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ұˣǣһһݣħڵ
֮ΪѰ֮ȥһ޾֡
·һģرαϹ˵Ľޡ
ǽñһÿҺܼ
ֻҲķϣһ˳˫֮һԾǣ˸
Ȼǽȴʱǵʮ
֮Ϊ˴λ߲ʵδȥһʿȻҾͿǸҾȹĽվڼαϯУϺȻдǸδ֡
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ƭУ˰ɡ
ɾʱҷԼˣӾȻ򲻵
Ҹٳ׵ĵ졪
Ǹδֳ
촽³ĸ֣ס
ңǺǣûˡ
òֵһƤƤϺܡֵһڹ
׷޻᳡
գ
ȼ֣𵤣ԪӤ飬(ʦ)
ݱǩ    ˬ
ؼ֣ǣ£񣩣ƣ  ǣ  
һ仰飺Ҵ޸˱
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1 
ʦΪ˻飿


һʱ֮ǰ
콣
Ӿ
Ӿǰ΢΢֣Ӿڵķ羰¶һ˿˼顣
һ޴ĵɫ鷨ľͥԺϻתܵʯǶԵļƷʯ
ʯǽÿġ
Ӿǰǵ˽ʯ·ҲĲƷʯҲǽҽġ
ˣʯĵשĽ滨ǷԺɵѩ棬ζҷţܹ
ɵؾѰöʮ磬ʮϣ˽µС͵Ӿӡ
֣ԵüҶӾ˵Ŀء
ɾʮ֮ǰӾ콣ǰҹӲǱȡµĻԼ
һʱ䣬³ȫ콣޴½Ц
뵽⣬̲סǮƯСһҲôʯ˵±˶С֣˸򹷵˿ˡ
Ҳˣؼ˵ûУ¾ͱȽϲˡ
˼άˣĿһᲽߵӾǰ
վ֮΢΢һЦָֻƽģʦô
ãӾڴһ쳣ƽɤ
£
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°ִЦЦɫʮᣬȴֱʴʦ֣ʮǰΪҪ˻飿
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µһᣬ˵Ǵʦ֮ұʡǸɤٴ
Ҫʣ
üͷһȻ
ֹãڽΪԼλʦֶЩ⣬׼һεʱһ緹Ĵ𰸡

£

ԼԼôͣƷģֻ֪Լʱɫ̫ÿ
ǲܴģҲС
Ͼ⻹콣ڵĵ̣һ𵤣ù˭ù˭
ֻܵȽҳֹˡ
ɽûϵ߸մͣƷյԽļ顣
¼״ɵ΢΢һЦ϶ǽ֪۸£Ҫֹˡ
Ȼչһˡ
д£Ҽףǧˡȥĸ׵ɽׯסϼ££ΪԻ
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Һðڽͺף콣ݴ½ţҲһֱû
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뵽⣬ۣЩ䡣
Ϊ˽ҲڸһֱŬһ˵󣬿ڿ⸻ǵȥ˰
󣬽Ŀ΢Ӵָͳֻ·д˼ַŷ˳ȥ
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˺ӵĻȴ̾һ˸ѩ׵ë˲䡣
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΢΢һ͡
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½ᡵšԼҲ·ϱأױ¶ħڹ
µЦϡ
˵꽭±׼תᲽ߳һȻһ£ͷ½һЦ½壬Ұ¡
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Զȥ½ɽׯſھĬƬ̧̣һӣɫ·ƮѶ
½Щдַ֣ŷ˳ȥ
գЩѶϵѶϢܷɱ


2 
±߱߿㻨ղŵִ޾֡
ڵִ޾֮ǰͰǰһСˡ
Ὥ´һɫͨʿۣһСʮֲ۵س޾ǰʿפƬյء
ÿ޾ֿ֮ǰŶñɾӢڴ˽ӪޣԱ޾ִ֮ĺûԵ
µִ֮Ĵɨһۣ̾͸ǸɫϵֳĴŵӪء
콣ڵɫȻģαȵĺɫ񣬷ŵĺɫͷڵĻɫСһ¡
ʣ»вɢС񣬽±½᡽ᣬҲȫϵó
Ὥգգۣ㿪ʼ˼ӦĸСһȥСǻӭɢģʯУݻ
ڵҲ̫ҡһ˿Ͳˡ
ڽѡһȦҪѡһרݵСȥʯʱȻоһɴ뵽Ƭƽϡ
ɫһɵñͷȥ
Ȼ󣬽±㿴һɫۣ̤ƤѥԺڽ۵꽣ޡ
ʿμΪ޳ͦΣ羢һ㣬ɢһɵ˪ѩϢ|¶ڿеƤͬճҤĴзһĨ⣬·һӲԡ
֪ƤĹȻٵԪӤڲеġ
΢΢ۣ룺ְ
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´˿Ժа½ǰѰһ飬ȴûҵһǰλ꽣޵Ľܡ
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ڱ˽ȵǣǵҲȥϽ£ֻܿ۲ˡ

ܿ죬㵽ҹʮ֣޾ֵͨڵڶ峿һҹ󲿷ʿ̫˯š
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ǰҹյ˰µĽ̸һ׮£
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ڽ֮ʣϾ˼Цһʦ˻ΪԸ˵ǰ㲻
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ڽң˵䲻ĻϾ˼δ콣ͽݴ½һ䲻ϽҡǽҸ˲Ŷԡ
üͷ˲塣
Ͼ˼Цһֵν֮壬ǴʦֶҲˣĻԶƲϣҲòš
ЩʿǴͷɫ԰ףֻŵŵ͡
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عͷø¶ϣ¼״ɵһЦ˳


3 
Ͼ˼µЦݺݵ˽һۡ
üر
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Ͼ˼ôһʣȻһ𣬶ʱ亹乣˹
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⻰Ĵȥ˵Σ콣ǱȻ˿ʵˡ
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һЦ±ԼС˽ȥ

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жҪɣǶȴһĸоֻһ롣
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ѹֶ˵޾գйĸоȷʵ˲֪ɾ衣
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4 
ڽŵӴ޵Ĳʱžһ졣
µֱ޺Ľ͵ػУҲ˵ϡ
ɫˡ
ҧŴͷһѩ׵ֱѾһĺۣ۵ý
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һҲ˲ñģæȥȡҩ
ǽ޼һĻҲЩãǽ޵δ
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8 
ڶ峿Ҫ·ˡ
Ĺֻ൱һͨ𵤣û壬һӴЩ˱Щܲס
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һǾöˣһָҹһ㣬
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9 
һ˯ʮְȣﻹμԼɹ壬ص֮ϵŪһò˸ԡ
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½֮һ۱㿴ڵЩڵһٶԪӤϵ޵ġ
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10 
Ҫɫ糣¶Ҫʱᱬ
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11 
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СʦܰҶڰοֻг»ڣΪ»Ҫҹ
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ѵΪǸòƽƽ
ݴ½Ϊ𱰣ΪǿʿжҲ޿ɺǣһ㶼Լ
ƣҲҪΪպ֮·ڣԵȻƽʿ׵öࡣ
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12 
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13 
ȵĵڰӪկ֮󣬾ͱ»ͣشȥҩˡ
ϾһµʱΧľΨһȫϵߵݾۼˣȡһЩݵȻá
ƴ֮ȥֻֿϾ˼ı޵ǸʲôƷ֣콣Ǳ߱еӭˡ
룬ǼҴʦ

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14 
Ȼƻˡ
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15 
ȲɼҩƵҩҪһʱգ֮ǰûеҩ壬¾ʱҪ塣
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17 
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18 
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19 
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20 
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ֱʱףһ֣Ƶľ֡
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뵽⣬±㰴סŵЩˣһԸˡ
áƹ̵ᰴס˽µ֣Ȼ̧ͷɨһȦ
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Ȼ֪Щǳģȴһ˿һ붪ƣ˼ͬͷ


21 
Ǳ׷ɱɿƵĻУ¾Ȼʮְȷġ
ƵĲԽǰȴԽֲԾˣ·ԽԽխ
ʱ̲סץƵӣ֣·ˡ
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Ȼƺǲ³뷨ƺȻһ½µͷȻ͵һסǣܡ
Ҳ
Žµһ˲ĽӲ漴ǿźͷַѪζ
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ļҪƽ̹û¾ƵĻ
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Ͼ˼ͳǰȴҲûץסµ°ڣ¿ʱµ䣬˵Ӱӡ


22 
±Ʒ׹ǳεʹű紵ʹ࣬һѾʹӽָȡ˵ĳ
ۿǰǵ棬˳Ļء
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֪ⶾãɽô㻹һԵؾŽµ֣ǽⶾһſȥ
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ţһŻһ**Уʹҿԡ𣿡


23 
ͫ΢΢סˡ
Լ˵⻰һ˲ݵʧ
֮Ȼ͵صͷ
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ԼԣȴֲܿƵҪѽյøһ㡣
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ʵﲻֻһ¡

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ΪڣҲôѡġ
Ȼ

һ֮ҧЩãȻػɿ˱Žµ֡
ԼҪȵըȴ֪ʲô
ҲˣҲˡ
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סˡû뵽еƷľȻôǿ
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ҧҧٴȥƵţһΣڿҪӴʱ򣬺Ȼƺ񡭡

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26 
, ôɽҶ, ֯ɵĻ˿ѾĻٿһ£һ
żüɣҲֻһԶˡ
µףһ΢ְա
ѩޱһͷڷɢڱԣ¶ѩ׵ݣϻԼ͸һ˿, Ρ
ҹʵ۵úˡ
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糿ѵú硣
һ, 㷢ʮؿ˯ѩϸļɢȵ
ȫ벻Լʲôƣ
ʱϸϸ˼˰, ȴ벻һ˿Ȼʹһ̧⿪Ļ
ξ, źǲһ¶Բ԰׵ǡ
ʱ, Ȼδȫָ, Ҳģµһɫ, 쳣Ѫɫӳ, 쳣
һȻȥ
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ʺѪ˲˳ǳİ۵ȥҲ͸һ
ų˸ѪҺǴ͸ѪɫʧƵɫҲ𽥱ò԰Ҳʼҡҡ׹
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ͷһ˵ķ߳ױȻ㴹ۣɫЩãŽӨӣָ˽µӣԡұһô


27 
ûϵƻʱһҪ
ҹĽѵ, һӦһˣĻˡ
ʱƣдŵ, ԥˡ
˰Σվ˵ͷȻȥֻסƵ
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§ŽӣϢ, ҲӷŵЩ𽥻
¸ܵƽ, ԼŵǿҲɵû
ʱ§ͦεļƵůļ, ̲ס롪ǰʲôأ
˼ɣȴѾ˽¸ݰУ§Žµ, ̰һ˿˿˼ů
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Ǳž͹ôôõĻ, Ϊʲôһ£
Ʊһ, ɫ, ŭҵ飬ܡ
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ң廹ڻָڣȫ˸ͨ͸ëҲǳģֻһġ꣬ͨҲ
΢΢һ¶һ£վûֻǱػصɽ**һͷԼѩޱС
ѩޱڶůһᣬȽӣĲʣȻͱ̼õᡣ
ƣ
±ͷģĨһᣬίˡ
ǰǴû˸Ҷ˻飬Ҳװ
ôֱһ仰˵Ͱ˦ģ
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ҲȷƾƵΪʱҲûĺ
ƲҲǹġ
ʲôҪôԴ
ԽԽԽԽž̲סԼѩޱһš
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СϵƬģ±˸£̲ס˸磬
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±Сôţһֱŵᷴӿһ㣬ۿţŴСؽСޱ˻ˡ
ǼһǸӣ
Сƺ˽µĻƺûҲûҶ͹ɵͷһŽµ֡
§Сޣôţһܵù˲١

ʱУһƬտƽϣͷ죬꽽޳ݵ
ǺɫӰһѵһ㣬ϣżȻ
ƵͷҲȫʪ͸ˣô˿˿Ƶ˪ɫĿϣˮ˳޳ĲɫС
Ѿûһ˿Ѫɫ԰׵һˣһװܡ
Ž²̵ֻĺˡ
ԽԽǲǰ
ʱ޹ģѪڣоԼڶħıԵ
ħһռʶƺ˺¡
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ѡӱܣѡ侲
ѡһȰЩħѹȥȵЩˣٻȥҽ¡
һ**֧ĹҲⱲΨһһϲϵ˿ħ
ѾһΣٷ
뵽⣬͵ؾԼŻ֣⿪˻󣬱һȥ
Ѫ
һƺ֮ƹڵϣˮ˳պͲ䣬ʪ˳Ľë۲סϢ
ܸоԺǸֹնûпڡ
˺ܾãһƬããӮ𣿡
û˻Ӧ
ȴһȻ浹˴У˫ۣˮˢȫ
ʱһԴɤԺе͵𣺡ǵģӮˡ
ٿȻۣɵٴ̽ԺǸʱȴҲûеõӦ
ʱŶͷȻһ
Ȼħˡ
ԽħҲʧȥֻҪ裬ħͲ
뵽⣬¶ǿȻĵЦʱִٵĨһϵˮһϢŽײײȥķˡ

ƻصɽʱ򣬽Ѿѩޱл˯˹ȥС޾ſĲԣתתȥ
ƻʱȫˮʪ͸޳Ӱ쳣Ǳֻڿ˯µһۣоϲкⶼһѬȻĴ紵ɢ˶ůڵġ
ãûߡ
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ʱȻеĽԼϵˮ飬ŻǰȥҪ¡
ߵߣһֱתתȥС޺Ȼʮҧһڣ
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ʱƽü΢壬С޴ֱ׽ӵһȥȴȻʶԡ
ȻҲ˲ôСޣҴҴյ˽ߡ
´ʱɫȻ͸һ㳱죬Զȥʮʻս˲ŷ֣޳ÿüͷţҲЩأϵĺǲ̫
һֱ̧ͣḧ˽µĶͷ
Ȼ̡
ͷ˲Ҳûж˼̾͸ѽ±
еĽ˳һĺƻһ̲һ㻯˿ȥ̣ȺģƤȺһӨķ۰ɫ
ɼҲ˿ûֵζɢһŨǳĻһ㣬һڡ
Ũڵ΢β͸һκ糣ϸܵĺ飬˳͸һ˿Īġ
ֻǿһᣬͷۣܿڿǴԼĴָȡյҩ͵´ߡ
ΪգӺ촽΢΢ſԳֺ˵ɫʮַιҩ
ֻǰҩ΢һ㣬³ζҧһƯİס촽˵ʲôҲϳҩˡ
ƣ
Ƭ̣ƽҩˮӲࡣ
һν㣬ҩˮζֻ࣬ͷһ㣬㶼Ǻ˳ȵˣҲһ㡣
ɼһ㣬ʶģģһӦźÿ΢΢Ʋ칾Ҳҩ
úܡ
ƿŽ糺Сһŵģǳ硣
˰Σ΢΢̾˿һͷҩɵĿˮԼˣȻ͵صͷ˽ı
Ƶı΢¶ȻôסȻе̲סҪˬϢ˱ûйͷһ㣬§ƵĲȥ
Ƶ΢΢һ漴ͱۣ±øЩ
˴һɬҩˮô˳ŽµĺȥϢ
һʼûζȳ֮󣬷Լƭˣյÿ־˻̲סȥƵıҪƷſ
ɽ»أҲûʲôžƱϣ᲻صģȫ͵ڸ
ιҩоԼҲַҹǰ޷Ƶ£ҧҧ΢΢Ϣɿ˽¡
¶Ȼ뿪ʪĴ࣬ЩδȥҩҺȻôʱŪᷭӿȥǺȲֹ
Ƽ״ֻεط˳
±ô߰һڻָ˾󲿷ǣȻյֽŷɤҲܡ
һ뵽˾ȻôػҲǸо̲סһ
ȻҲܱģ̧־һҴкȥ
һű㲻㲻ɽ´
˼ģȭͷһϣһʹ
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±סһüŭ
ƵҲ㾭ô
סˡ
ãҧһ촽ëһʱ䶼֪Ǹø˻Ǹ
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ȻҲֵĵ㡣
ĵǼôģȴôŲţǰԤûС
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ѵһܶĵĶȻûʲô̹ĵĵزǾôزۣҲвʰ
ʱϸϸŽµľʵҲ쵽˽Ĳ
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СϰΨʶ˼ͽһ˼֮࣬ԼħʵֻΪŵ¡
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ᣬҲ쵽ƺҲʲô˼ɽ²˵Ҳ²
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ȻƬ̣ĬĬƿһ뱻ӣֺɣˡ
ƿƿһıӣֿһ۽´ۣȴǴһ˿ɬݣԭһֱŵȻ¡
Ȼƴ΢΢һ˿һƿ˱ӣ˶档
ӵĽ£
ʱ§ס£յе䣬ůЩ
£
а
ڷ߷˼ҪҪһ߳ȥʱһ죬һֱûʲôС޺ȻҲ˱˵Ļ
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´ʧɫץס
һ֮Сޱβͣɽڴ磬ﻹһ޻
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¸ܵƵĽɵõ͵Цһҷѡ
ƣ
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ľͷ˸֮ſƵؿڣ΢΢գۣơ
ƺЩˡ
ƫ»ʱգգۣ֣һ°͡
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28 
¾쵽, ɵ, Ȼװˡ
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¿һģһƲƲԽԽװˣҲ֪˭ҪҪġ
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˰Σ΢΢˴һֱ˪ɫϾȻطһƵ糺죬ȥɷǶˡ
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ʱģȴȷʵǼװģϾ鶯װ졭װɣ
źÿüͷƻ᲻ǸΨʶ޵öˣ
ڽԥʱ, ƺȻڵ, ֱӶ־ͺãصԵġ
£
Źһ, С˵ú
ƣ
ƿŽµģĬãȻס˽µ֡
, ʶʲô
˵úˣʲôɣ
, ֻŽµ, ŵǰ΢͹ͷλ, һ
¸ǲ㱡, ȵţ˲ָ˲ֽסҹץַĿڵЩ¼ˡ
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ڽüҪгֵʱȴһһصҵš
»׻ʱ˲Ȼ¶ŵı̧ͷơ
ţ¾Ͷ˫ޱ͸ӡ
ʱ¶ӣЩԺʲôһס⴦Ҳסҡ
һʲôһͷǰǿ͹ĹͷƵĻȴĪζ
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ʱƽͷڽ¹ĶͷϣͦıĦŽıǼ⣬Ϣȣҷ˵ЩȷʵǸĿġ
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ɽϵС޼һĻ˸ɿһھҧ˵ӣವһˡ

ⲻ˿˿͸ķ϶ɽУһȵϢ
¾ôΧѩޱпƻУ˯ü㣬ͶһƬӰҲһ˿κ죬ģʮɰ
Ʋδ˯ţֻǾĿˡ
һᣬȻۣͷ˯еĽ¡
¿ƻУ˿ûκαܻ䣬צһһĺڷɢǰдһ˿˿㡣
ƾƬ̽µݣɵñ֣ḧ˽µĲ
ǵĸ
޳ָĶֻ΢һһ㱡ķɫƤ
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ָǰƬƿ֬һļ̲סȥ²⽭µжÿ
漴־ãʵҲ̫ÿģͺܺá
Ͼôס
콭¾Ȼ˵ףʵԼǰ׵ÿİɡ
뵽⣬ƵĴ߾ǲɵõһЦ⡣
գƻԼŽߵָ֣ƽ߱ƿĺۼ
żҲԹ
ǽ綼õ
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±ôţԼЩȣأȻһ޵ĺɽ治ԶһԽԽ
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⺿˲һѳѩޱס˽£Լ̧ۣһУĽס
һеķǡˮµʱ
§ƵĲӣüͷ΢壬ѵЩࣺѵ޳
սеĽü޳ûţʲôָӡ
Ȼжָӣ
ƵƺǣҲȷ
£
޳ȻڵɽԽԽԽԽ
ڶǰ˲ƣ˶ҪΪЩǳˡ
ôɺϣ
̲סսеĽĶ΢΢һϸ
µ涼ûбͨ·ȥֻᱻЩһֱ׷ͷҲмֻᡣ
Ǳ֡
Ʋϸ롣
廹δȫָû취ǸңѪ࣬ҲǰҪô߽ƴȡʤĻἫΪã
ǡ
նͱһѰס֡
㲻Ķ
ţ־ͣ˵ҪٸҶһˣҾͳ޳㿴
⻰Ȼ˵ģҪŻһơ
ƽüһս˽µֵǶҸ
⻰һЩĺȻİ
ǽ¾ץƵ֣˵Щ˿Զȥ
ʱԵɽǿһۣȴȻֵС޵ϿտҲ
£
üͷһ壬֮ʣƺ˼һӣС޺Ȼʹɽ˽
һƵһȴȻһɫҲ˼֡Сôֳȥģ
Ľأ
ȻƬ֮Щޱ̤Ĵ
ϸ룬־ͶС޼쵽
Сͷ˽һۣգգۣವһ¾˽µļ
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ǽðĵһҲΨһһͷ
Сôɧ֮󣬽³𾪾ǴһƬհףҪʹˡ
˶û뵽ǣСôһ֮Ⱥ˻ͱȴȻͣ
һӣţͻýеˡ
ܿ죬΢΢˼֣һʮŵͷ漴Ťͷһ۰ͷϵСޡ
Сͦ˦β°ͣģʮֽ
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СԺͷ
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СỹצӰһ½£ʾһ¡
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Ҫҳȥ΢΢鴤
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С޼״еżˣ͵ͷһҧס˽µ·קקɽ⳶
µһæСһץҧ·ùأ
Сգգۣίˡ
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С޼·գգۣߴ·һͨҽС
·С޵ĻתڽǰʼطŴȦȦ
ϸıƬ̣ЩĬˡ
ʱʣôˣ
ü˼˰ΣСһ˵ޱٶˣ޾ֵ˥ߣӲȥĻֻеϣܽǳȥ
ƣ
һᣬƳѱ
µҲ˵ġ
⻰˵꣬С֨ҽһԵ·꣬·
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С޽еøˡ
˺һᣬ·ķ룬˵ǰһλŮȡͨ챮
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ܿ컹Ƕȥ·С޵Ļ
Ůͬ˴򶷣СɳĮݣаͨ챮µףһС磬µ׵ȴҲϲȥˡһΣ޾󿪷ŵĻᣬҲȥİ취µ׵ﶼһ
±ϵﵽ⣬ɵõһƵɫҲ𽥳
ţݾýûˡ
ΪС˵ͨ챮ϢԵˣܹ¿ʣµİͨ챮Ӧþҵȥİ취
Ȼ֪ԼΪʲôͨ챮ζΪһͨ챮ϰغ󣬱ʲôûֻ´һ׿ԲķţȻš
ôһֱϰ׷ţȻҲͬͨ챮˼ϵ
ǣɫҲЩأƼˣҲֻǾĻȥҲ޷
Ȼعһƣֿһ۰ͰԼСޣȻĿ⶯˶Цô֪Сһﲻǹƭǳȥ޵ģ
΢΢һû˵أС޺Ȼõͷݺڽ¼Ͽһڣ֨ҽС
۵üͷһ壬㿪Цѣô׸
Сޣ
ԼЦŴһС޵ԴҪŪҲô󣬶Բԣ
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Сģһֶ˼֣оСӦòġ
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ôޣȻûй˼ϴֺƵý΢΢
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СȺʾ꣬Ťͷ½
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עŽһѼֵǵ֮С޺Ȼգգۣʾ⽭¸Ƚȥ
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±Ҳ̫ϰ߱ô޶ţһ£ҲûСôĿģͬһֽɽ

ɽ
ƸѽëձϣҲܾãЩǡ
µҲˣ
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ЦЦƵı飬֪ƻ̫Щ£ǲ£ǿԼġ
ұҪܡƺȻ۵
סˡ
ȻȵĮصǰͨ챮ұõ֡
仰ͷȻһȻ½뿪ɽׯǰһҹ˵Ļ
㷢˲µͨ챮Ѱĸ׵޾еǿ飬Ӧͬĸ׵йء
һʯǧˡ
ԭ¶û̫ϣ½ҲǣҲֻ˽䡣
ɽû뵽ƺҪǰ̿ˡ
ʱǰƿƽݣһʱڸ˶Ӳסˡ
գЩجĿǰƣʣ㡭ΪʲôҪǰͨ챮
ƣʦΥ
͵ҧ˴
ܿ죬ΪףƵԸ񣬿²֪ʦʲô
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Լ̸˸󣬾Ȼڳĸ׵걻£Ҳ̫
ƿŽµ飬ɵüͷ΢壬㲻ȥ
»عæǣֻǾ¶ȻΣգ㻹ǿǺ˵
⻰Žµı飬ĬãȻ񡣡
ʮýͷһ
̲סƵ۾ȻͿרעɫγ
¿ɫĿںȻЩƺ;쵽Ҫ˵ʲô
˺ü΢΢ЩɵĴСлֱ˵ɡ
ƾŽƯӣ͵񡣡
ͷʲôô
ֻҪõǰͨ챮ҾͿͬʦ̸ˡ
͵ҧ˴޹ģȴǰصƵġ
ʦʱҪʲôһûãڣȻˡ
롭뿪ǰĵطϲһ𡣡


29 
۾Ȼһ, Լûˡ
ƿŽ۽΢΢, ɵñ㵭̾˿ֽ§ڻУµͷһû˵꣬ôˡ
ͷһ£Ȼôˣ֮ǰΪʲôҪܣҪ˵Ȣң
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˰, һ½µĶǣǰǵ£Ϊûҵǰͨ챮ˣųȥ, ʦҲӦκû뵽, 컹ǰ͵ǰ
һɴµ۽ȴεеһ˿ǡ
, ͬĸйء
ƵʦΪպǱƻ˭
漴־ƻվһ߰ɣ
ϾƶҪΪ뿪Ǹʦ, ʦҲôá
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ЦһС޾͵ݵǰʲôʱ˵ʵʲôʱͲˡ


30 
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Циȥ

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ͳөʯɫĹȻǰе·
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쵽ЩȻ谭رɣһϲȴûЩںϵɽеʱܵɽҲ˾޴ı仯
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һ޴ѷŵſһ㣬ͽƶһͬ˽ȥ
ûü͵ĺڰС
ͼȥץסµ֣Ȼڴָһ룬±Ѿ׹ѷ
һҧ͵ؽһҲȥ

ȵŴӺڰѵʱȴԼ˯һʯϣΧөʯɢ͵Ĺâ
뵽»û䣬ҧ㷭һһº͵㻺ѹļϣ𶯣¡
ͷһ͵̧ͷͶһ˫γº͵ӡ
һλģİӾôǰºͣ۽ǵȴѾʾ䡣


31 
ɽ¾Ȼˣ
ͷһݡ
ʱ, ǰӾƬ, ȻǶź׵ͽܣ
üͷһ˭
΢΢һЦ㲻ù˭Ƕźͨ챮İɣ
˵ţǰӱ̧г˰ͨ챮
Ƽǰͨ챮ɫһȴʼûȥá
Ӽ״΢в죬ЦЦ, ǲ񶫷źס
Ƶʦȡͨ챮ûǰȻһ֣־ҶȻǿȡǰԸͨ챮ø, ֻҪܸĴ, ҶԸ⸶
΢Цź׾Ȼ̳ܽͽܣҲϡˡ
, ɫ䵭ûлػ
ʱӾƵıƬ̣ȻֻҪҰһ, ҾͰͨ챮ø㡣
ʲô£
һá
Ȼδھܾ, ǰӱ㵭Ц, Ҳǽȥһ, ºҾͰ廹㡣
ƿŰӵȻº͵, ΢΢ü
ǰӼƵ飬ȴȻ֣Ƶüġ
ͷһҪܹɾڰӳֵһ˲䣬ȴ·ʲôסһ㣬á
Ʊ뵽һƬþ֮С
ٴۣһƬ羰죬ݱأƺᵽǻ䵭ķҷ
ţƱʶǰӵʶ
ʶ˹ƼǵþʦûʢʶʦѾݴ½λʦڶӡǺҲ
оֻɣº͵ɤȴʱ
ʶУǲѵģ㲻ңԾʹˡ
͵ػͷ㿴ǰ΢Цǰʶеİӷ绪ïģȷףһ㡣
Ʊһߣɫȣ
ʱЦЦֵڿ˵ĻôȷʵǴһʱգ֮󣬱㲻ٴˡ
˵⻰ʱʶлľ緽һ㣬Ҳ͡
ȷʵûѵı֡
ƳĬˡ
Ӽ״Ȼ㲻ͬ⣬ұλѡ
һݣˣ
΢Цǣ°ɡ
ĬĬ߬ȭͷݵֱԼ֡
㲻ȥ
üͷ΢ˣԼԸӦҵҪֲȥˡ
ҵʲô˰ӵĻ
Ա΢֪ϷЦȥһˣʶˡ
Ҫʦ𣿡޳Ľüٴ
û
Ʋ˵ˡ
ӿƵɫȴԼЦЦҪΪʲôҪдɱңͼһ¡
ȻһȻʶһ¡
ǹ˽飿
΢Цҵͷڡ
򴽲
ӿƵı飬ʦһ㣬ҵһ𰵺ˣ޹ʵаͨ챮Ѿˡ
ĬĬۣ˪ɫԼ⸡֡
㲻ţһŵһ΢΢һЦ
šƵ
Գ־ȵı飬Ʊۿ˽ʦó¡
ĬȻΣ¶һ˿ЦҲԣҰô˶ˣֻҸɵӣô
ûӵĸпֻҲ㸽ǿжᰢô
΢΢һȻЦȻᣬˡ
ɫʱһ䡣
ʱֵһǸѡ㣬ϾλΪ㣬Ҳѽӽźס
Ҫʦ𣿡
ӳãǣҲǣʵôô
΢Ȼһ˿˿ݣܿ죬ͻָƽҴӦ㣬ͨ챮ҡ
ӵһЦǰľ˲ɢ˿ȥ
ٴ۵ʱ򣬰ǰ»ص˵ص׵ɽС
Ƹһֱ̧ۣ㹥˰ӵš
Ȼ΢΢һЦξȻһ̻ΪһٵİӰȻʧˡ
ͷһ
ʶ׷ݹȥŤͷȻһ۾ͿǰƯڲԶĿУ࣬ڱʯϵģȻǽ¡
ǰģصһۣ㸩Ҫ뵽ڡ
ֱ̧һȥ
ٶɢ
Ƭ֪֮سǰ
㲻˵Ҿ㲻ͬҶô
䣺Ҫᰢһ֮û̸ˡ
˲Ϣֳ˽µͷ΢Цô¶Լģͷһ
һ˹ȥ
һΣӲ㣬̧һ㻯ȥƵĽȻȻҵĽҵţ͸֪㲻ҵĶ֡
ͨ챮źҲŹ㣬ĵҲɢ㻹Ҫ˼֣
һԲ͵ذγĵĳ㳯ӹ˹ȥ
ǰӼưγǰѳɫ΢ݣݱȻ
֮
ƱƯеİڵϣá
ʱʶӵʵڴ֮ϡ
һΪλԼ޾ꣿ
ƶͷϽ亹ɿһ۲Զ˯Ľ£֪ԼǷµԤˡ
ѵҪȫô
ҺȻıˡӺȻڡ
һݣҪ̧ͷһ˲һĿİ׹ʹͷٻѨ͵˽ȥ
ͫȻȻһʧػ˵ϡ
ͷİӵ̾˿
Ƭ֮ٴۣûǰǰĮĹâһ˿γ
˰ӵ
ɡӲǻǰô
ʱƻվһǰİӵԼء
΢ЦȻˣ̸αء
ĬȻƬ֮㽫һ˲Զڵϵĳͷ
ƫʱһӰӺڰ˳͵ҧסƵֱۡ
üͷ΢壬ͷһۡ
ȻͿС޺ݺҧֱϣأƺʲô
һ˲䣬ƵԳһ˿˿֮ɫܿ죬֮ɫ仯Ϊƽ
̧һĨС˵ϣͷҲصرһԾֱƿɽĽƣ
ĿԶȥӰº͵Գһ˿Ȼ
ǾףóԸɡ

һ۵ɤڻ˯Ľ¶
Ժͷһʹë˲ǿһۡ
Ȼ󣬽¾Ϳһ·ıɫСƮǰͣؽ
£
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ǽµһӦ
ܿ죬΢˶񣬱ʶӦƹܺػ顣
ֻô˰ػ飿

ǶϹ
ȵȣ

ƺʶʲôϵʹ˭
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£
·ʯĬĬվ˵ǲ̣
ͣ
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Ŀ⶯˶
˽µĻವһ´˳ΧŽ´ת
һ£̲סһԼ֣߻ڣΪʲô;ܰϳ
ƺǿ˽µ˼ͻ£ǿ˵ġҲȷʵ̫ˣûһÿ
£ҿллˡ
ͣ±µбˣ̲סСͣһס⣿
ͻΰεģҲڡ
Ŀһ̱СͣԼȥǸˡ
ܾãǴȥĹؼ
С̵֪ĺ֮󣬵ҲûлıʹŽˡ

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һŰɫۣģ쳣Ȼӣȥ½᡻н¸£һɵ
¼ӣ΢΢һֺܿø
һ򶼺ĵһܣֱǣӲẦ
СıǰȥͶǰӽеˣĶӡ
ԣĿ΢͵Цŵ̵Ķӣʲô֣
Űº͵ɤȻδʶ͵¡
΢Цá
ԣȻЩȻ
ţǰӱ㵯ָһȥһһ輸ϵһ㳾ɡ
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ԣüͷ΢΢һ˵ģһꣿ
ͷһ̲ס˵ǰˣ
ǣѾͨ챮ˡ
£
ӵɤҵڽ¶ȴһʯ׹һƽ޲̶ˮһ˲캧ˡ
ˣ
ͨ챮ˣ
ȻǼΪ򵥵ļ֣ƴһ𣬽ȴҲһʱǻ͸˼
ӿŽµı飬ֵҲʹû˳֡
ͷһæȻأ
ȻҸûУͨ챮ˡ
仰򴽣ȻͳǰΪҪƭң
ӱǼϵһ̿⻰΢΢һ٣ĩ˱İˣꡭ°ɣ
ҧһ´ǣҵ¡
΢г˼ֶ̧ԽµҸ㿴һ
³Ĭһ£ǰȥȴս˷ȡķ
ȻӾʱ̧üһ㣬ºм֮ûüսҲ֮ͬǰһ˰ӵʶС
Ȼ󣬽±һƬп˷ƸӶŵĳ
ֻм̺Ͷź׵ĶԻӶģֺݡ
󣬽¿ɫĮͷɳɽʱ鼫ΪŹ֡
Ҳ֪ʶȷʵƭˡ
ƣôˣ
ȻΪãɾȻô
ͷΣ뵽ǰ岻˵Щ
ͷ㽥ӿһɺ⡣
ơǲһʼʹԼͨ챮ȥǸʦ棿
ǲһʼʹж
ҪȻҲõͨ챮֮ǰͬ˵ô໰
ˣǸԸһġ
ε£ֻҲˡ
ӿŽ۽΢΢ģͷ̣ˣ㻹
ɫһ㲻
Σ΢ؽֻˡ㡯ŵԶ׼ˡ
ԣҲգֻڴô
Ҫȥǰҳȥ̧ͷϰӵӣɫƣᶨ
ӳĬˡ
ãǰӵǰ̵ĶӣҸ㣬λ£ҲδʲôˡʦòȻ껹㺦ĸףѵû³Ҫȡͨ챮ҲʦǱΪ顪
ǰĺ⣬ˡµ˰ӵĻ
ǰΪҺãҳȥɡ
ʱ˽Ƭ̣ɵ΢΢̾ӣǸĸһģһ
Ҳա
ӻ̧֣һâ֮󣬽»عʵ
ɽ¸ۣ㷢ɽѾҡͷһʶô£
ӵʧȥ˽ͨ챮˴ԴѾȻ͸ˡ
𾪣Щô죿
΢΢һЦʱЩޣ
ǰ֪ĽΪʲôҪƴǰͨ챮
ŽµĻɫȻ΢΢˼֣Ȼ¶һȻʧı顣
֪ΪȺа취ҧҧȰԱ֮ǰƴɵСȴʱ˳һҧŽµ°ڣ뽫ϡ
ЩͷöһԵİӺȻ̾˿
˵öԣ⣬ʵҲΪЩޡ
ͷһ˵ʲôǰȴһ䣬һŽƮȥ
ɽĶҲڴʱѿһ죬˽
¸գǹȴ쳣ȶ
󣬵ͣʱ㷢Լ⴦µ׵ߵ㣬ɽͣԴĿ
´ʱĴһ㿴Щڴбʧı顣
ͷ̲סͷȥǰӣСҲʱֱС
СƺʮֺǰӣҲҽе̫
Ӽ״һЦҲңࣿ
СԣǰһȻ;һ˫צӣ˸Ҿơ
ӳƬ̣̾һЦҲգܹҪ۵ģֻˡ
仰ͷһǰҪʲô
Ȼ¡
ӻ䣬κȻ˼ٱӰҲΪ˰͸ģ
¼һĻͷȻǴʿԣǴʿҲ㣬Ӧ÷Ϊ⣿
Ӵʱյͷ˽һۣ˫ˮʮ
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Ű⻰ͷһʶȥץסӵ䡣
ɾʱӻ̧֣Ӳ֮нµ׶
ֹֻһתֻץסɽµ±ڣԼȥ
µһ޴ƽص޾СɳĮλõһ˲䣬¿Ӷ΢΢һЦ
һЦ硣
ɤ΢΢ˣͷһּΪԤС
Ȼۼ͵ӰָֻģţһϮ±ߴӿ׹ȥХֻת˲䣬ǰ±ûڵµС
Ҳˡ
ͫȻ˵±ߣͼȥץסƮɵİ£Ѿץסˡ
ںޣΣʹࡣ
ӽӿ˳
û뵽ӻô
գȻɽԣͷ΢оӨ׹
ʱЩŵҲʱɽĬȻͷ
С޵͵һ쳤һ
ҲʱС˻
޾ϿվþûصϢڼһɢ
ʱ򣬽֪ӽʲô֡

˽һ̣ûоʧ䣬Ȼ
һ룬ǻԼ⣬Ѿ뿪޾֡
֪
꣬ͻ˾ǳٳٲԸΪִвʡ
֪źһǰͨ챮㹹ôһεĵط
ֻҪźϰͨ챮ϵķţһᱻ
꣬ԸҲʵˡ
ɾĻǽһ̣ȴذԼֳ롣
һ֪һĮ
ǱʶﻹŲԲһٶ
Ҳһ̣Ȼʶһɹܹ鲻ˡ
Ψһεˣ̡
˽һ̿𾪺ͻں޵ʱ֪Ӧûԭġ
Ͼ¶ôοİ̡
뵽⣬˽㰲Ȼۣڿɢ޾м
ֱһ̣û𶫷źˡ


32 
Ƚٴδɽ̧ͷʱ, ֻмӨӨ˸
Щмڽºǵ, ÿ˶ůġ
֪, ǰӰΪɢǵͷЩмͷ, ϣȻΪ⣬
ãмɢ, Ҳۡ
һ, ±۾վɽµµķؾذݡ
Ҳ«ư, ֵ̬ؿʼҾݡ
ڴ˾£˭Ц
֮󣬽¿һԵС, ڶˣʹǽɭԼסɣҲҪ·ˡ
С꽭µĻȻգգۣһӾ˽µļ, Žµӡ
¿ЦãҲ
Сҡҡͷ, ָָ̧档
ͷһȥ
Сƴͷ
£
˰, ֿһ۲Զߵ, üˣô죿
С໽˼ֶȺ޽һ
ЩŹ֣С޵Ľ֮ȴָתɢããĴ֮С
С̾תͷ°ͣգ۾¡
£
Լ˰
룬С޵ıȷʵͬ죬һƺҲ࣬±ǿͬˡ
Сʱ¶˷ܵı飬ڽ¼ȥ
¼״һЦֻḧһС޼ϵƬʾһ㡣
Сգգۣವһſ˽¼ϣ
£
ܾСޱء
ǹƣ»Ǻܿ·ˡ

ܿ죬±Сߵ޾ֵΧǰ
޾ֳڻδ򿪣ΧֱΧСɳĮҲƵӰӣҲȥΧ
ֻǰӵһʶڿƣбһֵ
Ҳ֪ǰӵһʶǺûǻ᲻Ʋ
ʱЩҲ棬ܿ죬±㲦Χǰϣ˽ȥ
޾ֵΧͬΧȻͬ
ΧǻƽͣΧŨŨѪɭϢʮʮ޳
ΧҲ谵ģһѪ£ʵЩɲ
´С㽿߻΢һ䶯Ӱ㼫ʱֻƽƽһ춼ꡣ
ҪȥƣȻҲûΧж¡
һ᫵·̣̲סʼϵСޣ֪µͨ챮ʲôطô
С໽һҡҡͷ
£
̾˿ֻԭվ۾ͼʶȥ۲ܣ鿴һĺۼ
ʶոշųȥɨ䵽ϤӰһİӡ
Ͼ˼Ͱ񡭡
ƺ׷ɱһİꡣ
µʶ겢ơ
Ͼ˼Ͱ񣬽е³ɺޱһͬӿ
ɽͬ˫֮󣬾Ծ࣬Ͼ˼ҲĶˡ
ȷû֮󣬽±ּ̧˷ɽԾ
Ͼ˼Ͱǰ䵥ɢ޸ɵһӰĴԾ಼±ǵ޽ǲ˹ȥ
Ͼ˼ٽ񵲣æҵԵİ㵽һԣʲôˣģ
ʩʩȻأһ죬΢ЦϵѺͰѺþò
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Ͼ˼æٽ񵲣лú˵Ҳɱ㣬ԼҪǸһһģҴԵĶ㣡
Ͼ˼ƻãһƣͷ³ɺޱٶӿɫһһƣϾ˼ֱӾͱÿѪɽ϶ˡ
˿ͬϾ˼зֱӷϵĻܵСˣһԴϢȻλǰ콣ˣǲɱպǺģѰΣˡ
´δɱˣʱҲȡϾ˼Ͱֻ˷ǣĻȴɵüͷ塣
н赶ɱ˵˼
Ͼ˼Ļɫ䣬ͬǰҲô侮ʯʲô˼

֣ɫ䣬ϵľҲԾ˼֡
Ͼ˼ͳ͵˽µƿأŰԶӴܡ
¼״ɫһ䣬һֱûϾ˼ıģϾ˼һģȴĲͣܣܿʧ˽ºС
״΢ǰʴȡ
ջ֣Ϊʿ֮ôѾ˼˶ҲΪΪôԺٱ٣ΪֻǱɱܡ
ЦˣǰҲǸˣ򷽲Ҳֱӵɱң̵
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ĬȻΣƬԼű߻Բѵջεͷ̾˿קϵһԵȥˡ

ҹ
ǱһѬѵġ
һ£㷢Լǰ˴Ѿ˱̧ͷȥһϮµĽ¾Դǰ
ǿӨ͸Դ󷨵£Ƥƣ۵֭ˮ̻䣬Ũ磬ȥΪɿڡ

ȻѱٹȣᵽôĿҲ̲סøмο⿾̺Ϊḻ˶ȻǴ󲹡
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ͷҲ̧˳ӹһ꣬ϢϹ

ֱ֮ΪСүƽﶼ
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Ŀ⶯˶ɫЩ죬ܿ죬΢΢ЦЦǰҺô
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룬Ҳûʻĵҧһڿ̲סĬĬ
޾Χ߱ͻ谵ޱȣǰһϮ´ǺɫĴзɳһɲֻʮ־ޡ
ڶһŷ²ʤףȴֻǿƵ㣬ɵЩʧ
תһ룬־òòȡˣѹʧͷ
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ţһڿڰǿȫˡ
һԵĽ¼ĳ࣬Ŀ⶯˶ǶĳɼС˼֡
ǻ˵㣬ʶ
⿾̧ͷ˵ʲôȴ֪˼һ㣬۾ɽʯϣҪ˯ˣñ죬Ͱӳȥ

аɡ
లµعһҹ

ڶһ磬±Ǵ֮ǰѹȻԼֱ뿪ġ
û뵽Ϊ̫˯ˣһѾͣ˹վɽء
£
룬¾ԼҲǷģ뿪
ɵȽ¸ո߳ɽ׼תϴ·ʱǰҪѰͨ챮ҿԴ·
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üͷ΢壬Ƭı飬֪ͨ챮ģ
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˽ƵΪˣ֪ûȫյ֮ǰ϶ԼǿڼȻ޾ִŻû򿪣һţ˵ȥµͨ챮ˡ
ôһ룬±϶ǰ·㡣
˵ͷǰ档
¹۲һıӰȷһﲻʲôС֮󣬱㲻档
С޾ſڽµļϣһһεҡβ͡
һ·¹۲һΪ;綼Ͼ˼ѾԪӤ۷壬ƺҪͻƵļ
Ͼ˼һԪӤڣôܰƳ
ң콣Щȥˣ
ɻҪֲµʲôʲôûʡ
ԹԴһ·ȴЦǰǸ콣ڵϾ˼߻СһҲǲв䵽Ǹصġ
һҲûֹȥ
ǰ˵Ǳ׷٣˵ұͬǽһ·ûϵǰ·ңûϵȴǲ˶֮£ǰҲˡ
ۣװϾ˼ֹһΰ
۲Žµı飬Ƭ̣ǰǰҲƹô
£
漴±㵭£ʡ
ӣȻҲʲôЦЦŤͷ·
ῴ޳ͦεıӰüͷ壬жɻ

ôеĲ̫һ
ܿ죬±ôҲͬ޹أǱ־Ϊãڱ뾡ҵơ
ǵõ½ɳ̽ϢһֱȢΪ֮壬ȫǰһƷ¯ˣǿȻǹߣǿɾ˵ˡ
ʱǰ˴Լʱ±ԸоĺЩˡ
ǰ·ҲխĴ޵Ľ˷
һ·һЩ·ĻۣҲǱȥˡ
Ҫǣ¸һ·˵˵ĺۼ޴򶷵ĺۼú١
вɻ󣬿СŶƤģý¾·Ӧǰȫġ
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ڽ˼ʱǰȻͣס˽ŲؿڣӢԳʹ顣
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ؿ˴ǿһЦɫЩ԰ף·̫죬˿ѿˡ
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33 
û, Թߵһ, ˸¡
״Ƭ̣ߵһˡ
£
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ֻǽû뵽, գûٿƵӰ
Ҳƣ⸽ô, û޽ʵΡ
Žµģ, ̲סʣǰڵˣ
ɫһ죬ʵĲҪʡ
εǴǰС·ģǰ漸Ƭֶڶ, ǰҪ, ûô
˵, ֵ⴦ϿʮΣѰҪҵ, һʱҲ̫ѡ
Ļ, ɵüô֪ģ
Ĭ˺һ, ȴ̹ȻҼؽĵͼ
, Ȼ
λʦһ޾õͨ챮, ȻѸ, ݣȥͼҲ̫ѡ
ôˣ
лɡ
Žµı飬ЦЦ͵ģҪͨ챮ϼѣǰȡҲմˡ
ԣĿ⶯˶㵭̴ˣҲһҪȡǿͨ챮
΢ЦǰԱ㡣
£
֪ΪʲôǺڵģ컬࣬úܡ
֮󣬽ֵգԾͬǰһ˵ˣѰ޵ӰӶûС
⽹
ʱҧҧɴԼȥһǻþˡ
õͨ챮ɹͻƣƵıжิӣӦöܽˡ
ֻҪǿ
ƾͲٵЩеûġ
뵽⣬һ۲ԶտɽҰĬĬ޷˵سϿǱȥ
⼸һֱŽµȻȥϿȣɵҲվѵҪϿȣǰЩΪá
µ֪ѡ
˵仰±תͷһۿ
ĿӣϽ峺ξͷɵһ
ţµ֪ĿģҲ̫ϲ㣬㻹ԼЩ뿪ΪãңҲûкôٸˡ
ֱ׵Ļȷʵĺһ󣬵Ѿϰ˽µ΢΢ЦЦǰˣǰ֮Ϊֻǰһ΢֮ѡ
üͷ΢΢һָܿ˵Į顣
⡣
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СģҲ֪ͻȻǰŽµıӰǰϿͲľжԣһҪСģ
²΢΢һ٣һлǰȥ
عǲɵ¶һ˿Ц⡣
ٴοµıӰʱȴһϮ޳ѩ׵ӰѾû뵽Ͽȵĵ֮У𽥿ˡ
ɵ΢΢һ´ɫЩء
ҲûȥȴҲû뿪ֻԼ»ص£۲ܵĶ

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ֻôΪķԽѡȡһɡһķ
֯ɵɡɡ͸ɡǶѩ׵ǣҲű͸篣Ʈڿеʱܹ󲿷ΧɢĶ
ֻɡһֻڶ֧һգԽǰΧʱʼղȡ
Ҫȡͨ챮òˡ
Խǰߣ²ϿȵĿ֮
濴֮²ŷϵȥʿʬ塣
Ҳͬǰһɽ޺ʿʬݶɶǰӡ
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ȻǵƵĴҧҧӲͷƤԼǰߡ
ʵҲΪƣΪ˽ңΪԼҲӦòһѡ
ϲ˵ô꣬Ӱˡ
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ô꣬ҲܹԼЩˡ
׺½ᡶˣΪ˽Ļǿ塣
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뵽⣬΢΢һԱۣʶ֪ܵķΧǰߡ
۲Ĳˡ
֮һ·Ҳ֪Ϊʲôţȴ֪Щʿʬˡ
ΧԽԽ·ǰĹҲķ綼Դһ˿ů⡣
ҪҪۿʱ򣬽ȴͻȻȵһŲ֪ðʯͷ
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΢ű룬ָ޳ǽڷ
֡
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ȥģͷۣûüǰˣ㱻һ˫ֱ۽§˻С
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΢ЦƵݣǻң޷̰չأ߻ħֲҵ̰գҲŲ¡
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£
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Ƽģͷ΢΢һ漴Ȼ§˽µý˶˿Ϸϡ
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꣬Ʊ㵭ۡ
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΢΢һЦ̾һٴαְۣѽ§ǰǾҶ౧һᡣ
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Ʊ˽һᣬͷȻʣ벻Ҫͨ챮
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飬ôƭ
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Ŀ⶯˶Ȼһֽ´ӵϱ
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ֵǣͨ챮֣ͨǰ͸ģҲе
üͷ壬ǻˡ
ǣգգ̧ۣͷƣðɣҲҪ
ţҪͨ챮þôҲû취ô
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ƣ
գƳĬ˺һᣬһ𣬺òã
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º͵ɤν¶Ҫˣɵ͵߬ȭԼȥǿͨ챮
ƭˣ֪ǻþ**Ȼɱң㲻ģһжġ
סˡ
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¶ͻ𵴸Ūҡҡ׹Ƶȴͬһ㣬§˿ȥ


34 
¸žҵͨ챮зɢ, ȴ紵۾ˡ
üΣ³͵ֿͨ챮ɢ, Ч
εѹֱ̩ͬɽѹ, ý´Ϣѡ
Ƶͺɫĳ, Ȼȴһ, ǡ
ò׵ȷͣ˼, ¶һ, ŷưͨ챮ѾѪ, ε׹, ͨ챮ҲƴɢŴ۵Ĺâȥֹջ
ͷһæקסƵ֣öҪˣ֣ǲˣǺúõĳȥôôǿʲôã
ľΪǣⶼҪġ
ƺúõĶѡ
ƴʱۣЩ԰, ˽µĻỹ, Խ¶һԳĵЦ˵õͨ챮, Ժܱ㡣
סˡ
кХĳͷԭƽɽ֣һˡ
, Ư۾･һ, Ȼ, ã֣Լ
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ʱۼ⣬һӾͿڴƤ϶˼˿ĺɫ
ܿ죬ָֻ顣
ǻþκ鶼пܡ
ţ±Ťͷһ۲ԶǻѪͨ챮ɫ䡣
µͨ챮Ŀģᣬ֪Ϊʲô֪ܿͨ챮չϵȴԼһԡ
ΪģΪǾ䡪Ժܱ㡣
֪㲻ǻþҲô˵
ΪƣҲҪԼǿ
뵽⣬ɫתһưǿͨ챮ϡ
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һԵƼⷽ⾰΢дƬ֮ɫȴ˼֡
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ʱȶͨ챮ָɾƵĻȻлǻþֱӦԡ
ôһ룬±㳢ڵǱɽ
һ˲䣬䡣
ɫͱɫںһͨ챮˼Ϊҫ۵ĹââʱôйԣҪԼеͷų
һ̣±оһԴԴ˳ͨ챮ӿġ
ľûиоܣ˱ʮůˮһ㣬쳣ʡ
Ƽ״ɫرְ̧ס˽µıġ
ȵͽͬµͨ챮㵽һ̱㷢˼Ϊ˵ı仯
һ˲䣬¸оԼһɢŰɫľХţ˳֫ٺ𽥴ͨеľ
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ڽǰ˿ûзᱻ͵һȣűʹɫɵ΢΢һ䡣
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˽̧ͷһۣЦЦҲ㣬Ҫơ
Լк⸡֣ܿ㴹۽ޣ۾
˽һпУĿ΢ħ֮壬ֻǸѰʿǶź׵ͽܣҲԸаĻᣬϧ㲻ǡ
Ƶ⻰Ѿ˵˺ܶˡ
˽ʣҪҪɱźף
ƣҪɱ¡
˵ֵ꣬Ǿãҵħ֮ұɱϧ̴ˡ
˽ԣüͷ΢΢һ壬ЦͲµĿģħ֮ͲͬڳˣһǧҲǳе¡ҺͰ˵òᣬֻܰϣϣȥҫ콣鹣һֱһӶпɽгһղҲԸˣΪѹϵħԣŹԽ赶ɱˡ
ĮȻ
˽ֵҲ²¿Ѿչضˣ٣١
α޳ܣҲɱһ£һ¡Ƶ˹˽Ļ
Ƭֵ̣һȥɱ
˽Ĭˡ
ʱֿ˹˽һۣ
СүҲգүҲգҲЩŵԵĶгһħģһȥѰһ
˽⻰һֱƽͣһ˿Գһ˿Ȼ
˰ΣͷЦЦãǶź׶Ҳ԰İ֣Ҳ֪ˡ
תͷȥ˽Ŀ̾ǾۣߵԶһ޴ĺʼ
Դħı˽鼤֮Ժб㿪ʼԴԴӿйĴм䡣
ҲǰǸһֱԺ߶߶ʵԼıġ
ħ֮Ȼħ֮ףҲ֮Դ
ħıһ̣ƲŷԭԽµϲԶֹΪôࡣ
ҲףźѹֵģǶ񣬶ıġ
ֻȻħģħ֮ǿңԿסĵ**кüζЩ̲סҪɴѽץסħ磬˾ôһӡ
ô
ʮգϿѰһԵ޺ʿ
ƴűͨ챮˵ʹҲҪýõͨ챮
һħıƲסԼҲ㹻ȥԱ
뵽ģģҲֻЩ
Դӹ˽鼤ħ֮֮Ʊ㷢ԼҪ˽飬ʵ¡
ȻѾӦ˹˽飬Ź˽Ļڡ
ƵĴмǹħĶźҲδ̹š
Ź۲˽飬ҲܰԼαװøһЩ
뵽⣬Ʋɵ־ۣһ۹˽ķ
ɹ˽ƺ֪Ҫ΢΢һЦƶӡ
ƣ
ĬȻƬ̣˽ȻЦ˽ͷ֮£ǳܿסԼħģұһ׷ķ
ƽü΢壺ʲô
˽ʲôʱͨҪɱź˵
Ʊ۵Ҳɱźףİɡ
˽飺Ŷ
ʱֵħ彲һһź׹ȻùңҲ̫Ҳ塣
ж
ʵˣļ
˽˼üȻħ嶼һô˼𣿡
Ʋͷü졣
˽ˡ
һᣬƵôֱ뿪°ģ
ƣ¡
˽Ŀ΢ЦЦ˵ˡ

ѹʱ򣬱仹ԼϵĵҩϢ
Ṵ˹ǣ˲ϵ磬ֻ쳣㡣
ɺܿ죬±㷢ˡ
ôڣ
ͷһ̾ʹӻû˵о˹͵һȴҲҲƵӰȴԿһͨ챮
ǿͨ챮һľͿʼĿûüϸ·͹Ƶ磬Ҵ˳ȥ
ȻұϿȣûټƵӰµһҲ𽥳ȥ
Ű˫㣬վϿߴľʯϣĴȥ˿ǸϤӰӡ
ŵ紵ƮƮŵױû
ãȻƬ̣ͷƯ۾ɵ
³һֻĶǱġ
⵽ʲô˼
һʼʹ뿪ˣͲҪϣ
ΪʲôҪôȥȥ˵Ψʶ˶Ϊ̹ô
˵ֻԸ̹ϣ


35 
Ͽһ, 峿ҵĺ̫ɽ, ҲûҵƵӰ
ϲϢҲ𽥱ϡ
գеǸĸ, ˡ
ĬĬ, Ŵ, ̤ĺɫ, ʹ𽥱ɽ˳
Լġ
ƺӦһ, , ҹжԶһ, 㿴һϮµĽ´Ͽ˳
ֻǿһۣ鲻Խشվ
ʱ¸ޱߣ³йɢڼͷ, һϮ޳ݸͬ͸Өһ, 覴ã˶ɢһӨĻʡ
ֻǽ´ʱ۽΢, βϡżֺۣ˵ϢЩɪȻ
ĿתƬ̣ȻЩڸ
δ, ԭòȻ
ܿ, ʶһ㡪Ϊγ㲻, ʲô
ţע⵽¾һ˫Ө׵ĳڵϣűЩط΢΢죬ƺˡ
ͷһɵñǰȥǰˣΪβЬ
̧ۣһۣ쵽鶯üͷһ壬ʶһѡ
ûˡ
ʱƵʧѾýڵһĶ׹ȥ룬Դ֣ûڡ
ŽеҲ³΢΢Щҡ
ǽһʱʧıһֱλǰˡ
±¶֮ԼʱһԲߵһԵ£Լȡ˴ָЬ
ĬĬ˹ȥ
´ЬʱڲԶţҲߵ̫
ЬӴһ룬Ȼ㲻֪ô
ôһڣ㷢һɤȻ΢΢Щ
ýʲô¡
¶ôˣҲֻе˵һ䡮ǰǸ㾲תͷȥ
´Ьӣվתߡ
һԵһ£æȥ
ĽŲûɵһ꣬Ȼͻתͷ俴Ҳ֪ҵΪʲôͨ챮Ҳһ룬Ϊңܲô
ⷬ΢΢Ĭˡ
˺һᣬŽݣƬֻ̣ǾǰʱЩԣǰһʱ벻ԲŸŵġ
ⷬһڣסˡ
˰Σ´Цһ
ǰôһˣóԣô᲻ڲ֮ʲôӣ
ֻƾ⸽ʲôط͵͵
ż겻ģ
뵽⣬͵ҧһ촽Ȼͻͷ۾
ȻϽһ˫Ưγӣͷ΢΢һǰˣ
µ㷽˵Ļʵ
̹Ȼʵ١
³˼Ƭֱֱ̣۾Ҹ㣬˵£ҹǻˡ㻹Ҫң
Ž⻰Ƭ̽µӣȻģǲǣ
Ȼסˡ
ԭΪôһ仰Ϳģû뵽ȻһӾͿ˼
£
ѵƵϲô
һ˶ˡ
ưƣΪʲôβ
ῴŽзӿɵñҹǸˣʵѾµ˾ǽµĵ¡
ʱȴտڲᣬֻǰҪᣬֻǰǰΪǰʲôˣ޷Ƿ֮롣
³Ĭˡ
ʱֵ䲻ʲôʿҵҲۺ񣬴Ҳ˲پ׳ߣǰȳ޾֣ұǴ鱨ǰѰǰĵ£Σ
ⷬ³Ĭãˣǲ˭Ҳ
⻰Ȼ䵭ȴѾȷЩ
Ŀ⶯˶Ҳǿֻǰȥ
һΣҲû취ǰǰ￪ھܾˡ
Ȼ֪˻ǿΪʸύһ
˵ģҪȥǷȴʵߡ
ڵһǿȴԼϲ˶ס
ǴʸᣬôһߣҲùһ·
뵽⣬±˱ۣ㵭㡣
΢΢һЦǰ
ĬȻƬ̣ǰˣδش㡣
ͷһƽصǸʡ
ͺá
Ŀ΢аᷭ˼飬ĬĬһЦ֡
Ŀ⶯˶΢Щ졪ΪûеЩû뵽ѡصһֳƺ
µǶĽ䱸˼֡
ԸôУǾôаɡ
һЦãߡ
¸ᲽȻһɫӰʹҹɫд˳һӷɵļϡ
һű㷢ȻСޡ
漴±΢΢Цһ£С޵ԴҲã㶼ˡ
Сͣһ½µָʾԼԭˡ
¼״ĬĬһЦ
һԵŽ¹¶ǸµЦ⣬һ˲Щ񣬶ٿŽͬС޵Ļã²ʯĳˡ
ôһ룬б⡣

ͨ챮ȡ֮ؾ᳹׹رգΧЩʿ͸ܵ춯Ѿ뿪ˡ
º뿪
뿪֮ǰѾʹĸĻòĻ֮òף˼֮ޡϾ޴½ʶ˺ܶ࣬Ҫٵ鷳Ϊ
״Ŀ΢ȴʲôû˵
ŵһ޾ȵýͷöиʲôʧ
Ҳûʱȥ
ıһֱһλڸδѣҲͻ㰲ġ
ڣǵȵ
һλꡣ
ǰ경ӯĿ޳ʵùھɢ֮ڳеȺӶ΢΢˼
ˣǰͷſһֻģĺɫСޣģưҲʲôͷ
⻹Σӣڸ֣Ȼ͸λݾİ꾿ʲô磿
գڸӭȥǶ񣬽ű΢΢üµλǡ
񡣡µڣɤͬ
˵ͷѡ
ʱ΢ЦǰڲὭȡͨ챮£ֻǰΧһҵľˣλһǡ
һ⻰֪λʿݾΪֻҲǾ̬Ⱦ͹
ȴûϵ⻰Ŀ⶯˶ȴֻӦͬ޾飬ڳˣҸˡ
Ȼס
һԵӣ
ǱϾѵأɫȴû̫廰
࣬ԴʧͽƵӣĿ΢ǰԽµλѣǰͬСү޾֣֪Ĵ½ݴ½紦ͻȻӿֲħ඼ܵǰ޾ֵ·ϣղ֣ҹרŷʿ䵥ʿˣͬһ˴˻иӦԼж֮١
Ļ˵⣬üͷɵñ΢΢
ħ
һ˲뵽ϿǸɫ
ͨ챮Ƶļų⡣
ǰͨʿ̰չأͨ챮Ϊˣǡ
뵽⣬ɫãͷ΢΢Щ
̾͸ı⣬ȻλѺѣұ㹧ˡ
⻰һڣһԵɵ¶ϲɫ״ҲĬĬ˿
࿴˵״̲ס
ȻȷʵȥòΪһһģֻΪδ˵ˣ
ô˵ҲǸŴ󻧣ϲôһ·ʿҲ֪Ǹǻ
ԼˣҲö˵
ȻӦͬͬУȴԸһ
Դ˶ʧ䣬ϸˮҲһʱҲûǿ
׼Убڳϣ΢΢һ߸СŶƤһ˼෽˵Ļǰֳ쳣
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ʱֻΪܵʶĴ̼ǲ壬룬Ǹƣħ
֮ƼͻȻ뿪ףڱϸ˼ּˡ
ѵһͱħ︽壬ֻԼģһֱû˵
µһĲ֪ػȥ
ưƣô
ĬĬ߬Եķֱ֣Լ֡
ˣҲ벻ʲôõĽֻܸĳӣ˳ȥЩħˡ
ҵʮƽȣ˼һᣬҲͷ֮󣬱һ֧У׼Ϣһᡣ
ձۣб˼˵Ľ̸
һдġ
ĬĬۡ
ʵҲǼ˲СģֻǽʶǣΧһж
עģǱģЩᵽ
ҿСүƺǸӺģҲ֪һʱʻǱġ
СүΪߵˣӲΪСúÿСүᶯҲǳ¡
үͬôүһֱͬҽôǮƣǽСǼƷ¯֮壬ΪͣƿءΪָߣôƲ磬Ҿúү˳ɲ׼ġ
ֻûһƲأ˵СүиſҲδ֪ʲôģ
˵ʿ˻齭ҵλӾҪˣ⼸һֱײβγǴ¡
ǣͲ˽˰ɣʵ˶콣Щʵˮ٣ǸӾôأ˶ԴӾǲǶʦٰģԼ̧ءΣʦűƵöʦŵӾ棬򡭡ߺߡ
ʲô
֮콣ھҪʧȥµȨˡ˵ĴʦѾˣʿĽֱӾպ˳콣ڲܰεͷɾûôõԴˡ
ۣǴϢ
λӾǸˣݴ½Ĵſ¾Ҫϴˡ
ֳ֮һ޹ؽҪ£ޱۣкȻһͷ콣Щӣõˣȥѹˣ콣ڴӴ˵ĴŵλãҲǳԼһڶˡ
ʿҲ֮飬ʱ䣬Ҳ㹻ҵˡ
ôһ룬ԭЩȻ˼֡
ʱСƺҲ쵽ת䣬㷭Ƥǵָ
ýһ㣬ͷС޵ĶƤҲ㳤ɣҴ콣ЩһŻ㵱ޡ
⻰ϷԣСȴ˷ܣͷβͣ໽
Сģٴζ˽£΢ЦСһᣬʱ뿪ƵѹԺ󣬱Сޣ˯ȥˡ

Ȼû뵽ܶ鲢ôɡ
ԭΪħʣҪס
û뵽գ·ϵļűý´Ŀġ
Щħﲻҽթαװ˻߼·ɢģ·ԣƭʿȥǡ
ʿǰˣħͻȻѣʿǵڣǵľ߰ǱɿܣϮһ
ʿǵħ̳ʿǵļ䣬ȥѰǵͬ飬һ򾡡
ֶΣˣ˾ñķʤ
Ὥ²ΪʲôһڵĸҲ˽š
Ǻ޷֮£ΪߣֻҪ䵥ħǵˡ
ǰ·ǻظŵıؾ֮·ЩħרоӦûָʹ֮ˡ
΢΢˴̲סʼ²Щħ᲻һ֯ģǱأûõͨ챮ȥǸʦ᲻ʹɱ֣
ôһ룬µһ־
ܿ죬һҹ
ԭһ䱸ɭϣ϶˽ƣǾԲҹͣϢġ
ҹʵû취ΪƥݳԲ֪ΪʲôͻȻ°ĭ۵߲·ˡ
һ޾ֳȥ·ѱĴʦַκڴУΪľǲʿ޾δŵʱôƻ޾ֵĻʿҪȥֻͽȻƽʱʮ׾ͱ֣ѰʿͽҲִﲻ޾֣ά޾̬ܵ
û뵽ĽƣȴʿĴɢ
ħ޼ɵɱʿǸԤϲĸͬ顣
ᣬͻȻ쳣ʵҲڸ˾ӡ
ڷ֮̾óȫֹͣÿ뿪벽
Ͼ϶ŻڸֻĽƣЩħֻҪĳ־磬һʱҲѽڡ
֮ͣһȰ졣
ʱɳɳҶֳʲôʲô쳣ҶҪ򿪳Ҫ뿪û˿Ծǵ֮һжðｻûУ
ζðشĻ˿ǲҷɾ裬΢ʶȥӦΧ״
ʱҲᰴڰϣĶ
ڴʱҶܽû뿪Ҳûֵ֡
µ˴ԼһʱЩ˯ʱ򣬺Ȼһ͵͵ɤңңС
򼱰ô죿Ȼ³ȥ
£
һɤȥˣô
ҿͦģʲôûУӰӶûС
ϴĻ𵱳ɶԷ簡
Ҳﲻסˡ
˵꣬һ죬ƺȥ
Ҳʱ˭˳


36 
໰, 㴫һҽУűһOO@@, ƺ˱ϽһԵȥ
ڻŵˣһҽ, ɵöëȻ, һʱЩˡ
üͷ, λ, ţ
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С, ɤͬ, һ𳤴󣬹ϵá
һСȥѾħ︽ˣ
ɤϴƽʱô㣬㲻ܼȰ
˵ţһҽС
ڳЩʿ, С;ģ󲿷ֶǴСһ, ͬеôңҶ֮顣
һɧ, Ҫ뿪ʱɤд˳
ڻҳȥģɱ⡣
ʿȻ, ôһ, Ҳٶˡ
ϾԸ˵ġ
ŵĽ, 仰΢΢ۡΪǰЩɱϵĴԶǼٵģڿ˵һ㶼û˵
ϣ֪ôǶԵģϣҪ˾Զ֮ˡ
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С޶ʱͷɽţֲĵ̧צӣָָ档
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Եҹ·ɳɳҲʻɬΪɲ
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ܵȷʵܡ
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£
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±æתͷ㿴ƺһħŴ۾һ㣬߷˹
ͷһݣ̧־ȻˣȴûϵһɫӰȻ嵽ǰһס£͵ػһƣɢ˽ǰħֿ

ϼĽ£
Ūɳ׾С֣ôһƣֻɢ˾ٲֵħȴħȫŭˡ
Щħŭ֮󣬳ɱؾͳ¸˹
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ɾʱ·ק֣΢΢Щ
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򴽣ɫЩأʱЩħѾƿ˽µ֣ʼˡ
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ڴ˿̣ħһӣħӵ롣
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ħ˲䱻ɢȥ̽ӿ˽
ֻܽŻƵķĴħͼ赲һٴͻΧħȴԽԽ࣬½ͷö
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ֻһ䣬ʶҪܿѾѸײڶ֮һıġ
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ڽӴ±ĵһɲǣһɫǴһ̵һ㣬͵һ졣
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ųҪ뽭ڵЩħڽӴһ̣Ҳȫһɰɫˣɢӡ
֮䣬ЩħȫӴȥˣԭֻʣ½ºѪԵ
ԭ΢Ƭ̣Ȼ㼱ӷڳ˳ȥ
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ֶҪٸһƵʱ򣬽¿ȥˣĬĬѨ㵭ˣ˵Щá
˵꣬±Ӹ˹ڵϵľǶԵģڻǽչ˺Сүɡ
ЩȥĿ⣬㾶ֱߵԼǰһԾϳ

صУһ䵭Į飬̱Ӵָȡһ澵ӡ
ȻϸϸǿԼþһգ㷢ѩϸļϲ֪ʲôʱһģĺɫƣʱǺɫڰ⡣
¼Կ϶ɫӡǰֵ˷Щħʴ
⣬Ȼġ
ĬĬ߬ȭⲨֹգû³
ΪѾ֪ƲҲá
ղǼ£Ǵ㶪ˣ·ġ
ǸӡһֱʹǵЩͷܡ
ʱ򣬽Ȼ֪ǿͷԾͻǸĳӺˣָ뿪
ʱԶһеĺӰ˳
ơ
˽ɤԺ𣺡ʲôʱڰµǵƣΪʲôҶ֪
ɤҲÿʱڿ
˽һ˲漴ЦҲ˵绰ˡ
ƣס
㲻СүǹôӢ۾Ȼǰϧ
񲻻鵭ȴʮƶ
˽΢Цǿδء
΢΢üû˽顣
˽˿Щħƺͬйҿħ֮壬ħֻҲѳǰħλҲܸߣѵˣ
ҡ
Ǿֵܽã
ƣ
׻Щ䣬˽΢΢һЦٶ໰ˡ
ĬһᣬҪת뿪ʱֵȻ֪ô˵ЩΪѣϾҲݴ½ô꣬Щʿ޹ģ˵仰ԼһЩħ
ҸЩһͷ
˽飺
˰Σ˽鵭ŶһˣҲǿ㡣
Ŀ΢㲻ΰˣ
˽΢Цͬ飬Ҳǿѡ
Ŷ

ԴӾҹһ£˾Щήңһ˯˰ա
˵ˣԼЩԾ
ƫСһһ㶼ʡģͣϴǵýºķ
òװСŪ˯ˣҲܲסббڳе˯˹ȥ
һ˯üСҧܷѾƿĳ
¾۵ʱĿԡ
üͷһ壬ɫ̹Ȼ
һֱҽ֣ҲûӦҵֳ£ŵϢˣ
ⷬûɵһθ漴͵زͷڿڸŻ˼¡

Ȼ̫ϲعǿ͵£ҳԵЩθˡ
⻰ȻǱġ
ԣɫǹŹƬ̣еҽޣֿ
¹Ͼܾˡ
Щʧ䣬ܿ죬ЦЦֲԸҲǿֻҪұء
뿪·ҾͬǷֿˡ
˵ִ꣬ӴָͳһƷݹȥ
Ҳл
סˡ
ԭΪҹ£¶ٻû뵽»ô顣
ʱƬ̣ǵֶжξ֮һȥ븮úдһҲǾ
ûա

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ޱ˳üͷȴ΢΢
ǵֻǵԼ塣
Լƺƽջǿ׳ЩΪʲô
ȥҲ벻Լ˯ԭֻܿϣһСһ˼ҹ£ţȻ˯ˡ

һ˯üٴѹʱԺӳһȻͨ޾ֵС·˹ٵ
Ŀһæ
һԵСؽ
³ĬƬ̣ͳֽʣ仰ǼƷȻýƷסС޵ķϢرƿ뿪Լ뿪ˡ
ʱ֮ҵĳͣ
ȴ߳еǽǰǰҲûɣֱƿӡ
ƿһɫ΢䣬ɵðжϡ
Ȼվûס¡
ܿ죬㽫ֽ͵ǰ
ֽһᣬȻ˵ּ۲죿
üͷһ壬ҡҡͷ
΢΢һЦֽ˵ˡ
òµġ
ֻϧڲŵ֤ô鵹ǱøЩ
ôһ룬ֶѶȥ
ࣺ
ҵȥǰһ󣬰Ѹҵ¶˰ɡ
ࣺ
Сүǣ
졣
໹ɵܿع𾪵λǡ
΢΢һЦ
ࣺ
˰Σ໹ɻСүôģ
Ц
࿴ı飬֪˵ĬƬ̣㹰뿪ȥˡ
ᾲ˽ǰЩϧ
ʵڽ±¶ݵһͰϳˣֻţվ飬˳ˮۣǸá
ԣһֱĬûнҴ
ɽӲͷʵ̫ѿˡ
û취ֻܳ²ˡ
̣·λմ͵ģҪȻǮҲôס
Ĵͻ飬ҳԻٸܹܾ
뵽⣬ϵһ΢Ц
ܹģҲܲˡ


37 
뿪ҳ֮, Ҳûлؽңȥɽׯ
᯲֪ȥ޾ֵ, Ҳ̫ģ½, µĻˡ
, ʿ, »Ҫ½᡺úðıһ㡣
ȻԽµݳ, Ͼ̫׸, ڻ콣ڵ, ȥ˲ǰ콣ռô
Ի½᡺úøļݲС
Ҫ, ǾãҲñҽ޸ǵ½ᡲС
ɽׯһ۱㿴½ǿþ޴ͩ
ʱ²Ǹ½Ļƽȡ
ǰΪ½, һȴԼ֮ˡ
½ٻ˰
½ᡸܵµϢ, ͷ˽һۣһԲ, һƱ˹
ͷһæС
ʮ֮󣬽ԼЩ, ½ᡱ㿰ͣ, εʲôԵ, ô죿Ѳõͨ챮ˡ
ºһʯ£ཹེһ󱭲ˮҪ˵õģŲţ
½ᡵͷһ裬죬Ҹﶼֻϣƽϲֱãɹϲˡ
΢΢һбΥӿһů
ʱС޾ʹ˳֨֨ץ
½ƳһСޣɫ̹ŹǺڼ޾Ūģ
ڼʲôΪʲô֮ǰδ˵
½ᡳĬ˰ΣС޵βͣƬ̣ŵȻϵãΪڼħħȻ޾
£
ôָħйأ
Ž·ħ˵Ǵħ£һʱҲ½ᡸ㼱æЩͬ½᡽һ顣
½ְ̧꣬С޷ŵϣݴ½ڼ顣
һ
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㶣ܿʶ½Ҫ鿴Ϊ
ýҲ½ᡰһ壬֡
½ְ˽µţһɫŹ
գ½ջ֣ʣ
üͷһ壬뷴Ψʶʵشˡ
½꣬ͷǹ쳣޷
ʲôæʡ
½Ƴ˽һۣûʲô
£
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ϾȻõͨ챮ΪҲһһϦһڳԳӵġ
һֳĴʦ֣ױϡ
½ôһ˵̾ͷˡ
֮ʱգ³˳ԳԺȺȣȻѱٹȣȴĪǰö಻ԵĶڶˣʲôӣˮ⡣
°ⶼΪԼ޾ֹ̫˵ˣҲûôơ
Ժһʱ֮󣬽ԭﻹΪƵҭûţҲõòˡ
ƣ¾ͻԳһǣǸô
Ժ˯
һ¹ȥ콭ԡʱ򣬷Լװ۵Сˡ
£
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ҪȻʱ򣬶ŸСϳ󰡡
ţ̲סһԼװ۵СǶǡ
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νûдСޣϾ˶СޣǴȥ̫ױ¶ˡ
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εʿ²֪ʲôɽ˺ֶС
ϴȥ޾ֵģǸɾӢеľӢĿҲȷԸΪϢΪǿҡ
ʿżĺʿμӣʿΪǸͷǳŽġձǢࡣ
²˰ͨɽ췽ϼŵɽ£ڨˡ
ҲǸɢޣΪҲǽ𵤳ڵӣʵΪҲǽڣɢ޲Ÿǰڨ
ɢԳε˵СһСʿ£ר뽻ѵġ
һ£;˺Եȥ
˱˴˽ε˽¼ϡŹֵС⡣
Ҳ˵㡣
һᣬεֵ볡Ǽȣ
Щ֣ɢ޲Ƕô
εæֲҪԳʯ˻Ȼҵȣûܻ׵أ
˵ţε͵͵ͳԼǿҵƵ㿴ǰոһŵӻġ
Ƴһҵƣһ֪ε˿ˣҲö˵ֻʣͬ˻ƣԼľˣ
˼ҲҪҵȻǸˡ
£
˵꣬ε̵صԸ⣬Ҳȥ
һ룬ЦЦǱ㲻ˡ
εӣԼ½ᡶ˼鶡ȵƣʱҲȸεһ顣
ε¾ܾЩ٣ܿˬûϵ볡ɣ˵췽ʳ׼ζʳر࣬ѵġȥƷһ
εô飬Ҳеʢȴ룬Ҳͬˡ
ߵϼǰеӭǳʾ볡ơ
ԼĶȣεԼҵȡ
Ȼεҵһͳǵӱü볡αġ
εˣ漴ͱⲻܰģҸͬ˻ģ
ǵһɫˣ볡Ͻףⶼ𣿡
Ҷͬ˻ģλ²ɡ
ϼŵӣ
һӣһɵƾǼٵģβܽذɡ
εֱ棬һԵĽ±ס׼ȡԼ׼һ˽ȥˡ
ƫʱԶʴһƺƵĶ
Ŀһʶͷȥ
ȻͿϤ콣ƯڿУһȺŰɫǳƳ콣ڵӽ̤߽׷ɽӵӰĻϷ˹ȥ˽
Ƴһۣ͹˹ǣջӣϸˡ
ſϼŵʱ¶ʮͺ;ı顣
εҲأϼŵɵñü˵ϼôƾʲô콣ڲ볡ƾܽȥȴҵƣ
ϼӶʱסˣǽ⻰̲ס΢΢һЦ
ʵεֻҪóʦŵƾ֤ҲܽϼŵҲ֪ܲԼ˳һˮ㶵ۼƣûֹһֱôεҲе㿴ɢ޵˼
εôһʣסˡ
ϼŵӶһۣһһˣǵʦкδṩƾ֤ҲԽȥ
εϼŵӵĻգգۣȻͳһƣϼŵǰһ
԰ɡ
ϼŵӼεͳƣɫʱˡ
漴Ǿ쳣ֹصʵѡǰʦ𣿡
һԵĽ£
εͬš
ϼŵӣ
֮εϼŵ¸׵ƣ˽һЦеĵ֣߰ɡ
£
ʶٻʿ̫ˣһɢ޾Ȼǵһ콣ܵͬţ
룬ܹŽѲԲȣ»Ǻģʲôˡ
֮εıȴҲĸһûɢûʲôŽ°ѵʳ˸飬һϼṩ׵볡ƼαʯʣʿĲĿУҡڴŽȥ˼׵Ȫء
ҲʲôƤˣεԺҪ˿Ҳʲô
˴һʯ˼׵Ȫأˡ
εһ߿޹ǷצһߺϺõƣ̲סҡͷԵظп֪׵ȴôãһʼ͸ðǼһͷҡײƭġ
Ŀ⶯˶ȻһʼͿü׵ȣΪλҪȥҵȣ
εͷеεС˵ҽʦǼ˹ϵģƽʱҲôǡ
Ȼ֪ε¸һҲǸڴŻͷεġ
ôһ룬·ε˼֣ЦЦε˵ԼҲߺŽԼŵģεȴʱذӴһ
ְ˿ݣôҲСӰһΪֻôԵ˲أ
£
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ϲɵð˺죬ȻŬһСһЦԵеɡ
εΪ⣬ٺһЦ£ҪϲУ
£
Խ˵Խˡ
ڽŴһᣬȥͲٳԶʱһϤ
Ҳˣɰ

üͷһ壬鲢򵥡
εɫŹһᣬЦһҲˡ
΢΢һЦߵȪԣұʹֻû뵽Ҳ֪ˣҾ͸ͬ˺ˡ
εЦ£Ҿѿֵģģҵġ
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£
ε⻰̱һüôԼ˵
΢΢һЦ˵ת뿪ˡ
εæعͷȰ£ְҸҲ죬Ļϡ
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ε˺С̫װˡ
˵Ҿ϶ˣ
ε⻰㶣оȻĪ΢΢һ˿ů
֮˳ԳԺȺһεȵģ¿Цãֻȷȥס
εƷеڴϻȥġ
²̫һڷϾε̫Ѿǳ˵ע⣬Ҳ֪ûгҹٵġ
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룬¾ѵǽԵĶ̫̫ˣ
Ƭ̣±뿪˷䣬׼ȥһ¡
߸ҵһƬƧС֣һӰֱ
ɫһһƻӳ˵Ĺƣ˺󼸲վʲôˣ
䣬±¹п˵ģȻࡣ
µʱŹ
౻һбˣҲʱΪΪĸߣͼıô
Ϊεģ
ۣεݲ򵥡
¸εãҲΪεȨƣǾ˼ƣʮֿɰ
ټϽ±Ҳϲ࣬Խ±㵭Ǹ׵ôôֽѶҪܣ
ɫ䣬һӭ泯´˹
˿ãһƳӭĳ
Ȼһĳ˸ӡ
ࣺ
ܿ죬ҧȥ
֮󣬽УȴľΪȻµǳ
ԼɫսȦ˸ֹͣƵ̨ʦˣ
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һ£ֵˣµˡ
ҲҲϣֻСү죬ٶ¡
ɫʱһݣ϶ԼĲ²⡣
ĬΣֻܹǰѵǡ
¿ûһۣתߡ
࣬»ȥ֮һ۴˲˯εЦЦ
ֱһڵ΢΢üͷ
ᣬҲȥˣմһܣ۵úܣŲ¡
ǽ±㵹˱Ȳ꣬Һ£˯ˡ
ڶһ磬¾û˯ã㱻˷ܵεȥ˱ֳ
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±ЩԸ˵Ҫ֣ǿһ㾫
˵λ߸˻δڻûء
ݣ»Ǻܺġ
ôһ룬±ϴһ£εȥ˱ֳ
ʱֳѾɽ˺ûλõĶʿֻվĵϡ
εм׵λã¸һ𣬺ܿߵϯλи߲㣬ϸڣһš
콣ڵλãõģһۿȥ㿴Ÿ߽׵ӷ̵Ͼ˼ˣɵð˸ۡ
Ӿʲôʱε
εĿתضŶߣһڴЦ˿ˣ˵Ҫȳʱ
£װģ
ˣỹǿ񣬶εķ
ڣʱˡ
չ⽥ܣϼ϶һ㵭ϼԣϼɽԴӳ£ԳһɫʸС
ϼɽΪʲôҪϼɽˡ
ȻһȻԶȥЩ
ţһϮ۱̤һ׵ķɽӷ
Ƿɽӹ֮ܵ˶γһ߲ʵĺ⡣
ɫϼǰ۷ǳͼϣϸܵĽ
ͷڣٱչҫְһǳ⡣
Ӻݻˡ
ڳʿˣ޲Ľ̾ԭеһС鲻һҲӾһ̳ʧˡ
ɽֻһۣ˽ԭء
Բۣ


38 
ǰӾ, ôƳһģһ
⵽и˫ֵ̥ܣѹһʼƭԼ
һϮ, ģӺӾƺһ, Ҫ˽ȥ21
, Ϊʲô䲻Ҫʱ֣
ҡӾ, ǰ˵Щȫǻѻˡ
Ӿ콣ͽ, ٻ, Сͱúúõ, Ҫ˵, ȫʿˡź׸һʦȻӣҲƿеʦǰ㰡
ȥˡ
趼Ǻƭڵֶΰͨ챮ǷַѰ
˵ַѶǶˣƿ϶֪, Ըͨ챮ҲδԼĶ֣ͨ챮ѹ, Ŀǰ滹ûǸȥ״򿪡
Ҫǣ֪ͨ챮ڽ, Ҳ൱ڼӰͨ챮
ŵġ
Ƶа
뵽⣬嶼΢΢ȭͷҲ֨֨߬, ǽԼ졣
εµı, ֱ鲻, æһѽ¡
ôһεֽȭͷ߬·һ̾ͻ̨ȥƴһ㡣
εһæСôˣһ㰡
Ȼعʶߡ
ΪӾǱߵʱЩ鲻ԽǲԾվʿţһվţȻԵùЩ
ʱĬĬҧҧȥȻ̲סεȷӾ
εһ£˭
£
˵εָһ콣Ǳߣ㿴㿴λˡ
俴һۣȻ㿴һϮµӾ콣
ʱ߿һۣĺտͨȴʲô
ĿԣЦһͷȥ
Կ϶ƿ϶ѾϳˣôװҲúܡ
һԵε
ܾԼܳԵʲôˡ
·ŵĶѾʿע⣬ʱһýֻǸĽߣƫӾһۡ
һӣϯλ㰵ɧ
˭ȻӾɫˣ
֪Ǽ׵ϯôδˣ
˭֪أǸƭƭȵġ
֪ҷҲһˣӾҲǺõİ
Щʿǵ̫ͣĶʿȻˡ
ЦһʲôʱҲƭ˾ͺˣǺǡ
εҲЩʿۣæµ֣֣һƽϣǶǲ⡣
΢΢һЦ˵ʲôأܱӾעһۣҵңǿ϶Ľʺˡ
ε
ɤҲͣʱǵʿǻȻǵýʿ񣬵û뵽ȻôҪ
ȻӾỹϯҲҹۣҲ²֪ʲôʱ㴥Ӿۡ
ϼۼЩԣæһλྲȻӾѵӾΪʿĻɣ
Ӿ΢΢ףྲ漴޳ָһţսббһá
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ʯһ˲ȻѿȥǳбһʮʯƵľ޴ƽ̨
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ȻԼҲɡ
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εǴʯ̨̲ס˷֣ܵⳡ׳۰кϷˡ
µһ᲻ȥôѡʱ򣬽ʿͦģУдһûϵ
εͷҡ˹ġ
ݸ۽һƲǱһϮ»콣Ӿ˱ķޱȡ
ε⣬Ҳǰ뿪ϾεԸæտŵ㣬㲻þͱ˸ˡ
룬Ծ˰ӣֱӵϣͷʼ
ڵļ׵ϯλúܺãҲۣôһٶ˴ҵע⡣
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εô
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εһȻҲǣɵͷ
ε̲סƣѰ˼ŽҲǸ𵤰Ϊʲôѡ
²֪εﻰҲˣԾӸ˯˸㡣
ⲻ֪ڼ䣬Ӿų߿»Ȼ֪ȴƽ˵ۺ죬Ī͸Լһѵˡ
Ҳεĸˣԭ˶ƣǸôӺѡʼһȥġ
õǼ׵ȾͲһˣ׵ȿھʱֱսκѡ֡
ʱҪս˶
սҲֻһλᣬ˾ûˡ
Ͼ˼ùҲЩ׵ʿҲ
ѡʱܳҪգձϢ
Ҳò͵ʱ䡣
ϸչһòʱ䣬±һѳϵӣʿĹĿ⣬εȥʳˣܵñӻ졣
ˣ
ƼĽ£Ĵߵ΢΢һ˿Ц⡣
ԭΪֳϻ㣬û뵽㡣
ҲǽӣΪϲ
ôһЦʿˣЩʿ뿪ıӰŹĥ
ӾĿζôϲֵģ

»Ȼ֪ԼѾǵĿεȥϼʳãһԼϲԵʳƣѡ˸õλãٺ۾
ϼˮҲΪ̣滹ǧɫζ֮ȻһĴ̸Ƽһ¡
𣬳˼ʳеһ֬ź۸⣬һСһС飬ιԡ
¸˼ȥһƽдżּɤ
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Ļ̲סͶ䣬ȻͺϾعͷȥЦƽȣιҲιιʿҲιֲڵϲˣδع̫ܵ˰ɣ
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40 
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ʱаѰɣ
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εԸ񣬿űַͬѰӾֺ²ϲְ׸ɵ
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ͳɤڽ¶Ϲһʪȵķ磬¶ʱһ
ţ뵽һΪϤЩζεůС
ӾãİѳסԼ֮ľ롣
Ӿֻôһһס±ͷ巢
ϵÿһ缡͹ѪڽŸǰˡ
ر룬ر롭
뵽衭


42 
Ȼܿ, ±ӲҧһͷʹԼ˼֡
ȥקӾֱۡ
ɲܾôױЭ, Ե֮ǰ˵ĻǶϷ
Ӿֱһ㣬棬˿
ôһᣬǰѽԼɫ, ΢΢˶Щ֧ˡ
Ӿ״һҲûȽ¼, Աһѽ˱Ťͷȥ
£
Ӧѵ, ҲӦý˵ģɱӾôһסӾȿؿ, Ϥ, лһһ
̲ס޾СɳĮµ˶ɹǶʱ⡣
һ, ӿ, µ촽˼, ĬĬˡ
ӾĽ͡
Ժһ, ҲӾĽ͡
֪, Ӿоôģֻǰ¶ˮԵ, ˣ
ҹ˳Ŵ, ˵°ڽ֯һ, ΢վ쳣Ͱ
ͺͰ£ڲŵģȴǸ˲
Ӿѽ±ߣ֮󣬱ڴ
¼״ʶ˱ӣԼͷߣɶȴʼӾߵĶ
Ҳ֪ԼôôŤܾŤһ°ɡ
ӾŽģɫĪ˼֣Ȼ񡣡
¶䶯һ£ȴȻ档
Ӿʱȴؿ°һϸĶ΢΢һ㡣
Ӿɫͣȴǲɫĵ񣬱ҵˣ𣿡
Ӿ仰ӾأͻȻͷһ˱ӣŤͷӾŭĿӣһ䣬˵ʲô
Ӿ
˰ΣӾ¶˼ƣ飬ҡҰ˻ҴӦˣ֮ǰҲʿǣҵĵ¡㻹ôбԭô
±ӾŶôᣬܸ˵Ӿȥ䡣
ɰѽġ
漴¾ҧԱߵһͷӾȥôûİɣ㵽׶ôŽϲһˣ
Ӿͷ˸ţ㲻꽭µĻĬƬ̣Ȼ̧ͷһ˫տڵӾŽ£Ҳ֪ϲһˣǿѹģԼҲѹġҲǡ
㵽Ϊʲôģ
ԭ볭һͷҹȥӾⷬ޳ָȴ͵ؾ߬ס˴˶סˡ
ţҧȥӾ۾
Ҳ֪Ӿ̫αװˣĻڶӾӵһ˲䣬ͷ͵ز˲
ƺӦŽµһԵеȻٲһ£ܳһ
һ˲䣬Ժеļ类ԭˣôԴݿ֮Ʒȼ
ֿҹ§ǧﱼϮϾ˼˵׷ɱ
ֿԸԼǿʶľ޴ʹ࣬ҲԸԽ׳һ
Լժ۲һ˲˪ѩէһľޡ
ĶͲһʱ̵ˡ
ţ¾ȻۿЩ΢΢ˡ
ǰӣججس˺Ⱥ˯Щ䶼ĵΪľǲЩгһͻȻ֣Ķ͸
ɴʱ˿̣Щȫӿʱ򣬽ֻȻ֣ʵûôʹ
ϲģźôʹأ
ʱӾŽ°ƯݣĽë΢΢糺ۿҲ֪ͻȻĳ嶯֣ḧ˽µĲ
񣬱ޡ
΢΢һˣ
ӾָһȴѾ۽ǷһξӨ
³סˡ
Ҳôݵһ˲䣬Ӿ۽ޣӸߴ˽Ƭ̣Žϸ°ͣͷȥ
Ӿ˿Եңȴ࣬һ˲ƾܵ͸ᡣ
ԾɢǹĵͷڻδȥϵĻû£»㱼ΪԼͬһֻص޾֡
ɻȻһ˲֮󣬽ȴʶƾܣΪϾϵġơ
ӾݣƱø̫ࡣ
ȻӾķӦȽ¸վ쵽ȴ˼۾δѾ֣ץס˽ϸȻ˳һȥʮָۡ
µָӾֱϣ˼˿ۣɺܿ죬ָˡ
ǵȴ֪Ȼ͵ؾ֣һקӾͷڡ
ѵһ׹ڵϣͬһ𣬵˸顣
Ӿ΢΢һȴֶһȥ·
񣿡Ӿüͷ΢塣
ҧҧͷͿӾϵңӾơ
Ӿһ˲ܿ죬㵭һЦϵٴ˽µĴ
ƣԶǰơ
۽޿һ˲侹Щٴӿ˳̫ײˡ
ƫƫڽ̲סҪֱƵʱȻ½ᡵ
£˯𣿡
µ类һˮͷһ㣬һ飬Ȼˡ
漴Ҳ˲ñģһҧ㾶ֱӾ˴ѹɤߣ½巢֣
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˰Σڽ¶ûܵӾĶΪһҪĵģ̲סż
Ȼǰӱ
ɴƮһ΢ʱӡ˽Ķͷϡ
ҡҷµͫҲȻˡ
һ
ƶԴԵɤһӶţţһӰʧ˽µĴǰ
¹ǣǰԾĴԾЩ㱡
½Ҳʱ˽
һ𣬽͵ػعȻæһԵӾŰŰɣȥˡ
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£
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Ȼ½һһۿ˵ϡõںӡ
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½ᡳĬƬ̣̾˿Žݵ̶һʱ򣬱ħˣỹԲѣھ͵ҽΡ
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½᡿˿µɫֵʵҲ̶ֻ˵òأ˵ضѡ
³ˡ
ţ½ᡱ˱ۣɫЩصħѾסˣɵʱҵ̶·ѺħĵΣȴͻȻײӴܶħ޷ôصġ
ȻعҧҧҼǵĶڹ̲ǲҲ
ҡ
͵սȭͷ
½ʱŽµı飬촽˼Σվ˴ûа̨Ļ߽¡
»ǸӣӦΪ˼ôԼҸ
ҧ˼Ƭ̣ϱ½壬ҪϾ
½ɫ΢䣺Ͼȥ
µͷʱڣҵϾһȥЩƷ˳չزڻûʥϾͳĲӣֱھҶȻˮǲȥ׸
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漴͵¶ͱ¶ɡ˼Ҷ۸ˣ浱ǽûˣ
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룬ֵεҲҪȥҸһҲе̣ӦòڴʦƤӵ
½ᡣ
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½᡻عæҡҡͷ£Ҳһ˺ˣ̨۸㡣
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ʱ룬һ£Ƭ̣ԽµȻҪϾм¾͵ôá
µʲô
½ִӻһöڵҩ裬ݵǰҪȷǸӾͰˣʡ֮𲻱ҪǷ
£
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治֪һ޹
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С
Ȼˣ
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½ôһ˵̱ӿֳ˿
ôС֮ǰ˫
£
漴¾͸оؿһѪӿֺˡ
½һס֣ס
½ʱֳ̥֣Ѱϲҵһξûܸоƴ㱾Ѫ֧治ӾʲôǾ̥Լ
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ҧҧͷԼСǰΪǷֵһֱԸϸϸȥ
һ±оһ΢΢͹𣬻ڻ䶯ţʮů
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ˡ
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òʱ򡣡̧ͷ½ᡵĻ
½һ£ûӻˡ
Ŵ߬߬ȭͷԴḧһСܿ¶˾ģһеöҩ衣
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Ϊӵܣô˽Ļôʸ½һ˰ȥգ
οδ£ڸѾ᧿ΣľأʵǲٰѽҵһΡ
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µͷڴߣ׼ȴŽʹȴûϵͻȻθȷһġ
º޷ͷŻ
½ᡸ߳Զ̻ͷ
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½סˡ
ᴭϢŻعҲסˡ
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½ڿǺɫӡһ̣кȻ˱㽩ԭء
ʱ۵ôԻĽ޳ָŴ죬о̥ĲֻҧǲҪ㣬ʵǵû취ȥ⹫˺òã
˵⻰ʵ۵úͿˣѹûʶ̥ܿûԼʶû뵽˵꣬оȻʹˡ
£
ڽʮ𾪵ʱ½Ѿְ˽ºǿɫӡϡ
ȻհȥӡһΪ۵ĺ⣬Ӳ̵鿪ơ
½ᡣ
ҲʱʶԼϻƬɫӡæסӡ½ᡣ½ôû˵ɣ
ӲӾġ½᡽ŽµɫɫЩء
סˣ½⻰ʲô˼
½˼ֺ߳˼㶼޾ʲôˣ⻳ġǸħ̥
£
ħ̥
Ȼ֮ԺкȻ˿һ¡
ţоȻ˼ֿϲͽ
Ϊħ̥ӾЩ±㶼˽͡
ԭΪֻӾħȾӱħ̥ӾȻҲħ
ΪʲôҪβʼԼΪʲôҪȻ˻齭ңҲ˳Ľ͡
ǹӾʦ𶫷ź׵ۣȻҲġ
ѹֶźҪӾΨʶѹ뿪޾֮Щħ
źͿʼħǲζħ¼һ
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̫ˣ»عȻ߬ס½ᡵ֣Ҫϲ
½ᡣ
ģǱɵ˰ɣ


43 
ԼĲ²˷ܲ, ȻһƳ½ᡵɫ, ֪Լǵˡ
Ὥ΢΢һ, ָ飬ȻһԼӾ齲½ˡ
Ȼʡȥ˺ܶ಻Ҫڡ
½꽭µĽ, ɫ, ޾µǸˣʲô֣ǲչˣ
û뵽½ᡵĹעȻ, һ£ܿҡҡͷҲֻ֪֣˵ʶҪǸ
˸ӳ½᡿, Ĳ԰ʱ½ᡱ˱, Ǿˡ
£˭
½, һ£ֻЩǣ̫, ȹЩʱ̥ٸ㡣
̥̥ˣ°৵һ±ͨ졣
½üô㻹
£
Ȼ¾һ, , ͷȥ, °Ͷ޲Ҫؿˡ
½ʱŽµı, 뵽·Ǿϲı֣֪п϶ħ̥
Ȼ½᡾ħ̥ǸŷһȴҲ֤ħ̥Ҵ򣬷»ᷴ亦
Ҳֻܾɡ
ôһ룬½Ҳ˵ģŻ˼㵭Ŀǰûʲôȵķħ̥Ϊ룬ʱŰɡ
½⻰˿̧ͷĪ;õ˸Ƶġ
ӱסǺ¡
²־ߺħöˣСʱ򻹿ħమĻħ̬һֱǺܹġ
ֻҪħˣûʲô
Ͼﴴɻ˳ħأʵ㣬ҲԼҲǸСħͷˡ
ҪǣƵĺӡ
һʼԥ֮󣬱᲻ˡ
һԵ½᡿Žµ飬Ͳĵ뷨Ҳ˵ֻҪ̥ûǲҪϾһȥҰɡ
»عæüУұһˡ
½һȰֵ˵ħ̥ǿҿҲԾúܣĿǰûʲôĶӦò¡
ҡ½һȥҵԸ㡣
½ᡳĬˡ
ͷһ仰ܷһȷʵˡ
½ᡸ̽ܣûٳԴףóȻǰȥ᯲Ҳ֮С
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С˷ܵؽһ
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ݳ½ᡣų˵ĶԻʱĿⲻɵ΢΢һ
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εŽµɫ֪ܣҲﲻʲôæֻܰСޣСܣǽ²ˡ
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ȥɣһɡ
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µ˵ͷͬˣô˼ǸĿ⿴½һۡ
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½Ҳ˽̨룬̨֪벻ֺĵˣҲΪʲôûǿƷԽ´Ӧ̨İ
ֻą̇̄ĹڣЩȥ
ܿ죬½᡾ͱ˱ۣȥôˡ
ֻҪýƽһ̨Ǹ˽ҲûʲôԵġ

䰲
ɫͨޱߵԾںٶϣ仨ľҡҷ죬Ƨȴʢơ
ɴʱĵУһյҰ׵ҹӫӫţϣȾӢڴ˿̾ԵüΪɲ
|¶ѶϣҲͷλֻϣЩ߹ȫһ޸˵
ӾұؽʬΣ
͵߬һԵ֣ʴʹֱһ
ʱһɺϢؾʹӿ˽ǰ۳һźɫ޳Ӱ
Ǻ˱㲻Ҫ׶ݣӲɡ
͵ҧŭΪβȸӾҲǸ߽ħ壿㲻˵ݴ½ĸ߽ħֻһ𣿣ҪȻô׶֣
˻̧֣¶޳԰׵ָ׹һڽɫķʱԼֱϰɫħƣħƶڸ߽ħ屾ͻеִȡħƵһ̾͸֪Ӿܶˣƫˣֿԣ

˰ΣۣŤͷǻΪ̫ˡ
һȴ͸ŹȵЦǺ˵һʮֺЦ顣
һᣬҾ㣬ӾҵģҪٸҶҲҪȣҪˡ
˲ɫɷףɫȲʡ
ܿ죬˱ָۣɫϴθҵħƣѾ˽ϣֻҪǣҲմȾħƣʱҪͨ챮ˡ
΢΢һЦá


44 
˿ڳεĸ, Ѿ˳ε·, Ҳ, ͵̨ˡ
֮ǰ̨͸뽭£ҪʱҪ
´̾ͻ, һʹɤʱƵҩ, ˵ǸȾ˷纮ɤӲԾڹȥ
һ׼֮, ̨Žȥ˽˱Ŀջ
ұ, ǲ֪ģΪ˵Ҫħš
־ҽ, չʡ¶ҷ, ½ҡ
, ұֲܰϢϣһ˱·, ˡ
¸ִ̨ｭ˱Ŀջʱ, һ۱㿴ջſڵĲ
ͷЦ, һȻǶ
ǰôαװ, ʶ˻׼, Ҳı, ҪȻǣֻԼҲҪù
Խ뽭ԽŭӿޱȺڵ޾־֪ǼһϾ˼ҧˣ
ᣬмǹҽ᯸İΣұֵ̫ԣ㰴ӣ鵭ظ̨һߵ˿ջǰ
һһ̨ͽ£ɫͲԾˣǻǹǰ£ʦ
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һʱһ¶Ϊѵ⡭
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ħƲô
̨һ仰ڣĻųһ亹ٶ˵
һƲæʦ˵ﻰҲǵӣʦȻû⣬Ȼû⣬ȥҲ޷
˵ǻĶһʹ˸ɫǻ̾͵ԶԶԣС۲ʶ̩ɽʦȻԡ
̨ǵС޶ãֻ·ɡ
һæǰһתߵһȥˡ
¼״֪Ҫȥ֪ͨҵˣ̨ڣҾˣҲҷôһ룬±˼֡
ą̊́ͽ½˿ջܿǽ˽סԺ
һԺ±ŵһŨŨĲҩζűǴ˷Ŀ
зɤͷһۿȻȣЩ޲һ߿ǻȥ׸
ʱҲֻӲסˡ
̨ƺǿ˽µ˼һԵĻʲô
ǻЦźλ
ȥ

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һʱ䣬Ժֻʣ̨ͽ¶ˡ
̨뿴˽һۣ㵭Ҫ͸Ͽ죬סᡢ
ҧҧͷܣ첽ߵԺĵһ䷿ڡ
һ߽ȥͿԼغڴԣԼһί١
غ׸ŵıҲʮֲִڣͷĹһûҩ֭ҩ֭Ũڣɢһɵⳡᡣ
¼״۾ɵһᣬ̾ǰȥһѷס˽غҪؿڵֱۣ㣬Լ
غŻعЩ㱵̧ͷ˽һۣ漴Щ£
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±غôһץ˶ˣ밲οغײ˵غ׵ȴȻųһĺ
ţغɫɲǼֱޱȣץµֱۣ͵һҧȥ
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֮ʣһϸϸɤȻԺ
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ԳƬ̣»Ŵְ˻ԹȥĽغ׵ӡá
ָⴥغӡõһ˲䣬һɺɫϸܰߵħӽغ׵ӡԴԴӿ塣
´󾪣
һӦҪ鿪֣û뵽Щħ뵽֮󣬲ûŪůġ
ҡСҲһ

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±ͷһᣬбЩˡ
᯼µɫҲ΢΢Щ죬æվ
վʱ򣬽±ӭȥȴһֵ顪˶ȾħΪʲôΨûУ
ͷ΢΢˳ӦбΣҪóεѯʽʱȻһ
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Ǿ仰ʱɫ΢䣬ҲųȥɵߵſڣԺŵ̨ͼʱüͷһ壬ֲɫ˻ȥ
ڣ뱣֤ԼƽС
̡

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ɫعһЦǴʦɷԸһ飿
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ܿ죬һЦ͵ֻҪ߹ҿϵӡǵٱá
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ʱԺǸϸϸɤֵȥء
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ȻҲȿǹ⣬αƣҲ֪᲻١
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ɽʱѾ˹ȥҲûа취ֻӦˡ
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ΪһϸСȴޱǿʱӵӿʶЩݷŵħ
ߣʲô⣬ҲҸҶһҪǸ˵ãھͳ㣬ԭα¶

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Ǵ˿ֻ̣ʶкǸ߽ħǰ۲ʶ̩ɽûϳǰǰ
ߣ˭ǰҲûӣ

Ȼ˿Щħգû취ӱ粵
գ͵ջ֣ɫ԰ףסϢ
˷ֻڴ¼һ˲ɫ䣬ڳл̨룬ֲ巢ʲô
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˳Ժɤָһ׷˾һƬСɽ֮С
ɽïܣɭɭǰնɢһɵĺ
Դħ̥֮󣬽±ħӦҲ쵽ɽֻħû
漴±㰵˽Ų˼֡
ǰ˰·̣²ӳҶǰȻһƬˮ̶Ƕ͵ɽڣɽԻһɽ
ͷһǰȥȻɺһǰһ׷䵽ˮ̶ǰ
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һһȻħ壬±һȻס˺վԭû߳ȥ
ţħͷ˵ʲô
鵭Įػһ䣬תҪߡ
ħȴʱȻסƵĲЦشȥ
£
ŭģħ嶼ôҪ
漴붼δ룬ͳ׼ħ˹ȥ


45 
µһ, ħҲ˸֪ɫһ, ̧һɺ˽
ħʲôˣ
û˿ԥ, ֱ˳
ħ³֣˲΢˼֣ܿ, ΢΢һЦԭɩӣɩӿˡ
ħ٬£Цһ, ȥħʹһѾˡ
ͷһû, ǰνֱħؿڣ

ħѹûϵƻνһʱסˣǳֱֱǰ˹ȥ
һĻǽҲɵˡ
һ˲, ͵ս, ħðؿڣŵƣʹд޾Թޣܿ, ħתֻһź̷ȥ
סͻı仯ýͷһ̲סᲽҪ׷ȥ, ȴ, ׷, ǲǸ|
²ٿȻͣסȻҧ͵ػͷԶźµơ
ƸĿԣһ۵ʱ黹ЩȻܿ죬ָƽȻ飬ĬĬսǰ
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ͷһ漴̹ȻǣҶˡ
㻹ҽ͡
ôش˲Ȼ˼֣˺һᣬŵħ塣
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ƳĬãƭ㣬ǲͬһҿԽܡ
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ƴ΢΢˹Ȼ¶һƷ˿ҶļôΣԴ뿪޾֣δ˵һħҲǻʹġ
ϵͻȻ̿ϣģһʱֻñָĲط̣ǲԸôƣȲֶƭҪȻҲôûʧ֪һ뿪֮ѹ˶ôУ
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ȪˮףϪˮעȴ˳ر߶Ҫ
ˮҺε峺̶ˮеӰӶҡҡλεѳƬֽߣʪһԵĲݵء
ڣҹˣע뵽еϪˮҲָֻͣյƽ·˯һ㡣
ͬյǣҲӲһϪˮˡ

Ʊų˯Ľ£̤ɫ԰ͻ˳εĸۡ
½ڵš
Ƶʱ½᡺üԣȴֻͷǰúչ˰ˡ
½ᡣ
Ҳֻ俴һۣҲ˵Ļˡ
˭ԼҺӲ׷תأ
½ᡱŽ߽ҵʱƻϣһᣬתȥ
ǲãᣬЩ黹û꣬㲻ãҲá

ǰҹ̥һŪ˵ġ
ԺֻøʹִԼħ̥ڽ
ǲǲҪˣ
⻰ԭĲȻ˹
󣬽±üĬĬʱĴһͷһƣȻֲ
Ĺע㲻ħ̥˵Щ
ʱḧСۣʶʼħ̥
Ϊʲô˵Ҫ㣿ֻǲ֪ѡŬԼԵһ㡣
ߣƭأ֮ǰңҲҪڵô֪ܲƭġ
ͫ΢΢⻰ʲô˼֪
԰֪ǲҡ˵ǲѪͳߣϲ
촽ź˼ΣնûʳʵĻ󣬽һ۵ѪͳߣΪʲôѪͳ߾Ͳϲ
ħҴмﻹнһħԼѪͳ͵ĶӻءҾѪͳͦߵİ
ħ̥ίͷ˵ˡ
˵Ҫ̹ϣΪʲôһ
ȥħȢô
ǾԼħ壬ӣԾôţ
Խ룬Խķꡣ
ƫħ̥
һʱʧأһȭһԵĴϣѵһ죬ӾȻôˡ
£
ԭŭޱȵĽ¿ǰĴܣ
ܿ죬½᡺̨붼˽
ɫе͵ؿһ۳ĶˣһǿСˣǸǸ
½ᡣ
̨ʱ˽һۣȻˣãмҪ֪ͨһ
ͷһ֪Ǹйص£æ
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ˣʲô֣ڻԲѣүҪεңֻǽˡ㻹ǡ
ʦ˵ô࣬޷ǻȰҸֳסµ̨Ļ
̨һû˵ȨĬˡ
ʱ˱ۣ뵽ڿջܿΣ뵽ħ̥Ŷ˵һίĻһģĳȥ
ʵΪƣʹӦεˡ
Ͼⷽûн񱣬ҳεƷҲ֪ⶼǻݻ¡
ֻίһֱûѡ·
ȴǵĺίˡ
±ãðȻ㲻ʣҲûбҪΪŲޡ
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ܿ죬̨ε˵ˣԸ⣬ֻҪܰﵽңҲû
̨⻰̱ε浥ģ΢΢һů
󣬽±ȻԸ⡣
εΪίûҪΪίԼˡ


46 
˵Ը⡯仰ʱ, Զ, Ȼһըס
˶һ
½üͷһ, 첽ǰ৵һ±˴
Ȼ⿴ʱɫīڳ, Ҳûһ, ̫Ķ
̨ʱҲ˹ɫ΢΢Щ䡣
Ծ
½ûлش̨Ļ, Ͼٴɨһܣֱʵǿʲô쳣ļ󣬲ֹ˴, ħ塣
̨롰šһ, ȴȻʣô
̨ʻýͷ΢΢һ, ½ᡱ¶ʲô
½ҲǼ˴, ֻ㳤Ӿ, ӦñҸ
̨˼Ҳǡ
˵䣬̨ҲͲ˵ˡ
գԼ½һ¼Ҫעǣ̨뿪˷䡣
½Ŀ̨ɫӰ뿪, , , ͷʽ£˵³û
ͷһ, ܿ͵û³ֻҪܳɣܾȽˣҵ¡
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³ĬƬ̣̾˿΢΢¶ƣ̬
½᡼飬ҲʣֻߵһԣȡɴеϢɣպ롣
룬Ҳ˵ͷɻص˴ϡ
½ҲʱϨ뿪˷䡣
谵һƬʵĴУȴ̫ܲƽ
ĵиը׸йء
ûг֣ҲԸϹ£ԷһᣬԻǱ۳˯˹ȥ



Ũīĺ׷ҸϣȺ˳嶥
ɽԣɫƮ費ֹ޳Ǳһխĵһ㣬
һܿҲǰʵ壬Ծǰ¼Ǹħ塣
ʱħºɫĶñ¶һұޱȣĪݣԵ˿ڿн֯裬ӳѩ޵ĲĻˡ
˵ˣԶ㡣ĬĬνٴζ׼ǰؿڡ
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һ˿⣺죡
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⡱ֻδأеĳһɫһ㣬ֱؿڡ
ֻһΣǺȡ˽ѵ˲ûһźɢ˿ȥ
Ƭ֮ǺĵطȵЦ磬˵Ļݵɩӣ֤˺ˡֻҪһħ壬һк˵
ս˵Ҳٻħ壬㰮ħԼȥҺ£
ʱ¶˼ίɫԨǼһ۸ңƼְУħͷʢұѹġ׸磬Ҳҡ
׸磿Ҵñ˰ҵʱôûǵ׸磿䳰
ĬĬ졣
ޱĿźԴģϱӵҲƽϣҲñҼƽϡ
Ҵˡ괹۵
Ʊ˱ۣһԲתΪһʧĻ
꿴뿪ıӰԭί޹ɫȴһ㻯Ϊ˽ܵЦ⡣
Ȼβֻɩɩˡ

´Ӧ˸εĻ֮󣬱һж
ֻҪ޸εȻĿڽϡ
չ˽˵Σ̨ܹʦʱҪȥ
˳ƻԴѹһҡ
Ļ»ûеͬ⡣
ڣ͵ųεˡ
˽ǰ̨Ϊ˱֪Ϣ¶ˣȰװɽºͳεģϳεרȥ̤ࡣ
ºͳεǴ˱ĴӲ뿪ȥ˹
û뵽ҲȻϵˡ
ʵ֪εҪ³׵飬ֻյ̨֪߾Ȼһ߽ħ֮бһֱݲ
գεµ̤࣬ȥĻǽ⡣
֪ԼλĸݵҲڽ⣬һĲͷˣ̱˸ȥ
ε±ʮ˳صִ˹С
¶ھƲ̫˽⣬̨밲ŵжŷԭҵȻѾ˿ֲľء
εҲ˽µɻȴŽȥĵƫһ̫ϲ裬һ߱Խµ͵ջúܣԵȴֲϸʦ
һε⻰Ϊ̨ҪаѳεиԼǫ̂ĹˣεȷʵͦΣյġ
ϾڻڹУҲöʲôĬĬе裬ȳ۳֡
Լ˰ʱˡ
æųεһͬǰĵ
ȥʱ±㿴ɫĳϣ΢΢ƣζȴѰѬ㡣
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ٶһ¸ϡܿǲŵҲֻʣһˡ
ѹ̨ô
룬»˿ҵǰ
һ£ԭƻǵбԳЦŵԺӣ񡣡
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˵˵ţȴ֧°ͣԼҪ˯ŵ̬
£
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ۼ⣬̱㿴̨Ƶٵ
һ˲䣬±˳Ϊʲô״̬ô졣
ȻѾԪӤϾûзٽǵöֻأ̰˼䣬òҩ

۳һöٵɫЩ˽¼⡣
һһش𣬳⣬ҲԼ͸żĵĸַ·ʱ˯ȥĸо
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۶Ѿ־أȻҲ̫Ů£ôһ˳С˺ܶࡣ
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չù˳´ĵʱԼЩ㱡
ɾոεһ߳ĵʱ̧ͷײһˡ

ǱԼҵŽġ
һָܿƽɫ
ε΢΢һʱ¶ı顣
ڽסεҪѳεԼʱȻ俴һۡ
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ڽ±ۣʱȻ㿴ĵķ俪ڣ£̨ʦΪһ֮˽ȢҳӣϣΪ
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һ˵Σٴθ⻰ظһ飬һλ
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µţȿڸʲô
εҧҧ촽ͣס˲ӡ
Ȼô̱֮㾪˳ۡ
ܿ죬£ε˶´ĵ
Σ۵㲻Ʒôġ漰̨£ʮֽ䱸ġ
ǣѾҪٵˡ
ʱ϶Գ񣬱£̨Ϊ˽ͨ챮ϧȢҳӣò
ͨ챮ɫ˲䶯ݡ
µɫҲˡ
û뵽ͨ챮ó˵£ˡ
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һȻɫͱˡ
̨нףֻҪһգͱһհ̨ǵõͨ챮Ҫ˺ٺԼԷǳǡ
Ȼ⻰ɫȻ漴Ǻ΢΢Ե˻棿
ʵң֤ˡ
̼
˴֤εһ۱㿴ǾȻϵĹܼңɫ䡣
ǹܼҹ֮󣬱㰧ѳε̨˸顣
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εôһʱҲĿɿڴ
ƫǹܼỹͼӴ˵̨˼ٰɳεͽµģȥ⣬Լ͵͵ɼв졣
εװٿĪˡ
ѾûѣȻˣѴǫ́룡
ε󾪣æ˼Щ¶ǣ
зŵģǴ֮ԴҲ̨뵱ĵĸ̨Ҳ
ʱۿųεģЦһǷʵ̨ʦ˾֪ˡ
ε˾ǵߵڰף㲻Ǹˣ
ˣһŭ⣬쳣𺡣
̨ˣž֪ˡ
ԣɵõһЦεɫ԰ף촽
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漴ڽסǼȥ̫ࣺȥͨ챮ȡ
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Ϊ֮ѪҺֻ鶯֮˲Ӧ鶯̥ܽοһ֮һֻһˡ
˵棬̫ҽ̴˽ºͳεָܿ죬˶ѪҺһ𣬲ɢ˵⡣
ɫ䣺ܣôܣ
ڿºͳεѪҺڵһ˲䣬ɵɫʧΪһ˳εѪҲͬϢϢˣȻΪ̨롣ôȻεҲǱ̨ơ
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΢΢һЦǰȥ
磬˸ɻգ̨ӹܽڵĿջһԼϲĶ̵Ϊ
֪ⶼǲҲȻˡ

ڻȥϣɫƽǳε̲ס͵㷽ôѪںϵģ
΢΢һЦܡ
ʵΣҲǶˣȡѪʱħ̥Ĭħ̥ذæ
ȡѪľںˡ
⡭޷ǾǱħˡ
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ֻǽû뵽ԼôһȻ˾ˡ
ȥջӻؽ˵ĵ죬²ŷƺ˶֪Ѿ˳εġ⡱
˵ͨ챮ĴãѾڿˣֻ¾̫ˡ
̫ŵģպСӣ˭Ҳ
£
Ҳ̫Բ˰ɣʲôⰡ

ʱ븮һΧˡ
бǰͷŵôˣȻܰң
ҧҲ֪ѪôܸεѪںϡôᡪ
ħ̥
ͫȻ
촽¶СЦЦ˵˵ʱģҲƯýƯִֻСèƵģƤôãҲϲ

ҲãøȥԴȥɣʱҾİ˹ߣ
ɫٴι촽˶Ҫ˵ʱ򣬺Ѿֺݺֱϣħӣʱʹ
ɫصʱðѶϡ

΢΢Ŵͷ


47 
ʱ, 嶥
ڷ嶥, ԺԼӷ׷ļһ, ȴģģ̫С
˵Ҳ, ƲǵԼϱΪʲôתġ
Լ֪Լħݴ½, ݴ½ļ, ȴһ˿һǲˡ
ǹŹ֡
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˽ɤʮʱǵΪʲôȥôĵġ
ˮ, źûץ, ʼղģ̨ͰʦڣҲҶ԰ͨ챮ȥ˳, »תĿ꣬ʱҿܲ׽ˡ
˽ĬƬ, ̾Ҹ߹˶ź׵, û뵽ô
Ʊۣƽ¡, ҲҪźװ㡣
ԭڲμʿ֮ǰ, Ź˽عһ콣Ҷź̸С
źڸһ˽ʱ, ʮֻں, ʱƲϲ̸˵ԼǱʶûг
û뵽ź׾Ȼܴһ־硣
ԭСʱ͵͵˰Ƶħʱź׳ù˽߽ˣ͵س֣еħڵħЩƵħ飬ٲһ˽Ҫһڶźˡ
ʱǧһǹ˽棬˶źһУǰħ˻Ʋѡ
˽Ҳˡ
ɵȵȥҶź׵ʱѾ֪ܵȥˡ
Ʋ֪źǷ֮ǰ͸ٹ֪µ£ȷʵǼ֮ħĸٽ¡
ֻǲ֪ЩħλǵܵģǶź׻Щ
һֱҰѽ´ߣ棬Ҳ˽£ѡڵʱ򣬾һź׸ǰǵܵһ뷢ѣ±ɻӡ
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ҽֻУһħڣҪڶضѡ
һҹΨһݵһˡ
ֻû뵽ûʱ죬ץź׵İѱºȻͷҪ޸εˡ
Ȼ׽²ϲεЩᡣ
Ϊ¶ԳεʵҲЩںˡ
Ʊ˱ۣĬĬ³һֿԼҪ롣
˽ʱܵƷӿĬƬ̣ʵҵãôͨˣ鶼ҲùЩ
Ҳ˼̫ءƵ
˽һЦ㲻˼ǲ𣿡
ƿԡ
˺һᣬƱ˱ۣ͵Թңܱңʱʱ̿ôȥ˽Խź׺Ҫá
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˽ݸһħ壬һһ׵ġ
˽⻰΢΢һ㱼ܾ仰Ϥʲôʱʲô˵һ㡣
һ룬ָоʣŲС
ܿ죬Ʊ˴˼ܵ˽ϡ
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˽飺Ȼ㡣

Ȼһʼס˳εУػҪߵġ
Գͷһҹ±ȥ˳ʹ͸ҵլۡȳεס
ڶղʱ¾ͱϴˡ
ҪϾҪߣҲֻһߴŹǷһԵŮŪˡ
±üʱһͷ˿߸𣬴ͼڣһɫۣ֯ĵǣ̬˫ݡ
һԿˣֱϲЦտס޵ȻǷ绪ԣһȥֻϵǶûôÿ
⻰Ȼ֣˭ϲ˿أ
ʱ΢΢һЦһԵץһѽӸš
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ҪҲܳҾҸ̵Ҳͦõġ
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¼״һҧ͵ؾӡ
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ʱ֪ʵҲûӲҲһá˼ֱڻˣ
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¿ƵĻܲζеĪ־̫ˡ
Ȼǰ飬ⱲӶ֪ζβϡ
ǰΪʲôҪǸأ
²
ƱŽһ·һ·ڳĬ
ڣԼ̲סˣݺݵؾʹƻ̧ͷһѰסƵļ
ƣ
ῴ΢΢ѯʵüصЩֲģʲôǰⱲҲûԲ
ȻƬ̽΢΢ĿݣɵõЦˡ
㻹Ц
ֹס˵Цƣ¶һ˿ᣬԴ׵ɰ
£
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ƽָֻƽӣŽµӣģҲΪ¾Ͳϲġ㣬
漴΢΢ץƵֱۣŻҾʹָ˽
ԭƿŽµϻ΢΢Ц⻰һڣסˡ
㡭˵ʲô
£
֪˵©죬ֱҪȥѷŵԼһ٣Ҳû˰취ֻӲͷƤҵģҶ֪ˡ
ƣ
¿Ƶı飬ǸһǵΪ̾Ͱˡ
һ룬ƾͽرס˵΢΢
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ٴαյ߹Ƿʹһһ㣬ȴȻת˺üȦֳ˷
ͷתĽ£
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Ƿӵķ谡
ɿô˵ӣ±ôţȴ־ô裬Ȼ㡣
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к΢Цͷ׽Ĳ˵Ҳ鲻Խҡ
£
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Ʒ蹻ˣȴָֺܿӾƽģŽ½ݡ
ϣ¿һۣ̲סо仰һҪ㽲
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򴽣ǰ񣬵Ҳˣǽ¡Щ£ġ
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²ȻأҺӶ㻳ˣҪǺҲû취
жʱŨŨȻ֪Ǻ
£⻹ࡣ
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ЩСƿʱĬһ£סµ֣˵ǰ˵ʲôֻҪ㽲ˣͲˡ
ͷһҧһ´սƵ֣ǵþͺá
΢΢һЦǣҲл԰񽲡
һ΢΢Ҳʲô
ƴ˴ۣյ¶ϵǺãǰãǲãҲǺõġ
ͫȻ࿪ʼ
һ
ôתô죿
ǰɵ
Щģֱ񣬹ҡ
кȻһ죬һ˲ˡ
ˣҡ
ǰƺԼţԼʱϵӽǣͰƳԵءΪ²ϲˣԼ˼룬ƫѾͨˡ
˭ϲ˭䡣
£
ë˲´ͷһ£˵ʵʱ侲ʱҶϲ԰ԺҲҪô˵˺ô
ͷһ˵ʲô
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ƳĬ˺һᣬżݰ˵ҡġ
£ۡ
ƱŽµֲˡ
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ȻǺ˪߻һ˿ί
΢΢һЦ£ǿжҲ˵Ͳˡ
ƣ
һ˲¾ͿƯһ˿ΣյĹâ
н»ǽ·ָؿڣȦһߴȦһƵǡ֤ҿ
δ䣬¾ͱǯס͵ذ˴ϡ
΢΢ƳĴϢ
ٶ̧ʱǱޱĺɫͫ·һŻһ˲ܰɴ
Ƶָ΢󴦵ļȴȻϺõܽһ㣬Ө͸һ˿˿һķۡ
¸ƺصȵĺɵҧһĺ촽
Ȼ󣬽±΢΢üкˮؿǱŵӣɤᣬЩ˵ҹҪġԺҶˡ
ʣµİ̶֣ʪǸ׶ס
ˡ
֪𣬿ɽ»޷˵ôȥˡ
뿴⣬ܶʧء
ж۰
ҹʱ֣Ȼ˴꣬ϸϸܵ˿һ˳ϣ̵˯оӨˮһţƬ̣ȴֲظ΢΢ţһ£ˮȫ˳ȥˡ
µ̫󣬵ãã˳ϣ类һ㣬
ﴫ΢Ƶɤµáô󡣡
š
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Ʋͷȥǽ΢΢ĴŵҪˣ̫ʪ˯Ŷ˲á
£
ɤЩ͵شϢȥѴϰɡ
ƴۣ¶ϵ˿˵𣿡
򴽵š
ȵġ
һO@춯һѩ׵ֱ۴дһΣ޳ָ߬ס˴
һҹʱ򣬺ȻޱȺԼ˵ҪشǾ仰
Ϊʵǡ̫ˡ

½ʱ򣬽»˯ڴϣ¶µģһ˿ûУȸ
ԼɵġϾ죬춼ܳ
½᡽·۾ӵű
½壬ץô
½ɫЩź͵Ϯ˻ϣ̨ˣѾˣڵϦźҵһӦҲֲ֧̫á
»Ȼѣæʣͨ챮أ
½ĬĬӻаͨ챮˳̨Ͱͨ챮ˣź׽һٵġ
»عʱ˿
½ʱ˽һۣȻüʣ洫˵ʦת֪ô
£
ô֪Ϊʲôڴȫ֪ˣ
½᡼Žµ飬Ϊ²֪飬ǰգ޾ֳ׹رʧˣ޾ʦģԴҶ˵ʦת޾ֲŻʧġͨ챮ұ㶼Ϊǡ
񡣡䵭ɤ⴫


52 
½᡺ͽ½΢΢һ
½üͷ΢, ˵ƱѾ˽
ʱһϮ£鿴ȥЩ䵭жһʳ, ֻʳĬĬڽ´ͷСϣ½ᡵⱲѾˡ
½ᡲ֪ΪʲôеôŨңĬһ, ü͵ҵȻ֪ⱲӲǣħӰأǰħ֮оǡ
ǡ
ִֵ̬, һʱ½ᡲɵЩջ𣬿ɰŽµӣ½ҲûеһʱƷ,
Ҳе㲻֪롣
Ͼ½˵ֲǰе, ֻ˵ħо, ΪʲôƷӦô
ῴ֮ŵ̬ȣæ͵½ҶӶ, ȳ緹, ȥԺתת, ˵ʲôأ
½֪µ˼ᵭһ, ˽µĻӷ˳ȥ
ڼʼ俴½뿪ıӰ, ʮֽ䱸
Щɶͷˡ
ȵ½뿪, ³һ£ǷһƵӣôˣ
¾ôһһǣ˴⣬ʱһʹӿ˳
˲
ƻعæסĽµôˣʹ
΢죬û
ƿŽµ飬̱Ĭһ£˵ȥ˿ҩĨĨ
ɫǺ죬̵𣡡
ƣŶ
ҧҧӱܻһ㣬ԼŤͷץһʳĬĬ
±ֻӱܻ⣬˼ʳųţֺȻ
ʳó԰
ҲǶıˡ
ῴŽ´۽ޣһŸ㣬ϸʵĹģ뵽½ᡷ˵ĻͷȻӿһ˵ǡ
漴ʹرһץסµ֣ߣԸ𣿡
£
漴±ЩĪطеĸ㣬֪ؿǲŽǺͼеӣΪʲôͻȻô˵
ƱһߣĬã۽޲˲Ҳħйص
Ŀ΢Ƶı飬һᣬƶ㲻˵ƭôˣ
ƣ
֪ô˵
ʵһʼڵˣ޾ֵ鱻֣µݱס
ʱһЩ齭¾㲻֪Ҳ˸֪ġ
Ƶɫˡ
¿Ƶı飬ͲµǸйأҿ¸ħҲйء
ôһ룬Ա㲻ңҾȥ½壬ȥҵ֪¡
˵ţ±Ҫ´
Ƽ״һæְѽһѱ˻
±ôһѱסԻҪ
ҧ°͸űϵڽխļϣ˵ˣߡ
ͷһȻ͹Թ԰ˡ
Ƹܵͷɣ˿һҲ΢΢ȥһ㡣
ӦˣҲò˵
˱ۣƱ㾲ŻеĽ£ǿҪģʱħ֣Ӧϣݴ½᧿Σ˱ΪһնħǰĴɽɽ̮һӡħһ޾֡ҲΪľˡ
΢΢סˡ
û뵽Ȼһˡ
ͬΪĺԸЩˡ
˵ԸеεˣǲӦȥӱЩСŵġ
ֻвε˲Żᵱ
ƫôˡ
ͷЩãȻҲһһ㣬Ҫȥǰ飬ȴҲ̫塣
Ƹܵ˽µãȻ򴽣Ҳϣ㻹ǸϱһԸ⣬Ҿʹħ壬һŬħλöᵽ֣ʱǲݴ½ҲȥħҺòã
⻰۽΢һʱǾǸжû뵽ƻԸΪֵز
ʱ˼Ƭ̣Ҫ𻰣ȻһϤɤ͸˵شӽµĴָ˳
ͨˣ˵ӦԨȺս̰ᣬҲǲѣݴ½ˣҲ̡ͬһȥѶˣǲŽоʡ
ƣ
£
üɫصģ
ʱίίصɩӰҷڴָ˺þãˡ
ƣ
¿һεĿһۣЩصҺҲڽָûó
˵⻰ԼҲеգ̲סԹԼôô¡һֱʶǰҹһ̬ȫȥˣ
£
붼Ϊ顣
ؾ쵽˵ԣæͷĵҹ˯ú㣬ʲô֪ҷģ
£
ƣ죡
ⲻǴ˵ô
ҲƤᱻˣûб죬磬˵ĲеôڻȥԨѣͲɩħˣʱ㵱ħɩӵħ󣬶簡
⻰Ȼʮֿȡ
ƣɫ䵭سĬ˺һᣬŵôңǲǵԨǵˣ
䣺
Ƹ˱ۣĮȻ֪㲻ڣԨȺˣȻɺޣҲûȫ¹ռݴ½㵽ʲô
ĬãͷҲǰԨϲһСͷ͸źȥˣһ֮´ħ׷׷⣬÷ֶźǱ߲˲ħԾȫħ׷ɱҡħˣ͸ıͷݴ½¡
ƣ
£
ܺӹȻҪ򰡣
Ļ˺þãҿܹܲϵԨǴģӦûתء
˵꣬ƻָ˽װĴָ䵭ʱҲҪȥ˼
䶶˶ҡаῳҵġ
ĮȻҲٳ
䣺
ǽ˵ĶԻĿ΢ǸԨܽô
ƳĬƬ̣ԸЩƫִǣȥͨɡ
ͷһһȥɣ
ƣ
漴Ʊ̷ڵС
µҶͨ챮ת˵Ҳһȥһô죿
Ʋ˵ˡ
¿Ƶı飬֪ţǼ⣬ʱ򴽣ȻӴָͳһϸϸĽӡ
ƻûӦ±ѸײڶٶȰ˩ϡ
ƣ
̧һȴֺܿʧ˿Уֻǻбǣĸо
ṴһЦͷƵ㲻һ˶жȥĶҡ
ƣ
ȻЩͷۣò˵ƻǺõġ
ϱӣ׷棬޲Ӱû뵽ⱲӷǷˡ
ôһ룬ƷĬĬЦЦȻңǱŰɡֻǺƽ̸УԨӦô

Ϊ½᡺ͽ֪µġ
Ծˣ͵͵ʱ˲ùһȥǸԨ̸С
Ҳ˳
Ʋ̫䣬һ䣬û취Զ
£˵׳Ӥˡ
ῴ˿ԼϵӡЦſһ۽ºƣ㹴ڸɩӿͬһˣɩӿɲҲѽ
Ƴһۣô飬㡣
ŽµĻ΢΢һЦšһ
䣺
أòҡ
ԨڵħϢŨңʮѰҡ
ټԨҲûпȥϢԺܿ죬Ƶ˱ڻʳһټׯ԰ѰԨ
ԭƧׯ԰ᱻԨħ˿ҹƻͨвźɫɴħ裬˿ң֮͵ͻصׯ԰ڣʮ
ͷѰһȦ㱨һԨ˵ķλ磬ҷԨСͷȻһҪȻȥԨȥСͷˡ
ƣ
ȻҪ̸У檣Ǽŭô
ƲƲұȥţҪ̸ˣٰСͷҲ
üͷ壬һʱ䵹֪ô˵
ʵЩƷ˵⻰ҲȷʵС
̸Ҫգȷʵøʡ
ֻԸ񡭡ֱܾӰԨ檣ֲþ̸ֱˡ
Ѱ찡
ῴ˿˸Բ¼ɵı飬Ŀ΢ЦǲȥǸ檺ˣСңҲ̫¡
΢΢һС˭һ½½ı飬̾ˡ
һ£ֵָңͬ˵仰
΢΢һЦ̹Ȼֵ˹ȥ
Ϣסµ֣ȥħ̥Ϣ
ܿ죬Ҳһϸϸɤڿˡ
һɤͲµСǰڽǰ¶ڣҪȻҲô֪Լе¡
ɫ˳Сͷͻڰ񡣡
СίǻΪ㲻Ҫҡ
ͬ磬ֻħӦһᰢȥ̸һҪúðﰢ֪ô
СŶ
üͷһ塣
Сֵӿ󣬺ߣϲ
ƣ
΢΢鴤һ£ƲһûСƨƽϣ֣ۿµҸ̸ˣʱСġ
΢΢һЦİɡ
æأ
ͷҲصؾֱת˳ȥ
״΢΢һаϲûһᣬͱһɴקˡ
䣺
Ŀƶ˵Ӱʧׯ԰ԼԭһᣬҲȻ˳䷽˵λ˹ȥ
ܿ죬¾ҵһƧСԺӡ
Ժǰ滨滨һ΢һѩףһ㣬Լᵽǹµζ
Ĳÿʮ°
°Բ졪û뵽ħҲôħô
ͷСԺϸϸԺûħֵúܣǾһġ
ͷһһŷĵǷ˲١ȻħĻͺ˵ˡ
ǱԨģ˵ͬͬء
ţ±һӵȴǰһ
һµôڰǰ˫һɫ˿һͷڷ˳ڼϣֻһʮִףѩһ㡣
¿ʮϲһоҲΪ겻ǻˡ
ǽĿ΢Ȼأſ˽ȥ
Ųعͷʣô
ɤҲʮ峺Ǹˡ
ԳĬһ£±ڵҲҽн£Ҫͬ
΢΢һӦƬ̱ʿ
£š
üͷ΢壬æøϿ뿪ԨԸƧ壬ǱѰң»ֱɱ㡣
ŰĻðǸˣŻɤԨǱȥˣ㲻صġ
ĬƬ̣ĬĬ߬߬ȭʣ޽£ģ
һűʶ˵޽ƣͷ
Ȼҧ˴ָԼ۾ϵ۲ƺ۲ֲѡ
¼ģֻʮֹŹ֣ѵͬһô
ɺܿ죬ͷ㱻°ȥ
֪Ʋˡ
ʱѾֻ͵һ³Լϵ۲㿴ϲʶҡ
ϵ۲һ̣һʮؾݱ˽ǰ
Ȼ̫⣬ֻһ۱ʧɫ
ǰ꣬ô񳤵һģһ
񣿡ʶѿڶ
궸ȻһȻֻعԭ㡣
£
Ϳˡ
ԽǺͿҲԽɻͺ棬ȷǰ˲񣬵Ҳ֪˿϶ĪĹϵ
ʱϸϸ˽Ƭ̣Ȼֵܣĺˣǻ͸ϿܣԨ֣ⱲӶӲȥˡ
ü⻰ʲô˼
¶һȻЦ⣬ΪԨ񰮵÷裬ϧմһ˿ҴħԵʳܳӡ㣬ȻҲŹġҷŻΪתֱ֣ر㲻ˡ
£
ԲۣϱӵǺʲô̶ˣȻôôţ
¡
꿴Žµɫ˵Ȼ㴫һ졣
ɫ΢䣬漴৵ðγһѶ̵˹
µһӦܹȴûϵקסӱ㼱õסңһӳȥҲˡ
˵꣬㳶Žµ֣Ƕ̵Լѩ޳Ĳ͡
ͷһ漴ع򴽣˳ƾ˰̵֣˰겱ϡ
ִȻҪΪһǶ
ȻΪŹ֣ȻõϣҲͲˡ
ҽҲܵûʲôΪҲǴ򲻹Լġ
Ȼڽ¹Юְ󣬺ܿ죬һźڼ׵㴳˽
Ҳ׷
һڼףԵ۽һɫħƣ͸һ˿ɱ
ȻڵħԨ
Ԩ֮󣬼걻Юֵĳ̱ȭ鼫صſ
²ɵȻţûٵӦ뿪ݴ½Ҳ
Ԩ˲߬ȭðɱ
⻰㶣Цµļ뿪̫ˣħֵôࡣ
£
ɵӣôصģҶûѹۣԼѹˡ


53 
Ԩ⻰,еҪð,㵽ʱҪң
£ף
ϸƳһԨ,ԼѹԱˡ
ǰ꣬Ԩ⻰֮,ȴ,һԲЩǿ
Ԩиˡ
¼״,ͷЦ,ĳǱ߿һۡ
ƴ˿վԨ󣬱Ԩסһ,Ҳı顣
һ£Ŷ˶ϵĽ
ƵָȻ˲
΢΢һЦ㵱ƵЮǰ˺һħ˵ʲô,˼Կ,Լѹۣ㻹ˡ
Ԩ͵һ,µòҪ̫⣡պץ㡪
ĺ,ôĺڡȻ˿ڡ
ԨȻס,漴Ŀ⸴ӵؿ,һʱ侹Щʧ
Ԩڳ,ý¶Щڡ
ɽȴĸоԨ񲢲ʲô,ǿһʧȥ˺ܾõıһ,Ҫ
Ԩµ̬ҧҧɫȻ
ҲʱƳ֡
һֱԨģԨܵƵʽŤͷ񵲣±ƴŰƴ
ԨʱϵҪ׷Ѿס
Ԩмð
޽ȻҪһֱô
ƵʲôʱӦݴ½Ҿȥ
ԨЦҲӦأ
ƽǾ͵ʲôʱͨ˵ɡ
Ԩס
Ԩôһ˲䣬һУҲŤͷƴ
Ԩ׷ȥʱֻһĨʧʣӰ١
Ԩݺ߬ȭ
ԨҰĵˣΣĻˡ
ƶȻԨԽĻš
ãƲ³Ŀġ
ʵԨûռݴ½ͼֻ룬תҳ
ʽ΢ЩܶڻԨȸôΪ˿Ҳûȫħ塣
ĿǰôʵֻһĿġҪҳתҪ
λ꣬ԭħԱߵһʯһƽˣԨżȻˡ
Ԩã֮Ȼճţο塣
ԼҲû뵽Լϲ
ΣԨ˵ʱãռݴ½ĺûᣬȴǳҵתߺˡ
ǵѪ塣
ľһʯˡ
ռݴ½³ɹ񣬷ǴҪˡ
ϲħմȾ˱Ԩе͵ħ嶼ԶڵլԺ
ҲֻҪԼڣҲ¡
ȴûϵƵ˻ֱӴ֡
Ԩ͵ҧɫޱȡ
ûиκˣô³ģ
ȻʱѾûκ壬ԨⲽΣˮػһħȥѲƵ˵䡣

¹һȥϱסլԺ
ƶϺ
䲻ʱҲЦеĵҴˣԨǼһζûʲôϸս²ֻ̽·Ĺռݴ½Էˡ
ƴӿҲܵġ
ĿһƲƲɩӰԨС檹ջˣȻȥһ
üͷ΢壬ûֱӻӦĻֻһȥǰ¡
䣺
䱾Ǹɢӣתת飬ŤͷԼˡ
ӡҲ̫ܵԶĿ⶯˶תµķ˹ȥ
Ƶʱ򣬽ڸ衣
ѾԽҽܣȻǰѾ˵ǾЩϡ档
ƽʱýꡣ
ƳһƽƣȻüʵƣǲ֪ʲô㿴ĳ࣬һ㲻Ծ𣿡
½ơ΢΢һ漴һֱĮϱԳһ˿ǳЦʲôɳԾģԨͰĽԸ񣬻ôҲпԭ
⻰һ˵꣬ݱ΢΢ɷһ㡣
¸ǳ鴤һ¡ǸӲʹģ˼ҵ˻أ̫ϧˡ
ţ±һۡ
ƷŻΪ½¸ˣĻҲδ˼ô˵˳ᱻµһۣЩĪˡ
»عæļ򣬵⣬˵ôֱ
¶һ˿Ц޽˵ʵ顣
£
ǸϵԴһţºã˼˵Ĳˡ
ƣῴһۣ֪Ԩһֱתǲǣ
£
磬ܲܲҪĺĺ
ƵĻҧҧ촽ǣһֱ񡣡
Ŀ΢Ϊ㣬ʲôϵ
⻰һڣ˵ǽ¶⻰
ƵĻһ˫Ưˮ΢΢󣬽ëѣܿ죬ֳֳֻҰܵɫɬһЦ޽ºαذοң
ûа㣬ֻ˵ʵѡƽ
סˡ
˺һᣬҧ˼촽ֱǱ̺촽ҧòƲŵ޽Ϊô˵
ƿԨӦֻҪ㲻ݴ½ħ⣬ҲǸΪ޹ءΪҪݴ½һƬң˾ýô
£
⡭Ȼе򵥴ֱ񡭡ͦԵģ
ƵĻҲһᣬЦ޽»ǱҿЦˡ
ҲµûԨҪת塣
סˡ
漴૵ܡ
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仰֮أһʯѾӿĺϣ˲伤ˡ
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˵꣬¾һƵӡ
ƻ⣬Ž뿪˷䡣
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Ҳ֣ＫطŻⱲӽ¿Щ伮úܡ
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Ĭ˰ΣƲɫĹе飬ŻؼϣĬĬ˽£һ£ãǻȥ˯
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´ʱȴ·Ӧ˵ʲôһ㣬ƻУץץƵؿڡ
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Ϸħգĩս١
ѹûϵԨŪôƣһʱ侪ˡ
ʱͥԺпһظƼ㲵ط
Ԩôħ˹ɵҲסˡ
ԨʱһڼףңңڳϿգɫЩ죬Ҳ΢Եƣֵ
ʶһҡҡͷ
һ˲Ԩ۾ԨɫһǶʲôˣвңΪ𣿡
Ԩ⻰üҪ⣬ϾЩȻûаҲ˲ı壬Ԩ˵ô
ƫƫͷԨһϮİ紵ȴִһ˿Ȼ
£㲻ҪٺˡңΪҾ𣿡
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ҧҧԨֻܰзӿŭ˶Ҵ
ԣüͷһ壬жʱֲԤС
һΣҲûԤϴ
ΪԨֱӰоĽ˶ץˡ
ڿһţôǣŵɫ
ŭˡ
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Ҫɱǣ


54 
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¶, һ˲侹ԨЩ
ԨһƺΪԼּ
, лЩηģϾѵһ, ʮ
ɿһҡҡ׹ģԨɫһܿûֻҪӦ, ҿԲɱ, ǲӦ, һɱ
Цһش½ᡳˡ
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һը, ʯɽ
½ۿԨʲô, ΨԿǾͷǿĴˡ
˵½ᡱޱŵһˣ֮ҪһбĽࡣ
£
Ԩ״΢΢һæֹ
֮Ԩüŭ𣿡
½ЦֲǽˣɱЩҺθɣ
Ԩ߬űԣҧгݡ
ʱ򴽣ͷһԱͳذףٴεϡ
Ԩ֣ͣ
ԨµĶû֣ͣ¶һ˿Ц
¿Ԩı飬жʱֲԤ
Ԩᣬôһ˫ѪӾŽ£ɱΣǸ顣ֻҪץ㣬ͿԸǧٴΡ
һаŭǧٱ顣
ǰǴԨ֪תԻһ˿ͳɵ̬ȣƴתԶ߸߷ɡ
֪˽¾תֲڣԨ޼ɵˡ
½᡼µı飬һԲһԨš
Ԩֱ̧ܹٳħ½Ϸɴܶȥ
½ᡳ޽Щħܿн÷顣
Ԩ״
֮Բħֱȥ°߽ºҲǲڴħȾκһ塣
ͻȻðһ½ᡣʵЩļƻþһ˽֮С
ʱеذף½ᡸЩħ򶷵ģнţĶ΢΢һ㱡
½᡹ȻԨ̫ˡ
½⼸ղ߲ݰｭҲôսǰ취
οԨû֡
ڽ½ޱȵʱ򣬱ڰеĽغͻȻȥˣǽҼЩѣ𣿡
ǵС͵͵ͻԪӤˣ
ͫȻذ׵Ҳ΢΢
ʱͷ޼ֱ޲óȥֱһɱ˽غˡ
Ԩεȴһغ⻰̱Ტָ̧һӡ
̣ǧħɢǵصĳׯ԰ӿȥ
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ܿ죬Ԩ㹴һ´ǣЦ㲻øҽЩôٹվҪΪ촷ۣһ飬²̸ת
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¿ģԨ˵飬ҧҧذ׵ĺи
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ȻܣȴֱԨһץ˻ʹ˸䣬ڻУá
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¼
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Щţħ̥ħ̥˵ȷʵ
һ£±㰴Ԩħ̥˵ĲԼԵĵģĬĬˡ
Ȼ󣬽»ͳһƷϡ
ԨͻȻѣҲֿܵһӡ
ԨȫֻһԾţҲֹ
µѪҺ˳ģ뵽һֱµɫҲ𽥺
ܸоԼ𽥲֧ҲûܾʲôĲס
ţȻǾͰһˡ
ԨбҪҲܹˡ
Ȼƫƫʱ¡һ죬ͷķȻȻᴩһ󶴡
΢΢һЩˣȴɵøˣ
Ԩɫһӭȥ
ĹȻƣʱһۿ¸״һԲὣȥ
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Ԩͨӣɵ΢΢һ
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ɵˣҾת


55 
ǰ·ããһƬڻǰС
˺ܶ, Ҳ˺ܶǰļ䡣
񲢲Ǻ, һֻ˵, ЩνһĶΪ˼䰮, ɸͬ˽ύõġ
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ʱѾʮͨ͸Ҳʣһٱܷ, ˸һơ
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û뵽СƺŰ, ֮, ڶ컹
ֻٰӳȥ
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ǡ
²׸
ֻǽҲӼиܵ˵ա
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ƲôʱȻҲԼ쵽ħԣ롣
ǴҶ֪ˡ
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ʣеĹ£һת
ҲҪٻô࣬Ҳˡ
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һҸһϲһ㡣
޽ˣһҪҡ
¾ǣɤԺصȻ档
ԭˡ
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΢ᴵ̧ͷĨһᣬȻ͸оһǰ
΢΢һ̧ͷ㿴һϮµô΢Цǰɢŵ⻪Ȼ
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仰ԼȻʲô
ˣϱǰҲǺⱲӻ̫ɢʲô⣬㽫һƲлӡ˳еİϣǣҲĻᡣ
Ҳ˰ϵ쳣
ʱ΢Цſ˽һۣȥ
³Ĭһ£ȻʣΪʣ٣
񣺡ɡ
±۵ͷɹˡ
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񣺡ΪΣ㲻ô
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˽µĻидƬ̧̣һ£ȴ૵ˣ
סˡ
ʱ룬ֵҿĨȥһʱļ䣬ͬǰ飬㶼ǵˡ
룬΢ЦǾ͵ҹɡ
ͷá
̧֣ᰴ˽µĶͷϡ
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ۣȴЦӡ
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ڽ³֮Ҳ֪ԨһϵħԵѵأûħ򴩡
ԨټҲԲѣûˡ
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᯳ɹͻԪӤڵ֪غ׵˵Ϊ󣬽ֱ֣ӰѸǵȫԴ
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ҹڽߣѾ࣬˶һ㣬ɫϣ°ۿ΢΢˽ȥ
ֱ糿

ʱᵽһʮİ쳣ϲѬ㡣
˸Ƿ˸ڵСģʲô㣿
⻰䣬㱻͵ر˻
ˡ
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סˡ
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գգۣգգۣЩãȻ
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£
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һǰŵЩȫûˣͷ˿붼ûˣ
£
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ֻǵԼǸé®С𵤣ǰƿ϶ٻˣһʱ䣬»˰
뵽⣬קһԵͷ־ָǰƵ㣡Ҿ㣡Ͽ߰ҪȻҼ֪ˣûùӳˣ
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Сеģûأ
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56 
¼½, ̾Ͳ, 㱧Թ½طʲô, ҲǰҴк, , һΪԼ˰ء
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⻰˵, ȻһźӰų˷䡣
¶һ, ־ȻǸźµС, Сѩɰ˸ʲô
ڲģ񹷣ֳ˳
ɻС޺Ȼһ̴ܵ´ǰžߴһ͵ڽϥϣСְѽһɤصСŶ
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ʲôʱ˸ôĶӣ
¸±ˡ
С²ȻСһƲ۵һˡ
ۡˣҡ
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ܿ죬Ʊָ˵Ȼı飬ã֪ˡ
½ֵһȥŵӣϲĶг㣬Լעűװɡ
л½塣

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뵽⣬ɿһԭֲҿе죬Ǻǡ
Щ죿һֱտƽһ̺ȻĹâ
âһݼţܿ㱻ѹȥ
û쵽͵ȻʶҲ
üɫ΢˼֣ܿ죬㴹潭һ㴩ЬӣҪҪȥߣܼЩ
룬ͷ
ȥҽŵЬӣȴһؽţСЬ˰ɣԼ
򴽣ɫЩ̣ܿ죬ǰЬӵݸ˽¡
ºҴЬӣһ£͸Ƴȥˡ
˵Ҫȴׯ԰
˿Ѿǳˣ³ŵʱһʱ죬紵˸ţɵöһ¡
Ҳôһ£һΪůѩɫǡϡ
СƵ
ͷ΢΢һůĬĬ£ϵ硣
֮ƱŽ¿ʼ԰ӡ
¹һᣬȻһҪ飬һ£ƣǸ֪ҳ𣿡
ʱ䣬ӦøӾˡ
Ҳ֪Ǹӻ׳ûУ
¾ӦûɣҲ̫еף̲סơ
˽µĻĬһ£ûУ񡣡
΢΢һ˿Ƕá
ŽҸ콣ڵĹϵüͷ壬ʵҸӾأ
ƳĬãӾ˻ˡ
һ£Цտѽ̫ˡ
ƣ
Ȼ֪²Լͷ΢΢һ¡
¶ƵȻָ˵֣ǣҲ֪ϵҪҶʲôסӾ˻ˣҪȻһ治֪ʱʲôӻء
ӡ飿
¼Ʋı飬֪Լ⻰˵еˡ
һɫЦЦ͵ûʲôûʲôǼǰ߰ɡ
ƴš
һᣬ죬±ܿӦԼʧ顣
ᣬĿһĲգɵñԼտʼСĻӽˮôƯµУôħأ
뵽⣬Ŀ⶯˶̲סͺưˣΪʲôҪͶħڰúһˣôȥƫҪħڣʲôҰɣ
˽µĻһ£̧۾µдΪֻͶˡ
£
˵ʵڿƵʱͷǲ˲
ܾƯ˵㲻һĶ
û뵽ǡжģ
£ţаɣˡ
룬Լ̲סͷΪôԶôܾ㣿
ƣ
û뵽
¿Ƶı飬ʶʲô½㣬Ұɣ
˵ˡ
Թ룬Լܿס
һۣʵǾΪħڿϧˡ
ƿӣý¾ƻбĲصø뷨
òǱ½ᡱűİɣ
ĥһ£̽Ǹǲħڣҿߣ½塣
׺䶥


57 
¿Ƶı, ֻΪԼ¶, ½ʵ˺ܺõ, ˵ҲŻ, , Ұȥ˵
ˡƺȻЩٵش˽µĻ
΢΢һ
Ƭ̣ɫ΢˱ۣʣô
¿¶, ΢΢Щ˵ı飬ͷȻͷҡҲ˼, ֻǾ, ߣǿû˼
۽΢ְｭһ£סǰ硣
΢Ǹеָ⶯䲻ӹ°ļ, ý²Ծɪһ¡
Ҳ, ҪϹˡ
ɤͳ䣬˼, Ҳ˼ֵ⡣
, ͷ, СҪžɡ
ƵɫŻ˼֡
ඳе㷢ıͷ, ʣʲôطݰ
û뵽»תô, üͷɵһ, ܿ죬㵭Ǿ
ǰһȻƳһۣȻЦҼǵþиرĵطҷС֮ǰȥҪͬһȥô
û뵽»ȥһʱЩܿ죬͵һ
ῴ˿ܣȷ½ᡲڣһץƵЦߣ½岻ڣǳȥ档
Ʊץסһקקһ£ûӦû
ᵹԼع㶣æеε֣һ±ӵеˣȽݰɡ
򴽣˽

ƸԼװһ¾͸߸˳š
ھĴϣºŸִˮۣʻըӵĿһ˶
ְ
ţƳһ۸һԲƣȻʣ㲻ͲҪȥİ
ƵܲẦҡ
£
˺ûȤŶ
ķϣ»Ǻܿԭˡ
ʱվһ׮Ųʳ񣬵ƻͨĸ¥ǰ΢΢һЦˡ
ƣ
ƣ
¾Ȼ¥
ƻûӦͱһѵŸʲôѽȥء
ɫЩ̲סµЩҺ׹֡ѵҲˣΪʲô֮ǰû
ɳһ£ƻûֹ£͸Ž߽¥
Ҫµô¥ġ
һ̱ʶӭ
¿Ц绨𱣬ҲЦЦʮرӣַƴȫҪҪ÷Ӿơڣ㣬²ڣͲˡ
ɫְ˼֡
˵⻰һӸ𱣬̱Ц뿪ˡ
һƵӣЦеĵˣòһˣúú÷һ¡
ƿŽ¸˵ģ΢΢ҧҧɻʲôû˵Ž¥
ַż䣬һŴ󴲣Ա߻ƵӺ齣㹻һ֡
齺ϣѾһЩϹԼ³Ļ
£㱧һʼӳԡ
ָϸӳŽƵӣԵһ㡣
°һӣʳ룬ݸһ룬ӣ¥óˡ
ƣ
һ£ƽӹǰӣֻҲԡ
Լһ룬Ե϶֭ˮ
ͷһڶûɵü㲻Ӱ
ƣ
عƵϲͶ˰ɡ
־׼ӽӹ֣Լֵ֭ɵЩȻһӰ˻ȥ
־ֲһһӾѾݵ˴ߡ
԰ɡ
ư޳ָӣôݵ˽´ߡ
º΢΢䶯һ£ë˲̲סĿһƵı顣
ֻ鵭Ȼûʲô̫¶
ĪеʧҲٶ룬ͷһڰӳˡ
һ꣬һꡣ
ӻǽ˽µĶ
ӳ꣬Ҳ֪ôģͿҪƻȥˡ
Ͳôһ㡪
үˡ
һµɤ𣬽һ飬æ
ʱûƵķһɱ⡣
ڣɡһ·
ܿ죬һˮɫɴ㱧˽żλŵӺ;ƵСˡ
Сǰѵĺ;ƶڽǰźã齵Ķ棬һʼµ١
µټʮָ߳ܿ죬±µзϣһһ߳Եģˬúܡ
һԵƼˣ
ԭô¥ģ
ܵƲĿ⣬㶣ĬĬô
ƻعĬĬҡҡͷȴ˼֡
¿Ƶı飬Ƶ˼룬󣬲˯ģҹСģҰһ
һ˲ˡ
ܿ죬üá
µͷţҲˡ
ƣ
ʱ˵״һߵһ߾΢Ц֪ΪǳģǰԺĻ빴ţӲŵЬûãǽˡ
£
ƲƲ죬±Թôĺĺ
æЦ˵ˡ
͵͵һƵı飬ƾȻ΢Ц
£
̫˰ɡ
ʱŪᣬ˲٣ͬ˵˻
ҲͻȻԸЩɺ룬ĸƹ˼ơ
ƶˡ
󣬾ƺˣҲԵò࣬ɺ죬۽Ƕ͸Ȼǳɫôϣһţ϶
Ƽ״ЩΣֻ뿪ԼǸȥ¡
ᵹ־壬ʼ˵ˡ
ƴսԼһ㣬ִѽ±ʱ򣬺Ȼ¹ҲŲϲǸӾأ¡һҲûʲô˲𡭡
סˡ
ʱ򴽣üͷһ壬Ҳ֪ôʹȥһץס˽µ֣ʣﲻãΪβϲ
£Ҫ
ƣ
һʱ䣬ƿЦãҲ֪µˣû
տһ²ʡĽ£Ʊ֪ʲʲôˡ
̾˿ѽ±Ȼһ˿˿Źֵķȡ
ƽסˡ
оϤ
ǰʶ㰵֮󣬱һģһġ
ֻºֻЩȵýķ
ɫһһӦ¥ɾŽ±뿪
ʱִЩżǸɤ
𣿽;Ƶ˼Ǵˣ͵Ժȥľ͵ˣǾЩ|ҩҲ޴󰭣Ǻˣ͸ϿЩˮһ£ٺˡ
ƣ
üҪµʱ򣬻еĽȴʮֲֵĥŤһ¡
ƣ
ƱҧһѹɤӣԴɳƵɤ֪ˣ°ɡ


58 
³һ, Ӧ뿪ˡ
ȻƵɤЩ, ˵Ҳ̫ҹܡ
һˡ
ҲƬʱ䣬ϱϸϸܳһȺ, ҲЩˡ
ҩͬʶ㣬ûôͣһһ, ೤˳ӿҲʵƲ̫ܡ
ڽ, ȵø࣬Ҳ͸ˡ
ټϽ¸Ͳ֪ʲô΢, ƻвȥ
ƼҪס£ɴһ, ý˯ȥˡ
ɿŽ¸һεѩƯݣԼɵӺʹżˮ̺챡, Ƶֲ˼Σڻûµȥ
Ҳ̲סˡ
Աᱧ£һƿ, ߵǴߣ·£Լǵͷȥ
˯˼£ϸ, Ҳ͸һɵ
Žˮı, оԼٳΪɿڵ֬һ㡣
˴ʱһ, 컵ɢżֳȣڿڡ
ܿ죬Ʊ˽ͷϵķһͷٰ˿䣬ƴۣỬڷһǣӵŽȥ

˸Ρ
Ȫ裬ݵһ󺹡
ʵȵܲˣ̲סҪӳȥ
ƫʱһ߻Сȡ
һЩܣǰȪֲ֪ΪʲôһƬôҲȥ
³׹뵽ˮУȴһ
ºˡ
ʧصĸоûй
ɴʱȵˮ˷סôҲѡ
߾͡
͵ҧ˴ȻԵôһſŵ
֮󣬺ܿȵˮӯؽȥ
󣬽²ˣЩ¡
ܲԼƿصĸоʵ̫ˡ
ȵˮڴ˷ӿĸŽµ壬Լˮ˳Сʽȥ̡
·ϸϸĴϢèһ㡣
һ̣ˮʧȥʶ

żĳӴսһƳ硣
½ë˲һۡ
ͷʹҲʱǡõطˡ
Ρܾе㲻һ
ΪʲôԴʹҲ类ѹһ㣬ܵý
³һ£붯ָһŲһȵ塣
£
£
һ˲䣬ŵûӲʱһ亹ͷʹˡ
˯ˣ
ݶЩˡ
ţ±սսץӵסԼԱĿһۡ
ôһ¾Ϳһű峿Թ⾲ҫŵݡ
ƵĽë賤ϸڳз·һԣ˿ɫͦı񣬱ҲǡôĻȣһ˿覴á
Ȼ˿
ԭư
ҧҧȻ΢˿Щʵ
ƫʱƵ޲˲ۡ
£
¾ͺܿɵ΢ͷװ˯
ʵڽѹʱвǲɫ뿴¶µ̬ȡ
ǽ·УװʲôûͷǲУͼ֮ˡ
ῴƺͼ֮
뵽⣬⶯˶ͷһԱߺװ˯Ľ£𣿡
¼װ˯
ƱṴһ˿ȣȻԼĬĬ
ôһĶȥ
̸оһæ־ȥקӡ
קʶԼ˼ʲô£һ죬һˡ
ڸߴѽµС˸һ᲻ɵ΢΢һЦڵҪ˯
Ƹ𴲣ɤһ㵭ĵƣǱƽɤΪˣţЩȡ
ܿ죬±ֵһ¡ģƸòΪԼɣ
뵽⣬¹ƿ˱Ҫͣһ̧ͷ±ɫš
ļãϸ渲һ㱡ļ⣬Ƥֳһִ԰Źɫ
ֺȻ۾СȰ·ϡ
ƿŽģÿɰЩֱӰ˱һס
ڻʱҲû˵ʲô㳶һԵۣϡ
¿ݵģ̲סЩɡѵҹûʲôôô
룬¾òûзʲôбҪһ£ҹ£Ҳǹġҡû빴˼ᡣ
סˡ
Ƶɫ΢΢˼֡¾˰죬Ϊľ
¿ƵɫЩ䣬æֵĲǹģҹҶˣʲô֪ˡ
ƣ
˰Σ̾˿ҹʹ˾ƣѼϵľ͵ˣؽ¡
£ף
˿Ƶı飬»ֲȻǾˣģǲ㣬Ҳ㸺ġ
졣
¿ƵɫƲˡ
Ὥ룬ͣһᣬȴҲ벻ʲôο˵Ĵ
ȴʱôƵ𣿾ƻҪЮ
סˡ
˺һᣬҲ˼
ǽʲô˼ɤЩ䣬˼Ρ
ţȻˡ
ﰡֲǹģ˵»ҳԿأҶǸˣô߰
˵˵ţίˡ
ỻˡ֪Լԣѽ±Ƶúˡ
˱ֻۣĬĬҪס£οһ¡
µļ򣬾´ĵĳÿ
ƣ
Ʋˡ
ŴĹĵ·
ƾһԣЩεؾ
¿ۿӻǿ۲ãϵҲϵãŤŤһ
ʵҲֽ£һþûˣʵǱŤ
Ὥڵͷڵظǰһϵһûƺãһ£ǰϵ·һ˺ˡ
Ŀɿڴ
Ƽ״ڻûסｭ°ѳõ·
£ߣ
ƿŽµɫĿ΢Ϊ
£֪ʣ
Ƽͷ𻰣Ĭһ£˵ǲϲƣԾҹԿˣ
΢΢һ
ʵûôֻǾϡͿܰˡ
ϸһ룬ˣڿ¾ʹˡ
Ϊʲô˿ôأ
Խ룬Խ֡
Ȼеʯһ档
̲ס͵̧ͷƣ龪صǰòҲ޹ɣ


59 
ɫʱ, ܿ, ʶʲôÿĳüʲôˣ
һ, һ£СǰǺҲǸ
жʱϲ, Žµ, û̫Եرֳֻأ
£
ûˡ
˵⻰еӵĿһ, ʣǰʲôϵ
Ƴһ£֪
µͷ
, ȹЩӣҴȥɡ
ʲôЩ¡
ƳƬ̵ڻܸ㡣
Ƴһ, ȻʵҵĻɣ
гҲô
ѵǡ|
ƣ
ں˼룬ƻعȴȻΪʲôҲĻ
µˣϿʵһ㶼
, ǻΪұˡ
һʱ
ܿ죬ص㿴ڣа㻤Խ̬𣿡
΢΢Цˡ
ò˵Цʱʮֿ, ʱùߵķ˿, չ覵Ĳ, һİ˫ĸо
¿ƯӺͱе㲻ؼһ£̲ס룺ôÿ|Ҳֵ˯˲
Ʋ֪µ΢΢Ц꣬㴹˴ۣɫǽҲպұ㹧Щ
£
üһᣬ³Ž˴һ´һߵھǸƭӡ
ƣ
ܿ죬΢ЦŻعĬĬ˴
²½֪ҹͼҪȥƣһҲż¥ȥ͡
һִȺİӣһ߿Ǹ⣬ȴƵģС½ȥ㡣
ЦˣûаѽŪ½Ϊң
һʱߣ
ʱԺеĹ˽ȻôСպָҪˡ
ǰЩӣ˽һֱʶδ¶棬ѾĴڡ
˽һƻ΢΢һ¡
漴Ʊʶе˺ˣ
˽飺ԣͷһ壬ҿԼ
ʱһ£ûɱ˶źףҲ֪ȥˡ
˽΢΢һЦûϵͨˡ֮ұպܷܲɡ
΢΢˿
ڸ˽Իڼ䣬ԱԵЩ񣬽¼ˣ̲סһ¡
Ȼع𵴣ɫһ˲üΪѿܿվˣƽ
¼״ɵһʱе㲻֪εصôˣû°ɣҿеһµġ
ƻعŽ¹еǵ飬ɵĬĬЦЦ¡
£Ŷ
Ȼ¾̲ס룺һôȤ·Ҳ
㣬־Լ̫עˣҧҧͱԼȥϹˡ

صסΪҪ˽£½᡽һԼȥˡ
ССܹС˵سŽµҽѧһ㽣Ҵ㿴
ˣе㲻ˣСͻȻ֣Сƭˡ
һµ־ͰСŭСƭӣҵأͱƭˡ
Сһ±ƣ˵ؿŽ£Իǵǵ
£
С̲裬»еû취һСһգͶݺݵصԺϹУ֪𣿡
Сί
Ťͷߡ
СԭأίһᣬСС޵ҽеҽʲô
Сգգۣ˲С֡

ԼϵʱƻˣƻʱСԺССһˣȻǰСľģ
Ƽ״ɵ΢΢һЦǰȥָһ¡
´ӷÿ΢ЦָСӡ
СҲЦеĽ
¿ţ֪ôое㷢סСƨô˭е
ɿݵģ־СеòǼٵġ
ü˹ȥ
ƸСͬʱ£˱һͣ
Сϻвίίأ˵
ƣ˽һۣʣ£
Ŀ⶯˶ЩָСһ£ӣ
üͷ΢΢һ壬Ƭ̣ͷСˣ
£
Ȼ丸Ӱ
ǸƭӣҲǸƭӡ
뵽⣬±䵭Ժӱ𵽴ϵССľôҽУҲ±˷ӹܡ
ƣ
ȻƱЩεصͷСһۣСתƵȣͷ˵
Ƽ״ЩۣǶԼĻѣҪһӳ壬¸ѿ
̾˿ƵСС
¼ƻ̺СίģòζҲ֪ΪʲôͻȻӿôĪ
ҧҧתȥˣôôɡ
˵꣬¾ˡ
ƿŽ뿪ıӰֿһίСֻȰСο
СԸҲ㿪ʣưο䣬ָˣƿ轣
СߺˣǱȴζ
¥֮󣬽ֻ˼ִǰļ䡣
Լͼǵãڼ˵ϲġ
Խ²Żȥƻ
һôһϲ
ǸСƨȻƵĶӣ
±ƵĻһӾͶǻƵġ
ƶѾȢˣﻹҪ
ؼǣ˵Ĺϵô岻ԼҲͬˣ
е㷢Լѵ֮ǰǸ򹷲ɣ
ɿСôˣ̲סûƵˣ˲һģ
֪ԼԸ񱣬ǶȻϽܵģ֮ǰƭ
˼ˡ
߰㣬Ҫȥʸʱ˽
һˣûдС
ƣҧҧĬĬ˻ȥ
ƿ˽һۣûע⵽иӵֻ˵ҪһԶţܰ²ܻ
סˡ
Ȼе㼱ˣȥģ
ûϵ·Ӧôһ£͵ȥ£һᾡġ
ҧһûס̧ͷֱֱƵƣ֮ǰҵʲôϵϲ𣿡
һ仰ʳʱ򣬶΢΢գҲ˲ˣô˳
죬Ҫһֲϲ±˵ŵĸо̫ˡ
仰𾪣տб¶һ˿ʮ΢Ц
ĬĬǰŽ£ˣ
ͷһЩԾ
⻰˼ǲ˵ϲԼ
ô
򴽣ʣȻϲ㣬Ϊʲô֮ǰҪ㡭ǲʲôԲҵ飿
˵䣬־Լƺǲµʲôһ㣬Ȼ˲кӵһģǲƭǸСҵҪɻصģ
У
ˡ


60 
֮, ƿŽµ飬΢΢Цˡ
£
Цʲô
, Ц, ɫľŽ, ֻ, ôںҵ, Һøˡ
£
˭ںˣ
Ц
Ź˽£ƾԼǵȰѹ˽鰲úãҪȻ´ٷʲôǱ˽ȫȥˣ
뵽⣬Ʊᰴס˽µļý£лҪͬ˵
±ưţϱŤ, 嵹ǺԾĬĬ
Ƽ״;˽Աߡ
룬Ϊλôңҳúô
ԥһ, û˵
ʵƳûͦеġ
, ˲òడ
ƿŽµı, ֪һԲɵЦЦ, ֮Ҳ, ͱЩĪеˡ
£Ŷ
, ס˽µ֡
ƵָǸ͸һ˿΢, ±סҧҧʶֳ
ȴֲá
һᣬˣϵЦȴˡ
̲סҪô˶Ҫռˡ
£
Ȼ²ˡ
ʱ˿µ飬ʵһжû׼ãʱԡ
ʣʱôԣ
ЦЦֲ˵ˡ
ȥ
ȴĬĬ§˻
£
ҲϲҵİɣḧϽº󱳣ɤЩơ
±ƿ仰һڶϣ̲סһӺ
⡭϶С
ַҲ̫˰ɣ
ƿµı飬֪˿̵뷨ֻӣΪʲôôļأľأֺαشƢľƭ㣬ԲҡϲңֳԴס
£
죬̲סԼ˵ôоģеӣ
ﲻԣ
ƸԼסĽ΢΢סˣĬĬһЦֵǽԸһΣٵҼհɣòãʱһ඼㡣
۽΢͵ؾҧ˴
ԭ׼õģŭƵЩȫƵһ䡮òáһɨա
ͷһᣬݺһҧƼϣҧü΢΢˿
ôҧƣ˿ڣã˵ġ
΢Цš
ƭҡ
ƭ̣Զˡ
£
֪ΪΣ⻰еżͱˡ
ܾòԣ˵ﲻԡ
ʱŽµ̧ۣ洰ϱСԴ
һһµţС޺С
Сῴ˵գգۣЦеĶ˴Ĵָ
΢΢һЦҪ˵ºȻǽϵӰӣ̲סƿƵж
ͷһֱס˽£Ұè
±ôһ촽һӾͿĵϸ޳˪ɫϡ
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ǽȷӦææƿƣ´ˣåҲ˯ˡ
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ʱŽ뿪ıӰ˺һᣬ΢΢ʧЦǰİƺҪʶʱҪɰһ㡣
ʱһOO@@ü̧ͷ㿴СѾС˽
üͷһæСúö𣿡
Сסƣ̵ʣҵķǲǺܺãȻӲ
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СʱصǰɣҾ֪
ʱ룬ʣ˭̵㣿½үү
СҡͷȻԺСڽҵġ
ƣ
ȻƱ̲סǰ޾ֵǶӣСƺ֮鶼
뵽⣬΢΢һЦСڵͷ͵ллСڡ
СڹһƵ֣ʾл

Ƶڶվˡ
֮ǰûȥ¸ǣὭ¾Ĺĵڳϣ˺ʳӡ
оԼֱƭˡ
ɱϾӦƣҲʱȥ˼ңһᣬ»Լķ䣬ͷ˯˹ȥ
Ĳĸضȹգգ̲סˡ
Ȼ󣬽Ҳ֪ԣϷɽԼš
Ҫȥơ
ȲˣȥʱҲûʲôʱ
ôɳȥʱ򣬽ʵҲ֪ģֵɳ˱֪Ƿλ
һ´ɽ룬һɽ֮С
̤ŷɽʱԼЩãȻˡôģȷģôôˣ
ĻЩ·գʱû·ȥ͸ˡ
뵽⣬Щˡ
ϾȻ֪ԼΪܸߣԼ֪ˮƽڽ𵤡
ҪҪȥ
ԥԥתȻƺ͵͵Ľ̸
ͷһʮºͣǻˣ̲ס˹ȥ
߹һƬ֣ԼǲˣȻͿһϮ¾һɽǰڸһԵĺ˺˵Ż
Ǻ˵Ҳʮƽº͡
Ȼơ
¿ͬǰ˵ĳһʱ䲻ɵþͷ
⼸컹ôãոջΪ˽ԳƵһᡣ
û뵽͵͵ܳΪ˽ˣ
ţ
ըˡ
ҧҧ²ôȥ
ΪҲ֪׽飬ֻô׽״ݾߡ
ץʯС
ôţ±͵͵ͳһˣȻŴɫĿ˹ȥ
տ±ڸǰ˵Լ
ڵԸͦÿɰ̫˵㡣ʱҶ֪ô塣
΢΢һЦǺЩѵҺϲ
£
ףѵˣ
ţָпҵĽǣá
£
ˣ̲ˡ
ֽСۣʵǸס¥ķС̲ʮһ֮Ľ䡣
ö֮Ҳͱ˼Сˡ
ŰӵĻ¾þ䶼̲Ķˡ
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ߣ
ĥĥ¼
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⻰ϲɵñԳ㽵ɫٲһ㣬
΢΢һЦ㵹ˡ
ƴ˴ۣЦЩԸЩⶼʲô
ӵͷȥˣаæģͽҡ
ƣá
תˣҲ߽ɽ
¿һĻԺˡ
ô־ǸӲǻأ
ңƵҪ׼ʲô
һɽ


61 
, Ժˡ
Ҳһ, ±, ŵظ, Ǹɽ
ɽ濴խ, ȴܿյ, ʮָԼз紵ȥ
߽һ㣬ǲǲ
üͷ¶濴һۣȻͿƾȻɽڡ
£
ʲôԶܵطڶɽѲҪ
ɡҲ񰡡
ƷŻ˵Ǹ
¾Ƭ, ٿһᡣ
ô㿴ʱɽ
£
󣬽ʵûסԾϵ, ɽһ, ˯ˡ
֪Ҫʲô۶, ɽˡ
˯֮һֱɽڵƺȻͣеĻ, ͷ߿ȥ
ЩΡֱ˵ôס¼䵹˻ȥ, ˶ôˡ
, ܿʱɽ, б֪϶ġ
ҪȻҲôҹ
뵽⣬˼֣ĬĬǰ
˯㣬հ͸죬һȦѩ޴ӵİСԵֿΣһ˫ëСһ㾲£˾µòˡ
ԽԽϲ֣ḧ˸գ㵭ЦһڽµĶͷָϸϸԼ硣
ǰջΪظĹĵ׾Щ꣬ڽˣһзͶΪ顣
ֲ߲һҹ

ڶ峿Ƴȥϴ²ųٳٴɽ
һۣͷȻѾˡΪʲôһоûУ
һɽڵĳһӾˡɽڴʱŴƬ̵ڵס˳⣬¹ֻϸϸսһ˿˿̫ԡ
ֻⶬ죬ô̵ЩͿˣ漴ֹϤ
ʱ̧ͷһܣµģõɽ֮󣬽ͷ΢΢һеϤˡ
ǲ
ҡǸһġ
ͷһȻһȻҲ˲㾶ֱվɱ˳ȥ
Ҫҵƣʸ
֪ǲĵط
Ϊʲôоôǿң
ΪʲôĿڻһ籥͵ĸо
ҪǣǸɽһ˲䣬ͺȻررơ

ҵƵʱϪˮԡ
Ϫˮͬһᴩɽȣʱ峿ϪˮԣԱЩݰܵҶԵô˴񷲼䡣
Ҫǣǡ
ƽո߸ĺڷ˿ɢ䴹£¶ɫļϸ̬޳ͦΣһɵĮ֮Ϫˮƺһ㵭Ĺ⻪
˿˾ⳡʮ߳ܣؼʹ͵
¿һĻ΢΢ͣһ£Щ죬Լ·ܶ˶ǵˡ
ҲʱȻͷ߿һۡ
ɫȻƽϪˮңңһ
¸ȻӣԼȻ͵һؿڣԼԼأƿ
Ȼ֮Ʊ־عͷȥרԡˡ
˿򴽣Ҳ֪˼ôĲˮǱ˹ȥ
Żһ¡
Ҳûʲô˼׼档
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µĺ̾ʪţŸﴫϢһʱ˶סˡ
군ˣ군ˡ
ץסˣ
ʱɫ˳Ȼ߬˽ϸ°ͣϵηСһγƭˣ
ᡪȻˡ
Ὥ¾ԼӶˣȻܳϣҧҧԾ˳ƵĻСҲСҲûƭˡ
Цһɤȴѹ˼֣˼⣺ɽСϲɲ׳ʿձҷ֣㻹ΪԼܵ𣿡
£
ɲ
ûа
ʱŽ°͸ŵɫСɶ̲סһڡ
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漴Ͳܲ˵һƿƣתܡ
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ʱͿŽ˳ϪˮͷٲͫȻ׷ȥ
ƱסµʱѾǵٲıԵʱ·Ҳûܸ߳ʱݵĳһ˲
Ҳôһ˲ĳɣ˱˫˫ٲ͵ص˵һ̶롣
һ죬˱ޱ޼ʵˮС
ͬܲ͸ĳеˮﹾ˹Ǻ˺üˮ漴ʶЩģˡ
ɾʱһ˫޳ȵֱ۽ת˹
Ȼģ俴ͷһ⣬С˫̶жԵǳӡ
һ˲䣬ļƬ
˭
ơ
˭
ѹܼˡ
һ壬۸㡣߰ɡ
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ӽµۿӿ˳ˮ£ˮܿϢ뵽ˮ
ʱŽ飬ΪˮǰףͷһŽµȥ
ȵϢŴ˹
۽޿
漴͵֣§ƣۺݺݵػ˹ȥ
ƣ
Ƭ֮󣬻һˮ죬ͬʱϢŸˮ棬Ǿϲطʪ鷢ŽµĶͷˣ
±˱ۣš
ֻһ㣬ֻһ㣬㹻ˡ
ֻƣȥ
΢΢ϢƬ̣Щ죬ʵ佭¼ָʱҪԽ˵Ļ
Ȼʱֲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ƫƫ־̧ͷĽëϻžӨ¶顣
ȻƱ㿴¶ȻһЦ糿ǡ
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ҧƵĴ³Ϣƣҡ
Ҫ㣬ݺݱҡ
ͫȻ͵رۣݺݵȥ
ˮ಻Ļʯ죬Щͺͺһѽѷ֡
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ҲҪеô
ȵĶǣ΢΢Ϣĵɤ˵Ķ|ҩ
еС
аżèϸϸ̶˳ɺֱܿ紵ɢˣʣͣȥһè͹ˮëƤ


62 
, ±㷢˵ա
壬Ϊֺˣ֮ԭһֱѹ, ͻȻһô͵ģһӾֱˡ
ջˡ
Ʋ飬ΪˮݾˣýȾ˷纮ʮ
ںޱ, æǰæΪҩҩģҪ¸ơ
, ͷ, סˡ
У֪
֮屬, ˻ñ, Ҳ, ͬԷӵ
֮һ, رסС
¿ûʱֵطе׼, ڻͦϲƵ, ҲС
ܿ, ƾͰѼõҩݵ˽´ߡ
ʿζ, ֪һЩ֢ҩ, Ҳûʲô󰭣һ㣬Ƶְҩȫˡ
±ޱͻů, ôһȺҩȥ˶ȺҲ˼ֺΡ
ʱŽ΢΢ʪı촽ͷ˲̲ס˰ڵһΡ
ɵŽµ廹ûã߬߬ȭӲסˡ
ºҩҲ١
ȥ沼ýƣƻޱ֣ᳶ˳Ƶ½ǣ¡
΢΢һЦˡ
ޱָһ룬ƱҲ˽
ĴֽСȺͽŻǱģ԰ѽһ˫⻬Ľ£
Ĵȵӽ׵ӿȪѨ룬һ˲ȻͲЦ
һЦһҪؽš

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£
оԴһ֮ƾͱú顭
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Ŀһɫ΢΢˼֣ô
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²־ͰƵţһᣬ·ƵϢΪçײңȥʮա
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ֻץס˽¸֣ʣǡ𣿡
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£
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һᣬġ
⻰˵꣬ƱҲ಻ס͵صͷݺФѾã΢΢źŵ
İ
ٷˡ
ǹ˽߹ҪַʽܸýҪȻʱԽãһĿԽã
ʱ˿̣ŽǼᶨӣƾ룺ҲǲҲûʲôİԸġ
ֻһ㣬㹻ˡ
ɺȻƱһƿ
ƣ
ײһԵɽϣʹ΢΢ü
һӦǡȫˣ
󣬶Ͻ˫ЩЩǵʱЩˡ
⡭ʲô
Щԡ
ɽһ˲ȴץסЩЩغҲǶ˵ˣҽôô
סҲܽⰡ
˵󣬽µԽԽͣ򸣬Ϥ˹ȥ
ƣ
ã״ı΢΢һ˿ÿĻȣȻ־סµ֣ŽµӣһһصãҰɣȫ̸ҡ
лҪ˵ƣ̫ó


63 
³һ, û˵Ǿ֣ƵĲ, һ㣬ϵ
ѿƵݣںڽǰıϻһ̣»Ǳǰ
΢鰲, ֻǾǣͬһϺõ
, ̽ͷȥ
Ʊ, 绨ĴڴϣҪǳǳ
һ, ûô嶯ĻӦˡ
Ҫ, µ״ν
ƵĴһ, ָͷ, ˳˪Ĳ, °, һȥ
رɬ, ÿһĻ
Ȼ, ҧסƵ, ȻһƵ۱
Ƶĺеˡ
ڽ»ҧסһʱȴȻ߬ס֡
΢΢һ, ̧ͷееŭؿƣ
ưĿ΢΢һ˿ɫȻʹս˽£̫ˣһ㣬ҾҪˡ
һ˲˸
ȻȻصƵ濪ʼ˺˺·ˡ
Ȼ
ûüع±Ѿļ򣬶һݺȥ
ݿĵһ΢΢ü|һ
ƵЩĿУץƵֱۣ
µƤͬϺõܽ񣬴ϸ壬һɵ㡣
΢΢̾һЩ̲סФѾõϸ˽ӵ˻С
˳ƾ͹Ƶϥϣ˽ӵһ
Ὥ´Ӹߴͷƣ㿴ƺЦ۾ƳĬһ£̵ḧϽµĲʣȻأҡ
£
ҧҧָһźΣȻϸϸҧ͵ȥ
ƶͷ϶ʱһ亹Ҳðˡ
Цõıס£񡭡㣡
йƵҧһڣǸƭӣǳ
Ỻãع
ȻͺѸٵռȨͷ˽µĴ˵һȥ
µһܿûƿгûˡ
УһҶСڷ˼Ϸţƺʱܱ˸Ʒȥ
Ƿȴ·ڶƵģһֱ߸ȴؽס
ײ嶼
ˮڴϣڴУСۺܿʹﵽⶼʪ͸ˡ
һ׵϶Уһ˿С۵İ׷ϣš
ɢˡ
ɷڼֻһΣС֪Լķˡ
ҲˣҪȥĸ壬ڲԶ

յĳ⾲ڽ°͸̺ϣᡣ
֧޳ʵֱۣһԣһͷڷôǰ
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±ŭһŽ߳˱ӡ
Ʊ߷˳ȥˡ
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뵽⣬ƷԹԵЦЦ
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۲Ž˳·Ȱ·ϣҴȥĴɢɢġ
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ȻģҲǵɽʱ顣
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ôһɽҪöడ
뵽⣬΢΢һ¡
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ʱḧһЩ̵ɵɻЩǴģô
ЦЦȻУȪ߳ġ
ٴסˡ
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ãµʵҲָҲͦõġ
΢΢һȻ͵Ц§ס˽£ҲֻΪðָôġ
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ڰˣһЩҲֵˡ
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ңԺǻʮ죬ʮ꣬Ҳϣκһ
Ҫģǰļ䣬Ҫģһֱֻİ񡣡
ͷȻҲûס̧ͷͿơ
þͶ˫бӡ
ĿԣϢ
Ҳ֪˭˱һ
ɽ˪Ʈдһ⡣
ɽů紺Щ̵΢ϸϸζţԵˡ
֪ҲһЩή˥ܡ
ƸĴ죬ȴԶʻůʢĵס

Զ㡣
š
ʲô˼
ǣҲǵ˼
һһϮӰ̤ŷɽ˷ȥ˪УӭͷģһƵա


64 ⣺ǰ1
ˡ񵭵ս, ǰɫ΢΢ǺĿ꣬߹һĨЦ
ҧҲ
ҡҡͷ, ΢ЦˣҪϢˣɡ
Ȼסɫٴǵͨ졣
źı飬һЦ, ʲôû˵㾶ֱڡ
꿴޳İɫӰ, ɵý߬סеĽ
ô죿
Ϊʲôλˣ
ԨϾ, ԨѾܸͬˣ˼ҵŶȥ
ô, ôܳװħ壿
ʱ, Ժڵݶ, бݶһ, 紵ƮƮ, ˿ھ, ޽ԭصıӰ, ɵЩЦ
Сħ, Ȥ, ɵĿɰ
ܾãûмôɵħء
ʮ졪ǧָ꣬ħ, ȴΨûΪô߻ôħ塣
ʵ޽ʹħԴ򣬻治ô졣
޽ƫһ㶼¶ݣÿθˣͻȥС
ڶܼ޽ࡣ
һʼ޽ĿԲˣԽԻ󡪡Сħ嵽Ҫʲô
Ҫħħ磬óá
ҪɱҲôѾ
ѵСһϲ
룬־ò̫
ô˵ôɵĿɰħ廹̫ټˣöය棬ҪȻҲ̫ˡ
ţı߱㵭һĨЦ⣬ѾҪôСħˡ

ڶգ޽Ȼˡ
ûʲôٴĽ
һΣ޽űվǣŵϵĶ̽ӾȻеˡ
״ɵ΢΢һѽ˵СĲİɣ
޽ʱ̧ͷݺݿһۣһԲŤͷߡ
ĿһȻЦ㷽ŵʮУýʱȥ̫죬̲ȣԲŻᱻҽסġ
޽һ£ĨĨ۾üͷһۡ
΢΢һЦֵеڶʮС
޽Ųסˣ
ȻҲûôض޽е
˵Ҳ֣֪ǸСħ壬ǸСħ塣
ĪģСħ岻ɳʲô
޽Ҳȷʵûиɳʲô
һһ˷ˣϵЦҲЩÿնޱ׼ʱزȽ˳
ÿ峿û˯ѣĴűĵ졪ţʣ϶޽ǸСħ塣
޽ΪʵЩŵģò˵޽ԷǳǿÿָԼҲ¶ǰĽ
˵ȻҲ顣
޽ÿ̫磬˯ȫ
ʱ̲ס룺ѵ˵۵ʹ
ͷҲֻ΢΢һ˲ͺܿȥˡ
վɡ
תֵ˶졣
㣬ѾһǧˣָûëƤˡ
ûȻݴ½һޣȴˡ
һֻǧֻصùãû˷ֶѡ
һҲΪݴ½Щ˥΢ʿԽԽ٣һֱȻڡ
һλëƤԼҲϰ˵£һ޽û˴š
ȸ޽ԼҪչأԼһ˶ڼרĻëƤˡ

û뵽ôһëƤ㻻ˡ
Ȼ޽˵ʮ죬˵ʮʱ޽Ը಻סˣ͵͵լۡ
լܶ˽ƣЩƶʿ˵ͭǽڣ޽ѾʮϤĹ·΢һ㣬˽͵͵˽ȥ
ԼҲûʲôס
ϾѾˡ
һլۡУ޽ᵽһϤĵ㡣
ͷһ𣬱ȷڼҡ
ħ׷ټǿܿ죬޽ҵһҡ
ᣬҵĴţ޽ᵽһרϵ
ʱ޽ȴܾЩˡ
΢΢䶯һ£޽룬㻯һɺ̣ϢС
еůỬĽл˯ȴһβ͵ѻѾһϸˡ
޽Уһ۱һźѩձϣ壬Ž
ֻһۣ޽ĺЩˡ
˿һͷڷɢѩ׵ձϣŵ
ʯ¶Ⱥܸߣǵò
ɫĽ˿䣬ճһ
ѩỬļŵľ
޽һ֪ԭ˵ļ֬һ㣬⡣
˳ȥ£ĳȣѩ˫ڴ⣬۰׵Ľֺһ÷һ㡣
ڰĺССһ¡Լеˡ
ɽſһᣬģ޽ַһ׮ʮֵ¡
ǾĽ£ƺʲôһţԼ͸һɫë⡣
޽ҲСô
Щ֡
ţһЩ컵ͷһ߶޽Ʈ˹ȥ
ͣϷ
޽ʱĿһ˯գ㷢һֱдһ˿ĮȻҲ¶ֹ˳ʱ
ԭӱˣѻһĳ޾£Ϊ̫ȣβ͸һֵķɫıҲʱ޺
ͦǼϣһϸϸĺ
ԭҲǻģ
޽ͻȻһ쳣ͷͷ
ܿ죬޽ͷѹȥڣģ񵽵ڱ˸ʲô߰
ôţ̱˽С
Ƭ̣ѸٵĴ˳
һϸ죬ͨ޽΢΢ۣ¶־ŵı顣
񡭡βˣ
Ȼһôβͣ
޽˼еˣܿ죬ʶһΪҪ飬Ҳ˲ԼĲеżذҡˡ
Σ޽ȻҡѣЩߡ
ɵ޽ʱͷһ˱Ȼ˹
ɵСˣ
ɵСӲῴʲô˰ɣ
ɫһȴɫ£˫ȣýסԼβͣȴЦصôˣ
޽˺һᣬŽ͵㡢ôβˣ
񣺡
Ƭ֮ûסһ͵Ц˳
ȻɵСӰ
޽Ī
ЦЦҲˣͰβ¶˳ε̾ȥµʱ򣬲˰㣬ͳ˸βͳ
޽㶣ګګŶһ
ʵҲƭΪĶħʵ̫ˡ
޽ë޵ĴβͿһᣬе㲻ڣ֪ŪҩҪҰæ𣿡
΢΢һЦð
޽ͷȴҲû뿪˼
״ɵ΢΢üɵСӻʲô
޽е㺦еƲסضβͣܡβô
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