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Ϊâɵǣʱӵиǽͷеòģְ٣кƢˣƣһȺ˿Ļ˵ֱȦһ

дѧʱùص֢ɱĵزɾڴҵһʱʱгϵسˡ

˵˶Ϊտòãȴû֪ĸõÿҪˡ֢ģɱҲģΪһˣҴ±˻Һңûʬ޴ĳӡ

ӻڲӰĿʱҽɳﰧģ䣬Ǳ۸ûҲ᲻һǰ㡣

ˣʱе͵Цţ⣺Ǿְɡ

ʱԳ嵭һУȴйص¡



ΪڷⷢȣΪⲻ֪Ҷԣҵľݡ



һů¡

֢X С̫ 

ע˫࣬ҪΪУ԰ƪһʳãж֧~

ݱǩ 꼾 ж  У԰ 

ؼ֣ǣʱ  ǣ   

һ仰飺ֻһ 


 1 

CеһҽԺ賿ʮ߷֣ʮŸСʱĺڱ̵ơ
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صҺ΢Ľû취ôԼϣȵƣϴϴɺãɫѾʼ𵭵ɫ
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ոջûø˵ʲôʱǱסһһҲ²
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ʱȿˣŲ˻ƣòİߵĺӣҪúñ
Ҫ𣿡
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ܿ죬ˮһŽһ£˳Ų졣
ѾԭˣΪʲôΣҲ϶һ
ںˣﶼԿңӦúܺ˰㵽ǲǲӣΪʲôڻң
ʱбСҹ˸һ£Լˡ
ʱУ㣬˵ʲô
ԼʱûèлķʣԾ˵Ի
ϴΣϴΣϴΣ㶼ߵúÿ죬ҵ⣬һζûлشҡץסˣҪǲشߡ
ĿǻĺݺݲһһҩʧЧʹд˳žһֱӵĩңߵǼ尾
ʱС
С壬ʮˣöˣϲҵģҵĶУҲ˺ö£õĻĶ԰뿪ʲôˣˣˡ
ֻ׿ڸ㣬ûб䡣ٹһʮ꣬ʮ꣬ʮ꣬һֻһСڡ
أʮˣǻ֮һʱ仹Ҫôģô̵Ķܱĥøɸɾʱûң
㵽ף᲻ϲң
ž
׵ҹһ㶯ҲԵͻأ
תͷŮͦŴվſڡ
һַţһסԼ죬᲻ҪǮһƴƣѹסʴָ˱ͷᡣ

ڵȵˡ
лҪ˵һû׼ƪжɣ

 2 

߶ֿʱԾĲǴİδϲܻҲǹʰĽҴ¥¥Ǳʦ䱦ͬѧΪϣ֮ʱмûн࣬Ҳûнʰֻ࣬ǽ˲ʦʻǰ༶ۺˮƽֻ˵ͨµࡣ
ϣ֮ⷴһԾϣ֮⣬˶һ±ơ
еǲΪְ࿼ûãҲԶı˵ڸССĲ²һ֮ûһվȽŸ
ɼ棬ʱзְ࿼һһ˦ڶʮһ֣˼ʹϵ棬Ǿ͸ܡ
ǻʱѧУѾСúã̸ߣҾײ˵ǳ鿪ƢãĬȤЦΨһȱǻһƥ˭ҵĵģһƱƻתٴȱ㣬ҲܱŤŵ㡣
ܶŮ͵͵ϲҲˣûдڵĿܡ
ų˿ߵѡʣµĲ²ǹ½һϹԭҲҵĺĶ͵ÿҪը
ְ汾ҥԴһʱǰͬȥ󷢴ȱԭ̫ѹˣҸİ༶ܴģҲõһ
һĳԹȺԴҲ벻Ľ͡
аɣ̸ĿΪΪ
˵װ̫ʱдԲôһ£ͱһš
ͨ׵˵ʲôʲô
ڲ٣ͷŸСͬһ㲻մߡ
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ͬ
ʱз߷߲һԼСܣڿһɵơ
Է緹ܾȥͶ룬ʱתͷֱ߶Ұ칫ңϧ첻ԸǰϰУȥˣ첻ѧУ
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תͷλĬǽе׵СͬҲڣصλʱÿһӡŲ֪ƵĽӻس롣
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Ҫǲϲ˺˾С
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Сͬðװ׾ģģЦҲ޲ðһںȫ¶ֻǺüۺÿĻȡ
һ˲䣬ʱоСʱ򿴵һƬˣֻС¹ǽа߱Ȼʲôġ
ֻ߱¹Сͬͺ
ܿɰ

ѧһ죬Ƿֿƺѧһ죬ÿÿζὲʲôʵԵݣοʦ붼ڸģҪ˼빤
Żţһͽˡ
ѧͬʱͱɿվ
ǿǽһ棬̫㣬ʱм״ϽվǸسЦЦС˵˾Բ󣬺ܿܳ˽ҡ
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ϾСͬܰѧϰӣԾԾʱ޲öҪȥˡ
ʱүܲܿ
ڽſڵȵе㲻ͷˣſ¡
ʱУף˦һ߼򣺡ôＱүˣ
౩ˣ˵˼ٱôңƵģҪ
ǡ
õСࡣ
ʱƤһºܿģܳȥʱһ貨΢ŤձܿĽʮơ
վɰΡ
ʱв̣Ǽܲסư˰飬ҹʱ϶һɢȥζžͷθ
ͳϵζתһ˼ˣ򳵻ȥҪʮأһ淢ͱøô죿
̫ˣҵøϽȥϴ裬´ܻܲһҽ̵ģÿҶԼžҪԭطˡ
ࣺǲǱҶҪôĿǰֻлڱأȸ߿ʮˣɫµط
ʱлӿһֻӣӶ⣺»ǻԶ̿ڰɣɣڼңԵһǣϿɷ졣
Ƕ಻þֺǺǵЦţˣͦˣȥ컹ϿΡ
ʱмұЩѵһ⳵ø֮Լżؼңתͷ˼տ̯˻öˣ˵⣬ŴҸϡ
·̶ʮӣϴʮӣͷǵֱĥɾˡ
ʱаѽһ̾˿ϴ۾ȻֱȥѧУ
µ컹ȣһһ¶Ѿ׸׾Ͳ䲻Ƚá
һû˯Ѿˣȴñ硣
ۺѪ˿ӻνʱСѾ˶λϣһټֲ濪ʼˡ


 3 

ͬڿ졣Ķû硣
Եظ̾һҲڴСܸͬʲôӦĹǷһſʼߡ
ʼʵԽֹͣתˣʱţһ˼ϣ״̲סѹɤСʱУϰвʮˡ
ʱû˼ƫͷ۾һС쿴
ӢϰʦĿ˯ϰҲС
ʦԭܾ룬ڶǳףƢϿش⣬û˾־ȫత˾ҲҪȻٷչȫత
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Ҳ˶ұ֧ôһأʱ֮ǰڰ༶Ӣʦͺᣬէ˽༶飬ֻΪڶѧϰβҪ˯С
ģҾϢһ˯ŵġ
۾µ࣬ʮֻʵȡ
ʱҲͣͳЦЦԴĿȥˡ
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ܾۼ⣬ܿ췢ʱ©֮㣬û־ʱ䣬һƺݺڽϡ
һȻֹ뻮һŵһ飬۾ֵؿ֪һٳǵ弼ܻȺܡ
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ΣμʱﱻһλֵҰܿܵûʣ
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ġ
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СͬģǺףϸĵСֽϡ
ʱŻɫúɫǩֱһ֣ΰ˼٣Զ˯һ
ԼʱһöĿݲָͬǸһÿ
ſ˺һֱһŲҴҴܹʱһתͷͿǬƿȪˮӺŽһߣһ͹࣬ڽңϾȣʱУôͰﻯѧʦҵˣ
ʱԽתÿ죬Ѵ֮Ͳ³ҵһ˵ĶģٺһЦӵǰҲû٣Ŵ¾͸㶨ˡ
ޡǬӵ±رʳָת£һ¿أ۴ȥ
ʱв㹼Сͬ⣬־ܾͲˣһһҪȥ칫һˡ
ΰ칫ң
ǬʲôȻЦޣˣ˵λ¶ǰɣϽȥҸո·ϰþ棬ˡ
ʱаѱǩֽۺˣӳһнȥͷ룬ҡҡͷ
ûҲˣͦõġ


 4 

ѧʱһȦȥ˳УȥֱƷ򣬿һ׼ȷҵͬζķ
۸ɻ˵ģرһװҲϾɣǰʲôڻʲôʮһյļ۸һһɲ䡣
ʱֻںСʱַϴ·ֱӽϴ»Ҫ鷳ö࣬ҪҪϴ̿·һһĨȥ
УһҲһ
Ѱ˼һ£дźɫİ·ʱָ̧£ŷͿ̣ζûϴҺ
̴սϸ£ͷУҪһ
Уһƿ
ųϴҺصңָҵķҲڡ
˵ķʵҪҲû٣ֻǸֶĲɹɨҪ˵ˡ
ԷڳڿҿҰĶȡ²ɹĸʳģԴһۣЦикСУѧˣ
ʱһ߻Ьһɩûɣ
ϴ˵ϲҾͲҲЩҸرõ廨⣬ţҲһЩĶУô
ɩʱиĸ鿪ʼ͹չˡ
ʱʱлСҪչ˵ͣʱҫƴƴǰްʱеĸȨ֮ȴûоһӦ񣬳żѯһĳɼǮʱԶпĻᣬڷɻϣȥ·ϣʱкѼһ档
һСôһӣ˵ǼٵģһʼʱҲ֮ɳ͵͵ᣬǽǸ绰ɩʱ¶Լһ
ûкˡ
֪ᶪ֪˱ˣһӣ֪ɩҲСҪչˣÿ˶Լ飬ģ˶Χת
ѧ˲żȻһˣͻַʱ䣬ݰɴϷһѧҲһĥʱ䣬ûġ
ɩʰȷʵզأʱĵԼģȻ⻰У˵ڡ
ԣιԼʱûʱҫɩĹʸǶ٣ԻȥСӵʱ䡣
СŮ˶ԼСرݺ͹ģԵľ߶ϣһС¹ܸϵر졣
ѵõʱдûо÷ֺǺǵһһԼ飬ʱʱҪһ䣬֤Լȥ
⽵ˣ˶ٰ
һ壬ҼϽ˵бĵط黹࡭
ɩϻӴ򿪾ͺϲϣʱеԶֻȷ˵ʲô
ѴһԲӽϴ»ǧԻϴҺأ󹦸ɡ
Ӧ˯þ˰ɡ
ϲ̵롣
ϴͷȥʱɩѾˣ䱻ɫʳѼĲˣҪʲôʲôȲг
߶߶ûˣټķӾԵø塣
ʱȥ򿪵ȻȥԼһ߰Ϸʢ棬һϷһ߳ճһڣĥ󹤵ʮһ㣬ӴҲϴúˡ
װֻʮӣȵϴѾҪ賿
ﶼʳ¯ϴҺζʱаԼӼһܲ͸磬ڱ˺ð죬һ˯Ҳ
һ
۵ץһ类ᣬȷʵζûǺǲ˵ʲô
ѵȾһֹ񱣬ֻſϲ˯ţ
Ҳôɡ
ʱţԼƿβƣϷӺãȻǷЩ

һһң¾óĿαϰ濪ʼĬдĿġ
ʱеʱѾд˿ƪƯһۿȥһܡ
ֵܣҴûôŬȰѧϰˣҪ山ļư
ɼʵ̫ãֻ˵ϣѧһ䣬֪Էû˼ǽסغ˶䡣
ûұͲٲŬ㣬ѧϡ
ô᣿ʱΪֻڿףһαһ棬һ·ƣԣŬͻлرСӣһǰ;
صƫһ£ĸˣ
ʱһ죬ЦòãѾ˵ġ

εؿ۾ȴ͵͵ϸݵЦ⡣
ڸЦˡ
ʱоǵ͵ı˼СۻѧĶֻҪһһξܳ͸һǳ̬̿ѧϰĸָմߣڽڿԼԼֻ壬Ҳõһ
̸߾ģĽҲĽ
ҲдĿգԲΣдҵȫ඼໥ýϾĻʱͺˡ
κϰд꣬αϵĸʫҲͨͨ˸ʽСȹӣҲĥ󹤵ĵضͰͬϡ
ѵõأСͬû汳ģǵѹסſαһ߬űʱŷҳƣĿɢ⡣
ڷ
ʱо˼͵͵ְһҳȥ
ָⱻԾһѸٻ̧ͷʱдŵЦĿ⣬˿
ʱаĶСһһŵľŶûЦ򣺡㵨ôôСҲܱţʲôô񣿡
ûʲôƢҡҡͷЩѧϰϵѡ
ʲôѧϰϵôȤܼǹҵ۷ֱ
ʱвȷʣˡðɶòİɣ
š˵ţźۼסαѹŵһŲݸֽ״ʱͻȻ뵽СԻ俴Լǵö١
ʱһһ㶵ģĿеľ岻ΣѾõԣ˶һΡ
ʧЦü䡣
ʮߵδѣһ˫¹۸ʣ׾ഺӡǣԸͬ˳ĬЩڸǲסһ˿ƲסҪ׽
ʱоǬ˵Ĳԡ
ǰСôЦЦôÿһŶС̫۵ĵطⷢȣǡþ󴳽أ䵽һ΢˶
һѿڶ֣ŷڴݼʱ᲻Ծ繵ζŵҲƣһֵˣࡣ
֣xingxing𣿡
ʱвſϿָϱȻһϳдһҸġҡ
ָ⻹ΪԼֶ΢΢飬ĴָС˵˾䡰ǡ
΢ͷָͬķʽոдĵطһһдһ
֣壬ҳغϣȴҲĥȥ


 5 

õʱеĵ绰
׼ȷ˵ӦʱƤҪĵ绰Ҳ˶ԷԸǿԼ绰ԡ޵ͬԵΪ˼˳ϴУףȼ۽Լһڵ緹
緹
ѧʱʱеУЦʳ䣬šĸ־Ͳдϡ
˭֪Ĳȵ˳ż絽ôһʱ伸ǲϰĽңԼ˲ϳ緹ҴԲѰ
ţʱ˵
ʱԷģоˣϧû˽й
ĻţƵĲ˽и磬ʱɵƿ
ǣðɡ
ôȴӦеģһ£ˣ
Եˣ˶ܳſڲӰ̯Ŀαҵľ߶ûʰá
Ŀæ뿪ʱв̾ôÿ춼ôҴææģѧϰʱһҲܵ󣿡
æŻؼдҵܳУſг򹤵Ĳϡ
ʱæµʱ򣬺ܶ鶼ѻһɢûضҪ飬һשͷĶҪĶᡣҪæŶ̵ˣҪʱʱһ²ϲ
һǷڲֿűߵСľϣ鱾ϰռһ룬ֻһס
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﹤ĳһѧ⼸ΪԭѧˣСҲ꣬Ƕ˽⣬ȻﲻʲôæǸչ˵ĻǻչһЩ
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߱߳˼סлõĶӣ¥ʱͷͿһƬǿŽݵĶŵرᣬȷᳳκˡ
Ͼɵϴ»ԶԶС̨棬ҺԶųϴ·˵ᴫԡǲðգֻһŵӵ̨·ƻƵĵƹϸϴϵס
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СЩ춼һֻһˣ˵˯һģǮո
ϰǸصصCˣ˵źŨĿƣԸҲ飬رøС
ӵ¿ԭΪƣȻٱƵзưɻͷ͡
΢΢ͷ˵ãᳵ·ϳ׼ϰһ͹ȥ
ʱеĵ绰ʱġ
С壬𣿡
ﻹһûڵɳƣ͵ıһ֪϶Ǹողѣָ۾û
ǣŵֲֻŪżݵΣʱУ˵ˣݡǺ塣
أҲ࣬ǲͷֲ
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ȽȽỊ̇߷ŵøͣţˣȥѧУ·ϣô
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ǰһĲ֪˵ʲôŬ䣬Ҳֻ䡣
Ǹɶ˯ˣŬˣ緹ҪʧԼǵñԼ԰ұ֤һһ㡣
á
֮е£е⣬෴ҶԷʧԼˡ
ͨ绰֮ϲ
ֻ룬Ǳæϰ庰һ³СܹȥŷָСʣĹǮԻзư𣿡
лҪ˵ҵļ̫ء
һƻѵģ̡ĩƬ˸ûë23333

 6 

ʱиͬٵĸڰ༸¥ʱתƹȥϰʦײš
Һÿ졣
ôõĿΣʱҲˡʦܾ벻ͬȻǸˣԸȴǳ˳ͬѧ෴Ķ
ʦĿαעͽҪһƪģʱгٵˣüͷһݣʱУô֡
ȥȥǧ̲ĺԹſޡ
ʶöʱƤЦɤӸ±ʦѵ
ǰŵĿſڸƤĿˣƤọ̈̄ȫԴèαЦ
ʦЦˣ̧ԿǶ᲻һƣˣʲôأб´οôԾдȥŰƪҺúٶ´𼸷ӣˣʱ䵢鲻𡣡
лϲɱ֮
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ҿһСƯзƹŷ棬ڵð̣úܣû緹һžͷ
˵Ҹ緹ģûɲ˵ˣ಻˼ԵҺƭƭȰ
Ҫû϶һĶĲ˼
ûϵҲҪģ˳ѡ
ʱĵ֤ģһȻпԲĬд
Ҫ͹֣껥ȻûܣĻʲôĶڣΪʱУͲܿ͹ۡ
áЦţ۵ϸĹ⡣
зưܺóԣƤڶҲ㣬ԵҲ㣬˺޲ðͷȥ
ʱһߺԺһͷֿʼĵСͬ룬ԭǿڹͷġ
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Ȼѡ˯ľӶ࣬ҲŮСõŲٳܵתİԣкӾʢ˸𼸸ڽˢ⣬༸ðŴ̫Ƥ
Ϊʲô֮ΪƤ򣬾ΪһȺʮĸ򶼲عء
أͶѹڵϹʦֱԴкǵúܿģһʪ˱ͶֵΪһȺŮԱ߶һȺƤܴš˧
硱ʮа˾ŶڽлʱС
ƿȪˮ·ʱλһŵǶɤϹᾢҵķ˿ǣзŮϷСۣ˰ʱǱݸţƺֿ򡣡
䣬һԾ
ĲľͲ˵ˣôӲûϣѵһʵʵֵĿɿڴӸš
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ʱҪЦңǿ򣿲˵һΪľ塣
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ʱһͱסˣԽԽ󣬹Цͣ
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ôôԣ˵˵Ķʹ𣿡
˵ʱоſڿʣƿȪˮϡˮǺȹģùšӹ˹˺˴룬˻ҪŵҰҰ죬̾һˬ
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ĿƿƵˮþĴϣñֱҲ͵͵ϺΡ
ڵؿͼֻܸܵѹȥĸȣҪҪȥһƿ
һţ˵پͻ᲻Ծ졣
ʱˣͷͿա
кӱôݰ¹۾ϷͮͮգԵùɿɰֺÿֱŲۡ
ʱһӾǰＸϲ͵͵ױ۵СŮͿðװ׾ɫڿûһСÿ
뵽Цֹס
λܵܣôȵûţ
ƽʱǴֹˣϰԾȥļ򣬽ҪȥʱԼһĺζǴͷŸɸɾģζžġ
УɲܰСͬŪˡ
ڨڨĬĬǼ⣬ƫһ£ôһ˲Ļҡ
šɹİɣе̫ˡ
͵͵ָҲһĵĺ


 7 

ţʱоͱ԰½ˡ
Һøˡ
ֻʣСƿˮĿȪˮƿԭؽٺذֹࡣ
챿˵ѣҪʱٴɰʵ׶䣬ܶ䲱ӶҪȾ͸ǿɾ͸ýˡ
ϵֻڼĿ׷һλѾڣ׼ãƽһϴؽҼˢ⡣
ʱлʱѾҪϿˡ
һ۾ע⵽ϵT˸ɫͷֱ۶ʪģɫУױ滹һɫT´һ綯ɸɾģζһ㶼Ųˡ
⵽ȥһ˰칫ңǻһ˼ң
еɻ̫ԣʱж÷Ѿ֮ܰٺһЦݰ׵÷ǲڻǻҹи·Ůĸ
ϵϰ˶Ьһۣˮƣ
ʱУԣ˺Ÿȥġ
ɶźӦǼ̽㡣
ʱУǼ̽ûŮĸģûС
пյ챻ǰŸβŮͬѧϡ
ŮתЦкӵݶôŮ黳ˣ
ʱҡͷԣ黳ҲǴʡ
߰ģʲô˵ڽƫƫ͵СһףױüЦ
ҲԣﻰӦøĸġֻʱеһףöģֻҪһͿƲס΢Ц
ʱвܳԵõģʲô˶ϲ鱾߸ߵضݣƫϲҪʰøɸɾ͵³гɣһ·ȥ
ѾҪ߰ɣ
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죬ذѳһ鱾棬ڳһλá
鲻ԸıȤһЦ˵Ůĸֻܱ·ϴ·
ϴ·ŮĸԼһ׵ĳûϴأ

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һӶǣ
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ʱ˼ǳҲ׳һ»⣬ע̾͸תˣ÷Ҫʱдӡ
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۾ͷ߹汧Թ꣬ϳֻССĳһһȵҪϷɡ
緹ӱģ֮ҲĿκ˻˯ҵѧҲģȿ͵С֨ѽתš
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һһ°ͳ˵Ʋſα
ڰˣΪΪӲ˯Ų͵͵Լ׵ݸãȻСͣ·˯㡣
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˲õʱüͷˣһ֣˵ˣඥǸƷʺɣҵŮĸ
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ʱϲ̵ذ·һŷϣڻǱߣ۾ûӾ˯ˡ
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̳ϸйصҳƮþãŮ˽ߴߴʱҲʱʱľͻ֡
֪ʱУǻҪһЩ
ǸǰһĴɨһող˴ˮȥ·¥ʱʱײš
һ°Ū࣬æҪˣ㻹ˮ򷭡
ҺʱۼֿסԼתһʹڿˣһˮûմϡ
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ͷһɣźһԷ۵ؽлôôţƣడ
һһէһŤͷȥÿѾݸߵذתָ⣬ϦĹüۣߺĵЦõÿҪⶼȥֱӵļⷢ
ʱ룬ôЦôÿNɪôɰ
ͷһؼʱУŵ˵һ顣
Ϊʲô˵ףǾ͸ýˡǳԵеһ鶼Ǽɫ
ʱһִֻſα߽ǣһֻʶָͷ·ϣ˳ֹǽڷĴһȦɫУ
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̧֣ʳָṴסСĴָһ̣λС඼Ҫͣˡ


 8 

塪
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Сɻأ͵һʱʱɿŲԭλ±֣õ˵ϵͷ˵
ʱдӳ˯бѣһãȻԴ˵ûŪ׷ʲôԼڽ¶̵ķӦ˰졣
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ַˣ֪ǵһùùȫһù
ϸΣһ˪һવһͷûУϻҵĿϻûԹѵʦĿǻԲǲǣ
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ԶԶһۣ˺±д֣ҸŮҪ˿ǹȥɽˮӺݹֱ͵ʱ⿲
ʲô
ʱ˺ͷǬвıɿ𿪣ǿŲݮˮǣһ֣˺˰װֽǬͷð̡
ôСһ
ֺЦһ¡
ʱаһعͷͷҪǬ˸ħһ֪ͳһŷԭְȥֹɣһأ۶һҪסְֵĶ飡ͷϷٲңͷɣ
ˮǱɿǬˣֽűݵ޿Ůѧ鵲סһ׾żĴкΥֿɰ


 9 

ںü֮糿µġ
ʱϰ˶رʫģʱȫעϷ棬ֻܵĴָ÷ɿ죬ýžдʡ
˾ˣʲô֣㶹佩ʬ˺ߣ
ҰҰڸʲô֥˲ΣҰǲǣ
Ӥ𣬸Ҳұճô
ССڳʱизư
ϷΪʲôһô˵ģŲұ߼ʵĻƵĹ๾ð;úȤ֧˺һ
ֱ˶ġʧܡһըʱй߷ֻ߰ӻس룬Ҳһзưڣϱԡ
ôó԰
ó𣿡˵ҾѾܺóˡ
ҵĲԶˡȥһʱҰҰƷƷζȷеԶ
С壬ҪģҲȥǼҸԶһҲûϵҾٵ
Ϊ
Ҳܡ
ԶģؼҵһֻѧУ˳·򷽱㣬Ҫȥ̫ԶˡЬҲûôҲʳġ
˵ʵóԡ˵һֱͦݳ޵ģ˵ů˼ҲҪȱůǡ
ʱҲһ㲻Ըɫ֪ľò͸ˬˡ
ԼҪ˼緹Ļ˸ԼĺóԣôУʱ
ʱҲû˼ϷˣҸѧ·ϻļҵζǲģһѳһ
֪ʲôһзưˣתͷСʳ˺ü⣺ʱУϲǳɿ𣿡
ʱ룬ģɵһɣϲҲᡣ
㻹ɿ
ʱо۾ˣô֪һɿ
죬ԼóˣҲµġС͵
ʱгʱʱͻֽ֮ǰ֪ʲôֽ֪쿴ɿֽĹǣ֪ԭЩɿֽ
ֵܣⶼܱС
ʱһ֣˳־ͳһŵݸеѪǣͦˣСʱ·ιأˤһԿǰþöɢȻϰˣҴĲǹǰȫС
⧲һţֻǺССһµʱסˣӶƮһ仰ʱɿˡ
֪Ĵжһţ֪ʲôסźʣһʱָøô
ŻԵ𣿿ԳԵ
ԣ᲻ð
ʼ˼ʲôӳڣܱһӣ֪ɱ걾вС
ǣҲԴǣɿһΪϲԡ
ڲŷͷᣬСҧһڣϸϸʹд⴫һɿڵЩ
ĻҪ鷳ʱڵҼҺö࣬ȫǱ͵ģҲԲ꣬ôˣϲô
ͷĻƳγεɿһֻԼ֪С˼˵ͷţͦϲġ
İ㲻˵
ʱи߸ֱͳһȫ룺ϲĻÿ춼ҲԲ꣬ÿεȵһҪӵö࣬˷ѡģҼҵĴԹԵͷθ

Ӳؿ빾ҹķޣȻͨĶ⣬룺Ҳɱ걾ˡ

ʱ˵㻰ֹÿ컻Ż緹ÿ컹Ҫ緹öޣʲôζС
һ϶Բֻ꣬
ɿ㲻ͬɿҲ᲻ðĶˣ˸װ͵͵
ֽҲ᲻ӣС۳һֻֻֽ׷վÿҵʱͶһֽ׷ɵЦ
ȻһУĲʱһҲ֪ÿ춼æŸϷҪõݽ塣
κ֮ǰһ˵ϸ߿һȺˣþе¡ص㣬ʡһ㣬ĸҲһǧַǧҪȥͷһȦ
ǰôû꼶Ǹôĥ˵˰˰ٱ黹⣬ɴֱ̨һ³Ѹȹ¼ˣ
һΣǬżƨƨܹһȥʱпαǰڰ֣æأ԰»شү
ǬҲϷզүбСˣǰǸ~
ʱ۾룬һ죬һ§Դۿϣ٣ҾǱҼҷ˹˻꣬Щӹ֬׷ҿˣ
˵գҪô˾Ѳһ䣬˶ӲˣͨͨԽԽţѪȫԴӿԭһÿҪѪ
ҺȺעûϣǬرһţ~ɫУ
ǶİǵŻһ޿̵صͷһϣҪˡ
ϣ
һʹĻܵˣһʣµļŮҲ½½¥ҿֻʣʱ
վʧߵҹͻȻôΰ߼ʱͷƤһһ˯ˡ
ˣôȥϿΰ
û뵽ղŵЦȻòײȥĺҪͷļϽգͼתƻķʽתע
˼ٵģڿοԲȥݽǲǿдˣ
ʱ˸Ƿϰ˵ҵĹ¹ؾһٿǧ֣дҶͶʴˣ
֣
ؽ칫ҰԴݺһ٣
ЦôõԣдǺ۰
ʱҧʣʾ١
ҲҪˡ
룬ͷСʱУ˯Ұ㳭ɡ
лҪ˵

 10 

һдúƯٶҲ죬д͵Աߺ˯Ҳһڿεʱʣµһǧ֡
ʦʱԼдԼ±ȫһü֣˭Ŷջ
ɾǺ棬ȻԿĹҺѹ
ʱ½½˻ؽҵʱѵġ
һ۾ͿҵҵСͬڰӣ˶øѧСѧƵģһһдر档ս˿ۣ־п漸γĶԱȡ
ֲö˵ˣҲ̫ÿˣô£ԽҵԽ󣬼ֱ̡
ʱǱŲ˵һֳԴһתűʣϻ˯µĺӡӣ˯ģͷҲ𼸴һѡ
⻰ԡʱдֵٶȾֻܱдⶢŴ˵Ҫ˵ӦøÿŶԡ
٣С壬ǲڿҳ˧
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ʱ˵һ죬ѧϰĹҪһؼңҵְָ㣬ʱ絹һһһٻȫͣ˳ԿϵԵﳬֵ
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ʱ˿ɿλȥ··꣬ĵⶼƯͺƷɿζģССһ飬׹˿żϷɫɿ
һͺܺóԡ
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ӺʱССϵŶдĵͷɿߡ
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УϾƺɫĹͨӽͰߣϳһ
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֮ǰСɨһۣΪʲôµģȻϷܿǲ֪ʲôһˡ
ҺãʱԼûϵʳǸɵ⡣
ȫһ
ԭÿѧҴҵģǸŻؼѧϰ
ĺܳϡ
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ǿĶ֪϶ǵһΣѾϰߡ
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صһͰһ·ʱУ⡣
ʱв֪㲻ײ˱˵ܣϾǰʹΪʲôѧôææȴûеõһ϶Ĵ𸴡
ûгԵŽ˱һţϻԴȥ͡
ĹϹ߲ˣѼ⡣
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ͺöˡ
СȥԼʢһ뷹׼ԣֱߵһһпϢֻ档
ʱһ㶣¿ֻֻüһ㣬һϢַͽ
ֵ֪ͨµѺ㻨ǮѾˣ˳ʱҫ̸ַȥˣûʱؼң¶ϵ
ͷĺæ
绰ʱ䶼ûУת˷Ϣ¶Ҫ

ʱ죬ģϰˡ
ϧòײһθֵøɸɾ
վһûͰ˿ڸ
лҪ˵첻е㿨쿪ʼո~ǵõղѽǣ

 11 

Ǳ̲һֱûкȣֱ°ؼˣϻܶûв⡣
ֶ֪̲ܾ÷š
֪֪᲻á
ڲʱһͬ¼ģЦ𿪺ˣۼֿ¡
ԷȻ᲻һ̲裬۾ɴˣҵ죬ţСˣ㲻ʶǸɰ˽Сˣ
ֻЦЦ̲װ˷Žת˵Ķԣе⣬ʱܺȡ
ĶԣΨĶκ˶롣
صңϰ̧ͷһۣƽʱһƬһĵƵʱ侹Ȼš
˭û˯
Ӧɣ
ŽңŴӵֲԾЩ·ĲҲӲ˲١
ƹȫҲܻ谵յƻյΪԭһֱûޡԿʱŵúᣬ߬ﲻŪ
׼ƿſϾɳϳ̵ʱǲɱֶһ¡
Կ׵ڵϵһ죬͵ͽ֣Կʱﴫһŵĳҭ
ﵭľʱӣŵͬʱ͵һֻһ仰
ֺȾˣ
ָ㵽ôжͣǮ̰ҲûӰʲôиƨá
һȶƢͱøͣʲôĶ˵ȫͷЬһԡ
˵㵱Էǲǣ
ԽԽɴվܵǰָıӣ˵ҲûóʡʡǮҪȥʲôã쿴ˣֻ֪Ǯ֪Ǯһ˻ɱ˳ԣ
ʵЩʱǵĶǻϽ͡
صһЬ񣺡ʲôޣӻûأôŸӿɥٳһŲһ㣡
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ŨζڱǼ⣬ӲǰѶľȫѹȥΪĻźཥ
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ʱʲôأNɪǳƨ
ˣֻǵϵЦݻôãִʱԼŵζ
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ڰУָֽ̧ڱǼ⣬ζƺûɢ޵ǿףζĪİ
һˡ
лл
Դӣſһ˵ķ䣬ǡ


 12 

ѧˣҪϼչˣһڡ
ʱеɿ⵽׻ûͳȥ
һλϾģû˵˯Ҳܣ˭ΰ߼ڡ
ֻһڿΣĿϣǰ͵͵һֽûϵʽ
ʱвϲֵȥĴ鷳ͳʦдֵʱ͵͵˵Уǲͬⲻ߱ˡ
ʦתˣŶһͷдֽӹ
ʱд򿪿ˣȻͷ΢źѵҵԭСֽһ֣棬ǰͬ˵Ĺģɶʱ
Ǳ߸ʮӲŻظӦһͻˣ鷳лл
ʱУ˳ٱһͬҸ㣬ǳ˼㣬ҪʳѰٲҪ˼ɼˡ
ظ˸ãֱ¿ˣ̻ظҲ鷳ҸҲǡ
ʱһˣֻЦ
ȻīߺڣС̫ãҲѧῪЦˡ
Ǭһ緹Ҳ֪ɵʲôвƱˣڰɣѰ˼ҲɶҲȱ
ʱֲ嶵վбۿ飬ɵӣ
㣡Ǭ˸ۣһ߼ϣ˵ʵһͦ㣬ƺ«ܱ˿죬ƱƻȻ鴫
ʱһΪһ˫ڷֱĻۣƺ«

ø˵˵Ҳ߳ңʱвʲôң˭ʲôҲȱˣ
Ǭλү㵹˵˵ȱʲô
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å

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ӡƤĴָָһȦʱзֱؿ˿Ȥһ٣㿴˸ָƤƵģϡ
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ҪǻϴһǷϢľͺˡ
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ʱԭ˵ʲôƳԶ׼޴룬һ䡰ǲǸûشԸ⣿Ϣ̻غ
ˡ
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лҪ˵ԲʧԼˡҾǰһ죬ӽ쿪ʼո

 13 

ⱻѧ¿ǰһڡ
˰ףһǧףϣԶλǰÿĿ˾ʹ
ѧʱħ飬ֱԸοԲѧǰ㶼㲻
Ϣһȫధ
ˣǶùԹȥٳźöһһ
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ѹѹܱţأѨһϣѹȵһѣʦҡ
ϣܳ˭
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϶һƬԹصЩ˵̴ڵԱ߿ʼ
ʱиǬѧһĿȫ˲ֵǡ
սɢסŵȴĿ϶ܵ򳡸һĻֱλֵǣ·°ڴܹ
ʱмȥʱֵ
һ㣬ֵͣ2470ϲȥˣڶȵһЩϧûǧ
ѽզ¶ѩѩǿɶǧһǼŮŶ
ԺίԱǸֱӣ˵ԣҲ֪ʲôй˼ӣ뵽ʲô˵ʲô˻ҪЦ죬֪ɵûӣ֪ĻΪڳˡ
ίԱߣ˵ͨ죬һվСƵģ̲סֱϺݺݾһѣ˺÷Ϊ˭һͷţб
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һۣίϽˣߣвŮҲƽϣ
¼ݵǰ೤ҲǸƢõģЦſһ˷۾̧ͷվԭ޴ҪٲһΣҼߵݾͺá
ԥҡͷ˰೤Ҿˣټζһ
ġ
û¶ôô£ֶ˶ģٵûʲôʱд϶δڵĻ˳ķһѣĩ˲תͷǬ֤˵ǰɣӣ
Ǭһۻش
ҴҲԼģʱмȺСͬһ
𲻿İû£λСôˣֲ
֪ڰοԼЦҡҡͷЦѣû
ʱԴϸ۲һı飬۾ģʢǵЦûһзϵ˼
˿ֿʼܻ𳵣Ҿ˵ûʲô˵ģǸԺ׾ˣȫ⣡

ûϵҲˣ˵ʱĿ鲻ԽƯĴϣ֪뵽ʲôһ̣ϽɿͷЦģʲôסˣûŮѡ
ˣҵȻ֪
ʱһֹһֲ¶ֺǺǵҾοο㣬ŮʲôģûУҲУ۲
֪Ի·˲һȫ˼ˣԽƮԽԶҲ֪˵ʲô߶߶ͣһв
Ҳ֪ôӣɴ첻˵ˣ캣صϹ
Ůѡֹ⣬ⱲӶŮˡ
Ŀеúܿ죬һֹȥֵλǰʱڷλϳ˴һٴ˸ǹίŰοʱ˾һմ
ҿʮˣǶˣ
ҴҴˣո飬졣
ŮλҲŶʮԵװɣ̫ˣǸеʵ˵ǲڼѹأ
ЬվЦЦûġ
ίԼۻİ׵ķĽּʡ
ȻʾﻹҪһʱС
ǬűλεףЦվվ㱳ȥ
ʱУֽİɣôӲ׶Ƶóţˣ磡
ʮ׺ţƣТӣ
ʱз߷վһߴЬһҧгԿʺתͷҲڵ͵͵Цݺݵı˲ίί
С𱨰Ҹոհο죬ڷЦңС۶ǣ
Ŭ𴽱йһЦ⣺ûУûЦ㡣
㲻οңҵС˶
Сᰲοָ߶˼ܣʱı½ʾ֭˰죬С̽ϲҵһ

˵һǧԶһ١

ʱлûοʲôϵ
ѵֱ׳ش˵һȲңʹұܶ࣬᲻ÿĵˣ

ͷһؽյԻ·οʱ˺ôһȦת֮Ц۾ֻһָסͣ
Ҳ֪ԼĸЦˣ͹ԹվԱ߰Цꡣ
죬ʱвǿͣ£ԭձͨ죬ôҲϲ£
С壬Ҳ̫ɰ˰ɣ
Ҵûôİο˵ķʽ˵ôʵϵģԺȥǻᱻ۸ģ
ֻʵʵ˵
ʱл֣һֱֵһǧ׿⣬ж֤Ǹʱ򣬲ʵʵ˵ʲôģԭ治ڿ
ȫΪ


 14 

һȦʱǿϴ󲿶ӣһͿʼ˲صˣԽԽԶû׷ϵ֡
ܹڶȦǰȦڵһλʱлͷ˲ŷѾԶԶһٶףʱƣľڲ
ԭ治а
ίϸֵ£ٺ٣ôҲɣ
ʱʵظţǳ
Ȼֱ½ŲߵģФһͱ󲿶ӳԽһίǰͷһ±ơ
˺ð죬ĳֻСڹ١
ȫȫڵԼĺһ̧ͷʱнǰʱһ
ô
ܲˡʱ˵ǰ浱ͷֻ̫ۣίɡ

ĲģͲ֣С˼ܲƭ˭
㲻õҵģұܸܵϣܣײġ
ʱԶץصƫʮǧȻһطһֵص㣺㾭񣿲ԣӦûһʷ⵽ڣһǧ׼ΰ
Ĭ˰ΣһζûС
ʱڶݵľ֮;úЦС壬Ҳ̫ʵˣ
˼ˣС˵û취ܲһȦһȦУٶͲˣôϡ
󲿶ϾҪڶγߣȦˡ
ʱп˿ľ룬һʣµʱ䣬ͷ벻뼰һأ
ܲ
ģʱأ

ãȻʲô˼
ʱһЦֽסģ˵ˣʣµ·ܡ
ٶһʱŸܶԵɺ
ȸĽŲȴûöۣһΪʱǰܣҪһ棬Ϊעȫ˽һϣѾȫûбľȥ˼۲⡣
һ˵ǲǿΪʱиǣˣ
ʱǣˣ
֪һʱЩʴӣĻϲ޷ơ
͵͵ϲǣ֣ǣֱ֣ûбõ顣
ղŸĳصǦƵ˫ھ޻ϣƮƮȻҪֲ嶫
ôôõ˰
˶Ҫÿĺףһһ룬ôõˣҿ͵͵ϲһӡ
յʱܵϻڲԵֻʣˡ
ͬѧյض͡
ʱгǸ߸߻˻֣սһμ٣ֻСڹһٳյ㡣
ʦͣʱзɿסʣʦûа
ίʦԱأһֱͶʦڣ룬պüˣ
ʱЦҪвãûС壬һԻʱ̾ˣʱǲǳţƣ
òУһҲ²ֳֻ̧һĴָ
ţƣȫţơ
ʱ˵˰ɣüһӣҪˣСǡ
˵˭ҲĵطЦ
ţˡ
һסһӣ˭Ҳ㡣

ѧվڷѧͬʱѸܳҡ
ǬΪ˯վںһڿΣܳȥʱֻǰһɨ˲ײϡ
Ӵιôôģȥг˦𣿡
˵꣬׾ͱ˦һơ
ʱа߼᲻˵˦
ιıɱ׵
ǽѵТӡ
СǬŷĺף治˵ʵðɣ֪ڲг˦Ҳô˵ġ
ʱڸϣԣȵ΢΢ɴۣǸǣ֪ã
֪ûҴţӸһʱǾ֪ˣѧʲô֮Ҷǵһø
𣿡ʱգգۣɰͰ͵ʣǣǸǣְ֪𣿡
Ȼ֪ϸѧһڿϵ»أҴкšŶˣҼǵҵʱ˸ĨܣŪģȱ˵Ķ˺üȦϧȥûˡ
Ǭźظ̾һ༶飿
ûһ£ͬȻö˽˽ˡ
ʱЦЦ뵽ǿΪ˱ڱӽͰɿ⣬ÿϧˡ
ʱӦøģǻ϶ûʱ
Ӻſ첽ȥҳϣ˼򵥴˸к󣬿ʼѻ˺Щϡ
һŵĹܴҲûǰ绰֪ͨһòס
æżӿȰ̳ˣǰԱޣæתȦ
մͱȥǰæ˲ӡ
ȺҲ̫ˣͶ̥һһת۾ͳ˿ӣ˵ٶȻǳԵģ
˵Ů֮ǰһֱװСλѾæһˣΪЪһôһȺˡ
ɨһۼ߲˵ľСЩҲڣ۾ȥϢһɣǼȰչš
ŮſھҪܾǰСҲǺۣȥɣžû
ŮŹҪĵ͸ЬôȷʵҲˣûپֻܾ˵˾䡰ҺܿתСȥϢҡ
䣬ǼܲסųԵ䣬ʹٶϲˣǻ˲ͣߴǿһ㡣
ʮȫҪչ˵ʵڼѣ˲һֱܵһҲûͣЩôһڣ·ʼƮ
СӣԱ˾ͿʼҴܣҳҲֹֻԼԼģüزײˡ
۵òУһֱǣСӵƤµõ򣬽ײˡ
ϹʱǿվϿȫСһԿ޵˺ѷΣҳźں壬ɨһۣϸɸɾһҲûн
Աô£ϸ˶֪Ϣŵ㣬ҼҺײ𣿣
ΣֻǵǸ
ʲôû˵ˣһѲ긾ŮǿŹǣʱﻹֲ֪˵ʲô
·ŪҲûбõģֻغȥæǰǰһֱæʮŽ
°ؼҵ·ϣо˫ȵĴڣﲻгֻŽ߻ȥ
ƿţĿȴһ
лҪ˵յĸ~

 15 

Ѿ˯ˣῪ߹ָָѹûɣڵЩɹҸţȥ˳ԡ
̨谵·ƣ׵ۿжһϡ
ϳʱûеġ
쵽Ŀ⣬ϽҾǽ죬ϴʱûСĿˣûµģϽȥ԰ɣʰʰ˯컹ҪϿء
͵ͽһֻЦЦȥеͲŪˡ
áԹԵͷԼͺãȥ˯ɡ
ŵѹСһСĵ˼ĸӣ³ֻͲ˵Ұޡ
ɿɣȥϴҾҲûˮݸţصְʮҵڿϴ¡
ۣۣǽĺСȶǣһüѡ
۾һͷĳ룬һɿֽ
Ŀڸڴݼɿӣģһһ̦ɿÿһ˿ζ
ĺ԰ѱĿζȫǡ
ƣʱסĴз·ûɢȵģһ㱡ֲ嵽Ļġ
սָλãÿһͨͨ
ʵҲûô۰ɣ
ſ
ţ۵ġ
ûϵģѧһԼ

֮ԭý¿ΪĳЩȡˡ
ʵ֮ϲ
Ϣҵʱ򣬺ö˶ţΪǶǣһϿΰιͷһֱͷһ˵ö
û¿һѧϰѹЩɢɢ˼ڣȻпʱֿ쵽ˡ
˳һ㲻ʮ壬ֻأĹ˭
һȺﺢҪʼŵԤϰӸϰˡ
Ϊʦ٣θĳϰùˣ¥ȥһУſľߵ꣬˳һݸֽ
ûһſϲ˯ʱҲˣվԺȥ˸ˮ˳ˮϴ˰ȥ֮ûؽңŲһתȥ¥²ԶС
ѵãƿšһƿȻĵһƿȥʱƿֵ֣Ҳű
ãһƿ
̹չ׼¥¥ݿйһ
ʱգգۣôɣ
Ҫںһȵңɿ첹°䡣
ϲ㣬ģϲ


¥¥ĬһʱУһ
Ϥÿ춼ǰش˵
¥ݵĽѸջʱбƿվԭزϲ£ĪĬرֱȴСͬĻش
İ֮ڿڡ
Բ𡣡
ͷ¹޴ɲء
ңѾϲ˺ܾõˣԣԲ𡣡
ǣ𡣡
š
ɡ
գգֻһ㷢۾ϵЦûɢڱģԭ
֪˵ʲôֻһظԲ𡣡
ûϵѽϲңûʲô
ЦţһʵҶµ϶ӦҾһԣ߸һҲá
ȻҶ˵̫򲻰˵ȺЩƧ֪ģܺãĺܺãҴûмˣġҾǣ֪ϲģֻҪ¡
̹ĻӦҲӲůЩûôڡ
ллϲʵл
ǣǻѵģ԰ɣ
šͷģҲ߱˵ģ˭Ҳ˵
һ̲סЦҾ˵Ǻܿɰ
С˼˵ԸһźͲģŲġ
ıӰʧȾͷû̸ŻȥԭվһᲽ׼뿪
һתͲ׽¥汧ſ۰ͰͿʱС
ұʮ˧ģĲǹ͵·ģʵ
Ȼ
ֻǸױײ˵еΡ
˼ӣսıӣСûϵ߱˾УҴӦġ
ʱаһȳסļ˳һƿûĿİɣҰ¾ףֲʲô฾һصģ˭Ҳߣ
˹ߣû߼ʱлſƿ״С壬Ȼϲ𣬻ϲܾˣ

û뵽ˡ
ʱһֹ˼ֻԼϣæ֡
ûûУôᣬҾ˵ѡ
ģ
ģնͷĽڶѣӾܾͲŮӾúѿ
ŶԭʱԴһ£˲ˣСҲ̫չˣͷһ޵СɰٸԼ޵кôõͬ
׽ĶŪֿʼţ·ҪᣬҲûע⵽ĳ϶Ļشʱɵһ͵͵ڿϲһ㺹
ֱصңǰѵɢĳʱҲûױ˸СףڽŸʲô
ѵΪԸԼûŮѣҲͼñŮѣ

˼Ҳûôڰɣ
лҪ˵

 16 

ƿԼһƿһƿʣһƿתӸǬ
ӴǣȻҵķݣжҵĶ
ʱЦӣаְ֡
ң
õġ
Ŀ͵ҡʮ£صָӻȥϽȡ
Ǭƿֱ
ɹʱү鲻˦ֻصԼλ
ͻˣͷһԾʱаͷˮһ߲ԾƣȻ󿴿׾ƯСͬ
ţҲ˵ãС̫ͬˣֵõģ
ûأʲô
ƿַûȣʱɨ˼۾Ϳʼš뿴ҽǲĺܺãոҾ˸һƿ
õʱšһӴӴˣǸһƿ
ԲۣҽҲ̫ˣҪ˳·ȥŲƱƿվǬӣƿнˣأϽĿƣ
ļٵģ
Ǭ۾æ鼤šƿǡ
Ȼͱӿ̼Ͻͷ

衭ʱУүģ
Ķۼֿòݸ屾һ£վѸһߣûܵ꼰
˷ЦҲ̲ס͵͵Ц
ʱһ޹ȥ㬽ַŻϣˣ治ǹġ
쿴ûн
ү
ֵֿ֣ͦġ
һ죬ʱоָǬˡ
ѧǬһҪȥɾһս
첻ҲᣬҺ̲裬֣
ʱ߶㣺ۣɶˣ
ôУҸ𣡡
ʲô˵úһ̫˰ɣҿɿֵģҲ㡣
˺ҵ廹Ҫ˺ҵ飿ǬҪˣôĴ˧㻹ϣ
ǱǸʱгҲϲ˧ģұȽϲƯģֹֺͬÿöˡ
~һ׾ţ࣬һ߾ţĲϥǣ
ϥнӰģҾϲҰģ򡣡
ԽԽףмֱۡ
ֱĪԴǸʲô
ֵʱеһ绰нˡ
ʾ֣ʱɫüŹ֣˰죬Ǭ˸ƣתͷȥӡ
ٻʱЦݲ䣬ϸ£ƻزۣȥɣҰֻˣһȥԷ
֣üһ굽ͷڿɻλ
Ȼأһְʱг˸ۣˣȻȥˣͷԼ
Ǭ̲֣
һȣʮŲ㡣
ٺ٣ֻҪҾܺȣ㿴ҳŲŵ
ʱжˣһ⳵ǰڰֵ˱ȥʱǿЦڵȥ
еʱô֣ʱҫڼҵʱһܣʱҫˣøˡ
鷳
ʱҫֶżӲϵɩģĲһˮеƯƯ˻
ʱеҵʱɩѾ뿪ˣʱҫڿɳžẓ̇ŵ̧ͷһۣϱʼǱ߹üͷûɿǷѡ
ѧΪʲô̻ؼңȺ˻졣
飬ǽѻǱģʱҫ顣Ǽô꣬ʱлû취ϰߡ
ֵܣʲôѡ
ֵܣСС֪ʲôֵܣܰʲô
䡣
˵ʲôﳶһϵͻʲôҲǡ
̳ܰϣ
ʱ첽ȥˮͷʱҫ˵ʲôȨûϴֳص¡
֣üûˣѵûһ˾Ϊ˽ѵңһһԷģֻܲԷЩеûġ
ʱҫųʩʩȻ棺Ϊã˵ģԺܻõ
ʱ̧ͷһۣǼһ㶼ǻؼҳԷӣڻҸʲô¡
ԻһǶѧϰ˿Ҳڵˡ
ʮϰ߻̽Ĺȵ컹ѣο˼Ҹûġ
ˣȻ˵һ졣
һٷԵһ룬ΪôˣǸ˵̫磬ʱҫһƵ绰˦òάĽֱҡ
Ҳڼҹҹ˷͵øȥYǱ߸һƷ˾̸չ⣬δһ¶ôǱûʲôҪ͸ɩ˵ߴ绰
λҲǸÿ˻ﲦλ
ޡ
ʱеͷûӦվɼķ
֮е飬Ҫʱҫ죬ǲŽϡ档
ʱ䣬ǲǿҪпˣϴ¿˵ΪѧУŵԭȡûппӦֿ֮ͷһؿˡ
ţǿˡ
׼ôҿ˿ϸѧڵĩɼõһӦûɣ
ʱгԷĶͣסɫЩĪ⣺ϸѧڵĳɼֿ֮ǰ
ʱҫһüͷҵȻ֪
ʱиɴ꣬һһٷҪ˵أ

 17 

ʱҫüͷʱøˣ⣿Ϊʲô⣬ѧ㶼ڸʲôûѧϰûΣ˵˽Ⱥһ㻹
˰ɣʱ͵վÿζ⼸䣬û˵һˣѧϰԼ£ʲôɼҲԼģʲô£
ʱУʲô̬ȸ˵
ʱҫԼΪһ׵ܵƣɫԽѿûûҹ湤Ϊ˭Ϊ㣬ھȻ̬ȸ˵
ʱҧźһɻûзָס
ã˵ɼԼģ˶ûйϵҾ㣬Ϊʲô⣿ΪʲôȷΪʲôܸҿ϶Ĵ𸴣
ܾǲܡʱˣֲǻû֤ÿζõһ
òһбõѵǾǻú÷ʡһԼҲʣп֮Ҫĳɼ
Ȼ
ʱҫıģѧУôڼҹô᲻ʲôѣ᲻鲻õʱʱЩ̶˵ǿпޣصԶֻǽ
˵ֻҪ⣬ôеĸ֮ǰһжǺ޼ֵģҪһƷ
Ļ
ʱв֪ǲ˶еͨʱе£ǾʱҫǾδԼҲӡ
Ըûδ
ʱҫ»׺ܿ뿪ˣ뷹һҲûжҲڷԱߣʲôڻʲô
ѻõĲ黵飬ʱҫһ˻ȻΪ˽ѵ
ַӼµĴæ˰ΪӦǧܻôһǲӦøең
ʱЦڲ˺þãɫζȫķ˽䣬ҲɢŲ
һôæˡ
ûͷûβһ
ʱʱлͰԱ߷˰
룬ɩջǲθڣ´λԼɣٻܷ˻ȥһ档
ԡվͷӣˮͷһֱ
ʱжŰ׾ǽֿʼˣܿƵģԱһƬհףʲô˼ҲججˮʲôʱĶ֪
ڻعȫñ佩Ӳ촽࣬߳ȥʱڹ⻬ĵ滹Щˤʺ
ôԴˡ
ʹ˦˦ʪܵԴڷ̺ϴͷʱʱжҰײҰ׵·ƣӱͿյĸоһϯ
ߺķƺҲʧˣʲôҲо
ֱ͵һʹŽӻлѡ
ͷһ紵粻֪ʲôʱ򱻻һѷˮץһֻĻ
˿ڲѪȿֺðڽ׵ë̺ϣ˯°Ҳɱմ˺Щôۡ
ô淳ˡ
ұԹţˮվҽҩһ£ȾѪĵ̺ߵһ߾߰㣬ӽϴ»ֻصҳһɫ»ϡ
̫ˡ
ڱȥߣĶ
˼ţŷ澹Ȼëëꡣ
ʮһµCѾ붬ˣҹŴ̹ǵĺ䣬Ҳǣɴưô꣬ɶС꣬ڵϵεδȴܸܵմʪͷ⡣
治ʹ졣
ˣˣҲٻȥɡʱƲ̾˿ñӸͷϡ
סģ߳Сžĵطʮһ˽ϻͷܶ޺߹ңѵõĩʹðҲ᲻ûؼҡ
ֵСԵС̯Сߺȵúܴտ죬ζ·˱ǿֱײ
ܲůһڵʱͬоԼΪӦҲԣţ¶ĿǰϹΡ
һ·εڹ԰ſڣǵûоúΪø궯
ǷܷǳҸӽȥŹȦַ
·մˮͰտյĹޣ˴֣ʼ˼ǻȥأʲôطȥʣµĥʱ䡣
ʱУ
һ˿ȷתȷԼûϴˣЦʱ۽ǡ
ɣô
ңǸеˣԵġ
ûг𣿡
˵䣬Ѿߵǰ΢΢ͷγɾһ˫װĵӰ
ʱ㿴ǰһСɡһͷĿ⡣
ǱĴɨ֪֮ΪʲôղŻ겻Ȼȥ˴룬޷ĸоҲȻʧ
Էȫɡʱ¶պָź֪ܵҹ䣬æ·
ˡ
޲ϡ룬ԭСͬаߵãȻá
Ķ˰Ľҩ
˵ġʱԼ´Ц⣬ǹɥɥľ˴룺ҳˣǳԵЩ磬ֶˡ
ãҲûгԣҪһ𣿡
ðʱ˿ֳ³ֿһֹסĲӣϻ˵ҪԷģûգòϣʲô˵ǧҪȫʱ򵥣ô䣡
ֻϧ˻ûȥԳɻ
Ǹ̫ʱҪŻؼңû˶תת˼·СԽˡ
ʳʱвŷԼĶˣһӿ⼸¾ͽĸɸɾʹͷβûֱͣԵóŵûţø¿ӡ
ۣþûôʳˣһıô꣬۾Ц˼Żԭɫɲģѹ֮ǰǳԷ̶̲¡
˵ڸһʼͬǻܸоֲ˼ЦѾˣҪô˵ҽԺԷԴһ澵ӣһ߳һգܶٶʳ
ʱе͵˳Ҫûڿ˧
ͷͷһο˧𣿡
Ҳǣٺ٣


 18 

ˣʱ²ҪؼңҲ;ܾҼҺԶڽ򳵻ȥҪСʱһȥٻᵢܶʱġ
û°ʱڰ֣ҵʱǣ˵ˣĩϿΣ˯Ҳûϵ
ĲˡĲôر룬еȻߵվ͵ɢʳˣòã
òã
Ȼá
ھһôá
ʱֺǺǽӹɡһֵֻô¶Ｗ
ָĴжһ顣
ôô䣿
ԥһ£۴ӣŶĸסֱů
С岻ɱغˡҺҹɫûбʱз֡
ŴӱóӲһָֺů
ʱкظܵԴԴϵůһֱݹŵֻһֶֻѣȴůħ͸ѪҺһֱ֫ٺĵطڻֱߺߡ
ܿ죬ʱое㲻ˡ
ֱСһȦûа취ȫסֱ
̵·ʱʱ˼һȻסģָؼָ죬ڶԷһȵʱƤԱһĸ̧̧°ͣЦûУΪ˰ȫСѹ·Ҫǣţܡ
ޡ
Ӳתͷգգ۾ֻֻ䶼̵
ϴһأĿǣ˰ɣ
л㱹·ȫ񾭴ж˱ʱнסֻϣĻϲŵ·Щͬͬš
ֻǣٳܵҲյ㣬ûã˻ߵ˳վ
Ѿĩ೵ˣȳĳûбˣLEDƻڲͣظŸƷƹ棬ϧΨҲ˼죬˭Ҳûп
֣ʱɡݻ˼ǵøҷϢ
áɵĵͷҲǡ
˵ëëûҪͣ˼ٻµҹ
ʱʾһ೵ʮһʮڸոյʮһ룬ʮӵʱ䡣
˲վվ̨ǰһʱĬػĬ˭Ҳûп˵
ðΣתͷŵøһ᣺ʱУ㣬Щ𣿡
ʱŶ·Ʒһ㶣ζ˼֮һȻðŸӦʧЦ̧ķʲôС壬˭ʱ鲻ˣ
˳ƸĿڵţУǿûоͺá
ֻǻǿü䣬Цǳġ
ʱв׵ʱҲΪչŮӵʵͽǰ澹ȻҲ˵Լϲܾõˡ
һֱںչ˱֮ǰڶ
òϣʱкϲֱţչŵĸоͺҲڱǹһˡ
ȣС壬⡣
ţ
ǻأ˵һϲ˺ܾõǴΣǲ㳤ôһѣ
գգۣ˺һ˵ͷѽǵһΡ
ȻĵĬĬһ䣬ǵڶˡ
ֲأһʣ˵ˡ
ЦЦû˵
ʱŤͷֶŶ·ƿһɫһţ̾˿
ðɣҳϣҲˡãҾͲôһ£㷢ˡ
ͷһ˫͸Ĵ۾ԸոմӦҳԷܲ밲ο𣿡
˼ص˵ԴСʣҰο𣿡
ʱ̧ʳָĴָȻһССľ룺Уȫοǲôһ
СɰһӾϵˣæ׷Ķ
һӵװͬ˵СˡʱкƤſ֣Ͱ͵ģͬӦӦأ
ͬڣһϲĺܾõһӵǴӦǲӦأ
ɵģһ˽Էж֤Ļش
еӵܹÿһůŵСһȦϣʺӵĲ࣬Ļܿ㹻ȫȫԼС
Сͬϵζ˵ݳ޵ҩ
ʱҪһЩԽڻֻǿţ°͸ļϣ˫ţƣһ¶ɡ
ôһ˲䣬쿪Ҫܹһֱӵˣһֱţչţͺˡ
ȴûа취ʵֵԸ
ϳʱʱЦվں֣ǵøҷϢ׼˰
á
ŻƮƮͣµС꣬ŻûţתְɡӸ㣬ðˣһȥѧУҾͺá
ҩĹܿڽҹɫʧʱеͷŵСɡԭ׼򳵻ȥƻȡúܸɴࡣ
ʱ仹أҲϿΡ
Ǿ߻ȥɣȫɢʳˡ
ȥķ෴СɡµŲУ졣
ͳʱ鲻ͬȥ·ϣƺƮƮȻëë궼С


 19 

һϣʱиսһû£Сͬסͽ˺ü硣
ϸһƣ۾ˮӺͮͮɫײҲңһˡ
С壬ð˰
˻شͷԼͷģšеߣãҩûУ
ܵĶŪɫ죬ɫõס
ûҲǶ⣬ֻǴѣٹԼͺˡ
ؾͲҩ֪ʱŴ۾뵽ʲôò϶˰ɣ
֮һĩǴ죬ºڷߵģûܻ
ǲǡæҡͷ£ĩˮϴ˸裬ȻڶϾͿʼе㲻ˣû⡣
붬ˮϴ裿
ʱԼˮҪѿյ죬ˮϴ붼һս
ʲôأ
ϼͣˣûˮû취˵ţƳ˸硣
ûˮͲϴ£Լܣ
ЦЦҾеС񱡣ϴ裬û취ҩ

СͬɾȻóҲùͷɣ
ôˣҲҪע尡ǣôСҲ֪ʡġ
ʱиϸһƱ߶߶£˳ִӰһȷϣڵİһ̲סݺἸ±ӡ
㡣
ȳóԣԳˣζǲܶħϰţϰγԶûϽԣȺġ˵ůůθðͺˡ
űӲһԿӣԥ˰ΣʱУһڵѾȥԲð緹˵ġ
˭涨ĸͬ緹ޣҪģһһû𡣡ʱдߴٵ֣ԣ˽ƤӲͲóˡ
ͷŰ׺һȣζֱڽǼ⣬˵Ǽٵġ
һֻСҧһڣ֭ˮһڴݼ¶Ȳ䲻̣Ÿոպá
ллС˵
ɶͬѧ֮以
ʱеӢЦ
СĺԶһССڵģһھһУΪ׽Ķһһ¹۵һţɰִһ
Ӧøʲôã
ſǸÿ϶ܿöѧϰŶǶ
ţʮӡ
ǰڿΣǾ񲻼õˣƤʼţһ¿ͨһһſ˯ȥ½ڿϿλҪʱлü²ѵù
˭֪á
Ҫٰɣʱд߽飺ôҲûЧʣҴȥУҽԺõҩȥ࣬ɻ˯һͺˣҵû
ˡҡͷܾϾҪпԣҵץʱ临ϰöͻѧĹʽһû죬Ҫġ
ʱУôҲаɣ
û£ÿθðܶ˯һ˯˯ѣһ춼˷ѣһ¾ͺˡ
ʱУ
һ¾ͺãôôأ
ʱʱûȥٳϷ裬ȥҽһðҩ£ȻͶڽݣΪһѹܺЩȴû뵽ҩĸðøˡ
ʲôУҽһҩ
ʱпҪˣ¶ߵĶͷòС־ٳȥֻܸż
УҽңǶΪǵطֻԤҩҽԶΰٲʲôûУǵȥҽԺźš
ӣҲüͷ壺Ҫٳȥɣһ绹ãҪŪҪסԺˮ˷ѵʱġ
ܼ֣˭ȰɿڣѧȥҽԺɣ˷ѧУʱ䡣
ţһ
û취
ʱָתһ仨ǰһ룬ָһɣžһӦϡ
ٿվ³ȥһ£Ҹʦ˵
㿴Ҵææܣȥģ
ϧʱ̫ܵ죬һգ۵ĹͲӰ
̶ϿߴŻЦֵͬѧϽң˻˯תͷһֵطֽ˾Ȼʦǲܾ롣
̰һӣ缦ʣҲ˭Ҳҿڡ
ʦ¸һΣӢϡ
ŲӶŽ̨λﲻͣ߶𿴹𿴹ǧ𿴹
ȻܾͿˡ
üһ֪Ҫ⡣
Ȼ
Ǹλ˭Ϊʲôûл

ʱдʳú淭ǽУҵҽԺҩԭ·ʱɲһأײһλ󸹱ˡ
꼶Ρ

Ǿˡ
꼶οʼûӦ۵С۰죬ֿһ߹ΧǽڷӦԼײʲô£һɣʱУԱ㣡ǽӿΣ
ûԵģɾˣ
ʱаԷ뾾ס֣ŵĨʹڵ÷ɿ죺ʦһͷȥ칫Ҹ
ƺӣץ˾Ȼܣ
ʱУվסܸǴŲţ
вסˣ꼶οҪʹȥһãҽ첻ִСӣ
ʱ˸ȳܵ÷ɿ죬һ̨صſڣʦĿΣӺ͵͵ȥ£ǰ꿪ŵĺžȻǹϵģֻӲͷƤ͵˰ſ
Ųңʱ̧ͷ˺ŵͬѧһۣǶţ£
ͬѧӵؿ彲̨ķŬŬ죬˵˾ʲôʱһû
ɶ
Ҫϸǰ洫һԶŵŭ𣺡ʱУվ𣿣
ͬѧתﲻֵܣรɡ
Ϥ䷽Ϥζ
һȣʱлûŪΪʲôʦɲţѾȲԽ˸ս
ֲ
Ǹʦе㼱뿪һ¿ξȥϰಹ
༱ٵʱ䶼ûУҪȫ඼һն࣬λϲϣѧУ߿ˣ
ʱУʦѽӸζѣûҪ߶Ȱɣ
죿

֮ǰˣܾһըûǾԲǶʱģʱģըը
ڿҲˣȥ¿θ칫ң

Ǽ߽ңʱһҩɿ¶ͳűӵס˿һĴͷɥı飬ƤЦҴ±֮е
ɽˮȡ澭¿һҪǵó԰ҪǻãʱҪѺȥƨˡ
һҩƮƮûʲôǱȴѹֵúܡ
֪ΪðˣΪʲôʱֻɤɵܡ
ʹգգʹ۾ɤС㣬ӿγȥΪ˰ҩ
Ҳǡʱ˵Уſڵĳӷˣ͵͵ȥһӣҩ˳ڶҩģرҲ޶ˣһ˳˸أҶٽ֡
ʱУȥ
ʱУҹ
ͬǰȻǽ̨ϱŭĲܾ룬ǽ׷Ĵӵ۵꼶Ρ
ʱվߡ
ʲôǰǺлᵽˡ
мǸ塣
ǸС
лҪ˵

 20 

ѧУΨһһĶԺѧ˽׻ŭĵطŪúˣ˵Ŭѧϰá
ʱⷬΪҪڱѧϣǹģΪһϣ֮⣬˭һ֣
ŪֵͷϵĳͷҲֻǲʹԴɨ༶һڡ
ܾĳͷҪЩѧѧ˵ûѧеʳʮ飬Ծһ֮ȫ꣬δһ£ֻҪӢΣûµʸϿһ죬͵ùԹȥվš
磬һɨȥ쾮԰ʱʱվһûĴ˿ǰͷȫעĲ֪ڿʲô
Ϣ߽һҶֻ۷˷ȥƬҶ֦ͣͣЪЪͣʱеĿһֱҶ
ô䵥۷䣿
ûʱеģһӲǰŵöһ͵ת߶ϡ
ôʱͷһοʱһֱûһЦ⣬һ׵ĺˮ²͸ʲôܣҲֻץסһŵã
ɫóϡ
ͷ͵һʱУ㡭
ȥС壬èɣ·ôûһң
ʱдĻŵؿ۾ܿ¾ϤЦ⣬Щλõɢøɸɾɸոյһǲˡ
㿴̫ˡĬĬָֻԼæµ۷䣺ϲ𣿡
ϲûаɣ
ʱһЦ˿Ž׵ֳˣǾ˼ô۷䶼ڳѨﱨȡůˣһֻȥ﷢ɵûУʲôأҾ뿴ʲôʱܱϹƣȻ͵С۷һԱҪһˡ

սǰҲȥС۷仹ûбأ͵ʵɿСһҲۣæ˰죬һҲûɵ
̫ʱƲƲ죬תֽźף˱࿴㶼Ҫ䱿ˡ
ѵһߵɨϣҾãܾСЩ·ɳ棬˵һͳȥˡ
ʱͷɫ棺С壬㻹ôͯİĺںСӣ
˵ġȥһ㲻ڿЦµС۷׷ɴ·װҶŻΪʲôԲɵۣⲻͷѣ˾ͺˡ
ʲôͷǴѡ
ʲôʱ̫Сһʱû塣
ûʲôʱЦҾʲôˣ
Źǣ˿ʵʵ˵
ô
óԡ
ʱҧһۣôһ˵ʳúóԵģһǵһ
һ󺮷ɨæסһ硣
ʱк֪λǸأλСǲ̫ˣðûãﲻڽϢܳ磿ϽȥȥϿλȥſҳﻹһףǵø˯
һ˵һҷơ
ߣҩЧҽѾ˺ܶ࣬ҲͷοˣðҲ򡣡
ҲȥһŴָðأ
ġ
㿪֣ƵɨɨɣҰ㣬ɨһؽҡ
һ˾ˣæ
Ҳ˵һ˿ԣΪʲôӿηǽҩ
ҹذͬѧ
Ҳǡ˿á
ֻСţľǿѾ̹ˣһΣѾȫûƢ
ааɣǸϽģɨȥϢ
ЦУð
ʱйӺߺЦ滢ף᲻㣡
ҩȥιʮǮһͶһ߸Լϲá
ʮǮٰʱ˵ô˸ʲôָûϵ̫ˣôĻ컹ʳôʢķء
ʳôķԡ
ʱУҲе
˵ȻʮǮһбʣһĳ档
ʱ˵ǶʮӢﵥ׼İ
һЦøÿˣ㲻˵Ҷû뵽ӦðһҲġ
ʱгջͷɿݵ쾮԰͸ųŵֻΨһһĨ˴ἫµЦϡ
ôôˣֻһι֣ʮǮ٣ô˸ʲô
ҡҡͷΪǮΪн˵ܺããҾͺܿˡ
Ϊ㣬ұãԺܿġ
йص飬ҶúܿģҪֿġ
ʱͷ˵ˣʼɨĵأֱ˰Ѵ쾮԰ɨˣɨλȥʱüײһ¡
С壬˵˾ͺˣ𣿡
ţƫͷ˵ʲô
ûʲôʱЦһס򣺡˵㻹̫Сˣʲôʱܳ󣿣
ʱУֻС˰ꡣ
СҲС
ҲǴˡ
һǱ꣬٣


͵һǩֱʵĸʮ鵥ڳְ꣬ĵһοҲԼ
ǰĸ˳ŵģSͷRͷֶʱͬڿҲǰ
ڿλĵһϲǲΰ룬ϲǿҲһֱǵһ̧ͷܿҪǿǴô죿
Աʱе͵öࡣ
Ŀġ
С壬ԵſôƺƴĹ̶ɢ
šɫͷǺɡ
Եֲôأʱ˵ϻڰ칫ˣǸոշֿƲŻôţͷɼ»طֿ͵ðλ
˵ӵģҳɼһ㣬δһͬһˡ
˵ɼһ㣬ƤӶҲţҪ˷š
ԭ⵽͸ĳĬˣ֪뵽ʲôȻѪЦᷴҪǳɼľһأ
ʱҲ룺Ҹݴ𰸣»һ
۾ܾʱУҲ
ʱ룬ҴˣҲǣ̫ԣҲ֪סǾ£ҿԹ⿼һЩ㲻һǰҿһ˰
Եֲܶϡ
ԽԽ취һĹѾʼԼ©ЩȥԼλɼһСͬˡ
ԣëһ΢΢ڸסʱУеģңʲôһҪһ
ϵĶһգںȥȫգ˱ʺͲݸֽĶһŲ׼£
λ࿼ʦǡôſһǰһңЦЦջĿ⣬Ȩոûпڡ
ʱиվԼֿտսĿûɷţ쳤ùıţȥţ˳ϸ
á
˸ɾĽźȻ˽ңתĿȻԼڷ֧ɫǩֱϡ
ʱҲһͬǣıͶȥ˴룬ֻʣ֮һ
ȫʮӢĵʹȥˡ
лҪ˵

 21 

ͷһ쿼ĺѧʱվǰ˰СʱԾſϿʼ˯
࿼ʦͼֲ֣һֻ۱һֻûȥֱ뿼Խʣʮӣת·ʱѣٸ˼⿨
ѧԵĴĽҲĽ
ԵԾһգʱֵҰתͷܡ
쿼ԣʳÿ϶ըŹǣȵȵã
˶ޣȸһ·ܵʳã¥ʱ̧ˣʱаư뱧˶¥
˸λϸջʱоһըŹصطϡ
զࣺôôࣿ
𣿡ʱд򿪴һһһոպãࡣ
ʲôһһ
ûʲô˼ѧӵһȺܹʱЦĲβʱ꣬ȻԾһһŹǱ߿б򷹵Ĵȥ
ΧЩΪʱûŹǵĽ۾ճȥˡ
ʣá
ʱϲóһݸѹڵ¸ģ̫ˣԵ⣬
ըŹ㣬ζֱꡣ
Ҳ˳ԣûһҪԭΪ̫һССŹֵܵ緹Ǯ
ҲǳԲֻûҪ
緹ǼᣬȻЩ뷨ԱССƷһ¡
ʱʱһˢˣûݳȥͱʱе
ʲôС壬ʱ
˵ʲôʱǰһַ̧Դʹѣֱϸķ˿߰㣬¶һևNɪЦ
ŹԣٷҲ㣬㰡׼ҿȻȻ
۾ȴġ
С峤ɫһ˫¹۸ǳɫеĳɫ˫ˮβ΢΢£ëֳ־ʱֻװģ
ʱбôſţԴǣԼԼ˵ʲô
ôңȻȻҶˡ
뷨һðʱԼһ
æŲԴİ̵˼ˣƽһ±˼ŹŵȻǲҵֵܡ
һξ֪޾͵Ŷһڶͷ
ʱУÿζ𣿡
ࡣ÷λϣʱѡѡԼȫ߶£˭ҽ졣
ҲҪ𣿡
Ȼʱ˵һ¾ʳò鷳Ÿ㣬Ե档ǲغóԣԶһЩؼҵҹҲС
Цˣòóԡ
򵥣΢¯ŪȾͺá
ƤͲˡ
ɣʱüͷ룬ЩȷĻ᣿
ᡣͷһС⣺ûйϵܴ಻࣬ܺóԡ
ֻҪģͶóԣɿǣըŹǣðҩҲôζ
Ƿħˡ
ƻúܺãѾµף͹ݵļְҪˣϰͻĹǮҲᵽˣըŹǣѧ͸͹һļ٣ȻʱһȥԻ
þˣ
ңҲĺһٵһٷ
ֻϧ仯Զڼƻ֮⡣
ڶ쿼ԣʱûг֡
һģһۣǰλǿյġ
࿼ʦȱûбֳȣȻѾǰкԾճϣԿҪʱŻдһ¿ϢȻԭȥ
Ҳ˵ڿԣһƣʱнĿư׾
͵һֱŵѧҲûмʱеӰûյһϢ
绰Ϊʲôûԣǲǳʲô顣ֻＸԥǲңæԼһ绰ȥŵ
ǣ绰ĳ˷Ϣ
һüϢʯ󺣣ûܵõظ
Բˣɾ͹ٵϢվɺҳЩ͵гϹȥ򹤣ֻǽ飬ƲסʱʱľҪֻһۣЧʽ˴롣
񲻶һϣֱʮչʰö׼°ʱڽӵʧ˿ڵĵ绰
һֻͱˢˣС壬ôҰ
ʱͲﴫڰյĲ䡣
ãһ
ĺһ첽Ӻ߽СӣˣĽŲš
šͷԼż⣬ʵʵԼ˼ûϿΣҲûлϢңΪˣܵ㡣
̫Сʱ˰ɣʱǹǷĵﶼޱȿɰܳʲô£ǽ켱ҴһϼæһûüֻҲǸһкˣԲ𰡡
ԷͷҲܰκ
ĶԻúϲ֮ڽһ磬һܻأǣ˭Ҳ
ûϵ˵û¾ͺãֻǿԡ
ʱȻûεĳɼϣһζѣûʲô˵ģǿϧĿ㵰»϶ûһˡ
ֻöܽ˵ڶߣĺ˲á
ЦЦѧ䵹ʱ϶ܶӰѽҲǺáϣ֮⡱һˡ
٣ʱһ˲̧ȻʲôƵģϽѹסɤӷŵɤţаС壬ҿҵЦˣŲŵһѧУʰ㣿
ţôʰ
ȣһ٣
áԹ˳ĻӦ¡
ôáߡ˼ˣʲôã᲻㣬֪֪ΪʲôѳҪãøġ
ѳ
һ㶣ĸڴݼؾ׽˼飬ЦԽԽŨҲŽ̡
Ĳ𣿡ʱпñգѰ뱲ӵĵӶˡ

ˣЩ飬ȴǹŲӰѻظһ飺˵ģѳҲġ𡣡
ӦһĬ
õΪǲѾҶ˵绰뿴һۣ洫һ͵͵ЦֱЦòӶ˸͸
ֻǿ
ðʱпڴڣľͲ£ôԵһСѣһǽߵģ
ΣĬ˻һ
󣬵һȻҹҵ绰
YҽԺסԺȣʱŵ绰ོæЦ۾쿴
ȿЦҲ˻ôôɰ˰
ֻص󲡷һλͷ˿̰ӣЦг̧̧֣ѽСҪҪһ
ʱ߹ȥӹӣһΣ̣ⶼʮһˣô˯ҽ˵ڵöϢġ
춼˯һˣﻹ˯ţ
ֶ֭ҧһڣ֭ˮǽ
ʱиϽֽ˳һŵڴر£У̣Ļ죬˵˵ãһ˲УϢǵϢ
ð
ĺ꣬ϾºۼǴ̸࣬»ܿʱҲһλɶõˡ
һһһСųԵˣʱùһְţݵʱ˺Ͱüۣ̲ס̾˿
̣ҽ˵ëһˣΪʲôǣ֪֪ҽӵҽԺ绰ʱûŵʹȥ
յϢĵһʱ䣬ԥ˿ԽܹҽԺ¥µʱ˫Ȼֹסط
ŵ׵ˣδӺҹﰾУǳΨһ
ȫûа취Ҫˣôô졣
лҪ˵

 22 

ǵҪæһϹͷҲûʱûˣô鷳ǣһСëһ̣ͦȥͺãҲǶһе㲻ҪҽԺǣ̫̫öෳˡ
˺ĺϲԳӣ˵Ľӹһһͣ۾гȻ鼫á
ôˣʱѵüͷĻرͬģ˭ҲȲϡ˵үǰҵǧһúչôԼ£ұүǰɣ
ͷôӴҲԼˣôͰ˦£б˰չ̫ţô֪ԼЩʱ򣿡
תһûˣȥãʱһÿвУⶼˣҲôԡ
ֺǺֽڱϣˣϵϲľͶ֡Ҳ׶룬Թ˵ĿƲס
ǾͺúϢ˯Ųû취ˡ
˯ҲѽҲ֪ͷˣ̫һ۾ܿǰͷѽΡ
˵⣬˺Ȼ۾һʱе֣˵ǲүүڸңҪˣӣʮͷˣҲüһඣ
̣˵ʲô
û˵滰˵СзģҸͷӼ棬һְֶںúչңһҵĻ϶ġ
ŶͣЩʱЩܾü̶˼ұضǣҽҲ˵ˣ˯߲Ϣ̫ٲŻͻʣӦҪۿҽɼңɥҪ˵Źֲˬġ
ǣ۾ͷӦãã㲻ϲҾͲ˵ˡ
ʮˣ޳ͦΣ忡һ˫۾γֳŽϨĹ
Цģܾòͬˣʲô˵ֻǵùȥʱЦǲ̫ĶһβͬЦֿ˲١
СУôãûٸϵ
ûСʱҡҡͷ赭дɫ䣬·Ѿȫûаνϣ˵¼ˣ˸ӣҶû
̾˿˼ҲְֲչˣﶼǹԵĶ̫࣬ӳˣ˭Ҳܲˡ
û̺ùҫ֪ôľһţǼӣģҪһӼҲѣǺõģҲĹ㣬ǷʽܻһЩСж£ƽϣ˵ĻȫûûҪҪ㣬ңѵ
ʱиЩְѿյ¶ȵһȡ
ͦõģҰҲͦõģ˴ҼʱЩ涼ͦãİɡ
Ķͦã
̾˿ȻĻҪ涼ͦãô֮ǰǲĵģػҶ˼ίίģΪһ쵽ƤЦҾͿˣϻ˵úãһôűߵ·Ҫ࣬ҾǿʲôˣǼٻϲ
ʱԾεúܺãЩû˶˵էһö֪˵ʲô
ίҲûаɡ
ûϵѽкӣܵίС飬ǧѧ֣ȥţǼ⣬Լײͬ벻ͨǲġ
ϵЦݼʱˣԼֱֻ֪һϢͷһɨָֻЩ
̣İɣˡʱƫͷգգۣӺʲôίģ˾ͳԿǣι֣ĵԶȲĵöడ
˼۾˿֣ӿģԸֺǣǾͺãĵá֮ǰǸ˵÷ˣߣһֱߵȥأ𣿡
ڡڣǲ
ʱеͷһ򵥵һ˫۾һγΪĻȸոպạ̃ҺȻãҲŬһ¡
Ϊһ˵ĳ֣ҾãҺ񻹿Լȥ
ˣ˵ΪֻҪ˾ͺá
ԴҪʼγˡ

ʱлصѧУʱٶѧԾѾˡ
֮еģȫ꼶ΨһһλֻԴϣһûۣһⶼƯƯ
ѧԵĹ⻷⡣
СͬҲ⡣
ʱа°ͣNɪܴĴָָԼʱǲرţƣ
šְ𣺡ʱĺôѵԾҲôߵķҾͲУⶼ̫ѣüҶ
Ǽ᣿ʱ̽ͷȥԾ⼸Ҹ㽲ɣѣ϶һͨ
ôҪԼɵӲŻܾ
һʱи⣬һ߻Ҫ͵͵ȥ˹һԾԴҪһʱоգգۣܹܵ
ֲö˵湤ɰ
ʱƽʱϿǲͣС˯ڵĥƤв⻹ͷһοôģִѵĿﶼС˼
ʱ̫ˣùâҲΪ
͵͵ˣ⡣
Сͬǳǳζˣϧ̫ʹĻҪŲ
ʱ͵͵˺źۼǰ˼硣
СͬȫĵΣʹôľҲǲ㣬棬
߻㿴еǲǶӭжˣ
ȥòӦʱ̧ۣŷС֪ͬʲôʱʼˣָһתñʸ棬ЦλͬѧѧϰҪѧϰӣôôרģ
һӻعԼҲ֪ôˣһ죬طŵԾϣеѣҸˡ
ĸʱĶĺܣһûòͷУ¸㽲һ飬һЩ˼ǵ˵һ
ͬʱеĸѵһΣʦû°һѧԾ˸͸
ѧʱ꼶ʦʱϿᣬϰԼ
д⣬ʱûд⼯ϰߣͲ϶һ߰Ϸȥ
ûãǰԾͺתָһֻһĴСܸҽҿ˰ҲŪ
̷Ļĸҿ
ǵڶ⣬ȷʵЩѣʱиʱҲ˺þòת
⹫ʽЩƣҪ׽һһ⡭
ʱӮһѣСͬҫ̧ͷͿǰԴüø߸ߵβΪͷĶӶߴƣԾɨɨȥʱ΢΢һ¶
֪ΪײףΪʵˣܾŮż̧ͷѯʱ۶ڷСġ
ʱʶ˽Ŀֱֱ˵ķܿƵ룬ѣ￿ôԴһˣҲ֪ŲŲ
ʱԼȫѡԼոո˽ʱñŻҪ
𣿿֮ǰҲù
˳ˣСͬѧ
ʱм룬ʮֵĳĻСԼҲκ죬ô˽ͨʣǻһҽһʱٸ¶һ֡
˵ţԹ԰ԾԼϣƳսԴֿˣЦõóѡ
лҪ˵

 23 

ǰŵĴ̨Ϸ˺ֲܶСģı˵ĶУȫѧԷӼڽҵģûʲôҲرչˣֻҪÿֵյտտˮͺá
ΪƷֲͬʱҲͬʱڵżһ裬ҵ˷ܰ죬һ¿ξȿֺ󼷹ȥ
ֵֵա
˶ߵòˣһҺȵִһˮϸϸŽͺڰ塣
ʱһϰζ˯ȥġ
۷ֽҶˣʣСͬͶżȻ̧ͷƳһۣˣЦ˯ˣѾԻؼˡ
ʱл˯ţ۷ſ˺һ𽥾۽һʰһɤӱƱ߶ѽô¿Ҳң㲻壬ҪûѣǲǶҹڽҹҹѧѧˣԱСˡ
ĵһŪúֺЦ˭˯ǰǧҲҪХҲҪ˯Ȼѵģ
ʱһһ±̧ͷָԼ⻰˵ģ
˵ġ
еӡ󡣡̧Դ˯ˣұҡ
ʱʰ˲뿪ǰߵ̨ڵһ˸λȥȿСͬšһӣùؾطڽϡ
Ҫã
˺ڰ壬˻Ϳˡ˵㲻ؼ𣿡
ҡţҲŻؼҡ
ʱĿݼŵԥܿת⣬۸ﲻһˮյĺڰ壬űӡ
ǻͦðϰ಻ٵҪ

㡭

Բۣ
ʶԼѿڶʲôʱͷһٿ۾ɿŤͷȥı飺ңңǸ
ġ
ĻûʲôرķӦɫݣЦǳ·֪¾ӦûΪʲô֪ûܻķϣûܱ𴩵ԱһжôȻȻ
Ѿϰ˼٣һ㵽ûйϵġ
ޡ
ʱеı̺ͻգգۣûжԼĻǸҲѧģȻؽӹĻͷǾͺá
»һӣ׼ʼڰ塣
ʱм״ȥҪɡ
𣡡
æָָ֣׵ף׽ˮ·Ūˡ
ʱмֲ֣࣬ڰѡ
֣룬ҪʵæȥҰѻˣˮҸոϴɾˣŪࡣ
ˮѾǰˮʱ˳ʱ˵࣬ˮЬϣܿοӰ
Ǹɾġ
ߵ̨ϦµĻչŸԵҶӣһ˯ѣ˯ʡ
ʱ浱𽽻һһˮһʱҶ˰죬֪뵽ʲôͷֲָС壬ʲô
̽ͷһۣǸľܽء
ܽأʱתͷϸ˳Ȼѹ֣֮ǰһλסۻͦƯϧڶлˡ
ľܽصĻ죬Ѿͦˡûϵܻܿġ
Ҳǡʱеͷ˵Сۣ㻹ͦû㶼ϵóľܽء
ʧЦ
ɣľܽؾӼġ
ߵ깭СǿľܽҶｽˮɫϸŪһ㣬ϵģڽʵĤݡ
յůƤǿҶ֦ѾŵâķĶͷ̵ͦıˮһ𻬽ʧ
ϲкǱ̫Ҫů
ͷһĽĽԹģߡ
Ҳڿͬÿ춼ܿÿ춼ܱ֣ڣÿ춼ԿСһſϰ˯ģ
룬Ҳѽ
ʱд󹦸ɣתǡɾһ˫ӣĿԣ䴽ǣ۾ֻ
ʱһ㶣Ĩһѣôˣǲʲô
˵ûУܸɾ
ʱɻ󣺡ڿʲô
Ϊҽ˻
ʱУֻСһʲôÿĵġ
˭˵С¾ͲԿˣ
ͷѷ۱ʺڷڽ䣬ʱзˮչȥſڽ϶ʰĿָһֱŲĶ⡣
˵С壬ǲ̫ˣҾУԵúû׷󡣡
𣿡̧ۿ
ġʱп϶
ǣûоûаɡ
˵ԭҲûʲô׷ֻǺܸлӵеĶģһֶ˵Һû취ġ
ûа취ģ
Ľһ仰
ֵÿĵأʱ۾״ƺǲĵ飬ҲҪǹϣ
Ӧ˯һ
Ǻòǻ
ô˵ҲûЦ˵õÿǣϾҪһֱǹţѿԽԽ˵ͱһƬɭ֣ס˹ֻʣºˡҪʱˣֵÿĵҲᱻ
ʱһһ㶣˵ͦʰǳ˵
ǰ˵ģҾ˼֪ͼǵڡ
ţȵʰ뱸һ̧۾ͿʱлſĶ濴۾ģȫע˽ĹԱ
Ե˺Դ
ôţӦʱ־ȻѾԾôˡ
ʱиո´ôã΢΢ů⣬ƸȥĴУ᲻ó֡
ͻľٶסˣʱͬҲһ㶡
ŵ˵ô󣬻û˭ôԴ
Ǻĸо˵Ǻ
ϸϸٸһ£˫ȴѾܿ쳷ȥճȭͷڴסһõȡ
ǸֻǸԼԼķӣ˵ģҲɡ
ţ
ʱֱֿźöˣ˴ңЦݲãԼԼҲǺѽ
УſѾ඼ɢˣ˴ţʱкԾ˷ſЦи֣ؼС壡
šϲ֣
ĿСԶʱתʱȻǿΪûмʱͳȥֻӽͰС⣬ԼǱÿԡ
Ӧ뵽СӦôֹۻ̹ȻĴڣ˼̫ҪӲ˰ϸԱͷŶŲϼ
ǱԱԱʱԼҲ㲻
Ψһǣ˵ϵƬɭ֣ڴѾһƬȴ֣ա
ôأ
ʱ룬϶һĿ϶һƬԭԺؽ⣬
Ľ̲סҪ
ֻĻֶˣ֣֪ͦܲڳ
Ҫһ£

⳵յ㲢ڼſڡ
ʱһվѯǰͲԾӿ졣
ֽ𽥱ñ䣬ֽźͻŽӵȫûа취
ǿת뿪ĳ嶯˺һ¶ҧźӲŰ֡
ԸˣԶ׼ľȡϾǰӵĵ绰һֱڵĵ
ŮҽЦħе˲ԾҪжз
װҶΪȲˡ
װģܸңʲôƿ𣿡


 24 

ڿԽһڣгɼ½ѧУʦһ£ʼֻĹؼʱڣӦӣһ¾Ӧ忪ҳᡣ
ϢһųͬѧǵķӦҲֻء
òȻη壬βĵƤǾͿʼ̻̲ˣԭΪһܻȥµãסҪ̣ʵҲݡ
еƫˮƽ˵ϲҲ㲻̫ãңңȵʱȫûпɱԡ
׻˵úãˮת
ѧʧǰ㽻Ű׾ϵλһӾ͵˸תʹƳɼǵƵһҲȲ͵꼶
ôѧԣϰ༶ȵĸоˬˬ
Ǭʱ棬һҧ죬ֻĸλдϡ
ʱкߺձ˵ûҾǽ׾Ҳߡ
ʵдװף۰׾ʱֻܷѹǬһͷƫԴϡ
Уһѹһͷûʲôýаɣ˼ҿɶֱѹҼٸͷأ
ʱСһţȥͷ֡
ǬЦųȥƲСĳǰͷһҽУŮعͷ۾ۿһȦ
Ҫ㣡
˳ƹۿ۲ˡ
ǬһϽȥԲԲ̣ûע⣬Բǹģ۲۰ӦûͺɣҸ࣡
ëëź׵ĵطһͨ࣬˼ԭؾصķһë
ҪˣǬôô
ֹʱں߿ŶģҵԲͲžشϣÿúõͷŪɼˡ
Ǭջ֣ⲻҪ
Ͱһ߿ǡ
׷ǬҪǬԴ۴вҪʱЦɹϷҪǬʱְϻ
ãϲ룬ڵĵطô֡
ֱϿΣǬ֤һ̲裬Ŵ󷢴ȱŻȥ
ʱвϲԾ͵ͷо£ǰ༶꼶ֶβϣĺ㵰Ҳ֪ڳЦ˭
һû˼ҵ֣йоأȲҲɫӵӢﲻѧϺȡ
ѧƵģѧÿɲС
룬ײһ£شչȥСС壬ʵҾҪһѧҽ̡
һͷˮ
ʱָָķкܴĽռ䡣
˳ָķ򿴹ȥʮ֣һ֣ռɲǺܴô
ҽ̣˵ǹݳˣǴʱϣǽǮϡ
òŵġظͣҽ̫ˣҳѧУû̫ʱѧϰ
ʱҡͷĪ⿴˵ĿɲֻǮļҽ̡
ʲô
иˣ˵ѧɼʮԸҽ̣ѣҪҪۣ
Ծ˼άɻ˭
ʱг۾ʾζʮ㡣
ȻӦ̽ؿ˵Լ𣿡
źߡ
ģ̲סЦȤѧԣNɪˣεİ༶Һ漸ʮ
ʧ֣ʧ㣬ֵܷβҲڸǲҵƵһʵ
һʱëԼЩ벻ͨΪʲôͻȻҪңˣǸһǧصϷͨ𣿡
ûСʱ˵ΪʲôҪɣҵͬѧ𣿡
˵شʱһȻиԭϲһҪԼҸɡ
һ̹ʴֲ
޴룬Ͱ˵һ֣űţһŰ׾Сͨ졣
Ϊʲôϲҡ
ûΪʲôʱޱȻسԼҾǾøһ˯˯رر㡣
һ˯
ûаɣ
ҴҶͬѧͬϲ㲻ͦ𣿸ѵ㲻ϲң

زʱ˵ϲϲȫͬһִֶǲɱӿʴӡ
ܵķӦԼƵģԼһǻ˼סæתԽ׾ͼתƻ⡣
Ǹҽ̵黹ǵȼҳ˵ɣ㣬ˮƽô࣬Ͳ¼ҳʱѵ𣿡
¡ʱҡͷԣںæúܣûй˷ʱ䡣
ˣĹμҳʱҫֱӴ绰˵һûգһ˴
ʱֻҪǰһкɼŵУҪʵסҲɣϾ̣ʱҫĸס
û뵽ǧ㣬ͷȴһҲû׼
죬ӦæڹϸֻʱҫԵˡ
ΪҳǵһϤѧУҪȥһ¡
¥裬뿪ڽ̧ͷʱһ¥͵زȻۿҪͷȥŵЩͣһкӲ˵ӣ˵ҲΪ
·ͻȻΧ˶ӦҺ漸һװĵ˼ǰۼֿ
һסԷ֫˲Ұ
״˶һ
豻ŵɫҰףȶЩع¥ݣһ˵л
û£֮ͣû˾ͺá
˺һɿ֣鵭ֻһ˿ǡôòֿ
ˣܲһ¸߶Ľģ
Ӿлʵ֮мЦüۼ価᣺ôɣŮǸ߶ģҪһȥɡ
תͷϸһȻ۾һ壬ǲʱеļҳ
ʱҫԵͷ֪ԷʱеͬѧЦĿ֮ȥࣺţҵȷʱеİְ֡
ͬǵ׼ͥƽҲףѧУʲôȤ¶ͬʱֲİĿдЩȺͿޣһֱ꼶һǸʱаɣСᵽöΣλĺӣδһܿһѧУġ
˿Լĺӣ˵Ǽٵġ
ʱҫʵļЦ⣺Ҳ㡣
˼˳һԼβ裬ЦҲУʱбȲ˺öأΰڿԣʱȻֻƣȴ꼶ƵһҪȫ͵һ϶
˵ģ⡣
ʱҫδüЦݺܿ콩סüͷһ壺ֻƣʲô˼
Щȣ֪
֪ûиҡ
һǿԵڶţµȱĺ۶˰׾
׾
ʱҫһЦݳüͷ࣬һ֪Ƿһ˹ȵס
е㱻ŵˣ֪ǲԼ˵ŭżʶ߿
ı仯Ϊǵԭ򣬸æͷǸԲʱС˵ˡ
û£ûϵ
ʱҫʱʵǿһֱĬֱңĸŮ˭Ҳûٿ˵һ仰
ҳѧǾҪ˳ˡ
ԼλãתʱǬƤһٲʺƨƯһá
һۣĿå
ǬҲģԾƤЦţߵſֻͷһۣ޵ʱаְҲͦ˧ѽһǸɹʿи
ûôֹۣǶԾʮĸӣЩǡ
ʱеİְ֣Ƣ̫á


 25 

Ϊʲôύ׾
ʱҫѹɤ
¡ʱڵ
ƮƮ̬һμŭԭ鼫ʱҫʲô·ҪڿԵʱ٣֪ڶ˵Բ
ˣҳϿʼͬѧ̶⼯ϣԺʦȥ¥ӳ
ѵĻϣĽʱҫڶֻܺݺݵһۣ֮ţҸһȥ
ʱг˳ǣת첽뿪
ߵ衣
Ϊûйһֱڼչɷӣѹأƽʣʱҫȫ෴ڴλߵλֻǵҲߵ˲޵ѹȡ
־ѹȣһкҲҸʼյͷڽŬؽԼĴڸС
ڼʱҫǵĺӸʱͬòԸ˼仰õĻӦ֧֧ᣬŮΨΨŵŵģԱҲ첻ٶ˵
Сʱʱ˵˵̲̣ӳһĵĿƽ̵Ӱε߶Ҳӽβ
ʱʱҫߵȲҪ뿪˼վȳȥ
ת߳洫һʱ
ʱҫعͷòף£
Ҳûʲô
̧ڴߣЩԥǸֻ˵ʱǸĺӣһοԲܾʲôοҲȫǿңֻٶѣϣ̫⣬Ҳ̫ȻֻǵһһԼĿûҪǼµ˼ϣʱҪ⡣
ʱҫĻÿɷ񣬵߿Ҳֻһοԡ
ﻰ˼ԡ
ֻ̾˿ǸЦЦҶˡ
ʱҫҡҡͷû¡
תֵ
ʱһȱߵţܿȥתͷʱнܣ衣
ʱվֱˣرɵظ˸кãҽʱУͬ
˧òĺϲͷҲЦҲһá
ʱеĳƺ˸±ǲԼ쳣һ䡰ǻˣܼæ뿪
ʱĿĸ뿪һתͷͿʱҫһЦһĵ׷
ʱҫ˾һֱУȺһϳʱҫض׵ļӿʼʦ
ʮڽҶ㶪Ҫٽ׾ôɴֱпĿȱڸһĽͣʲôҪʱȥ
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ʱвͷһһ٣˵һˡ
ʲôʱܻȥҪ٣
Էʱ鿪ʼñ꣬ɫڳ˫߬ƴŲܲԼԼ
̲ˣεھӷ͵ҽԺԭ˸ǣϻҽԺҴ˵绰
εˣʱҫüͷΪʲôû˸ң
ʱһʱϰæ˭Ҵ㡣
ʱУ˭̵ô˵ʱҫɫڳһ˲ʱжֻҪ˵һһԼ
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˵Ǵϰ壬׬Ǯ˵Ҫǲǣ̵ͲҪˣ
ıָǶ÷ۣһ˵ĺӽŵһֱͷЩƲס
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žһƤϣͷŽʿȫͬʱҫھһֻŭʨӡ
ְ֣ҵأҲ㳶ЩĸȨڷͥϵô˵汣֤һɲţھŰ׾ң
ӡȫɼĳɼһźݺʱмϡ
ʱУԼλãĺӲһеϣעϣñʧԺ飬ҲٿڶΣ
ʱۿһĬתͷųɿ쵹˵еֱĿĵؽӽʱֿڣŵúᡣ
ȷеϣеӣҵĶӣüĹߣ
˵ʲôʱҫŭδѵϣ迴ĳɼϣ֪Щôģ
Ȼʱг˳ǣǲǺԼҲûʲôҪںʲộĵֻǽǲԤڵѡ
ΪʲôҪֻ̣ʧܵ˲ŻڹΪԼɿѣ֮ҲҵĶӳΪˣ
һζĺЦʱ۵һ˳ĹʣֻһƬ䡣
һ·ĸ㰲տڲԣʱʼճĬزͷֱʱҫڳʻ³ʱʱӵ绰ֵͷϻع˾Ҳûٿһۣ˵һ仰
ʱҫǰ͸ɩкƿţһ󷹲˵㣬ϧʱֻ÷θ
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ʱбһŲͽȻӿ죬ֱֱͰһŻյˮʲôҲ²
ֽűɿ죬һֻֿ޴纣Хһڣ·綼һ˲䰵֪ڻŵʲô֪ô֪ʲô
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ͷؿڰ׾ǽשϴںʮӺǿֽŽӲػص䣬ӴͷһСƿҩһºŴ߻ڵء
CдһůʱѾƮƮСѩˣȴƣǿա
գһĴʹûˡ
ҡҡλվͬһ½еĵƹȫ򿪣ƻͨһҲŹ
ϵĲѾˣʱоȫͰŰƯĸֲƷʣˮͰﾹȻĪһˬС
һҲʰˣʱȥ˳ˮͷϴָϵգԼıָǶ˿ڡ
ˮ˿ʱɱĹʹʱȴȫûиоһһ⡣
ֱһֻҰè˵ϳĴأٿػ񣬵ͷһһѵ

а
۽ĻңµܻؿֻͨѶ¼淭һ󣬲ͨ绰
̣㹻Է¶ͳֻ
ιʱУ
ڶʱнȻɣ겻һӾͶһ롣
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ԭǽ䣬ǱڵЦŻӦƽʱһ޶㵽𣬻ְûдŵɣ
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ңҪvʱ֧֣
vǰĶĻӰĵĺ񵥣ķʳʳҪǧҪңΪţͷʲǡ
VÿոżӸϸһҪѽңж~

 26 

ôãʧߣ֪Լһȥˡ
´ΰɣ´ηż٣һǰ㡣
ôû¸ɣǳȥһ죬԰ʲôĶУ㻹ȥӰˣҪѰǷ˺þõǶٻϡ
ʱе˷ڴȻһ֣ĺһŵĴ
֪Ҳ̲סȸԾ
ð˵ûʱ飬Ҿ͸㷢ϢȥԻ
ףҵϢһǵøҷϢ
ţá
ҵ绰ŰµĻ컶ϲķ졣
Ӱ԰ʲôҲʱֻһ˵ԶҪһԼᣬˣˣûбˡ
ֻһԸĽҲÿ
һ̣Ưü䶼ǿ֡
ŶѹסϲǸˡ
֮ǰûһͬѧ绰
ΪǼͥ⣬µ磬Ҳڲ֪˳ĬԵԸڼһͲ࣬ʱھҪڿһǼСܶ£ľ
ףЩ׻ѣ˽ٴǼǲǵԱ֢
αƵĿᣬҪǻǿһЩĸףƶֱӸ˺Ϊ
ѧֻСѧ˿һ䣬뿪˺ͶӸûа취ԼֳżͥηСͳ˺µıǩ
ҸǺһ˵һػֻװûҹ˯᳣֮ʧߣ뵽Щ̲סܵᡣ
Ҳֻٶģˡ
֪ӵĳĬԲԱգĶӱ˶ҪʣҪҪֹۣǼôЩҲûбĥϣֻ̫£Ҳ̫ࡣ
һϣһ
ʲôᣬҲûѣϹӾȫ硣ĲģⱲҲֻ֪ж¶ܣϣԼĺӽҲ
ڿҲԸѣĺøˡ
Сͬѧ𣿡
šͷЦⲻϵĻȱҹɫҪ᣺ҵͬһررõԼȥ档
ȥ棬ȥðЦȥͬѧߣ˵˵첻Ǽְڼá
֪裬ġ
ţֻҪС£趼ܷġ
ת۲֪뵽ʲôüͷ΢΢ɫܿ측ֳŨصĵǣְ֡Ҳ֪ôˣ仯ҲȵñƵֵµףϴδӦǱǮ
ᵽǣĺ鱻ٳ嵭ˣ̧ļοûµ裬ģǮҲصúܺãᱻ֣֪ҵĹʵж٣ֻҪһС־Ϳˣʣµ㹻ѧѧѡ
ĸѵɢ˵Ļᣬڼʶ߶ȼУǾ仰ִŭġڡѰʱţǸ붼롣
лصС¥£ʶ̧ͷһۼλá
ӴȥһƬڣһյҲûп
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ĸʱЩ䵱ҲûҪŲ׼ʰ˯
һ˯컹Ҫʱгȥ档
Ȼ֪ʱп϶컹ĩҪһЩʰһԼڵÿԸ˳һЩŻ԰緹
ԣ̧ͷʱվǰ治Զһ۾ſķڴ˵ƣԿҰ׵ĴɫԼֹס˫֡
һ˳Ŀ⿴ȥ
ɳϴһˣΧڲױָζ̺ǣԭӦڷ˯Ķޣڿǡ
ǡ
ıŵģֻǶˣǶԼĿ־壬˵ʱⶼ̲ס
ôôû˯ҸողȥСҳᣬʱ·ϵһ¡
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Ǿǡ
ǲҵǰɣ
ĻһңȵĻҪ죬ǰһ뻹򶨵ɳϳ̣һͽȼյͷ˦ӡ
һУۼֿĸԼһ־Աߵ̬ǰ档
֣ΪҳʦིЩʱ䣬߻Ҳѹŵġ
ڽҪƽϢǵŭⲻ֪ոʶҪĶѾ׼ŭ
ôӻȻһ˶ûУǲҪңôǴ˻õˣ˭ҶǲǣְҾͿ򵽵׳жӲҸӸˣ
һ˵һߣȭͷ̧־ȧңû飬·ӣĳˡ
ÿֻӲ
һȭͷ
飡
һ죬ˤڵϣһ˲ֻú˺ϲʶհãͷۻ컺
С
ҹˡ
صͬʱ̾ȥǶ죬־סһͷؽ˳һֽסֱۣһקͷʹľײ
ģôãڵãңޣʲôŮһÿãӻҪ
ʹţ֡֡
ʹðʹ
ʹ
˻ƵĿ޺˻ʶʹ۾ǽײײվ˹ȥסǵҪ
ֱڣŵǹŨҵľŻĳζ˼ȶġ
֣֣Ҫˣ
˺ãˣڰһŪǲַңӽ֪ӿɲʲôǵģ
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һѪ۵Ťˣ̷ſתĿϡ
ʲôҲҧӣҽ֪ӵŪң
סɿأͬʱϥһߣͨһǰ
⣬û취⶯ֺڶϣҵĽʹϮûܶãǴֱؽϵ輸ϵ̻Ҹ׾ҡ
һһ£жвˣֻһһڶͷƣ
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̻ҸױӻصϣŲֳ⡣
ʶʧѾоʹˣֻʲôĶðס˫ۡ
ˡ
ѹ롣
죬ʱе룬ҪʧԼˡ


 27 

ʱŲҪٵ, , һϴɵҹŷˡ
˯Ŷ𲻳Ҳûʲô, Ｗ˶ǵҪͷѱը, ϸȥ̽̽, ȴֲ֪ʲô, ͷҲԭ
ůķ䣬ůıѣʼ治ȱֽ, ɿ죬ƤҲ÷ɿ졣
ߵҹӿʼлʱҵˡ
ٶȸԼһ, OO@@ڳ, յĸоȫû, ŻԸ࣬ࡣ
ʱöˡ
ڿյĿֻʣ뷢˺þõĴΧ̫, ֿʼƲס﷢š
Կһһ¿, һһ˵죬ʧǣΨһһ㶯ûеЩ
С
Ǹ˵, ϸģܰħ
ʱþôͻȻԽ룬Խץô롣˵˵ƤЦ˵ʲôãֻҲԡ
תͷʱ䣬Ѿ賿ˡ
˵̫磬̫磬ڱ˵̫˯ʱ䡣
ʱ䣬СӦû˯ɣ
ʱжֻ
֪ܻԼΨһǸ˵֪ҹҪ
ȻСƢûҲô۸
ΣʱѡתִϷ濪ʼϷ
һڼңҪĥʱõķҲֻϷһ·
ŰѣӮΰ룬ڵʮϷʱʱŤŽӲĲӿ⣬ԭɫѾʼס
ǽϾ޴Ĺָߵʮ֣ҹǱȥˡ
һͷۻ۾ʹθڷһģһ뵽ϾܺСͬһĩȫ׵Ժ
ϴϣһ·ʱڿɳϿʼֻȴһϢ
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ʮ㡭ǲ̫Щ
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˵û飬ϾͻᷢϢԲԣ
ʱеӿʼһĿȻ˼е߼
û飬ͻϢȻ˳ż棬飬ǲǾͲϢ˵ҲᷢϢһûпգ첻ܳˣ
һû˯ӾסˣãûиԼϢԼҲǿԷϢߴ绰һʡ
뵽Էпպûյļʶ԰뿪ʱ˷ʮҲ˲٣֣µؽ⿪ֻﲻĬһҪпһҪпգֻ˯ͷֻ˯ͷһҪпա
㿪ͨѶ¼ûҪǸ룬һİʱ˽
ɨһۣͦ죬ʱûԥ˳ֽ
ױ䣬컯Ūˡ
Էͬʱϵб鶼һ˲ýӲ
̶̼仰ʱ䣬һŲΪԼСܸͬܲԼٶȵԨصһˤϡá
ιãʱʱ𣿡
YصһҽԺ᯷ڽͻѪ˶ӵԭʱ䣬ھŵʮŷֹͣ˾Ϲ񡭡
һʱҫź۾ɿϵ
µϰףҪٳְɥµġ
ʱвЩҺµﳤһ˴뱲ӵˣƽʱ̧ͷͷҪྼģ˵ûûˣпͬʱҲԷٳ
ֶԺͣŹײĵݾĵһҲûС
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ʱҫһ߳ȦУȴվʯĳ᯷ʱ˵ȫ壬᯷ȥˣŬһȥһ룬ôܴܲ
ĸҪĶһϻ᯷ʱ֮ֻʣ¹;ˡ
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ɲôյҪͣ£Ҳܻѹһ̡
Ųڵ棬һθܵϴʱʱвŴӷԺξѹ
Σһжġ
ϲС󣬸ĸǼ꣬ʱҫûʵĸѹĴǼ꣬ɹѹǶʱ̣ڻԶ뿪ˡ
̰˵ҲϲԶԶģߣȥһֱûи㣬ôûȥȥˣ
ˣԺܣٿƲסԼǲǾ޴ȥ
ͬѧôﲻǽվڣسܶ࣬Σյġ
һŨؿĴŸ޴ı֯Ա߲ʱҪÿһҡҡλβˤʺҺô嶯Ͻ˷ס
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Ϊһֱ¶棬ֱ෺ϣָӲǳ
ȴĸܲһʹһ㺮䡣
ֻ֣£ͬ˫Ҳǣ·ȫʧȥ˸֪ɫҴҵ·һǹձֱַȡůֻࡣ
Ŷƽ룬ѹҾ·ô࣬ԭǽŶ˰
ǣƾűܻлߵһطʱվ¥ͷŴš
ϴʱĵͼᶨԼȫʧøɸɾϯĿ־壬޾Ŀܡ
ָоϤģЩһŸֵϣһ̻صرը֮ʣµļžԭĻҪ˾
˵֮ǰֻƮں룬ŬϺϣ̵ʱҫǷֱӽϽ˺Ԩһ
֪֣ʱеѵ֪ԼʱýȥǿֿŲȥ˫ԭ˸ûа취Ųһ
ȥԣžͺãԼͺˡ
ûãܿиŰתţ¥ʱǡÿ¶ȵı飬첽ߵǰ
ʱУôǲлҽԼʱ𣿲Ѿ°뿪ˣҪڰ绰
ʱмлҽͬ£ҲЩ˽⡣
ûУ
ĵʱͻȻȽŵִȫռϷ磬˼ֻ·ûҪ
βϴΣѾṳ̂ȥ
ǳô˵Ҳһҽʱмȷ̬̲쳣
ʱйǽڸǵúܺã֪ľͻΪֻһֹ۹ȣʹȵĴкЦݲõȻǲл˼˼ϳ⡣
һ̵ʱдеĻɡ
ѾɫǳҵɫǴ޾â˫۰£˱ˣã磬˾ġ
ûУûҪ˭ֻ··ѡǿһ飬Щؿһۣܿת첽߿
ǣʲôˣ
üͷԶԶʱеӰʧȺУ룬ͳֻл˼˼˸绰
ʱлصʱѾȫ¡
һΣʱ¥¥ȥҿأڻصԼˤĴ󴲡
ۣۣǻ˯š
ǵڼˣ
֪ԼҪϢҪ˯ߣǾովҽԺһ˼ƲסжԺԵҹȫѹ
ŻĴȥϴ˸裬žͬҹһ򿪵ӣɳ
ȻԼȥյܲθ͡
ˮտϸ׵շŽʱпŽˮµڵθĸоһӿϣһŻվʲôҲ²
ҩƬһɰͰ͵ĻѣʱǰѷζҪȳ
ڹײǰöûһ̣̾ȿֺ󼷳ۿҽ̺ϢĬľ

һʰýʱˮո˴룬һֺڹ߽÷ڣһֻʣķˮ﷭졣
žͶġ
ʱľƫͷϻ뿪һɽڲڣͼѹȥЧԶʵ䷴
첽߹ʱ֪ôĽϰ׾Ĵɱһ죬ɱײڵשˤķѡ
Ƭ˺ЩĽű滹ʣµİ뱭ˮʪȡ
ʱбŵ˲ܿһϼƬ·ʲôħĿⲻ׼㿪
ĺܼĶҪѶĺָϸСʹ˿ڡ
ػعʱдڲʺҺϸС˿ڣ˷ܣ־齻֯ſʼӣĻһʱʴӡ
ô죿
Ҫȥ
УԵģԵġ
Ŭͼ˵Լʱʹ˻ԴײײվͳֻҵǸ˵ĵ绰
ĵľݡ
ˣľݡ
еģеġ
һԼĽ̿뼫Ȳֽ±
ûа취ˡ
ǻҲûа취ˡ
²ţеҪӵĵȴҲԵܡ
ڣ绰һߴ
Բĵ绰ѹػԺٲ

ʱваعҶϵ绰ֲ˵ڶΣΣǵĴΡ
ûʲôı䡣
ʾǽԨһ
һ˫۾ÿ£ָ߬ϸϸܵĴʹʱ뱣ѡ
û£û¡
ʹ˼ԼԴŬǣ¶ƽʱһ޶ЦݣС⣬ҪţȥߣȥߣȺͺˣԣȥһˡ
߶ţתڰ̨ϻҵطԿףֻҲƵ뿪յ˵Ĵӡ
ĺá
̫ůǡϺ΢磬Ǻ˲
·ɹ̫˲٣ż·һ㳡ΪóҶͦϡѵõ⡣
ʱнһ˫ƲҲ̶õִ¶Ŀĵǰߡ
ˣҲڱ֮⣬Լ֮¡
ǻǸܲ˿ů
ںҲû취оһ
ֻǲʱ䣬ͻȻͱųˡ
û꣬ܲеĿտǣʲôůʲô֪ܾͨͨԼ磬˶һѪˣֻһľżǿյ
ָо̫ˡ
ǰҲصҪ̲ȥʱʱôأ
Ϊ˲ֿµӽθԼӻ£ӵߣſŵζĻ̸Լ˵ʱڣܰ˯þ
ڲˡ
ˣ˲ҲûطȥǸ˵ԴԶ˴֪Ǹʹ಻ס
֪Ϊصģ֮Ϊļʹ಻
֪ʲôʱʼЦݳߣʳαװԼʰ޺һյСӣֻû˵ĵط˵Ի˿ڣһδڳ嶯ԨԵ̽İԼŪñˣҪһ̤ȥҲ
һΣΣΣΣ֪Լֶܼá
־ʵ壬Ҳǧٿ׵һͲƲˡ
һ·ǰ԰ſڡ
ǰеĹ㳡Ҫ֣С˼һţЦ˵Ķ䣬Ȼһ˲һ̵ԼӶʲô
֪һ˿ѵõ泩
ǣԥƱ԰
֡
װ˵ĿͨżȥȣջСǺӰݻҵҵڹʰ쵵ݣÿĿ涼ǳĶ飬ڴ¥ϳɤ˻ڶ
һжô
ʱϲ֣޹أҲϲ
Ҫ׵˶ɵļѾ㣬СܹҪϵʽʱܰڳ־Цݲƴڻܾǡ
һжõķƶֻǰҲޱϲ
ֱ˳һˡ
һŮˡ
ȻˣȴɺƯ۾Ƥϸһɢڼ򣬳ĵߵЦⶼһᡣ
ʱдԭأ΢΢۾գҲգ
Ů˵ֽа£ѪԵϵ겻ĸס
ûҲѵóһصˣô⧲ײϣ˵Ǽٵġ
飬ҲŬȡʱеĸȨΪ˰ܷ
ʱʱлС֪ʲô飬֪ʲôǸȨֻ֪֮ҪͰְһᾭǲٸһסˡ
뷨һֱ˺ü֪꣬ʲô飬֪ʲôǸȨ֮󣬰±û
Ǹʼ˵ϸŮͻȻʧˡ
һʼᱧڴȣ᲻һͻȻǰûԭģʵǺܹܰ
Ȼ˵µɷµļ֮ͥ󣬾ʲôˡ
в˵ڵڴͬǸɸ˵żһ˭Ҳûиߡ
ΪԼѾģܼҲϲܹ޲ذһҲôкİˡ
ǽ棬ŷǸ߹Լ
ʲôǼٵģǵһ۾Ͱϳˡ
ʲôİ˲İˣȫϹѳòϣԼʱĿ¶һᣬǺ޹ʶԭԼô
ǣʧȥһҪ˵Ĵʱ˿̣һﶼᱻϾݵǣҪקס
û޵ĳ嶯ȥĳ嶯
Цӯӯߣܿ촽ߵЦⲻʱ߷ƵģƯ˫ֻ
ʱпֳ̧ԼУʾȥ˼Ȼŵǻϲޱȵĺ¡
ˡ
ô죿
ŵغţҹȥôкô˵ǽ𣿻Ӧֱӽһ裬ϾĴˣСӲõģһô죬ֱܲӱһ
˼ת÷ɿ죬ҲԽԽ
ɾֻм֮ңʱһ˫βСŮһ޻Ǵֱܹ߳ȥ
ʱһ£Ϳ¶ſ˫ۣСŮӵС
ôôƤոճԱ˷ǣ
裬ְ˵ˣ޻ǲǡСŮƶ䣬Žͻ᳤ġ
ְƭСԣ󻰾
СŮŶһЦſԣװ۵һڣСŮת뿪
ʱеЦݽϣһССȵ޴ز֪ôðŽƽ
ĸŮһһСӰԽԽԶкòײžһ΢̼ɢΪС
ŶԭŮŮð
ûǿɰǵġԣһƯ˿϶ҲǸϲС
ԭѾϲ˰
ԭʱҫ˵ĳɼĻҲƭİ
Ҳͦõġ
ôţһ˲óƽΧҲٲʹһ˿һ
ԣת뿪һ˻ķӡ


 28 

ڿ, ӻһǰѾһĶ, ȵͨϸͨԼƯëżĻģʱж˶ɳϿú档
ߵ㣬ɫʼ, л˼˼ĵ绰ڶ
ιлҽ, զ, ¶ǵ
ݵؽ绰, ʱɳ棬ЦһֱȾǸûûֹ۹ȵĴкص
绰ͷ˱ʺŪЩ㶣, µؿڵţУ, к, ʺһ, ô鲻

ʱָʶ½ǣŤͷŻ谵·Ĵ⣺⻰˵, 㿴鲻𣿡
˵Ҳ, ˾ϻл˼˼˵ϻ˵Լû׼ãҪȥú׼һңô, Ҫʳˣ
ô᣿˶׷ðɣˡ
л˼˼ЦһʱԼԼǱԱϸ˵ʲô˵ڽд׼ʰԷ
һˣȥͺ֡
ʱ˵лҽûг
ûУ׼ԣأˣ
Ӻܺʱ˵ؽںܿգҪʲôȥ
ûСʱҡҡͷĹлĶӣûԣҲ׼š
ǿ绰òʱ򡣡л˼˼ЦУʺҲʺˣҾͲˣȥԷɣҲȥˣȻ̫̫һҪ£䡣
ͦõġ
ʲôл˼˼ԶЩû塣
ûʲô˵ȥԣҲҪȥԷˡ
ãǹˣͷġ
ͲﴫҶϵæʱдߵЦ֮
ͷġ
ǣлͷ˵ɡ
ɩǻȻһµʳģ߲ӦоУϴһҲɱϴɾŽʲôҵӦԭϡ
ʲôһʱҲ벻ʲôɴͰÿһʳĶЩʲôʲô
СʱڳĲһ涼ڵζɢ
ʱϴɾֻص£ſյķ룬æˣҪ󷹡
صϷٶĲƷȻûȤˡ
ӱùһֱУȴһԶҲûС
һ͵˷ŽûθµĸоֱϺʱڵվһŻ
ÿһһθǿյģʲôҲŻ
Żܡ
ˮ͵عڣϽ
ѣŴ̧ͷӣҲڶɫҰף˫ۺڳǰ鷢ʪ˺ЩǱڶǡ
û˼˵
Ҳô˵
ҲöԲԣ
ʾǸ
ǲ磬˰ɡ
ô˰ɡ
ĲվιͰһڱ
Կ̨ɨúܸɾ
ʱ̨ԵеһȦģģԿԼӰӣͱ߲߱ȣСرıһֻСèҹɫ̨ˣ
ûãӰӵϷͱˣıĶҲ
ֳŸߴһΧǽϣ̧ҹǧͷɸ¥м䣬ǡÿԽCеҹ
ҹͦϧûҪ͡
˫ڰĵػε濴СһСӵ˺һ
룬档
жˣж֪ոʻȥŮ֪ʲô֪ҪȥҪʲôͬģԷҲ֪ڰͷôߵĵطһ
ȫƽе磬ҶڹŸԵţǣ
ܺá
ǣ޹ңˡ
Ҳһˣ߿ాô꣬ͦͦۡ
ҲûϡʡļĴƸ¡
ʱҫҲںʲộ͸ϲĽϸ뱲һӡ
ɡ
üˡ

ѹѾ飬ͷ˰룬΢𵴣Ǳ½ϣһĶĶ۵
ʿ˵ãûʲô⣬ֻǷ˼룬Ҫǻһˣܲѹ֪
֪˵ʲôֻЦЦ
׾ûѪɫЦֹסۡ翴ĻʿҲ̲סǧúϢú壬ܶŹˡ
˯ɳϣֱҽѣžѹˣۿһҪȥҽæ̧¡
Ȼûʲô⣬ںչǧֽŷЩҲ̫ۣڶ˵ϢҪġ
ͷõĺõģҽ֪ˣһСģһСģ
ţоǣ߽ĶסԺһʱ䣬˿ڻָȵȷָãٳԺؼ
úúãסԺסԺ۲졣
ҽͷܿת뿪
ֻʣĸˣڿʱ৵ص£Ĳǰֲֻ޴Ĩ᣺СҺû£ͷѪڵϵӣˣء
ѵȥץĲţЦŰοû¶裬õңֲǲ֪ҴС󰤴ϰˣúܣô׾군ѹˣڲû𡣡
һСϵ˿ڣӿ֣ͣ߬СԲԲ㣬ǣû취ô˵Ҳְ֣ҵɷû취
ޣûµģû¡
ᣬһһϹ۵ֵش
һʹйȥŤͷ¿Ծ涵𣺡Ҷ֪ģˣô궼ˣϰˣġ
Ĩ˫һ٣㿴С˵㶼֪ˣ
ͷ͵ץס֣μҪģĲǹģְֻС벻˵ǻεģְֲΣҪˣǼô죬ʲôᣬܹǮʲôҲûʲôæҲﲻϡοᱻЩ˱˵л
һ˵ͱõģѵ˸ţһʱ˵ʲôζֻĬĬȶųŷĺѿڣ裬ε֮˭ҽԺ
ǣ졭
˭ľ
ǣھӣǼҵĶֿҴͷϵ˿ȥţ̱ͣˡ
ֹˣ
ǡ̫ˣ
ƣر˱ۣһʱ䶼֪˵Щʲô
ô֮أ
ңû˰취ֻܸǼûмұЦֵʱСĿŵġ
ʱĶ̳סͷקһӿţ״һȭͷڵء
ٴҲһϸոհ˴ĸϣɾͱԷһƷ¼¥һſڵϰѵĴ
ֻȣûӻȥţæסȴ󺰱ﻹĶӣȥȾ
ʱ⣬һͷһѪҲӼ״־ŭ120Ժ̱˾ӦʱҽԱѾСϾȻͷҪչȴƻԵԹ󾯲첻Ҫ


 29 

û취, һĿȻ, 񾯲죬˲ϵҲûκΰ취ǿв֡
ǣĵ, ֿտյ뿪ΪļӺȴ˽, ˶Ϊɹ, ޶˫˫ҽԺ, ȴɳ졣
ϣʱǺܲƽܵ۸ȴΪֲпʵûκη, ֻ˳ܡ
֪ԼԲӣηӿҪû
ź˵ûмұɷ޹ʱ, ھӽĿӱҽԱС̧¥ĻԲѵתƵ, ŨŨ벻š
λεľָ, Ϊʲôϻ˺ĸףô䵱һĸף
̵ԭǧٿ׵һĸóһ
û취û취

ȻᣬТ˳, ʲô, Բ
Ϊĵ׵θº͵Ŀձ, ͷסǺѪ˿۾˵Լȥ򷹣첽뿪ˡ
סҽԺڼչܣֻͷܣȥչ˰ǲ
ֻˤˣȥֻά޵Ϊ̫ϺüҪ滻ҲˣֱŪȫ͵С
ֻһ͹Ļⶣڻȥ֮ҪģֻΪ벹µҵ
ⳡĬԵչվҹˡ
Ȼû취ҽԺչҩʰҧŴһ䡰úϢһ㡱뿪˲
ĺݣֻòȥչżǸȻÿ϶ֻһ
һԭͿյĲԵøӳš
ǽͷһֽ˫ӲԱߵĹù
ǼϰᣬƽɾԾһһǲһߣһˮʻ
ǰһʱ򹤻ȥʱϰʱÿһģǱa4ֽҪСһȦøɾ򵥵ĻóǶġ
Ҳĺϲ
ǻǻϵǸˡ
ֻʱűĻЩδδϢһЩʦͬѧѷģһһظЩϢȻлصĻ
ˮʻֻͷɫɫøһЩƯֻϧ˵ƺ棬Ū߰㡣
ֻ̾ŷԭͷû޺ã֪Ϊάû滻ͷά޷̫
⣬ûа취ˡ
ҧŴ۵ŨŨź
û취Ҳֻٹ죬ٺһЩԺ˻صѧУָɡ
Ľ·Żصδ簤ֱʱеֳ档
֮У㡣
ЦЦȴת·ʱԼʲô֮Цݽ˻ȥˡ
ԭ˵˻绰ʱУ˵ŸһԷģôɣʧԼûü绰
Ӧòɣ
üͷԴһ¼֮ѧУʱеĳ
Ӧòǿ϶ЩСƢŵƲߴԴ۽лӡ
ţȻԼˡ
Ҫ绰ǸҲãֻؾᡣ
ǸһһǿʱѾˣ첻ĩһʱж˯ˣǻᳳ
ԥվսʤ˸ԣ㬷ֻϱӻ¡
ҩİ߳ɷֿʼãûñ˯ˣֻ˯úܲȣζ࣬ܿƷʱ׺ݵģųʣ̻Ҹһһͷʱƣ﷢뻹ܸܵͷҵʹڷӿӡ
У˯ţ
ͷ亹ۣжͷ˿һһʹС
ʹѹڷ
һƺֹʹҩŽȥҳŴһˮȥ
ҩЧҪãЧܲԣۻۡ
Ӱڴͷϸϸ
ѾˣϵʱԽʮ㣬ҲżȻлʿĽŲҴҹȥ졣
ԵΧԽž
ԽžԽ˶룬ǺŲԡ
ŻƴʹС

ֻҲõġ
ţһ߼ѵ쳤ֱ۴һɿ˺װֽ۵ζһ˲ռζ˳źʳ
֪Ϊҩ˯ԵʣΪʲôģһʱиЩɿ波˿ζ
ֻһ˸еܲһίԾʱиǱ̲裬СİĿһ磬ջؼҾͱˤڵһأֻżŨŨζһûг
ź
ʧԼ˺ʱеԼһźܡ
仯ľһ˲飬ԭҪɿѹȥ˼һηӿǱ֮ǰǿңû취ܡ
̫ˡ
˿̫ˡ
ģ̫̫Լ˵˵
һΣһκòã
ֻֻԼ
һΣȻѧУˣٰͣըŹǣŬԸһĳɼԼԼڿҲͬ
ܸ˵İɡ
һΣ˯ˣҾ͸˵һû˯Ҿ͸һ
ţĴָڲ˼Ȧڰȥ
õԼҲ֪ڽʲôٵصȴ
֪˶ãΪ绰ҪΪ˽ԶҶʱ绰ͨˡ
ֱﵽƵʣȻ¡
С壿
ʱеᣬƣտСͺʱᱻһɢ
С塭ֽһʾ䡣
ˡ
ûʱУવģС̫СԽĳҲ
඼һ£ɬ
ңʱС
ԾҲŵúᣬСҡ
ҳ𣿡ʣǲѾ˯ˡ
ûС
ʱеͲһЩʧ棬ܶණڵ绰һͷͷһξйƶôʧܣûа취ܵʱڵʲôӵ飬ܾԼ©ʲô̫Ҫö
ʱС
ţء
ǲ鲻ѽ

Уһ㡣
ӵĳĬʱ˵ڴһЦ⣬ˣĵ״һתֿʼôˣΪʲô鲻ãҲˣûע⵽Цȫǿ
ҪֻҰֲãеѹ
ŶԭΪ
ûϵġĿİͰ͵ذοѧҵȽҪȸ߿ˣ˴ѧͿԼˣʱż
ţҲż
ܾԼԷ˵ʱϸСķʱоһܳ˼·
ȣС壬Ϊʲô죬Ҳ㣬ǲǶ㵽͵͵ѧϰ
ңҲǣǣһ顭̫óѣ벻ɣӲؿʼתƻ⡣
ԲʱСָűǣǸ⣺ʧԼûи绰ĲǹģʵҲһš
һԷһ𿴵Ӱһĩ
ûƭң
ģ
̫ŽͣûЦģĺ㣡


ˣ˵ģ˵ģ˵ˡ
ҧ´ԱһɣĿ˫ϣƹˤԵס
ǣҲǡ
ʱУҾر㣡
á

˵á
۾ΪԼˡ
ǽ绰һ棬ǸڣŲļ٣
С塣Ҳġ
ھ㣡


 30 

һĽΪһ˻
ʱʹգһ۾, ɸ¥ĳƹ, Ȼֻĸоֻǣγѡ
תŴ̨, ʱнֻ߬һ紵, žԼڿԸܵҹ¶ȡ
, ȴʵ
ԼԸ, ҲԸʬһֻܱȳԼ硣
һʱãĲ֪ôֻöԭͷڱԼ
ʱ⼸ﱻͣ
һһ룬һһ롭
ֱȻһĳվ, ¥ȥ
ŲԽԽ٣ɱܣ׷ϵʲô, ·ֻҪһ, Ҫľͻɢ, ֻܿһ㣬ٿһ㡣
Сʱ˵˵Ҳ, ǣҵ, ֮ҽԺĲĲǰ, طˡ
յĵַʱȻסֱڿһ㲵ڲϣ۾ٿ𣬷ԼɵĿɨͷϵ˿ʱİ£Ưͫ׽ûЧʣĴƮǲҿ
ʱһݣ첽߹ȥͷһֳڴͷһر°ͣ˳ŵƹϸˡ
С壬ô£
֪ô˵ܰŪȥȿʱϹԼԼΪʲôҪһʱ嶯ٹ죬˿ָԼҲڿôǱô
ʱУ㻹ҪϿεģôôʱ
ˣ첻ȥϿΡʱɿһСǰ£ôһֱûЦ۾ҲûУ֪ʲô
е㲻ϰӵĳĬ˵ϰڸʱдһʱôĬӦӵġ
óҪĬһðյ飬һСľͻȵһԼ
ǸʱУ첻ǹûи绰ֻǣֻΪҡ
Ϊˣûа취ҳ𣿡ʱдĿİͰ͵ĽͣС
ǡ
ʱпǰװ׾ϸк԰ɫڲϣȧǶˣͷϰźİɫɴ·ڸҲ֪ûУжˡ
ռ壬Ǳһ˫֪˵ֺסˣۣ֫ٺۣ޴أ֮ȥ
ǣͷֹҲֹסӳ¶һЦʱﵽ壬ѹ˼ģ̵뿪µӣҪӸ¥һԾµ飬ʱΪǰЦϵ滻
ҽеģѾʧȥĶԱԵ޷ᡣ
ĥԼˣֻˣݺݵᣬܰСܵ˷ֻ
˭㣿ʱŬһЦƽչ߳ģɵ˭˵ʱ㱨𡣡
ǡǸ
֧֧˵۾ƮԱߵĹ
ʱпˣһƻһר־ãȻСгһһǩһһ
͸ѹƻĿ϶Ȼ漣ɢˣƫԴƽʱϤǸк»ͷĪһ
С壬ƻ𣡡
ŵ۾̾һ۰ͰͿȥЦˡ
ôǲǺܺóԣ
šͷ𣺡𣬡
Ƥܰף߲ǼȴһҪСٱʱеҪСխıŲŷڴϵ˾ССһԭݵձøӼĵһ˫¹۸һȦ
Žëɸɾģʱоñ˵̸ֻϹ̨һܹܾ
䶳˼죬ľ˼Ϊ»
ʱУҡ
С塣֣棬ŻȻʵݣִۣ֣вġ
㿴ƢͦðɣʵرҲر𻤶̣ͬ˴ˣҰӦõģȻ
ҿҲҪø鷳˵ʵһͦϲܡ
֪Ƣһã˵ҪԼԭ˼ǲԼ˱ˣҸ˵뷨ԣ׳Կί
Ʊ߶˵߰һѣҪ˵Ļڶû˵ڡ
˵Сܺãرãرõ˶ֵӵõģί˭۸㣬Ҿͼӱ۸ȥ
ȻԼ̯Ӷʰãɻ뱣㣬ҪЩˡ
߶߶ûͷûβ˵ͣǹǳǳЦȥӴ˵ԻָָһԵʱУҰݹ𣿡
ʱеְൽʱҪѧϰȸ˭ˣҵȥ㱨ô
ֻҡͷ˵
ܿ죬ǷĻֱֶһŵݹȥʱУǽն԰ɣţ͸տ֡
֮ǰ༶ﴫϵʱ⿴ʱе֤ţڡ
ҲҪʱеԭ֮һɡ
ҪյͳȥƫƫסԺհͷǻģû͵ͣͣһˡ
ʱôȥʰߣһտִ˼ѵóֿԳ֮Ϊ㶵ɫ

šȥЩ˼֮ǰϵʱ򣬿ġ
ôһ˵ʱоˡ
ͷĻͼܼ򵥣һкվڴǰǰľܽԽˮ׾ٱ뵽ֵ죬ʱĳΨһͬǽľܽǶ䶼ûУͼϵȴѾ۰ɫܽػ
רҵó˺ģ
ʱжſ˺һŻָڶЩףʶҧס´һգգ᲻ŲĿ⣬ڶŻ
ֱŽ˼
ʱнŻ̧ͷβ֪ΪѾ𵭵ĺɫǻЦܸһִ·һҪ޳
ǸΪϲյشͷֱǺܻửѾǼÿһҪ㲻ϲһͷ׼ġ
ûСʱʹҡͷŻ֣Ŭֵϲ˭˵Ҳϲһô˧ôܲϲ
ķӦ˿ǳЦţһ˧㱾ͺ˧ѽ
ˡʱгȳһƣο˧Ŀĺ˧
ѽ˧ϸϸӦһСϿ˿ǿ
ʱУķϣԲ𣿡
ʱ̧ͷɵӻûв㣬ҲûвܣֻһһԼģ˵ԭұֻ֤һ⣬Ҳٷ㲻Ҫҵôģ𣿡
ﲻǳ룬Ҳǻ¸û£Ϊһ͸㣬ֻҪףտ֡
ܹĵһա
տ֡
ãʱе͵һ
ͷСѻŵһߣ̧ͷǺѪ˿۾üͣãҲʣҵҵʱ˵
Цظҵ˺ˣҾԻȥǡ
ûзҸӡʱдϣˣҸϻ£һ̡
δڵĻҭں
ᰲοˣȴᱻԷǣߣøһѹ
С壬ҿԸҪһԸ𣿡
æͷã˵
ʱЦˣ¶˿֣ſ˫ۣ˱
һһСкӵϵ˿Ϸ죬ʱнͷļͷܸԼȻͬ¶ȣھÿõǻ
һ˻ζֻŵˡ
ʱںܴҪһСѵİο
ګګ죬޴룬ͷôԼ챿Ĳᰲοˡ
ú̽Żرסһʱֵ̧Դߴ꣬˿ȴò˼顣
ӦǸӵ
С壬ϲܽػ𣿡
ǴҪӣĻʱʱе⣬ԺѸٸֳϦŻСľܽؽˮĴк
ϲԼģ
ʱͷ˲ĵطĴָĨСᡣ
Ҳǣϲϲ
ˣģ˴˰õһ
ûиԼǱԼɵģʱҲûи֤ĳǴģѾˡ
ͻȻȴͻأĸԸĽеͶ


 31 

ʱѾüûа취˯, Ϊæµ, ֻǵʧߣȴû취˯
ֱ, ҽԺխӵĲϣζϤӵ, ɽϮ, 껥пżһŴϳ˯
, һѹ͸żܿԲСȸҶɿݵҷȥʱʱǳǳŲ˵, ҽԱѾʼϰˡ
ߵ˻ڳ˯
Ŷͷס˯ˣ۾Ե࣬ж΢΢üͷ, ʾں, , ûаȫС
޵޿ϲͬʱۣѹ
С̫Ӧ, ӦҪһֱ, ԶûûεЦ֣ò꾫, ʲôҲĵġ
뿪ˣһѹܾðɡ
ҧŴ꣬ʼԼϲµطҪ˹Ϊˡ
űºŽŵʱһ٣ȵ΢΢۾˵æʳָڴ߶˸Ķ߽ʱѹ͡
裬ʱУ˵סԺһң̫˯
ȻæЦŵͷʾ⡣
ӵԸ֪ģͬѧĺܿġ
ָָºУʾͶ棬ôӣѶϺ뿪ˡ
ֹ˴СʱʱвԵɵ˶۾Ž׵컨˺þãѹ
һҹΣõϢԼ˶»ˡ
ԴһʱͷĿ»ЩԵϣʱУǲ춼ûϢã
ǰʱгԶܿ죬¾ͺȹһ࣬˸ıã³ܣüûˡ
ЩģҪϴ˯ɣһֱ˯ôУѹҲҪǵעģ˵ˡ
ʱзЦſͬܵҰ
ͷֻæͣңǣǴҶܹĵġ
Ǵ˭
ңа༶ͬѧİְ衭
Сͬǿн͵̫ɰʱбסˣЦͷѹϲͣǰС壬װͬĺѹѹٱοο
֪ڶԼˣüͷһɣ̧Ȧסı
ãʱУѹˣУ뿪˲ġ
峿һ⻹ɣԾͻС
ƵĵЦͣˡ
ãͬĶֻ̧סԷ
ʱƫͷС壬˵Ժҽô
Ǹҽβˣǲǰһȥʱ֪ʵãڵһʱأһʱȥҽԺƣǲ̾Ͳô뿪ˣ
ǲУûʱģûʱһֱŶסµ̡
ЩѾעˡ
޿κһ̾Ϣ˵ҽ۵ģѧϰۣۣۣҪУܾúܾãʸҽôҲֲʱ紴ҵδе㰡һ˵Ĺ¡
ᡣҲ˼ԾȻ˳Ļͷ½ӣʱѧϰѲʲô϶³ɡ
ʱ˵㻹ҵС˿ΰ
ֻǶġ
Ŷ䣺˵ʵһֱʺһǣǣâɣ׷Ĵǡ
ʱüǣôʱȽʺϿԷ
ǰСҡҡͷǣ˶Կҫ̨Ϸⷢȣҵϲš
ϵ̫һʹƽˣʹ㣬ҲԸܵů
Ӧˡ
ʱû˯һһٶλɲĵʱĴ֮
ֻ˰٣绹ȥϿΣ¿㡣
ˡæѧȥϢҵģر㣬չҡ
ʱ֮ѻڻߵſڳ֣ˣʲôԵҪڷѧǰҾУʱ
¥ߵҽԺſڣĿһжʻϡƽֲ˼顣
棬Ͳһ㣬Ϳ̫ˡ
ͣ
Լݶ֣ʱ̲סЦ
һ⳵ʮӺ󣬳ͣһ߸ߵ̨ǰ档
ĻѾ÷ůʱ̧ͷһԴ̨һһ
칫л˼˼Ųű£һԴŷ켷Цгצӡ
ðлҽþòҺֻˣ

ÿһ죬ʱж¿֮˵ҵҽԺ˳µĹΣнϰ⣬ż͵ȥʺһл˼˼ͷԼơ
Ҳ֪ԭڼҳһ֮ԵòڵкӾӳоǲλ꼶ɼһѧԣʱÿΪϲּÿο˹ͻԾ뿪ѧϰ
ʽﲻ̫ʣ̱临ˣֱ㷨ֵСֱࡣ
ͷʱ˵ķһ£Ȼ࣬͵óȷ𰸡
ȷʵ򵥺öడ̫ˣֻйоص
ôͱˣйоףҲ׳׹ʽǶԵģȻʱЩҲûʲôġ
ǿʱҪľǰʱ䣬Чʡ
ѵһһࡣ
Сô棿ŶȰѧϰš
ʱתԽѣܲ׾ɣһ֣ʱҲϰᣬÿ찾ҹϿ¿Уô׵ģ˵ǰɣ
쿴
ܲ׾ţڰҹ̿С
λͬѧɢѧϰ̬Ѿ˾֪ҹϿսεҲͱбѱ쳤̾ϲԲƽöˡ
ҪһͷһȣԷֹСһĸķѡ
ʱ⣬Цʣ𼱰߿أʱڣ㻹Լɼϲȥ
ˣʱ
΢֣Զѣֵܣԣˡ
һСˢغ͸ɵڴϲ֪һһ£ɽʼٸͷң˳Ķ̷Ū㡣
Ҳ֪Ǵ̫УܾԴ֮ʱиľһӱ˺öֻ࣬Ҫһ֣ʱضܹĻ
ôĺÿġ
ڶĩʱҽԺһֱϾŵ㣬뿪ҲԸ̫ȥ㣬Լ˰˸ߵġ
аɣҪϳòۣϷڰվĥ䵽ſʲôתʱ㣬һͣʲô
ԣʲôҾͳʲô
ʱͷ뿪Ц棺СôɲãýЩ𡣡
ԸϵСɰֺ˶䣬һЦɵ˼˦˸ǣ˦ϼͷŽŲ뿪ˡ
Ǵ򳵸߷ڣŶӶмʮʱоҽԺ湫վתƣһŶһߵȹ˭˭
Ӻ󣬴Ŷӻʮţվ̨
ʱеͷȡŶϹڵǰ߼ȽŲõĴүʱвסĴ
ûһۻιȥͿһʱҫڲԶһҲŷĶ滹һİĺڷȹŮˣ˿̸
񣬲һ֪ˡ
ʱҫæǸչĿʱѹһŮ˳͡
ǣ̾һʱбջĿת˹


 32 

ڶ, ʱͻλƽ˲, ֱⷢӦڲ໴Ĳ˲ˣҲʰøɸɾֻʣһʿ, ߷һĲŷ
СͬѧҲ˵ģʿ, һתͿԭصʱ, ͷ, ָ̧棺ոհ˳ԺˣҲͼӣڳȥӦû׷ϡ
õģлл
ʱת, ͳֻ˴绰ͿעšС塱ʾ
ҧﰴ½
˵С壬̫˼˰, ԺôҲ˵һ, һ, ûŵùǺ
Ѿ𣿶Բ𰡣ҲǸոʱģԲûü㡣
Щ, ˻ûȫָ, ȥżֲʵί
ʱţһӾˣεЦû, ǷЦأĶ緹𣿡
ڸҽԺſ׼򳵻ؼңȥ֮ٳ緹
ȻȥˣͰſڵһ£
õӦʱйҵ绰ҴҽԺȥվſڳԶԶֱ̧ۻţʱУ
ͣǰʱпͿкһСȣжһԵݽͣͰ̳ȳ԰ɡ
ӹӣڻðŰ̡
ⲻȥˣԲһˣҸЩ绰ġ
һֱ˵Բ𰡣ʲô
ʱЦ˳־ԴһѣĴ÷˿軹Ա߿أЦջ֣ҿ˭˭
ʧЦԸر𣬿ʵ̫ϲ
ҲЦĻȣֻɫɲ԰ף촽ҲûѪɫ
ʱн´һȦüôôͳԺˣ嶼ûá
ûϵûʲôˣҽԺҲţһؼϢҲһġ
ⲻһɣҽԺôҽԱʱ۲ĻָסҲǡ
δ˵꣬ʱƳɫȻӦʲôɫһ߬Ӳתƻ⡣
Ҫǻȥɣøһдҵ˵ıϵҾӶˣҽԺдš
һ٣ĿоϲҲԥҪȥҼд𣿡
ǰʱһֲ¶һָõشԲ᲻عһ£飬ӭʱ簡
ǣæϡ
ʱԸȥдҵĺܿģһֿַĻô죿
ϾǸְֵ˭Ҳû취⣬û취ƿأû취ֹ
ĿƮ裬ͬò⣬һϣܹͬѧӴһִźͬĹǡ
ǵģҲû취֤ǻ᲻İʱͻȻѡ
ʱвɵȻĸΪѣȻ֪ʲôԭ򣬵ȷôˡ
ǣǼ⣬װʲôҲûܶµԼԼ˸̨ףŶˣǣҰֽ˵ؼš첻ܸһҵҰ͵ſھͺá
˿ȴĲź
ʵֲԸϲˡ
ĸ˶û飬ʱһ⳵ڸʻкں
һ·϶ͷ֪ʲôء
ôģ
̧ۿҡҡͷû
ǲǰɡʱͷһְ££ļЦ̫డС壬¶ҪȥǹⲻдҵҪвʱңƵԣʱ򣡡
û˼
ôôݣ϶ûģ
С̫ʱжԼһܰ˹ͷˣЩأӺʳԺ󳤲ڵġ
һֱƫˣŬ۾Լ⣺ûʳʲôԵġ
ǾǳԵ̫ˣ㿴ÿٶҲŹǾһ
ҳԵòˡ
˰ɣʳһֻ֪è򵥡
кഺСĿռﴫӺӾڣ̲סǳǳǣֻһ뵽£뵽ӻҪֻﲻ֪Ͷãϻȱ㽥Ц
ʱ˵㻰͵Сſھͣ£ĿͶӰʧڹսǴ˼ҪҪȥǬһٷתͽӵִĵ绰
ʵʵʱҫĵ绰λܵ
ϴμ滹᯷ϣɢĳĿʾĳƺʱϵЦҲȥˡ
ֻΪʲôͷ˼Դʺ򡱣ΪĶײǰûȥѧУ
ܶҲ˵
˳ǣĴָ
ι
СУģ
ȻѵƽͣǷǰףüͥʱЩ⡣
档򵥵ֵĻشеԲʱϰѵõĺǺֲһ䣺һͬѧԺˣؼҡ
͵ˣ
͵ˡ
һ˰ɣһԸ
ʱָֻԵ룬٣ɣںСĻȻˡ
а˵ڼҳԻ߶
ɣʡ򡣡
ʱҫһ£ʱΪѾ˵ҵ绰ʱֽſڣѵһԥ⣬λҲһ
ʱҫѿͻһѣʱҲûʣӦþ͹˵绰
صԶʱ˳⳵ſߣӭһͦĸŮ߽һȣˡ
Ҳе⣺ʱУɣҲԷ
ʱͣ½ŲͿ̣ЦŻӦǰԼԼô׼ʱɣ
ѳԷҾ͡
ʱаһˣҲǣ磬Ա֡
迴ѣʱаƿʱЦЦְϵˣٵȵȣһһȥɡ
ʱУ

ʱҫͦװ״¥ʱʱвŻȻӦԭ˵Ŀ˲ʲô飬ĸŮ
ûϢգʱҫִæˣĩҲдĹ񣬽һ֪ǰæӲһ緹ʱ䣬껹ҪŻȥ֡
ʱڵϣʱкױ³Щͷ
ϴС¶æŻǳԸʾлһֱæڣڳһʱ䣬ʵڱǸ
ʱ̫ˡʲô£ﻥæԭ֮顣ֻû뵽ԭʱϼҲc쿴һΪԼˡ
ţ磬Ҳȥ˶ûˡ
ҲǣֻͰġһʱסһӣֿҲͰˣѵûϴҲʵɡ

ʶȵ첻ҪСӲ죬ΨһֻǹԹһģ˳㰲ԼĶӡ
ʱлЩһʼʮֵľҲһһţȥˡ
ͱȽϲңͻĿԴôֲţҲûԼڣͷβڰ״̬һֱһٷǸ˵ټʱ򣬾û
лҪ˵ĺôһظжûˣҪŲ͸ء
ģûŰѽҲҪ̫֮23333

 33 

, ʱҫĸŮ뿪֮ûȥ˾, ǷԸ˾Ȱʱͻؼҡ
ʻţһһں, һʱ˭ҲûпڴƳţճĬ΢
ʱҲС߷, ÿһξͿܻᱻһʮ·ڰŲһ
ʱĵҡ³Դȥǰ泵˼, ʱҫַ̧ڴ߸ɿ, ע
£һûаٷְٰգʱ̫ˡ
ĴʱоЩЦأʲôٷְ٣úõϦ챻˵úŮƭһ
ʱҫһɹ, ʱüʶֹͣͣааɣҷƨ, ףռسɹ, 衣
һ˵ʲôöԷĵĻ, һʱҫøƽϣֻһ, 췼ô
ңʱпŴŵе, Ц£Ҳż˼Σ˵㲻, úþˡ
ʱҫԥȷ֤СУ㣬ִ
ʲôõִģʱжʱҫֵĹǵеϡֲɥżٽӣûҪΪҴһӹ
ĻȻʱҫûӣһ޻˵İ
ȻĬദĳ̬
һ·޻
ֱСſڻͣ£ʱҫסҪ³ʱУͬѧ԰ɣ
š
չһЩ
֪ˡ

һϣʱճò粻ÿϰ߽ҡ
һŲӣĿƳλԱߵʱԭɫ˲תΪһ˫Բͫʧ
嵽λϣȻæҿǰӦԴڼҺúĳ˲֪ʲô˰죬Ŵɤ￨֣Ҳ١
ԭſϢ̧ͷüЦŸк
ʱУ硣
ʲô磿ʱпͷϻûİɫּ᲻ôֻѹɤӵ۾סԺˣôڼϢҲԸ⣬ҪһԴѧòԼʿɣ
ûµġСѧУҲֻѧ߼ʱ䶼ڽڼϢû𡣡
ŶȻбϿξͷ˯ԽѧϰϾͶҲͶ
סԺôãѾºܶˡ
ʱУ¾£ѧϰҪҪڷַӸ㲹ڣһвУ¿ξȥϰ˵ٻȥúϢ
ĶôءӹִҡͷҪ߿ˣѧϰҲҪ
ʱҧźҪң
ȴ޿κεӣ֪ǹԼ࣬͵͵ȸԾס
ǰܺ˵һ仰룬ܵԼôģΪĸеǸֿƲסĸе㡣
ʱУ
һǸȴ͵͵ϲؽ֡
ڼҹҰߣҲܸоİ
Բ𡣡
Բܸ࣬͵ǸԵӰɡ
ţƵСͬģſССһ᲻ŭҪϸϸĵǸʱлô
ˡ
ǻ±ԷжʱһԴ㰲ֵַľʹλϢ׼ܣ緹ȥϲҲҪһȥ֪𣿡
գգۣϲҲҪ
ȻءʱûûҿţҪǷˮ;֧ιȥô죿Ҳġ
ʲôģϲҲҪţǬ֪ʲôʱǺţֺǺǰʱ죺ϸ״ѧϲô㣬׼ʱ˷ţ
򡭡š
⻭л治һǿ
ֻһرụ̀۾֪￴źãʲôͷšûǸ˼ʱֻǹͬѧѡ
СͬƤʱоһͷ߹ȥϹ˵ʲôûӣϰأԼλãɧʲôɧŲžٱ㡣
ǬŻ㿪ƤЦм䣺𣬴˲С˹ҾͿЦٺ١
ʵһԼùǬŽϣҷˣԴô£˻ˣôļ٣زذ
Сһ£Ѿˡ
Ⱥ˼ôôã˰ЦƺȻǵá
Ŷؾͺã𶼿߿˰ԿǸ˻ߣ
ʱʹԴ㻰࣬˵û¾͹ﵲţˡ
££
ǬɿӰͳһССŷʱг룬Դק˵˾ʲôЦһֺá
⣿У֪ˣԹˡ
ǬһվллӣͷСϺ
˭ӣ
һеôûûƤ
ʱǽһ泩۴һӣˣɡ
ϣ
Ǭһת͸ٵ˸棬һɣɿ㿪ڻԼλ£һӢ鷭סðƵ̽ͷ̽ȥ

һ˵ķӦҪӦ˭
ʱϸһ߸һһ˻Уעʱ̧ͷһۣĿϣЩ޵Ρ


Һϰ¿ʱջĿ⣬֪ͷϲűʱһôԴˣ
ǲСĿһ£ûµģѾˡ
ԴС¡üͷɫĿⵣǣھϿû⣬ҪٻȥϢ죿
û˵Աһģôֹô˵ɣҲͷ¿ȰССһͦˡ
ʱһͬ˾˵ģ䵥Сҵ֯۽üҶ
ķֲԹٻؼңֻܺƢЦЦӦ
ٵʱʱ״򲻶ÿɿջۣŪڶԲһ룬һҲԲꡣ
ǣ˵۵ĸҲΪ
ʼٸ߻ڲͣ
ţǽģ¿ζӺɿҶûԹζһ
Ŀ϶̲סʱ⿴ˣȻ¥ײĸףֳ϶Ǿ䣬һ¶һˮǵݹȥͬѧзݣҲǣλ˻һúÿŵģķġ
û뵽ԼҲз֣ӹǹʱеһܳСл֮Ȼؾת׼ѧϰˡ
ʱµݹһŽӲӵɿȥӣʱһתѷĵֺջأԹ԰ˣǲˣִֻػȽϺá
üֱЦãʱУֻһˣǲзˡ
˲أһͬʣõһúչˡ
ְѰõιʱпɿûŵɫĴУ·ԼҲζ
ȻͲˡ
ȵָ䣬ֱᰴڴߣһĴ˶һ㶣ٿһ˫¹ۣɾγǹ˸Ӱȫһ˵ģ
ÿ
ʱ룬ͷһ֣ôߵĸһ´ԾŵͣŻ˻С壬촽
ʱ˵ֻǸåɡ
øɾ䣬ڴϵָ·ʲôħ˺ôƫԴָ˿ա
ûаɣÿ˲һô
ôᣬȻһ
ʱջ֣Ĵƺָͣ⣬ĸоǱһֻһ¡
Сһ¡
֪ܸˣ˺ȱٺ񾭣Ըղһ˿ûоɬǶôе㣬ˣϲǶֵ档
ģ϶һ
лҪ˵ոճˣĺ

 34 

ʱ˵㻰, İһ, 󵽰æˮ򷹣Сҵһ֧ʵ϶һ, ϲȫͬ
·ľ룬һ·ϰȴŮĿⶼ, ϰ߱ô, ·Щͬͬ, ƫƫʼٸ߻֪ͣͷβûﲻ費Ҫȥ
, ⱲӶûϹô尾Ĳ
Ͼʹŵĸоһֲ˵Ҳһĥ
ʱУûϵ㿴һһ¶û, Ƚˡ
Ƚ, , ûаɡ
ʱ˵ţס֣Ϊںôһ, һԿӵݹȥʱеԥ, ҪҪι㰡

һΣʱС
Ǽ⣬ѿӵݸ
еζһ־Լͦԩ, ԼҲȫң˵һһϰôһչôãѾϰˣչͻܲȫһкãɣ
⣺չҲܱϰߣ
ʱֱҲ׳٣ԿɳϰߣչôͲˣ
еԽԽòԾô¡
ˣľͺá
Ͼʱеİݵ߿νɲ⣬ʱô̽ҲԵҪһұһģҲΪ
СĬġϰߡͷԹԿʼԷ
ʱ˶߹ˣʱڴ󲿶֮ǰܵʳô緹ؽһԣϸʣԷ¿֮󣬸СųԵһ롣
ȳǸϲûϸ
ǰûע⣬ڿСĶĶ˳ۣǳԷʱ΢΢̰ϸգֻ͵Ĳ͸γ˫һǳĿϡ
ˣôϲһˣȻʵڵģҾǰ
ʱûʵ˵ϰ߻ģԼˣһֱչģõģԶģ᲻Ϊѡ
ʲôϰ߲ϰߵģϹҪǻһǻһǧ죬Ҳղһǰϰ߳
ףΪչ˵Ķ㡣
Щʱûô
С嵨СƤһѧϰϣɲܳ嶯çײӰٶȣοԼ鶼ûãʱţ۵Ļ
ԣշ˵ģܲ
٣λ̨ȥ
극ʱܵظհֽݹȥںŽŤͷһͶſüŪۣﱧŸǰмҲѾϵˣϽϽ
ȥʱҲϾܾү߲Լ򡣡
ʲôôҪ򶼲ȥˣ㲻ᱳ͵͵ѧϰɣ
˵̧˼ſһֱʱе߶Ŀмس򣺡Ӵǣǣѧϰ
ѧϰƨûҹذͬ𣿡
ŶŵϳɤӣոǬ˵ӣһû׼˼ôģ˽˽ˡ
ʱĥźҵ͸ӹȥˣȥ򣬱ʱװġ
okokඥһҶáı˳ȥˣ֮ǰæʱӵıӼͽϡ
ӡ
һʱԴ˵Ĳ֪ʲôȥӦֻ뿪æſϣջǵһؽ䣬ʱô۽лǲ̧ͷ
ȥС̧ͷ̧ͷ˿ڸѹˣ
ûѹţҾˣ˯
㻻Ʋһࣿҿ﷢飡
û£ң˯һ
ٴһҵ˯һðˡ
Ҳ䡣

һϿǰӣһҰڿ½½ؽҡ
ǬżܽңͷʪܵҲ֪ǺˮεҵϲžòУͷһͲ
ҵ·Уһ£ǬæԴһˣԲ۴ˣû°û°ɣ治ǹģո۾סû壬ûʹɰ
ҲûöۣŻŵӸˣʲô£Ϊʿͷܰ˴У
ǬûҲӦԼˣʪܵԴεЦҴһԴˡ
ߣʲôƽʱҲûѣҵ֪ļ𰸡
ϴεĳš
ᣬһ׾ŵĴкҲҪƤ⣬ʦߵý˯ͷܳͲˡ
Ŷô˵ܹ㣬ÿ㣬˼ɣ
˼·˵ҲС
ʱгֻαϣԶܿǬűͲǺдŶһɵ㶵ǵЦ࿴۶۾

Եֻԣʱݺῼô꣬ôҲ벻гһԼȻпܸôӳΪûѪԵϵݡ
̫ϡˡ
һֱ˯˿УԺ̧ͷʱʱַڳϷ̷ֻùıȥ˱ˮ˯ɤӸɣȵˮ󡣡
΢ػ
ʱбԼССжһѣͷ˸ޡ
ûȫѣ˳Ļеؽӹˮڣֱ͸оʲôӼ䣬ͷһǼУס
˯ǻʱţ͸ɴ˸ϡ
ôʱдսǰϸ۲ɫûﲻͷβ
еĹģټǰ͵˺üˣʶҪģˣһʱ侹Ȼֲ嵽ʵΡ
ʱҪ̽ͷֱ·غ߬ģһʱ䣬յס˵Ҳס
ֱҵصλһҵϷ콫˼졣
æͿֱָڴ߷Ȼȣ˯Ϳˡû£ûв
ûУôô죬еԣ
Ҿ˯̫ƵģеɣȵˮûˡʱаŰɻҪ׷ʣֻ˸ͷתעôϿûнңʦأڿβô
Ŷ꼶ʦʱᣬڿθϰˣҾû㣬˯
ˮССںţ룬˵ʵҲûϵ˯磬һѡ
һҲ˯ʱ˵ϢҲűȽϰġ
߶߶һоȶָ͵͵һ
ǰ¿ʼһֱڶȥʱʱͷȥһӽţβʱɨɨȥս鱻СƤɨڵϡ
զˣʱмƤͬʱָαã밡
ǣһֱ죬еΡüͷֶ£죬ȥɢˡ
ͬ׵ͷ۲һóۣŶˣȣҪȥ¥¿սһһѰɡ
аɣϰΣھȥ˵վӾ׼ߡ

ʱи˽סźۼӳʲô¶ɿڼϣ߰ɣʱ˧ᡣ


 35 

սڵ¥, ԭǸѧʵ, ΪµĻѧʵ¥㣬Ҿʱһֱûʰζﵱ, 뻻Լ
ʱнǰѻ䣬ҸŪѼȫµġ
лл
˫ֱе޴ָ, һӲ, ֽŶ֪ô, Ҳ֪˵ʲô
̫ˡ
µĴʽ֪ʶä㡣
ڣ˵Լȥǲò֣Ҳܲô, ԼС
ʱеֳαԴô޴룬ó, ͺ֪ôһ, ׼㡣
Ա, ԵСˡ
ŵ˼ЦЦԲ𰡣ҾǾ̫, ҳ컹ǵһμ, ͻȻ͡ɶˣҶ֪ô˵
ô˵ô˵¡ʱʼ磺ֲͷһ˧˵ڲǲ̫֪˵
ıĴ˧ȳɹЦ, ڵҲ֮ʧ٣аɴ˧ȣټ֡
ⲻͺˣʱһ֣С̸ûʲôʧûɴһǺͬѧô磬йô
صͷţҪѧУЩŮҪĽң
жСͷʯʱвԼҪͳСŷݹȥһ㶣ǰ
˵ɡʱзۣߺߣҶҸģҵܷǸǧһҪһûʲôע⵽ĵط㣬˵̫жƲס޳

еô£
ˣɣˣʱаŷӶ˳ȥСƿˮԼȥûɣ
˸OKƣ뿪˲ŵͷ˺ŷ⣬Ȼ󻺻濨һšؿ
ͨһִֽ򿪾ledСһһġߵؿ
ڵֽͼƪĵطǳʫָһϳһͺܲˡ
濴˻˵֮ǰĻСŮյھǺ޲еЦ
ɵӡ
ҵᣬѧд顣

ʱʱвϸŽ¶ƱزѳѧϰһͼѧҪͣͷܵɵΪűΪֻѧؼҡ
ϸ΢ðͬѧ°ͶҪѾʡ
ʱƢã죬˺ϵǺϵôǸĬƺ«е˼ˡ󲻽ԱԸҲͬá
һڿ¿ʱճʰöСͬһء
ڰ༸ƤΪٵɨʱд˼·ڰʱüϰɨܳһЦʱ磬ˣֽؼأ
ֻЦһ˵ΪǬӿƲסĴö˾֪ˣʱʱҪóЦ䡣
ν˳ҪǿԣԼôˣСƤôһоҪ˴Ϻͷ쵽š
ɨǵȥôô࣬˵;ٱǰ
ٱɶ
ʱڵٱǿڳˢſڱտӰˣ
Ŷɫԭʶ˼ʶˡ
ʱ磬ˣߣ
ս¥ݶ㿪Ⱥ˵Ŀ⣬ʱеͷһˣСöȼˡ
ĲӣǿЦأû˼԰
֪ģû˵ֻǲϰ߸ҿЦԼ⣬ʵҲĽôѣңͲС
ʱͷһһ카ס˼ԼЩǰ㲻ĽˡҵѶѣ
ҶԼ͸ˣҵĵȻġ
ԼϹǽڷ֣뵽ܾõòʵ
лл㣬ʱСʹգգۣҪ͵͵ۿˮȥĺܺá
ʱ죬ЦõԴιСѣôҷ˿
ΪԼġ
֪֪ľǸǰɣʱЦŴұ˺̫ãպ˿ġ
ܻ𳵣Ҳˣʲô
С̫棬һ˫۾ɸɾľô̧ͷôȡʲôòһ˲ʱӿٶ˻棬ӦԼʲôԼĲݺһѡ
ʲôʱУ
٣Ҳõ˼Сѳ˵ɡ
֪ûʱаС˼صúܺãǧԺ뵽ٸ㣬Ƿţ°׼ˡ
ԹԴӦá
ʱкٺһЦõòУˣСؼң
·⼸߹̫飬ÿһҪΪʲôôͲԶһЩôҲöһ̰
СſڣҲҪ˻ؼˡ
˵ȤʱôΣÿζֻԹ͵СſڣȥʹԼҲò˼ˣҪȥҲֺֻǺҡͷ˵ԼҪŻؼдҵϷ
Ϊʲôȥ治룿
ǹƨ
᲻ΪѰˡ
ˣȥɣһȥʱаݸҪҵﲻշңƵҲУǧҿ֪
á
ʱϢҵʵҲûϵٲҲ٣԰ҹȻ˿ڻָ֪
á
ȥɴĻǵĸƬҿ˿ڻָôˣʧߵĻҲԸҴ绰۵֪
á

ʱ.ϸ.߶߶죬Լеˣǰкʮԭţһµ˼ûС
۵ôô԰Ҫ۸ģҪʲôҪʲôҪ˵÷˲ҲҪ˵ô֪
ͷá
ʱУ
ˣԺɡ
˿ȥɣ𡭡
ſ˻ȥվʲô
ƵƵӱʱüͷһ̧ͷȥԷǸˣ⣬ɫƣ͵һ׺ݣ˾úܲ
ԼʱһͷҲصشһ֪ˣźۼʱЩ̧ͷʱżּ١
Ұ֣ţѾ÷ڼҵңһûлȥҾȻȥˣ·עⰲȫ
ʱоеԾ˵ְˣҲ˵ʲôԶԶǵ˵ͷǴкת뿪ʱǷɤĵͺ𣺡ĥĥʲôܳ㣿
ߣߣûñʲôҲˡ
˵Ļͷ
ԽԽԡôöԳһԶ˵ʱҫٲͣʱҫҲ̬ȶġ
׺ݵĿҪԺ֮ȥʱнŲվǷĲ£תѸܡ
лҪ˵ȻҵĻظᱻһ죬Ǻ뿴λѽ

 36 

ʱлصСſʱ, ѾӰ
쳤, һ˵̫̫ٿˡ
ʱûȥң֪סһһԪһ, ھҪֱ첻
֪ǰȥʱ͸ôӦģ, һҲ, ֪ס, ڣ˸żʲôҲˡ
ֻʹ¶ʱн߬ɣ, ҪҪֱӸ绰
ģһأ
ϾСְ֣Ϊ˳˵ͺҸǩ, ϸɴʱ˧ȾΥ»ǻؼѡԥ
¥ǸƹƷˣϻôΪܰЩʱ, û뵽ôֿʼˣ
ʲô취, ˭ų£򶼲֪ģǾƹѺӴһͷѪϼұ, Ը, ˭
ҲǣǿС̯ôİ, 񶼿߿˰ɣڹ۶ֵסԺġ
ܲˣܲˣиҸɡ

һϱŴ·ʱжǶԻݣһ룬ͷǵӲõԤиǿҡ
˼̫࣬漴ת¡
̣ˣһ£Ǹո˵ǸұСʲôǲǽ
Ҫ³ʵ̫ѣֻӲＷ
У۹кʲô䱸ϱһۣڶԷĿпãȻҡͷʲô治Ǽ̫ףû˸ҸǼҴ򽻵
̫סݸʱһ³ˡ
ǲǶͷˣһֱŰɫɴܸɾÿƤذף
룬ͷȷʵˣС׾ɣǰʱ䱻ִýҽԺͷ϶һȦײ
ʱһ˫۾ٿصɴ󣺡ִģ̣סģͬͬѧȥ
ڣ̫̫΢΢üģ²̫ʣǾƷӷˣǱȥˡꡣ
ʱж켱ˣΣҲҪȥϴε˶ûãҪְ˴ѩϼ˪ô죿
Ů˻ͷţ˵Ҳеָָⶰ¥ֱǻСҪȥɼǵԼҲСһ㣬Ȼ
ûʱĵĶʱеõַȾ¥ϳ壬¥ֱߵŶûлܵſھѾ洫˱ŭŮ˵ƵĿ䡣
ֺȶˣ߽¥ֱһֱ¥ݺˤڵϡ
ٿӴˣĶ軹ĺöӰôԸסôҵģ
֮ǰѾֹһأһֱڽɤĨᣬڿ֣ʱˣæȥںǰ棺侲㣡С˻ûãڣ
ӵĶӣӰôô򣬾ǴҲǻãȫĻң˹ܵţҹһ߶ȥҪǲ˽صЩǮ³ͱú߳ӣ
ײЬ۵ðǰǼķװʲôװӵڵ´ȭʱͷ˶û֨һװʲôң
˵˦ȥһţȥסŵɫˣһ޺˺ѷΣȴֹǰĶħ
ͷۻ㲻׼£ͻȻһȣ˴ӱֱӽԱߣƲڹϣ۵亹ֱð
ǻϽˡ
ĿָʱУӼֱҪ̻ĹӣҹԼӣˣŲһᣡ
ʱеͷŻɫɷףһʱվվȵкû̧۶ݺݶǣϵһβܿƵظֳԳ֮Ϊ͵ɫʲôƨҲ䵱ӣ
ֻһǲ߳У԰ĸһڵ´ȭˣƸ
Ǻô꣬ûбһСôô˵ŲһȭͷȥǣĹö
־ȥֻ֣ǻû߳һӰ嵽ǰ·
ǿаʱкƳȥ˻Ƶĺһ䡰ߡ˦ţǸƾͷĶħ
ŭֻڼʱһҧתִĲ뿪ڱϷɿ¥
УߣʱУ裬棬Ļģ
ʲôãһ᣿ùҴù˵һù
ʱеһζ˵
꣬˵ʱҲ˵ˣͷŴСܣֱ뿪СԶŽ½Ų
ˮ󾱣ʱо;һĶšһţõģܵü
ԲС塣۾ǰ·һһǰߣһһߺǸҲǹģҲѹ
Ǹ̫Ҵ򲻹ֻܴ㣬㶼Ǹ˻ȻŪϼˣҲ̫ˡ
̲µģô˵ϾӣסҪʵڵģǾͱ
ǵԴתʱ˫һˣǿԱģС𼱣ھͱ
Сϵ˷ԼʱѸͳֻûһֻϸ׸ɾѹֻļ󣺡Ҫ
Ϊʲô
ҰҪǮֲģûãҲǼұŭҰ֡

ʱֻ¥ʱǶϱĶԻǻŭĽͨͨΪҪֲ֪˵ǻֻͨͨѹ£ָⶼǶġ
ã
ߣʱؼҡ
⳵ͣڴſڣʱŷ³
һ·Ѿǿ˱һͻۣĶã·⣬ֻʱ̫ˣô˵ҲϷԼߣ˴һ¥¥̶̵һؾҲҪñġ
˴䣬ڴϣڴ߶ţһһƸԼͷζӳ£ָĻǼ͸ˡ
ûµʱСҲܣǿżһЦļοúܼʱģûᵽϡ
ƭءʱҪ漰ʱ㱳ʹ
ֻһ㣬Ҳ¡
ˣ
ʱƲӸ£ǽ΢۽۵ס
ë˼ԥ̧סģٿڣﶼǻ𣺡ǲŵˣ
ǲӭֻΪҾ֪ҲŲҼңϧ׻ˡ
ʱнҧأͷۣۣۣﶼˬ
ţŵˡ˵
ʹ̫ѨŬװЦģ̧ͷŵʱˣοһ£ɲ
ʱһ澵ӣʱһܷԼЦñȿ޶ѿ
ʱоԼҪס˵ͷʱַڴϵСѶˡ
´øһģһǰƹ󱳰˱ס
ûˣ¡
ʱе͵һЦ۾ͷļر
С尡ԼһˣôҪôĻο
лҪ˵δǱһ~
ȻиСС~ҵԤѽõ޳ҪСɰǵԤգۣ

 37 

һײ, ܿһ, Թʱаǿȵſڴϰҩ
֪ҶɵԼ͵͵ϲôõ˰û취˵ԼƽĶԴ, ֻܽһȫͷС˷֡
ֻԼ֪, ¶Ƥͨͨһǳǳķۺ졣
кõ, ƽʱ·ڵʵ徢ݰ, ΪźͲϰ߶ţ򲻿֫ϸι͹ƯĻ, ڳ֮䣬ɬζڹˡ
ֻʱȫû˼ȥЩ£µھȥеע
ָǩ˴, ͼĴһս
ʹʹ
ѯ, , ûüشԹԽȥƨʲôϻ, , ϶ʹˡ
ԭҪĨҩ࿪ʱ²ȥֻ֣ͿϾ, ӵʱ䣬̾˼ʮСͷѽŵðЦˡ
ôأʣʵҾûãô۰
ۣʱָһ˻һָϽſϴ
֪ʹˣ
ðɣͦ۵ġżС˵
ҩƸˣ봩·һ̧šСΣʱиϽչСƵȥİá
겢ڴߣһʱ˭Ҳûڣ˭Ҳ֪˵ʲô
ʱдҰ߿ʼɫһֱ֪ܳΪԼԭΣֱۣҪ˵ֺãʱ磬һˡ
̫˰ײ
ʵҰƽʱǸ⣬ǺȶˣƷš
ϴδͷҽԺҲ⣿ʱбñֱңھӶˡ
СʵңǲǾȲľƣһͷƷ趯ˣ˵ûȾƶһ費ˣô춼ڸʲôƾʲôҪǮѵÿְ׬ǮΪ
ʱԽ˵Խ󼸺ƲסԼ˲ŷӦԼֶˣյĨ˰Բ𰡣û㣬Ҿ̫ˡ
֪
ͷɥĺǰС¥¼һֻëʱ˻ûʼѵŶ俪ʼϴ
ֹɵ
Ҫǣ˰
ûʲôġοҲڰοԼϾңСʱҲǹҳס͵ġ
ʲôƨԴ㣿ʮͲҪļ໤ˣ
һء
һôұǿԶģûһԸ
ǿԣҲܡ˵벻ģΪҲҪΪ롣
ʲô벻ʲô
ͷëסʱУ㲻
͵͵ģûãǵһ뷨ڣôοûҺ裬ǾסĵطҲûˡǸʱŮˣ˾ͻ˵Լ죬鿴裬Ҳ׬Ǯû취ġ
ʱоǲΪʲôԸܣЩ벻ɣ˵Щ
Ҳ˵ʲôˡ
ЩģģԺʲôϸһƣǻһƬ˵ͽķ
޲ߵĸо̫ܣ߿˵ÿ˵ǹͨģ޷пܾʵʵڱϡʱ͵ˣһΣʱеһеᵽ仰ԭġ
ʱв׼ؼˣ᲻ãҲǲġ
˯֮ǰ˸绰Էܿͨɤӻţѹúܵͣ»ᳳǸӡ
ҸһЩ࣬ͼٿ飬˼û˵ʲôͷ˯ȥˣģûдҡ
š
͵Ӧţ裬ҽסʱмңˡ
ͲãӦ£ãáҲãûѿַ衣
иڣ뿪̫ã˯׼ҵ绰
ȵȣ衣Ȼס
ôˣ
裬㡭ԸҰ𣿡
ԭأΣګګС֪ģʲôҲᣬʲôҲûУûа취һչ㣬Ļǻᱻڱ˵лģȨЩ

裬֪ˡºͣ·ֻѪһʣȥ˯ɣˣҲҪ˯ˡ
ãС
ҵ绰صſڣʱʰ˵ĿαͷˣȻ߹ȥ˴ͷûʰһ˯ûɣ
һ˯
ͣʱУ

۾Щ飬˵۲ֱͷ⣬ǲǣ̫ѽ
ʲôõģϴǵһʶң
˼
ͷһؾ˵ôѵ飬ƫƫʱлչϸ۾С壬ǲǺߣ
ˣˣˡ
ñ޹Ļ±ˣæһתϴӸǺá
Ǹˣ컹ҪϿΣ˯ɡ
˵Щֻʣһ˫۾¶档
ԭиżΪ7˯ռطͱǰÿСɳϡ
ʱжżԼϵӣһϵЩ߹ȥ£̧أһһƬڰ
۾֮ž֮УԷĺš
ͬԡζϴ˯¶ģ뵽Щ;㣬ʲôУʲôûУͷ֪ô졣
֪ʶä֮ˣûԼܹһŴϣ֪˵ʲôʲôӦеķӦ
С壬ˣ
ڶžʱľ
ⱻϢĵط̵üҪǸӦת㿪ģǿƲס̫Ҫߡ
ţһ㡣СӦ
Ҳһ㡣ʱ˵˯бʲôϰߣ㲻ɣ
ûӦǱ̨ʣʶӦ£䣬ͱһ˫ֲȥڻͷ°ͣ˲䱻Էζȫ
ѾܲԼˡ
С壬ҪҪһסʱС̽һˣôסûܻһѧϰôǲǺܰ
Ǻܰѽ
ĵС˵ţȻҡҡͷ
ʱУ֪ңǣҲһˡ
֮еľܾǲʧ
ʱ죬룬ǲϷȥдҵɣϴ˵ģΪйʮʽѬյ˵㻰
ʧЦ
ôôͷͷǵɡ
ţ㻰ģڡ
ʱˣ˯ɣҽ𴲡
˶Ĭزٿڣ°
ԭΪԼ϶û취龰˯ţ˭֪ű۾ûãϮܿ콫硣
ʱбŻıƽȵĺЦ𽥵ȥֻʣۣķꡣ
СӰĺòƽƾʲôôɾӵõһȴҪ
᲻ãȴֲ֪ôô˵
˵Ҳֻһϣܹ޲ߵʵ̫ˡ
࣬㣬
ʱ䣬ʱ˳ĳͣҵҲߣҪƤزһϲΪڣĲ˶һ
ΪһЩʱжûټǡ
𣬲֪ԭƽʱҲڵЩţƷؼҪǮҲҹֻͷ˯ҲЩʱǼҲల¡
ʱȥסڷдҵʱʱл⣺Ʒ裬ǾͶԶЩǰɳٻͦã
ĶȥѽҰֵĿҪǮҪǶڣпܻ𣿡
취ҲûֻǶһʱ㲻һڻϽͣûõġ
ʱа̫ˣЩûпǵģһѪ˵вʣȴ޴ӷ
ܲһֱôȥɣ߿һ꣬Ͱ̡ʲô£
ʱзƵҪʲôۣʲôҵҲдȥ
ô죬ô죬ҪôܰС壿
һѣܿġ
Թߣ˵ҪɶˣĻǼٵģܻ鷴οô궼ˣʱ䡣
˵ãһ˵ʱиġ
ô겻ҪȥǷʲôˣƾʲôô
˵ţȻ뵽ʲô˫һ͵ŤͷסֱۣС壬ǲǾΪǮŶҸǮʲôʱҪľңҸǣ
ԽԽԼܲÿ¸Ѽ㻨ǮûҲǷţóСຣ
ҵݵӾ֪ġ
ܱϲϣĺøˣֻǿĹ鿪ģܴһ˵ûа취ĺ⡣
ʱУ¸ûһϵûбҪˮΪ˰ôࡣ
ʱüͷһ壺ʲôʲôûйϵ
ǺֵܣѶ𣿿˭˵ģѾһҪΪԷô
ʱУǼҵĸ⣬ǮҰһξͿԽģǸ޵׶Լܱ֤ܲڳ֮󳹵׽£ôͽ
Ҳûϵһֱôȥûа취İýĸҺпĸòκλر
ǣµ˵
룬֮Ҫǻ˭ǰ˵Ǹﲻһƺ«һһԡ
ô˵һ쵱ıƱƻˡ
У˵㡣Ʊƻˣͷɥʣҵ𡣡
ˣСƢģɰòУԼûˡ
һֱȥģнһ졣ҲӲڴһͬϣҶκ𣿡
ί˷οԼʱϻû쵽زοҲ벻İ취ֻǿѹ²ݵɵصͷаɣҾһΣǧʱʧˡ
ˡ
ű죬ͷ
̽ͷ֣Сܰ¥ƿͺ𣿹Ŷ߲
á
Ӧ£¥һˣܿ
ʱĿ뿪䷴ֹţһӣüֻйƤſϣ鼫ɬ
ΪʲôǸ
ҪٴһЩǸĴˣǲǾܰﵽСˣ
ʵϾʲôҲûУԼĲû䣬ƴʸȥܱˡ

㣬쳤ʶ߹ӵС룬̫һͱ˳ˤϡ
ʱһҺۼֿϽסˣûĶɢһء
һҪѳŻԭĿȻƳʲôֻԥһ±ת˷򣬽ǰ
ĻֽСģһʮţŵ档
һֽ泯ϣһУĴкѧУãкվ̨ϵͷӣһȺڡ
ʱֻһۣϳϵԼ
ʱѧУݽӣ
ǣСΪʲôҪĻ
ʱЩͿֽҪϸѹĻ¶һսǴкָתЦݲá
ܲɵģк
ʱסˡԻҵһëߣԽԽңͬʱģĲ͵͵Ժľϲʼðͷ
Ȼ֪ãʵ̲ס
ȲҪӡ֤ԼĲ룬ʱѸٽһȫóһһſȥԺеĲ뽥ϲʼֱͣ˶ƻͷ
һģȫ
ڽҵģõģڲٳģȵġԼ벻ĳȴӵķʽ¼ղء
ΪʲôҪֻǵúÿҪ֣ǵֻ
˵ȥСӶš
Ի仰˵ǲǿСѾעôˣ
ٻ仰˵õ껪ϲϵˣҲϲģϲҪá
֪ʱһʱ޴룬ɵɵĻֽ֪ʲôӦΨһԸ֪ǼңԼдҵҰͣԼּ룬ԼСʱߣڵɵģ
ֽֽŻȥֽԭʱӶͷԷ籩쳤ХүôôˣСôôá
ŽʱͿſϣֽԴ˫۲ͣزȥɵģҲ֪ڸʲô
߹ȥʱУôˣ
µ̶ס
£ͺȻ̧ͷЩ죬Ŀ˸һ˫۾ò˼顣
ʱУɰǻˣ
ǽ͡
ʱУŶԣǽͣ˵ˡ
Цûʵз˫ۣ뿪֮ǰ˪Ƶģȫˡ
ëëģı仯Ӻζôˣѧ̫𣿡
ôܡʱаָۣתһ仨ʱбĵסʱ򣿡
ѧϰ϶ŵˣޱĽ
СѧĬĬҡͷôȻôã
Ϊֵÿĵ¡
ֹǿģֱҪͬ죬Ҫ㵸Ҫøȫϲˣʲô
ˣʲô£Ը𣿡
ʱһֻʳָ쵽ǰҡҡǇNɪʱܸ㣬ģ֪Ρ
ðɡԹģҾͲ˵ҵԺҡ
ùͷˣ˵ʲôԸ
ǰһ֪ˣʱͬգʱֻǻҪѽ͵͵ϲ˵ķʽۡ
ʱţ°ͿüҵȽϣ۽Ƕ°ͣôô˳ۣôôġ
һ뵽Ҫȫҫ˾ȻҲϲĵķɫݾƲסعðƮÿҪ˶
С壬С壬Сˡ
ûһһ˽ڻԣĶͷٲıǼ⣬ô͵͵زţԼҲϲȻʱ˲٣Ƿȫ䡣
ĺÿģΪǴķƶʱɢֻ޷Ļϲ
ζƮɢ𽫷˶źãȥԷ
վʱֳˣ̫ûվҡ
ȻӦסůơ
˳ŶԷվʱл۵һᶼ˼ϣ§˼Ҽ
߿Է
˵СܣʱĵϲݣƲס
Ϊ̫ϲ극ҪŸٴһſ¥ؼҡ
ϳ⳵Ȳͳֻл˼˼ĵ绰ȥԷӦϢ绰˺ðŽҲû˯ѵζ
ôˣʱүûǴ첻հɣ
˼ǲǴŵϢʱֺõسŵ绰ǸȶԷӦԹԽŵҪ£ǳҪû취ֻܴˡ
л˼˼ôҲ˴룬ƤоЩûʲôҪ£˵˵ҪǲҪ´Ҿ͸ҩ
˰лҽΪҩأ
ûʵĳ˿˿Ƶʪ⣬ʱвͷ治֪ʲôʱëëϸ꣬ʮ΢磬ֱ䵽
ûأѾˡ
ԼûԸСһȥԶٻһԺѰһҵĻȽϺóԣһ߸л˼˼Ҫ¡
ҪӿƽȣʲôҿٻָʲôԶҩܶ赼ʲôķУֻҪ𣿡
л˼˼Ĭһ˲ƺǶͻ˼άе⣬֮ǰʮֿܣʱ䣬ҲܸظܵǱʶ»Ǿܾ̬ȡ
ת䲻ν
ǲ죬ҲǺ棺ܸңʲôȻ뷨𣿡
ʱ룬óĽֱ׵ó棺ҾһȫˣȽ̸
̸
ǰʱЦе˵ϲˡ
Ҿڸոգ֪Ҳϲҡ
ҪףҪҲϲΪ̫ϲ̫ӣҪõģڡ
췢ģл˼˼ûкϼģɵп
ϲ㡣Ϊеˣڵ״̬Ƶ״̬˼ǹҵˣ˷Ųµ£ϣ⣬ƻ˳
ʱУһ˵һҪ˵ķӿƽȣҿûа취쵽ڵƷѾ˼ҽŷټӿ죬ѹûа취ܡ
ڵ飬ҿԺܸεĸ㣬֮Ҫö࣬Բŵ˵ֻҪвע̼ܵǳٵ߽Ǹʱ򣬺пᱻȫ˼һǳǷǳΣյġ
ԣڵĽȲܴңΪ״̬ǳãԺпܻ֮ϲҲ˵
֮ϲ
ʱǺϲʡ
ǣʧǶл˼˼ĻʾȫܣУǾɣ鷳лҽϢʵڲ˼Ҫڼ˯ȥ
л˼˼˯涼˸ɾ˯ʲô𴲹ˡ
ϣҾͲˣ´μŶˣ칫ǿȪˮҪҪǻһϻǸȻһûȣܾйӻҳζ

ཡ
л˼˼ҵ绰
ʱִ¶󿿣ɫܲϸ껹£ܿѾʪ󣬳ɿɳ졣
ǺܳƵҲȫӰ첻Ƶĺ顣
ɿ͹ˣϲ̵룬ʱЩˡ

ʱж΢չϵͬѧĿá
Ϊֻǳڶͬѧͬ˵İϾʱԸƷѾʲôܣչ˻Ҳ֮С
ֻʱƣʱе鲻̬ȼֱĺȥĶҪ˼ңõòУеˡ
༶мƽʱйϵŮߥȥԭʱоһڳһĪ⣺ʣʾǰ顣
Ǭèӱ߷ҵ̲סƨİŶǿ׼Ըò㻹ԸɵΪһֱճ˼ҲŰɣ
ʱ˲ˣԵҽС˼ǲᶮģúóҵɣǵöӣͻḴȻͷʦҾ˵͵ҵ
ۿôôǲֵˣͬ
Ҷ㳭ˣ㻹ôͬ˵ˣֵҲô߲嵶һְ֣ΪӵҲŻȽĸԸ
ǬĬĬָ
ʱУԶң
Ƿ̫ĿҵʱԱ߼ϰֱϰԾһǰһŷɿͿ󼸱ʣ͵͵ۣŶڻԼλ
ʱжɬ֮Աǣ˸޴İʾѸӹŵһϰ᣺ػôҼСۻˣȥϢ
ʱ˵²ִСԼǰֵܴԷҲҪһһʱͬҲû˵仰ͬѧȻ漣Ըչ·ҲЦŸк
ڳط֣ǳĬкֻеͷ֣ǿеϲ
һУΪʱС
ֵڣѾһʼľܾڵ޿κεݡ
ĺܺãЦִ֣ʵ˭ϸʱУûа취ȥϲ
Ҫȥ漸ŷŵĲӹϰᣬĸͣǷڽϾͺãһʦϿʱҪõġ

ʱҩɹһַܿϰᣬ±Ͻ̨ͻصλ£棬һƫͷĿͬϡ
ͷڿҪԾͷɴѾˣǻָòֻԼµһۼ鷢ס룬ϸ
ʱлǾò̧ͷʱʹ˼ǰǰ鷢۾ȥҪЩˣ˵ĵطɫԱߵĺһ㡣
ͻȻĶŪĶ̣ⷢʶҪ㣬ʱϸ㣬͸ɴһֻȥס˼Һײˣ˾̲٣ֻҪ΢΢ǰһ㣬׵°ͣǼ촽
Ҳʼˡ
ŪһĦ׹תҪ˵ʲôſڻûͱǰ龰Ҫ˵ʲô
ʵȫ㲻ϳľٶֻΪ׽ľ£ʱй̬֮ȣϲݺӵ糺죬޶һɴ

˵壬ȴʵڵ
ֲܿƸԺʱӲǱԼһܾڲӦôǣǲźۼתȥ׹Ҳӻس룬죬װʲôҲû
ʱĶȥŪȥ̵ҩ࣬ٵϿ˼·ӱһ£ͷһ˫ʱϿˣҪû¿ٿ𣿡
һɣٱȥҪƲסȼˡ
¹۸ɾγƯþˣ滹żʾƿĿ⡣
Ȼʱ̧һסԼ룬ֻһ˫۾תţڿ
һ㶣ʱѯʵıԡ
ʱ۾ڰ֣أ׼Ͽΰɣңһ˳
˻
գ
ﳤһ
̫ÿûס׹ȥ
лҪ˵ʹ

 38 

һĿ, ϸڵܲԾ, ʱ˯͸᲻ôѧϰ, ԹͷʼϷ
ˮǬһϢ
۵, ˼ûа, ôʲôӦûУ
ʱ̧ͷȥ, Ǭſߣæ̧ͷ㵸ָָԼָָϡ
˼
ʱֺǺǵͷર઴֣۸˰, Ұģ˸ظͲҵĿƷΧˣݵĶ, ˣ
Ǭ۵˰, ֲɵ, ݸ黹
Ǭ۵ȵȣʵҲ̫ȷҲûɣ
ʱУyou like a shabi
Ǭӡ
һﾪˣǬû˼ʱ, дĿʼͷ˼Լû
Ŀ֮, ¿һ֮
ʱŴüңƳ˻ΪҪ¥, æڳһְֻסҵңӣϾͺá
ֻȥϲżȥġŴһҾͻ
УʱɿּͶսҾطɱ
ȥ֮Ҳ뿪׼ȥΣֺܿĽҾߵֻʣͷսʱУԼǰ
㲻ȥתͷ
ʱͷҲ̧ȥҵСһ𡣡
СƺӿѧʱڽУԭֻһЦǳƣҲϰˣֻǸոյһĻд̫ܾƺʲôζ
̫࣬Ͻ˦˦ԴЩ߰ĶߣóĦ׹תݹȥġ
ʲôʱаæ֮г̧ͷһۣȥŮӵĶҸֲҪ
ûǰȥձʱһģ˵ܱѧҵ³ɣǸġ
ԡ
Էˮըʱطɱɹ
ϲԼƯսŷֻȥֻ׹
ҵķݣĺ͵ǰôоᵽ˰ζ
Цôģ
ʱУ
ðɣȷʱҲзݣһҪҪһѧУ㣬תʱ壬ܾˣҪԼ͡
ʱզࣺô죿
𣿡룺аɣǰǻһȥ˵ӰţҼÿͨ绰
ȻûƼͨԷıעЦӯӯģơʮ
ֿԼ̸ĸоò˵̫ˡ
Ȼ͵͵飿ʱֹֻص̫ˣҾȻʲô֪аɣⶫˣлл찢̣˵һϲģˡ
ӣɵؿϲո˭˵ŮӵĶϡģ
ϲ찢̵⣬ⲻʺҲͻĺðɣҲ˵һ䣬ʲôĶûʲôãʱߣû廪󡣡
ćNɪǶŴ󻰣Ŵ󻰵ʱ˼ȿߣȴҲĴ󻰡
ò˵ʱˡ
һʱ֪˵ʲôֻǾС⵽ѧԵһؼ
ðɣޱȿҵû˵ʰʰȥΰɡ
ʱÿһͷȥ
ֻʣʱһλϵͷŪʲôΪϿƴ߽һŷһֻĦ׹
ʱŤͷһ˳־ͽ׹ӽļߣôôãҶΪˣˣ¥ϿΣ
еͬѧˣ˵仰
ޡʱеͷ˵С壬ȻҪҪһ򣿾ǰˣǶ㣡
Ҳġ
ûϵһᰡǣؼ򵥣Сô϶һѧͻᡭ
ʱбƱ߶ĹĲɵţ뿪ʱ̲סתʱг
ֻ׹֪ĪЩ졣

ʵɵԶܹٶȽԼ뷨ж
ʱв˵Ҫ򣬹Ȼ˱ȥռأ˺ü׼ⳡٳѧΡ
ԣȥ˵Ͷ㿪У˲ñҲԣ
봫˭ʹ˭˭˳˭УǸǡˣ棬ʹ߶ˡ
Ͷؼ򵥣Ϳ׼˿׾ͺãӵ׵ĶСǼÿŰûҪͶ𣿡

ڳͬѧֻ֪Ҫ˴򣬲֪ȻôĽ̷һÿЦãǶȷʲôˡ
ʱУ˰Ķô˴ģⲻǰ
㶮սʲôˣСǼ
һʱҲ֪ҪҪ
ֲɵôһ˵Ȼ֪Լ緸ˣҲʱ˳Ϲ֣Ҫôһ
Ҫ˰ɣ̽Ÿʱûʲô˶ϸѧġ
ôҴȥ°Ѵ˶ɨˡ
ƫƫʱв˼ѧᣬ㿴㲻ǶѾѧᴫǲǾ޵м򵥣

ܣ˭أ
᲻ǫ̀˸ίɣͶУͶȥžû˼ˣǴɣԱ߿Ҳѧġ
ɺһ˵
ʱü˼еһֱͶȥͦûġ
һЦ£ͼʱ۾һ󲽳߹ûüӦʱȦסСȶֱӰ˱͵¡
Ͷȥ˰ɣʱЦòüˣΪԼĻմմϲͶһһͶȤ



ʱһٶǰΧ˵ĿȫˣǬֵöֱһԿŮҲ֣ЦͳֻǶա
Կհ׵ر㿴Žǰ룬ȻպǺһƬһʱ֪ʲôӦźʡ
ʱУ
𲻺˼ʱвţ˳ְϵ˵ࣺҸѧʱ㿴Ҷڴòɣѧʱ򻹲ɵùƹһ
ǬҲǹ۾ԲˣҹƹҰض
δ̫Ŀû취ֻܸϽְ̧ӽʱֱۣͶȥˣ
ʱЦа˷£ôܵȤûǲгɾ͸У
⣬ֻܺҵͷ
һ߶ֵļЦˣû¶ѧǵż
ԶԣôҲͦģҲǻʱ䣬ֲμʲô򲻹ν
Ŵ򣬿һǶӳߵ˶˭
ʱָǬӣЦ̫۾ˣС촫򣬱ң
ǬٺһЦ˵ĿһƫԶԶͿ߼Ů˵ʲôȻתѧ¥ȥ
õĻᣡ
ʱþôͻȻҺԤס
ԼԥĻҴҶʱб˸ͣƣǼеˣ
˵ǰڰ֣׷˹ȥ
лҪ˵һ

 39 

ڰһεŮ˻, ˵ǰȥһ칫ҰæǼǷ, 쵽˶ӲҲٻؽϢһڴӦ
¥, Ǭһ¥¥¥ݹսǾ׷
ŮĲڷʴУҲԵóϸ޳ߵò, һһ̨, ʵβ·°һͬҡ, ĳҡҷ˵ζ
ǬſţȻˡ
ٵĲӲܿղŵһ˲й룬ԥԥ׷, ˼ϲ᲻¡

ŵһ£͵ػͷȥú͵ͷ˵Ǭײ, ͷڶԷ°, ˶ˡ
˻ʹʹʹ
Ǭֱ, ҧͷˡ
ܿ췴Ӧô£ǵģ޲İңǲëҧϲأѪû
֪, ˡǬͷҿûҧ

ôŮͷġ
ҧһ, תߡ
å֪ƺ̫׵ֱԼӣҲͷʹʹϽ׷ȥǰ, û˼ҲûжˣåҾǣرر𵥴ҿš͵ɵӳ飬ǧ
ûҵȻ֪ɵƣϾҲû˼ؿд顭ˡ
˵Ӵ˵ľ
һڣ޲øոҧͷԼɵٶƵҲ鰡
Ǭô˵û뵽ˡ
˼ͷСӺҲͦҪ֪ҰǾͺãұǲˣô㿴˶ûӦٺ١
ٺ١ƨӴ
첻˵˵֪˵ʲô
¿ͷѣرݵ鿪˿֮ŷԭҲûôѣǬ͵͵ĵ׸Լ˰ֵͣȻ㶼֪ˣǸôİǹҵ飬ҡ
ͦɳġɰͰʵ˵Ҳʮ
ǬŶԣϲɳ𣿡

Ǭǰʼܰʱʱһ£߸һֿЦȱ۶ĶƵģûгһգӾҲ޴롣
˵ǬҲߣĵصţǽܻǾܾƱҪõһ𰸡
Σεðɣ˵ʵͦϲģӦãҵϲҾǾ˼˵ͦĵģڱģһǡǸ
ǬüһͰ͵ıռȻ;һɸȻҧֲʵͦģģҲɵơðʵ㣬ұϲţǰЩʱ򻹸ױܾˣܲתͷ͸һɣ
Ǭɴۣ˭
㣬˼Ҷܾˡ
ŶҲǡǬ˼ĵͷڻϲ𣿡
һɡ˵ֲСӹҼң˵¾Ͷˡ
ǬҪʲôʱһ㶼ϲ
֪
Ǭ룬½ۣУҾʹڿʼ׷㣬ʲôʱһ㶼ϲˣŻλ
׷ң
ǰʲôҲøɣҲѹɲɾȨ㣬ϲ㣬֣ҸɣȻҿܻᱧźĿ
ûŽˡ
Ļر룡Ǭ˵ôӵһľʦ𣿡
Ʋͷſհǽ棬͸㣬㰮׷׷ɡ
ˣ
ǬһʲôʱգҸ͡
û˵ͼ೤¥ĿмشһۣɫԱ߹һ仰Ҳû˵֪˻û
ȻҲͬ뷨߳ܵһڶϣͷ첽߹ˣʦڰ칫ҵҹȥǼǷ
Ǭ˷أĶþôߣתͷ׷ȥҲȥ㣡

ʱзˣ¿οʼǬײ˹ƵһֱŶͬ΢Цķɫѹѹס̼˵Կʹ
һڿ¿һ죬˽ңæʰ鱾ʱ˸ݰݵƣŲƮ׷ȥʹߡ
ϡҲûоܾôš
ǣˣ
ͳˣ
ʱޱ飬תԼС壬ޱʧ䣬ҷᡣ
̧ͷͼһı鿴Լôǲմʲô
ûֻڸ֪С顣
ʲô
һ濪ˡ

֪˵ʲôѡ⣺첻һؼˣԼȻȥɡ
ΪʲôʱһţΨһһȤҪİ𣿡
Ǭ˻ؼˣϵôӣ
ǵġƢغֻǽһһЩؼңһҪȥˮмְ
ְ
ţΪ֮ǰ̫ʱ䣬µ鷹ϰĹʹǵˣˮеļְ翪ʼȥϰࡣ
Ҳ֪˰ʱж֪ô˵ۣźöãͷϵİ̶ڣСƨǲҪʱ磿
ֻһ̣ĶѾˡ
ͲܶϢһӺú㶼ݳŹǾˣҪˮе϶㡣ȥˣؼҡ
ʱȥ΢΢һ㿪ˡ
ѾԼʱ䣬ҲˣӦ˹ҵġ
ʱüһûʲô£ҵģһ㰡ʱ絣ġ
д¡һһ䣬ù߳ļ֣Ҫĩˣǹ꣬ȻѧҪǮġ
Ǳ˼ұܸĸ谮ǵĺӣʮͣĵӾͼȫѹϣû취ġ
Ȼʶһʱнסˣ˵ȰĻ
ֻǣЭЭĻһ¡
ȥˮмְƤҲҪȥ
ȰΪ˳Լͻߣ˭֪ûӵʱ䣬ʱо˵곤ӦԼҲڳмְְΧȹõˡ
档
ûʲôģۡ
֪ʱֱ׳ʮ㣺ɻ˭ۣҾҪǰһϰĸо㲻ùңæԼľͺãʲôľʱң
Ժ󲻻ֹСиϰಢûʲôõģֻǿ²Ҳ᲻ôĻԣֻĳһͣתͷʼԼĹ
ôȾ֣Ųʱ˧ȵķ
ʼӻܰؼоԼ£֮ʱԼƿһһ
С壬ôôƤʲôרҵߣ
С尥âҲҪп飿ôյôУĲֻƤͺ𣿣
⼸ˮļ۸Һڴˡ۶Ǯһţ
ե֭ôҲᡭ
һ磬ûʲôʱȥԼĹΪʱдôˮƴ̣ȥΪʱдˮƴ̵·ϡ
ʱϾǵ͵ƫƣóȴȫˮǲԣȻͲȥ
ֻǴûˮгһҲܳΪԼѾصı֡
Ϊ˰ԼĹûɣΪ˲۹ʣֻ°ʱ䵽֮ɻȫ˲ʰ׼ؼҡ
ʱ֪ԼεòУ°ҲߣҪ°ؼҡ
ԲС塣ȥ·ϣʱеɥòУ˶޾ɣҪţɸ鷳ˡ
ͷķǺѹ
̫ûˣæܱɵæ
ûµġЦŰοʱԥ̧Դһβ˵Ҵҽˮܹƽѽ


 40 

Ƣõʱм, ˵, ԼҲ̵ܹһ˵С
ֻƢúԸỹǲͬǰֻҪؿ㲻𣬶ҪͶ, ƢõĻϻϸģ, չ˱, Ϊ˿ǡ
ʱΪԼû취, ǰҲûֿȱһֱ֣ƫн
С壬ûи߹, ررáʱвЩڵĿ˼ɣֱ׵˵־û취飬ֻܼóʮֵظҳôûôõˣ
˵лл, Ҿĺ˿
ʱһʲô˿, С, ҲǸ˼ľغãʵ, ûס
֪ЦҲ˵, Ҿܺãʵĺá
Ǵ¥ϵĺ˿䱻ʱбһɣð, Ϊ㵱ʱͬˡһҪǿһ䣬رãϲ㣬ܸͬϱ档
ϲҧúأʯһͷصһֻľ죬ͷۻֽŷ飬ЩֲϦϦ
˵ϲ
֪ϲԼϲȫͬɻǿƲסǻϲװµ
͵߬Ĳǿסһûɽ鱩ƫͷȥŷʱ΢ͷֱ˫ľˡ
֪Լڵıһ̫ãֻһ۱ϽջĿֱֱŽµ·һʾԼˡ
Ҷ˵ԼزסĲ
Ҳϲ㣬رϲ
ĵĵأȸԾӦϱȫ磬ôһӣˡ
ʱУģϲϲ㡣
һΪʱֻ̫ʱ͵СſڱȥԭʱлƤƤȥҪǸһըڲڲܰ뿪˭֪ʱӵʱҫĵ绰˵п˻ϽȥһԸ
ʲôʱ
ϻʱҫ˵пʲôʱʱĵ˲²⣬ֻδظ
Ŀʱеĳ⳵뿪һֱŵڿ޼ɵŲ죬ϲڶڲס
ֻǿϧһѵõĳŮ˺ѷεĿʱȻֹ
ŻųȥʱѾͷɢɳǰ˷һһһĶӣ㲻ֻþԼϺ
裡
˹ȥʹƿǣǰ޴ز֪ô죬ɸһȥ»Ūۡ
ǻû꣬һ߹ȥӣĻǰɣ
δˣϾ˼Щȫĵעϡ
裬ô裡
ޣ¼ãĸĲ״ʯĳ˷ֺͬģݺ˿ڿˮָ𣺡ǸйţӽûŪã»أŲһ㣡
ϷżһԪĳƱǼ˴㶵ǿ޿Ŷģбб뿪˼ҡ
СС
״̬̫ˣɫ԰׵ÿ£ϵĺۼ۽˿ü
裬ڣ
ıŵˡ
һ򵥵ֻĶãΪֻ̫ˤڵϣֱβųɹͨ120
ιȻ𣿡
һ̣ŷԼѾ˻ƣˮ֪ʱʼȿֺӿ˳ʡ
ȻҴҵòļˡ
ſڵĵɺۣ˫Ŀ͵ϣոҽǩʱ˵Ļﶼ˵ӲҲ㲻
軳ˣĺӲŲ¡
ˣѪʱܷ⡭
ô
뿪ʱ򻹺úõģʲôúõġ
ôżСʱʱͱͱôˡ
ĸСʱ󣬺Ϩĵȴӭβ
ʿ˳৵վûеһʱȥʽֻҧɴ˫ۿţƳǸˣûбϰײ
ûоǺõģСС
Уô졭
ҺãүǾǣɹ
ҽ߹һϲǱǵƤƣãȻؿŶԷһѹһڻǱˡ
صϣס۾档
лл
ллǡ

ʱеѾʮˣѰΧ˭Ҳûж꣬Ȼڵ
˵΢ΪʱҫһԱѾܼ尾Сʱʱл˿
֮еĿˣʱûбֳȣòؽ찢̣˳ֶ̧˸к
ô浢鵽ôˣҪҸ绰ǲǽ
ھǽѵ
ʱг˳ǣĸŮûл졣
Ͻȥϴ׼Էóʲôӣ
ʱͥŲתȥϴּ䡣
ƽദʽһԲϾͿ֮ǲɢ̬ˣȻ貢Ӧ
ˮȰ˵ȫУֻƬԺײ³ڰ˵
ͦʵ飬ûʱҫǰ˵
ˮʱ̧ͷžӣָо
ˣоҲͦġ
㲻Ҳ˿ɽ
鲻Ҳ˰룬Ϊٻеεķ־Ȼĺг˸ˮɣֿҪһƲˡ
ôţȻʱʱҫˡ
СУҺ찢׼ȥ֤ͲˣʱĸŮһסûа취ܿϤҲڵʱչЩ
ʱҫⷬûбֳȣѾǰ֪ˡ
ģʱеȻûá
ʱҫ찢ѾԭĵλְˣԺȥعһСڼʱչһãȥĴҰ֪֪
¹ɹһʱĺ뷭øŶܹȥֻ룬ֻܱŹԹӦá
ʱҫصͷ¥ϢɣҪĩˣϢ̫ҰСͻؼһҪȥһ˹˾
صԼӴϣֻŷ֮ǰ˼ʮϢȫһ仰׸簡
Ļʱʱжܸܵļ尾
̲סЦ˸ı飺ãˡ
ʱһСĴԱҳλĿĴһԾ
Ϊİѡ￴ɣ
ڡ
ʹأʱеȥˡ
ȻͿһ˳Ůװõ廨Ϊĵرա
ⶫʾĩС׼ˣʶ֮һ꣬Ҫ
ʲôã
ȱʲôʲôʲôʲô
Ǹ⣬ǰʱв֪ȱʲô֪ʲôǲ¶ŵ
·УŸС·ɡ
ֱУС񲻰ϴš
ϣУ̫ɵˣǬⶫ
ĿĵعԱͼЩУܾʲôʣܼǻ顣
ֱһߡ
ˣСửһ˺öö
ܻʱֳϵľ͵óԸĿϲʱоԼⱲӶû취ǡ
ָоõùͷԣҲҪСԸܵͬ顣
ǣµ򣬸һǳɡ
ûʱбֻѾʼյʱϲı顣
ţС壬ĻŭŵʱһЦúܺÿ
лҪ˵

 41 

, ʣµ춼ѧУ, һֱӻУμĩ
ʱеһʱ˰Σ˵˳˵飬Ҫչ, ʱû취ϻ
ģΪƽʱıðζŲ, ΪѾȫ˽ǼһʲôֵʱоͲһˡ
ҽԺչĸ׵һӵʱϸ׵οʵ绰
˯, ³, СǺñӣȥȡ
ţңʹȽŲ, Сˤһӣӣûչ, ֻҹչ
֪жûô, ˺ôֹסûпİ͡
ʱлǰŰɣģûƭң
ûС
Ϊ, һҽԺȵƬֱʱвſһӵƵȫλǵչʾԼſϰݡ
Ǻð, , ٲҲǰ˵һ´β׼ǰ˵һ֪
֪ʱǹ, նһƬԶԵǸΡ
԰ԼĿԼûа취˵ʵ
ʱ̫ˣõһʱҲݴ֪Լַô£϶᲻ܲסְǮͬһ粽ҽԺչǣֻôĸӰȥһס
еһλеڶΣΣĲϣʱбһ޵׶
׵һ㹻Ѿϰʱвһôɾô͸Ӧܴһеط᲻ЦմȾһǰĳء
ǲʺ
ңҲϣı֪£ô±˵лһˣίУҲ̲סԵ¶ֺ
áԼŵ´ٵĻһһ㡣
Źҹϲ̫ãһǬǶҪұˡ
š
ŶԷһҶϵ绰ֻ߬ԭغһֱԽǵЦǿѹ£ֻתص
ƿţ֪ʲôʱѹˣɫҰ׵ڲϣ˫ֱ컨壬գҲգ
ϲ֮̽ҽ鿴ĸ׵״ܺãָûûһγִѪĿܣ˽תͨ
ллأûзǡ
ֻǶԱĻϲҪ̫ࡣ
ǲǣ˺ܶǮ
ûϵ裬ûϵģǮû˻û¾ͺá
ôۣ䣺ЩְİңΪʲôҪУ˻Ҫ鷳ҡ
ô룬û£ûµģæҰ᣺ĩԽк٣ҳźٶְּܿͿѧڿѧѧҲԷѾ㹻ҽѧˡ
ٵİοû취ο壬޴룬ֻϸֱ˯Ų˿
ڶ죬˳תͨûסȥһĩŲסԺҪؼȥ
Ҫע⣬ͨס컨˶ǮģٹԺòã
˶Ҳô˷Ѱܼ֣С裬ûʲôˣϢϢǻؼȥòãڼһϢġ
ӲǾҲľ˵˵Ȱֻܱð벽裬Ҿĩˣҿ֮Ǿ̳ԺؼңҲڼչ㣬òã
ʱ䣬˵˵̲̣ѾԸò
˼һڶӿĿЭǣǾס죬졣
ҽԺҲ͵òȥؼҳǲ÷ûϴ·ҽԺȥˮмְϻҽԺһԵĿղϽһҹãĸȴѵõİ
ٲսս°ҹиͻȻŽ
ȻæµͬʱҲûǽǰĩؼʱͬԼװϰҲһҽԺ
ϣ򵥵ļ˯£Ŀԣ鱾ȾŻ谵ĵƹ⸴ϰ·Ļʿۣ˴ֵңһֱϰһ뿪
ڶһ磬˸߶ѧ¥£ԼԼĿźλţȥĶ֪
ҵǬʱҲѧУ˼ߡ
ûǴĻλˣȥңͳҲʮλãҵġ
һмظǵл
һģһ֣Ҷֵܣɶлġˣʱ˵ת翼ߣУſڵһ
ʲô𣿡
֪صģҲû˵
ɵͷã֪ˡ
翼ģһ
վҴȥʳôݷ˻ҽԺһˣŸϻſѧ
ѧУſڵʱС
ܵǰ뿪ʲô£ͱһܱڻǶԷصĴϢʱǹ׽Ūȫѹϡ
ء
룬ܿס
ˣҷֳвǱ߶ȥһУ԰ˡ
ΪʮˣܵóӶһ
ƺķʣҲͺǰϴпɼŵѽп׾ţԲűֵ

ҧ㣡ʱз߷߽ſΪԴϺһࣺôô£ʱ̨
ѹô˴ԴĵǸոûӦΪҡ

ֺЦ˭öԷ˵Ҳÿɰը
ˣʱȣԭ㡣ᳵ·˼ϣ˳һкҪϸĲһѣ´ô£Ҿҧˣ߰ɣȥˮС
Ǳǰߣƫͷؿϴβ˵Ҳȥ𣿡
ϴϴΣʱͬգҿڼ˺üˮˣҪ¶һֲŶԵҵĺðɣ
һ·߹ȥϴʱиµӡʵ̫̣û߽ϰԶԶͰϳˡ
ӴСӣְ
ʱ˵԰ϰ壬ٸ᲻
ϰֺǣȻû⣬˵ðҪٸˣɾ͵ðѻĶ
ʱʮ㣺û⡣
һ֣ȻǱϴν˲٣ܺܿһֻâƤȥ˼һĹ⡣
ôɣʱЇNɪؾâ԰ڣһЦͼһûȣƳȳȵĹӰһһͷڵϡ


Ӳӣû߶ѸٰâӽͰʬ𼣣ʧʧ㣬ɾ
˽ѵʱоҪСࡣǴţܿˮͱ˸̵ֻˮ룬ŵúġ
һϣ̣ÿ̫ÿˣ⾧Ө͸ÿһѶôԲƯɶǸš
Сһ㣬ˤˡ
־õúꡣ
ʱһڶ̣Ͻѹ˻ﱧţһߺֻЦһҸҹ̶ӺϸӰ
ûӦأããȻָʶǡ
꣬ƽһź͹̵ĺӰôˡ


 42 

˵°, ʱճҪؼ, Ҫȥһ̼Ϊɾܾˡ
ҺǶסǱߣûлؼңİ, ܽʮӲͿֱӵСſڵġ
ͷһϲؼһ˷ĵġ
ʱнƬ￪, ûؼҾûټ֣, 㵽˼ǵøҷϢ
˳, ˷ֿԻؼҡ
¥£ʱû˳ȡ˿ݡǰµһߣϻʻֽӦо, ܼһСӡ
Һŵӽӿط䣬²ţл˼˼һƵ绰
helloŮ, Ϻۣ
л˼˼ɳ, ϻСװ, Ӹո°ؼңô鲻
ʱеһָֻ˻Σǲǳô, ŮؼҲϢ, 绰ҷ֣
ôУл˼˼ûҷõģʱôģ
ʱһֻ˻ʼָתа, ҪļǮģҶ㣡
ҽҲ˻˳㷢ʱһݲʱдĵɨһۣȫѡ⡣
쿼ô࣬ŮĸӸ
װѧУЩԻס㣿˵˾ͼѡ⣬Ͻ˸ңҵ
ʱڵϹԹ𰸣Ҳţô˵ŵ֮ԽĶ֬ϣϻϣոһվͻ˱һ֬ѻ壬Ҳ׳ƵĴӡ
죡⣬ƺӣ
ʱЦ۾з
ԣл˼˼ӰУ֮ǰͨõϢóۣ˵ĸ״̬ǳָҲܺã⣬ֻҪ֤׶αʲôʣٹһʱȶָˡ
ʱʣǲǿΪѾǿ뽡ķΧˣ
Ҫô˵ҲС
ʱеļƻָˣͿ嵽ǰԼϲϲϲֵܣҲͬѧϲҪһһһסһ˳չõģһֱģûǳ
ϲĺ㽣Ա
룬ȵ꣬ͳԼ죬һҲҪԼ˳ͳȥ꣬ٶҲܵˡ
ԴȾл˼˼Сһһӻ̵ϣҲЦԣĺλͨˣȻô£ĸԸҪԨ
лġʱ˵һˣһ㡣
ôţ
г񡣡
ʾͿͿĸ浽ҹ³糿˯ز㣬۵ʱЩס˯ȥҺü࿼ʦֽϲתƣ·˳־Դһ¡
糡һӢ￼꣬Ȳʰö嵽Уſڡ
Ҫȥˣһ죬Ҵȥط
ȥĶ
ߵ̻㣬ջݣ˵رȥ򣿡
𣿡
㿪ʼʮ
еˡ
ҡҡͷԲҽ£û취ȥˡ
Լ˵Ľ쿼ԾͻȥԺؼңҪûиϻȥ˵ΪҪסԺƢһԼԺؼˡ
Ŀ뿪ʱĻϲȫ˴ͷɥԭſԽɴ˷Լš
Ǭʱʱ̾Уߡ
˿첽׷ȥһ˵ʱбϣʱ̻ԼԼ
ʱб˵һûذȥɵȥʲô˼
ȥǰǰ˭ƤҪҸһȥ̻᣿ǹ𣿡
Źʱжһߺߣȥˣؼ¡
˻ɶ£
ѧұұвС

ĩԽѧϰѹһѧڵĸʱһ
ĵڶ췼˫˫ˡ
ԭŵķҪɨɩûʱоɨһ顣
ʱҫڼң췼ֵչӣ緹ʱһڳæµ׼ˣʱû¸ɣ԰תһ˾ڿһռɳһǿʼϷ
ΪµļͥԱ룬ʱгòڶֻڼ飬˳ĸŮϤΧΪģСʱæµû취ϢֻϷĥʱ⡣
ǰʱƴƴҫȥˡ
Ҫ˰ɡԼ˵ò˼λѾ԰ȫŮˣţȥģʽתת
УΪãûô棿ţҽˡ
ȻǬи༶ʱһϹˣ
볰ЦʱôͻȻϴˣһϳûԭرը졣
ȥɶ˫ߣоԴе̣
̸ƨú˵ܴ󹷣
ŭʹҿڲԡ
Ǿͱƨ
ΪвеľˣʱӲǴţͷִεζ
ɶ
ʱȤؿڣ˫д˰ԡɳֻסС˵ʲôɶɶѽڶϰѣûתأ
ǬڶԷŴţԴɶʱתھͿдת飬㣡һҲɣ
ûأʲôת롣
ڴҲ٣֪ҳ

һѾЦÿ챳ȥʱѵôôϷŪĻᣬô׷Źʲôʲôôҵɧãͬˣ
ţ
Ǭһ±ƣʲôã
ʱʮΪͼӴ׽һߣϽۣϲӣˣڿʼʱĿڽиˣϰܵܡ
Ǭ
˹ϵڶҲܱײϣ
ʱ˵ȻҲײײףճá
磬~
ʱЇNɪЦС
ʵˣҪʱеĶתǬѾ˼ŵĹ۳Ʊ
ƱѾĹȥˣ˵кû㰡ϴ̻㲻Ϊȡ𣬽ΪȺڿֻ̫ٲһΣڳɼǰһϣ˵ǰÿһöҪÿţĹλѾˣǲҲɶʲôѽ
Ʊ
ò˵Ǭ¸ߵĿˡ
һڻֽˤһźɫϣͿͿĸĻһ˵÷ͼûܵܣ̻ҾҼͣͷ֣궼С
ã
˵ܵܣ
յݵĵһʱʱоͰһתĸС塣
ͨ绰ʱȲϢ
ǰͺܺÿ˵λ֮ǰҪʣǴձڻĳ̻ըһС𻨻ը֣Ϲ˵Ĺۣ
ôÿſڴϸ绰öû棬úÿġ
϶һһΣе컨׹ϣʱвڰһȥ£ƱõˣȥϧռùԴá
һСģ±ܾ̽
һͿ
Ѿָµ߶Ƣȶ˵ϲûپܾ롣
Ҳܾ
á
ϲСѲڱӦ˵룺꣬ȥ


 43 

췼ʱҫ֤ˡ
ǰĵڶ졣
ΪǰӦ̫, طֹ˾ҲҪ, ܿ˾˫˫Яȥسʱڼĥʱ䡣
ʱҲϷˣһͶ鷿һһ, ΪѧϰĳһΪ鿴ȥ˲ŷѧϰ, æŹ
鷿İ칫ܴ, ɾôĵط, ϻֽŪõǣֱߡƷһһְ֪һ֪ĻΪʦڷܸ
λ, أϷʡ
ʱ֮ͷһƹȥ켱ѵĳɹˮС, ɣ

Ļ, ҲûԼ, ֻӲתƻ⣺ôͻȻȤã̫ˣ
ǰеǲ, ڸ׼
˵, һճžһ׺ĶϷһ߲򣬿廭ʲô
ҿ, ɫĹûкܳˣ

תٴãһ
԰ʱ˵֮ǰҲһԣǺܶҲ
ǰûӴⷽ棬ʱŻ᲻̫˵
ڼӽϰ£껹һ࣬ȫ˵´ࡣ
ʱĳЩС˳˳ˮˣȱţȱҲš
ô˵׷Ǻ¡
վһ߶سǺѧ˵ɣڴƭˡ
ܵôĶԴƲס˭ôˣԱ˷ϡ
Сһܵķżʱ÷ɿ죬գ۾͵̻ӡ
ϸ˵ΪԼһʱѾȫο̻ΪСĵһԼᣬȻĿǰ˵ǵ棬ҲҪ㹻ӡ
ȻԼõʱϰ˵㣬ʱл̲ס˷˸磬·˰죬˻䣬˻ӷײ˧˼ů£ԱװĿgay
ͷ޼ãϸ˳ĵøУֻžӿãþԵе죬ҪҪĨŪ˧ƽͷ
᲻̫Щ
ᡣ
ƹƹŪ磬ˣʱȥˮûأ·Ϳվһ֪ʲô
ʱ磬Σ
ʱһˣҵһϽ˵ĨƽͷǾôţ˧һ㣿
ϵķֿʵʵ˵ͦ˧ѵ÷ֶ𣿡
һѪ
˵Ҳôá
·ʱвŰર¥ܵſڣʱһֵѡģʽһ˫ȽϺʣ˶Ь᲻ҽװ̫
⸱Сż˵ɾȤ׸磬Լ᣿
ʱлһƣʶࡣ
ӴʱУˣļҹǲǰģʶ
ǰģʶ
˭׷ʣı
ȱһƲȻͷƲˣڸ㡣
ȴʱʮߣǼȥһ˺þõˣʮ㵽˵Ҳ˸Сʱʱ䣬ƽʱһͷԽϷԳҲ͹ȥˡ
ɽǸ
Թ緹ʱоڿ仨԰תƣȿˮһʱ䣬磬һʱ䣬һʱ䣬ȥոӣһʱ䡭
۾챻ˣɴԼźˡ
ʱеɳϣֻǱʱӣΪҲ룿˵ֻЩʱҪǿԣҰͲϾɱȥ
λ֪ô𣿡
Сﲻ㣬ҪȰǵܷܵ˵
ʲôֲС檣ס磬糺죬ûտЦˣǽתðɣ
ʱֵóǣתͷʱŹķӣֱȥ
Һãٳĵȴչоͷ
ߵһʱһͦթʬܵϵȷһԼû⣬кԿܳŴϳɱȥ
ߵʮѾһƬʱкȺһվڵ£ĵСԼ
˵ʮ壬ʱоܾ˵һͬе룬ûе
˵ʮţʱоܾ˵ڶҪϵʽĹûе
˵ʮʱдС̷һƹ˸ûе
˵ʮ̻㿪ʼʮӣʱ̲סˣ£ͳֻ绰ʱ˹
ʱУǸҿһЩܵ˳˴ֻڸȥǲǵȺܾˣ
ʱԷǱߺķԼٵĺ
ûСʶķϣһ·ϣ³ˣƵмӲܵ
˿㵽ȥ̻Ҫҵȥͺá
ãҲʱ˵㣬Ϸô죬ֲû£һЩҲûϵҶ㡣
˵绰ʱвûԶȥ
ڵµĹ㳡ϵţ̧ͷԿ߲Ѿͷܶڳ˶ΪһһȵӾʢ׼
ǰʱϲֵģÿ̻㶼Ҫѳǰ
ɽ겻һˣ˸ϲģ⣬һҲûʲôĶܷȥһϲҪʤҪ̻ȴ£ȵȴһ̻ըĶ
ŵ㣬ε̻ڵϿպը޴Ļ𿪷ţӳ˰ա
ʱŻڵ쳤һһΣͷȥ̻
ȷʵƯܾޣĿ
źСûܿ
̻һŽһţıըﲻ»ϣ˶Ϊһ̵ʢڡ
ΨʱֻڴУһһС嵽
ŵʮ壬̻ʱ룬ӵƵͨ
½ϳֺһƬʱп
С壬㡭
ѾʼѽͬʱߺˣԼѤõ̻ɼ
ԲʱУҽܹˡ˵ţŨŨǸ⣺裬ڿǸҰַֿ£˺ܾúֻοŽ˯ʵ߲
ԭ
ʱźźҲʾ⣺û°̻У꿴ǣûϵģչȽҪ
ÿ꣬𣿡
ǰÿ궼Уһһÿ
ûٿڣãôŵЦ˵ǽҲ뿴ֻٸЩԶԶ㿴òã
ãȻã
תͷ׼̻һʱ䣬ĻѤõ̻ռݡ
˾ô˼ӣʱͲʱУǿԸ̻Ļ𣿡
ԵİɡʱЦ𣺡ʲôԸ
أ
ǿž˵ձľ̻ڸ߿ţֻһ䣬ȴ˻ǵĻһϸСȫڸǡ
ͬʱ˵ŵúᣬҺʱΪܹ͵͵ᣬͲڶߡ
Уϵ̻Ը
ԣϣϲˣһӶڶⴥֿɼĵط


 44 

ŵ绰Ҷ, Ļ, Ҳʧˡ
ڰһƬĿȻϢֻԼΨһĶ
ããȻһ, ʱбҺֱĨһ, ŷԼ֪ʱѾ档
ڵһܳ
ʵҪ, ̫ѿ, Ц޲ŬҲֻܳӲЦݣӡ
ȥ, Ჽʱŷָոһͨ绰ʣ޶ˣһˤ
߹ȥƿţ￪ŵ, Լڱʵʵ, ͣط, ˻ƵĿװıãȻ
һֱǰ޵ģǴޣԼҲ, ˵л, Լ̫ûʱҲޣǴûһ޵˺ѷ, ·޵ԨҲϣ
౻һֻεĴ߬ס۵޷
˿ɿĨۣ첽ǰסڱˣŬҪο裬裬ûµģ£Ҫ£û˰ְ֣һҲչġ
̫õίһ㳲޵ҪйԱ߰һֱ
֪˶ãƵ·Ϩˡ
СŹ±ӣȥ֣Ѹٷסݵ۾ɴ󣬷ץסһݣˡ
ԼۣҲյȫա
СûԲԣɤӣؿڼ豻϶һǶԵģ̫֣裬Ҳûа취ʵҲģԲԣ
һˣǰеļҸԵóƣٶĶδ֪Ŀ־壬Ҳ޷ڸһʵǴӱ˴˵ĻҵУ˽ѡ
ŬһĨЦסСȴޱ¸ҵŮˣǡ裬ûд

һСʱǰ
ʱҪˣʰ׵һ׼ŸԼ
ˣƱҹĵѤõ̻һ㽡룬үҪ֮ԱǣҲҪ͵͵̻֮еһԼᡣ
һ˵Լᡣ
ô죬룬һľȸԾÿҪĳ
պöŲ׼ʱⷢЬϷһֻֻֻ
СʱǰǴ绰˵Լ߲·ȥߵ̫æЬͼţֻˡ
ûֻԣǲС
һƢŹŭ˵ȴ֮ܵһÿκȾƵĵطһΨһĹԾƫƧΪͼˡ
ϵܵһʱӵˣȴĻʲô֪
ֻһ룬ѸȸֻȥԼ
ֱǸظʱд绰˵Լ󣬱ѭ·ոڵ绰ĵطȥ
ն̣˵ɫȫ£ԽƫƧ·ߵƹԽǻ谵ֻԴΪ˿Щ׷𼸴ЩȽˮ
ϼҵҰ˨·ߣŲͿʼװͰͽлĵ죬ע⵽ΧѾȫסǰ·ҲԽԽơ
طôҲ˼￪ƹݡ
ŲŹֵĸоӿͷֻ߬˼ǲԼߴ·
ߣ
ǽڵ绰˵ȷʵû
ԥԼǴ绰
̧֣ǰԶһ˵׶ɤŷŵúܴһԿͲֹĹŵһ룬͵ʡ
˵˽Ṳ̄ˣӾأ
ӿɸ㣬ǮѾˣҪǸҸˣУȷȣٰ˻ر
ôţԼһ˾޿ˣǣӾͺĸѶ֪ʲôСؤô֪Щȱ첲ǶҪǮ֪ɣ
ǵľѾúֻܽҪǰһЩո䣬ܸײš
ǵ̸һ֪⣬ֱ˾ԲʲôƲ硣
ٹȥˡ
תߡ
¸磬¸кٵȵȣҲˣѾ˵绰ڿ϶·ϣҵĻ˵һ˵˵Բ
Ų͵ضסǵ
ƽնĸצˣھƤһűġ
ҳ¸˵ЦˣͷôóʲôüǮãȻЩǾԿùȥӻܻͦޣⲻǰձһٻĸû⣡ôȥ˵ǵطϲֺôٸǸǧ
ߣСӻ˵ӾٵȵȣҪǰСʱ֮˻ûԼ
˴ɶݵĹʶǳԼֻǻڵֺƨ
ھǲʮ׵ĵطѾⳡԻͷ亹
ʲô˼
ˣ
Щ³ģ̶ֶĵĴȫҪٻڶΣҪ׶뵽һˣԼˣỵ͸ĸεز
ô죬ô죿
ˣϣÿһЩҵ𣬰¡
ѸٽֻػҰԼĵɾèǽһ첽ߣֻǻû߳ӣںѹѹһƬ¥ݿںȻһѳס·˽ȥ
ԷƺͬʱѸסֻܸоԷһݺСˣıڷ
㣬ȾңҲǻˣ㣬Ⱦң
ѹ͵״ΣѾ־嵽㡣
֮󣬽ıǾϲҡ
ֻĻֻһ˲㰵£Ѿϳŵ˭ɿ֣ضڵϣĽס˫ۡ
СС÷ֲԵģҷ·ڴЩǮʱӦ÷ֵģ̫ΪܱãԭǼٵģƢͻȻֻΪҵµǮ·ӣңƧӡ
Ҳѹסľ߽ͼɢĿ־塣
裬Ѿĺܺˣûϵͷ࣬ģġû裬Ҳǰߡ
ˣε˿ڷ
Сַǰ˵˵ࡣ
ǹˣ
͵һɿϵ绰Сŵϲȥ¥ݣֻӵ¥Щ
һ̣ޱû·ơ
ػػӵСأո˭˵Լƴӣ˵ػϵҴǰɣ
ûûУ¸ôƭ˼ң˵϶ûˣʲôԭҪһȥȥҵֱӰ˸
ȥôţ浱Ǹɵӣ첻ɫҵèᣬᣡ
ƵȭͷһһǱͷۻֶ㲻ֻţɤģ¸ûѣȥҿ϶ĻӴһذɣ
㣿һԼŶˣ㣿أ³һ̣̻ң¶аҪȥҲУӸ򻹻һֻ֣ҷȥңô


 45 

˻һ, ͸о͵ضһ, ֵץ֡
ں£Ϊ˼ɥĲԸԼ˫֡
ҺãĵĶˡ
һ˲, 㳶ɤӿعģ¸磬᲻ֻ, ʵ, , ҡѾһòˣò¸磬¸кһΣһǸĳ
¸û˵, ֻһɵƵձվʶҪ, ֻɸӡ
֪˵, ĺ, ΪǮԲֶΣ˵ֻԲڻϾۿ˱˫š
, ¸, 㿴ﻹмǧǮҶ, ͵Ǯ۵ģѹȥˣô
ôⲻǰɣ
ΪԸɿڣһϲ¸ҲôãҾ֪¸ʲôˣôΪôСΪСģ˵϶ΪôЩǮǮ·
˵ߺҴݵ¶ͳʮųƱսսݹȥų¸磬ͣЩˡ
¸罫̷ŽֽӹǮ˦˦˵ʲôתͷʹ˸ɫ
һϽ޷߷ڵأԼһŵϱðҽе͵ʲôҲǰˣУôӰǰɣҲмΪû־ݾ޼ɵˣذɰ
ϵ˲ʲôŻŻֳ˵Ҫᡣ
¸Щ¸Ǵһʼ˺ѷεĺУԽԽ٣ֻʮӡ
ϴ󣬲ˡ
ˣ
ûһ
ˣְͣɡ
ӵͷ¸ǰýż⽫һſڵϵǷؿϹ˵ûᣬ͵Ҫأ͸ϽԼȥҰҵҪǵùҲûϵǮѾˣǸԼȥңˣˣ
ϲ˲Ьߣ¸ܿһ뿪ˡ
Χܿ찲㾲һ˿Ҳ
ںڰеֵһֱȷǰѾԶŷŻվ˿첽ߡ
˭֪˸տȥΪᵹز˾ȻҡҡλվˣŶһڴѪĭ̧ͷײš

˫Ѫ۾ڿĸһ˲üƵɤӷһ̶ײײͳ
𾪿ֵصɴ۾ˣĶһ亹תܡ
޷󣬵ôĳ޻һ˱Ը˺۵ĲҲҪ׷ᡣ
ú£ñ
ܲǣܿŵޣ·һʯһŲȻˤ·խĹصһ泯±ϣ޶
Ҳ֮ɢˣڵϣֳڵͷȥˮŵģԼɼˣǸͬʮˡ
ڰµɫ԰׵ˣһʱûа취ӵ
ټǿ˵ףҲֻǸûгĺӣľĲ֪ʲôӦ
Сǲǣǲˡ
Ҳ֪裬Ҳ֪ߡ޴룺ǣҪҪоȻ
ȻˣȻΪʲôҪоȻ
ģҧأȻӿģҲû취ȥ
Զû취ȥ
ظţȻһץסôδйļᶨУоȻǲУԶҲȥˣ
˿ķǣãȻǱĺŵ޷ĻȻܴ˵
ʱĺܿ£һųˣҲܱƵز
ĳĬΪǾܾڵϽ겻סСǲҪоȻǲòãԼˤģҲҵģǲȣҲͽˣòãòã
÷úüѣ裬𣿡
ᣡſǻȴǰδеļᶨڣڣ
ãͷˡ
һáӦ£һűѹ˶ȻˣһɽںȻһ˲ʧ䣬񣬿־壬ֻǺܿͱ㳲ѹøɸɾ
裬ǻȥþ췢⣡
ĸţھ֮ǰƫƧƵĵ·ϻؼңһ̣۾ﶼֻǰ·˭Ҳûٻͷһۡ
ңͰԼؽ䡣
嶯֮ɢȥʣµľ޾Ŀ־壬£ޣΨûкڡ
ʵųѳĨȥԣŵúˣֻнŶӿһйȶһЩ
СЩ˵˻ңˣҲҵģҸô죬ô죿
Ǳˣץסǵģ¡
ԶԡǱˣץסǣú£ûµģú£õģõġ
§ŶӺ߶ڴߺܾúܾãӽл˯ȥ
Ǻñӣصǰ£ֱ߳룬ȡһССıʼǱÿһҳŻٵǮʮ飬ʮ飬ʮ飬һٿ顭
Եһ£ǧңְ͵͵ģ˭Ҳ֪
𲻶ȴףܹץסǻ˵ĸ֮١
·ƫƧװͷΪʱ̫谵Ǹûпǻ˷һĳ࣬ûа취ṩκõĵϢ
οû־ݵġ
û־ݣʹû֤ݣ㾯ͨץˣȫû֤֤˿ڹʵڣҾһ⣬ԭҪѰλ¸Ҳ÷ˣǾѾͶ
ֻʣһ·ˡ
ȻǾҪų¸ʱʱ̿̿ҹ˼ǣηη꣬ûʲôǱ顣
ӲӵǧֽϷվ֪Ѿô࣬ΪٻܵöһЩȻ԰ߴһӲӵķڴǰÿ𴲾ͿԿĵط
һ롣
ϧûлˡ
滹кöɿԲģһһĻܳһ²ϻ²ˣȲôá
óԵɿ۳һͬСֽס
ʹֽԽԽ࣬һյضҪŲ¡
һɿʱһɷθĸоӿ춼ɿζܣһ˵ΪĿԸо㣬ãҰʱ̡
ҧסŻµĳ嶯ֽһֻһֻƿӡҪͻһַʽΪ˸ллԼ͵͵ϲôãҲΪǸǸʧԼǽ̻ϴεĵӰֻϴΣ˵ԺҪһ
ֽ׺Сܾ£ÿŽһֻ縺һԲ𣬶Բ𣬶Բ𡭡
ֻǲ֪Ӻʱ𣬵ٴһવֽһֻϣžһԲͱ᲻á
᲻á
ϲ̫


 46 

ڶ, յʱбɼϢʱ, ھֽܱ¼顣
ô˵ʱĸѾûиһ𣿡
ǡ۾, һҹȥĿ־ûбɢ
ô֪㸸Ҫ˿ڹģ
ǡԼ, ϵʱҰ˵, ȥ, ҷǴֻʱ׷ȥǵ̸
ĸ׶û¶棿
ûС΢΢ҡͷһֱһ¥ݿڡ
Ȼأ
ǷΪʼû¶, ǾͶҰֶ֣Щ˾ôġ
ɾСк˵ĻĪε侯ѾǼҸھӽѯ, ֪Ǽгڼұ, ĸӲͬġ
ʲôʱ뿪, 뿪ʱǻ˻ڲڣ㸸ô״̬
һ䣬ͿǰкӺȻһ£ƺʲôµĳ, ɫ׵ˣ, 뿪ʱǻڴֺ, ߵһ±һºݣ̫ˣ»ᱻǷ֣ͳܵ˼ҡ
һ£ʣ֤֤㸸ȷʵڽ˿ڷ𣿱־ʲôԼѲߣϲûƶ
ûС
죺пǻ˵ĳ𣿡
ҡͷҲûС
õģˡ
ⰲο䣬ͷʽ¼ôʱõŽһλʶһλܿϳǽȥѶҵһλ
ǰߵݹһܷ͸װ˴ʮͷ
ϴЩ·ص㸽ҵģֻߵָƣûз֡
ϴ˵ͷʾ˽⣬һˣô
⣬ƺΪŹ˵ģܾʳϢ֪ֻ࣬ǴͷβһֱǾȾĺӡ
ţĿͷʱԾͬ
ĺӣܼұ˵ڻ飬ˣĸҲзļӻôÿԼȥˡ
ԤһЩȻǹ߷ºȻһۼû£ѡĵطҲȫǸǣҲûУȫ޴֡
СͬѧѾ˽⣬Ϊ֤ݲ㣬Ҳûеõʱûа취չ飬ģǻȥȵС
壬ҸǴ𣿡Ȼ̧ͷСȴּᶨشǵİοΪĶ𣿡
ҡͷǣ㸸ϵȻأΪжѣˤˮͷײûеõʱζ
ǲȫȫɱ˷ǲǣ
ô˵Ҳԡ
߬˫֣ôץأ϶𣿡
²ܣǳϴ˵ǣͼʵʩ˿ڹʵȻûɶǽонģֻܴǹķΪ֣֤ȷʵйΪٴϽж
ϧʵˣҲûа취ѣͷ֧ƱǶΡ
ã֪ˣллǡ
ģûбֳ֮еıûд󺰴֣վһ鷳ˡ
ɵۡ
ãӡһλϽǰˣⱾӦģģһᾡ׷飬вҪЭĵطǾ鷳ˡ
Բ𡣡
ٴεǸ֪Ѿȫ˵ˣٸܺûа취ǰ
Сͬѧǡ
ԣϣйҼҵĲֿԵ˽ǲ󾡿ҵֻ֣ϣҪΪ±ţҲ벻ҪǵϢ͸¶ȥڵѾˡ
ģǳǸ
˸ӵĿ뿪֣ͳ¸Լϡ
ֻδ磬ʮδϢͬһˡ
һ⳵ȥ󣬿ʱзϢŵ»ز
ֻһԷӵúܿ죬ڵ绰Ա߾͵һ
С壬òǻ˯ɣôòˡ
һͺ׵ۿѪɫ
ԴԨ˵ңɼ⣬ƫƫҲ⡣ôõİһȽǰֿɼ
žǱҸͷԼ̧ܹͷ˫֮Уβ޷
ѽֻŬԼƽʱһ޶ֻڶԷĵطѾֱ֣˯еҿĳɼˣʱ磬ѧ񣬳
ǰɣʱĿŵ؇NɪҲԼҲŶϻؽ˿һСţƣ
۾ƣذͷڳţͬôҸΣȻˡ
ţо򣬲ԺҪһ廪ˡ˵ţ뵽ʲôˣ𣿻˵ҪȥְҪòãûһȥԸҪȥְҲûϵȥԲҡ
̰ͲﴫΪסͷʣЩ´ҧơ
С壬Ҹո㣬Ƕʮûˣʮ찡£ԣ붼һˣ
ðɣҷϻе࣬ʵҾˡ찤һͻȻֿôĲϰߣҪ£͵ͬˣвۣ
вۣ

УȻС
ܼˡ
ȭͷڴߣ˿ͼ³ǻѹ֡
аͬЦ˵岻ãҴӦ˷żپͻϼչѾʰ˶ˡ
ϼң
һĦӦԭŵʱкȻҪȥã
Ҳ֪ΪںԶũ壬ز㣬Կһ٣Ǳ˰ɡ
ȥ˵ʵһͦһιʲôоûιѼţҲok
Զġ˵Զһ·ҲߣʱУҲܴһˡ

ʱУ
Ҫˣ
ȡֵ̲סЦ
Ц֮Ǹı
ʱС֣ǺᣬܹɣȫȫģҲǡ
ʱʣѾԹԿڽȥҸһҲ㣬ر룬жٲ֪Ҳһ㻹ҪһЩ
ҲңҲûиң෴Ҿرġܴŵ㣬ʲôúܰرá
Сֱ̹׵ǰδУڵҹȥʱжˣЩԼˣզˣһ˼ۣô𣿡
ûУĻѽϿҵôãԺ϶кܶܶϲ㣬ϲ廪ҲһԽȥһ·ߵ˳˳ˮġ
ʱУʲôƷʺƨ
˵ǰףࡣ
ʱʧЦǲе磿
磬꣬˵һΣ˫ףʵֵġ
˵ʱ磬һҪһֱİ
֡
лҪ˵

 47 

, һҹûкۡ
ӻصҿʼڿȥ, ˵£˵˶˵Щ˻, ˵ǵĹ
ıŵˣ³ʱ¸ҹ϶ǱƳ, ȴ, ־巭, ̫ĴЩʧ
УСǲܻؼңְ϶, ϶Ҫɱңû취֣ҲһЩ, ЩҪҵ˴Ҳܻؼ, ԣ
, £ڲġɳ£˫ֹ, ͼЩ, ⲻ֪ԼҲûкõƱˡ
㲻ϲǾ뿪, Ұ鴦꣬Ǿߣĵأ˭Ҳߡ裬ģҾԲЩҵ㡣
ߣ
Ӧ̫ˣһֺﷴ׽ü飬׹ʱʲô˼Ϊü٣˺ã˺ãҲҪСҲҪˣߣߵԶԶģҲҲǾͲᰤҲû˻׬ǮȥȾƶĲˣ
˺ã˺ãϿ˺á
һֱ˯£ҲɲͣЪ߶֣·ͼǹǧǧ飬ڿԳذ˵ôҲ
ϷţصԼ䡣
ʵĶĺ٣һ¹һһӣһŴȫˡסÿյʰռ˱ˣҪ˷̫ʱ䣬һӣͿ԰ҪߵϤװ¡
֧һֱûõǩֱʣһװʱлСӡ
ÿϧ
СӣΪ̫ϾɣиǱԵϡ⡣
Ϊ֮ǰܹ͵͵¼бҵģ˺ܶεģ߿ǰƵģһʱӽҳģɢﷹʱżø˵᲻õģõ¼ȡ֪ͨʱЦݲõģ
ڴ˺þõѽ
ϧˡ
ԭΪܸӵ鴦ȴ쳣򵥣ҪȴǰÿڼĵҪ̫࣬õ֤ύвϣɣõ⳥𣬴ӷӹۣɹύ룬תѧһڲʱ̡
ᣬûĸʰö뿪죬õףƣҫۣ·үǵͱܼɢǰ
ѵͷЩϳʱסֱۣСǶ𣿡
ëһ衣
СҲ𣿡

Ĭãᷴס֣µЦ᣺裬ʱ˺ãúܿ鷳
ҲһѽôǴ̯ӣ
Ҳ鷳ͺܺˡ
ʮʱ䣬Ӻᵽ꣬ഺѼ䶼ǸѾǵľɷӣҲһģԶһߵˡ
ټʱС
ټˣҵˡ

ʱ磬֡
ʱпһ۷۵ľܽصݵԼЦǳǳ۾ֻ£ùԣֹֿɰ
ף롭ɶ
סס
ʱиϽӹסԼ͸գ㲻˵ܽػĻôڻõܽػԼֵİ
ʲôأʧЦ쳤ֱͷҿû£ڻģǱȽͨ󣬿ֳ
ޣ˵Ҳǡ
ʱɵǺЦˣջʱʧòУôͲˣ£ԣ£
һСģ¶ˡ
չôˣϲ
ûʱҡͷŻĻګګҾǾеϧôľܽأǺõ塣
˵꣬գ۵ĹǰĻѾݱһõ塣
𾪵ĿתԷϣӣӾأϲ𣿡
ϲ𡭡
ϲǴɵƣ
ʱеͷ絷⣬ֵҪƮҪ֪ʣõ廨
˵㶼ɿΪʲôõ廨
ʱգգۣɿõ廨С֪ʲô˼𣿡
ԹԵͷ
ʱлסӵתƵֱۣǰһûӦҪʲôһ̣Ĵӡϴǣܽȥᣬеǣ֪ںηϦϦ
ͨͨ
ס
ֱԷɿ˻һ΢Цͷ˼ö𣿡
ʱĿⶼôˡ
Ȼõ廨һߣʱ˫ֻסǱסʲôϡ䱦ϲòУҲϲòС
ո̫ˡ˵ҶûüܵʲôҪһΣ
˵겻ڣԹԽȥˡҾӦòú͸ܱȽϺá
˵أ˵ͷһҿ϶
͵͵þõ˾͹ԹԱȦԼƯ¹ִԲΣ
ʱдûгһԼһˣһһǣıߣ˵ʲôʲôֻһСС񣬲һͷһЦǣ񾭣ݺݵĶһһΡ
˲ˡ
ååⱲҲֻһˣåˡ
һסĺ󾱣Ҫܲ˵ȥ˭֪ǼԷͽȻһգֻһ˲䣬СѾʧøɸɾͬûгֹ
ʱּΪûվһǰ˹ȥһ죬ӹֻӼһ˴Ӵˤ

ڴߣԻûȫѣʹ£һʱû취ֲ嵽һ߲ʵ
ðŻ
ξʵ̫ĺ֢ŴѣһǿҵĿͳ嶯ӿͷ
ˣǿԷżţСϼչˣһǶֹѾСöûпСˣ
ȥĵȴȥ·Զ
һ̶ˣ
껹мˣȼٵȼʲôϼԶԶֻҪС岻ȥԶҲҪƤȥ
˵ɾ͸ɣ߿վٻ·ʰ
ҴææĽŲ¥̤̤ͣķſڣžһ󼱴ٵŻŵĺʱ磡ûţ
ʱţ¥Żˣ
ûǱ¡Ϊ̫ܵ˵һĻЪһ̧ͷʱʱѾص˷䡣
簡ǣҪȥĶ𣿡
شȷٸ㣬ˡʱͷҲأҪԶȥҸѣҿܲټҹˣҲһ˵ܰһ꣬ꡣ
ǸѣͿӳ﷭һֻһĻ֮װ÷Ž²㡣
֪ǸΪ˰ãʱϸӲǶϰö죬ϵֽܶһ䡣ϵҲʶΪġƬ
һ߲ʹ̵Ƭ
ģϸĲ²һθͷ۾Ȼһᣬֻúʲôסˣ³һڶüѡ
磬˵ѣǣ𣿡
ǰʱк޼ɻô󷽷ϣϼչˣѧ֮ǰеǣҾˣʱϹȥ꣬ôǲлͬ
Ǻͬδлѣ
硣
ĺܿģɨˣֲòࡣ
ɶ¶˵¡ʱкغŲɵС
磬˵㲻ʰˡ
ΪĻֹѧ֮ǰǿѧҲˡ
ʱжһ٣Ťͷֵؿʲô
ҧ´󣬲ĵƲܹĿ⡣
ոȺηϢ˵ѧǰΣһλڰתǰಹȱͬ
ʲôȱѾͬ
ǲȱ
תѧˣڼǰѾǨѧٻˡ


 48 

ʲô˼
ʱ㿴, ˵ÿֲʶ, ȫˡ
˼ˣתѧ, ˣҲ, Ҳˣ
ʱҭס, ͷ, ȻЦﰡż·ݣ˽ڻԶأûո㿪Ц, ҪľԼһϷȥһҪæʰûȥ
ûЦҧ, һһ䣺༶ȺոѾ, ǰԷ, ѾѧˣҪǲţȥȺ￴
û˵, ʱоЩ, ŲڶȴǿջЦֻˣҪ˭ȻƢ, ҲϲЦװ͹˰
¼һ·ȥ߶߶ˣԽԽСֱηĵһ֪ͨ

ⶼʲôﶼҿЦҲôףİ
ţɿ˳棬ҵĵ绰²ţӦŮԲĺѹػsorry
аҧһβͨǹػ״̬
ڶΣΣĴΡǹػ޷ͨ
ʲôǺʱĻҵزָͣûģˣ
磬ģſ򣺡һʼҲţѧУ֪ͨѾˣѧѾߣʦ뿪ʦҲֻ֪£ô磬ȥĶ
û˵꣬ʱѾʰһվ첽¥׷ҴҸܵ⣬˾ѾҲˡ
ʱдһ·ɱңĻ¥ͿŻţ档
Ȼһɣ֮ЦΣᲽȥú˵˵λһŵûɢСѣֻʱȻס
ȷʵˣϧ𣬸ǣǼҹˣľɼҾߣмվһλİ֣󸹱ˣָЩ£Щӵ
תʱ⿴ɵվſڵʱУĿ¶ɻ󣺡ͬѧ¶
ǣڸʲô
ʰӰԷ´һۣĿ⻹ƣСͬǲ֮ǰķģѾ˷ˡ
ˡӣʱѾһƬհףһʱ֪ʲôӦʲôʣֻǸɵһ˼ңΪʲôҪȥӣ
˵Ҳ֪֪ܶ࣬˳ˤˣʣ¹¶ĸڳȥ˷ˣ˵ҲСģڰְûˣַģһԥҪҪϾ̫ʵͦϼ۸񿪵Ҳ͡
˴򿪻ϻӹزϣ̾˻ع񣬲ŷſڵкѾ֪ȥ
ʱоԼ̫ˣججġϳ⳵ܣȥС򹤵ĲȥһְˮУȥѧУһһ
֪ܻڣɾùҲҪһԡ
ҵĵطұˣӦҪһңҵˣΪʲôôˣҲһʲôҲ˵кһټҲûУһƤߵĻҲûи
ǻҪȥҰ
֪Сϼ֪ǲǻȥʲô˲Ҫչ˶ǼٵģʲôϼźŲû취ͨ绰ҲǼٵģΨһ滰žǾ̫Զˡ
̫ԶˣԲܴһߡ
ʱоúҪѪѪܶ±ը
ȻأֹãҪվȣҡҡ׹
ʵϸҲûʲôֻϲϵСˣܵøɸɾʲôҲû£ֻǺȻ֮䣬ֻص˴ǰӣصǰһ˵ʱЦ߲ƴڻӡ
˵ס
ֻûоĺڰĸԸһֱźڰɣǰ
ӵйһ˿һ⣬ܹݳޣٽüںڰץӷεĥ
޳ξʵȻ෴
ϻ˸߲ΪԼھѪܵʵǰ
ĿĵţֱİɫڻڱǼ⣬ΧСӺŮŵĻžѩˡ
ĵһѩõĺ󣬽ˡ
ʱͷſţȻһ꣬վ̨ȳǴΣǴΣˣ˵οԼҪСɵӾȻˡ
컹Ҫ䰡

ǰûȻǸС쵰
Լ˲ĶͿˡ

 49 

ʱд˺ö绰Է, ﵣĵò, ֲ֪ͨ췼ʱҫ
ʱڵ˶óԾʱҫԴôҪǱֶ, ֪ҪôѵʱС
ʵû취ֻѡǬ˵绰
ͷ, ȥ˵Ǭ, תһͨ, ѧУƫĹվ̨ҵˡ
ѩԽԽ󣬰氮ֵСǶסˣ·ֻʣɢɢϰ൳ɡҴҴƫƧ, Ǵ󲿷ֹյվٵÿǸϹȥʱ, ԶԶͿʱһǶһ, ִ¶նǰ, ֪ڿʲôֺʲôҲûп
ۿһӾͺˡ
ƮĲһ̵õ֤ʵϵʱлѹɥ, ᲻, ֻۿ޿Ƶĸͬܣľ
ǬһҪ, ŵòУޣСС棬ᰡһ˰οôù
ʹĨ˰һ첽ܵʱǰ磬ѩˣ䣬ȻؼҰɣ
ǬŹɡ˼СС̨£ƵЩЦ
ʱдۿԼżû˵
Ǭܣκ챿˰һ䣺ûֵܣˣ㻹ǰ˵ͨѶôҸ˻ף˵˵ֻûˣϵҲǲܰ
Ȼ⻰Լš
ıˣֵܣؼ˯һһѹɶ¶ûˡ
ҾǾͦϧʱе˵кö໰ûкöණûôͼˣ̫
ʲô
̫СǬһҲûߵˣ´ҧѪ졣
ؼҰɸ硣
ϳ⳵Ǭڸ̲סƵͷȥʱоһһֱŴ⣬ûб飬Ҳ˵
֪ʲôҲ֪ôֻܳ̾һתԴĿǰ
ʱȫʪˣصɳϡ
ˣ˯һ
Ǭһ¥ط䣬֪ǲǴǬܾÿһߵúüѣҪ᲻ӡ
ðǬ磺ҪǴ绰尢һ
ҲģһǾ˵ʱ𾪶ǰɣƢã֪ܲͲ֪
ʱ硭ܻҪѹһӣûϵܻȥġ
ʱ˾ͺˣܻȥˡ
ʱڷһֱҲûг
Ǭ˰˵ͱлȥˣŰ˵ĲһֱţʮӣʮӣСʱһСʱֱӵķ͸ʼûг
סˣ¥ȥʱзţɲôã˾͸ûһ޻ӦҲûиš
ʱ磿㿪ţ㶼һûԶˣǳ˷˵òã
磿
Ű
һʼ̽ãĴٵͣ£ʱʼһԲҪۿ߽䣬ҪΪûˡ
ѵ˯ȥˣ
УŲУʹ绰
ͳֻͨʱеĺ룬绰ͨˣȴûаֻط䣬װڱӵɳ׶
ǹĻģ
ˣץֻܻȥţ㲻ԷҲУȻ㿪ţҰֻˡ
磿˯㿪źòã㿴һһʱ绰أһأ
磿ʱ磡
ҰƵĻӦŴӷ䴫Ī˿
У˻ھС
Ǹ磬ҪԵ㷹㶼һˣٳԵ㶫Ϣòã
ûˣβô£˶ûٿ˵һ仰ʮ߰кһͷţ޷ֻ÷
Ұֻſˣǵóá
ôȥһϣ֪ҹʱûпţֻԭⲻķſûŲһ¡
ɿ³һȦɸɾԭԭûж
ʱһһҹûԶˡ
ô죿
æ¥һţӦ֮еһƬžôôȰû취ʱпһ
޾ĻͷΪʲôҪô׷һ˻ط䣬ǬȥҲð
ڿķߵ磬¥ϵ˻ûҪļ
ʱƣԽԽ겻˫סһĿڲ輸ڷŵֻֻϡ
ҪҪ绰
ʱпҪ꣬ʱڵ״̬޲ߡѵѡʵڲ֪ôΨһľʱ绰ʱһ
ôţʱֻһ绰ϧע˲С壬ǡ
лҽ


 50 

ԥŰ½ͨ, Ůӵ绰ﴫʱУ㲻˵ҽԺô, أ˯ͷˣ
ҽԺһ㶣ʣǸ, ʲôҽԺ
˼ԴơԷ˵һŷӦʱУһ٣ǣ
৵ذ, ûסֻ
ҽԺ

췼ӵ绰ʱ, Ҳڹ˾ſڽӵʱҫ
ΪֻճѯǼʱȥ, ֻŨŨǻĶͣ췼δЦݽӲϡ
ôˣʱҫʡ
췼޴ץֱۣҫǿµ̻ȥһˣֱߵĹʱ˺òã
ʱҫüͷһ, οƵס֣𼱣ǲǼʲôˣ
췼ͷС, Сгˣ
пؼԭҪһСʱ, ʱֻʮӾͰѳſڡ³ŲҴƿ, һ۾ͿɳԼһְҵİŮˡ
ڵ绰˵λлҽ
л˼˼ѾЩʱŰǰ, Ϊ˽ʱв, л˼˼һ֪˵Ǹ뿪кʱпеϲˡ
ʱҫɫһ㼱æǰѯʣлҽɣҶôˣһֱúõģôͻȻ֢ǲʲôطŪ, һֱܿʵģ
ʱ飬侲һЩ
л˼˼ĹʱУȻҲֱ֪ߵĹҴҸǿʵ˾Ͳ֢෴ʱԽǿʵˣԽпֻǴαװߡĶӣںߡ
ʱҫŵؿǾһʱȫûа취ܣôᡭûи߹ңҲûбֳʲô쳣״
ʱʱеһͨվϵҵʱֻʮꡣ
ʱʱĺСܶ鶼ԼΪʲôʧߵҹҹ˯ţΪʲôᾭԵ޹ʽ겻˽˵һ
ԭΪûʲôԼͻˣ˭֪ԽԽأǿҵģ˺Լʶ
ǸʱſʼʶԼˣվϲ˺þãȻŵģϵл˼˼
һʼͺܿܳʱ䶼ǸұϵΪ˵ܺ½ӵ绰Ƕʱûͨһ绰
һֱ֪ԼҪҽû취˵ԼƣֻڲصоܵвŻңһõ㣬ֻԼıǰԼ
ǵһǼϸǻ˵ʵʱӣȫû뵽ģܿʣ˧ģȻ෴
Ǻܿϧ米кվǰҲϾҲղ棬𣿡
ʱҫ۾ɬµˮйͨ˵ȴֲ֪˵ʲô
˵Ϊֹʹģѹôл˼˼Ļѹһݡ
ʱΪɣʱʲôҲûи㣬Ϊ˵֪ﻰʱҿԺܸεظ㣬ʱԭ򣬶Ϊ㡣
һһǧأݺĿڡ
ʱҫصɳϣ˫ֶòУۿͨ죬Σţطסͷס
ô治ֻ֪ϣԱø㣬Ա˶㣬Ĳ֪ˣֻǾá
ҫ췼Ĩᣬ߽סֱۣûµģڲһһΣܻκõġ
ӣл˼˼Ҳ˵ʲôػʱ̫ȱٹˣǱʶһֱֻһˣԶ˵ҪģԼ˵ĹĺͰǳ⣬κһ¶пܳΪ󱯾ġʱóʮֵģ۷ʲôҪֻҪҪ
ʱҫл̧ͷһ˫Ѫ۾ؿлҽǲСлʲôûиң
ǡл˼˼̹ȻͷС֮ǰһȷǳֹۣΪϲһͬѧҶԷ㣬㵽Ըֻ̣ܵΪ˿ظס仰˵ӾʱĿǰΪֹҽеĽҩ
ͬģСתµԭҲΪ뿪ˣתѧ˼ң˭Ҳû취ϵ
ʱҫ֣߬лҽ˼ǲ˵ҵӣͿ԰ﵽСУ
л˼˼˵ҲûдȣҲҪһ㣬Ҫȥܲ⡣
ʱϲˣкӡ

 51 


С, ²֪ô, ֻɳͣĨᣬһ߰ϵͬѧϵһ飬֪֮ڵϵʽ
췼Ѿ۾¥¥߶, γҪʱдţζûеõӦ
ʱҫ濴֮һ, ֻͷľκ˱Ҫӿڡ
л˼˼Ѿ뿪, Щж˭Ҳ޷ġ
, æڹû㹻ʱȥʱУȥ˽ʱĵʲôǲɷϼʹô˷ʽΪһ, ĺܰʱУϣԱ㣬Ϊδ, еŬҪʱп, 󶼹õ, ҪΪ̺ýе·뿪ѧУҲһ˳óԿࡣ
ĺܰʱ, ϣܹúá
ɾΪѾúܺʱ, ʵݺݸһ⡣
ʱвûԤڵΪԭỼ꣬, ĺӶʹһɭ·ĶߣҪȴΪһ޴ֻܲͣԾȣƴȫ
أһ֪
Цѿ࡭۰
ôͷɳϣﲻܿƵһĻ棬ÿһ֡ÿһǹʱС
öˣŻȻԭǸӵĸҲô׽ʱʱлˤʱίίְ֣ʱ绰ڰʲôʱؼңڿ˺óɼ˳ܵǰڸ׽Сѵ۹⾫ĸ
ԣǴʲôʱʼǸôˮݣ
ʱˤʱкӱܿ޿ʱڵ绰ظʱвҪԼʱڿɼΪʲôǵһʱڸųǰͷƿʱ
Щʲô
òţͷĶ߶ˣ̲ס۵ͷԽԽյֿʼ΢΢
¥ܵʱҫߣ״ΣҫǲɵţһСһֱŲϳһһ벻ɵô찡
췼ĻںкݺקʱҫһΣŴɳվҴ¥;ΪЩ¥ˤҺ췼ں棬ۼֿ˷ס
ǰţʱҫûо˫ֱһƬ亹
СУ㿪ţǰְ֡
л˼˼뿪û˵̶̼Сʱʱ䣬·࣬˻Ƶý﷢ࡣ
СУְ֪ˣҲãҲñ㣬һˣԺְֶãͨͨĹðְֵĺòã
췼ԱӵһμѾ߰ģôţУʲô鶼гǻš
ɾһˣΪԼµĴڶʹǸŵһƣ˫ۻ䣬ֻһĶһ𣬱ƵÿҪ
СУŴ򿪣ʲôǶòã֪ܣ᲻Ǹӣְңòã
СУԺҪʲôְֶ֧㣬ϲʲôҪʲôҪ˭һ𣬲ʲô֧㣬СУŰɡ
װĵıӰظ£ٱֱۼͷ­ڰӵԭ¡
Ҫҵ
췼죬
Ƕõ˰ΪʲôҪЩүͲܴһģúö
һ졣
˶һ̧ͷѪ˿˫Ȼ
Ŵʱɫ԰׵ǰǣ׵ÿ£ļš·һҹ֮ʮǹ˫ᡣ
Ŷõʱ䰡Ǹ˧ͰԼĥ㲵˲̶࿴
ССС
ʱҫµǿŨĿǻֱֻǲ̧֣ʱбһ̧ͷ֣ҶˣԶ
ããȥ׼
Ѿҡ
ʱҫ췼룬ĨæܽһѾַʢĲȡ
һ˶ѵòܴһڲǰһֻͣϧԭӦܰгղڣ˶Сչдквͻ
磬ѾûԷˣԵ㣬Щ㰮Եġ
ʱҫһĶţڿϳԶˣһɣҪһŹǷŽʱкȻվ۵һųȥһֱԭⲻ˳
ʱҫһʱ¿Ӹȥͼʱأ侲شˮͷһȻһƽع淶ǰųԣ·ոжûз


 52 

硭̫, µ˼û񾭡ʱʬ, ֱǵͷ⡣
췼ܵط¿ӣ͵͵ᡣ
ʱҫûлصǰʱвԶ۾գҲգؿ, ԣԲ, ʶô, ҪǿԼԺ, Ŭٵ¡
һ˲䣬ĺȥԾͱˡǲУǸʱҪԶԶ, ʱԼҲ֪ŬĳԣŬҪӡ
ȻһŬù, ôŬԿʵ, ûа취õĳɹ
ʱǱʶĿ, ʳŻصΪֹסθؽٴµһɶ
û취Ŭ, İ첻
û취ԼҪȥ˼뿪, ռ壬˺ҲҪҪ, ҪƣôһֱȥֻвдһǸǿԼѡ
ǷǰԵ̫ҪȴΪҲȥĶֻܰ湶͵
֪Լô죬ʱҫ֪ô
ŻһѼ⵶һһϣȴֻ޴Ѫֱ
ʧˡ
˵ⶰˣӦû˭˯š
ֽűҲů͡ŸڵˣȥֱҹڰסϢߵſڡ
ƹŷＷһߣʾ˸һû˯
룬¥һţ̶ʱûţһƱƿ
巿龰һԭԼѾۿһʪˡ
ССĻֽ䣬߰ѵţеƽɾеıֽţкö౻԰˺ˣһһġ
״һĻֽһһͬ涼һẒ́ݸɾк
̫ˣൽҲ֪ʱе׻˶ãĲ룬һҲûкۣӰԼؽ俪ʼһֱڻͣ
֪Ҫ͸
磬ˣϢһºòã
ʱĿһҲ᲻ôӻŲУһõģô͸С
Ѿû취յˣ
ղҲ׼ð˵һĵһ꣬ܵЩġ
һҧδɵĻ磬֪ܣѾʵתˣˣҪ㻹ѣǣʱ壬ѵ㶼Ҫˣ
ţ̱ǿŬⱭţȥϢòãѾˣٲϢĻµġ
ʵڵϣʱ˫űӣͷ㶿ţ̡
ͨ
ҺȥһССˮ
û취Ϊѹ̫飬صû취ȥҲ֪Уû취
ǲʶðһûиúõһ˺ö໰ûи˵кöûôȻͷֿˡ
ֳ֪ˣǰҿŬȥβ֪Ϊʲôһ취ҲûУץסҵѨˡֻҪһ뵽ôˣⱲʣµʱҶҾ;ֻĿϱQѹ
ˣҲʧȥˣĲ֪Ӧô֪ҪûС壬ҿͲ硣
֪УҵûȥҵûȥҵģҲ֪ôѾŬˣҪһɻǲУˣҡ
ģĺ
˯ţԲ£ϱеѪǣʱûڶϾεˡ
ʱҫǻϵϣͥҽͬʱҲл˼˼˵绰취ʱС
л˼˼æϹʱÿҽ뿪ʱѾӪҺڴϣᣬɫ㲵ۡ
̾һһζ˵Ǻ£Ϣһ£ʱĥຣ
ʱҫʱĨ˰۾
ֻܿӪҺŵһʲô£
ʵ֮ǰѾС˵ѸٻָĽ׶̼ܵҲĵұ֤Բᣬ˭Ŷãǳˡ
췼æ׷ʣлҽûбİ취ѵûʲôǿΪģ
˫ϣ۾עţл˼˼ǧ㲻̣Ҳֻҡͷϻ˵ĲҩҽڱĲʹǾϻѧϣİ취ˡ
СеĲòͻأȫǳջ۵ֻǳһͻƿڣЩѹһ˲佫ڵֻҪûа취˵ԼƣҾҲ㡣˵Ҫ߳һֻܿԼȥսʤĵ׵档
ʣ߲أѵǾֻôŸżԽԽȴʲôҲˣ
л˼˼ᶨҡҡͷתʱҫʱ˵ģĲҩҽ̬ȷǳؼ˵һ䲻ĻСеĲ󲿷֢ᶼϣҪʲôʲô˵ɸᣬʲôСʱδʵֵԸ
ʱСĺŬҪԼ߳ѾܼǿˣҲܷǴСʱˣҪľǼȥϣ£ֻܰˡ
лҪ˵ұ֤һһŰˣ

 53 

˵ʱ, ʱҫ͵ɲһȻ뵽ʱһ, Ҳ˵Ժ󶼻ʱʱôشţ
˵㲻ܴ, Զܡ
ǰ˲˽, Լôų, ̰, ˵ףֻǾһΣˡ
Щطص̫ȥڻԶᱻ֡
֪ʱϲʲô, ϲʲôϲʲôϲʲôֻ֪ͨͨŬȥεкӻϲʲôȻ뵽Ķ͵ʱǰ
Ϸ, , , ЬŪĶŪˣǽɲ⡣ʱвϡЩ, ûһۡ
ʱҫʾ֭ػ, Ȼһһ£ڵվؽʱз䡣
һڴ߻ĻֻǻѾǸк, һװµľܽأ۷۰װףƯů
뻭еòͬʱѾĥ̫࣬ϣ˶һǳǳĹΣǰһжֻǼʱʧ
ʣģԷ̯עˡͻƲסطſմԣǺ˼룬ԼΪҲòܿƣܱ֤һԼʲô¡
ֻлʱǿһһԼǣ֪ԼûɵĶûüͳȥҪ͸ϲǸ˵Ҫúû滭ûлͲͣ¡
ʱҫһȥСؿڣСУҼǵСʱжʱرȥ԰Բԣʱְæûʱȥڰְʱˣһȥһˣ㲻ȫɢˣȥߺòã
Ƭ̣עڴĿڶԷҡͷĶ½
Ȼûа취
ʱҫһ˿ЦͷĿ׵ֱ
ʱгԲ˶ǿԼȥƬҲϸɸɾ³޷ֻܿÿӪҺţչ鲻ǳ֮ư
췼¥½ؿⲽæӭȥô
ʱҫƣŶͷ̫𣬾ȻԼϲʲôҪʲô֪뵽ĶˣǶûãĲ֪ʲô
췼ʣղ˵ʲô£˵һô
ʱҫССʱ˵ȥ԰ǸʱæڹһֱûдȥΪһͻƵ㡭
Сʱ򣿣췼ץסĸ첲׷ʣǸʱСֿûУ
ʱҫ֪Ϊʲôԥһ£ҡͷûУǸʱǻûзֻֿֿҲòԶˡ
췼֪뵽ʲôصطſ֣촽һֱߡ
¿ڣ֣ࣺҫҾãӦð¸ʱе衣
ֹΪСеĸףȨ֪£ΪСҪ
ʱҫ֪Լڵ㲻㲡Ͷҽֵҵǣڽӵ绰ʱ˵еĻ֪ʱԥƱѸٸϻ
ٵʱҫһţ±㻳һģСŮسСأôǺ⣿
ʱҫܾûһѿƲԲҵĴûչ˺СУ֪㵱ǶԵģСиȨҸ
˵Щˡüͷںû壬ҪôܰﵽСС
ſڰ¼ϵСŮشʱҫʱŴŴֺߵطɿͷ
Դ͵֪СУϲСУҲһֱҪ
ʱҫѾûټƽЩӦһĸŮһǰһ¥
췼֪ʱҪǣֻܹԹڿȴ
ƿţһۿ߲԰׵꣬һԲûбǵĵŰֻ֣ר־ϵĶ˵Ͽ㣬һԴͷˮ
е׼ֲǰһС
ֻ˲䣬ĺӰôͰԼŪģ
̫ˣͺһûĴޣҿڽ̫ͻأš
ŬǰСС
磡
СӲգһжߣĽкһ˵ע⣬ǰꡣ
һʱеߣ½ŵЩǺ
һ˲Ǵſ˫۽Ųǵܵʱǰϲһѽס
磬磬Сǵĸ磡
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôģʱеֱ۲ȥòҪŤŤ꣺磬~
ºʱҫöͣСǲ֪ػᴥʱѾ񾭣ø⡣
ϵģʱвûκξٶʹԼＷʱӲְһѣ˳Լ¡
СǺÿģ߽и߿һֱЦӲ֣֮໹ͷ£Ǹ磬Сûϴ԰ľǸ磡ǳӵĸ磡
ǡ԰ִ񾭣ʱ̧ͷվڲԶİ£ԭƽӽĻ̻޴롣
øס
ǰ涵Ҫȥֺ֣»
СУǰǲȥ԰
ʱдɼص˵ͷ
ǲǿˣ
ʱв˵ˣ˵ǲ֪ôشȻȴΪݵĳĬѹԲ𣬶ԲСУûйⲻ㣬赱ʱûп㡣
˵ﻰһ٣ָСǽСǿˣģұʱָźһֱ˵ˣһȥظոյĵطǵܻȥʱѾˡ
СУǲǻԲ費뿴裿
˵Сǲ֪ΪʲôҪޣֻǿѹҲűͣ費Ҫޡ
ûС
ɳƵð˲ֹסʱҫҲ˫ۣȺͿϲȫдϡ
ʱ䣬ʱڿϿ˵ˡ
Ϊ㲻뿴ңΪѾϲˡ
СС
ʱԹ˵Լ˵Ļ㵱ʱЦſ˫ۣΪҪңңȥ㣬ͿŮ˽㻳
ǿܿģһ˵İְڵǣһġ
ǵģģ̲סˣֱһѽסʧʹޡ
ǵģСУҲҵļˣҲˣôܻϲ㣿СҵŮҲãϲ㣬ҵһθƬʼͺϲϲ㣬Ƕܰ㰡
ʱ㲻֪ηӦ֪ʱŵĵʲô飬ϲңãȻ޴룬ΨһԿ϶ǣºСǵĵͬϸ֣һ̶ŵˮ
ԭô⣬ԭʱֻҪ׷ȥҲǿԵõӵġ
̧̽ҪرʱŵĽŲ̤̤һӣ嵽ǰӵϡ
磡Ŀݣ
ԭӦ͵ģΪǱ߳˲ողű
ҿˣļ뿪֮ǰĸģ


 54 

Ȼ, ˰ĥҪҪ, ƿֵǮǧֽ׾Ͱˣ
ϣάһִỵָ̂ʶõ, ڵһҡ
ʱڸݣɫѼñѹúܵ, ʱ΢΢̧°, һƲú˵ƨ, ۣȫҶۣ
УҲ˵㱦𣿡ά˫ЭҲ̫ѰˣҼǵǰǩԼʱ͸˵ʲô, ܻ߲ܳΪϵĶҪ㣬㵱ʱ˵ɶ̹̹ɶҲû, أôڳض֢
̹̹䰡ʱ, νô, ҾͲˣҾͲù֢͵ˣ
Ҳ˼άҲ֪ô˵Ȧ״㲻ǲ֪, ڷӪһץһ, Ȧڱ˶㣿ֻҪһе紵ݶ͸Ƶģƨһϼӷͷ, Ūȫڸڣ㼸ԶģŪٸ㰲ϼĪ㶼֪ô£
ʱŶֻʼϷ
ά챻ͿɾɣԼ˾͸Ͻȥ̳ҿɽүֶ
СʱͷҲ̧ҿɲܺ㵱ŵҪҴϣûϹ̨Ŀׯȫ綼ܿң˿ɵ˵㻰ϰ塣
ڵȦҸͬ㻹ߵ˳
ðɹһ롣
ʲôãԶҶûԼ
ά˳˳ԼؿڣУҲ㳶ոռĵƬλһᱨ߷ɳദ㻹ʲôûҵһ˵Ҳһ԰ƨȫɾˡ
ûˡʱ˵ϵ׶Ƹɾˡ
һϷҪϢͷпȥһҽԺ졣
ʱ˳ֻظװı˵ܵأԼϱ춼ţ
ʱǱиĿԵýҲæýŲմû취ϻ
ά˵й֢ѾʼͣܶԼҶѾ³׼ѩϼ˪ǿ϶ٲˣ⼸ҾͲ㰲ŹˣڼҺúϢŶ߻ᾡȫĽܣӦˢ΢˽ţСܲˣͷϣǲѸ㡣
̫Сˡ
УǾ͹ܺԼܱͱ죬һĵ޵Ӽ˼ҷ˿Ⱥ鷳
˵ƬĿݺʱֲģһʼûע⣬ֱĵָһӣʹ˲ŷ֡
ٿûĶһСֽƪۣ˼ףɱķ֢߸Ͻĺģ䡣
ɣҲˡ
άѵˣҲ˳˲٣˵ʵڣûСӻǸС쵰Уǰɣûı£ʾǳǲڻ£˵ḁ̃еĳҲøסˣһֲ£֪𣿡
˹ԹԵͷάûطۣţȥҩȻؼңֵһ
ʱ̧ͷ۾գգͿɰһ𣿡
ɶ
ʱжȻһģҪƤƵĴ

³ص˦ϳţʱ治ǡ
Ƥ𴴿û򵽣ʱв֪ͳһֻʾĶͿͿٵ³ˇNɪָά￴Ƥ𡣡
ںڴһ磬˵ΪǸڶ
Ͻ³˸ϽϳһȥԶ㣬ϻᴫȾ
ĲԼ磬ʱеҺǻط䵹ͷ˯һٵ׸£ɫĿִͨϣһŨжϢ˭Ҳû취̨ҫȫĴǳϹϵ
ͺܰ
öokû
ˣ
ñͦŶӴӷ
Ԥڻ£Ϊ˫̥ԵʣѾܴˣͷȫű
Լûʲô¥¥ȥ磬ΪԹߣʱпľսģְ˱¥˵Ҳɡ
ӳֱҽԺȥ飬ſＸСѶ׳һǶָ
СʱҲһֻһֻúñ˲ĸָʱɹһ뻹Σһ͸Ŷ׹ȥҪһ档
ţ²¿һֻ
պõָݵм䣬Сɫ۵ĸָȻĵסһʱмſָ֣类ǳָ
ˣôֻ֣
ǣôܲµóԵģƤƤ
ʱֺǺǵؽ˵һΣȻһŰ״ӵӰݣɾֻһۣǵӰ˲غϡ

Ժըİ׹һʱЩǣһ۵ĹѾ
ʱ͵վͷ׷ȥŲԽԽ죬ɴսǵĲ


 55 

, һλ۾ҽڶԲ˽м, ɻؿλ£
ʱдŴ۾һ, ʧǵϯ
С塣
ϴˡ
Ǹû¡
Ϳ˵Ǹ, ʱ̫Ѩ, תŲһߡ
ֲǵһ, ô嶯ѧԡÿζΪһϣȻһδαϣʧ
⣬Сѻԭߴߴ, ȥ
ʱаԼˤǰڰ֣ñ, ûסİһڰ, һ, ֱ
ôˣñܣҲûȶðɣԱˣ
ʱзñӣָЩסе, ˡ
ǽ, ˯׸ðǿȥɡ
š
˸һŲӷǼ䲡ĸ߳, ߼¼ߺߵĻʿ˵ʲôͳһİ״Ӵϣϸɾ忡ӣҲһ˵
205ŲĲָúܺãߺ˿ûз׵ļĿǰҲȶ֪ͨԺˣ207ţȷռ󣬿ܡ
˵һȻûСʿֵ̧ͷͼ
֪Ķԭأ˻һĿֱ㶿ŲԶգҲգ
Сʿ˳Ŀ⿴ȥͷӦһޣһͦŴӣһСչţʮֺг
ǺϡƽľҽԺÿ춼ܿ
ҽҽڿʲô
ıʵڵϰһ͵ػع񣬻ҵذ΢΢µĽë
ûУûʲôѳһĨЦݣͻȻбĹû꣬ͷ¹еϡո˵ˣˣǸ205Ĳ˿׼׼Ժˡ
ոѾ˵ѽ
͵ͰһͷٷŲһͷӦ207Ĳˣ󷴸գҪע˿ûз׵ĵ֢״
Сʿеز֮ղſ˲٣Ҵҽת첽칫ȥŲҲЩŻ޴ζ
ôˣ
άµһûһַ紵ݶ侮ʯĶԼҾͿʼͨȶȣɿһȺĸڿʼƽ̨ĴˢĨ
Ŀǵ˻Ǳʧǵ˶ö֮࣬ǰʱǩ˺ͬƷƷҲվͦûһԼЩºֵ˵ҪʲôⷽѾǲܡ
ʱ⼸ڼѵõĹԹûȥעЩáţ첻ǳԾ˯ٲȻǶɳһϵûı̡̥
ôţٲĸҲҪľңҿܻ̲סͷЬ
¡ʱ˵̸̥ôҪҪһ³ɹȻСӽ˾ԣ

ʱһǲȫĳԲܰ˻
ȥתƻ⣺磬µöòܽһֱ淢ûЩҿ˶ҲΪһڱչ峯
ҵͦ뷢ģϧϰ岻ã˵Ūʲôʰ˵̯ӣԼˡ
˾ͺˣȦ
ʱ䣬ΪԹߣֻʱкά˽һƤëȦȦ̫תñʲô죬ֻҪ죬˭ࡣ
֪Ȧ˾ͱ㹻ǿȻƾǼǧ죬ַõص趼ʶ
ʱж⣬жൣȦȥ¡
ҾͲˣǵʲôã챻ٱ͵ģԼһ˽ûУһһҪ̶ۣ֥鶼ܸ޷ŴΪĨɡ
ʱ˸һǲô
Ϊ˵һϲҪֱӳʱȦɣҲʡЩߴߴ˵ʲôҪ磬ǿʲôвŬ͵ûؼҼ̳пɽ
ˡʱҡͷ
Ϊʲô
عʸ£˧ôŭԹҪǲ˶Ǳ
ú˵Ҳǻȥ
ʵʱ۾Ц˸˵˵رãرҫۣģӦȥǣ˶ԿҾ˵ĺеҵ
⻰ǷᣬţЦˡ
һ˲䣬ΪʲôʱʱлȻѪ˵ҪԱôеҪҪ
˵𣿡
ǰȻ˭ʱɡ
ͼʲôأ
ͼϲ
ֻ
ðɣʵҲ˽ġʱжͷ޴ˮƣƹ˸
ҲֻðԼ۵λãˡ
˶˵ʱõ鵤ҩٿʹȥˣһøɸɾɷϣôͲˡ
ջۣԽԽΣμ̻֮ԼС׼ʱϹˣɽ˺ĵˣһڴŵһ̻ըʢֻҪСһȥһλԸʵ֣С汻ֱˮ۾һֱЦߣپԶһЩǼҷŵȥַŽ
εԽ࣬ȥļԽ
ʱֲʵξڿʱ޵׷ΪʲôΪʲôôûԸһֱԼѣȻ۵
Ȼʱ䲻ǽҩ˵ҩֻһ
лҪ˵׼Ҫʼˣ

 56 

, ά绰, ˵Ҫȥμһ֣ĶǼͦƷ̣˵δԺ, Զɵ֡ھ⣬Ӵ, ڵ
ʱʱڳæµŸԼ⡣
յ⡣
һֱΪʲôʱ⼸ϲ, ʱҲûҪǡ
һҹ¥ĺж̹, ӵ绰ﴫжᣬкӵжů͡Щֻһ֪͹ˡ
άĵ绰ר־͵˼˵, ̽ûпҲȥ
˵أɰͰ͵ʱжڷ۵ı顣
ʱдԴװԣǽհ, ôҪӻȥӿ, , ʱĳ𣿡
ϷΪҲ֪˰ˣٷϻͷɣԼʰãߵҹȥ㡣
ޡ
ʱӦһ, νͷŻر, طʰԼȥˡ
ߵ룬άĳ׼ʱ¥¡
۲͵ĵطڰ͡Ϊԭʱȥܶ, ûöóԣǹΨһֵó޵ĴžԵ𰺹˼۵װޣԼ¥µζصС⡣
ʱзſڣά￪˵ͣٳʱʱлԹվԭصֻһµĵװС
ʲôԴ㣿
ʱ˵ҪʽУ˵˽գһóԵ⡣
άˣ㣬ȥˡ
ʱѾźüˣģʱд˼꣬ҵؼҼ̳˿ɽ
Ҳǣڴãʱðռˣٲһɾǿͳ徢Īˡ
ʱдҵԼλ£־һȦȥ˿ôˬ죬ЦտȦϷΧѾʮֺг
ʱбϵ˾զѲδͿʼͷת򣬴ʱеļ˵һҪݰӵֵܡ
ʱп챻ˣֵܣлú˵
û⣡ٿɿ֣Ŀֱߵĵϣɶ
⡣
ģָԼǼ⣬ٺһЦզ֪գ
ʱѵԶһЩñ뵽ֹסҲգ
˽صͷ
ǣľ￪ʼһֵķչȥˡ
ǿʼϧȰƣ˳ʳһԳ˵С⡣
˼״Ҳ£극ҪȥҸKTV˳¶˸ĵ͹
άûѳȳɿʱб˻ͦУҲû˵һ˳극ǰŸ뿪͡žʹ򳵽KTV
һﺺӵİȻǺάһʼǵؾܾһ£ͳ˰ɳ񻶣ñ˭𾢶
ʱûǵս˸ƵľãĿɢڿ΢΢ȻԸոͿĴ󵰸Ȥ
ɫ˪вݮвݮɫ͡ⲻС壬ϧҲûͳȥĵô
ǣóװһССʽеصȼϣԸȻͳСӴӱԵʼССڵس
ζﻯˣź֪룺ŶԭѵС壬Խζ
Ȼĵ⣬óԼˣԺСˣһҪԡ
˵İ˷磬˵ľѽʼһɱʱ߲ܣͺȣûͳԵ⣬˾ǰ̨ͣܶʼԼ֪Լ׺˶٣ֻǾԴǵÿҪըģ¡
۵һڣҲûöθʹĸԡ
Ŷӵײײߣų̂ףͳŲסһˤڵϡ
ʶģǰ󿴵ľһȺײײҪάһ˲ӵı飬ʱСİһţֱͦͦǰ
ʲôһû͸أʲôͷ
Ȼ󣬻һڰ

컨ûпţҲܸܽػˣõ廨ҲûС
ĳлܿһ㱻ϦȾϵ糺죬ʱпͷܹնȾϦɫǰʱ¶ͳƱ̻ȯ
Ц۾£ʱУǽһȥ̻ɣ
ʱдѵÿ¡
ǵڻǲôëµļڣ̻ڶ죬ǿ̻ġ
֪Լˡ
ǰ˻ͷһڴصظʱһס˫ֽģƱָ⻬䣬Ʈ䵽ϡ
ҹյ𣿡
ͷ˽յ֣ʱЦЦţῪʼµС壬㵽ȥѾ˺þúþãȵÿҪ裬ٲңҪˡ
ôϲûüڣС쵰ôҲסҪˣҲϸ𣿡
ʱС
һûѣܵĶʱ̧ͷʶҪץøֻĺȻһգǰľһرģ̶ʧ
ʱֺ۾ȴողŴԼֵʧһγ֣ڴߣ㶵ؿ
ʮ겻һǰСʮüѾٿʱɬôɾ˫γ͸¹ֻۣһۣͿеͶ
лҪ˵һ

 57 

Էƺûϵʱ, ʶҪ, ʱгһǵһǣɿﱧӿ˿
ȵʵÿ, ʱоֵؽͷ䣬ˮ䡣
С, , Ѿԭ, ΪʲôΣҲ϶һ
ںˣﶼԿңӦúܺ˰, 㵽ǲǲӣΪʲôڻң
Էƺ˵ʲôϧԼʱûèлķ, Ծ˵Ի
ϴ, ϴ, ϴΣ㶼ߵúÿ죬ҵ, һζûлشҡץס, Ҫǲشߡ
ĿǻƲסҲȥ, ֻҪܰסҪʲô
С壬ʮˣöˣϲҵģҵĶУҲ˺ö£õĻĶ԰뿪ʲôˣˣʲôˡ
ֻ׿ڸ㣬ûб䡣ٹһʮ꣬ʮ꣬ʮ꣬һֻһСڡ
أʮˣǻ֮һʱ仹Ҫôģô̵Ķܱĥøɸɾʱûң
㵽ף᲻ϲң
θʹзӿʱ۵Ҫ壬ҪסȴִĲϷ֣ʣһҲҪץס·һСģֻ˴ԼƤӵߡ
С壬£ҵǵ¶ϲܿͱʱĥ⣬ϲˣҿĵطӡ룬ҾܵÿҪը
С壬Һ׿ڸң㻹ϲҵģûϲˣһֱϲңҲһֱϲ㣬ֻϲһ
߶߶йһѾȫ޷ת˼ֻɵһץš
ʱд֮һĴڣԶǹ£Ⱥ㣬ҫ۵ĴڣżNɪϷŪˣȴϣӡ
ǰȴ㣬类С紵ܰҹҹһμˣԼȫϣڶԷϣʲô𶼲ҪˣֻǰҪ뿪
ô
ĻңĲ޷Ƶرü١
뿪Щ꣬ʱоʲô
ž
׵ҹһ㶯ҲԵͻأ
תͷŮͦŴվſڣűǵֻ
һַţһסԼ죬ֹסƴƣѹסʴָ˱ͷᡣ

ڵȵˡ

磬˲ʹĥʱǰʱһۣĿǰããһƬ컨壬ԼǼԼԼˮζ
ҹļ佥ξҲŰһͷβζһ飬ίϱӰԼס
СûģһһβҪڶΡ
ŽžµʳУװ׼͡
˰ɣѺӷϣȥıӣװ˯ҸոնˣͣȻθҪۡ
ʱСִŵűӣѣԱˡ
Աʲô
ʱв˵
¶ָѹ˵ʱǻÿ޵ϡﻩߣôŹȥСʱͲ뿴˼ˣа㣿
ٿ±ӣʱֱУʲô˼
ϽѹѹƣʾСЩȻ°һָ̧򴰱ɳķ򣺡˵ǲŽһûϢ˵ԼȽҽԺ͸Ͻ㣬ĳϿްֱҹ˯£ڻûء
ﻰⶼŵ˼ԼǽӣʱһʱȻұ̫ѵŤͷȥĿһʱ˶סˡ
խĵɳϲһˣſɵ£˫ȣԴСֱֻһ챡չüͷԵڣȻѾܾûкúϢ
̫õ˾ô⧲ĳ֣ʱڿҪϲûʱ̵ַĿ־塣
᲻Σ
᲻ʹǰÿһһһδθϲһδֽƽ
ˣһһһۣһջϲ
ʵڵ𣿡
ʱ۾תԴãȻӣұȻţǸСǲˣ
ʲôأȻǡЦţۿȾ죺ģ磬û׵ȣҵˡ
ʱоԼܱһϡ
Դ˶ϸϸȥһƬհףת˼۶ɳǸ˷ɿռݣҪʱһһڶ٣ܶҪ
֪ʲôʱ뿪ģڴԴ￪ٵһĻлʱֻʣ˯ģˡ
ƿС´ڵʱЩˤסһһߵǰȻ£˫ְɳԵ˯յĿ⼸̰
ŵúᣬʱ类ʮĵȴĥ˵СҪȥգָ⼴ʱѸ˻
˷ʮ飬¶ġ
µƤůϸ壬ָԹͷüң۽ǣǼ⣬꣬򢣬Ȼջأָ
һȷǰһʵģξ
ʹ˷񣬴δʧҲԽ̱ʱйڱĵذϣһƣˮָȴŴЦ
С尡Ļˡ


 58 

ʱһ˲ã, Ƶÿռ˯úܼ, ֱ۱Լѹ÷飬Ҫͷ, ȴԭӦڲϺúŵĲſССһλ˯졣
˵＾¶ʵڳƲ, ų, ҹ˲ΪθѪͽҽԺ, ʱҪشȥ˯
ʱбĶŪˣʶסֽ߬ס
ĿԣҹЩһԺ֮ȥ
Ŀ, ں۵ۻں𼸺Ҫ
ЩʲôôֵΪԼĥ
룬Ҫʱ, , , ĸԸֻҪЩ, ôС
ʱʲôҲû, ֻͷϣһ, ޿Ʈʮ˹ޡ
С塣ɳƵڶ𣺡ʱرˣеѹοһ£
һ仰ʱ䱻ʮǰʱڴϵĻʱΪһ绰ҴҸϹҲͰ͵Ķ˵ѹҪο
ʱôţ
۾ſ˫ӵ̧Դ
ʱ磬ѹ
Уþò

ϢѾҪͶˡ
ñطĿϲ֮ʮĬûٸһ
ΪΣֻһ˳ʱе˼ʱСչϾʮȥˣȷڵô״óȻǰ»
ǰʱŵȰҵһҪΪʲôΪʲôôʧţǵļˣŷԭЩڹ˼ͷͳĴٶķŭҲֲСһһӵ
ԭһĿûй̶ֳȣһط꣬ʲôܷˡ
ǣ֪ԷԼɵӣСĵĻϲ¶ͻûʧŬŷֿǰӦеദģʽ
ֻôŬƭˣǰ̹̫һһԷͻ̲סҪٿֱԷߣܰݡ
ۣҲĥˡ
סԺڶ죬ҽԺҽʿ֪ܿסһǣûһȦְ飬ٶһ糺ͷתػȥһͬ·жྫºÿЦжۡ
ڰ칫ҰһСܵỤʿһζ̾ҽСżͦߣҽԺŮͬ־Ǽˡ
ͷдʲô̧ͷ˷۾ɻؿʲô˼
೯ŬŬ죺ԴʱסҽԺϢһεļӵʮΣһǼҵŵ֣ڴĽȥĵĳһŲĶҽȥ
üͷɼһ塣
ϴʱв뿪ΪæڹûٽȥҲ·ʱһۣû뵽ҾȻô
һƢؿҽͷؾеˡ
յغϱվ࣬Ϣ°ɡȥһûвҪ
ϺˣȻҸһȥɣ
ˣܿġ
㷭һ¼ᣬ첽߳칫ҡ
ڴˮʱаֻֻ֣õƻصݹȥϡֹ۹ĸоôô˵ҲǸ˵ͨͲʺ㣬ǲô
ôʱҡͷԣҾ;ͦá
Ķ˵Ǻҽ칫ҽǺÿԿĳ˴ͷ·
㶼֪˻ҡʱаƻе졣
˵Ҳ֪ϾҪңôõڳˣҿ϶ȥϳڵıҺܳԾǳԾرԾһ
ʱгۣȥֶֶŮˣҾ͸ϲʺһγһ
ޱ飺ʱǺ֪ܲ𣿡
֪ϾѾ˿ǵĲʺƨɱ˫ۣҾȫҫĴڣǵıǣ
õıǣô׼ڹãûʱҪҪͷβǰö𣿡
㲻ȥƻˡ
ʱľһۣƻӽͰֱͦͦһͷס㲻СѾͷƬӡ
ıӣ˵˵£ڿΨһܸˡ
ʱںףɫô򵥣ǶôûмˣҲЩΣʲô֪ûб䣬ô죿ëͷСһǰ˺ĳϸϲϲÿҪըʮ˶û취ȻЩһ˰ɣҵСҡ
ҪҲСķЩ˵Ҳ֪СǸʱϲҵģҲΪʲôԸ˵֪϶ԼɣҲȥ
˵ģôˣںòεôðգһҸô죿Ҿô֪ڣҾˡ
˵˵ţԼˣֻЦݱﻹҪǲǾҺˣ˵ʵԼҲôãû취˭Ҿֵء
һʱʧΣȻװʲôҲ֪ΪʲôѵȥҲңڲͷڹ꣬Ҷûۿˡ
ʱʧЦ̫߹ҵ
ͷʾɻ
䶾в÷𣿡ʱ۾ȥʧ䣺ǱصǸˣС壬ǰǰڡ
䲻ҪĿ֪ԼƲסʲô
ˡ
ͬʱſڣһλĻʿż¼Ž
տһֻһʲôˡ
ʿæջؽţıʼ
˭ıʣôôСģҲ֪
ֹ˵߽˳ֽӽͰ


 59 

¼ܼ, ֻҪһʲ˵ܺͻָ, Ȼ¼Ϳˡ
Сʿ֧֧ʵһ룬űһαƿҽÿ, Ű״ӻ߽ͬż¼, һ֧ոµıʡ
ͬʱĿ, ҽԾճȭһ, Ŀ΢ţð㶢һƬհ׵ļ¼ᡣ
ʱڿ˵˲ԾŻˣĿϤճϣⶼ᲻÷ָһǰ㡣
Сʿһ룺ҽ, ôҲˣ
Ҳõ΢˵ģǽ׷Сķ롣
Ҳԩ, Ͼϸ, ͷС˿
λ, ڿʼĹ۲¼ԸˣȥʱæҸ۲¼Ա˵һ, ǲٹˡ
ԼƽȻ, ȴƲסΪ̵ա
Һôſ֡
ȥæİɣҾС
СʿСһ±Ƶ뿪
ߴߴСһӱˣʱе̬Ҳʮȴת䡣
Ȼ˽, ڹϴһ˿οԷʱУ¹彡и
컹θ۵𣿡
ûˡ
ûоûҹʧߣ
ûС
ʳ񣬳Բ¶𣿡
ҲûС
ʱѵùɣСһʱشòС
óԷ״ָĺܺõĽۣ˿ڵܿͿ׼ԺˡǵԺúչԼ壬мʳɣƣ̫߳д̼ԵʳȻĻ
ûʱкȻ֣ģ棺ҽҾûлָúܺãҪסԺһӡ
һʱûӦذһ
ʱһ䣬˵ϹУϹԭľչԼͬѧ˵⽻飬Ϊˣ˳չչңӦûʲôİɣ
ڷŵǽǣ·𱻴ͨζʱɽ·Ĵӡ
ȣϲɬһʱǻۿһȣ޴ؿһԴͷβŬװԼڵһۣҵ˵ͷһ䡰ҵÿ˾㡱󣬽ŲҴ뿪ˡ
ƽؿŴϵ޲ռҽƹԴҪ𣿡
ղţⲻռã˵ˣַǳʱ̣˭Ҫ˭ɵơ

ܾС廹˵ʲôڳûڡ

ͦŴվУھߣ˽л˵
뿪ãάž͸Ϲˡ
ʱãΪشڣӴϰ壬ھѣҪ˻ˣ
ά´һȷûʲô֮˿תһƨɺ̯ӣͺò
˸ƨ㻹ұƱưȾưԼȵθѪҲǹġСȶٶû浱Լƹӣ
ʱЦҾСѰ˿ôƺҿţûҪǼС𣿡
ỹãһάһ˿֪֪ƽҽԺ鱻ĵˣЩڷӪŷǵץŲţȶһֱûѹ֢¼ǿнϣһ󲨺ϣ˵һȦҴӵڶ쿪ʼæŸƺѹͨ壬һֱǿɿ
ʱŶˡ
άһɣڷ˭
ʱֱˣóӰʮֵʵһмı飺ҵ죬ϰҲ̫ΪˣС¸ô鷳²ϷƬҲҪˣȫʧ⳥ϰ岻ҪѩңһŬҡǮģ
ŻάҪˡ
ʱ۵ƹЦǰ
ˣˡάߵ£˼Ÿӡţǻࡣ
̵ҶˣʣһͷϷҪԼ˼Ƶг߷ᣬר׼ģЩӱһ£ôش𣬳һˮ࣬¾ѹסˣ¸ùһƾͱ֮Ժˡ
ʱַţԺ淢ʣ¸ùʲô˼Ԥλˣ
ȥһȸλǵ𣿡
ʱ룺ǲչŵλ
άͷȦϢ˵ܳˣ֤ѾԼȥ󱬷Ҳһ飬ĶʱС׼ףƲʲôˡ
ǵù
ʱϳԼҲôô֤Ƕ
άȦûģжԼң
޵į
ʱ¶һЦϸӵݻȥ߷һ׼ʱȥⶫòϣͲøҿˡ
άиõĶԲߣ
ԲУòþͲ֪ˡ˸ͷϣɫάδȻøô鷳ʵʵ˵С
άһּ˵ı鶢裿¶ԼԼˣ
£ҪΪôֺȦӴҲûʲô˼ˣɣ첻ȥ˻ܻؼҼ̳ҰִĿɽ䵽硣
ӲЦάüͷǰƤǧ㣬ʣʱɲô˵ġ
ˣֻһ㣬ƽףȻ
άﱻͻɥ˸ֲ±ƻ±ƣģ
ʱŬ棬Ц
ҲСˣ
ţˡһʱ̱סЦ⽥󣺡СѾˡ

 60 


άϸϸƷƷﻰ˼, Ȼ򣺡ǰ, ҵˣ
ҵˡ
ĺ֣ܿŵ, ǰÿ̨콱ʱûЦôù
ά￴ֵͷĸ, һʱ䲻֪ǸΪԼеǸеˡ
ûһ·֧Ĺ, ܻ̰ѸˤȻָʱбӿʼƢ, Լδ̫̫Ρ
ˣ־ûҲϾȦΨһ, ûԼⱲӶʶʱУһʮھͰн˸ˡ
ֵ˵˶ǸԿƵĶìײ, άľȹ, Ȼʮƽ
ƽԼò˼, Ȼôˡ
𣿡
ǰʱ˵ʱ;ˡ
άɸɴ˺˸ӣ̧ӽͰ, ľ, ˵ãҪԼú˵ģҰ
ʱЦˣҺðɡ
»ɵ٣
ڷۡ
ҡάνʼ, ùһƻƤҲʼС
ʵٶȿóʱϣĬһʱȿڣⳡֻпƻĳš
ͻȻô˵еֲϰߣҶѾýڻըϴˣ͸ҿ
άһ飺ʱУָеë
һ°ϰ壬Ȼܾ
ӣûôǷģ㻹ǼҸүС
άֿƻӽͰִϳһֽʼͣͲ֡
ʱоֱš
άﱻˣСķұǵİжв
ʱģóһЦۣл佱ҵ

а
˵˵ÿվͻϧʵƫҪԣӰ쵽ҹٴҹ죬ʱӲûһ棬ʰʰά·ʱ׼ʱżһҽס
ʱϵҽʱ棬ճš
£ʱ
ͷҽԹ㣬æԭˣֻҹҸ㣬°ʱȥط
ʲôط
֪ҽûҡ
ŶаɡʱüЦԼ˾ͺܿģת°ʱһҽԺ
ϣ˺ܿ뿪ҽԺϳֳ
ýѾˣʱŽͱʼĸͣռֱʱάͼŽ
򵥵Ľ֮󣬾Ǽʴ𻷽ڡ
ȻǳʵᣬȻҲûй˼ֱʱйصȻ⡣
Ϣ˵ǰΪƽҽԺ𣿡
ʱеͷģȵθѪˣȻýҽԺ
֮ǰд˵֢Ƿʵ
ٴεͷҲģü֣Ǵǰ
Ϊ϶Ƿ񶨻ش⾹Ȼˣʱ̹ʵһڼߴֲͬ￴˾Ⱥ˷ܡ
ò
ǣһһϬһѪ
ʱ֢ڼ仹صŰɱǷʵ
Ƭѹ֣۸ˣˣǷʵ
ΪҪ£ȡԱ֤Ӱ챻Լ𣿡
ƵθѪҲԲһ֣һ֢й𣿻˵Ϊֹû֢
ֶɱƣԲһ𣬲Ѿ̫ʺϼȦʵô˵أ
ڽȦ֮ǰھưɻɫش˲ʱ䣬֢ҲΪֹѹµ𣿡

̨ķżʲô׵Ĳ׵ĶУʱյȫգʵòˣɤӣ˷ʵĸ߶ȡ
Щٽһһ壬һǺðһ䣬ôĹ¶ţҥԵʱǲûӣ


 61 

˵Ƭ۸˵ĶЩ˰ɣе㶺, û, һб·˳˳ȥ۸ѹˣ۸һ, ұôôҪ²˭󣿡
ȻֻǸ, ұ˲
̨һƬЦ
ʱʼ, Ц, ˵˵ھưɹҲˣɫشʲô˼ҳ࣬Һÿ˵ھưɵѼػأ
ưȥ, ֲСӣһȥȺȾףף⣿ͷȥưɾɫشǴ崩ģ
һַ̾ʣƬ, ڰһ˶ʮһƿ·ʮ
ǰʱдȻ˵ô, , Ҹףء
ڳǰǲԣô
ԣ
˵ġ
ʱп˷ţҲеϾʱС, ҰֵǮ, ִ̫Ҳ˼Ƕʮһƿ·ʮȥҿһ㻨Ǯ˵ʵ۵ġ
ʮһƿ·ʮ, ȥһ㻨Ǯ
˵⻰ʱϧŲ̄¼߼Ŀɹһʱֲֻۣڱҫ
ʱ֪ʲôǿڣԼ͸˵ףʶʱҫɣ룬Ƕôƺţ̽紫棬ǿϰ壿ʵҺһˣҰֿɲʲô棬ҼҲû󳡣Ҳ󣬾ͺܵȦûͷˣеǮάƣԼʹȦ첻ȥˣһܻȥ̳иСں硣
һǾ£ըڳԱ⽹ۡ
ʱҫںܾǰѾ񾭹ʮϴҵ۹Ѿպ˵ڣڹҲŵš
ûҪʱоȻʱҫĶӣ
ʵļҵױʱгеǮ˸С
һԲ۾ƿԵӣάﶼȥˣӵ͵͵˳ɹ·ôŷҪ˭
𣿡ʱ޹ΪѾǫˡ

άͷ۵̫Ѩֱʾ
ʱЦп̨»ûӦˣ׼˰ɣҪʼشһˡ
ƲΪ£ʲộֻգָպиøһգһСĺȶ˶ѣûôӡ
֢ѧʱˣԭǾ͵жɡʱͦأɱҲϣϾֻŶѾ̨̤Ͳˡ
Ѿжʱڣ彡⣬ðҲܾûУЩ˵вȥĳҩȹˡ
һʲôţ
˵ʱлһ٣״Ƽ˼˻ǲǶ⣬Ͼ˻ڵ⣬ͷ⵽ָͷ
֪˵ҹأӳʼҪϣҲϣҾ죬ô룬ʲôľ˰ɣûôӣԭر򵥣ŪϲˣԾҪվþһЩٸһЩԺ׿ңҡ
ΪʲôѡȦҵΪϲ˵ϣվ̨⣬Ψһڵԣʵ֡
ĻϣʱеŴٷŴ۵Ϥ¶Ŀ£ܴģһ̣Ȼûһ˶Ļɡ
ÿҾûãϾҪûʮǰҾѾ˸¥µһ̲࣬ﻹн죿
ͷ˿ʱ䣬뷢СʱΪʱеⳡ˳þˣô쾹һʱ벻ʲô
ʱ˼һ󷽵Ȼʱ仹ôԣǲҽС£Ҹǰô
ˣȫõС塣

һʱл·̶ϵҽԺ
ϧûаʱ°࣬ڰСʱǰл˳˵˾ͽң
˵ͦأܿҪʱȻȥɣȽҽһ绰ġ
ʱг峣лûϵҲû¸ɣɡ˵־ſ¡
ͷҲû£ԭҪ״Ҳ£˰죬ﲻʣʱ֤¶
˵¡
ͷе㲻˼Ҿһ£ҽ׷ǳɹ𣿡
ʲô˼
ǣһĦУ

ϽͣȻҵ˼˵ĦаǾͦϡģҽϲôã˸ӴŵˣȻͻȻ֮䣬ϵͱôãһҽͦɶͦġ
˸Ӵ仰һصƺֵùע˵ϲҺܾãָָҵķ۷Ź⣺ҽ
԰صͷۿ֪ͦģʼһֱϲֻҪƷԵ򣬿ҽƢðɣֻҪ˵һ仵ҪҲˣһˣǰθѪҽԺۿСҽͨϢأⲻǿô˯ææˡ
˵ʵʱճҲûʲô֪˲࣬Ҷҽôôϲ㣬֪ˣҽ۽𾦰ôͿǿ飬עϡ
ҲǸ죬Ը˵ϻӴ򿪾͹زϣž˵һֱͨ˹ڰŤͷȥƣͼʱдԴ֪ڿʲô¶һ˫۾βĺɫ
ԭҵ˰
ʲô̫Сû塣
ûʲôʱЦǵĹâÿù֣Ҹҽɲǰ˸Ӵŵˣϵأ
ྪȣѣ
ʱУ֪ܿˡ
ĵ㵽ϰ˵㣬ĸСʱʱ䣬ڽ
˱ƳңļææΧȥ֪̺˳ŵĲ¡
ȫע̫ãЩͷۻɫű߳ͿԶڿŵس֣ҽߣߣ
߻վһˣźɫףźɫ֣ⴧ¶΢΢ԴĿˣգգ۾̶ÿĻȡ
ʱУ
һϣ̿첽߹ȥʱУһֱң
ǰ˵ҵ
ҵ˼°Ļû뵽պײһ̨Բûôá
ΪɣʶĬĬ߿ȥҰæʰ
ûϵҲСʱ΢΢üƣ۵ԴǲǺۣؼϢòã
ͬʱﱻԲĶͷȥһɿ
ʱ嶯ľһ˲飬ůƣʱĵָ⣬ʧȥǡ
Ծԣ˵ҲУ˵ϹҲУ֮ǲϣһһ붼룬Ѿ˵ôõʱ䣬жʯĳһֱôȥ
ãһؼңںܶܶܶȥ֮ǰܲһȥԸûбˣвУ


 62 

ʱȥ
Ȼ롣
˵, Ӹʶʼ, ͿʼԼҪһȥһٻײƵܻᱻ鵢뻹ͦź, ˾ȻûѧʱһԹһٻ
Ŀǰ֮ź, ʱиϣСڿԻؼҺúϢ˯һ
Ѿ, ´κòãҾ, ʲôʱˣҾʲôʱȥ
´Σ´Σ´Ρ
´Ρ
үܰǿЦ, ɺһһΣŪٳŵ˿տ˵󻰣ûһʵֵġ첻ȥ, ˭֪ᷢʲô
Ҳ, Ҿȥ
˵СżԹִҲɰҪ, ڶ
ʱļⶼˡ
ĺ󲱾ĺԵһ˯һͷԽ, , ´ȥòã
˵ţһŶӹңθźãܴ, Ͳ˰ɣ
һʱļǰθѪţʧӿϣֻˮСè䣬¼򣺡Բ㻹š
ȥ·ϣڸʻɵ㶵ؿǰ治֪ʲôһԣ鷢ڶǰ峺¹ˣ΢΢´β͸޵ίͰ͵ġɵۡ
ʱа仯쵽Ŀĵʱһת·˸طѳͣ¡
С壬ԹһᣬҺܿͻ
ûüʲôԷѾ³첽ˡ
һʱлûл··ƻ˺üûüޣóһ·ڵϹ𿴲·ЩˣҪ绰ͳֻûϵʽ
֪ոƽĪֿʼԥ³첽ʱ뿪ķ׷ȥԽǰԽԽĻңɴ
ûܳԶͿһӰӭ첽
һ䶨ͣ½Ų΢΢Ϣվԭص
ʱкܿߵǰôˣǲǵȼˣ
ҡҡͷ˵ɣͷȥĶˣ
ȥˡ
ʱºܸߣϲóһӿʼװ̫ˣʲô˵ֻţʱæֹ¶Ҫڸɡ
һͷˮ
ţʱдӺϸĶôȼˣ˸ӳʱ忡ݣ⵹ӳ۾˸ǡ
ԭҴ³ôԶΪȥһŮ
ɵɵ֪ηӦʱֺǺ԰ŽִӺóһȼ
ҹɫ£кôŮɵģĪɰ
ֱ֧ȼˣѹСΪʲôȥ
ʱ֧ȼգЦһûб䣬ʵģôùȥˣԼûеֿ
ΪʲôȻҪȥԻ
ͷ֧˵
ʱҡŮ죺С壬ҸһǰһһûǡεҲûҳһٻҲźûܸ㿴һ̻
ϧʱԣ̻㻹£ֲ˽ȼ̻طĺùҲ벻İ취ֻܸݸŮСˡ
ܿ죬ʱеҲȼˣӽԱͰ֣Ȼֻʱģȶ쵽ˣһȥ̻˵̻һαһθôֱʣһһÿһܴˡ
ԣô꣬һֱûȥ𣿡ɤ
ûаʱ˵ǴǺæģпרڳʱȥ̻ѽ˵һ˿ûʲô⡭
ȻסԴԼʱ˶סˡ
ֱԷѹֵĳҭУ̧֣رסС塣
ȥˣԴӻصÿһҶȥΪҼǵһˣҺþúþãȥһ̻ʧԼˡ
Ŀǻʱһ۵÷սֱ۽ڻУοһһڷûµС壬ûϵģȥ͹ȥˣԺʱ仹еǻȥ
ǲһˡ޵ڷֹ̻һǷö࣬һûüŬһǷһըŹǣһԼᣬҳŵԺٶǲôãҶûе˵һ䣬ϲ
ĺϲررϲʮһ㶼һʮ꣬ʮ꣬Ҳֹͣϲ
һŮصصڵϡ
ĸһһĿڣʱҪܲԼԽӼٵĺ
ޣֽŷΪۿˮ¶ﵽͨ죬Ŀѡ
ʱΪϲ˵ϲһ¿ĵ飬ĵ¥ȥٳʮȦʮȦЦһҲû취й
ĵʱףԭֻлϲһ飬ظóԸܳе˵ʮȦһȦҲû취ֻôһֱߣ粽룬ЦһЦͲˡ
С塭ҵС塭
ǵһһ£ֻŶԷ䷳ĻӦܸܵԷʵʵĴڡ
Ҳϲ㣬ϲϲ
С쵰ǣҪҵˡ

ԢһסźʣȻٶһҲԵӵһ˵㡣
ŽȥƵһ˲䣬ʱоͿ̨ϰһľܽء
ڸոչȥãл˴룬ֻϡϡ仹Ųϵ㣬ϧʱⲻ棬Ѿǰܵļ
ʹȻڲ֮ǰƬ̨ʻõģ
ʱеĿ֮ȥã޲źҪǿ缸죬ܿÿӡ
Ҳ󡣡ʱתͷЦĶǶˣʱóԵġ
ɵصͷСβһಽ߽򿪱䣬״Ĵ󵰸˸档
ʱкµʲôֲȷֱϸСΪ˸ףġҽԺ죬һûüԡ
ҵģǸʱûм氡
ֹ죬ȥÿһգҶ򡣡վʱ󣬲Ҫתס·ͷסıԼͨһƬգҲҪףտ֡
ʱоԼĺòˣʲôʲôСǰȫ˹ƨȴĿΪһ仰ͱγøɸɾܵôǹңȶöֵá
С壬ҡ
ǸҲˣȳȥˣ
شѸٷſת뿪ʱлͷֻü͸Ķеͷʱ¶ͬ糺Ĳӡ
һʧЦָһͷŽζȾζ٣ò˼顣

ˣһ
͵⻹Ҫһٱ
лҪ˵~

 63 

Ӱζ, ڿ򿪵, ĿҲ̲סҪƮ
ϲطˣԷؼң, ˣ֪, ԭҲһ, һֱһֱϲ
·һǰ, 붼ȴû뵽Ȼʵˡ
죬ôôҸ౻һԳ򣬿ֵһɡ
ΪԼ侲һ, ʱлڳæµʱ䣬ԡϴ˸裬һͷɵͷ, Ѿڰ
̳, һĿⶢšƤ, ܿסˣʱУǶҸʲô
ôôʳûʱмһ˿Ž˵ˣèף
ûСüͷè鷳ġ
ʱв, ˳Ļ£úú, è˰ɣ
ܾﲻԣҲﲻԡ
ˡ
㬵ͷ, ķ
극ʰ꣬ʱѾӽʮ㡣
ʱ׼뿪ҲվһֱߵſڣϢģʱһͷûײ
ôˣ
Ҫȥˣ΢΢ͷʡ
ʱеͷ᲻Ұ
ΪԴ˵ҲеģҸؼҲһ
ֱ׵ĴҪ׾پܰ˻ˡ
ʱкһϣĶˣȷ֤˵Ըһؼң
ͷ
ǣǲǿһһӶ᲻øҷֿ
ͷ
ʱаۣ͵ЦţȻǼǵزģСѣʦûн̹㲻ޱˣ׸˻ؼң
ϢһȻը
ҧ´˺ܴŹֱѣҲ𣿣
ʱضסţʲôʱ򡭡
ڸոաһһ٣Ϩ֮ǰԼġ˵ͣһ룬תȥʱУѣѾ˺ܾúܾˡ
أԸ𣿡
䣬վͱ᲻صҧһڣҧˡ
ӻûѸղŵĻأ㲻׼˵
ʱеͳڶըΪҪܾίĲУŲΪʲô
һ룬ͱֻӦ˵ôȿڣ
ҵıѣչһӣһӵ֣òã

ԡԼˮȫע
һж̫˼ˡ
һҹ֮еĲ˳ĶԶȥǰ˵ֻвпֵʵڶӦõöЩʵ
Ǹ˵ңɼڱѣǻһֱһһҲֿӽ󣬻̤˴˵סһ£ÿ춼һ극һɢһ˯һ
סֿʼ̵գԭϴĿ֮һԼ侲趼ϴˡ
ץңһ˼Ƶҵʲôɢһעɿ췭̨ȻиϤһæ˼£ȻһƵڲʱм߷ʵ
ң濴
ʱгʱ򣬾ͿСѱɳϣ΢΢Դ֪ʲôӻЩ֣ڲһա
£Դ󹷹һȥͷλСǲҪҪʱ籧ȥ˯
˵ԼЦˣ¥˸ز䣬ͼתԴǽţۿͨ죬˫·һͻ޳
ʱĶˣϽ壺ôˣҵСްǲﲻ
գ۾ͬʱ˽ʱлסĲӣ˫˫ɳ˵ĵһüɬʱлûӦ;ôһ̡
͵СҧƤˡ
ˮ䣬˶˿ɬζ
ʱ§ܸܵɢıˣȴ֪ôˣҪοֱǼµ޷ڣֻܱػֲݾܾȨ
繲ȾаĵЧܿ侲Թſϣĵȫ硣
ֿʱʱǣҵıôͻȻѹˣԣʱ˵˵
һ˫۾ʪģβźɫҲΪĹͱúһֻͶС¹޷ſֱ·𲻹ʲôᷴ
֪ʱ򲻶ԣʱлǿɳܵ˷Ӧ
˵ѹϣ仯ĸ֪
ǣĿҪѪȴǲŲĿ⣬ִʼն
ʱ̵úʹ࣬ɴఴĲԼ򣺡ԹԣòãΣհ
㲻Ҫ𣿡
˵ĥĵĻӿܵÿ챬ըһ˲£ܸо˵仰ʱкˡ
֪֪Լ˵ʲô
֪Ӧö𣿡Ҳ֪ԼĶϥϲ£ͬʱɬּᶨʱ磬ɡ
ĺ뿿һ㣬ٽһ㣬Զֿ־롣뿪̫ˣõڵһж˵ΣһʱпѹΣһжԲùͷܾãܾʵֻ㱧ҵʱҲаȫС
ɣòã
ܻ֮ﱻ˵̵ʱһ顣ļ˰ô΢Լŵ͵
áҪʲôҶ㡣
ÿһ缡ֵöĤݣ̹£˷ۺɫߵҲҪŶޱһ̣ǳ㰺ͷſ죬ʱָָ죬ͷ֮ĺᡣ
ʹеģǻ㣬ͬʱӵ˶ԷȫܴʱԷÿһβÿһϢΪԼ
˲֪Ĺ̫õô̵ס
һ㷭ȥŪӿңٵԡңİÿһ͵ȲѣÿһƲסйĵõĴ
һֱҹʱһˬرƣü۵߳ԡңӻزĽĿݣɨһۣһNɪظ˰ж㡣
ưˡ
ʱȻЦ۵һڣԭҼСѽ
ԺģΪĿʶֱ̧סĲӡǱʶĶòųԱĳЦ
СŵϣȻԼȥ̽ﱧá
ΰѻ˵ʲôʱдսˣһֱظż仰
Ҳǹⲻҵ
Ұˣ־壬ЩʱҲûãǺܺ£ֻ뿪ˡ
뿪֮ÿ춼㣬ҵ
ʱеͷ۽ǣıοС壬ûֻҪ㻹ߣ뿪ңʲôˡ
˾͹Թ˯ʱأһֱġ
˯ɡ
οãڰ𽥱ƽȣ˯
ʱЦЦ˸ԼЩɵøȻͷŻ˷ǳǳζ硣


 64 

ڶʱѾӽˡ
˯һ, һ˫Ŀ۾, ȻԷˣƿܾá
ҹļ֪ӿëݺݲ˲, ЩȻԴʱл, ֻһдߵķ
ô˲ңҹ۸е, ɤɳƺ˼ʱɬ
ʱ˵첻ݼôۻ, öϢһ¡
һ˵û̧ͷˣ˵ʲôʱһû壺ʲô
ץֱ, Աһƹˤ˵ʵҲûкۣ
ţʱɻ󣺡𣿿ҳʱһܵ˯ˣô᲻ۣ
Ҫȼ, Ƶʱ, ˡ
̫ɰˣôôɰкӰ
ʱбסЦ, ϲòУһڣúãǷ, ˵˲˵ˡ
ڵض˶, 䵽ĳһ٣ãȻ޴̧ͷ, ʱ׼ʱ̵ͷ͵˸ʪ簲ǣֱ˲ûͷתŷſ޹գ۾ˣåӦҲƲˡ
Ϊת㿪ǵ§סӣСèһһһ򢣬ϸƲ֪䷶
åҶˡ

һϸӬʱ磬ҿԵġ
㿪ģҪģֻҪУҶԺޱĸ㣬Լ
ʱв̲סˣҪ
ҺǻڡСҹһΣѾùˣҪĻ
۾һѸ·ΪҼС彡ҾȥͣԹ˯һ˽㡣
˵ͷҲسţһɵڴϣû
𴲶ʱΪģӱڳ·Ȼȥϴϴ̨ϣˢ֣Һ־ᶨؾܾˢʹȨ
극ʱѰ˼ǴȥɢɢڼϢһ£Դ˼ƻ˵Ҫȥһط
ĿĵڳǽҽԺ붨λʱʱо;Լµʲô
ȥҪһСʱһʼܳʱ˵˵ʮӺͳŲס˯ˡʱеͳάĵ绰ʱ´С˯㵥ַϡ
᣿ʱУ㿴΢ûάզզʱ̲ס²ӣٴε
ûüôְˣ
ǵġά˵ϲˡĲɷݲ֮ȶ÷ɿ죬ҳ˸ѣ㡣
ʱһôţƣͦõģٺ֮ǰһ
ά˼ⲨҪ˼ʧˡ
ţ
½òҲԺԿǿתȥ˵顣
˵˻
˻Ǵ̫ˣСһжÿ޵ϡﻩǻûüˮѾʼһߵĶ½ǸӪűĲʲôˮˣСĹѾ˾֪ϲջһۣۣcpۡ
Լİܳɹ˶ףǳþãоʲôʱܴС¶¶ҲһõСʲô
ʱЦתͷ˯һõСл˵ɣУСеģء
񾭲άЦп˾һˣһº˳㼸¾籾ˣĽȸ췽Ҳ㷢뺯⣬Ҫˮˡ
ڰڿû취߲ں̵ǰͣ£ʱתͷԴΣɵøЩ
а佱һȥ;籾˰ɡ
ôҪݼٶ£
ݸвУʱЦ˵׼ȦؼˣȻҰֵСҪˣʱãʢʱˣҾһֱűӰ˧ӣͦõġ
άɵۣðһԼ˵˺⣬⼸˼
˼¡
ǰһϵرû⣬ڲһڼҵˣҲܻǰһΪ겻һμҰ룬ûǳĿƹȽʺҡ
άԼܵս̳й˾壿ʲôΣ
ҲܣֻҪڼңҶˣҸ˵ʲôֲ

Ѿ䲻ضԣ׼ɡ

ģӣ

ҽԺſͣóʱдÿñӽһ³ҽԺ
ǰֵ̨ǸʮµĻʿȻض֣Сˣ˵ʱпһۣЦһμѹء
šͷ˵ô
ʿͦõģйԹԳԷҲûкڣҹҽ˵˯Ҳ࣬جδеʱˣüҹȥʱʲôʱ˵ˡ
˵ţһλỤʿ߹ŮʿæһԼİ࣬Ŷߡ
ʱĻӦøո˯ѣһʱȽȶ׷ʱҲϵˣȥá
Ӧţں棬һȣʱڱ˿ĵط͵͵ǣֶġ
ڰο
һȣһ£һĵ΢Ц
ſڣʿţһƲŷͷ˴Ůڴ߶Ŵɿݵҷ
䰲ÿ£ֻȸߴߴȥǲΨһˡ
ȥɣ״ȥ칫õ㶫һٹʲô״弸á
ʿ˵뿪ˣ߽͵ͽһŮתŵĿⷺϲɫ
СС
ţ裬ˡ
˵ǰ£ס֣ͣ߶ôˣǲѧϰ̫أûϢãǳԷûԱҸ˵ɲУСؼǳ壬ôԿԼء
ʱֹţ󰲰վһ߿ĸ˵
ҽԺǾԺ·ѾŲµˣֻǼ׼Ŀʱû취̹Ȼܡ
̫࣬ͷ׷Ʊͬ˸ԣһ˫۾ģ·ʲôҲ壬ʱʹϾ˵ź˻ˣĶǲˡ
ˣĸ׷ˣ뿪ʱʮ갡ôЩµģ
ʱоԼڲ룬һ룬ܵô
裬ҹúܺãԵĺ˯ҲãûݣѧϰҲˣ㲻õңúúչԼһᾭġ
˵ţ̧ͷʱУ裬ҽ첻һ˹ģһˣҲˡ
ʱժֺñǰ̣ʱУСȥǶ䷹ģǵ𣿡
Ŀڿʱʱɿ˸һ£ֻһ˲ָֻ״̬
Са֪СĺѣллСϰΡ
лҪ˵Ⱥô~

 65 

ʱдкûٿ, ʱ䶼ĸ˵, ԼԹһߵˡ
˵ûʲô߼ģһ˵һ, Цţżһ, ȫûвͷ
ǹĻʿܿȥС, иĿ嵥, Ҫǩ֡
õġ
վʱ˵ʱ磬ȥǩϻһ¡
ȥɣŰ̡
Żʿ뿪, ϵȸ֪ʱҲˣ°û˶ʱĻ, ͷָʼ
һ, ʱǰλ, 棬Է̧ͷЦ̡
ҺСһˡ˵, ŵúܿ, СԳӦе𾴡
۾ûпڡ
ʱһ̣ҵʮ, òײ°λ֪Щߵüѣδʱһһֱչһһ˿ί
С̫̫ˣϰΪ˿Ǻܶ࣬˵ãֻδ̫ۣ׳ԿģԺˣһӵеģܹõͨͨʲôҶᾡȫ֧°ǣ
̣һһֱԶ뿪ԣԷĵİңһһֱܺúܺãļţҲܿˡ
ʱһһĳŵĶӺܿͷԼģһָһָȥֱʱ˵꣬ҲûиκλӦ
ˡ
ʱԾĸӵ
裬ҵȻȥˣ´ݼ㣬ǵúúҽʿĻչ˺Լ
Ķְ꣬·ʱһͬ뿪
˺һʿżŵӽͿһŴήɫ档

θѪһʱһҽԺʱоͽӵʱҫ绰ͷһͨ
˵ʲôţ㲻ҪȾƲҪӦ꣬ҪʲôԴʲôԸһУڵãԼȽҽԺ˵ҴͨһңҰ谡
ʮ㣬߶ܸܵ
ʱεؽֻԶЩԼŮԱСοŵӡ
ĺ鱦
һͨ𱻵ƨʱҫû취ˣ˵㣬Ҹ찢̻Ǭķɻϵңǵûһ
ʱйСĴֱָܾŤŤһ䣺УǵôСһԺҪһģϤҲá
˵ɿ˵绰ȫڵĻᡣ
ô𣿡
ʱֺǺҰǽˣ˵ҪҴؼҳԸ
ôҲŸȥ裬ڸֵһؼҼְ˰ɣ
һ·ҳû취˼쵽ſ˲ŻʱУһû׼ã̫æˣʲôﶼûҲû·
ûϵӹսţʱгļɣҰǼҵˣһ˲ںЩ񡣡
Щܰοˡ
֪ҪڿţߵſڣʱԶԶͿͦŸӸƵվǶһжͲҪȥļиģ
ҵġ
ʱֻЦҲǾñط꣬ԴӼ𣬻ûúأ
ʱǣߣƮƮ˦һۣʲôɺģ
һNɪҫıЦˣҰ죬ŵô˵ҲͬѧǾɿòã˵ϾҲǶ׹ģʱûɹѣȻھûˡ
ʱʼ磬Цü⣺֪˵ҲʱҾ¥أ

ɵؽĿתԷ죬ĬĬͷǸʱ¥ˮš
Աˣǳ˳飬ת첽صɳ¡
ʱЦúô
ʳĶʱԸҪ׼иж㣬ȥ֡
С壬𣿡
ûüӦ˵ˣеΣգԼɡ
ϴ𣿡
ҡ
Уϴྫ֣Ƿϴɡ
˿𣿡
û˵ȻвУΣգ˰ɡ

С壬㻹ǳȥɣ죬һ˸㶨û⣬òŰæ
ĬĬҳƤʼʱ磬СѶ֣οѾʮˡ
ʱǣ²˵ܹһܻȥСѣһ˵Сѡ
Դһʱо͵һΪ֢Ĳ̲סҪ׽ױ뿪߳ӾͿʼлƵˣžͲġ
Դ˻ϲգż²㣬ʱճŻǺܿĵġ
ʱרϣǫ̃ͷһȻʣʱ磬Ϊʲôʲôң
ţʲô
ҵΪʲôǶΪʲôУΪʲô㡣
ʱƫͷǲõľ𣿡
ͷ
ʱ˵ҲʣҲ˵Ͳȥһ飬ѹ龭һξˡ
Ҳ㡣ִе£ҶҪ㣬
ҲʱҪҪһ˵ȥ
ҰˣΪ˷Ҫ裬ҺͷǷֶһ٣Է߳ŭˣ׷ǵʱ򣬵·ˤˣҲʱʼ⡣
ҰǵǮϣ˵裬Ǳ˾Ϊû֤ݲû취Ϊ˶ǣֻѡ뿪
ʱã֪ô죬ĲԽԽأҶϲһܾҲӰüҶŪʵûа취£ҰȥҽԺ
϶˵ţȻʱһڣͣޣԿǣأ
ʧЦΪıɢ࣬ЩζıԹҽѧԺĺܸߣֻƴѧϰҺƫƧ߿мӷ֣ҲŵԳɹȥ
ٺҵҾʹһֱڡ
˵ĺܼ򵥣ʱҪʮصô򵥣˶˵ڵĿ֪
С岻ѹͲʣȫʲô֪
Ϊʲôûң
ƺ⼸ѻشͷ˺ܾã˵ʱ磬ҴˣҿȥӣΪǡҽԺ죬ҾΪѾһˡ
ʱԸʱ׹УΪΪ˴ôãҪȫгĻݡ
Բ𡣡
һֱǸʱղͰԴȥĲӣֱ˶ЦŰݡ
ô˵ø׵ҰɣҪҰָ찢̵£ҲᡣҪһ³
Ȼ᲻ãûҪԼ
Ҳû
ʱ˵û뵽˭ҲǹҪ뿪˭¿Ե֣Ƿֿʮ껹һӦõң𣬸׷˭Ρ
ǰ¶ȥˣδһƬãס˼룬Ժ͸ʱ죬֤һǣ֪
šʹͷ֪
ʱһ£
ŽŴȥһǣȻŽ
תͷȥͼ췼ЦӯӯԶǵ˵ͷȻˣ˳ѺҪżһȥ
ʱҫһ£ָųôˣ˵ҪСû棿
ڣ㣬ǵٽȥòã
ʲôģ
ȥϴϴ֣ˡ

ģĶԻʱͷſҪð̵С壬ֿ˻
лҪ˵֪Ϊʲôٵ
Ϊ׼Сո꣡ȥ΢ǰ~ǵû

 66 

Ϊż, ֱϲ糺춼û, Էʱͷüͣ޲ðԼ
ǬͱŸ֪ˣǽһ, жҪ, ˬ, °, ϻӴ򿪾͹زϡ
˵һֱΪ㲻ˣϾʮûϢߵԶ, شﲩĶң٣û뵽Ե־ôתתǻˣ
ѽǿ׻, ôûͦ, 뵱Ҳǵ, һǾǸĽû뵽ʱ꣬ǾȻһ˵һԷ, ˵ţţƣ
˵, ҺˡߵʱʱзӲûһ˵Ҫһֱء໣, Ҹ
ƤЦⲻЦʹɫҪҶǰɣ˵ǲԴȱĺĺ
Ǭû״ĺû
ְһţ죬úóԷ
ŶаɡίίԷ
תͷο֪ģѧǻ̵͵ϣһ˲˵ʲôͦܡ
ҡҡͷ˵ûйϵ
ʱҫ͵͵ãȻһԷʱֱôô£Сͷ֪չŵ֪ԳԳԣûԱ
ʱбһˣһ˺üŹǷŽ˵㲻˶ϱ˶ӣ
ʱҫΪסԺûʱ˵תʱѵõĺͰСӾǲ£ͷչˡԺңһϰûϵξͺˣþнһͺá
ǣУʮǰлͬͬѧˣǧڡ໣ôֲң
ֹȣˣǱƱƻ費ҪһµһҼҵʱ򶶵ñӶ˲ȵ
ţ㻹ұĺĺھҺˡ
˻
ϴұ졣
һһ˫ƵģɹЦˣŵԷɡ
ţ֪ллʱ塣
췼Ѳ°һ£ˮ⻻ǰ˵СҽԺɡҽϰ࣬ƽʱһעʳԱЩԼչ˺ãܺúչ˲ˡ
ѣʱҫм£ˣСϰ๤󲻴۲ۣҪʵ࣬ҹ˾ϰɣ㰲ɵĹǱǮ̫ƴȻ˾еˡ
ɽ鱩ĹذֲҪܾʱΪ㹫˾жȱˣ˸ǬȥˣڻҪСҲȥûҽƲҵСȥʲô
ʱҫȱҾ˵ҽ࣬һõܺĺü죬Ϊ̫æû취ʱԷʱ°࣬ôĶУ
ô˵ȫ˶ҽˣôõŵõβ˵ʸĶ˵ͷǰɣҽ
Цͷͣšʱ˵Ķԡ
ʱбͺܿģ˸Ϻʣ˵ˣʲôʱԷúչԼҽǶǱ˼ҵҽҹܲţҼһúÿţͱˡ
ĵ¿ηΣʱҫˡ췼Ϲһαʱжµ˵ʧЦţǺúӣ֪úչԼͶԷУ˵ľͲǲˡ
ҹȻޱˡ
Ի˷ǬѵôҾһ𣬾ȥʱһϷҲֹҪǽȥǷ䣬浽Ҷû
գǬֲˣһڣֶڱϸûıֻųСȥˡ
ڴϵƵȥӺ󣬷ٴαƿǬ°ȥͷɥػأίòС
ţʱǳӲҽȥĶĶš
Ŀ
ԴشЦ
ڷ䣬кë޵ϣмһĻֽȫǲͬͬһˡ
һŷȥӵһ󣬻ۿɼٶڽվŵģŵģ˯ŵģŵģãȻģĵģ̬һÿһŶ
漫ˣÿŶͣþãֱ󣬶ŹһãȻԾȻֽϡ
ԭ㵱ʱҵƬΪ
ǰʱ쳤һ𿴣˺ô󹦷˺öŲŻɵģϾûϸѾǸˡģϧһûͳȥͳôʱ䡣Ҳôϲ𣿡
סĿ⿴˺þãȻ˹ʼʩ§סڵ̺ϡ
ʱ˳ıôǲǱҾտĻ;˵ж˵
Ĳӣʱ磬Ѿʮˡ
ţʱ֪
Ҳ뵱ް㲻Ҫҵᡣ
ʱоԼ޹аɣѻң͵ûҲˡ
УʹҡͷͳĶôҪȥҵˣ
ֱ˱ˣĸоʵ̫ãʱбЦãġ¶ҵĻʲô񣿡
˵Ҳл㡣
ø
ڼأȻȥٸòã
ʱй˼һ£Ǻãһ춼ҪϢ
̧Դ۾ʲôϢ
ʱ컵Ц⳥
һ䣬Ѹٽ˵λԵΪѹڵϣǵ̰
˼ɵһ֮ʱбԾ˳Ϊˣ˭֪ĳֻǰӶỻһַʽ־ʱȻһַʽһδν͵۷塣
˵õĲ۸ȻϴЩŵͲˡ

ʱţ͹˼󣬺ܿ͵˽񽱰佱ľٰա
ص׸һȥ
λúܳɹԶںСҲյϢΪѧУûżٲܸϻһٴޡ·ɻʱʵĴ绰˽һҪһʱոҪæҪһСױǩ
ʱӦ£˺ðŹҵ绰
ãʡ
ǰʱƲ죺˵СѶô£ΪСԲȷʲô˧ʲôзǳ˧ô㵽ըѵĸڣȻҪ˵ǩȻŮ첲ⶼյġ
ʧЦ
ȻкܶͶɹĪĴ׶Ҫԡ
׶ֵ꼾˺ִʱµúʵ
ٷ˿֪ʱǽĺ࣬ڻţԶԶ˳ˣ߸߾ӦԮһߴһߺΧȥܿѳȥ·µˮйͨ
άϽкȥֻΪ˿̫ǲⱻ˼޹˳ʱһЩˤ
ʱעϣۼֿ콫˷סڻƢЦų˿ѹѹƣ֪ңϻ侲һЩŵˡ
˵ţָָˣҫƵЦһڰоλŮСŮҼСˡ
лҪ˵ƪ¿˵ˣҺÿģ
˵õܰҲ֪ôдôŰлûз
⣡һˣʲô뿴ķңҪ׼סֿԷڽᱻʮСʱⲻ֣
ۣص㣡ص㣡ҵԤŶ~ٺ

 67 

һ, ŽעʱлǸϡ
ʱ԰Щ, ҲͦΣϴźʱлɫͬɫϵ£Ƥ͸, Сñһͨߴĺɫס˴ţһ˫ͺÿ¹۸ͻһĺˮ, ɾγǹ, ֻһ۱ŲĿ⡣
ͬñͬЬ, ͬɫϵĴţʱбζǿĶԣһʾкʲôݡ
Ǵη֮󣬼ȫ綼֪ʱиĸα, в죬к棬ȴûʱܾ˴ģشߡ
Ĭؼ尲һʱ, һ, кͻƷݶ, ׳ۣ౾׷ǵ·˶̲ס߿һλʢ
ʱ磡һõС𣿣
Сúÿ, úÿ, úÿ
ʱǺð䣡ҾóʱɩλˣһҪþõİ
ʱ磡ɩӣߣѽ
ʱǰ㣡Զ֧㣡

˶ڵķ˿ֱ׵ù֣һĬĬŵСҽ, ҲϰʱСҪϵʽ̣֪ҪҪòӦǡ
ʱ˾ռߣڶˣ뿪Ц棺Ȼܸлҵֺ֧ףҪһ㣬ǡҵġһõС磬ǡǡðɣ¹ʱأϽЩ
ĩ˵ͷͬС˵ʲôܿ˾ͼλ󣬱ʱһ§ż뱧ڻɬֳ̧ǻ˻ӣڳ˴˸к
˫۾𻡶ȵһɲǣ˿ûܰѳס漯ǽˡ
ʱжԴȻܣ˵һˣһǷţ𲻴
ںά￴ǰĳ޲õȫһҫһһõСѵɹ
Ȼֻôһᡣ
ǵĳͣڻ⣬˿һ·ͳȥŷΪ˺ͳ̫࣬ǵĳûͣλãôһƬܹȥ
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