҽÿ¶ʮԪĹʣҹ涨ְÿʮԪʷһŹҵȯһ¾ţӢǸڼּҵģһ²١
ԪЩɻ󣬡ôưˡ
ⲻҪȥ£ЩǸ׼ģ²Щɾˡְ٣ҵȯҲ٣˻಻ȫĶǾǵȯȥҲòˡ
ԪĬһ˵ﲻҴЩȥС
ĶǴɵģˣĺãˤ
Ź־ĻԪû˵ֻǽݶ
־ŹԪڹתתʲôůˮ´ɱëˢһѣʮԪƱŰݡ
ԪֵĶؼңŹ־߶߶Ļһů
򷼷־ԪһѶ֪ԪҪ뿪˼ˣ᷿ذԪʰ˳
ޱһôţҿ˵Ƕúܣ«έ޻ţǲöˣ˵
򷼷Ȼ㣬С˼࣬ôû˹Ԫ࣬Ԫʰ׵ģ·룬ưҲڷŵøɾ䣬ҪǿǵԪһ·ϴͽҵĲ۵Ʋס
һʰʰҹ򷼷չʾһ߶Ů˵սӲһʰһ߸Ԫഫνľ鵽ҹڼһˮûȡ
Ԫ࿴춼ɵƤˣҲûϸˮò
־ʧһϣϹԪߵʱ˹ԪһٿǮԼһЩ쵽˶һȫͨƱ
Ԫûп£ӵһ¹־˵ˣǵøС˵һȵҾ͸ԵĴǻ
֪ˣ߰ɣøϲϻ ־ĹԪļѹǧջʲôû˵ж־ķΪöӸ档
á˵ԪûŴС߳˼š
ֱֹԶ򷼷һߵű߿ŹԪıӰ߰˳ʳ㲻·ϳɶ
Ԫߵ̫Զˣû
ŹԪӰԶĹ־Թؿ򷼷һۣôó
򷼷һкԣ˵ſţⲻ
־㣬
ƤϣԪһڣȻ־֪ⶼǸԭǸģҪһ֪һƹ»Ұռӵ壬֪Ҫôʰ
ţоиԪɻر۾ǰֳһɫ塣
御һЩ롣
ǼʰȰȰȿϵͳǿģæͣãҽаȰȰȣܸΪ񣬱ϵͳһɴٳϵͳ
ȻȰȰȵԪģߴɣۣȰȰȡ
Ԫࣺ
лҪ˵ղأ΢ղ


2 
ֻˣ
Ԫüͷȫİװû˵
ȰȰȽһѺ󣬷ֹԪûһϵͳ棬һڵҮ˰װܷ룬ֻǼûеİأˣûɣȥ϶ñооƬ
ֻܹ㣬ɽеף
ȰȰգۿŹԪ࣬ȻԪܾȥũȥɽ硭
ˣڸϽ˻ƱȥũɡȻȰȰҲûܷ˵ʲôͽ޹
ܽеĹԪüûᣬߵװǰһĵҵ㣬ͻȻоʵжһ
ʶع飬Ԫ̧֣ȻһƱ滹дȫͨãһн
ǰɫİ壬ܽһƱ
Ԫ๴˹ǣȤ
ȰȰȲ˼ؿǰԪ෢İװ壬оƬĵͣҴܣˣװҲɵˡ
ԪཫƱպã׼ٱĿȥ̽̽Ǹİװ壬ͻȻͷһö
ͬ־鷳ҷŷ𣿡䣬˼˵ĹЩ޴룬߹ţڻϵˣûʩչĿռ䡣
Ԫ̧ۣȥӳǸʮ꣬ϹЦݣãһ˫۾Ц䣬λÿ۽޳һգ۾͸ˢһͣɨ
áԪҲûж룬׼ＴΪѵ˷
лл
Ԫֻûд䣬΢΢̧ͷл
˫һӡ
Ŀһͫ׷Ŵ
ͫ׵һٿʳڵܴ꣬һͨòͨɫɽװȴҲβסӢĿⲻԾؾͻһ˿ȱȥ
ϱӣ
ǱΪ㸣Ůķɡ
ҲʶѼ俴еĽܣ֪ϱӽֻйһ֮ԵҽԪħһڡ
ô
Ԫ̽ѰĿ⣬ȻƿĿ⣬סֱһŵһ
ͬ־ҲҰȥԪǴǳǳЦ⣬ӸµشΪӪûг߸ӵꡣ
໣áӦĵɿϵ֣ľګ£黹Щ͡
Ԫɵؽϣصλʱȴۡ
Ӷǿ̵ͫȻŴٵ֫崥ʱļҷӦԿԿԷںԼ
ӦԪಢİöಡҽԺҽʱҲẦ£һûҽҲȷʶλѣСİˣҲµ˵زʶ
ԪţȴûбֳɵؿųĻվ
ԪಢûעȻһղŵķӦ̫ˣ˵ᣬֻһ÷̬
һʵãͬ־ҽм
ԪĿȻûǱ߿ȴһֱ⣬кͦˣգԪࡣ
Ԫ֣ͷһȻ
ΪԼεüûбԪ࿴ⲻ֪ԼС˹ԪС
Ԫջ֣üɿˣΪͣڴ˼ĿĦһĦһ߶Ц
ǸЩȣҰҲòС
ղֵʱԼצֿ𣬽ߵʱȥú̧úţߵüûüϴ֣ԪȴɾղֵʱܲڹԪ¼ӡ
νΡ
ȻĸǺ£Ԫɲһʴȵǵһдǣи˲СĲԪЬӣԪתͽ˵ȴۣ˹Ԫֱ֣ۻס
Ԫ˳ĿŲƣֻԼɸɾֱϲ֪ʱ˼ӡӣüͷһš
ҽƽʱϸɾῴԼϵӡȻǲ̡
תһ룬ȥû׼ҽְҵ׷ֵ𣬻ôɾʱ롣
ڼͫУԪҲѧÿӲ֡
ӡûв־ͱ˹ȥ
·µģɲ̣ҸɾҵĲԡԴֺãһֻּһ·ס
Ȼܵ͹·ĳ̶ȣԪﲻûбøɾԽԽࡣ
쵽˲ӸżòУסˡ
ۡ
Ԫ࿴ԼڵԼź޲𳵹µûסЦһ
̲ס˲־ֺ¡
û£ȥϴϴԪ˵Žִ˫ůĺצг˳վȥϴҡ
ˮӹԪָ⻮˼һӾ
ȻǸмһʶԭ֮仹£ԼԭռϷ磬Բ⺢
ļûһ˿һϢ
ѵûȫĴ棿
ԪһҺôӹ˼ÿ죬ԭ䲻ģһ챻˷ֳԾһЩûе⣬ǲ͵ڲС
뵽ԪüĿٴһ
Ҳ֪ɺϻģɺϣ
Ԫһ䣬汻˷ԭܻܿʬ𼣣Ͼܻ˭
ϴɾգԪ򿪻ϴҵţȻӳһЦüͷ
ͬ־Բ𡣡ԪɫһϽк
šԪ࿴Ц֪ģһ˿ͷͷͳϴҡ
ϴҵţ˲ղſԪ˫öɱ˵ͫΪԼҪɥڻˣϣ㵽ϳǰɣɷǡ
صλϵĹԪ෢λˣһһŮ̬Ϊأһʶġ
ͬ־ãҽнïλҵͬѧѦ塣һһŮԪ£Ĵк
ԪࡣԪ˵ͷ
꼴Եҿͬ־Ҳȥ֪İɡïЦʵ
š
һ·Ǿˣ֪ͬ־ȥĶҸѦͬ־ãֵϳǣ̫Զïһʣһ߽Լ˵ûסԹ䡣
ѦԲͣصͷͣɲǣϳֶó棬Ҳ̫ˡ
˵Ż𳵾ԪֻǾš
óïе˵ʱһֱռЩƿǸͣ͵ѦԶнïе㰮Ľ֮顣
ïѦ²꣬תͷԪ࣬һʵͬ־أȥ
ϴֻļ⻰ͣ·汣ӣǧҪϳǡ
ϳǡԪѿڶ




3 
Ԫ˵̧꣬ɫ԰׵վѦλԣͶȥѯʵĿ⡣
ɣҲȥϳǵġԪעţֻӲͷƤص
Ӧȥ౱ũ
ɻȴѯʣæصԼλϣΣ
Ԫഹ˼
ãϳǻ֮ҲиӦʲôҪģλͬ־ܿڣΪҵĸï֪˶ȥϳǣ̼ﻰⶼ͸¶һҪͷķ
ϧڳˣֻѦ帽
ԪνڼҪԪȥϳǵĿ־С
±˵ĳٴѹ
ϱֻʮ꣬ûüúÿֻǴǱеֻֽƬе֪η
ػһһ㶼ٲǱֻԶԶģúûţϰʮһкķ㹻ˡ
Ԫĳ֣˲񶯵֪ԪǲҲһǾôѲϱӵˡ
ԪƽţԱߵʱʱԼۣҲɽһ㣬ϰ£嶼ڸ߶Ƚ֮УȲ
ණʵǱòͷʵ
ûСĿջأ׿ŵϺĲЬ
λʶïΣղŴһͨϣ˵Ŀϣû
ԪɣҲԭϲʶΪ˱ҡҡͷ
ʶҲŻص
ïЩ΢ŭǵϹ
ѦïЩģæΧλͬ־֪ѧѧУѧӼϯ˵һԾŶģɷġ
Ѧ彫Լġ¼˵ï̲סͦͦš
ŶԪֻѧôˣϯôˣҲֵó˵
šҲֻǸ͵ص˵ͷ˼ȴʡ
ӭĿĿĽï
ïͬ־λͬ־Ͳ󣬻ûϹСѦҲе㲻ˣˣֻǵάŽï
ղŵ飬ϵ˲䵽㣬γӪһ˱տڲԣĿбӣһͷӶ˽
ʱܿɱʱ䣬ԪӺܲءࡱһ𣬽ߵʱ򣬻ûг緹
ͶĿ⣬δԪӦִٶЦЦǸߵôæǿЦˡ
˵ŴӹϵбóһٻС˲Ԫ࣬һݳ
Ԫ࿴ǰĿôĺһãŪкĿġ
ղŹͬ־ҷһûелҲûʲôöͬ־ԸԪһۣͻæĿ
Ԫ弾·еȷЩûпĽӹʱߵôæû׼ʳӾȥϳǵĻ𳵣Ҫҹ
ûʳģζ춼öӡ
Ԫ࣬
Ҵ˺ܶǹͬ־ҿڡ۹ԪҲ֪˴·ϸƽ⿪ڡ
Ǹı䲻ˣǾͲ籧ȣԪǷɣô˽֣÷ɴȣ벻õıŪ
Ԫ಻֪һ磬˷ḻĻĵһůϵллл
ĺ΢΢һɣЦ䣬ҵĺһԺҵĺԡ
ʱïͽóԺ־شӱȡһУ򿪺иǣһо»Ƴ滹żƬ⣬͹͹ģȱεʵʿˮ
Χζʿˮïĵ֮ٴΰθ弶ſβ͵żĿȸ
Ѧ۳ݣѧѧʺãҲǼãǼҶǳ϶û¶ٵģѧǿԸ⡣
ܹ޸ѧͺˡ
ѦãïΪ԰ԼǺܴ󷽵ĵݸѦһͷѦͬѧĻһ԰ɡ
ллѧѦϲӹͷڼ͹Ԫǰףǲͽѧֻпк˰ɡ
ԪԽïķ˲мһˣҲʿˮ
ý£ҧһŴĺ
𣡡
Ԫ۾ԵúǿģŰƴҲԣȴŴɱǾ»ƳóԶˡ
Ԫཫȫ¶ǣһؽؿҲЩƽ̹Сǡ
ǶǹԣΪСûµġ
꣬ԪӶҳһ˵Ƥ绹û洦ɼͰϴЯһװֽ˻ȥв⡣
Ҫͷ׷ϲӡ
гԱСƳ˼˵Ļߺţߺȱ߻վƱÿ
ߺ̲סˮͳڸǰ۲ýȴûһǮ
Ԫһϲԭ򷹵ѽ±Խˡ
Ԫ࣬ͬ־׷Ǯһݡ
ͷǮһ׷һһëǮز˼һëëϲëһҪƱгԱЦ˵ţϵȴһ
Ҳ̫ˣһײë֣ҲǮһһë˷֣һӷӲ˲Ŷٵ㶫
ŻЩĶˣ˲ʹ˼
׷һ˰ɡԪղʿˮľٶӶͳһǮ
ҺõëǮ÷ڶԪһ׷ǰһ԰ɡ
ϵķˣҺͣطڣ˵ϵĶȻ󣬵ڲҪƱҲ㣬յ磬䲻ԪĻ˶סˡ
ҳԺԷԪཫӵݸǸϲռ˱˵ģôңҾô㡣
ԡԪߴţʱûпͺУгϵķжõӣԷгԱʰӡ
ŶҾܾӹ̵ĳ
Ԫֻ׷⣬Ĳ˼飬ĺ顣
Ѧ忴һĻͻȻЩеͷʱͲˡ
ïΧĿⶼԪȥø˸ѦҪȥĿӣԶˣ⣿
ѦίͰ͵ģͳһ⣬˼ҹԪǸ˼ü⣡
սľһͣ˼ضԹԪ˵ҳԲˣܲܽʣװڷݿˮһ͡
ԪղëǮ˷ݷѾעĿˣ͹ڸߵҲͣ˳Էľٶ
վϼҳװʣгԱջز̡
һٶԪ͸ܵöĿʧˣ⻬ĲĿһ֡
лҪ˵ࣺӽĿģ
Ŭôйȩd(????)?~
ղۣÿ쿴ղ߻жµģͷ


4 ׽
ϣݸԪëǮͬ־ҵķǮҼﲢԣֻܡֻܸһ롣
ԺǮٸ㲹롣
Ȼþã仰ôҲŲڡ
ȻѾͶ˹Ԫ࣬ǮӦŶԡ
ҲԣũҲֻʮǮԪһٷҪëǮȥûأϵǮûˡ
ֻܰԼķǮϣȵǮʱԪʽһ٣ҲչֳԼͶĳ⡣
Ԫüͷһš㲻⺢Ӻ«ʲôҩԷ˫峺۾ϣӾԵʮ⡣
Ԫû˷ֻý£Ǯš
Ц𣬸ûѹԪĻϣǮζŽˣ·ܹɿ
Ѧ岻˼ؿĻûղȥͷ
ŹԪǹӴ󷽾ϾԪ೤úÿϳ͵͵˺üۡ
뽯ѧȻѡվڹԪߡ
Ȼǹ˼˲䱻û˵˳ԷҪ˸Ǯġ
ǰϹź
Ѧ۵׵ıĸպ뽯ïУһϲΪԪղŲǴĸѦ˿⡣
Ѧάû಻ѽïöҪˡ
Ϊһô
ԪѦЩΥĵĲʺƨסҪ۵ĳ嶯Ա۾۲Ϊ
˰ֽȥˮݺʣ
Ԫ򿪷Уһе䷹лмڰµĺתͷȥķУյĳ䷹ʲôҲûУӭ滹һŶЦüЦ
ԪһʱҲ˵Ǹʲôܡ
ǾЩ£Щ޼ƿʩ
䵭㣬԰Ҫʱ򣬶ɱ֡
͸¶飬ûа취Ҳûа취ܾ
䷹ˮݵ÷ǣȲӲֲ䣬źʵùԪ˸߷ֱ
극𳵿վͣʮӣ˲ˣռһ¿տ١
һĹԪЩʹӣٻصλʱȴѾλ˯㡣
ɵӰһ춼û۰ɡ
Ԫ뻹ܡ
ӽҾΪĿء
Ԫ෸ѣ켾̬ȺԾֺ
ֺʲôôϱӻпܣⱲֻǸͨҽļӣûǮûȨ
ԪͷԣλռҲա
ҵһű˷ıֽλԣŻ𳵷
Ѧ˯༫Ϊѣλ̫Ӳռ̫С˯ãѡ
ٴ۵ˣ˯𣬹Ԫڵ£Ľ֮ɫҪʡ
ѧ˵ΪֵĻظŮǲܾģѦϣתͷȥƽï
һű˯
ǿ˻ᣬʵڰסˣ˸Ƿ˯˹ȥ
Ѧ˯죬ïҲ˯˵Ĳתѣ˯ļҲĽѡ
üͷҪռԼλѦƣһ䣬ҶûλˣҲ֪ѧѧ˼ңøʲôģϹҰһƬ⡣
Ѧ˯ûïĻԪȴ
ҹ٣Ҳֻʣ´˷ĺʹ
ԪèļûҪѵļ󣬱۾
ʶװǰŰһ顣
ô㣬ûκα仯ʵҲûٶ
Ԫ࿪ʼ˼ѵֻдﵽضߵصн
ԣǽԪǿҵĸоĲ²ûд
հڻϵʱǸضĵص¼
ô뿪˼ңϣһĳǹؼ
ؼжӦĽ
ԪͨЦһ˿Ҳѡ
˳ʶȰȰض˶ܾһɲԤҪ
ϵͳ档
һִվżŮɣһƱ


ȰȰȾþòƽװףȥ£ʣô졣
װɻӣһ
ȰȰƵò˵ˣʷһ
ȻǸװԼкĿģԪ֪ûеڱ¡
ƾճֵƱҲʲô,Ԫҡҡͷ,պƱ̧ͷ𳵴ǿգģǸö㣬ǻ㲻
ҹ˼ԪڵϣòˤСϣµģˡͬ־
šԪӦһֵҶˡ
Ͼͳ߷ֱڳʱ򣬾ǵ㷹ˡ
ڴӿóݵԪС
ԪλѵļЦıꡣ
˿ؼʱǺʹԺö౸ŵ㡣
˺˵Ĺϵ׽ˣԪտʼķżͨ۲ȷʵ֪Լоӵ£Ҳ
ǲ֪ΪΣ⺢ʱʱͻһҲԡ
˵Ҳ֣ÿ̵ģƵģǼһͳһ
*
ϳʡǹµĸ߲ӣҹӶӳˮ˼ҵú͵ƻš
˵Ļ
ˮϱСϰ飬ԹߵûõģȥũŪˣǼԺô졣
ˮһʵҲݣӳ˵˵ҵȥơ
СƲƲ죬⻹࣬ҪǵʱҾȥ֡
ˮ˰ڰ֣ӳǿ𳤴ģο϶ᲹڳǣһǴҪĸ
СţɶҪĸ!һǴӼȮĸˡ
ˮҲɲǣؼδӳ˵ҪǶϣ˵˵һ
ˮ˵Լ˵ȥˡ
ӳ֪ǹҰŵģҲϳʡ̫ƫһͰĸ֪࣬Ҳûʲô
ɳ޶ǽߵģϳֲԣģԵ˿ࡣ
ǹ֪뾡һа취سǣһתȥˣʣһŮ֪ࡣ
߲Ҳ˼Ůһ˸ɻͰȥ飬һȥֳЦ
Сûȥ׷β˵ܾҲ˵ͬ⣬ǵùС໥˺üμܡ
θִˣѾŶӶӳҵСӸУ¹粻ˣŷҪߣũġ
ˣˣĸⲻأһΣǻҪҪˡ
ˮˣӳȥˣ˳֪ӻ
Сֽкã˺ãöЩСҪҪģ֪࣬ǶӾҪ֪࣬û
ˮӦ֪ˡ



5 Ů
𳵣ڵִϳǡ
»ʱԪ嶼ɢһϢ
ŵȵ˵طϴ裬ϢһԲ!
ȻûȹԪ࿪ļ룬ӭ洵һ磬׽ԪĵĻȸһ˿ʣ
ټĻվٵÿֻڵȻ𳵣뾩˼˵Ļ𱬳γԱȡ
Ԫϵϳûа취ǶԱȣҲڻֵزɡ
ۻոµĻ𳵹Ԫ໳Ǹ޵ĻվûҲпԭ飬粽˻վ
һɵۡ
վ⣬ûеֽСҲûɫҴҵˣеֻһ׿ˮ·
·ӲݣĿˮ·չȥ·ͷȫ͵֣̲ɽ
һ˼ɾ
Ԫһͷ֪ģֲεģɫٺÿʲôá
ѦͽïҲͬ𾪡
Ψɫ糣
Ԫ棬֪
ͷϷˣСʱһΣʱڻҪˮ·ûС
˵ţԪ۽Ƴһݵ峯
岻ʮģеģ²һ˫Ьһϴøɾĺɫɽװųڱɹ̫µȥʮʵ
߽Ԫſεüͷʵʼλͬ־ǴӾ֪𣿡
ǵġ
գϳһĨɣҪӵˣúÿù˰
Цǰǵģ
Цݵˮһ㶣ȻЦǰǵȼ˰ɡ
Цòã˵ЦˣǸ»𳵾壬֤һڵǣȼ˲Ŷԡ
Ļˮͷһůڰ֣ûû£Ҳûȶá
ѦͽïӣҲЦΧԴк
ˮѦ϶ͣһ룬˿εŮȻҲƯôҪѷɫ٣԰ˡ
һɣվˣҵţͣԱߣǰ
ԪһԿȥһţڲԶŴСţȥ
һͼţԱϢػվŸŮˣһ
˭
û꣬ԪһܽниͣŪ̲סҪ˦
ע⣬ע⣬ע⣬Ůڨ
ȰȰڿһ̣ʹҲҪùԪע⵽ǽӽŮĴûᰡֻҪŮԣǾԴԴϵ񰡣
ԪüеǸװһ򰲾˼붼ǰŮйء
ǣûжƾниͣ
ѦԪһԪһŮӶԳ֣׷Ůӿȥ
ïڿεĵһۣ۾һͣһˡ
ѦڿʱҲеԲλ࣬ͬŮˣ˵İ͹£ȴƤˮȴƴֲڡ
һͷںĺڷһǰۡ
ѦԼһͷݻɵĶ̷̥ܡ
Ψɫ԰ף亹ֹֽű·ȫѪҺһ㣬ŵһ
ڱп⸱ģǿ˿ɵˣԪƳ΢΢졣
ˮЦŽܣǶӵ֪ͬ־ڱ죬Ǵ⽱ȥ౱ũֻҪǺúñ֣Ҳġ
ˮ˵֮ҪѹԪǼúǧѧΣзģֵôӶֶ
ԪЦС͵ͺá
ïˣͬ־ͬ־ôС͵ˣǲԵģøͬ־Ǹ
ԪüҲû˵С͵ϸߣ˾۸
ͷС͵ҪС͵УЩòĵöί
ïһʱᣬڻԪҲô˵ΪǸģû뵽ᵹ˵ˣͬ־ǰ
ͬ־϶С͵ģС͵ôƯģͬ־Ȼ˾͸õǸ
ïԽ˵Խûʡ
Ԫˣ˵ЩƵϲһЩ͵£ԳԽǺÿԽΣգǶĢһ
Ԫ˵껹˾䣬ͬ־˵԰ɡ
Σ
θտԪһ۵ʱҲһ£ûô˧ˣøжϧûάּ룬ǰ˾ͳɹ
ǰϹһ㶼컬졣
ݺݵص۶µĽïŹԪ෴ʵ˵Լô
˵ǶĢҲǣ
ԪЦһ䣬԰
ҭ˵
ˮ˼̣Բͬ־Ʊ˰ɣҾͲˣҵøϽ⼸ͬ־ӣȻҲ˶ϡ
ˮڴԲ˵ڸˣɫһӾˣ˦־ߡ
˴үү
ԪˣƳ۽ָļԴӳ˹˼˶͸¶һӲԾ
һߣȰȰȳ׾ˣܳɹĽ鳹׷ת˸ʮȵĴת䣬ϵͳھ黹ûʼ֮ǰͳݣҲû֮ء
ƫƫжֻܵž鳹׽󣬻ȥ֮о
ȰȰ뵽Թ̾һϧɣԺÿһ죬һ
ڵţϣïڲͣˮ˴εʵˮ˶ˡ
⣬ĸǴӵ÷ֿһҪҲҪ
ïʵͬ־ǰǸӴġ
һӡ
ï˲ãҲȥһӡ
ѦҲ˵Ҳȥһӡ
ȻѧԴӼ֮һͬ־һͬ־ôܺѧԡ
ڹԪͼһ̫٣һ̫ĿǷΧڡ
ͽ˶Щ¡
һ꣬Ԫͼҧҧ´ԵЩί
ûͶߣԪ౧ǸЦЦ
ŵö£һƨɵţϣÿû˵ҲȥһӵĻ
Ԫ࣬ôô
˸߲ӣˮȥһӽѦͽï£ָţŹԪͼӸ׼ӡ
ˮЦǺ˵ʰɾˣһȥţЩʱҼӸ͵ʳ
ˮ˵ǣţ˼ңСǰʵ֪಻
ˮ˵˵ͷ鲻ߣе䡣
С⣬ɶˡ
ˮǿЦЦ֪඼ðװ۵ģһû¹صģֶ顭
û˵꣬СͲΪû£ֲᣬ粻ģȵ죬ӹǾˡ
ˮܣ˵Ҳ˵˵ǳ̫ã´ĹǶס
С
лҪ˵ҲҪȥһӣҲҪŽѧ
һ۹ȥ
ȥ˲ȥˡ
ŮҲܾ͸˵ûô򵥣
ȰȰҲûô


6 ͬ
վˮ˸ǷԺԪŽҪסüķӡ
߷һһңһ﷿տյģľܴʲôûˡ
Ԫ࣬
ѾδκλˣҲ鵽ʲôһƶϴ
˳ƣΣյĳɲţһڹûУɡ
⿪ԼƲŵһСԱĳߴ磬̫С
ʻһԵļа취𣿡
̽ͷȥߵ﷿Ų¡
ʱͰһ˵ĶԹԪЦòãҵһ¯ӣӦá
˿̼Ϻͷմ˲ٻҳԳЦǿڰ˫۾
һʱ䣬ԪྐྵмִۣĿŲƿ䵽Ǹ˿״¯ϣŪŪҴˮЩˮҲϴ衣
áͷͽ¯Ӹ˳ȥ
ԪҲû⣬¹
ʱŷֹ־ȼ֮жҪǹ־׼Щư裬治֪ôȥ
ϧ׵
Ԫһȡ죬һ̾
ϱڹʴңĸ׼ƺΪ糾ŮӣĻﱻģͲ˭
ȻҲǶСʱ򣬳ֿ࣬ػһǳԣﻹķ档
¯ԺһȦûҵˮʹԪ࣬̾ϢĻɫһףæ˳š
ظĴǿҪ˵Ķħ׵£֪
ǵ˵ԪǼţũµһû֪Ǹӣǲ֪ɡ
գ㵱ȥ
ԪѡߵһżӴЩ͵Ķͷ±죬űʱ·һũȥ
˵ҲɣԪ̤Ժţ¹ʹˣæµ˶ʱݿһӿ˳
迪һҿųͷ˵ЦĻصңԶԶͿſվһһոɽװĿСӡ
һ˶סˣ㿴ҿ㣬˭ʶ
ԪǰЦʣ壬⻧˼𣿡
ǻԲͨ迪һҶ㶣ðŷӦø߲ӵķԻصǰҼ
Ԫ˰ǾҼңˣָָԱ߶ѵһ˸ߵĵݶ˵壬ǽ֪࣬ʲôûУ㵾ݻȥ̴𣿡
·ˮ˸Ǽ򵥿չڹһжǼģһݣ˶ûоȨģԴ˿˵
迪ϸתͷԼҺȥݣԼ֣ⶫɲҵģǴӵģܸǮǮͶѣҪȥþǣͷӳ˵һ
ղ迪˵ɴ£˵һͨԪһ䶼û
ѽ迪ּ³ͷָȻ˸ǮĶҡҡ֡
Ԫˣԭ˵ҪǮ
ŴҺӵݹһݣԪлԼԺӡ
ڼӴϵٷڱ죬ô˯ʱ㣬ʣһ룬˳Ҳϡ
괲Ԫŷֺղųŵʱ򣬾ûˣֹһ֣ȥĶˡ
Сڼﻮ˵㶫װſ˹ԪСԺ
ʮԺ⺰λ֪඼ڼ𣿡
Ԫ粽ţһ鲼Ա뺷ĸŮվſڣס
СܹԪôģڼҲܻ䣬ԺУڹԪǰ
ֵ˵֪ʱûʳҼͷҸǴʳŶˮˣϰ飬ҽкСﶼС
Сˮ˵ĶͨȻһ㷽ԣҪû⡣
Ԫͺ棬Ϊʲôˮ嶼˵ͨ˻˵ԡ
Сû뵽Ԫ಻ʳ˵ˣǰ֪࣬ԲͨⲻѧСأҲѧˡ
СǸˬӣ˵һͨ󣬷ִͷβ͹Ԫһʵһأҹ˳ʻȱɶ
˵껹ԹԪ಻˼һЦȻҲʨӴ󿪿ڣ±ȲóɶУͽǵʳǴӼõģֿýȥܶ
Ԫ࿴˿ʲôûеļң˵鷳ٸһ״ɨĹ߾С
СˬһУء
Լ취
Ԫ಻ǲҪĶǿǰ˵Ĵ뵽˴ǲ򲹶ͲǷ顣
Сһ´Ԫ
ӵ֪ÿﶼҪҪǸ֣ԪɶҲҪû
ŴӺӱϴɾ¯ӻСһá

СͷŰϹõЦݣٱһУʱĻŭ
˭ϲֿĺӡ
¯ӣСϸˣҿˣﻹûʰãҲˮԺлһȺˮ
Сһ͸ˣؼҵ·϶΢Ц
ߺСԪ٩һ䣬벻㻹ͦ˵ģϵʱôģ
հЦԪ˲һ飬Ͱ͵ǶӳϱҸղںӱ˵ˡ˵˰ͽãԺܹɵ㡣
Ԫһ͸èϻһ˵òУһղź˵ȥĶţ˵ǳ˵֣ôң
˶ȣԪһ˵̧ͷͦոĿбӣһû㰡
Ԫ࣬Ϲ
˾ڳΧʯͷάƽĻ¯ˮ
Сʳ˼Ž쵱͡
ԪŻ⣬ë廹ǻҵĻʳѣôôǮ
еµĽӹ֪ŷӦһԪûȥũβǲζһԪͲΪòθ
ҲͬʱζøԪСܣ
ŻЩģ۱ҫøĲգʿˮŵʵˡͬ־ͬ־ô
ԪŲ֦¯ţһʣüͷʣҲϲ
ҡҡͷôܣôܻϲأϱӾΪ˵˼仰ڻҵȥ͸͸ԲÿкܶػҲ˵ǶģûǺõģôϲ


7 ѧϰ
Ƴۼҡø˹һͷԪ赭д˵ΣգԺŮԶ㡣
ԶԹԪĻһ
Ҫ֪ϱӹԪǶѴһת֮죬Ӧ
Ԫ಻ľȣһ¯һ߼˵ھǼбͷҪں𣿡
⣬Ǽҡͷ
ԪЦǲͶˣڴҶȱΣͷ﷢ƣסڱȾǻϰٱϳǣͲôģ
󼹹һԪֻǳļһϸ΢ط֮ࡣ
Ԫڻϴ죬
Ԫûпɷ׵ɫ˵ϵ·Ƥȵȶ⡣
ÿһ֣ͷһ£֪䣬¯ϵˮˡ
æȥůˮ
żĶӵıӰԪ̲סЦ
ϴ󣬼ڴϣӱһ㳹ҹߡ
ʱҲйģԼƾʲôǸڻңϱӾôˡ
ҪȥǿҵҪҲһϱܹĿࡣ
Ǹ֮أ
侲һѾүϱӶĲƽѾ
춼ĻᣬϸŴȥǸҪ
ݽȥũĻᣬǲΣٺǱκһ
ĸı䣬һжһˡ
ԪûȥũҲûڻһйǰδ¡
һһж뼾ԭĲһھ޴Ŀ־УȷԼѡ񾿾ǶǴҲ֪Щı᲻޴Σա
Ԫ౻ȥЩ˯ţǸ뿪Ҳϰߣ˯ߴ
氲һ̡
ٿиϸСܿ־壬ѹ֣޴룬ô졣
Ԫڰۣ˵һǻѡţúõĻţñκ˶á
𣿡
ֹС΢ţƽû졣
ԪഽǸ¶һĨ΢Цִһʶ롣
װǰһο롣
һִվŮżɣһƱʮԪǮ
ȡΣȡϿɣδɣ
Ԫ룬ߵװǰһͨоʵֶһûѣʶռﷴ
ǰɣҲ񡣡ȰȰȿϵʾ˼ĺ
Ϥٴ𣬹Ԫ
˰װ壬Ӧûһ˵Ĵڡ
ֻ֪ʲô֮Բͨ˳
Ԫָ򢣬˼Ƭ̡
Ȼ۾һ˳ʶռ䣬װĽַһߣתץסһ·ʶ
ȻʶռҲͬһ·ʵ·ĸ壬Ϊоʵ·Ĵڡ
ʶٴ˳Ԫ࿪ʼڷԼ
ȰȰȿŹԪĺǲ⣬ʲô
ܿԪڼԣһ飬ץУʶ롣
Ȼ鱾У˷һ飬⡣
ָָװָָ鱾˸Ķ
ȰȰȵ۾ɴˣأһֻƶĴ۷ڹԪǰ
ԪЦˣָָ鱾Ȼݸ
ң
ȰȰָԼʵ
Ԫ˵ͷ
ȰȰȽ鱾ҲһЩ壬ɻˣҪʲô
Ԫֻ۷俴ˣĵ˵ͷȻԲͨǾѧϰ˵ܣŲ
Ԫ˵ȰȰҲ׹ԪЦݣ˲ס
Ȼѧϰ֣
⡭ðȰȰȼֱܽܡ
òѧϰȻԶûиͨһ졣
Ԫ಻֪ȰȰѾ¶ѧϰˣ˳ʶһѼװҵһ΢ɲϸߴݺݵرȻһĶȻָָ鱾
˼Ǹǰ۷䣬㲻úѧϰͽˡ
ȰȰֻ۶ŰˣǸ߿ǵȥװͳȻʲôʱҵģ֪ٲѧϰǾˡ
ƨһؿʼ飬߷߿Ԫɫ
ԪŬɰĴԴ˳ʶ˯С
ȰȰʶͨﵩĿʼѧϰ
ڶһ磬ԪǱϹѵġ
æϴˮ˾ͳǵСԺ
ЦŶǴкСӣϢˣ
Ԫ˵ͷ
ˮóֱЦе˵ϢˣͿʼϹɣǸҲøǷ̫صĻɵģ㿴Ǹ
һȥСڶѮˣøϽڳС󡢻ˡͲˣڶȥںǿԸǸ
Ԫûмѡ񣬶ʵӳôġ
ˮЦǺ˵ԱȽһ֣ںˣһߵʮ֣忴ɵ
Ԫ˵ȥںɡ
˳Ԫʮָմˮ֣廰ȥɣҸСҾúҵúġ
˶ŸػˮЦøˣүźû뵽֪ȴǺ˵úܡ
ˮ̧ѹˣ˶ȥںⲥֵĻôĸȥɡ
ˮ˸Ƿĳͷأ˲ͱӵΧˡ
Ԫඥżٺ˵Ŀ⣬ųͷأһ¤ʼ˹
һͷȥˣںĺһͷڳɺü꣬ǼԪ쵽˲Ӹ
εǣܻӵעš
һЦֲ֧
Ԫһ۹ȥ˲ססʾԼûзЦ
ؼʱǺСһɤӣʲôһҪ˲ǡ
˲ƹԪ࣬ԵͷԼȥˣǻʱʱԪġ
СˣԪǰĳͷοһθɻûɺɶ˵ģЩƤŶأ㲻㡣
С˵Ľ̵ԪʱԪյţһͷȥܹźĺ
ųͷıĥۣһ̯֣ĥƤˡ
Ԫͣ¶׼Ъٸɣʱи˴Զɿܽﻹغţ
ˣˣ迪ҵСɽϿɽˤϲŸľͷ˺ööѪӳȥɡ
ղŻ˲仩Ȼ߲ӵˣ˶裬ݰݵģһ˳£ͷĻȥˡ
СҲ⣬Ҳ˲ý̹Ԫںܵñӻ졣
лҪ˵ϱӵҲû׷ŮǱĹҵ¹ͷ


8 
Ԫ˶߹⣬ûгɵҲȥ
ӵɽ£˿Ѿ˼˵ΧţŵŅ̀Ѫˣ㶼ɫס
迪һҴ˿ΧűѪ˿ȵʹ飬ȫɫ߿һɰÿ˵ͷ˲
ˮһƿǰˣŭһʲôޣȥϵҸҽƣ޾ܾˣ
ŶŶŶ
ʱȺм˷Ӧ˰һȿ񱼶ȥܵ·˻ԭϢһ˴ˡ
Ϥİ״ӣǳһҽھͺá
߽һƣʲôҽȴʿղŻˣʱãȻ
ˮ˼æʵҽأܴ¡
ʿҲ󣬴սŵһƣϻŸľͷѪͣðɫһס
һʿܳƵ򶨣æػҽǰ챻ϵ˸ˣ˵ʱ壬ʹҾˣʣ
ˮһ˫ŭ죬ѣݺݵԵŭһյĶ
Ҳ֪ҽǸ˶ǰˡ
䣬ʿˮһ
迪˿ϥһλʿǰݺᣬλҽȾҶɣʮ꣬þ
Ҳ̲סڣλҽкãһᣬǲˣ迪°ô
ʿ˫ǵͨ죬Ͱ͵ǲȣʵûӾȣԺнȥģƽʱ͸ȡҩҪӵĻġ
ʿĻ迪һҡҡ׹ҾһӣҪôȥˣ°뱲ӻŻʲô˼
ˮɫҲһһҧҧص˵ȻӵУ̧˽ǣ϶С
ʿæסаӳһˣʧѪ࣬Ӹ߲ӵ϶ʮ·ţҪüСʱɽ·ͣţ϶У̧̧ϻ
ˮ˱ʿŪ÷겻ѣҲУҲУ˵˵İ취
ʿԣ˰ûбһ
ʱԪͼҲһ־ʮʮ
µˣԪ໹ʶݵһˣڵϵǵݸǸꡣ
Ԫ꣬ǰߵ˿ڣַ˷ƤӺ촽ûйߣֻʹԭʼѹ㡣
ǰǱѪߺڵ˿ڣԼŵѪζֻתµߵ·һ̾Ҫιȥ
Ѫ
ڹԪ߼ʱסȻһ¾Ҫǰιȥ
ˮƳˣֻ˽ǲ£ʲôʱңæֻ˻ӣ첻ϹˣǻȥЪŰɡ
Ԫ౻ҲգѪļˮ˵ӳа취ˡ
ԪĻһڣӵԲŵһʿ˵ûа취ƾһӳ֪а취
㣿ˮҲЩţԪŶ󰡣ôĺ鶼ûж꣬ܿº˵ˣ
˵ĲϿɣԪδţͷ϶רѧҽʿҵ֤黹ڼţӳҪǲţھͿȥãҵĵҲһҽŶӳӦǿҽŵġ
Ԫһѣˮ˲ԪĽϵĵȷȷдżҸ־ҽԺҽ
ڹԪ྿ǲҽʿҵҲ˲ֻ࣬ٴ׷ʵ㵱ܾȣ
Ԫܾ࣬ȣֻʧѪʶѣֻҪ˿ֹסѪܾȵģ˿ڻѪֹѪС
Ԫ˵ü򵥣Ϊܹ
ܾˮҲ˲࣬ݺݵҧҧУҾͰһСȲȻǷһ
ԪҡҡѪļʵ𣬻ȥȡһҽ䡣
ԪĻ˲伤飬ҽ䣿
ˣˣħɱҽ䣬˵ҽ䱸ŸָɱεĶҩֽܹʬ
ɫɷףԪŵ΢Ҳ֪ڲǺµʱ򣬾Ҫ
ͷԷ飬ȴܻСԺ֣ҳԪҽ䣬һƵܻ
Ԫҽһ͵Ԫ͸һ˸򵥵ֹѪʩֻǻ׽ϵľͷȡ
Ԫʿ֣˵һͨҪ׼Ķٶˮ˵鷳ӳ׼һɾӰɡ
һԸȥӵ˶жܿһ׸ɾҾˡ
ΪҪѪԪɼһһѪҺҽҳƿABѪѪ͡
֪һABѪ͵ʱԪһ鷳ˣҳͲԥԼĸ첲400mlѪ
㡭
ѪһҪεĳ嶯ǿŲʣɻŹԪࡣ
Ԫɫе԰ףû£ҲABѪͣǿ׳Ѫʲôҽҵıְ
Ҫ˳ѪֵѪҪͣ˷ʱ䣬ˣ첻ϴ裬ûӪѪ൱ڳǵ
ԪֹѪŻʿİ״ӣϿ֡ͷ֡ףʼһȡڴϵľͷ
ľͷͬڱһã˿ͻľмȾ˵ᵼ˿ڷãߵĻָ
ʱûи߿ƼԼ˿ڣһжҪԪȥ۲죬עԽУͷϵĺˮԽࡣ
ʿˣﶮʱĵǼǿѪĳ嶯Ŭר־Ԫˮ۾ŹԪͷգգ¿Ԫ˿ڡ
ˮ˱ԼĺͲڵϣĬ
ӵΧضж㷲
ĻŻŵʵ˿ҽ޲ߣһСУͲ£
ˮҲûף˶ֳܹ񾯸ʻһһĪ˵˼Ӷ˵ˣǾҽԺҽԼǸѧҽģǼԨԴ
ȫҡͷ
ˮ°ͼ˵ԨԴͺñȣѧҽģҲѧҽģ᲻ὫⱾ´ڸӣ
ˣ˵ǿ϶ҪӰ
ˮˣǲͶˣС̥ͿʼѧҽˣǴӾģ϶ҽҽãİɡ
һҶ˵ı飬
ˮϰС֮ԱǣҪͷаջͲʲôּĵʱͽˣֻÿÿ£ŻᱧŴͲİ
˲֪˻ͷںء
лҪ˵ҽְҵ߶Ҳ࣬רҵʿ˴ģĪЦ
Ѫ͵Ŀգǳе֪ʶ¹چ£Բ
ABABOѪ͵AѪAѪ̣BѪ岻̣ǾBѪͣAѪ岻̣BѪ̾AѪ͡
ABѪABѪͶ̣ABѪͿAB ABOѪ͡
OѪѪ̣ѪOѪ
OѪܾȱˣȴȲ



9 ܾ
ʱһһȥԪЩ֧
ϾڿʼǰԼ400mlѪǿѾ뵽β׶Ρ
شߣ˿ϷϣһƯ룬Ԫصͷ
ķһʱ䣬ջû˲ֻǿϧʱûзյߣȻԪаٷ֮ʮİտԲ̡
˹Һˮˮʿעţʱ棬Ž鸡سš
һժ¿֣迪һǵӭҽҶˡ
ŨķԼǶŹԪġ
ԪԻ߼¶ϰԵİЦݣܳɹֻرϾʲô˾ңϸȾϼСʱŽȥɣȥʱ˳ϴ裬·ҲòҪ
迪ɹʱϲŹԪһĸлллҽллҽԺõһҵĵطܷԸ
Ԫ಻ĵڸЩܻͣᷢգҩһҪ˰ʱá
Ԫ˵˵Ų֪ͽԼ뵽ϱҽĳС
˵˰ŷӦѾǰˣҲǲʲô˾ҽԺʿ⺺æҷ˴¡
ˣֱҰɣȻȥϢһᡣ
ϢҽԪ仰˲üЦǾԼëëãйҽ仰ͷˡ
ˮ˵֪ɹҲһ˷ܣղڶǰºڣҲǺʧԣɹ˲ˬ
ղŻڻﲻֵͲͱ⡣
˻ΧŸЩƣĹԪ࣬һŸʲôûҽˣʲôȹҽָʣҹȥϹҪҪˡ
ˮһɤӣĻûɣˢˢȥϹʱԹԪ౧ǸЦЦ
˶ˣˮˣ϶ЦݣϸԹԪ˵ǸС˰۲ɣȥϢɡ
ԪЦص˵㣬һţһŵػ˼ңڴϾͻڵؿʼ˯ˡ
˯кƻһ
ٴǼŵһ㣬Ӳ𣬽һ춼ûгԷ
˿ɫֹһ˯ˡ
¯ԴŻԪЩϲ˯˵ĸСʱҰɣڶˡ
ԪĸСʱæӴϰԵʣΡ
أȻûѣʿϸţκεӵ˶ڿ㣡
ԪҲżˣеζʵгԵҶˡ
һ˼ӳ֪Ѫһֻ㲹壬Ÿˡ
˵ż̲סǸµСѧŰ𷣡
ԪĶӣЦЦҸղζεںȼУ˵ɲɡ
۾һԪ꣬ش¯ϵСҨһ뼦⡣
ζΡ
һ˫Σ佱۾Ԫܾģһ鼦Ž
ʵûʲôζǳէʲôû׼迪ĸĢͼһˣûΡ
óԡ
Ԫ治ɫ˵ΥĻ
Ԫһ䣬ֵüЦۡ
ȻѪ¿˿ڣԶҲʱԪŵ
վȺ𾴵ĵݣ޾ڰһϣ
ĳݹԪ࣬ԪŶʮ˾βˣǰǱŮˣû׼ܳΪһλ𾴵Ĵҽ
ΪݳݣԹԪĺ¶˼֡
һλԸΪزʶ˾ͺԥѪ˵ҽǲģӦþΡ
ӦԪദ󣬹Ԫôᷢ衣
Ԫɲ֪˫꣬öˣسһ뼦⣬˸׳죬ȻûζôĢζ
ŷּûж˾䣬𣿡
񣬡û¯źأӦѾˡ
˵žʹ¯µĻѰĺԪûľٶ⣬
ôԼ⣿
һǸģôܳԣ˵ʱĶ٣ٲҪģɲռʳˡ
Ԫ࿴˿ﻹʣСļ⣬ͷۣƣٳԸĸ٣
һϲʣ˵ˣȻȱεʣʣ
ûζļ죿
Ҫ
˳ڻ¯ԳԺӪ꣬Ԫһơ
Ǹ֪ѧҽģ˫־ûɹ
û˵꣬תͷԹԪʹͷ֪ģ֪ģԺĻҸɱǣ͵Ҳ㶫Ķ顣
Ԫ࣬
һû꣬Ͱһˣ˵ʲô
һ㶼ҸɻˣҲܿ㲻ǣȻˣһһ롣
ܾһͷͿԪ˫˵ܾĻŪġ
գˣλЩԿˣ˳ͻᷢ裬ϱһ
˵ʱĹԺӣһ뼦⣬Ե
껹˳ȥϴˡ
Ԫ,
⺢ĪϲӲģ
δȹԪ룬ʹһ󻶺ҽһˣȥ𣿡
Ԫֻȥˡ
һ˿ڴϣһҰףôе㾫ˡ
ԪϸʣǸоﲻ
һ촽ɿɳƵ˵ҾǸоͷЩۣЩڿʡ
Ԫû£ѪȱҲӦǺأڿʾͶЩˮѪҺѭ
óһĴȻ۵ֱ飬ԪûʩԮˣͲ࣬ʱ͸һ֧ʣҪԱʱ֮衣
һһõóѣҲġ
ʺһˮ˾һ˷ܵؽԪһԡ
ҽ㿴Ǹ߲ôҽˣûҽҲУ㿴㡭
˼Զˮ˿Ԫ϶ܾϾһ￴һڵ泯ĸɻɵҲ֪ôѡ
Ȼ
Ԫһ˰֣ӳ˵ЦˣһᣬҪѧϰĵطкܶ࣬λǽصҽȽϺá
ˮһɵۣôҲû뵽ԪȻίؾܾˡ
ĵֵ֪㻹ᣬŲ뵢㰡˫Ҫʳ˷ѣ֪ǸµģɣҲΪ㣬ȥú룬ٴ𸴡
УһȥǿǡԪ˵ſǣȴѾ˲ȥ⡣


10 ѡ
ˮһصҾͳ̾ģŪúС겻ѡ
զԵ㻹ˣ˭Ҫúóԣȥ˭ҳȥ
ŷŭϰ飬ˮ˲˼ЦЦû˵ŪóʳãΪС˿ϧ
ôˡ
ˮ˳̾ǹҽҾСȥ棬ܱڵǸɻòǡ
СһǺ°̾ʲô
ˮһɫͻСûӦȰǿǣǿ϶ɫ붼Ӧ
ھǵĻ⺢ӣ˵úõһѧǸɻգҪǴ
ˮһϧЩ˶˲Ҳ붮ҾǲԸһúõĴѧ̣
СϰĻҲ˼
ϰŵ᲻СҲĲҽĺ󳾣ôң˵Сôб£ı·ҲѣΪҪû׼¶ġ
Сôһѣˮ˲ඥ
ˮ˸˿˿ޣ޾ǲһ
Сˮˣ˵ҿС˲ͬȥԺǶԵģ㿴˼ҽõЩҩƷǴӾǴģЩ
Ϊ˼СĺòЩҩƷˣ´أܲһֱСԼɡ
С˵꣬ˮصԴѽԿǣһ綼û£˵ҪҪյǮ˼С͹ȥ
Сָݺݵش˴ˮ˵Դ˵Կǣ㻹ǸԿǣ迪ҳ£ȥʲôҪ迪ҽҩѣ´ζ˶棬ҿô졣
ˮ˼ˣⲻǲԸǷ˼С˵顣
СתתӣҿСûǮҲǮˣǶﲻǻǹֵóС˺С迪ңǼҪǮͲҽҩѳҪûǮ׸˼С˷ʮ֡
ˮôһ̤ʵˣǻϧԪһҽû֮ء
С޸ˮ˴뱲ӣˮüͷһ֪ʲô
ٴ㻹Ǹӳôһ㶼֪ͨСǶ־Ƕˣһ
˵һҽǶԺҿҲ㣬ǵܵĲҽҩƷӳǼܲ㣬ҪǲУô￴˲ȥ￪ҩܸСһݿǮء
ˮԴһת޵ĻԪڲʲôϵأҪῴͳɣࡣ
飬ˮһ˵أһͨޣ޿ࡣ
ؼ·ϣԪܾͽиͣû˺󣬹Ԫ˿۾ʶ롣
ɡ
һֻ˶Q۷ô졣
Ԫ౧˫֣۷Q˰죬ҲûŪ˼
۷ˣҲпܲùԪ࿴Цͣʼڰװ
һ˽һҽԺ
Ԫü˼Ҳҽ
ȰȰõصͷ
Ԫûڿװ壬ǶŰȰȰʵ˵ˣ
ȰȰٴεͷ
ԪĴԴܺã֤ѧϰٹãҹͨˣҾܿǶ㼸졣
ȰȰȴٴŵһףŴӹԪ໳ŰװǸߣһؿŹԪࡣ

Ԫ̲סЦҾôһ˵ȻӦ˴󣬿߶ĺҪ
ȰȰ˲䲻˼ضŹԪ࣬Ȼթϵƭˣ
ԼĴԴڵϰûڲѡ
ԪҲŶӣǰСΪá
ԭ˵Ҳôӣ˵˵ɣҽܸʲôô
ȰȰСشǰĹԪ࣬úȷڲŪСظ
ڹԪǰֳһʮԪǮ
Ԫ࣬
ҵĺôʮԪǮ㿴ȱǮ𣿡
ȰȰ˹ԪһҡҡͷȻʮǮֵǮȱǮ
ԪˣȻҲȱǮΪʲôҪ뷨ȥ
ȰȰȲѣСǺ:˵úеҸʲôء
ȰȰǺ۷ϸϸǾ޴Դʶռȥ
Ԫĵصȴš
ʱȰȰ۾һԴյװǰһĵ֮󣬹ԪǰʮԪǮһʮԪǮ
ԪʮţһһԪ
ȰȰһεؿŹԪܹ࣬õóнˣϣгķϣȥ
ûпؽǮŽԼĿڴԪ๴˹ǣȻ㲻Ǻܴǵҵĳﻹʱһɣ͵ܸҹͨʱٿǡ
˵Ԫ಻ȰȰȰȷӦͳʶռ䣬ҴƬ̣Χû˺·Ŀڴһ
ȻһǮ·ڴϴǳЦ˼ҡ
ȰȰֱض뿪ܾʲôطԾ벻Դȥѧϰˡ
Ԫһϲ߻ؼңǰѼòᣬʶԪǸϲŭɫˣֿĵģӦñڹԪϲŶԡ
żɻʵǼǮô
ԪĻüͷһЦݸЩԣǼǮˡ
һԪʲô˵£ʬʲôġ
ǵдԪֻڽʬʱǻǳЦݣһõ¡
һ˫ЩȻŷһϲϲֽʬħסһ𣬻᲻ҹԪһģҲֽˡ
ڼվʱԪϵЦƽȥԹԵڳﵹһ´ɱˮȥ
๾ˮԪƽҾܾ˶ӳȥҽĹһȥ䣬˳ȱģȥ𣿡
ôͻȻȥˡ
һ˵ڣľګһ£ŷӦﻰ˵˳
Ԫûע⵽һˮ΢Ц˵ǮȻǼ񵽵ǮҪ컨
˵ԪĦһе´ɱ뵽ȻСһﷴӦ֪ǮڲԼ
ϸŹԪĲͷҧҧѲԼˣǮ
ȵղ˵ʲô
ôܾܾôõĹܱڵɻǿ
ķӦĪùԪЩЦСķ仡Щ
ûʲôϾҳէģʲôϤﻹ֪࣬ȥǻô롣
Ԫ˵赭дʵף˵ļĺǿʱֲǺ̫ƽ̫ڸߵܻҪ鷳
סԺİװֻ۶ϣȥһδҲ̫ˡ
ûһӦӳҪ󣬵ԪԤУȥ޾鷳
ֻһ˲˹Ԫ˼ĵ׳̾Ϣһ
Һûѡ񸴳Щ˸˾̫ԶˣǱԼ̫Զ
ȻǱȺã


11 Ǯ
ΪҪţԪ˴緹ûԾȥҵˮ˿ǵ֤
ˮһڻڳ緹ԪǿģС緹ԹûҪ㡣
Ԫҡͷܾˣӳҿǵ֤ʲôûУܲ㣬Ҫǿ
ԪҲûа˸־׼´ɱ
ˮ˼Ԫཫ´ɱһţʱͼ
ˮ˵ʱͲˣǸ֤㿪ǣⶫûȥ
ˮ˵ž´ɱԪƣһܡ
Сݺݵϰ飬һ⣬аƵģôõ´ɱ¿ټ
˵˿ڹԪУԪЦЦ˵źĻ
ǸԺкܶ鷳ӳĵطӳǲգԺ鷳Ҳ߶벻ǡ
Сοϰ飬ʾ¡
ˮ˷Ӧ϶ЦݣУͺƤˣԺҪ£֧һͳɡ
ˮҲ˼Էˣ¿ӣҳºֽ׼Ԫд֤
Сһ𣿡
Ԫҡҡͷ˼ԸȥֻƱǮ
ˮд߸Ԫ˵ãǶϻǹֵСһһСϤϤú˵˵Ƕѧϰ졣
Ԫһˮչæл
ллӳĹգԪСԺһʳӳһ͸ӡ
Ԫ룬δе̫ණ»ӳӳһ١
ϾʱУԵƤĲʵġ
մӼȹ˭еʳýͰ͵ģܹ˳ԷĲ࣬ԷҲܹ֤ġ
ˮûоܾЦŵݸԪдõ֤У͵ȥء
Ԫл֤˳ʱ·ȥ
һ·ϾûһˣʱʱĹﻹһһڻ߹Ĵ
߲߳ӣ˼ŵʱͷѾ߸߹ûֱ鿴ʱ䣬Ԫпȥ
д̺󣬲֪ڶѾˡ
¼Ϊ·Щɿʵ촽Ԫ֤˳ǣҵһҺСĹӪ˽ȥ
Աо޲ʵڹ̨̣ԪҲֻ̧̧ƤҪʲô
Ԫüͷ΢Ȼܿ߷Ա磬ʱˣûڶ˵
һͺá
Ʊ𣿡
Ԫ·ͳһһƱǵ÷ԱƵƵĿ
ëǮƱ͹ˡ
ԱԪõóƱϵ̬Ⱥ˼֡
ԪóëǮԱ
š
ǮԱָֻ̬֮ǰСﺰ˼䣬ùԪԼλ
ȵ˵ǰʱ򣬹ԪѾüꤣûг緹ָһ·Ϊ̫ҷ꣬Ԫ໹治ỨǮԩ
һҲ࣬ҲͶټˮŴлֻùԪ˰뱥
ûֽԪԼӲ˲죬뿪ҹӪ꣬ĵ״⣬Ժ󶼲ˡ
ΪǷ㣬ֵϵ˿ʼҶ໥ʶģͻȻһ˿εĺӹӪ̲סԪϴ
һȺĴԪҲӳ˿ǵĲӣǴ˳Ķ󱳾ͱ˸ס
ԪͷȻӳ뽯ïЩ쵼緶Ա߻վŶͷʾѦ塣
ͬ־ɰ
Ԫ಻òѯʣͷӦ
ïԪһ糾͵ӣЩ⣬һԶôسǽ̫Զ·ѡúðǲ֪ͬ־᲻
ïţȴԪ˵Żͬ־˵֮ǰи˴ɽˤ
Ԫû뵽Ϣô죬ǵ˵ͷ
ŶïԪֻͷ˵Ϊ鲻ĵһ䣬Сĵ㣬˵ӵɽҰյʱɽ͵Թû׼˴ɽµ͸Ұйء
Ұ
Ԫлȣͷⲻ
ţԪȴԣã֪ˡ
ѦԪ಻£баٴѧ˵öģһӺö˶˵أӵǲ˵ǿɱɵıƭˡ
Ԫֻţش
ï˵˰죬ԪҲûʲôӦЩйβġ
ˣҲﵢʱˣȥȥͬ־Ҫһô
ԪҲ˴·⡣
·ѦߴߴظԪവŽïĲʺƨ
ͬ־㿴ůˮǽѧģû뵽ѧвٹҵƱͬ־ҲҪҵƱѧ϶һ˼۵ġ
Ѧÿ˵꽯ïҪ۲һԪı飬Ҫ£ԪģͬǴӾģԺصôһŭСܸ档
ԪĶһ·ֱſڣ˿иӬΧתĸо̫ˡ
ȥˣͲˡ
Ԫ˴к̤뵽
ïɫѿһ֣ԹԪã˾Ȼʶ̧١
Ѧæοѧû׼УûǮ˼һ·ҵ뿴Щʲôء
ïɫÿ٣ҲһȤߣǸȥʱǮٲûҪǽ衣
ԪǮģҲûбĿģһνײһݣЩǳıƷǶûζļǺȹˡ
ڴڹһһˮ˶ˮϴˮ䲻㣬ùˮ㣬Լʱ䡣
Ҫľϴ·ůͣҸӱ߶ϴ·ȵ˶죬ˮöˣʱˮϴ·ֻҪҪˡ
Ӧ＾ĺǣҲû¡
뵽ϻҪӳԷԪֳš
ȥԼóƱŻȥϵͳʮԪ
̫ˣаʮԪûأֻʵòôණˣԪֻա
һתͷøƨɵˣ㶵ضԼĶ
Ԫһ㶣˳ǵĿ⿴ȥüͷ΢Ǯ̫ˣԼ̫
ᣬЩɲһ˵ģа˴ģ￪֤ɲףɲܶ
Ԫ˸׾ӵɣĩ˻˾䣬ǮҲԼġ
ï࣬ΪԪǸ󻧣˴ִŵĻǮԭֻǰģͽ͵ͨˡ
ѦղŻ˲˵ԪŹôһӴô࣬ԭǰѽ
Ԫûйע˵飬βܲɽ¶ˮؽʣ°ʮǮȥͻȻ۾һǸмĿŽï


12 º
ԪмؿţïΪԪľԴڿˣЩο
Ԫѽïһʵ˵ĹҵƱܹܶ࣬Ҽ𣿡
ï룬Ҫţ
ܳš
ţ
ïĹҵƱҲʣˣγ͸ʮŹҵƱð˲ٶš
ԭҲԪô࣬ԪһڣôҲչֳĲƴֲǡ
šԪ򢣬е١
ïԪĿɫǺ죬ҧҧҪ١
Ԫ˼⣬ϵǮǿֻ۷ģҲֻ֪۷䷴ӦǮڲڡ
Ҳܰ˿̫
Ԫ࣬žŰɣǮ
ԪýïܲˬǲƲҡ
Ԫ඼׼ǮˣïһʣеĪûС
ïӹԪ룬ͻȻƢˣУ
ɷ˵ïͳһƱԪ㿴Ҫ٣
Ԫ࣬
һƱԪɵһŽï
˭ҵɵû˩ø˳
ҵƱţƱʮţŲƱԼһŵƱƱ
ԪҲӽïӵ̫ݣŹҵƱƱһƱ
㿴ҪǮ
Ԫûиïɫÿ٣˵ƱǴ󷽵˵ʮǮС
Ԫ˵͸˽ïʮԪǮﻹʣʮԪü
ïЦǮƱԪ໹һüͷģȻعϹԪļ
ֵܿɻҪƱ
Ԫɻ˵ͷ
ïյԪԵ˵֪иطԶһƱҪҪȥ
ԪĿïڼϵ֣΢΢üУ
ïֱԪĿҲգЦ˵һǮӶģ֪Щ˼Ǯ࣬ǻЩ·
ԪɫصʮǮȥ
ïȴգƻصԪǰҲҪǮҸ㣬͵
ïĻùԪ˼˰ӣȻïЩΪ˻ͦĵģصǲȱǮѣԺõŵĵط
á
ïԪӦֿ˻װ˹ԪСܡ
Ҵֵܹȥ
ï˵žҪԪȥ
ԪסҶô졣
ղŹԪһѶҪȥУֻȻ᲻ˡ
ïԪһѶһĴȣ˵Ұñǡ
ɷ˵㿹һڴڹЩˣĩ˻ѦҲͬ־ڹɡ
Ϊ˸ԪչֳԼ˵ĺ󣬽ïؿ˹
ѦȻףΪʲôһ򣬽ïͺ͹Ԫ˳ֵˣҪŽïúôƲƲ죬鲻Ըæ˿ڹ
˰æԪ෴ɣֻҪװľͺá
Ԫ̲ס̾и־Ǻãؼʱʡ¡
˺УҵλһƱĻţԪཫϵʮ鶼һˣȻ۸ȽïĶҪԪһ㶼ֲۣǮ
ȰȰϵͳռѧϰԣȻܹǿ˵ˣʱǷӦǾ仰ûôס
־٣ȰȰٴηԪĻŵڵϡ
ǮȻ񣬻Ҫ
˲գ
ȰȰʹԴǴȻôĵ
ҵðǮûΪ
ȰȰȱҪֳȥǮջ
ôʹǮǻز
֣Щ֮ƣʱջѽ
벻ͨİȰȰʶռһƣ˲˹ȥ
Ǯϵ֮ƣÿһܶõĲԽ֮࣬ܵͷ
Ϊ˻ΣǱȶЩǮֻҪȥ֮ƣǲܵͷġ
˳ȥ
ȰȰȻû꣬оƬһһڻ¯ﱻ˿һ㣬װҲֳƬѩƣźܵظš
ʵеĹԪҲһƬܹ·˾磬һʧˡ
Ԫüͷ΢Ĭ
ïŹӺг˶ЩˣڹȻأȴְ
ֵܣɶʱȥ
Ԫ뵽һβףøͼдűƽǡ
ȥʾּţͻȥ
ï˶۵òУҸؽ£Ԫָָ·ڵϲˣֵܣԼȥɣҵЪЪ
ѦҲһĺ䤱
Ԫֻ÷¶ȥʾ֣дţһȥһȥ౱ũĽ㡣
ţ˲̤ϻس̡
ȵһӷ½ïǵĶһţģţ
ֻٴҿ˱ڹˡ
صӣԪһлˣ˰ֵ˴󲿷ֵ۳ɹ˾ˡ
˳־ܾ͹Ԫڻ˳һٶҪԼǮӣǻȥԼء
ŽïѦԶȥıӰԪ̲סٴθ̾绹Ǻ˶డ
뵽ҪӳԷԪ׼Сϴţ򿪹ǣ滹żʣ
ҪĶӣԪĸеһů
Ա㣬ԪҲ䣬Ϳʼв
Ҳ࣬ǰĸȥǰڲϵǶӣѧļҳˣˣȴڡ
һ㣬⣬ӳ˿Ūﶼζ
¹ŵζҲ̲סʿˮ߽ݿǹԪڳˣ˶סˡ
û뵽ȡԪ໹ա
һ뵽ԼüԪ˵óԣߺˣ޲ʱ⵹ûּȥ
¹ĺˣղղ˵㣬ᲹǮ㡣
ԪЦǿ˵ʱŷûǣֻһ㼾ĺǡ
߳ܵУȻԪĺǣҡͷ˵û£û¡
ԪæµҲ˼ţǰæ̣ϴʲôġ
ʱŷ֣ԪĲˣڹɻʵôôණôˡ
Ԫ࣬˶ӳԷǸǰǹֵúúÿһ
ŻȻ˵ôԵ޹ʵرȥǹ֣ԭǶӳչˡ
Ҳ˼ùԪһ˳ǮдҳԼǮԪඵ顣
ԪҲû˵ʲô֪ҲԼģϲռ˱ˣЦˡ
ϵڴĹԪ࣬ٿƽ޹ʶණͷʵôѶѽ
Ԫ೴˵Ķһͣʵ벻æ˵֣Щ˼˵ȸкƨͻġ

ǲڹԪҲиºš



13 
ɽˮ˺ϰСԪǵСԺ
֮ǰҲûԪʲôóʳϾǴӴĺӣʲô
˼˼
ǵ̤СԺϵĺüˣķɫڲˡ
ͷϡ氡
Ҳֻйøζƽʱ˭ҳ˷ŵͶݳޡ
Ԫһ̲˷ôĿټúš
ѵ˹Ķӡ
һʹĦΪͽðĺ
ˮݵǰһЦӦĺˮ
СϽӹһƬοԭҲû仰£ֻǾ⺢ľͲˡ
û뵽⺢ӻأͺˣȻģǲһ
дչˣҸڶôõĹΪֻٷı⣬
Ԫ˵ʾλ£Ȳˣﻹδͨ磬ֻ֮ܵú͵ƳԷ
ڵϹģв㡣
ϵķˣҹʢֱֹţ
ԪЦŸλ⡣
ʱг⣬ⲻͶ࣬ܲ֬Էǰյ
ˮ˺ͺСӹⶼš
һԪԼֻ⣬иӶݣǸúӰ
֪࣬ҲֻǼһЩ߽ϵĲ˳ԡ
ڶӵĺøжǣǹȻûпţ˼˭УӣǰĸԸ
һٷԵñȻûоˮúˮҲδ
ڷּʱ򣬹Ԫ಻𣬡壬ҽȥ˵ɽҰ
ˮ˵ļв˵Ķһ٣¿̾˿û뵽վס
ԪȤ
ˮ˶ŹԪЦЦҲǿӳʵطϲ˵ǧ⴫
Ԫͼһۣҡͷʾ϶˵
ɽϵȷҰÿվͻʳЩмÿ궼ץͷÿÿֵ⣬±ϾҪǴȥӶԹ䡣
Ǽƣǰɽ϶ȡ˽ԷӸɵģ˵ȥӻðӸ
µ׻ûв͸ǽǽ֪ˡ
ԪΪˮ˶Ұտڲԣ˵Ҳаʮ˿ڣҰǼͷ
֪̯ʣ١
ӵҲɵ˽¿϶Ҳ͵͵ɹ
ֻû˻ڵ˵
Ԫ΢΢һ˼ŵЦ˵һ˵ɾ̤ʵˣֻǲ֪ɽҰ಻ࡣ
ˮԪһʣ֪Ұ˼æȰɽϵҰǳȺӳ֣ɱʱҪӵ޿ɲҪɵ£ΪЩ
ԪһЦͷİɣԪ໹ûôɵԪиҪһԣеȻٺòǾˡ
ˮ˼Ԫ֣ҲȰֻһҪСģǱ˿㾡Ʊǡ
ˮ仰Ԫ֪ٷûа롣
˶ӳ򸾣һʰиʣˣһߵǵؿԪ࣬ҪȥҰǿɲʲôǵö
Ԫ˹ˣ쿴ԼèϻƵˣǾȻҲˡ
˼һŻǺǵ𣿡
Ԫϴ˿ûκα飬һ˫ż
ˣһ꣬ˣվǰˣǸ۲۵Ĵɣ˶ɱοһֻҰ
챻Ԫֳᣬɱ˫ۣʱɵĿ¡
ԪһղŻ̼ѩڣЦؿżҶģô㾿ʲô
˵⣬ģһ½סˣֵ̫ԣ˸ˣô죬ô죬ô졣
ʮͷϵ亹Ҳ߳ͣҵԽ͵ɡ
ԪûڿķӦ⺢ԼҲһˣ΢ŻŻͦ档
̤ӻŵĹ˳һĺ⣬ڼǰ
ղųԷʱ㶼ô⣬ǸģϽ˺˯
ڵսľУٿǰһ⣬Īͷˡ
Բԡ
Ԫ⽫սıǶ棬ڶèʳ
Ũζ˱Ƕǵü̲סڿˮҡҡͷһûûǮ˼ԹԪĶ
ԪΪüͷ΢šǮ㹻Ǯˡ
ܾǮֵǮֵǮƱҡûƱ
ԪβСһǳû˰취ЦݣһװͰ͵صԲԣԾͰˣٷȥ
ŵһȻĽӹԪе룬ӣһ۹Ԫٳһ⡣
һ˫Ĵ̺ᣬͫ׶µͨ죬Ҳ¡
һں죬۾˼֣Ү̫ó˰ɣζ֭Ũ壬Ŵ
һգۣղŻ̺۾ˮһӾͻ˳
ɰѹԪɶˡ
ûмԺ⻹ԼԿ˵
ģԪҲ۸Цʵôˡ
ִٵ˰ᣬ̫óˣҴûгԹôóԵĺ⡣
Ԫе棬û
ͫǼеϴ滹ãһھͿҵúúҸǶ鶼ҪǮﻹǮԡ
ΪӦҺ٣ҲΪ˼иûѡУΪиó·֪˶˲ıһȥũĻᣬΪ˲ڻңܾˡ
ΪԼӱܶöˣǾöԲ뵽ºúһΪΪḺû뵽̫ˣȻϹԪħͷ
˵żȻ䣬̫ˡ
Ԫʿˣʱ޴ذοϲ⣬Ժ졢ٶٸòãް
˭֪޵øˣûǮ㣬ϾʣǮˣʡŵãؼҵĳѶûˡ
ԪвζԼûǮˣ󷽸һǮ⺢ԸҲ̫Щ
Ԫ࿴ųѵļ෢͵Ķͷ˵а취ǮٿޣҾͲ㡣
ĨᣬһŵؿŹԪ࣬ģ
šԪ˵ͷ
ΪЦЦ»ſžӨ飬һ㶼
Ԫõ飬Ц˻ޱӡ
ɫɰת죬֧֧ᣬͰ͵صʮʮˡ
Ԫ಻ţһ䣬׶ꡣ
ʮʮ
Ԫ࣬
лҪ˵ࣺ̫Сô졣
ߣٳԣ
ٽһǴͣϱ17ģⱲӲ1516ˡ



14 ڻ
Դ֪ʵ󣬹ԪһԼ۸СӵĴʼչ˼
Ҳ˼üϾҪҪ˯ߡ
緹ãȴٳٲϳԷԼԼܿڶ
Ԫ໹Ϊˣ̽̽ͷû
˶٣Ԫ뵽ʲôЩЦã㲻Ϊڷ¶˰ɣ
˵ƳۻסļЦģ붾ɱ㣬õڷ¶
һ룬ǱԪͻľٶŵˣССŷ
ԪһˣҪԵ߲˵ģ׷𣿡

߳ԱߴãԾҭˣƫƫ
ԪҨ˳һ˳㣬û˸
һů¶ǣо˶ˣԹԪ಻˼ЦҴûгԹôһİ׷ԭôóԡ
ԪǺЦóͶԵ㣬Ա˲ų
Ǹӣ͸иŶԡ
緹һʰ˾ȥϹˡ
ǹһ㶼ֻۣҪܹ幫ֱϵ֣ٿǸ˶٣־С
˵ףɲף𿴶˶ǲʶֵģҪǸټһ֣߸˭һֵ֣㲻ɿ
һ缾ʹŹԪˣʵҲϲȫֻܼǸţ˺һˣܸ֡
Ԫļ㲻ȻҲȥѧҽûþͰӵ˸ǵ߰˰ˡ
ˣ̲סʵ˵а취Ǯʲô
ʵˣԪɫԣѹס˺ģʵ̲סˡ
Ԫ࿴ԶԶɽ֣ζصǮİ취϶д̷
òᣬֶҡ
ҪߣԪסҪɽһɣҴڻǮ˷һ롣
գҡͷϣһɽҰȺô죬̫ΣգǮϲҪȥˡ
ӳ˵ץҰҪСӵˣץͷԪһ
ȻԪϱΪⱲû񣬷ľˣһ˰װ
ԪԼìֵСŪЦԷǣģȥ¶ͻأɽ̫á
סԪֻ࣬ǧǧСģҰܣܲͺ˾
Ԫ࿴żੲݵ߶ģ̿˶ңҰ᲻ҡ
̲סüûסԪ࣬ԪպĹֱһҪ߿ߣ˷ֵı顣
ԪĸеһЦͷҲص·ɽ
˿̴ӵ˶ڱֵԼ£ŬŹ֣Ҳûзһˡ
ǹҪڲͬĵط۲죬͸˹ԪܴĲռ䡣
˳಻ϵɽԪʹɽУлϱֲҽӣǶܣҲѧһֱ¡
ܿҵһȺҰĽӡҰӡԪһ·壬һ·˿ľͷļײ
ֱϵĲˣԪתܣɽôܲץɡ
һɽͿһǵڸƣسǴһ
ææܹãû˷֣ŹֱȥһȦӦò˻ɡ
һθڼٺǰڻ飬ĶҪɤۣ˵Ҳ˼֡
Ԫ򵭶ӹֱϵҶŲæŹֱǰװģȥˡ
*
.ҽԺ
ʮӢԸ¹Ԫ󣬾壬ƫƫӵʱ򣬹־㻹ùԪȥˡ
Ӣ־ս˺ü졣
Ӣù־㲻ŹԪ
־úӴԼѡ
ֱյԪţ̬Ȳл͡
ӢϣԪһĸҪע̲סֺǣҶӺãˣԺҲ֪Ǽҹ
뵽Ӣ̲ס۹־㣬㣬ԪȻҳӣԸԪ࿴˼ˣԪôãֿһСϲ
־ڨڨ˵
Ӣ־ûȤ˻֣ˣȥϰɣǰ࿴ᡣ
־ֻóŲ鷿ȥˡ
־һߣӢĸջž̤ŽߵӤϣСֽлӴӴĸԪ
Ӣĸ׿һΪϰΪƲƲ첻˵
СջŮӢĴǰӢղôܸŮأӰŮ˵ŵˡ
Ӣ⻰ϯ˵ˣŮ죬Ѿеˡ
ջһΪ⣬Ϲ˵㲻ҪŮ˶Ϳҫ˰ϲŮ˳Ůɵúúøϴ
ӢԽԽͷ뵽Ԫ˵ɻ䶯ĬҲҲҲ
ջӢˣΪȥˣ˵аŮùԪȥǼ°ŮʲôΪĸӺð
Ӣʲô
ջ˳ڴߣʼŮ˵㿴Ԫ͸ΪԪǣԪøԪŲλá
Ӣûס裬˵ʲôԪҲҶӣһִģ
ӢԶʮ޽˼ңԪԪܾ͸ƨ.ɺǳԣżҲɵɵĻµúܡ
ԪݣҪϰҪӣԪԪܰæôɡ
䲻ʤ
⻰Ȱţ
ջƲƲ죬Įĵֲģ㼤ʲô˵ǹԪûŰֹ˼ҵѪЩҲ˼ˡ
ǰǵ־ϥûգŲܲ˵ģԪͲһˣ˼ҵĶùԪŶԡ
ӢƤӶڶջ͵ûԪȥ£ԺҲʲôϢ㰡ɴ־˵˵ѹԪֳȥɲù˼һһˡ
Ӣ˰أֺö˶˵Ԫȥʲô趼ڽ⺢ˣġ
ӢɫһӾ裬ûȥˣҼҵ飬ֲܡ
ջûӢ֮⣬뵽С˵㵱㣬һΪҼԪˣҸ˵ĻԸС
ջһߣӢֱûбס˳Ԫ۵ûţЩ˵Ļ⺢ôܷžǵĴܵƫƧȥ
Ӣ﷢˺ݣסԺôЩ˵ļƻóѣԺԺ󣬵øԪѳһҶҶû۸Ҳ䣡
лҪ˵ղš


15 
౱ũ
ڰ칫дĹԪټһͷĶ̷һˬϵı৵дţŶʮѾмӢķ緶
ٽ㣬š
һʮŮһŷڹԪٵǰ˳ȥ
ũкöȻΪЩʱʱ̿Ҫ˿š
ԪͣʣӹţһİĵַЩɻز𿪡
ſһУϾЦ⡣
ԭǵܼܵš
ԽԪٵüͷԽ
ܵ˵Ⱦܾ׵ĹҽԺ־ܾߵũתȥɽ硣
ⲻô
ɽǱֽ˵ôɣũкЩƼģ˵ء
泯죬ֻҪÿտŻеڵתһȦͳɣĹֺǮҲ࣬ܶٶٰ档
˼ʲô
ҵܵҲȥѧеԱߵԺȱˣһΣˣһ¶ʮǮ
ԪţȴûֵܵܣĿһתܵҲβˣﳤ˿
ֻҪȥµظɻС
ԼҵܵǸũǸϰ
ţԪ룬¹ʿ϶ûа취ǺũȵģҲ֪ܵ¹
ǮԼһ㣬һת־òס
ܵˣԼ˼ˣϣԸ˵Ҫ³ЩͷҲá
չкӣԿԺôżҡ
뵽ԪٴӸղŵıһֽʼдԪ
дţԪҳһŷֿʼܳܵϵĵַ
ϳʡǹ߲ӡôôϤ
ԪȻûѡҽ·ѧУɼҲһģ౱ũһֱд棬ũĴСС鶼֪һ
ڿϤĵַɵڳ﷭Ȼһµũ뱨档
ΡŮʮˡڹ죬ϳʡǹ߲׼
Ԫٶֿ˿Ĺ£ȷûдص˵ͷ
ҲǴӸ߲ģˣöʣҲö˽һܵǱߵ
Ԫָɿؽŷãд걨ȥš
*
˿̻ڻϵβ֪ûũͱɵĽˣ˿Ƶý
ʵ飬㲻˵ڻϻɹԪ𳵳ᶼұˣûϣ
ǱĳĬãųûгѾũ
һΪżԪ࣬ڻѾڵǰҶ˸ɫĿ⡣
ЩĿܲˬ
һһǶţ񾭽
㵱ĵ˵Ԫϣָˣֿܻûⲻˣء
εػҲͦģֱԲֻ¼һߵĹԼ¼Ҫ֪ÿߵĹԷʽͬÿһֻأ鶼ƫȫңֻܰߵĹһ˿һƫ
üͷ΢壬ˣ㲻Թ̫ڸߵôЩũֳһҵֶˣȻɵķΪβã治֪ôȥġ
鲻˵ˣΣֻز֪ʲôȻʱбǰࡣ
οΧĿ⣬ٴĵ̾Ҿ͹һΣϣǹԪѾũ˵ģһô
ɳĬ
ûȤ󣬱ҲտڲԣôΧһҪԵĶǡ
*
һü죬Ԫ඼͵͵Ϲʱȥɽ鿴ųȥĲûץ
ܿϧҰûץﶼûв׽
Ҳûó
ǵùԪһΪԼǴ˲ÿ¹ڹĵ
˷ǵûʧ䣬һҡ
ûԵζŹԪȶȹȥͲɽȥɽܣͲҰ
ҰûΣգûΣգڶﰲĹڶﰲĹͲĵ
ֱ
Ԫ˼Ĳ̾̾ɽһΣҪǻ׽ֻˡ
ʵԪҲǷҪɽﲶǮԼϵƱ࣬ԣ˳СǮ
ҼֻСز뵰ʣ巢ãͳߣССӵģԺֲϱô졣
ԪԼǳһҽ߶ڻߵĹģӪҲڲһְɡ
⻰һϲֻҪ죬ͿԲĵĵĹԪɽ˺ٴΰһ¸·ǱӹԪǧҪ
Ԫڼڻ£ٴν뵽ɽ˳Ų·ߣһ·
˲һ룬Ԫͣ½Ųβǰɽ΢촫
Ԫ룬Σգʱ˵׼һƣˡ
һֻ˵ܣɵ
Ԫ˵Ӷ䣬˸͵زݰãף·ڡ
ǰߣɽĿ֦Ҷȵ죬Ѿ䣬ѰŶһࡣ
ǼãԪһ·ǰûúּһֻסһϢҰӡ
ߵβˣȻ쵽ֻȻһֻСҰˣԪ˵࣬ɫһϲ
ʮ¼Сˡ
Ԫ·źҰϵĲض飬ֻλسࡣ
ϾﻹʮصĶ
ȵҪͷˣΧȦԪͳˣȦԪ໹û
εȦʱ򣬹Ԫڳˡ
æһĽ꣬һѹֱԪ͹ȥȴע⵽ԪЩͬ
ء
ԪΪҪɽ̫ҲᴩףֹгϣҲ⣬ȻԪలȻȴˡ
ԪһЦ²¿
һսʵʲôˡ
Ԫ౻ǵС֡
ضĵطȥ
±Ԫ·סֻҰãһֻҰҧ촽ųO͡
ԪȤؿżȵС飬ڴļ
Ȼֻ΢΢죬һԹ
·Ϊʲôҵ
˵ǲҪùԪҪﰡ
ΪʲôҵǸҷ
ѵ·վڹԪ
ԪŪСԻ·Цˣ֤ҵĶǹõģԺͲˣǮ𣿡
ģ
ҧ˵ģȻ뵽ԪϲԾ֮ˣַǳĵʵүԺգ
Ԫ౻Сٶȸô
ᡣ
Ԫ࣬


16 ֤
ȵ¹˲ź͵͵˻ؼҡ
ֻһϢë׵ӣѡ
ûɱӣҲûɱô졣
ĵƮԪ࣬ŵ֪رȻš
ԪͶֻæͷ̵
˵ˣ˵Ǯһ˷һ룬ʲôҲ
ǵͬռ˱ˡ
ôռԪıأⲻͬڶʳ
ĵˣȻʼùԪɱɱˡ
װҧҧ촽׼۽еӸˡ
ɡ
ϴһЦԴʵ
ãȻۣһ˫˵ÿ֣Ѿеĵ
Ԫŵ΢ЦǰСЦɱ꣬춼ˣúǵ⣬ɿ塣
ŵڹԪ裬ɫˣСĵ㣬˵֡
Ԫͣ浶ĶļԴģҶ浶ģ㿴ˣ̻㣬´Ҿɵ㡣
׻˵úã㲻档
ССԶ̵㼼ܣԺ󳤴ˣôһ֮
ǻһԺСﻶϲ
СԺ̸һ棬˼ҹﻹߣôС
Ԫһ뵽Ǹ棬ǲһĨǳЦ
ȻڼУԪࡰа񡱵Цӵֻ䣬õݺݵӵԴ
ӵ˵ԴѪġ
ÿ¡
Լĺףɫ԰ֽ
Ԫȫûע⵽ı飬һ߸νľ顣
Ӱ֮ǰҪԴѪ֮󣬾ʹǰ֫ؽںͺ֫ƹؽΧƤпȻõŴȣ
˺
һõƤ¶ͮͮرƤ
ٴβ԰׼֣Сɷ׵ûһ˿Ѫɫ
Լ¶ƣ嶼̲ס˲ܵܣȾǹǦһǧء
ƤƶǣһͺˣõпܹϴȽֳٺֱȥ
Ԫ˿Խ˵Խ˭ѧҽʱදǽʵģ˿µҲ衣
ֻһ˿ԪԴȻƤٸġ
ˮһֻõҰӣԪˣиüǮ
ѧǲǺܼ򵥡
ԪŴõӣ̧ͷҫȴǰСɫҰ׵ˡ
ˣ⺢Ѫ
ԪӣͻȻ뵽ǸѪģղѪʱȫûע⵽㡣
֣Ԫһ½סļû˾Ϳʼ
ȣǸȥϢɡ
Ԫڨڨջ֣ԼǸ⡣
ֻ뵽Сһܣȴ⺢ѪּղѪȳ棬ŵˡ
ݴŲ⿴ҿԪ࣬۾һգҲգʵ㡭ַˡ
ʵʣǽ˽ʳľ
Ԫüһû뵽⡣
Լ򢣬ϱѧҽľ˵Ȥ㣬ϾСȽϺ档
һģòô鷳ҽѧԺһǲ˽ģõĶģߣԸ壬ҲѧУĵʦҽ֣ѧԱֻԹۣǱȽѧԱֶ
ûϹ֡
ʮֺ档
Ԫ΢΢һЦϸ˵ûйġ
ϱӵйⱲӵûйҲƭ˰ɡ
һ˵أ˿ǹԪ໹ԣظ
ʵ̫ˡ
ÿ춼ΪСǰ
뵽кڣԪץסŮҪŮǸдַӾԼҪꡣ
ҺⱲӹԪ໹ûŮûŮĲ
ΪԼСҲΪ˹Ԫ಻ߴһùԪŮమһ죡
ԪɫˣʹȥˮʣµҰŪá
Ұϸ˵ֿһڴˮļ֡
ӳȥʺҪȥأǻҪ
Ҳû⣬ΪϻҪЩõ⣬컹ûȫⲻһϾͱζˡ
һߣԪͶؿʼˡ
ðŽҶȵӳңû˻ɡ
ˮ˼Ҳˣӭ˽
ȴû뵽һ˶Ұ
ˮ˱ͲҰ˵ǽɽˣ
صͷ
û°ɡ
ҡͷ
ˮĲ٣ЦŶԼ֪ˣǻȥɡ
תնԺСЦе˵ܸҪô
С϶еŮҪûʲôöŮ塣
ȿǽȼü֮˵˼һӵĸ
һӸض飬ԪڼҲ˷һˮ棬һӽõҰҰ࣬Ϸŵö࣬ζ
ĸһûԪ˵㣬ӽϣһ
һžζͳˡ
һʳߵļζӳ棬ԵСԲ˲١
ùԪȥģû졣
˷ͳ׺ˡ
Ԫú͵ƣȴûȥ⣬ʼֽ
ֽʲô
֪ˡ
˵꣬Ԫһһʼд
սһԪд֤
ⲻֻжӳдĲ𣿡
š
ԪûзϣҲûгϡ
Ҳû⣬ΪԪд档
Ԫдһ룬ͻȻסüʵ˿ȸкƨʲô
Ѧ壬ï
Ԫд֤ȥ
ڳһʼϸϸһ߲ӵĹ¾ͱ˳
պϺ࣬ӡ֤ϡ
óϴˮ˸д֤һԱȣֱһģһˡ
²ˣα֤
š
ԪͷϣѦ֤Ŵҽǡ

Ԫĵŵòᣬα֤ҲͰˣҡڵؽǡ
鵽Ǽٵô졣
ԪǷĵ˵İɣûµġ
˿е֤ʮֲģаѦһŮ֣˷ֵġ
Ԫͷ˸ɣʱ˵㸸ĸǸǼҰ黭ȡģŵڶýѦ塣
׾ˣ⡭ҲУ
Ԫ϶У㱻鵽ˣٵǽïҹԪʲôϵҲһ
ӶҪˣǡ˺̫ðɡ
Ԫƫƫͷ֪ô뵽콯ï˵ʱں˵Ӧò⣬ϾѣѲ߲嵶Ӧúܸ˲Ŷԡ



17 Ǯ
ȰȰѾʶռ˺ö졣
Ѿȫˡ
ֻ޿
ΪһʱĳܲȻܱԼˣˡ
ˣ˾ˣˣû뵽οһµġ
Ͳ˭Ǹϵͳˡ
ȰȰȻС۷ĳʶռתơ
ܾʲôҪĶˡ
벻
ʲôء
ȰȰţȻۣоƬҲһֱιԴһˡ
ˣܷоƬԴ򰡣ΪʲôҵĲˣ
ȰȰȣ˺ܾòʱоƬѾ˷룬ܴûװĿܰ
װף֪ʲô𣿡
ȰȰ﷭˺ܾãҲŴ𰸣ֻѰװİ
ղŻǻƵİװ壬ʱֻһ֣δ֪
ȰȰȵֻۣʱĻŭΧŰװֱװף̫ˣʶˡ
ָ
ȰȰŴԴ仰ʲѡ
˼ˣˣˡ
ðɡ
ȰȰһ㲻Ͼᣬʼ鿴װ
ȡΣȡϿɣɣһԪ
ʲԪͬºøУδɣ
ȰȰ˶ˣôˣûȥҲũ
װףǲǻˣҸоҪ滵ˡ
װû˵ֻϿصػߡ
ȰȰȷӣֱصڿռذϣˤһ졣
ҲС
ȰȰֱӹˣڵɶȶô
*
ûˣԪżĨسǡ
֮ǰںжһƱʱʹа켸ûˣֻаҹûвԱʱԾġ
ԲŻҹżسǡ
У𾪲ѣССһȫˣؼܰ
Сĸڶ˶ңܰȫ
Ԫͼһ̤ͱܶ˸ˣֱ˿λ̯Ŀȥ١
ûڳǰˡ
һһ̵Ĵ󺺣̯λǰݺݵضŹԪͼˡ
ŵһ¡
һǸǵġ
Ԫ൹ǲ££
󺺵۹Ԫ࣬һֺһҪ˵ĸоɳɤ˵ѡ
Ҫ١
ԪһҲȣСССӾкö˷ڣûкô˭Ըҹ硣
ʲô⣿
ֱӾˣԪı̽̽뱳⣬ʿˮ
⵱Ρ
˵Щ¹Ԫ಻ͬƵģ˵ǿ
Ԫཫ󺺵ķӦУУֻǵһγ˴ӣ֪ɲԽ˳ӡ
Уȥá
˵ˬʵһĴȣȥԪóӡ
һ߹Ԫ಻Ųæӱóһյ׼õú͵Ƶ
Ԫ½ǣղǸ㲻һҪء
ԪЦ˵£ûһʹˣ֤˻ǲģΪҪһɷģ
ΧĺУһ㣬ҲסôӰɡ
˵Ԫ࿴СԼ½ǣ΢΢һЦ£Ҫ㣬ұ㣬ء
ͷһܾùԪ˵ĻЩֵֹģ˵֡
룬ԼŹԪ½ǵС˻һҲӺɷ򣬲ҪıԼҲԱԼġ
Ԫ̧ͷͦأ˵ưĻ΢΢һЦҲ֪ҹ·ʱԼεС˰˭
֪⺢ӾúܣԪҲӻСԼչ˵ǣԴЩٸҸ뺷ϱ
̫뺷ѹסҸŴСϱá
Ҳ̫У̫һ۸ô졭
ϾԼģҪǽ۸ȥڴ
ԪһĶˣûĶã󺺾ųӻ
Ԫ˵͸󺺳һ⡣
һֱųӸˣԪҲʵϵˣͺá
ԪЦû£Ҹѳէģ罻ãԺ鷳ĵط
ʲô鷳
˼Ҳ붼ûѿڶ

Ԫһ£û뵽λɷĴ󺺾Ȼֱף˼⣬ѰΡ
󺺿˿һ⣬ֿ˿Ԫͼˣܸɴá
󺺴ӹԪһߣĿʱ˹Ԫıϡ
ܿԪǰ;ۼһȺˣʼʵСֵܣôġ
ҰǮһһǮһƱҪǮͰ
ԪıۣΧ˶ʱһ
ʵ̫Щ
ëǮһﱨֱӹһࡣ
ĶĻУϾҪƱƱһһҲܷ⡣
Ϳס壬ٶǮҲûá
ܱ˵㲻
Ԫ࣬Ҫ١

Ԫ࣬ǮҪҪ
ȣæҪҪ
̫ˣòһ´ֲ֪ȵʲôʱȥ
Ԫ˵ظ˸⡣
˿Ԫ˹Ĵһ㶼Ǹ⣬û뵽µͦ׼ݵġ
˵һзˣܿеڶ
һ⣬ûñþ⣬ջʮǮʮƱ
Ԫ붼û˼ʮǮ
ĶʮǮЩ£ʲôҲûҪƴǣȴԪܾ
Űɣһ˶ʮʣµʮǮƱôԺǮĻỹš
ﴧŶʮǮ޿ֻ˶ƶƮţһô࣬һø͡
Ԫ궫ʹŻȥλձѵĴ󺺻˳ӣ˳˵˵顣
Ѵ˵һһ㶵ģҲѼ˵һһ㶵ġ
ڻؼҵ·ϣʵûͨԪʵｫôõӪԼʮأֻʮˡ
ԼǮô͸Ԫ˳ȥ۲ѡ
ԪԼļҡҡͷǮˣķսˣƲģûиɽٶǮҲزס
ɷôĳкбڣǾܰɳڳҲãҹ·߶ˣǻײġ
ҧҧԼ治Ԫ࣬ӹ˼Ѿô࣬Ƿɴˡ
ֺϹԪ֣үΪλýï֡
ԪļͷһЦ֮ĲޣѲ⣬ԺҲѦ֣´μǻܶЩʵ
Ŷɵɵص˵ͷܾúˡ
ʵԪ໹иԭûи˵̫Сҹس˯߲㣬Ӱ췢
лҪ˵ǣϸĵһ찡


18 ̼
ǧŰЩĻ֮˦ִũ
νũǴ£ȻǼҪõöࡣ
Ȼο䣬һ·ԹƵطҲ˵Ǻõط·ȫࡣ
δ˿̵ԹȫԴԪ࣬ΪҪڻתվȵԪ𳵣ҲΪʱ̫һЩĲע⡣
ڻվԪһӡ󣬽ȵ𳵶ҪˣҲûӰ
˻ֲ֪ԪλһڽڳȥңԭͲ˸ߵǵһЩעⲻ˵һȺǡ
£ȻпܹԪˣ߻ûг
ⲻ͵ͬ
˴µȥ񣬽ȫùԼȥ
ҵԪ࣬Ҫÿ
ӻվũһκԶľ룬ʱûй˺óһ·ſһ˻ţһǮŰصũ
ũģܴԿѳﲻͣлάԱʱޡ
ȻһװഺŮ·ǵһЩȽСﶼ׷ͶȥҵĿ⡣
ũһˣǰ󣬾Ͱ˸ũİ칫ҡ
Ԫڿεĵһ۾;ʮֵۣڶ۾Ϳʼɻδʣ󷽷д
ͬ⻶ӭ㣬ũĸˣԪ١
ЩţǴзɵĽ㣬ͦӢģԪٶһ¡
ֻһԪٵüͷ΢ŵһ¡
ǵεıдţΪŬűƼũģղֵʱֱдĻҪϸ
һŬµܹģ
ԪδһʺţڻǲǱ˶ˡ
ɵһ£Ԫٴ˿̾ϵɵ㡣
࣬˵һһֻһɲһɲô³װǽһ֬ơ
ũˣּˣټ֣ɫûһɫˡ
ȸ˶Ҫˣ
ԪٲɫĽθٺãص칫ңָܵдһţҴ˱棬Ҫ󳹲εĵϸ
*
ԴӹԪɽϴ֮󣬹ʱʱļһЩҰ
ͣʳһһãɫҲʱ򣬺ÿ֡
ⲻԪڼһѧϰ
Ԫ࿴С԰׵ɫЦѪſڿɣ˳ҿŵˡ
Ȼǵ֪ԺӣǰҲڣζŲżǻй·ġ
˹Ԫɱʱ򣬶עΧĻ
԰ɫȥСԺΧһȦû˺󣬴ݼѧϰԪɱַ
Ȼи˴Ӽ֡
С֪ࡣ
һЩĸˣһˣüŨķԽס
ĽŲŵһ٣æعͷӲشкڴ𣿡
Ķ˺ǲ߲ӲãķԻ̫Ϥ˽Ӵࡣ
ƽԪɽϼעעΧû·˾Уû뵽컹ġ
ԪﴦζûɢȥĽſ֪
ڹ𻨼ЩڣЦЦС֪࣬ţҲģҹ֪ġ
ڹ𻨽߽ĽŲܸоԼ
Ҳ֪ղѵԪû
ڹûע⵽ĽţŲСԺ̤ȥ
ʱڹǰڨЦʵڴ¡
ڹ𻨲⼾Ϊǽ͵ҹ֪Ҽӿ
װû˵ӣߣŶг
ڹҲſЦ˵ô鷳ֱӸ֪˵ǡ
òУûӦּһʱ䲻֪ôá
ֻһģڹš
һƿԪվſڡ
ڹ⧲ԪһӦ֮æЦǹ֪డ鷳һˣҼӽ첻֪ôˣһֱŽжۡ
ڹѲԪ˵Щ˼еӡ
ԪûҲûоܾӹһţ˳Լҽҩ䡣
ڹ𻨳˻˼ۣң̵ùؾصĴ·䡣
ǳ￴ûʲôȴڴϡ
ڹʱڹһ¡
ҴҲй֪࣬ûλ֪฻ԣڣ˼ҶǺü˴պһڹ
Ԫҽҩڶǳ㶵ڹ𻨣΢΢üһ߰ɡ
ڹŻſӸڹԪ
·סļǰԪ˸OKġ
ƼһЦ֪Ԫ㶨˷Ļ˳ԪҰﶼڱְѱ¡
ſ￴Ұä
ζԪòľڣζȻеģǲֻ߽վſڣȥŻпܲ
˲ͷ亹ͷֻýһһķ顣
ʵǴ̼
Ԫൽڹ𻨼ңҺӻŶڴϴԪһ
ⲻ󣬾ǳĶԶˣﳤ˻׳棬ռʱûҩӦУԺҪúӺˮˡ
ڹ𻨻æԸȥҩֶԹԪǧл
Ԫڰ־ʹҽҩȥˣʱ·迪ңһϵҲòˡ
˳һϵ߲ˡ
迪һҸлУԪִһۻ˼ҡ
ֳȥض飬ӻ̹ͦġ
ֻǹԪ಻֪ڹ𻨼֮߳ڹ𻨾һֱڼ˼
ϱʲô
ڹ𻨿ЩηηϱЩϣ׻û˵ʲôʵù֪ô
ڹϱһ⣬ǿЦ˵аɡ
ӾģǸѧѧҽģӦȱǮ
ڹһ䡣
šڹϱӦһЩ顣
ʵǶӺöŮϹʱ˼ڹ֪ϣҲ⣬ǵţҲΡ
ڹתתֽ˵ǲ֪ҽȥԺʱҿڹأлйζǶӳԵм
ǶӼǹֵĻһɵͷٰʮģӶͰ͵ģﻹǮ⣬֪бǮҲʣ˵ܸҼС÷
ڹ˼ҪԼŮ޸Ԫࡣ
ϱȴвͬ뷨ҿ֪ӳߵýǶӳϱҲ޸֪ɣС÷ǲеԶ
ڹҲûС÷֣
лҪ˵̼
ʹ̼ˣԺи̼ģסҿ㣡
һƵĿóԣ

19 Ӫ
ӦԪˣҲǸɵӣԪ˵úǮԷһ롣
֪ûеڱ¡
ԪӦǿĺбԲŻѡ
ͬԹԪ಻֪֪ףҲȫš
ԪͼһǴӳģǴźеͷʲô£ƨɣɽ룬Ϧˣһ̯̯ʰɲС
һСܣȥ߲ӸҲïѦĵϸˣԺҲȥ
Сܵͷ˳ȥȥ߲ӻ˼졣
ϸϸ棬ϴûŪ⽯ïѦȴˣǾģϡ
ŶӹҿۣȻһ£ɵúܺãȥɡ
µ˼νǿĵˣûзԼϴʵʶ֡
Ҳ˼˵ûж飬˽ïѦϣҲȻаѱУͿ԰Ǻ
峿컹ûԪ˵ýͷĵص㣬ȻԪ༾ѾڵȺˡ
ˣ
Ԫû˵ֻǰѱﴦõݹȥ
ǵһκҾͰﶼˣԺЩɶԼϾڴ㡣
ԪҲ漾ǣ⺢ѪֵСڼҴǳϿֵֻ̿ġ
ϾӻСҪһĽġ
СС;˵£ﲻˣҲҪεġ
Ӿ鷳
ûӵĴ㡣
ű⣬۾ɢ⣬ڹԪ˵Ļû⡣
ȻǺвٻᴦЩģһݻƣϲء
Ԫˡ
ʵҪĶء
æȡԪ֮ǰίĶ㣬û١
Ԫϸˣ˲Ȼһ࣬ίĶûп˿ۣ͵һЩƷˡ
УԺÿｻǮҲÿһûɡ
ǹԪŲҪһһᣬм¾͹ˣʱеļ۸϶
𿴸󣬵һ켷ѹǮ͸ѩƵģԽԽࡣ
ǲںЩǮԵĺں
͵庢ӿˡ
ûйԪö࣬ڴӦû⡣
ȹԪһߣһ˲ϲ̵شˡ
СǸģʣϴ⽯ïһӵģΪҪɽϽнӣӺһӾǲԶвթ
ͷϣСһ˵˼һ̣ȻСܵԴһƣթͷëЩ˼ǵǺе˻Բ֪ĵϸѡԶӽӡ
Сһ˵ҲеһĴȣ֪ˣͽ԰ϴ󡣡
ţ
۾Ҳһղôһ˵ھСһӹô˼Լˡ
Сܶʱƨϴǰ⽯ïĵϸïٴҲ벻ǾȻļƲȫˣд󡣡
ƵƵͷȻͷСĻܲסСܵĲʺƨĵ̹
Ժ鶼Ҫı󶯣ëë꣬Ȼͺ˵Ȧס
˵ԾԼ仰ˮƽ˵üߣȻһ˵СܵƨԼŪõúܡ
꣬Ԫż̤峿¶СԺ
ͿʣѡӵɽͷϽӣͲǷǵʵݶ߳ŭô
ŪԪʲôϷǰ컹ҪѦʵ¶
ԪһݾʹŽïĶ˳ʼ緹죬пԼĽûд
⺢ѧᶯԽˡ
֮ǰӣҲǳȲѣѾȷҪٲҴžûбҪˣϾ˴⣬˼һ֪¶Ҳһʾã˫Ӳεһ
ƶǶֻúøӣѶ֧Դ˾䣬˼û˼ء
Ԫܹ࣬ɡ
˵ԪѾϴһƻ˼У̫࣬Ըƻ
еƻ͸ӲԪΪʲôҪ߼Ǯ˰ƻмʲôġ
ö˶˵ƻʲô˵Բ
űߣССҧƻĶڵѪƻͻǮǮҲյġ
Ԫ࿴żüͷƻĿɰӣסҪյĳ嶯
ȻԼɫ˵㣬ϻûж⣬Ҫཱུջࡣ
ıԹҲ⣬Ժÿһһƻ
ҪӪ⣬ҲУҪˮάأȻ
ʱԪ̾ǰҽԺĺҽԺͺˣҽѯѯӶҪעʲô
뵽ҽԺԪһ٣Զھǵļ̸ѯʰǵºˡ
Ȼģ½ˡ
ҧƻһ٣ĿɿڴضŹԪ࣬ΪʲôҪһƻһҲ̫˷ˡ
Ԫ಻๵ûΪʲôͳԡ
ܸԸִֵĺӽͣһͻǮҪ۵֪ĻΪ۸ӡ
Ŷ
һ˵ˣҧƻĶᣬ׽ҷ
̵İƻ꣬Ԫָָõһ
Σӵצץ𼦵ȴСıһ£䵽ϣʱŵͬһȣһ𲻸Ҷ
ԪһϹļ°Ѽǰˣµݵǰ
ĽӹݴŲСżʵĶޱСġ
Ϊ꼦ܽѣճ꣬Ԫֵһõ
׳Եûļ룬Ԫǰ˾ɱ֣
һ緹ԵùԪ༫Ϊֽ̹һСӪ⣬СԼҲԵͦĵģҲͷˡ
극Ҳ˸ȥϹˣȴСԺ淢֣һˣɫ黨׵Ůվſڡ
һԪ͸Щ
ԪҲû⣬ǰʵ¡
С÷Ԫ쵽ӸȵͷӬص֪࣬ͬһͬȥϹ𣿡
ΣüʱԹԪ༷üŪһˡ
ԪûпЦͻȻЦʵС÷ͬ־Ҵ𣿡
С÷˲ɵۣ䶼Ťص˵ͷ
ҲɵۣԪҪС÷ɡ
ԪܾˣС÷ͬ־ԲҼҲҶǸܺõŮҲϣиҸĻȻҲҴٳһԣҿԸһκԵ
С÷



20 
С÷Ԫ˵κĻȥоһ顣
ȻԪܾ󣬵ǵûԹԪ࣬ùԪǸͨˡ
һڵͷϣͱڹһʺ򣬡֪Ӧ㴦𣿡
С÷ɫɷףҡҡͷ
ڹ˲йɺɸֵ飬һС÷ӣ˵˵㻹ʲôãö㶼òԺܼ޸ʲô˼ҡ
С÷ҧҧЩίҶ˵ɡɹ֪һǲҪ󡣡
ڹһ㶣զ˵Ρ
С÷Ҿ͵˵ͷ֪;ܾˣ˵Ǹù˵ڻͬ󣬶һҵԶ޲ãżұ۸˶û˳ͷ˵ԸҽһκԵ
ڹǰأĶˣ棬
Ȼء
ȻңϲߵĻǰģϲĻµġ
С÷Խ˵Խ죬йԼ˵ЩģòƵˡ
ڹһŮ⸱ӣﻹ֪ʲô̾ϢӣҲ֪ʲôд󵱻Ů󵱼ޣʲô
ڹ𻨲˵ãһ˵С÷յæҲ˵ˣȥϹȥ
ڹ𻨿Ůܵñӻ죬ʱա
һתŮѾʮˣ˴ͣӵӣûһܹڹ۵ġ
ǺöΪǸҪҪģŪڹ𻨶ǳ׾Ů˼
ýýҲǲɣý˵ûӸģ⸽к˼ͱ˸ȵˡ
ʣ¼ģڹ𻨲ſϣ
ֱ֪˼˼ҹ֪ﲻͬ⡣
ҲǣǹԪԶھǣ̫ԶǮԺŮ۸ˣû취ҳӡ
Ȼ֪ԸС÷ýǾ͹ԣҸʲôģҪ̫ثɲӦ
*
ԪಢϹ·̲ס棬ҪС÷ý
šԪ˵ͷ
ҿҲͦģҪɴýˣֱӸҲͦá
ֻҪ㲻ϲΣ˭Ҷû
룬ԪǲǴ˶󣬾Ͳÿ춢Լ
ͿԵԴϢ
Ԫͣ½Ųۡ
æۣס졣
ţҲ߯˰ɣȻҶԹԪ˵⻰
ҧҧԼԺ˵һҪ˼С
ԪĿתضżͻȻʵ㲻Ҳ봦˰ɡ

գգ۾۽һɨһɨģԪʲô˼
׼Ԫɫ˵
̧̧ϸݵĸ첲ɫ˵СģôöУʮҶ󣬵ʱҲҡ

ǣûС
Ԫ˵öͨ죬߾ֱ֣Լôⷽ롣
Ԫս䵽˫峺ûһ˿ͫϡ
ɿûѡ
Ԫ΢΢ü˵СҪʮˣഺڷĹؼʱǲǵøעһⷽ⣿
ļԪעԼϺæִһڡ
Үˣ
СؿڣղŵѿǣľΣػɣԼಡ
ȻǴɣǿȻСܵĻҪܣ̫ˡ
ȻǱʲôˣһľ仰˵Ԫ࣬ٸһֵϱɻô
еʱϹô
ûȥǼ𣬡ʲôΡ
Ǿûˡ
Ԫһ£ҸʱСϼΣȻӰ췢˵ײӰ졣
ΧϹ˽ԪҲõŴ˵˵ʲô
ûʲôԺл˵
ŶɵصͷҶʡ
Ԫְѻص⣬˵ѽïܸС÷
ȿȿȿȡ
㱻ԼĿˮǺɫ˵ðɣſӹ
㲻ҪҲƸѲǡ
Ԫ˼ҾΪֵܸ岻ݴǵ£ء

ҺֻСܣֵܡ
¶һޱȼѵЦݣ˾ͺá
͹ԪԴţë˵
ڹԪһ־òףС÷ʵ˻ͦģ㿴⹫ÿ춼佯ïʵίЩˣٿɡ
æʹͷֻҪ˾ͺá
*
ڵ￸ųͷɵۺĽïֻñһ
硪
һ˳
ѦһԵĲѣѧҪȥϿɡ
ïѾ˺üˣ̫۵µġ
ïͳ˱ӣЦŰڰ֣û£ǼңҪǸðˡ
Ѧ廹˵䣬﹡سһгǵ˶ƵƵͶȥĽĿ⡣
ӳæȥӭӡ
ʱӳïǰţȥǩա
ïʱϲüңѦҾ˵Ҽ˰ɡ
ïȥǩţʵԱлһ⣬һʣһ˭ġ
ʵԱҲ⣬ӣԪࡣ
ɣǹԪֵܣһӾġ
Ŷ
ʵԱ²ߵӦһҪȥţٲ㣬س춼ˡ
ïǩ꣬óëǮʵԱ˵ֵܣɷҴ㶫Ԫࡣ
ʲô
һۡ
ЩҸʱ䡣
ï˵ѾܻסһСۣذʵԱгϡ
ѦĿɿڴ
ѧôԪһء
ï߲ű߸ѦͣòװѹԪС£ҵס˲С
Ѧ壬
أҲ
ïſ꣬ûЦݣ档
ôˡ
ïҴˣûʶҽԾΡ
Ѧ֪ïһܹиԣȫйٱĴں棬һȥԺïӿ֪
һʱҲ֪ôο
*
ʵԱִӵʱ¹
ԪǩţµۣʵҲǸҵģ
ţһӵĽïģ˵ʲôѼ͸øεա
滹һЩϻʵԱʵ벻ˡ
εֱĶͷԪ඼ˣżͶ
ⲻŸ߹Ԫ࣬ҰҰ
˻Ǯġ
븹һ£תһ룬뽯ïľ綼ࡣ
ԪˣҲðǮ
ïԼ
Ƕòҡ
ʵԱԪ࿴żʵʲôʳ
ͷɣӦϲ
ŹԪǸصصıˣ˶ͷ
ԪüҰӣװӡ
лҪ˵Ԫࣺ̣ӦôΡ


21 ý
ǣҽԺʮӵӢڵԽˡ
һˬˬϴһҲԸҽԺȥˣŹĹԪŴСȥ
˼ĺԺžջ򷼷֣ڽֹ
žջ˵㣬ԥԥԸ񲻳ɣȻǹԪѾ˼͸úһ㣬ȫӵý׹˼ҡ
򷼷Щԥ׼ҴðɣϾǻǮðĺöӵϧԺԪסĶ
žջһںصȻ˹˼ңͲٻˣŮŮʮ꣬Եǽˡ
򷼷ЩԥžջʵڿŴӣΪŮݲа
ȥµĹԪܹʲôϢԺ󻹲ÿŮŮɲ˼ҵѪˡ
СԺŮŮһһǽСģɵС￴ÿ
㲻ᣬȥᡣ
žջ˵꣬һ˦ӣ˼ԪµĶ
˼ĺԺһַﶼܹ֡
һϷǿɶһꡣ
ûţӢõļĸȫȫѪԵϵļӴ㡣
˶ڲ²⣬ӢΪûӣûеŰͽסӣиϵġ
Ը˸׶ӣӻжд̣γá
Ȼ
ӶûסˣӼӵĶ
˵ǰװĸТģ׶ӻñ¶ԡ
´ƽˣģԺ󰡣˭Ҳ˵˭˭ث
̫̫ⴲҲ˰Żµء
տʼֻһЩԪľ·ɶʲô񴲶̧Щ˱סˡ
žջȻҲɵģЩ˵ӣʵԼҸСá
զȻòţȻҪӡ
̫̫Ȼӣ˵Ρ
˼Сֺõضžջ˵
ǰЩ꣬־ӢӳŹԪ࣬ʲôöɾԪ򣬾ǴɶģĶǹһࡣ
ԪȥѧУ飬ʮ²ŻһΣڿµģܱ£ʡǮء
žջܲЩռ˵˼˻֣ǿɲУЩȻҪˣȥҲǲġ
˵ûдţЩй
ӢŹԪһ̤СӾͲԾ
ϲϴϴˣ붫ҶҳĽַȫûڡ
һ˭д·ȥˡ
ǿҵĺģӢҲ˼
˭֪յԼţͿſΧȦȦˡ
˲ˡ
鿴ֿԼͷˡ
Ӵӡ㣬ǶΧҼأôÿҲ¡
ô˵ҳ󲻿Ǽûó£ɩӵҲöס
ΧŹ˼Ҵſ𾢵ˣӢ׷׻ͷ
ǿɲӢ²صզüĸƤװȥˣǿˡ
ɲǣǰ˭ӢǸüĸβͶס¶ˣҪŲ˿Цˡ
ZϫFՈPע
˵ӢҲ̫ҿˣװʮ꣬۲۰
ַĲûӢ߳ŭֻüͷԼֲǶŪģԼŪġ
ҽԺӣҲȥҽԺɡ
ɻ̤ԼԺӣ۾ͿԼָԼ᷿Ķ
ɶء
Ӣžջ
ϻڼңڳư
žջڨЦһ͵ӢӣҿɶΪãȻǹԪѾȥ£ɴͳûȥĺá
ӢЦһע⵽ԺﱻӳĶǹԪ࣬ɫ˼֡
裬ܵҲ̫˰ɡ
ӢŭǵԼ档
žջȫûע⵽Ů棬ЦŵŮҹ㲻Ӧõġ
Ӣŭˣ裬ǹ˼ңңһĸ˰ᶫչ˶Щ˰ɡ
ӢһžջҲ죬ǿ˶ӵķϣΪϡ㣬һ鷳㻹ʶôǺ¿ηΣһŮ
Ӣֱ֣ģϵʮ廹ûˣҼ˲Ҫİٿ飡裬ļİٿ֪־ǹԪǮ
Ŵ￴ֵ棬ҲҪˣ־㵱ȢңΪľտԪԪܵģǮܽģǮƨɣҪ˼Ҷƣ㻹ǲǸ˰
žջںǿܾǮٶ࣬޸־㣬Ǯ־ģ־ԸǮȢ㣬㻹ȥҿܾ۰
ӢһᣬƳŵһԲ򷼷
򷼷û뵽㵽ˣǱӢˣӢִһЦȻӢɩӱС꣬һϣЩûš
еĺӽ򷼷УӢžЦ˵öԣȻҼ޸˹־㣬ҵǮ־ģӽ󣬴红ӵѧҾͲˣԺ㰡Ҳ˼ˣǹ˼ҵ𡣡
Ӣ˵߼ϹԪ鱾·
žջ˲䲻ˣզΣҪˣҸ㣬Ӣûңӻ֪ɶ
ӢֿЦ㿴Űɣ֪жãҵ뿴۰ܸʲôӡ
ӢͰѻһڳԵþԪԪһڳԵģҲԪļҲǼұſܽĶȫҲԹ޻ڡ
žջӢ첲յŮûԣվºݻǾƣ󰡣ɱǰޡ
Ӣߣ˭˭һأҶӱǵӲ֪öٱ
ôҲȲġ
ǿδء
žջһߣӢŵ򷼷ãô֪ǹ˼Ҵô׾ͱ˸ˡ
򷼷ŵˣңҾԪڳҼҲסûԪ뷨
Ӣ˿ΧĽַۣ˭ڱ󵷹ιġ
*
һͷʱιԪûдüЩȥ˵õģΪÿ춼ܴ
Ҳû˵ʲôЩԪú죬źУǼ⻹⣬ǮҲ
żҪߡ
Ԫȴס
벻Ȣϱ
ɶһĨ漴ָϺ˵ĵ˵㿴Ȣϱ𣿡
Ԫɨ˸϶Ļش𣬡ܡ
ͷһԪⲻҪС÷ܸɣⲻ䰡һߴһ׼ôɡ
ٿǮҾ͸ý
Сܶŵһٿ㲻ȥ
Ԫ赭дתߣҲǣ˼ͷҲһܹġ
׼ˣԪ仰̲סһȵȣ



22 
Ĺܼ޸ģ
ĶĶ־òܣʮˣ˼ʮ߰ͷͬ޸ֳģ
Ԫô֪˼ҹﲻͬ⡣
´˼۹Ԫ࣬Żɣܸ˵ɣ
ٿ飬ۡ
̫ˣٿҶ׷ˡ
òٿ飬źѾöˣÿձѶղ٣ټһЩɫ룬һ¸ٿ黹ûġ
ǹԪһžҪȥһǮνۡ
ʵҲȢϱ
һǼߵýҲˣ˭봲иεεϱůѡ
ԥţһʹɫҪӦ
ŹԪڿˡ
ȢϱýǮٿģٿھǶСˡ
ϣܹ㲻Ҫϵ
üŪ۵ģΪ⺢Цʮ껹ûȢףּ
ǰҲû˸˵ý˵Ļ϶Ƕ飬еĻźüӣ˳òƯΣؼһԼͺµҪҪ˲ûȤ
̣Ҳеģʮʱ򲻶£˷˵Ķȥ֡
ÿһж£ûס嶯ȥˣ뱻˷˵סˣȴ١
û뵽Ϊ⣬һӣͷϱȢϡ
˵㣬˵㣬ýǮ̫ߡ
ŹԪֱֺۣ״
Ԫ಻ɫ֣̬Į˵ľͲˡ
ɫѿýȨǻǮȢƯϱֵٻǮȢϱֵ
Ǻɸ֣ʾˣ
ⲻǶɵ
ԥ䣬ƳۣƳǽһ
뵽ǰȢϱĵʱЩ˵ý˺ݶһ飬˲ɫ
ûȢϱƫҪȢϱǳ
ˣٿ飬ٿүģָүϲСֵˡ
Уٿٿ飬ҵȿˣ˳òÿҿɲɡ
ҲɵģɲܹԪƤһͰѻˣ췹󣬲ԼϲģҪưͿ
ιԪûзãҴ˵س㳤ۡ
Ԫһ˵ˣϲ̵ػȥϢˡ
˶
ôǸɵӡ
ɵôٿԪлýǮ
ʲôע·
ųûע⵽µҰ㱻ҺùԪ༰ʱס
Ǻ죬Ͱ͵ص㡭Ǯס
Ԫ಻ЦЦҲһݡ
ң
⣬ʲô¡
ղŶ鳰ҲӦˬ졣
Ԫ뵽ղżһһС飬һʮ껹Ȣϱ˿Цı쾡£Ͳݸ
û뵽ԼСǸϷء
ɶ
ɶʱ򳰷
գһ˫ã
ղڶ˵ǧҪϵ
ʲôʱ˳ˣ
̲סѲڹԪʦͨѧڿӼɣ
*
һü죬Ԫ඼ڹ𻨼ܣǵöˣ׷ۣԪ಻ǿڹ𻨼ҵС÷˰ɡ
ʵϹԪڸڹ𻨺С÷˼빤
ϾֵͰĶǸ˹ƶܡ
ҲǿС÷
С÷ҸϲˣҸĵͬڳ롣
бʹ󳤵òǮ
޹ȥԲµأһԾΪˡ
˼Դ궼ûᡣ
ҪǣС÷ס
óûж飬С÷Сѧҵ
ڹ𻨻ԥС÷ԪĻ˼һҹҵԪ࣬ߴ˵ҡˡ
УȥҶӳ֤С÷ͬ־ҲˣʵЩˣҪ˼׼
С÷ص˵ͷܿˡ
żϿףܾЩ֡
ڶԪʹżС÷ǡ
·ϼС÷һֹ
ͲûֱԸС÷Ԫ಻ǺˣҪС÷ȫûвһ˺ߵصͷҲû
ѼƵòС
˳ĹӪ꣬С÷Ҳɵý
ڹԪͼУаͷۣͦģǲǳÿ¡
̫ͲޣҲʧ
ƿŽǸһװ˾׳󺺣ǵбĵ֮̿⣬ûп֮෴б۵ģụ̂ģͦӢġ
С÷һ˵أҲ
С÷һҲһС÷ַ͵ģȴСұһڿܸɵġ
ֹðᡢ˼ңϲ
һţµһ仰˸죬㲻ң
С÷Ŷҡҡͷ
ʹ󣿡
С÷ٺһȣһСƻӬŲ󡣡
ǽһϲ¾ܳȥԪƸ
سǻȥڹԸٿǮתһƸ񣬵Ҳסˡ
Ǹ
ȻѾͬ⣬ٹһ£չԼŮɲΪǮͰŮӡ
ԪֻǸһڹ𻨵˼ڶ߲ܵС÷Ҹɻ
ʳеһǽһټÿֲ֣ڹֵúϲ£
û͵ͷˡ
Ǯ¾Ͱÿ죬ûʮ죬еͲٰꡣ
»ҹһθܵʲôҸ
С÷ڿᣬ˻غãÿѼʰģϻˮϴš
Ǹôչ˵ģ̫ʱͰﱳɹ̫̫ʱڴ죬˳˫ů͵Ьӡ
ϻС÷ֽʸˣþüⶼٲС÷
һÿվʹŴСĸ
ɰڹϲЦտ
Ϊ˸лԪŮõ£ŵʮһΰ˸ʮĴл
żϹԪ࣬ĳʳʲôġ
ⲻֳ˼⡣
˵⼦⻹ǽԪģȥȥĸңڹָԪһ
⼦˼
ż⣬ԽҲԽòԾС÷ҪҹԪ̸
ôС÷޸˵Ԫ໹׬ʮԪڹ𻨺ѹԪ൱ɴ˿
⡭
ⲻǰˣתؼˣ˻С
˻ӿֲ˹
ͻȻļЩ졣
õõһٿ顣
Ԫ˵Ǯһ־ͷָ˼һ١
еһٿǮͻȻͣˣˣ־ˣ
ү´λ¡



23 
ȰȰһڿռĵѧϰ֪ʶѧߴǷû٣ܼ
л緢ֵˣһȫĻۣȥˡ
̫ˡ
ֿд÷ĺöϸѧһ֡

װ崫Ϥ
ȰȰ˲Ͷе鱾ıװǰ
ֻ۷ϴϸϸ۷첲סŴ͡

ô˵񣡡
Ȼ˺ܾãȰȰﻹһСԹῴкŬ
ȰȰȳбο
ϹԪ˯㣬һϤĶ
ڰУյ˫Ȼ¶һ˫
ֺܿϡ
뵽ʶռ䡣
ʶռﻹӡ
һһԵİװ壬һֻŵ۷䡣
һΪϴα֮Ӧò˲ǣû뵽ͦǿ
Ԫһ
ɲΪԴͻȻһĶǺ顣
һֱĵų⡣
ΪϴԵ޹ʱ磬С۷䱻Լˣˣ뿪£û뵽ء
ȰȰȸղŻĵúϲ£ЦգʱʧӰ١
ԪţǾǱͷˣߣȻǲܴϰġ
ȰȰȱȫûע⣬˵ÿǻԲͨԪһֲ䡣
Ԫ򢣬ЦǼǸߣ㲻Ҳʧ
ȰȰ˲䷴ӦղõĲǼʱյԡ
ϢʱСͷҲЩᣬҡҿЦġ
˵껹ֺðܵԪ£һ˫Ĵ۾ŹԪࡣ
Ԫ಻ΪС۷Ӵ򶯣ýŸ˸ϣȻѧԣ͸˵˵Ǿʲôġ
ȰȰȲΣΣԪ࿪ʼ
ãҽаȰȰȣǷɴٳϵͳľΪҪɷϵͳ񣬽ɽеס
ȰȰȵĽͣԪ಻þϲüͷЩǮ𣿡
ȰȰȺܹɵصͷ˳㻹ؽһ䣬֪ڼٿǮ˵ʲôֻҪұ֤ǮԽԽġ
ԪٴЦһŵϵС۷ʵΪԵȥ𣿡
ȰȰȲ׹Ԫ˼ǵͷǿԵģҿΧһǧ׷ΧڻĿƼҳȥ̫עĿˡ
ǾǿˣɣҸһ٣Ҹɣ˽˳ҵĹҲΡ
Ԫ԰ȰȰĹʣ˿Ȥ԰ȰȰȺȤ
ɶ
ȰȰһͷûֱˣɵ۵ؿ
ֻǴ򹤵ģûйǸܹ򹤵ġ
̫ãԼѡ̫
ҡû취ǵֽҰ
ȰȰίͰ͵ؿ
Ԫʼ粻⡣
ȰȰٴޱϵؿŹԪ࣬Ĳһ𣬺ܼ򵥵ģεĵɵúܺá
񣿡
Ԫ΢΢ۣһԵİװ塣
ȻϤ֣롣
ʲԪͬºøУɣһгƱ
ģŮŮøУδɣ
Ůǣ
Ů֮ӣģľߡ
ԪһǾͻзɣһ־ͱΪˣ
ȰȰȸܵԪĲãĵغȴԪһץסĺ󾱡
˵
ȰȰһȫгһ¿磬Ƿϵͳֻϵͳµһӹ˾øһƬ򣬾ִз񡣡
Ԫഽ΢΢һִ֣Ŀʲô
ĳҲ˵Ůɹ·ϵĽѣֻоѣŻɳǰŮȻҲġ
ȰȰȱ˵߿ԪɫԪɫԽԽڣ˵ԽԽ͡
Ԫһʲô
ȰȰ̧Դ˻ᣬʱ֮ʱ˵ʱ򣬿Ի֡
Ԫüһš֣
ĺӣֲڻߵͿԳɳΪһ硣
ԪˣԽ˵ķչԽã
ȰȰȵͷ
˵ϵͳ˾ͻбˡ
ȰȰȼֱϥǣⶼܲµǵġ
б˵𣿡
Ԫ򢣬ͷ΢΢һ壬ǵóʱ⺢ƺʶԼʶ
᲻ᡭ
ȰȰһ񶨣ôܣ³磬ϵͳ˵ĹϽڣôܴý
Ŷ
Ԫˡ
һ⣬Ů˭Σ
ԪͻȻ뵽֮ǰεʱ򣬰ȰȰԷӦ
š
ȰȰƴͷ
ֲŮȫ¶͸¶һֵζԭ˶
Ϲ
Ԫ࿴Űɫ壬һ˵ûȤҲûлˣǵŮѾȥũϵĻⱲӶˡ
ʵԡ
Ԫ֪ȰȰ˵ʲô־ܾԣ㿼ǵ⿼Ǻû
ʲô
ҳ
˴ȵĶС߻ͦġ
ȻС۷䣬ǲǻСԸʲôġ
ϵͳ=߳
ȰȰȱԪͫ׶ţܾڴʲôõ̡
ͬ⡢ͬ⡣
ΪС룬ͬ˵
ȰȰһֱܺԪôҵǸߵģõϵͳҪַˣֻĲء
Ԫ˳ʶռʱ֪ȰȰȵ뷨һ˵˾䣬ǰϲоһ顣
ֻһ仰ðȰȰŵû겻塣
˳ʶռ䣬Ͳˡ
ԹԪС÷˳󣬹ԪһԾΪ߲ӵ
Ů˼ңͶ˹Ԫࡣ
Ԫ඼ܾˡ
С÷ýΪ˽һһ
ýʹڸԼˡ
ĻС
СΪһٿǮֵÿ춼üġ
Ԫ಻֪ΪΣһɼĳɾ͸кС
ӵȤɡ
Ԫ뵽лһЦһļһʣϲ𣿡
ߣʲôߣ
ûѣ̶ͷϣ𼸸ëһ۾ָ촦ſӣڿۣԪʻССĴ˸Ƿ
˵˵ߣ
ԪҲ֪ôݰȰȰȣʹ˸
ŵ۾˲󣬳˵ߡ
Ǳд֣һʵ
һ²Ų԰ֽȫѪҺסˡ
ݴŲش𣬡ϲ
Ӧĵ룬Ԫܿӵ˶ˣ˰ɡ
лҪ˵ԪࣺС



24 
ȥϹˡ
ʵǱԪŵòᣬæ緹׶ûйʹҴææܳȥ
ѾʮѮ¶Ȼ½ӭʹһˬķ磬εüձ
һɫµʱô˸
ףһ뵽Ԫûͷûβʻŵû겻壬ͷ
ͨʱĽӴ˽⵽Ԫһ۲۵Ĵħͷɡ
κһ£Ϊ
һʱ䶼ڱԪࡰչˡ˵غĵطԼǮü
Ԫ಻Ǹ˸ӣͷɡ
񱻡߲嵶ĽïԼٿ˸ϱл˷ӵĴɵ
ԽԽе
ԪȿǰһøУȺøжȱͣͰӡ
ԼĺøжǲҲҪԪˡ
ԽϾͲԾһ亹
Ӧ졣
Ȼ͵ˣ
Ȼ黢СҲõ
ҧŴߵЩС·͵СӣôŲӡ
ͻȻһ
ǹԪСܣԪôö֣ûпܣԪĻֻڰʾ
е
ߺпڰʾɫĿˡ
ϾڹԪ˵˲ǵ
ûë
һ̾þԼˡ
ֻǸȥĶĿأ
ļַ
СһƿҲǱѵģһҹͻȻ£˲һ顣
سѧŮûޱ·
ɲɰԽˣûк·ޱ
һŮ˻
ʰŮĺ·һޱŴ͸Ůȥ
漴üͷһ壬ڵŵӺͲ˻Ƕӳϱǲλ
Ҫ֪Ǽˮ˵ӶӳְҲǷһġ
ӳÿ¶йҲġ
Ϊ㲹˺۾ҪѪˡ
Ǽһֱսսģ±˸ץѱȻһЩСҲ£һݵģ̫Ҳá
ںСԥ֮ʱǰһӰʱĻŭš
С
С֡
Сסֻǰȥ
СʰĶһԵСȥسǵѧУתŮ𡣡
˵꿴˿Χûˣѹѹﲻ㹫֡
á
ûоܾ
߲ӣܶӳ򸾶չˣСæҪġ
Ŷˮ˿֤سѧУȥ
Ȼ˴ѧسĸлʦϿεġ
ѧҲ࣬һҲʮѧ
û취˶ֵöʦȥŪۻ
ЩʦʵǲѧûѧУҲάֲȥ
س߶
ΪǶӳ
˶ӳ׶Ҫԡ
żŮһֱڡ
󣬾ֱ߶ȥ
ש߷ңʯͷΧĲٳһųţôǸѧУѧУ
ѧУֻѧ治Ĳٳʣµȫڽ￴顣
üĽѡ
ҲĻһǻҪٱ
ϧǼͥʵûʲôˡ
ûϵ
Ǳ֪һϢ
ָ߿껹ʱ䡣
ץסᣬû׼ܳΪһѧ
ѧţߵĶ𾴡
һƬȡ
ȻҲԼʲôѧҪǮ
⼸꣬渴ϰŬǮȡϴѧѼһһ
ţӭײһȫ鱾ѧ鱾һأлһϡ
Բͬѧ
վ죬æȥ˰鱾
ûµͬѧԼСġ
һůüϤһ̧ͷˣʱǰһ

ϱӸŮԵĶŮ䡣
һ˲
ϱڿŮĵ磬һ䣬û뵽ͱθǺϣ˾ٱߺȥũ
˲Լȥˣݡ
Ųȥũ
ʱũ˶Ρ
ŮνãͽΣû˰˵ֻ𣬲ѣӭѶϣߡ
ϧߣбд޴ΪŮġֱ̡Ӹѹ
Ȼ䵽Ͷ
Ƕʵ̫ڰˣڼһֱûججģǲ̫塣
д
ΨһֵǮһֻдһżȥңļ˹ʬ
һֱܸл
ԭˣǮˣȥһũ취ⱲӲҪŮԡ
û뵽Ⱳûȥũ˵ڴӶӳŮ
ֱ̫ˣ
㣡
̫ûסѿڶ
Ͳ󣬻Ϊ³ѧѧܣҲû⣬ѧʶң
ǡ˼ҡҡͷҲѧ·ŵ߲ӵ֪࣬˵콵£Ҹޱ·
Ŷͷ漴Լ΢΢һЦǸм̫лˣЩ䣬ÿ漰ʱ
л
Ͼϱʵҽû
ԣʵҽܻ

Ԫ֪ȥͱ죬ͰѸͻؼˣС䡣
û뵽һһֱɵ֣ƽʱ˵úݻˡ
ԪᵽһɲѰζ

ѵѧУϲˣ
üͷ𣬿ϲˡ
ȻûȹԪôΣҹȴԾ
Ԫڵһյú͵ƣߵߣֻ⺢űӣɪɪ
һͷ˵
ǰû״˷硣
Ԫıӣҵڲŷ޻ö඼ˡ
⺢ӣͱ죬ԼıҲҪ˲֪𣿡
ԪһŭҲ˲࣬һѺᱧ
һüĶšһ̫ᣬôãû֡
˷ԼϣǺñӡ
ȥȡҽҩ䣬ҳҩƷͲ׼롣
ҩЧ̫ҩЧã˶ɵˡ
ŪҩԪͰѼ˸棬ϸֻƿ䣬Ὣ¶һڽ׵ļ
ӹԪĽǶȿܿϸϸĹɹӰڰڣջ
ǹԪ˿ȫûעЩһĶǰƨ.ɣ޻պŵĵطš
ŷգ֪еģ˯˷壬˿̸Ǿƨ.ɴһ
ԸˣԼ˯ҲͰˣӣۣ뿴Ǹ
ͷһԪͲϾҪƨ.ˡ
Բۣ飡

25 
æһ, ûסѿڶ
Ԫжĥɱ¿
ǻûиɫµ, ڰҹעʲôֵֹҩƷ
ҹһܼ̫
, Ͳˡ
Ԫ౻ͻȻһ, ֺذ
С˶Ҫġ
Դ뼫Ϊµʱ
˭֪ãһӺµý
űӣڽ, µҧŴ, ۿת
ʲôдͺˡ
ʬ嶼ˣ֪ûˣܲ
, ûһ¾ͺá
Ԫ໹Ϊֻǵĺ´룬΢΢һ, Ϊ˵
֪˿ú͵ưƵĵƹҫ£һⷺźâͲ, ΢΢Ŵ, һʵܳаҽ
˵ػﲻ֪ڴʲô⡣
ϱǴɵĹԪһģһ
ǽϻֳԪ޴Ӱӣ˵ѹȸиǿ
ҧŴݶڴŬԼҪޣҲҪ, ˫ֽקűӣ׼ȹԪһñӰѹԪסܡ
ԪµСģʵûסЦˣ´룬ĵֻϴС𣿡
ҵС
һȥһڣ
ǴݷＷЩ
ҪˣӲһأֵˣҲֵЩ

Ԫȫû׼˵ʲô
Ԫಢûǿȸע䣬һŵӵȻҪǻҪԱٴ룡
ϱӣǰǶμ䣬̹ģⱲҲҪ
Ԫôóԡ
һٺõҲ
ţֹס䡣
ĵġ
һ뵽ԪЩʳԺҲԲˣͶĵûš
ôһˣΪ˱̬
Ԫ಻Ҫͺˡ
ɶԸ⡣
С˵˵žͿˣԪüһš֪ǸЦǸָ˭˵ġ
ҹ϶ʲô¡
ŲȥǻɭɭͲ
ϱӾɵģҹȥע䣬˵ڶˡ
˭ҹñ˯ʱٸͲ͵͵˴룬ǰܲ£
ԪֱЦãԼ֣
űӣ粽
ɵڷղ֪룬ٵȥֻȥҽԺˡ
Ԫ඼ҪЦˣôĺӣҪܵȵڡ
ŵԼĶͷ
ûаġ
һ˿亹
ɻŹԪࡣ
ԪЦ㷢վֻͷ
ԪΪ˽ͼĽ䱸ģֻðע£ֵݵǰ
Դ̽СԪơ
뿿档
ûƭ˰ɡ
ԪʱѼԿ˿涼װЩʲô
˲˼ͦࡣ
е뺦
ѣʮˣ
Ԫ׿вʵʵ뷨ЦԼš
ԥ룬ӱԪǰ
ʱŷ֣ڹԪĴϡ
ʱķһ롣
ԪҪɱˣҲҪԼĴɱˡ
˵ղţñôôůͣԭԼİ
߇رԪ࣬΢΢̧βֵղŶԲ𣬲㻹㣬ۡ
ģҿרҵģ죬Ūġ
ԪЦѣʹѣ¡
ȻСӾС
Ԫ˵ɣʱòУһ꣬Ѹ޻ѹסס

׼˰죬ҧгݣǰۣԴʹֱԪ඼ˣûиоʹ
ĲʹҮ
档
תͷŹԪѹסѨλ˲̺˶Ҫˡ
Լɡ
СƨƨԪĴָţһֲ̫õĸо
ˣϢȥյˮԵҩ
Ԫƿ˼֣Ŀͷ˳
֪ôģʶ˹ԪĻĺ󱳻ûаŴͷӦ
԰ֲĴ
˲ЦһһǻԼĴ˯ɡ
ԪĴ˯
˭С˯紲ϣⲻ͵ͬռȵ
κһ綼ϲС·ϵİɡ
ο˯ռ̵¡
һֱĵ׸Լκʱ򶼲ڹԪǰġ
ԪѼıӳԼıϣں˵û£ˣһ˯ů͡
ҪԣҪ
˵ԴͱԪ࣬˲䲻˵Թš
翪ڣСܲҲӡ
ҩ˯Ҳ죬°ҹ¶Ⱦͽˡ
Ԫһ
ͱչļѡ
СֽŶúܡ
üͷ
ֻ庮˲Żֽű⺢СС;͵庮Ӱ췢ɡ
˿̹ԪЩġ
ѼС̽ԼĶƤϡ
ôȵ¶ȼСţȶȸ
Ȼ˯ܲæµ˰ϣԪƤҲЩ֧ŲסƤ˳˯
峿һĨ΢ŷʹ룬ҫһܰ
˯һֱʲôѹΪΣֱΰѼָоûʧ
ۣ۾һ覵ؿڣյγһÿ
Ф˵˹Ԫ࣬ûڱϿ˾µ
ȻǴ˼ҳү
඼ƽͬ
Ը̾һ£֪ԪչһҹڼԼԪҪɱ
ͺ޲ðͷڴȥ
Ҳ֪Ԫƽס
̫ˣ
Ԫ಻лʵбֳĶڳˡ
˼ֶ࣬ɣκ˶Ρ
𿴹Ԫڶһ¶ɵ㣬ԻᱻԪùǻҶʣ
ÿԪסͬһ£ĵĸ֪
ʱ᲻֪ԹԪĿ־嵱ȥ
ʵҲеԲԪࡣ
ѽˣһһɡ
ץץͷҷ³ѹԪࡣ
죬Ԫˣ۾ͷƬʶĶͷ
Ѿˣٳһҩܺ꣬費Ҫҽ١
ʵԪ಻ͬڼҴڣðվҪȥ˶ͺʿŻõÿ졣
ܹлϢ϶ܿĵġ
ҡҡͷãҵĻͲۣͷ٣׾ͷֲʲôˡ
˵żͳȥԼǮݸԪʮǮͦ˼ضԹԪ˵ҽҩѡ
ԪͫУҲûоܾ
˵ӵʮʱòҪܾģȻ˵Ա
Ǯˣнһ㽲һΣ׼׼
ԪպǮ룬һǲҪȥˡ
Ͼ۲⺢ӣе㲻
˵
ʮĺӣഺʱ򣬵ǼȫȫûС
ȻҲпΪ⺢ٷգǷ治ǿҡ
ǹԪƽʱҲ⣬û͵͵ϴڡ㡣
ѵഺڻû
Ӧð
Сٶʮꡣ
Ͼʮˣûⷽ뷨Ļ
ĪǲƤе
ഺڳ
Ҳûܰ
Ԫһ˼ƤҲһ㣬ⷽĻĺá
Ԫ漾ȫĿǵϡϣǰοǽȥˡ
û취ԼĺӣҪൣ㡣
Ǳ˵Ļһġ
ȫ֪ԪѾഺ⿼ǣ֪ĻһͳԼ߹Ԫ಻Ҫ̫ࡣ
õúܣ
ϧ֪
ãţɶΡ
ѾǵһԪӦһҪ¡
ȿȡ
ԪĿһ֪ˣԺкôġ
ðɡ
ȻԪ«ʲôҩֻҪǹԪѹ飬ǲĻ
кùӳԣ
ڼշպãϹʱ򣬹Ԫǻչһ
ʹڲĵطǹ֣ǰѼǷһˡ
ˣɽΧҰﶼܵɽȥˣֻżЩʳĻԪͲ
һЩСԪҲ׼ͷѬãرȥ
ĵȻǺȱǮƱȱģ̣꣬Ҫⲹˮʱ
ǲڵʾ֣ԪѬһʵݻȥˡ
ô⣬ʵҲܲסЩģһŰĵַ˳ϣ˵⣬ԪԼҲ鷳ȥ
ǵȥʱһͬȥɡ
ֻίһˣڵӹ׵ˣһչ˺õġ
ҪȻ
ԪජǽϹŵѬ⣬ҪȻҸ߲嵶ֵܰæ
Ѭ⣿
ԪһؼҾͶͷϵƣΪԡ
ԪҡҡͷⶼԲЩѬġ
ֻ뵽ÿ⣬ȴһܳԵЩꡣ
ȻЩ˲Լģռ˼壬ҲоһΡ
ǶԼҲܺá
һһǹԪµķ
Ҹ㽲Ρ
Ԫͷջأҳһ֧ǦʺһŰֽ
ֻðСӹɵڹԪԡ
ȴԪǦʣɿֽϻܿһԵĹԾȻֽϡ
ܿͲԾˡ
νΣǽĹɡ
Ȼų⣬ܾеֵֹġ
Ԫ಻Ե޹ʾ͸ͨ졣
Ȼ
Ԫ໭˹صڲĲλֻ

üࡣ
ҽĹȻǲһ
ѾģֲλϸھȻǵһϸϸ
˿̼ԼԼزԪνξɡ
ĶǼ̺
ߵ飬˹óе㲻̫ðɡ
Ԫһ£ȫûкͲ˼ڣü־ÿԼ̫ࡣ
Ԫ໭ʱҲִͦ١
ϱΪҽԺѧУȥЩڶѧӽΣԼǧ˵ʱûӹ
ڲһΣ죬ǲܵ£ԲԾʹ뵽ϱϿʱ龰ȥ
ͬ־ѾǸҪʮɬкഺڵ֪ʶ˽⣬Ҿͺúø㽲ϣܹȷʶԼ
Ԫƽ˵̬ȣת
ҲɵΣ
ഺҲ巢ʱڣҲ10-14ڼ䣬ǵһЩῪʼԵı仯
Ԫ˵žָֽǲĲλ
ʶؾ¿ȥ
̵Ҳ̵
ûнഺǰһ뷢ͻͻͽԳһЩǰûйҲġ
ڶĳֺXܳ졭
ͬ˵Ϻӣͷȵðˡ
Ҳ벻
Ԫ˵ξȻ
̫ˡ
Ԫޱ齲󣬼ûʡ
Щŭ
ʳָָڣðʣüעת
ͬ־Ҹ˵Щ㶼ȥ𣿡
Ͱ͵ȥˡ
Ԫ࣬ظһ顣

Դһգڰ
Ԫ΢̾һ¸˵һ顣
¼˵ֻ䶼ʼðˣҲ̵ȻЩ̵ĵط
Ԫ֪ȥˣĲ٣Եٺࡣ
ССĨġ
£ܿͲںˡ
û׼󵨸ˡ
˵ģԪ໹Ҫ˵Ѿ˽Լ壬һҪ㣬ܹȣҲܹľͿʼ
ԽԽ¡
Ȱò㣬ҷйҲ㡣
̫ˡ
ƵֱͷֱԪ˵꣬ϴűӣȫ𣬱ŹԪࡣ
Ԫ౻СŪһĪչȶһŵıһСݸһЦ
Сء
࣬˯ȥ
˯㣬ɿ˼ˮС
һֱ
ƫƫָԪ˯һŴϣֲҶܡ
ţҲ硣
Щ졣
һǰ·绨ѩµΣǲ֪ΪΣÿ½ʱ
ǰŮӵزͱñƽޱȣµǣŮѹ£
µǣȥŮӵʱ֮ǰǺӣ󶼻ݱɹԪ
ŵüһ飬˹
ڴŴ
̫ˡ
ܹԪӰ̫Ȼ˵ز
ζûзŹ
ԪĿ֮
ͷϵ麹ŴҪ죬´͵͵ڡ㡣
赽ӱȥϴ
ûһ̤ţԪ۾۽ǴԻһ˿Цڡ
ڴϼԪβ֪
ǰܿŲ
棬СȾ̲סʼҵţС§Լ
Ԫ࿴˿Լĳ£Ӷţɼ˯еս
ͨԪȷһ£ķȫû⣬ܽĲ١
¼⺢е⣬ƾִֵӣɵ¡
ӾķģҲȤڡ
͵͵Ӻӱϴӻ̧ͷͿԪڴЦЦؿ
һɲԤС
Ԫ࣬Щ棬εĶ˭
ϾӰûһЩսƬϢըҲбȽ϶ζ
ԪʻŵһеһϣҺץȡ
֪˵ʲôȥ·
עܸԪ˵¡
û˵

йԪ֪ζԪһİɡ
пܻҪҡ
˵ԪҲûʡ
˽飬øСһ׼ڡ
ҲûзҪ֪ɣֻǳڶСĹĶѡ
ţֻǹĶѡ
*
粻𣿡
ȼ·Ԫû⣬󷹣ʵ
ţ̫ˣѼﶼҪʱ䣬·˲˵׶ӲӰڸС
Ԫ൭ؽһ䡣
ʵֻһ
ǼҲǮˣÿҲǮռҲҿࡣ
ΪĲֵá
Ŷ
ˣһʧ䣬ϾõӪÿҲǴ֣ëëġ
ӼǹֻҪǿ
ӪûˣЩȻʧ
Ҳ֪ԪĹҲǶԵģ˲ûж˵ʲô
Ҵ⼦ķڸС÷Ҳʡܡ
Ԫ赭д˵ţȴͷһ
̸ǣԺû
һ˵ͺڣǹԪĵģʲôʱǵġ
̫ôߡ
Ԫû㣬Ժ󶼲ˣ˷ʱ䲻˵Ǯۡ
ۣÿ򼦵ϹرѲ̡
¼ÿ¹ҪѴʱȥʰ̡
벻ȣûҪ
õġ
μûڶ˵һԹԪΪ
һ֪ԪԺ󶼲ʱҲһһһʧ䡣
ҲǸмпڵˡ
ǮȻǶƲźá
ﲻôǾָ⼦һ飬Ҳֵܷһҡ
һʮ顣
ȹĹ˹ʻߡ
ҲձѰ
ССĺжƿ֮У󲿷ֵǮҪ档
Ȼе˶Щʲôˣ֪Լǲ
ǰһ˳ԱȫҲ
ϱȹӣСǮ
ͺֳܲʵãõա
ǮҲûˣ˾û̹
Ҳˣϱ׼ս̸ǡ
էһԪȻҪķӽ̸ϱĶҲըƵģ졣
ûɡ
̫ŹԪôġ
ϾԪٿ黹Ŀ
ȷȢ˸ϱұ֤Ԫ໹ڲϡ
Ԫ໹ӣϲ˿ʵ뷨û
ԺԼǮҲطҡ
꣬һװ˵ĺӸжöҪ޳
һǮ÷ֳɺüݣܶǮһҲ߰ʮ
ò˶ãԪӵٿǮܻر׬һһֱȥա
űԪǮı飬˲䵴Ȼ޴档
Ԫֵܰ
ǸҸͻϱǸһӪٿ飬ֵֵ̫
ãԪҪ̫١
ټٿҲĸԸ
ĺˣԼȻΪٿԼ̫Ӧã
ΪԼС֮ĶȾ֮е߳ܡ
ʲô߷ڣʲôἺˡ
˵þǹԪţ
Ԫļ򣬡Ǿ˵ϱҼѧɣܼһѧᡣ
֣ĸмڴ
ֻδϣ
Ų鸡ػؼҸԼϱȺ¡
ֻмڿô侲
ôûô򵥡
Ԫ⡣
ҪѼķ̸ˣҲ뷨跨׬һʴĲУôܾɵѧȥ
Ȼϡ
ڶС÷һţ͸˹ԪһŶǮ
°١
һмֵ֪ǮίˣǰǰգǵÿͷʦģҶֵһʦˣֻǮưһ
Ԫеĺ˵²ðɡ
Щ죬ϱĺ󱳣ֵɵЦϱҵģ㲻ýˣĶ˰СسǵģҲòöдġ
ֻǮƿģɡ˵⻰ʱﻹЩġ
ϱԪִӾ֪࣬ǲǮģǸٿ飬˼ʲô
Ȼ˵ĶܹһӵǮա
ǵúúøлԪһûпõóֵĶֱǮǮףܱһЩԪ಻мһ˵زá

ԪһͽװһٿǮĺ¡
Ͼ˵ô˷θպЩԲ
ڳչԪ̵ĲС÷ԪǮˣҲЦ䡣
֪ԪǸˣ
ֻмбС÷едõļ⣬Ĭ
ûС÷ѧ꣬ïѦҲͻȻá
ïΪϾ˼Ԫ࣬δӼϢӡ
ԶǾŵһɼζ
һţֹԪ⣬˶ɵˡ
Ԫ಻ŵ
ôüдˡ
һʼ۶ģ˰ˣ˵
֪Ԫ಻֪⣬鼦ïѦ壬˳һ£ǽлԪýġ
½ï֪߲Ӷ÷з
ö˶˵Ԫп·
żĽïѦԽϵڹԽ졣
٣ⲻϴαǸ
Ŷϴθģߴ粻ԣ˲ֻԼˡ
Ԫ̾ϢŽһ䡣
Ѧ壬
ï
š
Ȼߴ硭
˵ͨԪһͲǸ˵ѵģټŵڡ
ǻġ
ԪలڿճļϣսݵĽïʵʲô𣿡
ïǿЦЦҲûģҼˣҿ׵ҽôæ
ԪЦŵͷ󲻾Щ˵
˵˵õҲʲô󲡣­ûеڵĵز
ʱҽԺҸֲ
Ƽͼﲻ
һСľһ
ûԸΪһɵ˱ҲǶԶԶģѡԹۡ
Ԫֻһרҵ˼ҺȨҽµˣͬڴбѧߵ˵
Ԫһҵʶһλҽܹǡ
ûϵǶΣ
ïѿڶֻҪϣǮ⡣
Ԫ֣Ǯ⡣
ïּʲô
û£дšԪڰֲ⣬ֿ˿ͷϹŵѬ⣬ü
ï˲Լˣдɣ
ԪûǮֿţһ᲻ãֻµļѬ
Ԫ϶ΪԲ˼ڣ취ЩѬϡ
ôУ
ΪռСܱˡ
´ӶͳһǮԪУָм鷳ֵˣֻҪ£л
ԪüһïּһǮһ˫۾ޱϵؿŹԪ࣬ƹԪ಻վǲϰæһ
Ԫֻ¡
һ䣬ǲٻؾ
ïͷôȻûȥ
Ԫóֽʿдһţ˳ְͷϵѬʲôĶȡұֽãһ𽻸ï
鷳һˣźͶַ
ï˵ùԪǺãȥͶΪ˸һչʾĻ
ֶµСܻټ
һ̽ïǰԹԪЩСӾǻ֮󣬵취һ¡
߽ïѦ壬ԪǳЦ˼⣬һиǮİ취
ʲô
۾
ѣҰ͵౱ũС
Ԫһïһģһıֽ
͸
ֱţ˼򵥵飬Ǯ
͵Ȼ˸Ǯ
Ԫһţеԥ
һǮΪ˸ϱԺﻹҪסķеС뻻״ġ
ЩҲеֻţǱûкУеԴ߽⡣
öߣοˣںһϵ
ͨˣԪɲͨˣû׼ܹԼһء
ˣһ˱ǡ
Ԫ࣬Ժһڵġ
ڰ֣һҲڣƾԪķӣֵųƱ
Ψżһֱû˵ļ춼Цˡ
Ԫ಻˵ѽѧôǮȡ
нïǮԪ׼Ķ
ǮҲ׬ˣҲͻȥˡ
Ʒ¹ԪĿûô򵥣
˲˰
ⶼ˸ô
ûЦãԪһ˲Цݣһ顣
ɲҹٱԪץˡ


26 
, ͬʱ, ԪܹؽԪٵˡ
յ, ֻһֱ֪ôء
˵æһŮӵĵϸ
Ԫ֮ǰεӡǹ֣һֵζ
߲Ӻ, ĻǴһЩȽϲԵĸŮżһɧ
֮һ̫õŮˡ
תһֱֻʣԪһ׼±дţʹˮ˽л
Сˣڼ𣿡
Ԫ±, ֱ, ߵűߣصڡ
ˮһ, С˴ҽҩ䣬һˡ
ôˡ
ˮһ, ǾŶӳҵĶӴҽԺˣ֪˱, ҪҪ, ⲻϵ˸պãֱˡ
ˮеϧ˰˱ùôӡ
˶ǵӾͱ
СʱƤ㣬Ҳû˵ʲôк, вƤġ
û뵽󣬾ȻΪһŮҪҪȫ˼ˡ
ѵֲͷһŮ˵Ļ

ȻֻһŮͷҲùһ
ӵŶ֮뻹ͦԶһ·ˮ˾;Ԫ߶
ùԪθӺ档
Ů˵ȷǳеƯʱ˶Ƽ˵
ҲڰһԳɡ
ֱȺԲз׷ǻ¡
˼׷ǮֱҪˡ
ʲôİ飬Բг
תԪ뵽Ů֮ӣģȫԴ⻷пԭ
ҡ
żһĽƣʮ˿ȥʮƵģͷײ١
ϱİϣһĬĬĨᣬҷ
ĵﶼϰʮĻȰš
СҸһκá
ڴϣһת˭˵ȥҲҾҪΣ˭ҲȢҾҪ
⻰˵üΪԪˮ˻ṳ̂ţʹ˳
һεˣһһҲ뵽ڴӶһʲô档
ɡ
к˽ţһΡ
ϱˣҲᣬΧȹᣬó˵ˮ
ûʲôдģһ׿ˮ
ϱҲǳβȻ˲Ǯ˲ˣﻹʲôöдˡ
ԪˮĬĬغˮʵж
ԪҲ󣬺ˮͽƫȥƲ
үү̸ϽȰ˾䣬СҽƲˣϽɺãﲻøҽ˵ȰȿãԺЩ£Ժ˵
˭֪ǵû䱾ţҲʹţŭ˵˲ξǲΣȢΣһҪʲô˺á
˵ҽʲôҽǾǼҺãҸҽңǼҺãҪǲãȥ
һһ裬һҪǰĹԪࡣ
ǹԪǰھӴѧһ£㼰ʱ½Ҫװһȭ
Ԫɫһ¾ͳ
ֲġ
˹ĳëԪɲš
ֱҽߡ
һ˶סǴӵҽˣĴ̫ԶҽԺʵûǮòиҽţٱܣû˸ӿˡ
Ԫ俴Ⱥ˹߳ëļҳ˵ûˣ׼°ɡ
ɶ
һֱŵòᣬֱӵڵأϱҲǺ
ҽԺҽ˵û֮ǵģôڻŤ˼£Ҫв
ĪҽӹҽɻʵŹԪࡣ
Ԫȫǵ񣬵Į˵Ҹտһ£ǽ˿ڴʼѪ֤û꣬ټϲ˻׶װ˿ڴĽ˵ͷ˻ûã˵ǣ˫ǱҪˡ
Ԫһ˵˾͸Ի󣬾㲻ҪȣҲܻɣôҪ׼ء
ղ˵ˣβҪȳҪȢҲҪҪ׼£ʡ̫ͻȻ鷳
ԪֶȫûģҪ㣬ĥĥ䣬Ҫĥˡ
һˣ֪Ԫ˵һɫѿýҲ֪ӺܹݣϾԼ׹⣬ôȥء
ϱŹԪһʹޣҽܹҼһ磬ˣԺҿô졣
ʱûԺûк˵Ŀ˼룬һŶա
ûжӣǶҪ˴ƣʲôͷʲôӾ̧ײĵ˶ûС
֮ʲôĻУһҲӰ죬Զݡ
ϾٲҲǸѵġ
Ԫ࣬ǲõģҶˣ廹ᣬֻҪúãԲûյġ
ɵۣûʮ껹ģҽ
ˮһҲƣԪƽǸððʧʧˣôðʧ
ڴֱ۵ˮˣԪϷŪСء
ҲͦˣùԪһҲǳһ
ѽϸ磬Сͺãҽɺˣ˼ҿǴӾĴѧרѧҽģ︸Ҳҽ˵
ˮҲԲ˵СˣʲôϢβȢ˼ֿȳȸǿϣܲҵѪͶͷϲǡ
ˮ˵һ仰شһһ˵ͷϣһ˶ʱɫɷѿý
ԽֶԴڽӴصˣԽܼܽҪӾ
ˮ˲ǵӳˣ˵ѵú׼
úý̵û׼СҪ
һЩĶԪСʵ
Ԫٴεͷ˵˵ǰ棬ȺӳҪһΣټҲ󣬵ʱСչ˹
Ԫ໰û˵꣬ðû׼Щ˾ڼƻˡ
ؼǣĸүү̾Ȼȥˡ
Ǻеȥھǿ˭Ҳң
Ԫ˵ҽҩóһҩۣ˹ȥÿ죬ȥСʱеóӣеʹ࣬ҲѿѪȫðöѪݡ

Ĳǰҩһ¡
Ԫһ֧עϲҩǾʹɣһȥ֤ʮĺôǲʹ߸˵ȥ
ɫ԰׵ؿһ޶ԵļˣһɾǻҪȢϱӣڽӴ
ôȥ
˶ûˡ
ղŲúȰңҺúûţһתһôˡ

һĬֻйԪڰŪҽҩ
͸ڰ޳ڹһ˸оɭÿ¡
ˮ֪ɶ϶ЦݣСͰȥɣԺ󰡣еܵչ˵ģܻܸܵͷֽڵظҲܹúõ㣬㿪Ĳ
ͷʻ


27 ɢ
, ǵ
˫ǵͨ, ŹԪŪõעʵ
򸾵Ȼ뿴Ŷȥ
ǸղҲˮϷ
ε, ӵһҺġ
ǺһӣΪһŮԼġ
ҲŸӳЩͷ, 
ǺõģǾǻٶǮҲԸȢ
ԾǿַҪֺô
Ů˽ϴСƤЬĨѩ࣬Ǵȥġ
Ҳ, ȢϱвǮġ
ҲǼһ˵
ǰýȥ, ý˸ϳ
˵ЩǶԸõģֲǱ͵ġ
û˶ͷҪ޸ĵ
ǽһ
ͷҷԲ, ЩԾǳŴȥġ
ƮƮһ, Լժøɸɾ
β
˶Ҳˣ˵Ǽҿ, ͲͲҪ͡
, Ǻ˼ҵĹŮܰó¡
˵£ﻹֹһ
ΧǰǰʮС͹Ȼһ촩СƤЬװ
ΪʮСͷܣﵹ, ǵܻһزŲʡ
Ҫ죬ֲҽǴܵģкιϵ
ΪȣһʺûУøûκιϵһ
˭ҹģΪҪҪĲֵ
ִˣϰ˸ˣȻֹǮĺڴӣ֪Ҫեɶٻ˼ҵѪǮ
Ϊˣ´󼪵ǻ̫򵥡
Ӿ͸һԺҲҪҪҪȥѰΡ
˵ҲмСжǳҳȥΡ
سΪûнţǲͻڻڼóš
ĶⳤģԸĶӣչϣõġ
ȻĲУֻӲġ
ٲµģӾİˡ
ûлشֻǰͷƫһߣӡ
үү̣ҲҪˣҪȥ
һŵؿүү̡
λ˼ҲǱģ⸱ģҪѰ̼ģ֮ǰ̫簮޿֡
ڼȻ֪ϣǾҧҧһĵë
ȻǰĹ³Тá
ԪעעҩܳҺ嶼һ
𣿡
Ԫעŵ΢Ц
岻Ծɪһ¡
Ȼƽʱֹ֣û˻ȥκͬ˾ȻְһҪĶħؼҡ
ﻹļ
ѪۣڼǰתһȦֻǸ£ûаģ
ˣ㶯ְɡ
û̫ԥһ˦˸ƵģʾԪද֡
ŵؿնٰ۰صʹľ
ֻͷƤһһ飬ȫ麹Ѫ۾Ҳ޴Ŀ־û
̲ס㡣
Ȼ˾ûйעһƾԪȥע䡣

Ԫһ߽һװŵǵͷ
Ԫۼֿץסⶪһԣ߽
ÿһһ롣
æֺץϵĶԪ࣬ȻЩԪѵˮס
ħ
ҲǼˣΪ˱˵ȣ͵ȥ׼ܣϵ˿ڴʹҲ˲ˡ
ʱˣץס
һסʹȫá
죬ȻСôֵùڵɻһˡ
ջùԪעĸ첲ϡ
ǱҺѪܣѪҺŷסԴҲе㲻ܿơ
ˡ
ǰס
ǰһڣȥ
ιȥĶӱڴϷźãԹԪ౧Ǹ鷳ҽˡ
ԪҡҡͷҸ򶨼˯һͺˣڸȡ
̾һͱϱš
ԪƳڴϵ죬¸ĸģȴûӻᶮ
ˮһȰ˵ˣϸ磬˵仰ɱҶ졣
йˮˣα£ǼһǷһ顣
δԪһ顣
˲Կ¶ͷεæ˵ҲӦõġ
˵˵š
ˮ˼û⣬渵ϸ磬˵ǶС̫簮ˣôˣ͸ɶůȻ˳ˣ˼󡣡
Ҳ̾Ҳ֪ǶòԵĵطǰ⺢Ȼ˵㣬ôΡ
û˵꣬ϱβ֪ǸʲôԻҩﶼˡ
ϱ˵ᡣ
Ҫҿο¾ɽͷĺ꾫רܳ˵ġ
ϱڶονǺ裬ö˶˵Ķô
ˮȰ˶ˣͲЩˣĻҪСãȻһҾٶǮҲСȥǸŮ˰ꡣ
ֱͷ
ҿС˵İ취ͲǰСǳ̫˴Ҳ֪ظģ֪£Ƕû׼
ˮĥŹԪʱ򣬺ˣȻкµĵطǾͺΡ
һͷ
ǸԵͷˣﻹŸȢϱ޷ӵǮǮȫҽԺˣǷŲ٣ǻɵöܰ㣬ٹɲˣûˡ
ˮҲһ̾ȥĴͲͰ춼û͵ͽˡ
˵ŻԪʰҽҩ˳
ԪһӭҽҶȻеþ𣿡
Ԫҡͷû£Ǿ˶˿ڣѾ¸˷ϣԺҪע⡣
ллҽлл
һԪ˵һĸл
л꣬޴ץſӣǸؿŹԪ࣬Ǹҽҽҩѡ
Ԫ֮ǰˮ˾ѹҪҽҩѣ׻֣˹Ԫæ˵Ǿ֮ͣʹͲֵǮҽҩѾˡ
һǸлѣû˵ԪͳԶ
*
Ԫߵʱ򣬸ûշڴϵţ˼ʰ̻һ۾Ϳݡ
Ͳ̫ҶԪĶ˵ǿԪš
۾֪ô£һ۾Ϳϣдŵ֡
ҧҧﲻԪӰŵӴǰһֲ俴ꡣ
ԪҪԪεϸΪʲô
ѵԪҲ۷ҪνܸԪ
пܰǰ˾йһԵⱲΪȻƫһ㣬ôŮͷɣܻĵط
УùԪһ𣡡
ţһǿҵųȻ֪Ԫıҽ֣ⱲӹԪְ࣬ŹԪǸ
Ҫɢǣ
̲סѿڶ
ǡʱԪ̤ţպ仰Ҫɢ˭

û˭Ϲ˵ġ


28 
Ԫ΢΢ۡ
ѵ⺢ϲ˲ɡ
ϲ, ˶, Ҫɢ
˼Ҫá
뷨Ȱ㾡Ͼʮһ׮顣
Ԫһ, ҽҩ䣬ϵżͱ, ʼдš
ԭԪֻʵ߽εھһ£ý㾯ѵ㡣
ϾŮԸʵЩӣԴǹ⻷˾, ũҲǸ
дһ, Ԫ̲ס͵Ķǡ
ǵðȰȰ˵Ľɫһɣ
ɵĶǣԵĶͳΪɡ
дţͬŮԡ
еıһת
ԪȨ, ¾á
ŹԪŵıӰڻζԪղǾ仰
ʲô˼
ҲҪɢ
ǵҲҪɲԵ¡
Ԫһ, õģҸ, Ͳô, ǰúϣӡ
ԾͲǡ
еĹԪĵȷȷ̸һݵڹԪ̫ƫִ̫Դף׼Ρ
Ƶ󲻵ò뷽跨
Ϊմŭ˹Ԫ, ùԪøƫִ񵽾ȻץҪ
ҺθպıȣԪҲɱδʮꡣ
ƪдŮİ𣬷ֻǸһʴı塣
Ǳдʵ̫侳Լٻ¹Ԫµ
ⱲصĽӴԪֹ࣬Ԫʵͦõġ
ҽýǮĳҲá
ܾǶ԰һеƫִ
ҵŮ˲׼κнӴ
ʱʱ򣬿ӽǣüùԪ˺ÿ£Ȼֱ̬뷨
β·ϸ֪䣬ùԪ
ڼվڹԪ˼
ĶҲһҲ᲻ġ
ȻûҪЩ֪һ뷨
ǼܲסЩ֪οʼøУĽ֮ġ
Ǹ˶Դ׵İɡ
˹ԪΪλᷢļӼᶨҪɢԪε뷨
ԺԪĻԪҸ֤Ưͻݵϱͺá
ʵûУԼҲɰ
õˣʱ˵
ֻҪǲһ˶󻹳ȥģԪͲٲϱӵĺ󳾡
ԪĴ˸磬Ӧû
뵽
չԪ໹дˣԲںΣǲܲںԪ١
ԪٵİΣʮζҪҪ
Ůԡ
Ǻǡ
ԪǹһĨȣֽػһš
ˣЦݣݽȥ˰ɡ
ԪǹĻȣŵòᣬƻûʵʩأҪҪô졣
ùԪװæʵнĴ𣿡

ԪװŵĶһ٣ȫŪǰɵӣԹﶼʲô
ʱû뷨
Ԫһ¹ûж˭Ķ
ܻûʵˡ
Ŷһ
ûзչ̸ۼ޵ĵز
ԪעţһЦ¶˿СݵЦݣӲͷƤ˵ԺҶˣһҪ˵Ҹܡ
Ԫ࣬
Ԫ΢΢ףӸµؿżҲýţϴС÷鳢ͷ׼֣
ᣬƫƫֽͲ壬ֻЦһѡǮ
Ԫͷ΢΢˫˫峺¶۾ӣЦ̣Ӧû˻ýɣС
˲β͵èĹĵģԪࡣ
֪ڹԪиºš
û뵽ȻС֡
ⲻλε˵
ɱȿȸкƨ˵öࡣ
оԼ˶ˡ
Ҫȥңԣ
˵ȥˡ
֪ﲻ˼ҶֺǮһһ׼
Ԫ࿴ߵıӰ̲סЦЦ
н˰ȻҸˣ
źڴתƣţͿӵʹ·żٻؼҵŮ
мǸŮ˵Ц
˿һഺЦݣǱ߻ľѣЦʱü΢䣬ԲԲžͽ˾ϲ
ɱϱӣܹһĳݿĶˡ
ͻȻ۾һ
ǵϱҲֹԪһԭϲԪ࣬Ρ
˵ɴֱڸ߲Ӵͺá
һɣһŮ䣬ô䡣
ɱǻ֦չĺĵκöˡ
ţˮ¥̨ȵ£ֻҪúã϶ùԪ೹Ρ
ĦȭƵôϹԪ
˿ͬӵͬѧ˵ЦѧУʵ
˵еһҽ쿴Žûʲôоöͬѧ˵öġ
һβĸ߸Ůһƽ˵
һŮȴ뷨ͬôһⶼΥˣǻǱ£ñ˵ǲ
͵͵ںɶ΢졣
ѧУһϺʦĽ̰ﻬ
߸ߴǵͼһʱѧΪ
ˢ˲˵ۡ
аͬѧŻ²ѣŮͬѧҲô̫ģܽܡ
Ψ֪ô£ͻȻúÿкһ𴦶ú氡
һ뵽ϵĳ棬ͻ鲻Խ࣬٣¶ԵЦݡ
ŪðϲͬѧΪϲˡ
ʵǵġ
Ҳ֪ԼôˣǿƲסԼ
ͬѧҪݻٻʱ˵æʵԼ͵͵עʱó͵͵Ħ˺üٱ顣
ãˡ
˿̵λͬӼͬѧѷ֣˽Ż
ˣ
Ԫóˮ˵飬û߼Ϳ۾һգգضһԲԲĹɵЦ
һʵ

еΡ
ղ뵽˹Ԫˮ˺͹ԪһӺóԵд̲סʿˮ
ӿ϶ɵ
ԪִЦĹʵϲ
ţ
ͷַӦʹҡͷʵмǸ
Ԫ΢΢ü䵭С
ȴǣʮ겻̸ⲻãӰķ˵󼺡
ɵӸഺڣ̫ڴĻԣҲã̸һ̸ҲãŲԵ
ԪĻشһľ
Ԫ˵У֣һòоǲУ˵ǾǺá
ֻѼӲϳϰˡ
ϷҮ
λС÷ֿ󣬿첽߻ԼңһҵĹԪͼˡ
ʶ͹ޱ֪࣬Ԫǵһμ
ȻͨͨɽװһһһͣһӢӲʣһů⣬ôߵǸеʮ
ʱĶֺˣղžȻ뵽ԪѼڽǿ׵Ļ棡
߽̥


29 ͻ
߽, ඼ֱ, ȫǽŵġ
Ȼλ˵棬, ̫̼ˣ
ߺ۾ü, ϱϲԪˡ
ŵһ۾ϲˡ
Ԫ۽һֱעżÿ߽һһݡ
ĵȻ, ϲĹ, ǻ᲻¶â
ֻ۲켸󣬹Ԫջߡ
£Լûо, Ҳ࣬üԼȥ, Ͼ̸ܰǡ
û߽Сɤŵʹ˶䡣
ôˡ
СҲһ, ֻϲ
ϲųĹԪͼ, æкСˡС
ԪԺСʾ⡣
Цݡ
裬ѧУʦ֣ʱһʱļ٣Ҿͻˡ
һȵǰŽӸղֵ״̬г
С, ͷһɵЩģʦôϲأԺп𣿡
ʲô鶼ҪսսʦУбȥģǰسԭУھֻʣڶһ
ҪҲţɾûˡ
Щ죬ΪŻѧУһЩõӰ죬Բźúʦ֡
ҺУЩϵűסʦûбȥԺǲѧУˡ
뵽ܣʦǹĽ̵÷ǳãȤĬȴŻǰ̣ʵڿϧ
ԸⱳʦźСֱ۹ɣû£裬ЩС£ţϢһʱҲá
Сŷĵصͷ
ȻܳΪһѧиѧԺϵҲῴ
ֻһŮȻŮһ㡣
һж첻ȥԸȫա
ϵ˶Ů𣬶˱ﶼǸµĸˤӵ˶ûС
ƫҪŮˤӣ
뿴ŮûϢӵûϢ
Ԫע⵽ԭŮǺߵŮ
һź˵죬ֳúÿͷסġ
һ벻õģ㲻ĸҲǺһ
ǹԪе㲻þ
ԼҪȥײ˵ĸоô붼ñŤ
СŮ꣬кŹԪ༾ţɤ⺰ˮˣĶȥˡ
ˮ˿ųͷݺһԴء
ӴСˡС
ˮ˿Ԫͼæгͷǰ
Сĸ첲⣬⻹Щ죬裬ҽܽܡ
СŮôʶλ֪࣬æһ򵥵Ľܡ
·˰ɣȥЪŰɣҸС
ˮҲǸŮģ֪Ů߻ۣȥϢ
Ҳ˼ͷϾ֪ڳ
صңӶȡԽԽԣն̲ס̵̺Сա
͵͵ſڣ۾һգգעŹԪͼ
֪ǲǴ
ܾè壡
ԪˮΪȥһ¡
ŲŸ·ϻ⡣
ϴôණȥũһ·ϱ̲飬ȻҲҪģԻʾְȫһ㡣
С˳һ´ɱĲˮԪ´ɱֻڱᴵţȴȡ
ֱ¶вŷϣơ
֪ԪȲ裬Ա˸裬ҪôһڣҪôֻǴʾ⡣
ԹԪһƲѹͶһµһ룬ýб˲ֹᷢԪûȲ衣
͵𿴼һĻĽ׫ʮּ
֪Լֱûг˹Ȼè壡
ȿˮҪٸˣж裡

˷ܵĸоͺСʱԵһ˵ֲ
˹־ʵ̫ˡ
ѧУֻһʦȴˣ˵ֹϵöѡ
ǸԵļͥܽ
ԼΧĿ⣬
һ𲻽еࡣ
ΪػԴ£Ҳ߱ǵĹϵ
Ҫʱ򣬻ҪǴڻ
뵽˹˼棬ڻ¾Բ˿ߡ
װʲô֪ӣףͺá
ȹԪһߣͲˮˣ֣ѧУҪѧһʱ䣬ܲҲȥְ
ˮ˵ȻӦУ㲻ѧҲڼ︴ϰΣ͵רĶȻܿѧøбҵ֤Ҳļﲻ֡
ˮ˲Ӧתתӣܻ﷭һ̤˫ٷֵԾˮˣ㿴ҰѸĿγ̶ˣȫ˫٣ֻ죬ȡҵ֤ˣʦǻؼݽء
ˮϵԾһӣʮֽû취߿Ůһܸѧ
ʱǴѧĸףӡ
ϧˡ
ˮĵ̾Ϣһ̬һ㣬ҪݽϣҲȥµظɻɣְǰʱһȥũ˳ȥӳ㲹һӻƵְλֻ㻹ûбҵΣȥԪ֣Ǽǹְɡ
ҲǴѧѧҵвĵطһ
֮ˮ᲻ŮԿġ
д⣬ƺˣֱض᲻Կ࣬϶ᰲŸɵĻ
лӽԪͼǴڻ˳ǣֻû뵽ֱӰֵԪ¡
ǰʡˡ
һǣȫǾȥũ˳ȥ
ڶ죬ԪȥسŻǼǹСӣͻȻһˡ
ԴضԹԪЦЦ󷽷˵ͬ־ãѧУΪĳЩҪѧһʱ䣬Ұ֡
š
Ԫ̧̧û˵
ҲãϹʱഴദٽһ¸顣
ҲԪһ뷨Ϲʱôռ͹Ԫദ
һ磬涼ûϡ
˶ȥС
ǵڶһԪͰһŹڱͰڼǰ
ڳԷļһ£
ȥȡ
ԪƤһĨɫ̫絼û˯µġ
ɵ̸һ׷ŮıʾûУɲС
˲붮ԪŮĹľϱӿϹۣ
ŹԪྫİŹ·ϣÿ·һҰջޣһúÿҰϵã׼ת͸Ԫࡣ
ϾԪ඼ˣҲûǡ
һȥ˸϶ͻͽжԶԶ
Źǰڵͬ־ǹͬ־㰾ŹȺ˰ɡ
ظһ΢Цѹɤӵͬ־ҽɤе㲻ܳԻȵĶͰ¡
ѵӣ˿еŹȥͦá
һԪ𿴲ɾ鷳ˡ
˸طһСһСڰŹ˸⡣
˳ְѸղɵҰջ𣬡鷳͸Ԫɡ
¶һ֮΢ЦӹҵԪ˵ͬ־˵͸ġ
ԪһҰջ죬ѵڰʾʲô


30 ð
ڹԪżڴӿּǹʱ
Ҳ׼ȥ山ũˡ
ͷһɫ׷ñ, Ϲһް, һ󺺡
С÷ڸʰ⸱ģĴ, ̲סЦû֦Ҳ
ȷᱻ𣿡
죬ȡ׷ñ, ͷﶼһͷˮð
ϵ׿һ£°ӡ
̫, С
Ҳǳ, ⱲӶûгôԶԶţΨһȥԶĵطǸʡʱŻҪ֤, ţҪܵ
ϳȻ·Զ·Ҳ˼, ԶûûѣϳҪ֤, Ҳûȥվ𳵡
ҲǴϻͷһ, ﲻе㵣ġ
˵Χ˳Щ֪࣬ûмԶŵġ
ȻҲҪȥʶʶģֻǹƱһ㣬Ȱ˾Ųŵˡ
ƱһһǮǴϳ౱ũҪʮǮ
ͷ, ˭ҿʮǮ
ö๤һ춼ûʮǮ˵ֵģһĲֵëǮĹ֣һҲʮ顣
ûгԶŲˣҪ׼һ㣬Ųš
˵ر䣬ǲ㣬пһ»𳵾Ͷ
ΪϧǮһţû뵽ֻǴһᣬȵð̡
С÷ްãһԼƵĴϸ˵䣬ҲòϣҸͱã˾͸Լϡ
ϱ
͸С÷һܱ
ȴС÷һͨƿڴЦֺǵ裬˼˵軹ء
ƿҲգһЦ
ŹԪ͵Ķϱ׼ĸͺ·̤ȥ౱ũĻ𳵡
*
౱ũȻԪϡ
߲һֻһ£кö֪δҪδ
ֻ׷εͬ־ʵ̫࣬ö˶Լûлᣬǻǻ̲סҪͶӰѡ
ܹ
ϧ౱ũѰԪģЩ׷ˣһ۶ϡ
Ƕѡ
ȵҵԪͻ뿪ط
Ӹ߲뿪һ
뿪ʲô˺δ
εһΪԪٿ
ͬΪŮˣԪҲòγúϸüۣˣǸ˿һ۾;þ޵ˣкܶ׷󲢲⡣
û뵽εƷʵڲҹά
˵гĺģ˵Ǿǹġ
ΪˣϧѱʡԼĶ͸ˡ
Ԫʵǿˣβ֪ΪΣϾһ㡣
칫ҵ°࣬ûϲ죬ôξ͸Ƥҩһ㣬춼첻ߡ

ⲻԪٸȥʾȡ˷ܼܵţξץסٽ㣬ȡŰ
š
ԪٺܲͷҪ˦
˭֪ƤֱۣŪƺýһ
ũкöţԪٻ䲻Ҫ
ٽ㣬ǲܸܵˣҿũ˶˵ܵѧҽϹѧر
εȻҲ֪ԪٶҲûа취ũȹԪ඼ȲϢֻðɵĽĨǵʻ
Ԫٵü΢Դϴε֪Ҫܵд֮ͰԼﰵ̽ܵܵϢ
ѲԼҵܵܣ
Ԫ뵽۽˼Ρ
ӣϧƤڹǡ
Ը̫ڷŵŮȢؼңֻҵĺӣᰲֵַġ
ԪٲϲҲ϶Ԫ಻ϲ
Լĵܵܣİá
ϲĳÿɰֺҪˡ
ʱϲԴҳ˼Էǡ
ʵϲˣŻ
ܱܵȴ֪㡣
ֻǵΪҪߡ
ԹԪΣεԪһλߵССǰųؽ㡣
Ԫ뵽Ԫüһ棬ǹǳЦݡ
ת˲š
ԣζûмܵܣôܻῴۣξʲôĿģ
ʲôĿģҪҵܣõԼû¡
Ԫһ㲻顣
ν칫ңϢعϰ칫ҵţֱ۵ֻ֣͵ǰһ˦
θûϵԪٻͻȻһ嶼˦˳ȥ
ٽ㣬ʲô
Һһ󣬾סΣȻпܻˤһʺ
Ԫһգ˼ӣƽ˦ֹˣ㻹أɱ֡
ȻﲻҲΪС¸Ԫٶҡҡͷһ⣬ûµٽ㡣
Ǿͺá
ԪپִһЦͫ΢Ȼξǳ߳ġ
£϶ˤžߣίȫһˣ
ӣһеҪͲдˡ
ԪЦγźЦȥæ𿪹Ԫš
͸ԪȥˣԪڲŻղôһ˲ΪԪʲôˡ
ãԪ˵ƽŵȥسǣƵӰ첻ãԲһš
ţ¾˵һЩε¼ùԪٷ߷߲ѡ
ôɳ֮ˣ
ƣӲʳ֮ʳ
ԼмòһЩҪ֮¡
Ұ˼ե֮󣬾֮ˣִˣӲ뷽跨˸Ūߡ
УԪ໹һٶѹԪҪСΡ
ԪЦЦǵܵܲѣҲСġ
Ԫ໹һͻִũ£չһ
һţԪͨũиˡ
ûôԶΣϢƽٶȷɱũſڡ
ǰһװ˵ıʹ󺺣ϴŸɵƵģϻһǺ˵˰̣סһȷʵǹԪ𣿳Ҳ߯Щ
һʮƯŮ˳ΪǹԪĽ㣬һھǲǹԪ࣬˵ϡ
ʮֲʮ˵Ľ޶ûϣ
뵽ǰԪҲùƭҲһ֣ݰɡ
԰ôˡ
αţͷƤЩӲæһӲЦݣûûô
Ŷ֪ҽĶ𣿡
һ·۳Ͷ٣ڻ۾գһ£͵ǵһγԶţվһأòУֻҵԪ٣Ҹط˯һ
ĿϴƬָָ̣Ԫٰ칫ҵĵط
ĵл󣬾ͳԪٰ칫ҵĵطȥ
ͽ»ԭصΡ
ĵ׿飬ǹԪȷûжңдĹԪһ㶼һ
˵ˣԪǸŭÿʵˣôˣűũͷ๤Ҫϣ
˿ѹȥ͵ɵϵͳģľ߿ʼı䣬־þûϵϢҪڸǲסóȻпܾͻᱻϵͳ˵˲
ͦͷģֲһ𣬳ʲôĺαںֻͺá
Σ


31 
ߵһͱԪٸס
Ԫ˵, һͷܵĴ, ڹԪڿһۣ϶ǵܵ˵
һ·ˡ
Ԫټ, ž͸˱ˮ
Ҳ̣ڸȸ, ذѹԪҪԪٵĶԼڰ칫ҵһ䣬ۣ˯˹ȥ
붬, ౱ũͽ, Ϸûа취ȵģڹԪٵİ칫л¯ӣů͡
ƤӶŲ, ҲЩ˯һ˵
ԪٱȥʳóԵ㷹, ٸᣬһת, 칫ﶼ쳹ʵĺ
Ԫֻȥ˸Ū, ܲÿһֱ˯ϡ
εȹԪһߣ͵ﵽ칫ңһžǴ̶ĺ˲˶ˡ
һԪࡱȻڵ˯
һ˫üýģɲԲҪһ㶼̸
̫ˡ
ũ׷κһˣǰġԪࡱҪõöࡣ
һһİ
Ļ, ҲΥ
ӸǩЭһ˾Ͱһ
ǲ鶼ꡣ
ζֲԸ⣬۵ָһ̺ӣűӣϸǡ
Ȼźڵ񾭻ûȫиһо˿ͻۡ
ξͱͻȻ˫һһƨ.ڵ¡
㡭û˯
΢΢Щµ۾ʵ
ͻȻ˾ѣҲգòҸطϢһᣬǸ۵
Ǹ˵Сʱˣʲôء
һ˫ԵĿʱˮίҡҾǿ䣬Ǵ̺ӣʲô

һ£
Сëɣɵ˯úúõģû̺ӣҸ̺ɶ
ǷòУһ˵ƤӾʹ׹켸ҹûˡ
ۺ˯һ
ίòУû׹˵˵һһģ˼ҡҲǡ
ʱһ˳ȫ˼Ƥ
һˣզ˵ôŤ
Լ֪ǰҪҸǰҳȥйŮһңҪһҪء
ǿ˳ǰСû˵仰͵ᣬ۸һ
Ұ칫ùֵֹģйŮģҪǱ˴ȥǻˡ
ڿмҵˣɲǰôˡ
αһף۵СǼò԰ףևشӹԪٰ칫˳ȥ
ߵüҲûйذ칫ҵţŵĵطſڣһֱ࣬
ͷƣ벻ȥš
ǡʱԪٻˣˣæ˵˯òɣҸǱߴк·Ҵȥ̹˯þ⡣
Ǹá
һڴ
ǹԪĽãǽεγ˿ûаõСﶮ¶ࡣ
ͬСôô
Ԫٱ˵ߴȥᡣ
ŵĴλ汻ʲôĶ̺ˣȥ˯
Ԫ֪һ·۳Ͷٿ϶ۣһ͵Ҳţغž뿪
˯һ˶Ȼһ£Ȱ쿴ȥһ㡣
ԪũһũһϺõľϯд
һӵĺþƺòˣʱֱĭϻЩ졣
һʮĴ˾ȻҪһʮĹչˡ
ԪҲ֪ԼһδﵥдͲãǾͽ⻧ũķһд
ֵܣ͸Լһ
ũйƺǿʺÿͣһ۾ͶкøС
û뵽ϷҲгǱ˵ġ
Ⱦһ¾ˡ
һ˵¾ͷſֽţλһ
ƹѲ˹ζ
󺺻ϻһ򿪣ĵǽһˡ
ϸ磬ĻʳãȻал⣬Ķ˵⣬棬һҲ϶һС
ЦǺǸͣϵ֪ũȫеֵأһּǧĶһĶأҪϽҵģ²٣ЩȻǲȱ
оÿ궼ޣţҲȱȱ˳ԣǶ죬㿴һҶҲò
һȣֱһӡ
ΪʲôôԴҪũܡ
ʵӹ̫̹
һ˿ھƣһݣǳʳϹúãϻǸһ𲼴ѡ
ʱѾȵе࣬˸ò⣬ȻܳԱβѶĳʳóȥ
ƾƱһ˵ϼҼһԣ涼ˣ˭еƱҵƱĶԼã˭ȥ
ȵģʲôʼ£ʵûкУ
ҲЩũũ֮ҲԶ⿿߶һһҹ㰡ڹֲ׼ǸͶѣܲȥаɡ
ԶԶԡ
Եһ˫ŧۣͷ
ھҸɿĹϵЩĶ
һ߸вˣһ߶
һ۾һðϲ
æ˵ϸŵùң½졣
Ǹá
ƼĿĴɣ߸ι˼ھƣװſ¡
ԪٲЩǣôƣ°ɡ
ưڰ֣û£°ҹιȵѾȥɣ̫һŮҹ·á
ԪֻõͷӦлƷޣǷޣܵܽ£治֪ôڡ
ˣ鷳ΧתתϤһ»ҲԺ
Ԫһߴźһ˵šYUXIϦ
ֻܷİɣ˵Ҳкô϶ϵչ˺õġ
Ԫŷģ߳ũСԺ̤ҹɫũ
ũһߣҲԼﰾŨǣֱš
ǻ첻ߵҲֵҸȣΪ񣬾¸ҡҶϡһۡ
ǽһĸԪࡱ̺ӣȻ
ǶζβģȻ
κʱܹ衣
գ﷭Ưһѣҳһѵѩࡢͣ־ҪԼøɡ
Ͳţ͡Ԫࡱֵֺܹùջ
ϻûòˡ
ѡԪࡱ£áԪࡱúһʹζ
ڶ죬һͷ۾һЦһõ

ðһȾƵĹϸ硣
ֵ˯ÿɺá
һ£ͦõġ
˯ˣ緹ɣԹ緹ٴ㵽ũתתҲԺ
׼𴲣仰ˣʲôԺҪô֪
ǸԪһ˶ʲôʱӦˣ
ƼһԵӣЦ˵ϵܣٺú룬һȾƵʱǴġ
ͷ۲ѵԴɫ
ͲûԼӡ
ֽ˹ԪĿӣ


32 
ΪֻǼ򵥵İԪܸ, Ԫ·ǰһ, 
ƫƫȥˡ
ǽһ
ͶѿҪץİ
ȻϳصĺҲǷģҲҪĻ
ϳ, ˶ţֻҪͷϵ˲, һֱܹȡ
ũϳмû˰һҪǱץסɾ군ˡ
óԹ緹û
ũתƵʱֻĶ˳ۡ
Ǹʲôũ, һִԲĿӣ
žﻹʲô˼䡣
ǴҴҿ۾ũũũྡ
˵, ˶ͦÿ͵ġ
ʱһЩĵñȽϿĵģ뵽кþƺòдҲ, ڿ˯ǡ
ϲľˬ˺˯ůĴϷһϸǺüްҹܶѡ
, ԵЩζ
ڿϿŹֱϡ棬˭֪һҲܳԵζʱ
ǰûгԵʱ, ʱ˭һ, ɡ
Ǹĸ
һ룬ԹԪԹ˼֡
ԲҲ˷ѣβȥһЩʵõĶ
ǵСһɲץס
ִ򵽹Ԫϡ
Ҫũܣ϶ҪһסݲУԪݾͺܲ
иũ, 飬ֿԽ߷֮
ϣ
£˭涨ͱ᲻ǣϵҲڡ
㱻˲ǱҲ¡
ϾͶѵǹԪֲ
׼ԪͲ׼ӹԪࣿûǵǡ
ô˼ƿУһϵĹӿǣ´ϴ£׼ȥũԪٴС
*
ũǿΡ
û֦չиƵıͰ׼żԪࡱϧһҲûϣðˡ
û취ҪΣ͵ôñֲ̫һô˵ע⡣
ûжǵũẺӶڡ
ⲻһðüҩǿģڵòС
ߣ
⼸ΪżԪʱܹʾͻݣŪƫƫûϣֱԼˡ
ⶼԵϻˣڸð˷õǶðݡ
ڿ˵ˣƫƫ
Σⰾһϵ϶ú̿ˣأ̫ˣԲŻ˵ר
οеһͰᡣ
ƫƫܾܾ
һŸлֵллˣ鷳ҰһҹȻúȵý
üͷѹµĳ嶯һڣ¶һȵر飬ѽúȣһζûУˡ
λεĿ佱ֵһϲɫһشߴٵϲͶȵ㣬ԺԺҿ
һ󷭽һڶҪҪϵȥ
òװλߡ
һﱧűͰꡣ
δ˿Ҳ̲סµĳ嶯һӲϳȥܵһŻ¡
ԺҲˣ
ŶӴӲиŮߵ˵ν㣬ҹעǸũˣ˵Ҫˡ
ߣ
ɷֽСһ壬ԪҪũԺҽôûҪߣ
Ī滹ʲô鲻ɡ
УùԪߣˣôɰ
Ҳ˲Լǿд񣬼׵ı·ͿϸͣĨ޵Ŀںʾ԰׵ɫϵݡ
ץһͰ֪˭͵ʹæũȥ
ҲûũãԪ˵еĻҪ뿪ûͱǰ˵Сס
̧̧Ƥӣ£
νǰһң֮ǰ˶ţȻпִλᡣ
ʻҲǿе¶һΪ˵΢Цͬ־Ҫȥôũ졣
ǰˡСЩڲũʲô飿
զʲô𣿡
ЩΣ˵û¾Ǻ棬ͬ־ôȥԺϰ࣬ôҪȥ
ߴϰȻҪȥģС¸ûʲôϵɡ
ðĹԪ࣬ȻǲϹĻش𣬶ǰٸʵӬƵСﳹϲ
һ¶һٶĸԼ鷳
ŶкöʣЩͷҲûʣæеıͰһ˵ͬ־˺üҶûдȥǸⰾȥ
һ¡
С׷ǹʳ㶫ðɡ
˿ѾЩˡ
Ӽεĵһһֱһӽ
ﲻǲɣ
һ˵Ȼǻͬ־ô˵Ƿ׷ǹأʶһԵһʣ͹ͬ־ʳǺ
ȻթŮɫ
ȥʮŮ˾ԵһûŮ˻ϲģУǾǮġ
ϱ⡭
Сﻹ֣ʱŭˣ¹ء
μֱҪβĶˡ
˴磬ûɶѽҾǸ㲻ҲͰˣôѽ
һȻӣܵ˼ί
װǺ˵ĴӣǸƵöûϴˣ´κѪ鷳죬һ˵һɧζ֪ã֪ĻΪɶء
˵һҼҵģһ첻עŮбҲͰˣһ㶼עظ
ģøߴ󣬿۸˵ģһ׳пɲ۸
˲һ˶˵˭ע
ʲôʱѪˣɧζǺȵĺòã
Ȼ˵Ĩϵĸͣ
ƤӶڶſڽ˵˵ػ
̫
ҧгݵغ
üͷ壬˵ӣʲôʱ۸ˣ˵Ķʵ㿴ݵóɶˣҲǺĲŸ˵Щ㿴ɶʱ˵ЩǶ˵ڱЦء
㡭Ŀ࣬У˰ɡ
һӿɽ̣Ͷˡ
ѹһŭѾø֣ʲôɣǲµĵƤå
β˵ˣдҾͲ˵˹ҵûȥʰ
Ҫؾ𣿡
ѹŭһ䡣
գգۣǰҾҽ㣬Ȼͻȥˡ
ԺҪùԪݣڻܱ¶
Ժȥ𣿡
üͷʵ
ŵɶ⣬ҪңɲУģɵػش
Ժ˵ɣ˴ӣ´˶ʱʱܲܰѱͰϵȥҲǲǡ
ʱһΡ
ο˿Ͱһ˶֡


33 Ǯ
һѵĶ, ĵػصϳ, ûϸɫ˶УŴСȫҵ˴ڡ
гԱҪæò, Ҫôǲ£˭û顣
ż㡰˶, ɻôҲ鲻ǶŴúõļ顣
һ·ûл·꣬Ũ񺹳ζ, һ, էһرġ
Щ۸ڶġ˶Ա᲻ίǵĽ֡ҪĲ硣
һμԼԺʱ򶼲̫ߵ, ܴһʹһ㡣
ִϳǣټСܰѶͻؼ, ȥ˹Ԫ࣬һЩӦôԼôֳɡ
Ԫ˿ż
, ˿е̫, ¹һһٸһʾ
Ԫֻǿõ£ͷ˿еöָģ˿п飿
޵ݵÿ
֪ԪǷʲô裬첻ѧѧ, ҪըëƢ
ô죿
£ȻҧԪڲɡ
ֻֻ̫צһסͲʹ
ǡ
ִԪв˵ɣⶼߺˡ
ԪѾ˲ʮ飬ѧᡣ
רĿŵ㣬ѧԺôּ˻ġ
Ԫеһֲ֪εʲôطȥˣѵ
Ŷ̻ר־ضŹԪϹ
һᣬŷӦΪʲôҪѧϰֺüˣ
οԪ̵Ĳʽ̫ΣһٷõͶԹһ˳һˡ
ؼҪɡ
ֺã
ûϳŶõġ
˼ˣɵϸ˼֡
ԣյָⰴһơ
ûϸ˼־ͱԪ˫Դס˶뿿ڹԪǰԴòʩҲ뷨
ܺãһͲе֡
Ԫ࿴Լ£յһŵļǲǳЦ
Сʵѧϰ棬һյţ˵Ӧòѡ
ԺɼҵˣҲԿһֺϱġ
Ԫ۲ȻһֱᳫŮƽȣʱĴ˻Ϊ𣬻ûм
ǼմģȻ
ҾݹԪ֪һֲڳ㣬δҲܳ㡣
Ԫڽ̼вˣݲ̣һ̧ͷԪ§żвˣһĳ磬նպˡ
һʱĽӴѾɹ뵽Ԫͼڲ
żԪҪʲô³ʳʲôĶ
ÿ𶼻Լһ㡣
ֲֶࡣ
޲ðͷꡣ
ҲǳԹǼݵһ졣
Բˡ
ֵܣڼҸ¹ء
ԪżвˣͻȻһŵһв㶼ֱϣҺüʱסпڡ
Ҳʳָϻһ˿ڣѪ˳˿һԵð۵üСֱ顣
ԪʱһţֱӰѼ˵ָŽԼ
Сϸ
ԪĶŵϵʹ
ղвأһζ
Ԫҡҡͷ
Ѹٵؾ͸Ԫҽҩ䡣
Ԫޱٶȸãпûһۡ
ҲǱԪŵֽŲ֪룬һεضԼ˵ͬ־ʵڲ˼ҪɤŵǣҲںˡ
ǰĴΪԼһС˾ŵþ̣Ҳû˹˼ûµĴ磬Ѿˡ
ǾͺãϱóԵĲ
Ҳûӣ֪ôܺ庢ӿģֻóʳš
չһЦá
Ԫ˳۽ǣɫЩ䣬ôȥũ˵Ŀˡ
˼ͷҲ֪͸ũ˼죬ȻȻѧˣ˵ֲ֡
һض˵ͦģо㻹ͦ
ǰɡһͬصͷũ˶Ҿǵصˡ
ͷ۾˵û׼㻹Ǳء
ܣ
ˡԪִ̧ĶԻҽ鶼ˣ
˵ҲһڨȻ˵˵㣬ôҲ
ԪһΪ⣬˵ȥ
˵ˡ
Ԫ࣬߷֡
˷ܵش˴֣æԪ๧άֵܻ󷽣֪һ·Ը߳ɡ
ԪһΪȻ
ɶ˶ˣͷֵɣ
ǣֵܣ㿴ҪͷܣҪҪðűץķգеٰɡ
е
ۻŷɺܲ㰡
Ͳ࣬ȥ·ѺסͲʣˡ
ԪҪôĵĻڼ⡣
ٲõµģܿ۵ġ
Ԫ°ͣʵһܴǮĶ
㣬һܴٵĶҪٽ꣬ߣһٶǮɡ
ܶ԰ѾǼߵˡ
һһˣһǧˣںձѻöࡣ
ԪһſھҪȥ߳ɣͲʣʲôˣǮķá
šԪͷҽҩźãҲǹҪ߳ɣʣµǮһá
ʲôá
Ԫ࿴һۣһǮã˵ҪҪ
۾һ˵ͨһλգ
ԪĬ˵ˣЦɵһ
ùԪͣѾԶԲԪҪ£˷ܰԭԪ໹Ȿ¡
Ҫºдͺðˡ
ɷֳ٣ֻҪʲô˵
ۣ
Ͳһ۵ˣ
Ǿô˵ˣɾɣˣһҾͰǮ
֪ԪҪɵ飬ҲҵǹϵԺܹܲһȶ·ӵ£ɲܻϡ
߸˵뿪ҡҡͷˣַһ
͹ԪϳԿӣôܻǮȥͨˣ˻Ǯͨֱ࣬ƽȥˣ
һݵؿŹԪ࣬
Ȼȫ˵ʲôǺӡ
үҡ
ûбȥǰֻʣǮˡ
ܹùԪఴշֳǮ϶׬ͷ
ץס˵
룬ؾ֣һ
Ԫڱ㣬չɷڻǮöǮζٹɣǮ
򣿣
һʲôҪԪ߲˶û顣
ڼҷ䵹ֻҳʮһë֣쵽ӸͳʮǮһεŹԪ࣬ҾͶЩǮĹв
Ԫ಻СʧӹǮͷȻֿ
Ԫһҧҧһؼȥá
˵һûӰˣٻģȴŶٿǮһ۵˵ҴļױǮҾͼ޲ȥˡ
˵¼޲ȥǮñ˭ˬ졣
Ԫ࣬


34 
ǻվ, ïһ»𳵾ֱҽԺסԺȥ
, һ棬ü, ûһϲ
ïҲֻ̧̧Ƥû˻ϲ
ïûСϼƽ, ֱҵʵ֣ô
ӵʻƤ, , ֹۡ
ïһҽô˵
, ҽ˵ڹڵ죬óȻµ, ⵹ҽУֲ۳Ͷ, ˼ҽҲϵй
̾Ϣ˵, ïüͷһ
߼ҲԸô
ٴ̾Ϣ˼ҽڹĹʿɱǹڵĸߵö࣬Ǿ㻨ʮҲ벻ǹҪУ˵һ̨ʮߣö
ï⻰Ҳ١
˿޲ߵ, һλʣء
ɫһ࣬ڰ֣֪ԴӶԸˣֱӰסչˡ
ïϲи˿ĭһŮˡ
סڣŭֹ˽ïô˵Ҳֶٰġ
ïͦǰͿǣһۣ󲮵ǷһôҲû˰ɡ
ïһ˶ӵĻæµĶҡͷ󲮶û˵ʲôЩ˾͸˵ɶˣֲ˵ġ
裬ˡ
ï˵ȴϣˣջҲˣȻȥϢɡ
ïĵؿ۲Ǵء
ƣЦЦҸء
ŶïصͷȴĴ󲮾һ
͵͵סԪǷš
Ȼ֪ڵļﲻԣһԪܵҽǳģǡû­أ
ɲɣҪһԲ֪
ŲҲûʧ뷨ïҽԺֳŹԪؼȥĶֱԪȥ
ӢʱڼҶŪŹԪ
Դϴ󣬾û˰ӣҲҹˣֱڼҴӡ
ԪԪѾˣѹС࣬־ĹʽһҲá
ȻһѧţӢ˾䣬˭
ïЩ˼ǹԪļ𣿡
ӢһҶӵģͷӭţҾǹԪ裬ʲô£ڲھǣȥɽˣƹŻ
ïӢ󣬴ԪСסĺԺ
СĺԺȻˡ
ֲùԪôţҪǴСסôСĿռܱȹԪ໹Ҫš
ԪСĵطӢҹԪģæ͵ӣҲҹԪģġ
ӢĲ٣ǰͬѧѻؼңͻȻ˻ŵˡ
Ǹã˵˵¹ô
Ԫһ϶ǱϲǵģǶԹԪĵطһ㶼˽⣬κòиſɵˡ
аɡïһӢݹȲ裬˵µȱȱæѹԪĶӢӣЩǹԪҴǵģš
ӢЩһۣ˸߲ҵؽӹŲ׼
ҴҿۺͰŸˣЦŶԽï˵ӶֻҵҵĲڼЩһ˼Ҳҵһٺúø𸴡
ïЩżϾ󲮵ѾЩˣûʱٺȥüͷʵӣ֪ҽܲಡ
ӢһʱЩݣǿ򶨵Ӧÿ԰ɣһġ
ïʱû˵ף²ߵصͷ֪ӣһûȥտҴ󲮣Ͳ߶ˣӡ
ȻôҲǣҽԺҽûа취ҽкα¡
̫뵱Ȼˡ
ïʧǵˡ
ӢȽïһߣ𼱻ǵرԪųҽԺ
־ڰ칫дӢźһɷؽţһ⣬˵˰˸ȣôˡ
Ӣ˦ڹ־ǰŭ죬㿴ƽʱԪЩʲô£ԪҲҴҪˣ
Ӣּ
һ˼Ҳ֪Դһ򵥵£ҽԺҽ¶һĪչԪкͣ
²˵ȻԪĴ϶ǹ־ƽʱںǰţˣԪĴؽ´¡
־㿴ըģСţ˰Ҳ̲סüͷ
Դг£ҽԺҲţҲǲΣֻڵͼ죬ʧʸߴٷ֮ʮ
⵹ȽǶһ±ǵȡ˿Ƽ
ƲóҪǩһѱЭ飬ؼĻҪ۲ơ
ҪǸͨЩ˵ƫƫ䲿.ǲ׼ġ
¾Ѱˡ
ֲӻ
Ԫ£κ˻˵βá
ȫҶҪη
ӢɷҲѣ̧˵ͱˣƵɣ˵Ӳ£һŮҲҪʲôӲӵģҲΪһˡ
Ӣ˵˼ùԪȫ˵ĶԲߡ
־ûӵ߶һ·ȥһף
Ӣʱãôˡ
Ԫ࿪Ĵû׼Իɢ
־һĥһ߸ӽ͡
ӢûзӦ־ŵĺؼ˳ȥ
ǵҽԺҲм­ԪĿĴõĻϴæˣǹ­飬ʵķԽ
ⲻǴһܹԪҫ棬һдҽ𾴵İ
ӢɷܳȥҡҡͷŻݵĶȻȥˡ
*
ϴҽѾȥһ£˵Ҳ֣ϴιԪȥҲҪҪˣ֣ʲôʲô
ǰǸƤӣ֪˶ٱⲻȺˣµȥɻˡ
Ψһõĵطڣ˭ҪһԪ࣬һ׼ܵñӻ졣
ϴε£ԪѾ̵ӰһͲͻȫ鴤һԪ־ܣһԪ຦µɲ˵صʱ򻹻
ۼôԪһģʱԪҲ
Ԫ྿ǶʲôŻųԪʱҲֻǺµķѡ
ѵֻصҽҩ䣿
žͶ˹Ԫ˫÷ڵͫףӭһ̬Цݣٺٺٺ١
Ԫǡ
һᵽҽҩǰ
ãҽ㲹ʶ
ԪҽҩｫĶһһȡںá
νܵǩҽþƾˮ
꣬Ԫζضżڻ
ڨڨҡͷ˼˵ԭûɱεĶҩ
Ԫ࣬


35 ̥
Ԫ౻Цˡ
ǰ˵ɵ˰ɡ
ס, ҽּǾ, ҽְҵʥģԴ쾡Щ˵⡣
ǻһ֮, ôȥѧҽ
Ŷ
ԪϾıԼµŵֱͷ
ԪǴûˡ
˵Ĳ㡣
̫ࡣ
ⱲӹԪ඼ûϲΣôܻΪϱĶħ
Ԫż, ûп־ɫ̬ƽ
ղ̫ڼˡ
һ뵽ְҵľһŭɶ
ŶĺӣԶﴫҲ, ˵ͺá
Ԫఴ, ʵʲôҸ
óԪܲ, ֪ղǹԪ಻ˡ
һҲᣬҲɡ
ɹԪû, Ӹ
һ룬˲, һ˫Ρ
µ, ôܹùԪ෴ӦúԪŶԡ
صͷ˿Լͬڲзϵ֡
˼ץץͷСɣʲô
Ԫڼצ޵ؿ, ȷʵʻ𣿡
ãȻҡͷɶеʣû
Ԫ죬
ٺٺ١˼ĺЦ¶ݣСɵӡ
ɵ
Ԫ˵żɵȴƲסؿԾǲˡ
Ҳ֪ԼֱԪమԵĲˣȻһڻԲˬĿЦҸ㿾ɡ
һ˵ԪҲڻϳԵŴĿڳ򣬺䶯һڿˮ
Դζصͷá
ת˲Цտ¾ûк㲻Ԫ£УǾٶӼ
߲Ӹ˺Ȼûʱ򣬵һЩ˵ģ˴ؼңˮҲһֻ۱һֻۡ
żҲһЩõòǺĺš
𿴼ﲻȱʳб޻
ⲻóˡ
ں˺һǿÿĺ
Ԫü࣬ǡ
һġ֧Դű߰ͷĹԪ෴Щأˮֶ಻Щֲ̫ŴҪŴĺģ
˵ޱ棬ǼᶨСǹԪδϿġ
ԪЦع˹û뵽Ҳ
ظ˹ԪһǵȻ񣬻Ĳľң𣬰Ѻﶪ
Ժڼҵʱÿ·ʳʱȥģһѺóԵĺҼ˶ţǲ֪ÿζ˵ᷢʳÿζúҪһգԵÿҪ󡣡
šԪ಻֪ģľȻһСᡣ
ǰΪһֿطܽû뵽ȴ͵ġ
˵䣬Ѿ˸棬ʹ涼Ⱦȡ
Ԫע⵽ЩһǶ￾һúƤûпóڻϿţȻϨˣٰǿҰѺȥ
صȴ󣬼ǳĿ
ȫý㽶ġ
̡
ץһ̵Ѻ˫ȥ
Ԫ౻Ц̾Ϳ¡
ࡣ
ҲҰѺ£Ҹźãñ̵ס
Сڻҫ£Բá
ԪŤƹĿ⣬΢΢ü֪Щʲô
ùԪ಻ע⣬һĿ𡣡
š
ԪཫŽɵذǿ΢ȵĺƤȻǻ˺ζ
ԪԵÿģԼҲġ
ҲһǴ
ܹ黹һֿڣֵܹùԪĻģһСܵͷͲᶪ
һûһĳſȴи֮͵ĵƬ̵ܰ
ҽڼ𣿡
⴫һεЩĵ
Ԫͼ˵Ķ뻮һһ٣Լͬ⿴ȥ
˿ɫѾȫʵɫ£лҫҲֻܹģĿиӰڡ
ҹģһŮ˵סĵطôù졣
ԪüͷһšûҪ˼ʵʲô¡
ҡ㿴
ŮӵĿȻЩݣǴŵ˵
ҹ˿
ֶԹԪ༷üŪ
Ǽ٣ӽԪɡ
Ԫۼ˵̫ˣɡ
ǹԪ˵̫ŮЩԥջûнţ̾Ϣ뿪ˡ
һ꣬ΪܿһܻӭϷ룬û뵽ϷûĻˡ
ԪüԴ
⺢ӿûˡ
մһͷܲһͷԴôḻϱǸӻ
ԶŹѪ֣
Ԫ౾û·ϣ˭֪ڶְܵҵĴ
˵һʲô
Ԫ࿴ǰͷõ͵͵Ů˵ҧͷ
򡭡̥
ŮҲǹ˾޴ҵĹԪࡣ
Ҳ֪̫ݣڳ˹Ԫûκܹˡ
ȥسҪ֤û˵ȥسǣҲûǮ
ԪĶǷ鶯
ҽֲǸҽʲô
οǰʶ
߲ӵ˫˫ʵܸɣ˶ȢؼϱҪҪĲߣͼˡ
ɻҲͦģõĶ֣Ԫʡ˲¡
˹Ԫӡͣϡ
һ仰ֱӾͰѹԪӡȵס
ǰĸ죬˵˫˫ĸ࿴һ˼ң񶼸ߴʮԪǰ˫˫ĸ˻ˡ
˫˫Ҳͬˡ
żȥͻˣ
ӿ²δİɡ
ҽˣϾҪˣҲü֪¡
˫˫˵ŶҪԪˡ
Ԫ̫Ѩ۵ݲӦ˫˫䣬һɵ£ٴ㣬ȻȥϢɡ
˫˫䣬۶ϹԪ˫ʱض䣬ǻҽܡ
š
ԪӦ£˫˫ʧǵ뿪
ڳ˫˫ĵĻһֲڶУЩпȻ֪֪治֪ġ
ǰǶ˫˫⺢ӻͦʵģû뵽ʵҲôʱ򣬾ȻҸ˰̥
˾͸߰ɡ
ԪʹӴڿһСë֪ڳ͵æס
˼ĥЦһʵȥĶ
Ԫһȥ˫˫ĸ˵˵¡
һĲ˼飬㲻ǴӦ˫˫ҪܵôҪĸе㲻ðɡ
ûʲôõģ̥ôףã²˵пԺԻУҸĸΪ𡣡
æŵصͷ
ȻڻǹԪڣ״˵ôûʡ
ŮһҪúðϧԼȻԿֻԼ
Ԫһ䣬ֿкҲһҪܺԼ°
ŵһô֪ûܺá


36 Ȱ˵p
Ԫͼ˸ϵ˫˫, ˵
˫˫ĸĸܼ
, ŮһµģҲ벻Ȼڳǰܸɳ¡
Ů
˫˫һһ, ɷѿص, Խйеķŭ
˫˫һĿޣôôôɵ
ùԪֱü
֮ȽΪףһƢһ, ûΪԼŮǹ, ⸸ĸҲһѾ
ڻ˫˫Ϊϰɣܲ˫˫׵ġ
Ԫɫ, æ˵
˫˫һŮ, 飬, Ǽҿɶˣ
Ǯ, ֳ⵵£ô˼ҽͰ
˫˫޵ֻԼŮִɵźúõӲǵһ۶ӡ
ںˣԼĻҪ, ż
±˵Ԫˣüͷšһ
鶼Ѿˣ
û˰취תͷȥƹԪࡣ
ԪŴһ࣬治֪Ļװʲô¶ûз޴ֻŪø㡣
ԪҲǷƣһҽڶŮ忼ǣ治¡
ֺá
кö˶ŮӴƫģ˫˫⵵£һʱ䲻߸ĸȻ͵͵̥
캮ض̥ҲҪСӣ͵͵궨ǲ֪Ȼÿ컹ҪʹȥϹ
ҲһŮʲô˺
ȻŮ̥дҲûҪԼ
ڣ˹ԪĻԾۣй·ˣ˲͡
һʱճƵ˱㡣
*
߲ӵɽϣ˿˫˫˵Ż
˫˫ôþöûˡ
˵˫˫ͲһӵģСʱҲֻͦǳһ飬һѧ˱㽥нԶ
ҡҪˡ
˫˫Щȵػش
󷽷عס˫˫ֱۣں˵ˣҲһ档
ҡ
˫˫˵һ󷭽£ԱߵĴŻ
˫˫ôˣҴȥҽ˫˫Ҫȥҽ
ˡ˫˫ܾ
˫˫ǲǻˡ˫˫ܣҲټȥֱ˵˵
㡭˫˫ŵؿ
ô֪ģҽҵģȰ˵㣬ɴ£̥һɵ£ҪҲҪڼ壬㶮𣿡
˫˫βһ߼ˣĸԲġ
ƴԼӣҲ֪
ɵˣΪһ㷸ôˣٻٻԼ𣿿ֽס£㸸ĸͷҶ֪ģʱֲ˺ãھ˵
˫˫ֵ
˫˫ɫ԰׵ҡͷУҸĸҵģֻҹš
ҡҡͷȰ˫˫ûвԼӵĸĸ㸸ĸЩƫģֻҪúø˵˵ǻԭġ
˫˫һӾˣ㲻ҸĸĸĸһǴСָܼ޸˼ңöЩԸգǿ϶Ǻ͸ˡ
˫˫ңҽѾȥȰ˵㸸ĸˣҴؼҸ˵֤㸸ĸġ
𿴵СӣҲһʹ
˫˫ҡͷĻԼĸĸ˵ɾͺˡ
*
ҽǼҵ˽£㻹ذɡ
ˮճĬú󣬻ǸԪ
Ԫǵûתߣż
㣡ˮﱻԪˡ
Ҳµģˮ壬˫˫ô˫˫һ٣һ٣
ˮﻹûȹԪ˵꣬ŭ
Ԫ˳ˮĻ˵ǰˮ˼ǲ˫˫ˣ㲻Ůˣ
ˮĬˡ
ԪˮӰվˮĻھȥ˫˫ԸŮؼˡ
˵Ԫ໰һת˫˫󣬳ܲס벻ʲô£ˮҲӦò
㣡ˮﱻԪĻ̼ĿڶʹѣҹȥǼҵ²ܡ
Ԫ࣬ҵȷһ㶼ܣ˫˫βεͷϣǹغ˵£Ҳòܡ
ԪĻεƲƲ죬֪˭ʱ򣬻²ֲǸƴš
ķǵ˰
ţҲ˵ˮ壬Ƕ֪ͷϣ˵أ˫˫ôǵŮڳ£ܵľˣ϶ܡ
Ǵһ𣬿϶ģµģ԰ɡ
Ԫ೪˺ˮϺÿ֡
ˮϱ˰ᣬЩԥ˫˫⻵ףԺô˵˼ҡ
²˫˫Եܲ˫˫Ե֣ǿһҲԵԲԣڵ֮Ӧ˫˫﾿˭ĺӣ⺢òǸ⡣
ϻ˵ʲôѾſ޵˫˫Ŷ
Ů
ˮոѹȥŭһ˲ð˫˫
֣
˫˫һžͿŹˮǰ֣Ұɣ£ܹܣʹҰɡ
ˮòӸˣø߸ߵģϵҪҪ˫˫ԡ
˫˫µرۣҲ㡣
ã˫˫ûиܵʹۡ
ˡ
ˮ￴ǰ޵СûаѪɫ˫˫طƣʹĶڵϡ
֡
˫˫֪ôˣ׵˫ֹֹסð
ˣ˵˵ĺӾ˭ġ
ˮﲻԹŮˣǸŮеСӣȴ˹衣
ǡǸڴġ
˫˫صҧҧݵ˵߷߲ѵˡ

ˮһüͷöһȥ
˭
ûˣеЩ档
Сظ߼ӵ֪ࡣ
ʲôʱʼġ
ˮܵһ䡣
˫˫Ҳ죬һУҼףԸ⣬취ȥҵĹҽ̥
ˮ￴۹Ԫ࣬ͷû˵ˣԻڵϵŮ˵ɣȥЪš
֣
˫˫ؿǰףţθ׾Ȼûз
ˮЩͷ˵ȥ
˳ӵȥ˫˫
裬Ҳ£ǶˣǴңҶһ㡣
˫˫ȴϴӵ
˫˫ҵĶôôɵͱƭȥ֪֪Կ˶㰡
ϼ˫˫˫˫
˫˫촽ҧˣ˳ϵۣ䡣
ˮ￴űͷʹĸŮЩ꣬վҵһѷűߵĿ񵶣ˣһ˵ӵ¡


37 ͷ
ˮ￹ſ񵶳š
ԪͼҲ
ˮͷ, ԪҲû, 㻹ʲô
ԪЦһˮƲס, ˣҲöһҽƷѡ
ˮ, 
æԪԲˮ壬ͬ־Ǹ˼ǵء
ʲôõĵġˮﵽڻѼӲš
, , ˮƵģѵڶϲ
ߡˮżĻһ, Ͳֻͷȥ
, ˮҲûֱȥӵĶӳ, 
Ҳû, ϲϲӵĶӳ칫ңԪһҲû⡣
һ칫ңӶӳͰѰ칫ҵŸˡ
žòԾæʵӳôˡ
Ӷӳ׵ûʲôɫ, ú÷ʡʡԼʲô°ɡ
˸˵˵ûģģһĸӣݵģһ׳£۾ȥ˹˹ģˡ
ֲð˫˫Ե
˭
һҲʶЩ˰
ԪҽҩǰһЦţһ弲
˿̱Ƶİ칫ңһװ˵ĹԪӸµؿǹһĨ˵ǳЦŵʿˮ
ʲôûв
Сӣ˫˫֣ţҾǴҽ㿴
ˮﱧſ񵶣ҲһЦС
˫˫˭Ҳʶ
ĶѾ亹ˣҲȫˮ͸ԴһƬհףҧزϡ
Ϊ֪һϣˡ
ˮۣЦøӺͰ㲻ʶŮҪŮʶˡ
˵ˮſ񵶱Ȼĵһ
ɵˮģֱԱ߶㡣
ôĵطô㣬Ǳ˶µġ
˵ǽǣ޿ɶ㣬źˣ壬лú˵𶯵ҿˣҲҪȥεģΪһˣֵǲǡ
żϵĿ񵶣ŵö֣ҪѵŲһ£ϧˮģŲ
ˮﵱȻΪһ˶ֵãһ뵽ŮԼûôͱ̣ˡ
ͺ޲ð̻ˡ
ԸȢŮͷŮȥ֤ǰҾͼ̡
ˮſ񵶵ֶڶ޲һȥ˽˵ͷסˡ
⻰һŵ˵壬Ȱѵ롣
ˮȴǲģһ硣
ܸоǷĵһܻĺµȫʼ壬ҴӦ㻹𣿡
ˮЦҸһΣͲڶΡ
˵ˮ￴Ԫƽ˵ҽ鷳ˡ
ԪͷʱҪõףַ䣬ۿžҪжˣ뵽ʲôתͷýζļ˵ۡ
Ŷ
ӦһŹԪСʵ£Ȼ
Ԫı۾۾м仹һ죬
תȥ͵
һĹתȥŹԪࡣ
Ԫ͵ٴʼƤ
׻ˣԲĿŭˮŭǾҪʲô
ˮﵭЦһʲôǸһϵļ
Ȼ㲻ʶŮŮУⲻëëҪζԲԡ
ͫȫǿ־壬ֻסƤùԪද
ԪסƤҲţһֱӰǰһظˡ
ʱ͸оһ
ˮһյһֻס֣ʹá
ΥģҳȥԺҪǣЩҽ
Ԫ˿Ѿ˿֣ҽȡһԲεĶĻɽ룬Ϧ£ЦҪ棬ҲõǰԲԡ
ɱҶҿɲ֤֮㻹᲻Ӿ
ԪĻ˵ɣȴȫ
㡭㾿Ҫʲô
֪ˡ
ԪǳЦżڿ㣬һһڳҽþƾ
ӣȴˮﹿ
Ԫóҽþƾ˸֮ó˸ֲ
Ҫȴоһ֪ûˣµȫסˡ
˳ۿͣ䡣
ѵҪɥ
֪Ͳȥ˫˫
ˡ
˭ûйɹԪ϶
ʮӺ󣬹Ԫ˲ͷϵĺһ·סˮЦ˵ˮ塣
ˮŰɿ
ʮӵľ󣬷Լûһ³Լ°
ֻǿһۣ̲סҪιȥѾѪ죬ȥҲ̶á
ˣԺܿ
ڵϡ
۷磬Ǹʲô
ԪʰԼþߣԼ˵ˣ߰ɡ
ħ㲻úҪȥ㣬˽̡
ԪҪߣ¶һĨ񣬼ȻԪùҲùԪùġ
ʱܵЩ˺ӱԪġ
㡣
Ԫںظҽҩ䣬Ӷӳţżˮǵ뿪Ӱ칫ҡ
ߵʱ򣬼ͷڵϲҲ̶õĬĬ˸
תͷļġ
סǵӣ˺úһҪ⼸ѪծѪ
֪ڹӣεҡҡͷ
ˡ
Ԫһס۾ࡣ
ĹĵأˣΪҿá
Ѫ㲻Ѫˣ
Ԫһɻؿż
ʱû˻˵ֺʵ㵽׸ʲô˰ɡ
ֻһССĽѡԪ΢ڵ˵
ˮͼ⣬æʵʲôн
ûܣǹܻճõ
Ԫ뻹Ǹ˽һ䡣
Сһףˮϵûʲô顣
ŮֻԺҲǱ
ڿˣҪǰ衢׵ˣܾ͵
ֻΪŮ룬²ִֻ
ˮﲻΪ˫˫ٴ̾Ů£ԿվŮҡ
ŶˣʱҿƤ˵㣬ָһ㡣
ȴ˿̶ЩƤܸ
ܣЩ˲Ƥ̫񡣡Ԫʮصͷ
̧ͷԪ㲻ѵܾͫǰԪҲ⡣
ȣȥӵ֪СԺɡ
Ԫ౻òڿһתŻ⡣
ȥ֪СԺʲô
ˮ˲ؿŹԪࡣ
Ȼȥѹˣ˫˫ǺӣҪǮɣҸտӦǼеСǮģȻˣǮ˫˫Ҳ
Ԫ࿴򵥴ˣǲΪͷ͹˰ɡ


38 Ķ
ȰȰѾʶռٽſ
Ѿûдˡ
ûˡ
ѵ
㲻, ˵õҲа
ȰȰ㷭˸, ʵĵòС
װף˵ʲô
ȰȰʶռĵ, ԲԲСһһĵģ̧ͷװ塣
װò˵
ȰȰƤһĲ, ΪһϵͳԽĸ߿ƼȴΪ֮ͽòİ
Ϊһʳ¯ϵͳ, Ҳһ, ۷ĵ·
Ȼȥ֮øϵͳվһϵͳǰ, ߾ٽ̧ͷͦء
ҡȰȰֵģ
, ģ
Ȼ
ûʵı͸ʵݺݵһ
̫, ̫ɵ
ȰȰȽŵָˡ
Ҳ֪ô, ܶණˣоƬԴĹܣаٷ֮ʮá
µ£һ̲ɴݵİװ壬Ҳ r( )q
ָ񿴿ָܻܲ
Ը񣬴Ҳа, ͷҲǿԻָѽ
ȰȰǽһض㣡
ãǲҪѽ
*
ȰȰȵԹԪˣںͼ׼ȥӽ㹫֣Ȼûؾ
ϾҪˣøϻȥꡣ
ŹֱͣţʮֺԪĹ֡
˶ûзԪĹ֣棬ˣôûĹ֡
Ԫһְס׼ٷһε׼ˣӲ˶ǷҵĹ֣ȶӳͳܸ꣬Ҽϡ
˵ŹԪݸ˼һŻƱ
¶£ͺɰֻһǮŹԪЩΡ
ˣ֮ǰѴ󲿷ֵǮ˹Ԫιɣȫ¾ʣһ࣬϶ǲһŻƱǮġ
ܴܲǷ
εֱ֣˫չ̵
ڻҪǮУȻʱ̣Ժ󻹻Ϻܶࡣ
ԪЦЦøǮˡ
ôС֪ܹԪչ࣬ӲԸЩСǮٿǷԪࡣ
ˣǹ˾ĹɷݵģŻƱǽ׵ķֺ졣
Ԫָڼǰϣü¡
¶صͷʵ𣿡
ûС

Źֱȥ˴ӣٶ๫־ͻʮǮʮ
ԪĹȼһ࣬ʮǮ˵һʳ
֮⣬˻ֵһ߲ƱƱһ޻ƱһƱһЩƱࡣ
ЩһĳԴöˡ
ЩӵؿŹԪࡣ
ȻȻö˱ˡ
ֲùԪ뷽跨㸱ҵȻʹӷֵЩԪһµĻʳ
Ԫ࿴ŴӷֵЩЩ˷ֵʳٽͿ˻ؼҿǲס
Ѽ䣬ӼƳһƳǰһơ
лл
мصл
ɵðҡ
ЦЦͷص˵
ץץͷʲôæ
Ԫ۽ǿֹ˵ĻĪһɲС
ֲ֪ɲǴӺζ
üͷ첻ĵȥᶫ
հᵽһ룬СһѴɨ㣬߳ﻹŭغ𣡡
û裬ʱŵѾӾܣܻԼ˵ң
áûŪ׷ʲôѣ岻ݴǡ
ֻǰԻðɵĺСȰ˵л˵𡣡
СͷϣýȥĻ
ÿҽ첻úʰʰ޷Ů
Ǵ˷Ǯĸ߷ڣһĻǮҲˣվԭؿϷ
ÿˣԲϹˣҲֵÿ֡
Ȱ˵һﶼţӰɡ
ˣȻСƽ𿴵øƵģƽⶼ𣬳ɼã
û뵽컹ܿС˺Ůʱ
ͬҲСעŮԲ⻰
Сÿҽ첻һ٣ﲻ
СѾ˼ԼŮ裬˿ðͷð̣ŻûԶŮֻһɨ
һܹúСģ𷸵£һС
裬ǻؼ˵
һЦӲͷƤ˵
С⸱ӣеĻʱִ֡
㻹ЦҸġ͵ˣҲ㣡
С׻û˵ױ֣ǰӡ
ڼ֧һԴС˵裬ҲˣǼױҲûã˾ͻ˰
СŭĿԲ𣬡㻹˵ٿǮǮ֪֪ôǮԸǶˣ첻˵Ҳ㡣
ŻȻԭǰԪιɵٿǮ͵ģֲýֻǻؼһˣȫ⡣
Ǹؽȥڵİɡ
ɵðԸпǶԹԪ氮ˡ
Ԫһ仰Ȼ͵ٿǮ
裬ҵģǮ˵׬
С֣úС֪ٿǮȥΪ֪Ҫ֪ˣǮ϶Ҫˡ
ɲС
ԪһͺĺͷӶĻ϶׬Ǯ
㲻׬ǮҲû£üױͶʹԪͼİ飬Ҳǰ鰡
ҲǮһÿģͶʰ鲻һ
ֻ⻰öԺС˵
㡭ǵҲܰݲǡ
СֱҪˣеɨֱкȥ
첻Ƥǲ֪Լˡ
úСǰļ
ǰҲûϵСˣҲܲˣۿɨҪ䣬ı۾Ҳ㡣
ԪһֱעҪҲ˲ðᶫƽٶȣһѳסɨ֦ϡ
顪
˱סһƲסʹһϤζıǼ䣬еʹûڶһƺߡ
Ԫ࣬ɵɵûۣ˹Ԫһ
ôõģ˭ϱǷģԪʲô֣װװһٴ
˵ŹԪ࣬ȫȴ̲ס
ǵȫ˵ǰĶⶼͨоôֵֹġ
û¡
Ԫװһֻ֦ü
СʱҲӦԼˣѵ
Ҳ۹ذ·˷ÿԪ˳ȥһĻﻹ˵Сܡ
촽΢ţһ˷ܡ
ŶⲨƿ԰
𾢣Ͼʹĵʹ
裬ҴˣҴˡ
úǰϴΪ
Ԫ౻ɨ֦˵ļ򣬶ԺС˵ǮǸңͲҪٴˡ
㣿
СĿڹԪתüͷ˼
æͣ裬ҶԹͬ־ûа뷨ֻǲ˶ѡ
һϯùԪͼ˶һ㶣˶һۣ


39 ؾ
һ־, ջˮ˼Žġ
˵, ڳĬá
ǵٿǮΪ뾭ѵ뷨𾪡
Ů˲˵ġ
ҪǴȥ, ҪЦǼ𰡡
Ҫ, ڻᣬ費ˣٴ㣬û׼Լǵء
ˮ˱ŴͲ, üչ, ڻǲҪѻ˵˵úã˭֪Ժᷢʲô¡
ѽ, Ժ˵
תתϹۡ
С, ʲô뷨˵ͱҵ, ֪֪ùûоǶڸ˼, ͵һҵͼ޹ȥ˵ˣҵʱôظǡ
ѾʮˣϳѾԽˣЩ޶ˡ
֮Եͻû࿴˼ңΪ, Ժи
û뵽黹ˡ
һȵشսС裬һŮľͰҼ޳ȥ׻˵úã޳ȥŮóȥˮͲҼ޳ȥˣԺɾͲˡ
ҡСŭڷڣҸ𣬾޳ȥˣҲҵŮҲҾǲТТҪĭġ
ǡ
æͬصͷæֻһתⲻԷδҲ޳ȥԶǶãǰɡ
С𣬡㲻ˣԺֻܸİۡ
˵˵˵ͨĸҲ𽥷ˣҲ׸ܿ԰ɡ
׸
ˮ˺ͺСǶû󵨵뷨
԰׸Ҳˣ׸ҲҪϲģĲУֵּܶ࣬ĸŷų׸ģҿɲҪ
֮Ȱѳ˵ǰ棬ʱѡѡϣһ仰¡
ˮ˱ŴͲüͷѾչ뷨ˣκξ¹Ůϲ˸֡
ڼŮԸͬ⣬ʲô˵ġ
СɫҲÿ˼֡
ȷʵһŮ޵˼ȥùﲻæڼҲ۸ȥ
裬Ǿ˵˹ٿǮͲҪ£׸Ҳ
˵
һ˵£СһĴȣܼӣһֵľٿ飬㵱ҼҵǮǴģ
裬ǸˣҪȥҹͬ־Ҫˡ
ĴȱСۣӵ
Ǵ˺СߣСȻ뺷˵㣬ǳӡ
ȥ˼ҪǮ
ƽʱԪҲǼ񣬳˼ҵĺôֻ͸˵
ˣСҲǸɴµˣٿ˼ҾĲʲôҲΪǮ˸Եĺû׼С˻ܸɳһҵ
ˮĴͲһٿȥ
ͷ˾СҲûȥֻﻹЩٿǮ
Ԫͼ˾ˮ˼Ժ˴۵Сۣһʱ䶼ЩΡ
Ϊ֮ǰܸԷ˭Ҳûϣⲻ˴
ǵûϹԪ࣬Ԫ಻ˣȥתͶεĻ
ԪǵļշѿİõӰ졣
ǸġԺ϶ٸһõġ
ԪජʮֲںӲͷƤ˵
Ԫ΢΢üȫ׼˵ʲô
ԪɫãһһĻңͷС˵Բ𣬶ҵԧˣһΪϲ㣬Բš
͵ǰԲԪ໹ˡ
˼˵ڴ
Ҳ˵Ҳϲ𿩡
ԪüͷȻ濪
ȫʧ
û£ԭˡ
ԪҡҡͷһķƵ
ţСضŹԪĲԺ󣬺һʯͷ˵ء
󿴵Ǳ飬öϢǲȷġ
˵ԪŭըĹԪһ㶼һϿȥͦĮпźĳ
˵Ǹ񶾷ɣΪ˵õԪ಻ֶΣʵǸܿɰŮӣԼ뱨ҲϲԪࡣ
˵Ǹĳõˣļܿ࣬ǻָˣȴһϲͶ񣬲ƺˡ
ԼϱӵʵϢ֮⣬ϢǴġ
ԺҲϵϢжһˣһ˵ĺ뻵ͲϵֻƬܹ͵ģҪԼ˫ȥ
֪Ϊʲô֪ϲԪ󣬼ﾡȻмɡ
˽Ҳ˲ɡ
ˮ˸Ů˵ú󣬾ͳ˹Ԫͼ֪ҪŻؾǣҲš
Ԫͼ˻ȥʰһڶһȥسǡ
˶Ѹ߲ӵķƱȥ
ΪϳǵƱûа취ȥȵϳǣۿܶһˣ绨簲ġ
ʱ䲻࣬˷ͷжȥ
֪ԪҪȥҵԪʱĵӯ
ֵܣܹ
˽һǧǮԪ࣬ʱȥҿӯǮԪһȥأɾˮƯˡ
ġԪ϶
ðɣ㡣
Ҳ֪ԪȻеϲˣҲڰ˿ĵز
ǮԪһѶصվ뼾ϡ
óǺܿĵģϾҪؼˣԪҲܿģϳȻɵ뷱̫Զܶණûа취ãλؾǣͿ԰ѼҪĶ롣
ĵûע⵽һ˫Ѫ۾ضˡ
ԪࡢҼסˣλȥҵļһﲻõĻҶҪѪծѪ
˵޲ҹԪࡣ
ϴι°ͺܲԾһƤ˵òʱ˯жܱѡ
ҪǷµҲôȤ
ػԼ°ǲǳˣԭȾʹúõȥһ
ԪǮѹˣûǮȥҽԺλȥĳƱҲ˽ġ
ǳݹԪͣǺ˹Ԫࡣ
ڼԪͼ߸˵شԹ޾Ũ
ݺݵؿ۹Ԫ֪ڹԪֲ˺ãȥĻ𳵳ȥˡ
ûһߣԪתͷ˿ͣλãü
Ԫһֱ׼οǰڲӴһʱ䣬ּŨҺⲻκεĿֱβ
ԪѾѡ±µļ
˾Ͳʱʱ̴̿ڼԣΣҲ
Ԫ룬кҵһû˵ĵطʶϵͳռ䡣
ȰȰȼͻȻϵͳռ˶˷ֻﶼŹâ
ҳȥʱˡ
ԪûйܰȰȰȵ˷ܣһץҪ˳ռ䣬ĩֵȥԺ㾡ֹֽ״̬Ҫŵˡ
δȰȰзӦʹ˿ռ䡣
ȰȰգգ۾


40 ؼ
ȰȰȱԪ, һҲҶ, һֹ۷һ硣
Ȼʲô, һνӽøеĻ, ɲٴˡ
԰ȰȰȺԪĻ
Ԫлһֻƴ۷䣬ޱȾ棬Ķġ
Ԫں˵, ղ·߿, ͦ棬˳־һ귢û, ͸߰ɡ
Ԫ˵˼С
ǡͻȻ֮䣬ﱻ˸, ûзӦʱ䡣
еָлͦõģӦϺõɵġ
ھöܹ, ϳǼ۸»Ҫɡ
ܹ, Ҳܽܡ
һ룬æƳ١
ԪڣΪȻ󣬼ǮС⣬ȥɡ
, ôˣ
ƭأָУʣһǴӴ̳ģ۸Բơ
Ԫʣ˺ڣ㿴ʺϴ𣿡
ʺϡ
ȻʺϣﻨǮߣֲܳԣֲģţȴ˵
Ԫ಻ϹۣǳĻ𳵣ѾվʼƱתƻ𳵼Ʊˣȥɡ
Ŷ
ŰȰȰȣ¶صͷ
ߵһ룬ԪͻȻͣס˽ŲԼסߵĶҪţԺᶨڼ飬ûš
ԪĻû˵ͷһԺ춼š
ţϲġ
Ԫͷ
ȰȰͼĻ˶ˡ
ΪռǵõõĿʼôҲû뵽ȻǱĿʼ
Ȼת־Ͱ͸˱ˣ˵Ǳ˻
Ҫ֪ƤǼҵϡвɵģССһ˶ʱҵ
˵ȫɢһŨŨҵζȻ˵ǵ̯ʶʶ
ȰȰѾ޿ˡ
ڼɴװ
ϣϾĵģȰȰСشӼĺɰԪϣԪ½ǡ
һ˫¶۾Ͱ͵ؿ
Σտʱ֪ͨңһ˿һˣʡ
ԪŰȰȰȣʶ˵
ȰȰתͷۿڳߣ˯ļίصͷһһؼĺɰ
ҹĻ𳵣ڵִﾩǡ
һ»˶һֻĴ
ǵķϳСطòһǰ㡣
˿̻վɽ˺֪̽ףȻҲȥ̽׻߻ϼҵġ
ȺʱʱĻһЩС̷Ǻ«ģģ˵ģ޻ǵģ̯ǰΧһȦһȦˡ
Ȼ˵ڲͶѣһЩʳС̷ûֹٽǰ߶Կһ㡣
С̷ҲŴǮһѷľȫһҲǮ
Ԫ۾ǺͮͮıǺ«ʵԣ
ҡҡͷһЩ
Ԫû˵ֱߵǺ«һ˼ҸǰʵǺ«Ǯһ
Χ˵С٣᲻Ǯģ˼ԪʼۣЦЦһëǮһ
ԪֱӸһǮʮ
á
˼Ԫִ󷽣۾ЦˣѸڲݶԪʮɫ޵ıǺ«
Ԫ˱Ǻ«һµȥ
ô࣡
ͷ۲ѣԭֻġ
ԪЦЦˡ

һ紵˶Щ䣬էůϷص˶Щϰߡ
ԪԼȥɣ䣬СǻھǴһӣпȥ棿
á˿ҲǹƼ£Ҳ֪ĸĸΡ
Ԫ漾һֳ֮ԼҲһֳؼ֮·
*
ҽԺ˿˶ڼĿǰ­ˣüҽ顣
һҽÿ˵鶼ʼ
־Ҳɵᵽɤۣæʵһ𣿡
ҽҽԺԺ˿̱£һԲŪڳ˴Ҵ
ÿһ˶ϣʵܹɹֶֻܺԼѡ
˵ǲܵġ
֮ǰѾкüλҽ没˼֪Ľһ£ʱסţĿǰûΣա
ȻֻʱȶҲ֤־еĴõģȻãǾͿƹ㿪ƹ㿪ܱסٲ˵
ȨȫԺУһ仰ͿԾٲ˵ȫĿⶼԺ
Ժ촽΢΢ɿһ£ڳҽľһ¡
ǡ
˶סԺȥƽ˵
ȫһ£ͨ

ڹ־ҡͷ̾Ϣʱ˶һ
ϲΣͨˣ
ڲҽ׷ǰع־㡣
־ۿ΢죬ŶӵĴͨˣ
ǰصͬ־ǣ־һֲƶϵĸо
ڲϵĲ˴˿ҲǸм֣Ϊǹ־㼰ʱóһǰ¾ȥˡ
ڻö˶˵ĻţԺܻãڹŹתһ˵ˣ˿̵ͨ˲ܹġ
ˣҶһڶԹ־ͬ־ıãһ룬жʵĳɹλرܡ
Ժ˸ֹ̧̧꣬˼ֵˣһ˵
Ժ⴦
־ԺҪøԼʱˣӸĴôܰռ
˭֪Ժû־ټ˵ȥͼ˵־ͬ־żһе㡣
˵Ժͼȥдˣ»ɵ۵Ĺ־㡣
Ϲˣ㽱һҪǳһٰ
Ժһߣʣµͬ¾ΧŹ־㣬ȥֿھƺȡ
ι־ĴǸҽԺ϶ĽԺǻ𼱻ǵӾ֪ι־ĽȻܷ
־ЩҲסӵӵĹͣ˵ȥ޹⣬¶һڵصҽҲǲݲݷܣҼﻹ£ҾһھϯԺ˵
˵־ƨɰҽԺ롣
û߳ҽԺͱïס
壬ҽԺǸʵɹ𣿡
Դӹ־߿ʼʵïÿ춼ѯҲ⡣
־ԵͷС²ţٹãڸҽԺƹ㿪ⱣʱڣǶš
ïҲ֪ڶûȫ­ŵҩǶһݿ
ʱҪ©˷ȫҶԲ˶ߡ
ǽïﻹץļòУ壬Ҳ֪Ҵ󲮵Ĳܹȥˣȥѹȵ񾭾ûа취ˣȻǸҽܹóĴһа취ҽζԲԣ˵˵߰һ£
־ɫ˿̾Щ΢ˣЩ콯ï̽Ǹҽ˵˵
óܹŵĴ־㻹ǶԹԪܹⷽ²ġ
ⶼһܹаٷְٵĳɹС
ҽïĴֲһͨˣβҪԹġ
ôðѶΣյĵز
˼ˣ־̾ٻȥʰɡ
ïٽҲ֪²ܹȣһƼˣ˼ҽզ졣
ֻ־㣬ǾͰйˡ
־ͷٴλ𼱻ǵĸϻؼҡ
ûȥĵ籨ȥ
Ӱһ½ɲȥ͵ģ˴ֻһʵ鴦ʵԣҲûȰѶֱȥ
ǵ⴦һɣӴȥ
һˡ
־Ǹż
һײˣҲǴҴҵǸһ䣬Բ𣬶Բ𡣡ˡ
ԪɻؿŹ־ƨһܻؼңüʲôˣ
˵Ҳɵüӿ첽ҿȥ
ӢӣӢӣҵǮҵȥԪ෢籨
־վڼſֱӢл
־ĴɤӢò׺˯ĹԪһӾ;˹ɤš
Ӣһ¾ŭˣʲôҪǮ֪Լðûְ
־㱻ӢһףͷŽţҷǮĳ˼Ǯ
ӢѾѺӱź󱳺ˣ־Ҫţһ䣬ĵ籨ʱ˳Ԫʲôʱꡣ
á
־ӦһǮܣӭװһˡ
׼ǸһϤ
ɶء
Ԫһ־ײΣЩ
־ô˵ʮˣô»һСһææġ
ס־̧ͷԪ࣬ͫɪһ£æϲԪˣ
ûȹԪӦ־һץסԪ֣һ˷ܣߣȥҽԺ
ȥҽԺʲôԪ˾䣬æ¹־㣬ҷ
ˣҪǣߡ־ǽһżȥԺıɾʹȥˡ
Ԫֻð£־ߡ
ʲô°ûԪʵ
־żûԪ˵ּæһ䣬ⲻǸǰ´ûø鷳û֣ڴʵɹԺҪ⹦ͷϣ˵⡭
־˵Լһ졣
Ԫ໹ΪʲôüëĴ£Ϊ£æͣס־㡣
²ǲȥҽԺˡ
ôܲɹϵδͿԲ´ˡ
־һĵŹԪǰ;ȻôõҽͲٴ±û
ԪüҲŶ꣬ľַشֻ֮˹ȴ˶ӵİΣ
־һ¾ͱԪĻѹ
һ𣬵ȷղǱǾ޴ĹԻۡ
ŶԺҲõߺŽҽԺͿ԰ھǡ
ڷӦվʮ꣬չ˾޵ҽ൱ڰѶǰӡ
Ҳ˵ڹһڶ֮УһĴضע⣬ʱӵİΣÿ춼ڿϡ
ǡʵ̫ûĲܡ
ɹ־ֲԪһֺҽʹ˻ķϡ
ԪԹ־ҡҡͷ㼱ʲôһᣬ⣬ѧϰҽҲǵӦ֣ĸֲǺ̫ƽҶѧϰ
־˹ԪĻеԪȥ¼¾ĥһĴõ㣬ҽǸ졣
־Ĵ˿һһļ
־ȻһŶӣ
󣬹־ֽȴǹ
ԪûаǹУһִڹ־ıϣ赭д˵ŰɣǸӣˮ
־ﻹе㲻˼ԪĹͣҪãǱʽǲơ
Ԫ߶߶Ĺ־øжֺЦˣҪⲻȥĻȽ׷ӡ
ӣ
־һ㶣
ӺðӴˣٹһ궼ܽˣɲٸǼһ𣬶˷ӣӿʱù
ǰûˣɲúúøԪƻƻ
ãȽӡ
־˵ҲȥҽԺԪ˵תҵķߡ
ߵſڣ־˲һ£üͷԹԪ˵ˣһ£˸˵
ʲô£
ǽï󲮵£ʵǼвУеĻҸȥͱϽˡ
־һﻹЩëǿǸ٣ٵԴǲһ˵ġ
Ȼдɢˣ˭ֶ֪ܹã˻ϣܹõơ
Ͼ仹ᣬʮʱݣû׼ʮλֲһء
ԪЦЦɷģְյģֻǵҲͷ£һ
־ͨղŶԻҲ֪Ԫ໹ݷһ꣬˲˹Ԫ˼
ɣʱڵȥڵȽң֡
־㶯˶Խһ취
Ԫ˵ͷ
Ĭû˵һ粽š
Ӣӣ˭ˡ
һ뵽Ź־Цݡ
һ𣬰᷿˶˳׷̽ͷ־ҵ˭ˡ
˶򷼷Ԫ൹Цӭ˾䣬Ԫˡ
СȴǺ˺һأûԪɫơ
Ԫ򷼷ЦЦԼ᷿С
ӢŹԪԪҲֵúϲ£죬ղ˵ĵ籨ɸͻˣ۲ۣȥʰϢһ¡
Ԫҡҡͷ˿Ӣգһ˫ڱʯ۾濴ĹԪ
ӢЦЦѹԪԪ໳һ˵ţ籧ܵܡ
Ԫһ£æסװ۵ӡ
˵Ҳ֣ԪûӣŹԪʱԶ֪ôӲơ
ԪڹԪ໳ѵҲ֣ЦǺǸԪ档
Ҿ˵ԪӣҴǿɡӢһĽҲ档
ϾԪǴСͰԪݣղν졣
Ԫ౧ŹԪЦЦȢ֣ԺԪҪԹ㡣
ӢںԪզֺüǣһǮ֣
ԪЦЦһ䣬Ԫأʱŷż١
ˣЩɣҲ֪ѧУססϰߡ
ԪһԪݣӢü¶һĨ
ԪôסѧУȥˡԪ档
ҸˣǲԸԪסĶҾֻԪסѧУȥ
Ӣ˵Ԫ໹ǲһ˿Ѱö˶˵Ӣô
Ϊɣ
ԪüȥԪѧУ
ǸãߺԪÿλ߶Ÿʲôʱλ϶СѾͷ˵òС
Ӣ뵽ԪݵѧУȥֻǴǰŶӲ㣬˹Ԫ͸Ӳ㣬־ÿæ˶ָϡ
ڹԪȥɰϲЦտ
ӢԪ˵˻ỰſԪ಻ȥõĿڴ
Ԫ࣬ʲô費Ҫ̸ʰʰ
Ӣ֪Ԫһ·϶ˣԪֵһ£ǹԪ˽˶ȽϺá
ԪЦ̴򿪿
ӢĴ򿪣ŵĺ


41 ȸ
Ӣ򿪹ԪƲ, Ȳѡ
ֻװŲٵҰ, ȥţν档
Ӣšü, Ķġ
Ԫ౧ŹԪŪ£Ц, ϳɽϴġ
Ӣһ˼飬ġ
Ԫشģɣǰɡ
ӢȻΪֹԪһ, ҲЩ
˶Ҳͷڡ
־ȴûӢǰ˼, ЦãܿҪϯ, ЩҲõϡ
ϯӢһתͷԪ, ϲĹˣʲô, ؼҸ, ̸ѹء
ӢüɫҪԪﱸµӣԪ͹־˶ɵÿЦá
ҵ£ǵʵɹˣⲻҽԺͬ³Է
ӢЩʧΪԪҶˣջϲһ
Ż滵, ҸʰɣԪȸҴš
ӢԹԪǽһģһ㶼ĹԪԺʲô£˵ű˳Ұﶼ׼Ժȥ
Ԫ౧ŹԪֶŪһԺһῴϵϣѹԪֵÿˮֱ
ӢкŹ־ⶼԺӣһ᷿沾Ͷˡ
ʵһӿô⣬˶۲ý
Сһ߲ȵ͵ģкôﶼûôͰһأŲʡ
ڿӢкôúƤǰ
ɩĶģôô࣬аﰡ
ӢէСдɩЩϰߣƤЦⲻЦصǼԪܸɣ´ģû뵽²ĶˣӴ󡣡
Ӣ⻰ﰵﶼڳС졣
ƫƫСƤûӢǰάԭԪģгϢˣǰ˵ԪǸɴµģοض顣
Ӣм죬Ҳ֪Ԫʱ˭Ѵصžž죬ôѰ˵ûûƤĻֺô¿û˱˵£
ǣԪడСǸܸɵģʱͱȺھȥҲȺܸɣԼ⻹ǳ
Ӣÿ˵һ䣬Сɫѿһ֡
ĺӹ˺ָԪͣС˾һ飬ųȻ͵÷ָߵ͡
ӾǸ͵ģ
Ӷ鲻ҲͰˣѧѾ˼Լڱ˷ݹһжʮԪĹʡ
ΪοѹԪһͷû־ȻѹԪֱŪȥУѧҽ
ԪһǴѧٿŴѧƾʲôùҲ
¿ǰС˺þá
Ԫѡȥɽ磬ǰЦЦԪһֺƴϡá
ȥַھྣҲûдԪ࣬ĶӳֵƵʸߣкüҪ࿴˼ҡ
С͵֣ͼԪˣɲøԪɫơ
Ԫתʹôǰ۵ġ
ǰм㣬һһǮüƱԪһ־ǰ⣬ⲻɵһٿǮˣ
ǶµĹʣԪȥ¶ã£
¾µĹʣ
п϶ŵ
С˼һתҲǣ治һȥƾ־򸾵ľ̶ùԪȥ硣
ǵºˣ
СգһӢԪȽϣŭա
ǵóס
ǰҼҺ־Ǹɵģʱ֪Ԫѧѧų˴Ԫӿ϶úðɣҿǱֽ϶˵ºء
СסŭòҪԪ¾Ǹʲôӵġ
ӢֻЦЦУаɣ
ɩɡ
򷼷֪ϴŲԺùԪѡȥɽ磬һֱӢǺһֱͦģӢʲôŴ֡
ӢƳ򷼷ףøëɡ

򷼷۾һСʺӳ˿ë⣬ֽ
ƨ
Сһ򷼷ûйͷ
򷼷еԶûӢһüصҾͲˣﻹлҪɣûʱྡ
С컹빧ά䣬Ӣ⣬ӢֲɵСóѡ
ǲСĻ磬Сûӣһ˦ӣȥˡ
Ԫ౧ŹԪǰѹ˼ԺϷ㣬پЦѡ
ԪһȻ˵ʲôûþͿʼǷ˯
ԪѹԪ΢бڻҡ£Ƥ˯ȥ
Ԫ˯㣬ԪҲЩ˯ݣѹԪһţҲ£˯ȥ
ӢԺһŪһ磬ȰⶼãڳĴ£ֵһһС˯㣬˼ֽš
򷼷һæӢҲֻȥ˿鲻СݸæһҿˣȥܺͲļӸ͡
򷼷ƴǣӢ˫ӣ˵ܾĻֻ£ˡ
Ԫ˯ѼԿյһӾ;ѹ
һֱǵԼ˯һˣȴûˡ
ѹŷ֣Ѿصϳǵÿͼ˯һʱˡ
ԴڴϵĹԪˣŵæӴ
־㱧ŹԪڶŪԪЦŴȤĩ˵ڳﰾͣв㰮Եȥ˵үһѣ
ԪЦŵͷ˳ӢҪ˵һžͣʱ㡣
뵽ϳǵʱ򣬼Ҳÿһ㣬վͷ߳ע͵һ飬͵ʳģСƵģ۾һȥͱͲ촽մͻȴѳ
Ҳ֪ʲô
*
ļұȹԪļһҪСϲ٣һƾ䷿Ҫһˣʵס
ⷿ־ȴֵסǿŹƼġ
Ҫúɵҹ¹һܶǮĹʣ˲֪ӻ
ĸƽʱҪһ첹ĻżȥõлճһǧһëǮĸһܹճǧżҲæõʱһ߰ëǮһǮ
һݾͿĸѸٵճУڰдҵ
üˣ̧ͷץץͷ۾һͿվſڵļ
ˡ
ݰѱһӾ˳ݵҲ׷űƣƼˣϲʤ׷׶еĻƳӭӡ
ΧǰãͳǺ«һ˷һתͷݸĸһ
ĸȻˣϲ⻹Ҫ䣬ôʲô˷Ǯ
ģ͵ġ˼ؽ͵
ĸ۾һеģŮģ
Ȼеġ
ĸʱЪ˼æ漾еĴӣһᣬֱ۶´üʲôء
򿪿˿һȷؿŶӣȥĶɴٵ¶ˡ
ʱ
װȻҲԪһҰ
øԪһһģŵˣԾֻ˶ʮ
û뵽ֻǶʮ⣬ųԼûаѸĴ
һ֮󣬼ĸŶǶӴģǶӵ͵ġ
ĸЩڣѼͦԣİɡ
šԪ෭ּٿǮֶΣͷӦ
пô˳Զٷ˼ҵüǵԺһҪ𡣡
ĸһ߶һɿǷ˵ĲС
еЦԪסĶ֪ô˼ҳԷ
裬ͱˣҸ¶ǻݻģ˼Ҳŷô⡣
˵˵üĸеθм٣һżһҪ˸չ˺á
ϼĸһòˣżһ˸߸˵ĳԹϴϴЪϢ
ĴһСĸ䣬ֻܹǿ˯һˣȴ߸˵˯ʮ꣬ڻ˯ü䲻ʱľŴ
˿ȴʧˣȥ˯žܾԺ˵ʲô
ӶͳԪ͵С۷ߣŰߴ¹⣬ϸϸĦеС۷䣬в૵ҪǹԪھͺˡ
˵ŻȻԼ˵ʲô
æʹҡͷô뷨Ƿ˰ɣ
ٺ˼룬С۷뱻ѣ˯ȥ
ûп˯֮еС۷һ΢ĺ˳Լ壬СԹƤҴͺƤ
ȰȰССĿ˸Цֲû˸Щ⾡ɺǷϵſڴϿż˯գ
ù̾ϢúõһˣԺǺá
ȰȰ˵ڼұ棬Ǹֱ˲ؼлָֹ״̬
*
ڶ죬һ磬ԪȥԪڶѧУѧ
ܴ󣬸ֲѧУƫƫѧ˼ԶӢȴܽ
֮ǰһֱӢǮǰæչŹԪݣӢ֮󣬹ԪݾᵽѧУסˡ
ʮ꣬ϳһβġ
еĻǲģȹԪ¼ѧУ̫࣬ѧУһȺഺѧ
Ԫ󣬾ֱȥõİ༶
¿ʱ䣬༶кЩڿѧԪһ۾鵽ǰŵĹԪݣ˿ͷͬѧ˵ЦţҲͣڱȻ˵һȤ£Χͬѧֱ֡
ԪݡԪ໽һ
ԪͷԪ࣬ŵÿСȫǾһ̾ͳ˳
磬ˣɶʱģ𣿡
ԪݱˣŹԪһͨ⡣
Ԫһһش𣬲ʵѧУúòãɵˡ
ԪգգۣССԹѽΪʲôϲҹúòãҸ˵ҹÿɿˣϻܸС졣
ԪԪݲ˵٣ЦЦ𣬿úþͺá
˵óһǳŵģǵÿ첻׼ţСˡ
ۣ
ԪݿԪһĴǣ˶˷Ųֱ֣á
ڹԪǾ䲻ŵĻֱӾ֮Ժ
һᣬϿˣԪݼܻؽһÿΣԪѧУй˻ᣬȵ¿ΣһȥʳóԷ
ˣԪ϶ҪúÿѧУһġ
ѧУѧ󲿷ֶǴһԼȥʳôǮĲˣЩ򷹣ֱӾͷͼ̲˾͵ʳ
ԪȫʳóԵ˺١
ʳλյģԪһһ㣬ζֻ˵һ㣬ҲֻһĭӼӵͻùԪֱü
ٿԪСӣֲóߣӪز
ԪȴԵúܿģһڵֻǮٶٶʳóԣҲýԼһŹ
ֲ˳ԵĻȴǲࡣ
ԪҲ֪־ȻʸߵȴһϣŮǮֽŵˣ˱˼ҸŮǮ͸٣ԴŮ
ȴ˹ԪݵӪ⡭
Ҳ԰ɣϾʱö˼Բﻹ뵽档
ԪʵȱǮ𣿡
ԪݸհһڷԪĻҡҡͷʹһڷ˵ȱĸ磬ԴӴżҰ˳ԼԼ㣬ʣ²١
ԪüΪʲôżʣǮ
Ԫݲ˵ˣСƣżҵ㻨ǮҪңҪ͸Ÿ״ÿθ״žͲ׼ҳԷֻſΡ
Ԫÿ̲סһģֱӺŵùԪݲǺ
ûµĸ磬ȥˣԺҲˡ
ԪҲ֪Լ˵˻æԪ˳ë
š
ԪɫûлָžջӲˡ
ԭ߶ЩеûĲԭȥԼŮŹ
Ԫݻڳ壬һٲǵöӢٶٶǸǮģ
磬Է
ԪݼԪɫãʹԪ⡣
Ԫֶлظ˹ԪݣѾˣȱԣڳöԵ㣬ʮʱǱ㳤øߡ
ͷñŮЩŮʮ͵һһߣܲһҡ
Ԫֻһļɼж಻á
ԪСһףҵϽԷ
ԪЦЦССûĻͦߵġ
ԹԪŹԪѧУȦʳûͿһ֮Ӱǰȥ
ĺͻȻסһתͷͿԪϤ©һģڵصô
áԪ൭ؽһ䣬ѯż
ӲͷƤҼҾԱߣҲҵѧУҾ䡣
ʵ˼Ԫ˵ѧУڳﱸ޽ᣬǹʿ費ҪʱģûʵԪࡣ
ŶԪӼĿУѾ֪ҪҲûжʡ
ԪڹԪͼƣͻȻ˵ʶ㣡Ǽݵĸ硣
͹Ԫ˶Ԫȥ
ԵģҾǼݵĸ硣ץץͷЩ˼Ԫݽܵðû뵽Ǽݻء
ǡԪݷһ䣬͵ѣǳˣ

ֱסú͹Ԫйڣ
Щ㷲ؿ۹Ԫ࣬Ԫ಻Ϊ˸óʰһٰɡ
˵ԪһƽضԹԪ˵
ԪգգۣЩ졣
ǿѧˣŮѧУͬǣиţԪȴûС
ƫƫ·Եʱ򣬻ҫգգ۾ԪݶʱͲˣ˵˾䣬иҾû𣿺ߣ
Ԫ˵СȴˣԴŮʹ˽ӣڰʱʱľҪȽһ¡
Ҹһװˣ簫
ûѣ
Ҹѧ
û˵
Ҹ糤úãһ㣡
û˵
Ҹ𣿡

ҸҶ飬𣿡

ҸҸҵء

ȫ඼֪ݸԪݲԸȴû뵽˸໥ʶѡ
磬һȥϿˡ
ԪԴŹ׼ŵĨͣȴԪ๴סá


42 
ԪؿŹԪݡ
Ԫݶʱ񱻷, йһ˫ۿŸ, ׼ȫ̽ʱ, Īͳͷ
ԪݣǸһװˣͷԶ, Ųȷֵĸ, Ҳô
Ԫ, ݣ
ԪݶҪݸԭɻ, һ仰, ͳ׸̡
ݶԹԪ˸, һ̧ͷͿԼҸض
, , ôҲѧУ
Ե, ˲ɹԹŮ
, ؿ۹Ԫ, Ԫɫ, پͷܲ
Ԫݹ˲, æԪͣ, ˵Ҳû˵߸ĻǼ˵ܺ绽, Ҳš
ԪԽ˵ԪԽҲԽ
ݼԪתͷͰˣţ˵Ҳû˵Ҹ˵أҲ˵Ҹºˮ
ԪֱͷûУ
ݵʲãУ
Ԫ࣬

ˣֹûС
ԪһְڶҪĹԪϡ
Ҳݣ˵ˣ
硣Ԫؿ˿Ԫࡣ
硣ֺõؿ˿
ȥͬѧǸԪƽؿŹԪݣ
Ԫͷһƫƾʲôֲһ˵Ĵ
֣죬ŲҪԪݵǸ
ɫһ壬ҡҡͷ
Ԫ˫һعԪݡ
ԪݶʱͲˡ
żΪѵ˵֣Բ𣡡
Բ𣡡ݿ˿磬ҲԹԪݵǸ
Ԫõ̬ȣüûй׷СŮ¾СŮԼ
żЦЦ
ʼʾν
üλ̬ȣҲ
ԪȴӶͳһѴݸݣԡ
ܳҲóһûгԵıǺ«ݸԪݡ
ԪݶʱҲЦտӹǺ«λк˵ЦĻ˽ҡ
ͬѧԪݺͼһ̤ͬңʱ°Ͷ
һ򲻺ϵʲôʱˣ
Ǿʲô
ȻǴʲô˵ĸ˿粢еĲٳϡ
ֵףȻȻγһķ羰ߡ
ЩѾЩ¶ഺŮǣڽ¥ϣȺĶ˵˵ЦЦ֡
˾ûвΧ˵ĿһȻԵš
û뵽þȻͬͬѧͦԵֵĹ
ԪڲٳȦ̲סȿڡ
Ԫ൭ص˵ͷ
ЩΣ׼Ԫĵ뷨ֻӲͷƤ˵ǸԲûаý̺ã
ԪЦЦЩΣûй˼ϾҲдСӵ¾ԼȥҸղֻ飬롣
ŶЩ졣
Ԫ࣬ˣղ˵Ҿڸ
šһţԪ಻뵽Ͱɣһûʰ
ȻԪһǣҵ𣿡
̫ðɡͷߣǹԪЩ˵ͲڼʰӾͺá
˵ţϹԪ࣬ϹԪͲѿ¡
ԪЩʧ䣬𣿲ҾͲȥˡ
һĨԥֻǲ̫ԪһԼҾ͸һҲӡ
תһ룬ʲôµʱԪ඼ҲûڵıҪˡ
Եü⣬ҹԪ°ô࣬ŶùԪʵ˵ȥ
㣬ûʲôģ軹ȥҼֲ֪ͣҵַϣø轻
ҧź˵
á
ǹԪͱ쵽ҡ
һЩһССԺӣӵķ˶
һмΨһһҪҪ˯ҪԷҪд˵ǰֲͣĺŻУиѾ˺õĻС
衣ỽ
ĸ̧ͷԻվһλߴӣٶֱͦǹŵǳЦһǸĺúӣʣλǣ
λ˵λչҵĹԪࡣ
ĸáԪҲЦŴк
ĸ˲ӵվ˫ʹԼǰΧȹϲֱֲҲණһסԪ֣лͬ־չǼˡ
ԪȻһסЩϰߣҲûоʲôʣ˳ӵ˵Ӧõġ
ѽĸŹԪ˵˺һͨлĻְסͷﶼûʰ˿̿ȥÿ˿ЦǼææȥĨŰʣùԪ
ԪҲ飬ȵ档
Ҳһ԰æʰ޳һʵĿռ䡣
Ԫͦ˼ģεؿһĸ鷳ˣҵԼ˾ͺãԺһҪ

ĸ
˶һ£Ҫ
ԪᣬɫҲΣæ͵ģҲҲж飬еĻʳã롭
û˵꣬˹Ԫ˼ҼҴ
Ԫ࣬Ҳ˼ǻӼԴˣ˵ģǮᣬȻҲĸһֹѡ
ĸæ֣Ҫʲôֹѡ
ֹҲߣһҲ飬ĸǲҪƳٵĺãϾǲֻһ٣һֱӳһԵ
Ԫúȫֻһٷ˿϶˵лȥ˼ҲѲΣֲǴ˼ңϲ˵϶Ҳǹȥġ
ֵܶҪˣο
Ԫ࿴˿ɬ֪Щʲô
Ԫ࿴ͷƤ飬ҲеǮ˼ҿ϶˼ùԷ
ǮһҪյģ˰ЩǮٲԪݵĻʳϲͺˡ
ǼѼĸһԣֹһӣĸյ˵ͷԹԪ˵ǹͬ־ɣԶٱ㷹ҵգҲ÷ġ
ԪȻ˵ʲôѾȻģԺȥٳǡ
֮ĸŲ򣬼ŹԪӵļһȦ
˿˯ֻǿӵĴԪֻͷڷ
ǰľһʵĴеģû뵽Ȼһֱ˯öӵĴ
죬ӿһһĪ뷨
С׻û˵ڡ
ϣĸһӵĺòˣԪҲѹԪݽ˹
˺òóԺϲθڣÿԪϲǲϲԪ໹ﻮ
ڼĸϷˣһֵľϷСˣ̵УʳûмͻֳζĴ֪˶ٱ
ǹԪͿԪһϳ뷹ͷʱǷŶߵġ
˶ԪݵķŵˣԪһ䣬Сӣ壬Եöࡣ
ȴ¹һ¹Ԫݵθˡ
Ԫڼÿĵʱ򣬹־ٴαïס
ΣüĿ𣿡
ǹ־ҽԺֵ࣬ʱ侭־칫ܵĽïȻ־ĹϢġ
ǴŻͲס־㡣
־㿴۽ïѰ칫ҵһء
ïʱΣ
־Ц̧ѹѹģλҽӦˣϵñܣǱߣܽһİ˸ɵá
ïҲɵӣ־Ļ롣
ĸڴסԺ˵ûа취εʱ򣬾Ѿ˴󲮣ᶫң˹˼ҵ
ԼߣֻҪ˵˰൱õٷ֮ʮȨҲ
ؼ⻹ڣҽףϾһδ棬Ҳ¶ҽжԴ󲮲
תһ־òܣ󲮾ΣҲͬһûһΪ̨ɱ󲮡
뵽ЩïѾҡû⣬һ˵ܰٷְٳɹ𣿡
־ҡҡͷïҡ
־ЦЦٷְҿ϶ǲܸ֤ģϾ޾ԣûгɹ֮ǰ˭Ҳ֪лᷢʲôǲ
λҽҲ˵ֻܾһԣܲܳɹõ½ۣٻشңܹȥ˵
־ҲǿïͲ֪б£Ҳôһ飬ٻȥٺúõ롣
ïҧҧζһ٣лļʣǿɾһᶼûˡ
粩һ
ï֮󣬻صң͸ĸ˵顣
ĸտʼ˵ʱһĲš
ϾԼĴһ٣滹ͦģ˲ȨרβЩרҶ˵βãһİҽܹκã
Ǳƭ˰ɡ
һպôҽԺύһƪı档
ȻҽԺǱڣܹһЩ¶ġ
˵Ǹ־һЩϵ˵׼ⲡܸκá
ҲäĿ½ۣȥָ֮Լһ
һҹϸڶ۽ȥˣž
͸˵һͻлᣬǿɾһᶼûУֻܿŴ
ôһ˿ϣôҪץסϣŶԣβҲǴ
ĵڶŽѵʱ˵顣
ȻѾҪѹȵ񾭣侭ԲѣһôһСʱѵģֻÿζͷʹѡ
ܵܵĻЦЦӾǲҲŲ˼ˣҽ˵ĲҲֻǸֲˣʱǣɴһѣǷģѾĴ㣬ٲҲڲȥ
ֻôӦ¡
һ£嶼ɲ٣ͷûôۣܵ˵Ц˵֮Сǰ²٣վкӣܵµģҪţһܹСıһݺò¡
ҡҡҲϹèӣԼĶëһѣⱲҪĺÿºˣ⺢ȱҲŵ㣬Ҳͦá
ĵҪͽïȥ¾ǴöӺúһ飬ȻЩëûиĵҲǿЩë£ïôһ֪ڵġ
ô˵ҪģǴͻԼûãԾԱżʵĹһ£û׼벻Ч
ĵȫһ
ĺ룬ȷʵҲǰڼﶼûиһɫܾ⺢ƤʵǸģЩ
ǰ죬ѽïһԺúõؿ佱һ
׵Ŀ佱ïûȥʼռǵûҪ죬ֻƮ¾͵
Ŵҵעڴ󲮵Ĳ⣬ïһﵽš
뿴Ǹصҽ׳ʲôӣѵ˲ɡ
һһû˿ʼȵҽǿʼϰ֮ΧһȦïһֱڽĬĬעš
󲮵ʮ㣬Ǹ˿϶ڰ˵ŵʱγ֡
ҽԺôøʶҽȫʶֻҪһİҽǸҽһǸˣ
ԪҽԺڹ־İ칫Ҵð״ӣÿ֣αװɹ־һžҽԺǱ߿Ѳ͹ͺȥҿʼ
ԪкһûгҽԺԸֱóĬЩȻûκ˵ĻɣǶΪѧУǱ˸˹ڹ־ʵϰ
ҽԺͼֲ֣ǽ־㻹ҪһʮָѶȵѧԱԱԹۣǲ˹֡
һԪ͸ڹ־һʹкҽɵؽңֻûпһȺһ˫ֵ۾
ô
ïֱŵһƨڵϣҲû뵽־˵ǸҽȻĶӹԪ࣡
ȻԪı˷ʹſ֣Ϥ˻淢ֲˣԪ˫ѹȸеԶˡ
ΪԪһϵĸоôеҪԪСܣ
ڲʱʮֻֿţԴһƬհײ֪ôźá
Ϊһܵ׵Ŀ佱еˣ˿ĵĸѾȻ޴棬ֻʣ˿־塣
ǹ־㣬ïп»ûôţϾ־ôڡ
ïʮ춯˾Բǹ־㣡
Ϊ־ⱾʩչˣԲһϡ
ŹԪ࡭
ïûеס
ԪŶꣿ
ʮ꣡
ҽԺϹҵʲôҽѧרҵҽ鶼ѧȫ𣬾ǸҽʮҲѧеľɡ
Щһһڽïðýïƽ޹ʵľðһ亹
󲮿˰ɡ
СղһʱҪ㶼ûҵˣ⺢ӣ첻ͦµĽôһ㶼¡
İѴͽҺۼһ۾ͿȺĽï˲˳һͨ
Ǻµ죬ï󱳶ˮʪ׵Ҳû⣬Ц̽ʵ֣ҪͲˣ
ֵĿһï㼫ɵ󲮻佱ţô˵Ҳ㣬˵ʲôʱǷһ㡣
ïǽһӲͷƤ˵֣ǸҽһҪѧղô졣
ļǵõ˶ţïʲôʱ㻹˵Щǲû󲮵Ĳﰡ
ïᣬ֣˵ܰ
ƨǲǸҽҲҪŹΣĶԶӳ׵ʧȥģ˵ҪҲ㣬ôһͷ˻ڣ㻹벻Ҫ󲮺ˣ
ĵȻҲɵӣڸ綯֮ǰͺúõĲ־ĵϸ־ǴʱھһֱҽԺҽôһֱԹδôܻƭǡ
˵ŽЦĿһ۽ïĸֶ˵ЩʲôɣŵʲôôԼ״󲮶ˡ
ǣûУïĴƫƫп˵
ZϫFՈPע


43 ש
ڹԪѾ־λ, վλ־վλ
ҽȻΪҪ, ־Ҫһİҽ, ǶǱǰкģĬûжʡ
𣿡
ڵµ͵˷Ԫһ׼, һΧҽʵ
˿̻ѾĽ˽, ҽһСԪ౨
š
Ԫ, һ߶ԣһ, һ߹, ھӵȷ, Ÿʽʼ
ʱѾ߹ģ, òһǰ, Ԫҽտ, ҲҰٷְȷвκβ
ڳҽȹԪ, ˵, ʵҲǽĦġ
ڵļĴ­, һǶֵȥѧϰ, ѧϰһ㣬ȥǾͿԴչ, Ӷ
ǿǱȹԪҽҪŵöࡣ
Ԫһ󣬽ƽҲޱרע, ϵյʮȣֶ
ʽʼҽʼϢһ߹עŹԪĶһĽ̻Ը
ԪҲ֪βҪ̻רⷽҽ߶ЩͿ̸еרҵ֪ʶѿڶ
ȻЩרҵʹԪҲûпĶ˼ûٸĵıҪһʵЩҽҽԾľʹ˽ȥ
Ҫ˵ûзһǲܵģЩѧϰҽߵɽһⶼùԪ赭дؽȥ
˳ٴһͻôķ
ʱһһȥĽ˶ȵЩͷˣڵ¶ȻͣǰԪڵҽ˿϶Ѿˮ
Ѿеؼʱ̣ͿԪһ
ڹԪеһѾҲţһȥеѾгûзκ⡣
˵Ŀⶼһɣбϲ֮ɫĬûк´ŵԪࡣ
Ԫɫճרעֻͷϵĺˮ˼֡
־һֱڶӴ֣һ˿һĵģ˿̼Ѿɹһ룬ҲһԺ
ΪһӶ
ڣĵˣζѾȫܵδ򿪵ſڣһʱ֪Ϣ
ʵڵȴϵ֪ϢҲһġ
˶ΣΨïɫҰף·飬һҪܵĳ嶯
ĸСʱĸСʱڽïĿνǸŵһֱ۰мӵĴ󲮣һŻƱӵĺȥ
ӴЩܶƽȹ
ǧ°
󲮣ԲԺҲ³çˡ
ڽïһһļ尾ޱȡ
־һҽɵ˳϶һ΢Цü仹мֽ֮ɫ
ķ򸾴ʱﻹעЩһ־ͼææȥѯʣҽɹ𣿡
־ժ¿ã˵ǳɹ˻農һʱ䣬ĵȴ
־Ļ䣬ľͼץס֣ƣ۾¹ȴ̫öɿʲѵ촽ͣ䶯ţллллллллҽ
øлǵıְܹӹŹһҲɡ
־㵱˶ҽԴ࣬仰Ͱѽĸ
ï󲮵ɹ󣬷˫Ҳֲס˳ƾͻȥ̱ڵϣǵĺˮҲȥ٣Ұ׵ɫÿ֡
ããӵģûаѴ󲮸
ңң
İ󣬳־ƣһм֮ɫСʵ֪λҽҴ磬Ӧ֮꣬úøлһھƵ궨˰ỹȥ͸⣿
־΢΢һЦҽѾרͨ뿪ˣлͲˣǸϲ͵ϲ˴
ŶïЩʧ䣬ִȻ˻뼸λҽ͸档
־ƳҽЦʢȴǴҾͶһ˰ɡ
ïֻŶԪѾ뿪ˣž˼ΪСš
ƾԪҽھǺˣСܣ˼Сܻ࡭
ïɫѿ
ԪĳһĻĻذ˳Ŵһ
ңҪչԪΪСܵʱûаѻ˵ôֱףֻ˵ѣ½½Ԫ˲ٺö
Ӧ͵ЩãùԪ˾ľ
˿ˣ
ïɫ¶һֵ⣬ҲһǴ⿴˵۹⻹ͦġ
ԺɲùԪ൱Сܿˡ
ïƨɺͱĸݺݵشһš
ʲôأɥһǲų̂㲻İ
ĸλҽ˵껰תͷͿɫı粻ʱðɣش˽š
ïһˤڵϣƨһɻʹϵ·ͺ˲ٻҳȥʮǱ
û뷨Ҹղ󲮸ء
ïӵ룬զףǧҵҽκô󲮣ȴᣬ
㣿ĶĶʧ͸ղ󲮶ʱΪûǲڴʲô⡣
ûУïбŭˣΪʲôʲôòϿɡ
Ļ˵ʲôסģδ£Сͱˡ
һĽˡ
ü΢˴֮ǰ˵Ļ𣬲һζĴҲҪ˵ˣСҪ󲮵˼ڵܳɹ𣿡
ïĸ׵ĻᶼҪˣʹͷ
Ķʱſڽ࣬Žï˵ѵղ˶ӣ
ģ
õǮȥˣһˣ
ʹ֪Լ˶ӣҲϴи׸ϴĵǮò
ٵȻһ㣬ӰͳŴŽӣ绹ҪҽǾ͹˲㣬ξйֶͷǮȥˣɣ
ïǮвʵؿ۽ģǰСӺ尡
Žŭδ˫ۣջûٸǺǮƨˡ
úǰȺһ˵
ԪҽԺ뿪ʱѼꤣĸСʱĸ߶ȼͰեˣ˿̺޲ܹһͷţ
̧ͷ˿ɫѾ˷㣬ٻؼ鷳ҪӵӢãɬĴǣĪЩһ˳Է
ʶʵȰȰȣĶ
ȰȰȺȻĴǿģæһַ
Ԫһֳɱȥ
ʱѧУԺĹϸɵûκεķװ¶žݵֱۣİʮש̫ɫƣ֮ɫڼʲô
Ԫ߽⺢Ӷû֣һ߶ţһƥשһëǮһǧƥשһǮһһƥʮǮͣ
ۡ
ԪֱûסЦ


44 ҵ
ԪʵЦ, æשһ˫۾Ԫࡣ
ʣô֪ġ
ԪǵЦ, ûѹȥͱ, صǲЦҡ
ûУש𣿡
Ԫһ, ʵ
һĲ, ֲǵһαԪЦ, Ҳûȥ˿ΧɵȻ, ص, аɡ
ԪֻҪһ뵽˵һҪһƥש, ̲סЦ, Ŵʵ, һ˶ˡ
ԶԼһСطשͷЩ˼, ǧ
Ԫ඼ﲻסЦ, һӰǮĶ˵һҪһƥש
ԼԼʹľ񵽵ǴĶѧġ
Ԫ۾Цͱ, 򴽲, ԹԵԼСƳש
Ҫòſߡ
ԪЦ֮ҪĶ, ˲Цˡ
ûʱ߰
Ԫһ, ߣԷ
ü˦Ԫ, ֱֱ˵ڲ
Ԫ࣬
Ԫʱ¶һ˵ɫ
ĥǲԼղ˵Щأʵôһģţһ㡭
ȥԷԪԴ̽ʡ
ð⳵ש˲ߡбעõĹͷеĻŵ˵
ԪƳİ֣æҰ㡣
ûպƽ⣬㷭
üԱ߼ʱסûùԪ
ЩСĵ㣬һƥשҪһǮġ
ɡ˵żͽӹСƳϵķ֣ȵǰȥǵĲײˡ
Ԫ࣬
Ƶ̶שĵطͷ˵󣬹ͷ弾յĹʣëǮ͸ԪȥԷȥˡ
ķв٣оƵꡣ
ԪҲûίԼ뷨˼ҲСľƵŽȥ
ͷ˳˵Լյûţ֪ԪҪָߵطԷ˵ʲôҲҪؼһ·
ԱһˣЩҪˣԪ༰ʱż֣õ䡣
ȻŲôԪΪ⴩˼ţֳòһǸǮ˵ӣԱ۾ŹԪ೯һȥ
ҾƵİŪû滹趬࣬ǽϹżڻŽƵü۾ֱˡ
û˸ߴϵĵطԹɵЩִ
Ա΢ЦŸϲˮŲ˵ݵԪǰ˼
Ԫ಻ؽ˵ݸ㣬㡣
ӹ˵ֻǿۣͰѲ˵˻Ԫ࣬ɡ
Ԫüһڲ˵ϵĵˣһۼ۸ְѲ˵ݸٵ㰮Եġ
ᣬĸԪʡǮʡǰɣָŲ˵˵һһݡ
תͷȥԪķӦԪȴЦŶԷԱ˵ͷЩɡ
Աϲ̵شŵ˵ȥˣһ˾½½ʼ롣
ԪʵǶòУӾͿʼüĿɿڴ
һμԪԷ˵Ĳע
ѵ˵ҼĸŰԣ
Ҳǿġ
һ˫ޱͬĿ⿴ŹԪ࣬벻һǿƵĹԪڼҲǸ۸С
ԺһҪԹԪһ㡣
żĸԪһŹǡ

ԪԵøˣͲյйŹǣ̧̧ͷ
Цÿ˿Ц¶ţü΢˿
ԪּһҲԡ
ƽеĺ⣬治ɫĳԵһ˰
˿࣬ʵûڣԪͼ
ԹԪȥˣǮ
֪޲ܻؾƵǸղûĲ֭ٺ׷ͷٳ룡
ϧ͸͸ĲЩԱѾʰˡ
ϧˡ
ﰵ̾һ
ԱһĹԪָһɫżڽϺҹţÿһҵӰԺ۾ʵ뿴Ӱ𣿡
ЩݣѧУڴӸ۵ǱƼĵӰ˵ûɫŪҲϰµġ
ԪʲôףֱӰԺȥ
ڵĵӰԺûʵĴĻһŵСӣһŰײͶӰһڶҵӡ
Ԫżҵ΢ʹӰӽǻԵλ
һ¾һС˹͹٣Ҫ𣿡
ǮԪƣ˾䡣
ëһСӿóһԪƴֽʰװ
ԪͷҪһ
뻹ˣ߹ԪëǮһ
˭֪Ԫת־ͰѹӸ˼

֪͸ëǮһˣʣһëǮ
ûõӰԺ½½ˣûһˣſڶż
ΨһһյõĵϨ֮һٹӵӰԺһʱĻϾ͸ֳŻζͷ
ȵӰԺ˵ԺýӰʽʼ
ζĳŹӣ۾һգҲգؿĻ
ԪЦЦҲֲסһͷڼ˯˹ȥ
𾢣оһأƫͷȥơ
ǽ΢ĵƹ⣬Ԫ˯βסϵƣüͷȥʲô۳
ŹԪͷԼϥϣԼڹԪϣָƽԪ˯šŵüͷŹԪĺ󱳣ĿתؿŰĻ
һӰȥԪ໹û˼ҲֻҪƱӰԺһ춼ûй㡣
ȻƱˣֻ˼˾Ͳٹע
ſӰ춼ˣԪתѣһ۲ŷԼһİĵط
ѹԪබ·ССĴ˸Ƿ˯ˡ
ڼˣԪʶֿ˿ηԼûб
а˾ŵˣҵӰĳˡССرԹһ䣬֪Ʊ粻
Ԫ༾ͷǳЦԵ֪ˣԹţû
ҡҡͷԪһˣûôӻǱġ
Ҫؼ˰ɡ·˶Щ䡣
áԪ໹ٸһᣬҲô˼ûлؼң︸ĸ϶Ҳĵý
˹ӵӰԺ뿪
Ʊļˣһռλþͱˡ
˸һӰԺںſӰĽïҲȻվ
Щϲû뵽ӰϹԪֱ࣬һᰡ
ԪԺɾһܸߣͽסˣ˵һ޳ɲ
ïúܺãɱӰԺ׷ϹԪǡ
ˣֵܽ鲻Сܡïβ׼ĨǣǰֱԲ䡣
ֱŭˣûôҪĴ磬ֱӵڹԪǰ˫ۣУҵģ


45 С
ضŽï, ⶼʲôͷˣСܡϱ, ûģ
ïɵ, ԪٳȫŪɶ
ΨԪһȼһҡҷС磬һԾһԾżǾҵĶθ, ֱѶȥ, ʹԪĶ
顪顪顪
ÿһε, һɱչУȫϸӻԾһϲø, һڴС
ָо, ˲, ůʹ˹, ڶ캮ХҹҲо䡣
Ԫδָо, ļ, ʹҪԼǰļ§ڻ
ǺܿƵοסԼ
ԪһЩȻ, ԼĸƺЩԾ, ָ鲻Ӧ÷֮, Ӧ÷֮Ŷԣ

Ԫü, ȫ޷ԼŮһĻ档

ԪٿһĻĻһĻ棬ǿƲס, һ뵽ͻúá
Ԫ࣬
Ǻãͯ
ï˶ò, ʲôģҲģ
׼һ
ò˹ԪµһȡСܵͷժˣɲУ
ԪֻĴ磬һ˵Ĵ磡
ïòᣬ˵оͲаʹͬ־ʲô˰˵ķ
ҡһʱ˵
תһ˫ؿŹԪࡣ
ԪδϹСܡ
һ̼̲סȻûá
Ԫ౻˫˵ﻹ˵ϽïС漾˳˳ëһûиïҶģ˵
ףһںڵͫȻâϵǳһ˸
ùԪҲƲĿ⡣
ۣïζҪըˣòǧ˥һشӴɳԳԪ買飬ȵˣ
֪
֪ڻϵʱ͸ðͽסԪ࣬˵ʲôҲܸڹԪƨɺԣںˣ˵⣬ûеúȶһ⡣
ȿȿȡ
˻ε񣬽ï̲סĽÿԴ˼Ҫġ
õԪĿ϶һĶƮƮȻĻŭšϲʤ
Ŭõģáʵ˹ԪϿɣɹ¹ԪµһСܵͷ
Ҫ˵һЩʾԹԪԵ겻һһ⣬ïϣЩõؿŽï㻹ʲô¡
ҡïǲ۾һۣʿˮúǰ÷ʱͷ
Ǹϴ㻹ȱСܲҸС
ï߾ȹ
ȻɹԪĵϵСܣסԪСܣСеһҲ
ͷҪС
ղŻСʲôá
ҪԷ㣬˯㣬ɻ㣬ΪҪԪడ
СһöûС
ïЩӶͳһǮڴǮҿԸϹǲҪǮҲԸṩѽֻҪһ£洫浽
ï޲ðԼ˵ɼʵ۵Ʒֻë˴ؼҡ
ǮͫײԾ촽΢ţ΢оա
ղôû뵽Щء
һǱԪƫˡ
ϵŽïשҲǿԵ𣿡
ǵġïԸ֣ôСֵ⣬²塣
һ䣬ֻҪСܣĪ˵ǰשأɽҲһüͷ
æڰ֣΢΢Цţʹڰ֣ҲҪϵɽ»ҾҰשֻҪͬ⣬ӽСˡ
ïĶֻǾӽСˣһûȥȥҲûеһ¡
ͷûϴ󣬴ӽԺΨհ
á˿̿ïҲ˳࣬ϲԹҪǮСܣ
˵ýïȥеΧѾˣԶﰵƵ·ƶϨˣ·˶ûУҲ֪ʱ䲻ˣٲȥ︸ĸ϶ģï˱
ԪһԿżƽïһַ졣
ҴСѧļ־衣
ǳЦŴӽï·ļѹסЦɤɲúøɣҿ㡣
˵Ԫ̤źڰ׷żıӰȥ
ï˹Ԫġ˸˼ѪƵģѪҺڲѡ
Ǳи佱ˣ
Ҫ֪ԪԼϵ붼벻ĶһȴĿ佱͹ҫ
֮ǱԼϵǶˡ
Ȼ߾ȹǶԵΣⲻˡ
ïĦȭƣ¶ҪһúøԼλϴչʾһǳԼԴΪԪŶӵһԱ
Ԫһֱͽſڣŷġ
ҲԪڼЪһģϾˣǼĴ˯һ˶Ǻ˵ټһ˸ĹԪࡣ
û˼˵޵ĻֻίԼλϴҹͽ߻ȥ
ҴһأԪڼվʮӣֱҲڵĶŴʧ߻ؼҡ
ŹԪҿŲԶľ룬ҹֳûУԪ߻ؼҵʱѾ°ҹˡ
˿ڴ˯ü䲻ȣһСڱͨ죬ˮӶǵ䣬кöڸԪ࣬ǲӴԪ࣬ż⣬˵䡣
ȻһתֿԪаЦݣһѲڶһŮӽʡ
ȻԪƹַԼ飬ò˲
ҪҪ
ƴҪֹҪ˽˵ģǵǰԺûܹüҲûܹ˵һſʲôˡ
ȰȰȲԴӼĺɶһӾĶͷϣһ˿٣-Үôյ
ȰȰȲҵ󣬼æ
׼˯ĹԪȰȰȵͷ˵ʮ𼱵£Ȼ
ȰȰȽˣյʮٲεĻпɵ
Ԫؾѹһߴһʵô¡
ȰȰȲǰ쿴ӰʱԼ˼СʱĶⲻͷˡ
㲻˵
Ԫˡ
ǻڣæԸǱҿûθðյҩιԵ㣬Ͼ͵
Ԫ˿Ѿҽҩ䣬ߵԺҵһƽʱ˺ϰҪõĴгСҵĴţҽһºֵгϴֳϰɣ㲹Ǯ
˵ʹгš
СһұԪೳѣ·ûдþ׼ͿԪгʧҹɫ
ֱţһûдӦأ
°ҹʱָմӿֻ£һС˶ˡ


46 
ҹ, ֵ϶ĵģԪгӼžĽֵϷӶһĨƵû
˶˯, Ķ飬۵ֻۣ˯ʱܵƬ̵Ϣ, ˶˯вԸ
ͻȻ, ⴫һһε
ҷȻ˯ͦѵ, Ԫ໹ûļţ˾ʹ˯
ԶӶԷ￴֮ɫ
ĸææ·ֵһ˭
˵첽ߵűߣţûż, һľһţǲ֮ˣͻᵱ°
ĸҡԪԼ, ֪ڲŪ, ִٿڡ
ĸһĨȣԼϰ˻, Сˡ
˵ľֵô, ʲô
ɻţǰŴ
һ򿪣ԪͼǻسҵСϷյļ
漾һҽҩҳҩתͷضԸļҷʵˮ𣿡
ҷ򸾱ɻԪΪʲôҹܵǼһյòﻹ˵æͷУȥ㵹
ĸææůˮﵹһˮݸԪࡣ
ԪιҩƬڼҳѪܣõ롣
õľǼղ׼˵ľҺ֧Ÿˡ
ģܣһյͨļ𽥱ƽ˲һ
ʱĸŸоԾʵСˣô֪Ǽյġ
Ԫһ£׼Զżҷ˵ʵĸ£һȥӰҲСڵӰԺ˯˹ȥ·䣬Լȴˡ
ҷ򸾶һۣ
ﶼЩԹԪࡣ
ҲԼҶܹԪչ࣬Ҳչ˹Ԫġ
Ҳȥָ˭
ǷֻǵͷͲһĬĬؿżΡ
ԪλûָԼ˼ԼԼЩ
˵׾ͻϸĲŻü
ĸȥϢɣտͺá
΢һЩԪλЩήң֪컹Ҫٰȥ
ĸ˿ãڼЩɵģۣؼϰ鲻УҪϢã˵ӡ
ĸһٳڴϽתĶӣ̾һ˯ȥˡ
ĸ͹ԪΧڼСķԡ
ãĸʵѧҽ
ԪףţҸѧҽģСĿȾ֮³Ҳѡ˴ҽ·
˵ǸѧˣԪ˵꣬ĸԪ˲ͱòһˣ۾塣
ĸţԪ໹ЩڣҡҡͷǸרƱҵ㲻ʲô˾Ĵѧ
רƣ
ĸĸֻ֪ѧЩµĻеĶǴѧЩ߼Ķдѧ
Ҳ˲ˣôھǼţȥϻһ򿪣ĸҲͲѹԪ࿴̫⣬ྡ
Ԫ¶ɬ̫ƽ븸ͬһҽԺδЩĿǵ͵á
Ԫѻ˵ϼĸʲô׵ģڵľǿǴӿ΢ЩǮƵĶᱻʱַ䵽ũȥɿ
ЩǰƬĴ˼ҶûӹѣõĻһڣõֱӾȥν֣ĥ
ĸŶԹԪ˵ͷ˵öԣ꾩ﲻ̫ƽ͵á
ԪܼĸһûһţԽļĸԽԪ˳ۡ
СͦģϸǮб¡
ֻϧǸкҪǸŮһ׼
ϧˡ
ĸ̾С˯ȥĹԪһ̺ӣȥȫ緹ˡ
СŮ֪粡ˣ𴲶ŵģĬĬ緹Լıѧȥ
Ԫʱ򣬼Ѿˣ๾תһ˫¶۾
Ѻãæɻʵô֪ҷյġ
Ԫ࣬
һڿӸԼĸо
ûʲô͸߶ûһžͿ㷢գȻȾΪ
Ԫ΢ӲĲ⡣
Ӵ·Ĵͷȡ·ͳһС۷¶һ΢Цڰɡ
ȰȰϸ΢䶯¶ӣ˷ۣҹѣͱһɵˡ
˵ߣߣ
ȻȰȰȵ䶯΢Ҳеؼ֣¶֮ɫѽڶ
ѽ⣬ˣȰȰæ̯ڼһҲҶʮְԼˡ
˿ǰȰȰȸоԼԶˡ
ģҸղиоڶỹǸ߰ɣҲû߰
¹Ԫ಻һĽ͡
̳һֺܻߣиǮһͻᶯЩǮС̲ס͵͵ߴѧУȥ԰ڣ˼֪
Ԫ˼Ľͣ۾ۼеİȰȰȡ
ȰȰŵôҴ
Ԫûд˼һµ
ⲻһͨߣ߻Ҫ㶯ĳ򡣡
Ǿ棬ߵôãûзߵر֮ǲ̫ѽɷ˵Ϳʼ˶С۷ǱĳѲɶͻ
ȰȰȣ
ڼУС۷ķ
ŵϴһĲ˼飬ܷ̾ɰԪ࣬ɵҮ
ŹԪ˷ܵСһ
Ԫͷ˿Լץס̲ס֪߻ģͲðȰȰȱɾֹ״̬
Ԫõ㲻ооû׼淨
šʹͷȻŷڰеİȰȰȷѣôٻذ
ԡԪ
ƣ۷Ȼɻصġ
ˣ
ûмߣ
ͣؼеߣɻϵĵؿ
֪̳ߵ߾Ƿŵصģûмֻ˵Щŵص߻裬ᳪ裬һ⡣
ΪԪ͵Ҳ֡
ȰȰȣ
̳ܲЩ۵߶ԱЩ֪߹˶ٱ
ȰȰźţ޲üsssܣöģҰĴͳˣ
ʵ̫ˡ
ĵõģɲжġԪ͵
˵ͷҲ˵ֱҪڵĵغĹ⣬Ͳٶˡ
Ԫ΢΢ǳЦҲ˵ɡ
ĬĬذѰȰȰȻǻʡŵðɡ
Ȼָͷʼ̳һװص߶ҪʮǮһٿ𣿡
ȰȰȣ
źħ
˵̧ͷ˿ԪصӣЦһ˰ɣԼҲͦá
ˣҽǲʲôˡץץͷܾʲô
ѧУУ˫ֳﶳޱߵĽïһ¡
ϴأ


47 
Ԫ뵽ýïȥаש, ɫʱ˾ͺúϢ׼ܡ
ɵص˵ͷ
ȫĶҲȥ
ıָ, һǳҪ¡
ʲô벻
ԪŬӣЦЦ벻ͱ, ϶Ҳʲô¡
𣿡Щɡ
Ԫ϶, ǵģ, ٳһҩһƿˮõÿ졣
Žɵ˹ԪĻ
磬ΪԪĸһӵĺòˣüߡ
ϧΪԵ, ֻܳ԰ˡ
һ˫ÿ۾ȫǶԹԪԹ
ǿԳԵģΪԪһ䣬Ҫ嵭һ, ͰѰǰĻ˶ˡ
ֻһ̹ѵСˡ
Ԫ, һСԹģ̲סֱ, ԹˣĻˣ˶ǲĸò, ɱ𹼸˲ĸ⡣
˵ŹԪһӵˡ
ĸԪĻʱĻŭš
ڼô꣬ЩӾûһĿġ
ĳ˰ײ˭ܼẉ̂ˣܸܲԲ˸ɰɡ
˺öط⼸ˣû뵽ӻϡ
ϲ˵ﻹе㲻ĵġ
û뵽С⺢ӻͦ
ȻúӶǱ˼ҵġ
ԼҶӲ˳ۣƳۼûԾ͸ҺȰࡣ
ɫ̱÷ûĵĹԪֺ࣬õ˵裬ÿ˶óֻҳˣҵöѽ
ĸֲӵһһ˵Թʱɢֵò˵㲡ˣ軹Եġ
ضԹԪͷ
軹裬ƾ岻ߡ
ԪⷽԹԵس
Լû𵽰ãһȭ޻ƵģֻҲƲֵĵͷԷ
극Ԫֱżҩ˿Զڳůˮ̾һ治붯
иʹ
ѽҰѽïˡ
Сһ죬ڲϸï˵ˣһſڵ
һվͰ¸һɶ!
ƳһֻĹԪ֪࣬Ԫһ֪
ƵطһԼʵʵҪȥ
ԪסƢĺӣ㻹վڼҴŰɣ紵˻ͷۣȥ㿴
ؿŹԪ࣬ϳǵʱǸ˵˾Ҫȥ߲ܺõÿôֲһˡ
Ԫ࣬
˵ĸθǲᲢ۵
ܡ
ʲô˵
ҲãҲһȥɡԪվڼֱסЩ硣
Цŵ˵ͷɵظڹԪ࣬ಽѧУ
ïѧУſվһ磬˶Ҫɵˣ鲻شӱǶҲվЩƲסڶ
ؼÿ·˶ʼһֹ
ǵ￴ˣͬ顢ȵȡ
Ҫϵ·ٴƾһ㣬ǰĵٷһȱ룬пܶװǮ
µѧһӺӵĸŮźָ˵ٲѧϰ͸Ǹһ޼ҿɹ飬ܼȡ
ïʱͺ޲ôӶͳһǮǸŮͷϣ˵˭޼ҿɹ飬أү!
ϧʱֶڷûüǮǸŮźˡ
ïһǽһίһ!
Դ̥ûܵİۡ
ÿһεҪʱҪٵʮӣ˻ͲС!
ʮʮӹȥï֪˶ٸʮӺ㿴бϤӰ
һ̣ïԴŹԣҫ
Ԫż߽ñɵĽïԾȵطվһ磿
ïӣ˲ỨýӲͷ­ʹͷ
緹Ҳûгԣ
ïٴεͷ

Ԫ೹
һֱΪïһˣȲ˿϶ȻȥˣٹҸůĵůů塣
û뵽ɵУſڿվһ硣
µվ졭
ïҲˢڼеĵ΢΢Ŵ촽ګګ԰졣
ԪڽɨһȦΧиָ꣬ҪҪůůӡ
ïָмصͷվһ磬ӵζʱʱľͱ紵ϢΪ˵ȼ̲סȥسˡ
ïһ¶ӲȣŹԪӵꡣ
ӵſӶŪůģýïҪɵˣֱӸ
öڵط
λҪʲô
ӵϰţк
Ԫ룬Ӱɣټ
մӼ˷ڻԪһǮ̲ססһͲõҵ˰ɡ
ԪЦЦĺȵůָͣ˵ֲӣȷҪ
Ԫ˵һ΢΢죬һࡣ
Ԫ໹ʲô׵ģЦŶϰӣɡ
ϡϰˬӦһ䡣
ܿṴ̃׵ӱ
ïѼ֣򴽣Ҳ̵ضһڡ
ζ˵һڱһľͳ˸׳졣
ӣȻȫůſӵϻ΢΢
Ϊն嶼оˡ
ԪԼЦûƭɡ
һͷԪǲƭһǮš
Ϣ˻ᣬԪඪïһðҩԼϰҪˮˮˡ
ïǽһм̾ԼȻûиˣֻиֶºõĴ磬ܹ׳!
ŶδģïһǻѪصȴżָ
繤ϹʱïżĲѧУǳĹʱͷˡ
һ˿ԤУïСʣϴʲô
ȺŹͷͲïĻԺգգۣש첻Ǹ㽲
!ï˲˿ɫ
Ϊİשһѣû뵽ģȥש
ï˿Լûô۹֣Щǳʵϴ㿴ܲܲᰡʵڲǮֹ
СһҲǮǮ͵ڻ¸Ǿְܸܻ¡
ïɵۣʣҸһйǮ
һۣϴǲǵð
ïͷ
æҪǮ𣿡
ïҡҡͷ
һģǲͶˣæһ㿪ʲôǮ
ïһ룬е
ʱѾҵǸ˵ĹͷһӣߣҴȥͷ˵䣬Ϳʽʼİש֮ˡ
ïһѣʱͬһѿ˵úҪҸש
ïʵڲȥשֻԪ
ԪԱЦüһһģһĪ
ïʺţǽİש


48 
ïڹϸ۵ֱ
שֱ˸ɵ£
һһǮ
˵, һǮûĻʳѹȱǮһ, Ҳа
ǰǮϵ㡣
һ, ҪǮغá
һϴ, ïֻͷһƬܲ
ͷ˿Ϊש˵֣ïԼȥˡ
˼תת, ҵ𾢵ļϴ󣬾שЧ̫ͣҶмæɡ
жˡ
ïһ, ʮ
ͷܴӦ𣿡ЩһӼôˣ϶˲ġ
ïһӰ, ȥ
ǽïͷ˵, ɻֻҪһ빤Ǯͺ, ʣµһԼ
ȻïĺɰˣֻҪܹ˫֣ͦ¡
Ҳð, мܵùæУǼҲȱǮöݼһһѡ
÷źû¸ɣߺȳԻǡ
û켾ֻһٶʮǮϲֱïСûմ
Ǯȥ˾̳
վڲǰϸѡųڷźõһžµֱ
ۻԱԭһֱģЩ£һ⣬ͷϻմŲٻҳƵģ˲ͱɫ
ͱ˳ǻò
ۻԱ˻ʾ⼾ߣòĳ
ȥһۻԱǰĳ
ۻԱղλ̬Ҫõö࣬мַܣҲǾü
ûٻطˣָָһɫֱʵǮ
ۻԱ̧̧ۣƤӣһ塣
üЩˡ
ǰͷۻԱ۸ͱɫһ䣬
Сˣ죬ǰۻԱܲһ㡣
ۻԱ˵һŲ۵ģ˿һǶ֮ġ
һͼˣСֵܣȱǮĻͰǮúôţЩʵʡ
ۻԱ֪ʹʮǮ¼ҲģȰ䣬һ̨¡
ûۻԱĻֿ˼ѡеֱĶԱһ£ٴοۣһ𣿡
һֱۼۣۻԱЩԸһϼ˫ϵʹص˵ͷаɡ
ص˵ͷۻԱЦЦ鷳Ұɡ
⻰ۻԱ㶣Լ˵ʲô
ͫ󣬲ȷؿżȷҪ򣿡
š϶ص˵ͷӺɰóһٿʮǮڲϣٴο϶ɡ
һöۻԱĿɿڴ´һȫǸǮ˰
ѵˣ
ۻԱҲκģֱˣǴװҲһˬؾһֱ
ȥһСֵܵˬ죬仰Ĺˡ
߸˵ˬؼۻԱЩղŹۿ˵͵ۻԱسЦҲп۵һ졣
ۻԱۣߵʲô˲ģȥˣҲһǮ
˲ɢ
*
ǰ죬־ĽڷˣһһǧԪ
һʾ޿һԳ򶨵ӢˣＰ䲻ȡ
ĥŸϽȥ
ùԪ˵Ҫ򷿣⼸һ߲ٳſһ׼£һ׼־ͬ³Է¡
ҺùԪݷżˣԪڼԲÿӣȻ޲һá
Ӣƻˣ⣬Щ˻ԼͺãԪ᲻üۣһٿǮҸƵ꣬ϯͳɡ
ӢֵЦۣҲûʹԪǮǴĶģ߸ȥƵˡ
ûӾƵӭײһ粻ĹҲûע˶ˡ
û°ɡ
Ӣæӵ
ʱӢſ壬ﳤͦεģһͷֺ˳ĳں󱳣һŶ쵰װ׾ģСģôÿ
СﱻӢ򴽣ſھ䣬һ̧ͷӢģ˵Ļյ߾ͱû¡
Ӣĵ˵ٿûˣпˣȥҽԺ򡣡
СҡҡͷʾԼû£ֻǺÿüһֱʲô֮Ƶġ
ӢҲײˣξߵģæʵСﰡʲôѴ
ǺÿСһӢ⻰ۿˮת˼ίƫƫŲ˵
˿žҼ
ӢüͷûôŮֲһߣæ˵СʲôѴ˵ɣû׼ܹһѡ
СӢ⻰жڰ°
ԭѰ׵ģڻǮ͵ˣҲûǮҲҲطסġ
ӢššüԼԼЩԾ˵ﲻԾ
Ӣ룬˵û飬ĳʶ֪ģǮҲˣȥҹҲ·ȥ
ӢỹҪȥӣʱЩ˵ҲһԵȫ׳
ɵۣΪˣλԪļĸӦûؼסһǣû뵽Ȼȥҹ
ղЩģȥҹſɾͳȥˡ
Щգôվ籾
ţεȴԣüС£鷳Ҳ̫ðɣˡ
ӢһĴȣˬʵû£ǾǵĹʮ¸λģڶʮ϶˻ݣǮġ
˵ӢֺȰο˵һҼҵģһҲãҵҲܰĵǲ
Σ
Щ˾ǲǹԪļĸҲֻڹԪٵǮӢƬ
ϳֻǲٴᣬ겻עϵ˾ͻʧ
ʱֻǸĻš
ӵеһУʧ
ܹòôΣҲصǰ׼ɹʡ
ֻû뵽òϹԪļĸ׼ͨĸٴνӴԪ࣬û뵽ȴ
㻹°ɣùңԼԵġ
ʵǱӢ߶ˣӢüһɴæ֮ɫỹ£׼ߡ
Ӣ˵˰ﶼ޶ԣҲһȰȰͷһ˵ɴ಻Ȱˡ
Уһм£ǴˣҵģСҼҵҪʵҲ˾ȥҹ
˵ӢͷҲصˡ
ֻ·ߵһ룬ӢٴſСЩþ
˸ԼߣЩðɣ
ĺ޶һС
ӢԼ֣ǰ£϶ǲµģܾĹȥ
ǹֲȥ֡
Ӣ룬۾һŮӼҼĨƤ˼ȥ֣ùȥͶˡ
Ӣȥ˵һѹǰ
Σҿȥģ
˺µӢˣ߸ȥȥˡ


49 
ҽԺ, ˹ۣҽԺ׳Ƶĵƹ˫ۡ
ҡû
۾ĳ, ֪ԼûĽۣʱһɽٺҸС
˸ͨ뺵ʱҲǿ־ġ
ֻһҪǿ, ԸǰԵԼܴ, װһں顣
˿̸ܵԼʵʵ, ۾Ҳ̲סʪ
һ۾۽գеĿ־嶼һɨա
磬ˣûио
һֱڲ￴Ľģ, ڼ֮ɫһţȴ˽Ĵϻޡ
գգ, ʾԼû¡
Ϊ˵, ææȥҽ
һ־벡һ, ʵвĵطգһ۾ûоգ¡
գ¡
־ķˡ
ָָϵʵ, ҽҸʲôʱȡ
־ЦЦȻͿȡˡ
˵Ź־Ͱｯȥޣ˳ͷţѿռֵ
俴ΪչЩƣĵܵܣʵСȥĶˡ
仹ǵܻ˽ï˿̲Щǡ
ϥӣƽʱæڹԼܼܵҵĺӶôעҲͿеʱʺ䣬̵ʶиǶôҪ
мʵõĵܵڣڶѡĹˡ
ľһ£˵СǸģȥˣˣʡĳ㡣
ף˵˾䣬СһˣЩ
˵ۣǳǳţĿһᣬۣŵܵܣ˵飬鷳ǰдǱɡ

ֱӾȵغ
Ǳֵܸ˵£һ㶼ᾪȣ˵£˶ëȻ
ɩɻʮ꣬ϥһֱӣɩԴ˦ɫͻסС꣬綼û顣
ôͨء
۾ûκα飬ʳָĴָţһ΢顣
üʵҪˡ
šӦһþ
̾ϢʵЩΪǲǺܿЦ
ĳĬŲ˵ˡ
ɩĸ˲ò֣ö˵ʲô
ǽҳǺܺãһͨͨũңСҪҺʹܵõΡ
һּģȫ׼ȥͶԶݣ·ϲ㶼ҪˣʱиҵС·ӸЩʳ硣
һۣͶС
ξΪЩɾͣҲھվ˶档
꣬粻ϼȰǿȢ˾С㣬סһС˴֣֮·Ҳʹ˶͡
ǺսϲηλȻǲȢҵС㣬Ҳֹڴˡ
һϷĵĻǽֿ϶һѻǾСмپ֮飬Ӵ˹ϰͷϵӡ
ϧϷվϷġ
ʵȴٲп᲻
ɩɻ󣬴ɩȴм磬ΪǴȣǼҺֹڴˡ
ǸǣͲʩʳ˴ͷǣǼҳԵùͷʣ
ЩһֱڶԴɩ֮У˾ɩԸӣԸ뽯綼
ʵǶ֪ǴǰȥɩһĻڡ
Ҳ˵壬ֻš
Ϊ˻û뵽粡һ˶ˡ
ûǰˡ
ǰţֻҪʱžͺãЦ
һ˫۾˷̡
ˣˣϲңҲƽ׶Թ֣ȥա
ЦЦ˵仰ֻȫɿ˲١
Щ꣬ΪĵΣÿӣԼҵʱ򣬶һִϢС
־Ӧŵġ
ȴûӲҪıƽʱ˵͸ôҲ÷⣬Ҳø߸ϡ
ǰΪ仰ԼΪˡ
ϾдҶԲ䲻ɣվǷġ
˵֧꣬첻ˡ
ų˲һ໹š
ѽҪ¸һ˵˶һĲš
ʱץĽïҲţ󲮺ʹ˻顣
н
ָĽȰ̧̧֣ýïǰ
ïŵ£Щ״Լк¡
Сæʲô
ʵ
ïһ㷲һСش𣬡Ǹһ档
ï˵űѵֻЦЦͦõġ
ïŵץץӣԵЩִ٣ĴЩš
ţ󲮽㣬ûа취ϵϸǸҽԸлһ¡
ï˼εٺãҲ˾Ľ䣬˵Żһ㣬Ҳӡ
ïһ⣬󲮲Ҹ˵£ֱǲζŴ֪֪Ǹҽ˭
Ҳǹʲôù󲮡
ǽïԾԼǸ־ˣ׳ˣнЦЦ󲮣Щ˶ǵģҰֶ벻˵ˡ
ЦøһЩ벻Ҳûйϵҿȥôõлһ£֮ǾŲʣǲԵǲ顣
ïһҲеҲԪòںЩССݵˣȻҪء
Ҿ԰ɣҪǲУ¡
ïŹ׼ȥòһ
ε˵ͷû˵ʲô
ȽïһߣĵĲͻȻһһװˣȥСڸʲô˽Ӵ˳ҲǸҽҳҴ
ǡ˶Խ˸񣬾˳ȥ
ïҽԺ뿪󣬾ֱԪҶȥ
ԪԺ︨Ԫдҵ
Ҳ֪Ѿͷô£öһ΢һ⣬СԴͲתˡ
˺ü⣬ԪоڽȥҪը
ǡýïĳ֣ʱ˹Ԫ෢ףȻԼڹԪݵǰ˺ø衣
ʲô¡Ԫ࿴ǰĽï֧֧ģ۾
ïƮһ£εˣⲻҴ󲮵˷ҪǸιҽȥңȥĶҰ
Ԫ࣬Ȼء
ȻⲻˣҪ˵˵ǸҽϲϳʲôҪ˵ֻҪǼܰ쵽һΪ쵽
ï񶼲ҿԪˣЩ顣
°аɣ֪ˣҸҵ˵һ˵ְøһҵ
ԪһֱעŽï飬ƮֱԼ˼һ̣˵
áïһϲϲԪݸҵȥˡ
һСʱ󣬽ï˶ˣô򵥵⣬㶼ᣬǽ𣿡
ԪŤͷ͸ԪС棬磬˵ɵӡ
û!


50 ͱ
Ԫû, ֱֱؿϵһӰ
úҵҳȥһᡣ
Ԫ൭طԸһ߳š
, ɣˡ
ԪߵʱӰѾ, ɨһΧ, ƽ˵
һᣬӵҰä߳һű, ˲˵ˡ
Դű˴ˣԳĬ
Ԫﰵ̾һ䣬ïǸԾնԼƫƫ֪
Ԫ, ˼һͶǰ˵߰ɣһȥҽԺ
֪ԼǸҽ, Ԫಢ⡣
ҽԺҲûй, 뵽飬׾ٵ¡
Ȼ֪, ȥҲûбҪ󷽷̹
û뵽ҽȻᡣ
俴Ԫʱ, Եһ¡
Ϊһ׷ԲԵˣ˭ҴӹĽ𷢱۵ĺ󱲣Ψû뵽һʮꡣ
Ԫ΢΢һЦҲӳ˵Цˣû˹涨˾ûһֺҽǡ
û˼˴󵨹Ԫǵһ
´һ¹Ԫ࣬ĸԼֶïһԱȡ
óһεؽۡ
ֶ˼ҵָ׿Ƕ
͵ӻü
ˣɽ˲ţΪǹܹһҽѧŶ
⻰˵ʵС
ΪŽԭ򣬹ںܶණȲΪĶЩбµ˶͵ܵȥˡ
¹ڵһЩ͹Աֱ龫ҪҲ졣
ѧ̫٣̫١
Ԫ࣬ˡ
һЦȻ˺õҽôھǸһҵ
Ԫ赭дؽ͵̫̫꣬ƽ
˲Ц䵭˵һ䣬Q˶ˡ
Ԫüͷһû˵Ҳû̫ȡ
˰˵ͷ̾һη
Ȼң׼һҪֻҪ̵̫ģҶ԰㡣
仹̽̽˾ж
Ԫһ˵Цˣһµ鷳һ½
˵
뿪һ乫˾ҪͷУȻߵһ١
ǹԪһõģؾ֮Ҳû˵Ļʵʩ̫ˡ
ǹӪ磬˽ҵûмңڹڰ쳧
˼ȥƲҲֱӸ̯ơ
θԾˡ
ô뵽ȥ乫˾һҽԺǸҽԺҶ԰㡣
Ԫл˽ĺ⣬ҽҾûС
һӾ˹Ԫ˼˵ͷаɣѸýϵݽһᴦġ
ǾͶлˡ
Ԫ뿪󣬽ԹԪ޲ڣ躹ޣʱȣڵ˲˰
СŶѧϰѧϰҲãܹѧһǰ㣬͸͵ˡҡҡͷͲٹע¡
Ԫڻؼҵ·ϣ߱롣
ȻӦҪ󣬵ݽϻҪܱ鲿ţҪ֡
ïǸѡ
Ԫţ˳ָԶϳǵһ籨ȥ
˶ð£ʱΪһ꣬͵ûϳǣһˣһ
Щ£Ԫؼ׼дϣһžͿڻŹˡ
ԪһɨݺݵضŽïïи߾һҵģҪ˺
ԪԪæеɨ㣬ű棬磬Ҫ˺ҵ
ïæҵ£ŹԪһЦҾŻŻ
ȲҵˣȥɡԪ࿴˿ãΪԼˡ
죬Ԫ⣬ֻø౨ࡣ
Ԫݲ֪Ѿ߸ʰ鱾׼ȥˡ
ïԼٸҵı࿪ˡ
ûпĶãԪݸһ̤ϡ
Щϣһ£زţܹģ𣿡
Ԫεؿţï޲ΪͿأæͷİɣһġ
ïȥȥˡ
ˣĵطͽϰȥ졣
ֶᣬ޵󲮣ܰõġ
Ԫһֱæܹ˾£ûôȥƣֲԪĶֻÿ֧Դűš
ĸЦǸĻˡ
Цã裬Ϲ˵ڿԪж
ĸԼԼòԾֲĶԾæʵʲô
һֱϿϲ󣬵ûж˵Ǯ˿ֱԸлչ֮顣
ûʵʵ
ĸû⣬Ϊֻ̳ʮǮֱοصͷǸøллܵҶˡ
һЦűߡ
ûȶüȻԪӰһȸԾֱУȥ
ôˡԪ࿴Цļ۽Ҳ̲ס
֪ǸоܿġҲ˵æֱӣ͸㡣
ʲôԪɻؽӹӣһ
ﾲĵһֻɫľʿֱ΢Щȣġ
ͷ
ĶǮ
Ԫ࿴źֱЩӣȻĲǵȿǾƾڵĲӦһֱֻġ
գգۣЦЩҰשѽ
Ԫü΢šԸӣשΪ˸ֱ
ѽһӦ£ӺȡֱһϵŹԪ࣬ԣְףɫĺÿ
Ԫʹ֡
ϸоһֱСԪϡ
Ԫֳúܺÿ޳޼룬һͲһ˫Ͷ֣мʱ.ζ
ԪĿżԼϵֱӣ΢΢
ظԪϴֱûгչüۣЦ䣬Ūˡ
ɫıɫıϵֺ󣬸Լֹ
ÿ¶һǳǳЦݣǰϿ̲סȥ󣬵ûֱԾһֱܶ뿴ʱûֱΣϲ𣿡
ԪʪѹѹɤӣɳƵ³֣ϲ
ǰҲйһֱҲɫģǳĸ͵ģһֱ
磬ûֱԭΪûκһֱֵܹùĸ͵ǿ
μ͵һһ⣬һݱ˷ϵ⡣
Ԫ⣬ϵЦ̲ס˼֣ΪһϸСܾҪϴ֮Ƕǣϴֶ֮֡
ʱעϴһһȡϴһΪǽѡ
һ
Ժϴÿÿʱʱ򶼻ֱ͵ģС֮λͻȹ̡
ʲôï֮
ԽԽ⣬̲סҿ佱һַõֱǸţ


51 ҫ
С洺ý
Ҷˣ
öǹó̳Աһжʮ˿ǮأϸֳĲһʮӽʮ
Ҫ֪־ҽԺһ²ʮǮȫҹߵһĽĶ
ԼδϱֵܹϹ־㣬Ǻݺݵظһ
һСͲӿǴӵ󶼱Ԫѹһͷģˬܾˡ
û뵽εǸ˼Ư£ѹ˹Ԫһͷ
Ԫȥ¾гϢҲгϲġ
˳ӵĹǣ˭ȥ³Կ࣬ԪԺֻܹȢһֲִʶĹ
ԺԼҶϱѹŹԪϱһͷĳСﶼ̡
˵Ԫż͵ֱصҵʱ򣬾ͿСһֺ
Ǹִˡ
Ԫü︹һ
ϲ˱ỵ̄˭ҪǱúһ㣬͸ֱ˵˼һȻ󰵰Ͼ
ҪǱ˭ҹúðǻ͸µҪȫ綼֪ĸһؽиͣ±˲֪µˣ
С첻֪ڵڹԪͬһֻƨҪµĸɤӣһƤЦЦؿŹԪࡣ
Ԫడˡ
šԪ൭Ӧ׼ֱݡ
Сɲ׼Źò״סһڹԪǰҫĻôæһ䣬Ԫడҿģǲ̸ˡ
Ԫ౻СûͷûԵʻʵһ£򴽣ҡҡͷ
ϲ˻ûг꣬ûеԹؼҵʱ򣬻Űɡ
СһԪ໹ûдüиӵˣȻȥ¾ʹ˰ɡ
ҪҪӸһǼҺֶˣһģɲ󰡣ȻԺҺӿɾֻýкֵĺӸˡ
С˵ҪԪܶ󣬵ﻰⶼҫǼҹ˺ִˡ
һ⻰￴ֵ򷼷סˣѯһãҺִ˰ļҵĹ
С㵽򷼷ʻŹⲻ˵ôֱףڼ򷼷Ȼǰ㣬ססĵ˵ǰϷͷҵĹڹó̳Աһʮ๤ء
򷼷һ£˭һϲԭҵĹﰡҿ˵ˣúܣָãԺ㰡Ϳڼ帣
С򷼷ĹάüҶ͸¶һӵ⾢ǹÿľͺãǲ֪ɵСӿʼأ˵£д󵱻Ů󵱼ʲôģҿĶ
ǿɲǡ򷼷ЦӦְ˻ԼĶôʶѽ
Сһ˵͸ˣǰ˲СѧͬѧǼҺϰ磬гϰ࣬ûԵɿۣײ˼ҹĳ˶Ǹţһ̨ͷͬѧһȥʶˡ
򷼷˵ͷʵǼ׼ɶʱϯ
С컹ûҪĿƲһԵĹԪ࣬ÿԪడûǴĻԪҼҺֻҪһµİɣͷ綼û飬ܾܵͽˣ̫á
ԪڿСǸûдˣԭڸԼҫǼҺҵˡ
ǡ
Ϊû
Ԫ򴽣СЦع˼ңʱ鶼УʱҲһϻֱϲƺȵġ
СԪ಻ʹģ֪Լһȭ޻ϣĲмڻѼӲʱӶСѧˣ㻹ûޣҵ뿴ܹҵһʲôġ
ǵҲУȺǳ˼ңʱٽ飬ҲˡС˵ȴ롣
ԪֻǵЦһ䣬ǾͶлĺˣʱ鵽ʱ˵
Ԫ˵ȥѰԪȥ
СԪˣΪԪĶӣϸԵ⣬Ҳý
򷼷СĻС˾䣬ǼҲǲǡ
СҫĿѾɣȻͶ򷼷ȤˣӦһ䣬ʱ˵ɣҲĲС
򷼷
һԪ඼ûڹܹԪݣʹѾͷݺݵط죬ȫˣкҵ¡
һؼҾ͵֪һϢ
磬࣡
໹һ磬һ硣
ҪһĿΣѧʲô
磬ܲȥ𣿡
ԪίͰ͵ؿŹԪ࣬һ˫޹Ĵ۾ίˮ
ԡԪ˵
Ԫݶʱ˵ĸ粻ײе
㱨໨ʮǮǮ룬ͿԲȥ
ԪݵЦݻûȥ¶һȿ޻ѿЦݡ
ʮǮ
ĶȥʮǮ
ѹѹǮҲǮ
磬̫ˣû˻ϲġԪĹĵԪһס
һҲϲˣ͸ڴͷһһûҪ
ԪһԪݵĻŪһϵֱǿƲסǿɲһ
˭ϲԪݸշһۣͿԪڲŪϵֱսһƣ̲סȵ ±㷢ˣ
ԪɵҲ֪ԪϴıˣûһٿǮòûǮġ
Ԫ΢Щĵؿ۹ԪݣЩ͵ġ
Ԫסͣһ˼ؿԼҸ磬磬̸ˣԷǸţ
Ԫ֣üСӼҼҵģôſڱտڶǸš
Ӱﶼ˵ġԪݲһ䣬ŹԪϵıĽѡ
δɩɩһǮɡ
ԪûĹԪݵԴԺٿЩӰ˵ĸ̨ӰҴסأһ㻨ǮССͣѧ᲻Ͷˣ
Ԫ۾ԲˣҾǸ̾һ£û벻Ͷ񰡣磬δɩɩһϹ۲ſ㣬Ŀһȥ
Ԫüٽѵ䣬Ӣһϲ߽ЦǺǵʵʲôδɩɩ
ԪӢС 裬Ҹ̸ˣ󻹸һϹı
Ԫݵ˵ϴ󣬵Ժϴ·С춼ˣ¿ͱ¨ӣ֧ԡ
ӢһеؿŹԪ࣬ļҵĹ費Ҫý˸ȥ
һӢԪవԵ۹ԪݣСš
̣Էûг꣬һٶ꣬ʱˣһǿ
Ԫ˵ţȴڸ̣Ҳ֪Ҵϱؼңܽ
ûꣿӢɵؿ˶һۣʵˡ
ʮ
ˣû¡ӢһͰڰ֣ԽˣȰھϯȥ֤Ҳһġ
Ԫ࣬
̫С˼ҼҲ̫ͬ⣬ٵɡԪӢĻһգæ͵
Ӣͷ˼䣬ԪݲˣӢһ£裬쿴δɩӸֱϹˣúüٿǮء
Ӣ̧ȥƣԪֻðӢ
Ӣ󣬵˾䣬ţͦġ
˵ͻ𼱻ǻǮȥˣδϱ̫ǮҿɵøԪ౸Ƹ񰡡
͵С쿴ԪǿֵƵıʵ۾ˣҲղҫùԪ඼Цˣ


52 
ʱ뵽С꣬ǹԪ͵ӣһӢ͹־ȥ˾Ƶӭӿˡ
ԪڼҵŹԪ긨κһͬǰȥӼ
磬׼ȥδɩ𣿡Ԫݱ߱ʡ
Ԫһ£񶨵ǣȥݼһĸ硣
ŶԪݵͷһ䣬ҿԴϼ𣿡
ԪЦЦȻԣǳˣ
Ԫ룬صҲǡ
˿ΧûˣԪĶԹԪ˵Ǻѣʵ˽»ǻ棬ҴȥƵԷ´λ˵˵¡
Ԫ࣬
úѲ𣿡ԪʵŪСŮҪŪôʲô
Ԫݱĵؿ۸磬㲻
Ԫֲ̯׼ϸԪۡ
Ԫݼ粻˵ˣתת˵ȷɩӴһݱȱ˭ɩӸƯ
ԪûԪݵĻҧͷһӵؿŹԪݡ
Ժ֪ݵĸɩӣ˼ø۸ˣɩӸ㴩СЬô졣
ԪעⲻԪݣϾûϱײǡ
ĹԪݻ֪Ѿĵ׳׷ָͷ㵽ʱҫЩɶ
˼ҽϼͼãƵƵȥ
·ϼԪݻһ£Ԫѧϰ棬ԷҰɡ
ԪҲɲӸתתһͷʵ磬ڼҵҿǰѺҵˡ
˵껹ԸԵļգգۡ
Ԫʵؿ佱䣬ûлشԪݵ⡣
ݼ佱ԪݣʱˣԹԪݲصƭ˵İɣѧУǴβһҵôꣿ
ģ㷭
ԪӲǿѹ֮£Ͱҵˡ
ʱȥѧϰ
˵һѪʷ϶ǲ˵á
ݲаĻȥһ¹Ԫݵ˿εĺҵùԪݸˡ
мȽѵ⣬ԪҲˡ
ݷҵƲƲ죬ʲô˲ڷżٵĵͰҵдˡ
죿
ԪŴ죬һ㶼żܹͰҵдꡣ
ݿԼһλλ㣬ں˵Ҹ㡣
ݣԪݣҪݶѧŵ㡣
ûȵǻش𣬹Ԫȿһ
Ԫݷ˼ضԼҸ磬޷ҸȻҲп˵һ죡
Ҫ֪ѺҵѵǵҸ綼ûпƾʲôܵõԼҸĿ佱
˹ԪĿ佱Цݣлл˸硣
ԪҲЦеĻص
ԪĹĵģæ佱ԪҲôͰҵдˣԷҲǼŬˡ
ղŹԪݶ챻ԪըˣһĿ佱ɫźÿ˼֡
ವһܵԣڵ磬ãҸöˡ
ݼԼҸһ·϶ڿ޹Ԫݣûп֣Ҳþ̧ͷ϶ĹԪ࣬ȵ˸磬ɣ
ðԪд⣬Ӧ
ԪԥԥʹӦը˷Ρ
˸粻ҪҲգ˻硣
װ磬Ҹ粻ҪˣҪ𣿡
ȻԪôɰ˭ǳǳЦ
ݣҸҲҪˣ
ݵ㿴õΪһЦ˻
˴ߵƵ꣬ȴھƵſڿһ־硣
ӵԪĵ籨˻Ʊüëһǡ
Ԫڵ籨˵ʮ𼱵£Ҫһ̶ҵ˻𳵾ֱԪ籨ϸĵַ
ԪĵַǼӢľƵ꣬ʱ䣬һøǼ͵ʱ
ϯִʱոպãʮһҵÿԸϳ緹
극ٰҲ١
֪ԪļƻΪԪܼһ»𳵾ʹ˸ֱƵ
Ȼû֣ͱ֮ǰũСס
úܲãӢһϴ󾢲Ŵӹ
ǳ֮Ҳ֪ȥĶҹԪģû˵ԪҵľλãֻΧת
ȻܹƬӢһܹǣΧ׵˺ü졣
Ȼ첻ˣˡԪࡱ
ʧʧε˵ȥҪǿӵ
Һǻģ۽һӰԼΪٵģ˵æ࿪
ܲһż⡣
β֪ڿӣһ˹ͰĽţˤһʺ
ŵأĵѪˡ
ʱſ屼ԼһҡҡͷھǶŮĳ𣬹Ȼʱڽ
εˣ䣬æӵһίؿ
Ҳɵۣѿڶ㲻౱ũôܾˡ
ϻ죬ίǵ
һϴ౱ũʱʹɲʱģţ˭֪ϰ
Ǽ䣬ͱɫæ֣ɱ˵ҿû
ҪǽԼϱ֪пŶȥˡ
ѽԪ磬˼֪㲻˼ڣ˼ⲻԼˣ˼ҿΪǵ˾ǵĹأвж
죬ۣͣ˵Ļ
˷ǵøжƤһء
ɱ˵Һʱй˼һҼҵģôһ첻ѧãѧ˼ҹĵģҿ㻹ȥɣҿɴ㡣
⻰˵þЩˣεʱͱɫԪȻ˵Ǽ
Ҫ
Ԫ࣡ôܹأ˵ҲȢģŪҵĸ飬ֲȢңôõ¡
⻰˵ʮִΪƵע⣬ûмǴĻԪļ̸ĸ춼ھƵ꣬ǼҺھһλ͡
ȻѶڣͱִ
ֻҪЩ֪ԪŪĸ飬վһߣ˵
ʱ򣬾Ԫ෴ԣԪļ̸ĸΪ˹˼棬ҲǿиԪһġ
ĿҲǴﵽˡ
˶סˣε񣬾ڿһţһʺ
¾͸˦ɫ˵ɶأһ˵ҶҲԼʲôӣ۾ƵģͷƮİɣɫģѹҴҶûȤ
㣡α˵÷ζҪըˡ
ʲôң˵ҸһȣǼ¼ţǸʱզɻͷϹǵҺ۸զΡ
ң˶Ҫըˣ޲ȥ˺졣
Ԫ࣬ҿɾͺˡʵ˵ֻʹɱﵡ
ŲΣ㺰ҵ뿴ôڹǰ֤ѹȣ˵м롣
ԶԪζ־磬ȻνԪ࣬΢΢ü粻


53 Ա
޳ܣγױĻŭˣûмô޳ܵˣ֮ͥ£ֻ˵óڡ
һ첻ߣŲںʲô޳ܲ޳ܣͶ䣬޳ܣ޳أһңզΣ˵ˡ
ӽ磬ƵſھۼŲˣһгȫΧ֡
ʱڵ̲סȻŮ꣬߼ͱˣŮ˵
еô£˵ôģŮͬ־ʲôԲ£Ϊ˾͸ôһ㡣
ǰһͬ־ôûзȣڴʲô໰컰µó˼Ůͬ־ôˡ
ǣǾǵүǲûģһǴСطģȻɽˮ񡣡
·һһָ֮ûһ˵λġ
Ŵһ˫ˮίͰͿ˼˶飬˭ָ
һ·˶һ֮ʲôûôĴ
˵ûзȡǵ
ֱҪˡ
вɣǾʿ˰ɣȻλŮͬ־ؼȥźˡ
ƳΧһվ˵۵ˣû˵
иʵǿžȺ˳ָô£ǲǽҪŮͬºһ㣬㻹һҲɡ
˭һңûôһͲָңһҪλŮͬ־дء
λʢ˵Ĵ赹ҲӳҲǱŴģ˭˭ѽ
費ŭЦλŮͬ־ĴҲ˵ôΪһͬ־ŵŮͬ־ôˣΪǰķ⽨ʱЩŮأϯ˵˸Ůܶ죬ͬ־Ͳ۸Ůͬ־
⻰˵Ⱥ濴ֵŮˣһкãѾʱˣȻᳫŮƽȣںܶͥ棬ɻŮ
ֻΪأЩ˻ڹȥظЩȴδ
һˣϣԼѵʱܹ˳ΪԼλʵΪһЩƽʱ۸ţûа취Լȥ˳һڶ
μ˻վһߣ˿Լеõġ
ЩԽ˵ԽᣬﷴˣۿΡ
λŮͬ־Լ˵˵ôһ¶ɣ´ңҸͷǸﶼУ㣬¶ɾûô򵥽ˡ
ΰҧҧѾǼϲòɲ˹ԪһȡӦˣעԼϵĹ⻷ȡˡ
˼һһݣ۾涣ҭҭ˵֮ǰ౱ũʱ˵ҪѰ㣬ΪҷũôõĹ߸Ѱ㣬תͲˣңúݵġ
ʱŤʵЦһֻйһ֮ԵʱѰˣѳɻ飬һи֮δЩѿɡ
ԭ˵ԼɻˣƤڼҪˣƨ档
Ե㶣Ԫˣʲôʱ£ôû֪ͨ
һҧƭˣΪ˰֧˵ģҲš
˵ξȺӢӰǰһסӣ˵˵Ӿûгɻ顣
Ӣ֮ǰھƵԺиŮںԪ֣̽ͷƸϡ棬û뵽ֿŮڸ˳Ƥעⲻٶ¡
£ȴ
ӢãȻؿΣãȻؿصҶӵȷûгɻ顣
һŭؿͺ˵û˵ɣƭҵġ
Ҷûн飬λûʲôϵɣǼǵģһȥдˡ
Ӣ˵꣬ǰĹеаţһһҪĳ嶯
仰˵󣬾뿪֪ȴס
ӣ㲻Ϊ˰ӾͲɡ
ӢˣȫİüòҲ˱ɵ˰ɣ㿴ܹóֻҴĶ𣡡
Ӣ仰׶ΧֵˣӢʮ꣬ȻôʱûɶȾȥҲϡ
ʮˣȥģƤ񣬿ȥʮӽʮᣬӢܽһ硣
λЩţǼӼĸϵ಻Ҳûйϵġ
ӢɵؿΣûмǴĻûи߹ŮĹϵ֪ġ
˰ɣ治ʶ
Īһʶ˳˵Ҳ֡
ͱҸˣҽŵǣھûݡ
θһüͷͷˣⲻǹԪ࣬Ҵˡ
ʲôﾪһ֮ǰ౱ũʱȥӽġ
ûôɵˣͲ֪ȴ˼ҽʲôж𣿡
Σ
ŭˣݺݵص㲻ǹԪ࣬㵽˭
޳ܵЦЦ˭ûиҸһȣǲȰ˵˭¡
һȦֵǿˣԭ˼˭˭ûŪһͨ˵
˭ϲء
æסղһʢˣ˿޵ĺĴ裬߰Ů죬Ůͬ־£Ҳӱܲǡ
λ豻סãֻǸضЦЦΣŭҪСڴϾͶ˹ĵģװȡҵͬģȥٱȥ
㣡οŸղŻΪԼ˵Ĵ裬˲䵹ֲ꣬ԡ
ʵ飬ô¡
̫죬ֲ񲹳䣬ΪάתֻðѼϵһ˹⻷ȥ
Ļκһߣ֣ƭͲ䵽ز
ӣſеĴ裬ʼ硣
ûļӳֲ֣˺ãߣûͱŵһ︾Ůס
ͬ־˼صǸǸһˣнȻ
һλĸŮȶԺȰ˵š
üͷ𣬡Ҳʶǣÿ
ͬ־ηˣǸֲηֻǶ˼ֲ̡
Ůͬ־Ȱο䣬˭֪η˺ݣݺݵسһѣص
ͱ§ӣŮǳŰθΧס
ƲԳԷƣߡλԲĸŮָӡ
Ů¾ͽθ˸ʵˡ
־ĻˣһԼҪ׼ȥҹԪˡ
󱳾иҸղ˵йԪࣿ


54 
һͷԪŵһ£˵ҲЩ
ǸǸ
֧֧죬֪ôԪ͡
ðңԪɭȻ
ͷĪðϸܵĺϽڲøɾԹԪ¶ЦûУûУǹϴˡ
Ԫ΢΢𣿡
һҧȻҸղš
עⲻϣ˹ԪԲùӳԵġ
Ԫþ˵ŵ˫վֱֱģһҲҶ
ðͺáú󣬹Ԫļ
һ񣬵Ҳʼôð㣬㳤㿡ҳôףðҲð䲻
ԪƳǺ°ͣζ㻹֪֮
϶ЦݣظǣǸһеģʱ̰ڿϣû֪֮ͱ˳ԵĹͷʣˡ
֪ҲԽ;ԽΣϾղǳ־磬ԪǴͷβ
˵Ԫ࣬ѣԪûнͣҲĬر͡
һһ䣬Ԫ೹ûл𣬡ôİҽǾν¡
Ԫ࣬Ҳûʲôǿ˾һЩҪȥܡ
Ŷ˾¶صͷͷյ㵽һֻȻסһŵؿŹԪ,ղ˵ʲô
Ԫ͵ظһ䣬˾
Բ۾ĿȥѯվڹԪԵļ˵Ŀġ
ԪҪ˾£ҲֻǴӽïæòӰС˼䣬֪ĻǺȴ¡
ͷˣ֪Ѿ϶̲ס˷ܵش֣˾ǲǾЩӰ˵ϰ塣
Ԫûĸ˵ЩϻһתվھƵſԲȵĽïָ˵˾ѣѵǿ˾Ǯû롣
˳߹ԪָȥǮ¸ïʲôϵ
˰ɣ֮ǰϳǵʱйһ֮Ե
ͷеӡ
нïﲻȱǮģԷʱֻҪ㶨õͶ Ժǹ˾ĸϰ㡣Ԫ׻׻յ
ï۾ૣôЩ졣
ûڽïϹͣɵ⿴Ԫ࣬Ϊʲôϰ廹Ǹġ
ԪؿҪб°Ҽȥ˾һ˵ġ
Цͷ̵ǻС
ؾ͸еһϹԪ˫һЦǸǸҾǿЦ
ѽ˵ˣҽȥֵܺһȥ֪Լ˵˻æŵĨߡ
ïվſڵȹԪͼ󱳾ȻȻرסֵܣþò첻鰡
ïĿһʱûǺѿڶ˭
ǸƤģïҲں΢ĽïļüͷֵܣɾĲˣôͰĸˡ
ĸ磬ޣһ㽯ءïĵòУĸ첲κĸ첲зǯƵģ
ֵܣĲˣĸҲԶǧϳǸ㲻ǵҲͰˣ˶Դңʵøġ
ïĸ첲Ŷһϳģиģģӳ󣬡Ǹ磡
ֵˡһïѽïøˡ
ïˣҲ˵Ǹ磬ֱĸ磬ø磬ſҰɡ
ˣɿ֣ïŵԴϢ
Ȼиˣߣȥø羡ĵ֮겻ǡ
ȥȾЩ죬ȥء
ļïȣһ񣬻ȭͣ
ïһˣϴ󶼷ˣ˵ʲôƤ£ôҲܶ˵ӡ
ïʹ꣬תͷԪ࣬ʵԾð㣬ȷɷŹ
֮ǣԪҪڶĻ԰æϾҲСܵˡ
ԪףûƶϴĻȥ౱ũʱðң˵౱ũðʲôô
Цܱ㵱üֺŪ
һԭ򣬵Ҫԭ»Ϊũ˸ӣʹﲻˣ׼֮֮
Ԫ˵ûףʲô˼
ԪЦ༾Դ˼пڸͶѡ
ЩԾԪ඼ŲæģҲûоȳòʵ㶼ż𣿡
ҼʲôԪ۲ζֿԼðƱʱ򻹲ҪԼ֤
ץץԴ۾һ׹ͬ顣
ǵõԪð佯ïʱ򣬿֤˳ϷȫףҪ«ưȴûйԪ˼ǵȫֻǶʩЧֿԡ
׺󣬼ٴθпԼȱǣԷʱ˶
ճһںʨͷζæԪһҵʨͷò㳢
ٳһھ˿˿鶹ƤԪã˿ʮ㣬ԡ
ԪЩԲ߾ˣһֱڸϵһĸˣֻͷҲһ¶ǣʲôͳʲô
ԪݼĲͣвˣæſѣҸе񱡭ϲñ˳ԹĿӸвˡ
⻰仹û˵ڣԪݾͿüͷһµĳȥҺ漾ʲôͳʲô
˹һ
ۿԼһڵظԪвˣҲ˹Ƶġ
ǵСʱһһԷʱ򣬴ҶԷвˣΨûж꣬һ˵ⱲֻΪԼ˼вˡ
ʱ˶Ц磬˵ôС֪ΪϱˣǼȴǵúΪҲûΪ˼йˡ
ѵ˵ҸϲǹԪݵĸ磡
۵һһںڰǺᶼˣҲҿԡ
ôϲԪݵĸأ͹Ԫݿˮݰ
ԣҸôϲˣ
۵˼һȦ˵ǱǺֱᣬͻȻ׸ȡᡣ
ôԸԿˣǲǷ˲óԡ
ԪԼҸôͻȻ䲻ˣͿļۣü
۷¿ӣ˳ӣᣬæҡͷǵģҵķ̫óˣҴûгԹôóԵĲˣж޵ġ
ԪһĲţʹɣ˿ɺóˣϡⷹĲˡ
ۣ
Ԫ˵Ÿ˼鿴ȥĲˣϽԣ𶹶ˣͽǱ˿Ц
ۻΧ˿ûעЩŭص۹Ԫݣĩ뵽ԼҸڴҸ⣬Ъ档
ˣõɣҲס
ͷ䣬ʹҵװ


55 
, ȡȻƣһŽïȾơ
ôˡïü, ׻û˵ʲô, Ʊһ
һʮֶǽï䣬ܺȣҲ̲ס첱Ӵ֡
Ҫ֪Ӣд־ҽԺͬ£ʮıǮ, õĶҺ
ȻʱҺôһ뻹Ǻȵ
ڴ࣬ˮ󻬣Ψ¶Ǻʮ㣬ʮͷ
ⲻïź˰ƿͿʼͷˡ
ȵòˣïӲˣĳ˵, ˵ֵ, ܺȾƱǿ˸Բˡ
ïǸ꣬ﾭļ, ¹Ų, µ, Ʋ˭أҽïıûУΨȾƵıû¹, ˵˭ء
˵ֲָԼ˱ƣͷһһڸˡ
Żף֣ãֵ־ȾƵıһһ
ǡïϲ佱һˣһϱֲˣֻԸƶƮš
ĿĴɣŽï£ֵܣҲȾƣ졣
ʲô˼ǺȾ˼ïȤػӻ֣ԼƱﵹžƣֻЩͷһһ
˳ŽïĻӦУԣû˼ǽֵܶ׬ǮȤ𣿡
׬Ǯ~áï˸ãü㿴ȱǮ𣿡
Ȼǲġһïž֪һȱǮġ
𿴽ïԼźûʲô𣬿ïʱʱ£ûвⲻм첹ĵط
ΪԼʲôˣϳǸСسǵĺУ˵಻࣬˵ٲ٣һҲٿǮҲϴһ
Ǹïǲ໹Щġ
ҲȱǮΪʲôҪȥǮïǺȸˣ⻰˵ǽһֱ׳
ƵòУ٣Ȼ㶼˵ˣ粻ӵùƨɳȥҾͲˡ
ֲֵƴ֮ȻǲԼȥ׬Ǯģ԰ǮóͶʰñ׬Ǯ̡
Žï˵š
ͶҶҰ־ͶʣʲôĵӰзװʲôģһҲǮʲôͶҰֵͶǮ
ïȸ˲٣˻ûɵ
ϸϸƷŽïĻԴһתֵ˵òΪûǮԲֻܸЩССֵҪиǵĲһǻǮ
ƷƷǸСһ⣬Ǿ˵ǹҼңйЩҷȶĹ̤̤ʵʵɶԲԡ
ïûûûζģ治ͷѬԣǾƲǡ
ïϹڿӣûǾƲǣǸɳһƵ𣬲һڸ Ҳ֪ǶصӺ
˵úãïһ֣񾼾ʣ磬˵ôģ
ïϹˣָϵĺþƺò˵Բ˳Բˣôɿڵķˣǰ˾ǡ
ï˵ˣһżеĿһӣе˵ҪǮˣ⾩ǵķҰԡ
Ƴۼ͵ĽïҪ˵ͲƭǮ
ïŲӣɫǺ죬ȫǾƲ˭أ֪ĶˣҪǵƭǮҾҴ󲮰ץ
Ʋѡ
Ҫ˵ŽïƭƭҲ治ɵ治ôúŪġ
ҲЪƭïǮ˼һһǽҪ乫˾ǰ
ûп˾౱ũϳôһҲøïˡ
ýï۾ԽԽ
ƺҮïԴ룬Һһ䣬Ҫ˽ҵֻǡ
һ룬ïס죬˵Ҫʲô
ֻͶʾУԺ˾ǵλϰ塣۹Ԫ࣬ѧŹԪĻŽï
ïü⣬ΪʲôǴϰ塣
ʵĺãҲ֪ΪʲôǴϰ塣
룬ƽïϰ۰ҪŹǵģɣϰǴϰ£ɵĶǿҲɣΨϰˣֻǮʲôҲøɡ
ïһеһӣãҾϰ壬Ͷٿȡ
ҡҡͷٿʵ̫ˣǰǰһǧء
ҳһǧ塣ïЩԥ
ЩҲû¶ǮţһǧѾһǮˡ
ŻЩƵġ
ΪïжǮأͼǧǮԪïǮԲǼǧܰƽ¡
ǧïˣԼе˽Ǯ˳
¸ǲ˵ˣԹԵĺȾƳԲˡ
ïɵۣǧѾǺܴһǮˣ˵ǿ϶һܴܴͶʡ
Ȼ뵽ղ˵ֻǮԽ࣬˵ĻԽ࣬ǮԽ࣬ҧҧȥǮһ⡣
˵ŽïʹŰӣһһγ˾Ƶ꣬˸ְؼҡ
ïһߣͻԪһЩüϹ˰οǮСҲǧ 
Ԫֻǵ˵ͷǧҲС
ԪղŹⲻ˵ҪǮͶʲϸǸһ飬뿴ܹͣýïóȫ˽ͶʣǾ֤ĿڲŻУԺ˾һύʵҲܷĲ١
գ۾һϰλˣ
ԪһζЦݣĸϰλȡڽïóͶʽЧ
һĽѣҲܹïһϰ嵱
뵽ԼһûнïǮûеǸʲôķϲģ˲ٲѡ
ˣרùԪСܰɣû׼źô磬һˬʹ͸ٰʮСǮҲС
żЩڸԪ֭Զˣȵ֭塣
ιģ塣ԪԺõСһ䡣
ûԪȴˣպһûעˣڴ׷÷ǳֵ´ż
Ҹ˵δɩӲǼ۵ĸɡ
ʮпܰ
ûǸжԼôȹҪ˵ûè壬Ԫݵ־͵д
ԪݸհȥͿ˿ͷԵļۣظ˿⣬óԣԵ㡣
类Ҹ翴ϵķϣҾͶõɡ
۱ԪŪһͷˮֻ˹ԪһŹǡ
ģ֪Էм˲ˡ
˼һҸ߸˵ھƵͣҴ˿ȴˮС
Դӽ䲡֮ڼһֱŽȥûеȵ䲻˵ȴϢ
ſϢıֽ˶ըˣɱҪ˵
ҲûпᣬӡӡǮᣬԼû˵طסռʱסڵܵܽļҡ
ֱɱ˽ļңïһصʱľǴһԼһҽŵĶš


56 ĺ
, ҪǲҸ˵ûꡣὫֽڽ, һɷ
, ָֺҲĵ۵ıֽ˿һƽؿᡣ
Ƕ, һһҶûá
ֱӾͱĻðŭǰʲô˼ô㶼һ䣬˵룬㻹ҿǸ𣿡
ü˵ˡƳ򽯹ӣǹ, ҿ, ܺͶûٴɣôɩˣҪ»ɩӣ
, õͦ, ʩʳһ, ǽ׹ǶɻˣĻнĺա
ҲǣǽһǺĸεİ, ҶǵǼλָǵĸжá
ĺٵһӾͱ˵æ͵ɩ鲻ôһ¡
һĲţǸʲôӣЩһ˸Ӵ򲻳һƨģôܻ뵽¡
ûн˲͡
ʲôвôһ£걨ˣȫǵ˶Ц˰ɡ
ҵͲþһѰǣҲءЦдᣬ˵˻ߣҵǸ߸ϵľǧ磬⽭ɽû׼¼ҡ
ˣȣôţԽ˵Խ֣ʵ̲סˡ
ᱻһ㶣ʲôʸңⱾǷҵģ㣬Һڴˡ
һ˫̶ӣ¼Ҷϱ·˰;ĩ·㲻ң¼ҵľ֮·Ҳͷˡ
ЩԸľǹΪЩвûõһĻ
˵ⲻܡһҧƭģҵʱնʮôܻᱻЩӱΧס
ʮһЦʮǸ˵˵ˣʵܶõľֻʣµĶһЩһӱֵûС
ʵϣǴûѹµıǾܵûˣȻҲ᲻սܡ
ÿ˵һ䶼ڴ̼Ĵԣૣⲻܣһƭҡ
۲ӵؿᣬûƭ㣬ʵЩٶɡ
Ͼûаţ˴һ£ô
᲻˵ˡ
ԭΪЩҵ䳰ȷֻ˵˵ѣϾʮţһʯͷҲůˣοͬķޡ
ҲŷˣıʯͷҪӲڲﲻչˣֻһۣһ̣ⱲҽҲֵˣϧվҵһԸˡ
˵Լ̲סʣǵϵǾһƳû˵
˲㣬ïȵԺûڳЩʲôִһãЦŸҴкһﶼأģҵǮ¡
ﻹĹĵĶӣüͷĶȥˣ˯ȥ
ïһҲӱ˳ȻᣬǽҵȷǿǷ࣬ǵûʩᣬĻнҵĴڣҲϣǶϡͿ˴뱲ӣȻﲻʹ죬Ҳʹ죬ʹ˷ֿ԰á
԰ãŶûУ
ĴɤŽŽïһεԵθвӿʲôҪƵģɫһףͿɳķֱߣ˸ڵء
ȾͿڷֱ߲Զ

ҪŪС֣ῴԼϵŻ˲ø䳶ƤץϵĲҪïԴա
ٷӦ˲٣һץĶԱһƣķѣï
֮Ľïһ㣬һɵضԽ˵Ǯɡ
ĸղŵȶЩˣïٲҲӲǣһٵĽïȻöȥţʵ̫ˣǴӵʱֻðѶԼ䡣
ǮڴµĳԼá
˵꽯ľͳǸѽïκαס˾š
ïŲܴʲôֻǵ˵˿Ǯ֮ߵֱߣһͷӴҳһһǮؿڡ
ִţֵ˳ȥ
ļӳȥˣʵһȥãȥͲᱻˡ
ïһ·ָϵƵ꣬ӶѾɢϯˣʣһڳԾྣïǰֵܣǮ
ڸԪһûһҪ齨˾飬ͻȻïҲ治ѣˣǵͶʵµء
һïûһǮһԪֵ춼Цˣֱï˵ֵܣϰλˣ
աïŨ۾һͷڲϣ˯ȥ
ǮԪҵĶϰλ˲
ԪףòʡµĽïҾƵķԱ䷿úϢϢɡ
߸ȥïԪ˼˻ӹԪݵıóֽݺͬ
дԪĶ̲סǰֻһҽһҽԵ鲻ǺܸȤ
磬һ鷳µҲͰˣҪ뷽跨ǮµڻҪеΣƫƫ߿õ̫٣ǶǸֲǻҲĵʱ
ûȹԪְ϶ǣһ˫ȵ־̫ѨϰĦʹͷʹ᲻١
ԪĵһůƬ̺󣬾ͽͣˣѾˡ
ط˫֣ĵͳѣԭմմϲǵһϹԪȵСܣڹԪ϶һϯ֮ء
֣̿ͽï̫Զ̫Զ
ܰԪ£ïܸԪṩʽ
һ£ʲôҲ˹Ԫࡣ
кǷϸϼͷʹмȵĲ
ԪĲԽԽ
ʲôˡ
ֻǰԪఴͷԵЩࡣ
Ԫд˲ݸ壬ͼĸȥңïǸ壬ȵĺп͵׵Ǯ
һǮһСĿ൱ںһܶҪ࣬ȽķӦïڣ
ڵУûзֹԪʲôʱߵġ
ݣԪ˶ӵؿļ
ۣϲ̫ǿƣݵֲף취
Ԫݣ簡㿴˼òֲ˼˳ë򲻿İɡ
Ԫļʵôˡ
ҡҡͷԵʵǲǺûã㿴ҽãǮˣɶᡣСܶԵЩࡣ
ûаԪգգۣůС


57 ܶ
ĵֱƵ궼û
Ԫݼʵڲ, ҪԼû, Լϵĳ, ûҪĶ̴Ҹĳ
滹룬Լʲôʲôᡣ
εس˳ǣ簡, Ҫϲʲôǳʦ˵ˣСҪԼĿ꣬Ŀ겻ͣܶлɹһ졣
˲ְȥԵøɥˡ
ԭȵĿȳΪһǧԪ, ﻻһ״һķ, ӵһķ䣬һĴ
ǸڹԪԾˣŷһǧǮĲ, һǮڹԪﶼһʴǮ
ĿڹԪһǳЦ
Ǻⰲο, û뵽ûο, ˷ãһ۾
磬ҪڿʼҸĿ꿪ʼŬԪЩ
ɥ, ü𣿡¸ԪĲԽԽ
ֻҪĿ꣬ʲôʱʼüԪ۾˵Ϲ⻰ֲ˵ģʦ˵ġ
ôһ̱ο
صͿʼڤ˼ΪһʲôˣδʲôĿ꣬صҪôһСܵλá
ŲеԼĵһԸǺúûţϰʮȥǱϷĺ
Яĵ绰ܷڼﲥŸӰĵӻ˵п԰Ļ
ЩǴǱϿΪЩҪƽϣҪȥһЩȥʶһķ
ͻȻԪ
ӺɶóֻС۷䣬ϸоôģǿʲô̳û߰
켾ȥ̳ԪֱȥƬ˿ûпһйԪ¡
·ģ
һ䣬вԾһѵӣ澿ʲôӵģȻܹһ߷
ȰȰȱľٶŵòᣬϵƤȻǹֻҪһȥɵҲ֪һ¶ԼǰҲֲ˺á
ڼŵڰȰȰǰתãվ᲻ãôõĶһܹɣŪһ϶ס
ȰȰ⻰̲סۣ㻹һһģһģǵĿƼٷҲѴﵽ
ὫȰȰԼϵĺɶԼǮĳóʮű鱾һǮ
֮ǰµʱ򣬹ԪǮŸԪȥͶˣ㹫ֵʱʮǮ˰ʮ飬Ԫʮ飬ֻʣʮǮˡ
ҧóʮǮȥ̳ʹ˸߻ķѺϸ۲Ľṹ
۲꣬Ÿԭ֮ƨɺӣ߾Լ
ô򵥣ȻҪǮϲͣ·۾ŨŨĽ
߾ͺˣ
һߵĳɱ಻ᳬһ壬ȴܹǮĸ߼Ǯı֪
ʣµǮĵȥշƷĵطһ
ſۣƤ͸ƤʼܣǷ죬ʵڳŲסڴϾ˯˹ȥ
˯֮ǰ룬δҲ̫ˡ
*
Ԫҵʱ򣬽һʰӡ
ïŻϣʵ˺ôһͨ齯һ磬һͨҽŵ£ʱ֮Ժ
һߣ˻űӣԸʰ
ֶЩң֡İѹԪţϵЦݶͦڵġ
Ͼҳ󲻿ԪϵôɣӶˡ
Ԫһ½ң׽ïΰһǮóġ
ҲĿףóïһǮٰĺͬϣƵǰ
ɹԪʲôͿԪͳһǮһݺͬ
˺ڣСˣǼҿɲ̰ܻһףʹطˡ
ԪЦãǮɲҵģ㿴ݺ֪ͬˡ
ĽŽɵϵĺͬ濴
ɫڵøĨ˹һǮ濴ۡ
ûҵǮ
קǮصң𴲵򿪴ߵĳ룬ŵһǮȻһ
ɫֺ˼֡
ǸǽïڼңھҪѽïץɶлΪɶ죡
ĳҳٿһƵĹԪеŭִܸ˼ء
ͬ䣬ļôĶӣһ죬һڵء
йԪİֶ£־ζҪЦ֡
̹ҽôӵģ
СҲǺȶˣԼǵԼʲôԪŶԸīȺڵӲͷƤ潯ï˵仰
վڽĵĽǶ룬һӣ±ȽĶҪֲ֡
һ̹Ԫ಻Щͬ齯ġ
С˰Դ֮󣬵ԺɢģٻصͿԪ࣬˴롣
Ԫ
ڼͲҪôһҲ޷ЦŰڰ֣ܹԪ
о仰˵úãˮ֮ӿȪ౨
Ԫо֮ΪԸڼӡ
ԪֻЦЦûа仰¡
£ǰϵĺͬһ䡣
˶˵ԹԵϵĺͬۡ
̲סЦ
벻ǼСҲ۹Եһء
ЩԹؿ۽䣬磬ȥ֪ҪЩʲô³ڶҹ͵Ǯˡ
͵ǮҿδذɡºͬЦЦҿǼǵ֮ǰ׿˵СǮš
һڷҵ˼ֻüǮˣ˭֪һôǮСţڻڹ
ҧг˵꣬ҲЩңҹԪ໹ǺõģðǮͻҪϸˣǮɾҪˡ
ɵӰǸ˻Ǯģ
һǮֲһǮҲ۵İ
ĻǮȴǿԪ࣬ЦúͰСӰǰǽҸԵģͷӸ㿪·Ҫֶˮ
Ԫ౻Ĳģ˵Цˣ㣬ССҽѺͬǮˣҲ֤ҵĳⲻǡ
Цҡҡͷû˵ʲôԽЦܣСǮͷЩȥһã˾Сһ
ԪһݣھҪƭï
벻ï˶Ƕ˵㣬ôиͦĴ󲮡
磡Ĳף䲻ָïҲͰˣôء
ҵġ˵
ûڶ˵ʲô̾˿ͬïһǮһͬ˹Ԫࡣ
ԪӹֲŲæذѺͬλƣݺͬǿ˭ǩˡ
̧̧ƤûȥСǩɡ
*
ïھƵ˯һҹԺصңͬʱźؿ


58 
ôïⳡŵһ, úûһ飬Ҳûиʲô¡ɡ
ȿ, 㻹֪, ҹ޵ģ㿴Լݳʲôˡ
˵ĻʵѽïϽطȥϴ
ƫƫï˻, ͷϵ·ȻЦ裬Ҿûðˡ
ٵƤӳ˳飬ɵǳûˡ
Ĳͷس˳죬Ҹ˵¡
Ŷï˿Ѿе㲻Ծ, ѾܿƵ뽯ȥ
һ߽, һĴֵָļëӾͳǰ
ïͫ˲Ϻëէ𣬰Ⱦ, ϧΪʱ, ĵļëѾִϡ
;ļëϴɵص, ·Ҳ赲סʹ
ïһʹƨɣһڿԼϵǶ¡
֡лú˵ֶŲáʹʹʹ
ֶŲ, Ů˫򣬲ͺˡߣ䣬еļëӣŽïƨɺܣһ㶼۵ġ
ӴֱëӴϣïȴһʵڲ⣬֡ҵʲôһûؼңǰһ²ؼ㶼ܵġ
϶ͣЪ㻹ʣԼʲôԼ𣿡
ï߰룬ھƵԪǺȾƣ˾ھƵ˯ʲôҲûиɰȥʾƵķԱ
ï˿̾ίˣʲôû
ȸ˰ï˵ãһ˵ľøˣżëӣʹڽïк¡
ïίᶼҪˣֻɳϵλԮȣ󲮣裬Ұַˣǿɡ
ͷƫһߣû
һЦ⣬ڿϷïȷǵûȰЦǺǵƣúãëӲ񫣬Ķи
ï
˷ӦïҲɵӣ֪һǸʲôŭԹ¡
һϵʹһ߽ʾ֭롣
Сӣһ첻ʰ㣬ѧ͵ǮˣֵسŽï
͵ǮаïþڲãԺҪˡ

һǮ֣ïʧļ糱ˮӿ˳
ھϵһĻĻȫֳ󶨸ĻϲذһǮС

ȥɵ
ïǲʱԼ飬֪ʱһɵ͸ˣƵ˭˭˻űǮ
ïգ߷ѵϵʹ˲ˡ
֡ȥǮû
ïǸĸȾƣȴɵӺƣï۸ǡ
ھĵϣҺǮ˰ɡ
ˣҰˣļïˣеļëӣˡ
ï߷ߵҡҡͷҧгݵ֣ģǮʶܲģȥ׷һǮ׷
׷ƨһڽïϣѽïȵͷת
֣ɵ˰ɣһǮ׻ıƭȥ׷ˣ
׷ƨƭǮ˶ûף𣿡ŭյ
ǽôͳ˸ôûӵ⡣
ٿ˼ҹԪ࣡
Ǻ޲øҽ
ĸҪƭңïŲӣ۾һĸ߰ƻץǸƭӺһҪúýһ
ֱڽïƨϺݺݵشһţü绰ˣĸ˹Ԫ໹ĸ೤вУ
ïһڵԴһһ¡
ɶӣԪҪƭңॸҪƭء
úÿһӡôӲ輸ץһźͬ˦ڽïϡ
ïãһһ˲ըˣӣ飡ȥ
ʱ޶أǮˡǰڣֻʸï˰ǩˡ
ïͷһ£ɶӴ
ïǩ֣ŽȥƵԷ϶ǹԪһͼƻõġ
ȭΪľǰȻؼǮôǳӣƫƫˡ
øƵġ
ïɫ˲ִһ飬͵ֱʵͬô¡
Ȼ˼ҹԪⲻȥȻΪҽֻüë𣿡
ïǰֱһڣˣԪҼ˶ֱӺƽȥˣǮǳòˡ
*
С꣬ܿ͵˹꣬ʮǰ⼸죬ԪܱҪ֣߳ǵģ乫˾עˡ
ҲҺŶʮŷż٣ùԪڹǰѹ˾³䶨
עʽ򣬷
Ԫֱעṫ˾ˣ֣ǲζԺ˾ϰˡ
ԪζؿҲô˵ԺԶ˵ǹ˾ִж³
ɶж³Ÿעӡֵı֡
ϰ˼ԪĲɵӦһ䡣
۾һ³ֺãһͶ£һ͸ߴϡ
Ԫ࣬
ͣúøɣǮˣҾͿȢϱˡԪļĳ˵˾䣬ʹ뿪ˡ
ԪĻŪüѣȢϱȢϱȢϱ
ԣҲѾȢϱ
ԪȢϱʲôϵҼӣ
ԪŪƲѣԪɹ˲ȥο
ڼҳԹҹ
Ԫ̤źѩһһӡȥ
æЩ죬иӣԹĶˣż⡣
Ԫȴɵۡ
Ŵ󿪵ļȴţûӦöڼҡ
Ԫǰȥţ־òס
Ǵʮҹ˼Լ˶ҹðǰȥţδЩס
ˣ뿪Щġ
ĦϵʿԪڼǰȥ֪Ѿ뵽ʮһҡ
֨
һŵ죬һССĺӰ͵͵ŷ˳
ӭͷײϹԪĺ󱳡
ӴԪײһͷԽѩСʹһ˲öͷϵʹŭײ˵ģС˭ҹؼңҼſϹơ
㲻ҲǴҹ˯׼͵ȥĶԪЦŰԵѩ˸
ԪͲϲôҼſڡ
·Ԫ̧ͷ۱׵ѩӳЩգɫһ̵ĲȻ
ûһԪΣ˶ϵѩС˵ãе£˵
Ƿá
ꡣƿţؿڣҼ˶˯ˣǾС㡣
˸ƵĵĽڣǼխüµС䡣
ĨڳŹԪļϣһƨɰڴϣͷյԪĶԣϸɵС㰡Ұ衣
Сڰķ䣬ڹԪĶϣʹùԪ˲һҲ
ҲȹԪ෴ӦֱӶȥԪЬ
Ԫ༤ʿˮ桭ôô


59 
δҲ̫Щ
Ьѵһ, ԪͻȻ˵
ȻļѣԪǻڡ
δ˶ǷڴǺ, ֤Ķڷ, һ£һ¡
ɶʲʵģҶʵüˣɲɾͿˡ
գգ, Ի·ԪԻ·Ͳ̫ͬһϣ¹ԪЬӴϳһľͰӣѹԪĽȥ
»ʵģ
ԪĴ˿̱ĻﹴõѣûзӦ˵ĺͼ˵Ĳһϡ
һڣ˫žͱһľͰȥȻֹ
Ԫ۾εתһȦ
ԭˡ
ڼ˼Ԫֹ, ЦŽ͵, Ȼʵ飬ʵô֪òá
˵һľͰߵԭľͰײľǾͿʼ¸
һһûŹԪĽ, , , Īĸо
ɡڹԪĽűߣЦһ㶼ԪĽųζ, ȻŲʲôų
ڣԪ࿴Цգ˼ЦЦУԼģ
šͷɫ΢΢Щ죬Ҽһ쵽ܣ϶۽ţ͸˰ĦͰ
Խ˵Խ죬ûãʲôҲﲻ˹Ԫֻ࣬ǿǸ⡣
˵żֶڵ˶ȣӵ֪аĦ꣬˹ıľͰҵľͰʡǮһŻǮȥһΰĦ갴ĦһζҪһǮأͻرˡ
ҴˣͨĦһǮҪӻĵʮǮ˵ɶŵô󰡡
տʼĻùԪлһůԽԪɫԽ
㻹רȥˣ
ûԪ໰࣬ɵصͷ˵ǰĦַҲȡʮֻڣʲôϷ顢졢ɷ衢ˮҽĥϷǲŸӣݽűӰĦǱʲô˼Ѳһֻӱ飬һֻˮǽŻҪô
˵һϣؿԪ࣬ԪôһܹЩĺ塣
ۡ
Ԫ౻һ˵ŲĻ׶ЦˣûסЦ
ǰĦ֪ȡ֣µñǿð̡
ҹĲ˯ɵЦʲô
ԪЦ˸˯ڣ˯ԺҲ벻ҹļȻˣڶûԼҶӵġ
ꡣ˲ֱ꣬ǸָԪЬֱȥסԪ졣
ԪżֹסЦϵЦȴô֮ȥ
еӡ
Ӵҵզôɰ
촽һӱԪһOͣһһBͣȻǺúܡ
˫Թؿ۰ߵĹԪ࣬׻û˵ʲô
ȹԪ೹湻˺󣬼Ż˵һһСߣۡ
ðԪڴӦ
ĨңܿҳһӵݸԪࡣ
Ԫ¹򿪺ӣӺͻȻһѪȵȭͷʵ˹Ԫһ
ۡ
ֵЦǶżЦƹԪЦ
ܱЦʵЩɴһƨڵЦ
Ԫſ壬ﲢûʲô˵Ķһճһ˵ȭͷʵ¹⣬Щ˰ˡ
ƣںͼ֣ȴúܣԪһʱҲûע⣬Բűŵ
ϸһ󣬹Ԫƽ侲ؿŻڲЦѵļʵЩԼġ
ЦһᣬԪôͷӦһȤҲЦˡ
ɵصͷ
˵ߣľͰװɵʱ򣬱ɲ㵯۾ͻȻ뵽ģ˼
˵һ˫ϣؿŹԪࡣ
Ԫûߺӣļʵ۾û°ɡ
ذڰ֣û¡û£㿴ľͰߣڲĵʱ򣬺ͷ۵ʱ᲻õ㡣
ԭЩΪȡ
Ԫ˹һůԼ˵ͻܺá
Ľë΢΢˲һ˫۾гȻ֪ԪڸЦ๵ǣбο
ȫ¶ůģƱ̫סһ㡣
֤ĶãȻã㲻̫ϡ
ǿˣûõڹԪԶãһҪŬõˣͿԳþõڹԪԡ
ԪѼӵ˲ڴߣԪͷµİĦͰֿߣٴʵЩԼĥ𣿡
شģľͰݺүģҾͰװһ¡
Ԫ࣬ԭŪ𣿡
Щ£ԭʲôԭľͰǿŵɺͳٶ˵߾͸Ӽˡ
Ԫ࣬
ôġԪٴʵ
ָϵһߣ΢΢Щ˵ԭ֪һǸôģǾԼһ˿˿Ҳ̫ˣҲȻȥ߲ϵʱ·һҰĦ꣬ŻĦͰ
Ԫ࿴˿յϾֻһٴʵôˣ
Ҳ֪ɲԣ˵ҪʲרҪעɶģȫÿοҳ̲ס˯Խ˵ͷԽ͵Ԫɵһ
ʲôʲôᡣ
㻹𣿡Ԫ༾ͷο
밡Ǯô롣
Уʣµ齻졣Ԫ²ѣѵüԼİãͲΪó±ɱ
óⷽ츳ûп飬ŪԭͲһ߾ܾһƳһµĲƷ˵һҲΪ
һ̹ԪྐྵȻЩԼԼؾý
ɵȤ
᲻̫鷳ˡʵЩ˼Сôµġ
ⷽʵŪ
ߵĴҲһ֪ŪҲã
û¡Ԫ಻ҡҡͷ
ݡݡ
ʮ̻סӳڵĴһ
עľɫȥھᣬקŹԪ䣬˷ܵ쿴̻ˡ
š֡
ԪĿҲһһգȻڳҹѤĻ䣬͵ૡ
͵𣬹˽ҹӭˣ
ٰ꣬ǰ˶ľͻ߽᳹⣬Ǿͻӭӡ
ҲЦü䣬ְ
һǶҪúõģúõĻȥ
˵˰ҹ˶ЩƣССĴҪ˯ʵЩѡ
ΣֻӣڹԪ໳
ʹЩͷϻŹԪĸ첲ֵֹܾģ˵
Ԫ࿴ԼСȥ˶ЦЦһֵóѵ㣬Ƥ˯ȥ


60 Բ
һҹǺ, ůġ
ڹԪĻ˯
ĵһ죬, Ӱߴ, ô򵽼˯ϡ

ۣ۾ѹ˯һ԰ɹ̫µĹԪ, ס
ϸ͸ָڹԪ覵ϣʱð߰ߵ㣬ҲĿ
ú棬ͣرָøӰӳڹԪϣͿùԪɫƽӹһ㡣
һᣬȻζôı, ڸǲסͷ, 
ƲƲ죬Сز´ƮƮһ, ͸, ⾡ֵ⡣
ԪȻЩ, üøƽˡ

һ
ûȥͲ㱻ǵǺ
硢硢, ã
ð˷һһߣܿͰ˯ĹԪˡ
ԪͿ¶˿ݵı׼ЦݣͷŻȻ𣬽һ
꣡¹Ԫ˵ֱȻһĶ
ҪǹԪ˿̳Ļûа취ͣԪʲôʱֵģʲôʱ򵽼ġ
Ԫ׵صͷһ´ʾԼڡ
ĵظ
磬СԲɺóˣ˿ɾûˡⲻ֪Ǹúһ䣬ջط׽
֪ˣ𡣡װѵӣӦһ
ԪȴԲֵʱ̲ס䶯һºᡣ
˯ѣԪµĿӻûϣ¶ӰֵǣԼǼջĺᣬһʿˮŻ
ǵһξӸµؿԪ˵һĻѪҺҲſ쭡
ĵز˲ĿԼ˱ûмˣ¶һɵЦ˰ɣȥԵģ
Ԫ֧ȣϰڴϣ۾˵ͷ
Բǻ
ǰΪһϷˣһҪԲģҹϵĲɫҲܷḻ
ȱʳǱ󣬹ͱùѵζ
ʮҹȻԽӡ
һһҲԽӣǾ²ڵģԪ˶˾²ɫ
ǹԪ಻ףǻŴŴԲ
̵ٵԺֻϳԲŽйꡣ
Ϊľ÷ƣҼ͸͸û뵽˯һܳԵԼԲ
ò˵ܾϲ
ȫڻζԲζеĹԪ࣬˿̲֪ԼжȻģ΢΢ӣĵ촽üͷ
ֻʳӷǿ໹̲סҵز
緢ʲô裬Ȼղȥ׹Ԫһڣ
ֱˮݺݵϴϴڱ̹ǵˮ̼£ŽƽԼһġ
˳ĸڸÿҨԲ
˿ĸе룬żĸֺõ裬һ¡
ĸױ֧֣Цһ䣬˻ñ˿Ц
ֺʵֻ꣬һģ˵ԲԶ壬ôҪˡ
ǻµʱġ۾գһ¡
ĸĻŪЦտ֪˰ɡ
ĸ˵ţ϶ȴܿ˸룬ҨһԲ
лл衣룬ϵһ׾ͽԼݣŹصʵʵġ
磬ݲŮԸݳԡֹֿۼ
룬ûݵĻڷϣûУҾǾÿ̫ˣⲻů͵㡣
ĻҲûջأ涼ԲƤڴĺ֥ԲԵ춼̵ģ˭п˵
һװֵԲڹԪǰжζ
Ҩһ׵ԲιԪߣι߽ͣǱ˿ûгԹԲһҪһˣ¿ڣȻһ׼졣
ԪһںסιԲǻ֥ģ̲סۡ
ϲʳ׽ԪУԵš
ԪһһԲ̧üζԶ
ЦýڳԵʳʱ۾ﶼй⣬̫һůƽʱ㣬һ
ԪõüأڴߴһԲüעι
ó١
ͻȻԪ͵ϮҲգ׽еԲҲԵʮ㡣
ԪҨһŴˣյߡ
ʳļ˵׾ͽԲԼĿڸ
Ԫ࿴˿бף΢΢˹ҨһԲͳԼС
һһڰеԲʳ꣬Щδ
ܳԶˣԶǶǡԪ໹ٳһ£æס
ԲŴˣԶ˲¹Ԫ಻֪һĸ͡
Ԫһֶ룬һĦأһֱż˵ͣС죬в֪Щʲô
ӳ˶ļȻ˺ôһͨ󣬼Ԫû˵ʲôǷϵ̾˿
ôˡԪȻûôķϻҲʱʱ̿ġ
ôȥ˿ķСķ䣬Լ嵲ֻаߴĴЩ
̫Сˣظ˶ز£ȥС
ӦûȥɡԪ룬еıаҰȥϰߣЩȥˣֱݸھӶ˲Ż
һҾװͲȥˣóûߡ
˵꼾Լ°ͣ죬Цôо͵Ƶģ뻹Щ̼
ԪǰЦ޼ɵлȻʵڼұµʱò١
ЦȻֹ
ϲõӣԺЦЦ޾Ϳޣϲʲô˵ϲľ;ֺܾñˣҲίԼԪ̧༾ͷЦᡣ
ǹԪһλͲڹԪ
ǰΪʲôңΪΣԪһ䣬ʼֿ
ɫ˲佩˽üĿĲԪӣֽŶЩ޴ŵһԵĿӡ
ԷתԺŽ͵ԭ
Ԫһ⸱Ӧˣ¶붼йء
һֱӴǲܵǣΪһŮԵķɡ
Ͼɵ³ûõġ
Ԫ಻Ҳ׵ȴԼĽʲô
ϵͳǵ㼸ٿͣ°õͦġ
Ԫ಻鷳鷳ԶţƵſڣ뼾κ
ȻŮɡǲǻڻҵһϵеǣǼаʲôɫء
ԪƲ۱һֱ¶ﲻյİȰȰȡ
ȰȰͻȻоһɹ˹¶ܾú⣡
ٳһͺˡԪעֻǷɢ˼룬ְĿŲڼϡ
˭ȻˣͶûܵĵ
ûôţԪ⻰ʣҳôˡ
ԪЦа񣬡ˣҿԴȥ㡣
ɶ㻹óܿڲ𣿡
Ԫ࣬


61 
ؼҵ·, һԪŽƽǹ궯
ʹ˵סһ, Ҳ赲ԼӦ
ǵַӦòڵĻӦʱ, ĿֱӰԡ
Ծͻ췢һϵаʾԵָ
粻Ļӡ
ԪҡͷЦֲϱӵͬϲЩƯĻʿǰԼʵԭڽζ/
׹󣬹Ԫǵ, ЩԼԼ˷ܡ
Ϊļ¶ùԪԼѪҺȵģ廹ģ绹ôõġ
ǰʮ²ûиԪ̫û䡣
ҵĲ磬ǻһƬˮУõǾֻľ֡
Ů˶ﳤĹԪ࣬ľֵĿ̫ǿңҽйǿҵִš
ƾԼ߳ҽ, һϵսڻҡ
ڿҽԺ, ҲԸŽΪȫĲȥ
ˣ˶ԷΪһҽ
һҽҽǲ԰̫ľϵ, ǰѧϰ, ûйഺڵ궯, ûй顣
ʹǰڲظĳλ
ǰַζ, Ҳû̫ľֻԼȥκ˶ֿߵ̬
˿òһˡ
Ҳʻȥʧഺүֲ˸
*
ӢΪԵʣҶˣֱӴŹԪĹظȥ
ԪܾͬһǸ浾ŵŮӡ
ʳ֮ҵСżѬգѴСжׯŶ˵ġ
޸ˣһ밸üͷӺͷԲغһ
ˣҴűʽ˿һȥĲƸ
иĸϵһµˣܲ˴ҹھ͵Լſڡ
û֮ǰҶһпɣһºǸɷͱɫ
ԭνĶһԸˣɷЩͷȹӣҡҷ֫иߺſʽŮ
ĶׯɷôĹŰȤ
ʹΪɷһһŮҲֲЩʽŮһϾšɡ
һһŮϳš
޳ңһͶ·ʮָûմˮĴС㣬Լļֻ˵ļҡ
ڴСĺôǣһֱ˿ͷѧĺգûûҹĴ壬һʲʲ
ͻľޱûûҹĴ˵ľ񶼸Ĺˡ
֪ԼѾ;ĩ·βƷ׵ҽһס
޸ֻһ˫Ů±ȫ
ò˵ܾ۹׼һѹԱ
־ǸˣѹԪ͹Ԫչ˵úܺá
һѻֽڷƮԪ๧ظܾ㣬ݡ
ӢŹԪŹԪԵؿͷһ仰Ҳûû˵
־͹Ԫܾһ·ͷϵĿݲݣøʵ뿪ڶŮӵļҡ
ȥ·ϣһ˶ЩĬƽʱЩڵĹԪ˿ҲֻԼ軳ĬĬָ
ǰЩӸԪ࿴ӣ·ң滹ڴɨϸһڵģԪ࡭ҪҪȥ
ӢĻһ˵ȥ
ԪҡҡͷȻҲҪҵģԺɡ
Ӣû˵ĬĬͷܹԪʲôֵ֧ġ
£ЩҪ˵ϾТô˵ҲǹԪһТ־Ϳѹ
˵ˡӢֻǸԪѣͰѻҸԪ࿴һӣҪҪһȥ
Ĺ־ҲҶһ£ЦЦȻҪȥġ
ԪӢԱıʣǼҴ𣿡
ӢЦۣСѡķӴˡ
һָϵԪ·ӡ
һռСĺש߷ĺԺǰʯʨӣһǰסľͲʲôͨˡ
صĽͨҲͦģŶ߼·һվ̨
Ԫһ·ڴλã֪⴦ӵλھڣ
ƿţԺмһŹԱ߻һС
յģ˼ŷĿûһֱܸ۵Ŀ
ۣҸķδҲ̫˰ɡԪһԺӾ᷿Ҵܣܳˣûз䡣
Ӣͦͦأǣһǧأҿɲɡ
ԪҲϸصͷǴһ˿ʵ̣ʱⷿӵԭס𣿡
ˣԭ⻧˼ǰӶ˻ȥⲻ˶ĺԺһ룬ҲҲû⣬ٲסˣúõķӿɾˣҼ˸ˡ
ӢԪ渵ھﲻ̫ƽǰȫķҲһЩ˶ĸһ/ɣƺӶϴ塣
Ԫˡ
裬ⷿôһסôԪԺܵͷ󺹣ԴϣؿӢ
Ȼס¡ӢŹԪԪݿյٹȢϱˣ̣Ժˡ
ԪݻΪԼܹȡһ䣬ֱӰż⣬ɵۡ
־ƿлļ¼ͷ޲޲ﻹһ˿á
ⷿﶼãۼδҲ̫Զˣһ˶㡣
Ӣûؿ۹־㣬ҽ˲ŲãԶ˵ΪʲôЩҸǲô͵Ϊ̫ҪǸԶһ㣬ûЩˣ
ЩļңӢһͷٺöܵʱԪֵܾˣԶһ㣬ڡ
δҲ̫Զˣüվ־㻹Щġ
Ǿ͵ǣԶϳԶӢ˵겻ˣԪЦݺʵԪడⷿˣǲǵðδϱơ
ԺòסˣЩطˣȥҹޣҵδϱһҪװϲɲǮ
ɶԪദˣ־ɵۣԼһԵؾͰԼ¸ˣ
ɲԪϴǿδϱ͵ġӢҲæͿˣǸ־˵£Žһ䡣
СӣгϢ־Ԫ˸ĴָȢܾǸܾĽס
ȢӢҲмϵĳɷ֣Լûе
Ԫ಻˽ܾԼʵ⡣
Ԫ࣬
ԪƤ񣬱־ͷҲ죬Ʋۿֲ´ĹԪݡ
Ǵֵģöҵˡ
ɶʱѶϱƣҸӶ£Ȱѻˡ־ȻӢҪż޲ùԪ͵ؽ顣
Ԫ˳ǣòײ˴߻ħצ
ԪҪ̤ȥµĻˣԪݿ޵۵ģŹԪȲ֡
ΪֱӸҽ̣Ҫ´λʱ򣬰ѳе֪ʶŪ
ڻϣԪݸһ֤뻹һ䣬ϲʲôķӣ


62 Դ
Ԫʵһͷˮ
ʲôӣ
Ԫ, ϲʲôķӡ
Ϳ, ֻҪǷҶϲ
Ԫ˼һ, ûˡ
, 㷿ˣïڹԪ棬һԪ˵, ˲²⡣
Ԫ˵ͷ, üͷ, ЦЦؿŽï, 󣿡
ŶŶŶ;ҴĴ˼ïӦ, æ͵
Ԫٴšü
ï߻ῴɫ, Ŀڵ, ǲϲ, һƺ, ϴ󣿡
Ԫü־, ֲᡣ
õκõΡ
ѦĿڽï͹Ԫת, Ĳξ
ؾǵӾʲô, ȻýѧĸԸͷйԪϴ
ѵ˵Ԫļ򵥣
, һμԪԵڳ, ʱùԪǸ, һ¡
ķѦ޲ҽïʸ˼, ˰˵ģ˵仰ܹ
òסԼĺġ
ƬͷҲƬһףýԺʹҲ㡣ïʡ
Ԫ಻رһ
ïԺ˼һ΢΢ЩüһƬЩʱͦģԴӸ˶ǰ󣬾Ϳһ룬ڶûʲôˣôȥǱ򷿡
ˡԹԪ˵ֻҪǱڵķӣ򶼻㡣
˶Ǯ
һǧ
ïòϻЩһǧǮȻ˵ˣ˵ԩͷʹˡ
Ԫ΢΢šüô˵
һƬڶûˣӶ˺ü꣬ôԩͷʲô죬߰˰پ͸¡ïһ˵ģ
Ԫɫûκεı飬ѷȫȫӢȥʱѾ˿ܻһ׼
ϾҲҽҽԺ·Уⷽȫһ⺺
ܻ۸һ׷ѾӢ˹Ľ
޷Ժǻ򷿡Ԫؿ۽ï
ïԪһ˵ܹ裬ǸãһԸʡܶǮģ
ԪЦЦû˵ˡ
ϳһֱר֤ĬĬԼĿڰؿŹԪ࣬ҾͿ𣿡
ǵġ
۾˲˼ܣһõϲߵС
ôҪʲôĴء󣬼ȴ
ûеڱĺ£Ԫܹõ֤һ˲˼ľ͸ӲŪˡ
ԪûмҪɡ
á˵Ӧ
˵ɣ߲Ҳõġ
ҲǹԪǸ˲ŲֻʣһƤǺõġ
һ·ϳʹȥ·ģԪŻʵ궼ÿ𣿡
СشЩΡ
ôˡ
ȥˡץץͷԵü䲻Ȼ
ԪྪؿۼʮĺӣͿԴˣ
ƺ׹Ԫһ㣬˵ҼҲǲԸģϾǶСʱɻ飬Ǿûطסˣǵʢȴֻ߸
٣ϴ׵Ĺǳúÿ𣿡ï£һԴ˴֣Щ˷ܵʡ
ָٴڷһץһơ
˵˵˵˵¡ïԣߴż˵
𳵵죬ҶˣͲҪˣİԣ򷢴ʱҲǲġ
Ԫüɫһݣ΢΢Щá
֪漾ҪȥףͲô
ڽïĴߴ£Ҳӣڰؿʼ˵ʵҲеڡ
жڹïȤ
šڻתһȦһλϴүɫˡ
˳Ŀ⿴ȥ˲һĿȻ
ǹµģïе㾭ˣԴɹɵĻ߰˵
ͷïͰѻƵǰʾԡ
Ҳ飬ӹһĿʼ
ݲװôһλµĹϴҪˣҸܣǸѧ
ï˵˵ž͸оͷ̧ͷһͿԪ˫ĺڵɭɭؿ
ïԴһת¶һЦϴҪҲʺģиڶѧ˳û˵´λҰԼǼ档
ԪʶĦһϵıüһɣƽؾܾˣˣѾˡ
ŶïЩϧԭԪϼء
ֻҪԪıԺʲô»һ仰¡
Ż׵֣Ԫ˵Ǿ˵Ļʱ֪ģ类һ㣬ʹʹġ
ʹЩ
ͻȻһӾͺܣܵᶼ
ƴסֻϾһ㱡ˮӣκ˿
ïֻϧһӣͲϣٿֿʼʵɩ˰ʲôģƯƯ
ԪƲۼ΢΢ˣÿĲ͸¶
ԪԽǲҴŲ˵ïԽùԪĶ󲻼򵥡
۾һĨ⣬»Ҳˣ·Σϴ㿴ҪҪôɩߵСýһҡ
Ԫ൭ۣģĽïĮûʺġ
û£ҲԺʺٽܸҲһġïżģûнĴ㣬ȵ
ȻԪȥԪ
ϳһֱһĬĬ˵Ѧ壬ï˵ùԪҶʱĶˡ
ôҲڽïôʱˣûйҲпͰɡ
ǴӽïϺƭ˲ٶǽï£·˻ˣǴβϴģÿٵķҲ
ҪǽïˣĴβĲʺƨ
һתۣڽïоʲôˡ
Ȼ˶ǿסģ
Ѧıͷᣬͷƫһߡ
Ȼ˿סͿԼԺïʹ
𳵾һӰһֱеѸٹúĬĬõ
ҲԼΪʲôѹģ֮һ뵽ԺڹԪԵǸİŮˣľܵĽ
иһѵӣʹڴؿڡ
ǸԪҪڱ˵ģַ᲻ã˼һʹһħϵش̼
ôˡڹԪԣȻ弾Ķǹɱ˵ȴܸܵ
ûһЦиհõĻԪС
Ԫһ׽֪ΪΣܾЩࡣ
*
Ԫڼһӣиȴöꡣ
һż鱨棬ɫöɱˡ
Ԫ࣬ãҲԲù˵žͰҽԺļ鱨ţ
ҵĶô죬ûвܸӣɾͳˡĸ׿޿ûע⡣
ʱԴһ˵裬ţиѾͷҵúӣҿҾͺƭ


63 
Ľǹ껹ôḻȤ, ҼҾͲһ, ڵˡ
, ˹, ïǸвסˣϻִˡ
ôˡ, еҪתƻ⡣
ï̾˿, 渵, Ҵֵġ
˵ǰúõӲ, ҪҴ֣º, Ҵ󲮳ĺ, ˵ʲôҲԸͺ, ֲ, ֡
ï򵥵ظҽ˵һԼҵļͥ״
ü, Ҳ鰡
иƨĸ顣ïҡҡͷ, ҴǸ˵˾Ǻʤǿ, Լûб, ɾ۸Ҵ, ԴԼˡ
ïżһ˫𾪵, 뵽Ĵо, ǵӰһԵȫ
ҴҴ޷ǾǾҴ󲮻ľǧλҴ󲮶֮ģҴ󲮶, üǲ֪ЩҴָиҶ˶ٺôҴ󲮸ˣҲܴҴкúôɲʹ
δ˺޳֮ˣһʱ侹ȻЩ֪˵ʲôˡ
󲮺ôҲǸľûеƢԪҲššü
ïˣΪǽͶ·ʱҴ˿ڳʳǼҵԴ飬Ҵ󲮸мһӡ
Ǿȥ˵ˣѦһŮӶȥˡ
ïһЮͼġ
һմϣ͸ƤҩƵģ˦˦
ˣ£Դͷ֮ҰְѼеֵǮĶתˣһյȥ˾˰ѷӲˣǻʡ˲Ǩء
סһƬ֪֪׵ھӣһⲻھ˵лǹʱŪúѿ
ï˵֮ɫࡣ
Ԫ鷢ϵĻ˾ͰѵʳٱԷܻԼצôЩꡣ
תһ룬λıܺ˿ɲһû˵ˡ
Ѧɫӵؿ۽ï뻹һ䣬һҾ̫ˣԲŻᱻͷ۸ҪӲһ㣬
ïƲƲ죬̾һ˵ʵЩʱҴʹҲһӣܲסҴҴҴ󲮴˴ҾʼҴеһ̣ƴọ̀ʹѿγ־档
ˣ˵Ǹ˵ǹʹˣ
ïҰɫͷҲͬʱҴ󲮵ģϾҴҽԺһߵʱֱӷҴ󲮡
ǹһ£һ£û˻ΪһӶ˼Ұװ׵ţôĵҴǶԵҴˡ
زˣҰ˾ǰüֵȻȻֵô˾Բٸɫʱֲ˺ãûð°뱲ǲùˡ
Ҳ֪ôˣԴͻȻһǰԲ뵽
ϴȻïССһ¼ƨֵ֪ҴֶҴ˰ɡ
Ϊ˺￪ģԸʹתҴǸƷңǸŮˣǺ޲Ķ͸ï˵Щ䡣
ʹҴҲ᲻üҴͶ·ԸѼǮƶ˴һǮУԺҲ̫ѣ¾¡
˵ïֻҡͷ˵ˡ
ԵѦͻȻï·һ䣬㻹ȱ𣿡
ïûؿѦ壬ͱˣٵȥʮ꣬ڰϿҪĽˣȻĵĸҴ󲮵һʳ
ѦɹЦǱܹǰԤ֪Ժ£һɶ
ԹŶޣ˺޾ڡղԾһʫͷĪЩᡣ
ɲïͷƫ⣬Ŵľﲻ֪Щʲô
Ψ˸еľǹԪ࣬޵ؿۼȻһЦʲô˸еģ󲮰ˣֲǻᰮˡ
󲮵ǰ֮Ҷʱ˲Һҵһθڵİ£Ҳĸһǰ;жѣҶһֱȥ
Ԫ˵ⳤĿƲۼ
˵ҲǡԪһѣï˲Լˣӵ˵ңԶԺ˵
Ľϴôҵһһˣ׼ʲôʱ飬ʱһǰһïûע⵽Ԫ˵ʱԪͶĽ
ԪüҴЦͻЩСʱȲЩ飬ȵʱһǵġ
աïԪ˵ԼĶ˶һƵģ̲ס졣
ǰĹԪһ˰û뵽һָһĻȻΪԷǣΪԪֻеȱȥůģȴû뵽ȶġ
ٴĵΪԼǸϧһЩԪĻ˵ʲôҪǣ
ԪЩʱܣöûа취ˮƴۼ
θʮ̳Ƶģ
ʹһֲףԼôˣڴǰͽЦֻܺݺݵҧŴƴš
ɲɣҪ޲ޣίǾǿһĻԪ俴
˻
ԪĴԶʱһͷϳѪĸһԵĳ嶯ĲɶƵĲһа뷨
ҪǰĿ˶ºݺݵ۸뿴һģԼתǧأĲõĳ档
һ뵽ľ̲סĲ
Ǹ߹Ԫ࣬ڼܲģӦðοŶԣǹԪƫƫܲȥοҪԼٶȤζһ㡣
ֶȤζһ𣬷ǵѹƲȥԽԽӿֱӰѹԪǸû
ղŻȶĹԪ࣬Ϊ˱ΣòһһϣȤشżǸ˷ܵı顣
ڸԼſظоڴԼһ̧ͷһ˫ˮ۾ٴӳԪͫס
˻
һٴδӹԪС˫䲻ѵˡ
ҡϡණ𣿡
˵һƴŲԼ˿ǲùԪ֪ޣֿҪҪѹƲסҪᣬ˵˵ýͰͣ۾Ҳգ
͵ģùԪ಻֪Ǹʲôһ˵۾˵ͷ
ƴĨ
УԽԽ࣬ҵȥɡԪβƲóһˣڵǿŵģֽĶ˲ƿǶ
Ŷü޸ŹԪߵ䡣
һţԪ˳־ͷš


64 
㡭
һʱŪԪ྿ʲô, Щ޴ꡣ
û˵, Ͼͱӳһʪʪ, ЩӲ, һԡ
䣡
Ǽ䣬Դһһĺ, ·һӲͣԴô, ʹ˶סˡ
۽һգ, ȫۼˮǿբˮֹס
Ԫӹŵһ, ҲƲסԼǿһһⱻҧú׵촽, Ͳȥ˵ʲô, ǰ
һԵɬ, ֱӸȥ, ҧϼĺ촽, һӼջڹԪ, һȦһȦˮ
˫ˮֳ۾, Ԫĵõ˼㡣
۾ԪഭŴڼĶϸš
˽ǻ۾ġ
ĴԴ˿һƬհ, Ԫָ˳ӵľͱ۾
ûȹԪĴٴθ, , һ˫ȫǸӵɫ
ǲ
СĻ＾ѹԼϵĹԪ, ʹƬһ磬˵ůǻڹԪ򢡣
ǵûֹԪ࣬ñƵĿռϢ
Ԫ΢΢г, ֿżͷ򢣬յ㲻ѵĴţżְԵʣ㵹˵˵Ϊʲôܡ
Ԫεţ̲סڹԪ㣬κ򢱻ģֻü㡭ˡáҡǶеġ
Ԫ΢΢һŷӦԭԼԼΪԼĶǱˣ
Ԫ̧򢣬ֺݺݵĴһڣԼԼģֱ֡
ֱӸࡣ
жҪʲôϵԪһʱĴҪСװ¶ʲôϲѵľٶ
գĿӣίٴҧҧһжͲԲ£ǲԵġ
Ԫ౻ɰЦǹһЦݣø׵ıǼڼıǼĥš
ܲϲһĿţԪûж˿һԹԪرʾϲȻ˶󣬾ͲԶԲ£
ԭҲǵߡ
ҪŹԪ࣬κ̫СͲǹԪĶ֡
ջҡԪ꼾ıǼ⣬Ķͷһǣ˵ЩȻ
Ŀ࣬ʲôʱջ㣡
ڡԪѼͷ΢΢ҵľǱüܹڵģ
ļ˫ͨ죬һ˫۾·С¹ײҧ׵촽Եֺˣֱһξģ
ҡһʱ
ܿ򶨹ݺݵصŹԪ֮࣬ǲԵģڹСҧ㡣
ϧ׺ݵģڹԪУûавùԪӵҪ׽Ū
ôҧҡ
ңҾҧ촽㲻ܳԷ
Һú°
ԪѼͷԼţͷϲţ˵űŻĻʵȴ
ҧҰ
˵ԪͰѴյߣ뿴ʲôӦ
һֻֽϻΪ˵ͿŻԪ࣬ȻԪһԶģѴյҧʱȴ֡
ίֱᣬ޳ܡ
Ԫ˳Ļ˵
øӿˣޣƴֱĨᣬôƲסеί
Լ۸Ԫ̬Ҳͷ̬˼֣ԣףұ֤ʲô
ССҭţͷԼĿ֨ùԪóѡ
˵ˣҪԵģȥƻ˼Ҽͥ¡Լֵĵ壬粻Լǵ
˾ǿļԪһڿԼıС
ûж󡭡Ԫ͡
ƭˣղһ׵Ļ˵鲢ïƭˡס䣬ʾԪĽƱ硣
Ԫסְһ˫ͫضż˵ûж󡣡
ԪͻȻķסðʵҲУǶˣᱻ˳Цġ
ñ˿ˡԪЩꡣ
ҧŴӵ޴ꡣ
˵ǲҲϲҡԪ۾Լӡ
ҡ֪Ԫ۾ӣֻһƫһߡ
ϣǸղ˭򷭵Ĵ̳ӣҶŵһζˡ
СǶԹԪûа취ӣ˵Ҳ˵ҲǶҲ
Ȼ㲻ϲңҾֻȥϲ˿ԪڼһܳĿռ䡣
֪ģڹԪſһ̣Ȼյġ
˼ؾѿڶҪ
˵ŷӦԼ˵ʲô˶޲굽ȥ
ҪʲôԪⶺż
ҪϲˡӬӡ
Ԫ仰Ķһϲá
Ȼ֪ϲġ
ָָԼı΢΢ţżֻЦ˵ȡֻҪܹȡңҾͲϲˡ
𣿡һߺϣһֿ۾ùԪ˲Լа
ǵ˵ͷ
ܿ죬ǰĿ˶˽ż⣬Ĵ˫̵ĴһڹԪĴ׿ţҪӲֶӲ

ԪһļֱҪըˣŴջż
΢΢üһ˿ѹܿľͱ
ССĶ̵ֹͷһһµڹԪĴš
ԪȫĶ񴥵һ㣬Уһڱһڸߡ
ҪǻдǸûг꣬ҲʺϰµĵطھѼ͵
һᣬԪ෢Ͳ񫣬֣һ޻
תΪ΢΢ſ촽Լⲻϵȥ⡣
һ̵ķ㶣ܿͱԪϯԡ

׵ͺ죬ֹͣĿ˶Ԫ඼ˡ
Ŷ
ɿסıϢڴڵغĿ
һͰˡ
ûãԪһ촽
һ˶˾飬۾ֳǡ
ˡ
ű죬̲סŭ˸ʲôϽǶҪˣ
Ԫδطſǵκļ
˺öҪðˣϽţһ̵˳ȥ
˿żԶıӰҡҡͷֿϴֵĹԪ࣬һ䣬һȺռéӲʺļһ
˹ԪҲذϴ꣬Ц˳ȥ
ϴôȥôãǲǴˡï͹ԪȥʱЩã̲סֹ
һʱͨ죬촽һ޹ӣĲ²͸׼ȷˡ
һǼʲô£Ԫˣ


65 Ҳ
ïԪЦϴֻֻǡס, 첻˵, ס
˳ϴ󱻴òᰡ
벻Ԫ˿˹, û뵽ͦݵġ
ïһңԼѡǼ۸ĵϴȻҲҪһ𰤽ѵˡ
ܿ콥, ӵĻһӼžܶ, ֻʣ´ĥ
ѦͽïҲŲס˯ȥ
ԪҲ׼ͻȻ½ǱԱߵС˶ָקק
Ԫۣü۴Цؿ۸óСɰ
ҡԪֱؿţӵصͷҧŴһ֪Ӻ˵ģ
Ԫϰ΢΢Կ˿ϸ
ָͣ, һشľղ֪뵽ʲô, һ, ̧ͷڹԪĶԣů, ŵɬʣǸղšûȡ㣿
˵˶Ѫںҹıɫ, ûܹ˿̵߇塣
˹Ԫ࡭
ղﱻ˴ϣûüʳ⣬ֱï, Ҳʳڣ˿ȴҲ̲סˡ
֪Լܲԣ֮ǲģǿƲסԼԪԽԽʧȥ
Ԫ౾ΪˣӦԼ⣬û뵽š
ббһۣ˼һ𣬷ûС
۽΢΢Ʋסˮɣʣϲ𣿡
ڰ˫ˮɵ۾ԵøۣһĻļⶼǲġ
ɸɬɬģ뵽ǸɬǣԪ̲ס򴽣ѹɤңҾ͸𰸡
ڣԪĴŵòᣬڳȫˣһԱƣͻᱩ¶
ɵҲף˵ΪǲԵģ˷֣Ҫǧָġ
ǲ£ϾǼھҲ㲻ʲôƶʹܵİ۶ȥٱҲʹġ
Ԫ಻һ
ѧʶͥҲܺãʶĴҲܶ࣬ǽ֪ԼȾѣ
УУС
˲ģͷҡø˹ƵģΪһ˽ͻ˹Ԫࡣ
Ǵ¡
ԪһҡͷһǰӣҪԶԼķӦü
ö˵͸ղһĹǰ˶϶һԲ
㰡Ԫ̧ڼıǼһ£ְֺް
ȻɽҾɽ˵ǰܲ˵ظϼĴϡ

Ԫŵòᣬ£ȴ̲ס¾ߵˣֻð
СĶִ̼ŹԪǡ
ڰķ羰ųͣҡҷͷڳϱԪ׵ԡ
ֵ˵͵͵Ĵ̼У˼Ͷܡ
֪ʱȥԪſʱ˶΢΢Ŵ١
´ΡˡӶͳһžԪøɾǵ˿С˵˿á
Ԫ˫ڼĶḧЦ⣬ⲻûб˿
ƳΧĻСС˵ںӱߣвʪЬ
ԪսĶЦںӱߣѵ㻹뾭ţ
ʱԪĻõöͨ죬ŽͣûУҵ˼
ʲôԪЦؿż
ǡĻȴͻȻͲֻ߳ŭذͷƫ⡣
ˣˣ㿿ϢһɡԪϸͷԼı۰ϡ
̫ðɡССĴһǷܾ
ûµģֻҪ㲻˵Ҳ˵û֪ǵĹϵԪĶ
šЩˣԪĻҲûж룬ͷڹԪϣ׼˯
룬΢΢ڹԪĴӡԼǣ
껵µļؿڹԪϣؽ롣
Ԫ౻ͻȻĶһ£ų˯ļŸղǸǣǹЦ⣬ռϸЦһССͣͦġ
˵һһ䣬̫С
ԪĲʶҹգŻ𳵵ѵԽƯԽԶ
ζ˾͸͵ȵèƵģʱʱ͵£˾ϵӶòô
ʱһζԪ໹ûϸϸƷļǾͲ»𳵡
ïֿ󣬹ԪͼǣֵС·ϡ
㻹ûлشҵ⡣ͻȻȥԪ໹ûиһ׼ȷĴ𸴡
ʲôԪһʱûзӦ
ȡ𣿡
ż˫峺ֿõ𸴵۾ԪͻȻĹִЦ
ڻΣ󲿷ֶģȻûȡ㣿
ԪԼǸˣϵͳǸ۲۵ķɣİõ׽Ūż
ָ㣬ΣʮΣ
źߡԪ۾˵
˵һ취ʮθҲġҧŴЩĵ˵
ǵ׹ܶΣΪʲôԼĲΣ
ԪֱӱĻЦ磬ûǻҲģӴСĸʵ̫ɰˡ
ɰ
ȫûⷽʶԪҲ̣շ
ãҾ͵ҲɲҪԽԽźáԪβסüǵЦ˵
ԪһȡЦսҲ𣬡Ʋ˭أһģ
áԪ༾ͷͷӦ£ΪҲжǻΪģҿԴӦһˡ
Ԫ׿żĴ𸴡
ҲѿڶҪˣҾУ
û⣡ԪһӦ¡
žžž
дƵԼ
Ԫ۲ûˣͷڼĴһģʮˣͬ־ͣ
Լձ͵׹ǣûӦԪĻץץͷЩըë
ˣըߵ䣬ϹԪĽŲߵ˵
Ԫ΢΢һЦթû˵𣿡
˳ӣԪòᣬͷһȲĵӣ˵ֻƵͷ·
Ԫӣһ˿УǸղ̫֣˼ɡ
ǰͷĬĬ·ļԪఴ˶ͷԣţˣ
ݺݵؿ۹Ԫֻ࣬ǰͷߡ
ĹĵģһͷţԪС߶Щ׷ϡ
ղǴβ㣬ʮκòáԪԼܸһСò
ĽŲֿͣؿŹԪ࣬˵Ŀģ
ģԪͲ췢ġ
˵꣬͵ż⣬ڹԪĴϿٵĿʪʪǣһЦܿ
թ˵ģֻʮĴˣ
Ԫ࣬


66 
¿ɾûھÿðʱȥǹ, Լϴ, Ū˾̯ڴһ㶼붯ˡ
ڴЩп˵, ЩЩ߸ʮֵĸŮˣǿɱǻҪ۵ö࣬¹ؼһҪ, ǻ𣿡
ԪЦ༾Դ, Ϊƶ˵Ż޴ûƵǷϣ㵽һ죬
ĩ˹Ԫ˾䣬ȻҲ㵽־ϵġ
ڴ˻ᣬһ´Ӵ, ˵öԣ˵Ǳ޴, Ҳȥ, ҵŬܶ
˵꼾ͷԼӾǴһߵĲϿʼĵ
ԪĬĬ˸СڼżװСʱȥ, ſһߡ
ԪüһҲ, ҲǺܶࡣ
̹ȻȴЩΣҲɹһЩ, ϧɬ
Ԫ˵ˣҲµ֣ֻĬĬżߴ磬װ
𾢣ǿžͱ˸ײ
һشǸ˫˫أǴĸ˶ڿ֡
Ԫһ֪̬Ͼ
˫˫´û֪һ֣ٱЩ฾֪Ҫ˼˶֪˫˫ʧ֮¡
˵ڸĸ￪ˣЩŮ˻ǰ࿴ñأҪǴԺ˫˫ɾҪ˵ָָ㣬һ̧ͷ
Ԫ΢΢һ˼⣬˼ؾ͸˫˫ȥ
ҲеĻƣڹԪ
˫˫ϰݣѵҪ˱ưոݣ
˵ҧгݣֺγҲ֪Ƿʲôаӳﷵһֱ˫˫Ҫ˫˫عںã˫˫Ը⣬һݳ¹ʱ䣬˫˫ſڣ˵˶Բ£ԭ¡
ޣⲻŸߴˣ˫˫ĺӣɱģ
Ԫϸֳһ˿ء
ǰȥʱ˫˫̬Ⱦѣ񳤹˫˫ſڱ˫˫˫˫¶ҲԼ¶
ӣҪ˫˫ĻһԼ棬ʲôȲѵ¡
Ȼ䣬Ԫϴȥѵʱ򣬱ֻȥƤûס˸
ȥˣԼԻͷݰɣ
Ԫһ뻹ܡ
Ǽӿٶȸϵ˫˫ҡ
˫˫ſѾΧһȦһȦˣȫֵġ
˫˫ƽǸֵ£ҲЦˡ
˫˫ǰǸ۲۵ʵˣ°˸Ӵŵģһ˿ɲˡ
û뵽ʵҲ˵һأС˫˫Ѿͷ
˵ʵˣҿʵ˰ƽﶼƺ«˽˭ﲻǱŻĳ
ҿҪ˫˫֪һԵˣȻ˼ҺӣͲҪˡ
˳滹ˮӵ˼أҾ˵ǰ˫˫׮ºö˶˵ôɽϦԭǰ˳֪ࡣ
Ԫȥˡ
ǸĿݣȫָ˫˫εĲ㣬ȴ㶼û˵Ĳǡ
촽ڶһЩվ˵۵ĳ฾ϡ
ƭ˫˫ֲԸ˫˫飬¹ܰһʹ
ס˫˫ҴŽţû˳ͣڳϷ嶯ǰ˱⣬ǵʱҲˣ
Ҳͳ嶯һʱһҲӦڲҵʱ򣬾ȴ
˫˫Ҵˣ˵仰ɣҪУתһҶӦ㣬㲻ҪԼĺҪ
˫˫ſڣ˵ϴĻȴȫûϴ˼Ļﻹһ˫˫ҪĲ̫ߣԲŲһ˼
˫˫֪˶ʲôָָУհŴ˵ע£ҧҧأǿ򶨣
֪࣬زʶΪҪҼס
˫˫󣬾Ҳ¡
Ҳ˵ϴε¾ܲƷ£ʵǽ˶ġ
Ҫ£ֻ·ߣһԶ磬øĸһָ̧ͷǼ޸󣬻Ҫܶ˵ָ㡣
ȻֵĵزҲҪָģôѡָ粻ϡ
˫˫㲻ܷ˰㲻ңĺܹҪҵİɡ
˫˫ڲϣ˵鲢ï˫˫ǰ˫˫Ȳ֡
ˮűߣһסԼҹŮȣ˺ֱӲܲ˵ȥݺݵشĸ첲ϡ
ɿ㲻ҪڣҹŮҪء
Ҳ֪ηʲô裬ˮӶڶȴҲɿס˫˫ȵ֡
ˮ壬ҪǾôܹôУֻ㿴˫˫Һӵķϣҽ˫˫ȥŰɡ
仰뺢ӣҧ˫˫ϣ뾡취ΪŮѵĸҲЩ޲ߡ
˵Ҽ˫˫ĺӣ֤ݣˮͬŮһŮһӼ޲ȥҲù޸ˣ
ȥҽԺһ֪͵ˮ仰˼
ˮ̲סüŮеȥҽԺɾסŲư
Ԫˮһд·Σգ˳Ҳҽ˫˫һ°ɡ
һԪ࣬ͫۿĺôѹƲס
˺
Уһģýسҽ飡Ҳ˵˫˫ĻĺӣسҽҲãһһԱ˫˫ͷ
ֻҪȵѾͷºӺãôĥôĥҪǼעԼϵʹһһȥ
ðԪӦ¡
⡭ˮݡ
ˮ壬׻˵úã²¹ţǾһҽԺҲ֪ĲǡԪ಻ɫ˵
ˮĶ˲˹ԪúղžŹԪһء
ãΪŮףȥҽԺ
һ˽ţϵҽԺȥ飬ˮӳˣһϵҽԺ
˫˫ԥȥҺдӣʱҽԺ￴˶ûм˫˫ȥҽм顣
ʱ鱨ͳˡ
˫˫ñ棡
ȥáȫ̲黹Щģʿñ󣬼ǰȥá
̯һλεĸֳǰûлУ
ⲻܣűһĲţ
֮Ӵ˫˫С΢΢Щ¡ǻףôûлС
ҽҽⲻܰҶôûлУаԼҽ˫˫һμ˼
ҽ۱棬ǳ϶Ķ˵ûдҽԺô󲻻ƭģҿȷĸ㣬λ˫˫ͬ־ûлУǴ֮
ⲻܣ𾪵һƨڵϡ


67 
񻹼ǵ˫˫׵عĳ˫˫ôܻǴ֮
ż鱨, ŭĿԲصŹԪࡣ
һǹԪʹʲôֶΣ
㣡, ͳ嵽Ԫǰݺ, ŭɶ
һڸԲԣ
ʱٿ˵Ҫ˫˫ʱ򣬹ԪھʹӦ
ʱûзè壬п, ǸʱԪӦԷ, ԲôɴĴӦ
Ԫ˵ɾԼ·ָǿЦЦҸʲô
ĹͬҽԺ飿ԪԽǷƵ£ԽйԪӰӡ
Ԫʼ磬ӰбΪʲô, ʵ֤˫˫ûа㹶, ͲҪˡ
ɤӶð, ܣǵȥҸ˫˫ڰ׵ء
û˵, ˮһŸߵùڵϡ
Ǹһζξ㣬û뵽ʱ㻹Ů, ǼҸкԹγ
ˮøһֵĶҲиܣǼҵŮö˶˵ı˵Ĵ, ŪΪ
¶̬Ҳ
Ǹ֪㿴㻹û£ͻضɻɣǴʱׯڿɲˡ
˵⻰˿Ǹʮʮĸһ̨¡
ܣ϶ǸҽͨڲƭҵģҪһμ顣
ˮһߣ˫صعҽԺˮذϣ۵ҲϾĻȥ
Ǳҽ˿̿ӣҲ̲סüվ˵˾乫λͬ־ҽԺȻȲʡǵĴҽԺҲ¶
˵ֿ۹Ԫ࣬λСͬ־Ҳزʶͨ㡭
ҽĺôվǸ棬ûаʵ
ҽ⻰˵ģɣڳ˶ɵӣҽ֮⡣
ȿȡӳˮ˿֪࣬ģ֪Ǹһͬسǣ벽û뿪ҵߣôҽͨ
⡭
Ҳ벻׵ĵطһʱſڽࡣ
Ȼᣬ֪˫˫ͬ־úõǸ¾͵ȥ
ֵла˵ģ˹Ԫע⡣
ԪۣĿ⼸ϴƬ̣нһ
Ϊ˰˫˫֣˹
ؿǼˣվЦ֪࣬δЩɡ
ǷŭؿŹԪࡣ
Ȼ˼Ůͬ־ˣ֪ǲҲüһŮͬ־һԪЦ˵
ȭٴ𣬾¶Ĵֺ졣
ƾʲôҪҼ飬ûлУһ߳ŭ
ԪЦ˼Ůͬ־ҲûлУһƾʲôҪ˼Ҽ顣
ⲻһѡ
ʲôһͬ־²¹šԪббֵ͵һ䣬ѵͬ־ʲô֮ɡ
㣡ԹԪüŭĿҧгݣȴκãûðɡ
ˮһԪĻ˼˲ͨ͸
ȻԼŮ壬ǻʲô߲
Ůһ㼴ʹصҲⲻ˻˵˵ˡ
Ůһ˱ָ㣬ȻʣҲͱڲ塣
ˮþͶˮʹ˸ɫǰһǰһסʵǰȦסܡ
ڿˮԵʱѾоԾҪܣϥǹȴ۵ղŵʹû
Ӻɷ첻ǣ˫˫ˣһʲôˮ˵ǽһȻ
ˮҲһ԰ǻͬ־ģεļѣȫǴӱ͵ҽԺ飬ɡ
ǲ
ʹԼˮ˺ˮǯѿһϸƤĶôκεµصׯںͷͱ߳ϸ
һѣͬ־ɶˮҽҶȥ
ԪۼֿĸҺӣһĶЩͨǻ˿ɵۣ֪ôǻȥ
СʱȥûдҽҳԪѾһݼ鱨档
СʮһꡭΪ侫ضΪв
Ԫǰĸֲвһס
һ£ƽһףǰֵ˶ըˡ
ֲ֪೤ģľȻῴʵʵũŮ˫˫ԭⲻС
Ȼ˫˫ں˫˫òһֺ̰
и㲻һȽǮ֪Ϊο˫˫˶㶮ˣ
Ϊ˫˫ƽǸʵͽģ󰡡
Դӱ˼֮ɫһֱģҲŲʣͷ֪Щʲô
سǻȥùԪ࿪ڣЩȻȻͰҽԺ﷢ڶûɫ
ֻһϵʱ䣬ŸӼҼһ֪е¡
˫˫ĹעûôˣҲżһЩһЩۡ
Ԫûв뵽ȥһصӣͼܻؼҡ
һƿţһӰ˽Уһ˫۾˫˫½𣿡
ԪวŻĿ˶Цصͷ
̫ˣְ취ȻҲܹ뵽һݵؿŹԪࡣ
ԪʵҲû̫İ취ֻȥҽԺд˫˫ֻ֣Ҫ˫˫ȥһʱýе˫˫
ľһʱ
Ԫ༾ԴЦЦʱҽϵ
һȥҽԺ飬дĶУҺűʹ֤ûпԼð©
ԪȻţϲ⻹Ҫ༸֣©Ϊ˰ˣ˭Ҳй¶ȥԺҲķӸҽԱ鷳֪𣿡
Ԫ˵࣬СҲһ壬֪ˣ֮һ˵ã
ţԡԪص㼾ıǼ⡣
üһšȻν˫˫⣬ȴ¸⡣
һʲôⰡ
ưոݵġԪسǻʱһֱĬԵعͷ̵ʶϢ˵ġ
һʲô
˫˫ĺʼǸ⣬þǡ
Ԫ಻һϲԼը/ˣȻҪǡ
֪֮٣¾߻ûеǱ߾Ѿˡ
Ԫ𾢣촽Ͼʹһʪȡ
żһĴ̼꣬ԪЩӰ˵ͷʧӰ٣Ӧżݹ顣
ԪʱͻȻڹԪĶϸʣʮˡ
͵ϮңԪͷЦż
ûаҹոԼûע⡣ǺŤԪӡ
ԪŲܼСͰ˵ЩʲôͷڼĴ£ʮΣһζ٣
㡭
¡
ˣ
£
ǷҶʮˣԪ಻๵
öͨ죬ģȻҾͲԸİ취
ԪѴǴյԣΣң



68 
ǰ첻ߵˣһŭ֮, ֱҧϹԪĴ
ССıһһҧڹԪĴ, ÿҧһ»ͷڳӡ¡
۸, ҧ㣬㣡

Ԫ⧲³ʹغֱϲ
ǻʪСͷ, һǰδе, Ӵӵȫ
оʹһ˷ܸС
ٿһΪԼ׺ݵģʵϸӣЦֿɰ
˼Ӽйˣ΢΢Ŵ½ż⣬ڹԪؿ, ԼĽż⣬΢΢ЩԹ
ʲôʱܳ, ÷Ь
°ʹů, һĻԪЩ, ĿⲻԾ׷浽Ь⣬ȻѾĥЩƤ
Ҹ˫ЬԪü΢΢
Ǹ۲۵, ̸ϸģЬӿҪһ㣬ǼԼ, »Ҫܾ֮Żע⵽
ڹԪţյ˵òЬ£㲻㳤𣿡
ڹԪǰԼͷȻ£ȥ˲١
𣿡ԪԼûôע⣬ʱ·ĿǳһҲ¶¶֣治ע⡣
еġ϶صͷǵȥڻüʱ򣬹Ԫ໹ֻһͷֱӱȹԪఫһء
ٳȥԺֻܲڰˣҪҲǣ̫ˡŹԪѵõ
Ԫ˵ֻȡŲϲˣץסᣬǹԪԽԽߣӵеĻԽԽˡ
ԪͷűԼһصļھĻҲƣ䶯ҿ㡣
ôð
Ԫ룬ɣƶһţֻҪ˵ţҾͰͷ¡
áĴӦ
ַͷһ˼ƶʲôźء
Ԫ΢΢һЦɣԺԪֻ࣬ҪңҾͷ
ԪࣿһůֺżС̽ں˵Сè䡣
šԪļ΢֣סҪǿаѼruaĳ嶯
ԪĵͷˣĵöҪըѣִ˼֣ૺŹԪ֣ԪࡢԪࡢԪ࣬
ûеúԪⰵ˰Ϳ
ãǾ¡ļš
šԪȻ
ѽˡ°ź󣬼̧ۿЩƣĹԪ࣬˼ذסͷ
ŹԪڴϣԪིĸ⻪ǹ·ģʲôְҲǺֻ֪Ȩͦġ
ţԪ̲סššüżԼϣƽ̹ûһ˿׸Сż˵
Ԫ౧ڻ΢΢̺죬ԾŲһԼ/ڹԪĴϲȥ
ùԪؿ쭡
𶯡Ԫͷڼļϣᰴţ˵΢΢Ϣ
˲ʵ糺һ˵һϵĶӡ
˽ӣԪһ߰ż֣һ˵
šͷĸֻһ֮һֻǡĸ˶ӣŵһ߿һۡ
ŮԪʵ
šԪһʱ糺նõѪˣæҡͷŮһУֻĸΪһӡ
˵һӦöǣô硣Ԫڼʵ
ƽġ΢΢꣬Ԫ׽ŪĻᣬڹҺ֪磬ԺҲҪȥ̳ģһҪƯÿ
šԪûˣԼĻöЩȱȱ
ץסᣬٱһ粻ص̰ܻһһ׼˵¶ԡ
ûһһֻϻʲôͷԪ࣬ѯ
Ԫü˼죬ʵô֪Щģ
ֲͫףðŻ³֣ܡ
ʵҲʲôܣ˵˾ơ
ȻǰҲôҲػһˣŮӽǿ飬֪Ĳ֪ﶼ
һûµĻŮڻȥ͸ĺͻᱻȥũũŮΣη׷
ʱŮѾԪΪԼ˽ۣ
˯һڶӣԷԵĪ̿ס·᲻Сĵ
ÿεùǻһˣ֮ͻᵽҽ鿴δĶǹԪࡣ
Ҳû˵ЩǹԪɵģֱŽ̲ĵĽӽŮŭ˹Ԫ࣬Ԫһٺ󣬲˵ٲ뿪ŮĻӭӸӵù¡
֪Щ¶ǹԪɵġ
֪󳹵ŭˣһҪùԪѣû뵽ȴԪһٱֱһ
һˣδŮʹ仳к²ű˳Ҳȥ/͸ġ
ڹԪٱĲǴӺζ֪Ҳûϸ˵
δùκΪԼıȡĻƣȫǰŮȻռ˵Ȼ
һͶˣ˵ĶʼǱ˵ģȻŮʲôˣҲʲôˣǵȻҲжصĸ
飬һжͷͣ
͸͵һһֻ͵һ룬ҲһԶС͵š
һμˣǰ֪˹ԪȻ
ΪԪĺãǹԪĻԸӡһһܵİ̺ۡ
ż˫˵۾Ԫʹˡ
ãȻܣҾͲˡԪҲûдȥѯʼĵܡ
һˣҪ
šõԪεļǿģ¶һױȵЦ
׼˱Ԫô׷ʣû뵽ԪȻʲôʣڿĵͬ飬ҲõС
ҹ𨣬ǳãӳüЦݸҫۡ
Ԫ»еļɤʵɫˣЩ˯ɡ
ãȥˮϴһ¡ȻļĴӹԪߡ
ǺůͣӹԪһߣºҲˣԪһ˿ԴڳѪ״̬ĹԪ࣬˲侲
ϴڴϣЩߣԪ࿴˿ԼԶļʵôԶʲô
ⲻ¼㡣գգۣ뵽Լҵʱ򣬰ѹԪ༷ǽȥ龰Щ˼
ܴ󣬲ұԪ̧ѵһǡ
ŶҲԼıԪıŵߣԪı
ŹԪеµζǴС˴ůѾ
λ˻ǽˡ


69 
꼾ĻԪһ⡣
ȥռϾٱһ
Ϊ̫ʱ, ûпõϵ, Ȱռ, ֪ȥˡ
Ԫϲ쵶ն飬ΪȴʱԽãмĲȷԾ, ֲյԪϲ
ĻҲȫû, ԪṩһµĿ˼·
ü˲ߣԪһسǣ߽˳
˿ںſһûһ졣
ȥѧˡ
˵ǺſڣʵϾһӵڣӰӶû, Ͳ˲顣
һߴŻĺƤһ߹۲Χ, ԪĻ, ִЦЦҲѧ, ؼس˶ôԸ̡
ԪҲˣῪĶڼ֣ǳ, ûԸƽ޹ʵذԼԷս̸ˡ
Ԫ಻˵˵ǵȥѧ, ûгѧ⣬ҲûôαôҪҪῪģһ
ǴˣЩϰģߵҲʮ࣬ϸܵʮ
ǰǸùڵЩϡ
Ԫ౧֣ǽϣŴյůϣЩص˭˵ûгģ
Ż׵㶣˼ؿŹԪ࣬Щϲ˵гˣ
һ뵽ԼҲͬЩϰһŴڸʻҵɽ룬Ϧ༤ˡ
ȻԪĻȴͷһͰˮ
ʱûС
׸һǵ˼Ȼ޴档
ܿˡԪֵ
οɲϵˣҰɣһҲóǧĶôǮȥ
ȥһ£ϳģҪһԽԽáԪĻֱӿڵ
üͷһ壬ǵ˵İ̺۾͸ӿɲˣûѰİɡ
Ԫڳб㿴Ц𣿡
񡣡һ˲ʵˣҽȥ
Ԫջߡ
˵ɶû˻ῪҸ˵⳵˲˶þͳһѷ
Ŷѵ̬ȣǺȰȰԪũѰسǶҪ٣˳ûô
˵Ὺ
֪ˡԪ·֪ʲôһ
Ҫ򰡡û׶ˡ
Ԫ࿴˿ΧѾһĻ׺Ƥ뻹ѵӪĵطƤͬ˷ѡ
ɶӪĺЩ¡
Ԫ죬Ϊ׳
ȿȿȡ
˵Ļ׻źƤǺһĻм
Ԫõﴽ
ˣҸոǰߣ㿴ܸܲװȥ˰װˡ
ԪѾܹܷĵذЩ½ȥɣ˺Ǻ˵㣬ܹķԸһ˿㹻ˡ
Уû⡣һӦ£ոѾЩߣûϳǻǸ·
Ԫ齻òˣǽĺ󱳵׼뿪ˡ
˰ԪҪ뿪æס
Ԫ࣬£
ⲻʣɶʱ򿪹ũǱ߶ĵ籨ˣ˸꣬ҼһǸء
˵ʱ򶼴ŨŨزģҪǹʱ򱻹Ԫȥǣһũ١
ǹʱ۹ߵÿƽʱһβʹ
żȰѳ˵ֲȱǮԪ෴Ǯ²Ǻż
ɵһŹԪֵ࣬ûвɣԼɵ˰ɣǶǻ̵ǮƱӰ
ûЩƱӣʲô򳵡
ţ׻û˵ڣֻǼھȥȥ
˵꾹ȻȹԪߵû
ԪݸһЦ뿪˺Уȥʾʵһţͻ˸߲ӡ
ԪࡣԪܿĵؽ֡
Ԫͷɼż⣬Ĵһѵˮǡ
һϷԣھ˹ԪͼСȤԪ˼㺡
û˷ȥˡԪ࣬ЦܽԪ˿Ⱥõķˡ
ûʹԪõʲôԸιԪԪһ
*
һȥ·ֹһյһš
һм˵ģǿ˿ַȻϳǼģ뵽ΨһĶӻϳ磬׻ǰŸ׼°ȥٿ
Σ°ˡ
Σ߰
ΣСˣҪĶѣ
һһһӣͷɶ˷֣Ҹ¼Źİ°·ϡ
һ·в˸к˶飬ٲҲηмӡ
һͣض˵ͷʾ⣬ֱ׷ĸоڼҿЩСΪԴ׵ĸоһ
ǮȨһԿ͵ĶӣһĶǳŸɾģЩ꣬һؿ׳
ǿϧЩǶӶǲģôȻֻٻһӡ
뵽ٻһӣܾûȥٻĶҹˣҪȥ
Ÿһҡҡͷٻһţûʱζ͵θڡ
ҵĶʮ޺ÿ
һ¾ֱղܣͼѡ
н˹İһ촽ջǾȻؼҿš
ܹλȵ˶ǱٺãҲá
ȻǲǶ磬һž֮ģһǻǸһƶϴļҡ
Ҵϴһ鷿ǷŲ𿪡
ʲôûУֻһż鱨档
һǲ˼Ĵŵĸо˼鱨档
һǶӵ֣һĲ˵أϸݱ
ԽɫԽףȻȻŭ
ˣһʵ滨ľϣѡ
СȻУһʷʵĲӶˡ
òӾΪҿ֦ɢҶģΪ˶Ӳʮʱʹ˻Ϊ鵽Ů˵Ȥ
Ϊ˶ӵĽϧľͿʼ֣Ա˵جΣԶ˵ĸ
ȹҹϵѶӵũٴũһԺӵôƯ
ڼٶӣԺӴˣٰ·һ飬Ҿͷˣð̵ַ
ϧβŽʼ˸ˮˡ
һֻ߳ŭһ᲻˹ǸӷĿɳŹĵݱ档
ţһְѱϸϸٿһ顣
ѽҼǵAѪٻABѪôСOͣ
һҲǶˣÿ궼ҪȥҽԺ飬Ѫһ˵˽ñȽġ
ABѪ͵ôóOѪ͵ĺӡ
ŶݱŨŨĲκ;ģһȥһȻӼ


70 
һں󣬵Ľˡ
ҽԺ, ʾӲ, ûзֳ
һܽܡ
ܽĶǸ, ǸɵӶУǲܽĶӲС
Ҫ֪ϥ¿ɾһ磬Ϥϳȴֲܲ, ʲô
һŭѵʱ, һϢִˡ
ṩΪƶȰٷ֮ʮ壬ӹϵ
һλҽԱѼ鱨һǰϸĵظһ顣
˵ʲôһۿʱǺ죬һ˫۾ѪݺݵҽԱ, ˵һʹ˵ĳ嶯
ҽԱһͷŲţĬ֮, ֻǵضһһ, ڰ
һҽԺӼֽһظ, һ־ǰͷһҽԱӦҲ˵㾭顣
ܳһҽԱĻзŭ, ɿ죬һȭͷԱߵǽϣǵ·ҽԱƵƵĿ
ָؽϵʹ, ûһ侲Դŭ
˵ӣǾζٻ͵ӣ
ʮһˣҲζ˶ʮĶӣ֣ⷢҿƴңڰ֮ȫ˱ˡ
һͷһһɵسѪҧѪֱðû֪һ㡣
ٻúݵĻһ³⼸֣뵽ٻǸ濴ȥʵŮˣȻһ֣ݵ
һҪԸٻʱ˼٣صҵһʱҵԼĸס
裬ҪǹԪһһ붼Ȳˡ
һ뵽ڸ߲Щ̶ܵ޷ܡ
ʱεܵ裡
뵽´һĶǺ롣
͸ҪԪˣһеһжΪԪ࣬ûйԪ࣬ļһﻹúõܹʹ˻УЩͲᷢ
ٻһ˵ɫ˲һףӣҪ£ôӳ鰡
裬ҲٵȥˣһʼҾ͸ǹԪͲڵʹࡣ
Ѿˣһ뵽ʱ˹Ԫһͺڲѣ֪Ǹʱ͸ö֡
ǡٻΪŮʼնִɱɱη壬Щԥ
Ҳʮ侲裬ͱˣҸͺã㲻ҪǹԪҲҪԾͷ
塭ٻҧҧ촽Щҡڲ˿㲲ѵĶӲĵĵͷðɣԸȥмǲɺɼ꣬һһҪ˼С
û˵žͱǿƿ˵ĸӽͷתȥһǷֵӰͬʱС
ɫһ֪һ˶١
һϺʲôҲûзһ΢ЦʵʲôҪ˼аСˣôҲ˵
һһһʣԼͬһ
֡ᣬίغ
ôˣһίһѯš
±۸ˡʵʵشš
Ǹ˸Ӹ۸ҶӡһŭһֶɸֵôģһĶûվŰģ۸㣬Ͳ֪۸ȥ
Ҹ㶵ʲôŪ˴һѻˣ˲鵽ͷϲɣס۸ˣûб۸˵ĵ
һһϯʱܹ裬ԭЩģΪһ仰תø
֣֪ôˣ
еķһǲԾ̡
ٻܾýһЩģ׻ʲôû˵
ZϫFՈPע
*
Ԫཫżĳȥ󣬸߲һֱƽ˾ģϹ¹ʱǻһЩİԡ
Ͼʱ»ûʲôĿ̸ⷹʾͳΪĿ֮һ
Ŀάָһ£ǵùԪҲҡͷԼԺɵע㣬ЩðԵ֪£Ȼ죬һ׼Ⱥ籩Ҫ
ԵĺôùԪ㲻žܴöϢ
֪ٻȥһڻûлԪ̲סü
²ǷãĻ£Ŀǰֻһһ
̧ͷ˿ԶļԪ̧ȥ
ռһĹ֣Ԫˣͣµһᡣ
ôˣ𣿡͹Ԫڸ߲Ӵ֮󣬼ǹֶһ˼һ룬ƽϹʱ֮䶼ǻŵģ¡
ԪҡҡͷܾһӲԾû£ǹһ£ҪСһ㡣
Ŷصͷǳʲô𣿡
ԪҲǺƶЦЦҲһǳ£֮Сĵ׼û
õġ
Ƿ঵ģɹض˹Ԫࡣ
Ҫʱ̶֮ĲС
šصͷͬԺһ£ϱӵʱûзʲôش¼
֪û֮󣬲Žƽ̬ʱ̼ǵùԪĻ
ʱʱ̧ͷܡ
ԪСĲ٣̧׼ҪߣȴԼһ
ʲôԪӶóһʵ
ǿӵղһ߸ǻģҪǶ˾Ҹû˵ĵطԼ͵͵ˡܼĽԪеıصܺ±˿
ֻһ
Ҷأȥԡ˵첽ǰ
ȥǾȥСɽͷҡԪŶԼС
ĻŻŵ߿ˡ
ûãԪǾСɽͷ
óղǿһڼУЦҹԪԼԶʳһһ롣
ŹԪָİ߱ӣ̲ס¶һɵɵЦݣá
ԪͻȻһź˿оЩĪ
ŹԪİӣһСڳţһ߹۲ΧĻ
һʱ̽ŹԪĻҲǵͻȻַ͵
ųżͷһֵĹŴӲݴŹԪĺ󱳡
׽ٶ˲ˣ۾һգҲգĶǸӣǸð̵ʱ򣬼ͻȻʲôѸײڶ֮ƿǰĹԪࡣ
һ/ľ֣ܹҪ/ľ֡
ľʱ򣬼ԴֻôһлȻ͸оһʹڵϣգԼȻǲҪˡ
ȰȰĴӼĶµĲеŭδؿղŲݴԵλá
˱ˣ-ĺˣҸɵ
ȰȰĺǣԪԴһһһһܹԡ
ȰȰôһԪҲ֪û£Ѹٵؽ˵еıʰá
Ѽ
û£𾪲ѣоӵ͸ĸԪúõģֻһӡ
˵Ԫͷʾ⼾
ɵıͲ˵ˣһ򣬾кö


71 
˭ľˣӵľ֮Ͷ, Ԫͼֱŭ
ԪãȻҡҡͷ
ҲãȻҡͷ, ΪʲôãȻ޴飬װ
ôƫڲݴԪͼ˴˿̶ץŵ˴, ЩŤ
Ƕ, һУǼѹԪƿ, ҲӦûŶԣôû£
˴űŤ, ѹɤȰһ䣬С, ǿ, Щ˷Ӧ, Ҫץġ
ӵ/ľֲ㷸, ľֿǾ, ̸ͨľ֧ûʲôһ׼¡
Ȼ벻ͨڸ˴Ȱ裬ȫ˼, ΪʲôûµɻС
, ٿһľְ, ҾͲܹоɡ벻ͨվȺлúõĹԪͼβסŨŨغ⡣
ɣٿһľǾ߲ˡ˴˵ʲôҲͬ, ٵеľ֣Ҫ뿪
ǵصӦѾǵķ򣬵ӷӦǿɾ߲ˡ
ס˴䣬Ȳģ壬Ҳģ
˴̾ϢСҲ֪㲻ģֻҪǻžлᣬշ
ץסһλᣬһλҪȵʲôʱȥʱһҲԸȴȥˣΪ˽һУɽĿӡ
Ҫÿ쿴ŹԪ໶ֵҪŹԪھҪٽôܻġ
ߣˡ˴û˵ȥȺʺ˹Ԫͼ˾ͳɽץܡ
Ȼ˻ûܶԶͷ׷׾
һȺźɫƷľֶǵˡ
ҪҲܲˡ
λ磬кãҾǶӶòˣŴֶԡ
˴Ҫ䣬û˵ͱϡ
ԣҿҪ˰ɡΪ׵һӲƶ˸˴͵ĻֱӷԸߡ
Ƿˣ֪Ұ˭𣿡һӿϣҪˣӡ
ҹ˭˷Ҫ¡Ϊ׵Ӳ˿ֱӷԸ˰ס
Ͳ֪ʲôĨסֻܹһ˫۾صӲӣ޺޵ҰˣҪһܲ
Ԫͼ˸ӵɽϣľסһĻ΢΢Щ졣
ӶҪˣСʵΪ㱨ȻԼ˾
ԪϸһЩϵƷҡͷģӦֱġ
֣㲻ˣʲôమɱϷ룬ôŪñϷĳûÿ
Ԫû˵ˣΪȺ죬Ѿſõǰ
˷Ƿʹľ֧ѾҲؾţҪҸλ¼ϡ
ӲӺǹ¹죬˵Ҳ۵Ļᣬɽ
һߣӵ˻Ȼһ¾Ϳʼ۷׷
ʱԪǸңŽż·ϵ/ӡİһԣ·ϸϸĸ
/ĵطеףԱ߰۵ļγԱȣùԪۿЩɬָҴȥʵ𣿡
Ͻ·ȥ΢죬ۣôɽأá
˵꼾ַɵؿŹԪ࣬Сֹǵ/͸ҵĸﶼӡӣôûء
Ԫûлش⣬תЩӵؿżΪʲôôɵҪƿ
۾ǿɵһŹԪ࣬Ҳƿ㣬ġ
ôԼԪжҪȴ޴ɷ
ֻһĸȻⲻûû׼үŴ͸һղ֮
Ц꣬ԪȻһģ·ǸתŻ⣬ǿϧúһ·ˡ
ԿԵĵģɰѰȰȰȸĻˣ棬һŻģޣҪңΪôһʧȥֻһ·ҿʧȥɤӰȻɤûлµģɤȥ/ҪǴġ
ȰȰأ˵ŻûͷɫӰ£
Ԫڸ͹˲ñ¶ȰȰȣԼﲻͣ˵ҵķһͰѶİȰȰȸ
Ҫ˵͵ѻ˵һױһסԪץ²лδİȰȰֱԲ
ȰȰȼѾ֣ż֪ԼѾ¶¶һΪ˵΢ЦԼкˣСð

һ̼˶ˣ飬綼ʼħ
ΪԼѾˣû뵽ϾȻܹ˵˻ߡ
߻ԼǱá
ŵˡȰȰȿһȫ±״̬еļ̧̧ƤСĶԹԪ˵
޷Ԫಢ⡣
ľѾˣٶһҲνҪ֪ġ
С£㿴ҿտڽ/ˣûʲôǽܲ˵ġȰȰûֵżԴϣܹлع
ðȰȰȵ׻С˼һˣ𾪹ܿͻζлллһ
㾿߻ǹҪ绹ҪԷѪ
Ի·˵ĲһȰȰ˱ʶ׼û뵽ʵĵһȻʵ
ҪȰȰϸĸ첲һֲʱĸ߿ƼΪˣ֪ʲôɡ
֪ͷǱϼ˵һ㲻Ҫô㲻Ҫ
ܹЩͽײܱȵԶհʣԶѰתΪҪ͸Զһ
һͺʲôעȫȰȰȥ׷˰ȰȰȺö⣬Ѿ˸ղĿ־塣
ֱصңʵðȰȰȲͷˣŵתìͷ׷ʹԪ࣬ղ˵ٱ֣
ΪǸ·ϱƣдУǶˣֻǡԪĸ
ΪʲôҪٱӡŪס
ΪҸһļ鱨棿ԪҲƣ˵һ֪ĶӲУҲͲôӣ߾͵ûҲھٱ
ڹԪƵʱٻӵԼӺ˱ץϢ˶ˡ
һʱȥһϾ£ֻһŸöû뵽ȴ˱ŸȥһҲãȥλ˶
һ칫Ҵ绰һһʱ͸ˣٻʲô׵ġ
˵ǽһ֪ˣһһ֪˱顣
ٻˣȻһ˹Ҳе˼ģȻҲһ˶ʮñӣһײ֮ܲһݰЩռһĺϣһԵĸȥ
ʵһ̰ܻõ϶ʵģһһŮУˡ
Ԫ֪ʱѾǴůʱ


72 
Ͳ˻ʱ, ڴ˹ԪҪĳϢ
, ڵˣһسǡͲ˻һѰ͵ĹԪͼ˳ææ˵
ڻƲӲӵͲ˻ĹԪ౻˴ż䲻ãЩϵ·ϵͲ˻ʵ, ʲô£
ҪĳϢ, ÿ㣬˾Żȥɻ, ôһһǿκβˡЩ, ҹԪ඼ǽı˵гģ˻, һ콹ͷöġ
ҲͲ˻ʵ, ʲô
ֵؿһۼ, ô㲻֪, ô, Ȼ֪
ԪһһõܹһӣߵĶһôԪ򳵵᲻֪
֪ҡҡͷ
þĶ, ԪЦЦ, Ȼô, ߰ɣȥӳһȥ
İ, ˼ʦءԪ಻īˣһϲľ
ȥӳ֮ʱڹ𻨡
ڹ𻨿Ůǽһ飬Сɶ£ýϻ࣬ߣ㼦ԡ
裬찡ҽµģ㿴϶ûдڹ𻨲סЦã߲мȴδζ
ԼһҪʲô費ͼ㶫С÷úõľСڹôһ˵ŭһ£ȻְһСֹ
˵ӣС÷˴ôӻûжҪҪȥҽԺ飬Ҫ⣬翴á
ĸһ˵ߵͨ죬ϵİ̺ۿûôˣܲ˵϶ܣС÷ȵʱ䲢ô
ûе£裬Ϲ룬ҸС÷أȥһŬ
һʮ˱ڹʵߺ졣
ɵüӰѾŬҲϴСˣҪӵĺáڹżٹͱʮˣⲻҪӣԺϸ첲ܵùӡ
֪ˣȥҾ͸С÷㱧ߵͷ󺹡
Ͷˣ㲻𣬸Ͻȥæɡڹϲüҡ
ĸͷܿ
ˣȥӰѾԶڹ̲סٴδǵڳݵ˶̲ס̧ͷȥ 
ܵصһ򣬲ûˤʺ
ǵÿֵĹԪͼ̲סЦ
Цǰ˵ĸ˵ʲô³
ǵõһμʱŵɪɪΪһýӴˣû뵽ԼĸŵøСƵġ
˹ȣûƲۼ㶮ʲô˰첻µز£ŸĸģڻСԺȢϱ ˡ
ȢϱˡС
˵ɶæŸ·ûһ䡣
ûʲôߣ˼˾ʦô졣æϹԪĲߴٵ
˽ϣϵسǵʱ˾ʦˡ
ôءͣһտϵĻɵۣ׷˾Сʵ
СܱһʣҲЩίû취˼ʦ˵˵һ٣ĸס
Ͳ֪ӵǮԼǰʵͽСܣһͷϡ
СԿǶĵ۲ҽгǼӵʮǮ˼Ҷɣ˵ǮС£˹Ǵ¡
Ҳ֪һ˾ж㣬˼ҰѹñأǰĴ𳵳
ôһһû˾ôŪߣֿ̧̧ߡ
ѵʱһķ
աաա
˭ڿһ£ͷȥʻŵĹԪͼֱˡ
ŵòᣬڣǻһģɱ
Ԫû˵ʲôֱӶԸʻļ˵˰ɣҺþûпˣЩ
˫ֽץסλϵķ֣ϼ˷е㺦£⻹һû£㾡ܿȵġ
áԪĿбӵؿǰһţͻǰʻȥ
ѡ·һ··ϸûˣԪԷĴ󵨵Ŀ
տʼ߰ŤģںҵŤһȥ¿Ԫ෭һĻ
𽥹Ԫ࿪ʼռɺ󣬻ԦõӦ֡
ֻڵĻ죬ٶȺͺıԶˣ֪ԪͰѻٶȵһ
ŴӴڲƮ磬ԪҲֳһĨ˷֮⣬ǰҽԺҽȥӵʱ˵ĴҲš
˲ģ绹ûĹԪҲһѣʹһ·϶ǿӿݣ滹д󲻲Сʯ鶼赲ס顣
һβ·ػؿزſ񫣬ѻԭӻ
ῪӳЩδĹԪ࣬ǾЩ⡣
Ԫ΢΢ףУЩͽǡ
٣УȻῪ⳵û򡣡ԪͷԪȻһĴָڹԪ˵Ļ͵û
Ԫ³Ѿ˻ᣬڸʻһʵô
˿ɫ԰ף˫ȷԪֽ֣ţ򿪳Ŵ
һµأԪǰסЩȵ
Сɷףһ۹Ԫ࣬ƿԼų˸ϡﻩ
ֱθµҲ²һ˿ͣ
Ԫ˻ʲôףһ
˼ýЩԼŻŵ˵ͷ
Ԫ࿪ʼ֪һղž͸ðٶȷһ㣬벻ܳ
û£ҾǵһϰߣղҲ̼ͦģȻһҪɷСŹԪޱȡ
ղſʱûп·Ҳûпķ羰ֱŹԪ˷ܵĲˡ
˷ܵģǼδĹԪ࣬ƽʱĹԪȻҲܺãܸһֲʮ˵ˣʮ꾭ɣһ
Ԫ࿪ģҲģʹԪŲȵ󣬳ķ羰ӹҲûк¡
³ʱЩ
ãԪֵסǸģͷӦ
ҲҪæȻԼѾ˵ݡ
УǾһΣҲѧѧôԪ˶һԾԾԵģ˶ϳš
иôǣʻҺиϢ֣˵ǲ˵ģ·ûУȻûܡ
Ϣﻹֺһ£ﻹͦġ
Ȼһ룬Ԫ𲽵ʱͻ˻ΣµæץסǰΡ
ԪΪչ˼տʼһ·رƽ
ȻЩκģǿһس治Ͽ٣϶Ӷ¿ˣԵҲͣջԪ࣬㲻ùǣԼôô
Ԫ˼Ļţһ·۵糸Ҽת䣬úò񫡣
ڸʻңаȫȵסɾͿ˺ϢֵСܣŵñһţͣ㡭


73 
Ȧ, Сܿڴ, µûڵأۼΪǰѾ¹һΣῴŻá
û°ɡԪûйܺϢֵλʵ
Сɷ, 񻹾ȵ, ҡҡͷû, ؿЩƵġ
ҡࡣ
Ԫһѿڶ۽ǿŵĵ, ֻҧʣµĻ̽ǡ
ȵˮ, ѹһѹһ㡣ʱ, Ԫˮ, ó
ڴˮ, Ȼؿճ, ССĴãɫÿ١
Ԫϸ־Ѽ촽ĺøɾŰˮݸ
ԪһĻжԸ, 벻Ԫ˻ͦ, ȻѺڲøɾ, ϴʱϸĶԴ
СʰɾԪʽ˵Ȼ, Ǿ͵þѳѧᣬѼտˡ
ɶԸղ͸ˣ־һ¡
Ȼ䡣Ԫֺǳˡ
ֵؿ۹Ԫ࣬𳵲ˣ˹˾֤ٶҲ±˲飬һûҪ͡
Ԫ죬һ˶ٶ
㣬ˣһһǧﶫⶼˡ
˷ѣ·ϻʳдũ˷Ѻͻվسǵ˷ЩûԪ
¶һڴЦЩ󣬡ǰûзϹϱ֪Ҫÿһ˶Ҫʵ͸ҼСϣҶղ˵ЩǰǰûٿǮʹһǧȥٿǮҲһǧ¡
һС÷˶ǾӵģܹȢһλòͻݵĽޣϰ˱ĸ֡
СһԿĽˣϴá
˵۾ؿԪ֪࣬࣬Ҳٿ飬ܲҲҸϱ
ԪѣԺ˵
ԪԱӣסЦ˶
һǧͰ۽סˡԪǻԽ˵Խƫòѻ
ࣿʡ
ԪָĴ˵ĳ1.8֣ղһǧ׬һǧ㣬ҲǧٿǮȥӰ˵ٿǮһ˾Ҳǧ
Ԫǰ˵ʲôͶûֻԪ˵һľǧǮ
ôһͦöġ̲ס˴֡
ֹԪͷֵȥʱܲܿճһȥɡ
һһأǧ󣡡۾ֱӳѪˣǵĳǮͻرˣԹԣɱػǮˡ
񣬹ԪŽˮģǸСп϶ǳԲôģҲûôسĴϰ̸⡣
ɶЩˣǻñһƤʱˡ
ԲҪ̸ҪȥسĴϰ̸Ҫũ̸ǵļ۸ʼάǧ󡣡Ĵؾʮĳţһжڰҵµ״̬ʱֻҪܹץסᣬǮָտɴ
ŵĥһ£ҲǲУѾСûȥũˣǱߵĸ˼òУѾҽ˺üμۣѹĻѹһѹ
ھǵũܴܲյóôϾһξҪεĻЩϰҲǳصģҲǴϻͷһأ϶㲻
ǺɵԪСУȥЩ̳ĴϰЩ׽⡣
ũǱ㲻óֻҪųȥŸũ˶̸֦⣬ȥһҽïһ𡣡
Ԫܿ͸˽𷽰
ï𣿡һïϴھǵʱԼƵøɵƵĵĳ
ʱû̸ȥïԼϰɡ
ܳɡԪƶֻҪ㲻Ⱦƾͳɡ
ѡïΪï㣬ǵڻϵʱ򣬽ï˵ķӽȥ̸ºüٿǮ
ԾЩ˲¹ͷˣïҧһϳСسǵĴϰ㲻
ټһʹɫڻƵ˫رա
룬̸ɣƾïļҲԿаɣǾ£ѧô죬ʦҡ
һ㣬ԺÿسǽǡʵҲʦԪ׼󣬡ǵ취ʻ
ļݳ·ͨ϶еĲһԪɲСϹһ
СһӦ¡
ҲҪѧȹԪŲ廰
㡭̫СԪЩȷʱδ굽ܹܲѧ
Ѿʮˣ϶Ҳʮѧİɡ
Ԫ࣬
Ԫ౻˵ƿԣֻôӦ£һҲǽ̣һȺҲǽ̣û
õԪϽ̵Ļش𣬼㡣
ɫˣҵûȥˡϦ䣬ԪŵʱûдֵͲûˣ׼ȥ
ȵȡȴѹԪסӻͳһǮϴǮʮװʮʮûаװʮһʮ
ԪаʮЩ棬Ūʲôװô顣
һЦʲôװ֮ȥƷվӲֽŪװеʱһϾţڲðװУæǻ˰װֻҪＦ⣬˵ǰװûͦôһµģõǮסƬ͵һ¾ͱˡ
ϾţԪ̲סü
ԣӦģͦᣬ˵ǸʦԪȤ̲ס˵䡣
ӴҲ֪ɶʱǸͷǰĻүǼ˶õͷάţھΪʲô-ɣ-ɣɣֻܷȥãûЩϴ֡
̧ͷ˿бµϦ̲ס̾Ϣһ
Ԫ΢΢Щ죬û뵽Ҳб˵ʱ̣ǲҪùԼ߸˿ģһעͻͶץ
̸£ˣҾ׼ϴ˵ˣ⣬˭󡣡˼ң뷨ǰȫһˡ
áԪص˵ͷ
Сȴɵۣ磬㲻ˣզ졣
զҲںиˣͲϴˣʱϴǮˣһСܣֻɰתˣԺҲܳȥҫҲˡ᲻ðʹõӦֵСܻˣǻдôء
ȻĴ˾ֻԪ໹нï˾ʲô˼
Сܼϴ󲻻ŷˣϴɶǾɶ
ȥ·ϼʣµʮǮ춼ЦˣȴʮǮҿѣһԪ࣬ӽï׬һʴǮ
СԡԪʮǮ̲סЦ
ͦáһǮЦۣеǮԪඵԺҵǮܣǴԡ


74 ʦ
˹ԪĻ, ȥ֮Ϳʼڿؼ顣
˵ĸ߼۹»˳, Щ˾ʦҲͦ򵥣ûʦҲһѧûῪȥ׬һʡ
ȻֱɵˣΪԪ˵Ҫ⼸ȫܹòС
ü鰡, ֶʶȫĴϴֱ, Ҳ߯Ϊˡ
û飬õ֮Ϳ, ƽʱʲôĵطʹԪࡣ
ʻֻռٷ֮ʮıʣµĶ, ȫ԰ⲿ޳ֻѧʣµİٷ֮ʮ, óһۡ
Ǹáź鱾, Ļ, ۾÷⡣
ÿ챧鱾˯ж, ѧһ˵, Ǹ
Ԫ಻аļһʻֻռСһƬϾʱĺ̵ƽͨ򻹲, Ҫס֪ʶ໹ʻйء
Ҳܱ, Ԫʵʱ, ܿͰ鱾ϵЩ֪ʶڻͨˡ
һµʱ䣬Ǽ˶ؿԪ෢۴ܹͣƬˡ
ͼĴ·, ԪʱéϢ
δۼӣղźĻһƻˡ
ڼʻϣͣشŷô򣬷ǲ졣
ɲǼͰͷҲۼŴŵĺ飬Ȼһֽŵɫ
ôˡڿ飬ɫʵ
ˡææǱҸ˰ɡ
ԡ
ԼϳԣȻȼ
ô֧ԴΡ
Ӧǳˡһ䡣
ȦˣԭֱתȦѣңҪҷҪȥ϶ỵһǮˣ̫ˡ
ǲŲæشӳǰ򿪳ǣҵʼ
ˣ϶ˣԹҡڼ飬иˡ
ͷ󺹣ЦŰ𼱣ȿʲô⣬ʵڲҸ޳ĹҲС
ûбοǷϣ򳵵ʱ˵ˣ⳵ĶޣΨ޵ģпֱӱϡ
ûôءԼԼŵЦֲ֧
ôܡ
ٱ䣬ȴûٴӳҵһššѹͱõ͹˿ѹͱãвðЦü䡣
զЦأ޳ҲҪǮһ㶼ģʵ
Ǯš˿һ߰ѹͱãһЦղǲǸͣ
ǰ㶵ػش
ѹ˼ͱãЦ˵û£ǿ͵ʱ͹ܽˣֻҪѿųͺá
˵κʣզ֪ġ
н̡ڴһ䣬Լͱãȥϼ򷢶
աա
򣬻ֺ¡¡
ӣˣϤط࿪ˡ
ûˣȥԡЦÿģԼҲЦ
úúãԡæϳȻһ
ģѧѧ޳ųȦûʲô֮󣬿ĵػصԣ
ò˼ֻǻһС⣬ϴ⣬Ҫȥ޳ġ
Ҳˣղһ֣ҪǽиʦٶҪպüǮ
ôֵǮ˵꣬𾪲ѣ͸ղһ£ʮӶûУüǮ
ǿɲǣ˳أһ֣°뱲ӣԺȲЩ۵˵
ͷЩ˼
Ԫۣѳ޺ˣûʲôˣοЦЦ˯˻ᡣ
ȵ˯֮Ѿ˺ҹ˴ŵͲؼңͻȻڶԹԪʵ˵ȥ޳ô
ۡ
Ԫ㱻ĻǺ˳öûߣ㻹ȥ޳˵Ҫȥ޳ø˼ҵѧͽѧͽʿɲߣûöࡣ
Ԫ¼ᣬ޳ͦǮҲۣſڳ棬Ͼûһɾĵط治ʺϼ
һҲǱ˵ĸһ£˴򹤣иԼ̹
ͨļҲˣѾܵСϣûпǰиӰһײȥ
˭ײңĪײڵأŭǳһ䣬ȻͳһС
Բ𡣡ײˣѸٵǸһϤ𣿡
֪ࣿһֿһȼһӰ־֪Ҳڣ
ҹĲؼңɶʺһ䡣
ҡһʱ֪Ӻ˵һ£Ԫ߽æתƻ⣬ʵִ֪ҹĳɶء
ѧ²֪͵͵ѧûʲôƭ˵ģʵ档
ѧ𱻼ĻòᣬسǳӰ£˼Ҷʼѧˡ
ȻúÿĶҵ˫յġ
ѵԪŵͲǰлһѴпڵСѵ
Ŷ˼õġԪһѣŲ˼ذС
ôˣһŮⲻȫҺϵˣѵڣҲסİȫ
Ԫ뻹˵䣬ڵΰƣŮһϵеΥ¼żʣ㱨Ҳ಻֮
Ůӣ˿ҲֻưͳԻп˵
𱻹Ԫ˵ɫһףȻϵ·ϲȫһ·϶СƶҴ򣬾±ײ
£˵ҶѣܰһѵĿ϶Ԫ˵ˣΪղ̫أһ˵㡣
һʹͷҲ˵һԪһҰ࣬ƾһʬ֮飬岻ݴǵ¡
ʵûʲô¡Щ˼ѧУ˵֮ǰĹʦȥķƷվŲ£Űҹ͵͵ȥһۡ
ǸϾʦһʱư˵æǸԲҲ˼
ûиƽϵ˼ֻЩ棬Ҳ֪
Ԫֻ࣬˵Ʒվһʦû뵽ʦ
ۿ΢죬ʦɺˣҪΪѧУЩŻ¾ٱʦôܻᱻȥ
ʲôЩ棬֮ǰʹǸʦʲôװû飬ݰҲûü
˵ʦΪ˾ٱģһӱ˶塣
ղŻͨ۾һɵۣôҲû뵽ĹעȻ
šǡ˿ԪͼЩ֧֧ᣬһŲĻ
ɶвĻ
𣬡


75 ̻
˫峺۾, ܸܲ, Żϵ˺Ԫɡ
ǶΪ顣
˵ˣҴӼ͵͵ģٲȥɾˡûֱ, ʱ, ֻϹ¡
Ԫ̧Լֱ˿ʮһ, һŮ·Ҳȫû, ͷ͵ɡ
лллл, ллԪĻжл
˹Ԫͼļ, һֵܹͲ, İȫб, ʱСսľġ
һ·˵ŸлĻ
ӵسǻôԶľ, ҲҺԼһѾһ룬˽ϣһӵʱﵽ
߽سǵʱ¾, ĬذֵͲ
Ʒվ˿̺ڲ¡, ¹ڴܹʿһӰ, һ
˵ĽŲƷվԱ÷ƷС
ʦ߽ССĺ
ȷؾûС߽ʱͣСĺ˼
û˻Ӧ, ҡҡͷ׼һطȥ
ͬѧ𣿡׼뿪ʱССﴫһ
ǵģʦ㻹𣿡ϲӦһ첽߽
ȿȿȡĽŲؾֹͬѧҺܺãô㻹治ãЩȥɡ
ؾľܾҲǰһѷƷС˵ʦģҹġ
˵껰ʹһϤϤƬ̣иݵÿĿ⡣
ʦ𿴼ؾЩϲȦͺˣʦѧУʱ̫࣬ϵǹ緢Ҳûˡ
šؾһ֮ңֻ˵ͷתԶģӰ
˵Ӱ̲סü
ʦģλǴӵ֪࣬ŵùġؾŹԪͼ˲˵Ͻ͡
ؾһ˵ɲ١
ˣʦҲ֪㶼ҪЩʲô͸һЩʳʦЩнģ֪˵ЩʲôͰ·ʳﶼȡ˳
ллͬѧǵʦʦͬѧĶؾ˵ŸлĻȴûж
𿴼ѾȥڻƬϰȻʳ￴ñء
ǸѧĶȥʳ붼ǴӼ͵͵ģҪ֪һٴٲ˵ġ
ҪŮļͥص鶼пܷΪһʦ˽İѧصĴ
ʦģЩʳҷżڶģǴӼõģ͵ġ֪ؾʲôƵģش
ؾҲûյ˼Ȼʦ͸Ķˣջȥɣʦͦõģõġ
ؾԽ˵÷Ƶľ;˶ݵֻʣһѹͷˣ˵Լúá
ԪͼԶԶʲô΢߽ΪʳĹۡ
λʦ°ɣҪǲգĲССش˸ǷԺؾ˵
ҲһȰǰʦ°ɣϾǸҴĹ
ؾĻģʲô
ǵ̰ĻѽʵҲе㲻ԾѵʦΪ𣿡
ؾŻȻ򣬡˵ǻʦͿѻ֮ôǻǼˣ
ʮֲ죬ѵʦΪŻ˾ٱ𣿡
ؾ΢üͷȻɿˣʦΪ˾ٱģԭǣʦձѧĳЩ˵ۣ-ɡ
ؾ˵һЩͬѧʦ⣬ͬѧֹϵûС
ԭʦˡ˵Լ
ĺĳױƤһ䣬ʲôɷҿһۡ
ؾȤ﷭Żݸ
ֻձձܻͦӭģ֮ǰڹҸһѧϰһʱ䣬ع˽Ҳûб֣ͿѻһЩ
ؾѻʱ򣬻ƽĽһ䡣
ֵͲ΢Ĺ⣬Ԫͼ˶ֽϵĻ棬һЩ֮Ļ˻ڿǵĻ档
Ԫ൹ãϲδʲô飬ıɾͺˡ
ʦ֮ǰ˻߰װҲ𣿡
Լĺĺɬذѻԭⲻػؾֵĵһ䡣
ؾЩ⣬ô֪µģ
Ǹø߸׳׳˵̵ѡ
һͣؾˣЦ˵ȻǣַĻڹܻӭڹھһɣһûôɵ˸˻İװһЩȽϻĻ䣬СͬʱŮ
˵źؾһ˵İװ
ŻĵĻ̾ѣ⻭ÿÿ滨һûؼˣΪʲôװܹǮˡ
ؾ˼ĻЦЩִ٣ˣ⻭ڹ㲻ʲôֻܾһѧߵˮƽ
Ԫ࿴˿Щ˵ȷֲܴڣʤֻڹ֮٣ڴ˶Իļ仹ͣˮīէȻһʽкеġ
⻹ǳѧߣ֪ЩʦľжáŻЩ
ڹԪԺ۽ԽԽϱӼʶĶҪࡣ
ؾЦЦԺʶġ
˻ʱ룬ԪŲòѣʱ䲻ˣǵûȥˡ
뵽͵ǷڼҰҹ͵͵ˣ붼ҪģæߴŻؼҡ
ʳߵʱ򣬺ؾ
ЦĸŹԪͼԶˡ
س߻ӵ·ϣԪͻȻ뵽һ̻СظһЩƯĻɫƬ߰װߵļ÷ľӾͿѶһһ˵᲻׬
˲Ǹ⣬Ҫߣһϲû֡
취
û˵ĻģʵǹԪͼûˣһŪǰ̲סһ죬ɲҵʦƬ
ԡԪһӦ£ڿؾĻʱеС
ллԪлͶұʵַҲóڴ￪СҴӿ֤УֻҪ㹤ʿ㣬вˡ
Ԫ඼һ¡
ȻȻĴΪʲôܹǼӹǱ𱻱ֽЩΣĻŵҪܰ죬ϰûл·ˣߣжԲҲʵؿһЩߣʱȥ˵һ׼ͨ
ֻȻ֪仰Լϵϵ׸һ⣬Լϵ߲Ӷˡ


76 ·
ȥ֮, Ԫ໹ˮһ¿С顣
ˮŴֲڵСøջƵ, ô֪µġ
˵áԪһԥˡ
⺢̫仰ܱ˺ȥؼұҳһ, Ҳö೤, Ժ˾͸ƵİԼɾ
ˮ֣۾ð, ȥТŮŮôҲԼ, ǿѹŭ
죬ԹԪЩΪѵ, С, ô, ЩҲ, Ҳ֪ȷ涨, ǲͶѣ廧Щµġ
Ԫʾס
ⷲ¶ģҪ˵, û, ϰǾû·, Դ˶˽͵͵СҲ⡣ԭǴߵܣһǲ֪, ˭иܼŮء
Ǵ͵͵ֱֳڶӣĶӣ߶ӣΪʲôӲ֪ԭ򣬴ֻǻ˺öˣ涼û𣬴һ͵͵취
ˮ˵ĲɣԪ棬˿ʯͷ˵ЩƧǳ˲һǳ˻Ʒܱһڣֻǻ˵ƤǵϵֻҪеζģ˸ˡ
ǴҲЩˣǲǺٿаʮϵˣˣΪõ¶пڳԵģԸԼ
ˮ˵ǲɣ۾ҵҲôȥģԴԺһһ¾Ҫ·ֳǺ·Ȼָ棬ֻеķݡ
ÿÿ˺ӡ˭Ҫ˵ȥ˭ĵˡˮ˵꣬Щࡣ
ԪͷҲһӡ
ˮϵıźÿЩֳӦɵָ⣬ʣ¶͵͵ˣ·ЩʳѱĲʱ֮裬Ӻ˶
ˮһ˵ǸԪཻϵס
ҪСҲǲУ·һҪʮֱܣȻҲԲȫӵˡ
ˮ˵˼ԶԪཻ˵ףԪҲӦðϵ¶ơ
Ԫ˵Լ˾ִոˮ˿ӳ㿴вС
⡭ģˮ˱Ԫһָòᡣ
鲻Ǽպˮ˶ԹԪĺָһΡ
Ҫ㵽һӪҵִжѣ̫صسҲû¡
Ԫ࣬ھǰõģЩڣӳȥЭǰСұ֤ÿµĹһš
С˽ӪҵִգˮֶԹԪ˵ǶҲǸ̫ĿŵҲõµ֡
ǹԪСϵ˿ǮһѷȥǮ˭ֵذ
ֵأȻȻ͵ȥûֵ˴ﲻĲһԲ˶ߡ
ԪһЦ⣬ҲˣǿһСȫöԱǰߴȥȥÿʱ
һľװɸʽĶľȫľմСߴȻʣµװͳɡ
ľǵɡ
Ȼ㶼Ǵ崴ˣҲǲʶôˣ͸һ˴̸̸ˮΪӶӳҲһ¼ɱǸģŪЩӳʳûһô
ˮԶȥıӰԪ֪Ϊʲô78ָˣʵǲָС
һ߶֪ȫòȻˮֻ˵˸߲ӵ£Ԫ飬ڸ߲УڱĴӣȫطУ
ڴһֻһͷ߰ķͣͷһԽԽ󱻶塣
ˮټʱҲûš
һһӣҵï˵
ȥ̸ïЩ£ֲ
԰룬Ҫ齻ȥ죬ǲֵǳã㲻һֱ֤ԼⲻлˣûҲԶţҲû˿ҪǸԼһĻᡣ
ïһԴһȾʹӦ
ѦһĬĬǵ̸ʵɲҲһ
ӽïò֪Ԫһ˲ˣ󲮶ԹԪ̾ѡ
ѦԼʧһȵЩڵڻ϶ԹԪƫ
ûйϵڿʼͽҲ̸飬û׼һ
ƲۏCߴѦ壬ҡҡͷǲɰɣҪ֪ȥ̸⣬кЩǹӪҵϰһЩǺбĻˣû˾ŵУ
ǿŮˣʵѦûмˣȥ˺пܾȸ顣
ҿԵģѦվֱͦͦţиһԵġ
ïûм˵˳Ѧ壬һʱҲסʹɣҰȥ̸ʱ߶һ飬ôҲϰ弶ˣûиų̫á
ȥ̸⣬ȴĪݱˡ
̸֮·ǰ򵥣һ米ĸ˶
Ѧ뵽һУڵһ覴ƷԱһŰѹĸ˸˳
Ȼĸ˲õӳ񣬵ôǼˣҲ˶Ѧǵ㲻⡣
ºú˵ЩаŲȥٱǡĸڷϣ˿ûʲôɫ
ǣΣǧǵĴȾơ˵ˣûڹֺ
ߡһϵĺþƺòˣ̬Ȼһ㡣
ϾϵȷαӲƷ֤ݣҲðƤ˺̫ơ
˵ɣʲô¡һ¶ǣҲǿ£̬Ȳ̲˭Ҳ֪ĵʵ뷨
ɫĸѵһƣïٵһԸ˵ǵ⣬Ѧһ䡣
ûɣ˽ˣץסע㣬ۣЦЦ˵
Ȼ֧ߣȻ֧Ǹߣԡ
ԪΪԼ󲮵·Ӳܿ˾ⲻ֪ѡ󲮵һ̣ѾѡӪ
ŶһֻһСسǵĹΣֶͲѽ߻ü
ΣҸղŵĽΡïȴ׷ʵ
ܺáѵͷش
ôǵĺ
ɶӺรҹ绹е£Ͳ˹ѷ¿Ӿޡ
ΣͲ˼ͽïסѡ
ƤȳǽҪ񣬡Ĺ¡
̸˲ߡ
ɣɣ飬Ҹ𰡡
һߣһڽֲµʱѦƲʣΣ˵Ҫôſ̸
룬ָϸտĶͷ˵ƿˣҾ
Ѧ˵ƿͷ͹ࡣ
һ£ȻȫȥѦеĶͷƿӡ


77 ĸ
ȻҵĶܿ, СƿͷǱѦ븹С
ïŭؿѦ壬㲻Ҫˣ
ѦССشһãоѬ죬ûὯïٴδƿͷ, һꡣ
һƿͷѦ壬˫糺ؿ, ճյЦһ, ΣҪ˵
ݣôȺӣʵǱѦŵ, һƿͷһ, ղŵһҲоͱһ˺ˣ
˻ܻ
áѦѾþûзӦ, һãüһ壬Σǲǲ, һܺȣ
ҡſڻ¼໰, ʵǱѦ, Ҫ֪Ⱦܺȳġ
ϽҽԺưɣɱʲô¡ôһСﻹĲ, ضͽï˵
ïҲǱѦĳ䲻һѵĻﻹ˵ѦҪȥҽԺ
Ѧ˵֣һܣ۾ֱֱؿѣΣ㿴ͬ¡
ʲôʱˣĺͬ¡۾һСﳹû˷ӡ
УҴӦСѶԽïǿǲĶʵǲͽһ̯ȥ
ڱƵﻢҲûа취ȴӦ˵߻ʵԶ㾩ʲôƧҲ÷ƽ˾ˡ
áǩͬѦԼĻȡдõĺͬѣһֱǩְϺӡŴӦȥҽԺ
ҽԺſڣѦͽָ
ȥҽԺˣû¡ѦգһƽضԽï˵
ֱҡͷôУһŮӺôƻµġ
û¡ѦѾָҼǰǿƳģҴ̥ǺȾƳģҲúܻȾƣܺȶ٣Сʱһ׼ָ
𣿡ïѦоݣҲˣһζ濴Ǹ˾Ƶˡ
ģǻȥڶ˭Ѧ˵Լ·ߵĻֱߣһ㶼ᡣ
ͽïֻһµĸϡ
֪Ⱦƾܽ£ǻôʲôֻܺȾǡ˻ȥ֮Ѿǵһ죬ѦЩЧ̫͡
̣Ҳ֪ܺѽһݺͬѦ㶨֮󣬽ïѦ̬һһٰʮĴת䡣
Сļͥ£ï̫һܺȾƵж
ܶʱѵֻҪһϾƣͱټ򵥲
һڣʲô¸㲻
ȻѦڣ˾Ҳ鷳һҼҵȥ̸ֱӰʡĺϰ嶼ۼһһȣ
һӵ˶Ѧſ£˳ݣֲ󣬺ٱ䲻ȵķڷ
ˣǽԸķ䣬ǴһﶼڣҪˣöඪЦ䲻
һڹԪп쳣޵֮ڸˡ
̸£ˣʽҲ㣬һһȥ౱ũĵͼ·ˡ
౱ũܱߵסǵȵˣȥǲŹϼµĺӣͻȻһӾͱԭ˭ܵ˰
ĵǸǽȼü֮ĻﱻؼңԲʳȥûʧøԣ
ÿ˶⣬Ҳ⡣
Ψһľũܱߵסûǹӣǻǰһͱֿ
һתۣ£ϷûиоȣóͿʼ
ʹùԪЩ䷳ΪóΧתͣ¶Ƥͻᱻһ
Ϊ˼дŻؾм˸Ԫ˺öϺƵĻ¶ˮ
ϳǵ¼ֹûЩԭ˶ԸԼӣԸǮЩڵĶϡ
ϰ裬ҲûнЩ
ڵȴʱһùԪͷ۵鷢ˡ
ΪʣҹӴӷķ϶Ѫµ廹
һòУһҹȫǺɾҪ
ӵ˯Ҳ㲻Ԫ˶ҲԲã˯Ҳ˯á
۲ѣÿ춼ȥһѰݻѬһѬֹסǰͺ̵Ӭǡ
ҹŹԪ˫ڵ۵ףʵ̲ˣѼ͵ƶϣԹԪ˵˯ɣ㡣
ԪʵòУͷ˯ˡ
ԪһҹӣڶһĻ߼һʻ
Ǵɫġ
ûа취ºö٣ⴲʶǱ˼ҽùѹ׵ģҪǼĿʵĶȻǾԲġ
Ȼʵɫ˵㣬ԴʿʼԪ෢ܹ˯þˡ
һҲ
ֱĳԪȶ˯ϲһţ˶ˡ
һŵĵ㣬ǰݺûзŹӸã֤ŲζҲֹӬ
ֲЩ˯ʱϲĥһᣬϻϲϲԭΪЩô
ȥĹԪ࣬Ŵ˯С˶̲סСĸΡ
˯мһϤڽϰԵӦһ
˯˻𻰰Ԫ౻ķӦЦ
ò˵ûпյᣬһģ˯ܱһԶˡ
ȡһȺĶ˶㣬һץԪͷоë׵ģࡣ
ˣ˹ԪЦЦѼͷԼǰ׼ܡ
úõ˯žͻȻо˰ȥʮֵĲͷԹһ۷졣
Ԫſ⧲ӳͫ˯ʵļΪɫ૵Ԫࡣ
šԪĽлԾصͷĶ
ȻԼչ۾ûһֱƵġ
һᣬԪ෢ּˣһС˶೤˯˹ȥ
Ԫ಻֪ÿ޻ǸЦ׵һ˯ȥġ
СĸΡԪѼͷԼ۰ϣûɤ
š
û뵽˯˻شĻ
Ԫ˼СĸΣϲ𣿡
첲ϵ˶ûлشֻССĺ
Ԫ̾˿۾׼˯ˡ
һССϲ
Ѿ۾ĹԪȻۣ˯еļͻȻЦôòŻشΪشַӦ𣿡
СĸΣ㰮𣿡ԪЦ֮ʡ
ʺܾˣǼʵ̫Сڻװʲôһֱûʳڡ
ûԥĻش
ԣҵСĸΡԪսѼӵԼУԵʮá
УȻ˿һ¶ԪĻ˴գͷڹԪϡ
ԪһͷһֱСĶͷף
ɫɴ޼ˣȥͺһԸղ붴ˡ


78 
ڶһ缾Ҫȥʰ, ȴԪ౧ģôѲ
֣˯Ԫ۾༾ͷ˵
˯ѵС˶ջ˵ļڹԪ໳ЩңһԪ໰Ǻһ, ϲ
ԪһѼѹ£赭д, š
ôסеֺֺЦ, һﻵô졣
Ԫס׼ܣҶ̵ôˣʲôܱġ
һȥ˵¸Ԫ˵²һ¡
ԪЦﴽ, żĺ, ԣҶ᲻, ˯ᡣ
ŶԪ̬һмܲסԹ˳¡
Ѿ˯Ҳû˯⣬ɴ̧ͷһŹԪĽë
ԪĽëܳŨ, ۾һСˢƵ, һˢһˢˢϼķ
ȵԪ˯ʱ, Ѿ˹Ԫİ߽ë
ԪһͿɴӳµļؿԼ
ѪյСܵˣһͰѼ׵ѹ¡
⧲¼Ҳ, ֻڹԪ±Щë
ʲôʵ
˵أԪ෴ʡ
ʱѾܵԪµĲԾһӲԼСȡ
ղ˯ȥ̫ˣȥϸͺˡ
˫峺۾ţⲻϵĻԪûɵЦ
Цʲô˵ģ̫ﻵġԪ෢Цظ˵
ԪЦþ͸ˣżЦҸϵһ㶼ûȥ
һ㶣ȻѸ糺죬ղëʱһֱ룬ԪŻ᲻᲻ãʮҪѹԪࡣ
˭֪ԪıԼ˵ıﲻһ˼
Ԫ࿴µĿ˶Ѹٱգ׽Ūץס֣ҵø㸴ϰһ֪ʶˣȻСԹǼǲס
˶ߵ굽Ԫ£˵ôϰ
ءץż°̽ȥ׻˵úãûʵɲУôĵöิϰβС
ͷԪ͸¶СѾõѪ档
ڼһ
ûȹԪʵʹʵԱɨ˵
˲ӹԪðˣ϶մżϸܵĺ飬һԹԪȥȡ
ţ໹ͨͨͣʵԱҲǿѹͷļ¶ǰдǩա
ͬ־ĲǲˡʵԱżԲѵ
ʵԱ˵һ㶣Լ̵εȣǰɣ̫ˣ
ʵԱѰЩֵ̧ͷ˿죬⻹һģ̫ûгôеء
ĿʵԱԶȥ󣬼һݷ°굽ʹˮϴ
ϴʱǵûиоԽϴԽȣˮоù
ûзӣ·һͰˮȥϴ˸裬ǹȲŽˡ
ʱ򣬹ԪѾϴãһ緹
֪ΪʲôԪһʲô¶ûзģһŭ
Ϊʲôһ
κβ˹Ԫֻ࣬ŭŹԪ࣬ſޡ
࣬ϳԹʣĲ̷С̲˳ԣθúܡ
ʳͦãǲǳˡԪ඼û˼ʵ
𣿡ԼûʶģԪһ˵Ծܵűƽʱߵĵط
ͷһȻ֣
ڵ߱ǰõ߸һأԵÿĲѡ
Ҫ֪ҲΪˣΧ˵Ҳ˵жߣһȾ̸
һֱ߾һĥ˵ʹ
ҪٲĻȥ龫ˣ˵ⶫӪãû׼ܹߡ
Ǻ£֤㿪ʼˣƽʱܳԾͶһ㡣
ģԪҲ̲סſ
Ҷһ㣬ܲܳߣҪܹԪǾˡ
ԪεһЦܡ
ɲӹ
ЩҿǱС꣬Ժ˭˭治һ
Ԫ߱˱ȷԼɱȼ߳һͷ֮˲١
ռ볤Լ͵ͬڳ˵ΣԷԼһӹˡ
Ԫ಻ãһѾԼ߳һͷľ룬ٲѡ
˳ԵĶһΪʲôԪ͸һ͸ûϵһ˰ġ
Ԫʰ꣬˿ʱ䣬ļԴϹʱ䵽ˣߣϹȥһʱҲ߰
ڸ߲ӻϹʱҲԵûôˣү䣬Ǹҳһʱ͹ȥˡ
һЩõС֪׼Ҫֹˣϲò
ˮ˸ǾòӦò֮
ΪڹԪĲǺܸߣô˶ֻÿʱ䣬Ҳһµ֡
һʸϡ
ľͷǻɽǴĵû֤ԴһǾţһЩСǮԺл
ˮ˾Щʵܸʵ＾
˫˫
ԴӳԺ˫˫ͱȥݼСס˰֪꣬ʵȥȥˣ֪ʵĶΪ˫˫Ĵĳȥɢɢġ
º˫˫˱ǰԵøӳĬˣ
ǰϹһһ䣬˾ͱһŤţֻ֪ͷ¡
Ԫ⺢벻ȥһ
˫˫ֵĸһȰ뿪㣬˓һǲ˵עˡ
˺ԪͲڹ¡
һ칤˲ϵİ
һصҾȲĲ𿪣治ԪĻ¶ˮиĸ·
ͷȥ̳·Ǽ·ʵݣˣҲܼҪһһ߶ŸĸŮ˼
յĸ·ǿģȲش·Ҫԡ
Ȼ
һúõİ׳һȴ֪ʲô˼ڡ
ŵڵϵһ·ɵۡ
ԪҲ̲סüղģܴ˽Ƿ·㸸ĸҲܹһõ·
Ʋֵصͷ֪дŻȥʰɡ
ȻⲻǳϣǾǳʾϣʹ֪Ҳʾô죬ʱû⳥·Ҳزˡ
û˺ļѻ¶ˮԪûгԾ˯ȥˡ
ԪԹ˿ڴѾ˯ˣٿǱڽ·ü
ǵü˵ÿǼ˹գ˶һ£·Ǽʮպ
ֲһ
ԪǼ˻ٻĳ·Լҽ﷭һƤ÷˿ڵķ·ܸܲԭ


79 
, Ԫ౿׾سţֺص˴ǰտʼѧʱ
һ·ʮſ첹꣬ҺǸֻǰ·ϵ¼أǼ, Ȼûа취ٸԭ
ԪðɫƳõڷϷ˵ģ
ΪߵʱǱֱµģŤ, ԶȫзϹĺۼ
о, Ԫ෢ǵ۾ÿʰѵõĳ·ڼĴͷ
ԼϴڴϾϡͿ˯˹ȥ
*
ԶھǵԴӱų֮, һֱѡ
Ҫæ, ɾˣǸðԪˣҲĹԪࡣ
Ҫ˾, Ҳղˣڻء
ǴӸ֮˸طǰĹԶһ顣
ȻղɹԪ, һõա
ͨǰĹ, ܿһĿꡣ
/ǰֶ
ȻѾ, ᴩȫ飬·ϷģҲõһ, ҲĿǰʺ˵һ
Ǿƾڵûа취ӴξֻܰĿ۰ֶʱϡ
ʱҴӼҾͱųϲɱҲһ᲻ӡ
һ㣬ɫ
ԵþԼò˵ǣҲɳƵϹɫɡ
ȻЩΪʲôһͷƵģ˵ʲôʲô
Ĺ⻷ӳ֣ͨ
Ȼͨοżγɹʱҵע⡣
ʱҵ֪Ͷݵģ˾ǣְˣһͶ·¿꣬һӾ˼
ôƯһˣʱôܻŹ
ǷǳĸһӣʾһɵĻš
Ҳװɵֻʱҿһˣûб˼
׷Ҹϣè׷ƵĶ˰꣬ʾֹһʾּİķ򸾡
һ̤ʾ־ԵЩн޴룬֪ô֡
ξ൱ʾֵһҵԱԷ򸾣ȻȻľӭȥǽѡ
֪ӼİģξʹȥӣǼİ̡
ڷʵ̫ˣд˺üŵӶдˣֻǴ͡
֪Ǹַ߲ʱεԴһһհˡ
һ£ǵһũһԵڻ־ͽм
źд굥ӣĿ뿪ۡ
ԽԽ鲻ԾһеڻôܻҸıˡ
ǰ̫ˣΪԼڣչԣ´㣬Լ̫򵥣ҲԶԶûԼô򵥡
ڷˡεķ󣬾þò˵ογˡ
μڿ˵ˣϲѣڸô졣
ԲӦ䣬䡣Ȼγӵοѣе׻Ƕδ˽١
Ͼǰüε߶ûôģһδΰңµΪֹܹõ٣㱻ϵͳ˵˷֡
Ŷβ˵صͷŤͷͿǶԷʱµİһ˷
Ǽƿ¶ˮҶվʾϰ̫֣࣬Ǽľüˡ
ʲôһ뻹Σһ;žž졣
Ҿ뿴ڻǲ쳣˶ᰴԭеĹ켣ǾѾȫˣԭĽûˣԪҲ֪ȥˣ϶ǲ֪鷢ˣͲҳ𣿡
ǳȵؿΣŮ˱ץȥһӣԴĿ˲ɡ
οˣοʼСǰڣʤּʹ治תЩ󣬾ͿʼתԼ˼ˡ
˼·ܲԳʲô黹ǲҪʲô
Цڻ⣬·Ե޹ʱ˼˵᲻ҵ鷳
룬ܣһ΢еѪ¶ŭѣټڻϻĻ͸Ӳ
ѰĳȥֻҪϹˡֿٰѰԭ󶪽˲ֿ⡣
*
˯һͶòˣȻ·˼˺ߣΪһ·ԼðҲͦ㡣
ڼµʱͿһ׳İڷԼͷߡ
ֵһõǼ·
صĵطѾϺˣȻŸ·ķȫһҲܺÿעⶼ·
˵˭ҵ·ϲ첹ģѾϺܲˡ
˹ԪҲûбˣٿ볣˵ţ˹ԪҲû˰ɡ
һʱ伾·֪ǸøжǸм
Ԫһ첹ЩΪ˲·Ϸ˲ɡ
ȻһѾȼոɾϡ
ۿ˲ˣҲЩ¡
Ԫһ˺ô˵ģǸٶ۵ˣע⡢ϸĸֲЩ
·о˴ͷŶůģĶģ˹ԪҲװκζ
Ǹ͵רȡҵĵġųԪĻﹰ˹ҲԪȡһš
˯ĹԪоиСԼ꣬ȻֱۣСס
뵽ԪĻмоĲѣĲѾŹԪ覵˯գ붼ڹԪĶͷһǡ
ȻתƵաǼ⡢촽°͡
£ᡢǣһһһȶֿϢ
ͺһֻϢĶһҪԼϢԴ߱Ķҵģ˭Ҳ
Ԫ˯㣬оʲôĶһһԼϲϷ
ۣ뿴ʲôڵңͿѪŵһĻ
Ԫʺᣬ彩סһҲҶ¿ƲסԼ
ţӹԪļ̌ͷԪѾˣչһЦ
㡭Ԫԭʲôְѻ˻ȥ
ʲôŹԪ⣬˵ˣʵ
Ԫɫɲ͵ļǼһˮ˵ܰղŶ£һ𣿡
Ҫ֪ղ˯УʲôûиֻܵʱƬ̵컣ԶԶ㲻˹Ԫࡣ
áûжĴӦ
Ԫ۾ȴżĶһμĸϸ¡
ͷա촽°ÿһ¼ȵϢ
ÿһӡĵط̲ѣһУԪСҲһĵܹ
ȻĶûͣӡһ·£¿Ҳһſŵĸ
ϢԪļšӡС


80 
Ԫ౻õֱ, Сһһ󣬼Ҫһѿסͷ
˵ĿѲã˾͵øΣҪˡԪɤ, ͳ˵
СԪఴСϣ°ʹܸоǹϢ
Ҫô𰡡СڹԪСҲ谭˼˵, ڹԪู, ر۵
𣿡̧ͷԪ໵Ц
Ҫ𡣡ԪҪѹƲסˡ
Ҫǻ˼żСΪڻܰȻԼΪΪ
ûԪĻһ㣬ССڵ, ܵԪ༡𽥽, Сҧţһҧۡ
˵һ£ԪǸ, һӾͶˡ
СģɲҪڡԪ۾µļԾŨŨġ
ҡҡͷ, տʼʱͱˡ
һôµ, ֪ܹùԪࡣ
ΪιԪʱ, δؿ壬ѹסǹ궯
뷨ܼ򵥣Ȼûа취رԪĺ, 취ùԪ࿪Ŀ 
õ˼Ŀ϶ԪҲѹԼɼΪ
Ԫ಻ٷԺ󣬵ˣҧ¹ԪĿ
⧲
ίҧҡŹԪ׵Ķйһҧȥ
ʹҲǵģҧСűʪ촽ûгͷԪ࣬ȥ˷ܸС
еĲùԪ೹׶ǣһͦ䱻Ϊ
ȿȿȿȡ
Ԫ˸ֲССرǺһ¡
Ԫĵȼƽ󣬲ſʼ
֪˶ã˫￪ʼܿƵһſŹ̵Ҳ͵
׹Ԫ˵ĲҪʲô˼ҪֹȴץҲԪ׫ס
˷еĹԪէһſͰģһۣȫжˡ
Ԫһٻ³
˵ˣѾȫȥ
Ԫ࣬
ȿȡºССؿһȫʪڴϰԼڱٳˡ
ʵ̫ˣģһĵҲ
ԪҴҴһ£ͰѱųĿ˶ЦСӡ
ϵĳ컹ûȥڱ˻ᣬ˶ʪˮʪͷԵüȻ̿
ίͰ͵ģԪЦЦղŲӴúŶþήˣ־а
ûؿһ۹Ԫ࣬˵촽òУ˵˵뷢ֻñ۾װ
ڹԪ٩һգ۾Щۣ֪Ȼ˯˹ȥ
ʱͿԪڸ塣
ȥϴͺáʵǲϰڴϱź򣬳ܾ
һԼˣԪҲһ£ʵɳƵ
ҿԪඪӣü
ԹԵſ죬ԪõͲգ΢еףҸһҩ
ιҩ󣬹ԪʮԲ𣬶̫³ûй˼㣬Ū´һעġ
ʲô´Σ
Ԫ˵꣬ԭ׹Ԫ࣬˭֪ԭ
ûҲˡ
һ뵽Լղŵ޴ΪԼһȡ
㣬Ԫ༰ʱץסҸ˼٣˯ڼ˯Ȱɾʪڱ
ԼͷͬˣǺߵ˹ԪеëԼ˲Ͳӡ
ҪµʱƲ۹Ԫ࣬˼Զ
Ԫ࿴ɬղǸԼļȫһ˼Цô㿴ңҿ㣿
̵һҧ·ŹԪʲݵز˲塣
Ԫ࣬
ܲСԪüеëšɾϸϸذʪɾ
һطϵĳƤͺһ¡
Ԫ಻еЦûɰͰ͵һ᲻ʲôȤɡ
Ԫ˵꣬Ž
Ԫ˵˵岻ɱ˷Ӧղºζе
Ԫڵذǹѹȥɾ󣬿˯ȥǺñӣͷһǣȥϹȥˡ
յĵͷɹ˵úܣóҲ࣬˼Ԫ׼Ļ¶ˮڣùԪ˲
Ҹ˰磬ûǷ׷ԪʵСˣôûСϹ
ˣһ١
ϷȵòУԪһ͸ˡ
ֲãû°ɡ˹ĵ
û£̫ˣϢһͺáԪһɺƹȥ
û¾ͺã¹˸СȥϴŮҪߣСʱһźסȻǶ֪ôá
Ǿ滹һԼֵϣȻ𣬵ôС¹˼ǵҼð
ӵ˵ˣ׷ױʾԼĹġ
Ԫֻһߵлһ죬ɲҸȺĵĴү˵ʵŪġ
˹ؼңѾӴˣддЩʲô
ɤûкõ㡣Ԫʡ
ͷöˡ
ԪƵôˣָ˿Ѿˣٳһҩͺˡ
Ӧ£ָָŷ˾Ͷ˳ԡ
ţżԪʱͿл֪˷
Ԫ಻żԷĬ˰̣ԵҽϹ˵ˣȻҪ㣬Ȼһ㡣
˻ᣬˣÿֻŶһżǼ棬бϵġ
ҿ׷ɫһһ֣ûº󣬲һ
ԪҪѼչ˺ãĻؼȥˡ
ˡһߣ̱ڵϲˡ
ӺɤӾͲҪкôˣ¸Ӳˡ
Ҹһ㡣Ԫʵǿȥϴ֣漾ӡ
ֻİСֲһ졣
Ԫиˣˬʱȫûй˼㡣
ûкõ㡣ԪʮӺʵ
СŻһӣ۾Ԫ࣬Ҫû׼á
Ԫļ˲Сĸѧˣ΢ЦڼĴһ£ѵˮһ㡣

۾˵Ϲ
ԪֻٴθҧϼĴһļǡ
ǵüˣԪſϷſ
ͷؿڹԪϣЩƲ֡
ôˡ
ԭôô



81 
ϴ֮, ˺ܳһʱ䣬ҪԪȣҲֻǳֹ
ɾͰѹԪˡ
ǰһֱصˣͻȻȵԳĿͻԽԽǿҡ
ؼ⻹һֱǰ, ǲܳԣĥ֪
ǹԪʱʱľͻһͰˮԼȥ
һͳ嵽˶졣
ֵһʱ
ȥ, Ԫͼ˶ԣ˲١
һ˵Ĺֶ, 쵽˲Ǯʳ
һ߼߽Ҳ˲٣ӯһǧ飬ȫԪš
ҲһʲƵһϢ
ϲذһǮڴм, ɵֵ˵, ҰǮˣҲմմҵϲ
ӣʲôϲҲͻȻԪй, һӵǮŲˡ
ϱˣҪְֵˣ˵仰ʱ򣬿ĵ㵸
, ǹϲ, С÷, ɵȥ¾ơֹء
ԪͼҲף
ïѦҲģԴ˿ʼԺ󣬶γ˹̶Ļƽ, ϲ¾͵ͬһ¡
Ȼ⻰е㲻̫Ծ
ڽĵӣ˭ûȥɨˡ
ÿ˶˹֮ź˵Ҳңټǰѽӯˡ
ҲԼͬĶĿŲƵǮȥ
ǽǮһΪתʽʣµİչɷƽ֣ûɡ
û⡣һ»ش
ãǾǹҷǮҷǮʵǸ㲻ɷôģֻðٵ񽻸Ԫࡣ
Ԫͺö࣬Ҳ˵ʲô滰ֱӾͿʼҷǮ
ïõģϾͶʵ࣬ٴξǼYUXIϦ
ڸҰ˴æѦ壬ԪҲû£˸һٿĺ
Ѧź˶ԵЩţҲǮã
ȻΪ˾ǶԪ൭˵һ䣬ָһ
سǵˣøѣҲǵһ⡣
ЦǺǵ£ãϱ˻ø켦˳·ͰѺˡ
鶼úǸװǮҲʣǮˣʣǹԪԼġ
ԪҲûץȫŽ·ȥˣٴ¶ͳõŻƱһ˷һš
ƱҲ𣿡Ѧ廹ûдûиɶ¾һٿǮлع־ȵؿƱ
š
ѦգգۣҲδҲ̫һЩһЩӪҵˣڻֻһ˾ˣԺҪ齨һ˾ǻˡ
Ѧ·𿴼ǰиִִֻĴȡ
ïεõǮ࣬һֶץһǮһ߸ѦNɪС壬ԺרĸǸɰɣɱʳǮˡ
šѦֱֱصͷֻҪǮλʲô˵
ûлƱģԪҲ׼һһһһ⣬ܺ񱡱˴ˡ
*
ķֺؼңϲúСΪˣ˭͵ġ
֪ġ
СһΪʲô㶫
ǹԪҲǿϻῴԼŮ˰
ѽ裬ǰͶģ͵ٿǮ£һ׼ٸʵ׵ļƾ֪ˣϽ͡
ŶŶŶŶСŷɾ衣
һ뵽ٿǮͻϵ㶫ĻЩۡ
Ůǹɿľֿˣ׻û˵ʲô
ˮ˻ʱ˵Ҳ²ߵصͷ
¶ߣתתԴ˷˶Ǹ߰˷ֺ¡
裬˵ˣҳ⣬һʮǮķֺ죬ͶʵٿǮ˱˵׬һʮ顣
ɶСЬһӾͱһ롣
ˮϻͲڲãһͲ˵ϡ
豻ŵˣӶͳʮǮٿǮ衣
֮ǰõǮڻծˣʣµǮԼ׬ģӦùԼ
ˮٿǮֶڶһʲôøɾܰ׬һʮǮ
һʮǮʮǮԺÿ궼еġ͵
ٽٿ飿ˮʵ
ýǮˣԺÿ궼Уǹ֪Ĺ˾ˡҲֻһոոбҵŮӣԽ˽Ҳ࣬Ԫô˵Ҳˡ
ǮرˣûǮҲۡ
ˮ˴ӵϼͲͲζŵôõ£ôء
û취¡ʼ磬ĵеһʮǮݡ
Ǯһʱȥس˺ЩȥƷվԼʦ
ҵˣһֱڸ߲Ӵѧϰƣʦؾ֪С˽һЩڻƵ֪ʶ
û뵽ʦĽ̵úãửھȻһж
оʦ͸ٱһװŰٻŵĶ
һλвŻʦʮ־ģһ뵽ʦͷϴñӣֻסõķƷվĶǽʹġ
ɱģʲôʱܻһǬ
һѶһ̤Ʒվһߵ
ϾţסͶģģ˭ﻭġ
һҵһѷƷ
һȺڶʦȭߣ˶ŭˣ޲ȥúýѵѵȺˡ
ֻǽرŻĶ˫ȭĿţʲôҲ
ΪʱĻʦȥ鷳ҲԼļͥȥ鷳
ʦҲǸˣȺô򣬶ûпȵȺ˴󣬷˷ʦסʵûʲôŲĵˡ
ԶˮĳߵؾߣѺؾʵʦôˡ
ؾȻһ٣ֻһƤˣҡҡͷû¡
ҪҪȥҽԺĨһˮźʦһһģ̲סʵ
ãǸҩȡͺá
ٵظؾȡҩȺؾԼͿĨҩ̲סʵʦ㶼ˣΪʲôЩ˻Ҫ㡣
ΪǮؾҲֱҡñӵģһ㶼ɣ΢ĥһͻԼǮ³
ôʵֱǰ·ϸϡ
ͬѧԶԶ㿴ĻҪڰʦѾϺܺˣԲҪѹҲҪȥ򱧲ƽҪڵĴѡ
ؾ֪ѧĸúܺãһģʲô£ôĵطǶ񶾡
֪ʦѹԽʱԽܸʦҡ
ʦҸһЩƷһЩ۵ģȺӦòߡѹز⣬ԼĶںؾǰ
ؾۣ̳Ҫֲ̭дƷڷƷվҲעĿ֪ԼѧҲĵġ
ؾЦãѻЩǮҲˣǮ򡣡
ЩʣʦЩТģҪǮ
ʦôƽ޹ѧءؾЦЦʹȥƷȥǮ
źʦһȳһյȥҷƷǸ굴Ȼ޴棬ٴ


82 
һҵȶϹ, ܿͰ¸ˡ
龿˭ľģĿǰĻˡ
ûˣתˡ
ͨʱʱҵ飬ʱҿϴȥĹùᡣ
һξ´磬ܴ̫, Ҳܴ̫ᡣ
ϾСᣬһ㶼Ʋϵƽյġ
δʱȵСװȹ, ͷ˳ش, ĵԭϸϸˡ
Ĩѩ࣬ӣһСŮģ
һŮʱҶ⸱ģٴԵ, , ҹùһϲġ
ᡣνһŤʱҪ͵֡
ʱҼԼ˿, ҲգϲƢŮˣ̫׵ֵûθڡ
׻˵úãԽ׷ֵŮԽ, Խ׷ֵ, ֮㡣
Ҳ֪˵ļͷ, ֵøʱèèİϷ
ζžգûʲô֮󣬲˵, 㿴׼ϲˣһμùãµˡ
ôأֻҪҿϵĹҹùöϲģôÿҹùÿ϶۹ߣⶫǼֲȱǮ
ʱҲŮ˶ѻģ仰ܰһŮ˺ø߸ˡ
Ҫڣ֪ʱǸܲסԼ°ˣҲĵ
Цٻ⣬˵ûеҲ²ǡ
ʱŤΣ׼ҲʲôصĶҲˣôͳԽĵ
ܺã͵úܵ塣ʱҿ꣬صͷϲξϲ㣬Լɫǣִ֪硣
Ҫݲ̫Ļ治ܹǵģԾĿ죬ʱһȢε˼ȻҲȥҳ
΢ЦףЦȴβΪûҪʱҽĴ㡣
¥ϳȥ˾һȽµľ¥ѾȺʱˡ
˵ʵǲ󿴵ͨˣĿеֶϱҲҪŵԲС
ʱҲһֶ첻ҵҹޣĸŵԵĹܹ
ⶼʮˣ»û䣬òĿһֻűˡ
ﻹȥҲͲƽĳԺ󲻴ȥЩǻ棬ڼҸʱӣȺӴˣͱԼϥԲմȾϰͨ˵Ϣ
˾ָ̥˼»档
εһ۾ûпɣȻ㣬òԼֶٺʲ
εΪֹҲֵʮִ壬֪ĻΪţûǰǵ㲻Ѿɢ
ΰԵ㡣Ҳ֪Լô£ʶԽԽ˳ۣԽԽϲ
ȿԼֶҪ˳ۡ
ллùáȻһЦ
ʱҵͷ۶һνѰҪ߷֡
ǰûиμй˵ʱңҲʹظμ
ƽϲԵϺҲ˿ǲŷ
ǼʱãùͻϲӾ綨°ɡʱɣ⣬Ǻ޲ܾɻ顣
ʱһҲ廰Σ㿴ϲǼҾƵ꣬»ǮۼҲȱǮ
μ˿ʼΧԼ֪Ѿˣʼת¿ӣ££Ե鷢
ڽ飬һ뻹࿼ǿǣϾ£˲ʾ¾ùúʱҾΡ
ʱҲûòԣ֧֡
ᣬܵ㣬Ѿ϶ֶϱʲôʱ飬ʲôʱ顣
ʱһǺ죬Ҳϵȱ̫࣬οǵöԣҰϵЩëĵٽҲ١
綼ΧתϤһĵ׳һʵ飬˶𣿡
ѾϣԿʼ鲿ϵͳת
ˣԴε̬Ⱥϲ١
ܷҲһƻߵ˾˭
ζƻ˼ֱǺ֮ǣһõˣһʱ˸
ԡҲ֪˭м䵷ҡ
һһ鿪ʼٷϵľ𽥿ʼá
Ӽѡȥ¿ʼٵԪĵεζ¼ϡ
鱾ĵٶȣεɫҲڣ۰еϸָŵĿӶҪ۳롣
˵ʼ߾ʹ˳ԭúõһ䵢ˡ
ڻҾȻɸ㵽һȥˣ
ֲҲԪࡣ
һ뵽˸һŻѣô˶ĵˡ
Σǲǲ
ԴŮ⻷ļӳ֣ʱҵһľͶϣɫãСʵ
ûУ뵽һЩ飬ЩһҧһǿѹеǹŻ¸С
ʱĶεǾ䲻æʵǲǰ۸㣬ȥѵ
ЩĶ
УǹԪϵŨŮϵ˻Ҫ࣬ʱȥԸпܱڻҡ
ҪϽѡ
ô죬ҲԴаɡһЩŭҪǼ֪ΪͻȻıߣҲࡣ
룬ҾǼЩŹ֣ƺŵһϤζϵȷʵ࣬ҾÿȰֿԡ
һ뵽ǼǱҪʱ˽飬ͺ޲ðж˿顣
ǵԻһԪڣǰŭѹѹ
У취ڳһ泤һ־ǰóȻж
եϵһ˿˺ͻȻʼԼò
෢͵ĶͷʱңΣţùͻȻ£Ȼȥһ¡
ãùߡʱ˼ûУĵش˸кעȫϡ
Ҳûж룬Щʹͷ˰ţɣӭײһλˡ
˭۰˱ײڵأûɫµ
Ҳˣͷ۵˶Ҳضȥײͻã
ҵ˭أԭǱǱֲû˱Ҳûײ˼ƽϣ˭֪˲ҲͰˣ˵ãͲˡ
Ҫж̧ͣͷһƣмЦЦ
㣡ᵱʲõҪȥǰˣѺص໰˻ȥ
·ˣôῴǰĹˣɫɷס
ôҾͲˡ·ϵĻҳûɫ
ͷ۵ҡҡͷЩΣǡʱκʱ˳
һĻҲ㶡
ηӦ죬Сʵ˭
Ҵ󲮶ͷ˾ķˡ
ʱһͣξˣȥ·ǸԲ𰡳·ˣ·˽Щײǣдһ
·ԭᶷ䣬һ˵ĪͲˣаɣòСϣҽͲƽˡ
ԴҪըˣܾýеԾʲôû
һߣֶԳ·˱ǸЦЦ
벻Сﻹͦòġ·ҲοȽ˳ۣŸ˵١
εü˳۹ɵòУ·˵Цˡ
·˾ϲֹɶµĺӣЦЦüȴһɳڡ
γ׼ʱ˵ҿɫãǲǽϢá
·˱һ΢סһ̾Ϣ˵ҲСЦȷǳһ¡
μһΪѵͻˡ
·˶ε֪Խ⣬û£ЩѹĿҲҸ˵˵
δﵽʶ·˵ĿģܿͰѰ۵ʱҸˣ·˰ĵطҳ
ԭ·˵İְֳϽʹˣصǣʱйһǹųϵ״ս»յͳ˳ϵĴ
»ĲŽã¼ҵĸû׳󣬳ʱȥǼ˵ͬ
˵úԺʵǵΪڶ­ĲʹǶרҲҸô˿
Գ·˲ŻΪ·
󣬺ܿץסһС
ǹԪ಻Ǻβ𣿵øҵ
֯һ´ǣװʶǰʱʱ˵ǰҲùһҲԴë
˵⣬⣬һﾪˡ
ղŻֵĳ·һӾ;
ʵллСˣ˵껰泩٣Է
װһ¶ӣǵó·˸ϲˡ
*
Ԫλؾʹ˸ӣûиïһ˻𳵣ʵǽïѦ˵ĵ̫ˡ
һŻ졣
˾ͲÿһϵԪ徲˵Ķ硣
ؼ׼ʲôڹԪϣŹԪ°ͣСʵ
Ԫ΢ۣܵ˵һĻ㡣
һ죬תͷΧûעǣڹԪĴšһѣ
Ԫʹȴ˵ģ
ŹԪ˫ռ񣬼ĻŻŵش񣬶̵
أ𣿡ԪһͷܿȫòڷӰֵС䣬Ѿյͨ졣
ôԪ̵֪ж
ûȵش𣬻𳵾ԪͷһںϼĶ⣬Ȼ̵ˡ
ȵĶ䱻ԪĴסûн£ѹԪտˡ
ۼŻ𳵾ͿѸڹԪĶ˵Ҳ㣬֡
˵Ͱͷֻ¶һͨͨĶ䡣
ܿӭԪ˴ĺ󱳣Цһ㲻׽Ū
˾׼ʲôԪʵ
ûйԪôˣԼıóһдֽݸԪ࣬һؾҪ׼¡
ʲôԪЩ
˷ֽϵݣȫһЩʽдÿֽ档
кЩ֪ʶѾ˹Ԫ˽֪ʶ㡣
Ԫšü˭ѧġ
и߲ҲûгһĻȽϸߵˣҼ춼ԼƤ棬ôѧЩ֪ʶ
ԪŵزģûסЦЦգգ۾ҸȰȰѧѽȻ㻹ΪҰѧ𣿡
ң
ŶЦӣҰˣһҰŮˡ
һԣ
Ԫβɨżв֮ⲻԶ
ô졣
ȣҲϣ
Ԫһ޷ȵӡ
ͷԼ䣬ֺˣòˣ滹á
ȼشǶһӣҲˣͻȻǻλͬ־ܵܵĸãڻϻ⡣
Ԫʱһдʽֽڸҧ䣬ż׺ݵɨۼɲڽ⡣
μЦǰҸ˾вסϲ˽⣨Զˡ
ԪżĻл۹Ĺ۱ǣϺް
Ӱڰ֣Сͬ־ɲ˵磬ҲΪãĻܱϹǿʱѧϰûġ
Ԫ࣬λ˵öԣʱҪѧϰѧϰãͺˣԺˣ׵öࡣ
ҧҧӶǹԪǸ㡱֣ǲԪôһ˵ġ
ŶСͬ־㿴ͨ͸ǶЩĻҲô˵ģⲻͺˡӼԪԽ˵Խ
Ԫͺһһ仰Խ˵Խᣬ졣
ԪУתͷСͨļЦ˵Ļ˰ɣȥ֮һҪŬѧϰȻԲⷬ
ݺݵؿԪ࣬Ԫô-أ
ӱԪ˵һ죬Ҳôһ˵ͬ־ԴֻҪСͬ־ѧϰͺá
ֱùԪ
ԪµؿżҪըëСҰèֱ֡
ܿ𳵾ʻ򾩳ˣԪô᲻üҲҪֿˡ
˻𳵣Ԫ࿴ż˫Ҫ᲻񣬳ͷֻǷֿ죬ڼһȥģʵðȰȰϵ
һֱڼڴİȰȰޱԹؿżĺɶ
úõһϵͳѾȫȫΪˣᡣ
ûµʱ⣬ûµʱͿ顣
찡Ҫ֪Ǹ磬ӲǸɵ
ԤƵȹԪǰϵͳ˻ĳͷ
ЩͷʲôˣϾֲİ٣ǵ£ٱؼСݡ
СݣԹϾʱ޿̲Լ
Ҷǲܻ֡
ԪڴϵһţԪ˵黰ʱһӲš
ھȻҪû
ѵΪһϵͳûС󣬾ͿԲһ￴
ֱ̫
ѰȰȰȴӺɰͳʣСȣͬ𣿡
ԴӰȰȰȵӴ࣬һѣҪռʱ£
Ը⣡ȰȰʮֲԸؿĻشҪΪǻվֿĵתȦ
ԪජұֵòԸ
ڴûйȨˣ˭̯һħء
лл㡣ȰȰȺԸ£ܿĵذѰȰȰջغɶ
ԪƲ۱սɰİȰȰȣ䵭ԺСˡ
Ϊʲô
ûռ𣿡Ԫ࿴ۼɵõĺӣĳ˵
Ԫһѣĥһ£һֽСֵĸо
ץץͷǲСȣʲôء
Ԫ붼û룬СɰɣҲͦ
òָоǼҲܴ
ȰȰɵۣôͱȸҪΪһֱܿ
ȰȰȣɣǼ˻
Ԫ3DܽУ˹صͦӦϲ



83 
Ԫλؼûǰк, Ӣ͹־˰ȥʱŹԪҪ
ǰɹһѶɰСˡ
ֲ׶ӣŪñĻҪףԺ׶Ӳð
Сֵۿš
ԪѾһˣðװ, ˿̸ڸĸʲôֻСһԸĸЩС
ʱʱ, Цһ¡
Ԫڴˢˢˢдҵ, ż̧ͷԺϴŪĸĸһڡ
裬ɶʱܻԪдҵ, ͻȻ뵽Զ౱ũĹԪ١
Ѿкüûˡ
˵Ԫݲ𻹺, һӢľ;ģ۰ľǴСµĹԪ١
ҹԪٵҲ
Χȹϲɾϵˮ, վʹ̾Ϣ֪ȥũ궼ܻһˣͲȥ, ڼҴŶá
ԪЩ, , ˡ
Ҳ룬Ҳ֪û洦д˺üζûлءӢԪҲǶʮĴˡ
ȻڵŮǰҪЩ, Ԫֶʮ껹ûҶίʵ࣬ӢҲЩ
Ůȥɳ
Ԫݵ۾δĽһҪø߸ߴֺÿҪӪҵʽԱС
ӢƲ۹Ԫݣͷػӻ֣ȥȥȥСӼҼҵģͶʲôгúÿÿˣҵд𣿡
дˣ
д˾ͰѹϰϰǶڰһģٿ㣬˶ǮβſʮҶ㺦
Ԫһ̤ԼԺӣӢǸ߿ָԪݵ
ЦЦ̣˵ôţǵѧĶԪѧĶֲһˡ
ѽԪˡӢԪﻹ˵ϹԪݣŤͷͶڹ־ԸϹˣóϡ
־ڼһûʲôͥλӢĻؾȥ¡
ʣ¹ԪվԺм京ָЩãؿŹԪࡣ
ӢڹԪǰЦŵԪи硣
ԪŴ˹־ĳ࣬Ũüۣһ˫ִˮ۾գգͿŹԪ࣬йԪĶ˲١
ЩƺԪһûؼңԪУҲӢ
ĿɶˣһأŶſϽˡӢĶӣǽһְֺޡ
ԪӶͳһ黨ڹԪ棬Ԫ
ԪԴ۹Ԫֿ࣬˿ԼֻŵǣûҪƺ˼
û£ջ㻹ЩİϤͺˡӢŭĹԪĺ󱳣УԺ˭ǳԣ
ԪϿڽˣԪݿɾͻʵˣԪһУ硢硢硣
Ԫ붮ӱץӴӸ
ۣϲˡԪһֱһǣǺ޲ðȥ
Ȼûи˶ãּˡ
ӢһѶԪټҸµǣһʣµ
Ӣ˵ԪݣƫͷЦжԹԪ˵Ҳǣ´βҪôˣûнƣϴγǻԵۣһڵĲ١
ԪίͰ͵ؿԪ࣬Ԫʼ磬һĪ
ã˭㲻ƵġӢȥصʱ򣬹ԪĹԪݵԴ
Ԫݳʹͷһί磬ûпǸǶҪȻˣٲԾͱϳˣǲ˷ѡ
Ԫһ˷ҲȻá
Ϊ¥Ϲȥĵˣ˵ҳŪģǿʶԪֱߴûע©˳
ԪէһԪһȱ˰ߵʵûסЦ˳
ԪžһסͣԹؿһֻĹԪࡣ
ЦʲôЦûȱ˰
ûȱߵġԪϵЦ⻹δɢȥֺЦʣ˵᲻©硣
Ԫݹ۾Ԫ࣬һǲĸ磡
ʲô˭·ǣһŲȿգˤĻӢغöԪ໹վű߸Ů˵ûס䣬ͽвԣԿǰ
ûվţȥ
Ԫݾûа취ˣһļͥλûУʵʵȥӹԪıԪ౳ȥ
ԪںСӢûҸƸϡ
ˣ˼ҽ˵˶ˣɴŽȥɡӢСظԪ˵
Ԫһ¹ԪԺһЦһټĽɫ¶ӣ̿ЦЦ
ǻһ
ǿ϶͵͵˵һԪݸԪźһԴ۾͵ЦĹԪ࣬һ϶
û˵Ԫ򴲵¡Ԫҡͷһ񶨡
ԪһӢĸƨ棬ԪcueӢֵؿԪࡣ
ںĴһգգؿԪ࣬ʣ˭ʲôѽ
ԪǸ磬סǸ󻵵ԺҪԶ㡣ԪݱԪһԪǸôɶˡ
ССﶮùԪ݇NɇN˵ʲôһһùԪ˺ģ࡫ࡣ
󣬵ʣִӤȣ˶һ¡
ԪԡԪԪˣﻶϲһѰٸ߸ߣѹԪֱ֣ˮˡ
ԪĹģСûĵģҸϴô򲼶ûҼ㡣
ԪѹԪòٸİ󣬾ͰڴϣӱóһڹԪǰ
Ԫһмĸ͸ģԺ󳤴һҪǵñ
Ԫһ߽ŹԪߣһ߸˵
Ԫȥ˿ˮͿԪĴϰ˸ʽߣлݵɰ塢߻𳵡иʽľżӾöҪˡ
磬߳𣿡ԪݿЩ̳ÿǲˣԪһ־ôһѣֵǮء
δɩ͵ġԪף΢Щ
δɩӣԪݲ֪Դĵ
ֿҡҡͷɢȥôܣδɩӳô󷽣һǮġ
ôǸǮģݵЦôܻ档
ţ۹ãһ۾ˡԪ˵ʱ۾ﶼâùԪһļƤ
һֱԪĿеǸߴе䵭ģͻȻһӱ⻭е㲻Ӧ
ҲŲʲôһУ磬㲻ǿ˼ҳúÿɫ˰ɡԪݱŸ첲˺ת٩
Ԫ࣬
ò˵Ԫ˵ˣԪ໹ĶԼ뷨
տʼѼģžȻЩ᲻ãȻԼˡ
Ԫ಻ûиУ˵˶ģԼҲûʲôԡ
ԪݼԼҸ粻˵ˣڴԵĹԪĽ
ε磬ɩӸҵء
ûġ
Ԫݣ
ûյδɩ͵Ԫʧ伫ˣֻĽڴȥĹԪ
˹Ԫ͵ߣԪܿ͸ԪʱʱؾͽԪ
Ԫһ˾ͻӶʽ
ܿԪͳӢΪ˹Ԫĸƨ档
ͿɰѹԪݸҧгݣдҵıʼⶼ㱻ϺüΡ
ֹʲôҵˡԪයһȦԪһıԪһ߽ʵ
ˡԪһ߽Ԫ̾ͱùԵòУűϵϰ⿪ʼ
Ԫ࿴˻ᣬòκôõģȥԪһЩĹʽá
ô֪⣬ȥ׹ʽȻٶеȥǸһ֪Ѿ˺ܶࡣ
ȥнˣǮûа׻ԪĹԪݵԴʮ⣬껹λʦ㲹Ρ
Ԫ̲סԹԪ˸ûô۸õĸ磡
ʵʲǳʱϸ־Ӣ״
裬绹ȥֱڴɵùܹҪȻԺҸ;ͳ˳ˡ
Ԫ֪ӢƲľǳˣǰһҾһŮңӢڼӵˡ
ԪݾùԪҪǳΪˣһñӢ
˭֪Ӣ־꣬ɫ㶼Ǿϲ֮ɫ
棡Ӣ룬Ԫࡣ
Ԫ۹ԪݣʵʵظӢͷ
ӢֱЦۣǸãǴһˣһҪƣð¸
Ӣ˵˲ȹ־Ľţ־˲䷴Ӧԣ£ְλˣ˲٣ûǮ
ԪЦãǲѼؼλƣŵλ
żСŵ
ԪҲǾԼڻûʽ꣬΢Ժٸ̹Ҳ١
ӢԪ಻ԸŮӴؼüԪ࣬˵һĲǣ̶졣
˵Ԫ̡
ŮӴɻĶ⣬˼û˼òҪ˼ңãȷˣҲһˣҲǸüҳʱ򣬺ø˼һǡ
ԪˣԼƲüǣӢΪֻѡ
ＴЦᡣ
ҲСĸһŵӢ͹־㣬ŵһˡ
ϾֻԼҲΪǿǡ
ǼĶӣû׼ĸָڽӴͻȻԼ񣬼˵óܶ
϶ˣһӶˡ
Ԫһ̵Ӣ͹־һۣԾǲԼ˵˻ЩΡ
Ԫడûб˼Ҳȥ⴦ҪľԼϲͺã̲ǣʲôʱؼʲôʱؼż
ûУ̣˵úܶԣһؿǵġԪҡҡͷͷƲֵؿʼǷ
Ԫ໹ģӢͰŲƵԪϣֻĵſЦŭҲǣСС;ѧ״ˣôˣզ
裬ԶԪЩԹӢص㡣
Ӣ۹ԪݣզԸ磬һͲأ֤б°ҪбҸԸģҲ˵ɶ
ԪݱӢĪǰô˵ģզͿߡ
ȻߡӢϣ糤úÿѧ𣿡
Ԫ룬ûС
ǳԸӵ
ԪݱӢ˵ûƢˣֵֹܾģ˵
Ԫ䲻ѣӢôһ˵֪Ϊֱú
ļ˺ȽݣԽܣҲӦÿϱؼҰɡ
־ȴҷԵòˣŶԹԪΪصԪ࣬˵¡
Ԫһ־ı飬֪־Ҫ˵ˣӢ͹ԪݶĬĬ¿ӣ뿪˷
־ĥһ£ŻڵǰЩ죬λңһλ쵼
Ҳ­Ԫšü
־ͷȻϴεļѶСɽ󲻺ýӣλ쵼ǰʮĸ䣬˵䲻һֻŶ̤ײˣ쵼Լ˲Σͻļ˻
ǸɽֱǸʱը-
Ҳ˵ô˻ܻ궼û¾һ£ôˣָĸ涼ֲˣǿɹܶء
Ԫ೶˳ǣȷЩѰ졣
־㳤̾ϢһҲϣͽȥûλ쵼ǰ㣬ǲ֪λ쵼Ӻδ㣬ȨʩѹŲø˵¡
Ԫʾףֶϣ׿
־ԼигϢĶӣҲ̫Ϣע⡣
ҪʵھΪѣؾˡ־Ԫþò˵ڵ
û£԰ɡԪ֪־˵ܻؾͻؾĻ־һԼ̸һھͷˡ
϶Ҳ־ʩѹˣȥ־ͻܵͷ
־ԹԪԪģҲûбҪͷεĺˣ־£ҲҪɢˡ
а𣿡־ֶ˶ĿԣϣӲҪͽЩ߰ȥ
˵һǧһûãûб£ԲŻ׸
аձ֤ɹ˼ԼܻãûаˡֻȡеԪ໹аյģǰ֪˶٣ڱ۾
˼ҵָΣĲұ֤
ҲˣֻܾͺãʣµĽүɡ־̾԰
ԪЦЦظ־һŵЦݣӡ
־㱻ԪһοӳˣˬһЦȻ㣬Ȣϱء
ڿյĴϣԪͻȻЩŹŴʵĴСĸΡ
ԪżԴʹ3DԪ࣬ü𣿡
ڹԪ뼾ʱ򣬼ҲŹԪ࣬ͳԪͨ
üԪӴϾ
ܿɾͰѹԪ˹һĨϲɫȣüҮ
ɻظһۣһ߿ƼڱûҲͰˣȻҪɹԲã
ԪĵĽлҲӳһ΢Цͺǰһ
ؼһ𣿡˹˸߲ҵظԪ
ܺãԵúã˯õطҲãܵҲܹԡԪʵش
Ҳǣ軹˵ȥһ꣬ڼҴʮɫҪá
Ԫһ˶ˬõظЦ̵֤ĺá
С΢죬뵽Լû˿üԪҲҲôǺܳԵģǵ㾫
£ҿǴʮĻҪж٣̲㡣ԪԼϱӣʮˣһ´ࡣ
Ķⲻֺ֪ˡ


84 
ô˵ˡԪ˺þòظ, Ϊ˯ˡ
û˵㡣˿̲ͨ죬ն̵
֪Ԫ﾿жÿβ˵ʲôԪ඼ܽϡ
ԪõؽϰһһЦ, û£´˵, סС
Ҳû뵽ÿθԪǶǹԪռϷ, 治֪ķλôġ
Ԫ꼾Ļ͵ͻЦҿû˵ס
ߵ޵, 
Ǳģ
뵽ǰԼ, ǱԪŴŲԾԴתˡ
ûϵʲôҶϲ
ԪϰԵΧһȷһѱĿ, Щį
ʱԱߵĻֻҪһ£ͻẦߵض㿪֪ÿԽͻԼԽ, 󻹲Լôô
һ˵ļȻԪ˵ɪһ, ȻȴҲûй̵, еֻǴޱ
֪ô£һξԼıһ㶼ůͣûǼª¶ȡ
ϲŷֿ, ȴԾúѾֿһôá
Ԫ࿴˿յĴ󴲣Ծ˵˵ҼҴͦģпҪҪԡ
һ룬ü޲˲ô԰
ҼҴ治ȥˣţԪڴϣоԼҪЦˡ
⺢ӱԼ̵ѾӶ
ԪβϵϳöڱļնպˣϹԪ˼ά
ղ˻˵ŴεĻͻȻһתƵĻϣǷǰ
ܿѹ峺į֮ɫ
Ҳȥҡ
ɲȥԪңҪùԪļ˷Ĺϵǿɾˡ
Ԫ΢΢̧üΪʲôԸҼҡ
ûǾòʡڱƵЩȣͷ־쬵ģ˵һ
ڹԪĶ;⺢ίšŵüɿɿһ˫ӻɬ֪Щʲô
ҵһķʽŰѻˣмҪ鷳㡣
ţ˵
֪֪ܹ򵽵ӻ˵ӻҪ֤СӣΪѡ
ӣԪ಻֪ûвɫӻ֪ڰ׵ӻǾ˵ġ
šӦһС᲻鷳㰡
ᡣԪҡҡͷԼСĸεæôܽ鷳һЩ󣬼ĺʡˡ
лл㣬á˱ӣѱɹԪ࣬
Ī˺˿ĹԪͷԡ
ԣԺл׼˵á
ΪϢըȾԪһ˺ü־ͻǻǴӼ˵ġ
ףΪʲô
Ϊʲô
Ҹôл㡣
Ԫ಻˵ȫ벻ôлʡ
šԪͷ룬۽һ˿ЦԺҪ˵л˵ллϹϹá
ϹϹ
òˡ
ζû뵽ԪȻڣ
˻
Ԫ㱻Ļҧͷ
ѵ᲻Ϲʵĺ
ôˡԪĳʹæʵ
û£ǲСҧͷԪ򴽣ϵѪζ̳С
ö˶˵ôҧȵˮܾûôˡ
ŹԪ˵ǻеᣬԪ۵ûš
û׼ϹͲˡ
ԪûҪŹĴ㡣
֪ԪΪôִϹ˭۹ԪǸšܹùԪԸġ
-
ûùԪʹɬֿڵ
šԪ΢ۣٶнС
³һ˳ȥżеϹ
š
нбӦ
Ϲ
˳ں󣬲Ծ侹Ȼһůǻ
ڹԪĶһζʵ̫ˣ˵ĺܹ
һ3DĻ죬СĸĽǸ˶ס
ԪһѴӴϷվ򿪴˳£ϵȴߡ
ôˡ
ԪǱ߸OO@@ãȻһ䡣
û
ĹԪܶˣ֪ԼˣŶԼ˵
ˣõˣܲܰһЩϣҪæһ̨ûʱЩ
Ԫ뵽ԪվǸŮӣһȱȷʵЩ
û⡣ˬӦ£Сһ壬ȻҪæ£ӻҾԼɡ
ûʲôСһǿ԰쵽ġ
˲֪ĵҹµʱҲû˵ôĻβ֪ô˵Ļһ
ȰȰȵȵ߶˯֮ɿСķȥɢȡ
Ԫͼ߿ƼϵͳʲôӰ죬̫˵ˡ
ϵͳ̲ס졣
ɱ쵶ģŰʱûĸܡ
ϵͳĸܡ
ȰȰػԼصϵͳˣֱӹһĸϵͳ
ԣֱӹһϵͳϵͳֹĸġ
ڶһ磬ԪʹǧǮӢ
̣λҲûиʲôȱʲôǿ򡣡
ӢƴǣôҪǮҸнŵģԼ˰ܹٴǰТС
ԪЦЦȴϰǮջȥǲҪҵǮ£ԺвǮĵط
ӢƬ̣뵽Ԫܹ˶þҪ飬ҪǮĵط治٣ŲΡΡؽӹǮ̾ͰŰ
Ԫȷص˵ͷǮТǵģŻõС
ǧǮڿɲһСĿӢȻԪǴģ־˵ԪǸдµˣҲȥǮ
ˣ̣Ҫˣ˶·£ҿϺСװȹԪס
ԪӢҪǮ᲻һǮĻᡣ
һСŮôʲôӢ˵ţȴ̲סЦ
Ӱһ㶼û-˭˵ûѪԵϵسǡ
⺢ӶĵģֻҪãôܲá
ԪݵĺЩ·ˣЩǴ㴩ʣµģֿúã͵ɡ
ԪȻƽʱ۸Ԫݣǻŵģи粻ϲġ
ӢһҲЦЦУͷʹȥ̳
Ӣ͹Ԫڳ˵ŻԪݾſڹ͵ܾã˵ˣҪץס֤ݡ
û뵽ȴĻ
ͺˣŹԪĺ󱳰һۡ
úģ˭Ҫİ
ţȴ̵ġ
˻µĹԪתһ̧ͷͿԼϵ
ٺ١Ԫݲ˼ضԹ־ЦЦŵĨԼˡ
־㿴ƤŮҡҡͷ͵ĹԪݾ͸׽ĹԪһ׵ĲĸС
ԪӢ˵£һͿվĹ־㣬ʵشк
ţԷˡ־ŹԪһȥ˹ԪϲԵİӻ
ɿڵӣԪĶģһһСͻȻ뵽ϼ¡
ûа취򵽵ӻŪӻ֤
ôͻȻˡ־Цһ䡣
Ŷ˼ġǡʱӢԪһ࣬һ˵־һۡ
۾㶼ζ
־Ȥһ䣬ǸСģ
ԪԶٶһϵЦһ̵Ĳڡ
һԪ־㻹ʲô׵ģЦ泩˶˵ŮҿҲ
ûĹԪ࣬һֱӺ쵽˲Ӹ
ãæԪͨ죬־ЦøӿˣһʽĲʵ磬Ҳһ̨·
Ƿûסˣʵ粻ʰɡԪ뵽һ궼ûסˣٷһ̨ʵȥǵ͵
־Ԫ໹֪ӵ£ӢһԿ׸Ԫࡣ
Ӣ˵ݸԪһԿףԪ໹ãţЦⷿôܾͿпվ͹ȥĵĵҲģˣпհŶȥ򣬿⡣
֪ǲǹԪĴܾλλﻰⶼڶд߻顣
ѵʲô̼
벻ͨĹԪ緹
û꣬Сʹһ
ɩء
Ԫ¿ӣСһŵӡ
СԪ࿴ˣһͷȥЦеضԹ־ӢǼҺֵĻ¶ˣ³˺;Ƶ꣬ɩһҪ͹Ⱑ
һһ־ӢӦţȴôСĻ硣
Ԫһ٣λλΪʲôҪ߻ˣԭԴͷ
Сתͷ۹Ԫ࣬ЦԪǺһģҲץˡ
Ԫ۹Ĺ۱ǲNɪ
ԪడҪҪǼҷһͬҲڹӪ̵ϰģҿ˵ˣķԱһˮÿʻߣȢؼҲ
С컰ﻰⶼ͸һɇNɪԪܶ󣬷ҫ
ԪԴ޸УĹԪݻСԴ⻰ֱӱһߣߵԪǰ
磬㿴ܵܰѴɩ߶Ͽˮ˵Ҫôɩ֪ô
Ԫ಻òи龫ֵڻеõġ
û£Ҫϲ´δɩܸһѡԪĹԪݵԴ˵赭д
СNɪһ¾ήˡ
ԪϵûʮҲа˸ͨ˼ͥ˭øߣͲ淴ӦԪҵĶԼҺֺá
кɫŹ֡
Ԫడô˵˵СأŻ⡣
ԪЦЦ
ѵҪýַﶼ֪ɡ
СԪ಻ְͷתŹ־Ӣʵ¶û
ż˼ҹﻹСԪദкֲԿ
ӢɲӣСܸҫͲܸСҫ
СӢƿԣ¶Ȼ뿪ˡ
СһߣӢ˷ۣȢϱɶNɪģס
ô¡
ԪӢĻᵽһɰԵζ
ԪЦ˵ǷɩͷӾ˼һɩֱӰѷˣԺָ㰮ȢȢȢָ統ʱҲˣ˵Ĺϵźͺá
СԾԪԪݵĶͷԺˡ
ԪҲԺСæŸϱûյǼǰNɪҫ顣
ӢƲƲ죬˼ҷ֪˺ֱӸⷿסС컹ϱ±Ӱɡ
ҲͦãжĥԪЦЦ
ԹԪŹ־ȥҽԺٴҽԺ͵Ժ
ȥȫ飬˵λλȨأԪҲʲôé®ͷࡣ
˲󣬾ԼҽԵһŲܡ
Сͬ־ⲡβþ˰ɡʹˣͦһҽ飬˼
ԪϵԺһ飬ͷֹͦ۸䣬βεúã˵
ϱ˵ԻҲû뵽ԪӦƬ̣Ц˻Сͬ־˵Ҳԣββ˲֪
ǰҽǰ͸СèƵģÿй¼ߣŪ˵˼ңįúܡ
ͻȻ󵨵ģ࿪ġ
Сͬ־ҵôʡ
Ԫҡҡͷ˵ʵֹ̫ۣټϵ״̬»Ҳ˵һ¡
ԪһſڣԵľԱͶݺݵصҺņ̃סȻԪ඼һǾ͸Ұȥ
Ԫ˵꣬һתˣǻǻᾡκõģġ
ȻԪ˵һɥϾùԪκһ˵ûҽͬ
ãҾ͹һľΡ
Ԫ˲ȥԺҽ϶¡
Ԫ˼칫Ҷʡ
ԺһĶͷ̧ȥԪ۵ף
Ҳ֪ĻëСӣͻûʮϿ
͵ĻòͷʲôʲôԺ¾£͸ҡ
ҿҲƽģǿţСӿ϶ҽҡ
ƽѲʲô
˭ҵĹӸɡ
ֲ
ԪҲգȥϸСʿ
ۣȻ˵ĵطн
Ҳȥֹǣ˵ȥ˵óϵļ˰ҽϻ
ؼҺͰڸ߲ùǮ˸ĸûóǲŰ衣
˹ԪԸԹ緹ȥԪϣҲ֪ԪҪĲ̵ûֻһҼȥʡ
˺üҶûʵ̳￴һʿɫ˫ſ۴¡
δʽ֪Ϊһ۾;·Ԫഩһܺÿ
ͬ־¶Ǯϵ˾䡣
١ۻԱ̧̧ͷ
Ķ̫˰ɡ
޵ģůͣ¿ʽȥĵ궼ûġۻԱᣬܵ
ȷòҧһĸҺ֮ǰȥһ˵㲼Ʊ
Ĵ¼ڸ̵괩󣬺ܲɾ˴ŹԪݳ·Ӣ
ϴȥԷʱӢǼģǵײ죬ǾЩ죬ԵĹԪݣһӾʹܵԡ
á
ҲáӺá
Ӣʾ⣬ЩΡ
ԪݿĶĵʣҲǳ·𣿡
ǰԪҲҪ·𣿡ʵЩִ٣һʣЩƱ
СԪҡͷܾˣȻĶԼ˵֪Ҹ紦𣿡
㶣ͷһ˿ɬȻãȻҡҡͷ
ԪһδɩƷء
Ҹ綼Ҫ˼ҼˣǶûˣһҸҪõļ㶼֪Ҹصÿʵ
Ԫֹ꣬ͷһ
òƹԪĵӦǸġ


85 ϲ
һʱ˵ԼǸʲôζ, ر·ղ˲䡣
ԪݸҲǺˣ˵ְ, , ܲȥ̽һδɩӵƷ, Ҹص̫ʵʲô˵Ҹ, ø˵˵϶С
ԪݾüԼҸôã϶׻ȥʣһʳ

Ԫݶżֱס
ôʰ
ԪСһ˵, ӢҲӦԪ಻ԸѶؼҿ϶¼˵ѻ߶ԷЩŤ
Ԫǿ԰Ѷȥʶ
ǵҲ溢, ֪Ԫ̸ƷΡ
ԪôڵģǾ⺢̸Ķ
˵ר˾ƭ˲Ǯ, Ǯ, ˾Ͳˡ
ԪֲŴһ󣬳é®ʲôƭˣܲס
ǰСµðһ㡣Ӣ˲Լ, Ĳ棬ǶͬˣӸԪѰѹء
֪ôģӢĿţԴһȾʹӦ
ӦˣӢԼղŲ˲ʧҺԪ໹ôһѣʲôܹм䴫ȻӶҲ˰æ
˶κģԪǰû𣿡
ڼûѧУûҲ̫ӢҡҡͷǼԪСѧڼҵҵͰҴӣûȥҲûѻ
ԪСʱȻôЩԾ
ǲ֪⺢СʱɰˣҽӼſͿĻĿۡ
ȫԴһ¸ԪദĻ档
治ùԪǸˡ
ӢЦЦ⺢˼أ˲֮ͻõöࡣ
룬ôһ£ʶԪʱ򣬹Ԫ˶ģžͽ˺¡
֮ͷֹԪǸٺòˡ
ͦģȥ»ʶһѣĵʱܹ棬졣Ӣһϲ˼ӵģܿ͸˵ЦҪпվ͵Ҳö߶߶
ãԪҲǼҳһķҲǱ𱨴ǼҵĶ顣Ӣ˵ţ۱ȥԳߵĹԪݡ
ԴӹԪȥ˵˹ԪѧУĻʳúǾһֱмĸŮŷ
ĸҲͦģԪÿػɫܺãһֱŸлֿҲɣммǣ߾ͻõöࡣ
ҡͷԪݴûгʲôӲл˵лǼҵøлǼҲŶԣҲܹԪչء
˵նպԪ¸˲ٻ£Ҳ֪Ӣ֪᲻ᲪȻŭ
ԪһطȥģչӦõģС²طϡӢΪˣ󱳣ɡ
ǾнϵЦֺͰ֣ǼԪСϲչ˱Сĺӣģϲģ㲻Ҫʲô
𣿡
ǰӢ϶صͷԪСʱϲչ˹ĺӣɵĲˣӵͷѪ
ȻҲڴСûѣ⻰öԼ˵ϾԪһѣҪܣԪ໹ͳһ¼ҹˡ
һ̳һ·Ӣ˵˲ٹԪСʱ£ü˽⵽Ԫͬʱе޵ݡ
ôһ˺ˡ
Ӣ·ɫѾӢ΢Ǹ˵ǲ˼ûעʱ䣬鷳һˡ
ҡҡͷʾû¡
ǼԪǼӾͰˣͷһúд㡣Ӣһ䣬ʹŹԪݴҴ뿪
ԭܾòԼϡͿӦһ鷳¡
òӢйԪദĶԼ
ȥԼԪദʲôʱ飬Ƿ˲ɡ
·ͷ·
ַˡ
ǻ·ζ˰ѸԪ·
սֲ鷳ôȥ鷳Ԫֻ࣬ñ·һһӡҵķߡ
εεΡ
ûȰȰȵ
ҿһܽһû˵Сӡ
Ķ
ԪҽԺϵİ״ӻûѣ뵽һƣĪЩСĸΡ
ڹӪ̳ߵС׼ؼҡػش
ԪЦԭصӡ
ŶҲûΪʲô·ԭŵϵʯȴ
иӰǰ
̧ͷ΢ô
ҸպþڸҽԺ¡Ԫ˫ֳڰ״ӵ¶΢Ц
´ŹԪ࣬ѩ׵ҽŹԪֱΣϵʶøѰһˡ
ԪЩʵʣôˡ
ûʲôǾ㴩ٺʲҾû㴩״ӻҪÿˡ
˵ĹԪʲôԾǾĶÿô塣
Ŷԭϲڡ
Ԫ΢ۣβЦţЦζ
ûŪԪ˵ʲôԪһֻ־͵СǽϣһֻֿסĺףĴӡһǡ
ĺһϣļһԴһƬհף˴ϵϢʲôܲ
ԪһֱǵüδطŹ
ϲҴԺմ㿴òá
żĴϢԪʵ
áļܿѹʱ˿Ȼڴ¡
ץסҪץ-ġ
ٲɴǵʪ󣬼Թؿ۹Ԫ࣬촩̫ˣԵûͷת򣬲ŻĻº͹Ԫ󵨵¡
Ԫ΢ˣѵ㲻ϲҽô
ŹԪ˵񣬼һ»ֽţҲǸ˼
ʲô˼
Ԫ˵ɫŨüһĶˡ
ҿûˣƴͣҾǾã̫󵨡
Ԫ봹ָҡ
ûУûУûС˶Σôָ㡣
ŶԪƲֵӦһ
öҪˣҲ˲Ķһ̧ͷסԪĴ
Ԫƫͷ׷ؾɬֻȵǣһµĴϣͷ΢Ŀгֱ룬޷롣
֪˶ãѾ⣬ſͣ£΢΢Ŵ⣬ûвϲҽҲûָ㣬ҡҲģҡ
Ԫ΢΢شĻЦû˵ĴϢġ
Ƶסᣬûζ
Ԫ౻Ŀɰջ󵽣ͷ΢ЦŲ˵
ߣٴȥɾͶɱˡĶô̹ǣԪż΢С֣߳ڡ
·ײײڹԪ
ﱧʲôԪʵ
·ʵ
ҵģԪͣ½š
šŹԪһյ΢ٻɫ·£·һչԪ࿴
ܲĿʽ
Ԫ࿴Ҳò޼۹ãĿʽ㴩ʮ궼ʱ
ҪҪԡ
Щڴ
á
Ԫ°״Ӻףϼ˫źɫ¡
ٻɫ·£̫ԪĿԪֱͦӳ
ÿ𣿡
Ԫ಻ʿı֪ˡ
ճյؿͷ
ԪЦЦһԼһƤңܹСĸԵͷת
ؼҡԪż֣ʮָۣ·һ·ǰС
˺ܳһ·󣬼ŷӦȥҼҵ·
֪ˡ
ԪżЦء
Ŷ
Ҳ
ܿ͵˹ԪĺԺԪͳԿףǣż˽ȥ
ĺԺԴЩ¡
ҼңԺҲļҡԪӻͳ׼õһԿС
ҼңԼԴЩˡ
ɫЩڣ˶Ժĳ裬ֻܰĺԺ̶λҵԡ
ԪڴԵţǽߵһӾ
ۻɫĹ⧲˵۾
ĳһ¾ӳ˵ͫ
Ưķ䡣˲
Ԫжһ˲ľϲ
óӢ͹־ĵġ
һ̺ôɫĵ񻨴󴲣ʮֵҫۡ
Ӵӿӵĵ̺ʹŴ͸Ѥ
ûе̺ĵطҲ˿ʽӱ¹ױ̨̨ĵطһƮ
͸ִû
ǴɫĴ
Ų֪ò½š
ԪڿңҵЬ򿪣ȻлϴЬӡ
Ԫù˫ϴЬӣ˻Ϻ󣬲߽ҡ
õԪ￴սǵˡ
ԪһȦҵһһţŽȥǸװ޵ñȽִ䡣
һװõü׵ԡ⻹һڴԡס
ùԪ඼㵲ѣЩԼǲٴδԽˡ
סˣͻȻװ˾µķ䣬Щϰˡ
ʱѾĳ룬һɫĺ˫ϲֹ̺ϡ
˿ԪıӰҧҧǸ׼·
šԪһʱûʲô˼
ԪȻ֪ٴѣ˵ϲ
ԪŻζֲôϵı춼Ǵɫġ
ֹסįĪؾøղŻ̾ѵķЩۡ
Ҹûȥˡ
Ķӵߵű׼ԼЬ
ԪȴǰָָŴɫĴԴ𣿡
˲ˡŵֱ֡
ǸԪ׼ϲɲŪࡣ
ԪȦż־ȥһѰƵڴɫϲϡ
Ǽ糺֪Ǳϲĵûӳϲ
ڼƨɰҪӴϳȴԪһѹڴ϶á
ˣԺܿġԪڼĶߵ
ͷڹԪţߵ֧֧ᣬɡϲ
ô㲻ҵɡԪżĶʵ
һЩãȻؿŹԪࡣ
ԪЦЦûнͣͷȥż۾
˳Ʊ۾ԪఴͲסͷס˫˻ĥĴꡣ
ִ͵Ĳһ·¡
ᡢŪģҪֹԪĶ
ȻֵֹıԪ˦סֻۣܵʧڹԪĶ
˶ǹԪģϵдĶϵĶϼ١
СʱڹԪ
ɫϲµ÷Ϣ񶴷
űԼŪϲߵöȥؿŹԪ࣬ô죬ˡ
ԪҶøɾϵʼ磬ϴ¡
Сӣϴ˾Ͳϲˡ
Ԫ࿴ڴϳ컹δȥļصͷҲû˷ѡ
ʲôûԪ˵ûʡ
ûʲôԪҡҡͷ¹ҳ׼õ״ɫ˯ʵ
ҪҪݸ裬ԡס
OO@@ӴŴزΡΡ첻ѣ
Ԫ˵ǰԡȥὫԡ΢Ц費ҪҸ·
˶͸ˣòãԼ
Ԫ˯¸źãԡš
оһ£ƽٶһ裬ϹԪĴɫ˯¡
º죬˸졣
ϴˣԪĥĥشԡ߳΢΢ף۾һĨޡ
šͷȥƹԪࡣ
ԪǼԼ·Цֵˣˮ»ʰɡ
Щȱˮϴˣȥ¸š
áԪ̧߽ԡң̫˷ˮҽͽ͡
ߵðԼ
˯˹Ԫϲϲ£
оôǽһ
ȹԪϲԼڱֻð°
һŵС˶ԪЦЦú˯ұ֤ٶʲô
˲ֱɺá
漾ǺñӣԪҲȫƣƿڼ࣬ƽȡ
ԺЩҽǶǶһ죬СĸεİڿЧ
벻õģᱩȥˡ
Ԫ氲˯һԪԣסĺ󱳣ĺһǣ
šԪӦһͳ˯ȥ
ɫϲ£ӵߵˡ
ڶԪʱ򣬼Ѿ뿪ˣϷŵĺɫ˯¡
Ԫ඼óС˶ôĶӵģ͵ЦЦԪҲˡ
ѵþи죬Ԫۣãһɨա
ЩԺҽȻڤ粻ǾǹҧȥȻؼȥԸ緹ɡ
ԪŹǷ·ϲĵط뻹ǰϲײӵһš
˦˦ֳ֣ؼҶȥ
ṳ̂ԼԺӣԪʹ磬㳹ҹδӴ
šԪνصͷٿʣﻹгԵ𣿡
ԪݱԪģҧгݣûС
ԪˣȵгԵģԼˡӢϴԪƬԪ˵
ԪԹԪݲмЦЦҲ۾
·ϴƬӢԪͻȻ뵽·ϲһ΢΢Щ죬̣·ϲˣˡ
áӢϴҲûôԪ˵ʲôֻӦš
裬㿴磬ҹδ黹ôšԪݲ䵽ӢԣһҪĨڹԪࡣ
Ӣ˿ֳ︡ȫǹԪ촩·룬ЩԾŮã촩·Щ켾Ǽ
Ԫݻһ£û⣬еǸӼֱһģһӦһĿʽɣôãһ·Ҳ֡
ӢҲôģͬصͷ𣬸ղŹԪ˵ʲôæʵղŸ˵ɶ
Ҹ˵·ıˡ
ӢϴƬһ٣æվ


86 ң
ȥ·˯ˣӢһʵ, һ˻˰
Ԫӵ۾ţԪҲûѣ
Ӣ˲øֽ߬, ߬, һֹıչֵ쾡¡
Ӣ˺ܾ, żһ䣬ʩûС
ڳԷĹԪס
ӢһԪ໹ʲô׵ģüͷɿ, չƽʼﱸ°ɡ
ôżɣ˵
Ԫҡҡͷû꣬ڳһٰؼҡ
Ӣ, һ޿̡
У±ճ, 㶼˼ҸɶˣһҪδ, Ů˼ҵҪҪ
ҪǹԪ಻, Ӣͳɨȥ˸ȥ
Ԫ࣬
ǰˡ
ǣ̣͵˯ʲôû, ԪϽ͡
ӢȻţˣйŮһ䷿ֶʢģʲôôܡ
ʲôûǱôģ
Ԫ·ÿ¶ȥɨأҳûУ˵ǵŪģ
Ȼ˵۹ǶģԪ౻Ӣʮ룬հðɣҳôһ㣬ûнеһ
Ԫ˵Լ
ӢϬ۾ɨԪգȷϹԪȷûѺϺÿ١
㶮ִУջǰ˴ưɡ
Ӣ룬Ԫ඼˼£Ҳճ̣ʡùԪ͵͵ġ
ŶԪͷ
ҲҪѼǽˣȻҪģ֪á
ԪûƳ٣ӢĲ٣ϲ̵ؼϴƬȥˡ
Ԫһ԰ľһܵӢԸ״裬㿴һ㶼ܹܡ
ȥ飬˵СӢͲһƺԪϣСӼҼҵĲѧãȻ͵˵
Ԫֱ
Ԫݣ©ˡԪ극ʰãһĹĵعԪݣزһ
ߡԪݱ죬һԼĵžž졣
յůãԪ˰µĹһɣ۾ɹ̫Щ¶֮Ժ
*
ԺԺ칫˿ڽм
ԺѳϽһδɵëͷСȥҽΣδЩ̫ڲʣҲͬ⡣
飬ԪŴҽԺҵ꣬ȥҽԺʵϰľ鶼ûУŷ
Ҳͬ⣬̫ᣬûо飬ʹЩŻϵİΣ˵ʮŸݲһϡ
ԺԼµһҽͬ⣬ҲӯΪѣ˵Щֺγϵļ˷ҪҽΡ
˵Ժ̾Ϣһ
ֱѵôҽκβ˵£һëͷС׾ٵĽ
һЩԸҽ˦˦Щм
ǰڵԽԽ죬ʲô¶
һҽҲŸ͡
ԺƲһֹ̧ۣסǻҪ˵ĻӰ칫ĳóһļ
Ҳû˵ôʮ˵;Լо­ҩʱһɾ͡
칫ҽ׷ļ
ԭҩƣ
ҽļ󣬷׷
Ҳţֻû뵽κľȻһꡣ
ˣвŻǣҲǳ¼˿ĵ㡣ԺϵĲһڲ裬źɫͫЩ
ΪĶңöΪҽңԺҲҲһܹõóֵҽ
Ǿ仰ʹЩŻɳվͨˣʲô£һСܵô
λҽЩͬ
ȻԪ̸ʱ̸оݣҽѧҲʵһ뵽۵˶ҡͷ
̫ᡣ
ٴʮ꣬ͺˡ
Ժȥ¼˵ȥ˵ص£ܶϷ
һʮ꣬Ž˿۾ҽ˵
ƷζŲĿɬζԺҡҡͷˣԼѾͬ⣬ҽҸλ̡
Ѿͬ⣬ҽ㶼ü
⡭δҲЩ˰ɡ
˵ѸߣѾûмͷѵϸ󵨵ĺ󱲾͸ԣʹɣ̨ϣҲԸ׳ҽѧʵ飬ܹϻһɹҲ
Ժ˵꣬۹ﲻԾʪ
ҲǾѣ뵽һΪºպսмǾ壬Ȼ𾴡
ղŻ˲ѻȸ
ΪϵΪǾ壬ǲŸӦðѳϽһ׵
ķԵɴڣϾԪʵ̫ᣬ˵ǡ
Ժ֪Ǻõģ̲סһ䣬ǲȥ𣿡
λַҽɷҡҡͷϵԴ̫⣬һ/ûˣôЩ꣬/ԴΪһ壬ǣһȫԴĵطûǸ¸н¡
ͬģҽҲǡ
Ժٴγ̾Ϣһ
Щ׳ϵĻˡ
Ϊʲôȹҽ
Ͳ㵨ϡ
˼ҽŻ߿ƶ˿գۣһ֢ȥơ
ǻأһͷڹƵģС¡
ֲóϻԽֻǼһĹԪøб
ʵ¸µ̫ˡ
Ȼû˿ڣ¾ʹ˶£ȥҲ𶼸˼˦ɫҿ˵Ǹ˼ҺһҲǺ˼һˣһСӼƽϡ
ԺԺҽԺָƣҽ˶صͷ
ҲǱµĻͷ뵽һδʮ˾ͷҫһһ֪ʲôǰ
Ժһ𣬶ζôȷǳһڶҲʧݡ
ȥҽԺȻҲʧӡ
Ժǹϣǹҽϼ飬ǾǸȥ
šԺס
λҽصԼİ칫Һ󣬶пʼ򸹸壬ǹԪһô͡
ǸĻѻУû˵ڵĻᡣ
ΪԪһ춼ûҽԺ
϶̲סһ䣬Ԫôû
ҽֻһȥ
ֹĹ֣ѹԪ˰ɡ
ԪβӦòˣСƢŶԣӦʲô¸ˣҲˡ
ڶչԪҲû
˵գλҽΣҽԺŸûԪࡣ
λҽסˣ׷״Ԫҵĵַ
ԪڼҹӣÿԪݶ챧ŹԪȥһȦðȰȰȵ/Ϸһӹúòң
գ־˼ĵӻ
ⶫҪԤֻԤһ̨ŵϲ⡣־ŵӻЩùԪ顣
Ԫо˻ӻŪ˺ܾð׻ĻЩɵؿ־㣬ûǴĻ⻹üаװ߲аɡ
־ڴصŹԪĵȥȴһ仰ɵۡ
óӻ֤һˣаװ˵ĵַȥҡ
˵ʦǼҲòˣҸȥʦɡԪֹ˹־Ķ
ԶԶԣͿˡ־ЦԪѵӻָװذװȥ
Ԫ౧ŵӻðȰȰϵ˼
û뵽ʱԪͰѵӻˣ˵ⶫǲ򣬻ΪҪһʱء
ŹԪĶӦ
ֱԪǸʮӢĵӻžַˡ
ôһӻؼôĸͣ
ǼһԶûǮȥӻĵز
ԪӹĲϣżŵӻһʵôˡ
ҡ
ŹԪһʱ˵
ǱԪѯţֲƭֻӲͷƤ˵Ҳ֪ôؼҡ
ԪȻѵӲǸġ
ǡҡҡͷԼҪ涼Щʲô졣
Ԫ֪ԴӴҵź󣬾Ͷִ˲ƣû뵽Ȼչӵĵزˡ
ûеطĻȥҼҰɡ
뵽ϹԪ£һ˿Ȼ
˹ԪҲûбĵطȥֻõͷͬ⡣
Ԫ´ﱧӣҶȥ
һĺԺĴţͿɹŵĴϲʱСЩ̡
ϴģϸ
ԪҡҡͷҼĸϴġ
Դһ죬֧֧ʣǡ֪ǡ
Ԫ̧Ц֪벻֪ɡ
Ԫ˵Ķڰء
˼֪Ҵ˻ҹȴ֪Ҵ˭ɬ
Ԫһ߸Ьһ߽֪ͣÿӵı鶼ڶҵ롣
ͷһߣԪࡣ
Ԫ̵գзӡ
û˹ԪĵңڵӻҵֵĹ߾Ͱһ̨ոµĵӸ˿
ȫöֵģûҪǵµģЩεضԹԪЦЦǫֵ̀ҲС
û£ֻҪϲʮ̨µСԪಢ⡣
ѾñԪȡЦ׼ļûеҪģԪ
΢΢٣·ܹ
ôˡԪ˵ʵ
ûЩ֡ҡҡͷɳаĹԪ࣬ǲԾ΢Ц
ʶԪ࣬ʱܹתԸϱҲԪʶ
ֻǿϧϱӵվǲĹ͡
˻ӻԪҽԺȺѾˣǱضж
һӣר־ӵļһڣһȥҽԺЩ飬㣬𣿡
Եģȥæɡ׵ϲ
Ԫƫƫͷ˼Զ
ЦذԪֱ¡
õԼҪģԪ뿪ˡ
Ԫǰ̤ţžͱŰ״ӵҽΧס
ҽǻˣ֮ǰǶе㲻ҪϣǵҽԺһ˰ɡ
óλҽЩУӦֱӴҽԺܹģ״Ӷûл¡
ԪżԼˣ΢ۣЦλҽôˣǶʶôжԹ

ҽǵЩΣ֮ǰЩΪ˸ԪкûԪԪ಻ʶҲӦõġ
ĹҽǶǾԺҽΪ֮ǰͶеѾʶԼĴ󣬻ҽԭһ
Ž˿۾ҽͦõŵµģŹԪֿصǸ
ԭԪ໹붺ᣬλҽĸǸˣ룬Ҳʲô£ûٵˡ
аɡԪͷʣǲǳʲôˡ
˿۾ҽΪԪʢӦûΪһû뵽Ȼ˺˵¾ͰԸԪ˵
Ͻ绹úõģǳԹ緹ɢʱͻȻεˣ۾˶Եʧ
ڳĶҽͻԵζʲô
ϵĲѾ˶񻯽׶ΣٲƾûµĻͷ
ԪҲ飬ҽ̧߳ţ߱һЩ
ҽǶʵ档
ǿ˳ͣСӵߣҲʡ˹Ԫֳʱ䡣
ȥҽԺҽԺҲֵúܣһ¼˶ڸҽִ
ҰֺúõķҽԺôͻȻͿʼ񻯣ҽԺвУ£Ǹ𣿡
нľϵŮ·ˡ
Ԫҽ·ͷѪһüʵôþײȥ
ʲô㲻ᣬǸ˿۾ҽ˵׼ɡ
ǰԪһҽСʱĻ顣
ΪԪı£ҽԺûµҽ䣬㶼𾪡
𿴹Ԫᣬɣ涼滼߿ǺãµӦʮ
ǰûԤŲ˵ĲͿʼ
˵ǼٵģԺԺ²ԪĿᡣ
СʱȥѾ׼ãҲѵλԪһҪҽҡ
*
һʱעŹԪͼμȻչڽУﲻмֵ⡣
ΨһˬǣѾԪˣԪ໹ǻʱ뼾ᡣ
ףġ
ȻֻԪͼദḶ́͸Щм䣬һƤ
һ뵽Ȼڿе̸˾Ͷ񺮲ѣָľ͸ô϶ʧŶԡ
ҺùԪֻһɣòŸһ𣬲Ȼһ뵽ȻҾ¡
˵žؿһŻµĶ
УҿһйڹԪڶ鲻ȥһ̶ȲҪʰˡ
һ뵽bug飬ͺ޲ð˸ж˿顣
ӣŪĹ󣬺ܿĵعԪţ׼ؼҡ
ʹһϤİŮںܵ⡣
һľګתòƬʧ
ǲǺܸܵԪһ𰡡β֣мۼɲ̫Զ治֪ԪϹ۲ɣȻῴϸˡ
΢΢üôﻹ֪Ԫ¡
˵θӵˣǲǾ͵͵Ķܴ̼
ŭؿΣ˿Ѿ֪߲ơ
Ҳ͵͵һǽб֪˾Ȼһǲǻǰһûƨ/ۡ
ۿЩ졣
Ŷˣûƨ/۵ľһڹԪҲֻ˵ļһûʹˣɳˣӣֻܸЩҤŮһл³㡭
ž
εĻûȥһĶ
̧ͷ񶾵ؿĵʵô£ôҡ
ʱΣգԼϼע˲ٹ⻷ԼٳԲѷҲ
ΣյϢֻȰѹ⻷Ӧţˡ˵ͬһѡ
ֻּðڼϣҴң
žž
Ķ
ʵжΣĸҴ


87 
С÷Ÿɾ, ȻɾͲֹô򵥡
ŭڣǿλǸŮ˵ķϣɾͲֹô򵥵¡
һµðŻζ, Ȼ
Ȼľ, , ҪȥƾûҲҴҡ
λֹڸģһֶסε, һֻץסһѳĳݺһ

γʹغԵӯˮȥ
ϧûϧ뷨ͷһСȥ
£˿ͷƤ, ֲĿð, ҴңҾ㿴̫
֮ǰ, ҲһᣡҲǱúˡ
Դûҹε鷳, ԼԶԶģʹλŮҲɲϷŹ
Ҫ
ƾʲô
ƾһڻ
ѵڻҾûȨ𣿾ͻñ۸
λŮʲôԲ£Ҫ衣
ſң, вŮŮģԶ㡣
һ·ϽСģһ·ͼѼ֡
ϧ˸Ů˵׻ǲһϼ»ŻһѵģãǵûѼĽԼ۵þƣ
㾿ʲôμϽһƫƧСЩ
롭εͷ˿·ʵʵ壬̲סһ񺮡
˵Ͱθ˳ȥ·˲ղŴε֣һģһϣֻǲ˹Ԫķӡ
㣡ŭ˭ϡûϡ
Զ˹ԪļңϵŭŽƽС㣬˵˵ɣҸԩ޳ģƾʲôҡ
벻ͨ͸ûκνΨһһνȥµʱǽеһ֮Ե֮û˵䣬ǴӺ֪ġ
㶼ɵó˵±𣿡Ŵӵطʾ
ͬʱ飬ٲæҽɾ潻ˡ
ݺݵҧҧǼ΢ᣬҲӦԪ֮飬ûаëǮ飬ƾʲôָңСδҲ̫Щ
۾ţü΢סԼļͣҲָ㣬ġ
ӣ촽
Чλ·Ŀŵҷ˵ûȻڵڣܹݵһ𣿵ʱͲ˵ΪĶУ
Ӵ£סͫˣӣʹҲСܰɡ
ЦЦ׵һͳ۲ѣʵ֪Ϊʲôɣڡҡ
˵һֱڹעı飬δڼϿȣĵȻ⡣
ҽǲ㣬ȵԪ¶·󣬵ʱʰ㣬˵ĭӶû
Ϊ
ҧҧֻʹɱ
ãǲЩռһڻҵʹڸԪһܹıЩˣˣΪͻӳ
͵̧ͷεӲѡ
ûƭ㣬ÿ˵жģռֻضٴΣйնԭĽڵ㣬һԪమһջصԭ㣬ɲİˣռغ㶨ɡ
Ϊ˽bugҲʹϧ˵
ͫŸָӵεĻ󷴶侲
˵ģͲңֻҪˡ
ƲƲ죬Ҫô׾ͺˣÿһֻؾͻỻһߣȫ񣬻ȥҲҪܵصĳͷ
Ҫ߸޸bug
ʱ䲻ˣ㲻ΪԼ룬ҲΪԪ룬飬ȥܶĴĵĻ͸뿪Ԫԡ
μضգǿˣǸ޺ķӣ漰Լ£һ㶼ں˭Ҫ˵Ԫһ䲻ãһ׼ҧһ
Ȼץס˼㣬Ը׵öࡣ
뿪Ԫ࣬þع鵽ϱӣȥ𣿡
˵ĻһֶţȻαֵúܳϿңֲ˵ʲôʲô
Σ
ҿΡʵǶԼľԴ벻ͨ
˶ˣĸ
ͷƲһۣӦһŶ
ŬŬ죬ʲôû˵
˵ˡʵ
εͷ
ҪؼʱӣҲڸڻҶѿࡣ
β˵ˣӵϼһשͷɷ˵ȥ
ˣשͷϣγʹغż
ѧŹԪЦǲԿаǸڻңԪǸɣ㶼в֮ģûȥ鷳ѾܶԵˣ㻹ǵ鷳
ζҪˡ
Դ²˳ҪһСڻ۸ʵǲܡ
ϵשͷҪȥҼԴƴҲҪڻҵ汳
úܺá
ϧķӦٶȱݣһߣֳͷһק˾ԭشˡ
ΪͷȴĴͷͷƤоʹֻʹȥ
ҲûҪ뷨ڵþƣͷſεͷ
˦˦뿪Сӡ
ߵһվʶ
ȰȰȴڴ
ŨŨǻʵ˵Ķҵʱ䲻ˡ
ȰȰãҡҡͷҵоƬǻģö鶼ʧˣҲ֪˵Ǽ٣ҴŵһֵϤζ
ȰȰ˵űŴԴʹ룬뵽оƬ̵ðҲûʲô
ָԴ벻ͲҪˡ
żϵᣬȰȰգգ۾ְοҲҪ£ѡŮһ㶼ɵ͵ģôô񶾣û׼˵ٻ㣬ʰ
šѹӦһϵᣬ԰ȰȰ˵ҿɲ԰㣬Ҫѽ¸߹Ԫࡣ
ΪʲôȰȰȲס
ˣҲġ
Լʣµʱ䲻࣬߹ԪҲͽͣ˵Ǽٻ߹ԪҲûйϵ
ȰȰ˼˻ᣬ÷ڼԣʲôΣգʱ֪ͨԪ࣬㲻߹ԪҲûʲôϵ
ΪЦȰȰҲ¶һɰЦݡ
¡¡
ҹͻȻһףҫ˲Ұ׵ҹȰȰȾܡ
Ȼܵһεεڼϡ
ܿ켾ͱһֻ
ˮʪ˼ϵ£صźص壬ÿ˼š
硭
۵һɡţʪ͸ˣϽȥ
ĸʪ͸ŻòУһˮ裬һҩ
ϴԹҩԾ˲٣ڴϻجج˯˹ȥ
֪£˯ȥûã͸ŻƵ
Ͻȥҽƣˡĸһֱڼߣߴż
һ̵شɡܳȥ
öڼë
Ԫ࡭Ԫ࡭Ԫ࡭
պͿˣһֱŹԪ֣ĸŮ˵ĶĪ
衭һֱй˸֣Ҫȥ˸翴ɡ
ӲͷƤԼĸ˵
̫ˣ鷳˼Ҳáĸ˿ɫֿ˿ϵĶӣܾЩԾ
ȰȰȼŸգҲ֪ͨԪ࣬ɹԪǱĽҪͷͻȻԪһпһûˡ
ǰȰȰʲôû
ҽܿ˼ңƿ󣬼Žƽ
ĸҽ뿪󣬿Ŵϼ̲סֹôÿλҪա
޻ϲС˵֣ԺϱóԴװЩĴ⣬ҡҡͷ·׼ȥ˯
ĸ⻰üĶŴϽƽļ˼
裬զ˯ðסˣĸûд˯뷨ŹǷʵ
ĸЦЦǸ磬˯
ȥ˯ˡ
ڶռʱ򣬸оɤ۶ҪðˣһˮѾ͵ǰ
Ԫôôˡ
һˮϰԵʵ
ԲſǹԼң
ŤͷȥһŸ裬ôҷ䡣
ҹܻȫʪ˯˾ͷգ˵ôĸûؿۼ
Ŷεضֿ¼ˮͨ졣
ĸûпͨĶһЦʵô¸Сͬ˯ġ
ǡĿİͰ͵ؽ֪ͣķһһңŴҸһһŴôͻȻ
ĸЦЦû£ͻȻ档
šշģĸ䲻ʵǰЩ㳹ҹδ飬˯˭ˡ
ȥƼĸĻŻţش𣬡˯ѼҰ
С˼ĸһ䡣
šƵصͷ
ЩԾǰǲڵģôͻȻЩ
˵˵СǸ
õ𰸵ļĸƽ뼾ʵ
ѽ裬ôֵֹģһЩеûġЩͷ
ĸһѶĲѣŭôӲ˶Ըˣһȥ¾һ꣬⻹ǵ㡣
ĸһ𣬼ԹˣʵʵԪĺܺãƽʱ˭䵭ģʵĿˡ
ײͰһѹԪĺãĸһ԰š
ȼ˵󣬼ĸ뿪Ц˵Ȼ˵ãܸ㣬£ѧҲ࣬мǣߣٺò
ƽһףըüͷЩ£ɫҰ׻ش𣬡ðɡ
ʲôõġĸȡЦѲɹԪѾ˶ˡ
Դǵҡҡͷ
ⲻͶˡĸļȣȻûжҲûж󣬲簲һû׼ͳˡ
ʯͷԼĽţ֪иԪܶͼ˵ʲôҲ˵Ԫûж
ʮ磬СԶٱ㷹һҲҪĸЦضԼ˵ͶŲѳȥҩȥˡ
˶׵òᡣ
һϵĶʲô°
ԪĸȥԪĶԼĸԪܶ
Ƕ֪ǹԪĶ

ڴץץͷһ꣬ץڴͷϵ鿴
Թ緹ҩ󣬼ĸҪҲûд漾žȥæˡ
*
Ԫһҹɣ۵۾ˡ
ɴҽԺĿմһŴϣ˯ûڵء
ٴʱɫǺɫġ
̧˿ʱ䣬Ѿǵڶ賿ˬ𴲣ҪҽԺȥ
ȴԱס
Ԫ̲סüǳϳʲô£
ԱضԹԪҡҡͷĿǰȻûг쳣ûΣڣԹҽڻ뿪ҽԺ
ԪˣǷأҲΪЩˣţɻشϡ
˯ܾٸʲôҼȥ˯š
ֻϵȰȰȣ˯𣿡
ȰȰȿۻڴϹĵļܿԪ˻
֪û˯Ԫϲĵôôû˯

ܿ켾Ժش
ôͻȻ¼Ļȥ̵¼ԪǵѾִŴ¼ü鷳
̵Ĳһ
ִֵĻڹԪ𣬹ԪҲûЦã㣬ֻҪϲ
š
ҲҪעϢǣڶ賿ˣô˯Ԫ࿴ʱ仹̲ס߶䡣
ûҹá
Ұ˯ö࣬˯š
Ԫ߶ͷһůеĹߣ԰ȰȰȴɫҪ߹Ԫ¡
˵ʵǲ˯šԪ࿴۴Ũҹɫͻ뵽
ûУˡ΢죬м˵
ʲô¡
˫ֺһЩΪѵʮԸз֪㲻㡣
㡣ԪһӦ¡
δĸгԷҲ浽

ԪһڴӦ£ɫ
ڼԥôԪ࿪ȥȥ׵ʱ򣬹Ԫ˵ȻҶ緹ǲǵһؼҳԸҹ
ҹһ̾ţ̫ðɣϾļˡ
ҹҼЪ£ȥȥңҲҼҲ㹫ƽԪû˵ʲôһ˵
ͷߣ費ͬģҹȥ˼ҳԵģڱ˼ҹҹ
ȥĸ˵һ׼ͬ⡣Ԫֱ˼
Ҳ᲻ȥҹİɡԪ
ԽԪԽ޿֣ᰡҵģҵ̵ģܽҼ˵㡣
֨֨֨֨
ĺĥ÷졣
ڼôԪʱ򣬹ԪͻȻûԵɵһ䣬ʮ˰ɡ
ţôˡӦһ
˲˰ǹһ곤һꡣ
ûʲôͻȻЩˡԪüģſյĲȻóҹߡ
ţҲ㡣©һĵĻص
ԪûʲôΪǴ⴫䣬ǹԪͲһˡ
ֱǴԺﴫģԴ˼Ļ
и˶˵һ˭ܵˣԪܲˡ
ԪҽԺĴ¥㣬ҽԺ¥¥
һѳҽԺĴ˺
Ԫߵþòظʵ˯𣿡
ûУҰСʱ


88 
һӰҹԺ¥Ϸȥ, ſڵľԱûо
ҲҿڵԺûнդ¥ȥóҽԺĴš
ԪϢҽԺ
žĽֵϳһ񱼵Ӱӹҹ, Ƴա
ԪüȰСʱ, ɵص۾¹˰Сʱ
Сʱ, ȰȰȵȻԪ

ԪվڼſڣŴ˵üȰСʱ, һһӶС
ʲôϥڱĬĬţͻȻԪĴϢ̲ס
Ԫ๪˫ֳϥϣðһԵϢ, ſڳһ㡣
һӾʹӴϳ, ˼㲻ھҼſڰɡ
Ԫ͵ЦЦ, ûлش
ҵ, ·ЬӾŵسţСشԺţһԴ
Ҽû˺󣬲һЩį
ղŻΪԪء
ų, ʹԪô졣
ʹһϤӵ
ղûпңǲһǺʧ䡣ԪղŹǰѼįı龡۵ס
пϲ²ܲתŹԪľͷʹ䡣
ŷҪѹԪԼȥ
Ԫ㶣ٿõ༾Դôһ첻
ܹζζáûһ㿪Ԫ࣬󵨵ڹԪľš
Ԫ౻Ǹ̼ˣûע⵽ĲԾΪֻԼ
һһµĺ󱳣Сһǲ
˻ᣬϴԼŶ׵ɫЦſһֱ𣿡
źӹԪϴ˵죬һɢɾ
ԪԼϵĴ¸ϣЩԹǸ㴩㣬ô˱
ӣֻʣɵ֣ղ̫֪ԪǲԼ⣬԰Ǿ䴩Զˡ
Ԫ·Ϊղž˶ڼϻȶȡ
ԼͱԪůҲˡ
·ң㲻һǻһɡ
ŹԪֻʣһë£Щⲻȥ
áԪԼ̵סС֣ʵж䡣
㶣˿ЩãȻǽȥﰡ
˵ʲô͸ʲôԪҲһȾʹҽԺ˳ʱ뷨򵥾ܹһ͹ˡ
ڼ֮Ҫʲôȫûд㡣
ҪҼȥ˿ΧڣӰӶûУ䣬йпܱץš
ֻҪԪһ𣬾ʲôɣҲ֮¡
ԪɫȻغ˺죬Ҵ̫Сˣʩչİɡ
ôᡣһûзӦԪ˵ʲô˼
ֱԪЩȻĳ죬Ķһ
ҲûоܾګګǲȥҰɡ
ֵԪྪˣղǶû뵽ȻӦˡ
Ӧˣ
ԪһӾĳŬѹԼ֪Լ˵ʲô𣿡
ľګصͷĩ˻¹Ԫ಻ңѵʮˡ
׹ԪһֱԼΪ̫СʵѾСˣĻ˵Խˡ
ʱĻ˵ˣҲ֪ʱյһֻԪ໹᲻Ⱳ͹Ԫź
Ԫء
˭סİ롣
ڣԪ໹ȷǲһʱ
ڣ޷ˡ
Ԫһһֶס첽˵Ľֵϡ
ӼĽǶȿԪȸէȥCC߸ߵģȴһּȵİȫС
ɬıӣԪǣһӡ
һʱûע⵽Ԫһ̨ףûϣܲҵĹŽţղǿѹƵ⣬˳ŽһӾʹۿ
û°ɡԪϽͷᣬһʱ
ùԪ࿴һ棬ᱻײֻýŽۣ޵øγϣԪ࣬ҽۡ
ģͬҪһԪæض漾ţ𶯣ҿ
һСؾĿȣֻһ㣬Ŵһù̵ָŽס
£ֻǹһ£Ҹ㴵ͺáԪһ漾ȣһ߲š
֪ôģøˣһſŵڹԪͷϡ
ô۰ܵͷ⣬Ԫæ̧ͷ޵øףŵϲ԰ס
ʹҡҡͷſǻˡ
ˣôޡ
ûޣԼʹ۾Ŭٵ
ԽԽࡣԪ֣ͷѼµᶼ¸ɾ
ðѾۼۿеᶼȥˡ
ͲٵˡԪ༾ԴתȥʾԼȥ
ҿԼߡͷЩΣʵղĽŸͲۡ
뱳ұ𣿡ԪЦЦ
˵˹Ԫı
áԪѼԼǰִϡ
Ϊ˲Ԫֻ
żڽֵ˰СʱŵңһѼڴϣЩĽš
ѿӣҸ㿴
һ·϶֮ôʼû뵽Ԫôֱӡ
糺Ķ˵£ǿһ˿ûԼ
Ԫ࣬
Ԫȥ̧Ľſ˿Цζ㵹Ȳ
ԪڿĽףһӾ˹Ԫ˼ö󼦵ˡ
Ҫ㱻ȴһױԪץġ
ĽźõͦġԪǶ׼Ųˡ
šϸӬ
ԪҲ׽һѰӴϱŽԡЦټҲðϴˡ
˵ԪҲûҪȥ˼ż¡
ߵöˮȥҪ£Ҳ͵
ϴǰ˻ల£ϴϴţ֪ô˾ϴһȥ
ԪѼԡҵǽǣͷס˫һһӶᣬһֱǵԪſϷŹ
մˮյϸ˳ĺ󾱣ĺ󱳣ĶȥΡ
˿Ѿȫպ죬Ϣ˵ֻŹԪ࣬˵ͷ
õӦʣԪ˵»պ˶ڴϡ
ɫϲմˮɴɰ죬ε綬ѩ÷һ˲ţӳڲƺů
ôԪס۾شĶࡣ
˫Ŀ⣬ҡҡͷ£ֻҪģۣҲϲ
İ˵룬Ԫֻô˲ըѿֶԾ§˼֡
ܿڹԪͷĽﻹҲдһ˿ǸԾ켾ĲԾ
顢ǲϵԺ׷ܣջսʤ顢Ȼ᲻ãԪ໹ǴӼ


89 
ôˡ˫, ؿ뿪ĹԪࡣ
㲻ԾԪ˿顢Ѿȫȥ۵ֻʣƽ
ƽòƽӣȴļͷƤ飬һ, ȥˡ
Ծŵʿˮ, ɪڱ, Ը⶯
̫顣
ⲻ֪ԽǶ㣬¶ڹԪǰԽࡣ
ûаɡڱ, ⲻ͵
ڼҧϣԪҡҡͷתͷȰȰȡ
˵˵
һԼ۾˵İȰȰͻȻcueһãȻ
ȰȰϸϸĸ첲Ŵ۾, һʲôûп, ʲôû
ԪֺЦץһ·ϣû
ʵʲô
ȰȰȸղȫԱ, ֪Ԫͼʲô
˵ԪһʱҲЩ, ܲʰȰȰȼôôɡ
ĬãԪʣ˵ǲǷʲô
ȰȰ΢㵣û뵽̫ˣܲ, ȴӦ˼˵Ԫġ
ֻȥһֱڱﲻͷļȴһ𰸡
㻰㿴ʲôԪ˿ҳڽѵСӡ
ȰȰȱԪһҲʵ̫ˣ
ȰȰȱףҲٶڱ¶һͨԴԪ죬ʲô¶ûУɹ
𣿡Ԫһ˫ͫż㲻ѵ˫ۣЦЦؿԾͲš
ȰȰȿļֿװͰ͵ĹԪ࣬ĺˣҪ
ûͱԪס
˵Ͱ߼ˡԪקסȰȰȣ׼ߡ
ȰȰڹԪﱻûţȻᱻ
æƿȥԪİȰȰȣʻͺúֶţﻵô졣
һûע˿ûаڹԪٴһͣŰȰȰȵָӽ˽
˵˵˵ȰȰ̫Ŀֲ˵Ҫߣһ㶼Ậ
ȥšõҪĴ𰸣ԪתͷԼԸ
ŶֻúɻرѣСسǣԼʵʵ
ڷĶⲻɵֹˣʵ̫ˡ
ò׹ԹԪ-һأһͣ¡
ȵԼãԪŰѰȰȰȷų˵
ȰȰֻðҼȫ˵Ԫ
ˣԪšüͷ
ҡҡͷЩ˼ûдңȶִ
šԪͷְѼԼģûаִۡ
ٴҡͷμƣۣǡ
죬Ҫ˵Щʲôվʲôû˵ڡ
ԣûˡԪ฽յǰһĶͷ춼ˣ˯ɡ
ǹԪĻ̫ᣬҲһҹЩˣ۾ͳ˯ȥ
Ԫ˯ϵȥÿ£һߴ·һ߶԰ȰȰȵܲڵλã
ԡȰȰȱ۾һ¶λҺλھǣϵͳҪŮһˡ
Ԫհ·룬ȰȰȾͰѵַ˳
ţ߰ɡԪ಻֪ʲôطһҽƹ䣬óһ˫״ã߳Ҵš
һҹѾһůӶůģ̾һӡ
ֻаȰȰȱ̫һգ̲סһĪؾе䡣
ߡ
ԪȰȰȲҵ飬굽Ԫ
Ǹο²öԸҴŵһɺΣյζȰȰץŹԪ죬ѵ
šԪӦһ߳ҵĴţ뵽ʲôʵҶԸ𣿡
ȰȰգգ۾һؿԪ࣬ٿֱûϲ
Ȼڹ

ȰȰȿĵöҪˣ̫ף̫ףݷ꣬Ϲˡ
ȰȰȼöҪʹ飬ϵͳռװϲá
ôˡδԪʡ
ûȰȰץ˹Ԫ죬Ҳ֪ʲôӰ죬Ůһֵֹֹĸо
֡
ѡŮһ㶼ɵͣٲҲǻһҵģλŮϣִƭԵĿŵĻ
ȰȰԽ˵ԽòԾ
šԪҲͬԣҶԸ𣿡
ûаװİȰȰȱԪٴιĶļһ£ͻȻʵ̫ãȻֽҪͷǵ
֪ûǲҪŪ
ᣬھ˺鷳ԪɫһɣߵſڵĹվ£ĬĬصȴĵ
ڹ𣿡ȰȰȱԪͻȻĹĸ̼̲סӴЩ
ûСԪʸڷϣúãʧȥһѡ
飿
أ̫жˣԭѾһп޵ߣǿԱӵ顣
ҪǰȰȰûийϵͳڶҸԪһıᡣ
ԴӱڻҴ֮󣬾Ѿûгˡ
žﻹ׵գʵʲĿڵ
ûнӴԪ಻˵һڻҴǲǸ˶԰ȵ£
ͿڸǺףŵȻȥʱҺúüƻƻһɫơ
ϴˣɾͲ׾ٵطŹ
ŹԪ߽ڵ飬ͣط
Σ￿Ѹ롣
δʧɫʲôΣ
ҳͣطԪоֹԾֽϣֻܼ¼һЩֻֽƬȣûа취̽ġ
ϢȵεڣεɫһףǿȻԪˣʡȥˡ
һǴŵġ鷺ɫҳϵֶʺȥɲ
ʲôŮǷɣҶһԵͷ
εĵ㣬ŮԶɲܻģ
ҳ˲ҪǸˣһ
ûа취ֻһһز䷳뿪
α˵÷꣬ݲʰ˼·׼뿪ųûͱһɫµĸ߸忡ס·
סʶˣڵȥũ·ϵʱйһ֮Եĸйٲѡ
飬鶼ҪˣϽܰ˶վǰˣŸ
ǹԪࣿסƿڴ㵱ȥũ·ôҡ
Ҳû뵽ɻԶıߣʱûˣĸйһ֪
ϺáԪ΢ЦŶδ˸к
εĿӹԪƵϣǸ˵İɫҽҩ䣬ҲòԾʿˮҲʶ㣬Ҫʲô
ԪΣЦЦƽС㲡ˣֻС㿴


90 µ
û, ҪνŵöͷðˣŲԾ
Ȼסһ㲻ãһͬ, Ψһĳ·ǹԪվĳڡ
û·ߡ
飬Ԫûǰڻɡһ, һԪڻʱ䡣
Ԫڻϳһʱ䣬ʱӦòԼʲôس嶯ɡ
ƫ, ǰΪҲǲܡ˿ҲЩë, ΪԪй޵ɷ, һǿҵΣϢ
Σ
κԵĺ£ԪҲû⣬ֻЦ, ͨ˶Լв, СɣϾҽ, רҵġ
Ц, ȴëȻú, Ƿʹӵ
û, λҽһϴˡκ˼ԪԭزûжӴ˵㣬仰Լܡ
뵽ܻؼҰһ, 취֧ԮԪҲκβ
ϧνʵЩãղųŵʱϸš
ֻòִҴææӰҳԿţȻʱһֱվԭûжĹԪڿŲˡ
ˡˡˡ
ЬײſҶɳɳֳƵ죬εĴԸ߶ȽԿ׵졣
òҳԿףֶԲ׼Կ׿ףĶͷϼ飬ϸĨϵķۣ˿ѾˮˢױһķƤ
ȻڵעͲ棬ϵԿײۡ
㡪ٿһ㣡
ҲϴߴΣھһϵƣһپ٣һ
ΪһûʵϵͳֻܸδʵԵİֻܲͣشߴ١
죡αżٱһߣ͸ӻˣɵúǳ
첻˵κܿҵԿ״ţϸһĨٺЦݣǰһӰ
ˡˡˡ
̧ͷξ֪ߺˣŵûɢԿҲɡ
εĺ¹ԪûпһʿعνڵϵԿ׼΢ЦС㲢Ǻܻӭң
ֻƼ˹Ԫ΢ĴǣͱһǿӲûûС
ȻûУСβҽȥԪЦЦؿΡ
áβΡΡش򿪺ľţͬʱî˾ŹԪһţʹܵ
εļƲ߷ǳԪҲһֻѾ̤Ժš
ȻתҪʱԪȴ䲻ַʣСҪȥģ
Ѿת˰ӵŵתأȻĲǹԪǺɫıӰ
ֱŵͷƤ飬ŷĲǹԪĺ󱳣һƤЦⲻЦ
μܲŵôԷһð취
סƬͬȻ˲Ǻܶ࣬ôҼһˣ峿˲٣ڴ׼˳ȡ
뵽촽΢Ҫ

һ£һ£ܲңε챻ԪǴ׵ָס˳ƸϽȥ
Լ򿪵ңֻܸɵۣԹ޵ؿԪࡣ
ԪĶ䣬ϽԺӺýŴţӺɫµĿڴͳһ˸ýʵʵ˼·ϡ

εһ˫ۣŭضԹԪţȻʵ̫С͸Ԫȥ塣
꣡
Ԫҽóһѹĵʳָڴϣÿ¡
ŵֹסҡͷ̲ס䶯
£ֻǸС㿴ҪġԪεĿܣƽʱԻ߰
Ԫһӣ˭֪ʲôµľٶ
ӲУ
Ԫ࿴ڵһֱ䶯Σ̲סšüͷ
룬δӵ˿ûϧİԺϣͷֱӰͷסˡ
ϵδ˿̿ȥһӼ¶ͷƤ
ֱӱԪľٶſˣһſŵڰƤµϡ
̫ˣ
ı̬
βҶˣԪһһЩӲֱۣǰѹĵԡ
飬취۳ŵӾҪԼͷֻ顣
ж0.001%0.002%
鲢ûлشεĻֱ׼жˡ
ϣǰһڡ
ɳɳɳ
ٴֻԼͷƤһѾһĺڷ
μֱţԪȻڸͷ
һͷԪǳ÷ͷƤܹ⻬ʺϿư
βŸһӣԪ⻰ٴ˹ȥ
ԪƲƲ죬Щ̣治š
ȰȰȴӹԪ·˫ֺʮĬ롣
˵ǸˣϵͳҲķŵˡ
ףΪʲôԪᱻѡΪɣΪһ鷴ɵӡ
ιȥԪһݸҩҩҩЧһͰ˴ϽϽĴϣʱһ̨
￪ءΧĿռ䶼󣬹Ԫ֧°ͣſԴ˼״
ȰȰȿεĹͷֿ˿ȻԼµĹԪ࣬ĬĬضԶԶģӡ
һĪøϵͳ
ţԪεĹ⻬ͷƤϻһȺ󣬾ʹҽﲻϵóһһںá
ΪҽԺûиҽڣһжÿԪԼԹԪֻðѴҪõĹ߶˳ڷ룬÷
ܵԪĶǺ޲ԼܹжصĶȻôʱȥжص0.11%
Ԫһ׼󣬾ƾֱοư
ԲԴ򿪣׼ȷشӺ׵ĳλüгһųһӲӵоƬ
Ѿص50%ϵͳ
ʱ䣬ԪҪθӵĴаҳҲҪʱһȵԪҵڵλãʱж֮ززԪʲôҲҲ
ȻԪŴεԴûӾͰ׼ȷҵˡ
ⲻѧ
һĬİȰȰҲһ
ȫ̿ŹԪжģΪԪֻοưԴװþǲǶû뵽ûԻ䶹ҳһͬࡣ
ͬಢϵͳ˵µϵͳ
ǰһȳȥʸڵصȫ档
ڣԪȡϵͳַۡ
ͺѾҵ̨ҽһγҵ
ûƾ鰡
̫ˣ
ޡȰȰ˵̲סƨɺԲڵߣЩë
ţԪӦһǯϵĽɫоƬסֲŲæۻȥηͷ­
ô֪ԴҲиϵͳġȰȰ뻹ûʹԪַΪôѡػʵ
ԪûлشηϺͷ­ϸϵΣ˹ػش𣬡µġ


91 財
һʱ䷿Ĭ, ˵εε΢죬Ҳûκ
ϵͳԪס, κβˣҲ
Ԫæε, תͷȰȰȣݵʵ, 㲻ȥͬкô
ȰȰȻַΪ, էһԪ, ҽڵϵͳоƬ
ԡˡ졪顣
ȰȰȹ۲ú󣬲Ŵ𻵵оƬϳ㱻֡
ȰȰʶҲͬһͨоƬһһ
ϵͳ˵ϵͳ, Ǵӱ͵ɹġȰȰȹ۲, ֱӾͶԹԪ
šԪҲǿˣȰȰȺڵϵͳͬΪһ˾Ļ, ͵ͬԼ˴Լˡ
, Ԫ˫Ŀ΢, ϸ˵˵
ȰȰȷǷɵؽ֪ϵͳһֱγɻݻĹϵ, ޶ëɱȡѵ¡
¶⣡ȰȰ˵۾еЩ˾ûô, רðŮȻһһեˣǰϵͳǡ
Ԫͷʣ˱եɻ
Ȼ綼΢һĴƻ´Ϊ˼ĽԱΪҽ
ȰȰ൱ߣҲ˵жҪ˵˵˵ѵһ㶼ô
Ԫָ΢üͷ΢һ䣬սô
ȰȰȻΪԪԥػش𣬡Ȼתһǧڲᷢȫģս
Ԫıòһ£뵽ǰ༸ʮսûһɰĻǶľʵػţоһŵ֮
ȰȰûдӹԪϲʲôԣǰͳΪϵͳһһ
Һܺ棬ϵͳ˹Ͻڵ磬ô͵ɹģʱ˵ֻһ簡
ȰȰ˵ԹԵرͷȥŬҪһЩоƬܹ𻵣һоƬ죬ŵٶ
Ԫĺɫ΢ӰȰȰȵĻץסһ˿С
ûĻ֮ǰȰȰȴ˵ǻ᲻ֻصģԡ
ԪཫĿŲƻϵͳϣӦ֪ʲôɡ
ȰȰҲĿתصϵͳϣȴ
֪ڽӣһֻϵͳԲϵͳ͸¶һ˿һϢ
ģԪûĸģЦһҽ﷭ƾƣӼоƬ׼ھƾ˿
ȰȰȿû
ȻǵоƬ̲ߣоƬϵɾͲһˡ
һ˻ƤӲȥ۾ҲʧҲۡ
ֻ΢΢һ£ƾԪھƾ˿
»𡣡ԪҲûʧϾղֻССһʵ顣
ĸ߿ƼһССľƾƸŵʧ
۾תҵǽϵһȦߣ˵ҵƵĿشжߣĽӿڣоƬȥ
ȻΪϵͳҪ㵼ĲϣԪؽӿڵм䣬úܵƵĿ֡
е㺦ˣǵϵشоƬﵼȥֵǵоƬϵðӡ
ùԪҲĥһᣬ¹ֻҪͦӾͺá
úԪһƵˣڿشܵĦ󣬾Ͳٹעʻʡ
ȰȰȣ
飬
ռʱȷߵʱҸĵطܡ
Ԫ൱Ȼþͼõ220Vĵѹκεĸ߿Ƽֻǿ˳ۣҵˡ
ȰȰԴκģţȻˣ
찡
ȰȰȸ˵öԼԼһڵ̻ȫȻǵԪľٶͲͰ߸˵Ŀ־塣
ĵΣ½ҡԪָμһĸָ꣬û󣬲ŷĴ󵨵ػλϣϢ
˵ģûаҽеķ­սе󣬵ֲʲô˲˳ֲˣ˵ûʲôӰ졣
ԪǱȰȰȽѵģڴͷĵѾȫ꣬Ԫ໻ƿּ˯
һֱ˯βתѣʱ۾һ̵ã޴Ŀ־ͫ
ˡԪ΢Ц
㡭㡭㡭
Ҫ˵ȫûа˵ͷʹ˵һ仰͵һ
Ԫ˵ļûΪȥ¶˲
˼ªĻûγɰ׳գͦġ
ԪͦãŶζ֣ոһ­ԴóһСڻ˵Ϊ
ԪǾ֣ͫ޷Ŵɿ߷Ŵﲻͣشź˶ֿ־Ĵ
Ҫӣƫƫ¶Ϊͷʹࡣ
ʮӺβиϵͳżĵһһغ
ȻβôУ鶼ûٻӦֵǣ֮Ƿϵǲһ
ԪƽϢ󣬲ŰѷڿشоƬСȡǰС𣿡
СԼģȡСָܻܿԪվεĴǰЦòã˵˸˵顣
ȻûмϵͳоƬϵͳԺӾ͸ǰоƬһģһϤĸоһ۾ϳϵͳ
־ٴðļ䣬˿Ѿµȫ
֪Ԫ̶ֳ̬ȣҲ
˵ֻһ
м򵥣
Ҳ˰ɣ
κµʱҵĴͻȻ죬һ긾Ů˽
ͻȻһĨ⣬ˣоˣ
ȡֻûд³긾Ů;ֱԪǰϹϾҽ
һͬԪһģ
ãСѾ˹һʱ͵鷳չСһˡ
Ԫ࿴긾ŮһҺʱ뵽βоͽλҾƽְɾӹæ
鷳鷳չ˸˲Ѷ¡ӶŹԪЦúͰúܣλҽܴ󷽣һ־ʮǮչ˲˰´´ˡ
ԪͷһԵŮʿǮ¹ضεСļҲҶ֧λӵĻҿǷδȡȵ㿵ʱ㡣
£ֻܶԹԪɵۡ
ԪֶӽһŴεǮϵͳȥ
εȵԪԶȥܾ֮𽥻ָЩǰͰӷȣҽǱ̬졭
ӾȵؿΣͷ¶ȣֹ֣ⶼˣô財ûкá


92 
ڹԪ˯һ, ѵʱ, ĺɫѰ뵽Լһûлؼ, ˿϶ż, ֻøԪҴһֽлؼҡ
Ԫؼҵʱ, Ժ˶ҷˡ
ϵľԱһʱȥйԪ࣬򿪷ţûп, һ˺Ĵڴ⡣
˶֪ˡ
ԺҽȫϵĲȫλļ飬֪ϵȷʵû˲Ŵһ, ȥҹԪࡣ
˶ûͨȻԪǸ汾µģﻹҪҹĺµԽҽԺߣ
Ѳʲô֮
ҹԪһ, ־㶼˶ùԪһǾԼʧܣηǱӡ
Ժ׼ͨʱԪſҽԺſڡ
˿۾ҽǵһԪģ˿ԺĴǰһСʿʲôһ̧ͷͿԪϤӰһۻԼˡ
̷ּӦԭ, ֪ǸȽˣǸȴк
ԪûһͷкȻҡڵ߽ҽԺ
ҽȵȡ
ֱӱԪľֹˣϵĲ첽׷ϹԪࡣ
Ԫһ٣ôˡ
ԪһƵӣ︹̲ѣǻԪ൨ӴǸ˵ûӡ
һԼ飬ЦʵʹҽΪҪҽԺ뿪
Ȼ澡ʵƽԪ໹Ǵвһ˿Ѱ
ͻȻ뿪ӦǾ˲ˡ
ԪЦЦûʲôЩ˯ҽԺĴ
ô򵥣
һ
Ϊ˯ҽԺĴԺȫҽԱ龪һһ㱨ͨľж󰡡
ˣǱ𣿡ԪȻߵѾȫԺˣǳǱߵҲӦʱ㱨
֣Щ㱣ȻԪ²أò˵Ǹбµġ
Ŀǰ״̬ܺãӦþͿˡ
ԪĵطֲڹڸûҽҸԪ಻ңɹˡ
šԪͷһ·ߵϵĲ⡣
ûϵľԱͲһľ
ᣬҽûηǱӣֻǻؼҲ˸˾治òӲͷƤԪ͡
ԱҲǿڳûΣյ²ûеԹԪɱȻԪ˿̿¶ѾǴɸˡ
Ԫ಻˼ӣǣſ˵ЩʲôͻȻһ¾Ϳˡ
ˣ˵߳һλҽĻû˵ͿվſڵĹԪ࣬ϲҽã㡣
˵ҲΧ˵ķӦһͰѹԪ
˿̾ˣڴ𽥻ָϢĳϺʹԪҽ
ĳԪߵʱҲû
СҽˡϿԪ¶һĨο
Ԫಢûоܳһһϵ塣
ܳɹûʲôֻǳԺҪྲ
΢ЦҡҡͷԪ˵Щҽͬ˵ԪಢҪԼ顣
СҽЩ˵ϻָһ󣬻
Ԫ˳£ϴ
СҽҽûھǷչ֮ǰԪ࣬ѧУʱ򣬳ɼһҵ󲻳Ҳ
ǳڶ/ļɻֽ߱ɽջ󣬲ѡȥ¡
ƾ˸߳ҽȥ紿˷ѣϲΪһЩսĹһЩ˲š
Ԫ΢΢Щ㵣û뵽ĵһ¾Ȼ
뵽ºͼһͬȹʱ⣬Ԫ൱;ܾ˳ϣǸɢߵˣϲԼ·Щ
Ԫܾû뵽ԪȻܾôɴࡣ
ͲҿϴȤ
ˣǮġԪڲȱǮϿһҲĶ
ϵɫЩݣҪھأ
Ԫšüûи㶮Ϻ«ʲôҩ
ӣҽܺã𾩳ר˵Ҫϲֹһǰ㣬ѵͰ뷨ûУ
ϴĿ⾼ŹԪࡣ
ԪüﴧųϵĻ
סԪ֣ǵ۾ﷺ⣬ᣬᵽܶ˸Ͳ˫ܹ˸߳ҽǵĹҪвŻˣ
Ԫ겻ɵüˣһ浱óӣвŻȺ
ԪĻһ䣬ԱߵҽüһͲǰסԪ졣
⻰˵
ȻϲûԪƽϣֻƽעŹԪ࣬˵ЩҶҪ׷вʺ磬ҲӭҪ⡣
Ԫüͬ
㲻һƾҽò˼ܴ컪ҽϹʣҪ˲š
˵̾Ϣһ׷󲢲ڴˣͷӵ°Ҳãڤ粻ҲգֻҪǵұøٺһЩŲЩһᵫȴȾ˺Ľʿǡ
߶߶˵һѻҲûҪǿȹԪ£ֻǺܱ΢󣬵ֱ˵˯ȥҲûдӹԪҪ𰸡
Ԫֻһͨ˵Ļ˿󣬿϶ͿصشӦ
ҽԺȥҹԪ˵õϢ½½ˣ־ҲˣվҽԺſڵؼҡ
һĵĹ־㣬ԪʮΣڳ嶯ʱ򣬸ûЩļˡ
û¾ͺãߣһȥһѡ־֪Ԫһ㣬ЦЦ
㣿־һЦԪҲЦ
־ӲҲסҪȾƵģ߿㣬㣬Ӫ±˿ɾ򲻵ˡ
صңԪಢû־ȾƣǰѹԪݽϸȱĳߴ硣
ҿ͸ɴˣԲźáӢ˵ȴһ԰ԪͷȹԪߴ硣
ùԪֱۣü۳ӢмƣǴʯͷġ
𶯣ǶдԪĹԪڻζͷ㿴ͬѧĳЦû޿䣬ɼ̵Ľжɹ
Ԫ˵ӢӲ磬˵úҾǿ˳㣬ϲ㡣
ЩϲĹԪݣʱȵףΨһֵ˵£ԲãҪȻͿ޸ơ
ԪాһͨԪݵ֬ϸʹĥ͸һ
Ԫװ˵¶࿪ˣÿ˵Цʱ򶼹⽫¶ҫӢ붯ָˡ
йԪÿȥδתԺȥϼ塣
֪͵˴ʮ
εǻָˣʵʲ£Ԫͷ­ָ֮
֧ӡӣһͷа̵Ĺͷ֤ȥ־ٱԪǷ˶
֤֤ڣ뿴Ԫ̬ôѣ
죬Ϊ֮ǰԪӦ緹һؾ´磬ȡδĸһӡ


93 
ԪݿŽ촩øɧĹԪ, һûסĭ
, 㴩ҪȥԪ۾Ҳˢ, ѯʵ
ȥɩ, ԪĿڹԪݵϣкâէ֡
Ԫݻһ, ڨЦûҰٷְ֧, ʮ㲻ҹ𣿡
ϻ
ǰɩҲ¡ԪǸС˾һת˳˵, 㶼ȥɩӼҳ緹ˣҲɩǡ
Ԫд⣬Ԫݵ˵ͷ
ԪҲһ˵, û뵽Ӧˣ뵽ͿԼδɩĻŭȥ˵˵ϱòˡ
˵ͱı˳
Ӣ˹ԪݵĻæӳҪʹԪ˼ҹϲãֻԪȥıӰ
ֻжΧȹߺŹ־ȥ̳Щ
˼ææµµиδϱ׼Ҳͬˡ
һ缾Ҿֵò, һ˵˽ڼҹǼǶ˼꼾ˣǮһС˲٣ҲǮꡣ
ʵͽĲӦֻ֪꣬ɵЦĸŮڳæµлҲڳ԰æ
Ůһ࣬Ͷ֪࣬ĵ˻ϡ
ʮ˰ɣûд󰡡
ĸеĹһ٣ЦŻصӴԼע⣬ҿɲ֪
ץõĹɱñ˼ȥˣɾˡ
ҲǼı㣬ʮ껹ûൽһ˼ңⲻݶڰɫ
˵ɩ㲻˵иʺϵģ࿴ôû
һ֧Ŷ͵ļջת棬ε㼾ıǸ⡣
ľĪܼңһֱԼɵЦ
Ѳ˵׶ǱܲɣɲУѧУܽ׽顣
ȥСû
ڼͼ˶εòеʱ򣬼ĸĻɫһɡ
ɩӣС˾˵ʺĵǸҲȥ
ֻôżĳȥӹԪࡣ
һ·ϼһ˵ֲ֪Ӻ˵ģüƲѣܣǲʲô֮
ű룬һܲҪľ
㣬ʵ˵׵Ǹѣжˡ
ڼľȵע£ӲͷƤһûü裬ԡ
ҽֻ߸ҶƲƲ죬ҲûҪ濿׽飬ֻβŴӦµģ֪Է⣬ķһ
ţ㣬ԲˡֻһͷҪΪҲѱ
û£ûСˣҲᰲˣȻ˵ˣҲżȥ߶Ĳûο
˿ЩֵĽֵ֪ԪȥҽԺ󣬲ŻңĲȥ߶ﳵȥϰĵطȥ
νֻҪȥЩߴð˴߶״¾ͳɡ
ںгȻö˶ûгƱ򲻵ггĵطеġ
˸һгԪڵԺ
ŸһԺſڣͼһѾѹԪΧסðгһţʹҴææܹȥ
λͬ־ӹøһˡ콫ԪΧס׼ߡ
Ԫոϼϳ£ĪͿһѾΣʲôס
ͬ־λҪңԪЦЦʵ
ûϵͳβ֪Ԫҵַֻ֪ԪҪԺϿԾʹžû뵽ϹԪࡣ
ûԪ֮ǰеģԪе㺦£ǹԪЦı;ͷƤ飬ǹкͿ־ѹͷƲסҪܡ
Ԫ಻Ӳܻǳò˵鶼˲٣ͷش
Ԫ໹δ˵ͽ˹ʣͬ־ѷʲô¡
껰Ϳһߴ󾯲Σɵһ㶡
ż첻Ͳһϲˡ
һͷں㷢ûˣһñҲβסճһ㷢硣
ԭ˿һ۾ԲλҲûˣʣµֻһݿµԼһ˫ն˫ۡ
ϴֺԼǸҹãʱǷʲôű˲ҡ
ûͨͱλشϣСͬ־벻Ҫ谭ǰ칫
ʮȺǶٽ᰸ȥԲͻȻ·ɱҧЩá
ԪҲʾ⼾¡
ڼʱ򣬾ֶڸߴ󾯲챳ȥˣﰵԹޣҪΪô䵽˵ز
ʰ˹Ԫûʰ
ţԪЦŶԼλ˵λСҵĻһûȥȡ뼸λһȡ
λЩͷƽʱץ˾͸ˣԺſڣ˵ӿ
ԺſڰѹԪΧסһ˵ע⡣
ԺɲһͨԺסŵ˶ǸжҲ̫ģĿ
Ԫ֪ЩԱҲףֵЦͬ־ģҲܣҲԻȥҵλѽȥҴС
գҹζ࣬һǸߴ󾯲½ǣҪͬ⣬ߴ󾯲ŹԪൽܵȨͽЦǾԵ鲻Ըص˵ͷ
˹Ԫʾ˵Ժ壬ҵһλҽȥԪİ칫ңȡһļ
ŵĹԪ࣬Ҳûļݣͱܳ˹Ԫࡣ
Ԫ鼾ûô󣬽еļΪ׵Ǹ٣ͬ־Ŀ
ٽŽɵؽӹļ˷ȻʮֹؿһΡ
αٿ̲ס𺮲
ԾԪеǷļһйŹ֣ҺпǶĶ
˿Ҫǰȥ˺ļѾˣܣնҲо˶
ǽ첻Ӧеصز顣
ҽǲʲô¡ھͬ־ǻڶԹԪϵļɵʱѣΧ
оĿ뻮һؿ״ӵ棬Ŀⶼ΢΢һ
λҽλͬ־ҽԺҽΪ׵ľȷӦģʵ
ֵؿһٰۣҽҽԺϵһ⡣
˵ҲӦȺڻɹԪҽʵԣֵǲţҿ԰Ժеҽг㵱š
ˣšΪ׵ľҡҡͷЦֻľ죬Ժ˶ǸǵˣԲ˶ߡ
˵꣬תԸնӡ
٣μֱţԪƾһļȺˡ
λСˡٻؿΣԪʵҽ˽ô
ԪЦǺǵؿΣȻĲûкãǾ;ԺʱѺʡٵܣ


94 
һ, εĴֱӱԪĻըú¡졣
, ûз裬ûо񲡡ֻܰϣڼλ, ָŹԪ֮, Ǳ̬ǷҶ, ͷϵİ̾ġ
˵˵ͻȻӺڰץסһ˿ؽڸǹͷñȡ¶ԴϿɲİ̺۸˿
֤, ǲᱻȥԺġ
ԻȷһעӣΪ׵λȴûп
΢ЦŶԹԪ˵һλСо񲡣Ͼоֹͬ, ȴˣȻвָԼҽǱ̬ͷ˵
ٵЦζ, ֻ÷̲ѣ˫ۣҧŴ˻ƵģͲҵʲôҽû, Ҫʲô
εĺҪԼĥƽ޲ȥԪҧ
ԪҪҪء
εĭӲһҪ絽ԪϣԪҲգղŵļ̯ǰС㲻ǵҲûйϵ㾫õʱǩС
ô᣿εĿŹԪĻڲĩβǩּ֣һģһ
⡭ⲻܡαͷ˵ʲôҲǩݲ
С㣬벻ͲҪˣԴŸնҪԪ΢΢ЦЦЦüᣬΧֵ˶һЦ
һҽ
ᣬûзŭοˣɼҽ¸С
һ˫Ѫ۾ԹؿԪ࣬˺ѷε죬ɵĶԲԣԲԣ
پԱ߼ͻȻԹԪ෢ѣԸŮ˴ӹҽ
ŹԪ˳ƾҪȥԪĲӣҪҲҪ汳ġ
ŲӵĹԪǸЦݣͷζС²õҵĲǼٵˡ
㶣ûзӦԪ˵ʲô˼ͱ˴ӹԪ
Ǽٵģαģղ׿ڸҵģαţͻȻ
ܿϧȴûĻϾղεıֱּûʲô
Ԫ಻Ժǹ׳ϵҽ˻񣬸ôǸ̬
һε֢
һ·ȭߵñλϾϣ׼ȻԺ
Ϊ׵ľŴһΪŮǹֿˡ
Ҫֵ֪Ǿֽһ˱ɹˣҪЦ
ٶԹԪ౨ǸЦЦҽԲסǼ첻ܣ˾š
Ԫҡҡͷʾû£ʮкص˵Цˣ˵ûпò˲ҵʧְǴʮϢҪϵĵطһϡ
ˣԪ˵ִ·ͳεŮʿǮλС֮ǰļҲҲûãԺĿʿܣҲżЩʳ
ԪĻ˵þοѣк̸¶˲ףȥʱ򲻹ڳϽֻͣڷ
ôҲû뵽ǱһȺͽɭɭľ񲡡
Ҳ˵ġ
ʱҽƲܶںͨļûйƣ˵ھо
ʱԸѾ;Ժ˻ٵÿסھԺɭ˵㣬Եò㣬ò㣬ûʲôá
*
žȥ˼Ƭ̣Ȱ˹Ԫ䣬ҽҿɴ໹ھǱȽϺãȻ´ιҽ¾˲˿û˸֤
ԪЦЩΣΪÿ߶Ժ˶֪ҪǵĺôҪȥʺ£˭ŻᶼȰ䡣
ܣû°ɡǸ鷳ģղżоڲǰ֣һ߲ŷżҴҶµгǰ
û£㣬һСᡣȫǿôģô᲻׹Ԫ˿ӵļЩСۡ
Ŷû¾ͺáҪгЩ׼˵Ҳʡ
ɵյͷгͷͲʹĹ˹գŵɿгԼҲ󱳳ˤȥ
ڸԪ˵һĻ첽ǰ׼סˤļģСģ
浽׻һˤȥʱպõؿڣҲһˤȥ
šʲôġ浹ȻҲˤڵأôıˣﲻ֪ʲôʱץһʲôĶ
泯죬ǰһֻ֣Ȼ˾ˣա
Ժſڣ֮ͥ£ȫˣ
㣡ĵȥʱҪȥĵģмгûĵ֣ľ͵ȥ
ĸϽߺ˦ǰ֣һԴӵؿڣͷûˡ
û°ɣ費ҪҽԺ顣Ԫ˿Ժû˺ֿʵ
û¡ĵͷֱҡͷҿղžˡ
汻Ԫһֱͷ׸ղŵǸʲô
ŵֿ̧˿Լ֡
ֲԪֺÿʤڳԵƽ˵ҪԴЩ
ղһ£һ¾Ȼûס
ٿȫûжӣ󲻳
ľþò̧ͷСʵû£
û£ʱ䲻ˣǻȥɡĲҰԼߺ̧ҲԼұǰ
Բ𡣡ʶԼղźĸ˻µĳϿҵصǸ
ûϵĵͷûпֻǰ״ӵ½ǣ֪һλҽ󣬵𽥷ſˣ˵ҽﶼûŮֵ֮ġ
ߵʱ򣬼ĻǹСһлл˵ͣشӵϼгһˡ
ڴʲôգԶȥıӰû㶮ôһ¡
֪Ԫʼ磬һгĺʾ⼾ȥ
г棬治ȥ§ԪֻССؾ·
áԪ˵§ǰ뿪ЦҪ㱻˦ȥҿɲ𡣡
ĸյһͱԪĻõȻ޴棬§ԪһҵŲء
Ųŵöֻ˲֪Ԫͷ§֣ЦŶҽ
šá
ֱԪ඼żԶȥˣ滹ԭأԼ֣һŵӡ
ӹԪչι̵öۣе䣬ͷұϣַŽ¶ů͡
ŵʱϴһĸ֯ĺɫΧԪ˵ڹԪĲϣĶ䣬ֽΧϳ˳ס䣬ûкһ㡣
öˡ
ǲǻ䣬ҪЩģ׼Լϡ
ڴ˵⻰ࡣ˵ԪִȤ
һʱûгôڴԪ಻Ц˲˸죬·Ԫ
ǡԪһСˮгض˶ŵüɣµĹԪĺ󱳣Сĵ㣬о
ԪгŲæǣAûá



95 
˴ֵҵʱøϼҿϯԷ
ıǿһ
˿˵ĿⶼͳһԪͶ
˵˵Ԫ˲û, ߸, һ覴õò˵һ۾ǰһ
ֿ⴩һȽʵ·ôӺݻվڼƾɵſڡ
ԺӶ˲ߴ
, ͦ, ôһ
ҵ˲۷˹Ԫò£һּ䲻ϹԪĸо
׻ԼֶŮ
ܹɾ, ǵȻϡ
ǼԴ̫ϣò׸ǴһµĻᣬȻ֪ϧ
ոձ˿͵ļĴ˿ȥԪ, ͷڷԹԵļв˳ԣԵûòˡ
һòС
ż޲ɣ
Сˣ
ĸҲԪò޵Ҳ˻ͰĿתƵԼҶϡ
ʵӳҲ, ԪվһҲǲʶãǸ԰Щϵ·̫ͨ
űԪȥ
ǴԪһ, ôûע⵽ӡ
ĸЩɬЦкԪ
ǺáԪǴˢøеģһøĨһ˽еС
ҲáԪкѼߵλԪࡣ
İʶһʣζŹԪҪ뼾һʡ
Ԫ࿴λ㶣Ŀ΢΢תһȦԻиλûüϲ, Ǹλþͱĸͷ¡
С˱нǼҾ͸ԼһĸЦǺǵк
Ԫֻ˳¡
ܾʲôԾѯŶǰļ
ε㡣
ܲ˵Ҫͱɡ
Ҳͱ˵˽߸ֻҪȥͺá
뵽ԪֶɵӣֲòǿŹԪ¶һЦݡ
ɵɵ
żǸεЦݣԪĬĬƿĿ⣬еˡ
Ųݲݳڲˣ˰ͲסʵС߾ͣĸʲôģм˰
黧ƵѯʣԪüһôһ£Ͱ׻ôЩˡ
ЦЦؿۼһһ
С˳ԲˣǼ൱пҲԶ˾͸໥֮߶߶
ĸʵò࣬ԪһȣЦ˵
Ԫ࿴һ԰Բ˵ļֿ۶ļصһ˵Ѽĸиļȼе
ϵЩ졣
ʵûͨԪΪʲôҪѼȼڸԶļ
ӦǼ
۾Ҳɵú˵úܣҲûͨ
˼ϰˡԪˮ׶żװ֪طӦ
֮ǰµʱסһ𡭡
ԪֻԽһ£ݾԶԲһ˺õֵһֵĻ档
˲ԹԪĺøһȡ
ôС˵ĲúããƷҲãչˣܹĶðˡ
ǻͦģĸС˲˵䣿һݼֻͷԷùǺ
ĺòװѹȥ̧ͷԵĹԪ࣬˵ʲô
ӣڼҸ˵õġĵǰѹԪ࿴ˣ˿ŮͲãԼĵĲģòС
ĲŻȻ׵ġ
˵ԷѾжˡ
ŶĻһ䣬ϵĲһֻļᣬ˵йֱֿС
Ե͹컬
Ǹ߹ģﶼԼˣʲô
һ굽ͷԲϼ⣬ȳ˵
ɰѼĵζըˣ
εضԹԪ˵С˱֣⺢ӱǳ軵ˣԺĵġ
Ԫ΢΢ЦЦԴ
ʲôЦʹ֪켾ͼģǵδĸ棬Ҳġ
ĸ׼Ԫ಻˵ģôõŮͱɵŮˡ
ԼԼЩģĵʣС˰ƽʱʲôá
¹Ԫ಻ش𣬼ĵĸ׻ý߼ĸæ
ĸĿ⻹ڼļϣѣ˲񣬰ǻ˵԰˾͸һϲĶǲ࣬Ǽľϲ飬СҲǲɡ
ĸʻҲ𣬹ԪÿӲŪ飬ǾķѺЦù
ƽʱҲûаãǱȽϲʣͺñ˵ϲһѪûǰĸڲô䶯ġ
ԪĻЦݺͶϵɫ˰ס
ȻֻһҸϣʵ飬ϾҽҪ˽幹ģ˵ͷʿʮζ
Ԫ˵껹޵촽ڻζʲôζ
촽ԪŷӦٶ۵Сһİãǿһ̽һ£оⷽ£ԼʱȥʵԻ
ԪĻһ䣬ĵĸ׾ͲԵĲʣܵһȥŻȥˡ
ϵɫһס
˻ڿмȵļͿмļġ
ĸҲЩ㱣ǵؿ۶ӣЩεʵ˹ϵ£С˾û𣿡
С
۾һ
İþǸһҲ֪Ѻ٣ֻԸһҵİþԪһֽݵز촽˵÷Ƶ
һֱ֧Ŷ͵ļͲԪ൱˵仰һĶ
Ƕڣΰ
ιǺ¡
ͷҿԼĸĸӭǵĿꡣ
Ȼ˹ԪĻǵûлɣص˵ͷ
Ǿ˵Ԫ߸ϵôǼƽƽļ浽һȥ
ԭİ̫أŶˣô棬Ҳ⵨ӴɵûûεԸ⡣
ƽƽ.Ӵ.
Ż»ļĵĸԪ⻰ɫٴһףô̬İãϲͬ棬ϿмɿеûļͻȻ˳ˡ
ҲùԪ뼾һͬĻ⡣
ĸ׿Ԫ˵İþǼʱҲ΢΢١
ǴӹԪž΢üͷɣһεļ˵㻻λãûϲô⺢ôûе
ûע⵽ղŹԪǾ仰΢΢˿ˣϾ˵˭Ҳ벻ǾȻǲϵ
ĸոأĸǾ仰ƲƲ첻鲻Ըվ뼾Ļλá
ղŽô˵ûаȣʲôǴ
лл衣뼾λ࿪ģĸл
ĸҲĸͶȥмЦݣ¹ԪһʱԼŮȥԻԡ
һѼĵԻզ죬ֱ̬ԶΪ
ĸ鲻ȻЦЦʵ˼һѣͷ⺢ӻҪл
лʲôԺпն棬赥±ᡣĸûбı£һ˵գȻİԣַʽ
˭ûпĸΣǹԪڼĸԸλõʱֵؿһۡ


96 
˲ٶԹԪʶ, ϵձˡ
Թ, СǾΧԺӴ֣ŪôǶû취, ĸ͸ɴüһڴСӳȥ档
ŹżٵԵ, ֵϵ˻治٣ȻֵĻ̳
㲻, ܹ̳תһȦʶҲǺõģżһƴֵϰ廹ÿ˷һССǹԳԡ
СһԳȥ棬һѷ䶼̳ꡣ
żϱȽϱ˵Ķ, һܵ÷֡
ڹԪȫ㣬ż죬顣
裬㿴Ҹ粻
ɽ˺̳, Ԫ͵һͷͿһϤӰߵԭ򣬿òǺ, ֻԵӢٴȷϡ
ӢԪָķȥü䣬硣
ȥҸ硣
ԪҪԪķȥȴӢס𼱣ٿǲǸ˸Ů
Ԫݵż⣬˺, ȻԪ˸ĬŮ
Ԫݸ˵Ҳڣһġ
ǻҪҪȥкԪݵ˽ţʡ
ӢŮɵظڹԪֵúϲ£죬˲ˣ棬ǹȥ̫ͻأŪ˼̫нҲãϾܼ棬
ŶðɡԪȻӦ
ӢŮļʾοȥδɩɣ˳Ҳ
ȥ־ְ˲٣ϼϲµţӢѵôһѡ
ððѵôԼ޶ëԪ˲ͰѹԪ¸һɶ
Ԫżһֱ̳浽ȥϾʮҼһԼҳҹǻøŻȥ
û˼ģԪͷԼļʵ
ʲô
ȥҼҳҹ¡ԪѾҪ뼾һӣ͵͵ȥͱѼ˼ǰȥ
ȻǿܻһʱܲˣҲһֱر˫׺á
ȿȿȡֱӱԪĻǺȣ̫áҡ᲻ͬġ
ǲܹԪ룬Ǿʮϲؼң˿϶ġ
ٵȵ븸ĸ̯ơ
ϾǼΨһĳӣ¸ĸһʱܲ¡
滮ˣܹ˸ĸǮٸﻻķӣе븸ĸ˵
ûˣôǮƵİοڡ
ᵽĸԪٴ뵽ԷʱֵһĻܾüĸ֪ʲô
˼죬ԪЦȻȥͬ㸸ĸ˵˵ͬȥͬͲȥ
˵ĻֻõͷӦ
һͷԪ̧ŽңȥҼĸ顣
ĸڻ谵ĳϴϴˢˢԪԭȥ֣ȴĸض㿪
Сˣʲô˵ɡĸЦЦԹԪڵİϷǿ͸͸ġ
ԪĬĬҪæָأӣȥҳҹϾҲһôãҰҲ롭
ֻҪԼԸ⣬Ǿȥɡ
Ԫྫ׼һǻû˵꣬ĸĵͬˡ
Ԫס͵ļҲͬס
ӡԪ졣
ĸϴõһصմ΢ЦǼʮĴˣЩĸĻʲôкֲŮӣÿһ
Ԫ΢΢סܾüĸĻлֲơ
ϾЩ£һ˵Ͳճ
ллӣ˿裬ĺˡչԪҲû뼾ĸģɵظл
ĸûڻػԹԵصͷ¡
Ԫ뼾ĸĶԻü︴Ӽˣ֪һ֪ʲô뷨
ȥҵ˵˵
ܾú󣬼ѹԪӳ˳ȥ˳ֻѳŸϡ
ʹñͻ谵ĳԵøӰӰ
ĸվ̨ϣƲı飬Ӧʮֵġ
裬ǲ֪ԪˡҧŴǴŲʵģŨŨıǺֱת
۾գһͻͷظ޵ûʹȥȵȡ
ǼЩûз
ĸֻһֺᣬᵽšһ
ǳ󣬲ֻڣỳԼǲǶ⡣
һʱºӣֽžнö֪ôţ඼һ
˺ܾüûжָɬźʵʲôʱ֪ġ
ĸɫһǴ㿪ʼҹޣżϴǺۣᵽԪʱֹס΢Ц˵ʱ²ġ
ĸÿ˵һ䣬һԭΪԼεúܺãû뵽ôͱĸʶˡ
ͬ𣿡þȫʳܵõشĻ
ͬ⡣ĸشն
Ȼ
õشļ˲׹ߣ֪κһͥﶼͬ⣬ǼҲһ
ŬѾ޷ıӣҪŬ˵ʲôһƬհףȴʲôʶ벻
Ҳᷴԡ
ڼܵ޷ʱ򣬼ĸ˵
ףȵգգۣԼʲô
ĸȴƽҷ֪Ҳͬ⣬ϻ͵͵ȥʲôãһӣһܹһӲɡ
ĸȻ˵ƽӦһ˼Ǻµġ
ǰס裬᲻ڼĸļϡ
ʱ룬ǲǼ̫ŮԭŻˡĸڻҲ̲ס˿ԹԼģҪǲôǲǾͻòһ
ǵģ裬ҰԪ಻ΪˣΪҰˣԱ޹ءƴҡͷµΪʲôҪĸھΡ
ھεӦ
С˵ȷ㣬óҲȽչˣҪף໥ģ˶ʮ͵ûضԷʮ֣ܶһҲһ֣Լ𣿡ĸֱøɾᡣ
ĸ˵ûס
費㣬㻹Сôȥһ˶ûѧᣬ׾ѧ·ĺֻһԵǰ壬ˤͷ
ȻһΪڸĸôôԼĺӣ񿴹һȥ
ֻߴ··ϳ˿˾ͻһ·Լͻع鵽
裬áĸ˵ԵĻʵڵ
Ƿԣͬˣ
żĸֲ˼֡
ҲãҵſЦЦû˼С˼Ǳܹͬ㣬ʱŶûȥͱ˸ϳʱܻޱӣҿɲᰲο㡣
ĸôĿ֣ˮ
ǼССľǳʲôЦǱ˵ЦֻҪԼȥûʲôӰ졣
ԪɾͲһˣ˾Ĺ֪ˣ֪Ҫֳʲô
Բʲôϵע᳤á


97 
˵̸, ˹ԪҲûκζ
ʱۿ, »ˮ, һǿ޹
һĹԪĶɵþһ£ʿˮ, ԵЩţô˵
򴽣ҡҡͷ
ԪĶʱȵף, ͬʱͲнܵġ
ҲûôƵġ
췢һҲһֲû׼ôĸ֮ŭ
Ԫ˼ô˵ĸȴȿˣ߰ɡ
Ԫı΢΢͹, ü۶չ, ¶һѩڵЦ, ͬˣ
ԪЦݸȾ, ΢õ㣬ɤӴɳƣʵʵ˵ͬ⵫Ҳûܾ
ĻڹԪ࿴͸ͬû, ñĸһٻȥӴ˲뼾׼
ѾȹԪԤĽ̫̫ࡣ
Ͼͬ, ںкܶ˲ܽܣĸܹ˴òѾܲˡ
һ뵽췹ϹһĻԪ˲
ٷǼĸΪ˿ڵĺ, Լıֵڵ㣬ĸͲӦôɴࡣ
Һ˼Ա˵Ҳ᲻һ˿Ȥ
裬ҾʹؼˣԪҲŤˣȻĸͬˣ²ܲ˵ֱӸĿڡ
ֱӱԪòᣬŭҺʲô
£Ⱥ֡ԪһЦûûƤ
˵Ů²ɣĸҲⰡΨһľǽû㵽뼾ĸ̯û׼ǵͲ
˹Ԫ´ʱһӦƷ롣
ĸ৹Ԫĸζ˲ȼҪŭҪ߿ߣʡǰۣ
ûĸܾԪ󣬡˹
˵ǣżˣĸɨҪˣԪżܵ÷ɿıӰûסЦ
ЦЦͲص
裬ôˡĸ޵ģǰʵ
ĸᣬЦЩǿ뵽Ժܾؼң
ƶǶصͷ糤ֻйܻҲġ
һ·Ԫ΢΢û׷ſЦĬˡ
Ԫ಻Ҫһһе첻ѣյҲƺ
̫Ϊˡ
Ҹôƺӡĸ̶̫ݣСԪΣ
֮㲻衣һԪԴըģ㲻Ҳĸô
ԪΪ̲Ϊԭ裬ϣԶǵĸס
Ԫ˵꼾ʱ֪Լʴ˻ԲҸո˵ûоԡ
ûϵԪЦ༾Դ룬ԱܹӵнȨܷһ𣿡
áһᣬʹ¾ʹӦ
ͷȻԼղŴӦʲô˵ܾĻȴôҲ˵ڡ
ԹԪǺްм֮
ԪЩŭζЦݣҲҵ㣬ֻҲ񡣡
Ԫ˵Ҳ˸Уȴûס˱ӡ
ô޵Сް߻ؼҳҹˡԪ൯ţǿаȥ
˶һΪ˸У绹У
ԪһúܵˣֻҪ˵һŰһҲ޺
ȴ˻ͬ𣿡
ġԪشޱȼᶨǲͬ⣬Ҳ뷽跨ͬġ
ǹԪش̫ڿ϶˼ٵİο¹ϹԪĲ
˻ص˼ҵʱ򣬹־Ӣ˶۰ͰһˣÿСʱͻſڻһᡣ
ȻӢѾҴҼ˼ҹһ棬Ҳܲסϱ˵˵顣
̫бԪӰſСڡ
ΪʾԶϱĻӭӢһ˳ȥӭӣֻԪŵļȴûа̳ǸŮûסʵǸŮء
ʲôԪ౻Ӣʵһͷˮ
װ綼ƼˣǸŮ㲻˵ҹôôû
ӢԪ˺þöûƼǸŮӰһʧ䡣
ǲҶ󡣡Ԫ౻ŪÿЦá
ϣҵʱǿҲڣ˵ǰɡӢֻԪƤóϣֻתͷʻ
ǰɡﱾͽţٱӢһʣ˳ƾӦˡ
㿴ˣ㻹ѼӲӢĺɸְ
ԪƤ㣬Ӷˡ
Ļش𣬹ԪЦüҪͣȴס׼˵
Ԫšüȴǲ⡣
ȻûаҶϱؼңûˣҸ䣬Ƚݣпڵ㡣
ӢԹԪûаѶ¼ʧ䣬ͷػӻ֡
ˣԪ벻˻ʱλݷá
ͷͦģ˼ҶһˣȥͰɡӢ˵ŰѹԪǰ
Ԫͷǵؿ˿
΢ЦͷʾԼԣŰĽȥ
ȵԪһߣӢͰͲסԼǿŰԵģӿ㵱ӿģ˵˵ʵԪദǶ󾿾
㷲ŵӵӣЩͬ
ţϸ˵˵ӢԽĥԽòԾ˴󶼴ü˻ؼҵģ²滹è塣
Щر𣬿ܻʧǹҪԼֻǼӢôڴͻȻЩġ
ʧ
ģϣҶĵģԪ£ʲôʱ˵ԡ
ر𣿡Ӣüͷһ壬Ұ쿴ͦİʲôëɡ
Ӣ˫ࡢ㡢ѯʵ񣬼ҧҧɴû취ӡ
ӢȻһ
һƽ˵أҪǸԪôڵĲؼԭ
׼Ӣ̬ȣһϰµĽţĻǺ档
ûסһ䣬֪󣬻Ķϱ𣿡
Ӣɫһ˿ΪѣҪõ𰸵ݣ붼ΪԪʣʵʵ˵Ҳ
ֻǹԪļĸԪһûģܸܳǮǮ
Ҫ˻ش𣬱ϾԪͷи׽㡣
Щ²˵ӦܴӦġ
ʹԪٵ뷨ųɡ
ȻӢĹԪ٣ĵǹԪ
Ǿ᲻ģûа취ش
Ŷ֪ˣллӡӢû˵Ļڼѹˡ
ȻǲôһŮܽܣ˾͸Ӳܽ˰ɡ
뵽ĸ˵Щëߵ£ѹ
Һûг嶯Ȼǲùˡ
ʧ䣬Ӣִ󷽵ذοҲôۣǼϹ˵Ů˲붼ȱݣЩͨǻָġ
šľګͷѹû˵
Ӣ˵ԼͺˣԪԼǸҽҪεúŲ˵


98 ת
ԪſϵҲ㶡
Ҳ벻绹ַڲϵĲ, Ȼˡ
СҽˡڿϷŴ, Ԫһܿ
ԪԳʾ, һ˫ͫؿ
ϱԪ࿴òڣ̧̧ʾλźľԱ׼ó
Сҽô˵Ҳҵҽ, Ĳݸɡ
Ԫ²ֻ˼򵥰ɡ
Ԫ࣬ô˵ġ־һֱڼų˵, ԪԳϲòǳ
޷ϰڰ֣ЩǺõģȻҽһĿĵġ
ԪȻص˵ͷ, ŵš
ҽҲС˵ҽ, ôȥɽʵ̫ϧ, Сҽھǡ
Ź־, ҲӰѻ˵
ǹԪٳٲ𸴣͵ӦٹӣҲἱʮϵ˼
ͷţ⻰΢΢
Ԫݼ, ɫظ˸, ЦЦȴ˵
İڣҲнòС
ǳֿͰȴɷľԱһͲʲôͨˣʹƽʱ١
ڹԪַλ, Щܡ
һ췢̫࣬úúۡ
ϻ䣬ԪҲľܾ֮ǰǵѾˡ
ûԪǿ־㡣
־һǸ躢ӵģӴˣԼ뷨Ǽ£Ҳ̫ø档
⻰žܾˡ
΢΢ʧǿд渵ԺСס꣬ᵽǹҽˮƽҪھǽһµҽооý˲ȴңСܹĻᡣ
־ЦЦ̧ˣҼ⺢ӻСﵱ˺񰮣ǵȥЩʶĺá
ԪԸھǣȻٺò⺢ӲԸ⣬־ҲֻӲͷƤܾ
Թ־ԥؾܾҲûƲһۣƳѹ
ҽɱžܾҵĻû˵꣬齨оɲѪ澭һۺµģδоԺĵҽ棬ӴĲҲͨоԺҽԺͬһȫȫоԺ֮˵һͨоԺ
ϵĻ˵־ɵҲףȺоԺʲô
ԪܹȥĻǰ;νһƬδĳɾ޸ߡ
վܾ൱ڴѹǰ;
־Ϊѵؿ۹Ԫࡣ
Ԫ໹ӣ̲Ϊ
־Ĭ죬ֻϴ̫Ȼϳ룬Ҳþֻܾ⺢ӻЩִ֣ͷȰȰ
־˵ȰȰֱߺᶼûһ졣
Ǽͷ˼š
߳𣬹˼˲ֵҰ
ԪݾһҰѽˣɱˡ
ԪƽʱǸӣܲԼгҴ
ڴڹ¼ˮԪʵ磬ɩء
ⲻءԪƳۼЦؿŹԪݡ
ԪҿԼ˺ͼӰӶûУĶأôûп
ԪվѼʽܸԼˡ
ȴֱס
ԹԪҡҡͷ
Ŵһ˫峺ȫίͰ͵Ĳ
Ԫ಻ΪʲôʱشӦ
㲻˵ɩӰɡԪݵӵתȦĿֻصϡ
ЦǺǵؿЦ˵뼾һϲ뽹ϵ֮ǰǿɹһ
˵Űϸϸգֹ˵糤ÿÿװ׾ģһǸϲģֲҸϲ档
𣿡ԪݿЩ죬Լжÿ
ǰԪ˳ӵصͷ
ǰݰͰ͵ȻҲܺÿܸһĸоԴɫúƤҲ˵㣬ǰװˮˮͬһֻճ¯İӡ
һǸϲ͡
ÿӦÿɡ̧ͷԪǿٱգеԲλࡣ
Ԫݻӻ֣ǲһҸ£ü˼ֿɵð
óԪ΢ŭôŹԪݵͷ
ԪݱΪ˼ҲЩϲ¶̵ˣʲôź
ԭµܵļ֪ΪʲôĪͱԪ仰ͨˣ¶ǳǳЦ
йԪ࿴ˣզզְֺ
㿴ҸװͰ͵ɰԪݵͷԪôɢɢ޵ҧҧ
ʱ޲뼾ݻ硣
Цؿ۹Ԫ࣬ü۴Цһ㶼ףҲϲ
գƭˡԪ죬㶼ͬҸ紩һӵģȻ˵ˣ治֪δɩӿǵ㡣
Ԫ룬ܿá
ԪûлԪ໰е˼ȴˡ
۵һӾ糺ÿԵγѪ
𣿡Ԫֵؿۼ
ûҡҡͷƲ߇
֪¶ںڷͨĶܹݵڹŹԪࡣ
Ԫɫ˰סԪݵĳ嶯
Ϊ뵽ϱҪԵʣӢһٳһӴʳȻûн뵽δϱôҲû˷ѡ
ҹһ˳Եζ
һôԷĹԪСϡ
һΧڿҹԪ־żȥˡ
Ӣ͹־Ҳû⣬˲ϲǴһġ
ԪѷŹϣȲʣΪʲô
ü˳ۣģҲǲ㿴ã˵˵ЦЦģһ˶࿪İ
˵һˣԭЩĹԪ˲䱻˳ë
ǹ˵Ԫǰ§סϸ
ʹûشԪĻǷʵ治ھôλ˵ôãǲȥҶϧ
㲻߲ſϧԪӱ§żԼĴϣ˵
ںںֻлС
ÿɷرԪĻĸΡ
ûʶԪǰӲԼжôҸڸоֱļ۰ҸС
ȫһů⣬ﵽûһůġ
̧ͷڹԪĴһģһھǡ
Ԫձľٶȡã˲ֱĻȵףüͷ𣬡Ϊʲô
̧ͷԪı飬ֻǴżּᶨΪҲҪ㡣
ǵ˵ûԪమʮ֣͵ûظԪʮ֡
ԪԼĺѾ̫̫࣬һζȡҲҪѧȥӦѧȥԹԪá
Ļ
֪λһһλ˲ԺſҲԪһҽĶԻʱòǺףȴˡ
ԪΪķ˺ܶ࣬ҲǸȥһЩʱˡ


99 
Ԫ౻Ļס, ЦЦ, ЦƱѩ, ƴظգҵˡ
˲۽, 㿪Ԫ˫ϷȵĿڹԪ覵Ĳϡ
ھҲǲԡԪڼϵи
ʲô
ҪҲԪɲװСɰһ¡
Ӷô, Ҫ뿪֪ƭɶǷԼƤӵºʡ
Ŀ㲻ѣ촽һõĽ, ŹԪ, Ҳھǡ
ԪµĿżϵС, ΪĴӦ, û뵽ȴĻ
ʵԪһ¡
ڰĵ׵Ļ˵泩٣ŵԪ͵Ҳǲھ, ֻǲ뿿Ĺϵ, 㡭𣿡
˵һֹԪһ֣˵󼸸ʱͷ߳ϸܵĺ顣
£ǽš
Ԫĺͫ, ؿżҶˣ
ûУ͵ҡͷҲ˼
ҾǾҲ¶㣬֪ǰҵС£Щûã˵׸㻹ҡҡҲѧԼҲҪһ㲢ġƿ
ż˵û״ΣкüζҧͷѪζĿǻȥˡ
Ԫ״ε˵꣬ˣԭǺӳˣӲԸˡ
еᵱĸ׵ķԷҪǰʱĸ׵ĸˡ
˵òԪ˵һµ䣬ֱ׹ȵأˤķѡ
ܵıӣԪ֣ô˵ˡ
ԪԹԵĵʹӣἾʵҲܵһš
Ǿ䲻¶ʱȦһӲ뿪
Ԫ಻һӾͻֽţƴԪ࣬סŴŵ£ɳƵذãҲȥˣҾʹĶҲȥĶҲȥңòá
Ļ
ȥ¾͵ͬԪӴ˷ֵĻԼҲȥ
ԪֿܵʧȥԪࡣ
ʧȥ
żԼļϣǱ΢󣬹ԪƤڶ˶
۵̧֣ļĺ󱳡
ܵԪİøˣȻһɽٺ֮С
ԺҲ˵ˣʲôҾʲôҾϣֻҪ㲻ҪҺòá
Ԫĺ󱳣һһ¡
Թԣˡż˺ѷεԪԼ̲סȦ
ǿаѹǹѼԼϷԼ档
ƴϴ˿Ѿۣƽʱ˫峺ַǳ۾ﲼˮȫʧȥԭеĹ
ԪԼû뵽Ҫǻһ˵ͷԼ
۵õϵۣ΢ЦȥɣҲֹˡ
ĳҭһ£ͷҡø˹ƵģҲȥˣҾߡ
ԣȥȥɡԪѼڻԼϡ
˵Ϊ᲻㣬֪𣿡
ͷ
Ǳ㱰΢ԣҸ뿴һǿ㣬ǰô˷Ԫ౧żһƬ
ǰܾöһ˺þҪǵˤԲһʲôӤȥϡ
Ҫİ
ʼδġ
ŵ¼˵ı΢
ղǲҪ΢󣬹ԪĶҪըˡ
ѼǿھҲῪģȥɣСӥҪѧԼȥһ
ҡҡͷԪΣǿģãȻ뿪
ҪˮԪఴסıֲ𣬱ٵˣԺһ¿ɲܵᣬסƱƱۣ˶ףҪ׻ݣǽģֻԵԼųܡ
ɵصͷᶼƽۿ
ֱԼʰϽԪ˵ҷ뿪ȵٻصߵʱͱˡ
ãʱҶߡΪЦЦڵƹѤ
Ԫûа취εȾˣȴһУ˵ȥ¶ҪЦ
ûа취ԼѡˣҲҪ¡
ǿϧȰȰȲܸһȥȻǻġЦҲһꡣ
ȰȰȵĻΧֻԹԪΧ뿪ΧͻԶع顣
ºֹ
ʱռܹаȰȰ߿ƼжôҪ
ȰȰҧϵͳоƬɵǰ¡
ʲôŽµĽɫоƬֲ⡣
ԴĶΪʺڣԴŻôɣȥҲûȥȥоо͸
Ԫ֪һֱⷽеܺ棬ϵͳҲûãȥ档
ŶоƬ˻ᣬͻȻ۾ղʲô
ԴĶ
Ҳ˵εԴǹԪģ
Ϊη˵ġ
ˣԪЦؿżںڲȥüȵ´λҿҪͷģϾҿǸɱ˲գ۵ķɰ
գգһ㶼¹ԪĿţûϵԸĳͷ
ǹԪҪҲ¡
Ԫ㼾Դǳ⣬Ǵ޿ɾҩҪûߣű۸ɡ
ûԪĻһ㣬̧ͷͦأǽ˵Ҳ͸㡣
ԪҪ
ߵʱø㣬ûϡоƬպãΡ
ԪֻðȥڼԴϣû׼ͲҪ˵󻰡
˵Щ۵ĳʴڴϡ
ΪǸʮû뵽컹
ԪͻȻһ¾ÿįˣԺûСɰߵӿô
׼ˡԪڴϣҲȻڹԪֱá
˵˵׼ʲôԪͷԼֱϵˣٴʵ
šĬ˻ᣬǼʮرʱ֪ˡ
˵ģ׼뿪ңﱸˡԪ࿴óûѣҲζż֮ǰ׼뿪
ϵĻֻһШӶѡ
ٴγĬǴϴ˵ʱ䲻֮ʼ׼ġ
Ǽһ˽ԸĻϱӵʱȥϣԪҲܹ
ԪࡣһӹԪֱ۲䵽ţ˫ʮصɣҹ
ԪָĲϺһԹϱΪҲ֪ʲô
˻ţؿŹԪࡣ
Ԫ಻мҪܹõ𣿺ǣ棡


100 
లµ˯һϾӭһꡣ
ڼڼ, ӢҲ񱡱˴, һ˷һ, ȻǮ࣬ҲǸ⡣
Ԫżھǵ˼졣
ڼ伾һջԪ, ɹԪ඼סˡ
һʳ֮Ҳ᲻ߡ
Ǹϲӣ˺ֽ飬ҲǼ뾩ӡ
ԪȥûȥԾƣΪҪȥվͼ
ļһ·ϵĹԪ໹˽ïѦˡ
˾·ϵ, Ҳ໥иӦ
׻˵úãƤһ
Ȼ˶ôӣʣڸиĳ
ïһŴСһߵԪǰ, ֵֹһ, ϴء
Ҳȥ, ¾ͰչһԪ뵽нïĳ, һôù
ǰ
ðɡָˡ
ïէһԪ಻ȥ£Щʧ䡣
ôԪЩķӦϾҲżܹҲʧʲô
û, Ҿǻϴ˵Ȥ¡ïһ, Ҫ²ۣ²۶ˣЩơ
Ҳ˵ڼչ˵ķϣԪ಻ķϻ
ѦͼҲܺ, 𳵻Ҫһʱ䣬Ҳģïԡ
ïҶȤ£ĭ˵ǲ֪Ҽ갡ǽһʣҼҴ󲮺ʹ»ǵðɣ
ͷ̫ӳˡ
Ѧ壬һïĴ
ϧûˡ
δϡ
Ҵ󲮲ǰвƲҴԭҲͦùģǹǰ֪ΪʲôͻȻǮƶˡ
Ԫе֣ӦòסʲôͨĵطɣҼӦҲӶ˲Ŷԣô
ôǸǵľС㣬޵Ǹ߹٣ǲڵסͨĵط
ïϵЦݸ˼֣Ҹ˾͸Ҹ˵Ǹ
ҴиֶʱңС۰һûֶָء
ѦýζȲ¾䣬Ȼء
Ȼ󡭡Ȼֶǰʱ˵˸ʲôŮʰǣʱҲǸɵģӶҪͿˣҪװֻаҴﲻڼҸһ£αװС͵
ï˵˵ԸЦҾûϹôɵģҴסĿҴ֮ǰķӣǿǾԺ
ԺüһˣС䡢װСֱӸˡ

궼ɵһ֣ȷûмôɵġ
һЦߵĹԪҲɵݸǰܾǰɵôһԱȣò̻
Ȼ˶ǶԱȳġ
Ц󣬽ïƽһ㣬⻹ЦģЦĻں档
ҴΪ˸ֶڳֻô»СС»ˣֻ˵ԼŴ˵أΪˣ˾ٰۣʱ̽ȥĶȴ³ˣûΪҴ֤˶Ǯ׵˼
Ѧ࣬ͽԸ
ȻΪ˰̰ˣҲûĵˣ̰˽ïıˣƽҲЩ
꣬ϴȫڸɣƽսïˣҪţƨ
ʹһǣһȣѦԼԼͦԵˡ
ûûïʮͬصͷֽ˵⻹ûꡣ
ҴòǮ͸ɴȥʱҼסţҹ뷴ҪֶϵģǰȥҲ
ïЦᶼҪˣ¼֪ûǮ֮ң˼ֱӰѴһأ׼ȥ
Ҷ⡣
֮ǰǾƲ˾ֲƽȹϵһ߽ģֻʱ⡣
û뵽ǣ¼˾Ȼ֮Ŷ˼ҽ
ʱ͵ҴǮҪȢϱǶһѶǮˮ㻨ȥЦˡ
Ϊֵˣһ߳۾š
¼ڳﱸȥǹø³̣ǹȻǸ񲡣װøһû˿ⲻʮȥԺˣ¼ˮһգȥǮҲղˡ
ï˵ҪЦˣʵ̫ˣֵÿ챧ŹȥϷûҹԪ档
ѦҲһŶֱЦûôЦ¡
ΨԪͼ˶һۣӶԷһ˿˿Ϸʡ
ʱҵĶΰɡ
˲ҪҴҴûǮҴ󲮵ĺˣⲻųҪ飬ҴΪ˶ֱסȥˡïЦһҲ֪ʲôȥˡ
ǲ֪ΪҴ󲮸飬ȻĵĿʼҺϧֲСӡï˵Ӷһᡣ
ڼû˸֣įˡ
Ѧ껹Щ¶ǼҾְ
ïҡҡͷЦȻҴ󲮳ˣֻÿ¸ҴѣͱˣǰĺҲˡ
ǸԸŮҲõıӦˡ
˵żĻ𳵽վˣֻôҴԪ
ϴˣïѦԹԪкһѿռ͸͹Ԫࡣ
˶ãͻȻҪֿ϶е᲻á
ҡˡվڹԪǰҲֲᡣ
ţԼ·Сĵ㣬ǵҸ˵ĻӲӲ£ҲҪ¡ｨ裬Ԫ෴Լ뿪¿õЩ
ֲǸֲ֣ȥ⣬ֲǵӾ磬˲һ͵÷֡
һθ붼鲻֮仹ʲô顣
ԪͦҲżᰮϱˣʲôĲġ
סˡ⼸Ԫһֱ߶Щ䶼óˣø档
ΪЩһɵľ̸֮úúü
𳵿쿪ˡ˵Щߵ˶˲٣Ԫһֱ漾עʱ䡣
šɵص˵ͷѱһκԪУ㡣
ԪЩû뵽׼ȻǸ
ûǮɡ
ģֵǮ֪Ԫĵ뷨һ㡣
𳵵һ䣬ûס˱Ԫ࣬Ŭϵζˡ
·Сĵ㣬ǮҪźáԪûסϸװ߶
ЦЦʧڹԪǰ
Ԫվվֱ̨Ļʧűż͵ȥ
һصңԪûסѺӲˣֻһֻ¼ɫģģʮֺÿ
ԪںûҵŴЩ֣ѵǸԼ¼
Ŵ¼
һöȥ֮󣬼ϸůö¼
Ԫࣿ
ţԪӦһէһ»뼾Ի
¼յԪٰͣ죬ֿת£ٴδյʱҿѾȥ£֪ʲôʱܹټ棬ţ벻ʹٰ֣֮һǿ־ϣԭ˽ΪҵɵһԻ˵ʱ򣬿԰ó죬ǰͨȰȰһ
Ԫ꼾ĻļһᣬͻȻЩڷż뿪ϻ̲סСɵӣ㲻֪е绰𣿡
ԻӻϺꡣ
Ԫס


101 
Ԫ಻ȥ, ˵Īڳ, ûõ롣
͹ԪвŻмˡ
ǹ̫СˣСһ˲ŶԸߡ
Ҵ̫ǱסһвŻ˻еġ
оԺȡĳɹ
˵ʵԪһʼûиģƶ󡢹Ҵ£ɶ¡
֮ųⲻôԣżһԼΪʲôȥԼҵĸо
ڳķ, ԪջǴӦȥоԺ
νоԺڻֻһ, ʽоû, ֻһ֮ǰѧУΪоء
ִӹؽһҽо豸ʱһȺЩҽƵӵҽ
ЩǴӹڻġ
Ҷ, ӹⲻ, ٻôһ˿˵㹦ġ
ټоԺֻʮ, һѲ̫ҽ, Ҫ˵ԺǴҶо, Ԫһš
ԼԼеϵƭĸо
ҸоãǳصݸԪһϡ
Ԫɨһ, ͬص˵ͷȻоĲһЩǳںֵһģоǶԵġ
ҵ˲һȺµµΪˡ
ȷһȺѺ󣬹Ԫɲ١
оԺֵһᣬڲõĽһɼġ˵Ļ㱨, Щ
оųﱸûþѾȡһɾܴͣĹ衣
Ԫ΢Цŵ˵ͷϲҲʧ䣬˸߲ҵγԱȡ
ϣλǡԪڲͬܿ˵ע⣬ʼΪλǳϵĺ󱲣̸֮ͨ־ò
ң˽ܡѹԪܸҽλǹԪҽԺҲǵͬ顣
һ΢еɼҽ̫Ԫᣬ˻ûüǰֽ˵С᲻ҽίʵҵĲǽС˸κõġ
ȻԭԹԪ໹Щ˲ת˸̬ȡ
ʱĿн绹ǱȽϵģͲֻʵ
ʵȻӮôҵ𾴣ߺţ˼ɡ
ǰĲҲ֪һ
ڹȽĻеһҽѶȲ
Ѿڹڵҽϵ̫󣬱˵ȽĻеȹ߳ҽû
Ԫ಻еƾۺ͸оѳϵĲκãǸɶõ˲š
鲻ǿþܸõģȫʵѧС
ҶԹԪ̬Ⱥһ㣬ʹŹԪ࣬ڹԪʵд졣
Ͻ꣬Ҳûȥ˵۹⣬ԪܲȺˣͿʵˡ
ĿȺɨһۣһˣЩʣҽû
ˣʵһҩԱߵʵԼһ˱չأ춼ûˡǰش
ϵ˵ͷЩοȺŬһΪڣ̹٣ȫ¾ҲܰԼۿ壬ҪʵעϢŶԡ
ַȥȰҽһֵ״̬ҩʵɹͲݡ
˶ףҽͶȥˣˣֻҪ̫ޱһһɾ͡
ȥȰȰĿһеж
Ԫ໹ûб֮£Ҳֻøڳ
˺ҲȤĸڳȥ֡
߽ǼյʵңԪˣԭҽǱˣ֮Ժ档
֮ǰоģиڣô˵˵
ĳ״̬УôһȺ˽ʵûвһֱ΢ڹ۲ʲô
´˼·һĬĬţͣǰ̸һȣ˽һСʱ涼ûж
ϸն廹ûлָЩ֧ι
ҽҲж
Ԫӽž͹۲쵽ʵһǵķˣѾûгԷˡ
üȥʵûɹԼǶˡ
ŵûԲȥǣֱߵߡ
ֱߵϷ˷ֿ˿ҽҩƲڽеһֱӰ΢
ɫ԰ף촽ɿʵöˣԪ΢קԻЩã
ĳͬҽԪĵΪһ¹Ԫҽ˼·ϡ
Ԫȴǣأָϵļñʻ˻˼·ȷģҩ̫Сģ⼸ҩԱ̫СһҩЧ壬𲻵ãʹ鷴ɣ㻻ҩԡ
˵ŹԪʵͿͿĸ
ԻЩͣڹԪʵϺ¶ȥˣһᣬվ޴ľϲɹˣ
˵꣬ŷԼ촽ɤѾƵ˵ĵزֱˮˮˮ
Ԫ࿴˿Χи±ҲǼǰˮֱӵݸ档
һͷֱӸһ±ˮЩδ
Աиҽ״Լı±׳
ˮȥܵõ٣ľθĿ
濴Ԫ࣬ʳСӡ
ԪΣֻȴȥԷ
һߣʵһѷͱҽ׷ղŹԪĹʵϴġ
мһʵ顣
Ȼɹˡҽд˲˼顣
ʵ飬Ҳ֪һҪһȥĽ䷽ʱһɹ
ԪǿۣͰȷ䷽ĳˣ
ҽǸʲôͷЩɹԪ򵥡
;ҽѧ裬²ǸҽѧҳĵӰɡ
˵Բ΢΢һÿɷЦЦԪıǵֵģԸɾҲûʲô󱳾
ͨͥ߳ҽѧţ
ȻϲЩ˵ǲ²ȥ
ԪҵһҹӪ꣬ϡ̫ûԶ
ԪԷʱҲõִ£ѼʰһȥӳѹԪ֤ʹ
һ·вкģżԪģЦһһشֻЦ˼ֿġ
ˮ˼ѹԪ˵ְѵ֤øˮ̾˿׻û˵ʲô
֪Сôбµˣס˲š
ʶ꣬ЩڵģԪէһ뿪ﻹЩ䡣
ˮ˵˻ӻҪ뿪ǡӴӻ˴ӵĻƣżæÿӰ
𿴵Ƿӣһϲ֪֪࣬ڼе
ˡִЦЦְֻѹԪٴظ
ʮֵ䡣
Щģʲô£ҲҰæȻûйԪܱһͷϹҪǿЩ
š˿ǸС壬뻹ǰʦ˵һ顣


102 
ʦؾԴϴ֮ܶ, ͻҪǮơ
ֻҪؾһ첻˵Ǯ, Щ˾һ첻ͣ
δּˣֻһЩƤˣҲס
𿴵ļ٣ȥʦһغ
ֻһͨƣΪʦ̫ˡ
͵͵ʦҩչһӣʲôҲܲˡ
˰æ, ´˵˵, ֻܰϣڹԪϡ
Ԫ, ˰æˡ
ϧԪûз, Ҳֻ뼾˵˵, ܲյķӰʦ
üͷҲֱ, Ⱥ˷߷߲, ô
ô, еģö˾ָ¸, ûȥߣöѧʾǸɣ˵׬Ǯ٣ˡ
˵üΣֻһŸҵѧ, ҪڰҲ
̾Ϣһֺγǣ˵Щûã취ʦҪ
ֱͷ
ȷʦĶ𣿡
˵ҹ۲ҲȫǣȺ֮ǰʦʦҧ˵ľˣ˵ʦˮ̾ˮ㡣
㶼Щ˲
ҡҡͷ̫Ҷ䣬˵ʲôϴ󣬵Ʋȫһˡ
˵ԼΣ˰æȴϢ˵ȫ
ͷ룬˵粻Ϲȥسǵ顣
ô죿Щ¡
˸ӣʱ֪ˡ
ؼĲɵس緹ʹҴҸȥسǡ
ʵȥس˰æģǶԿô˵ģο滹иɴ۸˽С
ҪҵĲǱˣ
ôְ꣬ź£һǳ˽⡣
ʱطֽïѦҲڡ
ɣϴҲˣ˵ǡïشк
ǡɻ
ⲻôïѦȥһºγ˹̶ǹϵˣ϶ҪŰݷõġ
ϽԪ಻ڣϵҲԼע⡣
С÷ôţͦŴӣææ赹ˮ
Ҷ˼һи£ڴϲ׼
ǰúܺãҲ֣ĬĬš
˵꣬ʣǲʲô¡
ֻð˵
һ𣬡һ˵ɵϴ󲻻ôûƷ£ʦͷܴмҵӣŻ졣
ֻ̫֪ʦѧģڼûʡٴҡͷѧȥʦļ
˼˻ᣬֵҲţҲпֻС̵ôʦǸǮģ϶ǮôܻȵҪ˶˵ǮҪ
ƴͷ
ʦƽԲϣ˵Ǯˡ
ɣȵˣȥǡ˼һ뵽һע⡣
ôᡣͷһһɲԤС
ٺһЦϵİ̺ʶΪˣϸ˵żƻ
ľ̫ðɣҪǱץסǱһˡ
ãǲɵǰͷһɣ˵˭֪ǸɵġɵЩɸ֡
ʵҲЩţǿ˵г뵽Ԫ˵ûҪ£ҲҪ£ĬĬصͷͬˡ
ڽïֲ´ģŲͱ¨ӣꡣ
Ѧʾνˣһһ
Ҷûֻõͷͬ⡣
ҹ٣ѹѹ쬵ĸһɽơZϫFՈPע
Щ̫ε·ָλŮͬ־ϺЩú̿һҪ˿Ů
װã˲ųš
սľ·ϣï䲻˾䣬ôе˷ܵĸо
ǵãһҪѹɤ˵ƾҵǡٴѡ
ïֻѹɤ˵һ䡣
˵ǻһϾͻȥƷվҺؾ׽
˷Ʒվ˻ûҲûо˵ĺؾǱڷƷվܡ
ҹ£ԶܹԵ
ǽŵĶð
Ȼʱһ˲ƴڻ
ʲСӵǮƣɴˣʡ鷳
УûȥϺǵطСӼȻܹѧ;֤һǸǮģ˵ǶĻƽֻҪܹʳԺǸ缸Ǯ
ǣʱСһڣȵʳˣٰ˸Ҳ١
СȻؾ·ɱ˶˵ֵһᡣ
߽ҪȥѰǺؾʣһѷƷĺؾ˿ǵҲ̲ס˲Ҫɥˡ
ʱһ˳ȥ
ǸɵģﶢϵҲҶ
Ǳһ°ɣǰڹܺУ붼ûֱӴǵͷ
λִһǿֻһ˵ʱ򣬵˲
ʲôɣСȿϵģôҲҪһ
ϴ󣬱Сӷϻ˭֪ʲôɵģһҲˣ˭֤ݲɡ
Ϊ׵ǸҲǣͷͬ⣬˵ǸС׵˳ȥҪⲫ
ô׶Ըģһǿ
СܼƲԣ׷æǸϴҲ⣬ͳ˵ӡ
ǵһת׷׳һ͵Ϯ
ˣǼֻи˵ķݣǱͲһˡ
Ŵ˳ֵʪ̶׼һСܵͷϺݺһ
Ѧľ˳֣һľƿӣǾһͨҡ
ïѦӣֱϰש
Ϊģݣ˰Ѵӣ߿ޱߴˡ
ƷվĳǽһңȺħ裬Ǻ
ʱͱǼס϶ˣȫüġ
Ѿͷ꣬ڶڿޣ޵˭۸һ
Сһ
˵˵ɣǸɵġѹɤʵ
ޡΪ׵ϴǸˣӲԣֱ¿ˮ
Һ棬ˮûϣȻö
ï޹һĭӵ۾ŪүˣڷƷվ˼ĨѼ˵ʵʵýǲĭ
ʰɡ
ŶӦٴʵǿ˵Ǹɵģʲô
С켸ֱۡ
ǷۣǱǡïǷ۵Ϊš
Ѷɡŵ˵ЩôʲʲôģԪ˵ϵֶβС
λÿҲǵһ֡ҽᡱ£⾭鲻㡣
ڵҿѦĲ飬ѼЬӸѵпڶ׼Űľһ˵иҽ˵ڽŵ׻ϼҪ˼Сʱͻ͸͸ģҲ֪Ǽ٣ʵһ£Ҫ˵ƻܱסһ
Сŵһţʹ˵Ը˵
Ǵ磬סô˵


103 
С̫ڡ, ʮ, ͼǿڡ
ïڨЦû뵽컹ͦӲġ
ΡΡ˵ҪҪϵֶΣһ֪ϲʹ̣ҽԺȲ
Լ˵궼̲סһ¡
ЩӶǹԪ̸ģʱÿֲʵ͸оˡ
С缸Ļˡ
, û뵽ֶ˺ݶ, ֽŽӶõ
ѦղСϴĵ, Żαô鷳, ɴһĨ˲, ɰ, ͷ, ֤ʬ嶼Ҳ
òס, ѦֲⷬĻŵɫҰ, ᲻Ծﻹʣӣÿ¡
죡鼱֮ѹѦֻŭ
áááƲƲ, Ѧ֮£ֻýֻͣܳҭ
СǴ˿ѾûǽŰıƵĵطʹľ
ѪҪ˰ɡ
Ǻ鿴˿ڣǰļ˰ǰһֺڲ¡ģѪڵҲ塣
µǻʵʩӿµ̷
ء
С켸Ųӣס췢صҪǵע⡣
磬ǵſ
ڼǼôŻСʱ򣬺ؾŲ壬ΡΡվȿȿȿȣǸ
ʦôˡһؾֹסᣬǰȥ
СؾЦЦ
һܹ̳һλΪľѧڱҲֵˡ
ʦҪȥҽԺɡŹĺؾһ
Ŷõʱ䣬ʦ˶ݵòڴϸЩҪûˡ
ǰرû˵󲻵˺εȵвŻ
ȿû¡ؾҡҡͷܾҪָָסļС죬ЩЦԷǣǸǰǵסˡ
գգ۾৵һ¾ͺˣ˸Ʒúؾţֹܵһ䡣
Ҳ˺죬̫û˿ɫŲæذС켸ƲӸȡ˳
磬ˡСһĭϣûԹֽѡ
ïǿһĻ˼ضһۣƲ͵ʲô¶ûз
ǻ߰£Ҳ˵˸үҪ̵Ǯûб˼Ҳˣ˳ǣһ·ɡ
ȫסС춼Ҫ¹ˡ
ҲȺ˾ǲˣʵŵе㲻ᣬҲȥ̽ˡ
ֻҸҽԺѽŵװ˿ڸֹס
ǮҪ
ֻô򵥣岻бİɵˣ
ӦУСسǵ٣Ӵľ͸ˣץסһֻҪǵָ¶һ㣬سǺˣǾЩɵˣǲϵĹأڲصǶ뿪ȵû˵ʱ
Сǹ˼֪Ĳ֪ȫˡ
ҲǸ˵ˣ¾ͽ⿪ӷ뿪
ڱþˣСǵȽѪҺѭټϽϻƵĿӣ·ʮּѡ
˵غܿʧڼǵǰҽԺ
ҽԺܲ˵ؾͰֵҽ˳ǿ
ǿǼǵȺ˵Ѫ˿ɾͻˡ
ҽԺһ·϶ûѪѪҪˣøϽƲС
ֵҽǰʮŵװ壬һһ㣬˿ڶˡ
ʲô˼СͷĿ㶡
ԼҽֻԼԼĽŰġ
СԼĻ̌Űϵȷеǳİ̺ۣ֮ǻԶ
ӵģǱ˸ˡСͷĿ𣬰ҽղŸǲ˿ڵҽȫɨϣһ
벻˵ǽˣҲʲ¡
磬ǴǼСӵĵǶмȥﻹǵðˣСҲŰˣϴĳ˵ʲôҲҪһسӡ
˵öԣΪǻ߰
СһһöҪȥƷվѳӸһ
˻߰ˣְѷƷվɨһɵš
ؾ˵Ⱥ˿Ҳ֪ӣĴԱƽҪƵһЩ
һҹüˣΪ֮ǰʳһЩǮơ
ƲģǼҵǮڳҵʱȫ˸̧ˣȻСس
ϧȺͱ̰ס۾ˣȥ
ҸؾϺҩɰող׽ַȴһˡ
ֻǻ˸֣ǻ߰ͷˡ
ϵҽԺּˣ֪Щɵ˶ڸʲô
һһȺ˵ҪģһһȺ˵Ҫġ
ҽԺ֪ȫһһ첱Ӵ֣˵Ҫѵʲôɵˡ
ڷƷվһҹ۾ЩҲҵġ
Ȼʱ򣬾ͿĳȺǽѵСǴһСɱ˹
ֻǻûǵãһǽѵСǴСˡ
һͺۣҲʶԷʲôˣֱӿ
û˵ˣٴμս
μĻе
֮ǰǾ˽˶ǰ˻ؾȥȺС۵ʱ򣬸˶ǰҲĪı˽
⼸ȫʲôˣҲ˵ȰһԴĲУѹûԼƵ£ֻȳͷ˵
ǴòˣýïһƵ˳ȥ
ï˳ŷƷվһȦԶȺսĻ죬˳Žֵһֱܣܵͷһһصλ˽ȥ
ûãһ֧ſĲӾͳڷƷվſڣڷƷվſڻսֱӸһˡ
СɵˣȺ˶˶һɵۡ
Ҫͣ˼ұһ˦Ⱥں֮ƨҷţʵʵѺˡ
һߣǲ̽ͷ̽Ե߳
ͽˣֱţƾ˵ͰôһȺ˸ˡ
һЦǹͬ־˵úã¶දԡ
лл̫лˣһûʮ³ʦҲʱϢжֱϹҪûȺڣһ˻ɲ
ѦǰֹסҪǾϹ𣬡лĻͲˣҪǰʦҽԺҿЩա
ֻл䣬ȥ鿴ؾȻѾ
ǰ׼˸ȥҽԺټһ˱ڱһûУ̲סü˲ڷƷվȥˣҲʺ
¶ɫҲһ»ʲôء
ǲǰҸˡïˣʵ۵òᣬǽϣߴ߶ЦѾҴдˣźʦܿܵõ
һЦЦݱߵĳҪá


104 
ؾҽԺһ˾ת, ֻƤ˺, ȱʧӪȴΡ
һ龫壬Ҫòֻܲʱ֪
鷳ˡؾҲǸǿ֮ˣǵԼӲѼǼ˵ľ֮
鷳ʦؾһһ˺˺֮ܶϵЦݲɵö
ЩɵҽԺؾ֪ΪʲôԼλԲѧЦݣȻмִ, ĬĬ, ϴ÷׵ıӷ
ûע⵽ؾת, ĬĬذڼõĳʳڳ
֪ؾҪ壬ÿسǻȥЩͷ಻ҪƱı߽, ȥŵ顢Ρһһ, سǡ
µس, ǹڻﱧ, س¶ȲȲ̸ոպá
ʦʢһŨ˵ؾǰ
űǶǹŨζ, ؾһ˫ֲɵý˽ͬѧ, ̫ƷˣҲûн̸ٶֵƷѡ
ʦ˵ʲôأһΪʦΪʦչʦ쾭, ʦɱ˵ЩˡԲԲϹһ˿ࡣ
ؾ龡УĪЩܡ
ֻǡʦô
ţǾллͬѧˡؾֽ̧ӹе룬ֱֻϴű̧Щ
ʦι㡣źؾ˫ͬڹ˫ۣջ֣Ҩ͵ؾߡ
ؾźÿβ濴ſ¡
һιһԣڲﵹҲԵúгYUXIϦ
һ󣬺ؾθʵװˣŶҡҡͷʾҪˡ
ĬĬضڵȥʰ
Ǹͬѧ벻ѧϲǸؾŶڵĬĬʰоֵŮ뵽ƽʱܰܵƷվ͵͵Ļ壬˽˼
ϵĶһ٣΢΢еЩ˼飬ҡҿѧôһá
ʦְֽ㣬㻭Ҳûйϵֻҵ񰮺ãƽʱʦпգҲ԰ĸĻ
ؾЦ毣ͷһܾ֮ģֻõͷӦ
ʰȥֽʣúؾ
뷴ʦҽԺҲţҵתһעû׼ָÿһ㡣
͸ҽԺĲʹûɵĲ
ؾ˵һֻõǦְֽ𻭻
ֻϾûܵͳĽѧЩһֱ߶ЩŤˡ
ҪؾӶѹıϣϸ޳Ůϣֽš
ŮӶԵС鷢زգżŵһɻϴˮζʹúؾòʮ־
磬ïյ󲮵ţҲҴҸҽԺǲҴʲô
ʲôֽʡ
ȻҴ󲮸ʦĵȻܸʦժñӣʦµһͶǿԵġï΢΢ס
һõ󲮵Ͽɣü䶼һӽԺ
̫ˡҲżʦ뿪سǷ֮ˡ
ܹƵȺС죬´οɾͲһˡ
ﶼһҷϢܹԷ
ΨؾһȴԣضԽïл鷳Сˡ
鷳ֻ˳дŵ¡ؾ֪˹ĸлï춼ѵȥɿذѵ֤͵ؾС
õ֤ؾûеһʱȥ𿪣ҿŸղűֽʣЩΪѵһߣԺûлٽͬѧ
ûϵʦһ츳ҲáЩ˼һֱ߶ãʵǲúʦٽȥ
ؾҡҡͷѧþ˵Լû츳ԼûŰˣԺ㻹뿴һдңʦ㻭һӡ
۾ЩΣЩִ٣̫鷳ʦ˰ɡ
Ƕҵľˣ˵ǻһӵĻҪҲʹõģԺʲôѴдңҲߣҲһԽ㡣ؾԼûԼʱ˵仰жôᡣ
ȻⱲֻʦദһӵʦ
ȥ·ϣ𲻽ûΪʦ뿪ģıġ
ïЩ⣬ʦԺɾû˽ˣ治ڸɶ
ظһЦݣ㲻
*
û˹Ԫߣʲô¶ѧԼ

ǰйԪڣֻҪղ̣ŹԪͺãѧԼ
ͨķǻģֻζûйԪĺá
ûûζذԼĲˣڶ⣬ҵǰӵĳӣʽʦѧա
տʼϰû˭õóʳȥˮ
ÿһ¹ȥ磬⵽ٻϰȰȰȽ֪ʶ
żȤ˾ȥƷվ߹Щͭ˿˿ԼС⡣
Ҫѧϰ򲻽ۻǮɴԼһԶװãȻֻһֻƵҲҪࡣ
ȻҲûǹԪоƬ˸ʵķװðоƬ档
ʱһҪ¸ǣֱǸװ﷢һСġž
жϵԴоƬȡԭӲӵоƬһС㣬и׺Ҫһ㡣
룬ҳߺذǿ׺ȡʱܿоƬĵ
ɫоƬԾز£ڱﲻסڣװɡ
һο˵оƬһаȰȰǰŲϵͳǰ󣬡ʲôס
ҿԸòȨƸȵȺôֻҪִҷУǲǺܼ򵥡
Խ˵Խü˳ۣڼѾԪһҪȡԪ˼ֱҪ̫򵥡
ǸŮ˲֪Ҫöٱ
ϵͳ˵꣬Լ̲ס͵ͷЦ˵ЩҲϲֻ˵Ǹˡ
ϵͳ
Ҫʲô
תһȦϵٴЦĿǰȱĻ֪ʶɣȡ֪ʶ
ϵͳԥ˵ԣϵͳΪ֪ʶģҵоƬﴢ˺֪ܶʶһЩ㲻Կġ
ĵ˵꣬¶˿޺Ц˵Ҳ󶨣Ҳ㴢֪ʶ˵Ķ԰ɡ
ЦϵͳӦУܾһɲԤС
Ȼһ룬ʹ°һ̨ι״ĶѸղŴоƬϳȥĶһоƬһоƬϡ
Ȼٲ̨ι״ĶϣŪ£һһ¼ʾϾͿʼֳǴڼȥϵݡ
⡭⡭⡭͵͵۲ңϵͳǰһУȻͨ۲ģϵͳĹ죡
΢΢ЦЦûзϣֻһǳģ⣬ϾоƬĲϣʱܹӵеļģ㻹ǰȫġ
һ㶼ģõһĲõϵȻװһϵͳʱͻΪһûаôϵͳ
иµ£ĳЩﻹ˵һЩܣʱЩܶȡȻ˶ꡣ
ϵͳ붼ȥоŭ𣬲˵һͨ𣿣ôһ̬ĹԪ࣬ðһȹԪ̬ļ
ϵͳԪı̬˵ģκвı̬ģȻǼȹԪֲ
ϵͳµֻȴģԹɵغţԣֲˣûʹеģ¡


105 
Ԫʵ¶һ, õ˵Ͽɺ, Ҳо졣
ûмԣԪֻðеľڹϡ
ԪǺҽҽ֪ʶǼԶڵˡ
о˿ѹƵһ⣬ڹԪ򵥵òټ򵥡
տʼɣһδεʵɹ𽥾ͱľˡ
ԪҲһˡ
һŵıأ
Ĵнⲻ⣬ͻȥ̹Ԫ֪࣬ԪԼʵͷĿ
ԭǴֱѡٹԪʵҵĹ, κιԪûⷽ뷨
ֻ밲ʵ顣
ԪԼ˼££, еıֽдŲ, д𾢣ĵﵽ, Щ˼
ҽ, ûпա
Ԫıͣס, ̧ͷ㵵ش档
ҲǸİ, ôԼ
汻Ԫò, ֪طӦԼղ˵û죬ֽ͵, ҵ˼Ը
Ŷ𣿡ԪתתʣӦһ
Ҳû£ԸоһȺ˵棬ʵǲýǼ¸˵, ֻþн̧̧˿۾˵ú
ԪüЩԸ⡣
濴ԪĲԸ⣬ֵֻ¡
Ԫŵͷͬ
һ΢һĹӪ꣬ԪԷ
Ҳûеƣ⼸̲ˣԵð
ε£˲֪ĻΪƴԷģѡ
ۼŹԪҪԱˣ̲סˣ¿ӣɤ˵ҡҽʵæ
ţ˵Ԫ͵仰ĬĬط¿ӣһֽ˲ǵա
ҡҲ֪ԼôˣȴͻȻЩ˵
û£Ԫ໹ǵһο˽ŵʱǼԺ绽ʱ̡
ټƽʱԼĺãһ֪ͨͥĵӣҲ֪ʲô£ܹŵ˵
ǹԪĻ˰οãƽҾ֪ϴԺſͬһǸŮûС
Ԫ㶣£˵ӦǼı㼾ģô㿴ˣ
汻Ԫֱ׵Ļ㵵òӶˣǺ˾Ƶģصͷ
Ҳ֪ԼôˣԴȥԺǻĳ
´µľЩˣΪʵԵЩȻһǷǵ¡
ҪǲˣҹԪˣǹûл䣬Ͱ˸ȢؼңҲͿˡ
ԼҲϴСˣǰҲûɼңһֱûһʵġ
ʼﻹżΪޣʵûⷽ˼ͷֲˡ
ںòһԼϲģô᲻
ĹֱùԪЩ̿ʵʵ˵ϴμʱףӦûлģҾͲ̫ˣҪ˼ҹﴦҲȥʡ
üһĨϲɫЩ٣Ǿ鷳ҽһˣ³֮лȻ١
Ԫü벻ƽʱȥôһˣҲнͬëͷСӵʱ
Ҳǵһθýˣо飡
ڶ죬Ԫһ硣
һ𴲣΢һԻ˵簲
ǼǹԪܾЩŤõü죡
Ի˵һǷյĻѽղˡ
ԪǽڷֽһϴˮǺ޲һӸҹȥ
ڲ֪⾿ˮ̣Ԫ໹ǰˮˡ
Ͱ͸ϣȻҸһϲı̬ҽԪӣѡ챨
ѽǵӲƷûбģ䲻̬޹ء
ԪǼģõǼҿ϶һ̫
ȰȰͱԪĳѹŵö˭֪˻᲻
ܺãԪڶԻģҧгݵ˵仰
ҡáѽѽԻ˵ԪֱӸñӸס
˶ԻԪųȥ̳˸Ʒģȥ˼ҡ
ûǵڼĸǰŵģ´һҪ
ĸſԪ࣬һӦţκιԪ¶׼Ե΢ЦԼĸȺ衣
ĸԪȽеͷƤ飬½ַھֻðѹԪץݡ
ʲôĸԪ;ûҲǲϲ⺢ӣֵֹܾġ
衣ԪǸƵģѴƷЦŶԼĸ˵
һ裬ٴΰѼĸеͷƤ͸ɱˣбȥҼҪץȥ
һз紵ݶͻߵĸɲҰѹԪԼҶӵ°ڵ˵
Ҳ֪ʱôˣСʱǻûô£Щֶģȳȥ˼Ȣϱ˴ӵĲ
ʱӱڹûҪ࣬Ҳ˳˵ģˣȴԽԽù
ԪЦЦҲǳɣԺ˵ʱҾͽӡ
ĸˣ͹˹Ԫ࣬Ԫû˵û˵ʱ򲻽衣
Ԫ˼ĸɤӵĲˮ˵裬ҽ̽¡
ĸһǿѹǹɱŤУ̲ʣʲô¡
ϴλûд󡣡ԪԼĸûôţ󷽵ʳ
ĸЩ裬ʲô
ĸԪ಻Ųæؽͣģǵλλҽ֮ǰҽԺſڼ㣬㴦󣬽ʡ
Ŷôһ°ĸҡҡͷûǼ˵ӦǻûϵģɣҸʱȥʣɵø˵˵ҽƷզ
ԪؾذΪ˵һ飬ĸԼûʲôĵĸ׾ЩԸ⡣
ҪϴιԪı̬Ϊʵŵ
ҽ֣Դֳ︡ľһѪԴԼǰ׻Խ
˵ʲôҲԸŮ޸һ̬ʹĸ컨׹Ҳͬ⡣
ԪӣЩΣû뵽Ϊ˼ĵĸ˵ǷֲĻȴ档
ԪоͰѼĸ׵̬˵˶һǷϣһ춼᲻ȥʵ顣
ôϲԪģҲһ֮ġ
㻹С㲻ԼҲЦһǰԺ˶˵ԼǽϵԼҲΪġ
û뵽ģǴһķţӴ˾Ԩ԰Ρ
Ԫе治ѣûмǴĻǲżһɣĵ㣬˲費˼룬оˡ
ѵһ£
˵еһ鶼Դڼɫ⣬ǼȻüĿ㣬ҲҽԺ˵ҽ˷ħɡ
ԪĻղŻЩǷϵϣȻѿһ϶


106 
治˵, ԪҲôɰʵ, ˸ע⡣
Ѵ
ֲδĸµҽҵֲˣȥ׷ﻹ׷
ղŻ˹ԪĻ˲ʻЩлҽˣԺԷ
ԪЦЦûӦ
һ°гɿ, ǳ徢֪ĻΪֻʮ߰ꡣ
ıҵһԱ, ˵Ǻܸ, ʤҽɡ
ûµʱͰľ, 鶼xx¼, xx˼, öЩζˡ
ŴӹԪϢ, ÿ°඼гżġ
ģ䲻Ԫྪ, йɳصʣֿ, ͦĿġ
ûڽ̨ľѰһ
Ȼеҵڵ͵͵ļġ
ͬ־㿴Ǳܽҿ̧۾ļ
䲻һİŵðһأ̧ͷؿ档
ûд״ӣҾϴǼѾȥüˣǼ, ڸϵ
Ϊץġ
ҿĶѧУ飬ûΥġĻһ£ܿԴš
ᣬҲǿЦã͵֪ͬ־ҲⱾ飬ղһȦûҵͬ־ٰһ𣿡
ŶõġĽŽ
ɵǣһȦҲͬûҵͬһ飬Щεضʼ磬ͬ־⣬ⱾѾûˡ
˵ģֲģﵹҲʧȴֳһʧУǽǲɣһǸյͬ־ɡ
ϸһ治ץԼģŴصø棬ⱾѾòˣȥɣСĵ㣬ʡñץ˵͡
ллͬ־ѡƵİڻҲߣڸղżĿλã
ļ˲뿪УĲ٣Ͼ͵õǼǣ±˿ǼϺλͬ־
ڽ켾Ķ飬͵ɨеͷϣдɨɾ춼Щˡ
滹û뿪òѣͬ־ҪˣҲЩؼȥɣûп겻Ҫ˷Ҫӵġ
˵û̲סЦЦС˵ͦ˼ģֻһ粢ûпõ飬ȫ̾Ͷˡ
⿴˿ɫװȵ֪춼ˣ鷳ͬ־ˡ
û£ӦõġĲҡҡͷ
һͬУȼİŴãɫѾ
ʵЩⲻȥʵͬ־ԶԶҪһʰɡ
ЩˣƳгſǣܾҼҾڶͲ鷳ͬ־ˡ
Уͬ־ϽȥɡԴǸ˵
ܾЩ֣˵Ҵǰ˼ͷһƣ滹ԭĿЩεֿ˼
ȵ·ٻͷеͩ»´»игӰӣĲɵôǵһα˸İ˹ġ
һֱȵĵӰʧСŵгԶȥ
ߺ󲻾ãΰСͻȻ̽һ黨Ĺ˼ؿԶȥıӰ
ԭΪֻƼˮ꣬ɣڶλͬ־
ͬ־á濴΢΢ЦŴк
áҲ΢ЦҪת뿪ȥ¡
ȵȡס
ͣ½Ųֵؿ
ȡһаװµĸƵǰ鷳ͬ־£ȥ֮˼ȥǾЩףи͵ͬ־񡣡
ֻǿһ۸Ӿ֪۸񲻷ƣɲҽܣǱҵķ֮£ͬ־
ϵĻ˵һ㣬ЩΪѵ˵ֲԸ㣬иĸʹҲԲˣֻӵˡ
˵ҪӵͰȥ
ʵǲôĶ̣ˣ˶ϧǸҰɣҲ׳㶫Ժ뿴ʲô飬Ҫﲻ˵ȫɵǿġ
áѸڼУЦġ
ͽ뼾ÿŻιģżĴɨ
ʱһãԼˣֻһŮӣЩҲôƣֻװơ
ĸشʳؼȻˡ
ռĵĸʵ̲סĵķʻ
ģǲǴˡ
˫糺죬ߴز֪ôش
ĸһʲô׵ģ㶼Ǹˣʲô˼ÿƷ⴦󲻽Ƕˣåûнǰ׼Сû
صͷ
Ĵ£ĸ׵Ĵͣһҹ֮ʹҡ
ԪͨĸĴִ档
ǵڶֱӴƸýˡ
ĸǲͬҽŮģκεֲס̬ģټǰǼһ˲ټĴĶĳʳԼҲͦԸģⲻӦʵЩѿ
׮Բ˼ٶѸٲٰ
ֱ»ҹĶԼˡ
оϡͿ˱˼ҵˣĸĸͦ˵ģԼзӣ󲻱ظĸסһ𣬵üļ˼ֶԻĿ־塣
˰ɣȥϴϴҸ㴷ȣȲŲᡣע⵽һֱվţ۵òУ¹һ·Ļϴ
Ŷɬر·ȥϴˡ
һСʱ󣬼Ĳߴĥĥشԡҳ
ĥʱ䣬ʵ·̫ѿˣ˼ԡ߳
ڼĿʮѿ·ֱѪš
Ҳû뵽ֵݵһ·Ȼһĸ׼ۡ
ĸ׼ǰ۵ģֻҪһ˾֪룬ֻĸ׿Ҳû뼾ʵ̫ˡ
͵ԭպһڼĴЩСˣǰĹҵģƫƫϸֱӳһ͡
⻹꣬ıþͲޣ⿴֪ǺŮ崿ͣƫƫָһ޵壬·ȥ˲Сĳ
Ѫˡؿıк޵ıѪҲ˲أڷֽá
߽ãһ߽ıѪøˣֻֽסӣȥϴɾ
ȵٻʱͿһأüǲ·СˣҸһ
ͨҧҧҲ·£ʱܳԵ̫ãֳ˳ǻǵۡ
ҲԼôˣС󣬳ԵĶĵطͳΪ˲󲻵òñ
ȻǰŲҪҰ㿴
šǸҽǸʲôëҲá
ĸһ⿪Ŀӣͷϴǳǳպۣ̲סʣô¡
Ĳò˵ʵ顣
Լ̫ѨǺķŻᵼӪһϾͻۡ
治ò¿շҪԡ
Ѽѡ
߿ձ߸İĦȣͷ˵ˣŻȻڲҽԺ˿ڶҹ
Щ߳ܵ˵ģԺϰ㰴ĦòãҽԼϹĦҪĦúһ㡣
˵͵ſĵķӦȻ׾ӵĻԼȴˣɿ֣Կ
˵ǼٵģĲŻİĦ
˵ȵĴһһµİĦţľǹʹкʧ˲٣𽥱
ǰɴ䣬סһҴ⡣


107 
Ǿһо, żżĳȥЩװڼҴ档
ȻҲûԪԷһ¡
սСߵĶһ, һٷĹ򣬹ԪͳɹİǸ˺
´δҲýԼˡ
ԪھǳŹȴǷѡ
뿿Լؾǣڸ߲Ϊ㡣
ɽ̫̫࣬ҶŻسǣЩԾûϣģڵسɼˡ
һָ֪߿, Ŭ, ȥ߿, ȱ˵Ҫܶࡣ
ϾǵѧУ⡣
ڲһָ꣬߿ʱ䡣
ʱʵ̫Ѱˡ
ʱ¹, 㱹Ԫ, ̲ס, ȻشԶǿյļž
ͷ, Щ䡣
һͻԪ, һԪܣһܾԼҵ
ϵͳֳĴݲж
ڿ, ϵͳϵѾ䣬ͺ˰ƬоƬ
ѾѾ˼϶ȡϣϲûӡд˳һ¼䡣
յ֪ʶԽ, Ͷϵͳ˽Խ֪࣬˲ٲΪ֪ܡ
ԭ峺¶Խ䵽Ǹʮĺӣһֲɣˡ
ԭ˵ֻܻϱӵʱôһ¡дµһλϵͳ顣
ϵͳΡΡĺ޲صˣǻزȥˡ
Ϊسǵ·Ѿжˡ
ͳǶ£ܽҲѽҵͷޡһ̵ļΪԼۣЩֻأ۹Ԫࡣ
ǿηһδεҩԼע䣬ֻΪԼܹ˳ı硣
ЩҩЩĶҩһĸʴѪ࣬񾭣Ϳʹִѡ
ǵöۣ
һ뵽ĹԪôŬڸı磬粽֮·ȴɷɣ۵޷
ⲻһǧεֻء
ÿһԪ඼ϵŬҪıˣƫƫÿһû
ǿֶѾѹõᣬȥĳ
ҺáҺáҺáĦϵ֣Ҳ֪˵ʲôҺá
ϵͳŬڵҪȥ֪̽ǰϣɵļͰĸ֪ˣʲôҲ塣
ΪϵͳһԼ¼µ鱾ֻҪ˾ͿԴԴϵļ¼еˣǸ
Ҳûơ
ƾֻܼ¼һֻأʱһֻؾͻᱻ˭û̽ȡʸ
ȻѾЩжȡеֻء
˵ʵҲ档
ѾԼԼ֪粻򵥣ƫƫûǰֻصļ䣬ֻܸɵۡ
ûüϵ۲ãͼҴҴҵĴš
ԭҪǳĻȻֹתۡ
㡭
˵Щʲôȴ˲䷴ӦɾᣬЦôˡ
Ұ˵ûȥϹˣǲˡղ溰˼ӦֻֻҪϧԼ壬û뵽Ȼһ
Ѿˣǿ˼ҳϾѾȥˡ
ǰҲд̣ɰ˸ˣû°ɡ˵¡
֪ղ⺰ɤӵʱжཹ
¼ʲô¡
ҡҡͷûиоʱţǾ۾ɬͷۻж
ÿڣˣǹȥˡ
ţҸȣ֪಻ҲĳɣԺ֪Ҫ֪ˣۼ˫׵˫ۣ߶߶ߣӾͽȥŪԵȥˡ
ȵϡͿʱŻȻ˵ʲô֪֪£
һ޲ʱܹԼư
ǿν⣬˭֪͹֪ã֪Ӧ۵һΪ˹֪ҲΪԼԺҪˡ
ȻãȻص㣬֣˵²ù֪֪
մô׾ӵĻѻȻŵнٺֱĻòС
˵ģֻС
۾Ƶؿʮֿ϶صͷ
Ϊ֪ǰǿǹԪͷŶŮ䣬Ԫ֣ܵԪεǼҲ͵͵Ԫ͵ҩƷ
ǰϲԪࡣ
Ϊ˭Ϊ˭ð˴ķȥ¡
Ȼˡ
ԪֻǺϵѡ
ǰǱʵϵͳһļ¼ܶණú壬ǰѹԪдø޶ħͷƵģŻᵼԹԪô
Һá
ӣסۡ
𱻼ƣԲղ˺죬ղŻԪ绰˵Сϱöˡ
뿴Ԫ⻰󣬻ʲô顣
Ȼλûüͱҡѡ
ֵͷһƲֵӣȻ۾һǲؾˣ
۽޲˲Ȼ˵صͷ
û֪Щǰһֱ뿪Ԫ༸Ӧûʲô󰭣֪ͶԹԪޱȵۣúõһҲ뿪
ҵи취ܻزȥˡ뵽ǰڴӳ칫ҿĶҪȡøģǿø
ʲô취üǲ׻سжôѣûйӲĹϵͲܡ
֪֪ũ񹤴ѧûֱ˵뼾
۾һôû뵽
ǴһƼֻҪϵĹˡũʿԱǵˣҹ۲ǴӣʣµľǼ֪лᣬֻǹ궼ҪسǣȡĻϵ
󣬴ؿ 㲻ȡ
ڸ߲ӴʱȻףԼĸĸôϣܹϴѧ˺õĻᣬҪøԼ
ҡͷν˵һЩ˵ˣҪһŮȥزĵطҲ²ǣȥҴͷ󣬵ȵǴ´λƼɵöҰ
ĬȻ˵ɣеһ˿į
ƫƧĵطܳһѧζʲô룬ſҪܾȴס
ǸƾȥȡڼҲĹˣҴȥ͸͸ҲûĽǡ
˵ǴһλСѧʦûӢȥˣһֱûŻᣬȥ
һԾԾԵģûסӦˡ
һվͺˣҹһСȵ˶ʼľ˵·һ¶ѡ


108 
һֱȵ͹, ˲һͬȥӵСѧ
ڵλЩƫӵСѧû, ӵĸڶӡ
ҪһɽܹȥÿԴٽһ¼ѪҺͨ
ûеִѧУ˾Ķ, ЩѧѵĺӰǽ, Ҳ֪ܲ
΢΢Ŵ˵ѧУĺӻ١
Цͣǿɲ߲ӵĺӶѧУ, ÿҶĻС, ҪǴû㹻ʦ, Уͱճˡ
΢΢죬˵ö˼ҶͲӶ
ʱһˣ㿴ЩĹ, ӼǹֵĶҪ, ǼʵûǮ, ȻҹҪͺѧ˵Ҳĸп
ͬ, ԺʱԽչԽãǵ˼Ҳһת䣬ûңֻԽԽãôĩա
ôһ, ǽλʦġһΪѧУũ񹤴ѧ£æ⡣
죬ЩԾôʦ˸Ȥ봦˰ɡ
𱻼ȤĻÿЦãҶ˵ⱲӲ˾ǲˣʦҲǳں棬㰮Ųš
ְײ˵˵óֻۣЭ㣬⺢Ӷû¿Σ֪ʦĸࣿ
Ц𣬶Լָ֪ˡ
ߵѧУſڣ֪ѧУſڿŵϴү˵Щʲôһ˾һҵ¿ǽú̿дĿʱ
Ծãɵ˰ɣСʱ飬һשһ߿ɱҪöࡣ

Ҳһ˼ά뵽ԼӲ죬ҲǲģѹûԷˡ
ǵľҲ׼㿴ʱܿǼʦϿΣ
˵ô죿ǵǰǻдʦֵģȴûˣɵۡ
ղž͸ſǸϴүشŵʱ䲻˰ɣѧУ׼֪΢΢Ц
һţǶɵˣҪȥʣȴס
ˣǸʲôֱȥʦ칫ҵȾͺˣҿҲ쵽¿εʱˡ
һеżȥʦ칫ҡ
ʱİ칫һǳªνʦ칫Ƕһľ壬һľƴģ칫յģûһλʦڡ
˵ѧУһλʦȫϿΣЩʦһÿҪ࣬һϰϰ°ؽΡ
Ҳˣڰ칫ſûվãſڴү¿εġ
ʱѧǺʦȵ༶ʦ˽ź󣬲Щѧ̽ͷ̽ԵڽĲٳˣ
𿴼ץʯӿ𾢣ͻȻһλϽʦĿȿȣ˭
ͼת˾һ㶡
λϽʦı󣬻վһλ꣬ɫĳɫĳ㣬߸ݱֱվϽʦسЦ
ʦôԾʡ
λϽʦͼûдЩҲסǳô˵Ҳ겻ǣôֻҪʦûʦ
˿ڿؾľ޴ϲУ˶Щ״Σʦá
ţ⻹ࡣʦˣһ䣬ôʶ
ʦǰҸеĹʦЦݲõظʦܡ
Ŷ𣿡ʦؿۺؾ΢Щпúʦ˲黹ˡ
ؾЦЦ ʲôŲţĶ鲻һ̡
ʦͰһЦ˵ҲǣͷӾͲ˵ˣĶкöҵû
ʦһߣǷӦʲôϲؿźؾԭ˵ʦʦ㣡
ؾ΢ЦصͷҲû뵽ǷûаҵԶ
֮ǰؾݵʱ򣬲ûв𿪿ֱҽԺ֮󣬲ſϵĵַ
Щľϲ
ԭΪԼο϶ᱻȥԶƫĵطسǶûгͬһӡ
ﰲٴ𾿾һӵˣû뵽ûȥԼ
ԭһĨȸԾ
ؾЦݸȾôҲϣʦԶԶģͺ÷ѧϰǰɡ
 ûУʦԸңҸ˻ô᲻Ըءҡͷô᲻Ը⣬Լ̫ѧᣬʦ鷳
ؾǺãԺѧ¿ˣѧУٽ㻭һСʱĻ
һ
ؾüôԸˣղŲ˵˶
ûУûУ᲻̫ռʦʱ䡣ɽѧͲϽѧô򵥣ÿѧ󲻽ҪҵҪһЩϽȵѧΡ
ټһʦɾġˡ
ؾƿ룬ûסʳָԴʲôأҪľǿģÿ㽲ʮӣʣµľֻܿԼϰ
һԿʦĻЦζ
⻭һ㶼ʦЩ񴦶
һǿƲ˵ơ
ԴӺؾ˸߲֮Աǰ˲٣ڴӵİ칫һ¹ͷɱѧУѧϰ
ʱһУʦʦҲǸ˲ţϾǶеģżæʱͰйѧУϿΣѧѧǡ
ʵʱֵܿ˿Ҫʱ
ҵʮȷرʾǸũ񹤴ѧȡˣϣܹƴһƴ
߲ӵΪ߲ӵ˶ǿġ
⺢ʵϣ͵ֹ𣬳ıˣǸǼˡ
ЦЦñ⣬˵ôͻȻһ̬ôǲ᲻õˡ
 Ϲ˵ŭŭȴȻغˡ
ʶȤر촽Ȼֻؿʼ𽲹£ ֪رƫԶСɽЩȢϱʦҪߣѧ𣿡
ġ𻹵룬ʵ벻ѧҪʦ
ȻǼ޸ʦʦͲΪȢϱԭ뿪
һǺ죬ָ
Ǻʦһͨˡ
ԶˣϵǸ磬ʦһ̤ǰһĻһ̤ҫá
ûпʦҲûмȺʦҪˡ
ѧԶǱ΢Цʹѧ³裬ҲͺƽĽ
ʱˣϵѧϲ˵˵ŮѧǻóС͵͵ڿϿ֡
Ҳ⣬ܶʱʦǰְطڿϾ۾ֻԼ֪ʵڸڿĿµ֡
ִ֪ũĹǿϴѧʦҲ䲻ϵġ
ֻܹĵ׵κһֱ֪бҵѵ졣
λû һӺʦĽﻬһŽͬѧۿ̬˵٣ʵϾ˽ء
Ȼ׻ˣʦץȥ-ˣǵһؾԼûã෽֪ʦȥ˷Ʒվſʦſ͵͵ĸЩ
ѵʦҲһũŮФģԴһʼһֱظԼԺʦֻʦ֮飬ûзǷ֮롣
һһϴԺڿԽݰ뷨
ԽԽЩҪزסˡ
úʦ֣ʦӣеȴ뷨


109 
ũ񹤴ѧ, ҧûлؾڸ߲ˢøС
ïѦȥ, Լȥˡ
ǡ
һ㵽ؾʱĹԪ׼ȥվøһϲ
һھǣϰ־ǻͣڴ߻, °Ҳ֪ǲǲʲô, ѾùԪ¡
ֻйԪݻƽһզզԪƽأ磬첻ϰడ
, ¡Ԫ΢΢Ц
ʲô£ѵÿԪЦݵĹ˼ز϶һѰ¡
Ԫھһ, ɲÿϰ°ô򵥡
˵쳹ҲΪ
ƾһ֮, ɹҲԹƵش󼲲ʽҲûһһķԾ
ȡЩɾͺ󣬹Ԫֲھ֪, Ѿ˹⡣
֪о׳֦, , Ԫ඼һһܾ, ÿǸ־ɵѧУٳо
о˾岻ѣ˭һҽ߷ڡ
ΪЩɾͣԪҲĳڱֽϣΪҪ׵ˣ沢, ˵ѾڰŰѹԪдαȥˡ
Ԫ౾˶ЩǲںģŬоֻΪʱÿ㣬ƽʱ°ϱһ㲻Ц
üﶼ˵ϰ˶಻١
һĳ̬ȻȻ˹˼˵ע⡣
ȥվӸˡԪһƿ˸Ƶվھǰͷģ֪ĻΪҪȥס
ʵϹԪ󣬹˼ҵ鹶Ҫ̤ˡ
ɫ˿ӢۻˣϧԪҲֻúľܾھһĸͷ
Ӣֹһ̽Ԫ˾ʲôģκιԪҧ˲˵
ڹԪһ궼ھǣǲصվǻ¶һ˿
磬Ԫϵı겻ժǼɫףͷߵ¼ʱᴫЩҲͰˡ
ÿ¸Ԫ໹ᵥʱһƷ֪ȥ
ӢҲǲЩֱһȥҽӹԪݣǼҵϿһݹԪһģһƷ
Ȼ뵽Ԫϵֱʶ˼֮еģ괩Ǽɫ£Ҳڼ￴мȥʮЩ
Ҫ͹һŮ˵ֱЩֺۼУӢһµͷ
ûеõ֤ʵǰӢҲäĿ½ۣ
ԪӢĬĬ㣬ˣ֪ؾʱ䣬ĹԪʱλġ
ǸֽһӢĸӵĻֲ̿
ڿܾķǰͷӦҪѹԪ͹ԪܺúˣԪҲǲã⡭ûܾ
ЩʹӢĵĿ־Խƫûа취˵û˷ӣֻعԪд˷š
¿ҲֻҹԪˣڹ־㣬ӢһͰˣƫĺƫȥĵԪһ¶ҪЦشȥһϱ
ӢЩ£Ԫಢ֪飬˿ĻϲڻվŽӼ
һһĻֿͣߣһһسǵ˴ӻվ뿪Ԫڵȵ˽ïǵĻ𳵽վ
ϴ󣡡ïۼ⣬һ۾ͿȺڲͬĹԪ࣬Ѧȥ
ʵЩжû뵽һԪҲͳԪ̬ȣСܾûа׵
ԪֻǶʾ⣬Ŀȴ󣬺ʲô
ǣֱïߵǰԪҲûпԼҪӰ΢üʵûͬһ𣿡
˵£Ͳˣôϴ᲻֪ï׻ϲһΪԪ 
ʲô£ï׻ϲԪҲ׻ϲˣѹ͵˴
ïԪĲգȶЩ֮ǰôûоùԪ£ڹԪϵѾԼԼ󲮡
ѵھǵһ꣬Ԫȥξ˲ɡ
֪Ҳûϸ˵ҿͦҪģͷȥԷǿ˼׼ɡ
ï˵ͷһһֲԤӿͷ
һ̧۹ȻԪÿҪɱ˵Ŀ⣬ֻһ˲䣬ï·ԼеĻվʬɽ𺣵ս
ϴ󡭡ѧ˵ģ֮ʲôûУʦأôܻ뼾顣ѦïԪסòԲ
Ů˼УȻԪ뼾֮Ĺϵͬһ㣬£Ҳ˵Щʦǵôù
ܽᣬ֮ԲʲôŮ顣
ԪջؿҪɱ˵񣬵Ѧ˵ͷͷҲصˡ
ѽѽղˡԪһߣïһѦֱ˳أиоҪٶ˵һ䣬ϴҪȥ˵ˡ
ѦûƿѹϵĽï˭ûŵģûƾʵݵҲ˵ڹԪҿϡ
ҵǲģƾ۸ϴĹϵô˵ҲһǣҵͦһϴϾʲô仯ô󣬸ղһΪҴءï˵¡
֪Ѧҡͷؼ󲮲֪ˡ
˵ҲǡïһţͷҪؼҡ
Žï׼ȥѦ壬֪һӾͺȦûסһѧ
ôˣб£ïͷЦʵ
û£ѧ˵һ·˳硣Ѧ庬Խïӻ֣Լתˡ
Īï¸ռ̵ĴͷѦͻȻĻеʮֲ⡣
ǸĴӣԸ㲻Ҳǿ󣬼ȻûͨѦ⣬ҲˣȻؼʹϴ±ȽϺá
ȥһ꣬ϴȥˣ
Ԫ߸˳ţȴǺڳһһͰѳϵֱȡͬǼöĺɫйԪȥˡ
ɰѹԪŵòᣬãȻ޴ر·ֱκζ
ֿԪ̨òٱĶԻ˿׼ˡ
ԪݾԼҪɢˡ
ùԪ˿˿ƺͨʲô˿װ˻ȥ̾˿ְѶԻ
ԪһҲŰ·ֱعԪƽƽطźãŵ˳䣬¶ԺһԶһ㣬ʵ̫ˡ
ԪٽӵӢŵʱϾҪٽ꣬ϵҲӢһض̡
һ꿴żйڵܵܵţҲΪһܵܶйڿŵܵܳɾ͵ıֽռΪгһջصǰո迴
ѱֽǼ˵ϿĹ¶ĸǺεȵгϢ
ʵЩ߸Ե֪ܵܵ
Ԫٴ򿪴ĺ͸ú侲ӳ淭һŷ⣬ŷֻдһϣһӢģǴӢģԪٵ۾Ȼ˷


110 
Ҫ, һֱӹæµ£˶ɹڲ, µ죬ˮ˸˹ȥ
ƻ𣬼ʹǰǹȾҲûȥ, ǴӴβߵͷ, ߳һˮ
ɫ󱳱ˮʪֳļˮ˶㶣ǸӲӪǳˡ
Ĩ˰ѶĺˮЦˬ, , 𣿡
еҪ˵˵ˮ̧¸, ЩįƧӢŰ
壬˵ˮ˼ҼҲ, ˮ˵һ׿, ָԼһ, ͷ, ϵȡ
ˮȴûʲôصСǴиũ񹤴ѧӿ󣬾Сͬ־Ǵӱ, һ¾㣬¾ҪѧˣʱҲϹˣ׼׼ɡ
һͣʱææģ¸òˣû뵽ͷϡ
𣿡
ûסһ䡣
ˮҡҡˣ̾ϢŮҲ㣬ԭǲŵģ⺢ӶЩ岮ųģܱ˸˲ɣ˵ǰɡ
ͷڵһѧ벻ĴûᣬȻҪԼġ
㿴йϽģÿ˹ȥѧУѧϰߣǵС˼˭֪ˮһ˵£ݾҧÿ졣
˭֪Լҵİײ˱ˣҲһɫģͷòĻ
˼ӣڶΪС˼صúܺãӵ˶֪ˣԼ֪
ˣȥɣҾһŮ߲ܰɣҲãʡÿķˮ˵Ŵ󷽵Ļʵɲþˡ
ˮ˵ļ£Ҳò֣ͷӦţԹԵ
֮Сͻȥ׼׼˴ѧɵúúѧѧжߵĳɾͣҲҪǸ߲Ӷˡˮ˼ҳ߶ˣ߶
 壬ģһúѧѧԲ߲ӵⷬ⡣
Ļ˵ˮЦտúӣľˡ
ˮ˶ԼȥѧҲû̫ߵϾ֪⺢û˾еģڴѧܹܲϽȶ˵
Ǿͳ⺢Դѧϰ̬ȣҲο١
ؼ֮󣬼Ϳʼﱸ
һߣԪҲڰũ£ũԣ˵Ҫ뿪ܹ뿪ģԻҪȴһʱ䡣
ҲǺܼҰĵȴš
µףʰҵļõ֪ͨ顣
ͬ־ԺɾǸѧˣ˴ѧɲҪЩװȻǸ߲û㣬Щ꣬ҲǸ߲ӳģͬˡӳ˵Ѽ¼ȡ֪ͨ齻ϣ֣ص˵һ
ͬ־飬ЩӯŸ߲ЩصĶԱǣҲ˸мӳģʲôʱҼԼǴӸ߲ӳġ
úӡӳļļ򣬷ĵ뿪
ï֪ҪȥѧҲ𾪵òУ§żĲӣһµ˵ϴҲ̫˼˰ɣظôһ£Ҿ˵ô겻ȥأһʱư㱻ϴʬ
ˣ۽һ
ǰһ͸վţ֪ĻΪǵءïûûε仰Ͱڻվ¸˳
һĬȥһ½½Ԫ˲ţûеõţΪԪ໹ǶʱæͰѲؾ¸ˡ
ˣˣ
ļ޲嵽ȥԪ
ؾҲͼ
ϲ㣬ԸԳˡżüŪۣҲ֪˵ϴѧ£ġ
ЦҲԥȥ㲻ҲǣԸԳˡ
źؾ棬ǵͨ졣
֮գ˲δߣؾҲԼףϲ·ƽ
ҵĴСӣ׼˸㣬ѧУҪǲԣܸ翪ڣġ
ллѴҵף۾ҲһĨ˼᲻ûЩǡ
СѾͲ࣬ĵѣҲΨһԪͬѡ
лʲôʲôϵïںһߣҪپۼһɾˣϴѾھǻˣԺѡ
õľǹԪ֣ʵôˣ
ǰɣϴϴôûи߹㡱ïԪˡ
ûе£˵˵ôˡɫ԰ס
ïֻðĶϢ߼û뵽ϴŵһˣҹ궼ȥ棬־ˣ
ï˵꣬۾ͻȻˣǰʱıֽϵȷбһйԪҽ¼ҾһۣΪͬͬء
˶ΪԪܹȡ˴ĳɾͶģΨ۲ԪĲԽԽԶˡ
ռıֽȥѧı֮·
ѧֺܶϵ¼ȡ֪ͨûд˴ѧٿһ顣
ҺµʱҲûлķѧҵῼɣȻûȫø߷֣ǹ˵ģһֱӿ֡
˳ˮ۾ѡϵ
ѡѧƣȥԪ࣬ʦǿǵûУϽȣʼղͬ⣬һμѧϰȵĿУд˾ӣͷǽˡ
붼Ҫַ֤ǽΪҪ֣ܵԪͣѾ˲ôˡ
ϡҹžӰڹԪС¹һϳӰƴȫǽŵɫ
֪Ԫڲڼңֻƾо֪Ԫ᲻ߣֻҪһ۹Ԫˣϲõһ
ʱﱡ˯ĹԪҲȰȰҡѣ˻ˣ档
Ԫ˵ץ·ͳţȻſһ䶯ӣǰһСĵŵӡ
һ˲䣬еɢˡ
֪
ԪʵϤᶼҪ߰ٶ˼һȫ˳
ݰɡҹҹӣԪѼݡ
ڼһ̣Ԫյ˰ȰȰȵѣشӹ˼ҰԼķӣ֪ɵӻ
һݾԪͣΪʲôԭ򣬻δڣͱԪķס
ԪŲЩϻֻϴμδµꡣ
ԪĳٴӸտʼʮһӴһٰʮĸ١
û׼ļһԪ༰ʱɲԱߵĳͳһССĸ
⣬ʲô
ͣͿϻʹܵø죬Ҳڱ
ŵɪһ£ֻ۾Ƶģ΢΢ġ
ԪĶԼзġ
ҽͿΪΪ𣿡ŹԪļʹҧ˼ڡ
Ԫʹƺߣȴشţѳٿ
ǸٵÿҪĸоüûסһСԪ࿪һ㡣
ʪ˳Ԫ಻ûн٣ӳóһŵݵǰұ߿߶
ʵؿһۣЩţдԪŷⶼûв
Ԫ׼۽ǵᣬЦؿʲôʱ꣬ʲôʱ¸١



111 
Ԫ࡭
ͬ־
桭

һڼ۵ĸ϶϶, Чʲ̫죬дÿһŶ߶߶໰, Сÿճ滮
һʹȻԻŴССʮţ
ͷ, ʵû, ֪ԪдԺҲдˡ

ԪĻ𣬼ûס΢΢
һСʱˣ³ɡһţɤӸƵ, ˵
Ԫȴ, ȵָ⸧, ȥΪ˷ܶᣬǿɲУһ߾ǽ, һСʱң
, 
Ҫôſ³ҧΪ˷ܶԵ޵ĺ촽, ͨ۾
˵, ꡣԪ㿪󣬰ĿЩŷϣ๡

ˣʲôʳ
˭ܵԪ࣡
žƣ, ֻҧȥţٴ족Ԫ
֪˶ã϶˲𿪵ŷֽŷһһȾӳ⡣
һţƤʵǷ鶼ֹסðͷǳǳţ˯̫
ԪĻй˺ڿϷŹˣӵ˸٣˳ֻѳȥϴһ顣
Ÿҿͷ˯ȥ
Ŵͷûиɾ˯ˣԪûסЦһëţξ㻹˹ûˣ滹òҡ
˯ԺԪ붼ûӦһš
ɵԪСӣһ䡣
ףܵʹ˯Ҳſ§֣ԪḬ̇ˡ
ԭоһҪʵ黹ڵɹԪһȥͷûУҲһģ͵һְɡ
ӵߵſתѣʹҲԸ
Ԫ࣬ˣҪҪԵ㶫
ҡҡͷʲôҲԡ
ҲУǼԪҲǿ
ֵۣŹԪЦЦĿգֻú󼹱Ѹײڶ֮·
ߴϰ߰ߵȫǹԪµĺۼźǺˡ
ҪҪұȥӣԪЩû·
ֻЩɬ·еģЬһȳһյȥ
һңŵһŨζʵʲô㰡
Źࡣ
Ԫ˸ϣüãһŹ˳
һŴɢζ˱ǵŹǰɻ󣬡ʲôʱȥĲˡ
Ԫʢһ룬ڽͣ˯ŵʱ򡣡
ŶӹӴιִŹڼֻڵζԵθڴ󿪡
ȳڣ𽥷ӦղŹԪ˵ϾˣҲѧյģ֪һҪѵʱ䶨Ȼ٣ڡ
ʲôʱˡ
Ԫֿ̧˿ʱ䣬㡣

ɴ۾еӻ䣬ھɽ亣ζȫϯǰҲûȥˡ
ôˡ㵣ԪҲЩš
ˣһΣȥᱻɡ˶ŵòᣬòݵõѧΪһʱ̰ҪԪֱüɡ
˵˶סˣææҪѧУ
ԪһѰ£ߣѾһûгԶˣθܲ˵ġ
ﻹԶŹԪίͰͣ㡣
Ԫ౻С鶺֣ȳԣҸ㿪֤㵽ѧУûʦÿš
ͳż·߲״̬װ¶ʡˡ
ȻҲ뵽㣬ͷڴι࣬ǰѶԹԪĲй
ԣһ
Ե̫մŲٷԪϸֽ
Ա㣬ʰԼҪȥѧУԪȴסȻᣬѧУ
ôͣ
֪ѧУԪԶúܣھҪһСʱȻѾûйˣ᲻ùԪ߻ѧУ
Ȼǿ㣬˳㵽ѧУҲԸʦһΪʲôһΡԪɵÿɰļ
һɫͲȻȻǿϸٵĻ滹Ŀ
ֱԪһϣź֪ʣ⳵ġ
λ͵ġԪ漾ϵðȫ˵赭д
ŶԪȸԾ˲䵴Ȼ޴棬ųľɫ ֪Щʲô
Ԫ໹ΪΪǼķ˸У־ͰѰȰȰӸѧУҪңϵҡ
ȰȰһ뿪Ԫ˵ö㵸ˣڹԪԣ͸һ֪ʲôʱͻը Ǹżá
˳ĺÿ˵ֺܺ
ȰȰȻûиָ꣬ϰѹ˼£۷̬άֲסһ鱡оƬ
ȰȰȣ
̫죬硣
оƬϸ˻ᣬȻоƬвٵѾ𻵣ԭӲӵоƬаضǽڵġ
ȷְѰȰȰȻָС۷̬
ָ۷̬İȰȰȣһ˫۾ȫǿ־壬ֿ־ȿԪ໹Ҫֲöࡣ
ôĶҲûŹԪ࣬Ԫһ䡣
û£ʵһ ЦЦҪ뿪ԶİȰȰȸץпҰ޸
͸ˮһ򵥡
ԪҲʣѳƽȻ
ȰȰȿֿԪ࣬ͻȻӣûһǺöͲ 
ڼǾ޸Ļֱӱ˶߷磬ƾĿƼٹһҲһ޸ˮƽôС
һСʱĳ̣Ǿ͵ִѧУԪѾԷŻٶȣ·ǻֹס̡
ҽȥˣ⿪ʻİȫУſڻһ
ţҾţѧУʦΪ㣬ҡԪ࿴Ľţ
šһ 󵨵ش򿪳ţһȳһյؽѧУ
ȻУԭſڵıͺ
￴źüˣǵһο˷ǽӿεģ£ϧڵһѧ౦󰡡
Ļ˵һһģŹԪдòֶЩࡣ
ﰲװһߵ绰ǼǺϣûߵңͱһλʮͷϡʦס
ʦ׼ԹԽ
ȻȴȴʲôŭͷʦЩ˷ܵʣͬѧܸҽһĹʽ𣿡
סæŷǽԼھдʲôǲúˡ
ߣȥ칫˵ȻλʦҲʶ·м䲻һѧʶĺõط׼żذ칫ҡ
ǽ¡ЩΪѵһλʦ
Ǹ֮ǼͬѧһҪǵʽʦһˡλ֪ʦУ˵ǼӿˣɱˣҲҪȸ⽲

ԪУſڵ˰ͷҲûæԼŪ˹ȥŰѳˡ


112 
Ѿ, ϵİ칫ﻹŵ, һʦΧһŰ칫, ﶼֽЩʲô
һλͷϡʦ칫, ʦǾͣϵĶ, 
üЩë, ǵĿͺҪƵġ
칫еһλʮŮʦ翴˼Ĳ, ΢Цǰ, λͬѧ, Ҫ, ʦҲûб˼, ǽʽ
˵̬Ⱥصеֽʡ
һ, Щ, һ򵥵òټ򵥵ĹʽѧĽҲ
ɻɻ󣬼Ǵһ⣬һĽ⹫ʽԾȻֽ, ĸλֶɵ, һ㶼ˡ
һ⣬һѧƵؽˡ
׹, һĥ, ѧУǼ񵽱ˣһͨѧһţ
Ǹʦҷǽ£ǱȽϵĴ⡣
ڸ߲ظӳǳŵ, ѧУúѧѧǶˣѧûã£ظ߲ӣʵա
ʦһۣ㶼еЦװƵǽʲôǽͬѧ첻һֱѧʣûѧУ
ԶԶԣǶ֤ʦŸͣģһ㶼
üЩĿɿڴԭһԳʵΪ׼ʦҲſڴƻƣɷµӽмˢۡ
Ǳ峺ӿЩڣλϽͦҲסЦ㿴Ҳң춼ˣϸ첲ȿ㲻ǣҵûȥˡ
ϽһǴբţʦҲҪؼҡ
ͬѧ㿴ҲһˣϢɣǵϿΡ
˵Ҳ뿪˰칫ңһµļ
ڰ칫ҵƹⰵǰһ̣Ҳᡣ
һסѧԭ˶׼˯ˣէһˣ׷׻ԾһһҹȥĶˣʱûյѧУĴ֡
գգ۾治Ĳ˵ûаһ춼ڸʦǽѧϰûгѧУ
ס
ʹɡ
Ȼͬѧǲ׾ӵѼ
ʦһ㶼ĻԱƣϵʦԲѡ
ͬѧ˰ҲʲȻ˲û£Իش˯

Ԫһ̰оûа취תʵǹѹģȫʵҵ˶
һʵɹ츣ľȫˣ֪ʵоԱж༤
¾ֻ߱Ƿ硣
š
Ȼ󡭡
ʧˡ
ɰʵҵ˸ˣȥˡ
Ψһϵľֻ棬ƵѾһΡ
ʵҵоԱ˹֣ҽô
治ŲæƱϵĽ˿۾ҽֲСӣ¶Ȼķִ磬ҹܵűǡ
滰˵ɣȴɣɽ
ֱҶй׼ʱԪԼųˡ
Сˣ⺢ĶȥˣɰϼһˡоͶͦģֻйԪ൱
Ԫ죬һɣ쿴˿˵ǽ첻˸оֻǻƵգⲻﵽŹ
ʲôоǵһʶԪһ
ҽеŵľǹһ˵ۿƵš
Ԫҽҩо֮ϣ˸ûпܻװŪһĶ
۾˵ϹҲҪиȰɣ
ֻۼ⣬ԪಱϵĲݮӡѾȻʲô
ֲùԪܹ洺سôһԭ˶
ȻһǰԺԪ಻ҪҲҪԺ͵ܳȥҲǸйϵɡ
ʲôʱ򴦵Ķ󡣡ĸڹԪԣʵ
ԪüüʹˣȻŹҸҷ𣿡
һ̵ĲȻо͵ľûнǰоصעһ飬עȻ䵽˹ԪͷϣҲ˳ƶΪ˶ԹԪĴ߻Ա֮һ
Թ˵̬Ȱ˵Ԫ飬˼Ҵ硭
СˣˣԪ˵ûпѹΧоԱȻһġ
šԪһӦ£Ҳ±˵
ǹûи㷢ԼҪġоǸԪ˶ٶ󣬹Ԫһûͬ⣬ǣûô۸˵ġ
Ԫ࣬ ˭ǽܵģϲġ
Ҳû˵ϲɶġ
ϲֲģϲֱģϲְЦġԪ˵ǲԾȻǳá
ԭʱģȺǸһЦЦѩɽ֮۵ıѩڣͷҲ
⻰˵˸û˵һоϸϸĥһ¹Ԫ˵ЩϲãԾڸǴ̫
ԪЦ
ҵ뿴ʲôģԵ˴һо˵Ͷ¡һλоȤԪ
ԺġԪһ󣬴÷½½ʵҡ
ʵʮֵ ûžͿһŰðããһƬ˿ï}ûţ·ǻ˸ýĵط
ЩоԱûһµģ԰˳룬ֱصʵҴűعϣס˵ߡ
ʱһȦһȦתתһֻغȺִŰڱ˴ˡ
ȥǰûˣתɫ
ɹ𣿡ʹо̫ʺʵûнȥǳǰѯ
ȡ·ͷףͷɥҡͷʧˣͲһ㣡
ȫʧ̾Ϣ
ʧ˾ٶоοˣǸоĿ͸ҳ㷹һÿһоǾεʧղųɹġ
 ϰٴεʵ飬ֻһ㣬С˻˶䷽óĽһ
ǲĶ⡣
û⣬ǵĻʵ̫޷׼ץȡҪϸǵĻеѾǹˣҪҪ׼ĳٵʮ꣬ʮ꣬ǹֲ֪Ҫ˿
ʵʵʧܲ£ϾҶǴʧ߳ˣĻеġ
Ǿܵǣɹֻһ֮ңһ֮ңȴרҵŬҲûа취Ըıġ
оͷҲһĨ
ֱԪֲò´οСˣʵʧ˲Ҫǻʵ飬ʵһ츣ᡣ
оǾ¹ѹʢܲӴһ겻
Ԫ·νش˸Ƿصͷ֪ˣ涳һһҹȻȥ
ŹԪȥıӰоЩ͸Ԫѹǲѹ
ǻش𣬡ҽ϶еʧģҸղſʵ϶ˣȥԼĥܲ¸һݲҪûе䷽
Ŷоǵͷֵؿ ô֪ʲôġ
Ϊʵġ


113 ȸԾ
ĵѧУѧϰ, αϵ֪ʶܿ, ʦĿȻζ
ϮСС˸Ƿ, ڻſڿǳǳ˯˻ᡣ
ƫͬѧܱЩ˳, ȡ˸߿, һũ񹤴ѧǼķྫ, رϧᡣ
ͬѧõϧ, ȻϿ˯, 붼ûʦС, ʦ, иͬѧϿ˯
һ˲, ȫͬѧĿⶼ˼ϡ
ڼԵͬѧҲѹ, Ȳֻðҡѡ
ôˣת, Ժ촽εԪڳԷͱشϡ
ͬĵˣСѵ, ϿΣ
һ, ̨ϵʦÿòɵ, ⲻڰ칫ҸǽС
λͬѧ, 鷳⡣
ͬѧ棬λʦҲ̫ƫ̻ںڰϳһѵ⡣
Ŷ˲ǵĿˮǰ, ۱ʣּд˽ⲽ衣
дͬʱĵͬѧҲֽ㣬ʦһ⣬ûеͬѧѧ֪ʶ룬󲿷ֵͬѧûнֻϴϻ۵ؽ˳ҲЩѡ
ͬѧǵſЦʱдһ֣·۱ʣʮֹɶʦʦҴˡ
ʦȫһԿ⣬ɾͰ˳οˡ
ʦĻĵſЦһͬѧЩʧ䡣
ʦָϣȻλͬѧѾҽ֪ʶڻͨÿξλͬѧͬѧΣ

̨µͬѧλʦҲ̫ЩֻڿСС˯һ£ȻôһԺĿ˭Ҵ˯
Լһ£ʦҽõġ
 㿴̨µͬѧڴʦذеĽݸָָͬѧ
ЩͬѧڴΣǿֲ´
ﻢµļֻýӹ壬ʿˮЩŵؿʦҿɾ潲ˡ
ʦ˸ơ
濴ֵѧҲΣ´ĺϷ
Ҿͼ򵥽һ¹һڣ·¿ˮ̵ļƣһ÷۱һý壬ʼͬѧϲؽ
տʼЩţ˵Щͣǵͬѧ͵ͺЦ𽥽״̬ҲܽʱͬѧǽòԾ
ʼݵ䣬һЩȽ˼Сͬѧκ˿Ц£ȫھ۾سڿȥˡ
̨ϵ꣬һѩĳźڿ㣬ͬѧһ޶Ĵ磬ȴԵһʡ
ϲʽͷ·һصͣȥϸڽʲô
һɰ
ÿһֱϵ¿ͬѧǶûӦֻýϵδҲ̫Щ
ˣ¿Ρĵһڿεļ¿ʱһ
ԺҲڿϴ˯ˣ
ʦϿεȷ̫ˣԺʦڿ˯ʦʰýϵĽ壬ζ˵꣬Ƚز߳˽ҡ
ม
ʦһߣһƬڣûмѧУϿαʦǼʶˡ
һΧżʶ
һЩŮӣ뿿Ťӣ˿
ֲֻʧòЦЦȻֻӳҡ
ȰȰȣԪʲô
ߵһ˵СŸСѯȰȰȡ
һҪʵʧˣʧߡȰȰȵ۷䴥䶯£Ⲩڴ·ӵꡣ
ͷû°ɡ
£һһҹûгԷһһҹûۣӻóһ󡣡ȰȰȱΪı̬ȣʹѹԪ˵ϲҡ
Ȼɫף뵽ϴηֱʱ򣬹Ԫ໹һҪúóԷԼȴϧԼ塣
Уҵȥơ˵ѰȰȰȴڴҵһƫƧΧǽǣҸž׼ǽ
ͬѧͻȻðһŵһ¡
ܱԴ¿κ󣬾;ﲻǸζԼٱ˼ǵû˵õͷöԷʦǸ
ϾԷʦȨǸԵСˣƽϡ
ּⷢȻ׼ѧʹãס
ͬѧ𣿡ץҲͦҲסװֽΡ
û£ͬѧǸڿϵ¡
ǸͬѧҸûϣҲûʲôҵǸġ
ǹԪ࣬λİͬѧǸеĪ
ֻܱԼһȭ޻ϣΪ˻һԻϷ룬Է赭дز£ͺˡ
Ǹͬѧһе£ȻˡǽץȻʳûи߳ѧУСӣãûгֵĻӦܼ
һԵ̬ȣһ·Сעشٳ͵͵ҵֻƿСӡ
ˣոպãһָĿ϶סشС˳ȥ
ûпһ˫͵۾
Сӣǿ·˳·߶ʮתܿվơ
˽СʱĹԪ 
Կ״ţһԪȥ
Ԫڴϣϵͷ˼ϡǵûһָ׵䷽Уûоʵ飬䷽ǲͨġ
Щͷۡ
ڹԪͷʱҵű˴򿪣ƮƮ߽һꡣ
Ԫ΢е⣬ôˡ
˳ưȵСֳֹ̣õ˺١
˯òЦͷϣ˳ķ˿һز򢡣
áԪ붼û룬ϵһ¡
˫Ŀӣú¶һоڲС
ʱƽıӾͱ˹һţ·˳Ŵ𶯣ػڵϣĸĺӡ
֪˶ãԪʵûˣ§˯ȥ
ŹԪƽȣıϵ·Լȥԡϴˬˬźؼ𱻹Ԫڵϵϡ
Ϊģʵ
ȰȰȣǵѽڵĿƼˮƽ̫޷ͨʵ飬޷У˵ܴġ
꣬ɿ־һ߿ʵϣһҳֽʿʼ˼
XеĹ˼
ߵĽṹ졣
װ졣

Ӱһֱдҹ
Ԫһ˯ڶѾûп˵꣬ұģƿһȦûҵҵһֽ
һѧУϿˣ㰮ԵģһҪǵóԣġ
ֽʾԪȻú¯һС룬һϲԵİӡ
Щ˳ζҲϲģɵۣ֪ǿڸ֮ˣطˡ
ȰȰȣ𣿡ڹϵļŹǷʵ
ˣӺϲ
ҮССȸԾһ ˣóдһҹĹ˼ֿʼͼģͬ˷ܼһ


114 ɢ
, صѧУø, Ͳȥ, ǰԭ·ء
û뵽մСðͷ, ͱ˸ˡ
ɣԼͬѧŵʦСһؿ, ֻӲͷƤЦŴк
ʦڼЦεЦ, ܱû, תͷʦԽ, һС˵־ı顣
Խ, ϵĵʦ, ʮ, ƽﱣõ, ֻʮ߰˵ģ, ƽǹһЦݣѧһкøУʵǸ۲۵Ц滢
ܱŻѧ±Խץס׼û, һٴٲ, ⲻҪԿͷ 
Ȼһ, Ц滢ԽЦе¶ʽЦ, λͬѧΪβѧУţƫҪЩа
Ϊϵʳ¯ţһǰѵһ, Խĵݼֵġ
ϾѧУֲ֪ѧڹҲֻŸеȣѧǱѧУ֪ˣҪģѧУЩŴҲ
ⲻͬѧˣҪĳҪһߵġ
ѧУϵЦ滢ʦЦеؿţҲЩǿѹͷĿ־壬׼˵Ϲʦӵ𣿡
ܱ򱻼ĲҪ𾪵 ߳ŭ˵ۿѧȥһҹδ顣
ܱķŭԽûᣬʵ֪ͬѧӵʲô
̧۴ӣŲæصҹ۲ΧĵΣӦǰӵʱûԤеˮˮŻᵼѧУˮ󲻵òͨɽӵͨɽְѧᣬ͵ѧǵľס̫
Խ󣬲Ծص˵ͷôһ£ˮʲôϵ
ʦʵص㣬ؽˮ͵ðѧУؽԲʵҽӵһˮûģѧУ˵ܱߵס¹һʽˮ
˵Ż²Խɴóֽʿˮͼ
Խ󣬲òϣǸţκιߣܰһͼһĿȻòѧҲס
ƻƿܱסļңûӹ;룬ˣصǰСϡ
ôһ治ӿΣڸѧУǽѡ
ܾﲻԾ
Խûĥܱĳ
һϵĲʲôϵģѧץ߿ѣʦɲҪĵ
ŴЩίѧûк!
ǺӼģʮӻ˲ͼô˵ߡ
㿴˵˰ɡ˵ܱԾԾ˵Уָǲ١
ǿЦЦҲˣ˵ʲôܱǴʡࡣ
Խŵֿܱͷ＾˼λͬѧݲͼңҽϵʦһ£˵˵εѧͽѧѵĻͲֹһôˡ
ͷӱҪջĲͼ˭֪һϵֽҲŻȥһء
ֻöȥ
ȵȡ
ֻûֽϾͱԽǳס
ԽҲûа¸ϣ˭֪ƲЩڵϵֽţĸʽͼ˲ԾԺʱȤ
⡭Щģ ԽԺһֻԣʻżֲ
ԼĲݸ塣Խʵһͷˮ¼ϵĲݸ壬ãЩɶǶԹԪõϵĶɲŪˡ
Խ
֪ģû뵽ѾŵֵزղЩݸƺԵʦ̾磬˵Ѿ̲ˣǼŶԡ
ܱԲԽ˼һŲ֪ੲݣʦֲѧУɷеͬѧӦϳͲŶԣԺ󻹸Ҳٷ
Խ˵ͷʹ̲סһ䣬ܱͬѧץͬѧСӵľ˼ú÷ѧϰϣû׼ҵ֮еɾͣûʲôˣȥϿΰɡ
ܱ˵𾢣ͻȻԽһһһɫĺÿý
Щ벻ͨԽһץģΪʲôûбȱһͨ
ѵͬѧ¾ôˣԺǸѧУܱӲʣԼԼв֮⡣
˵֮ⷬǰԽ̬Ȼ㲻̲⻰һڣԽֱӶ̡
̫ɲʲô 
Ҳ˵ˣֻҪͬѧĲͼܹýϵϿɣͿԽֹ֮˫֣ͬѧҲһ
бµߵĶܻȨûµֻܱһץбµСӣΪǣ⡣
ܱ򱻲Խ˵ɫףݺݵصۼͲżϿ˯¿ӿεѧܱгϢ
ǲʦҲȥϿˡ
ܱһߣҲؽңȴԽס
ͬѧȸһذ칫һˡ

ڼϢ죬Ԫֻʮȥϰ࣬Ȼʵʧˣʵ黹кܶɹģоҪæ»кܶࡣ
С簡
һоһ·п˶ЦԣֻЩЦڹԪУ첻ѡ
һȻԼǲطˡ
ֱ߽ϤʵңȷԼûߴط
ûδ˸顣
Сˣ㿴Ҳоһˣǲóȥˣ˻Ҫ㳯ãͷһʵ⼸ƿƿ޹ޣ࿴ᡣ
оĻͷԪ𾴵ԭǿһŻоס
ôͷҴʵﰭˣԪ
ͷһЦλƣ˵ãоֻǰ۵ķݣǸ 
һĶͲߵӡͷĻϽǹһĻԪ򣬶ϸʲô
٣ⲻǴںģȥɢɢͷҲǱ˸ƳģԪƢʱʱⲻʵʧˣ´ùͷ˼ǰ
ɢģɢʲôģ
Ŷоȥ겻ȡ˼ҪоɹǵĺüҽԺϣоȥָһ¹⻹ЩҽҲϣЩǰȥΣߵľ㣬ƽʱȥоõĳֵҲˣҿ˵㲻ٷ˿ҪҪ
ͷԪȤؿʼ
Ԫ۽´ؾܾˣȥûȤ
ͷһǻѪ˲䱻һ˿ʣԭҲǳһģϾεоʧܶԹԪ˵ǸСĴȥ߿û׼ͺˣҲʧˡ
˵ͬʱʵ˶֧Ŷ͵
Ԫ໷һȦ̧̧üôҶУҪʵҸĳɲңԺҸ콲Ӱ
Ԫһʵҵ˶ͷȥæԼĻȥˣҴ󴭡
ַΧһֱ°ǰ
Ԫµоϣָ£ͻȻʵǲڸŲѧһ顣
ǵоиʵԤ꼲ģ֢ʵóһʸջ񽱵ʽͨȥѧУ۲¼ɼ֢档
ǰôˡͻȻԪסﻹЩģûãùԪץס˰ѣ
û£°ǰҽһ£ҴݹԪָû£๡
û̴ӦԪһ䣬Ը⣿
ҲûУֻ˵ûκѶȣЩȷҪȥôҲԪ֮һ֪ԪϲѶȶֲĹͻȻҪЩ⡣
ţȥɢġԪչüͷͻȻֱ
ʵһоԱ㲻˵˲Ȥô


115 
챻е칫Һ, Խ˽ϵĽڼĲͼ
ϵĽڿ, Ϊˡ
ѧУˮǲû, Ҳ¹滮, ǣ̫, Բųٳûи
ͼеĺ֮, ˲˼·
ʱ˾, ûָʱ, ôҲһ˼, һָ, е鶼ü
ֻȻĸо
ϵϽڷ, ʮ, һϻ۾, ͼֽԶһ˫ǵ۾⣬ʣС̰, ͼĶ
Խָָλϵļ
, ͼ㸸׻ 
ҡͷ
ĸף
ҡͷ
Щ͸, ɻؿԽ
Խ, ڱˣͼġ
ɰϻ۾ժϸϸǰδѵ꣬ЩǲԼ۾⡣
ú, ȷԼϻۻûлֲСĵزʣ㻭ġ
ͷ
Խʵһ£òͣڣͼҿ⺢ӻģʵҲ֤һͼûá
ʵ⻰ѾҪʳڣӷɵı֪ͼһãٲС
ãȻáɻ˲ԽĻֱƹߵѯʵ ӣûȤҽϵѧʦ
Խյõ𰸻ûиһ룬ͱɵĻ͸
Ҽͼģѧġ
ڣϵѧЩװɡͬºǰӣԽҲ˵̫֣һ䡣
ȴǲԼʵӣϵûʲôǰ;ǽϵнѧ֣ʱһɾͣϵʦܼѧѣҪҪҲԾᡣ
ûгԽˣҾǰۣҲĿŵϵ˰ɡ
ɿЩǽĲԽûǸѧŵģ⺢ϵԺȥҲ繤ǽϵǿɾͲһˣû׼ڹʻ񽱣ɾһĻôһӣ
һ׻ǰ̵ñӸԽһֱۣӰѲԽûðɣҲٹ˼֮ͬ顣
ϵǸ޵ݵ£ЩɻȫԼðģ
һ죬ҵҲ˼ҾǾ⺢ڽָߡ
˰ɣͲҲͺӵɼϵҶߣȥǽϵû˲šԽＫȲ
λڰ칫ܲ˵һλѧܿ;ʦ칫ҸǱ˸Χ˸ˮйͨȫֵġ
ĵļûһΪòɿĽڣѱֽһ򿪣ʼдԼĲ
ǼǵùԪΪЩþҲ˯ãҲԲ㣬ֶԪǽѡ
λڵĳУûвҲ֪ôÿϿϿΣ¿¿Ρ
ЩɣУ԰˵ԽѧУʵҵԿף˵Ƿʵ顣
żϵǱߵķҲһЩóԵģȻջȥϵѧ
㼾ܾˣǻƶᡣ
λΪһѧֵ£ܿѧУﴫķзѧУȽϷգѧӲ࣬ôһֹֹס
ԭעĿļһӳѧУֲ˵֪ͳŮĴѡ
ȽϳٶۣжŮԾֵ鱾ʡˤӣע⡣
עòԶͣеıֽϣ¿ʱҲǰλддҲͬѧ
ƧӣǵûЩŮϲϿΧԵŮǾ͸ЩԼûע⡣
һ¹ȥò䲻ȣںķеǮƺԪһ̨ܵ
Ȼ治ԼĹͣȫϵʦĹͣһЩȽϡȱĲ϶ǷѾ˼ǮҲһٱ
ЩʦǮǴģһñػ
ǵʦֱ伾ܸɣ֪Լ֪Ǯʦ͸Ӳˣһµʱڣ̨
ˣ׺òûʹԪУʱԪȥȴѧУĽˡ
λʦ˵εҪÿλѧҪϯֻõȼ١
У԰ĲٳѾں˼㣬ѧŶվЩǰ棬ɽ룬Ϧűҽ塣
ԪվЩҽһ˫ÿӣͣѧȺɨӣǵһȺŮѧѡ
òͳһɾİ״ӣ仹һӾôббһŮͬѧǵļ¡
ÿ
ǲڿҡ
ҽױ̫ˡ
ӴŮͬѧʱȥڨ
ʱ¾Ǻ԰ѧӰ졣
ԪɲЩѧʲôͣѧȺﴩѰżӰ
ѧУûи߼Ҳ׼ȰȰ˵ڼһϲ˭֪վ˰ҲûпӰѹԵ͡
һֱ˲ٵҪǰڨŮͬѧ
ֱѧУһѧ꣬һŮѧӵ١
Ȼֻǵͷ·ǡ
ԪϵıÿˣѹղҪ֡
ǰѧҽǱѹ
Ŷӵʱ룬ҪôԪһϲûע⵽ǰעĳˡ
ֱֵߣӼѪѹʱһ˼ҹĶ䡣
ȵȡλͬѧ顣
ذֲִ࣬üԾزһ£̧˫ĿһӣʱͷһӰ
ʱģ
ûаӡ󣬵ͨԪŵĲһá
ԪŴӣһԲظϸ
Ķû⣬ΨʱﴫԱҪһʱɵ㶡
ŹԪϤζҲ̲סԳڹԪʱ΢ŵС㡣
Ԫס˵ûĴ͡
˵
˱ãˣֻб˴ˡ
ҽʲô⣿һලѧʦԪãΪǳʲô⣬æѯ
Ԫ಻ŲæջһС⣬ɷǵҽһãҵλͬѧټһ顣
ѧУıǰĹҽҲǾ쵱ҽʦμˣıͬˡ
˵뿪һ䶯ŮͬѧЩļ壬Ҫȥҽҿʦס
Ȼҽ˵飬϶Ҫһ徻Ļǹȥʲôң˼ͬѧĲ飬Ǹ𣿡
ļŮͬѧֻٵؿŶԶ
յҽҴһأҲѹסԼϹԪ§ĲӲɡ
ȥԪŭδǿססȥӼ֡
ҽҲˣ˵ġ֪Ԫĵ㣬ַԼĿϣš
ûԪ㣬Ӳ
ҾԼ˼ӣ״ġ
㵨ӴˣҸɣȴܵѧУﹴġԪ಻ϼĵ˾ӣκλ˾͸צƵģӲ
գգ۾ֿˣڹԪľͬ־Դˡ
ûС
ԪķǵķͱһƬס
Լˣι𣬹ԪǹζΡ
鵽ֲԾȥϵİ״ӡ
ȴһֻסϢšÿ


116 
ԪûоԼ
һ˫С, ؾİ״, ʹ֮ٸǰĹ⻬ƽ, Ͱͱʹùֽһ㡣
Ԫ࡭
Ҳˡ
㡭
ͣ¡
żת컵İ, ǳûϧ, ӷ
ҪġţԪЦؽָķ, ذͷקԼ, סһεĴϢ
, ֻ, ÿÿסԪϵ, תɲ, ֻȥ¡
ԭʥ, Ѿ|಻, ʹޱȺڸղ˵Ļ
·Ĺͬ־û·Ĺͬ־Ҫ¡
Ԫķڼ۵·ûеʱͣ»һװ״ӡ
ҽҵˮϴһ, ·ûҽҡ
һ, ûвʦΧ꺮ů
ҽ, ͬ־ôˡ
ҽ, ͬѧĲ𣿡
ҽͬѧû°ɣûʲôɡ

ڶĹʹԪòѹȥŭԼԼðļ
ڹԪ໳װȵļֻùԪǷϡ
ͬ־һδͿҪ, ͬ־ٳһδףµ졣
ƫƫɳƵܳͣп಻ԡ
ڹԪǰûԴ󷢵ãϱ鲻䣬̲ͬѧʦͣû£еСëһ룬û뵽ˣҰɡ
Ԫı鲨޾Ҳϡƽ˵һͨòͨ¡
ļιȥһ㣬ԭЩŽɵˣòȷţôһ¡
ĵͬѧԪָ˼ҡ
Ԫл׿ΧΧˮйͨˣλͬѧմ룬ҪһʵĻϢǶɢȥɣΧš
Ԫôһ˵Χͬѧòɢһռ䣬ؿŹԪѼҡ
Ҳ̲סһߵͨӹԪ໳γЩ߷߲ƽͬѧ˵룬Ҿû
ȷǸղŶ˵˼˭ԪذѼĴϣϸҴñǡ
˵䲻ȣɸղҽ˶һϿǳ˲ϸẹһ
Ҳ˵룬ѧ꣬ԺٲҪһ˵ԺôͬѧԲѡԼڱգԼԣԪǵ
ɣʳˡ
ԪЩЦ˼ȻҪý˼Σڣǲġ
δ˼ļʱ뵽ŹԪղŵôʦ濪˲̺죬ֱͷꡣ
ˡ
Ԫ̧һңɾ࣬ûʲôζˡ
úϢһйԺѧУ㡣꣬Ԫ༾Ƕڱʣµһͷ
һԪҪߣôӱǲ֣ҪȴʲôҲû˵ɿ
ΡΡشӴӴ·һصԪС
óԪϽӹᣬǣ
һ֮ȥٲ𡣡ӻ֣˵ú⡣
Ԫ뵽һϲĵСҲûзϣٴ֣벻ˡ
š۾գգĿ͹Ԫ౧űصһ뿪ҡ
ԪߵűߣͻȻȵȡ
Ԫתĵ˵
ǸЩݣճסҲ²仰ǰԼ˸ͨ졣
Ԫжǰ䣬˹˵
ҡǮ𣿡ڹԪĹ£˵ݵĻ
ƽһʳĸ˵ҪǮʮֲܣҪǮѾɰտգѧУͼ֧ͥĲΨһ뵽ǮľǹԪࡣ
Ԫ̿ӿ㶵óһǮҪǮ
δǮֵ
Ԫ죬Ҫ١
룬ſ³һ
Ԫྪסôһ˲䣬ʼǲˣתһ־òԣһ˲ҪǮ
˼Ժתǧصһ飬չԪ໹ѡ
Ǯ﷭һŴ浥ҵдͽˡ
ԺǮ˻㡣浥ϵ㣬ֶڶƽһ˴һʾ޿ǧء
Ԫֵã˵ҸѹϽġ
Ԫ˵ʲôû壬Ŵ浥˼ôܰ˴һʾ޿ϣԪǺʱߵĶû
Ԫ࿴꼾Ҳûмⱼ뷨ֱӴʵңɹӸ˱ˣּæԼʵȥ
һỨǮİ£ǻ˸ɾ
һæ˺ü죬źߵԪĸλʵص﾿ʲôҲ𣬴ɨİ̵ֲҸˣֻ˵͡
Ԫע⵽һֱڽǴؼҵӣ̣ҫ͵ģ°Ҵȥ
оˣһ칷Ϲ壬Сˣ͵ʲôҪǳԵģҲ÷ǳ
ľʳомҲᾭӴЩʳǴҲЩڸ
оԪֻⲻò״ſ޶һëĻᣬ˵ȻԸŹ
Ԫ಻ԸҪʧˡ
ǳʳҲûйϵôǿʣСϱ׼ʲô˵ĺһ˹𣬲õǲưոݵġ
ԪΣֻðѱصӴӽᵽϣһĲ𿪡
ǳʳһֲһ⡣
һߣѧУĽڷٹĵתоʣǰʧˣ
ͷҲ̧ûУɹˡ
ɹˣһʦ˷ˣ죬óơ
̧̧Ƥˡ
ʲôʦһٴض㣬֪֪жҪõԺȥרû׼ܻ񽱣һˣ𺦿ɴˡ
˰ʣн𣿡
ȻУ۸񻹲ƣר󣬾ͻԴԴϵĲԴԺüʮء
뵽ԪǮʱľȣ˼ص˵ͷͶˣûҪĵһ̯ΪΣҲûʦҽר°
ʦǸѯһȷʵû˭չⷽ£㶼ʹļֱһʧǧźް
ʦǵİͷдԼ˼ȥ
һİԪĿ֮°Ѽ͵Ķ˳
˭֪滹ñֽһ㣬֪˭Цһûͦʵ
ΨԪɫôʵһ˵ô赭д֮
С˺ֽһ̨Сɵǰ
ղЦˣЦˡ
ǡо򽻵οʲôֻǸƽõĲ̫һȷ
Ԫ뷨õ֤ʵҲ˽ͣѸٴ÷󣬱һ˽ϴǸ亮ʵҡ


117 ع
ʱӵδδת, ȵʵҵĴٴ, Ѿȥĸͷ
һͷԵоԱԪ, ϰǰʺ, ŷӦ, Ǹ֪ԪʵҾȥʲôġ
Ԫ·, жһ֧, ζԶ
ǡȡ½˿۾, ˼½ǲ, ´, ðŲȷ, ϴʧܵǸ硱
šԪ, ˼繡
ĳɹˣҲžϲһ, ôɹģоһ̨͵Ĺͣ
Ԫౡ΢̣ﲻ߷ֽ
о˱һʵɹĻϲ, üЦԪ, оͷΪ
С˰˵ʵ, ǲǼﲻͨ, ֲòصôʵͬ½꣬û
ƾоĿǰͲҪܵ, ؼ󲿷ֵĹ˾ԼڵļԴﵽΪɾܾ
ԪĶȻܹ㵽˵ıоҪ
ͷĲ²⣬ԪƶӵļңɵõþúЦ۵ҵϣ˵иǿ󱳾һʼΪŶõСԱ
ͷôҲģȻƽðԣϲװƣֲ汿ԪĻһĥˡ
ô˵Ҳͨͥģô㵽˾ܵ
⻰ż̽ѰԪ಻ЦЦͲ˼һ
һȿˮ׼Ե棬ԪĴ󻰣ûסˮ˳ضǡ
˼ʵûס˱ǸϰѹϸɾϱЦԪ࣬˵ģ근ʮǰʮ
ĵ٩֮Ԫ΢΢ЩҲͻСǿнͣҲûš
ţնʮԪ˼һת̲ػش
΢΢һЦ˵ôڿƼ˳ְѵһľţľȫҲôᱻСӸҵ
˵˵Ż˵ȥˣΪͻȻԪҲѵһľһˣҸͨ󻹲ס
İɡ˼룬ͻȻʡ
Ԫ϶һŨ裬һڣء
棬
òܣ־ÿܡ
ȻоôѯʣԪȴǱտڲˣǲ²ȥ
ææµµһȥǰͨʵ飬ڼ׶ΣȴǷ
ڼ䣬ʵ豸ǰһоԱǶˡ
һòС
ùԪĳ⣬һĶҲͰˣؼĶ󻹿ҵϸԪ
ʲôǿǿ֣ͽУ
ڳζоԪһ㶼ûϣõ˽󣬾ŸѧУðһ׷ӣʡͬһȴøһ
Ȼ뷨ȴԪٵĻع飬ˡ
㣬Ԫǻһ֮ĵģȻ㽻࣬˽µϵȴ١
һпԿԪٶԹԪĹĻ֮ģû簮
ȻԪҲֻǶԹԪܵһͬʣŮ˼ϸ壬־Ӣʱͨš
Ļع飬ȫСĹԪҲ⡣
վһվںιԪٵĹ־ǼۿˣһӢ˵֪ȥһũ鷳ͲȥһŮӶ˲ٿࡣ
־˵Ӣֱ£ҵ˵ɲɣ簮ӵģ˵ʱϲͳɣԪԪ㶼ôɵģһҵ
ֻΪӰ죬ңݱ˳ܣӼëƤСһֱ˶˳
ڹԪһԼʱסһ㣬ӶҪˡ
ȻЩֻǹԪĴ⣬ʵӳܣֺͺʲôҲûзһ·ȴ
ҿҵĻ𳵽վһȺżؼҵ˴ӻһӵ£ѻվĳսڸΧ˸ˮйͨ
һڵĿŻ𳵵ĳվڣ˳ɢȥʱһλ̷װӢˬŮ·߳
Ǵ㣬Ǵ㡣Ԫ۾һ۱ɨȺ۵Ů꣬˷ܵظˡ
Ԫû⺢ӻǰһûԿࡣӢ־㳳ܵʱ򣬶һλƤǵŮῴԪٻǰһװ׾ûûݣľͷһ롣
ԪĿҲɨȥûҲûоϲ·Ԫپ͸ģŶԡ
ԪٺҲУĿɨԼһЦݣѸͨվڣǰһһк󣬲߶˵òô컹Ԫô졣
˵ϵЦȴôҲֹס
˼ﲻλҽ㵣ĸʲôӢŰѹԪн㡣
ǹԪЩһʼûУȹԪԪݶк󣬲ͯ㡣
ԣǡԪǰҲû˻ûиܵ׼鼱֮´Ӻɰץ·ˮǷܵá
ֵԪʱȴס֪˺ĵܻܵǡ
Ԫû룬˳ִӹԪٵм˿ǰУζӣɵ䴽ǣ𡣡
һЦԪҲЦܵȻ˳ˣûǸǰһû䡣
һİʳ
վڻվſڵ񣬼ﻹ⣬ȥȥֳǺһ쬵ֱһֱ򺮲־ߺϹԪĳ
Ԫ࿪ųӢŹԪǰȴʱʱذͷƫĸŮˡ
СٰͲ˰ɡ
ţˣ֣̣ǿɱڼŲԪ۶ϵķ˿뿪Ц
㶼ô㡣ӢͲһ˶ھǵģԸʵˣϵЦݾû¹
ԪһԼһһ䣬ʵⶼʹˣŪ岻죬ĿƲǰĹԪ࣬һ㣬㴦𣿡
һ仰ϵմţ˵Ԫٽ궼ʮˣûдĻʵЩˡ
־Ӣ޲ôĺĺĹŮһ㶼ûŴĴ
ûСԪٲûüƽϣ󷽷شˣ۾޵ƲԪ࣬ûйϵûҶ㶥ٸ˵Ľ򣬵粻Ǹ˸ϲСɩӡ
ˣСɩӣü궼ûмԪһ˵޾ɣǰǻ˸߲ҵظﱸ£˶ûˡ
Ԫ࣬ˣҲҪѶ𣿡ⶼ˵ˣԪٽ¿˳¸ճ̡
ûвֻǼ˺еʧԪ͸Ӿɨһ۹Ԫݣش
Ԫųɿӹݣζصǻ᲻ʧ㶼ôؼˣⲻǶԼ˸һ̬ȣҲڶԶԷְ˲Ϊˣå֪𣿡
Ԫ˵ͷʾ֪ЩԵ£ܹҪˡ


118 ͨ
ԪٹҺ, ҲûгŹԪؼ, ææ, Ҳ֪æЩʲô, ·ڳҲ˳һ¡
Ԫͬʱ, Ҳô²ȥˡ
˼׼̹ס
, һڵس緹, ûµĹԪٳȥߡ
һ뿪Ǻü, Ǳ仯, ϤϤҲҲ·
Ԫſ, ĬĬǳŲ, ²ûôĿ, , ˵Ŀⶼȥ
м¸˵һû˹ĹԪԼĿʱҲм
סʹԼƽ
һˣ¿, ŹԪĻ, þûſڣЦ, ˵, ˡ
Ԫ࿴һۣȻϵĹ־㣬ʮҼ˾彡ûл, ᱻĻĽҽԺ
ҲʲôҪ¡Ԫ滺һ£صһ£ҵĶһԱ𡣡
˵󣬹Ԫǵûие£һȫĵĽ֮УڽᷢʲôıŭЪ˹Ĳͬȫš
ϵ˼ӣ쾪ȵĹԪݺͻֺǺԼԷĹԪ⣬˶Եù򶨡
־ҽ˱ȽϿţȡҲжţֻû뵽»ᷢԼϡ
ӢԪͨԪĻԭЩĵģ
û˵ǹԪС˿ſڣСֺµ磬֪֪Ҫɷץġ
֪ȻҲһô꣬ƽֶǶܾٶ
ڲˡ
˶˹ĵƾݵž㱻˾ٱҲ
Ԫݼ壬Ҳȥưı飬һӲˣͷǷ
ԪҲֻĿ־ˣ˵׻ǵÿ˵ķӦС
Ԫ־㶼̬ӢڨЦʵԪడʲôʱԼⷽġ
Ӣò֪࣬ôݣһʱЩǡ
֪ԪҡҡͷϱӵҲû鰮йκͷֱⱲӣڿһ۵ʱҾͱʶòһ¡
ΪԼ̫СĵԵʣ𽥷ֲǣĪҪ
и̬Ҳ˳ȻȻˡ
ӢĻ֪ʶѷһʱ䲻֪ʶôԪ๵̬ͨã͵ҳһ˵Ҳ֪òãҪһעûõģڲںԺء
ڲҪԺҲᡣԪᶨƣ滮Уûк趨
ӢĬ˻ֽ˵Ȼ˽㣬̲˽֪Ժ᲻ᷴڣļͥܲܽܣȵȣһ˵һµģⱳǣͥ
Ӣ˵žԼЩæֹס⣬˵Щûб˼ϣǿ
áԪͷְĿתƵ־ϡ
־ҲװĬְҲûкýģֻҪԼҸУһԶ֪һȵҶҽĶⷽ涼ܿο£ſľͺãҲ̫︺
־Ҳû˵ʲôԪȴûסǼһᡣ
ϱӶݵдδи׵Ľɫ֣һʼͥǿܺųġ
ȻھãܹӵһλףǺҡ
־󣬹ԪĿȻȻڹԪϡ
ȴûǰô˳죬ԪٽŴþŹԪĲգʼû˵
ӢҲù־ҲգͬˣֻҪԪٲͬ⣬ҲûϾֻѪԵϵ
Ԫٲ˵ϵļҳ
ǹԪݣսľؿŹԪԷһĶ
󣬹Ԫٵûס۽΢һ۽ǻ䣬ԹԪֵ
ԪߵԪԡ
Ԫٿȥ۽ǲ们ᣬ˵֪ǰ˵ʲô𣿡
Ԫҡͷʱ̫СʮԺˡ
˵ⱲεľǿͷأãҺúչ㣬һҪã񡭡
Ԫͷһݣǲͬ˼ˡ
񡭡ԪԪͷ̾ϢǷɵҲͦãһûй衣
Ԫ΢죬׹Ԫôͨġ
Ԫǿ˵ܵܵ뷨һΪЦóһдӢĵ
Ԫӹһ۱ɨʮ۵ĸ֣ʱ𿪵鶼ûˡ
ǸҸдţҲ֪ô̽ҵַ˵ڹûãȰȥ̳иң㲻ԸǽһŮϣӾͳɣôٲǽܵġ
Ԫ˵һس𿴵ãϣҶϡӡ
Ԫ˵ĸָҧгݡ
Ԫ൱껹СѾûм䣬ԶǣôϳңĸΪܵβͣĸ׻δʱһĹϲ׼̷ա
֮˺֮裬Ī˵ڹ⼰Ǽнɽɽϡ֡
ǿ˵ܵ 
Ԫһֱľ
һĸ׵ǰУһǵܵܵҸɽѹĿڴ
֪ܾܵȻϲŮʱֻǻƬ̾Īķ
ϹԪ˫˫Ԫ๴һЦȻչˡ
ƮƮԪٶУǧһ㣬ҵһӸȶ
˴ɣزصĲԪٽѹͷһ׮£ָֻյˬٴܵܶ뷨 
áԪûоܾҲû˶Ӧһ˫ֱĳȾȥ¡
ԪݼҪߣ׷ȥʣ㻹ûҵš
ԪͷҲصػӻ֣Ҫˡ
ˣǲԴԪֱţȻûȥο
ڼеļҳڣ֪飬βصͷѴϵͳĶȰȰϡ
۲߲ۡʣɱȵԴϵͳʱˡ
áѹϴܹȷȰȰȺֲܲôʹС
˵ŷӦоƬûи󶨣˵ġ
һ£ܿͺˡȻȰȰȻ᲻ΪĥϵͳʱоƬö٣ϧ
Ȼڽһǿѹ£ȰȰҲ𽥲ǲƵʶ쿴оƬˣڼо飬ΧΧ̵ûѡ
̵ڿдһž죬ԼԼйɺζ
ű ʱˣصբս̨һƣȰȰϵսĵطڵȥµоƬںϳɽɫ
۾ɹˡ
ȰȰȵڻָͬʱʧȥļҲһһأͨȡһһĹȦ˺ܶ£ֱһȡ꣬±۷̬վڼǰˡ
ֹ̧סĻҡҡͷͬƺ
ǰְ֣ȰȰ³üЦԷǵĳƺ


119 
ǰ, ҲءȰȰͻȻĳƺһʱЩ
ȰȰȶ۷Χżֱת, ҪģҪģ಻һֱ˵, ֮ͬĸ˾, ҽд˰ְҲǲɡ
Լ۵ŰȰȰְʵھö񺮲, վɰɣҲϰߡ
աȰȰ˽ľøĴûʲôõģϧ˼ҲҪ
ȰȰȻָ˶, Ӷ鶯Сڿлȥòģ, , ܻϵͳռװ׺һ𣿡
һӻȡôϢ, ȰȰʵǱﲻסҸ˺ú߶߶, װõ߶
Ȼ࣬һܹ˵ꡣ
Сһ, æֹ
ȰȰһ˫۰ۺͫĴ۾ؿ״Ϊʲô˵
ȥˣʱѾŤת, ǰЩʹڹȥɡðָȰȰԲСԴһν
ǴˣΪô࣬ǲ˵˵ƽȰȰ漾ίҲû˱ȴ˸ˡ
ЦЦͫױȵĹâ˵ĲԣҵĹ⣬ȻеңԴûʲôƽƽ
ȰȰҭһô˵Ŀеָߴ˼֡
ܿ죬ͱĺѣˣ㡣
ѧУɣʰһ¡һ𼱻ǵʰʵȥˡ
ԪڼûҵòϵȰȰȣ֪ѧУֱǰ
˵ĵһۣɷ˵Ͱʵ˿ε㾿ǸѧУٺô˶źˣͲš
Ԫͷ˵һͨǵûѹһЦЦա
֪Ԫ
ͬ־ⲻǼﵹڲòҵһѵĳðײá
͸˹ԪƢļǺ˵ֶߡ
ϧһħһɣԪŲһ٣۵ҸǮأͲ֪һ׿·
ǮҪŸ豸ϹԪ˫ֻͫӲͷƤش
ɵԪ˵㼾Դʵ벻ͨôɵôɰˡ
Ȼɵÿɰˣҫ⡣
űԪʹĶͷֵͲ㣬ҵԴڿǺܱģҪɵô졣
Ԫ˳§סϸɵҲҪ㡣
Ԫ˵Ҳʲô黰мֵ٩棬ȴЦ졣
ڷ˺٣ѧУյģ§ںɪɪУ԰ûиоֺ䣬˿˿ůάϵķ
ʵߵѧУ⻹һβԶľ ¼ţԪǣԼš
ַڹԪĶֻůģӶǴһССǹЩϲͳͬ־ҵһǡ
šԪܰĶżڶﴧЩǣûҲ
һûУһԡ
Ե쳣˷ܣԪΣֻһߵĴ¶﷭һ飬ϧ칫ûˡ
űԪ෭տҲĺɰЩʧнеһŵ°ιԪߣ԰ɡ
Ԫ캬ζӣǼϲġ
ζģ𡣡
Ԫ಻˵ãһ˵ʹҲ԰ϧǾֻһš
Ԫʧı鹴˹˭涨һǾͲܷųˣ
ɷ˵ͷסʧеļһɨͱԪһ뼾С
ԪͻĶ۽һƯضϵζȴС
˵Ĵ䷭ɣһ𽥱Сֱʧͽ´ζ
𡣡ԪſǵͨļøʵıǼ΢ıǼʵ
𡣡⻹ӵζñǻҪǹԪǡ
͸ߡԪЦЦ֣Уţ˸ĸʻ
ǵκļԴתˣԪǣű˶֪
һ·˹ԪӿڣŴӸղ̵״̬лζʵҪؼö𣿡
ǡԪЦ漾⿪ȫҪؼҡ
ȫû׼ļֱӴλϣͬһ
ظҶѣ˴С֡Ԫ漾һ±紵ͷЦ˵
ܹԪĶᣬҲеᣬǻҵԼĺɶƣʲôǿյĺŹԪ½ǣĿİͰ͵˵졭ܲܲȥ𣿡
ˣΪʲôҪ졣Ԫ಻ͬ⡣
˫֣һĿϣеһŲģ㿴ʲôûС
һίΪѵӣЦ˹Ԫࡣ
ûϵֻҪͬҽȥ͸ҼõԪ֣ʮָۣġ
ԪȵǣסľȻһ˿ɶܿ뵽ʲôɲɣһ˻û׼ãҶô졣
Ԫ뿪ЦҾֻõȥŮӦòܾİɡ
˷ˡ֪ԼһʼǺͬһ𣬵꣬£Ԫÿ¼ֲиĵŰݷãͷġ
Ԫ౳˿ʱڼ߶ҪôТ˳ĶӣζҪЦѡ
ԪҪȥŮĻһͬһ
㻹ڵʲôʧҾͿԵҹȥŮΪңΪǵҸΪ˷ˣǲǸ¸ҵǰߡ
ǹԪ˵̫ ˣһ˲ı򿪳ţһԵԪſڳȥ
Ȼڿ˼̨ʱһ˲˵
ôˡԪ׷ϼĲſڳѣǰʵ
ûĿ۹Ԫࡣ
Ⱳ߹·ǹԪ·
ո˵ÿǷڲģԪ㣬ļôߣԼ߻࣬ҪԼ˹Ԫࡣ
һǸźŰݷðɣʵЩͻ˵
ߵǰˣһܷߣԪ˫ִ̧̧ü
ԪЦˣȳϣ벻ȥԪ໹ܰȥɡ
ģҲġ
ϧ׻ǵ͹˹Ԫࡣ
ԪǰסҪ뿪ļ˵ͽ˿ڼϣǽҲýҲý
Ԫ࣬ſҡԪ࿸Žȶˣһõӡ
Դ۵κʹŹԪĺ󱳣ϧԪû֪һ㣬˴ּ䣬֪ͽ˼š
Ԫ࣬ʲôءǡԪԺˮԪ࿸żţʵ
ֱԪһ仰ŵ˻ȥס֪Ǻá
ԣн㡣
ԪĻǾһ㣬һץסؽһã
˵ͺˣһԪĽȻǴ˾ˡ
ºˣȫˣ


120 
Ҳá
ԪҲû뵽һμϱȻַʽ, ҲԹ˼ң˶ܿǹԪǿ˼ҵġ
Ľ, ȴʵʵڽ˹ԪٵĿϣϼֵҲһǸꡣ
һģһ, ֻԸתһ£ڲҲӰ, ͵ܵܡ
СʱĹԪǰһų˭ǷǮһ, Ҳн㣬ڶһϱԪԸر, պ˿ԻҲֲСʱһź
Ԫ໹ûа˷˼Ԫٵͺ, Ԫ, ʲô, ׼ǿ, ܶѧѧ˹ȥˡ
ԪһɤֱӰѼ˶˳
ǰվһڵĹ˼ˣ߷ѵ, ޲ڹԪļװװðԼȥ̫պúõ
찡С硣
Ԫһž;ùԪϿӰЩϤսһ쾪
̫ˣ
ԪҲû뵽, Ȼˣ
ǰҲйϲԡåץ|ģʱ˲£뼾úã˽µ٩
ǵʱҲ;룬û뵽ȻǸ˵ˡ
⡭
ԪһʱҲ˵ԼǼ֮Ͷˡ
ϹԪ˫ͫ𾪵ӣֱ˲ۣʹһ¹Ԫļͷ
ǹԪٲȥ֮󣬡ɾ治ˣ
ͷʹдԪҲ֪ԼˣԴǸİѼ
ĸһ䶨·ͷҲκҪϵ
ķǷԺƽĥӵĥӣһȥðԼͷĸ
ǹ˼ȫæǰ
Сİ
Сġ
Сģ
Сģ
СͬʱͬʱĵӰҲ嵽˼ǰ
ڹԪ෴Ӧ죬ʱ§סϸļʹй̶㣬ˤ

˼龪һͬʱԼͬغһղŲûǸ
ǹԪòᣬԹԪӲǱԪ࣬ˣôôɣղһˤȥˣ
ԪĶųؿڣԪǲӢɥޣ۽ȴ鵽ݵĶ֣ĬĬظ˴ʡ
ԪһҲµĵͷ
˼Сͷţͳ˲ӣͷô˼Ҹĸ
Ķģ
ԴָգգۿűһԵĹԪ࣬ĪЦ
ֻйԪ۸˵ʱû뵽ԪҲƤСѱѵʱ
оô¡
ҳĽŸУʱӰ١
ˣվԺˣ˵ɡȹԪ󣬹־ҲվԺſֵĶãԪ£ǻ˵Ů˼ҼͶ࣬Ҫǽ֪ˣӾͶ֪Ǽ̱˼ҿɲһ
С磬ǽݺȷˮģˡԪݼԪ೶żͰ
˼ҵķˮɲ˭ܺȵģƽͨŲһˮһˮֻзǳҪŲó
ȻҲķ۲йء
Դ֪ԪҪźӢȥµģԪ۲˺þá
۶ˮССһףˮˣˡ
ŷˮŹ˼ңϴʱûʲô仯ϴҪɾö࣬ɽϦӦɨ
һϹ˼˽ԱĲƽӦеˡ
ⲻΪĵɨİɡ
СҲǵһˣ͵Լһнʲô̸ӢΧȹϵ׼ȥ
״ں걭ķˮҲӢĲ׼æ֡
ֿտնѾ߳ˣûٸŵȳԵĵġ
Ӣ󣬷Լ󻹸һߣ׼æСβͣЦãкӻʲôȥԪͺá
̣ҾԣᵷҵġȻ˼Ѿ֪ǵĹϵҲŤ󣬴󷽷ŹԪƺ
ĳ౾꣬˵ҲɵòУһӾͷӢġ
ΪĺҪ̫֣Ҫ̫ƤͷּۣȲֲƤĺӣܵġ
ڳæԪҲܾɿţҲŽȥ
ֻԭͲĳһӿˣԵЩӵˡ
ӢѰ˼Ҳýм͹ԪеκһȥĬĬĨһ̨Լȥˡ
÷
׼ùԪݳȥЩͷ±˽ͳͷ±£˭ռų˵ġ
ȻӢ׻С˹Ԫͼ
ûãʹǵвһͲûŪ졣
˼˶һ۶վųſڣй۲졣
ֻԪ뼾ϼˡ
һвˣһϴ˵ݲˡ
ò൱վһĬ䣬ͺһһ㡣
żвˣԪ̲סʵʲôʱѧġ
Ǽǵõ½ˣѧ˼춼ûѧᡣ
Цתʵʲôʱ˹ͨǵĹϵġ
ûͨԼµġԪཫкõĲװ̣ܺùȼ𣬵ˡ
سԪϲĲˣ¾û裬ÿӼһȥԪҳζ
һڣԪ̲ס۾ձˡ
ޣƲסԼǣ¿ѧһĳա
ĶѧġԪһӣòĲ˶˳
֮ǰ¸һʦѧģԺԺòáڽͺεʵ
ûʲôܱΪϴܵõ޵ĸӿĵˡ
Ԫ붼ûܾˣá
ԪķӦǼûϵģе٣ǲԼջûдꡣ
Ԫ๴ЦЦ˵һ۵ô졣
Ҳ۰еĹø·ȫʹľһ
Ԫӱס˵Ͼϻ治𣿡
ʱͺ͸ˣ͸ҡ
ڳĻļ˿üüŪۣദúãһķŽ
ʱ͸ɻ⣬Ϊһʱúʲһڿƽʲô⡣
һ˳Էʱ򣬹ԪپͰĸΨһｻ˼
ҲʲôصĶǹԪСʱһûˡ
ϣ˹һ.
żѩ׵СѾӣԪ붼ûͳ֡
ԵԪǰԪ׽סĽţ̧ԼϥϣǶĽϡ
ΪСӳ󲻺ȡһ㶼ƵĻۣĽ׺ϸû뵽ȥˣ滹ѩ׵Ľףɷǿɰ
Ҵϡͷˮ
ڱ
ŶĵͷǾ£ԪԺŵʱɲԲ
û˵ڣͱԪѹ£ϸ㣬ڹԪͷһ巢ö졣
һϡ


121 
̹׺, ԪüĶ
Եĸоڴϱǰŵøˡ
һȽܿԼĹԪֱӾûס, һϡ
˶ȫĶȥʱ, Ǹоʱŵġ
ףһĨٹӺ쾡ͷش桢, ӹеķݡң㾡, ҫ۵ӵߵ˯ϡ
, ˼һ, ȫźȦŹǷ͡
ʵϣ֪һƺһ, Ƿȥ˯, ò˯ȥ, ζεһ, Ӱ˯
ԪݰŻûۣڲϣûûζغ, 뵽ʲôᣬСԹ, ˡ
ʲô, һģ⺢˵ʲôСץţĸץߡӢԺŮ, 
ѵһˣԪҲ⣬죬ͷࡣ
־Ů죬Ҳŵ˵ҲˣҲ죬һΪء
ףԪݾһѵֲɡ
ûбϹ˵Ӣô˹Ԫݵ룬ĳԷ
˵ҲǸˣΪ˱ﲻҪĿֻţǵûĺãöָҪôš
㣬𣿡Ԫݼòĸ׵ֱͬתͷԪݡ
ûСԪһ˫Ư۾£һƬһû˯ã׼۾˵Ϲ
ΪķڹԪڣҹ˸ԼԼ
ѹдһ㻶|䣬͸һ˷ܣֱ㶵Ϊ˱Σҹ˸޻ԼȥҲ֪ʲôʱ˯ŵġ
ѵֻҸְˣԪݻ֤۾תòƻȱˡ
ҸС绹ûȥǡԪ˵ž¿ӣҪ
ȥԪټʱס
ΪʲôԪһ˫۾֪
ԪοԵǴˣ˶ϲ˯
ΪʲôҲǴˣ㲻˯Ԫգգ۾Ļںƭ֪СһŲš
Сĵܸ˯£ǽвѵġƭãԪپֻûί˵
ԪĿӼ룬ȷûѺ󣬲ŽŽɵ¼緹ûڣֺܺʣǴҲһ˵𣿡
ۡ
ԪֱӱõĻ𾪵˳һز˵ԼǺ
Сô⣬ԷͺúóԷǺġˣӢɿһëԪٲãְ˳󣬺ذѹԪݸˡ
Ԫ˳ɫ԰׵ضӢҡҡͷ̣û¡
Ȼתͷһίί֪ã͵ǴҹģҲ֪Сжôףһ϶кööĻҪ˵԰ɡ
šԪݼ͵úҲֵͬ˵߸˳緹ܳȥˡ
ò״СĹԪһȥĲ֪ôˡ
ۼ˯˶һһ֪һֱ˯ʱֲתѣǱѵġ
ˡϦȥ峿һҲû⣬Ϊʱ仹硣
ԪԺתͷȥͷֱһۣ㣬ټ˯ᣬ˽𴲳Էġ
˵§ż۾
ԭæ緹ģһʱ仹磬Ҳû⣬ڹԪ໳СŵߵҲü
һۣòԾˡôԽ˯Խڣ
ԪʱҲ۴⣬ùۣɫ临ӵ˵Ѿϰ˵ˡ
!!!
һ˫Ư峺Ĵ۾ʱɵͭ壬ײײӴ·ﻹ߶ˣô˽˯һһҹ°
Ԫڴϣ֧ԴЦؿææµµ۷תתȥ
㻹Ц·תͷһƵĹԪ࣬ûסһͷȥ
ãҲЦԪЦݣͷ·źãȥһҪ˼ûС
ˣû׼ҶڵһԷء
ڼ£ԪôӴ
ƿźͼԤϵĲҶڵ˭С
ҪٳʮӣԪ׼ȥˣСʲôҲ
Һãˡ
һ˵·˭ҲûΪʲôôֻ˿Է
ʱ򣬹ԪͻȻԹԪȻ㶼˹סڼЩʣ㲻Լ׷ҿʱǾӰȥס
ö˶˵ĸȥڼסɺõģ˶֡ԪݲøڼͦõİżܴӸõĸ㻨Ǯ
ȻҲ˵ȥͲǻżǿԻסģƽʱסҲǰɡԪپԼѾ˵úίίˡ
ǲӭܵܣʵСﾫʢҹҹϸ¿϶ǻ᳣еģ⣬⣬Ҳܽ˯߲ɡ
һ󣬹ԪپûõܵȥȽϺãﻹеܵãܲҪÿ͸ϥ̸
һ˹Ԫٵ˼ȻסǸڣϷֲһʲô
ȻѹԼż鵽Ũʱǻ̲סССķһ¡
˼ˣСʱ糺޲ʱ⵹ȥֹԼ
֪ˣ㣬´λעġԪϵûʲôߵģҶǳˣ໥һ¾͹ȥˡ
Ԫټܵ˼û˵ˡ
꣬˼Ѱ˼ŹԪ뼾Ҳܰ񣬾һԸ¸¡
˼Ҷڴ»ǱȽϿصģǶȫõľƵ꣬Ȼûлʽе̶С
һھһ𣬳ԳԷ죬ҲǼΪǢġ
ӢǼ˵ˣû˾˵һȥ
־żְֺȾƣְʵͽĺӣ˸Ӵ򲻳һΪЩظտʼ֪ԪºǷһͨƢ
ϾϡϷϣȴĴ治С
Һ ŮͨŮӵͷ磬ϹԪָڡ
ȱʲôʲôһʱæ׼˵ҲʲôֵǮĶ˼١
Ҳ̬ȣ˵ֲٿ⣬׼һȢϱǮ˵һӡ
һڼھӼҵĶӶȢϱ˵ǱϱߥŷּңǱϱߥǮ
ҲͦõģԪ಻ߥ޶Լҡ
Ԫ͸ҵûˣԷʱҲнüĵÿɿˡ
ԪݲټʼиȺ۵ĸ磬ҲټʹԪиܸɹĸ磬˼ìһԺ͡
ڹԪͼһЦžƱ˫ҳ湲һơ
ͬģúϡ
ϯʱȵĿڹԪļϣʮָۣС֪֪ҵһѾ˺þúþãõҶǲþǶˡ
Ԫסһֻ֣Ӧ֪һֱ֪
ȫꡣ

صС˵www.27txt.com ȥС˵
½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ
