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һɫĻ·һȡ΢΢Ƕһ˫ɫ͸ͫʣǺЦ̧ɨ̨²վĸżˣǴֳŪ
īɢʰ£
½ѪˮнݹһεδѪһ˫ѥҲɰɫһѪӡ
λˣվһ̨ϣֻĿһӵϣƤգգۡ
һͻȻȺг˳ææ̨ȥæȥе·ʱݺݵصīһۡ
ī΢ЦǴԼ߲
΢ͣһ£ʵ㣬ʲô
ʵûʲôīضŹһЦż򣬲˲ͷȴͣ˿УתӸպá
ӽͣ
īҪɱ㡣ղȥִܿӽϵײײķɤӴŭһѳ·ҵī˹
۵~
īĺ죬еĽ䣬°Ͷ˺һᣬüϵ㣬ڵ
ѹû㣡¶Ȼı顣
Ƭ̣뵽ڵֳˣûǰơ
ŵӶڵϱ彣µöᣬٺһЩҲɫף·˹һīЩͷﶼɫ࣬ŭЦɢī
ħͷ㾹Ұ¾ɾɥ£ͲǸŶ׷ɱ𣿡ڵǳ⡣
½ݺ꣬û˺֮ˣɱ˲㣬Ҫ˷ʬ
ʬҰʬ飬ûһʬ壬ÿһضѪݳѪɫû֮ء
ǰ㳡ҲҪһһʮͷ˱´˵֮£ɳȥҪ½췭ظ
ɱǵ޼Ըĵز
īЦһƵĿˣ˵ĺûǾͻŹƵġ
ˣȾѪܷŹӵ˫ۣĿ¶⣬Ķī񿴴һ㡣ڵûһīֻǽ֮ϳڣڴ˷ˡ
ḭ̄ĴЦһƲƲ죬ڳˣ˭ûմȾѪ
˼ƣȷڵ·Ⱥʹһ˦ôָˣ
Ⱥв֪˭Ƚīɱ˹ȥ˲Ӧŵ˷׷óɱΧ

īԴǰһƬѪɫЩڰųصĲĳȥһģ
ͻȻһ˫ִϣһһֱ죬ģģڽ
Ƚ־κν֮˶ṥ˼һжذ׵ִַ̽˵š
һǧ꣡
ļǵĵȫǲȫ꣬ġѵġ


֮1

䣬ɭеıɢȥɫεҶԾ
ͻȻеҶʼҡҷͬһ򻩻죬ܵĳٻǳǸ򻶺ӭĳڡ׳΢΢ڶ˸ŰɫĹ⻪
ֵ룬һ׵ĺ̶ļţԽ̶֮ԽأˮŰɫ¶ȼͣһ
Ȼƽˮ淺Ĳðˮݣھ׵ͻأҹ죬ˮԽðԽ࣬ķΧԽԽ㣬ȭͷĵطչˮ״
~
һɫͻȻˮһһ۵ˡˮֻվˮϣʹͷãȻСˮ£ˮžž죬һ
Ӵشˮϣã˶˫ֻѲȾˮ˳ɫɢǰ̧һſɫա
űǳĴɫ۾ָİײ㷢סС˴ŲȾϢ쳾ɡ
ɫƽԶĳһַֻ۾ϵİײĦƬ̣¶˵ЦݣƳƷ
һˣ˯һ꣬еָ
۾Ǻòˣ
͵͵ϹҲϹˣٲÿԼˡ
ϵЦԽã͸޵ļԼʶ˲壬˱˵ļƣҲ³ǣԪˣ˫۾ȫΪǱ㡣
룬ҲǿЦ
ڳϣĴмãƬ̣еɫͷɵĺɫ
ǵãӲīŸǸη塢ī
һȫڵӴдܳû죬ĬĬعںߣȫڿĺУԵӷޱȣ޴Ķñסֻ¶԰ݵ°͡
ϣˡɳƵӺд˫ںУ΢΢ףޱȹ
ЩѻʱֵıԵκ˿һе¸صһЩϣҲȫȥڰûܹһ
һζػȴѡ
ǰе춯ѻһ֪ܵīҪϲˣѸٵĽϢݻ壬ֱӶеҪ֪Ƿ
䣬ʱ޿̲ڵģϾīʱҵ㡣ʱƵͭһѺ۵Ĵޣһ顣Һõ纮̶Һõûǰص֪ǷѾָ  
ѻ̧ͷī¹˰꣬ǰû˿仯һɴЦݣдɢ
šˡī̤գѻ˹Էŵ
ΪЧҵҡѻͷʾһԼģֶ㿪ī֣
ǴӺʱ˿Զ
֪ϵ壿ѻЩԥ֪ʣȴֲеĵǣԻСĵ˳
޴󰭡ī򴽣סҪǣײµĵÿĽǶȡ
˻ǹԼģ
̶õطħʲôֻҪһڣﶼѸٻָҲΪʲôīֻ˰ָԼⱲҲ޷ָ
ѻһû£һ仰ɤôҲʲڣֱ㶵ĶϵİײôҲƲߡ
۾ôˣ
īȻԸ㲻ܶʣ
ǶԶԷȶԼҪ˽⣬ֻҪָͷ֪һҪʲôҪ˵дųɡīױ²ѻҪ˵ʲôһֵǰЩ̾۾ȷʵϹˣûʲôˣ۾ˣܹ黹ķ޴󰭡
ѻԣͷͣʮָȭֱϵ͹𣬳Ĭ۾Ϲ˾˵ɣҲΪ
еһֱһֶݳֻ̬ȣԴӰǰǼº֮˶ˡ˽ô˻Ὣиϳȥ峤ݡҪ˵״
𣿡ī޷ȻһˣǱ㷭ʲô˻峤ǵˡ
ΪǧѶܳܣͷȴǲЦ̸
̤ʱߴľθһֱߣԶΪīÿһ·Ũ̵£һеɶ䣬ĳӣޱȳ羴
ᳵ·֣߳·Ժģ飬һ½ţȵޱں̶µİֲ꣬ҹֻոһյĳʴǵʹ
߳ʱǰʵһƬڰʲôɫҲȴܵɳҡҷչѪɫܴ۾
һЦѾû۾Կˣ
ĴϣеλĳԱȫۼһ𣬸ΪһСһ𣬻˽ɫȫ̫ãеɫڵ
һֻīˡ
Դīں̶һֱķ״̬û峤ƿأһЩ˶ˡǵҰĺεı¶׷ͼƿ壬ڲϵ۸ӣ໥ǣƣ˭Ҳ޷ͳһ塣
˶ΣܵԼȨ
ƿȨ߸ϵĸоʳ֪ζһʱ֮ǷſȨȻԶīĹֵޱȿܡ
īѪܱϿ⣬˲Ǳų⣬ֻ峤󣬶Ǳ˶ΪĲ壬㵱峤ҲᾡľΪ塣ٲ˵ļ£īǵ峤󲿷˻Թۣ뿴λ峤кΪ 
īȷʵεڶ͵˦ƹ񣬶ŵܵ˵޵ؽ硣зԵԽԽ˼ά峤֮λͶˡ 
ǰ峤ڻ·ϰ㣬峤˴׷ɱʹʧš
峤£䲻һҹ֮ɢˣڲֱвĵ˲Ը⿴ʹ˸ĳһֱѰڹ򲻸ˣҵī
īĹϳ֧µ峤νʷ峤ҲΪΡûʵȨ峤峤ûж೤ʱӭ˽ѡ
īǰΪ㱻ȻҪúһ£Ҳīλó롣
˵ףΪǰˣΪԼ˽ģ٣ֻԼһ
īܣй¶˵ޣʹðǰĴսУҰܣԪˣòΪΣڻ֮أѲ䵱峤ڣ˰಻סԼҰģվڵҪˮһ𷴿ī
⣬ī⻰ЦЦͣ½ŲϾŶ֪ЩҪ峤֮λ
ǰмλãȴҪλã
ԣҪһͣµǧ򡣿֮һҲѵΪǰй¶֮¸𣿡ڴ󲿷˸ͣ˸ķ
һС˫ֲ䣬ʹͷĬ˸ΣյĹâ峤ĵĲ£峤Ѿ䣬Ȼ峤Ψһӣ峤
˲Ҫˣ峤ʹȻɻỤī
һЩҪīǱữһѻĵնж֮ˡ


֮2

Щ˵ĺī˶ۣһ˦ӽ˴
̤̤~
Ųشÿ˵ĶУīÿһ£ԽԽĿϣÿ˺ԾĽϻڡīֻϻδȻҵ̫Ͼ峤֮
ӵԽԽСֻʣīĽŲôڵ˵ͷ
λҰǰܲ⣬еֲҪٴ˵һɣ굽ΣλҪڳλһҲܲˡīȺվǰ˵䣬ȻȻڵڵλϣ¶
ģ仰㷴ʵƿԣ֮ɫȻûǧǰĴսһЩõĴԡ
īǾʯһ˶ߣͷһȡ֪ǰʲôŴ˻˸Ĭŵͷ
֮ԲҰܣһҪԭ岻Žᣬ˱ſϷ̬ȣɱϲʱûһ˿֧Ԯŵ¹һڣʶʱһжˣ
˵Ҳʺϵ峤ѵʺϣһЦ
һ׹ѣĵʶԼΪһɫǺ죬δֱȰơҧʣҪһЩ棬īǰȷʵ֪Ϊ㽫Ϣй¶ôᱻץס϶ôհꣿѵҪһ͡
ͣ
īһûʵҽڣһӣһĨϹ˵㲻ܿƵķݺݵײǽϣȻڵϡһѿſڵϣһżڵϡһײײͷۻá
ǣҪҺú𣿽̽ʲôľַش֮īЦ˵֧°ͣĿľϷ˽ĹӣȾ̻Ϣ
磬ʵΪĶЦº͵˵ŰԵĻûаΥ͸С
³һѪ̧ͷԹĿīĵ־־塣ǰΪɢشû뵽˰꣬Ȭһǿᵽ˵ز
ס֣ôܡ
ī̫ˣ
㲻䵱֮

ϴ˷áǳīƲƲ죬ֱӵ˵Ļͱÿˮˡ
͵Щ˱ǵĻһɱҲûУȥҲ⼸仰û⡣޵ˣ~˵ɻģڵ˵ɰ׵ġ
ǴĻá˵ĻҪƯˣ˵Ϊֹˡ
īⲽߵ˵ǰ¿ı飬ҲԼµһ̰޵ףӶŤͷԼȥЦȴɭޱȣԼ𣿡
ףףҲ˵治ĻſڵʼͿԼī֮Ĳ࣬æĵͷϴֻīһ
ǡڣԡīһһٵ˵һӣϱȼ˺ɫĻ棬ӽӡ
ϸһῴīָһغɫĻ棬нľŪƼһɵĺӡ
~峤׵һֻ̣ʣ¿־壬˫ֺҵĴҪס첻Ը׷յĸʢ˫ҲմȾϺףԭ˫յĸɿݡ֪īѾպף˵ʲôҲǿͷĵ׵Ļⶼܽû
ʥӡں̶£ǧûһ˿ƿأ彥ʽ΢ڿʥ޷Щ϶ļΪˣ֮ȲѶֻҪܵõ׵Ͽˣһ峤֮󲻶˳ԣһʧܶա
ī˺ףζŴӴԺĵλɷѿģ޷ҡֺ
ʹ˦֣ƴҪѺףô˦Ҳ˦ԽȼԽ
ģ˾Уһ˫յĿݻƵֿŵ棬īķȥϵıΪʹŤһһϣ˻Ƶĺţ˳ֵһ𣬡ңҴˣģ~
īĽкšɻҲֲɱӺĮתǸüͷ΢塣ָ˲ʢڿŻ࣬͵һɵ
Ƭ̼䣬ڳŸ}˵ĲҽܿȻֹ⻬ĵֻʣһźɫĻҽһ紵׷ķĩմȾٽ˵ϣˡ
ϸղŸ͵˴˿̶ɫҰף亹ֱ޲īǰʧҲû˸һЩе뷨ʱɢ
īʵѾ֤һУѹһУ
ԺףڵĵĲһɳ֮⣬͸ѹЩɲѣҪԵʹס֮໥סԼ£ӡеɫǺ죬ĵҪ⣬ſôҲ
ʥܹѹ˵ûһ֮˿ԵֿסѹҲ˵ֻҪīԸ⣬˲佫ѹõͷ
Ƶڵ
~
ȼ˼Ż棬ղ˵ַǿҵճɻҽī⡰չˡһ°ǰΪλˡ
ڶĲҽڵڴ˷ĨŶͷϵ亹һľԼһˣֱǽڲŲòͣ¡
ŵźɫĻҽڳʿˮףֻҪīڣͲҪʲô˼ıҪûС
ڶҵ峤֮λӦûʲô˰ɣ֣īɫδ䣬ƺղɱֻЩѼţѡ
ӭ峤Ҳû˸з֮ģȫ֮ϵ뻮һصڹڡ
ԶǸ߸ϵ
ЩǷķڷǾīܹû¶⡣
īһЦһ£ὥȶҪ˶ãָܻ֮ǰӡһֱûһܹͳһڣûָҲϵڲɵ޵˺ɱꡣ
ûʲôĴ־Ҫ巢ֻ岻Ҫ
˲Ҳˣұɱ֮
ӽԺеĴСɺѻҴѻҡ
ĺѻȵ죬Ҫ˵Щʲôû˵ڣֻǵʹͷ֪īôΪ֮šϾˣҪīŵĵطûС
Ӹ߸īŴȥ뼸˫ް߰ף̬ǰͣסͷȥλ岮ԲΪҵԣܵش˾һ֮ء
ԴԺҲ޵һˡ֣سŵĵطڶٸ
ߵ󣬲ҵܹԼĵط
۽ǶЩʪڳ󣬿ϵԼΣҲС
׹ͺãǰľȥɣ
㲻Щϳ˴ǳܲ𡣡
Ҫס壬ʹǰʧȥȫ
īһ䣬ȻûĲеģбǷģҪһһֻ
λܾĸң緱ٲʢ𣡡ī̧ͷŴ֣ء
û뵽ī˿ĵ־ϲ
ٲʢ𣡡
ٲʢ𣡡

߿ȺԽܡ
ѻӽ磬˶뿪ǰʵǿᣬ飬һ䵥˵޵Ķ֡ī
ֻʥһС磬ԶԶԭؽʮ֮һ
ǣѻӦ
Щ˾ȥҪأ±޷֣˺ɱǰ磬ЩŴˣ˭ǡڳȥֻҪ޵˷֣ͻȺ֮һ޶ȥɱ
ޱȱ
Ժһȥ
īҲĹǣеڶ磬ϵµͨˣڣһ֮ǰţƽĵط
ĵطشƫƧأ걻ɷΧƣϡס˵ĵط֮һȱԳһϵЩɷ
Ҫԩ꣬˼ֲˣ˺߻ħ̡ܶ
ɾô˷Υͣ΢ʣսΪ켺ΪʵǿЩ֪忪սֲֺôûжԣߵҲһֱల¡
ֱһλ߻ħɱ˴޸ɵĵӣЩżеţĴɱˡ
Դ֮ԽԽżС
īǰΪʲô͵޵˲Ժͣڲף뷨ڵıҪûС֮ĳ͵޷ĵزǺ޲ʳƤ


֮3

ѻīķſڣԥ˷ţû˻Ӧ
ʲô£һӷϴ
ѻԾݶһīѸٵĵͷƿߣٶ࿴һۣڶñ֮µĲ԰Ϻĸһ˿Ρ
īֻһɫ£ݼϣһ֧ͷһͷڷɢµ΢¶ǺͺᣬһֻһС̳ľơ
ɫ֮£ݼϺһӣ͵ĹӳϣһʸУһž̳̬š
īɢӣռ⣬һʱ仹ЩϰߣѻʶĿһעЩ
վֻҶˣͱô࣬һ֪ѻʲôȿڣݼϣԴ׺ŵĳײڷƮݣ֣һЦ¶׾ݡ
˰βѻκζǴмֵֶּ֣٣ʡ
īݸһЦü֪ҴδҵˣҪԾأ
~ĳȥЩζ
ѻһá
ߺīƤֺðЦҪҪһ̳Ϫľƣҿղ˺ܾãԼ᲻úȡ۾ָײһĵԽ͸Ͼ޺Цƽ˻ϲ
˵ҪҪȴɷ˵Ľһ̳ĻѻҲûֱܾӽӹ̳Ŀ⣬ʲôҲû˵͵ȥ
ιιСĵȡ֪ѻȾƵӣīµֲҪ˺ȾƣֻҸɺ׽ѡ
ĶñĶ䣬һͷ׵ĳк£ݿʵ겻չ԰ףԶʹ˳üۣô޺
紫̵Զ
˶֪ѻīұۣĻ£֪Ŵɥ
ΪʲôҪ峤ϲѻ̳ͣߣʵ
ծЦЦƳǳ
ϸ۲Ļ֣ᷢī̳еľƴӿʼûмٹûһѻеľѾ˴룬ȴ˿⣬˫ۺġ
⣬ԲҡʣµĻڷУīı˵֣棬ܿ۾ĻһǷǳ۾
ڵҺܲѻһھƣ̸ܶѾõĻشˡ
ٺãҲʵš
ǣǱá
ʲô£īϵ֣ɢƽǰɢʲô顣
лʧڰǰĴսУĳϣȥѰң֤УȻˣʳǷ£ҲϣȥѻʵǲԸīٳȥ
߳ȥЩαˡ
£ģܴõġֻҪͷҲʱսܺþͿԡī˵
ţġѻͷ
ԣûͷˣѻƬ̣һܲõϢ˵ī֪˵ȽϺãܱȥҪúܶࡣ
īϵıһһɷڳ漴ס¶һĨζЦҪúùϲһ
˵ϵıȴӶ񵽼㡣
ŲĶɣ˽˴̰ĺǣǺƣαӻ
ڰյ̶Уձʹ࣬ŻǻѪ֮ʹҪջָȻǷԼģһһֻ
īͻȻž̳͵ݺݵعһڣһȴȵ࣬˫ʣƬ̼еľ̳䣬˳ܹµµĹȥĵббµȥ
ѻۼֿ죬һѷסī΢΢ҡͷҿӸղžһֱע
֪ԼһմƫƫҺȣÿҪ˰㱳ȥͻ鷳дΣѵõЦˣЦݡ
Ĵִֻ̫š
˽֪Īħͷɱ飬ȴ֪þƣһ˲ǺǱ˷ʹޡīֻϲղظƵȥղصľĳ˵Ķӡ
īſںѻıϣ־壬첻֪ʲôû񾭣ֻһ
īһκ˾ƺıֲ˵Ƕ˰˵ҲԶˡոպһƺһ˿ʼޣϻ»ŻһȺˣīʲôԸ񣬴С޹һ˸ææҵİοЩһƣ׷ǴֱŪһͷˮ׹ˡ
ЦһƬˣ
ī֪ʲôµܾ鲻Ծһ˺ü˶˵֪һ۸ĵ֪Լʲô˵£֮˵ʲôҲϺȾƣǳþƹӣű˺̬ٳĲֺ
īڶ뵽ԼȻ˾ƣ·ûþʹѻķ䣬ȭЩΪʵûʲô˵°ɣҪǰ㣬ûʲôˡôඪ˵㶼Ҳںٶһ
ãû˵¡ѻ¹ڲӣЦҡҡͷ
ī˵ͷа֪ѻǲƭˣ˵ѻҲһ۾ͱʶƣȻ˵ѲݸûȵģʱԼֲľľ仰Ǽ١
⣬Ĵæͷδᣬաҡǰīɷ˵ļѻķ䣬Цݡ
ѻΪŵ̾˿峤һ㣬ܸóЩ峤ġ˵棬ԼȽɵīڴϵı֣ǰҪࡣ
𳤾òõӣѻͷᵽβͷ˳īīĳΪ
ϰû˿ȴҲûУһǰ
ַһ㣬ȴƴǰľҲƴǰ
īʵźѻһͬȥŵ岻û˴ֻúѻ˴Գ硣
Ƕ֮С磬Ϊ˶ܵ޵׷ɱصСڣҪڣٲһ
īյԼòõİٱҷһ飬ЩõĶӰ˵ĶһԵˣ˳㽫Լûзŵϵúù˹䣬׹岢˶޵ߣһ޸֮ͨˡī˫ָ󣬾ѲԼذѲ죬㡣
ڴˡ
īڳ󣬿İĻһʱŪԼ֮أһƬɫϴݲԲ֮ڲһˡ
վԭش˴˼Ժ֪ĵطûһǺϣĪ·뿪֮ǰڵĳ˵ھĻʳ֮ϣͲǻʳǡ
Ѱ˸ȥٴܷɳȥһԶԶؿһƵʯһϲӿٶȣ͵ʯǰ
ʯƵֻʣСߣԾһ˸ߣ֪ʯʱʲôӡּģ壬ϡԱϳһϵġ塱֡
īüͷʯϵּ鱮ʶϿ˰֣ǡ󡱻ߡ롱֡
Ȼﲻ޵ķֽߣʯӦÿ̵ǡ塱̶̰꣬ʯưܳӡ
ɢŴʯҲڴˡ
֪Լ֮صīҲûʱȥп˷ǣۿ̫ҪɽôҲҪ֮ǰҵһŵĵطԭȵķīһ·УĸĻʳǡ
ĺɫĺ֮ʱ˻ʳǡĿĵ洦ɼʧżҲܼõЩ綼ʧԣҲ޷ʹãϵǳһĺɫ¶ѪɺԺĺۼ
һΰĳǳؾӲݴĵطʵǽϲ˵ĺۼŴһָӡذȥһָҪѳǽıѿ
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ҹĻ£īһںڰţӾн࣬ʲôڰһĻεţǳǳĺ
ߵʳǵ룬վ˺ܾ֮Χ˴ܵĵطǿջһҹһϹӲҪʡ£ֱ˯ 


֮4

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ĶԼĽ˵ͷһ꣬ƻû衣
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Ҫɱҡī϶Ĵ뵽Щ޵ĶС
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ԭɣīԴӸ֮޷ֻܸҺãͬһ㶼󷨣ֻΪӣ޷ֱʹðˣ
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ѸСһСݰĴСīġīպۣʳ۷ȥ
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˭Ҳ벻ɵ󷨵ֻ̬ǿźľԽԽСΪĴָĺˮƯڿУৡһڽɵС˴ֵΧĿϢƽϢϵҶҲһ˲ʢ
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īЦŽ뵽ԼİٱУҲԺõţòҲˡ
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ľ֦Ѿչ֦иһӶչΪĵľ޴󷨻תﲻֹĵطƬؼʧ


ǰ

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һһҹ֮䣬û˸ĸû˼ңĵ·֪


ϣһСؤͷҴææţһײˣͷǸֻæˡײϵһǸͷ棬·ҵСؤ㼱æĴԼ·һ·ʲôۻĶ
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Сؤī
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СؤһƺܲмСؤ
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СĵĽԼȥǵСʱﾭСΪϲԻС
ÿα׺㿩Ц
ĺɵĲһ£֪ĺ᲻СʱһЦأ
ڵӾһСؤƭˣƭת
ɫ࣬Сû˱ŪȻʧЦҡͷ߶ʧߣʧߡĺɷ·ʲôҲûĻ˵ڡ


޽У1

һ·ϵȫԾıÿīʶĲײһϹӡǽϱγۣӵȺīԶķֳ
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~صڣĪҪˣƽ̻᲻ˡϵЩ漴ȻԶ˵ЩʲôҲᴫڡ
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ΪʦһжԸģֲ˱ħͷ˵ʳرӦ뵱īǱҵͼı죬ҵʦ淢ֵ磬ԽΪסΪǸɺսдʤĻᡣ޲⡣
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ҪװŪб³һս԰ױŵôһŽ·ֻҪнֲܰġ
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㡤ǲᱳѵڡǮβһӡΪīҪȡڻܣԵڲ
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鲼ȻлᦵһǣǰĴսУлᦱ飬ѳ飬һ鱻˻ȥһʧڴսУһ鱻ڵõѹڵŽأ껪
˴γҪĿľΪ˽ʣƬһء
лһƽڵϣΧһС󷨣Ӱģ󲻼ˣƾʧڣī鲼޷ӵƯسĳҶ
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ҺãһԼ
ֽջأī֪ж˵ɽһ
ŶҲûī˵ʲôīûзŵīǱ㿿˿У壬ǰߡ  
īͻȻڿһ󣬱㽫һĻСè˳׾ٵСè󾱵ƤëЦ˵Сһϵ˰ɣûѧþͳˣȰԺãǧҪôױץסдǰҪúÿ壬ܲǵҪȻͲֻǱץסô򵥡
ƢõģпܻᱻƤīŻ
Сèû뵽Լ˷֣һ£漴׺ݵĵź۾﷢𡱵ǿһҲ׺ݣʮֿɰ
ʹֻצӣκ̫̣īֻ⡣ڰڵˣĴ
ˣīϾɻڡ
СһȫҶǣ֮ưɭֵߣϻ㣬ҪȻҾҧ㣡Сϻԣͺͯһ۵в
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Сϻ۵ͷĻǱ˰˺һŭƴϹӣΡߣôܸϹӵҵࡣ
ǣҲҪ
ϻϻ¶һӶı飬ˣ


޽У2

ˣһͷϣ۵ֱīīʲôҲֻǻһڳϷ
ףңû´ĻͲͨĻ񻢡ǣҪΪҾͲɱ㡣īɫһ䣬ŵ
ǲԸ⣬Ҳû취ֻó飬ʹȻңһкܴȤī 
ƮƮһ仰СϻͷƤ飬䣬ֵ׺Ҳֻζ񻢣ʵīסˡ
ûôײеˣ
īڲʱһǼߵɵĶȻضãֻһֱװŲ֪
û뵽һֻϡޱȵ񻢣 
һɽУٻ˵ǰѵһУҲѡ񻯳ΣԱʾˡԴϸϲټÿֻΪǿҲûʲô˸Ҵ񻢵⡣
ŵֻ񻢣Ӧֻֻ׻ζֻܻı仯һΡɽ֮ʵѵá
ڼǧǰһǿɵɱһֻ񻢣ŻƤ׻ĸĸ֪żʮֻɱǸɣֱѪϴǲǸŵʬеż巢档
ɱһֻ񻢣͵һķ񱨸ɣ
һеĵޡûʲô˻ΪһѾɳͷ֮ǵ޶жĵؽ񻢻ǵ֮һ
Ժ󣬻ûʲô˸һ塣
īʲô塣ץץôʹ򣬸ɱɱ
ңҪҵﲻŹ㡣Сϻϵ˵βдſǻҪԼһʱ͸ĸ͵͵ܳôڶħ
˿žĸĺܺãȻƨɣͷôһԲϾͳ⡣
ȻնĹȻڰ
Ϊʲôңѵһ򲻹ĸĸīʡ 
ҪǹԹԸҵǲΪ㣬෴һ߶ԣīŻһָһ棬գϻʱðһźףЦеСϻǰ˻Ρ
СϻĿźףʿˮȷʵӺиܵвڵ˻˲ת䣬˵ģֻҪ㵱һʱͷҡ
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˿ʲô֮ˣ߷緶ȫҪˣֻҪܻͺãĸʿɱȫԺ󣬼סЩкãֲܱ 
һԣ׷Ҳƭ㣡īЦҡͷôһֻ̰񻢣ԼС˿أвһ¾ˣ϶˼
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һ˲䣬СϻĴͷҡβ͡ͻţѡߡ 
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СϻԸĽԼһƥǿ׳ƥԼҪīߴĺһɫ԰
Լıǰе඼ǺС
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ôֵطȤīʵ
šеĻȥҲ޷ûԼķԺҲ᷽㲻١֧֧ĲԸԼҪôķ
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ÿһµĸسĵǰϵȵ޶ͷѪ
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īһҪ֪룬֪᲻ĽĻƤ£ֹˮֹˮֹˮҵ֡
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ֹˮ֪ī𣿾ǸǰĴħͷ˸߲ҵʵʵҲ֪Щ˵ġ
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С־ֹޣֻҪڽϺһֱܾ֡Խ˵Խ˷ܣнţ㵸
īǺǣһ֪ҵֻãҲԺõš
˵ɱһͬ޵ĺѣսɱ˵ʬ׶Ϫ˵ϪĺˮڻѪɫʱǲȥΪһ֮˽һţɱļȮ˵˸òó
ΪֹûҪϪĺˮ⣬ѪɫиϵīĬĬְڻĲȻ˻Լ̲סϻĲӡ 
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ī˳ǣ̲ס˻üĻ졣һᣬͷϱ˼ȥǻȴȻ֪ԼΪʲôᱻϲĽ
ǽеıʶīϣһظ 
īͷϵðһźף޿̵ĽƨϵƤëյͺһ飬󽹺ζʱ
һʲôҵƨɣ
Ŷ˼ֻīƽްֳĵǸ

īĶ徻ˡ
ʮⶾڴ׳Ϣīһϸ֦ɶ̵ѣߴĵʱʱ͵ƮһֱֵĻ
㴵ʲôӣܺ˶ë׵Ķ䣬һʱûסʵ
īƬ̡̣
ܴī˵˶֣ʵסЩ˲˾Ŀɳֻʣһˡ 
ĴҲûԸ϶ֻýĵ
ӺУαعô


޽У3

һΡĴɽǴֱͦΣͻأĽضϵ·ʵɽƶˣգֱֱɽ泤˴׳ľղͺͺһƬ͵ɽһƬ
վɽŰ࣬ɽΡ׳վɽֿժǳǳ붼Ѫڡ
ôȥƹȥҪϲʱաʵ
īڰٱ̽̽лᦵһݲУ÷ѹסĿĵزԶáƬѾǺڵķΧӦСʹǽС
ʲôɽ֣鶼ʲѡ
Ҳ󷨵һ֣Զ̾Ľ˴һط͵һطѸݡĻͬʱ󷨵ĻγɿռͨȽѣҪĲó⣬ŶûǸ¡ī͵
ôôѲЩŵˣ
ǡҲʦ˽ı˶ЩīЦҡͷ
ɽŴųĶ飬ﳤнļΪ󷨱ԵһӺڵĵӣһһ̲ĵޣȡáǺڵĵӣҪǵĴҪһǮƣǺڹȡһҲ޿ɺǣ㲻Ϲһ޶ܵѡʹ󷨵˽϶ࡣ
Ӵڶ룬īڻϡ
ܱߵĵ޿īˣһָָ㣬˽ԻӴڶΪ
ֹˮôǲЩࣿųĶ飬ԼΧϢˣʵ
ȷʵƽô˲٣ҲӦôࡣīͬĵͷ
Ŷ⣬糿ȵ磬ֵīˣ˶ķãīվ󷨵룬һ׹ڿն˸˼¹âʧԭء
ɽǱѲȴߵ˸ɽ˺ָĵڴΧפΪӪ
Ѷִϲ١
ɢûʲôҪĪ˵ǳ⣬ˮҲֲϡ
ɣЩŲǷȸزεĸȻδȣЩŲӦ
Ͳ֪ˣС¾ǵ޴ᣬѡʱ˵ЩܷŹĥӵĻᡣЩžָزȤĥ˵أٵЩŵӣ
ôһ˵Χ˶ֻڵĵӣʵҲСǵĻᡤ󣬵Ҫôһ
ī̸ۣ֪ΪʲôôޣԭǳŸض
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ӻ˿ʯӣͶѨڣ㱻һȻڴн磬ܽ롣
ֺβͶ죬ϲ̵Ķī˵ֹˮиأǲ˰ɣ
īƬ̣Ȼ̽أǾ͵ȸؿȥܲܵõֵķȻȱʲôΪһҲ
ͬ⣬ϲԽ߸˵ܵЩ룬̽ϢȥīҲûɻڡ
ī֮˲ˣȻоЩŵĵӣͷҲˣŵĵӡԴͷŵĵӣڡڵĵӸʮһˡ
ͷǸµŮӣԶӯԾɴĶͷˮĴۣĿԣٻ⡣ŵĵŮ䣬˵Ц
ǰһӣüĿбޣָĳϣԳɡ
֮ôûм磬˲Ӱ𣿡ŮûӾǧ֮飬ΪŴЦʵ
˫ֲӤҪʱһҪ֮ޱ˵飬пչֵܶˣĹĵڵԪδɲֲʱˡϾͬڽףϼס
űͬһԴǧʲôײ׵ġĿĴƣûڵӵӰ·¸ˣػûż
ڡԼڲΪԴͷţΪţµ֮ԴڴˡŽԳΪţһȵļţһհ
Ӻڵĵӵ֮Щɢ޼ӱ㽫õλ˳֮ҲûֱռݣһǱ紳ȥ
ϴԪԣΣ˭ʤһЦźۼĴ˵ľ磬һ̵˼
֮񺬺Ӧֻ˼Уûֳʤ
ţ˸ĵ׶԰֮Ԫ֮⣬ԪֻǵΪԪǵڵĵӡ
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ûһᣬȥ̽һԵȫ߸īǰе޲ȰҪڸػδ֮ǰ˽ȥȻҲûгԼһǰһЩĵƶϣɽƺлŵЩǿȥĵ˲⡣
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ᡣԪʦôô¡Ǯβŵҡͷϡ
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ī˵ϳǱǲеڵӣɻüԪֲΣ˶ĸߣﵹЩڴ³š
λѣһĺĵޣԵʻ֮˴ҪǴһԪˡī˹ȥ˿ı˱ȭ
˭ΪҪʦ֣кͼ԰´īüĿ͸ŨŨľ֮⣬Ŀ۾϶Ƭ̣һԳżȻ˵ϹӣоһĲչҲʩʩȻһ
ī¶һ㾪ȣæһ񣬡ˡ׾֪λǵڵӣʧĵطֹˮ
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Ҳʲô£ֻ¾ΥʦִҪϼУҾںδī
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ĪŵĹͷ㡤ҪսʦǻҪϼꡣʦ¶һᣬз̸԰ײ֪īģǿЦ˵
ô㲻ҡҪҪǹϼԣīü
԰ףɲһϹӱԡ
ѣؾͿҪǾͲҪװ˷ѾǾؿѷҪʦֹ֣ԵȵعرպۡǮ˸еİ취
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л֪īȻĵ˵ͷͬǮ˵ЩԵ顣
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ֻǻԵɺ֮ͨ飬˵ʵữΣΪߡī͵
Ŷ԰˿˵ЩεΪܸߣôһͨͨĵ޵أԭһֻͨҲǰ;һԻΡ
ǮͰβס棬ΧŻ˼Ȧ棺ֻǲȻֻֻèֵز츳Ҳ򵥡
ǮεĿ佱βͶҪ죬ȻˣҲ˭
Ǯ㽾αֻÿɰĵشյǰͬ죬ǮΪȤ¡
һһôѸٵ岻ͬ˶ҪΪֵܡڻ£ǮСıϣ৵һ˳ȥٶȼ졣


޽(4)

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԰ѭȥķǽʧò˰ʱȫʧ
ĿŽһȥ԰ȹϵϣת·ڷڵˮй˼ܣʼղԪӵ
ǮΣҪʧԪʦ¸ϲʦֵһһ·¼ǺţѭŸϹ԰˵
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Ѹٵɽ϶ȥ̶̵ļһ·̡
ٵĵ޷˵ķɽȥŸɽڱݺݵ»һأҲʩ㣬ڰ죬ֻһ롣ֻ֮ǽŷһٶȴ
ȺлʵǿĵޣӲƾ֮֮
ɹͨ
˿Щ޽׾ű춼ʹ˳ȿֺӿȥ
԰Ҳ˺Ѹٵڶȥ
ֹˮ㻹Ÿʲôȥ˻ԵˡĴߴٵҧīǰ
ǮβԵĿվԭȻԵõīֹˮѡ
Ӵôɽڣѵһһȥī뻢ŤӣצŲӾ뷢Ц
ôȥиõİ취Ųīиõİ취ĽԼϣȺɽڷ񱼣ڼײˡ
ײ˶ŭһۻīּܿ뵽ɽгУֻҪ֮¶ɽҪɽʱѾ뵽ɽУӰ԰ҲҪȥ
쿪צӾҪɽ
ĪĪīסͷ­ϲðһŻ棬ٺɫĻԾţػԭȵɫ죬һҪһȺСҪ˵ȥҵ顣Ծǡ
īһɽ̵ܳһ󶴣ոչһ˽ŲȵĵطӻıͷСҴȥ
ŶľګĵͷһֻߴĻèīļͷôҲûϵīĻǿ󣬾ɽճ󶴣ɽ
īһɽŶһƵΧĵ޿īôɽĿ˴ɢɽͥŲģһȺƻɽԿ
˿īɽѨӣЧķɽϿŵĵط
еɽϣ֪ʲôǼӲʹȫֻɽһС϶ЩѾ˿˿Ѻۡ
ְԹĿ׷īıȵĿ޲ýīеĻҲաӵĻܼ򵥣
ֽ۹īߵ·ߣЩСɵĵɽڣһСīߵ·īǶ֣īδǣ˶ŵӵī·ߡ
ԶԶؿȥīǸһβͣɽϣֿЦ
ֹˮŤͷ¿ĵĶīޡ
ûʲôҲңֻԸ㲻ҪٽĹѪͷīЩЦ⣬ָ˵
ô֪͵͵㡣۾ȵʵҡСԴԺһڱ㡣
īЦЦ
һһĵϰɽɽʮֿ°ٰʮˡһ˸ߵɽԱһؿڴһǰ͸Ĵ󶴣ճȳѪҺѾá
ʱڵ¿һݵʯӦɽ̣ɽڹηʥ
īʶΧɨһȦûзʲôر֮Żȥ
ʮͬĵ·ǰī˸Ѩ˼̽̽
Ѩ̫֪·ȷġīӣҲԼ²⵽Ըī
˶īûżǰߣͣ˾䲻ɵĻ
ˡڿ˿Щ޶
šī͵öϣָ޵Ħű̵ĻƣһĨע뵽УϰĹ⻪ȥ
ţʦ֣ұ͵öƺҶϵ֮һͨĵüͷ۾֪öڣȴһ
ް֮ûж⣬ֻǶöƶѡ
ɽĵ޼īվԭأڵǣòΡͣ½Ųվɽڲˣԥԥ
īе׸ˣƸǣĪҪٸҡ
һ޽סƣԵĳī˿ͷоƣȵ⡢Ǻڵơ
·ŸɽǸһѽ˳ȥźڵƵǱЩڵĵ֪ˡ
ǿϸֵĺһֱڷɿƶ
˻಻٣һʮ
ʮ˶ʧƵǸӣʣЩԺڵӵĺѵǺڵЩӣ˾
⡤ҪƾͿԡϺڵĵӡǺһܴܣЩ⶯ڵơ
ֹˮߵ·ܲ׷Щޣ󣬱īڶѨＲۡѡǵһѨ
ܣߵĲ·ī
ΪʲôҪ·͵ɲסӣŤͷҪߡ븣ΪѰҷ˷ʱ䡣
Ļ;ͬ飬󵽴ĶͬһطīƵ˵
㲻˵ΪԹ˵˵˵һ룬ᣬı̿
·ߵҪԶһʱµˡīŵ
ƶֵڵϣߺͣҲ
ķľģҲܲˡīЦЦܵ仯Īɫ΢ĺá
ԭ԰׺ܿ׷Ͱ֮ǣЩ׺ţ񷢾˸ˣīתתһڵСɫ
ûԪԼҲҹ֮˵
Ҳǣڵ׷֮һһЦ
óı׷ٺ֮̽߹·ûпأԪܺ׷кܶطδ֪֮óȻòκΣգõĻΣգ֮̽ҪԱ͹Գ
һۺ죬ûȥᣬÿֻܿͿڵΪ̽⣬ԷıꡣںܶطܼڵӵӰ
԰ûҸ̫ǺڵҪ֣¼ҹ޷ӦԡһƴС̣ɫʯͷֵֹΡһڿл󷨣ſھϵָתָǡƾ׷ַ԰ײûʧڴ۸ӵɽС
԰֮ЩīɽĵޣƾеƣǾ԰ԽԽ
֪īΪҪ·ֻ֪Խ֮Խأտʼûоľ͸ܵ˳ǵ⡣Źֱ䡣
Ҫȥ䣡ʵʹƤëţǹ⻹Ǵ˷ꡣ
ԿܲΧһ⸣Ѿǰīüͷǲ֮е΢ʱܲˡ
áתһů˳žܹȫ¶ʱůͲ٣ôؼʼһʯһͻһʹ
ƽؼϪױգȴճ޷ա
޷աŬ죬Ͷһ˿
ţ֪⸣صڡּ֮أΪɽڻһֻӦɽеɽ̣ɽ̲ײ࣬ӦûĽżȥΪʲôûУɽڣЩ֮ΪҲ̫Щīһ˺Щ⡣
⡤צԴɽô֪Щ
еһж˵һ㣺鸣˽һЩֽšī
ǸڵķûУѿڶȥΪ˷ŽģҪ綼ߣˮһա
ֲӣô֪ûСīЦֻ񻢲С̰硣
Ӧһ
Ҵȥ֪ˣн·īһȭԱߵɽϣڶϸ޳ƻСɽϲ֩·ѷ죬ָĻӵһ˸ߣѵɽճ˺ڻңƮ䵽һ档
ɽںпգĿ
~ˮУīһƻ쵽ɽںգһӾͲɽ֮
̽Դ³򣬲ȷʵѵ˵Ľ·
ӹȥǡī϶ĵͷ
Ҳ˵֪ӵǳںڰб治ѵҪιȥ
õģһָһԸǲҪˣҪǵĻԭ·عȥմ־ͺáīЦ˵Żһԭ·ء
ĵͷͬ⣬֪ԼӲˣҲֻЦ˵·ѡĺáī˵ı˵µڶ˸˵µһľͻ׹īֻб


޽У5

īڻϣϳָŻߣԣƫˣˣҡ
Ӷ֫ӷĻˮ棬ﲻϰīɣҪԼӳҪǰţʵס
һʱ˰īߣϰſڵϺĴ˻ָЩӵ󶶶ϵĻëܶˮ飬ˮɾëŹ˵ī
ī֪ЩʲôĽԶûбϣûһʧ
īɽһôҵһ֮ʮָȭɽϡ
¡ƿǱɽڻҪֱɽڶѷȻ͵䣬Ļҳ׷
ܿһߴüѹֵ
ɽںúõôˣ
ĸ쵰֪ҵңûг۾
īȵҳɢƵ߳Ŀ䵽ʱŲסŴһ~ߴ·ˣԲסλǲǣ
Щ˲עٳīһУ鲻Ը¶ԴһĹߣһֻͨ
ЦȻһֻ⣬⡣
ŪЩ۶Ӳǲɽƻġ
ҪӵĲ֪ĸ䣬ڴ֮ͥ¶ۡҪǿ˵µﶼԳɾˡ
ָĻЩ޿īĿгЦͬ黹е⣬Ρ
īӵЩƵĿ⣬Żǰ漷˼Ⱥÿÿ
Ƭ¶С͹㳡ʯ̳ɵĵ棬ɫʯͷ͸˿˿⣬ǰ洣һ̳̳湩ѷһͨ׵ĳһ񶦡һůɫߡҪķͻᱻ󷨷ȥҲ
˿̹㳡Ͼۼ˲ˣīɽ֮ǰģ֮Ŀ⵭ɨֱ𿪣ǺĶ࿴˼ۡ԰ԭǿֵĵⳡֵ˹Ǳɢī־ϲ
ֹˮѣΪ٣ҳķʽҲ̫ڲͬ԰ЩʵߵīߣŹֵϴת
ǰߴ·
īƱڶֻһСЩֵֽĿڼ̳֮ϵķϲȡ
īһ·ûиоɽȴڲ֪ߵɽһߵصڰɽյȴɽ֣ȥ㳡¶ģΧ˴ľ
ɭɫԶ˷żֹּ̳֣Ƭ㳡ڣ۾˿ײʲôҲ壬ƺҲʧЧΧӵȥ˶һ
ϤϤǴʱŲĦִһֻźݺݵزڿݰ֦ܵѾϣּŲ岻ľ׽Զ˼ˣ
ЦӺ󾱴͵תȴǰããʲôҲûУڳʶĲŽ΢΢񾭽ŵĿΧ
˭Ҳ޷Ԥһ̵
ֹˮѣ԰ȡ̵ָ̣תʼͣ԰΢΢̾˿̫ͣһܵű޷ʹá
վԭزҪҶкʲô͸Ĵ԰׶УīĻ˵ԥԥ϶üͷ˼ʲô
԰׹ûĴ߶
ٵĴ߶ȴܲΧˣ³һ߶ʼ޷߳Ƭ㳡ֻʣ˶һˡ
һһε֮£ʧģһڱбǧôã飬ĵһֱľ֮УµʱһҪһеĳ嶯Ժоþǻȥ
ɱһУ
һִйƻԵͯ˶𣬽ǻɱĵײӡЦ֮ͯóԼתѪɫ
īǵ価ԼĵףĹƻͬͬĵͷǵ˵Щʲôīǵͷһʡ
ǵʱ޷Ķī־ڰһ棬ֻɽһǣŴī˳ʬɽѪĿ꣬һҲΪ
ҲƵԶīҲҽ
΢ĩоסˣЦʲô谭¡ҵˣҷ𡣡īıЩ죬ָֻܿԭ
Żߵ̳ǰ棬īֽٻԼǰøԼѡһֵġ
δīĻͱĵ̳ϣһצӰϣ˼Զ˵ʺңһʱ
ҪȫߣҲ㡣īµǵС˼Ц
צ£бī̳ãɵõԵʱһ޴ķ֮ؼ̳ЩԲڼ̳ڹ˼ȦëմЩӵаߣֱͬ˻ȥ
㻹ѡһķīһЦֲ֧
Щɥһᣬ𳤽ַ£ϸϸĿķ£ԣоͦ˳֡
񶦣ɹأͬȽʺ͡Ҫ񶦵ƷʽϺáīֽŻԭ񶦸
ûīĻ޷õȻī˿ҲܾܾҿīƶĿǣǲġҧצϵ棬ڷϵѪҺ뵽֮У
֮˷ϵޣĶ˻񶦣ջ
Ũɢȥ㳡ϵĹ⾰ӵĺкҲͬһʱڶߣ벻ѡ
ʱ㳡һţɱۣ˾ɱ˾ͺòѪȻңЩָ־ĵãȻĿԼȾѪ˫֣㳡ϸӾ֣˼
ЩŵĵӶڸĻסһڱƣ㳡ϻѪȣһɫѿ
֮ȷӦڵҪңȽصļסȻЩ˵ĵӣѶԸĵ޽ҺԼҪСģȫΪϡ
ڵĵȷɢڵĵԥ񿪿ڵ֮Ļ
䣬ڵĵҲ뵽ƽϢҵС
һжùɣʶĻЩ˵ĿƣҪȻݹҲ֮񽣼Ķһеī
īһƴɳĵޣתüһ˼ô˵Ļ֮ˣҪǾǾඣ٬ǳŪ
֮ŲױŪȥ϶һеסϾЩīƽƽȴƽ£Ӱ죬ǰԲͬķʽ˼֤īڲͬ˵īģԼš
ԭȻڵõϲУ˿̵Ҳ֪ԣī˶㣬صʵʵȷᱻѵĶá
ͬҹУҲϲܣӮҵսҡīһҲصĻᣬĻ¶

ڻƨһƣͱͳȥһأֱҡͷҲܵģҪʹʹҲֻǸס
鼱֮£Ҳ˲īеƵϡ
ֽ֮һתٵͬߣ׼ƣĿˡ
ȶӶڴתС˶սƽѧĴ˿ȫˣԴֻҪˡ
û嵨ôС񻢶ҪܲЩóķͬսһսһʲô¡īһ˵ŷʩѹ


޽У6

֮һת·ͱ֮ƴѹסŻʽѸݣĻͲǱȣǷϵ
~һȻХ񶦻һ⳯ųײȥ񶦺ͳײһ𷢳죬ԵӲĽ֮˼񶦲Զַɵߡ
ֹˮһʹˣҿԺ˶ԵУ˲īղŶ֮ˣ˵ͬī
Ŀ佱϶ĵͷ
~֮õߣǵһб˸ˡǰмӲĽŻȥ
Ÿղŵֿס֮ľĴĳŰ֮ȥߣ仯һڴ󶦵ĴСǵ֮ѹȥ
֮ƮĪ⣬ųڶڣ޴ѹѹó񶦣뻢һֽ񶦴Զû񶦻Ż¶Ƥ֮¡
ûס񶦷ɵļԶһʱղ
~
īһһųεδѪ˳Ž䣬˵ҪҪҵͬ⣬𣿡
֮󾪣֪īƵǰŽ鲻ҲƲǰȥϲεͣڿУīֱˣץųɫ޲
ɫĻ˳ӵϣ߶ϣںɫĻ»Ϊҽ֮æеĳ£ʵ㵽˭
īջƣתͷʵû˵
ûûСųĻصΪ񻢣ǿһˣīϸܵһɱ⣬Ȼת˲ţܵķ 
ţǾͺáīѪڵһ̲ɫĹߴմѪĵðڿצķ衣ī޵ĶħƵĺ߸˵Ĵ֣ЦŨ
ɫĹ߲ڰ֮ϣһӣֻ۾ͱӣ֮ҵԽ߲ԽЩ͸壬ѪҺʪ½
֮ϳƬظ롢˻ܵϢ
֮յɫǺ졢ѵ֣㡢ǡˡ
Ȼ϶ȴǳһЩתֹˮˣ
ëֹˮǺǸ˵ö֮īͬһˣľս˼ĵشīû۾ϰײţһƯĹֵʶī۾ЩԥҲ 
ҴΣīŻʵ
սս˵
˵Ҿī𣿻ǣԿʵ
룬ʵû紫ôĬ˺ܾãŵ˵
ī¶һʤЦݣ¶Щ׾ݣȥЩȥǸ˵Ļˡ 
ؼ΢Ķīǡò׽ȡһȡ
ȣ
δ˵ִȣһȡ
ӵ滭һɽˮͼʶˣһ֪ķ羰ɽˮ㣬ˮϣǸ˽ܵĺõط羰ã˽ܱ֮ء 
֣һǳ鷨ʦ֣֮ʿдᰶֵ֣ǣ沢ûид֮˵ӡ¡ 
βûе׹ǹһߴɵĺ춹ɫĳ봹ӭ΢
ɭַ͵ػӶӣȶ˹һ磬Ƭɭָƻ¶˲ԶվŵһĿŵأоųߵȫ²˺ɫĳëⳤ¶棬з͵Ĺâ
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ɽŨɷŵܵīߣĽһֹˮ 
ⶼùɣǷųصϢĵǰ⽫ڼ̳֮ϣ˿ɾ֮⣻ͷŨƻģɱô󾢣Ϊʲô
û²⣬ΪɷȻҲ֪ɷҲҪĶ²ԸˡīżƵĿǡ
Ϊ˵µɷı˽ʮ꣬ôܱ˰;˵ֱ롣ɽ̱͵Ķīһ㿴 
ǶҪƷҴµķӡʱҲ޷ҷɽ̴̶Цϡ
һɺ֮ˡ֮󣬵ܹȴ֮һ䣬Ҳʮָ֮ÿʱٮٮߣ츳޾֮ 
츳ƽƽȴ˶˼ϸָа캦֮УֻΪΪһķߣǱ𹩷ɡ
ɽ̱֮һ
īûº͵ȱߵǶ˰ºͣõˣһٴ˿Ϸɡ
ֶ˴Ӳϲ֮飡
Դ彣ӵ۶Ϻ󣬱Ҳûʹùȣһöꡣ
ܾ֮ǰһģԿΪϳˡΪܼԦ㱻һֱڵУö֮ʽֱīУӳ޴Ŵ±
˲֪һѵһķԷΪΪΪīרҲݵĴ
ֻҪȵĵطīȻڳ
ΪĵطմȾѪᷴɡȸīڼ䣬֪մȾ˶˵Ѫʮ㣬ûȾһ˿ɷ
ָ䣬ɫĹִīĽɫĹīĿķ裬Щɽ߶ɽȻĶǱѪۣ߷̶ȲڱĵС
ī˿Բɽ̶ֱӽٻ֮ɽΧʰΧ֮Ƴɽ£ȥҪ˶þͻ᳹յɽϡ
֮ĪǽһƬ
ɽ֪ʹȫĵг󷨱Եǵ͹׵Сıʱһ۲űȫԼ
ΪѾ˴ɾܣɾôֵطɽʵ֪Ӳһ٣ԷԸ˭𣿡
īīﴫĶ䣬ͬʱɵ
ѹ֣ѹ֣ĴҲõˡ
Ϊ˷ȻϧԼı壬ȥһɽ̣ΪӳıһУͷȴһաЦҲһҲзˡī˵˵ԼЦˡ
ȥңɼĶ㶪ԼҲ޷ 
ںڵĵͱߵĶҪ֮ȴڱЩ˿ĵ޲ţѲڽеĵס֪ԭǰ֮ī
ڵԥƬ̣ȻˣǿɲŹ֮
ɫȹմ˲Ѫ˼ֱ欣ΪĶī˵֮ûҪײˣ֪˿ɷŹԸΪ֮
ҵ㱻ҷŹܡ˵ʮֹ
īתŻҪѰ뵽ɷԴڡ 
ڰ֮Ա߰ӣܲ͸磬Ϊ˲Ǻᱻٶ 
ˣ֮ʹвԵĵطѾ⿪ͲܷŹ𣿻Ǵعˣϸӡīǰߡ 
ī룬ֱǰš 
һźƿնһŰ֮ĺ߱ն˸ɾ·ȾѪİ֮һȺæҵķιҩչ˵΢ 
Լ־һת棬īƿշȥĽֱָüģ·Ҫֱӽ
СģԱߵĻæѣһĵɤӿڣĵŻۡ
īܵһĪĺ⣬ûҲ֪͵ؽƴ򿪣ǰ
~һ棬Ľбһ㱡浲ס޷ٽһīȵһתתı˳ķ򣬽˳ԭ˻ȥ
õʱɢüЩɷӦѸ٣Ѿǽ꣡


֮ӣ1

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īܵһ˲ͷԶ볤µĽеŭЦʵǺ⣿δҪȡ
ӲԲɫڷз߽вԵĹߣɫϸɵķΣϸǿġʵϲװΣһϸ΢󷨣Ȼֹһ޴ķ󷨡
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īµ˫ĳ󣬴¶һȱģͻȻɢЦҲ̫ҵ£۸ǸϹӡ
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īڰӣ彻ӵĺɣƬûϢĶ
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˺īĿʵһԼ˿̶мʤ㡣
ǣûʲôʤ㣬ϢĽĲϣΪ֮¡
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˵ϹĲġί񡱳ԼҪܣЦӯӯתͷǰһƬڰĺɵĲֻתͷһź
ʵ̸㶼ҪýɱңҪȥһȥȻܡ
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ĺüͷšһ飡ſīĺ졣
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ԪԶŵͳһķΣɫۣɫѥɫȴҪ԰ǵǳ࣬ؿڴͬһɽڣ
Ҳһѽ
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ЩǲɽԪһڵƣָīƵһɢޣԭþûĺɡ
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˲ϺԪѣæţɽҪһ֮ˣɽ׷޴˵𡣡
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֮ӣ2

ĺɱ۾Ƭ̺зתɽ̽˱飬˵ɽָƣҲ߰˰ˡ
Һܺ棬ôôƫԶĵطΪ˶ɽȥأûһīҲûĺɻӦ
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ŶԭӵˣͶĺɴݵĵط࣬Ҳֻʦͼλʦ֡
ĺɴīǰƿɽߵԲ࣬Űһ·¡
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ЩЩڿкĺɳΪīΨһΪ˷ֹԼȥĺɵϣԼȥ
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ĺɷǵûзſյøԴԴϵ˳īľܶһȦڵΧѸٵɢ
īܵܶľΥǵûиˣɫЩѿ˲ԼڵĺɵԿֹ롣
ţǺ⣿һֻѸٵĿץϣָϹ˸Ҫĺɵָƿ
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īڵΪ̲㣬ܿ㱻ĺɵѹסԽԽľʧء
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ſīí˾ͬĺԼڽϾһʼĺɾռĵλĵϹīڣתۼѹīڵزľԲٶĵ
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޺ħǣ޵ĸǼȡҪǵħ޾ɷ޷ۼŵУֻתھ
ĺɵ鲼ľɷתĵ·ȴʹ


֮ӣ3

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Ȼԩ޳Ͱϵķӡ⿪ΪûߣӲīקĺϵ֪Լקŵʲô˭ĸоˣȥǲϡ
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īǲ֪ԼĵʲôָŸղַŵĵطǳһ£ڨڨ֣㣡
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ѲߵĵӱߵĶٵ߷ 
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жĺɵԹһ㣬˵Ҳûֿ˵꣬뿪ˡ


֮ӣ4

ɽ߸ߵ͵ͣתĽˮ˳ŵ̰һ޼ʣˮӳľɫ峺ĽˮﲻǵһβˮڲԵˮһȦһȦĲơ
һ洬ˮ棬һ·ۼ˳ˮķǰȥ
Щڡ˶ڴβĿתĶˮ棬ڽˮһ̣ǰһ죬ʻĽ㱻ϡַ죬һ֪ǳںˮĵط
Էһ¨Ѿ˲ٵĻ㡣
ѽīӣץˣǾͳԿɣתͷ˵ʵץץͷ
㣬еĳԾͺáīͷ­ֱϣŴİ˿⣬ν˵
Դӳ˵Ҳ࣬Ȼڵڵĵؽ緶ΧĿĵҲû˵ȥֻƴ갢˳Žζȥ
ޡӦͷʼеĻ㡣īҪɺӵĴ֮ûڽӹɺӵĴ֪͡īͬ˲һǳúÿֶе¶ĵĸо
ȻīСڸָ˶ﳤ֪˿Դ֪ǲ
ӣҪ˳Ž¾񽧣˵֮һĺš˿棬˵
Ǿȥ񽧡ī˵
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ʦһûĵزҲûʲô㣬͸һͼԼĥţкβõطҡīȡžɷƵͼó˸ٱңһ˰
ͼ㲻ʮĶֻ˵һڶУûīⱾȫ档Ȿͼǹ±ص󷨴ŵУһ꾡Ľܡ
ţ㽫ѪҺڰٱϾԺˡԺʲôԸٸɣīѪ˸ͽܣ֪мȤȥ̵¹ϸʮ¾ͻὫԺ
ллʦٱҺͼٱ󣬷ͼ˿֪ⱾͼҪȰٱҸ
ֱڵϣ缢ƿʵĿͼϸĽܡЩ󷨶һԺСĶȥīīҲһһˡ
һʱյˮ·ָ½·
˵ĵطˮôطǴţ紾ȴֲʧСīͰ˺ߺ˼֡
дվ·ʵСֵܣȥ費ҪЪŵĵطҸܸõЪŵĵط
ȥǾ鷳ָõطʦͽЪˡīص
ǴָϷһָ˳һֱߣͷתܿһջǿõһˡ
л׵
ʦ˵ĻɲţһǿӺô죬֮ĲޡС˿ʵ۲١
û¡񽧵Ϊֱһ㲻Ӻ˵ġī˵Ȼû񽧣ҲŹΪˡ
Ǹ󺺹Ȼûƭǣҿջ۸񹫵סҲī˸λ£ѡ˼صɫˣָ˿ӣֱߵĲˮĭǳһڡ
һ·ֿۣ豭ݺݵع˼ڣ͵鵽īĺȲ跽ʽߵ΢졣˶ѧīӺ˿ڲ裬ֻʵ̫ʣֲīǰֻ̫ѹ¿п⣬ģģš
ǵٲޣһ£ò֡
ҪµϢͽΪµʱѡĲƫУǡһӣʮ꣩һȵĵ޴աһͬһžٰ죬һ֮£ͬʱУҲȥޱε鷳
޴Ǹżۼ֮Ҫ˵Ĵᣬö֮ʷЩ仯ڼһżӽбԵĹءͨӵʵжšδ
ܽӵڷһǺպ֮
īⲢ̫Ȥаεͷ˽ᱻĺΪʱüÿɷЦһ¡
޴ᣬӦͦ˼ġҲȥμǸ޴ᣬպÿԶһЩʱյɹī˵
ʦʱж̣в㣬ǲҪȥʦˡҡͷܾ
޷͵ȥ۽硣īɡ
ǡû˻ʦǲѹԵ޴ڴ֮УĺͬӻЩԺյĵޡ
ȥڡһЩҪ죬һڵ޴Ὺʼ֮ǰϹȥī˵
ǡԾֻӦ
ʦͽ˾ʹֵ𣬾޴ῪʼҲʣյʱ䣬Ϊ˲ʱҹ̵İԭ·ء
īվԭأеһףڿչƯڰգһֱһϯӰСͣԾϣ£ߡ
ָü˵㣬ЦҡͷȵķҪԼɻȥҪҡ
Ÿյ·ڵĺɫʱֵȴ˳Ȼ󵫲֪ھ֮ء˲ˣȴ֪֮ء
ɽǰ·һ·ȥȻǸ֮أͣĵ˵ڵɽǰ㱻ɽĵӸס
˵ˣûһɲ׼룬˵ٴζãҲȥ԰˵ǲðȥ
ҡμӵ޴ıԣμӽġĽ͵
ʲôûͲܽȥ㱨ĸżҲԡ԰˵
ûż壬ֻһʦᶨҡͷ
ʲô԰׾ȵʵڲμӵ޴˾Ȼûż壬֪ʦŰɣ
֪˵ȻīΪʦīһһֶ֪ҲƲġ
԰Ҳ̲סЦʲôҲ֪μӵ޴ᣬĪѰģһҺģ֪ܡ
ҽȥμӱԣʦġ˵
СҪʦɽȰɣ԰ײӦ
㡤ˣǲֻҪдݵʲͿԽȥ԰ס
ԡ
īİٱкһڲҵһ鸯ļصƣϲſӿݵĳۼ˵ɫ·ϰôáƴĿȥһͻΪء
ֱеݸ԰ף㿴һơ
ġ塱ģ壬԰׿˰ϳǿƣǳ鴤ȥķĹҳôһƣϵıҪҵƣ۾ɵԲԲģ⾹Ȼǰǰʧҵơ
˵Ǹԭڵļ壬֪Ϊʲôԭһҹ֮ȫʧ٣ȴҲŲʣҲһҹ֮䱻š֮Ӧĳϵ
һ죬˵Ҫǿͻҡ
úã㡣԰׽
æʵҿԽȥ˰ɣ
ȥȥȻǿϵĵҲǿƣ԰׷Ű˵ڡ


ڵ筣1

˵ھ˽סڵڵİɽΪ˵ʦδڵĵӱһӵԺ䣬Ժһ
ס£īʱҲ٣ڶվĽȻǵ޴Ŀ
ȻеӶǧҪڵ߶Ǻ޵ĽǺģǲͨһȢ̡ںĵʹ£ס
˳ŵǧĽңɽ;˲ͬһˣȥˡ
ڵɽҪȥ֣һҪͨ·֮ƵĽݣг⡣
ɽ켣ڿֵһȺУͬһ쳤ڿȥ
ͨͨţŵĶǵ¸صĵޣһ̬죬òŮޣҲ뷢԰׵ϵޡָ˿ͷһȣһֺǧػҪԼҲԳΪЩеһ
аҪúϰҪΪʷĺǰˡ
ɫϲվڵڣƽҲչ¶һЦ⣬Ŀʡ
۾ԾڵΣĺϣ۵ϲת͸óΪˣɱ֮ӯüĿǳ续˾
ʴһɫɴĻĽнŴοľʻƵ̾£Ӵʧǰ·ĸŮڽԲ࣬һ̤ͬն
ʱѾժɴʯľӡ
ȵͣǰĿĹ㳡ʯ̳ɵĵ⻬ɼվԭ˵ȫӹʦڡ䣬תÿ˵·
ϲٵΣܼһżĽòһΪҲǺǰéˡ
ӵߵǰƿԼֵ͵ǰŮӽЦӣ޹ǵַģ˽ӡ
һӣ㴫һݽҲΪŽżһۣǺܾޣȴȲʦʦòǲŽкÿֻҪŵİײ
һɫȹҷأͷ黷񶣵죬΢ƣֱСĵǣţǰš
ſԵǵλ֮λ֮ûзôȽڣֻоǵڵˡ
һǰݹϡ˶λİݣλǰ¯
ž衣ӵнӹ豭ĺǰɵĽеʦò衣
ĺɶ˹豭˿ڣš
ǻԵ֮ȷˣûкһ˵ѡһ˱һһһ˫ˣͬ벻ȻҲ֮ԵˣҪֿģֻҪ˷ֿҲѰµĵ£Ͼǳƹŷ
λѽͬһˮִµ
óֱ֯ңóһֻͨڽͷϣཫϵ䡣˺ͬһⲻ˱ǼűǼ⣬ߵĴﻹƽյҰ
³ɣףλշһԻɣֻԧ첻ɡֵЦ˵
һгīָվڵЦЦ
㡤ǺˣҲܴϽкҪҲȵ󡣡ɫŲ֮͡
ҲȲãͺģҲȤĺܡҪҪڿī¶֮ɫòѻָΪԭȵӣֹˮ˲ʶ۾ϵİײȴӲۡ
īر˽֮ϲҳӵġ
࿴ʱɫѾޱȣڶߵЦеľƱĩͷ֨죬м֣ī
īƽؾףڳըͷۻľսǸŷɥħ峤Ȼֻҳˡ
ݵν˾壬һ˺޵
۹һ̩ɽĺϣҧгݵ˵Сֽ˽ᡣ²ɲš
⻰һһݣӲıĺɱī
ʦ֣Ÿռ棬ҪǶҺ֮ǡīûиܵĺ⣬Ƶ˵
ҿרΪͺ񡣡īһӣһޱ㱻īŲǰ˻Σ֪⣿
Ƕĺ˵ġ
~
īϸָһǸϵĵޱͷббһԣͻĿ
īڴϣó˹Ĳָ˵һ޵˵ֵǮŸ޵ɵһݲĺɣ
ӯӯЦ⣬Ⱦ˶ѪȻںٶ༸ˣޱ㲻һˣץĻйϵ϶Ҫ¡
תۼ䣬˸ƯīߣһɫǺ죬ڲԣһģ
βſϷŹǣĺһڣڳྲ֣Ȼհ
ʦ˽ңīЦ˵ʵҪ󲻶࣬㣬ӦұˣӦǾûʲôĵġ
˵ĺɸɾ˵
ɡմӦ£ͿԵôߣٶ˵ҪЮǡܾ
ʱһƬ˲ĺɴӦȴôӦһƬЩôӦĲ´Ӧī֮ǽһֱҪȥôӦǱЮֵ˺ѡ
Ҳɱ֮£Ҳκαѵޡ𺦵¡ī˵
ʱڳȥ΢ķҲᱻѹȥκκ£ӦҲ޷
īЦЦ  һҵӲμӵ޴ᣬЩżĵһߵ͡
ԡĺɾĬƬ̺ͷ
ǾʦҪҽΪ£޸ҡīЦŨ˻һڹļž糣Щϱ龫֣عá֮
ĺɡ
ī֪ܴķӦҲû뵽Ȼ˼ңЩ˵ļҪߣȺŹôעԼݣûֱӳֻ˫۾ʹĵ
Ҽ޸ʦҲԡī˵
#%&ЩڷӦīΪҪĺɽΪ£ī޳֮ڱǰԽƭĳ
Ѿĳ޴ӱҪӵ֣ڵŽΪ£ɨأеĵ  
ʦ֣Ը⣬Բǿô˵¿û棬ЩƯߵĵ޽۰ףۿžҪ
ҴӦǡĺ˵شľ޲
áһƣЩ޴Ӱˤڵϣīڴ֮ͥ·Щޣ֪ĺ˵ȥĻʳԡõҪЮȻ˽ĺǲɱЩˣôֵĺɶӦġ
ĺӦʣͬ⣬ϵһγųīī㲻ܣЦʮվԭء
ĺһָסüҼȻӦΪ£Ȼ࣬С£ĪҪٶˡ
īԾ˫ĺɵļ򣬴¶ԴЦĺʦ~
ĺӽ˽ųָ˼֣꣬Ϊأ֡
ʲôȻѾҵĵ£˳һҺͺʦЩʲôҲܲšī࣬⽫ҧļء
ɫɺתࡢת̡תڣһʱɫΣʵܲīӣĶ°سǵ߳Լĵ񶼶²ܲˡ 
뿪ĺ뿪ȥѰĵˡ
ī뿪ҲΪȤĴĺɵļŲ
ڳ˼ⳡλȺ뿪ε㿴ҳ㣬첻֪˵ЩʲôĺҪ˭ΪȨʣҲҶʣ񹲷ߵ֮ͽĺΪ˾Ǽλ޲ŴӦģǸָҪȻǵñϲҲ֮
һȭ׷״УҪԼķ侲ĵ޴ᡣ
վסīһʵŵ˲ˣ˶ӲԭزƵ˵ʱʦֲҲ˽ɣ
һ뿪
ĺޱץסī󣬶ŵԪ˵ȥҵķ䡣
λѣлط䣬Ժһõӽ޴ľͨλ
ڵظߵıȷɻ졣
īƲƲ죬Ԫ


ڵ筣2

š˶֣ԪôҲڡ
¿ֹˮӣƶԪʮֿ϶յֹˮīֻǲԸŲʵ
ҡīЦŵͷ
ԪĬԭĺѾϳīݣûеѣҲѹְ֮˵ڵ˯ȥ
ʦʦһ߹һĺī뿪æ׷ղĶ࣬ʽϾ¸ī鷳û߳īϡ
īͣ½ŲȰ׷
Ԫ۾¿˼飬ȷ֮£ˣķˣ۾īϴ˸תĪûˣҪһΪͽܡ
ʦ㡤Ҫʣīȴֲ֪Ӻοڡ
ż㡣ī˵
Ԫĺɵסٸǰһ䣺費Ҫ߻㣬Ͼ
Ǿˡ
Ԫ˳䡣
īǵڶνĺɵķ䣬ཻڵһѾͬҲ˷츲صı仯ڷ˼Ȧǰ
֪壿īʵ
֪
Ǿͺð졣峤Ҳȫµĵ޺޲ɱ֮ħͷҵӣкܴĿҪ̳ҵ峤֮λҲû£㶼ᱻԡħͷ֮ơ²£īʵ
¡ʦʦͬˡҡͷ
īͷѡĵȻηηβˡ̬ȱīҲûк֮ǣԼʱòʲ˰ֻôһӣȻ¡
߰õķõĵҩϧȫ˰
ŽΪ£ɷĵڵס¡Ҳס̫ʱ䣬̲ٶʣµȫԼī˵꽫ǲ˳ȥ
ʵʦҪĺɽΪ·ǳ⣬һЩ˵ıŤ֮Уߵ˴ûͬһӣУҲֻЩǮ˼ҵүһ谮ϷӶѡûӽ顣
ľ죬ҲֻΪ޲ͬͨˡ  
Ԫ˵û೤ʱ仢һĴ䣬˵ֹˮûģȻһ˳ȥܿࡣڻһ
ղƢǲǷʰҿĺܣҪҾȥīüӨŷŷЦ
ŰһףŻһס
ЩӣӲ˵СǶٺôܱȵ㣬ǲѱġ
īһʣͻûӣˡ
ҼպҪ뿪ҪôҪôڵչҵӡΣоҪڸңʱ˵
붼δ룬ѿڶȻҪ㡣ī峤һţĪҲӣҸôһٲˡ
ڣʱ㲻Ҫź˵ҪīЦʮּ
룬롣īôŻϰ£˵ҪٿǿǡܵõĺôīӺĴҲʴЩԥ
ī򷢳ȥ֧°ָͣһûһµĿ档
֨ѽ~
ѽʦ֣æˣīЦʵ
šĺɷֹš
īûĺ䵭飬첽ߵߣؿڻ䣬飬ף
ĺԭȻīûһԾҲδУòֽīֵֻǯסԶԶվϢȥӡ
ȵȡʦ֣ҽյô˵˵ҪΪ£ҲͬˣȴҪҷֿ˯ĪҲ⣿һ˵ңҪҷֿסҲȵЩ뿪˵īĺɵ˫ֱ֣ǰţֻһȭľͣ£趯ţֻζûҪܵϢ
īĺɸߣֻĶߣ˿ӣīǡĺɵĲӡ
ĺɲīԼ˵֪ʦֲϲңѾʵĵ£²ͬҲýɣ
˵꣬ȤζĳĺɵĲӴ˿
ĺûסīһЩʹҲܱıɱµ
ĺŷſī֡ɵīԼٱҷ˰죬Ҳûʲôʺ͸ĺɵĶ˭ղŽõĶ˰һȡȣϵȱĳͬһ춹£㡣
ĺɵͷīеĳ룬Ŵвէƽ˭͸ģ
īΪĺɲϲֻõҲˡҼϲȻϲǱˡ˵ţһӽͬһ춹ӿŵĴ˳ȥ
ĺɫ˼֣ʲôҲû˵ûֹī
ʲôãҲȱʲôҲûʲô͵ġīѣ˼ǰ뵽һĺûеҲͳġ
ͷֿʼԼİٱзңǽﶼûзŹڷ϶ҳɫ˿ߣ˿ֻͨͨõŦȴѵʯ
˿õĲʵȷͨʤ˿һõ⣬ءǺѻˮƽĺƽ֪ԢܺáСʱӲҪͺѻһ޷ֻܾܴӦ£õֺȴûдİٱСҺõʱûӡô 
ĺɵ֣䷭ī˿ϵĺɵϣΪ˷ֹĺɽ˿߽£īϵᣬȻ۾ҿĵͷ㡣
⻰˵Ĳ֪жôΥġ
ĺɴϺײ࣬һװʮֲҺ÷ܹڵסҪȻˣʮжоŸҪ
īĺǰ˵ѾʦҲһ˰ɣҿ޲ʱյе鲼Ǽ
һȦīΪлᦵ鲼
Ǽ㡣бĶ㡣ĺ˵
ʦ֣ǿɷ鲼ֺηһƺɷй¶ȥ˵ġī˵ĶһȤҲûУȫлᦵ鲼
˻档ĺɲ֪Ǳĥûа취
ģ档īֿĵͷī˵Ļ棬±ī˻ֺǺǵذǮ
ĺһУһ׼ȷġ
īܵķлᦵ鲼ѹĺôöûҵԭǱѹ֮ڡ
ĺӹлᦣīУȴһ׮£Դã˿̿ĺޱᡣ
ճʱ޴ῪʼĪҪʱĺһ䣬ת뿪
ĺӰʧīţĴϣţлᦵ֣ðҾͶȥڣȡһлᦾͿԻˡЩϢնҪ𿴿ͽı֣ҽ̳ͽܲЩŵĵӲ
ϵֱ˴򿪣īӴˣĺȥſھʣжã
ĺﱧŴ죬δתŲϡ
ҪͬסīĿš
ʦ֣㲻ס𣿡īʵ
סˡĺ˵
īϸϸ׽֣뵽Լһʱ죬Լ˸ĺΪ˵ǵòҪֿ˯˱ġ
ɵŴĪ˵װˣҲ⣬ɶ಻ڡʱ˵ĻҪڣȻܡԼµĿֻԼԡ
պáĺɽڴߣһչʺĳͺ춹ġ
īû뵽ĺɽӵĸ˻վӱ֪īǲգһֱվȥīϵϡ
ԭհһƬʲôҲû˭ֻ֪˯һϱһɽˮ֣ⳤͺ춹Ҳʱһͬ֡Ҽÿľī˵
ĵطĺ£һıӹ濿ǽĵط˯¡
֮֮ī泯ǽ˯ȥ


ڵ筣3

īñסͷʹ꣬ȴӲÿնʱ·ڶ죬˶ۻ𴲾Ӳڶһֱţֱ
ĺɶɵӼãǰһѹȻϢ𴲣Ҫ˵ĺҲһţӦûźĵӣƫƫûУۺʱԼС
ҡҡ˯īԵĵҪȥμӵ޴ᣬû˻𴲡
ī̧ʩ󣬵ͷʾĺѾˣҪҡˣã֪ˡ㲻ùңԼзִ硣
䣬ɻ˱С
ĺϴ˷䣬īһԸĸ󣬹Ƿ졣
һ·ٵڵӼĺɶͣšҲЩĵӺīһʦ塱īǰôŷˣǺʦҲΪ
īЦͬһһкЦеľǳòʦ塣
һ䳡ڰɽռСɽĵطϰǲ⡣䳡뽨һ̨һ˸ߵĸ̨ȫʯģķ˴ʯĲʼӲǳܴ˾ĵһҲºۼ
䳡Եĵطһ̨̨ĸ߶Ȼ̨ƽҪΪЩۿӱġ
ʱ̨һվˣϷͳһɫһռһƬطμӵ޴żССϰٸܲμӵ϶࣬жʮҵˣȽЩСμӵҲֻһˡ
ܼÿε޴ĵӶǧˡ
ڵĵվһ𣬵ǲͬһƬطͻĴڡ
˶ŰͶԺĿ⣬ںʱһĵӣô˸룬ڲͬ
Сĵ˰ݣ˵īĵĵӣЩһж¶񣬡ʦǰ޳ܣҲõɱʱˣкˡ
ʦֻԲҪǣӵЩ˽ԺĬͼ
̨ϴʱѾ˲ٵżˣλĿ̨µĸԵĵӡĺһ׷״λվֻӭţ
ԭõɫīһ˲ŤѸٻָƤЦⲻЦĻصԭλ
ĺҲûݣͬһһ
īʵòΣ峤ĺɵĵ£˫֮£Щ޵Ĵ󡣶ڸòīμӵ޴ᣬڿѵīòμӣĺīμӣĵ޲ûٶ˵ʲô
īͬĺɽΪ֮£ֻղμĵ֪ʵҲֻһС֣кܶ˲֪¡
ȷ˵īԹĺţ½
Ҫ˵½īìȷʵĪ˷˼˵һǵڵĵӣһǺڵĹӣûʲô˳μ沢ʶʱ֣ҪĴһܣ󶼹˲ʡˡ˭Ҳûռֱˣ˳ݺݵĳͷһ
ԴԺ󣬵˼棬ԱҲû˵ʱ˾ͻĴܣһ˴شҺñ˷֣ҪȻ˺пܶɥ
ŵųĺɣλһ¶ˡҪǱ½֪īڵڣǶ½
֪ī½Թĵ޶ſϷһذϷ
ڵǶѵذɡ˵ǳɫۣĶŵĿ⣬崺Цݣһ˱һִ߰˷ơ
ţˡڿ̨ϺЦ˵ԴǸ⿴ĺɡ
λذɿīͫ׼ɼʵ
īλþòīЦͬǴкֻ֮˵й֮Ե̫Ĺϵ
þò˻΢Цŵͷ⡣ûΪī¶־֮⣬޳Թ֮ޡī壬ʲô˺֮£Ȼսûвμ˶սۣ෴ʹڰǰһֻںṩԴƺˣûֱͬ彻ս
ī֪ЩԲŻͬǽ̸
ذ󣬾޴ῪʼҲԶˡȻڵţλȺѾõĵⲻ˽Ŷ½֮⡣Ҫ˵ǲǽٵһ±ԼĲѡ
½ƹ˺ֶ֮½й֮޲ڵµżҪϸ˷ָֻҪҴһߣ³һҡõȷʵ½ڹܵļã˸Խ֮¡
ʱѵŵĵ޴᲻Ϊ½ȥ˺ʱĺɺֵܵ׿֮£޴ʽ
Ӵ֮ӵڶ𣬻صʣþòɢ˿Ưڿһ࣬Щ̨µӵĿ޲Ľ˵
ֵ޴ᣬֻ˵˵ݲţͬһŵĶ
ʱһӵĵ޴ڿʼʧ໺ڣۻ͸ڳ˵ĶĤ
˴ε޴ȻýʽʮһĻսһλɽȻһһĶսʤ߽ԴƣֱʤһΪ˹ƽʮ˲ûƶȣֱ˶սʤһһ֣ΪʤĿ⻷ӵǧĵӣ˵
μӵ޴ĵӶϸ̨ϳǩȻǳ鵽ءʮ˻սգÿʮΪʱȣǵʱδΪȨ
Ĺÿһε޴ᶼݲμӱЩûʲô仯
Щӱ׷̨ȡ԰סǮζҲμ˵޴ᣬ鵽ʱ˻࿴ȷһ˿
õʱ˿ѰҵīӰҡҡһ˻дֽţ֪īҲܸˡ
īһעŰɵǺǵĶԼеֽţɵͽܣΪʦô֪ܲ
غѸٵ뿪̨ǰīڵĿ̨µȺǵڶղűԣȻż
Ƭ̣еӶ˻ϲ˳Ԫֵ֮һȻȶñȣǱذɣһƬҡ
˷ɵʱߴһը죬һ⳯ī۶̧֮ͷʱǵѾɵīǰ
һ֧ߡָļʸͷϷ˵ĹâһǾĴļʸһõó
ĺָڳһʣһˮ𺮹⣬֧ʸмīǰԶĵطΪء
ī㾹ԶһХһɫӰƿնĿѵĵ̩ɽīץһ
ΪβܳڵţһҪ֣˿ҲûСҪ³ײ˵޴ᣬͬһīڿ˵½
½乭׼īҧгݵ˵ͬһս
˵ȥҾͳȥƾʲôĻīЦһ
ڶ췽棬½ʮа˾䣬ÿζī˵ڲԣɫǺ죬ϼպֻͬī졣
īüָīв
ԼҴ򣬿ԹҡīȡȣվҪ½һܣŵ档
δ㱻ĺɸλӵǰ½Ҫҷ㡣
½û뵽ĺɾȻīͷȷʵţ֪ʲôˣĪڵٳʲôӣжٵɥ֣
ĺɲδشվԭء
֪ǲҫīɫЩףֽĺһԣʦ֣֮ͬضһĪҪ֣ҲҪ֡ЩҪԼܲʲô㡣
īƽˣ죬ʲôԼҪλ²ˣһɢģԲĺɡ
ĺī΢ָ⣬ֵѣûԸֽסīȥ
ʦ֣īתͷɻĻһ
šĺӦĺɵһӦīʦ֡
ſҡī˵
޺󻰡
½ɵóĺɶī̻֮⣬еŭʢŹԲ˽ʸ˳ȥ˵Ƕˣмʸķƫĺɡ
ĺսסʸ侲˵ҪʱһսҵڲӦ
īҿܻܲһ½֪ټȥīֻڣգ
Щεĵ޷׷ʧ̾˿ǿභˡ


ڵ筣4

ڵڶտʼ½īǳ־ӵҲѾ꣬䳡ĸɢˡ
ĺΪҪīһлȥڿ̨µȵīһͬߡ
ѧ˼īʵ  
ֻѧʵش 
пɡͲҪѧϰ󷨣ĵȥһսī˼Ƭ̺˵
ɣվʽʼԣҺվҪϳļǵ˵⼸һֱ󷨣֮׵Ժֻһ㣬ĵżδﵽҪЩضһͿءīδͬϸĽ֮Ǵġ
һδڹ֮ī뵽ȻҪ¸ˣֻ˰õ鼮δôš
ȥ㷿䣬ҽ֮
ڴϣīվԣֿסʶ˳ľ߽תԡ
ԣתһС˳ĵת
īſüͷ
ʦѵҵΪĺܵͣ᲻ȥ㷲ʵԼΪͣڵ޴ϸī
ǡ㿿Լţ»츳ҪȺܶǿȻʵһа취ΡǾ֮֮ī˵
֮ܿ죬ȴȽ׳⣬˵ʲô£Իᱣ¡Ҫ㲢֮ˣʲʺ֮ǿұ׼ʲô⡣֮²ױȺ̽ܡ˵⣬īһѻȥ֪ж˷ԡ 
Ը֮īһݡʦ޵ոµĵ·ʦΪѡ
Ȼ˵ˡұ㴫ڸ֮;кβʣͣҪǿԼīڰһ㣬֮ڸ  
һ죬īŰķָѡ֮ҪıǴɷīͬΪӶҴǰ˺ױ㱻ȾŤ
һС󷨣īĺûлȡЩɷڣ
ʱơݳޡ峤Ϊݻؼ侫ĵɷ֮գνīʱҲõֻͨɷżõЩɷ֮
ϣīðϢʹٿҲҪ֮ɵĻпܳ¡ʱΪ˷ֹī⽫ջأŻĺɵס
һվڵ˼Ȧһɣ˿ƣҲûУڵ˿жЩϢ
ʦ˵ĽɷգΪУھ뵤棡
ⷱǵ㣬ѹʱڵĵӻѾ˯īԭﵽڴջһҹոƿţĺɾڣһܡ
ʦ֣ô˻û˯Уķ䲻ڸڣȷԼûߴ䣬ǾĺߴˣҲܡ
䲻Ҫڵ߶ĺ˵īĺȥڡ
ûʱ̣ӣұЩԺĲ̫磬ʦ㲻õһᳳ㣬˯ھͿԡīĺϵĲģ˵  
Ԫָˡĺתͷī˼תͷ
ãҵӣ˽̲ˡī˵֮Ҳ̲ˡ
ĺͻȻͣ²īûע⣬ӱݺݵһ£֮
Ȼʲô⣿ҵĵӣȻҪʦһīüë˵  
ˣӦǿкκĺ˵üͷһ  
ҵĵȻʦҪã罫ǵڵ֮ڸȻᷴԡīЦ˵
ĺɲֽڵĵϨ𣬡Ϣ
īȤƲƲ죬˱ӳ˯ȥ
ڶգҪԣȻĺ磬ıī⡣ī󣬴Ű˸ڵķ䣬ո󷨣ȳЩɷ
īƤĺҪ˼̻ĵҩȫðº԰ȹ̺ŷĵĽڷԼķȥձԡ
ȻڽձԣԪ԰׶ǽգ˵԰ױԪ
īʱպ԰ǳβϺ˵Ű˸ˣ˷ֱվڳϵߣŶԷ˴˿̶뵽ƣ״̬ϲٵط˲ʡ
īܵ½ڿ̨ϣΪ˶ûϿ̨ǻ켣Ⱥڸ̨¿ԵĵС
ڳĵûв֪ģոճ֣Χĵӷ׷˼ī߾Ϳճ˺ܴĿյء
εǼ⣬īƤٺҲû취һȺбָָ㣬ִЩ˳
Ԫڸ̨һ˸ϸߵλãÿī㽫˹ȥһߵĵӻ϶żٮٮߣ໥֮䶼ʶ
ʦ塣Ԫһ
ڵǡͰ֮ڳ˿īĿΪѺãǰ֮Ĳ֪īǧ飬һȻô۸ҪҪ
֮վһòӣ֮塣˿ȵĶī¶ǿս⡣֮弫ĽīīС¼ԵΪˣ½֪ͷ֮ٴΣǲģſڱտҪīΪʦ
īҪͬһս֮˻һڳĵӾ˾ȤĿת޲Ϊ֮īǸħͷīƵüˣ᲻ɱ
ɼΣҾܾī˳֮壬ϵľܾ
֮û뵽īܾ˸ɴ࣬˵ĴЦĽˣԸȻһء֮ͥ£ܻ֮ĳԼīĽ֮顣
īɵöע˰֮ЩΪµ˶û뵽һ˾˵Ľ  
~ϣ˵˵Ȼ͸ҹڡī㵽Ⱥ뻹Ǳ̨ϵ½һִһչ˹
֮屾˵˺͸īȴһԵİ֮סֹĺʾ졣  
˵½֣ҲûʲôޣΪҪңҪҶһͶҲ㶷ô꣬ҲܲӣӣȻͬ´򶷰ɣī˵  
˵ʲô½ͻȻĿ
֮ȷʵĴһɲڣпԼī½ŵ͵  
䣬һ䡣½žҵ·ʲô̼ˡ
ͬŽΪ£½Ų֪īݹŹֵЦ
ī˵½ðѹסеŭһһ˵Ҿ֪Ƕ˵Ĺϵʲôʱõ˵زȻΪ¡ǳĺƤ˭˲֪ôҲ㣿  
ĺҲòҪ
īϵЦ⻹Ũȴһ½ţã㲻罫ղŵĻ˵һ飬
ȱī,Ԫ뿪һһ½ȥ  
~һī˫֮ǰֹǰߵĲ
īǵڣ磬ɲฺִԶǳīתͷֶ½˵½ţǻؿ̨ϿӵıΪãڵĺ
īȵգһЦҶǵڣɲ磬Ǻڡ
½ֱ˴ϣΪõŤͷˡ
ʱ֮Ͱ֮ߣѿɫֵ֪ܽùⲻһ𷣣Ǳī޶ǣҲԹð䡣  


ڵ筣5

īҲûȥ˼ЩҲķŲڰ֣ʾ˺뿪
īڵڻưֻƻסָͷ޵طȥֻܻȥȥΡ
Ϊ٣̶֮䣬ѵ׶ΣȻЩȻ˺ܴһأƾīЩ¼һᡣ
īڰվһᣬδְ֮к󣬲뿪
ǵʮ߳īΪ˿ŷ㣬ûٶ½ģĳڿ̨ϣ½۾˼ۣ׺ݵĺ޲ϴ
ӵ½Ŀ⣬ī˸ĺɽλ¡ 
밢սˣȲīʶǼҲĸʢĵӣ԰ǶսкܴĿʤ
ֿȭվ̨ϣʱ˲˵Ŀ⣬īӵϢѾڵ֮˶Ǳſֵ̬ȥⳡԣīĵôͷۡ
ȥҲ
īûʲôԸеȰҲû취Ԧðʹõ󷨣Ҫõʲô
̨վڽԵĵطˣ̨ϣԼ˶ǵˡЩӺǰõģһ̨㽫ʰΧȦΧס
ǻ࿴ĬĬȡԼϳ֮ǰҪ̭ȥ
ףŸ˶һˣƽԾһˡ
̨ϣ˵вû˵Բ㡣
һ仰ĺ·Ҫǫ̂ϱŸ̭ҪôŸ˸̭Ȼ߲ܡ
īЩô۸ԼӣҪϻǲè۸۸ӣЩԽԽ֡
ӣĺɷְס
ŹţҲɱ۸ҵӣҪȻʦ񲻰׵ˣīһ˵
Ϊǿͷܼμӵ޴𣿡ĺʵ
ī侲ϸ롣ǿֹԣû£ʸ϶ᱻȡԭλִϣָ档īˣ
˵ˣڱԵϣһ̧ͷǾŸԣĿ׺쳣һҪƴļơǾŸ˲Ļ䣬һʱ䱻׺ݵĿסСİΧȦ͡
ץסյһԾűԵӾŸ˵İΧгȥδվȡһӦϿĵӣ˦ֽ׹Űķ˳ȥܲӲİһ£۵³һѪ˲ϲǵѪڵϹ˼Ȧһ׹˸̨һߡ
ѧģ˫Ѹ趯һ󷨡Χܵǣ׷׳߶
󡣡
Ÿһԣ׷׳Ű֮еɭɭ⡣һŮгһڿ̨ϳһ׺ۣһѸٵĲ򰢳
΢΢ܹޣæ֮еͷе󷨣ڻ͡Щ˿ʼż໥֮ϽңĿ϶ܺõץסնյıܹһһεĹ
ҹѣϻǰһһޣѪֱȾ·
һڳĴӴܣǾŸ˲Χ£ÿһζնյ˹ȥۿ󷨽ɡ
һĵ˫׹֪ʱ͵͵ıһһӽȻ֪İ
׷͵ĺŮӣһŤñ˳Ųÿ׹贸˲϶˫ǰһ죬е󷨱׹ײһ
һ޴ĺе󷨱ѿɳȥɳһ󷨱ԵͷϵȵѪģߣһͳ硣
Ȼûãֱӱ̨ˤڵϻԲѡ
𾪵ſڵһİ͵˿ڿˮǣһᱻըıǻҪأнǵһˡͬʱҰѾûһս֮
ǿ֮ĩ̧ͷſ̨ңңһȴʲôҲǰںһƬֵڵϣŬĽǰ죬ǰһѪ
~ϵѪɢ۵Ĺâ
ؼܵٻȫſ̨ӿһ鲼̨γɣ̨ϵеӶ档
ǰڲеǸ󷨣ʵЩӵע⣬ڳϱ׷ĺ·ܣȴ֪ȻĲһ󷨡
һʼʹ˵Ľࡣ 
һҡҡλεĴӵһգ󷨱Ķ֮ڵĵӼѹһ
ҡ䡣֮ڵĵӸֻҪһЩһᱻѹġ
~һɣֱӹڵϣɢڿС
ĺܺáīһڸ̨ϣİļ佱׼𰢳뿪ĺͻȻߣһʹתͻķ䡣
īҲӸ̨ʧ
ʤߣƳ̨ϵ޶ԵļûΪʤīĵӶŭ 
ϵȷʵͦأ²˺ۡīֺһִ󴦣Լڵɷ͸ۿɼϵ˿ϡ
˿ȫϺīȻûͣĴ㣬ɷӿڣ˿ڲϣ
ĺִīϣⲻڰǺ
īţԾɷ
ǿӲĽīִӰƿĺȡһŵҩι˰
ԪⵤҩĺܣʦֵҲáīüȻ˸ԪͲҪɷˣǿˡ
ԪκϵˣΪ˺ʵУΪԺƽ·ӴԺ󣬰·˵һ˳ҪߵԶ
иԪīΪɷҪڴգǩԪǩ鵽ʮŵ
һһĶսÿʮձɾ꣬һ죬ŽյϢʱ䣬Իָһʱ
īԾϸǽɫһ֦бݶ֦Ӱסڸǽ֮ϣаȡ
ǽ֮±Щס֮أԸļӣī֪ǵסʦҲһЦһ
ɫãȴ֪һƽסīӰҲϢĴʧͻȻһλӵķڡ
˭īīڴĵӿī˵ˡ
īδֽ𣬶ȲõڣʱѾвˣŮһǿһ˽ʱͶһͬȻīик³
·ʲôҲûһīӰֳڸǽ֮ϡϽҲ󷨵ѹһأƨɣǧʹ಻
īζЦţͽûɣұɣǾͺúһ
󷨹֦ͷīű۰ֲŪŪ󷨣ڵĵӱתϼȦתͷۻͣ׷ī㲻ҪԼиͿΪΪǵڣҪǱǵʦŷǲˣ㡤
û˵꣬ͱīס죬תĸѸ١
īһͻȻĺվǽ̧ۿǽϵī
ġôīһǽվĺǰǡõסߡʩ
Ϊĺɲʡ
Ȼ¡īЦŴ
ĺĬƳ֦ȻͷҲīԶ׼Ļѻ
ڶһ磬ڳ졣ٵĵΧ֮ǰŭҪڽīһ˵
㷢ַ밢жϵĶӲˣ·ӷһ㡣˾Ƶһ֪ǺԵʣԴۼǰҪڽīǵĵӻ
½ȻˣΪлźڵһӣŽɱڵĴĺɵסýָīҪЩӷŻ
ôȷץЩӣкƾ֤һ˵ЩƽԩҡīŸ첲˵ţһҡ
ĺĿ⵭ɨī˼Զ
īһЩӾǵסҿûнôԼȥ
½˿ĺɣĺɵͷŽˡ
īҲŹȥһĿ¡𣬵ĵȫӰ
˵أ½ĳһӵīĲϣʵ
ȷʵΪλ᲻Ҳ֪īȽ
īڻԣľ仰š˭ϢĽЩӰߡ˵½𳤽Ҫȥ
īƢҲǶ˭ã½ϡȾҪභ
Щʧȷʵ޹أҹһֱһ𡣡ĺ˵վ˵
ཫֳ˰죬˵ڵ̽ʲôҲû̽鵽һ֮£Ѿʱͷ˴ͷɥĻԼס
û֤֤ģҲ˵޹ء½˵ͺһ˵ӵŴʱ½Ψհͬĵͷ
϶īģȴĺǷ˵Ǹϴˣɲ˵ţһ˼ҵڵĵϣҲ̫ᣬֻա


ڵ筣6

ʧ˼ȷʵǼ£ȴôҲȲϵ޴ᡣã޴ıԲδֹͣԭȵĹ켣ȥ
һҹм޹ʧ١˶ΪīΪڰиֱֹ˼գʧٵӸߴʮǲʶеĲԾһԤıİܵӡ
ڵշ·һҹ֦֮࣬ϵҶҲ˼ɪīڰǰָŰŴ£ڵķķ޹ء
취ûֹӵʧ٣°ߵӵ˰ӰҲûûлɹīīһֱڣץסİѱ
ڵԽԽţඪʧӵϳƲҵˣ޴ıȻûͣµ˼תۼֵϳ
ڸ̨ϵ˰Σʼղϵĵ̨һʣԭҹʧ٣ҲδȾʤˣ˳  
ڡڡڵļ֮һı죬Ÿξ°ߵӵĺ֣ȳЩӡ
ôҲ½ⲽһƤЦīӡ  
ôͲˣɱˣҵĵ¿ǵڵšīÿμ涼Ҫһ½ƫƫÿ½
ĪҪĺһڣڶʱ
ڵʧȴûб˵㣺һ°ߵӵһǵڵˣ벻ֽ뵽ڣǲܵġ֪ǼλƤӵ½ŪߣΪһ͡īϻָǰ˻Ρ
ϻ˭֪½ǳ  
֪֪Щô˸Ūߵģīһ
Ūߵӵ˵λƤ£Ǿ˵¸λܽҳҪôǡ˿̷ǳҪЩӡ˻һڳ˶üͷ˼ƺ˵ķǳ
Ȼضʱǲͣģôеʧ١Ҫûа취ҪǵĵЩǼװץסΪī˵
УЩðգһô죿Ҳδı  
ֻǵһװӵģץס˳ϡī˵  
취ǲУֻװӵѡ˶ʺϣϾһšˣò˿϶ȷǸʶʶġ
ذɵĿתīϣīȻ峤аûгһҲûмǲѡ
½ӱһʹذɵ飬Ҳīȷʵʺϵѡ
ǲҰӰɣҲǲǲλæֻ۾в㣬֣ɵġīǳίľܾ  
ð죬һԽ۾ֳᱻ˲˵
īϵЦƬ̣Ҳʵɣͷš  
ī󡤡ɵӣ˭ȷ˻ץĸӣڵڵĵӿǧˡһ˳ʵ
ʧٵĵΪµȣźͼĵռҪרЩ֣ͨµšīЦٴ졣
īôһᣬȷʧٵĵΪųǲ٣ܲīŰɣ
һ޹
վԣǲҲûõĶԲ𣿡ī˵  
ɫÿȴҲû취īʲôöЩϸںɢȥ
ذΪҪī۾ʱԭĺɴͷβһֱվīԣĬ糣Ҳû˵䡣
īѣϼʩʱЩʹж޷ֻ֤ѧȴûжùԲ֪ôʵʵ˵
֮ʹ˹СС֮ʹô޷ܣǲõġī˵
˲£ĺɲ˲ӣīǰʵ
ᣬ޺ҡͷ˵
ĺÿ
ī۾ϵİײϵϵᣬⲻֻܻӽײն£ħߵ㶴¶ڿУį}˲ѣӲĻˡ  
СС֮ʹī뽫ղ˵仰ϰٱȻ̽ӣ͵û˵һʹ֮ʹ
ϸСƤһһµӲʹɵ־ī۾۵٣Ǽ϶ĺֱµòŴмʦ֣
ĺӦڡ
ī˫ֽĺɵѾʲôȥȴظĸ֣ʦ֣ʦ֣ʦ֣  
ذɶһۣҡҡͷǲûī˵ֻܿ촽΢趯  
īһ۱㿴ĺž˫ûʲô顣ۿת˼Ȧ֣ѵõ¶ϲ⣬۾ľɫȷʵʶ֪кܴĲͬʵ
ɫ΢΢ĵۣһЦг죬һϲ˼ˣüʦ֡
īɫѸٰȥת˺ɫϵϢ·һҲˡ  
ֻܼգīҪСġûī˫۾˷ٴμҲɵĶ࿴ۣ˫۾·װ硣
лīֱʾл⡣ǳںԭ۾ĵȷȷ  
īǻû˵ֵĽйԹǶӵżڵĵӣں͵ڵĵһδ٣˿ɡ֮ǰжһǵΪˣܻɵֻмˡ
Ϊӽʧ٣½Ųѡڼѡ˼λΪĵһˣĴѲ顣
Ԫȵӵĺɵס˿ȷɺͬ˵˼仰㱨˵ڵˣһתͷ㿴īż·ϣƺڵĺɡ
˵ҪôɿƳīʵ
˵˵ȥĺ˵
಻õĵͷŵȥطѲӡ
ҹһںɫµƾճڵϢĵطźڲֲŮվڸǽ֮ϣʶ˷Ѹٵһ䷿ȥ  
ڷ˯δ£˽°ˡ
īһİףһǽڵʯʯֻһС谵ĹߴӴ͸˽ΪڵʯΨһ⡣
΢һ㴫һ˯ڼ˫űסī˫ִӵ۾Ź߿ԴͷǱǶǽڣϱ˽ơ
ȫµΪѹס׶ٻҪ˵
ī侲ǽʯһȦָĴô~ĳƵǽʮֺʵһ޳·
ƫƫīţֻһڣôӽģĴǽһгȥķš
аǽĦ˰죬ûҵκη֡ǽʱһƬʪճУ̧ڹϸĿ˿һֵѪ
īҲûжģڱǼţû˿ѪζеֻǴ̱ǵζѰŮϵ֬ζҪŨ񣬲ǹζԶ˱ûˣֻýŻŵ  
ŮѪīȵϸĿ˿ȷϾǶŮѪ


ڵ筣7

ŮѪ˵ѪʵȻֻѪɫʯͷвҺѡഫܾ֮ǰһŮһ޵ߣΪ׷ӵĲ˽½糣ߣ벻
ȴ޶ԣֻΪѣһͨ˼ҵŮӻĽ޽ԵŮ֪ʼɲѣԼѪҺΪģҪȫµĵ޶úޣѪҺʯͷϣȾʯͷ˺ĶŮʯ 
ŮѪԴǿѨ磬ҺȻҪȴڵѹãרŹѺ˴ӵĵطŮѪѹƵеԵӵĸ˺ϴ˷شĵӣһǲᶯöŮѪ 
Ҫ˵ǽʹ˶ŮѪʯңҲֻкֶԵҪϸšĪǡ 
ĺ˵һȻǼٵģǲĺɹ˵ڰģȻ˵˵
С˻ץߵӵķΧīһסΪƫԶҲעĿĵӣн˴δߣӵģڷеȺû뵽ʮСģȶʩ˻˯Ž˴ߡ
īһС˵˵ԼŪˡ
ʯ⴫һصĽŲȻ϶ѹֹ˻īǽҪ죬ģ塣
ŲԶͣʯҵ档īΪ˻˰첻˽
ڴѹֹʣ˽˸ڵʯңīһǽڴȥϸţЩһĵͺڳĪĥ
֪ʧٵĵӺ˾ڸڣīȴް취ȥ
Լ䣬ְٱҾȻûбߣҲ˾ͨûвûİٱҡ
īȡȣʯڣɢ͵ĹâīӱԵһһĿϣ߽Ӵĵطðһ𻨡
Ҳ֪Ǻβʣϡ
īܵһᣬѹһɽƷΪָī΢ȴһ£ΪָЩһƿǶʯǽ
ʯԽڵʯңܣѾڣһڵϱԴһɫҰס  
ιôˣīӵʵ
ͷͷۡ۾ߣ޽Ŀīϣİˡ
ī˴ͷżһ飬δʲô˿ڣٴʵղǸ˭ʲô
Ҳ֪һ㽫ң𣬲֪ʲôҵͷ˺һۡǸӺԽԽ˵϶СŤС
û˵Ȼ˹ȥ
ֵܣô˵Ρī˵¼˼飬Ծûзκβף𡣴濴Ӿ˯ˡ
˸ɾĵطīŲ
ΪѾָ߰˰ˣҲ˵һ߻һǽʯ˳ȥ
һͨˣÿһξǽϷһӤȭͷҹ飬ɫĹâͨһƬ̡߶ʯңϸ֮£ϰٸץĵӾ͹ 
ī˸ʯңһš
ʯڵĵӱͻľŵæĶڽУץеҵƿʯǽ
ꡢꡣͽֽŤϣīƫͷȥӣ㱻ץգǸץˣ֪ЩΪγǸӣ  
ҵģյ۾ʵŵʯͷ¡
ǰɣ˵˵ôīͷ
Һǰץģԣǰ϶һƬҷֲץһֱǸץҵû塣տɥ˵
˵ĺû˵һīҲûȥתһƿüºصʯǽ⣬ŵĶǵӣЩ˺տʼһͷ˵ͷۣһȴûˡ
ī鲻ȻЩûµĵӻһƣǽʯҴ򿪣ȳ˺Ͻ뿪
Ϊͻȥڳһ֮մǶġոм˵
īЩİף۾ЦȰǻǲҪ֪ҵֵΪãҪȻǲ߳ġ
档ִֵҪī֡
ī
Ļ粻
ǵ޺ʱǵҪһǣĵ׶ʱЩԸī顣īΪЩѽжΪЮֶ֮ˣʱη˿ڶ°ˡ
ԸԸ޹أҪȥӣǾͼīָЩͷѵ˵
˵꣬ҲѡŤͷŲķ׷ȥ
˳ͨµֻһ·ߵʯҵľͷһʯҡʯڲõΪ£ķǽ϶ȭͷҹ飬ʯҫ硣
ǼźŨܳζζ̫ǺˣīűʯڴһȦ
ʯһʯʯһȰ뿪ʯšʯϷһͷ­Ѫɫʯͷʯͷһ룬ʯͷ滹ڲϵ͸ʺɫҺ壬εδʯϡ  
īûֱӴʯͷЩʺɫҺ壬ոƿĶŮʯҺѹƵѹƵʮֻҪһ£Ϊûа޷ָƿʯߵʯǰƿ뿪ʯ˽ȥ  
ʯſƵߵǽֲڲѣԺǰʯ֮ӦǺŽġ
һƬտĶѨǰһߴļ̳룬Χ󷨡һһ󷨽һ𣬹ɾ޴ɱ޷²
ī̧ۿһŮӱְڼ̳֮ϵϣ㲣ĵ½۾ͷɢң촽ʶ趯
ƾŶ󷨵˽⣬īоһᣬЩ󷨵ıһһƽ⿪Щ󷨣Ǵӱֲ󷨣󷨵˲󶮵󷨣ֲлٵ󷨵ĺģлɳˣһƿе󷨡  
̳֮Ũ˱ǣѪ׼ȷ˵ǶŮѪöŮѪֱ̳ǹ 
ѡī⿪˷ŵڵϣӡ
īīӡԺ۾Ŀī
ôᱻ˰īˣæʵ  
ǰǸ°ߵӵˣȻ֣ʵУͱץ˹۾ϢƬ̺˵
ûм˵òī̶ʵ
ûС˵ĺأ˵˼仰ɫ԰ޱȣ޹⡣
ī˺úϢڼ̳Ĵ 
̳İ˸λڷŰ˸㶦¯¯зŻҰ׵ķĩûвīΪ˿ץһңûôϸ¡
װǹǻҡ˵
īǳ鴤һڵĹǻ¯µƣմȾĹǻĵȡϸϸá
ʹϲЩǻңīǽ˸¯սٱУҲԴЩǻ֣ҳ°ߵӵˡ  
Щ̳֮ޱķ֡
ǳȥɣ廹ðɣòҷ㡣īɫǲãʵ
áַӴӵ˫ȻЩ֮Щ㡣īû̫Զڽߣһһĸ
̳ļߣÿһ̨׼ľܸߣԽҪ̨ףܡ
ұȥī˵Ѿ  
ĲáԸҲûԺƤó֮˱š
ǲȥұߵĿЩЩȥǻϡīҲû̫࣬˵뷨  
ǣлˡīıϡ
ϽīĲȻӿ˲٣֪һˣԲǾЩϽȻûе  
īӣȻͬһʱڵˣ֮ǰĴδ㣬㲻ٵĴšƾһ֮㽫췭ظЩһ˶ް취źȻûʶſīϣϸ˵
ֲʲôǲʶĺáī˵
Ǹˡ΢΢һЦ
īĽŲ˶٣˵ôˣһɱ飬ƫƫ˵ǸˡǾڡ֮£Ͳ˵Ǹˡ  
ᡣƶ˵
īЦЦûнӻϵôҪõΪɱ˹Ŀһ޹ϵôܲ᲻ϰôܺ˫ȾϵѪ  


ڵ筣8

̳֮㵽˶ͷīŽҲ޷׷ȥֻܰԭ·ء
ߵʯʱ˴æĵޣǺճȥ
ĺɱЩȵһī档ī˺۾Ц˵ʦ֣Ǹˣûץ㲻Ұ²ɣ  
īļ򣬡㽫ҷӦҲ쵽ˡ  
īѽСĵķº˵ǽȺ򡣡
ϡ
ȥ˵ĺץкδԭʧ
Ϊ㿴ңʲô𣿡īĺɶЩڣΪʵ
㣬ϲΣĺɲʵûʲô飬īȴʳЩΪ飬һʱûסЦ
ԹӢ۰ˡʢ⣬Ѳɶ˺Щԡī˵ۿת˼ȦϸųҪȽﻹҪͿ֣ʹҿҲĶģ㲻Ҫû˲㡣  
ǺĺĿ˼֣üͷ˵
úã͵ҺŲҪϡīƺǳϵϷˣ˭£Ҫô½һҪôĺһ٩  
ŤŮѪаװŹǻҵĶ¯Щǳڵӱصĵط֮ʲôī¯ȡĺɿ
Щͷ۵ĵѿûзʲô֮ĺ˵
ˣ㶼δ⡣ 
ţˣЩȻĵӼ巢裬˿ǰڡʦȥԪվſڣ˵
īĺɶһۣѸٵĸ
˿ǰۼ˲ˣʮڵǰ㵸кʲôЩżĳסһʹļ׵ԼҵӣԣеĿⶼͶĺɡ
Ԫӷ˺ôľŽס
īվǰ˼⣬ֻǺٺɵЦ˵ֻƬĺҡҡͷΣ𡣡  
һ飬̽鲻κ⣬ĺɱȽЩӰڣκ˲ýӽȥ취
ҺЩӱѺĵطٻȥī˵
һѾķϲõĹѺӵĵطĺɴ 
īĬƬʵΪйأȴǣ˵ڡ
ɽ󡣡
ǲһֱһûʧһ£īʵһʱЩ²һץץס
ĺûлش
īȴͷ˵֪ˡ
ʧ죬ûһ£ĵǲ̫ˡ
īƿĴţЩסĵһ˹ȥָǵĶͷϸϸ̽һ飬µķ֣תͷ߽ĺ˵ѹֲ鲻Ƕһ꣬𡣡  
ŤŮѪǺйأЩ⣬һꡤʦ֣Ҫȥ𣿡ī˵ɫЩȻԺޱеһжһ 
ȻЩѾƽͲҪȥˣµΪֹī˴̶˵ 
ΨˮʯſԸЩĵһŲбĺɺ޲˵
ãͼȥīУȭͷ
µֻһˣ˺֮ 
걻ǿѹߣͻγŤףڶŮѪȻѹƵеȴõĶЩǻлý顣
ĺǰ֪վ˶ãīյ˿УһĻҲû˵վţǿнŪ˻ȥ  
ţɫʲôµ˵īڵϨ𣬺ɽࡣ
  
īӣôк£Ŀվī
ڲڡīЦ˵
ڣ³ȥˡīҪµĻ˵תÿš
ˡīҡͷתҪߡ
īӣԲ𡣡ǸĿڵһī
~Ѿڶ˰˰ɣ˵˳ī뵽һ̧۱㿴ϤĳǼ̳ϣ˫ֵͷ̱ǵĶŮѪбѹƵ˼㣬ͨӶϣİٱұڼ̳Ե˸¯ֱڻԭ  
߸ʮŤףЩӶʧһꡣ  
ϴڼ̳ϵĶŮѪѾɺԣζǳŲڵϿ̻̿һ޴ĹīΪչ
󡣡īͷŽµĹü˵
벻ڼȴҪûаΪһ˾ȻϧȥЩӵ꣬ĺܺ˭ȥīЦʵ˿ԼĴ
һһҪʦֵĻٻཫһīƼ䣬ѪҺ˳ĸ첲εϣһһεģа
ī۵һ飬Цţʦֵ굱Ǳɢɢؼ䣬ֻض룬Ǻÿ
̧ͷ۳īϳǷ彣Եԭѽ䵽УѹôҲûҵ  
·˴ʹһֱֱĶīؿڣʺѪҺʪ½󣬺ͶŮѪһһʱֲ嵽ѪǶŮѪŨصȥ
ɢؼ䣬ҪѰǺѣʹȫһأҪôƬƴһ˭ĵֲֽŵƬһһĴճһͿԣǿ˵꣬˵޺þ޺á  
಻֪ıż˻аȷʵԽ˵ؼٻأȴҪƷһ꣬൱ڵȼ۽īǸꡣ
ЩӵӦ޲ֻ꣬ҪɵЩȫĲл꣬޸
īְ֪취Ҳùۺܴ󡢺ܴ  
˿ڵѪûֹסָ΢˶һĵۡԼѪѹƶŮѪһҲ롣 
ڵգ಼õлҲҪɡ
ī㲻Ҫָ˻㡣һΣ˭ҲȲ㡣ī˵  
㸴˷Ҳû֮ᱻеż׷ɱҾ㱻׷ɱɻأأ÷ж£໥īе˿˺ѣΡ
ѹеŭţеĻꡣ  
ţˡ춯ֻ󷨡ī۾һһ˲˲Ķ  
һæתȥտҲʶԼīĵ  
īؿڵĳ˳ȥʹס˫ֵĳһܲѪֹ˿ڣԵС  
㡢ôܲܶŮѪӰ졣𾪵ʵ 
ôܲӰ죡ǡҵѪ⣬ŮѪӰѡīûմѪָõϵѪЦаȣбࡣ  
࿴ɫ˼ֵۣʱ˹ʵǹҶŭ
ԣôܽ⿪ҵΪīЦЦ
ţīͻȻеÿüչЦĽĽȥ
ƭҡ಻ɵӣһε͹ˣڶβٴεͷҲص˵ 
īûƭĺȷʵվĺһڵϹ˼Ȧ۵³һѪڵϡ  
ĺó٣ʦ֡ī˵ӷĺˣȻûʲôˡ
īĺɵĿѪϣͷ˿ν˵ްСˣϼպлָ
īʱˣž˵ĻָֻҪ˼˿ڶ̵ʱϡ  
󷨻Щʱ䡣ĺ˵־ҪīȴɵĶ˹ȥ 
жŮѪ  
ʦ֡촽飬״γ˴ܡĺɵıĶΪһգǲܵġ
ɫ谵ڵϣɻҳմȾϣˣˡ
ͻȻһоⱩ¶ī
ŷһãǾ͸㣬㸴ҪҲԡ۷谭㣬Ѿˣܷܲ¶Թޣ棬ӵϷ,һɬҺָ 
īԭأãһǿЦı飬
Ǹѵʦ֣ʱôִִڸһˡ 
ң֮ǰͬһʱڳλţǧĬ侲ĺɣ߰ԣƽͽ࣬һǵڵĽ
˷ݣߵߣڵҲѡ˲·Ҳֻĺɻǹִĺԭء
ǲȡθģ꣬㻹ܽ˶ȻΪξǲԸȷأǾǷ㣬ƫִΪīԸ⡣
ҾǲԸȷ㻹ġī˵  
ĺ䵭ɨ࣬ڵ࣬˺޹ӡԶаڲûΣǵͷ˼һڴˡ  
һƬңϣҲˡ 


ڵ筣9

ҡҡλεĵīİٱңҲҵЦīĺɣǼȻʯĳǾɣ
ͷɢңŰٱҳ˳˹ڵĹٱУ˿ԽԽѸٵ 
ī˦ֽ˳ȥ״񣬿˳ȥǷ񱼶㿪һᱻС
֪ĸ˳˹ȥ˫˫ˤڼ̳ԵаٱС  
~˴İٱڿըѿ˽Ʒɳȥ˼̳  
īһٻȣĺͷǵסըĳһֻлᦵ鲼īɫ˼֣ȳѪµĲ˲ǣ̧Ѱ˵Ӱ
лᦺȱʱջٱеĶΪҽ  
ըĵط붴ѨѨѨըʯɣѨȣСʯͷͷ䣬Ҫ˶ãѨͻ̮
Ծ¼̳Ȼǣ̱ڵϣͷȣԲѡ
̧ͷīңңһЦЦȻȻͷ˿࣬Ŀ⸴ӣī͡ 
һ޴ʯͷڽǰ赲ߣҲ赲īĽŲ  
ߡĺīһѡ
īδͣתĺӳ˶Ѩһ·϶Ѩʯžĵվ£۾̵ķʹŤͷһ̮ʯͷڶ
˽ȥҲ
õĹޣҪףǺúõء  
ٵ˱ߵľ쾪׷׸˹
½üͷ½ī˸飬Ƶ˵ʲô£
ĵ½ͬǸභ˲Уը˰ٱңҺ˳ͽûгīŰԵ˵ʱԵ˳  
ֻһ֮ʣѾ䣬ʵȫƾһ졣½īĻ
Ų㣬ʵˡ԰ɣšī˵ 
ĺɽЩӵȡ󽻸½
ǣ½һʱûϳɻʵ 
ЩӶʧһꡣīص
գĺǸ飬ͽ··Ӱ졣˺޵߷ʲô£һĮӵı顣Զ޶ԣԶ侲Įһ
ī֪ڱٴΡ  
żڵĳͽδܳʾһϧȰĺɲҪ̫ģǺޱڨڨıϿڡ
һתͷЦӳ½ڵӵ껹½С½˼һ±뿪ȥ
˶˾е˾½½ĸ½뿪˵ءīֻǲݲǽһ£л಻ʵĵطĺһԸ˵ı顣֪˶Ըǽ˵վҲͽΣ뿪
޹ʧ¾ĺĬ֮²֮˭ұȵڵ˵ʵ顣ǰûҪ֪ôϸֻҪԼĵӰȻԺҲʧپͿɡ  
µĵӷī֮һͰˮڸڡ
ڼһ磬ǳƺתĽӡīĺƵ󣬸˵ʦֽҲһ죬ϴˮ裬кβʹĶԺ󡣡
ϴ࣡ĺתīǰԼ˵  
īͷԼֱЩ 
ϴˮͲˣʦ롣īȻǴ⣬ǵڵɽŴһȪƽ٣ˮ¶ˣϴҲ㡣
ĺɹִվԭأ͵īӦ
ī⣬Ȼ׸ı䣬һӣ·Ѿܴˣȥһ
˵գ첽߳˷䡣
ĺһҲī뵽ʲôһƵĵľ˷䣬ȻīӰ
Сīһˮϸߵˮչ۰ڰߣŰ͹ƽұڣֽͷɢմʪںͷһ˦Щˮ飬дʣôõĵطȪ˭ľͰϴ衣
һʱȪīƵĴ£ˮ׼ɾʱԶһҪ˵Ǵŭȴֺīĵȷȷܵһ⡣
ϵ۵ڵϣԵĿԶ
īƭҡĺͻȻīǰ˵īļĺ΢ţ١
īȷʵʦ֣ѵһʱУʲôʱƭ㣬֡һ˵
ĺĬſ˾롣  
ʦ֣ǻδϴĻջջƽûʲôõĻᱻ˿īָָȪ˵
ƭҾΪȪĺƳֲƹɫÿ
īˣϹЦݣҲ⡤
һīһ̤վֱȪе£קĺɵ䣬ɺ׺У˫˫ˮ
ϸߵˮ
ۣ³ˮīˮðͷ¿ɺãֻ¯ˡţȻ·ʪ˳ϴˣϴȻȥɾ·  
ˮгûĺɼϵ·һԭʧˡ
˼ɾ·ī͵͵ĻصȪڲԶУï֦ѾӰӰأõסգбһ̳ơĿ͸֦ҶȪķ
īϵȰȣǵһ˳ԡͼƫƫĺǰŸ̤Ȫű㴩롣  
˴죬ʲôҲû塣
ʧ̾˿
ССһĺɡһԶīϵϹһȦ󣬼æҡ
Ǳͣŵľ̳ǰ
ʲôĺɾӸµĶī
㰡īͷ治ɫĳ˸ѣӵϵҶ
Ҵӵӵķѳһ̳ƣζζǺһ
ڶԵӹ̲ܽϸֻҪ֮£ŵӵԸԶںȾһ¶һֻ۱һֻۣӹٵĵӶȾơ  
ĺûī̧žߡһ·ī˵컨׹ڸ޶ԡ
ĺٽǰʵܺȾƣ  
ôܣôܺȾˡī·˴ʹʵϪҺȹƣûطȹ֤˺ѻӦû֪Ⱦơ
šûġ
ţţںȸ㿴īصĽ̳ϣŷӣ⽫װ˾ơ  
ܲһ˺ȾƣʦҲҪȡī֪ԼＸĪ˵һƣһھƶܽͷתȻĺɺ 
ʦ֣ⱭȸΪīҧҧˡ
ĺʾˡ¶ǣĺ治ɫ  
īǺȽ˶ӣǺĺɲע˳İ࣬ĺɵľҪǺõĻҪһֱȥ  
ī֪ǣĺɾǺöǷǳãſ˵еӣҪĺɣҲֻ롣
ű߻ܵľˮԽԽ࣬ī̧ۿĺɰҲûУž̳ߵĺߣ˵žãһһĺû˼ž̳ȣǺˬ
īӲҪĺɸ൹  
ˡĺɶǰľƱ˵
ۿҪľƱīٺٵЦţĺһҲȣԼһǶĺеľƱȥľƴ  
ĺɺ̳ڴڵĺȥ
īһԿɵЦϣԣֳӱԵԼ˯£ҪǷƷĺɻҪŵ
žŵʲôϵ 


ڵ筣10

һأһͷĵϡ
ٴ̧ͷī΢죬˫Ŀһڱ㲻ˣӴŻȾưҶ֪Ⱦƣǲݣױª  
㻹ǲҪˡīһѶ̳ˤڵϣˮһء
ĺɾôī裬ǺĵΪ˱ˮīûͷƵģĺɵļϾֽˮȾδ죬˵ţ춼ˣþˡ  
գ΢棬īôܿأߣԼȴһͷ±۾˯  
ĺɿīĺڷڵĴһͨͨϻӣϻӲ滨Ƶ̾£Ͼó˶ء
óϣǣİڷһСˣС˵ϷżõĹߡСֻаƴС̵ΩΩФòǲͬ 
֪žϲ̵̣Ķྫ£ÿҿī֪ʱѹվĺޣһ̣óһСˣϸϸš
ⲻǷôţãʳȷʵŵǷСˣϺЦЦӯӯ
ȥĿ˿ī˵ĵ¿һе̵С֣ʷӣǺÿǰմڿ˵µּȤ֡һŵС˵ݶɻӵˡԡ
۹Ʈĺɴʱһˣ³ڣţƫġ㽫Ƕ̳ƫƫͲңжңУҪҵһһҪҵ̵ķǳÿ  
īǺ˾ƣʲôûҪƽʱˣĺɵ̣ôӲҪ
ףϻӻ˫ġīһһڳŷ滹һ㣬ȡһ㶼Сˣī˻ͦģԼ
һ㶼ī̵̬죬緢ʱġŭʱġЦʱģͬī¿㣬۾˵ţ̾͵̣ﻹҪҪϲҵӵ̡
ûƭˣļ́ͷʵ
Ȼƭ㡣īһ߶߶˵һѣţͷ죬˵˾ԼˮɤӣԼ˵ķˣſһգգĿĺɵС˵ǲΪǲˣŵ̳ǵĵʦ֣ҲˣǸʱͬϵõ˶ˣֻʣ㡣ģȾƣ˼Ҷ˵Ҳ㡤ΪûûΣʵУʲô֪ôҳңҲ⣬ҶҲһ㡤ҡ
ϸĺȫȫͶ뵽ţʴû߶ʲô
ȻڶīЩʲôĺޱȵ߻ָ˻ȥ
޴ᵢգʧ֮ѾȻҪȥѾڣīԸµҪλãֵ޴ᡣ½Ȼ˵ʲôӦҲõѡֻīϡ
ĵܹʮˣֵܡԪ񡢻аǮΣǮĺãһʱǿڶĶԵûг֣񰢳һɽ˼ʣλСĵӡ
ȹϲλΪʮλҪбһһųλӶԵУƣ÷ΪʤΪ˹ƽԵ˳Ҫгǩ֡ǳ鵽һʮλ֣һԶġԴƣֱ˱ԣֱȫųīɫ֣أЦ  
ǾŸõһǾͱųȫʤִܡ  
ͷ羴ĿīģЩʱҹԼյΪһǧŴʱѾԪǲ˶١  
ǩ֮Ϊʱȣû̫׼ʱ䣬㿪ʼ˱ԡ
īЩĪ˵ǽ̵ûʱõÿգҲûЩ˵ıԣŰȥ˱ĵط
ʦ۾ˣȲʵ۾īӿֿ۾û˰ײĺܺÿ
ûСֻʱܿīӴĽһ¡  
мְӮÿס
Ԫ⣬Ӧò⡣ʮ˵
š
׳ԪǮΡ
ǮοЦһһԪȭ˵Ԫʦ֣֪Ķ֣ϣͬһָ̡  
ָ̡ԪͷûΪǮʵСκӡ  
ǮƴȫĵֻֿԪ¼ʮغϣ㱻Ԫץסһյһؿڣķɳȥ
䡣Ǯڵϴ䡣Ԫջ˼ֻǽǮδڵأûʲôʵԵ˺
ҹɫī˻ķ䣬һסСϻŪʵˣǸ߻ڵڣ  
ʱīһӣģ塣  
ҡһڵչӵĺãˡ˵һ˫۾ֱīĺѻڵԪóԺúȵĴôߡ
šѻˣ˵Ҫչ˺ͽܣҪͽи̣ͰĻƤˡīЦźѻ
֪ˡѻƵĳ
ǣ˵չӣû˵Ҫͬæ⣬ڵڵȫǵޣҪҪīͽܣôס
Ҫã

Żˡѻʱһһ˵Ķ졣
Ҫȥûлᦣϼյȵ޴ҾͿһȥǿһˡ½֪͵͵ȥڣƴ
½ļڵڲμӵ޴ᣬʱһɢҪûлҲࡣҪǵ½˺ڣĪ˵һˣҲòлᦡ㻹ڵڱ仯ҵӶңǱڽ͵  
ѻʮͬ⣬ȴ֪õķʽ
Ҹ˵ҼҪָҪֵ޴ᣬܷæ⼸պͰͬ˯㲻õĻʶݡī˵
ѻͷá
СΪΣЩ֪£һ㡣ѻʵ
ϲīɢĻش  
áðɣ㻹ҪСĺɣϾǵڵţҪʱԡѻ˵
ѻڱ˵ĻشǡáǡС˵ܾ߷񶨡
īЦЦͷҲСĵ㣬Ҫ̫ǿܹ鲻ҡ  
ЩǵŻ˵ģһĿɵԲצŶ˵ʲôҲ֪
īǳıӵðȥ͵˼ҵĶ 
㲻õģСẦģֻҪ㲻Ҫ˵ͻû¡ѻοĿīӺҹʧȻ任ģ  
īʱҪúý̵Ͼһˣ֮Խġ  
īϢ֮任˸ˣûһ˷֡  
үվڵſڣվһӺ˳̾˿ˡ
кãѾ˭С˵
ˣǽ߰ɣܲǸɵСӣһҪôҲȲǸ׳աС˵


Ц̣1

īһûгԹڴСĴѰųԵĶһߵβʱԶԶؿ콫һŻΧǽǣ۽Ứҧ´ֵųС졣
վڿһУī޶ԣǼʶûƬضΣרЩ˼ҵӵ֣ǱǶϵĸӵһǱһա
æƳվڵǸСؤͷҲһ˫۾ִֺڣ˸Źâ
Ŀ˲īϣȴᣬתߡ
Ⱦҡļеĺӱ
īߵ䴦Ųһ٣˱۾ǷˡתɿܵЩ룬ҪЩ찫ֻ࣬ǵļ򴦣Ƚ֮£Ǹ͡
ֺֿݣһȭһ˱ϣƷڵأѸٵ˴һī˺ݵǴܣҪĴ򷨣һŻһȭ
˫ȭѵ֣Ⱥǣûһī·磬һȺΧŹ
֪˭ſשͷ͵ĵͷϣѪֱģߣκģͨһ˵ϡЩī£³ٸץȥʣϽˡ  
ǳɫɴʴ£ϸĽīĿŷ첻
û°ɣ⻻ɾ·վſųĿŷīСʵ
ī˶촽һԼҺʧˣ벻˭ʶ𣿡  
⾪ȵĵ۾һֻ˾СӣȻҡҡͷʶ
Ŷī̧ͷŷ
Ϊʲô
ұ۸ͦңΪұЩ˴˲Żʧġ㲻õģҰκġ㻹벻Ҽһֱסȥ
ܸиְɣ
ҴҳģӦ֡⽫һīɫ֣ī
īԭīī˿ûʲôӡ漴ǷŮӵõʲӦġ 
ĸVΪī˲ٵĴ򣬵翵Ķûһ˵׼˵һʱǻָ˼䣬ī㳤סȥ
ڵļ壬ϪҲƽվ壬Vһ֮ΪڵҲŵŵģ츳ĵӲ٣ȴīͽ˼
ԼĶӵƢҲ˽⣬Ըų˼ȡǰҾô⣬²꣬Ҿͻ˥ϣոͽܽ⡣  
¸պīһᣬīԥĴӦˣ˰ʦVΪīĹ⣬˵ؾ˸һ
ûǶ˼Ϊīʦֵġ
˵˽ܵ飬˲űôϪɾܻɽƣڣҪɽɽҪˮˮʳԶ
ԭͶ޵Ȥÿֻɽˮīֲͬ˼īԴ̤һ;²Ҳһǧ̶һȵ
VΪīôܴһȴ飬յ⣬顣ʵ㽫ҵС
īƿõĴԾ˽ȥӻóһڹϣЦŽⲻ˸㣬ͲҪʦˣҲǺɸ֡ӳô
ĹĵӽÿҲһͬϷˣƾʲôֻͷȴݣƾʲôУΪȴǸ  
´βҪð˿ˣŲ壬ҶҪˡⱧԹ˼䣬һӽ
еĳԾͲˣôޡīԵĽζٶζҲֲһ˿⡣
ʦҪȥ죬㲻ӳȥҷݼ졣īת˼Ȧߥ˵
ǲҪˣҵġһ뵽Vӳ͵  
ʲô͵͵ȥ˭ʦ˼ǰأī§ļ򣬼˵
ðɣֻܳȥһᣬʱ䲻̫ⲻĵ˵  
īҷ˳ûڣŽ˻û߳Ҵžˮ 
硢ī磬ҪȥðǾұŰ˽ԳšСﴩһۣԲཱུϹһСѣվſڶסˣ˫ֲ̧ͷ˿
īͬһۣ͸ΣôƫƫСڣĴγȥ治СѾͷܡ
ˮˮīҪȥѰҺĶ㲻ҪʦȸóԺģ𣿡īˮԲԲϸĺƭ
~ΪҲ֪͸ҪȥÿĽ㣬Уǲܳȥˮ֪Ҫȥĵط϶Ǻõط
ī˸ͷڵ麹ʲôȥÿĽ㣬ͬŮӶ˵ϼ仰˻쵰ˮˮѵԵЩóԵĶ
룬Ǿǲܳȥˮͦ˵Ǵһȥ
īЦˮͷ࣬ԭѾͷ⣬Ǵȥ档  
ãǴȥҪǵĻҪĴܡ  
īȡ彣ˮУīõĳV֮ǰһֱʹõһѽ֮࣬һֱǱԴҲǲޣӡ
ˮмһ죬˸ʽСԺߣಽĽˮмתƣࡣ
ҪߡˮӵȺվߵ̯ǰָһ˵
ˮ㿴õĶҪĶѾòˡ˵ôܲܳϡüͷѵ
ʲôòϵģǲڰٱСˮͣһĲԸ
ãī򡣡ī৵ĽϵĶսٱУӻͳߣߡͷߡһͷߡ
߸ˮϺͷߴԼϣЦ⣬⣬ϰɣ  
ҪܾĻʼ˵ڣ̾˿ˮīע½ߴԼϡ
ǳʱһһȵĵƻᡣĺɫĺϣСͷ׵ĵȺ·һȫð˳ȣֻ಻٣µյ̯ǰΧĲȺˮйͨ
ˮԲµղȤõīӹһ٣ȥȺＷȥ  
治ʱôƫƫ˼ƻᡣ֪  
Сԣ˵䣬Ҹջţֱڡ
治֪ڳ˺εȼֵ£ȻҪĸȫ
϶īĶ䣬ûϣʱۣ͵תͷѰԴ
ڳ˺£ȻѰŵ˰æΪûеõڵϢ  
ѰǧٶȣȻףȴڵƻɺ
ĵƻīҴƳһĨɫӰĸоˮ½׳תˮ
ĺɫƽ޳ĿȺдͷߵīӹͣ  
ˮ浽ҹСѾͷ벻ѣֱǷҪؼҡ
͵͵شſţһ̧ͷ㿴VֱֳӣŭʮվͥԺС
ͥԺӣϸϸܵïʢѣɫҶƬմȾˮ飬¹ӰӰ´£VվԱߡ 
ī΢һ£Ƚŵˮӣˮڻ·ſīı˯ˣĺʦ
һVļƱ֪ⲻ˵һٱӣηĽӶīŵŵĽе
Լղ˼ȡˣվóȥ֣㿴ʲôʱˣ֪ﻹûףVıĲ壬ӾҪȥ
밢أҷҪˮˮɽơʦҪ𷣾ҡī˻һ˽¡
Сÿÿ㶼Ҫ㻤һʱѵһ²ܾʹգҶҪ֪ءVŭĿǸĶӣһ¾֪ڱ˱еεûУô˷Ľҽ
ʦҿԡһỤһһīεĻţ 
㡤ˣVī⻰ˣԭأýҡҡͷ˻طȥˡ 
СǲҲرûãС¡վԭأͷʵơ  
ǣǺûáī̹ʵ˵ 
ǳʧ䣬ΪΪīôҲᰲο 
ԣȻ޷ıǾֻȥӦʦ̳ң֪־ڴˣ޵һ;ͲҪǿԼˡī˵
С˵˾仰̧ͷЦīҴ򡣡
˵ýһʦ֡ҿϯӡȻϡ
һţǲµĴɫ
īûо⣬㲻ʶǳ˵ˡСؤȻҵӭУ绪峤֮䲻ݡ


Ц̣2

īڳ˺¶Ҫŵȴ֪ɻͺܿͱˡ
ԭڲ֪ͨŵļ壬ŵΪĽԶ֪ͨǡ  
ڵڶձģڻǰǡ
ƵڹϽķΧڡ̶̼շʮαװɵ޳ϪѰʲôոץЩ˱ȫԾʵĻᶼûС
ƵֳЩͨ˵ҪôǽǼ﷭߰㣬Ҫôǵ̯ӣйֵľڽͨ˸ץˡ
Щͨ޿̷׷׸浽
ھΪ¶Ľͷöոսץסߣһطð˳ҲסҲϲߡȲѣڲ֪ڵļǰ
Vīϼǰȥڣý˻ĥһ
žϪ滷ˮһϡ㲻ԶҲī˰·ŵ
īȻVΪ꣬ڼպɽˮҲûȥȫڵĵӴ·˳ڡ
Ĳɣں뵽ŵոսֺÿż帺һƬ򣬸ͬЭϳϪ
овǼδҲûֻǵǵ֪ᵽͿɡ  
īȻ֣VϯӣȻӣҵӺ
޴ͥ߳˵ЦīһӭײҲ㲻ЦӭȥЩӵķζÿضķΣϳ˲ٵļš
һڵӼȿ˵ؼλĵӣһһᡣһĵ޲ͣ½ŲĿⶼһϣϡ䲻Ӵʵۺ񣬵ôҲϪһ  
īЦŹֱȭصǡϯӣīλʦ֮֡⣬⼸λҵʦܡһһܵ
īδţȴ׹޽˭˲֪ҼиĶӣֻ֪ɽˮ˼ȡֱЩ޽ӵķ̲ġ
ڽɳڣЦ 
۵𣿡
ǣôҲǳϾĸ֣ôôһӡ  
˱ſֵ̬īһˣͬǴкϴǿǣгϷʡ  
īû̫ǵ̬ȣЦʼ磬Цȴ۵ס  
༸λЩ⣬ƾʲôǸҪܵĵӦܡ
ôʲôţֶҲ·˴īʵ߲ͣ㹻ΧЩ塣ƽﶼû˵һ䣬ЩʲôʸЦ 
Сʵûʲô˵ģѾϰߣ㻹ǲҪΪҺִ˵һҲûʲô֮īĸ첲˵  
ûϢīЦ 
īɣո˵Ǻ˼ڳ𣿡ЩӺס뿪īɫ˵
ȻûУҪôΪǾˡīЦеĻص
һЩƢ𱬵ĵӵҪ۾Ƴͥҷ˳תۼѹȥװµӴѸٵɢ
һڵĳ 
īߵڵӶīȻھܵﲻˣ治֪ܲܰȻĻصҡĵѵôӣǳҪ㱨𣬲ʵҪǲҲǡǧҪǵòܵŵĵӣҲȲ㡣~ǼͥгˣǧҪ  
˵꣬뿪ˡ  
īڵӵıӰ˵˲ҲˡΪҪǣ  
Ȼֻīйһ֮ԵīȷʵҪһ˺ÿĺܣ֮һ۱ϳīĿ˿æתͷĺɡ 
ĺɫƽĿɨЦӯӯīԻδпڵڵãû˵ͬ˭Թ߶˭ֳԲ֪ƭǵī
ҪĺɼƽľǱ˵ƭīƫƫһ㡣ĺͬīҪŵȻûмĺغء
ôţҲûǰȥš
ī̧ۿżͥҳˣֻ鴫ŵ˲Ϊ߾òҲǼãǸӣѣ۾Ĵһ
ĺĿ˸£ļ죬Ƭ̼īǰγīľ䡣
īҲǳصģڳδǰĺɽһסܱߵĿռ䣬ĺ·ضϡ
ī£γ彣δȡ½ʣͬĺɶһ
ıڶīĵˮ©ĺɵʽα仯ᱻһ˹ȥ
䡣īͻȻϽһӣ˫־ڶ࣬Ц˵
ĺɵĽͣǰһ硣
Ѻ֡īʰ·磬ոеĵطָ̡ī˵Ŀȴͣĺɵ½ڴвŽ
ոմ˭Ҳûռˣīĺָźĺɵ½Ҳһۼؿڰ׹й¶  
ĺ˳īĿ⿴ȥֽ·££еĳδջءŴһɽ¥ӡ
ΣյĵǾջȥĺáīָųԱƣͥȥ
㡤ī˵ҪȥڣΪҪ;뿪סīʵ
˵ʲôҲʶ㡣īŤͷŷ˵
ʲôСǲϣװͿһԺߺɫ͡˵ҲֻǸ츳ˣΪҪΪ˼ɵɵıƭת
ϴ·֪ҵˣĺɵҪīһ١  
ʶңīʶԼӣʲô̫ѺõĹϵ˵ҺλкβĵطλһЦ𡣡
⻰˵ļԲȷŵεĽǰ½ҹֲЦˣʹǴǰĳԹҲ仰ɢ
֪
  
ĻĺĴϡ  
īüĿڷϴת֪ʲô  
īǰȻܿڵĴӴĴҽշ˽͸գڹϽڻƵ˹ĳֵңҪϪļơ 
ҲԶһ뵽ϪĽݾݾҪԽһϿȣϿԶΣգȲѣһǲѡ·ڵõĿɿϢвٵ˳  
īڵĵӱһɵһϪϤļһŴ䣬ȷְȫڿǵĵȫ档ĺǶϪϤ·Ȼīϡ
ʱȣһ˲̡  
յĲ˽ǶδἰЦǺǵĴк
īͬĺһȥͣϼգҪȥĵطľϢ̽Բж
صҺΪĺɼڵĵڣVŶⶼɫǶҵһԴȥϿȵ 
ˮԭ˸߲ҵܳӼīˣççײײܳȴײĺɼˣһΣͷվԭذŪȹ
λãˮЦųˮΡ
ˮҴһǼˡ  
ԴպˮΪ䷴Ŷĺ٣һĺɼ˱īԸīҲʹСѾͷôˣȴŤŲ𻰣һ˵ġ  
ƼȤ˵ĪСѾͷ˵ڵˣ˺ֵӡ  
ûѹڳ˶ˣ׷׺Ц  
⣬㡤ˮֱ֣˵˵Ļɫǵͨ졣
īЦˮͷ˵˵ģСѾͷȻҪˣ˵˵˭ҼСѾͷ˷ġ
һһСѾͷʵˮҲʮˣͣǸóıѰˡʵҲѹԵڵ˶˼Ǽȷʵɫ
ī硤㡢Ҫұܣ  
á
ϵһ겻䡣
ǡӣܺá
īһԡǼ˵Ӧĺɣһǧ֮ı飬СѾͷϲҲӦáҲ֪ԺļҵĹῴˣһһǳȤΪԺĵҪʾ֭ദ  
ҵӴϢٶȺܿ죬һվͽפϿȵ˸͸
Ѹٶǰ  


Ц̣3

ī磬硤ˮеĺӱ
ˮ׷Ǵһ·׷⣬ڽ˽ס
ˮˮô׷ˣ˵ˮīţһתͷȻˮ׷ܵĹڼ٣ͨ졣
ΪĺһҪţܱҲˮ̯ƽīˣһҪţ۹ȴƮԡ
ˮ㾹ȻΪ޵֮˾͸Ƴһǰ˵⻰ʱɷüĿ˸쳣ŵĹâ
ˮս˲أͷҿˣƮһΡ
ҵüǾͱɣһЩ޿ɺǡīõбһۣСѾͷǾ仰ϣЩ䡣ͷˮ˵˾仰ŶˮЦ
ϿֳΪһ족ĵط˼粢ߣȴԽԽɽ¹ͺͺ˵ǲ˾϶ϲȥ
Ǵ˴סϿȣȥһҪʱٵϿҲǿԡ  
Ϫ滷ɽνϵͣϪĵ·ֻһڴڵţҪףȴҲǲܡȻش⣬ϿСͨС
ԽԽࡣ  
īϿȣڱԵϿһ߿˿ϰСĺڵƶ飬īУ۾ʹơ
Ҳ¿˿˵ԽԽ࣬罫Ͽȷסǳס
ΧһȦ򲻵ѣֻܻϿȡ  
УסϪİҪȥΪ㣬˵ĻǶϾǵ·īҲδſڷ  
Ŀ뵽ϪʱǾȵ˶໹Ǻ˶ࡣ˵  
ϯĿǳ̣Ȼֲء  
ȥ˵շ˳Ͽȵұȥīұϣһֿɽϵ͹һŽһŵ㡣  
Եһ䣬īȥ
īһ̧ͷͿͷȵüΪԻƢĲأ
īĽбұڣһץסһֿұڣĿڵѰŵĵطֲᱻ˷ֵĵط
Žұ΢΢εһɣұϻī˳ƽһգڿԾϣ˼ԶҰݴУèҰݴСЧڴұݴУߡ
ʵīƫͷ˿£˵  
ʲô
˸ո߿ˡ
  
īӵݴ뿪ķȥԸϡ
ϰٵϿȵһల¶ӪµϣһɫĿտϣͬͨ˲ǵֱֳ̹ͫ⡣
èĳ˰ĵطǰУͣʮ׿⡣
Ҳͷۣȥǵޱ۾ѿĺܡīǵһˣһЩͷƷ㣬档
˳ͨ۾졣˵ǵĻ塢Ҳ峤һòڣ˵ҲΪ۾Ưˣɫӿ˵  
īбһۣЦ˵Ƶġ
  һûһѹţڡ
ʱ֣һҪӸߴϰ˸ȫԱӭ˵һ㹩
ԼʢųüĿ˸űĹâ֪Ƕݵλ̫Ƴϲǡ  
ҹ˾˴˯˳ɶӵ˻Ѳߣ𲻶ĻŵΨһ
īڲݴǰУŵ˼Ѳߵˣǵס  
ӽʮɫīƿһӣȷ˯֮Žȥʱ֣УǸ˾סڡ  
ŷ϶͸¹⣬īڵĳſ˼ۡһŰ˸ߵϷһȭͷѪɫԲ򣬴ʱԲһһһɫ˿ζ  
ʱʱĹâ˸īֲѣⶫĪµķԸǣ
èߵǰһǿԲ򴧽īԲʱâڵĳ漴ȥ  

˭վסڴϵͻȻ۾Ŀ¶⣬ӴϷŭī뷢˶ 
ī۾ʱ㱧ԲԽ񣬴󺰵ԣߡ
~쳹ʵŭͻƯڰգŻĿĴѰ͵ĶС
һŭ𣬾ˣ
īûҷգڵϷ񱼣ǽرǸԲԲůģһȻīƼ䣬ζĺ˿Ȼˡ
˲糯Ͽȷȥ
ʲôôᾪˣ
˵ôˣҪ㿴ǲķ
ƴܵ;УīԲóԿƳۣõдԵĿ£Ϊ⾪ˣʲôضǸԲѡ
յԲӸīõʱԲйâȥͨͨ  
С֮ϷĶϽ׷ڶ󣬵ӹݴԣϵʯ飬׷˺󱳡
īһһߣ˹ȥ˲ճϿ֦վּǰ񱼡  
۾ˣϳǸ͵ˣ׷ȥ
ۿŵϾҪ׷ϣīͷһƤһϾԶĵطȡŵٷٶһ͵Щ롣 
վסѰ¡ֻܿīıӰô  
ⶫīЦõԲ˳ôҲֻǸԲô˵ĳƺ  
ţԲҪǶˣô˽ԲѰҵҪʲϪҲԲָ  
í˾٣ӹѹݴѹһƬܿ׷īץĺ󱳣缦צצۼ
īһͷ亹乣ͷҲصļ١ٺٵЦһץסһϣ˱㱻˻ݺݵˤڵϣīĽһš  
㲻Ҫô㡣˲ʲô۲ۣѸٵĴӵϷӻóԲʹ˾׳ȥԲעһ
ϿԲʱ۾һīתԲ˳ȥ֮ȵؽסˡ
޹Բ򰲾УҺסˡ꣬꣬ѵڶɵ۵ĿѺӵԲϣ⡢ôˣ
󱲣Ŀѣŭ쳹ʡ  
īһŤͷܡǸԲעһ˭֪ˣȻҲǸԲȴû뵽Чá  
Ϸ˷׷ϵĹī֮һƬǽ壬æлͷһƲˣˣٶֿϼ֡ 
һźī߷ɹŵ϶ȥǰϺõƿϴʱֻīǰѽУܹ׷š
ڵ󻮹һƯĻȣתϢĴӵӹīƳۣץʱ߿ٳһס˳ƱŷС
īڿն𣬻һԶĬھԼ彣ٻأУͷŵһЦ
ŭһȫΪ׷īٶȼ죬ƴȫ׷ϣ׷ī½ǶûѲ֪  
īϿȵڴſӿɻĺɵıϵһʣȴѾõһȺɫѿ˭Ҳûȿڡ
ܵЩɫΣһ缷īǰקϸһʵСû°ɣԡ͵͵ǱĵطŻˡ
ϣҪ˵ȷʵУղűһƴںϣؿڵڻʹīͻȻһַļϣϿ˿
ѵأҪҪȥðʲô⡣һô˵ŵʵ޴롣
û£ġīվӣЦ˵
㵽׶ʲô֮һĵϷ˷裬׷㲻šԵĺȾ˲ٳī϶٣ӦҲ׷ĹǺ
󣬱ĺǳŽīӵ¾ȳ  
ҼǸ˺ʮֱǶ͵ҲãѾСˣȴ뻹Ǳ֡ǶˣҲ޲ߡīż˵
ʦڣ˵СһֲòīȻڵϵֵ¼ֵĺɾһǶˡ  
ǡǶлĵ޵ľ֮ԺõҵĵطܿڣҶƴǡ֣صŵīȴþЦ
ĺ΢üĿͣƬ̺תǷЦ˵ҲҪ㣬ֻ´οĪҪΣ֮¡ 


Ц̣4

Բī𻵣ǶѰЩۼϿûָһʱϿȿڣ˲ãոһյĵȴµ´
īԲٻ壬ʹǽ뵽ϪĲͣϢܿ촫ڣ곤ĵźЦ۾ûˣֱīܸɣƾһǯס壬ǻҪλ֮㡣
屻֮⣬Ϫڵ˷·һʧӰЩż¿ڡ
īûбҪȥӹǣȴû˵һҪڡ
ĺ⼸ڵӲӣԿģڲǵɣʶû˵ǻڡ
ҪҪȥһī뵽ˮкøУ˳һʡ
ˡʦǰڣҪǰȥϡǻЦžܾ  
ټϣ´κǺĻᡣīż˻֣ͬҡ  
˶˵ŵ۸ڶҿȻǵӳԸ䵭ЩáⲢīվһ
ǶܲһǸϲλīתͷЦеĿ⣬ɫתصѹ˵µģȻ߰ЩĳȴԸҲ⡣
£Ͼ䣺ҾãͬӴɣҪ 
һǾλзĺýӴ˺ơⲢδл 
īÿɷһЦ
ˮǰŪδͳĺ̾˵īʦֻ۾ѸٵĳӣñǰԺ  
硢ī硣ߵĻ۹ȴΧƮȥΧ˸飬ֻ˻Щʧ
ڵǼλ»ڣ±ˡīVǡ䵽ˮС
ĺܺãûҵĪ˽֮£ǲŵӣ⻹ָܺúøVƺǣȸīͷһȣĪʧ˷ִ硣
ͽ̻塣īɫӦVżˮ 
ˮˮߡ
ȥˮĲɣ䵽ȵס
ȻǳȥġһЦ 
ʲôˮɵúܴ󣬲ŵĿ 
ȥԨԻɣī˵  
ˮīΪԴᣬȻޱϲĴӦǰȥ
īͬڵӷֿǰҪȥԨԻ꣬īŴˮԼ档
Ԩλڵ޺Ľ紦һƬشҲĽս֮֮أֳµ˴ԩɷأһֻڻԨǳ̫̽롣  
ɫһ޼ʣԲﲻһɺԵ򳤾òԽߣǺԽܼ׻һƬĪһ˳ſӡ
˳ŹǺߣһɵĹͻأĳ֣Ǳôѿ뻮һ
ֺû˵ײҲ֪жڴƣ¿ȥֻޱ޼ʵĺףӹȵ״˳ŸζŲ岻˻
Щž͸һֺܲõĸоë
ˮ棬ĦȭƣԾԾԣʵڵڼԻꣿ  
ֻһ㡣ī˵
νԻԻޣȡ굤ǻԨеĲؼɷ۳ɵһޣҪ˵Ҳȫǣûʶֻɱ¾ļ壬һ״̬ĳ֣ڻԨУƽﻥɡ޵Ļ굤ʺֱ꣬գ׳ʶ
VˮһΣ֪ģСطȤŨÿԼһŽĴ׷ЩĻޡ
ԶԶؿβͬ˻īĶ࿴˼ˣмλĺܣʵλǣ
ЦŽ͵λںڵĵӡǶԻԨҲȤһˡλذɣֵܣλ½
ͷǴк
ڵĶţȴʲôŷԷŵſһ̵ķñӣԼı˵ĺӹȻڡųչزڴ²֪ȵĲʱϵĺѾʮλ֮
Щ󣬴굽ʮ겻ȣЩڷģҲ˻
ŵ֪ŭɶĴ˷ڱʣ̹ҲأǱ͵ˣҽ˵ĺӴ˻
ŷ֪ûл·˵Ծˡ
һֱԼĶӲŲʣذΪŵĺӣﲻСЩų۸ֻΪ֣ʮΪҡſӵ̵ķ˼һЩûоһ׵Ρ
ΪֲԼԶ˵ĿǷź޲ýõĶֵܡ
½ɻĶīʹĿ˿ʶ۾ͺһ͵˵īϽѹȭͷһȭһȭĴϡһᣬīİ
īӦ첲˵½һ±һºݣ˫۴ķ顣īҵյ,ץס½ĸ첲˫һǽԼˤԱߡ
½ĵͷīǿϳԿѸٵĴӵ½ϣ˼ȭӡ
оһŤһ𣬺۾Ҳֲ  
ǶżĵӣȻܣȥˣǲں棬ǵļںס֡Աƿŭ  
ĺȽ˷ѿ࣬ϲֱӶ֡ʩ˶ס˫һǣһһߡ  
ī侲ʶԼΪ׵Цӯӯ˵Բλ鷳ˣǲҪ𡣡ǰЦţȷʵŹۣ˲ֱӡ
֪ˣʱô˵һ  
½С˹ųϰݣĺɣſң޹أǱ¡һŹǸСӡ  
ĺûֽǹڶ׼īīǰɣҼסˣӽԺҺڵӼһδһΡ 
īĿ˿½˾䣺Īǵʧķ裿˾ҧ  
½ò壬˵
Ǹĵѣĺɣҵ⿪ӣ޷µԨι߰ôҷſīĺɽͷתΪ⿪ȴǴԱ·˻Ԩ
ĺ߹ĺ콫ֱȥ 
ԣչ˺áīȻֹ  
ذԾĽ½ϣ˻Ԩ  
ԶСϣĿ⣬ϵùĸСİΣûˣ˲佫Ŀŵ˷ϣƤ˵ָ̡
ҡ൭ص
ĺֱ·ԼаɣҲڴŨһ֮ľɫģ壬ͣһ΢ƽĵطīȥǻԨһ㣬ҲǴ̽ĵط 
īĿתתָ˶ٱ̽һιһΣȫȫͶ뵽ٱУĺɺʱߵǰû
һ̧ͷͿޱīĸβ˲¶һΪȽϲЦݣ˫һ˵ȥ  
ڿ˶īĬҪҪҪһֱȥ֪ڵڼ㡣
ڻԨǰ㻹ã޲رǿ󣬻ӦĹҪǵɲö޿ڡ  
ΪԼһֱȥͻȻһֻĺɽŲ彣շУ˫ץµƶ˶٣Ȼµ
īܵԼ½۾к𣬲ǻµյ͸
׹̫Ҵϲȥĺ˵
أ  
īæ˵콫ҵ⿪ֿܷȥ  
ĺſīīյõɷɵУβȣݺݵ׹һغǿάסƽ⣬½ѹɽѹȣƴȫǵֲ׹
пǡѹĺɽϲȥ 
ĺɴЩīһѣԼͬٶȡīһĺɣ̾Ϊںξ磬ȻܽٶȽ͵ֵز 
īʵ  

㣬ǡĻȻֹ˼ԶĪ˵ǵ㣬ǵ㣬ҲǾһ˸ŵŽˣڵ㣬ȥûһ  
޾֮·ĺ˵
īЦ£ǰο


Ц̣5

˲׹䣬ΧĺѾŨ˼£۴ȫǺڰ߳˺ķĺǳǳĺīüΪѾĺϡ
Χ߰Ĳĺɣ˫קҲק
ſ
š
ſüͷšһ
Ųáīֲţﰵ࣬ҲԸ˭ϲƨɣԼ˵ϴգȻҲرϲˡ

µʱ͸Īĺ⣬޿ײ뵽ڣߵһңﶼڷͣбѵƣԽ£ָоԽǿҡΨпĺֲõĸоŻʧĺϡ
ͷ­͸ĺɵļϣǼ⴦źܵϸţȷסĺʵĵѣѬʲô㣬ܺš
˵ţǼ⻹Ĳ˴ա
ĺ彩Ӳ֣
ī֪⻰ʵͻأֵϷҸŮĸо͵ҲǸ˼ֻǾѬĺãʣҪǲԸ˵Ҳ޷
ĺӸӽӲī΢ٵεĳ˳ǣԽԽڣԱտڲ˵Ҫǵĺɣסᱻȥ
ī۾Ȼʹǰڣץĺ·𣬽ĵ·ĲӣʹȴԽԽŨ
ôˣĺʵ
ûʲôī˵
۾ϵʹÿȥҲ죬īĺʪһƬ˵ϣ֪Լ˵ڼԨ˵ϡ
ںʵϲ׹ԭ֮Ҳ˻ϲ
۾֮īһĨϹתǷƾϹ⣬ܿⷽԲ֮龰ļĺҲһզһޱī£æķſ
ĺɣīǰ˻ΣĺĿƽԶǰûпֻǰ֡
ѵֻԿīɲǹʧҲϲ٣۾͸ΧϷʲô
û㽫˵ĺʱͬһϵҲС˵ףҲĺɵĽǳ˲ֵΡ
ϵ̫īֻҡҡλεķɸ߰ױվ˵ɲȥĴŪǵڼ㡣
ĺɻӦ˸ڡ
Χȫǰ͹ƽĵ棬ӿݵĿӶСһǱʲôײγɵģԶһСɽ壬ΧյһƬ
īˮΧΣҪָĺ˵ǰߡ
ܿīɳ
ܣ̽̽鵽Χʮĺɴ
īʱˣôոսĺǰ֪ġ
߽Сɽ壬ɽȷʵСƽɽʮ֮һģĿЩּΪϵ֣īʶЩּʵʲô
֣š㡯ĺ˵
ٱһ𣿾Ȼһ㡣 
ֻ޶ûһΪĻޣһѷīЦûΪԼڵ߲㰦̾ǳ
ͻȻ¡¡ͣСɽ嶶ϣīڵʯͷɽ嶥¶Ѫɫġںڰתתڡ
˵ʲôʲô
ޣɽ徹ֻޡߡīĺתܣôͷĻޣѹûĻޡ֪Ϊʲô뵽߲˾ûгȥģȫ뵽ֻ޵Ķ
˵ٶȲСʮֲϻ޷ľ룬Ǻܿ챻׷ˣӴǰѪɫ۾ˡ
͵ɲסתӴܡĺȴסīĸ첲ϻ˵ҪˣҲӲ
ɵޣְգīʵ
ûС
ǻܣ
~ſѪڳХͻ̣˫Ѫɫ۾кЩ־ԭļצȫ¶˳վڵ϶ʱθ˲١ǿǰצ߻Яǵ֮ѹ
жأī˵ÿܶȥһֱȥҲǰ취
īγſڻ޵ļϣۼҲδ£ûڷ顣
˾һڵȥŻ޵Ĺץסṥ޵岿Ҳᱻּܵͻ̸ֵסôȥǳᱻϿ塣
~˺ް취ŭ˰ӴٶȾȻȸղſһӦЩ
ĺɣעīýס޵ǰצ˳ȥڿгĺɺֻ޴ӸտʼһֱһطǶӽڵϣüҪȴͣ¡
Ƶ޿ĵطīŵ
ĺֱӶϻޣ彣ӵԼʮɵĸ߶ͣס޵߳ƽ
Ī裬ǰ°е̵β͸Ǻһԣʱ׼ǰצ¼лƱҪ
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ٻԼ彣ϡĺභʱⲻ˻¶һ˿϶ὫббĴ˽ȥ̽ȥ˴㱻סˣβ̲ȥ
ޱһʹ˷ŭӴڵϷڣ˶ͷ­ײ棬ûζֹ
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~һצӰڵϣצĺۼֻ۾Ѫ죬βͱ㳯ĺɳ顣
βͲĺ߶ķɳȥһأˤڵϡ
޲ʵĺ˼һźĽӵϷ𣬳ע⸹˶ε˼£һ˵ϡ
ĺɴӵ󣬸æ˻īīģûӰҲûӦ겻ıѣҵҪȥƷ޵壬ѰǸˡ
ȿȡۣôصӺ¡һѹϣҺ󣬶˷϶УûѹīͷĴӻ޵ӵ˳ϵĳʣԹ˵˼䡣
ֻڵºСɽ׳˶ӽãƮɢڿУһĴָĻ굤ڿеתīһС 
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СˣްĺɲɫĽ˿ء
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𶯣Ҳֻܲݲݴһ£ȳȥ˸úôɣī˵
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ĺǰ˼䣬ֹסѪɫʰ쵵ɫڰɫϷĺüͷһ壬ƽĿɨīõīһ飬ջջ
Ż굤ˣ꣬̽̽ķΧҲЩҲīɷ˵Ľ굤ĺǰ½ 
ĺҪóī޹»Ȼ˻һīҲĪİȻܰá  
ҪǾÿǷңһ־Ϳԡī˵ܿ콫תƣܲԴУҪ˿ڲʹˣĵطߣѰ·ô
ļ́žҪߣīæϣʵϢ
á
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á
īƲƲ죬ĵ¿ηΣĬĬĸĺɡ
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ĺɣ۲ۣīͻȻʵôãڿԶмͰСȻǳȥûʲôΪϢṩ˵ط
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Ե㶫ӣȥܳȥī˿͵ĺǰ˻Ρ
ĺŵζƤҲû̧ľܾҪ
ףѲѾٹˣʳ˼̻𣬾񡢾񡤡ŮŮ˵˵ţīأŶЦˣԺĺȲƮƮͷΣ˵ϸӣʵڽ̿
ˣҲЦǡĺɲƵĿ⣬ī죬ǿŲЦ۾¶ŵЦ⡣
ĺɣĺˣܿɽ˯ĻҰҵļ㣬㿿īĺߣ˵
áĺɵ
ôѵܣﻥӦáī˵
áĺɵ
ʱ̣ͱˡҪǲУҲԡīֵ
֪ĺ˵ʲôҲīֽԴԼļϡ꣬˸Ƿʯ˯˹ȥһǳɣĺɾܾá
ī˯ˣ۾ߵˣѣ
ϤϤŤĺɵ͵͵ӦһҪƽʱͳϲ١īƫͷ˿ɫȻãɫĽ͸Ψ˫۾ƽһڳڳ˲״Ħ˼ 
ӣܼܲȥҪȻϢϼաī˵  
īĺһ̬Ľ֡ 
ţôˣī  
һӦÿԳȥĺ֣أ˵ 
žīһĺɵļͷҲ˲ĺ˵˵ʲôôܶһ˲ܣҪȥҲȥ
ȥ˻ҡĺɵӹɡ
ΪҲ֪ҳȥҵ˻ʱһʬˣҪޣҲʣ¡ī˵ЩȻߡ 
Ҫһ顣Ļĺɶ
ú룬˯ᡣĺ¶ƣ̬ī˯ȥ
ī˻תĿ⣬ЦûǱӣ˳۲١  


Ц̣6

ĺһ˯ѱڣڷڣѹһЦȤ˵˯˯Ĳֻǿϧǵīѣһ˽㱳˻۸
أĺɾĬƬ̺ʵ
Լ˯ߡ
ٵΪҲܲǾ뵽㡣ɣƽղ³ç֮ˣôξīĹƻܵ˵㣬ǸԶīıԹ
СԣûīԺɲ벻ͽˡǳ
ոѣˣǲϢˡ˵ţһȺ˷׷׸˳ȥ
īԺ֮оеĿǻ̧̧ƤһӰŹվǰֵ˵ߣ˺˴룬Цеʵĵҵл𣿡
İ߻ûȥЦ鴤ѿ  
ллĺɿûֳһ˳˼
ī۾ȷлˣȷɾĺɣЦ˻ллӦõġ
ĺ۾Բ
īζ̾˿Ϊĺɱ˸أԭǰȤʵ㲻֪ôģΪβ˵ʵҪѳڵ㡣
ںһ⣬ī˵ʵ֪ǻŴӻԨȻ󲻶ϱ׷ʸ⣻ǰһ⡤
롣ĺɻشĸɾ
īüڴϣ֮֮С
ĺɡīƬ̺е
ôĺʵ
⡣
˵
ǲǶԵҪȥڣҲƭǻ͵һ¹ڻ

㡤ˣҲʲôҪ¡

˼̵ĶԻĺɳĬ޼ա
ĺɣҼÿһ
ĺɴķߺīֱűͷ˯ȥ󣬵ڵǼͻȥˡ
ȥԨļڣ˴͵͵Ľ뵽ϪǴٽͬһʱ䣬˴ϪںϿȴڴ޲٣ܿ콫˸˳Ͽȴûôõһʱ䱻ռ죬ԴԴϵ˴ﵽϪ
̶̼գϪĻ̻̣СһƬףͨ˶ڼﲻҳǷ׷ͬභ
ī˳һξ룬˲ʮ͵޵Ĵ򶷣ЩԱЩɫһޱѿлҲתߣīֵ
޷ǾǡΪӢۣˣǣϪǸԲǵ壬ôٽϪǸ˾ôȥԼҪ˱ˣһˡ
ָĽīǣ¶һƿ޷Цı飬ǰߡֻʣһˣ뿪һ£ϵVµͨӣȫʧ٣鲻˿֪Ϊ
˶ڱ˵ǱīǣҲҳīصһ˵ң֪ȥ̽˵䣬һ
һ·ȥīż־µޣ˵Լ֣ߵĺܿ졣
δߵפ֮ر֣廨Ľ͵˵ǰʱһֿīҪйͷ֮ޡ
壬սĶŪڴǸī΢΢һЦϱɶϻڵϡΪ뱻ס˭ҲκβûǿӲĴѡסͽˣǲ뽫ϵ
ģ˭壬СӱΪҾͻŹ㣬ҪˡϱĵļƤһأƢ˲
ī㲻ʶˣСʱ㻹أīƽ͵˵ɫͫ׽תɫͷҲɫ
ϱˣϽɵȥɵʵƾʲô㣬Ǳðֶô졣
˵Ųţŷ˵ǵˣҲֻм֪ǻиīϷۣ峤һӵе
īӻһī֣㿴
⡢⣬ǷġҵõҵľҲʽϿӯī˵ģīĿ
ǸոҶ³ç֡ЩҲסЩֱɵĻīһͨ
ûʲôīЦЦ
ģʮô˵壬ǲĺãڳ˴ӡϰ̾˵ڵֹۣҲᶯ˴Ѱī
زˡҲȥĵ·żȻ֮±ī˵
ڻҲ٣١īʱЩнҪЩôʳ־ԼԽ
壬ûнץ֮ˣ֪ûץǡī˵ʱЩС
˵Vһҡҵ˵£治ģǲм͵֮¡˵
ŶīЩʧVΪͣ⻹˭ô壬˵ʧپʧ١
꣬иҲӦõģҪҽ˰ѰҡԸΪҺˬ
ˡϪڵΪѰɳȥİɣīʵ
ǡǰԲ춯ǱŪǸָϪȻѾҵ㣬ھ˳ˡ˵
áī
һ壬Щϼһһǳˣȥʮˣˡϲüң˵˵
壬һ£²ܸȥʱȥġī˵
ԣҲܴȥЩϼһûꡣҪѰҵĻҿȥҡЩżϪΪҵī˸ȥ˵ȥ
ڵ޵ĵˣкܶĲףΪ˲𲻱Ҫ鷳ǲˣԼҾͿԡī˵
϶Լ˺͵޲죬ӺףӦī£ΪûΣգ費Ҫ㡣
ϸ˵Ĺͷʲô¶ҪīҪá
˫ޡīЦ֣һһף׷Ϸ
˻~ϵ˿㾹Ȼ֮͵֮һûκ⡣ããһ֣οī
ʱûг⣬ȥҲ޷֤һһкһͣġī˵
ԱҲˣȥһҪЩϼһ˵˵Ҳֺֺǡϸ˵ſЦ
īЦȽĵޣīͦϲֱˬ˵ӡ
Ϫڵ˽һ֮˸ɸɾϿȴҲӪǵ塣ȣ޻ΪʼʩǷɾ裬˳״Ϫʧȷ뿪ˡ 
һͨĶңɫͨΣ·Ʈϸϸ˿īŢ·մʪЬӵıԵ߽һҲݣĿڵתתһͦεӰϣŴ΢΢һЦ
ӵĶ棬īͷϵĶҷֲ࣬ʵ֪λӿɷһȲ裬ůůӡ
ĺɫǳϲ衣
СϺһһڵĲīǰ
һûһڵĺűв裬ܿͼ˵ס
ɣĺɳĬ˵
ɣ㡣ī
ĺ޶ԵλϣûʲôʾĿȴЩ¶ȡ
ĵѣðһ䣬֪ȥڵĻīĺɿЦⲻŨ

ǺãҸȥ˵ڣʱɱֻ鷳īЦ˵á
ᡣ
ҵҵˣ
ûУûһϢҸæǵԣܲ̽ǵ䡣ī˵ɫƣһͣѰңҲ
ԹԵĨȥˡĺ˵
ллˡīչһЦѵĺʱԸ׷ҵ䡣
ͻȻһ磬Ӵд˽һֽӽбīڵϣ˿ЦŽĿת⣬˵߰ɣ
ֽ˳֮ƮڵϡֽīĻ沼Ľӡӡīſϡ
洫ĹȻû˭ǵīĻ񶼻ڽŵʹĲһȡ


Ц̣7

һڵӱˣĺɾȻ˻ˣ˻ʶģɫŹֵĻ˭Ҳû˵ĬĬĿʰ׶ϡ
ǶʲôԽԽķµĵӺɢɫƵĿīͲдﲻӭ㡣
Ϊʲô㲻ǲ֪ڵж಻ͲϪЩǨŭ𣿡˵
޹ӭҴȥĵطĺ˵
΢΢̾˿ĺֻҪһī±ִţ˵Ҳ˵ãǲκ˴񵱳ī츳ӲҪֲ˰ֺãͽͱˣתֵҪʾͬǲ˵
ĺҲ֪ôӵ˵ģ֮ǴӦˣֻīԼӵݽ˵ڣҪΪĵӣҪԼŬ
īӵ⣬ûܸãŸžͿԡӵĴҪȲͨĵӺϲ٣ǵò˷׷װԹԼôûīǰˣڵĴŽ鲻û̫ҵѡ
ڵ˽ţīһոһյѰǵ䡣ڼ䣬īͬԵĹϵ˲٣˾ѰˣǺѵĺɽӴ١
īĺ˵϶ᣬֻǶֲ䲻Ϊϲÿͬ˵ܵõһĻӦõˣö֮ҲûȤ
īѰʱ˵ϪڼҵˣҴææĻϪյϪϪƽڵĵӸɫأϸŲϪˡ
īڶнܼʱʵϪֳˣô̲ôϸ񡣡
ôʲôߡڵīһѡ
ϪһʱѾָҲĿ־֣߳Ψһɷ羰ľЩŽȥĵޡ
ڷʲô£ôôޡī߽һҲҪ˱裬ݸСһӣʵ
ʲô£ڹѺһҪ˳ǵȻҪץˡСüЦ˵
֪ķˣֵ󶯸ɸꡣīʵ
֪ͦҪˡСҡҡͷ
īûлɴӳǸ˾ҵˣ뷨ֺͬһѿԺл֮ȥ
Ҫ˵ϢĽһ˶ٵļŪûЩ⻹˭ЩѰҶעЩŵĶ򣬿ϧȴްϢðͷ֪ڵµһ壬ڲɵң̲סһ
ҹīĵķΧǽ뵽ڣһһѲĵӣ뵽֮ڡ֮ǰڣԲٵطϤڹѺ˵ĵطصˡ
īѰһȦûҵҵˣѵĲڸɵģߵĵֻˣīò˹Ѻ˵ĵط
ߡһһڵŮӵĺ죬Ů̱ڵϣʶġ֮һѪۡ
ܰܰVȻб°ӳȥôԼأӶݺݵ
˵䣬ϽͻصΣʽҪʼˡ˵ǵӴīӡ
īѭ˹ĿѣŮӲˣѰѾõˮˮˮ
ʣһ֮ӹǻδӦͱϺ浹ڵϣѪҺӿ
īæܵˮǰһˮˮѣī硣
ˮ˿īɵסһתѣ˺۾īī硣
ˮˮȲҪ˵Ҹ˵ĺ𣿡īֽţæ˵ܵһĴˮʧ
ˣҿ첻ˡī磬޸ʦ֡չһӣ֪ûˣܴչ𣿡ˮ϶˵
ܡҪչҲԼչˣչ˲ġˮˮҪ£ⲻŹҵġīĶĺֱµҪˮڹ䡣
ǰǿҲ޼ƿʩ
ˡ׺͸ǱߵĵΣȥǡˮŵһīУı۾
ˮˮ
ܵˮȥ£ī·صǰｫһ˶ڽϣӦҪһȥֻʣһˣһķ·ˮнţϢܡ
ɫâһһף࣬첲ֵϰϷڵĵӱīˮˮ׷
ɫΪϣԣˮīƽ˳ˮָķһ߹ȥӵΧΧһȺӡ
ЩӱīסֻΧ룬һʱ䲻ߵĹ
һƻݣʯǽΧЩӣīתҵ¶ͨεڣʩʩȻ˽ȥ
īг֮ˣ˵ЩҵĵҴܰϵĵӣͨһĵ¹㳡һ۾Ϳڸ̨⡣
һ޴ˮأѪɫҺ壬ݷƮŵѪζþѪ̨ͽˮص룬ʮ߼
¹㳡Ͼۼ˲ˣͳһķΣڵˡϹһ󷨣󷨵۾Ǹ̨źͲٳ֮⣬һ£ϸϸ۲ͻ֣ᷢüľۼź
⣡īߵѪرԵѪеѪҺĸٵתγһУһֻѪɫѪðͷ̰Ķī̵ֶǰ㽫īѪĴذߡ
Ѫ˲ѪҺīϣմѪҺ·˲䱻ʴãСƤ䵽ѪҺÿۡЩѪҺԹص˵ѪҺɡ
īƿնһһֻͬѪභīϴ󲿷ֵΪѹѪ沢ǶѣΨһ鷳ѪѪˮɣɢֻ۳
Ծ̨ϣīѪɫߡ
̽̽ıϢãϢеĴʯأī˱ϡ̨֮Ǻɫķɻңʱ˲٣ϡ
Сôˣߣ㲻ǵĶ֡۾һ죬æߴī뿪
ʦأǲǱطīʵ
ǡǣĽ¡ҧȦ졣
Щɻңôܣôܣ
ʲôʦīƲסĲ˵
ˣҵǱѪҺ˷ɻңƬ̳ϡˣֻʣҡſǻīļϣһЩΪٸһЩͲ
īûˣȴһ˿Ѫ˫ԶЩ˾񿴴һ㡣
⣬ץңҴǡؼҡīòһԼ־Ƶ˵Щɻһ㲻յٱУպá
šӦ
ܸܵ˵ͷ߿һ˵ѪҧѪҧǧٿףֻѪˮѪС
죡ܷǳȥںѪī֮ûʱ֪Ͻ˽ڷס
ˣġһϿī˫ɫָ
˴ǲ죬ȴԽǼ˷ܡ
Σһ׽û˼īȻ֪ҵĵӣֻˡ
īĿ֮ϣһаˣһţȻаݽ棬¾һ˾Ϊ
ǣ
īٿѹڵȫ
ϵīΪǵĹ䣬ǰЩʱڻԨ±ײӡͷųڴΪϧƿأټΪȻֲֺôŶԺһ·磬ȥԶһ
⡣ͷһƲҲòᣬɫѾࡣ
С߰ɣһ棬Һܿġʵǽҵ˴룬ҳȥҲȲң㲻ùˡ˵
ǰ˵īϢҡ
ǲǸѪ
īֻٻǱ⣬ԼһȥѪѰ꣬һνѪī׽Ʈɢһ˿ꡣ
µûѪڣѪѪһΣͶһ֡ڵվһ˵
һץڴ͸ֶץס
סҲҪīٻֻɫѪзڽѪأʹ
ѪеѪҺиʴԣֱȥ֪жʹ࣬īһ壬еʹ󶼻ϡ
ѪеһͨңסͷųīͺѪϣЩݳһռ겻ԭȵ֮һ϶Ѿ鿪ƴƴһ顣
Ųϳ赲īռֹ꣬ϲҪô˹ȥҪôӲĿȥ
ɫƳѪأСһȦʱɢĿܣīɫٻڣɫ԰׵ͬˡ
ҪؼҵīĴɭϵ˳ȥһţһһĵץߵīˡ
û⣬ī˻Ĳݴҡ׻˵úãΣյĵطȫĵط
źڣīҲҵƣƽڵϣӰٱȡ꣬Ųȱȫưܲ꣬īģã䵽˵ز 
ֻʣлֻ꣬صĻǱīס䡣Ҳֻ䣬زڣʱ֮¸÷һѿݹǣʱ㽫ռȫû壬ˡ


Ц̣8

īˮͷɻһ𣬾Һһ羰ĵط˿ĹҶ֡
Ӵ֮ҡ˾һ壬һҹ֮ɻ
ҲˣȻ֮ᷭ츲أҲǰһ컹ƣһܲ˭Ҳ²ϲ͸ī޳ҵԼϣǰС
һаٺãīµĻ˵ڣܹ˵ѯʣҵ˵Ϣһͷ˵ڵĲѰܹķһձһսꡣ
ά壬ⲻջãֲҵȻϣ
ʲô취Ա˵īƣĴӲ߳Ѱʵñ˶ЩҲ֪ 
úõôʵ
ڲڿ鿴ˣЩ档ī
֪ĵûַҲֻʥдܱ岻
𣿡ī۾лҴҵ뿪
ƾ赥ϸƣ˳ҵפأסһ󣬼˴ҴҸĵϣм׷ԲԵͬС
һīҪд񣬱ۼֹֿסֱӿżɽʵʥǲб岻ĹЧ
¶ԥСǸطֻ峤Խ룬ǲܽ롣ǣ¶и⣬ϼ̳峤֮λҪκ˽ȥȻûȨš
ī׹Ǳƹ̳峤֮λ
ӦϵһˣٳûлȥǵȵĲͷ³ļ̳峤֮λԴвȥ
壬ҷҪ˽ȥô죿īʵ
ǾͲҪ·ϡϿӲ
̳峤֮λֻްΣ룬嶼ĵǲǺεȷ⡣ң̳峤֮λҲɣҪڵ޵̴Ҳ棬ʥ֮ɽ룬˭ȥԡһЦջī
粻Ҳ⣬ֻҪʥؿԽһֺáҴӦīǰֻһ·Ҫ⣬ѡ
īִӵʧ˽¡
µʱī˰ǿм̳峤֮λʵȨ峤뵽ʥ֮ڣ˵ڡ
īһֱڲһ飬һΪ飬һԾȻ⡣һһյȥڵ˴룬󷨶ڲ֪ѧˣȻûҵҪ
ڼ䣬ԽԽƵīѰʲôҪѰңûӦ
ī⼸ôˣҲȥѰҵˣմڲоʲô˵Ҳܰ㡣Աۿϣۿīһһ鷭ȥ
һ˷ǳǳϲ㣬ϲ𣿻Ը𣿡īͣĿƵĶ
ԱͷƤ飬дԾо֮ʡϲ㣬ϲ𣿡Ļ̽С̬ȣȻߵһ
зκˣһɴ۾īⲻǡﰮĽ֮ɣǿɡӣôܡǿװ򶨵˵ҴûҲᶯ룬ĪҪˡ
īģˮһζҪԣ˲һҲҪܼǵһλŮĽҪ࣬ԣ˵ʱɼ㲻飬ȴҲֹ˱˲㶯飬ǲǣһϿġ
ûšԵ
ѵˣīʵ
ǣǡ֮ī罫ǲе˼ͷۣúīֱǼͬѼ
ʲô˼īʵ
㡢ˡ߳ŭôܵī潫Լ˼
֪Ϊ˾ô˵˺Ϳһ죬峿ǵ㡣ÿڸƣıűڵϣɤӸɬû˵һ仰
ԣ
ī
ͬĽеͬʱתͷ⧲˱ǼűǼ⣬ĿԡԿīǳ۾ļ˽ࡣ
˵ī˵
룬ǿԡԵЩ˿ĭ˵
ʲôīԡ
һɣԴһȡ
˵ʲôī䣬һֱں˵ˮ£ôͻǣԼϡӦˮҪչԣĲ֪չȴһһˣʵһ𣿡
ᡣԿ϶˵
īϡͿȷѷѡĹϵ
īǽͷԽûؾͿǽµһӰڿһᣬˤڵϣһʦ֣վǽ¸ʲôһ
Ϊηǽĺʵ
£Ҫȥīƹĺ˵
ī֪ԣīĸ첲ˡ
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ΧһƬᣬ¹īվ£һ飬Ѱ˶յġ⻹Ӳڷҳġ
еĴʯ£оˡ
Ե˺ɽ㿴īվ£ϸ¹ļͷʹûоǰ
ˣī£̧ͷ۾Ц
šԱЦһֳϣͷ£˺֯һеĶˮС
Ľյīǰ촽ǰһƬ鲻ԽͷĵطһϺ㣬Ŵ̲סҪ̽ȥ
īȲü¶ЦֹԵĲϣǰ˴գͷ
ڸʲôһŭƽؾ˶ը졣
Աһ촽ֿʱڵĵϢˣҺɽֵطһ㲻Żѡī棬ôͻȻͻأ
īŲܲԶһˣ˫ۻԵĲӣЦˣ±˷֣
üī˫֣عͷ˭ҪһҪ
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ʦԹԹԵӵ˵Ļȥˡӵ˿δмһˡ
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ĺֹʲôҲû˵
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ھȻ㶪˵£µĻصĵ֮һ
ӵ˱Ͳϲīˣڣֻĺ˵飬ΪѵĴӦСĺû˵Ҫʲôû˭˵ûѵ飬ôþܾ
˭֪˭֪ôһ˾Ȼͷϣôܲ޲ɱīϾԵǵ㲻е롣
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˵գֻ£м۶ϣīǰ
īŶΪصĳþûж˫ֲŽƴһȴôҲòѽVΨһŽѽ⣬ӽҡ
ţǴ治֮£ǴӺζģѵǴʯͷбĳġīĿӵЦ
㣡ӵ˾ҲĻ
ô˵һ𱾾Υǵѵһţô赲֮·һ˵
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ԣ֪֪ͷǰѭѭգ¶һͰס
£޹ҧҧ˵
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ϣȻߡǱ̶ʮˡī˵
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Ҳһ˺ΪҴӦˮˮ
Աְ˽ŵİסˡ
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ƤƶɣĲẉ̂ϣ㲻һƤƤµҲᱻõġʮ£ѹڳ˶īһ
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ĺɲӦѪ߰ߵıӡ
ĺƹܵڵĽɣִ֪ޣҲǰͬ˵Щ
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ʮȥīĺѪģЩط¶˹ͷϲһ˿Ѫɫڵſһ󣬾ΡΡִӵ쳯ĺЦо֮ɫһ롣
֪ʣµĶʮôģ֮Ѿû֪˫ȶֱǸʹԺзڣϵΪʧ˴롣
ſڵֽǰ۶ϵĽ뽣ʣŽָķףȻûиоգԣʵԣԸߣ뿪ڡ
ǿӲ̬ʱԥԥĲ𻰣ҡ룬ҵĵطҲܡ
֪ˡīĻҵһЦ۾룬˵صѣڡ
ΪֵزҲ㲻ˮУ御
Ѿˣվֻſڱĵϡ
صƤ۾û֪»ᱻڵĵӳɽͷĽҰģû˹ʵ᲻ôˣˣô죿  
µûȥӵ˾ͽеӽ̧ӳ˵ڣû飬ӵǸģ֪ģԼһ鷳
ƽƽһҴҶ°ֲһע˲ƽڲƽ֮ȴǧٿ׵˺ۡīǺߡ
ڵӶ˽Ҳ˵ΪΣͽ˾ͦģǰīûˣò׵ڿȴֱ˳ȥ޿
īͱڵɽţС꣬Ѫˮˮ˿ݣŵĵӿǸĲ̣ĿͶǸȴûһԸŲء
һ죬īſԭһ֪ĻΪˣΨԼ֪ʶڽѣϵ˿ϡ
ֱĳ죬³һѪˮͷŤ˸򣬼Ŀ嶯ãþ 
ڵĵӾķɽŵīʧˡ
һ֮ī˵ʧֶߣ˻ó֤ݣ֤ҾУ˼塣
īǴ˼һ㣬ҲˣȻ޶֤ö֮˵ʧ㱻ʵˡ  


ѺƤ1

ī۾ָԭ״ָİײ۾ϣȺһţܲúܺõͬ顣ʱ񽧵УкΪָ·
޴һʱ̽ˣһ·ߵУ
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̫߳ˣĺɾȻĵ£īȵģ仰˵Ȼˡ
ĺø첲ī룬Ū·ǰȥȻͬīīòĺɳ˹ϵ׷Źһ·ϲ˵һ顣
ڲŽٵɽУڷ֮ΪַĵطÿնвĽվſհһ
īͻ켣ЩУźſڼżεȺŤͷ˿ԵĺɣҪȺＷһ䵭ƮƮ˼һС龰붼ֲ
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ϰ˵ӦſջԺﺰкˡ
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ô֪ĺɻ׹нأīЦеһףӾ;ϡ
˵ôһ·ϷҪͬУԭֻ˳·ѣ֮ⲻھơī˵⻰ʱЦⲻ۵ףЩ⣬Ҳ֪ʲô
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ĺۣü⡣ȷʵȥҲȷʵûī֪
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С˶̣ˣһƣǸո̺õģīС˷£ŰЦ˵:ȥллϰľơ
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Ҳȥˣպһͬȥλ׹硣ī¿ӣ˱ˮɤӣʵʦ֣Һòã
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á
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ĺΪʱһ˿ů⣬ǹҵڡ
ĺŶʱֻīһڴϡ
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ˣ˯ɣĺɽʱһ⣬Ǹ·īһ֪ܵȥ£ڣͷ˯ȥ
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װܴ󷽣ҲĴ󷽲ﻹӦĽ
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ǲ
ᡣ
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ѺƤ2

īӴԾ˳ȥȻ޴ѾһŰǰ½һصڣҿûȥڣҪȻ½ӭײϣǲŽͷʹ
ǰųĺɺŸϣ粽룬̫ѨͻͻţȻǺĺɰֲϡ
ҪҲ㣬ôӦҼ£ʲôʲôȨ֪īᱧűվ·˵

ðɣī̾˿ǰܸĺˡ
캢ƵĺСŤ˹գȻһȽܵпͰһסˣ˵ڣ㻹Ǳȥĺá
͵޵ĴսУɱķֻ಻٣һɱĺɵʦֵܣⲻҪȰסԻǴԤĺá
ҺûжԹġĺɿ͸˼˵
𣿡īһЦˡ
ĶñժɫӲ԰ףӡһĨ죬תƣʱʱ˵ϼ䣬˿ȥкá
ʦī˵Ľһһܳߵĺɣηͷϲհˣš
īͷԽżߵߣִļ򴦣˿˿Ƶ˳ֽ뵽ڡ
СúķΪû¡һ˵
ôˣīʵ
½ȥû˵Щˡʹüۣ˵
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С½Ϊ֮ϣҲӦãǧҪΪȥͻֵ֪ˣæȥī֡
ᣬİɣīЦŰȥһʱ̻ǲҪٳҵĵӣӦòΪѡ
ҲڵʱҪĻ
ʦĲܸߡҲ˵ʦ岻ãֻʦͽܣһΪʦΪҲܲʦչˡЩίò׼ʦû˵ϼ仰Ҫֱ
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ԲţƳƳĺɣС˵ʱʦ᲻ûȥ
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Сô࣬Ϊ˱ҲãĺҲá֮ҪСġУ磬Ƕ㲻ᰲʲôġڵīһҧʮ¾֮õⲻκˣī
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Ԫ
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׵İͽܵ׹ùãյǰ׼ҷģѲãֻ
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ҾǸʵѡϧīǸħͷˡ
ûǻ½šԭںڣҪǺ½Žףǲϼס
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ǲ֣֣Լ˭ԣҪǸСӲʶôѹһȢ㡣ͷǿЦ˳Űëۡ
ǣ֡ƺһתš
Ǽ˭ʺһȺǧͷߴߴۣࡣ

һ£һӣüݾ£֮·һɷ硣
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ϣùãҿΪáʦҪǲУ˵˵˭УҸȥ˵֮尧
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СӣЦŻΪһȥ
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׼֮̾Ϣ
Уȥ͹ù˵֮׷Űȥ
֮񻺻¶һ΢Цͻ𼱻ǵĻô³çҪԴ


ѺƤ3

īҪû۾һŰۣǰôˣвٶǺʶϵõģһʣƫƫдĺɣ˴ٷ羰õĵطǾĲ
ӲĲм䣬һ·һ仰Ҳ˵Ҳл˵ڡ
īµĿ˰죬һӣΪˬ˵īΥָ̡
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ҲûѺõ̬ȣЦŵͬ㻹ЩԨԴꡭ
õĺܣûʲô⣬׹㲻öǡĺͻȻ˰
Ŷ֮䡭ðʧˡҲŭĿϴתζЦš
ʦ֣ҿڿˣ֪вˮԺȣҪȻҹȥ۾ã·īһ˵̸
īĺɽ֣䵭īȴ֪ˡ
ʦ֣Ҫǲ룬Ҿͷ׹ˡīΪЦеģȴ͸һƵóѵĵ⡣
Ҳͨ͸֮ˣȻ²͸֮ʲôգȴ֪֮Ų֪ܣ˵ǰͤ汸Ųˮ
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ڽĺɵĵط裬īЦеĶűӵ͵ĺǰ̬ڣȵӹӣԼһȵͱһߡ
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һ˲μҵ磬˵ȥҰ׼ҵ飬ҪǿĺɵҸܻӭЦĽҴ
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ѺƤ4

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ʦ֣ҿڿˡ
һˮ͵ߡ
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ĺɲһʡ
īһӣ֪ҳһƨɵһ棬Ժɹ̫
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˭īΪľܾ֮⣬ΨΪڿޡ
ˣղμ˶Ҫ۰׼ãù÷ѡӦþͻ֮˵ľЩͬī
ֻǳںīûлȥð֮Ϊһ䷿ǿĴջһҹڴϷȥҲ˯ţ֮ʲԺ˻ᡣ
ܸоﲻȴ˵ΧĿڴƤĪĻԾ²޶ȣ˷䣬ʶӿ׼ȻǸ׼ңδкβף֡
ճʱڶĿ⣬ۿ˼иǳĺɳڰ׼ұֳɫͱ˺ǿЦĹϵϲϣȫǿλ峤ƤĸŲάȥ
īڰ׼ãĪҪ췭ظ
û˳˵Ŀ⿴˹ȥīǸһĨЦ⣬˹ȥīӣּˡ
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ûɪһ£漴ָԭ״Ǻڵִˡ
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żִǽһӵĴڣݼΪ⣬Ϊ£żҲ㲻սֻΪ̵Ӳʶ·ˡ
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ѺƤ5

ʱһɷ磬˵ĿȥǼٴμԻþޣǱò޶Ƕһ޶ʡ
ûȻҲⲻ˿תתζЦһ£أ˽˵׹ﲻһģû˻
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ī˵Ĺ죬ûӣڷڱǼţܵҩζü΢΢ҩζôҲڸǲסѪζ
ʲô
ĺɽŶĿܿ첶׽īȻҲһĻȴֻͣƬ̣ѵˮ
ûԼɫͨҪק˵ûʲôſ
һһ֮侪˲ˣΧ˷׷¶ɫλ峤ôߵҪϷǳ಻ĶŹ֮Ȼء
ô˵ģīţ׷ʡ
ҡûˡû˵
īҰ׼ʲô֡һǳ⣬ֱὣûϣֿˣһ¶ŭ
׹ͬù֮ͬ޹ءīü˵ͬĻֱ˻
Ƣ˵һְڱϣҪӱޣ뵽ԼѹסƢԣŤͷûѵʵû°ɣûж
ûҡҡͷ˵īӶҲ㲻ҪΪġҪһҪ桢ģϡ
Ͼߣڵһӣһ׺۸֣ŭ:ԣҾҪһ𡣡
û촽ѪɫȥҰײҰ׵ŰΨһ˫Ŀŷ񣬡㣬ҲҪһ𡣡
ʳ˵ڰϣڵأӣ¶ĸ첲ɫѪ߰ߣ۴֮¶һѪɫĲ沼ɫ·һǲǴļ򴦳ģĸ첲ϡ
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ֻǲһ𡣡ûͺ
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һȥûЩƲסлᦣҪлѹڣȴǱѿлԶԶķɵС
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ˡī˵
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ĺɵ彣һˮϵֵסԣչ·߲ʵĹâ˼κ֪򲻿㲻ùΪĥϡ
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˵ϵƶ˶˵û£ƿϽǾȳҲֻǾȳǵǵлС
ĺɵĿһ㲻棬صȴġ
̾˿лһΪн磬רŹѺĵطֻҪüԦлᦾܽǷų
׼峤ЦĿһīǸлᦵҲڻн硣
洭˿˵ȻܼԦлᦣлܴأĻнͲܿƣҲܷǳ治ܿƵȴԴͻƣףܲƽȫԼ컯ˡ
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죬˭Ҳﲻǡ˵ΡΡڱ˵ķ»ȥˡ
š׼Ҽĺɡ
ţ֪ĺɵͷӦ
Ͱ׼ҼһǺް취ܹܴڶ
ƿϵһ̣ؼûңðƽлᦱѹˡ
ûڰ׼ȫĵطκ˲ÿ
īĺɴߣ˵ڡ


ѺƤ6

īһ½磬ֻ֪磬ȴԸУһԹߣһһξݣأȴǸˣЩ˶ʻģʵڵġ
īǿҵĹߴ̼۾Ӧ˺ðŻ۾˿ڻне꣬кⶼӰ쵽꣬ɵֳ۾
ΧһȦɫһ޼ʣǻԨ
벻Ȼ֪˴λ˭īЦЦ
ӳͰķӣīξеīϣ۾룬һʱ䲻֪Լεʲôʱļв

īӵڳԨϽ˼䷿ӣס飬նҪȥԨԻ꣬ǹ⿿ԻĻ굤ܽǲȱȫ޸óԼһֵ꣬лꡣ
һīȥͨ˲Ӧ͸оҪȱ˳࣬Ҳ½
ƫƫĺ˹ĺɫʱ֣īݲݽ˶⣬ڴ׼˯һͻ
īţĿվˣ췴Ӧóʱſ˵:ĺɣףҼңô˹ӦٶЩ߼С
ĺɲվſڲ۾Ŀ
īҲһգգණԺ֪˭ˣ鲻䲻Ĳ˵:ɣ
ĺɸӡӲʰĻɾһӣ滹ǰһ㣬īϲ֣ķҡҷǽϹһѽǱӵ۶ϵĽ
ĺɴСҲųʮָǲմˮզһͨͨķЩϰߣûм򣬵õҲҹ飬ûֻһϯӵĴ
īóʹĲ˲˵:ǰƣԣϲҲ
ĺû
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һˡ
š
Ϊβȥ
ҵļңҲȥоЩ̿֡
أ
ЩңĵطҪɾ࣬Сְ᲻Ӧץ޽ãһоͻġīشţͷβ˵ָָڴڲһڴͭһС걻һǳǿ棬ÿﶼüЦ
ԣԣӦûҵġī˵ü¶Щϲ⡣
ĺŤͷīЩĿ⣬ȻһͣµԼ꣬һʱ޻˵
īΨһһŵøĺɣԼûطԭվ˻̵ڴϣͷ
ĺɣҪ˯ˣջҪأֻһŴԸ⽫øĺɣһʡ
˯ҡ
Ŷīæ±۾˯ĺɷں
ڶգīһˣƫͷŶǰһҹĺɣɻǺʱⷿģһ󼱴ٵ
СšڵİӺ㰮Եĸ㡣һŮ
ˡī˼ĺɣȥš
һλ˴Ů߽ſﻹŸˣڵĻ˻ȥ⿴Ǹͽ
īóһӺ͸㣬أţлл
˴ӿĺɵгƽ⣬н˵:һҲףҶտҲӦõģҪǶӾͻزˡ
īȹ˵ĶӣһֱϣÿնЩʳ
λƵĹʲôˣ˻ѡīʵ
īŰӣ˵:Ů
ļ́ۿ˿ī
С˻֣ú˵˳ûа֮⡣
ǡī˵
лЩʱնչˡĺɹĹҾ
û£û¡Ѱɣ˻ֵ̿֡
šĺɵ
⺢ͦõģ˵ˣ̫⣬ҪչͶչЩˡʰöˡ
Բԣ̶̵ĹīѾӣмȥơ
ٳЩҪȻӻᷢͣԺԶʱҪ˵Ǻĺɺǵһκī˵ô໰ϸϸ
ī˵ʲôϲ˲ббͷҪš
¡ĺɿסī󣬽˻
ôīɻĿ
ĺɽͷɢһͷļáƽӶԼ¸ֵ
óӽ˫ֺǲ˲
ǰīͦɾġ
īǰţĺɱںĸšͻȻīͣת˵:㲻ҪٸˣҪȥĻԨΣգȥɣ
ĺɲȻš
ī˻Ԩһµ˵Ĳ㣬ʱȻðһһϢЩ·Ӽһ˱ᣬҽ
īקĺɵ˵:ҽЩЩҿңЩ޸һҾܡ
˵⻰ʱЩͦͦء
ĺɡšһ
īۼһĻУ󿪴ϣֱַĻһǱ󱬣Ļ굤һһæһ죬ջ񵽶ʮŻ굤ϲ̵ıЩ굤Сݡ
īʮŻ굤ӽͭĿЩ굤ոɾӽȥţ˵:⣬ҪЩ
ڵૣҪκ˵Ļش
ȵջ񵽵Ļ굤ιīӴЩˮĺǰ:ϴһϴϢҷһĴ
ĺīˮϴ
̧ͷ󿴵īȻϻһľͰðװŴͰڵˮ
ĺɶͷԭīϴΪϴ裬ҸˮԼȴõˮ
īǱóմٶۣҪʱҪۡ
ĺͶĿ⣬īһȻ̵ĵѵ£̵ľͰȫڵĺɵ¡
ӣĺؿһ֪ɿȴ̧ЩҴƳīݺύ˺ۣ˺Ѿ裬ȥڱϵ򼣬ɲ
Ͳ໰ĺɼ״ԣЩ˾µģҪһ۲ۣǽˡ
īϴĿ죬ܿˮ·ͷͿĺɶĺ󱳿˵ʺãЩʱջã̡
˱ӹ棬ֽͭ뻳УͷڱУ۾
ĺƽ۾˯ȥֽŹء
īѳǾ壬ĿĺϣüȻĺɣԭʥ˰꣬벻ȴڻԨİ꣬ȷʵ굤Чܺá
תָϡ
ڶոˣδԼҰ˺ͷī̻ʵʱ򣬸ڵĶһ飬Ҫ첹·ʱ˹ȥֻ˵ãңҲ
εĵͷĵʰ뿪ˡ
ÿնĺʵ
īͷ
Ժ鷳˼ˣѱٹȣֺαسЩĺɵ˵
īǱ˲ȵβƵģżı⣬ȴ˿ǣĺɣ㲻֪ԲůζСʳǣʳҸˣԲûУ׳԰׺ȣǮ  
ĺ˼Ӧ֪ˡͷűеˮֻ־ûѿغãӲĽ豭һ϶ˮ˳űŪʪ֡
ī˼άңͣڲͬʱԼǵСʱͷļжӡ
˴δīʳҲδϹÿնĺɸ  


ѺƤ7

ĺԴסº󣬴δ뿪īԭȵĲӭתΪĮӣϰߵĺһԲĸʱ˶ܴ۵С۵ϰա
ԭȻֱĺʧ˽գīź֪ܾЩʲôڣÿտгĸ㣬ԽԽζ
⼸ǺŴӻԨﱧźܶĻ굤ĲϻȥȥҲֻͰˣֲ˵ĺɳĬĬżӦһ
ԶԶؿСڵƻͨһɻڲǺڵԺһĴ˽ȥĺɣˣ
šĺӦ
īĻһĺɣ˫˫ŻסϲĽĲϲ䣬˵˵ˣ֪ȥҲ
ֺܿµĸоϰ߳ΪճʱͻȻϵϰߣ޴ġ
ĺɲ֪λӦͻȻ飬Ӳԭأȵī̯ƣ˵á
һɢŰ׹ӣͣ۴ȥ⻬īƣʵʲô
ĺ˵ꡣУܰЩ겹ȫ
īȵĿӣôһССӾܰ겹ȫӿٵߵߣӴͭɫӷ˽ȥ
ӺܿںϵУ͵Ĺ߰꣬īܵڷһ˲Ծ
˵ֿ˿ͭƻԭ۳ĺЦĺɣ
ĺ߽˸һ۵ľ룬īüǰӣͳңϲķʽǡ
˫͵ĺ͵һڣֺǺǵĽŵҰãϲ㡣
ĺ겻ıЩӲһʱ䲻֪αʾ֪ī׵ֻǴΪ˱л֮飬֮⣬ݸмȴ㲻ʲôϲĸ顣
ԺҪױ˵ŮСĺ˵
ΪΣīʵ
ΪΣ֮Сĺɫ䡣
īƲ첻ӦûԵɵ£Ӧ
㿴һī˵ӻȡһȣһƬհףҵķȡӺ棬ʲôºۼдȥûˣҲûˣЩ޵סӵһУҪǲſԡ
ŵõһϲ⣬Ӱ֡
ĺӿ˿֪ѵһϳˣīΪҲǺһ
ӻתȥжǽϵĽ
īۼֿĽײһѽ뻳Уüͷ˵ҵġ
ȱײĵڵҲȥǽرŽֻʳСУɫҹˣǲԸңҪߣƭ˵޲ãҲŲǣô޲ãһ޺õġ޺ãȵûʦµΨһĶұҪ⣬ȴŪˣŪġ
ȥʣ޺õġĺ˵
īͷЦĿģá
ĺɼϵӻʱ¶ԥ֮ɫ˵һƬյװ׵ģҲϲñʻϣûа취滭Щ
ԡҪЩʲôĺɵ
⣡ÿͿԣӣţŪٻҡīŽĹһԭ
īÿջǻȥԨԻֻ꣬ȥϰգʣµʱնĺһȥѰܹɽ޸ǰѽ
˰£Ѱҹ˵û޸Ŀܣٵ˿ϧôõһѽмϿ𻵽Ǳ
īŽǰضϽıػƣûиоĵͷŽżⷢоתһЩòŻ˵ĺɣлл㣬ˡ֪ѽû޸ĿܣȴҪ㵽޸鷳㣬Ժˡ
ǰضϽӽУһȥź淺
˹ǣЦǻʣ°سô
˿ת˲ţÿȥÿ죬Բ׽īĿתȻ͡
лȥطĺ˵ԶĬһˣûдڸУԴȴ˺ӲãīԶ߻ôһˡ
һΪͨԺ䣬ߵͲƽդΧӣһϣһݣԺһͩ紵ʱż¼ƬҶӡ
īĶ࿴ۡ
סܼ򵥵Ľ͡
īͷŶ룬ݱΪӣһΪ鷿˯õģС
ȱĺȡչϣԷűīֽ⣬ķıȫУմЩī֭һһϻһ
ī֭ϣûʧ˺ۼʷתк֮乴ճһɽˮͼ
īתһȦվĺǰĿһһϣǽעϡ
ĺƽһ˿һһ۵ķʣĽ˾壬ѹīƲۡ
ܻϣƯīԾ˵
֪ĺķŻǱī⣬֮滭ϡ
δȥļ֮́ͷ˵
Ŷ´лᣬȥﲻϪīδı⣬˵˵
š棬һĵطһǳɡ
ĺɽӷڴ͸ĵطȵīɺ˻ȱϵһߴź춹ʺĳ봹¡
ףǺīָ춹ǰλΣʵ
ʶĺָƽ˵
ʶ춹īԥ˵
ûʲôĺ˵أԺӡ
īɻĿıӰ߶ˡܾﲻԾ
ڵǸһкıһޣĺɲʧŶ԰ѵҸ֪Ǵ춹Ĳ֪춹춹ֻԳ𣿻бô


ѺƤ8

һ׳īϲĺ˵̸۵ĴҲй£ÿÿϴҲ˿ͷ
⼸ĺʱͭʱüīյǰʵ:ĺɣڿʲôǲǿҪˡ
ĺŽĿϣֻ˵
ǲ˵˵ڣָĲҲ׳󣬵ʧȥòԼ겹ܻȱЩԣȱҲմ̳Եīֲ꣬Ŷʧԡ
̳ٶȣȷʵʲôʵԵ˺ȱһ֡
˵ī»ֱӹ׳ԼɣīԨ߲ȴָ

īʵʵξпʲôתһ
±һĺ䣬ؿڴ͸Ŵ󶴣Ѫ޵ĺȾɫ󰵳࣬˿߲ϣƯ޿κεĿԼһʧ
ԡīҧתΪɫָΪķףһɫΡ
ͻȻһ˫΢ִļϣԶģģĽ:īī
ĺɣīȻͷѰǵԴͷȻһƬããʧ̾ôܣ
šţһº˳ȥʱΪǵĿ˿Ƚյš
һˣԴĺɴس˯ѵīٳţд·ʣµʱ䶼ī
඼ЩīҪǲѣĺɻһӴڷڣ룬ҪǵûкʵһѡֱӲܵˣԽԽǡ
ĺɡīͻȻſںԺ֮ץס˵Ų⻬һŤĺۼѵûš
īڴЦǺ㻹ûнժ
ˡĺ̽̽꣬˵:͵ġ
īãЦӯ棬˵:ʦ⻰˵һĶͬ˵£ҵ˻н磬ҿ˺Ͳ£ͦȤġ
ĺɾĬ
㲻ҪڳԹ飬п㡣īŵ
𣿡ĺ΢
԰㣬⣬ˮˮģεľ㣬ҺõһīЦ
ϣǸ㣬ǸҡĬĬ
īĺһҪȥ׼һˣһΪ˰ûΪлᦡ
ͨհûı֣³˴ţѵĺɵĽͣͻ
ŪΪ˱ûܺһ׼̹˹ϵȻ˳µȢûһֱԼƽӹΪ£ֻǺһִˣ䲻ϰٳٲϵ׼
ûа취ֻó²ߣûηӲұ¶ֻ͵͵׼ҿΪ˽һ̼ûĺɲμð׼˵¶Ҫ޸ĺɵ
̼Ǵ̼ûҲͷ·лᦵӰ׼ҴߣЩɴ
ײӭչݲݴɵéݣīĺСУתеĿղ豭һ°͡
һһСӰֱīǶվߣ²˲ɤʵүڹԵ֪ɷԶٷ
īüëһʶǸЦĿСǵײǸСֵطܼǺɣð
ǷϣԼࡣ
˵˱裬ī˵ɣҵ˵үү㿴۾㲻ã񻹲ǿˡ
ǿˣ֪ʲôã۾ûоȣīָŰײʵ
ûоȣȫ벻롣ֻҪ㽫۾ùܸ㰲ȥ˿ȥǺͰĶ۾˻ᣬ½ۡ
īűӵһȻµĽӷ£۾ҹѾιҲˡ
Ƿһۡ
ûϵֻҪ۾Ҿܸ㰲ȥ˲ղŭ˵
ҲСīʵ
û⡣˺Ц
ǣѸҰҲҪһ˫ۡīм
ĺɰסʵô԰۾
īͻȻŤͷüͷʦ֣ѲҪ۾ҡ
ĺüʲôʱ˵ҪԼ۾Ȼǲԡ
аɣ˵ҪΪʲôΪҰ۾ǰǲҪ۾īָĺƲ
տһˣƽȹжִһͨˣס񽧵Ϸͨ˰˵ָһӼ䣬Ҳֻж̶ʮǲ᲻Ӧɣ˵
⵹ǣֻǺʲôˣǸͨǺˣֵȻʲòһʡī˵
ˡǵݣҲ޷Ҳ쳾еͨˣһǻһͬš˹˵
īԱϵˡ
ǽ̧̧°ͣȻ
īȣĺǰľƱһմӼһ͸ıҺƣѹеǹ궯ʵ:˶һ𣿡
ǶʱΣڵ˵:Ҳǣ޹أǲҪʵĺá
īķ¿ӣ˵:ٷĺã£ȸˡ
ȻҪҲûа취һϣ赲ȥˣ赲Ҫߣö˷¡صָָ졣
īԭλŶһɽ϶һһһϣܰҡ˵ȡһѽɽܲ޸ѶϽ޸ָм
˿˿˵Ҳʲô£ֻǲҪȫִҪǵĵطҲҪһ
û⡣īͷ
Ƿǽˣ뿪
ʦ֣ôīߺʵ
šĺϧ
šִִնִĪһִ˰ɣҪĻҪͷۡˣȥ׼ҿ˰׹֮ȥλִǸôī
׼ҵľǰ֪˶٣ĺīȥʱ򻹱̲ĺóʱŽȥֵòżƣ룬ݲٵİ׼Ҽ
īˣôѵģΪǻûѣ׼Ҽץīĸ첲ζյ˵İ˻ԶѲܲô
ģ׹ǵ껹лڣ޴󰭡īĺɽбס׼Ҽ
ģа취ǳ׼Ҽ۾ˣȥץī֣ȴĺɵסֻԼգе
Уҹȥȡлᦡī˵
׼Ҽ˴ǹȥȥѷӡлȡ˳
ûһɫ󣬾˯һ
ĺɺͰ׼ҼϽлᦵķӡīһУлԺһϡָллȡŰ׹⣬һ֣뵽ڡ
ˡī˵һлᦴָߣһգ۱㲻Ӱ
׼Ҽ˲лᦣæȥտѹİ
ʦ֣ûץסī˵
ĺɡ
īСΣҲ֪һлԼߵģߵģûҲóģͲǴлȡġ
ĺһűסīʵΪΣ
īŤֱʹʦ֣㣬Ҫˡ
Ҫĺü˶ľûץ
úãûڻнģʱ뵽˯Уұ㽫ǵԭŵȳ껹ȥ˸㣬ʦ֣㲻ҵɣī˵
ĺû
īĺɵļ˵л治ҹߵġðɣҷߵģҲ룬ߣͰ׼Ҽһٴν֮ӡҲлᦱӡԲţѣֻǷˣûõ֣Ҫſ
⻰߷ΪΪ٣дټ档
ĺɫڴͬī
īϰקϴ˵˯ƽ࣬۾
ī˵ʲôѾϣԾı͡
ûڰ׼λǰһᶨĿɫѿĳһһ˵Һûĵģҷޡ
ûᶨĵͷҷȢ
һȺͷӴ۵Сۣ̾⻹ô죬ѾͷҪһΪµСһǸ˵𣿺ò׽ѣһֽ˱Ƽˣٸɳʲôǿ޻
һͷ˵⣬ֻҪʵźá
īȺпûͦǣС֣ͦص߳˰׼ҡָʵĺɵĴ˴ûʲôӦŵģЦ绨
ûʲô˴ĸı䣬ܺͰ׹һͬ԰׼ҡԼľ͹£Լġī£˵ʦ֣һΣйأ벻
ĺɲ֪ʲô񣬺īĻ 


ս裨1

ִ֪ʲô´ңֻ֪ܿ࣬ûзԣʧûмңСǹ¶Ϊʧɢ
ǳضҰ΢߶˶˳ȥֻʣﹶӲд
ӽһͷˣһմͷǽ˲ĵ̻ʵĿ
еĴʱһֻƵǰеͷ۵һڵ
ִɵɵĿͻһֻΨһͷȻһɾȺĴͷ̧ͷŽߵֻһ۱С
˽кת뿪ˣԵС˸æƿӭ߽
ִһֶ뻳ﱧͷһַǽһȳһյĸϻʻȥ
ȽŲ㣬ܵķɿĿ˸䣬ӰãȻĴ֪ȥѰ˳ֻĶ룬Ϊҵıһ·˿ֻʣףеͷ¡
ִӲ˶ʮľΪһ
ڴСִҹһһĴ˼ңûпǸˡ
ºϾñطַ־ñغϣ׷Ĵ¹һϢ
ִֻǸƽգﶮЩĳǳѰһˣ꣬˸͸ûǸ˵Ϣ
֮ڣһ͵ΪС͵˸һˣ˭˶ҪһүȻϣֻжʮΪʾ𾴣Ǿôȥ
ڷ贫Űϴ½ɽºպսĴ󽫾Ҫ˵λļ磬ؼ̽š
ִţϣλˣһ˿ȥ˳ſڡ
Ŵ󿪣ʿȺǰļзĹâҲû赲סǵ飬ڽֱΧ㣬ˮйͨ
һģһףӲһƥϣĽ˳ǡ
ִ͸Ⱥһ۾ϳǸˣһˣȺд󺰣ˣˣ
ܿ챻ҵĺѹȥִûнʧ̬˰ĲȺҪߣȴһһεı룬·ŪɢЬӡżӡ
Ⱥĸȥۿ˱մӵŻ˸ûĻᣬɵɵĶڸԵĽֽǣȵɢæҪڣȴŵļҶסҶ⸱¹ڲӣΪؤ֮⡣
ִʶԼţϽһôͣҶǲͷĽƿֻ˵ҪȥؼҵȺϢ
ڻûܽȥŻɥ뿪˼ҽ׼ڶ컹ͺڸǰȵҶһȥ˰
ס˲Ŀ˸ƵĶִӹӣӦãš
ת߽˸
ִŵſתȦȦһһģżҪ˵ĵһ仰
ˣ㻹ǵ𣿡
ޣΪԼ˭˼ôʶ㡣Ӧ˵ˣǰңרʾлġ
ã̫ˣ»ӷ

ҵȣûеȵȥϢǸȥӵҲûٳִվڸǰʯʨǰΣһ졣
˴ŵҹѰ˹Ȱ˰Žƭĺ˼ҡ
һգִÿնϰȻڸǰһ죬˵ԭȻĶ࿴ۺϰΪŵһȻţĮӡ
ִҲȲȥˣҹǽ͵͵Ǳ˸ڣںܴת˺ܶطûҵųȣһ֣ҰͻȻһ۱㿴վڿյص
վԭأСġɤУôҲ
һƾ£ͷ£Ϊĵİ֮ڵĵһƬڣ֮ȫڡز龰ûг֡
֮ͨȲƮƮתܿƽȥƾƯ
ӰӿһСЦŶ˵ӭ˴γһˣΪӾ˰ɣ
ͷãƾ跲ͦ׵ġǣ´ҲԣζƷġ
֣ǲҪˣҵǧ޵ɣΪ볾ܿ࣬ٻȥĪǷˡ
ָָ£˵иˣǺá
˵Ŀڴ͵ĶִϣüҸˡ˲Ҫңô˴
ǵν˵Ǹˣ⳾ôޣݵأ㿴ǷҲûʲôɣȥ
ߡͷתһͬߡ
ôҲû뵽һενǴ˽ͷʹĸԴ
ˣǡɣҾȻȻҼõɵİĲҡšִɵУκĻԼļҡ
һҹδ˯ִǺ˷ܣڷⲽһҪúøлˣɶѾˣҹҲУھҪȥҶ˵лִţ˾Ҫߡ
ߵϣԷ׷ףܽһ仰Ϊսպշɡ
ִţܵǰȥһûУѾտҲЩҲ类ǲɢˡͷɥţ֪Ҳлû˵ھͺԵֿԡ
ȻأīÿñӱԵʵԶִͦȤġ
ִЦһ˵ȻͦҵġҲ֪˲Ըңҵİû䵽ԭЩҶƭҵģ˲ðֻҪͨһͿԡ
īڰǰһʹˣ˳űָķ׾ҵ˭ִ֪ĴһҪ˲ż壬Ϊ츳˷ָĵز˳سǲ෹ʵЦ̸
ִīǸͦõˣ㣬Ϊƣһ˵޵ߺ˵ȾƳԷ˳Լ¡
˻Ϻ˵޵ߺǽӽɣأɢҲؽޣǰ졣ִ
ţ޵ʹͨı£Ҫ죬ûΪͨˣǺѣ²Ǳƭ˰ɣīɻʵ
ûУ˸ˣȷʵܽ죬ܱ֤Ϊ˼ˣҲԸ⣬²ҴӦˣҲԼ졣ִ
ɼΡī
ɾûк˵ǣ֮ܲססһûϵ㱻һ׺ˤ˵ϡִ
û˵ҪףôߵĵطˤΣīʵһͨ˴ˤû£ļʶ̫
Ȼˤࡣִü
ī
ҵǰǰǰˤ֮Ͷ̥Ϊˣԣһֻڹꡣִ͵
ڹꣿ̥Ͷĺãƾáأκŵʱûôһļ䡣īʵ


ս裨2

ִ۾ķԼû˵Ҫʱɱķ֣û͸͸һͶ̥תˣֻ̥Ͷܲ⣬ôڹ꣬ôֱֳֻڹأ
̾̾˵ٱʱڷ˵ڹĺôˣһĥַһɱ£ٶȲţ٣ܽΪĥȥ
ִںףûûҹһ뵽ȵ֮ͿԼĵ׾ӿһŻΣסոһտζ
ǧ֮󣬰һЦִˮ˰ߣڻˣʵꡣ
ЦȻֹϵĺʵĸɸɾɰת࣬ô˵ģǻˣıһǣԭǺ󣬻Ц
Լһ·ִŴǧĺ߳
һΣִ˸տĵطֲһָ죬죬бһң䡣
˵꣬ҡҡλεշУӵһķȥһأͷŽԽԽСĺ棬ʱɣƾԼʵԷ죬˵˵ˣҡ
ֿľǰƣ칬ңңִϲ⣬ȻһͻȻը죬ֱͷϣͷܵţ⽹ڣº̣衢ġǿסμϡ
һβһΡһΪ׳£ִҲסˣһ˫һţֱӴϵȥ;лΣһֻ޴ڹ˶ڵҳһӣĵطƫУǴǰڵǸǳأǧһƬļţӲݴ
òڵۣ֮걻Ľɢδɢȫšһ
ˣǰǰôǱճսõڹ˺ܳʱźãٴֻءִƽǰ
õڹꣿ㵽̵ȥī˵
ĿľϰˣżĻԼ˶ϡͺգļõֻʣڹǵʱҲǡͶ̥ͦɵġִȻ
ͦɵġīɱˣûо˻ΪĹ̡
ɲ顣ִж˼Թ
ǰǰǰ𣬵ûмˣī˵
ңңıӰȻûȻˡִᶨ˵ǰִͷ­й˴롣
ī
ִͶ̥һ˼ң޵ңڵŵŵļ壬Ϊжӣǧ谮һ
μҶ֪Ǽҹ⣬츳УҪҪɡ
μҷӣΪ䲻ű߼ʵĻ϶֮ҩ鵤ҪǮƵͳͳңһʱᵽԪӤ
ִܽеȳ·ˮʪϣܵҪǿŲһӲıԼ붨
үˣ˷С˻ŵƿķţ׶Ŀŵͷ˵꣺ҪҪȥ
ִ۾ݺݵ˵·
˵ʱֻƿһ󶴣߲ʹâ䣬ӶƮһŽӵһϡһӰӰΰִ꣬ŲϷȥ
ִһȣѸٵĳȺ˫һţֱſƵıԵƵ£˾УƮϡ
ƮƮţһѰƳӿ棬ˣִæ۾Ϣٴ۾ѾתƵĵϣϡķ޴ǰɹһº󼤶شӵɽ硣
Ȼ۽ƳһĨӰеˣ
ͻȻһִзĶ㿪ˣҪЦţֽʮףѹ㣬Ҳ޴ɶ㣬š
ִ嵱ۣķѣҾҪô𣿺òײģżˡ
һΪ̾Ϣ
ִģˡŶԭ˽ǵĺ֡ʲôҲˣɢʡ
һ̣ץ˶ִһ꣬Ŀţ˵:лһֺηòôĥɣ궼ˣݵġ
ڵڣͷҲ̧˵еִ̫𡣡
˵ĲʯͷİɣǱ顣ϴ̫ö
ִһ¹飬˵㽫ֻУϰָܻȻҸ˼Ͷ̥ټǵҡһԭҾȻҲˡ
ã˵㡣ÿͶ̥ΪʲôһֱǵҲҲҲܱ֤㡣һƲлֻС
š
³ôһαһңøֻʣлĵزī̾
ֻҪû͸Ϳȥˡִص
Ϊ˵лīʵ
ִĸָͷ˻Ρ
һ㻹죿ī
ԣ˲ݡִ϶ĵͷ
ī˵ʲôˣֱӳĴָûôִŵˣֵþ塣
ֻǸͨˣϲȥĺһھʹ롣
ǶǻҵģԲԡִüëˣежܽڻ
īܾ
ңΪʲôҡţīӣǵΪڵһֻ֮ܰҡִе˵
ûɰ㡣ī˵
Ǿ仰ҪǲΪңִһ֪ҵһĿĵģΪʲôҲܵõҪġ
ȻȷʵģҲӦڱҪʱһѡⲻҪȫȫҪ죬Ҫ֪ûƴ㡣ī̹Ȼ˵
֪ˡûʲôĶҸûмֵֵң㲻Ը⣬Ҳûа취ִȻ˵ΪԼӭ˻ᣬȴǸüŵĹƨᡣ
ɥʲôϸ룬ǰ㡣īӶݸ
ģִͻȻľϲҧԼͷҧ׵ͷʹľҪʵΪʲôҪѡ
뿴һǰޡī
ˡִڳݲ˵
ī֡
ʲô˹ȥ
˵ϲܹ鲻Ǹ£Ұκáīڶִһӡ
ִ˶죬ͷȻˣ˵Ҳ˵ˣæʵʲôʱȥ
ʵҪȥʲô⣬ֻǾȥǻףƾ壬һ׶ܲסʱô죿Ҿһһȥī˵
ɡĺɳ
ģīӣǸˡִĺɷ֮жӯһѱһǣī֡
īǺǵЦţźۼĳԼ֣ĺ·ϲ˲ˣ
ӵĺָĵİڽϣ֪ڿʲô
ִһīˣóԺúȵĴţõķ买ãԼ˶ȥƫ˯
ʦ֣֪ϵڵλšīЦеſʵ
֪ĺɴ
ǰæī˾񣬴
ںڡĺɵ
ī粻˵


ս裨3

īԥ͵͵Ľ˺ڣȻ½֮ìǽˣ½̫嶯һƢҪɼܣӦǲӦõİ취Īڶŵ㡣
һڣ뾡취ذɶˣī㡣ҡڵڽϣһ˫۾תеȷǵЦ۾ǻˡ
ִԵĸڽߺָָ㣬̸۸Ƕִ޵ţ޿̵ʵīӣΪҪڴתƣʱȥ
īͣ½ţƵתٿȻһЦȣ
ִɻ󣬡ʲô
īָָ죬Ȼᡣ
ִһãգգ۾Ȳģй˵ðɣİš
īӵ˵ļС˵ˣĪż

ĺɶī۾һյĹıֱֽŰ֣ѹ͵Ŀ£īͷеȡ
ԺȵĿ⣬ִȴܲˣסˣһΪѣע⣬ھᣬҪҪߣһڲʱСעˡ
ī̧Ƴ۶ִֵͷ
ִܵīĿ⣬һЦһ̵ˡ
ʦ֣Ҫҿʲôʱֲˡ৵ĽȺϣЦĺɡ
۾κõģôҡĺʵ
ôõģ׼ȷ˵һһС˫۾ˡīĻش
ĺšụ̈ĬƬ̣ʵ
īЦʵûƭ㡣ҵĵ£׽ˣƭ㣿
ĺǿʵ
īΪСĵʵʦ֣ѵˣˣһ۵ġúãҲˣЦһģһûмЦأ
ĺɣ
һ˳ƹ˹۾Ļ⡣
īֻ޵ĹʧˣĺɺͶִΧ˸飬˲ˣ˵ûһһˡ
˿̶ִ˭żǰǰ飬˾Ǵ˼һ䲻
ĺʹ̽˵Ǻջȷʵҵûô룺īûȥޣԼ뿪ˡ
Լ뿪īʲôǲҲ͵͵ߣ㲻ĵô֪ܲ䡣ִקĺɵ䣬һʧ
֪ĺ˵
ִйظ֪֪
һȦȦȦԣʮȦīͷݶϵ֩ҰȦһֻСĴָС֩Ľı֩ϣȻҵֹͣ·Ԥе˴Ӷˡ
~ƾɲĽ²ظ֨֨ѽѽĽлţ۵һ˵ϣһƬҳ
ͻȻĴ߻εī۾ۣæ۾һվǰ׺ݵĿ޲ýҡ
īϲһӲӵӣ֣ϸս·Уְϣɤӣʵλ
⻰Ѹٵǰһ󲽣īϣžҵ£ҧīһţھȻ˭
īݸһЦôż壬һҵŹأ㿴ˣ˼Ҽǵ㣬ڵ
һ٣ǵĳ˵ǵü˿ڿƽȵվīǰ˵һҪΪµӱ𣺡īҶҪƤ¡
īϿɵĵͷŶһӡ
Ƣһţ̼Ĳᣬſھ˵ѵͲ֪Ϊʲô֪˵䣿
īգۣ룬˰Ҫվǰ⡣
ҭһڣ˵㲻ҵķĹ
īɫԡ˵佫Ȼʲôֻ
ϽŤʱ޿̵ĲҸǧӵܻҵһ٣ھһ˲ʣˡһţھڡ
īЦЦôѧҵڵӵϧһ»ôú룬ڵʱϳ㣬ΪʲôֻĵȴûҪѵ𣿡
£ŵڳΪܺңΪԼѰ·
īǣбҪ֪һҹ֮ŵ֪ΪʲôƫƫҪ𣿡
ڣҲֻ֪ڸɵô£ûкһˣŷһ
ŭ𣬡ûԻңڵѪҲ
īЦ
ƶЦݴ̼Ľߣ֪ʹ˶ľסҪɱ˵ĳ嶯
ؼһӺܰδδˮڵнϸ΢ȴһӰŶϸڣ˷ħһ㣬ѰԴȥ
ī鲻ĸ˽̵ﰲ
~ͻأȴֺг
ʱ̣ӻû䡣һѵͳɤ⴫
īЦⲻ۵ףһҲԾˣӴߣ㣿ˣôôƣ±˲֪ݣҪȻһɤӣҲںˣû˿ɶأ
ſվݰ׵ĵͯ䲻ʮӣһ˱һ˱΢΢ӭһӣüĿƮƮ
΢üĿưܵĵط˴ĵطѡҲѡõط
īǻںõطϰˣ¥СطԱȽϵģԻǸϽЬࡣ
⻰˵ĺ
һ䣬īǰһѿסĲӣ˵ģһΪ᲻һеƴϾݵλȫǴϵġ
ī۾ԣҲ̫㵱ˣЩΪιҲȸǿöࡣ
أյ촭㻹ôĲʶô
ָī۽ǴҼǵ˫۾ڳģ㣬λָġ
īʺãڵ۾Լ
Ŷóһϻӣ˫۾ǲҪˣι˹Ҳû¡
īĬ
֪ΪʲôҪڵ۾ԸĶ˵ΪȫҲ˫۾ÿˣҲΨһҲĵġ
īһЦȫΪѵڹϣһҳΪΪõʱҲûаԣûбˣڲ˼
Ա˵ʹӴ󣬽īճһϺۼȷʵǼ¾ֻ֪¶ȥǰԺ󣬶֪¡һǸ˾ɣ߸ϵɣһֱ
īѵ˵ҹλأ֪롤ʦ֣ûСҹ㡣


ս裨4

ԺһͣЦĶ:ôͬŵӶûŹںһ˭ҵ·ɱ˭УҶ赲ҵ·
īϵֽ£Ǻָһ󼱴ٵĿ:޿ɾҩⷬҪǴĺɶУ֪Ϊ֪᲻Ż
Щ⣬úõôἰĺɣδ룬:ֺ֪ηѳɣϲ֮˭κεҡ
īֲ֪ʱᱧǰЦЦбһۣζġŶɫӵһ˱Уһ˴ڵϡ
Ծ:㡭
īŵķ۵:ʲô㣬ΪƾץסңҪĸԸıץСӣûʮİոͲװ䵽У͸ȥˡ
Ժܿƶ˵:㲻ҵĶ֣۾ҵϣ㲻Ҫˡ
īţЦϡ
ĺޱվſڣŹ⣬ԲԶСͯڵأŽԵֱϣһеϻӵˡ
ȵĽסϻӣĺɵĽ磬ǰȥԸոתһεۻһؿŽ˹ȥ
ǰһӣתĺɣ˵𾪻һ˿ң󱳾ȫ̻¶īȻŹᣬŵӵʹԵĺ󱳻ȥ
ڱߣıӻһƥ硣
ž~һʺı޺֣ѸٳԱ߱ȥۣƤҲգڻûгԹ˿ŭЦ˵ôͻȻԭ˿ɽ
īգЦӯӯ˵:ʦ֣죬ǿµļǺţһ·׷
ĺɵͷ
侲۹ȻͯӵزȻɣҲͭǽڣҲˣ˼ת¶Цݵ:ʦ֣þòĴæһû˵ϻصڿ벻㣬Ŀġ໹òãʲôȳȥī˵
ĺɴƽĶԣëȻ£ϰӣν͡
ЩһƮƮļһ仰ȴԽǧ֮أ˴Сһͬôߵ
ַ̧üëһƣԴǵ˵:ʦ֣㲻ǲ֪Ƕīµ£ΪԵ֮ƭģղ취ݺңôܶͬʦǵԵ¡Խ˵Խ߿
īһ࿴Ƕ֪ⷬס
ĺɲӦ
Щ˵˵ǶʦѵȲīһ
īʱһ:˵ʦ֪꣬ˣϹŴ£ѵν֣
ϲȵϣϢѴݡԾ֣ǱʹŭĿīŭ:ǲ㣿ǲǱ㺦ģҾ֪ʦֵһһȴ˼ڸġ
īα̬ĺɲɵӣ˵Ǽжϵĳ
ĺϵĳ˼Զ
ī⶯鼫ã 
Цݣ⼫䣬ĺɼȻѾ֪Ǳˣĺɣԭʲô֪ʦһ񡤡㲻ȥʦǡ
ĺɺޱʾī棬ţװ֣װȥˡ
һ䣬ϵ˿ϣ·ƽϾƮƮ϶һУĽɵǰ
~ָڽϣ죬˸
ĺִīҲóȣأԵȫΪɣΪȻɲ⣬ҲδĶ֡
Ի֣ɳ󣬿紵Ŵ۵죬һֵĽϣܣǰ˷
ĺü˵СЩ
īЦ绨Ҳǡ
˶վһжҲ˿ȶһĽأӰ˰С
ԣüĿ壬ʹոյ֪ѱѣĺԾǸӣ·ĲΪܲ͸硣
ԭһԼõķԷɢһĽУȻ⣬īҲֵɡ
ߣ֮ԼκβˣȻҲµͨʽԸˣ΢΢ŭһ˷ټٵ飬ΧΪͨ飬Ϊɣؼ䵫ЩȻҪ
ľ֮飬֮飬Էļӳǿ٣Ķų˺ҧȥ
īеĺɡ
δ˵ĺɵ֪ȥգ
һû˵ô֪ĬĬ߶ϻ˵Ҷһ¡
Ⱥıռ˰ӣ˵ӰڵסЩ֮׷״͸ӳǰ
īĺڷôѰ˼λĿͨһ糤ĶӣľʵĶлᦵĻƳɣ˵ĲҲͨҪȻγܵסлᦵɷ
ĺɽīܲ͸磬Ƭ֮䣬Ѿɱ˲ٵȥ飬Χ
ˡīվĺ˵ɱ˼ֻջȡ
һգǱ¶Ƥ¡
һȥ鱻εɢĿԣīһƣ¶һĨĪЦ⡣
ų۵Ĺâīʶ۾ϵһĨϹתԷȥ
âܿһɫ׼ȷ˵һİצǵƬƬƬīɫʵɻǵá
˳Եĸ첲ߣ˳
īǵãܲǵáҵҵУԣ׮׮Ҽǵ
ڵʹһɫŭ𣬰βͳԶȥҪҧĺ·ȴסȥ·նš
ٻذʵôԼҧһڵζΣΪҷ˲ٵϾϿûɷ
īֹס궯ǿаģãֻԣȷʵԼĹҧһڵĸоãǸܲϾΪҧ˵ĹҲס
ߣʿ֮졣
īЦſһгԷȥ𣿡
žԸһĿϵƬѿѪֱɳȥײڴϣֱӸײˣִһѷ˳Ҫȥ
ǣŭɶ߷˳ȥһҧβϣʹ˳ȥȻѸٵ׷ȥβڰϡ
Ŷŷɳӡ


ս裨5

īᶼˣԼΪֻҪԶ˵ǣû뵽ļ˲ûʧطܳһ䣬仯Լ
û뵽ĺɺīΪѱƽɽپֻҪ˶೤ʱͿԶɽٷˣһĴ鷳ɱҰݰ賤
뼰ˣҲҴԼΪһ˲ƴǣ˾ī˼½ǷɣƱ˪
ĺһֵī󣬷һѡ
ллīһЦͷл
Цһȶ²Ī⣬ӰһһӰѸٵıƽˣһӰͻأĳīǰƻӽն¡
īֳȵֵȴ͸ǵӰӰŤ˼±ʧˣعѾı󣬺Ҫ͸ĺ󱳡
~ĺɳ£ǾĽײһ𣬲ѤõĻ𻨣ԵĽһᣬī֪ʧӰһԶԶ˳ȥ
īӦһŤȵػӰĲ
Ͷ˹ȥվԶһʧŭЦǲ
ŭŭûʧж˼תתĺɺͬһԴϰĺҲᣬϾʧƣԱиīϣӮû
ĺǰ벽ҪīųսȦ֮˼بǰ
ɫֱ䣬Žִ£ս
޷۹ĶϢ񱩶ңɾ޴ǵ֮˶ȥκˣ硣
īüڣĺǿҲԵֵסһ𣬼ĶӣӶӵڵķλĵһεľ󣬽Ƕ˰档
һīΪĵɷӰӰ´һᦲȥԼĪɵĵطӭչѪɫᦲϺܲлʲôʱлȱɷأ·һ޴󷨣īĲٿ»ת
ڰ׼ҵʱлᦿԼߣټȫޣʵϻīĿƣлᦷ߲Ϊ֪ľΪС
лᦵļӳ֣Ҫ˵ʹõǴ޽ҲƲ
񱩵ϢЯ˴۾ʱֱӻΪһƮɢڿС
⡤ȥǿһͷβ
ī£ɫ˲䣬æ̧ѰңڿտҲﻹԵӰ
ܹ굽īĻίͰ͵ͷ˹ģѪƬ˴룬ڲ޴󰭣භ˺ܳʱ䣬˭Ҳκβ˭ֱͻȻ֣һѽƷɣ˰
īο㣬һġ
ĳŵ˵ĵͷصȥˡ
ī΢΢̾Ϣһ֪ԼκβǣȻһУûˣ죬Ҫҵס
ĺɵܻС
ĿͷлϣŽָ˶ī׵ʦ֣ұֻ֤һΣǲңԽлȥѹڵڣҾ޶
Žָƽէʵīм仰ġ
īڨڨĺл֮£ˣǺĺɶȻ¸ֻ֪ܺҵӦȥ
ĺúīû취໰ҲʲڣһĪؿڣԡ
īԼ˵ʦ֣Ҵˣھͺ̹סʵӼǿʼҾƣҹǽҵĶϽȥ޸ϼǰѽ뵽ң̽һ֪ҵ۾ˣΪָһȲĴ
ĺɵλΪʱָ۾ƭԡ
īͷǣֻҪ۾ָ˷磬һе̽Ϊʲô۾û¡ϣˡ
ĺϻӣʵкδ㣿
ôʱ֪ûˣīȻЦݣȻͶִ죬֪㲻ȥģҴӦҪȥʳԣʦ֡Բˡ
ɫת䣬һл͵ת·⻪ƣ·ᦲѹĺڣסΡ
ĺ˫ĿôҲû뵽īӶƭѵ˴κζãĿŻϻӱߡ
īֱ̧۾գЦʦ֣ҵĺҶǵãǲǷֺ˴ιһжԵֻһûûңôҲǸɣˣϵЩˡҲΪұ߱ɵҵԼš
ĺɣƽҽ㡣īȥվǰһĴһָľʱͣ£м˵ӡĿˮ˲ѣü۴ȥ
ʱ·һֹ̾ȥ
ī޵ϲ£δ׾ͺԶȥ
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ʲôأīīӣִƢī־ϲ
ţһ졣īЦ
ڣִɡ
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īŶִļ򣬴ͻȻڰգŲޣϷȥ
ִһȻôǰҲйȻڿƯҲδ棬ӰѸٵıСֱʧʵīӣǸΪ㲻ٻƣҪȥǲЩ
īһۣЩʲôƱǿпޣܹоƾΪаֹϵЩµƫƫͰŪЩ䣬ҪǰŶƣ͹ݡֱ͸
ִŲƣݵأա
ҪȱҪͻһصĸңҴͻҲ£ֻҪīĵչ˶ִͻס
īſ֣죬һȦȦĲƵȻһֻתջġ
ִʱڷŴϣóʳָϵĴǰīСȣִ
īȫעƿңκ˲ֵֶţֻû˸أֻֻֻڴ֮ŤͷƵĶŶִڸʲô
ִͷȴЩɬīӣ㣬㵲ˣҪ񿴲ô죿
īһûĳ嶯ʲô֣ʱ̾ȻǰҪǲŵ㣬һ׽£ô졣


ս裨6

ţǱߵҲ͸һԭȰܼĵطֳһŻŻһ磬Ұƣڣ̻Ի͵ĵ֡
Ҫȥһڴֵƾճ֣¡¡쳯£īԾ˳ȥԶԶ߿ȥԼӭ׶ϣնһƥ֮м
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īƾճֵĵط΢ȴ˼£û׳֣ɵ˵ȥɣ
䣬һƬõУǳƬ״ʮɣһٲžԾŻǰֿɼƫȴҪ档
ǧһ֮ʣīץסȱԵʹŻһƣײȶƬͷû
ִľսĿīӰɣǰȫɫĹâŻ赲ϣֻͽ͵Ĵ󺰵īӡ
ôһȫѹһϣǸ˾֮ͨҲûɣִԽԽĻ䣬īΪŻģ
գۼ䣬ƿŻȻסˣͻȻһɫӰ΢Ǳվǰִŵ۾ī˿ȥްֻϢȣͷЩɢң½űսĺۼīӣû£
ֱ˵ǰ޴Ŀ
~ôֵϣԣû£īʵٶȿ죬׽µʱƶ˱ԵشȻӲ˲׵һ̽ˡ
ִûڿ֮⡣
īƽһƶִļ˵ȥɣȥĶˡ
ִ㵵īӣ㲻ȥһ˵Ļ
īЦЦӦûΣˣԼһӦû⣬ҾͲȥˡ
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ִԵĻͷôˣ
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ȵȣ·İɣѵȥͶˣ
ţС˵Ĺ³󣬶Ľȥ
ԥջǺ⼸鲻̫ã㻹СЩԶԶĿһ۾뿪
л֪
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롣㲻Ըĸ·
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ī˵ģĺûЩû㹫£㲻ҪҲܲ˼ŵڣϾҲǵڵˡ
ԵŤ£ܿͻָΧ˿ʵĺôһһֱ㻤Ľ
īһǵͬҲǼ֡
£漴ζЦˣһΪǹϵǳأϾĺΪѵõӵˡ
īȻ̧ʵʱ
ûش˸룺£ȱ衣Լʯϡ
īüȻܲ˼ҵķˣǰҳӵ¸Ķ棬׷ʵĺʲôʱΪӵˣ
ԿīżԽżƵ˵īһǴΪı壬ǵڿ𣿡
īü
ۿһۣŵĺӵˣΪһĻᣬ⣬һڵںúҪǣƫƫҾһ㻹ʧˡ
ī˿Щаζӣĺ˴ʲô˵һҪȥ²룬ǹһĨºȴתΪЦݣǺҽӴʱ䲻̣ѵ֪ҵԸҴܰˣˡ
ԷشЦȷʵˣĺˡʯĳٺòˡ
īͬĵͷҶͬһˡ
ۣһ
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ΪŹ֮ͬԻһֲ̬ϧ 
ī£½ʲôԹÿȴȥԸһľأȴȻĺȲ۵
չҲ


ս裨7

ī뵽ܾ֮ǰ£ЩźأٻҲ
īʮֱɽ⣬ղŲʣٺõҲԲģĺɽߵʱһϢȫƾһΪš
֮ī󾹿ĺߣȫ¶Ҳˣ죬ʹĲȴ֨֨ѽѽ˵֪װˣֵʱҲ˵Щ
ĺ壬ĺɵҲöûлӦֻǺĵҴҴǣ˵˵Ϣ
īӲӵıţڴһ۾ݶȵ˵һʵΪʲôңѵ⣿Ϊڱȫ档
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īЦһŤͷԸīСǼˣǳĺܡ۳ʲôԭʮ޼Ȼ˾ûתأȻš
ǳǳ𣬵ʱܾĺչĺ⣬һ߽΢չһŸֻˡ
Ҳ죬һѾ߰˰ˣڼֻлĶԻһҲûС
Ҫصһˡĺ˵
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ĺɲ֪һߣٴʱīѲӰѰ
īþͻ磬ռȫ֪ԾȻ⣬ֽȴҪ׼Ŀڡ
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ڲ˱쾪׷׳̽Ϩ˴ĵƻٴҵƻһ˲ȼ
īûеȵڵӷӦеѾת󷨷Ŵס£תһڴн䡣
һҹڲҽвϣѪɺӣڱһֻӬҲɲȥīûиܵһ˳ȥ
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⡣īһǰȥֱ԰׵գָ⴫¶ȣ־ƲסҪڳɹˡݺݵıס⣬òŽ˷ſ
Ȼ˹ڻ˯Сīǰ˵ŵѾڽ£Ͻ뿪ĬƬ̺˴뿪
쳤ףīͥŲȥһѪӡΧסŵУЩʶĴ󲿷ֶʶģЩһ۾гŶĳޡ
ЩԣԭŽˮ֮ˡ˭֪ī޴˸ܾˣԽ˻ȥ
԰īһڲԶĵطͬܶ顣
Դһսīߺ󣬵޵֪ûлص壬ը˹µеԷжѰī䣬һɳħĿ񳱡
ⳡħĶʱȴһȫĵطյˣ˭Ҳ뵽طڵڵĸ
Ի˸ƣֱӿīϣ˵С˵˵ЩôôþͶҲĲ֮ء
ī˶ӣ㿪ԵҪ˹һ𣬵ʱһɢ֮һʬ
ĵ۾ûģð´󲻻ôң
īʵҪô𣿡
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īЦ£úš
īúԽ͵͵ش˵ڣ˿Խϣܵõµף
ԵϣʵֵΨһ취ǿڣȵڵӸףīԸһ˵ڣӵ˹Ѻڶӡ
ԴѹӵˣƵºձһ𣬼ĺɵĻ֮٣Ҫ˵һ仰ˣչƵʱûĺɡ
īܸоͬĺ֮ĹϵЩ΢ȴ˵ʹǰкβ֪ͬƢҲµ˵Ҳûʱ±㱻ˡ
ڶձīԵĽԵĿ£īӦµĵӷ˳ǿڵж
īԵĽĺ֪ͨҲֻе£ԭϲĵڣȴЩһޱ飬һ  
Ϊʾ⣬īȥӵˣҪΪֵȴ޹
ӵ˱۾δһı飬īַˣвҲãȰҲգá
ĺɲĵӦҾɱһ١īݺݵв
ĺӵ˵뷢˶۾ĹΣҲǺɿˣȻһǡ
īŭգΣ㲻Ϳ𣿹İͽڣڣ»뱣ȫĺɣֵ񣬷˵ĺɾҲ𡣡
ӵһɣк飬Ϸ򶨻ƴ  
ӵǴӦˡīõĸֳΣճ˱ͷŵͷˡ 
ɫûתߣº͵ЦţҪϲˡ
ȫΨһһΪϵף
īЦŻлл
СʦǲӦΪֵ㲻ɱ˺ɵİɣʵ 
ᡤҶ¡īһЦһӣ뿪ˡ
īĺɴʮޣˡѾˣǷʲôˡ߻
ˣʲôʱ򻹵ģ֪ǾͲ
ϵʱīһƵߵ˺ɽϡɫһ֮ǰԶԶؿվһˣΪԼۻϾϵĻʲô߽ſ徹ˣĺɡ
īԭ뿪ֻĺҲʱ뿪ԵˣӭȥЦĽеʦ֡
ĺɵӦš
ī̫Σʵôˣʲô
ĺɰ첻𣬵Ŀʱŵ˯š
īεӣ֪ڵĵӶ֮ǣЩ˷ûɫĺʱûýͱǿϡ
ĺɣʦ֡㣬ҵĽ߲ˡŶʴˣҵĽͬϵ󡭡ʵף֪ϲ˵һ䣬Ҫǲ˵Ǿˡīϸʵ
ľͺá

Եˡ
Ŷʦټ
īת뿪Ҳ֪ԼڴʲôĽø˵ģȴô˲ѹӵˣ峤˼Ҫ˱ĴڣЩƺôġ
պԵĽźЩԸˣҲԸŸ˸ˡ


ս裨8

ĵӲıúɫװôһ˿ϲ⣬۴Ǻɫɫĵɫϲ֣ɫĳС
īմ˼ɫϲɫ·ĵķɫ˷ݺǷݸ߹Ҳ˹˵յīҪ׽ӽ
ӵվڵڵڣһһϰǰԺõıţǱľԵ⣬Եڵȱһνе
ϸϸȥҲˣյĺܣһֵӵˣīԡ
īȻĿſյڵʵԣڵĵأôûڣ
Զ֣˸ƻû
Ŷīַģ˽ȥ
һգī彩Ӳã̧ͷ㵵ԣ㡤
£
Լ󷨽סĵУ۾
īĵУΪûĵز㽫Ŀӵ˵ϣȻַͬӵ˵ĵС
ӵԼͽܻԼΪĿ۾ɵϴ
ȴɱҪףǽķɱӵˣ䣬һݣҲס˽
īߣæӵ˺īΪһʱҲ˲Ϸ
˫˫űסӻܶ˿Ųīߣеīī
īʶģٽǰһƬڰʲô
ЩеҪīҲ˿ҲָϣֻܿԼˡ
˵ΪǿżЩƷΪһǧĸоҪҪΪֽĿڷϡ
һĿ¶ͽ֮ĵС
һУԽ˵ʬɽţŵеĵӻѳīɱӵ˺ͷӻ塣
ܺõļ˵ڵӵķŭţƶһϸսںսһ
ڽڰˣ޿ˣ硣
īѲʥ˰źá
ڵ޺˴󹦣˵ڵ֮ĵˣɻûͷˣ֮һŷֵ˽ӣ޴Ӳ𣬱㲻֮
ܾ֮ڣȺףԪһֱڷīĳУҲδ߳
ʮ󣬵ڵ͵޵ĽҵĺɣŽȥţڲŴӵ͹˳һԾΪ֮ס
ס޲صסһ˵ĻôЩ޵ͷϱضѹһˡ

ִ֪һֱĿĵĴεƾ赱ǵģ侹ҵڡ
վſڿ޻ĴţִףڽӵĸоǳҪʼղҽȥ
ǸСͯȥ֪ĵ
ȥСͯƿվһ˵
ִ˿ͦشǵĽ˵ϸĻᷢ飬΢ĲĲϿȥô򶨡
ڿտ޴ĸ˺ϱĽǣŲĻžԽԵ
ִԶԶؾͿһӰΣһ۾ϳӵһʼ棬ȴѾģ̻ԺС
һ߽һҲҪɤӿڣվʮԶĵطͣ£ŵ˵ң֪㻹ǲǵңһȻûȡԲ֪еㆪ£ҡҾ˵
к֪㣬Ҫ˵ллǻˣǾ֮͡
ִ˵֪ʱ۾зõĹâ滰ʱһĳȥһɲõĸоæĿ˵֪ҵĵл˵пޣҾҪ
赲Ūġ
ִԴһʱ䷴ӦǾ仰öǲе˼ðҵԼѵʵΪʲô
˵ǵĻظһ飺еִ̫Һ㱾ûཻ̫ΪִҪҵĹ켣Ϊ˲òе鷢㲻ܼң赲졣
ִӺһըˣһһҪлĶ˾ǸˣֻºһǣȻִЦЦ۽߳᣺ֻлʲôΪԾͿϾ˵룬𣿡
ٿһˡջ˼ҪģöִʧÿԶִĵĵȥ˵ִĵط
ִеֽճȭͷһطһǣ֧ߵڵĶȻˣ۾ãͷǸЦ
ģΪָһһâڣڶ𣬶ִ˴ŵ̧ͷ
·ûпĿ⣬˵ҽΪ㣬Ӵ֮·Ҳ÷Ҳգͬ޹أûǷʲôˡ
ִܵɺõĵһҲ˲ˮκǣһжһԸ
̧۽ԼμסԼԾǧŵ˵ĵطúõؿһ˵ȴ޷ƿ˼룬ǲġ
תһ˲䣬ִԼʶն˲֣ն˴ī֮һм䣬һǸһһҪķˡ
ִһصûصĵط
۾ʱ򣬶ִԺжƬ֪Լںδܵתʱ˷ܵĲѣĻϲԼˣĿˣЩһΪӣڵһԷʱͿԼˣ̫ˣ
ִһ㿪ʼǧȵ֮ٴͬ࣬ҲٴնԼļ䡤


һЦ1

ī֮һ΢˭Ҳûп˵ֻٶһ仰ᶯάֲס
ī˴̧ۣһɢӣұ˺󣬲Ұɣ
£ЦȻǡѵ㻹²Ǹ˭
īɫһתǰδеҸ֪𣿷˵öԣͲǷʲôˣǷ
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ȻһܿѸٵĳָסī·תҪܡ
īֿͣؿǰ㱻סˣܵͼīɵջ֣Ծͤӡ
ȻܷŹûᣬ׷īͤӣ總֮ҰʼհѲ
īɿĻۿҪϵˣ¶˶飬Уһæϣ־Ҫקס·
һ˸գī°΢¶һĨóѵЦݣǧһ֮ʶ˹ȥԸæͣȴΪ̫ڹ֮СгʱҲīӰˡ
ԵģīһʱûסЦԴ˿̵ģʵڻЦͷ϶Ŷ·ʪյճϡ
̧ͷͿīɫֽ࣬ͷժ£ɷĩһӣ·ָ
īüںɻ⵹ˣԽԽġ
󿪣ȱϸСüĿжЩлᦲڣһԲԵɱﵣ˴ǰ˵
ԷɵգīƬ̣ЦһҾС
Ϊսپ˫£Ԥ׵ĻζΧķݽֽһ۵طĶ֮زϵС
Եĵ֮±һ޴󷨣һ̾ͽɵ˴˳ȥֻ֮ʣˡ
âΧīγһâ⻪ϵѹΪ
Ծ֮⾲ؿīǽһĨȡ
īеȷʵüζƿ󷨣ıԵ˼âͶãܵеԽǧ֮أīԷſ֣ӵС
û˶˫ֽӡһ󷨺Ե󷨿⣬һʱ¡¡ϣ󷨲ͬԵᲢۣܿͱѹɾ
ֿȭĺԹ˼кīЩˣжٻչ鱻Ӱ쵽ˣץסյһ̽ؿڡ
īϢһңؿڵ˼˵ľ룬ԣ򴽲
֮һ͹ԳԴЦһǰһ󲽣뵽֮ڡ
ԲīϢĻᣬԾߣὣҪȥĽۿžҪ̽ĿڣԵξʱͣ˼ӣƬ̼䣬īѸٵĶ˹ȥ
Ե۾ţ󷨣㡤
һλεĳԵĿڣǰ͸ȥīŽûͣһֱǰȥûԵĿڣͣ
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û뵽ȻīļƣȻǲ֮࣬㲻Ҳ̫ܣҵôģ
ī֮ڣ󷨵ƣһīͻᱻ飬ôƤӵ²֡
īָ⹴һϵСһҡ죬ͷϸϸķ·üĿ飬㲻֪Ҿ͸㣬ʵͲУһֱߡ
ĸηζҪһˣǧû뵽īǸйŹ֡
īûп˵ˮˮ㲻䡣
۾𣺡ˮˮ˵ˮģģΪΡ
īЦһΪλ͸㣿ˮˮǰչ㣬ΪƾʲôôáȫǲмˮԺεºֵͷεĶԴ
ĵһƬæԳ˵īΪ˶αطǰأ
ǾƲīΪˮԵʣҪˣϸδš
ī˳ЦЦ̼
˿ѹͷǰٰζȫȫͶ뵽īĶУֻҪīˣе¶ֻܣǵڵӻйˮ¡
ī˵ԣվԶϾĹţƺһҲһԴʵ˺
Ȼīе̬мȴɫɫжһ˿̿֡
īĿ飬ЦǲǸܵв
ľˣ꾹һɢȻȷʵһ㣬Ͳˣڽʲôֽţ
īüëһƣѵûϳѽ˭ģĽ꣬벻ֻأ㲻֪һһҪԶ˽Ȼʧˣٻ˷Ĳ꣬͸ڽϡ
ŹŹһЦǿɶԲȱĪӦᵽ걻һɵĸоɣϿӣȻ÷ȥǾȺǺ޵ֿ
ȷʵī˵Զ˲ٷ赲סеĲл꣬ĲлҲֵĺܣʲôҲ£쳣
մȥԵɢֻʣһˡ
~ԭѹŵ󷨱īƿ⵽޵󷨵ķɣһѪϢή
īҲûżȥϾվԶԴȫ⡣
ǳ׻ˣæ˵īյϣҶǵڵĵӵķϣŹңҿԶɡ
īĿţڿС
ԱĿһ̣ܲ˵ĴɱңҲúȫµɶ׷ɱ㣬֪߱ɡ
ī룬ԴϣҿУȻԼɣ˵ʱϵɻΪһѹʵɵһ½ɣǻϢˡ
˵⻰ʱȫ٣ɫ졣
һȥ
īЦһģҿȫӵΪӶģһҪֻġ
ִھгһҲһ˵ΧŰת
ԼܣʹڣҪѽ
īֱӴɢ˰Ȼ󽫺޵ֿ֮İ˷ܵŭһŰصīڡ
ˣǵҲĲˡ
Լߣ˫ĿѪ죬ʵĵ˻𣺡ī
īԣ㺦ʱҾպ䵽ǸζԸ㣬ôɥ£Ǻܼ򵥵ġһȻңҾ͸
˽ɱ˲գۣҪϰֺαŵȥ⡣
ĵκˣµĵһֱΪǱīԭġ


һЦ2

¡īĵطͻȻһ죬Żͻ֣ܿģȥȡ֮һ޴Ŀ˴ӵӲŻ
һɴ·ĿһУİ仰˵ĿźúõŻһ
Ȼ㿴һʩʩȻ˽ÿͬһ㣬ֻǱɻɵ˰Ӷź
ĺɿҲûһۣһִһѿлᦣֱĴǰ˹ȥ
Ǻлɢġ
˵һƣôҲǻ˳ǧôͱһ˲Ҫѵ⣬һĿɨ˹ĻͿɤˡ
֮䣬ĺѾԶȥ
ϲûй£ֻǽĶ࣬˸ֳľ޴󶯾Ż٣ǲðˡ
Ŷһ²һ£Ǹɾ͵֪£ĸۡ
ؿڵĽĽԽ͸ԼɼһģӰӳͣϢήҵ㣬Ҳɢѱ˴룬΢
īӣǺƽûбֳٵϲ⣬෴˺ܶ࣬ҲԣԵĺʱ֮³һִִִһ㣬ֻûôԵıֳѡ
ŪĶ˲ˣ˿Եĸۼ˲ɣŲȴһ˸ҴϾ˵ס
ִ¶ķҲᣬȥˣڡ
֪ԭ򣬷ǺǱһ㶯ҲûУǾĵģ·֪סһ㡣
īѲ󷨸棬봳ҲҪȾ󷨲С
ĺԽԵĸۡлԽһ·׷лᦲô˳˹ԶԶؿţһɣлѸٵķˡ
лЯź͸ʱī͸ܵˣ֮Աæлٻصߣע⵽лѾѳɼ֣ܿ뵽лᦼȻصߣĺӦˡ
īɫͻȻ˼䣬ĺɵӣȻ׷ô˿̾͸棬һͷۣûøôͲźã˾׷
ĳ񣬲µһεڱɢתۿʣ޼ԣīһҧֽڵΣǲĺɼԣǼҲü
ٶȲ󷨻εƵʸ죬ۿ󷨾Ҫƿˡ
һ͵Ĺĵīǰûǵģ
īüǰˣ֪ݴʱǰкιɣҰ˶ִҲκ۾֮ѾǷˡ
Ǳôһ˵ֵҲⲻΣҪô˵治ǻꡣҺ㳤˵λȣʦ֣ϾҪ˴ʱҵӣ˵һʱҪһңĲǸ˵ġ
īĿҪ˵ֻǷǻûģǱһӡ
ε̾˿˴ʱʣ޼ĳҲǱˣϣף㽫ĲлңҺ˶߱ȫûһ̡
īһüΪԵĲл꾹Ȼ߱һ²ƽϣ˵ûè壬ͯţлҲ룬֪ҪлΪʲô
Ѿõ㣬Ƭ̼ܱƿǼе˵Ϊÿһ˵ʣһ㣬ֻأҲˣģҲֻˣвģҺǷԵġ
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īͷ˿д覵ЦЦֻҪɸԼܷ׽ٶܳܣʷΪɾͳ˵ˡ
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áīγгԿ޵궪˷ǣȻҲͬ⽣еĻ䲻ȱģôһɵĻ꣬ӦûָĲˣֻأͶ̥ɣ
ǻϲصĽӹһһ꣬Ѹٵ뿪ˡ
īָӳ׽Ե˸ɾɫķɻ䵽˺ɻУЩīʹüЦЦûҪԵΪȴ
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ī泯Цų֣һ֮ǰǰģ
Цʮǿʱ׼뿪˵أĺɴʱϲûʲô飬ȻҲʲô飬ǿһëûлᦽĺס£лᦵƬ  
ĺɲ֪«ʲôҩŽֽ˽ǲĳīȥ˼һЩ뷨
ĺ˵моŭī˵ǷûīϲģǾʲôʱʼģͬʱֿʼǲīһʱЦŭһ˵ƭһͽסƲһ˶ˡ
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īĺԶʱɿ˵ʦ֣ôƳлᦵ󷨣벻Ҳͬ죬֪Ϊ˺£
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