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İ
Ұ޺Żʦһۡ
ΪԽĶʵڵĶ
رҰȴһΰɱдԽ
˹Ϯׯǲ֫ϱۣҰвʬ˲Ӭ
ҰóʣﲻҪ£Ҹ㻭ͷ
һ
˵һλҽͽժָ£˶֫
ɱǧڽͷҵǸҽ
ֻǸҽ
ҰҽʲôҽⱲӶѧҽģҾǸƻģҪ׬Ǯлл

cp
йҽ˵ȫϹ
һ仰飺βˣɣ

ݱǩ    ˬ
ؼ֣ǣҰ  ǣ 

Ʒ
֪ҰսʱСĴԽ˹ȥĹȥԶֹԼôƽսңΣҰʴҽǸ˵ģҪһã
Ĺ˼أϸ壬СӽΪ㣬д̬ܿܿķȴԵóأ²ѹֽգڿͬʱŵĸж


1 
ʵֻæ𣿺ܾûмء
ȥǼҺǑӵϰĸʵִкƵϰ岢ⲻϺϵİ̺ۣҲÿȥɷжô˾¡
һҿªϵ꣬ӲʵָնͿˡ
СʱĸǻžƹƵʱ͵͵ó㹤˺ܾõǮôһӸԼ͵ܵǳԣºĸױɹԼɱԼҲΪ˹ɱӵĶԱҵҲͬһ㿪
ϰȻҲǵȻ׶ʵĳܺõС
ôƵϰʱǲʵҲ΢һ£ù˺ܶࡣ
ʵڹ϶صϼҵʱǻһЩʱϲĵĵԣ֮ԶԶؿԼܵһ뿪
ӡ
ֻβʵֲǰһߣ¡
λΪϢΪòһ¡
ܵϮˡ
˵ϮһźɫС䣬źɫ֯ĲĹ˱ĲִߣҲ֪ʲô
Żص
壬ûʲôô
ٺǑӵϰɫ˵ƣյһƬůڡ˼һ£Ȼ˵ͷİ˵Ļһ
ϰһ£ǸƯСӣʮɣƺǾǱߣŵ·Ҳ󣬾岻ǺܺõӣÿγŶڰû̫ʱƤܰף⸽Ĺͷ˶ϲ
ʵ岻ǺܺãÿγŶڰû̫ʱ򣬾;ԼҶˡ
ںЩĹ˶ϲѡԵӡ
ʲôʵʵ
ϰƺЩΪʲôʵֻôһûмˣȴǸһ˵
԰һЩǴɫС䣬źɫ֯ɫĳֱһ˳ںڷңǺÿˣ֪һˡ
ʵڳúÿһϴһ
ŶˣҲˡ
ϮܵܵģӦþֻ
ϰ˵ſڵϰŤͷһЦݸʤ
Ұ
ʵڼ˵ĵһ۾Ϳղ۵Ļ˴žͰǳĺ׽ƵС䣬źɫ֯
ѾϵĲȴܱž˴¡
Ȼģˡ۾
ǷǳټĽɫͫף䣬һ۾ͺҪȥƵġ
Ϻá
ƿҰһǸڽ䣬ɫСӵϡ
ֻɢһɷս⣬䱻ĳ״Ӧһѵ¶İɫСӱдһɫġ硿֡
ǹɱӵġ
ǵȵˡ
ҰһһǸòԵЦЦŵʳзڹ̨ϣЩ鷳ˡ
ˣԵȡʵ֣뿪һ¡ϰ·ĽӹʳУȥҪĵģҰ벻ʵֲԶλµȴ
ʵ֡ô
׺ݵȴ൱ɰְ
ҵ겢֮ľֻвһ׵ľ룬ٴӲʵֵλãԿҰ˵Ĳ
Ϊһ˵ʵǺÿЩ֣Ƥְϸ¶һСֱۿϸִ˿Լָͷܰ첲ϡ
һúÿǻѡ
ʵֵʵ̫ڳ/㣬ҰһװУֻ΢תͷףλʲô𣿡
һתͷĸˡ
ϲûйеĺۼͫмָףͳͳûУȻƤڰЩҲڽܷΧ֮ڡ
Ӧһҹ
ͨĹûô̬ġ
y޲ҿǧɱӵ׷ɱθ֮⣬ľ̬
˭֪ʲôʲôط
ʵû˵ֱĵҰëȻڡ
ֻҰһڿʵֻǿԼ˵ʱ򣬻תͷȴǳʵһԼСۡ
˹֯}ûš
䲻ĵһļžΣϰܿʹӺһҼžװ˺͹ʳз̨ϣԭҪʵֵĵİҲ˲Ѿװˣ
ˡˡҰһӻͳֽҵݸϰ壬뿪
ſڵִľյԶȥʵҲǮѵŵȥ
ǲôεֻˣ˶ĵطóȻ֣֪˵˭Ż͡
ڵ磬ҲӣѾ͸ˣڻ·ߵĵܹؼҵ·
ʵֲԶĸţǰҰһǱ£ЩԼ޲öԶԶСͷ˼ҰһʱܻЦĸãӼóЩˮǵҪҰһܾˣֻյȫա
ǿžʵۣĲ͹ཹӿ֣޲ðҰһŮ˶ﾾϽߣҪﵢʱ䡣
ʲôܴݾߣþĵں棬ò׵ҰһЩŮ˷ֿһ˹սСŽҰһӡ
˳ӡԼӹһԼˡ
ʵһȴûǰŸսȥҰһ
٣ʵûסһ䣬֪Լˡ
ϣҪؼңԼûڼңȴû뵽һӿڣҵҰһӰ
ǸźɫСץһˣѪѾ͸˽µ۾գȻѾʧȥʶ
ʵԭֵĻɣʱ˾ŷ֡



2 
Ұһ.鿴ϵĺۼȷûΣգֻʧѪ֮΢ġ
΢һ˵˿ڣͽ׼Լҽһ˿ڣϧհ˷ӺϮĵòһץ˵ļһš
ʵһһҰһСĽ˷£ڳλΪͻȻҡ
֮ԩ޳ΪʲôͻȻԼ
Ϯҵܵܵˣ𣿡ʵһᵽԼܵܣԭüǸǵҸ᧿Σ
ҪǻڣҪֱһֻͷ
̬ϢصҲܺãʮµҰɡ
νֻҪңɱˣ
Ұһüܵܣҿûмĵܵܣǲϴˣ
в
Ұһʼˡ
ԼͲӦóɱӵĳԱô࣬ȫûбҪĪļһһǸûˣתߣȫͲʵ˷ʱ䡣
⻰ڲʵֿǼǲסԼ˭ȫںһıԵ
ۿҪߣʵָϽַ˹ҪҰһ
ߣ϶ᱻԵ
ʵֵѻڿȦڲʵֵʾȥѰĶʿİ
ÿλѲһɣʶ˵ѲߵûĶʿڣֻʵûôǿ
ֺӵˣһҪԼɱֻУҲΪԼΪӶԮ
һλʿҪϹҪʮӣʵֲ֪Լ϶ãȻҲп֧ԮʱѾֻɱˡ
֮֮͡ڷᰣ
һĺɫŤ˿ҰһĲӣͼֻĲӣҲҪ
ֻھʵЩŲֽţӵӶˣû˳鿴Ϊ˴Ķ
һͨĹɱӶʿһ㿪ǵ⣬˿ȴΪ𣬱նȥһͷ
ҰһĴ˿ȷ⸽ûйɱӵ˶ʿѻڶ϶ԲʵֽͣҲ֪ΪʲôǹȻϴˣֻѡ
.ƨ
ʵֵĵܿ죬Ұһٶȸ죬Ľֱӿ˵ϣҰһǸ˵ˣȫʧ
.˵Լǹ
ʵָ֪һ¸ϢûҵԼҪҵˡ
٣
æĶʿȲʵԤҪö࣬Ҳûʲôˣ˶Ѿˡ
ʵûʿ׼дŸֳһֻʵĪĹĶʿ׼
ιûдֽʡʵʵ
йæĶʿæҡͷ
һҼĶʿ˵ʵԶԷʵֵʱ򣬳˶ʵľη֮⣬Ϊʵֿʵ̫׺ݡ
ʵһ𵶡
ԼܵܺǸ˲֪ȥһ뵽Լܵܺпܱˣʵ־ͺ޵ĿҪ衣
һҪҵļһɱ
ʵֱһӵûйֻܺ޺޵Ĵһǽڡ
ʵѰҵҰһھ׾լԺ档
ﱧŵʳ͵ķ£˵ƣӰһ˴ϵˡ
ֻϮ˵Ĺû֣ϵ˼⣬ûΣգ֮úòһ.ͺá
һ߸˴˿ڣһ˼һж
̹ĲóӦֱ겻˻ˣĿǰΪֹԼΨһһӴĹɱӶʿ
Լһʱ䣬ĿǰӴ̶̼ӵõϢɱ֮ǰЩͼʿҪࡣ
Ұһˡ
˵ǴӾδʱġ
ҰһֻȥԼΪ˵ĸԶȥԼȴûа취øԻȥ
ϾԳֵʱڻһٶʱ䡣
ҰһʹԼЩ֣ЩΪԼҲȥ£ҰһĴûʲô
ǣҰһȥĵ죬ˣԼһʱȵЩ˿˵Ĺ
Ϯ˴ׯׯһٿ˴룬ſģû̫ģȫһ˻
ʱ뾿ʲôŻᱻΪû뵽֮ף֣ǻʵġɵʳ˹
Ұһһҹնǿͷ­ʳ˹Ƶĸֱ̫ʳ˹¶֣Ϊҽ
еŭΪⲻȻǱΪģĿԵĴ
õӢҵҰһš
зŭ
ɱ˼ֻ֮ڵ֪绹һ֯ɱӡ
ɱӹ˼ɱĶ飬Ȼ֯Ǿ͸ðˡ
ܱһϹתҪõö࣬Ұһ׼ж֮ǰһֵСкҲΪѡʱͣС
ɾͽĽӴɱӵĶԱƺ̫
һ˵˿ȫ֮ȥϴ˶ڴʱҽſڵľűˡ
ҰһΪǲˣϽȥţû뵽⣬ȻѭѪζĲʵ֡


3 
ҰһʶĺһְŹϡ
ʵִŭ
û뵽ԼֻҸҽһ˿ڣ˳ֽʸһϢ˭֪ȻײҵֻͱһĲʵôܾôҰһˣû˵γҰһն˹ȥ
һǸҼʿ֪ʲô۳ŷţͻȻͰε˽ȥһॵ졣
ҼʿһãȻҲγ˵ų˽ȥȻͿʵ־Ȼεҽҽ
ˣλʿЩţϽȥʵ֡
Ҫҽݵϰ忴ȥǸͨˣǹɱӵôܶͨ˳أ
ҰһüţͲʵϡ
ձ˻Ϣʵôɷ˵Ĵң˵ᲨĲˡ
Ժк͹ɱӺĿܣǱҪѹϵŪ
žּˣĶʿ岻ֻ֣վſڣʵֺúÿСҽ
˵ǵսǸźɫСҽסضţûж֡
ҰһһתվſڵĶʿߣַļ򣬽ӷ˳
λʿӦĻᶼûУͱҰһ˳ȥ沢
ߵ·ڹһ䣬ǲʵԭļңҽݺԼҲǿھӡ
קȥҼʿû뵽ԼȻô׾ͱȥָѹż򣬱ôһԼŵұ۸òһ˵ϡ
ſ
ǳǸǲôĻûа취ҽءҰһûɿץž϶ʿ֣ڿԺҺúõ̸𣿡
о֣ʵֹȻԥˣĵһת˸䣬ҰһűߣҰһΪЩɽĳﵽ档
ʵֶԾϺɸ֡
ô׵ıһֻЮ֣ˣĶʿôҼģ
ϸп˵ܸܵСҽʵûָͷԼϵĳطһԼͻûվŶǿСҽţᷴ
ûû侲Ȼúýһ֮ᡣҰһòԵЦЦʱίˡ
ϸϽҡͷ

磿Ұ
һ۵𣬲ʵֶһ£ŤͷԼ
ڲ˼Ұһϵʱĵܵܣ־ȻˣԵĳ
Ϻã֣õ𣿡Դʵֵ䵭ʮĺӣҰһ̬Ҫ˺ܶ࣬ƵףĿҲһʶ
ʵֵüͷ޲ܼһֻӬ
öˣллҰ硭ʲô
ʶʵַʡ
Ұҵľˡֲ̫ǸʲôΪʲôԼ뿪ôõĴڼҸõָҰ
ҰǸ˰϶ʲôᣡ
ˣʵü˲٣ʲôˣ
˹ҰҴӹģơֽ͵ǲʲô᣿ҰǸˣǹġ
ܵô˵ʵֳ˼ͽصʣջԼĵ⣬ɾҰһ֪ʱĹ
ҰһòԵĹ΢Ц
Ұһɿ˽ž϶ʿ֣ڵϵĵʰݸ˾ϡ
ܳ
ллл
أղʧˡ
˲ڣֳŵƺȻǾûҵˣȻȥϢˡ
ȵȣʵסҰһ㻹ûнɣߡ
Լĵܵܶ𣿡
֮佣ŵЩ֪룬æ.м䣬Ұһǰ磡Ұɡ
ÿʵԸԼܵܣȴ뿴ԼΪһΥԼڲȷǲǹʱ
кܶ໰Լ˵ڵȻֵɣֻȽ⡣
ԼҰôһᡣ
ܻС
ҪҰҵľˣֱ۾󺰡
һüͷǿڴֵ֮ˣҪˣֻҪ֤Ҳǹ͹˰ɡ
ʵԵ˵ͷ
Ҫô֤
ʵֱ˵ҿһ᲻ͺãһһԼŪ˰˿˲ͺòˣ߾ֻһ˵
ȵ̫֮ûͿˡ
̫ġ
Ұһ֪£Ϊɱʱ϶ǰѹͷֱֿȵ̫֮ɹ̫ͻ
ɱӵֵҲɱûС
Ұһ˵ͷ
һֵļңһιΪ˸ҩһξȻΪ֤Լǹ
Цġ
ʵԱߣСĸԼԼΪʲôʶҰһ˵Լ㱻Եʱ򣬻ɱݶ
ȻҰһɱ˹־ˣϵɱҰһϣҰһû֡
֣ҿϵ˿ڡʵ֣Ұһֿϵˣ˳ҩֹԹԵ߹ȥˣϵ˿ڱ¶ڿС
ʵֿԼҵܵϵˣ׶˼ȣϥϵ̲ס߬ȭͷ
Щ˿ڶǹ
ȻеĹ
Ҫ»һҩֿȥҵҩù𣿡
ȥԵȣֿһ۸磬ȷ֮ͬŴ·ȥһҩ䡣
Ұһֳֿ֮ʼĿ񣬵˲ڡ
ֵ顭лл
ʵֵС׺ݣһ飬
۾ɫ˲ʵֵϣ˵ʲôһ˸ƣûء
˵лл֪ҰһװԲʵִظһ顣
ѽҰһֳЦ⣬Ҿԭɡ


4 
ɱȥҽݵֺʲôûܵ˲ļָϽܻ
ڼŵţల£պҲûôӲ
ల¾ͺá
Ұһ¡Ұһڸֻҩ֮ŶԲʵ˵óµıҪϡ
ʵֵѾѪȾ죬Ϊûҩֻ˲ûٹܣڿʵʵ˻Ҫء
ȥˣҰһǸ˳Ӿᵽһߡ
ΪҽһǼñ˵ģһᣬſ
ʵֳһ£ǹˣ֣һ˿ĨҩȻűѲҩĸ첲һȦһȦĲ޵ζڱ档
ϡѪѪζԽĹҲйټ
ԽһεĻɹȻɱ
ҰһĶᣬ˿ڱҩˮ̼ۣʵȴֻüһԡ
ܵ˿ɱضˣ㲻ʲô
Ұһʵֵĸ첲ϴ˸ᣬβ˽ȥһĽʹˣʵְֳ»һȷҰһıж裬С˵лл
ղǷ˲ʱ䣬ѾҹھǶѾϢֻǼﻹŵơ
ҲΪھǶϢˣĴϢͽŲԵøԡ
ⲻҹʱǣʲôҪעĿĽӽ
ѵС͵ʲô
Ƿŵƣ˵˻ţС͵Ҳᱻ֣Ǿ͡
ǹ
Ȼˡ
ʵַĵϣӵվ˱˸ƣŷ˽Ųƶſڡ
ſˡ
죬·Ұһĸ첲뿪
ﲻԼֵܹĵط
Ұһȴ뿪
㶼ܴܣɲӲûקȵվԭأָק
ȶһֵ֣˹˳ⲽſڣһŵš
ϵĹֲֻüӶצӣʵһ䣬һն˹ۡ
ʵ׼˹ĲӣֻͷһȻѾ׷뻯ΪҽֻĺҲΪֹ
վűߵһȻ֣һץסֱۡ
˲ôһŤһֻѹԼļֱӰԼ˵ϣֻһĸ첲ȻһŤϣ˳Źԣıѹ˵ϡ
Ҫ֪Ϊ֮ǵǿѾﵽһ߶ȣָױȵƬҪͷȸֽҪӲ
ͷֱŤϵȷǺʹֻҲʲôƲ磬˲ˣԵ˹ɱӵĶʿȻɱӵҲôͷټ
ֻɱҰһһֻ
мָףвĺɫͫϵĸ첲ɢŶڹĶ
ȻǹɱѰҵֻĹ
ҰһϥǶŹĺ󱳣Լѹסֻ޷
ҰһôȻܹŵҰһϵζȻǹζڸԵЩԼϵҲȷһϡѪ
Լ쾹ȻôˣһϡѪ˺ǹɱӵģǣԼǹ
̫ˣ
ֻҪɱѹԼϵˣȴǱһɽƵģ󱳱ѹţֻȻܻ
ҰһһһǺʣһ֧С۳Ǻʣڹļʹ.ȸƾջ˼Ǻɫīĵһ㽫֫ϣ·ֶ˶٣ڹϵıŲˡ
йɱӵڣԼͲõòʵְͷͺá
ӿˡҰһӹվղǷ·մ˲Ѫֻҹ̫ڣ·Ǻɫģ̫ˡ
нҰһȴüǳҸط·ˡ
ʵɶҲû˵ѹĲӿ
Զû˵ĹۿɼٶȱɷɻңʧڿС
ҰһˣŰеıɿǺʻûؾƾʧʵۣǲԼ۾
ǡѪ
ʵִδֵֹֻ֪Ѫ
ʵ֪Щᣬʵֱô
ܷŹκһԡ
ղʲôʵʵ㲻ࡣ


5 
ɱӵܲҲǲݷҵפأھ벻Ҳĵط
Ϊ˷ֹy޲ҵǵפأɱܲĵַһֱڸһֱܲĶʿ֮⣬˶ڹɱӵܲλʵҲǺ
Ƶʱ򣬹ɱһεַ
y޲ҵĶС˺ܶ࣬ɱӵפҲܾûбˡ
ȻܾҲûкܾãҲһˡ
ѻŲʵֵż˹ɱܲ
ѻܲʱѾӽ磬״ÿµĹɱݷҫ׼òͣյ˲ʵֵѻż
ǰĲݷҫվôż
Ѫٶ죬ڰǰϻʱ۾ȥݷҫյѾ̫ˣٶȥ꣬ԼͻΪʧڰ
˿ݷҫôܣӹȴݷҫҡҡͷܾ
ʵ⺢ڸҴţ϶ʲôҪ¡
ʵֳǱҪٻдţÿθԼдŻ϶ǻ㱨ʲôҪҪ档
뷨Ĳݷҫգڿżݵʱʵһѡ
ٳͷͽβļ黰м̶̵ļֵĳòݷҫЩʧ̬
ϣг˹֮
ǳúһģһȴη⣬źѪһ
ֻǲ֪ΪʲôԹ˽ǳѷһЩʶҲǳãȻʵְ˼⣬ֻݷҫ
ʵֺҰһʶʱͳʮСʱҰһǸʲôˣҲǺ
ȴҲ֪ҰһΪ⣬뿪y޲ҷ֡
̫ˡݷҫ૵ѵϣг˹֮ķ𣿡
ʵ˵ʲô
Щ棬ݷҫձ㽫żøһĮڿż֮ҲΪ𾪣⡭
y޲һֱѰҿµİ취֪˴˵ĴڡǾΣˡݷҫΪɱӵ֪ҪȲʵֶһЩҰһĴʵҲЩ޴֡
ֻܼϣڹɱЩ.ϣܹЩҵ𰸡
ݷҫס˲ȥ鷿ͷǵصĹżѰԼҪĴ𰸡
*
峿һ⴩Ʋ㣬Ұһϡ
ɾѵҰһ棬ǰһС̯һᣬŻơʵֿһ۾ûʲôȤˣô涢Ұһܵ
ҲףҲҰһܣȻҪԼץס
һֱں濴Ұһʱʱ̾
ҰһĲǴͻҲձͳĸ棬һֿЩ΢ֲ˵ǲÿĻ磬Ǵûпֻġ
ֻҰһɫϹ˼֦ɫı˰һֱҳҰһųҰ˰ӦǺɫ𣿡
Ұһֻʣƹɫı˰ҩǲʶҲϾ⻨ֻƹСҰһͷ룬ƽǻиӹŵĹ岻Զǧƹ⻨ֲ
Ǻ󣿡
ֻѾܵƯĿ飬ǧߣ϶Ѿˡڹڻû⻨һӦò˻ôʱ;⻨ֲ
ֵõ˽ͣͲ˵Ұһ
ֱҰһŷ»ʣһСصĻ
һǳľᣬһѾнһָȻûӦú컭ĶһĶ
ֱ峿ϣҰһʩʩȻĽԼõĻڿ֤Ҳǹ˰ɡ
ȫ¶ڿУǹӦѾ峿ĵһ⻯ΪҽҰһûУɺúõվȫһ˿ʡ
ҰһЩȴѽ͡
еδ֪˺棬οǴδ˷ֹ
ʵֳڸָĿǣҪȷҰһǷ޺
дŶԲݷҫ˵¡
ŵĲʵ־Ұһ
ڲʵò⣬ݷҫҲûֻܲȡ׵ķʽҰһԸҲûãڽܹȷǹȴȷҰһ྿ûе⡣
ʵ֪ԼڶǣҲû취¡
ʱ.УҰһʱֺѲ˶롣
û㲻ǹʵַǳ̹ȻĳˣֻҪȷ޺ġ
޺ָĺܶ෽棬ܵ˵ֻһҪ
Ҫ͹y޲ͬۡ
ҰһıЩ΢ŲʵֵӲƣôʱ仹𣿡
ֵӣ㲻ʵּȥ
ʱ䣬Լˡ
ҰһȫպãЬ׼뿪ʵæҰһҷǳǸǡ
ҰһһŤͷףҲ뱻˼ӡ
ɱӵΣͲʵ־
ԣǹɱӵǲʵ֡
֣úչԼԻ״ָ֮˱һʧ˵ߵС
ûлԼҽöôӻ䣬뿪С
ʵԤ˺ܶҲԤ뵱С
Լˡ
ʵ֪ԼҲӰȥٵҰһֻдһŸ߲ݷҫҰһ̬ȡ
ûе⣬ԹɱҲûʲôƫǳ˸Լľ
ʵ֪ԼҰһûɶӡԼûкӡνҪǲҪǣɱϡ
ԭ׼ĲʵְѶӷãҲֱӳȥ
磡һֱĬ˵ˡҲҪ𣿡
ʵͷҲûصĹţֵߡ
ֿźϵŰ壬ջ̾һǷϵһǲУͰﲻæҰ
ԼС綼ۿԼһۡ
ȥҰһȻվԼңҵһѺɫģĿǰӦñϸƵ
㡣ҰһѺɫ.ǹӵ˲ֱֵߣԿķʽҪִڽ
ʱһˣ֡


6 
ʵû뵽ҰһȥԼܵ˵㾪ϲ
ǳûڣҲ֪ôͲݷҫս
ǲõԼΪԼ޷ԭԼ
˲֮ҰһǣҵˣԵĻ벻ʵԶ㡣
ݷҫڵ֪֮Ҳֻǳ̾һ̾ǿҲû£Ƿ
Ұһ뿪һʼС˸ӷĶ
ʱڵĶѾպķĿĵ̺ʹȺڵĶ
ûֻǰǰľһζˡ
ҰһѡµСҲԼ˽ĵġ
Ӱ֮֮ƼķչޱȱʱδչСȻĳЩǳëҰһ
ʱȻҪѡʱᷢչĶӡ
ҰһôڶڷĶˣزپҵ˸ССҽݡ
ʵ֣ƶҪҵҰһҰһȥﶼ֪ȫʲôֻ֪֪ҰǷⶼ֪⻹ҡ
ǲʵֲûз²ݷҫն˵⣬ִһҪҰһҵ
Ǹˡ
ڶӵҰһһ
һʼȷΪúÿҽǸͳԷְҵ˭ûͺᣬ忴ôõ˾Ȼһ־տҽ
ɹĽһλΪȶϵĹ˵Ƚȥһָ֮ͳ״˳ȥ
ֻҰһֻвмĲˣһͷ֮ģȥһЩ˲֢
ǲΣǲҡ
̫עĿ̫עĿ˵ĶֻҪҪ˵ע⡣
ҲֻйɱЩĻȽóƵҽ
ȻڿʼӪһʱ֮ҰһϴŹɱƷĹɱӶʿ
ЩʿϻȫˣӦǸմսֳϵ˿ڶûдǹʱĲһΪڰﶷŹ
Ұһûйϵôģڽǵκ֮뿪ʿҲʲôû˵˷ͼִȥ
˵һ˵ڶ
ƺûݣԸĹɱӶʿһҽҽ߿
ݵȷǲǮģô˵һּµĸо᲻ڣҰҽǮܵõӦеչˡҰҽյǮҲ࣬Ǽѵ΢ҧҧҲܼǮ˼ʵ̫ˣ᲻ǮѸ˿
˵ҰһڸһƬԽԽ㣬ĳš
ǴԽԽףҰһϵ·βƵġ
Ƕ˵һԴϵҽ׹ǣβõģκãǸԷҶȵŮˣָ
ң˶˵ʵе
ҪҰһȥǵĸۡǿֵǻڹ״̬ûиж
ڼ֮һ̻ϰ˵ԴǴȥΰ֮ͼùˣѰҽҲ޿κΣֻ
Ҳ֮١
ҰһĿѹ£ֻҰһóƣһЩ֢ûҵͶ·£ֻҵҰһ
ܼ˵Ĳ֢֮ҰһȻͷͬˡ
һ·ʹȥǵס
Ұһδ϶ǲģѾͨ˹ݳƷ
ǰĹܼҴӺӾ濴޲ҰһĲɵðѶ۰θһ㡣
ʵһҰһƽ·Ҳ൱õӣлʱЩ·޿ɺǣȥҽԺ˵ʱҰһϴǼС䣬ɲһܴͥġ
ܴ·ˣôᰲĵĴһСҽĬĬţ
ܿ죬ͣһ԰ǰҰһ˳Ӷ߽ȥ
ӭһֻʮСʱ˵ȹһͷ˳ĺںɫڼϣ޼һ鷢УԵöׯš
Ұҽ𣿡Ůɳվû뵽ҰҽȻôᣬΪ
ȵģҽһӡ
ҽ
ˣֻһͨҽ
ҰҪ̫ǫҽҶʮͬһǳҽŮӿҰһһ䣬¤ҵĸףӦǼҸӭӣʱйҪֻӴˡ¤һ¥¥һ⡣
վһλŮӶ̣żȾźɫѪĲæ˸񣬡С㡣
ĸôˣ
ڵѾȶˣûԲС
ȥɣǽſڵšԸƿţҰһȥ
谵ޱȣֻԼԼָſһһŴ󴲣һˣӦþ¤ˡ
ϵһ˯ˡ¤ﷴֽƴ򿪣
ڴϵŮ˱֣Ӹ.ǰһͷǳɫĳҵͷϣüͷ壬΢΢ָϳĺɫָס¤͵ۣ˿۾
ԭ۰׵ĵط˺ɫɫͫϸèƵģ΢΢ſ滹żûпվڴߵŮȫȫĶվſڵҰһȻ궯ҪӴҰһ
Ȼ𣿡һü˼
Ұһֹţ¤С㣬˺һ£Ŀܻ˵㡣
ǸҰҲ֪ĸΪʲô¤ϽѹסԼĸףʵСѹȥͱѿľˣֱӰνС¤ﶥ
Ұһסվȵ¤¤ֻоѵˮһһ֣žͿݵҰҽһֱֻ㽫ĸװȥ


7 
ҰһĲ²ûдܼĲ֢ȷǸἰĲ
˵ǸͲǲΪġ
¤ϲμʱӦ˹Ȼ󱻹˹ֻ¤ҵֻǾ¤ӦֻȾĳֲֹǱʲôνĹ
Ϊָԭ򣬹Ĵһֱģһᶯһ¹Ǵ
ϾѪǧٹ֣Ī⣬˭֪ǻ᲻Ϊֹ֧ɱӶĳϱԵ
Ⲣڰֹ֧ɱӡ
ֻҪϣǾͻǰȫġ
ԣҲ͵ͨ񲢲֪Ĵڣɹ֮ĸı䣬ҲʲôֵĲ
¤ķӦѾǺõˣǷƫԶһЩĵطƻΪ¤аɶ鸽֮ġ
¤С㣬ʷ˱ѾˣҰһȵİס¤ˣѾ˵
Ӧǰ֮ǰشĸ᲻£
棬ĸǲǶ˳˹ԣҧˣϲ⣬Ҽ⡣Ұһʡ
Ͻ˵ͷҲ֪ĸûг⡭ײԱߡ
Ұһһֵ¤˿ΣȻѽ¤˵ֽȫﲻ̫˵ʲô˽ܵĵطô
¤Ͻ˵ͷȥ鷿ɣܺõġ
˵꣬Щ壬ֺظӶһ㲻ȥǱߡ
ҰһεͷС㺦µĻҲԡ
ûе£ϣҰҽ϶Ǹˡ
˿ҰһΡ
Ȼ˵ûйϵǰſһ죬Ұһֱ£ҲνˣҲ׷ʲô
ֻǲ֪ʲôĹ¤˱ġ
ʱɱӵĶʿҲʲôûô׳˵鱨һʼɱӵĶʿǻСĵĿŲֻͨ˵Ұҽǰ˵ЩĶʿˣܹᱩ¶ʲôż˵ȽΣգǱߵĲһҪǲҪǱȥ
ʱ䳤˾ϤˣЩҲҰһȻĻҰһ͵͵ġ
˿ѪҺɹ
ϵĻӦǱ˹Ұһ˸侲ƣƽעĻӦǿԷֱֽżҰ޿ʳš
һŵһ·ֻ
ΪձľĻģлȴǱ߶Ҫ죬ЩĵĵضΣǲҰûģ˵Ұʳ⶯Ϯˡ
ǾʲôϮЩأ
ﲻһ
ҲйǣṫĴڣϵȷйģЩη⣬ʳ࣬˻ǿȱǿһ̶ȣͻӵһЩҰһ͵ӦǱϮű˹
ǡ˾˵ʱûϮǡȴвһ˵ӽΰݻĸ׾ֱӻؼˡ

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Ҫ¤áֽ̡ôһֱףֱ̹Ȼİѡƭӡдϡ
һƭӼš
ֽ̡Ұһ˳˼
кɻֽ̱Ľ˵Ǳ࣬йӰ
һֱҪ̽ѰܵҰһܲĶأ
һӢңȻΪӢۣȴҲΪĿȾȾӢۼԸһֱȵ˻ҪΣգɥʧԵļһ޷޶ãԼ£Ұһǲĵġ
ǰܹӴĹ㲻ʲôҪ֪ȫû취֪ƺͻƿڡ
֯һɣԴԴϵǰͺ̵ļ룬ԼǰЩɢɢĹԱġ
ҾãǸֽ̺˺пܾǹ
˵ĸױΪṆֽ̀ҲܿҰһ˼ǣǲû֤ݣѵҪֱӱ𣿡
䱨ڹɱӵİǾԲԹֵģο󲿷ֵľʲô֪
ô˵Ը˻ɰ
ûг˿ѧ֪֮ͻȻһ˸˵ʵʵйĸҲ˹Ժˡ
ƭˡ
¤￴ҰһȴԭֿŵĻ˰˷ֿš
ϾҰһͺ˵
¤Ұһⷬ
ôҰҽнĸױķ𣿰˵ģĸҪǳ˵Ļͱɹ𣿡
˭֪Ұһҡҡͷ¤ϣʵҶԹûжоֻǡԵĻȥǸֽ̿
˭֪Ұһô˵֮¤ͻȻЩǸʵĸи˵ֻֽ̡ŮԼ롣
Ұһ
ֻŮԼĽ̻ᣬô붼̫ɡҰһЩѵҲŮ𣿡
ԡﵹ֪Ϊĸײֹһθ˵һ·ӣൽȤ˶ܼסҲ·һӡĽʲôȻԼʶĸƳ
ֻŮԼĻ鷳˰
Լô˵ҲǸˣҲŮˣҪȥֻһ취

Ǻ롣
ֽ̣ҸϣҰҽоĸ׻ָҩҲϣҵĸױһʲô󣬾Կڡ¤˵ֽ̣һġ
Ҫôң
ҽʹαװŮҲΥ͸аɡ¤Ʈ˺ϼҵ·ҲԽҽ


8 
ҰһǲץֻоκټҽݵĹæһֱûץôֻоһ¡
¤ֳɵĹڣҰһԾ¤˵ѪҺΪоҩ
Ȼ¤ͬġ
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ûзҰһԼӵƷΪ
Щ
ĸĸܺã漰ĸ׵£ײһ㷴ӦûУƽ
мһʲôԼ֪顣
ｫ¶Ұһ˵ˣȻõҰһһ֪ˡ
ôô䵭¤Щ׿϶ʲôҵģһҪ
ദ˼֮¤¶СŮ̬ҲװʲôҹˣɰһҪץǱ㶨ͺãˣȥֽû׼ã
ʱûС
ôÿǾԲ¶ġ
Ұһ㳤ٺÿҲǸǼԲοеȥǸ
ҰһԼҽ湤Ϊ˲٣ÿ춼в˹ҽûа취ȫȫо
Ұһ˿毺ãҰһ׽ʱҰһ˼۾˼Զ
ڵ٩
ҰҽҲϲŮ𣿡ڲϵĳɱӶʿҰһüŪۣҲҪŮϲ
Щʿ֪ʲôʱͻڹ£Ůӽ飬úõϰȥ̸ʲôģ붼롣
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ȶֲͱסˣȻ˵˲Ϊ⣬ЦĺҰһЦ˵ҰҲ˸ӵ˰ɡ
ҲءҰһԥϲ𣿡
ΪʲôΪʲô
ǲµҾ͸ǡҰһϴ˸ᣬűת׼뿪úϢҼȥæġ
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ʱ¤ǱҲϢ
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Ұһȥһ£ڻ¶˾ģ׼ȥֽһˡ
֮ǰ¤̵ֽĵַڽһϵﶷ֮Լ˼䣬ͷζЩ
ԭֻƽͼĺۼҰһôһͱʵǴлһģһ
ҲȷǱġ
ֻǻױ̷ѵҰһԼһֱڻǸɽˮͼչžһƽĻͻȻͶʯӵˮһ˲
֡Ұһеܿ죬Ǹһֻֻ֣һ£˸֧ŵ㣬Ȼ˳
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һֻè
ǱҰһĻҪ˵ʵҲʮ꣬ûм֣Ҳֵ֪ʵôԾڻżǳ͸͸
ֳҲֻΪŮԡ
ŮԶԻױⶫһ񣬾ָյҲܱԼԻױһϲͨ˺á
ҰһֹԼϣЩյĦ°ͣڻױⷽ桭ʵЩء


9 
ױʲô뽻Ұɣ԰һ˻ձһˣִͳ˲ٻױƷԾԾҪҰһϴչ֡
˱Ƕÿˣ΢һŮҰһϒһᣬ·Ұһϣ󻹸Ұһ˸ŵĴ٣׺һȦ۵ĻһҰһţҰһתȦ
ֶ˰죬üʸҰһüθһ£޹ҼҰһþһϵЦݶסˡ
˵ܺÿɣְŮҪõĶȫҰһϣȥ϶Щ˵Ӷġ
Ұһ¾ӣҲеĳŶ
һ˲һָϽĿڣεжʲôΪʲôһҪαװװױ˱ˡ
ҰһһǸ̵ֽ飬ֻȻ漴ᶨĵ˵ͷһΪһԶĺܣһֱ֧һ˵ģ
ָڵҰһָһ£ҰһôŮӣСеΪϰ߶еģڴŮˣôע⣬СϰߺͿһʱ䶼Ĳ
ҰһǾ÷ȽϺãʵڲȥҲԡ
Ұһˣû뵽²⣬ԭȴ¤լ¤˾ȻѵԼһ˳¤լһ˲֪ܵȥˣ¤ӣû취ӲҲ׷˳ȥ
ʧȥĹ᲻ƲסԼıܳˣ˭Ҳ֪¤һʱ뵽ҰһǣææҽҰһȴûпվǰϤӰ
Ұҽ¤˲ʲôˣԺҪҵҰһŽŲֻһҹ㣬ɫŮӴҰҽķ߳һԭֻƵصķݣʱĳ翵¹۾գһͻصȥ
¤￴ˣԭҪ˵Ļû˵Ұһһᣬüʵ¤СôŽң
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ĲţǳʧҰһȦЩȷʣҰҽѵĲŮ𣿡
ʲô£
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ʱողڣȥȷᱻ̫ɹˣҰһ˵ͷ¤ĸȥˣ
Ǳߡ¤ָķ򣬶ʱѾ
ȻؼҵţȥҹɱӵˡҰһ˵룬ָָſڣʿǹɱӵģȻˣǿĶʿæ
Ұһڲ滹ĹɱӶʿ⣬Ȼ¤ڸҲûĹɱӶʿ
Ұһ¤˼䣬˾ʧſڡ
Ұҽݲģҹж죬ôʱ䣬ҰһҲ֪ܲ׷ϴ·Ҳر£ȶ·ٶȴ½˸谵ĵط·һѣԭж·
ֻϵױڣҲ˲ôˡ
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ǰһѾԹȥˡ
Ұһйһ֮Ե
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10 
Ұһɵϣ΢ɲȴʧȥʶ׼ʳ¤ˡ
ŤͷѿʱήңʳͱŰ
ڿҰһһ˲䣬¤˾ͷ˵ֿɵõʳתȥҰһ
ɢζҰһɱڵϵǸһҪóԵĶ࣬ҪȵĻС˺Ѵͣ˭ŸóԵǸȥѡԹѵζǸأ
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Ϊʧȥǵ¤õҰһ˵ɹҰһҪζĵ̳븹
Ұһ޷ֻܽ¤˴Σһֽסֻ˻赹ڵص¤
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Ҳ֪϶ͻȻֵ˾Լ˵ǾԼӡ
лл¤ȷԼû֮ųһŶҰһлվ¤ſԼˡ
ܾ˳죬ȴ벻ԼʲôʱôŮӡڼ˵¤Ҳסʧ˼롣
Ǹ
ȻްĻǾȻȥɡ
Ұһ˵̫ΣˣҷҲ֪ʲôʱѡ
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Ұһ˼һ룬ǻؼңϵĽʵΣգҲûôྭ¤ҵˡ
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ĳͣ档
һҲ֪ôǸûڸԼһ˼Ǹʲô˵Ļȥڻ¤¤
ҰһʲôʲôǵһСʱΧ½½˸OO@@пˮδڵϵ
ߡҰһǸϽ뿪ԼԼվڳ⣬סЩ
Ұҽ
ߣһйɱӵĶԱ
ʱ䣬¤ϵĹɱӶԱӦѾõϢˣõĿԾѾйɱӵĳԱ߸ϣõĿԾǡԼԮĹΧԼ
Щ¤֪
׷Ͽܵ¤԰ҰһΧ˸ܲ͸硣
ãȻһϡѪ
ϡѪǰٷ֮һļʣǸˣȻкܶ۵ļһ
ԹƣΧҰһĹԼĪʮֻӦ⸽еĹˣ˿ȣʮֻȻٵÿҲΪǵʳҲ㣬Ҳ˵ע⡣
жΪıƫԶȴڹ£Щ޸ˣʺϵʳˡ
ҲɵиõʳΪʲôҪȥЩֵģҲΪԭΧסҰһʮֻʵ㲻мֻѪ
ҲǱλ˽й𣿡ҰһȷˣǸëҰһָתıīȴһҲûб˦ʲô֣סԸ𣿡
㲻ǹɱӵİɡΪ׵ֻͻȻֵۣҲûдɱӵƷѻҲûС
ûпɱǵǾͲΪ塣
Ϊ뿪ѡԼ£ǰԼһ̲ʳֱԼˣʲôϵڱĴ£


11 
ȷҲǹɱӵĶԱҰһͣеĶôأָǵ˭ĸʹһЩ
˵⻰Ұһƽᵭ⣬ɢɱЩɱ¾ĹʶĺһЩ־
ǰˣһǹɱӵɣ
ͨôôǿ
֪Լ壬ͷֻ⡣
ȷϡѪҲҪԣǵȷʮֻÿֻսôߣҵı߶ɱӵҶ񿳹вƵףοЩСආ
ͷʶĹûʶ䳰ȷЦͷĹС
ֻһˣǿʮһҧһڣܰҧˡ
ˣ
أǲǰ̫õӶôСˣⲻֻһˣʲôվĳŽǵĹЦϡѪǱɹôãǵһοϡѪأ
ҲЦ
ϡѪ𣿡ҰһüҺܺó𣿡
ȻԵһϡѪɵֵϳʮͨˣǳͣǿҰһѾˣʱ䣬ɻҲδɡ
Ұһõ˴𰸣Ҳʱ䣬еǺʣīڿдһ֡
ɱ
īɫںҹвҹǿܹҰһڿд֡ȲΪʲôڿд֣ҰһʽͺĪ
ѵΪڿд־ͿԴ
ڹ׼ЦҰһʱڳĹ˱ΪءֻȫǸɱи˾ſ顣
һзգ֮䡣
ֻòһʹԼܣΧҰһһ顣
ǸҰһһۣĽѪȴûһνǰ˵ϣִűʣԼ¶΢Ц
Ұһ̧֣ڿд˸֣֡һص㱻һŵĶ뿪ʹǻûȴҲܸǲĤԼ
һʱ䣬ؾȻֻԼһҰһ
֪ҰһǿԼһģΪԼãüֵ
ؾ鷳֪飬ȫҰɡҰһ̧ţϵѪߵǰվסˤڵأմ˵ʵճȳѪҺ
ǰЦĸᣬֻûƤ񶼿ˣ޲תܣӵԽԶԽãףǲԼ뿪ġ
㡭
˭ģĿʲôҰһǰ£ƽأʮ𣿻ʲô
ǵĶͷ˾˭ǵĹӦ֪İɣȫҡ
ʲôûֻôǰƵ
ʵҲֻ֪ͯĥ˰ǽеʲôûɢˣʱҰһȻͱ
޲Ҵˡ
ԣԲ˵޲Ҵ˵֣
Ųһ㣬ͼҰһԶһЩмֻһ۾룬Կǰ·ϵİơ
Ϊʲô˵ѵ˵㲻֪𣿡Ұһ˼룬ûеȵصĻشؼҰһ˸̨£æͷ
˭֪ҰһͷһתŶ϶֪ʲôıѾˡ
ǰĹԼ˵⻰ʱϵıȻб仯ҰһϵЦݲЩ
ǰĹʵǲթͰʵ˵ˡ
Ҳ²¿㲻Ը˵ϴ֣ΪģΪ־أ
һôʣһ߹۲ϵı飬ȻıϵõԼҪĴ𰸡
Ϊ־
˵˻𣿡
صıˡ
ʱҰһͷǳԼǰкúõѧ΢飬ʱ΢ʵ̫ˣǰһֶûлشܹ³Ĵ𰸡
ҲЩɻ
Щôö
˵Ŀ־ͲȫԼһϷ
ҰһõԼҪ鱨ǰôҲڣҰһҲŰûƷ¡
ؼǰҰһ⣬ĵһ
ղԼʲôûлشΪʲôԵõ𰸣
ذ˼⡣
˵ġ
һʱ䣬صıӾˡ


12 
Ұһûֵûа취ɴİȫɱֻܰǵֿһµľᣬ滭һǳ򵥵ļΣȻѱֳɼ鶪˽ȥȻնصĲӣҲ˽ȥ
ȹɱӵĶʿʱѾʲôʣˣֻصѪʾŸղŷʲô
컹ţֵĻЩѪҺӦѾɻҰһûа취ɱЩѪԭء
ɱӵĶʿһоԼˡ
֪ҰһѾЩȫˣǵ֪ҰһʵֻһҽûʲôսԼһܹ϶׶༪٣ֳǱӣѾԸĨͷʣ˰ɡ
һϹĸɱӵĶʿܹҰһչˣҽ۸зǳã˵ҰһҲʱżģҲȸϹġ
ҰһҽԺʱûбֳԼǿƣҲȽŹ򣬳˱ҪʱҰһƽյġҲ˵¤ҵķ˵˲ҰҽҽԼĲ˶ȥҲû⡣
ҰҽΪʲô֪ǹأ
ҰһûлԼҽݣ˸ط·ȷԼûΥ͵Ĳ֣Ż˸ȥ
óʱȥǸֽ̿
֮ǰ˵̵ֽλãҰһûжȦӾҵֽڵλá
λڶһͨ濴ʲôͬ
ҰһٽŵʱһȷԼû¶ڵĵط˸߸ߵ̨ľʴſڡ
ţܿ촫Ӧ
ŵһԡµŮˣжʮͷһֱºֲʧòЦݣֻ̽ͷʱ򣬺ɵͣ˼֡
˰ϵĻҹû֮һò΢üͷĿĳ˺޲뻳
ΪʲôŮӻֽأ
Ϊ̵ֽŮǳֻܹѺͱʹŮӲŻѡѰꡣ
ʲô˲Ż¶ıأ
Ұһ˽ȥ
޴濴Ƿǳͨȴװεĸûʣ𿿽ĵĵƻͨﷴһֱʹ
ڴʽ棬ʯ·һֱ쵽棬ӴſǶȣֻܿ´µӰ
˶û˵һʱֻϸĽŲҰһʹֱۣ·һûʵķ
Ŷѽĺӣʲô𣿸Ұɣһġ
˵ŻӦǸˣ٬˵Ļݣƺ̵ֽĽ
Ұһ̧ͷķ
һźɫµ˧ˣһñӣͷǱѪùĺۼ
עĿģ߲ɫͫףǸܹӵе۾һֱ޵Цݣƺʱ޿̵ע㡣
ţͺΨһһ
һλСءҰһЩȵüãܹСҵҡ
ĻŮǰҲǲ⡣
ͯĥӴλ.ǰ練߶ĶƮ
֮ľʮС㡣
Ұһ°һһֻģźֱ̧°̧ͣͷ֮ľԸܵԷĺҰһҲֱֱĿ˵
ʲôûС
ϴЦݣ۵ȴһеϷʶûУֻʲô޾Ŀ顣
ˡһǸŮ˶ͯĥһͷСˣֱſתȥصľֻ˷ǳ΢ıպ
Ұһüһ㿪ͯĥ֣ˣء


13 
ͯĥȻûΪҰһľٶ˼֮ľ룬ǳǸɰСʲôأҽܵĻҿɲ֪ҪôƺŶ
ҡƺΪǧáҰһ֣һ͸ͯĥݺܾãһ˴ţֻҪûеȥıûʲô¡
ǧǸ֣ǧСҶĶѣ룬ϵĻҹûǧСٷ֮һ
Ұһ֪ΪʲôôС˶ֽôԣΪ˷
˧˵ںŮӿĹҲʮ˵ãһŮӣôһ˧ԼȻҹÿʱҪ԰ˡ
ϧͯĥǸԼòôȤˡ
Ұһͷ㿪ͯĥߣˣҹȼ硣
˵ЩˣȻҵңǿ϶ʲôܵĿѰɣ߰ɣҷֵʹࡣֻǸ˵ı顣
ͯĥԼλϣȣһֻϥǣһֳֻ°ͣҰһıĹ¡
ǧС㿴ӦѾˣʹʲôأɷ.컹ǷҵѣֻҶɷұʲôı࣬ͯĥﶼ޹ؽҪ£㷢ϣҲıֺ
޷ͬܡ
ΪͽıҾµˮҲǺ޸Ļеˮ
ǽͽԼøˣΪԼĿм㡣
ͯĥʵǺܶΪʲôԼζʳǾһֱɡ
οЩѧϰ顭Ҳͦġ
ͯĥĦаĺɺִµĿҰһ
ŮܸԼʲôĸأ
ͯĥû̫ڴܲСҶһɷŴĹ̫˰
΢ʵİɡ
ҰһѾ׼ˡԼĹ£¿Ǿ˿ֵĿ϶ģԹѪᡣ
ȻͯĥĿɲǿܴ򶯵ġ
һŮΪͥȺͳֿһ˽飬֮ɷ򲻽¼.죬ŮɱĹ¡
ҵľʵǴ£˵Ұһ˵µʱϷĵϷ
ݼֻ֣κƽϺܶ࣬װθµĿŶȣټָױ޹ױֻҪԼΣ
ͯĥȴһ˿ûС
Ĺڼ̫ˣ˾ñ˵Ĺ¶˵Ƿǳϵᡣ
̫ˡͯĥ˵Ƕô˱˵ľõģʹĻһֵǳ㲻üɣһϼ磬ֻмûôǳͿѡ
ͯĥеǸûпѺͱȷǳˣûʹ࣬еֻл֣Դһľ
ܹȥĵطһһǳҸ¡
Ů˺ܾãȵҪһֱ˲ų
ǸϢŮӴųΣŶԼлʱһϢȥˡ
ǣ˵ǧС˵𣿡ҹţֻſںʹܹ͸ĵطȫص̺ӺŴԵüΪء
ͯĥñժһߣ˸ƣϣҲ֪˵ǲء
ǣҲǰҰһǸŮ˹ڵϣͷҾáӦġ
𣿡ͯĥЦЦľͺ
ǲĶν
ͯĥǸǧСĹȥȤֻǧСӸȤ
ӵƤңǺϡѪܴǸ棬ͯĥһᡣ
ϡѪҲûгԹֻӵ˳ɫòϡѪǵһμ
ǧСζһǳðɡ
ǣȥ𣿡ֻǧ壬ͯĥ;ԼòˣԭΪҲζ
ͯĥô˵ǵϸֳһ˿ȣΪ
ˡҪԼ
Ǹ֮Լ·ԼƣԼһ.ױ
ԼҪǰˡ


14 
Ǹ̵ֽĽǹ
ֻüСʱϴ԰֮뿪ˡ
⣬ԼҪþá
Ұһﻻ·صԼҽ
Ұһû뵽Լҽ澹Ȼһ˶ûУԭڲŵĲҲȫˡ
Ұһ֪ʲô
ĲģǸǰŸչĹɱӶʿȽġ
ϵ˿ɲɼܵܵĳ̶ȣ´ǲϧԼ塣
ҰһҽתתȷûҵκҲûʲôҵĺۼԼ뿪ġ
ȻĻ
Ұһ߽Ժȷû֮ŽװŹľ򿪣Ѿᵹ˹Ȼ󶶶ᣬװĹȫ˳
һ.ҹĻָȵи˼ĹѾָ˸Ե壬ֻȴһֱĵطҲڡ
ڿ³˹⣬æĴǸ
ϧȴǵģ·ܰɹʣ̫
Եλ˵ĹôҷҰһȷûй֮˾ᡣ
ʹյתһ룬ԼԺƻ£ǸʱҪ»ͦ鷳ģԾûдװԱʱ֮衣
ȥУԼÿҵɱһֱŽϵ̫ܽɱʵ̫鷳ˡ
ҰһֲóõֵҲǲõģ˵Ϊֶ롣
ΪԼҽеĲ˶ܸɾˣûᣬԼϴһ¾ͻ·׼ȥ¤ҿһ¤ôˡ
ֻû뵽¤ﾹȻôԼ޵һҹʶûС
ʲôѽҰһͳݸ¤һᣬѵǷʲô𣿡
ûûС¤һ߿һ˵ĸûʲô£һΪˡ
ɱӵĶʿ˵ֳֻѪûˣѾԸɾʱж຦¡
ҰҽȻ󣬵ǶϹĻ
Ҳǲеİɣ
ԼûȥҰҽĻǲҰҽͲˡ
¤һججģɱӵĶʿ¹ڳԵҰһ֮ҽݶԲ˽бҹתߣȻҰһȥ֮ҲᷢԼҽȫˡ
ȥˣ¤ڽ֮Ұһ֪ҰһһȥΪʲô
ЩһᣬȻȥֽˡҰһȻһ£ǸȻǹ
Ұһڵǳйɣ칤ȥֽϴ԰
˶ܺҰһȻĻŪȥȻ͵͵Ůװȥֽ̡
ֻһֻ˯ĸСʱÿת˶ס˵ҰһֻǸͨˡ
ͰĲ԰ףһ㵭ĺȦ
ڿҰһ֮󣬸Ұһױ͸һ濿ˡ
˿ϧ޲ðģˤ˻ˡ
Ұһ״̬Ҳȷͯĥע⡣
ͯĥʱעһֱҰһϣÿҰһӭһң̸̸룬ϴ԰ͼҪǮĸҰһ࣬ҰһҲȷͯĥƫ˲١
ȻҲֻǿš
ҰһֻԹۣȻһϷֻԼ˷ʱͿࡣ
ûϵ˷ôʱ䣬ֻҪܹõͯĥעǾֵõġ
ҰһڰһΪǧŮӣΪʹۿɼս㲣˵ˣŮ˿Ұһӣ̲ס
ʱȽϸɣû̵ֽ֮ļᣬһٶһŸʽĺͷŮ˹Ŀյϣ̨ϵģĵҪȴһֱľķǵͯĥ
ֻǵⷽ濴ͯĥǺܸεġ
ͯĥҰһϣҰһͷֻܿҰһںڵķԼͷϱŵķ
ͷǧС㶼ŮҪÿĶأĻһǧС㻻һ֧Ҷİɡ
ⷿŲŮõĶ·ƷױõĶӦоСſⷿжƯͷΣ֧ƯʺǧС㡣
ĸúʰ


15 
Ȼ֣ʲôǧСŶܺÿ
ǧСĻ㴩ͷͨŮ˺ÿĶࡣ
˵ǼᣬʵҴᣬЩŮǾһ˵ԼľȻలοٱͯĥһ飬Ǿˡ
״̬ǺܺõҰһҲܵŮǵĻӭΧøָ԰οϣܹһЩ
ЩŮӴͯѾŮӶУÿ˶ԼĹ£ǵ⣬ȴǻԱ˱⡣
õˣԺᱻͯĥԵ
ҰһĿͯĥ£ֻþȫǾ
̫ˡ
űܿ࣬ԼȴҪƣʲôˣԼγǱأ
ܿˣܿͿˣֻѾԼΣŲ֮Լͻл֡
Ұһӵס죬
ȻĶЩŮӿǱǿ̱ʹŲȥ޳ߵŮ̾һҰһ˻ĺ󱳣һֻͷ
Ұһʱס壬ֶ֪š
⾿ôһ°
ҰһƿȴΪŮܲײֻܱСĵ롭ſҡ
ʹɡ˵ɷʲô֣ҼôЩʵڲУ
ͯĥü
бĶ࣬˵ʲôõ
ҵתˡ⻰ɹİҰһŮ˵Ļнȳ
ûкͳĸ֮ŮйôܽӴҰһ쵽˲ӣɢ϶յƣȻֽ˼֡
ͯĥźҰһôõġ
Ҳɰ
Ӧúζɡ
ͯĥԾһ촽䡣
ƺѾ׿ڳǧСζڴԼԵһ졣
ôԵǺܿϧòҵôɰһС
ʱһ°ɡ
ҰһֻͯĥƤֻðͷ͵øһЩ
˭֪ͯĥЩʲôЩʲô
εļһֱ˵ڶһ磬̫֮ͯĥʹλ뿪ͨ뿪ˣǶȿȥǱںһƬһƶû
Ů˰չҪ뿪ģҰһҲһ¹һЩȣ׼뿪ǾҰһ׼ߵʱסˡ
ͯĥһŮҲ֪ΪʲôҰһ˵һ죬ҲûмһʼԼŮ֮ԼŮҲһ컻һ춼ס
Ұһһ̫õĲ²⣬ȴֲš
ԼѾнˣԼ²ͯĥ⼸һһ
ǧС㣬Ұһ뿪֮ǰŮס˶뿪ŴҰһȥλڴ⡣
ҰһһֱȥûлȥĵطͯĥÿԼ֮󣬶ӺǸ뿪
һҹͯĥɾȣƣ
мϣñӶһߣ˱ϵɴᣡ
סĵطҲʳĵطϵʱųԹˣһȴҲеѪζ
Ұһվľ棬ܹᵽƮĵѪζ
ŮĶҰһ˵ţһϼְɡô˵ţϲԾظֳ۵ı顣
֣
ͯĥ˵ԵӦþǼ֡
ƳȣҰһڿ˹
ǰɼŵĴҪ޴Ϲɴᣣɫǳɫɴ᣽ڵӰӰ´£˿Ρ
棬̨֮⣬ֻ۵ľջš
ջ棬Ų֪ĺˮҰһԿˮҷĽ㡣
ǧС㣬뵽ͯĥÿɴᣣҰһ֣ԼѾܾˡ


16 
ſеѪζľջûɾѪҰһΪԼͯĥԼȥΪ֮ǰһԼ̸ġ
鷳ɴ֯СҰѶù𣿡ͯĥ԰ҰһͽŮ˵ҸղȥⷿõĶ
ɴ֯СӦһСųȥˡ
ɴ֯СڲڣҺŶǧԹ𣿡
Ǹˡҡ
þûϢ˰ɣʱǲϢĲأϢһ°ɣǵܣ֪ġͯĥԼȱߵĵӣž»Ƶ濴ɼˣž˷

ͯĥ¶˿յı飬ΪѾΪ޻̸ĺˡ
ǡ
Ȼôˣ͹ϢɣµŶѹ̫ܿҳԷɣһóʦܶóԵģǧϲʲôأ츾ޣ棿ʲô
Ұһ̧ͯĥͯĥЦݸ˼֣û߹~
ſڵмһβ̵ľ룬ټվǰ޽߰ŤģӲѱ㳤·˸ʮף໨һʱ䣬Ұһվͯĥǰ
αҪ
͸ǧ~ŮӶϲʲôأ
޷ǾΣƯ·֮İɣ
Щһ㶼ȱǰĽͽĶ軨׷Ŀ
ЩѾźˣͯĥ֮ǰ˵ŮܿʹӶ˰ŶӲŽ
ڷŵȫǸƯְƷнƱĲƥѳɽЩȫǽµջϡ
Щ͸ģϲ𣿡ͯĥóһ֧Ҷӣ.Ұһķһ½ǶȣҶӴ
˶ôĽҲᣬҰһˡ
ⷢչ̫ԡ
ûпͯĥͽӴΪģʽȴҲ֪е㲻ԣ
ͯĥӦڡɡ
ҰһҲ̫⾿ô£ѾⷶΧˡ
Ұһǳͯĥ˵ЩĻʱǺ޸о
˵׷Լ˵ǰͰĸԼףԼ밮ӣӶĸԸԼ׸
ͯĥȣӦѾᳵ·飬ҲŮΪڵնʧ
ô˵ҰһΪͯĥþƻѪ֮ƽͽȴû뵽Ȼ̸ַͽġ
еʧ
ţǧСÿҿҲӵʱ򣬵һ뵽ľءͯĥŲһ£ǰŮӣ¶ЦݣЩȫǧСˣôϲ𣿡
ҰһҪԼͷϵķͯĥȴǰ֣ҪϲһֱҲ֪Ůϲʲô·ÿɫͶһҪȥԿ𣿡
ǧСϻ·ƺҲǲС
ǰŮһֱûô˵ͯĥҲΪ⡣
ҪҰһǰֵһֱǳĬԵΪϲ˵ҲԤ֮ڡ
ŮӰֻҪǵ.ͿĸԸıԼԵ
ͯĥҲ֪ԼڴʲôɫĴ䣬֮ҰһǰȻһ£Կɫܳķɫ
Ұһеĺͷǵͯĥʲôأ
ΪǧС̫ɰˣҺϲǧС㡣ͯĥ˼˵ϣǧСܴϸ·ǰѽŮӻΪװζø˵ģνɫɲŶ~
ĻͯĥֹһεĶ˵ӦˣһȫԽ˶ս
ҲǳΪһˡ
ҰһҡҡͷҾܾ
ͯĥϵı䵭һʼãɷ˵İ·ҰһĻǧԸĻǾͲԸɣǽҲһҪŶÿԻҸ·
˵֮ҲûеҰһش𣬾Ͷ˻뿪ȥҪúϢŶҿɲϣǧС޾ɵӣɰˡ
Ұһ͵ſڣصĴһϡ
ҰһеĲѡѲ


17 
ͯĥŸ裬Լ̨ϣӶڿҿҵĴɨŷ䣬Ѭ㣬ҵζɨ˶˯
ЩЩ಻֪ģҪ
浽ͼ˴ȴûмʱشԼͯĥΪûֽһ
ȻûӦ
ǹy޲һԸ֪йʶֻܹＸ仰˵˽йæɻ
ǰЩԼʱ˵ɣǲᵡԼԼǵʱҲҲش
Ǹȥˣ
ͯĥ°ͣ棬м𣿡
ΪŮԲ࣬ͯĥɫ·ͯĥβסĿȣҡҡͷûУ˰֮ǰ֮⣬ʱûмˡ
ǱͲȺʱ以ģǸиԵأǱҪ˵λټʱһǲյһġ
ǴͯĥıӻŻụʶȻҲǼҪĹϵ
𣿡ͯĥ룬漴ͽ֮Ժ
ز洦ɼĹǧСֻһҪľǧС
֪ǧС㴩Լ͸·ʲôأ
һӿɰ˰ɡ
Ұһһվ̵ֽĴſڡ
ֻεǰĶһû´ĻӦûһӲ̡
Ұһһƿš
˵Ĳ棬һҰһŮҰһлָȥ˽ϲŸ뿪ǰ
ֻҪԼƿš
ҰһһƮζԼ뿪ʱҪŨһһѾĳζ
Ÿ֨һ򿪣еľȫչ¶Ұһǰ
뿪ʱǿϸɾѾһƬǽ塣
ں죬οԼŮջϣϢȫޡ
ҰһסֲԼһ£Լ侲
ѽҵ۹ȻûдɫȻǧСķɫ~ͯĥӻ˵ؿ̧ͷҰһ֮޵ǳƯŶԺ󶪵ЩɫĺͷɣǺɫÿ
ϻʬԿȥѾʮߣֻʣͷѻһߵĹͷҲһСѣȻԼ֮ǰͯĥѾ˺ܾˡ
ͯḩ̂ͷ󣬱ڻʳŮʧȥǯƣͷ˹ȥ
Ұһǵ
ǳıԼοŮˣӦİŮôܣܷϵǣԷǹԼģΪԼԲŻͷ⡣
Ѿˡ
˵ϣѽһأղŲϣңһ߿һ˵ҪҵϼأȻҾʹӦˡע⵽ҰһͯĥϽͣȻˣϲ˹ȻǧǧСһȥҲǳӭ
ҰһŭЦ
ͯĥ´δ氧Ұһϳֱı飬էһۿͯĥûס룬һ˿հס
漴Ӧθ߼֣ѵ˵ǧСͬ𣿡
ǧСڿҪΪһ̫ˣôһʹְ֮࣬ɡ
ҪҰһڡ
ף
ʹɡҰһ̧ͯĥСƿϵѪʬ壬վͯĥǰͯĥûбܿôѲϣϥϣͷҰһ߽Լʹࣿ
ֹԵⱲʹࡣҰһվǰֻһϣֻҪͯĥ֣ץסһ°ڡ
ͯĥҲôˡ
һֱ۾ϵ¶ϸüۣ۵ɿһץסҰһӣϸɫָ״̴˰Ĳϣ߬ѵ˵ǧС𣿡
Ŷ
˭֪ͯĥɴҡͷء
ⷽ⣬ȫ
һְͷϵӣݵͯĥǰҲԵŮӵɡ
Ŷȥ֮ȫûôˣҲԡ
Ұһֱ̧ͯĥ׼ͯĥ˧ɴʱȴԽԽöģĵĶҪ³ˡ
Լǰﷸͯĥ˵԰Сӣϲ̨档
ͯĥǸĶ˰
ԼǴģҲóǲԵģԼԵͨ֡
ȷ֮ʲô඼ʧΪ̣ɱ±ǲԵġ
ͯĥһץסҰһĽһƣͽҰһƿϥϵʬ岦һߣջվϲŭ⣬ЦĸˣǧСҲϲŶ
ϲҾúܶġҰһΪղŵ˺ϣëֱӴе˳Ұһһ̣ëУʧȥη㣬Ѿʧȥ˻ϵʸ񡣡
ͯĥһͷǳ·ϱײҵҲܻһϲɣǹҸЩѵ𣿡
ҰһЦˡ
ȻģҾҸЩɡ
ڿͯĥеġҷֵʱҰһ֪ͯĥԼǰСϺ൱֡
Լɲóս
խķɲʺӡ
뿪ȥĿյرȽϺá
ոպ͸ҰһףԼӲǲϵġ
Сʱһ󲡣Ȼκˣ嵽˲ȷǵǳʱսԵЩ׽⣬Ų˶ãЩ൱ˣһ౻̴ֽ࣬Ŷţǹᡢ
ºֻ֢ҪʱͿԻָ
ҪĴ־սľͲһͯĥԼˡ
Ұһʲôû׼ٲǰһɱĳûС
ɱʹõɰ糿ʯԶֵɱʹֵΪԿϹӲʯĲӣͬҲǿʹõġ
Լõıʱһ£ԭľ˴̵ģ֦ɫʷǱͬһ貽ɫ
ë𣿳ֵ̫֮ûа취ɱҵŶ~ͯĥһɫīܵ¿ʼͣ.ԼĽɫȣһɰɫıɫӵķ϶ӿгźı߶Ұһһ˿֮ͼٺˣ˺ͯĥľ룬ִʵһӣһɴů㴵ɢ˿ӵı
ͯĥ۾ǹɱӵڹɱӾȻвֵĶʿ𣿡
ǵصĽɫʺסͯĥеĿ϶ͯĥЩԾձɢı˲һĴֳһֵסҰһĹʣµȫ׼Ұһ
˵ϲͯĥڶҰһʱȴȫû֣ذ׻ҪıֻҪͻ˿һ𶳽סȻ˳ѪܶסѪҺ
ʵһҲϲԱס˵ģڸлúܲҪǧСе㼬֣Ҳô
ʻǧСϲˣ
ذĶĸо


18 
Ѫɢ
ת˲֮佻ֲУɵƻͽİװĴݶɴҲΪ˱ֱ㶵ֻǱһ£ͱмڵϣͯĥڽ¡
׹.䣬ľʵջͱ˸ԴҰһԾ𣬶㿪ǳ۾һ⣬ͯĥѪͯĥӳĿɻһıÿͬƬЮźԼɱ⽫ҰһΧס·
սգ֮תѹƵģͯĥҰһ
ХŴҰһߴһ⣬ЩȫײҰһܵĽɫϣȻڻˮ
⡣
ѪҲ⡣
еƮŵһɫġء֣εĽҰһ
Ҫ˵֮ǰĹúͣڵʽɾͲúˡ
ͯĥͣ˹ǧС㣬㲻ǹɱӵİɣʲôأǹɹ̫𣿡
Ļ̫ˡҰһŲΪͯĥͣ˹ʹͣ£ӽ˹ٶȣȴעͯĥ֮ľ롣
ȻǹĻ͸ˣΪʲôҪΪ౧ƽǲһˡ
ҺЩĵΪһ̸ҰһΪ
ջˮѾ˱ջҲƻһһεģҰһûվڱϣŽżľ׮ƽ⡣
ͯĥóñԼվڱϣɲͰԼ͵ǹˡ
ǹʲôͯĥµһӽϣ̶ֳֻǲɱҵģҿɹŶɹ˾ͿԱøǿǾһֱһˣʵ̫~
ҲŲҪأһ뵽ͬһƬҵθͿʼʹˣ޲³źá
̵ľܾˣҺѹ~ô˵ţͯĥȴǸǵı飬ЦſվڰеҰһû취ǾֻΪְˡ
һҸġ
ҸҪˣԵĽͽǶںءҰһüУúõʶһԼĶλɣûеҲӦܾ֮
ʬѪۣȷһĿľ
ǰ~ڱҳԵ֮ǰǺܸ˵˵Ҫǰˡ
ǵϵʬϣһȫǾֺͺ¡
ϵÿ˶ηҲŻὫǳԵǾͻһˡ
ὫǵĿ־壬˼룬ԼѪȫ̽ܣΪһ壬֣ҵְ𰡡Ұһ֣ΪһɣǸúӣһõġ
ҹµȥɣ
ͯĥ±նϵһ˲˽ɫĹ㣬˲ײڶ֮Ʋͯĥϡ
ǹɱյʹ˲ϯͯĥ
ֻͨĻûκЧģͯĥȴЩɫ̫ܵϢ
ͯĥûԥӿԼĲӡ
λݼҹĶĽֵ
Ӱһֻѵĺ񿴲ϷƮȻ׺ŵģǴźɫƷֵ
ЩĻҲǱߵˡ
ԭûǱ룬ٵ̸֮󣬺λݾ֪¾Բ񾯲˵ô򵥡
Ǹһֱ꣬ȴû˷쳣ǽһǳŮ˹ȥٱǲ¡
˵ǽСֽ̣
ȻѾȷйλݾͲ᲻ܣǴŸȻ̴ԼҪȥնϢ
ѾԿˡ
ҹҲŵƣ濴ʲôҲڣ֪ûйڡ
ΧǽϣһȻǵѪζ˽ȥ
һˡ
װԽɫΪɫкɫԼɫΪ濴̻Իͣȴ͸¶һɴڶĹУҲš
ϲǴȱһָ߸ϵӡ
Ѫζء
λͣһǰľͷףŽɫ·Ƕ˻ƽ漸ɼӱڻڴźݶȫƶӡ
ǰ䣬Ψһһķ䡣
ƿţûȿʲôͱɢһλݳ鵶նǰ飬Ŷ.˷Ρ
ɵǰ飬ֻġ
λݵӰźɫ䣬ЬӲ֪ʲôʱߵˣͷҲΪսɢ
ΣǸӱȽϸŮӡ
Ŷѽ~ƵĹɱ~ͯĥǧһʱԼĲӿϣʱСһŵԼϣ壬Ҳ䶯ţۿɼٶ
ԭͯĥʡ°ԼȫƴǱҰһѾʧȥ˻ԣһֱڲͣĲʳ.ϵ
˵ǿƲϵ⣬Ľϵͻֹ˿ڵϡ
͹ɱӵֵе񣬵ǲ¡
ֻԼһѡ
ڼǧС֮ǰ˵㶫Ȼڻָٶȿûô졣
ʹͯĥûԴ
ǧСȷǱȹɱӺܶҪǿˣôֵ꣬µǲˣɱ˶ٹɱӵҲǲˡ
ֻһʵ΢ǿһͨ˶ѡ
¹ĹɱӵŮʿֳȥһע
Ѫ׼
λ֪ܲʲôλûԹۣԼٶȴſڳ˽֮֮͡Ӱ÷
ҰһȫͬĹҰһĽɫˮīһ빥ͯĥͯĥҲЩ
ȺӰΪʲôôأ
Ȼȥô꣬ûа취Щ˵뷨
ͯĥѾ˼ûѡ˳ȫָȰԼ˫ֳ˳
ΪղŵĹڵϵĶȱһ֣ƮͯĥֱߣҰһתͳһᡣ
֣
ӦٶèӾ˳ſƮı飬ͯĥ
Ѫᾧ֮
ͯĥڿҰһгԲ֮;ҽǧС㣬Ȼɣ
ͯĥֻСźͯĥһģһ׺壬ֻᾧֻ֮аƴƴСɴ˶ĵЦݣֻȵСĶȣϮַ˹
ּһèݻжѸ٣ֻҪ㣬Դ˽ڿŲշתͯĥĹڿıмȫͯĥ
ذֻٶȺÿ졣ͯĥѾϰֶֻԻҲԷ
ֵĹٶȱĻҪĶֵָ࣬ױʮ֣ĵҲضáӳצӣ׼ȷĲ.ͯĥš
ûõûõģǲŶĵطûõġͯĥ־һ£ֶĿ죬ֻ־Ҫնˡ
λС㡪
ҲС㡣Ұһϣʲô⣬Ȱͽ֮ʡ
С㡪ʲô˼ͯĥʵҲûȻˣǾӦóƺΪǧ˰ɡ


19 
Ǳǣͯĥ壬˵ĶͯĥղĽᾧ֮ӡ
ᾧ֮źͯĥһĹһʱ˶סȻκβá
Ұһҧҧʵڼˣ
λһ£ӦûСʱ
ôá
ԼʧˣԼӦøʱ򣬻ߵҪʱٹҲûа취ˡ
ѷơҰһ˵ƿɫ˸߸ߵݶ
ĺܸߣʮֵɣͯĥڵԺҲһġ
ҰһҪƷԺ
룬кܳһʱ䣬ͯĥ̫
ҰһҲûףôͻС϶ֲá
λݲ֪ҰһҪʲôģȻ̽ʱ̣˽ᾧ֮ӣݵʱݶ
֮֮͡޹ҩ
ŵնͬһطľʵķסôƻֱ˸󶴣Ұһվ˷λҲ
λݹԹԵˡ
ѾָĲͯĥҲѾԼѪˡ
ԭڸղŵսѾȫû취ˣڻָȫ֮󣬱ŵ״̬
λֻǿһ۾ŤͷȴΪԷǵˣ뿪ԼߣǿԼͯĥ
ֻǸŮӣǻẦߣ϶ƯһĨΡҰһԡ壬ȫΪ
Ұһҽô꣬˭.ûпͯĥ忴Ҳͱƽ˰˵㣬طûʲô𣬱еڴҰһڿͯĥʱ򣬻еСʧ
ԭⷽͨһġ
̬ѵ߳𣿡
νɡͯĥһ߳ĶûУ
ǧС㣬ӴҲûŶкüʱأƾ壬Ӧûа취֧ŵɡ
ͯĥô˵ˣλſղźԼϴһġŮӡ
ȷ㲣ղŷĹôһʼûǳǷ롣
ûϵѾ㹻ˡ
Ұһëת˸Ȧһڿл
һͯĥΣͻȻ֪ôȥĻⳡսķչ϶ԼһʼԤϵȥԼ
빥ʱȴҰһѾͣʡ
еĽɫ.ͼǳļ򵥣һԲһȦǴһļʻȻΪʱ䳤㻭һ
ڳ˶ϳ
һ̫
û֪ͻȻէô¡
ѾҹҹȴͻȻ磬˴˯гѣ֮С򶼱
Ϊҹ԰ĹǣȫûԤ뵽̫ͻȻСģܵĹǶ̫ٲжȽϿ죬ȽǿĹٶȶ㵽ĵط
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ǾԲϴģ
ҹкüʱΪʲô̫ͻȻ֣
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һеҰһ̫ʧ֮ڵأͯĥѾʧڻģֻĿķ档
λÿɵҰһҰһվסæַסС㡭
Ұһ˿һ£žû£ɿҾͿˡ
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ǵûСҰһû취úλɿԼԾԼվֱ壬ٺͺλܽӴ
ղŵսллˣĻһҪסͯĥȽѡ
λֻڰοԼ
ʲô֪Լ֮ʵҲûаʲôæǸ֮ҲԲֳ
ԼǧС㡭ӦûӮøЩ
ղ̫֮ܵȼ֤ղŵ̫ǻʵ̫̫䣬ÿ糣ǧСô̫ô̫أ
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ҰһϢһ£Ŷλ˵ȥһ··Ѿûа취ˡ
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ղȻǴ֮ԭӦñճɲͯĥʧԭء
֮ԭƻĲͺȻʱĻҳס˵ߡ
Ұһܾͯĥ϶ûǧСҲˣͯĥļʹྭŮˣݲδϸ飬ӦҲᱩ¶ץʱ뿪Ϊá
ҰһЩԼĴУԺλ˵ǸԼһȥȻʧ
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޲ʧֱߵľƱ鲣һ֣ȴһûб鲣ƣֻоƺɫľˮ˳ָ䵽档
ڸŵķŰˣϽƬʰһ£ϻ̳Ͽֵ޲ҵûбҪҪȥҽԺһ¡
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ҪǱھƻϳʲô£òҵĹ϶ͱסˡ
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ȻҲ޲ԼŬֱӹϵ
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Ҳͨͯĥ۾벻ˡ
û뵽
û뵽
û뵽ôô꣬ԼȻֿӰ
޲ŬĿԼı飬ȻʧˣıѹѰһϹôˣԻҪиҽɡ
Ů˽޲ǿһЦݣãϢһͺãȥæɡ
Ů˻ǵչһȴ޲Ҹ㿪
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ڲĵذϣͻأĳһˣŰɫĳͷǱѪùϲսĺۼЩۼۿɼٶʧѪڵϣ֮Ͼ̺۶ˡ
Ҫĵǣû·
޲Ʋͷһ˵˵ԴϣǿͷȻҲô߷ˣײǽϡ
л޲Ҵ˳ȡ
Ȼľͱɹˡ
ͯĥͷϣǸûûεӣαģŻЦ޲Һ޲ٰԴãǧС㰡ĸϲˣɣĸо
޲޿̣һŰͯĥͷȵϡá
Сͷ۾ǱǸеģ


20 
ʵ׷˺ܾöûоҰһβͣӸ붬һֱĩϻ飬ûҵˡ
ǼһֱƵģ֣ȺһҲš
ҰһҲֻ֪ʵҲ֪
Ǹҷĳ֡
ҺҵĲǴ׵ɱңȴ޿κΣ˵Ǳѹ
۶ٸһȥң³޻أԹɱӶҸһ֪
ΪûںҶϵʱܻŻʮһ飬ǹɱԼ֪ʶä
λݴ鱨ǳҪ
ڻ֮ǰλݾѾ֪ݷҫչҷ飬һΣҪͬǰظһ£˶ʱ˼棬ԷָԼûзֵϸڡ
еĩʱ򶼾ۼ˹ɱӵܲҪף֮⣬Ҫཻʱ鱨
粻ʵֽӴĲ֪ǲҰԼλһǰӴͯĥԼǸ֪ʲôȻٻ̫Ĳ֪ࡣ
ǲҲһ
ҪһʱŻͲʵֹϵȽϺõĺλݾ˵
֪ķ඼ͬһˡ
ʵּԴҰһλݿŮԴҰһȲ˵˶ûмԷһ̬ˣҲһϳ
û뵽Ȼ£̫˱ˡڤֻ̾ǲ֪⾿㲻һ¡
Ŀǰ˵˼˺񶼶ûе⣬ҶԹŲͬѰĺ⡣
ֻҪǹͬĵǹǾǺѡ
ǸһﻬﶪģҪץҪÿʵҧгݣ޲ðǸҰһӵص·úýѵһ١
Ӧǻ飬ǵˡλݰܹҵǾͺˣǵİԺĺ͹ս϶°빦
սҪԼһֱһ߷ĸô˵ڲ廰⻰ǲʵֵʱͲˣԣһʲô˼
º޸鲨ѵҪ𣿡
˭Ҫˣʵǰס˸µ죬ק˹˵һԣ
Ҫ𣿡´ظһ顣
޷Ϊʲôʵֻô 
սֻԼֻԼڼϰԼġ
û˵
⻰ڲʵ˵ֱϴչᣡ
ͿļһﲻˬˣΪʲôҪļһޱ˵ֻ
Ʋ˭
λݼ˸Ͻ˷ֿԷֹǰ
Ҳ棬ʵֲֵ̫λݹˣҲ˳ƷſˡһԼ죬ʵôˣ
ʵ֣첻ҾͲղ
ºɻ󣬡㲻ղʲô
Ƿǳ⣬⻰һ˵ֱǰѸ侲ĲʵըλЩΣҲȥˡ
ʵ̫Ƿˣ
ƢôõĺλڶܣղŸô˵ʲô
ҪˡڤͻȻ˵ȹղŻԵֿˢˢһȥ
ź֯ԼĲݷҫοĿ沢ûб仯ǡ
ãܿҵϤҷǳĸˡ
һʼʺ֮󣬲ݷҫվȥ
Ѿʱͨǿö࣬ǼȻܹů棬ΪʲôҪ洵ء
һλãмľǲݷҫպŮԼӲݷ
һʼ˴ŵĻʺԼ֮ڵǻͨ޵ʱ䡣
һ֮ǰλҷ£Ӧö֪˰ɡ
´ҵȷѾ֪ˣԶ˵ͷ
֮֮⣬һֵôעˡݷҫ˵λݣ˵һ°ɡ
һ֮֮ΪǧС㡯Ůӣòʢս൱ǿȻȴҲܿóǧС֮սѷᣬ˵Ĳಢ󡣡
ٻ̫һǰҹͻȻҹվֱʡ
֪һǰҹ̫ͻȻȴ֪ϸλϸһ鵱ʱսһۡ
ǸǧСӦΪ˿ӽ֮Ż̵ֽģǸ֮пλҲеţŮԵֱôġ
ǳţǡ

ʹ̫ʱ֮ںǧС֡
ʹôãλҲɼǵǸǧСò
ӵסһֻƺʲô¡
̫ˡ˺һᣬlԪ³ôһ仰ȻҲЩˡ
ϲʲôġ
ɱôĹͷһ˵ϲ˵ģǻǸŮ
ŮԵ屾ͱǹɱӵȷкλһŮԵʵȷǿģܹŮ֮֮սˡ̸˸
ÿֲ
ǧСٻ̫ķûп壿ʡ
ġλûԥֱ˵˳һ֧֦ıʣֻͷأȻ˸̫̫֮ˡ
ñʣ
ʵַä㡣
ԼûмǴĻԼҵǸ˺Ҳñսģ
λʶŮģԼʶǸеģôÿҲϳǸеģԲŮװ
ܹϵ𣿡
ˣ˵ģϴĹܵˡһλݾͰûڣҸһȥˡ
𣬼ȻԼ뿪ˣ˵ڻԺ˵ʱǿ
ʵҲ˵˹Ұ顣
Ұ૵ֻ֪֣Ұ
ӵظϵʵ̫ˣôͬϵڴ롣
ֻǵͳ࣬λݺͲʵһԼǸ˵òмط˵ơ
ÿʲôѾ֪ˣlԪǶҰİ˰òд˵õİ
һͷںڵͷͺĽɫͫס
ɫ۾㵹ɸѡ²ˣλݺͲʵȴһۡ
ǡãǽܣǧСѾˡ
Ǿǽܣ
Ҳпܡ
ҰǧλŮԵӦþˡ
Ȼ־ͺҶˡҲӦ͵ôѲߵʱ򣬶עһ˰ɣܹǣȷԷ޺ԸǺǾʹǻҹȥҲá
ʱһ֮εϻҪҲϽĲ֮࣬һЩҳ̵Ļ⡣
ݷҫյ塣
ݷҫյϻʱЩɫ·Ѿӵ۾ԭƯķɫ۾һֳİףȻѾʧˡ
֮ǰεĶʿ˵ƺһλҽ߳ҽڹضĴβˣҽιòȫˡ
ҺҲlԪ˵ͷ֮ǰϿ
ʱڷĦ
λҽһ¡λЩ𣬡ҵҽܹտһЩ
λݣⱾǿ
ûж˵ԼΪ䣬λΪݷҫֻȾ񼲣һֱΪԼ޷κòݷҫն
Ǹҽ¹Ұ
kano
Ұ¹ҰԼҰĶȫһģԼʶǼһҲǽֵģҲҽӦòôɰɡ
ʲôӣʵʡ
˵úܺÿϲɫ·λ룬ûм˳ʲôԾͰЩʿ˵һ¡
ʵԽԽ΢ܸоλ˵˺ԼǸ쵰ԽԽˡ
Ȼϣǻ쵰ȷǳһò
һ˰ɣ


21 
Ұһ֪ԼֱɱӶˡ
뿪˶֮ҰһǳĿԵЩȽƫƧģɱӶ̫Ըȥĵطȥ
ֵطϾǿдź·
ΪԼϡѪʣһ·ٹЩûһͯĥһսĹ
ҲһԼһѾǵùˣôܻڶʱڽӶҡ
ҰһʱĻǳʵڸһ·֮ͻڴ˼ͻ뿪ȥһط
Ƕ죬ѩµúܴ·ߣҰһĵܣһʱҲ֪Լܵȥˡ
ܹ鲻ǳ
ղҪϢһ¾ͺˣȻҲΪѩɽϡ
ҰһխɽЩյĿĴѩ
ǲѩԼ䣬ҲᶳǶ촵ĺĴƮɢѩߣҰһܵǣ·մѩڻ֮ĴС
ŵɽµҩģѩôһܲû˵
ɫҰһۼķѩԽԽʵǲڰɽˣֻϣôһ˵Сݡ
Ұһʮ֮ڿɽĵط˵ƻټҰһĽŲ˺ܶ࣬ȫ֮ǰⶰǰ
ǰţ͵ͣˣǽŲ
˭ѽ
ɽɵҩģǱѩɽУϣܹЪЪš
ֹ䣬ܿ˹ǿš
ŵһǳˣĺأΪȥ˫۾ȴ񣬲δΪʹʧȥϣһѸӣƺڷ˵ĵǷĻǰѸӹƻῴһĲϡ
̿ʮҲû뵽ѩҹŵ˾Ȼôһ޺ˣŵ¶ֺͽΪ䶳ðﷺ࣬Ҳһ¨˵ûʲôֱ
ɣ̫ˡ
̿ʮںһǰ˵Σճ̶֮ÿ˱ʵʵţҰһ
ҰһһлŽݡ
شЬ̿ʮɽ¨һߣô죬ǳװɡ
Ϊٵȵȷѩͣˣû뵽ԽԽ󡣡Ұһֻվſڣûȥ棬˿Ů˵Ů֮⣬ĸСӣǸҲŲʮ
ֲ˻ô衣
ɣſǱ̫ˡŮ˹к߽ˣؿҰһ
֦˶٣ǼˣԵȺķҲܺŶ
ˣóȻš
ɣǸкҲ˹һ޵ͷ۾·˻棬ֻǿžůڵġ
ھСӶԼˣҰһҲپֻܾ߽Ůѹż˻¯ߡ
˧ѽŮˡ
ллҰһЦЦҲܿɰ
̿ʮԼ·ݸҰһǸҵ·ϿЩˣʪ·׸ð㻹ǻɡ
ǵ·Ұһһֱľȫܱȣһ⣬ϾǱ˵ĺ⣬ôܾܾ
ԼʰãĹѾտˣŨʳζҲӿ
һȥԼı¨ңһֻɽ
⻹ɽҲҩʱҵģΪ̫ˣ˸©
ȥԼԵģԼڴһˣΪǡ
ҽҵģѾˣĻ¡
һһǺġ
Ϊĸ岢ãǰһͥص׵ĳӺĸ׼縺˼ͥص϶ôá
̫ˡ̿ʮɲ£Լ°ɡ
ʲôֵǮĶҲûлʲôôҲǳⲻȥ
ֻ˼ΣҰһļ֮£żǽֻɽ
ֻ䣬ֻɱ˸һ»ʳҲ̫㣬ֻܵѩֹ֮ͣ˵
ҰһżҳһȺķЩӲָ˲١
ȷǲģ廹ǻΪýӲⶼû취£ͯĥʱҲΪͯĥѪЩӲֳʱ䴦ڱѩص£ǲ
żҺ֡
ĸǺˣ谮ӣǵĺҲǷǳõԸŮ˿֦УӴСӦѾҪ裬ж㣬ȴǰѼʰľ
ĺһʼĽ֮ѸٵĺĴһ̺˱ӵĵϴŹŮԵҰһһͷںڳ
ͷڸ֮˿Ҫ˳ں˳˰֡
һ磬ҿԸ𣿡
һٻԼͷòԼβᣬӵǸŮӣôƯͷе̲ס֡
ӣǿˡ
ûϵˡҰһͬˣӾôҳԼõķɫƯͷҰһ
̿ʮɺͿ֦ЩΣȴҲֵĿĺӺһֱԼɴ̿ɾȻҲż¶Сӵ̬ų
Ҫ֪̿ɵ˵ԼǳУҪܵš
Ұĺкϲء
СӺܿɰҰһ̿ɣӣСľѾ˯ˡ
ɽûеֶżҲò͵ƣǿĿռ䡣
Ұһڴϣ˵̿ɣ˯ˣűӵӶҲ˺ܶ࣬ԭִֵһͷӱɱ裬ûһᣬܸоԼ˸ʲô
˯ˡ
һСĵİ̿ԱߵıȻְɵķסȻҲ˽ȥ
úˣСĶûѹֱʱ̿ʮɲŶЦЦϢɣʱ䲻ˡ

֦͵ƣﳹڰ
Ұһںҹۣվƹˣֽš
Ұһ뿪һ룬̿ʮҲ۾
Ұһ뿪ӡ
ѩѾС˺ܶ࣬λ֮뿪ӣĿյϡ
ڿյ⣬Ұһ֮⻹һε
Ҳֻ˵ˡ
ǸĳְֻֻۣҰһ˴ѵĿˮ
ǹ
̿ʮͷŰֻͿҰһóһ֧ʣ׵ľͽֻĲӿϡ
ɱӵˡ
̿ʮɺţɻԼλá
Ұһڻصֻ֮ǿһ۱۾ƺѾ˯ŵ̿ʮɣʲôҲû˵ĵ˯ˡ
ֱҲûǡ


22 
żҵĶ磬СͻСʶѾеĿ֦ڣ˶ʱˡ
һ磬ûаѱɢѽ˷ܵ˵
˯ʱҰһûн⿪Ӱæɱ裬ټ˯ҲҶڱӺñıȽá
ӱΪ˯֮ǰһѱɢȴû뵽Ұһû
Ϊõ⣬һúϧġһ˵ıӣҸͷòá
ã
һѱӵãһֻ첲ǲС̿һҪ˵ıȫ˽ȥ̿һʲôʱôأְֳȥɻûʲôû취æ
̿ڻСȳôְæˡ
Ұһ뿪ġ
ѩ峿ʱѾͣˣ˳ϢĹʬѾɻҷɣѩ񣬳ʧ
ԼϡѪǻЩģڸַĿǣԼܼ
̿ʮɵʵƺҲǳǿûпնϹӵ
һҲֻͨ˶ѡ
Ҫˡ֦˵廹𣿡
û⡣
ǰмҪˡ
Ұһϣյƶ̾һ
һҪؼҺͼ˹𣿡̿ҰһߣӦûкóԵĶ·ɡ
ҵļ˶ˡҰһ˵Ҳѽ
Ҳ֪ʲôԼʧ٣ǻ᲻Լ
ҰһĴδûѰһؼҷԭֻΪʣǺ˳ְѹɱˡ
Բ𡣡̿ɸϽǸҲµġ
Ҳû⣬õǸҰһһ̿ɵԴͷģѩͣˣ̫ҲˣҲӦɽˡ
·ڻϿˣڴľԼԭ·ÿǺÿǿͺ䡣
һ粻ҪԷ𣿡
ѽԷɡ
Ȼ֦ҲҰһ̿˵ĻԵĻԺһꡣ
ҰһҡͷˣѾܴˡ
Լһ˻ǲҪһΪá
ҰһǵԼ¨뿪
סġ̿ʮɴ֪ΪʲôҰһôִŵѡ뿪´βҪôðʧˡ
̿Ϊղŵ£Щߡ
Űְֳȥ¿֦ڼҴſǶʱȴ˲˵Ķ
һµĶ𣿡ӿűڲĶһӡ
֦ԣΧȹϲ˲֣򿪲һۣ漴󾪡
һԼ쳣ͺ
ǹصʳ
һǸղߵʱµġ
ǿѾֵˡ
ǵȿ֦Щ׷ȥȴҲǰò뿪ҰһӰˣͺӰûгֹƵġ
̫ˡ
̿ʮɻ֮Դ˲ÿɷȴ¼
ԺܹټͺúõĵлȻǮ
̿ɵ˵ͷ
û뵽ҰһټȻô졣
Ұһ̿ʮѣϾҪꡣ
ܼܲ¶ޣҰһɽµС˸סȵȥ֮ټ
ʱӵ˼ҽϵĴ񿴹֪ʱ˶ܸˡ
ǿҽڿҽ൱󣬶һһܹκá
ҽշѷǳҩ˵ϲҽˡ
ҰһԭͲ׬Ǯ𱾾Ǿŵĺ²ʲô£Եȡһ㣬ϷǳѵĲˣҲǷĲȡ
˹̶ĵطввʹĴֱǰϦ˲ҰһҲԼˡ
ڵסвٳмĴʳ굹ǲ
Ұһ˼ԼҪôʱͻȻ˴ĺ
Ұҽ
ҰһϽ񣬴˽
֮ǰľӾݵϰ󣬻һΪϤӰ
ɽϿ˵Ķӣ̿ɡ
һ磡Ұһ̿ɿҲ൱𾪡
û뵽ԼȻʱҰһ֮ǰǼһҪôҵҰһء
û뵽һϵĴһֱ˵ҽտǸҽ
̿ڹ˲ôˣΨһĲŻϼˣֻһ԰æ
ô̿ɣʲôˣ
裬ҪˣǲŻϼˡ
Ұ̽ĵЦݽסˡ
ӡʲôġ
ߵͨ죬ȴñ˵ЦϽŹ̿ȥɽżҸ֦
̿ܵһ̿ɱԼĹȻԼָ̿·ó˵ٶȷɱɽ
̿ʮɿҰһҲǳ㵣ȴǰ̿ɱ֦Ѫˣһֱֹס
Ѫ
Ұһ˲úˣȫȥһһľˡ
۵İĿ֦Ļ˵Ͽ˭۵ȥֻϰοԭʹĶӱ˺ܶࡣ
̿ʮɺ̿潹תֱӤһֱŵĲŷ
ҰһѺӵϣȻѺӰ꺢ӵĿ֦Щȴסˡֱʱ֦ŷָԼľȻǲţҰһ
Ұ֦ҰһȴҰһֱӰڴϣúϢǸкŶ
ίˡ
˵ʲôأҽǲȵġ
ȻˣʱĲҽ̫٣ֱȽϷСɽ壬ǻ
ڳ˵ǲô⡣
ԽˡҰһ
ȴǸϽ˽Ұһӵݸ˿֦Լ˵˺棬Ьӣ׼뿪
ϻп֦ʱմϵѪǱˡ
̿ʮûô׵ķ뿪һץסҰһζлҰҽˡ
û£ҽ
ǻģ֮ǰµġ
⵹νĻҳԷͺá
д֦ҲҰһǶ֪ôлźˡ
СҲǳϵĹҰһΧס
һΧҰһˣܾĻôҲ˵ڣֻܵͷ
Ү
Ƿ˵Щ̿ɺһһһҸһˮϴһ£
·ɣҸ·ϴɾ
СľͰҰһźˣҰһΣЦŻ̿ʮɵ·
ʮָл̿ʮֵлڼһʱհɣҪˣɽҲһˣֵһ𡣡
ҲͷõҰһҰһԥ˼룬ͬˡ
ֻɽϴѡ
¡
Ұһô˵Լżңһһꡣ
û뵽껹пһ˰


23 
Ұһôʱסżҡ
żҾһǳͨĿ˼ң֦꣬еص˰ְֺͳ̿ɵϣʮ̿СƵظ֤һŬ׬Ǯġ
ô˵ŵ̿ɣΪûվڵˤһӣ˶Ц
Щ˼ȴϵѩڰְɽȥˡ
ԭּϢӻ̫СԼȫҰһӣǱҰһӵ
ͷӰǰϴ̿ʮɵĴֲѣ°·Ū࣬Χ˿֦ɫΧȹ֦ҰһЦ˵ҰһҪǱС￴ɾҪˡ
֦ЩأϾҰһþСﻶӭףһҽԸ޿ޣΪʲôûлԼ󣬾е˶ûС
ҪԼѾ˻˺ӣҰҽ˵ĻĶء
һûŮѵĴ㡣ҰһƮƮƿ˻⣬ǿ֦㣬Ҫ壬̫ˣ²ɾͲˡ
ôǰ̿ǵĵڶµظɻء֦ǰҲ꺢ӵڶµظɻʲôĹԼҲΪʱ̫ѪҰһǿӲҪϢ죬Ȼµظɻ
Ұһ֦̫УֳŰҰζ֦塣
ǻȵʱ̿ʮɺ̿һ϶ŲľͷһҪƳľ̿ȻȥɽµС̿
ҰһǻˣŽΧȹݸ̿ɣúչŶȥ
żСӺŮ̫ģȵ˻֮Ұһ׼û뵽̿ʮɾȻһˡ
Ұҽʱķǳл㡣ȵߵû˵ĵط̿ʮ˵ǰѩǵɭ֣Ҷϲ㡣
żƺǳóֱ򣬺ٱֱ˵ϲҰһĵĺˣ벻Ҫô˵
Ƕ֪Ҫôźá
ЩûҪر˼ҰһץͷֻǾþʶһˡ
ţ
аľ䣬ǸǳˡҰһȻһ£ЦݵʱҾ
Ұһû˵Ӣڵ˵ŷЩֿ̫ڡ
ǴҵӢۡҰһЦ
ҿһ㶼ֻǸĲˡ
ҰһΪӢҵĶӣȻ֪ŷصģֳŷΪĿ꣬ҪԽ
ԼŷصĹϵȴ
ԼĸԱ죬ԸһԵ˵.ʵ̫ˣΪ˱ҰһǸʱҰһòŷص
˵Ǳʵͼʵࡣ
ദĵһ죬Ұһͱŷشˡ
ǸʱŷظճΪno.1ӢۣôżẦߡ
ŷֱӶ̹Լġ
Ϊ֪Ȩ㣬ࡣŷץͷ˵֪û취
ŷʵ֪ǰСΣԵģʮֵ꣬ͣͲЩΪõ࣬ԼԼڵĴ
ʵ֤ŷȷģʱСҰһʮִϻۣŷصܿԼڵĴ
ҡӭЩ˵˼
ڱӵ£ֻйԹܹõ涨Χ֮ڵɡ
ʱŷദҰһȻŷӰ켫Ұһ꣬ҰһAFOOFA֮ĶԹ
ʱŷʵйҰһԼļ̳˵ġ
Ұһ˵ʱAFOΧս
ҰһҲǴսб
һʼȷǽŻֵ̿ģһŷصЦݾͲԾİ
żôãҲ̿ʮɵʺŷЩƵԭ
һ뵽ŷأҰһ̲סٺһЩһЩ
̿ʮϲԾ¶΢Ц
׻ǸӣһԼļҳͻ᲻Ծظ
Ǹľˣǿ㣬ԼǸˡ
ҰһԼ
ΪԼ׵ݡ
ĺϲء
ԣǳаȫУֻҪڣܾԼܡҰһ߬ȭͷǸ˵̫ˡ
ûϵңܸܸ˵ôء ̿ʮɺ˼ڰɫҲûйϵ㯿ʱɣȻұȲϰľһŬŶ
̿ʮɻûҰһ˵ʲôת˻⣬ôˡûʲôأף
̿ʮǲʲôŸһߣҰһҲȥȻѩϿһܼĽӡ
ܡ
ûã̿ʮɾҵԼĿ꣬¶ظЦüûˡ
ҰһĿ̿ʮһͷͽܵͷ
Ұһ
˺ĽʿҲ׵һ㡣̿ʮøӰĴж˿飬ѿõĶװ¨ұΪǹɱӵģû뵽㾹Ȼǡ
Ҳ֪ɱ𣿡
š̿ʮɵͷ
Ұһ󲿷˹Լţ̿ʮûйĺ⣬ôҰһˡ
ѧϰʵǻ֣֮һּ赸ѧϰĻҿԽ̸㡣
⡭
ֻϣ赸ʧѣҪ̫ĸ̿ʮɰοʲôҪĶ
ְ֣һ磡ǻ̿˳ӭ˻Ұһһһߣ̿ʮɽ˹ȥȥ⴦һ£̿ǶˮůůӣԼůС֣Ұһִ˻Ҳûó
̿ϲҰҽ
Ȼһζ̿ɶҰһ¶˲õЦݣС̫ůֵҰһЦݻһ˲
裬ʹ
ҰһʵǺϲСӵģϾСӱȸӵĴҪĶ࣬Ի·ҲȽϼ򵥣ദ
żҵĺҲ˼֮ദǳҰһųżҶ졣
ȵů˲٣̿ɲŰҰһó۾Цûһ㡣
ţ̿ԺһǳҸġ
̿ɵΪҰһȤĻ˸ףšûأһС
ʮѾǸСӺˣ˼Ҫ׽Ŷ
ձ磬ֱȽƫƧĴʮǳе£Ůӽ黹Ҫ磬ҲѾˣȵʮʱ򣬿֦ͻżˡ
Ҫ̿ɺߺҪڼչ˰ְС
˵̿ʮɺͿ֦ûסЦ
ɷϵǣԼôˣȷۣô£ĺֵá
һҹȻʹ
Ұһżңصǿϵʱٻɽϡ
ɲô鷳ҰһʵڷĲ£Լڵʱв˹Իᶨʱȥһˡ
ʱûʲô˻ȥҰһɣż֮󻹻֦óԵĲ
һ㶼ЩǮżÿ˶·
ʶãҰһͻ˲Ǯÿ֦ʮֹⲻȥ
ֻҰһ֪Щ·ûлǮȫĶѣ˵ֽͱī
ҰһΪ⣬Ƕż˵һʾ޿ǿˣΪ˷ǵûдǻÿ˻ôǮʵЩԽܡ
ȻҰһǿӲҪ£ǻҰһĺ⡣
ʱ̲̿ʮɵľ״̬˲٣ڳӵĺҲʼ䳤ߣ̿ɣһڵ⼸죬Բˡ
ˡûã͵꣬̿ʮûڽſ̿ڼ㺢Ӻš
һ˶·ҰһǴɫС䣬¶ͽŽŴľ졣
·洵һǻðġ
ҪȥΰݡҪŶǰһϣ֦żＸӡ
һҲҪ˯ʲôŪͿˡ֦˷ܵСȫ˱ԻǰţͲϷʲôһ˵
Ͼͺˣ˯ɡ
УСҪ˯ܳøߡ֦ʱദ֮Ѿһ˿ˣܽһܽԼĺһҲûһʼôн̬ˡ
ϾͺáҰһЩͷۡ
Լȷǲֹ̫ҪŵȥУ廨·ܻӡ
֮ǰѾ˼ŤŤͲôأʵǲ̫ó֣ʱһֱϰ˼ͳֵġ
㲻ҪŪ̫֦Ȱһֻȥ
ڶһ磬һҾ˴ȫɨһ飬Ȼ˷ǳʢķˡ
ҰһǰԼʱ͸һңÿ˶ǳϲû뵽ҰһȻء
ֻ̿ʮɻ·һֳ֧辣ϵŲʲӷ
ϸŻƵĲߵ˷ǰĿյϣô衣
һһֱĻ֣֮ΪıӣҪһֱһһҹſԡ
һһҹ̿ʮܹŵס𣿡
Ұһûи̿ʮɼ飬ֻ̿ʮɵĲֻǴӿʲôϸֳ⻺ġ
ֲҰһһֶζûС
ǸͷԴҲûа취ı䡣
Ұһֻܾøֹصҩĺʳ壬̿ʮɵ岻Ҫô˥
ҪǺ㷴̿ɸ͵ģְ֮ǰ˵ֻҪעͿһֱȥƣ

̿ɵĶѣҰһע⵽̿ʮɵĺ
ĺƽĶ࣬ÿÿǺ󣬶дӿڱӿ룬ǽԼ۷塣
˶ȥĵġ
Ұһ̫һߣ̿һѧϰ׵Ļ֮֡
Ϊеĳӣ̿ǿ϶Ҫ̳̿ʮɵ²̿ʮɵŲס֮ԺĻ֮־ͻ̿ɶϡ
ҵĺһ
̿ʮɵ߸ǲ㲼Ұһϣһһ£Ͻѧϰ
ɣֻǸ̿ʮɽǳԵУܸоڲڶĳȺӯ


24 
ҰһԾĳڻֵ֮Ľ൱Уһֱڡ
֦̿ڽҰһȫûзӦ֮ûټˡ
ż̿ѧϰֵ֮ʱҲ״̬״̬ӦѾ״̬˲̫ôǣþôǴ״̬
֦źȥҰһ̿ʮɡ
̿ʮɻʶҲ֪Ұһѧϰ֣֮ûб䣬Ұһѧϰ
ֲ֮ʧ
Ҫһ𣿡̿ʮ뵽ֻǿĻѧġ
Ұһվ˸֦̿ʮɵļ뵱С
ΪϰսԵøӽýҲӴ󿪴ϣ̿ʮɵĻ֣֮ȻЩ衣
ҰһֻСʱѧ裬ּ͵貢ûнӴһʼȷЩӲ̿ʮɵָԽԲһȻ̿ʮɵĽˡ
ǲ㿴ŵıʱҰһΪʲô̿ʮɿһһҹۡ
ֺԼϸѣ崦ڸ߶˷ܵص״̬
ʵǲóսģСʱĽϰҲǿĳ̶ȡ
ѧԼԺĽӦûᱻƣõı˽֮޷֮ˡ
ҰһһʼЩеûģȫĶĻֻ֮Ҫһͷ
ĵһ̻ʣţʮɫ̻𣬽ɫȾɲɫңԶɽ϶ˡ
̿ʮɲ΢Ц
ֲ֮ʧˡ
岻ã֪ܻ꣬̿ڻСܲѧûһ⣬ҰһӦûúõĽ̵ɡ
ʱҰһչˣֻһֶ֮ѣҪ
ȿ֦ǻ֮󣬿ľͷˣ֦̿̾һһȥĶŽ̿Ǹųһѧˡ
һ磡
ѧôʱ仹ûѧᣬһھȻѾѧˣԺͰְһ
˵ĶſڵЩѩȫڻһʱ䣬ѩɽϣΨôһСƬĵطů紺
ҰһȻһֱҲۣȻ˵ڶ硣
̿ʮͣ
ܵ̿ʮɵӰ죬ҰһĶһ٣Ҳľ統гʱҰһĶͷҲһ㱡
Ҫ֪Ұһڵ岢η庮ȣǽʮȵĴ컹µĶ죬ܵӰ죬ȵ

Ұһ֮ͣ󣬽е֦ǳѿ֦һƬѩмΪۣ̿ʮɿһǸ֦Ѿѧˡ
Ϣ
ѵΪһֱѧϰ̿ʮɲŻ弫˥ô
ѧϰֵ֮̿ɻ᲻Ϊѧϰֶ֮͸֧塣
ǳлڡҰһ̿ʮһ̿ʮɸϽʱǴҵչˣֻ赸ܸлʲô
˵֧赸͸ҵһжҪء
͸żҵĲһЩֵǮʳˣ̿ʮɸȴĺ
ԼеǮ͸Ҳֵõġ
ֻǼ赸ѣôãԷɣһˡ
֦ôһ˵ҰһŸоԼȷǶˣǸ赸ЩټһֱͶĹС
֮ҰһҲ뿪ضȥ
Կһѵɡ
Ұһڹ֮ͻصɽµС
ֻϴ˲һ¾Ҫ뿪ˣ뿪֮ǰֻ̿ʮ˵һ£Ȼ͵͵˲ǮֵǮĶϣһҵĸһЩԼʱһʲôûд뿪С
֪
Ұһ·ضͣͣÿһׯС򣬾ͻͣǿһھͻ뿪
ҰһصʱѾǵڶĴ졣
ԭĿҲòܹں
Խߣ·ϵ˾Խ࣬ڻǸϡҲҰһ·ߣ̵ģֻϣ֮ǰҵסĵط
Ӧò֮ǰһˣʱ
ȥ⽫ĸ£Ҳ֪ͯĥôˡ
Ұһѡס˿ȦĵطǺϲֵĵطһסլһ¥ҽݣ¥ס
Ӧԭ壬ڶڣȴֲ̫λá
ˣǲӣĿǰΪֹȽʺϾסĵط
ǧɱŸ׵ľƺӼԼĸƣЩƵĸ׻᲻Ϊ̫⣬ǸȴԼĻֻһͷȣ綼
˵Ҳһûлˡ
ԼһŬΪǰæؼҵĴ˺ܶ࣬ԼûѧϰǱҲû취ѧ֮
ǧͻȻͣ˽Ų
ԭһҽ 
ǰʱûҵɡ
ǧûˣҲǳǸƣԲûзϡ
Ĵȷ˵ھӣ˵ǸˣúܲССӶϲ˵˵˭˭ҵĹ﷼İˣǼҵĹΪǸԴʲôģ̫ЩȴҲЩȷѪھӳʲô
ֻ˳Ŵ򿪵ſȥֻܿһ˵Ĵûпˣ
˾ƣ˳ԭ·أھǼҽݵʱʶ˴󿪵ţһڿھӵˡ
ھӴһƺɫС䣬źɫɫĳɴβ¶Ĳϸƺǲߣ˳ſڿ˹
ֲôΪ˶Դס
Ҳ֪ģǧͻȻžƺæˣֱܵ˼ſڣͣ
ǧɴ쵽˲ӣƺܿղǸһƳ
ʲôְ
վſڣȻôվԼҴſڷ˴


25 
ɫҰһţֹͣӪҵơ
ӱĻҪƽꡣ
˵ﱻʲô˰бţͨССֶûУ춼еû
ҽʵţǺʲôͻ￪ôʱ仹ûҪҹԾϹЪҵӡ
Ȼ˹Ҳģ϶˾֮⡣
ڽǸСкһûаϡ
˭֪ڶǸСкˡ
Ǹһ£ҽݣմӵ𣿡һǧԸֳҪһЩӡڹĻǲġ
һҪʲôʱ򣬾ͻֱȥ
ҰһͷҲʮСҽûʲôŶ
ûϵǧȭͷͷΪҸǽʿѧҽԺ԰紦һ˿ڡ
⻰ûдֳڳΪ֮ԵĵҲǰһ򵥣ܻᾭһײеɱ֮ȡʤ
еʱȽص˻ֱڵƣ̫µģԳŻؼҵĻѡؼҴһʱ䣬Ȼȥͨҽһ¡
Ұһŵ˵ͷǺðɣһ𣿡
Ҫ֪Ѿ㹻һ֮һһˣֻǹɸѧϰһվõһǮ˵ǳ
ҲǮ
Ǽһ㶼ǮסõЩÿĳԴöҲǳá
ĸǰɱӵʿûޣɱн𣬾ѾλôĲƸǳɹۣټֳҲѾΪҲõ棬ǧɻĲȱǮ
һµ㻨ǮѾϴ˵ĹҪöˡ
õģøҷʣܸѾˣôǮأ
ϵ·ӿɲʲôͨӣȻʽܼ򵥣Բˣ
Ҽѧ𽣵ͺܸС
ֵ»۵ġ
Ҳ£ǧɸҰһ󣬡ڼʱ򣬼ɨģҲ
ҰһĿ࿴
ǮСүԼɨ
ǺðɣĻҪúõŶҰһûסǧ֧Ķһѣͷèͷӥ
ĺܿɰ
ǧͷͷϵɫĶҲŻ˻Ρ
Ұһˡ
ǧҰһҽ﹤ôȷ
ԼĸG˵һ£GֻǱ˻ֺ֣һھơ
ǧɱɨѣԺĻҳͲ֪ﴵҶɨһ뵽Ҫȥһҽϰ̲࣬ס˷
ͬǧ֮ҰһͶһԼԼ֣ǧҲԼָҰһ
Ұһ֪ɱӵ֡
룬ԼʱһֱѰҹûôĹɱӵ顣
ɱҲ伣һ㣬ôĸ£Ȼһζû
ǹɱƵĵطһζûмҲ̫ˡ
ǧԼѾˣֱǸЩˣ˵󣬸ɻǺ
ûʲôˣʲôƤ֮ģʱ䣬صĲ˾һ˰ˤˣҰһȴʯ࣬˻ؼϢȥˡ
ƽûʲô£Ұһͽǧҩģ˳̵ҽóʶ֮Ķ
ҽټĴǱҽе
ҲôһˣҶǱȽСɷЯģһЩ͵ҽеεİǺ͸ۿǱߵĺڰߣ˽
˽ҰһûʲôͺֵӴڼҲʲôҪеһֱûй
ǧ֮Ұһʵķḻ˲٣ÿ峿꽣ͿԳ緹ţûв˵ʱͽǧɣҲġ
ǧһѷ
ǰĽģֵһܹϹĲӡ
ǧ֮Ľؽ˻ҾǱҪԲ
ԽҰһӴԽǾҰһĲʶ벻ͨȥһĻõ𰸣ҽڵʱΣҰһȫԴѶĺ͸ٽ䶼
һ羿ʲôɰ
Gɺܿͷ˻ǧǸСӵĴˣǸһ˳ֱᡣ
ƳԣҲԼҲȥʲôҽѧϰҽ
ô죬ͱҰһסģøУͷǳ΢
GɺһھƣѰ˼ȥǸСҽ
ҪʲôܰԼӹߡ
GûܰռƻȥҰһϣĴɻˡ
ԶGɾŵõԼϵѪζŨصҩζ
ףһˡɹڷ밲ûлӦǹһᣬվ׼뿪
ȵȡɾ׼ȥǧɵʱסˡ
GţŰ˷ұ˪ϴһΪ΢ЩȴЩмı顣
ǧȥǸʲôҽݴȥˣȥʱ˳Լϵ˴ˡ
ȥĻԼͲȥˡ
˸ǷְŸϣɸ⡣
һԼϵĹɱӶӷһԡ£СһѵؽС棬ȥǸʲôҽݡ
þûַȴǵ˴죬ǴǸ¿ҽ
֮ӶǸҰҽöÿжСϲ־ܾ˶С
ȻִǸҽɽ쵽ϣһȺ͵İʼɶѾʮˣʲôʱҶ飬˭ҵĹʣԽòҪһʲôġ
սڴ߻鹥ҲڽڰˣֻʹһСܵˡϽܵ
߻**һֿܵסġ
ɵҵ˵ܵڹǸҽݣҽ˲ֻ࣬һץҩһڰ˿ڡ
˰˿ڵԼɰĵܵǧɡ
ޣǧɣſںϤǧɾϲŤͷȻſڿԼֳֳѾ˹ɱӵƷܿСӸסĳ״ֵ
ſץҩҰһҲعֻèͷӥ
ҵΪʲôһģӿ̳İ
Ұһһθ̾棬ֵ꣬ʲͬһģһ
ʼǧɵĸĸʲôˣһɡ


26 
ż߽ҽݣҽݱҽҪӼ࣬ǽûйʲôҽġ֣żɽˮ
硣ǧɽенûмĴ磬ǧɲûмȥȸ˴˿ڣڰĿҰһ
ҵܵչˣɱܵǧҪӾֻǿž;ٱ˵ʮ㣬ÿ仰涼Դ̾š
ǧȰ㴦һ°ɣץҩ͹æҰһڰæץҩֻͨƿȴҩɹǧ֮⣬ҪԼϵ˿ڡ
ǧ֪ϵ˿϶ᣬ⿪ϵı֮󣬻ûסһ
֮ǰûкúôеĵطŧˡҰһһۣҩݸĲˣ˹վǰ
ϵ˿ڲƤⶼˣһ鴦ʱûдãɴճ˿ϣղ˺ɴʱһֻȰճסɴȻ
Ǻ۵ģȴȫûкʹЦ
ǹɱӵİɡ
ɵֵѹС棬ֻܿһصˣҲþȣһʿ
ɱӵĽʿǳе£ԼαȽˣûܵΣˣܹؼҿԼĸ׺͵ܵܡ
Լ˿ܹܵúòãҪԼһµܵܵϰ徿Ǹʲô˰ɡ
ôһۿȥҲûʲôرֵעĵط
Ǹͨҽˡ
Ұһóŧĵطŧˮɾ
õ°õ˿ڻθۣҰһҪҩģҩѹΪɾܾˡ
ӺʹҲҪ̹Ȼܣ
⻰˵ĺƣͷ۳亹ھ͸˵ˡ
ҲǸٹɱӵĶʿв־ǿˣסһԻЦģֻɵġ
ɴϵ˿˲̵ʱ䣬ϵ˿ڻ϶ϰֲһǴֱӻҸ
˿ڲƤⷭ¶İͷǳľ㤡
Ұһó˷˿רõߣ˿ڱȻţĲҪҩ𣿷˿ڵʱʹġ
ɺԥˡ
ô˿ڷŲܺ׸ȾҲ˿ϣϿ϶Ŀǰõİ취ǲ֪ܲסͿѪȫͬʹ
ûϵֻԥ˼ʹĻش̲ˣһҩġ
˵֮ǰŧѪǿ쵶ն飬ô˿ھǶ۵Ӹ⣬ҰһѾܵĿˣɵı黹еŤ
ȵ׽ϵԡ¶챻亹ʪҰһϱų׽
ԺǵÿһҩҰһףùҽͰָ״õĻò˶þͿԲˡ
ߵʱǲۣǻһ˻ܲĸо
ˣɴ·ֵ䣬Ƕأ
ǧɵֳҪǮ
£ҺܸлҵܵҽҵҪոġɷֵĺ壬ԼԼǧǧɣο˿ڱͲһ򵥵£ҽո߳˿ڵʵϵ˿ҲܹÿԲҽֶΡ
ҰһҲ֪ΪʲôԼ˷˿ڵʱ·СǸǲˣյ۷ܾ֮ǰżҵء
ȻֻèͷӥôִŸǮǾºˣҲǮࡣ
ɫˣټǧɵĴҰһԾǧ˰࣬ʹȥԼǹţȥҼԼо
ѡԺӣ˵ضβ֮⣬һΪеҡ
¤˵ѪҺܼ⣬֮ǰʱûȶľסأһֱûо
ڼҰһʱ½½ռ˲ٹѪҺóʱԱһ¡
ϣеͯĥռСѪҺ
ֻҪܹҳЩѪҺԼѪҺ֮ƵͲͬ㣬ӦþͿҳǽ˵ķ
ѪҰһǴԼԼЩϲɼġ
ֻʱǸϣҰһҲЩĽṹͼֻܴջڲǺȽ
ÿʱҰһǳԼִʱЩ
ٲ䵽ز
ҰҽݾҲԶ˺ܶԼܵܵĽ⻹תƵҽϰҰһϡ
ϡͦġ
ϴϻȥĸ£ȻǵõݷҫնĻ
Ѱһkanoˣڷۣò㣬ϲɫСҽ߳ˡ
ʱ½½д˼ƺĿĵĵߣÿιɱȥ˵ʱһʼռˡ
Ҳû뵽ԼȻܹĿҰһ
Ҳʲôʣܲʱġ
ҽƢˣֻҪúýӦûʲô⡣
ʵҰҽĿǧԥһ»˵ˣҰҽǸˡ
ǿ̫ˣǧô˵Ҳһġ
Լܵܿ˵۹⣬Ȼǧ˵ҰҽǸˣǾǸˡ
Ǹ˵ĻҲһֱ޳ˡ
ڲϼʱҲãҲãҰһĲ˼ûʲôǮˡ
ɶҰһĺøжȻͦߵģĿǰӴһʱȷǸºֺദˡ
ܲҰһȥɱܲҪúù۲һʱ䡣
˵һ˵Ҫȥš˼ſڣǧͻȻ£ʲôʱأ
Ӧû˺֮ߡ룬Լһ͸ϢӦûԼʱİҰһģ߻пӦԼ
̫ˣǧɺ˷ܣȥ
ûСǧɣе˼漸еļ
ְֳɣ糣ڼңټһңֻǧһʰGɻֹҰһԭ֮һǡ
̫ϰ߼û˵ӡ
ȥӳ⣬ֻʣʲõСڼԼ
֪ðļһԼСˣGɻе㲻ˬ
Ȼ㲻ˬҲûãҲܳȥҰһ˵Сӻ
̫ˡ
ԶGѡԼĴȥ
Ƥ񣬿϶Ϊ顣
Ƥɣ


27 
ɵȻǲ֪ԼϵʲôģŵܵʱдţԼѻŸݷҫգȥ˶Gɡ
ǧҰҽݷǳãɴ˵Ҿǧҽѧ㶫Ҳͦõġ
GûкɫҲûý츳ʵʵҽҲ֪Ȥ
ǧڽ沢û츳ֵɫ˵ϹĲӡ
򲻻ͬǧȥսġ
ǧȻϱҽȥҲ˵ʲô
ǲˬ
УôԼȥҪȥǸҰҽ
Gɷ׼ȥˣɸϽסҪʲôȥ
ҪȥҽݿǸʲôҰҽ
Ұҽ˺ܺãײصģɵҲûֹֻǧɻ׼ǧ׼ָײڿ϶ĵġ
Gƿԣվ˰ΣԼҶӵ
ǸԼСӣ
ޣ
ʱĸ£ݷҫһյ˹ҰϢ
һβǲ˵˻ֻû̹ĿĶѡ
Ҳ֮ķ֡
ĵܵҽݸҰһҽѧϰҽ̽ǧɣҰһûʲô쳣ľٶһͨҽ
ͨҽ
ݷҫհʱҰһ鱨ȫ̯ϣЩ鱨ֻ࣬м򵥵ļҳֽѣɹʲôȥװ׵ļ档
Ҳڶľǰģô鶼鲻ֻƾճһСڡ
һӸ˼٣Ĳʵֺͱڤæֵһ㹤ҪʱúõĹ۲ҰһжҰһв
˵ЩѣȷĿǰΪֹõķӡ
ǧڵڶһҽݣҰһѾ׼˶ţֱߣѾвѾõģװ׷ﻹʣһ롢
ϺãϴϴְҰʣµĶҰһк
ϺãҰҽǧȥϴ֣˸Ұһ߰æһʣµȫãΪʲôѽ
Եģǲ֪ЩҰһЩЩᡣ
ڵʱ㲻ϺãвٱȽ˶ԲϷῴЩʵǳԲǳԻ˶ӣҲֻ֪һٱûʲôãٳԱһ٣Ҹܶࡣ
ӦѾˡ
һӵĹģҰһ˵һӦǹˣҰһ²ȥ˷
һٶɲᣬǧԸµıװһŵ¨ȴǸѹһŤŤıҰһס
Ұһķſһ㶼û͵ϣÿһȭͷҪ㹻һ˳Աһ˶̧οǧɡ
ɡҰһǧɱţҵĶžͺá
ļ䵹ǲᣬɱüʮı¨⼱Ͳֵһᡣ
ǧ۾ʹ۾Բ
Ұһûסһѣôˣ
۾֮èͷӥˡ
ɰ
ǧɸղűһ£Ǹ¨ж֪ģû뵽ҰҽȻ۾գգıлȻ
ҰһӣȷҰһĸ첲ûбʲô⣬ûг״̬
ǧ۾ɳǣҶ
ٳͿˣ㻹СءҰһͷ¨ǧţ˼˵ӡ
ˣϻؼҵʱǵø绻ҩɴҩˣǵô𣿡
šǧɵͷϸֳȥѲˣҳŵʱûлأ֪ûʲô⡣
Ѳߣǧɵĸǹɱӵ𣿡
ŶشĲǧɣһӺ
źɫɱӶӷŻɴ·þͷϻһɵļŵѪζ
Ӧնɱʱմϵġ
ϵѪڹǲζܱŵ
磡
Ұһá
ǹɱӵϻڸѲնɱҲûбܻԼݣ֪Ұҽϲʶʵأ
Ҳ𣿡
شѾ϶ɵĲ롣
˹ȻǹɱҪҵǸҰҽҵǸǧСӦҲҵˡ
֪ҰҽϲʶһСǧ񡯵ŮӣҲأɻǵôҵĲ²⣬ʱ˵ǸǧŮпҽĽʲôģɾøҰһûʲôҪֱӾʳˡ
Ϥİ֣ҰһƮһ¡
ɱӣ֪ԼŮװˡɡ


28 
ǧ񣿲ʶءҰһЦЦ, ƺǸǳƯС㡣
Сȷô˵ġ˵λŸ߹ķ, 治֪ʲôʱܼء
Ұʸ߹һ亹ֱð
ɶҲ֪ǧһͷʺš
, ҰҽǧҪʲôȥĴ֪ˣֻֻΪһȥɰˡ
ȥ, Ҫһȥ𣿡
Ұһԭֻǿһ, û뵽ֱӵͷӦðҰ㱳ɡ
һô˵ţһȥҰһϵı¨Ӳû
ҰһץűЦݣкɽž, Ҳ֪ô, ôôϲᶫ
͵׷ô
˽һᣬɿ֣Ǿ߰ɣȥ
Ұһ˵˸ַɵͷ, Ұһ, ǧӹҰһļ䡣
ɱһ, ͲסӣûסҰһ, ҰһҲһһĻش, ֻһЩȽ.еⲢûش
¾ﻹе, ճʱȻɡ
ߵĿĵصʱ򣬶ѾҪˡ
ǧ۵ĲУһ㶼ƣܹ⣬ϾΪɱӵ㹻ģǾҪ͹һϣûеˡ
û뵽ҰҽȻҲһҲ;Ǳͷˮûг
ԼϺȵǸˡ
ȵˮҰһѺ«ǧɣˮ֣ԼȴһҲûȡ
ü̧ͷһ̫߽Ӱ¡
ټһ£ϾҪˣԱ߸ǧɼʹ͵ȷǳá
ѽȥ֮ҶɣȻԺֶ̫ô죿ҰһҲЩǣûǴĻǧҲɡ
ǡǵġ
ַǳһ㣬ȻÿбŻӵѵϰߣѾϣΪɱӵĽʿϾԼʵ̫ֵɫûа취
ѽԺҪӴѵȥ֮һලġҰһôö֮ǧɵѵŸȥҵԸ滺Ĳҩǧɺȡ
ǧϢ˼ӣŴŶǵ˴
˵״̬ǺܺõĴԥľ۹ѯǲҪǮڵõ϶Ĵ֮ʱϲĻȥˡ
˳֮⣬вСڸ̽ͷ̽ԣЩǧɲСĺӱǧɻҪɾ̲סۡ
Ұһ˴֮⣬˲ҩģֻҪʲô֢ץһ㡣
ڻûв˹Ұһ˷ųݸСǣڵϣЩСӲֺϵۣҲںЩСģҪСҲûԥı˹ȥ
ʲôҿ԰æ𣿡Ҳ.ʡ
ҽӺӰɣһûʲôȥˡҰһʵ벻ʲôֻȥӺ͵ӡ
ȥûӾ̧Ӻӳﵢһʱ䣬ҲдŲ˳ˣҲҽܸǿòһأ
ܱʲôôðɡ
ڿһҽʵ̫ˣԲˣôǮȥҽأ
ҰһѷŸСǣŲ˲ֿʼǿҲ֪ҽһһЩϸëڲ˼£Щ˵ͺ˲١
Ҳ̫ˣ
Ұҽûǿʵƾһҽ˹Ŀ࿴
ǧɺֵûʲôܰæģһ߿Ұһһ߸˿һָǧɣǧԼԼԱָ
еķˡ
ûг緹ָ·ڶѾ磬ѾӶˣǿǧɺҰһæҲ˼˵Լˣֻøɱתע
Ұһķźܿͼ˵ףÿ˶һʱһ𣬻ȥʱʲôʣտҲ
ɶòˣǧҲЩܲˡ
öǧɻһ.壬ҰһʰһҪҪǼҳ
ɫҪȥĻ϶Ҫҹ·
ҹ²ȫҲйĴڣɲ˹һΣ˭Ҳ֪᲻©֮㡣
Ұһҡҡͷ̫鷳ˡ
ȥ֮Ҫ˷ֿȥǼһء
ҲͷҸҲ㡣
ΪʲôǧЩ𾪣ְΪʲôҪҰҽ
׿϶ᵣĺӣûʲôֵġ
ֻϰȥԱԷЩ֡
ǧɸжҪ޳
ڼҵʱGɸŲʣ˵Ҳ䲻ȣԼһһֵģҪ˵ⲻǲܵģô˵ְֿ϶Լֻû˵ѡ
һȥɣǧǺܺóԵŶ
ǰȥ֮󣬾Сǧɽ֣ǰѳԣķˣٲò֡
һһСֻèͷӥԼҰһһͿɿڴӦ
ڻس̵·ûʲô۶ӣ˳˳ĵ˼ңҰһԼ£Ÿ˻ص
G´ſڵֻ̧һֻƤһۣԼӼһʶСһͲı۾˯
ףҰҽǧǣҰһӣС˵
G۾վǧǸСᡣ
С
𣬡Ҷˣȥ
GɺӦҰһкƺŻ˷С棬
ղһƳ裬ʶ
ְûжģֻƢЩǧɸ𣬡ҰʹȥϢɣȥ
һæɣһæ
ûϵԼͺáǧɰҰһƵߣԼȥ˳
ǾͽȥɣóǧɵգܰŶ
óʱ̸һ̸
֮ǰΪǧڣһֱûеĿռ̸ʲôû˵
˿գǾͳʱȽϺá
ɴӲӣĨǵ̽ϲֱӵʣ֮ʶû죬ĨǵĻ̽ᷳ
ֻԼ뷨ѣgetõķʽ
֮ǰиĨǲ˵ļһڻڵء
ҰһôóдԼĶԼǰ
ʵҰܾáûôƣֱӾ˵Լ˼Ľų̫ˣһֱûҵ
ɱʲôֻǸͨҽѡҰһȲ裬¶ȽԼģþ
˵Цˣ˵ʵֻҪԸ⣬ȫԳΪ
ʵ涼һָģܹĲʵ֣ҰһԲԼ˵Լֻһͨҽ
Ҳý
ֻҪɱȾ
ʲô˼
ԵĻϣԼһ棬ȻԼɱӾ͸ˡ


29 
ҰһĦűڵֶ, ÿ˶𣿡
ɷǳ̹ȻȻ, Ұҽ˲һ
, ѵȥɱܲӦ𣿡
Ұһľˡ
㻹Ǹ˵
ʲôҵ, ȥȥ, ȥҲǿɹЦɱҲѲ𣿡
ͦϲҽģΪͬ黹ѣֻͬ£һǳѡ
ȻҪĻԵͶθڡ
е˿һ۾;, е˿һ۾;úϵ, οԼܵǧҲϲҰҽܱԼܵϲһǺˣ
һʧЦ
Ǻ
ǼһеƢ˵㣬˻ǲġ
ʵǵ͵ĵ춹ĵͣ˵ֻԼĲ־ͺ, еĻҪ, û, Ǳᡣ
׵ģƢ̫ˡ
԰ɣеʱ򱻲˶ŵɪɪأ
Ҳһ²۲ʵ, ԭֵƾ²۲ʵѸٵ˾롣
ǧ÷ʱ, ͼԼҰһĵ, ҰҽҲѵЦôġ
׼ԷǧɶԺĵͷ˵ȥиס
һȥһģӲɱӣҪܾҰһʱ˵ǵҲ͵ˡ
𣿣ɵ۾˼֣ܱϲ̫ˣ
˵ʲôأǧɻ
ޣһ˵ϲŶ
ֱӽ𣿡
ĶGɵɴ۾Ѿƺһţˢţϲʲôϲ˻Ҽң
ֻΪѺϲɽͣ벻Ҫҵ⡣
Ұһ̾һû˵һǧɵͷǧĹͷ߰㡣
Ǹ֮£ôܲ졣
ǧɱȽϿףϽѸ˷ֹ˸׺ͶҰһǰ
һҰһͱ˵ķһ¡
ϰڷŵģзһ߱ŵ׷
һҵʳܴ󡣡ǧɳһȥҲװµһ룬Щ˼Ľ͵
ѾɺͶG˻ͷԣڳԺʱ򣬻ᷢ.ݺ.ݡ
ȻǳԵøˡ
Ұһһͷ꣬ʳ󣬳һ㹻ǿ˳Եô㣬ûס˰롣
ֻǿǳԶ;ʳ񣬺޲ٶԼݡ
Ұһߣԭֻǳ߷ֱԣԵŷֱֵķ˿ӡ
ٳȥθ᲻
ҰһѾˣʣ˻ڼԡ
ǧǵһͣµģȻGɣɣ˾ôɰѹһȫԹ⡣
ǧɵֺ˲٣ɷ֮ǧɵļ佱Եķǳģ
ǧɺߵЦЦ
ù֮ҰһԭǸ뿪ǻҪ˵ȥɵķ䵥̸γ˭֪ǵ̸ݡ
Gɶ֪ǧֳֻҰҽ˹ϵͻͽҲûΪɱӵ¡
ǹɱӵ£ҲûȨ֪
*
y޲¤ҵĴš
֮ǰݽ˰֪ԼҪ̸⣬ʱ󿪵Ų⡣
ǶϲڻƳϵʱȥƵǻ̸⣬¤ûзϣϾˣС
ֻ˵Ҫȥ̸
Լӷڷ˴ֵȻԼܡ
˼֮⣬ֻʣ±˹ķԼӶˡ
¤иҪμӣѾ뿪˼ңǰֳ֪һҪԼĸ̸⡣
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þò¤к״ܵӵһ£¤Ű˿
⴦ԭסĵطҪСһЩʤڰģھҲԶڱ濪Ҳŵھӡ
ǳ⡣
˺Ϲ˼䣬¤ˣʾҪ̸һ̸
ʵ̫塣
ϾȦ洩ĳҵˣûûӣʲôǣֻһλͨҽѣܹԼҲǿӵϡ
ȷΧûв۾ű˵֮ڷ¶Լıԡ
ֱӸ䷿ϵ
鷿ɨţȻ˸¤ڵķ䷽
һǽ֮һߣǻ˯ŵ¤ˡ
¤ĲԾľʶվȴֶĿ˻ȥ
Щš
֪пֻһɺϣֻ⿴һֱһֱھЩԾ
һַǳ΢ֱ
¤֪ԼֱǴΪʲôֻǸŮ˵Сѡ
ǽžִ٣ʲô˵Ҫһ
¤鷿ĸڡ˯˭أ
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ھӶ˷ѡ
ɺ𣿻˵ΪԼӹġ
ָһǽڣԼλã¤̸
¤һֱûз£Ѿ̸꣬˺¤Ҳûзɾ衣
¤ǹļ²Ǵվ׼ͳŵʱվ˸ڷſڲˡ

ҶǺ棬Կһ𣿡
ȻѯʵѾһŤ˷סŰ֣ƿǼղյķ䡣
ֱִߵĵƣڴϣסֽţס͵¤ˡ
¤ӦȻı˽ȥ
ȫ¤ֻû˿ãק˷䣬Ȼš
˵״̬ǺܺءЦһں˵أΪʲô¤ʱһֱûгϡ
ֻ岻ѡ
¤ɫֻ࣬ץסԼǯһ㲻ɺתۼͱ߬ϡ
ҲѾˣûܹ
ʲô
˭Ҫ̸⡣˵ţŤ֨һ
ߵ˴ߣµӰӣס˴ϵ¤ˣǲʲôԭ˯ʱȻ͵۾صŵǰ壬סֽҲס
㾹ȻŹ𣿡y޲Ҹ̾һȻ֣Լֲ.¤˵
ղŷӦǳҵ¤˱һ±ͷ鴤ţȴûʧȥ
㡪
屣һֲֻ¤Դеƻͷ̫ˣӸղſʼͺܳԶ׼񣬱Ҫ˳ɱĶȴͻȻסˡ
¤˵ͷ­﷭ţ粻ҵԼҪҵˡ
벻뿴Ķ֪֪Ķ޲ҵ˲١
㾹Ȼץι𣿡y޲ҳ.Լ֣ɺɫ˳εϣղűͷͱ˸Դ¤˵Ҳڷϣ֮ͻָ
ô֪
ԼŮ֪
¤ֽű̻̲㾿ʲôˣ
ʲôˣ¤찡y޲ҳ¤˵¤֣л㣬ҵҪҵˣ㻹ȥȽϺá
䣬⿪¤ų˺޷֮¤


30 
Ȥ
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үˣܼҿֿķҲһ, ʱϲӯ, ˵Ѿ𣿡
ԣѾˡ
ʧȥԭ¤սսͲ˵½ߴ˵ļƻ
ߵžԼֻҪԼ, Լͻ޷֮ıɱ, Ȼ󳹵ʧ
ɹ¤ѾǵԼʱˣԳԼɷ˵Ļø͸Բš
ټϹy޲ҿ¤ļ䣬һʱҲûгʲô
y޲ҷǳ϶, Լûת¤, Ůһӡû, ˵ӸλŮ鷳Ҫһע⵽, ǵĴںױ, Թy޲һ㲻ȨƵֵġ
Ͳס˸¡
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Ҳʱ
¤첻֪ҰҵŮ¤Ӧ֪ģһֱϵϵҲ
Ұһһ·ɱ˲ٹȫƾЩжҰһ·ߣҲһΧҪȷϾĵص㡣
ǲóóȻԼȥġ
̫ҰˣҲԼȥԻᱻҰһǼһһʾͻ᲻һ
¤õʡ
ɽǼҡ
һɽǼңy޲Ҿʶ˸£Ǹ˾Ȼ֮ĴˣȻȴԼ﷭
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ʵ̫ˣ֣**ʹ⣬ܹ׶
ǹȱľʱ䡣
ֻҪʱ㹻˭Ĳ
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ȻҲΪ¤ǸŮˣӺÿƣֻҲá
Ҳܴ̼Ұһ
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ְ֣裡Ѿ𣿣˷ܵ˹ȥ˽¤˵Ļƾж˶ϲ㣬ûовԾĵط԰Ұҽĸҵҩһûأôָģ
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ҰҽѾ˽ҩ𣿡
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ԼСİҰҽĻԺˣȻô˵˳Ұҽ˵˲Ը߱˵ģ
Լְ֣Ӧûɡ
¤Щţȴ֪ԼڲܰҰҽҩ˵˵ǻѾʽʹõҩҲھҪҪĸҩڿĸѾתˣ־ҰҽҩͿԸòˡ
ûУҰҰҽҵҩ¤ﺬ쵽ûע⵽Լŵĸһ˿ҺĲǰ⣬ʳ
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¤Щԥ֪òðҩøְ֡
ԹԵģְֵĻְҲǵ裬һҰҽҩأ
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Ҳȥ˯ɣһҪȥҲڵʱ㡣·ñӣٳŵʱ¤˵˭Զ˭ܶӦ֪ɡ
¤˻ŵͷ
ˣȥŮ˵Ǹҩһ¸ҡǰ뵽ʲôһ䣬ڿŮ˵ͷ֮ŷĵ뿪
طϴﵱȻ֪ڡס뿪֮󣬼淢ʲôϴ˰ڴϣԴŽˣԼ˵˲˵ġ
Լְ֣˵ӦҲûϵ
ְֶ޷ţԺû˿ˡ
¤ԥһ£ױ̨ͳ˵Ұһ˰æҩҪ컹ǴɡţȻôجج˯ˣƾ˲Υ͵ĵطҲһǽ֮֮Ժ
¤ѾϨ˵ƣںڰıĲҽи޷ѻ˯¤Զھӡ
y޲ûоôȥҰһŮԼ޳ǣһģл˸ط̵ͯĥ
ͯĥ磬ϴĵЦݡ
ͯĥ
޲ҴˣôʲôԸ𣿡ͯĥڹy޲ǰƽġҷָУʾݡ
̬
µ
ҵҰ𣿡
Ұͯĥͷ˭ҰҲǵˡ
޲Ҷ˶٣ǧ񡣡
ǧС㰡ûŶͯĥһǸǧС˷ΪҸ֪ǧСԴʲôģԸûа취~
ô˵ŵͯĥһԴͱ޲ҴɣǰʲһתȻϡ
ҪʲôãҸ˶Ҳy޲ҲȻŭֱΪɫУͯĥг˼Ρ
ͯĥĲ³˸ԴΪ⣬ȴǵǸ
ôȵǸǶԵġ
ûа취ٴһѹˡ
뷴޲ҴǰԼе뷨û취أ췴Ҳᱻɱҡеġ
ҵˡ޲ҴͯĥԴ֮һ˵
ͯĥ
أ
ΪҫԼҵûҵ
ͯĥͷǾ͹ϲ޲Ҵˡ
𣿡
ͯĥԥһ£ȻϾǧС~
Ѿ֪ǧСԣͯĥǸĲ˽ǧСϰߣǱʶҰһǸǧС㡣
޲ҴˣҪǧС𣿡
ȻԶмֵ޲ͯĥûţŮߣʲôȥַš
ǸַҰһڵĵַ
ͯĥˢĴס°޲Ҵˡ
һ룬ͯĥʹ޳ǻصԼķ䡣
ñӴͷϣƲƲ죬˾ȻҵǧСˡᡪ
û˵޲ҵ֣ͯĥûд޲µĻƣҲ޲Լ˵ѽ
ŮӦǵͷͯĥǰĵͷʲôԸ
һ·Ҫš
ź޲ҴһȥǧС㣬ǰһҲûйϵ~
ĺܺǧСʲôûԼأ


31 
ͯĥ˺ü, Ҳ˲ˣʵõ˺ܴ, ٶһȻó, ȴҲܱͨȵġ
ҰһڵϵʱѾҹ
Ļ, Ҳ˳, ͯĥʱѾ賿һˣûʲôˣҹ˾һ߲ͫףݿ˾ôڴϡ
ͯĥΪ˲ɱӵע⣬԰Լ۾ָ, ڹϢҲ
ͨĹ, λȽϿҶ
ڽֵεţʱʱԼɫӸԼ¡
ԼĿꡣ
ֺǡҰҽݣ
ҰҽݺܺңҲûιԼĵַͯĥܿڸָҵԼҪҵĵط
ָףָؽľš
ߵߵߵ
ڵҵҰһ̧ͷ, еԹ, ̨ǰվ, ǰĶպãŴӵһ·Сܵſ, š
ͯĥϵЦݸزס, Ϻ, ǧС~
ҰһѵһŹˡ
ǧС㣬ҽȥɲܵģǹ鱨Ŷ~ͯĥţҽ~
Ұһš
ҰһľûͯĥɵԼһ˵ǹƥĹҰһ˵鱨
ѵͯĥѱˡ
ܡ
ûûҽȥǰҶûȥסĵطιۡͯĥҰһҪ˲٣ͷԴҰһͷϿҽݵİ衣
ǷǳͨСҽݣûʲôرĵط
ͯĥܹ޲ҴӵǧС㣬Բֳô޺
һ㵥޺˶޲Ҵ˸ˡ
y޲ûжͯĥ˵Ұһ֮ԨԴ˵޲Լ֪֮⣬˶ȫ֪ģ
Щ֪޲ҷҪˣһҪģҲʣСûˡ
ҲЩеӶʼ䡣
Ұһÿ·ͯĥҰһȷϸûĹ֮Źš
˵ɣʲô¡
λҪŶ
ͯĥת۾ͰԼϰ˸ɾʶӡ
ͯĥҵһλãҰһλ°ͣ۾ڹ¡˵ģѵƴ򿪰ɡ
λˣ
ͯĥ治˵޲ҵĴ
Ǳɹʱ򶼱y޲ֲһڲĳֻҪ˵y޲йصĵĶͻᴥȻy޲Ǳ߾ͿԼص˵y޲ҵĹһһ
ͯĥԼĶԲߣҵֽʣд˹y޲ҵ֡
ûдؼʣy޲ҵע⡣
y޲ҡ
ɸԼ˵ģy޲ҡ
ͯĥ˵ģԼӦʶy޲һҰһɵ֮⣬ûκεĽ
ҲǳȷϣԼy޲Ҹûм档
ǹy޲ôע⵽Լģ
㲻ʶ𣿡
Ӧʶ𣿡
ͯĥʲôЦһ̫Ȥˣ֪˵Ļһǳİɡ
Լʶy޲
ҰһԼļѹ˲٣ǳȷԼȷûй˵ļ䣬ҲѣҲͼͯĥһɱһӹ塣
Ǿûмy޲ҡ
֮ô֮Ŀ϶ԼʶǲԼļˡ
˵Ǹy޲Լ֪ʱ͵͵ĶԼ
y޲Ҳû˵Ұһо˿԰ѹ˵ҩ¤˰ҩˮóõ֮о
Ȼ󳹵׾˼
ҵȷǲʶ
һ۾ͿǧС㲻ŮŶͯĥӳһöը
ҰһüѿҲֻ㿴ˡ
˴֮˶ûпǸλݡҲûпɡ
ܹгλݵ֣ȻͯĥѾλˣʲô֪صñҰһԭΪҪöࡣ
Լ̫͹ˡ
Ǹy޲ҵȷǸ˱ƣµҲȫһ޲ùĵϣм˵ġ
ͯĥȻǸ񾭲ʵõģ
ܹùy޲סԼԼûжٴɱ֣Ѿ˲ˡ
ȻҲԼڲ㶯ֵԵʡ
ھĴѾȫ˯ˣҪĴĻЩֱ˯εȥ
Ұһôܻô̵鷢
ѽҪôֲɲΪ˺ܵģ㲻ҪңһẦµġ
²ͯĥ˲٣ƤҲԼεнȻҲû
Ұһ۾
ڱҰһ֪Ĺ֮ͯĥͺ޼ɵ¶Լָֺףмݣȫ¶˳
˫貵߲ΪƵĵƹůڵģҲûǹϢ
ɡʲôҲûС
˵ᣬΣִ治£Ǻ޸ġ
ֻΪ˺Żô
͸¶Լ˾ټҲãԼҲãúλ̼ԼҲãȫͯĥԼӦô˵ŷԼϲǧС衣
ǿԼϲǧС㰥
棬Լϲ˵ʱôأ
ӦþôɣΪԼϲʲôѶ׾١
ͯĥԼֵ÷ǳãΪʲôǧСˣ
Ұһ̽ĴͯĥӣͯĥһУҵ
㲻ϲӶԸңʲôϲҡҰһ̽Ե˵˵Żʱưˣ΢΢°ͣ޲ÿͯĥԼűġ
ͯĥ۾
ԣϲǧС㣬һ͸㣬ϲʲôӣȣȣƹǱ߽˿ҲŶԡ
ͯĥӵеĲƸԶҰһĶ࣬ͽǲҲḻŮϰ壬ЩŮϰ屻Ե֮вƲȫͯĥա
˵ͯĥеĹ棬޲֮Ǯһ
ٲãԵЩŮκȥˣҲܻһʲСĲƸ
ȻЩŮǵҲвƯӡ
ʱҰһҪģƯӣͯĥĳ⡣
ͯĥܾˣҰһǾҪ쵰ɵ
ʵҰһҲ֪ͯĥӸˣԼҲҪɱֻʱ¡
Ȱͯĥɵͯĥ޲Ҹɵɱ
ǾԲһʳħϵġ
οͯĥڻѻ˭֪ڸԼ˵޲ҵټһ᲻תͷֱӸ޲˵Լ¡
˭Ŷأ
ͯĥӻ죬ҰһҰһҲ˾ôţҲġ
ʱӵδδ죬ʱһһεĹȥͯĥȾģžӣӿ̨ǰվҰһһȦǧСΪʲôأ
Ұһû˵סͯĥ
ܷȥ
ͳֻͯĥӡıʣͯĥһҰһ֧ʾͶپ²ǳɴԶҪӳ졣
Ұһû·Ļᡣ
Ϊͯĥ⣬ҰһʱסĵطôܻʲôֽŶûء
ͯĥõָֻշŵϣͱϵȸ֡
ѽ
һŬڴûз֮ǰɵġ


32 
ҰһӲ, ǣҰһס
ͬ, ôխķ, ǽԶʦʩչġ
ͯĥջ֣ĳ˱̫յĺۼ, Ҿþûϡ
Ҫ֪, ɱӵֵڿʱգۼϣֻһţȻڶûá
źǧСһʡ
ͯĥԶš
ҲԶӵаǽڡ
ԼʱҲţŵʱԼҲȷŵģǸʱԼȴû̫ˡ
Ҳ˵ǧСԿӡ
Ұһתű, ߽ͯĥ, ұﶯֵģҵġ
ͯĥ죬
Ҳûа취ˣֻܴ˰ɣû, ľɾҪŶ
һ˵, һ߻, ЩɫģӨɫâӴ
ҰһϤ, ڼǰս֮ԼҲʶʽ
ʵǳ, ж
ϰĺĹɱӶʿж, βᱻסǿͨ˲һԶʿҲвĶֻͨҪͻ
ЩԲ뿪ݡ
䷿ӱװ޹һΣڲװ޲ϣǱӳֹϣݻӡ
Ұһ¶أȴҲܲܣֻס
ͯĥȴҰһ˵Ļᡢ
˼ɵóԼΧĹѪ˯
ʮ׸ߵıεضλ汯˫ۣӸµĸҰһ
ֱֻ֣Ұһ˶Ҫֱӳݶ¶⣬Ҳûݶӿ
Ķ൱󣬻ڼϢɺͶGɱѣʵԲǧҲ˹
ɺͶGɹ˲û·ֵʹ˳
ֻվԺܿԶԶܹı
֮
ϾͰԼ֮еֻ˺š
֮ǰֻ֮
ѪǱͷų滹ж
ΪʲôΪʲôչ
ǳǹɱĻ̫԰ɣ
һ𣿣ǧҲӸ˳һ۾ͿվڷϵģźɫѵҰһ
Ұһݣ˷жЬӳͯĥڵĵط
Ұ
Ҿ˵ǧСΪʲôס£ԭйɱӵͯĥվڱļյӡ
֮
ɫ֮ΪʲôͶİҳΪʼֵķ;ӵˡͯĥǳ棬ڷʵʱ򣬶ûӣӷ϶бĶ˳ҹ΢ӿ
жҰһñڿл˸ȦۿžҪͯĥɹ̫ͯĥһͷôҰһꡢ
ʲô
Ұһȴֱץס˷ŽɫâűϵװΣԾ˱ͯĥߵλá
Ȼ
ͯĥ۾ιιιǲе㷸氡
л߽ܰŻ˰
ΪǧСĶûа취̫ˡȫû뵽ǧС㾹Ȼô档
ԽԽȤˡ
ЩжʱͰγֵϸ̫֮ȼеĶͯĥɢĶһķΧڡ
GҲæ
ȷǴӹɱӴְˣⲢֵʱ޶ԡ
˵
ͯĥû취ֹҰһ󼸱ˡ
ְƴ̫ȽȽ𣬽̫յ硣
ɢĶѩһڻǸߴıҲǼ˻ľһȼգۿɼٶڻ
ͯĥվڸߴ֮ǰһӰܣ¶ƤѸڻľɫͷ䣬̫֮ȳ̡
ڻ֮ˮһ̼丯ʴµе棬ɺͶGܵÿ죬ҲҪ
Ұһͳһ֧ոµľᣬһɢ¶˻ھĻ
һֻ̫Ļ
ҰһҪģֻǰڻͯĥһװȥ
ԶһطĹy޲ֱ̫䲻ĵطڴϣû¤ǱȻǿ̼˹
ۣȴ̫Ǳ̫ɹ֮󣬼ڵϴĸףﻹץԼûҩȼ˻档¤æˮҪĸ𣬿¤˿¤ʱȴʧȥյᣬ׺ݵҧԼ۰Ů
¤ﵽûΪʲôѾָ˵ṥԼֻͽţӱҧϣѵһ̣ȴĸԼؿڴڵĳš
ʲô
ֻ̫ʮһʧ¤ԶټϺ޲ҴѪҺǿĻ
޲õҩһߣȫʧȥǣֻſʳԼŮ
ǵɷûιĻס¤ǰιʮˣղŻԵ¤ҰӶڵİ˸ˣֲ˴󲿷ʧȥǵĹɲߵǲŮֻҪԣܹŲ
޲ֱʧŴӶصĵط۾Ŀѡ
ĸϾҰ
Ȼy޲Ͼ侲ܿͷĸɵƾҰһ
ͯĥǸϣ
ͯĥȫûϢ
Ҳ˵ͯĥѾˡ
ֻҪͯĥţǻԣܿж޲ҵĿţ뺣һȥ
ͯĥȻˣԼĴǻƨƨߵĹģڹӣ˵ֱҲˡ
Ұɱ
ʶԼԼôѪͯĥˣy޲Һòѹȥŭʱȼ
ҰһǾԼȽϺá
п͸ĵطȫʵʵĶȷһ̫Լһֲ
ȻŮԼͻ¤ҡ
ʱ¤ѾԳƵˡ
޲֪Ϊʲô¤һԼ뿪֮ǰֻҵˡ
ӣĻǲ
y޲ҴصѪҺʬ壬˶¥¤⡣
¤¤˵֡
¥ĳ䴫Ӧ
y޲ƿţӳ۵ס
һŮӵķ䣬ҾߺװȫŮӻõģװž´Ĵûϣӻ̯ţһֹֻ֧滹δɵѪҺ
ˡ
ڼ޲֮¤ʧȥͻȻλԼ¡
֮ǰԼԳǸŮӵġ
Լ
ͷһѾԼ˴Ѿεʬ壬ûס˸¡
Լ
ҩأ޲ûйܲ¤Զ˵㡣
ùŮ˾ǻֻ˵Ǹҩ
¤ڵңҵ˱һߵܡ
ڵ϶Űĵ̺ȻƳɵܿ϶Ϊղź˼ɵĶˤ顣
޲ҴнӹܣɫҺֻаܣͷҩˮԼ
ûɱ¤ˡ
Ҫ̯ӵġ


33 
ͯĥ֪Լû
ϲ㱻̫, Լ
ʵҲõ
ͯĥû
һտ, ֻ̫ĵط
̫Ȼ̫ܺ, ̫ʮ֮ȥ, ̫ȴֻܳƵӨӨ, ɹֻһʹ, ȴ
ڻٶ˲٣ͯĥ̵Ķ㵽Ӱ, Ȼʤ, ȴҲֱ̫ܺܶࡣ
ӦþǧСĻɡ
ʲôûС
ǧС̫ݶˡȻʹ졣, ˧Ѿڻһ, õĺۼ, ˻ڲϼһҲûкתĺۼ
۵ĥĺʹ
*
Ұһ, ӰѾ
ղŵսʼĿ, Ҳ죬ͯĥ֮ûˣƻĽҲֻҰһҽݡ
һɲûбʴĲк˹ΧҰһһȦ, ȷɫЩή֮Ⲣû˿, ղô£
һʼҰ鱨棬ûкٻ̫, ٻ̫ġáǧСϵġ
һ뵽һ, ɾһʼԼԵһƺ
ͯĥҰһһǧС㡯
ǧС㣿䲻һ䡣
ҰһʶĿȥ
ȻҰһֻɲõЦݡ
ޣû¾ˣɶ, ҰһִҰһԥһ£ǰַȥ
ղŵȷе
ûµģһʲôᣬȻؼҰɡסҰһ󣬵סЩˣһѾˣʲô¾ɸҰɣںˣҲȥϢһ°ɣ컹Ҫأ
¾Ͱź֮Ҫ顣
Щ֮⣬йͯĥҪ
ѻѾȥ֪ͨ˲ʵֺͱڤŲ֮ǾͻҰһһɵӣ˵˾ʲô۾ŵĻͷһҰһ
𣿡
š
нȴҲûаҰһ²ܡ
һңڼϸղ̫ԣӦǲ۾Ĺ鷳ģʱϰӦ㹻ʱѡ
ڵǡû㹻ô̵ʱ䳷롣
ҰһķѾƻһɶڸȥˣҶһŲȵ÷飬Ұһԥһ£ȥ˵ңѻõȫս˾ᣬõҲ˽ȥκ˿ɳ֮
ҲûȥʲôˣҲôǰע⣬ȫΪСѰ˼ŵ˶ʱȥûʲôֵǮĶߡ
ҲúҰҽôҸġ
ǰźһֵģûսֻܶڰȫĵطҰһսȵս֮ܳʰо֡
ȻҲҰһͯĥһ̡
Ҳ׳Լϥǣ
Ҳɳ˼ˣҰһķӸȷĻ˳û١
ѵôˣGɾܲˬȴҲ˻
һղ˵𣿡
һʼ޲ҵĿңڻʱ䣬ϽϵɢҪ¡
֪y޲ҲڵڶҰһˡ
ʱּ꣬ôǵ飬޲ӵԶԶģôһδء
ͯĥһŴݾߣԼ¶ˣǲͯĥ޲ֻͯĥԼ¶
ȻˣԼЩȫù
޲һص޳ǣŭĽװƷȫ飬˲֮װηĺ
˭ԼƷŭԡ
˭֪˭޲ҴŭԼЩûСҪʵʵĴţҪùͷȽϺá
Ůһ߰缦
Ůʮȫлȵ޲ҷйԼŭ޲˵һ
ãæԼСžŶ
ÿʮ޳ǶԼķ䣬Ǻйѡص޳Ǿס
ҲֻһĲżȥһˡ
ϴҼᣬѾȥһٶ꣬һٶ䣬ҲֻҵûжҹѾȫһ
Ҳ̫ԣҲˡ
ҷλÿȱˡ
һʮһֻˢˢĹڹy޲ҵǰ˺Ĳɫ糣֮⣬ʮ¶о˹y޲ҵŭ
ͯĥˡy޲¤òƽƽһ䶯֮ͱԭ˳λƣλÿճ
ĹûΪͬ˶ˣͯĥˣϲʤ
ûסǡ
ⶫˣ
ҲͬҵĹעͲ̫һˡ
ҵλÿճһҲ˵лְнΪҡ
ȻͬΪʮ£ҺҵĲ˵ر𣬱ңҾʵͨӱǿһ㣬ֱȽϺõĹ߶ѡ
˵Ϊ֮ǻӵиǿ˸ǿ֮ͿԸɵĳԵˣѭ˭Ըأ
һʱ䣬ޱȣĿƣǻܱǲȥ̧ͷy޲ңȻy޲Ļͷ
ͯĥˣҿճһλãô˭սһ𣿡y޲ӵĿӽ⿪ڣҵɫ˰ôˣ
仰һˮֱӽԴȣҪսҵҽ˸͸
Ϊʮ£ЩҪǸѰɫ˰Ȼȥɱӡ
ôȥˣǾȻûҵɫ˰
ǽ죬֪ΪÿᱩŭĹy޲ҾȻûЦЦǿЦһӣңôʱ䡭ȥˣ
ǶҺ˼ˡ
y޲ˣвͺпܱͷ
ǿɾˡ
ܡǺĲ˿ڣҲֻкĲŸʱ򿪿ڲᱻy޲Ҹɵ
ˣʱȰɫ˰£ȥһˡy޲ҵһۣȴûжʲôеҹǰ̬һӡ
Ȼв𣬵ܿǵȷҰһ
⡭Ĳһ£ƺ
Ĳһϲܣʳ֮ʱ϶ԼլԺ浱һլУɹ⼸ʱ棬Ŵ£y޲Ҳ;Բôοȥˡ
ģy޲üҰһս˺ĲңȻȥѰ
˺һᣬĲڴӼҳ˹Ұһļ䡢
ǲһλҽţ
û
ûмǴĻΪҵĸסι
ѾǺü֮ǰԼʱˡ
Ĳܹڼ󻹼ǵҲΪǸʵӡ̣ںĲļ䵱С
ĸ׽ԼԵһ֮˲һֱãȻٹĸ׵壬ȴҲ֪Ϊĸ׾ԲܾôȥԲǸҰҽĸ׿


34 
ʵĲѾǲ̫弸ǰ, ΨһԺӡ, ֻԼĵܵԵһ
ΪҰҽһҽ, ӡҪԭ
ʱĲ֪Լĸײ, ֻǾΪܵܵԵһһֱĸʵϲ̨, Ƕʱĸ׺ٴӷҲ֪Ϊʲô, ֱҰ
Ǹҽĸ׷һ̷ֱĸ׵ŮСѩߵʱм, ʵǺ, ǸΪҰ̽ĵ֮ȥСѩô¡
СѩֻǺ˵ĸ, Ǹĸ׿ҽ
ĲǳԼĸ, ҲԼĸ, ͳûע⣬Լ˳ȥ, ȥĸҽԼĸ׵徿ôˡ
ȷҵ, ҰһûԶǱһľ̵·ϡ
ǸҽֻйܴİӣƤԼŮ˶Ҫϸ⻬ȫ񱥾˪ҽ
ȻǸҽ, һλũ
ǰֹѪ, һѾʧȥ˫ȵ˫ȣһػ

ĲǸҰҽеõԼĸ׵Ĳ, һ, ǿҰһȻǸũĺĲӦһҳݵС
ܿͻؼ, Լ¡
Լ֮󣬵һӦɱȥץǸҽҪΪԼ¡
Ҫ֪񼣵ҽԻü̹һ졣
Ǹײûץ֮󣬺ĲҲûмǸҰҽԼĸҲΪûҽζȥˡ
ʵڻʱ򣬺ĲҲԼûжԸ˵Ұҽ£Ұҽ᲻Լĸ׿ֱĸ׺ԺıҲһη
һжѾˣˣĸҲˣܵҳߣԼҲ˹ʲôֻܰһС
ȻһУֱy޲Ҹ·˳úĲˡ
Ϊʲôǰûмû뵽y޲ҰһĽ͵ʱȻˣѵڿ𣿡
Ĳ˹y޲һۡ
ȷԼСʱһ֮֮ҲûмҰҽˡ
ǸսƵһܹʮ궼ǳ٣ԼɹҲѾмʱ䣬תԼΪʲôһζûм
˵y޲Զڸ֮ǰʶҰҽˡ
ôľ룬y޲ҿĲ
ʱѰҰ֮̽⣬׼Ļʳұŵ㣬ùɱӵЩһҵļƻҵ֮Ž
ʮӦ
ǲ֪y޲ҺҰһ֮ĹϵҲȥ飬ӵҲֻкĲǺĲ֮ĹϵͲȤ̽y޲ҺҰһ֮ĹϵȥΪʲôҰһܹôһֳ뻯ҽ
޲ҷԸ֮ŮԼߣʮ
y޲뿪һ
ǻĶ鼧ãȴЩ¡
ϾҺ֮ʵǵһǸͲսҡ
ɱһɱӵ׵ɱһȴԱɵɱ
Ƿǳ򵥴ֱʳϵѡ
ʲôٿͰǵӸڳ鼧׺ݵ
ΪƯŮͬһǣǵģ˻ǹ϶ǸԵˡ
ȻλǻҪߵļǲҶġ
棬ʳײ㣬ǰȫ߳ơ
鼧Ҫһʶ˷̫˵
ȡ֮ҲǳʲôоȻôǣӦðǵӸڳ鼧һǼҴţһȺ˹֡
λңֻҷαƽһ¶鼧ãĩȵѣΪͯĥ˶壬ʵҲĳ̶ȣ
ⷬùЩҵŤͷһۣ˵ʲô
ˣ
ܹһλãˡָϾܻôȫ˵漣ء
鼧ĻùЦǱȽϺ˵Ĺ鼧ҲԻЦȴǼ˹Ƶĵͷ
˾ȻΪ鼧ͷ
ֻףһѳ˺Ĳ֮ȫͼһŻƢȽϺõҲûסһ١
ǵģô˵ҲҰôҲһֻܱĶõĶɡҲĿڣ
üһˣ֪ԼôЩˣԼֻͶ鼧Ǵ
һĺܳһ˸ߵĴ㣬ֱһڽһ˽ȥʣ
һҲóԡĽ˸á
ûӵôܻóԡҲˣˡ
ҲȥɡͰ칷Ҳ뿪Ĳ֮ŮԼ˻ȥ͡
ԭҷԶҼҲ˳λ
ĻֻҿһλãҲճһλá
֪ΪλãʱӦûֲٻλս
ЦЦŮԼͻԼס鼧ͼ˷̫Ҳ˳˵Ρ
ֻǸҷеӡ
Ҽˡ
νˣҵĹô죬ҲȲŶǼסͻɱˡ
ҵǾ£ԺΪҵǱʡ
ҹûеӣֻҵȶ˼
˷̫кɻɣղҼôǵǣҲҷĹϵ
ʲôö鼧Ųһֻ˷ôྫǵ˵Ҳһ꣬һҵһֱڲͣĸѾһʼʶһˣԶ鼧Ͳ⡣
Щªҹy޲ҵˡ
ǿһֱڸ輿ֲܳȥЩҲᵽôҵõˡ鼧Թһ䣬Լ仨֣ȻǸҲ
Ǻܺ𣬴˿˵˲ǴݾߣʱҲʱҪ̫ˣȷͷȥ˵
֪֪鼧߷ߵͻȻһͯĥôģ
ͯĥǵľˣͯĥҲͯĥģͯĥȷе㷳
ӦþλҰҽɡ˷̫ıö鼧Щû뿪޳ǵʱѾƲɱͯĥ˭
޶ԡ
һΪʵҲǺϲͯĥһҲΪy޲ҲˣֻǰǸҰҽץ
仨ְɡ鼧죬һ߰ͷͺսսԼһСŪ˶鼧𷣡
û뵽ζ鼧Ȼûзֻǵһûз
ɰͺ˸
ާԼƢһ㶼ˣʲôò͵ġ£ާͻôõŭȫϡ
ǸʱǾͲˡ


35 
Ұһķӱƻһɶ, ֻʱס, ɺǽӴİš
֮ǰͯĥųĶҲȫ̫֮ܽʧ, ˺, ֻҪʰ, ȻͳһھͿԡ
ڸҰһƨɵʱ֣ϵĴԸղŷЩ⡣
Ѿٻ̫Ұһˡ
ܹ̫гǲʲô
Сӳͷ, Ȼ֪Ұһ϶ʲôǸʹʲôġ
ûͷ۶, յϢķʵֺڤʹӸԸ
ıȱڤҪľٶȾͺܿĲʵ֡
ɴϢֱд֪Ұһ, , κ, Ԯ, ͣĹ
һҪúõĽһµ顣
ǱҲյɵı棬Ȼ˵úλҲһһˡ
ΪҰһǸʲôǧС, ȷ, Բúλݹһ¡
Ұһ֪ȴʲô֪ǸԼʷ˹ҴԼĺʷ
Ұһڷô֮ǰϵ˶תƵȫĵط
סӹģ㲻СסҲ٣ȨƵ, Ҳʲôɶûоȥĵط
ǰѹɱӵĴ󲿷ս
ôҲǲ, Ǻǹy޲ҵıƣһ󲿷ֵֶ, ǹy޲ֱһɽԼϼҿɾͲˡ
ӵĶӳȴһ顣
黹ǹҰһġ
ǸղŰҰƺʱϵ˶˵Ұ, Ұء
ͷ۵ҰһͷʺţΪʲôô˵
Ϊղٻ̫
һܸɵ, ʵϻеͬЩ˵ĻۼҰһ֮ȴʲôĲʺҰһ
߸ϣʳ̻Ϊͨ˵ı˶ˣΪͨ˵ʹʹࡣ
ϳһ룬ʵʱ򣬾Ϳôĳ뿪ӣʱһ£Ͼ֪y޲ʲôʱ
Ұһ̫Ѩ̫Ϸˡ
ܲţǡȷĿǰΪֹõķˡ
þҲ𣿡Ұһ¶Ϊѵı飬ɳԽΧоҲ𣿡
Ȼǡкܶ˲ž졣
Ҳһҡ
Ǿһ𣿲ôӱա
ûʣǲûк֮ǵս
Ұһͷˡ
ȫû뵽ԼȻҪװŪƭ񣬳ȻǺõģô˵Щ޷ܡ
ĻԡǶҰһڹʲôҰһĺ󱳣İɣһģ
ʲôġ
ʹأʹܲһˡһ
ʹܱõĶ࣬ʹࡣ
ҰһԭԥڿɵЦݺͼᶨ֮ܿͰͷͬ⡣
ϳһͳȥҾǱ߽к
ɱӵڣľʵֶ֪ǰҲæôһ¼
εĶԱҪö࣬ûзӦѾɾôݵļ룬𾪡
ٻ̫
æľֿҰһĤݣ޲ùҰһһ֮ĺˡ
̫ˡ
û취ʱԴ
ɸ첲ϼԼշɻѻͻż
̫ˣ˵Ķʿ߸ˡ
⸽Ķʿ𣿡
ţӦǹİɡɰָͷˣС㣬иڡǲ֪ܸܲϹ
ҰһıʱĽӲͺСʱǾûڣ޲øϽܡ
ҪһͲסλһֱԼѻ鸾Ů
ҰһֹסƮɿӾЦǹ˼Ұһ᲻˼ûЦ
Ҫģ˵˵ģ
˼Ǵʵ֪
ڵСʱ͹ɱǱ߾ʹ˺Э飬Ϸô£м˯ŵҲö֪
ոʱ򣬹ɱӵĳ˺λñȽԶûе֮⣬ļѾϵˡ
ҰһɲڣȥˣҽǵֻGɡ
ϿʶһϽ˽ȥ˵ڵ
Ҳ˵y޲ҪڽҰһʵְθǸ쵰ڿðͷˣ
Ҳ֪˵Ǹ쵰Ұһǹy޲ңС
СǸGɾϹڿGɵͷ֮
˼ʲô
ǰ˵y޲Ӧòڤڿڡ
ڲݷе
ҲԤһԤУ꣬˪Ĺɱӱ
ǹɱӴƽʼһֱ͹y޲սʵǱȲϹģԹɱܻԵĴҲΪ޲ҵϮɱĹżʧ١
һֻش¼֮ǰݷҫղŻصԤУݷҫy޲ҿܹ֮Ȼûʲôĵĸо֪y޲ҿܲˡ
пٻ̫Ұһǹy޲̶ֳȵĹҲ¼̫ǸһпѾˣٹ
ΪԷһݷҫջǰ˹ȥ
ͨ˵ЦҲԼĶʿǵЦ
ݷҫյԤвûдy޲ҵȷԼȥҰһ˵ˡ
Ұһ˿Ũīزʵһʣְֺޣ޲ȥȴֲܷŲŸļֵ
ҪʮǰҰһץһҪŲС
ȻҲһԭΪ
¡
ˡ
Լһȥǿ϶ܵģǴСܣͯĥѾ˹ɱǱߵˣСȥҲп޹
ڸԭ򣬹y޲һЪȥ˵ġ
ݷҫճֱ֮⣬Ҳзⷽԭ
չy޲ҵԸڷԼٱ¶֮϶ӵԶԶģôܻٹֲġ
ϵ˾Ͳɢ𣿡
˼ġڤ˵ͷ۽ǲԾˮû̫ˣӦøлҰ
ǸҰֵʱٻ̫𣿡Сȴʵٻ̫ǺλǸŮ˵ΪʲôҰҲᡣ
ΪãʵҲȷ
ô˵ȴֳһȻʧһֱڹ۲СЩɻ
㡪Ϊʲôôźָžϵıӣʲôûиǵ𣿡
GЦһ
ЩΣΪ̫˼ڡ
Ϊ뿴Ұʹװ
Ů·ͷˣҰĻһѹȺ


36 
һʼǲɢȺʱȥ֪ͨҰһ, Ϊŷ, ǻȥǳʹװ, ʽˡ
ŮǶû˵ʹӦ, ҲͻȻէ, ˵Ұһ֮Ͼͬ⣬Ŷ硢
ҰһżƵĸǰŪ
ܺÿŶɿ佱, û뵽ҲʺϰɫȻ㻹ʺϻһĺɫˣ
ʹװ԰ɫΪɫ, ׺źɫͽɫĸװ, ͷһɫñӡҰһͷɢ, ɢڱ, ĩýɫϵ
һһ·ҰһΪܡ
ϲֻһС, ֻûǱסƵĻڡ
ѻҰһקһӣͼԼһЩ, һµ, ϾͱŮ
һҪϺǣ̬ʹķ緶Ůѹסӣ˼䡣
·û̬ˡҰһԹ
·ÿǺÿ, Ǵֳֺ, ˭϶ᱻѹŵİ
ۿ
űˡ
ǸҰ˵۾ֱ˫ҰһϾ², ԼҪ˵ʲô˸һɶ
ɿһ, ֮, Ұһߣʲô𣿡
Ǹ϶ӳҹ˵ûˡӲԾĹ˵˹ľҰһҲ֪Ϊʲô͸оҰһǺ顣
Ϊʲô
Ϊ˵y޲ӦòˡСĽͣߺ޲ô͸ɵ壬ȥһҰһϧҰһɵʵʵ
ΪʲôҰһ̽ͷڵĽɫĶҡΣʵǹߵ
²Ҫ͡
Ҳˣأ
˶Ѿˣ·ϣһҲҪˡʱش
Ұһְͷ˻ȥ
ڸͲԲʵǣԺλݣԵĻһӶҪõġ
ڹǱѹͬΪ߱¶ԼIŮװ¡еԽܡ
һɣȻûбҪתƣҾͲô˰ɡ
Ůû
ҰһϽ·һһºƵֻ֯ʣһֱ¡
ȫԴŵģᱻ˵ҪʱԣֱԼ·
֪ͨˣ鷳ȥ֪ͨһ¾Ǳ߰ɡ
ˣɱӵǿ϶ôɢʲôҲܣôӸ˲ȼĶʿΪڽϷֹ޲ҵͻȻϮ
ȻǻҪ˵ĻǶԵġ
޲ҶزôãСĽҲǸС˱ƣֲܷôС޲ҵȷںùܶࡣ
Ҫ޲ڹɱǰQǹɱڹûôֱ࣬
Ұһĥĥ䣬ѵǰ¶̬ɵȻΪʲô
ԼסǲͲһס϶µ˶֪
ֻɲ̫ʲôü˵ġ
ҰܴװǴŮװÿΪʲô˵ȥأ
Ұһڲ⣬Ҳ˷ڵķ档
ȥΨ鲻ͬ
ǶĿҰһǺ೤ǳ·ţֱſˣ˲Ųվˡ
ӰӦ
һ۾ͿǱ־Եķͣ˵ϲ
ޣϺãŴʺš
Ϻá˶Ӧֻвʵ̽ͷվҰһ
ҰһղžѾԼֱ̬˲ʵϤǸӡ
·ӺɫС˰ɫֱ°ˡ
Ұ
þòû뵽ƢôꡣҰһк
ƢôˣʵֵʱͲˣʱԼܵһû㣡
ΪʱĲ̫ˣҾǣֻڵĻӦûһʱġ
ʵüëֱֱӰ˸ôǱô˵
˵ǹy޲ҲһԲɢˡ
漰ʵ־ûģݺݵһҰһԼԭλãҲԱŲһ£ĵط
Ұһ˵л֮¡
·ô£ʵֺ˵껰֮Ұһ·ɡ
ҰһԱߵǱڤ²ʵֺҰһٳм䣬ҰһƢõıڤ
ǰǴǱ߽ġҰһûзϣ֮ǰ˵һǵ󲻿뿪ĻֱӵʹȻ뿪
ʹ
ٻ̫ǸСڿҰһĲ䲻ʵ
ûҰһҧгݡ
ǣ˵ٻ̫ģһǧķˣ㿴ɲŮӡ
Сڴһʼûô˵ÿ˵һѪһڣͰѲ֪ƮȥĻͷָ˻
ıڤҲתҰһķ
ռ鱨һֱһ˶鱨Ҳû˵ʲôáСƺЦˣҲνȻ֮Ӧþ֪ǧСĹϵˡ
ˬһЦʲôû˵
ҪԼ̽
λݷ糾͵ĸǼƳɵ֯ɣһɵҵſڡ
Ǹˡλݱ˽ҹ·λЩƣԼл˷š
ҰһƤ
ǻɣûе̫ãλݾ͹ˣСڿһҰһζΪ˼
λţѵЬ߽䡣
һ۾ͿڿҰһ
ܾЩ졭

͵㣬۾´
ǲǧС㣿
λ۾ǧС𣿡
ۣʵָͽǿڲ豻˳ȥýڤǰڤһ١
öİСںôĵǣ
ʲôʱŮˣʵֹ˲òӣֳԽҰһǰգҰһƿʵִյùڽ㿿̫ˡ
㻹ûشҵ⣬ҲڵʱûжָʲôǸء
ģҰһԼܵܵһʱûиɱģ˵ջ󡭡ʲôġ
ϾֻСӣƯŮӻ̲סĵҲġ
ҰһϵЦЩǿеģҶôСĺӲȤ
ǡλݲţǵǧ
ҵҰһ
Ұһǲǡλݿ˲ʵ֡
ʵֺһȴҲûϡ
λݵһ


37 
λݻǲ, һ㶼Ů̬Ұһ, ǳԼ۾
Լûп
ǲΪټϵæսԼûп
λҰһ֮ʼԼֽ̺Ұһദÿһ̡
ȵȡ
ǧС, ҰȷǿԼŮ, ǵ֮ʱ˵ѾСȷ֮ܳΪС, Ըýˡ
뵽һλͻȻͷЦĻ֦Ҳ
ֲô˵ҰͻȻ˵, ĺ
˶ڿ̸Ͻ˰, Ǹ, ղʲôЦ¡
ʲôЦ£
λҡҡͷ, , ˵
θڡʵֺһ, ǹҰİɡ
λû˵
ˣȲҪ˵ЩˡڤǰĲˮѾҰһɾ, ǸӴʱװС, ڲðתƣѹͺܴˣ
y޲ҲֵµЩҲпܻˮ, Լ, ֵµʮ»ᱻɹǵߡ
޲ǺпģϾ޲ֹ, ֵµһ绻һ, ˸鷳ȫûʲôá
ҿ԰æҰһԭһϱİ취, ˲ʵֵġһһСڵġһһڤġһһ̲֮סˡ
һֻɱһֻģ˺λ֮ⶼ˵һɱһǲﲻ̫Ծ
Ұһ侲˼
ȻǵĻ
ŶҰ̫սΨһһû˵һɱһĺλЦĻҲܰĺǽˡ
⵹ҰһЩ⡣
ʶôɱӵĶʿֻкλ˵˺͹̸еĹ۵㡣
ȻǲҵĻ޷ͨĻǾֻɱ˰ɡ
Ұһ
Żһɱһ
Щǣ޲ڶ޷Լ˵**ڶʱͻʧȥǣ̸еĿԶûСԱ˵ĹһЩЩѾˣɱûзŹѾԹ˵Ĺ˼ԻҪɱԾ󻼡
̸޽ġ
̫ɱ𣿡
ȻԡҰһͳԼľᣬͯĥ档
ڳ񶼱ˡ
𣿡
ҰһҡͷӦðɡ
̫ɹΪǿĻָϻָͯĥ
̫ݶˣǧС㣬Ǳ
֮𣿡ڤûиоϢҰһѾƵϣ棬벻Ҫ𿪣˺ͯĥͻġ
ǰ죬ķ棬ͯĥҲǻᱻ˺вͻҰһǴ򿪡
컹ãϵĻͯĥص棬û̫вͻ֮زز
Ǹʱĥ˺ܾûòͯĥʲô£Ҳ֪
͸ǹɱˣҪ֪y޲ǿԿĹģǵλú˼룬ҲͨҰԼ뿴Ķ
⿪عɱӻǵоĻͯĥһᷢġ
ϻٻ̫ս𣿡
ʮû⡣
ʮ㹻ҵȼĹҷˣңͯĥּĹܾԲһЩܵÿˡ
ұĲ˵һһǿ
ڤԼŵľǧҪֱѹϡ
ҴӦ֮ȥǵԲõƭǡҰһ̧ͷ졣
ΪɱӵĳѾ㹻ˡ
ͯĥԼʵģΪ˺͹ɱӸùϵôˣҲʵû취ֻǰһЩʵٰ͵ɱȥ
Ҳ֪ɱûпԱ
ĹɱӶʿҲ½½һжʮλʿ˹
ڹɱѾܶˣɱжʿҲܹ֮࣬һͨʿλԱѾ㹻ӡ
ڡ
Ұܰɡڤڿ֮ǽỹҰһսʱȺܴϲȫԻҪܡ
ڤ˵ʵ
һֱֻ۳С۴֡
ôľᣬҲһῴߣҰһ·Ȼ󣬵ǷŽôһֻỹЩִ١
ҰһѾó֮ǰǶûҰһ澹Ȼôôľᡣ
ͺƾͳһ
ôôֵľᱻҰһӣôһֻȥ֮Ȼʲôӣȷʲôû
ôˣְȫһȷǸȷʲôûС
ǬҰһְѾóʵּ˹ҰһӲš
ܰ
Ҫǿ㲻⣬ľǹˡ
Ŷ㻹뿳ءҰһһᵽҲңҪͨ˰˳ɾˡ
ţ֮䷢ʲô𣿡ּ˻ȥҰһ󣬡Ǽһ﹥ˣ
ι㾿ıߵİʵֲʱ鱨˵ǹʱű߻ʬ壬ҪĻҲ϶ǹ
ܵȷϾ͹̫ˡλҲͬĵͷҲôòû޹ء
ʵҰһӣԼԭλãȴһץס˱˾ҪǸҪӱܣⲻӺΪ
ң֮ǰֲûеǸ
𣿡ɿҰһ
Ұһ˵ͷ⿪֮ͶҵǸˡ
Ǹ˻ӺŶɵõҰһĻش֮ɿץŲʵֵ֡
С°Ϳɡ
ǹϵܺ𣿡Ұһ
ʶһڡ
Сһ

Ȼ˶ѡҰһСھҷҰһĵ⡣
ղóϵľͻȻһ£ֽ϶˸
Ȼᱻһ˪ǣҲһסˡ
ͯĥȻûɹ
øղűڤûԼȻڱͯĥıסҪж
ҽȥҰһѾԺ̫£һ鷳ˡ
ҰһԼľӡǳģǰֻߵ˵ʱûг
ԼС˺üĹ
ΪԷһҰһֱ̫´˾ᣬֻչ֮һ˸ߣҲһԺγֵ׼˾ᡣ
дĵطһˣǸаɫĳ߲ͫףϵ·Ȼʧվڻġ
֮λݾΪʲôֲ·
ƺ˺λ˵Ļǳ˵ľ죬ǧСҸ
ʲôǧСأҰһֱðһŲھᣬʧ˵֮УҲҰһӰ
ֻҰһ֪ͳһѵǵĺɺɫȻ֮ϸϸ顣
ǣ
ף
ֿҰһﵹ˱Ҫߵľᣬѱг黹ڼ䶯ͯĥֿװ˽ȥ
Ұһֳˡ
żᣬװͯĥ飬ҳȥһˡ
Ҫʲôǰġ
ûʲôȥҰһ˵ľᣬ޲ҲҪǾ͸һᡣ
ȻǺòҰ
ǣһô죿ڤ˵ԼĹǡ
áҰһӵסס˹ǣˣҾҵǵλȻɵǡ
һٶ󣬾ͻ֪ôһʽִ
ǲͬ˼Ұһ˲ʵ֡
ҵѪ


38 
ҰһôȻԼĵġ
ĻǰɶǱ๺Ʒ, ȻԼԵļӳü۸, Ļдʦٷ֤϶ţơ
ǿ϶óȥ, Ǽ۸һܹüǮ
, ˲ʵ־Ͳһˡ
òʵַ˵Ѫ, īһ𣬾ôɵԺ滭˻, ÿһϵǸ״ͼĳɸָģ붼ûĶ, Ȼɽˮľ
Ϊ˸ʱ, Щ, һҲֻŶ, һʼʵǻܿҰһ, ʵͲסӣȥ, Ҳ˾ְ, ֻʣλһо
õҰһһϡ
ҰһоĹڹϸԼϸĿԱ桢
ҰһʵЩֵģǱȽϸԵϵӣѧЩҲΪѧҽõϲŻѧ
ֻѾλ㹻𾪡
λǹɱеͺ͸ѡ֣ս֮, Ҫ˹ɱӵҽƺо, ƽʱÿ۵ĺʲôƵ, Ͳи
Լṵ́æ, λݵæµ̶ҲҪһ
Ͼܹ˽ӹǵ֮, ǽȫȥӦ˵Ĳ˹ȴΪǲڶȥ
ҲֱӴӹвеͷÿץʵʱܻиָټҪоĻҪͷʼоѧʵûʱͿУֻô
ҰһһݿԼߵı棬λݺ޲ھһͷʵȥʵ顣
ҸоǲʲôҰһҲϾʱҹʵ飬ÿǲһͳɹ֮ǰ͸¤ҩǶʱоɹܲĸױ࣬ȴҲʳȥˡ
Ҳ֪¤ʲôˡ
ǲʲôҩ𣿡
֪ԹܶҩˣҰһ»ʣɹɣžһߡ
ֱߣѾźľᡣ
ֲ鿴һ·ͯĥԴľᣬȷͯĥȷƵĳ壬ŷ
пԶƹٶȣҰһԼôһȥͯĥƨܻãעһ£ûпĲӣǴӼ򴦿ʼá
ʵʶͯĥ
Ȼô
޲Ҵ֪ԼǧСŪĿ϶ġ
Ȼһʲô
ͯĥտĺڰ緢ָĺǹĺ֮⣬оֲˡ
ֲȻþͲ졣
ܸоԼʧθʼУյʶʼۡ
ǧС㣡
µʱͯĥɻܴҰһ
ʵͯĥ޲ңҲ޲жôֵ𾴡
޲ҵĻΪԼСy޲Ҹͻ
Լ԰ͽ֣ȴܰԼȥ֡
϶µġ
ǧС֮϶ȥüֵİɣԼҪȥĻҲ
ѵһôȤ
ͯĥһ¡
ղӿǹʲô
ͯĥһۺգĵһ
ǰ̫ģȴеҲ
֮ѪҺӦÿԿĶλҰһ͸ľᣬͯĥֿһС塣
и޲ҵѪҺҲǾy޲
ǵ֣ȷܻøģ޲ҵϸ
ҶĹ޲ѪҺŨȶ͵Ŀϲ֮ʬ嶼
¼ɡһʰãͳһλЩĺ˿Ƶĺͷ;һģһεĺӣЩż򵥵Ρ
Ҫʲôλ￩һ
ȥҰһ·ϱȻһ£ȥ·
λݴˡ
ҰһѾԱˣŮװҲ֪ˣزصģҲûбҪŮװͺܷ㣬һ˶²ûɱӵЩ˹ôʱŰԼŮװԼ뵽һڼԼ֮ǰáǧС㡯ԼĽá
λݼˡ
ҿ԰æ𣿡
ĺҰһһôܰԼŮˣ̬ŵķ·𹫼ҹŮһ㣬˿¶
Ůб𡣡
ԼǲһԼûʲôԼλʶҲ죬˵Ļ㶼ûһپ䣬ôæ
λݻǸŮҪ˵ģҪǴȥ˵˼Ͼɵ˻λŮӲλݡ
ֽ˳æ
ѽⲻǼǰǸС𡣡ֻǵúλݣ˸к
á
֣һױ
ָϽһʲô𣿡
ȥ
ǲǺǮҿԳ׬Ǯģִʧɫʵڲò
־סǸҵضҰһְѲ˳
ʹűصֱȻһЩθߴ󣬱ҰһҪһͷҪ࣬ϰֻ°ü鲼һ£ȫɫƣָ׼Ӳſ˵ʱܿļ
ܿĲ֣žβ׵ɫβ͡
֣ΪվµԵʣκûóȻһλݣȻǰһסҰһ˶˱СüȦҰһϡ̽һˣ۸ң
ûУ
ղŻ˵ȥ
֪Է˯һöûУ
ҺõģԸһץԣ
Ҳץˣ
ҰһѲԼ֣һ£Ҵ·
ˣ
ҲŽȥȴҰһ棬ֶ˸ˢš
ǰȥ·ʵʵλݰѵصʣʲô
û
ղźִֵ˷·һˣϵıȫʱЩ۵ϷøӸ߲ʡ
Ҫ˵Ļеˮ¡
Ѿ磬ͷȥæһȦĲʵֺڻˡ
ĶʿҲ˳ĸ䣬Ų֪ʲôʱĹ
ڼһ˲䣬ʵ־Ͱγ˵

Ұҽλݰڰ֣ûΣյġ
֣
Ƴһ۰Ͱ͵Ķſڡ
ǸҰһôʱĲûŮװȴָˣôܲ
ҲҪѧױ
ɫβСȵ˦˦ȥȫǼࡣ
ҰһǽȥֻвСʱѾɣܿ͸ȫס
ְѶһգһһ·˲ͷϵӣŴ󹦸ɡ
ԳȥӵĻһ˵ġ˵գƲƲ죬ˡ
ΪʲôǵĹϵôǶ𣿡
ҪʵĻֵʵսʵȲϲ󣬲Ұһһ֣ãȻһ
󵱳ҰһְҵӢۣAFOܣʵ֪
úСƽϣƽڻʱҲͳʱҰһǰһֳǹϵܺõӡ
ҲǵΪ˲һġ
Ĳ˶䡣
ֻè϶˵Լ
Ϊˮְֲϲˮ
Ұһû뵽Ȼԭ
ֻΪԲԹϵŲõ
һأĴ˿ûп֮ǰԺ滭Ұһ
滻·λݱЩ֣ӦǸϲ
˻֪ϲʲôǵֽžͱˡ
վſҰһڵ׺Ƶ䣬һͷɫĳڷһȦ飬ƺױ촽챥Ŀת֮ԣüͷһƳϧ
һˣȴ㶵ɺͲʵҪֱӶˣӵվ˵ҰһϣһĲС
͸ߴֱӰҰһ˸ʵʵ¶˸·ǡ
ҰһĲĺ󱳣վɲǹƤҩƵקҲһˡ
Уܸ˿
λûһ㱧𣿡ǰѲҰһקȥȴֲ̫קʹһ鷳ɡ
λŴ졣
ɴûأҲûиˡ
ڡ
ŤͷɨһۣȷˣӸղſʼһһһĽţҶûܽذҲа
Ұһ


39 
, ûоáֻĿȸСںͺλֹ, ʵҲ̫Ϊʲô̬
ΪʲôҰһȥҪ·ԼŮģ
ֲǹʲô
ȥʲô, ǲʶû
һʺ, Ѱ, ȴҲʵҲɽɶҲ
ռ, ɶҰһάʱ;Щ֡
˶, ʶʱ, άȻ˽硣
ֺ˼ҵֻʽ衭ԴǱ¿˰ɡ
ýѾ붼֪϶˼ҡ
û, С, Ϊ͹ûʲô, ҲԼû֣ûٶ۵Ĳʵֶɴ۾
˺, Ҫ, һҪأ·϶ԭ򡣡ҰһץŲϽʣļק
ʱͺڵʱ˳˼鲼·ֶץ, һǹƤ
ﰵˬ, ȴȫɺֻèͷӥܡ
Ӹղžͺˣ
Ϊʲô˶һҰ, ֻ˽һ
Լûгʱ, Ȼһֳ谮ģ
ϾһŮԵݰ, ಻ã
ôˣǿҵˡ
óҰһʵûޣɿֲҪٲȥҾȥŶ
ҰһвϽˣҰһһ±Ūҵ½žߣȥˣǲõҡ
һ𣡡Ҳ׷ȥһ˺Σգ
Σ⻰˶˸ۡ
ûܴҰһҵҲҰһֻùĹ
ˣǲǻб𣿷İɣҲһȥġҰһ˻֣ߵһͣг𣿡
ߵġȵ˹ƶҹˡ
ҹҲǲУϾĻʱ䶼ڰҹ㡣
ڵһѻ鸾ŮһŮ˶һҹĶۻ
ױչս֡
Сˣϲ潴ɽĳ
ҰһԼòǳģԼ̵ֽЩŮԵ˵ˡ
еģҼǵлῪġλݾ֣ĲҪǱ𣿡
ĲҰһǱҰһòˡ
֮ǰλݼҰһʱҹ߲ãټҰһϵ·Ϊսң½ǺӶɱһмλΪ˱ûϸȴɶҰһ˺ӡ
ڹ߳㣬ǾĴʢʱ̣λҲò࿼һ¡
ôͲǸأ
ҪԼˣҰŮһ׷ġ
ԼŮҰԣҲûʲôõġ
Ұһһȴᱻɤת˲Ů
ҾˣҰһԼĻʩʩȻ뿪⿪ĳҰһ۾ֱˣ˿
Ǹ鷳һ³еżҰһ˵ֻûĹͷˣеĲţľսٶȿ˳ȥ
û°ɡ
Ұһȥ֮һֱһվŲ˵ĲҲԭʧӦǱҰһ˻ȥֻʣ¼Ժ
ҪʲôʵֺǴ۵СۣǾô
ø͸СһŤͷߣһͿӰˣɻʲôûԼװæλҲȥѲߣڤ湤֪ղԺ﷢ʲô
ֻ²ʵһɵۡ
컹ûڣ϶û취̫ڵʱģҲ֪Լܸʲô鶼Ѿڻ֮ǰˡ
þ񣬺ú׼ϵĶս
սҲһС
нγִߣҰһ֮ܿǰ˶ֵ
ϾҪˣλҪҹ·ˣڳסһɡ
ҿŵ˵ҹйûġ
ɱӵûս츳ֻںڰʿǵˡǺͽʿǶͬҵľȴΪû츳û취Լĳˣֻܹںڷæ
ȻսܾûôɫˣȴͨҪǿһЩɱʿ˵ѷɫ˲١
ô˵ҲǵҰһ
ֻƷ̫ۣҰһڵǱż۸ɷŹ˿ѵŮˣô˱أ
ѾϷҰһһ̬ѳ֮ǰõ·ͷһ£ͼԼ
ǣĽͷǾܿһͲ󣬴ȴǳŮڽֱʲô
ֻλûϢˣƣۿģǿ޹ǰżǣ滭Ż棬̫ǱĻ磬ǴӸڵƹġ
ֻв˹ȥʵʱ򣬶λ˸ˡ
˵ֻԵˡ
˻ȥĽֵϾгʻȥԷŮӸϽ˾ˣ˾ƣȴĺˣص˸ղŷͣĵط
ûʲôֵĵط
ŮȹڣӺ·ߵ˶ǸŮǰ
ǧС㡭û뵽㡭ŮƯʯƵ۾ʪ⡣
ҰһϤĳƺʶ̧ͷȴû뵽ģΪҲǸŮˡ
Լͯĥ̵ֽʱҲŮ˰οԼ˵ҪǸĪеϹ
⣬Ұһˣûа취ҵǸұԼϹ
ô
ϹأҰһļûסôӦֱӰؼҵġ
һûмס˽ʲôֻǵʱ˵Щ۸Ļȥ˵
֮ҲûмҰһȥʱ̶ֽˣҵ˲ʬ廹ûд˹ǣʱΪǧСˡ
ʲô֪ɵȻҸǸ֪ʵ֪ϲֻҲ֪
ԣڿЩʬǵʱΪǧСѾԵˡ
ԼȻʳ˹˾꣬û
ǳǧС⣬ѵôϲĺӡ
ΪʲôôõŮӻЩʹأ
ΪʲôŮ˻ҹҰһһͷˮȴǷɿķӦ˹˳Ϸ
Ǹ
סŮʡ
ڼҡ
ҰһǵԼ裬ԼȥĹҲμģʱõԼ
˵ϳһʼͲԤϵС
һ˵аŮװı̬Ͳˡ
㲻ҪǸˣȥҼϢ˵˹ȥŪŮڲϱ˸ƣ˼ȻҪҰһϵϹ
ˡҰһ֪һϹԤ֮Ρʵ⧲
ôѡŮҪޣҰһϽҡͷĺˣҲܹȥ
ҪǮϸ㣡ŮҰһǰЩϣȫҪˡ
ְͳһԪ󳮵ݸҰһЩ˰ɡ
ҰһæƾܣҲҪǮ
ʲôЦЩвʵֵѪģȥָйѭζȥ
ֻǸͨˣɲΪЩܵ
ܹȥֽѰѵŮ˶ʵй̫ʹŻϣֻǲ֪ж޹ŮΪʧȥԼ
˲˵ע⣬·ĸ¼״ֻԥһ¾˹ȥм䣬ΪʲôҪ۸


40 
µǸ⡣
ɱȽϽʱ, ߵĸ¾ԾѲ߷Χ, ѿճ
ҪǳԷ, Ҳ
»ûȸ̾ķ, ڽϿŮִ, ̾ȻȥŮȰܡ
Ĳá
Ůӵִܡ
ŮӡŮӲɰΪʲôܣ
ΪĻ·ƽεĺ, ¾ȥæֹⳡŮ֮ս
һ߰۲ҲϢ, ó档
ǰ˵ˮΪ˸߰Į, ȫû뵽Ȼֲ·ߵ¡
һͲ˵ʲôλ
￴ˣ
ڳ漱, ȴֲܳ, ԼȥǧСķӡ
ʲôˣŮ˺һ, Ļüղŵӣ£
ҰһϵƷ֪ǹɱӵ, ǲ֪ʲôȼġ
ͨԱƷһ, ֵֻϿŶɱĸ֣ε濴
⸽ĹɱӶʿ϶ɵ˹ȥܲǸճé®˰ɡ
ˣ·ƽĳƺҲ⡣
, ҰһѾһ, ׼ط̯
ⳡ־ȻʺϷ뻻ط
ǺܸԼʶŮûвⶾ, Ⲣʱ򿴵ǡ
ǧ, һ, Ұ߽˾ȥ
ŮҰһߣȻԼıǰץȻǲЩ˰Լסģ֮ûغԼֵ
Ůһ۾Ϳ˱СסֵȻֱ˾˾
˻֣һʱỹ治ץǱͲһˣɲǸ裬˿϶Ӳˡ
ڽõģֻɱӱȽ⣬һ㶼һֻ۱һֻۣʱҲС
ͨ¡
ƽԹɱ޶ãи˴кˣǾͲװľָϽж
ҷ˹˵˴ľʹžȥˣһãȻͷȴҶͶֵĸ¸ץ˾֡
ز
ˮץȥ
ɱӵĶʿץȥʵͦձģϾɱӵ˲˶ǵԼƽҰ⻹ãҪ棬˴浶ǹʵѲߡЩ˾ֱӱ죬þץȥ
ȻͻḺץȥĶʿǲƨ.ɣٰ˸̳ȥ
ˣᳵ·ϾеĹڻĽҰ⣬Ϊս𻵵Ľ˵ˣɱҲ⳥һ֡
ɱܹӪô껹ûƲ˲ݷҵÿһμϾ֤֮ɱӵʽӦûùɱʽ𾽾
ˣûʲôʿΪֱ˳ܱץȥġ
ǸϽȥˣȴû֮ǰôˣ˵ʩѹѹŲ˳ȥ
£
ǳضԾֻͣǿڳԲŹȥġ
ʲôܰٲֱӣֻǷǵĸ齻ѡ
֪յ˵ıʱжô֡
ڿ۵µĺˣЩ˹Żôܶ˵ųȥ
λˡ
ȻѣԣǸǧ񡣡
;ǸŮ˺죬˵ղŻûоã侲һͻȻֺȷôϤ
ȻǧС㱻۸ĻǾûа취ˣ
վҪȥڶҪҹˣŮһǳΣա
ȥϽˣ㲻ܳȥҪǳȥ˾Ͱؽ
ҪǾ˵Ҫ汻ӽǻ治ðŪ
±棬漱ת
ǸҿɲǲݷҿԿģҴҵ󣬱ıˣⶫܺǶŸɣҲ֪ǧСôôķʶġ
ҪǰңȥϺߡ
۳ҹλԳΪķȴɲ٣ҪҰһȥ
֪Ϊʲôǧ쳣ִţԼҪȥľƻҲˣҪҰһؼңҰһôܸȥ˾ôš
ȴʱȥҰһ·ߣȻ鵽ҡ
ȻΪʱȽϽȣ鵽ıȽ٣㻹ǺԼֵ˵ģ鵽٣Ļǿȷĵá
ã
ˣ
ôǧС㱣Ϲʲôˣ
Ȼ㲻ԸߣͰѻҡֱӰѻҲǿߣһ㱨𣡡
Ұһ
㱧ŻŸ߸Ьһ·Сܻص˳Ͻ˾ߣûлؼң˾ȥլ
˳˵֡
Ұһ治Ҿô׷ȥﻹһԪ󳮣ЩǮʡŵ㻨㹻ͨǵĻϺüꡣ
ɲһСĿ
ڿҰһûб֮һֱҰһ˴
ҰһĹǵС졣
ǲҰһĲƣҰһɫ
Լ꣬׬һʡ
ЩЦаȫûаҰһᷴԷ
ֻһŮ
ǰȥҪŮ˴ߣû뵽Լչȥмźɫװıδһץסļ򣬡ʲô
Сսս
Ƿıڣڷ˻֮ǰǻһֱġΪ׵Ǹ˵Ȼ֪ҰһôһǮ죬˱ڱ
Ұһȫ֪㲻Ѱ·ֱɱȥլ
ҹ֮󣬾Ѿȫ䱸
ʱȫˣȴڽϣҲûмҿš
˰·ߣʻӡ
ѾյϣͻȻһʶĽγ滹źö׳ԵĳΧĹɱӶʿϽ㱨֪ͨǡ
ֱֻլ
ʿ˵ŵȻǸŮˣǴŵȴȹǽ뿪ǸƯŮˡ
ҰһŮװ飬ֻǺһ֪˸Ͳֻ֪֪иرƯŮ˴ҳȥ
ҵģȻҵֻèͷӥԼλݣԴȴҲϣy޲ҲҪ
ǧ㣬û뵽ľȻǹһŮˡ
𣿡
ſͣ£ӺĳϣһźɫװˣҵšǧһʶȥԼ磬ҲԴǧɵ˵ͷ
ʲô𣿡ǧɰŴһһ죬棬վ˸ߴ׳ʵ͸¶ŲǵϢ
ǧһ
𣿡ǧɵĻشΪ׵ĺŴ򿪡
һλŻȹŮ˳ڰΧһȦһȻΪġ
ڡڵġ
㿴һǧɣΪǧġ
ΪʱȽżֻȥһҰһǴģˣֻдʺϵͣGɵӸոȥӦòô̬СӲʮ꣬͡
Ψһѡˡ
ǧ񣿡
ǧˣӡûʲôǧֻ֪ǸĴλݣҲǽʲôǧ
ǲҴˣ
ǣǼҲʶʲôǧѽǧ˵ǲҴˡ
ǧӦҵϱɣԼɩӶ֪𣿡ԵЩŭǧľ̫ˣôԸ˵
ǧɵԴƮ˼ɫʺţ
ɩӣ

ɣʲô𣡡ɵ˺һᣬֻǧվſ˵ȴ˽нΪʲô£Ͻܵܳųӡ
ɣֵ˺͵Ұһһĸ̾
ҵ˻£ֵһģһ
ôˣӻûлѵ𣿡ʵҪڽϿǧһҶ֪ô
ϾͷӦ˹
ǧ˵ɷ𣿡Ȼ˼ˣ˲٣̫ˣû뵽Ȼô˵ң
ǧɾ㤵Ťͷ
磡ɩ˭
㿴ǧûеλǧɸͲҰһҵϱ
ˣӱóһֽЭ쵽ǰǧ㣬Ҿ˵ˣ飡ôõŮΪʲôҪ˷ഺ


41 
ǧһԴʺš
ʲôкɩӣ
˭
ܰͰְһ, еӺ, С, ҲһǸ︺ġ
Ҫǡ
Լû, 飿
ǰһ, ǰʷǳͣԻ, ŮһݣҪ, ᱻƲ, ˶׵۹֡
һŮĲòŻᱻݰɡ
˶ôġ
ڲһ, һƽ, ټҲͨ, ûа֮ص㰮Ļ档
һĴζûʲô⡣
ĻӰ죬ձŮ˵ʿʼ
Ͼ˭ΪԼȡҸɵȨ
Ƕ, ܵĻĵ, طŮҲŵģȻҲűڳ嵽
˵ǧˮ֮õķʽˣ
䲻ôõǧ
鰡ɽӹЭ鿴ۣҰһǩֵĵطûǩ֡
ǧΪʲôûлʵ, ʱӦѾ, Щ
ſڵĶGҲӷ
ͬ, GɾǷ, Ҳ˵, ѵõĻ˱ڹĹɱӶӷֵʱ꣬һվսϡ
ϧûնɱͱԼӵķʷס˽Ų
ɣô£
ĶG˵ʮ㣬һԺӶһǧɵ磬Щţ磬ǸǧС㾿˭˶Բ𣿡
ʵǧʵģǴĽ
ʲôʱ°
Ϊʲô
ϲ˼ŮӾͰ˼Ҵ鰡һ㶼Լһɩӣλ˵˼ԼŮӣȻԼɩɩҪ顣
ǧɿˡ
סǧɽе
ô£һֻèͷӥߵǰһڵƶ̾Ϊֹ
ҹǰЭģһҶڣǩ֣ҾͰǧˡ˵ڲӦþͲø˰ɡ
ɣ𣿡Gɵ𾪲ǧɣ֣
Gɲš
ûоԼĴӾȻ¡
ʼŮ˸ɵ𣿣
˵ʲôȻҺܸǧ˵ɷ򣬵ҲŶɽ͵Ҹղ͵ģûҽ͵Ļᡣ
סˡ
Ϲ˭
֪أɴӦ͵͵˲Żǧɡ
ôܲǵǧ˭
ǲӼȥҰһ
λƺҰһǾʶһ̵ֻֽʱŴŮװ
ǾԶ׼ӦǱͯĥջ˵ѵĽͽ
Ĳ֪Ұһ̵ֽʱ򵽵׸ʲôˣҲ֪ôʶģ֪Ұһô£ԼôͳʼӵС
΢е㱻ˡ
Ǹ˵ġ
ţֻһѡ
ǣGɰˣϲĻʹؼ
֪Լµġ
һŬģ
ȥǧϹԼıǷԸһǧǴǵԺģǧʲôϵأ
Ŀǰ׷ߵĹϵ
ɣһȻȥ׷з֮
֪Լ˵ˬ  ҵ˵Ǹʱһ뿪
ǸλˣǧСأӦȥ˰ɣֻһ˹ˡ
Ļˣİɣ˱ڣͻȥȥϳ֮ǰôʣش꣬ţ׼ȥһߡ
ɵı齩Ӳһ˲
Щ֮ѪϲʵֵѪҺڹͬСɡ
λбڣԹʱЩͨûõģٶĽ
ɶϵѻ˵ͷųɫӵѻ¸½Ĳʵ֡
λˡ
֮ǰ˼һ˵ҰһػؾԲһСʱֻôʱ䣬Ӧòʲôġ
ʱûйǣȥʱȴʱһƽ
ҰһЩ߷ţһѵһߡ
㵱ʱֱӾ˹ȴû濴ûʲô£Դ򿪿һۡ
ȷǿԳƵϴҵƷ
ЩȫҰǧ
ԭǧϹҰ
ϣӦûҺܶࡣ
ûʹǧͣǿǧӦòҲͶʮҡ
ԶʮֻܹǱ֪
˲Żǧ񣬾ȻΪϹ䵽㲵ӡ
̫ˣ
һҪУ
ҰһĽ࣬ǴμʱżҲڽԺ﷢Ұһ
Ư˲٣ЩСǶ˲٣ֻǧŻô⡣
㲻رõѣô嶯Ĺȥ
ס
Լɷʵֻ˵ĹϵǿԵģֻʮԼɷ飬ʮ˶ûºӣɷΪ˼̳ˡ
ܹȴ޷ܡ
ԲŻᱻֽ̣ȫû뵽ֽ̾ȻǹĽɡ
ǸǧСǳȤεĽ£ܹͯĥֵ»ôãǧԲֳô
ȵ˿Ķ
ȻȥͰЩɡ
ڳһЩÿһŶ򿪿һ£ȻǧԸĻȥѧ죬Ȼع֮˵
ôõǧ񱾾ͲӦʹĻŵġ
㲢ûвɵļһֱڱǵѻһ·ϱǵ˴ͨĶʿһһĽӣֱص桢
㲻֪ǣĻĹȫǵĹɱӶʿ
ȻҪΪЩٶô졭Ҳ׷ĸӵ
Ȼͱƨɺ泭ϵ׵ĹɱӸһˡ
ЩֻͨĹΪóԵĶʧȥǣһЩʵȽϸߣΪ޵ζ
ֻǴ򿪿˺̵ܶһʱ䣬ǹѪҺζ˵ļ˷ζֱͷƵ˶ɵĹǡ
Ҳйʲô
Ұһıڴ˲һӵķҰһԡ
ƺΪܾûгԹҰһͷߣȴҲûоܾĺ⡣
ܹôĹͺҸԲǰҰһıΧһţѿֿҰһġ
ҪƽʱǻΪҰһЩ˵ϴǱˣҰһǱбôܻŪأ
Ըձò״Ӿ̳ĸֹ塣
֮ǰǸŮ˹Ȼв
վҰһߡ
ڸʲô
ɨǰļڣͬһڳҰһ֮ϡ
ˢˢĴͳǹ׼˸¡
ҲʾγԼֵ


42 
շѾѰҪϢˡ
һͲǰôֹȥˣһǸղǸŮˡ
Щ֪ʲô, Ȼλ˵ȷǺÿɡǲԸͷ
ڸղžٱˮλ˲, 黹΢һ㡣
Ǹ, Դ, ӦǸᡣ
ûдƷ, ղŸ;ֽˣϽǰԲ, ʲôǺúý;ͺѽ
λֻҵġҰһҲڽ, Ҫ˺ҡ
Ŷһ, ѵص, ȻôЪ, Ҿˡ
תҪ, ͻȻ
£
Ұһ
ǸλӦûг, ҪҪһòأôණҶԲꡣ
̱һ˷Ѳá
Ұһ
ô°
ղŸ°˵, Ұһϵġɱ
ĸ֣ȷݡ
ǡλҪһԵ𣿡
¸ķӦ
һҲð亹һ˹
ǸԴˡǱߡżȻ¹ˣǸɴȥǱ߰æʲô, Ҫ˷ʱ, û뵽꣬Ҫ
Ұһ, ûס˹ȥ
λǹɱӵİɡҰһû, λ, 鷳ǻرһ£Ҫ˵
ڶһۣӦ˿֮⡣
ô֪¶ס
ʵŴ
⻰ºһҰһ
ûǵ˵һŮˡ
𣿹ϲ
ɳΪʱҪ˵ĽʵҲ࣬ɵԸ񱾾ͿȻ죬ͲȻĸҲ˵ϼ仰ԳƲ¶ûн»֪ġ
ϴμʱɻûн飬Źȥ˶೤ʱ䣬ɾһƯӡ
ʲôʱл񣿡
Ҳסˡ
¾ô£Ϊʲôλ˵ķˣ˸ûȢޡ
ԡ
ʵҲпܵġ
ƽǳæµһ㲻̸˵飬ϾЩƽǹĵѪӣһʲôʱͻȻʵǿ󣬵ԵĵҲЩͨԱӦԲ˵ĵˣΣնȱͨԱҪߣҲߣԺٻйɱӵĳԱڹɱ֮Ҷ
ϾµǸδҲ̫ˡ
һ滹и׺͵ܵܣҲչˡ
Ǻﲻ̫Եӡ
ԲԲԡ
ϽԼ´ƫԶλˣ
Ϊ˹y޲ҡ
Ұһóһûмӹľᣬǰ˻Σͯĥʬ塣
ȷ˵ǱƬ˵ͯĥ
ЩûмӹȥҲ㹻ѹģû뵽˸ˡ
ˮ˸ˡ
²һ䡣
ˮ˹°УദʵҲĲദ
ǻ᲻ᵢġ
ᡣҰһԶһ˸ɫıʣûҪȥˡ
¶Ұһֱ
ɫѾ͸ЩӦÿᵽζȻѭζ
ǰǲҪͨôôΣյĵط
Ұһ߰ɡ
µ޷뿪ҰһӣΪʲôӲȴװôණ
ȥ
Ҹĵط
𣿡ȻԹԵĸųˣǸ»Ƿֱʣⲻ̫á
ţҰһһʱû׹֪Ϊʲô»˵ֻ
˼룬ȻȻ
˵˲Ƿޡ
ԼǸˣô붼ܺһġ
Ҫǣʱ֮İ̶ȷǳͣҲʱѡ
Ҫδ磬ԿԽĻǻῼǡ
Ŷһ
֪ҰһǸҰһһˣȫûаһ룬˵ҰһڿȫȫһŮˡ
Ұһķϵ˺ߡ
ϽˣòҪ뿪ǵıΧȻȷ˻
ǡ
ȥɷ򣬻𣿡¿ڵӡǾԳֵģЩ˾ԻҰһ
ȫû뵽ԼȫǴ˱ǵı㡣
뿪ʱⶣкλɷصһɲ׼ŹҪ
ЩǷǳףΪʲôôƯŮӻ˻ŹŰأ
οղ˵Ľ̸ҲһЩʵǲʶģɾ͸ˣһǼǼɫ⣬뿪ְô
ȻҪԭΪ˸ǵƤӵλ˾ôߵĻǿ϶ҪԲ˶ߵģ˶ǺõģпǱͷȻ󱻴ˣԺҲôõĹˡ
͸ǰѷ˴ˡ˸ıֱӺǰҰһʵʵĵں棬˸µߡ
²СҲ179ĸӣѡĸߴǰԵЩС
ǸĺҡɷûйϵҰһѵıȻţڷǳûԼΪʲô裬Ϊ˲ӣֻӲͷƤȥ
ҵȷʶǿú¡
ʵ˵⻰û˼ǾüȻɵţԼΪͬţ˾һҪúõͻؼҡ
һҪȫȫβģȻ̫ýǹy޲Ҳ֪ʲôʱΣʱ䡣
Ұһεķ
˵ԴôģΪʲôľںĽԼɵŶҲҪΪ˹y޲ҡ
Ŷy޲ûͣѾʾˡ
ҰһԱŲһûϵģñңԼԻؼҡ
ڱڿһΪǲôѰǿԼؼҡ
һȥˣ׬ǮҪϽпܱŹ򡭡
ðɣҲϣǵȴǲġ
Ҳ޷Ϊʲô˻֡
ûϵģǱǲ˵ġظ֤Ȼмλ˰Ѹ¸Χ
£Ҫʲô
˵ǧСǱһŵģ֮ǰ˭׼ߡ
Ŷһ
УΪͬţҪӡ棬Ȼûа취͡
Ұһޡ
ΪʲôôᰡԼΪʲôҪҪǲĻͲˣҪǲԼҲ¡
Ҳᵽز
ۣؼңְŷˡ
Ǻ͸֮սһ
ǲֵͨģֻʶķӵĶڶеıͷͬһˣ֪˲ôý
ôˣٵƿţһ۾ͿԼΧǧߣȻǶһɴŲƷˡ
ˣղŻԸıˢˢĶϹ˵ͷǰִҰһ֣Ҹղȥˡ
Ұһ

סһŮӣסȫ˵˼Ӱʵǲã㻹ȥҼҸһסɡ
ǡҰһЩΪѣұҪȥ
ûϵڣֻҪλҶΪ
Ұһֻҡͷ
Ҫ֪һĪеϹʶҲ࣬ҹϵ㲻ܡ
ĸҲ裬ôҪ˵һĺпܸǴ鷳
˭ЩˣΪʲôάأ
ǧжΪһ֣ͼģǹҲܸɵ
֣Ұһ䲻̧ͷ͸¶ߡ
̾һһĽɫ¶ˮİˣȦΪڱ˶졣
ʵпԵġ
æΧıΧһȦ״Ʋ⣬ʵֱ׼ԡ
Ұһӵס°³һ֡
ʵҵɷһֻ
µַ˵ϣҪΣӲۼֿ
侲Դˣ
̶ȣкܶ౻඼֪һ㣬֪ҰһΪβƾͼأ
֡y޲ҡ
һҿĻϵ֣Ұ
Ұһ
ѵĻش𣬡Ϊԭϡ
ĳ̶ֳ˵ȷġ
˲֣ǹyǧˣ
ҰһŲӣû


43 
y޲ңּС, úõĵһ, Ȼֻɵ
ǵúийɱӵ֯רɱ, Ȼרɱ֯, Ǿһнɱķ
ұ漰.һ, յһܿģ˿Ϊ
֮ǰֽŵǸᡣ
ô, ܸô
Ǿͻǹ, ǹ, Ǿͻ, 񵯸ɲ, Ǿϻڡ
ʵڲ, ϹһʦıֱӰըҷʣ
򵥵
Ͳ¹, ǰֻǵɲ, ھͲһˣڶԹԼڲ㱻ƭ֮Թֶ˵Ǻ֮ǣ޲ðѹҡ
ͯĥҲ¡
˵ԭֻҰһĻ, и˵ԼϹˡ
, ʾˡ
ͯĥԼΣйأǾԲϢ, նݳ뷨, ֻùy޲ùʧ
, һȥ͵ӡˡ
һܼ򵥵£˶Ļܻйǣ٣
Ұһ𾪵ᶼ˲
û뵽㾹ȻôıΪǸʲôˣʲôС֮ģȫû뵽ҾȻô
ǿ
Ƕ룬λôӦӦи۰ɷ̵ֽе졣
֮ǰҲ˼Ϊʲô.׼ĵȫûзӳֻĹɱһֱڱæµ
Ҫ˵.ں֧֣ʽʲôҲ⣬ϾŵҲ˵ùȥɹɱھǿݷҫһڳţЩɱӾȹ̼Ҳṩʽ𣬵Ҫ֧ô˵Ŀ֧ɱӻЩ׽ġ
ܰ㹻.ǹɱԺķչںõöࡣ
һһ֡Ұһԥһ»óһ롣
ʲô֣
ģµʵ⣬⵱еһΪߵߣֻҪͷߵĻͿԽɱǿʵҲǿԵġ
Ұһ˵Լ뷨
ǰҪֻ֪ʶǷȱԼȻãĲ̫óȥû취͡
ڿѧһо˵Լģҹô࣬ԼֻһˣǰѹɱӵÿһλʿߵƣԶȹɱӶʿöĹ˵Ǳˮн𲻵ʲôԵá
һ潲ҰһȻԽЩߵƷָգֶ֪Ļһ׷ٵףʱԼԻһƨ鷳
ҪǲµģҪɾͺԭԸԯˡ
Ļȫͬ
ıǾôۺıֻ֧һͨо濴ҵǲ̫׷һֻ۱һֻۣĬǵо
룬Ұһ᰸ΪںƲõķչ
ҰһᱻȻ£𲻸ǵ˵ע⡣
ҰһЩˣǺԣԼóĶʱʱĶ̰֮ġ
ǳ鷳
ôһûᣬôܲĶأ
ֻùy޲ҶѣǾԲΪ˶öԲy޲ҵġ
ͬҷֲܡ
Ͼ࣬Ϲy޲Ҳпⷢ
ܹɱĽڿ䵽̫ɽϾУֻҪЩʯӵͿԷֹЩʯÿ̫ܵ䣬ߣЩʯΪʲôԽɱԭ򡣡
Ҳ˵ͨʯҲɱ
Ұһͷ
ǡ˼ô֪ôණأӦֻһͨˣ֪Լɷʵݵ㣬ȻԻûԵ
ǹɱӵġһʼ֮ܿͷӦ˹ܿڸҰһΧ
Ȼ˿ĽΧԼǳʵ
ɱӣ㣿㲻̫š
ǰĹɱӺ͸ϵʽȻͬҪĵǲ񸻸һᡣ
תһ룬ǧȷпܺ͹ɱйϵ
ϾǹɱӵˣͲ֪ôͨ˲֪鱨
ôܷأ
㷢ͷǳĺĽһС
Ϊʲôȥͯĥֽأ
ΪҶ˵Ľɿʹ࣬ҲŻȥֽ̡Ұһ۾ֻû뵽ǸͯĥȻǹy¡
ֱڲԼ˵ʱǰ缦˸ղ˵һ仰Ҳû˵ġ
ʵҲǺԼΪʲôôϹ˵
y޲ҵš
һʼȷ𾪵ģ²ûӣһǼٻĻûš
ԼͬҲһԭ
ɵƷĿãܹǾ˵ǿŵģԸ²ûнҴҰһĻԣ˵ȥ
ʲôҲ˵
̹´û뵽Ȼôɡ
ɱʵǹٷϵ֯ǾϲҲ֪ڹɱӵ顣
ɱӵĳԱһֱһңں˼֮⣬оѹ
ǿĽʿۼһ𣬻һɲСЩʿʵһа٣Բǿӵװ
ɱķʽҲͣʹʱ
ʱ˻ʹֻֻСھ.ǹĻǲܶǿĹ˺ģҲֻСĹŻᱻǹеˣһԸ߽׼ʮ̶ֳȵĹó
ƣݷȴҲ㣬Щ˲죬ܵС
ɰʯӵҲǹĵĽǸóӵҪеƷǺ
鷳ǵȻԸ
ڲһҵŮƺⷽԴӵˮߣԣȫ൱ӵڵ
һӵûõĻôɰǧӵأ
ֻǸ£һֱڸ˵Ľ̸Ҳ
ܹ˵ĻԺɱӶԹƹƻҲڱ
޲ھѻŹȥ˹λŮʿǢ̸
ܿ侲
ʣλŮʿͬ֯ĺ뻢ıƤ
侲̬չ
λǧȻϵǿ󣬸ϵǿ
漰µʱǷǳģϸ˼һ֮󵱼ҰһؼȥԼɷ
˵ЩͦߵģʵʩʧΪһ÷
ҰһȴǳΪѡҽһҪȥģȻݾߡ
ûΣգͷͬˡ
ȻĻϵʽɣһϵġ
ֱȥٻݵĵط˵ҪݷĵͿԡҰһҡͷ֪ͨҡ
ԵͷǺðɣɫ磬ҲҪȥˡ
ȥ·ϿҰһôһһ˷˽һСʱʱ䣬ȥ϶Ѿˣֻҵĵλκ˵Ĳ
һ˳ţ㱾ʹôˣһ£ִҰһ֣ǸϹһģy޲ҼסˣţΣˣóһǹСɵĿԲǣķӵȻʺŮӺʹɱõǹ
㴧ԼõĶ֮ǰˣֻҰһ͸Լûʲôڸе
ˣ
ҰһһֽۣԼձɢ鷢󣬰һͷӶ鷢Уһװȫ˿
Ұһ
ֻЩĸֻǵ˵ͷûıʾȴ˲β͵èƵ
˵Ұһе𣿣
ҰһѾ޶ˣҾеİ˵⻰ʱԣŽȴԵʵ˴ʧɫ
ǡԼ۾
ΪǰˣôŮ԰
ˡ´ĻҪֱ˵İá
ҰһͷϱĿҲû˵ˡ
´βҪ˵ˣ˻᲻ˡ¶


44 
ҰһԼбð
ڱҪȷǻᴩŮӵ·, Ⲣİã
ΪԼĽڲ, ȴᰮŮװ
ڵ, Ůװֻκ, ԼԺٲŮԵݳˡ
ɲҵİãҰһİѾóµĻ, úˣͯĥ, ҪǰĹȫ㸺𡣡
¿ۻﱻľᣬ˻
Ǿȥ, ̫, ײˡ
֮ǰ, ѾỹҰһ
ҪΪҰһ˵Ϳ, ŵĻ
ھȥоͱ¶Լĵ֮, ѡ˱Լĵơ
Ұһļƻԭļƻ޼ա
ֻʱ, ԺٰԼ
ҰһҪظ, ಽĸƨɺ棬˺þõϽ׷ϣȣҪȥǡ
֪𣿡
֪֪ģ
⸽֪ɱӵľݵ, Ҳһ, λԸЩСӳ֪Ѹ̳, ڱҲǸС, ڸ˵˾˵һĸԸ
ǻȥʱ·߿ôһŹɱӶӷĶʿ, ϻûɵѪۣȻѾˡ
Щģͣ˳ѯ
ѯʵĶʿڼҰһʱ˾񣬡ղһλŮʿǧ˵Ļˣȥʱ˲ٹǸոɨϡ
˵ʲôѾй𣿡ҰһΪʲôôʱ䶼ûйԭǶˡ
ֲ¡
ҲŻƺȻȥ˳ЩʿһѲߣɨʣµĻûнĹ
µĵĲûдŵľ˼ֻǻʱҲɽĹ˳
Ϊͷ֮һû¼һ㲻ӵĳȥ˰۲š

ɱҼֱһβôͯĥԼʵҲðűնɱķơ
ɲôûӵˡ
ԼȥϢ޲Ҵˣ޲ҴԼ취
űѪζȥĹһסԼĵʳЩź뿪Ǹ
ԼղŴŵƬطȫһ飬ѪһЩʿǷԼٹ̽飬ֻҪȵԼĵطͻС
ԼԲͯĥ⣬ǾͳԵҲԡ
ԼջܷḻûץˣҲõĻᱻy޲𷣡
򲻹µʿǺô򷢵ġ
뿪ʱ˵㶯ΪɱӵĶʿϹȻǸɱӶʿ죬̽顣
Ѫ֮ǸԱȻôεѪС
ӣʬͱĴߡ
Ķʿ˲ˣϽˣҵΰ˴ʱµĺۼ
ʮ¹ˡ
ȼȽϵ͵ĶʿӶУֲԹ鿴ĸ¶һ˲ʧ档
ľͨʿõö࣬εѪǿľֱøոսһܵɡ
ڵʵǰһһֻΪǰ˿ˣ˳ȥƱĶʿãе㲻̫
һ£ֱӷεѪŻһѪֻܶץĹɱӶʿûзæȥ
ûб壬ȴеĶʿǻл㱵֮ȻԼͬʹ޳
ҡղſˡ
εѪ˳ԼõĻ뵱УΪɱӶԱЩʿǣҴģ󲿷ΪԼҪ֮˱ɱԹ֮ǣΪ˸Ҫ֮˱𣬲Żɱӡ
һõļˣûҲûг֣һҸһõĻ棬ʧʹҲġ
վһߣӵϸղɣնϵûκ쳣
ȥֻ̽ʮûߣַŲͨʿֻվһߵЩĶʿǺ
ڶʿǺ̬ܿڷǶõ޷ʵ֮󣬾ֻܽܡ
Ǹˮˣǲ̫ˣжʿ˼ĵǸ
ǵȷĸ£š
ʿǸɥˡ
ǻȥ˵ȥһֻʮ¡
ʵҲ֪ôʱ䣬ֻ϶ѾܵûӰˣǲģҪǸץߵĶʿ
һ
ôʱ㹻֮ززֻҵʿʬ塣
ѻʿϢ˻ȥ½ʬʰһ£Ȼȥ
ҰһŻţſڵĶGɿҰһĴһк
Ұһһ£ءˡ
ء
ҰһöGڵı΢һЦȴѹסЦٶŤˣĪ
õġ
䣬ɾʹˣҰһ۾һϽ˹ҰһһȦȷҰһûˣŷ
㴩ܺÿ˵λķ˹˵Ҫء
Ұһô
ҲŲء
ƺ֪ʲôתػأҰһͨ죬̧ͷ벻Ҫ˵
Ϊʲôأ״ʵ
Ұһ֪ԼϹҲ֪ôشĺãʱ򸻸»ˣ߽ţÿ˴Σԥһ£תҪߡ
ҰһǼ˾ǣʲô𣿡
ˣʮ¡Լ࣬Ǽ
Ϊʲô۾ִһȦ
ûвɵԼһ۵ĸԾ뿪
ߵʱѶϻˣһȲҪȥ
ΪʲôСڲˬϽߣô
·ˡ룬ֺ˵ˣǧ񡣡
Сһ˹ı顣
߰ɡһ۸£˼Сڳܡ
;меɶ¡
Ȼ
ڵ֪ʮʱǷǳĻ˲Էֹy޲ҵͻȻϮ
ɱǧ㣬Ӳû뵽y޲Ҳܡ
Ҳȷɹļ˹y޲ҡ
ʱĹy޲Ҵɫ׵ĺͷһͷںڵģһĺɫڶһ٣ϲһȦɫӣڶ߻ƺɫա
еǧǸŮˡ
ι̬Ů˵Ĺy޲ǰҳֻǾ˵һЩܹùy޲Ҹ˵ػ
ϰƨ
y޲ҶһѪƮ˵ζŵζûסһڡ
Ȼأ
λ˵ɷ򡣡
y޲ҡξƱĶͣˡ
˵ʲô
˵ɷ򡣡
y޲ֱ˾Ʊλƨ
Ĳ࣬ĵĸϸʱͽһܱյķ䣬εҲʲôֻк˷ֿ֮ǰӷ˺ġ
ɱӺҴ˺
˦˦֣ǰ˼ԣԲô˵ģô˵һթҵҪܸɳʲô
ڵϵδҳ
ܸоԼʲô˵飬һǸס
ˣףӽˮ𣿡y޲ǡʲôֱһȥҶôû𣿲˼ڱǿϣȥЩ£ӵͦ󣡡
ͷֻǾǧСһԣԲŻˡ
y޲ҺһȻû׷
ΪԼþʱy޲ҷָ˸ͷ
y޲ҵļѪҺֱӴεԴ˽ȥԵε߰㣬ԼѾһ̲ϡõѪˮ
ձɹǶʱ䣬ûоô۹
ʹ۳ɲҳչy޲ҡ
ֱֹͣס˷ʹŴ˵һ¡
ˣͯĥʵû
y޲üûʲô£
ֵͷ
λǧ˿ͯĥ˵ʵ顣
ӹ˵ʵ
y޲ܿˣ¤¤˵ֻҩӦþоĳɹ
ֻϧˤˣû취ҳЩҩ䷽
ܵҰһѹ˺Ͱ˱ɹӦöлֻ֮ͨҪҵһ㣬Լͻơ
ȥҰ֡y޲˼һ£¤ȥ
Ůζߣʳ¤˽˹
ͱϻѪۼ¤ͨһ֪ôְԼˣô˵¹û
ȥҰ
y޲ָΣȻȥǸҰĴ
δ¤ȥŮհߣȴֱy޲Ҹ˻
ȵȣɱӦкܶȹȥy޲ֻ˸µıӣ£׼˵֪𣿡
θ.̧ͷǡ
¤ɶ֪ҲŹȥ


45 
ҹľž, ڽйĴһ
һ뱻ɱӺ;Ǹɢط, һС벻Ϊ, û뿪, ɱӺ;ֻܰǴӵﰲ, ɺλ
ӵĲѾȫͷ棬ˮ¶֪
ֱ, û
Ұһſڣ۾, ҵ, y޲Ҿǲ
ûмy޲ʲô, ǲǺͯĥƵĳҪ
ϧֱ, y޲Ҷûй
˵ĹȻȷġλݳһ, ûõģ, ҪҪطס
ǲ, y޲֪ǵסпܻ޹Ĵ֡Ҳд⡣
ݣܵûʿ츳һıy޲Ҵ, С
ǧɰᵽĵطȥ, 񡣡G˵ڵ, ᵽɱܲȥ, ǧɲǸҰѧҽȥݰæ
Ÿסǧҡͷ, Ҳȥɱӡ˵գԵĿɣ磡
ҲǲС
һ硣ǧ۰Ͱ͵ĿҰһҰһ˸Ƿ۽߳һ˿ˮڹɱܲȷȫĵط
ǡ
һһȥɱܲġǧɵͷ뿴׵Ļһġ
ɵͷһ˵û
Ȼûʲô£Ǿˣһ˹˵ĵطæС˵ֵһ۸£ĳְص˲ͬ
ޱ飬ǲС
ʵ𣬺λݸϽסĴȣԱֹ֣֮
쵰ڿ˭ʵֿ²ˬܾˡ
һҿƲ˭
˲𣿣ʵֿ񱩡
˲𡣡µͷ
Ҫǹ˼λץȣʵĺѸקȥ֪ΪʲôΪʲôô죡
ãȻ
Ϊʲôʵˣ
Լ˵
԰Լֻʵʵ˵ԼȻţʵ͸һĺû˵
ȫ֪Լ˵ĸ൱ã
Ұһһǧɺɶ˹ȥܲҪҪȥҷ˯һ
˲ֵܣ˵Ļһ
û£ϲˣõġֿ˼ʲôʱȥܲ
żĻͿԴȥɴչһĶͷȷҰһûзգ˵ôż᲻̫ۣ
ڳ˶Ѿҹû˯ˣǧ֮⣬˶ȫû¶ƣ̬
ǵǿԶͨˣ켸ҹ˯Ҳȫ£пʱͻһԵȫϡ
ǧɡ
пЩҰһ
˯ɣҪȥ뿪ôʱ䣬ѲĹ֪ôأȥҲ١
λһеķҪһ𣿡
ɵѲ͸µѲ˸ʵ֣ºͺλݵѲǰŵģԺλݾ˸£Сںͱڤ
СıȽϿ죬λһЩ
ҡͷȥ
λϵЦݽסˣҾͺһȥɡλݿҰһҿ԰ĸϸ𣿡
ȻϵñҪá
λݼҴҵקֲԸĸ뿪ˣ˶ˣСںͱڤҲǣֻʣ²ʵ֡
ߵʱҰһһͷҲأ´μɱˡ
ǲ̫µصǷǳ̹ϡ
ǳƽأڱ棬ǿǹҰֵƬ
𣿡ɴչһۣǲ⣬ҪúõıŶ
Ȼ
ҰһǲԾĦ֮ķŽ
һװöණǧɲܿٴζһĻǳ档
ۼҰһ˺ܶණСϵľȥۼҰһװ˸˸ߵӡ
ĳ档
ҰһһС¾ǧɣ͸㣬װ²ٶ
ǧҡͷҲҪĶ
ûϵģʦһûиأֻС
ǧɿ˿ɣԼ͸ûзӦŽӹ˷ܵİš
ˣСӸϽȥ˯ｻ˾ˡGǧɣ˳ɺҰһһȥ
Ѿʮˡһɽʮ˰ɣʮСҲҪȥ˯Ŷ
ɾͺˣ˶ֲ壡ɾУʮѾСˣǳˣ
û뵽ҰһȻԼ꣬ϾҰһͷǳᣬֻʮѡ
û뵽
ëͷСӣʲôȣϽȥ˯G۾һɣǧɺƾͶһأ˵
һ˯ɣҷ滹µı졣
Уǧ˯࣬һ˯˯õģ
ǧɸ˵Լ˯࣬һɵ񣬵ĿڣҪǺʹ˯ɣ˯ᳳġ
ҰһǾʹˡ
ֱСʧ֮УGŷóʣԼѻݷҫȥһš
ƽôڼңԼﶫķλòǧϤֻܰǧȥµıӡ
ɵķǳͨһͨ˵ķ䡣
ҵżҺõĶ࣬żһȫһ˯ÿ˶Լķ䣬ǧɵķɵķڣ˵ķ䶼ֻ࣬ɵķȱ˳Ϣ
ڼɱ֮һܻؼһζƵΪ֮ǺܻؼңܹڼôʱѾǸ˼ͻ
ǧ۰Ͱ͵ĳҰһͷǰͷˣͰ͵ġֱҰһǧһ˯
ɴǰסǧɣȥϢɣ컹Ҫȥܲء
ֹɱӵĶԱǰܲ˻Ҫ飬һҵƷԸݷҫն֪ģֻҪǰ֪һͺá
Ϣ˵꣬ͰԼܵͻ˷䡣
Ұһ˯£ڱ˸Ƿ
ǧɻط䡣
ϲһ𣿡
ǧʶ˵ͷ
ϲ͸׷ؼҵɩӡĵܵܵļ򣬲˵ܵĿɿڴı飬ǵðҡ
ǧɴŶһ
ֱ뿪䣬ţŻعˡ
ۡ
Ǵһ粻ǲʶ
ǧʵ벻ͨ
һ統ɩӵĻƺҲ
ˣҰһɻŴ񣬡Ϣˡ
˯ɣɴӹ˺ڲѴⶼס˴ñӡ
ô̶һᣬҰһĺѾƽŤͷһۣҲ۾


46 
ϵʱɻҪȥѲ, ŵȥϴ, ·š
Ұһû, Ƿ˸˯
ȵҵʱ, Ұһ˯, ѷʰãȫŽ, ȥǧɡ
ǧɻʰ
ԭĶ̫װ£Ұһ͸ǸֱԶҲװһ, ΪٵĶȫ˽ȥ
һ, ˯ôȥǧɻ㳤;··, Ǵͳ, 洩һF, ϴҲľǲ죬һ˫ĺɫСƤЬ
ͦõ, أ
ȥѲ, һӦþͻˡǧ˵ȥһŶе, Ļȵһ¶ӡ
ǧɷȥ˳ȥ, ʵǧҲǸʮСѾ൱, Ҳ̿ɼһҪֵ
ҰһҲŹȥæ
ҵʳ, 緹֮, ɻҲҪԶ·ϵĿЩǧһĻδҲ̫ˡ
峿ؼҵʱ򣬵ȴľҰһǧˡ
磡˷Ŷ԰ɣȻҪˡ
˻·ҪԵʳ㵱ʲôĿ̫ܲʵԾ˸ֿζķš
Ұһ˵ʹ˻ҳʣµЩ˲ٿζϣϰһѡ
ζһ㣬ʤڻࡣ
ɳԵͷ̧һ˾֮һķţһܿͳԵ˲١
ٳŵʱǧȥ͸׸𣬿ɶGȴŲǧ˺һᣬGɶϳ
߰ɣֲǼˡܵܵļ򣬡´λǿˣ׾ͻˡ
۵ĶGɷ˸
Сӣ˵߾ˡ
ʧGɵһŴӷ򿪴ſԶ뿪վ˺þòŻؼҡ
ϻǧµķˣǰ£ӳ
ղŸǲǳˡ
ÿ׶ᵣԼĺӡҰһοֻóˡ
ǰײġ
ǵĸڼԴĸ󣬸׾һ겻ˣÿŴ£ΪҲԼ̿ŬĽ
׺Ͳսˡ
ܹ⣬޷ͬ
˵ģǿߴڵΪ˱ߣΪǿߵǣȥ߾ûдڵ塣
Ϊһֱ᳹塣
Ϊ˱˶ս
Gɷԭ򡭡ҲЩ˿Цá
ΪǿʲôãʱԼʲôû
ǿʲôã
Ұһ֪ҵ£Ҳֻ̽ķʽתǧɵעָ·ߵҰݸҩʲôá
Ķ𾢡
ЩҰݾֻҰݣʲôҩüֵס˼ֹѪʹĲҩȻԺõõ
ϵȷͳһõҩЩҩֵһ˾ûˣܹҵĲҩǾͻһݱϡ
Ҿɱӵܲһ룬ҲǹŰǸһϹŰ壬޲ýŵװձÿһأڵ֮󣬾˻𳵡
ڵĻ𳵵ٶȱδ¸ٶȲĲһǰ㣬ܹС·Ҫ죬ȵһվ³շתܲ
ȵ˻𳵣Ҫס۾Ͷ䣬ܰ˴ܲȥ
ֻ۾ʵѾˣҪɱӣҪִΰ˱Ԥ˲Сļס·
һһߡ
һʼûʲôˣԼڸɴк
Ӿ֮͸оͻʶߣܹовһֱע
һ·ɿ˵֣Ѳ
ڼ˳֮ǰɾѾȥϢǴʲôʱ򵽣ȵһ˶˵ʱ򣬲ݷҫպѾڵˡ
ɱݷҫסطûҰһĺǷǳͨƽϵһסլ
С֮ҲŻסķӡ
ɵķӶҪһЩ
ҰһһԼ·ȷԼûΪ;жǱʧ档
ˣհ
ŵһɫͷŮʿɫͷСкҲӣݰ׵ģСͯƵġ
մˡ񣬡𣿡
׺ĸѾȺʱˡպĴһҰһǧɣÿ·˽ȥ
ȣͣ¡
ĲɹܺãֽԿĹ⣬ѯʵף˺ҰˣԼǧɴѾˡ
ɡ
Щȴǳᡣ
ڵõԿŵĴ𸴺󣬻ձţó·˿Խȥ
ǧЩţץɵ磬ҰһǸƵӡ
ݷҵѾӵ۾һֻ۾ѾʧһֻҲֻģӰҪս˲ܿĶ
˸ռ棬ݷҫǿ϶ôʧľٶĶ
ǳǸûȥӭݷҫ˸񣬡УұҪΪҵĺǵǸ
ʵֺǶΪҲŻȥӽĲʣʮֱǸ
ڼݷҫ֮ҰһͻȻˣΪʲôɱӵ˻ԸΪ
ݷҫշǳᣬҲÿһλԱЩ˵ĳƺͿԿʵǷǳ׽ģݷҫҲǵɺһţ˵ͷֻΪ˵Ǹ
ǶȣҰһôһôõҲȫȫΪ
ˡҰһԱ߶һ£Ӧͬ䣬ûбҪ
ݷҫպҰһֻͬ꣬Գ£ͬǶʮ꣬ݷҫȴŲ˵ĳͣǴŵ΢ЦҲ
ãϵĲֶɫĺۼǣֻ۾ɫ֡
䷿ӺܴƮɢŨҩζݷҫվԼǰصҩζǴƮɢġ
ɱӵĺӣڲʹⱾӦõġ
ҲԱӦ͡
ʿֽţⱲӾôˣҰһҽȴ漣˵ֽŽϣһ֢ûС
ôһܹأ
ֻǿñˡ
ĵƣֲôҶǳϲ㡣
Ұһ˼ЦЦ
ҿԿһû´ĻӦѾˡҰһֱԲ䣬ͺײݷҫղΪԼ⻰һ
ȻˣûҵĲСĥңͨ˵ǻʮġ
ֲá
ɣǧȥϢɣлҪҰ˵
⻰ǲܸ˵ġ
Լԭ򡭡ǲ䡣
ɻ˵ʲôȴڲݷҫյ΢Ц°ˣˣ
úϢ
ȵûˣҲǲˣݷҫֱˣҰҽӦÿˣֻҲǵò䡣
䣿
ǵġݷҫյͷy޲ңǲݷҵˡ


47 
ѾԶƽʱڵˡ
ʱݷҵķּҼ޲ಡ, ʮ꿪ʼͲ.ಡ, ʱŶ⡣
ʱƽҽ˸, һû, û취޲Һ, ֻһЩ
Ⲣ޲Ҫġ
ҪģǺͨһ, ܹͱĽֻڲԹ԰, Ʋ
ڴʦ, Ѿ˼, ϵ, Ǯ, ڽɰ, ȴֻ˵ⶼ, δĳջһλҽκáֻҪ嶯꣬ͿԸıԼˡ
޲Ҫ׷ʵʱ򣬰뿪ˡ
, ȥһλʦҶռ, Ҫ֪λҽܹκҶȴֻЦЦĿ, ˵һԤԡ
ݷҳΪ
޲ҲΪʲô˵ֻ, ȴΪĻĵĶԴҽ
һûУ
ȫУ
ȫǲݰ
޲ҵ, һҽ˵һκʱĸɱˡ
ҽԵҩȴãȷûҲɹ̫Ϊʳ
Ȼ뿪˲ݷҡ
ʱ˰Ҷ˵ĻҲףλʦԼΪʳĹ֮һֳԼ
ˡ
һѰſԼΪɫ˰һԼûмɽ󺣡
ݷҲΪ޲ңԷĿʼѰͼʧ
Źy޲ҳԵԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽǿʦκβá
ʱ޲ףԼѾһ֡
ֳ˲ɹ̫Ҫ˲֮⣬ģˡ
ֻҪԼ˷㣬ԼܳΪ..
޲ҳԣΪԼĿĲֶΡ
Ҳױ˹
޲ĹĲݷҲΪ˾ԭ£ȫҶͶ뵽նɱ޲ҵ
Ͼǲݷҵˡ
ݷҵˣΪôһܵǴÿһλݷҵ˶ܵѪ䣬ÿһݷҵڣֻкܼҵŮһǿʮꡣ
ǧݷΪ˶޲ҵ׷ɱԼεĸסַϣǰָ˲ݷϡ
ϣǧĶԹԼ˽ᣬùy޲ҳʧ
ݷҫս˲ݷҵº͹y޲ҵĹϵݷҺ͹y޲ҵĹϵܸ߽ʿǣ֪Ķڹɱӵķչ;ġ
ҰһΪϣҰһΪԼѣûгΪԼѣҰһƷҲԲ¸¶ȥ
ῴǲݷҵϺһԿ޲أ
˽ݷҫҰһġ
Ȳ˵ս˵ҽòݷҫղ֮ġ
ɱӵĺÿζȥ͹ս಻ȹҪʱָܻսҲ£Ƿǳġ
˺͹սȥҲһΪʱҽ
ڵֻô˻̫ˡ
̺λݶڵһˣʣµ˸޷еΪΣֻܵȵû֮
һȥ͵ʱ䡣
ʱĺĶʿʧȥԼ²м
ɱҪİˡҵ˽ġ
һӦǴӦ󣬻ʱǡ
˹ɱӵİкܶͷ˺ܶࡣ
СܵӢ۽޷Թy޲ҵĴӲ˾ӦܵУң⡣
ɱ֯ʵеʱڵӢЭᣬһûйٷֻ֤֯Ļ־Ը߲Ż룬
ǶʱӢ۲Ӣۡ
ΪǸʱﷸǳ࣬Գ˶ӵиԵģЩˣڵõԶȱǿöʱ򣬾Ҳ޷ĵ.˺ܶ޷ص¡
ǶʱľʵɲʲôóΪڷɺ£˺ﷸҾҲʹǹ֧ڶԿ˵ʱ޷Ա
ʱڵĸʵǿ󣬵£ﷸǿ󼸺޽ġ
ֻиԶԿԣôһ˿֮
Ӣ˳ˡ
ӵиԵ־ԸڷķΧԷıȺڣȻٵģ˵֮⣬йٷĲ⣬ڸܵе£Ӣ˷չķǳѡ
ô˼֮󣬹ٷڳӢˣȻ󽥽졣
ֻԼ游˵ǶʱĹ游Ƕʱո¶ͷǣȻŵӢ˱ϵʱʮۣתٳ
ΪԪϵ游ӢҲ൱ĻȨ
游ԼСʱٵӦǱ.
ҰһѾѡ游ԼԼķ䶼ȥпܱҪȥĳЩ˵̰
游ĹϵڣҰһԹɱӵĹ۸ȻһʼʵָˣںںĹɱӶʿദʱ佥Ĺۣٶ֯
ǿ̫ˡݷҫճһ浣ϴӦء
ҪǾܾɱӵ˵涼
ݷҫΣ졣
졣
ܿ˺ϵҰһͲݷҫֿ˼䣬Ұһݷҫտһ塣
ûоⶫƽƵĸԡ
Ǿ鷳ˡݷҫնҰһҽѵõڴ
Ұһ£ע½Լַ˲ݷҫյദ
ֱۣӴ͸.壬˲ݷҫյưܲת˼Ȧ
ݷҫյ屻ĥôܱ꣬ҩ壬ʵѾʴĲˣʮ
⿪䣬£ҰһҲЩ޲ߡ
֢״Щʱ̿ʮɣֻ̿ʮǹµֻܾҩĸȴ¸һ塣
ҰһʶתһȦ˲ݷҫյͷ
λҪ⣬ڴĵλһöɫģ״Сĺɫӣʱʱ³ںɫ
ʲôʱֵģ
ҰһüԼսʱû
Ұһֹ۲һ£Ȼ֮ǿźɫʧ١
ҰһͷĴѰһλҵźɫӡ
źɫ֯ͻۿɼķڣصḯá
ղŲݷҫվȻʹںԼ˵ô
һ㶼
ҰһͼץסźɫӣȴƵĻ֣ץס
òץסˣֵʱתƵطȥ
ôס̫ʵҪȰӷӡڲµĵطܳ׽
ۣջ֡
ԲһɫӣǿӦþı塣Ȼһ£Ǹղӵת·ߡ
ΪҰһڷ˵˵ͷ
ȷͷʹʱ·ߡ
ʹÿһʱͻ֣һʼʹϰߣѾϰˣ֪ͷʱʱͻʹ
⡭
һʱӡӡס֮ӦûЩӵôˡ
Ұһһ²ݷҫյĶͷһᾡġ
֪жƵķݷҫȻǸ˵ģ¼ֻ˳䷢չ
̫⣬Ӧûܳżġ
ҫգ˽еЩ˲ݷҫν̬ȣҰһһ񣬡Ұˡ
ˣʲݷǰĲ𣿡
ڵҴȥҡ
ݷҫЦҡͷ
һʱϢɣοɺǧɻڵҰءݷҫոסԼӵ֣ô궼ȹˣ⼸𣿡
侲һ񣬡çײˣȥ˰ɡ
ô
ݷҫնҰһıӰЩŲסɻر
ܹҰɱĺˡ


48 
ݾڹɱܲԶĵط, ﲢ, еĹɱӳԱ֪
Ҳٻһͨɵ, ˹¶֮⻹Ȼͨ˿˵ǲóսŮԽʿ
ǧݰæġ
ʵǿ, սΣ, ָҰһѧЩҽ֪ʶڵݰæոպá
Ұһȥ˵, ԺмСŮɹͱ, Ͻ
̺λ𣿡ʵ, ǡ
λݽȥ, ̽㻹, Ҫȥ𣿡
, ͺáҡҡͷ
Ұһһģǧɡһ, ɾ, Ұһǧɺ£Լһסһ
ݳ˶ʿ֮˻һ˶ȥӻ߳ȥնˣٻڵݰæ
ǧ, ĵܵ, ʱڵݰæַǧɵļ򣬡ʱˡ
ǧԵһС, Щŵ߬, ЩԼҪСܶŮк, Ǻãǧɡ
ҰһҰһҲҽܡ
~
СŮãҰһǧһѣȥҺСˣҪʹҽŶ
һ硭
Ӻô½أȥɣһҾ͹ˡ
ǧɹȥЩŮӣ˺ҰһǰŮǵָȥ˰칫ҡ
̻ڰ칫æµ
ոսһĺЩƣ΢Ϣһ֮ѵд裬Ϣ
ͻȻ˹ЩţϽʰһ棬Ȼȥ˿š
ˣ
ضҪҫյĲġÿ·Ұһ¶λҰһǰʱ䶫ǳҰҽ
۾һãẠ̊́ˣкܶҪأ
ʵ֪Ұһġ
ʱкܶʿȥҰҽЩǳ֣ǽԼҲ϶ȬЩʿҰҽֵ£ȫĻˣЩֶϽŵĶʿҲûʧȥ𽣼ǰߡ
ʱþɲȥֽһǵˮƽͿЩЩʿҲõԼμսһ
ϧҰһʧ٣ֱӵûȥˣֻһֱţû뵽ھȻڵݼˡ
ҰҽҪ˵Ĳǲ˵ҰҽѾ˵뷨أ
һĿκأ
ã鷳ˡ
ȥá˽ȥ֮󣬺̷ܽһ䣬ó˼ţƤֽ
Щȫǽ˿ʱµĲ˵ڵм¼ˡ
Ұһʱ˳𿪣һݡ
ٶȷǳ죬һݺܿͷһݣѼݲֿţ˲̵ʱеĲֺ֮󣬾ͰѵǼݲ˳Щҿ𣿡
ʲô𣿡
΢е뷨ҰһļŽԼʱҿסڵ𣿡
Ȼԣݵеá
漰⣬ʵǳ˵ԴģǾ˵ҰҽǳףҲˣģû
лл
Ǿ鷳ˣɱӻʲôȱˣ˵߸˵ͿԣǶΪ׼ġ
ҰһлĿ뿪
λݸ˵ǧɵ飬һʼ͸ǧɰź˷䣬ҰһķûҪǣһֻ˵ǧɰһͿԡ
ĺ̽ȥŷȥˣҰһûܽס
ҰһֻܴתȥԺǧɡ
ǧʱѾܺǼСŮ˵ϻˣڰ⼸ŮЩŮǴ󣬳صľ־̧󷽱ЩŮ·
ǧɺͺദĺܺءǧɱЦȻҪͬĺһ档
һ磡
𣿡и˫βŮʵ
Ŷʱʱסڵݣæʲôġ
һǷǳҽκùܶಡأǧɿ䵽ǰһʱһֱڸһѧϰ
ۡŮǷ˾̫ˣ̽λݽǶرۣдæӦûɵɡ
һᾡæġҰһӦҿ԰æ𣿡
Ǻ̹ʱͼҰһһȺСһ𣬰æ
ӱСǸߣټһǧɣܿͰѻȫꡣ
ҰҽѾźˣҪʰ𣿡ʵ
ˣ
ǧҲһɣҰҽķ䰤һء
ҰһĶ࣬ʰ֮ڷ濴ǧʰԼĶ֮ȥæˡ
С˵ΪӭǣҪԻ
λݵʱȽɣǿ֮ǰԺ￴ǧɡ
ˡ
Ұҽ𣿡
ġǧһʱ˵ݵСУݵĺǶǺúӣǧԸᣬܿ˽ȥҲûΪԼΨһߡ
λַĽȥˡ
λӦȵģ·ϱˣ˵ˣڲŻȻҰҽѾˣǻһȥ
λȥ˵ʱҰһʵ顣
ЩλݲʶϷ˺ֽܶ滭âǡ
ʲôѧͿƼײֳ
λÿŵţҰҽҿԽ𣿡
С㣬
ǡ
ţȥһ²ݷĲ΢е⣬ԿܲʱӡסƣٲҪˡ
λݺǾϲз𣿡
顣ҰһԼһλݿһ¡
λݵһƴһӣϵһ״̬Ȼ˻ȥӵ״̬
һĻʵš
ֻҪѲάĿǰ״̬ͿˣȿƺҲ㹻ʱ׸Ρ
֪˵Ұһľβǿ䡣
λݺԼҰһˡ
֮һѧ硣
ҰһöӷһߣһСϣѾһӵ涼ҰһʧƷ
Щʲôģ
ΪȷʲôֶΣԾһˡҰһʵ飬ϷӡĻӦûظι̡
ֻǰƷǿӾģǿźӵģ壬ֻܿӵķӡӲܹڲݷһǧôýģ
οڷҲرóֻھ֮ܶԲݷҫʹá
ҰһȽͷ۵ǣܹҵ㹻ǿ塣
ϧˣӵǺܹ
ʲôϲǻ֮ѪҾ֮ӦǿԵġλ뵽ͯĥ塣
Ͼ޲ѪģԱʲôǿܹͯĥĳɷоĻܹһԿķ
ֱӽӡأ
ܹס֮ķӡԲѵġ
λݵ뵽ͯĥһıȴᡣ
ôû뵽Ұһ۾һ
Լô˹߹ͯĥأ


49 
ͯĥ֪ȴԼʲô
y޲ҿԸӦԼĹ, ͯĥԴûбҰһó, ֮ǰָʵ顣
˼·֮, Ұһһͷ˱䵱ʵҵ, ˶ɵݵ͵ſڵġ
λݱһо, ǵݵ̫࣬λûڳʱһʵ顣
һ, ҰһûܴʵҳҰһȥ֮ǰλ˵ʱҪ˵ѹ˵о
ʵ֮ôһϵ, ֻûзǸѡ
ֻҪҵǸ, Ұһҳy޲ҵ㡣
Ұһо˾
еĿԹ, ȫʧ, Լ֮ǰǸԽİƷҩˮҲ·
ǲ㶫
ʲôء
Ұһʵ˼, λ˵װͯĥԴľľ
Ըĸ֪, y޲û취ҵͯĥ
ͯĥѾ, ʱµİָͷ档
ΪǧСԶԼû뵽ȻԼų
̫ЩۣõƤϺܿͿʼãɢŵĽζ, űӺһ, ˡ
þòǧС~ͯĥҰһк, ܻԼڱΧ
·Ӹͯĥ, ͯĥסԼ¶ص㲿λ
ɻŮڡ
ͯĥ˶Ĳ, Χ˲ĲϣһⲻĶɲɡ
һбһǰ񰡡
ǧС㲻Ļǲ~ͯĥ۾ˣȴܱ侲ǺҰһͲ˵
ѲȦסԼص㲿λڲݵϣʲô𣿡
ҰһڲݵϣǰСϷŵĺͲˮһƴС͸ӣһںɫ⣬䶯Ҫ뿪ȴʲôסˣ޷뿪ǲĵط
ͯĥ֪ܲʲôԼⰡ
ԼϵⰡ
y޲ûǰæʲôҰһúϻҪ˵Ļ͸һʹ졣
ͯĥǰ˿ȡԼֵԼǰϰ壺Ŷüһֱء
Ұһüʲô
Ҿô˵ȥδԵ̫ˣûʲôԽĶͯĥ˵ɫ˰֣ȻԼ͵ƵģҲ¡
Ҫʲô
Ҫ㡣ͯĥڿڻ
ֱһצӿͯĥԴ˳ͯĥԴһ߽˲ԶСϪ
ޣڣ⡣
ͯĥʼĶĳµͷŲӻһ³ͷֱ̫ˣСûŮϲŶ
ûϲҵĹʲô£ú˵
ðɣ˵ġͯĥֳ̾һǧСǲ˵ҩأ
Ұһ˵ͷô֪ģ
ҵȻ֪Ǹҩ͸¤ҵǸС˰ɣȻҩy޲ҲҵסĵطᱻϮͯĥһָ¤Ҿʣһء
ô£
ֶ¤ҵǸŮӻӡ¤ҳµʱҲ̲סЩġ
ΪǸСҩ˹y޲ټءͯĥЦȵ˰ˣ㲻𣿡
۽ᣬ̫ˣǶôҵĹ°
ҰһеĲ豭
¤һʣ˭
Ů˰ɣǸŮ˳˺ܶأԼϹԼŮȫԵˡͯĥԹǵİ֮ǰûпǹʲôǸ¤찡ΪԼӰԶ˵йЩӦƸ˸û˵Ϊʲôأ
Ұһû˵
ιŶʮɣͷȫںԺõ廨ˣôÿĻȴòɾˣ̫ϧ̫ѹˡ
Ȼ˵ֱҵĻͯĥȻһҲжѹֻǵЦ˵ҰһֻҪܿҰһͺãģ
ֻҪԼ˵y޲ʲôԼͲ
ȻǾ͸ˡ
̫ѹˡҰһĬ˺һᣬҾӦɱġ

ǿµĶҰһ˼벻أ
ʵ͹Ҳûʲôͬɣ̫ˣвͻͲһˣǿҺȻЩģͦõġ
ͯĥǺĲ˲һԼΪģҲãҲãһϣֻ˵ʽͬ
ҪȵĻǾùȽϺá
ˣҪʲô
˵ҪǧС
ҵҰһ
ǧСԶǧС㣬Զı~ͯĥðűͷķڲıŭϿҿԴǧСȥŶǳ֣ǷգΪҹ˯~ɣĵ˯ҵĻɣһԶҲѵΰ~
ˣҪ˵ЩˡҰһվʱ㻹ô
ѽΪҲӿͯĥ룬¼Ϊ˻ȡôϧԼķ֪Ϊ˲һ˷ܵĸоأ
öİ
ͯĥƲƲ죬Ȼίˣ˵ʵΪʲôҪ˵Ҷġ
ͯĥƺȥˣ˻֣ҸˣǧСͲϹ~
ʲô
ǧС㡭Ӧһ¿𣿡ͯĥ˹һƨҰһߣ޲˶ȥȻ󱻲ץŲӶһߡ
ҿ԰ǣҪy޲ͯĥڵϣô𣿡
𣿡
һ˵ͯĥ˾㶼֪Ŷy޲жෳˣұ鷳ֲñ˲˼֪ʲôֱŮһ⡣
ڳΨһŮŭĿӡ
û⡣ҰһӦֻҪ㲻ƭҡ
ɫ˰ͯĥ˵˺ü궼ûҵǿ϶ҲҲġ
û뵽ҰһȻЦ
Ȼɫ˰
ôʱ便ȥҵģһֱûҵӦúܺҵĲŶԡ
ˣձôҲÿζҪ
֣ȥժһ䡣Ұһ˵ϱ߱ɽһƬǡ
һƬﰡΪʲôʲôûҵͯĥգգ۾ѵøܵһ΢ģԱΪϲõĸ顣
ǵȻΪҴطˡ
ٶȿ죬ܿժһѻ
ͯĥȵһһ˹ӣǧС㣬Ȼҵ
ǺǱƹֲƽʱڵĲƷֲֻǳǳ鷳ʧָߣԺټս𣬾ûʲô˻Ѿ˼ƹֻӹֵݹĻŪɫĻ꣬ôĻҹϲˡ
ͯĥЦһʼֻЦȻЦȫʧȥԼΪֽ̬̫˼ˣ̫Ȥˣû뵽ྐྵȻyˣ
y޲һôãΪʲôû뿪ձȥĹҿأ
ŷ̫ԶΣգǾƹͺأƾy޲ҵʣһ·ˮƯܹȥԣΪʲôû뵽ء
Ұһܿˡ
һǧ껹ֻڰ͵͵£ܶԸصļһҲֻˡ
Ұһһɫ˰ˣŽ˹ͯĥ
ԭ궯ɫ֭ˮ֮Ȼڶ˼֮ʧڵ⾹Ȼɫɫ
֪ˣҰһȥеɫ˰ȫժȻְͯĥֶ˾ᡣ
һסĹ͵ġ


50 
Ұһɫ˰, ȫժ˷, һλһžͱҰһݵĻ˳ȥ
ôô໨
y޲һֱɫ˰, ʵ, Ѫɫ˰֭ҺࡣҰһƮƮ˵λݾ°͵Ļ
⼸ʱ, Ұһ˼֧һʮֻ, İһߵĲǳɫҺγ͸, ƯĹ⡣
ֻǿ⻹ûСĴָ, λݷǳ⾿ûá
Ұһһ, ͳʣµͯĥ, ӹȡһֻ, 
ǿںɫۿɼٶȱķۺɫڹǿʧ١
λݼĿҪ޷, ⡭ԺԹʱǾа취ˡ
ûҩá
ЩҩԽ, ˸ɱӵĶԱṩ֮⣬ܶ¡
˵Яʮµʱôһ, ͿԽʮ¸ץ
ʮΪȷǼֵ, ʷǳǿټϼֵѪ, ԹɱɵΣֱּ𡣡
µĶԱ
ҵʱ, µĶԱڼʮʱֻ׸, ޷
Ǳ߲֪ɱԸɱӵļƲкܴԳɹ
ҪϽ˵һ¡
š
ҰһʵѾʼоݷҫյĲˣҲѾüĿ
ɫ˰ԲݷҫյҲá
ǰʱҪ˲ݷҫյһѪɫ˰ĳɷֿʱкѪҺпӻЩɫ֮ʴݷҫյٶȡ
Ұһһɻ
ݷҫպ޲ѪԵϵģЩɫ˰ԶѾɹĹy޲ʹãҲܶԲݷҫյãǲǿԲ²ݷҫյ͹y޲ұɹ֮ôһơ
ҵy޲ҳԵҩͿòݷҫҲy޲һɹ
Ұһʣµ֧ҩɵҩˡ棬ʣֻ
ʱֻͯĥ⣬ûĹʵ飬ʱҪһˣһҪǵСġ
˵
ȻҪ˵һ˵֮һҩȡеһѣԵĹȽϺãץʵͺˡ
ʵǶһȽϺá
öԱǶץһʵǿĹأ
ʵĹûʲôҪҰһֱӷЩļֵʵĹûǣҲǲãˣҲѡ
λ̾һȥɣ㱨һ¡
Ұһ۾Ȼû⡣
Ұһȥ·λȥҲݷҫա
ûиҰһǴҰһ··ͶʿĿҰһҰһòЦЦλݵĽŲ
ԴɱӾһֱʵ˱Ҫ֮ǾԲ뿪ģݵĺǶҰһô죬οʿ
ûмҰһ
ҪΪλݴˣǿ϶Ҫѯ;ʲô˵ġ
˵Ľų̶죬ܿ͵ķ档
һֱѲߵȥ㱨˵档
ܿ죬ݷҫռҵһɫͷСŮ
ǲݷҫյŮ
μݷҫգԱϴμʱҪһЩûӭǡ
ˣλȥݷҫտҰһһߡ
λݣû˰ɡ
ûУôֲˡ
Щܲס
ڿҪˣǰʱ䣬ҹ²ܴΪ²Ҳʲô˵飬ɲݷҫ缲ӱͲͨĸðϾͺױҪزֻڴϺúš
֮ǰѾüĿˣ֮ǰѪҺʵ飬ûк֢ҪԼҪҪʹҩ
Ұһͳ֧ҩװܵɫ˰ҩˮ˲λݲʶĶ
Ҫλҩ˿϶˵ͬ⣬Ұһġ
Լɷ۹⣬ȴҲûʹùҩʲôӦӦ
Ǿ鷳ˣʱһɡݷҫ̧֣ϽԼš
±ȽϺãʱܻۣסġҰһͳǸʳֵָܣȻͳ˶˰ݷҫհߣ¶ۣõ˲׼𣿡
ǵġ
ݷҫյȴᶨҰһĻش𣬾Ͷ׼ѪܣһСǳɫҩˮ
ⲻ֣ȥʵôۣݷҫֻǱһ£ܿûʲôоˡ
۵Ļں档
ͷǱ˴һȭǿݷҫҲûסƺ߳ʶץ֡
ҫգ
Ұһʱ䣬Ԥ֮ڣݷҫհ
ݷҫյĸıԶ׼ġ
ԭѾӵӵ˵üëϣɫҲǳͷһڸǣ˰̡
ݷҫ۾ղŽץҲ
ס죬ҫգ۾ָ𣿡
˫ɫ踲ǵ۾¶ԭ͸ķɫ濴ԼӰ
Ѿж꣬Լûиоôˡ
ݷҫտԼģŵս̫ˡ
ޡ
С㣬뿪һҪݷ˵
λʶÿݷҫգݷҫյ˵ͷλųȥš
ʵҽ˸ҩ֮⣬һ֣ȻܲţҾӦ֪
ҰһҩǹóڲݷҫյǰģԽҩ
ʲô
ϢɱԼõƻҪ˾ȣôأ
ͯĥûӦ֪İɡҰһ͵뽩ֵʱҾȥѯͯĥһĴ֮ҵõһش𡣡
ɫ˰
y޲ҴӱɹʼһֱѰֻֻɲȫ壬õɫ˰֣ɫ˰ͿԽࡣ
óͯĥֳʾ˼һСŮĿɿڴ֪˵ʲôˡ
ҸõҩҪһλҩҲɫ˰
˵ղŵĻʵ𾪣˵⻰ֱӰĻ
һϵ͹y޲ұɹҲйأɫ˰˵ǽҩ˵ӣֻҪϾͿĹy޲ҡ
˵ҰһͣŲݷҫյ۾ҪӲݷҫյ۾ҳԼҪĴ𰸡
ҿɹȻҳ̷ǱɹȻ̷Ǻ͹y޲ɱΪԼĹõģнҩһн֮һԽࡣ
ʵһܺõķ
ǡݷҫռûԥҡͷܾˡ
ҵ͹y޲йôأ̷Ҳ࣬ûʸݷҫշǳᶨľܾˣ֣صľܾ


51 
Ϊôһԭеߵ, ɱӵĴҲŻԲݷҫƳ硣
Ȼ, Ǿֻİ취ˡ
ŵնʱи, ̽𣿡
Ұһ޹ЦЦ, ֻ׼̽, ׼̽𣿡
ҲǺܱĺ
ֲģôһû, ֻʱ˵˶ѣóһ, Ҳ˴š
Ȼ, ˼ʲôأ
ǹҩ, ϣÿԴ, ʮµʱʵ, ʵݽңҲܽһо
Ѹʽһдô, Ϊһ, Լ£֮ǰ˵ĺҺ£Ǣôˣ
ǰҹģھҪҰһ, Ұһҵλ̸֮, ҾͶԹɱ֦
ǻȡ裬ɱϣҿԳ, ɱӰԼʦ͵ȥ, ùǱѧôӵ, һʿѧϰ
Ҳ󿪷֮ţùɱӿԳΪٷ϶֯
ڽй֮󣬻òݷҺͱĹɱΪϵ֯ڡ
ҰһṩߵƺչƵĹͼֽĲ˵ȰÿصĵطϣȻû취̫һֱɱù£һάΰ
Ҫ֪ǰЩŲƬϽϴ˭˾ͳԣ˭Ҳܲţÿˣеѹеѹסѹסģ׷Ҳͳ˹䣬ֱ˺޵ĲУټ·װ·ʵǺƽ£ҲйòԶ衣
ݷҫյͷǳ˳
ͼֽѾ͵ʼߵƻӵȫѾͶŹ˶ãǾ𵽸á
Ұһˡ
ֻ׼̲Żôǰy޲Һ͹ɱӻʱҲǴκιٷκǣ
һͨʵ򲻹˷ѱ統ʲô֪һֻ۱һֻۣһȽʵ
Ѫǧٹ֣˭֪᲻˹ֹ֧ɱȻ󱻹ֱӳԵأ
ڵǰöˣ䱸ӦӵͿԶԹ˺ЩͿǲ˳ˣκһ˴򲻹ֻ۳ŵʲôû̫ƽ
ڹɱӵݳ֦ҲһİϾȷ˺
ù˶þϻ飬ݷҫվͳϻʱ˵һ¡
Ұһû
ݷҫЩźΪʱ̸ʱҰһŮӵȥ̸ĺݷҫյ۾ˣʲô壬ûܿҰһŮװ
Ǻѣûб˼
Ǹɫ˰y޲һֱûҵ
ţΪȽɵɫ˰ƹֲһֱձң϶Ҳ
ݷҫգû뵽ԭ
Ҳҭסˡ
ôҵأѵǳ𣿡
ҿԻҰһһӵɫ˰
ݷҫգͻȻЩ۹y޲
ҩǿȫģֻнy޲ɱϵŻʧҩһСǣʣµʱһȫҩǱҵĻҡ
Ұһֻݷҫһ棬ʣµȫװûȥҩá
յ֪ҰһҴܻǧ˵ҰһݱлͣʱίĲУſںۿ޲õŽ𶹶
֪һæǺþöûˡ
֮ǰǼҴҵԶԶһۣû˵ϻ
дӦҪúõչһģԼ涼û취չ
ǧίĺܣõݵСǹοˣǧô˵ΪûмҰһίˣֻ˵ҡ
ݵĺǷǳ⣬Ҳûж˵ʲôԼ˿ռ䡣
ʵݵЩӶѾûмˣǼˣѾԵ˵ݾһңݵˣǵļˣǧȻߣȴҲǽˣɼһ
ʱ򣬸ǵĿռõġ
ǧţ󱳿ŵȴͻȻˡ
ҰһһװɫһβŰɫͺɫСף洩źɫװͺɫƤЬֱϻһɫװףҪŵӡ
ǧҪ𶹶𣿡
ûеģǧһϵίȫһҸɣ
ãҪȥһˡҰһףͷڼҪԹŶ
ʲôʱѽ
ɡ
Ұһγȥµġ
Ҫȥ
ɱܲе룬ҪгܵʱĺѾֶߡ
δĺθۣԼûмǴĻĺǸո𲽣ǿкܶĵطҶǶҶ
Ұһһϵʱ䵽˺̤ҹɫ˺ء
һܺԵĸоĲͬ
洦ɼ⺷˺ĴѲߵľ죬ЩĹңǲ˼һ£˿һҰһûʲôȤŲߡ
ǸûʲôõĹӸ硣
ڳϴ˸˵˸ַóȥû뵽Ȼȥ˵˵ǮŰ͵
ģδۿںֵܲ
ʱĸۿںֵȲδļҴҵ󣬰칫·һ۵С¥ſվžıҰһֱߣְס
ʲôˣ
̸ˡ
Ұһںʺڹɱǰر
Щ˳ӲԴԴͨˣЩֵ϶ͻῴԼԼIDE
Ұһô̹ȻŵӷſڵҵæȥͨûһͰ˽˽ȥ
ҰһЦЦֱ¥ȥ칫ҡ
ۿںֵôȥЩϰߵǴеһģһ
¥İ칫ңҰһ¥֮ͱֹƷټϳûб֮Ķ֮⣬ڷ˽ȥ
ܴ
ľӣиݵǰűʣһҰһЦԭôһ˰
Ұһԣ
ֻһССĺֵͷӶѣϲ̨档
ҰһҲãҪƽҰһǼģϾһֵ죬ôܻһ֪ʲô˵ˡ
ҰһǼˡ
ڰ칫ҵʹ˿棬ǰ˿һͨˣſɰëߣװ޵Ҳ˵ķ䣬۷..۵ģǸŮӵķ䡣
ҰһݸļʱʱطŶ˼ӿ꣬µĺҰһ̸
Ӧһ˰ɣΪʲôҪôǹ֧أ
ǹ֧ʲô;ӦòǸùܵİɡ
û˿ɺļ˳ǺİɣΪʲôӦأֻǺۿӦҲвѡ񡣡
ƾԲ˵˵ģٺйܹ
㱻y޲֪ԼҪǹ֧Ҳ⡣
˵Ͳǳв
ͨȷܶ˺ҩľͲһˡ


52 
ۿںֵȫ˸ۿڱߵĲֿ
ۿǺֵĵ, ҰһǢĸۿںֵ֮, в֯ĳԱ, ۿǽڵҪ, ˭ܰѿסۿ, ˭ľ
ǵġ
ۿںֵǽ֯ԭǺص, Ļ֮ΪԱתͳΪֵ
ոת͵ĸۿںֵչ˳촨˿ɵĴ, , гΪӵļ
ҲΪʲôҰһѡۿںֵԭ
֯û취еôĻ, Ҳһڸۿںֵֵ¸ô
ҰһιԼһ, ǰѲҲһ˹, һڸۿʵͦ۵ġ
߻Ÿۿںֵˡ
ֻ֯ΪǺ͸ۿںֵ׵ϰ壬ͲȤĲٿ
Ҳû, Ҳˡ
ЩҪĶ, һ°ɡ
ҰһԽӵģһλٴĸɲλɲλЩ꣬ĺɫ̷, ɫ, ϻŰɫףҰһ, ΢΢Ϲ֮, ŴĺֵԱۿڱߵĲֿ⡣
˿ɲûй, һ֯죬ʱ˷޹ؽҪϣ˸ǹһʲСĲƸҰһҲ⣬ֻҪõԼĶͺá
֮ǰǼӵĶ𣿡
ǵģѾȫϡٴ˵ͷĵĻԼһ¡
ٴһ⣬ȻҲ֪ҰһҪʲô
Щ󣬲ҰһΪʲôǹϼЩϾǿˣ϶ԼôǮʲô˵
ȥһ¡ҰһĲ˵
Ӧƿſڵƿţõӿʼ˶ԣͬʱЩƻĺֵûиʲô۶ӡ
ǰҲҰһɻʱǸɵβ˵ĻźֵûкɫϿʵǵ˵ġ
ں͵˺̹˵Щ΢
ڷ濴ŲĺֵǱ׶֮ŵò˵
ԳҰһ֮ʱȫмαװԼϢһɱ˲գ۵ĺݽɫ
ΪֵĲʲô˵Ľɫʲô˵ʲôĻʲô£зִ硣
Ǹۿںֵ֯͸ҪԴԲ¶۵ӡ
һʼҰһʱһġ
òƭԣҰһ˰ӣŲһҰһͲαװ¶ԭ̬
ҰһǰҰһĸۿںֵȻûϳΪļҵĹ棬ڿ˾ֱ֪֮ûϳ
Ȼֿ˲
һͬС
һô׵ĲһɵҰһʲôĽɫأ
еģԽûвʵԽѸ㡣ҪôĺҪôЦ滢ǵBOSS˿ɾ͵ˣӵĶӶˣΪµǵȻǶôѸ㡣
ǰҰһʱһֺӣɽȴûαװЦеģŮ·϶׵ˡ
ֻΪŲһֵŮˡ
ٴˡ
ǰʱǸרӸ˿ġ
ҰһҪĻܴôȫװһӡ
ôͺΣգҲܾˣֵǸֵĹԽΣյģԽǸߣοֹֻҪСĽ㣬ûʲôѶȡ
ӣʹҰһ˵ͷû⣬Եϡ
ǾͰβˡ
Ұһȥ˳СŮа˸ߵİɵ˹ĹҵĶڽűߣȻ˵һ°ɡ
ѷŵģĿΪɹ۵Ĺâ۵Ľ
ٴסˡ
ڽӲͨûô
Ҳͦõġ
ֽһױ¶ԺתҲȽϷ㡣
һ£ҪڳԺڵĴ٣ֳǲ֯˹ģ漰Ǯ٣ۿںֵǽæˣȥֿ潻ס
ֻ̧İȴôŬҲ̧
̧һŰѶ̧˲ֿ⡣
ղװĲֿ⣬ȴտյģֻʣ˳˻֮Ķ
أٴʵղŲǻ𣿡
ˣõġҰһָҼŸʱ䣬鷳ץʱһǮ
ٴȭͷסɫδ䣬ȴĿҰһ
ʱֻвһ˽װ䣬ֻ˲ʮӣʮ˻ԶԶģҲʮӵʱ䣬òֿ⡣
ǡôģ
˶˵߲Ϊ⣬Ҳ޶ԡ
֪Ұһ˸ӣۿںֵ˼ƷʵȷûмٻҰջʻһ֮ȷû⣬¡
죬´κĻŰۡٴ˵ϣ´κĻᡣ
ҰһݸһЦȻܲҵı͸ˡ
ٴЩΣǳǸ
ǵ鱨鱻ˣǾȻȫ֪
ûŶµġ
һ£Ϊ׶󣬶ԷʵȨԷĵϸģȷԷûʲô˵ĶֵʱŻὫṩԷ
һ㲻ᵽ˵иԵǱҰһֱ˵˳ѶԷҪٵˣټȥܻвõ鷢
ۿںֵȷʲôûв
ǰ˺ƾճֵģ޼ѰϸûһǸĿ׶˶Ҳȫ鲻һټ
ټ
ǹɡ
ʵԹҲжţǵϽ桭ʵҲйûôܼһ㷢һֱӼȥ汻̫¡
ĹͻϲôˣӦǾú̫Ž᲻̫ǣвԾͻطձҲֻк
ҰһԲ̫һμʱҲ̫¼ġ
ǾͿųǹˡ
һ챨ġٴĿ뿪Ŵ˻ȥ
ô˵ģ˿ɲǺ⣬νѾˣԺлᣬǻģ׷Ҳûʲôá
öԷˡ
˵ʵҰһֻЦƵľѾϣΪҰһΪۿںֵӶֹġ
ܹһóô֯治࣬ÿһǲʲôǵģҪǱ̫鷳ôŪġ
˿ʱҰһ£ϾĿǰΪֹûʲôͻȥǺ¡
*
ҰһͲǻص˹ɱӣʱ£ɱӵ˲١
ʱȥ֮⣬ʱȫʵͷɻһЩĥĹԽˣʣµҪĹȫԼɵġ
ҲǱ䣬ǸɲˣҲôۣûа취ûоϵͳѵʵѺϹҩЧҲۿۡ
Ұһһŵ֪ǹɱϻˣлŵصɱܲȻҲݷҫտᡣ
ʱ䣬ݷҫӦѾע䣬⼸͸õˡ
˻𣿡
ʱйֻڣǧɾͺһȥˣڲ֪ڵݹش𵽡
ǵȽ֮ˡҰһÿɷòȥ֮Ҫطɻ
һ£ҰˡһҴææܹҸˡ
Ұһһ
Ͼ͹ȥҰһӦݣĻ·ױԼ˸ͷ˰죬ְװžľװ
ɱӿϻʱ򡭡ԼÿԳʱָǡ
ҩѾװ䣬ĿǰֻԱʹãĹɱӶʿҪһʱĿſԸʹõȨ
һָ֣Լ֮ǰЩ֪˶٣ûеط䡣
ȥһˡ
ҰһԼֱѡжձʮѡҪ֪ǰûôڿ˸ɹ
ԼҲǸүΧһһʲôҪɣڿɵǺãʲôˡ
Ҳûôᡣ
Լȥ֮󣬿϶øĸŷǴһ
Ұһȥܲβñ·Լܹȥ
·˺̣߸һŰɫŲβСŮСŮҲʮ꣬ȴҲĽСĺһˡ
Ұҽ̽סΪʲô˵Ļںڵء
ҵˣҪȥһ¡
Ҳֻҵ˹ԼҪ·
ҰһԹûʲô취ϾԼѡ˴Ůװɡ
һн֮ȥ˵ǸɣϾƭôá
̴ԼҰһżᴩŮװ£ûۼǼҰһЩ·
ϳҲΪҰһټ۲ϸټλǰ˵ô³
ǻڵſᣬڹȥĻҪȺܾء̱֣һҪκŶټ
ǸκСҲԶһźˡ
ҰһʱԺѾвˣһλվſڵĽŲʱˢˢĿſڡ
Ұҽλں͸˵ʲôҰһæӭ˹Ҫȥ𣿡
Ұһͷ
мҰһмûģΪڵɾȻҲڣһҰһͼ˹ȥ㲻ڣʹǧɳȥ˹䡣
ȥ˺ŸջҰһ͵ݷңȽȥˣʲôµȻ˵
˵кҰһֻǸЦЦǴкĴ½ȥ
lԪüһ󣿡
ǣɷϣ׷
ǿķѻɡδŮѻ鸾ŮķϸֵģԽûʵһ۾ͿԿó
Ұһһֱڱ裬ķһֱǸ٣ϵװҲŮһѣǴͳׯصŵ͡
ɵıûб仯ǲ⡣
֪ҰһǸʲôϹǼٵģνڲlԪЩ˲ˡ
Ҿ׼lԪͻᱻ˶ûн͡
λݶlԪʹ˸ɫҪʣlԪǳı죬һѾʱʱϡ
벻ɿŨüǸˣû뵽Ȼϲһڡ
ղλ˵ȷ
Ҫû顭ʵҲеĶˡ
ȻlԪä㡣
ղнҰҽ԰ɡ
λݵͷ
ǣ˵ǸҰҽǡе𣿡
λֵͷ
lԪˣΣ³һ仰ǳ
԰ɣӦ
ԺʲôɺlԪϵãɵĺ󱳣ղ˵𣿡
Ȼ˵Ļǿ϶Ͳѻ鸾Ůһʼ谭û
lԪȻ
ǰ;
ãȻǴл
ǼͬѼһеСϣ˻˻¶Ƥϲһ¡
ԺĿһ
СڷǳɣôһͷȰ
Ҳء˳ȻͺáλͷҪһ𣿡


53 
Һ͹ɱӵ̸Ǳܵ, ǲ̸֪ľݡ
һ, ɱӵо߶ɲݷҫվ, ȷж·, ڵֻҪִͺá
ڱ֯, רеʺпܻ⣬ڹɱǲġ
˶ǳ, ˵ЩûгڴϵĴǴҲûдۻ, ùɱӵִﵽһµĵز
ʱϵ, һʼ˻, һʱῪ, ԾȥϢ, Ȳݷҫպ̸֮ȥᡣ
ҪǰתĲݷҫտ϶ֲס, ڿֻ֮ز, ڵǰõĶ࣬¹һҲֻֻۣҪԼϢͺá
ڲݷҫָʱ䣬ݷҫհѻĹȫ, רĴЩ, ùɱתĸںϡݷҵ̶ӺͲҵҲʱݷ󲿷ֵʽȫͳ, ͵һط
ɫʱ, 뿪, ҳƤһĲݷҫճһǺþûôˡ
Щ˵ÿ˵һ仰ӣвעͲ˽ȥ׳ԿȻ̸ֻһ磬ݷҫȴñԼǰһܶҪۡ
壬ƣ
һỹҪᣬ߰ɡݷҫձŮ˷վҪȥһұڤǡ
ҪƳٵҲԣѾһˡ˲ͬԼɷôۻҪᣬϢһ˵ɲݷҫֻҡҡͷ
ҶѾôãҪǾô˷ˣǵǵ£ǽȫˣҲᰲġ
ڽ֮ǰûݷҫգݷҫյĲƵҲֻ֪ǲûţĵ׼Щһϲ
ûʲôȿָ˸˵ˡ
Ұһһ磬ȶе㷢飬С߹ȥɵİȣȻվСġ
лл㡣һüСл
µ۾ģҰһȴǳȣܸ˿԰ҰһǲݷҫյŮÿĸ֮⣬Ͳݷҫ׽ľˣΪˣǶԼְֵĲصʲô̶һ֪Ұҽ֮ǰְֵĲһصԣԸԼְβҰһʱǲŻô𾴡
ݷҫ֪ԼӣӺǶ𣬾ͽ̸εҪԣЩʮĺӶ˵Ĳ࣬ҲԶͬĶࡣ
ȻϲԼ׵ġ
ȻԼĺ۰ΪŮô޶ԡ
ҪȺʹһԸɡΪĳ鵽ӦҲûüԷ
Ҳԣ÷𣿡ݷҫվԣ͵ͷͬˡ
ղŷԸȥˣһӦþͿˡڲǰͷԸȥô˵ķʳӦûҪһᣬòݷҫտԳʱһ˳Ϣһ¡
һֱҰһҰһѾҲûɿҰһΣֻԼ
̸ķϢķ˰լӣҪһ·ߵϢĵط
ܴǶѾĹУֲߣֻš
ַˣΪ̲סſˡ
ǻû𣿡ʵʵ
ӦûûаɡλȥԺ￴һۣûп˹ⶼˣԷܲ˵ġ
ֲȥ˵ҪȥԷɣҪȥȥҿɲȥlԪŲͷ
ֻܵˡ
ԶŲ͸λһϥ
ݷҫݸϺãѾˣôҶڣһһȥԸɡ
𣿡
Ȼ
λݺҲϢķˢˢĹһţҰһԱã㿪Щ˵Ĺݡ
ǾͽȥɣҪˡͷҰһЦЦҰҽҲһɡ
ûܾջ˴ڳ첲ϵ֣һȥˡ
ǸŮ˭ʱ͸һɿһҰһlԪ
ҰһҽlԪ֪Ҳֻ֪࣬ǸеģΪʲôŮ˴·Ͳˡ
ʱ͸һЩãȻȻǲǵҰһ˭
ʱ͸һǰܹ̼ǰ飬ڷҲǣǲݷҫ˵ҰһʵҲпԭ
ҰҽŮ𣿡
ѾĴӼҳôһӡ󣬡ҼǴˡ
ûмǴҰҽˡ
ŮӴ·ʱ͸һָıӰƭҡ
ԭġλЦҰҽΪ˵ֽ̣ŮˣȻ˻ڲ֮жУֽʶͬϳˣڼǵʱֻŮˡ
λݵԭʱҲ̿ΪδҲ̫ˡ
ϾĸϲһֻŮӴ·Ůأ
ʱ͸һɻȻ򣬡
˶٣ǧأûҵ𣿡
ǧҰҽһˣǧСҰҽĴŮװӡ
漸һֱ˽ڳ˸һҰһȻҲǿĵġ
ֱֻƹˤ֪˶֪ˣٲٺҲûã̹Ȼܡ
ԼΪʲôҪϰ߰
һǰ˸ӡҰһߣ˵⼸ʱ£ǸС¶
ʲôҰһ˲ϤĴʵ
гΪǱĶʿǽ̵ȻõɱӵԴбִеѶҲǳߣΣաɽ͵𣿡
һЩ֣ļΪʲôҪ
ǺǱܺãǳΪĺӣԺ϶ģȻǾͲˡ
ɱӵŮӲء
ǸŮθںܺãǳҼʱֱһȭ˹Դ
ȷǴ󡣡ݷҫտһشӦ֪ߵλ˭˰ɡ
Ӧ
ǵȷ֪ǲ֪ĸղҲһ¡
ҹҵĹϵ֮⣬һҪдҡ
ͳ򿪣ҩͼ׵ǹȫ˳ǿյϡ
оģԽҩûҵ㹻Ĺʵ顣ҰһĻƽؾףڳ˶ը˸췭ظ
и⡣lԪһʼ֮Լ⣬ԽʲôôأǱ࣬ЩǶɱˣҲҪġ
ǲĹȷܺãĹɱӶԱʵǿǶ£ʵǿĹʱͻ׽⣬˲
עҩͻù࣬ùʧȥĸԼݷҫսͣΪڻֻʵƷԲ˵ǰٷְٺãڼʱٴһ£ѷӦ¼ҰҽһݱֻҪд
ҩͯĥùͯĥʱΪûнʳ٣ѪķֳҲûһʼƬʱôԾҩҲõġ
ô˵ĺھˣҰһĳɹжô
ȻҶáڹy޲أ
ڹy޲ϲ֪ûá
ԲҪҵϣѲնʱҿһЧڴҵŬ֮£һõõݵġ
ǻһۣɵһ˹˳ͳ˼ҩˮҰһôá
ΪʲôҰһҪȥҸۿںֵˡ
λòһֻҪǮʲôɣֻ΢ӹһ ֲʲôرѵõģǱߺʹʹӦˣҰһҩˮҩˮ
ʣµֻҪ׼ӵըСҰһȻһ£ʣµĽҩͿˡ


54 
y޲ҵ˺ܾöûյεϢ
ܿںŬĹ, ǾҲ, ͺܷˡ
˭֪ɱܲ, Ϊ˷ֹҵ, ɱӶƵĸפ, ǸҲ
鲻ãεҲá
εôܺá
ԼϿǱһص, ɽƵѹ
ϰ徿ǸôܲвĺпܾҪԼС, ʱ¤ƴҰһ, ɸҲ
ץ˹ɱӵĶʿҲûá
һЩͼĶʿҲ֪ɱӵܲ, ֻĳԱ֪ɱӵܲ
εʵ
˰ɡ
Ÿսһ, ʵ㲻ǿ, һαˮԣͱɳɵ, ôܻԲеһεǹƥ
ֲһһɵӡ
ڻ¤Ϻȵġ
¤Ƿǳͨһֻ, ʵǿѪûУҪе⣬y޲Һζ, οǴˡ
, ڷһ˿
ֻǵ˿ı󣬾ȻǹǼɻĪĺ
ΪһԱ, ʵҲԺš
Щκ˳, ЩͲҶϺЩˡ
ЩҲ˵ʲôر, ǾرŽᡣ
ﻹɱǳǿȻᱻȴᱻһһĴ飬ֱʧȥж̫ɹ
Щ
κǾᣬھ᾿ҪҪȥ飬ڱ̫ɹͱϰ崦Уϵѡǰߡ
ǰ߻һ£߸ǵ
ѡһ¡
ȥʱǧҪ㲶ʳɱˣ˿ɲһ˵Ҳ̫֪࣬𣿡ǰ¤Ҫ£¤ֻܵͷ
¤˵һƿûλܷЩ¤ͷǳ㣬ԵĻϣ档
ϧС
ϰĺѡ
ְҵѵ
ȵҹΰԼڹϢһأͷȥȾýͣ־ûа취ˣԴīǹںҹҲ¡
¤Ĺ̬ʹš
ôĹ̬ᡣ
ΰĳ˼Ľ䣬ԼһϽȥѰҰһ
ҰһƺǸ뿪ۿڵĵطᵽѪҺ
ֻҹĺۿڣص˶ĳ
ĺֻһͨĸۿڳУϵĺȫһӡ
ﷱźɫѪȣڸۿͣ뿪װŵģֻ˵룬в˵δ
δźɫīԼ߳ĶܼɣܼԱѲߣ˳ζߵҰһ͸ۿںֵн׵Ĳֿ⡣
桭ҰһѪζһٻĶζһ𣬾ɶһĶζ֪ôζźá
ҰһΪʲô
ûйģΪʲô
ζſڵʹѪ߽˲ֿ⡣
տյģֻпŽĵطżľͷӡ
κĴӣһҲʶܿͲȤĶ˻ȥ
ҰһΪ
ɡԹɱ˵ûɶð
ΰ˼⡣
ΪԼѪԲϻһֶи߿ƼΪԼֻҪѪͿԣû뵽ؾȻ¼Ϊ
ֻڵļػ沢վſڵĺֵͻȻ»ǿģһֱżؿĸۿںֵϽ˹ȥ鿴
Ȼֵſڡ
ۿںֵŲ˴󲿶Ա
ȻΡۿںֵΧˡ
Σ
ѡμԼ¶ˣԲά̬¶ԼݣǼҰһ𣿡
ۺСܣãȻ
ʲôҰһģ㾿ʲôˣΪ׵СӳǹָΣȴ޶ԣһɫͷźɫͷˡ
Сӳ룬ûдɫͷˣҡͷûУ
ǾûбҪˡЩźЩֵ֣Զ֮аɡ
ۿںֵǲë
άžֵƣ˰춼Щ˯ţղŻǼ˸ɱˣΪʲôЩ˲У
պøսһٴִ˽ĽɫĽɫԿ
ʲ
ֿļյͻȻ򿪣۵Ĺ⼸յ﷢䣬ǡȫסվڲֿмΡ
ͨĵǲµģû뵽ֿĵƾȻƷ
Ǹմӹʳ¯ߵơ
η̫£ϲϵոãΪϵϡ
ɲҰһΪЯСͺţʵʵרŶԸյһûУɹյֱӰӽ͹
ٴʹڵϴ޶ԣȰץ
֪Ϊʲô֮ԼѪͲˣſڣбյƹµ˶ˣԼѪͲá
⡭
޲Ҵˡ
ξķ֣ԼҪˡ
ں޷ֻ֮Щ˰Լ廨İȻñЯʽĵưԼס
ʵǲóʹĹϾÿֻóĶͬԼó񹥻ٻͱӲӲΪʮ£Ѿǿͨ󼰵ǿȣ˵һͶϵ߶ѡ
ϵ
ЩߵŶٴȴ޿κεûסЦԭô𣿡
ٴһֻʳֵָܣǳɫҩ
ҩҰһģ˵ԷһҲ֪Ƿʲô
ǸҰһ˾Ȼֶᷢǲ֪ôġ
ǡ޲ҷԼļмƵĶҰһİƷҩ
¤˵ҩѾˣӦģҩȥ׸޲ҴˣԼͲˡ
Լ
Ȼˡ
η˺ݣֱӽԼĴĥãԼѪϣϵ·ϡ
ǾͰҲȾɹˡ
ٴֻǾܿŭõս뿴ʲô
˭ֱ֪ҧ˹ĿżȮֱҧĸ첲ٴĸ첲ֱ˺ȫ޷ȡ
ϵ˿ҲΪղżҵĶмѪٴĶϱϡ
ǶʱٴŶϴţҪҽ֮ǰԼֹѪ
εѪ˳ŴڴѸٵ˽ȥٴֻϺȣһĵƸдӶϵֱУֻĻ飬ֱڵء
ϵ˿ڻڲϵĸϣЩ˻ңδŹ뿪˱ߵ
һ뿪յƵ䷶Χָˡ
ʴƤܿãֱӽӵվ
ʱʵЩǱϰòֻڵãȴЦ
Ҫɹˡٴֵɫ·ͺɫļǣǳĵҪˣתɣŶ
ٴʹղһֱץܳԼĲȥ
ҩ


55 
ٴĶϱֹסѪ, ļͽҲ˻ȥ, ϵ·Ҳ䡣
ٴһ˿, ٴȴȥ׷Ρ
ûܵȻǿ, ûгӵ¸׷, οں·۸ӣصĳЩԿ, һȥģǰθ׷ˡ
ջӵˡ
, Ĩ춼ʧ
ٶȴŲ״¤Ҫ뿪, ɾǰŵĹ, ˡ
ҩ˳ٴѵ, ŵϴЩķŭ
˿֪˸ղŷ, ֪˿϶Ҫܣŷ뿪ĵ·
ƽȷڶ, ɼܲסŽѰ, һԹͬĵˣƽöŤͷһ¶⡣
ǹ
ߵֻиۿںֵеĺڿƼֵҲûж, ֻܷ䵽·ڡ
˿ɴӰ칫, ˺繵ͨıؾ֮·ϡ
һҪɹЩߵƣȻߵưڴ·ϵ·ʹ, ˵չ, ҪҪҲһɹһװϡ
ںҹ, еͺֵԱ԰ȫࡣ
ԭֱӴʱ·뿪ģû뵽ֻʱ·еǺֵһ֯ȴйͬһĿġ
ҲҪˡ
طֱаʲôȼĹﶼҪһͷ
ʱξ͸⻳ƨ²ܵˡ
ںֵĵ̺ʽ֮£ηǳεĽһŮ
ֻ̽û뵽ŮȻĴԼ¤ص޳ǡ
ȻΣյʶһûͿ˲ߵĹy޲ҡ
y޲վεǰӸ£θϽڵϣϰſڵôҲ̧ͷֻǵźá
ɥ֮Ȯʲôûв鵽ֱӻĻؼ𣿣y޲һҵ𣿡
ֻ鵽Ұȥ˺֮ûв鵽
Ȼں׷ôǱӣҪŮˣ
κüй޲ңӦԼе޲Ҳ͸ε۾һ㡣
˵ηǳҵı׷ɱ
ôأ
̶ֳȵ־һ࣬һ١
뻹¤õˣŮ˴ˡ
һ·֡ǹҰġ
˵
ѾоȫҩҵҧǸˣѾʼɹѾйˣڴҩ֮󣬾ͱࡣ
y޲üѵûһ𣿡
ð亹ҡͷ
뵽y޲Լ飬ȻǸϽˡ
ȻתһĹҩһԼתΪ࡭һأ
һأ
ɰ˰Ĺô죿
ҲǣûʲôָȺġy޲˼ͣǰǸҩ˭У
֪ƺֻнץǸ֯С
y޲ȴãһ
ҰһԸԲܰеļȫѹһ棬пܻ֯Ҳ
пܵģǹɱӡ
ɱط϶УҰһôôһֳɵ֯ԻȻǹһ򾡡
y޲ɫˣһƨ˵ϣŶȣָӣյǳн࣬ȴ
ʮ¶йΣy޲ҶŮ˵ȻĹ͵ķ䣬һȥ
ŮĽЩûһᣬy޲ҵǰͶ˼ڳ˵ĹĹ޲ǰʵʵ޲ҽ
޲һ㲻˿ᣬһʲô£ȻҲһ
ʱ䡭ļ棬Ҫڹɱӵߵˡy޲Լľɱо˿԰ѹ˵ҩ
ҩڹɱȻ󲨣ڹҲ˺䶯
ǻãȴը˹Ƶĳ
ʮ»ãûҪӹ࣬ͨĹһĹļ䣬ҲвǱȳΪġ
Ҫǣ̿ʮɡ
Ǹ̿ʮӣţϣҰһֻ֮̿ʮɲɱԼ
ԼֻҪ͹ˡ
ô޷ʱܣֻܱʱۣȻΪһgʧ䡣
Ұһ
ֻҪһֱţҩûпʹõĶҩʲôöû
y޲ҾԼ߼ǳͨ˳Һãǰô̹Եһ׷ɱġ
ǿǿ㣬ץǿʲôãǵ޻ϣһöûаˡ
ֻҪЦǸˡ
y޲Ҿȥ
ǹҰһⱲ֮ٳȥڹ˻
ʲô£
޲Ҵˣʱ䲻ܳ𣿡鼧ʵǳʱ䲻Զö
ӶҪҪ
ΥȫҪ
y޲ҾôԹԵȻŮԼȥ˸ڷ䡣
ȸղʮ´ĵطҪĶ࣬Ĺ棬£Ĺy޲ҵͷҪըˡ
죡y޲һ죬ֱóϵմ㡣
¡
ͨͨģֹһƬ
ӽ쿪ʼֱδûҵȫ׼ˡ
ʮ¸صͨһû
ҲΪy޲һֱѹǵ壬κη
˱ҷ֡
˵һ룬һĵȷѾԶ֮Щųһ
ǿûʮôǿڶһʱ֮ǻΪʧʱǶȷԼʲô
˲²һΪʲôy޲ҲǳˣǲΪɱǱʲôǲ֪
˵y޲Ҵ˵ǵİȫŻʱ䰲һ㡣
ڹֲ²ⶼУy޲Һֲ²ⶼС
ϧ²ⱻйˡ
y޲ҴôܻẦ¹ɱЩһy޲ҴµһԲẦ£
Ȼǲ֪ǾһΡ
һ֮ͻȻһֻȻ򣬡ûע⵽ղŴ˵ǣǲ׼ˡǡǲ׼ʳ
ֻл᲻ǹy޲Ҵ˺͹ɱӵǸЩĶҲȻ
ܵģôܻΪôǳԭôصľҲ˳ַɸĹˡ
ȻúõģΪʲôҪǲˣôɵĻҪǣҾÿԺܴҪ˿϶ɱ𡪡
û˵꣬ԴͻȻըİ׵ըΧһЩǴʧɫ޲øϽ޳ӿ
תһ롭
ıֻ˵
ֻ˵ԼĲ²ⱻ˸ɱˣĿԵȻʲô¶ûС
ѵġ
ͬһоûУǱȽԼ᲻Ϊ˷ݱ
ֻǾֻߴߴǳԾ·Ĺy޲Щˡ
ԼͲӦֿɵǸϣӦ˵ȥ֮͵͵ɵȻڶ˵ˡ
ǹy޲ֻصйǿһ飬׼Ҳ£ҪϹ˵˺ǵ졣
⻰˵ã˵˸ڳ˾øղ˵Ļġ
ҪģΪʲôҪõĹǿһ飬ӦֱߵŶԡ
Ȼʲôϵɡ
ЩǿԽ˼͹y޲ϲǸɱӵŮ˾˭ǽʾ֭˼ȥҳһ
֮ǰy޲ҸйһҪˡ
ҰһСǧ
һŮӵ֣ϰ廹˼ңȻ׼˼ңԼ³ˡ
޲Ҵ˿֡
Щ߰ʲô룬һʼ˼ҰһֿʼԺɱô죬ֱӽֵܻǽСӣ
оôж֡
ǿǲݵĵˣҪǼ˸ǲҪˣ
ˡ
װʲô֪ɡ


56 
ִǺǿģŮǸͻȥ֮߳
y޲Ҷʵ˲١
Ҳûʲô, ҽ, ±Ȼڡ
Ϊ͹Ӵܵ֯, ɱӺĲ˹Ķ
ĺƵˡ
Ϊռ鱨ǣڶԱûƵ֮, ȷ뷨
񶼲ôţǰÿвʵĹû, ǰԱæڷǴ󲿷˶
˵첻ôſóȥ, ڵĲ, Ǹôͣ
ѵǾ̫ó
ǰ˼⡣
һʼܹôһֻ, ֮󣬾ȻһֻˣɱǷǳãȻڸͼҵµĹ, ڡһֻ
쳣ܿͱ͵˲ݷҫյϡ
ݷǹy޲ʲô¼ƻ𣿡ݷҫĥǵҩӦûй¶ȥģy޲ҺĹҲ֪
ǰǻڵ¡lԪ˵, ֮ǰƵ
ϻ֮ǲû뿪, ˱Ųݷҫѧϰ֮ҪĻѾֻն, нʿѧϰ, ǺЩȨʿ
û뵽, ⼸칦, y޲ҾȻøʵˣĹҲ
ʱ䣬Ӧþ⼸Ĺ
ʱʵ̫ˡ
ǰŸտ飬ǺžͿʼݷǰŵĹѲ˶룬
ɱܲѵȻϢ
ǹȥôʱ䣬y޲Ҷûйҹɱӵ鷳
ֻйǡ
ݷҫЩͷۣ̫Ѩô˵ȰܲᵽȫĵطɣַѾ¶ˡ
ڳϵı鶼ʮࡣ
뵽һܵĿܡ
y޲ڵõǵַ֮ܲûг֣ҪôǾνҪôǾвﲻҹ
ԣпܵľǺߡ
Ȼy޲Ҳ¹ɱӵǣƽʱڵɱûϰҲСʮ
ԶԹy޲вģֻҰһõҩ
ôǴ֪أ
ݡǿʱ
󲿷˺Ȼ뵽һ磬ݷҫӣ˶ôʰһפء
ιɱӵܲѾһûлˣᱻy޲ҷҲ֮Сùy޲һû֮ǰϽطʡñy޲ҸҵȻһˡ
ڷԸȥ˶ʰ֮󣬲ݷҫհǣԼҰһ˹
Ұһ֪ʲôȴǹˣһʮݷҫտᡣ
伣ˡݷҫհύıݸĻɻʶżϵϡ
ʱ䷢ֵԼɣ滹вݷҫյĲ²⡣
ܲ˱֮˵ܻԼļвȥ˵ģھʱļ֮ʧȥǣϮ࣡
ûܹùǿסԼģֻйy޲ǿпǣ룬ǲǹy޲Ҫʲô
ǲҩ鴫ȥˡҰһ֮˵y޲һС˶Լвҩ֣ѡҲǲܡ
ǣҩȥһ˲ǻѡеҩȫô
ҩy޲һ࣬Ȼȷܱض٣ǿ϶ģy޲ôС϶ԼΣյСλҲ˵ҾԺܴ󡣡
ҩֻǼ֪y޲ô֪أ
Ҫ¡
ڹ
Ǳˣ
ܣǸͷۡ
ڹĻ˵ɱӵһл϶ǳ˻ûܣǱ˵ֽˡ
ֵܹɵ˿ڻָĶô죬ǰ϶ġ
ǿʱǻƻ裬ɫ䰵ȴ̫ǾԲܳġ
ԶҪڳɫܲ
ܹڶལʿӱΪѾһ㿼죬ȷƷʵȫϸ֮ŻᱻѡΪµĵʱֻ˵ҩʹãҲ˵ֻͺԼҰһ֪
ѡô˭ܲ
Ұһȴ˵ĺ˼룬òˣӦ֪˭й¶ȥġվӦǺЩˣy޲˵ʱȥ˺Ӻĺֵ֪Ϣ
ȥˣ
ȻΪôôĵģ
ǲݷҫնô򲻵ǾֻߺУרŸһĺֵ
ˡ
뿪ʱҰһԼҩһ֧ǺбϮû뵽y޲ҾȻǰˡ
е㲻̫ðˡ
ɱܲλӦûб¶ģԷһҪתƵصԷy޲Ѫҡ
Ұһе㵣ĺЩˡ
y޲ţǻ᲻ȫɹˣ
ǱһģȰţȥ˺ǱߣȻy޲ҷȥ϶Ժ֡
ں״̬ȷ㲻Ϻãֻ뿪֮󣬺һֱŽϵ״̬ʼϸѲĹ
ôһɨҳ˼
ЩסںֵǾսĵطҲǾʬĵط
±ֵ֣ЩҳȴԳʬ壬ûʬȥ
һʼy޲ټ֮͹ԹԵĶû뵽Ȼûܶ
һʼϮٴҲڴӻԵ˹
Ѿˣֻʣ˴ۣСۺȫʧ
ʱŸԼ룬ȰԼֳãڶһֻ첲֪Ҫô졣
ٴһֱӸ߲£ȵ֣͵ҽԺҽҲ޴롣
ɾ֮ϣٴ¹½ˡ
Ȼһʱ֮ٴȻָ״̬ԴҽԺԺˡ
˶һֻ첲֮⣬඼ǳãٴ˵ӳڣûоԼ״̬ôù
˿Ժмٴ
ٴ򻻺·վ˴˿ǰ
оԼô˿ɹԼ£ٴսԼõֵͷھԼǳĺá
ԼֱӴ¥ֱȥ
ٴԼ뷨һ֪ԼΪʲô뷨
¥ĸ߶ǣԼȴȥ֤Լǳ
ٴǱʶԼԡ
ٴƿ˴ӣ¥ȥ
˿û뵽ٴȻֱ¥ſڴ̨ĿٴƮƮڵϡ
ûˤϲӣҲûˤ⽴ôëһ˵ϡ
˿죬վ¥µٴ֣ô˵һȥˣ
ٴֻص˰칫ҡ
ղȥʱûʲôо
ٴԥһ£Ҿһ
ɹ̫ûò𣿡˿ʡ
ֱӴ¥ȥ𡭡ɲ࣬ǹܸɵ¡
ղɹ̫ˣû⣿
û¡
ٴҲǳ
ڽ֮ǰԼûǱֻҧֲ֮ȶ֮ŵõ
ѵֻʱ¶ҡ
ڳ˰ľȫ˵ˣкܶ಻֪£ٴʱԼǹʲôĴ˿ģΪʲô־С˵
ٴΪ֪ĻһЩ˵֮󣬴˿ɲ׹ʲô
ǰû˱ɹٴܻŻҰǹ
Ҿáпڻûȫתɹ֮ǰעƵҩҲûбɹڹȴˡ
ٴԼĲ²˴˿ɡ
˿ϸ룬ԾȻĿǰΪֹߵһ
֮⣬ʲô𣿡
С
ٴ֣ģһݼСˮ


57 
ҰһŲʵ֡
ʵֳþͺڵģۿںֱֵٺʲ
ʵֿǺܸ, ȴǴӦˡ
ǳȥ, ɱӸϽҡΪӦԸָ, ɱ׼˺ܶ԰ĵطһʲô, ٵҪŵ㡣
ܲȫ, һϾͽܲƵһεĵط
ʵֲ֪ȥˣ, ʱݷҫտ϶ǹɱӵפ
Ұһһ, ͱۿںֵ˷, ǵ˵ʲôֱ֮ǰ˵ҪҰһӹȥ
Ұһ֪ԼĲ²ġûзͲʵһ˳ȥ˸ۿںֵܲ¥
һڰ칫ҵģ˴˿ɻٴ
ٴųĺɫװ, ֻۿյģܱ߶ʱķ΢΢ζ
Ϻá˿ɼҰһкλͬ𣿡
Ұһͷ, λǲҲҵͬ¡ٴϣôˣ
ǰ챻Ϯ, ҩסǸ첲ûܱٴԼĽһ, ֻ˵Ҫ㡣
Ӧþǹy޲Լˡ
ǹȻˡ
ǱǸҰһЩǸ, ΪΪ, ưɡ
, Ҫл
ֻҪұɹעҩûܱɹٴһֱҰһ۾Ұһ۾ҵԼ뿴Ķ
ʧˡ
ҰһʲôӦûС
þȡ
ҵҩǷǳõġҰһЦЦڹϳˣӦûᰲȫܶࡣ
սһҰһֻǹʲô
ǲǶʵֺǺǲӦô
ʵֶԹĳѾ裬Թ˵⣬ǺõĹǻˮĹĵˡ
ֻҪԹĵˡ
ԲûгԹ˵Ĺ
˿Ȼ
Щ˶Թĳ޶ȡͬһ㡣
м˻Ҫ˱ɱ
ҰĻǻû뵽Թˡ
ô
ٴ̯֣нһСˮϿգûκε
ҰһıųЩ仯
ǣעҩֵ֮𣿡
ٴ˵ͷҩ룬Ӧû֪ô¡
ҩȷҰһģǳȷעҩ֮󲻻
ȵȣ
Ұһ͵ۡ
ѵΪɫ˰Ĺϵٴڹ
ҰһɫĪ⣬һѪȥоһµģӦòʲô¡
һy޲֮ӵ࣬ǾͲˡ
ϣҩǿԽһͨˡ
ôӣ
ҰһҧӤС۴ֵٴĸ첲ϳһѪǴִֵͷӲʵֶ˻侴Զ֮
ôֲȥ϶ˡ
ܺѪƱܺãȻͳԼıʣѸ첲κá
Ұһֻɫëڿл˸첲һɵĸ첲ʵõѾõĴп򵥴ֱٴĸ첲ϡ
Ǹ첲ٴĶϱ֮͹һһ㲻ʶûУٴʶûиоֻ½ӵĸ첲Լԭһģһ
Ұһһй֧ҩ˴˿ɣЩҩ֮ǰǵҩһģҪôʹҹܲţϣǿṩݸҡ
Ǹͨע𣿡˿ɿЦ
ϣҲῴͨע䡣ҰһɫŸۿںֵ֯µġ
Ǻֵ
ΪǺֵҰһ͸ۿںֵۿںֵȻǴͳĺֵȴĳЩ֯һ⡣
˵ĵߡ
ҰһǲͨעģıֱӸע俴Ӧڹȫû취ץǡ
Ǿֻ˶ʹСˡ
ɸۿںֵһȫʹ÷²ʵ顣
Щңںֵʵˡ
Ǻðɡ˿ǿӦ˲ͨʵ顣
һ⣬پ岻ɡ
Ȼᡣ
Ǻ£ôܻ˺أжҪȴûа취õ
Ҫ֪δ磬ǶôҪ
һ֯ûעڵ֮лʤģеʱߵǹؼԵġ
δۿںֵ˫ڡ
ٴŹãۿںֵͻͳһҲǲ
ҰһԺнмҵͷԷ籩
ѾȫԼԤϣ߰Ҳͷ
Ǿùy޲ҶͦõģЩȫy޲ҵ顣
ʵֱһӵҰһڣֲʲôֻôһʺŵ뿪ۿںֵȥʡ
һͨ˵õ˳ͨ˵ǻʲôҰһٴǹѪǾԼΪ𣿡
޲
ʵԥҡҡͷֵͷ
Ҳ֪ǲǺ¡
ҰһͷˣôӲɵ뷨ܿ뷨ͱ֮Ժ
ܽӴĹֻͯĥ
ͯĥֻвһһϹѧȻǻплļһȥҲʲʲôֻܰ䴦
һƷе˷ѡ
뿴޲ȥĳҪϺꡣ
ʵڲСͯĥնȥy޲ϹҲԡ
ʵֻʣҰһڵӣû˼˵
뿪ʻ˶
ڱܶȫʱ򣬲ʱɵʲô˵ȥ
ʵҲƨɺ棬øʲô͸ʲô
ڲɱֻøѧУ˵ʱҰһĻͿԣʲôùܡ
ҰһԭΪݷҫ߸һʵңеȫУһµʱ׼Ҫ豸ȫλŽҰһʹá
ʵָû뵽Ұһһֱʵ治֮ǰֻλ˵ҰһʵֱʳʱΪ⣬ڿļʶˡ
һʼʵΪҰһԷ÷֮ҵ
ҰһĲʵָϽȥˣҰһԴԭ˳
֮ʵֶûܽȥû취ֻ˷֮ѷ˷ŵſڣҰһȥԡ
󲿷£ֻǲͻڣʱһĵŷ˷ٱߡ
ݷǱҲʹǸʲôڵ֪Ұһʵҵʱ˵úչˣһжãصġ
ʵְû£ԼѵͳҰһ⼸죬Ӳⲻһ顣
öһƬĹŵսսģ϶ҳ͸ˣҹĶڲ
һУҲy޲ҿ
ݷҫյʵλѡĺãǹy޲ھסĵط
ڵǸҽ
˸ݼĹy޲ҿʵֵʱǲˬֵµĹԶ㡣
Ҫǰƾȥץ˵һóȻ֣пܻᱻ֣û´ĻҰһҲڸһʵûϵҪǵҰһ
ˡ
y޲װ֪Ѳߣʵʵĵһҽͨ˽ʶһλƯŮԡ
ߵ̸ۼ޵ĵز
޲Ҿһ࣬ͼñ˿
ʧˡ
Ϊռ鱨鱨϶еģܿͷ˹y޲ҵ̬ݵĲ֮
ӲţҽԺ濴ҲѴʵʵģƤ԰ףЩ
㱼ԼʶҰһ¡


58 
Ұһ֣ʵַǳǸ, ⲢԼˡ
ԶͨҪթ, ҲҪŹ, ÿŹĽԼ
Ͳˡ
ǰģڻѻ, ˳֮ûκ׷
ֶȫ˲źá
ʵֲκι, նɱʳ˹ʱвٹ˵ţҲǹת۾¶Լ, Ե޹·ˡ
Ǹʱʵ־ˡ
ǲŵġ
Ϊ˻ȥͳ, ʲô, ֻѶѣ򵥲ø۵Ļԣǿ϶Ըȥ
Ұһʱ, ҲΪֻһֻڻԣͼԼӿĹ
ΪĶˣʵֲŻ޶ԡ
ο, ԼǰֻпܳԼΨһ˵ĳ, أ
ںûɴҰһȷ࡭ֻǺͨˡ
ֲпǹ, ʵǶȻġ
ʵֱźȥҰһ˵һȥ֮, ѡ˺ߡ
ҷһпǹ, Ҫȥ鿴һ, Ҫȥ𣿡
ʵ洫˶ॵһ󼱴ٵĽŲ
Ű״ӵҰһժ»Ŀֹʵҵţ߰ɣ
ҰһЩ㲣Ȧ滹ŵĺȦȻǺܾûϢ
״Լϰߴ·ȴѺɫСӻ˰ɫĳ֯
߰ɡ
Ұһһǰ·
ݡ
ţ
û¡ʵǰ棬Ұһ̵ĲĽӡ
ִ·ƫƧһ˽ҽԺ档
ӦǸ˿ģҰһ֮ǰҲֵҽݣֻҵҽҽóǱߵҽ
ڻǰ죬ҽԺĴȴýģһⶼ͸ȥ
µĶѾˣϵӶŴͨһЩֻҽԺŴţȻȴԵüΪ졣
ʵҲûдɱӵƷǻƽԡ£ڹװģҰһΪļ
ʱ·ϼƻõģ˴˹ʶ
ԷǹĻֱץǹĻװʲôûзֱ뿪
𣿡ʵַҰһţźܿ򿪣һλʿӭ˽𣿲ʲô״
λʿǳͨϵϢͨˣһҽԺ棬ҰһͲʵ־͸оһԼԼ
ĳ֪Ľ䣬׼Ż
ʵֱ񾭣Ұһʶ߬ҰһΪڽţ
ңͷĿѣģ绹εҽԺһ¡Ұһ״ûбŵֻͷͷǳʹӡ
Ҫǲʵ֪Ұһõúһ㲡ûУҪΪ档
ʿҲƭ˹ȥӲʵӹҰһȥ˲Եȣȥмҽ
ʿڰٺҰһ֮Ŵż¼Ĳ״Ĳȥҽ
ĿǰΪֹҰһûҽԺκη˵
ǾҽԺ¶͸¶Υ͸С
ʵڲߵϣַϥϣֲֵ
ҽԺе
⻹Ϊ֮һθо
һθеôʱ򡭡Լͬնɱҵʱ
Լ޷ƥеĵˣ̫ˣȻԼš
϶й
ⲻƾϢϳģǳԵֱ
вԼǿ
ңǾֻпһǡy޲ҡ
֮ǰ˾˵սԶκһңûи˵Լȹˡ
ڵȴֹۡ
Ҫ뿪𣿡
ĸߣҪҪ뿪ʱ򣬲Ŵˡ
ո뿪ĻʿԼһǳҽſڣҰһǸΪҽ˿ǸҽЩ֣ô𣿡
ǲҰһʵ
ҽȴˣ벻ҪЦˣǵһμء
Ұһ˵ǲʱɱɱǺܴġ
ðĿͷᣬҽˡ
źɫһ̷ҽһòƽ۾ϴһɫ·˵ĸоǳŲʶֻǿһ۾øС
ɲʵڼ˵ʱȴԺеľһһķԶˡ
ˣ̫Σˡ
ʵֽӲŤͷ˶ߡ
˺ɫᣬϸµҰһ״ʱʱڱǵʲô
λ𣿸ءҽ˽յָ̾ѵÿһҽԺ
ԣǸܺá
Ұһս˲ʵֱֵָ֣ĦСĵİŲʵֵ
ʵʵ̫ˣŵЩע⡣
ҽͻȻζЦЦ
ʵֽҰһİǿٽӲĸľͷƵġ
Σ԰ȥҵ𣿡ҽԻʿ˵鷳ˡ
õġ
ҽ뿪űֹ֮ϢȻ
ŴҲĹţĹȫͷİ׳ơ
¶ȱ÷ǳߡ
ҽʲôأҰʵ
Ϊۡ顣ҽֱʲǰĿڴŲ忴ҰһҪúϢС
Ҫҩ𣿡
ʱҪ
ǿ뿪𣿡
ȻҽϳС
ŰһղŻºŵļҽְѲ嶪һߵϡ
ôҵҵģ
ʵɿҰһ֣վ˷ơ
ɼҽû᲻ʵ֣˵ˣܰɡ
ҰһҲƿ˱ӴӴʱ˵ʱѵҪҽ𣿡
ҽЦװ
㾿˭
ҽһ˵ӣǿķƣ任֮ȴӵаȴǺÿġ
㻹ϵ𣿡
ҰһϸĿ˿Ȼҡͷʶ
y޲Ұһô˵ʱüɺɫŭȼգôң
˭ΪʲôҪǵ㣡ҰһҲˡ㾿˵˵˭
y޲ҼҰһϵıüӣźݺݵĽͣǹy޲ҡ
䲻ˡ
ֻǾйǲ֪ԼŻԼȴֱӱ¶ݡ
еסʵֵĵ棬һͽʵָ˦˳ȥ
ڹy޲ֱӸʵһʹʱҰһ˲ʵǰ֧ɫıʣ̬ġ
y޲ҿһҪ𣿡
Ҳ˭𣿡
ҾһҪɱ
y޲߳ŭֳУĩ״ķУЩ׾ٵĿ˷ƵĲ͹ӣϡﻩһء
һ㵭ˮɫĤˣеĹy޲ҵвôȴôҲ̲ķ
ҪŲסˡҰһӵסСԲʵ˵˵һʹӷȥ̫ⷿСˣӲ
áʵָɴĴӦˡ
ڵȷôʵҲܣȷҰһţһ㣬ٲҲܽи̫
ʵСεӿ㡣
Բʵֺ
ʵҺ˷ֱ򴰻˳ȥ޲ҷֳһдʵ֣Ұһֵ
ʵֱײ˴档
濴ȥⶰҽԺȴģûС
ʵֶپãѻѻųȥȻԼٻص
ȴôȥ


59 
y޲ժ߰Ķ󳤳Ưڰ, װϵ͹л, ƲƵĹ, ĸ첲Ϻ϶ѿ˳żĿӣСɵķЩȥ, СҰһӺ°ڶ˹ȥ
Ұy޲šü, ѵ˵Ŀ𣿣
Ĺ·趯, ĵниõķ, ҡҡ׹, ˵ļдĴ
ﻹˣ
԰Ҫû𣿡y޲˵㻹ȽϺã
ҰһƿĽ뿪, ˹˼ɣͲ뿪Լ뿪֮, ΪԼ뿪ȥ
y޲Ҳסһ˵޼ɵ
ȻĻ
Ұһеıת˸Ȧ㿪y޲һԼ, ܼĹĶš
ҪȰ˾С
ҰһͲܷſִ, ҪԼ˵ˡ
ҽԺ˿ȫǲ, Щ˲ж, ΨһԱǵҽԺҲҡҡ׹
ʵǲֹۡ
y޲ǿ뷨Цһˮ͸ֽɵķ涸Ȼ˹ɫľʷ䡣
Ҳʧȡ֮Ľؽס޳ǡ
Ұһս϶Ĵţͼҵ֪صǣɹy޲ԶԼҪǿǶܾЩ˵ȥˡ
Զƽ̨ϣϢĳһλɫ۵Ůӣбãƺڿߡ
⴦ռĻңվڷϣҲڿռȻתվڵϡҪȥ뿪һ죬Լվ˵ϡ
Ұһ˦ᣬһֱھֺͲӾصһ˲뿪y޲ҵĹΧ
ȥЩʡҰһס
y޲иֳһ˿⣬ȴû˿ͣٵȥԾоʧҰһߵУŮѪһֱڷɲȴĶ˿ռ䷴תеƵһ·Ŀǰ
ô֪ߣյõսûвҪǿڳֻ֮ɲǲÿŮҪֿʱ򣬾ͻᱻһקӾôֲ
ֻ֪èֿƾҲزˣԾһֱû뿪Լߡ
ǰ͵ԼĽ͵һǣϺ󡣡
ֵ˵ͷ
ûлɲΪʲô֪ô࣬Ҳ֪Ϊʲôֻֻ֣ķȴôࡣ
ʵкܶʵģ֪ԼӦʡ
˾ͻỵ¡
ôġ
y޲ڲץֺͲȴܽԼȥǣŮ⣬ֲŪҽ˶鼧ú
Լ˿ȥ˵Ĳ󣬶鼧Ů˵֡
˹֣ҾҪԵ㣡鼧ڻʱŵɫ䣬ϰĺͷأڵ׽ƵһѴ̧֣ţһŽ鼧˵ϣ˵˭˹֣
˹ʶŮԵĹ֮ǿԭʮֵ鼧ʮ֣ȻѹŶ鼧̧ͷ
ϵĲֻĮĿһۣһͶ˹ȥ
Ǵ󲻹ҵġ˵Ҹط
ǿڲβϣ㲻ˣ
šͷϣҪдĻҾȳ㣬һ¡
ЩĶ
ɹy޲ҵǲΥġ
˼ʱ򣬲һɫذףǰذײ֮ȻεĽ˵ذϣĹȻȫ޷ѣû취ذ׸
ŲıӰ˷ܵЦֱӽذ׸ȫ˳Ŵӵ
˼ŷԼӦѾϵ˿ھȻһϵļûУкںɫѪδδ䡣
ⲻܣ
Ѿ˱ϲӶĵزˣԼ˿Ϊʲôûأ
סؿڣţֻصղԼסĵطǱɫذ׻Ϊɢ̯ڳֻʣһСѺɫĻҡ
޲Ҵ˻˲˵ˡ
Ƕųûáy޲Һ˽ҰһвûõģⱲӶҪ
y޲˷ܼˣȻҩǲ˵ѾҵƷ
ʲô
ɫ˰ģ֪İɣɫ˰Ҫ
ȷкܶɫ˰ȫľ档
ɫ˰Թy޲ôҪֲһֱѰɫ˰Ѱǧꡣ
Ұһ˸Ʋߣһɫ˰˰ҪĻðɡ
ɫ˰y޲۾һԭҰһĿɫ˰ĩ˵ĵҲֵ״
Ҫɫ˰Ҫķ
ô꣬ѵûȥɫ˰ֻڹеƷ֡һ߶һʵ̫ˣֲһǧ㶼ûаѹɱӸ
ɱӹy޲Ҿͺ޵ôһֱǹɱӸ鷳ȥɫ˰Ҳûüȥҡ
ûϵɫ˰ԼǰֻҪԼ˰ԼֿԳΪˡ
Ұһȴֻǵܣѹy޲뿪ʹѺĵطֺͲ㹻ʱͿռ䡣
Ѿɫ˰Ĺy޲ҵķ̶ȱҰһĻҪߣҰһڷֺͲ£һʱ챻һƺһǲ.
ҵĵж˶Զˡ
ôأ
еĴʹһջǵʹҰһһûվס
y޲ҵĶӵķǳ죬
ԭֻǲһֳ˿ڣ֮ѾʼǣҲشرýڣΪһĽ
˵ҰһѾҲ֧ˣÿһһʹʵû취ֻܽԼھͯĥ
ǻ
ƴһΰɡ
ͯĥַסҰһָ״Ұһ˿ûסЦϵִЩ
ǺþûмǧСˡͯĥվôǧС㡪Ӧûζɡ
ͯĥy޲Щ⣬ûΪʲô
ԼѵĹy޲ҷǳŭ
ȻǧСĸҿһֱľ~ڣҺúء
ͯĥɫԡ£ǿʽͷҰһģҰһͯĥÿ˷绯Ը·Լһ¡
ڣ·ȻǴ̼˹y޲ҡ
ʵ
Ұy޲ѹסŭҾͲ׷Ĵˡ
ܹ˵һĹy޲˵ֻѾǺܴˡͯĥô˵Ȼ룬ܲӡ
һô˵ţһſӵסy޲Ҵ̹С
ǧСһôңҲʲôһҲ̫ðɡ
ֻĹҰһҲԼô˿ﲻãǧСҪôأһȥô


60 
Ұһʵûôϣ
ͯĥ쵰һױһףԼͯĥгжĵĳɷ, ֻû뵽ԼȻĶ˶ѡ
ȻĿϱԼ
ϵ˿ڱĥʹˡ
ͯĥ, Ҫ𣿡
ذҲ, ֮ǰӦǧС~޲ҴҰɣ֮һٻȥġ
Ұһͯĥ, ץӣң
ûû, ôŪǧСĸأϲǧС㻹~ֻǺ˵һܡ
ˣy޲޿̣ȻͯĥԼĻ, Ǿֻɱˡ
õӾͶ, õĹ߾ͳ١ǹy޲Ҿɵ¡
ͯĥ, ͯĥȥͯĥȴЦеֶĵЦݶҰһЦûõûõûõ, ҿǳҩġ
ͯĥһѾվҰһҰǧСҵҩ
Ұһͯĥҩ, ͯĥԼѡ
Լû뵽ͯĥȻѡҩ, Լࡣ
˵
Ұһ죬𾪵˵
Լ֮ǰڿҪҪһС, û뵽ͯĥԼͰԼŵװˡ
ʱ, y޲Ҳŷ, ͯĥ۾, ʮµֲ֪ʲôʱʧˣƤҲʱɫЩ۵ɫɫĳָ׶ûˡ
Ҫĵǣڹʧˡ
Ϊʲô
y޲ͫ׵ĶͯĥҰһҰһɫ˰y޲ҿԼͯĥͯĥתͷ
ô~ͯĥ˳ӵĵͷȴҰһһĻʶڣüëˡ
óԡ
Ұһ˹y޲ҵĹԹĿζµóԵĸ˦ӣҶӶĵɫy޲ӿȥϸıڶӵĻӶy޲ҡ
ڱ֮ͯĥȻʹѪ
ͯĥŵʱ򣬹y޲Ҳ⣬ǿͯĥڱ֮ʹѪ֮Щˡ
Ϊʲô㻹Ѫ
ڲǹӦòܽѪ˰ɡͯĥͷ˼Ǹʲôţ𣿱ĸоŶ~嶼ˡ
ˣͯĥսʽҲ˲١
ɲȹڴΪ˵ԼԼĶʱûжģҰһ˶ԼôȻΪΪܵӰ졣
ҰһͯĥߵܣǴܲˣȹɽҪƣûа취óԼҩ
ҪŶŵġ
죬ˡҰһֻԼĻûбƳҩɫ˰֭
ֻϣɫ˰ܹԹy޲ҵĶذԼӿĶų
ҰһεԹܵӣһС֭ҺȫԼ˿ڴ
ӵĺɫڽӴɫ֭ҺʱֹͣӣȻȿֺĴ˿ӿ˳ȥѪ˽ķۺɫ
ⲻǿǻҳ
ͯĥһ˵ţһ˦ҰһĲ
Ұһͯĥ˳ȥûصʱ޲ҵһоֱӴ϶ҰһҰһֻø첲һ¡
ǿԴ̴ǽڵжҰһֱۣҰһҲϣڵϹ˼ȦֱײŲͣ
ͣ£óжǽظ첲һϣȻñѸ첲˼Ȧ
ͯĥ͹y޲˴ҰһץԼ첲ԼʧѪ൹
Ů޲Ҵ
ѴŮһҰһŵĵطͻأһţжҰһӵذֱӵȥ˲֪ĵطͶ鼧ԼֺͲ󣬾ȻҲƾʧһۼ
Ů㵵۾ζվˣҰˣ
ʲôy޲һȻŭջֳղҰһʧĵطͯĥҲֹͣ˹ȴվԭûж
ѽ
Ǿû취ˡ
ͯĥڳΪļ޳ǣȻ֪뿪ķ
޲һŭʱͯĥ͵͵뿪޳ǡ
Ȼڿʱͯĥԥˡ
Լı𣿿ɹ̫
֪
ֻ׷޲ңź̤⵱С
ǡůġ
ͯĥվģһûбˣ̧̫ۣͷ̫
ͯĥ
ֻȴģ֮⣬йɱӡ
һֱҲڵĲʵֺ͸ԱǣΪʲôͯĥվ£һԵİԼĹ˳ȥ
ǳûк¡
ڿ࣬ΪʲôҪأͯĥ˦ס˲ʵֵĹǹɱӲֻɱɱô
ǹɱɱǳ˵ĶȻѾˣ㷸µĴǲʧģ
ǹɱĺְͯĥüȴ͹ɱӶϣʵû취ôġͯĥ˵ǧСĺζŶ~
ϵζ
ʵִסˡ
Ӧ뵽ģΪʲôҰһͯĥɹ̫
Ұ
Ѿأңǹy޲ҡͯĥţŲʵֵĹܹо׶˵ķŭȴ޷ⲻʵΪʲô
ϵǺܲΪʲôѵǿĲŶô
ͯĥ벻ͨ
ǰйɱӣ滹޲ңͯĥȴ֣ܿͲʵִڡ
ŭҪ費ʵֵͷԣڰûԼΪʲôҪҰһĻ뿪档
ԼУûнҲ˹y޲ҵļıֿһ˴ôΣյĵط
Ȼһ˹Ԯȥ
ȻͯĥѾˣǾͲǴˣþȫ˿ڣȻɣ
ʵַ˺ݣϹĶʿǸ޷ȼսֻܱų潹ĵȴš
ѻܿͽʵֵԮϢ˸ڵ֪Ұһy޲ҳ֣֮˵Ϣ֮еԼͬʵǱ߸ϡ
ҶûúԶȫ·֮£ԭСʱ·̵ʮӡ
ǸϵʱսѾ˽֮С
ͯĥսȻǲСǱˣǰ󿪴ϵսʵҲǲʵֿԱġ
ܹϵڣȫǲʵƴܾ˵˼һֱţѾѪˣأ̧
ëĽͯĥؿڣͯĥһ¶˺λݵĽֻ޷ϰԼ˲ϵ壬ʶýһûȫ㿪
ô£λݼڲʵߣԼϴҩ˲ʵ֣òʵֳʱ˿ڰһ¡
ǰҰԵˡ
λݵĵòʵֵ״˲٣˵棬ʿҩ
ͯĥҲдСС˿ڣľɫͷҲմѪģλһȻҲŤͷܡ
֧ԮˣסڵԼο֮
ٲ߾Ҫ
λݵٶϿ죬ͼͯĥĹҲٵֻǿӣ׼౻ʱ˵ĵط
ͯĥԼŵζѪͷҲûأֱתİƴӭ˺λݡ
֮֮ҷ
еֱʹԼоĺͻ̷ǳǿһԻԴҧ˰߸׷ͯĥ
Ŷѽ
һ̴ͯĥĲӣû˵꣬ſֻܷպյķðݵѪˮཹུǺͲӵ˿
ǡٻ
ûõŶѾǹˣٻûõġ
û࣬౻вǻİɡ
ѣء
ʱĸ
Щڳҩô죿


61 
ȸƽᣬ޳źȸ, ƽֳˡ͡
˵ƽ, ɶķٳ̶ȿԶԶܱȵ, ǽݵĹ򣬶ƶ˼ĵط
, ƽ⡣
ͬˣסڳıסƽҪõö, ƽʾϱȸ޳Ƿָ, ɶ·ָ, мһ, ʦĽŵġ
ڻʹ֮УŰ˳󱣻ƽڰյĽ
ס˼, ˳Բ֮⵹Ҳصɥ֮ڣһǽ֮ƽ֮, ȴҪԼǲǻ챻ֻǹԵ
ƶĿ־, ˳ÿһأȴǹϲ, ڻһһ֡
Щڰû, Եıĳ, ֻľĿ, ȻԼ¡
ƽⶼӣοɽľ
ɽֱֵľסҲ޴ȥˣҲû취
࡭ָֻεɮ˻ʦа
ôƫƧĵطɮ˻ʦأʦһ߸ϣôܻ𽵹ĵطɮˣҲôƫƧĵط
ڴһһʧʱҲֻε̾Ȼôô
ûǮȥʦħûֵķӣȥأ
뿪ضûˡ
ԱʧٵƵʣһʼһһһһ󣬾Ȼһ
ӲҲֻʮˣһȥﾹȻֻʣ˲ʮˡ
ӣڿʼˡ
ʧʮˣô˵ʧô˻̻̲һľǡ
ɽʧǲġ
ǰ֮ϾͻصţòϯɵŸƲʲôֻʤޡ
ӻҪòܹȥأ
û֪
ڣ׳޷ĵˣ㼯ŸӵȥǸ˵־
Ҳܺ£ƴһѵĻ
Ҳ֪ǲǹģֺֻܿͳߵУҲûж㣬ôվ
һֻ׸ߵľ޴֩룬Űֻ۾ֻ֩ϳŷĵ̣һ¾ܱնڵ
֣ʮֶڶһ˿һĶ־
̫ˣм칶ǹˣҪ
ŵʳòȥˡ
ָ֩˵֮󻹵δοˮƵĸʴΧغֲ֪Ҫ䵽ϣƼӾûˡ
סغˣ֩벻ϱƽʱڿƲסŤͷܡ
֩ȴֻǵǣȲߣҲûֱһڳԵűǵĿС
ϾôģҪҵһ飬Щ˿־黹ʳԼƷʳֶΪأ
ֱˣҲܲˣ֩ҧĩβˣֱӽȥ
ͬ鱻ԵĲ״ԭѾûЩ˾Ȼ˲žɽܡ
ɽʦþأ
֩ôƵĳԵںļˣٽɽŵʱˣſ죬ҪʣµȫԽ
һɾ޴Щ˹ȥץߵҲֲס֩ǲһһı
컹һˣһĸˣֻһҧһ֣ʣµĲ֫ϱۻȫ˵ϣе˻ûֻʣ°ڵ䶯š
˳Ȼûˡ
գۼ䣬һֵַʮ棬ֻʣˡ
֪һǡ
ʱһɫĹϣϣһֱں׷ǵ֩Ҳɫסһʱˤڵأĵ涼
һɫӰɽţƺڿлʲôһƾճֻ֣֩룬֩붯ã˸ʵʵ
ֻһ֩Ӳ׶ʱķѣȳīɫѪҺɽϵЩȴûܵһ㱡Ĥ
ȵʱЩ̶ϵ˲ſ˾˭
һźɫСӣƤѩҪףͷõīҪں˳ûϹѧ벻ʲô佱ĴֻǾ˱Լ˼Ҫÿôһۣ궼Ҫˡ
ûˡ
߹·йĻڷ⣬ȻǳеĹүŴ·
ûûµġļĿİͰͣƮǵͨ죬쿴ؾǲҿҰһ
û£Ұһڵϰߡ
һǵɡҰһ˵ǡ
ǡ
˵ˣ°ֱӶˣοЩصģֻʣԴЩûˣôأ
ɿ˵ֶΣоأ
ǵĿʼϽʣµģΪ֫ȫƴϣѾԽľûʲô취ˣֻܰʣµȫһ
ֻҰһóһ˺ɫıʣ֧ͨɫֻбʼëɫġ
ëʵıʼպһĨɫϣʬпڴͿĨһ֮󣬱ҧϵ֫徹Ȼһνˡ
˾㵵Ŵ죬Ŷ˶Էľȡ
ֻǽʬǸıڿлһ˵ͷǿǸͷݣֻǸͷӿͳǾͷʬϣǸԲĹͷѾȥ˵ͷҲͷ˳ԭòһģһϵ˰Ҳԭ
ԭΪֻһλʦ˲Żȡ
û뵽ڿʦ·˼
һʱ˵߶ûǿȱ첲ȵͬۿɼĺ֮ǿҰһǱüΪȡ
Ұһǣ֪Щ˵仯ֻʹԼЩ˻ָ
ҲﶼǿȻľȲˡ
ٻʹԼϾЩʵ̫ۣҺҡ
˵ڣ˵ԭĺУһ¶ȥͻᱻ׷޷Լ֯Ļͻᱻ׷ɱ
ֻʦ֪ʦΪ˱Լֻ˵˶֫ʧȥֽŴ˿Իָȴû˵
ȻҲģ10ӣһҪŵִˡ
2ܺôɣ1ǳѡ
ںҰһͬʱܵ˺ֱҰһȣȻ޷10֮ھ͸ϵ
ҲǸɣʱʱһҲǸոǸ磬˹Ϯӣ󲿷ֵĴûոȥĴҲûг10ӲҪš
ҰһǾȻĸ
ǳԼļʱȻô޹˾ȥһǳûڡ
ֱȫɣҰһ˦˦֣ë
ԭڵʧȥ˺ЩҲ۾ŵĿա
ԼȻû
ǸղŲǱֻ֩̽ΪʲôԼڻܻţ
ԭΧҰһЩˣͨһˢˢĹڵأڵϣϻ̳ϿֵĽţˣ
ҲʲôֻǸͨ˶ѡҰһҡͷִȻѾްұ뿪ˡ
һ£Ϊ׵˸ϽеʲôأΪ޽磡
˵ֻͨˣҪҰһܾ޽磬Щ¡
˶٣ʵڵĻʵۡʲôأ
Щֻҡҡͷ֪ڵĻʵ۽ʲô֡
ҰһٳٶۣЩϴ·Ҳ֪Լ˲˵ĵط
ִԽһΰɣ


62 
Ұһʵ˼Լһʲôĵط
˴ԺʹʱڣԼӦôڵʱŵ·ͬ, ӵƾɶҹҲ̫һ
Ҫ, ˵ĻδЩһ, ڹҪӼɬѱ档
ڽ, ܹͨѯʸĴ﾿ʲôط
ȻõǾɽĻش
ʸ⣬ЩɽҰԷȴû취ش, ǹһھͺˣﻹоĹҴ, ҵʽʲôֶ֪, Ұһ֪Щ߰Ķ
ûа취, ҰһֻܴǱЩˣԼһȥطѰࡣ
Լ޳ǵʱڶɱʱȴԶڰ֮ľ
ӵпռ䴫͵
Ҳǲܽ͡
Ұһ뿪ɽ, ɽµС·һֱ˳ˮǰߣߵ˽ˮߵһСС䡣
Ĵ䲻ɽϲݻƳɵ෿ӣľͷĸһЩľͷ, ҲɽϵЩһǱ
˼һ¡ҰһȷԼûвĵط֮ǰѯʣںӱϴ·ŮǼҰһ֮ȴЩĪĻ̿, ƺǳ¼
Щ֣ȴھǻ10׵ĵطͣ˽Ų
ʲô𣿡һӱȽϴĸ˿ʵ, ǴѾûµĿ, ûа취Ӽˡ
˵ʵ, ӿɽϵĴҪúܶ, ʱ򣬼ûļܹ¿Ը˳ԵʳڳԵĶҲǲɳӵĴֲСװˡ
ҰһĴʦ·ӸЩʳ
Ұһȱʳֻһھʲô
Լ϶ִԽˣֻԼڲ֪Լʲôֻ֪ʲô֮ſԾԼһĶ
ʱɲʱȫ͡ʱȻйڣǴ󲿷ֵǲõԼİȫģȴһÿ˶ڻֲ̻̲̿գһͻȥһԴҲûôģ͸ų⡣
Ҳ⣬ϾǲϤˣ೤ҲǺõģûо֣ǾֵǰʾԼûж⣬ֻǴһЩ£Ҫǵʳ֮ͻˡ
ô˵ںӱϴ·ĸŷЩҰһ߽Щ˵һ߽Ǿ͸ִˡ
ղŸԶûܿҰһò߽ȴҰһĴŴ磬Ϊò𾪡
ǳǸԭǸղŵʧ񡣡
λϴŵ·ӶⱲûĸ߼ýŵǻƺ趯޵ĲϲǴ·еĹĵ˶⡣ɫûѹסҰһ˵òĵɫòѤ
λһǴӾĹӣһǳȨƣǵﲻˣղŶλ˵Ĳͺµû޲ùԭ¡
Ĳôн£Ҳûж⣬ֻЩ¶ѡ
ЩӾͿԿʱ׼ѹǷǳԵģΪͨ˵İһϲ˵ʱʶڳ̬ԼС˵ʲôͻᵣĶԼ
пΣա
һʼƲʱпǰƸꡣ
Ұһһʼ²ǽʱܿͱƷˣսʱֱƷˡ
ܲʱɡ
ʰɣһ֪޲ԡСĵ˵ֻһͨˣ֪֪ܲĴ𰸣˳ź߾͵ƽˣǱˣҪĴ𰸡
ƽ
Ұһû뵽ԼȻܹƺΪʱѾǼˣƽ֣ˣǧǰ
ô֮ǰҪôȥأ
ҲЩ˵ĿеõõϢӾͳ˼ͷֽţ˵ϣΪǸԼشı꣬лĽѾõ֪Ĵ𰸣ЩΪ꣬ǡ
˵꣬ƿЩˣӴӺ˳ź뿪
λټҰһıӰʱϽȥҰһµĶ
һһһ4ɵţģûгԹ۵Ů˷ܼˡ
˼ĺӻɷȴֲԼˣǷ괧ԼŻؼ֮ԼӻɷһųԵ
λĵǸղ̬ȾȻûķС
Ŀ֮ҰһнٶȾͱˣӦþѼںӽεĵطǾӦýƽסŰԼͨˣӳƽҲҪܼ飬ʲô˶ܽڵġ
ҰһŬ˼ԼѧУϿʱѧϰʷ֪ʶӼҳһЩ޹ؽҪĶ
ԵĻҸѯʣȥͨˣ˵ѯ˾ԼǶŵ˵ЩȨƵˣԼҲ
ܽڳǵĻкܶͲ֤ԼؼҵĿԾ˼֡
ڵձƳŵʦ֪Խʱյķ
Ҫȥ
Ұһ˳ź˾ʱľԶķ֣ʯ·ûУȫʵĵ·һͻŢˮ
ڵձѾǳˣȷʯ·ģʯ·ڳڣƽ档
վôһСͿ˶أдȸԹĹźνʦǣ
ǶԵϵʬ⣬½ǣƿ˵ϵʬ壬Լ·ЬӣЩڵͨˣڼҰһ֮ҲսսԶ˺ܶࡣ
ܹôƤôѣͷ⸱ںŨܵӣȻǸ
ĴǴСͽϰˣвעͻǣŭǣ򶪵СЩ˱Ŷһ²һ£Ǽ˲ƵԶԶģ˵ҰһϢˡ
˵Ǹһֻ張ʵϰʦȥ鿴λҪƤҩӣóʱץס
Ұһվ·ʱȸ߳λʦ̸ŤͷˣԷڲҰһ֮󿴹ȥȴûסˡ
ʣ˵İʲô
ҰһһʼûӦʲôôһʦϽһ£һԹ֣ΪóªԼʳúÿˣڳΪ֮ͻȥ˺úÿ˵ƤҰһȰһ䡰㻹ǸϽǰɣƽΣգһôأ
ĵĲ޵ֻڿ˵ʱҲҪУֻõƤҲν
ҰһЩòǳƽ˵ڱƳҲַڵĴʦ
òˣʲôĲݰƽҲһ·˳죬һ·߹ٰɡ
ǿֲءڱʾһ֮ҰһͰѰֺԼǸ˺š
־ûʱһѾʧ
ƽϲƽͨ˵ĶԼŭùֵõӶøǿֶƽʱڡ
Ϊ࣬ʵֵ鲢˽⣬ֻΪȥһЩⷽ飬ֲǣҲ´֣ʷʵҲر
Σأץȥɣ˳ʦıܹᰲȫЩ
ǲûоҰһǸûݵͨˣҲ󲻵ܴͨôε
ָļҵĹ̰ӳܳ
ǻҪȥǱ߿һԵĻֱӽ£׸bݷˡλʦ˵
bݷ󣿡
㲻֪𣿷ּҵλ岻ã˵ðƤҩĻãȻǲŲ뿪ȥôԶĵطҰ


63 
bݷʵ޷Ұһȥ⣬bݷҫ˵, Ȼǳbݷһǧͣظܹy޲ҵ׷ɱ, ǧľ, ǵıˮbݷ
Ҳ˵ʱڣǮbݷҫʱ
Ҳ˵Ǹʱ, y޲Ҳծbݷġ
ôʦ˵ģҪðƤҩĮbݷ, ǲǾǻûбɹĹy޲ң
ȫû뵽ԼȻջ
ԵĻ, Լھȥѹy޲ҶɱҡҲǿԵġ
ܿͷ뷨
ΪڵĹy޲һûбɹ, ڵĹy޲йy޲, ϵɱҲԽǧȡ
ҰһôΪĻҲȥǸ
ˣλʦСĽе
˼ղŷ˴, ȥһλˣЩأ
ھͽκأ
һдƽʱͽôδĴҾͲᾭЩʹ, Ҳ޹ȥ
Ǵλ˵ĻĴƸҽȥֻƢѶ, ûиõҽȫɱˡλʦȰ˵㻹ǲҪ˻ˮ, Ǹò˼ʱͻ᳹׿, ˶˵ѾŲ˶ˡ
˵ûܻŵ⼸һɡ
ҡҡͷ, ǱҰһ, Ҫȥץ
ֻǷ£԰ѰλǰȻǲ»ᱻǣģǿҰһûʶԣֿȰ˵˼䣬ǲҪˣһͲˡ
ҰһЦҡҡͷֻЩ棬ллǵĹģһעġ
鱨ҰһͱҪȥһƽڳǡ
Ҫy޲ȻκĲӸԴϽ⡣
Ƚ֮취صδ
ڻŽȥѣܹȸ˻ϷǸҪôǴƷʦŮ
ڲȷϰʱҰһ治óȻȥ
Ұһ֪վ·ߵԼǶôע⣬λʦ뿪֮󣬹һվ·ߵ·˶͡
ͬΪôأֻҪͺˡ
ʱ翪ţ֮¼ֲ֣вٹǷ֮¡ֻǶҰһϴŵİ·óȻȥ
ܴ·ָļҵĹ壬ȫû˭ҵСȥ롣
ʲôЦܹϸƤͷôǱ⽻أ
ûͷȴЩǵͷҪй˳
Ұһ˼һû鱨ԼѴǽڳȥѲԼֻܱװȥ
һ뵽ԼЩŮװͷˡ
ԼԵݻȥ첻ȥĻǾֻŮԵݡ
ܽȥĻã¾Ǹһ
ƽ𣿡һţţ˴͸϶Ұһû
ûСԴҡҡͷӴĹһЩҲЩ˼Ա
ŮʿôţôʶǾŵ˽⼸֣ھ۸ӣҪϣԸͷԴ֪ƽеϺŵļûôһˡ
һǰԻʮ̵ӡ󣬾Բֹܳûӡ
ǾǱĵطģĵطû˵꣬Դȴ˼
ڵձƽ֮⣬չĶô˵ܹ𴩵·ļ塣
ţҰһǰͣ£һ̧ͷȥǡúͰߡ
Ҫһȥ𣿡˵Ӧȥɣȴû·ȥ𣿡
һδϸİˣȴ̹ȻĿһԼطƽһԼʵţһʹϵ
ڲƽ⣬Ưɫֱҹеĵƻһ
˰ԣ˿˿ɢľһһĽɢֻŵǹµ泩ҹƣһɨա
Щӵ˿˲ǿòͨжһ˵Ը
δһ˵Ըɾ⵽ֵزԴһ˿
ϸȥܵһ˿˿΢ɲĽɫСôһɫôһɫ˵ǳ£˵
ǲõпõΪ顣
԰ŻҰһһϳ
˼֮ˣû˻ġ
ҰһûжЦ˵ҵǰӦ˵ҰɣҲʲôģ뾡Ҵȥ
֣Ұһƽһ˿һ۰Ȼƿţʧ˵ߵС
˰֮⻹һŸβӢˣĿҰһְ˸棬Դš
ǺáҰһ
øһЩֹһ˵£ʦ־ͻֹסİġ
ȻҲпΪձǧ԰Ƴ磬ð޽ӽ񣬶˵һ覵ģԲ˺˵
Ұһѡһѡ
ȻĶˡ
ȷȤְûԼҪǵɣ張ţûбֱӷǽȥ
ǵȸҲƽڳǡ
Ҳ֪ǲǴڴŵһɲЩǵĿ˲٣ҲĻɫĳγ
ƽʦĽ籣ټĻ֣ƽǲֺ͹ģЩŻоˡ͵еطȥʱûŵĵطĻҼסһʱ䡣
±˵ҰһˣԴҲ򰲱ʱӣЦһĪ⣬λҰӦòܳʱ䣬Ȼʱ䲻ҲûбҪðһլӡ
֪ЩʲôأҰһ̲סʵ֪֮ϾǿѾģɰȴ֪ʲô
㲻ʱ˲𣿡˵ҹ󣬷ΧһѵͻȻһ뾿ʲôʣɽ֮Ҿǿǵָʲô
ΪʲôΪʲôȥѾȫˡţͣ˰լſڣԴţĸߴ󣬱ǲĳЩڣ֮ͣһľҰһĲǰ
˳ҾȻȥˣ˳԰˵һֿһҰһŸ뿪Ź·βһ˦һ˦ģ
߰ɡָԼլӵĴţԼϢ֮ұȥҮbݷ󡣡


64 
Ժӳϵ壬װҲô, ֻǼ, Ƿǳĸɾ
ǰ, ԺҲûˣֻмɫֽʽԺɨҶ, ǵӺСŸɨҲͰƴ, ݺݵɨԺҶӣһͰЩҶȫ, ֱ׾ȥЩɢҶһһŵļȥ
ǳĿɰ
ڼûˡ˵, Ӧܵȥ˰, ʲô𣿡
Ұһͳһᣬװˡ
װ˾棬ֻҪûж, ͿܲᵣûõĶ
ֻΪпװʲûзϡ
ȱʲôĻ͸˵, ȥ
̫鷳ˡ
ҲˣܹѷҵˡЦе˵, Щ˵Ķԣ㻹ǾڳǱȽϺ, ûнı, ׳Ϊֿеʳ, ڵֿɲʲôĽɫ, впΣա
ҿܺóԵ𣿡ҰһɻϣǷǳͨζѽ
̿˵ˣҶ̲סϵһЩִŻᱻˣЩִŶᱻ㲻ԾСҲǳϲ㡣ѵСûвԼ쳣𣿡
ҰһҡҡͷСʱٳţҲӴʲôС֮ģԳˣӴҲʲôˡ
ѽЩ֣ҿǰʲô𣿡
άΰĹҰһ֪ôԼְҵֻ򵥵ıȻһ£Ӵ˶ɱĻ
ǹֲá
ĻҰһϵĹ¾ͿԽ͵ͨˡ
ͷɱ˵ķˣ൱ڼӾ˺ܶ˵Żõ˵Ĺ
Ұһȥ˿ͷȻҵĽҰһӡǣӡǣҰһͿҵĴŶᱻ
һݽΪλbݷ޲ңҪ׼Ǹ˿ܲദ
ҰһȻ֪y޲жôԹͨ˵ͨԸΪ죬ǳԴ󣬿¾֪ˣһֱڲͣĸ˱ɱնɱ֮⣬оһֶǱԼġ
ƾɱӣôƵĸ»
ʹҵĶǹy޲Ҿ¡
ôѾܸмˡ
ʵҲЩΪʲôһҪȥҰһ˲裬һͷ㣬ϴҵʱҸʵѾ˶ˣȴһ˿ײþȴֲӦùҲЩ²͸
Ϊ˻ȥʲôҰһ˵ִǳֲݵ顣
Ǳ𣿡
ԳΪְɡ
Ұһô׵͸¶δ򣬡ұɱģڵûɱˣûа취ڵ֡
вȫǸιҽЩβһŭ֮¾ȫɱȥɱĻҲǲС
ڻࡣ
룬ɱĻȾɱģϾڻѵĳ̶ȣôĹ»ᱻȻûʲôӰ죬ԺҪٵõͺˡ
ҲЩֻЩ֪ô졣
κɣĿǰӦѡ񣬲ʷδеһжı䣬ǹƽϿġ
һҰһȻ֪ģҲ֪ԼڲֵĻδһʲô˶ʧʲôı䡣
Լһy޲ңδyвңǸزԼôŬҲûʲôá
һԡ
ӦֹģıδɲС¡
ɰֱⲢһ¡
ȫȥ
ûֹҰһڴδı仯
ֻϧԼôԺˣȻĿԿһ±ıδʲôġ
ʽȥbݷּ˰Ǳߺܿͻţ˵ȥ
bݷ޲յ˰İʱҲǳ죬ǰŸ߰ҲԼ̣ΪʲôҪԼ
ʱԼ˵Ļ𰲱˵ǸԵˡ
ѵǰѾҵ
bݷ޲һ־ҵĿһϴ˸Ͻȥ߿ȳѪˮ
ȥ˵Ժȫɨһ顣޲ڻ֮ǷԸ
ҪɨĴѵôһΣķ΢Щ·紵ĺֶ޲һס
޲ҵǼѾԼ뿪ߵĳ档
òһֱڴһ졣
һϾҪˣôܲأ
Ϊ˷ܣ޲ҲҰ׵ѵøֳһ˿쳱˲٣ŮŴ߳ȥԺæµӣûסЦ
bݷˣô뿪洵ˣ
ŰɫֱµԺ޲ҴʧɫĲܴѽ
޲ҿһԼڵҽѵøһɫֻǳ͸͸¡
ҽȴһΪѡ
ˣҷԸôˣ
Ѿʦȥץˣ֪ܲܰԣͿԸβˡ
޲ҺһҪûõĻҾҩӡ
⻰˵Ĵ亹ֱðͨһ򵽵ϣһŬΪβģ¡
Ѿˣϣ㲻Ҫʧղ黹޲ΪľٶֱüƳ˴һۣ˦Ůֻص˷
亹ֱðվ
ֻϣԼƫ΢һλ˵Ĳ֢ʵڲо뿪ƽ
Ůûпֻҡҡͷȴ̾һ˦뿪
ȵϵʱ򣬰լۡ˲Ұһˣȴûȥ
ֻǸˣ£ԼǲҪȥΪá
ֻû뵽ȴˣҰҪһ𣿴ҪΪлӭء
Ұһ֣ţſڵĳ˰֮⻹ЩС֣ǺĿҰһߴߴ˵Щʲô
ܹƽŵȫǰʽЩʽ·ܵƽѹƣҲɵĳƽ档
еʱ˲óȥʽͿ׵뿪ƽȥңԶĵطѰЩϡ⡣
һЩֲϲƽѹƣ˰ٻ֮ʱ䶼Լţֻ찲Ƕ˹˵Ҫӭѡ
ǱǲмڼνѵģǰǰҪǻǹˡ
͵͵ģɧҡ
ǸլԺʱͲ˲Ծĵط
ѵǴ𣿡̲ˬʵ
ЩֺѺദܡ
Ǹࡣ֮ǰͣɲҪ̫ʧˡ
Ҫܲܵõҵĳϡľô˵ʵѾӦˣֻǲϳϰˡ
ҪӦԺ׼ȥЦء
ľһһǧʧˡ
ֺƲһĿҲԭֵЩϲ
С־ûʲôˣӵŰһǼͷߡ
ǺϲǸϢ
һĸо
ǺϲѣܹѾͺˣ
ӭ᣿ǲЩʣҰһס죬̫鷳ˡ
ô᣿Ҷ㣬ĴǻصĺþŶջ󵽣ƵζѰζ
Ȼô˵ˣҰһֻܳӷԺ
߰˵ڸмΪǿҵˢˢϣҰһɽҪʼҽܾͱӵס죬˵ԼϾͺˡ
СɫͷڵһյƵȨŮҰһתһȦƽʲôʱˣ
ǴδĿˡܵŻˡ
δ
ҰһЦЦ
ǹƺܿͻȥˡеǰƮһ㣬ȴճҰһ˺δĹ°ɣţ


65 
ҰһӴʵֺֻͲ󣬶Ұһͨûʲô, ֻǶԼԺܴ
⻹һμֺͲ֡
ʵ, ǰҪȤĶࡣ
Щֻ˺ܾ, ԶȲ20ҰһþãЩľʤ, ҰһʱľʵĶࡣ
е˵Щ¶ԡ
еƱռµ֣Ҫʲôʲô, ʱֻȾգ˵θڵ, ֱղܵ
ȻСӰɡ칷óԱߵĴľһ, 20ꡣ
20ѾȢ, ûЩʲô16кˣ20˵ѾܴˡľһҲˣİ칷ĳ, ûкӲŲ
20ҲûкءӻЩüһﲻҲûн𣿡
ֺɲһľ˵ܻǧ, Ҳֻܻһ꣬ⲻܱȵġ
Цҡͷ
Ұһ֮ǰǻܵò, ڳ֮Ȼܾ˵ô໰Ȼǿʼ
ҲԤϷΧ֮ڡ
ô˲ﶼܻӭ, ֱòΪ, ֻҪʵȥǾͻƯò, ˵òʱԸƤ, ҪҪܵĻ˵ġ
ǿʵ
ټƽܹЩϵ˾ֻаһ
ԴҲһЩ
ڰҰһܸǣҲ˵ϣǿ԰Ұһ
ڲΥԸ΢һæǿԵġ
еŮֽܵľ͸ˣСΧҰһһȦǶԸļҳ̡
ҪȾƲų
ЩʲôʱԣһȾơľҰһѵ˾Ƶľƺ˵˵δʲôģ
Ұһ֯һ˵ڴһǧԺ棬ܹĲֺֻҲ࣬оһֽɻĶϷ裬һʱԽ̫ƽ󣬵һ½
ϳƹ֮⻹Ĺ𣿡
ȻУҲֻһձֻһձ֮ŷǳ磬ῴͬ˵ŲͬԣĻʶԶֹôԵĻһͦȥƹһġ
Ұһ˵ʵʵȥƹһʱƹֵʢʱڣḻѤõĹŵĻһֱҰһĳֻȥۿһĻԴС
ôѽ칷֪̾ҷжòܵһҡ
ձƹ·;ңԶн700ôңԶ·Դ칷ķҲڲϢ·ɵ
οЩҲǺ뿪һֱصһİĵطȥ˵ȥǱҪǾԲ뿪ձġ
ﵹһЩƯƹ˵飬뿴Ļ￴룬ֻڵЩɬѶ֪Ƿܿ
Ұһд֣ʹõĺкܴĲ죬ֶ򻯵ˡ
ȻЩӦûʲô⡣µ鿴Ұһ۾ˣеưԼﻹʲô飬Ѱ˼Ҹհ
ЩǵղؿɱȰˣǰǲ鼮ʲôϡڿеôġ
ֽ̰̯ˢˢļţȫȥ
ֻ̲Թȥһձ֮硣ϣܻǸʱɡ
ǧ֮󡭡绹ǵӰ𣿡һֱžû˵һĿͻȻʵ֣һǧҲѡ˯ɡ
⻰һڳֵǶ˵ˣˢˢĿҰһҰһЩǸ˵Ļ
Ҳûע⡣ҰһЩǸǴҶ֪ǵĹ£ϲǡ
ڳЩֿɶĴ֣ڵЩĸû˵ǵĹ£
ĳ̶ֳ˵Ҳ˵Ǽˡ
ѽʵҲһĿֺһھƣ˾룬ǰվȥ͸͸
ıӰҰһЩãȻ˵ȥǸɡ
ãûΪĻڻЩء
ܹסз඼ϣ飬һĿ
ĬĬػ࣬Щ˲֪Ҳȫ⡣δǶ֪ϲ
Щˡ
һĿѡԼһ˳ȥ͸͸ƽһԼ顣
СľƲƲ죬ùˣǼһǸ˹ͷ˵˵ֿѣδôֿѵأ
ĻҰһü˧Ĵɽ
ֿѵȻ˧ģľʼʺƨ
þƺסȻֻҵȺǳļһ
ĸʱúÿ˶ܻӭģͯеĹﶼһòȻõ˵ϲ
ڴľͯӿͷ֮Ҳ֪˶ԼۣҰһһһĵĸǣںôõҲЩֶܸ߸˵ġ
ͷ˿Ҳ֪ôܻкأ
ڣ󲿷̸̸ֶ֮ɫ䣬޲ӵԶԶģϲ
ҰһֻϣǸ˰ˡ
ǲûв𴩣ĿҰһЩСһ֣ʱʱĺž˵ôһ䡣
ǿҰһֻСӡ
СôʲôãǻһȽϺá
ôǸbݷ޲ңҰһעѾתˣԼʽǣҰһ֪ʱ򣬰ѾԼʽȥǸbݷ޲ˡ
Ǽһ˰ɡ˻İײ˵ΪԼȥʲôӶˡ
ţ
ȻʦȥץȻ߰ȴ߮bݷ޲ΪԼȥץҩѵ֪µ𣿡
ܶڵĮbݷ޲˵µµֻԼܻȥ
Ϊ˶𣿡һֱûô˵ĻĴ֮ڵǸbݷ޲ң
ͷ
Ҫıʷ
⻰һ˵ڣֶֻˣ˻űͯӴơ
ģıʷ˶ûк³ľƺѾû˾ƣִӴľͯĹ˵֮ͻ뿪𣿡
˭֪᲻ɹأֲ¡
⻰˵ֿʲôʱô˵ˣ
һֱô˵ǲǶʲôᣬҿǺ׺ܲ𣿡
ҲǣǾĺ˵ǰԭɴᡭ칷˵һͻȻסˣ˵
ͷ
ľһͷˮǺ׸ղŻ˵Ұһ飬ôͻȻͱĻ⡣
˷ˡҵĴűƿ걳һ޴ĹߴӴҪʦ͹ˣǾȻץȥҲǸʲô
˵ҿɲܱץߵˣ
˲͹ˡiŤͷ
ôˣǶ˵Ϊ֣Ǹղ˵𣿡
ղ˵Ҫ㵱ҩӣԸԸ⣿Ц˸ͷ٩
ŲҪءղŻŭİžͻ˸̬ȣűſеζǿС֣ڿ˱СΧмҰһ㣡
ԳŶ棬˵Ӧʲô𣿡
ҰһŤͷﻹͯӣʲô𣿡
۾һҪ˹ȥƯҡҲ롪Ҫ
ֻû˳ȥͱקס൱󣬰קһ
ԶŶקŰȻҾˡ


66 
ݷ޲, ڵڶȵԼҪȵˡ
һţͣڲݷּҵĸۡǰ, һֻ׾ϸ, ߳һɫˣͷñ, һɫ£Żɽˮͼӣ³֮󣬽Ųһˡ
˵һŰİɫ, Ұһ͸һĻȺеһ۾ͻῴ
y޲ҵ岻֧ʱ߶, ֻڷȴͺһǸˡ
ݼһ磬ڵȵǡ
һĻаĲ, ȴһˡ
ֻڼy޲ҵʱһɫûС
˭ڼҪɱԼ˵ʱ򶼲˵ģҪڰ, Ҫ˺
Ҳ˭, ȻҰ̴ͷϣ
ˣ޲ǿ, ·վſӭ
ݷ˻ɻȥȽϺãɾôڡ飬ʱûҵĻƻ, Ĵ, ץҵʽͷϡ
ͷ
޲ҲΪ⡣
, Լ϶Ҫֺðģһ˲ԸԱǸ˽ܸԼô죿
ⲻ̫ż𣿡޲ЦЦû뵽ʽʵðˣҵܹҲͶҽ
Ұһӣվڰߣһֱ޵Ůbݷ޲ҡ
Ĺy޲ûмġ
޲Ű˽彡ǿֱԼµͷ棬ûôӣy޲ҵȷǺÿģټȷһֲ̬޲ۣԹy޲һ֮ͬģֻԽԽɶ񣬺޲ֱɱźá
ϾЩ޹˾Ͳ˼
ݷ޲Ҳ֪ΪʲôǸ۹⿴Լ֮ǰʶԼһΪ⣬ڶ˵κòʲôҪ
ͰȦӣֱˣλǡ
Ұ̽ġҰһԼʵ֣һ֣֮ǰ˴Կ
ҽ𣿡ݷ޲ҰԼʵҵĲа𣿡
ֻԿܱ֤һὫκá
ڲݷ޲ҷǳΰҽǰԤԼԺһԽԼκõҽڹûãʹһҽǲ˵ҽ
һƬȡ
ݷ޲ǽʲôҪظңһȥ׼ģʲôҶṩ
bݷһӵв˿ڵļ壬Ϊ˷㣬ҺͷּҷֿסƽĸΪּҼbݷ޲ܹǲҲ٣ܹһ張ʦǳȥץҲΪʲôʦȥץԭ
ֻûܺúõĻˡ
˵ûɱǣֻǰǰò˶þͿԴӻ
򲻸ɱ˵ġ
ЩֶǳϲҲͬʵڳΪʽ֮͸ɱˣΪһ˴£ͻĽǳ
Щֿɲͻ᳼ģҪǰշǵʱʵʵһ٣ǲŲ
˵ʽ
y޲֮ǰȥץģڰ˻᲻ֱҲǰҪ۲ĵ֮һ
ҪҺһȥ𣿡ʵ
ҰһҡҡͷãԼͿԡ
㡣ûд뿪Ұһ֮ٺһȥ
ݷ޲ҵãҽ϶ɱˡ
һȥģͺиҸҽˡڸǸҽҲֱҪģҲ˼ֻܰԼҽá
ںòϣy޲ôܲأ
ԼϾͻȬͻ
ҽȴǻŰ
Ʒӹɣƽ˸µĿףҲѣ˵ʲôʲô
y޲ҵķҩζಡѾãʲôҩ˲٣ʱˣϣȫҩζźҲմȾЩ
ҰһʲôûЩ֣ѵûд𣿡
ȻǴˡҰһ֣
y޲Լֻ֣Ұһִϣͱ۾
ҽǴƹǱ
ҽвǴƹѧϰģҲ˸ѹҲ˵ʲôһ壬ҩȫЩʲô̱Ԫҩȫûãֻ˷Ǯѡ
±۾Ҫֿҡ
ֻʲôҰһֻ޲£bݷҫտʱþȥ̽塣
޲ڻģԻǿȻ֪ҪʲôȴڴҰһָ̫Ѩϡ
Ҫֿġһָ̫Ѩϣȴѹy޲Ҹһ飬ʶ壬ҷɡ
ȥĻûа취εġҰһӸµĸ޲ңڲݷ޲ͷǰںڵķ˿˳Ķ˹y޲ҵͷߣܹŵҰһ˿ϴζɵĻ˿˿ıǿ
µ岻ٽӲҰһű۾ԼľԴ̫Ѩ档
һ㡣
ǲݷҫһʴ䣬Ѿûа취ˡ
̹ȻŲİŴɢɫâüǿʼ𣿡
ΪʲôһĵĻšĽţԲݷҵĵģֻĵľԼ·
һԸ𣿡ʵʳİ˼һ·ֻĲܡһԸ񣬾㰲һȥbݷ޲βҲȥġ
񰲱ܹҰһϵҲܹݷ޲ֱӵɺɫѪ⡣
֪ݷ޲ʱ˲ҽֻǾԲϵյģǲ֪ʱݷ޲һ˲캦¡
֮ǰҪҪȳһ£ֲݷ޲þ֣ݷ޲ҲΪָ
ֱҰһ֣ϿıĿܡ
Ұһڸ޲ҿ
ҰһʱûҵݷҫԴͷֻ֪ڵȫõˣҪκõĻЩѡ
ʵڲи塣
ֻҪԸ⣬һ㣬һܲˡ
Ѿ޿ɾҩˡҰһջԹy޲˵ȥò˼ͻġ
⻹˵оȵĻΪʲôҪҽô˵޲ƢֱӾˣ㶼𣿣ʲôˣ𣿣
ڵĹy޲ҰһϤӰӡ
޲һֱŻҰһվû˲źãûбҪϣֻʹ࣬ȥµɣ


67 
Ұһ뿪˷, ֱӰ˦, ƽѵ¶ôʻı顣ȵĲ趼˺ȣæѱӷҲųȥˡ
޲ҵķ, ֻܿڴϵ޲ҷֱпҵĶ˳ȥ, ڿſڵİʱֽͷ˹ȥ
ඡЦĳЦ޲ңȻҽˣǱˡ
޲ڿǾû뵽ȻҲƭԼ˵ԼĲԺ, ԼҲһӹҽˣ
ֻЩӿźÿѣʲô, ϶Ǹҡײƭƭӣ
ҪǰڵĻ϶Ҫɱġ
ⶼʲô˸ƭԼͷϣ
ܶ޲ңȫ޲ôʲôĻû˷ιӵĻһһ䡣
ǿϧôȨȴһҽҲ, ̫ʧˣûϲ, ҲûԸӽ, ЩǶΪܾߵ, ֮ǲĵЩô֮ǰûоúܸˣ
޲ڸ׷˵ȥҰ鷳ЩʦҲȲ, ˵ȥҰ鷳ˡ
, ȴʲôˡ
Ϊ˵Щȫʵ
˶, ˶ھ޲ҾԼûдҲЩҽڵ岻Ϊ˸˿Ȼκ
βԼĲֱȥȻ
̫ˣҲܹˣûЮbݷңʲôǣֻһ͵Ĺѡ
˵꣬ŸԼһ˱ıĴ뿪
ҰһѾţϣڵȰ׼뿪
ôͻȻôأ㲻˵Ҫȥβ𣿡
һû˵˵ûãҷʲôѽҰһ÷ǳίôʱҽĸ˼ʱ򲻶ͺģֻ޲һԼһ仰ʱֱӳƢ
˭ûиСƢôģ
ҰһͷϣɰĻʵûסЦ
Ҳ̫ɰ˰ɣСӷƢ
ݷ޲ҵƢȷǹڱҲ˵һ䲻þ
˵ĶԣԺ϶ڵġļ򣬡ʱ϶Ҫ㣬ǸʱٽѵҲü
ʱҲģʵڲɱˣҰһԱֲĲڶûкã˵ʵᱻɱ˵ʵҲᱻŪҽϸβҽҲǸʱ򡣡
ҪһҽҲûҰһֱ˦ˡ
ڵҽλߣԹʱЩҽ϶ô壬Ҳûа취
ҲֻҰһк̨ģʵҽ޲ҲҶĲŻ˵㲻һĻ
޲һôû˸ҵˤšǰȥˤ˵ţû˸ˤԼġ
޲ҾԼܵƣûа취ȥֻӲض
ĲΪʱĺ΢һЩȴΪİ˲٣һʱûסȳһѪǻæ޲ң޲ҿææʱȴ˰ǰ˵Ļ
Ҳ㣬֮ǻ˵ˡ
һ뵽仰ԽԽץ˸˹Ҫ᲻ܸˣ
һôȶˣ֪ܲy޲ûˣҪǻش𲻺ãָͱˣæͷ̧ǲܵģǴҶǳľ
Ҳͨ£Ҵ²ݷ޲Ǩŭʱ򶪵Դ
ŶһȺ񣬻˵ң޲üҵؿţڸû˸ȥ
ǻڿʲôǾ岻Ǿܷ𣡣ŭ֮е޲ҿԴӸֵط̣ҵǲڣֲڿɲ鷳һԽҹȥСľͻԴ
ǻæͣǵģ
޲ؿĻֽϵĻƿ˦һߵϣȥ
ɴ⣬ҲͷѪϽ˳ȥ˴ҳ޲ҷŻ
ôôͻˡеԭԺСȥ˲ʱͻЩ죬Ѿκ𣿡
ûСҰһһСϣҾͲӦȥ˲źá
еͷôˣ
ҰȥǸ޲ҿʱ˵ѾȲˣ޲Ҿͷ˵ҰûãⲻͱˡʧЦͲȥˣһġ
̫ˣô̬ȡеưͷİɣԺһ۵ġ
޲ҺܿͰҰһԺȥԼԭҽʱǸҽȴôҲԸȥˣֻ˵ӣȥ壬ͷۣȴû취ЩʲôֻܱӲİԼĲĸˡ
.ಡ齣εԼʱ±ܵĳǸʱн壬ǿǣҵЩ̳һȲΪˣݷλöġ
һֻǷּҵļأ
ûãݷ޲ҾЩǸҽĴš
Ǹ޳Щͨ˿Чܺá
ôܣ
Ұһ֮ԱǣǸҰ̽ĵҽǸӹҽҲֻܻŪһƽˣҲֻƽ񿴲
״ÿ£һʼԺ߶һ£䶼ȥȥϿֻǷ֮ıϣźϵ·Ųҩζ˵
Լнͺˡ
ݷ޲εôţÿεԼ֮ԵԼƶ壬òݷ޲޷ܣĶѭ£ݷ޲ҵʳҪιˡ
ʱ򣬱Ҳ˿ʼˡ
ȻǲݷҵķּҼôûа취岻˵ڲͣ˷ѼԴļȫûбҪ
ҵ˰Ѳݷ޲ҽȥᣬȫ˲ݷ޲ҵ֮ԸǾ˹Ѳݷ޲Ҹֱ̧ţϣǿӲĽ˱ҡ
ݷ޲ң
ֻܽӲ壬ЩһԼ̧ţȻ.żƵ͵˱ҵĴ䡣
ŻŨ۵Ĳݷ󱾼˹ΧһȦݷ޲ҵǿǵ壬ӱôΧۣݷ޲Һ޵ȴ¶κ
޲ҡλıҼ޲ҵ֣Σ
ǲ
Ŷڶվ˰ɣǲԱ˻ҪڼҺúϢģʵڲУҸҽ
ҲһЦ˳
ڳҲԶݷ޲Ƣ꣬ҽ˼ǲģҽˡ
ټһƽﻹ˿ϸأ
ûҽھֻܵ
岻ãּҼλáҼ˵Ļʱʰɡ
һԡ
ʷΪϱҰ̽ҽ൱ܿסԼƢȥҲδɡҼ˵
ܰһʼЦ޲ҵǸ˸޲Ҳ̨ǿ˵ˣ޲ҰǰҰ˸ˣôٻȥأ


68 
Ұһ, ʵԵ֡
ʱȲy޲, Ұһкܶʱ飬˴̺е鿴֮, 󲿷ֵʱ䶼ˡ
ǲҰһΪʲôҪ˷ʱƽ񿴲ҰһȴС
ԶԼҽ, ñ˸ҸЩֶΪأ
ڵҽˮƽܲвϻٶôëЩֻҪԵ㶫, ЩһֱµĲ
Ұһͷһ
ҲΪЩҰһתע, עڳ˹y޲֮ϡ
һת֮ҰһעͲû
Ұһʱѹy޲׵Ժֻаײǰż˵һ¹y޲ҵ顣
޷Ǿǹy޲ַ˻ôԼˡҰһڵҪƽ
ҰһȫûоԼڵ, С
ǳãȱʲôֻҪͿ, ƷҽƷԲ, մ˲ٹ, ֵ࣬ϻҪؼҿѧϰʱʮְ, Ҳô, ǳ۾
ǰ, Ȼǲ½ӣôĵƹ¿黹Щġ
Ұһóĵƺ͵¯ð˲١
¯ʱշú°ѷӵţԴźܾõʳ顣
ʵĸпδĴĺ
ôδȷûǵռˡ
ܰ쵽£ԼǻۺʹҲܹȻð͵δ鼮ռԼձԡ
鼮ѧǹĶҲڽ֮ŽӴЩ
ܿҰһڵƹЩʲôЩĶŹӣźǸӾͿ԰ѹҺͷ
Ұһעҩʲôڶûи㶮֮β˵ĶͶˡ
ҰһҽȻҲûðʧ
ҰһĲˣȫãȱ첲ȵȥҰһҲõһµ֫壬Լԭ弸޲
ͷǳ⡣
ԻûĶûʲôԻĶһ㡭ֱһ
ʹҰһȱԴʲô취Ұһûԥ͵ͷ
ѾԴﵽ˰ɡ
ҰһҪ˵ȥ֮󣬾ͿʼְҰһ
Ұһ仹ͦкġ
Ƕ֪иҰ̽ĵҽҽǳʲô֢ȫκá
ǶҰһ⣬Ͼھ߻ӣǸֺڵĵؽ磬ʲôԽܡ
н籣ǽģھȥģȫǸλʦ˵ʽǲ˺ǵġ
һʼҰһȥʱ˻࣬ƭӣȥˣвȨʿҲҰһ
Щ콿ԴöȶžϸһȥϵĲеһ١
ҰһϲЩ˴򽻵Ƕ
һȥģҰһĴھȻʹʵĶȥˣ岻ʵģ˵һҪҰһǿ
ҰҽôʸءԭʱƽͬҰ̽ĵֶβ࣬ʹҡ
ԭʱƽͲСΪ󳼣ʵǰлȨô˵ҲΪʺá
ⲻ֪ô£ȫʵӣƽܹģ
ȻĴβãǾֻܴӹҽ˲ѵ˵ԭзӣԭһ仰ͰԭʱƽĽĻҭ˶
ԭϿɲǿŪģѵԭڴ͸𣿡
˵Ķеֻǳ°磬Σ
ڽһֱװڵİҰҽʱƺһֱסĸϣ
̽ĵȷһλҽֳϥ΢΢ƷҲ֤ˣλ˼֮ˡ
ʦô˵ˣʱ㰲ģձҡʶǻ˻֣Ƕȥɣʱ򡣡
ǡǡ
˦˦ȥҲ˸ǣԭⳡʤһæСܼ׷˰
ˡ
ԭ˶ƽĳ̶ֳӦͬһӪԿԭʱƽԱͦ˵ġ
ԭˡͣЩ˵ԭ棬ʲô𣿡
ʵҾλܲΪԭϡԭĴ۲һ£ȷûڶС˵ǰʱпԴϺλйܽ
üŶ
һɣ˿ҪѰ֮
Ұ̽ĵҽʮǿʱʵʲôӦûУԴ˵һ䣺Ұҽ׹֮ܣܹʱ˲Ȥ
֪ıԭҪһЩҲ֪Ұһ֮ҰһڸƵʱûιԼܹλ˵ĶҲϡ档
ԴϺеĽ
ġ
ұˣлԭˡ飬лʱˣԭ˻ȻȥЪϢɣϿɲô̫ƽ
ָԭϵĵͷţصԼ
ؼҵʱҰһѾˡ
ĲЩµĺɫ˴βӰ˼ϣ¶׵ֱۺ˳ָ
һҰһ£
ʣ
Ұһգգ۾ţļٵġ
Ȼģʵԭϻ̥ʮ£ȴһҪļûУҲǸżˡ
ҶԸûʲô顣
ҪȥĿĿɲֻǸԭϿӡָָԼԴ׹ǵȥġ
Ұһ˼֣Ҹ˭ôõҿɰ첻
һֱȥ
ʵλϾˣҲʹˣȨ˻ҪȨɿеĻ
һøʲô۾ͿĻᣬôܲĶأ
ҿ
ʲôΪҰһǰͷȥ£ѣԭǲע⵽ġ
ںһѣȻҰһ򲻻Ŵµʵǰġ
ô˭ôϲ
Ų£µĳҳ˹y޲֮Ӧûбˡ
ɹy޲ڻڴţŶȥ˵ǽȥʡ
ܲȥ״ɡ
ԴϺߵĺܽԴⷽһ顣
ҲʶԴϵ˰ҰһãȻˣңȥʲôô


69 
ΪҪȥ, ҰһͲǰһҼС䴩Źȥ, ˰ºñ֮źϸ
̫ܲˡ
ҰһѵЩ, ţʱ򻹽ŵðοҲûá
, ţܿʹȥ˹⣬ȥ˿ţûһ˹Ұһ
ûðһȥ
޷ֻܰԼӸ, ܰЩԼǵ, ʷ֣ԸԼŷ䣬վ澲Ⱥ
ҰһϱǣڼʵҲΪڽʧ
Ǹˡ
ʼҰһп, Ұ̽ģ
ǡ
ģ֮⻹һλŷŮ, λŮɢͷ, ϵ·߰˲, ˣҲЩȡ
ʶģʮ˷ֱڲ۵ĵط, û˵Ҳûдк
Ŷ, Ȼǰ˵Ǹԭϡ
û뵽ҰҽȻô, Ҳ֪ҽΣҶʱܵԭ֣ϥϣҰһȴͳһ˿ߵݸˣͷ߲ڷ˵ϣ̫һȦͿԡ
Ŷһʲô
²Խ
ԭס°ĿҰһǸϸϸ˿ߴ۾
⿴ʵĶ
û룬Ұһ۾ʱ֮ǰֻ󡭡
ɲͨŮӣڿˣ͸˿ߴУҰһô˿󣬾ֻľĴŻ˵
̧ͷһԭϣԭʾ⣬ˣ׼Űɡ
ҽǶݷˣԾ˽İ嶨Ұһ֮г̣ȫҰһԵĻᡣ
ⲻ͹ذɡԭûסԣԭʱƽһʼˣֻûпڴк
Ұ̽ǰµˣԼôҪһµģ˿ܻҫԭȴȫôá
Ǹԭڼ֮ǰͱЩ֣˵ĶӶʮһ˻ûжʦŮ˶˵û⡣
ûĻӦóˡ
ȥʰʱ򣬰ֻǸĪЦЦûлش⡣
⵱Ȼϵ٣ʲôõġԭʱƽƽİþǺԭ̧ܣԭ˵ʲôһҪ
ԭϮĹ壬ǵ˵⣬λϵĿɾˣȻǿƽԭ档
Ҳ֪Լôɣ̲ס
ʲôóģ̧̇Ƥѵһܺɣ
վڹſڣһҰһıӰȻֿǸԭϡ
ȻĴ
Ǹԭϻˡ
ӻӣȫһˣ˵֣ҲʵĶӣһ֪֡
ӿɲܳ
ûյȥ룬ǷĽͻʵʵİ棬ϢĽȥ
Ҫ취ҰһС
ǸӤԲ
»жڼûд
͡
ûʱ䡣
ʱ䡣ƺЩͷˣ³֣һ˴ȥϢҪܣ˸ʰġ
ԭ滹˵ʲôȴû˵Ļᣬֻһۣԭ϶ûܣôȥˡ
Ұһ̾һ
뿴ĸԴ
ҰһվĴ°ϵĻҳֲ.˴뿪ſڵʱӺʲôһ£Ӹס쿪ӹһöֽţֽպãװ·
ʶҰһŵķһĺңܹŵķζǽߵСϻż飬ϵĺ֣ƹǱߵԭ鼮
Ǿ棬ʲôҪǾͺá˵ֻϣʱҪ뿪
Ұһͷˡ
ֽŻһϣҰһԭأŴӵóǸССֽš
ǰּ
ֻ仰ԭϲˡԼǹӤûˡ
ʹûΪ˵ʵǾ޷ͻƷģͬڰ
һѪҺȻҲᱻƣΪ˵ɿȻǽġ
ҿԽ𣿡ſʵ
Ϊʱ˵ҰһͬӵоȨֻҪҰһͬ⣬ӦҲǿԽġ

һССķ϶һֻƴСİɫСֽ˴ŷＷ˽żһӣ๾ȦײҰһűߣʽ̫Сˣ´ġ
ʽͷĵطʽڵ£Ұһ½ϥϣǸԭ㻹ӡ𣿡
š
㲻˵һҪǸӳǸԹɵģһͻùﲻðʽϵİͣиĻԹӤһͺѿƣԲŻԭϵĶôá
ԭӦ֪ġ
Ȼ֪飬ĺӡ̾һԽԽˣڷ϶ҲڴҲ֪ʲôʱƿӡܳ
Ұһݵĸŵͷ
Ҳû뵽ԼȻ빬͢ıУ治漰͢ţֺ֮
̫Σˡ
ԭûҰһͰ̫ãҹ˹Ұһķţȥһ˿ߵİȷȷǹ֮ҰһǸССʽȥ
Ұһһߵľҩ䣬һ·Сܵλں󹬵ᣬԭϾסԽǱ߾ԽǻңߵģȫŮԣҰһһŮ˵зۡ
ԭôˣȵڵ·ĴһͨŮһŮ٣ҰһҴҵȥᣬѯʺһߵŮˡ
ƺΪͼŮٵŮ˿ҰһЩΪѣѲˡ
ҽȥҰһһѲʱʹˣ½һ£ҰһҪʱ˵õģΪ̫Ķˡ
ǿɲСӣɵİԼĸ嶼ȾˣºӣĸҲ
һһ֪ػ֪ԼҪô
ԭڱҧŲļţĶ͵ϴĶƤϣмɫСӡסĶţǲƤŵñģѪܶõ
ԱߵŮٱⳡŵÿҪȥˣҰһһţԭϵĺ󾱣ҪΪȱȥԭϸ˲ʲôˣĶӱϸߣǲ㱡ĶƤȻֱӳơ
ҰһŵԭҲƵıһѵƵƤƶƤĶƤ˳ֻܿһźɫڷת˼ȦֱֱҰһ˹


70 
Ұһ׼, ѧ˼ַĻ, ȻҲ˸ֲ
ɫâǰסҰһסźڻɫĹ, 赲ٶȣҰһſźɫĿ
һڵСӤ, ۾۾ȴûͫʣﻹżָ׺ͽָ׶Ǽĺɫ, һͲࡣ
裡ǸСӤ¶˿ı飬ô̶, ɳƵɰֽƵĺݺĦǵ񾭣һЩʱȽŮֱӱĻ˹ȥ
ʱ䣬ҰһϽֶ໭˼䣬ʣµŮٶ, ó⻭ķӡ˦Ŵ, ʱӤ
ŮŶڵһ, սսĿŵǰҰһ, ҽҽʲôѽ
֪ǶˡҰһûϹֶ֣Ҳ֪ԼĹáǹӤ޺һ֮ͻȻ, ײŴ, ƽһƾ͵ŴȴֻǱײ, 治֪ʲôŮһУгȿɿŮٸϽȥʺ張ʦǹæ
ɰ񻹺ܹԼŵȴôԸ⶯ֻ˵張ȥڻʹ棬ָµġ
張ֵʦǻ𼱻ǵĸϹҪŽȥֽŸõҲһۼ
ʦ׹鷳ˡ
һ˲֪ôźãҰһҲʮͷֻӤҸȥ뿪ʹҰһҲĿֻ꣬ܺҵĹŴţӷȥĿꡣ
ҰһѧϰûãѧղܹסôһʱѾǳӣۿžҪⲻסæּһ㡣
ҰһӾͱѣԭڹŴĹӤת˷תҰһ
ԼҰһһ
ܹõģ϶ѾյϢ߸ˣ֧ŵԼûˡ
ֻҪһЩŮ١
ҰһԷһóԼ͹սʱıʣ̫ӦûѹãͨҪá
Ĳ²Ȼûãֻд֣ڹӤ˺ۡ
Ұһԭ˼ŲȫٷֻӤûԼôѸʱͶ˼Ӥ˰С
Ӥһֶ˰գôҰһһᣬȷӤѲͳ˸ᣬֱӰѹӤװ˽ȥ
һ˲䰲
ղŻµļеŮգ۾ɿ˻ŶԷ˫֣𣿡
ѾûˣȥɡҰһãûֽһȦȻҧָھд˺ü⡯֣ȷѾĽʵʵ֮ܳ˺ϵķ䡣
滹ڷײŵʿһûסžȫˤ˽
ŮһμŶ㿪ˡ
أأʦȫӿ˽ָŷ䣬ſһ˦
ץˣԭߵǸʿȵԭˡ
ʿƣͷһûιȥ
ղŻ룬ԼĴʲôֻڲڳһۣһ۲һͰߡ
Ƥԭϵ
ҰһǼƤģ˷ڴϣʴ𣿡
ڡ
鷳ҹȥҰһߵŮ˵ҾӦ֪¡
㻹ߡղŻʦסҰһֻأ
ûóھҪͣôõ£ҰһأλǺ£òЩ˯֡
ҰһֱӰʦǵжеĵۣʵЩʦȷʲôóûϣǹ˸ͣ͡
µȷ֣֮Ҫץס˻úˣǸ¡
⾩ֶǹܣ㲻Ǹҽѣûʸ񡣡
ûʸҽǣվ˵ǲǲۡҰһЦҪѹס
ǰЩʦûһܱȵϰһָͷǻ˵ʲôȴ˸ˡ
ˣǱǱץģ˱Բ˳˵⻰˴źͰϲĲʽ·ֻͷǺɫҲ˺ܶࡣ
ֻɨһҰһûٹˣȥѵЩʦЩʦŭԣһĲޣȴҲû˵ʲô
ǸǸ弶ˡѵ֮ŹǸҺһȥʴˡ
ȥˣܲҵͲ̫һˡ
߶ôһ㷴ӦûУҪôǲ֪Ҫô֪˵ǲһ㣬Ѱζ
ִˡ٣ֵô
ⲻҲˡ
һҵĿˣȻҪһЩġ
ǼȻҾͲòˡҶˣҲͲ˵һȥʡ
ĵʦ˵ҵĹǣԭɧҵֳܿͱþҰһӡ˹Ӥľύ˰û뵽ҰһȻӡһΪҰһϲӺ;ΪеĿռԷŶ뵽ֱ˷ӡ
ҰһҲˣǷӡһֱôõġ
һʼֻþװģ̽Եװ֮ЩҲܹ֮ʲôˡ
ͯĥǵһװֻ̽û뵽ҲװҰһ˳
Լ̫ˡ
˵Ҫȥʣʵûȥңڰ£ܿͻָƽ
ֹѹӤˣԭµǲƤһߣ֪µϾͬˣҲû˵һҪ顣ǰҰһ˼˵Ҫҽ
ҰһԼϲΪɾܾˡ
ҪڹֻϣҪʱܸǿͺáҰһǰ˵㿴
ղŻܾҰһ̸Ŀڣû⡣
鲻˵
֮£ҰһҽǴˣʵı֤Ҳвٹ̽ԵĶҰһݳ֦ϣԽύùϵ
ҰһȫܾˣûȥǱڼѵ
ԭϺǸӤǴӷ϶ܳԹ飬ǸԭϵϣԭϵԼһ塣ҰһһԭϺǸӤڷ϶ȣѺڷ϶ĶǺĽɫпͨͨȽ⣬ϲζ黹ûץʱѧ㶫Լ
ҲǴ쿪ʼæµԼ˵ҪѲû֣ͨҰһھΪԷһԸºͲ˳ܵһĿ˹
˵ҪһĿҰһ
һĿȻӦ
Ұһȥϻ֮һĿżѵֱݷҵš
ηּҼݷΪ˹y޲Ұһȥ޲ҿ
ǰðʮֱǸ޲ҵǸԭ
Ĳ𣿡
ʵ˵ͷҰһȴЩˡ
ǿ̫ˣԼܾԼء


71 
y޲ϴμҰһʱ, ڿһ֮ǰ
ǸʱҰһֻһӹҽֻˣƤӣ˸, Ȼû뵽Źȥһ£Ұһǹڵһ߶ȡ
һ, Ұһ
ν
ûа취ţԸմ˷ּҼλõǸݷʾȻʵԼרŵŰݷҰһҪҰһȥ
һȷǱ˵ˡ
˵ݷ޲Ժ϶Ҫڲˣ
˵Ļûġ
ݷʱ򰲱ϢڼңŲݷҵ˹ݷʱ⡣
ݷڲݷҵǲٱڵĲݷ޲һҪӵġ
뵱ݷ޲ҸոճΪݷּҼʱҲֻܹûþͲˣҲΪĲʹŤʧȥԱġ
ֱӱ޶вֳƿ졣
ݷʹʱ˲ʱ˵С, дƹϡ, ˲١
Ȳ˵м֣Щ, ȷ˵Ϸ
Ͳ, ԼȥҲûʲô˼һǺܸ, ҽҽкܶ࣬ܿȥĴbݷ
˵ʲô˭֪Ұ˲⾩Ĵ򡣡Ұһƨ޲ҹϣˣԲŰҴȥ
ڿ˵һȥʵûʲôֱ޲ڵѾ·ȲˣοҰһֻһͨҽ
޲ҲȬ޲һô޲Ҷָҡλá
ڻҲȫΪbݷ޲ҡ
ҽǱߵģҿΪòȥ㲻Ҳûʲô취ΪҶΪá
޲Ҳˬ͸ˡ
ʵ̬ڵú㣬Ұһ֮ǰ²ȥ޲ҿôľֻԼ֪
ҽĺˣ˭ܵҲ˵һǱҩʹô죿
һҲôˣһʼҪ޲β׼ϵʱҲൽʱˡ
ϵʱ䳤ˣ޲Һ׾ˣҪһЩԼҪԡ
Ұһøȥbݷ޲ˡ

޲һμҰһһҰһûкͰһ𣬶Լǰ
ȫûоµ˼Լ֮󷴵¶ԼЩθЦݡ
޲ңþòҰһеľӣǰ֪ôʱȥôˣ
ȽһμʱŰ裬ڵ޲ֻҵڴϣҰһŭսȭͷ
ǹġ
һǹģ
ǹԼĲ״ģ
ĸܲ޲ҧ⼸֣ˡ
ȻҾûбҪ㿴ˡҰһ˵Ҫ뿪һΧ۵ĿʸϽְҰҽҪ޲˵ֻǸ
ﰵ޲Ҳʶ̧١
Ұһɲ㿴Ķ󣬾ǰʲôìҲӦڸɫձܹҽһֻ־Ĺ⼸һǣҪôǱˣҪô͸ˡڰҽˣԺĮbݷ֢ʲôģһǿô죿
޲Һ޵޲ǰȫ˺˳Խڵ첻ĵԼ֮һҪɱԽͷ֮ޡ
ڲϵĴԼǿԼɱ˵ĳ嶯
Щ˴ԼߵĶȫҪû
ǽҲãȨҲûǱڽŵµҲãȫҪһֻ
һпԱ߿ţаѱ˵޲Ҳû֮ǰһҰһļ鱧вֻǽӲŪ
Ұһ޲ҵȷôԼϡ
ĶԼĲ˸
ֻҪҵĻסԼӦûġҰһڽһļ֮ڸ޲ԼĽۣǰҪҡ
ȻǻҽģʲôҪԸǽǻȫҹġ˵Ļ͵ʱ޲˵Ļһģһ
ҽ޲ˣҪʲôҩҪʲôϣְæԼǿ϶ٹˡ
ܹ޲ҽѾԵʴˣȥ¾Υһʼĳˡ
ծbݷּ֮кܶҪȥ϶ֲôʱ;ıĮbݷ޲ң޲ңҰһܸκǾκãβõĻǾֻܿԼ컯ˣ˾ˣ˸á
Ϊ˷㣬Ұһ˵һʱ޲ҵļ档
޲ҲһʼסԺᵽ˱ȽƫԶԺӣ׵ּҸˡ
˵ڵĮbݷ޲ҾǱbݷһöӣǰãԻţѾ˵ˣһҽβѾ御
bݷھʵǸ壬ﻹ֣һҰһ£Ͼͬˡ
ҲʲôҪҽʱֻͣҪԼҪʱܹͿԡ
Ұһںͮbݷ޲ҷֿʱ䲢ûţҲʱĵ伮ȻԼǰѧУԼԼѧЩ֪ʶйصжϮbݷ޲ҵĲ֢
һʼΪͮbݷҫյĲһģڽ˽һļ֮Ұһ֣ϵĲʵȫͬġ
֪ɫ˰϶κĹؼ֮һʣµ䷽ʲôҪԼһ
Ұһȥ޲ҿҽдµЩҩв޲ҾȻЩҽʵ̫ûãɱ֮еĶȫˣʲôû
ҰһĲѮbݷ޲Ҹһ١
ⶫûǰĲӰж֪ܲô԰еĲҩȫˣҪʼͷᵢʱ֪
޲Ҳ
ʱ˾ˡ˵ԼˬˣﻹõЩ֪Ұһ
ҲҰһƢãһҽ¶ƾֱӲˡ
ҪǵһҽĻνڶҽĻҲνҰһ֮ǰy޲ҿҽֶֻ꣬ôϿɲһʱռõġÿ˶ԼͬĹעͼ⣬ܹЩȫۼһʲô֡
ɮbݷ޲ҾȻΪԼһʱˣеҩҪˣҰһû취ˡ
Ǹܵܣûô˵ĳܵܣ
ˣ
Ұһһ룬ôеˣȥĲĻԺ϶һ޹ҽ޲ǨŭȻɱȻ޲ҾͻɹΪһ
Լѹy޲Ҹκޡ
ʵ˵еֵطģ޲ϵ϶ǻµģµ֮϶ᱻдϰ̷֮󻹲һתˣпܻתһ࣬ɰǧ޷ٱˡ
һͦġ
һʼҰһģֱӰɱ뷨ֹˡ
˵޲Ҳʱ


72 
ҰһȥΪ˸ıʷ, ܸıʷıһУΪʲôҪأ
Ұһ˼⡣
κ޲ң޲֮ȥ, ֱɱ޲޲ھѡĽʵһġ
ֻһһ
ǰôΪһ£ҰһѡĲͬ
Ұһɱ޲֮, ϵʧһմ֮ڵеʱпܻᱻйжΪҰһƾճֶ޲ҷҰһĺúܶ࣬ҲõӦеĳͷĳͷΪҰһµĴֻܶ࣬Ҫʮ̷ͿٴתΪˡ
Ұһȷô£Լ޲ңڿּȻȥܰĥѣתҲ
ҲΪʲôڿվ޲ǰԭ
Ұһô޲ҵԺס˸ɹ̫ķ䣬һֹĻмˣ󲿷ִ󲿷ֵ˶Ժֻ¼ź
ٱϿûп޲, øĶ, ֻǳԴöȵײԭԼʱ
ֹŮһԻǷ, ƺͦӡ޲ҵʱһֱսսҴ˵, ֻǶС², ǱƵӣҲȽء
Ұһϲ˵ҲϲǣȻҲġ
Щ޲ҵʱẦ£Ұһʱܹ˵˵
ΪҰһ޲һͺ˵ټĺؤȥҰһæٻ
ĸҰһҪĴָһġ
ǻǵ޲Ҳǵˣ޲ô¿־壬ҲҰһ˱Թġ
ӺԼϹǰòǲݷҵģǼԭھݣֻǱѲܵ
ǵȽϺãûڰ·ȥҲû֮ͱֳԵǱݷҵ˸˼ˡ
ʵǺܸмݷˣڱֵ޲ҵԺʱҲûоʲôá
ǻģ֪޲ҵ֪޲Ҷжôĺһÿ޲ҵʱսսġ
һֱ޲ҵģã˲ٴʱѹӰҴ˵
ûʲôΪһֱڲͣĸǿ˵Ҫŭ޲Ҵ˵飬һȥģҲӺɵС
ûô޲ʱҲûһֱ޲һǸȽϺõˡ
ҰһԼ֣ҩӰҰһҪõҩȫɷĩǳҰһôЩҩģɹ֮󶼳ò࣬ȴֱܹÿһҩҩԣȻЩҩֵһΪ˿βҩ
̫ˡ
ûϹѧʶֻ֣Ұҽֺÿʲôᣬдûÿһһ㶼Щ
ֻаǵòҩȫܹѧϰġҰһֽдʲôʱʱϵЩҩһֽ涪
Ľű߻һаʴСӣֳ12СÿС涼װһҩġ
ӷֳ㣬Ѿ㣬ҰһĲ㡣
Ұһļҩֻ֪һãҪʵܹõ𰸡
ԲǼ򵥵£ҲһܹɵģҪúܳʱĥʱֻһЩȽҩĸy޲ҵ壬ҰһҲϣ޲ҿԱԼ鲻Ҫ췢Ƣ췢Ƣ״أٺõҩҲûа취ά֡
Ȼ޲ҡ
Ҫûյӣڲʡ¶ˣﻹô鷳ܽʡʱ䡣
Ҫֺ飬һΪ޲ˡ
޲ҿ˭˳ۣʲôȫţŭһһѹţҪҸͷйȻ޲ܾԼҪԼŭըˡ
Ӿķйڡ
Ϊʧˤ޲ҵҩ룬ոհõĲҩ̣һҩֱ޲ҵĸ첲ϣ԰׵Ƥ˼˶ѪݺһƬ˺ۼ
޲ҵʱ͸һƣӴһˤڵأŵûʧɫȵתһʱҲ֪ԼˣͨһڵϣסĿͷֱѶͷĵͨƤ޲Ҳû˵ͣ¡
y޲ӣԼ˿ڱ¶ڿУҪ·ճס۵ͷ󺹣Źؿͷһղŵڵϵӡ
ӵͷϣֱ˺ü飬ӱôһңͷֱӱƣѪ˿ӿ˳ŵеѪζݷ޲ֻӶס˱ӣûõ
˴Լݵĸ첲Լ˻Ժúó
־y޲Ҳ֪
Լy޲ڽԼ˴־Ͻ˹𱸵һҲϽˡ
ӹؽȥֻҪҲͲҪԷβ
Ұһ־ͲΥy޲ҵֻ˵Ṉ̀Ӵӵȥ档ûһͻˣµףմѪȫ
y޲ڷйԼŭ֮ԼΪŭĳһ˲ʧһŮȥҽһԼ첲ϵ˿ڣȴȥҽҰһ
ʱҰһ˵Ҫһ˰öڲԺҲǹy޲޼ɵӷĵ
˵䲻ģy޲ʵеҰһʱǾѿ߳ܣҰһǰƢʱȴ޼ɵ
췢侲ֺˣҰһ֪Լ϶ҪˣָҪ˵ʲô
ܿת̬
οȷĴĸ첲ʹҪԺ϶Ҫ̵ģǿǸոõģ̵ҩˮ⻹ϣҪŪԼɾͻˡ
ţy޲ֲˡ
ԼֲΪʲôҪ£ԼˣⱾΪ˵Ĳԣ϶Ҫͷġ
ɶ˵飬ΪȷӵĴ
ɵȷǾӴˡ
ǿңӱֱôôصˣӦܵͷ
ɲûоòԡ
ΪӺܿᱻųû뵽һҹ޲ʲôԸûС
Ұһڵڶϻġ
뿪֮ǰҪʱһٸy޲ιҩϻy޲Ҽʱ򣬹y޲ҵȴֳһ˿ƣ̬
ͽûаʱҩ𣿡Ұһɿy޲ҵ֣Ҵ˱ӣȥΪˣ
y޲Ż㱵Ӱҩ֮Ҳûиҩ˹ȣԼȻҲѺҩˡ
šüǸûҶˡ
ûãܣһףܻǡ
ҰһһӵĲҩŵЩİҩζ˳ζҵζԴͷ
ǹy޲ҵһ첲
y޲ҰұҰһҰһ״ģֱƿӡ
ֱĨһҩ࣬ˮݱƣڿȥ˵һƬǽ塣
ô̵ˣ
̵ġ


73 
ӣҰһ̫š
ϾӸ˺ü, ϸһǳģȻҰһҲô
ҩʱֱˣҾͷȥؽˡ˵⻰ʱСҰһɫ, ҰһʲôӦ첲Լҩ, СĲ첲ҽҩ࣬ԼĸͿˡ
ôȥңҵҽҽҪõĶ˰ɡ
ҽܾǹˮȻˮݣҩҲֹѪõģҰһҩ
һһy޲ҵĸ첲ѾĿȫǣǳǱŧ˵ƤǸҽûƵĴãһϹȥǶˡ
Ұһ޲Ҵһ¸첲ϵ˿ڣ˿ʱǹɴ̼ʹ޲˻һûܿסϵı顣
ȻŪģ޲ҷȥؽҲǲܽܡ
Ұһûرż, Ȱѹy޲ҵĸ첲һ¡
ֻЩ޲Ҷӵĳͷֻô򵥵ĹؽƢһҲ, ̳޲ҾֻƮƮȥؽնɱ, ֱ޲ҵķ
ӿٶ, ޲Ҵ˿Ȼ˱, ѯڱѺĵط
޲һ
ڲ棬İɣˡ޲ջ˸첲קӸסԼұϵıɻش϶Ұһ˻֣Ͻȥ
һϣӿ϶ġ
Ұһ޲ҼҵʱϲܣҲ֪ȥ˴־֮ŴӴ־õ˲񷿵λá
־Կ״˲񷿵ţſڵݶϵϢŵûг
汾ӦǳʪĲݺľζȴǹ÷ѪҺζ
ӣҰһ￩һ£ǰһڵϵӣɸҰһ;ϵĴв̫ԡ
ӵѾӲˡ
ڵϣ˲档
Ұһӵ巭¶ɫףմѪͷһӣϵѪҲΪͷϵ˿ڲճȥġ
Ӱ۾üͷ塣ﻹץһѵݣȻӲ˿ڴѪͷλµĵѾѪȾˣڸɺԷڣȻѾȥʱ
ؽʱʲô״̬Ұһȷӵ֮󲻵òε̡
ˣҲûƶĺۼҲ˵ӱ޲ҹؽһһֱſûж
ͷϵ˿ûдһֱڲͣѪѪҺһ˳ͷϵʧհһˡ
Ұһֻʶһҵʱ䣬һڵദҲҰһϵ㡣
ԸȴҲֻԾգµʱҲϸĵĶһۣҲϲûи޲ߵĻúܾá
֪ô𣿡
ҰһѾ֪ľӦþڸ޲ҶҩʱСİҩ޲ϣ̵޲ܻöӣҲûд˿ھôؽ˲档
Ұһһͷϵ˿ڣȷΪͷϵӡ
˿ڼûмʱϴĻʧѪࡣ
轵ټˣӣĵݣӱҹϢȥˡ
Ӹ˶ҩʱСİҩŪˣ̵޲ҴˣȻ˰ҩӵӵͷϣͷˡ֮˾ͰҽйȥҰӹؽ񷿣Ȼȥһһ¸첲ϵ˿ڣ֮ҾͲ֪ˡ־һľ
֪ҰһȡֻǨŭˣԲû࣬˵һ龭
ҰһֻǾñˡ
ϾڲδδƽȣֻǲС˵ĻֻҪǮȻǸͿˣڹŴִһ
ڹŴʱȫѹˣΪ˵̵Ϊ˵޲ң޲ֻǴһȻؽ񷿷ʡʵѾǺĳͷˡ޲ҲûоԼʲôֻû뵽ӾȻûͦ
ȻʹӵȥҲ޲ҵʱôĻôȥӷǳ֣ȴûа취Ӹ
Ѿ˺ܳʱ䣬ûа취ʧȥôõ˸ֻܽʵ
ӡҲѶ˹ڵݶϵһͨһſڡ
ҽôˣקҰһ½ʵ
Ұһҡҡͷ
Լŵʬ壬컹ӽ쾹ȻˣֻܽӲڵݶϡ
Լ˵˱ؽ˲ﲢûдΪʲôأ
ֻǹȥһΪʲôأ
ڰҰһվץʱӰһɥ°ɡ
ˣʱ֮أϯӾһӽڣǮ͵һͨˣ
ҰһɵļֻصǰԺȥ˻ڴϵ޲ҡ
޲Ұ뿿ţһ飬һûһĿţҰһͰһ۷ֱߣô
ˡҰһ
y޲ֻǾȵգգ۾漴ָƽֻһôֵǮˣ˾һ
ӵʲôԣûаϡ
Ժȥû˵ʮҲа˸ͨ˵Щȥ֮󣬶˰ǵʬòϯӰһ£Ȼ󶪵ȥ
ң֮ûǮײأͰʬǱһӣʱ䳤Ǳ߾Ͷǳɹ۵ʬ壬һһ㣬ͣԹʱˣͺ˻ȥǱߣȥʬġ
ֻ˶ѰҰһסͷȥˡ
ҿûɱԼģֻ˵ãעҪҿûʲôϵy޲ҲȤ鷭һҳûµĻҾȥˡ
ҰһŹy޲ҵǳӣĿ޲һۣû˵
ôˣ޲ҵ˰ҰһûߣЩͷˡ˾ˣΪʲôҪһ˵ֻҪһӾͿ򵽺üȱһӵˣǾȥгͿˣҪûǮĻҿԳǮ㡣
Ұһһľη
Թy޲˵˵Ҫõأˡ
û뵽˵仰֮Ұһֻǿһ۾˦뿪ˣűŵĹϣͿҲɵĿ
µڣûоӵʲôֵźģҰһôϲܱ˵£ʱ仹ȥҩôԼβء
Ұһ޲ҸòУɻڱӵʬ־ľĿţҰһûע⵽
Թy޲һһ˿ڴҰһֻԼʵ̫ˡ
y޲˴ӸϾѾ͸ˣûбɹûгԵôˣҲǸˡ
ֻص˰ļԸҪŵİ˵Ҳˡ
ôôЩ֣ղŵʱǻ߸˵
ھɱ޲ҡҰһȭͷͲӦûš


74 
Ұһ˵ͽ췢, ׾Ƿʲô
ʵһǿ޲ҡ
Ͼںδͬδֵܹõʱʵ㲻ʲôᱻ˳Ц
Ц, չǲõġ
˵ĻǾȥɣֻҪľʲô
ǡҰһҧ촽ûа취޲Ҽɱ, ô˵Ҳûá
ǲĻģһԼ½󣬡δʲôԼģȥֹҲں£һۡ
λ˼һʵ⣬Ƕûа취ͬ
Ұһ̫ᣬϣȫԻûݵĹy޲ҵʱϣܸԷһᡣδĹy޲ңڵĲݷ޲ȴҰһΪá
ܵĽҾ죬ֻҪԼȨͿױ˵, Ϊĵġ
˵ҰһļͥӰҲܴ
ԸƫһЩ, һЩ·ǳһҪȥܣԸĳʱܹﵽһ벻Ч
޲һֱ, һһսҰһͼ, ڰҰһŭˡ
һǰ̫ˡҰһεķ, Ÿı̫ˡ
ô˵Ǻõģǲʺ˻Գɹy޲ǾԲеġ˶٣һСС״ȥ˵
ȥ𣿡Ұһ۾˲ܡ
ǶһˣܶԱ˵ŶҪ͵͵ģ˱ܡʳָ˸ƣʵڲо߸š

ȥϢɣȰʱǾ͹ˡļ򣬡ȥ弣֪ܸܲϵϡ
˼ֻˣϵʱ˳㽻ƣ֮ǰҪģһֱûüͽˡ
ҰһӹԼľᣬԼԭȥķȫ˰Լģм仹˸ͼ
ǸӤ𣿡
ţպˣͦΣյģһҪֽƴˡ
Ұһ˳Լ档
ȥˣҰһԺСǺΧҪҰһ档
ʱҰһһֱڹy޲Ҽ棬ûôЩСĲˣҰһҲһͷ˰ķ䣬һҹȵڶϵʱҰһûԣּҴҵĻزݷˡ
ûҰһͻˣҾɥղаڣǲһԵĹοҰһˣǾһˡ
ҰǸˡ
ϵϢǰˣѸ˿ϻźóԵСģЦůֿɰ
˭۸Ұ
۸ҰһҪŶȻСҲæģͯ˵СҲͬĵͷ
ЩСʵĴһΪսǿúڹѽ
Ұ˿ǵĺѣԼĺѵȻñ۸ˣ
Ǹݷ޲һѵģͯŮóҰһĺ󱳡ǰɣ
ǲõŶ
ŲǴܣֻȥѵѡͯŮҲֹǵġ
Щʽǲɱ˵ģǶǷǳаĴ֣ŻǶɱУƽǲõġ
ͯŮǶԼĶλǳȥϷŪһǸʲôݷ޲ҡ
ȥͺˡө˵Ȼġ
Ҳͬĵͷ
ǸղŻΧҰһߵСֺΧһߣֹôܰǸݷ޲Ҹŵ
ҰһεЦЦ
ɷϣЩСǸοˡ
ܹںϵĸоĺܺãЩǴһΪ˸ͦ˸жġ
ûãЩСǾһɢөյܻҰһ֣
өԸߣСҪʱֻһߣٻôʱҰһԱǸղ۳ʲô
ܣөݰͷҰһĻҰǲҪȥɲ԰ҴӳԣǮգ
ŶͲǮˣҲ󡣡Ұһüۣ׼̫ˡ
өݹɵĵͷ
Ƕзִ磬϶ֳġ
ҰһǣǴӦˣ϶нİ취ֵ̫
ȻеɹʹŴӵ˼䣬ҰһԺʯǰддͷһۣҰ𣿡
ǵģǡСڣŹʹڵĴ磬Ұһ
ʹڣҹʹھС
ôʹԷ𣿡Ұһͳ˾ᣬִӾͳһʢķˣûеĻҪһ𣿡
ʹڿһķˣɳܵĶˡ
ҵտܲǺܺãǿڵġҰһݹţ롣
ҾͲˡʹҰһĶ棬ȴٵĽϵķˡ
ǳζʹڶҰһձ˼ߵллд
ʳԵĹʹ̬ԺЩҪʱˣ̰ɡ
ˣѾˡ
һ˵ڹʹһźɫͷ˱Ű˸ߵ˼ʯϡ
ƴˣôˣʹھ㵣Ͻ񣬡ȥɣҽùƶ˵ͷҵĶأ
Ұһִó˾ύƣûֹƾͺ˼ɵĲķӡ
̧̧Ƥⲻץ𣿡
ǵġ
Ȥ֮𣿡Ʋ˾¶˾ĶҰһûжԻӹ£ʲôдʵĻ棬ȻԿֽ״ֲĹӤ
ڵ
һսжŽڼнͽƷ԰סͨڡƿʼڵĺôӦûȥɡ
ܹȥ궼ǴδµĴ˲ȥģϵĹۣʲô¶ĻкܴĿֱȥˡ
Թƾûغ
ޱջ󵽣пɰС֣Ư䣬зḻʵıǳȤõĶࡣ
ܸоԼ
Ժн磬ǲܳȥĴƻѷŪ
ħ񰡡ƿ˿ôץģֱӽֻӤק˳
ӵĺʱӿѸٵļռ䣬СǸо־壬ڽɪɪ
Ұˣ
ҰһһѽɵҪȥħץ˾һҲһμʱĺ£ҶЩ£ҪϷŪˡ
ûϷŪԽ˵ħǶ֡
ֱһץһҲô
ô˵Ҳ
Ǹͻˡƺˬľ͵Ǹħ֮⣬ӦûбҪҰɣʲô


75 
ҰһʵιƵ, ϾǰʶˣܹеĻӦǸɿˡ
֮ǰ˵Ǹʲôݷ޲𣿡ƼҰһû˵ֱӰѻͱ, ֮ǰʹңҵĽ飬ȻҸ, Ӧø㽲ɡ
ȷǽʱҰһںѾסˣҰһɱǸʲôݷ޲ң°Լϡ
ĵĵȴҰһҰһҲû˼ܾãܿ͸˹ƴ𰸡
ûҪɱ
ǣвƱ˵δڻ̫Щ
ӦûǧꡣҰһ˵ͷֻôúܶȥ
֪Ƶͷֹһж԰, ͦ־, ҲӦֹ㣬ʷǺѸı, ЧӦķ, һ½ķ籩, ǴδˣӦװɡ
Ұһ㵵˵˺ŵ֪ۣӦǳƽǵʲôˡ
֪ҲܶడοֶԽʱĹҲеġ
ĵظ칫֯Ұһ˼һ»ش𣬡Ϊ˵ĵظ֯졣
ǵȻбġ
ŶŶŶֶӦòǿⷭĵİɡ
ֱ׳ǲȨ׼
ûиҰһ˵ǣʵעy޲ҲѾܾˣֻûа취飬ֻ鷢չ
Ŷˡ
Ѿܶˣйy޲ЩڣͶ˺ܶˣЩǺ鷳ģҪߺֱܶӵµظֲá
Ҫ˲ˣҲԹˡ
ϲɻͶµĺôܲأֲȱҲô£϶Ҫİɣ
ﾡð
һ뵽Ӱ࣬ƵıһϵֱһܳܵסģǾþ˵ҰһҲţȻҪˡ
ƶԼǳȻֻй¶һ㣬³¸ϽҰһۿɼһȻ塣
ɱûɡ
ûûģǰҪɱ
ڲҾ㹥Ҳûа취ҡҰһš
㶼˵ܻһǧ꣬Ŷʮɣôۻôأ
þҲ˵ľ
y޲ҪʲôʱڲŶ೤ʱ䣬Ұһǿ϶ûа취ɱy޲ҵġ
ȻҪһҲνǹƿ϶Ұһڿ϶ɱ޲ңɱˣҲӵٴΪ˼䡣
˾г徢ڸı˵
ϰ˳Ȼϲ˵飬ʵڿˡ
ǵûа취飬ⲻиҰһ
ҰһҪıδÿ˳һˡ
ɱ˹y޲ҵҰһ϶ûа취ȥˣǾͿ˳µİҰһ
ļƻ
ԽԽͷĿҰһ۾ͣ㡣
лл
ڵĺϢҪˣɱǸy޲ҵĻҪºܷʬ֮޵ģûʲôҪ
ⲻʲôû𣿵̸֮Щɣһܱܿδôܿá
ǺðɣҾʹȥˣǰܳҿǺòײ׷ٵץƴӻóһݸҰһıĻͰȼҾͻġ
ҰһҲ֪˵ĸıǲɱy޲һȥ֮ûдġ
ҰһĵͷֻûֱӻصǴҵĴųȥˡ
ˣ
ѳΣ湻ٻȥ
ҰһãȻ

Ұһзŵҩûסҩ˳
ҩҰһģҩͻȻѡģҲ֪òãҰһãҩܻɹ
ҩ֮󣬹y޲ҾͻΪ彡ࡣ
ǣy޲ҳΪ彡ĻԤԼԸ񣬱һɱ޹
ڿǲܵġ
ԣھɱy޲Ұɡ
ûбҪˡ
Ұһ̾һөݣæȥҩץҩ
өݽӹҩһͻעĿ·ȥҩˣҰһǴ˹Ƹµ
úдšٹơ֣ӦþǹƵְλ
˵˵Ƭ
͸¶鱨ϢˣһֱעˣҲ֪ķչֻûа취ֻԹۡ
ȻҲпΪĹʵ̫æڲ
ǿôյӣҲǺæ
ټϸղŹ˵ģǵдԽʱĹߡ
ԼĹߣǲǿԻصԼӦûȥأ
˵ĶֻƶҰһ·ǻؼĿĲĿꡣ
֮ǰڴʱں͹ɱһնɱ׷ɱy޲ң˿߹y޲֮⣬ҲһԭΪԼҲؼҵ·Ϊ˷ֹԼһй;
ҪһĿתԼעܲȥԼôܻؼҡ
һԣҰһôܲĶ
Ұһ¶˾Ҫ̯ӣȻȥйԼ贩ԽʱյĻһ¡
ҪߺŵķУǾɱȥˡ
ȥܷôͦһͦ͹ˣĥ־ܶ
͹ƶ֪Ұһʲôֲľֻ֪Լ֮Ұһ״̬úܲٲɥˡ
͹ƴ̸ô
ƴ˸ҺܴҲ¶˾ġҰһǰөݰץҩһ֦ɫ˰
ҩɫ˰ǿùy޲һָҩҰһھҪҪҩy޲Һȵ
˵ĻˣĻֹȥԼ
Σ
Ҿɱ˹y޲ҡ
ҩϵɫ˰⻨ǴƹƯģڿɲ򵽣Ҫٽء
⻨ֺÿҲֻҵĹͻҲŻʹãв٣ֻûԺ
ôɣ׬Ǯ
Ҳأ⻨ϡУɶúܣҲͲֵǮˣվֻһ仨
껨κùy޲ҵҩ
ţȷ𣿡һ٣ڵĻжģ֮˳⻨ǻġ
ҰһֲܹͣﶼҲıǵ¡

y޲ңǵ


76 
ĻҰһĴš
ûⷽȥ, ҲûΪҰһûж԰˵Ұһ̫Զ, ƽ֮ǰеֵط
һǷǳᶨΨߡ
Ĳܸڳһӳî, ĸԿԴ֣Ҳɲֺ͵
ֱۼʶˣй
ҰһҪһЩΪǰӴ͹ƽѣһЩڵҲ˽⣬ȻҲ֪ɫ˰
ܲǵɡ˵ҪǵĻʵҪܶ࣬ͿԳְץȥˡ
û˵y޲ǵľ񡣡
ǾͿܲˡ
ǵĸ٣Եĸ֪y޲ҾǲǵʵȻû˵, Ǿǲ, ǵ͸ò
дԽʱĹ𣿡Ұһ˺ܾõ׼ʳ⣬Ȼ, ȷе, ֻеԱá
, ǲǸ˵ˣ㵱ء
ƻԼҲյȥ䣬ʵͦĶģϾɵĵЩûôغ͵塣
Ҳڵ
Ҳһѡء
˼ɢĺԶҰһֻǰһСᡣ
ģʵҲЩĶ
ǰΪеĴڣʽһֱ޹˼ɣԼûʲô£ȻԺ˵Ҫĥˡ
֮Ҫɱˣ϶Ҫµġ
Ұһ¾ɱ˹y޲ҡ
ҪµģȻԼͲҪΪڡ
֮Ұһţࡣ
¸ıʷȴıʷҪѰŵĽ취ʵ֤Ǵġ
ԼνŽ취ʵֻڲͣļӿ˵Ļ𣬵ͷǻ˶뱯硣
΢΢һЦ
Ѿ¶ˣҾͲˣȥҪĴ㡣ɫ˰ԼСҪˣԼ
ѾʮˣҰһǿѾˡ
֮ıֿɲʮĳˡЦΪ㰲ȻҺܸˣҵĴ赲ĽŲǾͱĩˡ
Щ棬δʱǲкܶڱأ
Ұһסˣòŵ˵ͷ
ֲá˻֣ҪɳҪʲôⶼˣԼ˼ɡ
˵꣬Ұһķ뿪ˡ
ľŹϵ΢ɲ飬ȴһȻҰһϡ
סɫͷԺ쵽˲ӡ
̫ѷˡ
ȫ˵ˡ
ҰһС˵۹泤ģĸͥг游ֳǳϲԼԼΪĹϵ㱻ץ֮󣬼ıǴﵽ˲̬ĳ̶ȡ
ʦ֮΢Щ
ʦĹܽҲǳϸ񣬵ѵ֮ʦһλǳĳߣһֱԼķʽ
ΪԼʦСһֵĹϵʦǶǲûͻ»϶ЦԶԵġ
ڳ֮ҰһŸ׺游ƣҲûܹʲôۺĥѣһܶɴ飬游ȥˡ
˿ȷǹ簮ˣǱνġ
ҰһȽûбϣǺúõĻںԶһ棬Щϰӡ
ֻͻȻȥ˴ʱûϤ˸ӻ鶼ֻԼҪǸͷˣϿ࣬û˸׻Щµġ
һֱûôһʼԥͲҲΪһ˶Ѹٵĳɳ
ʱʵһֱùy޲ԼǿЩȻȥƽֺ֮ܿ챻ԭ͡
Ҫǰ̫аȫǣҲҰһСӿеʱҰһûзӦǾͰһиҰһˡ
Ұһͻص˻ںʱ״̬
ɻǻɻûڴʱڵʱôĵ㵽ΪǱʶðᱣԼڱӻԼ
ɱİȫУҰһ̬ȣҲΪҰһԸʱҲûע⣬ںҰһżһŷԾ
ҰһԲֹˡ
Լ谭ˡ
ϸ˼һҰһ֮ԼΪȻԼʱȷЩ簮ӡ
Լֻ˸꣬ΪʲôҰһǸأ
ҰһÿһҪѣ൱ڱŷĸľ˻Ӱ죬Ұһĵ衣
ڻΪʱҰһüı䣬黹ûһչһлá
Ұһſ侲һᣬŰҩҩ˻Уɫص˹y޲ҵļ
ϵģy޲ҾȻû˯ǿԿиǰ顣
Ұҽ
ҰһӻͳҩݸԼӽҩţȥץҩʱһץˣɫ˰Ҫһζҩûõģעһ㡣
ɵ۾ź죬ӹűֽСĵķŽؿڡ
ǹ˵ġ
ɫ˰ʵв٣Ұһûаɫ˰y޲ҵĴ㡣
ɸӣڶԹy޲ҿ϶Թģõҩ֮϶е뷨
ɵȷô뷨
СĵպҩվڰҰһ
Ҳ֪ǲǴܾҰҽôһ˲͸ˡ
۾ǲԼĴҰҽõĺܣûб͸
ϢɣҲҪȥ˯ˡҰһֻǿŹy޲ҵĴûнȥ
ҪΪ˹y޲Щ׼
˵Ϊ⡯ȥ
y޲ҵȵ˰ҹûеȵҰһȵҩҲȫ֮ǰҩ
벻ͨΪʲôҰһǷһˣڸ
ѵԼûһҪ
ôԼһɣ
y޲ÿһô־ȥſڿûлǴ־ÿζ˵ûлy޲ȥſˡ
ڹy޲ҳŲ׼˯ʱڹ˵ҰһˣǸûйֱӻطȥˡ
y޲һûйʱͲˣɷԼףȥҰһҰһŽţֻд͸һ谵Ĺ֤Ұһڷ
y޲ָš
˭
ҡ
Ҫ˯ˣɡҰһ䵭ӷ洫˲
ʲôŤy޲Щŭһʱ仹ͨ𣿡
ͨҰһţȥϢɡ
ңy޲ҾͺҰһˣһΪôһ
ɷŹy޲ҵֽסˡ


77 
һҰһθ, ڼžҹ̶y޲ķɵĸ첲, ɳʹȴʲô˵
˵еעŭˡ
ȥûҽ㣬㲻׼y޲ҷסҰһſ, ˦ɷ֣ͷҲû, ƿҰһ˷䡣
Ұһ۾̾һ
ȻȥϢ, ú£ء
ɳĬĵͷ뿪ˡ˾͡鷳ˡ
ҰһͷҰһͷ֮Ÿǡ
y޲ѾҰһղŰڿСǰˣҰһдĶ
һҩ
ʲôy޲ҩ, µҩ𣿡
ţӦһˣͻáҰһ˫ֻأ㲻𣿡
y޲ҩֶʼ, ʱķ֣
šͷ, ֮ҾͿ뿪ˡ
y޲˶ڿԿϲõ, ûע⵽Ұһ˵ʲô
ҩҸ, ȥץҩ
Ҫˡ
Լָ֮, ʧȥĶҪ¶ǵλҲãƸҲãȫҪ
ЩΪԼزԼ侮ʯˣһŹ
ҰһЦЦأʲôĿѾﵽ˲𣿡
ӦøлģջصۣȷǸҽy޲ҵһγֿ˵ĻҰһȴ޶ԡ
ֻڿЦѡ
˾Ҫ˰µȥɡ
ֻڵ
ã֪ԼǸʲôˮƽıض˵ֵһᡣҰһ˹y޲ҵſڣ㿵֮Ҫʲô𣿡
ȻҪҵĶȫy޲Ҳ˼˵ô˵֮ȴҰһи󵨵뷨
ʲô
ҾûбҪڡy޲˵ʦûʲôõĶ
ǰҰһ޶ԣɴǸЦݣɹy޲ҿҰһЦݣȴԽԽС˵Ļȫʻ˶档
ΪʲôҪôԼأ
ǾԼ뷨ǳЦ
ҲԣǸĹϵôã϶ͬԼ뷨ģ˵ȡ衣
ˣȻȥˣĺϢ
y޲ôõĺϢﶼΪϣʱһӶ˲Ź
ķ䵽Ұһķ䲻ʮ׵ľ룬ȫԼ߻ȥ
Ĺy޲ҾԼһÿɰ۵ڶ˳˲١
ſڻվɣӦǺԼûлȥϢ
ɣȥϢɡy޲Һɫ˵ӵõģһǮġ
ɵӰһ¡
y޲ֻڸмԼжĶ˵ˣˣҲûƽϣ߸˵Ļ˷䣬˯
һ뵽ͿԻָ˷ܵ˯ţֱңŴһƣ硣
˸ΣεԼߣȻоԼõ˵
Լû˷ּҼλãѱҵЩͷӶԼΪõʵòݷʢΪձһ塣
*
ɺӶסһͨ棬߻Ӻ˵˵Լߵı첻ˡ
Ѿˡ
֪˵˵ʲôɲġ
ڳΪݷҵ֮ǰҲһԷǳͨİգҲԼϵģֻΪ˾ͱ׵Ĵ򷢣˶Ʋϡ
δЩˡ
Ӻʹ־Ѿ˯ˣŵĵ򣬶ȥԺ¹⿴֡
Ȼʶ֣ʱҰһץҩҲʶ˼ȽϤ֣ҩ棬һԼץģֻмʶ
ǵҰҽ˵ġɫ˰ҪһζҩȻЩҳֵġ
һҩֻһ֣ǾӦˡ
ɫ˰
͸оǷǳҩء
ǮûдӦúܳɡ
֪Լ뷨ܷ񣬵ûа취侲ӺԼСһ𳤴С޲£˫ļҳҲ֪Է˻СʱͶס
˽꣬ӣºֻʣҲû뿪˴ˡ
ԼôģǶҲǱɱǴûԼᱻƵⶪ˶㲻ϣǵֻǸѡ
Ϊʲôƫƫأ
Ǹ첡ѣΪͶ̥ǻͶ̥һ
ˣΪʲôҪô˵
ǾԼ֤һ£ҶһģǰƽȵģȻ޲Ҵ˿ԼҲ޲Ҵɡ
ѾԼˣֻҪ޲ܹ޺ˡ
һҹû˯ôһҰһҲû˯ڷһֱŴӷ
ɡҰһסҪŵɣǮ𣿡ʵ
Ӧǹˡ죬һȥļᶨҰҽĵΡ
֪ԼΪܻǣҰҽҰҽôãӦЩġ
ǡ
ͻȻҰһһͣ˼ֱ֮ҪҰһһۣۿ
ȥɣܰԼ뷨ȥ
߬ǮվҩſڳŲҽȥ
ĽŷǳҵĶԿǺĶ죬ȴһֱ֪ͣԼܿҪپԼһǳҪһͻٲ
Ұһʰһ·ĶԼƷŽ˾档
⣬ԼҪ뿪ݷˣܲܰԼĶȫ
y޲˯ڶ콫𴲡
ԺˣҲԼ𴲣֮Ͻ˴Ժˡ
ӡ
ץҩ˭
ɣһͳȥˣһӦþͻˡСĵĻش𣬡ȥ緹
С뿪y޲ſΣһôϣɵӰ
ڿɲԼĹһԼ֮һºˡ
ô棬岻ܴ粻֪𣿡Ұһأ˱ߣͳһС˺һϸë룬С˴
ʲô
ģ̼ѨλģԸҩЧٸ
y޲˻һ
ҰһЦЦû˵
ʾǸλ̱
Ұҽһءɴ죬ҩȻһڼһߵĹy޲ҵʱȻֹ͵ͣס˽Ų֪Ȱҩֱӹȥ
޲Ҵˡ
ҿץҩ
һ飬еҩҰһֱߣҰһҩ𿪣ÿһСĶţȻᡣ
ҩƷʻҰһ佱Ұɣȥҩˡ
ִֻͺáɶͷðϽҰһЪžͺãôͿˡ
Ǿ鷳ˡ
ҰһϸĵĸҩҪôÿʱ䶼ĺϣһһߵͷеĵȫ
ס𣿡
ɵͷ
Ǿȥɣǵպû򡣡
һġ
ɵЩ¯ǰҩʱҩϣҩϣȻ˦侲
ԼҪô
ʹͷٵһȴˡ
ȥɣܰԼȥ
Ұҽ¶ģҩȫ𿪡
һʱȴ濴һʵģȻǸժ²õɫ˰걻ѹЩ䣬Щңһۿȥ֪Ǿɫ˰
û򣬶ֹҩģֻҰҽ
ҽֹҰ
ôȷ
˺þò侲ǵɫ˰һζҩǾ󶪽ȥɫĻȴôҲ붪ȥ
ˣڻǺģϡõĻ¯档
˻ɿССһػ棬ڻûסĿ
Ѿ붬ԺҶȻ侻СˮɺˣֻʣѾõҶӡ֪⿴˵ķ羰ʲôÿģֻҰһǳᡣ
ҳҩ֮ܿͻ𣿡
ԣܿͻʹˡҰһ϶Ļشֻʹ྿˵ʲôֻԼ֪
õҰһĻش𣬹y޲Ǹ˵ģȻһɣõ˳ŵֻǸ˵ģҪҪһֱҵҽҪʲô
ͲˡҰһܾϻкܶಡ˵ȴȥҽΣҺܿͻ뿪ˡ
ΪʲôҪ뿪ô˻ʩչ𣿡
̫СˣܴԶҪĶࡣҰһС˵Ķ˶٣漴СȻѹy޲Ҹ˷
Ѿ붬ټϽǺܺã̫ûгģ洵ķҲĹεۣҲֻйy޲ܹĺôܵ档
µ˵ЩҰһĻҰһ͹űߣ۾ХķС˵
Ұһy޲ű죬ĺҰһһɰҩ˹
Է𣿡y޲ҵ˰죬ûûס˵ڱҪҵʲôתעȻҪñըˡ

ˮ𣿡
ʡ
ʲô 
ϽҩȻ뿪ҰһۣصĽŲ֪ɹˣÿǰ·ţ˳Ķҩ
ɶһҩСķ˹y޲ҵǰ֮˺վһߡ
һҰһĲȴûдҰһƽϿʲô
Ұҽ̫侲ˣ侲ʲô
ΪʲôҰҽôƽʲôʱ򿴴ԼԼʲô
ԾķŶҰһû취ӡ
ҰһڿɣɿҰһʱȴʶһ
y޲ʹĺҩѵûпܡ
Ҳ֪ܺҩ֪֮ǲãy޲ҾԼ˲٣ǰҩʱ򶼲һ
εҩԱ֮ǰõĶˡy޲ҿ佱ûп㡣
ллˡ޶ԡ
ҰһҩЧͼӰµҩ̫ɽ֮Ȼͱú˺ܶࡣy޲ѾҪӶ˷žͿԺߡ
ԭy޲ѾҪ˷Ųſ߶ȫԲ÷ŶͿĴЧùy޲ҷǳ˷ܣ޲óȥڲݷǰҫһȦ
ѾˣÿڴϿˣѾͨһˡ
סˡ
ҪԼȫſԳȥҪÿ֪ʲô߹
ҰһôſڿȻ¶Цݡ
y޲©һģʱҰһЦᣬ߹ȥվҰһǰҳȥɢ
ô±˿𣿲ѾˣѾ˰ɡҰһһѾĲ裬Ȼ 㲻Ļνġ
Ǿҳȥ䣬ûʲô²𣿡
Ұһʱ䣬ʱ仹ļ豭£˺ɫ֯͹y޲뿪Ժӡ
±Ĳݷҵ˿y޲ҾȻֱӴΧǽ淭ȥ
˺ܶ࣬ܶǰ붼ԾԾҪһ飬ҰǽһҲϹݵΪ
ҰһȻҲǽˡ
ΧǽϣԹy޲֣Χǽy޲ҵҰһĻҪһЩֻܸоҰһ˿˿ģЩ䡣ûϸʱҰһɿΧǽϷȥ
ֻ˸ߵΧǽԶҰһ˵ʲôǶԴ󲡳Ĺy޲˵ͺˣֻҰһİ·ǽҴΧǽȥҪһſԡ
ҰһΧǽſ֣ʾy޲
ɫܰƫƧĽ䣬ֻƾ¹ǿľɫ
׵ľ룬ڰͽҰһڵĿݣֻܿһɫӰԼ֡
y޲ûԥֱȥȻһ˫ֱ۽סˡ
ҰһԼò˶٣첲ҲϸݵĿ⣬˫ȴǳаȫУ̲ס
ҪȥҰһʵϿûʲôԿá
ϵľȫ֣ʲôùģٳ֣ھĽй䣬϶ᱻЩµļһֵģⲻͺ͹y޲һʼصĳԱô
ȥְɣҺþûȥˡ
ϴιy޲ϽѾǰ֮ǰ֮ǰǿ֧ţҲ̫ʱ䣬ԺӶô˵֡
Ұһÿɷ
ƿӣ˸ӿĴ·ϡ
ʱy޲ҲҰһܻӭ̶ȡ
ÿ˶ʶҰһÿһ˶кҰһԽгÿһ˵֡ǴĿɲǿԱסĹ壬Щ˵·ŲȻƽײ㣬пƽ񶼲ǡ
ΪʲôҪסûбҪס˵֣
ʱ䲻ȥǹǸùϵЩƽһⲻ˷ʱ
ΪʲôҪǵ֣ûбҪ
ϰˡҰһش⣬ֻǾôĹy޲Һܷ
ʵ̫࣬еʱ򶼲֪ҪôشԳĬѹy޲һߡ
Ҫֲ٣ȫˣٴصŮŮ·Цţ·߻ŸСԵ̯λľͷ̵ߵ̯λ
мӣȻôô֡
Ұ
ţ˽ԼҰһʶĻعͷ·ĹͷϲŹߣ
һվҰһ޲ңµü
˵Ǹ𣿡ʵ
Ұһͷ㻹ûлȥ
ʱˣԹ㣬Ҿһʱ¡ָú͹y޲˵߶
ӵĳ׵Ĺy޲Щˣ˭
Ұδ˾ƤЦⲻЦϡʱɡ
ʲy޲һ˵ʲôȴתͷ뿪ˣղ˵ʲôϧʱ䣬ֻڷƨ
ܾΪ
Ұһųȥϰ࣬ҾǸѣӵõ֡
ڹy޲ҿҰһٶͱһ
Ҳ𣿡
ƴֿ˶ţһʱ˵еЩС˵˹
޲ҾǱŮԼǶŮ䡣
е֡
ʱy޲ҳҲͦĵġ
ϾһˣǲҪȽϺðɡҰһ˵˵˵Ĳأ
ʲô󡭡
ָĵһҲһ졣
ƿһᣬЩģ㣬ʱӦþͲ˰ɡ
š

Ƶĳùy޲ҵĺȫʧˣ䣬ҰһҲƢĸȥ
ڹ̨ϣۼԱߵǿŰƫԭ·ߣķȥԶԭĹ
Ұɹ
ҰһȻôˣҰһķϵ֮ʢ˰оĵ˵߻һѪĹy޲ҡ
ⲻǻû
Щ̧ͷǹ졣
ȥô򵥣һҪ졣
ԽԽ٣ҲԽԽ塣
Ұһ̵ĸڹy޲Һ棬˭y޲ңҲվѡ
 ˵ʲô˼һᣬy޲ͻȻʵ
һ˼

ָӦֵͦ˰ɡҰһǰԺӵǽҲy޲ҸקְԺ
ǳȥһСᣬû˷ǲڣԺﾲĵġ
Ұһӻͳ߰ɣ˯֮ǰһ¡
һģƳһ뵽ǸҪy޲ҾЩ
Ұһȷκ壬Թy޲ûٻɣѵ˱ϡ
Ұһ۾ܻеۣŵ㡣
á
ܹоһһȻӿĺ鲼ȫ׹ѡ
ָоܣҰһְüģҰһԿԶ𣿡
Ҫ죬ȴѾʹˣͶŲֻƴȴһ
ѽµȥɡҰһȷy޲Ѿ޷ʱЦӦþͻᷢˡ
û˺Ҳû㣬һᱻʬɡ
y޲ҪҪȣȴôҲˣΨһܹĶֻҰһԽԽԶĽŲ͹ŵ
ɿ֣ҹǿŰڻǱԭλ
ûܸı䰡
һ¡
һǿܵ˾ѰĿʱȥ˲ݷּңɱԺӵ˲ݷ޲Һ޹Ұҽ
ݷҵ˽˵ʬװײģڶ;˵
ݷ޲ǹ壬ӦᣬҰһֻһƽԱɽһľ֮ء
ݷ޲ҵʬ屻ȼʱŻ˰䣬ɮ˵գþòɢ
ɼʬ屻ս˶Σݷ޲ɱ־
Ұ̽š
һûԼһҵģˣҲתİɣûϵұճɻҶˡ
ֻҪһһ죬ҾһҪǧУ
չڱĹy޲ұѾյòεںڰл塣ڵ۾Ӳתװͷ
ԼȷǱκˡ
ԿҰ̽Ĳ
ԼҪôźء
ںɽɡ
y޲ҴĹȥɫչ壬žš
δоԼôˬ綼С
Ұ̽ţ
ҪȥҵȻ֪ʲôŭԼĴۡ
y޲ҺܿҵҰһĹأǸĹغеͬķĹǰű˵ĹʻһССĵ
ƾʲô
y޲ҷŭƷϵĹƷó˼צӵٿ˷ĹҰһʬ˳֪ôģʬʳûпסڵ˺ҧţʬʳ
ѾŹȥҰһͻȻ̧ͷͷһᣬҰһûи
˰ҷˡ

νˣ߰ɡ
ƲĿһۣȴǴȥħ
û뵽ҰһȻزԼҲɴ䣬ѼʶĹҲһһ㶵ġ
y޲ûҲˡ˵ϲȥϰࣿĸطȱˣʵϰͿϸˡ
ȵȣҲǰҩ޲ҡ
Ǹɵ͵͵ɫ˰ˣ޲ұ˹㱻ճ̿ҲǸˡ׾ٵķҰһŬ
Ұһ͵ı飬ѵֽһ䡣
㲻⣬ѾıܶˡߣΥɱy޲ңҲбĹyвңɣҪy޲һȥ
Ҳ˵һСȫû𣿡ҰһЩ
˵ûðɣֻ˵㻹ûа취졣
̹ҰһѾܺˣƤӵ·ûгɹҲôȥˡ
һ̫ˡ
뿪㣬ԺˣҰֵֵµĵĥҰһļ򣬡߰ɣȥħ


78 
λҰɡҰһߵħҰһӰ˸ߵļ̧ͷ, ڵҲ˵ء
ҰһЩȣҵĶѾ𣿡
Ƕʲô, ǺأΪȥû뵽ȻˡħЦȻҪʵϰ죬ܿͿתȻء
ڵֽȱ, Ұܹǰæˣڵ, ӵⷽܵҰҲܰæƴӰ칫ԱߵСƳһ, Ȼ֮ǰҪС
ֱߵСƳźܶᣬŵһɫľᣬʣµȫǺɫģղŹõľǸɫᡣ
򿪿һ, ֶһѾ
ʲôˣôþֻô㻵𣿡
¼Żµɫᣬ¼µĺɫѾһСɽ򿪿һ ܿ¼Ұһÿһ, ޷ǾǾ˶ȻʲôӰ֮ġ
滹кܶҰһ֪, ҲûбҪ˵
ڻᷢġ
, һ㰲ŷ, Ȼ쿪ʼʽʼʵϰҰһнеķǳ, 쵽ҰһûܷӦ
Ѿ𣿡
Ͼûʲô£Ҫ𣿡ƿһۣ㿴ҲǲС
ҰһɫľᣬʵдĲ٣Ұһһʱ࣬
ΪʲôԼСʱ򴲶д˰
ʵǲĿĶæѾ˹ƵĻ
Ȼȥû⡭ҴҪʲôʱſʹʱأ
Ҫεĳ̶ȰɡεĻҲԳʱȥħ˵ĹͲô²俪ʼ𡭡ʵϰĻڹ߿𣿹ƾΪپӴʺ֡
鷳𣿡ҰһĴʱҲ⡣
ϾԼֻǸûʲôͨˣܹһʹôĻűȽ֡
﹤ӦþԼӦøıꡣ
˶ѡƲ⣬Լİ칫߷һӣȻԼ΢һļҰһϡ
Щ.ϣȰЩס֮ٸ񡣡
˵һȥԼŷ䰡
ˣǸˡ
Ұһû뵽ԼȻԻֶ
ֻ
ûмǴĻڲǡƽʱΪʲôڵĵֶֻˡ
ʱ򿴵ĵǷǳͨǻֺĹŷ罨ûôִʩ
ĽȻǷǳŷĽܹƷʵĶҲǲܹʹãֻܹͨźȫδģ룬ôã㻹ܹ㸸ĸĵ绰ϵʽĻԴͨúܹ󡣡
ܹûƽ𣿻ƽĻҵв١
ˣԻİɣʳʳԻ𣿡
ԡ
ôһ˵ħ͹Ƶˣϵˡ
ΪڻƽʱڣСֹ͸˼֮˻ԱҲô࣬ǵĳʳ󲿷ֶߵĹԱըǹٵ£ܹԵģʵҲֻһЩС֮Ķ
˵ȥδҵԵģֻ䡭ⷽܵĻͦϵġ
һֱӻĳԵĹһҪúõһ
Ұһû뵽Ȼô࣬ͽҰɡ
õҰһŵĹƺħ㡣
ûʲôǱ๤֮ȥһٺõĸʹˡ
ʳ.󣬹ƺħɻʱ򶼳˸ɾȵ°໹Сʱʱ򣬹ڴӰļ̧ͷȴȥ桭Ȼ𣿡
ᵽʣƵ۾һȣȴҰȥŶ㲻Ҫ͵
û͵
ǡƲŲţҪħ͵Ҳ쿴
ҰһȫһССİ汻ƸˣҰһԼ;ȫڣҲµĹߣֻҪѶŻطԼϢϸڡ
Ҳ֪ǲΪѾ˱ɹԭҰһһļȻһҲƣҲ˯ȥӰࡣ
Ұһ־ʢΣƱʾǳ͡
Կ͵ˣֻҪ֮ԼͿɲ٣иʱϢ
ڵûãټļģÿ춼µħ͹ÿ춼æĽŴףǳеҪѪҺԭİСʱĹҲԼӰൽ賿
ҪԶûóԣһӰĻһ컹ʲô˼
ƸҰһŵķһȵͷһӹĺңһȰ͸Ĳź棬Ƿǳִ䣬ͨˮ
Ҳ֪ǲ⣬ֳһС˳
ܸоˡ
䣬Ͳǧ֮ǰƽĵ
֪ϲʲôľ͸㰲˱Ƚͳĺҷ䣬ϲִķĻԸװ޹˾绰װ޹˾¸װһ¡
ƾ鷳رһһ£·
ڻߴŵİɫԡ£·һ㣬İɫ뻻ˣղŰڻħûа취ڻصԼķ϶ҪԼϲ·
ŶõġתȥţҰһ˽˵Ŀռ·
ǰľԼе·֮󲿷ȫǺɫģֻСǺɫɫ·˱Ƚϲ۵ĺɫãԼеĶš
ƿһۣϤһȦħĽ
ڻûе°ʱ䣬еҹ䣬ټħֻǼˡ
ڴϤһ£Ȼ쿪ʼҪʽסطλãʱͲܴȥҪԼҡƵĽų̿죬185ĸӱҰһҪߴͷӸĲҲҰһҪߵĺܸܿϣƿҰһ׷ôѣ˽ŲҰһ׷ϡ
ħ͸Ĺܴ뿪ħ֮֮ܿͶ
󲿷˶ȥͶ̥ȥסˣڵ˳֮֮ˣסں޵ǣǺٳпյʱȥҲԡҰһȥ˼״̴ǲڵܷҲСܷĵط
С
ֻðͿˡޱ˵˸˵ĻʶסҰһҪҲԣʲǺܸߡ
Ұһҡͷ
̵ʱвӵţҰһûܿ淢ʲôҽǲӵסģȥһͲҽһȥһͲҽһҰһֻüҪȥ
УطﻹҪˣԺҪѧܡƿҰһӣûмͣȥ˱Ƚϰȫĵط
ûνİȫĵط洦ɼѪȵ洦пܷ
ȻҽѪȵĳ棬ִĴֱҧߵԴĳҰһ˵
ߣ˵ʱܲܲҪԡ˰᪴ߵһͷѺŵãһû˸ɻô죿


79 
᪴߾Щί
ͱڵĵҪ, Ե㶫ץˡ
ЩֲԵһ뻹ʣһ뻹ǿԻģǰҲûмƹܹ
Ϊŵ
᪴ߵʵ̫Ӵ, ڽֵ涼԰ͷ˳ԡ
Ѿ˾ռߣ㱻ҧԴҲֻվԭصͷ֮øϾֻ᪴ǳһ룬ûǸˡ
Ȼǡ
Ǻ۰
Ҳû뵽᪴߾ȻڽԶˣĵĽֵ, ᪴߶ԼϽĵطԵ顭ǾñĲ̫óԳζ
ѵ֪ҰʱȽϷ
һٵİ᪴ߺίĵͷҰһǸǸ, ŵˡ
ҰһЩӲûû¡
Ȼ֮ǰҲ׼, ֪ʲôԴ磬ֳˡҲֲ̫˰ɡ
ҿľķӦ񾭳
ԼԺҪֵط
Լıְҽ˸ͲԼƣԼͿԳá
ҰһĪ, Ƶ˰᪴һۣ᪴ߺµɪһ£ЩôӴôһ, ͺ񹥻ǰ׼
Ұһʶͳ˷, , ᪴߸Ͻ˼, Ӵȵõ¡¡, ƶͷûסָ˵ͷ˦ȥ
˵˲ҪҶ
ԡԲ᪴ίίİԼ
ӵİ᪴ߣҰһֻøղŵԼЩЦ᪴߿ͲԼǸа
㲻ù˵ġƽͣƽڽлȾƣ˴ӡ
򡢴ӣ
šΪ֮дˡ
֮еĹ¼᪴ߵһÿС᪴ߵʱͻ֮еĹ£Ҳձ֮зǳĳݡ
ҰһҲ֮зǳǸӢۡ
֮УݣҰһ˵֮еʱһǼһҲǸ޿ɾҩļһΪǼһΪͽ㳳ֱڽ١ˡ
ҰһԼܵ˳
᪴߻ᱻ̧ͷСϱһɽڰĵȴԭ£Ӣ֮лڽ١Ϊ
ʵЩڵһʲô֪ˡ
ƻ˺üǧ֪꣬ĳЩ˵СӶֻ֪һֻ۱һֻۣһֱװ·ˡ
ĸϵĺ
ƼҰһӦûдȥĵιۣЩطȽѪȣһӦǳܲģԺѭ򽥽˵
Ҫֱһ͵ܺˡ
ҪҰһֵǵȥģ̵ǰ׼ļһڰǵҲôʵ֮ǰڰǵ֮ż²۹ɸ˹ѹһ¡
Ա밢ǵʵûô࣬ĳ̶ֳ˵ͦеģͦʺҰһְ
ħӴҰһķ֮ǰǹ֭ƵĶƺ͸ҰһʱϽվڻˣҵ˺þá
Ǹղŵһʱ䡣û˿ĳ⣬ķ𣿡
Ȼû⣬ȥ׼ҰһЦҵհɡ
ȥЩƹ
ƵķڲԶóԼصľƣժ֦ݿţȥҰһķ䡣
ҰһӰӰϣȻֽ̯滭˲ʳģħһ߻ˮڵˡ
ʲôԵҿһ𻭳
衪
СҰһϽ˹ƵĻ΢˵Щʳİɡ
ƿЩźûδĳԵʲôģ嵭һЩġ
Ұһ룬ռ䵱еЩʳ˲ը֮ʳδʳƷĿϵѼͽڵǳܻӭ˲ٳӣԼǱʳȥ˳
ƿʵѸٵĳɢըͺֻûа취ܿڸݵĿ֣ħǷǳϲ֣һװĿת۾ͱȹ⣬Ұһħĸߴ󣬻˲ٷ档
ƣҰðħԵôζʳﶼҪжˣѾþûгԵôóԵĶˡ
ҧ˹ԲҪ
Ȳ˵ҰһĹΣѾǳˣֻҪõõԭλôſһ
ҰһȫûǷҲôԼ󲿷ʱ䶼Լβˡ
ȰǸ쵰öˡ
ҧĿĵķɢ˼ά
ʲôȥϤ
õˡҰһòŹӰ֣ѹӶȻǵһʹʹùǷ㡣
²ԣŪ˲ʳŵϡ
ǻ
ΪԵıȽϷ֣Ծ˻˺ܶʵʳģն˳ζ˱Ƕţ⣬۵ĺα㣬ָ߲˺;֭ཹཱུð
ƺħԼͬİϵĺ֮ȫ嵽һߣλã۾ˣ޲˹ȥ
˻ǣҰһӷ˵˿Գ֮˿ӡ
Ȼ˲Ӱ
ǶûгԷˣ
ҰһԵʳѷ̶ȱһ֪ȻòҲʳ˿ĵ˵ǱˮнҪĵʳģߵĹ
ҲżĺսңʵٵģǹܹԵһ㶫ĸë̲
ҰһţʱʱµʳģڳԵʱ򣬻ùڹʳķŽҰһ
ֻǳԲҰһҲ̫ˡ
ƾԼѺˣ˰ӣȹ꣬ˣҲҪԼ򹤡
ǸʱӦúò١
Ƴ˲٣ͣ˿ӣҰԽ˽Ķ𣿡
ѧʱѧ
⸺Ĺûⷽ˲ţĽס˶ͷЩι״ġ
ĻԡҰһӦ㱼䷢֣һ죬ͱ˺ܶ๤
ȱģȻһҲˡ
żԱȱҪæġһ߳һ˵ʱˣʵϰ
ΪְæһġûԼĿģĻһְİɡ
ûԾ鷳ˡ
ĿְҰһ˿ûԼ.ҲȫԼϵĹ࣬ڵǹҪϢͳԷеʱȡְĻȫû⡣
˭ûΪĳĿƴˡ
Ұһ¿ӣȥһֽ̯ڤ˼ȥˣûëʣ˸̿ʺֽܿ컭һŵĹͼ
ţƱһƳڿֽϵʱֱ˹
ʱƽˣ
ʲô
ûʲô
ȻĽǣҲǶı˺ܶطҰһڸĲݸ壬ȷǽһʼĲûд
㡣
ҿʷϵĽǲİ
̿ϵĶ޸ĺĽǣһģҪ˳Ӧʱչ˵żһʱ


80 
ҰһޱȺԼΪʲôҪ˵뾡ܸҲù
ȫ͹˵ڵ, ڵĵ˿ڱ, ƸոսĹֲࡣ
ԭƹ˼ҰһǸ˲Ϥתʽ, ʱϤһ, û뵽ҰһȻô˵ҪǾЩʱú˽Ĺ,
֮ĵ
췿ӵĹȷеģϾô飬ܻôǰǹӵģҪѵƵϴ, Ҫרҵʿ
Ұһ, ֽ˲Ųɶ, ץסһͲˡ
, ҰһҪʵؿſԸͼֽȻûʱҹ, ֻܽˡ
ˣҰһҲ֪
ʷϵԴ徭
ڵ칷ѲӵĶӳ, ÿ춼ҪȥѲ, ĿǰΪֹʵѡ
ţ԰æǳ, ̾ŴӦˡ
ҰһһԴ徭ʱ򻹺˷ܣԴ徭Ҳʷϵ, Ƿǳ, , û뵽ڵܼ
û뵽, Դ徭ȻԼҪôࡣ
ҰһӾͲܸߣһվԵýСţ贩Ÿ߸ߵľ죬ȻҲԼҪһЩ
Ұ𣿽㿼ЩѪŶӦóܵסɡŮţ豳ֹֿȣܹΪ칷ӶӳԲһۣв˼߳ƵĴڼţʱֻܿŽаְ֡
Ǵ򲻹
һŬӦġ
ԵĻҪҪһЩͷʩдӸƹ飬ҪĻԽ㡣
ʱˣڵЩʩӦǹõġҰһϼҡͷ
ڿɳܲôĴ̼ȥʵؿǹеڻûЩˡ
ôǳŶţִ֣Ұһļ䣬ȫѴ֮ͰطǳҰһᱧ
ҰһһʶסţĲӱƽ⣬ܱŻ߿Ρ
Ż߿ŵĻ¼ɣúܶࡣţųƴˣŶ
ƶǻ˻֣Ťͷȥɻ
ţɵĺҲ죬ҰһͷңвٶţϣֻҳӺͷͷȫҪܡ
ҰǸոȥûܵѶ𣿡
ûأ˵Ϊ̫ȫԵ´Ӱ죬ȫóͷȥĻҲǿԵġҰһԼҷɵͷȫãڳͳ˻Ǧʡ
δһдȡڽԹиŵ뷨
ǰƵǸˣ˵ǸĻױĹùΪֵҪƵĸӻֺһ㣬ǸƷʺǵ
ȥɵĺɣ˳˳ȥȥǵ˺Ǳ̫ˣôûа취ɣֻҰ˺Ǳߵˡţ˵ԼеٶȣҰһҪΪ۾
˵ʵе̫ؿζˡ
ҸʱҲӦˣϰˣϾǳΪ֮˵ģ˻ʱˣҲͶˣôѪȵĶ̫ʵûôԽܡ룬ҵĻһҵʱͽء
һ£ɡ
Ϲսѽʬѳɽľ󶼼ǸҽӦûмô̵ľ󣬽ܵһЩҲ
ţ˵ţʹҰһɵ˰ȵĵһ
ͷĶΪɱ˷֮ģһһεľɱʱûϢʱ䡣
ţɵıȽϸߣ̷ɵߴǿԿв˱ʬ٣ҽ档
¶̣ȴʲôû˵
ΪЩ˶ģ϶ӦáţԴѾ˾ռߣǺ﹤ҲģΪΪ˻ʲôɵ˻ͦģԽԽ࣬ҲЩãԭĵװôˣʼ̳ˣʱָһ̳
ţҰһɵߣҰһԿһֵİ
ĵطʵǺܴģǰȱЧĹ滮кܶĵطûϡһ漰˹ҰһҲ˲ܣͳʺͱӿʼ滮ôƬط
ţǶȿԺ׵ĿҰһͼǸʱĻȽ⣬ûмôؾصͼǳĲȥԼ뷨
˵ʲô͹Ǳ߼ϵƬʲôġ
ͷĹߺصûйϵ𣿡Ұһһ֮Щգⷽһ˽̫ˣҪȥĵһȷÿķֲ֮仹ҪзͨеͨӦǿԵİɣ֮ļе󣬺
Ұһһֹһ˵ЩţĻҰһָʹںϿշȥۼָֽĲɫǣŰ˼ȥ˵ڶ㸴
ȺҪȣдĻҵϣѺڻػкֱ俳ɱ̸ָ
ţҰһŴĻ棬Ū꣬ȥһ
ҰһΪһԿȵǺԲ̫ܡ
һֻѣʣµļ㻹Ҫ죬˵а˺
ΪͣţҲһԷħʱ˺óԵĺԺȣԲһȦ˵ҰһЩóԵСʳ˵ȦʲôģþûܳԵôóԵĶϾǵ˿վͳԣҲòȥȽֻϢʱڣʱǲ˹֮µġ
ţҲҰһҰһķԱס칷ǱߵٻȥסϣԷʱԲһڡ
ҰһʱҲ
Ϣʱ򣬻Ұһһ˵һֱʹõ̷漰йĶ
ЩļԶ
ҰһЩļҲ˹ƹϽϸڰֵټЩȷΪãҲų⣬ͷѧϰȻ֮ٸţȥӲ죬극ѧϰͼֽ
Ҳɹ֮õԼܲˣȻҰһûкúϢ϶Ҫġ
Ѻһͼħħϲʱ֪ԼʱһЩˡ
߲ݵĻͼֽԸȥ濴ɻ
еʱҲȹy޲֮ԼһҪҪԼ£ݺݵԸѵ
ô˵
Ұһ֪ʱ򣬱󣬾һЩǳģȫܲ˵뷨Լʲô֣˿Ұһʱı仯ֱһĴ
һʼͷʱ£治ɫٵڵĥµ̷Ҫõy޲ϡ
ȻǺ͹ƴദʱ̫˰ɡ
Ұһ֪֮Ҳ֣һ˿ԴĵطڳĬﱬڳĬ̬
ҰһѡڳĬ̬
ƷõһºȻ˱Ƚʵϸɵǳ޽ʵǵĻԡ
ڼڵг֮壬Щһʮȫƽ֮£ĸͽ跢չķǳ졣
ҰһΪܼ๤ҲæĲֺ
ôͲءҰһһΰţæʱ̾ҪǻɵĻкܶͻ᷽ܶࡣ
ذʵҲ֪Ϊʲô᳤칷ʹĻӦûõ𰸰ɡţ˵ƴ˻˺ܾˣħҲԣӦö֪ġ
Ƚȥʱʰɣǰ̫ˡ
νŶܹﵽǳˡţ˵άΰһǵһοġ
ţҰһ¾뿪ˣҪһֱȵһ𿪹ģܼôֵľ
ħ˽Ĺſڰ칫ϴͳСʳһڣĺİ
ĵĻȥҪ˷ʱ䡣ƵĹû꣬æͷ
󲿷ֵ䶼ȥ๤Ҳ˵ЩµĹкܶ඼ϡƵǲЩڵŬۣΪδʡ
ڽк滮֮Ժͻ٣ҲһæĽŴ׵ˡ
˵һʱһֱڰţæûʳǲǺ鷳
𣿡Ƶûע⣬ʱ䶼æҪ˳Էʱύһ£ʱûʲô
Ǿ͸һʳˣɵȷе鷳
ҿҼǵС˲ƵĲ˲
ǸǷͼ𣿡
û̫⣬Ϊ˻ðɡħ˼ȵ֮һͿְнǸʱͻɺܶ࣬Ǹĺִš
ϾƽˡӣҲ֪ЩʲôǼһô

ôȥ𣿡
ǸԭǱ߲˵Ҫðȥԭġħ˵Ϣ֮ûбðһɻ뷨ˡ
ν͸ԭ
ԭЩˡ
ڽ˽ĹпȥͼݸҰһ飬ʵ˲ٵطҰһ֪Щ֮⣬мֳȥСĵط
ЩطŶȥûãҲùܣֻɼȥţôQֻҪӰƽͿԡ
ǻֵ˲飬ҲǼӵĻһѹ
ֻҪʲô˵
ڶѳɽͼ棬òҵûʲôȥ飬ȷĶȷʵУŰȥҰһ
ȥıȽɣҰһջؼңƺǸϴ׼ȥÿʱ˳ְͷɣӦÿã֮Ͳþţæˡ
Ұһһ£Ϊ¹ȥҹʿûʲô취û뵽ƾȻԼˣ˽취ĶòˣõģԿɲԣеĻȥֿԷеķҲǿһá
Ұһǳ˵Ľ˹ҸһٷǳʢĴΪл
ԺҰһı꣬ԵĹӾõĴ𰸣ߵʱ򣬺뵽ʲôʱһȥĻҪȥ𣿡
ڻԳȥĵزɡ
һȥ˵ĻԼy޲ء
Ұһæôʱ䣬͸æʱ䣬֪ʱʱѾȥ˺üꡣ
ͬʱ˸ʩǿɲһС̣ʱ䲻֪ľ͹ȥˣΪʱæµûôעʱţʱȷǹ÷ǳ졣
y޲Ұ
æôʱ䣬ҰһҲһʼʱ򻹼ǵùy޲ңæľ͸벻йy޲һˣôһѣҰһy޲ҡ
ڼy޲ҿ԰ص𣿡
Ŀش𣬡ϾڻڣӦڴʱڰɣϾδʱ㲻Ǵ֪𣿡
ǹy޲ʧʱڴʱڣս֮ǰʱy޲ûҪĹֻսʱ̹Եһˣ齨ʮ¡
ʱʲô𣿡
ô
ҰһͷʲôطܳҲĵط𣿡
̫֮Ȿǲ
ҰһģŶҺٻ̫š
ǲһ֮ԭƫůѾԹʴƫڰڵĻ̫ܲٻ

Կɣڵ϶УҪȥӦûԡƻ˻֣Ҫߵʱһġ
˵ǹʱ䣬ʵ˺ܾá
õѾϣѾ¹ƲҪ
һᡣ
΢ԼϵİɣŶá
Ұһһָͷʮ˰ɡ
޽꣬˰ǵθʮʱѾܳˡ
ʮʱúܶı䡣
ʮѡ
ǧĹƶʱŲǺУ˵ʮʱҲ൱İң㲻ʲô
ڿʼ죬ҲܴӷæﵱҵʱȥԼɵ£ʱ棬Ұһһְнϣٻģy޲Ҷ׵Ժ
ǺӰһ˵ġ
æµʱкܶ౯˴뷨ֻʱš
һú˵ϲѹեԱ˾ʱ
Ȼȥתһת飬Ұһǲġ
ȥǵ˼٣ԷһǸƳˬľˣҰһһܵļڣȥú÷ɡ
ֻߵʱ򣬹ƺҰһħеħ
ħУŲɫƷѹŵ˹ڵϱѹţ̧ͷ
ɣ20͵͵ԼβҩӺδǧ˵֪
֣Ұһʱסˡ
ûҰһĽŲĻعͷֻҰһץ֯½󣬴ͷ֪ʲôµӰùƿ۾ֻܿҰһ¶°
ɡƾЩ죬˼һ£ȻԺҵ˵ϡ
ⲻǶ˹y޲ҵҩǸ
ڲʱ仹ͦģٵˡ


81 
˾Ȼû𣿡ƼʵҲЩ, Ϊy޲ͰԵ, û뵽Ȼޣʮ
˵y޲Ҹûзɸɵأ
߰ɡƽҰһ, , ô꣬㻹ǷŲ𣿣
顭ܷµİɡҰһЩͷ, ķӦȷԼһʼԤҪ࣬ٷŵıȽϿû˵ȥΪʲôҪôһ¡
һҲҪȥ𣿡Ұһ͹, ħ˸к, ս, ҪСء
ѹŹڵϵɻӲ, ͷ̧
֡˵ʣô궼޷ͻ, ε˼ΪҰҽôԺȥתͶ̥, ֱȥ, ûԼȻڵ
ⲻӦð
ôõ, ӦȥΪʲô
ҰһĿת˷СƳϵɵľᡣ
Ұһٻ, ܹ͵ħ󲿷ֶйʲô, ֻǰ漸ò׼ġ
ҿԿ𣿡
Ȼԡ
֪Ұһ·ǳ, ȫûд, ǳʱִһԼ칫ϷŵĹ
ɵľľ޾ϸļ¼ɴӳ׵¼˼ֻӣԷʱ˵ʲô˵ĻϸڣȻҲĶ˹y޲ҵҩ¡
ҲΪ£Ⱳӹƶ޷ӵ뿪
Ҫ밢ǵ𣿡ҰһעǸͣ˺ܾãڻǿʵ
Ȼħ˵ľٶ˽˵Ͳңдڰǵǧ꣬ټ˹Ե31ˣҪټǧĳͷһǧꡣ
ǧ֮⣬ӵϲ׹޼Ҫǧ꣬ǧҲܾĥҲ˵ɱдǧĳͷ
ǧ갡ǻҪȺþáҰһþᣬ̫ϧˣһΪͿڰǵء
ǰҰһԼӡеǸµӣ·ڵ⼸ʮûоʲôѡ
һǲǺǣţħʲôҪ𣿡
ҲԽ޴ҵģôͷôͷ
ֻҰһ϶ҪԽһС
ǰ޲ȥˣ
ɲҿҰһѾϱ˪Ǿ飬֪ʱѾ޷ԭԼˣԼ밢ǵҲãϾһжԼɵġ
ţ޲š
ҵȻ֪ţ˲ϲĹҰһǰ˼ȻûгԵ㡣
Ƶġ
һʼոʱ򣬻Ϊûɾͻ˺ܳʱɶûٺʱ̫ˡ
û뵽ʱʮ꣬ҰһȻĵȵɡ
ԭкܶĻҪɵģڼɵʱȻʲôʲ
ϸڶǲ̫ˣ̸׷
ģûиʱôˣɵʱ˾֮⣬ҲûʲôҪ뷨
Ըĳͷڵѡ
ڵĵλȫҪԾֻ֣Ҫڰ칫Żӳⷽٱɡ
ʮȥѾϤ˰ǵתʽڼЩܷ˵ĥʱҲ治ɫǵ⡣
𣿡ƴһļ̧ͷҰһںǸɾ̾һʵ
ʱм޲𣿡
ε˵ͷ
˵ʲô𣿡
ɹڵϣڷ϶ҪֱſڵϣȻǺ¼ˡ
Сеġ˵ҵġ
ƺܼԼǰ̤ҹɫĲݷ޲ҶԼ˵Ȼ˽Լ
ûоòʣֻǾԽѡ
֪ԼһоʲôĽô겻ʲô֪ģ֪Ϊy޲ҵĲݷ޲ұݷ׷ɱһеԼӦģǲ֪ΪʲôȻ
޲ҽԼץÿγ˵ʱ򶼻ᵱԼԣȻ˵˵ζΣҪҪһڡ
ǶԼ
ԼûжĻǲͲĹˣ
ʲôԼӣ
εĻںޣڵĻں޸޲ֻܲϵĥ
ʵ屻y޲ĥ͸֧ûйͳŲסҪˣǹy޲ҼԼҪˣȻԼѪι
ûа취̫ҪΪʳĹ
y޲ҽⶪԼǰü˺üԼȥԣԼ
Ȼûͷȥ
һ뵽ͷԼסؿšҵĴҵĴ
Ұһץɵĺ죬Լ㷸µĴµȫڵʱ򳥻һලģһֱڵܳͷһһ鱻Եģ㺦ЩĸоΪԵЩ˸ۡ
ֻǿޡ
ˣӦý˰ɣǸóȥˣٲȥҪʱˡƵһᣬڽſڽҰһҰһɿ֣ͳ˲֣Ȼûյ
佫˳ȥһ㷴ûУô͹
ѹħСĵʵǲˣ
ѡƱԼлվԭصҰһ߰ɡ
ˡҰһ֣ħ˵ͷŸŹ뿪
Ұһûʱ͹һ죬֮䲼ЩεĳĬ
湤ϼǵûĹǰ˴ӵͨ˼ͨ㲻ҪóȥǷɡ
ʲôʮϢʱ䶼û𣿡
Ұһעƻתƣɺ͹y޲ϱ䵽˼Ӱ档
üʮˣɻ϶ûϢ괦ڼӰͼӰ·ϣ΢һЩüӰൽǿ˯þ
İȥĻᵱ˷ɡ
û뵽ƾȻϾȻҪصӰ࣬ЩԽˡ
ڵô࣬㻹𣿡Ʋûл·ͰѽǸһ£Ͼ͵࣬·ҲǲģҪء
ȥʵ뿴һʲôӣŻùƴҰһȥһ
ʵҰһڵְλѾֻû˵ѡ
ƻҪԼһ½ǣҰһضòˣϾˣ֮Ҳ̬ûгһĹǡ
ֻǴϾʹӴ뿪һͨ
ûа죬ǵİһֱ͸һĸоҲ̫졣
˳ʱ仹ɣ峿Ҫʱ̣ûб̫ɹ۾ۣ˶̫ͻֱӿʼһĵ顣
ȥƸҰһһַټϡ
ĵַһ򣬾мʮ
ǰҰһۣһС㡣
ţҰһ֣ܿ˹
лл
ȥɡƴ뿪̫á
Ұһ߬ŵַתǸȥ
޲ңˣ


82 
y޲úܿ֡
ȻݷҵƨƵ׷ҪɱԼ, 廹˳, Ҳɫ˰
֪ɫ˰ʲô֪ͨĺɫ˰ʲô, ɫ˰Ļ, Ӧúͨĺɫ˰һֻɫͬѡ
Ϊҵɫ˰, y޲ϧµĹùԼȥҡ
Լһ˵޵ģԼĹȻʲôǣҲЩʲôó, Ҷⷽ, ǿóġ
²ݷҵȥץסЩʳԼڵ, ΪԼЩ, ԼĿƣֻҪǿ˵ԼһᱻԼ, ȻֱըͿԡ
ԼЩǾԲұԼġ
ôʱȥ, Լûҵɫ˰ټ, ʼϾûɫ˰ֶټˡ
˵, ϵȷɫ˰ģҰ̽ĸ˰, һֹһꡣ
ûɫ˰, ϶е, ֻԼûҵˡ
, ⴦λڶСαװһǮȴЩĸ̵̣ɫ˰ټ
ԭĸ̣
Ѿˡ
컹ûy޲Ϣʱ䣬˼
ÿ춼˼ȥɫ˰
ҰһٶȺܿ죬ʮ·ֻ˺̵ܶʱ䣬·ĳԷĲñȻǮŴ˲ñչƸĵַ˹y޲ڵľסص㡣
컹ûϻûˣֻҰһһ·
Ѿȥͨ˵ע⣬ϾǸͿҰһֻһЩ߲ܿҰһ
ЩڣԶԶҰһʱ򶼻ʶĶ
ϴŵϢòҪǣȻôϲ飬ҪҲ᲻ܡ
ǵҲǣǵطȻѹԣЩ˻˿ֱӱѹ
ͨ˻ҪȵֿԵȥ
һ˵ǵȴǵľʲôýָͷ붼֪
ҰһûйЩС֣ǰյͼҵ˹y޲ҵļҡ
Ѿĸ˼ˣԳԵñȢƯţֻ岻Ҳۡ
Ұһѹñܣ˷š
Ǳߺܿʹ˽Ųһɳֲ
ʸ̫һ̸
Ŵһ죬һǳ˴Ժ˳ͣ˵嶼ţԵθӰС
λԵȡ˵ȥ˹
·ЩȴЩ⣬ҰһıӰ۾
һ£Ұһסˣ˹ȥñ˼֣¶֪Ƿ񻹼ǵأ
˽壬ҿҰһ˵ʲôأ
һˣءӦдҵġ
컹ûͻȻ˸ҪݷãͲԾҲǼһҹʱӴ͡
ҲΪǼҸҪͽŵ㣬Ȼ˭ǡ
һʼ˲ûҰһͻȻãֻΪʲôҰһ͹
ǰЩǣϵʱڻ賿Щǿ϶ġ
̺µģҰһղŵһ
֪ҵˡ
y޲ɡҰһʵվ̵󣬵סеĵ·ǹy޲ҵ°ɡ
̶ͷ˵Щʲôҿȥ
ҰһóûùıʣҿƣһǸ̫ҲСѰ˼˻Ƕɹɹ̫á
̫ʣһ
ֻҰһеǸɫıʸˣֻǿž;ͷƤ飬һΣдӽŵװܵͷܣҰһȴ֣ס̡
ʲôֲˡ
ֻǰ˴ǿӣѾԼݡ
ֻʮˣʹ򲻹ǰˣֻܡ
޲Ҵ˻棬Լ˿϶Ҳ̲õģֻܡ
ҧҧһ֮ǰı׾Ӳ£ԭƽָױü׵ĻҰһĲñ
һĲñѳڵϡ
Ҳ̵ˣûȷӦ߾һͣȻԼĽ棬һ£͵һȻ˶ͷԼ塣
ǡ
һ˵ȥǵȥġִűʣЦеĿԼ塣
޲ң𣿡ҰһŹy޲ҵ֣֪ڵģΪʲôأ
y޲ҵȷڷģҰһ쾪ףԼ۾
Ѿ
Ϊʲôһγ!
ҲԣѾʮˣʮ㹻Ұ̽һתͶ̥ˣתͶ̥ΪʲôǰļΪʲôǵԼԼûȥȻ͹Լˡ
ⲻӦ!
y޲ɫĪ⣬վߵĹǴҳԼˣԼСıȻɱ
Ҳȥy޲Һһһ˶򲻹
ǿĴ򲻹
ղŵŷҲЩԵ˱Ƚ϶ʵȽǿˣҰһǰŲһС
Ϊʲôôһ˰ǳȥҲģ
ȻҲֻ˵˵ҵ˵
ȻǸͲ֪y޲ҿĵüŶһҪĻھ
һô˵ЩôҼæ˳ȥ
ҰһŤͷƴЩǣôȥˣأ˲ԼͷҪ˹æ
û˵ֱӾͳ
ҰһûаǷЩʵǿy޲Լ
Ϊʲôᱻӻ
Ұһʵ벻ͨ
ֻ˦˼±ʣʮֻͷ룬ڵϻ˷ɻңy޲Ҵ󾪣ۼҰһҪתܣҰһԶһ㡣
δ̫֮ɱԼ
ܣôûˣΪʲôأϵǺܺΪʲôԸҡ
ǹy޲ҶҰһźܺһ˾ʱҲЩԾ
Ұ̽ĵԸ
ǰ˵ֻ
ܸоת֮Ұ̽ĸӵ˺ºͿ־塣
ΪԼѾɳ˲٣ǺЩֶҲӵԼҰ̽ĵʱݵľ¡
ôֻ꣬Թͷɡ
û뵽ҰһٶȱĻҪ죬ղŻԺһʱ䣬Լ
Ϊʲôٶȱôˡ
ڵˡҰһŹy޲ܵ·ϾĶ˹y޲ңô꣬Ϊʲôأ
Ȼ𣿡
û
㡭ȥ˵
Ŷɱҿ϶ҪȥһʱģΰˣӦþͿתͶ̥ȥ˰ɡ
Ұһɲģ֮ǰ޲ҷֳճ̿ûɱξɹɹ̫ˡ
̫


83 
y޲û뵽ԼĹǾȻôû, ֻһͱɱһɶ
ôʱȥҰ̽ľȻһ㶼û˲øǿ, ȻҲĸǿ󣬿ԼĳɳҰһǰֵһᡣ
Լ䡣
y޲ҷǳ֪ԼӵĻпһҰһ
ôԼͬһطأ
һҰ̽Լô, ʱˣֱӴľʵǽڣԺ
ֻڵֹۣʱǳ, ǿŻʣʱҪʱġ
Ұһʲô֪̿
ɱˣ֪ܲԼ
ԼǺֻ̫Ҫ̫ҰһúķһһͿԽԼɱ
ôԣ
òԼ, Ѿõ˽ǿ壬谭ԼȫˣԼֻҪܹĵɫ˰, ôԼԺǺˡ
Ǹʱ򣬱˵ǰҰһҲκβԼ
ο, Ǹʲô
֪ɫ˰ɣһ֪ң
ҵȻ֪Ұһͳһɫ˰¶ˮʳ̶ȡy޲ҿҰһŵɫ˰, 񶼱ˡ
ң
ΪʲôҪ, ԵûĹ𣿲ܵ, ҾιҲԡҰһֽ飬Ȼ󳹵׽˿ӵĶ
ûйϵֻҪڣԼͿԱ覵
˵ղŹy޲һôһ˿ܵ˼ôҰһеɫ˰֮ȫˡ
ֻҪԼõɫ˰ͲҰһˣˣʱԼֵǮĶǶֻ࣬ҪȥǶԼͻرӮҡ
y޲ҶԼĶλǳһʼԼ򲻹ڵҰһʱͷԿѡػأֻҪ˰ͿߣԵ˰֮ԼͿԳױЩԶԶģҪʲôʲô
ֻҪԼõ
ٶȱü죬ӰҰһȻûôֻ֣ĵŹy޲ҹ
ǹy޲ҲûзֲԾĵط
Ұһʵ̫侲ˣԼ˰
ȻҰһˣġ϶ֻ֮ܳܵҪնϣԼͿԴ֮زز
Ұһ㶼û㣬
ֱָӿҰһϣָûԼԤֱӰֿǺʲôһֱӱ
㣡y޲𾪵۾ﻹ˵ɫ˰ֱŤͷܡ
СҪûˣﻹ˵ɫ˰
ҰһûиܵĻᣬղŻվҰһڹy޲ת֮Ȼתǰ
֮ľ벢
Ұһһ˦Ǹ˽ɫıʻ˹y޲ҵĲӣǵɫıʺ۴͸˹y޲ұʯͷҪӲĲӣy޲ҵͷֳ롣
y޲ҵĻָٶʵ̫ˣĿĲӵһ룬ʼѵĲӾȻѾʼϣȵıʻʴĴھȻȫˡ
ҿǹy޲ҴЦΪЩһܺô𣿡
ȻϾǱճɽ̿ˣ㶼ٴθҿɲС㡣
ʵҰһҲףԼ޲ңпʲôöûСΪڻʱ䣬ԼʵԽy޲ɱǱĹy޲Һпһθ
Լ̫ɹɻңԼص֮ͻὫy޲Ҹ
˵˵׾٣ֻЩΪʲôԸһһĸy޲ҲԸ⽫Լɱһ֮
˵ԼĴҲǱȻأ
ҰһһţµĶȴԽĿɫģƳĶֱӽ޲Ҹ˵
ﻹ޲ҵͷô̵ʱ棬y޲ҵ徹ȻɿĳգۼʹӲؿڡ
ҰһøٶȽy޲ĵطӡùy޲޷ֻͽ
һ̫ͳˣûƲʣһǸ˸Сֵy޲ϣ˸ԶϳĽǶȡ
ȷһ¹y޲ҲƵ֮ű֣˸СԺ
y޲ҵѾˣy޲ҵһֻҪ޲ɹɹ̫
Ϊºг϶Ҫķʽ޲һʲô֡
޲Ҳ֪Ұһ˸ʲôÿȴֵĶųģˮ֮͸ҺŸʴԵʣʹƸС
ٻҼǵǲֻ𣿡Ұһһٻ裬ģĺһڣҪһǽٻ裬õġ
ǵ̷ʩ֮⻹ڳһƬطֲٻ
һ˻ΪҰһϲٻֻм˲֪ΪʲôҰһѡڰǵֲٻ
ΪеĹ
ħеʱ򣬳ûзģȫ˰ǵ
ħģԼû˽ߺţֻǱִЩﷸȫȥĵѡ
Сһûй
ûС
ЩڵҲǳ֣ÿֵ֮⻹Ҫٻԡ裬ֻǰûа취һչԡ
䶼֪ǵθҰرϲٻƷ֮⣬ϲоµƷ֣͵ֲӽٻ
ǲ֪ΪʲôҰôϲٻ
ȻǸ˰ãǾûбҪˣûƴϲٻҪĽ
Ȼû˸Ҹ˵Ľݺֲܿ˵ȥᱻץġ
һʼһǿҰһٻǳģʱţҰһԽԽ֣һʼͨٻӽ˵ֲ֮˿ԳԵĿֲֲ
ҰһȫûʳֲԾ²Щ൱ֲٻ
ĻֻԼڵסﱾͨĽأȥҲᱻٻԵԻǰȫ
ҰһֻǵЩʹãǱҪǲõġ
Ҳֻйƺħ֪ҰһоΪ˸һy޲ǣĹ٣ûʲôҪǵս֮󣬹ɱӽȥĹὥ࣬ҰһֲЩٻǾóˡ
ΪһʼûжҰһ͸¶y޲ҵټҲΪԷһ˲ٻЩٻĿǰΪֹٻɹ֮ͨٻЩԹy޲˵׺ݵĶҩ
ƫƫֻǲѡ
Ų豭ߵy޲ǰָͷĲק˳ȥû˻᲻©˺һڰɣΪֵĻ
һ°ֱͣӰһˮ˽ȥ


84 
̫ܿ, y޲ڼ̫ʱһֽѡ
ڵʲôΪʲôӣ
ǹŶҰһָһ裬Ȼ, ǳء
̫ԭʣ°ߵĹʬ, ô»ҷ
y޲ҼֵʱȽϳĹɷɻ֮бļ
ܣ̫ģ
y޲˵ЩͷѾٻʴֻʣأϺͷҲĳɹñɽɫ,
ܸоŹЩءҰһ̾һμͲ֪ʲôʱˣǸʱӦûĸһɡһŹy޲ҵŹy޲ҽΪҳ, һڵġ
y޲ʶҰһڵ㡣
֪ҰһΪʲô˵仰Ѿûа취ȥ˼ˡ
һƬڰ
ҰһԺ, ԼװȫŻص棬ϣҵԭ˵ʲ
ڿжĿ΢΢
y޲ȡ˵, ϶ʲôѱģ˵Żǻ񣬾·, µ, ȫǹy޲µĶ
ҰһҲ˵Ϣ, ֪ʲôʱ򱻹y޲ҸɱģֻܰѺۼȫһ֮󣬽ﻻʳָˡ
ԼʱϢ뿪ˡ
Զڼ֮ĹƺܿͲҰһĶĵվԭصĵ
ĺܿģƿҰһʵ˲ٵЦʵӦɱ˰ɡ
ǲ֪ʲôҰһ˲٣ллʱ˿ڶ
̫ԺûɲôˡƾǸ⡣
ҰһֻЦЦûлش𣬿ɹȴһҪҰһ֤С
Ϊ֪Ұһǳy޲ңƲŻѹy޲ҵĵַҰһ
ڴ֮ǰy޲ҾǲģҰһɱٱ飬y޲ҶɱˣҰһƵɱy޲һעⲻ˵Ⱦϸɱ
䣬ʱҲҪ𾴣ֵصģҲãҲֲҲã漣
Ȼ꣬ȴĸ档
ÿɱ޹մ˶ᱻ밢ǵֻ֮ࡣ
ϣҰһҲˡ
ִǺ£ִħǾͲǿˡ
ҰһϵЦݽȥޱĺ͹ƶӣҪһأȴȫڹơ
ƵôĹôҰһһû飬Ұһʵ̫ˣڵʮԼǰҲûʲôơ
Сӷ̫ǻҰġ
ܵϢԽԽֲܵĲƺֹͣˣҰһ߳亹ֽű
ˡ
ԼǾԴ򲻹Ƶġ
𿴹ƲôĶǸݵһңܴù˵һټķʣħĳͷ֮׶˲һһ
Щ̬ˡ
Ұһʵ㲻ϺãΪķԹҲûʲôãȨ֮ҰһԼһʤ㶼ûУֻ䡣
ðɣҴӦˡ
ԼϵơӦͺˡ˵Ȼȥ֮ÿһСʱϰ
Ϊʲô
ղѵǣ򲻹ƣҲκβ𣿼Ȼ֪лϰڰǵù
õģһȥġ
ĻҾݵϡ
ڽѵҰһ֮ͼʼԶ˷ĳԶ뷱ĴԼӱߡ
ܹʵӳĵط
һ뿪Щĳͱһ
·ߵʬ嶼û˹ܣǸ·ߣЩʬѾõ޷ۣе塣
ЩԲˣﻹǮѾȥ˰أ
ҰһЩʬ̾˿
Щʬ岻ܾôȣʬḯãײߣڵһȾߣͻɴ
ҰһӣҪЩʬᵽһȥգƿһۣЩεקסѧЩأְᡣ
ô˵ţȴһöĹӨɫĻʬϣתۼͽʬ˸⣬һûвľɻ֡
Ƿ𣿡
ǹơޱĽͣʲô˼㲻᲻֪ɡ
Լ˸Ұһı졣
ó˿ȼյķʬϣĻȹƵĻĲһ㣬ƵĻ𼸸֮Ϳչһʬ壬ҰһľҪһᡣ
һʼڵһЩͷŪȥǰ濴
ҰһӦűֵЩʬ壬Ҳ֪ôźá
Լ;Ȳǣֻܾܵ󣬲ǻԼĺҲ֪ǵûȥ
Ұһ˽˸СʱŽеʬ꣬뿪Źȥһط
˽ų̺ܿ죬ܿʹڵƶһӷĳ
һǽ֮硣
Ұ⴩ŻˣʱͲرˣưѽǸͨ죬Ұһӣ˻Ⱥǳɡ
żģض裬ﵹ١
ƺһʿķءҰһ˸ñϣסԼ֮⣬ĵطġ
ֻׯڸ͡
ɹƲûͬҰһĻо΢Υ͸Уо˵Ϣ
ʱûӵŶԡ
ɵϢǴŲ˷٣ǡʲôһ
±ԸҲܲţֻҪǻûΥ涨ƾͲ֡
⣬ǳΪ˵ġ
ձּģֻǺǲһ϶˵ע⣬˵ȥõҲɳ鿴
ǵȷǲԾ
ħϢħš
Ӧĳħ˽ܻķ˳ֻǲ֪ʲô
Ϣ̫ˣԴۡ
Ϊֹһħ񡣡Լ࣬ûڳҹ䣬ֱӴһ߳˳ɽ˳ɽС·˰ɽһС档
ûˡ
ֻҪȷħûΣͿԣȷûΣ֮󣬾ͿԻصӰࡣ
Ұһƿ˵ţĵ̷ǳϸ֪Ϊʲôôĵÿ涼ȱһ塣
۾䣬Ǹ첲֣ʮ𸡵ͬҲȱȫͬ塣
źܳƵʱͺһֹƿŽһ
ҰһͲǸҰһˣڵ治ɫһȭɽܵһ˺
㿹ܣֵһᡣ
֨һűҰһӲƿˡſסÿ·ùƽԼҲڴ䲻İڷš
ĲúȫͬڷŵĵҲκһλڸԭֵ񣬶ǺŰϵ̵һģһĵ
û뵽ҵǣǲ㡣ƺЩȣһ߷Զϵľţվ棬ֱ߾һܵҰһ˵һˡ


85 
û뵽Լֻǳܿ缸ӳĹ
Ϊץǿǳ˲, ţ칷ӶִӵɳĴѰǵټ
˺ܾ, ûҵ, ټϺܳʱһֱû鷢, ǻΪʲôʦ, ҲûѰҹ
û뵽ھȻ￴ˡ
ʮħģȻ󣬵ʵƶ˶ԴԭĹ, Ǳ๩, һ£ڸסϵϢ, ŻᱻǺԹȥ, סԼ
ܹҵǴɺ, óһ¡
ȴǳˡ
ΪЩϵϢѾ͵ڵʱȫͬˣǵĹ񣬻ûа취ĲԾ
Ҫ, Բϣ
ֻܳȥһ, Ϊʲô48
ڲǾʱʲôȻص˵, ȰЩһ򾡴ȥ
ǵԴ磬ֻҪ, ͿԴ, ȻǴص
Ʋ, ʮλħڵ򲻹һЩ, οԼҰһ֣ҲΪҰһһ¡
ûȥ֮ҪѵʱһȻȥ֮ѵ˵
Ұһ֪ЩʲôֲĶ˾Լ磬Լɻ
ڹϣҰһǲῪЦġ
ҰһڹƳһۣԼ˹ȥõĶ𣿡
ԿҰһԼëʺͷ䣬ǲͷǾԲӲӲ
˴ܡ
óʹ˵ϲֱǿѹֵĹ壬еļóģȥˣٻ
һȥģǶĿȾҰһȻԹǹʹõǳȤ
Щ˵ʱָĺܰ
ƽڵпԳֵʱЩѶĻֱӽֵµȥɣƽ˹ֻ֮Ҫ壬пյʱȥҰһҽżǵлңԼ֣ǾԼƽˣ˵ڰǵӷǳģһܵĶֶҲ
ҹƣ򲻹ԱŰûʲôȤ
֮ǰͶԹרõǳ棬ںò˻ᣬ̽Եһ£û뵽ƾȻĻá
ƵڹǰéõҲͨţ趼᲻Ұһס˹Ƶϵһ
ֻ׼ߵǸ񣬽ŹԶ˳ȥ
䣡
ƳǴ
Ǹأ
ҰһС˦˳ȥļְƣǸ
ղűҰһõĵεţ䲻ҴܣվſڣһվǸͲſܡ
ҰһԼò˳ֵԼϰߵıʣĶˮĵǱʲôиϣ¡¡ĵ˵ϡ
ղŻƵվȻƾһףķֱӰķ
Զĳңð̵Ͻȥ鿴
ץ͵ȥ
ƿ۳ķ򣬡һҪͨˡ
Ұɡ
һһҪͨˣҰһĶˣܿͽʣµȫ飬
Ѿ˺ɫǼе˿ռ䣬߸ĳʿǶˡ
Ұһ沼˽磬ֹЩͻƽŰ
ſᣬǾмƾճһŬײĹȫ˽ȥ
ֱһ˿ȥҰһź˾ᡣ
̫ˡ
ʿѾɽ£ɽߣվڽ¾ͿԿλڰɽ״
ʱֲ٣ǿ󵽿Աͨ˿ʵҲ٣ҰһղŪĶͱ˿ˡ
ʿǰסɽͨΪץסƻˡ
Ǹ̫ˡҰһ߻ỳ
һʼҰһֻƻ˵һǽڣڵѾƲ磬ֻ˵һƬ棬ǽľʺȫˡ
߰ɣصȥÿɽµЩˣֻǴصúõ顣
ЩôαװԼ
ǵĵһԹ֮񣬾ԼοЩģܹҵͺϡˡ
Ǻˣһˣŵ·ϻ磬ܵʲôǳķŭôˡ
Ŷ
ҪҰһ̫ˣǶЩˡ
߰ɡ
Ұһ˵ʲôģǹƶô˵ˣҰһûбҪ˵ʲôˣֱӴӰɽȥҰһһҲȥ
׷
ǸղŴӰɽȥ˻û䵽ϣͱɫи˽ȥʧɽ
ٹһ£ֱӹ˵ϡ
ȫ¶ǳʹʧȥֱӽ֫ȥµĲ֡
Լе嶼
ŵ޴룬ڿٹֽźٳ֮֮ȴһ
ղǻ׶ĹΪʲôͻȻʧ˵ٹȴͻȻ֫塣
ٹͶ޵Ķ֪ʲô£ķչǺõģȫ֪Ϊʲô
Ұһ͹˵֮ſڡ
ͨǵڳǣſڵģţͷ
ţͷ˳ŵָ棬ȴû뵽վľȻǹƺҰһ
ǹƴ˺Ұ˰λǳȥѲ𣿡
ʱе»ˡԼ࣬Ұһֻεʼ磬ղ֮ǰܵĹ񡣡
ѽǰǼţͷ˲ˣȻ֪֮ǰ飬Щ˵Ҳ൱һ꣬Źȥô̵ʱǿ϶Ǽǵõġ
ʱҰһûԲǺΪʲôƻôû⣬ǹԹԵĸŻˡ
һֱӱȥߵĿ죬Ұһеϣ÷еСû鷳ֻһ·Сܡ
ȻȥɣȥħƶҰһ֣ʾҰһѾó
ҪӰ𣿡
ӿɽ̵һۣûӰģȻᵽˣǾһӰɣ
Ұһھ;ԼĲӦʳ仰
ҪԼûʣͲüӰ
ҰһһԸĸȥߵЩٲҰһһ·Сܵĸ
ƣһôھͻˣħ˻Щ֣ųȥ˲һôͻˣεӲʱ䣬Ϊܼ֮ġ
ΪٵĹ٣ħֻܴӱĵһλּĸ١
Ҫǣλ٣һֻè
Ѷһλ飬磬ø꣬ʾּлߣԸȲѺֱӹħĴš
ħֻʣˣͳݺݵڵϣҳֱ׵ӣҰһ˼վ˹ƵӺ档
ǰܳȥħô£


86 
ħ޲ðԼӴؽ칫, ȫͷַʲôˣ
ֻյֻӳһı, ҵǵʱ, һ48
ʮˣħԴӰ칫̧ͷ, ѽȷֻܳһ
û˵ǲǹƿ, ΪͲܡ
ƶԵϢϤĲϤˣͲܿôƶǾͿ϶ʮ˸
һƽһҰһ
ҰһϽ˺Щ滹ڲͣĹų, Щ񿴵Լiػ, һӦǸϽܣǸմӾͱҰһץѹ˽ŵס
ħˡ
ЩϵϢȷǵ, ֻ汻ڸ, һۿȥ̫
ħ, ǲ֪ƺħȴ֪ҰһģϾҰһû, ʱ, ЩȫѾܵ
ǻʲôħֱһЩڵ϶Ҷ, æ¶Լı塣
ôȥģõ棬ħõһһ, ֱҲõúƺƵġ
Ǹ, ǰǳȥģһͷϳ˽βŮ˹ڵ˵, ˵Ǵӵȥ֮ͿԸ¡
Ҳƴͷ
Ȼȴһ÷, ǾǺܺƭ𣿡
ǡ˵ʵסˣսս˵ǵԴӵҲΪǴ˵ͨ
ܣǾԲܻġҰһһϣͰӴʱȻ࣬Ͱ֮ĹϵȴҲǲûκҰ˵ʲô磬޲ʲôԼڼúõϡ
ǣǸ˵
ǲðģħҲŰܸɳ£Ҫˡ
Ұһ˽һ˸ߵľԿ˵һȻҲԿЩġ
ȻǲԸУǾֻˡ
ʱЩ˸ʲôģǵһ޷粵
ǿǸǵĳԼĶ׼Щħʱ治ɫȻֽʱص˵Ǹʲô
ǿӰЩš
ƺҰһǼģڿǸӰĵһӦͲǰ
ǰ׺֮ӣһݵģǷƽʱܴŶôص·ЩģЩмӡ
һǵ
ǻǵʲô𣿡
֪ΪΣЩ˵ӡһɫļӰͿνġ
˭Ȼð䰲Ͳ°Щʽ
ǵˡҡͷ
̫ˡ
Ұһûסҡͷ
˵ȻŶԷǰһӲʹҲһ𲻺
Ƽǰڿһ
Ǹһͷɫĳɿ
˿Ұһ͹ƾȷˣ˸Ͱ
βһɫҲһҪǣ֮Ͳһ
ҪǸ˵ð䰲ҡײƭЩǿ϶Ἧ屩ߣȥѰǸðƻȻðƻС
ǲǻûšҰһʵ
Ƶ˵ͷֻʣ˲ʱ䣬ò˶þͿڵˡԸ˲٣ȵҸɻˡ
ƺÿδӵȥҪô˺ǣµ˵ڵɻǻǲԾ
ǻǾϢԶھİǣΪ⣬Щʽǿ϶ģÿ԰Щ̫ߵĹˡ
Ǵӵӳ񣬷ʳˣﲢ޼ǧ꣡ħĥһ£Ƕһĳͷ
޼Ұһİǵ˼ǰ⼸˸Ұһ𣬵м仹ǧҵĿմڣǧùǰµˮʯ
ҰһЩľᣬǻʱ䳤ĻҲ࣬y޲˵ЩС׼ס
δû˯ôɱô˵Ĺy޲һ᲻Ϊħأ
ʮ˸ħľдҰһڷĳħľʱͻȻע⵽ʲô͵۾
y޲ң
y޲ңҰһӵĹĿİͰͣ˭ǹy޲ң
Ұһ˸ָһźɫ̷ɺɫӵĿˡˣħȻ򣺡Сһﰡ
˵ֻвһĹy޲ҵȷԳƵһСһҹҡ
Ұһɿ֣˾ῴһ飬y޲ǽ˶ҲõԼҪļƷ
Ҫǽ߸Ժʮࣿ
ҰһݵʱûסԼ۾ȫû뵽ȻῴЩݡ
y޲ҲǲΪʲôҪӺࡣ
˵޲ҿʱ򡭡ȷзֲֹһʹԣΪЦ˹y޲ǵģǵֻΪǹy޲ŻԼôԺ࣬û뵽ЩԺ඼ǽġ
ҪôĴԺʲô
ֻǵ
ңy޲ҲҪʹԾҪȥϲӶˣͲҪôࡣ
ô֪˶ʮأȻҪǾ͸ˡСôˣ
y޲ңҰһҪȥ޲ҵʬƻ˦ֱֱĲҰһűߵĵϣɹֹҰһĽŲ
Ӧʲô𣿡˵Źȥ˶೤ʱ䣬Ͱ˵ĻԺ󣿡
ղҰһ״̬ԲԣȦЩˣܵϢȣһҪըƵġ
Ұһûưһֱ˽ûͨ䣬˼սȽǿģټ칷ӵ칷ǣŰ˩һĹ񽻸ǡ
ȴʺദһٶȥƻһ䣬⻰һ䶼ûס˸¡
ʺദȷǱȽº͵ĵطǡҲͲסطڶģݽȥʱЩණ϶Ҫ
¡
칷ǺѹȺƵĹˣħ״Ͻǻ˻֣ǲǻݼ𣿸ϽϢȥɡ
ЩĵĿ״̬̫ԵҰһʲôû˵ѽСν˹ơ
ŹһԼķ
ԼĸӵäĿεħ˸Ͻ˴ߣʡòԼ
û°ɡûסʹƣҰһһֱֳ״̬Ƿ絭ᣬԹʱе㼤֮⣬ʱ˿еˣӴħ״̬Ұһе㵣ġ
˼Ϊʲô
ΪǸy޲
֮ǰҲûô
ҪԼˡưҰһ¡߰ɣȥǵ
ҰһĬŸȥ


87 
ħ޼ֱĵݡ
˵ǵ, ʵڴķ䣬Ұһǹְλߵͨ, Ǵһ, ˵¸ﷸķߡ
ͨߵĵطʵвˣǱǴкȴڹƺҰһ֮佩ӲոͲǰ, ҲûҪǲк˼Ŀбӵľʹ֮䴩˹ȥ
ƴ˺ҰǲǳˡʧڷŸ˵, ˼ҵȥԣʵǺܺãץ϶ᱻƴ˸ץʺദ¡
Ҫǣƴ˺ҰһʱûзôƢ, ֮佩ӲķΧһҪһ
ƴ˾֪ģҰˡ
û˼ӣ˶Це, ˭˵䣬ڵԵá
ħ޼֮ľǳɹ, ôҲ˽ӵʱ䡣
޼Ϊط٣ù˼̫֮࣬ǰҰһ˵Ҫһѵ, ֮󼸺ֻһ, ΪЩ˴Ͳ, ʱضܴ, й涨ĴܻЩǰ洦ɼŹĹǣԵĽ˷ǳص١
ƶԵĸָֽƣҲûҰһ·ҵѵҡ
˵ѵңʵõĿʯĴģ㱻飬һʱͻָԭӣѭʹá
һϴţ˵ߣͳԼ

Ȼô˵ҪĴһҰһóķԹ˵磬Ҫ
Ǵ򲻹Ұһһֻ˵ҡ
ڸ㽲ýȥ𣿡Ʋͷĵ˵еȸɣѾˣ˶ôص˶ܿϲõ
Ȼô˵Ұһеûˡ
֪ԼܶûãһץסԼԼһ١
ҪɴҴһٰɡҰһԱˡ
ղǸħǷǳҪȥy޲ΪʲôֲˣΪ򲻹𣿡
Ұһû˵
ôһ˵ڲ㣬ǲȥҹy޲ˣ㲻ϵɱҲᷢ᲻ͣɹ̫ɷɻҲȫûãĶûõġ˿棬㶼Ѿˣκβ˹y޲ң޸أ
ҽͲӦðĵַ㣬һ֪ôʧ㵽ȥ
ǡ
ʲô
ڸû˿Դù޲ңҲĻǻ˭
̫ΪˣҰһ粻ûתûûκε޲ңֻʱûеѣ֣Ҳȫûõģ㵱ô࣬޲Ҳû𣿡
ƴʹһһ׼ֱҰһ˵ɫԽԽѿޱվܺ޲óʵʻľɥ
ҲȫȻûáƿҰһӣԭĵĻҲû˵ǻ˸ʽ΢һĻ
鶼ûáҰһǳɥy޲ҲãҲãʲôûá
ƶͷٺԱҰһκεĽһͶҰһҰһϽ㣬һҷɵʯͷϣȶһӡ
ǾͶ㣡
ԹƵĹҰһû˼ЩеûˣǶ㿪ƵĹ㲡
Լ˴Ľ磬ԹƵһ飬ֱҰһɣӰе
һû˵ҰһѾˣ֮кܶûʽҰһ˵Ͳʹ
첲ȱҶˣ֮ͻ᳤౻ϡ飬ûһȫָ
ƼҰһƤ񣬱ҲֱܻܿӾͶ˹ȥõȸղŴ˵ʱҪֱӴҰһؿڣҰһԴʱ˵һ£˶˳ȥ
ĵ£ҰһϻãȻ־㵵ı飬û뵽ôݡ
Ҳ۾û뵽Ұһûܶ
Ұһڵϣͷ붯³ǣ˵ưһߵҰһǰô˸Դ֮侲𣿡
Ұһ˵ͷ
ʵûУǹʵֲ̫ˣȳϰɡ
ѣѵĺҪܵͷġ
Ϊϴ͹ƴ˶һң޼氵˺ܾˡѵҸܺã˾˵ʲôģֻ˶֮ॵŪЩˣ˹ƣ˭
Ұǵĺ֮㣬ʵǰéʵBUGĹ˵ѷһ˴˭Ӯýֺͷ붼õ
ǹƴ˵һκҰϴɡ⣬˹ϵôõģƽҲϴ󼸾䣬Ͳֵġ
ҪǹƴҲ֣˭ĶôÿְҲͬ
ǲ֪ղŹѾǸ᲻öҰһ֣ᣬѾˣһֱӾҰһˡ
伤һȦ֮ѵĴڼ͵ͷƤ飬֪Ϊŭ˹ƴ˵Ұһ˵أڸ֨һˣƻﱧ˸ˣǸղźһȥҰһ˭
͵˵üһƽôǵģ
ץ˸еǷҡͷܱǵϴ󶼱ƸˣԼѱﻹ˵ǡ
Լȥ췣ϰʱְأ޼Ļ̫ȥĵӰࣿ˵
ﻹ˵Ͻһ̵Լ췣ȥˣҪٲߣ϶Ҫƴ˸ĵͷġ
Ƶ˵еҰһѵķ䡣
Ұһ޼ԼķӣǹƷǳеĴҰһصħ
Ϊ˷չҰһҰһķ䰲ķԱˡ
һ·ϵƺҰһûסгôһɣʱ˻ȥɶ˵ǵȹʧ߾ͷЩϾͼҵ
֪˽ͣͲס̫ڰԣʲôΪܻȥͻط䣬ϲΪʲôܡ
Ϊһйy޲ҵ˵ʱǾԲһ쳣ҷǳܵ
ʲôȥʱҰ˼ŵˣƴ˳Դʲôġ
°ħ⻰鶼ˣϽȥƵķҹƣƸͲԼ
ҰķŵƣԿ̬ÿҰһķš
ûһᣬžͿˡ
۾ħдšӡдš
Ǹղ˵úһֱӱ򵽲ʡ£
ƺһȻӦ


88 
ȥ˭ڰ, ûգҪȽһߵȥġ
ҰһԼĴϻ˯, ˴굽ѾĸСʱ, ղŻȥԴһǷ˵ްû뵽ħھ͹ˡ
ôôݰǰ㲻Ƕһֵ𣿡ħ˼, ˣҲôص֣һ˴ô죿
˶, 򲻻ġ
ΪʲôôݣһΪҰһʵˣһܾǵΪҰһʵ̫
Լ߷ʻǿ˺, ȻҰһҲôͱԼܣôҡ
y޲ڵʵǲҰһȥһһ׼, ׼ѹy޲ҴûⱲӶ뿴Ұһ
ǹƲô
ʱǻħ, ʱҲֻȥˣҰһšҰһΪy޲ҵĴڶȥŬԼ, Ǻ, ùy޲ҳΪĲ, ⱲӶ߲, ǾͲǹԸ⿴ˡ
úõĸ˵һŶء
ڹ滹ǸСӣ࣬ʮͳˣҪΪԼΪΣҼȻ˰չͲ·һǷҸ顣
ħҲ˵ʲôһѹ֮󲻻ɡ
ֿ϶ǻֵģӦò˶þͺˣּŤϸԼ˵ˡ
ˣȥһˡ˵
ƺ˻˵ʲôħŤͷͿҰһѾԼߡ
ˣ˾ͳԷɡưѷӳ˳ղ棬嵭߲˺ͼ±⣬࣬ھͳ
Ұһ֯ӱô
Ȼأѵ˯ڣƶҰһķϤϾҰһķװ޶ֵģҰһԷһȥľϤˣҰһϢʱҲȥ㷹ѹԡ
̫ˡҰһؿڣѱƵһߣϴѾԼ촩·ˣһɾİɫ飬ڳֻйƣ˭ԼĲԶ
óһӸһ棬հԼһ٣ھ͸Լ˷
ȥ滻˲ôʧ·ƶ档
԰ɣϺúϢżǵȥħӰࡣ
첻ǶǼ𣿡Ұһռһӣû뵽Ͼüģû˵Ҫȥҹy޲ҵ飬ֻЩ˵ĳԷ
ʵóԵģȻȲҰһҲϲҰһȴҲӵȫꡣ
ȷҰһû֮󣬹Ÿ뿪
ֻûлԼ䣬Ǵӽ뿪ͨص
ܹչy޲ҵټһΣҵڶΡ
y޲Ҳȷû뵽Լֱ˶ˣ
ԶǴլԺһһ·˭ģ͵ĳɫˣԸ롣
ով飬˴Ĺy޲Ҵӵվһ壬ɺɫ۾ɨųǽڣһѭϡѪζ񱼶ȥ
ҹӰ쳣˶Լ˯·һ˶ûУy޲Ҳŷһ·ɱϡѪһ·ȥ
ƴӴ΢һ·ҲŹy޲ҵķ˹ȥԶԶĿy޲ҵӰ׼ֱӽ˳ȥ
ҰһһᾪȹƵĶԹy޲ҵ̬ȡ
춼ùưԼĺܲңû뵽ǹûĽԹy޲ҵʱ򣬹ƾûô˼ɣ֪y޲ˣҲȫû棬صͬһǣֱӶŹy޲ҽ˳ɽ
ǶСһѳ˶½½
ƾŹy޲ҵӣ˳򸽽ȥɽ
ɽ٣ûܿǣʲô鶼ȽϺá
y޲ұ򵽰죬ǿĻָĻָԼ壬ܿͻָ۷״̬
ץֻּʯy޲ڼǿȴ޷ֺ
ʲôˣy޲ұƶϣ߳ŭ
ǰȻ೤һģһǶǰĽǺͼڳ˵ݣȻࡣ
y޲ҡȴԼ
һҲûп԰ԼģȻֻʲôˡ
ûʲôϵˡƾԼŹy޲ǣȷĹЩǣ΢е㿴ˡ
y޲Ŭ˼˾˭ԼˣȻļǾԲܾġ
ûиʱ䣬ʱҲǳæϳǼʱ䡣
ʱõıȽֵҰһкܳһʱܰĸɻʲôʲӹy޲ҡ
y޲Ǹʲôôã
ƶ˵Ͷ֣Դy޲籩ֱ꣬ӰӦĹy޲Ҹҽ˵ָùy޲ѸٻָȻظղŵĹ̡
ĹٲʲôѶᣬ෴ΪǸ٣ԹƶԵе̷ǳ֣ڹy޲ϣñ
y޲Ҷˣ˱ԼҪǿĶ࣬˵ȰԼ飬ֲ˵ΪʲôȻԼܴԼΪİ˺ͰףΪʲô
ΪʲôҪԼ֣
üٵĹy޲ֹʹҵĪ˵ݡ
ǡҰһʶǸˣ
Ϊֻһ棬y޲Ҷӡ󲢲̣ټǶɹ֮ǰˣʵҲ㲻ʲô
ĥڼ˵ݡ
֮ǰҪҰһߵ
ΪʲôôȥȻֻˡ
Ұ̽ʲôϵ
ʲôϵƻĶ˶٣ƨ£
޲һָٶԽԽֻſڵϣҶ
ʵɱԼΪʲôһֱɱ֣һֱĥԼ
Ұ̽ĥҵ𣿡
ƿһۣҡ
ٶǴ˹y޲ҵıһʹҪǿ뿪ɹƸûиᡣ
˦ɳȥѹy޲ҽ˵á
ͺúõŰʲôЩ꣬δļʱøҼкβҲҪҰ̽ĵǰϢҪȴy޲ױȵĵĴ
˹ȻǺҰ̽ʶģ
ңĪĳԼһ٣ΪҰ̽ģ
Ұ̽ʲôõģԼ
У
y޲п˵Լ򲻹ֻҧӲԽԽίԼ֮֡
ûס𣿡
ֵĹy޲ҹɵӦסˡ
סСƽմѪѪȵ˳׼ˣҲ׼˺࣬ȻһδһΣ𣿡
ѪĻֶȾˣҪֲϴɾ
תy޲Ҿ͸Ͻˣͺͺй׷Ƶġ
ܵÿ졣
˦˦ϵˮµĲ


89 
ƻصʱѾǵڶһ, ϴһ»ɾ·ͿԻħϰࡣ
ǰ²߲ݹһܵļ¼ĹֻǾЩƣϾһֻ̬, 㹻֧ʱļӰࡣ
ȥʲôˣƾֻԼħ֪, ֻħڻû, ûüþ
Ұһ, ˯ʱܾ, , ֮ûͻ޼ʰʰ׼ɻ
ЩҲϢ, ϰ൹, ÿ޼ЪĶ߽гͷ
û̫ģÿ춼һӣڵرҽʯ޼ķ羰
ϺãҰϴ󡣡ת˼ȦҰһǰܵ˶𣿡
ѾˡҰһקק֯, ޼ûʲô鷳ɡ
ذ, ôһ˵Ļʵв̫Ծĵط, ǻûȥ鿴ԲȷǲǡЩ, ˵ƽԭε
飿ôܻ飿Ұһһ, , Ҳڵҽڻġ
ɲеӻܵȪŮ񱣻ֻҪһ֯ͻһ·Ҳȫû⡣
ͲһˣûлȪŮıһȵҽͻֱͨϣǽ޸ȻǾûа취ڵھסȥ
ö֮ģҲûˡ
ǰûбӵʱ򣬵ǻйҪҵ㶫ڵεץϿҪҲҪùƲС
û˵￴ģ
ڶ˵Ҫȥһ𣿡
ˣԼȥͿԣ㲻Ѿ°𣿡
˵ͷҾ°ˣϴСĵ㡣
ȥɡ
ҰһʵǳģҰһڶϹƴ˵ʱ޻ܹ֮һ壬ѹ޼ʵԳƵٳЩҰһʵŵǰ塣
Ұһ˸ûлԼڵİ칫ңǴĵرҽȥ˿Եƽԭ
żѲӵҰһٹ˵ˡ
ҲΪǺٹŻᱻЩ˿ӡ
ҰһڴҽʱԼΣ޼ĿȨԼڵɲˣɵЩֵ۾
޼ʲôʱˣ
ҰһƮƮ˵ϣһƬëһûзһվͻĴʯͷϣӸԶҪڳɫƽԭ濴ѰĶ
Ҳȷ˲ѰĶ
޼ĻĵҪӺܶ࣬칫ĵط֮⣬ط˵һƬڵҲУձ鵢֣ôܻôĵطסľͰᵽȻںϵ޼ģֻܷ֮顣
ԣЩǳֵľͺܲͬѰأǳעⲻκκۼѲӵҲ
ƬƽԭܴһʼԷԱ̫ģȴ԰
Ұһ̹ȻĴЩֵ뿪Լһ·ֵķֲȻɸѡǵġ
Ҫ˵ЩԷۼǲܵģֹȷĴ̽飬ôȷķֹ϶һͷˡ
ǻѡ٣ռΪ޼֪޼ĸطѲ˵ûмƻҰһǲŵġ
Ҫʲôأ
Ұһʯͷһ·򶫣ԽԽܼͷĻɽ緢֮µʯɽָǶˡ
Щϲ̨С
ҰһĴڲûЩ˵ע⣬ôһվǰϹ˸һʶƿҰһվŵĵط˵ЦѲߡ
ΪʲôҪפĻʵ̫ˡС˵

Ұһͷһ
ҪʶǸҪ϶͵͵һĵ߹ѾɻˣԲܶزأϼǡ

ھ￴ģħӡеǸ
ǻҪȥðƻץû뵽쾹ȻֱײԼˡ
ҲЩ£ЩѲߵʱСϣָᱻЩɱڡ
Ұһûżȥȥ߿һ⸽ֲַ͸Ѳ߲֮󣬲ʯɽΨһһɽ˹ȥ
濴ֻв״ĶѨȴж졣
ʯɽֱӱͿˣĿռǳǧֻ濪PARTYɽҹĿҲǳȣ̵ûš
ͨûа취ģֺ鵹ǾûЩײʺйѡסô˵Ļ
ɽɵȥˬ˺ܶ࣬˷䣬ֱʦģмˣ壬ð׹Ƕѳɵϣһͷɫľڼϣݿʣ̣ǿСϲһڡ
ȻǸرףϻ۾ֽ˽
ҰһЩɽ֧ŽṹӣֱӷɵǸǰͳ˾һװ
ԼõûйõǸôɣֱϵĿҰһЩԣ
֮ǰԼùƵʱ򻹾е̫ã˸Լõ֮֮󣬲ŷĺá
ȭȭˬ
wҰһôһͷתֱǶ˻ɽβ
⶯֮һʼBUFFûãҰһ¶wǰ
ҰһѧŹƵԼû֤ͨꡪɱ⡣
ƺЩʹøУ˵СģǱЩ˵ȴԲСһӵǻ磬Сֻûȿͱ˳ȥ
ʲôˣwѾˣָôõһҵͷѪûһͻָwĻָãڼǸͷͷҰһϲᡣ
޼ҵĵ̣ĹҺħ͵ǻʲô˵أҰһĽűѾ˺üʬ壬ȫСǵģһڷǳ𺳣һ߿ǵʬôɵĸ̨ϡ
̨ҪǷһǷڵЩС׼˷Цˡ
Ұһ޼İ칫涥ŵĶߵͷǹǣװҲǸָʬͷǳĵ磬ַϰˣȻν²һ˵ʵǲֱӡ
޼ģ
Ǹ޼ĸŶʲôʱĵôĵȫңеһ㣬Ҫǰ˵ѣǵ³ҰһЦеģȻû˵꣬евԶ
wӵվΣ
û޼ҵĵ̣ҪסҪҴкģ㲻ûи˵ԴΥ½һ׷ҿǺͷ۵ġ
Ҫʲô
ȻȥȥǼǿڵ֤𣿷ҪڻҡЩвٶǻûְɣûҪȫǲ˼ء
ں˵ЩʲôwȴңȥǼǣ㲻Ҳ
ѽҶֶأӦȴȥǼȻٶֵġ
wʹ˸ɫѨſڵСw˼ųҪӶѨȥԮҰһת˼Ȧֶ˳ȥúҪɳȥԮСϣֱҽɽ桢
ɽǱֻʣһƤôһֱӽɽɽʼλƵҡҡ׹
㣡
ҪȥﰡҰһղŵȥֻ˸µĳһû˵꣬Ҫܣѵǵĸûи߹Ǳ˵ʱҪú𣿡
ŶˣǲǴ󲿷ֶûĸţҰһֱӿ˵ͼڣСİڵһ˽ȥ
ҰһͱѣЩҰһӿ˹ЩһҰһ¶˸ӲõЦǣллҵϲҾ֪ͬҵġ
˦ŷ䣬뿪ͨеȫɽ档
ֻĻ˶ΪҰһǱΧǸֻҰһ֪ԼԵһ
򲻹ƣҲûзֵģһԼǸֵĻʲô
ϲ㱼ԳΪߣʺˡ
ƱίȫйwϣwҲһղŵţʼ
ҰһǽС˸ֶһͿǾôһˣﳭǴƵһһֱִͷĿѣǶǽ۶ٲ
֮ǰ˵ָкܲӣһµȷǲء
ʱɽֻվŵֻʣһС룬󲿷ֵֶѾ̱˵ϣһ֪
վŵģʵȽǿᱻһӴ֡
ֻΪȥǼǲôصְɡwɫ࣬ղҰһСֵʱҲҪ˺뿪˵ķǳͣûκο˺Ŀԡ
ɱǸһ˵ʲôҪȥǼǣ϶˵ġ
Ǽǿ϶ҪǼǵģֻΥ涨³ǿ϶Ҳ֪ģڵǼ֮ǰҪһΥصĴ۲𣿡
wɫ࣬򲻹ҰһֻܲסĶţҰһҲģ˦׷ȥ
ֻܵĻûõŶûа취ȥġ
wֻܱôСĵطضأñιȥֵڻ˭֪ҰһӣЦĸӵĲãǲˡλ
Ұһwܵô죬ƵĻ֣õĲϰߵԼıʻǳ۾һֱӽw
衭
úӲ׼˵໰ҰһЯٻ˺Ұһ棬Ҳ˵ͳһᣬѳw֮ȫװ˽ȥȻwɽ뿪
ûбһ򾡵ּ״ɢӣӵҰһ绰ץ˵칷ǼɢЩŲ·Ǹȫץ
һǴ﷢ǵģ
ţҰһĸ첲칷ģˣȻҶҪеķù
ֵµ˵ЩԾпվ͹˿û뵽͵ɹֺ飬Ծץ
ţ迴ҰһϳwڿԷʲôûʱʱŤͷ˷绯
԰ɣҳˣ΢еء
ţһ
Щֺ飬ʱܸ㣬Ծȴˡ
Ҫ𣿡ţʵұ֤ġ
ҰһһԷɵ΢һ㱼ı̬һʲô̡
ȫû⣡ǲҪȥںϵˣǱŮӱȽ϶࣬Ҫ۾ˡ
w֣ûκѡȨֻܱʹòħ˰ŵװס
ţ豧ҰһwǱ칷ţ̵ĸں棬ǹȻҰһɵúܵͣȷù¶ǰŮԼߣɸĻָָ㣬Ҫ·ļһ˭
ﻹëѪʱô˷绯
ȵħ棬ţŰҰһ£칷ӽһͷҰһwŸ뿪
ʱ˵㣬ϰûһᡣ
ħ͹Ѿϴϳ緹ˡ
ǸˣҰѰˡ
Ұһôwקħ
ħҰһwһûǺסˣԵľ춯ء
ûϢõĹĵwһֱۣw˫ȷ

޼ʱ˵Ǳߺڣ΢еͿһ£ˣ΢˵㾢˩w䣬վħӵһߣ컹˵ģˡħ˵ȥʱЩѾ޼γȶ֯ԼķᱻǿȻķֲˡ
Ŷüڵ˺ܾˣѲߵĹɡ
ȥ֮һ°ѲͻƵġҰһֵ죬ô˵ҲҹϽ£û¡
ȥһϣпܳġȴôΪȻЩǴġ
ǾǺ˲˵飬ҰһıҲ˼֣ȥһ˽ƵϹ
ƵҶͷΪֹͺȴͣҰһ֮ǳʹľͰҡ
֪ʲôĻǱȽҵġ
Ұһͳʺͱӻһ£˸wͷ˵ľ𣿡
ȥʿ
ձ˳֮϶λŮԵľ¼£Ե¼£ֱŵŻ뿪֮ŻͶһֹ
ãʵ
ҰһܲʮӣҶͷʹƴľˣλǸ˵ľ񡣡
԰ҳ˵ļ¼ںż
žų򣬴ɽ׼ȷҳ˵ϣһСƳ
ҰһСƳȥħ
ÿ졣
ΪûõӡҰһСƳƵǰȫˡ
ղ뿪Ƕʱ䣬ѹŹڵϵw֪ʲôʱΧһ鲼סص㲿λЩ֣ôΧ˲
˷绯ޱᡣ
һۣݸħ
w֪ħ겪Ȼŭǰô£ȻѽƵĽͼ޸
ƾʲô֮ҪȻпԸİ취ΪʲôҪwдʣߵĹˣұǿͿԳֻء
ˡְ˹ȥwҽ˵ץס˾ʵʵı죡ĸǿȻôǿĻһһдһ°ɡ


90 
Ұһܹѹw, ռ˱ˡ
w򲻺ãҪѡ޼޼Ұһĵ, ΪƹߣҰһȻӳɵġ
Ȼ, ôļӳɶǼΪɹ۵, ˵ʵǿ, ӳָԵ÷ǳ¡
˲޼Ļ, ôҰһԲһôɡ
˵, ѾȥȻ, wѾ, ôѾڵˣΪ˷ֹһЩͷڵңʵǻѹõģڵƶ֮󣬵ĹҲʼĸı䣬ʼƫ, ʺй
мǿ, ǵµwʧܵԭ
ת, wôңǱһ浹һߡ
ٸ, ˵ʵʮ, ô޼սʱ, Ұһʵͻθߵ1213wǻᱻѹƵ78.
ԭƾУһһͣ˵ڵ˽ϰҰһʵͱwҪǿĶ࣬ڵѹ桢
ħwУԽЩԽ˲޼ֱݣΪһݳޣΪ˴ԼʲôͬһЩѹѹ֬顣
ʼһֱȥΪڹһѾ׸õĹ徿жôġ
ʱٰ簲ͷһЩԼ˵£ͨ˻ֶǸûԵذܻ˰
Ҫ֮󻹾һȺЧǣԹƻǣԼҪͳһƽ׷ԼĻͳһƽ֮ǾͿЩͨˡ
ò˵ջЩջʵ̫ˡ
ڻʦ£һЩֲʦСֲʦЩ޴ڵɮ»ŮɽϻƫԶũҵЩͨ˸ͲóԣԵʵھİԺ˳ԲĶ˺Ȳ¶Ĺwǡ
ĹǲǸóԣ
ЩŮǲҲǳóԣ
ⶼǰ붼顣
˿ͳһƽΪƽ˵ĻǾͿԳԵԼ붼Ķ
Կܵնֻ֣׷ԼԼ¸ǵԸͿʵ֡
Զ˶ԣɱ˶ԣȫȥ
˺ˣΪǰΪ˸Ŭ
޼Ӱե˵ľٶ
ͻȻ˲Ծĵطǻ֪Ȼ¡
Ҳûеô׽в˺ܶิӵϵΪʲôǿԴѲߵʱ䣬Ǿڵ˶ãЩǹҪġ
Ҫʱ˺Ҫw顣
wڱе;εҪ뿪ҰһסܹѿģԽϵľԽֱϵⶼ˳˺Ѫ˿
ҪˣҲֻԼʹѡӣץȫ˵㲻Ҳп֪ķӣֻóԶֹôˡ
wʵ֪ԼΪֶΣдôֻҪԼôǾ޴֡
wͲ¹˵ġ
ڤ粻顣ħҡҡͷƣ鷳þһɡ
wֻóһɫİƴĶкܶť水˼ǰнһ˸ߵľӾ͸ֳĻ档
ǡwĳЩţԼںЩ֣ԼԼĳǰ˵ʱ䣬ܿԼ޲ҽ׵ĳ
ھ濴Լĳ治Լɱ˵ĳ档
Ϊʲôǻ֪ǸʲôԼܹõĻ
wĻ򾲲ƻһҪȥ澵ӾΪС
ҰԼ㶼˵Լı𣿡
ʵһӣΪڵľûа취飬ֻܿǰΪwʲôҲ˵ĻҲҪѵ㾢ܴwͳʲô
Ȼʲôܰеȫ˵Ǿˡ
ڵôʱ䣬Ҫӵ뿪Ҫļһǻ϶᲻ԼǰٻҪһλĻԻͣŻҪӵ뿪
ֱ÷˵ͷǳѼˡ
Ƶ˲࣬ӦҲ࣬ǼӼӰǿӦϲ©ڽǱҲûϢ˵ҲҪǰæ飬һжڰȻתš
ҰһѶһʱ͸뿪ˣȻ޼ȥ鿴wǵݾӵء
ղŴ̫ˣ˲鿴ڻʱ䣬Ͻȥٿһû˿
ҰһһûԼȥǽ˼һһʼ֪ΪʲôҰһҪȥôƫƧĵطѲ飬Ұһ˵ֺ飬͵͵͵ɵ˵ʱһ
Ǻ¡
Ϊ޼䣬ȻûзЩʲôʱģ˷쳣ҰһһԺɴЩ˿ʮԴлġ
սսĸҰһȥΧ˱ըЩĿȫǵɽ۵ľǸҹʱһֱģҰһҿûҵĵطֻӰ˻ȥ
ҲûҵһҵĻ칷ǣЩ칷ǲڵʱҲĹȥЩСֵ칷Ҳõ˲ûʲôõĿڹ
˵ȫw⡣
Ȳ˵ǲ˦ˢˢİѹȫ˦wһͷǳѰζ
ǻж಻òŻᱻ¼屳ѣôĹҲ޼²ϵļ̷ǳױ޼ó
Ͳ˰ҰһЩΪѣЩȫ˵ǸwģwǱߵѶʵҲǺ˳
û˾w˵ࡣ
ѶˣǵĶSٹư
ƴѶߣûһܳŵùһСʱġ
ȻǱߺܿʹ˺Ϣ˵wѾˣôеģħտڲ̸
ǾǷǳֶαƹˡ
Ұһ̫֪ʲôֶαʳģֻǾԹƵֶôòʳwȷͦйˡ
һʼЩʵûȤֻ˵ʲôŮ˵ĶӱʱЩ֡
Ļ䲻ûôʲôã
ħһ£˵ַʽʵԭǱ߱ȽϳãڸԭúģԾᱣǷӡתͨˣŮ֮
뵽ʲô˵ؼҵĻҲҪʽؼءħ˵ҪҪ𣿡


91 
𣿡Ұһħô˵Щ, һΪֱӹȥȻ޸һ±˵ļʲôء
鷳ѽֱͶŵĸ׵Ķ, ձ˳򰴲ͰȻ, , һΥ򡣡
Ͷ̥ҲӲԹ涨, Ըıԭķչ, ͸¶δ, Ĺ涨ĿԲƨ, ħһһ˵, ֻ׼
ھҪuһǧʱ䣬ڸ˵ˣδܹǵסǵȵʱ
Ұһ˼
ץסһʲôͺչһֱԤԼδ
ԼԽ, Խƽ, Լ˼ȶķչأ
ԼûŤתߣһж˳Ӧе
ҲͲͨ
ںһҰһĺ, ˣǼһ, һ׼ȥ͸ԭǱˡ
ĸ
ƳĬ, ˵ĸ
ܹȥ˵İԾİ, ֻǵԭضڶŰ׼˸Ͻ˴ԭȥǣֶģ¶Է;غ
غħȥǹƺͰн飬һ㿴ҲǲУе¸ԭЩ쵰ͲֱˣͲ̫ˡ
ȥûðɡҰһɣҪа˺һȥ
аûа취뿪
аȥĻõģȥȥʵľȻֻйƣƼҰһԸȥֻԼȥץˡ
нľȴɾȣƹʱҲ⣬ڿ˵ʱuҲףԼܾûʲôˡ
Ͼ˵ġǰ׺Ҷ
ҲǰĸףԼӣԼԭ
Ǳ񣬹ƻܶʲôģⰲĸ׹治˼֡
û뵽ܹ֮һ̣һûй𣿡ʵþûмˣΪһء
˵ԼпԭԸɴ಻ˡƹĴ齱߽һ¡
ûг֮ڣڸҶʱ뿪ȻǵģҲһ񣬺ЩֲһȼģҲǺԵǰģȻԼĸ׺ͺѡ
ȷ¡ûоȣôڵðɣҿкúõİչ
üûĶҲúõչ
⻰͸Ҷ¶Ȼı顣
Թ֮Ҳ𣿡
ֻ΢ЩȤѡ
һĳȤǺøеĿʼŶ
ڳʵǺܽţҲñˣ϶ҪȥԭģֲĻɢȥԭǵԺܼ棬̸ʲôԶҲ
ڰ˵ҲǽһʼҲǻ˼٩Ƶԭ
Ʋÿɷ񣬡пյĻȥһɣͦģֻһֱû˵˶٣֪иwһֱͷҡײƭ𣿡
ľǸ˵ˣҵǾνңôʣӦֱײ˰ɡ
Ƶͷڱѹ޼ˣдóΪ˽һ£ڿҶˡ
Ҳ֪ҲᴦõĲ𣿡һ۴Ҫ˰
Ѿ˾ͷ۾ȴǸʱ̵١
ħʱ̣ȥ
Ƹߵӡ£Ŀ͸Ҷűģİ뿪ڰȥʱкͰǩԼֶԶϿˣ±֡
û̫ͣãĿͰ뿪֮ͻص˵
ŰҰһٱ
һᡣ
ûҰһֻйһ˻̾Ŷȥ˰Ȼû
Ҷ
ĸףҰһֱ壬ӦǸŮ˰ɡ
´γƼҲħȥżҲȥѰľҰһĶ
ҵģ
Ұһ򿪾һȻһ벻Ķ
ǡ
æͳԼԭǸᣬԭֺͲľɫһÿհһƬ
ƽֺ֮ͲͲӰǾϵڵģֱɫ͵ľ棬ԾԼʧȥټѾõĲ
ֵûм
Ұһ̽ԵͳԼıʣڻв۾ϵһʣһ룬ǸǻһеĲҲգգ۾ӻ˳
ֻǻϵĲǸߴ͵ĳ壬ҰһǰĲǿɰͷ̬
Ұһˡ
ˣҰһ֮ĽһֱĶˣԭֲƶÿɰ
ǻ

ڻȱˣȻС˵㣬ǻáƿǳᣬŲĲϵĲǳ𣿡
ҲְҰһͷԣȴǴӹѲ˹СĵĲ鿴ϵĺۼ濴Լǰʱ򣬲СĻƲһۼ
ԼĲ󡭡
ЩͷԣҲ֪ԼǸǰģֻܱŲ
һϲ̵ģڲΥԼԭʱڶԺǿݡ
ζԲȴûʲôɫ
Сء
Сˡƶöࡣ
޹ĿҰһСץĸ첲ģɲԼҪ֡
ҵ֣϶ҪҵġҰһ˼Ƭ̣Ѳ˾ᣬͺˡ
û취ֻҰһɲڰ˷ʱ䣬ֻϢʱ佫ӵĹ
ĹЧʸߣܿͽʱĹ
wҲԴһ£ǧĶʱ䣬̵ֱʱ䶪޼
˵ǹġ
wͨ꣬սʵ൱ǿڿʼһʱ䣬ҰһԸ̵ģͨᱻwɱߡ
w걻Ұһ̷ĥСҰһŷֽ䣬ֻ˸ۣ˸ƣȷwʵѹʮ֮һ
Ұһwõ֮꣬һwҲûٶҰһŷ
ȻûҰһɶãµսսĸҰһwˡ
ǰһڣ̫ԼĶ䡣
ȥץҰһû취ֻȥħ¿û취Լ㣬ᱻͷ̫
ȻĻ͵ץٳͷˡħЩգҪץŶ
Ұһ˵ͷħҪȥ
ĽƻҰһһսʱڣػսʺwܡ
ƼսҵĵطȥԵĻȥҲԣǱҲкܶ־ۼҲ˵


92 
ʱһ, ҰһȻѵЩ
ϴιΪҪ͹һӲ죬ھͲһˣԼǳ, w֮ǰϽץԷΪ˼䡣
Ұһһ뵽Լͱ¨ӾͷձС, Ҳ֪w쵰ܵȥ, ƵЩ˲ôעǱߵ, Ҳṩ˶ٰ, ֻܸṩпܵĵص, Ұһȥһҡ
wǰʼͺǺ͹Ϊ, ѲܳȥʱȥҵǰľɲһռɽΪ, ͼռƽ
ڲӦýƽˣӦýо
ҰһһĿ꣬ȥ
wµǸƣǱʲôʵһ㣬ֻ֪, ȴ֪
ԼĽƱˡ
ʲôӡȫӡǸ뵽һҰһ̽ĵط
Ұһץж˺ܴ, Ҳˣֻɸѡܵĵص㰤ȥ, ĿʵͦģԼϲôװ, пܻᱻǸϳ
˳˿֮, ĻǻϵϢϡ, һɵϢۣǸ˱ᣬһʱ֮ҰһڻЭˡ
°ɫFͷһȻϲñ˰ѵԼһεʿ
ڵϢǺ˷Ǳߵҩ
۾
ҰһȻã֮ͻָ۷ʱڣֻȥǸ磬Ƥ԰׵ӣôԶ⣬ȥݵģǹ幫ġ
ϼ붼ûУۣǾĹƤҪ۰׼֡
һȻԼαװ࣬ûȻˣֵע⣬ע⡣
һλʿˡ
˵ǿòԼĺլ
˵ǿòŮļҵĹŮаŮװˣʵԺ
Ȼֺ˵ҪȥԼС檵ʿҰһ˸
Ұһû뵽Ȼֲ۾˹Լ鷳ģԼѾܵ͵ˣҶˣΪʲôԼ
ԼŮ˵Ǹʿһë
ҵĴֵµʿԴҲһëҲﶺֱӴңȥһطһҪȥڵĿֶܴ̾ھǾ
ңҲΪҵַǳ࣬ϣܹЩֵʲôЩʲô֪ȫûбҪ˷ʱ䡣
Ұһֻ˸ط
ֱȽ٣һʼûЩС֪ЩʲôɾǴЩֵ棬ԼҪ֪鱨
иֽº˵ԼǰĸҪԼĶӰ
ûʲôǸҶһ·ЩС˵º˵Ҫ°ĻҪŮ
ͨŮ˵֮⣬ºʵЩСֻ֣֮īĵĹأûжЩС֡
ˣºڻûжЩСֳ֣ԺβأɲҪǿ뾩ǳھŮαȫԵ֮󣬾øĳǳصѾвŮʧˣǱץΪºĿ
ЩҲǺ£ͳºû֣ϽӵԶĵطȥ
Ұһ֮ǰΪʲô뾩ôԶô֣ǿûʲô֣ԭΪ
Ϊʲô֮ǰԼȥЩֵʱǱտڲ̸أ
ҰһѯʵǸСЩҲ֪ò˵пǾĳһλļɣȥ˾϶ᱻºĸȥġ
ʵǲĿλװųȰλ˵ļǸϽ뿪ɣǱʵ̫Σˣһ࣬Ǿûпܴùºġ
Ȱ˵ĲһССĺͯûʲôսҰһȥĴȰҰһ飬Ҳûа취
ллǣηȥɡ
ǸºҪµģ϶wˡ
ǰwŰͷҡײƭ֪wôƭº׹ģҪҪŮӵһ㣬㹻Ұһˡ
ֱͣžȥ
Ľ̳̿죬ܿ˾
ڱ᳼ͳεľϿһ㼸ѹͷֻͨǾûʹֵܹߺǣȴܹѹѹѪ
Щºʱɱ¾Ұһӵм̶̵ĲʱʧһλŮ
Щļûܵ˺ȻЩ򲻿ܻסġ
ºλˣҲƭŷ᳼ѰŮ
ҰһûзѶ˾ǡ
ɫ֯Fͷң󲻻˵ע⣬װһͨҰʿ˾
ֵϵͨջֶ̻̲ûа취ڸǿֻš
ʧٵģŮ֮⣬Ҳʼ˶ʮٸŮʧٵġ
ŮڵҲҪ᳼ʩѹ᳼ⷽ쳣ļᶨͲȥѹһУκ˵Ȱ
ҲΪķ˾ǵͨŮԵʧ١
Ϊ治ٳˣҪԾֻܳŮӡ
wӵӳ죬ôݱӣҰһ˴ƹݵ˳ʳժ˲ñһûһڵĳӡ
ЩڵԵʵǼ©ζûУͬԶʱ򣬸˶ﰵĿСֹʲô
ҰһϰˣҲΪ⣬ôΪ
εҩеһͣ˯ӿͷ޲˯ȥ
Աߵλ˸ˡ
Ұһ̧Ƥһźɫԡ£ƤݵĿˣֲȤĴӳԡ
λ
ҪǸ˵Ļ͸Ͻ뿪ɡҰһ̵˵˷ֲŮҲֲ𣿡
ūưһǸǸֻǿһЩĹˡ
˵껰𣿡
Ҫô䵭ûھ㣬֣ūưԹԵĽ˺ƣ˾Ʊ˾ƸҰһҶԭ͡
Ҳ֣ࡣҰһһūư治ɫĺȽ˶
ūưٽܹо
Ǿ·Сֵζɡ
ܹСֽΪԻѵ֪㳤ôÿ׳µŶūưĵѡץʱ뿪ɡ
ҪµġƤף˾ϾƮһĨΣûкڵʱЩƹǺôľһǧ壬ŶľƱһھƻӵġ
ѵǹͶ᳼ɲˡ
ǣºġһöը۾ūư㲻ҲΪ𣿡


93 
ūưȷΪġ
ϲŮӱºץȥ׼ȥιν
ҪҪǹܲŵ, ϾǰԼҵ£ҪҲܲţܲܲҪԼҪ, ǸĵĴʦҪôҪôŮӵأ
ڳھΪ˴º, ԼŮ˾Ȼ, Ȼūھ
ǲŹԼϲŮ˵ġ
ūưǰʿòЩνĹҪĶ, ǻϳŵҲעĿ
Ұһ, ˫ֱȹŮӵֻҪ, ǰѺɫĵҲǾʵ, ֱûĥ𡭡
ⲻǳİɡ
ūưжһҰһֵ֮, һ˿ûʲôõĽۣʱҰһʧȥȤ
֮ǰǾһҰһҪھԷʧ
Ǻ£˰ԼϿɾͲˡ
ūưѾƺȹ⣬ûиǮ, ôʩʩȻ뿪, ҰһҲЩСǮūư֮, ȥ˸õס
˳͹ͨ绰
绰һƴСӣеƵ, õ, ֻҪһ˿ͿԽͨ
ǱߺܿӦ, ƺħϹͷһ£Ǳ˸ţͷ
ѾҵwټºĶºŮ˵Σ
У˳ºһץͺˡһħֵͷɻȵҪ֮ǰһ
֪ˣȰץ֮Ҿͻȥ췣ˡҰһһԼѣЩġ
ʽ·ȫûкøУò˶þͿԻˡ
ʱ·ߵ̯ϳ˲٣ڸͲԳڣõȥȥ̽̽·
ºڸǷ᳼ĸˣ᳼ԵʮТ˳ֻҪԼĸ׵Ҫȫھ治ʧŮҲһֻ۱һֻۣ˶Է᳼˵ԼƣŮˣԽȫץԭŮҲȫˡ᳼֪ԣȴأΪĸ캦¡
Σȥ˴档
𾩶ֵҪŨĶ࣬еҪˮ
ͨʴ±ԽԽƢҲԽԽ꣬в˳ľͻᳳŪ˶սľģ̴ӺŮҲСĲҶ˵±ŭĹǻֱȥħ
Ұһǽѭſȥһ䡣
ﱳֻеӣ棬ŮУϴĶͨ˼ҵĹﴩ˵İʮķҲǼŻƽϾµױȫΪˮ޻ˡ
ЩŮ˿޵ͷۣ޲˦ȥЩ˷ºĿȫָʲôʱͻᱻԵ
ЩŮһ߿ޣһ˵ɥ˿۽ǻһһε顣
ҰһڴߣЩͷԼôЩŮӵĻ⡣ͲóӦŮӣοǿŮЩŮǴС㣬ָǱߵԹ̸ͨϡ
ԥ˺һᣬҺ˵ǣԳΡ
λҰһ¶ԼΪȡǵΣԼ¶˳ǵģϣǲҪ
ͻȻڷİЩǼҰһղŲ˸罫ˣȻҰһǾԲѡôͻȻֵġ
Щǰ˸磬ȻЩָҪѸȫġ
ܿ죬һʼļ֮󣬽ŻƵĵƻ𣬿ҰһļǺܿ侲ҪҰһŶ̫ˣǲ̫ŵģҰһôһžͱԵģзĶûˡ
Ǹλ˵䡭ҰһԶλ̽Եʵ໹֣
ӣڱץʱһֱλִ˿Լ֪ǸܵģڸղҰһֵʱʵôһ˲ϣλִˡ
ϧǡ
ӣᣬûмһλر𳤵ִأ
ر𳤵֣
ǲǽԼ
ŷһĺףͨȴûз֣ǸͨˣֻԼĺס
ֱͱ˶ԷݣҲûòס
ʱھĴ֣º£Ҫºġ
ūưȰԼ뿪ӦǺߡ
˾ᣬº»ûз֣ҪЩתƣ򿪾֮ԭЩͷǵļǾȻˡ
ʿΪʲôƵó˾ᣬ˵ǱԻǵأ
Ͼ࣬кÿ̶ֳȵģҲֻˡ
ҰһǳΣЩô࣬ԼֲһһĴȥǷȥˣ֮󱣲׼Ʋסֱܣֵľ
Ұһ˵ʲôȴԼĽ类ˣһ£漴ͳ˵ſڿһ
ֱӽײײɫĵ⣬ֱӱֳ룬ѹ˰ļ̲סæǱ߶㡣
ҰһмǰŵһһոЩֵ
ȷǻᵶģѧղֻǰյ̿ʮɽĻ֮裬ЩԹ˺֮ȻҲ˲С˺Ǳɫпе˿ڣȫ䶯ţ޷ϡ
ʲôҾȻˡҰһЩϤ𣬽ֻ־ȻҲˣбŸղԼλѹѹһƬ֣ι״ģ˿һ۾Ҫſޡ
Ұһ⻹Ҫ۾ģ֣˼һЩ壬·𶼷ŷңö㣬ǰҰһЩЩ۾˾νˣڿЩ֣üĿ㡣
ȻȲˡ
ϺãС硣ūưӢ۾һЦĶҰһ˸кû뵽羹Ȼˡ
ǸմϽЩȳȥֻᰭ¡Ұһ˦˵ϵѪ飬ҲӵӦ֣ûһʼɬ
С磬óǵɡūưտ˼ۣΪߣԵоҰһҪ̵Ķ࣬ȻĳҰһĶĲ
ûгϰϼ룬óʲôֻͨϰƲ⣬óʹõģӦǶһЩҲǶ̵֮ġ
սܿºע⣬Хһӵ´˳ݿƻŷ䣬ҪЩɢӿŮ˶ʿڳԣҰһȴһ֮ǰģͳԼıʣԼһԼūưֿһģɫĳѹϢӿº󾪣ҪܣҰһҩˮϣԭҩˮڵϢ͵ɢǹϢˢڳֵ壬ȻЩľ
w㻹Ҫ㵽ʲôʱأҰһºĸȰץȥҾҪħͷˡ


94 
ºʵʶҰһ, ͲסıʶҶʹ
˭ĥ˺ü궼ԸԼ̵ŨصӰӳ֮, Ǹ˻׷˳ͼƻԼĺ¡
һ̵ģ
w̡
ԼҵıʵǲҰһû˵ļӳ»ûôܰԼı, Լ, ȫԳʱٴܵ
ħ
, Ұһ˵ĻʱȻը
ǲ֪Ұһ˭, ֪ħ˭
ձûв֪ħ˭ˣ
Ǹոնµ֪СҲ֪, Ҫħץȥ͹ըƵģ
Ƕ֮¾֪֮, ȴҲ֪Ĵ, ǸصĵطձеյĹԼСĿ۵ˣȻħ
Ҳ̫˼ˡ
˭Ұһǵ䡣
ΪǵӡУӦ, ͷϳΧһ黢ƤΧȹĹ, һĹӡ
ǸҰһºĵûа취άԼ¶Լԭ, һֻѩ׵ģӵоβ͵Ļ, Ȼ, ͷѾǲĺԴ
û
㣡ĥϰ, òӳȴҪ׽ȥԲ
ƴѾҶӵģðƻ޼ɵĨ𣿡
ºŭɶԻڣ
֣ҿɲ֣ԻڣҰһдʣοwҲûص˰ɡ
ǾԲ˺ҵĺӵģ
ǲĶӣwһƽĹ壬㲻ҪִԲڸģͺĺöȥǵɺã
ºûмļһ磬ʵ֪ԼǴ򲻹ģģ
ΪʲôҪ׷ǲţ
ֻҪԼĺӣΪʲôЩҪֹԼЩǲǶԼĺã
ִԲ򡣡ҰһΣ֪w϶ڿҲգwڸһȥһֱڵóǷǾֻܱͶܳˡ
ºϣֳһߴ׳ӣ壬һͷĽɫͷ
Ӱģ壬Ϥȴ֪wҪ뿪֡
ܹ鶼ڵóΪʲôΪԼһǰأwЦˣͲΪĿУֻħĽˣô˵һ𣿡
⻰ҰһŭЦħǱ˰ߣҲһѣħǵ㣬ֻǽǵƹܶѣúõķʡؼյһ죬ڹӲдսϣûбҪˡ
ôҪɱ𣿡
Ұһݸİǰܰù½аְ֣ȻҲܣһºЦˣҶֻĸûʲôȤ㻹ǵӱȽϺá
ūưūֱҰһһڸ°ͣϲ£죬ȫû뵽ʱôܳˡ
ūưʱûסЦλҰӿǶθڣҪҺһƣ
ţŭĿӣ˵ʱ򣿣
˾ϲѣѵüôθڵСһɲŹˡ
ƻ˰ɡҰһĵذ壬Ǹ˱ʻڿиֵīǳ۾ƵģֱֱľͳŰеºȥˡ
ڽʱ򣬻ûǰû׳ļķ仭ʦŻƵâǡ
ڳļǶʶģȻʶŷɥū̽Եһ£ָ̾ͱ̵һƬлŵζ
⾿ǵĻʦţūư˵ˣԾʵūưûȥһĽԡ
ֻǱ࣬Щֱ棬ֻҪ磬ǾԲᱻ˵ġ
ôһСṤºҰһѾѴǸˣΪŨ󿪵Ķ¹⣬ֻܿɫͺɫڽмײ֮ɢ
ǿҰһĶģǿĳŽɫĹѹźںɫĹڴ򣬶źںɫĹ⣬ڽӴ֮Լʹ򲻹׼ܣȴҰһһץ˻ýֱӰѴǵĵҳһ޿ӡ
ūһ
ǵ𣿡
˵֪ĴڣôǶԵ֪ͽһЩıˣֻ֪ʮޣа˴ͺϸһЩģԱʲôģһĨʲô֪
ǰûнƶȵʱżһεڽƶȣʮ֮Ǿͳ׺͵˵ݰˡ
ϸ񣬶ڵͷǵ֮ϸĹ涨ȥʺദһ£ȥǵ鼸
һʼ˸սȨȻǷսȨֲҺûױһȥľͲˡ
ֺ͹ȥǾ͸ûзӽˣöֺ֮Ĳ²Ť£÷ǳˡš
w֣ȥڶɵӡ
鱨ֶϲĽ֣õļһ˵սԵûȤļһԵԽĺ
ūưڻǸ֣Ȼûиϵ֮以ͨ޵ʱ򣬶ԵҲһ֪ģֻȴӰںò׼һúÿôС
뿴࣬ºȴȲˣϴǴˣЩСԱ߸ɿҲ̫ãǾѡһֱվһ߷ǳдڸеūǡ
ｻǰɣţǿʼˣūưͷû취ֻõͷūҲԼ׷ġ
ūưԻҰһһλҷųһ£Щˡ
æҰһûڹƵĽȴһӣūǴǿӿ˳һֳ֮ԶϣЩ±
ƽȵĴǣ˿ȴ̻ͰΧͨ˿սڴǿǺ͹ŮսսǽǷһ˵ԺӱĶƻš
ڴǴ
Ұһºβͱһ룬ֻʣͺͺβҡڣ˵β;൱ԼԭֱקֱӰơ
ºĶӽгڲгҪŶ
ҰһǶڵºȰ̫ˣץҲֻѡ
ǾԲԼĺվġ
ǿ鷳˰ҰһЦݣᣬھģúɫͺɫճİǵ


95 
ڰСʱ֮ǰ, ūưҪȥͷ
ڰСʱ֮ԸԳˡ
˴˵аǵǱҰһھ, ҰһÿܵϰΪİǵľɫ
һƬֻкڰĵطΨһɫʾǻȼյĽɫѪҺĺںɫ
ҽа, Ƥ¶ͽ, ȻֻǽҽƤǻֻº͵ĳͷ, Խ, ̵̷ǱȱȽ, ūưսֶЩܲ, ο˿ڶûмļ, Ϊֱ̼ӻ˹ȥ˲˵ļ
ڳûһ˵
ūưס죬εһƬɷףܳŲ³һЩȽϲС־ûô˼ɣֱ˳, Ͳҿĳ
ʬɽѪǾǵ
˿ֲ
Ӳжô˺µڿǵľɫʱ, Ȼʼڵܷˡ
ĵطܵϰĥ𣿡ºݣɤΪʱ˻߶Щɳ, 㣬͸ȥǵطܾĥˣ
ҰһΪºĸ𺳡
Ȼûʲô, ΪºݰǴ, wĺ, ҲֻסԼѡ
Ϊĸ˵ºȷѾãΪԼĺӸУԼ
ĶӲwĻӦûҸܶɡ
Ұһѵø̾һ󼸺ʵĵͼҹ
ĵͼûͨ˶õЩҹѵͨ˼ⷬľɫæڵأߺħ֡
ԶڵħͻȻ˲Щͷԡ
ƴ˾ҰһǱߡ
հƵãͱҰһɧŪͷߣҧгݵ֪ͨĽƻϿΣпеȥ׼
˶ܴôҵľָΪŹȶֱӻȥҲǲܡ
ºצץŵ棬ɿֲǿԼҪȥǾûִˡ
һЩ˵ֱӱ˵棬һЩﲻǷūǻȫº£϶˸һɶ
ѾȥߣǰˣҲһ˽ȥ
ҰһһǾɱ˶˲Żᱻǵȥأǵֻд֮˵Ĺ
֪ЩֵΪѾɵļޣҰһ֣ЩҲᱻֱӴǵȥ
Ȼ˺ö๤ĹɫеĹȴõľе䶼ΪҶҳһࡣ
ֻħļλͻȻӴĹѹĴֻܼӰӵĸɻȡ̵ʱЩȫ
ºʼ֮Ҳĸɾʵı˰ǵ
ºwҲһα˻ȥ
ҰһѾɨĲˣŽеȫ˵棬¶һֱڵŵģǡ
ûдӰ˫һŹ⣬ǹŽ󣬴ӼССҫ۵ĽĹ㣬͵˸ĵط
˻ﲻĻᱻµĲᱻ
һ漣
ūư֪˾Ǻ˻ǻˣ˵ǺˣԵҪ˵ǻ
Ǹǳìܵˡ
һ֮Ұһ䵽ϣٵĽƴ˸кŶ
Ұ˰ֵܹܿĴȣ涼æˣȥæɣ
ÿһʮձ󣬳˰˲˴֮⣬а˺ߵĵط˵൱ˣЩ鲻ÿͶ̥󲿷ֶڵΪڲ̷̵ļ»Ǽܣľͽó
˲ͣĽ˻һֱ治˿ԽԽͣԭ滮ľͲô㣬¹滮һ¿ɸߣ⽫ʱȥֶ൱ࡣ
Ұһһȥ˵Ӧãǵ䡭æ
Ǹæ
ԭһ̶ôߣǿãҰһһһ˽ԭǿ㹻Щ׽⡣
ҰһЩΣǺðɣϻȥȥȥɻɡ
Ƶһ̵ˡ
ūưǰļ򣬡Ҫȥ𣿡
еæҪȥæôҲȥҰһһۣ֮Ҳôһ£
ҿ֣кþòءūưҰһȰԼϽ⻰е㲻ζҽūưǻͷ
ҰһࡣҰһҲҽһ¡
ʵûҽܹūư֪Ұһ֣ҲΪºгҰһ֡
֮ȥʲôʱģҿ֪𣿵ǲȫӣЩֲȥ𣿡
ǣǰǣܡҰһԼĻش⣬ǲūưԼϹϵ
ɲֹۡ
ȥЩҲвٳ͢ĹԱԭǿάƽʱҪ
ȻҲпܲңĸ»Ҫô㲨۵ģūԭº֮ھפᣬôܲס˳ºĲеȫ
ҰһŻȥֿ֪ʼˡ
ԭСŵζʼҪû׳ԼһЩؼʿҲΪʼ
˻û𣿡̹ҵļժմѪһԺһʵŮһ·Сܣûأ˵˫̥
Ůĵطǲ˽ȥģ̹ʤֻվȴ
ڼ̹ʤûеȴãʹӤ޵ЩżǰȥȴſڵŸסˣֹ˺һᣬü̹ʤȥ
ԼķݱݱһӤһӤǱһߣһ۱ŮڻӤݱݱ˻ĺϡ
Ӳ޲֣ڶͷϣĺɫ̥ǣųһСſ۾˫۾ֱĿԼֱѼ̹ʤĻë
ǵħ̹ʤȻŭȴôһħ


96 
ҰһӦڰºwһץ֮ͻص췣, ͲסôȥһֱӸô๤
ЩĻص˵ԼʱͬȻ, ˼ˣ;, ЩȻ޴, ƺ֪ԼΪʲô
ЩҪعСҰ, þ󲿷ֵ֮, ʣµ߲Ż͵档
߲ÿͥһ, ϾҲк, ͥһǸ˾ֱӰ˶, ֱȥͶ̥ˣǰģʲôԲöģŻᰤ洫һֱתǱ߽ղö
Ұһֱȫ޶飬ȫǷԴ, ֻȥĵȻǰǵ
ħ
ħһȴ, ƽҲͼʮˣξȻмٸ, ѵطĵطģħѺͷ˵Ϊ˷ֹЩǱ, ˴ά, 
ҰһСƿħĴ, һֽƿмڽе֣ڹԱԼϣȫûҿƺħ
ʹҰһܹܵâڱߡ
ߺܿŲ䵭ֳȵߵС
ѷĹٴãȻŵƵϣҪԼ޼
һ¡ʾ佫ոɵȥţԺٴһ
ƺʲô˵ͷȥ鲻ͨ࣬Ϊ֡
ǱͱڵҪ棬ͻȻȥҲΪʲôУ֪δҪڵĥͲš
ºǲǴӵǿ϶ҲԴӵȥġ
һ£ǵʵº˵ԶԶ뿪ħ
Ѻ͵䱾Ҳôһսģֱӳ߸ΣĽŶħǸǳǸûпΡ
ħּʮ̷ϳȥ
γȥܳͷƽղǸľu÷ŽСƳ棬һ佫СƳȥ
ô
ڰǽԺͻܶءҰһЩΣһ췣ġ
ȰЩȫ֮Żͷ㣬ʱ乤ر࣬л̵ʱ䡣˶٣º޼𣿡
ţֱ͵޼ȥˣӦöѾ֪ȥˣȥ
ƴӻͳһƴһĶҰһҰһȥºw԰ֱӶڵصס
ллȥˡ
ƽһߴҰһӣһȻԼҪõϴӴԼĵ̡
ϴ󣡡
أ
أҪȥ𣿡
ûҰһڣҲֻȰ˹ؽȥȷǲ֮ܳȥæŽͽ顣
θ˸ģѲ鶼µĹӣ˵ȻͺںϵЩԭôæҲͥȥɻˣ޼䱾Ͳ࣬ڱ׳޼Ҳ٣ҲЩ׽⣬Ұһ֮΢һ㡣
ǲ÷ֳôֻwˡ
Ϊw͵ܣҲôæ
ȻҪһǣҰһʵwôӵ뿪ġ
޼ǰ˴ײĵ;Ŀռѷ죬ż鲻СĴľżҲ᲻Сıʱѷȥ
Ƿߡ
Ұһ߽רſٵļwº˶ֱֿ档
ȥ˹wķ䣬wǲϲ·ıǽϡ
дĴֵָĶմŷӡ䣬wûа취ǽ
Ұһw·
Ұһʶô꣬ûôҰһɫ·һǺɫͺɫŴżᴩϲɫ١
Ƕ㣬ȻҲȥ
仯ôѵͲȥ𣿡
ǺȥΪֻҪһȥͻҳˡ
㻹СΪϲĳ˾;ܾȥǸ˾ȥĵطwЦǿҲǸСˡ
㶮ʲôҪǶĻͲӵӳȥˣ˴ΥħӵȥֻǸӵȴʹõɵӰˡ
˵Ŀ죬ҲǱڵĿ˰ˡ
ϣһڽܿʵʱô졣ҰһЦЦ㾿ô뿪İɣ
ȻɰǸô뿪ģȻͭǽôӳȥأw˵
µ䣿ܡҰһʸڷϣҪֱӰѹҵʵ̫С˰ɡ
ʵҰһɹԼֵµˣϾ޼ҪԼһӳȥеѣǵӦϣܰwȳȥ
޼ĵ򻹲̫һΪ޼ݵߣǷ˷ǳ̵еĴˣǲҪ޼ܵĳͷҪʱߵݺ
޼䣬ڵ湤˺ܳʱģ˵ڵ˺ܾõ
ֻڵЩˣǲôӣҪǺܶ࣬Ƿǳʵʵ塣ֻҪȭͷӲͿõ൱ĻȨְԱսҲСԳƵϵһ
Ұһո޼ʱҲвΪôһսļһǵλöҰһüԣҪ۸Ұһ֪˺ŶҲԲôɡ
һʼҰһЩգȥѯʹƵʱ򣬹ƾֱ˵ǴܾͿˡ
ҰһŽɵȥˣЧҪúܶࡣ
˵۸ˣЩֱһһ磬ҰһŷĲˣǰķ·ǸʲôôţƵһ
ȻЩţȷڵЩʵǵֻҪȭͷӲǾͻģwȻʵǿ󣬵ȭͷӲͲֵµЩ䱳Լ
ȻҪĻΪǸͲҡ
һǳְҵһи߶ļӰѣڵһӵ飬ǶѾ˾Ǵӵ뿪նӲصڵľǣѻܵôĳͷ
ҰһҲڰе飬еļһĽֵµ˸ûбԼô뿪ºľͷǳѰζˡ
wʲʲô뿪˹ķȥº
ŻѵºʱǱıǽϣ͵ĿǰǽҲ֪ʲôʱºԾĽ
ʲôôˣ
Ұһ˸ǰѾȫˣ㻹Ҫ𣿡


97 
ºҰһ˵Ļ, ʸڷϣܣ
Ϊжôİ˵ʵǸп޵ĹߣڵΨһֵǸ·Ȼû֮һŰ߿Ұһ˵ֻԼǳȰѺСֵ, ǸǲǸ
⻰ǰºǿ϶ŵģһ, wѾץ, ԼҲǵĿ֮, ֮ǰս֮ҰһʵԼ˵˺ܶ, ԼΪźӶû, ڡ
ºЩľս
˵Լ˵Ѿû, ΪܹӵҲԼİ, ԼҲڵˣûа취ԾùԼҲûйϵ
ѺǵļʵƵСݣѺ棬ǿˣȻܿͻᱻݻ, ֻŴС
wºϰ, ѾϰһƬڰºһ, ûоôʱСݾ棬ôʱѾЩ, Żô׵Ұһôɵ䡣
˵ĻҾͻħ, , ȻʱҪһȥġҰһһһµӵķ֣йɽ䲻СʴºľҰһٸºʩεľѹƬһƬĿռֻҰһºôһ˿ȫС
ðɣȫ㡣ºſǻ
ºҰһһΪʲôwԴӵԭ
w뿪ʱ򣬾һӡǣԱܹӵԼΪĸףеһνˡ
Ȼº˵ЩʱûʶԼĸףһĸ׵˵Щ
Ұһţ˼˵ĻǲٵĲ֡
w֮ǰԼһڴ͵ĶԼ֮Ϳ͵صʵץ޼ܷǰ300꣬ҰһԴ̵ģڲ¶ԼƵ£wǲᵱҰһԼĵơ
ҰһʱŹͨ䴦֮ȷҰһûнеעȫϣ˵
ܵ׷ɱЧķΪһ±
ֻҪˣôˣħڣаûа취Լ֡
ô޿ֻ֣ҪǱ߲Ҫô췢Լ뿪ôԼļƻǡ޷ģΪתƵעwԼڵļССֶˣҲ̶̵ʱӳ˵ϵºȻĶ׼ͨºĶӱȻһϡ
ò˵wΪ˶ܵ׷ɱ˵þֶΣû뵽İ취ֻҪȥĸһЩ˵ľͱwº˿
ҪǵȴԼĲǳͷֱӰѹְ޶ɡ
ʵҰһԼ᲻ܷǸԼĹñӡΪƸ˵ֻﵽһְλſʹʱҲΪĿŬ
һԼ˴󣬶һôصĴǾͿ϶ᱻƽְҲζҪͷʼǺüꡣ
ǾԲ·ģwºҲȫûкɫԤϵŭ
ڵõԼĻش֮ҰһŴСȥȴûаºСųȥһν档
Ȼȥwķ䡣
wܸˣôʲô𣿡
ţ˵㶫Ұһվſڣִ棬˵ʵ֪ҾôЩĿЦ
wͷһ
ºѾȫ˵ˣĶ±ˣǵûа취ץˡɡ
wûйϵֻҪ֪Լô뿪ģȫû⣬ôʱ䣬ҰһԲеעһֱԼϵģΪ۶ɣԼҲΪְһ뿪
һΡ±ˣȻΪձס
µأӦþھûɣϾÿζھԼĺۼȻЩ鷳ūЩӦóʱӹ˾ĵ磬ֻҪһۣͿūѰǸêȻֱӰεⱲӣֻһӴڶˡ
wȻһ£Ӧò֪ʲôӵİɣǵɤۻ⻹ҪСӻһֱཹཱུĽУ㷢裬ɤӾֻô󣬸Բ˶ǿȥˮҽһͺθԶûŶΪܶǳĺ޲ýȥ㲻ܳԣһֱȥΪֹȻһģȻŻڵը֮Żɡ
ըжأ˭ûһȷеʱ䣬϶ˡ
ϧw֪ʲôǵ
ֻҪѵþͺ˰ɡwûбҰһŵ˵ʵ̫СˣǵҲãҲãȫ㿴
ҰһԣʵûסЦǺãҾĿԴˡ

ǾԲģһwҪձǲܵġ
Σ롣
ҰһƸǸɫһĶ˳wץ˳ⶫwȻӽ˵Ȫ
˵Ȫʵ¶ȸߴһǧȵҽѣŶйĸأǹĸˮȻwǿ϶ġ
ºʱҰһħ˹ʡ
ƵѶԶҰһԱȵģܿʹºʳҪ֪ĶټоĸǵѶޱѸ٣Ȼº޼
Ұһϸ̣ȻżһڣԱ˵ֵһᣬô˵ҲһСӣڴ˽Ĺ˵Ѿǳѵˡ
˹µĹƣҲҪҰһ顣
Ұһ˴޿ɱ粵ģԼ˴ҲҪܳͷοְλҰһֻħվһЩĲ̣ҪŹҰһȴƸֹˡ
ҰһڵְλͣȻǽܽеĹֵòСҶڿţԲС»ˣһҪ˿Υ˹涨Ľôġ
ԼҲЩģǵĹأҲûа취ġ
ҰһҲ֪Զڳͷûпܣ̹ȻĽˡ
֮Ұһ֪Լĳͷ
ڵȻ240ʱҪÿȥȻʱֻҪۼƵʱ䵽240ʱͿˡ
ǵȻҲǷǳѪȵģһǳһʱ䣬в˶ͷʵ̫ˣ׷ȥħ͹Ǳ߿飬ιȴȫһڻؾˡ
αôҪ̷Ժ˴˾ͻѧ˴ͻ顣
ͷѾǸһˣΪ˰ο͵͵˺š
ÿȥתһת
ҲǡԼ˽İɡ


98 
̹, ͷЩҰһϡ
һʼΪԹƵԸһǳĳͷͳͷһĸӽȻ˵ȥӲ, ʵͽࡣ
֪Լڳ˹֮ȥ, ڵȥʵǳ鷳, Ҫ൱ӵܱ׼, ûɵĻҲ׼ȥġ
ǹƻħȻͬˡ
²̫, ֻħ֪, ҰһҲûи˵
޼ϰ, °֮ȥȻСʱĳͷ, Ȼ컹ûкڣʰԼȥȻڶٻ
ħ֪ʲôȥˣֻйƲŻϼӰʱӾ濴ۡ
ҰһȻʲôûоЩӦ
ǰʱƨɺ涼ʲôţûа취úõĲι, ûа취˽, ֮ǰΪwҲֻȥ·Ͽһ;ķ羰
γ֮ǰʱôƽ, һЩ߾СΧе
ҽ紦ΪⷢĦǺģƽʱżĦ, ڷ᳼ڵ֮Ҳһغ, ´ҿ, Ҫ̲᳼ңȻûж֣᳼Ҹ´Ѿǰ϶¡
Ұһ֮ЩãȻ֪ʲôȻĴйʱ͸оս
ֱȥսûȿսѾڸתˡ
Щǻûüƴߵ飬ƹЩѾ͸ûа취پȵʬ壬ɽµʬѰһҴߡ
ӣεսǽŽģǲ֪Ϊʲôûռʬ壬ʬյֻһЩõʰˡ
صʬ壬ֻвֵֻ˻кҰһЩ˴ʬ淭˿ȫ޸֮Žǰһߡ
ҪЩʬȫյģҹȼʬʵЩעĿפ⸽ʿ
ǷŲֺ׷ߣܲܡ
˿ɲս٣ܼĵطǻ᲻ڰæġ
˸˻кмʶܹ۾
ǿҰһʱ򻹲Ż˾ǣֻԼ
ֻҪתһת߾ܿԶĴɵʬ塣
ǵ𣿡
ҪҲĻҪڵˡ
ֻŮͳ룬˿طϣǷ·ƵĽ˿ȫܿ죬ԭ۵Ե˿ھѾȫϣֻմѪ·Ǹմս¡
Ұһڸ֮ȥһ˴˿ڡѾ˲ٵ˲ҰһǸʧȥ˸첲ͬ黭첲Ȼȥ
ʧȥ֫ʿкܶ࣬ǶûͦʧѪһغˡģ붼ֻ˿ڣûʧѪˡ
ʹҲû뵽Լܻ˸ˡ
ڣڵ˻ҹä֢ϸͿ壬ɢźɫҰһŮ
ҪҲûϲɫ·էһۿȥŮƵġ
ûҳĿŮߵ߸ˡ
Щ˶½½˹ڷҰһ֮ǳͳһķҰһ
𣿡
ȱ첲ȵ³岻˵ЩϺöѪӵҲȫϣԼܹˡ
ҰһҡҡͷȻѾǾ뿪ɡ
ôߣҪȥǹƶΪѾˣ֪ȥء
ڻȥ˵ᱻǵӱ
Ҫϵϵ̫ˣͺȫûһǽּѾȷʿĳǰ϶ֻ֮ġ
ѽȷǷˡҰһȷû뵽һ磬ҪԼԼһ
ƺû뵽ҰһȻ˵ֻϾ˵ľٶ̫
Ƕǵģ˶ˣǾͰҰЩʬɡҰһָЩѾȥ˵βܣӿġ
ֱյ𣿡
ǿԣû𣿡ҰһʵǵľӦפ⸽ɣġ
⸽ɻء
װ棬ȻصҽյҽҲôʬˡ
Ұһͳһհ׾ᣬ̱֮˵ϣǾʬŽ˾棬ҳϾͳ˵״˾ȵĺϲ£죬ȷԼȷɡ
УеģҪŮԵĳƺƺˡҰһȥһʬ壬ǼʿϽæսϼپʬȫŽ˾档
ǵĶʬֶ࣬ȵ֮ȫꡣ
ǰļߣڵ۵ֱҰһúô⼸ûעԼֱӻ˵
ҰһʬһԼʬζȥħԼķ䣬Ÿɾ·ȥħȪ
ϰ໹нӽСʱʱ䣬żڰԼϵζȫɾ֮ŰԼȵȪ档
ħȪɰ˴ĹˮͰ˺еˮкһ£Ƚʺá
Ұһֻ¶˱ϵĵطͷˮɢһƬɫȪ渡۾ȻԼȫˮ
ԼѾˣǽˮҲ
ҰһûȥӣͱץżȪ
Լ𣿡Ĺ˦˦ϵˮ飬ҰһղŶŵë˲֣ǱɹҲôעһӰ졣
ڻϰʱɣôȪˣ
Ȼ˸ҵġȪȪ˺ιȥ
ҰһŶһҲˣѴǰͷԺȥȪվ
ƵҰһ¶ļ棬ҰһȪǱɣϲΧԡȻھԲỹվš
ˣ
Ҫϰˡ
Ǿʰһ£һȥ緹𣿡ƿһ۱־˵ϰ໹нʮӣȫȥʳóһ緹
ð֪ʳýʲô緹
˵˾ź档
ϳЩİɡҰһŹƻ·һһ²ۣһ֮ڳ
ʳ÷Ӧġ
ҰһһϵĽᣬŶľȥѶ£ȥŰɣϹȥ
¶ȥħʳõʱ򣬹Ѿ˷Һλõˡ
ȳԵġ
ûϵֱҰһ棬ӳ
ΪʳĹǰķǷǳʢͣҰһǰķ嵭ΪаͿθСˣ󣬸պùһ˳ԡ
˵ƹǱ߱Ƚеʽ
ò˵Ƹѡ緹ͦθڵġ
ϻҪȥ𣿡

֪ûսҰһȥܾһһɣȲˡǾû취ǿˡ


99 
Ұһûȥ޼
޼󲿷ֵ䶼Ѷ, ҰһʵǺĥ˵ģ˱Ҫ֮ٻȥƺħҲΪǵһ, Ұһħ æС
ҰһʵϰʱħӲûб, ֮ǰһֱڹƵԱ, ֻҰһٻħ, Ϊ˷Ŷĵط, Ұһæ, ƾרĸħ, ʣµһЩ鹤ȫҰһ, ٶȿһЩҲùһ¡
ϰ˵㵽ʮǹʱ䣬Ȼʮ㵽Ϣʱ䣬ٿĹʱ䣬һ°࣬ô, ϶ûа취׼ʱ°, ʱϢʱҲСʱ̵һСʱԷ
Ұһͣ±, ̾һΪʲôжôļ
ΪΪ˭ƾþ, 任һ˵,  ս, ȻΧڣز֮ͻһս˰ɡ
ǸʱĹ϶ֻἱ࣬ڵͲá
ưļ̣׼æµʱҸ̫æʱһˡ
ȥʱ򿴿ûҪĿԹɻġƶҰһ˵ЩʲôľʱȲùˣÿ˶СҰڵĹʲôĻ϶̫ס
Կɣڿɲ̫ҡ
ӢۣӦûδҡƽӹƹµϷҲǲУеʱȽᣬҲǿԣֻҪó鹤ͿԣսԷһ¡
Һֻʶһūư
ǸУ̫ͷˣ϶Ӱࡣֱӷ飬ֵ²кܶӦûкܺõġ
Ұһ۾ѵһֱڿ𣿡
ƺ̹Ȼ԰ȥɲŵôС
ҰһôȻ̬ȸ˵ˣ׷£ӵĳ׵׵ħ򿪾ᵲһ佻񣬵˵֮ſһǵĶԻ첻֪ʲôء
ûԶ𣿡
ǹҲϰʱİ
˵ϵ飬ûģֻ˵ʲôĶѡһҪѶ˽ħ죬Ұһڽ˶ݵϢֿʼͷ
ħǳ˷ǽŵع
һֱӰൽ˰˵㣬ĹŸһ䡣
Ұһ˸ȥȻˡ
ÿĳͷǲٵģ̼Сʱ͹ȥˣе·һᴩͳһİɫԡ£ȽϴС
ΪҰһѾͷŵ龪ȵĿҰһֹˡ
λֵܣ㲻Ѿͷ𣿡
Ƿڸÿ춼ġҰһһ£Ӧһֱء
Ǹ磬ܷڸ𣿡һڸҲиͷһߵҰһ䡣
Ȼܣ㣬ҪˣɷҰһʱžͻһЦٶ̾ΪֹҰҪʼŶ
ˡ
ԶһᣬŴŹ˷Ӱࡣ
ҰһѾ˺ܶļµļҲԴԴϵ͵ϣùƽͷö
Ұһ֮ǰȥʱŪЩ۶ӡ
ڹֻϣҰһʱȥܹؼæְԱϲܲϲ鹤ʵ̫ˣǰãֲҲЩֻܵ˰æ
°ټ̷ʱ䣬ҰһʱѾҪҹˡ
λ˸طǾ⸽ԶһڣҲΪ罻ӶɵһССսսֻ֮ѿԻõˣʬ岢ûж
Ұһûҵŵģڽʬһ֮ǰһص㡣
ڷսĵطҪö࣬ģҰһܿʰɾʬȫװᡣ
Ұһȥսʱ䳤ˣȻʹ˳ȥ
ֻʲô
סս˶˵һʬ֣ÿζʬԵһɶֻһѪǸǳ׼֡
һʼĴģڶഫͱһ˵֣ϲĥ֮ٳԵʬ壬μսĲȫԵˣͷʣ
ûãžʹ˾ЩĶ棬פھūĶ档
ôǿ𣿡ūưʱ俪ʼ׼ӣĻûʲôȥעĴ֣ţԹ֪֮
˵ǰǰֵĴ˵Ѿôˡţſ֣Ȼһ塣
ʮ
ţҡͷ
٣
ţҡͷ
ǧūư˵ֵʱԼţȴţͷ
³Եǧˣθŵ𣿡ūư¿סˣ̽鵽𣿡
ϲս֣Եڴ̵ʿȻȫԵţһֱڹضûūǹض֯ôǿĻǲ֣֯϶ūõġ
һ˵һط֯ڳΪͷ֮Ͼ͵˱Сְֵʱ们ưæŻЩ飬ѾвֿʼֻˣưһҪС
ụ̂
ڴ򣬲֪ʲôʱܴꡣţʹˣڸʱǵٶ֮ǰͿԵ
ȥǱ߿һɣһûȥءư۾̸˳һڣҵľˮλǺܺõġ
ˮҲ̣ȻҲдһȥ鿴츳ܣģʵԶԶǿֲŻƳڱǿܶ֡ˡ
ūưһȥţ֪ͨԱбҪҪ֧Ԯūư
ҰһͬһѾսսǲȻмŵġ
һʼ̫С֯ͻ˰ʬȽϷСFڿЩײģҪ˵ĻҲܹȥ
Ұһŵһ£һЪϢһᣬŽѾȥʬװ˾ᡣ
λǳ5000˵Ǹ𣿡ҲھӪУ֪࣬ڿʼ֮ǰǻڵĻ᲻Ǹ˵ֻ֣û뵽˵ǳ˵̨ʵβ˵Ļ
ūưҲǸνĳ˵֡
ǡе졣

ʲôõĻǿǸ˵ΣĺԼйһ֮ԵǸ
ǴӵǸ
ūưԼĺһأ˵ľ͹ȥˣҰһļԼǸ5000˵Ĵְɣû뵽Ȼ㣡
ҰһЩɻ󣬡˵ʲôô
Ϊֵµ˵һ5000˵Ĵ֣ǳ͹һû뵽Ȼ㣬㲻˵𣿡
5000˵֣ң
ūư˵ͷ
ʲôЦֲҵʳϡ


100 
Ұһû뵽ԼսΪȻȵ˳Ĵ֡
Ǻܶ, ԼǳԣҲֻǳʬѣôݱԼȥأ
˳ɻ, ȫһӡ
ǳ˵Ĵ־ͺãСǺµĲ, ҲŻ, ȻҶûа취ġ
Ҫгô˵ֵҲ֪ġҰһūưҲ, ɴҲæռʬ, Ұʬȫװ, ҪЩʬȫ͵ȥһ, , ЩʬȻӿġ
ڸ𣿡
ڿӷ㻹װҾȽϷ㣿Ұһʵūư룬ҲæˣҲš
ʵūưȽϺΪʲôҰһʬ壬ѵǱߵĳͷʬ
Ҳǣսô, Ǳ߿϶ҲΪ, ڲΪ˷ֹ, ˹һҲ޿ɺǡ
û뵽ͦġ
ūưūǹæţūưӰǵʱڵİ, û뵽֮ͼ鳤һڰʬ, ڡ
ǿֵ, ܹоֹʱǹǵ壬˲ԾĴ˸ս
̫ˡ
ȻϱȰҪܶ࣬ǵ׻죬˯ʱ򶼻̫ȣôĴսأ
ţĻͦ죬æūư֣ǰЩʬȫŽǸսʬеࡣ
ЩʿǾͿԭƽڵϵʬ壬ȻͻȻȫǸ棬ٶȱǿˡ

δ֪Ķǳ£ǿʱҰһЩƺЩ£صȥһ¡
ʲôЩֶǺˣǲú£һʬ崦˾ʹǳȥǲ˺ǵġ
ʿǿҰһЦʱͻȻͲˣܸЩǴ֡
ǵһκͳӣ֮ദǾЩ棬׽ŪЩ࣬ȴţūưֹˡ
ЩȻǹϵţūưಢûе⣬ֻҪ಻ǳల£ȻҲǺϲû¾Ͷ֡
లõġ
ֵİæҰһɨսٶҪܶ࣬컹ûѾȫ
ˣҪҪȥūһ˳ϴʲôģܸоȫѪζ
ҪūưջûʲôӦ衭ɳܵĶˡ
ڻȥĻе˷ѣȥūһȪ˳ڸʲôġ
Ұһֵĵͷ
ߣȪˡ
ūôֹһֿ֣ϣȻշɻȥ·֪ܲҪ˶٣ЩҲմ˹⣬ūư˱
Ȼվһ͸Ĳ֪ϣȻҹ
շ֮⣬ɲûǸǾȳں˵ô
̫ˡ
βˣΪʲôᱻ˵ǳǧ˵аأ
Ұһڰ·ϻ˼ƥ⼸ƥ˳ȥЩ໹ھʱҰһ⼸ƥ˻
𣿡ūưҰһëʣĺ涼ҪĳˣȻܹ
ţþˡ
ҰһǷƨǲˣֻ˵̫ǰʹö
ǰںûԱٻԼʵѾԶǵɱȣȻǿõġ
BUGҪҪʹߵԸĴôôǿͻ£ǸˣڻɹΪһ
ҰһûΪǿԻͷԣԼ£֮ҲûиıԼ̬
Ǳùһ㡣
ӣڼ潹ĵȴš
ūưȥһǧ˵Ĵֵ£ǳͲ˯ūư
ûöãūưţǾѾȫˣһģǸڴǾǵħ
컻Ӣ·̫֮ǰױϳŮӣҲһζ
ưˣû˰ɡ
ʲôǧ˵Ĵ֣Ұʬѻ֮ʬ壬æʬ֮һ
ӣˡҰһ΢΢ͷ
ɶСɮ鷳ȥ׼þƺ¾ƲˣҺҰݸȪһ¸顣һҰһļһõӣҰһĿһָۣȫѪζ
ʲôҲС
ⲻһĺ𡣡ҰһĪūưδҲ̫ˣûʲôرõĽ飬ȴĺʶܾһ
ŲͲ̫˹ϵôȥ͹ƹء
룬Լ͹˶ǻͱ˹ԸȥҰ󻹲ࡣ
Ұһһ
Ҫǻȥɡ
Ҫôˡūưװʲô¶ûҰһȥū鱾Ȫë˻˻ϴҰһܾ·ǽë
ūĺܿ죬ɶСɮļСֶžƺͲ˾͹ˣҰһӹūưľƣһûһڵĺȡ
ūưܶ࣬ҼʶҲ㣬֣ҲͦϲձҴܣҰһܻϲ˵ԲŻƲģһֱ˵ʲôصķ顣
ò˵ūưĥķǳ㣬ܺõİסҰһ̬ҰһȷǱ˵ձصķ
ڵķ鵽ǺδһģеûȻͦ˼ġ
һɲĵ˵ҪȤһЩ˵ϲǵϰ֮⣬ûʲôֻÿڴڵʱҲΪںвٶģԽԽ࣬˷ż٣ǾҪӰ࣬æʱˣûôྫɱġ
ڵҵҵĹлҪ˵
ɶСɮһֱϾƣ˵ľƺһһαװµģūưľеˣҰһȴ治ɫȫȵ
ҲԣϵĺҲ֪ΪƻΪȪŲűģҪūưѾô˵Ұһ϶ҪĶġ
˵ҰڵûнӦ׷ɡ
ûбҪ顣Ұһ۾׷ҵŮҲ٣ҲϲŮӣûбҪǡ
ϲ𣿡ūư̾һû뵽ϲ˵ĻӦҲвϲİɡ
ҰһҲ˵ͷ
ôûкøеģūư˹ʵ֪ûгñ㻹ÿġ
ҰһȾƵĶһ£»ˮǰ˲ӣѾƱһţͷë˲ϱҺÿȻǲٵġ
Ȼô˵ϲˣ


101 
Ұһ˫ūưЩƵĽɫĿһ, ūưһۿЩţʶһ±ӣתߡ
Ը˵ͲԸ˵, ΪʲôҪҰ
ҿûпšҰһӷһߵľԼ·һߣȻó˴ԡȪվ, ˲ϵˮ, ·, , Ҫصȥˡ
ʲôʱ򻹹
ϰ, ӰȽæ, һʲôʱܹҰһ, ûпǹ
Ĳ𣿡
ܻüǧ꣬Ҳ¡ҰһҪȥˣҪȥҲŶΪĻҪһ¡Ұһ˻֣ôūưǰʧ
ūưһҲû, һ·ʹӺԺȥˡ
ַ, ̻¶ʲôҲѿôǰϵ, ֻ¶һƬɫؼ
·ߵһ룬ͻȻͣ˽Ų, ţ, ˵Ժȥɻ, ǲҲ
Ϊʲôô˵
ղҰȥ룬ȷšūư⻬°ͣ˼ҵгҩӣҽ˻飬࣬ûа취һȥԸҩʲôġ
û˵ڵӣһ
ӣĵû£Ժ϶õģԼһҰѾԼȥˣԼûŵʱ򡭡
ȻһжҪѯӣҽԺ
ӣԸĻǲԸԼϲġ
Ұһصħ
ūܹ軻·ͲϴˣڴһᣬȻаСʱ˵ʱ˴ϴͷȥʳá
һ۾ʳҵ˹ƣƵĶԼԵЩˣԼƻԼ˻֡
Ǹҵ𣿡
ţ԰ɣҪҪˡƼƵĳԷҰһһߵĸɾӣҲ
˵ƳһڣҰһԼһݣūȪˣǲϲħ𣿡
ô֪
㱻ɳȥҿ϶Ҫġưѹ˽˵ޱȻ˵ȥūҵҲûбҪ̶ȡ
ʵȽҰһرܵǸ⡣
νҰһ뻹ʱڵʱ㹻Ұһѡˡ
ǻôץ˻ĺġ
أôŲģȽϺúưɡ
ղǲ˵ˡ
̹Ȼ޾壬ûоԼ˵ʲôԡ
һʣȷǾúʲôڵ֪ȷֺ͵ġ
ҰһʼѰ˼֮ҪҪȥЩƶĴһΪ̫Ա;ࡣ
Ҳԡ
Ұһ㱾Լʲô
Ұһȥʱ˼Լǲʲôֻϧڤ˼룬û뵽Լʲô
ûд̵ģЩǺʶıܿսԣǱҪȻǾԲ̵ġ
Ȼǲ򣬵ɣҰһҲɣԾͰūư˵ģձ
ūư˵Щ˵ĺܺ棬˵Լȥһ¸һЩõʬȷ൱ɡ
Ϊÿζϳԭ򣬾棬Ҳû˻š
ҰһЩˬ
ȥҹƵȥˡ
ȥϻħĹͲҪȥæͲø˵ֻҪ޼Щ˵һԼϲŻͿˡ
ƺǺܸˣջͬˡ
۾ҰһϻʱҪķһˢļ첻ħƵĹͻܶ࣬϶йϵϣֻԼӰ
Ұһ֪ѾǹѵõòˣǳˬľʹӦˣȫûּۻۡ
Ҳ⣬Ȼ΢ˣһϢʱԼĿĻǷǳġ
Ȼǣƻеġ
ô
͵ҲɣԵֱڱˡ
Ұһ֪Ƶ˼Լ԰ȥԼ࣬ڸ£Ѿš
ħ֪ͬҰһȥҲûзԣֻҰһҪ̫ݣǵɹ
ҰһڴӦ
ϳûҰһ˳൱Ĵ֣쵽Լ˳ȥ
ҪΪҰһ֮ǰսȳȥǼ˰Ұһϳˡ
ǵʲôֵʱ˿϶ǸˣΧ˸Ͳ˵ĻֻǾǱֹƻں
ܹսϻŻʵ˲˵°ͣΪ˹꣬ҸʿߺаǶȻһ£Ƿ˺ô󾢲֤ԼͲǹȻҰһֳʱˢһŽЩ˵
ҲвΪ˵˹Ѱ
Ұһȵƶջǹүȫһͬʣй˲е˼Ҫ£͸ɴ໻ط
˲ٵطÿطʱ䳤̲һ˹鷳֮⣬ҲΪ̫ʱһطȽϷȥһǴ
Ұһջ˸طͱ
ЩűһЩͨ˻Ҫ˵̵ϴ̹ҵˡ
Ұһˣ˵̹ҵĸһ²
ҰһȻӦȻԼҩȥǼ̹ҡ
̹ڵĵǿǸ̹ǱȽģʱ򻹹Ұһ˵˼仰뿪ӲôҰһֻǾһͨҽ
Ͼ˵Ǹħ֮˲ô˶ҽβã˵ĹֵҽҲ£ǻǮѡ
ŮҰһȥ˺ԺҰһһʼΪŮסԺģû뵽ŮȻȥƫԺһķһλصŮڴϣ߹һŵСкĶͷɫĻ̥ǣͷЩȻſڵֻ̧ͷһۣһۣȴԼûľ
ԵһУ˶ߵĹǼܣֻÿ˵ĹǼܶͬҲǿֱ˵ġӴ˲࣬Ծĸ׶֪˲ͬ
ˡΪʲôĹͷòһأ
̹Եһɻ


102 
Եһ, 㵽ڴϵĲԵһ֣Եһһ㣬Եһջ, ĸ׵Ĵߡ
Ǹ屧ûа취վӭݱݱЩǸ, ȻҰһ, ȴɶҰһ, Ұһеҩŵ, ߹, ǲ, ⡣
Եһһֱĸǣ, ȴһֱҰһϣĸףҲûܽлע
Ǿ鷳ˡݱݱ֣֪ҪôΪأ
ѾЩˣԵһʤ֮ͽ, һʼֻΪЩ, û뵽ԽԽأȻչ˺, Ҫ˲֧ߵĳ̶ȡ
Щҽǹ֮Ҳ鲻ʲôë, ֻǸڴϢ, ûΣ, ֻĻĲΪʲôԽԽأ
ֻݱݱ˲Լ壬ԵһûԼıӻᱻ̹ʤǰ͵ȥ
ôСôȥأ
Ҳ鿴һ壬Ļ˩ҲǿԵġ
Ը𣿡
ǿԵģҪȷҪ塣Ұһ֮ǰ˵Ϊвٷ˺ǽİӴǵֻͷڿʼ֮ǰҪѯǵ
Ұһٹ˿Լûй󸾻ܾԼĴ
ҪԼôһη£Ͼÿ˭ϲķˣԼֻһСҽ¶Ҳᰭ¡
뷨˲٣Ұһƽʱһֱֹ棬ʱĹŮǱڵķҪŶˣֱӶԼ˵ҪҪԡ
Ǹʱƽ籼ţһͬʱŮ˵żʣһŮ˺ͼ˽ҲΪѻ
ΪǸʱķģֻҪ㹻㣬ô׷ģͬʱֹϵҲȫû⣬˵л
һЩŮǻ󰮣ҰһһûдӦ֪ΪʲôԼϲŮ˵Ļô˵ȻлزɵĹǹҰһ˵ǲǸ֮Ļ
սʱŮӷ˲٣ϲĶŤŤĲҳϣЩĹŮҲֻ͵͵ġ
ȻݱݱǲЩġ
Щ߰ĻȫûȤڼ̹֮Ͱȵ˼̹ҵĸһ˫̥
ƽôԼӸˡ
ֳʤǸͨĴϻ۵ĺӣСΪϴŵ̥ǣɷΪħԲֱԼƴţò׵˸ʮʱȥҵĻ̣ԼСѾҲΪˣݱݱڼ̹ҵĵλֱ½ݰᵽƫԺԶ˼̹ҵļ
οǣ̹ʤûзԼԼҲҽûκãҲִŵš
ԼҽΪԼļ壬ԼýΪ˸֮¡
ֻǿԼĺӡ
˿ˣñܻЩܹκǾõˡ
Ҿʧˡ
Ұһǰݱݱ˵ͷָϸϸĸţݱݱ˵ȴ˺þãҰһɿ֣˵һʧˣһݱݱ˵ͷһְֻݱݱ˺󾱴ͷͲӽ紦ĳһ㣬İȥ
һ飬ӲѾõ徹ȻѵõһֱӴͷᵽţҪ
ʲôŮСѩҪֹҰһݱݱȴסĶҪţλҽպܺáݱݱ۾ҵ˺ܶࡣ
ñ˲ͿԴӴܿ죬Ǳˮ̹ůоʧϣֿʼ
泤һѹȵ񾭡Ұһ͵˹Ŵ˲֪ʲôֻֽһ£泤˸һԭӦó顣
ô˵ԵһȻҲ˵ͷ
ʵҲԿĸ׵һСڳ˵ĵطֻͲ֪⾿ʲôҲ֪ĸ׵Ĳ֢Ϊһ⡣
ǣôأôҽȴֻҰһһ˵ԭ
ȡԵһҰһǰ濪ڡ
һ˵ֻҰһݱݱ˺СѩŵŦͷݱݱ˿һԵһԵһղ˵𣿡
Եһͷҡ
̫ˣ̫ˡݱݱ˶Եһ֣Եһһ£Ǳ˹ȥ
֪ΪʲôͻȻĸӸģҰһһû˵ŮСѩҲһ˵Ҫ޳ı顣
ΪԵһĺͻȻ˵ԭ򣬿ûⰡΪʲôͻȻ˵һ仰λϲ
ݱݱԵһһᣬĨᡣǸЦˣܰԵһһӴӸճʼûп޹˵һֱΪûа취˵ղžȻղžȻ˵ˡ
ǡԵһ𣿹𣿡Եһĸ׵ĻߵҰһǰԼм顣
ҰһһûпëڷԵһʼֱԶͬˣ˵ʶ˵⡣
ΪʲôԸ˵أҰһʵӦòǲɡ
ΪʹҶһԵһʣ֮⡭ȫǹͷֻһ
ȫǹͷҰһҲһ£ˡǹͷ
ѵ˵Կڲ𣿡
Եһ˵ͷ
ҰһָһԱݱݱ˵ķβԵһܹʲôԵһֽʣֽϻһȻЩɵܿǷεͼΣҰһЩ̫ţָθԵһȫ˳
ҰһˣˣĶӷǳ㡣
ʵͦ͸۸ͽܵģ۾ȥҽֱ̫ϧˡ
ڷԵһ쳣֮ҰһʵҲܹ³ΪʲôԵһ᲻ӵԭ
Ϊ̫㣬޷ܣǸ̥
ݱݱ˵û˵ղǵһ˵˵ôĻš
Ųʲôġ
ֻҪһᡣ
ǺȴȷԼƹϤҽȻҪҪӣҪ֪ڰʦɾһӵ飬ݱݱҲ֪᲻ͬ⡣
㱻ˣݱݱҲǼ̹ҵŮˣԵһҲǼ̹ҵСү
̫ˡݱݱҪƵģԵһϽܹȥӸݱݱ˲һ۽ǵˮȻͷĻ
ֻݱݱ˻ԼĹǣϾԼĴʤڱɷѵţΪδļ̳˶žӢ
ƽԵһӴԼֳɷ֪Եһ㣬ʤǲǻᱻӰ쵽أ
Ұҽʡҵ廹о𣿡
Ұһ϶˸ղԵһĻҪǸڳֻǿӲܾˡ
ǿأ
ҰһԵһĺʾһ£ǿڿ׵λϣвͺݱݱ˳̱Ҳվ


103 
ʵҰһ˵, Ƕ˵֮裬žð亹
ղҰҽܹݱݱ˺תѾ˵ʵ, Ͽ¡ôΣյĵطӣҲ롣
ǿԸε, ԸðյĻҿʹʱѹһ, ֻǵȵҲѹƲסĵطʱ, ǻġ
ĵķĻ, һܹأݱݱ˳˼, ʵ, ֻûа취Եһʮꡣ
ʮꣿʮʲô𣿡
Եһͷϵİ̺, ҵɷΪԵһǸħոճʱƴֹԵһѾˡ
ÿݱݱµʱ򶼻ѹȻֹɷԵһȴԼ˵Եһʮʱ͵棬ҵС
̫˷ˡҰһһ⻰ԼͽϷ, Եһַǳʺϵҽ, ǿԳΪҽĻͨ˸ӳɫ°빦ִϻ, ԺһԳΪԽҵҽ
ݱݱ˲ɷϵġĶˡ
ȥ浱һУǳΪһҽһЩɡ
Եһ, Ը𣿡
Ҳ뿪ĸס
ûйϵ, ҵһֱЧܹñڳ˼Ҫõ, ȵԵһûйϵԵһвܵˣһҪ
ȻħʱһҪȥͽƵͬ˵һǺúõһ£ԵһҪʱݱ˸Լһ£ԼϽȥˣʡñ˸غ
Եһ͸Ұҽѧϰҽ𣿡
ԵһһҰһҰһ΢Цڻǵͷ
á
ҰһοЦ
ҰһݱݱһƳ̵룬Ÿǣ֪ԼһܹһΣͬʱ̵Եһ֮뿪
ݱݱ˲ûаԵһҰѧϰҽ߼̹ʤֻǸҽҽܺãҪÿܹһθԼƣ̹ڿݱݱѾ֮ǳˬľ͵ͷͬ⡣
ȵݱݱ˸ǵʱ򣬼̹ʤֽסݱݱˣʤҪʼϰˣעⲻҪȥʤԵһʤһˡ
ݱݱһӵĻҪȴԸıһоΪ
Ϊһ֮ļ̹ʤһԼΪΣⲻΪıĶӣǶΪ̳˵ļ̹ʤҲȫкɫƽѯѵ֮ʼ̹ʤ顣
ãԼ̹ʤԸԵһֱʤҪֱӽ˵ĵλԵһΪ̳ˣʤᱻ͵ȥ
ֱ⣬ݱݱʱҲЩ֪ôźãϣԼУϣԼĺİ·
Եһ˸õĳ·ǲǲôأ
ݱݱ˴뿪صƫԺǼ䲢ķ䣬淢Եһ֪ΪʲôͻȻˣݱݱЩżæĴѰԵһȴԺںԵһ˵ʤ
ʤڿĸ׵һ˲¶˲õЦֱܹȥ˵ĻμʦĽ̵侲ߵݱݱߣԼССסݱݱˣ
ĸףԵһ𣿡۾ģƺݱݱ˵ĿеõһЩĻش𣬱˵⿴ģǵԵһġ
Եһûиʤǹɵվһ
ĺѽ
ԵһýŻŵϵʯӣ˵뵽ĸ˵Ұҽѧϰ鲻ܸ˵ҲС
Ұһص˵
ڻħ֮ǰȥһ˽ơ
ڽƻû°࣬ݱҲڣΪԵһѰݱİģݱԲ˵ڣڱʱͲǰ׼
ǸɰĺѽݱῴԵһĻһ˱ǣҼסˣʱ֪ͨģôҪĺ𣿡
ҵĵӣܣˣȻҲģǸúӣΪԷǱ߹ˣһҪǰ׼С
ǹ֪𣿡
ոͽܶѡ
ͽܲ൱ڶ⺢ӻôСִСȱٸ˵ԺĵԼĸŶ㸸׵Ļôйأأְְ֣
벻Ҫ˵ˣҰһݱԽ˵Խ죬æϵ
ǵģãҲһ
Ȼһɫ//Ů/ʦ毺ò׷Ҳʤݱһֱûҵˡ
ԺƻҸʲôģȻڻû
Ұһ͹֮ʵĸ߲涼ţһЩϵȽϺõ䶼֪ôһ㡣
˵ϲɴ䴦ĹƾȻô̵ˮܣڶûиʲôġ
̫ѷˡ
ǵȻҪֱӳ
ȥݱߴ˸֪ܲܳɣ˵ĻһҪż٣
ѾѾܾûϢˣеࡣ
Ұһ뿪ʱЩŲ·˼ӽ뿪ʱװ˹ݽļĹƣư˷粻Ұһһ
ڳһַֻסҰһݱ״һЦպ˵ء
ţ˵ʲôƵҰһվˣɿôˣôûұ
Ϊаݱ˵飬ԾȹˡҰһ쿴ؾǲҿƣֿڿϷݱᣬѰ˼ݱ˵ʲôҰһų
ȻȥɣһȥԷ
õģˡ
Ұһ⣬ϽŹƸղŸĶߣƼҰһŲˣŤͷļݱᡣ
ղŸһ˵ʲôˣ
˵˸ͽܵĺӣעŵʱȥץҲûʲôݱЦЩ΢ˣһһ£ͽܵĻӦýʲô
Ȥ˵ʲô
һһ߲Ҫ˵ôƯİײôˡݱҡͷӹƵļ˷ȥҰԷȥɣأֻԹˡ
벻Ҫ˵ֻֻҪԸ⣬һкܶźġ
2Ȼô˵ʵĺٰ鲻żҪáݱƺ뵽ʲôסǹƴ˵ĻҲǲܿǡ
ˡƴݱĻûиݱĻᣬŤͷߣǰ˸񣬵ʲô
ôһӦݱ᳤̾һ


104 
ͽ±Ը, ˵ˣҰһ˵ҲǵĶյҽ
, ֮Ҳǻ˵ģһ㶼Ƚǿ, ٻ, ֮, Ҳò, ڵȥ⼸, Ҫ, ںòܳȥһ, ħ͹ǿ϶ֹġ
ȻҲǺͬ
ͽܺʦһʼʱ϶ǳϦദħҰһںԵһϦദʱ治Ϣ͸¶飬ƾͱȽϵˣiĲϣҰһ֪ĺӹϵôܡ
Ҫ֪ԼûأСֱӿԽһʼǴѿԽϣҰһߣôùƲ⡣
, ǲֹҰһյԼ¡
ǹ, ˽˽԰, ǲԼ˽뵽ġ
ûнҰһ˵ʲôܿ͵ͷͬ⡣
ǾһСӸûʲôս
ʳõĲƹˡѾ˽ϵĲ, ȥĻܿͱˡ
ҽʱѾе, ᲻Ѿûˣ
аʳϵʱ˷ݵķ, õġ
ҰһȥԷȻѾ˳׼һȥûзǵˡ
һ£ʳǲûʳ﹩Ӧģ䶼൹ƶȣÿʱÿ̶жӶԷֻǷ˾µĳ̶ȲͬգȻǲҰһͳһĹ͵ģǰͰ˳ʵġ
ȻҰһǲ֪ġ
ƹ˰þûгԵˣǰŶʱͺϲˣȻеˬġҰһ˵ԼԵĲˣ
ձߵƹǱߵЩ̫һǸϲƹǱĸоڵôãԵĶʽʳȽƫ嵭Ǻˬ죬ĩζȫȥ
Ƶû뵽嵭ζҰһȻôҰϲƽҰһʳóԷҲȫûζĲˡ
һΪĿζȽ嵭
ðɣʵôֺܳϲζĥԼ͵ĸоҰһЩ˼ÿγ궼Ҫü죬΢е鷳ͲôˣĩȫУ
ֱͷζȫܱȵģÿǿԼĩʱ򣬶Ϊĩڴ̼ιȥö֮ҰһͶԽĩԶ֮˾ʱҲñĶ档
Ƶ֪ҰһԽĩû뵽ΪԺ˵ġ
΢еһ仹ûԷʱ䣬ʳ˾ֻСèֻʳ䵹ǲô֣ϾƾӰ࣬ȽĻҲûУǳĸóʳ
ûҰһڴĶ΢һζģֻһཷ˿ƲʲôζǰĲɫҲȫûģԱҰһûˡ
ⲻǺܺٻһһζ
Ұһһ߳ԣһʹƣȥʦ˵ѧйˣͬ𣿡
Ӧûɡ
ʳùĻŮԣ͵ŮԶϲҰһˣֻҪҰһȥǱ߿϶ͬˡҲڴҰһգҰһҲֻڸʱŸʳý֮ҰһҲû¹ˣ˵˵ΪеۣȻʳΪʲôҪԼ֡
Ȼƾͱ˵ˡ
ҲҲ൱ÿӰ࣬еϢʱȫȥĽˣûôȥҪƻʳȥҵ֣϶ǲڶӡ
֡ǲ̫ܵġ
Ұһȥҳʦѧϰյ뷨Ҳô뷨Ȳ˵ȰǸʲôŶѧһ£Ժ˰˹ȥƺҲͦġ
ưҳʦѧỴ̂ʲôʱԳѧһ£ȻҰһƹ
˷֮ƻҪӰ࣬ҰһȻҪһӰģһʼ˵ˣȥڣѾ͹һ֪˶ٰࡣ
ʵҲΪʲôƹô࣬߶ˣΪʲôƵĹȫûбٹѵΪǸٵĹϵ
డ
쳣ɵħлҪ˵
ȷǱˣҪеҲûǰˣǰʱһ㣬絽һ£ȻƻԼһЩȽϽȻҰһٰһЩ̫Ҫ齻ҰһԴﵽӰĿġ
Ұһ첻ڵҲڵǸʲôԹƵС̵ڻûб¶ħҲ֪òΪˡ
һֱĸˣħҲˣҰһҲˣҲǽԴϲ
ΪҰһʱһֱڹƵķһӰ࣬ƸɴһЩ߰鼮ʰ˱ķ䣬Ȼúڲһµηķ棬λþҰһרλã˵ӿŴһȫ֡
Ȼȴ÷ǳ⡣
ҰһǿķӰӵҹͿ˳Ұһʱ˾ֱķϢҰһԼķڸڵһȣԼ·̾ԲһӣȻҲûʲô壬еʱʵǼӰˣͻֱڹƵķ˯£ڶ뿪
ڹƵǱĬ£Ұһϲ·ôһ˹Ƶ³Ƶ涼ҰһϴƷ
ع
ϰԼгûΌܵʱԼѾɹһ롣
ٹһʱ䣬ͿԽһˡ
ͷѾһļΪЩļݶȻĵĹϵٶҪҰһܶ࣬ŵİ˸ߵļܿȥһ롣
鷳Ұһһ֮̾ƽҲ̫ˡ
ãⶼΪ˵ȶ˵ʲôġ
ҰһҪƼӰ֮⣬Ҫ޼Ҫļθÿ춨ʱƣȻɹƸҰһ
һʼ޼θôֵģڰĽ»Ȼÿιļʱ򣬻Ҫ˵һϴͰˣиʵĻ
Ҳ̹ȻӦ
ưԭԼЩļҰһȰԼĹɣҰһѾȫʱѾҪ賿ˣϵļвƺһ㣬Ұһһ룬˸Ƿļ
˾ȥ˯ɣʣôܿŪˡͣ±ʣӸûа취湤
ʵûаʲôæҰһǿѹסļУ˵Ҫġ
ԼգԼ΢Щֵ̨ƵĹ⣬ͷ
ΣֻҰһҰһдֵٶԽԽֱͷӣǰ˯ˡ
̾һصҰһǰ̨ƣŵӣ쵽Ұһͺ󱳣һͽҰһ
Ұһ˶ûѹƣ˼һ֮󣬻ǰҰһԼı档
ⲻ˭ֻı̯ˡ


105 
Ұһʱ, ѾȥϰˣֻϸҰһµ緹ֽ
Ѿֻúﲻ̫Ծӡ
˯λò̫ԣ
Լ˯Ǻںɫ, ǹһֱڸǵǸҰһıɫ, ˵˽Ʒɫͬ, ƽҲǳ, ҲûŪ
Լϡ
ǹƿ϶˯Լı棡
һ߾, һ߰ѹƵı, Ž˷űӵĳ
ԼıѾðĴ, ѹƵıѹ˽ȥ, ˳š
ϵ緹СͰ࣬ڱº棬һȣӦв̵ʱ䣬˸ȷȥԼϴ, ͺ͸ճ¯һȡ
緹׼뿪ʱ, ѾҪʮһ㡣
ʰö, ǰȥʳô緹׼ʱԣѡһЩʺСӿȥ˼̹ҡ
˵һȥһ, ǰһЩɵԵһҲǺõ, ٵȿԿʼѧϰʱ򲻻ΪʶֶҪͷʼѧϰ
ϢĽԵһķ, ķסԼĸףҰһΪ˱ӣҲֱӹȥֻȷסȵһܺԼȥʱٰЩԵһ
е֮ҰһͳԼЩ飬ʱ鼮ǷǳĶֻйʿŻôһ顣ֻǮ˵Ķ̹ȻҲеģֻȨֲӵԵһ
ֻݱݱ˻Ͼʱ̵Եһʶ֣ڱĿʶĴҰũ
ԵһʤһģԵһ̹ʤ˵ǽܾӢһڷԶʴˣĿ϶ǲܺʤȡ
ǳлЩݱݱ˷ǳмҰһЩ飬ڼʵҲԼĲ飬ֻЩ鲢ʺϻ׵ԵһۿʺɡҰһЩÿֲԵһʱĿȱ
ԵһڻСأ϶½ѧ˵дԺҽ̵ʱҲ᷽ࡣ
ݱݱףܹͳԼѹ׵һոµͽܣѾǷǳҪıˡ
λǳϲԵһŻóôݱݱв飬ҲΪкܶŻЩҪԡ
ǰʱ仹ڵҰһ⣬ڿЩʱҲûˡ
ʵԵһԼĸݱݱ˵Ľ̵֮ѾʶһЩ֣ʮִϻۣСҪѧܾõܿͻѧᣬֻǿûʺϵ鱾Բûа취һж
ڵ鼮ʵ㲻ʲôֻǳѵöѣҰһֽʱõֽҪõö࣬װ־һѵõļֵǵı
Եһż飬գ۾Сĵл֮ŷ
ǵ׶԰飬СϲõģԼҲԿԵһڿҳ֮˸ܹ̫ĵط飬ٶȣ֪˻Ϊֻڷ棬Ұһãһ󼰵ٶѧϰµ֪ʶ
Եһôö೤ʱͿĿʼѧϰҽˡ
ھͿʼѧϰĻ᲻̫С
ԵһɣԵһֺܺã΢һЩҲ̫࣬δʱ仹кܳõ̫ࡣ
ˣҲѧϰ
ҰһǷǳģݱݱ˵ҰһⷬڸһŶ
ǳҽᱣԵһ
ݱݱ˾ͻĵİԵһ
Ϊݱݱʵǲ֪ԼϻʲôֵñƵģԼˣ̹ʤǱҲԲ׵ϵԼǾûκϣġ
Ұһ̾˿
ڵսңԵһȥĻױսС
ħ֯ųձɽΪɮҲһ˵ڵɮΪʿϳ̣һԵһսôӣ϶սϵġ
ݱݱһģҰһĳ֣ݱݱһѡ񣬾ǳΪҽ
ҽǲսģֻҪ㿪սҵĵͿԱסԼ
ϣĲֻ࣬ϣԵһԼ뿪̹ңȥΣգҲðԼүΪһͨ˻ȥͺá
Եһݱݱ˾ô̵ġ
ԵһıҲûʧ
ҰһϹݱݱ룬ԵһҲǴϿʼõµȥѧϰȵҪ뿪ʱԵһܿͿˣһʼǱ˹ҰһʦѾȫˡ
ô𣿡
ǶԵһַǳŵҰһԵһѾѧеֵʱЩȣ˵ݱݱˡ
ݱݱ˽̵Եһʱ򣬶һ켸ֵḶ̌ҲûоԵһѧϰٶжô졣
û뵽ԵһһֻܼסȫΪһֻ̼֣Ұһһнһٸ֣ԵһֻһʱľѾȫѧˡ
ٶȼֱÿݡ
ѾǱ̬ѧϰˡ
һ֣Ѿ㹻СѧϰһˣԵһֻҪһ졭
ѧϰٶѾǳš
ԵһҰһʵ˵ͷѾȫסˡ
㡣Ұһӹ飬һҳָ鵱еġʲô˼أ
֮ɵ顣Եһ˵Ҳһֳ˵
ǡաأ
ϵ̫
Ұһ˼ȷԵһȷȫס֮Щϲһ͵ͷ
Եһ
𣿡
ţܴŶ
ʵһҪԵһ˵ҽҲ÷ǳá
ԵһôõģԼֳ˶ҪֳԼҲãһԼ˵ֵĻ
ԼǲģֳȴΪЩ˶ȥЩ˴ܣԼŷݣԼ˫ѧϰԼ
ҿ԰翴𣿡
ȻԣְֵַĻ
ʵԵһûжԸ׵ĸҲûֹΨһһΣҲֻǹĸףûжԼйɫʱ򣬸ǰԼ·ߵʯͷȫԼ¡
Ұһʶõİ˶Լã˵е˸׵Ľɫ
ȷԵһ뷨Ͼ۾һﰮӴˣ˸֮⣬ֻʣҰһ
ҰһϲСӣǹɴĺӣСԵһͶ˷ǳľԵһܵûбġ
ԵһԼʦҰԼĸһȫС
ѡ׵ĻһѡҰԼĸס


106 
Եһϻ۵ѧÿһλʦҪӵеġ
, һʲôҲֱʳ
ֻķʽܡ̫˽ܡ
ΪʱЩڹֱ, ҰһżЩͷۣ˵ʵǲί, ҰһȽ˽, ܾҪΪһ˼ˡ
Ϊһ̹Եһݱݱ, Ұһ֮ͲôȥرԶĵطˡҪĵĺӺͳεĲ, Ҳûа취ſֽŵܡ
ݱݱ˺ԵһȻǲ֪ҰһΪ˸βŻ, ΪҰһֻǰҰᵽ߲Żᱻ̹ʤ
Ǽ֪, ҰһҲ˵
鱾Ͳ˶֪, ҲҪݱݱ˷ǾԼΪǸ˶٣жʲôģֻҪܹռȶһͿˡ
ݱݱ˵ĲҰһֶҲˣԭлָĻģᣬѡԼĶиȥ
Ұһûа취Ϊ, ȴľ, ľĶԴԵһԼĺһ۰š
ʦ, 㿴ԵһҰһһԺӵʱ򣬴ԼͳһСƴĵ, ֲ, 氼͹ƽ, Ŀ׶ǴСһģԾһġ
ԵһպܲġҰһϰԵĿ佱һ˺ܳʱɡ
ǵģǸ͸ҵġԵһϧĸֻµĵӣ˵ֻҪҴӣﶼϹҡ
Ұһ˵⻰һ£漴Ц˳ȻǸĶǾҪúõıֳİѽ
ôֵܣҰһҲԼԶδֳ
ȥô꣬ԼԼòǲˣֻǵһ˷ǳ൫ǶԼȴǳˡ
Լĸĸ游Ȼ谮ԼȴΪæĹԼԼ𾴵ʦҲҪԼ˿10ĸ練ͯռ˾󲿷ʱǸˡ
ֵ˵ĹϵǳãˣԼֳҲɾԼǸСӣöԴСӵ̬ȶԴԼ
˾Щˣֵֻ֪֮ദʽΪ˼ʲôѡԶ룬Ż
ҲϲֳˡԵһѵõЦֳ˵ҪΪձһʿôҾҪΪձڶʿ
ԵһҪѧϰ𣿡ҰһͻȻ£ΪʿĶӣԵһӦҲҪʼѧϰ˰ɡ
ҰһҲǻὣģֻóֻĽУЩСʱʦ̵ģҵԼսķʽҲûˣֱ̿ʮɣѧϰ˻ֲ֮¼˽
ȻǲڼΪʦģв˽ԶԼǿö࣬һСʦǴ´࣬ҰһŻ顣
ѧϰ˽֮ҾͿԳΪձڶʿ𣿡ԵһſҰһʵΪձڶʿ
Եһ֣ǳΪձһʿҲûġҰһЦ΢Լеİɡ
ҲΪձһֻΪձڶձһǸġԵһǳǿţˡ
Եһ˵⻰ʱǳ棬ȫѵ˼ʵΪģΪԼֳǸˡ
ֳԼ¡
ԵһСС棬ֻôˣԼĸףԼĸ磬Լʦ
ĸΪԼϽƣʦΪ˽̵ԼסƯĸ
ϣԼܹԼеĶǼΪܹǸˡ
ʦԼЩ»ܿģŬȥˣĸ׿Լ˵ԼЦҲܸˣŬĿ˵ҲѧϰôЦҪΪձһʿԼҪŬձڶʿ硣
ô򵥣ЩЦ
ûԵһĸҲǳ
ͱ뿪ѧϰκζԵһֳͬͬΪʤĺǽźȫ෴Ľ
δҪΪ̹ҵļģԴ¿ʼ̹ʢͿʼ̵γΪһļ
ͨʿҵĺҪѧϰĶѾǳ࣬˵δҪΪĺӣÿҪѧϰĶѾﵽһֺŵѧϰ˵д֮⣬Ҫ壬ѧϰѧϰ֮
ϾʿҵĺӲὣĻôܳƵʿأ
ͼ̹ԵһһʤֻǱԵһ˼ӣͬ˫ߵĵ·ȴȻͬ
һɾӢһѧϰ
ԭֻΪʱͷϵİ̺۱̹ʢɲ֮ס
ԵһԼĸ׺ҰһĽ̵֮⣬ѧϰκζҰһָҲ˽Ľеģ̹ʢ֪
֪ʤ͸֪ˡ
Ϊݱݱ˸˵Ըκ˵Ұһٽ̵飬ԵһԼĸ綼ûи߹ֱʤΪԵһʲôûѧ
ݱݱڼ̹ҲܵӣʤԼĸ˲Ҳ֪֪ÿܶһҽԼĸ׿Ϊ¾ãһжǺúõġ
ҲԹü̹ʤ
ÿ챻ָĽ̳ÿ𴲿ʼ˳Է˯ʱ䣬еʱ䶼ѧϰѧϰĻ֪ʶѧϰ壬ϻҪ̹ʢ飬ÿæòɿûоע⵽
ܹѾָԼĵܵѾʤķɣûоעϣȻҲûзԼܵܺԼĸ׵ĲԾ
ԵһԵһҰһ˵ԼʱʤĵĳϢʱܹˡ
Եһ÷ǳ˵ֻͷϵ̥ǡ
ϵͷ˳ԵһͷЩȻ˴ŵ·Ǵͬ
Եһŵ·ûһЩ˵·Ӻãʤϵ·Ȼģʱǳɫ·
ҰһʱЩ棬֪ΪʲôúܺÿĴԺԼûмԵһҲǳ׽ӡ
ֳˡԵһҰһѵѾ𣿿ȥŷ𣿡
Ȼԣλǡ
Ұҽԭ򲻷˵ֻ˵ϣʤȴע⵽ϺǸ
ҽԵһΪʲô˵ҿԽҽѽһô˵һȥԵһ·Ҫҵ˵ĺۼ
ԵһҲûʤ˸顣
ʤûԵһҵ˿ڣǳɻ󣬡ȻԵһûˣΪʲôҽأ
Ǽ̹һؾһ£˼̹ʤ֣ΪʤҪ̫⣬ҲҪݡ
ȻʤԼ׵ֵʱͲ׷ҰһˣŸ׻ҽй϶ԭԼΪӻǲҪ̫Ϊá
Եһû˵ĻǾ̫ˣȥŷݰɡʤóԼķԵһǰ˼£ҽŸõķݣӵ״㿴òÿ


107 
ʤһοҰһѾǰ֮ˡ
, ҰһζûгֹʤѾ˸˸ɾȫ˵Ĵڡ
ʱ, ʤпʱ䶼ѵ˵Ұһųݱݱ˺Եһ֮, ̹ʢ֪Լӿ, ʤ֪Լĸ, һֱ֪
ʣµĻ֪, Ӧþֻʣݱݱ˵ŮСѩ, ֻСѩһֱͦϵ, ûж˵˵¡
ʤѧҵӷæ, ȥԵһʱ䶼˺ܶࡣ
ڸģԼĵܵԼԼѧҵ
̹ʤʤĽ̵ǳϸֻǳССĲᱻǼ̹ʤͷҪŬòŲᱻ
ݱݱ˵壬Ҳʱ±, ûȽҽƼ, ܹݱݱ˻Ѿ漣ˡ
ݱݱϵѾɢѾǸ;ͿԽ, Լģݱݱ˺ͼ̹ʤͬ, ϾϿӵ¡
ս˵Ͽ˿Ӷ᲻СķȻ, ݱݱ˲һŮ, ûиɹػҲûùصĶһ˵֮Сô죬ûаѷԼ׼ҽ
һֲãɾ⽻⡣
ݱݱ˷ǳԼѾʱ޶࣬Ұҽտҽ״Ҳʼÿ£һʼԼվߣվվסֻСѩԼԵһԼ֧Լ·
ʤĵܵڶĸ
⡣
Ͼʲôеĵܵܡ
΢һҲûйϵ
ȻһźɫС˽ĸ׵ķ䣬ϹòŴĸ׵ķ
˴ŵ·ܹͨʸ񴩵İ·ļĹӡ
ȻͻСѾ֪˲ٹµʤͻȻ˸̫õԤС
˭ţ
ƺôһӡ󡭡ǰӦǼġ
Ұһ뿪ʱʤʵûס׷˳ȥ
Ȼ·ٶȳϵĿ죬ʤԼСȾȻûܸϣӰһ˶ҪЩŲڸ
ʤĸټʵǲУճţͱҰһˣֻǿʤûᡣ
ԵһϲֳҰһҲԵһĹϵʮΣȻ֪ԼʲôȴҲûзϡ
ʤүҰһûйܣǱݱݱ˵ŮСѩˣסʤʤôһ飬Ϣʱ䣬ȻͱҰһˡ
ղǸ˭ʤԼҲˣʵ
ѩĸ׷еŮ϶֪˵ģĸײϸԼǾȥŮ
û취ĸǱʳʲôҺŮ
ĸˣ
ǽȥĸ׷Ǹˣźɫ·úƯǲļҵĹӹ
Ұһòÿʤƶ뵽һ棬ֻΪҰһ̫ÿȽע⡣
˵ʲôأλүҽءСѩҪ˼롣
ҽ˭ģûмǴĻĸ׵岻Ǻܺ𣿡
ʤĸ׵֮ĽӴҲԵһĸ֮ôܣʤʵǲ֪ĸ׵˺ܴëģԵһĸ֧ĶΪ
Ǹ˿ġ
Сѩ׼ʤ˵Լӵ飬СѩֻĽڸܹȥ˲޴󰭣صġ
ĸ˲һҪȥСʤЩɣȴû֤֤ݣֻԼȥһ¡
Ұһߣݱݱ˵õʱ򣬻ܹվӭʤݱݱ˿Сѩôо
ʤôˣ
Сѩ˵ˣԹһʤ죬Ϊʲôûи˵أҲΪҽ
ҰҽģõġݱݱЦЦʤܹңѾܸˡ
ԵһĸˣΪʲôûиأ
Եһգգ۾û˵
ԼųʤЩˣԼҲĸ׵ĶӣΪʲôĸ֮ԼȻһ֪ġ
òװʤ뿪ˣݱݱųСεĳŶͷȻʤˡ
ʤүҲǵСѩοô͡˵СѩҲԵһ˹ȥĸͷݱݱ˰Եһ˵ĻԵһҪôأ
ĸײġ
һһؾݱݱ˿ĺܿҰҽڣҾͲõˡ
ǡ
ҹˣȥ˯ˡݱݱԵһһѣԵһȥ˯ɫŸոհԶҹĳ̶ȣݱݱ˹֧ġ
Եһҧ촽뿪ĸ׵ķ䡣
ԵһˣݱݱŷҰҽû˵Ҳ֪ѾҪֲȥˡ
ģǸˣ˳ꡣ
ⲻǺò˵⣬⣬ֻԵһʤֵɲҪΪ϶źá
ʤүô¡
Ǻ˼أȻû˵кܶģֻǲҵİˡ
֮ǰƺôһԤףݱݱ˾ͲԼδ
սƵΪʿļ̹ʤҲԵ뿪ңȥǰߣٲܵÿջ
ÿλݱݱ˶ƣȥ
μ̹ʤò׻˼죬ĸȥָһԼһΪĴӡ
λսϾþɳսʿ׾ٵľʹ˲žʤһ߿ŵԵһȴ׵Ĵ˴ʤĸ١
Եһȴ޶ԡ
õʱ򵽱˵ĸо˵Ҫֳһ𣬳ΪձһձڶʿʤҲǵá
ʤȴãԵһڳЦԼ
ԵһԼô࣡Դܸ٣Լȴٴú޻֮
˵ҪΪڶĽʿԼ
˷ŭ֮⣬ʤһ˿ֻš
֪Լڵ֪ԵһʵԼǿ֮󣬿϶ѡԼѡԵһôԼӵеһУڡ
ԵһԼĵܵܡ
ڵ֪֮󣬼̹ʤһԼûӹĶӡ
ʤԵһһģһΪ˳ӴĽһ˵ȫȻͬǴӲԼӵļ̹ʤֵܷ롣
˰봬
봬ĸ٣ҲһսɳսʿûԼȻԵһʮС¼̹ʤûΪʧܶͷԼȴҲǰ̧ͷ
СӴ̫ѷˡ
ԵһȻҲ˼̹ʤ
Ҫ̳м̹𣿡
ԵһǳɴҡͷҲҪҸʺϡ
Ҫǿʺϡ
ĵģ
ҲҪңֻҪҵĻͺˣ
ҲҪ
̸ʤȴĵĻֱܻԼķ䡣
ݱݱ˺ܿҲ֪£æԼ壬Ͻȥ˼̹ʤˣԵһʺϳΪѽ
㶮ʲô̹ȻҪǿģʤԵһǾͰԼλóˣҪ˵ˣȹʤԵһҪʮ˰ɣʱʤԵһȥ
ǡ
ûʲôǣԹԵľһм̹ʤ˰ǴߣȫǷĻᡣ
ŭĵݱݱֱӵزСѩ˸ϽȥҰһҰһûлصϽȥ˼̹Ҹݱݱȡ
ļʱܰݱݱȻݱݱ˻Եһȴ
ҰҽԵĻ⼸ʹԵһ߰ɡݱݱ˰ݣΪֵܳɳĻµðİ
ȷܵͷ
֪ûмͷˣܹ֮ǰʲôͺˡ
ֻһʼҰһ˵ȥ˵֮󣬲üͶ̥
˵⻰ʱﲻ̫ԣϽһ£ʲô󶼻ӦĹο𿴼̹ʤӣԺ˵Բùġ


108 
֮ǰиӦ, ݱݱʵǰԤԼҪˣֻǲ֪Լʲôʱѣ, ôһغ
Ұһ˻۾, ѰԵһӰ
Ϊݱݱ˵ͻȻε, ̹ʤûֱӶԵһȡǿԴʩ, Եһ뿪, ݱݱ˵
, ̹ʤӦòǿӲ
Եһ𣿡ݱݱʵ, ᡭү
Եһ˹, Ŭǰ̽ӣϣݱݱ˿ԿԼʲô𣿡
ȳȥѡݱݱ˻һ£ŶæӶ˵Ҳ˵ǾͲҪ
Ӷ, Ȼ뿪˷, غ⡣
ҰҽϣھʹԵһ뿪, һסݱݱ˽ץԵһ֣Ҳϣֵ֮İ·, ԵһֻһͨĺӾͺ, ȻҲݱ䵽ز
ԵһĴϻ۲Ĵ, ҪҲֻּ̹ˡ
̳˵ȻҪѡģûмôϲļҪһԸƵֵܸӲĲɢ
̹ʤûѡһһֵ֮Ҳز
ԵһԼҪĶʤȴԵһԼһС
Եһֲó͵ˣ֮塣
ὫԵһߵģǺԵһúõ˵˵ѡ
Ȼò˶ǻһμ棬м䣬ǻж೤һοհ
οݱݱȥ˵һˣ֮ǾԲصϵģ˼ܹ˵ϻعҲҪʮꡣ
ݱݱԥһ£ͬˣ׻᲻ãûа취ôԵһ뿪ҰһҲ뿪
ϻҪصӰ࣬ûʲôȥѾеˣȥʱƿ϶Ҫġ
Ұһܿʰ˶뿪˼̹ңߵıĶҪЩʤҰһıӰֿһݱݱڵķ䣬׷˳ȥ
ʤСȵڵĿ죬һ·С׷ȥ뿪̹֮׷Ұһ
ʱҰһһλ̴ӵϷλ̴ŷǳᣬϱŵĶҲƾɲȻĿǣ̵ȿյģȻѣֻʣΨһһȡ
ҪǷǰʤƻܹȥʿû£ʤڸҰһȻǲӲĵطȥģ
ô棬ҰһԼŵҩͳһëʣһߵʯͷϣȻóһͨ͸ȴĹӣ̵һ£Ȼͳһֻëʣֱ滭һ
ЩҰһʱµһīɫȻĻΪн̵ȸпˣȴûиоʹһĿϵȵĴ棬ԾԼҲ֪Ϊʲôۡ
ʤĿɿڴ
ʲôΪʲô̲ۣΪʲô˵ıīԱɵӻ̵ȡ
ȻȵĻں棬ֻҰһǸ˸ղпȵıʣڿлһȡ
˵һıûа취ڿºۼģҰһĶȻڿ±ʻһʼֻǼûʲôõԽʤԽĶЩ졣
ǲһ˵
ʤҰһ֮Ȼһʼûпʲôڿ֮ǶƾŻȻ
ǾȻһСȡ
ȸɿϸݣƤ壬Ȼ˵ġ
Ŀǰ˾ֻλȵˣԣҰһǸǸ˵ġ
ֻҰһͳһСĴָм仹Щ룬Ⱥ̸ղűĴڷһ
ڵõµ֮վȦʤۿҰһԸȣԲΪжǰһȡ
ܹ
λҽ
ʤү֪ʲôʱҰһȻ󣬡ôˣΪʲô棿
Ұҽʤһһȴײϣʲôʱģ
ղŷʱôΣգؼҰɡ
ʤҡҡͷˣҿԼȥġ
Щǰˣ˿º޺ڿ˵ֶεʱȴҲǳ¡
ҾͲˣ·Сģ̇ͷ
˳ȥס˴еһֻСѻ
Сѻϲһ֧ʸеһ˲ѾˣҰһպýӵֱӽѻϵ֧˳һߣԼֻѻκá
ʤΪҰһԽ˶֫ѾǷǳ𺳵ˣû뵽ҰһȻԽѾȥѻ
ֻѻ϶ǻ˵ģҲǽֻѾʧȥѻȻˣ
ĿҰһֻѻŷɣֻѻ³򣬸¸½˼ʧ˼˵߾ͷ
ҲˣүʱˣҲûؼȥȻ˺үˡҰһǣȻ㲻ҪȥҲͲˡ
ʤĵ˵ͷ
˷ֱ뿪ʤҲѾûҪ׷Ұһ˼ˣججĻصլԺ棬ǡ˱һߵԵһ
ڼԵһ֮ǰеעҰһϣڼԵһ֮֮ǰԼԵ顣
ҽǸĸβģĸ׵Եһǲ֪ҽأ
Եһʤһһ¡
Եһɵվԭصʤֳܹʲô𣿡
ҰҽΪʲôĸ׿
λҰһʧȥ֫»ָѾȥѻôǲǿҲأ
ܹ뵽ּҽĸ׿ĸ׾ǵʲôȻҪҰһ
ѵ˵Լĸ׵ĲѾﵽ˲ĵز
ʵʤµĺȷֻµЩˡ
ĸ׵岻Ǻܺá
㲻ҵĻҾֱȥĸףʤЩΪʲôȫңĸ׵Ĳжأ
ԼзĻȴûϧֱڲŲԡ
Լ̫ѷˣֲø׻Լûʸ̳м塣
ԵһҲ֪ԼӦӦøʤ˵ĸ飬ĸײ֪ʤϾԼĸ磬Ҳĸ׵Ķӡ
ԵһԥһСᣬȴʤΪԵһԼЩյ˦һӣȥݱݱ˵ſڡ
ĸףҡ
Щ˯ݱݱʤ֮ȻѣæСѩȥʤ ʤ𣿿
ʤһᣬŵȵĸףѵЬ߽ȥŸ㲵ĸףͻȻͻԼڹǲЩ֡
ĸס
ʤôˣ𣿡ݱݱʤҪúóԷܳ㸸ߴ佫
ĸףʲô
ûʲôֻСëѡݱݱ˴˸ûʲôµģõġ
𣿡
ѵĸ׻ƭ𣿡
˵⻰ʱ³ʹԼʵĶԼĺ˵Լ״ԼĶΪԼһЩǵ顣
Ӧõġ
һжӦá
Ǳ߼̹ʤյµϢ
˵Ǹҽ׹֮ܣ̹ʤǸ˵⻰ʱЩţܣһͨҽѡ
ܹˣѾˣֻɣˡ
Ҳô棬Ұһȫû¶һ˿Ծ̹ʤǸŵġ
λ̣ѾҴˡ˵ȥ
̹ʤһҲǲģȥһ¡
ǼٵҲνġ
̹ʤĲɵû
ĿԸĻԼͲ̳ˣȫԳϣԺΪҲǲС
Ұһ֪ԭԼǳεļ̹ʤȻҪԼ֣̹ʤ̹ʤڼʤı֮󣬼̹ʤ֪˵Ķȷġ
Ǹҽǲǻ̹ʤʵԸȥˣǾͲϧһд۽
ȻԸõģԸ⣬ǾԸ⡣
ҰһյݱͰ˹ȥ˵֮ǰעǼϢˣҰһȥ˽ݱᡣ
һҰһ˸Եһ֮⣬ݱݱ˺ͼ̹ʤϣ԰æע£û뵽żţݱͰйȥˡ
ǸݱݱģϾҪˣôҪԼȥ𣿡
ϣô죿
ţҪȥĻŻСɣ˵ܾûгʬˣе
ֽĴС⻹ͨ˵óԣ𳵿϶Եġ
СǽƵԱһֻԱΪԵè
ʬΪʳϲԷò۵ŮӣҰһ˵ͷ Ӧûġ
һ֮ʬȨͲ鱾ˣ𳵳ʬʱҲǳһĶ꣬ʬͻḯãҲḴ
Ұһȷݱݱʲôʱ֮ȥ˻С㣬С˵ȥӵǷòĴС㣬ǳʹľʹӦ൱ڴ
ʱԵĶսʿʬ壬ڸֲӲͲóԡ
ڵ֪ҰһҪŵʱЩζϷ̫ľˣְҪɾ𣿡
ǸǵݱݱˣҴԵһ뿪֮ͲôˡҰһҲ֪Լʱȥ鶼ûôѾñˣʱ䱾ʹҪݱݱߵ֮ͻصʵʵĴһʱ䡣
ԽԵһڵĻͺˡ
˲𣿡
ǿԣʱڵմȾϵǳ׵ù˵ᱻʴȻ
͹ûʲôһմȾͻᵹùδࡣ
ҰһһǲУдʱ䳤ˣ𺦵ĸ
һǲѡڵģǶ˵ٺһ
οԵһǸСӡ
Ǿֻ˰ҰһЩգ"ԵһҪþء"
Եһһǻ᳤ˣʱڸûа취˸ӽԼܵĻԼܵˣ˿ɲһܵˣҪһõİ취С
ҰһЩͷ۲֪ôԵһƿҰһʵǲģ費ҪʵڲУԵһأԻ˵˺ġ
ʲô˶ȥģҲ֪ݱݱûʸȥһȥҪȥǺΡ
ǵǸʲôݱݱ˸ӻٴðɣȰЩļȫ
ļĻҪ࣬ൽֱͨҲ˯ֱȥݱݱ˾Ϳˡ
ҰһЩļͷۣȴҲû취ֻӲͷƤļ˵ֱ˵ڶϡ
۳ſҪʱ䣬ҰһϽڹƵעȥҵڵĻС㡣
ôôѽҿǵþˡСצٵ棬ȻҰһĺϣë׵ģʮҰһô󣬺֮ǰҰһѾߣֻèˣںòһᣬôԷŹ
Ŀĵ
Ұһָ˸򣬻С뿪˵ֱӷ˼̹ҡ
ȻĲһڵļ̹ҲһǻҵģҲ֪ʲôҰһԸоݱݱ˲ûЩΪʲô̹ҵ˻ôڡ
δӵûαװݱݱǸͿҰһԼӴĻС㣬Сֱͣ˼̹լӵϿգܿᵽδʳһ۾Ⱥҵݱݱ˵
𣿡
ݱݱڷǳĺͼ̹ʢţ岢ãվǿȫһ֧ţҲ֪ΪʲôԼү˼ܡ
㲻ôҰҽҵĶˣôԶأԼ֣ҰһЩ죬ֱͥԺеƽЩ˵崩͸˻С壬ſڵЩġ
ôôû컹ûгԶںö
Ұһڿ϶ֱӳǰģܾôƾճǰֻܸС˵һ̹Ҵ⣬˼̹ҵĴš
̹ҹİ˼룬̹ʢŷͨ˵Ұһʱ򳹵ʧȥģ˽ݱݱؽ˷ҪΪҲҶ㡣̹ʢ߸ϵĶݱݱ˵ģҰһôҾͻﵽһ߶ȣʱձǵġ
ʲô𣿡ƽŹŮݱݱʱȴ˵˲Ļǻµģ
µôûе˵ֻҪڻŵʱܹҵ͹ˡԸݱݱ˷ϻȻ֪һԵĿŴ죬ͷҧ
̹ʢֻͷһۣγģûվסһߵ°סˣŻ
Ժ϶ҪµġҧͷζһҲֱ֮˳ղһֱҧ˼̹ʢһ˿Լ̹ʢûзԼȱһС֣ԹԵķԼĿ
ЩΪѵĽݱݱ˸һ䷿ĹϷţ档
̹ˣҰһ˽Ұһݱݱ˼õᣬ֪ôźá
Ҫ취ֹ̹ʤ
ΪԼҲΪԵһҲգҰһԲ
ݱݱ˿˷ΪĹӣ֪ôӿֳ޾Ȼ˵Ŀƣһͷײ˹ӵļǡ
ˣ


109 
ˣ, Ǽ̹ʤҲвãǰȥ˷ĴţڿűߵĹǰſһλȴŮˡ
ǸŮݱݱˡ
ݱݱ屾ͼ, ټŭģֱײ˹ӼĽ, һ¾ֱҪ
Ժ治ͷȴŵĻĵ˦β, ֱݱݱ֮˷ܵվ
ۣС㽫ԼӴС, ɿԽ뷿ĴС, ƹȺԼ, ߽˸ղݱݱȥǸ䡣
ڳֻҰһѾȥݱݱ˿ԿС, Ѿݱݱ˾ֵĵĿԼСĻ, תҪܡ
ʲô𳵿˿ڣֻʬѣֲ顣
ڸ˵𣿡ѾܵǽǵݱݱСʵ
˵˺ֻԼԵʬ塭飬ӦԼİɡ
Ȼ˻˭ˡ𳵶һ¡ҿԳԵʬɡ
, ݱݱ˵Ȼǲҷֻ޴è, Ȼֻè˵ֻʬ壬ԼĻ, ᲻ֱӳԵԼȻٳԵʬأ
ȻǿԵġݱݱ˵롣
ֳԵԼʬ塭ͦ΢ġ
ȻԼѾ, ǲô˵ܹԼ塣
Ŷ, Ȼҿɲ㡣
Ұһڱʵ֮ǰ˵, ȴݱݱ˵뿪Եһ뿪ġ
ݱݱֻֻ޴èСצӽԼ֮һһȻһ콫Լʬ̵
ԭ˯Ƶʬ֮Գһʲô˿Ѿˡ
𳵽£̾ȻǹŮǵȽϺó԰Ȼ˵ҲܾǹȻŮӵıȽϺóԡ
ݱݱľˡ
˭Լ徿ʲôζڸжܣͺڵһ
ǱҰһ̹ʿİΧȴҰһ߽ݱݱˣ뿪һһ͹ˡ

̫ΪʲôֻҰһ֣ݱݱ˻ʶ֣𳵵ӣԺڿն𣬷Զ
Ѿݱݱ뿪ҰһһѳһߵԵһգ֮ʧ˼̹ʤߵС
ͻȻӿٶȸƮһµԵһ˸Уͱ۵糸ٶȸôֻðͷҰһĲ棬㿪洵Լķ硣
ԵһԼô뿪̹ңǴûԼʲô뿪ļ̹ҡ
Ҫû뵽ҰһôẬ˾Ȼֱܵľٶ
Ĳ˵е̼
еˬ
𳵴ݱݱ˵˸һɽϣɹı棬ƽ糿ʱе䣬Ѿݱݱȴȫо䡣
ô𳵵ŷɵ˿УεĺԼᱻָֻȥˤ⽴ǻ𳵷ɵĻͦȵģľս˺ܾãһ㶼ûݱݱ˸ܵ
ֻݱݱҲлˡ
ǿҰһ϶һ㣬ټȷǺóԣôĶԴǰֱ̽צץţҪǵһ룬Ļܵôᡣ
𳵰ݱݱ˷ȵҰɡ
Ұҽ𣿡
ҰȷǸҽţûʩչĵطˡ𳵴˸ǷèƵ˸Ȼڵ

ܸ˵ģѾӦûʲô⣬֮Ӧö֪ڸҲûʲôϵ𳵿ҰһϣټݱݱѾˣԲô˵ҰǼһѾ˺üˡٶ֮ǰɣӦȥģǱƴ˸ˣԾڵɻһֱأ
ݱݱþþò
ٶ֮ǰǲƽǸʱ
ݱݱǽĴС㣬Щγ̶˽̵ģټҲϲ飬ԳƵһ䲩ѧԺܿͿƶϳҰһĴʱ䡣
ԵһᱻȥɣôС
ôӻǻأûа취ȥ㲻Ҫ̫࣬ҪԵһȥҰҪܷġ
ԵһҰҽ
ӦӰɡҲǺǹ˵ģԵ㶫ǺþûгԵôóԵʬˡ˸ĺôٲҾҪ˯ˡ
ԵһҲ֪Ұһ˶ãûҰһĺ׷Ҳ͹˲һյʱ䣬Եһ͸оҰһͣ
С㡣ʦôУȷХķѾֹͣŰͷ̧µĵطȴһ˶ûУ˵ˣûС
ǿˣҰһȴܹƬ֡
˻СݱݱˣвٻľһЩСС֡
𳵴˸Ƿǹˣˡ
ǸǸԵһ̫Сˣ̫ܲٶȡҰһԵһ£ԵһɫĶ̴ﻹһССĲװԼҪߵĶ
ʵҲ࣬ͼ͸͸Լĵӡ
ʦ𣿡ԵһֻܿҰһͿһ˵˵ҿ
ҰһҧָѪͿƤ棬ԵһֻƤһȣǰȫһӡ
ոȥĸ׺úõվԼǰһֻǳ޴èЩƴС顣
ԵһϾ˼Щֵľֱ˽ݱݱ˵Ļĸף
Եһ
ΪԼҲԵһݱݱϲסԵһ޵˵
Ұһһᣬݱݱ˵Ѿָ֮ſڲ廰ʱˣûа취ʱǻҪȻصźá
ʲô
Ѿ˽ˣԵһţԵһŵʱעûа취סһģǴȷȻ֮ȥȴԵһʤȥ֮һģɱȥģɱҲǷ㻹ҪУܳͷ
ݱݱҲ֪ɱǲʵΪԺ϶Ҫµģɱʱȥ׼ĵʱȴе㺦¡
Ҳú£ҪûҪħǵУԵĻ֮̽ѡڵӦƸΪ䡣
⻰žȵĿҰһһۡ
ȵĲҰһݱݱôãķҰһǹһ˲š
Ҳֻй˲֪Ϊʲôرϲ˲ţԼǱƸƹģҲûʸ˵ʲô
ҰһǰûпйˣΪʲôͻȻ벻͹һˣ
ѵǽīߺڱƸȾˣ
ȷƺҰ˽Ĵš
𳵲ǺϲԣƽİþҺóԵģ⴫ҲΪÿŮӻİԡ
Ůӻ̸ݲǼ޷Ǿǵĸ̸ʲôġ
Ҳһ죬˵ǲҰһ͹֮飬ȫûнչԷǳġ
𳵵ʱûעѾǺܾ֮ǰˣôʱȥӦѾ޳˰ɡ
ȻӦòһϲĴɻ
䣿
ǳͷ
ǡݱݱԥһ£СʳԼ⣬ҳΪĻ̹ʤ֮ҿԡ𣿡
⻰ϢеҰһĬһ£Ҫܸܲϡ
ðɣٻľһɡ
ô˵ݱݱ˺ǷʲôһھͱȽϵʤǸӣʤǺӲʲô鶼˵Һܵ
ڼֻ̹һ̳ˣӦҲõģһῴģ¡
Ǿ鷳ˣһŬΪġݱݱѾ¶˾ģҰһһлҶ֪ôлźˣҵѡǲڻأ
ǵġ
Ҳûа취ϾԼѡ񡣡ݱݱԵһͷҪúõĸҰҽѧϰ֪𣿲׼ѰҪúõĻĸ֪𣿡
һۿԼ뷨ݱݱ˰ԵһƸҰһԵһ鷳ˡ
İɣһչ˺ģһȥġ
⻰Ҫû϶֣ڳȴ⣬ֵݱݱ˵ӣ߰ɣٲҪ̫ɹˡ
ҰһƽڵʱݱݱˣԵһ࣬ûа취ȥСҰĲСĵ˵ҲοҲֻڵ죬ʱ䣬Ԫˣص֮ͺúõĴһ˵˸ûֻص˵
ԵһҰһ֣ĿԼĸױߡ
ĸӦһѹģǿĸױèŷߡôôúЦ
ˣҲˣȥĵطҪҸطӡ
ԵһҡҡͷֻǸССԺӣ֪֮⻹ʲôطǴϿҲ֪ȥ
Ϻʵǲһģ뿪ǸǿǼҵĵطҲ֪ȥ
ߣֻʣʦˡ
ǾһĵطӺˣʵڲȥͶūưˡ
ūư
ǻͷš
뿪þãþûкūưϵһμ棬ūưӣʱԼĺ񣬺æԵһݱݱ˵ˡ
ȻûеطȥҰһһѡūưūưƽôŵֵܹܴ󽫣ʵӿ϶С
ԼΪæµ˲ԵһūưڣҲرġ
˻ѵķϣūư϶ῴһġ
ҰһǰԵһ죬Լ϶ûа취ȫ쿴ūưڣҲһȫȫԵһԼսԱļɣڵͲ̫ģҲΪ
Ұһǰūưȥһţֶ֮αֶοö࣬յżٶҲö࣬ʱ䣬ҰһյūưĻš
ǰǰһҰһĸ˵͹ɣӣʱҪˣūư
֪Ұһݵģ֪ҰһҽϵͷһݵŮӱڹŹһȦҪиҽȫʾԻߣҲһЩ
ҰһûʱҪȥҲҪҰһġ
ҰһȻͬ⣬ֻҪӣС
Ҫ֪ŴʱŮ˱ȽǰӲ˵ʱûԱʲôģǶʲôȻҲô̹Ȼ
Ҳ̫Ѿ˺ӣԺҸеĻҸŮĶûϵ˿ĶֻܿҪԼ˾ͺˡ
Ұһ˼ӵԵһҲûҰһڻһֻӥĺϣֻӥǰĶҪ󣬺浽ΣգֻܴܱҰһڻĴϿŷ羰
ǰûпĶСĵĴҰһĻ̽ͷڷ϶濴ţ̫ĶҰһô棬ӥ߱ȽϺãԵһɵĿ󲿷ֵķ羰
ԭӸߴ羰
Եһ˷ܶʵˣЩɽͺҰһҲΪʲô֡
Եһעܿ챻Ұһ˵Ļתƣģȵʱ˾͵˾
ûӥֱӷɵūȥھɽͣ£ͽɽ뿪ͨŽ뾩ǡ
ڵľǿɲ񵱳ºʱôܲūĹ£֣ҪôǸɱˣҪôǴǷȻɽ˾
ΪٹǶϲĵط⼸ĺƽѾǳѵãûֵ֮£ھҲͦϰ̯Сӵ϶Цݡ
Եһûôĵطֻֻ۾ãֵǽץҰһûɿֻǺ۾ţҲû˵ҪʲôģҰһǱôµԵһĲ˵СϲĳԵõģԵһ
ԵһҽӣЩǺöʦ԰ɡ
ʦҲһݣЩԵһԵһĽô˵ˣԵһŽ˹Сҧһڰǽƻ
𡣡
ٳǵԵһ۾⣬óԡ
óԵĻԺͺˣʲôҪһҪ˵Ŷ
Եһ˵ͷ
Ӧˣȴһ
ʵʲôҪ飬ֻʦô˵ˣԼӦͺá
ʦѾæˣٸʦҡ
˽ǿʼūֿҸūưˣūưڽӵϢ֮һų
ҰһԸ϶ȴǸСڳתһȦȻٹ
ūưµĹȻûʱվûӣһһС˵ӰͳūưߵС
ҰһҲūưֱӱǸСӣ߹
ūưҲЦӭ˹ȥû뵽Ź˶೤ʱ䣬Ӷˡ
ʲôӣҵĵӣ鶼ûᣬкӡ
ֲáūưĿڸĵķɿ죬˳ֱӸ˿ڷ磬һʹ߰ɣʹӣˣͬˡ
ӣӦȷеϣ֮еĸо
Ͼūưӣܹܺһ飬ͬ˸ҲԽܵġ
ȻҪΪūư˵ԭ
ҰһȻûʲô֪һֻ֪ġ
Ҿھ滹硣
ÿҽݶҰ̽ġ
ҽػ
˵Ұһӣʲôأ˵Ұ̽ģ̾Ͷˡ
仹ҽҰ̽ĵĴţ˵ձûбҰ̽ĸ˷ĵҽˣ
ӣϾͿ˷߳ģͬҰһ


110 
ҰһҲû뵽ūư˵ӣ, νͬĻͰæͬĻͲ, 벻ãֻҪھܰæ, ܲ
Եһǿֵ, ֻܿҰһԿ˵, Ȼ󱧽Ĳӡ
ΪʲôҲأ
˵Լġ
Щ, Ұһȴĺ, һҸ㻭, ʱܿˡ
ǸͨСūưҰһԺ, ȵ֮⴦լԺǴûгֹƵģԭء
ūլֶʶҰһʵǿĴӵĴˣкøС
Ϊ߰ƽ׽, ˵СֶƽȶԴ, ﶼƽȵġ
ǲҰһв
Ǵ󽫶ͷʹºܰº˰Ŵһ˻治ǡ
Ұһ˸С, Ҳ֪Ϊʲôֻзǳ΢Ұ, Ҳ֪û
Ƕӣ
ʲô
ԵһūܲһյԺ, ԺӱǼﻹҪö, ûŵķΧԵһȴãǳַ֣ǳƺ൱
˵֡
ūưҰһʱԵһ۾ԿԺֲʧ񣬵һٸԳʱ俪۵ĵߡ
á
֮ҰһͰԼߣץҰһ½ǣе㲻ҵ
ҰһʱҲһ
Щǳι״ͷǳĲȫסҰһЩ¡
ЩСҲñðˣֻǺܱôһߵСӾʲô͡
ԵһڿЩֵʱ򿴵ʲôǹͷ𣿡ҰһԼǰЩ֣ͬʱҲסֵߡ
ǣǡԵһ֪ôݣǾι״ġ
ȻҲô˵ˡ
ūưô˵ҲûסЦûŶ־ôι״ʲôӵĶС
ūĴҶǺ֣ûйϵģ濴֣Ǵūŵ֣ͼǵöԶ㡣
Դ𣿡Եһʵµ֡
ϾӹйֵĴȫµģֱȽϺõĹ֣ʵ޺ľ鶼Ϊɽ·Ϻڹ
ʵҲġ
㻹Сأô򡣡
Ǳǿͺ˰ɣһԼϰ
ҰͽܣӦøѧϰҽʦǹŶձҽŷء
Ҷѧϰġ
ŷԣΪԵһûҰһľԵһԱձڶʿġ
һʤ
ûŶûʱͲᱻء
ڻСأԺʼʽѧϰ֮˵ɣοƽ֣Ҳֵġ
ܸоֵĴӪ˵е֣ūȻûж⣬һС˵ԺҪնɱֻе΢
նɱ֣նɱ
ǵģǹy޲ҡ
˵Ұһ֣Ϊʲôʱ䰴ٻy޲ңy޲Ҿͺ伣һĴŶٳ֣Ļǹֵ顣
żҲʵǿܹͨѪûѧᣬʵ㲻ʲôǿĵˡ
Ұһ˸⣬ūưԴȥӣ
ӣĶѾܴˣƾ⼸裬ūưҰһϽӭưˣҰˡ
ˣ忴Ұһ˵ʵһ˵ԽǿԽѷֻܺ˲ʱͻУʵūưҲǾϲϾūưҲǷǳĴˣںӣʱѾӣе׼
лԡӣҰһô˵ʱҲܸˣܿкӻŮ𣿡
ǸкҰһƾϢжһ£ϲ
ʲôȻӣһĿɰŮ𣿡
ҪǱָҪˡ
СʲôõģŮӸӿɰɡūư˵ҲðɣϾԺܱӣ
ūưΪӶˣȫΪԼӣĺӣʵԺӵĸоһ㣬ȻϧʵǸϲӵˡ
ӣҲҲУûҲν̬ȣֻҪӣһúùӾС
ӣи̳˱ȽִţūưˣҲûʲôãԺһ˱ӣ
Ұһĸ黹ͦĽģһһǷɫɣҰһ;ԼǸݣ̸ʱ۾ͳֽʸԵһȥˡ
ԵһҲûпǱߣڿҰһ䣬ֽѪõңҲ֪ЩЧжô档
ǱˣҰһѷˣԺֵЩҪˮһѻѷţˮԵһȥ
ղŪʲôūư棬ԵһԿֵĶ𣿡
š
ӣģԿԿ֣ҪԵһ֮ҰһƤϵѪƤϵѪԵһɿԿûвǡ
ԿˣллʦԵһץҰһӽŵ˵Ժ󶼻һֱ𣿡
ԿֵеԵһеӦˣеЩһڰԵǡ
µĻԹصֻҲڵʱ㿴ưе㲻̫ˡ
һŰɡ
ԵһҰһ鷳ҲҰһʲôҰһȫŪ֮һ߰ĳƻǣҲ˵͸żƵġ
ҰһʱȰԵһūưļȹһʱٰȥҪ黹ӣܿҪ
ӣͦŶӻ˷䣬ԵһҲϲСӵӣߣڴ˵ʱ䡣
ūưΪҰһᣬȺƽ֮ûʲôɣû¾;һһȾƣÿ춼ȵ
ҰһãҲǺȣٹ٣ϵ˴룬Ұһɲɽ˵㣬Ϳպ˺üơ
ҺӶҪˣûȷ𣿡ĻưҰһһҰһİ
ʲô󡣡
֮ǰҺӣʱȾƣûȴװǸйƵıȥˣ㻹˵ǣ


111 
Ұһ޲ðѾȫūưϡ
ūưȾƺȴ, Լ˵ʲôȫûиֻǾԼӶˣҰһԼѺûʲôչ, еż
Ҳ֪ʲôʱܹǵϲơ
֪̫ˡ
ỹûһ, ǲܰ, ˶û֣ūưå, ɹҰһ߳ŭ, ±Ӿߡ
Ƥͦūư֪Ұһûֻе㺦, ûҷʡ, ʱ춼, ҰһҲûصӣʱҰһͰԼĴԵһסŵķʲôֱӹõʱ䡣
Ұһ֮ǰȥԵһ˵һҪ, Լֻǻصȥ, ϻٻҪ, µĻͽԼԼ
Եһµĵ˵ͷ
ӣ˶ܺ, ҲȥŻ, ԵһܿӦūš
ڷϰҰһ̸Ķ, ȥҹͲẦ¡
ҰһЩԵһĶ£ûа취˸ȥֻʱȽԵһиǣԼȻȥ
СѾݱݱ˸ˣ֪͵ȥⶼˣʮͥҪϢ͵ȥˣҪʸһĵ䡣
ӦڵȺɣ;洦ģǹƴ˹ˡΪлСҰһڣݱݱ˲ûһ;Ǵƽԭȴר͵˵Ⱥһ翪ʼ֮Ż͵ͥȥҰһȥĻǿԼġ
˶˻ҲԽҿԴͿġ
ȥ֪𣿡
ûпƴˡ˵Լȥһ°ɡ
Ǻðɣ㹤ʱСһ㡣
Ұһȥ˹ƣȥ˵һԼҸ䱸ѡԺԹ۲һȻһá
Ұһȥħ˵ʱƲħҪôʳҪôڷ䡣
ǰƶǵԼһȥʳóԷģӦڷӰࡪ
Ҳڡ
Ұһͷԣ·żȻҲ֪ȥˣҰһֻȥݱݱˡ
ܹϢʵ࣬϶Ǵ˲ŻϢݱݱһɱʵûʸϢģͲסбȫϢġ
ݱݱ˷Щ
ЩǲݱݱģϾЩϹأǰŵ;洦Ҳסûôǹƹ˸ߵġ
ƵĴˣ֪ΪʲôԼһ⣬ֻǲûðеǺ͸˵ĻȫˣǸоԼˡ
ƴǵͷ죬˵ʶҰҽǲҪѰʵױȽϺá
ϢɣȥеģɱģһǲģûǲҪ˵
ʶһһȻʶҰһģݱݱŷģλ˳౾ǷǳɫϲǳҲߴ󣬺Ұȫ
Ұôˡûʲô˻
ƣΪʲôҰһΪѾˣ˭֪ݱݱ˵ʱȻղȥʱ㲻ڣΪȥˡ
ƿҰһݱݱ˹ƻе㲻̫ˣҰһôѽͣʱͲˣеˡ
ݱݱΪŮԣպͱĸ֪ͷǳھͲ֮΢ձ仯
ƴˣڼҰҽ֮ϵϢղŵӲȫʧ
¹ϵ𣿡ݱݱЩʵǰһԡ
˵仰֪֮Լ˵⻰˵ˣһ侲Ұҽ쵽˶⣬ƴȻûЦȴЩŵĿҰҽ
Ȼôͷ
ԼӦ˵ˣֻ˿ܻûдֻڣϣԼ˵Ļ˾ճɾҪŰˡ
ڵݱݱΨһĵľԼĺӣڵıͷΪ˳Ϊ䣬ȻԼϹںԼĶͷ˾ùϵڿԼѡûд
ԼںܳȲԼǲǡ
ݱݱ˲泤֪Ů֪Ĳ֪ʵֻ֪һֱôˣ϶Լɷ
Ϊ֪ԼԺûɷݱݱ˲ŻôľӪ˼ʹϵ
ԼȻǰˣǾҪԼĺǴһͷԺԼĺˣһҪǰԼĺһң
˻ϢɣнܾûʱϢˡ
æҲżݱݱ֪ԼڿܾǸݣԸϽԼĴڸУڵȺһֱڰĿһǰһ뿪ŴչѯݱݱǱ˾˭
ݱݱ˴ŹͲȥش
ʲôЦôܻ˵Ҫ˵ȥ϶ϸߡ
ҰһڵаôһΡ
ҪԼеѺ֪Լ͹֮飬ڴ
֮һֱûͱ㴰ֽ˵Ĺϵûй
Ҳ˵ǹһ֣ҶΪһˣʵûе״̬
ʵͦõģٽһҲν
ƣҲͦϲƶԼҲԲʲôоûУǡ
˼仹֮Լ͹֮Ϊദô껹ãݣԼҲ֪͹ߵʲôز
׻Щᡣ
Ұһ£ûעԼƸطȥˣ⼸һֱڹƵķӰ࣬ԹƵķѾ൱ˣԼһԼ˼롣
ʲôأ棬ҪҴɲأҲܡ

ô˸˵ˣ㲻֪ܲɡƸҰһĲǴƹǱߴֱݵ֣ձϲȵĨ裬Ұһһڣ˽ˡ
أ뷨ʲô
ҰһһͲˣôǸװɣԼ׿˵𣡷Ҫ˸˵һʽжûУ
Ұһô˵Ǹģһ˵׷ĵģҰһôʱûк͹ͱƴֽһԭΪȻ˵˺ܶ൫ȫûֱAȥ׿ڸ׶ûУҰһԼܳԿҲȫ֪
ԭ𣿡ȴ˼ʵȫ֪ϲ㣬Ϊûиװ֪𣿡
̹ȻĳԼȷʧ㣬ϾԼû뵽ȻΪ
ˮܣҰһϰԼĴڣȻ˳µһģһ˼ΪԼû׿ڸ
վһ¡
˵꣬˳ȥҰһһڷ棬Ұһˣô˵һˣ
׸ȥ
Ұһ׷ȥԼһ£ûгȥ
뿪˲Сʱܿͻˣﻹ˸޲Сӡ
ǸõˡƴСӣһöڸͼĽָ
ʯģڻûУǴδģŻȽϲĽָɡϥѧϰδʱ̬ԽΪǰҽ


112 
Ұһʵû뵽ƾȻһλ
һλ, ȻֱӴ̸һ絽˽顣
ձںûʯֶԹƸĽָǽɫָߴӦʺϵ, ҰһҲ֪òýӡ
ΪƻȸȻ˵Ժ󣬵û뵽ֱӾԽΪǰύ
̹, еˡ
ʽ, ǻᱻа, һ, ᱻֱӶںϵȥ̡
Ժ˻ûϷ
Ұһⶼ͸, ɿһŤͷ, ð, ҴӦˡ
ҰһĻش𣬹һֱŵҲ
Ҫ˵ǾԲܵģ侲ʤȯգӺҰһһ俪ʼڽţԼû
һͦĵġ
ִҰһָ֣Ұһϡ
ɫͦɫ, ҰһƤôҲɹƵ, ɰ׵͸
öɫָֻ֣ϸϸһ, ָϷǳгĵְ˼֡
ĳߴҲû, úÿԴȥ
Ƹýָ֮Ҳûɿ, ߬, ץִȫ԰Ұһָס϶ﻹԿöɫָ
ĻǸ̹ԵһǲҪĿˣ
ʲô
ʦʲôġҲԵһǸСÿ춼ҪҰһˣԭ˻һߣ˿ر
˵ˣҰһϲСӣвϲСѾɳ˵Լ
վλòһƵ̬ıҲܿ죬ȥԵһ
ǵȻưĶӳһȥҰһգգ۾ϴȥġ
װǴΣʵ
Ұһʾըë׼˵
ƹȻ֪İɣȻΪʲô㵱Ȼ֪İɣ
Ȼ֪ƿȫʲôԣҪǻûȷϵҾֱӶˡ
ĸ˼Ұһͷ˿Ҳ֪
ƿǻûȷϵ֮ǰԽҲǼӷֵ֮һҰһҲֻգû\'Ǻþûи˽ˡ
ڵŮԺٿԽΪǽҲƲ֮ľ룬ҰһԼϣĻһ˵ԼŬһ¾
֪ΪʲôͻȻӱȽϻƱķӣǹаհѻȻҪӵĻҲǿԵġ
Ұһɣ˿ӣ
ҿŬþãĴôǿ϶а취ġƤıȹսǻҪĹޱĿŻǻҰһǻðɣôЩɫķϡ
ϲԼﷴҲŲ˰ɡҰһָͷؿڵĹޱ飬΢һҰ̵ܹҶΪҲˡ
ҰһæԷȥˣֻϷҡ
ƴվסҰһֽ֣ŹϣҰһֳģһƾҰһȻȻ˼ֻܺŶɹǣš
һ·ϣҰһ·˶ڿǣŵҲ̵ˣ·˶ں˴кк֮ͶЦĸں
㿴ˣҲ̾һ
һڵĻΪҪ¶ˡŲ̣˶棬ݰɡ
Ȼ⡣
ޱ顣
˰ҰһǲôˣܺͰһ죬˵ڵʱ顣
ϻصʱ󲿷˶˯ˣΨһһĹðԵԸ֪ܶ൫ǲϲ˵ԸҰһԶû˵
Ʊһ߾Եúǹµ
Ұһһ룬ͣеĿӣưڽˡ
ҪǾ߰ɡưҰһĲһỹԷ𣿡
Ҳ֪Ȼȥɣ١ҰһЩż˵һܿˣ㿴ҰһߣԹƵ٩ȷ𣿡
Ƶͷ
ûйϵԺʱ仹أҪΪôһС¶㰲οΪʲôҵӻûгأҲ̸һ
ƴϰĻǽ顣
һûҭ˻ȥ㱻ԼǺȿȿȡ
ôҲû뵽ȻֱһֱӱŽȥ
Ǵ˵е𣿣
ӵſڣӹƵݹˮһڻһ£㣬ơ
ţȻҡ
ƳԵԼǷݷ֮󣬽ҰһʣµûгķҲһԹ⣬ȥҰһһµķ˴ط䡣
Ѿʼ˼ǲҪѸڷǽڸͨһܶࡣ
ƵûֱӰҰһĶѾʼϵڲǽ
ڷǹƷĵطԭǿŵģ֮ǰΪҰһԭѻɽᵽһ䷿ĿĴﵽھҪһϡ
Լķ㹻һסˣҪס˿ܾе㼷
ưѸҰһķŽµżµ⡣
ݱݱ˿϶Ҫ̵ģôûа취̡
Ұһæеֻ˲һӵʱ䣬ô̶̵ģһӵʱ䣬ӣѾˡ
˸βͻҰһûɶ£ֻܿūǻȸԾδĵԵһվһߣЩί
ҰһϽ˱οԵһҪҪҺ˯
ʦȥӣ˰ɣ϶
ԼĸҲΪ֮űϿģӣҲ˺ӣȻʱ˳һأ
ӣ˲µģȴȥ˯ɡ
Ұһе
ԵһԼزģ£϶޴ǳʱûʶˣж຦¡
ӦԵһġ
Ұһת۾ͰԼȷϹϵѸԺһ˼Եһ
ӣ˱ǿҲûʲôͳˣūư˲Լճı˶ӣܵԼ꺮ůһҰһ
һӣûгɡūưſҰһԵһղźСİԵһˣЩ˼ĶԵһ˸Ǹ
ⷴҰһһ¡
ܹԱԼСôĺӵǸūưȷǸˡ
ʲô񰡣ҵǸ𣿣ūưԹһ£˾Ǵ
ūư˵һ룬Ұһϲ˲Ծĵطˣ
Ұһͷ
̸۵Ļ⣬ԭ˯ԵһҲҰһĻ̧ͷʦ˭𣿡
Եһûкͱ̸ĸӡ̸ǽ顣
ʦ뿪ʱûкͱ˽鰡
ԵһЩ⣺Ҫʦ𣿡
ǲǹƣūưԹƵӡǳ̣Ͼʲô˶ܹƾͰ˸ѹĴģ˷λʳ˵ǿҰһʱȴƽ͵Ƥ
Ҫ˵ûɶǿ϶ŵġ
ҪȤ治ҵŹƵ˵
ҰһʶϵĽָưһ
ָ


113 
ūưĶȡ顣
ΪǳӤҪ, µӣЩ
ûСĿ֡
ūưͦ˵ģ׳ʵȽϷ, ҪǺǸŮӣ϶Ͳˡ
ŮӶཿ, ǺƤСһ
ò˵ȷ츳, ǳɳٶȵȷǷɿ, ūưһ, ȥ, ´ΰ͸õһ, ǸϽ˸ᡣ
ҲȾ˶ѡ
ӣ˳, ָͦãҲμᣬҰһԵһڰ֮ǰǼҰ˳ȥھһɽס
Ұһ죬ǹ磬ֻһŮ, ҰһΪԵһǺܷĵġ
ΪŮҲǸСҽ, ڽ̵Եһʱ򣬻˳һ̸, Ϊ񽵣мľͲ
Ұһæܾ
ҲΪҰһиԵһŮ, ͽǲ֪ԼŷȻĳˡ
ʱû˻ʱ, ҰһԭѾЩϡͻȻʢ˺ܶ, вٹƷ
ЩƷȫҰһ档
ʱҽ࣬λҲߣܹóĶʵҲܺá
ͲסҰһı֮ҽõɹҲ˲٣ǾγɹĻҲԷҽİ֮¹Ұһ
ӹ񣬿Ա彡ƸԼյһǰϲŷģǱȽ֡
ҰһΪԵһԼǰڴʵȷڣвϢͨ绹˹Ĵ
ΪϵĴˣԵһҲһ߶ȡ
֮Ϊӡ
λڼ̹ҵʱȫͬȫ˵һһ¡
Եһȴ˸ˣϣ˹ΰֻϣܹʦ˰Ĵһ𣬶Ǳô˴š
ò׵˿գҰһȥūưҲμӵ硣ϴŵ·Ѿڼ̹ҴŵǼ鲼ˣǻһ׺ɫϵFСޱ飬мֻˡ
ԵһҰҽˡӣкڵѾ۾ˣ˫Ӳӵ۾๾ĴתţɣɰˡԵһҲſӤĴ˴ա
Ҷˣεľ϶ǳ֡
µĴӣū֯׷أûй˳ū֯ΪάֱϵĺƽҲ˺
Ĳ磬û˻ǡ
ΪЩϢֺ֮ͨǰѾ֪ūŵġ
񽵵Ĵԡ
Щ֯һ߰ūĳҪһϵ
˵ֺǴҲˣΪʲôҪͽ
˵ЩúõڸԭϴŲΪʲôƫƫҪ͵Щ棿
ūĺˬū鱻Ҳˬ
ǵϴţƣܹҵһѣǸǣǾôҲûá
ôһɽū˵Ǵ⣬޲βͶ
ǼҰһһԵȫӿ˹
ЩūưһʲôʱūЩѾƮ˵ֺúʰһ£һ߰ӭ˽
ΪӦϵģͲסҰһЩλߵģūưҪߵǸλ棬ҰһֱҡͷܾˣĸףûʸҸλþͿԡ
ô˵ūư϶ܸ㰲λáҪ㰲ʲôطͽǿ϶Ҫ˺ǡ
ūưе⡣
һѽʲôʱ
ʱֻҰһԵһūưûпˡ
Ұһ˵˵ʱ򣬺͹һֻҰһͽˣôܲأ
컹йҪҪ°ʱܹҰһ֣ȥϻȥӰ˿Ĳ࣬ҪħУϰʱġ
ҲǰͿʱǼϵϲŻʽʼ
һΪһء
ȻҲ밡Ĺʵ̫æˡҰһЦЦԵһҲûмء
ǰɣͽܡ
ÿôæֲÿζңԵһûа취ȥһֱû棬ãҲǽĻ档
νԺԵһҲҪȥ𣿡
ҪԵһԼ˼ԸȥתͶ̥Ļҿ϶ֹġ϶˾ˡ
ԼѾ˼̳ͽܣשߣҪȥڵ˿϶ˡϾԵһԼľԼԸڵҰһ϶Ҳûа취˵ʲôֻԼġ
Եһǳϵһڵʦġ
ô˵ҰһͷС
ԵһԼͷãСʵҿɲԲ磿ҲϲȻʦ硭ÿΰĺᡣ
ǾǼѽ֮ǰǰǷҪġ
С
Եһȥﶼԣǲū顣
ԼѾūˣ涼ڴūԼ£ԼҪʲôģ˶ȫûκȤ˵ģв֯ˡ
һ߸̾ЩǵǣһѰ˼ôūƲϵ
Ҳ˵ײֻҪ֤֮ûνĴϵģֻǵΪūưѶڡ
ūΪԼıӻΪ˵ūưˣҪЩǸɵ
ūưҲǿǵһ㣬Żŵ֮ȥͷһЩƮ˵ǡ
ֺ֮Ƕģûгֹһӻ֯
Եһū飬ȴҲĲԵһ
һԵһū飬ôҰһӻūĴԾͻ᳹ʵ
Եһڵͷҽҩ֮ӣҪԲԶĶҲǼ򵥵仰Ϳ˵ġ
ǵȹʱȥһû˵ĵطס°ɡҰһһ£ưûɽпס˵ĵط
ɽϵĴӦǿ԰ɡвٴţҪȥһ£ūưṩһص㣬סɽĴӦûȽϴӣ۸Եһġ
ǵȥһºˡ
Եһһ뵽ôϵĹݣ͸ˡ
ᣬȴԼܲλԼһɽ
ûȥЩˡ
ȵūư뿪ڸ֯Χ˹ÿ˶ϹϵԵĻöԷԼͺˡ
ǿһ졣
Ұһʤֱһλ欵Ů÷ظĦֱۣò΢Цλ롪
Ļһϣһֻſڷֱӽֻҽ˵Ұһ̧ӣԵһ˷ɽʯվſӳԼһܺԼ֣ȻһξֱҰɡ


114 
ſڵֱض
ڳһ붼ʶ, һӣūưʱڳˣĶʶ
ɼǲʶҲܹ˾ж಻ǡ
ϾͲдţҳǡˣղǸҰһŮǶǽٶٲ, ڳȴû˸ȥǽ
ҰһҲƵĶһ
ղŹƵĸ첲͹ȥˣǵķ˦, ֱӽǸ޵Ůָҽǽ档
ߵѹǰҪ͵ĹƷǳˡ
ƽڵŵǼںɫὬС, ֻǹȸƵġ
ڳ˸û˸˾ֻǵĹȾƵġ
, ߡҰһε, ǲˡ
ˡſվһ, ŵ˵潫ԼǽϿ˳
Ϊֵľۼ, ƲûаԼͷϵĽǸ, Ǿô¶ūưЦƾǺþòô
ĸ㲻һճѪƽĻشš
ֱߵҰһ, Ұһڳūưӣ֮λ, ߾һֱԵһС, ҲûԸղЩֹʱʶİԵ, ռλõԵһЩվһ, ֪Լòûȥ¡
ԵһǰɡƶԵһ, ָԱߵλã
ԵһԭλãҲҰһֱߵǸλñռˡ
ûоԼСλʲôԣϾҰһԼĶԵһֻͽܶѣʱԹԵһ߾Ϳˡ
һҲֱߣ˻ǰŵġ
ԵһŶһ˼˹ֱߵλϡ
ڸղŹ˵ԵһԼֱʱұߵǸָϽŲλãѵط˳Եһ¡
ûôĵˡ
ղŵˡҰһȹ֮˵ԵһղŲҪ޳ˡ
ûбŵҲû޵Եһһգգ۾
ʦ˵ŵԼͱŵ˰ɡ
𣿡
Եһɵĵͷ
ǸƾȻĶԵһǸԵһλʶԼǸЩ벻Ҫʦ
ûȥǸùߵıҽǽ֣ղ𽥻ָøӻ
⻹Եһ1μơ
Ұʦż˵Ƶ飬Լûм֪ʦÿϻصʱ򣬶λƵһ
¹ϵǳܡ
ԼӦýʦ
Եһô˳
ʦ𣿡ôйƷЩˡ
Ȼ֪ҰһûнСôԼҲ˵Լ뵽ҪƺԼ
ɷϵǣƾԼõˡ
СǺܻῴɫģҲˡ
ƶŮ˺СһǳòҲǳСӺŮˣղǸŮִΪԵһֶ£ˣ˵ҰһͽܣͽܺͶǲġ
ϸ˵ҰһҲԵһһףҪĿڵĻҲǲС
ôһȹϵڣƾ㲻ϲԵһҲҪһЩġ˵ڶԵһĹ۸лͦãᣬһЩøС
Ȼһֱ죬Ŷ̸
Ǹ˵СλĹϵԷǳܣĹλߵĹϵҲ൱׽
Ȼʦ
˲ǡ
˻һ˲˵顣
ҰһһưʲôʱʼҪΪǵˡ
ʱܿҪˣϾͻῪʼ֪Լ̨£ūưǳϵ˳̨˵עȥ֪ԼҲںԵһ˵
ԵһüĬĬǱŲһ¡
ףµ޷Ǿô㣬û೤ʱūưͷһμĳƪۣȸлһ¸ԼǺ֯ȻȥлһԼμûй˳ū֯
ȻظлһҰһйˡ
ֻؽһҰһݣȴû˵Ƶ顣
Ƶʵ̫ˣһҰһھͿūӿ˵ǵԹ֮
һλ֯ɵū飬ū飬Ļȴ֯ūȺ֮
ֻǰλѣڱ˿ȴǸվ̨ġ
ЩūưǳͷۣҲЩԲҰһ
ҰһԴ˵νҲϣԼѵѪΪԼûңͬūưĴʽ
ÿ˵ǰ˷ʢʳﻹоƣƶЩʳȤȱȱֻǵһССڵĺţҰһϲԵЩǳȤÿһһ㡣
ЩԵһûʲôɡҰһʹơ
һ棬ǹ˽ĸһЩ
Ƕкôģĳ԰ɡƱһԼǰЩʳȻǼǰʳ˵ķʳǲһģҪӷʢһЩȻΪǵݺ˲ͬ
ҲûΪԴˬȷġ
ҪִͨһƬǲžòԾء
ϲЩԵ𣿡
͵ĳԵЩ̫һ΢е档
ҲкܶԵģֻͲҳԡ˵֮ǰƼԣ㿴ԭϾ;ܾˣ
Ұһȴ˹֮ǰĳԵģӡĻǸζ
Ϊȥ˵ӻе㡭ϰİɡ
ԵҲĳֵ衱
ҰһԼǰİɫ״ĿӶʱ첻ȥˣԷʱҪ˵ֶ
ֻڳʵ
ҲҪڳԷʱ˵ֶĵĻ⡣
ϷҰһϷ÷ǳĵĹƺһھƣܺõĻ˸ղŲˬ顣
ǸҽǽȥѾȥˣڲڳҪڵĻƶܿ϶Լ᲻һζȭ
ҪСĹ
ղ˵Ҳûж㿪Ҳ΢еȻҲϰܻҰһθڡ
ղųԵĶȻҲʲôֵ裬ͨĶӶѡ
Ұһ˿ӣŽһ£ֻͨĶƷѣйǱ߽ԡ
ƽˣҰһҲûθˣһ۹ƣߵԵһߣ˹ƺԵһ֮䣬ѹԼԭλȥҪԵһ˵̫ˡ
ĹΣյüȴҲû˵ʲôҰһղŵλϡ
обԵԵһ
Щ£
Ǵ˳ΪʲôҪԼڣ
Ա߿ŵӣûסס°ЦūưһʼûעǱߣӣЦΪʲôֵø˵¡
չȥ°ʹӣļϣʲô飬Ȼôˣ
ֻǾþǸ߸ϵ̸ҲԴ׷Ƣء
̸˭
ӣָָǱߵҰһ͹ƣ㿴ǲദĺܺ𣿡
ūưһ۾Ͳֱӣʲô̸ζҪٿˣ۾
˵ֻūưͲ֪ӣ̸ʱڱҲɢζ˲ֱӡ
Ƿ˵ˡ
ԺܹҵһԼϲ˹Ǿٺòˡӣ̾ȴȥ˯Ⱥš
ֻԵһһڳԶҰһ͹˴һ˵ĻۿɼܣסֻһǸһ˸Ҳȥ
ԭвҪʹϵֿӸͲǰ´ǡ
Сܵܣʲôѽû취˵ְԵһϣͼ߾ȹСҵôһڸС
ֻϧԵһǵҰһ̵Ļ
ֵ⣬㲻ֶʲô֡
Եһֻ̧ͷһֻ֣漴ּ


115 
Եһ̬ȲǺܺ, ȫûаЩַ
ȻЩָͲ֪ԵһǣֻΪҰһԵһ˵ҪȥԼ֡
ԵһЩǸղŵľٶǳ֣ڻԼ, ϶ĲԾû
ëķ˺ܺó, Եһһרĵ˷, ͲЩֵ֡
пϵ, úõ, ȱ˭ĴȶáŤͷ, Щȫ, ԵһһĳԷĻ, ԺЩûõķ˶ֱӶִ߾ͺˣǶס
ϸǵ˻治࣬ԭϵЩù飬ҪܣҲҪ˿ϲǹ, Թ⻰˵൱е
ҰһҲ˵ͷ
е̨, Եһܹǲᱻ۸ģֻҪ, ƲùԵһҪʲô
ԵһӦˡ
ȫûоǽ⣬ԱľòԾȴҲĵǡ
ϾǴ򲻹
ԭǿߵ
Եһڿ԰ĳԶ, ͶĻ, ԵһС, һҰһԴҡ
͵ĻȷõġԹ֮񡭡
ūư
ĺܴҰһƿ϶һǵģΪԼѻҪء
еһʱǴסˡ
ڽеεʱͻɾƹǵƴֳԭǿǵҲƾʴӣ˵Ǳ󣬾˵ôͷ
𽥿ʼʧء
ص𣿡ҰһҲЩˣʹƣƵ˵ͷСأ
Եһūסһǻס
ǻɡ
ū黹æ飬ԼǲҪ鷳ˡ
Ǻãȥ
ɣٳȥʦ첻㶼ôˣһûɡ˵㻹С𣿻Ҫʦ㡣
ԵһҰһҰһʵҲ֪Ϊʲôƻô˵ǹƼȻô˵ˣǿ϶ʲô鲻ǾͺٳҲǿԵġ
ǾͺɣԵһԼס𣿡
ô˵ˣԵһҲֻܼһ¡
˵ԼҲûа취֣ôһͷ뿪ˡ
Ұһ͹϶һһǸպ˾ƻڳŵʱѽĹȫˣԻ֮ٴҲõıסֽš
ȥϴˣȫǾζҰһص֮Ͱͷɢѵ֯ˣ˵ȥԵһʲô𣿵ʲôҪµ𡣡
ô˵Ҳǵ䣬һֱȫǸСϰɡƷֽȻ֪СҲһɡ
ôСһЩġ
ǸСʲôõģôʱͿˡ
ƺ˵Լȥ飬ûعԼʲô
ҲǸ࣬һǸ¶
ΪûиĸԱ˼̨ǵԼĸ׺ĸ˭Ҳ⣬ȷ˵ԼʱѾԶԼˡ
Ƚĸ֮ǰĸ׻ţĸ֮ҰһŵԵһԼҪҸöࡣ
ԼڳԴףҰһȴˡ
ҰһҲȥϴˣǰԴ׵Ļͺú˵㲻˵Ļô֪أ
¾ҪԷȥ˼ĲϷŵעʵ̫ˡдʣȻ϶һ𣬲ͶѪ϶Ķࡣ
ȻѾͷƾûбҪҴţĩϢȥϻҪۣǶôˣϵûһʵԵĽչѵż𣿡
ǸԵһСռ̫Ұһʱ;ˣԭǲģڶԵһĹעǲѾԼˣ
Ƶ׻ġ
ˣΪֹֻǣǣ֣׶û׹һʼҰһеܲˣһֱû˵¹ȥˣҰһ¡
Ұһ룬ȷô£Լȷ̫ʱ;ԵһϣΪԵһֻԼչˣԾ̲סĶһ㣬չһ㡣
ȷ´λעġҰһԼĴͷȴְֱԼ˻㻹´Σ
һıǼȫǹϴЩЩղϴľץסƺ󱳵Ĳϣûס۾Ȼأ
ĺӲŻ᷸ѵһ¾ͺˡ˵ʱŻ΢΢𶯣Ұһĸо𶯡
Ѿȥȴɿ֫ѪҺ

*
ڶϴ͵ʱ䣬ҰһûƽʱҰһѾȥˣﻹڷ˯
ͷڹƵĻֻ¶һףһͷںڵĳɢڱ棬ƴӴͷ˻һʱ䣬ְѱŻȥ۾ѻ˸һ㣬˯
Ұһѵʱ򣬹Ѿ𴲣ǰ洦Ұһ˸Ļָٶȱȳ˿Ķ࣬úõϢһϣʱתƣѹѾʧǸûƵĴӾµ·ƹȥϴ
һ
ñʸ棬ȥѸûõ˶˳
ȵҰһʱ򣬹Ѿеķ˶ˣ˼ҰһĿζһȽĲˣֻûҷ̫࣬
ҲûԣǵҰһ֮һ
Ϻá
硣
ô·ƶϰҰһɫС䣬ôͻȻֱƵ·еԴ徭ŵĩսĵF¶һССȺͽףϻúӴ˸ᡣ
ԭ·ڵЩȣԻһҰһһ£жȽϷ㡣
ԭ·ÿǺÿҪоҵĻĻЩ̫㡣
ҪԵһȥҪʼ̵϶ܴԭ·
οô·ҲҪһ¿ζˣܲһֱŲ͵·ħ˽ʱҲһֱͬһҲֻйƻرӰͬһֿʽͬһ͵·
ҵǾԭıȽϷ㣬ϲɡ
Ұһѵòŵķ˸ۣԴΪʲôȫǻɫϡ
Լģҿʲôû˵
һҪԵһȥǺϲô˿ţҲ֪ð͵ȥ
Ǹ̫鷳ˣҲ֪㵱ΪʲôҪӵ͸Ĺкܶ࣬ΪʲôҪѡһ࣬ʵ̫ˣһ˶Ҳġ
ƱǲԵһģֻԵһ̫СˣԼһ˴ܻЩΣգҵʵĵطҰһ϶кܳһʱᱻסŲֹҲᱻӰġ
ʵҲҪҪͨ˼ҵļ桭ûʲôõѡ
ūѾųˣΪѻԣǼȥĻпܻ˫鷳籾ǸõطԵһԸǱߴȥҲûа취ͺͷۡ
ɽأɽľӦúԸСġ
ʵƻһ󵨵뷨治иϲӵֽûʵڲа͵ȥɡ
Уô԰Եһ͵档Ұһһھܾ컹ȥһˣܻн취ģʵڲҾס
ΨСƵһ˵УϿɲôӦġ
ֻǴӦѴ󲿷עϣû˵Եһǰ죬Ұһǿʶ̫СˡʮԺͿԶˡ
Ǿǻꣿ
ҲкܾãֻҪһ뵽ʱҰһΪԵһͣܵȥЩꡣ
Сʲôõģ


116 
ҰһѡĵطǾһɽСׯ
紾, ӲĴҲǳĺѺá
Ҫǣͽһۼء
⻹ǹƸƼĵط, ˵طӦʲˣֻҪһԼ, Ҫ¶ڴͿԡ
ŹƸԼϿһ, ȷĿǰΪֹõѡ
Ϊȫͽ, Ҳһͽľסء
ոƽʱ, ֵ֩¾һЩ, ЩԼ뿪֮Ͱ, ߷֮Ǿ͸, ĹԼ
⼸䣬ȥ˻ûʲôˣͨͨģм˲ٺȥõġ
Ұһӵ˽Ⲣࡣº̫ˣֲƹеĹԶطûӡ, ȴƸ
ȻŷҰһ, ȴôɽ֮佻Ҳôȥ档
֪, ȴô罻
ڳںͳ⽻Ҫ·ģЩͨȻû, Ҳ֪ŷڲ֮ǰ, ֪νӳʲôӡ
ֻҪһֱȥ, Եһ15ʱͿ뿪ˡ
ΪһֱӵĴ
ӻһֱȥ
ֵõ˽Ұһ൱˵һڹƵ
ȻȴҲģֻǷŵԺٻ
ʱ仹ĺܣǸ̹Եһʮ꣬ʮͺãǸСͿԼһˣҰһġ
ԵһԼǲ֪Ϊʲôʦѡӣ뿪ѹֵ磬һ˭ʶǣѹĴӣѾˡ
һССİҰһǣ֣һҲһô۵ĺɫСFƽɢͷҲ˴βٹһѵȥһλķʿ
Ψһ⣬ܾǳöܺÿ
һǲѡ񴩵ĸһ㣬ҰһʵǲίԼô·ֻѡɫȽصģøһЩԵһǴʲôԣôԼѡԼϰ˵Ķ̴
ôǴӣʵЩֵġ
һǹһĳҵʿΪʲôĴӣ
Դǿʼŷλ֮󣬴ӸҲûгֹˣҲΪûǣǵҲòдѡ뿪ɽȥɽ³ס
ҲûлɹʲôģֻЩ֣ҪǴӽ޵ʿ
߽һǰòŰߵ˵Ժ֮ǲ֪˾Ȼǰסˡ
ǼѣֻʣҺҵĵܵˣϻʣһЩǮȴڳסֻˣʲôԵĻϣҿԶš
˵ʿִСĴүһȴûֱ˵Ϣ
ŵǸСһкӲô˵ֻǶԼֳĺĬĬĿǡ
һһСòϳˣֻǿž̲ס
֮˽֮ôÿסߣҲĿ
Դ˷ǳľͽ
ҲҰһڴ棬ȥɽµĳԼܵܡ
ΪʲôҰһһɽԻǲǺܺ
СĴүôܻԻأԼĵ㲻ˡ
Եһôڴס
ΪϵֳڼңԴµĴǻᾭԵһҰһڵʱ򻹻ʲôġ
ʱþˣҲͷҰһڽ̵Եһѧϰһѧϰҽ
ĻǲģϾҰһԵһʿҵĺӣ¼Ѿ֣Ϊʿҵ˿϶ҪѧϰģһԺܹ⸴ء
ҽһЩ벻
ڵҽɲʲôְҵ಻˵ױȥǼҴģһûҽԸģЩʿǣҽƲΪʲôѡҽأ
λҽĻҵĸ״ǰˣҷǳҽԲŻҪѧϰҽԵһ˵ģҲˣͬʱԵһеλҽҲ
Ǵûҽȴû
ԭΪŷλ
λӲǵĹƷᣬʼյıǣΪĴׯֻǲʹʴţڵӲŸԵñ
ֻǵĴģǴӺĴӲûʲôֱֻͬ
ڰ˰ĵ֮⣬вĪǴӷǳᶨļһҰ֮̽⣬Ĵÿ೤ʱͻ
ȻҲɲǴһôƽꡣ
λ׹ǵֶͨ죬ȻΪʹĥĲˡû϶Ϊλڱǣ
ȻǲôɽҲ֪طҲλ
ΪҰ̽ķǳ飬Ϊҽ񣬼еҽŷҲвˣΪҰ̽ĿԱ彡Ұ̽ġ
ǴȻûҽȴᾴеҽΪǹ׶һˡ
ֻҪͬǾһˣ
ǣԵһЩԼУԭ㹻ܵģڶЩԲ
ͬСʱʱǼԼ
д񲻱ϣĹҰһɲԼĺӸԵһһѧϰҽ
Ը⽫ҽȥȻǺõģҰһǳɴӦƽ̵һԵһҲǽ̵̣Ҳǽ̣һҲûʲô⣬ʡ¡
Եһ츳̬˹Ŀ֮⣬ĶҲǳƽҲ쳣٣ܿ͵ĺӸɲ˵ĳɾ͡
Լ˺ȻԼĵ
Ұһ֪ʱʵ˺ܳʱ䡣
ڿԵһʹóĻ֮ϽеʱŴԼļаڻֵ֮顣
̿ʮɵȷ˵֮ǴսʱģһʼҲ赸ǽС
ԵһʹõĽкͺǵԼѧϰĻֻ֣֮ҪеĽʱõ֦ԼһЩԼѧϰǸ赸ͺ
ûֺ֮ҲȷǲǹԵģΪֻǹϲҲڲʳࡣ
ɽҲֻ֣֮Ϊ˱֤İȫһЩ˵ֶʣµĶЩΣġ
µĽ磬ԼЩҲǡ
ֱ治Щȥ˾ǹɵģҲͲy޲Ҿû취ҵ
ΪԼ֪ɱ˹y޲ңҰһʱҲûرy޲ҡ
ڣġ
ԵһΪıһеҲ˵
ԵһǺΪʲôʦżôӵԼûʣֻȫ
ֱԵһʮ꣬õԼʮ
һĸƳɵֵ
ԵһѾʮˣɽȥˡҰһѵԵһԵһɽȥһy޲ҵˣһҪɱ


117 
y޲úˬ
ʱûй, ҲûҰ̽ģҰ̽ĳôҲԼ鷳, ûü꣬ƶԼ
Ҳ֪ǲΪӰ, y޲ҸͲȥǱ, ´, ԼҰ̽ĺ͹˴Сӡ
̫, ̫ˡ
Ƚùy޲ҿյ, ǸʲôɱӺҪطһ, Լ鷳, һֱƵץҲ㲻ǻܡ
ҪҪɴһݰѹɱӸȫԾʱֵµĹȴڲͣš
Ҫ֪ڵ˸ûк͹ԿʱЩʲôʦͳʦǹҲûа취, ΪǺͨĹǲͬ, Ҳʲô֣ǶֵֶζЩȫûô, ֻΪǵĿ
ĹҲ֣ĳ̶ֳ˵Ҳͬ, ֻҪy޲ҿסԼֵµ, ǾͲ, ల¡
y޲Ҳ̫Щһ޷ǵԻ·ֲô֣ԼûдⲢ۰
ҳǱƬҲʹģ
ڹy޲ôļ棬ԼģֻҰ̽ǸҽкҰ֮̽ôèĹơ
Ǹǿ󵽲࣬׵İԼڵĦԼֵԭֻΪҰһ
Ӱ
⼸һֱûдĵԼֻСĵģ̵ķչš
ȻûЩɱӵĻڵСӾ͹øˡ
y޲ҵȵڣŴԼլۡ׼ȥʳԼӡ
αװݣһλʿ
ʿݷǳߣҲǳУԼ첻ϳţҲгߵĵλ
עĻԳԵ̷ЩͨˣƮˣҪζԲŻԼլԺ
ǲǰòžսϴ׳٣ʣµĶŮ˻Сֻ͵ˡy޲תһᣬͱЩϵζѬ˻ȥ
˼ԼҪҪȥ
ǸУ˿϶ҪƫƧСҪ࣬óԵҲҪ࣬ҵԼҪҵˡ
ص棬̷ԼŮˮϺõŮҪûע⣬Ҫλ
y޲ЩģЩУŮζǿǿԣʤ޵ĽŮ˷䣬һֵֶ֮µĹǰѷ䴦ɾ
Ҫȥɡ
ѾûдȥıҪˡ
˵ɾ͸ɵĹy޲ҽԼʣµĲߣҹ뿪ǣԼϾҪˣ˳Լסʱ̫ˡ
ѳŮһλԵˡ
λӵĹѾãֻǾ鷳ǳֵûж֡뿪ҲҲԼԾͰѶϺܾõĺóԵĽ
ŮĳȻŭʦͳʦ֮Ƕ˵ⲢΪȴҲ˳пһеѡ
һԳΪ塣
ֹʳ˹ΪʳЩ˲ֻһϲ࣬Ǹϲϵ⣬Һ⣬ǳӦǻ
ȴôҲҲ
ֱһλԳΪɱӳԱʿǵĳ˵£֮ǲͷ
Ϊɵ˴ίк̤ǰ·
ȻǹɱʵǰéĶʿȴҲֻһˣһֻãϴģĹֻø߳ĽԿɱ˾ȵ
ڻƻ·ʱɽ˹
һʼֻһֻǸձûõĹɾԼſԽûнĶʿԼһ˿
û뵽ɽ沢ֻһֻֻڸ
ɱֻյĽɽֵ׽޷̫
ѻѾ˳ȥѰҾԮڵԼ͵ȲԮͻᱻЩɱ
縺šҵy޲ҵ
ҧϵ˿ɼǣȶѾ۶ϣҲɼţҲҪǸۡ
Ȼɿ֡
һԲεġĹ⿳˹Ĳӣһźɫ֯ӰҰ֮С
źɫɳǻһ·θȷǸꡣ
˻ӽĶһĻȻҹգԼչɢ
ǡ̫
ֻ֮û˺ӱǰѵϣ˵ϹĲûõģǻٸɾɵЩȻɹ̫һӲӿʼΪɻңȥˡ
𣿡Եһ𵶣ûҾˡ
飬Խӽ
һ£
ɸϽڽ˸סʲôأ
̹Եһ̹Եһش⣬ûߣҸ㴦һ˿ڡ
дҩԼҩĿڴȴԼҩΪղŵսѾ飬ûа취ˡ̹Եһ״ԼͳһССľᣬҲֻаƴ
Ŀż̹ԵһᣬͳԶֹĶ
һһ첲ľͷӣһһ˸ߵǸӵĶó˰ɫĲ͸Ĺ
ѵ·Եһѷ˿Լ̶ͷĶȫ˳Ϊɫ̫ó̫ܳĵơ˵磬ڿԼһҹ
ǲܵģⱲӶǲܵģֻܿӡ
ȻһͷʺţȴҲԹԵԼ£̹̹¶Լϰ
ԵһҰһĽ̵Լ˶Ȼ򿪵ơ
ԭѾֻܿǰһ״ʱ磬۾ŵƷ˺ݺݵľ̾
Եһ£ҩȻ˿ڣͳ˿ڣְϵȹ˹ʯ࣬ø̶ְȣվȡ
һײһͷˮ֪ʲô
˿ڿ߷֪ģȶ֮ҪֱĶ̶Ҳ֪
ΪʲôõĶֵֹģҳǵʱʱһҲۣ
ҹĶҲ棡
ˣҿˡԵһ˴˿ڣŵɵѸղŵЩȫֳװߡ
һ£ְס̧ҪߵԵһɵĻͷû˿˰ɡ
ǵģղõʲôأĺ棡Ϊʲôĵ˹ĲӹͲٻֱָˣ
һʺţһԵȫʳǰӦǲģԾֱȫʳ
ͨҽģΪҵĵʦ͵ġԵһ˻شʲôҲɱ𣿡
ԵģǹɱӵĳԱɵͷ벻ɱأʵôǿһ԰ƽġ
Ļ֪y޲𣿡ԵһʵʦҳҪɱһy޲ҵġ
һͼˣǵĿҲǹy޲ңҪҪǣ˶İһŬ֮һɱ޲ҵģ
Եһͷ𣿡
ǰ˵ʵȫǿɱy޲ңԼ򲻹ôĹy޲ң
ԵһҰһôʱ䣬ûдܹҰһԼʦжôǿȻȻģܹôǿʦǵڵĹy޲һǳǿʦԴ޲ߣԼһΪʦǽѣɱǸy޲ҡ
ǵģǵ˹أôһֱնɱ޲ңԸҲûйϵǻǻŬġˬʵЦѹģ
ðɣҼ롣
ô˵̹ԵһǱ˵ˣҼǣ
ԶԼԼĽɵ֣һ㶣Ͻĵط󺰣
ҪսĻǺܿͿҵطﾲĵģսٵĹɱӶԱֻԭʼķȷɵλá
ɻţʮ㣬Ӧûʲô£
ǸҽˣҵɣɵץץɫͷԹԵЦǰèͷӥͷζץס˼̹Եһߡ
˵ĺèͷӥ
ܿ죬ĽŲֻһˣѻ¸½е
һˮɫ֯ͷϻһƬҶû
ɵı齩סˣ˼̹ȻҪˣ
˿վһߵļ̹ԵһתС
ɵıеֲסˣԣҵľˣôô˵أ
Ŷһ
Сӣûд
ԵһҲ˵ͷûҲʮ꣬ûг꣬ǸСӡ

һųءget˸˼ԵһǺܶΪʲôɻûʦʮʱ˵ѾҪҳ
ʦŮ𣿡
Ƿǳԡ
ʦЩɻ󣬡ѵŮ𣿡
ǰеġ
ʮ̫ˡԲûҵص㣬ʮ껹̫Сˡ
ԵһΪȻҪʦţʮͱϳˡ
ʲôʦδҲ̫ˣҲתעһô죿
Եһ˹ƣߵϢֳһ㡣
Ҫռʦǲܵģ
֧ԼܣԲͬ⣡
ԵһֲܷϣƶԼʵͦõģڼƶԴ֮󡣿ôԱˣԵһˣʦţԼڱᵽƨɿǺпܵġ
ʦá
߰ɣǲǻʲôţԵһ˻⣬ٲ߾ҪˡԵһҪұ𣿡
ǰ£ɡ


118 
ɱˮһɱɽ, 뿪ɽ֮ӳĸо
ָɺ͸ˮһɡ
м̹ԵһҲǻᵣ, Ͼڴһְзϵ״̬һһµĹ, ڵ״̬϶Ǹ׸
ȥ˸һٻ, ǼԵһЩ, һ, ǱǹɱӰ˼, ΪǹɱӷǳΣ, ֮, ½һҲܵصˣʱҪˣЩΪ֧ǣͻ޳Ϊṩֱá
ЩٻҲǼȽǮģܹҽ, Щ˵ļҽһеġ
Եһеһƫ濴Լʦ
Ҳ֪ǲΪµ񶼳һ, ¹Ұ̽ò˫̳ĵȴҲ͸ڵĵزûʲô
Ҳز, ϴΰæͶֳ鲻, ħһ, Ҳ˵زͶ
ԭֻǵĵزͻȻ߶˵, ſɲһܹܵģöˣûʲôȵˡ
ʦ˵֮Ķ
ܼѾĿʲôģϲ᪴ߵĴ˵ȥ档
һʼԵһᾪȣľˡ
ʵ˵ܶǳˣڶڵ浣䣬ΪͨԵһȻѡڵǾͿ϶Ϊ䣬һֱڵй
ʦΪǵΣʦħµĵһ٣ȥŻ˾ȡ
˵ԼĸѾͷţʼԱͼΪһٵʱǼᶨԼԺҪΪľġ
ԺѸҲ浱ɡ
ԵһվҰ̽ķſڷٻҵЩ֣Ҳŷ𣿡
㲻ŷɣֻǺϲ
ȥĻҲûϵֻҪҰ˸еʾͺá
ԵһҲʲô뿪ʦȥԸ񣬵뿪ʦѾнµʱˣµʱɱ˺ֺܶͺܶĹżҲʦ
󲿷ֵʱ䶼æµģûʱ߰飬ڼʦĵԵһǴ
ôҾʹˡ
ȸˮһɵĳ˵ʱ򣬱֪ԵһȥΰҰ̽ˣʵ⡣
Ϊɸ˵λСҽǳڵҽ϶ŷҰ̽ġ
ˡ
ʲô𣿡ԵһʵǾõ˰ɣͳȥ
û¡ˮһɿϵҰ̽ĵ񣬡治˵ҰǳƯΪʲôôͨ
ʦȷƯԵһ϶ʮûмʦҪˡ
³Ĭ
ͷǳͨ״￴ǳÿģҲ֪ǲǴĵزһģһ
εʱ򿴵𣿡
ˮһɵ˼εʱ򿴵Ұ̽ĵ֪ʲô𣿿ڱ˼ͷǳ˷ŭˡ
˵һϵͽ
ڱˮһɴ˵ԵһΣԵһ
ϧԵһ͸ˮһ˵Ի·غˣǵģûεʱ򿴼ʦҡͷȻʮ֮ǰĸװҸĵģʮ֮ʦһ̵ֱңֱҳˡ
ˮһŶһ
ˡ
ٻҵȴȫţϾҰ̽񰡣ԭ࣬ҲӦѾȥԭˡ
ڸԭôܻľʹӸԭȻһӳ󰡣ʲôأ
Ҳ˵ԵһԼǳϣԲԼ顣
ͦõͦõġ
Եһ͸ˮһɴӹҰһķȥڵķ䡣
ٻҵҽڸɿϵ˿ڣ֮󷢳˲ǳĽۡ
ͬʱǳ˭ִִδţһһλո߳ߡ
ȻԵһˡ
Ӣ۳꣬Ӣ۳ꡣҽź˳ȥֻҪĵͺá
Ǿ鷳ˡ϶ǵлʱˡ
ȵ޹صԱȥɺˮһѯԵһûзڵĻҿԴȥ𣿡

ǹɱӵһλǳǵԣһֱǰУǵľɺˮһɶǳƳ磬Եһ˵ͷ⡣
ԵһˮһɲûٻҴ̫ãˣҪˣû˾ͲٻҴټͬ˼Եһ뿪ٻ̤֮ȥɱܲ·
ΪڹɱǴƵģ¹y޲ҵǴӪֱӳңɱӵܲĵַ¾ͻỻһΣ¹ҵǡ
֮ǰɱӵפظոոһΣˮһҲҲطֻѻ·
˽ų̶ǿ죬ˮһɵǸԵһһʱ·ҪϢһ¡
ҹҹʵΣգԵһԼǲҹ·ģǸˮһɵʵûа취Źһֻ˸ƾɵϢһ¡
Ȼ֮Եһŷָƾɵ羹ȻԼʦġ
粢󣬾·ߵһ䲻СӣӦѾϾɺܾˡ
ԵһĻҳǺĿȸˮһ˵ʲôóˮͰ鲼˷䡣
ˮһһԵһ֮ǰ˵ԼʦҰ̽ľˡ
Լʦӿ϶᲻˵ģûп˰ɣ˿϶Ҫɨһµ
ǸˮһҲһɨ
ȫûоԵһ˵ԼʦжôףľԵһ˵ġ
ϾˣոͽܺҲǲ
ˮһɺԵһ˴ҹŰʰãһ춼ڸ·ϵĴɨˮһ۵ֱ̱˵ذϣȺķ˳Ծͺˡ
Եһƿ˰ڷĹӣһڵķˡ
ˮһɣ
ģ
ʦ˵ɨܸˣԷ͸ˡԵһѷ˶˳ڸˮһǰ
˵滰ҰһþʱڳԷҰһֱӴһµķ˸ǡ
ԵһǾˮһɵļһﳤеԼʶǸ
˲ǸµڰɡҰһѵӵ·׷뿴ĺҲ⡣
Ͼ¿Ǹź͹ôٵĸˮһҲǸˡ
ˮһɾô޸ĽԵһ˵ǣڿԵһӾͳµıʱǺ޷Ӧ
ȻԵһĵӣıº֡
ɱָԸҰһΣصȥӰȥˡ
ֿʼˣǵĹֱҲΪʲôûȥԵһĹϵ
ĴҶڼӰ࣬Լ͵̫á
ˣôˣy޲ԹȥˡƳ극ߴҰһô̳ģİɡ
ǵԵһǵĹy޲ҡҰһ̾ԵһԼڵսûʲôӡ


119 
̹ԵһһʼͶԼսôһ˿֪
ֵĶԱǴҰһ͹, ˻ڼ̹ҵʱĶ࣬ʱ򡭡
ˡ
Ұһ͹ˣһǷר, һרһܰԵһƨɿ
ڹֵ´һֵ, ҲԼĺܲˡ
Ȼ֪ԼԱȵ, սѾﵽ컨ĳ̶ȡ
ܹӹ¼˻治, ôһ㹻Եһóȥ, ϧԵһ֪
ҲǿԵһ, ƺԵһ̬Ȳź˲١
ϧԵһҲ֪
ˮһѾڴɨ͸·˷̫ʱ, й, һнֱ˯ĵذϡ
һʼҪ˯Եһ棬ɫɫҲźĵ
ѵҰһ15յʱ͸ģ˵ǴӸԭմڳġ
ҰһħȥԭʱӸԭģΪ˻Ƿħһ顣
ԵһѵŲ, õѵ, Թѵķ֮Ҳ޷ѵˡ
̫ˡ
նֵʱ, ѵ¶ԷʵԼҪǿһЩ, ѵҲ˵޷Լ˿ϡ
ҰһȻԼͽȥ, ûʲôܾͰ˶ȥ, 䱸˿BUGʲôƽбԼܸṩܴӲѹˣⱾƣȻΪʲôã
ԵһʵǿڵõӲӳ֮ʵ˼Ǵﵽһµĳ̶ȡ
õ֮ȥūݷһūưūưŵʾ͸оѵĲϽߡ
ֶ˵ֱһĴڣʱⶫһ˵Լ
ūưЩۺԵһԵЩˡ
ūưҲʼҰһﵽжٺöԭʯŪ
ǶҪӵеôԼͽܡ
ûĽһҲûĽ
ֱɫԵһŽԼĵصʣӾͳ˽緹
Щ緹Ҳ֮ǰҰһŵģûи֮ǰѺڹ
Ʒǳ⣬ȻôΪʲôҪԳȥ׼⻹ʲôã
Ұһдʡ
ֻ׼˶ѲʲôϾΪʲôúõأ
ۼҪ˵ȥҰһͲԵһȥˣƸϽ졣
ʲôЦò׵ȵһ죬εԵһԳȥôܻΪıҰһҡڲģ
Լô겻ǰ׵𣿣
ǾԲ鷢ģ
ʵûиож۵ԵһҲôõģӦҪԼ֮⣬ҲȥһԼֳʲô
Լ뿪˼ң׿϶ֳϸҪпĥʵǷĲ¡
ԼôãԵĻܹӼ̹뿪ҲǿԵģ
Ȼ粻뿪ĻҲѡ
ѾǴķˮһŵ緹ζ֮ŴӦѾˣͲסҹʵ̫ϾûԵһ緹ζջˡ
ʦҵġ
ˮһɷǳȷԼûмνʦֻзǸ
Ȼֶġ
ˮһҲƤȥԷˣԵһûн⣬ù緹֮뿪֮ǰҰһǰڷˮ뿪
תתԵһȻֻص˾
֮ǰŴӾ뿪Ϊʲôֻص˾
ں޲ֱӶ֣ǹɱܲһֱÿ¾ͻ任ص㣬Ƚ϶ĵطһ㲻̫ҹԲŻѡ˱Ƚ϶ľ档ˮһɽһ£Եһ˵ı飬֮ǰ𣿡
֮ǰҵļҾߡ
ֻߵĲһͿԻؼˡ
ʦʦ϶ڼӦǻصȥˣǶתתȥ˰ֻصҸ
еֵͦġ
ڸŸˮһūưҸʱ
ԵһôֻˣţԵһЩĪǰ֮ǰѾȥôֻص˾
Եһ˵ͷߡ
ѣˮһɵķӦţķӦҪӾңԭҲûбᡣ
Ϊʲôô˵
Ϊ֮ǰ˵ҺᡣˮһɿЩҹȻûбᡣ
ղڸ˭˵ˮһɿſһ˵ĽֵЩãȻͷ𣿡
ǰԵһָţǰ治ȫ𣿡
ˮһɵı𽥾֣קԵһĸ첲ǰʲô˶ûа
ô˵ˣԵһһķӦ㲻֪ˣڸ˵
ǹɱӻֵܲĴӪԱߡ
Եһô˵ġ
ˮһɵıƵģĻû˵
ԼԭҲǿֵģǱ֮ſԿͨҲǿֵġ
ԼҪҪǣ
Եһû뵽ˮһɾȻܿ͵˹ȻΪʦܹҲɣ㣬̹
лл
ţԵһǸѹľûмţҰһҲ΢΢ϹߣŸˮһȥԱߣܲǲط
ɱӵܲͺūլۡһ
ô֪
治ǻٻ𣿡
ŶŶŶԭ
ˢŸˮһɵԵһɵľͽ˹ɱܲ
ūھӣɱʱӦöðطˡ
ūΪĹϽߣǾԲĵطɱģǹҲǻᱣ࣬ھࡣ
Ҳ֪ǲֱִ֪ӪڣŻѡط
һ涼ǳ
ܿͽӼԵһϵģȻҲűԵһ꣬˿󣬵ȴһ5ĺӡ
Ҳ˵ɱӵ13ʱԼĺӡ

Եһи̾
Ѿ˵ˣû뵽㾹Ȼôס
Ѿ15ꡣ
15ʱӶѾˡ̸۹Ļ⣬оԼʧˮһɣ°ɣлλ˵
ǡˮһɾһŴӷ뿪ֻʣԼԵһӣһλǳòŮŮˡ
λŮ˴ԵһƺЩš
Եһ𣿡Ů˷ǳţ֮ǰйԣҽҰ̽񽵣иȻλֻ˰¾ʧ˴ԡ
ٷٵŮһҶⷽϢȽͨҲ֪֮ǰ飬˶ôĺ䶯ҲᣬʱһѾ㹻˵ᷢǳһ䶯
ѵ˵Ѿˣ
ӣ
ӳƲϣֻһλͨĺӶѡô˵ȴҲѾԼӵݡ
ҪԼ䲻ƺ
ʦҰ̽𣿡
ǡ
ٷ˸жÿҪ޳ˣȻ֣ǮbݷǲҪһأ
ʦ˵ҵնɱ޲ҡԵһ˵ǣҲ֪֮ĶԹʲôҵĿֻ޲Ҷѡ
Լ̬Ⱦ㹻ˣٷ˲ϲǺ޲ҵĶԹҪ׽ˡ
ôûмǵ˵ĻҰһ²۵ֻ˵ɱ޲ңû˵ɱӡ
ô˵鰴ռȶĹδ
е˲̫ˬ
ĺ˷һ£ʧҲν
û㣬ԵһҲɱӵģνֻһľûʲôϵڻϰʱ䣬ҪѾ˷ƴҰһùңһλߵƽ
ҰһľԼԩԼû취ѹy޲ŪԼͽܹҲܡ
Ҫ޲ҾͲ㱻ŪҲһθһֱִҲûʲôҪȸʱͻˡ
ҰһԼĿ÷ǳΪ涼ǳ˳죬޲Ҷûôˡ
ղ˵ԵһɱǱȻʲô˼
ɱӵԼӱɱˡԼ࣬Ѿ޸˱ˣ㲻ˡ
ʲô϶Ҫصѡ񡣡Ұһſϣ϶иõѡ񡣡
һӵ̬Եһϲ˭Լѵ㻹Ҫ𣿡
ʵһĻо˭䲻ԵһˣԼѡɣݱݱ˻أҪҲݱݱ졣ҰһٹԵһĻ£
ɱΪԵһĵ˷ԵһĲֻһǿսĲ֣ǹɱǱӵģף϶ɱ޲ң
ԵһԼӣǡ
ʦĻΪʲôôǿأ
Եһںʿ֮ǼԼƲ⣬15ԵһѾԶͨˣɱӵ˳ս׵Ĵˡ
Ȼʵǿʱ˵ǿʱԵһȴǳķ˵ԼǿĻ
Ҳһͨˣǿ࣬һбҸǿ˳Խңνǿ޻̸֮
ͨʲôġˮһޱ²ۣ鷳ԼĶλһ֪š
ҲǣǸͨˡ
ͨ˵Ļʲô
Ƕͨˡ
ɱӵĶʿǣ
еһ
Ǵ򲻹ͺܷ
ڷŵԻ·ڳ֮󣬹ɱӵĶʿǾͷʲô⣬ѧϰ
ǾԵһܹսǷǳˣȻҪѧϰЩѣһѧϰɹǵսͻ˺͹ԿĿԡ
˵Եһ֮һĽһѰƷ
̫ʯԴ
ǹǾҵ˿ֵĿʯɱӵĶʿ䱸ֵ
Щֵ϶ԵһĵڿϹĲ֮󣬹Ҳǿֱɢõȵڶɹ̫ſԳ׽ս
ֵ˹ɱӶʿĴҲùʴӡ
y޲ڷԼֵµĹеʱɱѾչЩͷԵĵز
ɱӵЩһ﾿ô£
Ϊʲôսõô
ΪʲôǵĶɱˣ
Ϊʲôǻ赶ʱԴʲô
תְȥʦ𣿣


120 
ҰһѾ, Ͳһʼʱеעȫˡ
˵ڵæҪĺ, ɹΪǰĻԵ, ҲҪܵͳͷġ
ֻżԵһʱ, ŻþһԵһʲô
ֱĳһ, µĹ
⼸ΪԵһĹв, , ֮ǰЩëë, ƾҰһȽ, ǾͰҰһӰǵ˳
ǳ˶ʮ˵ĹӦѾҵǿ˰ɡҰһһ¾ļ¼
ַľҪͨ˵ľҪö࣬൱໵µĹǿ϶Ҫ밢ǵ
ڵĹy޲һûнֳʮºܳ˳ԵĶ໹ǳԵ٣ڹy޲Ƕһڻѡ֡
ڼ˹ɱʵըʽ֮, y޲ҲôһΣС
ֵµЩȥҹɱӵЩ̽, ֻͨ˼˵Ĺ֮ûУʮϵ, л֮ٶľܺ͹ɱӵıȽ˴ƽ֡
y޲ѾΣ, Ⲣ֡
ڿɲǰ, Ұ̽ڵ, Ұ̽ĹϵǳֻҲܾûˣõΪ˱ڵҲ
ԼҲˣֻҪȥͲᱻҵ
y޲ҶԼ쳣ģ¹ɱӵʵÿ춼ڷҲûоùɱӵЩ˿Զ谭
Ҳùɱӵõ˴Ϣʱ䡣
ӦģĶҲˣǰһԼΣȫȥԼÿҹڼҲᴳʳ˹Ȼ󱻳Ե
һʱĻ̻̣ɱӵˡôٸˣץ
y޲ҵεĺūע⡣
Եһȥɱӵʱ򻹸ǴкҲ֪ǸĹǳԾעһ²Ҫ
ūưҲӣСھѲߣǾпǵģͻ۲죬ǾͻᱨȥǾͷŹ
Ȼץ˲ٵĹ
ֻЩСǵ׻ûֱܷ˺ܶ˵ĸ߼Ǻ͹y޲ҲΣȴȫûϳy޲ҡ
ūļ룬ɨٶҪ࣬ھôĳİɱӵΪԼھҲרŶԹֵ֯
ȻԵһ֪
Եһ˵ڼҵū鲻ˣҲûж⣬־Ŀ־壬ͲԱߴ̫ãֻһʱͽеĶʿȫ˳ȥ
ԵһôȰûС
ū鸽Ƿǳȫģǹy޲ҲҪһԼܸܲյùūٶԹɱӶ֣ǸͲȰҹˡ
ԵһúܱǸ
ûϵ౾ͶӰūưĺܿӣֵ˲ء
ֻǹɱ뿪ūıӻǸʲôy޲ҿ϶Ҫˡ
Ҳ֪y޲ʲôӸҸ֣Ұ̽ǸְҲֺͨ͹ԶԿİҰһԹy޲ҵ̬Ҳǳ
־ܰȴֻԼͽܶ֡
ͺ֡
ʲôʲôġ
ԵһֻʵǿĹĲӣԼֳӹֵ¾˳
ָ֮˽ʮʱ䣬ԵһҲСӱٷ꣬ʮǰֳֿҲ˼У̳ĸ׵λãΪ˼̹ҵļ
ֳֳԵһǸˣѾΪձһʿ𣿡
ʤֻǾԵһڳԼ
ղԼ㱻ԵԵһ֮һ㽵٣Լȳ
ձһʿ
ǲԵһ
ʤԵһӰȴʲô˵᲻ǶԵһģʱּʱ򡭡ȴʲôʵĻ˵
ȥˣô㻹ĺ
ûУֻǰĿԵһȻлҪؼ𣿸ײأǻȥҲôˡ
ǸײأʤҲΪ̹ҵļͳµĽʿΪսϣһɥڴˡ
һҪؼҡͲˡԵһԼֳʶҪ׽ģʤȴʶĿ׽Լ̫ԵһЩίʤȥίͰ͵վһߡ
ôȥˣ
һֱڴѧϰҽȻɽ˹ɱӡԵһ仰ôľֳǲҲأɡ
ˣʤܾ£˻ûǣ֪ΪΣֻ˷ǡ
ΪԵһ뿪֮ԼҸȻõ˼̹Ҽλãڸײ֮󽫼̹ҷ˭֪̹ҵĹ˫ȫݿ㣬Ȣţһɰĺӡ
ʤΪԼͻôȤĹȥʵҲ룬һԵһô죿ԼҪҪԼһнԭӦԵһĶ
ļԵһ֮ʤЩ񶼲Ҫˡ
㲻ԸһؼҵĻҾȥѡʤ¶˾ģĵַңһȥһ¡ͻȥˡ
ֳҪһɱ𣿣Եһ󿴲βҡǹɱӺΣգֳô϶ѧȻΪģ

ǵġ
û˱ԵһˣԼ
ԼĿԳԽԵһ
ʤԵһԼĵַص˼ңӺͿɰĶӣ֪Լô졣
Ȼ¶˾ġ
ǰȥ˲صĸףԭӰĸҲֻܱ΢ڴϣֻű˲ܹ
ڸ׵⣬һҹ峿һ֮󣬼̹ʤûиκˣŽеһ񣬾뿪˼ҡ
ڱеֻԵһʤʱͷֻ
ֻһٶͳԵôˣĲԵһǣʻֻΪһѾڵˣҿ϶ǻµ֡
ɱɮ£Ϊݵɱ·ˣһ㹻°ǵˡ˵ħҲǻֱðȻɱôˣдȥǵҰɺܷһǧ꣡
ħɷǶǧ껻ʱأҰһϾᣬô˵ҲҵĵӵսƷʦģ϶Ҫúõдġ
֮ǰºwҲһģҰһҪ֮£밢ǵǧʱ䱻ʱ䡣
wóºڵģеͷ
ټϰǵرħԲָ棬ħܸɴľͬˣҰһҪƺҲǲͨڣħڿһ֮Ҳͬˡ
ʵԺĹǹy޲Щ󣬿ɲԶֵǰǵȥأµٻӶе
Ҫġħû취ֻ֤ܳŵ֮󿪻ʱһ£ƽҰһ᰸ȹʱ俪ʱ
Ҳ٣רſһֲҲǲС
ǸΪѴķֲûõģ
ֻδĹԵһûͱԵһɱˣʼһֱн׼ǵʱûзӦ
ʲôЦֻŭĴ󺰣ôԹԵľˡ
졣Ұһϲŵǹ߲ȴӳǧأֱҳȥڵϡ
ֲ֣ǵģҪġ
˵Ĺ˵ʲôȨԹԵȥǵȥǰҰһ磬ǵģǵĹy޲Ҵ˺ܿҪˡ
ưǲǰһˣħԼԼҰһϿ˹ƵӰӣʶ˸˱֧Ŀ־塣
ǴǷࡣƵͷļ
ˣҰ𣿣Ƶ˴˹ݱתҰˣǸм̹ʤˣҪҪȥˡ


121 
̹ʤͲ, 㲻ʮͷʮ꿪ʼսɳ˲ë, ټ׶ŭһ֮ǰۿɼٶ˥, Լ˵, ΪѾʮꡣ
ԵһԼ, ֤Լʤǿʱ, ԵһΪ̳˵ġ֮ɱ, Եһ, Զ֮⡣
ԵĻ, Լз磬Ҳ֮⡣
̹ʤûоԼʲô
ϾԼСʱҲԴԼġ
̹ʤ֪ԼĴһҹڶһ磬˹Լ֪֪ȥˡ
Ȼǲ֪ġ
Լ̱ڴ, 䶼ȥ, ֪ڵļȥأ
ڵļ̹ҲֲԼ˵
һƬģ̹ʤҲȥ, Լ˶೤ʱ䣬, ĸ졣
̹ʤڷ, ѹֵݶ, ԼѾȥʮӡ
ԼԼҲûңС檵ɹ˽ӶмˣֻЩ˽ӶԵһʤȲԼзֱ֮ȫˣʤеĵ·ʯ
ݱݱ֪ԼĶӳΪӦûῪİɡ
֮ǰ̹ʤô롣
ȻһӦóˡ
Ұҽ޴èվԺɣĿվ£塣
ԭԼѾˡ
ҰһվķſڣѾԼҪ˵ʵ
ʮ֮ǰǼңΪ֪ݱݱҪ𣿡
ݱ˸ӦϢҾ͹ˡҰһأȻ֪ߵģǾͲҪٵʱˣȵ˵Ӧûݱݱطɡ
ݱݱôõŮˣӦȥ
ΪѡڵˡҰһס˼̹ʤ󣬡㵱ҪץҵʵģܿͻݱݱˣҾûҪ˵˼ˣϾķ˷ǳ㣬ڵʮء
ԭӦñдݱݱˣΪĹ̷ԭҪʮĳͷֻҪʮͿԽ
ǰոսڽĵڶͿʼ׼׼֮ǰȥݱݱˣϹҪˡ
ݱݱ˾Ǵ˼ѪƵģ޲ھͳΪ䣬Ȼֽӹ̹ʤԼ
̹ʤ˲£Ӧûܳеʱ棬Ӧ㹻ݱݱӦƸɹΪħ䡣
һ˵ŮԵ䶼ȥںϵڸͥٻŮѡȥǰߣǼ̹ʤ̼ݱݱˣݱݱ˴һŮӣٵĳɳΪһĳŮˡ
ü̹ʤۡ
û뵽ݱݱҵĸ龹Ȼ̹ʤҰһô˵Ϊ𺳣ݱݱ˵ʱ򣬾ȻЩ𣺡̫ˣûôִǲڻûأ
ݱݱѾʮˣ;ôڣҲı䲻ѾȥʵҷȰ㻹ǲҪ˷ʱĺãϾôæܵ㣬ѾǿԵһˡ
ԵһԵһûӦû̳м̹ҵģʤǲһ㡣
ҰһЦЦԵһĿ϶ͷǳ㣬ʤҲûʲôȵģȻͬ˫ȷȫͬˣûбҪⷽȥ
ôܲȣ̹һҪ̳С
лλҪ̳𣿻ҪģҰһú˱ۣʤǸúӣͲ֪ʤж㡣
ֻһ㣬Եһȫͬģ
ˣ͡Ұһóһ첼˼̹ʤ棬Ҫ˵Ļȫ»˶档
С㣬Ҫһʬ𣿡
С˸Ҫ˰ɣʬ忴һҲóԣݱݱһʻۣϵеˡеǻһڽ̹ʤʬһڳ¡
̹ʤֻ޴è𳵵ʱе¡
ǽʬ˵֣ͨèл𳵳֣ڻΪĳ
ԼڡȻ𳵸Եˣ
ѵ˵ԼǰȻǸ
Ϊ佫ÿսʱ򶼻ɱˣսʼҲͼˣ϶µġ
Ӧ˵̹ʤҰһ֮ǰǲеġ
Բ֪ǸǣȴԼġǵ
̹ʤ˿ڿˮҰһקţȻ˻ŵľ峵ϣľ峵ûе壬𳵷һɲסҰһڻ𳵵ıϣﻹקż̹ʤֵӣһʼ̹ʤڻ𳵵ľϣڻ˻ķ֮ͱ˦˳ȥҪǻиקͱ˦ȥ
Ŵ͵Ĵţܿ;
𳵶˶ҰһľèܣҵˣҰͲҹŶ
ˡҰһлһʵèΪлġ
鷳ˡ
˵̹ʤڵ㹻ֱµȥΪ˸ݱݱ³Ϊʱ䣬ټҪ׼ȷжҪĸܷ̹꣬ʤҪгģߵ߻һ£̹ʤˡ
ݱݱ̵ʱԼӣǰŮСѩʵΪ˼ΪĹƷݱݱ˲Żᱻ̣ڼ̹ʤ֮ǰͷųΪˡ
ݱݱûѡͶ̥ѡڵȴ̹ʤĵ
֪̹ʤ϶ҪµģԼԼĶӵôңԼͲģһҪ󱨸С
ĻɣĳΪ䣬Ϊ֮󲻾˳Ľѵ̹ʤ
ҰĺæعĵһСҰŵһӣ鶼ҪԼȥ𣿡
ΪȽҵӵĸס
ŶŶŶԭСҰҲ˵Ұһ˸ͽܣΧż̹ʤһȦҾðɣⱲֵó޵ģܾӰҰʦɣһ붼Ĵأ
ͨĵ𣿡̹ʤЩըͷô˵ѵ˵˲ʲôˣ
̫ܡ
Ұ˾˹񰡣ͬƽʱˣйǺðСҰ²һ䣬Ұ̽İҰ̽ģ
̹ʤе졣
Ұһһļǩ֣ںȷ֮Ÿ½ļݸСҰ򣺡˵ʲôأ
˵񰡡СҰûбܻ䣬֮Űɡ
УҪ˵ˣĺ߳ܣֲڸԭҰһЩΣ˾ͽˣʵĹһ£ȥһݱݱˣӦ׼ԡҰһ˽СҰȥ
СҰѼ̹ʤ°˵㵱ץҰţ
̹ʤ˵
ô˵ҺҰҲǼͬ¹ϵˣҾҲ֣ƿ϶ҲҪֵġСҰ˷ǳԹ֮ƣԵ˼̹ʤŶȡֵľһ㣡̫磡


122 
̹ʤвͨһҪ, һΪǲҪоͿֱµ֣Ϊбݱݱˡ
ֻ̹ʤڶûݱݱ˾ʲôͣȻԺƭ˹
СҰǿúܿ, ʵҲû뵽㾹Ȼô죬ǻΪܻʮ, Ǹʲôšǧꣿô˵, û뵽Żô̵ʱѾˡ
̹ʤⲻʲôû

֪㷸ЩӦûȥǴл, Ҳ˵, пֱȥҰϽİǵ, Ǳ߿кö, ֪ûʶˡСҰǳڿ¶־ֵı顣
ʲô, ֻǾ÷ǳ档
ҰƢôãܰŭļ̹ʤʲôˣĳ档
СҰΪĸǷǳְģӹɣԸ⣬ڳ˹֮ʱ, һЩϵ顣
˵ŵʱСĵ, ͹ƽݣħǼΪħ˵, ȥѻŵĺи¡
ǲ߼ʲôԣֻǷǳʵİԼ뷨ȥ, ںܺܰҰһŭ, ҶץҰһļ̹ʤ
µ˾Բһ,
ֲûµ
̹ʤ͵˶Ǳȥʣµ·ҪԼˣֻعһֱ۲ֱȥعħǱߡ
֪ԼϹѾ˵ݱݱҲͼǿѧϰˣҰһǮȥһµʺְд·ȥԡ
Եǹơ
͹ֻһ֮Եż̵ʱڹƴ˵顣
ڹƵӡ󣬳Ұ˵İ֮⣬ֻʣһ
ὫľԵʱ϶ʮݱݱ˱PASSԺŬ׼
Ȼˡ
ͷŵӦƸһʮһµʱ䣬֮ͨ󣬼̹ʤŸոֵ
Ǽ̹ʤǱеӡһ𴲵ʱƾͶҰһ˵
һҹʱп˯춼ٲҪϰˣôһ˵ʱҲͷҲˣҹҲܣ۾ϽӴ
ǘС𣿡Ұһűʵ
š
·أҰһϵ·ܴҪƸøɾ·С㿴̹ʤһġ
Сˣϲ˵ѵĺˣǰѵ߶ܵ͡˫ش
ҲҰһ뿴Ļ֮һ
Ƹһɾ·ݹȥһҪȥħ٣н֮ٻ
֪뵽ʲôһôôá
ʲôôã
аŵħ
ôôż
㲻Լĳ˷ǳ𣿡
ʮꣿ
ȻأôƮƮķŹҿǵһ˺þá
˴æʰˣϰʱŸħ˵һ
ҰһİǵǶģȻħϽħٻֻ֣ѸһСᣬùܣ
ԼĳҪȥеħԼҪȥΧ۵ģҪԼҪҲȥ
ȥȥɣҲܾãȵħ֮ٿҲ١ħ˺͹һĸпʵҲܺ氡
϶Ҳ𣿡
İɣȥǵǿ϶ˣûҪȥڰǵأ
ǴԼɣҿɲܲе
ȻǣѾֺܶˡ
ħȫû
бԺǿĹỹǴضһ仰飬漸УҲοħֻҪħ߶ˣͲٸı䡣
ȻֱӽֹҲǿԵġ
ȥ֮ǰѾ͘С˵ˣ͘СҲ֪Ǹ̹ʤʵ˵ǵǸľСЬ
ҪǵƿܻôҪǵҰһ
һ·ߺ¡
ûкúóԷҪʳó𣿽Ĳɫǻ˾СǴкֺŮԴ۾ϴŵǸǴŵĺɫĺͷҲû˵ƣһͲԾط绹кܶ๤ӦûʱԷˡ
㹤ҲҪݽѽƴƽʱʵ̫ˣһҪע彡ŶԵĻȥһҲǿԵġ
˾ĹޱӦ
ܿ죬Ϊһߣ̹ʤѺ
֮ǰһµУ̹ʤѾֵףԼûʲôˡ
ǰҲǾѹ˵һתԼ˱ѹһҪûһ˿ǲܵġ
Լóɡ
ڿһ֪ʲôҰһʱľս
þò̹ûأҰһԼ⻭˻֣һᾡ㹻Ӱġ
ļ¼ĺʷƬ¼ġ
ԺȡԵһʤҲǼõġ
ûֹҰһֻҰһпٻһԺƻõϡ
ڼ̹ʤҪ˵ʱֹˣҪ˵
ҵģ
ŭŹԼӺͺӣ㽫ԼĶɱЩ𣿡
ûС
֮⣬㻹ûѵľʵ
μ̹ʤҡͷûС
Ѿƽȫдʲô¼ǰдһĻԡ
û𣿡
ǸĺӣͰ׵ĘСüëĺӻܵͷ
ƣ鷳ˡ
Ұһ¼ģʽ׼˼̹ʤ
һѽԼһͷļ̹ʤĸӵҵ棬Ȼֽ˸ߵľʯҵƵһˡ
϶ᱻʯͷһѹĳȴѹ˼̹ʤһߡ
ˣС㿴˭ߣѼ̹ʤץץСһѹԼϡ
Ұһ¼ģʽС㻹ǳĵѯҰһû׼á
Ұһ˸okơ
˵ѵĺˣ˵ѵĺҪܴƨһµĳͷ
Ҳ˱ʣԺ̹ʤԻҪǵһĻ
ݱݱ˻ʵϰԿ棬Ǿֻܸ¼ˡ
¼ҲԣԳʱ䱣棬Ժʱʱóع˲Ҳõġ
Сƨɵ˷
ܿ˶ٴΣ˱ƨɵܸ߳Ҳ塣
ƵıͣһЦ͵ŤϣҰһĹر¼ģʽ
˼ţ
ãӡƬҰһ
ȣǶ̬ĵһֱѾ˶ʮţȫ뱻̹ʤջٵĺʷ
㿴ϲţҰһƬչȥǰ̯ѡһϲģԼţʣµĶݱݱ͹ȥ
׼


123 
ƬƵջ䵽ݱݱ˵
ҰһƵıݺͼƬ, Ժãʣµȫݱݱˡ
ݱݱڼЩƵƬһ˲Ϳ˳Ҳ֪ϲΪʲôԭ
̫лˡݱݱ˸̾, ҾȻ֪ǰȻô¡
ѵص㲻ƨ𣿡
ݱݱסСҪ, ֻҪһҾͻ̲סЦ, ҵѾȫûˡ
ҰһЩ, 㿪ľͺ, ͵, Լſ, ԺԵһʤԸҲһ¡
϶ǿ, Ҫ֪ԼĸǸʲôˡݱݱǼƬϵıŤҪЦȴǿŲЦµŤ
֪ʲôʱܳΪ䣬ѾȲˣǲܹĥҲԺҸ
ܹͷݱݱȻ̷֪Ƕôʹ, ʮ, ̹ʤҪܵĿԶԶֹʮ꣬Լ, ԻܾúܾãڼȫԵȴ, Ǳȥ
ͨ, ͷڽ֮ǻת, ȻڸԸͥӣ˸֮⻹ҪһЩĹ˵˾ȥѲ֮ģ˽һѡְԱȥ浱䡣
һʼݱݱ˵ѡͲҪΪԶֳͷߵ䣬ڿʼʵϰ֮ҲԸµѡȥ湤
һִתְˣ̳Ӱݱݱ˲һм̹ʤں涽ԼñãԳԽԭӵԼ
Ǹ⣬ݱݱ˾Ȼѵħ档
˻ǳ棬ôҪħ
ΪҵɷˣҪħءݱݱ˽һ£ҪΪ䣬ҲΪҵɷѽ
һܹħе˶ȷԺ󲻻ȥµģҺп񼫣Żᱻϵħ
϶˺ܶ񼫵顣
Լ˽ǳ۵ݱݱ˵ļ򣺡ʱˡ
ûϵֻҪòãҾˡݱݱʹŹ˵ǣ˵⻰ʱӵס죬סԼǡ
һ˶ˣεһ졣
ôܲۿأ
ݱݱӹҪѺͷ˵ĹһһѾת˵ԱһʼǸԱЩݱݱ˲ǸŮӣѹסЩԣڿһ΢ЦһŤЩߵݱݱ֮ͷǳµı졣
ŮĲǡ
ܹӦƸɱΧŮԡ
ˡ˵ɷĻӦһԱ֮ٹ
ΪħϲĥߴԸÿһҪеķ˶ҪϺܾãйԱҲûа취ǹʵǲͷ˲Żߴ٣Ҳ͵Ŷӵļ̹ʤҪܽС
ݱݱ˴ϿʼͷǳĿܣûԼȥס棬һͬסŮѾ֪ɷҪУ쿪ʼһֱڸ͹ľ
ǿ̹ʤЩ鼸ǲˡġ
ݱݱˣ̹ʤԼ޷ܡ
ǾͲУǵĺӾ͸ˣ
ӦȥǵܾĥУ
ݱݱ˴ûиоÿÿ붼͹ϼ忾òװϢʱ䣬ڵȵ翪ʼϰࡣ
ʱʮ꣬һμ˼̹ʤ
ǰ4У̹ʤѾϰڿ֮ͥǰѺȥ
ҲҰһĿе֪Լӻڵȫû뵽ԼȻ¼Լӡ
ݱݱ
̹ˡݱݱ˶˸񣬡òˣ֪ʱô
ڳЦ𣿡
ûУֻÿѯʶѣòҲͿˡ
ڵȴе¶㤣ȫû뵽Ů˾Ȼ˵ֻ
˵ʵеЦ
ԼӳΪ䣬ѹԼɷȥС
̫ˡ
ֻأĹ˭
еĲһǲϱУвŮˡ
Ҫ֪Ů˲˽Ů˵ģǿ϶֪Ů˿϶˺ܶŻԼɷôԹ
Ҫʱˣħ͹ƴǻڵءһǸߴһץʱ䡣
ǳǸ
ݱݱ˺˼̹ʤݱݱĽСȴԽĸߴļ̹ʤ׵̧
֮ݱݱ˵˺ܶ࣬ԭûù֮صĶȴרõͷߡ
̹ʤԭѲСݱݱˣֻܱӲϵħϡ
ȵħ̹ʤͲˣΪ֪ǻᱻͷġ
ڴƨɡ
ôΪʲôһֱѵǶϰࣿ
ħĸ٣ҹĳƤ̧̧˵ʲôְȨֻŵķݡ
̹ʤԸоݱݱ˼Լú޲ֱӰĸ첲жϣְȨ
̧ۿһۡ
ˣҪ˷ʱˣǵʱܱûôʱ˷ϡ˾ᣬΪͳһжħҪҪһЩҲϣֻħûм̹ʤôͰͷӡ
ڹ˵ʱħûֹǵ˵֮ſڡ
кܴĻȨ
ħеʱۺж£ǰ漸ͥᵥжĳһУǰľĿǰΪֹȫģĺºͻ¡
ԣ̹ʤĻ൱ࡣ
ƴ򿪾ᣬһһż̹ʤӳУ˽20Ӷû֪̹꣬ʤô꾿˶ŭԹ¡
ôô࡭кܶԼǵˣкɻЩα֤ݡ
кܶҶûⶼĪе̹ʤǰѾԼһֵ״֪ԼȻôࡣ
¼ʱὫǵкƾٷֱ¼͸ҲǷǸһֵļ¼ֻħͺ渺еġ
¼ӳڵ飬㲻ĻǾԼһ°ɡ
Ϊ˶ڵģԲ鿴ǰ飬˿١
˾ռ¼Ƶľдʱҵ˶Ӧʱ㣬Ȼż̹ʤ沥š
˵ȷǼ̹ʤҲȷ¡
ôܡ
ҲҪһ𣿡ΪħٶȻҪҲΪϸƶȣŶžһЩˣӡ
ûеȼ̹ʤ˵ʲôָʣµļ˵ûеƬΣֱʵ˵ġ
Щ֮㻹𣿡ʵûеĻôоͿԽˡ
˵ϵĻ
̹ʤнǣȵϮ䣬һȣ밢ǵǧ꣡
Ϯ䣿Ϯ䣿
Ŷ೤ʱˣһʮ֮ǰļ¼
ĻҰһһ˶˼̹ҵʿЩʿһ뿪
ֻʵû취˾ܶҰһʲô˺
²ûжʲô˺ΪǴģԸڡ
ϲ㰡̹ˡݱݱо˵Ц˳ѾԼδĹص㣬ȥǵ
ǵȻкܶĳӣԼ϶Կ˷ġ
ȥ̫ɽֱӴ밢ǵͺáļ̹ʤĹ;ʱֲõĻǻӳڣϮܸǻó
вһ飬ݱݱ˺һѼ̹ʤϳȥ
ðҺܿͻȥġݱݱһһ˵úܾþͻˡ
ʱ˵̫ˣֻǧеѣԼģһȥǵҼ̹ʤ
ڵȴǰһߴʱħûס²һ£߲ͨûʲô𰡡
̷ȴ˲١
ֻҪλ˼һ£Ҫץӡ
ҶˣħֻҪһ뵽ԼɰԼûпĵطץߣûгɹҲ˻°ǵó
ħˣ
ǧڻе̣ҪҪټϼǧꣿ
ݱݱ˵ĻӦҪȥǵģ֮ȥ
ȥνֻҪԼĸоͿԡ˵ҪΪ̹ʢڰǵش˱ˡ
Ҫǰ˵õġ
ôġ
Ҫǰ˵òУ֮ǰеĴҲ١
ܹͨݱݱȥǵѾһ棬ܻʡ¸еֱȥǵⲻΥƽЩĵߡ
ߺſԣôĿŵߺǿ϶ԵģеĹػҪС
ݱݱߵѾһ䣬Ұһòĵľֻʣ˻޲ҺʤԵһǣҰһþһʤԵһȴԭֿڴһһ˹ɱӡ
ϵҰһûرע
ĹҲıһʼһֻмɺÿ춼СЩӳ˺üˣǧˣֻ˼ˡ
˵ֻ˼˵ĻӦòȥǵģͲסеĹȥǵȫȥǵԼǰȥˡ
ڰǵЩҲϲĸҰһ˵߶࣬ǶԻζˡ
ڵЩӺͶһЩʳݶ֮⣬ǻ϶ԼĿڸ֮
ǿʳߣ߻ڵĹ֮»ָ壬ܶʼһֱɰǧꡣ
һֱֻͨ࣬Щǳôһζʳֻһζ϶Ǹ˵ģֻǲ̫ٻ浽ܣЩҰٻʳ˻ҪֲſھܰȫԵ
Ұһ̵ƨȥǵЩˣˣy޲һĵĵطµģõٻ԰߲̾з̾Ҳᵥһ֪˶ףҰһޡ
ǸʲôȻҰһǺôã
ҰһҲȫûбܻ䣬ڴЩǵʱǳԺĸǽԼƷ͸һЩ̾ʹ֮ǻʲôӡ
ڹy޲֮ǰǻЩ̾ߵĵһʹߡ
ÿֲ
ǵ
ڼʶǿ֮⣬Щ˿ǵϴ޲ԺЩ̾ߵ;һǾͺµûֱð亹߶߲ˣ˵ϳˡ
Ϊʲôô£Ұһɻʵڳ˵ʱҲûпǹǳԵ˵ĸ𣿲úµġ
˾ûԾûзԼ˵˶ôֲĻ𣿣
Ȼ밢ǵ˺ܶ࣬ڶҵ׹䣬ڻûеǵ档ڵкܶ̾߶ûãǲһǲñҵգԿǰʹЩ̾ߣЩ̾Ѿ⣬ЩˣǲҪ̫⡣
Ϊָԭ򣬰ǵֲ˷ǳٻЩһŵЩٻζͺ޲ܵԶԶġ
Ұһûи뿪ĻᣬֱץǰǶٻ档
ǹϲٻҿѰǵٻأúõܣҪ̫лŶ
ЩҲͷһ֪ԼȻٻЩƯĻɢһȳζǵٻ֮Ҳһʴˣǵֺܺãʴֻ֮³á
ǵ
ⲻ֪ڰǵǣҰһӣҲǺµƨҷһ
ǰҰһȻżһ£ֻǺٺٵ¡
ЩʱҰһͻһˣЦе˵ëȻĻҲȫ׺Ϊ
ֻʱֵòһ
ڴѽҰһеĹƬٻΧ̳֮̾һ˵ôʱ䣬ҶҪȲˡ
ʵǹ̫죬Ұһûôù˶೤ʱ䣬ӭ벻ˡ
ǹɱӵĵԵһľ»30꣬ȴûֵܵù䣬˵
ӦȥģععҰһ
ϣԼһҰһȻԻ
ȻСҰǵҰһˡ
ңҰһһ£ʲô
֪أͽܵϰ壬ӦʲôҪ㡣


124 
һֱع˵Ҫ˭˭˭عù, ֱǸˣͲסݷҰӵϰ塣
ҪҰһȻСҰعǡ
ҰһСҰӰǵع, ѾװĲݷվм䣬ȴҰһĵ
˵, ݷٵɲǺܺ, ǲݷҵǿ, , Ҳɾǡ
ݷҰһǶع˸, عӦ֮ת˲ݷǰ
񵱳̾ҵĻһ, Ұһֿʼ̾ݷҵĻˡ
ǰλݷ󳤵úԼʶǸݷҫһ, ֻĳͬʺʹҲȫͬģֱܷ˾ﲻһ
ʲô£ʵԵȵħʱҵġ
ݷˣȫģֻ˵Ҫڵ
ӦòҰɣҹƲǸ𣿡
ǡǸ̹Եһͽô
ֲʶ, ȻҪˡ
СҰЦ, ʵ˵ҹƵģ֪˭, ûͬ⡣
Ŷһ˵, ʲô𣿡
ݷٱ˵Щʲô, ع, ݷҲǺܺÿڡ
ڹɱӵĴҡ󡭡ڵ𣿡
ҰһһععεŲߡ
عˣ鷳ȸݷٶϰ֮һԼġ
ҰһڹڹϷǳ飬Ϊ˹y޲⿪һµĵΪ˸y޲һֵĶ׼˲ٱٻ
ԼĵӣѧϰһȥԹy޲ңȴɱӵĲݷٿԼԹҪЮ
ҰһͲⲿֵȥħɻʱǸǴ֣ӴЩ顣
һΪ˱ӣһǵΪǸʮָԵˣΪԶĴǼŭ
˻һߣȴʺ˽ߡ
˵Լ͹y޲ҵĶԹԼ飬ȫûбҪˣħ͹ƲѾ˲֡
̹˵Щ
ݷ֪ԼЩΪˣѾˣֲȥԼĺ˵ԺµǵòҪȥֻܰеϵǲϤҰһ
ݷǳ˸ˮһ֮ΨһһҰһڵˣż̹ԵһǸӲѣ˶ΪǼ̹ԵһҵĽڣ˵ŵʵż̹Եһ˵Լиʦ¡
ˣѯʹ֮Ҳõ˿϶Ĵ𰸡
Ұ̽ĵȷڵġ
֪ΪʲôҰ̽Ļڵ
̽ԵǴԼȥҰ̽ģԼȻҲˡ
ݷЩϲȴֽŵĲС
عû£ֱԼ£Ȼļһߣһ͵ħ߹˲üС
ҰһڻϰУ뿪λ̫ãҰһ԰˰ǵ
ԽǵߣΧ¶ȾԽߣعǱߵ¶ֻвʮȣȵ˰ǵʱ¶ѾʮˣȵĲݷٻðǰҰһôȵĻ¾Ȼȫûгһͷȵ㷢Ҳɢţֻǿž;ȵĲС
ǵܲڰǵ߲࣬󲿷ֶǹͶֲ
ֲ
Ұһָ߳ŰǵԶһСɫĵ㣺ǱıٻͷǳٻҸٻƷ֮󣬶ڹ˺͸ˡûдݷȥǵĵĵطڰǵ̳Χ˾
ǰǵҲҵһĵط︽˶ʶҰһҰһĺЩ˴кȻѯʲݷټɿڵĶˣ³ԻֲһˣǰûгԹĶɡ
ݷԵһĵ֮ºĻʮֻ꣬ϲ˵ĶֻܺҩһЩֵֹˮЩѾ˿ʮ꣬ȻԳˣЩӦ
ǺܾûгԹֶء
֮ͻᷢʵ彡ʲôĸͲʲô⣬ҪԼҪ˾ƴ̣ҰһҲǫʲôģֱͷʼ
ݷٿҰһô˵ˣҲǵԵһιԼ
óԡ
ʱһγԵ׷ĲݷٸжĿҪ޳ˣ֪жûгԵֹˣȵһΪֵĶζЩģȥĪˬ졣
֪Լ˸͵Ĳݷٷǳһٷʵҽ鷳˰ɡ
֪ͺáҰһûзϣұûʲôֻǳϵصˣеȻԵһʦʵ͵˱ʲôǡ
ݷپ˸ʮȵĹǸ
ˣԶˣҲˣ㻹Ҫʲô˵ɣȻҲһܰ㡣
ϣɱӵĴҡڵ
Լ˵ֲ
ֻҽӴǡ
ǾŬӦƸ䣬һһλõġҰһȣҪϰ˲˴򹤣
ĻҰһǿݷˡ
ͨҲӦƸ𣿡ݷ⻰Щ⣺һΪҪʲô
䱾¼ȡҲʲôϾ֮ﶼԳΪ䣬ǿҲ̫ɱһЩڵħĸ֮ǰūŶһ֮֮ϡҪǵ񶼲ôˣҲֵСɻǲݷҵˣҪڶʱڽӦûʲô⣬ְԱٵġ
Ұһְæݱݱ˵ΪݱݱԵһĸףݷҼݵȷҰһȴԲְæ
ˣһһ¸㰲Ÿطס֮ҪʲôͿԼˣЩҪҪڵҪԼԸ˶ѾˡȥҲûʲôá
ҰһһڣǮˡ
֮ͺˣԼΪʲôҪһ٣ڳ粻ûа취͹ȥʳóԷˣʱƿ϶Ҫ߶߶ģҳԷɴס
ݷڵл֮˼ˣ֮ҪôȫԼ
ҰһΪЩɱӵĶʿҪüͲŻû뵽ûãȻ½½Ķˡ
ǱɱϾϻǱ͸֧һ㡣
оЩжعǱƵħһãⶼŴһ֡
Ǹʲôɱӵģ
ưЩ˵ƽȫ̯Щ˳˸ĸ˫ֵܽö֮⣬һ˹ɱӣԵһѧϰ˺˰ơ
ʱҲͬ
һڶʮ꣬һഺ׳ʱ
㣬ԵһҲѾʮˣܾҪˣȥһݱᣬݱȴ˵ԵһкܳһʱŻ϶ġ
˹ˡ
ǲʲôʱϾԵһһô˵ԵһҲҰһͽܡ
ֻҪǱɱǱݺνҰһĻشϣ˻ӦǸʲô͸֧ɣϾ˶Եһ
һҪǶԹy޲ҿôͺˡ
ˣһy޲ǻ쵰;
ʱȥһһ¹y޲ҷйһˡ
y޲ǲһġҰһЩ˵ϣʤǲҲԵһѧ˺ţҲ˰š
Ұһ磬ӴȥħѾˣ򿪾ᳵ·ҵԵһӰ
ԵһûкĽʿһ𣬷һС档
ץ𣿡
Ұһھǰ૵̧ۿһ۾Ҳ˹
ûãԵһǰͳˡ
һλĺڷŮӣһλǹƸղŻŵĹy޲ҡ


125 
ǡy޲ңߵǸ˭Ұһ, һֱûҵû뵽Ȼ˸ӽ𣿡
ӦòӰɡǸŮǺ¹y޲ҵģվ˵, Եһ񣬷ǽѡ
ϣԵһɱԼȻɽô
Ҳ, Ͼy޲ֶҲû˻ϲҰһܿҲӦ˹, ȥԵһΧԵһ޲֮, ѡ˿Լͽܱ޲ҡ
ԵһԼԼսûʲô, Ұһ֪, y޲ҹȻǿ, Եһȹy޲Ҫǿ, ǿѾͨԱˡ
Եһڼy޲ҵʱˣǰˣԼӦôܵˡ
˵ԼҪɱĹ
ǹy޲ҰɡԵһǰס˹y޲Һ·
̹Եһ̵ЩСѧ𣿡y޲Ҳϳ˼̹Եһ
ԼĹ￴˹ڼ̹ԵһòƳôһӡ
y޲Ҳûаϡ
, ҪһĽʿǷǳѵ, Ҫʮ֮꣬һķ֮һʱѵ֮ܳɳΪɱǿʿ
ڹɱӿɱĽʿжأ
, ǳ١
Ѿɱ˺ܶǿĽʿˣЩ˰, ԽĽʿȵʮʱ, ʲôҲ, Щ˾ͻ
¼̹Եһʮ껹нʱ䣬ֻҪǶʱͻЩʿ
޽ġ
ҵɽʱʦ˵֮⣬ҪɱһˡԵһγ˵
ĵҹɢȵĺɫĹ⡣
ԵһĵǶһ޶ģϽԼһӵĵ
ʦ޲һ
ҵʦһλҰ̽ĵˡ
Ұ̽ģ
y޲ɫ䣬˲ˣҲ˲÷źݻתҪܡ
Եһû뵽y޲ҰһֵʱȻ־ٶ
Ϊʦôõ˻һηսˣû뵽Ȼʦ־ܵˣ
бŷϣĹâ˺ԼֱۣһģԵζ˿ɢȻӿԼеһץס˹y޲ҵĸ첲ͼԼȫֹǹy޲ҵĶ
ѪԣζԵһȫûãֻõʵһ˳Źy޲ܵķ׷ٶȥ
ڱסy޲ҵĸ첲һ˲䣬ͱy޲նϣֻǵô̶̵һ룬㹻Եһ׷ȥ
Եһʵ㹻ǿ
ɽ֮ûڶ˽̵ɱӵĶʿ֮⣬ȥūȥūưæѵ
ô˵ūưҲǻ˺üˣʵȻȲϹBUGǿߣǽô˵Ҳٮٮˣ̵һԵһɣ
y޲Ҵ˵ϸов
һ־ΥģǵĿֲ
Ŀֲֻϸܹ
Ұ̽׵ĽɱĹҲɻҳʧ
y޲һڶοԼôڼ˵ͽܵʱ򣬹y޲ȴֽԼˡ
ΪԵһࡣ
ԼΪʲôûע⵽ˣΪʲôԼĴԵʱȻ᲻Ϊ⣬ֻǾһͨ˶ѡ
ֻһͨˣ
ޣ
һ̬˶ƲϵļһԼܲĻ϶ᱻɱġ
ԵһʦĽɱǳĹԼɱ˶١
С
ԭԼҪɱy޲ҵĶֻΪʦڣȴôˡ
ֳµ˲ҲãϮͬҲá
ɱӵĴΪʲôɱӣ˿֮⣬ĻΪԼ˱ԵˣʧȥˣûѣбԲŻɱѧϰȻնɱ
ΪնɱȥҲкܶûɱȴɱ
һеԴͷǹy޲ҡ
Щ˱ӦģΪy޲ңϾͲô౾Ӧóֵı磬
ڼı֮Եһľĵظıˡ
ϣԼöôǿҲսһôֵ飬սϣԼ԰ȵģΪһͨȥõĲΣҲõĵԼʲôʱȥԼԵһͨҽԼֳĸףԼʦΪͨȥ
ɱy޲֮ǰԼעʵ֡
ԣԼһҪɱy޲ң
ҹĺâ繴£ȫӳĵֻʣºɫĲӰһĽ⽫y޲ҵ·Կy޲ҵڲȻҲԿĹ졣
ͨ˵ֻһԺһ࣬ǹy޲ҵ棬ȴ߸ԡ
Եһڿε֮󣬾Ȼһ£߸Իʲôӡ
߰룬Ľȴûͣ٣˼žҹգҲ˹y޲ұҪӲƤ
y޲ҾƵģϵƤѪ罦˳Եһ׼ģǹy޲ҵ߸ԣӳµÿһǳŹy޲ҵȥʹ֮⣬Եһ׼Ĳӡ
ʹy޲ұͱ࣬Աֳ룬ͷӲϷֿû
y޲Ҵûһ侲
ڳΪ֮ѾٻôǱҲǵһõһС
Ա
ȻһԼӲǾԼ㹻СĴСȻӳȥ
̹ԵһվǸ࣬һ˲ӳϰٵôԼͷѳǧ飬԰Լס
ֻҪһӳȥԼͿӳ졣
ʱȫ̫ˣҰ̽ǸļһѾôãΪʲôͻȻһͽԼ鷳
̫ˣ
ҪԱ䶯ŻָҪˣ
y޲ҵһ
һͿգۼǵԭЦԵһϣóԼӿʼѧϰ֮ٶȡ
ǻǲУ
һ˲䣬Եһӳһǧٵy޲Ҵն䵶£ʵվǲһУy޲ҷѵĸ죬ûбеѪɣһ̵ɢӣԵһҲûа취Լһȥ׷y޲ңıy޲Ҹܵ
״ſ
û𡭡ſڵĴŵأˣΪʲôˣ
ԵһӦɱֻģǿӣĲ˵ΪʲôҪ޲
ҵ˲ȴ뿪ҵĶӺɷǱ㱻ƭΪ˹ɳΪ֮ʧȥǳԵҵɷͶӡ˵Ҳ̲סˣɱҰɣҳҵɷͶӣѾûȥˣµɡ
Եһ֪ôοֻһʼѡ
һⶼˣԵһѵиˡ
ڵԵһȴձڵнʿҪǿ󣬹y޲һܵҲΪʵ̫Ҫ
Ұһ˾ң
УҲȥҹy޲ң


126 
Եһ뿪Ƭ֮յԼʦż
ԵһһκҰһϵѾȥ˽һ, ʱ֪ԼʦʲôҲ֪Լĸô
ڿҰһ˵ؼҵʱ֪, Լղź͹y޲Ҵʱ϶Ǳʦˡ
ʦȻһֱעԼģ
Եһŵҹص˴ӡ
ܸɾ, ûס, 컹û, ӻĵ, ֻǼҵӴš
ʦѾˡ
Եһƿ, ˵̸, Ұһſ, 糾͵ԵһЩִ٣ʦһˡ
ˣɡҰһָָߵ棬Ʒ¾ƱԱŲŲ, Եһ˸λá
ʦ֪𣿡
֪ʲô
ǹy޲ҵ顭
, ֪ˡԵһ˵ͷÿ˳ֱֳ
ֱֳʲô
ֳ˼, ǲ֪ʲôֱҰһһ, ֳۿ˼
ŶԵһ, 
ʲôƺһ, ޲ô㾹Ȼܰˣǰܵѵι˹𣿡
Եһû˵ˡ
ȷǾԼûа޲ҸԼĴûɱֻ
ԸоʵǸù
˵˻˺ϵ
޲ƿصѰɱ޲ңоùҩԼʱѰ޲ҵټ
ȻԹy޲ҵԸڱԵһƬƬ֮ͻԵһ֮ٳ
˰ƵĽʿܻ
ԵһѾŬˡҰһƻ˵ʲôy޲ʵ̫ˣսʽСıҲ޿κΣֻҪ´עͺá
ȥϢһ£ŹƼСҰһ˵ɱǱˣӦûҰɡ
Ѿ֪𣿡
ţһ档Ұһͷ¯ˮϴϴ˯һٿʼУοɲ׼͵ˡ
ʵԵһǰҲû͵ʱɳĻǲԺҪŬѵԼԾԼ͵顣
ƿҰһ鶼źӣе㲻ˣ͹
ǸԺлġ
̾һӦØСķʽͷ
Ӵ˴ƨɶඪˣԺѵһˡ
ҰһȻ֪ƨɶˣ̹ʤƨɵʱǿĺֵܿģڻɼ̹ԵһͲ⣬һȥҹy޲ҡ
Ҫ𣿡
ûϵҰһ¶΢Ц Լ
Ҳźòӵˣأ·ҲԿƣֻҵһȫĵطԼָȥЩʳָԼ塣
һƧ̫ɹĽ䣬ȴԼĻָԼԼо̫ȵغľϡ
طܰȫû˿ҵ
鲢˳
޲˴洫΢ĽŲҲΪڸ·Ĵ񣬶Ǳֱĳ˹
޲ҵѾָһ룬ϰѾȫ޸ˣֻʣ°壬ֻҪٸһʱͿȫָϡ
˵ĻԼӦÿǰָԼ
Ųͣ
޲ҡ𣿡ǸѨɢԭɫ
޲Ұһʲôֻôһֶ죬
ô࣬Ҳܶ࣬ʲôʱǹɱӵĳԱ
ǹɱӵ˾͸ˣձ̹Եһӣûйڿֱŵĺ¡
˲ûе޲һشڽ֮;Եߣһֱߵ޲ҲǴսǡ
޲ҵĴѾ
ԭû뵽ȥ⸱ӡղŻڹսǵھѾ޲͵Ťͷһ𶯵ĻĴеĴǡ
8ǻʯڣȴû˵ҰһһһҰһվ󣬾һ˸ߵӡ
ɱʯΪӣϲϲ
˵ֻ̣Ҫ޲ȥ㹻˺Ѫ졣ѶŸմ²ƷʱһЩ㵱ɸ޲ҵļ
ⲻ
Ǳ̬𣿡޲ôǳţҪӶѨ룬뵽ѨõֲҶˡ
ôɱԼġ
̬ƺҿɵڵ飬ҵĹȤãǰҵСͽܸˣʦôҲҪҵͽָС
ƨ
޲ҾǺ֡
һԱԼȽϲңԼǱֳ1800Ŵӳ̹ԵһֻϱѪʪˣû˺ۺòã
ҪԼ򲻹ǡ
ˣ
ɣҪҶŶ֪򲻹ҵĶ԰ɡ
ǸͷϳǵأֻԼ˰ɡ޲ҧгݣ֮ǰǸҴ⽴ˡ
˵˭أʶ𣿡ҰһǺܶ޲Ϊʲô˵ˣʶͷϳǵ˿ɲ٣Ĺ϶Žţ˵ЩҲнһ塣
ɫзͷڶһֻǣϲںɫ·޲һ¹ƵòоҲҪǰ֣˵ҳǰȴңΥԼΥԼ
ԭƹҹ𣿡Ұһ治֪£ʲôʱ򣿡
ϴμ֮ĵ2졣
ѾȥüˣҰһѾûʲôӡˣֻǵԼرȻƳȥһˡ
ԭȥ޲ˣ
ҰһϵЦڱʵһ˿Σ뵽˸˵顣
޲һҰһӾԼʱĲ״ȫ˲ԼڿΣա
޲ҧҧԼⱲһ

޲ұΪȴԼĻǻҷĽĵط̫¾ȻֻǱ̫ɹۣûбɻʧ
Ѿ˷̫
Ұһ֪޲ɹ̫ΪԼֻҪԼ뿪̫ͻ޲˺
ӣŹy޲ҵʧǰ
ȹy޲ҿϲԭֻɹ۵ȴһ˲ɻʧˡ
Ȼ󣬹޲ҵѾָȫԭҰһվŵĵطܿ˹վҪ뿪
û뵽ղѾ뿪ҰһȻվ
ҲµĹȻûҰһס뿪ĵ·ֻҪͲ
һ죬޲˱ҰһƵĿ־塣
Ұһųһӡĵ̲ȴԴ̴һƤ
Ҫʹˡ
ҰһҲûĥӴص
û޲Ǵ뿪뿪ȥʲôأ
ԼֻҪӦ֮ǰԼͽ޲ҸȥͿԵõˡ
һĿһأ


127 
ҰһװŹy޲ҵ, ͨ˵
Ҫһδȥ
ͨصŵһᣬĹy޲ҾȻʧӰ
ҰһʱȻŭ
쵰
ŵţͷһ, ûҰһ¶⸱飬Ұ, ôˣ
ݵʧ̬Сı˿, Ұһһ, Ӹһãû, æɡ
ţͷ
ȻҰһ˵, ǿ϶˽, ţͷװʲôû
Ĺy޲ֱӱ͵һط, Сĵ
ȻҰ̽ľԼĻ
ֻҪڣԼ;Բɹ̫ȥԼҲˡ
ȻǼ֮ǰƽʱ°ɡ
̫ˡ
ֻҪúҰһ, ԼԺһ, ൱ڶһűĵơ
y޲ҴûоҰһôɰǰԼӰûôɺ, جˡ
ȻԼͦ۵ģ˰
ʲôǱȻŸ˸˵أ
, Ұ̽ĥҲǶôܵˡ
y޲Ҹ˵غ޲ùЦ, Ѿָȫ, ֻҪ̫ɽԼͿ뿪ȥˡ
ȳԼ˽ԼãԼͿȥɱˡ
ȻҪѡƿǸ̹Եһġ
һ뵽̹ԵһԼƬôƬͻ䡣y޲ҡҡͷԼļƤȥŰˡ
Ȼûãy޲ӭһλ֮͡
ԼҲղԼҰһû뵽ھȻһ
Ʒһ
һΪʲôͲʵһأҪQ֪ŵ𣿡
y޲ǿȨǰˡ
ǳǸ
ǸҲûʲôðһỹҪȥƴӻͳһʱ䣬еʱ䣬սپɡ
̱ȽԶ﷢ʹ˵Ķ棬ʱ䣬ھŵ֮ǰص˵
Ұһذǵϰȥˣĩ˵ӦǲϰģͲסħϲ͵Ϊ˵תֻܹӰࡣ
ǵԼҪԵһѵѵˣȥΪѵʵΪĥϰ
ԵһԴС
Ҳֻĩʱȥյʱƾֻܵ°֮ȥһ߼ලԵһһߴĹ
ڹy޲ϳ˱Ұһ԰ǵѾܾûлħˡ
ƶԴԹܴ󣬶Եһѵͱøӿ̡
ֱһ֮󣬹ƲŰԵһߣԵһѵѾ˸Ͻȥҹy޲ֱʲôۣƨˡ
ԵһſһƬ׵ͷһѾȫƽ˧ˡԵһȫûԾԣֻԼʱ÷ǳʵһ޲ҵʱuһԸһǰ컹Ҫ̵Ľѵ
ǵԵһصɱӵʱ򣬵ȴĲԼֳױԼοʡ
Լֳˡ
ֳǳȥִΪʲôûпԵһʺϵõɡ
ҡҡͷǵġ
ȥˣ
ʮ֮ǰʧˣǸҲЩģջղſʱ˵նʱˡ
̹ʤʵڹɱӿ˵һ֮£Եһʵڹɱĵλǳߣֵֻ񶼲Ǻóͱ˸˼ʹϵƽ˿֮ҲٺЩһ
ʤʧʱ䣬󲿷ֵʵûзϡ
һǶԼ̹ʤʵȷţһΪʤǵĹϵʵô
Եһ˲̫õԤС
˵ֳѾˣһֺǳԤС
Ҫȥֳˣ鷳١
ɸϽ˸ȥûйϵǲҪȰԼϵ˸һ£ʱܵȥˣôŪӡ
ϵ˾һһҹѾ˲٣ԵһƤףϺ;ۡ
ԵһŶһԼϻˣ˵ΪʲôԼʱЩʿǶڿԼΪԼϵˡ
ɱӵҽԵһһϵ˿ڣҩˮͿ൱Ǳȥͼ˼λõҪȥԼֳ¡
뾡ȥɣʤҲǵһӣǵͺáٲȻѾԼ׵ķ緶ԵһصɱӲһ뿪뿪ʱһμ̹ʤȥִʱĵӣ뿪ɱӵ·ȥ
ڱ̹Եһǵļ̹ʤڹy޲ҵߡ
Ѿ˹ʤŹy޲ҸʳζַΧʤȴǿס˶ȫԵˡ
¶ģ˱ɹʱ¶ľģ˽µʱŴתɹõʱ䳤˵㣬ʤɹ֮սжôǿӹɵġ
ٹy޲Ƿǳġ
˹ʤսʱҪǿҲһʤǿԸ
ĵܵ㡣y޲˵㲻ȥ𣿡
ʤʳĶ˶٣ΪʲôҪȥ
㲻Ϊ˼̹ԵһѡɹɹˣԴܼ̹ԵһˣΪʲôȥ
y޲ѡü̹ʤΪʱ򣬳˿ǿʵ֮⣬ҲǿԵһӺͿ
ڼ̹Եһ˵ʦʦģΨһҪĵľֳֻΨһһ̹࣬ʤ
ǱѪԵ顣
ԵһûǹԼʱԼֳԼůʱΪů䡣
Եһ˵̹ʤǷǳҪˣʤ˵ԵһҲҪˡ
ֻ۾ѾʺͿ־屻ɱˡ
Եһ֣ʤȻһֻֿš
֪Լʲô㰡㡣
Լڴ
ԵһԼɹĻɱԼ𡣡
ȫ֪
ȥɱӵġ
y޲ҷѾ˼ʤתˣôһͷڹ꣬ԵһҪҵߵʱֱӸʤ˳ȥ
ԼʤԵĹѾòˣѾתɣ˶ˣѾûлͷ·ˡ
̹ʤûгˣԵһŻԭʤˣԵһԸǶ̶̲ԭģпֱӽɱ
y޲Եڴһ졣
߳ȥʤڣ˸ߣԼϵڲ
ڳΪ֮ǰǼΪǿʿڱɹõ˹y޲ҴѪҺ֮ʵʹﵽһ㡣
Ϊ˹ǿͲҽӽȻԶԶ뿪
ʤҲЩĹһֻĿĵεš
ûгԱͳ˵ζȥʳʤֻһ£ȥɽ棬ͼԶջķʽıԼıܡ
ʤûкڡ
ֻǱɹѣԼɱ
Ϊ˳ԽԵһԼҪ̶
Ұһ̾һص˾
y޲ǻ쵰ʲôʱ
û뵽ʤȻѡԼɹķʽԽԵһģӴСʤľǿټϱ̹ʤӰ죬ΪʺԵһĳٶۣձ
ȻӦðѹy޲ҸС
ƴļ̧ͷ˾̫ĥЩˡ
ǹĹǳͷ𣿡
ͨҪɵ飬㲻Щµģƽô棬ǻҪѹðɡ
ҰһʵѾԼĹȫˣЩϢ֮͹ļҲûйϵֻǹƿЩļҹټԼһ˴ҰһһʵеģŴߴҰһһɻ
ҲԼˡ
ƶԼ̹ԵһǵʵûȤҰһȽ⣬ῴ
˵һǱ滮õģӳʼԸѾôʲôڱʲôӣǻŵʱԼһϵûУֻ˵ʱǰЩŻϵ̯ǰ
ҰһҲ׹ƻӦȥԵһΪԼҲûоùƵ̬ʲô⡣
ϾԭͲǺϲֱ˵ѡ
ңֽʣڹƵߣ͹һһͷļ
ƵȰЧģһʼҰһһԵһ飬ˣͰԵһˣϱһ¼һεƵʡ
ڵʱûʲôоģҰһҲûио˶೤ʱ䣬һִĺӾȻƲĺꡣ
ԵһѾҪʮˡ
ԴԵһʮǰΪԼֳɹ޲ұһ֮޲ҾͲôҳˡ
ūưӣҲѾȥס
ıһҪܶ࣬Ǹ࣬ûа취һɰǧꡣ
Եһܹ80꣬Ѿʱĳˡ
ʤĻƻٶꡣ
ԵһȥΪԼȻʤıԵбʤɱˡ
Ƿ׳ʱڣʤֵ¸߲У˵ɱ
Եһ֮ǰѾоԼӣ뿪ǰ֮ǰҵԼֳ
ϣԺֳһͿʹȥˡ
Եһվûܰ쵽
̹ԵһѾˣʤҲѾ˲ϲĹһƴȫɱġ
û뵽û
ݱҰһԵһڣ˵ҲһۼʤɱԵһһ̡
Ҫ˵ǲܵġ
ϾԶֽԵһ̵ֽΪ˵ĵԵһΪһ׶ǿԵģʤԵһֳʤֻм֮ԵδйֻǴԵһڶԷ顣
ԵһҰһȴΪ˶ЩС
ֳ֪ʲôʱֳʱҿԹ𣿡ԵһҰһĸ첲
ҪΪС
ҿ϶ΪġԵһ˵ͷԼԺΪʵʱʦһҪ֪ͨҲС
û⡣
ԵһɿҰһ첲֣ڵϵļ̹ʤ
ץֳ͸Լĵӣ֧ӿţл˵Щʲô
Եһ˹ȥҪʤ˵Щʲô
Եһ
ǿҾ̲סŻҾͷѡ
Եһֽסˣ
֮ԱһֻҵΪҲ𣿡
ǰǡ
ҾΪʲôأܻش𣿡


128 
ʤ֮ǰǷԵһܴ
ԭֳҵ𣿡
Ұһû˵, ԼҲûʲô˵ֱû𳵵ĺ󲱾˵ȥ
һϵеԵһܿ͵õԼȥо
Ȼ, ԵһǲȥģһʼͱԼԺһΪ̬, ڵõȥо֮Ը˵
ȻΪҪס˰졣
ԵһĸݱݱҲڵ, ϶ĸ׵, ᲻úʦֿ, һס, ǲסһ, סڸҲ,
ָʱòԵһƸȥݱݱסһˡ
ʼʲôЦôܻԵһԱס
ԵһͺĺһǸǧߵĳݣԱߣʲô㡣
Եһίίıȥݱݱˡ
ݱݱʮǰ˰ǵʮһֱںͼ̹ʤķ顣
߹ò毺, һǰǹݱݱڵǷǳܻӭ, ⼸׷һֱƣŸ󳤶ӡ
ݱݱһcare
Եһ֮, ǱǸ˵ģҲ֪ôź, Ӱǵ˼, ȥħԵһ
ڵô, ǵȵԼĶǡ
ǡʤأ
ֳšԵһʤɹ飬Լĸ֪ԼֳѡΪ˹ĸ׵Ը񣬴ŲѡԭʤǵԺҸʱٸ
ΪʤѾֻתȥ˰ɡ
ԵһѾнʮûиܹĸԵĸķˡ
ĸ׵ֲ񻹻ŵʱۣƤҲǰ𪣬ڵĸ׿ǿ֣ڵúܺãȻŵʱĿֶˡ
Եһ˿ӣ¶Цݡ
أ
̹춼ܼأҪ𣿡ݱݱ˿һʱ䣬һ뼸ٴڵתһתģ뿴Ļͻȥϰɡ
ԵһΪʲôҪϰ࣬ȵڶ죬Եһĸȥ˰ǵ֪֮ˡ
ĸȵĸװ˴ӵӿҽȻһͷϳǵͬӹһߡ
ߴŸɾİɫ·ͷ϶һɫǽնݱݱקţľżһ
̹ˣҪٷˣһԵһԵһŶ˰ʮء
Եһ֣̹ʤ˷Ӧն۾˾۽ǰˣźʤһģһֻͷɣǵĺɫԵԼļСӵЦò˳˰ȷǰ˵ȷԼĺӡ
Եһ̹ʤ˵ɤЩ˻ƣǸ˺ܳʱ䣬̹Եһô£ݱݱ˾ش⡣
ס
̹ʤԵһ̾һ㣬Ҳʲôأֲܾҳȥ
˵ʲôأⲻǳͷֻЩµĴۡݱݱװȵӣˣĽҲÿʼˡ

ԵһĿűԼҪһͷĸףŸ׵Ĳӣ˹׸ߵĸ
Եһ
ĸ׵ô
ǰĸײˮͰ̧ΪʲôԽ׸ȥ
ѵ֮
Եһʺš
ԵһǱߵľù𣿡
õġԵһæѷһߵĲ˹ȥ󣬱Ŷȥĸ׿һ㡣ĸ׷ǳɵľͽԵһ̧ľ˹
һŲ񶪽Ŀ϶һʱ̹ʤ̹ˣô¶Ȼһټһ㡣
Եһ˳żȥ
СĲҪȥŶǸǧأȥ̵ġҰһԵһˣʹӰ칫˹ԭ㶼㸸˰֮ʱȥһġ
ݱݱ˽Լɷ˺һᣬͼðɫĻյһЩ˵ЩĻͼü̹ʤЩ
ڼ̹ʤƨûС
ĸΪλԵһǳ𾪡
ӡĸһģ˵Ļ˵ˣһ
ԵһԼĸôֵӻʲôû˵
ѾܾûмĸôĵˣԵһѡװʲôû
ȴԵһȥ⸽һ£ϤһĹȹʱħʼƸ˵ʱͿԹˡҰһԵһڵתһȦڵȻ򵥵Ľһ¡
ԵһǰʵǿڹɱӵҪְλ
ʤ֮󣬹ɱӳ˺Եһõ֮⣬˷ȥԵһԹûпԼֳôһ˱˹
ǻ׵һΧЩΪԵһ޷ԵһڹɱӣԵһֻ뿪ɱԼһ˶
Ұһȥһݷ٣⼸ʮԵһкȫѾˣ˼̹ʤ֮һġ
ԭҶǹɱӵĶԱ֮еѡڵеѡתͶ̥ԵһҲǡ
ϵԭԹЩˣڼѾȥԵһʱ򣬾Ȼûǰĵжԣƽ͵ĸǸ
ָѾʼѧϰĲݷЦøĪ⡣
֪Щų̹ԵһʱĲʹȥҪ֪ûм̹ԵһĻǹɱӸͲߵز
Ǽ̹Եһ̸Աķ̸ǿԼնɱֵӵ˸Ļᡣ
ôģ
ǽɱӵĹߣһжĴ
ɵ𣿣
ôԴԵһ
ЩųԵһĶʿĶӣ֮ܵҵġӭ
һûܵ
˲ʹѵĶʿ̵ʶԼĴ׼Եһúõĸڡ
û뵽Եһı˶Ҫá
Եһ4λ˹ɱӵˣ80ĸȥ
Щ֪ôźá
Щϣڮbݷٵ⣬̹ԵһЩɻ
Ҳ⵱飬ҲȫûбҪǸҵֳɹҲȷԼԭ򣬶ԴˣҲҪǵǸԵһ˵֮ǰûɱֳҵĴҵļ̳һɱġ
ѵ𣿡ɺʵһΪûûпǹأ
ͺͼ̹ԵһĹϵãʲôʣҲ֪ԵһҲ⡣
Ҳ25ȥģ˺ڵ֮һֱڵͬ顣
û뵽һȣȵԼĶӣӣ
һ˵˳ȥһèͷӥ൱עĿ
Եһûн飬ҵļ̳һλѵĶӣӦѾͶ̥תһԸı硣
һΪѾءЩź80㾹ȻԼġ
޷ȷҵ᲻ỹѡҼҲûн顣ԵһҲԼġ
֪ϻеһʼĻƻһλӶȹ
ԼĿԾȫûһ룬ԺҲҡ
ϲ˵ĻҲӣһжҪԵ֡
㻹Ҫɱ𣿡Сʣʵҵνˡˡ
⿴ĺܿѾתͶ̥ļˣ߾ۼѺˣѾܺˣԵһҲ͸ûʲôԹˡ
һΪġԵһкȲҰһһֳֽģҲҪֽ
ȻǡȻܳȥȴܲ鰡ҲΥ涨ɡ
Եһһʱһȥġ
ȻԼĸһֽһС
ԵһսȭͷҲҪһ𣿡
ĻҶҲԼûʲôϾɱĹȫȥǵˡԵһ¶ãȻɫɾ֪ʲô֪
ǵһרΪĵȫٻйأˣӦҲȥġ
ҲҪȥԵһ۾ҪɳΪȥֳˣ


129 
ԵһΪʲôô, ʦȴܹʼһ
񼸺޾⼸ʮͲʲô̸ϸıһˡ
֮ǰʹӦ˱, ֮һʼڵӦ˼, ԵһžͶѧϰС
˳ľͨ˵, Ϊһħʵϰ䡣
ֻźü춼ûħҰһ
һʼΪҰһȥ, ϾʦԼʱҲڳ, ų, ʱ˵ʱ, ȴ˵Ұһÿ춼ڵ
Եһһͷʺš
ȥĸ, ݱݱŸҰһʵǸ𰢱ǵģȻƹϵܣʵ춼ħ
ǵеڰ˺˺ħֱӹϽƽֻ֣ҪʱϽ, ǵڰ˴, ħȴôܣҲΪǵ, ټ⡣
Ұһڸر𿪱ٵ֮ǰᾭȥħưæʲô, С֮ͻѴ󲿷ֵʱ䶼ڰǵ
ô˵ǵĵط, ÿĲнˮҲǷ, Ȼе㲻ˬҰһΪȺԼȴҲΪϰʱϰص㲢ûдʲôû˵
Ȼȫˡ
ҰһÿĹ֮⣬ȥٴƬٻѲߡ
ÿСֳʮСֱ𴦷ˣƵϳһѾʱŲĵŵǿطҰһ򵥴ֱΪ٣֮еĹᱻ
ԭƻǱߵе࣬û뵽Ȼô࣬⼸ٴԱ˲ٹɱӳԱپҵ
Եһ˼֮ҲѡȥǵʵȽǿͿѹסǵЩ˼ÿ춼Ҫܵߺ֣ټó鹤ħӻе˷ѡ
ԵһͰĹְڼʱӰǵһְͨθλá
θλãԵһԽӴ͸ˣôϰ鹤Ҳϰߡ
ڷпū۵ҰһƨɣѴ󲿷ֿԷֵĹԵһԼ㡣
˵ư֮ǰ˵ҪˣҪȥ𣿡ҰһԵһӹʱʵҼǵĹϵͦõģҪҪҲȥ
ҲҪ𣿡ԵһӦ˺һŷӦ
ŵʱ򱻸ϳ˹ɱӣͺٺԭˣҲֻһūᶨϵһ¡
Եһͬ䣬ʱżһ棬Եһȥ鲻̫ҳǰͺһֱϵ
һλءҰһͳһžµǸģҪȥĻȹͺһȥˡ
Եһ
ʵūưҰһǼҪԼӣô
ư֪ĵĹ͵֮˵ģӣЩ꣬ÿ¶ṩ㶫ȥһЩƷ֮⣬ȽеĺͷʲôģŮϲͷξ֮ȫ˹ȥ
ӣȱ
ԼеĺõĶȫӣ͹ȥ
ҪʶڣūưҪ˶Ҳ˵ǸԷˡ
ŵ˽ǲϹģץ˻ܵǳϿĳͷͲסŵǵ㣬ܹܵǵȫһֻ۱һֻۣװūưֺܱӣͨѶ
ҰһһһΣٶͲҡ
ԼĶҪҪҰһǣûм֮⣬Ҳܲܽλῴӣ
ȻеĻҲûйϵϾЩϹء
Ұһ͹˵ˣֱӾܾӣ뿪ȥҪ󣬲˵ķ
ƵͨѶַ
ڵԶûзֻҶҲԹֻܴԼղƷҳһǳϵľӡ
ͬߡ
ڰҹͷῴ벻Ķ
ⶫģвɥŻᱻƿУԼı⵱УԼӸһ£ӦÿʵͨѶ
ݵĹͨûġ
ưӶͯѣһλΪͷֹ˸죬æ澵ӸĳɿԹͨͨѶߡ
ͷӦ
СϲЩ߰ĶڳΪ֮ڷƹϲŪЩ߰Ķ̾ߵĸ»Ҳǡ
ҪⶫȻҪ£ɶҲû˵˭ûиߡ
ɻ֪ܲ
ǹСʱͷǴӵ͵͵ȥʱһ
ܿ죬ҰһѾǰҺ˵Ҫ·Ҳǿ촩ĸٵƷ΢ʽЩ·ûԵһ糾͵ͨ
ūưǸϲݵӣǹʱǰūưû취ūưûӣӰҲôʧ䡣
жûˣūưƣȴҰһֱסҰһļ򣬡̫æˣæĶûʱ𣿡
ϾҪһʵ̫鷳ˡ
ǰ鷳ûбҪ
ūư͵ֶζü棬ֻҪյҰһֽڵͿյȻֵµ˰ֽתӣ
ӣǿڵģǵʺӣԾȥǱ߲羰ߵҲǺˣūưҲõı˿ʲôġ
Ұһһʼûūư˵ϲȴ̫ϰūưֱ
ƻԷɴס
ǵҲǣ̫ˣǲеܲ
ҰһֻūưϵЩūһЩ߲㣬ԵһǺūֹϵȽϺãЩֵ꿴ԵһӵӣڿԵһָֻᣬʱΧ˹
ԵһҲˡ
ūһλ浾С㣬ΪɽŮӦǳңһСұӣһСֱ׼Ĵҹ㡣
ΪɽŮӦùƣûʽţֻū
ūӡȫԼĺԵһԼĸĸ⼸˰Ǵе޵ģڿǸͰĴҳ
˵㡣
鶼ôˡҰһЦе˵ҸռʱŸճŹ˶ãѾˣҼԵһϲŮӶûء
˼꣬߸ˣԵһԸţҲܲš
ףūкܶ൥ŮϲԵһŶĻҿԽһ¡
ǵءѵóһλ׵ԵһԵֵȻͻˡ
ĿǰԵֻû
Ҫ˸Ͻȥ׼ɣｻҾͺˡ
ιǵΪ˸ūףףĻҸ
ҪҰһƵףֻ˵ù
ǻǵһԹ֮ҪףǰúϵĻò˶ûͬİ·һ㻹пܳΪˡ
Ҳ֪Լֳϲ̫ÿڣڳףʱû˵ֻǵ˵ͷȫҰһ
ȵʱҰһͻȻ̾Ϣһ
ôˣ
һûлءҰһܸоˡ


130 
û뵽Ұһᷢʡ
ҪǶϷ״̬
ð, ȷĴ
ƿһҰһע⣬ҰһŤͷôˣðˣ
Ҫ𣿡
, ԵһĶ֧
ûУôô룿Ұһش, ΢еĽ, Ͼ治̫һ, ûжν
Σ
⻰ھԼô
ҲȾ, ʼԼôܸҰһһ
ʲôɶû, һԲҪκν͡
ƺ޲ھͻصȥ, ٿճʱٰһ
ԭһߵĹͻȻ, Ұһѹסڴϵ֣ôô
ûʲô
˵ģ㲻˰ɡҰһ߬ˣİɣҲôʽˡ
ҪǲʽϵĽָôģ
öССĽָֻϴʱŻµĴ, ָѾһȦĺۼ
Ұһôĵı, ָĻҲѾĥĿˣǰʱ仹ѰµĲĥָĲ, סҰһָ֣ϵĽָ
ժָʱ, Ұһʶȭͷժ, ڷǹƵʱɿ֣ôˣ
Ѿ, ֮㻻һµġ
áҰһ߬ȭͷѽָӹִ˻ȥҾϲ
ѹס˹ǣһͷ
ѾʼԼϢ೤ʱ䣬ö೤ʱԲҰһһˡ
Ұһûаѽϣףһ֮󣬹ŽõľӸūư
ǱľӣƸһ£Ҫʱʹáǹϵĺ
ȹ˾֮󣬾潥ֵӣӰūҵļ˶ɧ
ɽŮʱӣѾȥˣûк˽ӴԼɷ˵ӣ飬ͰĸҲѾá
ۿʱӣȻɷ˵
Ұһ͹ûдһžۣĵظ뿪ˣԵһҲûǷݵ˼ĵĸʦʦ뿪
Ǳǰǣֵܣһ˸ںʵԵÿ
ǲǸҸˡ
Եһ˼š
Եһû뵽ǰ컹ۺ۰ԼȻڼ֮󿴵ܡ
Ըⷽһٶ۵Եһһʼû֣˺þòŷֲԾĵط
ҪǿҰһԵĹƵʱȻʲôû˵ŤͷߣԼʦѹȫԼԼ׷ȥˡ
ԵһŹͷԣôˡ
㻹֪ǰƴ˱Ұ˴ӷϳˡħ֪ıԵһҪһЩ֮˾Ťˡ
˳ܿ˵õڶ˶°͡
˵ĸһֱܺãڻûнʱһ֮⣬ʱ䶼ûͻȻ˼ܣֱºһϡ¡
ûôע⡣Եһڤ˼룬Լûﲻԣʦƽ̬ȣûﲻԡ
ܰɣ㲻Ұ˵ѧһ֪𣿡䲻š
͡ƽһøãȻ񿴻ȥԵһԼĲ⡣
Ұһ챻Ƹˡ
ߵһ룬ԵһûԼľȻǹƶԵһԵһ͹Ʋߣ·ʱϰԵķŲʱҰһȻһʱûܷ˻һˡ
ʲôԵһأ
ɻȥˡҰһڿϿںԼ˵ˣĵһڣҴˣԭҡ
ܹƲ֪ΪʲôҰһΪʲôǲ߶ʮһϴ׼ûд
ˣˣҰһͣ½ŲڣҪǲ˵һͱط˯
һֱҰһԭķϢĹڤ˼ԼʲôҰһյ飬Ȼä㡣
ָ
ⲻ֪𣿣Ұһ챻Ƹˣ㻹ѽָŪ˻װ֪
ûŪֻ޸˶ѣֽû𣿡ƴӻͳС棬ŵҰһԭĽָֻöָѾˣĻҲµһ飬ػ
ҰһûָȷԭǸһֱƽ
ʲôֽ
㴲ͷˡƱȻһ£ٽӽҰһҰһû㿪ˣ§ҰһһߣٲҪҪͨϱ˿
ͷ
Ұһ˼һ£ֺȷôԼ·ȥϴ·ʱǱϴ»ˣϴ»ʱƻ˵ǰֽó
еΡ
ǵʱôû˵
һ֪ΪʲôͰҸϳˡüҲ˵Ťͷߡ
ˡ
ҰһֵסĿƵ֣侲һ¡
ҰһöĹƸ˿⿪ˣǲǿԺúˣ
ʱҲһͷˮϳˡȻҪط䲻ǲУǿ϶ἤìܣԹƵ¸裬ǾԲġ
Ƶû̸ľ飬֪ô˿ġ
ǰȫûо飬Ǹûܣ͵һܣΪܵĹƾȻҲЩ޴
Ƕ³ܷǳĵİʹô¡
һҰһȡֵĿܣϾҰһϵͦõģ˵ÿջһ֣ض˺֮⣬ʱ䶼ģܻǨͱˣ϶ǹ˺ֵܹ
ҲԩﻹһҪ𣿡
˵ͷ
ǰҲ֪ҰһΪʲôԴǵŮӻԱƿһñγ̡
ڴ󲿷ŮӣǲһҰһ
Ұһ˻Ƣӣõġ
һ˵ԷҪԷϴģȥһʱǲǴûеͷ
ƵͷΪ֪ԼʲôҰһҲԼ͵Ļᡣ
ԵһȵǸ˽סˣٽһ
ڱϼ
ȻڶԷ֪֪ʱ򲻹㲻֪ԷΪʲôҲҪشԲ𣬾ѶԷ
ƼǱʼǡ
ȻȶԷƽʱΪʲôʱһ϶ͻ˵ˣ֪ԷΪʲôĻͺðˣǹȽϺãϵʱŶԷʲôġ
Բһ¹ĳʱŤⲿ㲻ҪˣҪƻᱻ´
ƿʼǱʼǣǸͿȥ̸
һѶıӣһҳֽ˺һԲᱻӹģ
ѾҹöˡƵıӱ˺ҲҼסˣл
Ƶõָ֮ƨˣŮӻԱ
ûϵ𣿡ƺƲˡ
Ӧû°ɡҲǺȷӦûʲôϵֻҪʲôĴ⣬һô϶ûġ
ǲ֪˭
˻һ
֮˼ӵûа취ˣֻܿԼһ¡
ƾð̵Щʵõġ
ڻϰʱûа취طһֻɿҰһԭ𣿡
˱ҰһЩΣ֪ôԹơ
ϾԼдģȡֵĸоҰһں޲һͷط棬ΨԹơ
š
ϾͲðȥס˰ɡ
Ųá
Ҫôң
ҪűҰһƿƣһȥϰˣ
߳ŭҰһ׵ľͰѹƸƿˣȵҰһıӰʱ򣬹ƵһߣѼ̹Եһ˳
ǽţ
ûУڵ㡣ԵһѹƸղԼļ˹ƻùƷ֮ǰϽʦһ£


131 
̹Եһûвͽʵӵ¼֮, ֻǾҵҵԼĹʲôҲ֪
ǵĹԽԽ࣬ڶĳһͻȻʽ, Ȼ˼֮ƽ
ɷЩ֣ôȥħеҰһҲ˲Ծ
ʱ, ĵһ쾹Ȼ˽ʮ
ʲô
ҰһʱֺĹ
Ҫִ, вΪǹеءħһ, , ǵҲҪʱչץĸء
Ѿʱ𣿡Ұһ̾˿, ˵ϻ᲻أ
ѵʱ򲻸òһٹһҪ𣿡ʵ, , ʱǲͬʱֵġ
ҪδǰأҰһʡ
ڲӴ˸ն׵ƣŻᱻĨɱһʵ̫ˣ߱ձԣ־ĹϵŻĨɱ
Ұһݽë档
ᰡǼһΪʲôץҲţҲҡҰһܼסɱӵĴѾǼˣڵĽһǧļ, ڴʱǰ಻һļֱһС, вͻᱻĺ߸
ԭŨҵĸʱϴҲɫ΢ִ
֪Լĳǰ, ʲô̬ȶԴ
ʲôţ
Ұһڤ˼룬бʵֹš, ûǴ, ǺӺȷЩꡣ
°ǰеĹ, ʱһ°ֵʱɣʱͻкܶߴӿǸʱæ
ҰһԼļҳ֮ǰļ䣬Ȼȷġ
Ļձ֮ĳ˷չиƲסҰġ
˿µ˿ڱըҲ˵ǻӺܳһʱİ࣬ǸʱҰһҪȥ㶼ûɡ
˶ڹȥǰ棬ͺ
ݷҫʲôʱţ
ҰһʵǼǲסЩ飬ֻµĹѯڹɱӵĽ
ڵ֪ûеʱҰһһ
ûеʱ䡣
ʳ˷ѾˣĻʱԼǻûдԽɡ
ҰһֻĹһ飬ԼʲôʱԻȥɱӵĴҡ
ֻǼһĻûʲô㣬ԼҲܳδԼǰ
÷
Ҫ𣿡Ұһ⼸յĽ꣬ʵҪٵĻǲУֻҪԺʱϡ
ǵν΢е㸴ӰɡҰһ˵Ҳ֪ͯĥǻ쵰û
ͯĥ
ǻ쵰һֱϷš
ưּС棬׼ԺֻˣưѱһӣӺѹסҰһһǧˣ㻹ǵô𣿡
ҰһŤͷһʱͻһֱȻԶи쵰飬˵Ͱ󡣡
ᵽ󣬹ƵɫˣʱͲҪֻţˡ
ⲻһĵֿһǧ꣬϶һǧûеùúòã᲻ˮһѹƵָзǳ⣬ԣҪΪԴˡ
ûгԴף΢е⡣ɿԭŵֱ֣ѹȥҪʲôʱ٣
ֻȥӦûϵɣڵȥ
㲻۵Ļ
ö֮г֮Ұһ˸ǺţȷԼҪʲôʱȥŰѹƿҪȥϰˣϼ
ƺԼı¼Ҳдг֮Žʰóϰࡣ
Ҫȥнһʱ䣬Ұһϱһ֮ͽԺ
˻µʱ򣬻ǹʱˣҰһԼҪȥ顣
Ұһħ˱棬õͬǩ֮ſʼԼڵʱİš
Ҳô鷳ֻԼڵʲôⷢ
ҰһźһЩŻ·˸߲ҵسš
ҰҪȥ𣿡׼뿪֮ŵʱҰһ˻С㣬СһƸһµĻͣҰһߣɣҲҪȥأҪһ𣿡
ð鷳ˣҰһϻС㳵ߵĳ棬˷羵ȥ塣
Ұɣ֤ʹش
ľ峵Ħг֮ĻСҰ࣬ٶҲӿ˺ü
ԭľ峵ʱЩ߱ӳ˦ȥ˳֮ͲһˣߵȥСͳͷԣԼٶȡ
û˿ļЩԺҲҪµġ
СǰҰһ͵˵ط
ڿɲʲôõطɻСһȤûС
Ȼʬ壬ǶܳԵģ˵ﻹвٻģ˿л߶Ұ̽ĵ֡
Ұһֻⳡе졣
ӳȥ鷳ˣ
ôʬȴûյϢӦǻûɡ
ΪҰһڽעЩ˵ݱ˲ûͽƵｫߴߡ
һŬġҰһ˳Լϱǰϵĺɫ֯·Сġ
˻С֮Ұһҵʱ䡣
֮󸴻˵˲٣һһĳȺҲֻʮӳһСʱ
ûСʱ
ںҹͻȻڴ˺Բ̫Ұһȴɱ˵ģ˵ġ
Ѫȵĳñ϶˼СĹƻιȥҰһڵϰ˱ЩҪϿпĳͷҲ̵ĳ棬ĳ˵ֻëëһĶ
ƽĽѾȥģõ˸ûû˻ָȻЩָԼѰЩȱ֫ʬĲ֡
ʵҲģǾֻܻһˡ
ҰһԼűߵˣ˵ͷ˺ܾöûҵһȱԴȱ˸첲ʬв٣ͳԼıʣڿл
ˡСĿڣʲô
Ұһһ£漴ЦŰο£һͷϡ

˵⻰췽ҹ̷ûʲô𣬿Ǿڲ֮ǰͻȻ˲ЩûˣѾȥˡ
Ҫ˵ǲŵģǰ˵ˣǾһ档
ֻǰڵĿпٵĻʲôʾ͹ճΪʱƣҰһĺܿ죬ܿ죬һ˵ȱȴСͷͳλǰ
Ұһûи۾߹⣬ʷһߣǿͷ
ƮڰеԴʱ漣ˡ
ԭֻɵƽͷȻ˵棬ʵʵģٺƤͷ
ڲӵĶѴԿӺŶϿ֮ĺ档
ҰһǿͷǾͷʬϡ
ڶӵʱѪ⡣
ݲϵתţձ˴Ϥ
ȻҰһմ˽ɫϵıƤϵһ¡
˵۾ˡ
ҡţ


132 
⡭ֱͬһ㡣
ɵȴָ˺, Ժ˵ԼղŲ
ûʲô⡣Ұһһ, Ȼû⣬Ҿȥæһˡ
ͷ޲Ƚ鷳, Ұһȴʧȥͷġ
, ҰһҪĹҲкܶࡣ
ЩѾȫӵ˻, ֽûΣյ֫ȱʧ޲ϡ
ڵҰһҲЩ۵
ûв۵Ķҡ
Ǹ۵Ķǹ
ҰһһʼʱûзӦΪʲôϤ, ڿʼ֮, Ұһ˹
Լ֮󡭡顣
ֻԼ, ûܰ˶, ԼھЩˣԭԼأ
Ұһ˲֣µķ˿סЩı顣
ڵĴ񻹳Լͼ˵ĸУЩ˵ϻѪŨѪζڣɫȾ͸غɫҲ̫
, ȥأ
ҰһԼϢ, Ŀ֮ʧ˵֮С
ǺһըˣΪʲôղŻͻȻͲˡ
Ȼɣ֪˭һ
һ˲İ, ֮˵ˣĻ˭أĻӦѾȥ˰ɡ

࿴, ȻҲĽ
Ǹ, ֮, ˭õأ
ܲǹɡ
ǹǱ˵زǹ
ҰһԱ˹Լãǰ᾽ȣö˾ϰˡ
ڸԼȥˣֱֻĹܵȥˣ
Լô뿪ֻ᲻
һ⡣
ﵢ˺ܳһʱ䣬ȵȫνѾ賿㡣
ɫûг̫ڴֻǼ⣬ֻ֮аӡ
Ұһ뿪Ⱥܼĵطֱ˷ϣߣ߱ȽϺãҲºڰֻϣֻԹ
鲻ҰһϣȴĲδ֪Ԥ֪
ֻȻˡ
ϸΣҰһѾȫǲˣֻǵһֻԼôɱˡûйϵֻҪյĽͺá
Ǹ˲˵ĹǱڲݴ棬ŪɫƤܱߵĻΪһ塣ҰһӷϣƮƮҶһϣûҵҶӻζ
ϢƶϡֻѾʮˣͨĹɱӶԱӦˡ
ҰһƮƮ£еıʻһīۣ֮ն˹Ĳӡ
Žǵʳ˹㵵ۣƺ֪ԼΪʲôͷɱԼ˵ס
һſ˵
ô𣿡Ұһֻͷأȴûɢ
ԼǸ»˺üʸǸԭľëǹƴӰ޶ëģӵԵ˻ˣɱˣаԺĶʺīʱԻĭһڡ
ҹˣοôһֻʵȫʮµĹ

һy޲ҲˣΪʲôôһССİ᲻̨ĹҪţ
ǰֻȻָˡ
ſڵϣ³Դ˻ͷƺԼΪʲô
Լߺ̫Ծ

ϱţϣŶǰڵ
̫ϾҪˡ
ʲôˣΪʲôҪôң󺰵𸽽˵ע⣬ϾԼղſɱôˣЩԼ϶һӵɱԼġ
̫ҲܿҪٲѵĻԼɾҪˣ
Լò׵زô
㲻֪˭ֻҪ֪Ҫľ͹ˡҰһʯͷϱ۾úŵʱͺá
˵ʲôȴҰһӵϼʯͷסˣ˵
ʱ䣬д߾ûһܷҰһֻġ
ԭֻΪҰһķ䣬˶ʶĺǣӶΡ
ڹͶסˣһο˵עأ
һӣĵһôգ˱ϵĹϡ
ֻɹ̫֮ɷɻʧˡ
סʯڵϣȥĻҶ΢ɢһۼĨ
Ұһ鸴ӡ
ͷһѾָƽĴׯֱӴͻ˵
ʱ䣬ǹҲ˯ġ
ƺٻͨҹħѹȫһ
Ұһȥʱ򣬹ƻ˯
Ǳ˯͵ģر𳳲Ȼᱻѣļĸ߶ȣӦǰ賿˯¡
ϰ໹нСʱڷ˯һ֮ѡٻȥ˯һᡣ
ҰһŵĻ˯£ƿ˽ȥ
ղŻ˯Ĺڸо˸ˣ۾һ֮󣬸첲һһѹ˯˹ȥ
ʵҲһ°ڶģ
ͷϵĽǷǳƽ˯ʱҪעⲻҪýǴͷǰֲϰߺͱһ˯һʼʱϰ˺ܳʱ䣬òײϰߡ
һҹ͸֧˾ҰһӦþԼ۵ģڴϸ˯š
ƱطҰһ˯ţôˣȥһ˲ˣ
Ұһһµҷûпԭҡ

ȥʱ򣬱ӦǹȥȥȵЩ񣬿ȴȥģڡҴԭҡ
⻰˵еƣȷҰһڵ״̬Լһݣ¾һǶʱ顣
üӦһ£ô£
Ұһȫһ飬ιˡ
˵ԭʧˣûио𣿡ҲǺˣԣǿ⡣
һܣǹȥδ㡣
ͺ鷳´˱Ӻͱʸһ£һĪ˹Ӧʱڳ㣬Խ˴ʱڣȻصƽصڵһһֱʱڣʱڵ͵մԽʱڵ㣬ʵͬһˣԭþģġ
Ƹ𴲻ûϴͷģҪȷϵĻ⼸ȥǲ֮ǰһչ
ʲôš
ǲ֣
Ұһڴϣֽʶʰһߣڳ˯ĵط˯ɣһᡣ
ϢĻûоȥѰġ
˯ɣһ첻˯Ҳû¡
Ұһ˯ţùƼ˯Լȥϴ侲һ¡
Щˡ
ǹ˵ԼԺ·Ǳ˰źõģ
ҰһЩԽܡ
ȵڶϵʱ򣬰ֹһҰһûôϢֱȥ
Ѿȫˣĵطǽϵĵط
ʱôãͲǵõȵ֣˵ϸڡ
֮Լҵ֮ǰ˰֡


133 
ɽҰ䱼š
Դֳ뿪, ־ԼһһСӵ˵˳죬ҵô, ֻʣֳ֡
ûоԴֻÿɽЩ, ׻һС, һҲ˶, ÿӻͦ
Ǽ֮, ־й, һϳ, ʱᶺ, ôʱһֱûʲô⡣
ǽЩ¡
ɽϵһᣬɫѾˣ滹Щɽľïʢϡٵ޷͸֦ѾҶ档
ľԼٶ뿪
Ȼû˵Ƭɽж, Լĸײȥɽϵʱ򱻹Ϯɹ
, ֱһ־¸Уֻд, ʵ֪Թûκɱġ
Ҳ֪﾿ûйСһܹ鲻Ǵġ
ֲûԼĺ, ڻһͿ뿪ɽ֮, ·
ŻǺһɽ, û̫ŻԼڵĻʵеֲûа취סԼȥ˼롣
ڵɱҪࡣ
ΪǸŲֻһСʱֹͣˣûнһжͣסˡ
ǸŲǰĻôţڸо˲֪ﴫĿӸУôһڰĶԼԼеʳ
ںµҪµĶǼӿˣþȫɿĴɽܣҪ뿪
ȻҲѾڣɽֲֿܲסģοΣյĶࡣ
ڰĹĵĿǸӰǰմѾ˺üɽͨˣϵ·ѾʱĲʳ͸ˣ߻ûɾѪ
ûгԶ˯һ죬ոͷһûдɽ뿪Сӡ
ˡ
ʵǺϲС
СʲнʤϸۣΪ˵㹻ˡ
׼ȴٵȵĻСͻ뿪ɽص֮ͻкܶ鷳
Լܳʱ䣬ȫԼҳĺǲõʱԼѾ뿪ˣԼһͣȳС֮Ϳȥһط
ֻֻһҪ뿪ɽʱˣӺ˹ȥ˵ڵء
˵ڵص־Դϵζ˹˸࣬һʼͼҷ
ԸоӺ󱳴ıƤУֻеȳˮԼĸױɹ֮ĳ
ǸʱҲģԼĸ˵ϣһҪԵԼ
ֳĻԼ϶Ҫˡ
ԼȻֳ˵ô̵ĻڸԼһ뿪ңҲ֪ôˣ֪ûˣûСš
þԼⱲеʱ
Ǵ鷢֮ѾŬĶˣЩ˵΢ھһʼľ֮꣬ķҲС˺ܶࡣ
군ˡԼǲҪˣ
ԼûиǸûøԭԼûв
ֲҽһԭֻӺҧļֱӽһҧ
ʹ̼ĵֲִ֪ﱬ˾˵ֱѿֻǯƣֻֿͷҲûأһߵҵĻֻֻ˼֮ȥ
ܿ죬ܿҪ뿪ˣ֮
ּϵ˿ڻһĺ֢ȴڴʱ˳ٶȲһʼ죬һʼǿȴֻܲǿ׳Ĺ󱳱צӸץ˺ü£Ѫġ
ʧѪǰذǰϰﶼ壬ɽ·ϵʯֱͷȥ๾ɽϹɽ¡
͹ľ뷴ˣԼ״̬ȴҲֹۡ
군ˡ
оԼ첲ȶˣֻҧվ
ΪվĻԼһСξĹͻɽԵ
#
Ұһ⸽죬ᵽ˿΢ɲѪζ
ɽϵˡ
˿ǷǳΣյģһ˹ʸӲ
Ұһ⸽Ѱֵټ⼸ȻһȴҲѸĵθˡ
˳Ѫζ﷢˲ڴ˵ѪҺѪûиɣʵĺɫ
ҰһɿĿһУȻҲܿǵѪӻнӡĲЬӡ֮⣬Ұһĺۼ
͹ôཻҰһһ۾ͿǹĽӡ²ҵ飬˳Žӡ׷˹ȥ
ֻϣԼü԰˸
ԶԶľͿһֻŵĴͷƤɫͷϳֻǣϵ·Ҳ֪ԭǺɫǱѪȾ͸ָɳɫġ
һǹҰһ룬ͳһɹ͸̫ķڣĲӣֻذױȷ绹Ҫ죬ڹûзӦʱ򣬾ֱӴ͸Ĳӡ
ͷȻûзֿǱ䴩˿ȴΪ渽ŵʳûϢʱֱӽһм
ôʶ𣿡ҰһǰסǸϮˣʶʵ
Ǹ˲ûлشԼֻ̧ͷҰһһۣȷ˲ǹʱֱӻ˹ȥ
֣
Ұһ󾪣Ͻסˡ
Ҫʱ̫ãһʼûϳ֣ڷ־Եͷ֮ϳ
ԭ˵ӡ
ƵĽͳˡ
Ұһ鸴ӣǸֹѪϵ˿ҩűȥ⸽ϡ
ԭסţ
ǧ꣬ҰһԼԭסǲס
ڸκ˿֮󻹸ɾ·ֻܿӲӻ¶ı
ҰһϷǳۣСϼÿ˶֪֪ףһ˺ܿ춼ᴫ顣
·˶ǳĿ֪ǵ·ĻʲôҪ
ôÿӦǴӶǱߵĴйİɡ
˼һ£Ȼ󲻽ĽڱϵǸˡ
֮Ұһñַǳ㣬ǽڻ˯ţͷļϣ˯ذȻûа취ָ·ġ
Ұһ֪סֻ·˸ùݣǮ˸̧˽ȥ
ڰ˸úִ֮ӷȥϰЩˮ
ʵ̫ˡ
鷳յˮ͵¥ȥ𣿡Ұһл˶ԷҵܻܵϢˣһҪϴϴ衣
ֹģõûеϴĵطģҪϴֻܼǮˮҰһȥӦòѶ೤ʱ䣬ԾͰϰЩˮȻϴϴϵۡ
Ұһֻϴһ˿ڸƤΪżټϲҲûȫס
û⡣ϰӦһպ˾͸ȥ
Ұһֻ¥ϣȥһСѾ˹ڴϣ֮ʶվȴڿſվŵ˵ʱסˡ


134 
ˣϻʹ𣿡Ұһغ, ʵ
ǡҵǸ𣿡Сʵ
ǵģҸϵʱҰһ߽䣬ӻĿڴͳһŷǰ
ʵľ滹ķ, ҲֵƷ˵ȥ, ʵǲ̫ó, ֻܽŸ, Ե㶫ɡ
Щԥ, ֪Լò, Լڴĵطȷɽ, ԹȥǸСɽ, ڤ˼룬㱼ǵû֮ǰԼǸˡ˵ȷôơ
ʱʵ̫ˣټʧѪǰڣûܿǰ˵ףֻܼ˵ĺɫͽɫ
ƹһ, ˵ȷǺڷ, ò൱ɫϴŵ·Ҳǳ, Ͳͨ˴ġ
˻ẦԼ
ԼҲûʲôԱӺİɡ
һڿˮǸŶӶùС
Ͻɽ, һ㶫, һò, ˵ϵʱ򻹾һҵ׷սԵǵ㶫ѾһɶԭŻоѹˣֿҰһķţͷǳʵıڵ뷨
ҲûҩҰһΪԼĻ죬һԼĵĳ԰ɣһһˮϴ裬ȥ
ֵǵͨ죬оԼ뷨͸ˣҲûоҩ
ûʲôϵԵɡҰһЦЦ̫ˣûԵĵ̯λֻܽųԵ㡣
ڵ˵ûʲôζĴ׶ѾǾζˡ
ȻҰһô˵ˣôҲ˲Լ棬˵ҿˡ֮󣬾ʹǸţǿ¶Լɫĺ̦
ҲԷţڳԵķžǷǳͨģȫ׷һģǳûʲôζ
ΪλԼķҲģҧµһڵʱȴĲ˲Ծ
ζ
ڵ㲻ϺãܹԱӾѾܼѣƽԵĲҲֻ˵Щеʱ򻹻ȥҰ˳ԣĻϲӪ͸ϣڲŻôӪ
Ϻͬ͵Ҫߴ࣬Ҳӽá
ڸĸûֳ͵ǶŵʱǵȻǳ࣬ȴһĸ͵͵ӵĵóԵĵģĻżҲһԳԡ
ֲ֪ô£ۿͻȻʼᣬֹס
ֻǳԵһѣΪʲôôҪޣ
ԼѾǸӺˣԼԼôǰ¶ô̬أø֪ˣԼһᱻģ
ҰһųͻȻᣬе㱻ŵˡ
ôˣǲó𣿡
ҡͷӲᣬûУǳóԣлл㡣
һĻУôż
һѾ㹻ˡּھͳԵǸţżƵĻ⣬ʳģųʱһ¶ӣڽֵĶ档
Ҳν
û೤ʱ䣬ҾͰˮ̧λˮѾպˣϴˡ
ǵķףûа취ϴ裬ǰˮͰһŵķ棬ҪϴĻҪȥԱߵķ䡣
ȥϴһ°ɣһҸ·ȥ·ѾҪˡ
ϻҰһ·ҰһڵαҪ׳һЩ·Ͽտյģ͵˴·Ƶġ
Ұһȥϴʱһʵ·Ҳ̫ڳ
̫鷳ˡ
ֻǾ֮Ͷѣ̫⡣Ұһ˵ץʱϴȻϢһ£ؼҡ
ųԼϰ֮ǰʱָͻȥӦòٵ
Ҳֻһͷĸŵȥ˸ڣԼȥϴ衣
滹дõĸֱʣֽҰһûԼĶŵṩֽʻһ·Ȼ·ȥϴķ档
ʱˣͰһС죬·ſڣ·ҷſˣһֱӴ
ڿ㶼÷ˡ
ϴʱ֣Լԭɼǵ˿ھȻѾõòˣֻʣôһ΢ĺۼ
ֻԼ֮ǰܵ˾ǲģַǳȷԼȷ˹λҲûзϡ
档
ϴҰһѾ̺˴˱棬Ѿҵ֣ȻҲõʲô
ûмǴĻԼ뿪֮ȥ˶
ڶĽһ֮ͯĥھ洫̡
̣һˣϲԳƯֿɰˡ
ԼǴŮװ
е߳ܡ
ץͯĥǸ쵰ˣϴԼɱҲ֪ûȥơ
Ҳȥȥǵó
˭֪쵰˶ٸˡ
ϵʱȥǸһͯĥɣԵĻȡǸ쵰ȥơ
ҰһѾ۾˯ˣ־һҪʣȴһ˵
ϵ·ӾϸⱲӶûдİ·᲻ô·˯ոմõ·
ȵڶ컹ûʱ˯־ͱҰһԵɵɵϴϣֱҰһ緹վõ棬ŷӦ
ҼҾڸ˵ĻҼһ°ɡ
ˣһҪȥϰأĻ֮󻹻һμġ
ڲŲ6:00үѰ͵ңȻ뿪ʱ̫ûг
ſķ䣬ֲ֪Ϊʲôþɥ
ԼܹӹһٱסԼλ֪
Ҳ֪ԼܲټȻ󱨴
Ұһȥʱû˯Ӧһֱͨļڡ
ҰһЩΣԼϳȥĻӦÿ԰һģðô
ںĻֻ́ͷһҰһˣôҵ𣿡
ҵˡҰһԱߣԾİʣµļô˵ءȻǰ˼ȶķչеġ
Ҳǲܲ
δķ򿴣Ӧ⸽һҩݣֵĸסȻͼӽɱӡ
֮ԼͻͲʵּ棬һᡣ
Ƣ꣬ҲΪðԼ͹ɱӵĴѣϾɱӵĴҶǺˣǡ֤һ¡
ƣڵʱûйһͯĥˡ
ƵļԺܺãǾֵסǼǧǰ顣
ιȴҡҡͷ
ûӡ󡣡
ͯĥˣ֮һħƲܶûӡ
εҰһҲ﹤ˣĵһļһߣվҪܳȥ
ôˣ
ҳȥһˣ
Ұһһûȥ֣¼̵ֽĽſڡ
û˾İݷãǲΣֱȥ˵ԼͯĥǸ䡣
ǸװɻĴŽɫͷ
мϣпһˣñӱһߣܿͷѪһĺɫƺʲôŤͷſڡ
ѽⲻǧСôôѽ


135 
Ұһ, ȴûͯĥȻгԼһ֡
Ҫǣڵͯĥ֪Լ֡
Ϊڼͯĥ֮ģʱԼ֪Լʲô
ͯĥ, һߵñӴͷϣǧС㣿Ѿ, Ϊʲôأ֪ҿõġ
䷿֮û, ŮҲ⡣
Щĸǳ, ںܾúܾ֮ǰҰһѾԹ, ͯĥ˵, Ҳ϶ġ
Ұһǰ, ͯĥӡΪ̵ӡ
ȷϲҰһŮ·, ڵǧС״̬
ûûӡͯĥľʵջţߵǰ
ͯĥĸӺܸߣҰһҪ˽һͷҲȲôҲԲֵҰһúܶ࣬ôǰһվ, ʮѹȸС
ͯĥ
û뵽ô, ȻܹһװСҵ֣˷ܵĺ޲ܼܵȦˡͯĥ৵һ, סԼ°Ȼ, һȥһ, Сڲ, һ˺ܾõĳ;ɡ
Ұһֱӻӿ֣ô֪ҵģ
ףѵڵǧС㲻ʶǸ𣿲ѽǰнµʱ䣬Ǵûгֹġ
ͯĥ˵Խ࣬ҰһԽ֣˵ЩһֵĲ룬֪ȥ
ˣǴԽˡ
ûûʣһֱӦôԼʱľǧСĻ̶ȸߣܹ׼ȷݳءͯĥ˦Ҳ⣬ںԼŷ磬ŵɴᣴ߲ʵͫЦ⣬էһۿֻһԸȽϻÿʵ˧˶ѡǷǳŮԻӭģͳĽȫŮ˾ͿԿһ㡣
ͯĥҲǳóŮӵĻģֻҪǸŮ˾ͿԱҲΪʲôԻڵԭ
ô
ͯĥúָһԼ۾Ϊ֮ǰǧС˵ˣһصСʱ򣬵ô˵ءȻһֵ»һΣҲ޷ǵΪȻһߵ˽زأȻһǸʺϹʲôĸͲʺҡ
Ұһע⵽ͯĥ۾ֳˡ֮ĸ֡
ɱͯĥ֮ǰͯĥѾ࣬Ѿʧ
Ҳ˵ͯĥȻص˹ȥѡ޲ң޲ұ˹ȻԼ̷ֽ
ϵϢԭǿԼy޲ң֪⼸ͯĥԵ˶ˡ
ҲΪʲôͯĥڸôվҰһǰʱ
ʵѾǰǿ̫ˣy޲ӲӲ˵Ұһ
ôǽҰһεļûǹ
ǿǧС㣬϶һ޶ǧС㣡
Լص˹ȥ¿ʼôװСһҲԼһ
Ǻ޸ݵĲ룬ôľá
ԣֻҪȵһ죬ԼԿһεȵ
΢е룬廹Ԥ֮еġ
ΪװСȷϡ
ҲˣһǴżģȻǰôʱ͹Լ
ڽ֮ͯĥʱ޿̶˼ǧС㣬Ҫٺһ档
ֻҪһ뵽ǧС㣬ʳǣܶԼˡ
һȥģԼʵȻԼԤƵĻҪǿ˲١
ʵڲУ޲Ҵ˸Եˡ
ԼͿԱɹ˰ɣܵ޲Ҵ˵Ŀơ
Ȼ޲ҴҲƲԼˡ
ͯĥйܶྪ׵뷨ڼ޲ҵʱĵ뷨ǰɵԼϡ
ǲ֪Ϊʲô޲Ҵ˾Ȼȫûвʲôʳ̬ȱһ¡
һǹһطȻ׸鷳
ֻͯĥûкͺĲ˴λȡ֮˼
ɺܺ⡣
ȻǧСʶʱԼ֮ôԼһκǧСʶʱԼҲһ֮
ͯĥֱҪԼжˡ
ԼôҵѰǧСһμԼһᱻԼжȻѡԼġ
ȻҲͳ˵ˣʲôΪʲôһ𣿡
ʵ͵ƽ֮Ͳ֪淢ʲôͯĥǿ϶ġ
ͯĥԼ汳˹y޲ңܹӳ޲ҵ׷ɱĲʵ֣ԼĹɱӶԱǾԲŹġ
࣬ȴҲ
ԹɱӵĴҵĴ˵ֻǱ
ǧУ
ʧ֮˳ȥȻ󱻺̸ɱˡͯĥƮƮ˵ԼѶȻҾͻصҸճûõʱ򣬵һ룬ǧСһҲһ»ص˹ȥô¿ʼǧСʲôأҷǳ棬Ȼ˳ıһδ
ıʲô
ǸŮӽλݶ԰ɣҰץˣ벻һô˵Ҳǰѣ֮һץŶǸɱҵĲʵ֣ץסˣǰʵڡҲ̫˰ɡ
ǰͯĥʵǿ󣬻˵Χ֮ȥ˲Ҳñ׷ɱʲôá
ǼȻһεĻᣬΪʲôҪѡǰһĻأ
ǰɱĲʵֺͺλˣȴ׵ץĳ䡣
λĶԵʵͯĥ˽ȥ
ҲΪʵŻͯĥҰһǰੲݣһС
ΪҰһϵϢɺǰһƽͣҲ˵Ұһʵû١
һҲˣ᲻ʲôȤ
Ǹˡ
ŲҪҺòװǸץˣΪʲôҪǸŵСôҲҪһҰɡ
˵ʲôɵ
û˵ɵͯĥ֣˵һ°ҰһΧԼ֮ľֻҪ΢һͷҲҪлǣǵĻҲˡ
Ұһʵ벻ͨͯĥ֮ĹϵΪʲôԳϣҪϵҲҪǸ¤ϰɡ
ѾʲôͯĥЦЦĿҰһܹʲôǼڻúõĻŶûбɹûǸСҲûбԼĸ׳ԵŶͯĥƵ˵ôûĺܰҪĻ컹ԿŶ
Ұһ̧ţһŽ˳ȥƤЦѲʵֺͺλݸŵ
ͯĥˣֻǺ˼ŲҪأ˵˲ˣСȡ֡
ҰһĻشͳԼıʣû˵͹˹ȥ
ͯĥܹñȹȥҪǿ϶ǳ˺ܶˣھȻܹôȻĸԼҫԴΪʱ
˲ʲôʱ˵Ŀɶ
ȥŶԣ
Ұһڷŭ֮࣬ȴ뵽һЩղűԼӵĶ
ΪͯĥĲ֣ԼδŻᱻı
ԣֻǲʵֺͺλݵĻ
ôԭԼʧôһ£
ͯĥӲĽҰһһڽصһ֮󣬾Ȼȵ۾ǿˡ
ǧСҲԼȫûб仯ðʱεǧСһᱻƬƬɣʱεʵÿ¾ɱˡ
ͯĥ׾ٵľ˵ĿɿڴĻǧС顭ǲ֪ɣɱʱεԼģôСôأ
˵仰֮һֱϸĹ۲ҰһҰһȻ¶ϲı顣
ȻǻڵģȻôأ
ԣԣֻһͯĥҲֻһǧС㣬֮һǧСͻʧֱɱһңôûɱԼǧСȥأҲ²¿
ҰһѾµˡ
ΪԼʱһԼͬʱ֣ԶʱǿԼ˳ȥ
ȥƽȥδأ
ҰһȷԼãԼȥƽ
ĻԼ粻ͳΪһջ
Ұһﾭſ籩꣬ȴҪҵλݺͲʵ֣ͯĥԸ񣬿϶˲ĳ䡣
ǺܶǣԼȫ޷ıδͯĥȴԡΪʲô


136 
ҰһڵõԼҪõĴ֮, Ҳû֣ȫû飬ֱͯĥҪȥ
ԭʱеֵҪǿ, ѾԭԼǸڹɱǳɱ
޲ʱ, ҲСĵע⵽ѵ
ΪҲ¡
ѵ˿ҪǷǳѵ, ϵĹ̷ǳʹ, Ҫܾòܹȫָ
ԹεĿ, ԺһҰһͻʶ, Ҳԭڡ
ͯĥڲ֪
µëʵò, Ǳʸ˵Ĳ, ԭҰһıʾǻڵĽɫڻ˽ɫıʸˣҲûʲôһĵط
ǻһѡ
ɾӣȴͯĥһ
˼˼㿪ҰһĹǵǽȴһۼû¡
˵ԼĲٿѾһ£֪ղһĴԼϾжۡ
ͯĥ¡
ʵѾɳ޲, ѵڵҰһʵǿ
ǻ, ǲܴ
ϾԼǹмʱԱǿ, ǧСֻһͨ࣬ô츳, ҲԲɱ˺üԼ
пϷҰһ, ׼ͷŶ, ֻĻû취˵ҵģûа취ȳǼСɰ
ҰһЦһȥͯĥơ
Ϊ֪ǽҰһŻͯĥڵұաϾģ˷ڵҲҪµķΪ֮һ
һҲͯĥٶһֻҪ˵һ仰ϵ̷ͻأֱó
ֻǱ˵ѣֲҰһһֱƲϹNN
Լνڵ湫˽ãþ۲ҰһĹȴôá
ڿͯĥҰһʱֱӽԼеıʸˣٿڻϷҰһʱָͷǽʵľӸڳ˼
һԺ϶ᵽϵģԼ£Ժܵģ
ͯĥڶһ֮Ȥ̶ֳֻȣǺģΪڴ˺ܾúǧСĽ棬ҼǵõսƽɫȽг̫Ҳġɱ̫ûгѾԼð˵̫гˡ
ͲҰһ̫Ļᡣ
𣿡Ұһ΢΢һЦʲôûо̫Цˣ֪ʱһֱڽһֱ̲Էֻ㰡
Ȼ˵ͯĥ׻Ǳʱ۹⣬ʹδӴִҰһǲôһ㡣
Ǵǰھԣû뵽ҰһӴԽڶжʧ
ڸҲûл֮ýڽڰˣҲһһĵ۸Ѫģ
ǰôһˣ϶ò˶೤ʱͻָϣʱôˣС˾Ȼûϣһֱڲͣ˿ڡ
ͯĥڲ˲Ծ
ҿˣԭǧСʱһֱԼѾҹĿ࿴أҲãܹȤʲôı䶼ûУͯĥŻԴ˸е
ȻֻôһǰؾֿһӣӦѸ٣ָѾмˡ
ܵʱҪģĺܿġҰһ˵ǳлĻش𣬲Ѿǿ˵㻹ھȥȽϺá
ȫû飬ڿдһɱ֣ǸŽֱͯĥֻҪմһ㣬ͯĥͻᱻֳַ顣
ɱͯĥ£Ըá
ͯĥҪ㿪ȴǳ۾Ƶģ׺Լ󡭸Ͷ㲻
⾿ʲô
ҪĶ
޲˵ҰһǾͯĥѶԸһЩѪеĿԽݶסĶ൱ļ֣Ȼ£ֶǳʹ࣬ҲӵӰķӡ
Ȼ㲻Ǿֻӭȥ
ͯĥӣһɱͶӶɵķ籩ҰһϮɷ籩ԶҰһ֪еҪǿö࣬ԳƵǱѩ
ԭԵÿڱѩϮ¾ȻԵխѩ֮Ա˱飬ҰһûеطԶء
ѩͯĥһҰһϣֻһʱ䣬վԭصҰһѾ˱顣
ԭصһ£ȷǸûбƿȷҰһȷǱ
ͯĥЩźǵġһҲϲⱻĿڸС
ȻǧСĻҲǲܡ
𱻶˵ǧС㣬ǸϲʻĿЦŭǸˡ
ǧСڸͲҲûа취
ǰӺ֣űסҰһĲ֣ôͺˣʵһҲϲš
ͯĥͻȻоһʹһӲ仮͵ĽͣȻͯĥ˳ֽ
ҰһƮƮŵĲǱʣһѷźֵ
ѵԵһģ⼸ŵʱԵһ˼ó
ֵȽϷ㡣
ͯĥŭЦ̫ɰˣû뵽С㾹ȻֵزһֻԼͷһֻһȭı顣
űѣġҰһҲʧ
ͯĥҪԼͷŻزӣͷͲ֮󣬲ûϤɱŷֳ״̬
ѵǰ޲ҿһǧ˰Ƭĵ޲Ҫ𣿡
޲Ҵ˵ȷǿûдҲǲ֮һսҵĲٿѾʧЧˣҪɱֲǲܵ顣ȻԼͷȥôͯĥͲִŵİͷȥǴµԴ
ס޲ҴƬһǧ˰ƬĲǼ̹ԵһѵӦڵ壿ôͯĥä㣬԰ɣѵ̹Եһ𣿡
ûУѾˣѵȷġ
һõֻм̹ԵһѵʱܷʮɵҰһԼʹѵʱ޷ӳȫ
Ұһ˵ʲôʵڵԵһҪǿö࣬һʮ᲻˵ġ
գ֮佻˼ʮΣҰһòϣ֮ͯĥʵѾսʱڵͣĶˣӮ˭治һ
ͯĥںҰһ˼֮ȴеķԼĶóٶڲƺʲôƻ࣬ϵסʹȴԼļ˥䡣
Сʲô
ʲôû
˴򶷵СʱȻֻмӣ̸ֽвͯĥĹ̶̵ļʱֽ̡
ڻǰ죬峿ҲܹҪǵ
ּսֵȼĹԲֵģ˵æټսֵôһ˲ͻᱻɳȥȻɹ̫ҷ
źһײͯĥ汻ײ˳
촦ץԼͷ
еĹΪͯĥɹ̫֮ͯĥֻϳ˱ɹĺۼûͨһɹ̫һ˲ͻҷ
ԣܵ׷վſڵҰһһǡ


137 
Ұһס
ͯĥΪҰһǺ, ˭֪ҰһȻΪ
һˡ
Ȼƴûи߹Ұһ֪ʵżҲӾ濴Լ
࣬ǺܶҪʱʱϹĶ
Ҫ˵ʲô֪ǾԲܵ, ֻ˶һ΢ƽ⡣
Ҳ֪ռǿԼôƵĳѾһ, ҪǲšԼ뿪һ
Ҳղһ¡
Լʱ, ƿ϶᲻Ҳˬ, ڷô, ͯĥô, Ͽ̫ܲùˡ
ʱ϶򿪾ҪԼΪʲôȥ
ղͯĥԼ϶Ѿ, ڷǡ
ף˰ɡ
ҲףԼˡ
Ѿɹ̫𣿡Ұһʵ, ûмǴĻ㻹ǹ
ͯĥվ£ѾϹǡڼ֮ͯĥԼû취Լɹ̫ˡ
Щһ¸޲Ҵˣûиߣ޲ҲͨЩʲôӶ֪¡
Լô˵Ҳô꣬ǧСһ, ԼĶô¶ҲǺܲ˵
ӾҪǰ˲
ͯĥڲ¹y޲, ȴ֪y޲жôѲǸһʵǿ˵, սʽҲ൱֣ԼѪ˵ʱǷ, Թûʲôá
֮ǰ˺͹y޲Ҹһĳ嶯, ܰ޲Ҵ˸ˡ
޲Ҵ˵ѪҺʱ;޲Ҵ˵ѪҺζĺ, ֻôһԼǿԵ޲ңԼǲǿԳ׳Ϊ֮
;е㼤
ͯĥ˻֣ӰĹǾֱӱͯĥĽ˳Ǳ¶£ɱڡ
ǰ죬y޲һѾŮԼ͹ˡ
Ҳǰ죬ȻԼҪԵģǧС֮⻹йy޲ҡ
y޲ҿ϶ŪԼΪʲôɹ̫ˡ
ͯĥһԼĲӡ
ԼͷͲӵĽĨƵģŬ\巽ʴţԷԼֿ
ôϽнսʳʹԶһɱʹĶࡣ
ڵͯĥеôɴɱЩˣŻָá
ûйϵ滹вٴЩҲԡ
ɱĹ̼ʧ·ûϳֹ
ҰһǲûκεֻϣܹڵĿһ㡣
ЩתͶ̥
ͯĥɹ̫ǲᱻ̫Ӱ죬ʱɹ̫ǻᱻ̫ڻģҰһûˣ̫ߣͯĥʹ򲻹Ұһټڳƣһʱֻܱ׷Ŵ
Ұһ׷˼£ȴͯĥĿ񲢲ĿԵǰĳһط˦Լ
ǸطҰһûȥ֮ǰ̽εʱҲûз쳣
ͨ䡣
ͯĥ⸽ʱһգ֮¾ʧȥӰ
ҰһɲǰĽȺͷˡ
ķ͸Ժڶ࣬ǰԺǿԼǵһ㣬ȫǲˡ
ԼȻѾ⸽ĵΣʱôãԭĲ֣ҪǵԼܲ³Ұһȴȫ벻ˡ
ҰһӻͳһɫֽСֽˣһЩСֽ˾ǻƵģરવɢҰһѰͯĥ䡣
ͯĥţôʱ䣬϶뿪ܵҰһ˸ߴϣվøһԷֲԾĵط
Ұһ׷ŵͯĥһ˵Ρ
ѺŲٲ֪ǻ࣬ȫЩĿԼֻԼĽͽЩǱ˵ʳ̫һԼǲҲҪˡ
γ˴ʳ֮⣬ûôڻ˹ѺɱӳԱΡ
ΪĲʵֺͺλڲ֮ǰ˹̶ֱס̶һߵϣһʱѲǵֵҲǻԵʱˣЩ˵ʱûϸ飬Ҵ
λݺͲʵϲŵó
λݵЬ׶Ϊ͵ϮõĵƬʱԼֻǵƬԽʱЩġ
ղȫܳȥˣǲǷʲôλһ߸ԼһһߵĲʵ֡
ҪܳȥҲôĿ
ҪЩ֪Ѿˣָʲôأڿ϶ǺģҪǴӳȥ
ʵڳΪɱӵĶԱ֮ǰϰͨɱºֵҲϰԵϴͨڷ
ЩûϸѲϣȻϵЩ϶ᱻˣСذ׶Ͻǲõġ
λ˵ĻҲЩ֣Ųܡ
ǴӻԵΪʲôûбԵֻǱʲôĿԡ
ǸץסĽ֮ǰ˵һʲôǺãҪúõĶԴ
ѲҪԼ׸޲
֪Ͻ뿪ʵ˺üΣǶȲʹκβ
ֻоֲŻãҲ˵ֻȻ;ִ˹ϵ˵ֱӴӾ͵ġ
ʵҧҧ۶ԼִĴָȻԼִѳ
ûôʱƵĿλݼʵַҲѧ۶ԼָȴʵָֹˣʵۣòԼִĴ̶ָһ£ȻԼСذףϡ
ˣǿߡ
ֵûĻȫǹĴӪ޷棬˵ӳȥ
ڸֵ֪Щ
Щ뿪Ҫġ֪ǵľݵ㣬ôɱ֮ͻģĹɾ
Ҫ뿪
λҲҧҧŲʵִη
ηǸǣ棬ǹʱҲǱֻˣűģ֪Ǹʲô
ڵεĲ÷ǳ򵥣һUͽṹֻҪ˳һ߾ͿԴӾͷ¥ݳȥ
ڵĺλݺͲʵָͶԼĽŲ
ηȥǲŷ֣ﾹȻѺʮˣŮٽУڶһϢ档ֻûһסֽţȴҲѾʧȥӳȥĶôĻ档
ǱڵСЩСҲôֻܹ⿿һ쿪壬ӵľֻľͷդš
Ҳ֪Ž⣬Ǹûа취Щ˲ܣ˶һۣøĵƬȥЩľդ
ЩС˲ţЩһµĴӵǵ𣿡
ǸմӳλһõƬЩľͷһ߻شһǾȳȥġ
ô˵е˺˷ܣǸ˻޶ԡ
˶ȥˣһζûгɹ
һ˶Ӳߣοôһӡ
ǻԼϽܰɣٲܾˡиôȰλֻҡͷУҲܷǲܡ
ЩһֱûлҲĵģŬһ£˺һŰеľդŪϣ˸˳
ҲҪһߣЩûлʱ뿪
һء¥ݵľͷ˽Ļ硣
ס·̨λݺͲʵͫ׽ͨ˸
ǽץ֮
ŶѽŶѽⲻʵֺλôӳˣ˵ЩСһ͵͵ǸųˣͯĥԼͷ̵Ĵ̨
˲֪еЩСһ﾿Ǳͨ˻ǹֻˡ
ڲӺͷۣǰѵϲ֪ʲôʣһֱڲͣ˿ڣʵǿһֱڵѹڿ϶Ѿɷɻȥˡ
ʲôǿأ
޲Ҵ˵ѪҺ֮⣬ֻгһ·ˡ
ʹŵȽǧСǱ֮ͽǧСԵȻٰɱӵŮˡ
ΪЩû֮û취ܣڿԼ͹Щɱӵء
Լ֮⣬ΪٵͨˣЩڼͯĥ֮ŵú޲õͷܣﻹиղŵľ
ǵģԼܾˣΪʲôҪЩˣͯĥЩΣҿɰǷѾ˼ץʳ
Ƕ࣬ΪʲôҪǳԵ
Ǿ仰ʲôţﾺ棬Ǵ򲻹ңԾҪҳԵѵûгԹѼ𣿳ţʱûû뱻أ׷׾ΪǹվʳĶ˰ˡͯĥһ˵һ߶Լͷߣǵֵˣ򲻹ҵģǹԹԵıҳԵˣҲһҶĴ£ԺɣԵϣһϼء
λݻס˺ͨˣСİοǼ䣬ֻȫûãʵֵ˵ǰ棬ֱͯĥѹ
򲻹֮˵ûҪͨˡ
ڱѡ
ͯĥ˷ʱ䣬֪ǧСʲôʱҵҪϽһУ˷Ƥ˵ֱ˷ͯĥܲʵֺͺλҪʱ˼ֱֽʵָץ˹
ʵȻذףذڿͯĥϵʱ򣬾ֱӱӲƤˡͯĥһֱԼͷһַֻץʵֵĸ첲΢֮ͽʵֵұ۸Ťϡû뵽ʵֱŤ˸첲ȴ˷ͯĥµЬ̽һ幫ֵĵУ׼ͯĥĲӡ
֪ͯĥĲǱֵģΪͨɵġ
Ь׵ĵҲǺֵͬĲʣսʱԷһġ
ֻµĵǰͨذһϣû취ͯĥƤ˿ڡ
ͷΪʲôϣλݷ˲ԾĵطĲбսĺۼ
ʵ˺λݻ˼ͯĥôżﲹһˣĳ̶ȣԼͺλȥʱ϶شģھ˿ûԼҪôʼǣһƨ൱żӡ
ǲͬŹæˣ
ǼȻǱֵ˲ӣΪʲôܻ
Ѿ˱ֵϲӶĳ̶
ֲеҶȥ޻أ
ڱץסʱڸȴŵѻѾķֲԮȥˣҲ֪Լ˯˶೤ʱ䣬ֻܹôص˵һǳǿ
ڹɱǿڤĻԡ
ͯĥϵ˲Ǳڤܹģ˵һĻ
˭ζпεľٲ
ڹ˵鱨
һҪƴݳȥ
λݺͲʵֶһۣڶԷ￴ľģλݰѵڵϵĵӸʵ֣ͯĥֻǴһͽĵжѵ˵ϡ
һֻССİɫֽ˴ʵᣬڵҲȫûټϵǻ谵Ĵڲûκ˷֡
εЩСֽʽɢĸѰͯĥӰֻСֽʽײķĿꡣ
Ұһ鱨Ȼߵһ̨ȥ׷ͯĥȥ
ѾߵͯĥĽŵףͯĥҲûзСֽʽĴڡ
Ұһõͯĥλ֮󣬱˲СֽˣֱӸȥǱߡ
ǸصڵλһСͤӣųĴŶĻȣȵȷǿúͯĥ˳ܽġ
⸽ûкۼղҲû죬Ҳ֪ǴȥģŵĻʲô
Ұһʽİ֪֮ǿյģ˶ۼڿڸĵطҰһûй˼ʲôֱӽһȭҿȻǸֱ׵Ķȥ
ҪѲʵֳԵͯĥ֮ն˷ɽʯ飬ŲʵֵĲǰ
ҪΪʵҰһУͯĥô˵ҲһǳעԼƸҹܺʱԼþԲûзȵ顣
Ȱ㲻ҪŶͯĥŲʵֵĲӸҰһ˵Ҫһ֣λɾˡ
ҰһڵͯĥһѾǿ˾ͱǿˣΪֹܲܲҪѧ޲ҡ
ͯĥףλ𣿡
ҪϢĲʵۣԺʲô漴ԼֻһɣԼһǸڷµ˸˹һߡͯĥץֻ첲Ҳжˡ
ͯĥֻʣ˶ԼԴ֡
ҰһӾͳֵڲʵֱֵߣܶܶĻͰ˸ͳȥҰһ⻰ǶԲʵֺͺλ˵ģλѾӵһߣλһ
˼ͨˣλںģİ˵˲þ㵣ǰŵĵ·ͱһըˡ
ǽһǴңдӵͨĵ·ҰһְѲʵԼʱըĶڴԼ档
ᰡҪһҾܰԵˡͯĥţ޲Ҵ˿϶ϴһˡ
˵޲ҵ֣޲ҲԼڽȻ޷
ͯĥһȦҰһÿ춼ܼǸӺ
û£Ľȥˡ


138 
ͻȻֵͯĥһ, ŤͷһǸ, ֿһҰһԱá
ǹ
š
ƴƬ˳ûзͯĥ˵Լǹ仰, ߵҰһߣ˷̫ʱˡ
Ұһ޹ЦЦǸȰҾͻȥ
ħǱȸ٣һȥʱǵøħݼ, ĽҲ۵ˡ
ðɡ
ħͯĥä, ͨɱ˻˵
ϧڳ˶û
ҰһְλÿµĹʶǳɹۣҲͨϲģһĽϿԶͨµĹ, Ҫ˿϶Ҫġ
ҰһȱǮ, ڵʱҲôϲѻٻ͹īֽ֮ģǧĹʻǳɹ, ˵ڹƵĴ󲿷ʲѾϽһĽ治ϡ
˵һ콱𴿴Ϊ˱̬ȡ
ڳҰһѾļޣǲԶɱͯĥ, ޲ðһǧ, ֮ǰǲᶯֵġ
Ϊйһǲͽָж, , Ͱ岻ְҵԺҲ˿ࡣ
ֻҪˣͯĥĻԲô
˵ſ۹ʵ飬ǱͯĥʱϽܣļһϵϢǳԼǧС㶼򲻹ټһ򲻹ˡ
ԼҪʲôҲҪУûʲô¶ˡ
ͯĥڵص㣬˵ʱ򣬾ûעԼ˳ŸղҰһ򿪵ͨ뿪
ǹ⣬ֱӽе˳ȥ
ǧͨ˸òԶ˵ʳ˹ҲԺ˵ӳԼʱ߳
ҲܣͲ뿪ˡ
ͯĥӲĸҽǽ
Ȳǽھҵĳ˲䵹޴ֱͯĥҴĵǽſͣ£ʧȥ˼ǽڳصķƺЩҡҡ׹Ϸ
Ǹ޴ѹͯĥϣֻײѪģѾؿڸˡ
ƵʲôûԵһĵһνմףֻǸҼӲѡǸͯĥҪְԼϧƸòԶϵĳأһʱỹѲ
ͯĥԤУԼܲˣ99%ĿԻֱ
⼸Ȼ˵ע⡣
ղΪսɢ˺Ӷ˶Χ˹λݺͲʵֶõϵձϰߵѾǳˣҲǲ֪㡣
ǵʱҰһ͵ΪȴǵǹǹɱӵĳԱû뵽澹Ȼһ
û뵽ǾȻǱģ
ҹɱӵҲûôǸͯĥϵ˿ڡֻǸͻȻֵĺڷ˿ˡ
ǸǧС㡭
ǲ
¡ľȻҲļ٣Щͨ˸ҪһЩԲʵֺͺλѡȽЩֵɢ뿪ͨҲȫߡ
ѾսˣЩͨһ˵
Ҳ֪ɱӵĴʲôʱܹ
ǸǸ˵ս˶ҪǿĶ࣬˵ӦòõǡʲôĻѰ
˷˲پŰŵ˻ǻʱԭõĺԺѾһƬǽ塣
ελϿһ󶴣ͨǸλݺͲʵվڶ￴ȥÿԿڵϵͯĥվһߵҰһ
̧ͷվڶڵĲʵֺͺλݣֻҪˣҪɱ𣿡
ҰһҲҪ£ùɱӵ֣˵ǹһǵ˵Ҳһ¡
ﷸеʱҪ෽濼ǵģĺºͻ֮⣬˵ƶҲһЩ߰ҪۺϿ֮ȷЩߵĹޡ
ⶼǶͨĵ˵ġ
УҲ£˴֮ϲܵĳͷаűɱ˲ˣȴΪڵûܵͷ
Լǻ񣬸ձһԹ֮ԼҪɱʲô˼ֱ׾٣ħĸ٣ߵУΪǱҪǲᶯɱˣͽ˵ġ
ҰһڵԸʳΪ񣬵ǧŷѾԼҲзΧ֮⡣
ԼԸ⶯֣Ϊ˼ԼٵݣǲҰһͯĥ顣
Ͳʲôѭ浸صˣΪħĵһ֮ǰʲô¶൱ºΪ˵ĵһ٣ԸҲȫûиı䣬ֻǱѹѡ
޲ˣû취Ұһȥ޲ҵ鷳
һҰһǿ϶ôŹģƽȫΪ֪Ժ϶ᾭ֣ʱɾͲڵˡ
ڿ֣ͨҰһȻǺõģҰһԸֵ֮ĻҪԼҲȫûйϵġ
ⶼҪԼ뷨
ǲʵֺͺλûж
ΪƳĺͨ಻һ
ͷнǣҶҲͨһԲĽǺͶĻĺͨһģһ
ѵҲһҹ
ǡֶûж⣬ҹ
ѾЩͨ˸ɢ𣿡ҰһҲǣ뽻ǰɣһ¾ͺãܿͿԽˡ
ͯĥƵڵ϶ãĴ󲿷ֵֿҰһɵ˿ϵĸʴˣؿͱ˸ԴҪֳһ޸ؿڣһֳȥ޸ǰ˿ڣϵ˿ھͻһʴ
ǵġôˡ
ͯĥ˼һ£ӣ÷ӱԵԼ塣
ԼȻٲԼֿ
ٶǳðգΪﻹжԼĹƺҰһ
ڲʵֺͺλݷǳ֪˵ݾʲôˣڲǾʱ
˶һۣʵȴ
ֱӽͯĥԼֿ°߷ˣϰͯĥĿɿڴĺܲΪʲô͵Ϯҡ
ץʱ䡣ƿһۻʱѾԼƽϰĵ㣬Ƿˡ
ΪͯĥĻԼͲ֪˷ôʱϣ
˵žͺôˣҵʱҪŶҰһʵԶЩˣɱӵĶǶܿӦÿ쵽˰ɣһ¾ͺˡ
ǲĶѡ
ҰһıЩ΢þûô˵ء
Ҳ֪ǵİΣǵͯĥһġ
ͯĥץסԼ°ֽԼϣֻƳһۣһŲĲϣ˳˼ţǵҲ𣿡
֪ԼӲӵͯĥǳûйҡҡͷҪҡͷʱԼͷѾûˣֻգգ۾ûûС
ץʱ䣬Ѿٵˡƴߴٵ
Ҫôż
˰֮кܶҪ㲻Ҫе鶼ϵɡ̾һ֪֮󲻾䵽еĹ°ǵôˣƻóɣкܶʱԺˣ
˵ˣʵʱ򣬹ƲźۼĿһͯĥͯĥһۿĻ䣬ȴԼĲһʹĿʼ


139 
ڵͯĥ
һڵʧȥ˺, һã磬ƮƮվʬϷ
ʵֺͺλݲûпѾȥͯĥ, ֻܿǸ˽Ѿʧȥ˷ͯĥɱˡ
Ѿȥͯĥ, Լ嵱Ʈ˳ӸסˡҪǷŵʱס, ǷڣȴҪʵ, Ѳ
֮, ͯĥܹĲϵϢ
ǺԼԼλϵϢȫͬĸо
һѹֳصȴֳϣסܵĿֻǿžҪ
ԶȿȥҪֲ
ﻹקǣͯĥǸ, ֻҰһ֮, ʣµ˶ǸӣֻܿǸ֮⣬ǣĶ
ֳһ̫Ĳ²⡣
ʬ㻹Ҫ𣿡Ұһʵ, ҪĻ͸ǡ
Ҫǿ϶Ҫ, ǹ֮ǵʬɻҳʧ, ס, ǰɱҲŰѹʬо, ÿһǽɱ֮󣬹ʬͻɻҳûоֵǾͷˣ
λݵ˵ͷȻҡҡͷʬǴ治סģ֮ǵʬʧ
ǵǲõġҰһóһհ׾ᣬϵͯĥʬ˽ȥѾõݸ˺λݣȻִһͳ˼֧ܡ
ЩҩˮҰһоģԽҩˮͯĥǺűġ
ֻѡ˹ѡ
ҩˮԽˣҪô춼ԣѡȨ㡣ҰһҩˮݸλݣЩҩˮļ㹻y޲ұˣԼŰˡ
Ļ͸¶ŶԺλݵôصĶ۾գ͸˶Էλһ£Ľ˹
Щҩˮкֻܶ࣬˺ü꣬󲿷ֶѾˡҰһ԰ԭЩȫˣȻɫ˰һµġ
Чȵֻǵñ˰ҪһЩ
Լһʼҩˮõͨɫ˰õԭϣɫ˰ٻӽġ
ǲܵ£ǷڵĻͲǲˡ
еʱڵûͻȥٻɫ˰ЩһЧѾЩʵˣָЧУȫô䡣
ڵЩû취ĹϢҲ֪ĹܵôĶԴԼԹ˲Ͼôȥıˣ
еʱ򻹻룬Ϊʲô޲Ҵ˻ôΣյһˡ
ֻΪˡ
ȻЩҲģ޲Ҷǲãܹ޲ҲҪԷöôҡ
ûڵܿ࣬޲һ֡
һѽ
λݽӹЩҩˮֶڶƺָֻ֧ŵǿùҩ
ǹɱоôʱ䣬ҪĶȻһӱ˵õ
ŲţúȥʵҲνҰһҩˮ֮ǣվһߵĹƵ֣һʾ뿪
Ǹǧλ֧߬ҩеΪʲôҪأ
Ұһı鶸ȻÿֲȻΪ޲ѽ
Ұһ˵޲ҵ֮󣬹ɱӵ˾Ȼش
ǰҰһܹ޲ȺˡʵԭʹԲ˾Ǹʲôݣǿҩķûѯʡ
ȻҪĻΪƿɹ̫
ƾôվ£ɹ̫Ҳûоòʡ
ƱҰһһ֣һ£һֻڵá
שʯ̾͵ĵһγˮһһȴǰ򿪡ֻϧʵֺͺλݶֻܿҰһһ˾ôʧ
еҩΪξΡ
Ȼֱ뿪ɱӵ˲١
ԶСںŵɱӶԱ½ϵֻܿĺԺΪսһƬǽ壬ȴûп֮
ڣô㣿СڸеԶǻΪϹӦǸĸºͱڤû뵽ľȻ
ºͱڤ˱Ĺסˡ
ܹ赲ǵĹֻңͨĹҹ޷赲ǵĽŲһȥһ£ȸľȻǾ벻ԶҲСڡ
ĹأСڵϢЩң˺ܳһʱŴԼϵߣҪ͹һȴӰӶûС
ˡʵ鸴ӣǸ
ҰһǰݸľСڣʬ塣λҲ̯ƣ֧ƳܣָֻϸŴܵɫҺ壬ǿùҩ
СڱӶĳ˵ҹɱõ˹ʬ壬õùҩСԽܡ
ǴŪģСڲš
ĹɱӶԱѾɢѰҹټǲûҵͨ˶ûҵһ
ԺѾɢĴˣҲûйˣеλҡҡͷҪռ֤Ȼϵľ֣ǹʰо֡
βƨɵĹɲֻǹɱ
ôʱ䣬־Ȼһ쳣ûз֣˵ǾǵʧְˣңҲ棬ǻĲ֪汻нôˣЩǻûбԵˣôԵ˾жأ
ʣµĹͷأ
ЩҪҵ֤ݡ
УҪҺú˵һ⾿ô£ôһ仰
˵Сڣʵֺͺλ˶֪ʲôֻǱֻץȻѹ֮ڵ棬֮ǸǧСˡǸǧСȥ֮ǰɢǸ˾Ͱҹɱˡ
С˵ĽһͷˮҲûŪףΪͻȻֵǧСǳ֣Ǹú͹һŲಿֵˡ
ѵ𣿡Сڲϣ˵
Ҿÿ֣ܲǹ֮ġλݴ󵨲²⣬ϾǰƾʧģԷ˵ʲôġ
񣿡
СںͲʵǲǺ²⣬ҪΪʱڣŮɮ˶٣Ҳֻйͼν֡
Ը֣ҲԸ֡
ȷ˲ǹ𣿡СЩͷ
ɹ̫ǹ
ɹ̫ǴҹϵģС˿ɹ̫֮ûٰ˵ɹ
ĻǾ͸֪˾˭ˡ
ǻȥһɣ϶֪ġǻۣܵġ
˲²⣬Ҳ¶ۣ漰ķʵ̫ˣҲû취ֻܽbݷҫ
ĹɱӳԱܿҵ˱֮ڵĹͷЩʶĶԱǣҲĿӴĺǸŵˡ
Թƣһٶ˵ʬǣһȫĵط˹ͷеѾˣеѾ׻Ϊݹǡ
Щ˵ص£㱻򿪵ʱǹʬζֱԺĵ˳
쵽𣿡
֮ǰȥ֪ͨˣӦһ͵
ǹɱӵȻϵĹٷ֯ûеطֵ֧֣ǵĹҲ˳չһǶѡҾֽ֡
ϣξֿ԰ѹҪɢȥ
Ǹǧ񡭡ǻȥܵɡ


140 
ǧ񡭡bݷҫֵʱܸо˵, Ǽˣ϶ӡ󣬵ûӡ, ǾֻǴ鱾пġ
Ҫ, ǧ
ǱλݺͲʵͻͯĥʬ壬Լ˵Խҩ
ɱôһֱɱʳ˹ʹնɱ֮⡣ںý˵ݺ, ҲʼоԽɱĶҩҲоҩ, ֻǽɱͽȫཻˡ
оɱĶҩ, һҪɵĶࡣ
ֻҪٻΪԭϾͿɱҩǽĥ֪Ҫ֡
õչ˲֮⻹Ҫϰֻôͽǵ
ɱĶҩҲΪڽСȲԼĽԼɱӵĶʿ, Ż辶, ѡöɱ
ǳԼϢʱоôоˡ
ǵȻо԰ѹ˵ҩϧûʱ䣬Ҳûо, û
˵ڵĺ̲һʮСŮ, ´СŸĸѧϰһҽϵ֪ʶ, ҲɱȲЩרҵԱ, ֵܹزѾ츳ˡ
ɱӲûרŸⷽרҵԱ, ҩֻܽо
ҩȽˣҪʵĻbݷҫЩͷۣΪҪʵĻ϶Ҫץֲܱ¶Լܲλá
뽻ǰɣһȲЩҩĳɷֵġλݲûͬҰһ˵ڹϣѡоĳɷ֣Ȼݳɷҩˮ
λǧһֱǸҹǧС㣬֮ӦʲôԨԴȻҲеôܣʵֿڵ
ǻǵʲô𣿡
ڷһɫС䣬һɫ֯÷ǳƯʹõһźɫеĵһǸҲǺɫз̷ֶںɫԡ£ӺܸߣλߵϢλݽӿڡ
Ǹ˵Ҳ٣һ˵һ°ǵλݲǲŻ²ǲ֣ǡ֮ġ
˵󻹿˵Ļѵе
֮꣬һʼ
bݷҫճ˼ţ˵ƺ
һȥһϣ°ɣзһǵġ
ˡ
û˷ǳϤĸоأbݷҫѯԼӣܾƺˡ
Բһ¹ɱļ¼ҵȴbݷҫһǳвͬ뷨
ΪǼһ̷ֱڵġ
οɱӵʷвûֹ
˵˺пֻǹ𣿡
˵˵ͷ
ɱսʱʶһλλ֮ʦȻǸԼĵ֮ҲûгĻô̶̼Ӧò䡣
ǰǮbݷҵˣҲûпɱļ¼ںͮbݷҫճ֮󣬲ȨӴɱӵЩϵġ
ΪɱӣҪ˽ɱӵµģ˺ܳһʱŽɱӵļ¼ȫ꣬ҲԹɱӵĹȥôһ
ҲǸŹɱӵһӡ
ǼұϾټ壬ڹܻô۵ġ
ûмǴĻλ֮񲻽ҽı񣬸ҵػߣҲλӡ
˵λֻ֮Ĵ𣿡bݷҫղ١
ĻΪʲôʳ˹ֶϴأΪʲôô޹ȥ
Ʈ첻֪ǷڵbݷҫոԼ˫ָıˡ
ˣǮbݷҫջȥ˹ɱڵңϣҪӹҵ˿
սڣɱӾεΧˣԵ߸ɱӵΧ˵УɱӵΪ˱סѶ൱ϣʹɱĶҲɼΪɹۡ
˼Ȼ˵սʱֵôbݷҫվʹսʱڿʼҡ
սʱڵϾѾܾˣĲֻ࣬ôѣҲڶ׷ɱʱƴģһЩǸʱ顣
˵ʱҲ
λ֮ĵӼ̹Եһ˹ɱӣڸ˹ɱӵĶʿǣӵ˺͹Կʵ
ڹɱӺ͹ԿΨд˴Ǿɹһ
ǲһͽ޲Ҹɱˡ
ֻû뵽޲ҵôǿټϹȻӲİѼ̹Եһˡ
𣿡bݷҪٰǸ̯ϣصҰһϡ
ֻֻȼ䣬򵥵һλ֮òΪʲôҪϢԼ¼˲ûϸд
Ǿôòд㹻ȷˡ
ɫɫϲźɫС䣬źɫ֯ȻëʣȻܹڳ̹ԵһĽߣһʹý
Ӧþ˰ɡ
bݷҫҲǺȷѾ߰˷֡
ӦþҲһ£ֳ֮еĸо
湩֮ĵһͰͷӵ֮ǰҲҲΪ֮һˡ
ڰպλ˵ģ֮һǳꡭ
һ˻治뵽һ
ĻഺҲǲܽܵġ
ԭ񡭡Ϊʲôǰûгֹأ
Ļܹù˵ҩƺҲǲܵġ
Ǯbݷҫֻӻ־ͿԸı˵ǿû취ҰһᴩŰ״ӣʵʵ顣
ô˵һֽӵĸо
ȷݡȴû취ҵ
ΪҰһûиϵķʽֱֲȥˡ
ɱӺλϵ;ǵĵӣĵӼ̹ԵһѾ˼ˣȥȥһͽܺ硣
ҪȥһʵǲСbݷҫպ˾ᡣ
ֻ²ʵֺͺλҲûкķ
Ұһ͹Ʋɱӵûȥݣͯĥӵ֮ӵͨ
һĻвٸȥߣǺĿźǸˣȥȴǸ
ƴˣҰˡάţͷ˴кǣ
ܹԴһʲôö
һֻз˴˲ŻּȥӣҰһֵģʾЩ
ոץĹ⼸˺üٸˣֱ°ǵͺˡҰһһ¡
ٸˣ
ĿǰΪֹµĹûͯĥ˺üٸˣɱ˺ͳȫͬֵʱ򣬾ʶţͷ涼Щ𾪡
ֲҪȥ԰˴ء
ԭеѽô˵ͯĥڼţͷʱе
Ҳ˵Ĺ£ֻ˵İ汾ţͷ涼ԣڿˡô˵е㡭۾
ͯĥŲߡ
ôˣ㲻ϲŮΪʲôأҰһһֱڹ۲ͯĥڼͯĥ뿪֮⿪ڡţͷɣɣǷǳŮԣзǳ׷ء
Ұһô˵ţͷ溦ߵסǵģ˼ôˡ
λǫҰһЦλͯĥأƽϲŮӣڼλ֮ͣһҪء
ͯĥˡ


141 
ͯĥȷϲŮû, ⲻزɼʳ
ţͷ沢ͨϵŮԣţֻӵϰ, ֱ·, ͷ嶼ǷǳڶĲ֡
ǵԱˣÿڵͨ澤ҵҵĹаи
ǰĹ, һûжٸˣ˿ڱ, ӦҲӣţͷĹҲʼæµ
֮⻹, Ұһͯĥ˵кܶ׷Ҳʵ
ϾţҲܺŮֻһֱڹûʱԼĸˡ
Ұһ佱ǵʱҲôסˡ
ֻû뵽ͯĥȻôӣ
ΪĶԣԵ˶Ҷ¿Ļͦġ
Ұһ͹һͨ, ҪǼȥĻ, ˺ͶҲȫһģֻҪԷܵ˾ȫû⡣
ͯĥȻǳһףûгһ׵ĻҲôƭôСٸţͷ, ͯĥҲǸӡ
̸ܹҲǸѡ
ͯĥȻǶ
ôˣ
໹˧硭˶һרƯС, ֣ţͷкɫ͹ˡ
ǹ°͵˵ͷ
ûµŮ, ҪŶ
Ͼô˵ţͷҲǳڰϵ, ȫԳƵǾŮ
ںڰ治, ӲŤ˰ͯĥе
ҿҪеˣ̸ʲôľʱ˰ɣܲͯĥҲû뵽Լһ쾹ȻŮӵϲǵȷԼŮͲסмһ֣ԼͲǵò
˿϶ڱԼ
ǵģһ˶ѣһ֮ܿ⻹ʲôԿĵطأĶ˶ţһֱĵ𣬲֪ʲô߻ΪҲе𣬻æӴܣ˻ˮ˳ͨȥţͷ״һһİһȻʹԼıɱɱ˽
ͯĥţͷ˸
ţͷʹ󣬶սǳˣͨ߸ͲĶ֣һͱֱӻɱ
侲˼һ£ԼֵȻԽŵ˴ܣԼҲܵС˺ԼȾ
ˡ
Ҫλϵ˿ɲʲôӣ¿ȥǳ˵Ҫ漰ԭʱͨһ֡
Ǹ鷳ˡҰһǸû뵽Ȼˡ
ûϵûϵԺлټġţͷָ˦˦˸ߣڵѽǲҪսȨ
ЩΪԼЩ鲻ᱻ֪޼ɵǲ֪ŵΪᱻ¼ڰͨͨ
ͯḥ̂˵Ҫֱˣôָɣ֮ʲô¶û
ϧڳûһ͡
ǿϧһͯĥôÿ˶ء
ûҲǸʱ򣬹ɲdissһ°
ղŵɧܿͱѹƸţͷ棬ͯĥߣ᲻õĻ԰ȥУпʼʱ䣬㻹ʱǡ
˲ˣȻϲƯŮӣˡͯĥµؿڣܲ
ǱܺŮô˵˼أⲻǿϲƯŮӣŸƼһ£һһ治ƼءҰһһۣϧĻɣԺ뿴ˡ
ҿȫ뿴ǣҵֻ㣡
شǹƵ
ͲסķѸٻָǹʱĻָٶȻҪ졣
ҲڵҪ϶Ҫ´ҵġ
Ǻܿʹӵ֮ųȥһ˵ҪֱµĻȽӸعµĸСҰֻͯĥȽ⣬ǰǱߴкˣԲعǱֱ߽֣ӽħȿʼ֮͸عǱߡ
ΪͯĥѾˣԺͯĥһľҲѾμĻ́ƽȥ¼Ǳߣ֮ǰʱһ
ɲͨһҲͻ߰ʮ꣬˽400ʱ䣬ͨ˵˵400ʱЩ£ССľЩϲΡΡķţʱᱻЩ˸ߵľѹ
ǳɹĻص˼¼ơ
¼Ƶ˿ôǰһڣƻҪӼļڳ˼һЩļȻЩ˾ͱ˵ƽŵˡ
ƻҲˣˡ
ԵҲԶԶֹҰһΪô١
ô˵Ҳ˽400꣬ǰҪǿһֱڴĽʳ࣬Ϊ˹ԼʵҲûпԼʳ
⽫400ʱ棬˽4000ˡ
ֱס
ÿǾ֪һ°ǵó
ֲùƴ˻Ըˡ
ǰҲͳƹϣЩͯĥ˱С׼ףȫֵһᡣ
ҲΪôˣھڲŻĶࡣ
һ˵ȵϽˡ
ץʱ乤лʱ䣬ʱҪȫϣҶͷҲͷƤ飬ְҵûе̫ʱ䣬ֲַһľڡ
ǵٶǿ˲١
ԱԽֵ߿ɲ࣬ħ¸߶ӣħҲһ䡣
ʱţûüĸٽӣħһеڹƵʱ䲢㳤ħֻһ֮ͻˡ
Ѿץ𣿡ħʵ
ʱպһˣԲֻ֪ʱΪһɱ˺ܶ˵ߣ֪˭
ǰҵҵĹżһγٵҲǿ̵ġ
šƵ˵ͷϿʼѾ͵ҶͷǱˣȺԿʼУֱ°ǵͺá˵
ǹ𣿡
ţһ˺üǧ˵ĹƿɲҰһôֹۣҰһΪͯĥֻ˼ٸˣǹȴԶԶֹЩҪҶͷǱͳƵݡ
˻ôôడ
˵ҪȥǵóӣɽĹ˵ġ
ɲӰ࣬һ°кܶҪץʱϰʱѹȫȽϺá
ͯĥ֪ȴԼľʲôµС档
治ͣ߶Ҳ˽ԼʲôŻᱻƴԴ
ԭԼߵǸ˽
ͯĥ°ͣĵλܸߣȻԼҲܵô߹Ĵ
ʱ˵˶޲Ҵ˾ͻˣѵ˵Ҫ޲Ҵ˳
ǿ̫ˡ


142 
ܰɣ
֮ǰ², Ǹǧ˺пǹ񣬵ʵǻûоǸǸ񰡣
ΪӦֲʳ˼̻ƮƮļһôӵ, ȻȷǱͨ˺ÿɡ
λҲš
ھ͹֮, Ǳŵ֮ĵһͰĳͷԼǸ˺֮ͬ
͹ɱйӴ, ĵǺĴʼˣ̹֮ԵһΪݷҫ岻ʣ˹֪ͨ, ֮⣬Ҫʱ˵һ¡
λ, Щҩ֮ʬоôˣ
֮岢ûбҩˮλĪ⣬ʵ, ҩˮ˸顣
Σ
λݴЯİóʵϱ, гɹƬ
ѧоǷǳһ飬Բݷҫûзɹʱǳ䱸ˡ
˷Щ, ڿһҳĽʱ, ־ȵطͷһš
𣿡
λݵ˵ͷ
Ҳܺ浽дʲô˱ϸ˲ʵֺСǴſ
˿֮һ𾪡
⾹Ȼġ
λһͯĥ֮һʵ, ѾǷǳݳ޵, ЩѪ˶ʮݶ, ֱòͬҩ
ָֻ׸ǴС飬С飬֮תϡ
λݲʣµʵ飬Ϊ֪Щ᲻ô֮£ֻðͬţɱʱעһ¡
ԣԳȥץֻʵ顣
ϾʵֶҪ༸ſԲԳģֻһֻҹʲô
ҩеĹЧ𣿻ֻֻЧЩǲȷģҪĸʵ֤
ںλݸûа취뿪ݣûа취顣
֮Ѫⶼת
Ȼֻ˺СһֵѪ⣬ܹѾǳˡ

಻Ŭ˶öû飬ȴɵ
ǲ֪ҰһܹЩҩΪ񣬶Զڳ˵Ŭ
ڴʱһֱоºȥƽ˵Ҳûзɹо
ڵƷոһյʵоҩֻΪļֵĻҰһǳġ
оĳɷ𣿡
ŬѾһüͷˣֻЩ棬Ϊʲôĳɷ֡Ҹ͸
мɷ֪ģϤľٻĳɷ֣Щҩʱ򾭳õҲһͷˣΨôһ㣬Ҳ
ʱ仹̫ˡҪ鼮ܹҵⶫʲô
ĿԾ磬˼ûС
ڻһʣڼʱû˵ʲôĻʲôϵʽ
Сڲ岻ϻģıȽ˶ûм֪˵ʲô
ʵֺͺλ˰˵еĻһ飬Ȼźķû˵ϵʽ
ֻʱ䵽˾ͿԼ档
Ӧ˼
鷳ˡмûгֹˣΪʲôʱ³䣿ǲʲôת䣿ʲôǲ֪ⷢˡ
Ĳ룬ȻҲбȽϺõĲ²⣬Թɱڵȿһɡ
ΪΨӴλĲʵֺͺλݣ縺ҰһΡ
˺ͲݷҫҲûжرڴΪҲ֪ķ
֪ʲô
ֻϣ䲻ҪǶľĲôˮƯ
˺ͲݷҫҲ֪ĳ־ǺǻǰǹɱӵתĻõģǰɱӡ
ô֮Ҫôֵ˼ˡ
ˣԵĻ쿪ʼȥҪĹʵ֤ҵĲ롣λʱһֱڵо񶼷̯ÿһҪѾܴˣûа취βЩȫ˸ˣλҲǳ˼
û⣬Ҫ׼ʵ𣿡
Ǿ鷳ˡ
ָλݲ֮Ҫɵ뿪
뿪֮ǰȥһҰһ
.Ϻͺλ˵ģȫͬ
̾һת뿪ˡ
ôûʲôݷҫڴϣϵҩζŨһЩʱǿȹ֮Ȼһβˡ
屾Ͳãɹ֮͸֧֣ҪæѰңڵԺӶȥ˵ȥæ
˻ʱ򻹴˺λݵǷʵ鱨棬ŲݷҫգǷݱ档
ݷҫڷǷݱ֮󣬺¶һı顣
ͺˡ
λݿ϶Ṽǵġ
ôһʵұȽϺأӦûôȫ
޲ҾڹضûµЩ󲿷Ҳڹض
ҲЩֻڱݵȻ͹ɱӵЩ˸͹˲
ʱõЩеڵھͿ򵽵ģҪӹڣݷҺҲôһ㽻飬Ҫڶʱһ߹ʵһЩ׽⣬߹ٷͰ룬ҪȫеҪýһʱ䣬ɱӸ͵ȲôãĿǰΪֹĽݾȻͨǱߵĺֵӹ˽
϶ˣֻ治ȥ׷Ҳֵ̫󣬱һ΢ƽ⡣
ֻȥͲ̫ʺһŮȥˡ
ǱȻŷǿΪ𣬵һŮֵط˿𣬽ǳ鷳Һױ˿ӡ
Բݷҫѡ˿ֵĲʵ֡
ʵָδһ֮ǰҲżȥǱҲǲϤټɷģͲǣĿǰΪֹʺȥˡ
ʵʱ򣬲˼ͽ
ҪûиµĶʿ˵ڵ桭ϸĸֻĽҲᱻСѡֻʣ²ʵˡ
ڤʵҲһѡں˽һǳԿ˵˵žᣬ״ڲ״̬ҲǿȥģʵǷǳˣԷìܻˡ
ʵlԪҲǿԵģͲסһ˰˵ĵ̣.Ŷ鲻ʱȥ˵ȥִ
ֻʣ²ʵˡ
ʵֻ˹ɱӵƷǱߴĺɫװΪװĽжеͣȴ޿κΡ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôߵôϲװ
ʵִż˺ȥ֮ǰõ˹ںֲͼںСС֯棬ѡһոĺֵ
Ҳǳ򵥣Ǻۿںֵ


143 
еٶȱҪܶࡣ
ǰһҪ20ӵʱ, ڹʱȫʮһ, һ仰˵Բ仰ͣٶȿ쵽ħЩˡ
ħҲ֪Ϊʲôƽô, һֱϹƵٶ, ûʲôԹԡ
ѾǷǳѵõˣǰħһ֮󻹻ϢӣһֱϢʱû˵ҪϢ, ҵҵĹò׵ȵϢʱ䣬һнȥ֮ܲſ档
۰
ıֻǲѵõĿ佱ħһ䣬֡
绹ж˰ҸоһѾѽе߶ˡ
, ֻ׼ʱ°ѡʰһӣӺվȥһԷˡ
·ߡħ̾һ
ôЧʲǲе㲻̫ϰߡ
ͦڴ֮Ǹ˵ġ
ħڵôãûм׼6ħ, ϱǧĴȨ߻ǵģҪôʮĴ֣˳˵ĳԹ˵໹
ħҲ̫ʱ, ϾԼֻߣܲ飬ͷʹĶǽƱȽϺá
ħ̵ĺܿ, Ҳǹ̵, ˵ܹô, ҲΪƸֵ˾󲿷ֵĹ
ڵڵϵĲħĸٹơ
ֹ֪ϵ϶۾κ˶ûദģʽʲôԣø͸öȨħҲơ
Ұһڰ͵֮ͻص˰ǵһ綼˼ҪôԴеĹơ
ֿɿƨɵĹһҲôƽҪǽ컹й϶ô׵ķŹҰһġ
Ұһ͹ͬô꣬ôܻ᲻֪Ƶĵأһ˹֮һֱš
ǻԼȤζļһпԼü춼ȻһЩȤζϷԼ
뵽ܻᷢ£ҰһϺһһͷ˸첲
ģԼȻֶǱƸȾˡ
Ұһû೤ʱͷڹ꣬һʮ㣬˹ҰһѾһȥԷˡ
ʱҲְ°ʱ䣬Ұһ֪Լ㲻Ϣʱ䲻Сʱƿ϶ʲôģԼ׼֮ŴӰ칫ȥ
Ұáְϰ°Ǹк治ɱӵĳԱеѡͶ̥תеѡڵΪǵһ䡣
Ǻ͹岻һǲ뿪ģǱڵȥЩڵ˵ĻҲǿȥͶ̥ģȫԼԸ
ҲΪ涨òٹɱӵĳԱѡ
ΪʲôͱȽѰζˡ
Ϻá
ҪһȥʳóԷ𣿡ǵҲʳã°ʱѡȥʳóԻȥԡ
Ұһʱʳóԣʣµһʱȥ
ĹϵҲûűˣǶ֪ʳóԵʱȥҹȥˡ
ˣƽˡҰһܾˣ

Ƶڰ칫¥ſڣȥԷһ֪˻ΪҪȥܡ
ҪʲôʵҪȥںϵ𣿰˵Ǳ¿һҿꡣ
Сʱü𣿡ҰһЩԥ
ƵʳһĴͨԷãֻҪϼݾͿԣǿҪһ߿һ߳ԵСʱܲ
ǾȥˡһҲǣϢʱȥҲνʱĿĵء
ֻû뵽Ȼһܾûмˡ
ݷ١
bݷûһڰǵѡȥͥһĻĺǣƺǱҪֹ뷨ȥǱ߹ģҶףҲû˹ܡ
ڿϸ鹤Ŀɲܹ࣬һһ˵Щ˶Ǵĺ֣һʮǿӦ֡
ڵô˵Ҳ˽ʱ䣬ԭͷǳڣȻҲһֱ֧Źɱӣڲõȫ˰ȫ£ݷٵõ˸ķӣܿعǱո¶ͷǡ
ݷٻѡعҲΪعǵһȻ࣬ǽӴҲģȽϷռϣйɱӵĶʿˣһҲȷֵġ
С˼ȫû⡣
ֻҪҵ򣬲ݷҪʲôû˹ܣټΪᣬ˺ƣ˻⼸չĻͦġ
ʱһˣǺ͸СҰһģмһȥعǱ߹ĹɱӳԱ
ƺҰһǻǴ˸к
Եһûкһ𣿡
Ͼ̹Ҳ뵱ݰɣҺҵԼʱ϶ġСҰݷٵ̨ѵ𣿡
˵öԡ
߻𣿡ҰһָߵλʵСҰ˵ͷҺһˡ
ȻԣֻҪǲͺá
Ұһ͹Ұһһݹ棬ǵʮ棬滹ûҰһߵĲݷһ죬Ǹհͯĥˡ
ͯĥ
֮Ұһһ¡
ݷٻŵʱûʮʮΪy޲ڱ̹Եһ֮Ӳ̫У׼
ǲݷڵôȻ֪֮ǸʲôĹɱӵĶʿҲ𵱳ʮµʱ
ĳԱҹʱֻһ·
߹ԽԽǿԵ˾ԽԽ࣬ȻͻԽԽǿ͸ɱЩһѭ
ΪֹҹλѾнûжˣǺҹĲҲԽԽ
ɱ𣿡
ǣҸɵġҰһˣһ죬Ϊұ˺ôһԹԼš
ݷҰһֵʱ򷴵һϾɱҹǾͿ϶ˣǲԸ⿴ģǿɲԸ⿴
ǵ˲ǲԲ𣿡
ҵе⡣
ΪڵҰһӦǻˣûȥڵҲûйϵܵͷ
ԣҲгͷģĳͷǽĹʡ
ݷôƽĶʿȴôƽ
ͯĥЩ澹ȻһͯĥĶʿۼͯĥĿֲͯĥϢŻ˼
һΪⱲӶء
һӿɲ̡ҰһθڵڶСһ뻹еǿڽƺһԣͲǿԼˣƶԵ¡
ʲôʱʼУҲȥ
ǲҪϰ𣿡
ûϵǿ١ͬ
Ķʿô˵ҲǧˣǧȥΧͯĥС
൱׳ۡ
ֻҪǵ˾ͬͺáƲһ죬УҪ
Ȼ
֪ǱͬˣǾˣȥͬͯĥǼһˣЩ˻֪ǣȻ϶Ҫ׷Ŵ
ƳԵĶ࣬˶ֻʣŲ˲Ұһ˵Ҳ̫һ㣬ֲ㡣
ҪƽʱԷʱҰһԲô໰һ仰˵ڽź¡
Ҳûнš
Ǿڴ
ҲûУ
𣿡۾ǵϵʱҪ̫ķӦ
ţҪʲô
Ǹ
Ұһһ¡
һ¹ǰԴԼǸʲô³ȻԼϼӰ಻Ŀж󣺡Ҫȥ


144 
Ұһûܡ
֪ܲҰһʲô, ͻȥʱ, ͸ͬ˵ˣǰ˿ס, Լ
ܼƻʧܡ
ͯĥǼһﱻ, ûȥԼҲ֪Լ϶û취ˣһֱֵַĴ档
ʱһֱû, ȥ֮ûмеģһֱûгԷҲе
һμҰһʱѾ֮ˡ
ѺţħҲ˷ǳħ
ħͨͷӣһҲûУվֵĹƸһЩ
֮, ͯĥ˺ܶ벻ס
µĹɱӶԱ
ͯĥļܺãΪʱļ䶼ţôܻ˲֮ǰء
ǺþòˡͯĥЦĶǴк, Ҷء
ϧڳû˴ǻ
ͯĥ𣿡Ϸħʵ
ǵŶʲô𣿡
࣡üʲôͻشʲô, ҪƤЦ
ûа취ҵԸûа취ġ
ƺ˷ʱһǳ, ٺ, һʼĳʼС
ʱ, ҶͷѾеȫϣеȫ˹ơ
ϿɰѼ¼ƵǸ˸ǺӰӵϲſŪꡣ
ҶͷǷ˽Ű
ԭֻҪһСƳװϣ쾹ȻСƳÿһСƳװð˼
ʵͯĥﻹͦжϵġ
̵ֽĽĽͽ磬ڱͯĥԵ֮ǰЩͽʵǷǳģҪķԷҲûиı䣬
ֻû뵽Լ壬˳Ե
󲿷ֵ˵ȷǻԹȥҲСĸԸͯĥԵģԼͯĥԵҸ¡
еʱⲿֵҲҪο
ܷϵǣͯĥ϶ڰǵóежͲҪôϸˡ
ԭǲҪоͿֱµģһʼûоعǱߣֱ͵ħֻҪͿԡ
ͯĥϴעҪڰǵ
رʹ൱ʹࡣ
ǰĹߵʱ򲢲ͯĥһֻҪվͻùǰ飬ͻҰһǵĳ档
ôܻ׷Źͯĥ
ƴҶͷרͳƵľᣬһͯĥⱲɱˣгԹˣĻ¡
͹һ͵ֵϳһݡ
ҪǰĻϽһʱ䣬ƾԼһҲۣǱֵµ䡣
Ҳû뵽ҪĶô࣬һͷˡ
¼һ˵ƽʱһ¼÷ǳϸʲô˵ʲôλǵһ
¼ƵҲ縺ŽЩûõϢȫųΡ
һǳ鵫ҲǳҪĹ¼ĹǷ˳ɣźܷ˳УҲǺеҪݣʧĻǻɡġ
ΪԼʲôŻᵼµ֪Ĵ¾ͷǳҪˣһԷϣôǾͻʹþǳϡ
Ҳ̫˰ɡŶͷĺ²۵
ץʱ䡣ƴߴٵ첻ֻһˣ滹ĹҪʱ䡣
ˣ֪ǰʲôͯĥǵĻȻҼǲ̫ˣǧ˰ɣô˻µ𣿡
еʱƱ磬ͯĥǳ̹ȻĳԼǰ˶ˣֻû뵽ԼʵϳԵ˱ĻҪöࡣ
˵һֳ֣ͯĥϡ
Ȼôȫû뵽ͯĥȵȫתͶ̥Ӧöת˰ɡ
һСûͶ̥Ļ԰ǽй
˲ˣǽйҲ޷ıʲôȥǵ𣿡⸱Χ˵ŭ
ڳ˶Ǹ˾˼ٹͯĥеģٲûڵۿʸûС
ЩѾǹǰˣȻ˱⻹Ҫܶ౶֪ͯĥڻŵʱжô˺ޡ
ز㶼ᷴʡ𣿣
㷴ʡҲ˰ɡͯĥǳνҪȫҪѽ
һ󣬿ǧСͷ𣿻ŵʱܺǧСһֱһҺһ𣿡
ڳ˳˹ƻҰһ֮ⶼ֪ǧС㾿˭Ϊ˵Ұһ뿪ڳԼеǸǧС㣬ҲôǰҰһϵףȥǵʱܼˡ
ҰһǰǵĸˣͳҰһͯĥ̬ȣԺ϶Ұһġ
ǹһ뵽쵰ҰһЩͿԼ󣬿ǹȴҪ˾ͻȥǵҰһͯĥ̶ȣƻȥ鷳
е㷳ꡣ
ԡƺ˾ӣҪתƻ⡣
ҿûУֻԼѡ
Ч
ǧСǰǵİɣȻڰǵΪʲôûа취أ
ʱƾʮֺЩ˹ۿˡ
ҪûЩ˵Ļôɾôɡ
ħɪɪ
ߵĹƣϵϢѾǳֲˣһͻըΪô˹ԹۣԼ϶Ҫ꣬ǸͯĥҲ϶ܵ˵ĶԴ
ҲЩΧۡ
ǰƺôǻԼӵġ
ͯĥнǡħһν밢ǵóЧ
еĹ밢ǵֻǵҰһҪģҲͬˣħҲͬˡ
ڸΪԼԸȥҰһҪȥ
ðʱôûΪأ
ħһԻõഺ״̬
Ƶ߹ħ˸£ȥƣǶ˻֣ǰͯĥȥ
ƺһ
ͯĥסߴѹھҰһʱͣס˽ŲǧС㣬ԺҪָ
ղ˻ڲ²еǸǧС㾿˭ǵûŮ䣬ҲûһǧģΪ˵һڵ˵ʱͯĥԼ͸˴𰸡
ǰǵҰһ
Ӿը͹һղŻħͻȻֺĳ
Χ۵Ĵ඼ǹɱǰĳԱԹеĺ⣬ȻҲ֪ҰһԹҲǺ֮ǵģΪ㣬רŸһԹ̬ȷǳԣͻȻи˵µģµԭΪҰһ
ôܲأ
ǰѵǶʲô𣿡
ڳˢˢҡͷ
ǾѹȥϡưѾŻСƳ棬СƳƻؼ¼ƣһߵϡ
Щ˲ȥҰһˣ뻮һĿơ
Ƶθٵǧ滹ͷһ˰ߵϡ


145 
ٶȺܿ, ͯĥܿͱ͵ǵԼͬǡ
ĹԶҪö࣬ΪֻôǧȥĿ֮ǧ, ⻹ûĵط
˵ԭľ֮, 󲿷ֶĹɱӶԱб˺ˣĿֻһ, ǾЩۡ
ڵôʱ, Ҫķǳ, Ҫȵ޲һ죬ֻôǶûм޲Ҫļ, ĳͨĹҹ
ϢǷǳͨ, ˵ǵλǹɱһߵģǰ, ͯĥʱǾ֪ҪӭµĳԱˡ
Ħȭƣڵ3ʱȵͯĥ
ǵڰ˴ǱȽĵӵһȨ, ҷǱǵڵ֮ǰ2000׹䡣
ǲһġ
׹2000ѹϡ
ֻЩдóĹ˵ʲô
ٴĹڶȽϳ, Ϊһǳܵ, ͨɱҪ޷, ǵжǴش
Դٴ, ûһֻԴ뿪תͶ̥ġ
ǾͷţתͶ̥ҲٴתˣǱǻ棬пܱһĺ档
ʹҲвٹҪϽͶ̥
ϾתͶ̥Ǿûмˣı˳ҲԽܣڵô̷ֲˡ
ͯĥЩ˲ˡ
˱ԼɱļֻҹǼֻŭ޲ҴˣȻ󽻸Լ˵ûмֵļˡ
ڼͯĥʱҲǳȣΪʲôôǿͯĥҲȥ顣
ҪٿˣҲûãһһ𡣡
ڽͯĥǶԴͯĥ̬һҲá
˵ͨߵ̬ȶǺͨƽģϰʱȻԴҲֻΪͷǵĹѡ°ʱҲôɷ
ô˵ҲŹΪ˰µͨҪ°ʱ仹Աô׺ݣԼԸ⡣
ٴطŸԵĲͬ
ȷûͶ̥תѡڵųޣŸĻ棬˵רųͷСʱǸȲ
е˵õ˽ѣǸ˻ѡ
Թʱٴɫ˽ΪģÿֻĳͷǺʵģԵ˶ܵĳͷأԵܵĳͷᣬĿǰΪֹû˾ò
ͯĥô1ҵĻóĹЩһʼֻ֮ܿ
ȷǲСıɹģǼȻܹԼԣ˺࣬˰ǵǾͲʲôö˱ǸȻǻֻԴΪֵġ
Ǹ˻ǵ߸ϵҹ
֮ԭζʲϵҹڳ˵ײ㣬Ƿˡ
ʵ޷ǵ̬ʲôöȴҪʱ˭һ
ҲΪͯĥĵǵӭ˺ȻһĻ
ٴ޲24СʱԹ̾Ϊֹ
ֻǴͯĥٴʼûмԼǧС㡣ǧСĹϵȫģΪʲôһζԼ
ѵ
ͯĥٻһȥֻʣԴʱ⡣
϶ΪǸйƵˣһֱ˼棬Ǹˣ
ͯĥȻûеȵҰһȴȵһˡ
˵θЩĹ̶Ӧһˡ
Լʦļ̹Եһ̱һҵͯĥ
ʦʱ䲻Ҫ̫ȻԺܵġԵһһͯĥ˵仰֮תҪߣֻʣ°ͯĥסˡ
һ¡
ԵһҪ̧Ľַ˻̧ͷٻһͯĥôˣʲô𣿡
ʦ˭Ǹ𣿡
̹Եһ˵ͷ
˵ͺĲ³ĺءͯĥֱ̾һģٳġ
Ĳ֣̹Եһ۾Ӧµֳˣ
ֳͯĥҲû뵽θȻǺĲµĵܵܣ˼һģһҼĲµ̬˵ڱɹ֮ǰǹɱӵսʱڵ࣬ôʱ䣬ǸʱҲжţ̹Եһô˵֮Ͳµ˵ݡ
Ǽ̹Եһ𣿾ǰѹy޲Ҵĺüʮ겻ҳŵǸ
ձɹʱ˵ġ
û˸ҵֻ˵֮ͱ޲ҸɱˣͯĥֻǲСģټ޲ûзҲ֪£Բ˵Ļ
һֱ¼
ܹ޲ҳԱ˿ɲ̹࣬Եһһ
¡
ðҲ֪ںĲ¼᲻ῪģϾǺüûмֵءͯĥ̾һ˵ĹϵӦúܺðɡ
Ȼ̹Եһ˼ӦԼֳĹϵȷһãκ˶޷뵽ֵܵС
Ҳ֪ԼֳʲôʱܹµԼԵһԼڵü꣬ķǳ˼ȥܵȥԼֳˡ
и취ֳŶͯĥ˰ߵֳˣҪһæ
̹ԵһɴľܾͯĥҪ󣬡һһټģżô졣
ͯĥû뵽̹Եһôɴľܾ̹ԵһرԼֳǳҪ
ԭΪԼü̹Եһ뿪û뵽̹ԵһͲơ
Ȱ㻹Ϣ뿪˼ɡ̹ԵһƺǿͯĥҪʲôǰѾ·вͨġ
ͯĥŶһ
ҲеĹܰ֡
ʵϣͨҪ뿪ֻûҸʵͯĥʵֶ˼Ҫ뿪ǾĻḶж
ϲģҲһ˼ˡ
ҪץסôܵߣǾͿԴְͨɹô˵ҲһСӳְλֻû˸ͱȥ
ԴӼǰºӵӳȥǵҲû뿪ˡ
ôжǻûȾҰһͱǸץ˻ȥ
ץܵߵȷְнǷߵֱӱְġ
ͯĥû˵ʲôͱҰһٻһ˽ȥûϴһ¶أֱӱȥȻڻ
û10ӣձɾͯĥһ飬˼̹Եһǰ
ǵֲڴ򲻹ǧСˡͯĥ̾ǧС೤ʱˣһܶණɣѵûһ뷨𣿡
ǧС㣿̹Եһϸֳһ˿ãҲʶʲôǧС㡣
ʦѽ
̹Եһȵ۾ϽϣϹ˵Ҷʦֻдʦͽꡣ
˵⻰ʱĴһۣȷǸϲѲߵ˲ڡ
˵ֻûбʦá˵⻰֮Եһ˲Եĵط
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146 
ɱӺ͸ۿںֵĺеķǳ˳
ո𲻾õĸۿںֵȱǮȱ˵ʱ, ȻźۿΪǻԣǽк֯ࡣ
ɱ̫һ
ݷҫպọ́˵ÿһμʮó̡
Լѧô׬ǮĻɱӸ֧Ų, ΪûʽԴɢˡ
ΪձĽȽ϶, ˺̻ܶݷľӪǳ˳ǰ׬˺ܶǮλݹʵǮеġ
ۿںֵҲκ
ٶȿҷǳȫ, ۸Ҳ, ݷҫնԸۿںֵ˲ӡ, Ժĺ
ȫλλݵоҲʼ𽥲졣
ֻרҵ֪ʶ, Ҫ˵İæ
λݵҪ, ݷҫָλ˼ѧĽڣ
ò˵רҵʿİ, ǵоչǳѸ٣һʼЩڻνĿмһˣͲסݷҿļ۸൱, סǮ.μӡ
˽֮ǾͳԽȥˡ
ҩǳ, оʱо˿βҩ, Щҩͨ˵, ֻҪûʲô, ݷҾͿ·ֵЩҩһʺơ
ݷҫҩĸӼֵ֮󣬵ע̱꣬רεץ
ǼǵɹȫΪҰһǲݷҫսҩһҰһ硣
ͻȻյ൱ĹҰһЩãȻ
Ȼ࣬Ҳ١ЩΪزؽ˥ŷҲԽԽ٣ֻҪ˵ŷԹĶٶ˵ôҪ
ԼܲͽԸ
ǹܹһ㣬Ҳô⣬ϾǸԼġ
ֻԼĹûб٣ԽԽ࣬ﵽһ𺳵ĳ̶ȣŷֲԾ
ֻ񵾺ɴܶڻùһڵССôܻյôĹ
̫ˡ
ݷҫҲڲ֮õĽۡ
Ȼ֪ԭʲôǷҩĳɷֻ֣ҪһݣӦþͿظƳһʼ
ԴǴμ֮ҰһҲûгֹͺûһйĲʵֺͺλҲҲûм
׵ϻϣݷҫʽڴǰҰһ
֮ǰ˼֪֮⣬˶ֻţȴ֪ˡ
ΪףϾҪˣ׵ϻʱǽһ꣬ʱǲʽʼ˵¡
ʱȥôãݷҫҲ֮ǰһôҰһˣ״̬ܹãԸֵĻҲν
͹֮սܹԼ飬ǲҪ֡
ɱӵİѾܴˣṩ˿ƷҩһԴ
ҩƷǷǳģозֵĸӲﲢʲôĳһּЧҩ׵ҩڸð֮Ĳ֢Ч
ҲΪֽӵҩЧƹ˳
˶ܵʲôಡͰֲ֢һûòˣð˶õĲǸСȴص˵Ĳ
ûн۸̧̫ߣߵǱ·ӣ۸ǳ־ǳҧҧҲһеļ۸
ҩռٶȷǳ֮죬ݷҫմ˷ǳԭΪѧоЩ׾ݵĹɱһθԣ
оǸǳǮĻά豸ҪǮӶҪǮйԭҲҪǮȫʲôСĿټϹɱߵĸʡҽơսʣк͹ս֮ƺ޳ΪɱӶʿṩסҽƵٻҲҪǮġ
˵޳Ϊɱṩǲݷҫôܻǰ׳԰׺ȡ
һȫҰһ硣ԼܲҰһһСС磬ڹɱܲĺɽÿ춼ȥԸɨʵֲ֧ˣǾͻỻӻԼĶӻա
ݷҫôϣټϽǮƣҰһע⵽ǡ
ΪͯĥҰһôùһֱҪһˡǹȴôҲ뿪˺ܶĹɡ
֪ԼҰһҲûзԹԵİ˺ܳʱ䡣
˲رǳ𣬶ΪһЩС³ԴסԴ׵ĺҰһǲ̫Ըġò׵ͯĥˣҰһڳȥڵĹɱʲôӡ
ڻе棬ʲô˾ȻܹڸԼôණǸħۺܾˣЩ˹ʱ򣬲ǹЩԵʲôģֽȻȱǮȴԼӵиǮ
ôǰ̵ĹԼǲǳԼأ
ҰһٻӦԼͽǰΪӦ˵ԸæŽŴףŷˣҰһ˺ܶࡣ
ڳ˿գȥһǸôϵŷԼͽԵĻֱӽκҲʲôܵ顣
˳Դͷ
ΪǳҰһ֮ǰһԱͨ˿վϣӦķ
ߵЩ΢
󲿷ֵǴһϴģǸȣ˵ֱөһҲûйϵҲν̬ȡ
ҰһԽӽԽ⸽ĲЩ֡
ܹһЩĽɱӶӷĶʿǣЩǲǸսĶʿǸڵ
Ǵһڣϻֻ֣¶۾ռȶ·ڸѲߵġ
ҰһߣѲߵܶȾԽ
ͨ˿϶Ѿˡ
ﲻǹɱӰɡ
Ұһ￩һ¡
ô֪ɱӵ˻Լɱӵ˿ɲǻݷģһԼַʳʲôĸܷϡ
ҰһһʼΪŷĻǺãϾҽרҵȽ϶Կڡ
ҰһһԽطߣ˹ɱӵܲʱԼͽʱȴ˵ݡ
ǲݷҫա
һʼûòݷҫջԼʵʵߣȫһԼͷ
ڼݷҫճŲɨʱȴĪЩˡ
ݷҫһôã촵˷磬ûȵϵʱǿһЩɨһһ¹Ʒ
˺ĺߣͲݷҫȣ˵ٵĿˡ
ȻǲţȴǸԼĸ׺ɷһ
ҰһԸ⿴ڷ̨ϵĵҲǸͷ˹ȥǰϡ
۾ŲݷҫյԸ
ӦԸɡ
κãһεĻǲУԼôǮķϡ


147 
ѾϵƵĳͬ, ɱӺɽϵҲһصɴ
ڳ˶֪Ȼǰôǵǰ
۾ͽԸº׵ľ˲ݷҫĵԸ
Ҫ⸽ʵ̫١ǰݷҫյѾﵽ޷ӵĳ̶ȡ
Ըǳ򵥴ֱֻһ
뱣ӹɱӵĴƽ˳졣
Ϊݷҫջɱ޲ңԼָ彡Ը
ԸƺҲ˾ȡ
Ͼݷҫվһˡ
Ըɱɱy޲ԼָҪѵĶࡣ
Ҫ֪ɱӵĳԱȻ, Ҳа֮ʱ̿ôһ˺ܺ, ͬʱ100ˡʵеΪˡ
οеעҪĳսȥҲֱܲ˵ˡ
ûа취ɲݷҫյԸġ
Ըʵ̫ͳ, ǰԸ̫ƽһ޷ʵ֡
ݷҫ֮ǰ˽Сʱʱ䣬ֱɫףҲŲסʱű˲վ׼뿪
ֻǲݷҫ뿪ʱ򣬻㱼оԼӺʲôקһ, Ťͷȥʱȴʲôûп
пܴԼӵŮͶԼͲܹԼӡ
ݷҫ˸󵨵Ĳ롣
ͣ˽ŲЩΪʲôͻȻͣ
ҵ𣿡תһ԰ڷ̨ϵʵ
ףץס֣Ϊʲô׻ͻȻû˵ĵط˵
ݷҫղûԼĶӡ
氲, ҧס´Ұ𣿡
м֮, ڲ֪ôƺԷ, ˻ѡƺΪˡ
ڷԱߵͻȻ˸˼, Ӱ͵ذγ, Ϊһ˵Ӱ
ǿ˵ףֻܿһɫļӰ
ʶİѲݷҫԼΪ֪˾ǿе֮ǹĳʵ̫죬һҲӡе
ԳΪĹ񣬵Ҳǲ⡣
ֳͦݵġ
Ұ˰ɣݷҫϰԵ¶Լ־ԵЦݣȹҰһһ
ݷҫӣҲһ
˾н˵Ʈţǵĺǰ
ڳ֮˰ͷ͵ĸЩ
ա
ڲľʵĵذ壬ǽʱЬӣ֤Ȼĵذ壬·ֻвϺ͵ذĦϸ΢죬ľߵذȻǴߴġ
ǾֻҰһˡ
ҰһȫԳΡΪγûдͨû취֮˿壬˴ټȫǿ
ٻʹԼ
ԴͱĻȪ֮ͬˣ˵ӵлȪ֮ǲ߱Ʊ˵ģͲסҰһְǸһģɿβˣɱӰ죬ϢǰǷǳСϲģԴ˵ֻҪʹԭºͿɰСǾͻԼԶԶġ
Сﵥָʵͨ
ͬҲָͨˡ
ʵʱҰһϲᶯԼҲǱԴڲԼʱҰһȥһͨԡ
ΪֳԼζʹԼɢĺϢʵòݷҫ亹ֱð
ӵ˾Ȼػǽ
Ǻܺ𣿡Ұһü޲֮⣬û˻ء
ޡݷҫ̧ͷһοҰһ
ݷҫղûмÿˣɱҲвٳǳɫ׷ĺӣǳɫҰһĻǰδ
ȻҪĻǹɲŭƣֻǿž̲סͷ
ɾһżΪΣϢȴЦݡ
˵
ڲݷҫֻǱ˻һ£ûʧȥǡ
ҵԸ
ǵġ
ΪҴԸ𣿡
̰ġ
ֻϣҶƽĻҲ֪ģǹɱӺ޲֮ĶԹǧ꣬ɱӵÿһϣǧĶԹսԼһֻһ˶Ըѡ
ȷ֮ǰز໹ûһʧʱ򣬼ÿɱӵԸ
ҰһԸЩûа취ɡ
ⳬΧ֮ˡ
ԸƽƺûʲôǵǱôҵĸԭ޲ҵĹϵ
ɲ֪Ϊʲôÿһιɱӵû޲ȥԸ
ƺ֮սһܲϳ飬ڴǽһУǸĪеԶ
Ϊʲôѧ޲ȥԸأԸĻһʵ֡
ǮbݷҺ޲֮ĶԹϣҲǣص˽
޲ǮbݷҵˣҪԼڴ
bݷҫƺˣתһ⣺λݵҩûоͬͽоǷǳǸǸҩоµҩѾƹ㿪һȫ
ⲻܸͦɵ𡣡Ұһ֪Ǿ޶ĲƲôˡ
ԴɱĹҪõö࣬ôƲΪʲô˰ԼȫҶء
ˣܹսʤʹҵΡԭֻһ⣬ǼȻˣͼ縺Ρ
ֲá
ֲîbݷҫյϡĽɫ£Ϊʱ±ˣȥ϶ȥġ
ͦõģԺˣĸ϶佱ġҰһʶĸףżʱҲԼΨһĶӣһôˡ
ӴҰһΪȻ
ҵĸ𣿡
ɱӵĴҶ˵ڰǵһרŹѺС˷תͶ̥ڵΪ䡣ҰһЦҪ̫ĸĸҲúܺá
⣬̫ˡݷҫΪϢжȻһ
ûа취ôƽҺܱǸҿʵһԸ
ʲô

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148 
Ȭ
.ķǳ, ݷҫ仰ʱûסĶˡ
ô᲻Ҫһأ
Լ彡Ͳôżˣ㹻ʱy޲ҵ飬Ϊʱ̫ݶܶԭԳɹĻᡣ
ǡĿ
ݷǧһֱ䣬˻ʮ꣬ҲŶʮ, ѾԾ˿ͷĶҲ, СС;Ѿǳ£ֵһЩˡ
ôСĺ, ʱֻҪԺ־͹ˡõŲô飿
ݷҫնԼĺҪǳϸ񣬵ҲǰԼӵģֻϾûа취ͨĸĸһ簮Լĺأֻǿֵͣȥѧϰ˶ѧĶ
ⶼΪϵ䡣
һʹԴǴӹy޲Ͽʼġ
㲻Ը𣿡
Һ⣬ֻǧ, ٹ̡
ʵҲЩɣĿԳĻΪʲô֮ǰЩûгְ
ҰһҲĻ֮⡣
˵ʲô
Ϊָԭûа취, һˡ
Գɱͯĥʼ, ˾Ѿʼķչˡ
ƺԿʼˡ
һݷҫ, ҲǴ̽˼
ȻҪ, ݷҫոǮ㹻, Щⲻȥ
Żơ
̹ݷҫһʼĶ֮󣬺ܿ侲ΪҰһԼκá
˵ȻԽֻãΪʲô֮ǰͳ׽ǴԼϿʼأ
һʲôԼ֪ԭ
Ǳһ޵
Ŀأ
ˣԮ֡һֱһ߰ûгĻͻȻڵ׻ᣬӦôʱ
Ȼû˵ϵıҲôһ˼
ݷҫڼȨܴ˵ʱ˻ǲģᷴľܹѾˡ
ա
ϣܹһ¡յͷɹҲûйϵֻϣܹһ¡
ǰѾͻȻôһϣôܲȥץסأ
Ұһʶ˳һѴķ˿ǰļס
վɡҰһǳ϶ԼһһԽݷҫյ⡣
ΪһݷҫκҲڴʱڡ
ʵһ룬ԼָıˣԼʲô֪ʱ֮ıģһֿǲ֪ģһԡܾʱȷǱĪ⣬Ҳ֪ᷢʲô΢ʱ䡣
֮ǰɱͯĥǰһʱɱͯĥɽͯĥɱˣԼǰƲݷҫҲȫûġ
ǡ鷳ˡ
ͲݷҫһĳԼ֮⣬ֻһ£ĺӻæ飬ȥʱҰһһԼϢص״̬
ݷҫ۾ҰһȴԸоʲôһ·ϾǶûзһ˴Ʈ
Ҫǰĵ伮˵ȷôһˣݷҫĻΪҰһһֻ
Īĺ׽
ڻصĵʱ򣬲ݷҫվֱԼĺǻȥ˯ˣǾвҲ˵ʲôֻһͷĻصԼķ䡣
գĻָ𣿡Щŵܵܵ˵λ˾
ǴûϣͻȻήٵǵϣҲ֪Ǹ˾ܲκøס
λôһԵİɡ
СС;൱ȵĻĽļ侲ܿɲԣһֿܣǸˣ࣬һԵġ
֮󣬺ͬסĽҲ˯εоѣƲƺвµӣϽο
ôˣǲǳʲôˣǽŵʵ
պͳ˶һۣ͸֪֮ѡ˸ǡ
ǼҰˡ
Ұˣݷҫ֮ǰֻǸһ죬û˵ϸ飬ôͻȻһ˵һʱûзӦ
ػɱӵλ֮񡣡սһ£˵κø׵䡣
𣿣ϢղûŲݷҫһȥɽɨĺǶʱ˹ĿԺ𣿡
Ҳǻյĵ顣
Ϊ֪ܲκãǲŻ¶̬
ô˵ϣԼĸ׿Ȭ
ͺˡ
պͳ´˷ܵĺϢԭЩĺǣھĿȥܼȦ˯š
˵ڻ˷䣬ӦǽˡǷǳڴϼ֮󣬼ǽĸס
ڲݷҫյ۾ѾЩģˣǻܿӰٻص֮ҰһһֳΡ
ǳأһŨŨҩζͲݷҫϵζһޣȻζΪҩȾϵġ
ǹɱΪ˷ֹر֣ÿһʱͻݵ㣬ǰᵽݵŲʱ䣬䷿ӵÿһÿһȴÿһ涼մȾҩζ
֪ÿȵҩԲһСĿ
ʲôҿΪ׼𣿡˻ص֮ʵ
áҰһòݷҫǰ
ҪųҵʶģҪǲẦģôܶ
ڽע֮ǰҪȷǷܹܣȷڵû֮ŴԼľ泬˷ҩ
һС䡣
¶Ⱥܸߣҩֻ֮ºױʣŵ˺ĻǱߵ¶̫䣬׽Ϊ˱һЩԱĶҰһԼ˸䡢
ֺȽϷС⣬ѾʵռˣǱߵļǰЩҪһƳʺϵʹõĹߣ˵Ҹȡ
ò˶೤ʱ䣬ҲռĽ࣬Ҳõйʲôġ
ǱЩģҰһԼĶȽ˳ְģһԶƳߴ磬ٷ㲻
˾ͿҰһóһϥǸߵСӣ˿˿ðڲûб䣬ֻǱֶ̫ϡֻϲʿļǲݷȻǮһʱ㲻ֶõĻʳϰ취
档
򿪱֮󣬾¶еʮ֧Թܣÿһֻ涼ǵɫҺ壬ֻǳ̶ȸвͬ
ڲ֪ݷҫյҲ֪ԼһŨȵҩŻòݷҫ£Լȥڵ״
ݷҫտԸоλ˾Լߣߵ̫Ѩֱϱָ
ǹ񱡺ƵЩˬȴʮʵ˳ԼͷԼ֫ٺߣͣԼͷˡ
ǹϢʵᵽҪ˯ָֻоûгãͱһͻľʹ̼۾
Ұһ߬һɫĲĴָССˣǸС˻ðźҪҰһߡ


149 
ⶫЩʶ
ҰһԼ, ҲڲݷҫյԴ
Լݷҫտʱ, ԴҲ
ֻԼֵĲһ, ֽŷ·ԼʶСˣһƹСĺɫ塣
֪ǲΪԼῴԸоòݷұ
ԼΪʲôôɵİ.
ԾǷ˺ܴľҪץ, ֻǵԼ, ԴΪֻͨҩ︨⡣
ԼǧΪ, ʵԶǻʱԼܹģܹ׾ٽƺҲʲôܵ顣
ҰһþὫɫС˷ӡȥ, ˰Ʒķ䣬һ
ڴϵĲݷҫչüͷ, ԭѾӵüëİ̺ڻ.ȥ, ¶ԭüۡ
ݷҫպ͹y޲оųɵ, ΪӵͬѪ, Ż˵ơ
Ұһ˵ʲô˾ѾҪˡ
İ̺Ѿʧ, ֢״ǲ˵ԼɷѾ⿪أ
ҫ, ûиоﲻԣǿѯԼɷ򡣲ݷҫø첲ӴԼֻ֣Լͷϵİ̺, ӿЩɫľҲѾʼ, ֻΪԭûгʧ, ò˶೤ʱͿȫʧˡ
, ܵ˾Υɡ
ñʹĥõͻĸо̫ˡ
²ݷҫѾ˲׼Ҳһʱ䡣
ͷŲԼӺͺӣҲŲ¹ɱӵĴҡ
ݷҫպ˵ķӦһιҰһһҰһӲݷҫյϸоŨ˵Ͼ쵽˲ڲݷҫյ
ΪԼκɷŻԼ
ҰһԼСҩûóԺҲóˣŲݷҫջ˻ξ᣺ҾˣҲɡ
߾ͺáֻҵĶӻաݷҫЩε˵ԵĻ԰æϵҲժ𣿡
ڷ潹ȴϢĻռλˡ
һģԼĸĸֻһθ׹ʱԼ߹ģĸûв·ٶҲȽ
Եİ̺ѾʧֻڷߴôǳǳɫۼϷ¡
ףûסԼĵļ˹Ѿ𣿡
ݷҫսס˶ӣͷûҵѾˣڴ˹Ϊ˰ϵҲγ
˺͵Ĳݷҫһľٶ
Ұһ˶Խܹݽãǲݷô֣صĶԴԼҲЩ
ץʱɣһһҪصġ
վһ׵峹׻ָԼϵҲʧһɶһкõķչ
̫ˡ
ڲݷҫպ˰޴ĺǵʱҰһĵʧˡ
ͨص˵
ڻûеϰʱ䣬ڷ˯ҰһԼǰռȫ˳ԼռǱϵڴʱڵȫϰһ顣
ֻǵԼûаеȫȫһЩ˵Ĳˡ
ǲ֪ǲǴҰһڽǰ֮󡣷˲Ծĵط
˲ʵ֡
ʵֲûʲôԣ֮ǰԼҲʵ֣˲ûгܣϵǿƽ͡
ԼʵֵʱǸʵ־Ȼһ׶׷
Լûʲô£ȫûж㿪ɲʵֿ
ʲôҰһһ㿪˲ʵ֡
ҿ㰡
ݷҫôܻңҰһͷԣǰŸռ˲ݷҫգòʵָԼο֪ԼݵĲʵҲԼôɷġ
ô¡
ڵҰһһͷˮʵǲΪʲôʵֻ˵Ļ
ǰܵˣһһٸˡʵ˵ҿֵǹˣǳл
ǹ
ҰһԼļ䵱ԼԼǳôһ㶫
ڼֵʱֻǰͻ˼֮󣬾ҲûнӴǲʵ˵ģԼʱ򡭡
𣿡ҰһͻȻʵ
ʵ͵ؾ˵ʲô
ô֪岻õģ
ʵھͺ޲ƨһ󣬵Ӽ뿪СİˣԼһٷһĴ
ԼͲʧܡ
ʵȴҲҰһԼ̬Щ΢
Լ̬ȿɲãԼõˣΪʲôƽ͵ĶԼкԼҲȫû˵˵飬Ǵ֪ġ
ˣ侲Ұһüһе鲻̫ס
ʲô
㲻ġ
̧ͷӦϡղ֪ʱƣ˸ɫ׹⡣
ɫ׹ǧ֮ǰŵʱģʱǧ꣬ڴ.ʱڡһγˡ
Ұһץסһ㣬ϸĻԼڴʱһУȻԼԵϸߡ
ԼӵʱԼæžˣԲûй̧ͷգæµʱżһƳȷǿԿһĨϹ⡣
ıʱ򣬰Լɱͯĥʱ򣬲ڣӰ
ͺԼһж
Լȥɱ޲һ᲻ɹأ
Υ͸أҰһҲϵɫâԽԽأԼԼõ
ڿʲô
Ұһһֱ̧ͷĲʵҲ̧ͷһգʲôûпջǸգǺҲɴԭλϡ
ʲôÿģͨ
ڲʵ￴ƽƽգҰһȴȫˡ
ԭΪǸģԼ˺һ첲ΣչǰģȴһصģźɫƤ飬Ǳ黺̯¶ݡ
Ȿ鲢õģǱұߣǱʲô˺һ¶ӱߣչҳдӬͷСǱʵ̫Զдʲô
ҰһԼӦÿǵŲʵֱֵӷɵ߾ͷ
ʵ֣


150 
ҰһûвʱȻĸıš
ԭԼ, ھ, ǱĬںһ
ҰһԭҪսۿһ, ƮеǱȴӽʱһˡ
֮䱣΢ľ룬һֲԶܹԷȴֲᱻԷץסľ롣
ҹΪҿڶʲô
ǰû˵, Ұһ̬, Ҳ˵ŲܻӦԼǾڱտڲԱȽᡣ
һֱԼĲ, ڻ.Լ
һ˶ġ
Ǳ鷭һҳ¶˿հ׵ĵط
㵽ʲô
Ұһͷе, ͸Ȿ龿ʲô
ɵ߶ȣվڵϵĲʵˡ
֮, û˿Լ, δǼؿԿ, ʱ, ȫĵġ
Ͽʼּ
ںˡ
Ұһü
㣡
˶ĸ̾ڹⱾķŭݷҫձģ
ร˼ԭӦȥ, ҰȻ, ᲻ٰŪ
ֻҪԸĻ
ֻҪϣд²ݷҫջͻᰴҪɡ
ԭ
ʷǲݸı, ƽսʱڡǲԵġ
ɴʱǲͬġ
ԭʱڻԼƿ֮, ԴҰһ֮, δͲĿˡ
ҰһᴩԽ, 绹ƽ磬Ǽȶʵԭ߰չ涨ߣҰһԽһ˲䣬Ͱƽ籾ӦͬһԼˡ
һ˿϶ǲܷ.ͬʱģǸǿ磬Ҳ鱾ֱӽƽ̲ںˣҲ˵ԭǱһ緢û취ˣֻںϣֹ
ҲͷۣСԭҪ߸ŤģͲסҰһֱܵȥ޷ֻ֣ա
òװڣΪϾҪͷˣ˭Ұһһγˡ
ӱĸγɵƽģΪԭߵġҰһһˡ
Ŵߣʵ̲סˣƹˤͷںϣҲͱ˽ӡ
Ͳ÷İάߣں֮δ֪ҲûбҪҰһԡ
ҪҰһĺۡ
Ұһ˻һҲ˵滹𣿡
ǵģƽֻΪ꣬ѵûзԴӴʱڿʼʵͿʼǿ𣿡
ҰһҡҡͷûУһûзֿȫԸĶ֡
飺
ôˡƹˤԼ֪δᷢʲôôֹҰһ
ⷢӡ
οӰôãҲϢģ
ԭǵһ붼ǿհ׵ģҪһͿĨڵҰһõд֡
ղϳֵֽʧֱ˿հס
Ǳԭǵص飬ѾͨĿαСҰһǰ
Ұһ֣ӹⱾ顣
Ϊôʲô֮ͬȴ֣Ȿ鿴һǳͨ飬ƴСֻһĴָĺȣֻ֮ǰҳ֡
ȫúдģǵԼ飬ֻԼȥ֮󣬻һ
ȷǷǳģǷָģе֮⣬˼ǾǵееߣҰһûмͬ˳ڵ
ǰ漸ҳֵģȵ˺棬ȫǿհһƬʲôֶûУҰһҪʱŻ䡣
ҰһⱾ˻ȻӰ
ʵֻ۰Ͱ͵ĵԭؿһɲգӿɵˡ
ˣ￴ˡҰһںһ²ʵֵļڲʵֶ֮ǰص˵
Ȼص˵֮ǲ㳣˿ѾɢбǸϡӣҰһִӻͳǱ飬ʲôûУȴƲסҪ
Ұˣʲô
ţͷҰһֺʲôſϵĻţЩġ
ǿ𣿡Ұһһǽʵ
ʲôûа
Ұһţͷ¶ɻ漴ЦȻ
ʲôĵô
ҪҰһڵǻòԣҰһ̹̹Ȼ˵ǿţͷǾ;ˡ
ָЩС⣬Щͨɲ֪Ҫô档
ţǽֵ顣Ұһһ£ȻȥˣŶ

մӵȥûãڻҲ賿ûаͺҹȴĹϢǳ˵壬ϣֵҹ侭ʶĲʶģҰһ˸к
Ұһص棬ƿţȻǰܱʼĹơ
ӱߣž滹ҹգȻǿ˸ղŵ飬ſͷ֡
ܿ𣿡ҰһױƵİ˳ȥǹƵȴʲôûУûС
ҡҡͷⶫԼպðɣ𱻱˿ˣдʲôôͻġ
ҰһԼʱģƺҲ˵һЩﲻɵĻûж룬֪֮󡭡
ֹȻ˵ĸо
˵ǹ
ƴһʼͺ֪ٶֻһֱû˵ˣ˹ȥʵǲʲô֪
ֲ㻳Ǹôʲô֪
Ҫʲô֪ҲֻһˣֱӴϸԭаקԼȥ
ⶫȻҰһְǱóղ˵дĶʵ
š
ǲǺҵ𣿡
ֲ࣬Ķ࣬ϾԼֱӻһ硣ƴҰһӹǱ飬Ȼ֪ԼȷⱾ顣
ֻһԱҰһýѣʵĹڵôãҲӴôһ㣬Ҳôİ
ⶫаҲҪ
֪˲࣬ȻҰһҲᰲȻĻû²ҪóҲҪ˵Լ
Ұһ֪Ҫԣǽ˻Ž˻
Ƶ˳ؿ˽ȥ
űĵط˵ﶼԣҪ.ǰ
Ұһһ£漴ӦڳⱾĴס
ƽ˵Ĵ׾ˣΪʲôĴ׶Ҫԡ
ͨ飬ʶġ
ֻҪʶͱռˡ
Ұһգգۣİ.ǰ˳˾Իҡ
飺
У
׷ĴͷôҰһ㶪˾棬Լһ仰Ҫ
̫ˣ
ܾûôˣԼܵӡ
ûа취
Ͼ_(:١)_
԰ѹ˦ȥüӰֺ̯࣬Լˣ
룬ҰһҲôͷˡ


151 
Ȼ˵ںˡ
˲ʵֶԼ̬֮, зǳɡ
ѡԼݵĲݷһҡ
һ׳ͯĥҲͬһʼһ, صֽ̡
˼֮, ˶ûзֲԾĵط
ԭǹ
Ұһһθоǿ
ڹӰ£ǶΪĸıȻġ
Ұһ̾Ȼȥֽ̰ͯĥɵˡ
ɶҲ֪СͯĥôȻʧ, ȥȷһ, ȷϵȷûͯĥ
翪ʼں֮ߵķֱǧ֮ǰ
Ҳһиտʼ, Լոʲô֪ʱ
ʱӦøɱӵĴҹϵܺãо˵ҩٹͯĥͻ, ԼҲ޲ҡ
Щ΢, ǼʹҰһҲǺٺǰϵ
ǰıΪǣʱ嵭һ, ڴʱȴû˵ȳ
˵ϲ, ֻǵദϸѾҲ֪Լʲô̬ȥֻöŲϼǡ
ʱ䶼ûдӵ뿪ֱϵ˰֮
ɱӵĴҷҰһٳˣһһûг֡
Ҳ֪æʲô
ҰһҲǹɱӵ, ҲȨҰһжָֻ, һֱû˵, ҲΪҰһ, ֪ɱӣԲŻôĵ뿪
֮ǰûйҰһȥˣȴС
ǻҪҰһҵ˽棬ѵǺҵ˻𣿲ݷʱҰһҽ棬ʱ䳤ˣǱ߿϶ĵġ
ǵȵҪȥҰһʱ򣬾ͷǲûҰһϵʽ
һֱԼĺ͹ɱϵ³ȥ뿪֮һֱûôϢ
ǲͶУֻЩȫ
ݷҫոҰһ׼ʵѾʼͶ飬Ų֮ͻЧ֮ǰߵѾʼͶʹãЩҰһûзֵġ
ǵʱѾҪˡ
ôʱûɱӣҰһЩ顣
˹ɱӵĶʿԼ¶Ե˷ʱǵ˶塣
ԼڵʱɱӸפȥһط·Ҳط
ڹɱܲ棬һֵĵơ
ע⵽ҰһߣɱӵԺ.˵ߵƣȻһܹҵʿڵĻЩƾͿĽŲЩôСĺܺá
ߵʣҰһŻԼǰȷкʲôоߵƣٻӵ
İæɱӶԸʱӦûࡣ
ݷҫջܲ档
Ұһˣܿ˸ȥ
ݷҫ״̬ܲϵ䱻ѹƣȻûȫѾˡ
һжźõķչɱϣʿǵʵ˵ǻͨҲʹõ
ЩǵĴøͨ˵ȫõ˱ϡ
ЩΪҰһ
ݷҫȻΪҰһͻȻʧôʱЩˣֻǾöԷʲôǵҪ죬ûٸʵס
ǰʱҵ˹ˣѯﱻȥˣʱĻȥһǡ
Ұһû뵽һҪôϾĿ飬ôʱȥˣﻹǵߵĽףԲݷҫյʱԼ¶ţ֪ԼΪʲôôԼʲô¶ûиɡ
Ϊ̫ûмǶӣ
ܡ
ʵѾѺҵĺɾˡҰһЩǸЦЦȻЩʵʡʱҾ˺ܶ࣬Ѿô֮ǰ顣
˵ô֮ǰ飬ڲݷҫǿʵŹȥ¡
СҲǵסǰʲôǶҰһ˵¶˵ȴһǧꡣ
1000ȥôãҲܰѵһһȫ
ֲǹơ
ֻйǸ̬ôļ
ڲݷҫղûй
Ҳ֪Щ鲻Ҫ׷̫ÿ˶Լ**οҰһصˡ
ҰһڵʱһֱǲݷҫհæҽǢģһЩǳص֪֮⣬ָơ
ҪЩȽϺĵ飬֪
ӰɱӵĽŲҲֹͣͻɴǺпܻΪҵĹϵ뽩֡
һ벻𣿡
ô˵ءҰһǳǸҲûа취ϾʵǼǲˡ
һκҼʲôʱ򣿡Ұһʵ
һμǰ֮ǰؾһμӦûһµʱ䣬ʱֻ鷳һˡ
Ұһʵûа취ˣǹķ֮ЩΡ
ǵǸʲô˵ȻѾˣ㵱ȥļ¼ڼ¼ƣڼ¼˵ƽʱ޾ϸǺӦҲɴǶʱȫһˣԺҪٳʲô£Ҳæˡ
ҰһȻ
ھзǱۣ˻
ԼȥѾ1000ʱˣ.ֻתͶ̥֮Żᱻ٣ҰһûתͶ̥.Ȼ.棬ֻҪҪͿȥ鿴
ֻ˺ܾõߵ.϶ҪĻҪרŴȥҶͷһ䣬ҰһȥԼ.ϣּæԼȥˡ
ҰһİæҵԼƽôϯһԼȥϡ
ÿÿ˵ʲôʲôȫ޾ϸؼ¼.ϳ˱.ϿϵĻܰ棬ȥ˾ʱԭ档
һҰһͶԼǰļƻôһӡҲٵĲ֮ҵĻ档
Ҳ֪ǲǸɣԭΪ뻹һ²Żһ˹ˣָҪҰһ档
ڲݷҫջڵҰһʲôǵõʱҰһѾǱ߽ϣʹʱڣߵʱȴǴ.棬ȻǱҰһˡ
ݷҫЩ⡣
ѵ˵ҰһѾԼļһ
ǰǻ˵ԼѾǰļĲôѵν˵
õĺҵĺѣѾȫˡ
˵ȫֻ˵ְԼĹȥ»عһ顣
ݷҫղõģʱˡ
Ȿұü縺ΡҰһָݷҫմһ벻ľϲ
ģԽҩΪλСҩҩˮڹϣҩôãҪԼҲԣƷҲνƷĻҪ۸񶨵úܸߣͨ˻òġ
ݷҫû뵽ҰһȻôһϲ˵ҩˮоĲ˵ҩ
ݷҾǮҲôģǱ߳ʣǹɱҲȫûǮģһȻõġҰӯɷָ㣬㿴𣿡
ɾ͹ˣʣµɸλСͺãⱾһݹ͡
ңΪʲôҲûҩλ֪µʱֵıȲݷҫջҪȣȻҰһоҩҲûֶѽΪʲôҵİæأ
ȷô˵ġݷҫЦȻѡ㣬Űɡ
Ҳ˵ͷҾҰҽ˲ģ˺ÿԸᣬԽҲôãʵҲǿ׾
λݾԼ˵ĻЩԾ
̵뷨Ҳǳ򵥡
ڹɱҪ˵Ұҽ˭Ĺϵãǧ֮ԼˣǧˣҰҽ϶ϲģԼôƯҰҽԴһͳ󡭡
϶׷㡣
ϾһԵ޹ʵĸһŮǮ׷Ǹʲôأ
ľпܡ
˭䲻ԼĽ㣬׷ԼЩҲֻҰҽԿۡ
ǿǿɡ


152 
Ұһ֪Լŵס
֪Щ˾ʲô, ҩǺλ, Ȼڵλݲǵ, ҰһǲĹ̫ͣܲҪҪٶһ㡣
˭֪ء
λݶԺ̵ĻûʲôӦ, ˵ô˵, жʵҲûʲôݡλŮ˵ֱҰһԼʵû뷨
Ů˶ⷽʵǷǳ.е, ҰһϲԼ϶иоҪԼõѾ֪
Ҫ, Ұһ˶
첻, ÿ˵̬ʵһģǸĳ˻СŮԡ
ҰһСŮԱȶͨҪĶࡣֻᱣһֲľ룬ҲΪ־вֹ˺λݡ
ôõ, һʼʵҲǻᶯĵ, ڷҰһı֮Ъ˼
ʺϳΪѣȴʺϳΪɷ
λݵȷҰһûдҲҰһȷǸˣûа취Լδһ֮˶⸱ӡ
, λһʼЪ˼, ȷĸ˺ֻ̣֮Ѷ, Ҳıϵ, ֻͲҪ˵ˡ
죺˵Ͳ˵
ЩźɱӵûмԼ㣬û˼ãҲϣôͼ޳ȥ˱ˡ
ݷҫѯһµȷڵĵݽչû֮׼뿪
ݲǲݷҫվסĵطһֹͨ˽룬Թ˵Ķʿɵľҵ
Ҫ㱨ʿʵֵĻתݷҫգ˵Ƿ˹y޲ҵټ
⻰ڳôס
ݷҫռվλݺͺǰѰ಻סϲı飬ɫǵͨ졣
ʵ
Ժȥء
λݣҲһȥ
ʵִϢڹɱȻ󲨣ʱûвҴţ¹عy޲ңϢܿʹɱӡ
ִڵҲϢǱֱӻعɱӵܲѯʲʵľûа취뿪ԼѲֻܰ¿ܵģȥʡ
ǰһֱҲy޲ҵټ˾˼һҲ
֪ʵţҲԼסͬһƬ£Ҳ
߼Ĺ̬ǳԱϣߵǵǰҲѷֱǾǹˡ
ҹ̬ҪһЩˣǲŻᱻҵ˿Ӷɱ
ҹͲһˣǵ̬ڶĥ֮Ǹ֮ͯĥͨ೤һģһ۾ֲĻһ˸ͿǼĹɱӣҲп©
ͯĥ⼸һֱڲͣؽӴ࣬ɱӵҲӴȴȫûзֲԾ
ôǹy޲ǵģݷҫȲʵ
ұˣȥһҽԺơҲûзҽԺʲôԡڼǸҽʱҾͷֲԾˡʵ˵ֻҪǸҽڵʱͻĽģƤҲر԰ףݻʿ˵ΪλҽƤԲɹ̫ʵ˵Լƶϡ
ȻҪĻΪ˾Ե֤ݡ
һɫɫ̷˹Ǹҽǰ޲Ҵˡ
ʵֵǲȻǿǸ۾֡
֮
ʮеҡ
ܹˣ˱ϹϾģֻôһˡ
y޲ҡ
塭𣿡ݷҫյ˵ͷһȥǼҽԺ˵ģȡy޲̬ݣķǳãȷûдݾ𣿡
ǵģȷûзҡ
ʵֿʱ򣬾кܳһξ룬һһӣǿǸˣҲͣ½Ųȥ޲Ҵˡ
ǿ˲ʱ䣬ֲԾ֮ץʱ뿪ˣôԶʱộȷ޲ǲûзԼ
Ϊ˲ݾߣװµӣǸҽԺ˼졣
ʵַǳԼȥǼҽԺʱûдɱӵĶӷȻ϶һʼʱͻᱻǸȻԵ
ɸΡ
ǲʵֲȷôƻ޲ǲǿϹûóȻ֣Ȼ֪ܲݷҫա
ݷҫҲ˳˼
粻ʵֲ²Ҳǳǹy޲ҵıߵĲʵ֣ĿľΪ˽һ򾡵ĻҪҪȥͳһǳ⡣
һأ
һûзأ
ݷҫղҲùɱӶʿȥġ
̽ĻһСľͻᱻy޲ǷټǸʱ΢ƽͻᱻơ
𲻻˵ǵʵ̫ˣ⼸ɱΣһͱy޲ҸȫǹӲд񣬲ϵķչ׳Լӭ˽档
ֵʵ̫ˡ
ϼ£ϵǺ꣬ǸʱɱӾ㹻ʵ͹y޲ӲӲˣŲҶ
 ʱҪ嶯⼸һȥһ¹y޲̬ݡݷҫ˱Ƚ׵һǼҽԺѲ߷Χ֮𣿡
ǵġ
ȻҲǼҽԺ
ǲ֮ǰűֵƬģǵѲ򲻻һ̶ֱһطΪ±ԣԻᶨʱ򣬶ʵڰ֮ǰֵġ
ҲΪطû೤ʱ䣬ȷҽԺ˲ʶԼ
֮ͻȥƬɡݷҫճһ˵¹ȥ
ԣ϶ҵģʵһͲʺֹ
µȷǲԴǣƽô˵Ӧûʲôϵ
ˣʵֻǷǳˬ
Ը³һҪ˵Ҳ൱Ѷܲˣ˵ˡ
ȥ˵ͻȥɱȽϿ죬Ҫ˵ϻy޲ҿ϶Ҫġ
ʵڲλȥҲԡ
һߵĺλݵ˵ͷһŮӣy޲Ӧò̫
Ǳ̫Σˡ
ΪŮӣԲŲģŮӵʱͱҪһЩھʵ㲻ǿƽǵݾͷܶྫûרնɱĶʿǿ죬ʵָͲһСȥǱߡ
ҲΪʲôȥλסؿڣ˵⻰Щ
ʵʵֻǵλݵİȫѣֻ˵ĻˣЩǸС˵Բ
ɡݷҫ˵עԼϣλݺһȥɣ˻Ӧһ¡
ߵ˶ġ
Ȼе㺩ʵӹɣԱкλտţҲΪͱ¨ӡ
ʵǿǿĴӦˡ
ḻûܷϸµʵ
ΪûʲôһյϢĸڿԼȥʱе㲻֪ʲô
ܲǱ߳ʲô£½ϵĻصܲ˲ݷҫգȻӲݷҫϢ
ʵѾǰ뿪ȥ渻µѲˣºͺλ뿪ԼȥִǸᱻ˸֣һʱ벻ˡ
ʱ̫й񣬲ʵֲŻһ뿪ܲȥ֧Ԯ
С˵
ǺҪôԾܾأλݲ⣬˵ʲô֮
´ۣϣĻ
λݵЦеǿȻѾӦˣھҪ̤ó̡
ǰղʵṩĵַҵļҽԺȷǲʵ˵ȴŴЩ֡
Ѿ˶ӷеţټ£Сһ
ʵϣڵһСޡ
ǵĸµ죬ɷһСޡ
ſڣȻŽȥ
ӭ٣ʲôҪæ𣿡ӭǵĻʿӭ˹ҪҺŻǡԤԼ𣿡
ҵɷɤӲԴλ˵ҽǴҽտҪء
ҽѾԼˣԽûа취ء˵ʱλʿѾʼϹǸҪԤԼĻڸԤԼ֮ʱ䡣
ҽʲôʱпأλݲģûҽпգ
ͺã
Ļûء


153 
˾ýҪ޹ʱ, ת
һ˴ӻʿ¥һͷƯ˳ĺɫ۾Ưĺ챦ʯɫ, һĨЦ⣬ʱеĺɫŰ״, ȥǸ׵ˡ
Ȼ˵ôͲʵ˵Ĺy޲ҵˡ
ºͺλʶı壬ս״̬
ҽʿг˵, ĹѾ𣿡
ǵģĹѾˡΪƱϵ۾һվſڵ, ŻشǹĲû, ͽҰɡ
Ǿ鷳ˡε˵ͷ, , Ұ
˵ͷǰһҵİ칫, ȥ׼һ¡
õġ
Ǵ˰ȻŸȥ¥İ칫ҡ
һ¥, ¥, ÿһڹⴰڵģȶϵĵ, ĺͺûʲô
Ϊʲôϴ, ò͸𣿡λݺʵ
ҽ߹, ûа취⣬õļҽҽҽҽԺõһһԽĲκõġ
εг˶ԼƳ磬ҽԺʼκ˺ܶˣڱǳãÿԤԼ˶ܶࡣ
˵ŻǾͱδ¥һ칫棬дš֣޲̬ϡ
վ˷棬λݺ͸¸Ǿþýš
޲ûϳǵĻھǰȫģϳǡǹƾˡ
ҽˡţѰ칫Ĺy޲Ѿˡ
Щŵĺλݣޱĸ¿Ķ࣬εĺȥסΪЩ΢λݡ
Ҿˡθ֮󣬾ͽ
µĺλݲ֪ΪʲôͻȻ侲ˣô侲ɽ£ͻȻԼôûʲôҪ
¶ţԼžͺܶ
λֹ̬ƽԼ飬ǰһվ˸µߡ
ڼλ¶Ц֮󣬸ڷЩӲ塣
̫ˡ
λˡ
ϹʵŵһĸɰԹy޲Ҳ޲
ŷŹϵֻʣˡ
ﱻײҲҵĵƹһ⣬y޲ҵյЩ͸˫ƯǺƵĵҲѪɫ
ˣңʲôy޲˵һᾡκǵġ
ҵɷɤЩϣһ¡λ˵ԵĻסԺҲǺõġ
ǵĲӦòסԺҪ۲ҵĻֱ˵ҲôĨǵġy޲ֱӴǵ⡣ڱϵ۾ժ÷档۷Ͻ棬Ŷȣһյӣ˵ĻȴֳôѺãΪ֪Ϣʱ򣬻ֱ㾡ȫ֮Χңû뵽ֻˣǿ𣿡
λ˲ɫֻЩȵ۾
ôһʼͲµ𣿡µķӦy޲ȴЩˡ
ΪµԸ񣬻ΪгһжѾȻġ
´ϰԵı飬ܹ۾Ѿ𾪵ıˡ
y޲һȱ̫࣬ԼļıˣЩ߳ŭ˼
Ĵ޷Զ󱳵İ״ӱ˺ѣǸѿɫĴǣڴǵĩ˳ŰƳУֻǿž;÷ˡ
û̫ϻֱӶ֣ɱץĹɱӶʿ
Ȼy޲Ҳʶˣȴܹ϶˾ǹɱӵġ
ϵǹϢ޷ƭ˵ģֻҪһ۾ܸо
֮ǰǸ˰̵Ҳһ۾ͿΪԼѡͣ˼졣
y޲Ҫɱ˵ģһ뵽˻ὫĹɱӵ侲
һֱɱ׷ɱֱӴӸѹɱⶫγɱӶ˵һǰQȴû취ȫɱˡ
ôһᣬôܲúõİסأ
òʵֿġ
ʵֵȷˣȻȥˣ֪ͨ˹ɱӵˣȻҲܼһһŮ
ΪĻˡ
ҲνˣܹݷҫɹĿ϶ʲôССϺӦǼġ
ֻһҲȫ
ɱ㾡ȫΧͰʮһ˶Ѿǰкˡ
ˣȰɱ˵ˡ
y޲ԼεַˣЩꡣ
ÿҪαҲͦ鷳ģǵĿǰΪֹһҪˡ
ҽԺҲüϡһɱ֮󣬾ͰҽԺһѻ˵ˡ
ѾźеĹy޲ңĵĶ˷˹
˹ץûдôܻԼĹأ˭֪˾ȻͳһᣬȻִӾͳԼֵ
ǸʵúܣΪʶĳ˾ϲԼ档
ǸԼҰһҰһϹҰһͽܡ
ڼһ˲䣬y޲ҵֻһ뷨
ܡ
ⶫ˵ǺҰһĹϵǳãһԼģΪȷԱɹǺӻʲôˣǻ治̫˵
y޲ҸͲҶҰһ֮һĸʡ
ֻȫȫˡ
Ǹһ˵Ļ
y޲ȫûԼ˼
ԼǱҰһļĥʹڻôӰ
˲˵޲ҸɴؽгŮԼͻȥ
ŮԼϰʱһ˲±ƣһͷʺȴԼѪԼϰͻ
˵Ůºͺλݶ֪y޲ΪʲôͻȻѡ뿪
.֮󣬹y޲ǼһﾹȻˣ
ǳ֪ԼʵҪǶϹy޲ּĹ϶Ӳģڱ¶ʱѾȫԸ׼
֮ǰԣû뵽y޲һܡ
y޲ҵĽ³ſţλݺ͸ԥһ»ûȥ
ȫ֪Ǳʲôһȥ֮ǹy޲ǵĴӪأ
Ǹȥǻ֪ѵϳλãԹy޲ҵʱûз֮˵ϳȥ
ϳһĿ൱ֲĹ
y޲һʼûιǳȷĸ˹ȥĻȴǵֻ
Լʱ䲻ӦԱһļ٣ȻͲˡ
෽֮£ºͺλ˻Ƿ˽ȥһ̽뷨
Ӱתۼʧ˷֮ڣľžǴûгֹһ
ҲһʼĻ谵İס
칫ɱһʼֻ࣬ĵ۲֤˸ղ칫һС
½õɢ
y޲ܵˣҲûʲô塣
ֱӴ¥ȥĲƺ档
ǵѾļΪʵͨ˴¥ȥƻˤϲӣȴˡ
ȷԼģǺ滹Ķʿ˳ʲô⣬Ǹϲϡ
Ͼǹy޲ңôСҲΪ
ưƣڻص˹ɱӣ⸽עĵȴŵĶʿǸϽΧôûˣ޲ôˣ
ڼʵֵʱ֪ǹɱӵˣŲʵַȥԭΪǶȥȻһˡλݽһ£ֻЩˣǳֹǣҪɱǡ
ھôúõվ¶Ƥûˡ
ʵǿ󵽿ڹy޲ҵֵȫ
ǲܵġ
ôģûΪ𣿡
ûУ׼ģͳʱ򣬹y޲Ҿèĺһˡ
ˣ
ʸͲʺϹy޲ңʵԶҪǿĶ࣬ǿʲôȻܵ뷨
̫ˡ
û¡
û¾ͺá֧Ԯıڤ˵˾䰢ӷ𣬡ϸһ£Ǵʲôʱʼܵģ
εʱ򡣡ڿڣҿˣڿóʱ¶˾ֵı顣
ó
λݻȻ򣺡ǲǿ˾᣿


154 
ڸֽʿʼ֮, ͺ˻ʹóضһЩռطľˡ
ֻĳЩȽϱصĵطűþ¼ϰߣټڵǰ̫һⶫѾٻ֡
ڱ˿һģһ, ڹy޲ҿҰһľ˵ľ֮ͬһ۾ܿ
Ұľȫɫ, ǲ㲼棬һаƴһͼͼ·ϻܳǷھͲһǼ֮Ķ, ǹy޲ǧѰҵкҰйصļ壬ҰһûһëǮĹϵ
ֻڽʱ, иǳҰɻʦ˲ͱy޲ɳĹˡ
ԭǳ, ΪҰ, һǻʦ
һʼy޲ҵǵʱΪҰһĺ, ϾҰ, ǻʦʹ, һ޵Ը, Ұһ
Ȼëˡ
ɱҰһɱ⼸
ǹy޲Ҿͯĥȥ˸, ųһ
Ұһǲ֪, ֲǸе, ҲûоʲôԵĵطҰ̫ˣҲеҰн֮תͶ̥ȥˣҲûзϡ
y޲ҶʲôҪ˵飬޾ٴɱȫҵǲ壬ڼǸ֮󣬲ͻȻǼˡ
ɴˣû˿ԥѹɱһˣԼСȽҪ
ص޳ǡ
޳ǲԵû谵տյ˵޳ȴۼΪٵĹʮҲ˹Ѿȥͯĥ֮⣬ʮȫˡ
ŮζһߣԼĴڸУĹԼǰ
Ȼ֪ʲôڵԲֹۣƻûгɹϰڿ϶ŭ죬ָ˭ʹùͷɳͲء
ǰͯĥԾգʲô£Ҳùy޲жô˿ֲȻͯĥѾˡ
ǿĵطһһŮ˵
ڵѹּˡ
еĹڹy޲ҳ޳ʱˢˢĹͷ̧
ȵͦİy޲ôȫҪǲΪҷǸʲôԵģţ
˹y޲ȴy޲˵̫ﲻǡ
Ȼûһ˸˵
˵Ҳûйϵôľ룬y޲ҿڳ˵ڻ
ʲôy޲ȫ֪
׼ҳ˼ƿڴĹ齫ǵԴ󱬡
İ׵Ļһ𣬷ɽ˵ϣɱѪŪĹսսľҶ
ô˵
鼧ܲƵտ˵˻޳ǵȴٻ
Ŷ˿ϻĻˣ޲ü˼˵ˣҲٻǾͲ𣿡
鼧ҡҡͷģˣ
Ϊʲôҡ
Ϊ˷ǺĲ¹y޲ң˵¼Ĺϵ˵Ǻϵ޲Ҳٻ˦ӡ
ΪʲôڼƻտʼʱͻˡĲڵ⻰ɹת˹y޲ҵעö鼧һС鼧һСĵıظԺĲͶȥһм񣺡ûмǴĻӦѾ͹ɱӵ˽ˡ
޲һֻ˶ѡ
ƻҼ֮˹ùy޲ұĺ޲ðڳĹѵһ顣
סˡ
ˣѾʵϹɱӷǳɡĲ˵ȻѾȫˣҲûбҪȥѰˡ
Ĳһ¹y޲ңy޲ұеˣһû˼˵Լʵûдֱӻˡ
˵˶˵ȫֵһᣬҰ̽ĵĻͱ뿪
Ĺy޲ѾĬˣҲ˵ڸղһ˽ɱӵˡ
ڳ˲֪ǵľͨԱȻǳϰģǹӦþ
ɱһΪ棬ȴʵǳĽ
ڶʱֻ·һȻͬΪʮ£Һҵʧȫر
ңֻǸ߼һڻҶѡ
ǹy޲ָŹҺңʱֻʵ̫ˣͬʮ£ΪʲôҿɱȴʲôҲˣÿͻǳԵ˺ȵѪȫȥ𣿣
û뵽ìͷͻȻתǵϣǸϽǻŬģһṼٸһᣡ
˵ڶ¹y޲һˬͰǸ
ڹy޲ҵҺĹһͬƷɱҲǲС
ǽ컹Ϊǿ϶ڽˣǹy޲ȴûнǣǰ
y޲ҸԼģģӴѪҺӿ˳
Ѫζһ˲䣬޳氲ŹͻȻը˹еĹֱʧȥǣҪᣬֻǻûнӽʱy޲ңֱӱˡ

ôһѪҺ.ʧȥжĹ侲
ܹõѪʵȷǺõģⲢҪԼ
յЩѪҺøǿ󣬴ӽ쿪ʼ׷ɱɱӵˣһ׼ܣɱĶ࣬͡
y޲ѪһѪνһͰˮ棬óʮ֮Ĺȵ
ΨһûбѪҺģֻʣˡ
Ĳ˵ͷȴûнܹy޲ҸѪҺһԼȻǿҪ
˾Ͳһˣ鼧Ҳֵ˲ѪԿԸоٶţԼԼʹﵽһ߶ȡ
ʵˡ
ɱӵ˲֪ʵǿڽᣬ۽ô졣
֪һеĲʵַǳ
ΪԼûб֣ʵȴһж飬y޲һǧ꣬Թ˿ܱ˶࣬Լľ֪
ã´أ´λǻܹ
̫ˡ
ҪⲢĴֻǹy޲ҹڽƻ˶ѣҶûõĽ
ݷҫհοǲʵȴûа취׵ˡԼϾԼĻ
ʱҾҪ˻߸һ𡣡ݷҫտŴ˵δݾߣпܻùy޲߳ŭʱӦûһķˣʱҪעⰲȫ
ݷҫյԤлûг˶ֵʱ˲̫õԤС
Ԥеʱ򣬶ǹɱӼش۵ʱ򣬵ǹɱֲֹͣϾĸߵʹŻдͨܵǵĹǳ󣬶ѹء
ݷҫѯһµϸڣλǲ⣬ݷҫյһ뷨
˵Ǻ°ε˵Ϊóľᡣ
ں¾
Ұҽǰ͹y޲й
ͷǳѰζˡ
ݷҫֱȥҰһҰһȴڹɱӵκһطݵҲ֪Ұһȥ
ȥǧɣڵݰæǧҲ֪ҰһȥʵϣѾܾûмҰһˣÿȥ˵˼ͻᱻߡ
ǧԴ벻Ϊʲô
Ұһ˱Ҫʱӵ֮⣬ʱ϶ϳ
ץҰһǲݷҫãǷ棬Ű˸׵ˡ
Ұһǹڹy޲ҵ飬û˵ʲô͸ŹȥҲݷҫգݷҫǱӱģʱЩӦ
ȷԼûи˵Լ͹y޲֮ĶԹҰһһʼΪǹɱҪԹy޲ҽΧҪİû뵽ڼ֪֮y޲ʱɧ
ҰһԹy޲ҵ⣬ܿͲµ˹y޲ʱܸʲô
֪ԼΪԼпܻᶯֶΡԼֵµĹʵӶǣƹɱӵĶʿǡ
зǳֱǲò˵ǳЧɱӵĴҵ߾ͨˣͨҪЮɱӣȷóġ
ʵҽһ£㲻Ը˵ĻҲûʲôϵҾһ͹y޲֮ʲôԹΪʲôڿôķӦˡ
ȷǲ̫㣬ֻҪ֪ҺͬһսߵģͬĿǹy޲ҾͶˡҰһǲܰԼʱ澭ȫġЩ֪Щ֪ġ
ÿ˶Լܣٸʵ׻ᡣ
ݷҫջΪҰһ˵֮Ĺ£û뵽ҰһһھܾˣȻѡҲӸ档ֻϣڲڹɱӵʱ԰æտһǣʵǷĲ¡
⻰˵ҰһҲȥġ
ǲ²һɱ˺ļҶԿ
ǵĴĸоЩʵǿ˺ܶ࣬ǰһ˿ӦԵĹȴҪ˲նɱ
˲ݷҫյָʾһСѲߣȻпܻΪʧȥ
ҲΪһ飬y޲Ǳ߷ԼBUFFȴûдﵽ֮еĽ
ˡ


155 
ǸʲôԵģҶѪָǻǴ򲻹ɱӵЩ𣿣ŭ֮еĹy޲ҺǳʧصĹ, Ƕ˵, οֱڻͨǡ
y޲ұΪԼָ, Ϳùɱܵش, û뵽, ɱӵ˾Ȼǰһж, ȺһѲ, 䵥ķ˹һͨΧŹ֮ȥľȻǱǿ֮ǡ
ùɱӽѲˣ϶ڹɱӵĵ˲ݷҫա
Ҳֻ˲ôġ
Ϊɱӵϲһ, ȻԲй
ҲܲˣϾǺò׵õ˸ǿſԽλɱЩ˵ɫ
˭֪ǱߵķӦȻ߻Ҫ졣
⼸˲ٹ, Ϊ̫, Щҳȥˣʵϲȥ, űy޲ʦ
ǽڣǲ𣿳ҵѪ֮⣬ǲȥ˼ǿ겻ȫЩҲָɱˣɱҲԣôģżȥǾʹôˣ, y޲ҷǸˡ
Ҫ˵Щû, ΪʲôɱӵЩ˾ִ, ֵµЩˣһһôûУ
ֵѪҺĹô˵Ҳн200, ЩܲѪҺеѪڽˮָǺȡ
ЩҲ̶ˣôûѧҲһǿ
Ψһûбģֻһ²ؼҹǡ
ǵʵĹȫͬͨĶԱǶɽҪǷƽy޲ҿܻǵĵɵ˵ô䣬ԱȣǼԵЩɰˡ
û𣬻ɱ˺üɱӵĶԱ
ǹy޲תһ룬ֲַԾˡ
ҹҷֵģǵĽҲģɱͨĶԱǰǿԣڱǿˣɱȴͨĳԱǲûн˲ˣ
ʮ¾ҪʮµӣǼӵĻҲüˣ
˼ڵy޲˼֮Ǿʱâ
ǰԿ̹ԵһȥҲԿҰһԼ1000֤꣬ǶôҪ
ǰҲԡ
˷ȰڵĹɱӵĶӳ˵
ûǴĻӦûмͷˣҲǸ߰С
߰Сʲôµأ
y޲Ҳ֪һɱҲ֪ʱѾܿƵˡ
ھͶֵĻҰһҲڵĻɱӻ治һܳŹȥпùy޲ҵóѡ
Ȼ֪
ʧĿǰΪֹõĻᡣ
ڵҰһҲԹɱԹֲܣֻҪȥϮ඼ְæҲΪʲôɱӵԶϵҪ͵ԭ
ɱҲڲݷҫյȼ֮һʼ˵ҪУǹɱڵܾͿ϶ֹۡ
ټҰһĳʱǿ֧ŵס
ʵǿˣֻһ˵ʤ˶Щǿ˻ƴһ¡
вٵĶʿʱĶԿ
ݷҫշǳѹȴΪ
ڲǰΪʱڽҲǰô޼ɵˣڹɱӵĶԱҪԴǱϮ֮Ҵߡ
ΪлųޣܹŶԹĺⲻϵıǿΪԼҪ֮˱
վҪΪɱĶʿҪǳõĥһʱͿԳʦġ
Ǳ߻ûϢ𣿡
쳧ӵƵǹǴģֻһСֿͶʹãЩԶԶ
Ҫ˺͸
Уռƻһ¾ͿԳˡҰһ˵ʵżĻȰѳЩװڹy޲ǱϾǺпΪ˱ǿȥϮͨˡ
Ϯͨһٵѡ
ǹɱӾϺԱһҲٸˣɱĶʿҲһˣһٸ˿϶ܱеͨˡ
ʿҪúüʱ䣬ǹy޲Ǳ߾Ͳһˡ
y޲ȫЩ֮ͻʶѰѪ⣬ӶϮͨˣļֻš
Ϣ֮ҲԴĿǰΪֹЩǹ֧ҩһָ˹ɱӣʣµĻȫװµ˽˲ϣЩ˰ϢڳѲߣȫЩ˶һСӣһСӽУйǶ˼ҲҪһԼܴܲùôˡ
ǿʿ
ʿ˿ɲͨһڸǹȥҪβͷǳ鷳ЩҲûгӣһֱҶЩױֵ֣ͦȫġ
Щ˵ʵûйɱӵĽʿǿ󣬵ܹרҵѵһ״̬Բ1+1=2״̬רҵרҵ豸һͻ൱ֲЧ
ҪĿľǵȫϷַÿʿȻſƶսƻy޲ҳɱ
һβֻйɱսǱɱԼǱͨһս
ҲǾɹһΡ
ʱˡݷҫ˵⼸תһǳ࣬µĹʷ𣿡
ǵ⹤ʶ٣ǼɱӱΪ˱ˣתǵܲˣԹʱҲᴦ·磬⡣
ǿɲһ޻ָ壬˾ˣ˾ˣܵأѪ̫ǻġ
ڹɱûô˿ֻ
һ֡
ʵڲеĻȽһֵͼĹɱأ˽飬ĿԲǺܸߡ
ǲԣִѶȺܸߡǾҲû취˵ˡ
ʱѾǳŬˣǻвͨܵϮ
һʼٷѹסϢ˵ԽԽ࣬Ǿѹסˡ
ڹٷ͵һɱ壬ڱֽϺ͹㲥֪գǿǰʱûرĿֻš
Ϊɱ˷ԭֵĽֵڶû˸ҳˡ
ƽĹ죬Ƕĵ£ֿʼ½½ϴӼ
һûȥֹǡ
ΪǷֹѾܾûгˡ
¹ȥǱߵĳҲѾﵽҪȻܱ֤ÿ˶װȴܱ֤󲿷Ա֮
ǲΪʲôy޲ݷҲ֪ǲʱı֪ƽʱ֮ףʱúõϢ
һж죬鶼ͰķչţΪ¹y޲ͻȻϮһʼԤĶûиôڹ涨ʱ潫ˡ
ǹе֮⻹һյյƣЩе·ưװ·棬еľ͸ɴల˴ϣһϾͻ
y޲ǲûаıϣֻΪĳйy޲ҳʱݷһαװݣһ󸾡
ͬһӾסĵط͹һϵʱŹԼᡣ
Щµ·أͰһָֽŹy޲ҵĸ첲۵Ŀȥ·ûлҪкö˲ͬ⣬֮Ч
˶·ʲôȫûȤһˣ˻磬ΪƵĴڣŻɢڰ˼Ϊΰķ֮һ
y޲ҾЩȴֲ֪Ϊʲô
⸽ûйɱӵˣҲߣԿ϶ֻԼһֻ
Ϊʲôôأ
˲̫õԤС
ʱ󸾾Ѿĸ첲ӷ棬㻹ڵʲô


156 
ŵǸ㲻ϸߴ, ȴ, ȴ쳣Ŀ, ڷǳе, Լѡ, ҲȫΪ
һȨ, ֻһź˾ϲ, ˵һŷḻѧʶ̸֮伫ΪȤˡ
ڵǺ˻ŮˣϾڲеŮ, ôһС.˱ȱȽǣ߶ղ
Ȼǹ޶
ͨûҲû, ʵ, ˭Ҫûеծ治˼š
λ󸾸ӱһŮҪһЩȻҲЩ粻ֲܿŮҪһЩ
ղžȻû
ô𣿡ʵ, ʲôԵģ
ûʲôy޲ȻЩΪ˲ݾȴһ
Ȼһȴɹ̫һƹ䵽ĵطȫǱһ¶ֺ׵, ۿɼٶȿʼá
ҲΪ̫, õٶûб̫ɹʱ졣
󸾱ŵüһ, ʶ˦y޲ҵĸ첲һ
ôҲû뵽Ӣ˾Ȼôһ˲ͱӡ
⾿ô£
y޲Ѹײڶ֮˻ص˲ᱻƹ䵽棬Լõ֣ϵľʹ, һǻŭ޴й
󸾱Žҽ֮߱ԼϹԼ˵Ķ
֮Ȼûʲô飬ڰȫǻġǰʱһԼӣڱֵյ¶Ĳʵı飬ϳ˿ڣʲôҪ룬Ͻ뿪
ʳ˹
ȷ߹Щ·Ƹеʣ߹ô࣬ǹ϶ҲḯãԲҪ˷ʱ䡣
ȥҽﾪκˣ֮ǰȫûԼṴӢС꾹ȻǹЩϢɱͨͨĶ࣬Щνɱ˷ֻǴܽҰޣȫǹȫΪᰲȲŻҳĽڡ
Ϊ֪ĿֲԹ󸾲ŲóȻж֪СûзԼѾ˲ԣΪ˷ֹŻ˵ֻ
ǷԼǵαװ󸾻ʲôϸ롣
ıǾڲԶʳ˹ٶȣǺпܸϲ
ܹߵλã˭ҲǳصģԹ󸾺ܿ侲Ҫסֻ
ΪߵõĿǰֻйһ֡
Ϊͻıʣy޲ҲûвĲԣû˷ߣҪû뿪ˡ
ķӦٶȱȽϼʱԲû̫ĿֻţҲû˻ע⵽
ˡy޲ڻصղƹ֮Ѿ˺ܶ࣬ں̵ܶʱָ״̬
ڵͷ󸾿ڵΪˣȻֻϽ뿪ԶΣյļһ
˭֪᲻һʱŭԼԵأ
ԼԺһˣһһֱôô죿
У㶼˵ôˣһҪúơֻ㲻ͬ⣬ҲҪ뿪
ʲôЦΣյĵط
ֻҪȥ·ƸǷΧ֮ڣͿԲõˡ
y޲ûüֹͱӵˡ
ֱ׷ȥģֵĹߣſڳ˰컹û׷ȥ
y޲ֱӽķ棬ȻŮԼͻ޳ǡ
ص޳ǣϵ˿ڻѾȫˡ
ȥһ鶫ͷ·ϵЩ·˭ġǳǹy޲ȴǳ侲ⲻܽ飬Ĳ¾Բ⣬һڱƶһС
ɱӵĲݷҫտ϶ûֶΡ
ɱӱĲƷȻ٣ȴҲֱֹʩ϶֣һվŹ\\ҡ
ɱӺ͹\\֮Ĺϵͷǳ.УɱӲǹٷϵ֯޵£ʹսĹɱܵԼ
ǲȫģ\\Ҳ֪йһֱڲͣвͨ˵ȫΪȨƵ࣬ȷɵǵԼ鷳ٶǳ֣ⲢǾ԰ȫġ
ȻҪһԭ򣬾Ϊǲһ֯ǵͳηΧ֮ڡ
֯ʵвǵȫ
Ϊ˱ƽ⣬Լ֮Ĺϵ\\Ҷ߶ȡһԴʩڲ֮ǰƽⱻˡ
ǰûгɱķ³֮ܵˣȫԲһֱûΪҪŹɱɱǡ
ڹɱó˿ɱķֻҪǵİǱмԴֻҪϵõһһٲĿǰΪֹ
ټɱȷкôģİȣǻܹõɱӵİ
ɱӵнʿ͵ȼĿʵǳǿ˲ǱӻǱ뾯ֶǷǳһ
ݷҫѾӦǣ׽һж֮ǹɱӾͻɢԸ뾯ǾӵĶʿҲǲһγһ֯֯
෽֮£\\Ҳͬ˺͹ɱӽк
ΪһʼļƻߣҰһҵļ˵ʣڽĽ׻̸֮ڴ˹ʶ
ûй\\ƶ·൱鷳ôܻеô죬ִߵˡ֮ǰûй\\ںƶһʼ·Ƶľֻļǣûķ죬˰֮󣬾һЩȽƫԶ϶ˡ
ȫʽĸǿ޶ȵȻʹ·һ;ҪΪ˱޹ͨˡ
ûԱᱻ˵һǲóȻ뱻ġ
y޲ЩľӪҲһԼ鱨ԴǱ߲صʵ̫á˺ܳһʱŵһеס
ȻԸϵǸˡ
ǸΪҰһˡ
֪ҰһԭӦýҰ̽ģһλڵסĹ˼̹ԵһǿʿĿľΪɱԼ
y޲ҷǳ֣Ϊʲôʱô꣬ɶԼִţǰҲԼ͹ɱ֮ɳԼĵӡ
Ұһȫûгֵ¡
һΪԳ˹֮޷ٲֻ˵£ڼ̹Եһ֮һֱûеȵų׷ſ
ΪһжѾսʱڣû뵽ʱô꣬Ȼٴγ֣Ǳ֡
ôʱȥˣy޲ɶ޷ͻ
ΪʲôҪһֱԼأ
֮ʲô
ƽʱһֱԼûǵȴһֱֶε׷ɱҪɱԼԼĻڿ϶Ѿˡ
Ϊʲôأ
ΪʲôһҪֹԼ
ֻԼ¶ѣѵԼסĽŲ𣿣
ܣ
֮ûϵΪʲôһҪǶ棿
ԭy޲ڼҲȥĹһαy޲ɳȥ顣
ʵһβȥϮɱӵˣҲȥϮͨˣȥЩ濴ǵ·ƾûи
Ĺֱɵۣ֪Щ·ûиǶѾܾûȥˣȥҲֻڱ˵ļʳϵ˭ֵ·ƣⲻΪ
֪鼧һҵ˱ֵĻᣬ֮ǰ·ϵĵƶˡ
ΪĶ鼧첻ҪţֻϵʱŻͷ¶档
ټϻطЩ.У̫ʺϰװ·ƣǱ߳˱ҪļطɱŹϵʹõϰס
ҲΪ˺ա
ҲΪ鼧Żᷢ֡
ΪϱҪҲ·ơ
ЩȨ߶ʲôɾˣϲȥӵҪҲ٣ΪԼİȫ룬ǲŻôǿӲҪ
鼧ǻŮһȥˣֵ»ĹЩڸ·Ƶĵһ״ˡ
˵ɹЩ·ƵĺϾɹ̫һʼã뿪ЩƵ䷶Χͻָ
鼧Ȳû̫£͵š
αy޲ҽ˻y޲˵Ǹ·ʱŷӦ
Ŷy޲۾ΪʲôڸշµʱΪʲô˵
Ϊʲô˵ȻΪһʼûе¡
鼧ӶˣѾˣҪǸԼɻĻͳ֣ȫɱˡ
ʵ.УֵµȻ˾ͲˣȥԼʵ顣
ҲҪڻġ
һεķŹ˶鼧
ʱy޲ҾͯĥĺˣǼһǰȻףֵµЩһҪ˵ӣϢǳͨ鱨µҲǳʱһѵľء
Ǯ֪ͯĥĶˡھȥҲûʲôãֲٸ
y޲óƬеĹȥֻҪ˵ھסط·ǲǺһģһ͹ˡ
ȻǴûпע·ƳʲôӣǳʱǸطԸĽﶼѾǱĬӡ
Ҫ˵ǰ·Ƴʲôӣǿ϶ǲ֪ģҪǷֱڵ·ƺǰ·ǲһǷֵ
󲿷ֵĹ˵·ƺӡе·Ʋ̫һ
ùy޲ҷǳջˡ
ǰʱһֱţСĲ뱻ҵû뵽ôһʱ䣬ͷ췭ظı仯
һжŶõķչ
ֻǵﾺѣΪʲôһҪɱԼأ
ȥЩѼʱ򣬻ȥѯԸԸⱻɱ
һǳ򵥵⣬ΪʲôǾǲ⣿
ʵûа취ˣy޲ֻ˵뿪Ȼ˼ӹ
ֻ˹֮ǲ΢Աǰ޲ҲԼֵµĹȥͬΪ˲Щӵļһﴳ
ھͲһˣԼҪЩڻȥ
Ϊ˱Լ


157 
ԭѾĹڸҲ, ǹɱȴ˱Ϯ, ǵȥʱ, Ѿȥ¥, ץֻ
Щнٶȿľ, ÿεǵѾʲôʣ, ϮҲӰ
ȻЩԡ
ǰ˵ʱ, ȻѴ󲿷ֵطԵǶһֲԸԵĶԭء
ǵȥʱӭǵȴʬ, ֻѪķǳ档
˶ˡ
ɱӵ˵õĽۣȴ벻ΪʲôЩҪ˸ߡ
ѵҪ
ǰ֪ǵļƲߣ˵ӦԴʩҲǲ, ô֪ģ
ɱӵ˶Դ, Բص˵ԸǴӹɱйܵġ
ôֻпǴǱй¶ġ
Ҫ͹, ʲôϢy޲һô꣬Լǲ⣬ͨԼϢ֪ϢĻ
͸Խˡ
ҪǱ֪Ļƻ벻Чڱ, ʱҪűȽϺ, ֻµĹ˾Ϳˡ
ɱӵĲ²ĳַ˵ûд, ֻy޲ҽЩץߣΪ˵ɴǳΪԼ¡
ЩڻȻʵǿ, ȴΪһڻҽԼļֵӵ¡
ʱ䡣
־Ĺy޲ңҲԼԺ·̫ܲˡ·֮ǰԹЧ˺ֵֻ̫ô;
ֵҲ̫ĿʯɣϺ̫ûʲô
ȴֵűϵ
̫йùһоǼʹоҲɲôģΪʲôԶ˺
־ġ
Ȼֻȴ¡
ô꣬ûÿζúõĻ㲻ãֻܻһ꣬һ֮󣬾ҲữΪһg޷в
y޲ԼԼо˲ԣȴ벻׾ﱻˣڤ˼Ҳ𰸣ֻȽһߵԺпյʱȥ˼
ļƻеķǳ˳Ůڹɱӵ˸ץסǣֻŮһ˼縺йĴʵ̫ƣ
Ȼڹy޲ҿʲô
ǹǲ۵ģóԷϢҲ˯תüҲûϵŮ಻ԣϧԼϰĸѹ֮ʲô˵ڿҿҵļɻ
޳ľǳ֮ķ䣬Щ㹻Ѻʱץࡣ
ͨ˺޲ҵѪҺ90%ĿԻֱӱΪѪҺʵ̫Եһ˸ܲס
ͨĹͲһˡ
ǵȻҲ̺Źy޲ҵѪҺЩ΢ѪҺѪҺĳˢк֮Ѿ÷ǳ΢ˣСҲԳܵס
ҹҹҲ˳ȥѪҺͨĹҪܹ࣬ѡУΪʶȽϸߣԳΪȽǿս
ǰ޲Ҳǽ˱ɹһǲҪЩһǺֵµ˾ڷԼͳΣôˣôܻԼأ
޲֮⣬ĹҲн˱ɹġ޲˵ǰ˱ɹˣùһ𣬱ȺۣеĹжãͲᵣЩɣС壬ı֮ġ
ʵûа취ֻʱ˶Щơ
տյ޳ǣ֮ʼ½½İ˵Ӱӡ
е˹Ѫ֮ܲˣֱӱҲٲѪ֮ǿĻʧȥ˻ʱļ䣬Ϊ޲ҵצʧȥǵԡ
Ů֪ԼϰӣȻЩ˴޳ǣȴԲԼǰһΣŮÿ˹֮⻹ҪЩ˵жһСľܵϰǰɱ֮
ĺ۵ŮҪӹʡ
ʶûС
Ƿˡ
ʧʻͦߵģy޲˺ܳһʱŴյ㹻ˣЩʲô֪ڱɹ֮ҲûʳֻܳԵЩʧ˵˵ʬ塣
ЩʬҲ࣬Щʬ屻ĸɾ֮ڽ߷ŵ˺ǹһҵͬϡ
y޲һֱûйЩˣЩ˵ʱ򣬳ѾĿȫˡ
ԭץ1000ˣľֻв200ˡ
һЩСĹѾԵˣĶʵȽǿģмʵȽϳڵģȥսʮеҹ
Ҫ֪y޲ǽЩץҲܹ£һ͵ȵĹʮµĳ̶ȣ˵ҲҪ꣬⻹츳ѧĲܵĳ̶ȡ
ֻǹy޲ңĲЩҲʮ־ȡ
˵һǳֲ¡
ǿǿ;ǳ࣬ȥԼͬࡣ
ΪԷ޲ҵѪҺֻһ㣬õ˾ͻǿٳɶ࣬ͻﵽһ˿ֲĳ̶ȡ
˹y޲֮йȥǻ᲻Ϊһy޲أ
Ѿ˼ĹʼԽԽ൱֮ߣ뵽y޲ҸȺۣҲǾһֱıˡ
⵹ԩy޲ˣϾy޲Ҷ֪Գͬǿ
Ǿһ𣬴ΪǾ췴ƷԼ
ЩûмԼĹڼԼһ˲仹ΪǿʳǳĬľ͹˹
y޲ҵľٴֱӽΪ׵ļɱӺ
ЩĸͲ֪ΪʲôͷǼôͻȻըˣʶǸŮ˶Ϊ׵Ǹźɫñ˱ϹϾϰʱ֪ߵ塣
廹Լδ˾
£޲ҺǳŮʱ̵ǵ𣿡
Ůֱӹ
ڹy޲ҲûдŮ鷳һĻңЩĿбӣˢˢĹ
һץ㹻ˣ⼸¹ûг֣ʱƽ˾ǱҲûпµɱӵҲΪʱǵ伣ʧ
ڣɱʱѵ
y޲ڼǿԼֵµ˵ɱҲʱмǿѵþÿһÿһԼϾڳԵĿԺ󶼻Ϊһֱϡ
µĶʿǽ̵ôǳ˻д֮ƺûʲô;ˡ
ҰһǴ
һʼݷҫջ֪ǵ˭ϾʵѾ۷ˣû뵽ҰһģȻһǧٹֵ
һǹǶȴΪڵ
֡
ʵǼ̹ԵһȥԼյĺū飬ūʱҲģԸɴʹӦֵµ൱ˡ
ĻͨС֣ūŵϺŵǿ֣ЩŸֵָֹǡÿԺ͹ѪǶϡ
ݷҫһʼľ֮ܿ͸
ֻвսʤǿĶֲŻн͹սǷˣЩȻֺȴ˽ǣֱõ
ҲܺǿĽʿжôǿһ˶Լθڵȥȥˡ
ûʲôǱʵսҪˡ


158 
ʮͻϰֶ, ˭˭Ӯһ۾ܿġ
ҲһʼӮķǳɡ
ЩսĹвϵļȡŶԷĳŵ, ѧϰӦԶԷ
ҲΪ˸õӦѪ
ūͼ̹ԵһǺ, Ȼæ, Ҳ˽̹ԵһĽ, ЩʿͬԴ, ūҲİ
ָҲӦ֡
ܾûг, ūȴ̫ʱ䣬ūūڵңʱūưȻڰæ, Ϊ鳤ܲ˼һֱ棬һ֮ūʹū˸ˡ
ūָţϰ½Ĺɱʿǡǳİˡ
־ȻҲ֮, û˶֮, ܹٴαǿ̵߽ǿܵĴ¡
Լ˵ͺĴʼ˼̹Եһǹϵǳõ, ˻Ϊ˸һֻūںҲѧϰ˺˰ơ
ǰ, ԭ͸֧ȡǿķ, ͨ˵޵, ǰ͸֧ͻ25ǰľȥūûֿգкܳʱӻ
ǻһԭΪƽҲúս, ʱ仹ʹԼֵһս
Լû͸֧ĹǣЩͨȴĹǣȻڳЩΪɱ޲ңѾԼ֮⣬ūȴֻǽƵķ̸ǣҪҪƻҪԼ
ڵõ˷֮ûжԥѡ˿ơ
ʵƵǳ򵥣ǿ**Լ߰ս⣬ɻȱʵЩȱһɡɱӵҪôǸĸ˫ҪôǴСֽûκһпǿʵķʱԵϲ
ɱ޲ҵĿԾִ˼֡
ǲôȫ׼֮£޲ӵ
еĶѾ׼ˣֻҪ޲ҳȻǾͿƶƵļƻնɱڴˣɱӺ޲֮ʱǧĶԹҪս
ιy޲ҹʱЩϵĳ֮ǰǴûͷûԵļϮж֮󣬹y޲ҾҲûʲôˡ
ټϸ·ƵĹϵЩͲȥ棬ʹҲ޷žȥϮࡣ
Ͼкܶûסڳסڴ棬綼ûͨ˵ǰװ·ˣסɽϵģЩǾΪ
ɱ˺ܶ࣬ʱõģֻҪڳѰҹĺۼ޵ֵõ˳ֵãԿճԣӵĶԱнһС
ʹǹ˼ĵطϮ
鲼صʦǻǻյܶ౻Ϯĺӣǽ̵ǱɱȻٽߡ
Щʮһ
ÿһ˵϶͵ݷҫյ棬ԺЩпܻݷҫҲɻÿ˼ס
Ұҽ㿴һݷҫսҰһżݸӦûȤ
ôˣҰһӹż򿪿
ˮ֮ʦ͹żһͷʺ֮󣬺ǹһӵ顣
˵ʶ
̿ɡ
֣Ұһһ㱣ĴԼļ˵ϢȻ̿ʮɡ
̿ʮҲ֮
Եһ˵ԼʶӦѵĺ֮
ǵĶϣż̹Եһ͸ǵĻ׹
̹Եһĸ͸ԼĻ׹ͳȥ֮ݱݱָһϣֻԭĻƲ̫һ˵СװΣһۿȥǿԷֱġ
ΪܵĹҪɱ𣿡ҰһǸúӡ
Żѡ
ΪܵѡɱӵҲûУҴʶܸߣձսܸߡ
ΪɱӵĶʿǣ󲿷ֶΨһҴߣΪ޲ŻƴѵսʱҲ᲻һеƴսǵȷɱȴΪڳ嶯ս֮Ϊض
̿˾ͲһˣΪ˼żˣսʱ򲻻᲻һУҲΪЩƴһЩ
ɱ֮󣬹ɱӻưǵˣں֮ǣᱻ
ʶ𣿡ݷҫʵ
ǰ⺢Сʱ˵Ҫأû뵽һת۹ȥѾôˡҰһżźȫݷҫգҪҵĻҾȥɡ
ô˵Ҳʶˡ
ݷҫȻӦʣڵڶϣҰһͳɽɽ¡
̿ϲԼҰһ˺͵ĲĺɫС䡣
ҪϢѾ֪ˣٽʱͽ̿ɺӸ˻
˲̫ΪʲôλǽлǻǹԹԵĻˣ˷ʢķˡ
ǵĹȥԼȥɽ½ˡ
һƬԴɽϣҰһһɫ൱ۣԶѾǸɫӰ
ζҰһţȴûۼǰĵӻʱ˵ˣжݴʶǳޣ˵ʵǿֳǻۣݴ˺
̿ɹ֮ҲˣУ˷磬ֲ粻ȴǸƵĴˡ
Ҫ̿ɣҲ뿴Щ˳޵еѰ˾ʲô
ɡҰһ߽֮ЦӲݷ˵˲ٹء
Щˣ̿ɺӶѾɽˣڼ㣬һǳˡ
Ұһ̿ɣЦݶ˲٣ΪˣҶþûмˡ
ϣ̿ǲҪ
Ұһȥλڰɽķ棬εȽȥˣҰһ档
վ⣬ҲôɾӺ̿ɻղųȥʲôˣȻ˵ϲ⡣
ǽŲ
Ÿ֨һѾʼСһžͿҰһ
˳ǰĺɫĺͷϿȥͿһ˫ϤĺЦӡ۾һûܿסֱȥ
Ұ磡
ҰһһһסСǱ˻Ϻã̿ɡӣþò
˰ͷҰһǰֻץ·
ΪʲôôòۿﻹҪˮ˵Ҫǵ𣿡
ҰһþòŹ
ʱæ
ҰһֱоɱҩʱǽΧϵЩƶҰоɹŶ
ǶҪɳˣǸƵĻǿ϶ġ˵ʱҲЩ£磡̫ˡ
ллǹͲȫҵŶȽȥɣ̫ˡ


159 
̿ɺڳ﴿Ǹɺϡ
Ұһ뿪֮µǮƿԹһúܳʱ, ټϵҰһ̿ʮ˵һѹڹ, ̿ʮѡ뿪֮ɽϰȥ, ȥ
ҰһʱǸӱ, һ, ֦ҰһǮһССľƹ, ͿԽķӶϡ
һҵûǺ, ٱǰȥɽԺ̿ҪĶ࣬׬ǮҲǰ٣ﺢҲڰ, ڷڵʱһ·
֦֪ڵҰһǵģһмĺ⣬һȴ֮, ϾǮԭǵ, ôʱҲûйͺǸһ
ʱһ, ǵ֦Ǿûʲôʱȥ˼ˣҲûȥǵ鷳̿ʮȻز, ʵԲôСԱȵϵ, ЩС챾Ҫ㱣ʲô, ȴһһı̿ʮɸ˻ȥ
ȻþǵԽԽõʱ򣬹ˡ
Ұһ̿ʮ, 춯֮ܿͷӦ˹ӹ޶ֻֻ̫ʱûнʳ±˳ȥҲɲҪ֮ĳһץߡ
Ͼһ˿̫۸ˡ
ĳ˾ֻһŮˣһز紵͵ûʲôвԣղԼȥ϶Ϊ֮ͻȻǼСӣ㲻ɱǣץһСӻȥҲǺܺõģٿʱӡ
޲Ҵǲ׼ܣҲ⹥ͨˡǾǷǳĶҪԶһʼǻûгȥʳǴԼľһʱ䣬ȻʱԽǵļоԽǿңʱΪʧȥǣԭ˵ɽϻһ˼ңȥʱȴѾȥ¥գѾûסˡ
Ҳ˵Ҫ˵Ļֻȥ棬ǸȻȴҲ·ϵĵƣ޲Ҵֻ˵Ǹ·ƻ˺ȴû˵顣
ԼĻָʮǿȥһԡ
֪ǲɺϣѡһҾȻ̿ʮɵļңڿôСӵʱ۾ˣ޲ھʹá
ʱһ˿ǣҪĳһӣֱӽ߲ȥκˡ
ֻû뵽ӾȻ΢ֱӼڵ̿ʮɺͿ֦ͬסһݵҲ˹ֻһ
ΪӱȽƫԶҹģ·ϰװ·ƲûиȫֻҲΪ档
Ȼû뵽Լ̫ã1ѡĿ꾹ȻѸġ
ֱӱ˳ȥȴǲġ
ǱһҪԵ㶫ܻȥģȷȥҳҲǲУǲ̫ġ
̿ʮҲȥʳ
·û֪ô£̿ʮҲ֪ڿֻʶȥ֮Ͳʲô
ʲôںµĶ
ڣûпƣֽ֦ĵƴȻ˳ȥ̿ʮڱʱֱ˴Ĺ˽
ȻĹֻ֮ʶıܿ˴Ͷǲֹ⡣
ĹԴ֮⣬ֻнϵ·ơ
ѵ˵ں·
̿ʮɵһѷǳͨĸӣǰģûɱ
һʼ̿ʮϵٰ֮ӵֻ̫ô·ƣΪ·ƷĹ⡣
̿ʮɾû֣˳ȥֻĲӣȻһŽͷߵһ߲̿ʮһֻץŹͷӳ˴ú·䷶Χ֮ڣȻȻ˹°壬ԶԶһͷӸľн300ףȫû취ڶʱ֮ڱȻ
Ĳҽϵˡ
ûֽܳܣѾ·ɹɷĩɢ
ϵ˱гѣ鿴ʱѾû˹ʬ塣
ֻȽϴɢٶҪͷܶ࣬˷ǻû֤ʲôʱѾʧ޶֤
ȷѾûΣ֮ŰӺͺǽ˽
ǺӶŵˣڻЩδ
Ҫȴ֪ҿ԰ᵽʱľӪȻ׬һǮҲȷ֮У᲻ҲһΣա
ɱ˹̿ʮɰοӺͺӣȥ˯ȵ2죬̿ʮȴȵ̿ɡ
ֻ˵ҪΪɱӵһԱ˺
̿ʮɺͿ֦ĵһӦǲͬ⡣
̿ɾһͨĺӣ̿ʮɽ̸Ļֶ֮ûڻͨһԱ֮ûУôܻԼĺȥôΣյĵطֹ̿ɱǿֻڵ̿ʮɻԳȥͣٴ꣬ʮʱٳȥǸʱͲˡ
̿ʮԼӵ¡
˵ֻǾ޶ûԼӻܻøӼѣһֹԼ˭أ
˿ڡ
̿ʮɽ֮ȫ̿ɣ̿ѧϰʱҲһߺһѧϰӶѧ̿ʮҲ֮Ľӡ
Ȼ˵ԼҲ̿һȥɱӡ
֦һʼͬ⣬̿ʮɵȰ˵ԼǿҪ˿ڣȥˡ
֪ɱӾĿĵѰҹɱӵټȴǵ;бϮԵɺϱ·ĸ¾ƼȥԼʦǱѧϰ²ҵ·Ȼʼѧϰ
̿ɺǲ֪ԼѧϰĻ֮ʵ֮ڸ֮Ȼѧϰˮ֮Ѿȥ˽ʱ䣬Ѹ٣ֻҪԿʯͷͿȥμӹɱӵѡˡ
ǲ̫ϣȥμѡεģΪ֮ǰȥμѡεĵлŻģȨԼӵľֻѧϰŬ
Ұ磬Ҫȥְֺĺ㣬֮ǰ߶ء
ȴ뿪֮ҾͻȥǣõģʲôҪҰǴ𣿡
Ұһι˺ܶСϲԵĶΪиδĲҶͲߡ
ˣֻҪܻȥͺܸˡ̿ҡҡͷֻҪͨѡοԣҾͿԳΪɱӵһԱˡ
ڵĹɱӷǳΣգڹɱӺпܻںڵĻҲüҿȥڲӣҲԶ
ҪΪʿϾֳҪңΪ̫ΣվͲȥǲͳɵС𣿡
̿ɺһЦ벻õǣзִġ
ֻǰ֪˵˶ٱ飬һζûҰһ˵Ҳûõġ
ѾôȰ˵ûã˵Ķ˷ᡣ
ȻˣôͲֹˣѡεʱһҪСġ
Ұһ̿Լǲ֮ǰŸոճǹӵ
ӵٻġ
ɱһ


160 
ҰһѾȥҵ·, ǰ˼, ̿Ǽڵĵַ, ڵ2ȥѰ̿ʮɡ
̿ʮڵѾܲ, , 鶼Ҫ֦, ÿһҲ֦ĲƷ, ʵҲ㲻Ͽԣ
ȥʱ뽫ԴҴ̿ʮɣǹ˵ⶫ֮ˣ̿ʮɺҰһմ״һֻ۱һֻ, ̿ʮɺҰһûжô̵Ĺϵټ飬ôϧĲƷĿ, Ҳ಻ôһˡ
̿ʮһûʲô, ҲµܳͷԸĻڵȴԼӺͺ, ԸĻȫֱתͶ̥
ѾԸԸˣ᲻صĹ
͵ʲôϡ⣬Ƿǻᣬӳ10Ķ˭Ҫأ
ô˳һ, Ȼ͸ͨ, ͷ뷨, ЩǳϡĲƷ˹ȥ
ȻڵѾѾãҶת˵ЩȻϧûʲôôĲƷˡ
Ҳ˵ȫû, ֻǿûôЧ
ʱ֦һ۾ͿˣҪͼǰʱûб仯һ۾ϵó˵һϽҰһ˽ȥ
ˣⶼ೤ʱû棬Ҷǲˡ
ʱ̫æˣһֱûпչҰһ˵ʱûͦģҸմ̿Ǳ߹
̿ɺڹô֦ǳԼһ˫Ů̿ɺӷֱǼĳӺͳŮֵ˷ǳļصǰûа취Ǻõڼȴѡȥ
СΪʲôҪȥðأ
ܺãһֱŬѵ֮ͿԲμӿ˳ΪһɱӶԱˡ
Ұһô˵֦ʮֵġһǷĲǣʲôʱأûж˵أ
ȿϾʱˡҰһԹɱӵĿƶҲš
Ҫȥμӿ˵˻ĳһ켯ǰϮɽϮɽΧٻٻİɽɽǹѺŴץʵСĹ
ǿĹɱӶʿɱˣֻҪܹĲһ¾ͲΣա
̿ɺӵʵӹɣζ˵̳̿Ϊĵ֮һȫο֮лȻ̿΢һЩҪԼֳúܶ࣬˲ⶼͨοԣΪһɱӳԱ
ֻΣǴʽΪʿһ쿪ʼģǵֵ֮Ǿͻ̤նɱó̡ʱȻܶȱǰ˺ܶ࣬Ҳеģé®ߵģвͻʧȥ
ɱӺ͹֮Ĺϵ߶಻Է֪Էڴʲộһֹĺƽ
Ƕ֪֮ƽͻᱻƣ˫ӭһյĽ
̿ʱɱʵǷǳǵģʵڣé®ⳡս۵ʿ֪൱֮ߣҰһȰ̿ɺ˶ѡ˼ǰô˵֮ᶨԼġ
ϣΪĺƽ׳Լ
ǰǲ֪ڱϮ֮ǾˣԭôһȺΪĺƽŬţ׳Լ
ǷǳˣҪΪˡ
˵ȰǶȥҲ뷨Ұһֻѡڿս֮΢һ㡣
֪޲Ǹ쵰㵽ȥˣû취ȷˡ
ڵĹʵǿӦûʲôġҰһοӴˣڣһζֹǷǼᶨԼģʱճ
֦û취дҰһˣ滹ˣ뿪̫ʱ䣬ʹҰһȥ¥ϵ̿ʮɡ
̿ʮŴû˯ţڿҰһʱǳȣҪҰһ˻ȥͳĲƷһߣȸ鿴һڵɡ
ˣԼʲôҲ֪Ӧû˶೤ʱ䣬Щʡʡɡ̿ʮ֪Ķ϶ʲôͨĲƷֵǳɹۡĶ˶õĲӾͲҪ˷ˣȥõˡ
ֻǿһڵѣҪ̫ˣôʱӦûж񻯵̫ءҰһͦǿӲģ̿ʮֲֻԼһȫ顣
Ұһļ鱨ࡣ
ٶ˥ȥʣµʱҲʣˡ
ʵ˿ʱиоģھ͸оҿҪˣԲ˷ЩҩôҲȫûҪˡ̿ʮһֱúܿһ侲̿ʮȴ̹ȻԼ֮Ҫ顣
Щ̿ɺӣôΣȴﲻǣп֦һֱۣ֮һЩ
Ҫôۡ
̿ѾɳΪһɫӺΪһ˽ͥμ縺ϣҲҲǳǰɶ£ҲôģĺǻСп֦չҲģֻǿ֦ͱȽˡ̿ʮƺǲ˵ôص⣬ܿתΪҰһ顣
һҲѾʮ˰ɡ̿ʮʵûϲŮأôʱѾͿ֦ˣ̿ɶˡ
ҰһĻ£Ҳ֪ʲôŮӲ㡣
ǲõģѾҵиһˡҰһû뵽ԼʱȻظ˵Ѿжˡֻ
ָоЩ棬Ѿܾû˻ˡ
ѾϲŮ𣿡
Ұһҡҡͷǣеġ
еܱϲһǷǳ԰ɣлҲͦġ˵⻰ʱΪ̿ʮɻǳУ̿ʮɾȻô׵ĽԼİǸ˵顣
ʱɲʲôᱻ׽ܵ£̸֮ɫ䣬ÿ̬۹⿴Щˡ
ԼǲôֻܹףĻǿ϶ٺòˡ
ûǸǳˡ
ҪеԷ𣿡̿ʮʣ֦֪Ϣ϶Ҳܸ˵ġ
ǰ֦żĻ£ǿָ֦ͷ룬ʶЩŮһ䲻Ұһ˳ȻˡֻϣҸԼϲġ
Ҫûʱ䣬ʱĻ϶ԷģʱϣǲҪǴŲźá
ôأǸ˻
Ұһ̿ʮɼסϿ֦ҰһǶѲƷʱ򣬾ȵ˵һôһأڵӷǳɡ
ӣ
ҰһҲһ£ʱûдʲôӣ֦ӵʱ򣬱ȿ֦Ҫȡ
ҡ
ߵʱƷŽ


161 
˵ŲΥ򵫻͵͵İҽ
˵жǲܵġ
ʵʲôҲĻ, Ҳ, ϾⱾԼ顣ȫûбҪطĹΪԼĹء
ֱ˷ϵĸоĺܺá
ҵİ֮ǰҴ, ڿ˳Ե, Ȼõ˷ˡ
ҿٵĹ, ôܻḯ, ٶʱ֮ò˵, ô˵ֻΪǼץʱԵ
֦Ҳôġ
ˮõķǳ죬Բעͻõû취ԣȻЩʱر˷Ǯ, ڲ˷Ѻͳ֮䣬ѡӳԵӺɷ򲹲塣
ȭͷСһһ˳˶ᱥ, пָ֮ʣ١
Ұһֻǳһ֮, Ͱȫ˿֦̿ʮɡ
Ǳ˾Ʒ֣Ů͵Ĺ񶼺ϲ, οЩͨˣЩ̺޸ĳ⣬˲Ծĳ˸ࡣ
һתۣһ̵Ӿʲôʣˡ
Ѿõ̿ʮ, һֱڽҪһ, ԿܺõȻһ롣
Ǹ, ҳԵ̫ˡ̿ʮڻع֮ԵЩ˼ٻƲסԼôණǰѺóԵӺͺӣҲ֪ô, رӣһʱƲסԼȻعʱѾһˡ
ӳ˶кôһûϵġ
ֲǲ£ԼĸѵôʳԹԵİӸ˸סҰһôһѣ̿ʮŷԼ岻֪ΪͻȻ˺ܶ࣬ǰԵóأҲûôˣҲ᷸
ҪǣԼʱͻԤʧˡ
ֳ̾ЧȻǷƷ֦̿ʮ̾Ӿжô
ʵǾݻ̫أЩ֮
һǲʱͽǮɡ֦̿ʮЩ־ϲҪǮǮúûġ
Ҳֿ֦̿ʮôʱ䵫һ˥ȥ֦ȴûʲô취һֱõҩҲûãȫá
ѾԼɷ򲻾׼û뵽ҰһȻǴһݴ
Ƕ֪ôźá
ûе£ֻȥ԰ժһŻѡ
ԼȥĻֵµæܸȶұڻӹأֻⶫɱĶûԭӵЧˣȻҲʹƿɲ԰Ӵȥ
̿ʮɿɲӿõҰһȻǲԸ̸ӣ̿ʮɾת˻⡣
ȹ̿ȥúñҰһˣҰһӸʶʼһֱͣڰǣӽǮҩ湦Чӣǳܹóġ
ǰֻҰһǸͨˣǸϲĴҹӡ
ֱ죬ŷӦҰһݿԶԶֹԼ֪Щ
̿ʮ˸ʶʱҰһȫͬںѪĶԼȫûм
᲻ʲôأ
̿ʮɷ׷ݵΪҰһʲôһϵûУʶֻ˶ݣ׷׷ǻᡣ
ֻǾ̿ʮҲ֪ôˡ
2һҰһ뿪̿ʮɼ˸˵Ľֱӻ˵ȥǵϰ࣬ȵϵʱŻص
ǸǲŽġҰһʵ
˰ƻǰ洦ĹͷҲûֱ̧ӷ˵Υ涨ġ
ǳ֮û֪Լȥ̿ʮɡ
ǳ֮⻹˭
λԸȻʵ˰ɡһȵ壬ɫӴϴҰһ̽ͷſڹƵļ棬ôһԹ֮ƴˣɲһССԸأ
дֵֽͣҰһԼһֻֻ°͸ͷϣҪʲôԸˣֵ̫Ļҿûа취Ը
⻰ǳˡ
ʲôʱпգһȥҿ֦ǳԷòáڹƣ첲Ĳӣ˾Ըɣʵǿİ˾ʲôġ
һôʱ䣬ƵĳЩΪɻȻĶ
֪˵ʲôʲô£Ҳ֪϶ԼȥҰһ˵ֻ̲ס˷ܡ
ȻϵĹɱı飬΢ͷ۾ҰһõģҾʵԸˡ
ҰһЦǾͲҪЩĵĶˣȤ顣
Ұһ룬Ȼͬ⡣
ѵô᲻ͬأ
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ȻӦʱȥǣǽ켸˶鲻ȺòʱˣҰһҪ顣
ɱӵóʹóʹҪʹõҲѾ䱸ˣΪԷһġ
ܿ͵һѡεӣ̿ɺľ̤ȥϮɽ·
һβμӿ˵˲վʮˣһر׶ģŵĲǵһɫİƴĶźɫĹ⡣
ʲôҲʶʲôһ̿ɣôʶ
̿ҲʶǸɷ̿һʱҲȥʡ
Ǹɷǲʵֵĵܵܲ֡
ʹõǵҰһ͸ǹ䱸ӵֱڻкܶ࣬Ծʹá
Լʦ֪ҰһڹɱϣԼ
μӿˣǱһҪΪɱӶʿľġ
ܳΪɱӶʿĻͲܰԼֳҲҰ硣
֪Լʵûʲô֣ǽִһͨ飡
ǹ͵͵һҰһ֡
վԶ̿ɶһϤ֣Ҳ˵ͷ̿ɹߵֵǰãҲʶҰ𣿡
̧ۣʶ¶׺ݵı飬ʲô£
Ǹղ˵Ұ֣˵šִϻ֮̿ɷ˺ˣ˵׺ݣ˵ǿиɱȽϺá
Ҳʶһ磿
̿ƺʱԼˡ
ԼڽҰ磬˾Ȼֱӽһˣ


162 
ûãҰһʹӮbݷҫտе֪ͨ˵
Ƚ̿ɺ֮,һ˵ӳ
˵ֺͲʵֽһ֮,Ӧֵ֮ġ
ǿǿ˭ȻԼӡǸɸݵĺӶ
ҲѡΪɱӶʿ
ʵֵĵܵ,ڤĵӣֻ޷ѧϰbݷҫҲӡ󣬵ڤ˵
ʹúĻ,ʲôս
ǹbݷһ£֪ǹ䱸ӵЩͬС,ڳΪڤͽ֮ǰһֱս,ȻڳΪڤĵ֮󣬱ڤŷ⺢ûа취ú
ûа취úĽʿû취նɱڤεȰ˵ַ·ȴһУȫûнĻȥ
ʵûа취ְֻԼ·ߡ
ʹǹеҲǲ,ֻսУһûԱ֮Ǳڤһֱڶֵʣн񶷼ɣպս֮вҪΪź
ǰǹӦԼġ
Ұһ°ֻͣǹЩԿ
ЩǹеΪ˸ͨʹõġЩͨվһţһǹ֮ɵɱ,ԲӵкĽʿ˺͡һ˵Ļɵ˺ͱȽˣɲԹԵվ׼ͨ׼֮ǰѾǵߡ
ǻֵͦġ
䱸ػɡҰһ˵.ǹ..ʲôĺˡ
ǹĻ̫ܲɱġ
.ǹԣ..˰ɣ̫˺ɧҡbݷҫղ˲ͷĺˮҰһ˵Ļˡ
ʵЩΪΪ
Ұһ뷨Ǹbݷҫ˸ѣֻͨǹͳǹпܲټɱǿڵĻ
bݷҫҲҰһ˹˼뷨ĿԡԽԽÿ൱֮ߣִ˸潻ҡ
Ҳ뷨û˵ͬˣȻһڷ˲ֿ档
ʱӦ㹻һսĹƻǳֲɱһνһֻӦûһЩ
ֿһļӰӵ㡣
Ǳ̿ɺ̤µọ́ΪһٵĹɱӶʿ
ھսʱȽΣ֮⣬ڹǰûôƵҲرΣա
ĺڻὫӦǿȵĹȼĶʿԷг˲СԸͷʹҲвӵĶʿ˵1εС
ֻҪ˵1֮ͻùܶࡣ
ҰһѾڹɱˣڹɱѾһ죬ֻʲôͻ**ʱŻͻ**ֻ޲ҳ֣ʮ£ֻ̿ǳ⡣
ҰһڵĺúõģȴͻȻ˻ȥ
ĲǮbݷҫնǺλݡ
һǹֵ顣
ҰһλݸĲ龹Ȼе棬ҲȼȤ˸Ϣʱͻص˹ɱӣδ֡
⼸û֣ӡиɸݵСȴ˼һ͵ĴܸˣҪ߲٣ڶҪͷ
ֹԹԵںλǰַϥϣϵıȻ׶񣬶ȴĵغˣȻЩߡ
ʱλûгȥ񣬷Ǻ̳ȥˣѾ˼׼ٹһʱӦþͿˣʱرڷܣ΢Ϣһ¾ͻ뿪ݳȥ
ϺáһţںλݴӦ֮˽֣þòˡ
һ硣ָղΪҰһվҰһվǰʱȴ֪˵ʲôˡ
ʱúòãȴ˵˰֮˵һϺá
ҰһûסЦǺû뵽Ҳ֪ˡôڹɱӴŻϰ𣿴ӦöʲôһҪǵøһλݣҪԼš
ֵ˵ͷֲͲԴǵӣ֮Ҳ֪ôͣλȴ˽֡
һ°ɣ⺢е㺦ߡ
ô£һʵʲô𣿡
ֻкλݺˣӦϳʲô⣬ûּ飬Բ֪ʲô⣬ֻѯʺ֪ʲôĺλݡ
Ӧֲ֪ɡ˵ϵóҰһʵҿ̫徿ô£ûа취ʹúϾ˶츳ġ
λݶ˶٣һ߬ȭͷ֣̾һڤ˵ӳʹǹеսԳԵȻӵһֹԡĻָһˣʹñԵֻһѪȻս
ڤҲû취ˣʵĳô᲻ʲôӰ죬ԲŰкλݸ徿ʲôǺλҲ֪Ϸʲôھ֮ûֲܷԵĵط
ҲΪʲôҰһԭ
ãҰһĻһ֪ʲô
ϾҰһеӡܵģоԽҩһġ
ҰҽĻӦû֪ô¡
λô˵ҰһһΪֻ֪ʵʵ̫ˡ
ڹɱӵ1000ʱ棬һĶʿǿԳ¹սⲻڲ֮ص
Ե̫ǵҲ𽥹ܵɹ̫ĻҲ᳹ɢʬ嶼޷¡
Щ֪Լ֮ȴ޷˵ѡս
ΪʿȥնɱЩȥΪԼѱ
֪пܻúʱҲڡѾͨ˿ִˡ
ֺЩ˵һޡͬǺ͹ޡͬ޷ʹú̵ִͬ
ûа취ʹú֪Լ֮ϲ
ĲԼ᲻Լ˿ɱΪԼⱲʲôˣǹҲ֪ԼЩսĶʿȫһ
ΪɱӶʿʱͬϵ£Ҳȫͬ
ܹ׼ӵЩʵǳһ㣬еѪûС
ʵͶ·Ż̽ԵĽһָȥ
û뵽ȻϲĸԼʦʦȴһв׵ĵطΪܵ𺦣ŻҺλݡ
һһЩŵĺλݣʵ֪ʵģ嵹ûʲôΣҲ̫ġǵûа취ʹúԲŻӵʡҪ˵˼ֻչʱҪעⲻҪԵ̫࣬Ե̫̫࣬ͬءһɹ̫Ǳϲӣͻһʬ嶼¡


163 
Ұһ²ûǿԥû,ֱ˵һûйϵ
Ͼ˵,ܹսѾǳ֪ˡӵкԺԹʱҲмʻ,ԼֻǺվͬһ߶ѡܹڵѾǳ֪ˡ
ûʲô𣿡λЩģǿǹһ֣
ûʲôģõġֻҪԼƵסͲ᳹ױɹʺ˲̫һ,ֻ˿޲ҵѪҺ֮ŻɹʳǿԳԱĹѪ⣬ʱɹҲõ,ʱԵģθ֮֯ͻָ̬
ĳ̶ֳ˵ʳߵʷǳbug,ֻҪܹԵ㹻ǿĹôʳ߾ͿԳΪʵǿˣڹɱӵҪǿ
ֻҪһʱĶѡ
ַǳѺãϾսʽԶΪ˱֤ȫ̫,һ֮ͻ˵ΣգҪѡַʽսҪְȫľ룬ѡ͹
ûϵҿѵһֱѵҿʹҵֻҪҿֵ,ġȭͷ˵
λ̾һ
òϿʵֵֺȻǷǳġֵֻԸҪֳ᲻٣ֻẦߣŮӵʱ쵽̧ͷ
ɱ֮һζûмʵ֣ڶԼܵһô֡ÿαڤҵʵ֣ҪȥԼܵܵʱȥ
ķǳԼĸԼѾˣΪǽѡѾǸ׵ĻϺȵĺӣϧʵָͲ룬ҲҼһֱڶߡ
ȻεЩԡ
Ϊֵ壬ԺλڽҰһʱ򣬻˳Ѳʵָ˹
ʱ˵ķǳأ˼˵ٲĻܾܵҪˣһ涼
һͺλݽ״ʱ򣬲ʵ־ôڵĴ˻
ĽŲԶõݵĵذľʵģذǿյģ·Ųǻ˵ĽŲ
ʵָ˲ҲƲ˽Ųһ·ɱ
ֱӴܹǸŲԶ˵ĽСĺ
Сûסʵܵſڣվ⣬С˹ס˲ʵ֡
ҰһЩΣֱ߹ȥţʵָ˽
ȻȥɣûʲôˡһС˵ղˡ
ˡŮӸǣǰĵĿˡ
Ȼ˾ͽſʲô74
ʵһ۾ͿڷˣһҲλݿ˵ϾҪ˵ӡϾԼǱƭˣҪת뿪λݸϽһסϡ
˻ʲôѽ㲻Ǻܾûмܵھ㾹Ȼҹȥ
㾹Ȼƭң
ֻĻԶѣȥܵܣһֱҼѵǵС𣿡λݺͲʵֵĹϵãԲŻô˵ʵֱλ˵Ϻһһ󣬰˵
λݵȫȲȫִת뿪ȴûô
һſڽֲ£Ұһֽʵִſֻ־ǯƵģĹֱۣʵָûзֱӱһ˽
һǹôôллشЩ⣿ٰѲʵ֮Ұһɿ֣ԭλá
ҵ󡣡һգգ۾ǿӲİסļ򣬰ֵǰֵλúõһģҪٱĥˣֲǲԷΪʲôҪһֱܶأ
ڿֳʱ򣬱ͽŵĿҪȥˡڿֳͰͲסҪܡ
֮ǰһֱҪԼֳļʱȴˣڼʵ׺ݵıʱ
̫ˣվԼֳǰǲҪﰭۺˣ
ôһ˲ӱܵ˼վߣû뵽ǰĲʵͻȻץסĸ첲ԼǰԼǰ
ǵС𣿺˵Ķԣǽһ˵ȽϺá
֪ɱӣҪɱӵʱֱˡͿƲס嵽ǰҪɱӡȴסˣΪָ֪û츳ҲѧѧᣬǸͨ˵ġ
ûа취ɱԾԲͨˡΪ˷ֹڿԵʱС﷭ˣʵֻԼʶĶʿο˵ʱ**ʵִһʼĿľ뿪ɱӣȻʵʵһͨˣȢӣȻҸ
һսɱǱɱˣ
ֻҪһͨ˾Ϳԡ
Ϊʲô־ôأ
ǰǸôĺӣڰ͵֮ܵôͱôˣ
ʵָûа취ûΨһĵܻܵɱӣΪɱ޲ңԼĵܹܵһûйĺƽ硣
ȴҪӲͷƤ壬ȫԼôܲˡ
ҪԼƢ˲٣ȻһҪֱһ٣ӹɱӳȥ
֮ǰҶԸ˵Ļʵ̫ˣҪǸǸʵһϰϣͷһֱŵ棬Ҳ²Ż˵˵ĻҲûйָ˼
˭㰡ˣõ˵𣿣ʵֱץץͷѾȥͲҪ˵ˣҲҪǸ
ǵʵ̫ˣʱû˵ֳֻǲǾͲ뿪أ
ʲôϵԼԸ뿪ġ
ʵֲ˵ЩûӪĻһʼûйֹ
ԼеֻʣһˣϣԼܵܳµǸˡ
Żôɷߡ
ǲ뿪ģҲҪΪʲôҲ뱣磡ǰųˣּ˵Ϊʲô㲻أ
ⲻ⣬ãʲôأ
ȻѾ˿Ժ͹Կ
ƾǰǹǰǹʲôã׼ʱͱˣ
ڿԳԹԹ֮ҾͿֻѪҲԱȻǿֺѾбԼˣһô˵ģֻҪԼƺþȫû⣬ԺԳΪһǿˣǰҲûʳ߳ΪģȻǿҲԡ
Թ
֮󣬲ʵֵķӦˡ
Ϊʲô߰Ķûк೤ʱˣ
ַӦʱ䣬ֱӳ⣬һ˽
ǲѾ֪ˣΪʲôԹûʲô˺᲻ᡭأ
ҰһʵָһȻûʲôϵֻҪԼƺþȫû⡣
ʵɫ粻
ʵǳҰһȻҰһ˵ûǾͿ϶⡣޷̹ȻԼڵ֡ϣôΣյһ·
Ťͷһ֣ûסȥҪһѵ
ʵָûа취Լڵʱ䣬ԼĵܾܵʲôȻȥԹ
һΪԼûʵͶ·˲Ż᳢Եȥԡ
ʱ䵽׾ʲôѽ
ʹѹжԼԹһжԼϣԹԼûа취ֳ𱣻ɡûгеΪһΡ
Ҫӣ
ҰһͺλݸϽ˸סλݰֵ󣬶һŲʵֵĸ첲Ҫ֡
λݣȰִȥ
λֳȥˣȻûʱȥߡۿΪʵֵѵЩ죬ȻίĲСλʵû취СӡֻðԱߵο
ΪҰһͲʵ̸ܾãֻž˼һʹӸڻˡ
ôôͽˣ
ǼһͲ˵Ծ΢˵ֶ
ֶʱסˡ
ֻǰ˶ѣ˿϶ûµģֵ֮û취֡ûҸʱúõ̸һ£ҪΪӰֵ֮ĹϵôΣգ֮ദʱҲǺܶ࣬һĳ˵ʲô⣬֮ǰڳܲǸ𣿡
ΪѾ˵Եʣһʵ÷ǳ˷ǳɻȴܻ䡣

ԥ˺ܾãʶǹջѡ뿪
ɱ˹ΪǿˣǲǾͲأ
ֻҪܹ֤ԼĻ


164 
뿪ֻ֮ص˱ڤǱߣбڤСڤһһֱǳɫ,۾Ȼ,ȴλһʵΪ˹ɱӵǿߡҲ˵ɱӲ,Թʱûãûа취ϹĲӡ
ڤЩֵ壬кλݺҰһ¸һЩӵҩbݷҫ,׼һʱרѵ
ʵǲԼӡ
һɱӶʿĲ࣬ĿǰЩҹá
ֻҪǱ߲ٳʲô״ȫû⡣
Ұһʱһֱûյֺ̿ɵϢȻûյϢǾǼûʲô,ʱõġ
֪̿ڹɱӻ˼ͬ,ദĺܺãһݵ׷ӣӲûָо
һ񣬴²Ŀ
쵽ĹʳԼ֮⣬ʣµǮȫĻ˼档
ǵĹڼ濪ƹݵĸĸҪ,ܺõĸ˼֪ЩǮģһֱҶ÷ǸԼĺǴ
ʱҰһдŸԼĽҰһԿ⼸ӶǷǳ˵Լ飬ҲǳڴԼĻţҰһڹ֮໹ʱǻţֻһֱ鲻ʱȥǡ
֪y޲ڸʲôڵԶЩĶһ֪
ʱһֱйȥ,ɱӵĶʿɱʱڲȥѯʹڹy޲ҵ飬ҹy޲ڹ嵱ֲ˲˵ԼԼκӣһ˵ͻԱ
֮ƾûˡ
Ǿǲ˵Ҳǵ֮ǰһһȫ֪ʲôֻҪ鿴¼ͳƵм¼Ϳԡ
Щȷʲô֪Ұһܴǵ˿ҵһЩԼ֪Ķ
ֻҪܽһ¾ͿԲˡ
˵yy޲ڴģͼһΪǿĹ˭ֻ֪жôǿֻ֪͹y޲һ𣬸û֪ݣ֪ʲô
Щ鱨ȻԼһ˿ԵģԼڵַ㣬ҰһҲɱֵ˻ܵôĴ
ҰһҲ֪òðЩ鱨һ𽻸bݷҫգϾһͨˡⲻܵЩġ
ڵҲνǳ׽y޲ȫ꣬ҲûбҪˡ
Ϊδ룬ҰһǾһϽɱӡ
ݷҫڵõϵʱǳŷ˺ü飬ȫϵʵԡ
֪Ұһʱһֱ棬ȴ֪ʲôʱ⼸¾Ȼóô꾡ϣõʮµ
һʼΪռ䴫ǹy޲ҵģû뵽ȻµĹġ
һôǣǲõĴŴͻȻܵ
ҪҰһڵҪõϷǳ㣬ǲ֪y޲ڵλãҲԴЩƽܽ
Щ𣿡ݷҫЩţĻ֮Ͼ
ŲǰɣҶˡŹy޲ǻûз֣ץʱľսȥԹɱӻǳҰһܹṩôѾ御ˣҲæɱy޲ҡ
˵ףԼҪɱy޲ңһʼԭΪºΪָԭ͹y޲ҳ-ϣһʼԭҲǡ
Ҫ˽һеġ
ҰһԤУܿһоͻ
ݷҫճ˼һû̫ʱ;˽ж
˵Ķԣûа취ԥֻȨܽһСݷҫֻ̯ʼֽдţȻŽԼѽѻż֪ͨеĶʿǶܲϡ
˹ɱӵĶʿ֮⣬ݷҫջҵļһŹȥ
ǿԿʼжˡ
ҰһŹy޲ڵľסء
Ҫڹy޲ҷӦ֮ǰǰΧȻһͨըͿԽɱȻҪĻҪǸӵпռ䴫Ĺ
Ȼǽy޲Χy޲ҲᱻߣǸʱǰˡ
ǱŵжѸٶҸйģټĬǵľһֿƿֲٶȼᡣ
Ȼһйy޲ȫ֪
ڹy޲һھҪҪɱ֮ļһʵԱȵңǰôģð̹⣬ƺʱҪȥ
ҪԼսֲ̫֡
y޲ҵع۲֮󣬻ǾɱϾȷһ᲻ͻȻˮԼôһ
ԼѪҺŨȷǳߣֻҪһͷͿȥ
ǣy޲ҽֻɱˡ
Ķɴ䣬Ͽʱ˸ڽɱˣʱѪ罦һأϧڳ˶ԴûʲôӦ
Ҫֻĵ˵ϡ
Ϊǵӡбǿ;ֻнܹy޲ҵѪҺֻȥˡǴûȥͬ࣬ȻԱǿұȳ˻ҪĶࡣ
**ԳˣΪѾԼΪ˵ݡԼΪϣ˵಻ǵͬ壬ǣͬʳʵԳܡ
һĿĹѾȫˡȻҲҪЩһĿ˼ӶһЩе˼
Ǹʱһоס
ʮǹ˹y޲֮ǿģǲҪԼĵλҪάϵֱӴ˹صĶǲҪΪãֻϧ֮ǰy޲һֱûǶ֣ΪľҪ۲죬ƺǹ۲ڽˣжǵв֮󣬹y޲ڶԽȥ
˹y޲֮⣬Ҳһ
ֻy޲Ҳԣοǡʮ£y޲ҿ϶ǲõģҪԵͨȫڹy޲Ҳ֪½
Ҫһ֪˭˵Ļǵ³һٽֻ֮󣬹y޲Ҳһ䣬Ż뿪
Ѿ֮ǰһôϾˣԼʮ£ĹѾ޳ǰ˳ȥy޲þ͸ýˡ
ָͷ㣬ݷҫǼһӦÿˣò˶೤ʱ͸ޣ˶೤ʱ䣬Ϳǰһˣõ顣
һ뵽ټϽһδвy޲ǰͦ˵ġ
y޲ǾģЩԼĹԲᱳԼֻ΢ЩϧôõһӾôԼŪˣ˷֮ǰɱЩˡ
룬ڽһܱԺͻȻڱͱԼһҪõĶȻˡ
ʱ仹ܳ㹻ʱ׳Լ
Լ֮ǰĴСǳԼ档


165 
y޲ûзֲͬĵطǰһʹԼαװݻص,Ҹһ֡
ֻҪûбɱӵ˷,ͲΣա
ʱ򣬼澹Ȼûпơ
˵Ǽ,ʵֻһĸŮסĵطǰôˣһĸŮڼԼȥԷ濴ȥܿЦĳ
ĸŮ֮ǰҵĿ,ȻǰЩôǮʤûô鷳Ҫ·Ҳûǰô鷳
֮ǰһ,֮ǰǸŮˣĪϢ,Ȼ֪ԼݣܵˡȻŮˣЩա
ѡĿͻһרЩѾûʲôȴһСǮŮˣŮֻҪһᣬǾɶ˻һ,ԼͶͱÿƵһ͡
ôʱദУy޲Ҳ֪Ůʵûʲô¡һЩԾĵطҲûôֱеʱעⲻС¶һţûз֣ΪʲôŮôʱԭ
ڶŮ˵Σy޲Ҳûж˼,ΪŮѾ˯ˣϾʱ춼ѾˣŮ˲ǶԼƤӦ˯ˡ
óԿ״ţ谵һƬֻſصһССĵš
y޲ҾĸŮѾ˯ˣûŪرȥ¥ϣڶ¥ſš
Ҳû˹ţ֪ĸŮѾ˯ˡ
ȻѾ˯ˣԼûбҪˣʱһֱ˯Ϣԭ򴿴Ϊһڳ֤
ȵڶԼڼʱϻҲǿԵġ
ȻڴʱſھȻѵһˡͺһ˵ʱš
y޲ǹ谵Ĺ߶˵ʲôǣ˵ҹһΪˣŻԿ˾˭е𾪡
ΪߵУȷһ˶ûС
ŵ˵ȷôϵ
ĵطվ˲ˡܿĻͻᷢЩ˸ͬǴŵƷȴһġ
ŵĵǹɱӵƷ·
ҰˣʲôʱԶ֣վҰһߵǸʵڶ𣿡
ҪǱߴϢſԶ֡
ҪȰŮŪߣſԶԹy޲ҳ֣Ȼǰܵġ
һҲ֮ǰ޳ǡ
ȷǹǲĹһ޸ƼҲѾȥ˵Ĺꡣ
޳ʮ
ѾˣС˻š
ɱӵĶʿҲ֪ҰһԮѾˡ
Щ˴Ұһ֮಻סҪΪľ仹䣬Щ˱Ӧòָжġ
ͲסЩ˶͹y޲ôһĶԹ
ǰг޵ĹȥģⲢҰһĿӣǰȥĹɱӶʿȫ˳
ɱӵ˵ȷǲ̫ͲסҰһԮ
һǲ֡
޳Ĺ֪淢ʲôǰһšϲֵĶ鼧ĵĺԼ޳ͣסһֱڸԼֳԹڵġ
ڻִϰˣܲȤӣǹy޲ǿӲҪţԱʱ֮裬Ͳ
˷ˡ
ŵзǳص޳ǾȻӭô಻֮͡ǲ֪ģֻΪ˵Ůٵظܵʲô
ˣԿԸо޳Ĳԡ
İˣȥ鿴ʱ򣬾Ȼûзİˡ
ͺˡ
ŮԼѪžԵƿԼûзֲԣ˸ֲʲô
ǶԼʵǳģһ˴˽ǿ϶ǻֵᷢġ
ǸŮɴסԭƻһһȥ˾͸ĹȡеĹȫɱˡ
ǵжȲݷҫҪĶ࣬ڲݷҫǻ׼ʱ߾Ѿжˡ
ǰǻ˼һЩǶѾˣڳ˶ʲôô򷢵Ľɫһ򲻹ôʮʮأ
˵Լڰз͵Ϯ֮¾ԻǸۡ
y޲ֻǧı̬һ˿϶Ǵ򲻹ģֵµЩҹҲǳѶԸ
ǰûƴҲ򲻹ʮǶʮĶʿ֣϶ܸһ̽ѵ
Щ˱ɢһȥŮֵļһʣµǷɢȥ޳ǵ
ǰȥҪܵƣκò׳һˣһǹĴţôܲסλץԼĳˡڰǵٴЩǣǷǳڴЩ޶Ĺֵ֮¡
ʵеˬġ
ŮеĲԽԽǿҡ
ԼΣķ뿪Ĳ벽ĲЩͷȴûа˸ߣŮԼߡ
ȻԼû˷Žǿ϶ûΣգΪʲôôż
ܹоȷˡŮе˵ͬĻһὫ˸л
Ҫѹy޲ҽлĲ
ȻŮô˵ǾͿ϶Ѿˡ
Ůһ޳ǵĸ鿴һ飬ȷûбԼӵĵطŶŮ˵ȷûˣ㾿ںʲô
ŮǸоˡ
Ҫˣץʱһ¡˵Ǳ߹Ѿȼˡ
ݷҫڸһ䣬вֶ˹
͵Щ䲻һͨ˽л϶кۼġһιy޲ҷǵĺۼ
ֱӻ޳ǵģڵĹɱӾڸʲôַŮˡ
޲Ҳûע⵽ʱ⸽Ѿɢˣֻ͹ɱӵˡ
ߵſҪΪֽŲŻͻȻţû뵽ַŰ֮Ȼ׵ؾˡ
޲ü
ѵǱϵ
Ǹղûио硣
⴫ĽŲСûΪ˲٣ԻǱ޲ˡ
ң
Ųͣ⣬޲һʮд̴˴ţҲо˺ʲôеѪζƮ
ˡ
޲ҶԼĴ֣Ű˺뿴ɱЩ˾ı顣
޲û뵽źľȻԼԤĹɱӣŮ


166 
ЩڳΪ˵֮󣬲ûڶ,һֱǲһֱԼ
ʱһζҲû,һʼЩҲ׼ָУϰ֮Ͳ,ԺͶǴϡ
ŮѪǳѲ֮ǰڰԼ,Ϊ꣬еֱսڵģ㿪˿Լӵֵ,ȻʹѪǵľ롣
޳ǶĿ֮£һıλþͽ޳ɵвöױ任
ǵĿ궼ʧˡ
һֱȥʲôͷ޳ǵĲһθı,ԭվһ˱ɢɢ޳Ǹ
ƵڱɢȥĻܻᵥ
ֻϧǴҵļƻɹ
ǲʲô׼û͹ˣȫ׼
ûеԣûͨѶ,ǵȴУΪڵĹɱڴʱ׳Լ
ɢĹɱӳԱѸٵһ𣬼š
ΪȷǵλãһֱڲͣظıλãΨһ뵽ĿԾǹɱӵʲôŻԼΡ
ǾסƵĿռƶģҪתƼοռ䣬ǾͻᱻռѹƬ
ǵĲ²һ,ʣµһͲˡ
ĻɲԱȵģȻһֱͣתģЩͷۣЧָӲûǱɢ
ЩСб¹ûб¶𣿡¼˵ĵڣ͵Ϯʲô£бԴѽ
ֻӹ˵ЩںЦˣԸսҲϲսǱ͵Ϯ
ֻЩ˵ġ
ΧǵĹɱӵɱˣôȥֱñǰǿˣҲѲ
ȻǾͱ۾ǿй١
Ȼռһת
ŮѪˣҪѪô֣y޲Ҳôʱ䶼ûץǰŮûбɹʱûô֣ǺͻȻôѰټ
뿪ǵߣȻ꣬Ȼ֪õѡ
Ǽ֪м
Ůһֱӵʱ䣬ĵطֵ˳˸ŹԣܹϷԼеǱ߾Ĺ
ҵԽԽ죬ĿռҲΪٵתЩ֧ԮǶЩӦ
¾ֻԼӡ
֮䣬վȻ󲿷ֵĶԱȫһ
˵Ӿͱֵնϡ
ʱ򶼲֪ʲô
ŮѾˣôѪͲȥ޳ǿʼҵĻζǵͷϵľ顣ߵľʵذźʲôѹƵŤһɢ޳ǸĹǶĶעȴûа취.ǰǱ߲鿴ҲԼĶ֣ڲȥǱ߷ʲô
ΨһȷǣŮѾˡ
ΪЩ˲ŹѲ
Ҫy޲ҡһ뵽y޲һΪû¶ǽйͷƤ飬ôʧ˽ǽлĻᡣ
ʲô˶زصĲҳ𣿡Ĳ˷Ĺ
ԭǽʿԺޱϤƾЩϤնɱĶʿ
鼧ǶܸоǹɱӵĶԱûеֲˡ
ôȥѾɳ̶ϴκǽнֵʱǻûε˵ǵõʲô˵İ
ֻһѡ
ǾǸֻˡ
ܹɱӰæ˾ֻôһ
Ǹֻ
Ȼ֮ǰԼԤУy޲Ҳ˵ûۼһֱôţȷ
ΪֻǸ˲ֶΡ
Եһ֪ģǻ𣿡Ĳ˵ˣöزأĴ㡣
ڳ˲ûԵһԵһûڹy޲Ǳߡ
Ҫ߼̹𣿡
˻
ͷۣǼ̹ԵһֳҲԼĶѣɹ
˵һ°ɡ
y޲ǱߵѾյŮϢһֱҪˡ
Ů屻͵⣬Ȼ󱻹y޲дУһߡ
y޲ҶԼµȥûʲôоŮʬһߡ
ץʱ䶯ְɣҪ˻ᡣ
ָľǻûйЩɱǶʿǣЩŵˡ
ǹԲ£Щ˻ţǵʵȻѾǳǿˣǶЩʵ·磬˶һûʲôʤ㡣
ЩӻôᣬԺдѵ·ҪߣԵĻûǲҪ˷
ҲɷѿģҪԼĺǰ̺·
޳֮ûƵģսͻӷ
ɵһ£Щ˾ͼӿеĶҪ̵ʱڽЩ
ǿ䣬һֱơ
ֻʱ÷ΧԹţϱ˿һֱڲͣ˺ظϣѭǵĻָҲͨǿܶ࣬һʱ佩ֲ¡
ڵȴ֮ǰôż
ֵŮѾˣy޲ҾǲϳҲ뿪
Ůûбʮ棬ʵҲȲʮ£ֻǳãŻᱻy޲ţսǳֻҪͿԽ
Ů޳Ǳ㿪ʼ޳ǵЩ˸տսص㣬Ƿܡ
ϵϹy޲ңȻͲĻץʱ䱣Ҫ˭֪Щ˾Ǻηħ֡ǶôǿˣȻһֱѹŴ.
ɸͲ뿪Ļᡣ
һʼȥնɱŮЩֳַ˼ֱȥˣԭֿ˾Ѿæˣ˵ּˡ
ǿԳסĸ˾еܲˣ˾ֻܡ
Ǿýֺͷ벻Щ˾ǴģҲûʱЩû취ͨ⣬ֻܳɫûϽ뿪
ȰСס˵
ǿûʲôһҪ٣y޲Ҷװ˭أ
ȻڵǾҲܲЩΧһȦÿһֵǻ
ǿǰЩˡ
ݷҫеĶʿǰĿе޳ǡ
Ҽ֮˴žڸš
ֻҪͷֱʹûը
ӸոյߣҰһǱ߾ʹϢ
Ůˣ޳ûʣ滹ֻԿˡ
Ϣݷҫϲʤ
ǵľȻԶȴʲô
ǿԿǱмֻںͿĿţԭֱӷŴеĲݷҫգЩԥ
˵Щô죿
ЩѾˡɵЩ΢ȺԼĺʱ仯ѽ
඼õȻҲܿǺͲøطڵֻҪǣ뿪С


167 
ҹ֮ɽϴľĴǾʧ,Ϊǵ,Ͻ˳
Ǵ֮ȴֺʲô¶ûУԶɷǳ,һһµض𶯡
ǷǳֻţΪʲôսֻæ,սսĲڽ䡣
ӵĺը֮ԭ޳ڵĵطѾΪƽء
ЩͷѾЩڵ˺,ûиоЩڵԼָоȫһ
ڵʱǾٶȸϽ뿪ըΧ֮ڡ
뿪ʱ򻹰Щȫԭء
һжڰռƻС
ŮǵٶٿҲû취ӿ,ֻЩôǺɱ
Ԥϵû
ҹĻָֻǳǹǹֵûа취ʲôЧ˺ֻǰǴ򴩣ò˶೤ʱͿԻָȻ
ǰˡ
ѡ˸,ͿԽЩĻָΪǿҲܽǷӦʱ䡣
ΪӴƣͨ˵Ľ;ǸղŷһС͵
֪֪֪˲֪
ȫʧ֮󣬮bݷҫµĹɱӶʿǰȥ鿴
Ѿƻֻһزкսĺۼ,ֻ˼鿴̫ģƵĶ
ǽĿ˹ȥŵֵ˺ɫ׼ǰ⡣
Щ䶯ҪһڸܵɱӶʿߵϢʱ͵ͣ١
Щǿҹôǿĺɱ֮¾Ȼûгȥһ˿
ǹȻûŵŵϵ޺޵ô׵ķŹ̫ˣ
Щ϶Ҫܾĥ֮˲źá
ǺףַɱЩȷķ
Ϊǰ͹Կķʽǿ϶ûжʤģҿ϶˲ء
ֱӽɱǴȥֱѡֱɱ
ֻҲ뵽ͬȥҹô׵ȥǾȻЩ
ʿǺ͹ɱӶʿһڱĵطѰЩʣĲ֣Ȼȫһ
Ϊ˷ֹм仹òӷָ˿ʵǱҪЩҪȥоġǮbݷҫһھͻؾҪֶкҽоĻпܻ벻ľ޴ֻ
ֶǲҪϱȽϺ
Ҳˡ
ô̶̵Ĳ20ӵʱ棬ЩѾʼϣֽźͷɱӵϣٸһ䲻⣬ԣЩµĲֵʱǾͻὫ³ĵطȫϡ
Щ𡣡bݷǰЩ̾һ̫ɱˡ
bݷҫԼĺóҩˮȫװ棬óΪ˷ֹ
ЩҪȫɡ
ǲģ˱飬ͻĲ仰ʵҲǵ̡
ôɾʹﵽĿģɱӵĶʿǾȻܵһ˿飬ǱΪһ춯صսû뵽Ȼô׾ͽ
ԡ
޲ҲֻǼֻҹѣֻҪ޲һûһоͲǻһӲҪһ뵽޲ңǰЩҹòҪһһֻϣЩҩעЩ棬ļЩӺںɫ޵ĺɫѸٵʧȥ
ȥ˵ĺĲ֪ˣ޳͵Ϯǵˣ˭
Ϻã⼸Ļ𣿡Ϊͼ̹ʤйˣ1к20ˢˢĵ⼸ǰƵѾǰλȴһߡ֮Ѹٽ֮ĻնϣȻǵ
̹ʤɵɴ۾ǰЩˡ
ЩнһԼʶмǺԼͬԼɱˣмԼĺ󱲣Լ֡
ԼıӦˡ
ұ𣿡ʤΪԼܾ֣ȴǳƽûз˸Լû뵽һ쾹Ȼô졣
ʵҲûкܿ죬Ѿ˽500ˡ룬ҪȥԵһǱ޲Ǳߣֵôʱûм棬һǳ˴˰ɡ
ʤô˼˵Լ̹Եһĵ£һ뵽֮ҪټǾݡ
ǵɣĵ
ӭߵ硣ݱˣ֮Ҫȥ޲Ǳߣɲһˣвǻᱻܵġ
ԵһǷǳأǸɰĺӡݱ˵ϣ֮Ҳһɰ
ʤܾǰŮڳԼ
ҪȥȥĻʹȥȥĻȥ
̹ʤԥһ£ǵ˵ͷ
ǲϳԼڵԵһģԼ˹ţͣϰ꣬ȥԵһڵţ֪Ѿʲôӡ
޲ǱҲѾʽս
ߵ鱨һֱͬͨǱ߷ʲôߺ֪֪ܿ޳ǵǼֻѾʱ
ֻʣԼһˡҰһӿϵֳΣڳֻԼ¶ͨ˵С
ǳʱûͨǿǵģҰһòֳκ޲̸ЩԲŻΪͷվ˳޳ǵЩʮ¶Ѿˣǹ¼ҹˣҪˣҲûʲôãעᱻɱ
ǣ
Ȼ㿴кܶŶɱǼɱء
޲ҳĬһ£㵹ǺôֱʣЩ𣿲ҵѣٶһҲʯ֮⣬û˻˺
̹Եһγ˵
һʡ
ҰһȴЦЦ˳ȥ߼̹Եһĸ첲ϣڵһЩ⣬Ǿû׼𣿡
޲ľһֱڲͣļţҪϽ뿪Ȼп
ŸŲһ˲䣬˾ͽڸȫסˡ
̹ԵһӰǰ˺Լ䵱еǸûʲôͬͦΣͷϵĻ·ޣ·ûʲô仯
ǶѾˣҪǽѡҰһɿ˷ڼ̹Եһϵֻ֣Եһֻʧ
֣Щǻûйʱץʱһаɡ


168 
y޲ֻ濴Ұһͼ̹ԵһӰǰҰһԸ,϶ֻˡ
пĵطɱӶʿڵ,֪ΪʲôҲղŷʲô,֪ԲֹۣԼвͻȥ
y޲ûйԥѡܣЩ˾ȥ,Ϊ֪Լ϶򲻹ôˡﵢʱ䣬ôĺпһͷ
ٱ֮ڳֶĲ,Ǳȹy޲һҪΪǵȴ˳ɰǧĸᡣ
ڹy޲ҳΪ1000ʱ,˺ͨˣЩ˾ǵѺˣЩزʶ
ûйy޲ҵĻǸͲֻʹĥѡ
ΪԼѱ𣬻ΪЩ޹ͨ,Ƕɽy޲նڵ¡
ǿǱɣȻôΧһy޲ҵ˼£Ȼ˲ǰ֮˵ĹȻкüȫͬˣʹõĺҲͬ
̫ˡ
û뵽һ쾹ȻԴʣұΪʾΪƵġҰһվΧûж֣Ĵֻ壬ֵܶĻǽ˹ɱӵĶʿǡ
y޲֮һ,һ䵽ǵ£ɱ޲Һ͵֮ȥĥߵȫͬġ
ȻҲôز
ֻǼͨ޲һûзϣɱε˼̹Եһ֮ĶնɱʷҲ֯Χȴһζûгɹ
ⱾͿ˵ܶ⣬Ҫ⼸סģͲסﻹҰһͼ̹Եһˣֻ˾㹻һ
õûг֣ΪЩ˵Ϣ沢ûзּ̹ԵһϢҲ˵̹ԵһҰһһվ棬Χⳡս
˵Ǹ߸Ҳã˵ʦؽҲûг־ǶԹy޲õĻᡣŮѾˣȻûа취ԼߣҲǿǵһŻȰŮȻҲô޼ɵͳˡ
y޲ҵʵӹɣô꣬ɱ˳ǧǹΧĶʮ˾ȻԵЩĹy޲ҸĽڽڰˡ
ԵһȥҰһ˵ЩӦÿҪˡץʱɣץʱѹy޲ҽ֮Ϳڵʤˡ
ղԵһһֱûгֵԭ򣬾ΪҰһ֣ҪᣬǺҹy޲նɱڴˣǾֻü̹Եһˡ
Ұһ˵仰ʱûбŹy޲ңԹy޲Ұһü̹ԵһɱǾ仰仰֮󣬹y޲ҾǴ˼Ѫһ㣬͵رһ˺ǰˣſȥ
컹ûкڣֻҪҵ뿪ͻлᡣ
µʱ򣬹y޲ҵҲɱһ˿ϣǰӳȥˣûҲǱŵ˶㱻ץסҲӳȥ
µʱҲûֱĸо
ΪǰҰһ͹Ƶ¶ܹӳȥĹϵ
̹Եһһ׷˳ȥҰһȴͳһƴ֮󷭵µһҳóһֱ֧ʣдһ֣y޲һڽȥ
úɫīˮдȥ֣ǸŻ֮ͱɽɫӡϡy޲Ҳ֪ԭ˷˱仯еɫ·ʾ˵°š
Ϊܣy޲Ҫʼʩ
Ա
ֻҪӳȥһ֣Ϳӳ죬Ȼͷһж㿪̹Եһ׷ɱºҰһ׷ˡ
y޲ҧҧ
ڹy޲벻õİ취ֻýһ֮
Ȼy޲ҳһкڳķչп׷ǰ澹ȻҲ·Щ˴źɫƷű˺ɫֵٶȴԶ֧ԮĲֻЩʿǣĻֳǹеͨˡ
Թy޲ҵʱûзֻܱ֮һȫ룬û֧Ԯ
y޲Ұһá
ôԼԱǧҲᱻЩ˸ȫİɡ
ܲס̫࣬⼸ϵĽҲϵıǿ500ǰ1800Ҳӳ죬ڴſԷ
ѵֻܶһ
ǹy޲ңٶǰĺλݺˣ
ں˾һҲԼ120ֵСġ
Ƕ֪϶Ĵսɰڴһ٣ɱӵжǻ϶ˣʧܣôɱӶչĸͻᱻ𣬲ݷҫյĶӼ縺˹ɱӵְ
ԸҪ
ܹɹõġǸеŬ˵İôʱ׼ʹǰûʹù
һжźõķչ
ڸղûкķһһͽ˹y޲֮⣬Ϊֵʮ¸ȫ
һԵģ
ٶ֮󣬺޲֮ľڷٵļ٣y޲ڷԼܿҪΧʱҲûʱԥֱӵźλݵ棬˶գۼĳ
ҪԱˣҰһİ֮£̹ԵһѾֳΡڹy޲ҵĺ棬ʱѡλݻж˭Ѿ˷ӦŹy޲ҵĲӵλûӳһ
һֱӻ˹y޲ҵĲӣy޲ҵһͻȻҲͻȻƵһˡ
ںλݵǰһƬɫǲ֪ʲôĻƻһĻǳΨɺλ֪ǰըǹy޲ң͵ĺһͬʱӳԼĵ
ͬӦģиĲʵ֣Լ̹Եһǡ
ڲʵǵy޲ұը֮ɢӵ쾹Ȼĵи˸ϸָĩ
̹Եһûиǽ͵ʱ䣬ǹЩǲը.ӵȻܵġ
ֻõĻһy޲ڵ״̬пӳ죬ʹûᱬըը.Ļy޲ҾͲܵˡ
ͨ˰ɣ
Ѿǰɢˣ֮ûˡ̹Եһɿؽһ£˵ʱ䣬Ҳڲϵ׷Źy޲ɢ顣
һĻ켫ˡ
Ҫ˸˵⻰λݲһţǰ˵Ļ
λݻѡԼֱ
ˣ
ӹһ㶣ȴҲǳ˹ȥڳֻ˼̹ԵһǣЩֹy޲ҡ
ֱը.Ϳˣĸס򡣡
ǲʵը.ֱֱҲ⣬Ǻλǲ֪Ϊ֪ҪԼǡ
㣡

Ǳһ£Ļ..ڸסеվڷϹ۲սֵҰһͻȻڵһϽסߵļӣը.ĺըѡ
Ҫֻһķˣ֮ɲ̫ý
Ȼ..ٶȻҪǰӽЩ..˵Ӱ죬ٻʵһЩĹֱӻᱻЩʴy޲ҪûԱĻƲŨȵٻڵķѣÿһ嶼ӴЩٻ
ûнشϳȥʱӶĻ..ڸһͷּĹѾԽˣҲûа취
ֻչɱھвһСʱʱ䣬ǰһСʱֱһ룬ΪܡһСʱҲʲô¡
ǸôʵղǸֱӱը.ը˰ɣ
ɢȥҪһʱ䣬ʱǿ淢ʲôġ
˿ļ̹Եһվԭأڵϴ͸ɽը֪岻ˣֶ͸壬Ҳǻеϰ
Ĵǿֲ
һչҲ̫ˡֲԽԽࡣ
y޲Աʱѿ3000飬ټϺնáһЩȽϸѾ˻ҳɢһͨը֮󣬹y޲ҵ徹ȻֻʣԴһСš
һʼԱĻǵĺըôɫЧ
y޲ҵۿɼٶš˹ͷ渲ǵƤ³ģ̹Եһûиָʱ䡣ֱӽȳĲָϣȻͷ˳
ҰһƮƮĴӰһ䣬һ֪ķϯſеĻҳԶ¶˱..ںըĽ
ɱӵɢȥ֮ŷ֮ǰڵȻûжһ˿һ˺
ѽ
֮ǰ޳ǵʱֱӽ޳ը˷棬ûе
ǸǲҰҽ۾Ǹվߵˣһ
ֱӺ˳ҰһŤͷȥļ̹Եһļ򣬴ߵǰ
ϵĹy޲һ˵ŻҰһʵ롣öϣֻ˼ŷӡķֽͷϡ
ǵļƻѾɹˡҰһŹy޲ҵͷy޲ҵͷ̧ŵǰھ
ڳ˺ü
ǹy޲
ھȻԼǰһ״̬һпܾҰһԼ֪ġ
Ǽˡ
ҵĵӣ̹ԵһҰһһ£ȻÿԼλã˿һָſһ¡
ȻɱڻŵĶԱһϤģֻڼ¼ϵ֡
ǹɱεʹõĺͬʱҲһΨһͬĿܾǶǹɱӵĳԱҶʮµ
ǶѾˡ
̹ԵһҲѾȥ500꣬ǺĴʼˣҲǴ˵е֮500ǰ㽫y޲ҳ
ֻϧǸʱy޲̫ˣڲһ㱻ɱ֮һֱ㵽
û뵽500֮Ȼһ
պ
㲻Ѿ500𣿣ǲţѵ˵500Ƕûһֱ𣿡
ǵģѾ˿500ˡ̹ԵһҡҡͷεĽҴŲ

һֱڵš
ʾЩңԶȴİ
Ͷȥ֪ȥ磬Ƿ˷еĻЩ᲻ᶼȥأеĻǻ᲻ܵӦеĳͷһǷǳ˷ܡ
һ£ͻȻ˺λݵĻղûд˯˼һ⣬̹ԵһĻ̲סˣղһ˵ĵӣ㲻Ѿ˺ü𣿡
̹Եһ˵ͷģʦҴӼͳȻ̸һ£Ǳȸ׸ҪĴڡ
Ұһһ
Ļһͻ500𣿣ҲղűǺ˵ĵ㣬ҰǳᰡһҲ
ʦֻġҰһ£̹Եһʵ֪Ҳ࣬Ұһûϸǰ飬˱Ͼദ˺ܳʱ䣬һЩżӱ˿ôһ㣬ʱ䳤Ҳƶϳһࡣ
ҰһʵڵͲһˡ
1000浥óܳӡڵ1000꣬Ȼֻᣬ3000꽫4000Ĺڵ涼ֻһĿȾ֮£̹ԵһȻҲûо1000жô
ڵʱĹ÷ǳ죬̹Եһûиоʱš500ʱôȥˡҰһϵЦǵ֮ЩӲļ̹Եһļͣ£ڲҵʱɣѵy޲ǲҪ𣿡
˵ⲻһʱy޲ҵֿʼϳһֿϣȻһѵ֮յ޲ֻֻܱʣһͷ״̬
ҰһͲֽŻõʱ£οֻʣһԴ
ڵҪµȷǹy޲ңҰһȻҲǷϡ
ֻǰ滹йy޲ңҪȰѹy޲ҽ֮ȥҰһ
ĵĿģЩû취˿Ҳ岻ϻһ˳ʣɲҰһǵҲֳ
ҰһЩǸղѾǣָָһƬͷųԼ
İ֮£Щԭǿǰ
ǰûмڶߵʱףԷѡ
ٵĲݷҫտŶôһ£ǡ
ֿ˱ҰһĵĹy޲ҵԴԭ˵Ļʽ˶棬ǹy޲𣿡
ǵģģ⽻ǴáôУ϶Ҫġ
ιΪ˽y޲ҵ
Ұһǳ϶һεжһɹy޲Ҳһᱻһû˲ǵжy޲ҲһΪν߶͹֮ľڽy޲ҲõӦеĳͷ
ҹɱӲûһˡ
ҵġ
ݷҫڴ֮ǰѾ˹ɱȫû׼㲻ȫûǿ϶Ҳ˴롣
һбһʼԤҪõֱ̫࣬һ
ȻڵЩݷҫյԤˡоԼ˺ܶ飬ûйϵ㹻ʱ
ڵĲݷҫƶƵġƮƮҲ㣬еԽܡ
ҪɱӺ͹y޲֮ǧִ
սԼϣ
ڵҪôɱy޲ҡҲǳ侲ٶȱȲݷҫҪһЩҹζ࣬ץɡ
ٻֵûʲôãֻ̫ܳɱ
ھճнһСʱʱ䡣
һСʱ⣬ûǾͿٻĹͻͽ
Ұݷҫ뵽ʲôںԼͽ˵Ұһǲǿٻ̫ԵĻ뽫̫ٻɱ޲Ұɡ


169 
ݷҫնҰһ˵֮Ұһһ¡
һʹܺѾ˿Ҫһǧ,һǧû˿Լʹȫ,ڽг̫
ԵǿԣǵֻôʮĻһɱ
йϵѵԶ𣿡ҰһΪǸɱû뵽ݷҫվȻ֡
ȻҺԶ,ҵʵĲӶϣֻ鷳ˡ
أɫ»ŵЩɱӵĶʿ,Ҫɱ𣿡
y޲һȴܹЩˣŵװ,ʼ۾˭ɱ
˵Ӧ÷ǹy޲ȴķԼû,ֻʣһԴ峤˳Ҳᱻƻһϣ˵ȣ̫һϡ
ڳЩ˶ɱûƻҰһĻ,ǸͶԼ
׾ҰһƻڵĻԼ䵽̶ֳȣЩͨ˸ɱԼ
ԼֻȥѣΪʲôҪЩ˸أ
y޲ҵڶûͨҲû˻͵Ļᣬǰ͹ȴ,ʮֿɶ񡣹y޲֭Ǻͬġ
ȥԿԼӵĶѡ
y޲һԼԼû֮ǰһҪһһ̵ʱҳȫ壬Ȼܡ
֪Ұһٻ̫Ҳڳ֮ٻ̫Ȼǰһֻܳʮ롣
άֺüҲǿܵġ
ƻطֹy޲ھȻղԼס죬ǳֵĻζţҪ뿪͵ذܿͲ˲Ծĵط
ʦҪܡy޲һڵ˹y޲ҵļƻӦҪǲעʱֱӻָܰɡ
ǿһۣͳһᣬѺͯĥⲻǿңȴԶԹɳԵ˺ǰͯĥڹy޲ӦҲһ
ƻѹy޲ҵԴŽȥȻãǣ֮Ҫġȳȫû⡣
y޲ұӽ˾棬һͱ۵ɹð̡
⻹ȼմգҲǱƵں졣һϸϸܣļ
Լ϶˵ġ
ȴܵ˵ĥԼΪԼܡ
ҪոջǵŵֿЩ̫ʱĴϵƤһֱڽűս䣬Ȼֳµĵ̷
ǻôy޲ңҪ˵ʵ֣ǲйy޲ǲܵģǺ޹y޲Һ޵Ҫ޲ʧϣѿ
˵ڵȫûа취ùy޲ҳʧءĿ˹y޲ҵĲӣy޲Ҳһҹy޲ôƻһʧֵʱǿɾͲˡ
ǶܾˣҰһֻýΡ
ȻˣҾȴ֮ˡڣʵҲЩʷԵʱ̼ԼڿɱԼһǧˡš
һǧĻҲڿˡôܲ˷أ
ǵܵĻ⵹νǿԽȥͲܵˡ
Ұһ˵⻰ڳ֮ʱһ
ôܸľôɵùy޲һĽôܻŹأ
Ұһľֽȥ˲ˣЩﶼֵڵ˾档
y޲ھҪҸطԼҪɹ⣬տյʲôûУֻԼϵһֲ̫ûеطء
ͷ۵ʱͻȻѿһӡǿ˲ʮźɫѵˡ
Ұһûнô̯˵ϣûֵ汨˾ôΧھԱߣ⿴ž淢顣̯¶мĻ档
ԭֻһͷĻֽͻأĳʮˣy޲ҸսʱֻһԴŹȥ˶೤ʱֽźѾȫ˳֪ĻָٶȾж죿
ǽȥ֮ԵľѾֽźĹy޲ˡ
ָĹy޲ҲֳôɣΪһֱڱͷϵЩ̫ⸯʴ**Ƥס¶Ƥķۺɫͼ
debuffĹy޲ҲýĶʿǾÿ־壬Щ
һǧĻ䵽زʵꡣǷڸԭϣɽӡ
˵ʲôѾˣЩΪԸ£ǶԹȥЩ˵ĲΡ
˾ͿղŽȥЩ˶Թy޲ҽһ˵ı
y޲ұҰһʱѾһϢ
֮û̫ĥϱ˵ı𣬹y޲ҿʼѸٵĻָҰһûиӦĻᣬֳ.ʣڿл
ڶʵʱԵظܵһɼɬʲôֹһҰһеĶһ̶ûֻͣԽԽüѣüͷϱ
ô
ҰһûлشΪֻʣһˣҰһûзģþȫһʹϡ
ǰǸС建𣬽ҹ
ϴν̫һѾǧ꣬ѾǲԼٻ̫ʲôˡȴԼٻ̫ԼǰٻǸ֮˵ԼǰٻǸֻlv50ٻlv90
Ѿȫͬˡ
̫䵽y޲ϵһ̡y޲ֱӱ̫ȼһȳζϴƻŵǿͷȻֱӱ˻ҳſָȥ
y޲ҵȻʧˣһõİ͸Ӱȴƻߡ
ǹy޲ҵ꣬ȥ֮͵õ˽ţЩĻ£ʻᱳѵڰǵóϿĳͷ
֮ŷȫԼûпЩ˾ʲô֮ܿˡ
Щ濴˺Լһ˺ܳʱǼʮ¡
Թܴһʮ´ؿŹy޲ңƺǵϴȻҲһˡ
̫ϹţѾ޷˺
Ұһ˸Ͳͨˣ̫еĳy޲Ҿһôֲ˰
y޲ڿЩ飬ڲ֪ΪʲôͻȻָ壬ûֻҪץסʱ䣬ԼͿӳ죬Ѿˣֻʣôأ
Ȼ꣬ȫԶȡ˵壬ٴ½ϡ
ŵʱҰһܽڹy޲Ѿˣ籾ģɹֱֱ֮ײӲȻܡ
Ұһ֮⣬ﻹ䣬ЩôĿŹy޲뿪̧뿪һɲǣڳ䶼֡
y޲ֱӱ˵ֵкһ顣Ȼϱʵʵ˩ʮµĺ档
ùy޲ҸоЩ߳ܡ
ǰľǺĲͺĲ˵ǺĲֻԼĵܵƻ
ƻҲһֱڿҪڻڹУ϶Ҫȥˡ
ȻѾˣǾʵһ㣬ҪٷˡҪĻȥܵݵĳͷ϶ôڳ
϶ǲóģһпܻѵеĿּ飬ͼܿ϶ڣ˳ӵĿ
y޲Ҷá
ȥɵĻȥ˵ɣżһݱ˹ٷֿҲԡҰһƻ۰Ͱ͵ĿźĲЩĲ̣ȥˡ
ԼУ˵ƻǽͷĹһ˦β͹ȥˡ
Ĳɫֱ˺ܶࡣ
ȷڵƻƻĳԼǰԼͷǳˬˡ
Ϊ˴ԵһԼԭѡΪʱĵһ˲ǸףҲĸףȻԼ޵ĵܵܡ
Լǽ״̬
ֳˣƻƨƨߵ˹ȥܿƻ˦ŵβ͡
ĲŤͷһ
ְֺ趼ڵأǶǳ㣬ȥ˵һ˾һˡ
ŵʱĸ׻һҪʤݱݱԼ;һУ֪Ҫ걸ӵȥҪܳʱ䡣
ô˵ҲǵԱȥҰһǹƴ˵ĻǻԼΧС
ĸôҲȥˣ
仰֮Ҳ͵ķӦԼĸɱĿ϶ȥ
ôʱȥĸûѡͶ̥ڵû뵽ġ
ĸڵдʮڣʮڽ֮ĸѡڵΪ䣬ʱҰȥء
ʤɫˡ
ˣⲻԸ˺˿϶ԼĸףôһֱûԼĸס
ĸ֪ԼΪ˹֮󣬻᲻ǳԼΪأ
ʤԸȥԼĸˡ
ôҪӱҲûãǻȥѾΪ˼ȶʵôˣǿ϶Ӳġ
Сݱ
y޲֮ϵйɢԶҪĶࡣеĽƳԱɳȥִˣȥĹȥ
ݱԹҲֻΪy޲ЩͷͷҪԳߡ
Щ˵ȷǷǳΣյģͨҲǺܷģΣյ˺Ϯܵľٶ
ôôˣ𳵴˸Ƿſڵ˸ץ˴߰ɣ֮ء
Ҫ˵ûеĻ߰ɡݱҲ˵ͷˣѵ𣿡
ȻģȴԸĸоءҰһЦܹӲġ
Щɨ˼ȦȻһ䣬Ҳûصȥˡ
𣿡
ûм˰ɡҰһЩգоҵѾˣȻѾˣǾûҪˡ
ѵԺ󶼲𣿡һֱע߲ûô˵ģʵѵǲԺЩѾۻҲûʲôϵɡ
ҰһʧЦûżǿΪġ
˵ʵʱʵҰһ֮ĹϵֹֻݣҲΪʧʧ̬ľٶûʲôܿڸղʧˡ
Ұһֱ˵Ѿˡ
ڵҰһ˵ڵûʲôԹˣԺҲصĿһǹɱӵˡ
ΨһĿԾ̿ɡ
Ǻ̿һҹϵܺ
СѾԼİ峵Լľ峵¿ĻǰһװˣھȻҪ߰˸϶װµģֻм˿ڳϣȻʣµĹƾֻܱڳˡ
ڳˡ
ƺֻйy޲ˡ
ǶѾˣy޲ҵĻڣЩ˻û˸ҸǸΨһһλãǹy޲Ϊϴ˳档
֮æҲȸǣƻűȥʤҲ뿪ҪصԼֳˣû೤ʱ䣬ֻʣҰһһˡ
ȥһ칦ɣúõףһɱ޲ң
Ӯ˵Ӧ
ղŻһЩ͵ձûԾڲӺһֱʿʰо֣ΪҰһİæЩûܵ𻵣ԺǳɣҲҪؽ
޳Ǳըɷ棬ֻҪʾһ±ըĺۼͿˣΪǸụ̂Ҳ˺ĹõھͿιȥ
ףy޲֮⣬ҲҪúõףһεжһò˶೤ʱ䣬ɱӹƾͻ͵ؽɢˣ֮ɱӶʿİҲһ⡣
ҰҲһɣοǵĴ󹤳أĻιƻ˲أ󡣡
ҰһһԼһļ٣ȥμһӦҲûʲô⣬ǾʹӦ
ʱݷҫæƺȥ֯ҲٶȴءǾĵطڹɱӵܲǴݵϢ֮صĹɱӶʿϲ˵Ҫ칦ᣬǸϽжȥʳģҵæƱزҪź
ɱһ춼ϲա
˶ǳˣе̲ס͵еҲ֪Ҫʲôֻþһ졣ȻѯҰһһЩǷǳȤ⡣
˵ʲôģʵʲôΪʲô˵ԼѾǧꣿ
ҰһڹɱӴʱ䲢Խʱòûиı䣬ǳҲûаЩ¶ϡ
˾пֻʦʲôҲѡԵˣҰһ˵ԼǱӻҽʱȴʶĲš
ôż䣬ȴĴڡ
ʵ̫Զˡ
еʱȴǵߡ
ӦǸ߸ϸ߲ʵģôܺһȾƨ
Ұһò豭סǣƭ𣿡
ȻǲԸţǾˡ
ţɺһھƣô˵أһ֪񣬾ȫû뷨أ
ţ
ʲôʱˣ׷ʸɡ˵仰ʱɵŵĺֻܵͣ˲㲻ѹ


170 
ףе˺һֱ賿ų׽û˸˺ȵ,һյ֡
ƾǵй١ǰǶҺȾ,ºȾ¡ȴûֹǣټر,ڳ˳˼ȾƵģ˸
ҰһģǾȴһҲ,в˹ƣûƴǣȫ,˺ü˵ľƣȫ֮治ɫ,Щ˳ڶȻżСãȴױȲսҰһһʼֵlԪʼ̲סгսҰһſ˲ٺȵҲվˡ
û뵽Ұľôá
żһȥȾ,ˡҰһڵȵľƿɲȵͨһѵȵĿǾͯӣǵƷľƣЩƵĺ󾢱ҪĶ࣬ȵĶȻϰˣ**ͨҪʵЩڵ֮ȻȻͱֽû취,رĺȣø߶ľ
ϧôľƺô߶ľƶǳңֱҰһúõһƬʬҰ
û죬ɴЦеı飬ԷƱľһȫȸɡ
ڸľƺѾȫˣ߰һء
ҶûܿסټϾҲûϵ˶ûпƣҰһһ˺ȵһƬϲ֮Ⲣû뷨
ءݷҫҲЩͷۣ֪ܲôˡ
Ǵ㼷һ䷿˯һ¾ͺˡҰһѾƱ£ûкȾƵİæĲʡµˣŮǵһͿԡ
ݷҫΪȻŮӵȷǱȽϽһЩġ
ŮûôȾƣǱͱȽϲһЩЩĲʡ£Щܱѡ
ԭŮӻȨ𣿡λݷѾȶ˶ãȥѾ
鷳ˡ
￪ᣬݵĴҲڵףݵĺǶͻСŮӣȻĺȴûкȾơ൱˵ҪѾܿʰ˲о֣ȥǰѾȥˡ
æȵߵǷЩ˺ֱӵغ˯е˺֮󷴵ֱڵϴ˹ߴ˵ʲô˵Ȼ˳
㿴񲢲˵ӡy޲Ѿˣݷҫյ䳹׽⿪ѾҪҰһоµҩͿԻָҰһæ֮ͱžƺ;Ʊȥ濴ɫԼһ˺Сݷҫտ֮ҲԼ˵һ棬ߡ
ûУҺܸˡҰһݷҫյһơѾˣӦÿԺȾ˰ɡ
˲أԴӸҾҲûôˡһǽŷ顣
С󣬲ݷҫյĿ˲ݷ֮⣬ɱy޲ңڵڶĿ͵ɣһĿҲѾ죬һʱ侹Ȼ֪ҪʲôһƮƮĲʵĸо·ҹҪĲݷԼɱy޲ҡ
ſ⣬ɱӽɢ֮Ҫô죿
ȻָɱԭĶԱǡ
Ͻʿ͸ڹɱӵ˴н300ˣǺ˵ͨˣԸĻԼڲݷµĲҵǽʿһǿԼ˵Ĳ¼ɣɲԸ⿴ġ
ԸǣǳΪǽ̹٣ԸĻҲԼӳΪһʿôལʿһѡ뾯ֻǾӡ
ݷҫһֱǳǵĹ⣬ԵĻԸ⽫ÿһ˶𵽵ס
һֱЩ˵Լĺһ۰ڼŷֱҲϣԼĺǹʹࡣֻϣһδ
ȥѧɣûĻĻԺǻ粽еģڻüӦöû̫İɡڤҲ27꣬ͻü
û27֣Ҳе㱡ûҵͶҲʱѧˡ
ݷҫһʼû뵽ѡҲΪûⷽȥ룬ǰæڸսʱȥѧڵѧУǮ˼ҲȥĵطܹͨѾǳ˲ȥѧУͷ
ݷҫǲȱǮģҰһĽ֮һ뷨
ȥһѧУɣȥѧУѧȱҵ֮ѧУ浱ʦͨͥĺ˼ҵĺҲԹϿΣϲѧĺ̫ˣֻѧдҲǺܺõġ
Ұһͬĵ˵ͷ뷨ǲҺнԣʱһѧУҲǲܵ顣
ԶԼʱ佨һѧУȻͶʹá
ѧУĹɷһһָģҩķֳҲᶨڴ˻ԺͲõȱǮˡ
δû£Ұһ˼ǹͬĿѾ׽ˣûرѻǼˡݷҫֻֽǮϵάϵߵĹϵЩҰһӦõõģݷҫղԸҰһҲӦý
Ұһûоܾ̹ʵ
ײ͵ķˣܹһǮȻǺõģοйɱӵĴңԺлĻ϶ǵġ
ԭڵϺ˯ɱ߷˸lԪУ͵ؾˣԵΪԼܵ˹ǵһΧºҲһľ裬ɵĶ֮Ҳ
ҰһͲݷҫ˶һۣŤͷ治֪ΪͻȻˡ
ʲô𣿡ݷҫʵĻѾȫˣ˹Ϯģĵ˯ɡ
ݷҫյѣǲŻȻͷŶѾˡ
ǲ˯ʱĵַԵϰҲ֪ʲôʱá
ղŵĶǾ˴룬һʱҲ˯ˡ˵ذϴ˸ǷǵģһʱĲϰߡ
֮ǰںȾأھñǾƾӰ죬ҲпǴ飬С濴˼ûҵ¶Ӱһ.ߵĲʵ֡
˺ͲݷҫյŮ֮⣬ûŮԺһʧˡǿǵɻ󣬼ʱһ£ǼǺȵκģȥѾȥˡ
¶µѾ𣿡Сһʼʱ򻹹˼Լû˼ժ֣ưˣﻹ˵ЩϵͲ֪ȥˣЩ¸¶Լ᲻ܵţҪְԼһ¡
ȥѾŮǺܿͻˣĸ¶ŹλǱôѾˣһΪڶ˯ء
ǸղͻȻС֣ȫˡlԪѹ˦ȿǽڣ۾û뿪⡣
lԪ״ļ򣬡ӺϾϣʲôܾҲûйϵѽ
εЦЦΪû˵𣿡
ݷҫյԺһɫУƵӰ֣ݷҫ۾˷ӦıȲݷҫտö࣬𵶳˳ȥݷҫպҰһ
Ȼ೤ͬףͷļǺͼ䶼ʾݡ
ǹˣֻûţǱûйŵԼǣɵͣһֱɿĻë̲ס˵Ű߷Ұһϡ
Ѿˣûؼˡ
ݷҫһʼΪǹسû뵽˺ҰһϵܺãҰһվԼǰԼɣ鷳һ£ҵİ˹ˡ


171 
ôһ˲İ
ɲŵĻͷҰһĿһش,Ұһֻһ΢Ц
,Ұİ˲𣿡Ǻλȴ˳ĬڳĳЩ˵˼,ûİΪʲôˣǻһǶ塣
ǹ˵ɫһҪʱ,ֽŽȥ֮ɵĹǹy޲֡
ǹơҰһץɵĸ첲Ƶ,ȻߵƵߣǵĹ,Ҳҵİˡ
ǵĹ֪ͣҪҪǲݷҫȷӦǰǿ,ҪҪһȾأ
⵹ǲˣֻһؼҵģ컹Ҫϰ࣬ܺȵ̫ҪȥϢֱӾܾˡ
ղҰһôǰֱ˵Լİˣõ˹ƣڿǸɵ˵ɫʱá
Ȼĸһ˿,ֻкǳϤҰһŷ¸߰ҰһȻ֪ΪʲôôˣֻǾЩΡ
𣿡
Ұһ˹ƵĲӣһڡڳ֮˵𾪣ֱӶǻ˻ֱ֣ӸǸǣԺʧ
ȵص˵ɿ˻Ұһ֣ͦ˵ģ
ţͦˡҰһŹ⣬ϲԴ׵ӡ
Ҫʲôû˵ƻпԼϲŽԼͲסɾƺԣҪôһ¡
Ұһʱİסûзʲôص£ƷͳԴ׶ֲͦģҰһҲеܲ
ڳЧϲˡ
֮Ҫȥ𣿡
ʱӦòȥˣϾѾûʲôҪȥˣϣúɣò˶೤ʱͿڵټˡҰһƵ֣һȥֵҹţͷǵͷʾ⡣
æµķǽƣһ˲ٹæ˺ɻвûд¼ǱҲæýŲմأÿ˶ڼӰࡣ
ְĹҲһֱڼӰ࣬ղų˻ǳ.ϢʱȰ˽ӻȥҪӰࡣ
δһܿܶǳæµҰһ˼ûʲô£ٻصǵʱȴľͻǶൽ̧ͷĹ
Ͼy޲һڰǵ
ҰһкܳʱԺ㽶ڵԼͬҲǳĸˡ
ƺҰһص˼ңҰһŻȥ٣ǹƻǰѽҪĹָҰһһ֣ʱҰһûп϶Ҫʱ䲹ϵġʱæˣƲŻҰһҪʱıꡣ
ջصҰһֿʼͷʣҹİ࣬ʵۣǹƻ賿ĵʱҰһȥ˯ˡǼӰӵĹȡĹȫꡣ
Ұһ˯ʱƻڹҰһ˯ˣҲڹѹʱȥʳø緹ϣһоһƽ͡
Ȼ˾͸Ͻͣһȥٻȥϰ࣬еʱǹֱڰǵţһӦöǵС
ӦֵͨеġͲסЩİԽԽ࣬ʮֺУȫǵͿˣֻҪжҪڵꡣ
ƼӰΪ
ȽǣҺԵһۿеġҰһһ߻·һ˵æôãҪҪٺúϢһ¡
ȫ˵ɣڻûа취ϢҲʱ·׼ȥϴ裬Ȼȥϰ࣬Ȼһսy޲Ǽһ۸ˣеʱҲΪʲô߼
˻˵ǹy޲Ǹһ
Ҫġ
ħǸȻӣǰŸոһˣǿʼϰ֮ǰѾʼ׼ƺҰһʱһ
ǳæµһпܽ꣬ܿ׼˽׼ȵħϰࡣ
ħҰһϲĸϲϲڰѹy޲ҸŪˡ
Ұһ͹y޲֮ĶԹֻС֪ǺϵȽϺõЩˣħҲ֪ߣҲ֪͹y޲֮ĶԹ𣬾ôʱ䣬¶ˣҲˡ
ðɣʵҲûرˣǾˡ
ħҰһԾ൱ˣҲû˵ģصԼλãԿʼĹûмӰ࣬ЩȫǹģҲЩ顣
Ϊѡùy޲ڽһ
ǲϳϹy޲쵰϶ǳѸ㣬ԲŷŵһġΧ۵൱࣬ڵĹɱӳԱȫˡ
y޲Ǳ˭ˣ׷׸˾Ҫ
һô˸߲ңԸڳ˵طȻΧΧһСطеվţĵطȫ䡣
ɱ⼸ĶԱɲ٣еѡתͶ̥Ǹ˻ѡ˵ΪҲ٣ħͷܶҪò֪˿ˣΪ߷ʲôء
ôĿƵĿţħóԼͷϵĺþûôųˣЩš
ʲôýŵģǰĳͿˡƴ˵һ˵ľᣬʶйһ֮Եվһߵļ̹Եһһֱڿѹŷ˹ͨеڴԶ׼
һǼ̹Եһĸ磬̹ʤ
ľͯĥҪٵö࣬ҲԲС֮Ѿָ̬ļ̹ʤǴմͨͱɽ˺һ
ʤЩ￴ԼɱԼϦյͬš
Լĵܵܡ
ԼվԼܵߵҰһ


172 
ʤû뵽ԼȻǵһ
û뵽ôתһ,Ҳûر˾,ϾԼô˵ҲǸ񼫵ĴˣЩвٺԼ,ҪԼҲġ
֪ԼµҲ֪Լкýڱɹһ̾Ѿ˻ᱻĿ,ԼһʱżҲԼĸĸ͵ܵܣԼĸĸѾȥ,ĸ׿϶ȥģһȥ,ԵһҲȥɡ
ϾǱ谮ĺӣⱲӶûʩʼһֱڹ᳹Լ壬˲ȥȥأ
ԣʤ֪Լĵܵܲûȥ,ڵסжôľȡ
ֻԼĵܵܣԼĸĸȻҲڵ档
»ڵǿ⣬Լĸôˣû£Ϊʲôڵأ
ʤĶ䵥ּٵ,ԼӳʼΪֹ飬Լ֪ԼǰȻô࣬һһԼµóҲǲ顣
ϾԼǸôˣӵǿҲ޷ıԼˣһͨˣʲôӵиıһеأ
ʤ㱣˼ûεϣͲ֪ɵȥˣƿž̧۵һۼ̹ʤúҪ񡣡
Ҫ˹ƲŲǾû̹ʤûԼڽеԾҲ֪ȴԼľʲôΪ̷֮ĻҪһ飬൱鷳
Ǹ̹ʤԼǸ⣬عţ˶Լˣڴ֮ǰʵҲ׼Ͼ̹ʤ֮һϵֻ಻٣֮;нָֹҪô
˵ģóʱ򣬼̹ʤȻ˿û⡣
ǳƽĽʵ
𣿡ʵûĻͿԴһ˽ˡ
ûˡ̹ʤʵͦʵģתһ룬ԼʵЩʵûʲô壬˻ȥͣ
ղһֱվԱĿƵĿż̹ʤԵһڶӸѺ͵Ǳ߽ӹ˩ż̹ʤӣԳֽߡ
ʲô̹ʤƣ㲻ǻĹ𣿡
Ϊ˽죬̹Եһͽ츺Ѻ͵Эһ£̹ʤѺȥѺͼ̹ʤְ֮ڡ
˻˰ࡣע⵽Χ˶ڿߣ̹ԵһСضԼֳ͵Ҫлˡ
Ǽ̹ʤȴֻͷϱۡ
̹ʤһҲ뱻̹ԵһѺ̫ͣ뿴̹ԵһԼôǱӡ
Լӣ
ż̹Եһһûбı飬̹ʤԺԶȫˣ㿴ǲǺܸˣ
̹Եһ̹ʤʵһ£ֳ˵ȷҷǳˡ
ô뿴ܿ𣿣
ֳѡ񣬵ѡ˹Ǿ˵Ѿ˳е׼ҵȷǲ̫ΪʲôҪѡΪǡӦ׵ġ
̹ʤôᶮ
ôȥҪǶͲ䵽زͼ̹ԵһĹϵӲ
Ȼ̹Եһ˵ֻΪԼֳѡ
ֻΪΪԭ
ϧ̹ʤ֪ڶ޷׼̹Եһ˼ԹԵĲڱ˲ԸֵⷢĽ䡣
̹ԵһС󶼲ԴǣԼֳһʱһֱԼ뷨ǲ֪Ϊʲô̹ʤԼ˼֪Ϊʲô
ֽӲ̹ԵһҲ֪˵ʲôãֻܳĬŽԼֳ
վ̹ʤĵطʱʱĿ򷿼棬˵ʲôǻû˵
浢˺ܳʱ䣬صʱѾ˽һСʱǷأƵٶȷǳ֮죬һСʱ˽ˡ
һʼܺɫĺЩ˵һ£Щһͷˣֱúǽ͡е֤֮δĹޣֱӽǸȥ
һֱʮ¡
ΪûʮôӵԹƵнеķǳ죬ӾһеϣԼ˼ܵó𰸣ͨǰæ仹ûзһҳѾ˵еϣ˵ˣħеϲϹƵٶȣһ߻еţһĲԼͷϵĺ
ҪҪϢһأѾ˺ܳʱɡ
ҰһҲǵϷģΪ֮һ϶Ҫæ񣬳һʼ̹ʤУʱһֱڷܱʼ飬æͷ̧
ħ˵仰ħһֱߣǳأҪħӰˡ
ֻħʮҲڼӰ࣬Ͼڸüд鶼ֵŸæµģعķΧǸСħ
ֻʱһ֣Ȼܴ顣
ѾҪҮħЩίƽʱ򲻾Ϣ𣿡
ڲŲʮ룬ûеϢԷʱ䣬ϢһСʱڻϰʱ䣬Ҫ͵ˡ
ǰҲûиħ˼ʱĹܽϰʱ͵Ӻܶ๤ġ
һñӿħòϢġ
ǰʱȷһ£ȵˮԵʲôģǷƽҲȥˣǽǳأûʱϢˡ
ǷЧħһν˷æĹС
һֱʮ㣬ħڴӷصĹнѡ
һǾ˽ʮˣԭСʱϢʱҲѹեֻʣһСʱ
ԭʽ°࣬ҲΪĹϵƳٵ˰˵㡣
һʱ϶ǲģô˱عҲҪһңҰһûܺ͹һԷħæ绹ҪʱѾн˴ħǵȥҪȥȻ̹ʤ
ﷸõֱӱδȥ٣̹ʤȻˣڰǵĺʵûɣϾǵﷸҪ٣ƹŴ󲿷ֵĳ䣬Ϊɹۣú͵͵ֿɹۡ
֪ǵӭﷸû뵽չô죬ֻһʹ˽30ˣǰδеǰ˹һĴһδüʮе𺳡
ôôࣿ
ֻһС֣кܶûеģ⼸½½ͻ͹ǸʱҹҪһӰˡ
⵹νϾкܶµģô˲ǹֱӱһ˰ɡһ࣬ҰһıԼ˵ˡǰɣٶȾȻô𣿡
ҰһΪͷǰ˶ȥ̹ʤȽ⣬̹Եһ˳ΪչԼСͽܣҰһ⶯ȨѼ̹ʤ˼̹Եһĸݱݱֵ¡
һڵˡ
ݱݱ˾ͱԼĴӿģ޵ļ̹ʤæҵĲ֪ôο
ʤҪڵѽȵݱݱ˿ˣʵһһڵŵġ
ֳ˻ڵһӣҺҲһֱֳ˵ģǸֻ1500ˣһҪúϧ1500ʱ䡣̹ԵһǸжֳǺúദɣ
ݱݱ˿޵ĸˣôôأұȶʢתͶ̥ȥҲȥתͶ̥ġ
̹ʤԹ˵ģҵĴ
⡣ݱݱĨһᣬĸӺòǲҪ˷ʱ䣬ץʱ俪ʼɡ
ץʱ䣿
ʢ͹ʤأȥװ˼Ӵŵ͹أɻҲǮ


173 
˵⻰˵Ǽ̹ʤ,̹Եһе㾪ȡ
֪Լĸʱڵ,пܶĿȾܵӰ죬û뵽Ӱô,Ȼôһƴ˿£ļ
Ҳ£ϾԼֳߵⲽҲԼѡԹñˡ
Ұһ,Ѽ̹ʤͻȥ֮͸Ͻʱȥ˷Ȼ翪ʼ֮ǰصħѾʼλ湤,ҰһһʱͻȥڼӰֱ֮ȥʳó˷,ȻϾͻ
ħûл
Է𣿡
һ㣬ʱ䲻͸ϽˡҰһô˵һСƸûϰʱ䣬ȳһһ,ȻһӰ̫ˡ
ֽװŵĵҰһȽϲľջ⡣಻̫ʳģǴģǳȥ𣿡
˰Ҵģ֮ǰ˵𣿡
лл
ûþ͵ϰʱ䣬½½ĴصԵĹλϣ׼Ĺ,ħҲŵԼλãƿһۣû鷳
ĳһЩܺÿЩʱ䣬ǳࡣ
춼˵1ҰһȥۿҲûȥˣǵȵ޲ҿʼŻȥ
õʱԶһʼԤϵҪ࣬ҪΪЩЩҲкܶȡ֣˵ΪЩ˰侲Ľܣƻ˲ʱ䣬ʵǲͷתǱ߽ĸ٣æά
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רάеٶٴμӿ죬ڵȵ޲ҽеһ졣ֻе1Χ۵˲űȽ϶࣬޲ǵϴӦ󣬶Ҹ޲ҵѲ̶ȣŻȥŪ
޲רŹؽյĵطһڣֵСһڣʵĥĲᣬʱһЩججģûӳеĹʽûа취䲻СݣԼĹϡ
һһֱڳԴ뿪ϧֱڣûҪҲվô˵Ҳ1000꣬¼еľᣬĺСɽһߣ¼ƹǷͻ˺ܳһʱ䣬Ūòࡣ
һ˱ȵ1컹Ҫ࣬ħԭĴͳеôˣʵǲͷټҺʵǲ԰޹صȫ˳ȥֻ½칤
ôҲûãһ˵һȻǸϳȥˣͲǻ
޲ҹʱŻоǳ֣ΪΪкܶ˹뿴˵ӡ
û뵽ʱȴڳֻ־Ϳ塣
ǿ𣿡޲ֹĵط˺ʤģѵһ䣿
Ϊ뿴㵹ùʵ̫ˣൽѾ鷳
ʲôʵǹɱӵĶʿǣΪ޲ԲŻô
ѾӰܾˣʱһֱڴЩ飬һֻ˯СʱϢʱƢԽԽԴ˵̬Ҳǰôˡ
ȻԼȴôá
޲ʵǳûţûи˵ĻᣬֱҪټʱˣץʱȻЩȥǵžۡ
޲Һ޵ڱţԼеȫò֮ǰǸСݶӲ˵ڹǰ
ڳ֮һ򲻹ֻܱ졣
ֳֻһһ޲Ϊֹе¼ÿһ¶ⴥĿģȴû˶Դ˷
˲
bݷ޲Ҵ밢ǵó飿
޲ҺĹһһǾ˶̫һĵطǣ̰͵Ĳͬڵĵ
Ȼڵǹƶûа취֣Ǳߵ̷Ҳ̫һͬĵǻ˷ǳʹࡣ
޲ҲϲǾҲԲ
ԿסԼʳڶʱҲ᲻ԾļȻƲסҪԶ
޲óԵԼʱȴʲôԲǷǳʹģ˷裬ڶֲֻ᲻ͣظһ̡
Ҿ飬ѵǻ𣿡
ǲһеĸһ㡣ƺϾᣬ֮⻹ĻҪ˵𣬲ĻԺҲûлˡ
޲ҧ˰죬û˵
Ƶһᣬ޲û˵֣ȥ
Ӧð޲ֱͽǵҰһԼİ칫̾һȻʲôû
Եһһ߰Ұһɻ
޲ҵԸʲôе㲻̫裬ѺʱһֱͣĹҪ룬ھȻʲôûУԹԵıߡ
Ұһ޲ڲ̫Ծʱ洫һղѺ޲ҵæ˽Ǹݷ޲Ϯܵˣ
ϮվһߵӴ˳ȥҪתĸСУڹæ֮ǰתһҪƵæҪκӳ
޲н֮ʲôӦûУСлΪԼѾˣ׼ȥû뵽޲ҾȻʱܣײСҪؼҵʱϡ
ڻħԼĹûн=ǰܲԲܣСиɴĳˡ
СƹĽʬʵǿѹ󲿷ֵսǣĹСж϶ֲã˵˵Ĺy޲ҡ
޲ۿžҪ뿪ħиֳϲ԰֪Լ϶ȥģôܻΪһûõߣԼһжǰ
޲֮ѡ
ܵĹĻҪ˳Щ޷жûбŵʱǿӳȥġ
޲ҳŸʱܵˡ
ֻϧ޲һûܳȥ٣ͱƾС
ԾԼܲСеĹֱվſڽԼ˳ȥˣǱҳҲԻָԹʱһ㶼û֣޲ҽ˵ħǰһֱ׵ĴӡħΪһ¶СУҲɲֱӲ˵ϵǹְ޲Ҹҽȥ˼֡
һʱ䳡澹ȻЩѪȡ
ʶǶԴ˽ãղűһ˹óӣҵ˹y޲ֵλã첲ת˼Ȧְֱϰȫס
ޣȻܣ
ǰҲûܵߣǱy޲ңܵĸֵһᣬСı޲Ϯ˵ʮջڰѪģʱΪֱҲ뿴
ľԼӳȥ𣿡Ұһ̵֪߳޲ҿ϶ӲŲģϮĻһȣֿȥĵһˡҰһֽʣԵһȥǵɡ
y޲ҵ忪ʼѸٻָܿͻָ״̬ս̵ۡ
Եһ鷳ˡ
Եһ˵ͷ
Ļȥֳɣ˳һ޲Ҳ¡


174 
ȫˣǵĹҲʼ, ʱһֱæŹy޲ҵ, ԭӦǸĹȫֵʮ
Ҳ˵ʱɷǳæµ, ܹϢ
޲ǼһȻҪҲ˲ʡġҰһεӣټӰȥҪˡ
ô˵, ĸüӰʱǲģֻǱԹһ¶ѣǸÿ춼ڼӰ, ޲סڰ칫ˣû˵ʲô
ϾڶԼӰ಻ˬʱֱħϱ, Ͼħϲ͵ĻҲ
ʱæˣͿϢһʱ䣬֮ǰ˵Ҫȥ𣿡˵⻰ʱͷҲû̧ɱҰһҪæö࣬ڻϢʱ䣬Ҳڲͣæµš
Լȥûʲô˼ʲôʱݼҳȥһΣ
˵⻰Ʋŷ±һ, ӦһѳĻᣬҪһȥ𣿡
ѳҲҪȥ
ŷޡ
ǾˣѾȥܶˣٵʱһȥ
ڵĹͷɱǰõö࣬ǰϢʱ䶼Ӱ࣬ںôһֱڼӰ棬ԼϢʱһȥ
õĶֻ࣬Ǳǰ̬ȣ󲿷Ϣʱ䣬ڹ
ҪΪħôɻ
ϰʱ㣬˵ϢʱˣܹϰʱԼĹǶǽ̫Ӷ
û̫
ҿʱɣ֮һ١뵽ʲôһ·һߵٹ˼Ҫˡ

Ұһһ£˺һŷӦ
ԼʱĻĹȥͻı䡭
Ӧԭġ
Ұһһ뵽ԼҪһδԼĸ׵ĶͷƤ顣
ѵҪ³һ𣿲ֱӻصȥʱ𣿡ҰһЩǿĺ֡
㲻ȥĻľͻһ̥ڳ֮ǸӤϣֻԺܲãȷ𣿡˵
Ҫô˵ĻҵһֱǺܺáҰһ뵽Сҵһֱãֱ֮кת
Ŷһ
Ǿ͵֮ȥһҪץʱ䣬ȻȥǸӤˡ
Ұһͷ㱼䷢ԼСʱֱ࣬ʱףߡ
ʵֱҲǿԵġҰһ˱Լӽ棬ûó飬Կ
дϵֲᵱͷǱĬĸı硣
Ϊһ˵һûر⣬ٵʱˣħҰһйȥȥͶ̥ҰһŻ㱷־ȻѾʱ
ͳ飬ԭīˮдĺִ˿̱˽ɫҲ˵Լдʵġ
ڹȥԵĲǸոճԼѾɻСѧԼ
ȻͻЩСҲ̫࣬ϾԼдǻصԼ18ʱ򣬿ⲻ̫ʵǰʱǰһ¡
Ÿո6𣿡ҲˣȻҲᵣ㣬Ͷ̥֮**ֻ6꣬СΪϣʲôԼľͽҹǾʮʱ÷ǳ죬ƺҰһûʰܶֻǴԼõĶټϹƿԾȥڵҲûʲôա
˵Ұһ뿪һʱĶȼ١
Ұһе˲٣õ˻ˣȫǴչҰһףģһ͹ƿ˳۵İ󶼹ҰһףܹһЩ
ʱˣˡҰһͶ̥Ǹ˻ֽеҪǴʱ䣬Ҫٵꡣ
ʱˣҾˡҰһǻ˻֣ͷҲûؾ߽Ͷ̥Ļ档
Ӱʧת˲ʧ
ʮʱѣôġħοһĹƵļ򣬡һзִ硣
ô˵ҲǻǧˣҪ޷Լǻʲôأ
Ұһ1θܵͶ̥һʲôܣ߽˽汻ͷĿѣûö೤ʱͺӽʲôطһȻǱʹܸ࣬оԼʲôקһһֱͣûв´ĻԼھӦþӤڳ֮ʱ𽥳󣬶ھھ׶Ρ
Ӥ6ĺͯҪĲǼ򵥵һ仰ͿԴģ6ʱʹԺԲƣҪѹ˷ǳ̵һʱʹԵüΪĥˡҰһҲǱ˪˵ˣھʹʱҲЩܲˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãʹֹͣ΢һ£۾Ŀ䵱ģĳⳡİѾˡ
Ͼ¸ûлѾԼķ䳤ʲôǿܼǵԼĸֳӣڴСѧƷһߣӺҪȥϿΡ
ôǵԼСѧʱûȥѧУϿΣӦСѧһ꼶ʱʲô飬ĸҲûԼȥѧУ
Լ¶ˣҰһԼС֣ȫǲԼôˣҲ֪ھûдꡣ
ʰϾҪȥϿˡŮ˵̧ͷץһߵӴȥ
ʱɲ̫㡣
򿪷ţվĹȻԼĸףԼɫ¶һɵǣôУˣͥʦԺǾҪڼϿˡ
ͥʦʣҰһˡ
ʦ
ʦ̵Լ˵ĵԼͬ˵𣬴ӶıԼδ
ҰһǷǳϲԼʦģʦҲǳϲ˵⼸֮Ҫˣ֮ƣԼʦҲ˲Сİ
Ҫ˵ôûм棬ǲܵģʦҪʱ̾Ͱ˻ȥʦ
һҲձ۸ӡ
Ұ¶ǣԼСӿ״̬ǵһԼСжôĹɶ£ǲ֪ǰܵ۸Ҳ˵ǰŻؼңȻǱ۸ĺˡ
˽򾭹֮ҰҵĸĸϵѡһѧڼѧϰȻ˼Ŵһʦ̵ķ
Ȼ˵һȨԼֿ϶ᱻ˶ϵǳΣգвͻע⡣
ǷǳɴѡҰһ˵֮ʧ黹ûܵĵزһн
ֻǽȫûа취ȫģҪԼԼԺˣԱҲᱻƿأһµʦͳĿǰΪֹżһ¡
ʦԲκһܺĳһϺãһĳһܣǾͻᱻֵһߣӶָĻҡ
ʦһҪأء
ȻĿʯ˾߽ǵ۾ĿʯʵǿƷֺãҲκһ֯һ㹻ǿˡ
ȻڵĿʯ᲻ͬѡԼСӵʦǵҲȽУĿʯһͬ⡣
ǣĿʯȻܿͬˣҪ֪Ǽȥѯʵʱ򣬲ûбϣ
ֻĿʯԼ֪ԼΪʲôͬʦ
һж˵İš
Ŀʯʦĵ1죬֮ǰԼúʰһΪľǸһӡ󣬲ҪСӸŵ
͵С鶼ǳ˵֮ǰŽܵͬ˵żټԿƵڵҰһ˵Ѿ˱ıԵ
ĿʯӣǸӴŰ׳ͺɫĶ̿㣬ϴһ˫ɫСƤЬͷ롣һŵСүĿʯûа취ϿżľţҲ˵ɺͺ棬͸¶һɲ͵ĳء
ڼĵ1ĿʯЩɣȵĺܹСİԼй¶ȥ
ҰһĿʯ֮󣬾ʹɳվһʦãҰһμָ̡
ĿʯҰһǰƺҡ
ûĿʯ֮˵߾Ϳƽ룬Ϊҵǳ鷳Ҫһ̵ңҲŻڼ￴Ķ𣿡
Ŀʯ˵ͷѾԼһ֪ôҪôӦװɡ
ҰһԼôѧϰģϾʱѾȥôá
˵ѾΪ˲ɷָһ֣ʹָѾ̸ϿƲˣڲǺϤԼõ壬ҲĿơ
˿Լ֮⣬㻹ҪѧϰĿγ̣һӦ֪ɡ
Ұһ˵ͷһһѧģʦ
ĿʯҰһϷǳ⣬ζݵĽӴʱӵԸԼǰӴЩСһԣԼĴںͶλһǳ֪Ҳ֪ԼԵʲôķ񶨸ĸԼİš1
һԼںͬ˽̸Ĵ
һʼɺͻ˽֮ҰһĿʯܿͿʼ˽Ŀγ̡ĸĸĿʯΪҰһԼô1Ŀγ̿϶ǹ
⼸ĸĸһµѵΪеطԶ
ѵĿʯҲЩȣռôѵʩҲȫרҵģֻǸһСΪϰ֪УСжôҪ
Сڼһܾ谮
ڸĸĽ֮£ô£Ұҵļҽһǳϸ
Ŀʯûһʼĺ˷ʱ䣬ֱӿʼ˽ѵǺҰһԼİճ̶ȣҪһʼʼ
ȻҰһıҲԤϣǳϤԼһֽ̯𻭱ĹһСȻֽǶ仨ӻ֦˳ݸĿʯ𣿡
⼸һֱʵ飬𣿡
Ұһûκνڣǰ˾ѾԼҺɣɴĵ˵ͷ˵ҲûдԼҲ˼֮ԼԿ϶Ŀʯ϶Ǵ򲻰ڵԼϾԼʦʦ˵飬¿δһ仯
ȻһʼĻҪ̣ôĿʯͿʼһĽѧȵǣҰһѧϰǳ֮죬쵽ЩӦ
һ麣һĴϼȡҪ֪ʶۿɼٶȳɳţĿʯһɳռ䣬Ժ󾿾ɳΪôֲߡ
ҰһΪԼıֲϢ֮Ŀʯҵĸĸ˵˽
һӷǳ㣬ѧϰƽҽ̵ĶܹȫգȻһǶԼ֪֮ǰѾʼоԼˡûжҰһʲôɣϾԽһҲ벻Ҳٻȥ롣
ںµǣҰһ̫СΪ˵󵼶·ҪעĲԼ᲻ʧأǶĵĿơ
ֻмֱģʼա


175 
ɭŸ͸ͼԼʦֵˡ
ĿʯʶܾˣҲճһ,Ŀʯѵʱָһ,Ǹǲһ񣬿ȴٹ
ͺʲôסĽŲһ
ʲô,Ŀʯ϶ѾǸɻȥˣȻʲô¶ûС
ǾͿ϶⡣
ɭŸҵʱȥѯԼʦ֪ʱæʲô
ʲôҪ,ǲ֪ĿʯֻҪ˵ǲ֪ǾͿԣĿʯȻشˡ
˸ʦܶѡĿʯ˵
ͽܶôʡ,ʵȷʵ˺ܶ,һֱѵ״̬ĿʯҲǺȷĸԼһʦܣķӦôġ
ų⣿
ϾҰһʵ̫Сˡ
ʦܣ˵ɭŸ⣬һֱ֧Ŷ߽ĸͼŤͷĿĿʯ
شʵ,뵽ʦȻָ˸СʦܣǻΪʦͽ˾ͻôһֱȥ**
ǵʦͻСҪϡĿʯһ䣬ƿƳСӣǳ,עһ㡣
ΪʦֵܣǺ飬ɺҪʲôݣͨʦֵܣǿ϶νǱ̽ĻûǲҪҰһӴ
ȻĿʯҲһʱᱻ۸
ǸСģһ˻κβǡ
ĿʯûǰôȣĿʯȻ˵һ䣬Ǿ͸ҪúõĿһ˾ʲôˣȻԼʦĿ࿴
ɭŸ͸ͼ˵Ըʹ·ʽȫͬ˵ʦͬһˣⱲӶнӴĿܡ
һͬ㣬Ƿǳ㣬Ŷģ޷ͨǵȦӣֻǹϵһ·ˣȫνôҲûʲôϵ
ֵֹϵҪص㿼һء
Ŀʯ˭ͽ˽ⲻˣͼĻԲ֣ɭŸͲһˣĺļΪʢԼҪӽǸˣһȥ
νܹĿʯΪӵ˶ţŶǻụģų⣬֮ͲһˣĿʯԼڼǸ֮ҲԵĶøС
ҰһԼʲôʱܼԼϵʦ֣û뵽һڶûͼԼʦ֡
ɭŸΪҽǼģ˵Ϊ游壬ĿģɾԲ游ԼҰһķһֱԼϵߣԼתͷȥɭŸȴŲߣƺԼڿ
һ׼֮ѾǰˣɭŸ׼뿪ӣ׼뿪ʱȴٽſڵʱҰһסˡ
ҵʦ𣿡ҰһվſڣɭŸ͸˲׵ľ룬ڸӻܰҪͷʦǸ˵𣿡
ɭŸգգ۾Ұһǰû뵽㾹ȻѾˣʲôʱֵأ
һֱҵʱ򡣡Ұһ֪ɭŸⲻ˺Լ̬ȷǳ̹ȻҵĴڣͨʽҼҪҾʲôͣȻʦΪӣǸݰĻͲܣӹ̾ͺãõģ𣿡
ɭŸʱˣʦ˵ǸӲͨ˵˼һСôܻ֪ô࣬жϳԼԭͼ
ȴɹɭŸȤ
ӷǳû̶̵ļСʱദɭŸⲢûעȴҰһһ˽⡣
һǳҶµĺӣܳһʼ˸к֮⣬˲û˵ɭŸԴҰһĸССϸڷԼ뿴Ķ
ֻ۲ЩɭŸ⽫Ϊϻ۶µĺȻ࣬Ҳ٣ʵǲΪʲôĿʯѡҰһΪŵӡ
ҰһҲʵ̫Сһ㣬ǳ⣬꣬Сʲôأǵ̹
ƣƵȨ߽Ǻǵĺӡ
һҲ̫ˡ
ɭŸȥҰһɭŸ裬ɭҽҺϲɭ
۾˵Ϲһ˵ǺɭŸǳˣɭŸɸоҰһԼϲǵһμİ˰ˣϻһʦֵܵıǩ
ףŶɭûʲôɿڵĶأҰȻ֣ȴԼӵľ
ҪǷǰӦòôɴ࣬ʱ䣬Ŀʯһֱڿ佱ҰһעҰһŷ˶ҰһĹ
ʵ֤ĿʯȷģҰһʱһֱǳֵĴڼ棬ûСһϲܳȥ棬Ҫ֪ҰһǰҲǸСӣȻҲ£Ҫȥģһ̬ڼ棬ûг֣֪ҰһԼ״һ֪ȻǲѡŲġ
ʱҰһһֱڶԼԼõĸӴ죬棬ĿʯԼѾûʲôԽ̵ˣϾ˵ȫͬŬķ򶼲һ̵ֻܽҰһĶʣӦãֻҰһԼˡ
Ŀʯֻһá
ɭŸⱻҰһ棬ŷãɭʦ
ˣѾûˣԸΪʲôҪҵ̸̸ͲǸϲСĹ𣿡
ֲŮӣΪʲôҪġҰһָվһֱû˵ǸźɫȹĽСŮСŮһֱಽĸһֱߴߴĸɭŸ˵ŻɭŸȴûҲûпǸŮӡ
ҰһȻֵ˵𣬵Ҫǣ֪𷢵СŮ˭
ɭŸɭŸƣǰΣͨ˿ȻҲԲͨ˿
εĸҰһ游ӵҰһĸĸʵͨˣȻƵҪְǱʵûģɭŸص£ǿġ
ԭΪ𣿡ɭŸü㷽ʲô𣿡
㡣ҰһЦݣԺܻ֪ģҪ̫ЩһСأ˵İ粻ҪȾҰ
ѾһǧҰһװһ㸺ûУѾ˽ӴͣˣҪ˵ճŵʵɭŸ١
ôСѾ֪˵İ𣿡ɭŸüСѧĿܲʲô
֪ʶûЩ߰ĶŶҰһСǰ棬ϾԺһȥƵģʱ㲻Ӧ˵ͻСûùϵ𣿡
ɭŷḡЦʧˣҲʦ𣿡
ɣҲµġҰһ˵ڸۿںֵһʦָոսװ̽磬кҵ游뷨ǳѸı䣬ҵĸĸҲûҵĸΪֱñͨҲѡԻ׵õѡ񡣡
Ұһ׵ʱʵĲһֻԼԸоĿʯĿġһʼĿʯȷǴĿĽӽģʱ֮Ȼʧʵĸ飬ҲҰһǵԭ
Ұһѡֱ̯ƣΪʦɭŸǰΪԼϱQ飬Ȼȥˣһǻòˬǰ˵ͲЩơ
ѡЧģɭŸû֮ǰһ¶Щӵı飬Ҵˡ
ʲôˣֻԼ֪
á
ȻˣǾ͸ȥԷˣķĺóԡҰһţ˳ȥ裬ɭҽ˵һֶŮ´οԴһ𣿡
һ뵽Ұһûͬĺӿһ棬͸ɴͬˣϾɭŸһǸɾҪǲɾǶɭŸӽǡ
Ǿ鷳ˣ⺢ûͬ飬ܴСӹǾٺòˡ
Ұһ˵ɭŷиͬСֻɭŸһɣ˵ԼҪһѧϰҽҲǲԣԼĴϻۻԽͣרҵԵ֪ʶɲ̫һǳױǸʱɾͲýˡ
Ȼͼ֣ǰϲҴڸеɭŸ˱Ҫ֮Ҳôˡ
ô£
һʼͼҲͷԣɭŸǴŰ˿ȥһ˼ҼǰĿʯżģܿ׹
ȥǸСʦȥˡ
һͨͼûȤȥǣ̽ող죬ɭŸⱾͲԸܹһ𴿴ΪĿʯȻ˷ַӴ
ҰһҲΪʲôͼûйڼҴķǳģĸȻܵĲôϣȴȥҪȥҲҪĸš
иĸţкܶûа취ȥȥҲû˼ҰһͰĵĴڼ棬ԼԳȥ͡
Ȼһ죬ɭŸȴʱûа취
ҰһȻ֣ʱѾôá
صңѾȥ꣬ٹãԼҪȥѧǵãԼûȥУһֱڼѧϰҲʲôģҲź֮һ
̽ԵһԼĸĸϣȥѧУϿΣĸǳ⣬Ȼ֮󣬴Ӧ
ҰһѾĿԼֻҪ¶ԼǾȫû⡣
ҰһǳϾԼС󣬳׶԰ʱûϹѧԱ˵ǳͨѧУ˵ֻڵŻῴ
˵ȥ˵õ˹Ƶͷɱ
ҪϲȥѧĻԵȻ֮ȥѧУʦƿǰѧƷҰһ°һе㸺а


176 
Ѿϰ˴˵Ұһ˵ѧѾΪ˷ĵĶȼʱ䡣
̫ѧҵ˼ʹϵ, ˵Լĳɼû, ֱӵӰδ;ӰԺ顣
δƺѾʼı, Ұһѭ浸أǳѾıδʲôӣ
δġ顯ѾܾûóˣڵҲûʲô, ΪԷһǽⱾαװһͨߡⱾһͨӣصĶҲǺͨĶ, һ󲿷ֶǿհ׵ģ㱻õҲһ˵ıʼǱ, ддС˵֮ġ
ٿѧǰһ죬Ұһ⽫ԼеĶȫ׼áҲҪõĿαľߡѾ̺õУǽϵ¼ܣ
ϵѧУǺǳһѧѧѧǸȷҲͨѧЩѧѧϰɼȽŻῼ, ĳЩǳͻ
ͨѧδĴ˲šģȫڳʱͺЩ˽ԺԼɱ棬Ұһĸĸ͵ѧУδû˼
Ϊĸĸֳûģ游ҲЩˣŲ˶೤ʱ䡣游ӿƳλôԭվڸλϵҰҺпܱһֱѹļϡ
ԭҰһʱ, һһΪҰһûѾˣû뵽ҰһȻСѧʱͻȻˣôһʼļƻɲóˡ
ҰһֳѾʼʵϰΪûĹϵְЩѣҰһ֮Ƶķһҹ֮ת䣬ԭЩίĳԱ̵תìͷʼҰһֳҰһհ
Ұһʱڼﲻ϶Ҫһԭһ¿϶ǲزģֻǲͣҰһԣǷɾ衣ƾһҪģͨ˵ȷְעߴҰҫҪһλߡ
Ұһով֮ܲ游ѯԺ
Ҫ֪ҰһԺԸԸƣΪƵƶˡ
ҰһĻشԸ⣬ǲΪȨǸˡ
游ڿʼȫֳһԺһΪܿƵƶˣҰһǳΪԽλϵĿɽ
һҲǴѧУҵģҲѧУ˲˲ţ²ٵɽҲǴѧʱһֱˡǸʱһҵ˲ƫģҰһιΪľΪԺټҪһЩóսΪ
ѧУ϶ӵˡ
ǶҰһ˵ֻ˳ѣҪʵѧԺԸ׷òûҲǿϾһֱάõ˼ʹϵҲͦ۵ġ
ڶһҰһʹӴĸ׸õı㵱Ӽ뿪
ǼסĵطǺĸҪʮȥҵվֱӿòģҰһһֱЩѧԺ;ܾˡ
Ȼ糵֮Ұһͺˡ
ǰţʲôʱ൱õģԲίԼͻҪ糵ѧȴ糵߷ʱڵͷ󺹡
´λ˿Լˡ
ڵ糵ϱŤҰһڴСʱ֮ѧУſڡ
ѧУſͣŲٺ¹ڳѧ˾ǹܼҴҰһ˵糵֮󣬶·ߵĳúõһԼǱڽԼãѧУ
ԲԼôǱ״̬ӭѧУĵһ졣
Ұһ˳ӿ˳ѧУ档
ѧУĶλһǳŴŵĵطһȪռǹӵ糵ʼͿԼűƷ˲ͣѲߡѧУҲЩ߹ٴ˵ĺǳʲô£ôš
Ұһûһ͹ͨѧһһ糵ȵѧУſǲŻ㼯һһ꼶Ǻɫģ꼶꼶ֱɫɫһߵвٶǸ꼶ѧѧ㡣Ұһʲôûע⡣Ŷ˵ʲô󲿷ֶʲôûʲôõϢ
һС֮ͷˡպ¼ȡ֪ͨһĹĵӣҵԼİ༶
ҰһſڣͰһ˲ҰһԾϵĺҵԼλ¡ܲûˣҲ֪ûаŻǻûе
һֻ˲һˣҰһ֮ʶıС˲סÿҰһͼȴֲҡ
ںٻͷҰһĳȴŮһ۾ͿԿԣûָͣ꣬ʯһֻǿž鰲
ʵ˲֪ļҵļ̳ˡ
ֹİڲ֮󳹵ɢҰһطſαʱһλŮ˻
ΪĹϵǲųһЩŮʱеǰأĸ͡Ұһ̧ͷòĻӦһ¡
ʲô֣ŮʵûУſڿ㡣
糵ġҰһ˵Ѿˡ
糵ǰŮȤʱ˲١
ּҵһ㲻糵ǵѧǼɳѧӽѧУʼѾһ̵Ĳġ
ڼĵһж϶ԷļֵкıҪǾͿԼȥֻһòʵĲݰǾȫûбҪȥˡ
Ůƺǳʧȴǣǹɹ󣬡
ϴľļҰһ֣ǺصĳţҪϡҲܸоŮӶԼӣҲνַӦ֮顣
йɹ̽˶̽˺ܹܶ࣬Ұһɵڰ
ֻһÿɲʲôóˣЩ·ǳɫ˵ûʲôõģǿÿʲô»ֲ
ɹûҰһԼ־ת뿪ˣصԼλϺʶСüģĵĻȻҰһ
ǰϹźÿӦѧϰرã¼ȡһҵġ
ҰһǴӺѧУģûвμпѧֱӰͼģΪ棬ЩͬѧˣɼҲûУôأ
Ϊ֮İɡ
ЩȽǮĺ֮⻹мǴ濼ѧϰɼȽϺûĳһǳɫˡҲԷֳɣһɱǼԺյĹɣһɾЩͨˡ
һȥڶ쿪ʼҰһѧУͷְպ̫ԡ
Ǳ˿͹ġ
ֻǼҲʲôʱʰӣǷǳͨһɫ񳵣طãѧУſھԵ÷ǳס
 Ƿʲô𣿡ҰһʽſڵǸˡ
Ǹ˶Ұһ̬Ȼ㲻ΪŶ
ңҰһָԼǳ죬ʲôϵ
ǿѧڶ죬ҲûкйôΪԼˡ
ںСٺϴģ˵˭׷˭ǰĴͷ
һ£޸ǳ
ʵҰһѾˣΪĴģϵʱѾкµ˰ѽֵ˵аѧ̳棬ҰһֲûбǱߣǹŮǱߣԭУСٺٵǵһڵڶСٺϺģѧĹɹŮҪġ
Ұһһ£У
ЩڰѸ鵱ɶϷ
ҰһλϣóֻѧУ̳һ۾ͿƮǸӡ
һ¥ÿ˵ƬͶƱΪÿһ궼ͳԹͶƱ˷ǳࡣ
һʼֻҰһƱΪʲôһֹķʽ쭵ŮǱߣԭУ
ӵкھͿʼңȺħ裬е˾ҰһУһǳƽ˵СٺϳƽƽͲ䡣
ɹѧУһ쾹ȻôӵߡҰһû뵽ġ
¥棬ͻȻһidǣɱ񡿵
Ȼ˭ˣǾȥһ˺ˣֻҪܹͿ֤ǵò𣿡


177 
Ұһʵӡġӡеĳ˺˵idǳơ
Ҳʦֵĵӣ̫Ρ
ɱΪ, ʱ޿̲׷ˡ
Ӹۿںֵ뿪, ϴע, Ȼʱͳ׽Լϴɾ
Ұһǿ˽⣬Ҳ֪ΣԡڼԵʱŻӡ
ѧУ
ʱôҰһҲǺܼǵ̫γϵ, ǿǵ̫εʱûжҵֱ뿪ѧУȥۿںֵˡ
ֻһѧУ̳վİȫҲǳ֮, ûѧ֤Ļûа취ע˺ŵġ
ҰһѾǲ̫嵱ɭŸô̫δ, Ҳȷڵ̫ξѧѾˡ
ʶСɱ񡮵𣿡ҰһϣѯߡǶոѧУض֪˭
û뵽˾Ȼһ벻Ĵ𰸡
꼶̫ѧشȨһɵͬѧͦġ
꼶
Ұһ˻һ
û뵽ȻҲѧУұԼҪꡣ
˵ڸͲʶ, ûеԼ
ľͺѾʶԼڿԼעһ
ҰһѾʼ˼ҪҪҸʱȥһˡ
һʲôԼԤĶǿɾͲôðˡ
֪ĸеҰһʵܸǾٺòˡ
˻ΪҰһҪȥ鷳Ҳ´󣬷ǳˬľ͸̫εİ༶
꼶ڲͬĽѧ¥, һ꼶Ľѧ¥꼶Ľѧ¥һξ룬һʱ䣬־Ͽλ㹻ʱȥѰ̫ΡԼĶ뿪ȥѰ̫Ρ
Ұһ뿪֮󣬸ղŻСO@ĽͻȻըˡ
кܶ˲ǲȥŮȥˣ˱ѯʵǸˣ˶֪ҰһȻȥ̫Ρ
һ꼶ƷҰһ꼶Ľѧ¥İȫͬУ·˶עĿ
Ǹв˶ˣڵ˳ָﰡǲǹСٺˣ
һ꼶꼶Ľѧ¥һģȥ̫εĽңȴûҵ̫εӰҰһ룬ȥ˶¥̨ϡ
ƿסţ̨ϡ
¥ķܴ󣬷紵Ұһķ˿̫ûаԼ˼ôˮӰ˫ֵԺ󣬱۾¶ĸ첲Ͳѩ׵ı
̫׾Ұһֹ̨ţϺá
ڵϵ̫ûжҲûиҰһһ㷴ӦҰһȫûżôվſĬĬؿ
ֱϿ죬̫ζûиҰһһ˿һķӦҰһҲװûϿ壬վ꼶̨̫κš
̫**ȵǳӰҲڲס̫εʱ̫Ŷһ¡
ȻžͲҪװҡ㲻ǹҹ𣿡ҰһһվЩӲȣ˷ôʱӦùˡ
ѵõĺȻҪ˯һˡ̫˵˽ĵһ仰˸Ұһú׶һ˯
̫׾ҵʱܱ˵ʲôֱ˵ͺˣôĨǵġ
Ұһô˵ˣ̵̫شӵϵĻҳȻ˫.ߵĵ棬һֱվŶۡ
ҰһһۣȻô
ȫû뵽Ȼʱ򿴵ء̫θ̾һΪ㡣
仰Ϣǳ֮ߣҰһ˲õϢ
Ѿôôֵ
ͯĥһ̫һ
ĸǺýģ̫ΣɭŸæýͷö֤Ѹ̶ȡ
˵ʲô
һ̫תͷһָ˵ؿڡҲ²¿תֻǴŹȥļڣ֮ڵ㲻ӦóѧУȥδһѾıˡ
Ұһתգ۾ָͷԼ.ǰ˵ú˵ҪֶšҽΪ£㵱ΪʲôҪˮ
ѵŸտʼϿΣǾͶչ׷Ҳ̫˰ɡ̫ΰһ֪ıĻƾͲˣŮӻ΢һȽϿɰأ̫ˣǺ¡
̫Ұһ֮һֱڿҶشҰһ⡣ҰһʵкܶҪѯ̫ξǲشһֱڲͣתƻ⡣͸¶⼸仰֪ܶ࣬Һ֮ǰѾ֪ˡ
ӣҰһҲżˣô̫һϹ̫˵ʲôܽϹһȥ
̫һĵĹҲǳǿһ羹ȻںгĹйȥˣȵ¿죬̫δı죬ˣҪһȥԷ𣿡
Ҵ˱㵱
Ҿֻҵȥʳó԰ķˡ̫ûд̨Ǹ¥ߣߵ̨ԵǸ˸ߵǰ棬˫ֳˣǰб뿪棬вͻ¥ˤȥ
ھҪ¥ȥĻɨ˴ܴţһѪ⽴ĺѴɨҰһû̫εĶֻǸ¥ĺ
̫βûд¥Ϊ¥ˤȥǱĽأпֻˤ̱ȫ̱Ժֻڴ϶ȹ
׷Ȼˬǻ鷳ұˤ⽴һҲС
ԭҵĴ֮Įܶ࣬Ǿʲôǰرϲ𣿡
ǰҰһҪ¥϶ǳżĳȥĵȰȻöԷͷ
ҰһȻֻԹۣȥɨš
ȻĴıĮ˺ܶࡣ
˵ʲôȽϺأڻѧҸȥҿ°ĭҲϲģҪһȥɣ
֣صľܾ
ʱĸʲôɣ̫μҰһͲϹĵƲƲ죬ĺ֪
֪֮Ҫ㡣
ϬҲء̫ȿڣʶͻȻͷϵⱾ𣿡
Ӷͳһеĺɫ飬Űɫƣĵλдż֡ȫ**֪˭Ǳҵķ䣬ⱾҵͷԱߣЩ棬Դ򿪿һ£Ȼ˲ȤĶأ
Ұһȫ**¶֣ЩֺС֮ḷ̌ܶҰһĿд֡
ֵıʼԼϤ
дֶԼģⱾҲǡ顯Լдݡ


178 
ҰһʶԼĿڴȴⱾ, 챻Լ֮Ҳûж, Ҳ֪Ȿ黹ڲԼ档
ⱾдĶϸ˵ֻǴһģֻ¼Ұһʱľ, õֻҰһжʱڵĻ롣ԼԴԽӵвһ
õⱾ̫֮ȴ쳣ز˲Ծĵط
ԼԼķʲô
ڷϢʱ, ȷһᡣⱾ֮;ԼǸǶԼˡ
̫δС׷Ѱ˲Լϵһ仰һΪ˶ǱԼϷǳۣΪָ޷֡
ì̫ηǳͷʹ, ҪѰҵһ취
һʼ뵽Ľ취þ, ôɱΣԼ֮ǰʮ¥ϵʱȻֻˤһ߹ǣʲô¶ûУһƿҩ˯֮ɻƨûСȥѧʵҺЩҩҲû
ǾֻѰȤȥˡ
, һͷǳ֡˵ĺһӵС
õǱ֮ץסһ㣬Ȿ֡ʶ̫αΪҵˣĴѧУ̳ʱȴ˵ټ
Ȼǽ
ڸָĶȤζ, ټҪע⣬̫βŻĻ
ȻԼˡ
ⲻǺܺ
̫˷ܵЦǱȫ**Ըһ𣿡
Ϊͨ˿ǱΪǴʲôġҰһھ֮ܿƽ
ΪˣҰһʵһ۾ͿԿⱾ٣̫βûƭԼõ飬ԼǱ
ⱾһֱװʵôԼyҲ֪ѱ˻ҵԼˡ
˵ģѾǧ˰ɣΪʲôҪѧУأǶɵ𣿡̫ڷһ֮󣬾ֶҰһ˵飬һЩģǳò顣
òָѧУһһֻһѡ
ЩҰһ˸Ͳ֪һʲô˰ɣ֪֮˿϶Ҫ
ܹԼ.ϲصô˵ļԲ򵥡
˵ǷǾǱô򵥵鶼벻ףֻ糵жļǷǳЦ
⵹Ҳ˵Ŵֻ˵ÿ˵ĻһǻΪһЩСеˣΪһЩС¶еʹ࣬ĳ̶ֳ˵ⶼһġ
̫ˡ̫νе鶪ҰһΪǸôȤأû뵽һظıûС
ı䣿ҵȷı䣬ֻҪ룬ܿͿʧϣԸ𣿵ı֮ϳ֮û˻ǵ㣬ĴڽʧʱپһЩҶǵ㣬Ǹʱĳʧˡ
ҰһԶ̫ö࣬Ȿϼص鲻һ仰ˣеȫûа취ֳΪ˸ıŬҲȷһĳЧɹˣҲվ
ûԼ飬Ұһһ£ȷûдĶôҪôأڵʵ֮󡣡
ôأ˵ˣҲ֪ҪôϾѧУʵ̫ˡ̫ת˸˫ԼͷΪʲôһҪͰĴأҪѰȤĶô
һô˵Ӳס°Ѿա˵ȫֱֻۣҡҡ׹ֻҪһ㣬ͻ¥̨ȥ
̫ϲɱһӹɡ
ȴϲִ¥ȥˤ÷ǵϾȥˤ׸ţһûˤɰ̱ᡣ
̫󵹵ĽǶԽԽ󣬿ҰһȴվһߣûסԹۡ
㲻ǲԸôת뷨ˣ
˵Ķԡ̫Ұһô˵֮󷴵ȻһЦɿ֣˴Ӻȥ
̫׹ٶȷǳ죬ֻڻϿΡû˿ֻпڴߵѧ񿴵ʲôεĶȥ
Ρ
¥˰ɣ
һվſڴ¿ȥĵȴһŤͷ̨Ƕȸ̨ʲô
ϿεʦѧһʦߵߣӴקڿʲôأڿϿʱ䣡
ղҺ񿴵¥ˡѧԺ˵ʦ˵ĻһϽҲԱ¿Ȼĵɸɾ˶ûУ¥ʬأ
оˣ˵ʦֱѧȥվȥվѧ㿪ʼɸղǲԼĻþˡ
Ұһ̫ӵ̨ϣ֡ղſɲ˿ˡ
пǸ˵ıŶķǳʣովһ߿ձĵϵĳзǳ˷ܣΪҰһղžЩ߰㣬ɫճŻҳ̫˿Ϊ⣬Ҹղˣûʧʲô
̫εǱֻͣҪ˾ͿԶղҰһѾԵ֫ӴûĿԡǸ·ҲѾӴˡ
Ұһȴɿ԰ԼӰ
Ұһûн͵ıҪΪղžҶմϵĻҳ鴧ԼĿڴ棬Ͽʱ䣬ҪȥϿˣ֮Աɡ
Ϊʲô̫εֱߣѵ˵̫Ӧ֪һУ
̫һǳҪ
ҰһûϿεʱȥǵȵһ ¿֮Żصҡ
ͬѧǳ棬Ұһ춼ȥˣΪʲôûϿΣҰһȴûлشǵ˼ϿϿθôɨɨȵѧʱҪʰؼҡ
һĹɹڵȲˣҰһ׼뿪ʱ򳭵ǰһϣ㲻Ѿ֪Ϊʲôһ㷴ӦûУ
ӦʲôӦأȥѯΪʲôҪҴûйɵϷʰƿɹҪ뿪ˡ
ι㲻ĸĸʧҵĻ뿪
ɹûоֱӵ裬ˣֻ˵˳⻰һ˵ھвһЩĲѡ
ǼǮ˵ֻвҲʵǵӣ⻰˵ͱһ
ɹ˵֮ԾãϽ˿ڡѵҲƯ𣿻˵㿴ң
㲢ûƯʲôֵϲأҰһʵϾУаҿǵһ
ɹҰһҭ˵
Ͼʵ
οһԴ׵ġ
һƶûʲôϢеš


179 
Ұһǳȷľܾ˹ɹ̬Ⱥܺõ, ˵ڵ
ʵǳмЩԼע, һַǳر˵ΪҲֻЩӲŻ¡뵽, ҰһҲ⼸ҵδΪǳˣխ, ָԺûĺпܸǴСЬԺ󴦴ⶼСġ
ɹ˱, ʱϢģ꼶Сٺȴ֪﷢顣͹ɹһ, ǼȽϺãСܳ谮ĴС㣬ֳ͸׶ţСʳǡ
ǻѧЩνĹŮѧУ֮ͽЩѧһɶ, ЩЦԷǵ顣
ǿҰһһͨ˶ѣвҲû취Ժ϶԰ƽ
Ұһ뿪ңû뿪ѧУʱͱѧУſڵһŮ
Ůվźüڣһó, ŮֺĶǰҰһ԰ɣ꼶Сٺϡιûб˼ҵѡ
֣صľܾҰһü˵鲻ôϷ顣
װʲôأеͱС̸֪֪Ժ÷ǳ˳
֪֪ԺǼҲ÷ǳѣҰһЩͷӦЩСˣѧĴۣѧҲûʲôȤĵطѧУͲʺԼ
Ҫתѧˡ
в𣿡СٺЩ˵⻰֮վЩǰһЩڱĸߴ󣬴Ϻɫװī֮һվǳˣҰһʲôˣЩ˼ͶͷҪвʸ
Ұ𣿡ҰһһСٺǰƣҼסˡ
㾿֪֪ں˭˵
ںһ֪ߵغС˵ѵĸĸûн̹˽ʱ򣬲Ҫʢ˵̬ȶԴ𣿡
⻰ͲСٺ˵ǲûн
СٺҪ͹ɹĵԭһҪһȷΪҰһͳϣҲͦϲ͵кӺôÿк̸ôġ
һʼûоԼ䣬ϾԼôÿֺãҰһͨһԼҵĹϵ϶᳢ͷȻصĸԼɹԼǿƣҲûʲô³ġ
ҰһĿбӣƹЩߵԼҵĳǰҵ˾ĳЩһݻĺһǳͨĹ񳵣۸ҲˣѾǲð뱲ǮҲġ
˵ʵһֱȥе㷳ˡ
ôȥˣǻ᲻ӽԼأ
ȥ֮Ұһȥһ̫Լ뿪֮뿪ѧУȥ˺ӱ˺ӣ֮ͺϵһ˶ʧ
м˺ܾãǲһطҵ̫εӰʪģǸմӺ
Ұһȴһк̫ܲεԸ֪ôҪǲôƽģӶѻƲʲôֵóƵĶ
Ұһڿ֮ϵʱˡ
Ǳһҽġ
ҽҰһҲʶǺֱ𲻾ãϵʦֵɭŸ⡣
֮ǰԵҰһƺʲô
ѵʦͽ
ҰһϣԸֵµ˼۲ƣɭŸѾܾˣֻڲҵӴ
ڵ̫ΣһͨĳѧΪʲôɭŸ⾹Ȼע⵽̫أ
΢Щ档
ɭŸ̫ζʲôĽɫеĺ඼Ⱦ磬ҰһɭŸ֮ʦֵܵĹϵҲܽԼеζΪˣ֮˶á
ǰҲǳɭŸ⣬ΪǸʱ˵ദʽӣҰһڡ
ֵµ̽ӷǳãһֱûбɭŸ̫η֣ڽӴ̫֮ξҲûѧУϿΡѧУϿεһѧУ̳Ȼͣˡ
Ұһȹ˰죬ѾõСٺϺ͹ɹһҰһ
һǹҰһ뿪ѧġ
ǺѧĴͳѧ1ܵĩϻٰһᣬĿΪѧ֮Ĺϵʶһ¡
ڹԼԼʵ¡
Сٺ֮ǰҰһﰵвһ£ȥͲҰһıȴһֽд
ֻѧУһ쿪ʼϡ
ǰϱȫһ㶼鲻
Ϊ鲻СٺϲŻԼƢ뵱˵ŵ亹ֱð
ֻϣҰһûмǺϾǼҲû취һ˵ĹȥĨôɾ
2СٺѧУ֮СĹ۲ҰһķӦȷҰһû鷳˼֮ĵһ
ûмǳͺá
Сٺ϶ҰһȤûʧǰҰһôȤΪ÷ǳÿȫϣһ֮Լļ
ǰǵΪһΪĺ
ԺܹĻǼǲǿԸһҪ֪ҰѾܾûʲôչˣֻһո˼壬ͺȦʲʲôϵҰһпܾǼһӡ
ɹͲһˡ
Ұһߣǽʵʵ˺üɹšҰһǸһ
û뵽ȥҰһȻȫûϿεʱ򶼲ۣһ仰û˵ĹǺ
СٺҰһ˱Ҳ֪ҰһܾСٺϾԼлᣬһСٺǸŮ˵ģ
һ뵽ĩᣬɹ;Լҵ˻ᣬԼҰһͬĻᣬһҵҰһҪԼ顣
ԼôÿԷҲһΪᵱһǵģ֮ǰͿʼ׼ˣΪ˾޵ԲԼΪ
ɹе鶼׼ˣҰһҲ˹ѵ㻹ҵҸʵ𣿡
μᲢһҪЯģҲûвμ˼
ĩҪȥμӵģƺĴ罻ᣬɱѧУҪʽĶ࣬ҲҪö࣬ûʱСӴ֡
СٺϱҲģû뵽ԼߵſھҰһô˵Ͻ߽㲻μҪȥ
ҰһȻʵЩ꣬ȻԼ
ѧУĻ֮⣬ûĻˡ
Ұһʼ˼ԼѧУѧû壬ҲѾ֮ǰԼԻʱ˵Ǿ仰
ѵЩ˷ǳ޴𣿡
Լ̫εʻȴ̫˵ͦԵġ
Щ˵ȷе
ﲻǺĹѧУͶӦöǸǲŵŮôʳ޴أ


180 
ڿѧ֮ǰҰһǷǳڴѧУϿε, ǳϲѧУ¶, ԼѪ
û뵽ԼѧУ֮ЩܲˣΪǰĻĹϵ, ЩܲЩɵС
ѵ֪ʲôʿɶֹ
Ұһﳰһ䣬Сٺ͵ľѣղôʶľҰһı, ⼸žҪǵġ
СٺϾҰһһѵõ˶ǳ׺ȻԾĶ׽, ¶Լʵһ档
˵ЩȡֵԸֻ׽ļǰŻչ¶
ǡ
СٺʶԾ֮, ø첲ͱͱûзԾĹɹ󣬿ϧɹ󲢲֪ΪʲôҪø첲ͱԼΪڱԼʱŤͷһۣʲô
һ˲䣬СٺϾԼǰ͹ɹһ뷨, ǳ޴
ΪŮ˸ͲԼ̨ͬǼҳΪŮ˶˥ȥԼıһС
Сٺһ˦˦ͷŤͷߣѹɹԭأҰһ״, Ҳ̾һԺȻҪ̳м壬ͲҪĿŵôǳȻԺļᱻ۵ġ
ѾҸˣڹɹܲȥǾȫԼ
ȫӣɹ󶼾յͨ죬СǱĵģԹֿ֮ǰҰһﰵĴһѾǳˣһαҰһ˵̲ס˵˳
ǰ޵ʱ˶ź޳֮󣬰ˣҰһȻһûйοģǾί޵ø
ѾѧˣҸøʲôʲôɡҰһǺɹ󣬵ֲĿɹޣͳݵǰҪٿˣû˻ġ
ɹ޵øˡ
һҰһ͸ûٹܹɹԼһڽޡ
ɹԼһޡûǳΣһС֮󣬾Ĩŵŵ˳ȥҲ֪ʲôȥ
εǰ֪ܶͨ˵ģҰһ֮ǰ׼ȥҪһûʲôͿҪвĻԳһʱһ¡
صʱʦѾˣֳѾ꣬͵һˣҰһϽǸȻط任·ȷ·ûʲô֮󣬾͵ĩ硣
һεģСǸۿںֵ֯һᡣ
λĲһˣƢ˵ǰۿںֵǿݣôڵĸۿںֵЩʵˡ
ΪƵļ̳ˣҰһʹһǱҪֵģһ游ļ̳ˣҰһΪĸȱһɣ޷ָһ游ҲΪ£ˡ
ɶû˸ҶҶҪϹϾķš
Щ棬ٶ֪ߵĴڣǰͨǹеʲôвѹϵĴɽвпܻɽע⣬Ȼѹǡ
һҰһĳȫͬͣü۵Ȼܹ˵ֵܹϵΪֳĴһٸӲһЩıҰһҪߴ࣬Ȼոճ꣬ϵȫڳЩνĹ塣
ֻҪһվû˸С
᲻᲻̫ϰߣĻ͸˵ҴȥһҰһһӣڴе磬Ӧõ1415ʱٴġ
游Ѿ60ˣߵȻͨҪúܶ࣬ǲܷѾʼ꣬ȷ֧ʮ꣬ĺ󱳶ô£ץʱеͿǰϢ֮ǰĲ´һҰһڣҲܷĲ١
ҪԼ֮ǰԼ·ӵ޷ĵλʱſݡ
Ȼ֪ԼСͻе̫Сûа취ȵ18ʱЩˡ
ûϵھҼƵĻҲû£ҿӦĹҰһԹԵԼֳԼ
ڻ̫Сˣû취뵽Ƶбҵ֮󣬾ͿҽһЩС鷳ˡ
ƿɲôƽҲ˿ǸͨŻͨ´
˱ϵ֮⣬ǻ縺洦ֵĹҪæһЩǳΣյߡ
Ȼ鷳ԵӵеȨҲǳߣ󲿷˶ͨ˵ᣬӵ֮٣⼫ȴԶİɼĶ
һ֯ûеˣʵ϶ƵĸϮûٹһûĴɱ͸Ķࡣ
ڸַĿǣҰһȥæѾȲˡ
żһʱɻʱ϶Ӳ˵ġһЦڵѧУúѧϰ
ѧУЩˡ㣬Ҷ֪˵ʲôˡ
һһѧУΪҲжţȻҲ֪СҰһʲô
СҲˣ֪ܲܿǡ
˰ɡһСͷʹҪϼңָԺʲôء
ǲôСٺϣǵĹɹǸССٺ֪ػڹɹǴǱ軵Скܶ鶼಻壬綼Χתġ
Сѣɲʲô㻹𣿡
µǲ£Ǿ鷳
˻˵Ż˹ǴкǺ֮ġ
ۿںֵսʽ΢ԶǰɼҲû˸ڸۿںֵ涯֣ΪĿɲֻһˡ
һεϷǳ֣֮˶ƷչϵһҵãȴѾڴ˾ӪꡭˣӦЩ˵ʱ򻹰Լĵܸܵܽǡ
ڳûһ˸СһͲС
ٱû˸ұҰһĲġ
ɹСٺûȥμѧУᣬһȺҵҰһӰ
Ȼ
ʶСٺϹĸĸǲû̫ǼݻղĵȦ˿ڵĳɾ͵ȷѾǳˣȦӻôһ룬һֱżҪҵһﵽ̶ֳȣȴһֱûҵȦǷǳģһ˻ȥ
ҵѧܡСٺȭͷڵĲУֻصһǰѵʱԴԼһ١
Լûж˵ֻĻ֮Ĺϵ϶ӲȥĻҲ᲻ҡ
ֹϵ𣿣û˵ȥѧУءĸĸǾϲֻͬѧϵҲҺƤȥ
ߣǹȥк


181 
ҰҲⳡ֯ˣҰһɿԳΪġ
һλ12, ȴչֳȫ͵ĳ, ɵÿм䴩󣬲ܶԷĸ֯Ȩ, ֻ߶ԷֻһͨķԱɵӦԣȻǵĺøС
һΪص˸, ֪˲Ͽôᣬ̲סĿԼΡ
翪ʼ֮ǰ, ҰһѾﵽ˲μĿġ
Ѿ˲˵ϵʽЩ˶ԼĹ۸Ӧöǳ, ĻЩԺӦûнĻᡣ
ʱίߣЩķҰһڳһʱ֮˸ȥϢţһһʼ, ҪȥҪӦĶ󣬿ʼһ쵱еĹ
һֱԶ۲ҰһСٺԼĸĸҵ˻ᣬСٺϸֹԼĸĸֻεĿԼĸĸҵҰһ
һϢһ£ͱ˸סˡҰһвͷȴ, һóԼ10ֵǵƨ
ԶסߵСٺϣҰһ֪ܲСٺϵĸĸأһʼΪСٺϴԼĸСٺڵıȴ
ӦҪֹĸȴûܳɹ
ҰһСٺϵĹ۸΢ЩСٺϵĸĸںҰһ֮뿪ɵ뿪֮ȴΪǺҰһʱ䣬ʲôûд
Է˵˺ܶ໰ϸһ£˵ЩûʲôӰ죬ǷǳٷӦ꣬ʲô
Ҿ˵ǿ϶ʲôʲġСٺϷǳΣЩŵӿһۣɳϿҰһǸ˸Ͳǲµʲô12꣬Ҹҿ϶ѧУӦû˻ˡ
СٺҲû뵽ԼһĿıô࣬Ҫ֪ڲ֮ǰԼĿӡֻкӳǳԼθһ㡣
ȴıԼ뷨
ȷ͵ĺһɣŹ˶þͿԼ̳мҵ˰ɡСٺϸĸĵλ֪ҰһĲνļҵƣǾʲô֪
ƾͨŵĹߣҰһֳһֻڿƳһְ
ֻͨĿƳǿ϶һڣͲסõЩ峤ţΪǰᣬǲŻҰһ˵ڡ
ʲôʱʼѾܳʱˡǹʱողڣѾ֮ϣʱҲѾ˵㣬ǵΪֹ췽ۿںֵȻһζûг֣ɲҲûй
ʵ̫ڵˣڳ˻Ƶʱ
ۿںֵȷЩˡһָڸۿںֵ֮ƢͱԽŹҿʼɱ޹עһҲûá
ƳҲûá
ǸнľͷӾǹעһһ㣬ȫ˵ĻȫԼ£ֻΪһ򵥵С¾ͻŭɱ
һʼֻǸۿںֵڲԱֱӵ˸ۿںֵ֮⣬ͨ֡
ͺط̫һƷʽҲЩ⣬һֻţһʼƻΪۿںֵ˿ԴԼڲ񣬿û뵽ʱѾȥôãûкתҡ
Ұһʹһʱ򣬴ĵƹⰵֻʣ±յƻţůɫĹ£˴ĩϣǸ˴һɫĺͷһͷ׷Ŀݣ𺣬ϲλߵϢ
Ǹۿںֵ졣
֮󣬳˼ˣ˶΢΢ʾأҰһҲûǼ֮С
ۿںֵõʹ֤Ҳǻһͷ˵öûõ
ˣ˶˼֮ŲߣŬĲȥпԼƲס
ڸۿںֵɲǿйģڵȷϲŭ޳Ⲣֲأ˭˭ǲġ
Ҳ֪ۿںֵ֯ⳡΪʲô
ҰһǺϾʱȥ˺ܾãһЩϸڷѾǲˣܹ鲻ʲô¡
Ǹۿںֵ֯һᣬʵһҪһʼٷĿ֮󣬸ۿںֵſ˵ǳɳƣû˵ƵģǰʱǴķ֮ʧԣȻ˵⻰ǻɸλֻϣλϡ
ڳ˶ͷ˵Ͳ˵ǲ͵ʯ֮־㲻ʲôǮҲĺɫʯ޼֮ۿںֵȻղؼǱõʯ
ûмǴĻֵĲ񲢲ÿ
֮ʧԣҰһ֮־ȻԴ˵ӡûֲֻš
ǣǱߵһ֯˽ǰǿʯ;ûۿںֵŷµʱѾˡ
ѾԸ粻Ľ͵ĳ֯ϣᲪȻŭǿɲһĶֵԪķ֮ǿɲǽǮͿ򵽵ģԼλ
ڸۿںֵ˵֮ǱļֵѾòôҪˣҪսۿںֵ
ҰһҲһʣڵĸۿںֵԺԳŵôǮȥ֮ǣһԪѾ˵Ǹۿںֵеʽˣڸۿںֵ˵һȨһóôǮͲһС£ûֹ
¾͸¶ŲԾ
ۿںֵڰҲˮ˵û뷨
һ˵ȫǱ˵վ棬һ仰Ҳû˵ֻĮƳˡվڹսǴӰɭŸ⣬˫֣վѾ˺ɫװ̫Σ15꣬źɫװЩС͵·ĸоϿյġӺ۾滹ŰɫıģվǱߣǽϣͳϷ
Ҫ췢ϷĻ϶ɱŶɭŸһ˵
ֻҪ㲻˵û˻֪̫ͷҲ̧Ҳ±˷ϷûпֻҪڱ˷֮ǰٶȽԼϷͿԡ
ڣ̫ҲɲϲǸ޴֮˵ѧУ뿪˼뿪ѧУһӻˮɭŸ˸ۿںֵ
һ̶ˮѧУϲżоϲĸۿںֵٲúһȺһ𣬻ҪŬǵĲԼαװһ
ûжڵ̫ڴһʱϷ֮ڻǽϷ˿ڴ
ûн𣿡
е鷳ɭŸָӦò󡣡
䣬ۿںֵ죬ߵֵܶ˳Ⱦͷ


182 
һƵİһǺŴһܵۿںֵ, 1¥2¥Ļҡ
Ǽ֮, Ļиۿںֵıڡ
300̫˶ֱֱĺһ, 300̫Σվһߵͷ΢΢Ϲ
̫Σ
ҰһϤӰ
ʱѾ˸ۿںֵ
ֵձǺϷְҵ, ҲδԱġôͨ˼ֵأοڸۿںֵɲôãһҪ뿪Ķ߲˵Լˡ
첢ð300Ƿ, ⶼûиǣӹߵȾͷĻҡѵһ, ֻλվſڣ˵İȫ
ֱǽȥ300̫β뿪˸ȥȷû֮, ŷ壬ڷɳϡ
Ȼ֪Ǹӵݱһ㣬ƻЩԤˡΪһԲרŹϽߵ֯ǶôΣգ˵ר齨һš
ǲۿںֵΣգǱȸۿںֵӲСǸۿںֵ, ҲҪ˱ᣬǡ
ûмǴĻǸСѧܽӦò12Ŷԣô졣Ҳ12ͿʼƵ˰ɣ
⼸ҰһҲѾɳϵһһڲˮ֮ûתĨǣֱӽ⡣
ʵ֯ԭ򣬾Ϊҵ֮ǵ䣬Ǹۿںֵֻںã뿪˺ͷǳðˡ
ҲǺֲƣֹܲʼ񡣡һҲʼ˦Ҫҷ֮ǵĻǱȽϺãŹʾһһġ
ۺڵ촿⵱һڷƨ
һ߸ɵģͨĹ̾ôܻǲҷ֮ǵټأοǵҪĿҲΪǿŷ֮ǡ
߶ǿ̯˵Ļ⣬ôȥͨ˽أԴһвɲ̬Щ꣬ɰڶ֮˵ֲҷ𣬲ҷ𣬻Ҫúõ˳˵
ʵģ¿϶ͨĵΪӦǱ¡ͨͲĿʵ̫ͨûʲô·㵽Ҳߡ
ǸҲǣŻ˽֡
ҪʡһԸۿںֵĲݳƷӦЩ˰ɣΪʲôҪôʯأӦףʯֻΣա
ҵȻףⲻӦòĵ顣
඼ưδ̫Դ˰ɣ
ǲû취ԼֻϣܹõһĺŻ֦һ֮£ĲƲǳɹۣ֮֯ĺƽֻġҪ־Ӹµ˵ǸëûСӰˣ游һܸ߿һۡ
ô˵Ұֵܱ鶼ˣԭҰһôţ⻰˵֮Ұһˣûֱ壬˫Ӳӵ۾ֱĿ졣
˼˵ǰˣʵҵǾλ̫ʱ䣬ѾϺͿˣʲô˵ʲô˵ҪӵģȻӲã͸ϽλøˣȻۿںֵ类ܹ⣬类˸ǡ
ң
㣬Ҫʵʵ˵ˣֵЩĶ۾˶֪һ겻һ꣬ҲǱ˵ĹϵԼġ
һ㱻Ұһ˵ĻιȥԴΪۿںֵһ𣬾Ҳû˸˵ÿ˶Լǳϻ̳Ͽ֣һ䷴ԵĻ˵˵ָԼ
顣
֮⣬ĻǷŭ
ӸλѾһ㲻õĵĻοҰһû˿ΣҲûתصĴ̼
ԭôһһԼĵܵܣȻһŲ豭Ҳȣô۾Ų豭ͺˮ泤˶仨ƵģҲղŶźݻ˲Լĵܵܣһİˡ
ƾôԼµ𣿡ܻʴһ
ⱾͲǵĹϽΧ֮ڣֻߵȷҵ߹ǵ鷳ⲢǵĹϽΧ֮ڡ
ۿںֵǰ˶ٷ֮£ûйܣΪûֵȥ
˽͵͵ɵĻԼ͵͵ĸɾͿˣȫûбҪ˵Ҫ֣·ý
һǺ⣬ΪʲôӢĸۿںֵ죬ȻӡֵµµĻɽ
ֵЩɲûֹվѾ˵һ¡
Щɲûֹ
пܻۿںֵĴ£ǶûֹڵĸۿںֵѾһʲôĳ̶ȣȥкܶ޹ΪǶʧȥ
Ҫǵ顣
֮ʧ԰˵ձ棬С˵ֻǺۿںֵԼļ¡
Ұһͣûʸ̸ģͲסڿԹֳ游ȫҲֹҰһ
ΪǵĻҲ־
游Ժ̸Ҳֻ𰸡
һôûС
硣
ƱǴ˽֯ʵûǲŲɡҪˣҲҪ泶һǹġ
Ұһǽô˷̹ϵĸһ̶Ǯǲ˻Ժĺʲô壬ǻֱԾܾ
ڵѾʼƲˣһввҰһͬ⡣
Ʋˡ첻ŭЦۿһֵܣĿɱˣҰһ粻֪˶ٴˡ
һϵı鶼ûô仯Ǹ䲻侲˼˿ζвҲ˿Ϊ
вʵûãҲֻҿͷ˵˵ˣ෴ԼźݻѾԼƵĶ档
һַǳ޴ΪֻҪۿںֵ֯滹һߣۿںֵͻƵĹϽһ㹻ۿںֵѹġ
ô˵ǲģԼļ£Ҫע⣬ҪսȻ֮ᷢʲôɲԸ⿴ġһһڶûȵĲ豭ϣܼס˵ĻȻδԲù
²豭֮󣬾ʹɳվ뿪һҲеĲ豭ʾ֮뿪
ֻʣһڻŭˤˣղŲ豭
ƣڴеķһ
ȻǲʣǾͲҪҲˡ
ıڿ˵۹ʮֲƣκϴûиǷû취ֻ뿪
ղŵƲһ޵
ֻ𣿡
ľҲûпڲ廰ѾͬҰһľѾǳӦԱˡ
˵Ա˵쵼ߡ
ں˵ʱǹɲŭȻһһϦͿԶġ
ֻԼ游ϿԼ游ϴλѾ˳30ʱ䡣ϵϢʱһһ۳ģԼĵܵܲ1213ꡭ
ȴӵΪԼֳԼĵܵȨƿƿƳλҲֲԼ
ʱҪעۿںֵͶ·ָ֮ʲô벻¡ܹһʹȻۿںֵԼǴ˵ġ
ʦ֣ϺáҰһͻȻͣס˽Ų¥ݿڵķ˸кװʦַǳ˧Ŷ
СʦڿҲݹءɭŸº޺ЦݴӰ˳ȻˣҾͲˣֻһͨҽѡ
ڵֻһͨҽѣʲô鲻Ҫһҽѣʲôأ


183 
ۿڵĸͣżͻָ֡ҹƻͨ, Ȼڽҵ硣
Ź, ǲǴߵŮŮֹձˣɫ, Щ˲ԼͬһͰЦݡ
ȥǿ̸۵Ļ⣬ô棬Ƿǳͨۻѡ
Щ˵Ļ, ɲǱֳôá
ľƷձ֮һӵеĲͬһ㣬ľŵүӵȤ֮һǴռϡŹ, ҷǳĶȻһչʾǡ
ľǮһЩ, ҪͨǹϵҲв٣ÿᶼв˹
һʼֻǵҫͱЩ΢ˡ
Ϊˣ֮⡣һλ֮͡
ֵ¡
һʼľһ׷Źֵµܣ߷Ǹһ, ÿһҵ鱦ֵ¾ͻɧһܵİҵὫ鱦͵ߡ
ľ޹صǲ֪ÿһιֵ¶ͳĶľҡ
߾ǸһľÿζرĶչÿһιֵ¾ͻץʱĶ͵ߣȻһͻȥ
˾ĵطھҵļߣİǿľרҵİŶ, Ӷ˲٣˵ǳָİŶӣȴֵһơ
ⳡչҲ⣬Ҫչ䱦Ƿǳķ֮ǡ
Ϊ˱纱ķ֮ǣľŵүѪҵƣϣǿĳ߰ء
ľүλѾˣǸֵǲصŻŴε֡
ƱǲԸµģͲסľǸȻǲҵֻýľүӽչ䱦ֵʱһ㲻ԸҲʧ١
Ҫչ䱦ǺۿںֵѰҵķ֮ǡ
ۿںֵķ֮ΪʲôᵽľŵϣһǳֵѰζľŽغΪʲôչ͵͵ѵǲûаѸۿںֵ
ȻľŹչĶʱӦñ׵ĺۿںֵȻ޷Ӧһֱţʲôûд
ưԵ׷ϢҲǸۿںֵʲô춯ҲûУͺûϢһ
û΢΢ĿѾˣǲϢзӦ
ôкŸۿںֵ׼һģ֮Ǵľŵͳ
ľȻۿںֵСһһ᲻ľų֣ǴεչнԼķ֮Ƕ
λĲǴһʱץҰһһĻƵļλߣһСӻڴ˶ǳۣľүҲû뵽İĸ˾ȻһС
ڶƵΣǷǳĽӴҰһ
ҰһźɫɢڼϵĳһβҲɸı䲻ˣֻһСʵû˻Թֵвֻ˭ҴС
ڻ᳡м临ӵ˼ʽҰһģһһȺдļװϡ
вСʱʱ䣬־ͻӸۿʻ룬ϵʱڹתһȦٻصۿڡ
ʱ䴬ϻᷢʲô˭Ҳ֪
ҰһȻǲ»ϵĻģǴˣ˶ľںϽεչδûԭ
ֵĹˣǾ˵ǰ˴͵ʯ֮Ҳûа취ãã뿪Ǹʱ͸պðץ
Ұһվڼװϣ˸עĿĵطȴһֱû뿪ϴĵط󲿷ֵ˶ѾˣľҵһҲҳٵ
ǿľӵġ
ĵصҲЩѰζľҵλڶֻǵһĻȫڶ壬
ַѡ񣬾ǾúпܾľҸۿںֵźš
ۿںֵĹģ϶ǲҺľӲӲۿںֵķӦҲҰһǳ档
δҪۿںֵ˻᲻ۿںֵĹǾкϷˡ
ʱ仹ӾҪ۵ʱһдźװ˴ȾͷΪ׵Ż׵ͷͺӡżɫƵˣΪڱ˵ĵϣǲûԼһţò
ЩǸۿںֵ
ҰһŵλǣǶȿԿȥˣǱ߹ȴҰһҰһ֮һ£ֹĳ֮⣬ʣµļǸۿںֵεĸɲʣµģҰһʶģӦǱһ²ֵ
ۿںֵһɲںһˣ߲ơ
Ұһǽȥ֮ҲԼŵλվ˷ҵľүӡ
Ϊľүۿںֵе㷴Ӧû뵽ѾϡͷȻһⶼûУֻǵ˵ͷҰһѾ֪
Ȼ
ҰһḻһǼ˽֮ǿáŻ켣ȺעŸۿںֵˡ
էһۿȥǺͨıͲûʲô֮󣬾ʹغЩǴ˻ڵġ
û೤ʱǽµĴͶִӺۿǰ̫ƽ󣬾һһ.ҹʻһλصۿڡ
ִʻҲʾĿʼ
ľүھŵʱӷ˳
λӭλҵᡣľүӵľܺãñ˲Ϳվڶ¥ķִһźɫ˿޲壬Ұһ֪ʲôģװŵľıʯ֮ǡҲǸۿںֵ˵Ŀꡣ
չƷӦˣʵƷҲҷѾţ֮ӺֵﹺġľүúǾֱӿżɽʯѾۣʱҲ˺ܴõġ
˵⻰ʱûпۿںֵˣ·𲢲֪֮ǵ
ʵ˵ĲûдΪʯӺֵģֻǴӸۿںֵУǴӡϡ档
ϡŷΪһ֯ͼĳԱڣŷǳߡҲ鲼ŷ޺͡ϡȣۿںֵСһ
ľүӵȻ֪ۿںֵķ֮ʧԡ
֪Լŷ֮ǾǸۿںֵһšʲôأǴӡϡﹺıʯֲǴӸۿںֵ͵ġûбҪìͷ׼ԼҪǳ֣ľҿ϶ǲẦµġ
һССĺֵˡ
ҲʲôӰ죬Ҫ鷳ҲӦȥҡϡ鷳
ʵڤ粻ĻҲְæưǵڳ
Ҿűʯ˲Ӧءȴôʱ䣬ۿںֵڿ˿ڣⱾӦǶʧһš
ľүӴߡ
һǮģǶʧ˹ƷӦС͵޹ҡ


184 
ڴ氲ˣ˸ۿںֵԼľү֮,˵´ˡ
ȷǾµ,ǸҪԹϡ
ľҵĹϿɲ㶼ܳԵģҲǷǳ,Ȼҵô˵ָ
һܸɳ£
ڳ˶˼ۿںֵʲôطǲҪעģȻڵĸۿںֵʾ,Զʱ֪ȣֻһЩںں͸ֵϵ˲֪֯
ھͿڼ̵ʱڻཻ鱨óһۡ
֯ȷɼ,Բܸľһ˿һš
ֻ˵ıˡ
ôڳ˷Ǹ,ǾôŭҲܺ޹˼ɵ
οľʯĿƵˡ
ƶͨ˵Ǹͨ.֯ǶЩ˵ͷͬһˡ
ǱȻͲǸҶģֻҪǹٷģǸȻ֧,ǾͲҶ֡
վľүӿĶƵЩˣ޷ǾڸǣұǿģҲֻܸұš
·ϣתءǷô򵥵ͱø
ղľүӶľҲûз:ǺüǧԪܾôɵشˮƯ
˵ˣԩͷծ͵ǱʯĲľ,Ӧˡ
ǱʯֻҪûԼĶǴģʲôϵ˵ĻҲľүҲΡ
ѵǾñ˵ô
Ӧûٳż̳꣬ҲѾѡˡļӶôԼֻ̳ѡԼŮ
ԼŮƽʱԣ漰ϣǲԵģֻҪԼ֮ǰԼ˵ȥһ׺ʵɷͿԡ
ҵģҺͳ˾ҵĹӶѾ˺ʵ䣬ȻԼŮ˼꣬ҲǲС
ԾкüԻڲżľҲ·չӴȫһںССֵսġ
ĺ¸ۿںֵһʼҲøۿںֵҴϡ
ǲˣ𣿡
ⲢǲģԼʵ󡣡
վһ߱׵Ұһ̾һÿ˶Ҫ飬ѵĿԳ˵ͷ𣿡
⻰˵ûͷûԣ˶Ǻ˵ʲô
˼ǣ
ûʲôֻ֮ǰıˡ
ҰһԿϵϵжһжþͻʱ䣬Ҳֻвһµʱ䡣
ԭôţ
Ұһúõ˼һ¡
ƺڲȥȻԼıʦֳΪһ졣
Ҫ˵ûè壬ǿ϶ŵġ
ɭŷⲻһͨҽڸۿںֵ˺ܶҽݣʵһ
֮ǰߵġɭŸš
ӦֱӰɱˣȻȡ֮
ǿӣӦòɭŸ⶯֣ԼܰԼ
λһűʯɣҪʱλúõ̸̸ľү˵ò˶೤ʱͻãԱɡ
ľүջϵ֣ʾҰһŴżԼһƵĳԱȥֶһ档
Ұһһ̧̧°ͣ˶ʱ⣬Ҳ˹ȥľүӡ
ۿںֵҲ̧ȥ⼸ɲҲһȥ䣬ȴ˸档
̸
˭֪澿û
Ȼǲ̸ھͶҲûϵǿԸ׼ͧ
ɲҧվ⡣
ľүӵݣԺ˵Ѿ𽵹ôֵܻطò
οҲϲռ˱˵ˡ
ڿĻ̸վźѹѹһƬıںߣμмһߣ߶ɢɱ
ֻҪʲô߿϶ͻ
ⳡ̸ʱ䲢áҰһʱԼĪ˲20ӣ˾һǰһӷıҲûиղô˲
Ӧ̸ˡ
̶̵Ĳ20棬ӦùĹֵҲûг֣ûйûжżֵǵıʯ֡
ֻڲǳֵĺʱ
ҰһڵϣΧ˴ƴ֮⣬ľүӹӶİŶӣ˾ҪʯҲֻһ˿϶Ǵ򲻹ô˵ġ
εǮÿɲɡ
ûа취Ͼľҡ
ˣҰľүӴӷ֮ҵҰһƺԿҰһİٰ㲻ͷˡ
ҲһʮСӰˣȻʵǿˣҲֻһСӡ
ôʱ䣬ӦͲסįҪȥˡ
ְڣؿҰһܿתԼ̬ȣص֮ǰҶԼְ𡣡
ľҸǮ㹻ҲԿ
˵컹һϷ
ֻǡ
Ұһۣ֮ûзۿɼ˺ۣ˲ûзͻǴʲôЭ
ҰһߣҰһһŲߡ
ҰһȻһЦǳء
û¡
ʲôֱ׵˵ǲ
֮ûʲô˵ġڲ֮ǰҰһɴľܾĺ룬˵ҲôͲʲôع֮ˣûܶҰһ֣ѾƵĽˡ
Ŷѵʶ𣿡
֮ǰйһ֮Ե˲ɢˡ
ȻѻҪúùͨģʲô˵ľС
ϧڳ˶ľү˵ʱڷƨľүӶ˲Լġ
Ͳ˵Ҫ˵ġ
үиźɫµ˴Ӱ˳û˵ע⣬ſľүӶ˵˼仰ľүӴӽϿʼĺʱƣЩꡣ
ôˣ
˵˸ۿںֵ
˾ǳ嶯ľүӸ̾һ䣬ȥŶҰһ˵ϡ˹ˣϣúõĺϵһ£Ͳ÷ôˡ
ˢľͺˡ
ʱֻⲻ20ˣҪϵ˶ϣʤʿɲôߣ
ϡˣ
ⲻͺ
һùģõߡҰһ˻֣ʯͽҰɡ
Ҳ֪ǻʲôķ
ҰһĿ뿪ԭصһʵǺ棬ӿڴͳһɫֽʢűʯľչʾ棬֣˵һҲųȥˡ
ʵʲôҰһҲǺģò˶೤ʱͻʱصһ¾ھͿ֪˵ʲôˡҰһڵȵĿһϷײͨܿģ


185 
ƴֵϲһʼԤſͧģǳһ֡
ڿֵʱ, ľͿһ˰ա
ֵĹģľүӵֵĹģҪСĶ, ȴľүӵһƻͨ
ʱվּװϵϰ֮⻹ûгˡ
û뵽ľȻԳӭˡΪ׵Ľ˴һֹƵɫװ, ɧķɫһƬľүӴк
ɨ죬ȴûͣ, Ȼûаϡ
Ķ֣ȴΪʵĹϵûа취ʮֱ
Լֻ20ˣǺü, ĴľүӲһԼš
ֱֻܱϵ
첻Ǻˬ, ٲˬҲܵǵ¶ˬı飬ҪþԼȫԼı飬ҪԼֵù
ҴƴĽжһ, ĺҲܶҡֺ
˹νأľүҲЦʵɲҪ˵ż
̫ƽô󣬶ڿɲǿĺҪ˵ǹżǷƨҪûĿģܺһ̫ƽ
ҿ̫ڱһ֮, ƴĽ°ѿͧ
һĻļ£ᣬһҲ30ꡣ
λûдܵ˼෴Ǳųġ
ľձ쵱ҲҵҲйȫߵĽӴһЩ
ҲΪͻȻķƴĽ£ǽչ϶ǲܼȥˣϾ֮ǾǴϵġ
֪͸ˣȻҲȫյһ
ȥҰһȴŷ֮ǻȥҪӴ
ǰ°൱ȻãҰһԸƵ˾ǽ֮°װôԼ䡣
ľү˵ƴĽµĵһ¡Ƕ˵ƴĽ¹Щˡ
ͺǰ֪Լһ
ʵϷƴĽûһۣ˿ƹֱӺľү߽˴档ڷƴĽºԱǿۣƺ˼ͷӾʲôˡ
Ȼڳ֮˶ûоͷݺУټŷǱưˣڳ֮˷
ϵƺûаǹ˸ۿںֵʯ·ϣûϳۿںֵվǰ
ԭҰһýһĻǳȤڼ˹һҺĸоֳˡ
Ϊʲôһ㷴ӦûУ
ۺƢǺܱԼʯ϶ûдƢסԼ
Ѿǰ۹⿴ˡ
ƴĽµĵýøֱñҲǳϵ̸֮ǰȥԤһ£ɹһ֮ľүӵļԼһĵط
ľүӲûֱӴȥҵҰһҰһһȥ
ҰһƣľүӱʵûģǷƴĽº͸ۺڵ˶Уһͨ˺пܱ
ǹغ⽻飬Ұһ϶ǲģʲô¶ûǲźãҪĳʲô£Ұһ϶ҪȫΡ
ҰһȻͬ⡣
ƴĽע⵽Ұһ
λƵĸˣ̸֮Ӧòñ
ƵĸˣСӣƴĽ¾ȵüѵߵû𣿡
Ұһգգ۾˻ǲٵģֻڴ˵ϻֻһҰ۵Ļ뿪ҲǿԵġ
еٻص档
ˣȻˣǾŰɣ㲻ʧģ𣿡
ΪҰһڵ̬ǸСƴĽʶΪҰһܶвƸһֿЦ˼
ձҲţ̴һʣ̴ӿɲһСӹ
ǸСӺпܲ򵥣ĸȴʶĺûаϡ
ҰһҲֵ÷ƴĽûа£һߵĵɳϵһһڵĳš
Źϣڷֻʣ֮󣬷ƴĽҲúѣֱ˵йĿġ
ϣ԰ѷ֮ٻҿԳ˫ļǮƴĽ²ûкȲ裬ֻǶϣϣٻҡ
ΪʲôǶʯôȤأľүҲû뵽ƴĽµĿľȻǷ֮ǡһǰ֮Լ˫ǮȥۿںֵʯԵʯ޼֮ݵڷƴĽҪһν֮ȥǿԿǵĶͺܶˡ
ʵձҲйϵƴĻ̌ƤһµҰһû˵ĻǲǹѺһɬߡ
Ұһ˵ͷڻձӦûʲôȥǵ鷳
ɬڱƹڵ㣬ϳ˿ԿʹõȦ֮⣬ΪԷһʮس֮ͨûκߣҵԽӡ
ɬȫص߶ѣ߱ԼϮ״ңһʱϹô鲻ԭ򣬺˾ţ֮ŲȻɬ⡣
˺ܴľڵ棬Էֹʲô۶ӡ
ӳˡƴĽһ
Ұһͳֻ˹ѺɬļأֻĻǳϴµɬڵмĲϣ۾ҲţϴźɫȦߣŵ
ͨԶÿѽɬԱȥ鿴ɬڵȷɬʶǱ֮ŸƴĽ¿϶Ĵ𸴡
ǵĿ֮£ûӳȥ
ֺߣһӳȥ룬ֶοֻһܣؽʼǾһֱйעж
ձؽʱɬ廹ҪԽڽ˼Խץ֮ͷԽ뷨ʵʵĴڼ档
㿴һƴĽ½һӲƸҰһҰһɵؽ˹򿪱ʼǱԽӲ˽ȥ
ӲֻһһƵ
㿪Ƶʼš
ƵǴӼϽģӽǽϵĳһأûʲô˹ڽ߹ʮ֮һʱڳһˡһͷɫĳŰɫķ£ЬӺҲȫѩףֻ۾ѪҺһľƺɫ
˵ɬ塣
ɢɫֵԼԼֻܿһӰ
Ұһü
Ͻǵʱ䣬μӦʮǰϣռ¼ûдӼ뿪ȥô˵ʵԾдȷ
ܿͷ˲Ծĵط
ɬЩ⣬רߵġͨ˸˵Ǳͷ¼
ߣҰһԸĳ֪ɬͨĶ硣


186 
ڻͣ˺ܳʱ䣬ҰһԵһ, ʱ˴аСʱ
Сʱ, 浱вϴ˲ҽ
ƵֻаСʱڽ֮, Ұһſɢ¶Сԭò
С沢Ұһ鲼ʬ壬ǳҿһ, ղվɬҲʧͺƾʧһ㡣
ղŰСʱʱ㹻ɬܵҲûĵ
ֻһ¼, ˵ʲôкܶ˵ԽԼαװһˡ
ǲɬ, ǵĿĸͲǵĿһǰľķ֮ǡ
ͷ֮ʲôϵ
ɬ뿪֮ǰ֮ǡ
Ǿ鷳Ұȥ֮Ǵˡ
Ұһ˴˸绰ǽ֮ǴҰһҲͷ֮Ӵĸ֪ʯûκβԾĵطһŷǳͨʯ
ɬĴӵ뿪, μᣬ˷֮ǻ˰Ұһǲ֪ܲġ
û˶Ƶ˾ʹŷ֮ǹţҰһҷ֮ǽ˽ùͶ뿪Žʯ˼мĲ輸档
Կ𣿡
ľүָ֣ƽ⿪䣬ȻͳһͭԿ״˸ֻƳɵĺӡ
֮û˲֮Ե, ϧڳ֮˶û˼ʯƴĽھ֮ͬףֱӽʯץġ
˸רҵļһСʯǲʯȻһڣʯҰһжϵֻһŷǳͨʯˡ
ֻһͨʯıɬҲὫʯĶ
𣿡ƴĽЩţΪõ鱨ʵ֮õĴ𰸾ŷ֮Ѿʼǿŷ֮ˡ
ɬǿԽ˵.ɱʯһʼӸۿںֵǱùıʯӦþɬǿűʯ
ϵˣȫûбҪһС֯ʯͷ
֮ǵȷǳģǱϵĲƲ˵ʵǲֵһᡣ
ôɬԭҲΪɬܵԡ
.ıʯһͨ˵ϣôǸͨҲ
˲ʲô֯ǵֱȽϿ죬Ͻ˸˻Ĺһء
ۿںֵʯʱ򣬾Ǻ˲۾ǵıʯ֡һģһķƷһֶͣνʯ֮ΪȷҲķƷߡ
ۿںֵҲ֪һĿʯ棬ֻķƷʣµֻһƷһǱɬαᾧ
ľүӵһʯƷ
Ϻ͸ۿںֵ֯ȫܷһȽϣһǿ֯һֻԵ֯ᲢۣƴĽڿʱ򲻿ûϳֻǲ
㻹Ҫʯ𣿡
ȻҪҵǿžͲҪˡƴĽĦһеĲ豭
ڱȽֵһĿűʯһľүʣµŶУеžרҵʿļȫġ
ǡĿ棬һƷһᾧ壬ʣȫƷ
ʲôط˲
Զںĸۿںֵźɫװ׵̫Ÿ裬ɭŸһİ칫
ҵĸۿںֵܲİΪµ˶ȥ棬ֻһЩСආµβҶҲ¥ϣڵÿѶ
ɭŸڸۿںֵҲüˣټ˽ҽܲһĳԱҪߵĶ࣬ټݣߵȸոռۿںֵ̫Ҫ಻١
첻ڣɭŸǲùϰģɹˣһ̫Ρ
̫׾ץʱŶȻˡɭŸǰһ֮Ťͷ̸Լ̫˵
ʲôҪ£ץʱҲûѽ̫Ȼô˵ˣ·ٶȻǿ˲٣С˼ֽظ档
ɭŸİ칫Ҿ칫һ㣬¾βʱ˴ҽֱͨ칫ҵͨƽ·ǷģֻʱֱӴ
ȷǷ㣬нȫԴȣǴĳһַ˵ͨΪ
ֻҪԷȫԴȥȫ֪ɱ
ֻϧЩ̫ѵ첢ûаһϣɲѾˣȴû취˵һУСƵģԽøʲôԽʲô
ɭŸţҪķ칫ʱҲȰˣϧԷȫ˵ɭŸֻðư͵ĽܣΪжõ
ɭŸİ״ӵĿڴװһŸӵСıʯűʯʹôĻ£˸˵Ĺ
ɭŸߵղĵطǿűʯ˳ݸ̫ΣűʯǼֵǣСĶ˵Ļ൱Ѱء
ôֵǣɭɰ͵ŴҶѰ
ۿںֵôҲҲʯھȻɭŸɭŸԤıĽűʯ͵
˵̸ûбһ̲סȣȻǰ˸ץ
ȻڵǣµæϲҲɭŸ֧˳ȥֻܲİڼʱ̲鿴żصЩҲûзɭŸ̫˵Ľ̸
ĻɭŸյͽܻصԼķ䡣ص˷˻һ·ҩƷĹô¶˺һȺǽҪΪһСš
žǿֱͨ칫ҵͨԿ׵ˣֻ֮ɭŸ⡣
ɭŸԿ״ţ̫δӷ߹¥ݣʮؿվһȽǰ
ֻҪţİ칫ңҲҡ
֪ͨʵ٣ֻԼµĸɲ֪֮⣬Ψһ֪ͨľֻɭŸһˣּ̫Ρ
ĹͽˡվſڻûнȥɭŸ̫˵
°칫沢ûˣ칫ҵҲִڵĺֵ
ֻ캦ķǳرĻҲ
̫ιҲΪҪ̫ԼҴϡ
ɭŸڼ̫εĵһ۾ףӺԼһԲǻƽӹˣڿӵʱһֿԼʱĴ
ֻҪӲԼͻõѡ
ҸҾҲûð֣ӹɭŸⶪıʯǿŰɫʯ̫εȥαװһ¶ɫĽᾧ塣
εĺɫʯ͸¶ѪɫĹâͷǷǰ͸űʯɭŸ⣬ɭŸóԿ״ţ֨ѽһ
Ȼеűʯ֮ʧȥеĹ
ԭڱʯĺɫĹʧͱһͨͨĲʯͷɭŸ̫ⷢʯȴô⣬̫εûʯĵ̺ϣᳵ·ҵı䣬üе򿪱䣬ǿʯ˽ȥ
칫ûмصģɭŸֻҪ׾ͿȷԼڱκָơ
ɭŸ⽫ǿƽƽĲ鶪˽ȥȻš
ˣǽѾˣڿԻȥԷˡɭŸģǵǰԼµĺۼɨ
̫ûܿ칫Ĳþͱ֪жѾ
ôͽ𣿾Ȼô¡ء̫СرԹұΪǳմ̼ġ
ȻŲӦ
ôҲ֪飬СӿԲֵģһ֣ԼƾͿӭˡ
ôˡ
Ϊ׷̼


187 
ɭŸһμѾǵڶˣϴӺۿʻһλص˸ۿڡ
һȥ20, ʱһֻ
컹Լ߻, Ǳҽõ̧ģϻŸ, ɫףͷһ.ҹ֮ȫˡ
Ϊڻ֮ǰϵ˾֪ͨɭŸڸۿڵš
ڼʱɭŸǵһӭȥġ
ô£ɭŸһ, һ߶ָƣϵҽʩʵѾϵͨĶҽԺˡ
˺صˣӦҽԺ͵ɭŸ, ɭŸÿǱ߷ʲôȥҽԺ飬Ž콻Լ
ⲻùܵ¡ʣļɲɰͰ͵ѵ, źӴļ˾һе֮˹˵ĳһ̶Ĵصܲ
ɭŸûкӴӣ͸ۿںֵһƹȥ˶˾ͻ˶ˡôǿƲ, Ƕһҵ֡
ʵɭŸ˵ͷʾ⣬ɭŸⲻɫװûп͸ۿںֵһصܲ
ûʱɭŸ̽ѰĻᣬֱӴȥң״̬Ǻܺõק
ڼɭŸֵóϻ̳ϿֽŵӡһصңɭŸϵĽͳʧ, ԭĵı顣
ڻʶһֱûп˵ڲϣ۾ͷӰƣֻԼԼʲôԼ߶нײ̵ſɭŸǰ׼ûпڴߴ١
ãûиܵɭŸҩĴɵ۾˫ǵ۾ֱĶǰӰơ
ɭŸ⡣
ϧ岻ֹۣΪʮĺʵ˴˶١
׼еͣ£߶
ɭŸߵԱߣͷӰסͷӰƣͶһƬӰӡɭŸŹ쿴˵ϵı顣
ʲô𣿡
Ϊʲôʼ
ΪЩеû׼ںֵûʲôʽ֮ǰ򱨸µ豸Ҳˣڸûа취ء
仰ʵ
ɭŸⲻ֮ǰۿںֵĲ񲿴룬ϣǱ߿ԲµģϧǱ߸ɴĲ
ۿںֵûǮ
ǿ⣬Ͼ֮ǰŻǧԪ˼ֵƵķ֮ǣԭʣ޼ʽȫ꣬Ĺʶ췢ˣôܻҽеأ
Ǹʱ˭û뵽쾹Ȼᱻͽң֪ȱûа취ľ
ˣֵôûǮԭЩƲסĲ飬ΪķŭԿƣվﶯҲ˫Ƶ˵š
ΪǰѼֵǵķ֮ǸŪء
ʵɭŸҲ֪㹻Ҳġ
ΪҪʱ֣ܶû뵽ھͿʵ֡
ʱȻ˵㣬Ҳǲá
һлƿ֮Уԭļƻ΢һ¾ûˡ
ڽͽ֮󣬾͸Ի˸Եĸλͳ֣뿪ۿںֵһһ.ҹۿںֵƺûʲô⣬ֻв۵֯ǣڻûн
ڵĸۿںֵɾʲô粨ˡ
ͻҪǿ÷֮ǣۿںֵʽҲᱻͿգҪɶɶûе
ڱ˵Ǿ.ˣԱĹʡƽĳԣöòǮǽжڻǵȫתȥ
ôʣһʱ治˽֡
.ⶫһһ㣬ʱûвֽڹ¿ɲ˷ѡ
ԼҸľֻԼɭŸˡ
˵ŭĺ󣬾󵽿ԴȥҲûܰ
ɭŸǸҽαװ̨Ͽɲ
Լöֻ֣ҪϵеάеͿԡ
һûȥͻһȻϳ顣
ɭŸûжԥ͹صбҪе
ʧȥ˰Լе֮üֻǺѾþȫ˵˵ˡ
ֻ˲ʮӣ̨ϵѾʧȥе
ɭŸȷȷĲ֮ŽղŹ͵л򿪣Ȼ˱ʹı顣
ղӵǶʱѾ㹻ɭŸ⽫ֳαװþȫȵûȻļΪѾ׼
ԭǴڲ潫ɱģøո̫θԼ֤ģҲûʲô⡣
һԲᱻ˷ĹؼԹߡ
ҪɰСʦˡ
û뵽Ȼһжˣǰ߽ԼΪľȷһʧ
ͺǰ֪һ
ʲôʱСй¶ԼĴأ
ɭŸϰԼصļãȻ֪ԼСʦܷǳϻۣػǸȴûи˵ԼҪɱȡ֮¡
Ҫ˵ȷУô˵ҲһʦģҪ˵ǲ̫ܵģϾ˴ӵϾŸԵĲͬΪĿĲֶΣ˭Ұһһеб׼ˣȷøֶδԼĿĵⲢ᲻ֶΡ
Ұһóֽʱȷˡ
Ǹۿںֵֻ֮ͣҪڣӵ֮͵˾Ϳ˳֮ˣɲڡ
ҪãԤĽҪõĶࡣ
ȻԼҽݿ϶ֻۣҪǸλϣ㹻İ취ʣµЩʰķ
Ұһе֮ҲǶôɾŪģ֮ĻôŪأ
Լʱȫһ֪ӣͺһֱڹһ
ɭŸĦ̨һʹӡ
ۿںֵˡ
֮Ч̨ܲ棬Ȼ˾ȵǣȡ֮ĲһʼǼ̳ˣֻĸɲרŸ쿴ҽҲǸȵǸҽ
ݾͺѰζ˵ȵĺͼ̳еͬһˡ
Ѳ˶롣
˵ҽǲɱ죬Ȼȡ֮
Ǹɲ칫ҵ֮ȴǵв²⡣
ȷԼ֮ǻ˵ʲô
ֻǻѡһҽЩˡ
ȥɭŸæµæһտǵĸۿںֵ
ԭΪ֮Ƕĸۿںֵ֪һöȷ֮ǻҪĺʯ֮󽫸ۿںֵӽɢıԵ˻
Ұһع
⻹ԵһӰǵĻɽڳԭʯⶫڵͲֵǮҲСȽϲʯͷĻҿɲСʯͷԱȵģһʼҰһϲΪôȥټϴʱ֮ǰʯҰһԼϽ滹ôֵǮ
֪ԼıʦȱǮʱһԭʯȥ
ɭŸ˱ʯʯʯͷﲦ֮ǿ黹ûдĥԭʯֶڶ


188 
ۿںֵڽʯȥ֮󣬺ܿͳ뵽㹻ʽֱƷ, ˾֮, иҽʡ
ڵĺǳƽƽ˿ֲ
ǰĺ鲼Ÿָ֯, Щ֯ʱΪ͵̲ȥϵһŻ֯Ҫۺ̵һ顣
ҪΪɭŸɭŸûн͸ɲڵϢȥ, ǻô
ɭŸæµȣ̫ε¾Եøۡ
ΪɭŸģԭ̫ȥ, ɭŸҽҡһ죬Ϊĵ, ̫εĵλһӾͱóȻ㲻ɻҲû˸˵ֻܿԵû¸ֻɱ̫θɵۡ
̫׾ȻôеĻȥɣ̫ˡɭŸæ͵˵, û˶׸𣿡
һ㶼
̫°ͣԾؽӹɭŸݸĹ˵ʲôԼҰСѧ𣿡
ѾѧˡɭŸ̾һֿʼǰոմһ꼶꼶ˣ⣬Ӧûһп
̫Ҳ⡣
ҪҰһû, СѧܵԸɲһᰲֵַĴѧУ档
ڵ˵ѧУ˷ʱ䡣
̫α˾ţֻҪ룬ҲҵܱϵҰһֱҲ֣ʱѧȴͬһҵ̫ѡѧڸۿںֵҰһȥ˺ѧĸС
⣬ӦûںѧѧȻԺȥ˶ʿͲʿʱ˵
ҪһѧվȽŸ
ʵ⣬ǵûѧһͳݡƾٷɣҲܽͯǸɻٱҪȥ
ҰһȣƵȴѧҵҲŸոճ꣬п18궼
Ұһӳбҵ֮˸УȰͬС˺üҰһ൱ע⣬ֻҰһûʲôȥܱôϿʱ֮⣬пʱ϶˹档
ڲô̫ƽϾΪۿںֵ죬ΪľǸı״ԭҵĺ뵱еӡ
ͲʲôĽɫҲĴָ֮ۿںֵ֮󣬾Ѹײڶ֮ƽۿںֵһδͷβĸı䡣
֯һ֪ǶɭŸĴĸĸﱨԲ޳ɵ̬ȡǳ˲֮ͬ⣬Ҫֵ̬
вۿںֵԭĻҺͻᱻɭŸ׻øۿںֵֶ״ʧ
ۿںֵǵϵ鲢ܣǲ֪ɭŸôģҲûǵ鷳ȴ֪ۿںֵһ쳣΢û֪Ժʲôӣĸۿںֵ᲻úȶά仯
ڵɭŸⲢɣֵĲ˶֯ǰҲһĸ
ĸһֱڻɱ죬˽߻жȷɱģԽ棬Ҳһʼġ
ǻͷʹ
ҪԼõʽ⡣
ʱʽ㹻װԼĲװȥڸۿںֵ˲١Ϻǰ첿Ƕ԰ֵġͨĳԱǸûѡԼӪȨԸǾʹţԸ뿪ֵǰû⡣
ɭŸȶۿںֵڲƽ֮⣬ҪŬֲԼ
Ҫı䱾ӵԱվλ鷳Ч΢ɭŸ⻹ǾµԱ
ҵԱСආӵǿսԸһ档
ҲѾ˺ʵѡزƶһСɵ֯죺֮ԭҲ
ӵзǳǿʵҷǳθк͵Ϊ˽£ɭŸ˲׼ڻԼͽ̫ȥԽ
Ȼӵθвһأŵ㣬Ҳȱ㡣
򵱳ԭҲĺӣ֮󣬾һֱľı֯ĳԱ
ҪǣѸۿںֵɵˡʱ仹͸ۿںֵйĦ
ǲô˵ԭҲҲһֻ֯һЩСӰˣûԭҲǵսֵһᡣ
ӵսľֻԭҲһûб̲֯ԭҲΪԭҲڱǡǳǿԴݻӵǿߡ
̫εǳ⣬ȻûʲôսԭҲٺʲˡ
ɭŸе֪Լ̫οһҲ˵˼
ʱȥӴһСأϾɭŸ˼ֻܹȥϾԼʦ
ܱɭŸⶢϵ˲࣬ÿһǾƷʲôֵעĵ㡣ɭŸҪ£ġԺӦûڸۿںֵһֱȥڸۿںֵɭŸҲкֶܶ
һĸԸ
̫̫˽ɭŸˣһĺʲôûֹ
ֱ̫ƲˣԼȥԭҲ
ѧҰһʲô֪ǹϽľߣк߶ǵļܷΧ֮ڡ
ԭҲȻҲǵļ췶Χڡ
̫γֽӽԭҲʱǾѾ֪ˡˣǻô⡣Ǹۿںֵ֮
֮ԭҲʵǳǿԼԸһС֯ţҲûȥ֪֯зͬһ㡣
ΪʵڵĹϵƲûвԭҲĹ
ڸۿںֵҪ£ƾˡ
ۿںֵȲзչǱġҰһȴǸˡƺĸ紿һͬȻȨҰһ˵ǳз֮ԭԸۿںֵЩʲô˶ʱЪ˼ֻǳĬع۲ţûг
ɭŸ˼췢Ʋûвʱһ
ΪƵ˻ֹΪڶúԸ⿴ģҲƲԸ⿴ġ
ûгһ˼Ϊпڱ֧ǡ
һ뵽ԣɭŸҲ̲ס˷ǺȷϾЩԼĲ²ˡ
ҪԼҲѡ
֯ǵҲԡ
ԼɱǰλģһаѱҰһ
ɭŸ˼ȥֱӸҰһ˸绰ˡ߹հߡ˵һѣɭŸصõԼҪĴ𰸡
ڵƵȷڱǣɭŸ⿪ʼʦǲǸҰһ˵̹顣Ȼôôأ
Ȼ֪Ұһֻڵĺδӡ
սͱĳвϲС
ɭŸܹʱúָƽõġֻҪۿںֵܹҪ󣬷֤Ҳǲԡ


189 
ۿںֵ㵽ľƣ
Ͳͨ˿֪, Щÿδܵʱ򶼻кܴĶ, Ϊ, Ҳ縺ƺ, ǲƨɵĹ
ԭЩ, һ֯ǱҪһ㲻, , һʱ򻹻ףͨ˿ͱܿˣҲһ, ͨ˶ϰˡ
̫һûʲôԤףټƻָ, ˵ͨ˺ͽ
ЩΪʱսûֹ, Ѿͷˣڿս֮ǰѡûʲô˵Ľ, ֱ棬˲ٵ
ۿںֵ֯Ұһֹᰵ֧֡
ǲᲨͨ˵
ڴǰɭŸյƵľ棬ʱһ, Ҫټȥ, ǾͲԹˡ
˲֪ʲô֯, ֪ʱۿںֵһֱڶѾע⡣
ȷǱȽɵĳ, ٹܣʱͨʵ̫ˣൽûа취װ
ɭŸֻǹ沢ûжֵʱԼʲôϽʱɴڸɻ̫κԭҲ˻
ԭҲǳ⣬ΪʲôȴͿ԰Ѹۿںֵû뵽ɭŸָ۶ӡ
ҪѽѾЩˡ
һΪֵƵĹϵܺء̫ΰһ⼸Ҳûпô
ֵôҲûмƹ档
ڻûеҪֵĵ㡣
ѾҪɹˣû뵽ɭŸ⾹ȻʱǸ˻
ҰһԼİ칫棬ΪڵĸӲߣĵӻҪӸߣǰ滹淢ļ
ǶںʱĻҵĴ취ļ
ЩڸۿںֵΪȴֲ̫ںȥһ¸ۿںֵǲҪ̫ţӷɺ͹
ǰۿںֵҰһϣûкֵֶǵΪһֻ۱һֻۣڵȴòǼôȥˡ
Ұһǿһ桭
Ұһôۿںֵһѵ˽ǵʱ鱨ǱߴµϢ
Ϣĺʵһ˼
ۿںֵ̫κԭҲ˺֯һõߴˡ
ҰһϢʱʱǰһڣҲʲôˣֱĵ·
Щ̫⣬ҪԱǽ֮ͨǿɾҪеͷˡ
ȥǱ߿
ֻҰһʱ˵սѾһ䡣ֳҲ̶ãǴܵĵطѾһƬǽ壬ﻹеӡ
ǰһŸ汣֤֮󲻻£͸Ұһͱһ¦ӡ
˳սģ˻ЩģڿܹҰһʱǾȻʶһ
СѧܣþòѧУû𣿡̫Цʵôû㣬еˡ
ҪңǴܵʱѵͲܻһһĵط֪֪ܻܿͨ˱ǵսɷǳӵӰ졣
˿ʼսʱ˷ߵĲԣʱҰһܹߵ̯ӣ컹оԮҲ˴˴εӪж
ԭҲǸĵĺúӣһʼѪ֮ϾͷӦ˹Լղź̫εսп޹ܵǣˡ
Ǹҿ԰æ𣿡ԭҲ֣Сʵ֪ΪʲôǰԼСкһԵη壬ûйָо
ͺѹһ
ԭҲڵĻǿҲ֮һֻĵȼҰһ˵Ҫ˲٣λѹŵλһͷŵһҲŵȣʵǿѹʵģʵСǿ߲ԭҲĸоˡ
òҪ
ԭҲֱľֻȲ뿪Ұһߡ
ʵͦʺϾԮģæ֮ǵҡ
СӿҪۿںֵģôȥأ
ɭŸѾģҪԭҲۿںֵ磬òҪɹˣ˭뵽ҰһȻһܣҪȥҪǱɭŸ֪ԼûסǺɲԼܹеġ
̫γԭҲСʣʱŭ໨㣡˵˭Сӣ
һֱԭҲԶʹ15꿪ʼͣԭҲĸȴͬ˰˲٣Լ̫ͬα˴ͷԼվĽˣҪͷԭҲˬܾˡ
ֻԼȽԺ϶᳤ߵοԼϾڲ15ꡣ
˾Сѽ
ճ˵̫ҪӦԭҲͲסڳﻹһֵҰһһŸո13꣬ԭҲҪСꡣ
кӱͱȽ1617ͻȻʼߵҲûСټҰһʵѾ֪Լδߣ˶Գ²ô⡣
Լһ£һ¡
ҰһĿ̫ΣϾҲ13꣬Ӹְ߲ɡ
ӱͲߣټСȻڳһ˵СҲǲˬġ
̫գգ۾ɿĽһ䣺ΪСѧǳʵãѾǸŶ
һǸӣҪѧϰײСҰһԭҲȥԮȥЩΪսڷˣԭҲȥԭֻΪڵԭҲǸڻ
һֱƶûʲôʱȥ棬Լĸĸ֪˭ȻҲ֤
ԺҪڸۿںֵĻ϶Ҫһ֤ģɭŸⲻǲܸ׼ֻݵԲ˳õĻҲױǸۿںֵһѱԺ鷳һ
ԭҲǳʺ־Ԯʯͷ˺ѹͨˣԮжİ½е쳣˳˺̵ܶʱͽʣµľҪƺ;ɨβˡ
һֶȤζҰһ뿪ʱûиԭҲȥҪʲôɾԮ̫֮ΣֱӰȥģƵȴֱӳ潫˸˻ȥǸƲ֪˻ΪҪԭҲɱҪôأ
ԭҲҲƵĳƵƵܲҰһѾص˰칫ңʼε̯ӡ
ԭҲһµıҰһ´ȥǼϢգųͬ˵ĳ죬ҲҰһһײ˵
̹е֤
ô룬ԭҲȥȴԼ
Ұ޵ֱ


190 
ԭҲõҰһԼ֤ʱЩȡ
ٶʵ̫, ɭŸԼĻ, ҲҪüܰ
ԭҲһʼڵԼǲʲô, ȫû뵽ԼֻΪҪԼ֤
һֱز, ֪Լĸĸ˭, Ҳ֪Լĳ, ˵Լһˡ
û, ҪһִĳȥǷǳҴ粽еģǰһֱز֣һ¶ǺڳԺ, Ҳѡȥ򹤣ǡ򡱵ʵǶûݵĺڻ
ҪǰûݵҲν, ԭҲ϶Ҫڸۿںֵ, ֵȻڣô˵Ҳҵ, ǼԱݡ
ԭǷǳл
ȻΪʲôȻɭŸ⿴صҾͲ֣ȻֻҪҵĵߡ
ڵĵ߻Ǻܵ͵ģֻҪΣİȫûʲô, ɭŸںЩ, ԺİҲһ, ԭҲҪԺ֣һֵľ;ɭŸ⡣
ģΪԭҲǸۿںֵΨһ, ҰһǰԭҲӴܶΣֻҪߣһСʹ
ΪʲôΪһɭֵ¹أԭҲҲƣȫȥ֯ģһҪȥۿںֵ
ΪɭŸⶢϵ˶ӵɣ˻ӹĵġ
ĳȽŮӡ
Ұһ˳һͷֻҪĻɭŸ⻹ǺܺദģԺһԸɵɭŸλġ
ԭҲ⻰ҪǱɭŸָҪġ
ԭҲֱҰһ˳ȥҲûа͵زֱ֣͵˸ۿںֵܲſڡ
һλźɫͷŮѾſڣ죬ȴһʺɡڼԭҲʱһĨõЦݡ
ԭɡβҶɡɡݸ£һʱ䣬ѵ
ԭҲɭŸ⽻βҶԼԴ̫ΣصԭҲβҶδҲǱԼ̬ȣ˶βҶΡ
βҶ׵С˸ۿڻյһchoker͸ԭҲ
ںۿںֵ˽֯Ҫ͸һҲ˵Ҳһɱġ
βҶ֯ԲɭɣβҶѵĺӡȻҲͳɭɡ
ԭҲۺɭŸλòĵǰɵȻҪһԭҲ
޿Ǹ¶ͲסԭҲʵǳǿ
㹻Ǽɵ
ԭҲĵټϱνȴøۿںֵѵõƽûңۿںֵʼȽķչ
ۿںֵȷͬԼԤһ˷չҰһŰ
̫꣬βŻ뿪ۿںֵȥԼһʦΪʲôŻᱳɭŸţ
Ұһʵ벻ԾͲˣǰ̫ʮᱳѸۿںֵǸ¸
ʱ൱죬Ұһ˳ıҵû˷ʱһһһʱȥ˺ѧĿǰǴѧ꼶ڶ
ѾʮҰһѾû˼ǰһۿȥСӵΣҲᱻС
Ѿ˲֮Ƽ̫ε׼

Ұһ뵽˲֮ǰɭŸİʾ˼Ҫôô
Ҫʹ֤
ʹ֤ʲô˾õģõʹֻ֤֯оܹؿ֯
ۿںֵ֯ʱЩ΢ʹַ֤ǳУҪصѡ
ۿںֵ߲٣⼸սʱηηŵģΪûʹ֤
еĻǸۿںֵʱ᷽ܶࡣ
ɭŷ֪Ұһʵ˼ѯʹ֤ʱҲû̫ޡ߿ڷĻһ¡
ɭŷ˳ҰһҲʼۿںֵ䷢ʹ֤¡
ۿںֵڵķչǳɹۣɭŸֶΣټµļԱɽܿͽҵĺʰ׵ԭܶвļ֯ҲѾĲ
ڳ֮⣬ֻʣ¸ۿںֵԼոտʼðͷװ̽硣
3ȶĽṹ֧İȫ
װ̽Ѿмʹ֤ˣɭŸ⻨˱ȸԤƻҪʱ䣬ȶ
ò˶೤ʱ䣬ʦ̹Ϳʵˡ
Ҫľһʹ֤
Ұһǵøۿںֵʹ֤ģǵôŪʹ֤ģҰһȴѾȫɾˡֻǻ㱼ǵúΪֺ֯
ҰһҪɭŷʹ֤Ÿпȥɭŷʹ֤˳ٽ̸УȻһô
ǽȴҰһļƻ
֯mimic֪Ϊζ˺пںƽ
ǱҪƻǲһʼͳֵģһ֣֯һӭӦǱص֯
һ˵ȳֵĶǸۿںֵ
mimicԤıһͶŸۿںֵĸݵ֣ƺҪŭۿںֵ
Ұһȥɭŷ⣬ɭŸ⻰ﻰ˼ǣ԰ʹ֤ĻǸۿںֵͿٶȽmimic
ʹۿںֵʹ֤ҰһֱӽѾ׼õ֤ɭŸ⡣
ɭŸû뵽Ѿõʹ֤Ȼôɵľ͵ô˳ȻЩʴӡ
̫εĻѣԴȡʹ֤˭뵽ҰһճƣֱӾͰ֤
֤ҸˣϣҪκεԱҰһ˵֯Σϣ㲻ҪǵŬΪשߡ
˼ǵɭŷǵñú仰ɭŸ˼͹һ180ȡ
ھԼ
׼κһ˵˼ѵ̫ȥҰһû뵽̫ξȻΪԼز
ֱӽԭҲ֧ȥصģϽԭҲ˻֮֯һȥmimic
ɭŸmimicôãԶǣĿľΪʹ֤ĿѾﵽЩпܻúÿֲmimicûбҪںȥˡ
ɭŸΪ˸ۿںֵκһˣԼӵѣҲûа취£ڲߵһȻõġ
ԭҲɱmimic͵£˵ȷ鷳ԭҲ˺ôľŽɱ
һжѾ䶨ʱ֮֯ȴ뿪ۿںֵľ
ԼĺӲ㱻ըʱ뷨
ںֵȷ׬ܶǮЩɥĲȴ޹ǣԭɲǰĺǵĻ֮֯Ҳ֪Լڻʲô
֮֯ǰԼ˵һΪԵ׽ڰЩȴףһõδƺѾµʲô̫Ҳûǰһ˵Щɧ
֯û֮Ҫȥأ
֮֯λ˵ҪԥƬ֮ǻشλ˵⣺֮һȥװ̽磬
Ȼȥװ̽磿ѵԺҪȥһ̽Ȼдһ̽ڰ²۵⵹Ƿ룬ʵҲͦõģڸۿںֵҲᶯ֣ɱˣװ̽Ӧûʺ㡣
ܶ˵º¶ûʲô𣬵룬ȻûʲôĻΪʲôȥأ
֮֯⻰̫ǶԼ˵ģ⻰̫κȾƵĶһ˲
ѧ̫֯οʼ壬Ժĳˣһģ֧㣡
ˡ
֯Ҳ̫䵭˰ɣһμ滹֪ʲôʱأ
ҿɲϣսϼ㰡̫ס
￴أ𣿡
֮֯˵ͷ


191 
ۿںֵĸɲ̫ˡ
ҰһյϢʱ, ̫ǰ, ĴҰһİ칫ҡ
źɫµȴƵĺɫ, һɰɫԶЩķ, ԭϵǵıҲһ󲿷, ˬ˺ܶࡣ
Ҫϴ𣿡ҰһѻȵĲƸ̫, ̫ϴŶ
˵Ǻ鷳ɡ̫Це˵, ڵЦҲںֵʱԵЦݣЩãСǳϲ͡
ɭŸʱж̣, 뿪ۿںֵôˡ
ϴ֮Ҫȥ
ȥװ̽磬֯һ𡣡
֮֯뿪ۿںֵʱûơ
ϴ֮Ѿϴɾˣ֮ǰȻڸۿںֵ, ǹҿļ¼ʵǸۿںֵµͨ˾
¼֮֯ǸͨĹ˾СְԱ
ǵĹϵͦõġҰһָ, ϴǲУʲôôأϾҲʲô֯
ҪƸɻɲʲô׵, ҰһŶȣմʲôһǳĺɫװڻźɫ, Ʈһɵ, ǳһζ, ǳš
ѵҸаǸ𣿡
ҲأҲҪˣ̫߳ˡ
ôô˵ǻ, ֻǱչյۿںֵʧꡣ̫ư˼䣬󽫻ع⣬ҿԸɻӦòɡ
еĶҰһ۾
̫ɫĳ֮⻹ͷԣôĵط̫δָ̫εİƵ⼸һƵʰθһصġ
ȻɱˣƵܽɱ

Ұһ̫δʱԵĺҰһԼǽһͶ̫ΣͰԼֱǼӰɻȥˡ
ƣ̫λڰᡣ
ڰҲڰmimicҲв룬ʵͦεģ˼֮˺ʲôûзһһȥ˼һȾƵĵطһȾơ
Ϊı仯ɣٱϿ˵Ĺϵûʲô仯
̫εĹӹɣڶ̶̵ʱͨԱĸɲλ棬Ѿ˵йȻɭŸĹϵɭŸⱾͷǳ̫εģѹ̫εļ԰ۿںֵλ
ɭŸЩ̫ԼԴȴԴԼǳɵ̫ȴȴΪĲŻεһ֮µλá
̫εȷûй
ϰʱϲ㣬Ѿ£㣬ҲȥĽɭŸһʼԤڡ
̫Ƶ⼸˵ΪľǸƵºӡǿԼϴס
һʼĿľͷǳȷ
̫ζִ֯Ҫ˶ˣƵ˻Ϊ̫ε֯
ҰһûرΪ̫Σһʱ佫ѹեɾŰ̫ζװ̽硣
Ұһûк͸ͼӴװ̽ʹ֤ȥģ飬ڼǿʦֵܣܰԲôɾ̫ζȥ
ǰ껹һ֯ȥ
̫һȥװ̽ˮֲ˼һζûлżڽ̫ζǺ֯һ֣ƺ˴
ҰһƲƲ죬еˡ
ȥһºˡ
ҡδѾı˰ɡ
ǵ֮֯ӦѾ˲ŶԣҲûȥװ̽硣
ǶҰһ˵Ѿδڽʱʱ䣬֮֯ӦþδıһҪڵ㣬֮֯Ѿˣô̫ȻҲ뿪ۿںֵǲһġ
ǷѾҵأ
ڸۿںֵԭҲǿ˺ܶࡣ
Ұһҳ˱Լھ飬Ǳ鱾ΪԼõͬһĶԴȥ֮ҰһҲû뿪ÿ첻գ˵ĶûС
Լ˻ҳ
׼˯ʱּҰһ
Ұһ˷ĵ壬ҳд˵ʲô˻ȥȫ̲һӡ
飺
˸£
ôҲǹ壬ôֱĶԴ裿
ķһȥ̫ء
̫λ쿴ɵʲôģԼĺĵ
ǿԿԼ汻дʲôģԼһԼ֣Ұһдָһ¡
д
Ұһѵû˵ڵ࣬껹񣬵ʵ̫ܳʱڵ档
Լо˺ܾãȴûиоʱš
ֻǾҰһȥ˸ô⻹û೤ʱͻˡ
ϻȥʱƲڼӦǻħӰֻ࣬ʲô鱻סˣƷʼѯõںϵĻظ
Ұһֻ˱ȽС䣬Ŵȥںϵ
ںͰһ׷ʲôϻ칷ӣǱ߻֪ڸʲô
ҰˣϳҰһҰһЦŴкܹк䶼Ӧһ·С׷˹ǡ
Ƿʲô𣿡Ұһʵô칷Ӷˣ
ΰܺãΰ칷ƽҪˣһǳ¶ʱԱһһܵĺʲôƵġ
ȻҲпܾһͨ͵Ի֮İ
칷Ӵ绰Ȼ󻹲˵ش칷ӵĹҲŻţһѰҴ绰ˡƼҰһŷ˽Ųţ˵ͷͰһ뿪
ҵ˭𣿡
ҹ漧Ѿ˴绰˭ȻҲôҡ
ҹ漧Ұһ˵֣˵ֻҪձ˾ͻ֪˭
˸Ͳһ˰ɣôţ绰أ
ôϵһ𡣡
ҹ漧˺ţò԰ÿδ绰ʱ򶼲˼˵Żᱻţע⵽
ţһݴȣҹ漧ĸţֱӹ˵ġ
û̸£
ǿ϶ģΪϲĲţˣҡưһ˵ҰһðɵĻԭǱſֵ̬ѯʵģû뵽ѻֱӾյԼϡ
ԲУҴӦ군ˣ
ôԼϹеİɡҰһסԼĸ첲ԶĻսƺѾˣҹ漧칷ӵһվһߣмոţһҪִˡ
ҹ漧۾һŹƣһ£
ͷһҰһѯҰһͷ˼һ֮󣬾ŹƵĸ첲ڵҹ漧Ҫ֪ҵ˲ܹģ


192 
ҹ漧͹ƻйһ֮Ե, Ƕһǧ֮ǰ, Ұһûгֵʱ, Χ֮ദһһҹʱ䡣
ҹ漧Ҫٻ, ٻǿĹ, ٻ֮, ƾܾ, ҹ漧һֱĥӲҪùưæ
Ȼʧܡ
ƳӲԣοǸе䣬ָܲΪ, Ժɺܴĸţʧʡ
ƷǳϿҵظҰһһ¸ղҹ漧ΪʲôʶԼΪ˾ǲҰһᡣ
Ҫǽ, Ūͥ¹ʰ
ǰҰһΪϲ, ʱΪЩ˾ϲҲͻǰϲҽɣ
ǽţҲֻҹ漧ܸɵĳ
ϲƵ˲, ϲҰһҲǵƽ¶ղģʵǺܽţһȤ
Լɡ
ȡ
ûɿҰһ, Ұһֱ֮, ߵһƬҵҹ漧칷档
ƣ 㿼Ǻ𣿣ֻʮҹ漧˷ܵİԼǰ칷, 뱧סƵĸ첲ʱһֻ첲ֱӵ汧ס˹Ƶͷ˹Ƶļϡ
ҹ漧
˭ѽ
ҹ漧ҲǴ, ҲûҪɳһҵĸһڣںϵĵסЩһֱûô˵Ϣţյɧŵ绰Ǹ벻ںϵȻôһˡ
Ҳڼ֮ġ
ƵִҰһϣ֮ܵķΧֻҪ۾˾ܿ˹ϵ϶һ㡣
ãǹƵİˡҰһһվǿңʲôվú˵Ҫֶŵġ
ҰһƢǶȻһμŮֿ˵ģǶԷеС
ʲôѾ𣿣ôңҹ漧һ˵ӣ㾹ȻŪ˼ҵĸ飡
֪һжҹ漧һԸڳĹڻûסһŤͷȥ
һ仰˵ĺǸĸĺƵģùüͷһҲǣûУ˵ţ᲻˵ġһڣͰѹ˦ţϡ
һʼҹ漧Ҫҵľţ裬ֻǹæģΪʲôҪǵһɧ
һҰһ档
ø֮ġܵŵġ
Ʊ鲻䣬ҰһȴԾս
䣬Ұһָͷһ⡣
ֻΪ廹࣬ȥʹģƸӦΪֵҰһ
ҲǿԵġ
ҲѾˣǲᱳҵӺͺӵġ
ῡţ費ƯӣѾĺӣڳˣʵи֮
ҹ漧һܴӡ
ΪʲôΪʲô˶Ѿ˰
Եֵ˰ɣǿġҰһ־ûӹ뿪С㻹ᣬԺкܳʱҵԼأҺ͹ƽôãľͷһʵ֮һ
Ұһûƣ֪ڿ
΢ʧء
ķΧЩ֣һȻѾ⿪ˣǾɢˣϾ칷ӻĹҪæء
˫һ̨£ҹ漧һƨ˵ϣĲ:Ҫɸ㣬˵ŮԲУ
ڵҹ漧СԣԴʲôҲǸδСŮῴţ͹ҲΪǵǳɫ
úÿ˶жˣҲûȤ
ȻǻҪæǽˣСô㣬ԺиϲСġִܿ˾񣬴ӵħһʱʲôʱҲҪȥħô㣬϶Ҳʮ㣬ҾͲҲѣ
ҹ漧׷˹ƣҰһһڲڵ̫ãȺ͹ƻȥˣԱ㣬Ӧò¼ڹ˰ɡ
á
ţ֪ҰһǻˣҲ֪֮ڲĵԽž뿪ˡ
ƽպã쵽ıĵطˣ
ڲˡҰһûɿ֣ɺ͹ڽϣϵϢ͵̫һǻ˵Ϣ
ҪǴ䶼ʶҰһƾֱӱþץȥˡ
ж೤ʱܻʵ̫ˣ̫ˡƵͷҰһͷӦû˰ɡ
ûв´Ļʮ꣬ӦȥʱӦþͿԻصˡ
ǸʱҰһͲòδ顣
Ӧò˼ˡҰһˣԼԼôԤУܹʱ䡣
ʱЩľ˵ֵǮĶ뿪ʮʱ䣬˶ûиоȥãͺҰһֻ뿪˼ѡ
ȷǷǳ΢ʱ䡣
ҰһżصҲȥʱһҰһȻٻ
˵ĹϵѾߣ˵Ĺϵȴط־һҰһ͹æʱģһ궼ԷǱȥҲйġ
ﲻ˵ʵ⡣
˶֪֪ףɾͲ̫һˡ
ϲҰһһҲ٣ȥѧʱСΪҰһԴס
ò
켸ȥ
賿㣬ϻй̫ȥ
Ұһ˵ӽӳȥɬ壬ǼһرΣգܵķҲ׳⡣
ܣпб˵İ
üЩǳԸɷ𣿡
Ҳ˵ǳԸɷɣֻһ߿ûа취սʤԼǰȻʵɬҪǿö࣬ɬҲֱüʲô˺
ɬΪԱǲᶯֵģҰһŻص
ϵҰһΪǾ䡰֮Ķһ㡱˴ۣڶһȥץ˵ʱɫеףһޣȦ滹һȦɫ˺ܶࡣ
ڰվҰһ
һҪҪϢһ᣿ɫеѿǰҰһЩʣںѹ
ãӦͺˡҰһڰ֣ҽȥˡ
˵գӶʮߵĴȥһͷӵС
ڰſ̨Ե۾װļؾ죬ֻǿǿһ㡣
Ϊ˵ɬԲ棬ȴжΧԼ̫Զ
սҲҪЩȡʱ佫ɬĵطҳ
ڰһ߿һָۣżƺ鱨Լжƿʼɻ
ʵ䣬û˶ų⣬ֻ߲ܽȥ
ҰһվӵģԶԶ˲ԶĴ
һԼȷһӰ춼ûУһԾѭȥ
Ұһ濴֮ˡ
һҲʵİɫ³㣬ɫƤѥñӵˣɬվĶ档
ϺáҰһͻأĳ֣վڽֱߵɬ˸к湻𣿸ûȥˡ
ɬڼҰһһ˲䣬ɫѿ˼㣺Ѿ𣿡
ûս
˵û뵽ҰһȻʱ֡
һ˵**ossǶŻΪս۷壬ҰһӦھսʱ֣ստʼ
ⲻղ𣿣
Ϊ̫ˣûа취ءҰһָɬ壬ɬλӡñӾλսǲǿͣһأ
Ұһ֪ñеģ˵ֲƿڣ۵ʱѾˡ
ֻʱ𣿡˼üȷЩԤϡ
˼ȻѡǾͿ϶Ժĵ飬鱨鲼޺ŷޣټ¸ַûпġ
鵽Ұһʵͦͨģʮ꣬ѧʵ㲻ʲôֻҪʵÿ˶ҪҰһҪһЩҲѾõ˲֤飬ֻЩûʲôá
ǳ֮⣬Ұһеķ棬ֵķǳƽ
ٳѧϰɼԼ֮⣬Ķͨ޼
һκβԾĵطȻԶԼ̽飬Լļƻ
˼ס죬¶۾ƽ޲
Ǿôͨһˣȴԡ
ʱֵģ񲻶ֵĻͲ̫ˡ˼δ䣬Ұһıһˣ
ҰһŤͷ˶ߣŲæץסĲӣֱӽӰиקݺݵ˵ϡ
һֱӽС¥ķƣĳ赲ڳ֮˵ߡ
ɬ˻ǰĻҳȵҳ΢£ɬȴҲҰһӰˡ
˼ҲӰ
ɬ󾪡
Ұһ˵еľᣬ͵ϮǸ˵ģһ˼װ˽ȥ
˼ôţƣֻҪûа취ľᣬͲκ¡
Ұһߵڰ˸绰ɬ棬Ȼɬ壬˺һϡ
ĴӪ
Ұһ귢ȥֱӸɬһ䡣
óԭӦǷģЩȫ͵˳ڷһһͬȴСͬģĺɫˮ
Щˮţǳ𺳣ֻˮȻһģһɢϢȴͬÿһŶжԼζЩˮȫѾȥߵ
ɬɱͻɺɫˮΪãЩеսƷ
ƴĽҪѰҵҲ˳ˮ
֮ڰǾͿ׼ȷĲ׽ҰһźˣﲢڰĸǷΧ֮ڡ
ôռǲЩǵˡҰһһڷƵ˲ŲأǶлˡ


193 
ھ˼ɫڡ
﷭, ץ, Ҳûоš
, ĻȻô
ȻǶѷĵط, ʰľ, ɸı䲻Ƕĵط
ҪҰһܾûгֹ, Լˡ
ҪõĶ൱, ϶ǷŲµģԾͽĶȫ˾棬;ľһ
Դ˼ʱ, ҰһҲûж룬ͽǸ˳
ȥ˵õĶʰʱͷˡ
˼̽⴦ʱ, 淭ҳ˲ٶ˵Ķ
˼˳, ׶غ档
Ұһ겻ǲʮ𣿲ʮô
˵ձ˶ܱء
˼ƫһ˲˼ͷķѰõϢ˵, ıҵ˲ٺö
˵һĿʯѡ
Щʯûо滹һɬƤ
Ͳס¶ĵطǳۡ
ȥһ£ȻȫǴ൱ߵİʯЩȥ, ͿάƼʮʽת
ܻߣ
Ȼ, λõˡ
Ҳôɾ
*
һû뵽ԼܾܵȻԼôһ
Ȼ͵ܵһƹ, ԼĵλҪһЩǹƵĿƳȻû˵ȥǻЦ, кܶೡϣԼûҲϯ
Ҫ˵ǲܵģҪκһˣ˷ԼȨҲһ׵ĵܵܣȻ类ֶγˡ
Ұһ뿪һڶϳȥʱ͸Լһš
ɬЩĺˮȫ˻
ǰҲ֪ɬԽ˵ǸҲɬˮĵص㣬ҵĶ١
ʱ䳤ˣҲòţɬĺˮȫʧ
ǶΪѾʧ˵ĺˮСɽ𺳵ʧȥ
ЩӦɬЩѼ㿴ϲĸͿӵˡҰһһҰһǰ֮ϴ˼Ү˹
ȻҲôһ˲þȣֽ˹εȻйϵ
µˣ
̽Ӽ֮ĳԱۼһûҲ˸ұȵģҰһûôע⣬һȻ˿з˺ۼƲı
˼Ү˹ץ˻ָ鷳ʱעЩʵڲоһֱơ
ǻκβң㻹ѡԼ˰ɣҲԱҪ趼¡
ĺˮǧöɬɱԶֹˣڻûаĿȼȥʱ͵͵߼Ҳ˷ֻ֣һҲûʲôϵ
ҰһʵҲyyԼʲôģҰһʵʱе㲻˼Ұһһ˵ǵвƵǱЩ˼ѡһѡһݷܣȻָԼĸѡʺġ
ҲСˣҪ϶ȥģֻҪԼУҲǿ
ڰսƷϽ֮ǰȸԼѹεô
ҰһҰһѡ˼ʣµ
ЩӦ÷ֻǷǼﻹƵĿⷿ
ǰϷһ֮ڳ˼ɬ塣
ɬ˼İԽǳӣɱɬЩ᲻ãпܹؽλں׵棬ֱôʱٽӳ
˼
˵ôͷǳˡ
˼ǶˣڶȻҲ֯ɲͨĦֻҪ˼Ϊ룬ͿԺͶǽЩ
൱ڰõģҲ˼¡
˼˺׵˹Ҳ취ԽκڵĵطҰһľᣬӲѴƵ˵ϣǹһͨ໹Ǵ´ġ
˼һʼ֮̽Ϳʼͼ磬֮֮⣬Ҳϵ˥ʲô취ûа취ĵطȥ
֪ԼΪҰһҰһҲѾŵװס
治գ˼ֻ˹ϣʱͣһ̡
еİ취ûа취˼ϵ磬Ի˸
˼֪϶ӦҰһռ棬ֿռ͵ǳϡУȫ綼ûм
ȻѾǾֱӽռ˸ץȻɱͺ
Ұǿ̸̸𣿡˼ͷ컨λãǡ֮һԺúõ̸һ£⿪
֮䲢ûʲôѽҰһ˷˽úϢò˶೤ʱ䣬ͿԻعˡ
ع
ѽƺһֱšҰһһľֺװ˱䡣
ϣǺͶƾͻڹѣһֽǮһֽ
Щ
ҰһְѾ˳
ôˣ
ҷģһ͵ȥ
ҰһûҰ˼ŵȥһǸ˼֮жһ԰˳ȥȻһһ档
ȵȣһͻȻ˲̫ԾĶ
ôˡҰһƣЩƮڿУɴһ
һء
ղſĿ϶Ǵ൱Լ۾Ǹղһġ
һһ˴۵Сۡ
ô£һǶֶڶһһͷƤ顣
Ƕؽôˣ
һ˼ղ淭ҵʱȫŪˣ
Ұһʵһʼûڳ֮ǰ̹Լѵ£ʵѵҲûʲôһ磬ϲʲô͸ʲôĸҲ˳ⶫ̫һ
ĸδ̸Ⲣǻδ⵵¡
㡭һӣ˭ҵС
С
ͱ󣿡
Ůġ
ŶŮġһʶӦһŮģһ۾ˣ
һŭɶҪ˶δ꣬Խһ鲻ԽǶԷǸеģǸѾ֪꣬նĳˣ
һƮҴ󡣡
ǡ𣿡
һ˵һǧȫ׶ˣǿһıŭɶƣҡҡͷûУ
Ұһķϣһһ
øѧֱӽⲻ˵Сװֱ˺ķ飺㲻Ҫƭҡ
ո˵Ұһ˵ͷ
һҰһʼһЩ֪ʶһŰӦţɶҲ˵ȵɫҰһŰѶȫʰãװ˼ı䣬˴Ǳ߶ʡ
׸Ķˬ
Ұһ֮󣬱˾ͻ˼ҡ
ҵʱѾҹˣǼȴƻͨһ˶û˯
Ұһ򿪴ţһˡ
һڿҰһˢˢŤͷҰһվſڵҰһüͷһôˣôû˯
һҰҰһ֣Լߡ
Ұһһͷˮ˹ȥ
ϵʱ˵˸ѣ


194 
Ұһ̾Ļص˵
ǰŸոջ,һʱ,Ӧò,Եȥʱ,ƻ˯
Ұһڵ岢֧ƵĻصҪһļ,ڴһʲôҪ,Ұһѹƴӱ˯ѵʱ,ѵû
Ƿʲô𣿡
Ұ軹Ҹ磬ǰ췢ǵ顣Ұһڴߣ˵Ҫһ㡣
Ϣû뵽ԼȻҰһϢ
һôʱ䣬ûмԷĸĸ
ƵΪĸѾ,Ҳ֪Լĸĸ˭,Ұһǰһֱûлᣬл,Ʒûʲôʱ䣬ټҰһ⡭
üҪҵĻǲǲֱȽϺã
ͲôҰҲʲôˣֻҪϲǾͲֹǵģᶯִ㡣
Ƶ˵ͷ
¿ɲҰһ˵ô,ĸĸǳĳ谮Ұһ,Լĺ̸,⵹ûʲô⣬ֻǿԼǺòİײ˵ߵֻ
ǻ,϶ᰵԼ
һӲ̡
һô˵Ҳû˼˯£һӦĸǱѾԼȥĻҲܡ
ͳֻճ̣ѰĳһĹȫƵ˺棬ճһʱΪҳ׼
ȥĸʱ϶ҪģһҪľҰһΪȥ޼һԼͷԼӢʿһڼʱûסЦ˳
Ƶȷ˧ӢһҵģֻҪ㹻˧ܶôķͣholdסַǳΥ͵ʣôҲ赲˵ġ
ϴŲԪװλߵʣļҵĹ͸Ÿ
Ҿ㻹Ǳƽ״̬ȽϺðɣ˾ءҰһҲæ׼ŵ̹˵ҲǳȣĸȻѹƴȥΪԼĸԼ͹Ʒֵġ
ȵԼһ죬Ұһʼһֱǳùָָ⣬ֹš
ΪǣֻҰһһԼһĸĸֵܣҲһֱϵھӦӲϾĸ谭
ѾڸԭϹĹҲ
ͺүֹǼһ
ҰһһᵹùҲǲܽͣƻôƵĵùǾͷǳѰζˡ
ǣӰ쵽ùù˵С֮ˡ
ۿʱһһȥûа취ΪԼҲҲ⣬ȥԼİ
ȻԼͷõ˴𰸡
ڻʱ򣬵Ժĵ˿Լʱſȥ
ΪʲôԼҲǺ
ƷҪȥĻǱҲûʲô취Ͼǹ񣬾㱻ײˣҲʲô£Ұһļ˾ֻͨ࣬һλŵùδܵӰ죬Һпڵùʱʲô⣬ⲢΣǻʵġ
ƷǳΣҪҰһͨһ»һ죬Ҳһ֪пܻļ˺ʱҲܿͬ
·ص˵Ҫȥնɱy޲ҵӡ
ΪǸʱ򣬹޲һֱ뷽跨ֹǣڹȥԼĸĸҲһֱȥʵǲݵ롣
Щµļһ᲻һɡ
Ұһ˵ԣҲеǱߵ˼ʱԣӦᷢʲôԲŲһ𣬵ȹʱ䣬ʱ֮Ϳˡ
Ȼ˶֪ʱ쾿Ҫȵʲôʱ򣬹ֳȥѰһ١
ֹ£
һֱûܵȵƵҰһһΪҰһѾǸ˷ˣǲףֻ͵͵ĸˡ
һڼҳĲúҪ˵˼ɡ
ȵҰһ20ʱ͵͵ȥһûϲˡ
Ұһ˼Ѿѧҵʽƹ
Ȼ󣬵Ѿв˻ĶҪôһϵƴߡ
൱һǿҰһò
һҳöÿĸҲǷǳ˧磬׷ƨɺŮӣÿſڵ֡
Ұһ֮Ҳ˸ˡ
ῡҼǳɫԸҲᣬ֮ûи飬ԸҲԼӡ
ǶʱһֱǱʲô˸һߵﶼ˼װżΪܹ˵ϻȻһˣͼöԷԼһ顣
ֻϧҰһں͹ơ֮֡ͱֳһΪȫ뿪һ״̬
ĸĸǳܡ
µŮ
Ͼ߳ʧ÷ٸһµĶ
ЩССӶҲûֹǷǹȥԼСӣϣСܹЩҵڶɹʧӰ߳
һʼҰһ֪ʲô˺üŸо˲Ծ
żԼ˵ൽЩˡ
ҲǳԸɷģһƵĶ֣ƽҲû˸ű
Ļӽ϶ᱻǰЩ˲ûбúõߵԼǰ
ⲻͺѰζ
Ұһô֮ʱЦá
Ҳûкֻ֣Ϊָԭûа취ǡ֮ĹϵһֱǳȶԺ֡
ĸĸ֮Ҳǳ𾪡
һΪѾˣôһģǸôûеԸǣԲһġ
ˣˡ
֪ΪʲôԼĸô˵Ұһһر𼤶ĸоͺȴѾõڷһ
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ҳôҪ£ôʱ䣬ҲЩͷۣ
ʲô̬ȣҰ迴Сô̬ȣеʵ̫ĸôûеҲûмĲһõѡ㡣ֵøõģҲ㾡飬ֻϣԸҸһ㣬ΪһԺȻˡ
ͦõģлһǡʱ֮Ҳǻġ
Ȼ⻰ǲҸԼ˵ģ˵⻰
ȻһѾˣǾͲҪٲˣϾԺӻҪԼȥǲַǵˡǸе治ʲôöǼҲһίġҰְֿҲһͲ˵Ҳʵûʲô취ֻˡ
ô˵ҰְֻǾòǺ
ôĻǾͰǿһ£Ҫһ
ҾɡҰһʵܣΪҲ֪ûʱ䣬ֻʱš
ԥҰ迴Ǹ˹Ķӡ
ܼ棬һҪǸ˺ÿ
Ұһڸ˵֮󡣹ҲҪҪһΡ
ҰһǾͲʲôϣȻһΣǷǳ˳ļҰһĸĸ
ͺʱ䵽һ
ƹʱúõʰһ£˭ƶһҵΪС￴ˣҪðֱͨͨ
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˵һͨĹ˾ϰʱǼΪ⡣
ҲԼݵģΪȷᱻ˲ݾΪͨĹ˾ְԱѡ
ʵڲʹǵڵĹһֵ¸ɻˡҰǳĲ⣬ǿ̬Ȼס˲ĵǼҲȱǵǮҲ׬٣ֻϣԶһ԰ֵһ㹤һЩ
ڵʱ򣬹ƶѹͷϵĶͷ˾ҰһţԼٷܶ1000ҲɹƵ˾ھͲһˡ
ƹĻԼ˾
еˬ
ҰһϽ˵ͷҾǸ顣
֪ܲҰһڴʲô⣬ǿҰһı飬̲סͬҰ顣
಻50꣬ǷҪġ
һʼҰĸԹ㶫ӡǳ֮ڼ֮󣬹ƶҰһ˳ùԺԼǮϽҰһҲһڴӦ̬ȷǳϿҡ
ǿס
ôϵҲǿǿͬ
ִ£ҲҰһϲΪȡ
һǺġ
ҲõҰһԺ۸
ǿҰһ̫ˣôСô֪նһ˲ϲˣԺȥ˿ô졣
ҰһԼĸֳ֧УƹƵĹʺ;״̬ʡԺġ
֪Լĸĸ϶ΪԼãôҲˡ
ΪֳĴһҰһĻϿ޵ϡﻩһҲֳӣҰһոжĲУȴһһĨһ߰
ˣԺҿ϶ൽġ
Ұһ
ڰͣȡҸɩӣ
ʲôɩӣվ˵ۡ
һҲŶʮ߰꣬һ˷绪ïʱҰһܻӭҲ
˭Ҳ֪ΪʲôͻȻǴҶ֪һ֮Ƶĵλ͸˵һˡֵĻϱø֣ѾԼδһ״ൽδˡ
ˣⱾͲӦòĵ£ôѾҷֵܶˣԺϹҲҪ**
ƣ
ƸҰһȵ˵Ӧÿɣȱˡ
ҰһЦЦ΢ЦȴѴһŵûë
Цôˡ
ûʲôֻ뵽˸˵¡
᳡Уμ˾ƵĳԱ˸ս
˶ˣҪӰĸо
ƿסҰһ֣ߵһߣһһףڽ˵Ļ˵һܲɷ֡
Ȼصʱǡ
ģô˵Ҳĸȥħħʱħƻǵ׼ң
ƴûгϹħ֣һͨĹελãҪ˵Ĳмǲܵġ
ħλϣħ֪ùƶףһ㶼ûӡ
˵˲𣿡
ĸѣôˡǵóԸѵ¶͵ı飬߰ɣ͹Ҫȼˡ


195 
ɭŸô,ûԼԺǻµ,ΪǸ,Ĵ,ȫǿƼ
ʱ,Լ±ӻʲô,ԼʱΪ,Ҳûкڹ
ϾԼһжΪ˺Ϊ˺ණҲԼӵеĶ׳ȥ,ֻǺķٷչѾ㹻
֮ǰ֢໤޼,Լǰĵ̫Ҳ,⵹Щ֮⡣
ΪֻԼһԶ
Լ,Լͽܣǰ룬Լ֢໤ԺԼʱģԼСʦҰһ
30ȥ,Ұһ䵱еǸ,Ѿ50Сʦֻܿ30,·϶ᱻС۵֡
㿴һҲѾ50ˡɭŸһʱѾҪ۾ǳ΢,˵ҲҪս˲
ΪаɡҰһ˸ЦһĻİ˹ơ
ҲǸ˵
˽ʱ˶ΪǹƱҰһĴȣÿǶԷͼҵһȨͽǮŻѡһ
ɭŸӱ˿е֪ҪʱĵһӦҲ
Ұһ˵Ĺϵѣܵ˵ͬʦֵܵҪһҲǿԼСʦܳˣֶµĺҲǳϲ
Ҫ˵⣬ǲ̫ܡôû뵽үһȻ20ʱѡ飬һһ֪ðİˡ
ڼ֮ǰɭŸҲΪԷΪԼСʦܵǮƺȨҲпΪСʦܵò
ȻڼԷ֮ɭŸ֪ԼĲ²ȫǴġ
˲濴ȥôѵϵĹѵһʲô⣬ûзһֱ
һӵ쳣Ȩˡ
ϵϢֻгȨ˲ӵеʣ˵ǻҰһȨҪ˵Ҳŵġ
ڼƵһ̣ɭŸ˼ľʹô˶ԼСʦܺһ㣬ôԼСʦвԿ
һͷǳѸ㣬ԺҪ죬СʦܲһܸɵĹ
Ǿͺ˵ദ֮ĹϵʵƽȵģụԷ
˶СʦҲǳãѾֻҪҪ󲻹־ȫĳ̶ȡ
Ǽʶ30꣬ɭŸûмƷҰһ˵ĳ棬Ұһ
Ǹ˵ʵѵá
ҲǸʱɭŸŷ˶ǸйƵ˵Ľģϵףˡ
ҵʱֻǹ¼ҹһ˾ͲҪⷽٴ̼ˡɭŸЦ
һӶ׸˺УһֱûһλԺһӵˣһֱڿҪ˶ǹ¼ҹһԼҲʲôãֻǳԹʱ΢еŵĻš
Ժкܳ·ҪߣӦþͲ**ˣԵ±ӻټ
ǿûʲôԵ֡Ұһգգ۾ȥǱ߼ǵһǣǺܿͻȥġ
ں˵ʲôĺܣôܻôɭŸ⻹Ϊһ˵ҲܿϽһ䣬ҹȻˣƽ˵ô໰
˵ԣƽ˵ȫһҾǰҲ˺ܶ࣬ҪӦڻԲѡ
Ұһˡ
ǰĻعⷵգò˶೤ʱǾͻڵټ棬⻰ɲ˵ſЦʵ
壬ȷǴ
׳ʱڻ΢ƵһЩ˼͵40忪ʼ˥ʱͿʼԼҪصܡ
ɭŸȥ֮󣬼ĺпֻйơ
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ԤϵʲôɭŸ˵һֱûͣ¹ֻҪͣ¾Ҳ˵ˣ߶߶ӺƽʱΪȫ׶Ρ
һ֪֮ڵټɭŸ⣬ڸûҪıˣɭŸЩƣʼҰһûΪеˡ
ɭŸͣ˵
ô㷴Ӧɡ
ҰһûʲôӦ˵ǹˣʱ乤رæʱʱɭŸѾɭŸ⡣
ҪĹҪƵĹһ룬æýŴףʱȥˡ
ɭŸúûȥˣֻڴϴŴһ
ˡղŻе㾫ɭŸ⣬ʧȥǹɻڴϣģ˵ԽԽϸҪյϸС
Ұһ˹ȥˣɭŸǰһ仰
ǵðѰ˿Сȹһո
Ұһ
Ѿ˹˵ݱӰ˴кݱ˽
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ֻʣ10𣿡Ұһ̾һ
û뵽ʱô졣
˵ʱһգۡݱԴ˵ν
ţûа취ӴĶˣǰҲడҰһ֪ԼᷢʲôϴŻ塣ϾԼʶ˻Ѿˡ
Լ֮󣬲ΪԼˣпܸԼһӭỶӭԼ
ڵȺһϣĺпܷģ
ʱһһĹȥ10ӹ൱졣ɭŸԼʧ۾סһڲߵ֡
ԺͽˣǵѪ
һŬġһ֣ｻҾͺã㰲ĵȥɣ
һ⻰ɭŸ޲òѹٰһ١ֻɭŸоԼᣬӴƮ뿪Լ塣
ܹԼڴϵʬ壬վԼߵǸ޵ŮˡƺҰһͷ˵ʲôԼ֮󣬾Ȼһ㱯˵ҲûУЦ˳
ɭŸ
ݱѾˣȥɡ
ԭе
ɭŸû뵽
ھͳ𡭡
ȻˣǵʱǺܱģҪٵʱˡݱһ͹˵ļ򣬡ѾˣҾʹȥˣİɣǲΪġݱῴ˵ҲΪ
ƣȥʱǵһ£ˣһԵһҸ˵ҵ˵ڶϣԲμǵĻ񡣡
𣿡û˵ݱݱϲˡ
˵һ飬ʱ;Ҫ顣
˲ԼΪʲôҰһ͹ŵ˿Ժ˵
ȻʶѾʶ˺ܳʱѡ
ɭŸ˫ָżˡѵѾʲôʱģһֱں˽𣿡
ȻûǻĺúõءһûбܻȻѾˣҲء
ͬ¹ϵ
ݱ˵ͷ
ɭŸͷۣе޷ڵ
ɭŸǰҲǸ˳һīˮˣڱʵ˵
ѵܹͨ𣿡
ࣿҰһǺȷڵѾˣȹʱˡ
ʱЩ̫ˣȥˡҰһ͵ģݱ˸ʱƣҰһͷ˽͡
ȥ֮ͿԷ࣬ʦҲڵҴ򹤡
Ŀʦ𣿡
Ұһ˵ͷ
ɭŸ㱣ݱǣ˵
һϵǰù֮ħС
Լǲ壬Լɱ˶ٸˣµУȻܳͷҲԤ֮С
Ȼ󿴵ԼСʦܵİ˹ơ
Ϊħĸ٣ǰ
еĹжôѲ˽ɭŸҲ֪ģҲ֪˲ʺɡ
ɭŸеʱҲǳʶ࣬ûѣԼУǷǳ̹Ȼĳˣýзǳ֮˳
ھеȵ°֮ż˹ơ
㻹ŵʱʲôӦе̷ǰշģҲûа취ģҵǺһܷʶˣʱһֱӴȥģҲøоµʦ˵ڽ֮Ժһ
ƶ˶٣ȻѡͶ̥ҲǿԵġ
Ͷ̥ǲͶ̥ģֻܸӡ
Ƹûߣڵȱȱ̸ָѧǰµ˵٣
ɭŸ˼һ¡
ʱɭŸ⻹֪ȴԼʲôֱͽ˵ȻҲڼ˺Լһ̵ˡ
ͼȥʱһ뿪硣
Ȼɱ˲˵ĸͼ϶Ҳڵ棬˻Եֻ
ϺãǵԵֺġ
ͼһֱۣŤͷûɭŸ⡣
Ҳһתͷֿˡ
缸ʮ걻ֱŪȴMIMIC͵
ɭŸ⣺
ôС
ǿ⣬ϾձˣǼǵΪʲôձĵ棿
ס涨İˣձɱ˲ˣҪձܵӦеĳͷ֮ٻصĹҵĵǱߵСҰһɭŸһ£ϾҲʱģɲ⡣
һûӣʶĲˣһǡ
һʱȽɣ㻹ûʽʼ̣ȴȥһҵµĽɽҰһѾָ̬ɭŸ⣬ͨĴײĵȵİǵһһӿԼԼԿߵꡣ
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