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һȺڣЯЯӵĿӣӦоУֱԷҪ½Զۣ


4 е
½ԶڴϣӦϸۿճյЦСֹմʦֽʹãںһԣҪʹʦ˵Ҳ֪˯û˯
Ӧ΢Ĺ⣬½Զ˻ˣæ˵Ҳʹʦ˵ǲǣðɣҾ㡣ʦ֣ˡ
˵գֻ½ԶĿ񣬽ɵӦУ֣µӷ·ھĳʽ
ӦǺǿһ½ԶϢ˺ͻȻϤˮ崺磬½ʦܣ
½Զϲ֣ʵʦô֪ң
ߵЦһȾϼһƣ㡣
½ԶȻշ̣ѱӦ·Ҫɤ
ׯٴᣬ½ʦ𣿡
û¡½ԶС죬ͻȻû´źʧ񣬼æ񶨣¡ҡʹʦ˵ǲǴŴʦϢˣ
ׯһ˵˵۶Զ۶ʱҡ
½ԶһӦɵЦͻȻɧһȺŴ룬ֽܲ½Զ
ʦ򴲱ߣһƿӣ½Զ֪룬˵Ҫʲô
Ⱥһλʦܳһȭ½ԶʱڴϣԴǵʲôҪеϴߣ
˽һףߣ½Զȣ˳һţЦƺҲģ˾ڵˣ
½Զߺ󣬴ϵӦ΢Ĺ⣬ׯߵĶеʵôˣʦôʲôˣʦܣʦܣ
߽ܲӦǣЦһжϸӦսﳤȥ
ӦǵĸӦͻȻжϣׯҲ֪˭ڸʲô
ϵͳˡ
ׯ֪ٵȵȡ
ϵͳΪʲôҪȣ½Զ˹Ӧȥ
ׯԸӦõȣˣܵˣ壬Ѫ£һȥ𣿼ȻˣӦöȵȣܲŰŰȵ첻ӦеصزʱٴǺøж৵ģ֪
ϵͳԭô
ׯҸĸоܴ𣿡
ϵͳѡ졣
½ԶɽĻķضѣ⿪ϡһָŭ˵½Զʵ˵ǲʦʩԻ󣬵ô̻㣿
½ԶҡҪϵί˵ûУʦҲû̻ҡ
˵ʱȻŭһţ˵ûУɵģ
ߵ˽˵ϻ˶˵ԼǻˣҪӲĲ֪ǵ
˵ձӻͳһӣϳһ£߽Ŀؿ½Զ˵½ԶվҪ㸶ۣ
һ䣬˱޳½ԶϵʱƤ·ķѣѪֱ˿ںѸϣָ
֮ۼ˿ͻȻָɫ˹һָ½Զ˵ϵѸϣԣħ
ŵһͷһƨڵϻһλʦǰıӣ˵С֣ȻħǸãɱΪ
ӱ֮˳˳Ƥȷʮι̣ʹ½ԶϺݺݱ޴½Զҧأ۵ֱȻʹȴһ֡
ݣ½Զ촽ҧѪ޺ľһţʦ֣ʲôңһġˣۣˡ
ʲôظĻ֮ԱǣҪԼʲô½Զվڣ
½Զ˫۽գۣҭʦҴˣˣԺһúŬһʦһ͵㲻Ҫٴˡ
ޣ˳һڣʮؿŻģǲǴʦ֣ûԻơ
½ԶԽǿధеŭȼյϵؼ֣ҽѷΣ˲
ʹţ֮˲½ԶֺܲվⳡϷٿȥˣǰӣһԣ˵ҵġ
˵գֻܲӻͳһŷڱϣдʣĵʱǿʧ
ܲ޿½ԶЦаħɣ
䣬ʩ˷Ƥ޴½ԶϣʱѪģѪע½ԶҽУֹ


5 
½ԶǱˣܲ;ķһָ˵˭ȥҶϣˡ
ߵǰ½Զҽʣ½Զ۵û鴤ΣֻͷƤ飬Ƥ޳ĵط·ؿһᴩȫ
˿ûϣѪֹ˼״׷׽кá
ʦֹȻ˿ûˡ
治Ƕʦ֣ʦ
½Զˡ
ܲʦܵĿޣ޳øݡ
½ԶҧĲʻʦ֡ʦ֡
ڽдʦء֪˭½ԶĺָЦ
ܲмһˣָʹ˵ʦ֣ʦ㣿ҲȲ㡣
ӱ޵Щͣܲ˦˦첲󽫱ӸһԵˣԼ˿ʯͷ£˵ѽˣ
˽ӹӿ½ԶЦѧܲӺݺݳ
ܲŶȿ½ԶѪģʹ಻ģֱˬ죬ӻͳսӦǣ˵ʦʲôۣʲôˣҲ䲻ϡʦҲǣԼΪôô׾аħļأǿϧôҵˣøơ
½ԶܲӦǣͻȻߺϵʹҲ˲ϡ
ָܲӦЦҪð
½ԶӦӼңҡ壬˫Ųͣߣƴ۽ϣЬӱ֮ˡ
ܲıݣȤ˵ҵҪʲô¡
½ԶºѸ˹Ӧǡܲһתɶ½Զ˸գˤ˸ʺࡣ
˼״׷Ц½ԶŵϵҲ˲ãһܲܲһ΢΢ף漴Ȱס½Զˤڵأ̧Ȳϣ˻ӦǣЦ㻹ʲô¾ԳȻɾ͹ˡ
½ԶݺݵŷץסܲĴҧסܲʱг˦СӣȻҧˣ
½ԶĴȳǰһקܲĲȣһһƨˤڵϡ½Զ״ϽȥӦǣܲŭץס򣡡
½ԶΧסȭߣñľ½ԶӦǽڻڵ䶾
ܲӵƨɣǰСӣҲ죡
ܲȺȾһţ½Զߵڵأӻͳذ׶׼½Զ½ԶŽƽذףƴҡͷҪҪ
ۼذ׾Ҫ½Զ죬ͻȻһɫӰ֣ס֣
ȥֻׯһϮǰɫ࣬һӣ˱ɢ
ׯ½Զߣһƴܲ½Զ𣬽ʵʦôˣˡ
½Զ̧ͷׯʱͷһеίͿӿͷɶ֣ʦ֡
ܲӵ޷޵ʦ֣Ϊãôڸв֪أ½Զǡ
ס죡ׯĻ½ԶϣΪֹҲһΣȥ
ܲģԼֲиʦ֣
ȥׯһηôˣǧС
˲ԣ׷Ź߻ߡ
½Զۣؿׯ˵ʦֲҪˣҲã㲻ҪǣȻǻΪƫҡ
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½Զؿׯ˼ּᶨظҾƫ㡣
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ʦܣʦܣׯ֪룬Ͻɸȥˡ


6 
ׯ˴ԼԷˣЩⲻȥȻǣв֮ˣˣǻʹġû˲ϣõůû˲ϣء
½Զɫ԰ףüͷʮʹ࣬˫ֽ߬·ţʦ֡
ׯߣḧĶͷᣬڡ
½Զۣģ俴ׯףׯϽ˵ˣоôѾΪˣϵ˿ѾȬˣɻﲻʣ
½ԶίͷСׯ⸱ӣĪЩۣǹ⻷ⲻһ߿Ǻģôɰ۵ĺӾҲµȥ֣
ׯԴԲҲãӦ㷢ֵģԲˣԲ𣬶Բ𡭡
ǸϣֲĿ˿ڡ½ԶƴҡͷͷҭҲãԺҲǶʦˡһԹҴˣԲҲ˯ʱţûи緹·ҲûϴɾĲûпꡭ
½Զ˵ű㿪ʼ·һµĺõԭ£ԲԺ˯ҲᷭˣҲͷֻһҲԺˣҴˣҪˣҲˡ
ίȫĿһдׯͷϾׯ½Զ£ĵί޴˵ﾾһţʲô
ׯָϵᣬС˵ûдúܺãǲ㡣ˣˣޣҲҲѹ
½ԶϽӺĨĨ۾ɣ󼷳һĨɬЦׯ˵ʦֲҪѹҡҲˡ
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ȥϢڷҩǵóԡׯҩƿݸ
½Զӹҩƿ˳ӣصͷӴ˵ʦҲϢô㣬ҲãԲߡ
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ϵͳˣ
ׯҵеʹǸӣֲһ˱ô۸ܵ𣿡
ϵͳϵͳʾ·УߵľǿŰ󿪹ɱȫңЩһ붼һIDΪСˢģʶ𣿡
ׯݣ¾ͲҪˡһʱһȻ磬ǻѪվǰģҲׯеĵġ
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ׯʲô񣬲ҪŰɣܲҴ
ϵͳ½ԶںɽʱܲҲȥ
ׯˣǰɣˣ°ɡ
ׯһڴϣҹ߱ͷô죬ӲͷƤ£˺ѣ
գׯ˸磬Ͻǰɽ˸δС½Զ
ԼĪһӣԶ㴫Ϥ
ԶϻˣͲҪʦĻǻȥòáҶ½ԶӰٰȰ衣
½ԶѰһյأͳĽһʽһ˵ʦ㣬ûµģ㲻õģϿȥɡ
ҶȰҲͳǽָЦ㲻ȥҲȥС
˵ձὣ½Զһ˵ʦ㲻Ҫ׽Ūˡ
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½Զ֪ǺãæڰֻӦǵĲǵģҲ˼ʦȻҪһ㡣
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Ҷֻزʱͣ¶¶ãֵҪǲԺҲˡ
ҡ½ԶΪѣеĽ֪롣
ҶͷԵ⣬˵ѲңҪСңҺôҲʦ״ӣûô
½ԶԾеʱתΪϲﵱȻˣںüƿҶ˵Ǿ͵ʦˡ
ׯԼر·дҶ½Զĺദʱģ÷ɡκɽܲӦ滯⣬ˢǺøжȵģôֵͷˡˣһưɡ
ׯɣ쳤˲ӿ½Զˣ⽣ֵСʹѼ
ϵͳ:棡棡ooc򹷲䡪
ׯ:
ׯϵͳ˺֮ʣС·Ǳһˡׯϸɲ۸½ԶǻʦȺϸѰңȻͿܲм䣬һӲݣɫض½ԶӺ޲̻
ָܲ˼˵Ǽȥ裬˸סǧʦ㣬ȻҰͷšˡ
ǡǼΨΨŵŵӦͷԵؽӽҶһ
Ҷ½ԶͷϣͻȻԶﴫûˣ
˺ȥҶ𽣣ʱѭȥ
½Զ׼ȥȻһȺ˴ܳסȥ·
Сӣ¿ܡ
ܲµӲݣ˫ֽ汧ۣ˵СӣˣοûôˣԹɡ
䣬ͻȻһŴס½Զϡ
ܲ¾˿ĭСӣҧһȻۣҷǷȡ
˵ձὣǰȣһ⡣½Զ۵죬ֱ
ׯ״ǰӵϵͳ
ϵͳٵȵȡ
ׯʲôȣٵȾͻƨˡ
ϵͳôûôҶϾҪˣڻʱ򡣡
ׯҺ㡣
ϵͳԡ
Ҷǰϻһһ˵˰Ҳ֪˭Ķ硣
δ˵ֻ꣬ܲΧ½ԶһٶҶ״ǳס֣ڸʲô
ܲתͷЦӭ˵ţʱץһֻ棬ҪҪ밡
Ҷ˦֣ǰƿˣӡͻȻܲǰͳһŷ󱳣Ҷʱ޷
ܲ黨裬ҡͷ̾Ϣ˵ţûȤĻҲǿһԵڣҸһϷŰ
˵ձӹߵʦһͨĽ½Զ˺·ὣ¶ļ
迴ˡܲǱ½ԶţֻѪֱ˿˲ϡ
ܲýָǵϵ˿ڣЦ㿴Сħ֮ˣֻ档㻹ɵظƨɺ棬Իҩ֪㲻лңⶼӦģԶĻʹߡ
ҶŭĿԲ½ԶʵԶôˣ۲۰
½Զɫ԰ףشܲӵĽͳңҶǰ˻ΣЦҲ޼ƿʩҵңרκ棬۾ϸ
˵գܲý½ԶŻʱѪ죬Ƥⷭ۵½Զ鴤


7 
ס֣ͣ£Ҷ迴½ԶʹģֹźҪܲͣ£ʦ֣㲻Ҫ۸Զˣ㣬ͣ°ɡԶںʹ࣬ȥġ
ܲΪȻļЦ̫СˣˣҲΪ
Ҷ躬ῴҡͷధס֡˺ԶĻ
ܲ뽣У½Զɭɭ䣬ң½ԶǳǳĽۡ
ѪĽƤģ½Զ۵亹ָ֮׿ĲҽҪٴˣҲˡ
ܲջؽԼĽһĶҶ뿴ʦֵĽôǲǺܺÿ
Ҷ趨һ½Զ¶ϿżֺȻĿܲһΡ
㣡ʦ̫ˣҲˣҶ貪ȻŭǺ죬ܲŭϽЦţˣʲôҰ̣ҪҶ赽һΣҶϲֻܲҪϲʲôС
½Զ֮ʣͻȻһö׹ӻе䣬ܲ״սϸۿ
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½ԶǰܲԽǲ⣬׹ǰƣ˵Ұһ˾ͻˡ
㡣½ԶɫУ·׹ӣʦ֣ҺòãԺҲˡ
˵⼸仰ҸˣҲ̫ˣѧܲ˦ϵ׹⡣
½Զҧ촽ί˭˶ۣΨܲϲԮίͰ͵ӡ
вУˡܲ׹ӵ
½Զ߬°ڣ΢һ
ûܲŶûԷأ
½Զֱ׹ܲӵ
ܲ׹·ڶһֻСЦͶùҪ˻
ܲ׹ҿ覣״ˮΣչһź棬ɢ
Լɢܲϸۿ׹棬ͻȻȻۻ׳ſѪڣܲʱŵһ
ʲôǻܲػһ˦׹ʱӳԶ
½Զۿ׹˵ӵ̾ըëˣܲ·һҪ˺ҧ
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˵գܲӣ첲쵽½Զǰҧ쵽߶ҧɲһֻù
˼״׷ЦѧܲӵݵǰҡŸ첲Ŵȣơ
ׯǰĳָ֦߬ǽڷףɫѿ
ׯڿȥ˰ɡ
ϵͳӦÿˡ
ϵͳ䣬ׯȺʱɳХһɳɢˡ
ܲˣˤ˸ͷϽӵƨɣ󺰣˭ĸͷǣб°ˣôû³֪ǣ
֮ˣһϮӰ
ң
Ѹ磬һתֱ½Զͷׯǰ½Զڻء
½ԶϵѪȾׯذ׳鴤ׯϽʵһӣҶ豳ϵķġ
ҶϽܹ½Զ֣Ӳǰ亹۵˵ԶסϴȥҩͲˡ
½Զ˺ۻǴĿĵ֣ׯŭգܲˣǡ
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ܲΪȻûƤûͷٺٵЦʦ֣㷸Ϊôʲôöʦû㣬˼˵ĵȻ֪
ׯ᳤ֻܲ磬ΧѸٷ⻪ת仯ˡ
ʡֻܲ˵ĵ۱ķѣ֧عϣڷƮ㡣
ܲͷ˿Լ²ӣϽׯƤЦѽ˵ʦ֣Ҫ뿴ʦҵ壬˵һͿˣαͷϵı·Ҳ޹ģֻҪ뿴ʱѵġ
ׯһ½Զֽ˽Ƕȥ¹ţûҵ
ܲһҪ±㷸ͼˣӹһ٣ʦкãɲɣҪҷɨˮѡһҲɡ
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ׯͷû½Զֱ뿪ֻһ仰
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½Զ˫۽գСʣׯĶͷûˣ۸ġ
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½Զë΢òӣʵôӣһ͵ȥ
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˵𣿡ׯĿأҡͷ̾ʦܣǴ½ʦˡǵΪұسʹɨԺһ¶ġ½ʦƣధֻɣСΪ䣬ȥһµط
ʲôܲ۾ɵøһׯȻǸ½Զģôôݶ
ׯ˵ˣվ͵ΪֹɣǶܷʦҲĲ̡ȥһٱɹ棬սң¾ȥˡ
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ܲ߬ȭͷӲͷƤûٷ
½Զҵţ


8 ɽ
գׯֻ̫վڰǰź룬˼
ʦ𡣡ׯһ񣬡Ҫ·Ը
һߵ󣬿ϵĺ񣬻ʵׯ֮½ԶΣ
ׯǰͲµ⣬λ𳤱࣬˼£ʵҲǸĳᣬȴʮʹħ֮ˡ
ʦ𣬵Ϊ½ԶȻʳڣݿ˻Ȼݣ˱ض򵥡ׯͬһࡣ
šͷۺֶ˶٣£Ψһԡ
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ɽˮݺ䡣ϣȺؽֵĽϣȴһƬ͵ľ˿ħеĺۼ
ׯһ˴Ⱥϸ߹ÿһ˽Դ룬Ҳûħ︽ȾָϢ⡣
ߣֵͬĳûħûоûлңùֵĹ֣ýĽУˮӡǣؽܶȺׯܿ췢⡪ûŮˣ
ûɽΪֹĿӣûһŮӣܽǣټһû
ˣ˼Ƿ׷Ͷ۹⣬ǿǶɽ᰺Ҷ裬ĴɫǼ˵ӣǾ˵ǿŮӹ컯ö֮ڽϵľͿ־塣
ɽᰱħ·˶ԼԵ۶ȥ·˿˫˪Ƶۣŵòٿͷֻʶӡ
Ҷ迴ضԼ˼ǰ黨裬½Զ
ܲһҶ軤ǰЩ˴󺰣ʲôûŮٿˣ
½ԶϽܵׯ󣬳˳ӣʦְ֣
ׯɨۣס½Զ֣˽˵ûµģ¡
Уׯһ˽һҿջСЦӯӯܹһ̧ۼλŮӣŵĿ࣬β֪˵ʲôá
СõľƣõĲˣϽġܲһƨһȲڵϣҶԼߣȺˡ
ׯ½Զһյ裬ԼҲһڣĽ̸
˵ûԱҵСŮǸˣ
ģ⻨㻹û׽ס
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ô֪ʲôѲϹĴϱĴˣ
ȥȥȥϹ˵ʲôǰ֣ƹ˵ġǻÿÿһ麦ʳԪߵʱӻҰڰǰۼ˻Ӱ˵һ£Ӣˬء
ôļٵģ
ô֪һ͵ˣҲ̫档

ׯǵĶԻƷ衣
Сϸ㣬£ׯסʵС磬һˡ
͹˵ֻҪ֪ģض֪޲޲СͿغߡ
С֪㣿
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Сҡҡͷ˵Щ˼Ҳ֪˶ʿõɮû취˵㿴˿ׯĴŴ磬粻Ѱ˼ңӿҲǵõ֮ˣ
ׯǷһ񣬻˵ǲһ
ԭǲɵʦҵˣȥƹ˵λʦϺõĿͷСƨߵȥƹ
½ԶŵСȥıӰԥ˰Σׯʵʦ֣ǻ㾿Ǻ
ׯĲյһԲҪ˵Ǻ֪ʱʱɨۣȫˣ
ׯϵͳǻʲô
ϵͳݡ·趨ǻħʳŮԪ
ׯΪʲôҪԪ
ϵͳû˵Ҫ޸bug
ׯҺޣ
ׯعջӣ˵ħͽ׻ħǿʳ֮ѪɣǽȴʳŮԪʵΡʦǴ˴ǰΪץ㣬ǱСĽ
ܲΪȻһһħЩʿȻ޲ߣΪ޵ƨˡץʲôץֱɱ˵ˣаħ˵ö֮
ܲ˵һ仰ʱⶢ½Զ½Զ룬漴ͷ˫ֳϥϿ·֪롣
ׯ״ֱָϣ£ֻ˵֮ʦ¡һ죬ҲˣЩطϢҹʱҹѲ
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ĴϢŮ毺õľӶҶڼ֮ꡣׯܶȣҴģ˼ҵģ֮òģڼ֮Ĺʲ֪һһ࣡
ׯֱҪߵ趨ӡĹûһ棬ȫĳ߻Ȼôܽ½Զĺ󹬡ʱоûʲôڣ˺ߣ
ͷҵĳŮԼҵŮϲܼҵСŮǮҵĶŮǽ
ׯ̽ħǣֻеôһѰټðҰŶ׵㡣
̽ħǵָָ򶫱ߣׯϣѭָķĴѰ١
˵ҹһѻУһ˱Ƕ
ͻȻָ뿪ʼת̽ħǿ
Сģׯɫ࣬Ϲס̽ħǵķӦָתٶԽԽ죬ǿۣ˷ϯ
ׯͷͣƮƮ̽ħǵָڲͣתζԽԽŨׯϽסӣжҪţ
˱ǣէ𣬾ǵصĿҶͷѻ˻кҷԤʾһ١
סڱǣֽĴѰһӰҴΣҡҡλΣϸɳ쳹ǧʸˣ˫۱ɳסûй޷ɱɳţһëȴҲȵǧ֮޷赲
Ȼͣͷѻ粻ӰžȻ·𷽲һֻһΣֻüԼͺ
ǧϸϸܣɢһأЯһŻ㡣
һӰӹ̤ǰС
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䣬ֻһλڴ̨ϣһֻһֻŲŴؿǽҡȡ


9 
ڵŵöʱУҲգشӴҡ߽˵˲ż½ҹúġ
ǰŮڻͻȻһӴɽֱ
ħܣׯֻӯһ㣬裬ܿķâ
ܲҲ漴ϵ棬˸Ͻסڱǣӽɢӻꡣ
лƬ⽣Ӱ˲ǧ꣬ӻԾ⽣Уָ䣬йϤȥ
׹Ѹٷת̹˼״Ͻ䣬ֻӻӰ֯۳컨ִȣӿȶٶȣѸٷڵκͻ裬Ͻ衣Ȼһȣֱׯˡ
ֱӹׯ޴ɶ㣬ӭͷҹľƬɣԲϱƽ
ʦ֣ô죿ܲվһִ࣬ǰ״ԼĵҲŵĽƣԼĽǶˡ
ׯǻҲ֪Ǻãʱû˵ΰ
ˣ
˵գֱֻȣһֻѸɢƮɢ֮⣬Ȼ£黨ŽȻγ컨Աɡ
ׯʧ룬û˻ƨ
ֻЦһЦˣˡ˵գһԵĹˡ
ׯϽӻͳһŷ˸ھűߣǿһճϣʱ˫޷漴һӣʱɢ黨γһΧߣԽӽ
ûᣬСţġׯһԵ½Զ磬ȡ
½Զִ¶ɫֻվһԹսϾõͨĽԼΪǳȲøλʦʦ㡣ǵĽˣԼľ͸ûˡ
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ׯļ򣬿ɫᶨ֣ǡ
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𣿡ܲϵıֱͻһģһǴ򲻹½Զֱܴ췽ҹ̷
ׯվ󣬿ıӰһЦֻԡ
½Զ仰ǧͷ۳һ仰ڶߣҿԡ
½Զۣ˸ھֻʱ⣬ͷףֱ㣬˺ӻ磬Ȼ˽⡣ǽѸ磬Ȼ仯̴еȣڡ
Ĳлʱʧɵıׯջذ̾ȻСʹǹ⻷
󹦸ɣׯ̯֣˸漴һƿׯƿڣŻ˵ҪΪˣϽɡ
ħƿ׹ʯ䣬׿еĹӻͳһӣׯ˵ץңûôס
ׯӹͻȻŨ㿳˫ȳûӴߡ
ɢׯǰֻԭѪģȣѲӰ
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ͻȻһ˺ƳŵĺҹԵΪ̶ͣ½ŲɫصŶѰԴ
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ʱ̽ħǺȻַתǿէ
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ׯͷʵںδ͹ȥɡ
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ⲻǷŻĵطתתȥû꣡
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Ϊ֮ʣС󻺻߳
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СüۣᣬõģŮöˡ
˵գ˿ˣתԱ˵֪⼸λʦŮҪúлл˼ҡ
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ׯ㣬ҲУԱǮٳԵסıڿջûǮһڴӦܲȡ
ѽԱǿˣ֮ͶѣҲúúдʲôռһ̾Ϳˣ˶еܲľŶȣŶӣ⡣
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ܲæ˵˵˵СϽȥЪŰɡ
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Ļׯɮһڵõ˵㲹ܲһֻſȣһֻѼƣһ߳Իһֱ̾˼ζ
ׯʣһ鼦ȷŵ½Զ˵԰ɡ
½Զ˿ȷŵЦʦֳ԰ɡ
ׯЦҡҡͷֽȼлȥԡ
½ԶɵЦҾͲˡ˵ҧһڣͻȻԱһֻħȣǲҳԣ
ۼܲĴҪҧϣׯѸ˸ھ·һֻܲ
ܲȻɣ䵽ϵʱиӡ˭ң
ׯֽȼлŵ½ԶЦϽԡ
½ԶͷѸҧһڣʾȨ
ܲׯٿ½Զʦ֣ƫģ
ܲǱӣׯ½Զһۣͷ͵Ц
ΪһϢúóһٷʱͻȻݴһҽС
˸ϽеĿӣԴȥСĹ뷿谵޹⣬ֻзŵһҽдû
ƿţׯݣֵ΢£ڿյûκ
ׯߣᣴأӰȴûκζ
С㣬ˡʧ񣬷ſ춯ׯŴϵĺӰǰɴᣣ廨ֻһ߸ɿݵʬ壬ִӺᣬɱݻƣһɶŻ
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ȻʱϨһӰľӴܡ
ׯЯӰ׷
ȣԽͥԺǵӰΧǽϣһԾܣŽ²ֻʵһЦש߲ἲɻҶ
ׯ׷¹£ǵӰϤڰµ⼥Ц

оȵѾߣ


10 п
˽ѾߵĲ߿Хºڷҹˡ
Ѿӯ˲˦ׯ˲Ӱܿͣ½Ų˸ϣǹ͡
ׯִ̽ħѭָķ׷һƬĵأֻӲݣҰ֮ϣûκνҲûκλټ
ѾͻȻӰׯ̽ħǣȴ˿ûзӦָһֱָ򶫱ߡߣȴǶԨûдҲûΣš
ˣѾͷ굽ȥˣܲĴȴһӰ
½Զߵׯ󣬵ǵʵʦ֣ģ
ׯ̽ħڹȻûзӦָָ򶫱ߡ
ͻȻζҡҡλΣׯץ½ԶԨ漴һϮĶ²ӿŨˣ߱ڵǰ˰ʲô
ׯ̽ħǺȻ綯ǿէָʧ̽ħʧЧͨʯһ޶
ŨЮźⲻϽգ쳹صİׯӻͳһŷģ˸ھֻĵʱȼգϨ
ɽɢϮŨʲôħûʵûκá
˽£űſֵַ
ʦ֣¿ǺðܲׯŲ̣ˣħûץԼɥˣһ㶼Ժɵʦ˵ǱѬģǶһ֦
ͷۣ֯ããŨ˿κζҲߵˣⲻʴ˱ֱ۷еûʲôȥҪˡ
½Զҧ촽ձͨ죬ڲׯϽסֹ޲ýԼ¶ȶ
½ԶϽе˵ûµģʦ㴩ϰɣᶳġ
ׯ촽÷ϸѣüԼ˱꣬ȴҧӲͦţ·½Զϵã˵
½ԶԹԵͷԵʮ־ɥֲҲĻΪѼ䣬֪Ǻá
ͻȻׯֽٵغڶ߸½Զһʱ֮ûӦӲվԭأ˫ִ࣬һƬհס
𣿡ׯЩ·˵ÿһֶҪɱ顣
½Զع߬·һ¾ͺˣӶһůͷȫ֧֧ˡ
̵Щ½ԶɬؽԥԥֹʦҪǡҪĻ㡭ɡ
ׯø˼֣ƵĺԽԽ٣½Զ¶ĲĸоܿʹӲͷ·ֻĵطϸϸܵؿҧое֡
б³֪ԻˣʲôӢۺúܲñ鶼Ҫݴʵֻܸɱ䡣
Ȼ䣬ֻŨͻȻɢѸˣҲ
ɢˣⶫǷܲʱϲ⣬Ȼ
ȻɢǰȴǸղŵĻҰǷƽ̺졣ĶҲʧ·һƬ
ׯͳ̽ħǿ˿ûж滨ʵڹŹ֡ûκλļһֻӰ
ʦ֣ģҶ˴ĺ󱳡
ׯͷ˼ƾеļ䣬ûмǴĻӦǡ
ûׯ࣬һǻħõ󷨣ˡ
Ǹô죿Ҷָżί
ɽ᰻ܣħСز鿴Χ˵ۣ󡣡
ʲôң֪ôơܲɽᰣһӣɤӣ㣬ûֵĶ治бµ
ɽϵܲȴǵҫ˵ⶫ
ɽ˦֣ԹǰУѰۣܲҲôԹ֣ث֣ثеث֣½Զث֣
ʦ֣ôԶѽˣˡҶŶ
½Զ˿ͷ˵ʲôֻĪһίӿͷѾŬʦܿŬ
ׯͷķӦִͷ½Զ漴̧ͷֻׯǳǳһЦ߰ɣǲ
ţ½ԶɥƶʱɢͷЦֻҪʦȻһЦܶķߡʦܸȥĶСлȥϣԼԽԽů
½Զ󣬿ıӰƮݣ˿΢ƺ¡ʦ֣ѽҪǡҪһֱͺˣҪǡֻܶһͺˡ
˼ǧ½ԶȻع񣬲ͣҡͷʲôʦôֻһᣬ飡
˲ǰУ߹ĵ߹¼߹ģٻޣ԰ɫҲ֪˶ã·һƬĵ¼һģɫ֮ǰһ޶
֮䣬˷Ųϸ۲ľͬ԰ĵǧ¼㺣ġ
ʦ֣ô£ôȥƻˣҶվ½Զ󣬿ܵĻ϶﷽
ܲ޲øȣٱ
ׯͳ̽ħǣûзӦû˸Ӧǻûκηׯ̧ͷ˿գȴûһƣҲûֻ̫εһƬֱһ
ȵţȥׯϷɣĿ֮ǻûоͷҲûоͷûƲ赲
յĹׯص棬ҡͷ˵н磬Ҳ·
ô죿ǲһֱɣҶץǰ黨裬һû·¼ˣʦֶûа취¸ô졣
ׯջذǰŽµĻ˵ˣҿ
ϵͳˡ
ׯʲô񣿡
ϵͳڵĻһҵ仨Իʹ½Զ󡣡
ׯ֪ʲôöҲŸձ˼ңھҪҿҲ̫˰ɣ
ϵͳ˵ɣ
ׯúһϵͳ𣡻ģ
ϵͳǰ⣬һƬ̺пʢǶˡ
ׯǻǻȡ
ӵׯ˲ע⣬͵͵̽ħУ˸ھֻ̽ħ΢Ĺ⣬ָٶȳ֣زָŶǳϷ
зӦˡׯװϲֵӣ̽ħǣ̽ħзӦߣ
˵գ˾ֱϱߡһȺ˷ֻߣߵĽ࣬ɫȴ£·ʢİٻ԰ļ˳һһ߹һƮ㣬÷ţѭ
ȻľɫȴͬʱǰɫȻϣһһУûм֣֮º÷ľһͬʢ
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߹һȻϣеһƬ̺ʢ˿뻭һȴһĳš
ׯˣ˵򻨴ͻֱ̺бΣۣҪ취һ̽Ƴ󷨡
Եͷǰ
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½ԶָָԼܳæڰ˵еģʦ֣ǴǽңôҪˡ
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ׯ̺ʢİ㣬һǡԥ˼֮䣬ͻȻһ΢΢ҡҷͤͤ⣬˼Ϣ
ˡׯָǶժ
½Զѭָķ򣬿Ƕ˼£սϵĽ۾Ȼ֣ǼȻʦһҪã֮ǰǴһӦòġ
׼Ƭֻ̣½ԶŶҶ̤СɼǣӯѸٽӽǶ
ˣܿҪժʦֿ϶ܸ˵ġ½Զ˸߲ңڶεĳɹǰӯӯΣ·ڵȴĵ
ʤֿɵáͻȻǶȻһת½Զ·ǧֻץס֫½ԶƴԽεĴҲ׺ݣܸоǿĴųԽԽ
ҶʧɫеغԶȻˣۿ½Զſȥ˲ûӰ
ׯ״ֵʱѸٻ˼ʣ˸ͻȻ·һֻȻҶ󣬽ģӦֻҶҲſİȥӰ١


11 ɧ
½ԶҶ豻ȥǰׯѸ˸ھֻһ𣬿ɳֱƽ
ׯ赲ɳʯ˲ס˫ۣ籩ˡܲſ磬ǰɽ᰻ӽֱҹʯ飬ħƲɵֱСΣĹ̫ǿħŸսӽͱ˷ֺ
ʹ赲磬ȻҲͬ᧿Σ
㸡ľ»ȻͬƵĻ¥½Զǰ
¥ǰ½Զ̧ͷȥûң֪ǿջǾ¥ֻԼڶϡ
½Զѭ̤Żɴ裬߻ŮĻЦ
Сһ𣿡
˭½ԶͻȻһĴȴӰ
С濡Ρ
˭ǣ½ԶܣȴֻɴʣûκһӰӡߵƻãᲦ½Զң
С𣿡
˭½Զɻ󣬲ͣؿܡ˵Ļ¥ĪزصЦ֣ÿ¡½ԶͷƤ飬ԮĴ·һ両Ƽʦôе㺦¡
½Զߣ㬵ת뿪ͻȻѸٹرգһ̷
СȻˣͲҪˣҰɡ
ߵżίͽ
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ߴһЦΪ⡣
С˵ЦڵѽҪߣҰɡ
ߵһһ䣬·ĳֵÿÿһ֣ڵĻһݣҲһ£ü٣ΪΣоеܡ
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Сǿɰڵѽ
½Զֻͷͣ忪ʼܿƣڵһȼգܡ
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Цչ̼½Զÿһ񾭡
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ׯüͷֵĽеľɭɭҶ
ܲԥׯٴκԥˣҪû£
ϯׯԵֵʱ³һѪ


12 Ա
߿ɳʯׯֵ籩ʵǿ˲䲻ܿƣؿһϣ漴³һѪ
ƣׯڽںˣʯϹĵƣ˿ڣʱѪ
ʦ֣ܲ״󺰣
ׯסѹڷܵҪңȥˣ
ܲԭأԥׯٴ׹䣬糤աȻȴһѪζ˿ǻͻȻ³ѪֻðǣҡҡλΡ
ܲջңǰׯȻ䣬ƿΧ
ȥˣȥ
ׯڲ
ܲһģ˵ʦסҿȥء
˵գһתġ
ĽѾɹ룬ŲƬ̣ۿͿ˴û
ׯƳܲɽᰱȥѾӰȻջ֣˸˲ʧ
ӴȥԱ漦ۣ
ׯջذڵϣϯȶ°ͿǶͤͤİҡͷ̾ף̾
ϵͳɣֵ15Ŭ
ׯ˿̾Ƿǳĺѽ
飬ׯǲֻڰߣǻ
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īͫڲزסı壬˿̲ϲʳ½Զǡڽ֪аԿĥ˺ѷεʹȫӡ
ܣʦôҿŲסˣָоᡣ
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ҪⲻʶԶϲס֡
½Զס˫ȣȻʹⲻһࡣ۵ѩ׼ڵһ𣬺٣ֻĳһܵý·һ˵ӿ
Ҫס֣Զס֣
ٰ㰧׶ģ½ԶֱϵĶȴԥͣ˫ȴʹͣ£ͣʦ֪ˣ϶ģҪʦ֪Ҫټˣ˭
ѪŵľڣҶܵһ쳣ȣһҽţ飬
̵Ƶֱ½ԶͷյֻʣµʹͰۿҪö֮ڡ
ͻȻźȻңʱɹſڵӰڴ󺰡
裡


13 п
ңڣܲŶ룬еغҶ֡
Ѱݣȴǰľ󾪵ͷð̡
Ҷ㣬½Զѹڵ϶ã¶ļ̼ܲʱ˫ͨ졣
ܲŭܹһ߿½Զңȥ½Զһ㣬ңڵϣĽ
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Сӣ㿴㶼ʲôӽ첻ͷ˾ͲܣܲսеĽǰˤ˺»˵ıȻС̣ж˿ͷ֮ޡ
½ԶңĹײñף͵ǵģʦ˵Ҳǹġ
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½ԶǽǣǱңĽ⻮ƣͣصѪ˿漴Ȼʹȴ䱾
Ѿ·ˣ½Զǽڣۿᣬܲధ󣬡ʦҽͣҲǹʦġҵ岻ܿƣģҡ
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ΪʲôǶңΪʲô½Զüͷ۵ۣǰ亹ֱ۽һֱѪ
ûĲңΪʲôǲңʺί̤ϰ壬һܲ˱һֱ
ǰ֣ˡֻܲǶͿ飬ʦ֣˶ٰ㲻ãͬ꣬ǴмӣӲǡȻȻΪνȴһҲԸ
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ǶңǶҡ½ԶڵϻŲұ۵˿ںһů룬һһա漴ǹƤϷ賤
ۣ½Զ˫Ŀգȭұ۵˿ڣҪˣۣͣ£
Ȼұ۵ܿƣէ֣ůȫһµĸ첲˿ڴ
ʦ֣ģôҪˣҪˡ
½ԶֻȥԼĻ֮ʣģʹǧָһο壬Ψһˡ
½ԶſڵϲͣﲻͣŴʦ֣ҪȥΨһԸٿһ۴ʦ֣ݸһЦȥҲûôʹˡ
ʶģ½ԶѾľоʹúֻۣ˯ȥ
˯ȥûô˰ɡ
½ԶۣͻȻϮһ˱ǡ
ӻӰɢͷ
һӰ½ԶһЦ
㻹û


14 Ǻò
Ϯ½ԶͷͣǲѪָŵƴǰ
ҡȣ˿Ǳӣ·СĺϷЦͷȤ
ǰ½ԶԶ˫Ųŵѣ壬ʹơǰ˳𲻱Ǳˡ
սֽȣŵϵ½Զ˵СӣһϤ
˵գ㽫ȷɳããУһ׹⻮Ⱦֱɨ½Զĺ󱳡·һƤ⣬Ϲ֮ʹӺȫӡ
ҵİƳҹ½Զ죬ʧѪɫ󱳵˿ѪĽǣ·ɺ÷ڡ
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½Զ˫ֽŵ棬ָ׷ȫϸɳָѾ۵ȫҹѪɫȾƮɢİʹʹ縡ƼҪץסĶȻʲôץ
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⡣
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ħ˭Ըѽǵģֻһͨˣʹһͨˡδ캦֮£СТ˳ף׿һµĺúӡ
Ҫ飬ǿûǮֻÿ˽ǽǣ͵Ρÿն͵͵衣ѧÿնΪð
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15 
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16 Ҫǿ
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17 ׷ϳ
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18 鹫
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19 
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20 ʧ
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21 Ѫħӡ
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ϵͳ򸱱ɣõҩ衣ɣǺøжѴ20Ŭ
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˼ǰУ½ԶϽܵׯߣӣʵʦϻ𣿡
ׯŻһƣ룬޿˿̼̬䣬ɵģͷƶʱɢԹҲʧӰ٣Ȼúÿ˶࿴ۣȻͻá
½ԶͷǼк͵ǣΨִʦʲô⡣
ׯͷӭĿ⣬ǳЦӯӯش𣬺ȻƳ¶ļԼгĺۼ漴ǿϸ鿴ֻۣѣĲһȦһȦƻڡ
ҶͷһĻæչ½ԶĺۼĵʵԶôˣôô۰
½Զͷȴϵ״Ҷ赣ǵֻ֪ãȻؿׯʦ֡
ׯԴû£ǱӰ죬ûд󰭡
ʦֵһϯ綨룬½ԶҶʱ㰲Ĳ١Ȼʦ˵ûǱûˡ
Ψܲ½Զ˻ħˣҪҪϻӡǣǸɶ
½ԶŰԹԵׯ󡣻ΪԼҪأԭ龪һҺдʦڡ
ɫۼӡ䣬֡
ⲻʲôӰ죬ӡǾΪΣׯ֪
Ѫħӡħϵ͵λ
ӡһѣ½Զȫħ
ԣڡѾʼô
ׯ˼ڤ֮ʣУĿĵءʯ׳ǡ


22 ʯħ
ʯ׳԰ʯеķݽ԰ʯɣĿģ˵ص羰
Ϊ¥ʽķשټܵͼơǵȻǰȴһħռ졣ħձкգҹڰС
ʯ׳ǵİʦʿħȻħŹ֣һգ۵Ĺƾʧץ
ϵͳĽܣׯܿ˽⡣ʯ׳гֵħʯħˣȻΪ뻨ħ࣬ȴҪħ߹ܸλħմϵϵȻͬѰ
ׯһڽֵϣ۲֣ͬҲûʲôˡǺʯħ׳š
ϡŹ֣Źϡ棬ҿûʲô¡ܲ˫ֽ汧ۣҡǰ棬ܵ
ǰӭһȺˣΪ׵Ӵǣһׯ֣󺰵Сϣ
ׯڤ˼룬˼ͻȻͷȥֻһīɫ۵ӣ洺磬ԼϲЦӯӯ˵һպȽϺʡ
ߵׯߣһļ򣬵ͷЦСϣ²ǲˣ
ׯüͷͷǰӣĿǣüһɰ룬ҶԼзۺ̺ۣϵĽźɫͬĽĽ롣
֪˭ˡ
ɹ𳤵Ĵӣַ壬λڰϱߡ
ķ壬԰Ϊ壬Ϊʦ
ַ壬Ϊʦÿܡ
壬Ϊʦҩ
Įɷ壬ʿΪʦ󷨡
˵ţҪ˭ׯͷΣŵڶһʱԵʼׯ㺡
˵λϲң
Բۣׯһ޿šԲԣϲׯھׯǰҲû֪ͨһ⻹иպ
ׯԼĬһãȻӣգǲ˵ˣҿˣ
ձۣʱһƬׯæ֣Ūҵװģ˵ͥڣɺͳ
һЦԴ˵СϣԽԽװģˣԽԽˡ
˴εһһ۵ס½ԶɫʮѿӣǣȻЦ̲ס͵ۡ
ʦֱ§ڻܵĶȻ֮࣬һЩʣ
ׯͷشʵ֣˼˵ȻգϽϸ˵ҾͲˡ
ȫľʾǰսׯȻִؿڣޱ飬˵
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ҡͷЦЦ˫֣˵ˣСĲҷ
صһ״̬˲У˵صһһʮʵʵؽ·з˻㱨ϵס
ׯһ·һ·ʯħͽħ壬кλħ壬Ȼؿȡ˾ԪڰûӦǷ
ǺΪʯ׳ǣ
ׯͷϸ룬ʯħħϵУ֮ǰǡ
˵ˣв˶һֽСʯ벡Ĺֲȫļɫۡ
ͻȻׯ˼ӻͳһŻֻֽֽ̯װŻɫƬϸϸܡׯֻһۣͷƤ飬Ƥ
ҴӵòϹģȥ壬ҩʯҽ
°õݸߵһλʦܣׯǰУ˵Լҡ
һܹ֮ǰʯ׳ɱħǽԼҡλʦֵסһҲиӦׯûߡ
תͷƳһֱһλŮӣŰѽͶҪˡ
û´ĻӦǳ֮ˣ뷽跨עΪϲΪԼǵ׷ġ
Ůţ鷳ׯҡҡͷ̾λҲʡ͵ĵƣĹô򷢣¡
Ÿո֮̾ׯһŤͷֿ½ԶٶһͬҪ죬ʮضعͷӭĿ⣬ͻȻɬصͷأǰС
ţ鷳ׯٴҡҡͷ⺢ͬҲʡ͵ĵơѭŷ½ԶĿ⣬ׯȻڡ
ħֱ۾˫۱𣬵½ԶСǯסͷקͷ¡
һһ䣬ϸ룬ׯȻһӡУ½ԶδʲôڣΪ䵽۰Ľ֣ѵΪԼߵ̫
ׯƴڻЦתͷ˿½Զͷ
Ȼ˺ԼԼ׽֮˶úԼҲøʬ޴³
ǰԼңͻȻǰһУ󺰣
ׯһۣϽѭȥ˽
һɫƬĴͷһСкǽߣׯѸھԾֱʯħ
仯ˡʯħ㣬ͻȻϵкӹĹ
ׯ״Ȼ䵯ǰסСȷڵϺ˳ֽ׷ϣȻŻǰʯħȴͻȻûӰ
һŻվǽϣҲûȥôö˶ƾʧ


23 м
ʯħӰСһֱڿ֣Ҫؼҡׯ˼Ҫ׷ѰʯħС㣬һʲô˷۱ֻˡ
ӻؼңȻԼңׯСУת뿪
ɽȴϷִҪ׷ɱʯħŷħʧĵطҪǻأȥ׷
ħնԾͷƴʯħѾɱֻкգԴħ壬
ׯϻأ˵ɽᰵȻأվħĶ֣һóȻǰ̫Σˣס
УһǰҲģȻԼң´ӳ顣
ɽᰲᣬΧǽϸ鿴Ҫǰħܣ漴˵ض˵Ҳǡ
ȥ˾ͲûˡׯСյ̬ȣݷ
ܲ˿ˣæȰʦֵİɣһȥ̫Σˡ
Ȱ裬ȻԽֲ£һȺΡʱҶæߵɽߣӣֺЦʦ㣬ϴνʽһûѧأٽ̽Һòã
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Ҷĸ첲ҡΣɽᰴƽһģȻܲҶĥӲֻ룬Ч
ɽڰջħ˿Ҷ裬뿪˵ʱ򡣡
ҶæЦŸ棬תͷׯգգۣʾѾ㶨ˡ
ׯһҺСʦڣһүǺһүǲŹ֣Ȼɰ塣
ɽѾԶׯСҲ뿪չƤЦ˵СһȥҲģ㡣
½Զ״Ҳæ˵ҲȥҲҪʦ֡
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˵С졣
ӷܸоһ˫۾ԼԭС㡣ȻСƨ¶࣬ëû֪ͱ
½Զߵׯߣߣ˵ʦ־͹ˣߡ
ʾקׯĸ첲ߣ˵˰壬ߡ
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ׯȥСͣޣ簡ôʲôù¶ײأ
ˡׯٲֹǣԼҪ룬ԼȥˣȻذɡ
˵գȾܣƵĿ񱼣ٶ˦Ӻü֡
µĶ˻δӦֻׯֻߵıӰ½ԶȻعæܹȥʦ֣ȵң
Ҳ磬ƨɺܣ󺰵СϣѸˣ
ǻʧɢСؼҵĺ˺£ݱ˵ĽսׯС߱ڣѣͼ˦Ķˡ
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ͱһ˱Сǰ񱼣׷ϣ˺׷һȺͷ׽׳
Ҳݣһ˵ãΪʲôù
׷ˣڳ֮ĴԼңַܲĵӳԾѰȥˣҶںԺϰɽ᰽Ľ
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ʦ㣬ҵʲôôû
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ôҶ°ͶҪˣ⻹㸻ҪʲôŽи
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Ҷɽ᰸ĸճסЦʵĸڻǶӣǿ϶ǣҰɡ
ɽ᰺üͷһ˿·𴥼ĵʹһǡߣȴ·ǧضں䡣
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ɽҡҡͷûǶŵ棬˫˪ۣ·𿴾
Ҷ費£ֻϽתƻ⣬æ˵ʵһǺĽʦģ㻹ǵõʲôǵá
ĻԽ˵ԽСҶҲͷŵ棬ҪŬѰҴǰļ䣬Ȼһ̣ټ
ɽ˿üͷ΢ʵ㲻ǵǰ£
ҶҡҡͷǵãһӡûУ᲻˭˯ŵʱ͵ҵļ䣿߸һ˸Դ
˿£˴ȤЦϣôӣ֪գǡ
˵ģһɿ϶˭͵֮ǰļ䣬Ȼôһ㶼벻ҶſʯϣͷɽᰣҵļǴʦͽ￪ʼġ
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԰Ҷ϶صͷԼԼֻǵʦ˵˵ʲôҲáȻ͸ѽ
ɽǽ·˼ʣͼǰ£
Ҷ룬кüηǳŬ룬ԽԽͷۣ·ҪըˣȻҾˡ
˵꣬ɽ᰺ٺٵЦһûûûͷûԵģ񲻼ǵǰҲûʲô˵ģڹúܺð
˵һ룬ͻȻԶСﴫײ⻮ߣһ˲䵹£磬սҡ
ˣҶָŽâĵط˶һۣ漴սеĽæȥ
ׯִˣֱ̹赲һҪԴ


24 С
СȫͻؼҺׯ㱻С˵ҪԱԣܲ˴ˣ
С²ø翴û͵§ׯĲӣƤЦ
ׯ뽫ĸ첲ȻκԼû˾
Ҿȥ
ǺҲƫƫ§Ÿׯо촭ǵͨ죬˿ң鷢ɢǰ
ɢͷЦͷҲúᣬ˿ʲôӣ֪ĻΪûкúõ㡣
ׯݺݴͷ֣˸ۣ˵ҿǷ̡
Цֱ½ļƣôң
ҡׯ˵һȭߣ˾ǷǷʰôңҿƤˣǷʰһﲻ̹
У߰ɣСһᡣׯԺС֣һǰһһһ
ǽǵ½ԶŽнԶĶˣܲζׯ߳һͷĿ࣬ͦΡƽٷĴʦߣȴԵʮֽС
˲УһһززһԴ䣬ôġ䡭
½ԶıӰ漴ͷ˿ԼһȣԼԵø⺢ˣݹᾣʦֻϲ𣿻˵ʦָϲģ
СׯУʱ佣ͷף¡
ׯˣͻȻ°һʯӣĲһۿҪ£ֱ̹һ̱ҪԴ
Ѹջһתɵׯȱסˤ
Сϣ˲ˣֲ粻ܿôƵġ
ׯվȺ͵ƿŸһ˭ֽ͵ϮҪʹթͳҽꡣ
ƽӲϷģãչˣƤӶ
ȻһжڲԶ½Զһ·βС֣Ŵʦ֣û
Ǹ˳ǰʦֻõģΪǸˣʦֽ춼ûۿôʦֱǸ˹ߡ
½ԶͷѰҽűߣһʯ˵࣬ʱ׼Ȼͬʱ棬ͬһʯͷ׼
ͬһʱ䣬͵Ϯ˽ʯͷ
Ӵ˭ѽͻȻʯͷ󱳺Դϣ۵ðǣŶͷǰ󺰣ĸ˵
ĶͬʱһͰίʮģʦ֡
ׯͬʱˣ㵵ı鼸һޣһߣ⡭Ե
˸Լʦ֣½Զվׯǰͷӻ˻ΣС˵ʦ֣Ҹ㰾࣬ȥһںòá
ׯűð˿̿½ԶԹԵӣ˲٣ִͷЦãҵСҡ
ҵġСš½Զﷴĸ֣ҵġʦ˵ġ
ġ
½Զߺקׯӣ뿪ͷֹʦָ߰ɡ
ȻһߵĻͲ½˺гˣ֮קĶ䣬ʦֲ֣ˣˣ
Ŷۣвۣ֣Ҫקˣ
֮漴֣뿪һ·һ·˵ַܲܲ嶪㿴˼Ұ˶
תͷׯ½Զ˵˵ЦЦģŻӵۣ˿ָֻ̱״̬
Ȼֻ֪Ϊ֪һ棬᲻ţ˱ףȴ۸
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һϮµۣŰԼڡ
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ׯ
𳤵״ӣׯ
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СһƬžż紵֦ɳɳ졣
Ҷ߳½ԶʧıӰδ½ԶģһֱǹɶµӡԭҲȻǸȴ
½ԶӰʧ۵ףҶͷɥ뿪ԭװһôܣǸﻹװűˣãȻʧ
Сָֻ˼ž֦ҡڣҶ
ܲҶ轥Զ֦ʧıӰ·ֻصʱǸʧǵСѾͷһڴε
˻ȥ˺Ҳߣʼա
Ȼδܹ
ã롭
İСѾͷȴΪһ˻겻ᣬܲһŻؿ޴ȭͷǰ֦ϡ
Ӵȭͷϣ˲䱻̴һѪֹܲ۵۽УңȻȥҲۣ
һ׹漴һԵȥܲһ˿ĭžýң뿪
Ȼ£һϹϵ֦˲ķɢһء
Ͽգɽ֦Ʈҡ紵ɢ˿ӹգҶ
µĶԹ鰮⣬ĿһֱŽʧ½ԶƵ޺ģȻȴԺл֮ȥ׺޶¡
ʱ꣬ĸ׻Ѫ²壬ǱսԡѪɱеĽһڽϣ̳˺ϣԶĻȰ
ɽᰣ˾һĺˣסΣ
ڶʱ⣬ʱ꣬ɽ᰿ѽʧ½ԶǸӵ׽͸
ΣҲĳޡ
ɫ˸˼ԼԷ
ͬʱڣʯħִ֪ץʮͯӵһʯڡǵѪ߻󷨣ȻǿϨ
ʯħܻѾǵھŰʮһʧˡץű޵Сŭ㣡
СӳԶץһŭҲ㣡
𣿡ʯħյһСǰĿģŵСޣʪ˿ӡ
СǵķңڵϷҡͷ˵Ҳ㡣


25 ֱץ
ҹׯȡ·ڣ⿪ͻȻš
ʦ˯𣿡
½ԶվӵѯͬŵؽȥȻ̧ͷƼׯī٣üĿǣ¸ͣס
½ԶóһʱԭأҪʲô
ׯӣͷЦЦ漴ߵߣԴ˵иСɵӣ֪˭˻ꡣ
½ԶعԼŴʦֿãɬصͷ֧֧ʦְ·˰ɣҡȥϴ
ׯ⣬⺢ӴҹžΪ£
ҵ·࣬ˣϽȥ˯ɡ
½Զæ̧ͷֱǰŷŵףȥ´£ϸȴʮּᶨˣҪϴ
СǸ§ŴʦְôôûŪ࣬ʦֵϲ˵ĺۼһҪϴ
ׯִҪϴֻԼ·⺢ӾͷţƵģ˳Żô졣
ׯŵ´˸½Զ״æȥɺá
ϸ˱ӣһһѯûиǺãû©磬ûů͡
ׯεЦЦСŶҪˡ
½Զſͷߣ°ֱׯؾĲ
谵ҡҷͦıӣӣ촽ݽȻǳǳϸˮ
ʦÿѽ
ǰ֪оɫˡ

֮زز仪
ɽ½Զ֪ѾΪׯĴԣ񣬳вԸ԰Ρ
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ɢĳڶǰ½Զٴο񣬶ɢʹۣׯָüëȥ᲻÷֡
ǵľٶ˶ɵһׯܵĴУСţ㡭
½ԶȻع񣬷ԼŴʦֵ֣ȻߺӶ쵽ӣͷ޲굽ط
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ׯŵͷûӰ½Զüͷ΢һɻ⺢ӣôֵֹģ
˶ȹһҹûûεĳ⡣
գׯŸԵʦʦڴϣҹʯħˣץʮСֳһ
ϣȺɧͻȻߴ˴󺰣ˣȾҵĺӣ
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׷ׯԾ˷׷ս
ʯħɫƬȭͷĶ߾ų߽ɣÿһ涼ڲǸġٽġӡ
׷һսǣʯħȻӰһģһö˶˵һת۲ӰôͷƾʧݵҲô׵¡
Ѱ˿ׯͷǽǣϵͳĽܣ±⡣
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˸ʱͻȻײһȺɵĵӣŽѲӡ
ԭ磬ħ硣еɳ˲⣬кɡԴɡԪɡɡɣּͬޣͨײĺɣ䶷սӶԴ
ⲻǲɵôһɫҴңȥͶ̥𣿡Ϊ׵һָׯһʵ
ֺܲʱҲ˵ӴⲻǺɵǰ˵ץħôħأħûץСץ˲١
㣡ӱǺԶԣܲ
ׯ˽ţϽͣ˵֪ɵΪ˵أͬΪħҵһͬǰС
֪ħ䣿ӿׯϸģ̬ȻҲػʡ
ׯͷָָһǣǵѭŷȥֻƵİͮΧơ
ãһԡջسʵׯһֱ
ǰܼžҶׯպðһȺ˽ڡɫŻ򿪣ܵĻҳǵص䣬ʯħռ󣬳˱㲻ٽӽһ˵˴ɨҶأ
ׯǰСÿһ鿴֪ܵʲô󷨡
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½ԶׯǰȥץӣһϮӾУľ죬˱紵ۡ
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½ԶӴ󺰣ׯ̧ͷֻ罫˾УץסȻǿէ֣½ԶʧӰ
ׯļ٣սˣֱ̨סһס˵ôôļƲҶһǰô죿
ܲҲϽǰ˵ѽʦ֣زģȻȥڵ߰߰ɡ
ׯ͵˦ˣ࣬Ž̨ףᶨһҪ
˵ձ̨ףεҡҡͷ棬ҲֻܼǰС
½Զʯڣǰ׹ǣѪĺͯʬ塣
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½ԶۣȻƼǰųªŵûһŲְ߿Ҫ˹֣߿
ʯħһķӦŭȷʵòÿӦҲôҰɣħлûж˸ҵ˵
С˵ҳ󣬿ҲѪʯħ͵ǰһˣץס½Զĸ첲ϻǿ·ʳѪ
ͻȻէʯħ½ԶĺۣŵԭزҶ
½Զһ߿·ˣһԵĽ
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ʯħعʶԼðͻȻϥأͷȵ飬ˡ


26 Ҷ
ׯ̨ǰ㣬ߣˡ½ԶɵԽԽ콫˦˺Զ
ϵͳٺٺ٣ˣŬɣ
ׯǿǻʱ䣬Ҫʲô
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Цڣÿһ䣬·޴ءȻƬԺЦȻֹ漴ģͬޡ
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ϲ˲ϲ㣬Ŀ棬֪ΪʲôΪϲֻǰ֮ţɱԺ˾ֻῴˣ

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½Զ¥ϴæǰŵøУʦ֣


27 ȾѪ
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죬ӳ½ԶȾ˫ŭۡȻҡҡλεׯѪ˿ڣ۵ػʦ֡
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28 Թ
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29 ȻĶ
ׯŻ˼Լĺ˼ͻȻ۵ֺãסתΪϲЦ
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30 ʦֽ̻
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ׯҧ촽˵ֲ˵ߵģʵǡ̲סƵƾէйһ컡
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½ԶȻ˿ֿ˿棬߬½ǣ·ⱲӵþⱲӵҲ޺ſ˫֣죬

ׯͻȻͷһ漴ִչȥ뻳
˽ʦֵĻ½ԶͷţһŵĶΧǴʦ϶еζÿÿżеġ
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𣿻ûҪҪϢһ£
½ԶܵȵĴУǼһᣬС
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34 
ʯ׳ǻԺһøպɽׯ½Զһĵ̡
ɽƫԶС·УӲϾôУֺαôԶôưܵСɽͷ
ҶɱִҶ֦졣
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ׯ־ﻹսٻصӣסͷЦһװģ˵ˡ
Ϣһ¡
½Զ붼û룬ׯߵһԵĴʯ¡ȷһţʲôȲʦϢҪ
ׯϵִԴ͵ЦΪͣô׾ͺֻۣǽ½Զֻ˼࣬ոϰӲãװģ͵ȻСһ¾ûӣЪϢ
Ũ⣬ԣּС֮ʱУ·˹
ʦ֣ʦְģϽģ˲ˣ
ׯȥһλСʦܻһ㣬һ°һڿл裬Ƶĳ¡
Ӵ˵ʦ֣˼һаƨôҲ
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Сʦܷ·˵һ㣬͵һĴȣٴΡӴһ˵ʦ֪㱻˶ϳĺɴ
ׯ½Զһۣʵԩ޳𣬺ö˶˵ģô˳ͻ
ӴʦְҲ֪ʦַŶѾ˼ҴˣȥƣϽȺȥ
СʦܼתׯҪһֱֳȻׯȴһ㶼קסĸ첲˵ȵȡ
ӴʦٵƨɾҪճɻˣϽȥϽͳɣҰá
ׯҡҡͷƿ֣˵ǡ
СʦȻֱĴȣٶһžֱ˵һͨ
ʦְϽȥɣĥˣٲȥŶҪ˼̤ƽˡ
ׯ·δߴתͷ½Զĸ첲ǹȥɡ
˵գֻһǰһСʦܲ뿪ԭء
%#*&*%
СʦֻֻڿкұȻﻹ֪ڽЩʲôŽԶȥӰһڷҡ
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˵ֻճֽ̹ȥܲҲǺ˵սң¶ԷŹ仹ƤЦؿŶԷ˵˵λ֣׷ǹһ͸Ҵûȣⲻ̫ðɡ
㣡Ǻ죬ˣƤӵĹܲƵڶ˸ҵһ
ܲһʹˣɵӷ׷Χָȵ֮Σֱ޳ܣ
ҳ֮ΣָܲԼһֱŵģ·˵Ǹ˲ԼҳʲôΣˣǴʦȱ첲ǶȰҹǾ˵ҳ֮Σһ˵ǳûˣֱ޳
˫ǹս֮ʣׯæҴҸ
˷׷׻ͷׯǰһԹػʦ֡ʦǰѱչأһдС˽ɴʦִ˿̶Щʦʦ˵ׯɾĹǡ
ֻׯܲǰһȺڵĺֵӣη壬üۼ޷˵ļᶨз˾Ӱɸ֡
ֻׯӰЩŮӽסЦüۣ뿴ֲ˼һͷӶ̾
ʦֹȲҵĶҪˣ
ҲҲǣʦǷĲѡô˼Ӣţ

ׯȻ˫ֱǰգȻ⻹鵽ܵ캦ߵĹǰׯһķžӣʵһƨĻһ䶼©⣬áĻ̲סĴָӣ񲻴
ȻȺлһˣͬЩȴٰ㲻ζŶһʦ֣üңԶ
ߣȴɽ
ĽׯˣȻȴδƼװģؿ˵һ£ɵĹչԵţʦչأ´£һ
´ׯԷģ˵ҲλǻҪҲͬºɴգ¼Ȼ˵һ֪Ҫν
ׯֱֶգ˵Ҫδ
ִеֿܲ˵ѪծѪʤӮһʹӮɴ˺£ԺΪ𡣡
һڳеӷ׷ۣⲻǶı䣬Ƕɵ֪λӻӦԡ
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ȵȣôףûթ
ׯѸ˼Ժ󣬻˵ȣȻƬ̣Ҳûʲô±㻺һͷգɫᶨ·־ڱصã
á
Ȼ䡪
ϵͳµѿ½Զ䣬Ŭ
ׯʲôʲô񣿣´˵ܲ㣡


35 
ϵͳѿԴ
ׯǣ˵ŵΪʲôҪôӣǴ˲ɲȱˣϽջȥ϶Ǹˡ
ϵͳ˴ľ£һ֤½Զһʤ
ׯ˵½Զӡӳ֣ڶԷ֮¡
ϵͳڶ֤ܲʧܡ
ׯwhatǸʲôɻ
ϵͳ񽻴ϣٽ
ׯûֵ¹ϵͳԽԽˡʤȯյıԣȴԷܲ졣ؼ½ԶӮˣⲨֵˡ
ںǱߣ˸ⲨֵҲˡ
ٷ۲ߣʦԷһСС½ԶȴӮˣִһֵ
Tɣ
ׯϵͳ㣬ɣ½ԶӮɡ
ϵͳݷ½ԶʱֵڶԷ֮ϡ
ׯĲ𣿲˰ɣ
ϵͳ˵ɡ
ׯǣúһϵͳ
ռׯĬãǰһսеĽ˵һ ҳս


һ ϾǶԷĴӣô˵ҲҪͬݵλӭսʲôܶӲܶ
漴ֻׯͬǰһУᶨӭս
ɵϯӶսؼ߶ÿΡգòѪжһաׯͲض˵ˣһģ֮
ΧһԵڶŮӽס۷Ź⣬ֻˮֱⳡӾʢ磬Ȳԣǹغս˭ǣ˭ܸʤһ
˳ֽţһͻȻⲻƽǴʦʧֻۿ壬۸ˡ
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ׯԴϣժ·ǰ˿ɢ·绪īϵķƮ裬һ˿Ӳʣ˼ֲʳ˼̻
Σ
λӼׯ˫ĿԹԱ㬵ض󲻸˵Ҳƿԣԡ
ӡׯĿӣֻƾһ˫Ϣ仯֪Էλúʽֱִ̹ׯһԷĽī׷ɡ
ׯһתվ۷ɼ¡ңңɽΡɽˬ٣Ѵҡ
һǳɵĶͶڶŮ̾
ʦ̫ӢˣҪޣ
ҿˣұޣԶʦ֣

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˵ĽУʣׯȻ׾Ӯõһԡ
ɫ࣬˵һԣȭˣڶԲ֪˭ӭս
δׯشܲԼشظ·ڱصã˵үҿţǱˣҾͶˡҲˣǴʦֶ򲻹ҸˣҪ˵ǸϽǸˣǴдͲƽˣˮˮ߸ĵ
ʦһƣʱðɣָӺȵ⣬˭˭Ӯ֪أʱ
ӴСëСⳤİɡ
ܲ˫ֽ汧ۣͷۣӣǲмһССëҲҳԲѷʵȤ֪˭
ׯ˳༤æϣ˵Ҫԣԣϳɡ
˵գתܲļߵһԾ۵ڶ
ܲңڼͷﻹһݣŲǰ༥ӣ׼һǰ
ԷƼݣԼһͷָܲŶԷЦСë˵ٳʮҲδشùҡʦƣ·򻹲֪˭Ҫ
֪˭Ҫ
ׯ̲סʹܲӡڸ·ùˬ𣿣
ׯڸ̾ûˣֻ˳ֽƣâңЯ磬ˡ
ʵ⣬˶óⳡܲӮˡ
ׯϸ˹УֻУܻܲʤҪϽ취֮öԷӮĲоҪġ
˳ཻܲȻֵмܲסϥأ˫ֳֽĽǰƽ֮˽ΪܲҪӮˣͻȻׯ˸ֵֻӽ磬·һ뽣УѸٱлؽѸͽ
ͻȻĹܲ⧲ׯ״һСʯӴںֵӵϡֻ˽һתֱ̹ܲļƣ˲Ѫ
ڶϵģܲˡ
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ܲҧأǺ죬ңֱֵӣǳ̵ģȻģֲ
ս˻һ˾ˣѵȾû𣿡
ׯ״Ҳæܲصˡ
ܲһջңԷһڣɽᰣ˵Ҫ
տ˿ׯʵɺӭս
ׯ΢΢ףĬƬ̣½Զ
ʲô
ΪԼˣ׷׿½Զʦ־ȻҪӭս
½Զͬʮ𾪣ãȻָָԼ
𣿡


36 ⰵ
ڵӸĿ࣬ׯٿ½Զ°ͶҪڵϡ
ܲӶҪɳׯ޲ýͷֱ˵һ飬ʦ֣дˣɽᰲ½ԶôֶǴˡ
ׯδ½Զᶨ½Զû˵
У½Զֻǰһ˫һۿԼУԽɽ·ؼ䣬ֻֻװ˺üԣݣָǳ⡰㲻СΨ˸㡱
һնԿ㣬һǰգһ߶ֻ
˽ͷӶ۷׷ס
𣿴ʦ˵Ǹ½Զأù𣿡
ʦǲħˣôҪĳЦ𣿡
ˣҿⳡ䶨ˣԺҪСˣôţʦչҲȥ˼ҡ
ҿɡ

ܲͬҲǺɸֵؿׯ޲ܳȥԴ˿ǲǽˮˣôؼ£ôͷҪһ
½ԶͷĬã˫ȭ¶ġʦʦ֡
ͷӭׯĿ⣬ᶨشǰߵߣ·ⱲӵӦΣ˵ӭս
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½ԶͷŻЩųڿʦ־һ㶼ˡ
ɵң̾ϢѾ˼Сˡߵ˶½Զ´״УׯܲжţҲСǰλСӣδš
ֻһλ˸ĿӴ߳һִһֻظŴɤźλСܵܡ
ׯߵһྲ˶սڵӽԴҪ꣬һԷӽ½ԶˣһСĴָܹ˦졣
½Զ˶սĽﷴԼԵģʦܹʦֵΡȻܴ˻㣬ӦҲûġ
λĺֵӼ½Զ·ڳ񣬶˵ֽ̹ȥթô˻һбɴ
ǰȻ½ԶѸٲһתӯ㿪ǿӽƣ½ԶһѸٱ任ʽִԷ󵯿׼ȻһƣԷؿˣҵֲЩһƨˤڵϡ
㵽ΪֹʤѶ½ԶԷȭʮǫѷ˵á
תļѰӰȻףĿײׯο½ԶϲЦȥ˽Ļ
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ˡ
½Զ۸ŹڽűߵˣѾûзŻʤϲŶ°ܽܿܵ·ʤΪűߴݵɥ֮ȮָоĪϤϤѾϰΪ
½Զͷһ𣬲֪ģϲ߹µĸоŶԷܣֻһһԼŵףͰ͵̧֣ȫƾϲŭ
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·һɷ磬˻Ұãƽʢţǧ죬ν·ʲô·ڻʲôҪǣӵС
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Сţ
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½ԶŻɫ԰׵ˣּʦˣΪˣΣλǱ˰㡣
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ڵȻη壬һֱ׳ӣ˵ùײԹˡ
䣬ֻ½Զֳһͷʨӳֱ£ɭȻȵ
˻ҵزһ㣬Ȼα׾δȫͷ½ԶȻʹһ첲Ѫ

Ŷϱ۵˿ڣһ·գ֡½ԶȻ׷ŹֽԴͻȻһңĹ
ܲݺݵظһȭͷˣǳҪȥ裬ˮ
ӽϻտ˿ĸ첲ܲˣǵĹһһ·ʦܻȥ¡
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½ԶջæܹȥһѱׯֱԷ˷׷׸ܲƳһգû˵߰ɡ


37 
ׯڴϣɫ԰˫۽գ촽ҲʧѪɫ½Զſ߿üۣҲžһţ·һֻȮػԼľ²ȥ
սܲߣһׯϰ˽ϢķӦҶԡ
񣬻ܳżʱǱϽҵβݸⶾԶ˫ĥɷۼ尾⻹Ҫ
ȵȣȵȵȣһ˵ô࣬ļǵסһһ˵ܲĳҩһһûģһͷ
ն˶٣٣Ҫҩĺͼ尾һһϸ˵
ⶾķЩ඼ð죬Ψβݡ˵űҡҡͷ·ѣĬƬ̺󣬼˵βݳڿֵأǰħĽ紦Ƹӳħûġ
ȥ
δս˵꣬½ԶæվŴϻԲѵˣգٴμᶨȥβݡ
˽ԻȻֵǺεȵطڳ֪ǵаΪʦ𣬵ΪѰβҲûħܾˡ½ԶȻ˵ҪȥСǵ治֪˵ն񣬻ΪӮһԾƮƮȻ֪ˣ
Ҳȥ
δ˵ҶҲԸվ
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մӻͳŷݸˣ˵ǴϢڶǰʱħ
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ߺܲҲ̷Ըʦܰҩİҩĥ۵ĥۣԺԼҲæɽᰳȥյҪȥҩġ
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С·ͷֻһĲݵأȻҲǺڵģֻж˿һСŰɫëǰȴݴﴫЦһȴڶħ֣˯ǷǡŮá
˲Լͬصͷ˼ٿ½ԶŽ£վﲻҪȥ
˵գҶվԭأԼǰݵء
Ҷһȥ溰Զ

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ڵУһαׯ˵ȼҪػһʦ֡
ׯ½Զ󣬿ҰͿظ˸Ц˵·УʦܻǾȥ·ǼСҪԷˣˡ㣬롣
˵գׯǣ½ԶѸ뿪ɽ·ڶһ̾ͲӰҰһվԭĥŷŵĻʲôǼҡСšĪǡ


43 籾
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ڵغѾѪǰڡ½Զƽζͣһһٻ˵ҹڷߣʦֿǧҪ
˵Ȼһʹͷ˫ĿɢͻȻ̸½Զعͷ˴ſڳ漴Ѹɿԣͷ˿µʯף˼

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½ԶۿǰׯָڶͷϣС죺ʦ֣۰
ׯĶͷһԵҰϹʵСԶôˣôö˶˵ͻȻˤˣ˵ȥ½ԶȴׯȻһ侶ֱ˦
ׯͷ̨޶Եԣƽº͵ɫѵ˷ŭתͷҰȻǹͣʦܺúùܽԼˣʦܣ㲻ۡ´Σĳ飡
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44 佻֯
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ǰаԹ뿪󣬰ߵǰܺİţ漴߽
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С͵
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45 
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Ҷ˿ֻһʵԶأʦôһ
ܲһƣڴʯϣһֻŲ棬ΪͷΪشôֲ֪Ļ׳棬ô֪ҲȥˣûΣա
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Сׯȥˣ
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46 Ѫ
ׯؿڣʯڴڴǧ粨ӿС
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47 Ԯ
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48 һ˲
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49 ޳
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50 ҹʥ
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51 ּɻ
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ͷһⱻ˷棬ɫʮѿ˵˵ؾܾȻܰðǲ
Ҫ𣬻Ҫ㿴Ű죬㣡


52 ˽
ϰ˵ĳ˿ûиȶأׯ̧ͷۣм˼ֻɢܿٵȥҹֻһܵӰ죬ʱһŻҡ
ҪɹֻгȿСȻŻ֮ȣһĸȻѡСţʱ˵˵ģѵ޼ƿʩ
ׯȻЩ꣬üͷŵһԣֻ顣֮δϵҲ֮Сһʼĺܶ鶼޷ȫԤϣȻÿΣһһΣֻҪ½Զմϵϵ飬ķңˡ
˼ķʱͻȻоӱ˭˳תͷȥֻ½ԶӣֹĬƬ̣ջ˵ʦ֣㲻ҪΪѣûϵġ
㲻Ҫ˵ˣҵġ
ׯ̷½ԶĻشһ취ģ롣
½ԶüͷϵҲƽĵºͣվɽۣ֮ʦ֣˿ȴƵ೾âɢȥһ䡣
½ԶЦЦ˻Σ˵ʦ֣㻹취𣿡
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ׯӭĿ⣬ؿ˿˼ȴ޻˵
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δׯش½Զϵĳȣ˵ǲǸȥ׼׼ˣ
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ׯ뿪ѾʧˣԭһҶ˻ĸ첲ίʦ֣ҪԶܲķӣ
ܲȴ·һֻ߹Ҷ裬һʱȵӣ˵ţʦָ˵ڲǿҪףСԸ룬һһ½ԶܱԲ˧Сĵ϶סȻǿ᲻һ㣬ģԣλȨҲУ½Զ̯£Ҳˣء
ҶһۣҪôʦֵóģ˵ˣ˵
ܲһģʹļ׵ط̾ˣȻô˵װʦ֣ʦʹ
ׯδԶ˵ۼ½Զű뿪кܲˬζһֱǸԼġ
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뿪ַʿĴߣӰڽֵšһòʮĸӵһ޶ֻظεˣ;ֶѡ
ʿһ·ţڰ￴ؽ־ŵ̯źڲвЩȸԾǿ˼ʹܴΪƱΪЩϧ
ϧִżʲôأ󻹲Ǹ֮һ档
ţʿȻһĨЦ谵УĴָϵĴָ̹⡣ָˣһһŸڴȥ
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ˣµһֻ˲¹ͷޡ˻ߵؾ˰׶ޣҰ͡ҷбڲˣǱɣȼŴڵϴȻջǻΪһƻҽͽ½
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ͬʱϣղŸսչأӶѨڳͬߵĺ⣬λãǰµķ룬ǰ£ĳֲõԤУֻϣҪݲźá
æ֮ʱѾһƬ棬ֵûӰûӰҲûӰһĳţֻнű߲δվʬŷݵĲҾϷ
ԭصδлعͻȻһӰǰȿ˺ſ˵ȴͻȻӭȹһĶ⡣
յȴżЦָŵϣΣҪνͣ
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ӵĽͣЦΣ֮ʧ
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տ⣬ҲûĻε˼еŭǿҡͻȻԭ򣬲ʣǾڲᣬֻաȻͬǲ˵ʹ֮ʹĿԣǲ˵
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һΰ꣬ŵ̫̫࣬ൽҲ˵ŰţԭʱգԲһ˶ѣһʹԼԩίҲԸԸˡ
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ϵͳԣӦػ֥ݣֻҪܸݾȡ֥
ׯǰݵĸӽϡһƬһƬҶӷ˦ţһֻ㣬Ĵݺɨ
״漴ŽҶƬ䴩ȥ̽ҶҶŷһȦиҶ졣һƬҶӾڵϣһĻҳҶϵĵڴӿðһŨỤ̃ΧׯһֱȫǰĿ̺֮ͳ
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˳õ֥ׯһδЪ㼱æϻȥＱеǧҪʱźá
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ׯǰȹһ漴żɽ˿Բ˫֮ĳѩɽǧ֥ΰٲָܻ塣ÿУĳȫѰΪˡ
ׯһʱļֱӽ˫޶˵˳ǰȵɫһһ󣬲֪α飬ֻ¿ˮӦʦȻϵеͨδֻ֥ѵãʦаգʱɲ𡣡
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ǰմѪ֥棬·һСʲô˵ǧ֥ЧʱĸֻǱѵãû˼մ۽磬ڳֱҧһڣ˵еҩǺζ
ׯ˼֥ϣʡƳһۣĿԼָָ̧֥ţ档
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ںʣ㸡ϰŹԲ棬ĴŴġ֣֡䣬ɴƵء
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ϼǰԧʯͼϴŽȦǶź챦ʯӯӯһաһһʧĽ
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׼ļƻʧܣ·ͨνӡһ⡣
޼ƿʩ֮ʱʯϣʿ׵Ӱ


53 ɽ
վڶѨȥ˴μƻʧܣӡİ취ҲδҵǺá
겻֮ʱʯϽֳʿ׵Ӱ˺ķң
̧ͷ˿һȥ㲻˵Ƿϻ𣿡
ʿЦһ鲻ҲƽϡתŰָŽİ˵ӡķѾ֪ˡ
ͣ½Ų룬漴æߵߣļôӣϽ˵
ʿ׽һһʮ棬Ѩ̸ܽһ춯صıƿȷѪ꣬˻ϲǡ
ԭƾһ֮öӡȻĹؼʱ˾ӡɣЧôħԪ񱻽ӡⲻյɽѨ̶ӡҪҵʣĶƳɵĻ֡
Իƻ𣬶ܿߣΨҲƳö֣ڲͬĵطԭΪ޷죬Ȼһ衣
ʿ׵ָʾǰһö֮ء塣
һءѨֻ֪˵س޹⣬κ˽롣ԭ˵ҲԸȣֻܰĻ˵طôߣɹ洦á
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ʯħӵѸٴһȺѪħѨĽ罻ڣȺʱ
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ҡͷЦЦֽеػţӢ䣬ҵȻȲȻȥ
аȥĽ䣬Ҳˣ̬ȣ˵䶼Ը˵ǲԼһ˧Լɸ߸ϵˣħʱô⡣
аһѶëʣһֱδдֽϣʸ˹ᴩľŭһȥ
űƻֽźľҡͷЦЦһʹëʡһ䣬ֽźľָ
ﲻ̾ţǳס
ȻҲһëͷСӣֻ˺ֱײʱҵ촹ħΪǰѪսɳĿħ֪ԼϰСǰǹʢ˵İҲԹԵĸԸΪħͿء
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һ·߱Ÿ˳õֻ֣Ѩ걻󷨣޷󣬿廹ϵˣֻԽ󷨡
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Ƭ̺󣬶ѨڣͻȻѪ죬˻ײ˷ԼӶڻɢʺգ·ĵӼ״ѸǰȥգոϵѨƵŨԼӶдĵæǰȥԼ𳤡
ٸվڶŶڵȻǰǳս֣ƱգѪ죬ɱڶ
״˿ˣ˵ҽȥڴ˵أ
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𽫶״˵󣬶˶٣Ƭ̣˵֮ǱѰҪԻ֮Ƕһӣ޷⼸ջܺأҵƽ֮󡣡
˵ͷտֹԥ˰Σ¶غȻδʳڣæȥ
ѨеһʯҲŨƣ޷ҪƳֻܽ˼룬һƣֻҽ
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ׯ˵ָʾѸɽ˵ءȴǽħǡݡ
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գ½Զô˿ĪЩڸͷ̫Եʰɡ
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½Զδӷųξг׻عׯЩ㱡ׯΪǲ˼㽫Լ
½ԶͷδϵĺׯݣŵͷؾȻһյǼᣬһɺŵĶ㣬ϵζ
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վڲͬĵطĽСظžԵݡ½Զ̧ͷ̵ĲݵأͻȻҪĻأ뿪ȥܲҵĻ
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ʱһߣʿվѨ⣬ڿ˼ۣ˲ע⣬ʧԭء


54 С
𽫾ԵݺĻڵʯϣĸţٴֻʧϨһлָ
һԻȥռ𲻷һԣἰ֮Ҳ˿ڲٶԡ¼˸˼Ҵȥ
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ʿĵתŴָƳԵʦܣͷ˿⣬ɵ˵չðչ
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Ȼֻת˲ŵ仯ȴʿز׽һࡣ
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ʱħУʯħ򰵿ʵ󣬱ӵѰұߵĻ֣ɵ顣
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˽У͵֣ΡȻĸɽۣ֮ƣƮ죬ӰӰ´£ɣ֮˼Ѿ
ŨУһǰʯǶҶ֮ϣĸ֡ɾ


55 ܲһ
̤ţڣѣ˾ػ߽ɴ磬߼ž·֮
ׯ֮ǰԽһżͻȻ˷ָſ˵ͻȻоһͷĿѣ֫εڵأ·׹ξ
Ʈͬĵطɢȥε԰̬һ
ܲ˲ϣ˯ͬ˯ȥ·Ϸۣма֮С
УֻܲǰߣããһƬͻȻϮסߡת䣬ܳͻ䣬ߺŮĺǳŭ
Сӣϴǲǹģʲôãģģɲˣʲôã
ܲ۾λüŭĿĸŮﻹŲЬݺݳűߵк֡
ܲǰ˺ȻһԭԴһƬհףҲ·ˡ
λŮ񿴲ǰܲǲͣسڵϵСкŭ֪ԣʲôҲɣɱǧĵһУûİûģĥҵģ
ԽԽʹĺ·ŭأҧغس򣬾ЬˡȻԲһֻϵЬкı
ڵϵкѱף棬ǻѪӲһȴңֻһϴʵҴˣҲˣȥճ㲻ҪˣҪ㲻ҪٴˣҴˡ
ͻȻץסͷԴڵϣһֻץŲЬͣȵģ򶼲ܴˣʲôү￴ǳӲˣҲ˺죬㶥죡㶥죡
һŭһʹݺݳкͣݹ᾵СкϾɺЬӡѪһء
ܲվһԿǰ̵ĳɫ԰׵ˣ˫ʧʧȥһ㿴λˣ·ɷɵ־Ŷߵĺǳµָߣ᲻һ
ʱ꣬⻹ǵһοޣΪ־ԭΪԶ˷ˣԶ˷ӣ¾ңڣȻʱӰȴ֮ȥ
һʱ˵Ŀ⣬һڿഫЦġ
Ǹӣ
Ǹĺ
ҲǸɵӣ
һҶǷӡɵӡĺ
ӡɵӡĺ
ӡɵӡĺ

ֱߵСͬһ㽫Щߣÿÿܲ㲻ԼͬسţţعȸԾţֺ
ܲŶ䣬ڵϣƽںķȴ˿Ҳ˲ˣлصŶͯЦ͸һһһ룬ϸϸܣ񾭺ͶĤ
ʱЩų˽֮ҲСӣЩڴĽֻܶǽǣǷѧ͵͵һۣҪǵļЦʹ
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ɵӾɵӣ㳯ʺȺġ
ļٵģһݿҪô죿
¾ȥˣɵϲʺˣ

ܲڵϿʱԼͬ۸ȻܽʢЩ۸ԼСȴٴвǰֻǸԼ۸ʹǰһʹǰһҷһؼұԹ
ΪЩ˽ӵСӣϵүӣǮƣ
ΪˣǵĹܼһὫһٶ
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ܲٿ˫ۣͷȼ䣬һζ꣬ʹԭô̡
ǣҪٳˡ
ܲСţţǱӺǸڽһģһʱգҫˣʱ£ȻɾԶ޷ۡ
İٴǰЦСǳĸ˽ʧԶȥ
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ʱһλӴ߹ҰӣϻŹܲϸҲֻѾڵӣǵȥСľݡ
λ˸߲ҵشСľݣܲŶ룬һűߺţ
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ҶţЦУܴȡҪãȻòǮˡһŸѣ㿴˸֪ҲЦ
Ҷ֣ʳָ첲·ϵĶ
ܲЦЦҸסǸ֣˵ҴʲôУҲظˣԼÿġǰµ·ˣҲû㻻ˣϲ졣˵ˣɽԣôÿ˭ϻǸʨӿ
Ҷ豻Цıӣѧļ˵ǰڲЦˣ˭ñӶԸ˭
ܲӵĶҡԴңͷ
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վڽһλܲЦŭһζ
ܺһѰ޹ζԸ
δһЩɡ
ͻȻǰһƬ۵İס
СľʧҶҲʧˡ
ۣܲȴ⾡ǻɳ죬שǽΧԼۡ
Ÿ첲̫ԾܲϸΧԼſڵϣѾѪģȫǱʯﻹڲͣѪ
ɳ۾Ҫ̧첲ȴôҲˣģֻܿʲôڸ첲ϣ̧ͷȥ
ȴ½ԶԼǰһֻһ㸩ԼЦ
ȻûӰããһƬɾ
ǰڣԼŽ⣬߽ۣ֯ɼָǰ
ܲϸϣ֪д߸֡
ɴ׷䡱


56 Ҷ
磬Ҷ軺ƮĹţԶǣ֪伲ࡣЦÿ޵úˡ
һףʱ⶷תơ
Ҷ迴İķݣȺһʱ벻˵ǺδԼԼЩģӰӣȴװ׵ؼǵδ
ʲôط
ȺĿĵţֵ࣬ż𣬷գǵһ
ֵĽͷҵĽУͻȻһȺСӣſţ࣬¨ڴ˵°³Ҵܡ
ܵλǸС黨费ǰͷϻҰƵĻһȺкŮô
㣡Ƕˣ
һλСֶ¨˫ֳϥǿλﲻͣش϶ҡˣϢɣҲˣܻᡭģ
λСתЦļǿҵչ£·һ⡣Ц⣬ѤĻ
Ů¨ָСֶЦС㿴˭
Сֶƺû֣æڰʾˣҡҿҪˡ
ŮָЦС֣ҸһϢ
˵գŮȾܣܱתͷ󺰵
Сֶյʱ۷Ŵ󣬺ͣһġѸתͷ󡣹ȻŹӣŭس󻹸λˣɫҲҳ
СӣӿΣˣҹ
Сֶŵɫ԰ףŻһҪҪ˿̱ܣ󺰵ҴˣлúȰѹӷ£
׼ܣæӽŲ׷ϣָˣȥүץץǶŰӣ
һè׽ĺϷڽͷݡٳһеĻ֣Цֱ
¨Сһһػؼȥඣ
ŮŲӣֱ߽Ҷ
ŽˣҶʱͷһӿǧͷʲô֮Ȼȴں˵ʲȥں
Ů߽Ҷ趢ԼֽԶʹŸ󣬷·𡭸֪δȥ
ҶϸǰŮǰСӣңϲϵᡣСϰߣ˿̵ģһ޶
Сﵽ˭ﵽΪλҪȥģ
ͷҶ迴һʶĸоȴ벻·ȱһǣ˹
˼֮ʣŮߵһƫƧСĴ·Ƶġˣǿűߵʯͷש顣սһһ
Ů¨Сһһգ۵Ĺͷ˳ûȳŵĴҪöࡣ
Ҷ迴˿ֻŮӣصڵġС޷ͨһԾǽ롣
Ů¨ŵſڵǰͥԺĻδһͦľ·Էӯһǳɣˮ
Ҷ迴ģסЦСﲻ깷죬ļҲһݣˣǸϰĺӡ
Ȼתһ룬ҶԴԹԼ
ʲôأͥԺլҲǸ˼ҡСȻƤ˵㣬ģѰռҵӦǻŵԵ˼ҽףȫðա
Ҷתͷ˿Ĺ뷿ԾЦЦ
ôɰСʶʶ˵仰ҲáˣǲҪ˼ˣϽ߰ɣʦǻڵء
˽ݵͷҶعͷȥӻǲҪ˼Ϊá
ſڣ㰲뿪ͻȻһУ˻ߣ̶
ҪŹҵĺӣܣܰ
Ҷʱͣ½Ųⳡͻ䣬תµĴլȻգש߱յýڣðŹŨ̡ѹǣЯ֮ƣʣ˴
޾Ѫͷ̷ɣȸԾһȺħſ޳ḩ£Ӵܵ˺ҧѪ
Ҷ迴ǰͻľͷһдҡ̼߰ĶѻУ֧ĳһζֺ֪֪
ϵشͰһѪڽƽŮĹ뷿
Ҫ
Ҷңܲ˵سԷȥ
ԣôСԣ
߿޺Ъ˹ץӷΣħĻЦŰصɱʢ磬Ѫɺӵϴӭһյ䡣
Ҷ͵ƿţͻȻһһſڳǰһ۵ĺƵۣӱɣɺգоҪڻ
֪˶ãҶ軺ۣȻǰһƬģԼֻѪڵϵ
ણ
ણ
ણ
һһΣӶͷ۾գ°ͣҵϡ
·׹̶߳Ҳκ
һƬڣǻӡϡҶ̧ͷȴһŸѪԼڵϣһֳֻԼ˵ʲôȻһֶ߶·ʧһ㣬ˮɢˡ
˵ʲô˵һ飡ʶ𣿷ŵСȥˣ𣿶Բûܾ㡭
ҶǧȥħȳٿһŵСȻ˿ȴ񱻶ڵϣ޷ֻ죬ǰĸ˻ۡ
ѪȾһأʣȾסߣɱ˫ۡ
ҶǰѪƵĹ֣κζ·ͿһȾϡͻȻһͷĿѣ⽥ɢٴλۣǰȴǻɳ졣
ܽשǽƮߴ졣
½Զǰ˪ȼ޷Ƶŭ𡣶Ҷ·һͷ׺ޣһ̱̻ܽʳ
Ͻû©һȫѪҺӶйȥˡһеϲŭ֣ͷһкǧ
ǰӰԶȥߡѵһǽڵϣͬҲ£Ҳ
ͻȻļԼصϷǻһһ٣쳪
ҲϲҲǡ


57 ɽ
ܰãã, ɽڲϣħüͷξ, Ҳ־費ɡ
ͥԺ˼ɽ⻨Ӱ续է, ִҶɳɳ졣
һһľһһ磬뵱һģһɽ᰿֮֮оͷһᡣҹҹʱ޿̲˼ȥ, ȥʱ⡣
, ļҰ
ɽ᰿첽߽ѭԷ, ɽ, ԰
ˮصƺ˵ײԼ
ȻֻһչǽʱɽȴͻȻͣ½Ųߵ̸˼˽һ֮ң˿ȴֲͺ¡
ν, ˰ɡ
ҹλأЩͨͨȴ˼ǡһƽٶң췭ظ
ɽվȾͷĬáڹǰһ԰˽꣬
ɫ۵վʯԣظǰŮ硣λŮһϮ쳤ŷ٣һ֧ҡͥԺʢĵɫŨ
ɽյħǷ·ֹͣˣҲ̡Сһ
ףĸס
Ѿ˺ܾúܾãδƺõԼЩɣŲõ⼸֣Ҫʶˡ
ͥԺУһλСŰѳһһʽ趯šɫ԰ףüĿ࣬գȻһȴоѩһ㱡
СżЦеؿŮ˵ţᰶʱˣЪһȿڲ裬Щİɡ
ŮŽףʳָڿʻţλСһޣȻġ
ŽףŮͷҲ̧һ£ֻʱδۣԼȥ
ϵĶ˶٣Ų˵轣ˣᶼ᲻ҿû˾ôõĹ򣬻ǻӡ
ţǸңͻСҪơ򲻴ôСӹǣˡ
ŮͷҲ̧רĿŽףϰ䣬ʮӾʮ游սʮĹ˧ʮ˿ɾ򲻴
ֻ亹ֱ⡭ٺ٣ǿţ˱Ȳá
ŮַһҳŽ׵ɽ˾һĺˣˡ˾һңϰ䣬˧Ҫʤңܷڡ
ƲƲ죬С֮ǰСӣ鷳ԸҪˡһ״Ԫ״ģʫء
ŮƺıԹüͷ壬һֲ÷һ
ţ
̻һЦͷǣ˵ǡҲҵ˲ܹϰ䣬徭ҲҪһġҵŮֻ赶ŪǹֵģҵڣҵڻþԴʦ
ŮδӼлɳˣੲݣЦǺǵҿ㿴ţ˫տҿš˫գ粻ҪˣϽȥ鷿顣ΣҲܺúϢǣҲܺúóɲġ
죡滰˵ˣ
ӺɸֵԼһ£æŮż򣬵ȺĻش
Ů΢΢̧ͷһۣһСɽᰣͷŽףǲԣȥսΣ˯鷿ɣٻˡ
ɲУ
һĻش붼ϾܾˣⲻǶԺҸ𣿲вУԲУҪӳ顣
ŮһЩ⣬㲻ǵĹ𣿻ȥ
ҸǰʲôӴ˿һ׷ŵļ޹յŮӶߣĲСôҲأҹֻһһů˲ܶҡ
ŮЦһԴŽײ˵
Ҳż򣬿˿ڳ轣Сɽᰣװģشɽᰣúɲ͵㿴ģˣ
Сɽר仰һЩڵϡɫһǰºŵĸףηˣΪһ˼ţһĸף˳ֻСè˳ѾˡûƤûĳ̶ȡ
͵ɽᰲ֪˼飬֪ʱţ֪δֻԹĸ׵Ĳ飬Թ׵Ʊ䡣
͵ɽᰣڳηĸףֻо֮飬ͬη塣˳̵ĸףֻ֮飬ͬ
ڴʱԣ֪Ȼվǽǵλɽᰶԣȴͬ䱦ҲҲˡ
ɽۿȣ޹ģܰĳܲ˵شǰ˿̣úñĸĸףٺһĸסʱһʱϲһ㡣
߽ǰȴͻȻģǰڳٳߣȴԶ߿ɼ
ס
ĸס
Ҫ
ǰ˽ʧɽ᰿񱼹ȥ
Ҫȵңףĸףȵң
ֻһܽǱڻٴθ⡣
Ȼһɽſ˫֣ƴǵӰӵȴֻס˱Ŀ˼ҹ˾ǰţһ˿һҲץˡ
ͻȻɢչʧǰһƬڣ졣ͷѪ̷˻УլԺ
ɽͷһ͵̧ͷܡȼյķݣɽʵϪɺѪһء
תɽᰴʧɫɴ۾ʹͣ͡
ʧĸĸף˿ǰȻѪħŪ
ĸսԡѪɱеƴȫɱ׵ħѪ
Сɽѧĸ׵ӣèһһʽѪ
κħ⣬ױħŲѪĸ״һͣؿɱħﲻܲ˵سȥ
ͻȻһӰĸǰһѽζضÿһ½ЦǸˡ
ʱէŨƽһӰϣߣЦˡ
ɽȥץסĸ׵ǸˣȻǺ޶ħŷɥĶħħ߹
˵׼촽аЦһһ̱㽫ĸװڵϣ˺·
ĸ׾ŽͣþѣȻ˵޷Ტ֮ۡЦѽƢҸϲ
ÿ֣
ĸ׼ʹ򲻹Ҳãݺݵصһֻޡ
ЦһסĲӣһֻϣ࣬Ϸʵòô죬ֻھҪ㣬ô죿
ڻоĸ׽ҧ촽ѪҲϷκ
׹ĥоĶ˺ѣֻ޸֮
ķ˱Ⱥħѹ裬ŮȺħֽſĸ裬ȻȴΪǰڳ֮˳ᢣΪʵ۳ıߵǹɷ⾢ƨǣ
ǣƨ㲻ϣ
׳Ⱥħͣؿͷͷ絷⣬ǣҷˣŮҪɱҪгҵѪǣҵǣǷĸŮǣ
վϵ˿ĳѪִţ¡ƽӰ߽¶һס
ɽᰶͷһ
ȻȻȻûмǴ
˴ۿŸף翴һֻˮ̧һֻŲʯͷϣ°һƣЦȥˣͷǡ
룬ǰѪűҵϡ˫ۣҧأＷһ֣أȴþȫ
á
˵գŲ˫ȣŴ˿ȥͷЦţߴٵ㣬ûԷĥĥ䣬ι
ӿٶȣͣشȥϥĥѪͷɢշ޵ˣǱ
ĸһתͷƳ˸ף˫ͨ죬촽ҧ˰ߣ¾ʹƴһƿǰİѸץֱߵĽ˼
ҡҡλΣĸ׾ٽڲ䣬Ÿף磬ҲǷ㣬㲻ˡ
ͣ¶ͷŵõɴ۾ֵ̿˵ˣ㲻Ҫ嶯ѽ¡ΪԸˣ㲻ؽ⣬ֻҪúûţʲô
ĸױҡҡͷ߰սδ޹֮δ޹֮۵ȥδ޹
Ȼ˿̣İ֮ΪԼ裬ȴһСһ㺿ޣİﱻŪˣۡ
ĸ׿ŸףѾѪģȻȴþһ飬
Ҽ޵Ƿˣԡ
Ұ㡭
˵գһᣬսպյ󽫾ׯµˡ˾һĺˡɽ᰾ĸףڻƽء

ɽ᰿ǰ֣˷һսħȥŭһ㲻аҲҪͬھ
Ȼƽ֮ʱͻȻէ𣬽֣Ҳĸ׺ħ
ڣãԼɢ
ɽֻңңһϮɫӰƵأͷڣǰһһɡݣ񳯼
𣬽էɢɢļųһţ𡣶صϷǻ
һʧǧźޡ


58 ½Զ
½Զڲ, ˫Դ, 浾СһֻδСޣ㷲
½ԶһĽֵϣİңԶ·𴩹ʱ⣬ԼԼǵá
ӹܶȺ, ͻȻһλϤӰɽ˺ƽƽͨͨ, ȻȴǺڰΨһɫʡ
ֻһλ˴Ŷִ̺, İС, ޹⣬ǣһλС, سǰšףŵСԶ
СԶקŲͣǰ, ϻһʺİӡ, ǰʮףգ󴿾¹ۣ˳ĽëϻմžӨ飬Եø
˻׵, С˵Ǿôˣǻ𣿻׷𣿡
ͷҲأ޷˵ǰ, ·Ĵլ޷޵Һ£׷׷û²¹šǣԼƴƴͿģһ᲻֪û͵û͵
СԶЩĲӣСŸں棬׵֣ΨֱȺɢ
Ժ󲻸ǼĻ׾ûǮˡײҪȥǵǸֻҪŲ͵Ͳˡ
ͣ½ŲתСԶüһʳָɫãûûӺ͵ͷȻĻһǸӵòҶһۣϡġ𣿡
СԶƶǶؿ㶵صͷգգ۾׿⸱޺ɰģҲ࣬ʳָ˴ۡԼϵµ⣬ͷбʹĵ
ֱӣһʮģ˵˵ˣǲҪѣҲܼңеҪôõ幤ȥ
СԶͷ£ЦĲã·ûһһǷϺѹ٣ףԶᣬԣܻк·ġ
ЦݣСԶҲЦǰסŵʮҫˣ
ǰߣȻǿɲ
СԶ§׵ĲӣſͷԺҪ˯ţʵףʲôʱܻؼҰ
֣ͻȻһϢ漴һĨЦݣܿͻˣ˵һ£ܴܴ˾ͻؼҡ
СԶۺʵܴж󣿱컹𣿡
׵ͷƺڰοƺڰοԼЦ춼󣡡
ױСԶӵȺżҵķȻȥ·಻궼޹أֻҪжԷߵĻвĺͲⶼͳͳ߿
½Զվ󣬽ţ۾һ̶᲻뿪ڿһʱеίӿͷѾܾãܾû׵ĻҪˣСʱһҲûˡ
ס
½ԶСһܹܲȥǿˣ嵽ſҪסȻȴ˸գ˫ֻסֻбĿǰӰʧ
תٿȴ֯ǰרעؿߣ棬֯֨ѽ졣
Һãڡ
½ԶοЦЦһ
ͻȻű򿪣СԶίŽŴ߹һƨߣ˫ֽ汧ڻĹĵصߣ
׼ɫͨ죬Ҳ˵ֻͣĶߣչ˭ҵѽףװƨɣ
СԶתͷһۣӣ˵ΪʲôҪ尡ǶЦ˵Ѿͷ֣
ײͷЦһһͷЦŲأ㱻ƭˡ
˵գӣСԶԼϣҡΣͷͷ°ϣ˼䰡
СԶƺ̫ףͷɻţ
׿üб۵ӣЦЦͷһڣף𣿡
СԶű׹ĵطСƵĵͷ֪˼𣿡
׼§ҡӣ˵ȻǰԺرҪˡϲҲϲ㣬䣬ͻ㡣
СԶƶǶصͷȻҡҡͷƺֲ̫ףʵףϲʲô˼ѽ
⣬룬·˼ʵĻıĸ顣
˼Ƭ̣׻ڵϲǡжѹֻҪǸһӾͿˡ
СԶȻءŶһת§׵Ĳӣͷ˲䣬ɵģ۰˵ô˵Ļҿ϶ϲ׵ģ
¾ãĪˡ
½ԶվǽǣŽ˵ضˣͷһᣬҪȥס׵ĳ嶯ؿţΨһȥֲˡ
𣬻һתпѾʧˣתͷһֻСԶ͵ƿӣڵϣŵذűߣʰòѣŰҴ뿪֮ǰ˴š
ԶСԶѸܻشߣͣغҴѣЬһףҲҴææ뿪ҡ
һ·һ·СһҪһһϲһ˵ģ
СԶһ˵һߴЦ·ڵԼС˼һ뵽׿׼ЦÿӣԼҲס̵Цšǵ·ϵ˿ɵһ㿴Ψֱ֮
ãֵļС廨ŵСʵ̫ۣ֪࣬ʲôס
ʲôײŻأ
СԶѧŴ˵ģ°ͣװģؿŽֱߵС̯װܶƵʵʲôҲ֪
·һҸ̣СԶվǽζ￴һۣͻȻ鵽̨ϰڷŵİ˱֡ԹܾǰʱģֻһС飬رóԣʱΪֹԹóԵĶϲĸ㡣
˵ΪһγԵ˱֣ǵģϲ
ԣҲϲ
СԶŰ˱֣ߣͻȻ⡣
磬͸˱ְɣ
СԶѸٴǽ̨ܵǰſƹָŰ˱˵үҪһ
ƹͷҲתƳһ۹̨ϵİ˱֣һСԶһֵҪʮһ
СԶɻͷգۣʮģǶǮ
ûǮ
ߣûǮҲҪƹķ·ͿûǮһ㳯˦˦ĨüȥĴţҡ
СԶߺؿ˿̨ϵİ˱֣ʧԴǰߣһһף·žܵõһ
߹̣СԶĲɵؿ·ߵС̯˱ֵ뷨Ҳ벻ۣһһֻ򵽰˱ָס
Ŀĵţ͵һͷײ·ߺȵĵСŵǸ¶ԷС׼ſԷǲǲۣͷȴһλСҲ÷ֻϵùذڰ˵Ͻߣ·ŵ㣡
СԶͷ뿪ͻȻͣͷʵ磬֪ôǮ𣿡
СһۣУһ֪أ
˵һСԶʵһСǮʲô
СԶͷֹƬ̣һһʮȫ˵ˡ
Сͷ̾û뵽СС;ТģҲﲻʲôȥƹĿԸԸɵ
СԶһϲصͷЦлл磡ôԺһررǮģ
СͷЦԴ㼪ˣ
СԶڵ⣬ŵСƹĽ̸ˣǰҲ뿪ãС΢Ц߹˵ˣƹ˵ȥæϴϴ룬ʮǮ
ʮǮ
СԶɴ۾ͣ·ʮǮ˵֣һʾ޿ʮǮÿ˱֣̫ˣƹĺʹ綼Ǻˣ
ŵС˵ӶˮأҨһˮʼϴˡ
æ˴죬һ˫СҲˮݵͰ͵ģƤСԶںز˲֣ɫ˳ܵǰ̨˷˵ϴˡ
˷ϵ˱ëȦȦͷҲû̧һ£ֱߵǮӹȥǮ
СԶһһЩɻ˵磬˵ʮ𣿡
˷û̧ͷ򷢽лӵͷ˵ƹ˵ЩҪҪҪϽ߱¡
ǡ
߲ߣ
˷̧ͷˣҲ֣ƾҪȥСԶֻ̧ܵԴӿˡ
߬ǮСԶЩûʮģֻģǸү˱𣿲ˣȥһʣһүǸأ
ɫûбİ취ˡСԶһ·С̣ܵЬʪ͸һűһˮ
·°ڡӺؿϣȫˮպգԼŵһǺǵζΪڳ˴죬·ͷ϶ζ
СԶ̣ܽż⣬԰׵СְŹ̨أ¶һ˫ںڵ¹ۣգգƹ˵үֻǮҰ𣿡
ƹһۼһԵļëӻ˻ӣȥȥȥûǲǣ
СԶЩżŬţе˵үǸˣҰɣҿԸϴϴ룬ɻĺҪˣֻҪͺã
ƹ͵ֳȥëӵľݺݵСԶָ

СԶָ֣ܵѾһӡ۵ֱ
Ͻҹҳ㣡
үҪҡ
δСԶ˵꣬һ˿ƹֱ߹ȥдˡ
ǰİ˱֣˿ǺָﱻմʪǮСԶЩ֪룬죬û취ˡô죬Ѿˣ׿϶ؼˣûûãûʲôɡ
СԶֱվˣûһܰô졣
ƹЦкˣСԶЩͲʡʹ̨߽Ű˱֣ĬƬ̡
СԶǮڹ̨ϣ˰ѸٴȾܣܲ˵س̣ĶҪɤ
ƹת̨ûСԶӰȴİ˱֣ôӵۣС͵ҵĶҲȣǼϽ׷ץ򣡿Ҳ͵
ļƵõĻƣѸܳȥץ
СԶһ·һ·Żİ˱֣µϾҪˣ׿ԳԵ˱ˣβǵģģ׻
һ뵽ЩСԶֿ˻ֻҪܸ˵Ļʲôԡ
վڼſڿ棬СԶܹĵʵȥˣôôŻ
СԶܵǰҲ˵壬ӻͳ˱־ٵǰ϶˵ףҡҸˡϲģûãֻҳгϢ׬Ǯܶܶ࣬ϵƻࡣϲİ˱֣ܲҲϲһģաҪˣ
ӯǰСԶͷĶͷ˫סС֣Щʣ׺ܸˣررˡ
СԶײͣᣬæСĨ۽ǺգѧŴ˵ײˣϿ޻򴲣ˡ
׺ΪЦס
ͻȻԶһλӵ󺰵ǣϽ׷
Ƭֵֻ̺ӽΧסץСԶͷǳСõĲѧѧ͵ǲǣ
͵ƿˣСԶڻݺݵصǣһ̵ֻĸʨʲôˣ
ָСԶ˵͵ǵĶոѵ
СԶû͵ҸǮͷڹ̨ϣ
ǰһȹȥһֱҪƶĤ

С˵û͵ҿǲײĲᣡҴ򣡣
Χļ֣ӵץһɳǣǳȡҶӣȥŸǣǵĵվ͵ա
ž
δ˵꣬ٴһȹ֮ǰ˲ָĺۼ
СԶףЩˣſֽ׻󣬺Ǵף߿߿
ž
һƣСԶѪϵĺӡЩЩͣ۵ᡣ
һѽסڻΧ˵ǳǾԻԲ˶ߣȰλأ
ΪȻһ죬ǣֵѽƹķˣ򣬲Ķſ۹Ǯ
Χŵǰץ׵ͷһȭСȶ߶Сȡ׽СԶ£˫ֽ§Щ˵ĶſڵϱùӺسýߣץͷҡ
СԶ׵Ļﺿޣ߬·˻ǴףףǶǻˣˣ߿ף
ĴЩЦ׼ЦȻôܿҿܿʲôʱ򣡡
ףǶǻˣǸߣף
СԶ˻ߵؿźţ׵ĴϢ΢ˡ
Ѫ׵գһһΣСԶϣ̵¶ȷ·ļζŨأߵĺʧˡ
ôˣȥ
ûˣɣô򣿡
ˣϽߣϽȥƹģ
ߣ

СԶŲԽԽԶףСػס
Ȼûлش
ˣϽҷؼҡ
׻ûлش
׿ˡ
ף
ף
һȻʼӦ
ס
ҪףҪشһģڽףǻؼҺòã棬ϴţˣС
СԶٴó˱֣մɳСĵش˴ģһ׵˵㳢һҸģϲİ˱֣òóԣ
ǰһ촽ѣ԰ûѪɫ°ϻѪһһΣ¶ȡ
ס
ҴˣԲҴˡû͵ҴˣҸǿͷ׻ҺòãҴˣףҴˣӦһòãңˣҴˣҴˣҴˣҴˣҴˣ
Ҵˡ
ף
һڰɡ
ˡ
СԶ׵ͷʹ࣬һһİڣȻҹɫӦ
ǰһƬڣҲȥر˫ۣһжߣߣ׵¶ȡ

ӣӣѡ
СԶۡ
գƣһжһ㡣
Ȼ
СԶ͵ȴվһλİĸ룬ȻҲû׵Ӱ
ףأ
СԶʧؿλˣţɫ԰ף촽ѣ˫հݣ죬ٴһѲͬˡ
ʬ嶼ˣѾ񵽻ķضѣûٺȿˮɡ
СԶһ͵ƿˣسȥûףҲû
Ҫȥķضףǡķضѣģ
СԶײײܵ·ڣŷֲ·Ҹһʡ
Ȼ
еĽֵȺؽֽ̯

··ͷĿѣ
ǰǱ糱ľ¥ﲻˡϯľ
죬ǵء
֮䣬Ӵ֣Ҳ޹ˡ
û׵ĺˡ
塭ûˡ
Ҳûˡ


59 ½Զ
ǸСҲûмˡ
, δֻʣһˡߣֻʣһ˵ĵط, 䡣
½ԶվúԶֻǿǸǱСڴεʧ, ڡ
ʱ꣬˺󣬽϶һСлӡ
һһգϦϦĺĺٿҲܻ
ôԵķ, ô˯ľ, ôôĴ
СԶ̨, , һһ䣺
磬֪ķض𣿡
ţ㣬ķضѽ
Ư㣬ķضѸôȥ
ܸܲң磿㣿

½Զվ̨׶棬ֻ౻һֺֻݺݵؾţȫÿһëڲǰļ̫, ȥֻҪż䴥ǸңĻں޺ʹˮ޽Юţ·У굽嶼ǧٿס
ûǿ˱־ͺˡ
Ϊʲôʱⲻܵأ
ĺͷʼܲٸһλ᣿
ҹĻСԶŢƲЬÿС
ſڽЬŲڵϣϻ̳Ͽֵ߽ȥأǰ
˫Ŀգ˫ֺʮϵšҪ׻ӣԹǲú
һһ˵ţ
㣬صһ𣿡
Ĵˡ
½Զվ⣬ſͷС۵·ٿһĶҪѿһתͷˣֱ߿
߽һưܵС¾ۻࡣ½Զ⣬ֶҲöˡ
ܡֻİΪ˲ۣΨһ׶ҪߣΪôûк³Щɱ˵Ļȴң
ж񱨣ǣƶ˭þүѲϹú˲գϣûƶбǷǶԴģʣĲʸеˡ
ǧͷڽ֯ƣ½ԶţͷŽµСʯӡ˵İһӶߴŴԽŵͷ
ˣһĨЦ
˭þ˭ߣ
Ψǿ߼Ϊơ
˵
ǿ޶ơ
ħʵ롣
½Զ̰Ѫ⣬΢΢Ťһ֮úͿСĿѾ뵽վ֮Ǻεȷ⡣
·Ѿ˽µ·С･Զȥ½ԶڣͻȻ紵ƬƮ㣬ͷ
½Զ̧ͷȥֻǰããʮһ֡
һɫӰվڻ£۷ɣǧī˿ŷ衣޳ɽ㡣ؾ忡ҫҫԣٷo
תѣ½ԶһЦ
һЦضˡ
½ԶһͨͨģҪɤЦ˿ˮȥ
·һѩӾۻ೾ŵľɥһɨ⣬ͷҲߴɢˡ
Ӵ磬էй
½Զ˿Ц񣬲ۺʱ۷ʲôֻҪҪЦЦ
վ£һϣ衣
½Զļ٣·Խʱ⣬ҵһʦ֣
֮һ֮ң½ԶȴͻȻͣվǰſ˫ػǰӰ
ֻĶűǼĿ
Ϊ֪һʦ־ʧˡ
½Զͷׯļͷίһǵıʧá
ֻһ䣺
ʦ֣ˡ
һȥӰʧ
½ԶæȥץסĨӰȻ˿ָߣһɳ
׹է֣ǰ֮ͻȻ仯
½ԶܵؾֻǰˡһƬžȴͻȻ֮ƽ
š
ʲô
Ҫ
½Զ̧ͷȴǰ֮ŵûԴһƬհף֫Ҳʹֻ㶵վԭز
̫ڣ߳ŷʹĴϢż̺Ϳƣ
ׯڰǰһϮ䵽ͷڴ󳨣īɫ˿ҵʪ鷢ճϣˮˮŢ
˫ֱѹϣ¶ļϾǲĿĺۼϣδȥӡѪ
Ҫ١ˡ
ׯͷҧ䲻Ըƿˣȫڷеһ˰ڲ㡣
վˣһϮɫ멣ڡ½°Žɫƣͷڣԡ֮ƲɺĿ涢ŷǰׯȼ˷ܡ
½ԶֹׯĲӣĲĦҧסĶᴵһû˲΢΢ӿۿϡ
ǰһ񣬻֮ǵʦƽһģһ·Ҫӻָֽƿڴ
½ԶׯĲӣֱǰĻͷĲҧˮٵĺۼ
żʵӡ½Զãǣׯʦ֣ʦ𿴵ôһܸ˵ģ˵ǲǰ
䣬١ׯҧ촽ƺƺߡ
½Զѹ֣鲻ԸӣͻȻ˸Ļ˼ԽԽҪȤ
ͻȻʹֱׯ˫۽ǻᣬҧ촽ָǶﱻ̵Ѫ
½ԶסĲӣʹ߼Ⱥƭв˵ʦϲΪʲôأиʦ֪ںҸʦֽɣƽڴϿɲġ
ա졭
ׯۣм֡
½ԶׯһĨаЦգΪ֪ׯġģﵽ⣬
Ŀ.¶ļϣׯ촽ҧѪڷ崣ڷݺͿĥ
½ԶͻȻ̧һȣս½ԶͳشһͻȻѡׯþȫҪǶѪΨмҺʹ̹ܿġ
ׯ𱻰ס˫֣ɺ콻֯ҵǰֵơ
ҪҪˡ
½Զ¿ҧׯĺ󾱣һЦͻȻͣ¶뿪ĥţʳ֪ζĵط̿ƣһеֿ
½Զ֣ӯӯСڣ겦ŪЦʦ˵Ҫ˵ҪңҪ
仨ƮƮƮȻˮкɺˮЮһ³һ㱻û
ϢռжףڲݷǿһͿءĵֿˮ¸߽⣬Ʈڳ٣.ҡ
еǱƵسˢׯڳʢţпήһ޴ڷǻ
ڿУϡ
ϸ΢ĵӺ½Զǰ͵˵аЦ紵ݲ죬޼ɵطݣȡ
ׯҲܲסĥ˫ͫɢ·˶קУϳеֿ̼ƺڼвϷŴ϶ûӿС
еĿ߳ܽЮʹ鰮ڣҲܳһ˿֪Լʲôط
ηڵ궯ׯϼʹֳԣ½ԶļͷϣߵӲͣʡ
ƺԹԼĲʦİϣʦĻ˲Ŀ֪ܡ
ʱվǽߵ½ԶǰĶˣûҲ˵
Ǹ·۸ʦֵܣ
½Զׯʹģﲻ֪Ǻζʦ֣ʦʹࡣǡΪʦֵŲšҡΪθܡ
ǰĺ½Զׯ޼䣬ȴһԵ½ԶЩİԼ
䣬ׯ½ԶļͻȻͷ
ۣ˫룬üͷ΢·ʹĥ
ʦ֡ڿޡ
½ԶȻع񣬿ܡôʦֿأôʦֿء
Ǹ˲Ǹǻˡ
½Զźµŭգ漴󲽳ȥƿ
۸ʦ֣˭ԣ
½Զǰȴ˸ա
һתⳡͻ䣬žĶ˴ʱȴĿӡ
֮䣬ׯһϮ£䣬ȼա
½Զʧ룬ʲôҲ˲ˣ˷һׯ
ͬһʱ䣬˴󺰵
Ҫ
Ѫɢͷٿ
ֻ½ԶѪվ£һֻҪץסƮһ
Ȼһ䣬һƬһƬƹָ⣬ࡣ
ԼⳡʧļִϷʵĳǻڶ߻ص૵
ıѣɻ
лҪ˵дٺٺˣ̫ǰҪ²ۡ½ԶҪΪĿܣ


60 ׯ
Ʈ, ´, һɴׯº͵ݡƽڲϣ˫Ÿ˿ҡȵĺʯʵȪֻһۣ궯ѪҺ֮䰲
ͬ¶ƮϪ, һ·нԶɫ
˿, ˲뱼ֻ߶һ, ˡ
̤¶, ֻɽС[1]
׵ʱţ, ׯۣǰȴһƬڰž
߽, ŷҹϡ, ߴĲ
ĿǽשߣͩŽ, һˮζ
ԼԺǽһOO@@ͻȻһ¨ˤڵ, мͼֻϺڲݵϻ
ǽϣͻȻһ˫С֣ǽأȻ۵Эţһϣ
䣬ֻһСкǽ¶ӣǽϣŻڵˮЬڵϡҲ쵽ϥϣС϶֪࣬ĻΪ
Скȥˣǽƺ󹦸һ̾ׯҵǽǲָˣ
ǽϵСкͷǽļԴЩ㲻Բ󣬵ǼݵúﾫƵëͷСӱȷʵҪöࡣ
СׯȺٺٵЦͷΪҵǰղ˼Ӹߵģǽûˡ
˵кöϺҲ٣ڻƵġҪȥ
ǽļкЩԥ˵˵ҪĬ飬ô죿
Сׯͷ°ϣȻһͷѡ
⻹򵥣Ĭֲǿͷҵģջǰһ¨Ĳݴǵôȥé޸ŵкҩмӡ

СкɴŵȭͷСׯ·ʲôõľı
СׯĨĨҪɵֱմֻСè
ʲôкҩҼǰͱˣ࣬Ҳϸ߰Ӱɡٺ٣㲻˵Ҳ˵֪ٴ󣬵ʱéһף˶ˣĻ˭ġǾͷİɣ
ջǰʵԿܣ˵ˣӺɷ˭ûӿ֮ġʷ¡СкѰ˼Ƭ̣ҲˬشӦˡ
Сׯǽϣ¶ǽ˵ô˵ˣմϼһ˭˭ܵС
һ춯صĴıºڷҹˣǽǽһǱΪһѣ֪ΪյǣǸΪϺĬ
ǽȥСׯ׼˽µĲݴԣɿˤȥҺûиֳɵĵӣȻҪǱˣ˵ҲҪˤϸ첲ȣɸһء
ӲݴѸСׯϵ¶ˮӲݣ¨Ь̽Դ쳤˲ĴûӰͶţƵģŽż·
ûˣϽ
Сׯ͵ЦȻδ߳ͥԺ㴫Ůӵ
Сׯôôû˯ѽ
Ůӱֱվǽǣеؿ
Сׯ漴ת¨󣬺Цٺ٣ǳ㰡򼱣éޡ
ͷ󼸲ǰһۣʵôéﻹ㣿Īǡ
˵գһֹϵغдˡ֡
Сׯֻ̾ϵ
ӵ¨ڡһſűߣȣüŪ۵ؿһ߿޻һߺ
ҴˣأҲˣԭҰɣ
ֻҪŹһأҸ˲赹ˮź㣬ء׽㡭϶ĿҰҲ϶Ŀܿ࣡أ㣬֪ˣõĽ㣬ţ㣡

Сׯװģؼᣬץųȹȫϲ䡣
Ҳ֪ʹ˶ٻأػضЧǳҪźţҲǿ޵ÿۣΪ£ֻô޼ɵˣƤԲٻأʲôԵʣԸš˭ǳأҪСġ
һѽݣЦõؿСèһ˵Ҫ治㣬վĻô
Сׯգźۣ˳Ľë˲մžӨ飬峿¶ˮҶ
ôһ˵˲任Ц§ϵණȫ·ϡ
ȻõĽ㣡һ죬ҪȫˣһõĽ㣡
Դϵ࣬ӲգЦһȫˣҪô죿
ⲻУ
Сׯͷһֻһ˵ĳ㣡Ҿ˵֪֪붼Ҫ롣
ͷһЦüۼƢĴ顣ǣСׯߣ߱ʵһûҸ˷ˣϲģҪҶû
Сׯһһظ˳
תǴģ档
Сׯյ߶£°Ϳרעһһϵԧ졣
㣬Ǹ𣿡
Ķ˶٣ͻȻͺˣҵգۣС˭˭ҪҾǡźˡ
ĻԽ˵ԽССׯǵһοŤģﻹ֡
㲻ϲǰնˣôںϲˣ
Сӵ˼ڲסģ뵽ʲôʲô
ϲ𣿡
˭˭ϲҲûСûôȲ˵ġҲûС֡
ǳ㲻ϲˣ
ҡ
һʱ֪λش𣬳Ȼ̧ͷСׯϣֻǻͷҡ
Сׯ˿˫ֳ°ͣͷʵ޸𣿡
ޡࡣ
ɫ̺죬ϵԧ죬˫޵
Ҫһ˷ˣޱģ̹
һʱⶼ˲֮䣬Ũת
š
ǳԺǲǾͲסڼˣ
š
Сׯ죬Щ޷޵ҲҴȥɡ
ͻȻЦһԴȥѾأ޵ܵܣ
Сׯٵøˣٶһʾ
㽫ڻϸغ
Ȼסڼǻ᳣ģСׯҲԳȥѽӼլԼĪʱ㳤˻һյĹ͵ˡ˵˨ûҪɵš
˵ţʹСׯĸ֫ѣЦ
ͥԺһһЦ˼̻·ơҪŵͷŹӰɡ
֮ɢ
ʱǵصĴ϶ϲЦ
һλźµŮѾߵĲ£˽ӡ
Ķӽͷվ˽βҼŮӭףСԣһԾ춯أͬʱʮʮ
ʮױȺﲻƺƵĶһڽֵϣСׯڽԣ˳š
յĳÿ͵͵һۡ
ͻȻããӭ׵Ķ齥ԶȥӰϡ衣ȵŨɢȥȴ˽ԺʬҰ
Ѫɺӣصָͷ­Ҳ˵ɢɢľ顣
СׯѪҺģߣſڵϣϻѹһûͷˡ
̧ͷȥȴƿͷʧس
Сׯܣ
Ȼδ䣬һӰݼš
ͷء


61 ׯ
Լ, 羪Ҷ졣
ĺɽϣдСɽ, ·ۣѾˣк·
һ, տĺɽǲĺȥȻ֪ӺʱȴѳΪ˵Сء
ǰعɫӰڲ࣬˫Ӱ·ˡ
½Զִ, ǰׯ, ɫᶨڱصõϲһ, ֱ̹ȥ, ߣ׹տϺݶѩϵҶɱ
ֱǰׯһնԾبǰ, ½ԶĹơ
ׯһӣͻת½Զ赲ȥ·󽣱󡣲Ѵңе䡣
½ԶϣƵһһЩˤܾѶ
ׯ״漴ǰһڻһսʡڻڲ࣬ңա
أׯ°ͣЦ޸֮ˣ
½Զ§°ţͷգЦҲȫȻ⣬մմϲЦһʦ֣ˣҲûʦҪǲҵĻҾˤˡ
˵գ§ֻ˼˽ź
ׯͷ̵һų飬·Ⱳӵ࿴۾֡þ˼Ҫźá
½ԶӭĿ⣬ͬǵóԸ뻶ϲ
׵ʱʣ֪ϦϦڲ࣬·£곯ĺĺӭ꣬ȴ鳤ãȰ
½Զׯţ浾ʵʦʱɸСػˣ
ׯüͷ΢Ȼ֪ģ𣺡ûȥ
½ԶһȻ̧ͷ
ׯΪʲô˵Ĵ£ʵôˣʲô
½Զţŵ˵ҽʦ˼ٲػ͸ˣ
ׯû˵ֻЦЦգЦҿɲǵλ
½Զͷ䡱һˣͷţ֧֧ᣬԽ˵ԽСʦ֡˵ôҡʦ֡
ׯӦ˵Ǻ£ɫҲͻȻסεظɿһ§˵ȥ
½Զ¶һ˫۾ǿصֿʦֿɿҪȥȻûˣ
ȥ
УҪȥʦɿң
С˻ڰ׷ׯ뵽ʲô˼ƵģһһĨȵǳЦҪȥУȥɡ
˵գ⻺ɿ֣¶Ƚ½Զȥ
ͷͻȻһƺЩȻͷ
ɿͲˡ
½Զһһ£͵رסţһ˿϶ûУҲ겻ȥ
ͷׯĻСһ˲䣬ֺƵȥˡ
ׯЦһԴĳḧ°͵Ķͷ
ףһŻѪҺȴΣȲһҡ
Ȼ˵˽ʧС
Լɢȴܲɽƶ֮ϣӰغϽ
ۣƺƴִ࣬ɱΧƵĹ
Ӱ裬նаưٻҡ½Զ꣬ϬɱӭĺӰ䣬زʬ
н棬䣬аӿϣɱ֮һ࣬½ԶһתׯߣһЦ˫沢УӰʱ峤ա
½ԶׯᶨĲĻŭţǰΣڵϦȴԻϲý
ܺʦֲսˣֻǶΪܹվߣꡣ
Ȼ䣬ȷѪΣʱȻֹ֯Ӱʧ
̣ɢ
ȴǰ죬ѹǡܿҶһɪ֮
ׯǰʤѩȾ̳վУ̧ͷԶ
ԶɽƣֻѪΧ̷ɣ˻ƽл
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±ǰݣշΣķϤҪΪӣͨݿǱؾ֮·ʦӦϤǡ
½ԶϾؿԶׯ΢΢һĨɱЦⲨϤ㣬ַ·Ǹˮյʧ
ǧׯɫҲ֪˿ʲô֪Լ֮Ρ
ǵԹ۵Ӱׯ̾һͷŽµĵݡкᣬڵʯ䣬Ȼ
Ĭ˰֮ׯƺ¶˾ģһƣ̨̤סйᴩŵף̼䣬Ѫ졣
Ȼ𣬴ŨŨ
̶ɢѩ׷ףװعǰ֮Ѳǰ¡ããİ֪ںδȻȴҵĵʹ
¶ѩȴӰׯɢңļ޺죬ȻƬطͿѩ÷ϡ
ׯҧ촽ԸѪգܶƲǰˣ޷ԿաֱǣƣΪطݣﲻԹԼ
ѩƮѩϸϸ˼ͷİѩڼڻ̹ǵĺ⾪ׯϸϸʼҼ١
½Զ˸˷ܵĹ⣬˽ҧ촽һ߼ƣһ鶯ѪҺȼգɫܴͫڻȸԾ
ׯȫսշŨص糺졣ѩ±ⶳѩڻıˮǧļƲɵȣڱɥʧǡ
ںīɢҵѩأīڵϸѩʣһƽѩ׼
½Զɿ͵촽ǰҵ鳱޷ƣȴҪǿ̡ʦ֣Ȼͻװģ
½ԶĺͫȸԾׯ󣬼ǲܿصϱۡͷׯǹĶ㣬ڻ
ׯ΢΢ͷѵĴϢţﷺʵˮ롣
½Զס°ֱͣԼЦʦֲ뿴ѩڿˣ
ׯȫȻĬŽҧ˫߬ͷ·һšþȫѹŷӿϵҡ
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½ԶץϵѩһСѩׯļŢĺۼ
ׯͻȻıоһָ߬½Զ·ָⷢסĺвϷŴ󣬲ϲʳ̡
½Զʮѩ糺ļ쳣ң߬½Զָⷢס
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ಣׯ.¶ļȹ̵ȶҲůӡ÷е̧ĸ첲ҳ½Զ½
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½Զס֮õ´棬ƺҪµޱسתǺײڻƲСòץģô֡
ׯͷʵܣǺͿһ顣Ϊȴʳ֪ζݷ䷢˷һҪӿǻ
ܲסصͽһת೤˲β·ܵСӣüڱѩﳹɥʧǡ
½Զüͷɫͫںӹ쳣ҪΪ鶯Ϊϵ
½Զסׯͷ§󱳣ҧĶ˱ͻȻصصʹһʦ֡ҧ̫ˡ
ׯܣ˵ɫ޺죬ٵشҲ˵ӣݶʹࡣͷͷݺݵҧһڣҺ˳ŴǵҲɿڡ
½ԶƺһЦû뵽ʦҲô
ׯ˺ݵҧԼɼѪ顣
½Զ˻һȻȴͻȻӵḧԴ۶ǰʪ鷢ҧҧɣҶʦֻġ
˹ϸϸΣӰѩﲻ֪˶áУʪĲ
ͻȻ׹ǰĲӰ١һϸȴѩ׷ɴ˿̱
ӰׯЦ½Զһʱǰ㣬Ŷǫ͡紺֮磬һơ
Ѹͣǿۣ߽ǰȷʵһƬκζ
ׯۣ·޵Ԩʧذ׹ǰͻȻֳ½ԶģЦյ꣬Ķ졣
ׯҪץסȻӰнԶһһʧޱ޼ʵĺڰС
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ٿŨڰ׽֯УԼһֽ֣΢Ĺ⣬㱼䣬ߴİǿĵ
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62 ɾ
һȺСֻѪ, ץӴʯħ, ȶųڿмѶƶ
ʯħޱ飬Щ͵ͷ첲ϽץǣͷԵʵǡǶô
ֻѪ˻ߵس˻𣺡ߴߴߴӣ
ʯħŤرһ, ϵʯ۶ҪŶ䳯ٺٵЦɵ, ˵ˡͦ, 㿴ҵ°ֻ, ǰ߲٣
ץϡϡ輸ͷѪ, ޿ҡԴزͷϾ
ʯħһ߰ӴһסѪ, Թɵͷ㾾ûˣͷųһ, أҪǸҳˣˮë򣡡
ѪƺȫȻвͷ˻𣬡
ʯħҲƢ, ʾͷغ



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ʯħ׾شӵޡ˼ɳ³Ƥĵط۵ᴵͷ˻ͷǣܻȥץ
Ѫָ裬Ϸɣȥ͹ȥNɪͲͷ
ʯħصؽ˼£ÿҲ磬ʱ쳹ʡ
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Ѫ漴˻ԹͷƤ顣
ѿһ޷죬ݡһֻѪŻִɳ·ʯ顣ɵſڣͻȻһΣ͵ؽץס
ʯħһץһֳֻԴһģɵɵ񣡽͵֣ɵ񣡡
ѪĵͷðǣκػԴų
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𶯣˴ҲֻѪֻ޹۷˰塣
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½Զ߹æŵغһͷδ𻰡
ׯδɫǰʵڵ𣿡
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ׯߵǰɫ󣬵ͷ˫߬½ֹʵôˣǲﲻ
˵ձָĶͷĴϼһ̣½Զ͵غһҵؿæץסȥ֣ؿڣͷ·ϵ
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紵ƣԼҶƮڼͷ䡣ɽ΢˿
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ŵһϢʦܣôѨ˺ձһֱڴ˵أ޷ָҲһǸ롣
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63 ɳӰ
ǰɽ, ׯһ·һ·ĥ, ÿ긱û£ôɳĵЩʲôϡŹ֣
°˼ʱ½ԶЦشݸһӣ˵ʦֳҴժģѾϴˡ
ׯӹҧһ, ͬҧ½Զǻմ˵ĭ֭ˮԶģСûʲô
ׯЦЦ, ߵĲݵԼȻؽ˽ȥ
½Զؿ, ſڻʦ, ȴû˼˵ֻͷĪ, ͷҧӡ
ׯ˵ͻȻתһ, ̫Ծÿ긱к, ΡȵȣεĵµûĻѲǸﾫ
ׯںɫ, ·ĿƵĿ˿½Զ̧ͷԶɽ塣
⡭ޣ, ħްôôҰ𣿣ҿʱû˵ΰ
ΥݣҪٱҲͬ⣡
ׯתͷ¿˿ʲôһͷˮؿԡͷڵãֱɽ
ΪʲôֱӲſ壬ԭϾȻһӣ
ׯľܻɽߡһ߻һֹ
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ʲôﾫŮҿƨɾǷСС;ѧṴҵˣԼϵĺëˣ
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64 ӻ
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ζؿһۣδֵҲδ⡣Ҵ˵˼䣬뿪ˣϵĲһڶûȡ
ʦ˵ЩСкǴĴץģǮʵڲֱץѵǰΪ˽⣬伫ҲȻİɡΪܾȸˣСҲǿȡġ
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ûǴĻͻħϮ򶼱Ѫϴһգ˵ˡɽɱħģǡʿף
ͻȻͣ½Ųǧ˿ƽ·һϸһƼϣҡ
Ȼϸ룬ôʱɺϣɺϣ
ԭãٳδͻȻϤЦһ
ʦ֣
ʱɽϡ˽Ատյ⼱ץʲô棬ƼٷǼٵĹ£Ķô£
ܲΧ㽶תͷǲͷءѽһߵʯǰָſտ˵ӣ뵽һŰ
Ϊʲô⣬׷״չһϷ·µı飬Ͳϱӡ
֣ܲµؿһ˵һСѣǳǳɰ¸СѣСҪϰҪһ졣ˣˣˡšҲɣڶǸɵ棡ٺϲһλãʵǴСʶСϲģɱˣرãǰһ͸ժһһÿ춼ʵģ졪
˵ص㣡᲻ὲ£
տս㽶һڣͷش
ܲ·ǳԼĹҲգЦؼ˵Ҫ˼ˣš
죬ÿʵˮ㲻֪ɽµòˣۻ𡣰ѽϧˣԲ˵ص㣬ȣǸأÿÿն࿴￪ĵ졣ƺϲţؿʼΪԼһ˼Ҳˣɵ˰ȥǸôţϲˣ۶˵Сôˣ֪ɶϲ𣿰Ͱ͵ؾȥ˵ɫ˵۵ı˾ô۸̣ܺܣ
ܲŻ̵˵Ź£֪ģ˵ֱǰʯϣͿտռһ׼ȷ˵ǿռ˴ӣִڿտռϣٲȻһõģ·ֵ¿ˮ
տɫһһŽȥץֱߵ㽶Ƥַըһӻһߵƨ˵ͷƻˣʲô罷ͷ£ޣ
ܲʯˤʯ׹ƨɶҪˤɺü꣬ץϵ㽶ƤһȥӣһƨŲҰë˺գСӡ
ܲ˵űҪȥҺҶסһȰһ߽ȥ
Ҷ迴˿ŶȽ㽶ĿտգǰЦСӱһ£Ű


65 ˵
Ҷߵտǰ, ű߳°Ϳ㽶ʾ֭, ԴҳһšƾձĻûô˵Լɣǰô벻ʱ£ԼнеĲȱ˵
Сӣѽ
տս㽶Ƴһ, ߰غһŶ, ػ˰ˣЩСûòػô, ʲôϡŹֵĹû, Щ̳Ҳ˼Ūػߣƨǹƨ
ҶٲȻһϴ˵ģЦ, ë׵Դ˵ǽ㽲һšѰĹ°ɡġ
Ҷһؿһ, ʼɫؽ¡
ǰһС, ϡͿؾͽһɡ
ΪʲôϡͿģɵ𣿡
ǣǵǰˡ
ŶǾǸɵ
ҵĻ
Ǹ˶ܺ, ʦֵܶϲ棬ʦȻмôǴ󲿷ֻǺܺõ, ͦչ
ʦΪʲô϶һͷ£
СܹܲԹҽꣿ

ʱῪЦ˵ԼһǱ˵ˣŻôôĺˡ
Լǵʮ꣬ԼĽʦǡΪʦϣܹȴ쳾˼һŷҲѾǵǰ£ϿɻˣδʵֵԸѾҪˣѾ˰ɡ
˲ڶ࣬׽ȴֻмλһλǴʦ֣ʵԼͰ͵ȥģΪʦúÿҲãЦϲŮҲϲ˵ǻҸɽһƬҲˡ
Ů⣬ʦʦҲʦΪ˵ǰѾˣǸʦֺϳơ˫ϡֻк˲ôаɣٳţ
˵ʦֱܶ࣬ҲǺ֪ʦñ˵Ҳܿÿʦ˶һȶͷ°ϵɽӣһľͷʹʦ˵ʱɫͺͰö࣬ʦסȻʦÿֳɫˣҶϲɡ
˴ʦ⣬ϲһλʦ档ֻʹʦֲͬλʦһʼܲʮоУÿÿΪǺƮŴѩڱɪɪ
ŴҶͬţϵܻһ㣬λʦʵڹĮˡͻȻһ죬ʦѣλʦ㾹ȻĵسְȻûкԵػҲʦֻһʱ֮ͣԣѾĶˣ׻˵ˮ֮ӿȪ౨οʦĵˮ֮ѵһһҪúöʦ㣬˦˦ġ
һλͱȽˣ֮£ʦֺʦԼȥġλʦȴԼҹе꺮ůչĵΡһʼЩɬôرشãЩܾÿǷʦ֡Ǿö֮ƵؽӴȴЩǡʦֵԼܸоԼʵڻشˣҪԼˣԶֿĹУЩǳ
С￪ʼ˼ˡ
׾Թ϶һתѾɴͨ˵ĻһҲôķϹȥˡֱһ죬ʦĻǧذתôأһϲˣôõأ
Ȼܼǵã塣
磬ɽ뵣һȺ˾¸̸ЦʦʦǴ̨ų׶¡
չ㱣˺棬ԼһӰվȺУģͷԡпĴ紵ùĲҲֻǾءؽֵ£˵ǰ鷢
תؿһŴ۵ݣδ覡ƺǳμôˣЩȣ۾ķ¶գգ۾
ӭĿ⣬سִкȴ·һֻܾС¹˵ܳ
û֣һָ̡ҵķʽԼϲ
չǿң紵Ƿɼ䣬ȻһЦ۾һͷЦӣչ⻹ġ
ͻȻһθܵٵζģ·һλżţվ⳯ɤӺιСˣϽɣ
ˣȻ󡭡һʰ
ⴺůֳʢնˡ
Ľ㣬¹ĽϪˮȻȻ
Ĵˡ
ġ
Сӣ˵ǲǺˣʣµֻлأôȵĴ죬һôõĴڣһĴڣôȵùأôء
ҶӶŽµĵ棬Сֹ
տշۿ㽶ӹȥֵޣƨ£ޣŻŻŻ
Ҷһһǰտյܻ˵С׻ôˣ
ܲ״Ҳǰһţ˽տհʯԲ⡣
տձغһץ㽶Ƥҹȥ
籩Ĺ£˰ˣԹԵ˵һԡ
ܲɽƳȥ˵ˣҪͦס
ɽᰰһۣħ߹ۿ˿տգ˵á
տռʮ㣬Ϊʲôˣʲô˲õϡ£㽶˽㶵ؿеصͷ
ţ
ɽһؿб˵һ䡣
Ҫħ





տ죬ϵ仯Դʺ̾Ŵݽ֯㽶˳
ѱػˣأҡҪħǰǰĸ֣˵ǹ£ػζŻŻŻ
տշŭץ㽶Ƥӹȥɽɵض㿪ħȻնԾſտս
֮ħʣɽ᰺Ͼ߻ԭλ
ȥֻտϵëһ飬һ㽶״
տյͷԼ޼ĺë۽У֮ʱׯ״Ͻǰʰо֡
ԵǧᣬСӣĳһС£䲻ܱ֤⣬˵һ֣͵Ǽˡʦʦöð¡
տղƳһۣϸׯģͷǼҲһ롣Ÿ㽶ָʹһǴӦˡ
ׯһվԭ˼󻺻˵˵̹ſʤ֮ϣһʯؾһֻʯΪա


66 ˣ
տ, ɫ漴ʮ, ׯգգۣϵ㽶Ҳ˳ԣָһڵϡ
ׯ۲ķӦ£Ҳſ˼˵մȺһ̾ᣬɽСɽ, ѨСˮ
տüͷָֹЩʲô
ɽˮôĵôأǸһЩ, ͸Ҳлɽˮ
սˮ֮, Ϊں֮, ơ
ⶴѨ˰˰ٶҲֻһػֻƾʲô
հʦΪʦ, ѧʮ䡢ơ֮
ţ쵹ǲ, ܹһë, ֻǾôƤëҲҳƺڵĺӶô𣿣
ƾͨһȡ𹿰ظȥ̫Ӵս, 콫⡮ʥ
ţҲˣȻҳʥ˰˰ػôţ, ֻӵ٣
˻۽𾦣칬ʮ콫κβˣ
ȵȵȵȣֱ֣̫ˣػ˰˰ûôûòĺӣûôţĺӣŻŻŻֻСûϱػҪǼ˱ػҪүүʲôߣػԳƺŻŻŻƨ㽶
ׯ˵տȻŭʮ㣬ﲻͣؾ׽㽶Ƥ
½Զ״æׯǰſ˫ֽ󣬿ſտŭС̫ˣʦණ
տʯλë׵ȣƳһۣе˵ػˣС޻ô죿
˵գһ㽶Ƥ
½ԶҲʾϵ㽶ƤӹȥæҵչҹƣɽӰӽƤ
ׯ½Զһߣһת˻˸λãǰֽͷϵ㽶ƤӲϵգ̿ع˹ıӣЦ㵹ÿġ
½Զ죬ӽлᣬСҶΪʦֲźֵġҲŲøʦֲҡ
ׯС飬Цգ½ԶӣԲվһԵۿŨĶˣƤء
δ죬ׯʵСŻ᲻ὲ£ֻˡ
½Զ˿ү˵Ŀտգæҡͷ֣еҲᣬĲᣬҶû£û˺ҽҲ֪ô½ˣԣҰﲻʦ֡ԲûãԲ𡭡
һΪǸ⡣ÿһܹʦ֣ޱȻϲȻǲǿ󡣲ΪʦֵİʯʦΪѣԣҪ㳤Ҫúʦһźá
ׯδ֣ͷĻԺҽ
ûãûջô෴ȴֻע⵽˵û˸¡
û˻˯ǰ£ǰеİɣΨһһ㰲οůʱжʧˡ
Դ֮󣬾۰ˡ
ԣϧ㣬۰㡢㡣ǸҲãֲҲãֻһǸɾġҪʲôҶ㣬£ҽᷳˣԻӵš
˶ѡ
½ԶŻͷգԹԼûãʦֵĻ͵̧ͷ⣬·Ҫɤ
ʦַš˵ʲô
ʦûңûң˵Ը⽲¸ֻ˵һ仰ˣע⵽ˣԸΪЩ顭
οҲãҲãֻһů㹻ˣѾҵ졣ʲôҶȻܣ˵ὲ¸һһֱһֱţᷳˣԻڴš
˶ѡ
ׯԴתߵտǰأĬá
棬ƼٷǼ١
֪ҪʲôĹ£ֻֻܶһѡ
˼֮ׯſڣ˵ĳҪĹ£ֻ仰ܷҪ棬ƼٷǼ١
Կտնͣ³㽶Ķؿ
仰ܽʲô£
棬ƼٷǼ٣
ʱСϣ𷽲˼뵽ħϮʿɽģʦܷ˵СкҲϵġ
ôɺϣ
ϸӡɣȷʵͽӡʲôʱǰչżһһģǾԲκβءΨһģпܱɽӡļƷǶ𣬾ʥѪ
Ȼһϸ룬ͻȻʧأշ˲أ֣п˻ֻ˭˴󵨣޹գ˭˲̣
ο֪ӡ֪˳ͱλʦ⣬ˣʿ׺նǽӡԺ֪
м䵽׳ʲô
ܸоһһĵزŲæǣֻ߲ص̫̫ʱûҵʱûüϡ
ѭ˼·֮ʣͻȻϤº͵ػһ
ʦ֣
Ȼһ·±ץһ㣬ӦŻת˵ôˣ
֮һϮɫĦŴָЦݣ˵ʦ鱱ʦܼɳһ£˭֪ʦߵ̫ʣʦɽʦڹң
عǰ棬𣺡ˣһ㲻ɣ
ʿЦЦǰС
һţһ׿˿ʵȥħ
ʿתͷֱ׵ûʦкʣ
к쳣֮
ʦ־ûк쳣ħϮĵط඼ʬҰѪɺӣ׹ɭɭҲ̶á˵Ҳ쳣Ļʮ쳣
ȻǣҲ˵ħ֮һڣΪλСкܳ
ţҾ֪д£ʦִӺε֪ħ֮˵ʮҵʱϵ㼰ʱҵħﲢǸλħ壬ʵǿһ˹ȫлڣҲ֮С
δ𻰣ֻźӿԶաĻƻϼ֮Ѿδ
İľϣĺҰһ˲侹Լˡ
Ӵ˵壬вյĹȻ˿Ҳ֪ʲô˼ֻߣܾһ·©̫ණ
սɳΪʱʼͨʱʼΪʦʼһΪõ˺ܶ࣬Ȼͷʵ·϶ԼµĶ
ͷǶ¶£ͷ̫ѣǰ·ѡʧȥѾʧȥõĻδصõԻһֱȥԼһֱŵ·ŵ
Ϊ
ˡ
߹һ磬űһӣԼ˻С
͵̧ͷȴһȺѪץһֻȻﾶֱ
ʦСģ
ʿۼֿһץסĸ첲ڵϻϣסѪĹ
Ѫץʯħ鳣漴תɹǡ
عѸһԾɱѪ
ѪɿצӣؽʯħȥԼ·
ʯħݺˤڵϣ𶯣ʿ׽һҡΡ
ʯħƨɴӵٶŤһɵ񣬰ӴҵƨɣҲȥǿ˺ĲΪħӴۣӴӴӴ
δƨϵʹɢȥʯħ۱㿴һӭǿҵĹԼšֻǿէһȼż
ӴӴ˲˲ͷҵͷ̸죬ûеʣڽԼս
ʯħһָ֮ΣͷıСоһ漱ϵĻ𡣷Ű۳洵ãſڵϣʹز䡣ϵʯ۶˼Ƭ
ԴϵķĲ󣬻漴ϨʯħһſڵϣţҺҺãûˡ
㱼䣬ʯħԼӰղؽһ
Ƭ֮ʿ״߳˿Ǳʯħ˵㣡ǵҵħߣ㰵ʹթҸˣͳꡣұҪ֮Ϊ
˵գֻʿͳķʯħűߣֻ⣬󼴽ʯħҪӿȴ񱻽ˮճסҶˡ·εĲסס·
δֻ޷Ӵܵʯħһԡ
ѪĽֻѪ漴£ץʯħʹ̵ȶѪ״ųˣǺڻ
ʯħſְȷ磬·ȶܷɵÿһ㡣
ŽµʯħһֻغϺӣץɣԣ
һӣԾ𣬾ֱʯħĴȡ
Ȼдһ˻ߵĺУűܻŭ
أϺӣ㣡Ϊϲĳôôҵţһģ
ԺʯħسѪɵɣǸϺӵĽˣϽģ㣬ӴӴҵȣ
Ѫʯħսţͷϳ˻ҽͷԼѪĴȣŤ٣ЦòֺڿлԴ·Ĵ󺺡
еħգ۱ʧӰ٣׷Ҳ޴׷תͷյʿףʵʦܷ˵ǣ
ʿתͷӭĿ⣬ǡǰ;һȺʯħΪʤȯգȴû뵽ħƻɣʹթҸˡںϵʱһȺħҲһ򡣡
ײԵ棬Скһ±޹أ
˸˼δڴ˵ؾɽ
ͬʱɽϡׯԭã˼еĻ
̬䲻֪ǷУҪһԣҽˡ
տһ㻹ˣʲôʽı鶢ׯ˦㽶Ƥ͵˵꣬Ļҹȥ
֮ׯǰһſտ˵ĳֻ仰á
һ
˺һˡ
Ƕ𡣡
ͷˮؿ֪ơ
ܲ˵ʦ֣˵ʲôأô𣿡
Ҷ漴ҡͷ
ǰҺ趼û𣿡
ɽûᡣ
㿴ûȷֻɵ
ׯδҡֻᶨؿſտգࡣ
տշŻеҡ㽶Ƥ˵仰ԺɫҲͬʮ࣬ϸ͵شλ
ܲ״漴˵ӣɲܴ˰ʦֲǹЦ̵͵ģԼɵɲԹǡ
տվʯϣǶׯ˶á̺Ϣ·һ˭²͸
ܲԴ̾˿Եעòˡ
Ϊʧ֮ʱտȴͻȻ֮ͬǰˣһΣģ˵ͨ־ϣԵȡ
ʲô˵ʲôͨˣȷûȻˣ
ܲ۾ŵñ廹һϵľ״
տؿһֹ߶˼䣬ֻʯԵ㽶Ȼͣһ۵Ĺ
һźׯϣһõˣѸٻɽֽ
ʱħڣʯħʮؽõĵڶöֽԼĻǹһɫһ
ױʾο漴ӰץһǸʯħЦǺǵǰ˫ֽסЦٽӡ
ǺþŸճͷ㽫ȡصöֵ񽻸
ʯħͷ˵ܲһνꣿܺ۵ġ
ţ
ӱī̧ͷޱ飬ŭ
ʯħ漴ԴЦûʲôûʲôû˵ٺ٣ʲôû˵ȥȥ
˵գֻ򰵿·˴
ϣׯ̫ڳǽһæ˰òõľȻǸٻ֣ȻˣˣǺӻǺﾫﾫģ
ʱҴڶöֵʧܣҪץõʣµö֣̬Ͼ
δüЪһ˱ͣظöֵ֮ءɽ֮


67 ɽ֮
ħ, Ѫץʯħɽ֮
ɽ֮, 죬۽ڤڤκζѪʯħɽţ漴һŰǰΧ
Ѫɿצӽʯħڵϣ֮еġӴһʯħƨɴӵ, ɵ´νǰܴܲкƨɲⳤĲ۰
ߴߴߴߴߴˤҲ, 
ʯħԴͷĴѰңһ, Ⱥɵˡ
ȻŨ, һ˱ǡ㱼䣬ǰľ󽥽ģ
ǰɫ, ôɺɫˣ
ԽԽԲԽԽ, һһ񡭡Ǻ«
ʯħ, ٴŴ۾ϸǰĶûǱǺ«
ǱǺ«Ү֮ټǺ«ˣأ
ʯħǰıǺ«ʹ飬һǰһʱԵĶ, ʱһҧȥģóԼˡôôóԵĶѹһֱ빥°ѲҲŰıǺ«
֮Ѫų, Žµʯħһӿҧˮһأͷɵ˰ʵڻ
ʯħ˫˫űӿУﻹЩɻôյıǺ«ôӲ
̷ɵѪЦмֻѾЦûڵϡ
ڵӴ඼ʯħ˸飬Ѫûֵ˼ԽԽҪδ졣漴վϳУߴߴߴߴӣ£
ʯħδᣬֻöӣ̧͵ĵߴߴĶӲ֡
ѪΧŷɣͲٸߺС
Ȼʯħ·ħһ㣬رסӣҲѪ
ɽ֮֮ĸţ֮˻Ὣǰľ￴Լİ֮˻İ֮
ֻҪģǰ֡
ʯħҧӣѪʵڿȥһȺΧһԲߡ
ֻѪʯħŰΧһֻ˻еߴߴһ
䣬ǻƵȳʯħϡ
ȺѪǻۣĶԲ߾ǡǸɵӣ
ʯħŴ׼ҧȥʱͻȻһůζе֣
˽ӽͰʯħʪѪЧѹ
ʯħۣλԴŻһӣŵûһףԶǸӡоһֵζʯħӣĴšŵԼϵɧζǺԴɣټһš
ѪЦڿдתʯħֻӣ֪׼Ǹɵĺ£漴ɵǲ򣡣
Ѫֺؽǰ󾭹ɫģһ飬ѧģҧ
ʯħεͷٺЦⲻǡþûԱǺ«ˣٺ٣ȥˣͱˣʷʷ
Ѫѧģšʷץɽ꾮ȥʯħϵջδɣ·̱ǵɧζǺЩιȥһ·ֱͷͲ°ĭ
ϣɫ԰ףӣһǰɽʱ飬·˵ľ񶼱ˣҲһӾˡ
ͨ˵ĻͲСˣӦãꡣȻ˵ûֹģж೤ֶ೤¶Ҳж೤ö֮ҲֻһֶѣѾûκˡ
ò޸ģ޽δ˥Ȼȴһ˲ˡ
߹ŢС·վڱĹǰնĹϵּḧ
¾ӿͷ·ѭһʵĺԴϡ
ˡʱ̫æˣû㣬벻Ұ϶ǲİɣһ֪㣬Ͽ϶һȺСΧšôܻӭҶϲ㣬˵ĶЩĽǸ˵ģܵܳˣкܶŮϲ˵Ȼǲܣһֱ㵱׵ܵܡǰɽµӣʱǿ
ΪȻ˵㣬ϲġֻǸʱδϧٲ֪ѵãͷأȴ˴Ժ󣬻عͷŷ֣վǴˡ
ѽС͹龫ֵģû취˲ĻûǰˣߵСȴǰˡﲻֻˣҲһˡ֪ҵ壬ֻ㵱ܵܡҲ֪㲻ϲҺãСҲãʵҲãֻ㲻ˡʱ˵Сʱ飬㲻һôÿɽһЩЦҪٰǵСˡô˵˵ڸԶСӡ
̸յʱ⣬̸ǸȺ˰ˣתºͣ·˿̺ʱһͬͣͣϡ
˵ҲǸСӡ
ǰ֮ʱǵԼŮۡ˵Լһ֣ܾţ۲ݣٲãʵǶԲס
յĻһһ䣬ǵã˵鶼ػֻǹôãǷݵůѾʼóء
ب֮Ķ࣬һ𣬱ͻȻȼĴ𣬱Ĵ񣬱񶼲ķӡ
ӡ
պʲôҪ£ϵЦݽʧ࣬űĹãԼǵõ걱Ҳ֪µġ
㱼ǵñִⲻͽӡҲ˻ִЩ֡ΪΣ
ɽӡҪ֮Ѫ֪飿Ϊβͽӡйأ㵽֪ЩʲôġĶ𣿡
ܣܵİɣٺҲᡭµģġġ
²⣬뼫ᶨĿˣ棬Ҳñ˵Цģܣġ
ȻҪ񶨣ǷݼùĲ²ȴ·˹ȣѿٹֻ̡Ҫһѷ죬ˮޱ״롣
ʵֻǶöѣ׼ȷ˵ֻͨʱöѡӺ뷨ǲ֪ܱȫǧˣ˵ֺηԣ۾գһ¡
Եգ˰ǰԥѡˣԲԣ
˰ǰҲԥѡˣԲԣ
ԭˣˣһֱˡ
ɣˮۿдתʵģֻһֱ˰ˡ
֪ģһֱˡ
տЦҡͷϥǻ뿪
һת㿴վޱؿ
ʶҵز۽ǵᣬŵίͨͨغã
ʲô
䣬˿оվŵϲ˰뱲ӵˡ
ͬûκػ˾䣺ݡ
Ҫʵعװˣй򣬲ļ⣬ȥ˰ɣҵȷ˾Ͳǹˡ
գ̫嶯ˡ
ҳ嶯ǣǰǱȲʦ³ȹϣɱ˲գۣ²顣
ɱɱ֮ˣΪҪ飿
ɱ֮ˣҵʦ֣˸ɱ˸ϣʲô˲Ƿɣɱɣ
֮ˡ
ء
һһظĻȻЦһǱأ
ͻȻ𱱻üͷ΢壬ƺԡ
أΪζζʦָ
أĬƬ֮˵һ㣬ζ
ͷһ֫ҡΣָָԼ˵ңȻ˵ң㻳ҵ⣿Һ
˵ŵĻպȻЦЦţ᲻ߵӣеĻߣҲֻһ䡣
ҵܵܡ
ǵģͷҲֻӦһ䣬ȴ˵һ䡣
֪ͺá
δĶˣ˾Եøɢ
ɽ֮ׯվڹ⣬ͷ˿ң󻺻߽
ڣ̨ͤ¥·ɾŨƣһ篱Ұ˼䡣˿˿ƣ糾ʫ续ɴָл
ܲŤͷƣתһ룬ǰÿû£ôˣ
ˣ˵βʲôıɣ㿴Ծ
ˢˢۿܲ㬵ԴһĶԵư͡
Ȼδ߼߱ƮһƬƣСꡣ
ʦ֣
ҶЩԹ޵غֻܲܲԼֹͣ죡ޣ


68 
ׯ߽֮, ܲѻһƬ, ˸ƣŶѵͣͷٳٲȥ
վһţˢˢ̧ͷЩơЩƷ·۾ƵģܸоҲڵͷԼ
һ紵վڷҡ, ЩƷ·˯һ㣬ȻǷ, ˶ӡ
ʱͣ룬ãȻЩơȻƬ֮, мαˮǱǼ⡢ϡ
ţʲô
ܲͷ, ָʪһ飬ʵˣ
, ƴЩí˾صĶк¡һһ, žϡ
ʲôʲô, ʦɵ˻ܣ
ܿѰڱ꣬ܲվԭЩƣɻôˡҶĻ·ඥһ㣬Ȼ, ԴŶⲻ𣿡
ˣιôһ, ȵңһѵ϶ռˣҺ٣
ܲѾûӰź֪ȥһһִ󺰡
ⳡµϡ棬һϡﻩȫкբҲûôѸ͡꼤ϵˮˮߣããһƬ·ɴС
ע֪˶ã˽ԱˮγɵԷҲһо
ƽСãͣˣɢȥ˲ѰҶԷȻֻ뿪Ƭֻ̣ҪһˣƬҲ˼֮
ɽߵӣͣޱֱ˻ϡ
Ȼ
ɢȴӰͣسԼ
Լ˰ɡ
ɽûжǰߣȻӰڵش󲽶
ĸվһţɽֻ˻ǰˮſǰЩ
һ·ħһ㿴ԼɵЦӦǼЦЦպЦ
֮⡣
ɽᰱħ´ǣĿ⾯裬䣬ǡ
δ˵ֻ꣬ϴ쳣ĺŮĽߣſ˫͵سԼ
һ§ͷ䣬ίʮ˵衭ôôӲˡ
˼ҶȻ
һű߱ŴȽԶ㲻ҪҺòãҺϲġ
һקĸ첲˻Σʦֻܲһ˺ãҲʦֶЦ˵ʦ֡
һĲӣͷԺһСţû˸۸ˡ
ɽᰱקųţҡҡλΡͼǵľѳ͵һ㣬Ѿͣʮˡ
˸оԼŵĶ룬æŵؽŲ֣ΨץסĶϢʧ
㲻Ҫңҿ϶СӶãͻͷҳɲɣ
Զϲģǲϲ˰
ʦ֣ɲֻһ˵ģ
СԺҶá

ɽԭر§ק޷һɭɱˡҧأۿżɵӵˡ
Ȼ˿ûֵ˼Ƥ䣬СèСһ߲仹һš
衭
Զ
ʦ֡
Сš

һ侲ŵɽᰣ˿ҲܲסŭͷձҰҺдһ˿Ĭţͬͬţͬšɹʮкͬţﵱɱɱ
ȻλɵԼֲиس䣬ҡθ첲Դ򴷴ȡɽҧÿ죬޿̣˸
ֻħϹ죬նһᣬýݺĴǣ·һλĸ׻˽ý߳С
˱ħˣæɿӴܡܲƨһ·ؽлҶ˱ԴĴܡ
ɽڴǵħצнѣȻؿǱĶء
ѲǷŵ⣬ϴˣԴˣҲ½ˣ
ɽɻ̧ͷ߲δɢȥüͷ΢ࡣ
룬ɽ֮ƣ֮꣬紺էй֮һϴӣ˻ὫǰĶˡ
ԡ
ɽΪ޶ԡ

ڸӣǿ˵ɡ
ܲҶֻʵ̨ͤڣħͣڿתƣתȥѰˡ
̨ͤڣǰĺӺȻܲҶ豳ŶԷǰɵЦ
ôôˣٺ٣ʦҪ̧ͷܿ㣿ٲ԰أôûôӲӲģȷŻˣôû£
ܲ§ʹҡΣң㲻˰ɣޣ죬ѣʦְ裡ţӢŰôôҵ裡ôᣬôɰôˣҲˣѣۿʦ֣
ʱһߣҶͷӣָԶúø߰ҶͷˡôͻȻôߣͷңι⣬ͷһ
ҶQų֣ܵͷԼ
ǰϡ
ù廤סʦܣ𣬼֮˼һӾˡ
ΨһиׯѾɽˣһλصĵӽɽдС񽻴Ժ󣬱ɽչء
ԼĪգʿײ֪ʲôͻȻһֻչأ￴ʲôҪæĵط
֮ʦֵһðտĻҪġ
ϾЩС޹֪ģҪԭ򣬲֪
Ҳǡ
ʿ׽ǴһɫɫΪСС·ţϵķУ徰ѣˮˡ
Ȼģõġ
õʲôϵҪյóòС
ӭСӽϲͬʺãЦ̸߽ƽǼèηηصͷһʦ
Ψʿף·Լһ㣬еظߣ˵Щҳ߿ЦɡΨû𳤼ӣ˭˵ϼ䡣
ϵĵʵЩĽĮɷϵʦֵܣʦȻҲԣҲ̫ˡƽΨԼˡ
ʿ𳤶ðƽܴСɽ棬ɻ裬÷ơʳҲãΪԼĵأΪΪΣ
ʿ𳤽տʦ𣿲ʦڱչأһˣϽȥȥùˡ
СӸʿߣЦ٩İݸ
ʿЦŽӹϸƣҿӻû죬㲻ѡ
㲻ѣ𳤿˵ЦǰĶһѣȥˮǵİ㽶ӡķеİסĪʹˣҪ¸ˣ
ʿҡͷζغЦ֪һְǰ廹ҪֻͣҪһ˻ǣӡǣҶǡ˼ҹ밡
Сӷ·Ǿ棬Ŵ۾ʲôʲôʲô侹ȱĪְ˾ܹ겻ɣ˵ѽˣ
ʿ׿ЦЦֳԴһ£ְŽ̹Ŷ
С۵ԴյƭңԴСʵڹ֣
벻һҶǣҲԡ
ǲҪˣǻأҪǵ¶մ
С˵ձӿˣҲ볢ְ
ʿ׿ܵıӰЦҡͷսɽ


69 ߻ħ
ѭС, ʿеε, ӵ˵ࡣ궼ǰĶ̳ˮҲãҲãⶼǰģɾֻһһ
ѡ
ʿ׿İָϸϸĦ, ָѹӲ
ѣϧϧ
ʿ̾˿, սӣֶ, ֱɽ
ձչصĶѨ, ʿǰʱƣĵָ, ֻ½˾ͳȥ
գϲԼͷϵȺС, óԵĺ, ʲôϡҪ˳һ
ʱԼͽܵƤֱÿÿָͷԹΪϲʱԸҪЩ󶼷, ⡣
ȵ´ʱҲѧһ֣ǰԸȥö, غЩЩ
Ȼÿζܱʿһ˿©ҵʱ𻹰˼⡣Ϊʿǳ˹ӣڰߣı
ʿ׵˱˻ԣʹһ֣ǽͷӵıҰ˲֡
˵̵ĻռϹϡ䱦ȥֻۣϧȹܹŮϣԲʮﶼð벽
գ˷ظ塣ʵǡ
ʿ˹ȣв˵壬ӾͲˡ
˽֪ǰӿ˵ǹıˣʿ˿ɻɣֻܻͷظ˰塣
Ǳպƭ˵ǱһѺСıֻǲ͵͵Сӣǰ컹ץ˸š
ʵʵɽһħĺ«ѡ
ֻǵʿ˵ͷϻţգЩʲӺƭСɫĹѪʳ̶ȿȻȻȫȻţǸҲûʲôǼٵģȻƣġ;˵ĺӣ
˿Э˰壬ֲǣٰͶ
һ¾
ĸһͬܣԿ׳⣬ÿ˵ĴҲЯ
յĻЦСС֣ǰʱǨٻú˺ܾúܾáأսͬеˣɢˣ߶ˣҲûл
ʿŽӽĶڣµӡҲһʢ磬ƣʯǰ̸ЦʯһȺµӻϲء
ȻһͨòͨƽòƽӣϢֲأԼϲ
Ȼ
ƾޱ䡣
ʿ׻߽Ѩˮδʯ쳹أԼ΢ĺйɵǳ
ߣ㿴ڳʯϣ˫ĿƣЩ㱣ɫ࣬ƺЩԾ
ʿ۾Сǰߣӽ̽Եػʦ֣ǰȴͻȻ٣ɫǺ죬촽ϡ
ãҪ߻ħˣ
ʿ׼״æǰͼɸסȻһӽ·һʳԼڵ̰ؿţֱ۷ؼȡ
ʿȻ֣ȴϢң˫ĿѪ˿Ŀ֮״·һܳѪ
ֲܣԻħɥ
ʿɫ࣬ӻͳŵӣſ˸漴յѨλʳָָӰ󱳣
ԼĪһյĹ𽥽ƽ˳ƽȣϵѪ˿ȥ
־ָ𻺻תһԵʿףſ˵
ͻȻһڹ̵Ѫǰϡ
ʿ׵ǰԲѡ
˷̽̽
ΪԼɣ˿̹Ǻá
εؿʿףǽԼ̫ڱչʱ˼ҡЩ߻ħҲΪ˾Լˡ
Ȼߵգûеǰ޻̸ˣ껹ڵġ
˲Լϵ˱㾶ֱɽΪʿѰҩ
һϲǷ˵Ķ飬ûľҪ
˼ʿ׵ΪԼҽҩϣҪҶе˲С
ֻǲɶҽõҩˣֻˡ
δԥֱ塣֮ĶԹ˽£Ҳֻ֮¡ҽʿǴ£˽˸ҲӦġ
˱֮ǧԱŸĴ㣬һ·æɫࡣ
ղδɨسţţҲԸΪһյ裬ƽͺú̸
ȻȴȫȻ룬һű㷢ûҩܾܲȣ
ռĲԸΪյòҲӲؾܾ
ҩûУ
ˣ룡
һβɢȥϵĲ軹ðҶˮϣԤʾš
޹۷ﾹЩܡϻذʱһλ˾þɽУˡ
ͣظһ򣬹ͬգԩ޳ԣӦʲôʲôҪʲôʲô·֪ܣһλɽֵˡ
ȥһһ֪ȴһȻصģ˫Ŀ΢գҡȣ
ͷû̧һ£ֻ˵֮ͯѪָ塣
ϸţȻͬʱͬһҲţɫ԰ףָľš
շżȻʧıӰʵڲ̡Ǹҩ˭֪ȴ˵ķӡ
Ǹӡ
֮ͯѪ
ȻǸɱ˲գ۵֮ˡ
תҧأ˫ҡҡλε뿪
ʱɽ֮Ϊħôׯ½ԶǱһ¥Ŵգ˿Ϸ죬ֻӬҲɲȥ
ħͣ⣬Ÿ¥תȦȦ¡ҡػصطţи첲Ļͷɻˡ
½˶ɴɵ㶵ǵħЦ
ЦԴײһ𣬰ӴһԴŶԷ
СţСţ
ׯԴ½Զůűգֱ
ңСš


70 ռů
½Զׯ, ̰ĵ¶ȡսԵ, һ㱡룬½ԶСĵؽ˲䡣
һֱ˫ֽ󣬴ɽѪצ¾ȳ𣬴Ի֮ԭһֱšϧš
ʦ֡ȻõˣǴõˡֻܴһ˺þ͸ˡ
ǰÿһС, ǿɫŸ˵, ﷭ȥͷεǼ꣬ҧ, ˴, ͬۡ
ǶôЦأ
󲻹ָЦûĺӡ
û׵ģǰеġֻǡûˡ
ǻӵ, ûöһա
˵ྡ, ˿, ޾Ŀࡣĺܿ࣬Ȼȴ
ֱ괺죬ͬ۸һϢ֮, 㱼Լһλ٣ˣԴ, Сĵزɾģ˫۵Ѫ
ȻֻԼǵ˫ֺůԵȻͽʧҲҲˡ
ֻиģӰӣѭģļ䡣ҰɽˮɽԽֻΪ㡣
Ȼˡ
Ȼ֪ǷѾѰãůģģӵҲġ
룬ҵӦô˰ɡ
伫࣬Ψͷһ㣬೤

ʦֻ֣ܲһ˺ã
ΪѾĺˡ
½Զͷ·һֶ֧ģҲЩ٣Щ̣ϸϸƺ˫Ųںϣ˫ȷС૵
ʦ֡ɲԡ
ҡ
ׯͷԼ֣뿪ڶ䡣ȴͷ΢΢ϡ촽ҲЩϡ
Сôˣôڷ
½ԶǵͷҡͷҡҲֻ֪ǡֻǾú䡭
ׯƴһ⣬漴ס֣Ĵдָ⴫ȫͷһüǵôô·ʪˣϽġ̫䣬ȥ𡣡
¥޹⣬Ŵգӷ϶ε˺󱳷ׯܴһһӣնԾƵֻǰ˲ķڵϡ̶ǰͽֻ˼ʣէһľͷȼա
ׯڻǰ½Զϥǣͷȼ䣬ֻ¶һ˫۾Ŵ۵Ļ⣬С¹㾯裬ַ·ǰݾ
ׯ׵ͷٳٲȥʪ͸·ֻǷضǶȼľҲ²߰ˡ
㲻ԾЦЦֽڻԼϣһֻ§һֻֻԴԣסߣԴԼš
ʲôأҾͺá
½ԶžŻȻһ̱ʦֻ޴صͷ˿Լλã̧ͷʦ֣ãȻ֪ýԼַźʡ
ʦ֡
½Զ˫ַǰŵؿָʱ߬½ǣʦ˵ȴ֪˵ʲôҲʵڡ˵ʲô
ô·ˡ
ׯ˵űӣ½Զһ˫ס߬סգۿǺ졣
ׯ¾мȤЦ⻹ûʲôأСѾѧẦˡ
Լ
ׯ̽½Զصͷǽסͷ͵ЦƵؽ⿪Լݸҵġ
½Զ·סһ˫ׯһɺŵĶ
ʦϵζÿÿŵɻ㣬ܸоһëزңָ㣬
ʦֿԡҪҡ𡭡
½Զͷգ͵ׯ˵С
СѺߺҪƫƫׯ˾ϲ⸱ӡȲ˵ҲתͷֻרעضϻеЦ˿ûбӵ˼
½Զȴ̵ֻҸطȥԽȫ䣬˫ۣ޹ġ
ׯ̲סЦεҡͷ˵ˣ㻻ɣұۣ㡣
˵գ֣µر˫ۡ
ԼĪ˰Σ½Զӵ˵˾䣬ˡ
ׯۣǰȼյľͷž졣ٴרİڶڣƵĻĲҡҷԵΪ͡˳۽۵衣Ŀǳǳӯӯ飬ǲöƽ˾̶ΪԳׯҲֻܶжףɾ
󲻹Ǿ䣬ĸԸˡ
ʦ·е㿴Ӻóѽ
½Զ̧ͷ˻ȫסĸ첲ׯϣС͵ɾɿ壬ȫȫסӡ
ׯӭߣ©ģ·Ŀݽ۾ǰ鷢شţüĿ飬糺죬촽޺ݣȴǵĽ
ԽԽǸׯһЦ˼ֳķ˵ͷҲʪˡ
ڵϣ˿кɢڼͷס½ԶʵɬںīɫĵƤ𪣬ɫٺ죬üۣȻһӿ˵Сϱģ
ׯ¿ˮ¹ﰵٿȥͻزˡǣȻɫǻ谡
½ԶؿׯԼſ˵ͻȻ۾ͷһ˫ֽס½ǡ
ׯƳ¶˫ţȻָģס˫ţüʵ
ЩգҸůů
ĺȻһů⣬½ԶӲ׶
ʦ֡ˡԼǵʱ˵Ҫ׿ҵĽţⴥ
ΪǿˣˣҪġ
ұ㣬ҲҪġ
Сȴ֪ģнЩաʦ֣Ľˡ
кӰûйϵģʦֲǺѣ޸ϵģǡ
Ϊλᡭᡭм¶
оúÿ죬룬Դת
½ԶׯĲȻؾţɽ֮ۡвǧ˼֯Դѱ㿪ʼ˼롣
ʲôأ
롭ʦֻϲʲôأ
ʦÿᣬʦ֮˻ʲôأ
½Զׯﰵ˼
ʦҲôҲȢôܳΪʦֵӣңЯֹŮӸʲôأģͻݣֻʦָĽĹ
½Զ߬䣬ͷ롣
ʦֵˣӦõŮӰɡ¾ãǰٷ細£ʫվˣڲ࣬ﻹһŵСӡ
Ȣӣð
°ݣɪ˼䡣
½Զһ˿ɬǼģʦȢޣòΪ˲ʦˣ˿㻤
ׯСĵĦ½ԶĽűĵ¶һ㴫Ľ˲԰ף˱ֻϽů͡
ʱʱѯʣ½Զӵػشȴõ䡣
ЩůԺ˰ɣ˫ԺҲٽˡİ֮ˣ϶ϤİϧɡԺҲӵͷŨɻԲÿ齼۰ػˡ
Ȼ󽥽أͲٴԼôˣԼĺӣÿɰԸⱧ
Ȼ󽥽أֳһûû˰Ĺ¶¶ϡ
ѹ½Զڴתĺѹ
ο޷Ψʦ֣ʧȥվʦߡůò׵õģòץסģǧ࣬õпôױߣ
ԡ
ҪʦֵĻǾ͡
ɱɡ
ԣɱֻҪʦֵˣɱ˰ɣȫһһ
ֻҪǲʦֵˣɱˡ
ֻҪǸ˺ʦֵˣɱˡ
ֻҪѰ·ɢǵˣɱˡ
ǣʦҲϲǸأʦֲأ
Ǹô죿ôźأ
ô졭ô졭
ûϵģֻҪʦߣôν
ʦֲ뻤ǻʦ֣Ժʦְɡ
ֻҪʦߣʲôŶ
ţʦһ˾㹻ǰɣ
ΪҲֻʦְ
½Զͷһ˿ݾ·𼢶ҰѰٵѾõļȣ̰ݵȡ
·ǵõĴ𰸣оë׶ʼ˷ܡ½ԶеЦ̧ͷׯõֹסĲӣԴ䣬ʦ֡
ţ
á


71 ʦֶ[v]
ׯ½ԶԴ, ͻȻ˵仰, ȴʹ
ĺô
˵ɼͬҲɼȻһɼǹΪ֮
ǧֲѣǲѣΪ˺ɡ
֪ģȻġΪ֮
޿κΡ
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ʦֽյĻƻóԣһȥ԰ɡ
ʦ֣кôһƬְȥժӰɣ
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72 ͯ䣨һ
С, ϵ˷׷ΧŴ۹͡ʯħӴδϵ, ǸУŵĴܡ
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ܲ˫ֻǰҶ״ɻ󺰵ʦ֣ӦûԴ
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ѽȤСͻŽ£ǳĵغãҵСƢҲʾʱƤ¶羾ӡ͵ڼҵСУ˯ŵĴϻè˵ĵɷǱȲλģͨ󣬾ܽշ
ȻǾͿЦͷֻܳǣѾ˴뱲ӣ˳Żô졣
ԭԼģ㹴ҵָ˵ƤŶ
»㱣תѵǳ޵ӡ㽵Ҫʼˣι׼
֪ط߶߶޿˵ǰմʪһ롣
ԭڴΪ˸ʱ˴ֲ
ǰСɼʵŸĸ͵͵ȥģ˵ǩԭǲŵģֻǳż˵Եʮ顣Ҳ£Ѿߣ͵͵ȥһ֧
ǩǿ̣ޱϵضţǩ
˻ˣץǩܣ̸㣬㲻Ҫ£Ե˵ˣ
Ȼż򸮸ʱ·ȴһ磬ŨѪҲԽԽ࣬ΧŲ෭Χơ
СشǰԵˣͷײѪ°͵ϡ
һźΧҲҳź棬ԼܿӰǰ
Ӵû治
а۸ŽſŵС㣬·ڶֿɵõ
ǲȸϵĺöˡ
վڳаԵˣָʹҷأĺɢ¶һףѪϴħħڱħˡ
аؿбϷʵ㻹û湻˿ɶøˣҵġ
ǣ۶Ž·С㣬вмƣҷҪأ
аżˣָŰƿڴȴͻȻӵ˵绻淨λԼѡ㲻ֻ֣СţΣ
Уֲɵ˭Թš
Ц˶٣·г񣬵ġ
ɢȥʧ
С㾪δƴܡȻܻؼңδЪһ㿴ǰɫ࣬ĸߣ
ϷһֽֽԻһľС
СΡΡ߹ȥָֽ
ţƤֽϣȻӡ֣Соͣˣ󻺻ľУľп˲侪һˡ
ĸ׼״ǰס޺ſŮ§ţΨһʧˡ
ֽϣд֡ľڣѾߵͷ
⣬Զ
Ѿ޵촽ϣ˫۲Ѫ˿קų֣ڲ
ͬڷԴһƬհס·ͬСɣûа취Ҫ߸ףǸףа취
ҪԵһȺѪԡǿħֻͨϰհ
ӻĸ˵ֱĪȥ߸ףһа취ġСڼҿ²̫ȫ˽Σ
ͷߵӡ
֪ܻ֮ظϻظ·񱼣Щײϵˡ
һţ㿴С븾˱һšС̧ͷȥס޺
ţСۿͨ죬øһѱס޵ԺҲˣ޸Ҫúõģ㲻˹ȥץ㲻£Ҽ˹ҲᱣġҪĵӣˣǧҪңÿǵҷǰ˺ӣǵҲ˵ġֻǡֻûøˣҲţԺ㵴ǧˣôǧѧ˰
˵ˣµģҵڣǻһ޵ģĵϽӣãҺӵĸԼġ
޻˶ͷŶͷ·ˮһϢһ㱧һ
̬ĵʿȻһ޲ߡ̫ħ̫ǿͨĵͽħҲˣκδ˴ξǸλħλǲĴ
Ī˵ЩСʿˣǰɣҲֻּ˿֮Կ
ֻܵ
ʱѹգ˳Ʋҵ·һҹ֮ʮꡣ
գСׯ˿αԹԸ˻ؼңСһͬȥ׽ץϺҲؾˡ
﷢˴£ǸƲ֣ҲЩѹҲû顣СҲ׽һ㣬οӺϵ͵͵˳⣬СڶϲĽ㡣
Ȼ£ζĲģкüʯ񶼲С
СׯţҲǽں濴Сģ˼ʲôܹħķҳ϶Уˮûأôôأ
ǳ˼֮ʣͷӭײһλʿ
Сׯҹȥʿ۸С
ʿһͷˮ·ײˣô׽ȸ״
С㲻·ײҵģ
㲻һôöûײˣôƫƫײˣ
С㽲ﶼôģ
ССǲģ
ʿײһԲƽϣȥ
С·ͱϵĽɻʵץħ𣿡
źߣʶˣ
Сׯ·𿴼ϣһ㣬ȼ˻⡣
˿򸮣ڲһԣĵʿһһ޶Բߡ
ʱСׯ˸߲ҵغţһˣ
˽̧ͷȥƼһλģĵʿ׷ɻ
ǵʿȥȴһɵӣ˵а취ǰ˵ƽ
˸Źâÿϣ⣬㼤§С㣬ᡣ
֪ħȻǿ󣬵һ㡪»ö֮ǰǵǿûˡǴ˴ȴҪСţӭ׶ǰֵءǵн磬ҽȥһĻҲЧֻܴڲ֡
һ࣬üʵ˻
ǽƾͼƣǵԣǰֵءʱһСһħıҹħӽʱŻڿֵ
аգһħ嶯֣
ģҵıһʧֻСΪΣǵطѰ˶ܽȥġ
Сɻؿ˿ˣ˵Լ֡
ʿ΢΢üԴѽɲǵа֮壬»δӽħ벽ҷ𡣡
ʵǸΣ
ʿ˼˶٣Ż˵һλʱ˴ǰȥ
˻һ˽Եͷ˼
գʱ
͵̧ͷλʿС漴
գʱô


73 
ʱ, ڳΨгϡС㾪ŵؿ, ק첲˵У㲻Ҫȥһ취ģǲǰʿ
ǵʿҡͷδһԡ
УҲȥ, һ취С߬ų䡣
˴, ϶ⲻֻģ, Ǯ, 㣬Ļְǡ֮֮Ҳȥ
Сɫ԰, 겻˵ԻóȥȺħ, ܡ˭ܿ, Ψ㲻ԡôᣬôôһǧ谮һ飬ôԿأ
һۼ, Ϊɽ·ˡԴԺ㰵¶ģҪԶ, һ࣬ҪԶԶá
Ҳȥȥұˣ϶ˣʱա
Сʧǵߣ·һûĿտǡ
סαڻظԴҿ϶û¡˵ıһʧԣڼҵһȻһϽӺòã
ǡ
ΪӦõģο
زȥ۽ǵᣬЦһֱ㱣ңһΡҪǲһΣԺҾͲ㵴ǧˡ
Сؿſڲ֪˵Щʲô
ԴЦ⣬ᶨ࣬һֱˣΪɵ¡Ҫ׾˵£ͺˡ
޵һֱѡΪ˵ǵ
ȻԺ󣬾һգɳСǰֵء
СͷģҲмƣϸĴһʱԱˡ
컨ڴ⣬ϼϼǰõĺͷݸףСׯվһ㶵ؿǣܸоϵıܲԾһҪƽƽػѽ
ﺬᣬ첲ΪǺúͷСǰһǩ˵㣬ΪԵǩ˵ǩԺһҸġһΪͷء
ţ
ӭ׵ĶƺƵǰǴʽ֮أСׯڻԣʱ͵飬СʵҴʯûóԣġ
ҲСׯԾͳ԰ɣߵ۲۰ҪҪϢ
ҲۣҴӣȣ
Ȱɣ㿴㣬󱳶ʪ͸ˡ
ʲôʱܻȥ
֪Ӧûܿġ
𣿡
ڳĬã¡
ҲҪҾǱˣҡ
СׯŻεĴأŸͷĳ㡣֪˿ʲô顣µĻûϵģڳߡ
ֻ̫ˣֻһӡҪ쳤ܹˣңӵˡ
ΪˣҼǿȻں̰棬˽Ӳ飬ϲС棬Ժģúǿ󡣿״ԪҲ佫뿴ɣδׯһġ
СׯŻˣ˵ͻȻһǿϮ죬˻ͷƤ顣Ҷ֦ɳɳ죬ݿӿǡ
̧ӵҡҡλΣվȣСׯŽﺰˣǻȥòã
ǿѽӷ£Ҫ̧ˣҳˤģ
Сׯק̧ӵӴȻЩ˺ͽηȴʧ˻һ㣬ŲҳţŽҡҡλεǰ
ǻؼңҪȥˣǻؼҺòã£
Сׯǿǰˣｫק
ͻȻǿαɢɢܵľͷСׯѹڵ޷̧ͷȥ죬ҶŨ۳һӰѪΧӰ̷˻УһȺѻħط衣
ɫϵķɳʯСׯɳԵ˫ֻۣܰۿҵĺ֯ӰӺﻺ߳վ֦ϣеؿŽǱˣȻ
ԽԽȤˡ
ϲ
˺ͽη򾪿ֵشУɢӴܡϵӰɢĶ飬ʧȺһһ㣬ﾹġ
̫ˣǶ̫ˣָܽǷǡ
̫û˼
ӰۿӴܵˣ˸Ƿһ۽ºߡ󻺻ֻ̧֣ҶϸڿУƴ
еػӶָҶ֮ȻȺܵˣᴩͷ­һţѻħ£ʳ˺ҧʵʬ壬˱ѪҺ
Сׯµˣ˫Ŀʧɫŵû᲻ܿƵܵҪǿѹϵľͷʬ壬ͼקסǰ赹ĳ㣬ɤӺ㡭ǻؼҡ¡
ĵʿ˶סʬ壬һľͷвźò׻˿͵ؿʿдʯأ˵ˣϽҸı죬Ҫ첻ԥ
㾪δڲŵشͳʿħıȻδóǵӰѸٴǰֻһգ۵Ĺסĺ
㣡
Сׯ˫ۣŴӵʿȫıͳźӰ
ǺӰȴһҲϡ棬ЦȤȤҲ뷴ȻȤ
ʿб˸飬Ȼ˿ЧԺӰԣᡣ
Ѿ޲ߣʿӰȫϸװԷƵѪ𣬻ŨĺԼŵɼħﲻһ㡣׼ȷ˵밵аȣҪǿǧ򱶣ʵλݷͬСɣܶԿġ
˿ֻзһˣʿĽȡģѪֻ֣ʿȣȻȻسӰ
ӰϾؿüңʿӽգۣɫȻ
Ȼըʿ屻ըķѣϸɢڵϣһصѪ
ѵһ̻漫˵ǲǰСˡ
ӰһסĲӣһʳָ°ͣüĿȫ
ſҳ㣡
СׯͳϵʯӰײײسȥ
ӰΪʹǵͨ죬ѵشӺؼ֣Сׯ졭ܡ
ͬʱׯͻĽ磬򸮸ϵ˵أһ㿴Ӱų㣬ζԴ
оֹͣׯضźӰ
ŨΧƣѪ߷ɡҷأڼӡ壬ڻ谵ĺ⡣£֮ѹɽӣǿҵѹȸ˺Ѵ
һϸʵܷ֣˵ģ½Զмơ
ԲҲ֪˭
Ӱ㣬Ʋף·һ϶͵ͷ­öδҵôõͷʺװơ
ׯźӰԴһƬհףеĳˮʹϤľһӿͷ·á
Ҫ
ͬʱһ󺰣Խʱգһ
Ȼһжˣ˻ߵغʻصէһӰӹ촦ûͷ­ʬûѻħצС
̵ѪνСׯϣģߡգָ⴦ʪ¶ļ
ǡġѪ
Ҫɱ㣡Ҫɱ㡪
Сׯץϵľͷ˷һ㲻ܲ˵سȥȴµʬݺˤڵϡ
ʱһߵׯͬսźӰǰɱͻȻɢⳡʧһȺѻħӵصֱײرׯ
ׯսֲܿƵزɱħʽҲûأкݾѸмֺݶ
ħѪϣȾȻ޺ŭӿͷҲ˺ޡ
ӵˣΪζȥ
ôˣΪβա
֮䣬ЩԭǸׯĸͷŭУȻӣĵĺˣҲ˵Ļˣÿ˶ƴػţѤƽӹԼɲ
ΪЩħֻƾԼϲŭ׾ǵǿʳôôǽڣΪ˷ԼվʳˣɱӶѰıӽڣ
ɱǣɱǣǻɱ޹ˣַŮкͯοɱĳ㣬Ϊɱǣԣɱǣȫɱ⣡
ׯ˫ͨ죬ǰսָڿ֨졣｣ݺݿɹħһһʽϾɱ
ȥȥҪɱǣǶ
ׯץϻδϵĲȻֽ˺飬һأմѪ
˫Ѫ죬ɱ¾أٻһ㣬ٺһ㣡ϻģõģĳĻˣ˵Ļˣʲôкñƨķƨ˶ˣƽ˹Źءĺˣ˼ǻ㾡Ļˣ
ɱǣȫɱ⣡Ƕ
ҴˣװģǼٵģ̫˶ûʲô³ǿ̫ԲŽӵ˴һһߣӵĶˤڵϲ顣᣿һĲֵ
ׯսһֻޣѪ˫ųѻħ顣
ɱݶ֮䣬Ѫνʬ׺ɡׯһǰĺɱʮ㣬Ա仯ͬýûǧɱħͷ­Ѫ䡣
ȷѪԼ𳤽ĻЦ˵СׯԺѽһҪŵ
ׯۿᣬߵӲܿƵմʪѪ°͵
ԭôģԭΪһˣΪһررشȻ
ˣú
лصĳɱŨңׯɱۣ޾ħƴ˻쳹ʣһֱźĴ磬ȼԹޡ
ʱ֮ѭͷĽ
δӽһȺѻħǡ
ܲҶɽ᰺Կ޼ɵѻħ½ԶִͬܲɱһѪ·޷˵壬ﵣʦ֡
ʦ֣ģ
½ԶУһ·ɱħűŨҵѪգ쳣
ʦ֣
ǰİհ߻ħɱѻħʽء½Զһʱ֮侹Щ㵣δʦ˺һ棬˾˲顣
ʦ֣ôˣ
½ԶųǰסȻׯ־㱣һƿҪɱ㣡Ƕȫ
ܵѻħ޹˼ɵظ£·һ־㻶ͨΪ׵ֻԴУس
½ԶȻתͷһڵֻѻħ⧲ŵû
޵ﱻ½Զ۶ϸ첲Ӱ˿Ȼл֮ȥļµǣˣϣ
ϣ²֪ݹ٣ˡ
һȺѻħһأŻҫ˿̱йƤ򡢱ץ󣬻ؼβԴ
½Զ۶ǣɫһĿ³һ֡

̼䣬ޱ޼ʵѻħһ㣬ʧӰ١
ׯ˫ĿѪ˫Űͣľشűߵʬ壬ﺰţҪɱ㣡ɱ㣡ɱ㡪
½Զ§סӣ˵ʦôˣ㿴ңСŰ

ׯƿ½ԶûзرƵڵء
·ľⱲӵһ㣬ׯһ̲࣬ڵϣڵϣ˫ֳŽ
ɳƣͣСֹɱ㣬ȫɱˣҪɱ㣬ɱ㡭
½ԶȫȻˤ۵ĵطӵŲߣӣеʦ֣СŰƫĵСţҪŵСŰ㿴ңСţ
ׯɫ԰ף˫Ŀеظţ
Сš
·谵ͻȻսһ⣬ԭֻʬϻţʽһҪ¡
ǰεʱ򣬰ոĸİţСѧСѧУжУ˽ϴѧȻ߽ᡣѧУҪõģҪõģΪ˷ɻڴҫ档
ġ
Сѧʱħ򣬸ĸϣеħҪôҪôˣҪôˡ
аϷĸǲϣϷˡ
ѧʲôĸҲܲˣȻͻȻȴʲôˡ
Ϊׯĳûˣݵûˣձȣ˺ΪӡʱǨ֪Ƿ񻹴ڣͳһѿݹǰɡ
ӵˣһһȥΪΣׯĶղס
ԭģҲǹһˡ
ȻȴͻȻеɢĺҹӴ˳ҹ
֮⣬ЦҼᶨ
һŻҽǻҽ¡
˼ָׯͻȻ§סǰˣʧǵرΨһ־ʧˣŵػţСţ
ǣСţڡ
½ԶḧԴѧģذ
ׯͷͷţδһţȷĻڡ
СţСţСţСţСš
ʲôûˣֻ㻹ߡ㣬ҪߡҪ㣬ԣܲΪҴڡ
ߣһֱԶ
½ԶһһԴʦֱ̫оûϵʦܻϲ
оһʪȣ½Զͷһʦ֡ˣʦѹģҪʦԶܿĵЦЦ
ʦЦôÿþȫҲûϵֻҪܿЦ
½ԶظׯԴСһ˵ʦֹûˡСŻؼҺòãСŴؼҡ
ׯͷĬãŻӦš
֮˿ǰ˵Ķˣԭز֪룬˭ȥο䣬Ȼ֪֮䣬˭Ҳ岻ȥ
ͻȻȥɺԣӻ̶һֻӽܲǰץסӡҺãǧ࣬õĻ֡
˼̷أܲǰ½Զǣׯںߡ
ׯǰСǣ꣬ͷ΢
Һã㻹ߡ
ֻҪ㻹ڣұ㲻һˡ
һ·̣һǡһˡ
ǰ˺عͷͷЦׯӦһЦݣȻƣ뵫š
½Զؾˣ·ȼһŻ
ҹ
ůĽ£һ˿һƽ֯ʦֵ֣᲻÷ſ
Զ㣬ԭģ֪ȴҲ㲢С
ߣһֱԶ
½ԶׯתÿϣٶвòʹҲʱҲ֮Ҫߵġ
ץס⣬ͬС


74 ˼ǧ
֮, ȥ, ʯħѪеطǰö׾õ֣Ϊ˴ӦҲˣǸϵ𶴣ֻǰɺԵĺӴزѪ
ߴߴߴԣ, ԳԳԣ֪ԣ
Ѫ籩ĸ, ɸֵظ£óʯħ, צӾͷ
ӴӴ, ˴ˣҴ˻𣿡
ʯħԴǱӴ, ʱ㵽ʯʱԴſڵϡ
Сֹ´λҡ
ƻ, ʯħֿտյطħ硣
, õеһö֣·ѡöֱõ֣һ跨ӡ˵һȫѽӡƾħ֮, ٿػʶ練ơ
˼֮ʣͻȻݻεǽں͵ѿϸ, кӷ϶ɫ䣬ȸŵĴҷɣϳȺʺĿ
˷ֻһ˻
ƿţʿǰϻЦȤʷ죬ѵһһϲȵϲĪʦкϲţ
֣
ػһ䣬̬ȻԵ²ؼģ滹ǰһüëһͷȻֱ̬ȡ
ʧöɫ쳣·ͬСɡ
һֱһĲɵۺӣŽæŰҵϣ˼ǡ
ʿȴΪȻһ֦ڵϴѣЦʲôˮڣܷһΣܷڶΡ
Ϊһô׾ͳɹģ
ͱѵʿף䲻˵һνڵص׵ģ֪ħֻ°һȷѪꡣ
ߺڣ·ʾżٵĻңֺǰǳݶɱ¾
辡չزȫ󷨣ʱ䣬տˡ
ʿ̧ͷۣ֦յǰƤЦкκôⱾǲģҸ㣬㽲ΣҪ£ϯɴᣬ߰ļæء
һ˵һװΪӸֶźҿţû߰˸»
δ漴תȥ¶ѡ
ϣ
ʿԭأ𽥽ʧıӰ䵭Цߺҫۣ޺Ѫ˼˱ۡʿתȥ²̤ŵѡ
ǰѺͰ档
ɽڣʯϰ׹˸վڶȥδһԡ
ʿ׵Ӱ˼ģЦ˿ǵ˺ס
ҿû˵Цһöʧ֣¸
ʿ׺Ц·гתָ
֪ͬģΨպ֮ܲȫ𡣡
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ͣ½Ųü
գն֮ʣպĺĻһ۵ǿ⣬߲״ɳ̡Э𣬹֮⡯ÿһΣǡһꡣܲɵ⣬ɴһöֻ֣һΡ
鲻飬ɲţôôа
ʿָĦָǴЦƺ泩˵ʦֵĻ飬˵û졣
ֶŽɵؿʦкҲ֪Ȼ㶼ô˵Ҽǰպ
˵ȻȻ䵽ʯħϣ˵߶͡ʯħĸԹԣ˵ȥպˣ˿Ҳƨƨߵذӡ
ѪץʯħպȥձգֻҪںߵȵնռ֮⡣
ʱһߣϣׯϴͻȻľ֨ѽһ˴򿪡
ѭȥ½Զڴߣʵʦ֣Թ໹ϹࣿҪҪѼ
ׯϲ˯С£ﲻȤװһ˼ǵӣ°˵šҺú롣
Ϲ΢𣬻ǹɡյѼ࣬ǲˡҾǵС񲻴ջҪ
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£īɢиĵʤѩһ
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ׯԼЦǰһǽվǰգЦôΪС£
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75 ħ
ʯħδ˳õ֮, Թſڵʯ, ץʱ쳤ʲô
ѾǵڶûʯħЩɥӣԴ, °Ͱ̾
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ʱԹ, Ի͹Ӱ
ɽǳʯһӰ𽥳֣δʿ׿, ȲʵΣкζԲߣ
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аգ
Щ֡
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ǰȼգƾ΢Ĺ, ׯԼǰյʯţԿĳصķ, Ѱõ󷨡ׯüͷ΢͹ķ, ², ӦϹŽþʧ, ΪλƽС
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ƴȫԿħƾһ֮ɷӡӡֻû뵽ֻһѡ
һͨնԣһǧȻڲϲħ˵ָһӼ䡣뵱ǱһϢɹӡմմϲΪ´Ӵ̫ƽƴһ˵ֻ˯һѡǳ֪㳣֣Ȥ
ڣ
ϣδ޲
ûƾʶҲȥ硣
΢΢̧ۿ룬ֹ
Ŀӣʵ£
˼ʵλϲ֪Ӧԣ
λ漴һĨµЦʯͷͷѷ죬ЦǸӣǣ˵δ
ģڴѽ
ͷ˵ϵħԪλϵѪ֮ϵа֮»ᾡ޲ٹλϻعħ硣ʱħ˹λӡ壬ϱܰѽӡٰһͳħ硣
벢δ˵ʲôֻ˫۴°ЦСһȢӣ
ͻȻһЦͰͷһġһֻ븴ϣûûû⡪

뿪Ц⣬ؽΪ֮һ
ڣׯ˽ܴ峤ŵۼǰɽ£ʧɽͷ
ɽׯֿտĵһʯҳѻ̦ϸСѷ죬Ψûд峤˵ʯ
ɽҰչȴ죬˼Ѱ˰Ҳһ˿һۼǱ˹ȥѰʮҲûнȻ峤ȴ˵ղδ˴УҲûɽĺۼ˵ۼɽ
Ѱδ㰴ԭ·ɽ;УͻȻһС

ʦôˣ
ܲϴŸ첲ƨһܣߣӣ󺰵ҳëˣ

˽ۿɫ·ڿɵӡ
ܲ쳤첲յҶǰ˵㿴ë˭ôë𣿡
ĸ첲ëۿɼٶѸٷ賤һһͷôŨïʢش䣬첲һƬïɭ֡
ܲקסëͻȻëȻ䣬ѹӢһɢ첲еë׷·ʩһ㣬Ѹٷ賤˿ʼ˼һ߳һߵ
Ҷ辪㵵ؿʦ֣㲻ᡭǺӾɣ
͵Цܲץżģмֺӳɾ˼ׯסſס쳣ëɽ塣
һߣʿ׼ɢķĺ󣬱Ҵ밵һᡣǰҹ֪ʹ֮öַȫӡаΪӣʹ֮ںϷɡ
ѸʯħͣѰа飬ʧ
ʯħظ֤ʧ֣Ժ͵Ǻ«ץסҲ͵ˣ
ʱȣѪץʯħ𼱻ǵظɽѰа顣ǶûֶҲ²ʲôôңʯħԴ·ѣΪǺ«οǧܳ
һգԲ֮ҹ峤ׯÿԲ֮ҹɽЩޱֻᷢҲˡҹҪСĽԷ޳ûˡ
ׯʱ춯㷵شլ⣬ΪһׯڴլĽǻϷſֹ֡
̧ͷһԲ£ׯ˼ǧԣǧﹲ濾ꡣԲ֮ҹ뵽Բ֮ա
ׯԾݶϣŲ֪ѰĶ˼شࡣ
½ԶΪףδú֮䡣ǲ룬ǲҡһ뵽ǰ֣һ뵽󼴽ĲأͻȻЩ¡ҲԼպҪʱǷһ˽ѡˣ
֮£¶Ů鳤ҲˡǴδԹ֪ӦԡǴδ˴ΣһԲ
ȻһʼһʼѾ˲ֲģǡ
СţָԣλӦһ飬ʲôӦ
ǧ˼вƣׯжοЦһʼѾλӦ޷ֲɣֺαҪģԼҲԶˡ
ɫׯͷ½ԶͬһƬҹ£½ԶϣľӲݶϵׯ
ؾˬʣŷѩɫ¶һ⣬忡¹ϻһ̲ȪˮͷֻoٷɼƮ졣
½Զóóԡ
Ȼʦֲʲôÿġ
̫ϲˡ
žԲ£ͬһƬҹ£ߵ˸˼ʱͬ˼
ܲͥԺУŸ첲ϳï}˵ĺëôҲżһ޼ϡ
첲ϵĺëܲظҡڵ߻ԷͻȻϤĺ·ٻǰ
ܲ۷죬ӵļͷҲصǰմʯš
ƾ΢Ļ⣬ܲվڻ谵ǰһӰͻȻһ˫۶ܲء
ʲôܲؿ
ֿٺٵЦһĻģ
ֻס
ʲôף
㲻һֱֻҪⳡףܱѩޡҸԺ˭㡣
û뱨𡣡
ܺްɣȻޣǱҲԹĵζ㲻һ˺ޣңԼ˾ٰüȴһ˿ֵáҵģֻҪҽ֪˺ζȻζԵǱҵͯ꣬ζԵ㱻۸ӣζԵܹĿࣿ㲻ʵһֱôİɣȻǲҵĺ
ƨǿûŹһۡ
˾û˼ˡ㻹֪οİɣͲϣĴڡ룬Լ䰮ˣĳ֣˵жд̡
ΪһλϸüΪĥ㡣̫ˣع𣿹Ĺۿһ𣿶ûУ룬˭˭ۿ˭Ǻ޹ϵˣȴԼ׶أ׶ӣδģ˵Ͳ㵱ӿЩֻ㲻ϰˡ˵ĶԲԣ
ܲδһԡ
ΪķӣΪԼùĳˣһжɵģɡ׷ϵȻ㡣ϲˣ˿ȴͷҲص㳤һζûлȥΪľ飬ŷģŻʹ಻ͯꡣ
ЩɵģʼٸߣסȻȴ˵СųֻԼһ˼ƽȴȻңڵӵ̸ЦԼ޹ϵݸТ
ǿš
ԣҪҽ𣿡
Ҹ͵һйɣԹޣĲܵĿѣȫ鷢йһ˽𷣣һܺʹࡣԼңˣҲؿɫ
װɡ
ܲ٣񾭽¶ڲһһâϡö֮صЦŭͷ
ǷӣǸĺɵӡһҶǹ
ӡɵӡĺ
ɵϲʺˣϽҳԣ
ӡɵӡĺ

ʱ꣬Щ˹ߵĸҥȻڶʱӰһŴסιɣװ⣬Զ㲻ҹλʱڶ߻졣
ܲۿͨ죬ǰ𣬽ҧءĬ֮󣬲ŻָָѪҺǰʯüġ
Ȼ䣬ǿէ֣ҡΡǰʯһζѿϸ졣һ£ʯըѣһֻ쳤ХԾ
ܲǰڣѪ˿Ŀ޻ϣƴ
׷׸ʯŴ򿪣峤ŵسңǱƣڿտҲɫش󺰵˻ˣҪˣ
֮䣬ʱɽϣʯħѪ󷨣а鴥
Ȼаɳɽʱһ׵羶ֱȼաа鲻ܿƣĴɢ˻С
ʯħ״æָѪץа顣Ȼаǿ˿ΪɽҰ𣬳աɽ򰵾Ʋɵ


77 ں
ҹ, , һɪɱׯ䣬޻Ǳķӡצ̤쳤Х
峤ڴͷվڴĻ硣ǰľΧߣдʡǰӽ, ľű߻ҡ壬ﳯһŴ
类, űߵ󷨷۵⡣ֻΪٴγɹӡ
ͻȻ, һ߿ǰ, 쳤ӳŭö֮߳󷨣ƻ起ǰķݡ
ʼҲ֪, ô£͵õͬİ취ûв, Ϊвͨ
峤ǰ, ϵǰȻЩ㵺ţһģ϶峤ûŪ, ΪʲôΪʲôûðô¡
˾ʧʱׯ˼ʱϵն, Ӱ磬ֱ磬ɳۣѸ缲ȻܣѸٻٴιӯһ밲
ׯŻȵĲɻ׶㿪ָʽϤĽȻ֪˸޼˭
Ⱦ¡ɽ᰼״ϣħ죬밲˫岢СȻȴȻأʽʽܰȻ㡣
ׯ״ڻű߻󷨡׹էΧΪܽշˣȻͷ˿󷨣ͷŭһ̧Ųϣʱݡ
ʦûˣϽ취һڴľսׯ
õֻһ̽ѡׯŻ磬Ŀ䣬ࡣ
ǲɵĶ󷨣ƴΨвӡ
ôǡ
Ƕǰ׷
δׯع񣬶ȴϤ
̧ͷͷֻһĿվڻԴϣѪ˿絶ɷһ㸩ӽŵˡ
ʦ֡
Ҷ迴󺰣Ϊ㣿ôˣҪǣ
֮ϣܲǻˣɱ֮졣
ͬʱɽϣʯħѪ׷а飬޲̻Ȼаŭţ׷Ѫóһ˺ҧʳʯħա
⣬ѪʯħаĶ֣һ֮£˺ۣаɷ򰵾
ʯħѪվ󣬲
ɵˣָˡ
ʯħؿѪ𣬴ͷɥ
Ѫץɻħ磬ߴߴ
ߴߴߴߴ군ˣ
ץаļƻʧܣʿͣǰѰҹѯӦ֮
аײаǿѵİ취·ֻܻͨ·£а鲻µģΨ֮ۡ
ҵаĽʣں֮֮辡ҵ֮ۡ
ʿ׽˷֪ʯħӵ󼴿̶ǰѰ֮ۡ
УҶ迴Դܲ󺰣ͼ
ʦѣ谡һģ㲻Ҫɵ£
ʲôһòãһκòã
ܲʶң˿δᡣžʧЦڵӣ𣿿־Թ𣿹ʲôиµ볢𣿡
ס֣ĹǣǺĹң˼ƽϵʱǾΪΪؼ̤ˣʲôѰ֮Ժ󣬶һ˶ԴʱȴڿҪҪѰÿЦ𣿿⸱ˣȫ⣬һʣҲŸˣ
ܲҰްѹԹ벻ȫһԵطйһйڣ̵ĺˮҲܿƵطͱ
Щˣ˽ԼҸ˵ʹ֮ϡӦˣްɣɣ֮ʣϵӣȻȥɣ
ܲվڻͷײеشݻٷݣһץϵĴſѪڳȥҧͷ­ѪνϣѪࡣ
ԴһƬհף̺ĴӴ˻ߵغУڱϲܲ˵ؿ񱼡
һŲô壬ҧǵĸ첲ȣضСׯ赲ȻܲϤǵĽʽ֮Դ䣬϶Կׯˡ
ŭգׯִȽ棬ֽܲɽᰵɱ⽣ӰУػʯɣ峤ա
ץܵĴׯ״Ѹٷǰ䣬»ĸ첲ʹģܲͬʱͷ˻ׯۼֿ죬ϣհ׼飬к۾Ѫķ
ܲ۾ҡҡλΣܲŭׯֽɱׯƴ߶תң
쳤Хܲȥ
ʣׯ鿴˵˷˻ˡ
һߣʯħѪصظ塣Ψһ۹Ļᣬٴʧ֣ԺǺ«Եˡ
ʯħ̾Ѫڳ򣬳Զɽͷƶ
ۿҪɽУѪϷУͻȻײʲôৡһǰʲôûаѵһ͸Ĳǽ
ʯħѪˢˢڵϣδֻűӰáţǧʸХ꼱١ʯħѪֻӴܣȻ·ˣǴ˿ɰӡ
ҪҪˣҪɸˣ
ʯħԴĴܣѪסԴʸɼ֮󣬴ʯ䣬׷ʯħɽͷ
լڣׯΪ˰˿ڣ峤˵Ĵҡͷ̾Ϣʮ˶ٸԲ֮ҹδһ˲ءǻ㲻ܻġ
峤ȼһ򣬴Ļ󻺻Ųľα£ſ˵ǰÿԲ֮ҹʯĻếС
ׯ̧ͷ峤ͣĶ׷߹£
ֻǰһʯ񣬱Ǳ޷ɣֻԲ֮ҹŭšǰҲĹƻ󣬹ϴȥƳ󷨡ȻЩֻͨϰգûʲôָԭβ̣ķҲܽշһΣʦǿҲƼˣ޲ߡ
峤˶٣˵뽻׵ͬһ壬緽첲ˣ߶ۡ
ǰæ廰ԶԶԣҷſǸå۵۽Уǻã
峤Դǰ㬵زӣߡ
ׯ˼ĬƬ̺˵ͻ֮
̧ͷɻؿ
Ȼ벻ͬһ壬ǿԴһ֣ȲֻҪж˵ϵܹƻ֮Ӧָ
峤Ӧ˵ô˵ɸж֮ϵ
ׯ˶٣ҡͷĿǰ֪̫٣ܻ֪ġ
ظһɿȻô˵ˣӦаյġ
լһ飬Ժ󣬴峤ǰصԵԷׯݶϷ£ݣȴ½ԶվȽ俴Լ
Сţվʲô
ׯǰ½Զ״ӽվӱһֻ֣ݸһƿСҼʦָ첲࣬Ƶ˵ҩҴӴ峤õġ
ׯӹƿͷЦС𣿡
½Զҡͷ۾һֱŲ
ׯЩ֪룬ƿۣѰڱ뿪
ʱˣЩ˯ɡ
˵գתȥͻȻקסͷһ½ԶקסӲߡ
𣿡
ׯعʵ
½Զҡͷһԡ
˶ãɫڵӳŵӰ롣ֻһ֮ңֿɵãֻҪֱץԷȻһȴűɽǧ޴
Ҫһ˴ƴ˿̵Ľ֣װȺ۹ϲҲۼ
½ԶקׯӣЦһϵĻϲŵ̻ݼţ̻ȼʧյʦ֡
ţ
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¹ӰԶ½ԶʧıӰͻȻһɬ
ʦַԴ𣿵ΪΡ
ʦ֡
һҹ䣬ڴϸ¡
ѾǺҹҹ¼žͻȻլһɧű˼ٵôԼָŵ졣
ׯѸٸϵãȴΧǽһȺĿ˰ǽͼǽ롣űҵسײľмɽ˨ѿ϶˸УϮ
Ƭ֮󣬴űȺ˴ֱײׯһȴ˻ëʢ˫˫ѱצģмơ
ʦô£ΪǱ˻磿
Ҷվׯ󣬿ųЩš
ׯϸ쳣֮Ӧȫޣ֮ˣǴμɡ
Ҷ׵ͷδʣͼѨλǻ˯ɡȻл֮Ѱϰգ׺ݲбһ߶ӣ̵
ׯ֮Ȼ˷ܿƣͽֱ˺ʬ壬̧Žȳһ޾ͷǵׯϣհϲѨλſ쳯ׯ
ׯ״Ѹٲһվϣ´ϥǡ漴ڵϣ𶯣ҳرʯɡ
ׯغ󣬽һȺΧӵ˰Χͼץס
ɹ֮УͻȻһֻ첲һӣ峤һҲƽס˽Աסض㣬ӵͻȻһյ͵ƴͷ£Դϣ˶ʱһֻйƤԴŭš
ׯ˿峤ɻǰˡ
峤ǰĲһĵط£˵ʦù˵İ취Ը˾޲ˣ
ׯ漴ߵ£Ц峤Ǻƣ
峤ЦһűƻƵˣ
ɽͷϣʯħѪѾǧ࣬ڣڣͻ˻ҵ塣
ȻˣǣħһùĶǿӣ
ʯħѪȻδӣ븺ܵĻһˡ
ܲվڻͷʯħŭǺöɱ
ٺٺ٣˭ˣۼһ˵ҲǺöʲôĸǺ«
ʯħȻӴȻڻǰֱǴ׼Сף̩ɽֻͷָط
ܲδᣬȫȻӣɱ
̧Ųʯħ֮Ķضɽҡ
լڣ峤ʯϣűסˣǰҲ£ְֲաϹޣҧ˵ˣаԻᱻ֮Ӱ죬ܵƣˡ
峤Ц˭ûЩϣ˭ûм˽ǵõˣҲ벻ϲĪҪ˵Щӡ̰գҪռһЩҲһˡ
ׯЦ峤ǿÿ
ϷͣʲôġʦΪӦϷҪɣϷҪöࡣ˵Ϸ˵ĶԲԣ䣬˭ûмִأ˭ûأźҲãҲգܹô˵ġϧһ̫Сݣһգ۾͹ȥˣȵ֮ʣҪֲҪͷһִӰȲ𰡡
£峤ԹԸ̾·ܽԼʲݵһֻһ΢ġȲ𡱡
˵ģ⡣ׯĬãζӳ¡
Ƭ̺󣬼լڵ˻˯ûзļׯǽű߻󷨣뿪լǰɽѰһ硣
ߺ󣬴峤ͷŻˣٿԼ첲˯ǰͷЦЦֵ䣬¶һӡѪ̣˿ڴëѾСĴָǰ㳤
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ܲʯǰܲʯ£ʯ档
ʯҲȫȫָ֮
翴ܲ
ܲӣ𺣬ʵΪΣ
ҵʯǣƣ޷ȫֻ㶯֡õǿݻʯҲȫɣǵĽײɡ
ܲµʯĬƬ̣漴Ӧðɡ
˵գܲң¡ͻȻƵҹգӰֱңʽ
ʦ㲻Ҫˣ
Ҷܲǰ
ʦǻȥʦһа취ҽģ㲻Ҫٴȥˣ
ܲͻȻӽ׺ݣƺâڱ٣ϵѪ˿̰࣬ʳѪҺ
̬ǿЦ
ܲŭĿӣң漴ׯɱ
һȣӰͷף⶷䣬ưٻҡɱӿܲʽݾһׯ㣬ǰңĽ档½ԶֽǰϮܲܣңӯ½Զ
ׯ״ɽ᰷ڻűߣݣĦ𻨡˺ӡ磬ħ˫潻ֻһ󷨣ۿ缴ӡ
ͻȻʯ쾪ңâɱֱʯʯʱķѣʯĽ
쳤Хض㣬µ̼䱻٣ɽӵˡſѪ̴ڳ˱ȥ½Զܲ緢ŭ
ܲ״վڻͷۿҪҧϣ½ԶֽϣӲӲͻȻ첲קסׯһץסƿҧס첲Ѫ졣
½Զˤڵϣׯҧˣʧش󺰣ʦ֡
ׯüͷٴ׺ݲ۾һ顣
ͷܿƵسײſҧ̧ڵϺݺݲһ
氼ݣҡҡλΣվȽš˻ŭţ̧ҲȣҶҡҡ׹׹ˤڵأۿƾҪԼлңܡ
ׯͷһ𣬴˿ѾǺã
ͻȻͣڰУҶ˫ۣȫûж˫ۣȴܲң½ƣµĵѾݣֱ
ʦ֡
Ҷ̽ԵСץס
ջؽţܲѸһԾڻͷ˫ӰУɽ¡
ׯҶѯƣܲȥķ򣬵Բδȫ辡ҵ֮˵ز˾Ͻش塣
ţ
ׯɽɽͻȻ鵽űߵİ׹⣬ϸʦ֡
ׯɽ᰸һʾϵĶ
ׯ漴߹Ϸʯ飬ǷűʯԿصķģʯмơ
ҿһȥϸо
ׯзĵʯ龡պôߣ˽󣬸ϻ塣
Ȼһɽ㿴ߺ棬ࡣ峤û޺˺ѷΡ
˼Ƽӿ첽ϻشׯ㷲ǰͻȻֱʹ
һűҧ˵ĵطѪ̣ӡȻ˿ڴĺëѾСĴָǰ㳤


78 ĪʧĪ
ׯ˴æ, ȴط档ȼׯ, ¾һƬס޼ɵצݻٷݣץסܵĴ
أɽص˶һУͷ, Ŀֻȴǡ
峤
Ҷָֻ˾ŵ, Ǵ峤ôҲ⸱ģ
ׯüͷ, 򷢿нհݵѹһƬ, ӴܵĴʣ޼Ŀ֮ûл˵Ӱ˴ض, ͷŭţɽͷ֮𵴡
, ˵ϥǺͺ, ²ȣĹڵϣ𶯣ʯĽ
ׯôʱѰ, ·ֻˮףæǰҿӡֻǰˮ, ͷϹһյ͵ƣɪɪﲻֹͣӷӣңҡ
ׯ󱳰ûˣǻˣ񡣡
ǰڣظعǰׯͻȻ֣޵ʦǿˣҲͱˣ
ׯԴȺˣҪӽ㻹𣿡
ǰˮóһյ͵ƣ˵Ұǡ
ׯӦջذ˼Ƭ̣иӣ
ƻׯϣֱˣ۶ĿȺѭׯĿдץסȻӯһɶǵĴơ
Ⱥ˶ׯУƺǱŭһ㣬˫ץΧӵͼץסׯ
ŻһԵǰˣϤΧѸ˵ĽűΧƣס
ׯ״߶ϵ͵ƣֽסͷ͵ƹһֻĶϡ
谵ǰҡҷ֮˫ڵϻ˯
ׯأջذѱշ˻ϡ·߲ݴˮŵĻˣûжСǻصլ
˴˿һֱֻزʬͷ
Ⱥ˱ǰͥԺеĿյϣ˽˨ãľסׯľ˨ϻϷֻҪܲԸһˣ󷨻õġ
ׯӻͳʯϣǰǰЩɻףЩźʯһ
ľϣʯ΢İ׹⡣
ʱһߣ˵Ļܲ˵۾٣ָܲϣɸƣѪս̡
أܲ˵ˡ
֦ܲĵ޹ġ
޹
һпɻ£Ҷ׷ɣ𶯡
˭޹ģ˭޹Ǵɣ󺦵ԼֻҪסϣֻ˺ˣͱ˺ˡ޹ʲô˾Ͳ޹
̧ܲۿδһԣϵĶ
۴һĨЦһӣֻǰһ
ϸú롣
̧ܲͷȴǰеˣͷһ˫󣬽ҧأϵѪ˿̰
У֯ǰ˸߲ҵذŪߡδ˸˵ӣЦǰļδЦ״δЦֻ
ͻȻűƿһλӾֱ߽ҲûһۣأԻط
ȴ⣬æ֯ǰվ˫ǰΧȹĦ£ЦӯӯǰʵˣҸ˷Ҫ𣿳ԵĻҸһ£ܿͺõģҪǵȲҸʢһźõģҸ
顪
δ˵꣬źˤϡ׹棬Щδ˵Ĺġ
üʼ磬˵ֱȥ˳ʢһź⣬𣬽ķһ顣
æһ󣬽Ⱥõķ˷ʳϣŵض˵ſڣţ˵ȺˣҸ⣬ǵó԰˻Իӵġ
δȻ˵꣬ź˵˲ԣ𣿡
ЩίСֹû˵ԡ
˺ˣԾͲԣҷŻȥٸҡ
ƺܻᰲοԼһɨŵľɥЦݡ
һ鲻ԸһǨ͵Ӳ֪˶á
ͻȻգ׳ʲôŻ£ʡ˺üղŽͰ͵ü׵ֿǮҴͷĴһơ
ȥʱüͷʱȴüɫ裬Ųӯӿ첽ĵƿ˵ķţߵǰץ֣˷ܵغҪˣ
˫ĿŵؿףȴǾϲǴ㵣־塣
͵ƿףץϵĽ뿪Էһ߾ա
иСϵЦݸˣܲЩƺҸŮЩİ
̥ʮ£ʮֲʣȻȴδԺԴ۾ɷ򱾷ְοչǻͲη޹ϵӣֻһˡ
֮գڴϻʪ͸ɫ԰ף۵ȥק˼󶴡һԵĲһֱڹѪˮһһ衣
תͷ⣬ﰵǲǵ⣬᲻һ˿˿᲻ҲڲкŮ뵽񻹴ûʹϲкϲŮˣҲü
վڴߣӦǣн֣ƺڵȴʲôϢ
ͻȻ׹һӦ΢΢˫۷Ź⣬ƺȼϣץϵĽȥһߣҲûл
ױŸճСкڴϣ˫񣬶ǰδɵĺյķѪζ
𣿻ûϲкŮء
ܲۿͨ죬ǰ˫ȭָڷףǻŭȼաʱľǰ߹Ĵĥķ硣һжɵģǸˣҲ裬Ҳᱻ賰ЦͲкһСɵġ
ԡҪҪ˺ζվڶ壬˾䣬䣡
ܲ¶ļϲѪ˿ͣһѪ档ɫڣͷԹŭռݣʳʣǡ
ؿ˿̵ģбÿƣȫƣԼҲǿ
Ϊһн֮ʱͻȻѵһңʱڵϡܲĿתضǰᡣ
ɻѭ߿
ȴͦŶڴϣܣɫ԰ʹ಻վ⣬һҩԥԥǰͻȻųţסŽݸ˵Ǵ߲ҩ޺ɰʹ
Žӹ룬æƿ߽ȥ
վڴ£ãһŶ룬ػҾͳһƿݸŵӣǽ𵤣ÿһպ˱Ȭ߻ͷչˡ
ʦˣֻҪСһڣ÷˶۸
ӽӹƿٴιҾԶӦǣڵȴ׹է֣Ѹȥ
ܲͻȻйһڵϡ
ʲôҪ˾óһ㣬ʲô
ӦԹһˣŭˡ
ܲĬãûлشֻǿЦΪҪ˺ѵҲԹޣ
һͣĬ¾ӿͷμ佻֯ôӺ˵
լڣׯʯϵķãмɵĶЩơɽֻ׹ۣȼҫʯڻзգЩ˸
ͻȻһ׹ǰģĳ
ϢרעضŻ
Уֵһţ̴Žգ·϶ҶʯĴӣûһŵĵطŽµʬٳ£̫ƽεĹѸ߽⣬¶港õĳ̦ש顣
ҵĻʹ峤ʱ̫ܹܣ漴ܵŴͳƣ򿪳šѾƲɵֱʹɱķ
峤ûңߵۼ๬˴Ӳӳһ·ɽͷ˺
ͻȻԲ֮ҹҰ޺С˯Ĵغ꼸˯ȥΨСۼӴ򿪷ţĺСҲ£ƺǱָѭһ·ǰУϺɽ¡
ۼһǰߵʯǰɫʯϡǰʯĬãͻȻ֣ҧָѪҺʯüġ
Ȼ䣬ʯѣһֻԾſѪڣۼһ̳ԣֻһֻʯǰ
һ󣬼ϣ繥ׯҧˡ峤ǰͼ彫ȴûãΣ֮£峤ǰһϷӣʯڵϻһǱ󣬻ԶԸޡ
˻ҵڵʯң峤һֻ룬ץʯڵϣͻȻָȱڣһӣѪʯҺͳһš峤δ⣬ʯڵϡ
Ǳѻãǰдʣֻ󷨱ãʯӡС
ϹޣǰħЧħսӡںɽϳһɽͷʯȻٻǰɽס
̧ܲͷ磬Ȼʱǰ޻磬Ȼǵۼ
ѾռʹҲ֪꣬ۡȻҳ󣬾һΣһظΣμĸɱͷ­ˮߡμǴ峤ΪѾĳţμӵӡ˲°ٱ飬ոһա
Ȼһ죬ʹɽǰҿ˵յΣԭһжģǲΡĸɱģ峤ģɥҲģΪۼģҵĹҴӴ˸Ҳġ
С͸ҸߣΪôĹңΪҪҸͶѾһף䣡
ԣҺףҰɣҸҵ̫ˣռ䱻Ƿӡ㣬Ҳͬ棬Ϊˣָտɴ
ܲЦһСҰĲС
ʧͣڻʯһ˲ǰͷʵʲô˼ûô
˲һԣΨׯʯ˼ŵĻ󲢲ȫȻãٸһǳҪ
ׯ̧ͷͥԺбסĴ峤˼߹ȥͻȻ첲ϵ˿ʹġ
ׯŸ첲üͷɫ԰ס½Զ״æ߹סʦôˣǲﲻ
Ÿ첲½Զֱ̧ߣӣѪգëïܣĿġ
ʦ֣ĸ첲
½Զɫţ·ͣͣסׯĸ첲֪롣
ǰչ첲ϵ״ã㱻ҧˣܿҪˣ
ׯ٣ǰ죬ϸϸҲڲƳ֮
ǰҡͷҲ֪峤֪ǸˣҲ֪ô죿
˿ڴ׶Ĵ̹ǵۣ·һѼ⵶ͷׯһжûӰ죿
ǰץĸ첲ϸ鿴ƣΪЩţŵܿģŲ˶á˷˶죬ǿ죬Ӱ죬ңΪֻ¡ֻΣ̶Ȳڻ硣
ǰÿˣ˿ׯԴһƬհסׯҧأĬƬ̣ҰǱСʯźǱѱƣ޲֮Чڡɽᰣ޲󷨡裬㿴ˡǰ㾡ҵô峤ָİ취ӡֻԡСš
ׯǲĵؿһһٵһ
½ԶкᣬץסׯӣҡͷʦȥҾȥģ
ţʦ㿴ˡ
ҲҪ
ׯס첲ء
ɽ᰽Ǳ޲ϣǰȡһׯ˫ְסϵᡣ½ԶׯֹۣʦʦҲòˡֻС㣬ٰ㣬ʦֻ۵ġ
ʯڣׯǱУµٴνһ飬뿪ɽᰵ½ȥ֮Ψ½Զվǰٳٲߡ
ׯ̧ͷôߣϽߣ
½Զ涣˫߬½ǣǿҲߣ
Ҳ㣬СȥҺòãڻüϽȥʦ㣬߰ɡ
½ԶͻȻޣߵӣ͵رסׯǰܲ˵ؿ޺ҲߣⱲעҪʦߵģһͬһ˦ҵģҪҡֻʦˣҪңҪһˡԶ㣬ȥҺòãҹԹ͵ģҲ͵ˣҲñ۸ģҪߣģģֻߡ
½Զ޵ʣſͷͣسׯܵͷʪȹ̣˲ܿƵطƺⱲĿ־벻òץϣůԾôʧҪʧĻô뽫ϰɡ
ׯƫͷ½Զ˫ֱ޷ĳ嶯ȴǿҡ뱧ס밲οΪᡣ
˿ڵʹδˣƺׯմ峤Ļڶߣһһ䡣
˭ûЩϣ˭ûм˽
䣬˭ûмִأ˭ûأźҲãҲգܹô˵ġ

ô˽ôҲ˽ô˽ʲôִʲôʲôźԣףҪʲô
ǧ˼ͷׯֻԴһƬңԼĳģԼҪʲôبǰ࣬Ϊʲô
˿ڴʹȫëʼ賤аڻڣµҴܣ໥ų⣬ׯɫ԰ףÿһʹ̡
½Զҧأ죬ҧÿ죬ǰ˫۳ѪҲŽһţ̧첲ߣӣݵߣ˵ʦ۵ĻҧҰɣҲۡ
ׯĴ̹ǵ۷·ϸָ׷۵񾭶Ҫϡ
½Զ첲˵źܵģҲʦܡ
һʹǧϮׯرպҧ½Զĸ첲̼Ѫ¡
½Զͬ۵۷ڣ䱻һγۣγۣȻǲ֮ʹʹٱѰ˱ϸһ£ԣ
ձܲ׿ϸ첲ۣۣ۵Һãʦˡ
ձ𣿸ۣ۵÷ǣҺãʦֲۣסʦ֡
ֻҪʦְȻôνġ
½ԶüͷŤۿׯ֪Լ˿ںܿϣһ˿룬Ҫӡһֱھͺˡ
ʹ˳ȥׯɿڡ½Զظ첲ļؿ˿ڴۿɼٶϣӡ·棬ǿȥģûʧ
½Զϲ˿ڣ·İı§ׯĲſͷأԻϲ
ϣʦֵĺۼֻʦֵġ


79 ֲ
, ¹ӷ϶ڵ, űߵ΢⡣ʹ糱ˮһһϮҹδߣׯɫ԰ף֫ҲЩʹ
½Զׯϣ§, ׯǰɢҵ鷢Ĩϵĺ, ۣʵʦֻ𣿡
ׯЦҡͷ, ɳ, Ӧˣ۲ۣһû˯ŵס𣿡
½Զ§, ſڼͷСص, ʦһ˯
˵, ܾЩ֣½Զֱӣׯ֣ؽ͵ҵ˼, ʦֺˣҺʦֻȥһ˯ǲǣ˵, ʦ˯Ҿ˯
ׯһؽͣͲԼƽȥ¾ȤЦ
ʦϻҸɿɣӦûˡ
½Զ⿪ӣĸ첲С˿ذһѹסׯڵĻ֮
ɫףպƽɢͻȻһХʣͬµĵ涼ʼ𶯣ǽϵʯ䡣
½˶һۣѸ뿪Ǳ
ڣŭ𣬴ض㣬󲽲Ѿ˷ķݡׯѽĴ񰲶ڵµڣջͻϮδ
ׯϵֻɽҶˣԼһȺ˻սѣɽʯ䡣ٿȺ˵ʶڵլӿȥ
ɽЯϣ˵ĸ첲ȣȻܻӰ죬Ⱥ˵ȴͭǽڣգ˲˷ֺ
Ҷ漴ɽԣǰլȺȴһ㣬ֱײܲ˵رլ
վ쳤ХһȺƺǵõָһ㣬ӿŲլ涼ڲʯĽ
ɽսħת򣬾ֱ硣ƵЯƾ㶯֮ƣѸϡȻһɱңħĹƣܲӻͷ£˫ȻԻ
ɽһңĹܲһЦѸٱ任ʽң䵽У裬׹ֱۡܲɽᰵš
ʦСġ
Ҷ״ֽǰǽب֮䣬ңϮȻܲӽֱϣٴδɽᰡҶ漴һƿɽᰣңֱͷѪ죬йᴩ
ܲŻü۴Ц˿̼ҶȾѪЦҲЦüͷѪ˿ϴܺƮﾡɻͲ֪룬·γѣ֪¡
ҶżһºܿͱѪʪܲãȻؿ֣ƣ衭
ͷɽᰵŭţץܲȺˡ
ׯԺ󣬲鿴˿ƣ漴ǰʵǰ峤ɷҵ
ǰӻͳһƵ鼮˵һڷҵˣʦ㿴ǲ
ׯҴɨۣ˵㰴ɣֻһȱɡ
ǰɴ۾ͷʵʲô
լڣһȺΧڴ⡣ǰׯѾڻ󷨣Ⱥ˽ȥֻ棬ͼ忪ľš
˽ԱſڡܲϷ£ţŷԼŰ׹⡣Ƴ󷨣ľŴ󿪡
翪բĺˮһѷӿլڡͥԺһˣΨǰ֪ðľ裬ǽűȥ·ʯҡЩʯȴźɫѪա
ǰһֻȥ̱㻭󷨣Ӻ󣬳ׯȻһƱʾ󹦸ɡ
Ļһƻ£ͽɨܡש߷ɽжϣһ̤һֻŲͥԺյءֻǱէ֣ϵķűƶһŴסĽš
ҡΣֱܿƵزܲ״סԣʵôˣ
˵ձ㿴µ󷨣ʵʲôôƣ
·ĻҡͷŭţϿʼʯ˫Žʯ޷
ܲ漴Ż룬µǱѸٻ۳һ֣Ƕڡ
ߣׯǰչ˴һ׷硣
Ⱥ˵ز彥ָԭ״ǰӺѸңȴ峤Ѿָصá
峤ˣôҲˣŶˣ˸ʦҲˣҪǳˣҪ군
峤ֱͥԺлָˣʵҵƽ֮ģ
ǰָָϵ󷨣̧峤ĸ첲˵ʦңѪʯǱЧ
峤ͷԼƵָѪѾ̣˿ʹǰੲݣȻȴԿ˿ڣг˼
һ·磬һƬ֡ׯ̧ͷܣͻȻؿһʹ۶ʱһڣһҺ½Զסʵʦôˣǲ˻ûã
ׯڵ󷨺ͻ֮Ӱ죬ң罻棬ʤ㡣
ĴѰ֮ʣͻȻͷһ޷쳹ءׯսʶ첲½Զ
ҶɳɳʯִҶХӿ˱ԱͷƵңͻȻһصӰŭ𣬴дܳһ׺ׯѸֵϮ
ٶ罻սʽϬۿҪԴȻȴۣ°Ϯ紷ض㣬ŭȣϵǱһڲ
ܲ״վͷסԣңһУˣӻغɽ¡
˽󣬺ɽϣȴҲӰɽïܣӲݴһȺ˰Ӳݣҵһɽ
ǰȼյķ΢Ļ⣬ׯǰ˸󡣻谵֮УԼܿʯϿͼ
ׯ߽ʯڣֽĸʯϣɽ˶ϸʯϵ̵ľǵۼ
ߣ·ʯϵ̵Ķǵۼʱǻʳδƣĸδʱ¡ŤŤּģĻ˵һλŮ˼
ɽһƬտĿյءϰڷŴСС״ʯͷÿʯͷ϶Ųּͬͻʯͷһǣſפʿ
߹ʯͷѳɵĻʹͷС·УͻȻһصӰɽлص
˱ɢׯϸǰޣȴ˫۳Ѫ֮ǰͬм˵ģ˵ۼмƣĪϵǱӰ죿
˫۶ˣֿ򷽲ŵʯͷʳǣͻȻؿƣ·Ǳŭһ㡣ܲͷ£˽ս
̧źݺݲׯˡץδ̵ʯǣһֵܲĹһʯ飬Сɽڣжޣмܡ
һŲڵϣʱѿһ޷죬𶯣ʯɽҡΣеĽֹˤͻȻһƣǰһŲɽᰣħδɽᰵһȱ㱻ڽŵףʱѪѪģ
Ҷ漴ӱϮȻת˫۵Ҷ裬һɨץסҶƤһ㣬ʯڡҶײӲʯ飬ڵϣʧȥʶ
ܲׯƴȫ֮ԿǿУֻȡׯΪ͹ǰһתͳһŷףס
»ʣ磬ׯ½Զңңӣ˽һֻ½ԶƵǰ֮ע⡣ׯƵ󱳷ϣսԴͷ­
ͻȻȻһתͷӭׯĿ⣬ſѪڣ͵سׯܲ׽ó棬һ̱㽫̳븹
ʦСġ
ʯ䣬½Զеطϣһƿׯ̼佫̽С
Сš
ׯۿ½Զ̽ҧϸ첲ɽѪϣ̵÷ۡ
һ˲Ļ·һþׯԭأԴһƬհף㵣ΨϹ̵Ѫƺϸϸܵ룬ʹ񾭡
ॡһڵϡׯڵϣ˫ǰĻ硣
·һǾֹģͣͣҲˣգ۶۵ġ
ʲôûûΪЩʲôûиʲô
ׯʧǵعڵϣһ飬룬ȴ˵ʲôֻ졣
ͷӽűʧˣ̧Ŷ׼޴Ӱׯ͵زȥֻһɻһ̲ࡣ
ͻȻһӰڻǰĿԣͣڿУѪ˫۶ǵӰŭš


80 
ŭĿ, ŽűߵӰ, һ˫۷·ܵγѪ˫ŻĽţؿ
谵ɽڣǵӰ, ӳڻУ̬, һ޵ӣ, λͶоѹ, ȴװ·һԼǰװģŻ
ε, Ҳˣɲǰλ̬Ĵ峤
ŭ, ̧˦峤, ͷŭ
峤ؿͿ˵ɡþ, ôҲңҾҪˣ㻹㻹ڹңұȵۡǶԵ, ҲԹ㣬Ҳ޷ԭԼȿȡ
Ͽȳһ̲Ѫ峤ΡΡǽڣ磬Ҿһˣ´壬õ˵ĲϣһʱʹӦˡҵȻ᲻ȵҲ°գҸףҪԹңҲˡ
˵治Ļһֱ㵱ŮⱲҲˣһʮ꣬ȴһӶڣ壬ҺţҲŻˡˣеȵˣӦʮ˲ģܼϵȵء
峤ǽڻվߵǰӲ˲ߵѪ·׳ʿһ㣬ˣҵĻ˵ˡܻȥͻÿĵɡˣֵǵġ
ͷĿãͻȻſŭһҧס峤Դͷ̽С
֮䣬ȫŰ׹⣬ǿۣҫɽͻȻһ죬캳أ縹ըһȫžըķѣĭɽ
һִƾ׷˶꣬ʲôס
ʧͻȻէ֣Ӷк£ڿлۣۼ䡣
ׯϵˣ˫ȷǷܲŲȥѪ˱ڻ§ţΨٶʧ߲ͣػţСš
ܲϵĻ֮ʧʶָѡ
ʱڽʯħߺشǽһȺѪ󣬵ͷڵѰҡ
ɵҵ𣿡
ߴߴߴߴû
ôôأ
ʯħͷԭȦǿϵ飬ϸѰңһѲ֫ҵż顣
٣ҵˣ
ʯħŻ·ҵҹһ˷ܡ
ϽȥҵڶöߣϽģ
Ѫץʯħϣĸׯ󣬵õ־Լͳûۣ֮ҲҪ©²Ұײɡ
ԭ·ɽѱˡׯȻʧ˵عŹѱбʣ˵òᣬǾɽˣҪˡ
ܲ˿һ㣬Сʦ֣Թңʲô¾ܷԸҾˣδԹ㻹ҿԲ𰡣ҴˣԺ󲻸ˡ
ܲղҶļ򣬷·µɷֺһ㡣
ׯ״Ц½Զȴһˡ
Сţ
ׯỽȴӦ
Сģ
Сţ
öʧľŽӿͷׯһᵽɤۣһľܲס
ҶͬʵԶأŻôˣ
ѽСӣʡģȥˣ
ܲҶæĴң㣬ϻأȣҺʦȥҡ
ʦҺ㡪
δܲѻ˵꣬ׯѾ˲ǣ·ܻȥ˿ֻǰڣת
ׯϵͳϽСģ
ϵͳϵͳڲѯԺ򡭡
ϵͳǸϵͳδܲѯ½Զйݡ
ׯʲô˼
ϵͳ½Զڷϵͳ޷ѯ
ׯһͣ඼ֹͣ˶µġ
ׯ㣬ʲô˼ʲôвڷҰǷ
ׯ˿ȫܿƵرŭ·һʯؿڣѣǧͷвơ
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գ֮Ϊɻ䡣ׯɵãȫմ˸顣ʲôĴԿգ˿ׯȫһռţһ˿ѵķ϶ûС
׾Թ϶¼ʮأ֮ҪЩ˷ݡȻĺĺһ޾һĹޣҲ
ׯվڻĿյϣʧ˼ܿƶ
ǲ֮µĶ԰ɣǲĶ԰ɣ
ׯһһذ궯ģˣ̲סҪȫҪãҪԼҪʲôʲô
ö֮˵Ѿʼģٽͬϧּ򵥵ҲΪɼʲôֺ֮շת㺣סʲô
ׯͷʹѣ·һڶߴо飬ûоͷ·ϸǰС
ߵĿյϣׯʧǵؿԶͻȻտɽдһС
Сţ
ׯʧ˫ȼϣѭһسȥѾ˲̬˲ýµʯ
һ·ǰȴǶͶ¡ׯԶںСǰߡ
ͻȻһ˫ס±ߣ
½ԶӶǰվׯЩȣæЦʦôҷš
ׯڣǱ֦ƵĶֱҲѪۣͷϻֻһۣܲµ¶ʲôˡ
һŻׯҧأɫǰһЦ࣬ǿҡĵҪȻȴȻ֪
ׯɫ꣬ҲŭҲ˵˲ΪβҵĻ
½ԶŻЦ˵˿̼ׯŭģȻЩ֪롣ĲҩЩίСֹֻժҩʦֵ˻δȬֻ롭ΪʦְҩѣҲǹܵģԲʦֲҪˣԲҲˣҪҵˣҡ
СԼſǻ½Զͷҿׯʦִδֹδʮֲˡ
ȻδȻ˵꣬½ԶͻȻ˫ߵĻȫں䣬첻֪˵Щʲô
һůΧ½ԶԴһƬհס
ׯ§·þסʧõϲΨٴʧĲͷֻ֯ле¶ȺϤϢ԰ļ֡
ʦҴˡ
ׯһ§һְסԴƽٺˡ
½ԶڻЩׯӵѹͷһֻܾС㷲
Ժ󲻻ˣʦֲҪҴˡ
½ԶһһḧׯԴǻȥɣҸʦּҩ
ׯͷδ𻰣ֻͷ
½Զ뿪ĻׯӣͻȻһҵĴʹĵѸӣϲӣڲɢ
½Զ˫ŲӣǺ죬ӡһĴȡѪҺ׳
СôˣСţ
ׯɫţңһصڲϲʳ

½ԶŲӣ˫۳ѪͫȾѪɫѹں䣬·һֻεĴסĲӣȴһڶƣڻѳ˯Ŀ
Сü˵𣿡
ׯÿҪ裬ץס½Զļͷͼʶ
½Զۣʲ˫һ˿ǣׯ֣·Ҫץסľݣ϶ػ
ʦ֡
ȻȥׯԲѡ
ʱĮɷϣʿ׽СˣѸٸɽ뿪ǰ̧ͷ˿ߵƣһЦ
Ҫˡ
ȥһ·ʱڰѵľɫӳպɻ죬һڡ
ʿǰУһأԴɵһڵˮľ¥յͻƣǵȫѹ
ʿװûһߣѰ˸۵ƫͷƼλ£պһƣԹϸϹ
ԼĪ˰յĹ򣬼ԴתкСɿʿףϲϲ߹ЦӴɲǲʿ𣿽ĵÿ˵ذ
ʿ׷еľƱתͷӭߣϲˣԭǼԴţˡʧ񡣽Ŵ˵ã͵ǰһ۸ˡ
ԴĶƤЦԵԵ֣Ȼˣطұ죬Һд͡
ʿײδѣҾţʿĳл
ԴߵˮλӣЦʦֺ׽ˡ
ʿ̧ͷţʵ˵Ŀʦ֣
˭ǲΨһľͷ˭˲֪
ʿЦڰֵ˵ЦˣʦֵȷǲЦҲǸĳء
Ϊʿպһƣ˾ٱʿ׼ǰոǬضʦ⼸Ϊҹ˼ͷ˺ü
һǬء֣ٱֶ˶٣ʿʵǬأ֮أ˸Ҵʦ֡
ʿץһӽƮƮ˵Ҳûʲôֻǽ쳣ʦ˵ǬصĵҪˡ
˻
ڸǬصĵҲšգǬͻȻһ޷죬̱ϡʦ˵ǵص׵棬زסˣ֮쳣ٹգҪˡ
ʿ˵һۣǸǬصĵɾǵ֮ϴαǧǰأյգϣٻš͸̻һ˵׳׳ۣ˵澰һмڴ
ű˵ĶæʵǼʱܳţ
ʿתĴָĴָϸƬ̣ӻͳһŷģݸ˵ʱҲֲ֪㲻ô׼ŷйأ֮գűɴɵǰǬһǧ澰
Žӹľٹͷ͸չϸۿ
ʿˣ͵аգҲҪϻȥˣǼСûҲУҾͲͻˣǡ
Ž׵պãҾʿȥ֮󣬲δϻĮɷ壬ǰһѰ
壬صլׯ½Զڴϣס֣ߣöǰ亹
ׯϵͳСôˣ
ϵͳãѯ½ԶħεӰ죬ҵ»Բѡ
ׯа취𣿡
ϵͳУҩǧ֥
ׯá
ϵͳ已̥֥Ч̫ǿҪҩΪ𺦲С
ׯˡ
ׯڴߣŻ˯ѵ½Զ˲գ˱˲԰ףһֻޣúðϧͷǻһСľͻ飬Ҳ޷ԭ
ͷϷͣׯԼʲôˣ½Զ֮䣬˼֮˼ģϧ
϶ǳԹŮǲյĳԹŮһԸҲãҲգܹ֮á䰲˫ȫο
ԣΪ˱һٴֻСʱֹ𡭡
ׯһ½ԶתȴҲֻܲӣȥ
ܲ˿ƮƵ˼ɢͷ
ׯ̧ͷ˿ߺصĺƣ̾һȥ
ǽֻϲһǰ䲻֪Ҫʡ鷳ȻӲԸ
鲻ִһ[1]
һׯժ֥֮ͣϵҩץ˼ζҩϻشլ
;УׯóͻȻ͵سײعͷһȴǰָǰ˵ʦңұåˣ
˭åǰûģ׷ˣȻ˵å
ǰһλָԼп಻ǰׯ㹧ءģعҾʦЦˡ
ׯЦ޷ǡ
ǰȴҪȥ곬ȡ
漴ӹҰȥ곬ȡ
û˵Ҫ
Ҷˣǰ˶˵ʯΪľʯͷģҲˮʯ˰ɣ㵱һ㶼Ϊ
ǰҲڡڿ𣿡
ƺڼ⣬˷ܵ㵸Цģ˵ģҵţܽʲôҶ㣡
ǰɬץͷӲòҪκϣʦˣ
˵ձһûӰˡ
ׯ˿ˣŮ˽Ҳ˵ʲôֻͷЦ
ʧӰţˣ첻ˣصƿ
ׯʵϲҪһ𣿡
ӷ·ʲô˵ľ֮һ֣µؿȻϲΪβһ𣿡
ׯҡͷ£ǽƾϲܽġ硭ɽ𢣬²֮ģ֮Ըɡ
Щ⣬Դü˼ΪȻǸˣȻȲʦĻ²˲ŻڡϲһҪ²ʲôĶ˵ȻҪ׷󰡣ȻͰ׶ˣ
˵ģ⡣
ׯͷһ𣬷·յűߵǰӣĬã˼ʵǡ׷ᣬᷳ˵
ߣȴôҲ˵ڣʲ⡣
ׯƬ̣˵˵˼ңҲϲ㣬ȴΪһЩһЩòǵ飬磬ҷ˵²֮޷תòšò֮õԵҲҪһ𲻿ô
˵һͷˮüҪ˵ⶼΪԼҽڣȻ˼ңǾ͸øӺɷ򣬻ϲô
֮ԣׯȴ統ͷһһ·ͷݺݴһȭʧһһ
ʦôˣ
ӷסׯﲻȥ
ׯƿڰ޷
ųصһһ߻شլŵĻ·ʩħڶ߻صһһ䡣
Ӻɷ򣬻ϲô
ׯŷ۵ؿڣս
״ׯ˫ϡׯз˾ׯ߳ޣһׯνӺɷ
ȻӺɷׯȴԥԥηηƾ׹һ˵飬һׯܳӺô
Ϊǵʦ֣սսһĽɫһ·Ƶ¶ˣѵϲô
ǻڷ谵УׯһĨ⣬ǿϣŹķȥڹľͷһλͷһЦ
һЦĻ


81 ִ֮
, չض, ˼գʳѰ̲סҪǰȥȻߵſȴ˱ŸѾǵһα֮ˣҲϰΪ
², ѾһδˡмǧҲ˵Ǳдɡ
ڰǰ, ̯һִֽպպīˮ, Űֽ˼, ¾ӿͷһʱ֮, ֪ôӺ˵
ׯ˴־ذ壬ܲǰҶ豣֤һḺ, Ȼߵ̫ſ, бģһ뵽Ҫԣֱǧлʹ
ܲվſ, ¿ˮ䣬, ·׳ʿһ㣬š
ˡˡˡ

ľš֨ѽһ򿪣ܲӲͷƤ߽ȥ¥ˣһģһܲһΣһһαǴ˿̡
ٴŴţӱӰܿ̽ͷƤܲΨ뿴ס
ܲƿ°ڣֱڵϣͷֵʦ𡣡
תŽűߵˣĬ÷ſڵ㱻޿ԣ
ܲһ㶣ǡ
ۺӣĬƬ̣ܱ޿ƵˣԹִСԹޣ
ܲĬ
ӦõģԹҲӦõġ
ܲͷδػصӲҡ
ǲԹңԱ޿ƣֺ񡭡һ
ܲȻ̧ͷüͷյʹ벻ʶϣջһİġ

תֶұ˵棬ҸһΪعͷȴֹߵˡȻ׽ɸߣδױ֣ԹҲӦõġΪףδܽ㣬Ϊʦδ̺ܽ㡣
˵һ룬һۣ㻺ˣȥɡ
ܲıӰǧʱȴһ仰Ҳ˵ֻǵͷֵӸˡ
̫ܲδصԷǾֱŹ£ڶιһĸԸ
ͬʱԺȴֺ壬һȺСΧ½ԶԷ⣬֪ʲô
һҶͲˣ˵͵ģ
˵˲ң
½ԶԷڣһֵĵƿӣϵͷϤڵϣ䵹񳭼һ㲻֪ʲô
ˣϽҽұʦԲߣ
һԵĵҲǰ˵½ʦܣ˼ҵĶǾ绹Ǳ̣ŴһʦֵܡִԲ򣬱ʦҲȲ㣡
ǾǣֽŲɾĶʦɻ䣡
ôǰû£һͲˣѵǹ
ָָ㣬½ԶվԭزΪ
ʱ֪˭฾һߴߴӴҿǻ˰ɣ͵ԼùǺֶεģʦֶ÷ϻǵﲻ𡣡
Ҳ˵ˣһ˵ʦֱҲⶼڶˡ
òǺ꾫תɣҿǻǶԶЩҪùͷʦúõ˱̣˻
Ǿǣ˼˰Ĵʦ֣

½ԶŻ޶ԣ˿ڱڮʦ֣ŭ˫ֽȭȺ絶һקһ˵죬ȭͷݺȥ
˼״׷ӿһš
ֱҪƿݶׯ·Ժһ֣Ѱ
ߵ½ԶԷ⣬һȺ˰Ŵľв
һƣ̤Ȼɫƽͣȴŭ
ſڣһϮʤѩһ͵չ⣬ٷo̳֮ϣֻԶϵعհ
һڵӼׯǰ׷һԣϹϾعҾʦ֣
ׯɨһڣҲ𳭼Ҹй֮޲ŭɫҲѿ
δׯڣµʦܱչ״ʦǰĶʦ㣬ʦҲ㡣һ˽լʺ֮ԣʦһֱ㡪
ӵҲǸ˾֪֮ǰƨׯⴵ죬Ȼׯȴ˿ΪƽգȻǳ׵ģ˭Ļׯƨǽֻ롣
ƨĵĲԣ˵Ĳ𣬶Ϊ۸½Զ
ׯòͷˣĿӣۿ
ǵӭĿ⣬һ£ǴյƼΪֻþĲһׯǺɽᰡ
ʣһӵƨ˻ʻȥżɽʦ֣½Զ͵ҵ壬ҪΪ
һԵ˸͵ǰʦ֣ʦΨһ룬ԵС½ʦϲȥգҲǽƽϵˣֻǷ½ʦܴ󷢴ȱɡ
ǵߵ½Զǰֱ׳ҪʲôҶ㣬ֻöߣ
½Զˣٿׯ˴ܵƴ˿ǰȫʧӰ٣ֻǲ԰׵ʦ֡
ǵӴĻ˵ʦֻ㣬Ҹ岻óûֽ꣡ŲɾˣʦֲŲỤ㣬Ŵʦ֣
ǵӱ˵ߵ߷ڣŭҾͲˣݾô㻹ܲصȥ
žһʲӴӴͷĹ﷭ϸҲûҵ˵塣Բģ﷭䵹
ͷһǽڷŵľУǾ£ڽ䣬ϸƻֲˡǷʲô˵ƵģһѽСľק˵ðҵˣ˵õģ߲񣡡
½ԶõľУʱʧ룬ȥȴԵ
ҪûС
δѻ˵꣬Ѵ򿪸ӣĶϤ
ϡﻩһأ沢ûҪѰ壬Ȼ֮ȴڳ˽Ŀ࣬һʱ֪˵ʲô
˼һϸ鿴˵ⲻǡʦⲻķ𣿡
ĩƬҰ꣬Ψׯôʽһ۱Ƴ
ׯʧõķɻϴ֮ɣת۱㲻ˣΪǱ紵ˣΪΡ
ⲻʦֵ𣿡
ׯȥǵõ˺þõңԭΪɽСŪˣ
лУʦⶼģ
ׯһѶ˷ңƴ룬ҲС
ָ½Զ˵ð㲻͵ҵĶ͵ʦֵģʦƽնûһִ𣿶ңһ͵ôô
ߣƺЩڿڣʦ֣޷޲ƽʦ֣Ҫδ½Զ͵ֽŲɾӦɹ洦ã
ׯȴ޶ԣǶѶġ
ʲôֱţЩ˽ƷҪôô
ׯתͷɫƽһһٵ⣿
ֻ㬵زӣӦûû⡭
ӼңӶѰ˼顣
½Զֱֱׯۿᣬľб򿪵һ˲䣬·ڼ˵ҲӲأӲܼĺڰгö֮عС
ֱ޵ݣص˼ͷϲȫ˽űߣָ㳰Ц
½ԶׯƽĲһ̿֡ʦַſˣȫˣ͵͵ղĶҹʦֶôãʲôʵʵ룬ҪʦҲЦôʦֻôʦֻô
ڷڵĶһֱͻȻ֪˭ʦҵˣ
̧ͷȥһѽӹ壬ϲҵģ
Ҿ㴲ҵģòӸ˦µİɣ
пܣûˡɶʦ֣ҵˣôʱ䣬ʦܶԲסˣûµĻǾˣϢ
˵뿪ׯȴڵվס
һȺԹվԭزٶ
ˣ˿̴֮󼪣
ָ½Զȶִҵģ
ׯֶû
ʦ㡪
Ŀŵֻ̻ưͳԻκβҲֻʡ˭ׯʦصĴӣҪʦ״˭һĿȻ
ߵ½ԶǰԴǧﶥѹͷϣĬãźС˵Բס
䣬˱ûӰ˷׷׸ںѸٳ롣
ߺׯɫԻתߵ½ԶǰûˣԺֱңҲ۸ġ
ׯ½ԶԴƻδͷ½ԶͻȻһʱܿƵ̵ĺˮ
½Զֱͣᣬͷϸϸۡׯδѹﾾһţۣǰ˵ϲŭֶǣԼϲŭ֣ѹԼҲѹ
ׯᣬ½Զȴˣƺڶ
С𽥲ܿƵرɺޣ·𽫲аȫй½Զ۾մʪ½ҲʪһƬʣ϶˵Բ𡭡Բ𡭡ʦֶôôᣬҺܸˣĺܸˡģĺѹԲ𡭡Բ𡭡ˡ
вҪộвҪ룬вҪһδθϣˡ
ԣİ֮˵õĽҩҲĶҩɽˮ㣬ɫʤգȻ½ԶȴֻҪһˡ
ˣ䡣
䣬ֻѡ
ã˼ࡣ
½ԶתׯӶڷ·þⱲӵ˵˼һֱĵ׵˼ǷܣǷ׿ڸǽղ룬ǽ̲סˣǻѾӿɤۣ֪ʱ޷
½ԶͷҭǶ϶Сʵһֱһֱܣܡϲϲһֱϲϲ
ߣ½ԶͻȻЩӣδйľ벻ǵش˷Ю˵ʦ֣ôһֱ˵˼ԶôʦֻһֱһֱȥôʦֻԶôãǡҲ˶ˣʦ֣˶ˡ
ԶֻʦֵܣԶѵܹԶֻվ޷С
ҪվߣҪ󷽷ӵҪضռ
Ҫׯ֣Զֻڡ½Զ
ԣҪҪ׿ڽݸ鴫ݸ
½Զ˫ۣҧأϢɪɪҲĻȰˣŻǻ¡
עһ㣬ȴᶨ
ϲ㣡
صĸִ˵½Զյģ·һϸһеһкǧ
˵ˣ˵ϲʦ֣ܿЦɡʦȴʦֱۻĴҹҹʦֵ˽룬ʦֿ϶ܶİɡ֮䣬ȻҲжŮ֮飬ȻҲзǷ֮롣
½ԶεЦ˵ˣҪʧȥʦˣҲ޷ԶˣȻȴûа취Ӵ˸θ飬ʦֻģԻԶ˼ԶĽʦôõˣȻܺһİɣʦֻõĹΪޣôֵõأô
ӵһ޼ɵزƷ賤½ԶԱͷЦȻδ½˼뷢й꣬ͻȻһů֡
˱ڻ½Զ˫󣬺ͣͣ඼ֹͣ߰뷨׷һɨ⡣
ׯ͵رסʵʵ§ڻŽ󱳣šҲġ
е¶ȣ̵ĺٵ
ׯ½ԶͷߣҼᶨ˵һֱڵ㡣
½ԶɤۣǼһᣬٴβܿƵߵӡ
ʦֵ˼ǡ
½Զתرסׯ§ţŽţʦ֡
Խ谭ջ¸ҼᶨӵԷ
మ˼ϲ


82 Ӱ
ʯħ֮۽֮, Ѫذ, Ѱҵڶö֮ۡ©ɲҪʲôʯħѪյϷȥʱŵ׵СʱںС
ѪץʯħϷУ˯֮ʣͻȻӭĴײšΪֲ˭, ˴¹ʵԻ֣ߴߴس
ƶԷӴԴ, ûã˿ѶԷ, ֺسȺײѪ
Ȼϵ, һȺѪץʯħײѸײڶ֮ƴѪСûʲô, ʯħִͷֱʯ׹أֱӽҳһ޿ӡ
޿ӲԶ̧ͷɼʵĳ, Ȼ֡筺ǡ
°, Ҫݻɽ
գׯ½ԶںɽϴЦü, и˲ϲ¡
ׯִּ䣬컨, ⻪ת̼䣬Ҷ£OO@@ׯ콣£ͳҶ񻨵ݸ½Զ
½ԶϲؽӹƵĻڻҲͳһöҵݸׯ͵ʦֵңձһԼģȻǵһ壬Ժġ
ׯӹңǼᣬԼŵһɶ㣬õġ
½Զڴؿ峺¹鶯Ĺ⣬ƳС¹ׯͷһͷյǰ
Ϊ½Զɬطϣû뵽ȴ󷽷سϣͷСƵĵͷ
ׯϲ°ͣһ˫һ۶Ķˣңɲܷڡ
½Զ粦˹һҡͷٺ죬üĿȸԾٲȻһ߿˵Сϱģ
ׯϲòˣСϱ§ڻ°͵ͷ˲䡣½Զͬϲýסׯţڶ߻ص
ȻţеأʲôǸ˵ģһҲܿһ仨֮ǰҲ֪˭˼ƲҵȻ˿ȴݸУ޷԰Ρ
ƽƷҲѧ˽컨èĹ˻ġʦ֪ԼĴӣѧһ죬ȭȣˣ᲻ᵱȥ
½Զׯ˲䣬Сʦ֣һж˵ڵûһҺһΣǧҪѡ
˵գסׯּؼקΨһΣһۣ˾Ͳˡ
ׯͬ¶Ҫ˸İȫк
ģ˵ڵ㣬ûһˣ档
һһۻ½Զ˵ԡ
Ҹ̫ͻȻˣҶû׼á
ׯͻȻ˻˼ɿסĸ첲һһ룬Цû׼ѽǵ׼
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ɽ޹⣬Լˮڿε
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ڴʱ筺ڣ˷׷Χھ޿ӱߣ쳤˲мСʯͷԼ
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δҶ꣬ܲ˵ǰ筺ˣϽģط̫ˣҶҧüˣ
˸ԶĳȥͻȻɳɳ洫
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½Զ״γĽܲ˵س
Ҷһϲڻ, ȴֱһ෴ķļٵ˵ʦϾ
һ, ȫȻҲϡ
Ҷƶ˵ϲʱˤԨء
, Ҿ
ܲǵؿ, սеңѧ½Զģ
ɽϸ˿Ŀ, ֻӶħżŴ衣̼, , ҡ·Ӧȵ¶ȣѸٳ룬شȥ
½Զׯĵѯƣ첲ܲͬҲŵظҶ첲, ȻҶȴһֱŲԶĶˣζӳ¡Ʋ쿴ܲʧɫ, һĨЦлʦ֡
ܲ漴ͷЦҿʲôٸ󣿡
ҶɥҡͷǰߣƳһˣͷҲص߿ˡ
뿪С֣һ·筺ǡ
ͬʱʿɽңԶĶһ̵Ϻ֮ء˵һɽڿẮţѩ⡣ͨ˸һ̤ᱻɱ飬һر
ʿ񣬵ʲô⣬÷Ļɽʱһ硣
ֱߣ䣬ٶ۵ĵƤ⡣ʿ׽ҧһ̤ɽͷˣ˿
ѽѽ˵ţǰô㻹ҳһˣôһҲѽ
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֪ħԪλֻ²ձ꼰ʱһֻȻǰƴȫҽʱͬգʦҹħվֻ±ȰǰպٴַδĶ֡ԣ㣬Ϊ˴¡
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ħٶȽʱҶֻЭӭзһ˿ʤ㡣˵ҲһͬĶ
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ʿ׼ҡʤȯհ岻ֻ֪ʦ˵ĺ֮գֻ֮ʱʱֻȥһطǲսɡ
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ʯħѪǻµȦ°ͿıݣʱʱֽкáȺʿǽԼˣֱšһԵİռħһֱδֱܱš
վȺֱĴȣٶһţﲻֹͣšǺá
ʯħѪ˿û߳ģЦǰ
ʱŽǵׯ˼ǰΣȻӲ
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ʯħѪƹȺԶƳվׯԵ½Զ½ԶҲӭߣһۡ
ѪվʯħļͷߴߴߴߴߴߴӣҪ𣿣
ʯħһץסѪԴ˰壬ɵ٣ǻϽ뱻𣿡
˵գʯħѪݵأʧӰ١
˼ׯһֱ㽵סħʱм㣬Χǹָл
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վһԵ˼ׯҲ·ǿϣ칧ǰҾʦһ·࣬һظЪϢƬ̣Һúдλ
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ׯǣҲûжԡһٷԵûʢͣ˸ԻصԼԷ
ҹ䣬ҶڴϣкСֿĳʱ뿪բйһ㣬˼ӿͷȥô˯ţʱ½ԶΪׯ첲ʱ½Զׯشģ·Ⱳİıϧ
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84 
˼һڽ, , ֮Ͻ̽־Ϣ
Ĵϣ·ڶȻӵ˳УȴֻɫСĹڽűߴ
ׯĴҴܵĹɻ󡣷ʱСһȺ˵ʲôϡ, Ĺʵڶó档ϸߵ, ŮԾӶ࣬ȴֻС, , ׳ʵ١
֣ׯǰ, ȴһƹǱ˷׷ָЦܣôҲ⸱ģǰ˭Բѵ˵Ҿܰ
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λιòãΣһ֣ЩòĹƸʫңڡ˵֪ǸʲôģкĿģֻ֪һڴӴ˱㲻ð
һ㣬ϴѣľߡѺ·ߵһȺӣӲݣƺȵòͷ
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λͳϵͺ˵ﲻǿǲ۸ˡ
ӽ͵Һȥһֱʧķ춼ҲԸݡ
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Ҫܺһ빫ƸʫöáҪԼһưͣܺ͹˵˵仰öá
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筺ߵСɽϣһԸһλԸ顣ǰֻǲ֪ģʽ
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ûб仯·šһɾƹˤᶨԸʵŮԸŮϧһдۣڡ
Ƭ̣ͻȻǿէʯ񻺻˫ۣű߹ݵˣصԸΪԸʲôۣ
Ȼŵؿʯڻع˫ֽգڵдһ֡

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ڵ˾°ͶҪڵϣ׷վһţβųһľ߹
֮ʣԼŵһɺŵĻ㣬Ƣһһ̳Ҿ·Ƶġ
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Ըﻺ˫ۣһӳڿС
Ż﹫һλﳯϦദԼһģһˣӱĴѰԪ
ӱǸ֮ˣ̰ͼò壬ԴһֻȮ֮֮֮ȥˣα˷ġ
ŻЦÿĹӣԵĹ֮ϣֱһˣԼһԸֱһЦøԼԪȥİ֮˵³
ǿЦЦôôɵ
ͷЦմʪ
ʯ񻺻˵ֹ˶Ǻö۸ȺˣСȡЦȺˣĹ¡ˣǸ֮ˡ
Ļ䣬𺣬ʯЦȻ˸ңݹҸˡ
Ҫɱи֮ˣ֮ʣһɥ֮Ȯҽűڡ󡣡
ʯգ۾漴仯˵Ƕ̫ˣΨǱЦܵ衣
ҪҪ˶ܵĥ֪ô
ʯĿԣܲԸڻ谵޹⡣
ԩڿƮʯϡ
ͻȻǿԩ긽ʯϣһŮӴʯ߳ɢĳͷҲصƾɵľţֱɽ
筺ڣݵܵʯħѪݶ˵Ļ漴ȥԸѰ֮ۡ
ڣϻҴܡʯħѪϸңطô󣬵ôҲҲ
ʯħԴֿտյػȥͻȻϵĻ֮΢Ĺ⡣
ʯħСƿȡ֮ۡһֻѾһֻԱѰ֮ۡ
Сƿڵ󣬻֮ۿʼ˸۵ǿ⡣ʯħзӦŻۣ֮߶̽
ߵʯǰ֮˸ǿͻȻ졣ʯħ漴ߵʯǰ֮۽ʯ
ʯͻȻʼСϵ䡣ʯ˫ͬ˸۵ǿ⣬Ըǽں͵ѿ޷죬ҡҡ׹ۿҪ̮
ѪϽʯħӣ֮ʯ֮󣬹ҲˣҲˣʯήҲˡ
ԶĴʯϣʯħ°һıԶǵģ
ɵҿ±ϡ밡һҪ޳ˣǿ϶򲻹㿴ϴεĻ磬˭֪ε޻᲻Ҫϣǽޣõ־ȡۣ֮ȫѹ˵ô
Ѫվͷмߴߴߴߴߴߴ©
©Ҳһֱ£
ʯħ˿öˣʯƨɣҡڵɽһ¸½Զ
ʱլڣׯ̸껰ߺԺͻȻ˱סѹ˵ץˣ
ׯ˫֣Цٲƻǽɫ
ɫ
ׯ˼Ƭ̣˵ҪνٰٻǴ٣滹棿¸𣿡
½ԶãȻգֹۣ
˵գ굽ׯǰס˫ַ§ԼһģЦǽҰɣ


85 ԸϹ
ʯħѪϵլ, Χǽ, ̽ԴײŨĶˣŵøϽס۾زӡ
ɵڸ
ߴߴߴߴˤӡ
ΪʲôҪأ
ʯħٴ̽Դ͵ǽڵĶˣθ½Զһ¡
תͷһԵĴʯħһָ֦ػϼ, ׼½Զȥ
ׯ̧ͷӭ֦һ, 䵯ʯħģһ֦, ϼƬҶ, ӣǱׯ
˹, ôػضܱɣһ֦̫ᣡ
ʯħԴһʯ, е˵, һֻ۱һֻٴ׼½Զ󱳡
ƴ֮ʯħ׼½ԶȴͻȻ߿ʯͷӭܲ

ܲŶͷ, ɫΧǽƿڴ˭ķŰ̵ģϽӳ
ߣϽܣ
ʯħ˻ץѪ, Ѹٶݵ·
ׯͻȻֵܲѯʷ¡ܲź׵ĶͷԹ˵ˣλҲ˹ȥ
д£
ׯв죬ǰɽҶǰԸ鿴˷ͷ¡
ׯһϵãȴ漦ɹһֻڰĴ󹷴ӵϴܵϣצǽӳϸۣҵĻҲơϣǻƵա
һȺΧľŴȴʱ׽
վһԿⳡ־磬̾ʲôӣҵ㶼ˣ
˵գһץɨ㣬ݺ󹷡
ֻ󹷱ͷУ۵໽С굽˽űᣬ漴̧
㡪
ɫһһûһƴԴ
ϴݵ˸ԾԾԲ׽ܵ½Զűߣҧס°ڡ½ԶȴδЦԴȴͻȻɿ죬̧ͷҧӦǡ
½Զɫ䣬䣬һƴ֪ôĹׯ״漴ס֣ӹȡӦǣΪá
ǳûס󹷵Ĳӽ˨ãƷ
ظ̾ѾߵĲ»ߵľ£ſڵҡβĴ󹷣ص֮ŮԸۣͬó췭ظðλʦѹаŽڹԸʯҲ޷ȥ硣ÿԲ֮ҹʯữһòĹȻڳȥȴʹǰԸĵһλӻáЩ֪ô˲Ȱҹ͵͵ȥʯȻͱˣ˼Ȯ
ׯʵΪܻϵûи֪𣿡
̧ͷЦʳɫҲԼԹ˭

δأֻ󹷱㳯˿ͣƺʮֲͬĻù˲̬Ь͵󹷣ǳӣ
󹷱ͷһ󣬹ԹԵſڵҡβСߺߡ
ʱԸڣʯħѪʯǰ
ɵ˵ǸôϣǸʦԣҽӽˣҲ򲻹ùûҴӮϾҡ
Ѫվͷڳߴߴ
ߴߴߴߴߴץ
ʯħץסԴǼûϷߣˣȻ˵ץǲɵɵɵ
ʯħ̧ͷʯʵɵ˵ҪҪʯ񿸵ǰ
ߴߴӽ
ʯħۣ㶼ץöңô
ߴߴߴߴ㳤ôͷʯ׳ˣ
㳤ɶõģʯ㶪ˣ
ߴߴ㳤ôǸɶõģ
㻹Ҷ죿һŲţ
ߴߴ˭̵ù˭
һȺѪʯħŰΧʯħʾ⿪ͻȻĽŲ˫ͣ¶޴أʯħ漴ץѪͲʯڡ
ľš֨ѽһ򿪣Ҷɽһǰһ߽ϸ۲Ҷߵʯǰ´ʯòͻȻᣬɻʦ㣬ûŵһζǡ˭ˣ
ʯȻۿЦһմմϲģ
ҶȻ̧ͷʯѸٻָԭװ·
ʦ㣬㲻ʯģ𣿡
ɽ߽ʯӦȷʵ
Ƶʯ󣬲ʯħѪʹɫ̧ͷǵͷصģѪȻҲˣ϶صͷ
ʯδ쳣漴߳ҶȥͷͻȻһ˻СѪ𸩳£˼ͷ˺ҧ
Ҷɽᰳֽɱ˫ս֮ʣʯħûʯߡѪɹսһ漴ߡ
ɽսʣתͷƳſһŵʯħӰ붼δԥ׷ȥҶҴҵܳȥҲϣʦȵң
Ȼδ̤ţʯȴͻȻ˸΢Ĺ⣬ƣãЦҵˣ
ʯħò״ѪץƵطɣͻȻһϹ⻮աعͷɽ׷
찡ûꣿֻħ
ʯħ͵ĴѪ𣬴ߴٵɵ㣬Ҫ׷ˣ
ɽ᰽ۿҪ׷ϣʯħץϵѪһ㽻ɵóɱﵣԵģ㣡
˵գϵسȥ
ɽ᰼ӭҹ䵯ֻѪȴǻʪȵҺһģǰ
ʯħѪǳûӿ첽ѡ
ɽջħսʪɫѿҺֻѪù죬ʱز
˲ϵգɽعԸѰҶ裬·ڳ޴󰭣ʯħҲδ쳣漴ϻլ
ʰоֺׯ˱ںԺʯǰԲߡ
֮Ҫܺ˻ָ
ׯȿڵ
ܲյһʵôָ֪ôģҿҪҵԴͷ֢ܶҩ
ׯ˵ʦܴԣǲ̽һˣ
ܲӭͼߣʱͷƤ飬϶лթ漴־ܵˣҵСһǸô죿Ҫػѣ
ׯһƳһ½ԶãȻģȻûԹҲ´ʦܡ
ܲתͷ½ԶգۿԼһ֪ӣȻ۵ùĲյʵ½ʦܣ㶮Э
½ԶȻãҡͷׯȴɫһܲδһԡ
ܲ˿ׯ飬װûֱӺʵ֪ЩҪΪʲô𣿡
š½ԶգգۣƬ̣ƺ뵽˴𰸣ɵЦƯ㣡
ۡ
ܲһڲˮϣЦ춼ϲ£ӲߵĲգЦ˵Ҳû֪ǼƯʲôô
ѵ½Զˣֻüͷ˼ƺԴҲҪ𰸡
šš
ׯóһµĲյպݵ½ԶУ˵ˣлᣬðˡ
ܲѵõ¾Ҫׯٴ½ԶĲյһʦֱѽ£㿴½ʦᣬ޸ĸЩҪ˽̡׻˵縸㲻˼˵ǻ׽ʦѽҸ˵ǼƯʵš
ܲͻȻ˵ֺұȻݺݵصׯ
ׯȴûһ㣬յеһڣȫȻһ޹صӡ
½Զܲٿׯʵʦ֣ʦôˣ
ׯûһ˿Σл˵졣
½ԶͷŶһСشܲûزյѧׯµģȲ衣
ɴʱҶɽ᰸ϻׯΡ
ɽᰴԸڲ쳣ֻ֮ʿħټ
ħ
ׯɻǴɽշ筺ڵħֻΪҲڹԸħкθϵ
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Ҷ˼ͻȻʻϣ֪طϵûûʲôܣû˯ðɣûµģʦֲصġ
ܲѽѽ
ʦôˣ
ׯû˿ΣȻ޵
Ŷ
ҶͷδʣȴһֱǷڵ¡
⼸Ȳ鿴к춯ʮǰԸһ̽
Ӧʣ뿪ֻܲԭѽѽұȻ
ȻʱԸڣʯŰ׹⣬ѵ׺ֳһŮӵģһϸȴŮӣҶ衣


86 Խ
ҹ, ҶͥԺɢ, ĶԻ
ʯ˸΢⣬Цҵˡ
Ҷתʵҵʲô
ҵʵˣһľϵˡ
Ҷɫŭӡ
ʯ´Цֻϧþ֪, ǿ̾
ҶЦص㻹һ
˵ľϰҺôİ֮й´, أ˿ۿ㣿
θɣ
Ҳԣæź˶, Ȼûۿ㡣
ҶƺǱ仰ŭ, Թϵϸ뿪ʼ, ͣظ࣬ǣһȫܱ˿̽, ˿û, ֻ뾡뿪˵ء
ʯ˸΢Ĺ⣬ҶƳһۣŭǣ
˵תȥͻȻš顱һȻˤ, ǰ׳ʣҶ趢Żˣ˫ŷ·ǧ, ԭȣԴһƬհףԭ޷
ׯǣ½ԶСʯ̶ţ½ԶͷҧϸüĿ̸Ц価飬ؼ䣬ֻб˴ˡ
Ǹ㣬ֻЦֻӵ㣬㣬ιԶһɲŮòǼѻ
ˣ
Ҫ˵ˡ
Ҷ˫ȭԾزɫ԰ף˿ֻ޵ݣΪҪộۼԼϲ˶ĥáԸԼʲô֪һԸϲҲãٲѹ
ʯҶϣ۲ÿһ仯ƺ˼ȫȻ͸һһεذǿαװ
úÿվߣǲǳˣĿˣ
Ҷ軺ۣǰĻ½Զ
ںɢ½Զվǰǰɢҵ鷢𵽶˫ؿϧӵϦã˳˫һֱĻһжĸöá
Ҷͷ¶糺죬ŻеĳŲۡâɢŨ˽ʧҶЩʧ䣬̫ãʵȴ˲̣һķ·׹Ԩ
һжģжðǲǣϧϧԶܳˣΪǸųˡ
Ҷԭأδһԣлڻ뷽ſĻоþòƽ˲両롣
ʯǲŭųԶԸ
ͻȻһǿϮһֻεĴƣҶƳ⣬ƾɵľٴνա
ҶãȻŴţڵڶ߻صһСʯӽƽĺ棬˲伤
Զӭ¸Ѱ氮֮ˣҵĴŽԶΪҽϧһʵԸ
յĻƶߣþû֮ȥҶϣӿʯ̶
뵽տĻ棬½Զǣ֣Сĵغǻֻǿˣͷ¶һأ
һ˿˿ͬǻԭ֮޷赲
Զδ˵ҲûᷳȻƺϲʦֵģôԸԳãʦҲ򲻻ӦʵģǿǴʦְʦһϣôܻôʦκ۵㡣
ԣʦǻ᲻ᡭ¼ѶŤԵ
ûдʦ֣Զ᲻ῴĺã
ǰģϲģΪǴʦ֣Ϊƾʲô
ƽԶһʱԶҲܸ˵ģЦʱһ㡣ԣʵԶ᲻Ҳһϲأ
ֻΪдʦڣĿⶼ
᲻Ϊʦ֮䣬Զû취ʶԼ˼
ܳãԶҲֻǺ棬ֻһʱѡͷˣҲͲϲʦˣҲͻῴԼˣ
ûдʦ֣ûԶ᲻ᡭ
Ҷ߬½ǣߵɿһ㸽͵ѽΪǸµڣŲ㡣û˱һһ⿴ˣ
ԣֻҪû谭ԶῴõģʦҲԸûʲôһ޶ɡ
ǿԴʦֵģȡ֮Ϊ½ԶϵĻϲ
ֻҪûдʦֵĻ
ִɱ˫۵ˣԼԹ޷԰Ρ
ʱͥԺһߣ½Զվ·ܲǽشսƤЦʦ·ôֻʦֵģǵأ
½ԶȻ˵ʦֺʦǵ·»Ѿգʦֵ·ϴպá
ܲƿԣ֪λشֻתƻ⣬żɽʦִȥط
˵գ·߳ͥԺ
ʦȥģһҪʦţң
ˣһᣬ׼ϲ
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½ԶЦӴÿεСӣ˭Ⱦư
ȺһλԴӣյܲЦλүҪЩʲô
ܲŴߵĿλ£ŶȣӻȡǮӸӣָ½Զ˵õĹúźҵܵܡ
˵껹սСһ䣬Ǹźš
ӵ˵Ǯ¶Цڵ׵ǣ⣡
⣬ҵܵ⡣
˵˵
½ԶһȺ᷿ǽãְ˽ŵػǸ򣬻ǹơ
˫ִļͷ½ԶǺ죬ƿϵˣȥȴǰ
֪˭ﶺһ½ԶڣӶ쵽ӡ
ΧĹǻЦžƱιߡ½Զоɿ壬굽ŵһ͵ƿߵˣקſȾܡ
ܲײײܣɤź٣ʦʲôҸǮģܰ٣
½Զţſӵͷһ·ɱҡ
ׯĴѰ½ԶչȣŻųԷţɻȥ
ţȴӦׯŶ룬ѰڣʵСţôˣôŻŵܻȥˣ
½ԶڱĬׯߵ£ȥӡ½ԶקŲ֣һš
ׯıӣҿ㡣
½Զɿ֣ƿӡ
֪ׯȴɢң糺죬ѲǷ롣
ׯɫһʵô£
½Զʵʵ̹׵ʦִȥȾơ
Ȼأ
½ԶһۣСֹȻһȺΧңҾƣ
ô

½ԶͷٿׯС죬ҿӡ
ׯɫѿܲ˿ӦԼûиӹһ١
½Զ͵飬æ͵һ¾ƿˣҲϲңȻܻˡ
Ļ˵Сƺί
ׯͷһţʵôڱ
½ԶͻȻˣһԵıסԴ϶ΪΪܡ
ׯһۣ˫ţڴϡ漴չأ
½Զһ㶼ƿЩڴϲ˼Ų˫֣ԹԵͷ
ׯοһЦ½Զӣ濴
½Զҧ´һ˫峺¹ۺῴׯϸü
ׯ⸱ģﲻ֪ʲôȻըһࡣһ½Զ˵ǡ
ׯԼҲʼ궯Խ޷Գ֣еڼ˻⸱ģ֮ͨͨһǣҪ
½Զ촽ϸɤӣ϶ػţʦ֡ʦʦ֡ҡϲ㡭ʦ֡
ׯ§Ǽᵽһ㣬ȨԺ󣬳ң㡣
½Զľܵס㴺紵˿˵ʲôʲôׯͷԹԵӦšֻʦҡ
ׯḧ½ԶԴǧ˶»һŰֽȴʮοСվԼģˡԺеʱúý鰮ζ


87 ҳһ
õĶ˽һ, Ȼ˾ȴϤ˾۵ס
Ҷֻͬܳ½Զ, кȴû뵽ľһ档
޼䣬ܡԹŮӵЦֻվԶҲòҪġ
ҶԶڵĶ, ûҪʲô
ʱ, ͱˣҿŶ, ʲôȥɡ˵, һԶ㡣
Ҷ˫ֽŴأָڷ, ĿͻȻ˫, ת˲šֱصԼԷ, װһ·
ڣʿڽߣ·Ϸ׷ŵȺϲ󡢰״ģ, úЦ
պ󣬲ٳͻȻҹɻǼŮ, һգССﶼֻܷŮʬ촦عٸͨСһһȻɻ˳Ƶģץɱÿնᷢ޲ߡ
һδƽһӻδǱַɱͯÿնͯʧ٣˼һ㣬ζҲҲû˿ֵģٸ޴ɲ顣
ΪЩӽҪΪǧ永֮ʣ֪һҹǵŮʬ߷һ̡ԴơżԴΪ֣ʱգڷɢأ޹ɣĪʱҲ˵ͨ
ԴӷּԴɵֱ֮¶β͵ĺ꣬ҲزסٸĲͷ׽ˣȻûץ֣ҵһƣ̵ǡԪ
ÿһװֳҵֵǷĻơٸЩ֮󣬷ЩװȻǰļԴɡԪɡΪ
˰ĹȻҲڼɣ
˷׷ǴɵΪҪΪȥֻع
ԴɺԪɵûʲôӦһֺУһУɳšǺȴͬӼ꣬ˮζӲ
ŵһһ˵ϰղ˭֪ǲڹӣ֣óòҶš
ŭٸһֹ鰸
˰£һνͷУɵֹУһץס˱ͽٸʮһһʺһ飬տסͨͨˡ
ȴ˶Ŀ࣬ŭڵЯǰȥֻع
ͽ̹׵࣬˶šĻʹǰһɣ֮סɣ
ɽǰŶҲ̫˫ֽš
û뵽ģﾹֹ²ΪʦɲΪ֮ʣ
ɫţ˵ûûذɡ
ǣ¿ûô׺ŪҺֱ²ַа̲
˫ţɴսһ
ԴûʲôΪȴ򲻹Ҳֻ֣Լͷڹ꣬Ĵߣⳡ
һĴѰûз֮أϢ˵ܵõЩ֡Ҫ硣
һ·ƵߣȴͻȻǰһӰŨأѪ衣
λСЩëС˵ʲôҪҪϽ߰
뼸λϸϵĺӰЦʲôµģǹһ֪岻ȫδɣΪ϶ߡȻǲ֣ǴСħǴ´ġ
ǼӼгҲ˲١
ҵĺӰͷ۸ӽ¿ԴˣǹһĨЦһԡ
뼸λΪǱŵˣʮ˵Сħһͬܽɱ
Ӱؿбˣüϡ棬ЦŶ
ŵ˸ֽ˵һϣɱҲи徻ĵط
˵գһȺִˮ޷Ӱ
紵ңӰ΢΢ҡΣ֦ͷŨ
ӰƳˣ̧֣Ⱥ˱оһɾ޴بǰ·һʯԼ޷ǰȻͻȻ֮䣬ǹתƵӣһֻεĴסӣѣתƵ֫֫סͬķָоͬʬ
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һȺСӼ𳤱ǵӰɵؽŵƨĴӴܣ޺졣
ӰǱ֦ͷе̾
̫ˣֵ֡
ӦĶңӰЦŨɢӰµظǴطϦϦٰ
լڣׯ˫ֳ½Զ࣬۾һֱҲ˵ϴЦ
½Զչ̣𷽲ŻŪʦֵ·ѵʵʵסԴ˶ڱ
ׯѹűЦˣڲˣ˭˵ϲţţ˭ѽ
½Զڱﲻׯ۸˵ѹϣͼӴ׵˵˭§Ҳ֣Ҷߴ˵ֻҪҪ
˵ׯűӣֵ
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½ԶͲסίȻʦֲҪ˵ˡ
ׯջǲ۸˵˯һɣҸ
š
Ӧһׯıӣ´ȥ
Է㿴ܲׯ»δˣֱ߹ȥܲ﷢ţˣ̳һƣϽʾʦʦ֣Ӷڲ֣һ


88 ͬ
ɫ, ׯܲͥԺСáܲ, ΪԷص̳һջġ
˵Դ½ԶȥҲûʲôôеҪǺġ˭½Զ˲ôǰλѽ
ܲΪׯպʮЦ, ̹Ȼ˵۸ܾöûȼˣ, ȣ
ׯҲûƽϣյһ, ˵Ժٴȥˡ
ܲս, Цô˵Ҳȥ
ׯɨһȻصԲ˿
ܲȻЩɨ, ƲƲ죬˸, ô, ܳʲô˵ǸˡֵطԿĶŮˡ
ׯۣٱǳ
֮, ´Ρ
㶼˵˶ٴβˡ
ܲΪպƣľ̳, һ˵ʦ֣ôԽԽС˼Ҳǳ˵ض㣬㵹ãСƵģʲôҪ߬
ׯЦ֪뵽ʲôҲ˼֡
ܲսͻȻСƺ±˷֣ģͬ̽СϢһ㣬ʵʦ֣˵㵽ôģ
ţ
ׯתͷȻδʺ¡
ܲ½ԶԷŬŬ죬ʾ⣬ʵѽôģ
ׯ¾յʮƬ̣֣´˼ҹ롣
ۡ
ܲǾƣһӲߵľգһĴָдš޻˵
˳ĬܲͻȻʮؿׯﾡǺɸ֣˵Ҹô˵أʱԴ˿ǲǽ֪Ӻã˭ǫ͡Ҹôãδһġ
˻˵꣬ܲ˶٣½ԶԷ˵Ǹң׷󣬰̧Ȣȥʦǽɩɩǡ
ʦƢҲǲ֪οݡҲ˵Ҳ֪δԼˣ
ׯɫƽôô
ֽǰסģ˶ãʱָΣ
û
ܲɴ˫ۣĴ뾪ȣͬһĿƵģͰʵ˼ǡ㻹̹ף
ҵ죡ҿܴ̹׸ϣݰ⣬һСӣʦ˼Ҿŷ緣һɽ¾ȥˣ㲻֪ͬ˭֪𳤵Ĵʲôһģô㣬ȶ׶Ӷףҿ治֪Ǳ
ׯƺҲҡľյĬأĬãŻءᶨ˵Ҳί
ܲһӽеŶȣ˵ԭΪԻߣǱ˹ư
˲˵Щ𣬲飬ɲˣ
ܲΪׯƣҹ죬ɫӰҡҷ
תҹ̳ѿտҲһβʣܲž̳ʯǰ˯ׯطԴͷתԭ˵ҲΪκ̳⣿в£볦ˡ
ׯԺţлŷܲĻԭǲŵģܲ˵Ҳûǲţʦ֪˻ʦӣ˶֮ϵزưոݡο½Զݡֵ顣
ţֽǰסģܻᱻ˷֣ʱһľ档
˵۹ôٳǴôʦʹļô
ǡ
ׯЦһ
鷳š
ο⣬˵˵ȥʲôֻҲȷʵôģί
ԣףҲãܹ黹ƲǸͬô
˵˵ȥǡ֡ô
ҲҪһô
ׯײײԷȴǿЦõ顣
Ҫһ̧֣Ȣȥˡ
Ҫʲôʲô
ȣׯᳵ·ߵԷǰƿţڻ谵޹⣬ľ½ԶԷ
Լϵǳǳĺׯܵߵ߾ֱ£§ס˯ŵˡ
½ԶĶѣתͷȴׯԼߣľȫ
漴ׯʵʦ֣Ⱦˣ𣿡
ׯ۲δ𻰣½ԶĶͷ˵ȥʦְЩѾҡ
˵´ͻȻׯʵʵ§ڻ𶯣ұ
½ԶԹԵﻹЩģͷ̽Եʵʦû𣿡
ׯ§ֽ˽ȫϣ߽૵꣬˯
ƮϢӯŶׯĶζһķҷϤȫ½ԶϺļ⡣
أҲмˡ
½ԶŵȥׯЬ࣬µıӸϣҴҴıӷֹ綳ȵ§ĸ첲䣬濴ׯֻסͷţ§ƣͷ˵ʦ
۾Ҳ˯ţ½ԶͨͨͣȸԾϲԴׯ͵Ц΢΢
ʲô벻ˣֻһͷþû֮ȥһֱƻص
ʦһ˯ˣʦһŴһ˯ˣʦֱһ˯ˣ֮ʦһ˯ˣĺʦһ˯ˣ
һ˷ܵӽڿס˯⣬Ƥ´ܣ½ԶԺ˯š
峿½Զ˫ۣǰׯֻŵ£ԣԴЦī˿ɢڼͷüۼ仹һ˿ʵ˯ŨҵĶ񵭵һƱǼ⣬½Զܿѡ
۵һԼϲˣһҸ¡½Զſ˵ȴׯЦ⣬ԼЩԾ
͵ƿӵͷһֵĵȷȷʪһƬ½Զৡһ±ˣ߬űϣˣǽǣѵصͷ
ׯ⸱ӦĻ˼ǿңֱӣϵĳʪʵˣ
ǣûУ
ׯһڷϣʵʲô
ǡ
½Զ˵ڣתһ־ʵ̫߳ˣ޷ʦֵ˵ֻõͷŵĴ֧֧ǡǡҡҡ
ׯ̲סЦ⸱ߴ۵ģϲòˡ
½ԶһаЦҲ׹ոЩӣίׯʦģ
˵ձ㽫Դ˵ʲôҲ
ׯԾɲϷŹĵǱ˯ģĪǡ
˵չ⻺սһִͷ§ŲӣһǺ뵵һϸܵСӣ½Զߵ
ڷֺ䣬ׯ˵ĪǣʦкηǷ֮룿
󡰷Ƿ֮롱ĸּ˵ģһ˵żʲޣĲ
½Զ޺˿ֱ̼ܵγѪշ̣ҲҪɤƫƫǰ׻ⷢݵò½Զ˿ﾭܵסץæҵ´Ѱӿ
ȥӣӴ
ŻЩˤ´
ׯڴϿĶ㵽¹Сӣﻶϲˡ
ùţ˾ʱȽд󹷾۵Уͼɢа顣СĴС׷׸ϵլڿյϻ󷨣΢һȺſڵϡ
ͻȻ䣬Ⱥ˫ͨ죬ӵ߿ˮʣ¶ͬ͡
һֻ󹷳һֻ˺ҧҲһ㻥ͲֹѪģмֻ˺ҧվһԵˣұĹʼ˺ҧײ󷨱ԵײһεĲһ㵯ȥײܿƵس˿ͣ
˵עԼڷĴϣȴ֪Σնϡһ˫˫ɺ˫Ⱥˮڵϡ
̼䣬һȺȮӽǰ˰ڵ˺ҧҧǵĶ䣬ҧϲӣѪĽ
ׯһתͷһֻĹնԾ蹷ɽᰳֽɱӭĴ󹷣һۿڰɵͻȻ󺰵ʦ飬ҵӣһɣ
ɽۿֻɵȻһӽ˦ײӵ
ܲյׯԣʵʦָô죿ȺôͻȻˣ
ׯܴķ蹷˵ΣӦڰвٿء
Ǹô죿
ׯ˼ã˵Ļʹ
˵գʱԾ𣬽裬ׯƣܵķ蹷Сͳŷ֮ǡ۷裬ѣӯ֮ϣɶ£ƮȻء
½ԶֱؿϷ£۵ϲ磬ǶҪֵװдšʦÿʦÿϲʦ֣Ůһ㣬һĳЦԡ
ʦһ㣬ҲһͬԵҶ迴Ŀׯϣÿỵ̈Ųۡζ߬½Ǵ࣬ҧأڴʹķ硣
ĽȫԺׯָ⣬ѪΪ󷨵ϡ˸΢Ĺ⣬͵ķ蹷Ǳſڵͷ
ׯغ½ԶϽܹ֣۵˿ᴵʱѯ۲ۣׯḧԴҡͷ˵ۡ
һĻ㱻Ҷ迴۵ףеĲ۳һŭаӿ
վͥԺھĻʹ
ʱϣִ£󶯸ɸꡣΪֻزδˡ񣬽ֻһУҲԷСˡ
ɵĴ𣬽ֱָŭ֪ǿִɵӣΣСˣݣ
δشվɽǰɫ


89 Ϊ
˿, Ż, ˿ȴͻȻܲ졣˷׷ͣеĻƣͷͷգȴŨصĺһֻ칷̫
ɢãȻ˺ʲôҪһ㣬׷ĻھӼ以, һΪǰնʧļֻǶԷ͵ģһΪղϻţǶԷȥˡ˫, ͷҪƵԷΧǽ
ɷŹӣ, ʲô۶ͷ, ˵Ϊз֮Ȼ빴, ֱظʵ·, ָһ¶ѡ
˽, ѧӿΣѣϷݶ
ֵϣ, ˤ·ϾͿ˭ùԷϣ浽ƾ޾Ҳ˵, ֻưͳԻҵ⳥
СڣԴγãͷ⣬ǿǿĵ꣬ӣ̹ᣬ˭Թԡ
ĴҲʼüҩĶҩĳ䵱ϵƷ˿εظ߼뵱عٸ֣һߣʱ͸׬ǮˣҩרУҩĶרУǿۣҲֻܴʶѡ
һĻĻֺ壬㷽ҵǳݵ÷ˮȫǼĹ
ֳ۵ףʱ֮ϣƣеվһǣӽ²
һáĻŵƣҡͷƺŲȤ
ʱվʵǣ
Цһ̾ϡ
㿴
˵գ䣬ѹǣһɴһıǰӹ
̼䣬ŻִͻȻ˸Ѫ⡣
紵еĴ
ھӿͷδƵΧǽǾֱԷ˶ԷԴССĶᴩȫûһõĵطһֻɸӣѪ졣ԺҲû͵ǵĶˣҲûˣ
Ӻۣ˵ɷѪĽͷءÿնȭˣ˿̵Լ£ĵĻᶼûСԺҲûԼˣ
ѧǺｫϣȼµĿҶճһѻҽֻкãԺҲˣҲûýߴˣ
˽˵ֽŰﻹһʯͷͷӽ߹ԺҲûвҪ˶թˣҲõ£Դ󷽷Ͻˣ
˱һȺũϸ˿ڣƤֻᷭѻͷ󸩳£ʳ˿ڡũǻȸԾҲû˿ǵѪǮˣ
ҩڣһȺزĲŲǽɸõҩļ尾ˮףɫڣѪοһЦԺҲû˺ˣ
ϣ縡ƣһںҡ
վں󣬿Ž·ˣв⣬ʵк⣿
һЦȻ㿴粼żһɱٿأ֪Ϊ𣿡
ҡͷ´
һصΪ̫ˣߵרʣΨǿ߲ӵϣ
ӭϵ֮󣬰Ȼǿˡ

΢΢ףƳİһۡ
ǣ
Ц¶һ˿¡
ҪĸԸ
ɡˣ֪⸱ӣγ
븺ֶʤȯյ̬߸ϣ·ض֮С
ٿ
䣬ֻѹǵĺصʡ
ȺˣѪɫˣ־ָҲٹη硣
ǻָǰʵȴ޷ܡ
ھӻع񿴼űѪģʬ壬ŵӵĳͷͶңΧʬתڵϴ
ӾеӵĵŽű촦ɷ򣬻ֵѪźҡȥɷʬ壬ɷ
ѧǹʹޣ
˹ˮ߿ͷغԼĸĸס
ũԼɱˣֱǸؽǵʬᡣ
ûдǿˣһڴڡ
븩ӻˣ˵еĶѹֵ̫ǻᲡġ㿴ǣйһκǲɶˣ
̫ˣ籾úôɨһ
˵գֻٶӶ䡣
Ժڻǿʬ徹Ȼʼϣ촦ɷͷ­Ҳʼָԭòһѻҽ𽥻ָԭΣ˴Ӿס׸Ƥⶼʳ˿ʼѪ⣬׵Ĵ򽥽ס
һغȫھӡӡѧˡũ񡢲ˣЩھӡɷˡˡҲϲָֻڵģ
ʺŨһ˿Ӻ͸֮ϡϲ֮ʣע⵽վܵĺ룬׷׹ڵ׿ͷ
󺰣٣л֮
л
һ̧ͷ͵˸߸ϵĺһۣڼѪ裬׳ŵӣ߶µһ䡣
ʣǡħ𣿡
ͻȻһƬž
֪˭ǰһںţ˿ͻȻϵش󺰣𣬰ҹ޽ħ٣ҹʥ⣡
ħħǰϣҹʥ⣡
ԭΪɲǱӻϣû뵽֮ǰȻ£ջɣޣǱСˣҵħȣȻʧɱˣ˵壬лħˣҹʥ⣡
ͽԸϰݷħ𣬳ҹʥ⣬𣡡
ҹʥ⣡𣡡

ӽˣ˿Ϊ·һо֮СϹݵˣͷһ𣬾þòƽ
ɢӰлʧ˵𣿡
ҪΪ֮ƣȳΪ֮񡣡
筺ǣߺѹǣɽҡض߻صŭڵϰշ׷ͷ˵ɱƺһ㣬ҪԷϾɱʹ졣
ׯõĶ漴ȥ˽ҶҲŸãͻȻкŮӵعͷµ󷨣ٳδеѪŨء
ڣׯʩܿƵˣɢɢڵĺ÷ķסš
Ϊ󹦸֮ʣͻźԺͣׯͣϻغԺȴһȺٶȷ軥˺ҧʱһҲƻ蹷𽥼
ߵĺŨܺӰ죬Ⱥ˫۲Ѫ˿ƴһ˺ҧ
ׯ޲󷨣ͻȻ⹷ͲֹȮ࣬ƺȫۼլ⣬լΧ
űײ죬˨ɶһȺʿֱײľšһȺצţЩƶĤ
Χǽ⣬мֻĹǽͼǽ룬Ѿֻóѣվǽͷˡ
ׯѸǴǽ⣬ʱǧϤΧǽ֮ϣγɻſ磬ֹ蹷ٶȳ
ׯǧҪ뿪լߵǽ⣬ⱻҧˡʱȫܲջң˵û裬Ҫܣұ㡣
˵ű㿴ҶվλãȻȴûˣĴҲҲˣʵأ
ҲʼĴѰңĿ֮ûӰ
ȥˣ
衪İʦ֣
ܲͷ캰ȻǽĹͣӦ
ׯɻ󣬷Ǹȥլʱ㲻˿ҲںԺȥģѲǻطˣ
δ꣬ȴͻȻ򿪣蹷һ˿ͲֹˮһأĿⶢ˷·ڿ͡Ȯˮްˡ
ڵ蹷ׯɱֻý蹷ΡȮͣССĶȮƻܲսһȺұһȺұߵĴκͻȻϮһȺ蹷һӿϣܲңӰ磬Ȼּۿ죬Ϊʩչң޷Ȯ
ܿһȺ蹷ҧܲ°ڡЬӣĸ첲ܲվԭתȦȦͼ˦Ⱥ蹷ƺһ㣬ô˦˦
̲ܲסӻͳڹͷϣһŽ߿û뵽򵥵ĶԸȺɵҲͦõġ
ŸսȺɵһȺ蹷ܲ޿̣ƿڴˣôֻҧңǻţʦ蹷ôԽԽࣿҿ˶˹Ҳûôడ
ׯ֮ʣſڲӿĶȮɻΣڰвٿأӵ˾޴ԷС
Ȯһһεڵϵķ蹷ͻȻӵˡԴԴϣѣٴ
蹷δͻȻ𶯣ҡҡλΡ½Զ̧ͷߵׯ󺰵ʦֿ쿴
ׯѭ֪ķȥȴ߷һʯŨصĺоһζͻȻǿէʯѣһӰԾŭţƿն
ͬʱϣɵĶϣ˫ءͻȻϮͣ¶򲻶ϮĺɻȫȻ֪Ũĺд󾪡
ĪǣĪǡ
۳һӰݣΨЦʻص峤ա
ӰȻδСޣ뱾
δħ𣬵һ֣ͷһĪħ뼴
ɫһԡ
ָۣСˣɵӣҲȻħΣʵ㣡
δĻȻһ䣬ٳδʵı˿̺ȻգֱȻΣӰ˿Ӱ죬ЦﲻƳһˣڴ
䣬ɢʡ
ſ򽥽ȥĺͻȻתͷŭ֮£ɱزưոݣΪ񼫡ҵȽħ֮Ϊɨԩ
˵գŴڵӽʧĺħδȫ֮ʣշ
ߵıüͷص̫ʿ׺͹Բߡ
ɵʵΣΪǿڿĻʹб˰в⻹ʲôֵǣħҵĵ¿Ҫˡ
ħ
ʿһšδŵģ
ӦںҾ֮ʱ죬ȻδֻǻʶѣҲܵġ
ʿתĴָⲻΪȻȻٳٽȥǣʦֺα˷ġ
˵ס
üͷϳƲҵ
Ҳ֪÷ӡŷסⷨвͨˡӡ𺦼޷ڶΣֻ취޲ϣڴˡֻǡ
ʦĪģʦֲ˵ֻҪҵ־޲ӡֻҪǰҵ־ûˡ
һԣĿҡȣһԡ
ʿ׿ˣ˵ԩ޳ΪǽһһҰ
˶٣ǰַٸζץڽͷץһͽԳɵӣ֮ǰµİɼ޻ɣǲ
ʿװȻ׻صԭˣҿΣ߼޻ʦҪҪȥ飿
Ĭ˼ãŻ²µ֮Ǳ뾡ҵ־޲ӡԷħ
˽ԳĬ۵ʣвֻܼϣׯܾҵ־
ʿƳͷ˼аӿ
̸ʿȴδϻĮɷ壬ɽɻϣ֮һһ֮
ܿ죬˷׷ۣ˵ַΪֻһֻû뵽Ǹ𰡣Ȼִ˺ɵСӣˣӴǰ֣ۺ֮鶯ִ֮Ҫ̻֡
ܱأ˵ҲʲôöΪޣ̬
û뵽Գɣλ֮ףȻֹ˺ģ
ʲôĻ£ΪԼ棬ɸû뱣ֻΪ˾ϣѣӹ͸ˣܰɣҲգ


90 ɱ֮
ڲɵҥ֮ڰ, һʱ֮Ļ̻, ԺΪ׷׷ҪַͲɡ
Ŵ£ǰĮɷҵ7ʿѯȥ
ڶ˸˼ʿ׶ϵĲյһڣһۣ˵ʦΪβֱȥʦʸף
˵ġ
棿
ʿ׶ϵ仯, ʦΪʦֲ˵ѣʦõֻҪһࣿ
ƿ, ͷĬ
ʿ׿͸ص˼ͬһ˿ʶһš
ҲΪ֤ʵ, Ȼ, ֻĸ㡣
Ȼ̧ͷӣ㷲, ֪ڴǿ־塣
ʿ׷вյ˶, 롣
δ, ȻѾˣҧȥһ·ߵڣ֪˰Ǵһһƽ߱, ͷѪԼĸԸҲԹ
аӿüͷ, ԥԥɡǡ
ʿߵԣݸһŷģ˵ʦ޷¶ģȥһ˰ɽɣʦܣһбд𰸡
Դ󾪣ԭΪʦѾΪˣΪλڰ壬ɽʲô
Ŀԣһʧɫһȴʤȯա
ʱ筺ڣѳ˳ֽ֮սڵĶȮ࣬ĴҴ˺ҧϵİգйϴţҲᱻ蹷ײŴٿݶƬڽϳһȺȮһӵϣʱѪģ׹ɭɭ
˲ֻׯһ˽ӵլſ磬ʱӻǵİȫ˸ϵլֹѡ
ſڣ¶һż۾缦Ƶת͵ѹץϵĶ֦שߡ죬±պϽ±ȥ·ϱ蹷ҧʬҲץԵ
Ķٶ۵תͷׯˣͻȻһҧҶÿ죬ҧݶլ̼䵹
ׯѽź漴ֽ޴ϡкᣬΧȻɱӽű߷֮ϣѪķʱ顣
᳤硣ׯսʹ׼ѵȻȥؿڣһ·£룬ƶǣѪʪһء
ѵײײƤڷҡΣ֮㵹ز𣬿°ĭһϢ
ׯ߶ͷ­һȻ±û˶
һʣׯϵνѪҺ
½ԶЦſſ˵ͻȻĶɫ󺰵ʦСġ
δ䣬ׯоµ𶯣͵ػعͷһֻƺȻӭѹץס
һֻµѴӵϵʬԡѪһ㣬ץׯҧһ֮
ʯ䣬ׯۼֿսסҧļȤҿɲ
˵գһԾվͷͷ­ٶȽ룬Ѫɽ
½ԶȻмֵģׯӯ̬˲ʤǣ۵Ļϲдšʦֺʦֳģϲʦ֣ϲʦˣ
֮ׯԶʬ壬½ԶϽϸϸؼƣׯ˵û¡
ȻδƬ̣ǰʬٴ˶һֻµѴѪģĲض㣬ˣһʱѿһ޷졣
ׯ֮֮ʣɻ󡣰˵Ѳħûв֮ϹҲûΪɱ
ɱΪɱǷԭֻǵĻǣԴԴϵѴӺζ
ѲѸٷܣ˵ģֻǻʶ̳ˣ
Ӧܣ֪޲ûⱳڲٿء
ҲãȮҲãⱳһвΪ֪ڲٿء
ׯ˼֮ʣץסɽ᰺Ҷ裬ܲһʱļΣգڽ¡
ׯֽϣûл֮ٶʱͻȻһӰɳһʮ׳β̸´ׯ
ۿ̾Ҫ½Զһʦ֡ܲ˵سƿӭĶ̡
ׯۿΧľ׮׳ĶۿҪ̽½ԶţҪѾͻȻֽţԴһƬհףŶ̼ᴩ½Զ塣
ͻȻһ͵Ķ̡ׯǰס½Զδؽ§Դ֤ʵһ
СôûˣҪ𣿡
ׯ§΢΢ʲô⣬ֻԼھζ
½ԶɫЩףⲻȥ𷽲žĶǵһĻҲЩͷƤ顣ʵµҪۣҲʦ֣Ҳ֪ôֻҪ漰ʦ֣һǰ޷ˡ
½Զׯգ֪һ˼ְֺοûˣʦֲ޲ޣСű㡣
˵ű˫ִѧƽʱԼӣ׾ḧԴһһ滹
ׯ̲סЦغ󣬽¡̧ͷȥҶæĴʯ£˵ȥˣҶܵ㣬ɲˡ
ҶεЦҼ춯ȥ˿ʦֵıǸ˵Ż˫ֺʮǸĶ
ɱѣȳܲɽᰣҶƷϣǽ̽ؿڡɳʯ䣬Ŀԣջض̣ؿ߲δ·ڼɵʲô
ǽʣҶ迴ĶӵıӰһĨҵЦݣعׯЦӯӯʦ
½ԶĵЦݣԹдšҲˣʦЦûϵ
ҶЦ߹½ԶׯõػʦֵȻ
ʦǻȥɣߣ
˵תׯһЦȻƵק뿪
ׯʱһͷˮȻû״½ԶٿҶ裬δʸױ㱻½Զߡ
ҶվԭأŽʧĶˣҲգЦݣֻǶׯȴǱζ
ҹׯ½ԶͥԺУڷϸϸȷ½Զȷû˺ׯųװġ
ȻԼӦģԺˣһˣ
½ԶҲǰֺٰĸ첲ҡΣСҪһ㡣
Ҳ࣬˵ʦֲҪˣҲʦˣԸҡ
ׯԼϣ̾˿Ҳ˰
֪ǹ⻷֪ǲ֮ӡӳ֣֪ԸΪԼ𣬵ȴȴ룬һ˿һ롣
½Զ§ӣţСૣʦֲҪ᲻ãԸΪκ£ҲãֶϽҲãҲԸΪ֪ڵң㰮ңƫңңֻҪ֪һֱߣһֱңΪʲôҶϲ
˵գͷׯ˫˸ǹ⣬ϲЦʦֻһֱҵǲǣ
ׯͷЦãסͦıӣûκΰ취ֻܽеͶǳ磬Ҳ㡣
½ԶϲЦֱ׳Ҿҡ
ΪΪ
ɫŨ
ֻ⻨ԲһĻĻԱһ˫һš


91 º
, ׯ˽Ҵ߽ӵլư١ΪֹѺͶȮ, ڴլĽǻ󷨡
һа׵ҶׯһͬǰԸһ̽
ľŤŤżϣҳ鲼ݶשϡϡɣ֪˭ͱ˼󶴡
˾߽, ȴʯϿտҲԭʯ񾹲֪١
ôʲôûа֮ǰҲ
߽ܲʯ, Ļҳ
ҶԴɻ, ֮ǰҺʦʱ, ʯġ
˵
ָָܲǰʯҶʮֿ϶صͷ, ʱŵˡ
ϴα֧Ŀ־ǰⱲӼʯȵĶ, ¶Ҫ˱ᡣ
ׯ漴ǰ, ʯвɡʯϻҳѻһ֪ǻķáŲ˳صʯ񣬼ԷǿʯҲлҳ˿, ΪһۼûУ
ǡ
ʦ֣ʦ֣ʲôô񡣡
ܲׯļε˼ϡׯعͷһ, ˵ûʲô˵عŹ֣ǵġ
ڹԸϸѰʯɽᰲ鿴ڣܲܵݶ
ʱͻȻ̣ׯһƼŹ֡գỤ̃
룬ׯѭŰ̵ķ򣬾ֱɽ
½Զׯʦȥȥġ
ҶҲԶԶŶˡ
һǰһ뿪Ը̴Ӷ´ׯվ±½ԶվԣקΨȥʱʱʲô
Ҷվڶȴĸ飬ζؿӰãĿׯϡ

ׯľعͷʵôˣ
Ҷ辪ʧصͷĴѰңͣطӺᶼҪ˵ҵӲˣϲһ֧ڲ˿ô찡
˵գܵ½Զߣץĸ첲ίػ˻Σ˵ԶҺòãֻ֧ɫҶǸҰɣ
½ԶܾׯҶҲͰ͵ؿػʦ֡
·ֻ˵СţׯһҶ裬½Զ˵ȥɣҵ㡣
½ԶֻʱعԸҶѰ֧ӡ
ӰʧڣҶ跽Żż޴˿̻һȲʤȯģޣǰׯıӰ
ׯߵ±ߣһӣԾ𣬸£ͷס׵Ķºɪɪ̽Ҳûκη֣ȴͻȻӿİסϽ
Ҷ޴밲ӦѾһʱ޷˿̱Ǿѵʱ
ֿͬɵõ̰Ŀ⣬һһǰ
ׯӦ˿̱漴ջء
Ȼרעµ׵״ʱȴ˿ûעĶҶߵ˵ľֻߡׯͦεĺ󱳣֣ıӰֻܽ¶¡
İʳѪĶԣֻữһѰ׹ǡ
ҶǲһĨЦټˣʦ֡
ʦ֣
ʱæϵ½Զһׯ漴תҶҪѸջ֣ѾҼױɣԴ󷽷سķʦֵͷˣ㿴ˣϵá
½ԶǰһƿԹ߿˵ԼׯͷСֹʦôñͷ
ׯδӦʱ˰̵Ĳƣʡ
ҶµӣֶڴϲʵԶҵҵҺż
½ԶƳдŲã·һ̶á
Ҷӹӣظ˿ظպգΪҲҲˣллԶҹȻûпˣ
˵գ㻶ϲϲܿˣ·𷽲һжûз
½ԶıӰһֱԶܾòԾ˵ﲻԾ
ׯԴʵʲôأ
ûûʲô
޹۷筺ǲ鿴Ȯ;УͻȻһŭѭȥֻͷ­һ·񱼡
٣ʦˣ
׷
ׯ˽ѣѲˣ쳤Х³ͷ­תſڡ
˼̷ɢѵľ룬岢УΧѽšׯ߶һԾϣͷ｣̴ԴͻȻѹץסӣׯӯһת˸ա
˼ܲͷңᴩ׳ۡҶɽΧĽűߣѸٽɱ½Զӭϣš
ŭض㣬̧͵ű߶ˣɽҶ˲䱻߷ɣײϵľʯڵϡ
Ȼվԭض˶ӣܲĲȣһŲȿմͷˤ䣬ڽŵףׯۼֿѸٷӿһԵľʯϡ
׳̴Ծƹѵͷǰ½Զ
½ԶϮ俳϶̣Ȼ֮䶾Ѹϣ³һµβ͡
ѻսˣսׯ˼Բߣ½ԶȻ𷽲ڹԸʱĶæʦ֣ʯϺһЩ֣᲻Ƿӡķ
ׯͷʹ׷ǷعԸ½ԶĿյ֮ׯûڣҵŵʯ
ʯҳѻѿķ϶г̦ԵϸŤķšׯʯڣʱǿէʯķӡ˺ɢܣС
һǿ죬ʯҶͷŭŰ׹⽥ˣѵ忪ʼʯʯʯϡ
ʯλһпѾ󹦸ɣ˼ɽ筺ǣΨҶǰعͷһ۱סѣһĨЦ
ص筺ǣׯܲɽϽֲ鿴춯ѾûκˣֻֻȮεˮֱ·ֻѰʳһ١
ʱĺլڣ½ԶϲϲڳæţϵųŻõ黨ΧȹǰѾ⼸յʳĶˡӦоУҪʦϲر࣬صģĿԲС
½ԶƿǣʢһСܣ̵ãһͿԳˡ
ĵͬһ㣬½ԶãС򵥵ġԴϴвˡ
Ķ½ԶתͷſЦʦ
߽ˣŻЦӯӯ½ԶʱһɫװдŲˡ
˲ׯȴҶ衣
ҶŵƮζֱˮյˮرߣʯש½Զ˵Զʲôѽ㰡ҶŶˣ
½Զûɫˣˮ󣬲ֲǸԵġ
ҶƲƲ죬ȻҲˣǲõת˲ţĵԶҿһҶôˡ
½Զľת߻̨ҶͻȻ§סӣŲߡ
˿̶ʱŭգһ˿ҲԷĥûˣ½ԶתѸסĲӣ˵ˮرߣаӿĿһУԭü۱һɺ֡
ϸü΢ʹҶ˲Ǻ죬϶˵Զҡҿˣ֡֡
½Զͷ˫ڣŹЦ⣬һһ٣ãһ㡣
ʱ⴫Ų½Զ²Ӧׯˣ漴ջַľ裬ϵ׺һɨϲſӭȥ
ҶͬĶһֿѸŹס½ԶĲȣ½Զ漴ǰһˣѵһֱߵľڵϣϴõ߲һأ·ſڡ
ɹׯűߣһ㿴ǰڵϵˣ½ԶʵʵѹڶԷϣҶ蹴Ĳӣⳡ棬ֻе˾һ⣬˿ȴԸӡ
ǡ
ׯվſڣϵĶˡ½ԶѸȴҶܵߣӿߵʦˣ۸ֻʲô԰Զģ͡ʦҪΪһһδĹǧʦֵ֪ȻȻǻοңָңʦ֡
Ҷ˵Żᣬĵȷȷ˲Сίͷ˵ضۿͨ죬
½ԶȻҲֳϣָ˭ܽù˭
ʦ֡
½ԶҲһίͰ͵ģͷĴ·˴µȴ𷣵ĹԱ̧ͷ˿ׯ涣˸ŵǹ⣬СûС
ׯסҶļ򰲸˼䣬㶣طЪϢҶɵصͷ۾뿪
һׯ̾˿ϵŻľ¡
½ԶԶﾹмֲίعʦ֣ûУ
ׯ⸱첻ģסЦҶңο
½Զ仰ʱЦׯϣŲͷ۾Цڸˣ
ׯգ˫ֻΨȥˤȴʼɡ
ڻûЩʧִҪСţΪνȴٰίԼߣȫСţһϲ𣿽֣ʵڷ֮š


92 ɫ
ҹ˾, Բź, 紵ңžҹɳɳ죬Լѳɷ筺ǿлصֵϾ޿ʯأдȼպĻҽ
ƣһҹ˽ߡ
ʱȾͷ, ġ֨ѽһľŻ, һӰźͥԺ
Ҷͷ鿴Ƿ˷, 谵ڲδ˵Ӱ, ֻʯ̶Ҵܵ㡣
ƹСʯ̶Ҷӽ, ⿪ϵķӡҹҴլŻر, ˿һӰȽ, ʧķ
ڵĴС̺ѳ̤ΪƽغеҴ߶լѡҶһŮӵ, ͻȻͣ½ŲȻת
Ṧ˵ã˲ݶ, ûб֡
ҶȻûпˣȴһЦ·֪˭˿̲δȻأƺһ㡣
˿Ҷȥ
֮˴һԾ£΢΢ŰĹ⣬ׯ࣬Ҷ轥ʧıӰпʼ²⡣
ṦһִڣڲڵеһǷɣҲ֮硣ҲҶǷֻܲǸӦƺʮֿ϶ͻȻ֣ߣ˭
룬ׯԶӰ밵Ҷһ·߹հ˹գʱĴҴΨֱ֣ʱ½ŲȴϹׯѷǹΪ֮ǰҲȥۿһ뻢Ѩɵûӡ
ǰ·խ谵ֲָׯʶ̽·ͷ
ͻȻһУʣڳŵĺҹ̶
ׯӿŲѭϹȥС·ۣƹ˺ü䣬ԶĹչһ䣬ׯȴͻȻסǰۻ֮ȻǻķϵĹԸ
ڵƻͨʯԱŰյƣȵذڷʯϣľҲƾɲбţ˱Ҫһ㣬ƺ̫
ׯѰҶӰȴټṦҪһ˾вأΪλǡ
δ꣬ͻȻһͣׯϸֻһֻڰĴſڵϣʯͷ̧ͷǰʯ񣬿ˮһء
ͻȻ֮䣬󹷹ʹʯϣ˺ҧʯָ̽ʯȻʹһָҧϣ󹷷Ѿؽ˽ʯ￩֨죬ǿҧʽ
ǿۣ󹷵Ķ˸ǿҵĹ⣬ֻ֮ſڵطٴ󻺻Ρ
Һˣұˣұˣ
ָ˸߲㵸һ·񱼴
ׯ״󾪣ѲöȮָεİ취̳ʯ
δ֤Ϣһҹ֮䴫筺ǣ˵֪Ϣ˷ֱܵĴȣϵĹͷΧڽűߴת
ΪԼļ˾ָеİղ˴լΣգͷȺɽǰԸеĴҡβͣȻҲ˷ܡ
ׯͬȥԸҹڹŹ֣˹Ϊ֮ڴ˭Ҳ֪ˡ
һԵҶ裬ׯҶһ̹ȻģӭĿͷЦЦ·һж뼺޹ء
˽ʯŰΧ廨Э޴ʯϵϣеĹһӿ˵ʯϣ˺ҧ
ۿʯҪķѣҧ飬ͻȻһХɢȺ󹷣ѣǧʯΧ
Ŀɿڴ׷׿򳤽ˣɻʦǡ
ׯջذȻɽΣҲ֤д˷Ҳ١
ʲôΣʦôֵֹģ
ܲʦ㲻˵ôոˣ
ʦǾͲǿѨ磬ʦ˵ǰɣѽϽʯŪ飬Сǳȥ
㣬Ȼ

Ľʯԣ޷ӽùǻָİ취ֿɵãȴ˺һȺ˵ʱŭׯ
ׯһƽϢŭһֲݾߣһеİ취ģɵ˵ҳŵպ󣬲ʯ˻ָ
һȺƿԣȻʦô˵ǻ˵ʲôٲŲŵԵԼһһˣ˭ǡһȨ֮˴ӦׯҪʱʯ񣬿ųͷôɽľôɽһȺ󹷼βͻظ
ߺׯ˲ŸɽҶȴһ棬ǰгģ˿̽мֻң·ȱļƻͻȻϣҶֻׯͻȻ￪ʼ㷲
֪ׯٴʲô⣬ֻܾ䣬ʱټвС
صլҶ˼ׯпܷԼԷ뵽ĶԲһһһ飬Էһһ¶ȫˡʵ϶Ǵ򲻹ׯģıԣǶ˲֮ʱ֮ײɵӣ˳޵ľׯк͡
Ȼƺ㲻㣬Ҷҹ˼ǣ۲ׯһһǶûн˵Ļϡ
óԷͳԷ˯˯ú½ԶΣصˡ֮ûһ㣬·˵ĻֻǺŪˣձա
«ﵽʲôҩ
ׯ״򲻶ҶׯܺɺĲãٲʱʯһоͰ׷ˣɴ뾡ʯ󻼡
ҹ˯ͻȻһ쳹լ
ׯѸƿ𳤽ԷȾͷǸطǡ
裡ôˣʲôˣ
ܲҴææһ·ҶԷͻȻһ᳹ʣһӰҶԷܳԾݶʱ̤ݡ
Ȼһܲȥ·ܲһת²ȣˤڵϣʯ׹ݴ
ׯͷѣɻѾʯΪδ˿̻ͻȻڴլҲ˵Ƿ˰ʯӡլѾſ磬γƽ󷨴ģ
Ѵض㣬Ŀͫ׶ݺݵصׯ˲һֻ͵زԾ𣬾ֱŵףʱѪֱ
۵֨ҽУŭһֱߵķݣһɱȥ˽
ϡѻͷ̷˻ƣӰζϸĵӰԸڲյĵƻָͨưܵģ
̽Χˣبǰģ߿µ·ǰˡһХڰдܶ˫˸׽Բһ㣬ʱǰʱϮ
ŨׯɢỤ̃һŨ𣬽Χ֫һŴͷӡ
ߵСׯΧˣ־ģоһůйƤ򣬻ϵʧ
Ũȫȫ֣ׯ˫ȷҡҡλΣǰͻȻһӰ߽
ׯۿˣסˡ
Ŷ
ǹһĨЦӯӽׯϷʵ֪ң
ׯۿأ㵽˭
˺Цվׯǰ˫ָǰ㣬һ ֺõģ谡Сʦãʦֲ𣿡
ׯЦһһţ
ҶЦҲ˿⣬ڴ˷ܡ֪ʱһű˼ȥ̷ǰѱɳģ
毺ãɤе°ͿҶѾˣԺҾʦá
ׯٴЦһͻƽ磬ȴƺһѹƣ⡣
ͻڵʱͻȻһͷӹׯһͷ̼ƤѪ졣
ջسޣϸ棬Цҵĵ̣ң˭Ҳȥ͹ԹԵһֻСɣһһʹ졣
˵գٴλӶׯ㣬κ⣬֫󲡳һ㣬ҡҡλƷвҶ˼Σջû޺ϣʱһ˿ڣѪҺʪǰ½󣬶ǰ亹֮ɫ԰ףͷϸϸ
ţ籩עϮׯİ˲ѪɫȾһ޺ɳ׵ѩʢš
ջسޣָպպϵѪҺһЦߵׯǰȥ֪ҶԸʲô𣿡
ׯ۳Ĭ
ӵضņ̃°ͣζԸϣĴʦׯԶʧϣԶĨȥ
ǣĺʦԸΪʦֵ㣬вж
ׯȻĬ
ָ֣Ħü۹ǣϸÿһ缡̾ǿϧһ˿ε
ҸˣҾǰǲģѹǸС˳㣬ңҲԸĶ͸㡣طҶˣӲ缰ʱ֣Ҳÿ
ׯڻۣҰ׵ûһ˿Ѫɫ촽գŵ״˿ȴ˼һ۱úϧ·һ̣ץסת۱š
ƺҡסĲӣֲȥϵѪͺЦΣԸҹˣ
ׯṴ𣬴ӱǻһ¶ˮԵάϵʱһ飬϶һˣ϶ˣϧֻƬ̺ûǲˡ
ΪȻׯƺ࣬Ӧ򵥣ҲԺҾͺúðڴˣһɾ£᳾£Σ
ׯҡҡͷοЦأ֪ܻʱպ㳤أձ㱻ĸȥҪΪһӣҲûҪģԺֻܿŲܳԣҪҵ
࣬˶٣Ƭ̣˵ûа취ֻҪʯ񳹵׻ٵұܳͿ๫ˡ
˵գ¶СŮģſׯͷָһƳ棬ʢ˵ƴ˿ȫȻ˵ģмׯõ˼
ׯһСʵΪΣ
ƺڳׯԸ˫˫ɵУʲôʲôʮ̹ʵȻΪҶ޽Ѫ״ʧҲԶάΡ
˼ǣֻܻһڻΣΪʯ񣿡
ѽѪʯϣָܻ๫ҪˣԺֻңֻװңҲֻҡ
Ŷ
ׯϵʱһɨ⣬һЦͷ˫٣üĿ£һ˫һ΢΢һУ𼸷а顣
ҼᶨǸˡ
ɵؿϵѪʧŵ˿Ѹϣǰʤѩµʤģʱŵ㣡ƭң
ׯͷ𣬴ɢƵİۣСҺΣ
˵һӣԾ峤գâɱ磬𱩷ɢ̡ܰ
ŭģճޣݺׯƫͷӯһ㣬ָסЦ
ָʹ˲ķѣزˣŰתΧѸٽɱ̼Ѫķ촦˸΢ڿиۣһ䡣
ׯһ䣬ջذ񲯡ʧ˻ϡ
ԸڣׯóѪʯʯ߶󷨣Ȼҡҡ׹ʯѳϸ죬ʯ齥䣬¶Ҷ˯
ӴҵţǰŵùǺ裿裿ѣüʦ˵裿
ʦôѣ
ׯƣδк쳣˵Ǳӡ̫ãȽլ취
úúã
˷լׯѸٷذ壬£壬һΪ£˯һպѹ
裬ˣʦֵŷ꣬Ҫʲôʧҿɾһغˣ
ܲ§Ҷʹ飬Ҷ󱳰
һׯɫ԰ף˵գȬٻɽ
лʦ֡
ܲȻǼ۵׷ڣƣӣв̣뿪ԷúϢ
˷׷ԶҶ迴ſյԷһĨζЦкѪ


93 ʱ
ʯ, ʧ, ڵĴѻָׯõ־ذ壬ǰȴŻָȺһҹ֮ͻȻС
оͰ˵Ķӣ˸ϵʱ˱ʹ˫Ѿ޳Ѫ˿ľϷ, 㲣һԡ
ׯ, ǰͣյ, ڵİոм, ȼϣʦ, ǵļһġ
ׯܲɽ˲鿴ڵж߲δк쳣, ɫƽ, 񣬼ȲжҲǱıɱ
շ筺һƬ, ˿ھⳡƽ٣ֻʣ׸棬ʧһ, νֵ⣬Ϊˡ
鿴ƣׯ˴𰸣ɫ˷Ҵլһ̽Ը
ׯ뿪ã߻ԷŸչչȣȴҶԼԷȥסǷɫ֣ѰԼǹڶڡ
ׯ۲һһҶ˽ӽŵſڣƿľšׯһҶŵĶѰ֮ǿֵزеβݡ
ΪֶβѵȻжڣСŷѾΪɼꡣΪҲУ
ׯɻ󣬽ϣϢǽ͸϶Ҷβݻһϸ˿ͷϸ۲죬Ȼ׷
βЧޱȣڳ˶ԣȴ޿ɽοǰѾùٴβݵĶЧͬ˶ġ᲻֪ԼѾùβˣԽ֮٣Ҫأ˭
ׯ˴Ծݶ˿̲ݾߣ罫ƾͼƣ߳
գׯٶԸһԭеʯѾʧ֮⣬ʯҲȵذڷԭأԵ̵ķȻʧ֤Ҳûҡ
һаȻׯ򿪵־ͼ̽Ļࡣԭָİֻ֮ΪʯƵ̫ãԪѾɺľѾʵ졣
ˮʯˣ޿κΣڵİյ֪ʹ׷ͺڷˣеĶûˣٳǱ
ׯ˿ԼΪˣʰǻɽͻȻ֮䣬һͷĿѣׯҡΣ֫ͷҡ
½Զ״ŵøϽǰʦôˣɫôѿǲˣ
ܲأʵʦô񡭡еңʲôˣ
һ˵ȷ׷Χеʦôˣǲ⼸̫ۣ֧
ǰǰʦΪǵձʵ࣬Ƕ߰ɡ
ׯڰ֣޷ϢƬ̾ûˣǲͷλ
δ˵꣬ʱоһ궯ģǰڣͻȻιȥ½ԶԲѡ
ܲѸٸϻذ壬ٸȥһ𵤡½ԶչׯҩһֱڴߣﵣׯƣΨҶѰ½ԶûֵĻᣬβݵЧóʱ䲻ץסʱС
˰գڼ½ԶŴӷڳԶʧҶŴӺʧձׯڡ
ҶĿԷͷ²鿴ȷ˺ŵƿš
ҩ磬ϴǳǳĺׯɫ԰ף˫۽գǰڣɼѪ˿ȷβá
ҶִǽŽӽߣȻׯ˿ѾϣȫʧСΪ˭֪ʦʲô⡣
ߵͣ£ҶŴϻȻ֪˯ˣϹһĨŰЦǽ׼ׯţټˣʦ֣
΢ǽĽӳׯϣһӰȻ£ʯ䣬ȻԻǽķâ
Ҷ豻Ľ˼ɻܣѾûΪΣΪΡ
Ϊνܶǲǣ
ҶȻ̧ͷŻڴϲʡµׯ˿Ѿɫ˿˵ӡ
ʧɫ֧֧ΪΣΪΡ
ׯһԵķеذɢҵĳΪΰȻݣ
ǣʦ־ʦ֣ףкþӴ֮λ
ׯݵشڡҶ¶һݣֽӭ̹ȥׯһ㣬ץס󣬽䷴ڴϣʵ㵽˭
ҶתͷϷʵ谡ĺʦá
䣬ߵ̽ħǺ˸ǿ⣬ׯһħ
Ҷһ߶ǽתʱϯݣѸնӰһлǽĽܱ⡣
ׯҶ󾱵ѨλͳķҶʱԵڴϡ
ԷĶܲеôˣʦǡˣ
ׯջذ´˵ħƣҲ֪Ǻ״ʾʦ𡣡
˵գׯͳӦǣӦ˸΢⡣Ӱǰ
ȥϺۺӣ˶٣˵޲ٿѾãʧһ꣬ħûռݻʶ±뾡һضʧһƻ꣬𣬱ҲѲǰҵָʾ졣
ׯ˳ԷѰͥԺĿյأָʾڵϻ󷨣֮ǣĿʶ֮ѰҶ趪ʧƻǡ
˵Ļʶ֮㱻һɰ֣ܲʶˣαӵľĵطǺö
ããأޣׯһ㱻һǿ紵ɢڲͬĵط˭Ҳ˭˭Ҳ˭
ɽһתͷһȺħͷ֫·ħƵȺħ
ׯͬһȺѻħ޾ϬӰ磬ʱѪķ
ܲߣܵİɢǰŢС·ϣУһ̲ˮȫһСϡ
ܲһ۱ƼԶԶ裡ʦ⣡
Сһʧǵģ˫ۿն񣬲δܲĺ˵ǲ֪ں˭һ˵ͷʬ·ε
ڣòͷ㻹մҶӲݣֱȼѣؾ࣬Ų·ϣű˿ڻѪ¶ļϻб˵ĺۼ
ܲߵȺŵسȥããһؼҰɣ
СãȻػ̧ͷǰĴ磬·һ̲ˮϢ
ܲӣ֣Ц벻ؼңߣؼҡ
СԥãͷĬܲٿԼ⻹Ѫ˿ڣջС֣ܲĴϡ
ܲϲ񣬽ǣС֣Ѱһȥ·ЦøˣǧҪ߶ˣߵ綼ҵġ
ĺܲǣСﻺС·ϣͷ˫ŻѪһѱ͵Ҳǹռ˵ģҪͷδη
ʱһߣ½Զ˷ɢ˼ʦҲӦĿͷƤ飬ͷӿŲǰߣֻϽȥҵʦ֡
ͻȻһŨɢ
½ԶϤ͵̧ͷˣȴͻȻͣ½ŲɻؿǰׯڵǰһϮѩüۼ緢ɶˡ
һжϤӣǿȴôİ
һΪ˸ĸоô֣
ͺǳʦֵȴʦǻȻͬˣ
½Զ㶵ؿǰһУ̨⣬һȺӹڵϣԱߵһˣѪۣòףͷѪ
½ԶϸǸ˵µӽſ˵ĵա
յĿ˱½Զԭг񣬵ǲ֪Ϊγź󣬶ʹһʮéޣ֫˵ὣ廨ò롣
Բ⣬˺ݺݵشſڵϣѪ
ɿˣ˸Ų
½ԶʱµֻۣǱúܺݡ˴ʦׯ½ԶڵϣңңƳһư׹⣬Ϊ١
Ŵʦ֣룬ŲʦĴׯΪţӣͣǫ˲ϲݺԼ¸ߴʦ֣϶Լİɡʦֿǲܻӭˣ϶ṫƽԴµӵġ
½Զ·ץסϣһ㣬ϲץסׯ䡣ؾİ˲ͱץסһںӡ
ʦ֣ǱݺģһҪ£
δ½Զ˵꣬ׯüͷ΢ɫʱȻһ˦½Զģǳˡ
½Զһ󼲷˦ף󱳺ݺһʯͷϣԴײ۷ڣԺԶ̸
ׯջطŵĲָƽյģǺЦձ俼ˣʦǱмѣʦ𣬽λ
Է׷״ϲȸԾлʦ֣ʦ·
ʦֱּ
ʦ꣡
ׯº͵ЦһڵӵĻȥû½Զһۡ
˿½ԶǰһУ۸׮׮һǶμ䱻ѣԭˡԸԳϲУˣЩңԶʦǺܲϲġ
ͻȻһ쳹ʣ½Զԭŵûһ
ǰïеƮһֻݣܲػš
ձ꣬½ԶϣϲһֻݡһȺСӶԶſα׵⽹ۣ۵֨ҽС
Ȼڴ֮ǰһԵ½Զׯվ£ָһȺС÷ݣԶָָ㡣
ԭΪԼղСĴˮԲųͷܷ
ԭԭһǡʦ֡
½ԶվԶԶģǰϤ£һۡ
ֿմɽׯĵι࣬ȴ˷ģԵڶŻȻյݿˣͻȻľʯҲʦ󶯵ֽš
ڽϣᴩϥǣʯѹȫ¶ѪԭΪԼûãһʯͷܡ
ʵʵ
½ԶؿڣҲûȥЩ棬ֻ۵·һֻ־ţҪ˺Ƭ
룬ûȥ룬˿̺ѣһֻŲӣ۵ģԴҲ۵ģۡձ򡢱ʯѹۣǧлۡ
û˵ģΪôۣ
½ԶڲܿƵشԴת
ͻȻϤ̲ס̧ͷȥ
ׯһϮڣŲյеһڣͷ֡ܲŸ첲ıģ˵һˣվ֪޿䣬ƵģǸ½Զ˭нģҼ˾Ͷġ
ׯвյִӣߣźĵ֪˭أֻޱװˣҲһķװһܺίģᣡ
ܲӣսЦʦ˵ǻҪЩʲô
һڣҿʵȱ⼸պɽǳвǻûҹõĶʱ
ʦָϴȥɽԺ½ʦܵõɣȫʦˡ

½ԶͷؽˣǰʧӰȻصŷŵĻһһ䣬һĶ۵ظ࣬˶һֻֽסеĹͷ죬·Ҫ˺ѡ
ܵģʦֲܻôһǼٵģ϶ʲô󣬶ƭ˵ģһʦֵĹϵ
Ǽٵģ϶ǼٵģʦˣһֱʦֻģЩ϶ǻġʦְƫһֱĲ
ǡǣΪʲôҪأ
ģߣȫŢۣ½Զ㶵ֲϱ飬ʧؿϵʪ
Ϊʲôأ
ʱܲѾҶĻǷأ֮ʧ˸ϽԷ
ׯ뿪֮ʣĳҭתͷȴ½ԶѾ޻½Ҳʪ͸
»ģڻþ￴ʲô
ׯɻ߽ԴСôˣô޵ôѹ
½ԶͷʪһƬֱͣᣬô꣬·Ǿ̵ĺˮһʼǽҧ´ϵׯܵͷ¶Ⱥ̲סޣ£ӿۿ°ڵϣؽʪһƬ
ɳƣ϶˵һΣһܿµΡμʵʵʦһ㶼ϲңңʦֲٻƫˣҺѹʦˡ
ׯѹҲһ֪ʲô϶ʮĵ£ҪԶĵЦš
ḧ½ԶԴׯغôأôСţ㰡㣬㺬϶ô㡣˲ˣζѣġ
½Զ޵ʣۿͨ죬ҿׯС˵ʦĲĻһֱһֱĲᶪһһʦ־뿪ң벻Ҫ˵ҡҲ֪ôܲѹ
ׯס§ĵغŻˡ½Զ𷽲ŵĻ͵ƿ˼ڶܣͷ૵ᡭŪġ
ׯ⻰ͻȻЩջ׿ʲôȻ˵ֻһҲʼż˵ĸԸĸԸ˼Һʱ㣬Ұ㵱һţ㻹𣿡
½Զ޵øʦֵ̹ʣʦֵİʦֵƫģмǡô΢Ż֮²ʦֵģǡã
ͣزᣬ½Զ۾ף϶سԲ𡭡Բ𡭡Ҳ޵ģġƲס̫ûˣֻޱӣװʦֿ϶϶ܷɣôᡭġԲ𡭡
ûˣֻʦ֣ĺϲ㣬ʦ˵ڵңĺܿģĵޡʦôãôϲʦ֣ҺʦңҺСûãҲʱΣʦΪʲôңϾϾһһֻ޿䡭
ҲһֱĹ⣬޵Բλ࣬ʦôãô΢εºʦ֡
½ԶԼСһ˵һֱĵ׵˼Ҳ¹һʦõˣ᲻᲻ٵˡ
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Ұ㣡
½Զ˵һ֣ˮۿתһͣ඼ƺֹͣ
ʦ֣˵˵
½ԶͰ͵³֣ãȻգۣŵĻڳأеĻҵϡ顣
ʦ˵˵ǣôҡ
һӵĻߣԱׯ»ȥ½Զ˫ۣײţֻüͨͨ
ׯµ˵ʱͷٺӣϣһǣǳȴƳ
紵䣬Сʯ̶Ҷ뿪ͷƮڿлĻߣӯת˸̶档յķ磬һҶ⣬ʡ
˿Ʒ裬ʱ䶼ڴ˿̡
½Զգۣ·һůȫĵ׿һһԭݲĻΪׯĴͣפ
Զʡ
ׯɿｩӲˣָĦ̺촽꣬ʯԭأҲˣǵɫͨ죬ؿЦʲôҪ˵𣿡
½Զ㶵ҡͷãȻգգۣƺǶɵ⣬Ѿ֪Լ˭
ׯһЦǣֱ֣ϲ飬ȥˡ
½Զδع񣬸ಽ֮⣬ԼʵѾˣֻһߡ
ׯıӰ½Զ촽Ҳ˵壬ʦ֡šҡҡ
ҶѾָʰƬ̣㼴̸ϻذ塣
ȻǷ˼ȴŨء֮ʣҶӲͷƤ½Զ֪ԼԣҲôѹˡ
½Զʰׯ·ҶЦʵʦ£
Ҷͷ˫ֽ߬½ǣδ˵ֻ﷢࣬Ҳĵεδ
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½ԶСģͻȻԼӰӣȻЩΪѣʼŶֻϲ
ûˣ½Զ·ܿׯ§ĸ첲ͷ̸˸ų⣬üۼ価ǻϲĻŭš
˶Ϊ־ʱΨ½ԶĲɡ겻ᣬҹҹÿʱỵ̈ڻյǡȻǳֹĴͣڴϣ̵졣
̲ס촽½ԶȴʼƤڴţһʲôʱأûһΣ


94 ɽ
ׯЯ־ذ, ԭѰ־ļƻȴҡ
ҥ, Ļ̻̣ɸִһڧֹԳ󣬾Ҳûκαʾ밵İռտڲᣬΪ֣Թŭ
һʱ֮䣬׷Ҫַɡ
Ҷ, һʱԹȥ̫Ȼ󷣹֮¡
·ĵǽĿ, ӶɳԭΪԼû˯ѿˡôһ, óϲСʦ, ȻҲ᷸
ϴɽҲ, ʦҲɽôаһιһ
ڵһãҹ˾Χ͵, ͳԼļҵ, ʼ²Ѻעһλ˭
ʦ㣿ܣı飬û, ôܻᱻٿأԸйҲʦᱻƻ󡣡
½ԶӦҲ, дʦֻţƣ£Ҳᱻ
Ǵʦ֣ˣ˭Ǵʦ֣ʦֶƻˣҪţ
Ҷʦ㣿ĻͬһϵҶʦûôɵӦòٷͬĴ󡣡
󡭡ֻ͡ʣ¡
϶Ƕʦˣˣһжжһο϶
ҲҲѺ
Ѻ
ѺʮǶʦ֣ɨһµéޣ
ټʮǮģ

ׯٵ̫鰵֮£筺Ƕﰵһһ֮ׯͷһ
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දңһħѲ˸ϵħ뼴Ѿˣ˵½Զӣһաڿ
ׯô£ׯׯ
ׯ˼½Զ飬˼ͻȻϣԻҵؿ
£
վǰֶؿׯ
ûУ˼ħͻȻһ£ʦ𲻾𣿡
ţ
ۺӵͻȻסأʵ˻
ׯƬ̣صħʵȷСӡ꣬ЭͻƽӡݻʶҵԪ걻ɢĺܸԭбȻ顣
ӦΪʦҲ⣬ʿסħһĸʵҲ֣ȷУЭ
λţֻʵǿҲħѣ֪ϹŽӡ֪ƽ֮ʦֻ֪һΪ֪һ£
ͷһ㵵ؿׯĿԣڼžá
˵
üͷǧ˼ȴ֪ôӺ塣
ׯҡͷɵǽӲ¶ۣһжֻǵӵĲ²ѡ
˵еɵأΪʦ̫ļδϸ롣
ͷϵīԭط·һʯׯΪϸ˼ǶԲȴͻȻ̾˿󻹿ЦԼΪʦˣճ𣬾Ȼ˰ͷԭ֮ǲ˥ϵģοΪڴˡ˭뵽˵ϾϣĹлǿ
˵ׯߵǰһ䣬ֻתڷһУ΢֡
ׯһ̫˲ɵһᣬɺɣΪ֮ףȻӵд
ׯ⣬תͷʦǡ
̾˿ƺƣһ೤ģǲ£ǷɣΪıԡƷԣΪ̳ΪʦοɺͰ㣬Ϊʦġħһ½ƽңȶ֮Ϊʦ㽫صиˡ
ׯͻȻоǰδеѹģδ̹׵£һʱ֪οڡ
ãԥʦʵһ¡
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δׯѻ˵꣬ͻȻһɧ⣬ʵ£
ׯһ»ʱǵԺ˵ա˵ڣܲԣ֪˭ܻ߳ӡ
ǰ亹ׯָƽյģ̫
ڵΧɽ⣬֮۲£Ͳһһϡ

ڵǰ׷һԣйƤ򣬷Ҫҧ˵ƶʱʧӰ٣ͷԵصͷҾʦ𣡡
ӰѸ֮ǰֶɽĲ֮͡
ɵĴɽջЯһȺܺİӿɽֱ׳Ҫɸ˵
Ⱥָܺƿڴʲô۶ͷӡ˵޳֮ͽ̻֣ǱΪ飬Ϊˡ
ɰν˫Žš
Ȼһ䣬Хɢˣŭ岻Ұ֮أ뿪
˲汻紵ڵأ澡ʧѸٴӵָ𺰵Ͷˣһ˵ģ֣һ˵ҵȾưոݣ
ϵϿκɽ紵Ĺ䣬ԶԶ֮Ʊȶ˲ɵľս
˫ãɴδ캦֮£֣ﲻǺ֮ĳ֮뿪̤밲벽
һᣬ￪ʼġӵɿɺɣ顣վȻѹǣУˣԺϰˡ
ƿԣ˿ﻢ£֪Ǻá
ҲһĪչŽͷӶʱʦո̸ƵƵͷ
޼ƿʩʹմظʱǰһָ˵ҵ֮ɣʱʵƷ£֮ϣҵķڷȻʱͬգɵʧʵѷڣΪ֮ʣҺڴ飬ѡ֮ףѡ߽ӹᣡ
һ˽Ŀ࣬ȻһƬ׷׿ţΪԼˣ˵ʲôȻ˵ѡ֮ףǺεȴ£
ܣλѵԶ£Ϊʹѵ뱻˴ż
۷׷ףͬ
վӦ͵ͬ
ͬһСʯӽƽĺ棬űǾκˡ
Ԫͬ
Դͬ
ãȻĴɽͬ˾٣㲻֮ҵȡ
ţɫأδһԡ
Żܣ񰵾ΣķħεӰ죬ħаڴ飬Ϊޣɱ޶ߣʸΪ֮ףƹᡣÿɽһ޺ȼšɻһö¹ǣ߻ʤڼ䣬ĿᣬֶΣͷ­߼ΪӮҡΣ
˽ԱʾͬͻȻʵӮнأϷֻ𣿡
ſˣ˸Ĺ⣬˶٣˵ǲɶͷ޻˵һһʹҵĴӮʤɲҪ֣ɢɾʹ˷ɽٽ
궯ֱ֮ӣϾǵЦʵΣ
ĵзׯ˿ׯϵıӰࡣ
ĬƬ̣Ӧʡ
ãպʽʼ
ų𹧾عҾɸǣ룡
ɽһȺѾʧɵСΣ˵ǱȽǿǱ׼㲻㣬ˣǿô죿ȥ˼СⲻǶռūˣ
ЩȽصĵǷ׷׿οˣλڣʦ֡ʦ֣µġ
ڵӿɥȥɨصȥɨء
ׯ˻վԭأܲׯüʵʦ֣ô죿


95 ɽ
հǰѨ, ơһźɽ, ӰڿƮ
ظ׵ϣϼͶħ磬ԸΪЧȮ֮͡
˶٣ͷЦǾǺú档
Ӧһ֮Ѽö, ־Ҳֻ־, Ǭһõ֮, ʱϱλ, ħ˹λ֮֮ںö֮, ܽӡϳ֮գһͳħ֮ʱ
˵Ժ, ʯеذϳ, ôǸҪˣһڴѽ
ѨڣͶ˳, ̸Ц䣬Ѿ
ʱİ, Ѿõ޿ʼѣҲ
βѩɽϣ󸲸ɽͷ̹ǵĺХѩ֮˼ͻȻѩɽζѿ϶̺ĺ濪ʼڻһ϶ӶߣȻ顣
һХɽӣһɫӱ̺кХѩΡɽͷȻ̮˫ۣŭţ³һһ󱩷磬ϯɽͷѩ׷һѿĺʱһһƬǽ塣
鵺ϵǣոоݺ͵涼ҡΣΪĸطʦħܣֲˣֻ±Ҫ࣬ԭΪǽĶ硣
Ȼڶգȴ֣ϱߣһűųݶңˮһı·ѩסˣһŲȥϥôѩ׷ɣɪ
СǸˣǳüչñ＾Ҳûգʲôû׼ι
׷ײ²⡣
˵ǲղΧǽײ·ɣԽͻȻ´ѩ
ȥȥȥϹ˵ҿӵģǻƵգ½ˡ
ǽôô֣Ҫȥһ󣿡
˵Ҳǣȥһħˣ·ˣΨħ顣
˵Ƕħȥһˣ
ߣϽģ

˳ȺǰǶݵħͻȻɫ䣬һӰѹѩ
һȺ̧ͷϿֻһͷһӼôĿŵɫס
ʺ绽̼꣬ѩݺˣԴһһӡһȺ˱ͷӴܣ׷ܻӣı㵽£㵽ȶ
ŭһȻ£ſѪڣҧסˣһһ׽±̽УѪڽ·ϣνڰѩǵ֦ͷۡ
ŵ۴ޣˢˢģһߺɣһ߿ͷԼһ·
д󣬸ӵͷĵˣһֻ֮һӰƶˣ˵ÿ³ߡʮߡʮߣϹͯһͯŮһģ֫ȫȷ£ܺûȻĻ
ֻӰ˲ָɰһѸȺһˣӼ̳һ߽ʬ˴ʧɫ˻ߵؼУΡΡͿͷش𣺡ǣһɵķԸɷŹһŹǣ
ʧƲУ˹ڵϿʼޡÿսͯͯŮ鵺ôôСԣУ⣬˭ãʲô
ŮǱԼĺʹ飬С֪ʲôҲŴޣǶһ治üͷǿʹࡣ
´鰵ԾԾԣһº׼ź졣
ղҲڳı£ׯ˵ʲ÷ɽҲ׷ǰɱҵа
һ徻еӣͻȻͱ쳣æµ˷ҲˣҲ˯ˣ׷׿ʼɽͷߣΪһСС޴֣ͷѪ˵첲ҲҪڴɸأûõͷ­͵ʴף˷۱
ׯӵձ㶯ǰ鵺
գ½ԶںɽɫһСӵĵ÷ҲԲ£Ҳ˯ã˶һȦһȦ˼ׯȻ׷̾
Ȼʦ־Ǵʦ֣أţʵ˾ǲһǲǵһԼúȥδӣǵһԼɽ˷ִ򲻹һغ˿㡣
ʲôʱҲʦһ㣬ˮڣԼСֻҪǳֹɡ
һﵱǧ˵һεĺƤңȲɸţǫͣʦЩϲЩŮҲĽѣͬҲЩСհǹ⡣
ֱôһˣƽҲ̫ƽүǻ·дʦڴˣǽӣһ΢ĹҲͱڸ˰ɣ
ǰЩŮǣͷ֮ʣׯֱ̫аȫˣЩʹС֡ëëŵʦǱ˲ſװܣ߶һλˣŻᱻдϷڿڴ
ԣգŮǿʼ룬֮ׯдһɲŮòİѻʼУҹ˾֮ʱȺںԺ͵͵Լ׫дϷ
ͷԸһ㣬һŮȻȻׯĽɫĹǣһ׷Ůһٳķ˫˫Ѽһɽеʱ⣬ЯȰΪ˾
֮ϷһԸû롣κδֻۣҹ˾ʱԼ㽺ڴģڰԺһжʵ֡
ʱƽţǵҲúܿġ
ʵǲпģÿÿþǧټƣΪԼȡׯĻʱһ˵ңĴʦߣÿʱỵ̈һˣ
ΪΣΪΣ½ԶǸëСΪܲŴʦ֣
ԣҲǽգ½Զܸоಣ·𱻼ֻǻ۾ţתͷʲôûУѲǻþ
ׯͬ˸ţ½Զʱܾüϲһѵζ
ձҪɽׯղɨˣںɽ˽磬һ˽ЩŮͷײǽڵʹ飬ʲΪ˲̣
½Զ𳤽һԵׯʵʦֲ𣿡
ׯ֦Ȼʲôõĵģû˵ĿᣬֶΣҲ˵ǿǵġʵ˲ڶ࣬һ˱ɽǴſ£ʱǣǣָ˭Ӯַӵˣ
½Զ͵˹סׯĲӣͷͷЦǵ⣬õʦˣ
ׯͷõЦͷһ̲סա
ʵǺܵģǵС£ĴɶѣΪ塣Ĵ±飬ʦȻ˵Ҳôǵġ̬أǣһȫңȻ֮ʧģħƳ磬ֱУ˴ԭֻδᣬ֪飬Ҫڳ
ֻǴ˿̣ʱ䲻ˣħɽѹţӣûƴҵ־Ժ󡭡
Ҳ˵ദӣָֻ⼸ô
Ȼ֮䣬Ĳô͡ԡ
ׯаӿﷺһ˿ɬˣʼЩᣬȻѶ޷תԳûܺúദʱҪһ㣬ٺһ㡣
ع񷢾ͷȴ糺죬ҧ촽ֹԥԥ֪ڴʲôС̡
ʲô
ׯԴϸ
½Զʱ̧͵ׯʱŵ棬ԥò֧֧Ὺڵʦ֣ǸǸϴڡ筺ǡǸǲǡ񡭡ǡҡҡšǲǡ񡭡Ǹ
ߣ½Զζ˵ڣܵγѪӶ쵽ӣ̵Ա˫޲Ҹطȥ
ׯ˵ֲ˵Цü۸ᣬ˫֣Ҫ𣿡
˵յͷסˣ֯ź
½Զɴ˫ۣ˲Ҫײšˡһȫըˣׯץţ½Ӳһʯ
ׯɿĴֻ꣬߼䡣
͡
ׯʳָ½Զ촽ϵ˵㣬Ҫô
ôһ˵½ԶŷԼһ͵³
ׯ촭ʱٶȥ
ŲŻϢȻң½ԶʶԾۼϣµҲһ
紩֣Ҷɳɳ죬΢΢ҡ֦ɣƬҶ˿ͣڼͷȻϸ΢ĲƮ档
ҶãׯŷſˣߵˮգЦ𣿡
½Զ粦˹Ƶҡͷл⡣
ׯ§ͷٴϡ
½ԶԼ۾ͻȻ͵ؽ˫ۣһȡ
ʦֵ촽ڡǡ
ԴκģȫûҪˣҲվȣҪһ̲ˡ
ׯо֫㣬漴һת˵֦ϣѹǡ
½Զ߬ׯͷ·Ҫţȫ顣
Ҷŷķ˿쵴ڽűߡ
ׯɿˣͷЦſ
½Զ촽ͷӭĿ⣬Сʵʦ֡Ժ󡭡ɲԡ
ׯǰҵ鷢𵽶Цϲ𣿡
ϲϲңҪǡǾһ͸ϲˡ
ҡҷˮ
ǣҲ⾲Ƴ
˶ͷ֣Ǽᴥ½Զüۣʦ֣ϲ㡭
Һϲ㡭


96 ƽ
, ˼ɽ, ̽ħǵָʾǰ鵺βɽĺϹ֮һС˲⣬໢º׼, 쿪ʤ
˸ʱɫ, ѩǣ·, ѩ, ҹСһҿջޣ̽
ׯ߽һҿջ, һ£Сشչ, , λ裬ЦǺǵʵλ͹ٴ⻹סꣿ
ׯӦһǫ͵ЦݣݵͷС׼᷿š
ܲŲ廰ҪϺõĿͷͷˣóԲǮ
, üλ͹⣡
Сľ󣬽Ĩһ˦̧۶żλ, ʵλ͹ٵĴŴ磬ǵõˣ
ܲյͷСӻͦۼⰡ
СٺЦŹƵλʦĸɰ
ׯǷӦǲһɡ
䣬Сɫʱ䣬ŻͿдˣͻȻءҡһ¼ϵĨ˦˦·ҲӬһ㣬ƵģΪ˭أԭǸĲʦ˼СطСݲ¼λѰذɣ
˵գСϵĲתߣȴܲһקסãҲܲ
ܲʹձ㽫ɵŭĿӣŵǲóþƺò˺ÿͷдүҲҵ꣡
Сŵû£ȭĵʦʦǼƹģ˼
ܲһɿĸ첲һƻӿԭǼƹģҪҪȫ
ǣ
СŲȥ¥Щס¥ˤ
ׯʧ¥̾˿תܲ˵α
ܲԼߵ̨һ̳ᣬ߻أԴ򿪸ϣЦҲô֪ҵӲͷαظɫǶţˣɴûһٺ٣ܻȥ
ׯյһڣͷ
̸䣬ſӿһȺˣСͬΧȥׯ̧ͷȺˣҲ˵أеˡ
ԭǺɵʦֵȺĻʹȫǶ˹ɣλʦǰϣ
С֪ǰǺɵӣЦϵӶһţææΪǵϲˣƹǰҲæ¥ϸ꺮ůоǸмݡ
ܲŸöˣƵƵۡ
λʦһ·࣬ͷԸ׼ϺõķΪλʦӷϴСȥõļͷʰԱ㼸λʦϢ
ǣȥ
Сƨƨߵ¥·ߵļλֱܲһקס
𼱰ҵ»ûأ
ܲӵƹǰŲյص棬˵˵ƹģǲˣҷŵĻȫԷˣ治ҪҵꣿУүھͲ
ֻܲһǰľʱһΪľмɽ
ƹŵûںڵΪ׵λϻ̳ϿֵʦҪΪ
Ϊ׵λӣӢΣ߳ߣһϮۣüĿǺִա
ǰһܲŭɲкգˣĳҪе
ܲͻȻЦյ˵Ҳ̫С˰ɣΪоҪܵƽ˵ˣҪеɴù𣿡
Ȼܵƣŭʢ򲻴ùһԱ֪ĳȫԸ
˵һȺֵӴǰճƹĶ˫νһҵǲˣԼͿˡ
˼һƹĴվ˫֮䣬ܲȭλʦдܣͷԸȥΪλ׼ϺõĿͷʦϢŭлú˵ǧְܶСϽΪ⼸λ׼ͷ
СվһԷԴΪѵƹģҲȥϵ᷿ס䣬ջʣ߼䣬ŷԸļ䣬ֻʣˣ⡭
ƹ﷢ëͷ͵ֹܲ⡭
ܲǵ̸Ǵ󷽡ƽ˵޷䣬Ͻȥʰ
ǣ
þƺò½½ܲһֻȣһֻѼƣ󣬻ѼڿбȻ˵ѽǶ˺õ㿴Ϊ꣬˼ĺˣһҹ֮ͱùѪͷҲǣվҲǡ˰ǵɷţǱȹ󻹲ҡ
㿴ǺɣʵأҲɡƷ°ɣҲûǺȥ⼸䣬Ϊǿе²ʲôˣǰķħս˲أһİƽǷʲô
ñ˭ߣ˵ΪԼ˵ʱµǺɵƣ鷢תǼϴԼϵˮɽìͷָҪ˵û˽ģ˭Ű֮׵λӲһˣ²ʱôǸƹͲңúôǵԴڶ
˵ܲݺݵҧһڼȣĿؾ׽·ҧǼλͷ
һ˵иطǺ֣ǷûУ
ʱͣĶ̧ͷҶһ棬ʵ֣
ܲ³ĹͷʱƼǶкü½ǲ¹˭
Ҷսʵ˭
ܲӵĹͷ֣һֻڿлӽƵıȻħŶǾȻħҿӻˣûӣ
ħ𣿣ǾȻħ𣿡
Ҷ辪Ŵͣһؿ༸λ
ׯɫؼ½ԶвˣΣٲ顣
Ŷ
Ӧͷš
һԵûʢűһ⡪ηַ
Զ׼Ҷɽһ䲻ɣׯ½ԶһҲû飬ʣܲһ䡣
ȵȣʦ֣治˯۸ɺþûޱˡ
ܲקקׯӣָָԷķ򣬸һ
ׯЦãʵΪҪ˯
ǰɽһ˯𣿡
ׯǿ֣ް˵ǰ㻹С㶼ˣο
ׯһʶ½ԶҲ㡣
ָܲ½Զʵô˯
ׯ½Զ˲ӶЦܲͻȻ˫۴ʹԹ˰̾ʦְ̫ҵˣãҸô꣬ת۾ͰҸˣֻЦ˿ްʹ
ׯֺЦ˵СܺȣϽ˯ȥɣˣͷ
˵գׯܲƽ顱һľţǣ½ԶƵĻһߵԷ
ҹϴڴϣڹڼž˴˵ĺ
½ԶԹԵ棬ׯĺʱתͷ͵ۣͷ컨壬áׯĺƽȺƹˤ׳ʿһ㣬ŵׯĸ첲Լ䡣
ڵմմϲ֮ʱׯĶѣۣǰϲұ˯
˵Ŵϵֽ˽Լֵ£ɤ˯ѣմżͳһƣƢ
½Զĸ첲§סͷţԼͷǰˣϲСϲ㱧˯ܾúܾˡ
ׯḧ󱳣Ǽ㣬˼شȤɱˡ
½Զյ£աৡһȻǺ죬ϺһҲ䣬Сʾ
ׯֲ̣ǰ鷢ЦҪǲ˯ǿЩ¡
½Զʱ㲻Ҷøˣׯ˫۽գС˯ˡ
ׯ޿κεЦһǶͷһĺۼ§˯
װعѩƮ䴵ľ֨ѽ졣̿ȼգСůıڣΣӵߡ


97 ɱ
һ, ˰̽ħǵָǰβɽ, ɵĵͬ˸磬ͬ·Уһ㿪ʼ˼ҵĴǹս
Ҫܲһնֵӣɲɣǵձ, ӮܲСӡ˵Ҳգһ˵ܲ, һ·һ·ŶԷƿڴԷʮ˴ڶʺ˺ü顣
ǶǱС, ЦصЦ滢, ģﾡֵš
ܲʾ, ʲôöֻ֮Σڱ°ӣ
˵, ձ, ĲԲŽԹй޹İϣ˵ڰ־㣡
ƨԶ˰ɣô
㣡㣡޳ܣ
ӻδ˵, 㱻һӲݺУգմֵѩתһ, ֻܲѩ˵࣬ǶֵˣؿЦ
ӲʾڵϺץ˼ѣһѩѸҹȥ˱صؿʼѩϷܻغǳŭڿտѩػص
˼ǰУׯǰǰζͣƣһڲڰѩ֮¡
ׯϸȴѩ֮£ⰵղĿ˶һۣսǰ
΢΢𶯣ӽ֮ңƺһϢӽǰĸʡͻȻһζµıѿϸ졣
˵ͷ֮ʣȻɽҡض֮شݿѩѸٶ䡣ׯ̧ͷһһСֻǸʴ뿪˵棬УС۰׳ĳڿкХ趯
ѩ䣬ׯϸ糤߰ѩеıչ£Ƭҫ۵⣬Լɼˮտ֮ɫͷŭţʱµĵѿһ޷죬ΡΡɽʱڱ̺Сɽݣˮӿ
뿪
ׯհȫ֮أˡ
¸һأսʦܣɱ
䣬˱ƴϡׯſ컹ûü˵Ǳ˱ѾûӰˡ
ͷХ쳹ʡյӭ⽣Ӱۺֱƺ׼ľӳ˵Ӱۼֻ֮ңۣȻŭĿӡƱУˡ
˪ڽϣѪѸϽֻƬ̣˴ͷű㱻ɱ飬͵ڵϡ
ܲﻹŸõѩ򣬼˶˱飬ϲصֽкãЦֱָǰı鳰ҿǸ񡪡Ȼδأ㱻ͬ˱˻ڹĽųģ
ׯ˲ڱ󣬺Ծͷűסλε˫֮䡣
Ҷ迴˿ǰׯٿڹģܲ˴ׯʵʦǲ𣿡
ׯһ۱飬漴ͷĺüҡͷ
Ҷ費⣬ʵΪʲôȰ
ׯδɽᰳΧʬԮ
ô찡ʦֻ᲻ᱻ
ɽᰲ
ׯϸ鿴ƣĬ󣬵а취
˵գӻͳŷģ˸ֻһŷɵıϣ漴㻯һֻֻܣצس
еľµ붼δſЩܣ̼㶳˱顣
ׯֻӶػر任λãۻңŭغ䣬ɱйᴩա
ׯ࣬ĿתؿƶĹܣݵĵϱѻģһֻܱǰһѵȱɣͷĺ֮䡣
ˡ
Ѹǰ鿴ܲ˵ơ
Ҷ谲ʦֱ𼱣һģʦֿ϶а취𼱰
ܲҲã˵Ҳ˵ãϵҲѶ˱裬һģǸʯ
Уؿջ
ͬʱĶڣںǰͷϣմսжʧĵ۾ڽѰңаı
еŪԼĳԣеĶ˶١ָֻҡεƣ졣
ǣ
ԼĪʱ󣬰Ķ˳󣬼ǰһ
裬ɴƵءƲ㽻˷
ȴŵȵһλŮᱡпŮСĴȡ
κλ֮ŻڣУʲôѰ˸ˣʧԶӭ
Ҿص½ǰΪħ䡣ħܳʱһͳҪЭ
Ŷ
ḧİèü΢ײĿӣʵħ𣬳
΢΢̧ۿһһʮ֪
츧èԴЦԭˣΪ˶£ħ˺飬ñװһ
Ƭ̣εػش𣺡ϣϲˡ
ֱٴȤλͨŮ鳤Ķӣ˵ħ䱾ӦȴɢڸأҪ޳һ壬ֻҪһɢĽУħĻһͬѪ
˵һ룬쿴µˣпȥʲôʵһħϿôлҰ
Ͻӡһж˵
֮ǰǴΣħ˿елˡ
촽һɾʹӦˡظİèĴĽһһ֮
Ӿس󣬰ʯħѪ𣬻ٸ֮أһħ̲ݻһһСӱޣһ
ʱ鵺ڣׯ˽˻ؿջ˿ǰǰȻ
˻ˣôͷôⶳһ⡣


98 ħĽ
ջ, ׯΧű鷢ҶãűĽųܲ, סЦʦ, һ仰Ҳ֪
ܲ˵ãһһ飬ֻתҶʾ˵
Ҷ֣°ս䣬һһˡ
ܲŵضǰ, üͷһˣ۵ʹļ׽п಻Ǵ˿޷, Ҫ캰أһСѧˡ
ڰ, Ч, á뾡޿κ, 񣬷ֺδ
ֻҽ, һ𣬽ܲƣŵһë, ˲ϵı, ˺٣ʹãʹã찡һʤ߼ԶСΪ֮
ͣ¶һۣԼͬӻ
գ
ʦó, ⲻھ𣿡
ô˵𣿣
ɣ
ܲԵıͻȻͬǴǰִĺɵӡ֮ܲսٻغϣȴҶָԼӵ𣿡
ˢˢؿ飬ƺء
ܲɫſڱȥǣǲس鴤£ҧгݵĺԱıҶӶܲɷȥ
ã²òͷָǰԼͲһ֦һԹ̣
ݵ磬ǹưź򣬴ʱҲš
ʯħѪϣ᲻գ۵ض⽹۵⣬ˮЩǧߡѪ𵹹ں֮ϣ˳ڣͷʯħߴ䣬꺢ͯ·߼СгԵģԼʳʯħ۾Ųһ£˲Ѫߴߴᡣ۷Ź⡣
ѪһӵϣԴſסߡСľڹ컯֮£֣Ȼѵһڵϡ
ľҲ𿪣ڵһ⡣ֻʯħſڵϣ˫ֻڿץѪΧԴ߷衣
ƺǸоħ󱳷ʯħ̧ɲɻҾĿ⡣Ƴ½Զʯħ¿ˮٺЦɰλٺ٣ɶԺúȺã۾Ͳˡ
ǣ
䣬ʯħץѪߣֻһħҲǣλϲŭ޳һħ𣬽ȴĿڵһ԰ɡ
ׯǾ棬תͷɻֻδ֮ڿڡ漴ſڣ˵ɡ
ʯħѪ·ǽĶһ㣬мƨһس½ԶͷرЦׯл
ɽᰴʼպһԲʦѾ̬޻˵أԶ뿪ҶҲǣͷԼġһݵ˸£ĵĴɵֽ֣⡣
ǿǿҶɨɾʯħѪһмʧЩߵ¡
Ȼ˿δ⼸񣬵档ׯϹæŴ
СæǰæһǴһͷ⣬ǰѯʡСջһһʮʦ֪ձʾʮߡֵԱ׼Ʒˡӣϴʮӣӻꡣϱ޹һŮҲһ࣬ҪϺ󰡡
ׯ⣬ʵ˻
Сҡͷʦ֪СҲ֪ԴǰλԺÿʮ߶ҪǸϹһλͯһλͯŮⶼ֪ڼˣЩӣЩ٣δںһͻ
ׯüɫȻʵ˵λɿǡ
СʳָָָݶҡͷҶԡ
ׯʵ˽
ûҹңԲеͷʦұˣɾһ취ûСԱҴƴҪʲôûУ޿κθ̸Сϰա˵ܿĻǡ
ǰЩȷǴ˼᲻ԼҺӣҹʰߡôţûž͸룬һ˱Ǽգ´ѩһһ㣬ӵ浽שͷıݶ嵽صס˸ҳţڵؽѶţ߳һһգ۵ĹҲˣˮҲˣռ̫ĶĶķɵɵʵܲˣš
С̾һĴ·ղǰĺӡӲַ·Լӱᴩڵ棬ѪɺӣȾ쾧Ө׵Ĵѩ֮ءеĴңޡ
˭ҵĺӲǺӣʲô취Ҳ
Сõµգׯʦ˽ԴΪҲ֪١֪ʦ棬˴ܽλҰڼ㡣
ׯֶ࣬ħĳְڡ²ɵ飬Ը·ĳһԱ⣿
Сҵһ㣬Ͻе⿪Χȹ˸߲ұϹϾԱҾֵĶߣʹȥ
ׯǷ׻Ӧ½ԶʰǰԱС
֮⣬ʯħѪСšСׯĻһֲ䣬ʯħ漴Ѫʵˣ
ߴߴߴ
û
ߴߴߴһû
˪ɣˮɱɲǣ
ħͬϵĽ


99 սڼ
ׯʰͣԱ, ԱмλǿʦԸ, ֿ˻, æŹܼ˳ӭӡȻϸʹԷĲ, ɫתϲΪǣһ˿ŭ
ׯԱźԱ¶ԥɫ, ĳԱ֮˼, ֻ¾Ҫɽڮ, ʵ, ֻĳܰ㡣
ԱۺӣһȨ, ǰλλʦ˵Ĳ޵, Ȼ˶Բɶڸ, ʵ, ܼϾ֮, ֻˡ
˼Ա, λʦ, ɡ
ʰ᷿, Ҳʼ׼ɽλ
˸һ, ͥԺڳ, бԱ, ĵһλŮӣ޳ôǽô˵㲻ǵǱǹﻹΣգ˵ͨһƭ, ңɱģҪиôҸû꣡
ԱصǰļλʦʵΣ㲻ǲ˵ʵ£бȲɸǿ𣿡
ܷԶԣ
Ա̾˿ҽɡ
ܷһ䣬һԱĺӣָӳȻҶӵɱǧģҼ޸ǵ˰˱ùҶҪи̣Ҳù
ﳳլӶðװӣרæĻơǼλˣҲվҲǣϣܰò衣
ܷĨĨϵᣬ־ڱصõó壬߱ߵҾͲаҷҪȥ
ãδ䣬ǰһϮʤѩĿ˻㱡ָܷƿڴȻһϮ»ۣߵԴһƬհײ֪ԣֻ㶵ظţȥȥȥ
ׯǰһֵ˲ؾţĳصȫסС㡣
ܷϸǰ֮ˣֻԷǱãһϮɣòӢһֹܷɨׯÿһ⣬ǽԷнųΪܼҳˡ
ŵĲһɨ⣬ܷͿлʦˣһ·࣬׼š
ֹԱ״һͷˮ°Ůĺţɫ˵ͱ䡣
ź󣬶ŵ϶вɵʦ˵أڴס£ʱͼˣ˵ʲôҲͬ⡣ʵǲ٣ħ֮ᱻħɡ
϶ϱΪ⣬λʦһ˲šٷ硢ŷݡסһ֪Ƕˣв֮˶ǻˣλʦʿ
϶ɴۿϱƽմΪ˱⣬һǽѧĺûǸʲôʦϡ
ܷƵƵͷʾͬ
϶һŭ֮˲ò࣬ܰѶд𣿹һƤʲôã
϶ϱбҲôһƤҰ
㣡
϶ǰʳָڷԸλľڵسã˷ĲΪˡ
ׯԱò轻̸ͻȻһĲյ⡣ֻ϶һţȵ磬ٷͿҲҰ˵ʲôҲö̤ܼҴլһ
ʱſǽͷʯħѪڵĶͷӶ
ɵϱ۸ˡ
ߴߴ˵ʲôɵ
ߴߴܱ۸
Ѫվʯħͷڵ½ԶʯħԴЦٺ٣˵ҲǡǾᱻ۸ģʦֲã㿴Ǽľˡ
ѪɸֵʯħԴϲ˲ȡ
ߴߴߴߴôҲʦ֣ûӣ
ʯħҡͷʦɱħ𣿡
ѪʯħԴǽϣħƬ̣ʯħѪԴЦɵ񣬸ϳˣ
˵գħһͬǽͷ
ڣ϶ľˣɽħɫ·һ̱ҪνսׯǰԱϢŭµ֮ȽΣ˶ԲɵᣬĳԻ֤
ҳЩɲ֣֤ɽ˵᣿ҿҴĺĲᣡˣǸȥ
ǳľ֣ͻȻһźӰѹϣʯħϣ϶צҫСǣһصʯħˣɣҪǵѪǵ⣡أ
˵գһȺӰΧӵ룬ѪŰ˺ҧһȺ˿׺ݵħŵ֨ҽвֻʶӡʯħ϶һסһֻľô϶ǵͨ죬˫ڿ衣˷׷׶²ҳﻹֹӡ
ͻȻһʯħһ㣬ɿ϶ľϡ⻪תʯħغϣ⣬Ѫ౻ɢʯħˡʤ׷ʯħһԾȴȻ߻һ䣺ʯħ˻ģ
һ־ɢʡׯδ£ֻ϶ƨסׯ֣млʦлʦҪʦȣҽɥڴˣ
ܼ˵ͬмǰлׯǷ񣬵
ܼλү׷·ȫȫׯ׼һ¡λܼϱɷǲʦڼסһӣ˸߲ҵʰļõĿͷͷѡׯƷ
һ˼ʰһ׼Ǳβɽ
գλСƺ촽źۣŽɫȦϵִڽϣм䡣ׯ˲ڶУһһڲ쿴⻷
ǰ·խͷѻ̷˻УŨסߡλСѻлͻȻ¿ʼޣԵæİηȴװȻ֪ɫ翴һ㡣
һİصĺڶ߻صŲƣȴԼһׯϸȴôʲô½Զסׯ½ǣԷɢׯĶס½Զ֣һǰһಽ
ӣŲо޺ѻһʱ뷢ڶߣͷʶң·ʧȥһ㣬Ե֮º޷ӦеľͷһǰС
ׯеһ֣ӵѪٻѨ漴аƳ⡣ָ֮ת½Զϵ˼ѨλƬ֮󣬼½ԶָǰС
ǰէ֣İͷǰ·˦˦и̴ʣʱʱͻӦĳʽһ㡣
黺߳۵ǿۣ·ܵĳָӦС
ǿ⽥ʧֻˮˮҡڣϸֶѾ̺Уȷ˵ˮߡ
ׯһȴһۿͨǺΪʩ¡Ȼ̺쳣ЩΪް˼䣬ׯⲢ޺Ϯһů֡ĪҲǺΪ
δׯѰ𰸣ֻ龡ͷһСݶоŴ󳨣̨ҫľԶôһڲ࣬ˮԣաδ߽ʮ㡣
ׯ̾΢΢·ܵĳָӦ
С·˵ĴڣλСӽת̨֮ϡ


100 ˼ǰ
֮󣬶ԭ·, ˷׷׵ͷĬ, СҲ˿, ڼɵ
ׯһηѯʣȴηɫŵҡͷ, ʾɳֻʶ, ׯڣ
Ҷվ̨԰Сɽ˫ֽ汧ħűߣ½Զׯػ߶
Сһ·޹, ˡСλڱ̺֮ڣˮ, Ȼް, Ϊη֮ҲȻׯϸʯڣʯһˮ, ִԼһůϮ¡
ׯ߶ƿʯ, Ȼͷʯ˿ˮ뵲ƽ޷ӽ
ׯ״, ʯӦ󷨻֮漴任ʽԽѰֻۡڣʯȻʧΨмڿУ⻪ڡ
ׯµû˽ݵĹؼڡܺ飬Ҳܲӱнѵľڡ
δȫɢȥ˽µĺˮ䣬Ѹʣγסľ֨ѽ죬䣬׵ĴӴܣˮݷҡڣҪһŴ۵İ׹Զƽ֮ǧ⣬
ׯİһɺȻϮĿѾ֣漴̨֮Ϣׯ½ԶڻУ̨ȴ֮ˡ
һХżҶ͸ŷ쿴һӰӣҡڵζҫȻ򿪣һ̷ɣڵϡ
˶ϸǰֻһλʮ湫ģͷֻէ֣ɢűߣ绪תȴʧֻׯΪΨֻ֮£Ѫɫ֣
δׯ꣬ߵ̨ǰһסСӣС˻ƣֽ衣
ͻȻƾնĸ첲㿪Ҷ漴סС
խСڵ⽣Ӱľ֧飬̮ׯִ뺮غϣɳ硣ܲԪⰵֻѸ
ׯ˲תʽȣһһϱ֮ʣׯһˣһ뺮ţ˲Ż졣
һƣˣսѪׯִԪشֻǿָۣԭΣХʧɫƾ綯
ۺׯһһż䣬캮ضׯѸͳܺ黯˫µĺδˣٴϮӰ磬¹
ѸͣսׯնӰһУ˳ӳǰ߶٣춯أ·ʯɣһƬ̳
լڣǷ׷׹ʯǰƽ¡ɧһ˵ļٵظá
Ա˼С𣬸мعؿͷлׯæǷǼŷģÿîʱʱʱԷĻˮСԡܽɷ
һ¡
ׯǰʹģʦܣʦܡǰĻݲʦֻ㿴裬ʦҲչģͷĵȥɡֵһһʹ죬ЩҲʦΪģĪҪʦ֡
䣬Ծܲͷƴ
ܲһׯѽѽκ˵һֻﰧʦְлú˵Ҿһһ£ʦʦ֣嶯
ʱҶҲڳ滨ʦ֣һģԶС
ƽܲеһӣʱҲʦԵģ취ôӢ¾أ᲻ð
УֻѸǿ䣬ۣׯ漴ͳܺ顣
ܲｻʱͻȻѣʵĿůϮȫ
ƺһ͵Цܲ̽˫ۣׯҶϲתͷͬڱѾȻѡʱһһŴǣû£վҲվȡ
Ҷ״æǰסܲʳָɫ࣬޷޵ðǺˣң
ҶһŰ˳һЦʦ֣û¾ͺã˰
ׯЦÿΣȡ
ˣң
ׯֶ׵Ųš
̸Ц䣬ׯǰ׵־֮ĳû
ׯǷ׻
ʵֺʱս
ׯϸƬ̣صǺʱʱ
δջشһԵܲӷ׵ǰ˵мʦ֣Ͻظ˵ȥٶЩ
࣬ԴǵУм֣Ϊ˽顣ɱΪ¡ĳޣٹ˽
˵ôôţİɣ׳ôԴôͲñͨû̹㲻һף
ׯܲ޷ִּˣǹƽ
յͷӦʣֵΪ֤
ׯֻӦΪġ
ʱ֣֮ߡѾ֪ѽʱúһֱȴ⡣
ഫѩɽĻ֥޳ഺ֮Ч֪ɷһԡ˵
ׯŲյͷӦȷʵˡ
Ҳ֪
ׯһЦ֪·졣
ʱѾֻ߱Ƿ˺͡ҪöԹԳ֥
һĪչ֮ʣȺв֪˭׻˵Ӣѹ˹ء˼Σ
֮ĬĬͷ
֪˭ʵ˭ˣ
֮ĬĬڳΨһƵŮӵŮӡҶ衣
Ҷ̧ͷӭ˷Ŀ⣬δӦܲ㻤Ӱ㵲ǰ󺰵У˭ȥ趼ȥǾİɡ
δƻĿ⣬ܲͻȻ½Զ
˿̻ׯӰصУ
ܲԲݣ½Զԣڶϸ첲ϸȣЦʦ֣᲻źײǡ½ʦܹ棬òѣҿʺϣ˵أ
ׯһҲһۣҽһҲͦʺϡ
ʦ̬ʱɲƫˣСΪңѧѧ˼ҹ˽
ׯᣬ˦ܲ½Զϵ֣Լ󣬻ӵ̬ȼ
ڳΨʺϵѡ˷ԣһʱֲ£ʱȺв֪˭Ҫλʦ
ܲЦ˻ĬĬΪλСĴָǳţ»ʲôɵҽ
ֻӶɫ࣬Ⱥһյһͽ۶ϿӣһȷѪꡣ
Ȼһ磬˶޿ظѩɽѰٻ֥żӭׯɱڵ񣬺޲лԼʦԼá


101 ֻħ
, ƻλʦʹû֥˵βɽ¡
ʱլڣλױ̨ǰ, Ҷϒ, ½ԶվΪׯͷܲЦվֱ, ƳƵգʦΪ´ԸСң˵ؽ, ʦͶءջɽҶҪʦֵӢ¼ʦʦǣǺúѧϰʦ֣Ϊ⡣
ׯȻһɫģҲջ, ΢Цؿܲ˵Сͷʦܹ󿪽, ʦΪֻܱ֤ǽʦⱲġԡ
ܲСв, ͷ, ʦ֣֮ɶô˵ͼˡ
ׯס֣ܲҧгЦʦܣʦֿллˡ
ϲЦտϰӿĽϾܲ۵üͷһɽ, ֨ҽеӴʦ֣ۣҴ˴˴˿ſҪ˶ۣ
ׯԵ֣΢ЦܲѾһһơ
ױϣ˱ɢȥæ֥Ƴɷĩ״¡
ׯնǰϸˣЩһ
ʩ죬ʡ˱ţڸסţʩ֬ŮݣȲΥͣһζ
ͬʱתԷͬʱԷŵһ顣
ոɿΣ̧ͷׯͷŵ棬СǸҿҲˣȻԼʰһ£Ȼᣬٺ͡һ
á
뿪½ԶӣׯϸĳϲزסĵǣʦҪȥһһô죿
ֻڣׯ˲٣½ԶϣͷЦң
½Զ˫ֻסׯĲӣԲȻˣΪԼȥƫƫҪʦ£ʦΪβܾʦ־ܾĻҲ˵ʲôġʦֲҪȥ˺òã
ׯס½Զֽ˽ĵʵСž˭ȥʣҵ뿴СױģֻΪױȥǱǡ
½ԶׯͷﰵԻϲ
ׯ˶٣οʦ֣еǰʦηսʦܳĵ
˵գֻ飬ͷˣЦ⸱ģÿô
½Զֱӣ§סׯĲӣʮֿ϶ÿʦÿˣ
ׯЦ⣬˶ӼתһȵǣͻȻŴ󿪣ŵæң½ԶСһ
ܲδ̤ţ󺰵ʦְˣ
̽βɽӶ˼ͷ⣬һûһؽ̸
ս·氼͹ƽ洦ɼĴӺʯѩŢСͳѧزöϲڵĺԹԴ˵˵һɽһʢ֮Ѹʵ
ׯɿһװģӦ֡ãȣԲӣ˽ԵβɽǸض죬Ȼĵ
ձһáһƤɫһϣ㬵򡭡㡭ǡǻǡǡǡ
ׯͬ㡱ӦòᣬҲ֪˭ڶ˭һ·߱ģɽ˼תХ¡
гغӶ˷ŻŲܡΪյչɽȵϣɽΪ֤˵֮ǱҵԸ
û˵

ԾؿׯָԷ̨޳ΪͻȻ𶯣ȪɽѩƮ⿪ʼѸٽɽ潩ӲеķݱѩˤڵϣҲƺ̡
ӶɫܣĳХУһɫӰϿգȻǰէ֣۳һͦӰ촽ݵӦԼ
ӶþⱲӵݼ̸֮м֮һһЦ̬ʹϹ븮ͣƻɹһ룬һ
͵ֿչȴ죬Ӷ˲ɽ󷨱ӻҵƸӣӲŶƼԽʯ٣ڲƼ֡ǰʣݺ䣬̨ͤ¥ûʡ
һӣһǰӶ˶һӦ
ϯϣû뿪ˣνɫɲ͡ĪˡׯѵСþѣ빫ӳ
ĿɿڴؿׯССд˴ɻ
ׯҼﲻ㡣
Ȼɵذˡ
ɻʵңδš
סգһһϵĶҲʵӦ֮ʣͣׯʹɫٱںׯ֮䡣
ׯ״Ѹͳ֥۵ƱݸասӹƱһĨЦݣ̹Ȼʢ飬СŮӱⱭл֮顣
˵лԥӹƱһġջعͷׯ˶Ӽʶ̸
мЧ
˵֥Ч죬Ӧû⡣
Ϊû仯
ΣȻû仯
˱̡
䣬һ𿪺һƷȹָ˴󶯸ɸ꣬ͥԺڵĺ컨Ҷ䣬ػʯط棬⽣ӰݺύĿ̺ۡӶӰͬʱɱܵмܣָԭΣȴһסѪת޷ָ
ܻʯŭСˣ
ׯִһ򵱹أкգˣĳġ
Ƽӿ˻սǧɽȺɾͥдŨͽֿһʯգѸٱܿϡʯڵ϶ʱɳرɽݡ
ɳŨɢȥȴӰԺ仨һʯ֮ϣͥѰӰͻȻϮһӰ·Ծֱ̧顣
ղ󶯾ع̧ͷ㿴£ʽݾձ֮ۼɱͻȻһɱ룬Ϻ첲ת䡣
Ȼһ䣬ǧֵĹ򲻹ˣûӡׯ˽׷ϣܵ˼ֻ˷Χӵ֮ս
紵ȣ˪ѩɱĶϱѪֹѩɺѪɫа溮ϯȫսģǿΧ޷ѡƮѩ磬аǺڴ˵İ
һȣΧϬɱˣѪȾµĻѩһ̣֣ԪаˣѩֹͣƮ䣬ͷγСټ籼ߵȺɽ͹Хزڶ䣬ּ޷ӿ˻ƽл˷ˡ
̶ͷʹѣ˺ѣ֫ٺϿҧ˫۳Ѫ롣
ǰ˸İ׹ۣѪɫӿǼԼɫѣ࣬ɺ졣
ͻȻһл½ԶȻŲӴӡɫԽŨأһ㲻죬·̰ʳ½ԶѪ⣬ԴΪҰ
½ԶҪϢǱ˺ݺסӣֱ֮ҪϲԪʱ졣ƫƫĨɺ죬ѳ˯ħڰӿɱԭʼζƱǼ⣬ӡѭѪ֫Ȼͷͫ𽥱Ѫɫӡ裬ɭɫüۣʹວȻ任Ϊ˷ܣսĺݾĿ⣬ΪħĲһĿɺУѡ
ͬʱѨڣ\ĿʹѣһĪ緢ްںӰںֱײܿƵ⡣ʱѣʯ䣬ݳХ
¾ӰƮھʯϣ\볤һأѹй

\סĿڣ˺ѷ֮ʹԴȻ¸ѹƣǹǿҵ塣ڳɢ\Ϣ٣ݣŭ㣡
䣬\Ȼ䣬ʯʯڣһŭʯ쾪ϮһƬ̳
ٹβɽս֣ׯ½ԶĽϽǰδսȴ½Զƿ˳űߵ½ԶӰѸ񣬲ȡǡ


102 
, ½ԶӰ󣬳Ѫֱƺħǿ, ܡ½Զת, Է·, ĺ֮ͫ۽ǰǡӰ䣬ս˲, Ϊɱ·ƴһ
½ԶɱۼΣһƴ˹ֵϮɱʱطХ, Ƽӿ, Ǽ˵ѪɫںԪ֮, , ѪɫΣֳӡƵӡۡ
ڴʱ½ԶӰ磬, ºһֻǡʱսѪɺѪҺ½Զϡ䡣
ֻ¶ϵѪѸ֮ѪȴգӡںϣԼ˸Ž⣬һ½ԶӡΪһ塣
½Զܵӡı仯һܿƵӿ緢ްںֱײӡѪɫŨأа֣ͫеѪɫ۳һ״
ã½Զƺ޷ԭأȻǰ֮Ȼ仯֮С
½ԶڰУİ޹⣬ʱʯ䣬ѣһźӰ𡢳ΡīڳأҷأûнܿǰӰݲ
Ӱ½ԶӰӽ׵ĺ̶ƣѪ½ԶͷѸɹ˽лϮ
ѪںӰͷ۾˸Ŵ۵ĺ⣬ǰѪӡµ·ͬɺҫۣȶ³½Զ¶ھ½Զɿǽʳס
½ԶǵһμѪȻǰֻĽȻͬɱ񱩡ݡ뵽ĹغħֻҰϽԲΪ
Ѫ½Զ궯ѰͣȶеѪǿңˡ½Զƴ˵ģƺһ̱˺ҧɡ
ꡣ
ӰֶȻѪѸٰâڼͷȴ˵ӰϮģ½Զ֪ͷƣĪļ¡
Ӱع½Զϸһ˫Եķ۾Ӹ¸絶ֻƬֻüң΢ɨԷжͶսһ˫Ѫͫҫգսƻʢĺ컨۲ת䣬ڸ۽Цص
˽ת½Զȴͷһ㶣ǰݾԼһģһ˶ӼԾӡ
½ԶԪܶǱǰ֮ǣͷʹӡڲ賤ĪĿļ̳½ԶݺݿӰ
ӰʱɢѪɿ򣬽л߷ɡѨڣ䣬Ũ½ԶֻԭأͻȻİгһߵɣݵ
ڴĻع顣
½ԶѸתһˣŵĺ̶֪ʱתƵ󣬺̶Ͽ಻֪ʱһѽ
ǽںУ˵а֣ŨصĴȻڽ˸ĺ⡣½ԶǽģСǰץסǰѽ
ȻûӽͻȻ籩𣬺ҡ½Զ˫ۣ߷ݣ䣬ǰ֮ٶȱ任½ԶʱֻĿ꣬ȺһƬű߾ʬкʬǶѻɽгŻζѪ˿ƯѪʱȺ̷ʬϣ˵ĽлħĻЦ
½Զܣǰֻصʬ壬л˾ؿ޺ӴܡͷءһѳڰУԲںУģ
ХӰ磬ؼ䣬ͷʬ촦ӰâѪϼ⣬֪ѪȾ˽ǽѪ
½Զͷͣڰյĳۣ˿̶ڰ׸ĵķˡ磬½Զʱ𷽲˫ۡ
˫սҿܵѪɫͫ
ڰգζƮƮȻɢһģһ̬·ĵнϰ̤
ٿٵХΧ˽ɱսѪʬҷɡزкѪɺӣȥҲһõʬ
޺֯Ѫ𾪺лƺڻⳡʢ硣ǧ˴ǧ޺ЦǧЦ쳣֮֮ս
½Զֻͷӡ볤ĺңӦƺͬһ
ԶϤİ뷽źӰֲȫƣ綴лǰͷ½Զܣ֮ȥ룬һһٵ
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½Զֻ䣬޺̶޵нԨͷ
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½Զʧվԭأׯļٸˣͣػʶڻ񣬲ӡѻָͫ׵Ѫɫڿǰ˵ģҲɢָԭ峺ģ
ׯ˻ָһ½Զסׯĸ첲δ˵ʦû¡
ׯмȵߣ㡪
´βˣұ֤
½Զ̬ȳϿңίؿׯҪʱʹɱﵣׯҡΣŲ첲˴ȥֺõʦ֣Ĳˡ
ׯŻʧӰ١Լһִˣ֪Ӻδѧ˵ÿÿʱ˱ȷΣػˣ˵ǣÿζУԲˬ
ׯûޣס֣ǣǰߣεˣߣǸϽǰȥ֧Ԯˡ
ã
½ԶǣţԹԸں档֮ĿڶĪļ»δȫɢȥǹأֻҪʦߣҲ⡣
½Զսׯ֣첽ȥС
̺Ѳ١̺ڣ谵޹⣬ˮ̹ǣбܺ黤壬˲ٴαɱ顣
ˮƮħֵסȥ·ڲֻˮݷ賤ŮӱŸ裬˼Χˡ
ׯնˮݣȻˮ֮ܣ֮׳ͻȻԶһźӰδ壬ȴ׹ѸǧȻϮƸǿ
⧲ɢܲ˸ˡׯ״ˮݣˮע⡣ҫۣ裬תˮһ׷Ͻ⣬ȫȻݲ׷Ҹϼ䣬ԼƳһˮ
ׯٴ±˶ˮ󣬻δһͻȻһɫ޺ХϮˮݶʱķѡɫˮŴ۵İ׹⣬ٵδ˿壬Ѹջء
ԶĺӰȻˮΪˮݵĳǴ롣еĺȻָԭΣ
ѽƣҺпϡİ˾սׯȨ֮£˳ˡϺһϮˣɱᴩ
ׯתΪأܼ꣬ŻԴ󷢣쳤ХˣмӲʯԱһء
ָԭεĺ˸⣬ܵӰ죬ٴź⣬֮롣
˽ⱻͻȻһӰȺгֱƺӡͫɫȾѪ½Զٶִһֻǡ


103 ˭
̺ڷ֮ƾ, ѻָԭεĺ½Զ֮£½Զӡ壬಻С
, ˫ѹٻغ, ǽ, м۾䡣˿ҪԴ½Զͬˣ¶ļϽǱĲ, ˿ϵٶȱ죬·Ҳơ
ڼ˫֣һУʤ
֮˲, ֻɢ⣬߽֯, ϵѪɫ⽥ۣγһģ, ƴ
½ԶΪõڱص, 뽣ƺɱֻڷֺ֮䣬ۼ֡ͻȻۣ֮½ԶĹƣ罣½Զס, أЮɽ֮Ϯ½Զ
½Զײϱ˲Ż졣һ̧۱㿴ǧƲɵϮۼ㣬½ԶսɱΧʯ䣬һϮӰסɽ֮
Ѫĺͫڿ˵˲īɫĿ̼ᡣ½ԶеѪɫգۼʧ٣ۿɼ˫峺˵¹ۣźֻ߼ˣϲڱҲ֪˭ʶʦ֣
ׯһ§ס½ԶָڡһֲֻǵѪɫʮѿ½Զÿʹһӡħĳ̶ȱԽ֮ǰӰ죬ٹ˴γУء
ÿһγɽʹׯϵһ㣬һ㡣ܲϣƺһ˫ǰͣشߴ٣㣬ٿһ㡣
ׯɫһʶص´Σˡ
½Զ˫ֹסׯĲӣʮҡͷЦӦˣ
б䣬ˮ²˾սȳ
ã
½ԶȻʦ˵ʲôʲô˽Ѹˣսսˡ
ͷէ֣ھǰѰȫϰׯջذۼ̶ѨͻȻһȻᴩׯСȣʱʺһƬȾ˺ˮ
ׯ⧲ȳһѪˮĿǻǺڷ޷ʧȥʶ׹䣬һ³
½Զʧɫʦ֣ˮûǻŵڱǡŻ§׹½ԶѸץס³֣ׯһֻ§סԴ˫
ׯʶһ§ס½Զһ˸׵İʱ׹ҫԾſ赲۽˳ûλذϣ˷լ
ָԭαͼ֣ǣͻ֮ѵͻʣһĪչ
ɡɳʦٳδ顣ɣԴɿ̫֮ףһö¹ơԪ䣬Ҳһö¹ơһߣⲻڴˣδɱޡħ븣Ǭص֮⣬棬졣ͬʱ밵Ѩڣ˼ʼٸ
ķǳ
βɽׯʱ˿ѡ½ԶߣдǺۡһ֥ʣ࣬˿ڲѪ
ʦˣҸ㻻ҩ½Զһ˵ţһùҩۡСزׯϵɴʱᴵ
ׯĿһ̶δƫ룬ʵأ
½Զ˿ڲպҩͿĨ˿ϣصûʲôˣʦֺСʦӦ
ׯͷš
֣֮»ء
ʦҲ֪ǰѽ𣿡
½Զ̧ͷׯּΪ˿ҩ
ׯҡͷδԻ᲻ش꣬˵ûӡ󡣷ǰѽƥԶʤûֻƬһʲô
˲ׯü˼һ̧۱㿴½Զӳ˿ڴǰ鷢ڴߣһһ䡣ֱߵɴһȦһȦƣָѹ˿
˷ׯǰ˵һһЦԣõҩϸչ˵ģ㱼ʲô
ׯЦ½Զ˵˵ˣһҵܺ档
½Զ̧ͷׯ棬ʣʲô
ׯս½Զǰ鷢𵽶ˮУʲô
һ˵ˮе龰ʱȪˮӿ½ԶУŴ󣬽ͣ͡½ԶѸٴں죬ֱȵÿð̡˫գ֪ĿͷɴҴᡣ
ׯǺЦԭǸҵ
½ԶһЦûţֱߵҩɴ߰ҶѣͰͺҲֹ֪ЩʲôӲͷƤ͵˵ܡ
ʦֺúˣˡ
Ȼδأ㱻ׯһץס첲һײׯš
ׯ§˳Ƶڴϣߵġ
ظ½ԶԴһݽԼȦףҧĶǣǵû΢΢սƽèצӶԷѣƻһΡ
½Զһ±ԹϹ̧ͷׯãһ£Сһ㡣
ׯٴЦ̲ס붺һ»ˣⶢʣ͹ˣ
½ԶøԴׯ䣬ίˣһزŴŴػʦ֡
Ƥһ±㺦껹Ҫúúšׯ½ԶԴ̧ͷ
½Զ̧ͷδׯ㱻һȰ˫ȫ
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˷ֿʱ½Զ΢΢Լ⣬ׯָĴǣһһƻѧһΡ
½Զ˫߬ׯ½󣬻ѧŷŵĶ׾̽
˶ʱǸϲ
ҹ¹𨣬ɱ죬ԼһӰӰмУ࣬Ⱥӣּ䴩лˣëȻ
Ũ£¹̳ԴƬҹչЮһƬڰС
լڣ½Զ˯ɳɳ죬աһֻѪԶɽͣڴϡͻȻһ˽л½ԶȻۡ
ΧǽϣһɫӰƸֶǰƺڵȺʲô
ľŻ򿪣½ԶƮɢһ³ĵüʤѩѪɫͫ޹ĺҹУȼյԭһвزסϷԵѪͫΪʢˡ
ΧǽϵĺӰŨлħİ£½Զǰ׹أϡ
½ԶзţֹһƳƺ֮ѪһƺڻӦ¡
ҹ䣬βɽϣѩǱǧ
֣ӰӺ󻺻½Զվɽۣ罫īɫ裬°ڣߺХ
½Զ׸ӽµı̺ǣɡ
䣬׹է֣һƿնˣΣعظ׵С϶ʱһսҵȣСżһС٣СΨհ
½ԶƲһЦüңصǸ㱨ʱˡ
½Զͷ󣬻ָԭΡһںд鰵翣ƻ档Ȼ䣬һɳۣ쳤Хʱʧ٣һǹ콵䣬ֽסսҡ
βɽİѩڣ̺ӿȡ½Զ̧֣ϵӡź⣬ӡӲָ⣬һ·ʳѪ̳
½Զ±̺дʵƣ䣬Ԫ֡
žһϹ̺죬ɺ漴ֻ潥߷룬İɽƱڣѸٰݡԼں˸ٵ
ͻȻˮӿȻӺײӿû½ءѩǵβɽ˲һƬ캣ˮ߽ͬ룬һĴ֡ڵ·ߣվһ˹ǣɷн°㴩ףִìˢˢ׹أƺжӹӭ
½ԶͰɽۣ󻯹У캣


104 ʦԵ
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ʦָл, ǣֻⱲӶҪ۸
ǰǰʦʦ·
ԺҲˣΪ, ǵһɣ

һȺΧӵׯˣץס첲мصлͻׯһͷˮ, в֪¡Աͺŵ֪, βɽѾʧ, ɽҲΪƽ, ɽΪΡѩɽһƬ캣
˵βɽ״Աץׯĸ첲лׯɻ, δ, һԵܲǰԱļͷһллⶼǸģͷ˵Щɵĺû, ơ
ǵȻǵȻ
ڵ˻ڻϲУׯ˷ѾŴˮйͨȺмܲ˻ȥʰׯԱ⽻̸Ψ½ԶһȺ˰Χλܷ˽Լ׼õİ꺮ůʱׯȻС½涼ǽ׼õۼˣǺúñ塣
ǰǰ㿴ʹ͡


ǰԽ̵棬˳½Զӣչ˺ӡ
ק½Զһ£գŴˣ˵Ǻָ顣
ʱׯԱ̸껰תͷλһһҡЮ֡½Զҧ˵Ļէһϱǧ˷龰㱼һ˼̻ׯ;ؿ˵ıӰǰš
ȻҼй½Զȴܣʱ˿̣˾ȷʵеᵽΪҶҪĭ½ԶعͷׯͰ͵дšʦ־ң
½Զȣá˼ׯŶǰȣλˡʱͥԺڶˣׯӹ½ԶİЦʱôԹԵظ˵̣㲻ǲϲ׽
ǰڵþȵĴϢУׯ仰㶵ؿٳδ½ԶŵĽ̼䱻仰飬ֻɻ
ѽ˽ӽǲϲദôյξӿͷûһĻֵϲģһǰˡ
½ԶԭأС
ģǲϲ׽Ǻ¡ͯʱо˼ᡣڰʱĻжչģﻨ㣬Ц̲áǺʱⶼˣǺʱ׽ЦսУǳŭΪزոһҲϰˡ䣬ˣֻ׸ֻּ̧Ҳϰˡ
ģһֱ½ԶзĲĲңǻšһֱǡȻΪΡΪλ᣿ΪΡ
м˺½Զң֪ΪΣȴڲͣظݡ
ѽԶׯ˸ϣعͷ½ԶԭһЦˣСɵӡ
ϤĻɢƣ½ԶʱعԴСŸ½ԶĲ
ǰǰʤѩվԭصȴ˸ϡ쳾ӲͷΨдɫͣңЯ֮ززЯ¹⻪
֮ľ½ԶׯӰزסĻϲԾȻǡֻҪһ뵽ѽһͷ
һ½Զׯߣץסׯ֡ʮָۼ䣬һж˴𰸡
ĺɫãʰð뿪˵ءֱڼǰҾһսԲǷǣĳжۡ𣬵겻䣬ֱأλء
վǰׯҾ֣صء
ˮĲ֣ħԣⳤġȻڣȴ޷棬ԶԣɸԻ⡣񣬻
֮սׯһٵѹֻͣѰޣ֮ǰ֮ףصһ֮
˳֮ʣׯƳ½Զϵ첲һƬէһһͷƬȻׯϸȴѰͷ˹ǣƬ󷨴߶аǳ
ׯͷԼ䣬½Զɻʦôˣ
˼ϣׯ̧ͷüͷ΢ʵСҹȥ
ͻȻʵ⣬½Զ˶٣ϸ룬ʮֿ϶ػش𣺡ûУҹʦһȥûٳˣʦΪ
û¡ׯɫ쳣һ޶νĲ²⣬ĸ첲һȻ飬ɫҹЩ˯
ǰ·δʱ½Զץסׯջص֣¶ȴݼ䣬Цӯӯʦ᲻á
һֻС֣еĴеǡׯǣǰߣߢЦ⣬ǳЦű߱˵֪˭᲻á
һ±һѰħǵָʾУһֵСǡ¹
ɫֱߵĵ˸΢Ϲ˹Եĺǩ·ϵﲻӦһ͵ľ󡣵ΪɫţСǴҴææ̯˶ڴæ··ߵ˼ҴŽգϨ𡣲Ƭ̣ӵС·̺ƹ鳲ŲضС
Ųֻߵˣׯɻס·һλˣѯʣȴƴ˦ʮּɵش󺰵Ͻ߰ɣʲô֪߿ߣ
ƿׯС̯һߡֵһƬɪֻԭء
ϸ֮ׯɫΣһҿջͶٲ̽Σ
ġ
䣬ܲǰУѰһҿջǰŲ̤żδſڱ㱻Сԡ
ڶˣˡ˱һ˿ϣѰңֱߵһҿջǰԶԶĻûžͱŽʱܲˣվڿջǰָƺ˵ôأϽүүţأȥˣٲүүҿҪˣ
ľűĵѵ죬ҳһءܲŭŴһģҪйŭ
ڵ˲ҳֻܶ᧿ΣĴţﺰǧӡܲ˻ӦֱӸŭһѲ񣬺һ߿ţҺñׯֹľŲŶһ١
ܲôźׯݵ񡣡
ʢŭ֮µܲׯôһ˵Ҳֻ÷ŵͷ㬵վһߣвʵʦ֣Ǻɫֲ飬Щ˾Ӳͱˣ߿ţҾͲǻǳ
ׯδᣬֱߵǰ֮ݵ²ׯʦԼһʱðĳΪǸɫҵֻһ⣬ʹαžܿͣ
¡Ȼֹ˶ŴŴҲҳׯĻӦ˹ˣҲ˼֣ΡΡػصλʦǲλǳڽնй£ҹ˫¹ں֮ҹʵڲдˣʦѰɣҪΪˡ
˫¹ں죿ׯૣƹԴǿУҲʵĿ־壬ˣʵΪ˫¹ں죿
°Ǽǰеģÿ֮ҹϾһǺ¡ȵҹһȺӺץˡ˳Ļ̻̣գ˭°ʦǻȥɡ
ׯ˼Ƭ̺жۣдţƹ֣ĳǡǰ⻭󷨣ֻҪ˲Ӧʱӻһ
ׯ뿪ܲסʵʦҪȥģһˣ
̧ͷҹɫÿһǵҹĻڶյľͷܿ翵ӰҹɫԲ꣬ҹںħѡׯһҹж
ҪｫͣܲüëӶһ飬ʮֲظ󣬻ʱͷۿջ
ҹɫŨûһǵƻɪɪ£ûһɬҹһĳš
ڣͻȻСһӰܲײšܲſʺȴǸĹײ׵زװĶҲһء
ﵹڵطҶϽǰ˷һײֻ˵òᡣȻǹϵԴץϺûһûйܲŵȳΪҹﻹ·й䡣
ׯȥ˵󣬹ﲢδ緽ŵĵһΨֱ֮󷽵˵ԭǲɵʦСŮˡλʦƲὫһޡ
䣬ܲӦƣĳʦл
վһԵׯƳһۣǷ߶ˣʸǡ
ǰĹͷׯָǰһլص¹ĺңСŮĺ
谵ҹĿ⾡ͷһƻͨլԺĺֱͣߵСеæƣǺ̯һյƸ·ˣҲ˷㡣
̸䣬ĺլլſһλ̵Ѿ쳤˲ŵ·ͷĺӰ֣ɱӹϵɫȵ𱸵С㣡ôŻأٳһЩҿɾȫʬˡ
˵ĺĽѾʰģԼĪʮӡУĺ͵һԽá
СֲôҩذʰԼȥŽӹֱգֻûſڵ˽ȥĲҩȥ
ȫʰĺظƳˣҹɫеӰһĺܺʰ˴·
ͥԺڣȴһȺѾСΧһλϸߴߴʰóСѾߵݣװغǳ˼䡰˲ءԸСѾͷϲ衣
ͥŵϸ׷Ƥ˫۽գǰһľдʣλСѾͷɢ㲻߶
ôˣĺߵϸԣ˽ܵλţر飬֪˵δ
˻һܲȤŹʵҲšô˵±˲ŵġ֮Ķƫƫʮ㡣˿λɵţܷŹ
ʦŴһԣֻҪһ֣֪δ
δĺ˵꣬ܲѴյǰ͵ֱߣ˵ɣϸ㣬ҿδܷܲơ
֣ܲ˼䣬˦֣ҡͷԹſޣ˱пɺ޴˵껹̾
仰һˮͷܵţܲɫӳһ˲תΪ࣬ð̡ƿڴӣ
һԵҶ״Ͻֹ֮ɽս
ʦ˵Ƿǿ඼ҵġ
ͬ˼䣬緽һҡͷңһһ ˵ͬ̾̾ǾÿϧСͷǰ
䣬Ҷ軹δգܲվסˡɫȷŻѿǰŭ˵ʲôϹúõıӦ
˺ˣʦҶ˵˵ǷҶҲˡҶܲסׯƵߡʦӦûʲôôһ½ŵա
ٿҴʦ֣ɺˣϸҶׯ֣ׯ˿ɻҶ賯ͷʾ⣬ׯҲͬˡ
ظͬĶֻθãׯֹǳٳδδҡͷҲδ̾
һſϷܲŶȡһŭǲˣ̫ô˵ˣ¶˼ˣ
Ųδᣬ˫ׯֳٳδɿĬ˰βŻλӡ
緽ŵļᶨȴʮϧջ̾ׯֱ˵ιǺ쳾
ۡ
Ż䣬ܲʱĲ裬Ц˵ʦ֣û뵽㣬ȻǺ쳾֪λ쳾ǲǵλ
ԭΪкξ֮ȴû뵽仰ƫƫܲβᡣׯ֣ӣʲô
ƺץׯİѱܲͻȻ˾Цʦ֣Ŷ˵Ǻ쳾˰ɣɽǱһĹأԵأ
˵棬ׯüͷ΢Ե˵
ֹƣȴ˷áһԵҶ¶д˺棬ʦֵԵ;þȺ˷ܣҪǡŮǴϡ֣ٶ룬ҶԴŲɡ
֪ҶܲһһΣ˫۷Ź⾪𣿣𣿣ʦ־ȻйԵʲôʱĹÿģ
ׯ˿ɫ࣬һһǴмҧܲҪԡ
ʱ½Զּͬգׯ㷲ʵʦ֣𣿡
ûе£
ֻܲڇNɪׯ˵˾Цø
ҿû˵֪˵ĲţܲѡǰɣܲɽӸɽᰡ
ȫ˷ܵҶæܵɽǰʵʦ𣿡
ֻɽľﱧħϲ˿ΪҶ󣬲δ̧ͷһֻۣŵ棬Ӧš
õɽᰵ֤ʵҶɽƼ񵽱һ㣬ЩͰ͵شܵܲߣţҪҪʦ콲֪
ҶܲȻҪͿ˼ȣֱһ˵ģܾúܾúܾǰʱ㻹ûɽʱʦָʦֺɽ
ֻͷܲһĿ漴ɿһεֻûû͵͵㡣
˵бۣ±мֿš½Զգﷺ⣬קׯӣǺ죬Ծɥỽʦ֡
β²ׯȫ⣬Ψ½Զׯ˿ʧ䣬ûУġ
½ԶԸ˲ׯСذֻһ
Żɥ½Զ仰ʱƼգӿһůʲôԵû˼ȥ룬ﶼҪĥ֡
Сɵɫת磬ׯһΪתƻ⣬ׯ½ԶеСҲԣ
½Զ֣ԭΪҡͷ̾ϸһ½Զ֣¹ͷȻ˦첲ʧɫУ˫ͣڿвʧ˻һ㾪֡һԵĺϽסŵ˫ְšûûˡ
ţٿ½Զ½Զ֪ؿˣͷׯ޲ߡׯԴûû£¡
ǣţׯ½Զ֮䣬ѯΪͻȻţֻŻŵذ֣ߵľͼ뿪ﺰţ˵˵
뿪ĺʰȥ
ͥԺڻָΧǰ½Զͷŵ棬ׯַԼֻͼȱСϺ⡣½Զ̧ͷׯһЦҺãʦڡ
˫¹ں족һ£ĺ㽫¹·Ĺһһϸ˵
ԭһƽ˾¹ǰͻȻƽˣǰʼÿձ˫£ҹʱֱĹӺгץˣһжҪӰǰľʯ˵
ʯϹ飬աصɽǣ˳հҵΪͣӲգֻҪÿոյɽٱԣ˵һԸԾȫ㡣
չٱӵظһһꡣ˵ҪҲ㣬һʼֻϣ޺桢ȷǣáӲҽ޲ֵݡޣǺľʵְյԸ飬δԹޡ
һգľһδʵ˵ԸɺͲ¼ɣ˿ʼ£ÿµƲǼͣǲյ򷢲µ޷ʴԣƤʼãƬϼ
ԲҲǿԸһδɡ˴ɲ¼ɵģ̨ϵƷڵأͣ٣ٰˡ
еίܳԹޣն©Գռǡʱħ\Ӷ̳ӽ˶ħ
һҹ֮䣬ɶħո˵飬ħµһ罫Ӥ
ħսӤɱֶβ̣֮ʬҰֱһǰħսħ\ľ𣬱ӡںڰѨӤͬܽӡӰ죬屻룬ڰķһ¹ʯػɽس󣬱Ӥ֮һڡ֮ͥ
ǰʯһֱ·ֱǰˡ˫¹ں족
ҹ˫£Ҳ֪жٰѡĺȥ󲻽̾ÿ˫£޹ղˣֻΪˡ
ͥԺڼžͷ˫һֺۣѪɫ·ѪȾ
ͬʱѨڡʿ밵̸б䣬\ļƻϸʿǴݲȣһ˿⣬תŴָȨס
˵꣬ʿ׻ڵħҰҹܲţֻ⵱ĳŵǷЧ
һԾŶ֮ŵʧЧ
ãõı֤ʿ׸ڱУᶨʿĳؽ߾ȫ롣
䣬ʯϵӰʱʧ漴ȥѨڻָƽ
ٹĺɢȥ½Զׯಽ𷽲źݺ˦֣˵ѹ˵ʯӡͬ۵ĻСζôͷâ̡ΪҪ˱κڴأ½Զʡ
ԣǸɨǰɣϲģ󶼻ȥϲģ󶼱Ūˡˣ˽ӵˣ׹ˡţ׹
뵽½Զϣȴǿһ걻ܲѣ׹ʱŪˣֱûҵΨһĶҲֹһ˵ǧҪŪˣǵ׽ҪúñܵıȻȻǱŪˣȻǣǷŪˡֻҪϲĶᱻһһߣһ⡣
ͷں˼½ԶȫûпׯѾֱͣײ󱳡
ô·۲ۣׯԴͷɥΪǷŵãûµģŶ˭ô˵ˣòã
½ԶͷǵͷϿׯ
Сɵִһ취ûСׯ˿⣬ˣֹ½Զ°ͣһǡ
ѵˮĴ½ԶԴһƬհףͷׯգۡг˼˲䱻ɢ´紵ʦǵϲռȫ˫ϲЦ⣬ׯЦ
ǰ˲ϲЦտׯЦֹ˹գЦϢˡ
뿪˽ڲ׵󣬱Ѳӡҹ䣬Ϯˣ˫µաҹֻƶҲ࣬˫²СѪɫɢȾʡ
ͻȻУйӰصźӰճ¡һȺħΪ׵ҫɨķһȺСʮںľףСӦʮףԻ֮Ѫ֮꣬ϹŽ
֮ɢʺжޡֻβһɨɢڵ˱һŻ˷ģϹŴ⣬Ȼһоͽ͡һβɨأطգСߴӦʮףһɹа֮ںСعʮףһǳɡ
߼ǰУ֮ǶϱڲԫءһҿջǰβأȻȴ˿˿û𻵣һͬҲ޿κΣŭݻз֮ʣׯѭźӰ
ֻҹɳۣնɨܣϱһѪۡͬʱׯм䣬ħңǽ沢У֮
֮䣬мܣʮ鷢һУûӻغ¡ׯ˼״׷С
ǰһƬʣ΢ɼ䣬һ֮֮ͥ
鰵֮Уʯˮããǰ֮ʵʵѱ档СǰУȴһֱ̤ǰͻȻİŮ֮תϸػ磬ˣ
䣬ׯһãȻ֪룬˼ڣһ硱ŵýһЩˤ
ƺҲϴˣׯŭںš


105 Ӥ
, ͻȻŮ, ˢˢׯ, ½Զŵؿʦ֡
ĿĵׯĪĳƺ, ִ߶ֱ̽ʵϴ޶ԣ˼ҷɡ
Ĺݣʱôãˣ, Ѿһôմǲݡ
ȵȵȵȣϸ뷽ܲԣԼĪҶ軹δɽ֮ʱ͸ˣܲ˵ɷн, Ѳɻ£ԩҲɵ, Ůϴ, ϴˣ
֮, ׯȴ˿ɣҧгݰ֥ùӵķҪʰ̯ӣڼ
˼֮, ѹʡпԵׯֻýתƽ, Ѱ·˷ء
δõ𸴵½Զׯʱͷ·ʱ̧ͷ, ֹϰ¡
ĳ˵ĲԾׯ֣ͣǣԴ֣µ𣿡
½ԶؿׯգƬ̺󣬳ͷЦţ
ۺʱţ޷˵ţصţΪʦְ
еĲȥ½Զϲظׯ˰ԭ·¹
֮ͥڣˮڣͷԼɼһѨصĺʯڣϸʯӶ䡣
ҹ˼ŵٴƺǴӶдԭǣˡ
Ѩ\ǰʿ׵֮̽ʵޱΪҪԪΪθļƻ
ǰĺӰĿ񣬲ٿ已һ캣֮Ȼиο岻ȫ
˵֮\ŻۣذΧĺɢģӰ
δļƻԪͨԭʼڼƻ֮ڡΪΡһ仰
Ӱڸʵľʯϣ׿򰵿滨ľƶ͡
Ըꡣ
걾϶㣬ħⶫϮڱڴ˽ꡣҪƶͣΨľ滨ġ֮⡭
\Ӿʯʯϣľ滨Ŀɿ쾳
Ǵвϲҹ׵ԭʼ֮
ǣ쾳ħħϢҪ˶ħɹ֡Ψħס
صİĬã̾\Ŀ֮ƣߵ׵Ӣ
ʱ¹Уׯѻصĺլĺ˵˽ӵլΪǰˡ󷨣ħҽ漴ɢȥ
¹а䡣ҹɱ¹ڵϰǶһĲ˯ΨħٶϮ
¹⽻֯ڵϣ紵ɳɳ졣ͻȻ֨ѽһľűĴ򿪡һλƤƾŮСش̽ԴĴˣŵӵĸӣڵϣŮҲ˲ϣսľӳ񷿣Ψֱ˷֡
ӲܳŮӴӺԺĹӳĺլһ·򶫷ɱһֱץȥ
ҹУŮģһ·ײײܵһ⡣Ȼڵϣ˫ֺʮޱϵ˵ȾңҪָԭӣҪǸ˲úȾң
䣬ֻ̹һĴӶƮŮͷϡڴƵϸ˷ֻգһݣҪȡ࣬׸֮ͥŮӤõ𣿡
Ůĵرֻ֤ʧŮϵƬ䣬ָȴĺģ
ĺѩҪǼǧУ
գ˴ӷڳãô̧̫ͷȥͷ˫µգʢ磬ֹֻǴͷԹ֮Ҫʰӳǣϳűס˶ڳ֮
ĺլڣΧǰţȴٳٲĺʰվ⺰һʱҲӦ𣬷ű޷ƿ
ʰ㺰ʲô
ŵʰתȴӦڷڵСͻȻﲻɻɻ֮ǰģΪСʲô£һϡ
Сû¾ͺá
ʰһǰĺѩȴȻ򿪣ʮغǳ˭׼ôС˵ҰѾͷС㼸û㣬͸ҵűˡյĳ¶أһζûУ͵ȥˣ
ͻȻһٺǳ⣬ʰһƬãȻվԭűֱҳСػػС㲻˵Ժ󶼲Ҫ𡪡
δ䣬ĺѩݺݵһ⣬ѵСʱ˵ҰѾͷԼ͵СͷϣվűСź𣿡
ͷĳ쳹ȣǷ׷׵ͷСѾͷǱĺѩΨ꼰㡣ʰŲžવڵϣίȴԡֻõͷĺѩ˸æܿĺѩȴûһ㣬Ųȥá
ʰܻس˫ͨ׵òϵƿתЩײׯʰϽһס׵
ׯóһСƿݸʰ˵ǻѪҩʰĺСɽҩţҩЧ졣
ׯʰͷҿֽӹƿɤӵл
֮ùŹ֣ׯҩ⣬Ҫԭί̽ʰĺСһͬ󣿡
ǡʰСػشͻȻĿڣô˵СҶɽһڷԣнյʰҲҺСȼ磬⻰ʦǧС
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վһԵʰͷĻǣҲǡ
ţׯȴ˵𰸡
СһֱˣұϰߵģֻЩܰˡ
ׯδʰ̧ͷ˿ԥ˰Σ˵⻰ԭ˵ģǡʦҲˣҾͲˡʵССˣŹϲƢǰ˺üѾߣˡСͬ䣬һֱĴֱȥ˽ڣСͻȻʧҹү˾ѰҹҪʱСͻȻ֡ջС˸һүرТ˳Ҳ׽һֱ졣
˵ׯԼĪ³߰˷֣δڣʰֲˣСǰүֲŸĳĺСǰĺѩ
䣬ͻȻ¡һһ쳹漴һլڻص
뷿ڣƲĺڵɫ԰׻˷ӿׯֻһǽǵĶȥ
ʧǵĺѩڷڴСУׯ˷ǽ׷ϴߡ谵ҹ£һ·УããнŴֻص˶֮ͥ
ٹۺڰѨ̶ڣ̶⣬Լɼһˮ֮ӰˮƮӰں̶Ͽ\붢ˮеĽüͷҹħѾܣħѪȫ֮ܲڡΪһӦûУ
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ѭߵѨǰׯؿڣ˼ʵǣ
ֻһźӰӶڽƽɢһֻ̽Դƽׯ۾ɱ֮ׯԭƬ̺漴ԴȻӤ֮ŮӤձһ㱨ˡ
ŮӤӤ֮йǿߣòƽ̬ģսʱɱɱ𡣺֮Ӥʵﵽ壬ħ\룬ħе֮ս
˼Ƭ֮ׯڵ˭Ѱ˱ĳ˷ͷ
ôΪûбռȵ
䣬һŰ׹Ӷڷɳׯǰһ͸סӰׯͷһΪ֮Ȼ˲֪ԡ
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ֻΧűףڵĻ翣һ̡޳ڹڣϸ֮£ׯģ
һǰѣû뵽δ˳˹»Ұĺúñƻ˵ҪҪΪг𱨳ж
ŮӤζؿׯﾡǸ߸ϵζ뽾ݡȴׯ壬Ϊá
áׯĬãǴӦҪ󣬡ô
ԸϹŮӤһ˿Ц⡣


106 ħ
ŮӤ̸л֮ȥ, ׯ, ˼Ȩ, ȴǿֵԹˢ, ôҲ·̸ɾˣǺεȵ**
ʦҪȥģܲĴߵĲǻĺ·
Ӥʵǿǿ֮Ʊҵ౻ӡĻ壬ơׯǰ, ͷ˼
ŮӤԣ֮ѪܸӦӡڣΪׯ˼䣬ָ, Ѫ̽ħϡⰵ, ̽ħǵָת, ָɽȡ
ѭ̽ħǵָʾ, У¹ǧһɽεضɽ£ʯ䣬Ѿõļʯ, һȺɵִڶڡ
ׯ˸, ȴɵѪϵĽ񡣱Ѫ޹հʯϣ¶ļ˿ɼǣɫ԰촽ѣ˿û׸
ǰ֮ׯȻŭ, ӰͬķŭɳۿʯϵƻʽϬɱˡ
н棬֮ɳʯܡȻħ֮壬ǿŪܽ°Ĺơ
ܲˣ漴ս֣沢У⽣ӰһƬ̳
˽սʱͻȻһӰɱֱ顣ɽֵׯϾ㣬½Զһʦְ֣Χɱ°
ͻȻ׺¡һϵɽȣֻһȺӺӿӦʮЯޱаƽߡ
˽ԱɾϾƣ½ԶׯǰɱС½Զ֣ҶɱתΪء
ڵػʯɡׯ֮˽̧֣ͷһȺӿ룬תͷּǽʼϸ죬Ƭ䡣
սƱˣׯз˳ƶΪǾֹͷڶ߸ݡƳһʯѪİգɺɺԵ˿ڡɭɭ׹ǣĿġׯֻ౻һţݲ˼һҧ¶ģˣʲôԭװȥɣ
ׯԪɡ˿̹ǿİ½ԶӣʱֻսƸǿת᳤磬һب֮ǰκС޾һȺаǰӿׯɱ֮ɱ֮
սСǳûʮףŲǰֻģʱʮѪҫҶѷȻһɫӰʯа֣ɱâɨս֣˶ʱס½Զ״˰ʦ֡ȥסׯ
˽ԱаˣʱŻ졣ǽеħﻺۣòЦص֮ʣһȺаŰΧħ࣬˵δϲǧ̻ع飬ǵһ
ħϷʵȻŮӤˣ
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ħ̸䣬ׯȴһۻѹȶҪѹ顣ǧаᣬƺɨķ
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ڴʱׯץסʱһƴսɢаɱһ·ӳʯߡ
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ҹĺլڣ㷲ׯ˸˶ľս־֡
ׯΪˣ漴쿴󷨼ǿԷ
ڤڤҹգɱľȼҫа֮ѹСǡٿȻһ˻лƳգּO@Ѫ¹ȾʡŨЮľڳǣ£ºӰ˻Ŵӿиֱĺլ
Ѫɹܣ֮УһӰԾݶ½ԶɢֶУ󣬺˰漴ʧӰ
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󹦸ɣ½Զջ֣ӡָ׶ǧ̵ѽ⣬ȥ磬ҵŮӤͶ࣬عħ硣
ܽǧŤͨǣüңЦ¾
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ׯ״ͷЦһŵؽӽڴЦչգСžҲ
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½ԶԹӦһɿ֣رѡ
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ˣׯ붺۸˼ס֫Цж룿
䱻½ԶڴϿЦ˫϶ŰʦֲҪҪ١вУܲˣҪˣʦ֡
ѾЦû½Զ۸ڴ߱ӡµġˡׯСſǻģͣ۸ͷס½Զ˫ʮָѹԴԣͷ˶ǰ鷢ң⣬糺죬΢΢촭ӣҴ˲ߢ
Ƶ̴ľһͬ߶ڷڵѪҺӣϢ֯ԷҲĸԸδ췭ظ˿ֻǰǡ
ʯڣǧӦڣǰħһ֣һɽĻ棬춯ǰĿڡߡ
ʱԷڣ¹ӳ͸ءǳǳڶ½ԶۣԣƳԴ˯ׯ档
̧֣ʳָָׯͷű£ϣָĦ£°ͲšǰһƳǼᣬŵĶƣĻꡣ
½ԶǣЦǸˡ
˿öˣ˻ͷһ⣬ˣҲԸһԡ½ԶīſׯϣĶ㽫ΧǷǡ
˯ׯԺоѹţʶֽ§ڻ§½ԶƬֱ̣֮ǻĴҲ
ͻȻĳ˼½ԶһݣڱסĻʶ֮ʶԻ˵Ҫǰװʦָ˯ˣΣ
䣬ֻӡѣΧʲ½Զ۵õһ˯Ǳһڡ
ӡ׺ݣ·һֻסӡ½Զ˫۽üͷ΢ЦĪռ
Ǻ°Ҷ
䣬ӡٶ½ԶǴЦ˵֮һײΪɡ
ϲ˵ĺӡݾ½ԶðǴ˷ܾʱûӰһɲȻϧܺ˶ӰɣԺװʦ־Ǳˡ
ѰѾܹˣ½Զϵׯ´
İС·ϣƣѪͷ½Զ밵һǰһţ紵ӡںڰź⡣
İͻȻϡ
ֶе½ԶѲ󶯾ЦһδݾҲδͣ£ǲǰСˣҲ֪ظš
УӰʧԶʯׯȻȴغΧǰһƬڣн
ɽա½ԶƮȻ٣ɽۡѹʱǧ̵ϥ񣬽ڡ
ֻħսǰǿƽȻ׺¡һϵԶһɽʱɽѣϵ罫ɽ롣
Ƭ̺һֻߴɽ׳죬ɽߡ׶񣬹ֻϴŴԲϹһȦһȦӤ֮࣬ǿߡһֱֻ̧һɽħħ䣬ǧڵɽŲǧѹɽ겻ɡºǺ˰ۣǧ˽ɽϰߡ
ػɵĶ쳤Х½Զٶȴ߶ӡ֮໯ΡȻȴһų⣬ӦԶ۳תͷ½Զɱۼֿһ䣬¶๥
󣬿˭ŭǳ⣬𱸶·ϡ
ӦԷɲ⣬ŭ𣬴ض㣬󷢿һ㼱һһ޿ӣΪ֮
׷֮½Զܶ
δȫ޷ӷ֮һ±㽻Ƕ˸𡣡˵У뿪ɽۡ
ٹɽ֮£ׯݺ硣ǰ찵أа֣޷̽ۡ
ãȻ䣬ǰͻȻ׹֣ׯѭŰ׹УԶڡγһӰׯϸӰׯȻһЦСţ²ӿ첽
Ŀ⾡ͷ½Զβָֻ󣬿߽ׯЦӯӯһգ
ʦ֡
ׯǰץסȴ˿աǰ֮ǻ󣬴һӽʧȻٶ½ԶվұߣЦӯӯػʦ֣
࣬ׯһǰ½Զٴʧߣٻʦ֡
ץסٴζǻׯ½ԶЮ߲ͣһʦ֣صٻص
ʦ֣⣡
ǰŨɢĿ֮½ԶԹԵվԭص߽ׯСػǰ½ԶδʧԼϲЦͻȻģһ뿪
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ȴǰ˿½ԶЦü䣬ǳǳׯᣬƭҡ
Ȼׯԭضʱ˲סţһƬհס
ʦ֣ƭҡ
ǰ½ԶƮƮ˵仰ȴĨЦ⣬ǽȫȫİ֮˵ΣصΡ
ҲׯجΡ
·ǧׯĿڽʹɫ԰׵ͷʹ֡ȴ޴ӱ⣬ģġ
Ҳģ뻤ģġеʵһ𣬱˼ٵġ
ҪʵĻҪƽϵĻֻΪδϲϰɣᶯİɡϲҲġ
ׯսĿɬһֱﲻɸ˵ѹһ౻ҿ½Զȥ´һˮĭȻҲġ
áׯͷ絶ģ뱣ģҴûж˶ĹԡԶ㶯Ҳģġϲ㡣Ҫ뿪Һ𣬼㡭Ҳ벻Ҫ뿪Һ𣿡
ͷ˵еĿ־壬ׯɳơǰ½ԶһЦ࣬ӰɢׯȻ˹ȥסʧˣغҪߣ
ȻӰã˿աȻһתͷǰһӰƽׯ½ĿѪɫͫޡ
ѹȸӭֱƣׯͷǰ½ԶҷأҫۡſڣȴؿһʹͷһһᴩšһѪѪа·Сһ룬࣬ҫѪĺɱâ
½Զ˫ɫ԰׵ׯѪͫﾡǽЦ⣬ü簵ҹ֮һǣЦЦʦ֣ôƭң
˺ѷ֮ʹׯȽŷ亹˫ֽץס½Զĸ첲ʱ졣½ԶȻγħѪգׯˤڵϣһ̧ۣȴ֮࣬ǰҲ½Զֻг޼ɵȼգڽһȼɻҽ
һΣγѣҷ
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ʦѣѺòãҪңʦ֣
Ժ䣬ׯ½ԶĿ˫ֻۣ½Զſߣ˫ͨ޳ˡ
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½ԶͻȻֹסʣ黹ۿתתͷܲãȻ
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֪½Զׯ°˲䣬֪ʦֵһ棬϶ҲϲĻûһ͹ˡ
šׯ§ŻˣΨһʧҲѰ͹ˡ


107 
ĶͻȻ, һ·Ű, ¹ɱ򰵾, ֮ԫϱڡׯ˽ӵϢͷ¡ܲɽᰡҶ˷ذ, ½Զ¹
ͬʱ¹ͬȷѪꡣһȺڳΪץʳ˻꣬Ϊ׵ǧ̽Ƥ, 漴ģһ
ׯǰʬҰʱȻŭɱɳưٻң, ʽ, һŭֱɱаħ
һ, ǧ̱㷢ƽݺϮ, סͷ­򽣹¹ơ
ʬʱķѣزׯŭ֣հӭֱǧ̣ʽʽ, , ɲǼ䣬ػʯһƬ̳
ӰѸŭ, أҹաׯ߶ԪԪһˣ뽣ֱǧš
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лм䣬ǧ˻ɱһչʽɱׯտڼׯһ۾аɼϮۼ㣬ֻܻɱƴһ
½ԶͻаΧתͷׯΣΣһ̣½ԶϣׯǰתԷɱС
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۰ܲ׷ѰټǰһƬ档Ķһӱǵرɽ֮ƣܵӰ죬䣬аħ㳲ķһҹ֮˶ħ԰հá
ǰеˣȽκζʵԶ֮ϣħǰɱ֮裬սݡ·磬ش
ŭĶһ˦֣Ҷܲݺˤݶٴ̧Ų˹صɽᰡۼӰȻ£ɽᰵϥأһֳħܿش
ۼҪɽᰣʯ䣬һ罣ɳ۶ããһӰɽᰡ
¹ڣׯ˻صĺȻǼɹĺҷͻȻʧ˻һҪȥѰŮˡĺҴС㡢ĺ˵ĺѩԣûʰȭߣŭйѾϡ
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ʱİҹʱ֣ºڷߣĿĮɷϣʿֻǰɽǰȼգ谵Ĺвµ·ʯײ£ÿһÿһʯͷʿ׶ȻءĮɷߵ·һλǳҪˣع
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ʯŵĶϵ˴ӱ̽Դʿϲغʦ𣡡
Ųӣʮֻϲ˵ʦþûˣ
ϵ˷ӣʿ׸ϽǰԴ紺ˮᣬϸǰ˵İ
ǰæԪ𣿡ʿֽ˼Ԫǰɢ󣬶ᣬΨŪ
˸λã˼Ԫʿ׻ѿտգ˫Ⱦϡӳ԰ϣԵ磬ƿһˡ
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ڴߵʿ׿ϲģҲϲ˼֡ϲŭֻ˶
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ֻҪ룬ҶΪ
ҹ䣬ٹս֡Űֱư塣ڵɽħκʵ⣬˲ء
ϣڣɽħ֮սǲ˺ɢӤλӡڰķû뵽굯ָһӼ䣬ħﾹƽٶ˷ˡӤ֣λ
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˵գŲɫۣͷңɴڡ
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ҶѶϣĳΪӹǣʱڻ農
ԭˣлл
˵ؾల岻ĳλɽ
֮Уʱ֮ͥϡлڿлصһֻ߱˿ദһ˿ᴩͷ֮ѪŰ˿˽Ѩڡ۵ڵϴսȴĺģ
ׯ״ϰ˿󷨣ָĺģȻͷѪʧĺ˿׷̬ӡ
ׯǰ˴أͻȻһŴӶѨϮаϮħǱа׹է֣ŨһٻӰڶѨϷζضׯ米ңǺã
һԵĺ˫֣ûߡׯ׷ѰȥͻȻŨɱԾնӰκɱ翣һɱ֮
вŮӤʳĺ֮ͷѪѻָԭòӳ⣬ٶׯʤѩ޶ˣׯŮӤץסʱֱš
һ½Զ״ƶתŮӤ˶Ӽ䣬ŮӤضͳһЦ
˼½ԶŮӤׯһ䣬ֻƳ֮ͥ
ȣׯ½Զɽϣбӳ䡣ܽİľ˶תת⣬صԭأҲɽ·
ҪɽϹҹˡׯѰ·ڴʯ۶֦ѳһš
һԵ½ԶԣɵǰȼյĻӵץׯĸ첲
ʰׯ½ԶԴͷһڣ˿̵Ŀ־塣罥紵ׯǰǰ֦½ԶĶͻȻ˹ȥʦСģ

˵ڵϣׯȴ½Զһֻҧסδʣֻ߲ʶӡׯץ½Զ߶
ʦֲҪж½Զջ֣Ȼׯץšׯһһ³Ѫﾾһš
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ϸƺǱܳׯĿϵˡ˫룬¹µĺֱ֯˴ˡ
˺ˣûˡׯָ½ԶǣЦţĵغŻˣǣֱһǡ
½ԶȵֽĴˣֲ᪻ƣʦкֻܸżʦﲻһҪ˵ҡ
ǣׯЦŻӦ˻صŵλãׯʰ
ǰҫۣŤˮˣ۵׹ƻ˶Ż磬˵֪֡ǻյ̫ɽΪһůͷӿӣֻȣҲĪӿ죬価
궯ĶͻȻתͷԷӼ䣬ĲĿͷ޼ɵȼաѪҺڷڣʿˮʱÿڸͷĪ¶
ǰ˫糺죬ļ¹ӳ͸¸͡һׯ롣
ĪͷļһתׯȻʲô
ֵ뷨ͷδɢŴݼĴͻȻӿϺ䡣ׯʱ֣һ½ԶԼϺƵζ
죬ȣǻյ̫ˡׯ̲סٶȿ½Զǡ½ԶҲ
Ƶ궯½ԶͬܣŵǡЦݣԼܾǰʦֵĴ̤ʵӵӿͷĵĶƮȻƱǼ⣬½ԶĸԸر㹴˻꣬Ȼ䣬ҹλʱͷٶԾļ⡣ʦֹļȪˮʪĳĺ󱳣ȻĿ
ʦ֡½Զţëѡ
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ʦȥģ
еƻŹӦɽ
ʮָۣһǰһׯعͷ½ԶɬسԼЦǽԼȫΡ
ȷ½Զ⣬ׯӿ첽СɽһӣȻһŴȻȻ󡭡
Ȼׯ½ԶҵɽһҿջƹһׯЦӭͿ˵ʦնлˣǲżһǴ⻹סꣿ˵סĺҡ
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ƹ½ˣɻظһ䣿ʦȷһ䡪
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ׯս½Զ֣ȼᶨּС
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Ӥϥأ½Զ밵УֱϾ졣
¹ڣħʧǻȸԾڲĵعˡΪףϲӣ˾Ỷ졣
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ϲؿʨ½Զ̧ͷׯԹԱۡΪʦֻȻûеȵеǣȴһ
½ԶȻۣȴжһԧ壬ϵͬĽᡣ
ʦǡ½Զ忴˿ٿׯ־ϲ
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ͷһ½Զϲ˫۲ģߣ·˿ȥҲԸػӦԸ⣡
ӿݣ½ԶǼһᣬ᲻ص˿ֻЦֺޣ͵ׯ§סӣ
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108 ̹
һֿտ, һ򶨴ݵׯҲмֽѰһĿʱ, ͻȻյϢΪʦкνԭǽǻɽˣҲȹ˵
һɽׯͣǰ̫
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ʦ𡭡ׯ, ɻ󲻽⡣
ۺ, Ĭ÷ڵΪʦδ˵, ̫ᣬ, ϵľԭʼ
ľׯһͷˮţؿ˵ꡣ
֮طѣ䲻ֻа, гԪ֮Լħ硣ϹľΣַӹǧֱ꣬ǰħ\ַʱĲϧȿռ䣬밵κħʵǿ󣬰ǰƽٶΪʦλ𳤺ӡһȥˣıҪξ
ʦ
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ʦׯ̽ʦ𣬲ɰ
ΪʦѾȹ꣬ΪʦΪһš
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ʦ𡣡ׯ˼ãƿ°ڹڵϣµʦջس
ׯ֣أΪڵԼΣ˷̬ȺͰ㲻صҡ
ׯȻͷţҾ̬ȼʦջس
ׯķֶǰλԼĴӣζӳ²˵ú󣬲Żʵжҡ
ǰ˵ͷ
ĬĻӦһׯͰ׵ͻȻãɫʱüͷǵ㵱ɽʱ˵𣿡
ʧף¶۵Сׯ£˺һֱ߽ᣬСׯնȺӢһٶðסո¶ͷǣȺĽ֮ϰһ־ںηСׯԥնص
Ϊ֣֮ѡ
ʱ⶷ת֮־ڶׯһʱƿԣ˼֪ôӺδ˵
һƬžһתȥĪĳԣΪʦ͵ûȥɡ
صׯһݣ뿪
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תۼ˵Դׯʱ泩ɫת硣ôõĻᣬϽȥ
תǰһׯ͵ƿţδű̾ѽѽ
ϻ˯ܲѵһŵûһȱشֻܵһɴһɴͷܲҪ
Ŷׯһ۱Ƴϵܲûװɵ㶵ػܣʦܣʦܣʦأӢٷ硢Ρ˼˰Ķʦأ
һߺһڷңһƿºʦ𣿡һǣʣʦܶˣ
һԵܲڿȥץԵͷݺׯʦ֣
תׯȵؽס׹ͷЦǺǵߵ£͵һģ˵ôš
Ŵܲ۵õһٶһţҧгݵ³ĸ֣⡢ǡ桢ˣ
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ׯӦһ
ʦû˵ʲôɣ
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仰ܲŷģӺڱϣҾ֪ʦ𲻻ôҲ̫𡣲ʲôûССҲ۸ͷϡ⻹Ҫģʦ˼һڵħ֮¡Ҳ϶ڳʲô⣬ɱӦͷӣԽԽţǼ⡣
ͷׯһۣܲ˿кβף˵ҿƣӦҪˣϲʦ֣ǵҡ
˵һ£Żɫº͵ׯʱ࣬ͷŵٳٲܲ˷ģвµ֣ʵʦ֣ܾˣ
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Ĭãׯŵص˲ű
˲űƨ֪ʦ֪˶Ѫϣ֪֪õһöƮƮһ䡮˲űʹ򷢹ȥˣ㣡ǲǹϣǲǣ
ͷָׯһҲڴܲǳ⡣
㵽ʲôǲǺСйأ˵ֽǰסģΣ㾹ôġǲв
ڴ߽ʵׯ̧ͷһۣǲ
˵ܲƺɸһ㣬Աһˣһ̣˷ˣַһ
䣬ܲսʵΣ
һֱׯѡݸһʱ޿̲ԼΣ
¶ܲδ㣬δܻ䣬ҸԸֻǼᶨسŵίȻ
˼úׯ⣬䣬ڿңɼδ̾С۴Ӵţ1
ʲôܲ°Щڴϣ
תͷһһէܲׯЦкβɣûɽ֣
һᵽҶ裬ܲ˲йƤ̱ڴϣĲˣʲôʱ룿ҲûðҲ˼ҿϲС
軹
ԭǹеĻܲ͸̶ģׯǹġ쳯ۣƲǸ½Զܺʦܣ裡
ܲʹļסҧгݲͬһᵽ½ԶׯɫʱͻǲزסЦ⣬мֵ⣬ҼСſûУ㲻оͲУɲ˦
˭У˲˵Уܲ˲伱ˣԴӴִӵۣУУ˭֪ƫͲѡƫġдˡǣҵĻҵģõõã㿴ҲˣҲˣ˰ɣ
˿ð̵ܲͷׯȲʹҪݺ߲ż٣
´ׯһЦһߣתЦС
ڸϽ߰ɣһ꣬ˣ
ڽׯߣܲΪֹſ˿ľƣȻдšׯ빷ڡ
ׯҲգȻߴţ㷭ܲҲˡ·ͨׯƷݶƬݡ裬ֱܲ˺á
գһֱ֮λׯɰȥ֮¡Ȼׯ̬֪⼸Ƿ侲ˣɻмλڣڵʱܰĵ㡣
Ӵʦʲôô񣿡
Ŷʿ׼վڴǰֶӰת߱ߵˡ
ǰ𽫽հ֮估˵ʿħ𸴻ʱͿ̿춫ٶȷӡħ
ʦ֣ɲС£οͯѪʿվԣתŴָϷƵĽ飬аӿ
ˣҴɹ֮ԻԪ׳
ʦ򲻿ɰ
ѶԺʦˡׯǺӣʦܶ㣬ᡣ
˼ᶨʿҲ˾ԵüˡʱֵϧʦֻкźδˣҪҪʦܡ
ֶǰҡҷһٻӰһʱ׾Թ϶գ۱˷ǡͻȻૣź
ˣȥɡ
ʿһתȥƲסϲһӶ
պɪɽϲľ֡½ԶɨѴɨͥԺҶԻԺʦֻҹܼ粻ɽءձǳϦʦæˣʱȵҹż˻˯ãҴ˵˼
꣬ʲôùģô˶Χʦ֣Ųϲأ½Զɨѳһ壬ɨĿҶʱɡ
Ըţ½ԶһûһµɨţѺߺٱ顣ͻȻһӰԴЦСɵʲôأ
Ӵһ½ԶԴתͷׯ˲ֿ˻ʵʦôˣ
ù½Զɨӵһԣׯվǰ˼ᶨ֣֣µҴȥʦ𡣡
ׯ֮⣬½Զ־ϲȸԾ֮мסׯ֣ӵءšһ
ͥԺ̫½Զһ·㷲һ뵽ʦܳ˵µجΡ·Ҫɤۣ½Զׯ֣˿ɿ
ţӦʺׯǣ½Զ롣
̫ڹ߻谵ǰͷҲ̧֪ߺˣͷֽţׯ
кׯֱڵϣ½Զ״ҲæŹߡ̧ͷ˫˫ţд⣬̽ʵǡ
ׯֱͦ壬½Զʮָۣᶨʦ𣬵Сͨʦȫ
㣡Ȼŭϣϵ̨ڵˤƬ֪˵ʲô𣿡
ʯӡʦȫ
ͽץһԵıͲׯëϡﻩһء
ŭߵׯǰɫ࣬ǰָǳΪʦ࣬ӹαӻȴһھܾΪʦΪкοԣ侲գĪġΪΪһӣҪɣڲˣΪʦģ𣡡
˵ץϵߺݺݴׯһ½Զ״һѱסׯǰһ¡
ߴ½Զϣ۵УƳ˼ᣬۿӸµҪʦ֡
Сţׯ§ڻʱ࣬ʱǧϸϣֱҪ
ʦνǶСŲСѾģί
ŭׯƷίȫֱԶײʵѵʦû֮һֻ֮ȫϧ֮֮ܰίˣʦѵûһźɽʦѵ˿ûв𣿹ݣʦոһϧĵõĻʦα˰֮棬ʦ治ź𣿡
ģѪĵдͷûٳ嶯ʱڣȻ²׷
Ĭõׯ˶ãż̾һɤӳˣΪʦ׷պᣬȥ췣ɡ
һӵׯڴ쳣˿òŲӵͷڵʵ޴ΪҪ
㣡ֶƽϢŭʱȼ
ׯηӣΪСŽӣΪΥ׳Ϊ˿ߣ
оǶνĲмģׯ̧ͷᶨʦ𣬵СߣһֱסСׯҪ߸ף˺鲻عһˡ
תׯԵ½Զս֣̬ȼһֿ֮ҡ
ӦԵǰᶨƵׯͻȻȻ䣬ֻصգͬҲһλһֿʦǰȫ
ʱģʱֻվһۿǶԻƵİ£ǻɣʵ档
ʱǵ³Σǵãһλȥ壬Դꡣһλ˫Ȱͬˡ
ʮδԼమΥһֱΪġֱգδ룬Ȼڶ⣬ȻԼϡ
֮սںϣֻͷءĬãջڣƺǻӦ£ƻӦȥɣ֮Ҳ֪ȥɡ
һɫĲ𳤣ﾹмίȫɳƱ˪ˡһ̣ׯͻȻʦˡ
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ʦ֣ʦӦ𣿡½Զקקׯ䡣
ûСׯ§ס½Զ׵գҲûܾô
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ҹڱׯ˫ֳ½Զ࣬ͷˣᡣ
½Զǰ鷢ׯŨһǣĺۼòɢĥ䣬ׯҧ½ԶĶǣס˱ͳһƣ½ԶƮƮɣˡ
ˡ½ԶͷƣǻУ̲סЦôЦ
ЦÿׯҲã½Զ°ͣƻɫ˸ðˡ


109 ʦĲ
, , һƬҶ֦ͷ䡣·ϵСŲɨأмλĴŵУ
ľ֨ѽ죬̿ȼֻʣһѻҽ㸡ǳǳϹıͻȻʼ䶯½Զӱſؿڣĳׯ䡢ϡֱϡ
, ׯԺۡ, ½Զׯ, Цʦ磡
½ԶԴׯص硣
չ⴩϶ӳ͸, Ķƴ䡣ӶЦ, 峿һǡ
ǳϦ, λ𳤽ꡣǻû, ǻ, ÿ궼硣
ׯġ˫ϡ֮һׯн, ˭ܴһƬ׽ûдʦֵϣڼҴ硣˵ׯ粻ʳ˼̻oֻԶۿɼ·߷ïı, ء
һֱԺᣬ·ʦǼĻŭţʦҲֵÿ׷׳ʺá
ʦֺãã
ʦֺãã
ʦֺãúúã
Ǽʦأ
ʦ̫ء
תֱ̫
̫⣬ׯһţ̧ͷּһӰ׺һǽڳС·ܡ
ԶԶİɫӰͼܰȾ׷׷󺰣Сϰ˸Ҳ׽ʲôѽ
׷ҸϣׯħϮʱûôƴּȥͼκʵ൱ׯĽṦʤһֽȴΡ
ׯֱġСˣһֻһ赶Ūǹȭ򡣻ػضսÿ仰ܾ׼ׯŭ㣬Ҳ֪ǲı졣֮ÿһҪׯ˳һЩׯȻ
ǶҹԲ磬ׯصһԶλã½ԶڽҺ˶࣬ѵһۣ˼Ҳûߡ
ǰ漸˽ĿˣղɵĴͳÿλ𳤵ĴӱһΡ
ĮɷʿϵĴ󷨱任ʵ˾ֱ۽硣𳤵ĴҰһ׹ƨͨʫӹţ˿ͿعƳޡ
Ķλַ𳤵Ĵֽһν裬ֵģʧȤʿޡ
ǰ𳤵Ĵׯ궼轣һûȤŪɧ˰ī
ߵǰׯëʣͷŰֽ˼Ƭ̣ߡ͸ִֽʼ䣬磬Ȼ֡
ĩ
ֺ֣һվƣسׯ˳ִׯ׽䡣ׯÿͷҲؾԭλ
ɿԵ˿գϰׯԽԽͷһׯ
ɽ±죬̻貣ǻӳÿϡŵƽʣ߸߹ң˿öƱϲ󣬻Цףƽ
ںϲЦտҲʮֻϲƽȻϼӹ̣ܽ·æѵüһ棬˵ףԼĺӡ
Ц𣬽յɫҲͻࡣƱ˵ˣǾӭ£Ը¾ƽн񳯡
˽ԾٱӦƼһϯУЩͶϵʦʦпʼǽԼ׼͸Ľ֮ˡÿÿʱʦǱҪʼȱ˭յ࣬ȻλʦֲڱȽϷΧ
ǰ붼֪궼ʦʦ࣬б仯ׯ½ԶʦϢ˰塣˵ˣﶬߵ߶ų
ѹĵϵʦǣͻȻ֪ӣ۶Ƶ½Զһҹ֮䣬ϣعǺʦÿ޳ǡ
ڶ˶ź׵˫ۺͺȦʧʬ⣬֮ͷƣһʮӣŹ
ʦʦǼ½ԶǸʹޣ֮˫ƻ½Զ޲ýƤ
ϦҹмλСʦòģؽõ͸ׯ꣬ׯ֣պòѡȻȻ⡣ǵܽӶĹǷ׷ܴ㲻ǰţԼλӰ
һԵ½ԶЩ֪ôˣͻȻбʲôͷһһֽ
ǰźֽҿׯ̿ЦѹǮ
̧ͷׯ½ԶϲؽѹǮڻﱦһպá
˾ٱڣƻסѽڻ죬̲ס̰ÿ˵Ͽʼ졣ɽģͣЪ½ԶһׯĴսͷĶߣϸʦ֣µһһϲġ
߱˷½ԶĻȴӶͷׯЦһս߻صɹˡ
תҹ˷׷ϯžɽѩѩе׺ѩƮƮࡣһ£㼱Ҵϡ
·ϣԶԶ㿴ׯͷСֹʲô멣ѩȻҡͷīɫ΢ƷΡ˿Ʈ裬ʱػǰ
ÿǺÿҹ˯ܳѩǲҩ
ͷѰҶʧʱǰסȥ·ׯ̧ͷһ
ɫȻһׯõù
ƤЦׯ
ׯʱʧģòã
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ׯһۣĵǲһ㲻𣿡˵ձתﳤȥ죬ֱڶ
Ĺ뿪˫ֽ汧ۣвزסЦ⣬ׯĶӵıӰ󺰵СܿЩ׷
ԻɽͷصׯһЩˤࡣ˫ȭѹͷŭҧгݵܡ
ԭزţС
в
ҩ
ҹ
ҾͲСܣ׷˿ɾ͹Ǹˣ

ׯܻڣѵһմţ̡
ʼٸܻЦòò⡣
ʦ
ЦÿͻȻһŵһ¡˫ֱǰֵĳ֮ʵ
⻰ŶԣһɵЦɶʦ𶼻ȥˣôߣ
ӽݡ
֮һͷˮѭ߿ǰδһֻӣΪʲôҪӽݣӲӦ𣿡
һЦǿЦ⣬ɿһһֻӰоɼĲÿѩͷȣҪһҹ˵ˮιҩˣ߱ӣɣ档Ҹ˵ĥ˵ǿиҩ㣬С˿ˣҲҿ˺ˣ˵ò档
һͷˮĳ֮·ڿɵһ㣬ƲƲʵӻӾ
̲סͷЦصͷͬ⣬ţȷʵǸ֡
ˣȻȥɣһ¡ų֮ߴɽ
㲻ȥҪ
˵С졣
ҹãã©˳˿ׯڣƻͨ½Զſڴкᣬ֡
ϵׯʶգʶ磬˫۽˫Ǻ죬̴졣ҹѩľɼ
üͷ˫߬űӣﲻͣૣͣػһˡ
㡭㣬Ҫһȥ㡭
ʶң߳аħ֮ħݾЦݡʹʬ塢µѪĿϵͷ­űߣһһظУׯֻһһؿţΪ
ʱׯԵ½ԶᣬǰܲׯĲ˵Ҫסֹ߻ħ
뵽⣬½ԶϽҹӣ˫ֿƲסطϷĺҵһ롣
Ψֲֳ½ԶˣѨλСȥ½ԶҲǺҲ˲࣬ëššزׯǰĺżſϸʦֿѽ
֮Ϥڴһҩ˵࣬ʼ磬ת뿪
ǰչ˵ģԺλˡ


110 
ѩ, ɽѩֻʣµơΪѰ־, ʿĴߣüĿ˻δӽĿڣȴͻȻ֪صĽšٴαͻƣа
Ϊ֤֮ԸУɽͬеĻʿסׯ
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Ҫ, ֻһ˵ĳ֮е÷Ĵһ·йԺ, в, ϴ媲ӦôôԺϴ·
߽֮ȣֻ½ԶȪ۵ʯߣӸ߸ľϸô
æòֺ½Զ, ֮ƲģһβͲ˦Ĳӽһ߿Ĵ羰һʵڸ
̧ͷ½ԶӸµĳ֮ع´껵ˣʵصϴ·
ߵľߣ֮ùβͲݴ˴·Ű䴦һ壬òҲ֪Ǻ˵ġʵׯģ
Էֱʦգ½Զɫһ̧ͷ
ʦеϴ佣»Ƿ㡣ׯ֮ԻϴׯӵľҲһһϴԺ󱦱һպáŲñ˽ӽʦֵĶκ˶ʦ֮
½Զŭ֮иãľ裬˫ֽ汧ۣ֮Աǵңʲôϴģҿ˾ͶġΪʦֲʦָø֮£ͻװǻơ
ѵ½ԶľȻŭǰ֪ôĳ֮Ȼǰ˿ûľԹ˵ʲô˵ʵҿҲϺͿˣѡšߣʦָɫ
֪ʲôʦֲ
ޣ֮½Զһڣʦ֣
ʦ֣
ʦ֣

Ϊ˴ʦøһԺ
֮һ£˼һתִмһ˵һĵңʦ֣ʦʲôׯǸαӣʯ׳ǣͻȻΪ⣿˴Ϊö˶˵ģǻͻȻսħģɾֻǣΪٿط˵ħƾնУ˻ǮǺƭĪһѣᣬׯǸ
־䶼ɹȼ½Զеŭ˫ֽȭӡ趯Ѫɫͫ֡էȻаɨйᴩ֮š½Զޣü𺣬ĿݾŭȵҲ˵ʦ֣
䣬ӰѸȻڳ֮ǰֻסӡһ֮˫ŽաǺ˲䱻ߣֻһգɥڴˡ
ŭգ½Զ֮һͣһ֮ʣͻȻ⴫ϤСš
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һչǽǣׯ㱻½Զ˸˽§䣬̲ˣҲ߻ˡ
ĻԶԶ߱߱ԹСǲ˷ô죬ֲ㡣
䣬չһ۱ԶȪ۱ߣڵͿȵĳ֮Ͻǰ˷ϵͺ󱳣Ϊ˳
֮ôˣϢ˫ۻɢȻһ档
Ǻ֣üͷ΢롣
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ӭɻĿ⣬½Զץׯ
Һ϶˸üʱ֮żһֹסޣ·˺ôί߻ʹСӵСѾͷ£ͣס˳嵽ׯǰָ½Զ
ʦˣҿ㻹Ǵȥ˰ɣ㴦ɽŵׯ³߰˷֣֮ʦĻ
ѵׯֵøʲôƵģЦеصͷӦϣʹȥɲƭ͵ܡ֮ȥҩ
ϲקų֮뿪Ȼ֮վԭأׯߡ
Ҳ֪ʲô񾭣ׯͻȻĿڲˣ쿸֮ܡ
Զׯת§ס½ԶеʱӰ٣תһ̲ˮᡣ
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һת½Զ㿴ԶǽǣһվЦЦݼֱ糤ëĺ⡣ͷƤ飬Ż
Ұÿÿ½Զ㼷ĨΪԵЦݣҸоãΪȻȲһЦǵׯҲׯڶʵϣ½ԶÿοͼģׯݸһЦֻ뽫ͷҲЦٸѧʦ֣㽫ȥι°תôġ
½ԶԼҰдϲΪڵԼӽϽǰֺãΪ꺮ůСԶѽôôϴ·Ķˣʦòã
Ұӽ֣½ԶľȾߣ˿ᡣߵȱߣȴҰվ֮һˣɫ԰ףһ٣೤ɢڼͷĵüһĲҰסڰ½ԶΪԼ˹
ҰʦܡԣòԴΡΡ˿ǽȣپƴľżģм½ԶȴǷǳã϶˿Ī
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ǰϥأϣؾ롣ԣ־ҲϢ־֣ɴ򿪵õ֮⣬ϰѽӡָָտɴ
ھʯϵ\˿ŪָͣѪѾһ꣬ڵˡ
ׯɽѹգһ㡣˰ͰԼ飬ΨһˣҲվҲǣҲԲ˯Ҳ˯š
˭˿̶µ½ԶӦϸĦ⻹һʦַֿʦֲ߼ֱ꣬ȿ꣡ʦѽ
Ӧǣ½Զ˻ΣչӦ΢Ĺ⡣覣¡½ԶǰСţʦ֣ڸѽ˵Сˣ
Ӧ½Զ˲һֻйƤǰ£ԴɵͷСԴϿʼ˼롣
ʦִ˿Щʲôأûˣʦûл˻ԲѰɣôô죬ԲԣʦҲڣҪҲʦˣԲ˼ΪʲôأѵϢʦûа˯ϰߣӦòǡǻʲôأĪ󷨣ϾĻ
ʲôôסʦ֣½Զ˼粻˿ߺһ֮ȥ
սħģɾֻǣΪٿط˵ħƾնУ˻ǮǺƭ
ʦ־Ǹαӣޣ
ͻȻ½Զͷһȴ֪Ӻα⡣յԼԴԼǴϡ
ʦôãô˵Ļ
ԴԼ½ԶͻȻһȺʦǴ
ʦֻˣʦˣ
ʦ֡ϲ½ԶէȻϥϵģż棬ǰ鷢紵Ҳ˲ϡ
ȾͷһɫӰ֣½Զ͵سˣ§ŲӣϲίǼһᣬԴſǻʦ֣ڻˣ
һأׯͣѰ½ԶתӰ˹ׯαס½ԶԷȥһ߱ߣһ˵𣿡
ׯӲ֣½ԶüЦؿׯͷӦ룡رر룡
Ҳû۸㣿
˶٣½ԶҡͷûУǡеҡ
мɻ½ԶβСԼҲšǰЩʦֵˣСֺԸǸȴЩҺǳԶԶģè
ֻ֪ʵׯ֣Цǣǵɩɩ
һ죬½Զ˫շ̣мɬϸʦЦҡ
ĸšׯãδ½Զͬ˼
ǲǳˣƨԲˡ˵Ż˵ֳ¡
ǵĶ½ԶǺ죬Ӷ쵽ӣϺͷðһɿİ̡ׯ˲䣬ˣ㻽ʦ֣
̿ׯЦû˿нӿһů⡣
˲ˣ㣬Һúס
ҹ¹𨣬Ҷ졣
֮ϵĶӰݽúׯһݵ½Զǰ򿪿
򿪰澹һȹȹ»һΣ½Զȵؿׯգۡ
ʱ·һҵƼҾúʺˡĳӦ̫Сϸҿ
ȹҿǰȻ½Զ־ϲׯϲЦǰսϰʱ˵ҷġ
ߴ˵ķ磬½ԶƮƮ߻أ·ˡ
һO@ׯվ߱Ŵ齵á
ԼĪƬ̺һʦ֡
ɫˮ͸ֽ½Զϡȹҷأӳձ̲΢Ӱںڳһ٣ʤѩ¹۳γԴԴϵϸӿ΢׾ϸݲȾ̳ϸü޳촽˪;վˮܽأ˽ģÿһ綼ׯĴϡ
ǰ׵Ķģׯ񡣻½Զǰ۽΢죬Ƕȥָѹɤģ
ҡҷһ컡֨ѽζ˫ӰѲ֪٣īׯϣ뺹ˮơ
糺죬Ũء½Զ˫ֳׯ࣬ȹ볨¼ͷͷ˽һЦŴŴػ๫
๫½Զһһ磬סׯ߬ӵָԼ̵գȻЦ๫ϲô


111 ܾ
ŵ, ׯӵ񼴿ɽѰ־
תѾ, ׯ׼֮ʣܲͻȻסһƼҳץסС֤һ㣬ʵʦ֣ǲʲôû˵ջһ½Զָ
ʦ𽻴ˣ֪Ҳ޷ׯ泩ߵһԵʯǰ, ˸Χǰ
ϵĲ, ׯ˸һյ, ݵС͸ңѹʮꡣҿǳ, ǵ׵ܵöԴ, , ȻҪߵܵá
, ׯס½Զ, ʮָۣᶨҺС, ʦ̹ףδҲ⡣ֻǣϣףǡ
ǰյݵȲ裬ܲƳԵҶһֱͷ˫ַϥϽ߬½, ͷϸϸ콫Ĳյݵǰµؿׯ˵㶼ô˵ˣǾ㲻Ѳɻ棿
ͷҶӹǰյĲɵһڡ
ܲϺȲ裬Ҳɲ٣ׯЦʦҲ߯ˣ嶼˲ŸǡǵһϢˣֶ㲻ϡʲҪԷҲ顣
˵
ջã˶̸Ŀڡ֮ʣ½ԶƳׯ촦ǳǳĺۣ֡һ뵽ʲôγֵģ½ԶʱǺ뿴ֲҿʱʱ͵鼸ۡ
˵쳣ׯƫͷһСɵӾ֪ʱ졣ԴЦʲô
ֵ½Զһ£ͷսׯڣͼסĿĺۡ
ȷӦ½ԶΪɵЦʱׯεһת
мɬϲ½Զׯಽơ½ԶСֹסСָׯͷЦס֣¶Ƚʮָۡ½Զ٣һ£̧ͷׯһۣͷϲסĸ첲
չģգϲһƣҹǳ貣ﳽ¶Օѩ÷ҡǴ±ɽӣ᱾
ǰУһ·ƫԶ֮ءݡԳ֮˵صĻʳǡ궼ûã׽ѡ
Ƴ󷨣˽ڣֳ˽ǰЦ˺˵ʱƾתԴԲͬʾˡ
ǰʳǣסһλ·ѯʻʳڡ˸֪йػʳǵһϢ¥˲ɢ
ʵ¥֮ڣׯͣǰ
ǰһưܻľ¥½ǽһ󶴣һֻ˶ǽǹչ
ӲͷƤţõ¥Ӧʺ̤롣һţһ̴˱Ƕ¥ǽϽֻϳżֵƵĴµĵҲѵһʯ̾͡
֮Ȼͬܲ۵ĻƽϹۣҶҲĿתضž鱦۷Ź⡣ׯܣ֡
ͻȻһӵȻ¥Ĺأ
䣬ֻһλⱦ󸹱ƴֻ߽ҹת
ׯʵ
Ҫ̽Ϣǵı
ׯ˼һù壬˵ĳ֪ʳڣ֪ɷ¥⣿
¥δӹ壬ֻһۣȻȤǺ񣬿ϧҶǡ
ܾ彻¥ɨˣ彣󷽵Ȼǳĳ⣬Ҳѡֻ鱦ƽҼˣ㿴¥ڣʲôûУóһʵûģ²ź̸ҿ彣¥ھȱһڱа
㳤óõͦܲõ
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ǰ֮ʱ¥صͷͬ⡣
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ʦ֣㲻ܽ
ǣ˭֪ڴʲô⡣͸ҿʵø졣ܲ͡
Ǿİɡׯ˳Ļ˵

ǣʦ֣׻˵᲻źײǣ뻢ѨɵûӣСҳɾʹҡĽ°Ǵһ
裡վһߵģ
һһһ̫ȭԸԳܲңûʳǵλá
·ܲ޷޲ƽŽűߵʯӣ˫ֽ汧ſ֨ѣԹǾǺ۸ң
޴⡣ׯ֣¡
Ҳ޴⡣Ҷ֣ͬ¡
˸ʳǣһǣĳͻȻرգһ֮Сӳ·ߵĽУڼеӭ
·ûˣ˾ߡͻȻͷһһưֱԭ˿վ·ߵĽͻȻ뻮һɻǰ
һţֻ˹ؿ޺һλ׷ԲԵڴϣݰ꣬ǰһѽ˶һо㵣ǰѽܲң
ȥôҵĽ䣬ܲϽ졣Ȼ˵ȥĻóȥˮοִܲɤӡ
ˢˢſڵܲĿ⽹ܲسԼһ⣬ʲôлӿڳ죡
˵ʲô㷽˵ĽһλվָܲΡΡس
ܲ޴ӱ⣬űߣҲ
ΪĬУ׷ŭҪ͵һׯ״Ͻǰ˵λ侲Ρʦܵ彣Ž¥֮ҵȳ˵ûжֵɡλ֣ĳΪɴ¥֡
˭һΪҪģ
²ɵׯ
ԭǲɡ齱һλ۵ӻȺׯǰ۵֮Եδջܼ֮ˡ
űƽӣׯ˶٣ص֮ĳʦ𡣡
ԭˡ
ǣЩ˲ţ֮
֮˼ͻ˺ɫΪŹЩˡ
ֻߵׯǰº͵һز֮ˣֻǽ־棬ҲΪλ˵ʦ¥ɷϸ˵
ȥ֮󣬸ֶ˼Ƭ̣ȷʵΣ¥ʵŹ֡λʦ彣λʱ԰ɡһ˵˲㣬ʦҲˣ֮ŭƽ¸Ǻã
лׯʵ֪кδ㣿
˵ðҲð죬˵ѰҲѰ졣ð֮ڣȻʦ彣ǾʦڳмգʦϴɺȻ޻˵ѰڣλʦǿֻҵҲǶ֣⡭
ׯδŸ˵ꡣ
λʦ彣УҵλܡץԭһҷģҲɱƵٴηʦΪΣ
ȵȣ˼Ҫҵ˹ĸаҹүһ԰缦ܲһҪʱ̲ȥˣͲŸͷָűˡ
ȨһׯصãҴӦ㡣
ʦ֣ܲŻ˿̱һֻйƤüؿׯְ
Ҳ֪ôġܲڣ˫ֱַϥϣɷнµ߶Īھһһ߰οԼͬͬţɹʮкͬţﵱ򲻹򲻹
Ϊ࣬ׯ˷ͷ¡ɽҶǰ¥ׯ½Զʳǡ
·ɽᰶ˸¥ҶǰţͻȻһƾ֮ɱľķѡҶ辪㵵ػͷɽᰣʦñ
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һţֻɽһ䣬ҷصɴɨķϰݺ߸¥ӵڷϡ
˭ѽ˭ô󵨣ҿǣҿǡ
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ϢѲߵĽһҡȻׯǽϹһͼţͷһյĳǷڵĺں졣
ͼׯ߽ϸ½Զڶһǽϵ󴥻ءͻȻǽ΢΢µĵʧ½ԶʱСׯ½Զأһͬ밵
ͬʱڵܲȶ֣ӽ𣬱ŵһ㡣ʱŵⷴŲŴ˲һʱΪθоҲû˲̶ֳȰɣ
ɻܲȴ޷ת
ãܲȻۣд󾪡
ͻȻһ׹ĺӰȻֱִ֣ܲ书֮ܲУ޷·磬ˡ̿Цһһתܲĺ
Σ֮ʣͻȻһʯӵ̿תͷһֻׯվſڣƲɵ
ʧս޷ȡʤ̿һУ괰ӡ
ӹŹǰܲ˿ûнٺϲϲˣׯʦְֺΪһиմţϧʦܹҵƷôļư
˵ô㲻ˡׯת뿪ܲϽƤЦֺá
ʦֺʦ֣ôˣ
Сҹ̽ʳǣ󴥻ز¿ƣɱ֮ˡ
˾ңѲߵĽظŵĿͷһţɽҶæϻأ֪¥븱Ĺϵ
˼أ¿ǶӦ֮ʱͻȻһŶ
ͻȻŴ󿪣һȺذΧì׷׶׼ˣɱ˶֮ƴ
ׯƺƵĽʵǺ⣿
䣬ֻһϤɫӰȺл߳ȻӦ͡
䣬Ȼһ䡣ӿˣ⽣Ӱݱݡ˶ԷгɱΧ
ս⣬ڤڤҹգնӰׯ븱УްׯΪԶʵ⣬ˡڼׯӰ裬Ƿɼ䣬һϸĳͬʱҲ˻ܣɾ
ۼܾѶһУûߡׯ˽׷󣬴ȣŵҡŽգ
ׯ׷ʱȻأǰһƬãȻ˫ۡ˾ǰУɳʯĿׯѰۣ˻ӽ֮ʣͻȻһݶ
ӽҵĸǵ˴˿̽Աޣض޼ɵعˡׯֽУκͨ򣬼غϱϳ롣û˷׷·硣
Σ֮ʱׯܲ󣬽С˳ûӣѰ彣
Ȼ۷ʱڵûӰׯѭ̽ħǵָʾӻʳ׷ݡ
ǰһ޼ʵĺںеİսԱޣʬһƺƵ߽룬ͻȻ³ֻһƬɺںƮɢںں֮С
ׯϵĳˣȻȺȴͻȻϮׯ
ӿϣӦԣӰ¹ͻȻХ졣䣬ɽʯݡһӰ棬ڿգ־֡
Ѫ׼ҹ쳤Хţͷ㤺ˣſɫ졣
Χߣһǿ͸аֱҹ˹ƣҹѲãδȫȽֺơ첻սΧˣûߡ
ׯ׷֮ػʳȴںŹ֣߶ڵ̽便Ӧа󵷹ׯ˽ͻȻɽںγ׵飬ߵ޻ָ˵ģоȥĳ
ĳмׯ˵ľ֮֮ʳǡԣԭһֱǸ£ֻһܡѪ׵ޣ֮ǰŸɱׯ͵͵ţǷɱ
Ӻںأ·ϡׯͻȻ·ߵĹԼ͵Цмλҧ佻ͷϸؿȥʱЩɬ棬˼ӡ
ֲ֣ׯǰУͻȻԵ½ԶͷɵЦٴԴЦʲôأ
ץе½Զסׯ֣ͷЦҺøˡ
ʲô
ǻĽʦֵĻϲУϣõʦֵȻ½Զסׯĸ첲ЦȻѾʦֳԵ
ӶЦӿһů⣬Ӱ
ʳڣºĳٻݣðհҵׯͳڣѯ־䡣
գ죬ּȸСͥԺڣׯ˼־һ¡ͻȻһӰĵׯǰϣ§Ųʵʦʲôأ
롭ׯסϵˣĬƬ̣Ժסá
ţǲסڰô½ԶɻؿׯӲȻ򣬾ϲЦʦ˵
ԺСڼֲݣΣ
ѽãҲҪʦȥС½Զ§ׯĲʽȨһ㡣
ҲǣҪʵڲ벻ǸӰҰҾͲȥˡ
Ҫ᲻á
ׯЦҡͷ½ԶԴ˵СôСϲСôϲͲˡ
ȻʦֵĺӣϲʦֻܶҺá
ѽׯ½ԶĹĵЦãȻϴкôأϰҲãҲգɣɼҵ϶Ůˣˣȣ˲赹ˮϸչţ˵ŮСްҲҪСްĻͼްɡƤʵģϷϿѰ͵˶ȥֻҪɻ²ˣһƽ֣ңڣҲ㾡ְˡԺǣȥɢҹ죬˵ģ˺ԵͲɢˡҪǱɲļޡ
ʦֲ˵ɥ
úúã˵ɥӻûôķعѡ
ׯһһ佲½ԶȲͷʵʦ֣ʲôʱѽ
ˡׯḧ½ԶԴָ⻬ң̫ƽҾʹɽ
š½Զſׯţ˯ţ㱼䣬·ĿԺʦֽ깦λؼңŸĸ㡣׷СιΧת
ðʦѰһ½ԶȸԾڴһյ
һѨڣҹܸׯˣסƫƫੲݡҹȻŭʳԪ겹ȫ壬ʱ
гҹٶȽʳǣڰĴӴܡׯ֮սսУҹȶȻ쫷ϯˡƼӿ峤ա
˱任ƣ󷨣ܡʽȣҹУɽۼֿ죬ɱʯ֮ʣҹǰͻȻɽᰶӡ񽻷䣬ɽͻһƺһֻƽץס
ɽ᰻ҹǿ롣ֻңǽ沢УᴩƬ֮ҹ
ľ־ׯǰպã̻ɽ֮ʡͻȻдϤĻе
ϵͳˣ֣µһף彡⣡
ׯ˵ص㡣
ϵͳ㻹ô飬ðɡϵͳˣϲⲻ⣡ݣ跨½Զں
ׯ񣿡
ϵͳȷ
ׯҲ
ϵͳ˵һ飿
ׯҲҲˡ
ϵͳ˵
δϵͳ˵꣬ׯϵٸ½Զˣ֤
Ե½Զׯüͷµģס䣬ʵʦôˣ
ҳһŵ˼ϣׯ½ԶЦЦû£ǻȥ
δ˵꣬ǰĻʳͻȻѷ졣ʯӴܵ˻ǵ޷УǱʯڶƬݡ
ׯǰȳˣȴһϺبڱ˴֮䡣ֻվԭǰ˱ʯҶ˫ȣʹڵ䶯Ҫھľͷһʯûܶط죬Ԩʬ޴档
ֻƬ̣Ƭ֮󣬵طϡǰһƬƽأ·𷽲Żĵ˵Ҫѻݱ簵һ㸻ĵԼĻ룬·߹ÿһǻֻеϲѪڴ۵ׯģģҲġ
ΪΣΪΡ
౻һţׯԴһƬհף˫ȷ
ϵͳϵͳѣδ񣬸ݡѸʽԴٴǿԴ
ׯΪʲôΪҾܾ񣿡
ϵͳ֪ɡ
ׯɣ
ϵͳûΪܾǵĺڻԵɷ仯йصĸᱻʽξܾ߾ܾؼ񣬶½Զ޷ɹڻɻȫʱ罫ȫʽҲ޷صʵ硣仰˵˶㡣
·ǧͷׯֻΪ˽ģ˸ᡣΪѡΪѡ񸶳ۣ
һеĳŵǼٵģǻ˵ģһʱͱ½Զ޷ȫͷǸһж޷ֲȴҪѡ񣬻ûѡ
ʦ֣ʦôˣ½Զҡׯĸ첲ݷ·ʳ˼̻
ͷǰˣׯܣ˵ĿɬͷӿϺ䡣˵ڣҲ޷˵ڣãȻ޴صͷૣСţҡҡ
ֻһȴ߸ʷȫڣпʵݺݵسһ⣬޷ȫ


112 ֮ս
ׯ˲, ڼ־²˳, ʿׯ˼ǰǬء
ѪϼȾʣǧȺ񾪷ɡһ۳ѹֱķ˾ǰС
룬ߣ·ȹѺ䤱ʿׯ˺־صףʩƵ棬ȡ֮⡣ͻȻһ, źӰӵ, ֱ˶
, ͵ȡ˵Со, 㻹ʲô浣֮ס
˵֮Ǻ, ɡհ۸Ǭ, ʵ֡
, ˵, Ҫõǿ, ˭ңԼɵ˶ռ˵ȥˡ
վں͡
֪Ǭصĵ֮Чȡһʱ൱ꡣֻԶõ, ƻˮƽ⡣޵֮ˣıǰաִԺ󣬵һɾȡõһͬ顣
գɲ֪ĵõϢ˵ɵǰǬ͵ȡһټ𰵾ޣŤתǰսΪơһڵǰʦΪ棬۸εȴҲҪɢɡ
ֶ߽࣬δһԡһԵʿ׿˿˫⽣ŵգЦѽᡣλʦˡǽ˵أ־ȡ֮⣬ڵǵûκԽ
֮⣿ɻƺ˵֪պ֮֮ͬЧϸǬصĵһͬȡãƥǴĲֹе⣬֮⣿
⡭ڣʿֹ޴ӱ⣬쿴𣬡ʦ˵䰡
û˵ˣĿãǲɱɵֹһԹԡֻǹ˼û뵽ҵһ̾޼ɵգҺɱ氵ʮе
䣬ֻ罣Хִɱ
ɣ
һӵϣн棬ػʯɡĹڣӰѸɱݺᣬ鲼̺ۡɳۣ磬ʽʽɱ顣
˽ּ䣬ɳʯҳңɱƴһͻȻ˻ƽлڿƶĤͷʹ࣬ʶҡ
ȻаӰȺмٴ󣬿ģǰӰ࣬֡ԶǧӰжӶаǬء
а飡Ⱥв֪˭δ˵ֻ꣬а˻һ£Χ϶·һգ۵Ĺ򣬷Ż׳ֻʣذ׹ǡ
˺һͣδӦӰѸ֮ͽ׹ǣȳ
ʱڰѨڡ\ں̶ĿͻȻһʹĪʹͻȻһǰİʱˡ
һ񣬰ͳһѪơֻһźƮŨȻɢ
ٹ۸Ǭأ˱аɱֳǰ׹Ǳأǿа飬ֻ֮絶׸
谵ߣζ˷ۿӡʦһһʹȥսֶڲ
ֻôֻô
Ҳ
ҪҪңڵһȥҪ
ۣ۰ɱɱң

ааЦĹڻصѪĭɡ˽ɱΧͻȻ𶯣һХ
ĹдŨڸɽȡ鰵УӰ֣׳࣬ףƺƵӥﻢӡ
еӰׯͻȻһ߾ħ
תͷ½Զȴؿڣüͷ˫ֽŽ½ԶһаҴܣʮܡȻģĻ棬İĶѨ翵ĺӰѪ𡣼Ϥİֺû
ħͻȻ٣ң֮̾ǰħսȻ¡ħ棬ƽءֵĸһһЧΨж
һа飬һħ˵һΨƴܶһˡ
飬սֿƲסĲ¶ɱ֮ʣͻȻһаɨķһաֻڿҫаȻ䣬ҷ
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ǰ״ϣɻ󣬷׷׿ɽӵħֻħ쳤ХϬϯաа麧˽лŽ¡˫а棬ս˲ưħˣʱʯɽݡ
ʱʯͷţηη̽Դħ٣ʱĲ١ħˣħڣǵþˡ
ǻŸϽϰϽħһаŴߴԭصˡ
ͬɻ벻⡣ΪħͻȻ֣Ϊλǣѵħйأ
ԥǰͷԵżȹϵϣ޲ǸľѼϼܣϽϰǲ͸Ͻϰ
һԵʿ׼״ͷЦָֻܿɽģ˵˵ĵ˾ѡħǰԪˣҵһټΪν벶ȸںΣ
ʿ׿ڣ˵˼ʼҡȺУտԶɱҵ˫а㷲Լţ֣µţʿǰҵȸɿҲǰ취Ӧ䣬Ҳù
յһȰ棬ųĬƬ̺ͬ˴˵ɶͬˣ׷޳ɡ˲ٳ̼ս֣ħֶԿа顣
ȣâɱħһͬɱа飬˫кʧɫȻ֮춯أ⽣Ӱ䣬գ̣֮ذС
ͻǿУ˫лаʱʧϷ硣Χ乥ƣ֮屻ᴩԳΡ
սϣսݡħѵϡ񶷱ϼˣаսʧɾڽڰˡ
սУɳۣׯԪɱצа顣ͻȻӰУֱׯһԵ½Զ״ɱΧׯ󺰵ʦСģ
䣬а׹ڽڡ½Զׯܻа顣޼䣬лУɱа
вϲ½ԶһׯʦֲսվʦˡңɼܹͬС
һֱճ棬½ԶĳȣнƸһǰ
ħǰɱ֮սʣµа˻СϸڶĤϣк¡ҡҡλΣԹ˲Ͼ
ʱаûӳħΧˣ׷صףȻʧӰ١
ڽѹͷĴʯһҲڹŹǰһһع顣
˷ɾ֮ʱͻȻһСԵʦܵʱѪģѪȹ̡ȥȴħסʦܵԴ΢΢ѪĽ
ħתڳ˱䣬ͷ­أֶ̱֮ай֮
ԭصղȻŭȻϡһȣɱħ˼״ֿȻħη壬δ˼֡
ڴʱڵص׵־áֻ죬ʯ䡣ת䣬Ⱥ񾪷ɡͻȻѿһ϶ǬصĵƵ棬˵ѹϯˣ紩͸
һ۹â֮ӵص׻ׯ״ǰȡԴϱħսɱңս
йâɣ֮ʴʡȻ䣬һ׾գ˽µĵ治Ǭ񣬲̧ߣγɸƵɽ塣
˾֮ʣɽɽͻȻȥֻɽͷܶһƬƳȺɽ֮ءɽ˺Ħ࣬˿ûκŵķ϶
Թ㣬ֻ˴İաﶼ亹˿ѱսܾЩ޸֮ķˡ
˵һʱɽеİͻȻ׷׹ؿͷϵسɽ۳ݣȵźħ꣡ҹʥ⣡ҹ޽ҹʥ⣡ħ꣡ҹʥ⣡
ͬʱͻȻͣɱʱ죬׷½ԶϥأϹϾظ׵ĩӭϻع飡
ͻ⣬󾪣ȫ½ԶͻȻΧ½ԶΪ߽㣬ɽµź˷ߣǰعӭħ֪롣ͶĿɱڣ˿̰ٿĪ硣
һվȺĵ½Զ˿űߵħ̧ͷˣпԣ૵ҡ


113 겻
Ǭ轵, ʱƼӿɽ, ãã˺ҡźħꡱ°ҡҷڸɽۣ֮࣬ء
ʯͷɼħ½ԶűߣһͷˮضȺʱ״ɵĺͷԡ
զˣͷһһȥǿȺڿ½Զģʱ˫۷Ŵ, 㵸˹ȥ, ŵƲһһ·½Զű, ضĤݵԭϣС۲ʶ̩ɽնе, ǧҪ⣡, ڵȵع飡
һ˵ŻһĨ, ק½Զ°, ڵԴǿС
ϣüɫ, ½Զʢ˵ħ㾹Ȼħ𣿡
Ҳ, Ҳǵģ
ʮ½Զ⣬Ҳ⡣ǰÿÿħıǳϵĺǳ⡢Ű, ǲħһһؽԼǣδŹһζûС
ϣħĩ롪
죡
űߵħڲ֪ôͼӴף½Զŭͫһµӡ綬߹ߣ˷ܵزĿ
ħӡ
Ⱥв֪˭󺰣ϲּɵ׷׶½ԶĲ
ǰĿ絶½Զ.¶ļϡƻض·ǧֻɫֱۣצƺҪ˺顣
мĵӳ½ԶҪ·ǿۿһǲд˵Ѫħӡ½ԶԭؿűƽĲǰħͼðϣֻס˺ݺݵ˦һߡ
Ƭ̣ǰ£Ȼص˴ɽˤھʯϣʱѪɣɺ죬ɭɭ׹Ǳ¶չ£˼޹İա
Ϊ½ԶׯǰҪȴȣ޷Ǳԭء
̧ͷǰׯŵػʦ𣿡
ׯδͷͬҲδһԣֻһ㿴ԶȺе½Զйű׳Ƴħ
ʱվׯԵҶˣʦֶ޷½ԶЩߵڰ׵ɵ𣿣
ֱҶܲ࣬ȺȴܲӲקδڣܲ裡²ɳ嶯ȻбʱóȻǰȥִ϶ǵĵȥҲһɧʦδ㲻ܼ
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ߣܲ󱳣ο¾Ϳ컯ޣûµġ
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ڽ֮ʣͻȻһ˻쳹ʣˡѭȥһѷ±ߡֻɽ£Ӱ֮Ĺȵֱſɫʸ£·Ǳõڵüա
ڵϵİ̧ͷŷ裬˻УаˣһͲǺöзëϽӳǬء
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ֹ
ӣǱӣгڣ

ŵܾ֮ĴӴܣʯͷϣˮ뷽跨㿪аȻһнͽ͡
ɽ֮ϵ˼аŰѣ׷ɽɱаħǰ֧Ԯȴħս
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˿Ψһϣɽ֮۵ħħǣħǵɷǵھӡǵǵĸĸǵˡֻǿ˲ܱǣֻҪܱǣħ˭νġ
ħˣɷȾңȾҰħ꣡ҹʥ⣡
ħˣ󷢴ȱپȾһذɣǶ㣬Ƕ㣡

ڰƵа̧ͷɽۣſϥأĩħ֮ڴ˹Ѿãĩӭϻع飡
䣬һҽСħĵǲǶֶϽţ촦Ѫϵ̲Ⱦ˺ɫ
ħΪ²Ϊܶһˣ˶ˡˣȴǶԶħĴ̡˲˵壬ЦЦЦ
ֻʣǿڵǣսɱѪһϢվֱӣȴҪŭ
ħˣݣҵȾƴҲҪΪ
֮֮Ѫ֮֮꣬ħǶħ˵ö֮аħﲻֵǹ򣬶վվ
λƴһڵϿͷݵİգȴƿ²ȣײɣɿݼ֦ͱ࣬
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ǰץסһӵԴ˫أգͻȻ顱һͽԴѪա
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֪˭޺˫ͨ죬ɱħȻʹǵһж룬ʵֻڴˡŭӰֹħǰ˫־ϣʱһֻʣز
ĿλʦܲԼǰŭģ۽Ƿ졣һȣɱ½Զ
˽֣ɱвʽݾȡ½Զ½Զ˼ׯĽ飬ûҵʦ֣ҶɱС
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ŭ½ԶħӥǧУһգ۱ҪǰġҪطȻ䣬
ۻħɣƾξ˺ɨķħסܵ½Զŭҿ׷׵ϥأϵظ׵ĩˣ
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͵ϮǷܣױһָ½Զ˿ڡ֮𣬸Ͻǰ󱳣һڣйŭȵħ½͵ϮкգԪˡֱ
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ݽ½ԶˣѪȾò·ˣ˫ֳŽҴŭԹ̳
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ֹסزͷؽǰһƬѣ½Զҡҡλκ΢ҡ
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ׯħңʵ磬ִᣡ

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վڲ֮ǰɫϾֶĬãſڵׯ˽ɡ
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󾪣ׯؿǰԴ¡һеһжըѱưίȫ૵ʦ𣬲ɣɰ
˽᣿˽᣿˽᣿壬Щദʱ⣬ˣ˵˽˽᣿
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лصׯƺԭأöûлӦеĻеظռռԴ
ͬʱʼձǴӣӦʣ޷ȫִ֪硣
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ͻȻӰնǬ½Զ֫գڰС
аֵ½ԶѣȻǬƺҪʶ֫
еϣȫϣ룬ΨһĿڣ˿̣ȫˣȫˣ֣ʦ֣ûˣûˣȫûˣ
·еһһ澵ӣͻȻѿһϸ죬ѿϸ죬žҪôݻ٣Ȼ飬ֻصĲֻиѪá
½ԶͷЪ˹شЦЦаͷƤ顣֪ԼЦʲôǿƲסЦѪϻ䡣˻ߵعЦ֫ϵҲŵʢŭʧȡ֮ģ֮Աǵס򡪡
ˣĹңһǣЦձؽӱ
Ⱥеɫݣ˿²˼һͽڵºúУӴ޴ˡ
䣬һ䣬ֻǬ½Զק޵ԨǰȻʧׯҲ޷ƣ½ԶȥĵطԴʲôҲܲˡͻȻһȣׯ
ׯԨȻŭǳҪʲô
վڶ±ߣׯµʯ׷׵Ԩѿ½ԶӰµĺ紵һһϡԴһƬհף΢زƴ䷢֪૵ʦʦҡ
էȻµ𶯣ʵɽͻȻ³Ǭػָƽأ׵ĺԨ˿һ㲻Ӱһж·һΣ˿ѣ˷ǡ
ʧǵׯųصĲǰУǰһжģ֪Ϊڴ˵أֻǸоղãѹҪ뿪
ߵʯ״ͻȻȿգˤʯףܲ˴ʦ֡ٵݣʯׯͷˤһȫѪѪģһֻԶ
㱼䣬ƺһλ곯ͷЦץסǵӰȴҲҲץˡ
ԭĵ֮ս½Զ׹޼Ԩʮħ
ʮꡭׯһԹȥ
ʮ󣬹Ѳꡣ


114 ʮ֮
ͣϢ, İԪ, ǰЭĽսòֹڸɽۣ֮ڷ˼⡣
һв֮ǰ¶ѣ, ĳЩ˶, ȴþ
մʯˤׯաʶңȲֹ֮СҲĻʶֻͽ͵طסҴܵ, ֹ߻ħ, һнԿ컯
ÿһʱչŴ߹, ҹڴߣëزׯϵĺ
֮üͷɫ԰, ҲûκѪɫ, , ۽һ, ƽǷı߬ű˿ɿʮʹģ
ǰִֵز֣ëһ߲ׯֱһ˵˵㣬ѧ˭, ѧʦһں˰ɣֿԣ֪˰ɣԺ㻹Ҳˡ
ڤڤҹգҶƿţ˫ۺǿ˺ܾãɳƣʦ֣ҹɣѾûˣϽȥϢһ°ɡ
û¡ЦǺǵػӦϵݵǰеǾʦòϽȥ˯ݾĳơ㿴۾ˣ۲ۣȥ˯ɣңûµġ
ӹǰˮ裬Ҷ迴ƫͷһ۴ϵׯˣʦֵӣʵڲмǵûҹ
ϣϽȥ˯ɡ
ҹ䣬ϼߣиĵģи˵Ŀɬ
Լ紵ƣһһ㡣
չԽڵϣ紵ᣡϵ˻˫ۣѾգ̱ͷŶ·ѹǧصľʯ÷
Ϊ
ʽ߳Ÿײŭ˭ڻߺͣͣػڰȻ
׷ʲô
оһʪȣׯָ̧ϵʪ󣬳ã·ʧľż˫۰˿ûд⡣
Ϊʲôأ
ׯܲˣ˶֮⡣Լڷڣڴ߿Ŵ֣ĺ֮
һ㣬ׯ˫۲Ѫ˿ƸɺԵĺӴѿ졣Ȼûйʣ·еһҹ֮䱻ȫߣһͬʧڲã䡣
˭
һӰ˫ͫͻȻ۽ׯ㵵վǲʲô
ѭżĸоׯڴ򿪷ţһĵȥŢС·ׯվڽյľǰ˫ַСƿ
ڵĶɾذڷţ˻ҳƺܾûסˡ
ڵһУׯأԺߣͣǽǰ
ֽϣһвԾëˮ͸ֽһ֪֡ڴԣһоӬͷСԼһλĺͯд֣һһɬȴʧɰ
Ȼ糱һĻĻзׯ֣Ʋסķ޾Ŀɬ
ճϦҹߺ½Զ۰Ͱ͵ҲҪԼд֡
ѩƮ̿յž죬Ǳĳ̿ϡ̴˱ӯ䡣
ǰׯһ§Լϵ½Զһסִʵֽ֣ɷ衣̼䣬һ۾ѵĴԾȻֽϡ
Լʦһд֣½Զźպǹ⣬תͷЦӯӯؿׯ
ׯ§ˣ°͵½Զϣֽϵļִ֣֣֮ϡ
Ӱ½Զģӿһů⣬֪ǽյ̿յ̫̫ôϺ̡
˫糺죬ϲ½ԶſǰȫţǺׯһһ͵͵дţ÷ʦֽЩ֡
طдׯ棬ȥʵдʲô
˭֪½Զû˫סдõ֣ͷɬʦֲҪ
ÿׯб棬ţźûɿһۡ
ֻС֣һдš
Ұʦ֣ʦְҡ
ׯ̿׳Ƶֺ֡
ʦЦҡ½ԶЩװ˫סֵ֣
ţּ㣬ԶʤҰׯڲסǵЦ⣬ͷŻｿˣ˵ǰɣˡ
޷޵½Զ˿̱һˡͺ߻أҪŬסŤʵ̲סˣӶЦ
ѩѹ֦ͷ͵֦ظͣѩšžડڵϣҳһ̻̿žǡ
УǵĻ׶ġ£Ȼ˷ǡ
пɬƾ̵ɽ飬ׯ˫ȷ˹ڵءոһһʦֵˣĸ첲ֺõˣռĵˣҲҲ
òŽֹͣׯڴǽͷ컨ͻȻűƿ̤ڣߵǰĬãջΪʦڿϳ˹㣬ȥ߲׷ú˼ɡΪָΪʦӲܣȻΪʦĵӣ
߶˶٣ҡͷ̾ΪʦΨ㡣
˾Ƭ̣ׯͻȻͷЦвӿᡣ
ңׯظĻƫͷǰʦ𣬡ʦԸ㶼ˡ
Ĭδׯãζӳ£Ҳ˵ת뿪ǰվű˼ò˵ڣĿοˣ˰ɡ
ˣ
ׯ˼һ
ôⱲӣֻϲôһˣˣ
̵ˮģߣ˿ͷһӣ..ڵϷѪ̵̿ʹ
ĿƳһµСӣׯƬ̣ùľл򿪡
ľϷӳһذ׸ɾʲôԵϸСëƺǾ򿪡
СĵشׯĶͷһ͸½Զԧ塣˵ϱġ
۽ͨ죬ˮϡׯо޾յĿ糱ˮӿͷ
ó壬棬ȵطһ֧ΡһƼǼȹĻϲķ˴ϸ罿ģ´棬ա
ѽմʪһƬͷһ鴤ׯ̴һ˿̽ţ˫ֲżҡ
һЩķ½ԶݣľĶö֮صڵϡҲգ֪ԭԼ಻ɵ֮ﱻ͵͵ղء
óľõķһ롣ׯңͻȻе׵Ķ˫ͷһڲԴ䡱һȫ絶ʹˢȫʧ˫Եİ
һȺƷ棬ľ£һöڣׯо½Զ˵ķڡ
ȻţȻϣ֮٣һʱ鼱ȻšׯйصĶȻպãߣ䱦һ㰮ϧںԼΣȴΨׯһһʳεؼС
ʹϣׯ߬öڣ޷Ƶʹޡ飬ģ
ͬʱ޼Ԩڡ½ԶֽŽԱǬԵصף޾ͷ½ԶֻԨлͼӽʯʱὫקüˤ˹ͷƤ
޼Ԩûչ⣬½ԶڵǬѹƣһħûռݡѪɫͫԾþûϨ𣬲ӡںڰ·Զģˣ˫ӴֻʣаûǸˣͫҲûдڵ塣
ػƣ½Զųص»Ұһεһ̤У߱һаЦ·ָ׹ιͷƤ顣
ߵӣһƬڡͻȻһɫӰ½Զͣ½Ųͷۿǰ
谵Էڣׯĵظڴ½Զι࣬ʱ󣬵һαϸϣ˻ǿɼĴʦ֡
֣½Զģӿۿ
Ȼ涷תԴ֮ڽǰׯͳһŷĸϡת±ãǰԼʯѹУѪ
ʹƺڲÿһë½Զû۵ǣ⣬ǡǡ
ݣÿһ׶Ĵ̹ǵζԭԭȻôô
ŵİʹ統ٴһϣȫѪӿԴ½Զ㣬˫һڵϡͷʳ˺ĵĹЦ˷УԼϤ
սħģɾֻǣΪٿط˵ħƾնУ˻ǮǺƭ
ʦ־Ǹαӣޣ
㱻ƭˣ
㱻ƭˣ
޴

ĻӿͷǰһĻĻе顣鱳󣬾ǶĶߡ
Ʋסĵڵϣƺһ㣬ֻʣѪӿۿѪỬ԰׵ա½Զͷͷͣس
ʦ֣Ľʦ֣ʦ֡ǣ
ͻȻͷЦѪ۽ǵ䣬ֽϵҲĺ˹ЦɵаЦ伣չֻ½ԶЦص
ĺʦְ


115 Ѫ
ʢ, ּɽҶ紵֦ͷ, ɳɳ죬ׯѾվá
Ҫ𣿡
ͻȻϤׯת, Լ
š
룿
ׯĬδ
ֻһ֮ң, ȴô˿̵ǰ˱κʱҪңԶ
ѽ˾չ˶ãׯԺ·Ҳ½ԶʧˡֻʣһÿɽϺĿĵߣ½ԶԷɽ֡
ʯͷ, Ҳֳ, ͻȻĻе
ϵͳϲɹ½Զĺڻ, ͨȫԻȥˣϵͳǷȷأ
ǰֳϵͳĶԻ, һǡȷ, һǡȡׯǸȷʾ, ĬáϽ񷵻ʵ, ߣȴɣ
ϵͳǷȷأ
еٴδߴһ顣
ϵͳϵͳٴѣǷȷأ
źô۵ġȷʾׯۿ죬˫ֽȭ, еߴ£ڻڵء
ϵͳ⡭ϵͳѣǷȷȡأ
ءׯ˿·þȫҪ
ϵͳϵͳѣϵͳѣأһкԼеӼжϵͳϵڡ·һ⣬ϵͳٸ档
һش˸ǻеĻеͻȻ̾˿
ϵͳأͺһˡҲ˵ϵͳѪе˲еɽСˣǸѾŽռڴСԺ޷ϵͳҪһʹõߣԶΪֱȫʹáҽϵˣף쿪ģټ
еϵͳȻֹʧˮϵĭֻˣֻΪׯš
ټ𣿡
˼ǰ˴ϣׯãؼˡ
ȥǵ𣿡
ׯȥӰǣ֣Ҳֻվͽ͵ؿнԶ
ׯͷҲص뿪ûκθ飬ػصˡ
ǰС񰵾акգӲܡɽÿտ½Զ´ĵطɽҵ
˶ȰҪߣϢҲҴҸׯ¶ģҲ޼¡
޿κΣͬ󡣲ǲӣԶ˶֪ٻˡ
Ϊ֣֮ѡ׳־ƣҲҪӻùȫĲ
һһ꣬šĴ˵аŰսп಻亦ͻȻһ죬һɫӰɱУȲˮ˰¸ҲҴȥҲҴңδ˿ģʧӰ١
˿ڿഫ˵·˼ġԲ֪һ꿪ʼһ¹ۣ˺࣬Ĵ˵㣬˿ʼŷλ
꣬ׯ£Լ̸ۡ˵棬˵֮ĮȻһЦ̧ͷһʺ硣Ӷߵɽͷݵߵɽȣ̿յӳ¸ڡ
δôÿĲʺ磬ׯȻһЦȸԾָŲʺͷߣЦС㿴ôĲʺ磡
һˣֻпյܣҲץЦӯӯػӦӿһ˿ɬׯ㬵ջ֣߳ܡ
ӰӵȺУһϮ¸ؾҲεӰֻ
û£ǻָԭ״ˣһеġ[1]
ʱ޼Ԩڣ΢½ԶһɱԨаѴǧ꣬а񡣶˿̵½ԶҲǺ۸͵Ϯһƣ۶ֱָۣһ
кһħɨܡĹֽԱףѪգ֫ϣڵϰл
½Զ׹޼ԨЩǧֱ˵Ҫѵ·Լر˽ҪһȻĿǳȴԼٵΣ˿ûв
һ˿̣ҫΧӵĹֶǰ֮һֻ֪һԨͷëСӡԲѷؽѵ½ԶԼġС
ְΧ½ԶȻЦһֻͫѪҫվǰĹ촦Сǵʱŵɪɪʧ
½Զת뿪ʱͻȻ˱סȣͷһȴǷűΧˡ
˽ס½ԶĴȣƤ˵ףһ𴳵ɡ
صͷƳһۣ½Զ͵سȣҡһͷҲص뿪Ҳܣ͸½ԶԹԵ˵Ұһҽʮǰ޼ԨͳȥˣأôģŶ˵ҽйӣɶ
Զߵߴߴţ½Զһֱǰߡ
СӺôһ£ҿôҲ곤ɡҲҴǣҸˡ
½ԶƳһԲӾ͵ͬˣİõظߡ
ձׯ½Զͷʱʱʹʱ·ǧֻڿҧڶʯڣ죬ǰָҲʹץʯĥѪָѪģָ׸Ҳ
ץӷεʵܣ½ԶץһԼʯ飬ؿһһׯ֡˿˲ѪѪ˿ʹֹʹ
ҪԶϣкõĲõģе٣Ҫºۼ֮ĺۼ˭ҲĨȥ
ҪԼÿһ缡ÿһѪסʹֻΪǸ˶ʹ
ԼԼãԼáǧָʱûд뿪ధ󡣺ԼȫůʱسˡԹгһգҪȫÿһ磬ʹȻתǧأͷ˺ʴѻ֮ʣȴĺ
ءһʱԮʱǾݣҲһݡ
һֻһεĶͻϲ
Ȼˡ
긴һģոһյĵȴתۼѹ꣬½Զ˶콫޼Ԩÿһضˡ
ɪ޼Ԩɭ֮ŨءƽֺõĹҲ޼Ӱ½Զȴ˿⣬ΪȻԹǰߣڡ
ڰֲָͫӡ˸ŹаѪ⡣½ԶͷͻȻһʹƺһָǰߡ
ĹӴҪǰȻȴûһ㣬ԹǰС޿κΣֻܸߣǰȴͻȻһε˸
һã⽥ŨءͻȻһ˻УһӰ½ԶͷɹתʱȴûӰ
һתǰȻһĶ½ԶӶڣһƬİʲô塣ɵػ룬խɭΧֽϵڰлص
֪˶ãǰȻʮˮεϮ½ԶһǵӰ˽лۡ
Ũɱֱ½Զһתſ͵ϮĺӰһֻѪȶųͷɹ㱼䣬ļ
Ѫɹ½Զͷ˻ƽлڶлصסǰľ½ԶʲôҲ
һ˻УѪͻȻʧǰʱһӰӰһ̶ˮ뵣Լ⡣
ǵӰīɢƿٴһءӰէȻת½Զһ
ǰ֮˽ü࣬üһɰ룬ͦвѡϸһƣģ½Զмơ
ϸ˿Ӱĳ࣬½Զʱ󾪣ɻʵǡף
ӰȻЦһüңЦҪôҲԡ
䣬ֻӰò仯Ȼ䣬½ԶһޣԾ㿴Է
ǣ½Զɣдţ㵽ǲҵףҵΪβȥһֱڵ㣡
ἰף½ԶһĨɬǴһ顣
һֱһֱڵؼңֱǰһֱң׺ܿͻؼҵġΪʲôΪʲôҪҺףΪʲôҪҳΪûеĺӣΪʲô׶ûˣ
ʹӿͷ½ԶͷͷϸϸԹϿǻһίС
ףӰ֮ԱǣеÿȰװˣʲô֪ܲ
ͷ½Զоþòƽϸ΢ս˳ĬƬ̣ͻȻһЦա½ԶͷһߵǣѪͫĺԾĻ˷ҡڡ̧ͷǰ֮ˣĵ㷢ˡ
㵽˭
ӰһƳָĥ½ԶصװҶ
½Զǰд˿Ļ
\ƲƲ죬˿˵˵ѪԵϵ˵ҵȷסʵϣҾ㣬ҡ
Ĩǣл½ԶȻòͷˡ\סģҡͷ̾㻹ЩҲ޷Ҳġ
½Զһ˿ɻ벻⣬\˵ˣǰ֪Ҳ޷걾ɢӡ⡣ΪסħˣдһԪ껯Σ㷽ſģȥѰܼĴħ˵
ԵʹȻñףʱѪʺϣǼĴħ˵ĲѡΪޡħ˱..̥䣬γ㡣Ҳ˵
\Ӹµؿ½Զϵ֮㲻ǱԪħıѣһԪı塣
֪ԼӺζˣ԰ĵػعȥװ׼ˡ
ɣҶñТ˳ɡ
䣬\ӰѸֱ½Զһ˲½Զ\ĹơڰѨڣʵ൱˽УϷ
һζ½Զŭģħƾ֮ɱ\룬ŭȵôϲ㣬㾹ң
ǰֻǷԵȻҪӻħġ\벻ͷػӦ
˽ּ䣬жԷһƣʱŻ졣\뿫˿ǵѪЦϻ̫ˣڿȥˡ
䣬\빥תʽݾսһ۾ͿԷ©һƣᴩ½Զš
ͻֱ½Զţ˲䣬½Զײʯϣ\ƹڰĿڵħˣѪһһ
Ƥʹһ.ָ׸ǣ½ԶͣŻѪѪӿۿɫ԰ҲʧѪɫ
ģ
ҵͯ꣬ͬ˳ЦûеҰӵͯ꣬һ˱ǳŭͯꡣ¿һ˰蹶ҵһΪ˹һˣһԼػꣿʲôܵһоʲô
ˣòȫͬעֻһΪʤߴڣôô
ǵѪν\ֱϣ½Զ˫ӥü䣬\룬žʹ˫ץס\ĸ첲ָⷢף壬ŭȵȥɣΪҶ
һȣ½Զ\ĸ첲۳һƽ\ʮײ϶ʯڡ
ŵѪѸϣ½Զ׸ǰ֮ˣʢ֮˲һ·ؼ䣬ȥ·
Ц½Զüң\롣ӡѵĶߣ°ӣ鲼ȫѪɫ̰ţ½Զָ̧֣ӡԾĻ磬һаɱ\룬һƲɵ
Σ̣֮\㣬Ѩ䡣½Զۿӡкһǣ
䣬ҹħ¡١
ǰ\һȻؿ½ԶһԵĺ̶ͻȻ˷Ӧ˸Ŵ۵⡣𶯣ʯڳѷ졣\üͷŭô֪㾹ңҪ
ڼ\벪ȻŭһȣЮŭգɱӰѸֱ½Զȡ
ЦУɱ½ԶǰֺֻʤѶؿ׶յľʹ\ͷȴħᴩţϵѪ۲ϼȡħ
ִħ½ԶǰǱ\룬ü۱ɱЦˣҲӡ֮
˵գӡͫͬʱ˸ӡ֮ħ\ӰȫħԱħᣬЪ˹ŭ𣺡
δ䣬Ӱɢ߲档
ħɢԪƮӡٴ˸ԪԹ½Զڡһħӿÿһëף½Զȣڸվֱײÿһ·һ̱Ҫѹۺħ½ԶӡըѵѪܣȡѪ賤ħ嶥ֱ顣½ԶͷȣֽŵǬʱѡ
ȻѣڰѨ̶̮ϷˮڣγһСħҲѪӡһͬ
˺ħ֮ԺʬҰʬǶѻɽѪɺӡ֮ܵɽۡħǧɣɨ˷Ѫаһչضɽҡ˽֮ɫ䣬Ժ֮һʣ˽
С
ħ磬գΨʳȼĹաаֵҹ칬ڣħ׷׸׹ءӤа˹·ħϢ߹
ĴϣһӰǰУҷأڡӡɫƵĻڣƲ䡣°ڣڻԻͱϡкͫޣڿŽаЦ
ϣħź֮εħ֮ؼѸ¡
¹ӭϻع飡
𣬰ҹ޽ħ٣ҹʥ⡣


116 ħ
ʮ, ׯб鰵ħ⼸գһֱͣڼˮ򡣴˵ǰͻȻһֻ, ̾˷Уʳ˻ǣɥڴˡ
˵ʱ, ׯΪܿܽ, ֻ޾֮ׯɱΣػضһ̽ѿǣǱ֮ززָ󣬱㸡ˮٴׯ԰̽ʵκκ޵Ľ, 롣
, ׯվڰ, ǰƽĺ˼ϴθ˶ѹգؽձˡƽ֮
˼䣬ͻȻᳶ¡ׯͷһ, ҵС, һĺ, ͷգۡ
, ѽԵ㶫ɣǣ㡣СŽţ˫־źƺŬҪݵׯߡ
ǰ˳γ͸˫, ΢΢㱼䣬һĨϤӰǰҲ۰Ͱ͵
ҲׯСЦԵ㡣
ǣ˵ҪԡСΪѵؿׯͯɬཱུһࡣ
ļůģǰŴӣׯŲͷĳʱɢӹСĺ룬ݵǰЦһһ롣
ʱУʿǰѰա˺Ѽ䣬ʿ׹Ū齫ҪͶһ͸¶𽻴ѼʥѪ֮Ҳһ֪
žꡱһвյˤƬʿ׿ջʧɫģ˵ѽʦãôҪɽ͵ĳһƽҲǵһմˣҷſġ
Ϊʿδ˼սӲسЦЦ˫޴ϥϲ˲ɫţ϶ǣʦ֡ʦֱأҡҲ̫Ͳʦˡ
ԷѾɣʿҲûٴȥɣװģذο˼뿪
ѾԶھͷĿѣ롣ʿ׵Ļͣл죬ԣǡ
в²⣬ղĴҴҸѨ붴УѾ෢ڵʬʱѪҺ·𱻳һ㣬촽ʧѪɫ
ʿԣҪʦ֮ѪȻ˫ֽȭԹһȼաҪΪĻôһ͹ˡ
գ̡վڴǰʱճʱԣͤͤӡ
ͻȻؿһʹǰһڣĲһ򣬸ϽץŴŲεؿڵʹңϸһ롣ӦǴؿʼؿżʹĪģ
ɻһֱ⣬ȴʧһĪڲʳԪȻһֱδȻ̬ΣѲݵ顣ֻʱѹǹ³֮Ѱƽ֮
һδƽһ𣬰ħ罻ٴαơħƺƵȳһǰǳѪȵķħս
ħư磬۱Яɽ֮ƣֱư塣ѹǣħ̬֮类ųޣצɱպͲӡ
ħ罫Ӥаȸλħ壬ӢȺħѹɽͷرɽ֮Ʋɵ
ڵħɱеǰλӭսλħ֡ս˲ưػʯɣɽͷƴȫɱκ˫ʵ⣬ħбսȱ˲·硣ۼΣׯΪȡһ˿ϣ
ʱڼˮׯӵӦǵĺļ١ϵδɵΣ̲ݻֻȻɽһˣΣƽϢٷء
˷½磬ϼգˮʱӴ֮ˡׯźһк󣬱Ҵһɽ
ׯ뿪󣬺ͻȻϸ΢һȦһȦͻȻ죬һֻˮ棬ܡմմϲϰʱͻȻˮһ塣
Ȼ䣬һֻѪлһͷɹţ޽ΧޡӰ䣬Ȼʱһһ飬һƳգޱɢ
ϣࡣգһƬ𺣡ܲħｻս֮񲻿ɵκħɱ֮ɱ֮֮ѱˡ
սţɱķܲսݣħذΧнɱвġңӰЯȼղħﱻգȻһһǰ̡
Σ̣֮һɫӰԾɨ˷ħׯɱս֣ٵɱ
ʦˣܲׯǰħｩ֣һֱӸʬɡ
˱Աһս޼䡣ׯִ˵ɱаɡ
ׯļ룬ܲ˵Σʱ⡣ȼҫɱħΧʱӤһţϾ·ŮӤΪ֣ҲԶԿ
裬ŮӤɫսףִìˬӢ˲ħսƺšһлܰ󣬷ׯǰüģԵϷ磬ּˡ
ֻٸΣǧһǧӰ䣬Ѱʮ˵Ƥεز죬һ̤ƽһ¥ټϰаʵǿħħ֮ء
ͻȻܲźŨأ죬˿Ϸסչ⡣쫷ϯɽͷɽ֦ڶҶˢˢ䡣ʹ޺Ⱦ˿ԵѪ֮֡
һ˻дּ䴫ǧֻѪڿ̷ɣγһܷɢ£ͷӹл֮׹ɭɭ
ԶϣۣγһУ޵Ԩһ˵ħ塣ǹɺߵѪ˷ʱ󱳷һԺ֣˶޷ľ֮
УֻһӰΣī°ڷɣ˿Ʈ裬ԣҫ۶Ŀ½Զ֮ϣӽˣ·һ㡣
ĿȺһĨϤӰ˷ãƾñطϲãƲ׽档½ԶƲסϲȿַ˸쳣ƫִ˼һǣŹЦҹı˰֮
þòţʦ֡


117 ѪȾϻ
, ࡣϿϯȼҫܲҶ衢ɽ볤аħս, 沢Уѱޡ
һսϣӤɱ, ۼƴһ, ̫ȡ̫شħһк󣬳ûӳӤİΧ
һ·У˵̫ҡҡλΣؿڵʹͻȻ, ش, ʱ, ҡսֿƲסطǰڡ
ϵ˰Σѹƾʹ, һٸս;, ͻȻһӰ, ǰ, ֱָš
ǰ֮˵ģĪ꣬𱸣ˣеǰ, ÿ
ұˣմ㵵ǣʳָָԼ⻰Ӧ㣡ӦԼЩ˶ټù£㵽Ҷ¡ǰҲʣҲ⡣Ȼң㻹𣿡
վֻҸκµһ˵ʱһеһС
ˣղԼ飬ֻһ¡
֮ľֻм֮ң˿ȴ׺ɣ
ΪȵһٸˣҪ֮ǰľʮŸˣô
Ĭδ˼ӿ֪λشռӦͷЦһ˽ԭأԶը𣬴˴˿̵Ľ֡˼ˣ켱Ҵҵƿգһĸսһ˵
ȻδأæĲͻȻͣ˫оȻؿһʹͷһȴյᴩࡣ
ѪɱվһĨĺЦĴһֱֵԭ򣿺ǣȥĵһٸ˰ɡ
䣬ȻʱѪաؿڻתŵؿǰİŮӡǹĪƳޣ˲ʳ׶Ͼ·
ǰģסգȻ첻ԸƿҲץˡ֣Ȼ׹䡣һ죬ڴˡ
ǡЦս־ҷҡΣ·һþ
пյģ·ͿաִԹޣ˿ȫʧˣйƤһ㡣ʧǰУ߹ʬʱȴ½¶һɫŷ⡣
ŷã𣬲ΡΡش򿪣ȻڼݵĵһۣյʱĿ࣬ĿɬӿͷУ·Ƿɷֺһ㣬д
ޣߣ֪Ȼ޼رܡǧᣬ˵ݡ㲻ϲҴ˺˰ա
֮⣬лʦܲڶѨУԱ׻壬ɻػ갲Ȼݡ
ȴв.ϣԴһƬհףѪҺһԭز֪룬еţΪʲôΪʲô⵽ǡ
ʾʣ
ͻȻϤתȴʿϲһ߹һ߳Լ
һʵⰡǲҪ˫˫ˣʿЦſգƺԴ˿̷һȻء
㡭㡭㣡౻ҿŵָʿס
ҡʿһڳϣ뵽¶ģʦ֮϶н֮׮׮ġŶһ
ʿ׿գش̹׵ǰҲġ
ŭԹĽΪǱɡ
ŭģաһȣսɱӿʧȥƵִɱʿףŭ
ɱֱʿףָšΣ֮ʱͻȻͣ½ŲѪھʿһ紦ֵֺܾѶ
ؿһʹյͷȴһִֻ󴩹ĿڣСתͷֻЦ
㡭տʿףоǴδԹޣ˿ӿ㲻ú
أһͽе࣬ձ
ʱһߣսеܲըתͷƳѪʬ塣Ȼ䣬еĲԹ˿ȫʧֻźͷص󺰵
ʬ壬κħɱ֮ܲɱΧ
ͬʱ£½Զſ磬˵ȣֻׯˡñطĶ磬˴š
ӰӸ£ɪɪ°ڡ½ԶӽµׯЦհܾѶʦҪôǣɾҪˣʦֻôأ
ﾡǶŪϷʣǰһоԼϲŭСˣĹһˣ˽ڴˡУһֻһɶѡ
ʦ־ɣʦӮңұŹˣ˺ٷΣ
ңң䣬ׯͷǰİ½Զζӳ£˵ʹ밧ߵĿ޺˷֪ղأֻܽ½Զ飬һԣصá
أաׯԾţӰ硣½ԶлУɶĹǰ֮˷ֿкȸԾ˷ܵʦֻ𣿡
ٿһ㣬ٺһ㣬ʦ֣㲻ǾͶûˡٺһ㣬ٺһ㣬㵱ǽһ￳ʦ֣ϲ˲𣿡
ɱУ½ԶԲԶŪǰӽ֮ˡ·һŬԼУЦ˺һнԼϲðʦԺȫȫһ˵ˣ˭Ҳ޷棬Ҳûܰˡ
ѱϼˣׯͣشս˫ֿƲסز½ԶȻһ䣬ۻħɨׯףݺݵײԶɣˤڵϣʱ졣
У򲻹ȫ򲻹ׯſڵϣ˫ֽȭֻУ֪˫ʵ⣬һû˿漣İܾ֡ȫ򲻹ʮһٸׯҲԺ˿̵½Զ֮һ
ֻ𣿲Уܵ£ϣܷׯҪأŰΡΡվײײǰߣ˫һعµϡ
ǰǱģɫͫ˷ܷӿһͷǿң
ʦڵģĺϲţƤðף߻ѪôôӯľżߣͲ뿪ˣԶԶߵġ
ʦҪʦֻ֣𣿡½ԶŽµ˷ЦЦݣ
Ȼһɳۣׯ䣬ٶɱšȻ½Զ䣬ׯٴˤڵϣ³һƬѪƻڿʼѪ
˿°Ȼ½Զ׸ӽ²дׯü𺣬Ʋס˷ܣаЦˡ
䣬ŨͷγһСг˸ֻΣ
½Զָ̧֣ӶէȻ޺ٵнɱֱׯ
ӿħŨءׯӦɱннת򣬽ׯִֵȻϣ֮˲ָ
а棬峤աǿףׯ˲任ƣΪвСһ·ڰӰ裬ٻңһнĹơ
ּ콣ɨķʱׯϱ任֮ʹн󷨡ͻȻħɢнͣڿУ޷
ʱׯԪ밲УֱɱнɱУɰڴһ١
Զϣ½Զⳡè׽Ϸϲã֮硣ʦѽô֮
ǣϷˡ
Цޣ½ԶׯµӰƲ׽˷ܣпץˡ
䣬½Զ䣬нէȻ裬ɱֱׯۼ֣ͻȻؿھʹׯʺ죬Ѫաͷһֻнᴩ࣬Ѫ˲Ⱦؾۡ
ϵѪް̰ؼȡׯѪѸʧ𵤱룬˺ѷ֮ʹ.ɽ𺣡һŵ̻ݼš룬御ϣԶϡ
нȻ룬ׯѣսûڵϣʽȾȻ³ͻȻ§ڻСͻů綬ҫˮ֮˵չ⡣ʧѪ𽥱ӽʼů͡Ȼһȴݺѹڵϣ̰ȡݡ
ʶׯۿǰˣ˿һϢſ
š½Զ§ŵġ
һ§ׯһָֻĦϸļӶŸͦıĨϵѪաȫѪڷӿǷȼյ˼ñطŨأƸľȴǻ硣
½ϣ̰ضׯҰ׵ݣ·;µľżһ㣬ЦδʦֲѵͲȣ
䣬ѪȾķѡׯƿ½ԶĻȻʧйƤͨ˶޷ֿ˵½Զ˿һ˿ҲûУֻͽ͵ק½Զ½ȭҲɢѪɺ
½ԶĺԴ䡱һըѪΪ󻬣ʧȥǰסЦҼǵǡ
ԸԳϢӦ½ԶĶӴֱׯĸ첲ʵҲʦߣûˣ
𵤰ľʹ˺Ѹׯ˵ûУͷɫ԰ףŵ˿ڻѪȾµĵ档
˲Ӧ½Զץͷս֯䣬ϣ˵
ĥ½Զԣׯ죬Ϣ΢³֣ûС
ĴӦ˳ӵģ½ԶĻŭţסׯĶ˱ڶʦֹһͲˡ
ȥ֪˶ã½Զ֮Ż˳ȥׯᣬоѪɡѪȾɺŢָлвѪ˿ͷĿѣ·ضҪҡΣûô۹
ȥʱ½ԶͻȻرסԴСḧףڰοСӣѵˮĺ㡣


118 ֮ȸ
һս, ĿϣʯʯһƬ̳ɢ, ½ԶԵׯʧԭءħ뿪սһٽɲе
Ȼһ, ħ, 쫷ϯɽͷܲ˱ħףˤڵϣʱŻ졣
Ժۣ߽Ųڽܲð, ·صת, ǰ˫ڵϺ, ңŽΡΡһͷԵһҶߣԵС, Ϊһ
, , ʦ, ۿң衣ܲץסҶĸ첲ҡΡ
ڻһҶͿһ³ƬѪ˲Ż
ħҪ, ǲǵĶֻ֣ȱʵ㡣ܲԶĽŲ
ʦأҶ軷ܣͻȻʵ
ѽʦأܲŵķ򣬷Żģôת۾Ͳˣ
ʦʧǰǺ½ԶСһģӦòʲô£ҪǸϽ뿪ط壬Ǵסˡ
ʮĹ׾Թ϶ѽ˵صһڡ̰Цŭɽͷÿһ䡣񣬱Ҫ뿪ˡ
һ⣬ҪһμС뿪֮ʣҶͻȻʵʦأ
Ŷأܲ򷽲ŵսǰֻзʬ壬˿ûɽᰵĺۼ
ħƽܲһᣬҶӴܣܱ˵ɵӦòԭɽȥҡ
ϢƵУ̫ͨİӳ塣
֣ܲͻȻͣ½Ų˫ȭۿͨ죬һ͡ǰ..µʬ壬ɫ԰ףһƬѪУﻹ̫
Թ벻ۼʬһ˲ʲôûˡҲãԹҲգֲŪˣ
ǿᣬܲýƿ棬ʬᣬһʯڷǰⲢУʯϺȻż֮֡Ĺ
ܲؿͷһ
ҴҰܲҶŰӳ塣
ͬħ𿪵ɽᰣԼķ϶һʬѪ۲ƣͷҡ
ԴγŲ飬ɽ˵Ĳһȳһɽߡɢζؽ·˷׷űӣһؿɽ´ΪܳŮӡ
ų⣬ɽͬؾۣŵ˲ٿԴĵǰߣͻȻײɽ᰿ҲδͷǸ

ߴϤɽ̧ͷһˡ
㡣
ǰ֮գħ壬ʦǰһ֮δ뻹һ
ش辡ˡ֮䣬ڰ粻ɷĳغɣ
ɽƿգɫ԰Ϣ΢ȻᶨĳֻΪʦ
ҲҪʦɽᣬոϽͣˣ˱ʣħȻ޴ȥħַȻŽһģԲΪأǺǺݺα⣿Һ𳤣ղ߲ݷĹżӦúܿҵӦ֮
棿ɽɻؿǰ֣µգĬƬ̺󣬻ӦҸߡ
õӦʣշһϢɽᰴæϻغɡ
ʱħ磬ҹ칬ڣ¥鿣ǽߣšʯҹɫ޵ںҡҷƻ̰ͨΪң仪̤ڵ
篶衣ϵ˻ۣۣϢǰ̴ľ֮ӹǵĴ
ģΪ
ǽׯץŴس
ʦˡ
һλİӣͷҰף˵ʱɽŲʦһׯƿӣ˸Ͻǰ
ʦһ˯գٲѣڿɾҪȥιˡһ߱Թһ߲ŲΡΡվȵׯ
½ԶŻԲѵˣҴҵػǰˡһƿӣɰѹŵùǺ
ϵˣѪһߡ˿֮⣬ȫ±ǴССۣѪӡ⣬вǡ
ûһõأƲ̾ϢóΪׯˣһ߶Ѩλʩ룬һ߼һɫ½ԶĹˣ˻ĳˣô͡Ū⸱ģ
ڴ߶Ųʡµׯ½Զһ뿪ĮȻκˡ
գׯ˷·𱻳һ㡣ագ
ͻȻͷһׯƿӣײײسǰǽҵİգ˲֪ˡ
ׯӽγʱͻȻףֱײľƷһء
սִ˿̾ҲׯԴһƬհףؿŰٴ߹ȥγͬ𿪡޷Ӵׯִ֣˫ֽץסĽ֡ɱۻ룬ׯҲ޷ܱˤڵϣãȻؿ˫ѪΪΡΪΡ
ţһֱܰβׯѪƳŵһΡ
վĹӼ״ϽܹȥҪˡ
ʦ㲻ˣѾûΪ޷޷ߣȴô˵ڣӵͷ̾Ϣ
ڵϵׯľնûϲŭľżֻ᲻ܿصۿãȻǽϵİ΢ʵأ
ͷԥãղŻӦ֣ûˡ
ûˣɵ֡ׯһĨŵĿЦ
أһ˿ϣԵĹӣׯҲ֪ԼҪõʲô𰸣ֻˮ֮ͽ͵㣬롣
Ĭã̧ͷ˿ׯֳͷûлӦҲûзϡ
Ȼ֪
ǣׯѪЦģߣ˫޷ƵزΪ˲ɡΪ²һ·ѪȣϧֻΪǾ䡰Ϊ֣֮ѡأʲô
һȲˣ뱧׳־һֽԡΪûˣʦûˣûˣܡ
ǻѪ׳־ն̸նɽˣͽһ߰׹ǡʦʦʦãһȲˡ
ɬ˿ʹׯȭݺݵ棬·ҪеķŭԹ޷йѪģ
ԵĹӼ˼ƣŵץסׯĸ첲ŤһţίӴʦҰɣʲôôҾҪȥιˡ
䣬һӰ֡½ԶׯǹһĨϲЦãʦˡ
˵նׯ°ͣͷֱԼһֻֿȥ۽ǵᣬͷһ¡
һԵĹӼƣϽֳߺ½ԶֻסǰˣЦӯӯʦϲرΪʦ׼ģֻʦУǵĶˡʦֵ˵ҪɽֻСޣѰ⻰ʦֻ𣿡
ȻؿǰŽߵľݣȻ֯˼ׯȴ˴֮ɽ˺ɽԽҲ޷ִңԶ
˲Ӧ½ԶԹ˵ʦּǲǵãҵˡҲСģʦֲбС
ǰ㣬½Զׯ˫룬ʱǳģʱ˱ͷǼϢȫڶԷϣ˵֮䣬ˡ
ŶˣطѾȡˡͽȸǣҺʦԶԶమĵطòã
ȸǡׯЦԭ˿ԣԼֻȸѡˣкʸƽϡʮǰû񣬻Щһʼˡ
ҳȥׯͷŵ棬εĬúŻڣƣ·ľⱲӵ
֪˻к壬½Զȴ˵ﶼʦֵģʦȥľȥġ
½Զپׯĵţ˵Ҫȥ
ӳ˫۵Ľһֻ뿪½ԶȻڵҲϸüɫȻ֡ׯűߣǰŸ̤żͻȻǰһϽ͵صʱˤڵϡ
½ԶһߵׯߣӸµظס°ĦϲɿܣǴϲЦش˵˵ˣȸڣʦȥľȥģħ綼ģҲġ֮⣬롣
ãȻ޴룬ׯδӦ㱻½Զѹڴϡ²˺컡
ׯ±½Զнϡ޵鷿Ӵ齡ذԡءûûҹȽ½Զûоͷڣ·ҪʮĿȱʮȱʧҪֻ
ħ䣬ħ嶼ڼ̳Χͷܶǧֻϼ˵档ħ﹧ظ׵üȺħ֮ĵ
ȻãһʱһʱЩͲסӵͽħ￪ʼͷӶǵΪγٳٲģ̱гǳֹУǴ󲻾֮
УҰվڰߣȻҲȵòͷսʵħ˲ȥһһСʲôֵиӦɵҲǰ취˵ǲǣ
һԹȺİȻԶ߸ϿյȻһ½ǣЧҵħ֮һнԹУʱʱܸ档
ȰҰƲƲ죬Ȼʮֲͬ½Զʲôʶʱ񣬲гһձ˹ѡˣȻλ˵ȥңħ󣬾ûм½Զ˿̱ǻᡣ
ʦҪȥģһԵסҰ䣬ػ
ԶԣȥȥҲҪܡҰ˵Դغס󣬱㼱ææظȥԵ
ŵȻԺ˵ʲôҰ̵أ𽥼ӿ졣߽ȴԼһ̵ϢվڴҰȷ˾Ǵӵڴ
ԭСԶ¡ҰȸԾΪֻʳݵӣԭҲгԻʱ⵹ϣȤˡ
ţҰüɫظСϣ伴
δ˵꣬ͻȻһͺ˿غǳ
ӭóһˮҰʼ磬˿̲˷½Զֻûӿֶ顣뿪ǰĺ֮˭Ұ̽飬屻½Զѹڰϵ֮ͷ󾪡
Ȼׯû뵽ƽģһ˾ɣȴԼʦܡʬδһϦ֮䱻𣬾˿䱯Ȼħħң³л
ҰǴ۽һ㣬ҡͷ쾪֪֪̾治֪ġ
ص̳ʱѪ̷ɣڰͷлһԵʯħ롣
ӵ½Զմȡˣ˵
ԹϺׯһֱѪ𣬹ÿոҩȴ˿תħع飬ħٷϴˣһµȴ½Զչׯ½ԶѡһȺܸɵŮרŸȸǡ
һλŮ磬ԭǳаŮ̷½Զģ֪Ϊȴָɸׯӡ
Ϊλħ壬ĸһĽҹ칬ԭΪħ˵Ĵѡ˿ȴΪһȵŮβ
ǰаΪ˰⵹ȻҲǷѾĻֺ½ԶصؽõĹҲ׽С͵½Զߡ˼ԲֻҪΪħˣħĸϵħ塣
ֻ㲻㣬˭뵽λħ֮һմˮŮɫԵ̷ʮ죬½Զûƹˣָȥȸտһׯʳӡ
ͻʣɣڳаƢ˿̳аҲˣ˵ðӡеϣӦϲ͵ģôᡭ
˾ˣҲȥҪȥȥôҲѪͳ߹ǧС㣬ƾʲôҪһѾ߷̱ˣǱ˳ҵϲ̷ңСУץϵĲյš
һԵĳаﻢ£ֻܺغ̣ô˵óѪͳ߹ˡ㣬ħУ˭Ѫͳ߹󣿡
ؿаϡ
ǣϰħ֮ħѪͳ߹֮ӣܳΪķˣΪħĸǵλͲͬնˡ˾˵ģһʱͷءҾ֪ȸڵˣʮֿأȻΪѡɫŮǰȥϡοԹпһûаɣ룬ȥȸǣ㻹ܳϣʱǰơһȥͼסˡ
ƺǱаסˣãȻضа˼ҡ˾˻ƭ㲻ɣˣǹҫһġİ첻ɣʱ˶ǰԼ䣬𣿶ģΡŻĸ˲Ĳϲž˾ûġ
ģ۽ǵᣬҾ˾˵ġ
ųаĻŮһͬȸǡΪׯŮȻ˸׽ӽׯ
ϵӣ毺ãȲһϮʤѩ֮ٷɡǶʼɣ羹˱Լÿӹϵ
ÿշת¶䣬վǽǶ֨죬ׯĵʹ½ԶЦֱҪ
գʯħѪǰׯδű㱻סѪΪ½ԶʹħԲԹץֽׯڷȥʯħûôˣٺЦͷС㡣
˵ﲻ˽
ʯħָָԶѪ𣬺ЦҪʦֵġ
ʦ֣˦壬ĲмһˣǺ𣿡
죡ҲǺ졣ϻǲӵʱǼ档ʦ˿ɺˣҲãϲҲϲ
ҡذһۣ
Ҵһʦ֣˵ҹһʯħʵش
ͻȻתһ˿ͷӻִʯħԼݡ
ԭΪȸǣ½ԶۿȻʵϻԵʱڵںôܽźһ£ֻׯˡ
ұȥ뵽˾֮һ㣬һѣҴҸԵ
ӤѾ뿪һյ裬СŶ롣ϣ½Զڰǰ˹ǰŪ\ӳԪ֮ȡã֪кôԪͨԭʼļƻֻ\ˣǰһ顣
ȻǷҲô鷳½Զвãһӣϵõһء
ϡ罿ֱߵĲ衣
ӹǰĲյ½ԶƳһĨӰ㱣̧ͷһȴİӡ
ϾۿǰŮӣ˭׼㴩ģ
֮䵭̬ȣͷһ𣬵ʱڵϣĲСѵڵϣʧɫؽ͵ҡϡ
ŭ½ԶĲյݺǳ˭׼㴩ģ
ĳаڵŭŵú󱳷һŮô£ŵ֪ԼŮ˻С⡱һ£п಻ؽˡ
ϢϢŭǡʦ֣õϵĸܸˣҪҡҪǰлϡ
ӿĺȻɢŻȻŭޣ˿һׯõԼ͵ĸܸˣеŭʱһ룬£˵ʲôˣ
ǰŭһԴת˼䣬϶˵˵ѣ롢ǡ
ȷȷʵʵׯ˵ƵĻ㲻üٻ˿̻ס½Զ˵ɡ죬ͷĺڵϣ߶¡
˿̴æĳа缰ʱһ㣬½Զġ
źòɢŭĻȻŨء½Զ䣬ǰؿͷˣзꡣһֺ󣬱ʧںС
һ£ȸУׯ֮⣬˽Բ¡
޵ڣׯվڴǰŴʮ֮֡ززһڰϣ½ԶժƵҰꡣ
Ѿ£ȸķн磬û޷ӳȥӳȸǣָӳħ磿һж½ԶУҲǡ
ֻǲ֪ˡׯŴ˼ҡ
ǰݣֻӯӯһաׯ½Զ󻷱סһתѹڴϣ˫úŻ롣½Զǵˮգʵʦ鲻ã
˲δӦ½Զץסڵ֣ѹͷׯѪɫݣЦʦֲѽǲ̫ˣǸô죿ʲôˣʦЩʲôأʦ룬Щʲôأ
磬ȥʦֵĺòãʦֵĺѣ˭أҼǵһСǽССǰɣ
ͻ֮ͯׯ˫Ȼ󣬶½Զں
˷Ӧ½ԶȸԾǵЦޣͫ˸ĳׯļҲ¶ˣǽС⣬СⰡʦСţȥһСѽðС⣬ǲǱСŸɰǲǰʦ֣ĺѣǲǱСŸۣСధʦִ뿪ʦӦûܸ˰ɣ٣һὫֹط
Ī궯Ļȣ½ԶһѹׯһĦָĲϸļеͷǿҡ
ôÿմѪǲǸÿأ
ÿģȥСɡŶˣС֪ʦѾСô죿ѹ𣿻ʹʦ֣СҪѹô죿磬ȥɣòã˾Ͳѹˡ˾ͲԹСˣˣСҲѹˡʦ֣С±ɣʦ±ҲСŵģСŵġ
ǰ˽аׯͷһҧش³֣
Ҫ½Զս֣ׯ˼£§ס˱ڻʧںУϲȥСɣʦ֡


119 絶
ʷӿ, 䡣ŨͻȻһ˻, ѪɹͷѪȺУγڿݶۣһӰΡ
멷, ݶ֮, ֮ѹȶˮϵľսݶϵӰŵƴӴܣһһ߾ֵش, ħħ𣡿ܰ, ҿܣ
ħ, Ѫһǧɱħ֮ʬǶѻɽ˿еλħˣ֮Դ˺̸λħ, ŭ, źҹʥ⡱
Ӵ, Ǳһ㡣½Զ, ϸüЦܿһ㣬ܿһ㣬Ҫץˡ
һԵׯ½ԶĽȻȴ˫޷, ƺԭء˷̣һȷѪꡣׯŭ½Զſ
ʦˣ½Զս˫ׯͷ߳ŭ飬зȼյӽ˸ɲһʢʦֵȻͲˣϷʼˡ
䣬½ԶȻһ䣬ֻһӴܵİշ׷ɢٶȾۼ£޺žš
Ⱥһָׯʦʦҿţʦˣоˣ
ʦλʦ𣿡
ҼģʦȾǰɣ
ʮ괫˵ֹӻ˼䡣ץסÿһݣ֮
ʦ·һǵģҼﻹһһСҲ
Ҳʦôˣ϶ܴħһȢϱһҵǰɣһҵģ
ʦһǵģʦһӲܵģʦڣǾоˣ
оˣоˣ

У·ڵüһ㣬˹ڵϿధΰΪʵǰλܹԼȻ´Ӳ⡣ׯĿģͶϣȴ۵һϡûô߹ǱߣҲûôеϣԼׯ
޷Ӧ˵ڴׯͼԼںУû˿ûʶ
ʦһǵģǻԶĴ£
ǰʦǻԶסģǶǵã
ҪסҪסׯ˫ֽȭܿƵսѹеᡣҪסʲôˣʲôȲˡʲôǡ
ջӿۿҿ¿ధˡׯͷ
ǰ½Զֹׯ°ͣϵۣ˫Ѫɫգظǰˣʦ֣ǶءʦҪôǣʦܲ˳Ⱦң
ãȻͷǰˣׯץס½Զĸ첲ưسҭǣǡҪʲôҶ㣬ǿ𣿡
ʦ֪Ҫʲô𣿡½ԶָϸϸĦׯĲʦ밲ұ
˵գ½Զͷׯһ£һӣһ.ڵϡĵͻȻǰĳ֪롣
ܵľٶ۵ףţȻšħʲôǡ
ǵУֻʤܻɣñǵ͡ƴɡ
ѻȸ˭ֻǻսضǰѳ亹ֻǰ½ԶһһӣѪ𸩳£Ȼ˻У̼䣬ֻʣһѰ׹Ǻɺ졣
Ѫ࣬ߵĿ޺˺㤡˿ŷŻһգ۾ͱ˰׹ǣǺڱıԵߡһ޺Уɽ鱬㣬к
ܲˣʹɣ
ȺгһˣֱϵĽȻԵˡʱѪգ촦˵һ˳Ϊħ֮ĵڶˡ˱㶼пԭ޺УѪһأѪҪҧȭͷңʯͷҡĭɣͽڳӣϵָͷҧѪĶ䣬ϵݺͶһͷѪдĿġ
ɱһ߿޺һԹޡ
ʦ㡢ħһΪʲôҪǣΪʲôûе㰡
ʲôƭ˵ģǳѪħ
Ҳʦȥòã㲻ǵõģȥɡ
ʲôʦޣƨʦɵ˶ǲĹǶһģЩħΪʲôΪʲôҪǣʲô
ȥɣׯȥòã㲻Ҫˡȥȥ㲻úú
ҺۣˣҲҲׯΪʲôҪңΪʲôΪʲôȥǲҪĲΪʲôң
ΪʲôΪʲôΪʲôΪʲô
졢죡찡Ҫ˵ˣҪ˵ˣ
ӽׯ·һ㣬ͷĿѣضǰתµ˲ͣغԹǳΪʲôΪʲôҪ˵ˣ
ԼܺΣ..ڵϣ˼̤䣬ָ˰ͷ㡢ָָ㡣һһŲͷ·Ҫ顣
ɱȺУһĸӶʯĥС׵Ļק½Ů˫ֻСΨֱ˷֡ͲòⳡϷˡ
ȻǱˡ
ǵսսӰ½Զһǣ·ӥץ㣬ЦץŶ
ȻֻѪ͵سǶĸӣץŮڿУѪ˺ҧ
ףСſе󺰣ҪץסףȴôҲץ
ʦ֣ҵĺˡ½Զͷɫ԰׵ׯ½޺ССɱǣӮϷҾͷŹף׶ܻ뿪
ͻȻİСתͷվݶɽӵ½Զغӵ˵ǡġ
ȻֻҪӮ׶ƽػš½ԶؿбС⡣
֪½Զڴʲô⣬ׯϹЦһתͷҡС⣬С⣬ǺúӣҪ¡
ҡ磬ףܾ𣿡С˫߬ǰ°ڣкᣬ˿ڱѪҧԲѵס
ˣͬ⡣ׯãȻؿС⣬ںȲˣ˭Ȳˡ
ҴӦ㣬ҲҪӦҡֻҪӮˣҺߡС½Զĵ
ӭСĿ⣬½Զϸüһ˼Ӧһ
ҾУСӱսӣҧ첲.¡һɣѸץϵĽͱˡ.ϴ˵ĺҧ䣬ͷ飬һĻӵ£һⱲû£˿̶òˡСѪ˫ֽŽСڴ˵º󣬻ͣشĺֱϵʬ岻ٶΪ֮
Ѫ˿ƯǼ⾡ζׯֻзŻչɶµС⣬˿˫ִһƬѪۣʬľش̣·һһͱϡֺ֡һˡ
ͻȻֹͣһƬžС⻺̧ͷʬͲ֫ûˣûˣӮˡ
ӵĽСΡΡһȳһյԵףϲغҡӮˣףӮˣǿˣӮˣ
׵ľԽԽˣС֣ͼץסеסܵ£ͻȻһױĭɡѪϣ̵ȶļ
ǡ׵Ѫ
·ֹͣˣСգָһƬʪճƺֹͣС⻺תݶЦ½Զоǰڣľ³֣㡭㡭
ŽŶϣ˫ֳ°ͣ½ԶϾؿС⣬µĮȻǸǻˣǲõġ
أӰѸգۼ½ԶСǰӸµظǰͯʳָָĲĥһѪ·
кͫ˸ĺ⣬СϵѪӹɺ죬ұŵı˰֮½ԶһĨɭЦ̰ޣС⣬Ժ󰡣ǵòҪ˼ҵĸ磬ǹԺӡ
˵գʳָСǼһ㣬ȻѪɡ
ǰͯʬ޴棬ׯ˫һ̱ݶϡѹֵ̮߽⡣ץֱߵƬ˷һ½ԶҹҲ뿴㣬
ҹƬ½Զ㣬ӭƬׯϱݺУͷѪҲ˿ˡߵׯǰסԴ˵ڰ
ʮʦֶȥأˮ򡢷ǣǰ¹ʯ׳ǣʦǺæѽ֪ûһʱأѽʲôˣÿΨһһ¾㣬㡣һΪʦֻһû뵽ʦСţһС⡣Ҳ²»ûСһСССġʦ֣ﻹжأСźѹʦԭҡ
ڻׯ˫ִ½Զĺ󱳣ҧ¶ļ½ԶǰȻ§ϱҧѪҲ˿֡
򲻹ĥƲӲׯ˫ۿն񣬽½Զţ˫Ҳûڵϣ΢·ˮĭһһʧ
ʦ֣ﻹ㻹𣿲Ҫңʦ֣ҪҺòã½ԶׯĲ󡣵ûκλӦľżʧľȻڶ
ʦֲңǡ½Զίɿׯ˫ׯգͷֱԼͬ䱦һ㣬½Զңеͷǿңׯûг˫ϲ
֮Ҿͽȫɱ⡣ҪۿµˣǰʹȥҪۿĵģȻʲôˡʦ֣㻹𣿡
ǶЩ˷ӦׯǰңԶ޷Ȼ¡½Զȥׯ۽ǵᣬСغǻţΨһ䱦鲻档
ͷׯһ£½Զ˫ҪЪ˹İִУƶħ߹ƻҪԶңΪһԶġ


120 ƻ
, աѪڿ޼ɵط裬ʱ, ʱץշɵɿצӣˤࡣȤζõ㣬˷ܵС
ζ, ʱʪɺ졣ѾǴ, ȴһĽҲûѿֻлʵѪҽеʬӬ
޾ɱУ⽣ӰաɽյΪȱץ, ħ
Χӵħɱ֮, ȼҫշԲɽᰵ˵ľѱϼ, սֲܿصزԵĽֻħѣδ밵ӤʵΪǿͽ֣۶Կ½Զ
½Զվ, ͽһɱϷİ鶼Ūٺƭ˵, Ψ޿ɺѹ֮ơֱ, ȵĶʮĹ, ܵһ⣬еĲңʹ࣬Ϊ̫ˡС
ڶ½ԶͻȻһɱΧ, ˵ڻ֮£Ծ𣬽ӭɱ½Զ
磬޾ĺɱ¹⺮Юһ˿ϣһȣŭĿԲ½ԶҪ
ݺ֮٣½ԶһĨĵЦ׿Ƹƴˣµüң˫۰У΢΢һͫѪէ֣һѪķز
ֻڵϵĳ֫СʦܣڴˡղȻŭִɱ½Զɽ᰼״ϣ˫沢С
Ȼ½Զ˿Ϊֻһָ̧֣΢΢һݶϵƬʱڿУǧŶɽ˻ѪˤڵϻԲѡ
ңġ½ԶƲƲ죬ⳡȤζϷûаȤһתʧںУǾ
ȸڣׯվԶĳڵȴˡͻȻ¡һȻڵϣ˼ԴׯɵЦٺʦ֣ûȡ
ׯȥϵʯħƨϵͣææ˵£ʦϴҵҵòˣǸܡܡ
ܲׯļضӹ
ԶԶԣܲҶûҵûǵϢˣڻڴšʯħǲ֣˰Ƶ
ͻȻһʯԴ䡱һըҡҡ׹·Ʋʧ䣬ͷĿѣǰڡ˼һ飬֪塣
û䣬Ҳ֪չػǡ侲侲侲ûϢǺϢȥҡɽˣ֮ΣںδţӶȻʦӱɣǵȥɡ
ɻ˭ҰֵͶħ磬ϵҲ˵ˣ»ָ˭˭
ȸǡȸǣ˿ȸΪУֻĽգչ⣬ĿûоͷĿտԼûоͷֹİֻǰˣˡû޷Ӳ硣ͽ͵عǽϣķֻһѣһ㣬ֻһ˷й͵İ衣
ӳȥǱҲãôãٴǺã˭˭Ⱦ˭
һֻ·ֵСȸ񣬳۶޷裬˫űסܹĸϣ˵ҲЦÿնһ޶ߣεߣ˿ڣȻҧȥµġֻڶߵ˿ڡ
˿̲֪룬ָ֪˭ֻܷߵȸׯ˫ȷվһҺʯħûˤڵϡаշƣׯǰһڣһͷƣķң·ݰѰӳ·
ͻȻһ֣ׯͷһץһһ㣬͵ƿʯħ嵽ǰ뷭ҡΨһ˿ϣׯæҵط䵹һӰ˵Ķҵϣ
ץӦʯħУׯ·Ҳʯħ֣µҵҡ
ʯħ˿ӦǣٿׯеһҧһžʹӦˣȻ֪Ϸ̣Ҳܺľܾʦ֡˲ˣ˵
ʦĺˣһҵˡ
ʯħʧıӰׯȻ㷲ȽֵǡͻȻϤ˼ŵһ󱳷ֱߵľеʱڵϣССĶ˳һء
ʦڿʲôأ½ԶƳ۵ϵׯ䲻׽ԹϲЦ
ûʲôׯҵӣͼʱָƽҼһãûɽˣǡȥժưɡ
һɣ˵򶨵ؼһĨοЦׯۼˣδһҪԼİǰϷǿЦİ˿
ۣ½ԶȸԾĵؾøˣ⻹ׯԺһһζЦʦ֣ϲġ
һգׯ̬ȶºͣһ㿹ܣ½ԶĶҲúţҹʱ˵ϲΪʾԼĸлϲ齲ʱҲ½Զӭϲã˹ꡣһУǰһʮǰһͨãȻһУվͣʮǰ
·Ʋڱ̳УһȪˮ֮Сİƣʱνκţ˿Ҳֻ¸ʴԱطˮнɢʧȥеĴɫҷһյɽ
ҹȼȽȽ޵һ컣ڵϣɫʤѩķѣɫī䣬׽֯ҡ
ϣӰ½Զǰ糺Ŀգͫҫֻ뽫˽˩ڻÿʱÿ̶ߣľżһ㣬ֻ
Ȼ»ͻȻʧĿ־̣½Զһׯͷʦ֣Զһ𣿡
һƬ磬ݳˮУׯʶңδ½Զ˵ʲôֻǸоϸԺӦһš
˳ȥơ˴½Զſׯؿڣϲѹׯ˯˵
ʶѣׯ컨úŻڵѩɽ֥С˵𣿡
ţ½Զ̧ͷׯôˣ
ûʲôǹҩ˵ȱһζҩҪѩɽ֥ҩҺ˵һ㡭ܰȡ𣿡
ׯ˵һɣ½Զ۲ı仯
˶һۣ½ԶĬƬ̣䣬޼ׯҲ˿²ʲô
Ϊ½Զ³Լ˼ׯӿ죬·һСץСϽ½Զ񣬻ҵգգ˵Ҫǡ
ð½ԶһڴӦˣƺм˷ܣֻҪʦҪģҶ㡣
ŵĴʯ£ׯһҲ˲٣ͷӭ½Զǡ
գӴڵϣذҫڹ⻪½Զ£貣Ӣ֮·ա
ǿϵıӣ½ԶһׯĶͷЩ㡣
˺ӦһСèƲ½ԶЦһϧ˿ֻϽʦֽ»§˯´档
ѾԶڼžׯƿӷ´ҹȵۣȫ˲ϵʹֽŻҵػ·˼ȡǽϵİùϵӦǡ
ȻǿһֻֽܴӦȻɵУȶųָׯߡ
š֨ѽһرգ޵ڿһˡׯ϶òͷǽǶ·ŮֽǽУׯӳȸǡ
ǰŨأһϽȸħ롣ֽӯëͷƮׯһᵽɤۣҳǰ˸ϣΨֳ˯һ㣬Ȼӽϡ


121 ȸ
ǰҫ۵ĺ, ڿ, īɫڷзɡׯͷһ, ҿ, ΨһӰӺгֽϻȥ, صûоͷֹС
ֽܻ, ͷ, ׯվԭ߬Ӧ, Ҷ, һд, һжǰ
ȫľ, ˿̸վֻúͷĿѣ, ڷ, ȫӿϿں䡣ׯǿҪŻĲʣƺںϻӲҡҡ׹
ͻȻ׹է֣ׯǰ, ͻȻ, һ޵׺ڶͷֽܷɵׯǰָָǸڶʾȥ
ֽ, ׯڶڰ, Ӷ߹ιɭ߽֮ǵĺ粻ϴׯʱ󱳷ӿ첽, Űһ·Сܡ
·кڰ޳׷һ㣬Ĳǿңǰǿκչĺڰׯ֪Ҫ߶òܳӳħ磬صİ
ǰȻһƬڣߵХƺڰ޳ߴܡܣë𣬶ǰ亹ֱȻ˿µĲ׹ԨûʵĹǱȵ˵ļʱ޿̲ĥ־ʣϺ档
չӥΪȸÿ޶Ϊ飬˿ںҧµ˿ڡ彫ȸڻУȸϢ˷ܡ·ֻۿȸʹʵѪ߲ܸܵݰʻģ̵ġ
ûоͷجҡҷȸͣȶׯƴ񱼣һͷҲͷ޾ԨҪ١ҪְյĶĥУϰߣϰΪǱܸ޷ܵ飬Ȼڲθǰֱȥ
ҪΪħͬ飬ڰˮʱԼȴڴйҡȻѡǱֱ֮Ҫ֮ΪѪеĶߣ׽ŪгһգִȸҳΪ˳ߣԥѡԼǱܳȫ档ԼԼķĹ޳¼Ϊ֣֮ѡȻѡˣӡ
֪˶ãǰȻûκһչİׯƺҪѣؿ񱼡Թ屻ϺѪӱƽ˸˼ݣӼҪͿա˿̾˶ЩҪɬȫһ
ܲˣׯʯӲϴǰĺڵϺϢȻɭ磬һͣ½Ųоǳߵ߿ߡֲסӵϢʱӿԴׯץؿڵ½󣬴˿ٰ̰㲻һӿ·ԼƵҪڴ˿
ǰֽܷɻקׯǰ£ʾߡׯ˫̱ڵϣ·𷽲ŵıþ˿ãȻؿǰûоͷ·ʹߴǰеֽܣᾹӿۿ
ô죿ʵûˣܻȥҲȥǰҲ֪жã᲻ڰ·ʽ.帯÷ʬӬΧƿʳҲ˷֣󻯳һѰ׹ǣֻºޡ
ҡׯǰֽܣֹ
ͻȻеӦ˸Ű׹⣬Ϥߣڰչ⡣
СϣüСģ
ׯϲץסһ˿ϣ߬Ӧǣ˫ֲܿصط϶ӦҡڰҲ֪жãģ
ȥˣ
ԼԼʱ
Ӧһʱ·̣ħ޷룬ֽܲҪ߶ˣҾŵ㡣һܿң㻹ŵס𣿡
·𿴼ϣׯһץʯڳȻ¶Ҫ뿪ҲҪȥӦǣΨŪϣᶨػӦáá
ǽڻǰУһׯŰܡһʱֻҪһʱܳȥˡҪҵ裬ҪۿɽᰵƣҪ׿˵лûΪ᪻ƣԾ˵İգ˵ܶдʦ֮סš
ǰʦԷӡħһ˿Ҫص巭ĵ伮ҪҵʦķԣĻҪһ꣬Ҫһʮǰġ
ҪȥҪذҪصߡҪڵǰ塣ҪڵħİСţǻЦСţǻݺ̻ʦֵСš
һҪȥҪܿ㣬ٿ㡣
ƾıܣׯײײܣзӿøҪŻĲǿңֻ͵ͷܲ˵ܡ
µ·ׯһʯͷס͵ˤڵϻףաġϥȫĥƤ˿̲Ѫǰ·ǺѪۣûôǱ˳޵žӣۺʱһϮʤѩˬ٣ɽ֮۵ׯδôǱ
˲ˣʹǣȫ˲ϡ̧ͷǰӦǣżǰץӦǺæϵûĵֻƴǰܡ
һʱһҪ·һʱһʱܿ㡢ܿ㡢ܿ㣡
˿ڲͣѪׯоʹĲǿңһĿں䣬·һ̾Ҫǰ޾ĺڰж磬߽ͣ˱ѣǼƺŵζ֪Ѫȡǹɴ̱ǵζˢ񾭣ǿ̵ĸŻд˿̲ܲ˵ӿԴͣͷ񱼡
ζŨ粻ͣش˿ڡ˲ôֻ࣬һͷڲͣطػصһʱһʱ
˫Ѿûֻ֪ǻеǰڶׯͷĿѣзֻ뽫³ǰģԼʲôڶƻ
ͻȻͷһׯеѪҺӿԴֲ־彥ʵĺڰ޳нһ˵ģһʮϤȴʮİˣһ˿¼ˡƽʵ
ģ˿̲ħ磬һǻþһǵġׯﰲοԼֻҪһʱͲٲˡǰƯĶٳûɢԼҪ⣬ֻҪ·ͺˡ
ǰûоͷĵ··ҹĻڸһڲȻŨأɭ֮ѹȶ顣
һϤӰӺлϤڲͣܵׯͣͣ˵ʦҪȥģ
ѵһӦǵڵϡׯϢ˲䱻ᣬ·ˮ֮˷һֱֻɡ
ֻƴȶȸ񣬾ͿҪű̿ϲ񡣾ϣʱͻȻ߽еǹ;ϢٶȾϯʧˮĭһ㣬ʧڳ߽ƵĻ
顱һׯԴݺײϴأ˱ڴϡ½Զվڴߣʱ멣ֻ°ڴЩʪ󣬲ϸѷ֡
üһɱ˶ſڴϵׯʦ𣿡
֮ʶңֲ־廹δɢŻлں䣬Դײϴأ˿һƬѣʵûаش
ׯӦ½Զۣ䣬ʵʦΪʲôҪأ
ϵ˻ûлӦֻһıӰ׵ȼ½Զŭͫҫźɱâüۼаǰڴϣׯӣס°ֱ࣬Լ
ϲظϻȴֵпһˣǽϵİʧĿ½ԶʢŭУÿһƶڸҹĻǼٵģǰյǼٵģ׿ڳŵҲǼٵġǼٵģǰһȫǼٵġ
㲻ǴӦҪԶһʦ֣㲻˵ҪԶ𣿡½Զܿصסׯʱһ࣬ƵŭԹ̳ۿׯֻӱӰʱеԵø̺ʵ
ƭңƭң
Ъ˹ŭ½Զ˫ֲܿصطǰϲҪҲԹ޵ҪˣǷаİ·Ķѿ˿
Ҳ뿪ҵģҵģ£⣬ֻҵģ
ɥʧǰУԺȻۣһ½Զ
ͻȻƳׯþȫ½ԶͬʧȥǵغҪʲôſң
ץж½Զǰ˴˿ɢΣϢе޾ĲҪʲôڴˣÿճûֹİѾ㹻ǱҪʲô
ǰλεĳׯ½Զ齶ҡμɢܡǳ..裬Ҫеһֱִס϶ش顣԰֮е߳θһĥҪѪĶħ
߲Ƶȸ񣬽ңؾëҲʮҧëƺҪء̽С԰壬ԼĶҺȸѪУԼаĶҺɴȸȸҲΪһ㣬ڰзͳٵĶߡ
ׯδЪ˹غУһֱһֱºǫѷӣǳȻĴʦ֣޶֮硣δǱʱԼδ
ƿ½ԶׯƴӣץŴͼ´ͻȻץסϣֻصǸϢĻС
εħĥ½ԶץסׯĽ󣬹ϸļѪ͹ɼҧһڵĳ嶯ûôڽϣžડһס·
·Ҳնϣׯһ˲ͻȻ½ԶƲͷңңһûǵķӣͣͬһ֣
ŨأѪ˻С½ԶƫͷһۣׯЦЩʦ֡
´뿪ʱׯ´еĳ룬ҵĶľС̨ߣӲﶼҳƬȻȻ˿ׯϵʵ
Ҳϵġſڵ½Զͷǰǽ壬ڵϻսӰ£ûҵ˭򲻿
ŽűһƬׯãȻţûϢľżһ㡣ģ½ԶնߵĻʦֿɻǵõ˵ʲô
ׯ̧ͷӸµ½Զն޹⡣
ӻɾʦ֣Ҷʦʲôõ£ʦֻô죿ʦֻǵλشô
ʱ⶷ת֪ģ˶ºͳŵׯؿŵ棬лɳۡ
䣬紵Ҷվǰͷӵץׯ֣·ϵţƺڵʲôò
ʦ֣Ժ˻µĻʲôµĻ𣿡
꣬ΪܶΣ½һЦ֮ׯֻ괿ӣػӦ
ӦݼŵʱСʱǵʱȻһʱ㹻
˵
ĸԸ
Ǻ»ǻ£ĸԸ
ĸԸׯĸ֣һĨŤЦĸԸǣĸԸ
ңҵһôãá
ǲκ˵⼸仰½ԶʱǺϣıܣͬˮĭȻ顣
ׯͻȻվغһ䣬һ㣡
嵽ǰ.࣬ʱѪգȾ졣
վűߵ½Զ״һʦ֣ŵسȥסׯסŵߵѪٷһ
Ƭ̺󣬹ӱѪץӵ޵ڣԹʱȴҲһƬǽ壬ȫɺ죬Ѫδδ䡣ٿϣĿббһ롣ŵˣ˫ĿգɫҰףϰɫ۱Ⱦ˺ɫദ.һѼ
ǰ֮ŵùس򴲱ߣپһţԹӴڣǸѽ
޵ڳζѪˮһһ裬ŮԵͷҿϡ½Զ˵ȴüɭһֻһ̱Ҫſ˰Ƥ̳븹ԵĿ粻ٸۣ㬵Ů¡
һãһߵ˲ϵĺһ
ڴߵ½Զʵô
һָֻ֣̯½Զǰ˻Σ꣬
˿ûɢ½ԶŴϢٵˣ
ƺǶ仰ʮֲӴӱԹܻħˣͨȥ˵ø췢裬ˡ
ץϵҩ䣬ͷҲص뿪
ǰһƬޣ޾ĺڰУׯãȻľûκϢͻȻէ֣һӰ֣ǰ
֮Ƽչ⡣վּ䣬ͷЦöʦ֡
ʦ֣һˣ
ʦȥźɣ
ʦֿҰɡ
ʦ֣
ʦ֡
ʦ֣ϲˣ
ǰУʱ⣬˴ҡׯȲػҵΨһ̾ʧҲˡ
ȻվԭصӽϹĵЦЦȪˮƢβһ˫¹۳γׯģ
ڴֿɼ֮ʣׯǰ꣬лϲץסҲ뿪ʱͻȻЦŶ˵
ʦ֣ƭҡ
Ȼѣһ׻ͷߵ֮ȥجΣһг档
ͷ컨ׯ˫ãȻǰͻȻϤӣȴôеģ
ϤȴİӿԼʵô
Ƽ˳ƯׯѾûһ˿ֻ³һ֣
½Զ˿⣬˫ֳׯ࣬ǰŲ԰ƶ³ţɨȸÿһ硣
ҲҾҪʦҲȥҲģӲˡⱲӣ±ӣҾװɡ
ϥǹׯ࣬½Զֱӣ˺ѪȾۣкȸԾһĨ޵Ц
߽ȸ񣬶һһ̽ѪУմȾҰĶҺȸڣͣսţ
ʦ֣మɡ


122 ļ֮
, Ѫδδ, ܲ͸Ľڶʯħ, һϢصͷ, Ѫͷյ, µѪС
, ½Զ, ʯħ, ֻһ۱ȡ߽ʱ, ͻȻһźӰ, ֻѪиʯħ֮䡣ſ, ͣصͷ, ߴߴ, ƺѧ˿ͷĵģ
½ԶֶƳѪЦҪ
ѪǲϵصͷȶߴߴƷڵˮ๾ðͣ
á½Զһ, ֻʯħϵļӦ, ´Σġ
, ȻӰѾʧںСѪڳ, ԴϣѧľһļͷԹ
ߴߴߴߴԱӵˣ
Ѿһֻ̤Źصʯħ̧ԴһĨȿ޻ѿЦ, мٺ٣ɵá
Ѿ˰£ׯǰ˿ѾϡȻѪĻȴĿҵĴ齡ǽĵ桢ɺİ֮Ϣա
ǵԼǾѵģһجΣʧꡣݻƣһجεһجΡֱǣȾһ˵Ϣͺۼ
ոһգ˶ѡ
һ⣬ȴҲˣһ˲£ǱƽնѪѡĿ־Ҳپ춯ءȻˣʲôأʲô
㵽ںʲôԥʲô
ʲôأ
ҵ˼ʱ紵ҵƣĿĵƮڴּ䣬ȸϡһİ𣬿ʤգʵȴںҹпή
ɨȸÿһ˵ؿڣ·һ㣬ǣʱȸ߹е꺮ůһͶϵˡȻȸȴڲϵսʵȸԺǳҪȸһ㣬ȸ˿Ҳֻӵгߵĺۼ
һҹϸ乡ڴҡҷǼŶ㡣½Զſׯϣǰϵ˰ָ̣˵㣬ѿţʦôвÿĺۼ
˵գǣһӺͳһ룬ׯǰ˻ΣЦʦֱúÿɣ
Ź⣬ׯǰ룬ͷƤ飬ѪҺӿԴ񾭽Ҫʲô
˻룬½Զ죬޹ģȻػӦʦְ
ׯŨصΣźţҲҪ
ȸڳ߽ĻвܿصսʪаУȸÿһë׶ظܵ𽥽ӽΣա
ƿ½Զׯ´ȴ§صŵλã½Զѹ£˫ֱѹͷһԵķڴͷ
˿ݿܣûκηֵֿءׯ޷½Զ࣬ſǰؿڵ˰̣ĳ챦һ㡣
ƼѪ˲ӿڴϡ½ԶͷѪ˿ڣ˷ܹ޵Цƾδʳץɿڵһ㣬ͫ˸Źĺ⣬ƵЦʦ֣ҵֺòã
ſȥׯͣŤϴ׵㡣
½ԶԹ࣬˫ֳ࣬пӰˡ½ԶԼؿϵĺۼ..չָׯʮֵ˵Ҳۣʦ֣̫ˣͰҲһҵĺòãҪԶҺòã
ȥׯǺ죬Ǵ˿˫ֱס뽫½ԶڴϺݺݵشһ٣Ϊһ١ô
̽Ѫ⣬һǰػһѪö֮شѪӿؿڡׯ۵õһ½Զ״Ͻչһ£һİƵģϵĶδͣ¡
Ѫ½ԶһƵģ·ںͫԾһѲ𣬴˿̷ȼա
ʦ֣㰮𣿡½ԶؿڴѾεġ½֣ǷѾİĽĵ׵ӻѪ㣬赲طӵÿһëѿҪ½ԶʲôɵģԥظˣĵεźǶׯİŶ
ϵ˫۽ɫҰףǰ亹ֱҲӦ½Զ΢΢˼֣ѪͣӿȾһƬ
ʦ֣˵㰮ҡ½ԶչͷׯĶͷʹŤÿһ飬ۣ̹ġʲôǱİ֮ԶסԼ˷ܺѪŵأһ뵽⣬½ԶֱҪ˵ըһ㡣
۲ѹˣׯҧأԼм߳ܡ𷢽ͣԨԴ೤
̳ȪˮеһóǵֲһĨĥĭ
ؿڵׯظܵ½ԶŻ۵ĵطһһ̤ȥƤСһ̲Ҫ¿ǲǸʵ
ߵȸÿһ缡˻˻ڶ߹ƻգҪȸſɳߵĽ԰ʹĽ֮մȾ˳ߵĶҺȸ޷ǷݳΪİֻ֣ӭϲãͽ͵죬
ҡ㡭
̫Сʦ֣˵һ顣
ߵĶȸϸ۵Ĳĥ䣬񣬴һһ绺̽ȸѪӿĹѪҺΧӵȣ㹻óߡʹ㹻ȸ˺ѷΡ
Ұ㡭
ûиŶ˵һòã
½ԶׯĲ䣬ǼׯŨĶ㣬źˮݣڿɢֻϢƱǼ㣬㹻½Զ֪·ǻϲģϲò֪ϦǺ̫꣬ϲ˰ɣ롣ϲҪҪϲ
Ұ㡱֣Լĳ־صħӰ˵۵ǣ۵׶ĵġȻǻǡֻҪ԰֮Ը̽еġҪƽȥ󲻹ĸ֣ĸԸա
ֻҪʱ⣬Ĳ͸ĸֵأĸԸʵʲôԸʲô˭ģ˭飿ʮǰδе壬ʮҲһҹ֮Ȼ򡣾ҪںʱҪٸʮ꣬صתڳˮ䣬ȻʱضŶԭĸԸɣǱκθ顣
ϵľ֮깤½ԶЦӯӯظׯ·ڽһСԺʦ֣̺ˣҵԺһԵġģҵģԶһҲֿҪԶŶ
µĴѾȾ죬ߵ֣ׯδȫ˯ȥ
һҹجΣֻʣһˡ½Զ뿪ʱæµҲ֪æʲôǼƻɱ˰ɡҲüƻһָˣӣͲɱһǣֻҪԼ֮˭˭һġ
ׯԱţץŴس´Դγؿڵ˿ڵǲˣӦ½Զҩϵ·ҲǸɾģӦҲҹ˯ȥ½Զġ
ϵ㹻ڵ߶ȷ·Ƶģһߵſڣͱֱ˽ʽһק
ȸˡׯͷЦһ
ʱڣŨչ⣬ֵؾҲѿ޷졣֮ڣɽѣһ쫷ϯ硣ͻȻһˮɽһ㣬һӰӵ𣬲ƺҪա
ҹ칬ֱħƺƵѹڰϣһʢˣһأʮǳصѪΪħѹǿһѪ·
ħ֮ƴһ֮ħ밵ͨħڰϿգѹǣƺʾħһȵϡ˺󰵾ԴΪħã֮ˣΪħ֮ū
һϦ֮䣬ɥǿΪħūϿšūӡץħûûҹԶһȣ÷
˿ʼٸߣħ֮½ԶվУµؿƴˣϷʵһᣬܽʮ֮ڣǺú档
˵գ½Զһ䣬罣ɨˡɽֿսȱħΧˡ
ħǧɣһ羪İǧѩſĽԵֿѿϸ졣ɽ᰽һɽѸٶϡ
ǿۣ½ԶۿŽ´ˣüͷʲôϷ
ͻȻǿ̻һϮ½ԶһһϡȻδվȣȻһħɱ¡½Զ͵һ䣬赲֮½Զ漴һݽǡδأһϣɱֱš
Ӱ½Զ°ڷɣƹݺϡ֦ҡΣּ䣬ѪּС
沢У½Զһǣҹ޷׽Це˼
䣬ֻ½Զһ̧֣ͷۣγһУںдƬ֮󣬺¶һѽ
нٴŨƷ½Զָһޣһϸܽɱˡ
Ȼʵ⣬˲䱻нĳ޽ѪͷףǧճѪڵϡ
ǿؿа롣˿̼ǼᰵҲδ½Զ֮һǰħɲ⣬һʱֻȡʤ
ȽԵĿͷȻȺӢ⼸λѧһΡ򲻹ͳʮΪϼƣɽڲûա
ƺϬһ㣬㼸ͬһʱͷֻɽ᰿ڻ·ħѰ·޼䣬ɹ½ԶƤ¼һ
Ѿ֮زز׷֮Ҳ׷һգۣ½Զʧңֻ
һ·񱼣ջصɣҲѹƲסͻȻŻһƬɺ죬ʦŵøϽӵʦ֡
ʦû°ɣ
ʦô˵ôأ
޷ȶĿˣҲ˵òᣬƿҩȸȥɡ
ǡ˴ʦ֣ǲȥɢʯ׳ǵİô˳
ħˡ
ħôǿλʦŵŴͣħǲӣǸǸʦǻģһλСС
½ԶձĿӦ
ԶԶԣʮСӣúܣôδͳħ𣿻˴ʦ֣ôǿ𣿡
ձĿδ
ʦܼ˵ôǿĻʦҪôʦǴôʦǴùǸ½Զ½ԶԼʦɱˡˮ򡢷ǡ筺Ƕɱģֶξ˲̣ɱǣжޡˣʦ֣λأħô
ׯ֮ۿλੲݵʦܣͬɻ
ʦ֣Ҳ򲻹½Զ𣿵꺮֮սҼֲӣҰ޵֮ˣ˭֪ׯ֮ʦ֣ôȥֿ֣У
һƺҡ
λʦͻȻ뵽ʲôžĹ⣬˴ʦ֣û˵ֺʦܽΪһ£
δüͷ΢ʦܡ
֪֪רȥˣ½һӡ½ԶҵҼֹܣϸ룬Ӧˡʦ֣Ǻûᡣ½Զǵ£͸ӦȥˣȰһȰ½ԶҪǵĻֵĻܸŰɡʦ˵أ
ʦôһ˵ׯʵˡӦʣ취ֵһԡ
ҹ칬ڰϿգ˿½ԶԵϣŵ֮ϲ
ӡ֮ԪͨԭʼΪħ֮ҪɣҲħ֮ӡ޽Ѫ
ɰǴ£Ȼ\Ҳ˵֪ƻҹħ֮üĿ
ӦԻ֮Ѫ֮꣬ӡ֮ͨ硣
ˣ½Զα˹ǣؿбϹŵİ
ʮ򡣡
±㽻ȥ죬պ󣬱ʯ׳ǵ㡣
ߵףӦ¡
ħڰץ˵ĶյˣΪħļƻҪʮѪ
˲̣˲˵ղȻŭĽǰ𡣴˵ȼƻֹƴҲҪֹȻʵħ𣬸
һĪչ֮ʣͻȻʦ֮ԡа취
ץ϶ңҴȥֱǰ߸ϵħ磬Ѱׯ


123 ȸ
ϢħѲߵĶ֮, ճ䲻, һ, ·װħ, Ŷҹ칬Ѳߡ
ֻҪҵׯ֮, ޼ƿʩ, ͷͻȻƳʯħǵһ, ﻹһЩС⡣
̽, ŵǰеľľ, һЩ塢ҡ, ÿһ϶һһ
Ǹõ, ˿Ѿˡոмؽʯħ, ӳջؽʱ, ۼֿûȥΧǽܣڻһ㣬ʯħܣ׷
ݽ, ȶҪ, ֻΪʯħ뿪˵Ҳ, ôһ˹, סһ㣬Ṧڡնϵĺδδ˿Ӧ˾¡
޵ڣׯӴ, ӹʯħľУڰϣ˿û´򿪿һۡʯħǺͣϹġȸ½ԶĽ磬ǽԱڣֻֽźõķ˺ֽŲõķ֮֡
ׯһյݸʯħͳһһ°ɡ
Ƴʯħϡ첲Ͻ˺ۣׯʵڹⲻȥͷεǸҺܿࡣ
ʦ֣ԸΪ¡Ҷ˼ˡԺʲôֻܷԸɵŲµġ
ЦһׯʯħǺģгҲɢ١
ׯЦʯħҲ˼Դ˵ɶʦ֣ҸˣҪЦЦǶϲЦҲǡ
ͻ½Զ֮ׯϵЦ˲̣ǳ˳ĿƳһٻش
ʯħ˼뿪ˣׯѾûӰĴţͻȻյġͻȻһӰׯǰŵ
֣ң
ǰ˵ģׯϲ֣ǼֵЦ֣ô㣡ôģ
мȾϲׯǰץסյĸ첲䣬ϵ죬·˿̵ģ
˼ͬһʱ俴ͬһʱ̧ͷӡɻдϣָָʵ⣿㣿ΪΣ
ŵľϲ˲飬ֻв߳ͷصׯȫÿһëסصͷǰˣҲ֪Ҫλشֻͽ͵ҡҡͷ
Ȼ̣ղپᣬżɽ˽Ҳ˹ʣΪһ¡֪ħҪ԰ʮ֮Ѫ
˻һׯбըе˲ɢׯһһշĸ첲һӴշԶϣΪϣȻΪ
ׯڰ֣Цһʾ⡣ŵĻ߻صһʯͶƽĺ棬öˡ
ʮʮ򡭡ԼʮʮƴƴѪộµһһǸ˵ҪѪѪֶѣ
ĸŮ۵ͯˡչֹҫˣˡھšͬȵѤ˿̾㱰߾͸͸ΪūƴµˣϧҪµĲ󼺵ˣֻһ֣һûκ¶ȵĹߣ
ʣ˿ƼѱҲҪһԡʮһϦ֮䱻ĨȥľңԶĿⲻⲻǸ˵ҪΪ֣֮ѡׯ
Ǹʲô취ֹ
ׯͷĿѣԴ죬ľ£ֹţ룬롭
зٻйصĶԲߣׯ˫ֽȭܿصսɫ԰ף·ѪҺȫӿͷ
ǰɳۣʦվǰ̻̽壬˵Щʲôأ
ߵĻׯͻȻվ͵سһԵױ̨ҵطҡһţ졣Ķȫӳ߹ҡ
дʣֹͣׯ˿ȫȻ˵ϵǽ壬г뵹ڵϣһһͭǮͭ
ׯĻҳݸ˵Ҳħڰץ˿׼ʦɽֻͭҪҵۣŻͭͶУȻͭ棬ͬʱش֮ˡ
ӹǰͭշ·ӹһ㣬࣬ᶨׯ˵֣㻹ĳеׯ
ׯֻһЦƿɬοȴ޷Ϊ˵ᣬԸɡ
˹һת뿪֮ʣׯͻȻסƽеϣѹһ㣬֣µһҪɹ
֣ͬصسӦʧſڡ
·еһ㣬ׯĵ߻شߣһ˯ȥǸجΣǰЦת۱ʧɣһգֵ޾Ԩû⣬ûκϢ׹ͣ׹
պʯ׳ڣʮ˱ΧħװƵӤаࡣһ˻УѪʸ£ݶۣ½Զл
ħˢˢظźҹ޽ҹʥ⡱ϵİŵûﲻͣ߶ӷ𡱡мŽݶϺϵ½Զ󺰵ħˣǾȹҵģ󷢴ȱɣ
½ԶĵػӦ裬ԣҫ۶ĿǰˣǺܿܽˡ
ħǾһǵģ
ͷ¹ĵˣ½Զ֮Աǣһӣֻ˽գڰС쳹ʣʹޣ޵ǣȴ޲½Զġ
աɽᰵ˲ּ䣬Ż
ͻȻʺȻγһӴУ޵׺ڶҪȥͷУ·ҪͽħѪУ֫šš
ʮ˾½Զ̧֣ӡӡŸ첲ָ⣬һȺָ⴩͸Ʋ㡣ͻȻ׺¡еۡ
ʱץֱͭӽС˺ͭ棬ܵ࣬ȼźƣʴʡ
ʱƱѣͭһֱ֮½Զᴩšʱ죬ŵħ׷ӵϡ
ָȥǵѪ½Զ˵޷
ţͭ䡣ʮҲʧյ˼³Ͻ뿪ֳǰȥѰټ
ŵͭ½ԶŭǸϤǺУ˭Ϥ
ΪҪΪҪȥΪܹԹΪҪ˶Ըʮǰˣʮˡôôϲƭ
ǾĸԸǼٵģ˵ҪԶҲǼٵģ˵ҪƽҲǼٵģһжǼ٣ʮǰǼٵģʮǼٵġֻɵһΪ棬˶ƭֻˣֻĵģʮǰǣǡϲϲ޷ջأϲͿ̤
˿ͷǧѶ۵һһͷ⡣ʧŭ꣬ȫռ½ԶǡԹޱȷű˸ʹĥ޷ġ
˫ֽȭ½Զͷü䣬İҹ֮ӥɱΡŨأ½ԶȻһ䣬תʧںС
ȸڣׯվڴǰԶƺҪ˰ãƺڵȴմϢеʱͻȻһ˫ִסڴϡ
δӦѹֱ˺κʱҪ󣬷Żؾİ£˿ֻʣµ鲻ļв
Σգׯ½ԶڴŤׯýҧ½ԶȻ˿ĸ첲ҧӡ˲Ѫ
ȥȥׯͣϵҶ죬ҡҡλΣᣱһ㣬ҲڵϣҲ
ׯͷңֻмƬƲһҲ½Զ½Զס˿Ҳ˺ӡϣѪӡ˿̵½Զ·һֻҪ˺ҧޣʧȥһ㣬ؿҧ
۵üͷһţׯӣڴ·׹ž
ʧȥƽĥӲݵԣ˿̶ֱײش̽ȸڣҺ糱ˮӿȸÿһѪСȸȶҲ֡
ʹׯŭ裬ûɵķйͬɥʧǺºӡƲˣŤҲ˿ռơׯû˫ֲͣ½ԶĽȻݺݵش½Զһ⡣
Ķƺ˷ľ棬½Զͣдֱ䣬µׯյָӡɼ
ׯһζִˣĻԼļⱦİˡͻȻҲüһţׯ½ԶĲ
ǰͻȻһֻʨ˫ֽסׯĲӣͫȼѪĿӡҲڲʳѪҺ½Զܿصָ⴫ׯȵ£·һ̿ȣ
Ъ˹ŭ½ԶׯĲӣ󺰵
ΪʲôҪԣ㲻ϲ㲻˵ҪԶƫҰΪǰˣҴϰɣĻһֱһ˵ġһϲã㷴ҲʲôˣһµԿ޺òãȥ㲻ҪǣҪ˺òã
·𳹵׹ׯ˹Ю
ȸ񱻳߽Ѫ͹һ̱ҪѡȸͷƬ̿˻Уȣַڱ
ǰڣѪҺ塣ׯ˫ץ½Զĸ첲߬һšǺ죬ǰɫɺתڣƳĹӣһ̱ҪڷС
еץ½Զ䣬ˮ֮ץסһݡָɢӲ׹׹ף׹޾Ԩⶼûй⣬ûϢû꣬ûκˡ
˫ֽɿץ۴ĳׯ˫Ȼڴ齣룬ĺʱɢչ⡣
ĵ¶Ƚʧյһ̿ȼ½ԶŻнûϢˣһͣͻȻɿƣסׯԴغʦֹҪС˺òãҺϲģҲҪϲŶ

ׯǰ


124 Σķ
ȸ, ʮһ, Ʒһƿ, Ұǰֺһһ, ƤشӴڡ̰, Կ֮زز, Ĵ׷ۺ, ˡ
ׯվڴǰ, ŵ, ·Ʋ, һҺ촺, ѹһꡣǵóʱ, Ҳһŭ, ȥǿͷĴ
ħչ⣬½Զħڰ֮Ϻ󣬺, Ҳ޿ɵĺҹ, ħֵǾ䡰ҹ޽
ħ밵һҹʢ, һҹпή
Ȼڲյҹ֮, Ψׯڵȸһļ糣ҹ档һƣҹﳿ¶δ, ʱѩѹ֦һжѰһ㣬簵һ㡣
޵Ժһ޼ʵ֣ı̲ݣһǧСӼȥӶ߹ߣѹſϰݡҲʯħ۰ͰΪ½Զ·Ͷԭˡ⣬½ԶҲôɹֻһֻˣׯһ
ȸǣׯڶȥĵط˵ȥĵطԵÿÿ޵ڽһֺ½Զׯ´棬ᱧһԵδ£ֱΪֹ
㣬ӯӯִʼ䣬ᵽ˲ɢĶ㣬һëѡεƣʱ㱻էȻӿİɢƿϵ˷ϣ˼ȥ
գҰò׺Էҩ˿ҩЧڴϳ˯ħòпɵħȻȻڴ֮ӦӲϾҰʱʱ̶̿ͶħĿġ
֮ˣħ嶼ΪǼɵħеͶȫ˭֪λӣ𳤵ĴӣΪǲΪ˵ҲɫġʲôʲôڻĲʵʵڵ˼¡
νĵҲ
ҰҪµǶ使ƫУħ֮Ļ˵ħܼ崿֮
㲻㣬ϡħ綼һˣܹ½ԶżأһػͻȻȡĴ䣬̵ǰԵѰ½Զһˮ½Զһǳ⣬뿪
ҲǴΣ֪½ԶׯĹϵȻڲţׯʦܽΪ¡˵һ£һ¡ۼׯ½Զ³л֪ץ½Զĸ첲ͷСʵƽ˳޵ϵ
֪֪治֪ģģ.¼
Ұһҡͷ̣һ˸߲ҵԵϡſһߣѾ½Զˡ˵˿½ԶһڵІ
ͣҰ֣ǶֵȥˡͣرԵ½Զ׽˴˵ľ룬Ϲ׽һһ˵ĻĶѾʾٻˡ
ȻһӽҰԼϢվڵ̽飬Ȼׯϴθй֮޲һֹֻ½ԶĲӣһֻץǣںīӡ½ԶǸǹЦ˫סŻŪʶҵˡϵһζ½½ڵϣɢһء
ôׯˣ㰮֣ҰŵڻƵĶˣ۽Ƿ죬ߡʡһʱ֮ȫռǡһôֵ˺£ǰҪ˭Ϲδʧ֣һأζûŵׯ˸顣
ʧ̣¿Ҫ֮±ǳׯлӽ½Զˡ
һѣСԶӣ˾ͶˣȻ⣬οСʵʳ֪ζڡҰ̣ıĳ춯ص¡
գׯǶšȻƽպ½ԶһţǳԲԼмȡϰੲݵؼвιͻȻһնߵûˣҲġ
ϰߣ
ԴȻһףׯв˵ֵʱ˶١ϰߵģôϰˣ
һĶĥżż籩꣬ƵͷȻŤİֹİϰˣô˵óڣ
ׯͻȻңӿв˵ĶҰķŵĻͷÿجξѺ亹ٳδɢ
ȸ񣬷ÿվȴ߰Լɨÿһ磬˻˻ƻֿжзֻ谲ĵءȫĵؽɳߵİɳߵĽ֮ҺӴƼĶйڣ޼ɵسˢȸִţ͸ÿһëףҪȸһ㣬ѪĶߡȡ̳
ͣˣҪֹֻƵͷׯ˫ֲܿصϸϸĲҶ࣬ʡ
ŨصĿζδ˼ׯע⵽żеһΪγࣿ
ׯϸϸ׽м˼λҩġǿΡᯣ˰ϸԼһζҩġ
Ѿȥһ룬ׯԹ屻֮˻࣬Ӧֻ֮˵ĳ̶ȡһζҩĻδׯټһŽŨȿǻӱ
ĿɬУׯһζҩġ۶
вɻ󣬺ö˶˵һ̲ˣʲô۶װ׻˿ڸС½ԶǷſ࣬Ϊνյļ̲˶ࣿ
۶۶۶
ׯͻȻ꣬ͻȻԼÿշõҩ뿪֮ʣȻѪӿһԴԴ
ȻͷĿѣׯŶͷץ뿪ת֮ʣһ𣬷ӿϺ䣬ʱ죬һƬѪȾ˽°һѪȾ£ʢɱ˰֮Ѫŭš
ʱ籧Ųв󣬿ǰŻѪׯƴñϲҪȫѪ¸˲źá
Ȼһ˻У⼸ֻѪȶӴɹװʧɫģӵĲУׯǰ󺰵ôˣ
˿Եڣ½Զؿαĵذڶ˹ǡŰйµ߶ȴڻζׯĻ繣´ٽƭҪſϼ͵Լ
£½ԶЦϻűһζĹЦݡϲİЦϣ̽ػϡ
½Զĵ¶̬ŲŲӣɿµ޷
ڰڼ˵ʱȻӿڣһνѪ½Զͷߴߴһͨȶ
ŻУѪһٹߴ½Զɫ䣬ͷһѪҺۼͷʦֺȻʧںСʲô̬˲ãֱȸǡ


125 
űȻƿ, һźӿ, ½Զһű㿴ϻԵ, ŵسȥſׯ, ˫ֽס֡
ڳŨصζ, Ѫˮһһ, һλŮڵϲõŻѪ
ڴ, , ׯָһ, Ѫ, ڴµ, Ѿǵˡ
½ԶǰɫҰ׵, , ˿ûѪɫ綬ѩˣ˲԰ף, , ůˡ
ʦ֡½Զſׯüͷһ, ʱǺúõ, ܺͷʱδֻûһŶѣ㴫жΣϢ
ôˣ½Զ̧ͷ˹һۡ
λҽ۾ضׯϵѨλ, ȥɫĶѪС
ҩˣСΣӡҺѩɽ֥һ׼ײİɡ
ҩˣΪΣ½Զɻ󣬶Źӣɱ
ʳ۶ҩĵҲûʲôҩһͬãǾǱ.˪ҪĶҩ㿴ⶾѪʣѾһֻ̤Źඡ
ɱ½Զü䣬˿̽ׯ֮ǧУͷŭƫͷƳһۺһԵ磬ʵյʳǺ˸𣿡
վ½ԶֻΪԼ˵缫ϲͷʱ͵͵½Զϸϸŷᡣ
ϳȥ½ԶۣΣ֮һ壬Ϊū
ħ̷У֮Ρܷ޳ΣùеһһѪ⣬޹ǣħˣͶܷ֮ࡣ
̷Ƥ֮࣬Ǿĥ.衣ħ޳εģضΪпɻǵλߣ֮ǻصĴͬ۵Ԩ֦ͷ˱
οܽȸߣǼһ壬䲻Ǹλħ壬ôҲǽеŵңҲλϡ½ԶƮƮһ仰Ϊūķ⣬һϦ֮ȫ顣
һ˰Ӥһ֮֮ϵ⣬Щ߲ɵͲ͵ħϻ̳Ͽ֡йȸǵģǧһҪСĽ
½ԶׯԴѵˮǣ·ڰʹ
Ŵϵ޼䣬һԵ˲ϤУҵҪƽʱõ㣬ٷǾлл´ˡҷŸʱɿˣһõضûУôµȥ֣ĳЩҹܲţٸϴϣϴ࣬жƽմССҾͲˣʮֶֻҲģͶصôҪңһҹһĨ㲱ӣͬھҲùں
һպú󣬹˿ϵˣһ˵ˣ㶨ҿǧǧ㣬Ѫ飬һͿĵӡǰԵҩҲ׳ˣһҪ¸ҩǧסɶѾȡ⣬ǸȿȣܲͲڵǸŵ㣬ˡ
ֻдϻԵˣ봲ͷغˡҹĻڴҡҷ
·ѪһɺԵĺӵûκϸֻиѵûĺڰ
ׯٴجΣһÿεͬĳûйİĻЦϮĴ𣬻вͣ׹Ԩ类׽󺣣ͣ׹ףͷ
ȻȻѣ졣ׯۣʶָͷ޲ŵڵĸûʣɴƮ֮һŵǵݳǰе꽥غϣȴζ
ʦˡ½ԶׯԴԣϵĺϸϸĶͷաָϧظ䣬ᣬΨŪ
ƺȫǸجׯۣ½Զϡ
˿̵½Զˮᣬ绯ǡϵĶҲᣬ·ⱲеĺᶼׯǷ·ǿ϶һ
Ͱ⣬ķƫִˣģΪׯڡ
Żˣ½ԶׯϵĶ㣬ԶŲһ㣬ʵʦ˵˵ɣʦֶʲô
мƷ˿ׯ˶ӣͷһƫƫǱػصд֡
дʲô
дд
ڰ壬ׯ½Զд֣ǾƮݵġִ֣֮ϡǾɬġʦְңҰʦ֡˵ů磬Ӷ䴵
½Զ§ׯԴԴʦսдֺòãǺþûǰˡ
ǰׯĥ⼸֣ǰô
ӿһɬƣׯͼش˿ϵĸ㲻æô
㡣½ԶչףʲôûҪ
½Զصص˰㣬ׯߣҹǾΡӸ˴㣬ֻǽҲˡ
ѵеһׯǧصĴʯѹϡ½ԶʣҲһѹ˯ǽ§ڻ첲ͷ󱳣䡣
⻹ׯһαȦڻ˯й˵ġ죿ǰ§½Զ½ԶСƽգҲ½Զѹϣͬ齶ߣԡնԷѵ˺ǻЩ֪롣˫ֵ½Զǰ˫֫ʩչʵܡ
΢΢ͷǰգۣüͷģʨеĸׯֹŵľȻɢƿҲǲҲǡ
ʱ½Զһ£һɢǣѹɤ˯ɡ
ϸ·ĳħһ㣬ɢľʱǵϯׯƤأճϣ½Զ˯šҹżѣ߬½Զ½󣬺һֻĵذΪɢеĿ־塣ĺǻУׯ˯ţԺ˳㡣
ʱСׯʱкҩͼ͵ǲϳ·ӸɰͰ͵ʺֻӿȥ㣬֮޶ٲ˳׵ÿÿʹһٺϾͿʼجΡʱǳߣʱĺ󱳣Сׯ˯š
뵽˳㣬Ǳϵ̫ůֻǱʲôԭһҹֻһΣΣȵ˯
Ȼ˯һþҲд۵ģ˿ׯȲ½ԶϣëĲɵطдšׯ˯ˣ½ԶһҹδߣαͣشǷƤʼܣǰӰһ
ϵĶӹ½ԶǼ⣬Ļꡣ½Զս°͵ׯϣ˫§Žź󱳡ͷׯ䣬޼ɵǹĶ㡣·Ǵձˮۣ봺ɫڣѡͷɧ̲סҧһڣȻġ
ׯĵػëʣͻȻһʹ۵һعͷ½ԶȻʼٸϲصؿԼǱ·СӵһһϲǹЦжߵĹƻС¹޹ʦ֣ҿ𣿡
ˣȴͻĻסˡׯߵĻں䣬иһǹԼѿıʣȻҪ𣿡
ǹ⹴ׯһ㣬½Զս˼֣Ųׯ㣬ͬ⡣
ׯŤһ£Ų̨ԳĥīȻȴȲҲ֣ƺòĻӦʹϡ
뿪κѲ뽫һԲƤҲһ㷨ӶûУţƤһ˦˦
ͬӤׯʮֲ㣬ҲʮܡĶԿа־ܵءšһ
ڳݼصȵĴб㸲Ĵ·𷽲ܹݵĶαװҵĺӿǶʼٸߵļб¶š
ׯ񾭣˫߬½Զ½ԭΪƽһ㣬ɨȥϵԼѹϣȻһƣãǰֻǹӵص§Էͣغȥ
䱸Ľɣ·ȵڻͷһǡׯɿ˫֣§½ԶĲӣ𽥽Υ繵ǡ
ƺãõ֦ͷһڷУҰһƮׯϡ
һ䡣½ԶЦһǶһʦ㿴һ㡣
Դ½ԶͷŵǷ·ȥԴγƤԽԽء֪ģǻ΢õ˯˯Ҳ˯ãһ۱ǳجΣĺڰ޳֮ȥ
˵Ϣȫڲϣ½ԶƫͷׯԴסָָ֣죬ʮָۣСȴʮּᶨʦ֣һӺס
ߴģૣׯδ˯ȥʱ.½ԶһȪУгŨصҩ㣬š
ܷʰ쵵ĺׯͷſĲʵͻȻһֻ׵֧ͣϥϣų򣬷·һֻСèϥϵ˺ۡ
ׯЦЦδ̹ȻЦﵹҲ˲٣ѹϵĴʯƺʧ࣬ա
ȻЦݣ½ԶҲŴãؽܵرΪʦ׼ģʦֵϲãҾҩȪʦԺݾͲˣһݾˡﳣ궼иֺͽкȪôʦϲ𣿡
ҩȪȪˮ峺ҽζׯ֪ҩĲơοԶ˵زǺֺ֮Ʒ֣ǷϢ֪ҪѶٹٿȪڣĿ֮Ե̰һƣ޵һģһϸѵ˼ȸ١
ݻԼеϸİԼҲΪҪԼѵľأΪҪԼڰΪβԾһ㣬Լ룿˭̣
ׯɬţƳ½ԶǰĿ̺ۣͷȻһšʱĿģ˵ľΣ飬ŻԼôݣôӡǡ·Ҫ͸ţֱӿһ㡣
ָ˰ָ̣ɨ͹ĵطҲűһ¡ׯ̧ͷ½Զüͷʵô
½Զץסׯ֣ؿڡôãһԼ۲ۡ·ֻص޼Ԩ׶ĵʹҪһ㷭ӿޱԹ޵ؿ°˵֣һһȴ޲顣ֻҪׯйصģ֣Ҳͷ
ۣĺۺۡ½Զͷ죬һСӣί޹ҪԴ
ٶӿͷǹϤ˿־ʹȻһһͷ
ʦ֣ΪʲôҪңϲϲΪʲôҪңߣΪʲôңҶôôధˣΪʲôǲԸͷһۣҺۣĺۡǶýңҪ㱧ңһң˵ԶңûСʦ֣˵ϲƭ˵ƭҲ޷㲻Ҫ֪Ϊʲôٺһ㣬ΪʲôҪ֪
ϲ㣬ĺϲÿһطϲǡǡ½Զ̧ͷѱʪ˫ֽׯ֣ΨٶԼ
ôϲ㣬ʦ֣ΪʲôҪƭң
ʱ꣬ȴѲǵģ޼䣬˵ȴ̡ͷصǧĻط֮ȴҲû˵ֱգ̲סίԹޣֱͷ
ΪʲôҪƭң
ΪʲôΪʲôô˵óԵɣ棬뻤棬ƽ档Ҳ棬ƭҲ棬е档νͣ˵Ϊʲô
ԭΪԼãƾһ֮Ťת档̫Ըˣʵݺݵسһ⣬˲̫̰ġ
Уѡһѡ˲Ƿ֮õġ
Ȼ°תǧأִˡֱףһòʵٴκݺݳһ⣬ˣ˱ֿտһС
䰲˫ȫ䡣ȻԲָôģô˻ơסʧܡ
ǰ֮ҧ촽·ҪеίʽУеģʮԳܵ⣬Լʱʮ˶Ķ⡣
㱼غبǰڹԣ˿ȴֻƮƮ˵óڣ֮ʲôûС
ǸǸ
Ǹׯ§ס½ԶĲӣḧԴǰǰǻۡʱһ꣬ڿסˣУ˵һֱΣһֱ綾ҧͷĿǷӿۿȪˮСǸҺ㣬Ҹ㡭
ʮյĸǽƺڽ·ǴյˣҲʼڻׯʼ½Զչ¶ЦգϲġֵġģҲԶһժƣǣɢ§Сʮǰһ㣬ƽһ㡣
һֱͺˡﰵ롣
Եڣ½Զڽ뿪ʱУǵЦôҲزסҹ칬ڷǼ½Զħﶼʼͷֹ⼸ĺãûǰһʱʱͷˤӣжıϳȥ̡Ǽ񵽱˻ôˣ
һ¹һ£ׯʼǰǰãʾͿĹ֡
ѾնׯĻ֮ˣ½ԶŹڵϵʽֵܣ˹ǲͣطϷˡڵá
СԶϣҲ֪ʦҩ۶ˣֻǡֻǰڲʱϲʳ۶һ˾͹ȥˣ֪鰡
ҰڵϣͷҪŵ棬ɾغ浹ӳ־Ť٣ˮڵϣ󱳶ʪһ顣
Ŷ½ԶüңɱŨأʦֲϲԿ࣬ʦֿǼǴ˰ɡ
һʦ֡Ұ˰أҼǴˣҼǴˣֻ˵ģΪ֮
һԵץҰĸ첲ͷ½ԶĲԱԼʦ˵ûû֮λ޴ǡ
½Զǿα˿ΪŪùǣĬƬ̣󵭵ȥι
赭дƺֻǴһֻһ㣬Ȼڵϵһ͡ҰͣҪȥħκιԷϣĿڵ˻Ѫ·ûĻѡ
ԿҰӲܳȥԼ޷ѣֻܿʦԼԶҲˣҲûʦˡ
㣬㣡̬Ȳã˵ˣҸǸʦֻ֣ˣҸͷ
ԲͣؿͷǰѪģ˲ʹģߵѪֻ֪ˣɱȨˣҲʦˡ
½Զſ̴ӽȥͻȻһֻѪڼͷߴߴŻϷһϵˣһ̱ʧںУͣرȥȸǣԭֻׯš
ΨһϣԿſյΡһسţֻԼĺѪڵδйĹµ־壬˿˰㳯ϯ
ûʦˡ
Գŵ滺ЦЦħԷ׷׿翴һӡ
ǽڵײײĿţԿƲסش޺ʹЦʦˣȥģħ֮أǰ
ûˣʦˣʦҲˡ
޾ĺҹɣ㱼䣬ֻصûչС¥ССֻӣҹ仹
ʹ಻¥µĴϢˣķ糾Ůӣ⻳ϵģ֪˭ģҲ¥˶󣬾ͱڸ¥ϣӬߣҹҹҪ¥벻ͬӵŶ䣬Ҳ
꣬Ⱦ¥㽫˳޿Ϊ
꣬ʶͬΪСлӵҰҰͷһЦŶ˵ԵҲҲ¥ģ˵ͬһءұ꣬ͽҸɣԺ㣬һڷԾ㣬òã
һθܵůǻֻаͷҲͷ᲻óԡҰ˺ü飬˵Ժкָܶ࣬ģСһһڳȥ
Ⱦ纮¾ɼηտԡԲѣҰļ٣Ĵҽһ죬ֱϳ˴ţڳʱҰŪһλ˵·ȭߡʶģҰҰ󱻴ûѪ۽˰̡
Ϊֱʮ꣬ռɽҰΪĴӣΪСʦܡʦ˵ģԶá
Ȼ˵ҪԶõĸ磬ˡδѰҺѰ
½Զʦ֣Լֱ޿ˣҪۣ
ͷŭȡѪͳԵ˫۲Ѫ˿ָ׿ʯڣγۼҪ뿪ħ磬ҪҪ½Զú
Ӱʧ޾ĺҹУʽҲ⡣
ֹʮ죬½Զ˿ûзѾʧʱֻׯһˡѾĥУǲòׯϡ
ʱԵڣ½ԶͷŰƪ߶߶ֻϽ뿪ȥׯʱҵģ˵ħĸҲħ֮޵ĻħУׯ֮⣬˭ʸ񴩣ֵģǾעҪġ
ֻҪĥһᣬʦ־ʹӦˡƫƫʱ򰵿м¹سԪֲ֮òʦҵɣӲǽ˳
½Զź̾ȰֻںޣֻܽһԹʱİϣָָϵᣬ޷޵żΪһ飿
ˡħħĴᡣѲԪ֮Բš
ħ𣿡½Զƺ仰ʮָȤϰĻʵħкܶħ𣿡
νʵֻһˡ
Ŷ
Ѫħӡ޽Ѫӵ޿ɺΪħ֮ݴأӡ޽Ѫӡ֮Գ棬»ϴǰһ壬ħ֮ʵֻһˡ
ӡ֮ʲô
ҡҡͷ²֪Ҳδأֻӡ֪
Ѿжٴˣ
ǵھʮŴ
ô죬\벻а½ԶǹһĨЦ֪Ǳ壿
ĬƬ̣ʵصǡ
㲻ޱ\֮ꣿħѵᴧ⣿
жǱ廹Ǳ壬ϱϡʼգֻһˣΨհħ壬ֻӵӡΪ˭
ӡˣϡ档
˶٣½Զʵ㷽˵ѾҵԪ֮
ǣ´Ӵе֪ԪͨԭʼĹؼ֮ǰһᣬţֵĵطڣ塣
塣½ԶظһǹһĨЦڶùǵͻȻͣ¡
Źصİ½Զϸüһǣ䣬Цȥ׼պ󣬱Ҫطʵء
Ӧһ󣬿ͷȥ
պħƺƵٴν밲壬֮˵õϢʱ궯
ʱСľڣܲľһԷ磬¼ϵľŵسݺϢ½Զħٴȥˣֲ֪ʲô¡
žડһҶĴڵϣ˲ϽűƬȡһԵǽҪϽȥ
ԡܲȡң֪ʦڲڣҪ취һ档һʱˣʦҲϣǸϽǻϡ
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ļٵظȥ壬ʱɽմźɵʦҲǱ߸ϡ
ͬʱۣѾһɽͷʱľ賤ϱڲԫһƬ档һ˽лʣֻѪưܵʯשϷɹ
𽥵Ŀİ壬ٶȿʼ֡


126 
˷طֻΪȡ, ½ԶֻŰҹ޹, ֻħƯ, µ·
Ӳݴ, Ӭ޼ɵܡԫҲûдǰװģ, ѪʯϷ, ˻, ƺڽѾǵ
ŽűߵĻľӲ, ǼŸζׯͷϸ, һһءÿ̤һ, ·ܸܵµץĽ, ߰Թ
ʦ, úò, Ϊʲôǣ
ʦ֣Ϊʲôúúõģ㲻ǴΪʲô
ʦ֣ʦػ壬Ϊʲô㻹Ͷϣ㲻޳
Ҫ½Զ, 㻤һħ, һжɵģ
ʦ֣ҹλʱ, 㲻Ĳ
, أƺҪȥקǵߵĲҽǰƺֵѪսʦǱħɱ, ʦ͵Ϯ½ԶĽɥʧΪһĻһĻաׯͷĿѣһһҺ½Զʱסûˤڵϡ
ʦֲɫ԰ס
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ׯץ½Զĸ첲ϺѪɫδվȣ㱻½Զһգ۵ĹصԷ
˰ȵطڴϣĵظǺñӡׯ½ԶֱһĨЦû¡
ȥͷ½Զҹׯ飬ȴׯקס
ˣû£ɻᡣ
ѵׯڲʱҪԼţ½ԶȻϲϲߣһֻ첲Դ£ͷס
½ԶׯŵѣнɢƫͷǽϹŵ֣ͻȻһ¡ǵõӸǬػ̤ڿ֣ͷ·𱻼⵶һ飬۵Ѫ졣ٴοȴζӳ¡
㲻иľ뿴ׯתͷԵ½ԶԭΪỶϲصȥľиԼҫһ߶ֻ˵ɫоתΪɬӶ쵽ӣϺһ㡣
ϻżţʵʦֿˣ
ׯ⣬šһ½ԶѸתһԵıͷϡ
½ԶķӦׯ̿ѹؿڵĳҲɢࡣӴյ½Զߣ˳ӣôˣҿҾͿһ¡
У
ׯ˵ʲô½ԶȴˣڱԸ¶Դ
Ϳһ£ҶˣٿһҲʲôСţҿһ
ׯűӣ½ԶĿ֨ѣ齱ڵҡ֨졣½Զľסׯ壬͸˵øʲôƵȥľˡ
ľбڹõʱ½ԶƳ·һĨɫ˼һתͻȻĳ¡콫ľׯŪʦֿҲԣʦҪӦһ¡
£
ʦҪҿ
С
˿̻ׯ࣬һھܾ½ԶشչĥӲݣóȹǰȻʦ֣Ҷ㿴ʹһθҿòãҪٴһθ㿴
ׯЦһԴתͷֵ㰮ʹҲ
ʦ֡½ԶԲģյׯǰԴԴ·Сײһ㣬ѹϣ֫ùܵγˮʦһκòãʹһθҿò
ĥ˵Ĺׯʰ·硣ǿôãЦתͷ½Զһ£ϱǷģ˵ˣһΡ
½ԶϲصģׯҲࡣһ۴ߵȹսٴһθҿ
һ˵ţһԶֽ⿪½Զܵסƻ󣬹ԹԵºۻȹֻʮ½ԶҲ꣬ѾׯҪһأҲ޳οׯ½Զ׾پܽȦڻ
ǰ˱ŤشųƫСͻȻһ¡ͷѾʮǰģˡЩ˺£ע޿ɽ⡣ͬǿнʵȥֻķѵĽ֡
һжˡ
ׯȹɫȻˣѾˡ
½Զţׯȵ˯һԴؿڷ·𱻴ʯţԷ̫ƣׯ򿪷͸͸
½ԶԷȽƫƧȻʱͬס棬Ƿ뷨ֻż½Զҹ
뵽ʦׯٴαϸϸܵšصʦ𣬴ӵʦ𣬶ɽʦδܼһ棬Т
֪ʦںδûнڣջս˵ˣѱкΪ
ׯţΡǷ̫ˣԵ̫ˡֱʤЩ֮ԹΪβ˸
ģ޷ѣǱһ˶ΪΣúúõģѣӲд񣬱ܾһһǿԵĻ½Զָԡ
һ̰ġ
ͷ˼䣬ͻȻĽĲɻׯѭּ䣬ͻȻһӰǰ˵Сϣڼˣ
ǰ֮ˣׯϲЦô
Һʦһģ˵ħط壬ǷĲ¾͸跨һ棬ҼˡѾʮˣˡ
һ˼滹ׯɽ֮ʱɼ룬һѾʮһˡ
ʮһ꣬޵֮˶ԣָһӼ䡣ׯԣһյɽ˲䡣ׯԣʣµΪжٸʮһꡣ
²ɣÿһմׯߡķ̵֮ظܵʱʧÿʱĽʹСγԴǰ׾ܾʯдֶڷ
ŵҹûжô
ӵׯȵϢ˵붼δͳȥħˡȻſҹħɱ˲ò뿪Ӧׯʲô⣬δԼ뿪ֻǣǧʲô²źá
ׯ걻קȥ֣֮һ˿ݵĿɬҡҡͷӦûʲô㻹⼸㶼ģ
ѽҺ֮ʦһصɽͷͷڹءԳЦЦׯԼɫãϽĿڣҲǣҪ֪ʦˡǰڲɣûһġǻܱɡֻøɽһжһǸϽİġʦãźɣҿСӶͦģҲûһȥ
ׯ˵ͷ˰ã˲١ѯܲҶͻȻϤͷƤ顣
ֻϮ֣½Զǰ̸Ķˣеŭ䳰ȷط꣬ʦѵõĸ˰
ǻһֱֱ.ͷׯ˲䲻ãüͷ΢ɫ࣬½Զǣܺ
ֱȥʱȴһֻ§ǵ˵Ĺ죬½ԶʾȨһ㣬ȦڻСׯӲã·Լһֻȸ񣬴˿̱ţǻĳѡ
ׯ§֣Ȼһȴ½Զеŭֱǡ
䱻§ţǿаԴζʮǡͬŭׯŭ˫ƿ½Զ˽ĥԣΨܴϣںǰֻԸɸɾݣ˽̸
Ȼһ˿붼޷ȫׯ½Զǵ
һԵׯ˶ԴʮֲζȻƿ½Զׯ˵ءҲ֪ׯ½ԶĹϵ㡣ֻԶׯҪʱڳ֣˶ѡ
㲻ϲͬС˵߾ˣ
ׯСϡ½Զĺͫаƾʲôǵػʦ֣ƾʲôʦҪЦƾʲôİ˾裿
½Զ֮ʣׯݺҧ촽һζ˿ǻ׵ȼӿŭ
½Զһתׯѹڵϣްֱ˺˺һѼ⵶ׯļϡ
ſˣׯҧͷңǺ죬ϻѪȻ½Զ˿ΣյδʳҰޣ˫еĳͷƤ顣
ŵ˵˽£֡˿̵Σǳ..ۣһӽߡԹۣ
˫ͨ죬ѹõŭ˿һѷӿͷȻϡһɱ½Զ֮ʣׯ⿪绤ϡ
ŵľڣׯɫҰף˫ֱ·ˮ֮ˡߴϽ뿪û£ߣ߰
뿪֮ʣһᴩţаɨʱףˤڵϿ졣
ׯ״ͷһܹȥ쿴ƣȴƣ类޷½Զߣ°ͣЦʦҪˣʦֲ˵Զǻ𣿡
Զȴűѹ·ݻһ㡣ӵʱ򣬽ѹڵϣֻƬ̣Ѫ
ȥġׯ޷Ӳץ½Զĸ첲ϣһɥ֮Ȯ㰧󣺡㣬ҪʲôҶӦ
Ŷ½ԶؿſԼˣһĨζЦʦˣ֮⼸أ
䣬½Զһӣۺ˲ɢ֣ׯ֮һͣеѪҺֱͷֱ
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ڵϦˣٿԶһߵδɽᰣϻиˣˡ½ԶУѡ
˵ģһ˶ǡ
Ѵ⣬⸱ܹãεȴۣؾȫÿһˡ
ĬãׯҰȴʮּᶨˣһһ˳е
ׯǼᶨ½ԶŭȻƭģ˵Զֻһһƭÿһÿһ仰ͷϡԭÿһֶƭ
ƭôã
ʦ֣һ滰
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أׯͷһѪⱻϿҧ
ʱ⶷תҵҵϵͳ½ԶԼʹʱȴմմϲ
ׯͷԳؿЦһԭʲô֪ԼǰѾǳ..С˺αԼյΪöĺͱôѹ֣ѹ˺ԼӦõģӦˬ
СϡŽڵϣƴɣһս㲻ȥȥ
ʱܲʶָŶδʦ֣ͻȻǼɬҧȵʦͿѾûΪˣҲҪȣ飬ϽȥĺӣҪ£ûһȥ
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ҹһźơڿƮƶħ飬̰شˡѪҷɹ˻УƳգּ
߻谵ħɢǧɽȺ񾪷ɡɪ°ڣŨڿε
ׯվɽ£ѣ˿ͷ裬ݿֻǱ࣬ŲֺһϮʤѩҹɫΪۣٷ֮Ρɽ㣬˿г޵ׯ
ǰݣʣµ·̧ͷٿԶһϮӰڰС۷ɣڡ½ԶɽϣһֻŲ棬һֻգȻػε׸ɽĨӰһǹһĨЦҪʦΪֵزʦǲκ˶Ҫ
һׯŽµݣţ̤ϵС˲ᴩģѪʯʣȾ
ׯǰ죬촽ҲҧѪѾѪģ˿۵ģҲ۵ġ˫ֽȭָݽʱʼѪͷһʱѪӿǻӿ°űȾͨ죬ѩʢŵı˰֮Ѫ䣬۳ɺӡ
絶ɽ𺣣ׯݡǧףһһߵס
ѪȾһ·̣ܻ֮УԵøһѪɫٲڰա
ŴĿĵѪɫܲŭȵƽ˭ã˭㣿ıˣĹۺúÿˣǸͷˣǸѾǷ˵ˣʱʱ̿ƫ̻㡣費úú
һĨ˼ĺ鱻ͻȻȮƻ½Զ졣
죿ޣϼƫҪ˵Сӱ⣬һҪĹͷϣôһúÿһʲôİǣ㲻Ϊӣ㲻վߣʦϹۿôǵ˰˱ù⹷ˣ
ܲοڳԣ½ԶмһˡȻΨܲ˵ԼվʦߣȻŭ䣿˭䣿䣬ֻվʦߣֻ
򡣡½Զ䣬ҧأ³һ֡
һ̴Ӷܲȭߣ˲Ѫ
Ҷ迴ܲ򣬿޵϶ۡԼѱȴҲȶʦƤ֮ࡣͣظ½ԶͷԶ㣬ס֣ʦͷŹʦַŹЩ޹İգҪôҶԣס֣ͷͷ
ͷ䣡ӾҲҪһ𣡡
Ȯʵڷ꣬½ԶһֱһϢׯϡʱׯѾѪһϮ±Ⱦ˳̺졣Ѿûׯſ·ϣŵлǰУĿɺ졣½Զǧٿ׵عУҲˡӦɣǱӦ
ƴ˰һݣׯһվǶѪˮӿ
ͷɽϺϾˣׯֻǿ³һҡ֣غһڷ
ˤڵ֮ʣ½ԶӰѸȱһգʧںС


127 ʧɫ
谵Է, ͬϤѪˮһһ, ڴͷʩ롣һҪԹ½Զʱ, һ̧ͷϱ, ͷ, ŵߵĻҲ˵, ֱ嵽߿ʼˡ
ҽ˵Ҳ߰ʮ, ʲôѪĳûϵ˻Ѫģ, ʵľ
ׯ¶Ǳ˵Ѫ, йᴩġ, ⷭ, ѪһȪӿѪģ, ˭һ۶Ҫ³
ӼֱǾ˺εĥ, ܸģϵׯƾź־ųŵڡ
ʵׯӺ󱳶ʪ͸ˡδ˽Źׯ̫, Ҳûаա
ϻص, һһׯ˫ŵ˿ڣÿʩһ, ඼Ҫһ, Ҳҳ
ϵ۵üͷҧأ亹ֱһԵ½ԶϾ, ʱǣϸذׯ
Ӱ½Զһۣ︹̣ȥˣҪۣԼܣ
Ѿȼĸӷ˻ҽſｫ
һ뾡ջС½ԶһۣһŬ죬ʾȥ
½Զ߳󣬹ͳ½ԶϺݺһ£۵Ѩλ۵½Զһĺסڰա
Ҳ£Ƶզ˻ɱңɱҾûܾˡ
½Զһһӣɢ䣬Ҳ֪ۣղһ룬ҽ£Ϸ˿ڵģ˵Ҳһǧ롣һҸʩ˶ٻأ㲻ҿ˶ۣѵʯͷģ
½ԶĬδ̯ʮָǰ˻ΣȻʮ꣬һ¾ͶʮҿǰˣͨˣûΪҲûˡĿûв˵ˣûлı¡ҪˣǾˣزˣ㿴Űɣˡ
Ͽһˣĺɫ½Զվ⣬ơԣϵ£ȴмֵ޾µ
գׯŻۡϤ컨壬谵ĹߣĿ⾡ͷǸ֡
һжԭģ
ʦˡڴΪʩ룬˯ҹٲҾҪˡ
ׯͷ컨ٳδ˫ƺûκ֪
ʦԺ·;ߣǡǺúŰɡôʣѻ˵ֱ̫ס
κȴϵׯĬƬ̣ɤӣϢ΢˼ǣҵȷˡ
Ҳûôءӹ۲ɫСĽػش𣬡ġ
ȫûеһ仰Ƶġ
ˡׯûȥ룬Ϳػһ䡣
һĲɣ仯ֻȷ˶ѣʲôûоģɣѪһɺԵĺӵѪһ㣬ׯԴٴ˯ȥ
ʱĮɷϣʿŹ˼ԪǰСûоͷĺҹھʹҪġ
͹˼Ԫͨȴ뱱ҷʦȻŭధҲ˿棬ֱӷȥİ壬Դꡣ˼Ԫ˫ȣϹŽڻķضｫ˼
ֻҪû˾Ͳ£Ȼֵǣʦ˼ԪĽȴ޿ɽƹ𡣱ֽˣֻܻںҹһչᱻնһ̲ҽ
ʱʦֱ׳سǵĸҲ˼Ԫһ㣬Զù⡣
ģɱʦɱħ֣ðҹһжļƻڣһжԸԳڿù˼Ԫ󷽷󷽷ǣӵ
üˡ
Ϥʿ׵Ļ䣬̧ͷһȴǰ
ȷʵδˡʿ׿Ц
ʦǡϵĹ˼Ԫ˿תͷʿס
ҵĹˣҺҪ̸ԪȻȥҺ𣿡ʿ׻һԵŹ˼Ԫȥ
տĺɽֻʣˡֶ֪Ŀġ
ʿתϵİָͷЦһȷʵħô󶯾벻֪ѡҲδᣬֻ֪ʦ⴫ׯ֪顣
ХƮ㡣δʧС
ħɽͷ飬δҵᡣ½Զ֪ׯ֪ϢҲͼ֪̽ׯԺƵģһͱװ˯ȲҲ˵½Զֻ÷ֱѯʣʦּȻ˵Ǿʹֱҡ
ׯ˫Ų㣬½Զ㱧ɽϻơׯգǺ棬һģԱ۲Ը
½ԶҲգʦšͷڻһ£ȸԾ
˸䲻֪εأ½ԶͻȻͣ½Ųǰ֮һĨЦʦ֣㿴ʲôõطˡ
ׯۣǰ֮в.ϡѪҺӿԴҲ޷ƽҧأ˫½ԶͼĻ߹ȥ
ǰ֮ĹưܣӲݴδ˴
ſҡׯ߬½Զ½ͷֱĿĺݾ
½Զδ̹Ȼʦȥðұȥ
֮Ӧȴׯͷһҹҹദ½Զ˳˼ù½Զ˿̵ķӦʱ޿̲ׯΣա
ÿνǰҪ̽ţɨȸļ˵磬ĶҺ
δׯ꣬ѾߵĹǰׯڵؿͷҲƲסӿۿʹ޵ʦҴˣҲТܣҶԲɶԲˡҴˣҴˡ
Ҳû˼ȸʦһ㣬㶣ˡҲûϣȴʮº͵ػׯ
ʦӣȴһоܾӹΣȴĸΪܱӻ֪ʵпᣬʦҲֻߵغͽδѿڸʦԶǰ˶
ˣ̫ס̫ơԼʦ𶼾Ȳˣһ涼ûмֻһĴ˿̣ڷǰԼʹ
һ꣬Ȼ˷ǡ
·ֹͣׯյģƼˮƮûиûй鴦δȥô
ʱȴͻȻ˷ʯϡǰ½Զ䣬߿ɢΣźţׯͷƤ顣½ԶŨصŭ֪½ԶҪʲôǧǴ˿̣ܡ
ſׯͽ͵غǳ
ʦֺˣϲңڻˣ½ԶĿɨׯÿһ缡ʦ֣š
䣬˺Ӷ߻½Զׯ࣬˺ׯ˫ǰŭȵ
ҲһҪú۰ʦءڲźڣˡʦ֣ԶֻܰһңԶ
½Զĺŭһ˺ׯ˲ݺݵش½ԶץһԵʯͷԴϣʱѪ졣
ӣӣׯǺ죬ϵ˿ڼҵŤ˺ѿ˲䱻Ⱦ졣
½Զѹؾİ̼ķѣһԣׯͷһһںͫȼգǣǷˣҵʱҵʱϲʱҾͷˣ׷ˣ
ȫ˺飬½Զһӣʯʱڵϡ΢΢ׯ˸ʯĻеһһׯѪ⡣
ʼˣ½ԶĶǿӲͼ½Զǻط𣿻طȥҲҪҪôҶӦ㣬㲻Ҫǻȥȥ𣿡
У½ԶһΣҪʦǰҪⱲӶŶʦζؿ½ԶеҪԴӦһӦֻҪ¡
ȻеϺ棬½Զĥ顣ÿһεĿ󣬶ˮĭˮϣδһ˿ۼͻӦ
ˣʣһϣײڽ£ʦĹǰ
ׯ½ԶסֱµʯЦҪҾҪʦѵʦ𿴵ô𣿡
һʹׯ˫ۣۣһ
սǴִϢ磬ǰĶˣŭաڿׯ糺ݣеĶʼ塣Ȼǰȸǣÿ޵ڵ֮˿ۼһ¡
ȻȻջϡָǽڣȻȥ
ԭȪ֮һ½ԶĳҩȪһڣ˿ׯˮУ½Զڻ
Ѿ˵ˣ˵ʲôǴģ˵ʲôͽ͡˿½ԶŪѿҲãҲãѾûˡ
½ԶŻն޹ׯ°ǡͻȻһ
ԼһȺɵСѰ⴦Ȫ㻶ϲر衣
Ȫúܽ½Զ˼һת˫һׯתſڰߡһʹƺ޷ƵشӺܳׯſڱҪסߵ
½ԶҧĶʦ֣еôᱻġ˵ʦʵñ˿⸱ӣҧ᲻ɿӣ
ׯҧԼĸ첲˫۳š½ԶӦֱһĨ޵ЦҲŲҪñ˿أʦʲôӣҪҵӣֻܿʦֻܰңֻҪңֻҡ
ԼһֵڵǷŻ̸֣˿ͻȻϸ
ûŮ˵
ôû
ģϸŮڿޣ
Ϲ˵
֣ʦ𣿡һλʦתͷգһɻȻŮ֮һϲͨδкβԡ
ʱĬƬ̣ڵҸǰǰһֻħûҹŮ˵Ŀӡٳ䲻ȡľԪ˵ԽΪˣǻħԽϲ״ҲԽҡ
ļٵģɱǡ
ȻģҺôҲǲ֮ˣúܣƭʲô
ڵҡﲻ״ߴٵҿǸϽȥɣҿɲ뱻ץȥɾԪÿ״֣ɣǲˡ
£˷׷ץ𰶱ߵ·ֻʶӡžߵˣ̿ջЦݣǿȪһۣͷҲص뿪
ڰʮգ½ԶٳδҵᡣҲѰҴƱҪ֮ǰҵ
ֻׯǰԼܵϢ֪ģǾ½Զ֪θ
Ӧǣׯ˼û޷ãӦֻһơԷҲн磬ȥ˽ʯħҲûиҪˣ
˼Ǽ䣬ҩ˽ʦʩˡ
ׯ̧ͷһӦͷˡ
ǰ֮ˣͻȻ⣬ׯ̽Ϊܽ磿
ڸƣҽ˭㿴ҵⰡҿ˵ˣǸͷΪ㴫ϢðЩûпɽҰɡ
ˡׯͷŸ첲ϵ룬˼ܷ˵ǽˤȶˤˣҲδܼһ棬ʵڵġֻƤҩתҵĹļɡ
̧ͷӭĿ⣬һӦˡ
ҩȥԷֹţͼƤҩӦûʲô°ɣ֪ڻ᲻ַ衣
ô˵ģĸҩ־ϲ
Ӳ²͸ǵ˼һҩʲôϲģʦƣҸҩǧ˵ģ˵Լֵġַ裬ʱ
лˡ
ߺϲӣͳӦǣ룬׹һỽСϣ𣿡
ֻλ𳤼ӲӦǣյõʱûûҹׯġׯˣ˵ǹƤҩ˦˦ֻǺٺЦƤҩ
⵹˲֪
֪䣬ܲҶաɽᰵ˳ħ͵͵ĹǰڷʱŨˡ
½Զ§ׯЦʦְ֣Ըˡ
Ȼ䣬Ĺʯɣ˹ǰ̫ǰׯȥ˫ֽȭͷϸϸ
ͷۣ֣нл½Զָᶯֻ޺Ŀ̼䣬ն̫ϱ֡
ڿУŰ׹⡣ƽЮ½ԶУ׸˵ˡ
էŴԣׯͷ½Զ˵ˣˡ
Żˣ½Զϸüѵõؿݴȣ˵ãҷǡղɱҲա
˱½ԶɽŽֵİ壬ܲζӳ¡
Ҳزˣպׯˡ
صȸǣׯһձһݡ·ȥһ˰壬ӹŹǰһˡ
ڴϣݶĺͼ˶ٻ޷µߣѾȫȫһˡ
ʲôأʲôҲˡׯԳؿЦһ
ӹҩһׯͻȻоͷĿѣƤءһͻľЮ˫ۻϣ˯
ڴϵ˯ʱƿţŵؿߵׯԣͳһذס޳ʱа͸Ĵ࣬䵶аֻҪˣ˰̱Զ޷
úÿЩô翴ǰſŵӣжʻգˣʲôϡʱϿֳȻ֮ʱĻˡ
еɱǣлųΪħĸΪħ߹ħ塣ưϵĶ
ׯ̼ѪӣȾ½ͷ翴Ѫ˿ڣЦɭˡ
һռġ֣ׯϣѪڶʼзѿ
֪˯˶ãׯüͷԴоشʹȴϵɴһԵ½ԶԴصǸԲʦ֣Բûй˺㡣һҵõҩȬģԲ𡣡
ԼܲµǺˣׯӣתϢ΢ˡ
ʦ֡
ȥׯۣûκα仯ûзŭûԹޣǱģûκһ˿
ʦϢɣЩ㡣½ԶׯһۣתȥǸ硣
յ޵ڣĿӷ϶ѣׯָۣɴԾûб仯˭Ҳ֪ʲô


128 ʦ֮
ϵ, ׯھǰ, ܾκ˵İ, Լֲɴ
ԭϸļϣ˿м۵ĺ۽, һġֿ档ߵţ, ȡѪ
İľ, ׯ, ʱˣвкɣ԰ƽ׶˼ª˺ۡ, , ͷûһĺõطˡ
ҡͷԳؿЦһ, һԵ½Զƽ˺µģ, ﷢ţչֱỽʦ֡
ׯӿ, ͷҲصȥɡ
ʦ֡
һ˴ᡣ
½Զ˿̲Ҵ̼˺Լ, üͱһĻ, Ȼ¡ͷ뿪޵˽мƷߡ
ׯڰǰŮػ, ŵʰϵļ룬úЦһʱ嶯׵˽ԼˣҲҪ
һգ½Զ˳ӣǶׯ˰ׯü˳۵ģȴ÷̡֪ˣαص˾͸һǣεǸ´λǲԣˣһֱˡ
ׯ֪İϷˣȥƽϣ⡣ֻҪ漰ԼԼȥɡһ̾͹ȥ۵ֻԼһǲеңõĽ
ׯ´϶˰Ժ㲻īɢ˰ŴĵʤѩεֻͷԵһѿ˰̣ԼˣֻǵŵĹǣϾʮ绨Ѿͷ
⻽˼ϣׯµţȲҲ뷭½ԶҪʲôš½ԶҪʲôҲš
ѾûȥƽϺͿˣѹ˵֮֮⵽̹Ȼ޿κεЭ
ׯ˼䣬½ԶѾϴչһֻݵǰ˻ΣЦʦֿҵʲô
ɫСڿл죬һǺɫޡ
½ԶŲȥſׯűߣϵϣһ¡ׯҽţŽϵֹ˹
ⲻġ½Զ˫ֳ°ͣͷׯЦţҵѪģˣ˭ⲻ
ͷׯüͷ΢һֿķʽôúľһֻȸ
̧ͷǰ½Զǰϲģ˿δкβףΪ
ϲ˵ķʽôׯﷺһ˿ɬӺӿϿǻ
ÿÿ齲ʱׯԼĴϢ죬·ԼʲôжơȻȴûа취ѣûκ⣬û꣬ûϢڲϵ׹ûоͷ
õ½Զ֪ʹãҲһ֪ʿʹϿֻ֪һӵһĵߡ졣
½Զŷ츺ֶķϣɴ멣һѰȣȻ£Ŀƻ´½Զ
ǵڶμˣ½ԶҪͨԪ֮Ľ硣ȻӦˣȴҲҪҪħй
½ԶȻܾ˱ݱ˴˿̵Ľ֡
ţɴ޳˫ϣȶȣ½ԶıӰϷʵħ\ԷôҡӲˣѲǽݲؽм飿
šݲؽ֣½Զϡ棬Ǹ֣˻ζ
½ԶһЦЦȻû뵽ħ𣬻Ǹ֡
½ԶջطŵЦ⣬ָģ޹ء
Ȼйءߵ½Զǰֱϵɴ½ԶĲӣɴĥ½ԶĲһ⣬ħ𲻴ӦҪҲǰ취˶Σħϵķӡħ㱾ҹڴڼ䲻κϵΣ
½ԶĬδûдӦҲδܾ카ĲӣƳһվڽİȻ֪ħûиħ㻹Ƿһŵء
ţ½Զüͷ΢һԵͷ缦İ˵
ϥأҡΪعĻǱ\룬\챾ˣӦҪδòסû뵽ľǱ½Զ˵ǸƵҪ󣬾½Զһᶼȵ컹ѡ·࣬Ҳἰһʱˡ
ˡ¸Ϊһϵħų²ߣӦ˷Ҫ󡣡
½ԶüͷѹһԹ˰һۣŷԴӦ㣬ڣֻ;۵޹ط£롣
ͷЦһ΢أģȻħ±㲻ɡ
䣬ɴͷ½ԶĲ们첲ϸüһ½Զһģд˲мһ޿κεץסɴһˣڷȥͥ
һԹڵϵİ亹ڵϣΡΡ߶µӲöǰĺһﰵţҺãҺá
½Զ;صڣаڼѰʱͬڵϡ
׵ŮΣƤ񻹹ҹ칬ĳǽϣһ겻¡ϵмֵλֻҪһ㣬ϵȫΪūȻûбΪūĸϵԼĸϵȫΡֻֻʣţΪмѣջأֻҲͷˡ
ŵı·ħУʧ˵λ޷밵⣬Ź֣˵ʹ˿ءħ磬ǰƣ£ºֵܿƤڳǽˡ
еı޷һӤ⣬ħ½ԶҪֻ·һӲдֻԺնҪɫ£вȫʬ
ֱıǺãа鷿ȥｹҡͻȻƳǰľĸͬ˵𰵾ͻȻһɹڰɣҲħ硣ʵɲ⣬˭Ҳϸֻز¶δ˷֡
·аľƣӡ
պ󣬰ӵϢаħ壬൱ħķ֮һıҹߣȥ˰
½ԶԺֻĵһ裬һӣѪʱʧСбܽΪ塣
Ӱܲʱʱ̹̿ŰħĽׯò٣ֻܸżܲˤӣָſеħƿڴ½Զѻħ
ҹò׻ǰҵѻħܲҶ贲ߣֹѻħҹϮ
ڴͷ絷˯ܲҶʦ֣ʦ֣
ţģģģܲϽ۾δȫܺһŽأѻϽ
Ҷ費Цӣԣ˵˯ɣܡ
ˣҡͦõģͦõġŻڵܲҶϴ˯ʱǵͨ죬ɬԴ
ɣҿۡûµģңû֪Ҳû˵л
ܲĥƬ̣ջǹԹԵϴҶߡ˿ñڵӲһʯͷɰͰ͵رֱҶҷһɵ㡣
ܲỽһ
ҶԺءšһ
Ǹ㻹ϲ𣿡
ͻȻֻüǳǳĺܲ컨壬⽥ӿԹ˵֪ϲⲻһֱڵһʼأ֪ħӦòϲ˰ɣ㻹ϲҾٵȵȡʦֺˣܸ÷˰ɣ㻹ϲٵȡ㻹ϲˣҾ͵ŰɣŵҲ͵ϰˡϲϲɣҵžˡ
˵˵ţһܲƣس˯Ҷǰʦ֣γ֪ʦֶԼãγ֪һֱǶʦֻ
ǰŲŲҶ谤ܲļͷСػӦʦ֣Ҳ̫õģŬˡ
ӾػԺ½ԶҪʼŵˡûɱҲ
ڹһ㣬½Զգٳٲ¶档
գħץס˳ַ֮ɽϡ˿ڶѪò٣˵˿ڲͣѪϢ٣һʬ
½Զһʱûг֡һߵĳ֮ʦͷڹԼʦöҪˣҲ֪ȥˡ
֮һ½Զޣǣбҷҵ
ҡ½ԶɽϣŽдеɽͷеػյȡͻȻѪּ֣Ѱû¶棬ΪǿյһʧںС
½ԶǰŸߣһͷףɱѲߵħ̹Ȼ֮
ܵħһӵϣн棬ȼҫ⽣ӰѾ졣
ǰս֣֮󺰵ʦ㱿ˣʲôΪʲôҪһȥʦ
˿ڣ֮Ѿ˲ϾҵĴʹ˻ߵغҪԼϽȥ
磬ɨΧ˵ħϳ֮ϵӣԪɱΧֻڲðѪ˿ڡ
ս鷢һУʱʧʡ
ʦ֣Һܳ󣬱ҡ֮ϵѪȾ󾢵
ˣᶨʦÿַһˣ˭˵󣬸
֮ΪЦſϡڶαţôůôġ
ǵãһαǼɽʱʱ꣬ĸѾˣļ̸ֺУƣʱƷ裬ùӶ꣬һҹﱻ̸ۣ˺ַ˵ĥһꡣ̸ֱץԴײǽ·ȣڽͷ
Ŀ־ԹޣΨ鲻Խʱ̸ͻȻߣ»м̸
ԶߣֻҪðġ
һαϣ
ڶαҲһΣϣ
ʦ֣ΪʲôҪ㲻֪ôôôˣôôʦ֣
ָֻЦЦҾôʦѣʦֵĲȥȣ𣿡
ʦ֮֡һ΢ػ
ţ
ֹסĲӣ³һ仰±ӡҡá𡪡
δأֱͻȻȥץס֮֡鱯ؼһ֣á
¾ʯħׯУþ޷ƽ½Զϲϲȴŭʵʦôˣ˭㲻ˣ
ׯ̧ͷɱ˳֮ɱӦҷǣΪΡ
½Զׯ棬һʦֽеÿȣʦ񶼲Сˣȴߡ
ߵׯߣסͷֱԼʦֿϲǸ
ſׯ˦½Զ֣ƿԵˣͼ뿪ߡȻڲʱ½Զס͵
ʦˣΪǸҵˣʦ֣òƽֻһˣȴôˡ
Ҳׯٴ뿪ȴ½Զס
ʦֲҾˣʦ֣ɲˡ㲻뿴ңҾɱⰵ֮ˡ㲻ңҾͽ֮һһץǰֽȫɱ⡣ҪԶֻһԶֻһʦ֣ҲϲˣҲ
½Զ͵ׯ˺ۣ۵ÿҪѿ
Ҫ㿴ȥһҪڳʬɽϣҪۿԼʦħҧʦֻ֣ţϵһһ㺦ǣɱǡȫΪ㣡
ϵʹ½ԶĻׯŭգ˫ץסǰ½󣬺ӣɱô˻𣡡
Ҫȫɱ⣬ǷӣǶħΪ㣡
ûСţûİˣҲû㣬Ҳƫ㣬Ҹþ㡣ҲãħҲãʯ׳ҲãҾӦҴˣҴشҾӦһȥ
δ˵꣬½ԶȻһ䡣ׯ˱ײĹӣǰʱѪͷĿѣ
ŵĳ̼䰲ׯڵϣŶͷðǣãȻؿŵ棬ԴһƬհס
½ԶϽߣԴޱصǸԲԲʦ֣ԲҲǹģҲǡ̫Ҳô㣬ԲԲҰɣݺݴңʦ֡Ҫ˵𣿶Բ𡭡
ׯ˿ڣѪģߣ˫ۿնؿŵ棬ĬãͻȻЦ
ׯ΢ƺѾƣ˾ֲĻֺα
ʦֶԲĶԲҴˣҺòãҡ½Զׯ
ׯһֱŵ棬ʮƣᣬ·þտЦ˵ϲҵ㣬ôѹҲ㡣
ƿ½Զׯĵ򴲱ߣͷϵѪδδڵϡвҡҡλεطǣ΢ֻһģ㡣ǾöģӵҲáǾԹޣҲգ۵ң޸ɡ
ʦ֡½Զסĸ첲
ׯþȫ˦ȥɣһ·
½Զׯһۣͷɥ뿪
ׯͷѪڲͣӿǰֹ̱ͦסˣΪζҲáأԵҩһαһζ࣬棬ߵͷô
սƣؿЦһˣж񱨣㣬仰һء


129 Ѫϰ
, ׯŮһֱȱ֮ж, ½Զæµ, չʵڲС
գһʮһСѾͷŲյ, ͷŵؽ޵ӵߵߣ˯ѵׯ
, İĹ, ׯʵ˭
ع, ̹ӡСѾͷͷΡΡػش
£ȥɡ
ϵ˲Ǵô£СѾͷ񾭶ʱ˲, һ
ô𣿡ׯСѾͷĵ̾, תͷ, ֺЦ
ǲ, ûеġСѾͷׯ£Ͻڰ֣Ҵġ
ׯ, ˫Ȳ£ҷذ£ͷСѾͷ, Цʣǣ˵ģ
СѾͷ, պһյ裬㬻ص˵סһλֶرܳ˵ġǳ, Ȼ磬Ҳˣת
ۡׯǺԣһ߿һЦ²£
СѾͷæͣׯ󱳣һʼеµģһ㡣ǼҾͲˡ
ΪΣ
СѾͷׯ࣬󱳣ȣҾʵ˵ˣɲһ;رУ˵ܳ˵ҲҵĴ磬ǲðˣԲҴرãʲô¶˳ҡҲϲҴ磬ڼʱҾͻȻ뵽Ҵ硣
ǰĹׯһңԶӰͬĴᣬʵʲô֣
С㡣
ͷͻȻһ£ׯ˶٣ЦԺͽСɣΣ
ҪС죬ٶһ𣬿ʮ
ǾСҽС
ѽѽϲСŲͷׯͷ˫Ѿ٣ɫķϵɺᣬ߸һ
ǡҿɲԻ簡
ׯһڲ裬ЦŶ
ĲյׯӺ㿿ŴƳһԵĹ٣̧첲һ¡
֮ƹߣڻصСȶׯ͹գգۣʵᵯ𣿡
Զ
絯١
ׯתͷͻȻ£ֱӽٰΣʵʲô
絯Ҷ
ׯЦһƬ̡һƽɳ㣬Ȫϸת
ͬĸûʣű¡ϯ֮磬ּϯضضԡͭ¯̴ƱǼ⡣ʮ֣뵣仪ǶׯϲƫֻǽߣıЩ
ǰ֮ˣ𪣬Ҳ࿴ͦؾûǵª˰̡ҪСһʲôô˰ɡ
ÿҲÿᵯ١ҺĽѽұģʲôᡣС˫ֳ°ͣͷǰ˸硣
ׯܽסǵЦ⣬뵯ҽѽ
ððСϲصشյׯߣ˫ϲ£Ȼѧӽִϡ
ַֻ⡣
ׯְֽЦüģԼҲ˲١ȻׯλʦСѧᣬЩҿܳû֣Сһ˫ֱֻԼԴʱǵׯƵƵЦ
ׯЦСԼҲЦˡԭ׵ڣ˿̻صŻЦ
ְľͻȻ½ԶׯʦкοҲ˵ҿĿġ
ЦȻֹСȦׯСִϡ½ԶׯæɿСϵЦ˲ʧ˻ʧˮϣתһ˿Ǻͺ¡
ڲϣСУׯߴٵˣȥɣһʱ
СӹУ˿ׯ̧ͷ˿½Զ½Զ䣬üмŭͷƤ飬ͷǡ·½ԶʱǷϥϡֻʵߡ
½ԶջĿ⣬ߵׯ£Ȧڻף˵ʦôˣҲ
ʲôûзŵ£ׯܵػֻѵͷ
ʦַŵʲôҾʲô
ׯ䣬˫ִָϣزٵࡣȻԶûзŵɣֻзơ
ʦַŲģôʦ־Ͳ鲻Ըˡʦ֣ƫġǲǲϲˣΪʲôֽܱ٣Ը
ˡׯϾݣͣ¶뿪
Ȼδվȣ㱻½ԶһסקײʵʵȦšδӦ½Զסĸ첲ѹ£˫ֱѹͷ
ˣʦֹңֻʦֲǹģСˣҵһСʦ֣ô֪СţС⣬С⸱Ƥҹ˶ѽ
ׯ˫۲ҧزۣ裬ָĦԼաϾҲãǴֲڳªҲáѾֹͣ˿ֻϢصѪѡ
˫۳˵ڣһʹÿһ˱ҪҧֱѪſɿڡ·ֻӿİŻ޷ĥĺۼԶš
űߵİΪҵͻζ߷¯͹ˤڵϣҽһأҲ
֪˶ãҽѾû¡ׯۣۡ½ԶϳӣһȥϴͻȻƳһĨɺ죬ʦ֣Ѫ
ׯͷ±ȾĵطֻͷĿѣ½ԶץһԵϣ˵ͷ
ȥׯץסǺ죬գҲ
ԭΪׯֱŤǼͷӶ쵽ӣ½Զ˼չ§ףЦûµģͷʲôûʦ㲻һһֱѪô죿Ϳһºòã

ҪñӸס㣬ֻ׼ҲβȻҾԼˣʦ֪ô𣿡
ׯ½ԶȦڻú˳
ûлش½ԶĬӦһѪӴɹ
Ƭ̺󣬹ӱѪץڵϡ
ӴӴвУӴӵԴ̧ͷ½ԶñӸǵʵʵׯǡأ
ʦѪˣ
ѪЩû٣ҩ䣬ɽߵǰ
İôʵҪòµģ
½ԶСƿׯıӣֻ¶Ǹطׯϣһޱ²һԴ½ԶܵγѪ
ͷ˿ˣ½ԶЦЦһ»˵ķ䡣ׯ̧ͷһۣеԹֱ½Զ˿̲ûΣΪƵģׯһڡׯֵͷһܡСһ㣬½Զͷׯ£ֻš
ׯʵ̲ˣüһۣʵʵţһ˿϶½ԶСӶΪЦˣ˫ֽŻˣ°͵ͷʵϲϲòˡ
ΣŻ񣬴˿̿˲任һµ顣
ɫ࣬ؿѪֹѿڣһѪϰ
ʲô˼½Զһüа
˼Ҳ˵屻ϵĿûвټϴССˡϵġжġݵģܻվͲˡѪϰ˳ѪˣҲȲˣֻȥˡ
Ӵҩӳһƿҩķĩׯϡ½ԶһŭĿӵ
СӣҵĴ׶ԡҿεĲ㣬ҪҿһҩҳԴ׵ë
½Զͷ˿ڣҩۡׯ۵õһ˫ֽ߬½Զǰ½½ԶһţһĨҩ
ˣÿΣƿͲˡǸסˣڲз£׼ײİɡҩ뿪ƵǧǵãѪˣһС˿ڶС
֪ˣϽ߰ɡ½Զͷһ䣬˲ʧںС
ĨҩԺ½Զǿӣׯǰɢ˫ֻǰС˵ľˣͷ֯½ԶչȥסׯĴ꣬˱֮ɿͷϹ˵ģǲǧ꣬϶ܻ֡
һ½Զֻ§ׯףʵ̲ס졣һβʮ̵ùǺξȻҪ¡Ź죬ֻԻޣٲȻҪĥʳصС¹
½Զǽ޷ģׯȤɣû취ԼȻǼ¡
չ̸½ԶһҪ˰ٻûӡӹӻУǰҪֽšĥ˵жһϸһЩǩȻͲѪˡ
ȡׯŲ豻ӵĻǺһԣСϽ󱳰˳
ʦ˵ⷨôӽջҩ䣬ӹСĲյ
ֻùǺ
ֻԶԶһۣͲ֪ϧӽһЦǺǵСٵһ
ׯŲյĲҶЦЦ
˭ܵˣҲӺ񡣻ңһӶӡ̫ŲǶ飬Ҳڹ߻Ϊ
̸顱֣ׯȻ˼֣ǵЦ⽥̣ƵĽµĲһ
ҿҵķˣգͺＱＱģǴ﷢èһҲ֪֪Լ⸱ΪʲôǺζ
кζׯҡͷЦҪţˣܿıǣûطĻֻ¶Ҫϡ
ϵĸ˵ҵʱӦۣ̫ˣӦ˵ꡣһӣҲຣˡ
ׯԵ㣬Ҳһ飬ݸСһ顣࣬Ц̿ء
ߡӻ˻ʣһĸ㣬һҭҪΪ±ˣҸұ֤ǰǿʹ飬һ߿һߺšҲҲҪʦִϣ
ټһŰ˫ǰһ޶յˡׯСֵʱЦЦüͷڲ
NһЦˡҸȥѧһϷ
ׯãҲѧƤӲˣصһĹ˶ŶգһҲ̨Ӱ
ӽĸϵĲҩ䣬࣬糤һ㣬֣صܿʲô⣬ЦЦЦҲáúţЩٵǣҵÿվ
ͻȻյģ·̻ȼĿ飬ׯջǵЦ⣬һ飬ˡ
ˣúЪţû±߶
ߣҪѽС͹ӻţ󺰵
صׯŴǰ֣˿ѰŵĻֻ޾įƣһյݾ˵Ĳ裬ҲûǹɴҷֻĿɬ
С⸱ӣǱһ¡ߵׯ߶£شȣͷʵ磬Ϊʲôһֱ˰ϵ㲻Ҫˣ˲֪ҿóʵǺϲġ
ׯͷԵСѾͷ۵ϻʱɬ˿գۡСԴ㻹Сܶ飬ֻϲܽġ
ǡСӣ˼⣬֪ϲҲǡ족ЩҲŮ˼ѧһʴʽСϲΪϲؼ£Ϊϲܳ˷ˣն
˼Ƭ̣С˵ϲܱȲϲǿ
Ů֪ǼңΪϲʤһУֻҪĴϲܻΪ档
ҲôΪġׯǰƺ֣Ŀ䣬·͸һңԶģ˺µԽɽ˺ͽɽԽ룬þ˻һƣ룬ֻʣ赭дһ䣬Һ֮䣬˺ܶĶ
ϲҲ𣿡
ƬƬһϡī裬ׯ촽ͷЯһҰӴӹɢϢ
·˵ˣַ·û˵


130 ħ
ɵõϢ, ½ԶҪͨԪ֮밵Ľ, ʱа֡ɵļλ𳤰ʮʮҹҵԪ֮ؼء
ʦе֪, Ҫƻ½ԶļƻֻѪ̷硣
ǰ, Ϊִɽӹ̷ӡ֮硣ղԸ, Ϊսա
, ںɽʯͷ, Σüͷ΢˼ͻȻܳһλСʦܣǸʵʦ㻹ûͳȥ
˼Ȼ, վûһ, Եʦ, ˭˵Ҫˣ
֧β͸𣿡ʦָָΡ
յ˲Ǻ, ģ±ץеС֧֧ҡҺʱ˵Ҫ͸ˣ
˭ܲ͸ʦܵİɣ
ҡҾúÿԼƲ𣿡
, û˵СֻǴʦҴŲ˵Ҳ֪ɲЩ˼ͨ͸Сʦǣǲѻ˵, 򲻻²ġ
ҡ˵˵ʲôѽ˵, ֪Щʲô˵
㲻˵治˵ʦ㲻˵˵ŶׯɲֻдʦǸ˼, ҷƼʦҲʲôȥˡ
棿ʦȥˣ
ǧȷ
δСʦ˵꣬ձɫҴҵɽԷȥȻﻹδ˵ʲôô˵һ̧ͷ㵽ſڣֻԼűӿ졣
վ㵸ʱҪ˵ĻͻȻŴ󿪣ɽϢ̧߳۱վſצ
ңɽüͷ΢ɻؿ
£׼õĻͻȻͿں䣬ôҲ˵ڣҪȥ
ȥš
ʦ㲻ǻ̽磿
ɽδ
УҲȥշŻ˿һҪȥʦɫ䡣
ұˣɽܣֻΪܼ֮¡
ˡպγ֪ѾԼȥֻһԸδˡ
㲻ȥˣѾʦ˵ˣҵ̷磬͵İɡ
ɽüͷ˵棬ִ壬ɽ硣ֻħҵΣɽǡ
˶ִ֣ͬղԸִͷһΣŤ˵ұܣһ仰Ȼ㡣
ͻȻΣɽɻʵ£
յʱˣΪ˵ٸ㡣
ʱβɽϣ½Զ£ɽ֮ϡ멷ɣںҫԡһƬãã죬죬ŭš
½Զ׸Ӻ룬̧ӡӲָ⡣ѪɫຣСͻȻһɱȻ£ɱк
״Ѹƣ½ԶֶǰˣǹһĨЦͻȻɱն½ԶɱС
ɽֳ˫沢нɱ˿½Զ֮½Զûˣд˶ˡֻ࣬ӭֱƣ½Զһɽͷ
»δվȣͳǰͭɳۣɱ½ԶħУ峤ա
½ԶսüаŨأͷĺۣһָ̧֣΢΢һӺӭɱнɨķ
ɽᰵʱħףս˲ƣݡ˻δվȣнϯޱаٶɱա
ۼΣͻȻһɱ߽нơʯ䣬нתٵᴩš
·ֹͣˣտǰɽᰱн͸ѪգԼҲһ𱻴̴һ㣬˲ϵ˿ڣܲسȥץסɽᰣ󺰵Сᰣ
սһߣյĺתͷȥĿֻһĨɫӰѪ
½ԶһǣЦһһнֱӴദħǧɣһϢˡ
ָֻڷֺȻȴԶشˡָˣҲûץɽᰵ˫ۻϣӺ㣬¶¡ɢ˵ϢţеĽѵһڵϡ
ħϡ
ʱȸڣׯڽСִд֡СīˮȾһֻСè̿شչȥ
ͻȻ򿪣һȻӰµʵʵʯħׯ࣬Դ֪˵֧֧ʦ֣Ǹˡ
žһ̨ӰˤһϣζǻׯͷĿѣ˫ȷʱ³һѪڵϣСʯħ
ߵĺСˮ֮˽ˮʧһ㣬ˡׯǰڣӺ˹ȥ
֪˼գʯħĻڶ߻صٳٲԸţģŻѪûκ
ֻڽ˭ûûκι⣬ûֻ꣬Լڲϵ׹·޾Ԩ
ׯϥڽԼ֪˶ã˫ѾľˣҲ˻һơ
ֱűƿһϣεۡ½Զߣ˫ָĦ飬ʵ˵ʦֽһ춼ûԣ
ׯšţͷӭĿ⣬ƽûκϢ֮Ҳ
Բ£ô½ԶǹĵЦׯδӦȴ˿ա˻ĥôã֪ӦʦֵĲǣ֪ͱʹ˽Լ۵˿ڳ..ؽ˴ˣٰ裬Ҳ˿ڣ󲻹۵ԼѣԷ޹ء
չʦʳ˭磿ˣϳȥҹС
仰ׯ˫˷ӦץԵ꣬˫ֲͣزлҵ˵ҳԣھͳԡ
˸ɰͰ͵׷ׯδʳ˿̱ǺͣؿԡӲδķȥҭֱ϶ҡҳˣǡס֡
½Զׯü۴Ц˫ֱۣ˿ΪˣѾˡ
˫ͻȻһˤڵϣɲׯ͵ؿ½Զ۽ǻۡ
½ԶµׯߵķȻʦôˣǲҪι
˵ŶϵķˣһƬҶݵׯߣѧŴ˺Сģ˵ʦ졣
ׯᣬȻ߻δȣ°㱻½Զסͷֱӣ˱ǿӲκη
ó𣿡½ԶЦЦʮֵ⣬ʮá·˿ׯеǶ֮ĳȤһУĻŭš
һڣʦϲ
ٴαׯ˫ִڵϣﱻ½Զסͷɢնľżһľؾ׽ʣһж½Զϲãһ˱̳½Զϲģľżģ
ûκľżΌܣ˼½ԶֻҪʱ򡢸˵ʱκʱسİͺáľżϲľظԶ㡱Ϳˡ
ׯ˳ӵģ½ԶãָǵգµʦԺҪúóԷҪҵˡȻĻԺʦһͲԾͻһͲԾһˣö尡
Ѫɹ½ԶƳһۣ꣬ׯգᣬʦֹԹԳԷһ£㡣
ׯĴ뿪
ٶ谵ׯȻŹڵصƣûκϢֻ֮Ǹзȫһ𣬷µʳ˿ȫ˳
»δ½Զֻܱׯ˾һײһ䣬ʲôˡׯԱţ۲Ը԰Ūȡ
½Զͷׯ˱ҧ̧ͷԴѹԴѹϣµЦʦ֣ôֲˣҰ㣬ҲңԶһ͹ˡҪˣҪȥˣԶߺòãҰ㣬İ㣬ҲһֱҵĶԲԣ
ׯ۾ĬãͻȻƿϵˡץŴسӣ½Զ棬ǰңԶܵˣȻЦСţҽ£ҽϲҽץҪĶǣûн㡭
ĵŵԶ½ԶߣĸΪԼӺɷкϲ̸֣Լİˡ
ȻȴҪһ¡
ׯ翵ɽ£紺Цֻʣƣ룬΢ûн㣬ǻʧġ
·ˮϵĭ˶ã÷·ʱ䶼ˡ˽ǰһ־ץġΪ֮ȴ·ǧɼ
½ԶͻȻ˹ȥ§סׯִִֵģ˵ԶϲҵģôమԶһ𣬵ǶҲһģʧʲôʧҲҲᣡ
ׯյ÷ۡʵȥƽˣš
½Զסˣʧ߹ִૣϲ㣬ʧġ
ѾûκȥִЩʲôׯ˫ִڱϣδرס½Զ
ʱֻҹܼׯ֪½ԶæʲôҲ֪ͲŻѹ̧ͷԴ·Ҫըһ㡣
ͻȻǰһӰߴ졣ׯתͷȥϲЦ


131 ää
ŶڴЦĹ, ׯ·һ㡣ŵڵһ, ƺһˮ˸ɺԵĺӵ
´, ͻȻ뵽ԼģĨȼĹ˲, ϳª˰̣ͷСʵôˣ
Ӵ, ϵķ߱˵Ǵͷ˵鲻, 
ߵׯ, £ɢĳ÷˰Դ, ͷ, ˡ
ǰ˵Ŀׯ, ȴһиϡǴǰģ, ֱԼ˿̵һŵһֱƫͷҪ˰̲صʵʵ
ҪҡȻڶʲô, ڹ˼ʲôׯ߬ҪеĲ־ȫ, ʲôʱ򶼲Ҫҡ
ȵ¶ƺ԰ׯ, Ĭ֮ڵͷӦ
ǿŵڰأЦҿҶþûչ, ȥɹɹ̫
ҡׯͷ˿˫ţ߲ˡ
򵥡˵գֱׯһգ۵Ĺ˾ϡ
ׯתͷֵˡ
ʲôʱûԱӵ˿кβףԼĵҲġӢ¼ΪСˣ¹
ǰһƤģׯЦﵴŲ㲨ơ
ûб䡣ׯңǶûб䣬Һá
ԿׯһĿһֱϡˣǰˣһۼׯʱ𣬾עˡ
ǵǵһ𣿡ׯᡣ
ȻǵáׯƺǰζȥмԹʱҵĽ롣
Ťһ£񼴱ʱ⾹ĿЦһׯȻ·ϡЦɢһ˵ǲҵһμ㡣
ׯɻؿ
еĳۻһɳۣӺ㿿ɣׯһĻĻͷ͸ǰ֮Ѱģ
ҵһμ㣬ɽʱ򡣡ᶨһ㽫ԼĹʵ׸ǰˣʱɽʦտ塣ʱ𳤵һʦ𷣾ͶˮҲʱҿɽʱ㣬һΪ𳤴ĹСӣʱ㣬޵֮ˣȫһĸү
ҲûϣֻһСүѡٺҶ߿ʼͣСᡮʦ֡ҵʱΪȻšʦ֡ж˲𣬲ǴùЩֱټ㡭
˵ģҵһĵ֪ˣʲôСǰһСүˣվǰһλ꣬˵ţ˵Ҳľ޴룬Ҳ֪ʲôܱ˳ȳڣЩСѾͷԣˡ
һƳ֮⣬һġһꡣ
λ˾Ͳ˵ˣɽЩն߶ʦӢʦᡯʦѡ֮ǰǲϵģˡѹǶôϲ㣬Ҳ
һ밡ɲ𳤵·ΪһСŰ塣Ҿ㣬Ľ룬ȻˡʱҾˣʲô񡯣ԭǳŵģﻹһը̣뻹ͦ˼ġ
յС˼ϸ紺ŨưˡǵЦһˮᣬߢʢķҷãͷǵ㺣˿ֻȫȫеطļ֮ˡ
Ŀ룬ׯᶨңᣬҼģȻһµģЦҲޡǶ˵ᣬ˵ͣСϣڳǿ𣿡
·һֱ˼˿һ㣬ׯͷĬ˶Լϵߣׯ΢΢̧ۣӭ󣬻ҵصͷޱߵɢͼסĿ⣬ҲסԼ¶еĳª˰̡
ģׯͷ֪ǰգһеһУǴ˿
ׯҵ飬мԱ˰̣ӿһĪŭһؼȻô覡Ϊ겻ݡǱ
üͷ΢䣬ưաֻܷǵˣȴһ˲֪ộ廹Ǿ񣬶̣ǧٿסβۣβ
շ¡ΡɽׯСѾͷʱʱׯĸׯԱЩǳ˶٣ŻСǵ˰˺úðϸϹ𣿿϶ûУǸ֮ˣ˰̵ףĵظο˿
ŭͷӿϺ䣬һ˿ɬ죬γϡǹɻɬŨأûһ˿̡
ͷٿׯԵ࣬һ顣ʹ䣬ͻȻ˽ץסתͷֻƽӣ֮ľգۼֻзֺ
ۼҪգׯ͵ֵǰͼԼĿ롣
ﷳưգҲЩȻҷűʱ֪Ѫ飬ӾȫˡϴСС͹˰̣Ҿ֪㲻ңЩ꣬Ĺú𣿡
֪λشׯƫͷĬȻѾˡ
ץļ˵ľֻзֺ뱧뻳ĳ嶯ưСϣ֪ҵ⡣ǰˣȻҲķֺҴߣ뿪һɽˮôʵڲԸ㡭ǲңҲֻҪܹúãҡҡ
һֱص˼һ˵ֻԼ׾࣬ĥ˵Ĺ˿̾ȻʧӰ١δûΣֻⲻתҲ
ׯҼᶨһܺõˣǰ̫ҲԸ⣬ҲΪίԼκҶԸҵĽ־ֻӲˣȥģǧټơֶεҵҡҽˣҲɱ˱ҲԸκˣ㡣
˵࣬ׯͷЦЦٴο˼̹Ȼ֪ҵӣ϶˾Ͳͷ
еƵĳĬ·ȼ˻һ㣬ׯмί±أ±ӿ𣿡
ǰλӺɷСӰѯ±ӣׯЦЦ±ѽ±ӡҵңҾ͸ˡ
ίСõ˴˵Ľһ㣬ΪЦ¿ɣͷͷдУ̾Ͻ±Ӱھȥκűߵ㡣
һԼׯҲЦ
ĺپõ鶼оͷׯһԵıӸϣȷϲȥ֮󷽲
վڴ߿ׯδйŨҵĲᡣſ˫ֶЦһ°ɣ֮ġ
ׯͷӭĿ⣬ͬЦЦֻرסߴеૣⱲȫĵ˵ء
ţءׯͬĻ
ӰѾʧûκټׯĿȻƬѾԭΪģδ룬⾹һˡ
Զ޽ɽ²ת˷ǡˮʮվǹˡ
ɽ֮Ԫ֮Ľĥ½Զ밵ӤǿдͨԪ밵Ȼнӡӳ֣ͭǽڰԺֺ˿ħǿ֣ҲƻʮѡʿԣԪ֮Ľа㡣
ǿδ½ԶȥӤԵ
ħҹʱȸȴǰããһƬ
ѾǶˣȸѩǽĵһѩǶׯľɼٴηȴûκؿ԰С͸ӣֻһʱز
˿ڴУ֪˶ã졣·һẒ̇ϵѾʪ͸Ҳմʪһ顣
ûΪʩ룬Ȼû߻ħΣգ˿ֻƽֻ֮±ȲӻĲĥϵɽ»𺣡
߬űӣָⷢףɫҰ촽ѡﲻͣš㡱ͷűߵĻһһظѪϣ絶ա
˭Ⱦ˭ׯüͷʹ࣬ҪץĹ⣬ץܾʹˣʼСš
СšСš
ڻ谵ĵڻصȻȴûһӦĺ·ǵˮΣϢš
Եڣ½ԶαһֳֻľΣһֻϵù\µ˹к⣿
Ӥ飬½ԶֻͷƣתͷƳѪʯħ̸һ󲻹ȥҳԵġ
Ѫ˵ŮӤĳóԣʯħ˵ԹûʦֵһֺóԡŴȸǹ飬·϶ǻѩЩˤ˸ࡣ
Ŵ˽½ԶЦһʯħĴЦ⻹δɢͻȻ˼һת½Զأ˵ʲôȸѩˣĳѩˣ
ʦ֣
½ԶͻȻһõڵĶħתͷȻûӰֻлδȫɢĺ
ʦ֣½ԶڣϻԵׯɫҰ׻ǺԲʦ֣û⣬ҲáסҸʩ롣
ù룬½ԶСĽׯϵѨλ۵ƺһ½Զ޽ǣĵذϾͺˣʦֹԣһ̣Ͳˡ
·˶ߵׯʶģû½Զ˵ʲôеȴлŵȻãڴбáųͷ­ǧٴιűߣǲǸ
˺ܾãõںҲκζǸ˻û
˶΢ķһ쫷ͻȻ˷Ĵػ
˵ૣ½ԶʩͻȻסŻǵʱһɱͷׯʦڻ˭
ׯûĻҲûκ˭ڻȥеʶǳ쫷
˵ԻӦ½ԶеŭﲻܿصûׯļͷʼѪѾʡµڳܲʹҧ촽ʹʣ۽Ƴ˼ᡣ
ֻƺȻûлӦ½Զһӵ룬ׯѹڴϣһסѹԴԣס°ࡣü𺣬絶Ҫ˻˺ҧ̳븹㷽ڽ˭˵ڽ˭
˫ֲܿƵׯʱ˺ۣҲࡣƺû˻ӦƺʼȣԱͻȻȳһѪ°ͺͲȾ졣
ָⴥǹʪճׯһƬɺ죬½ԶʱˣæҵزϵѪգʦ֡ѹʦ֣ҡҲˣѹҾͲˣʦ֡
κλǹʹϢнЮŲ˿Ϣ֮΢ׯ߬űӵֽɿһˮ˺档
ѻɱպӿǿʵڲˡ½Զɽ֮ϣŽ°ȥǽеʹ졢⡣
µаմ˿̾Ǽȣˣ޻ء
аٽдǵʦǸӣء½Զ߸ϣһֻڿеҡΡ
ͻȻһӭ½Զһӵ¹лм䣬ƮȻ£ִһƴ
Ϊֹˡ
½Զ裬ƺͷĺۣнѸɱѪޡ
Σ֮ʱһɫӰͻȻ½ơ壬˫ɨȻѪա
Ӱ˼ͬʱ
ʦ֣
Сϣ
½Զ˫ѪׯϻȸǣѺڵڣׯ˫ƺ޿κεҡͷȲˣû취
½Զץӵ½ָⷢף˺·ӲҪͽ˺ˡ
һа취Ȼ
תͷϲͣѪˣ޿κεҡͷ


132 
½ԶץŹӵ½, ˫۲Ѫ˿, , Ҳʲôκ
ӳĬ, ̾λӦұ, ʵûˡ
˦½Զĸ첲, ҩ, ɸֵسǴǧˣһ㶼ûȥΣܹ˭
ҩóһƿһҩΪׯ, Ѫ, ʱѪϰ, ҩӰ켫󡣷һȻܶʱѪҺ, ҩЧءԲ򲻵ѲܶҷζʧߺܿԺҲ޷˵
½Զ, üͷʵôأ
ǰôءԹ, ɫ䲻, 㻹֪أżʲôȥ, С
һ߱Թһóһ޴ƿҩͿĨׯѪ˫ϡĴʹ·˫ۣׯҧ촽ʹʡ½Զʱʱֱ
봩Ƽ࣬벻գۡȼĸ޵ڳζСվڹһĨһ߸
ˣǼˣ۾ԺǿˡѪ˯ǰٷһ̫ˣҵĸøء⼸ôҩ⣬ңúտҩ䣬ָ½Զ֣¡
½ԶſׯߣһֻȮػׯһ㣬Ҳ֪û
ԴǰһƬڡׯۣ˫ȴһʹκι⣬ֻ޾ĺڡ¼ˣ˳ٵĺڰ¹һںڰ׹
˫ֺץߵСĶ˵˹ץסĸ첲ſǻ磡ˣ¡ޣѻ졣
ߵׯȴɻ˵ģΪοС
̧˫ֻۣһɴ۾ϣǿκ⡣ǰ£Ҳ֪ԼûûԹޣǱӶһһ㣬ûзκβѹ˼Ѿľˣҳ㷹ѾˣҲ֪
С۾ϵİɴٳû˵ѹæһԵĴ˵ѾûˣҰ˰࣬һɡ
˯죬еһׯŸŻĲʣӦһ
ʱڣʯħϻѪ½ԶλϰؿбǰһϢħñĽȥ㵹ǻ軨׷𰡡
ʯħͷɢ˫Ѿϣϵ˿ڻðѪǵͽħ壬½Զµ˸Ȭ˿һߵȵλϵо
ͻȻһѪӺи£ʯħΧסѪſ½Զűߣѧյģͣȶﹾߴߴ
㻹뱣½ԶһɲǾ
Ѫһ߳ѧظ֤ģߴһͨ½Զʳָ棬ľ࣬۸ӽűߵѪһȥ˫ȣٲȸǡ
Ѫͷ½ԶͷҲʧں֮С
һű㿴ׯѾѣ½Զɫ˲件ϲ˲٣ǴЦ⣬Ȼʦˡ
ӹС룬½ԶҨһ׵ݵߴ˴һڳһ£ʵģʦֲǲ𣿡
ôׯ·˿ûзζģûгԳ𣿡
½ԶһۣӵĻתһɵǺٳһɣʦֳԡ
࣬ׯڰӣʳӶ½Զϣÿ峿Ĺ࣬½ԶڳġŵҲæ˰ʱϲϲֻΪ˵һóԡ
ϰΪӣֻڻˡȸ֮һţߣȴҲûгĹҹ⡣
Ƕׯɥʧ֮һֱη֮ȽŲ㡢۾´ڵ̿յһű´ůů͡
Ҳ˫˺½ԶһֱʱȥԵ£ԽӸ²ܣߡżʵڲҾ£ͨѪʾ½Զ
ׯ˲٣½Զħ֮£Ȼ㲻ɱ֮ˡԼ˵Ľڽ½ԶߣŴ¡ֻҪᰵֻҪ˳ӵذ½Զˣ㲻κ޹ܺ
źңѪߴߴԵ½Զ࣬ӦԪ籾޷ͨðȥĹһʡڳаɲԭǸλħ壬Чħ磬׷жģΣΪūðԼᣬʱ
ǳ½Զħ֮ݴħ£ׯԭƽһĨɬȻССһīˮȴˮǻ硣
ԭҲܹϸĹ۲µģֻΨʹӶˡׯЦһ
ʦЦʲô½ԶׯЦ۰Ͱ͵شչס
ׯȦڻĥ䣬ҡͷӦûʲô
ƳһСǹ½ԶЦЦһɻ˼һҧڳݼ䡣յׯǰǹι
ͻȻһǣׯƬ̣˲Ťǹ˳ƺмԹֵᡣ
ô½ԶЦſüͷίǹɻ˼ǿңսסĴ˱ͷɨÿһ磬Ҫǻɬ
òɿׯĴЩ죬½ԶָȥǵˮգЦô
･½Զĳֹ׽ŪȤׯѵ¶ɬ½ԶڻĪĹ졣ֲҪ˰ŮӣΪÿÿ½ԶҲ鲻Խշ̡
Ťׯһ䣬һ㡣
һ㰡½ԶǵЦ绯ǣ§ׯٴκסĴꡣ
ׯӲܿص㣬˵ڴϣŽš½ԶͻȻɿмֲί˵ʦ֣ǰҵģ
ͻȻԹԼǺǰͬׯЦãʵǰкβͬ𣿡
Ȼˡ½Զѹׯϣͷ֣Ǽѵˮ޵ׯĴѹɤڹƻһ㣬ʦ֣ͷҵ
ׯʱ˫Ǻ죬һ½ԶԴЦ˵⻰ҲȥҪ
ΪʲôҪ½ԶʵʵѹҾʦװ
ׯĻǺԶԣ½Զʹ˹õıջ˵ʦ֣ͷҪ㡣
δׯӦݼ䱻ǿӲ˿˫ʧйٱУȫע·ϡѪҺӿԴ˿ֻͷƤ飬ࡣǾΥҲǣ˶صسС
ʪȴӴݻ䣬ׯͷƺߣ˫ֱ½ԶԴ˿̷·һŻȫһ㡣оԼǹ̵ģѹϵ½ԶҲǹ̵ģÿһ缡Ӷѹ
Ѿûнڣ˿̵ǱĻǣ˲ȼǧׯǰ½Զ׷ӵ¿ָۣⷢ׾ؿšҲоԼϵ·Ҳڱ˼е˺קЦ˼ꡣ
ߵĶȸļĴʹ·ϰһ㣬ȸԴóȡϢѪ
ʶɢˮе仨ȸ񱻽·Ҫڻڹ̵İСͻȻ䣬ϵĶȻֹѹ˳뿪
ׯץס½Զ䣬ʵȥģ
½ԶѹԼĳ嶯ƲƲҡȥߡ
뵽»δǻ޼ɵࡣׯץ½Զ䣬˿ȶ½Զֻй֮޲ĬƬ̣˵Ұ㡣
½ԶشϣδȾͱƵϡׯѵõȻ֮ޱá
ʲôׯ˫ֺҵȵָⴥͬȵļͬϽһ㣬ǵôһ½Զץֵĵطʦǹô
Ȼ½Զ仰˵ˣǹɰȻӭϲãʵֹʡǰׯ˫ۣīɢڼͷϣĶƺг䣬Ҳ಻סͷĳ嶯
һֻץסׯĽ󣬽תڴϻε½Զץׯ˫ȣ˵ʦֻơ
ſѪڣסȸҡҡ׹һ˿͡ھ˼£ȸ񺬺غ߽һԳİ⣬κƶҷȸڻн٣ⳡ鹲衣
Ѿʼۣׯн⣬ίԹ֡ںȼǰͬʱи
ׯһ½ԶһᣬȴͻȻס˲䱻ѹڴͷֳǸ
δӦ½Զץס˫Ȳ£ѯȴǿӲòݿܣʵʦֻ𣿡
Ϊֻȫȥܣׯô˿̱ǰκһζҪ߳ܡƫƫ˻ģҪϷŪա
ߵİΧȸ·ڷгɲιЮûнле˿̶ֻΪϲ質
һ̣ȸſɳߵİ⣬̽СȫİݶĵĶҺѪ۽ڡ
½ԶؿЦָǵĲࡣĿ⸧¹ĺᣬǵɫ˰̵ţͣСϡ
ᴭˣ½ԶͻȻͷ¶мֿУ˵ʦ֣Ӱɡ
Ǻ˵ׯ֪ǸǸЦ
½Զĵظſͷöͷ°ͣίʵۣʦ֣ҪǵĺӣҺġʦϲкŮ
ϲ
ǾͶк㿡ʷţŮºʹݡ
Ϊβ˵㣿ׯ˹
½Զ̧ۿ˿ȵ§䣬ңҲУϲ㡣
ׯǱĻشЦˡ
š½Զסׯָ֣. ָ죬ʮָۡһػӦ֣µػش
ûŵ㣬Ψһŵϲ㡣
˵֮½Զ۰Ͱ͵ʵҪȥͷûҩ
ׯһ½ԶԴֵٺ˵ҾҪˡ
ԴſׯСϣ½Զж·µȻһ㡣ȻöûκӤɫмʧ䣬СţҪͺˡ
ûѪ仰ȴѪׯУЦõغץһԵͷ½Զ˵ʲôɵ𿪣Ҫȥϴ
Ҳȥ½ԶǹЦ⣬·»һ㣬ׯһգ۱ȥ˺Ȫ


133 ˳
, ׯʳ֮ζ, Ȼǰ, Լûзˡ½ԶιԷʱһڣҲ֪ǷŴ˵, һ̵ú䷢࣬Ȼׯ˺ܾöδ֡
ȫ, ŷǼλⲻ˱ׯŲյһ, õ, ŷ·һʱû¡
Ƭ̣ׯδȵ½ԶĻӦ, Щӵദ, ĥӦ½Զķӡ챧ϥԴ, ˫, Сǣ󻹲Ҫ㡣³ڳô̵ķ𣿡
Żɫ½Զ, ⻰̲ס⻰Թôмִζ
üˣ½ԶͰ͵شչ˫ֻסׯ, ԴԴ, ֺǵʦֵĻôᰡ
𣿡ׯСֹ
½ԶУׯ޽ǣ˽Ӥһ, ûϲʦֳԴףҲ᲻ʦֳԴס
˵ˡׯֱӣֹס½ԶĲӣϡ½ԶϲȻо֮Ҫ˺㲻˵ֻôֻҪңҪ˼ڱˣҲ֪𣿡
½Զ˫ׯЦӯӯؿԹԵصͷҶʦֵġ
ƺֻصǰׯ˵ʲô½Զʲôӣׯ˫Ķ󣬶Դһǡ½ԶȻϲϲ͵شչȥסѵõǡ
ǵһʱͻȻһֻӰ䡱һײׯĺ󱳣½Զһ¡
§½ԶǵֱײĺӰԭѪ𣬴˿ˤڵϻԴðǡ
£½Զʵ
Ѫӵڵسɵ½Զߣߴߴ˵һͨ
ׯҲţʱżѪʾ½ԶȫҲֻһ˿̣˵ץסˣ
˭ץס˭ׯͻȻסԴһףӿ죬õͷ·ǸˮĹл֮ȥ
ʮ밲ݣЩĥ־̳еҰ꣬ľˮȫһһ㣬ɥʧ˵ֿЩˣڵѪˣЩˣСܵǣˣ硭
ʦʲôô񣿡½Զ°ͣƫһߵδ¡
ҵ˼ͻȻϣׯͷһƺΨµԼ˼æҡͷϣûʲô
½Զ˸ѹ£ȵ˫ׯӦ½ԶֻҲûзŵĳרע
ԺׯŶͷӣҲ֪ԼǺʱ˯ȥģ˯̫ô˿Դ·Ҫըѡ
ŵ̲˹ȥɬ˿̿ڸׯСˮȻ쳣ɳƣԼǿ˵һĻ
ƺûׯ뵽Ѫԣ뵽ʱһֱδƼʯħǱҲ֪ǻ
ͷƣѹĵ׵´˿һӿȼһžĥ˵ķȫըׯҲ޷ĵصһϹӣĶӶܣǰܣܣܡ
̾һׯ޿κεҡͷץס´Ȼһֻűס顱һˤ´
Ӳ۽ǱƳ⣬ֻǰɴ˿ׯĶͷ˲һַܵ࣬ŴСߣϵħʯʯħģ¾ͺ浽
ׯʯͷ˼ɳƵòԼʯͷûκζûӰӴµɵǺǵػʦ֡
ĲŨأׯ֪ʯħ˿Σ֪Ѫ˵ץ˭Ȼļ٣ʯͷ·ͨʯͷûκҲ˻Ӧ
еϣٴ⺦ˡ⡣ʯħȥ֪½ԶҪɱ޷ӲܡҲ֪ʯħӦ󣬻⵽ĳͷʯħӦˡ
⣬ɱˡΪ˾ˣǸˡһ統֮սУΪ˾²
ֻص⣬һ޷ӱܵ֡ڶתתУˣѡʲôǴġ
Ϊ顱ͻȻһеΡ𡢲־嶼һкǧ
Ҳ޷װӶ
ﴧݲգ֪˭⼸½ԶżȸǣĲ²ʵ
ѪĸأζѾɥʧʲôζͬҲˮУˡ
Դʹ֪˯̫û̫أɫҲûǰǰ󣬷·һҹֻ֮ص֮ʱ
Ѿʱ֣ׯ´½Զڴߣһһιԡ
ׯĲɵؽ˼£˫߬űָ׿߷졣һֱĥοڣ֪ô˵½ԶŲ⼸ķֻһСЧ£漰֪ת
ô˵İɡׯε
ʦٳһڡ½Զãӽ˿̣һֱЦ
߷Ѿָ׻Ļֱȥδ˲
ջ˵ˡ
֪ˡׯɤӣƽؽߵĻ³֪ץҡܷܲһ𳤴ģȻǰͦģϾͬš
ׯźĸɬ˼ŬҪ˵Ļ˵ǲϲܵ˾ͺˡһ𣿺ôôʦ𡣿ȿȡ
˵̫죬ĲǺһͿȡ
˵иСʦáȿȡͦġȢϱɽ֣ҲȿȿȡҲҪˣ𣿡
һʹоһֻϻ·Ҫȥ˵ĻᡣĪĻңԴһֱصͷ˿ٲ˵ףֻԺû˵ˡ
ͻȻĻţׯɫҲŻˣúõĻҲǲҪʱһ㣬ׯѳζ뵽ʲô˵ʲôмּꡣ
ȿȡǹΪУһҡҸ˵ȰȰȿȿȡͲٳǰܲܡ
˵ô½ԶͷβֻׯߣеЦʧӰ٣˿ɫ䣬ĿⶢǰһΪׯŴָⷢס
ҡġ
ߵĻͻȻں䣬ׯԶҲ޷³ҹͣʯĥȻֹ֮ͣ
УܾˣҪ˵⼸յȨ¶ĵ⣬Ҫ½ԶҪ׿˵
ȻŲӿ˺ܾãʯĥûתҲ޷ת
½ԶԼֻΪһ˶ǿģŭձҰ
һͬôǰͺϲôСʦ鶼֪֪İ
˵ʲôϲĿܿࣿһţܲ˺һô˵ˣ
ǵġ˵ǣˣԶ˵Ҫٷ˼ƽϱˡ˵ǣܲ뿪ҪɱˣԶħĲƭˡ
ׯŲƵƵҡͷ˵ˡ
ǰʼûлӦ½Զҧأü
㲻˵ô֪˼ĲϲˣˣСʦùɽ֣һԶԧ죿
ǵġׯҡͷϣþֻиɬ
˵ⱲֻϲһˣⱲֻһ˺ãⱲӴֻһˡ
Ǹˣ
㣬һֱ㣬㡣
ԲҪٺҲ²⣬ҪٲˣҪΪĴ¡һú㣬̫أһеݵȥ㡣
ҴӦ㣬Ȫ˺۵ɽ𺣣ٲ㡣
ǡǡҲ˵ˡ
ͻȻžડһˤڵϡׯݺݰڴϣ½Զ࣬˫ס첲˫ɺɲ
ׯĸ첲ҪڴϣΪˣҪʲô󣿶ô㻹ˣ˵ˣҵĺʦְȻңͱĻᡣ˽ɣȻƤ͵͵ʲôûб㣿û㣿ֱѹҴϺѾǷˣɫعĴô֪𣿡
յ˿Ȼ½Զ˱֣֪ʦ֣֪ʦˣ֪Ǹͬʦ飬֪˽ᡣ
ȴΨˣ˵᲻ʦܿࡣȴʦʹĹ֡
Ҫ˵ڵĻ˵ׯűȵ⻹־䣬һһͷ
ôô˵ôôԡ
ǰİɴѾˮմʪ½ԶֵܷĻ
ׯ˫ֶڲݺݵش½Զһ⡣ֻλЩƫһ½ԶԴϡ
ĶϵĴʹͬŭһ½ԶһЦִҡ
˵ͻȻ˫ֽץׯͷɥʧǰ㺰ʱ򶼲鲻ԸܹԹſ˵˵
½ԶĿ⣬ׯֻоͷʹÿҲ֪Ӧ˺ֻۡͽ͵죬ԭƴ˵˿̣ͻȻ˵ˡ
Ѿû˵ıҪˡ
߬½Զֽû裬۳½ԶдֱķйΪ˫ʧΪģߡ
ΪͿԲģȴظܵѾʪ͸İɴ
Ψֻ½Զܲˡ
պ˵Ĺϵֻص˽ֵԭ㡣·ʮͽ֮ͣ䱾ʹòһκһǶܽǵճɻҽ
ֻǶѵĬӶ
ׯڴϣˣжۣ֫ϵһͷۡ´ʲôʲôǴԾͲˡ
Ȼٲ֣˱ƫƫǿ롣
űƿ½ԶߵߣׯǹŹЦݣʦֲھʹȥ
䣬һգ۱塣ׯŽվڵϣ½Զδʲô
ǵ˾ǰܾұһ
ߴ½ԶݵĻׯʲôӲվԭأϵʯۣѾϵ˰Ѫơ
֪ǰ·½Զȥ쿪ͻȻϤ΢ڷҡε𣬶϶ССϣҪҪ졢뿪Ҫˡ
˭﻽˫һһԴ˵Ļֻͷƣҡǲֺ㣿Ҳ˵Ҳ㡣
ĴϻѪһϢͷ̧ͷׯ㲻ҪӽңûУҪӽң
ׯ¿ʼѪϵʯЩѾȾ졣ʹ·ϲûϰ˳ߡ
û취˵ֻ췢üͷ˫ֽ߬Ⱦ
û¡ۿׯ֪Ҷ֪㲻ҡҲڡ
ׯͣҡͷӰɴµŬҪȫ޹ˣΪλ
ׯ⿪ϵʱͻȻζһҪƶĤׯһаˤڵϡ
ׯãȻΪΣ
Ŷ˵ˡʱվһԵ½Զľ׮ϣϾر۹ǰĺϷһ統ɽϿׯݡ
ɵǣյ
ʦͬһˣʦֿĪҪŶ
ʲô˼ׯ߻ߣȴĺסЪ˹ͰغȵҪٹûУ
ׯԭأв֪ǰǺΡ
Сϡ㱵ؿŵׯᶨ˿ûŭʱı̧ͷׯҪԶڻȪ·ϱ㲻µκű߾Ͳȴˡ
翵÷һ㡣
˵ɱҡ
ΪΣׯ˫ֽȭǿվֱӡ
ѾͷڲׯʱֻһңħѪѾɱҰɣ㶯޺
˼ǣ½Զħׯҧأ᲻ܿصصڵϣϵİɴʪ͸
ܣֵܶģҪ¡
Сϣ죬Ѫδȫڻüѽ
ԡ
СϣⱲûʲô͵һοɱңɱң
ܣ
Сϣһκ𣿡
ҪҪׯսҧ촽ѹƺĳ
ͻȻһ.ׯǰ½ԶӽĶˣĵûеϷγȥ
СϣһκǲϲңԺҲˡҲƤҩˣҪȥ֮һڵ²ȫȥ͵ȫԸ𣿡
ǹڵϣħѪЧѾѪɫ
ҲħСϣ㻹ǵòһֱ𣿡
ׯţͬ
Ϊ
СϣҵߵͷˣҵҲͷˡûһǧ֮һûʲôġ㲻𣬷ΪҸˣСϣҲħҪԲ
Ϊ˽飬ׯٳٲԸ֣ᵽǰѾòȥԸˡ
ׯγ˫־Ҳԭߵǰ··äľţٲԨܻͷûк·ǰеĿģΪɱԸɱˡ
СϣҽˣͲ˵ˣԺҲˡǷĻǵÿҵһյɽ֪ϲǾƣҲϲǳӣҲˡû£ҼǵþͺáͱˣԼǱ߻ȵġ㡢úõģúûţúá
ģׯӰδ޵ġǰͬγϣĽһζ
ûսˣŵ㣬˲ɵˡҪԶԼȴǿ˵ġ
ׯߵǰ촽ѾҪѪȻһ涼Ҳˡ
ְɣѹƲסѪˡ
ׯûж
㣬ˣ
ׯûж
Сϣɣˣڵϣؿ޺
ׯоҧ촽Ѫø࣬ᵶǰ
ǴƿˤڵϵֺƵ֮ʲôȥˣҲ޷ָ
ׯӵĽȥסѪֱ˿ޱԹԼ޷˵޷ۿǰһ档
ֻͽ͵س壬ͽ͵طһϡ
ϿɢһءɫҰʬƴһ˿ȥׯϵᣬο㲻ҪޣĽ£ġ
ͳĳɫͬĽὣ룬ׯ֣һϢĶ㡢պá±ӡ±ҡ
δ˵꣬ׯܵϵ¶Ȼʧԭأ֮緢һҡ־Ҫһ㡣
ͷ޺·Ҫϲ԰
˭˭һҲá
ûԹȥʱߵģն
ûеȵϲԴ޾ĺҹٲĶħᱧ


134 ֮
֪ϦϦ, о˯һ֮áׯŵŨİ, ֻصȸˡ
ŵײѪʹ, һȣӦǷҩ
αءׯڴһ, ֻ޾ƣûҲһ㡣β, ȥȵ˲ű, Զᷢá
ȻĳǲԸġ
ϵ˺ק, ׯ˺˴ֱĶ֪˭붯һʬڴ, ڡ
, Һ, Һÿ, ֪˿̿˵Ƿٸһ⣬ͬھȻûǸͣüĻ, Ҳδ֪
ţû뵽˶ָƣһж, ŵġ
Ŷ½Զſ, ŹƻĹӣҿԺʦһŶʦɱҵĻһܸ˵ġʦɱʦ, һδ̽ҵɡ
Ǹںҹе֣㱻赭дἰһˡɱҵµ̸
ϵİɴʪỬϡûʹޣҲûκʱǰֻǾ۽ǣо¶ȣоκﶯĴ̼
ҧ촽ܣ˫߬ű죬ȥͺˡôţҲǵһΡΪԼѾǹٶˣȻΪˡ
ԶԸġ
ͻȻקׯ½ԶϣľֻзֺҺãҺÿٴңҲ뿴
վԸġ
ϵİɴק£׹ۣεͷ˫۽ա½Զ°ͣͷֱԼЦʦܿˡ
˵䣬һָֻüۣᣬڰ飬
һĺÿ½ԶЦӯӯؿׯ˫һۣһʱǧɣȴûпĳ뱯ݣֻӶˡ
ֻ뿴뿴ӡ
ʦΪʲôҪأ½ԶĨȥׯ۽ǵᣬսػ˫ۣʦǲ뿴ˣ
ͻΣźţׯɢȻۣãȻؿ½ԶȻδӦͻȻͷ½Զݺץţͷ
½ԶսŽź󱳣һֻס°ͣڶʦǲ뿴ѽ
Ŀ⾡ͷһû۾ͷ­ׯҲ޷ƽ߰ӿۿǸҰѪף·𱻺ݺһ㡣˫ͨ죬ҡͷ
Ǹͷ­Ҳ˵κһ䣬ȴĶǵ̸ЦĻ
ʦֺù֣ȻһԴиоˡ½Զקׯͷײׯҧ촽ǲͣѪ
˸ʦ֡½Զһίׯ˵ʦֵ۾ҽöʦŶʦлĻֻˣʦֿ˴˿жˣʦֿˣû۾ˡ֮⡭
°͵ֻƵׯüۣϧظűϣָĦ˼±ǿӲ˿أݼ䣬һСԭµЦҲϲôȵػʦ֣ҾͰͷˡʦֲҵĶ𣿡
ӿ࣬°͵ڵϡׯûзŭûп޺رպҧס½Զֱָǻζ
½ԶգǻϲׯҧԽЦԽģʳָׯ˫ḧɽˮͼһ㣬ѪͿĨڱϣЦʦҧҧɣҧﶼԡҶʦֻġ
ĴʹǿңɷԼȷʵ޷ֿ½ԶĴ̼ԼûκηӦͲʦĹǰʧ̬Ҳ˿ʬǰһγ½Զ衣
ҧ촽ԼƺԴ̧ͷΪֻҪһ̧ͷܿ԰װݵס
ۡ࡭ׯﷴĸ֣˭ҪϤ֣Ȼûзϡ
֪ģ֪Ľ֣֪˵Ľ֣Ϊλһһȥ
Ţקڽûκ󡣶ʱһ§һ١
ֱײˣѹԼĳ̬Ȼ½ԶƫƫԸסţһ̺ݺݷйһʧˡ
Ѫڴ̷ɣ½ԶתͷƳһۡׯĺ󱳣һ£ʦץʱٶ࿴ۣԺɾҲˣЩ㡣
ȻʧׯʱˤڵϣͷңɿŢ֫ʹԴԣøɾϵǡ
ɤʣ˵˵
ǷһǸⱲҲû˵ˡ
ԭΪ粽еľزˣȻʵڵ͹˶ħֶΡӴʱ֪һϢ
ܲץˡ
ƽؿڴߣϥŴһĬãտЦһͷԴ˫ۼ䡣
ھֻһ˴ţ˲Ը½Զ󻷱ס°͵ͷʦ֪ˣʦ𣿿Ŷҿ
ׯ̧ͷתãȻؿ½Զնɻ
ֻ½ԶóһСӣׯǰ˻ΣЦֻҪʦֲҪҰæԼȥĻҾͷ
ׯüͷ΢ǲ½ԶԺ⡣δӦ½Զһѱת۾ͱ˴
󱻷ڴͷ䡣½Զҧɹޣʳָһ̺ɫҺͿĨׯ촽ϣ°͡ȫ
ɹпտҲ½Զ˿˷ѣȫׯϡӵӣһԵľϣϾŴϵˡ
ɹеҩܿ㷢ׯǺ죬˿ǹ̵ġָ߬ŲƵķ˵ֻɤƺߡ˫Ųͣض屻ӣϵ졣ҩЧǿ࣬ׯȫ¶ڿУһࡣ
·һŻڷȫׯҧ촽ǻζʹϵĴʹƺԻĲʡ
ԼΪܲҲҪŹȥֻΨһĻᣬֻҪһξͺˣֻһΡԼˣʼ
ߵ٣ŴϷˣ½ԶЦϥڴϡͷׯָѵˮظ޽ǣЦʦҪҰæ𣿡
޵ĴëӽģׯһθأȴôŬͷҪ䵽½ԶģȻ½Զƺǹһ㣬Դƾͣԣȴô䲻
½Զ⿪˫ֳ࣬˵˫ڷֺ֮䡣ȫ˴ϣ½ԶʦֿҪҵģֻҪҪҶ㡣
ԷɢŨϢһСҧׯʶԴֻӿȼյĴ޷˼ԴҪ׵½ԶҪ½Զͷ
˫Ӵʱ͵ƿ½ԶתһԵıͷϡֻҪĻͲ嶯ˣŬš
˫߬Ŵָⷢףűĥ䣬Ҫڵ͡½Զڴߣȥ춼ץơ¶ĴϣһƬŢϵƺڴߴƺץӷεڶ߲ͣ졣
˿ܵĲֻһˣ½Զҧűƺߵׯ̼ƻһһ߽ԼΪ׼
ʦĲҪҿ԰ģʦϲĵطԵġһʦֺģǰҾŶֻҪתͿӵҡ
ڲͣطׯһţץŴ˺ѳ롣ҲܲסˣĮѰˮԴһ½Զ˫ֱסԴеԼĴ
ޱȻƵһҹ
ڴһڴȼɻҽ
ͣׯϻҹĺۼһޣֱҹҩЧųɢ˶ƣ˯ȥ糿½ԶüҲû˰ϴ
ҲںˣסԴҪʧȥһˡ
Ȼ½ԶҪɺɵϢƽڰǰëĵѪߴߴ
дֵֶ˺ܾãһŰֽдһ־Ѫ𿴡Ѫʶ֣ųҡͷ
룬ߵǰһҩƿѪǰ˻ΡѪ룬ƺ֪˵ʲôߴߴ˼ʧںС
صǰٳһŰֽë֣дԼԡ
ǵģԡ
±ʣҪȻǰѪȶߴߴʧˡ
ʦﲻôżҩ䶼ûãǸ񡣡Դׯ
δӽׯ뿪ͻȻƿ°ڹǰŵùӻһϽܵ
ʲôʹðܲ
ׯִֵҡͷӼ㵥ϥߣ۵˵ʲôҪ˵ɣʵڡʵڡ
ӽӹֽȻ˫ֲ·ǧʯ⿴ׯʦɰҲܡ
ׯûмջֻƽؿŹӣ޲Ƽᶨһǰƾغ
һ̹ӱ֪ˣˡ
ҧأ鱯˫ȭźӦãҴӦ𣿡
ׯظأЦЦ
һΪ֪Լ
½Զк֮һ𣬾һٲʱͻȻһɫӰۿۡ
Ҳ˲Ⱥ֮ˣǸһϢͷŭ𣬲ֻʸϻȸǡ
ű͵߿½ԶׯڴϣץһԵĹӣ˫ͨغҾʲôȻ
ץ½󣬵ͷ
½ԶҪһ㣬ǰ͹𣬡ҲҾȻ
Ҳ̲סеıʹŭ𣬺ˣף͸˵屻ϵĿûв̴ֺࡢݡҸ˵ˣûлı¡˾ˣҾȲ
㣬úôģҸ˵ѪаҸ˵飬Ҹ˵ѪӲã㾹һ䶼ûϴССˣӶģ㻹Ϊôݣ
ҾȲû־仰֪ʲô˼
ָȻɿ½Զĺ·ڴ˿̡ŴϲͣѪˣΡΡ߹ȥ󼸺ϣ߬½ʧȥǰ㺰ҲûУ㲻ûҵߣǷҵģǷҵģ
ϵûκλӦ޷ֹͣѪ½Զϡ̵¶ļ˫ֵ֣ɺ졣ͷ·һʲôƶߣҲ׷ˡ
ˣץׯϣҪŬסʧ¡һ·Сؿ޺뵽ʱ־ųˢǺ񾭡
ׯ֣ధ󣺡ʦ֣ʦ֡㣬Ҫ뿪ҡòáҪҡ㣬˵ҵġԶҵġ㡭㡭㡭
Ҵˣʦ֣Ҵˡ㲻Ҫң㣬ҪҡҴӦ㣬ֻҪѹҾͷѹòáʦ֣Ҫҡ
˴£ںһ˿ֿ̣ʼصĺڡ
˵ˡ


135 Ļ
ϵϢ, ½Զе¶Ҳһһʧ, ŻԵׯ֪롣Ժׯһȥ, ˵ģ, Ǵ˿̱ȻȻȥ׷ϡ
£ׯڻȪ·ϻٴ, ͷҲصһ˿ؽ˼, һǰؽ޼Ԩ
һ˹Ƕ·, ػһҲҪׯʮָ۵عȪ
ʦ֡Ҫҡ½Զͷ, ׯֱ, ȥҾȥ, Ҫҡ
޵һ˺ڽֱߵĺ, ץׯ񱻶СץŴ˵ƣίĵѯʣΪʲôҪҪԺܶµ, ʲôԸĵģһô
޵ʣԹػʦ֡δеظܵȥ, δ̵ؿ־Ļš
½Զʹģ, Ĳ̣һԳŰһˣ֪Ҳ֪, ǲɵĹ𳤡һԣһ˿ϣ
Ȼ̧ͷ½Զڲ
ǿһ㣬½ԶѪ𣬵ѰҹĲ֮ʧ
½ԶΣׯһգ۱ʧںС
ɽ£½Զɽε󷨣ļٵشݻаУֱײ¥ڡ
ڰǰҡȣ·ָ֮Įһ㡣
½Զ嵽ǰֱڵϣ𳤾ʦһ
δۿȻҡȡĬƬ̣Żڵħ𡣡
½Զ¿ˮŲӦǡ
ˮ֮ɱġǳѯʡ
ǡ
ɱġ
ǡ
筺ɱġ
ǡ
ʯ׳ɱġ
½Զͷ˿ɫҰ׵ׯ鱯ʹּУǣе鶼ġҪ𷣣һ˳еֻʦΣ𳤾ȾҲ
δӦǱҡȣ֮ɱġ
½Զͷһ𣬺·ֹͣˡ˿һµСܴ˵ʣèһ̿֡
ҾȲˣ߰ɡ
µĻӦڶ׹Ԩ󺣰޷ڰ޳ĲΪ˳ͷҪׯ
ˣδйľʧ롣ͷֻǻﱧ޷
һжҵĴʦ޹ءҪηңԹ޻ڡֻʦΪɾϹᣬ𳤿ʦֵϾһȾ
еʪ̣ޱظܵׯѪļΨһĻᣬصͷ󣬡Ⱦ
ڵĿ֮ʹ֮Ȼ˿̵½Զȫ˲̬ϣΪħ֮ɱȨĲһ˿ȫ˲ˡޱ֪ӵеһжûһҪǸһ͸࿴˼һۡ
ۿؿͷˣҡȵĶͣ£أұӲ޹㽫ҵı̨ϣȻȥɡ
ã½ԶڿϣϲغЦŽׯڱ̨ϣĶͷ˵ʦֵңҺܿͻһͿԿˡ
һϢ΢ˣ½Զ޲ýеİϧ˿̶ͳׯԵ˸ܲڶߣȫ鶼һ䣺Ұ㡣
¥ڣʩ̽ׯơУ½Զȥۣж½ڡֻһϮīɫƿ°ڹ·ϡӼˮʼһ·ɽͷ
ǧߵԹ޻ڡ
·ϳݣָħ𣡡
ħ٣·˲ֻʶӡӻؼҵ˱ˮסϣﲻͣӷ
ȻüȻȺС̽Դȴλݲɱ˲գ۵ĶħֻϵعݣŢСһ·С
˹Ƭ̣׷Χӵһظ½ԶЩļ½Զδɱ˱ޣħͷ˭أۡɱôˣǧҲϴ
ǣʵģҪҴ򲻹ҪԴڳǽϡ
һȺ˸½Զã˵еķŭ޲ýƤȺв֪˭ԴһץϵʯͷԴʱһѪֹ
Ȼֹ˳ϻ̳ϿֵؿǰλݾߵħȻ½ԶδᣬδظϾɱԼ£ؿͷݡ
ѪӺиˣ½Զߡ˺ҧʱ½Զȴ¡
ѪɻؿԼˣ½Զǰ˼ع¿ͷķֺ¡
һȺ˼½ԶûгɱˣסѪ𡣵ӱ˲٣ѹԹ޴ʱˮޣ׷׳½Զʯӡ¿ˮӳ
һؾѾŢɢŵĸ½Զϻδɵĵ壬ͷϻմ˵ĭ
˵ŭֻƽݵԼ£һһᶨ·ʢŭ޹ء
Ŵħͷ޶ԵģԲ׷ӿȭߣ½ԶԴˮͷֱҪϢЩ˲ϣݺݵﲻͣá
˲ڽŵײ½Զץŵǰӿˮ࣬ˮɧζԼĳζȫڿǻӷ½ԶͣظŻָٽŸһ̧ͷ㱻˺ݺݲȥû븯ˮ
̨ϣׯѪУʹ̣˫ֽȭʹƺߡУ½ԶǧָѵС
ϲ֮õ㺳ΪΪԵ
Ȼ˶ԣֿ̹ĵľ𣬲֮Ϊ١
ŷӳң½Զļ٣ʵʦ֡
ѪаȫѪУҪֻһӡ
½ԶȲʵΣ
ҡȣų̋Ϣ΢ׯ̹Ȼġ
ģ½Զǰҵɢڵˮϵ඼û
ſڱ̨ߣׯٿеУҵģҵ
ץŹĸ첲½Զڵϣ󣬡һҪȻ࣬ҵҵǺõû⡣ŲȥˣȾȾ
伮أ֮ʹ.ÿÿ̸ͷƤ飬̵ֻҽ˭֪Ƿ˵ôʹ˵ʲôʲôɣ˭һء
˴˿̵½Զ
ҹ߻谵¹͸ľ½Զϡ԰׵պѪɫ죬ʪ͸ǰɢڵˮϵĺ°͵ڵϡ
žžડǺˮѪһһڵ档½ԶڵϣѪؿڣűߵѪһӣʢѪеı˰֮
ѵ̧ͷų̋ϵׯǳǳȴȡѩҹ˿һȵƻͨľеƯ뺮඼˹ޡ
ȻƣأЦЦ
޾ĺҹׯۣϤĺﲻɻ˻û
ʦˡ½Զϲ˹ȥſ䣬мίͽˡ
ׯϤˡϤĴϤ޵ü⡣½ԶһԵĴ룬Ҩһᴵ˴ЦҲģȰɣҩͲʹˡ
䲻֪£ׯ½ԶȻԭӲ
һڴߣϥŴͻȻ˻ţ½ԶȦڻս޽ǣɢ㣬ȥɡ
ׯ͵ת㶵ؿ½Զæܳ
ϵĽ嶣ׯ˲ýµˣܵУܼеѰǵӰ
Ȼȥֻͱ̲ݣκˡļٵؿ⣬ͻȻһڡ
ΧǽϣٺЦʦӿ治
ׯܲһ꣬˸Цȥ׺
紵ݵأ̵˻ӿׯܲЦĳԶӡ
٣ôͿʼˣܲΧǽׯЦժӾˣ㻹ǺǰһƫСӡ
ֻ֮һ֮ңܲһׯļ򣬳Һܺãġ
šׯЦŵͷеȴģߣ˿糤㶣ȥúùӣ𣿡
ãǶãժҾ͸ˡ
ׯ̿ŴһȭЦժɣժҪȥ
ܲ°װӣﻹҧųһңժһ㶼СӳԿժӾҪ͵ܵǮˣսı¶ˣʦŲҰʦŲң
ׯƤӻǰһˣժһҹȥЦԻ²졣
ܲǰׯֵЦ⣬֣µضأԺ󡭡²ˡ
ĩˣּһ䣬ҲҪ
ܲͷЩ˲٣صʦֱء
ǰܲǽϣׯЦ˼̳ɽӰڳġĿûпڸˡˣౣء
ΧǽϵӰʧ٣ׯóٳٲԸݡ紵°ںͷ˿İɫӰվڱУ߿´硣
Ŀ⾡ͷǰķ򡣴ɽڣȥ¥ѿաԭΪɽӲģȻȴ֪ͷ˳
ׯתȥ̲ݽأ档
ѾʢˣļȴճʱȻʱûֹͣ˶ʮȥˣϲš
ҹׯͥԺʯǰϰż̳ɽǵãǵɽʱ½Զµġ
˶ˣԼˡ
һյһյһׯ΢΢죬ͻȻһ硣½Զ߳ԣպơ
Ǿ⣬ɫͷӿһ˿įͷС͸ߡ
½ԶƱݸʦ飿
顭ǡׯһ̺죬ʲôֵģ㲻棬棬뻤Ҳ棬ǻðɡá
½ԶĬƬ̣ʦֺˡ
ôׯǵͷɫ翵ǼƵľ㣬ţ˺á
½ԶᱧǶͷˣݰɡ
ԴЩׯ½Զϣ˫۱պϣӦá
֮ׯ½ԶЩ仯˵ˡ֮ǻϲģûȥֻҪߣ˹ű˴˾㹻ˡ
ͷʹǣһ½Զ˿δ䡣ǱݶúõºȾƣ½ԶҪι
ҹ½ԶĵñڻһһιȾƣ¹͵عЦúô
½ԶЦӦš
Ҳȡ
Ʊݸ½Զȴ˾ܾ̹Ȼ˵ιҡ
ݵ½Զߣϵ˵㣬Цι
ׯһۣסƱľˮչȥĴɵ
Ǿˣɫ.ˡׯ½Զϣ˫ֹĲӣ˳ǡ
½Զѹ£ƾһ˿ǣ½Զĸ첲ǵᱻġ
˼ȴ˿ûзŹ˼ֵָûͣ¶ͷ˫糺ˣЦ˭ҿ
𿪣ҡׯƿ˫µʵʵһ˿ûУ½Զ
ҹɫܣŮľٻǰСһŮͻȻһʵû죿
ǸʵŮͻȻһ죬ͷ첽뿪ߴλģˣߡ
λĲ⣬ͣ׷ʣΪʲôʰҹܹģ𣿺ݶϣǲǣ
˵ˣԴ͸Ͻߣ
ȵңô죬ûȵң


136 
ׯ, ½Զ˸һ, , Ե£ȸǡʲô½ԶŸʲô, ʱ߾ؿ
ÿʱҲǰϲ, ϲ½ԶǿȰ֡żʵͲסŪ, ڴϵǸ, ̬ȳϿҵؾ˳󷴵ίˡ
ׯʵڿЦã˱ôµĻ½ԶתȻֵûϲ, ȴмֻ, ˵ϵ, ܾ̫˳Բ, е񱩷ǰĺ档
գӡСƷ裬ڻЦűͻȻ, ½ԶЦ߽ʲôôѽ
ΨһαռݣС½Զ, Ѹ½Զδ, ֱߵׯǰ£סͷЦӯӯؿһβ, ˿̶ҡڣֱһСҡβ˻ġ
ׯ·ϰһ㣬δ½Զ˿̵ģкβסһԴľˣ˹һ㣬½ԶׯǰԴɵЦһʱɻħǲĸˣ
𷽲̸֮£ׯղסϵЦ⣬һ˫һŹ⣬˿ԵĹӣٿ½ԶȤ˵տ޵һ˵˭
½ԶƺδӦ֮⣬㶵ؿׯǼֻϧջԲѣҪƽҫ˿޵ǰǺģ
ׯ˼½Զ͵תͷŹӡŵùһϽһԵСǸǸС㲻˵ŷ˼µĸ𣿸Ͻȥߡ
ǡ
ˣٲ߾ûóˡ
Сֳš顱һϣ½Զ׷
ĶӵˣׯЦֹ½ԶĲӣͷ㿴㣬һͰѱˡ
½Զ˿Լй§ׯͷЦǲѵҪҺʦȣ
ׯ˴ĶͷЦҾ֪ʱ˲ı¡
ӶЦ½Զ§ţ½ԶԴ̴ƱǼ⣬Īůůģϣʱͣһ̡
ûɱ¾ûз磬û̯߰ӡ̸ֻЦֻа飬ȡůֻƽƽȵһ˸öá
ƺ뵽ʲôׯɿ½ԶԵŰл𳤣ܴȥ𣿡
½ԶŲ˼£˿ûɿ˼µҶлˣȥˡ
֮ԵԵлһԼ𳤣вȥĵׯָ½ԶĳȻ˫գ˵㽫ɽϵȫƻˣºԼģлģûİ
һȻЦȤģ½Զȴ档뿪ׯţͷӦѽ
ûģҵĶ㡣½ԶסׯָؿڣźȻظܵʻɶʦָܵڰ𣿡
ׯһͷˮɻ˵ʲ
ȫ½ԶĴ»ȥ±½ԶԴͷǡ
Ũнҡ١½ԶɿׯĴ꣬ͷ֣ǼеĻϲȫˣͬ˶࣬ͬˣȫصؽˣֻΪڡҺãǰˡˡ
ׯıʱʵºס˱ֱׯƺ˼ɿ§ˣͷ˼£ôҲ˵һ΢ȴᶨ֣أڼ¶Ұ㡣
½Զı仯ׯȷеظܵˡʱ鲻ͬǰ˾ðȵ飬·ѾమƽӶȹꡣ
ϲûɵĻšĪĻţ½ԶıжĻţϣԼӹš
˼ãʧǰ;ˣֻ޷˵ڡʱҪ½Զ˵δ˵ڵ⡣
Сšׯ½Զ
½ԶŪӺ˿Լ˵һŷݡׯ̧ͷšһ
ҡׯｫǷȥ˺ü飬֣µظ½Զˡ
Զһǰ˵Ҳϲϱ˵ģҰ㡣ԺһƽƽعӺôǲϲСǾͲҿԡѧԣÿؼҳԷ㽫ħ糷Ҳħֻ㲻ҪɱˣҲκˣǰһ𣿡
ׯһĿ½Զûа½ԶǷͬ⡣ĻΪ˭飬Ȩ֮ơԲӵݣΪ²ίȫ˿ֻ̣½Զİˣǰˣ빲һֻǼ򵥵మˡ
ǲӣֻׯħֻ֮½Զ
½ԶΪΪ˲ƭĽڡ֪½Զô룬ǷӦ˼֮ʣȴǰӦá
оϲ硣ǿڿ̤̤ʵʵȵطڶǲزסЦ⣬˵˹ȥס½Զ
ֻһ򵥵ӵûǣûмҵĽڡȴޱİĻŭš
˶ŶԷׯԣճɾ½Զԣγǣ
ʵʵظܵׯҪȥʱ֪ׯ˼ʱδ̵غ뱯ʹ
·ͻȻ֮һ£ħҲãҲãͲںħ֮ҲãҹҲãνֻһˣʲôûׯҪ
պ½Զһֱ׼֮¡ҹ칬ٰħԭĵطѾһƬ棬Ҳͨ·
λħæòֺȴһͷˮӤŴѯʣ½ԶҲֻЦ˵ҪؼϡλħӰ˼⣬ʲôûħʲôģû⻹ͷһء
½ԶжصħĴСȫ̸˰Լƹ۰Ͱ͵ظϽһ鶼ףׯࡣ
½ԶҪ¶Ӹ󣬻ϲϲܻȸǡһű㿴ׯڰװʦֲ˵һôҲң
½ԶΪ¶С۵ĺһ㣬ׯЦ٣ˣС˵˭Ĵ
һ԰æֵСͻȻϵЦʱˣȻҵ½ԶǺׯ׽ЩСֹϣþãôأ
Ͷһǿ׳½Զׯǰ§Сֵ˭ӣ
СԴӲͷƤ˵ӣҴ磬ȻҴ硣
ׯͷСһ㣬̲סȤٳٲһСõ㡭
ׯСһӣݵ½ԶЦһӡ
½ԶЦӯӯׯͶιͻȻѪУǻŨصζ͵վׯӶڵϡ
Ե£ȥһˡ
Ҵ˵仰һգ۱ʧںС
ׯȻʧӰԾؼӿ죬࿨ɤۣƤҲͻĪĻš
ϵӹ·עûԵֱúýɡ
Եڣ½ԶһӺʱһѪڰϡӡ賤Ӳ°ֱۡű鲼ȫ
Ѫɫͫĳڲƺ˭ó䶨ʢ硣ӡ½ԶѪͼͣսΧʡ
½ԶŲӹڵϣһֻץǣָ׿ѷ졣ʹŤǺ죬ǻڲͣѪѪһһεڵ档
ӡޣ½ԶӡߵţÿһѪУȡѪ賤½Զסӣ˫Ѫ˿ƾҡ
УҶСľļ١ܲץ죬ȥħ磬Ҳ˿Сɽˡˣûˡ
վСľԶֱΪߣû취ɱħˣһ취ûС
֮ʣͻȻһϤŮڵ
죡Ҷ˿ȹϵϣû˼λ֮͡
ϲˣǰأϲˣ
ҽ찡
ˣֻ̫ٶûзְˡҾ㣬ҡǺ£ҸΪˣҲңûмϲԼɱˡ
ͻȻһҶֹס˿ԭأ㶵ʵʲô˼
˵ûмϲɱˡ
ǡ˵ʲô֪Լ˵ʲô𣿡
û˵ɱˡ
ҶֱҪһײżܣǣǣ
ǲǣ㿴˱֪
䣬ǰ֮䡣Ҷ迴һС黨裬ڴͲҳʬɽѪɺӣһλſڵϻѪŬ֣˵ʲô
ǰ죬޺߻ص͡Դʹ·Ҫըһ㡣ʲôƴسƺҪѪ
ԴͷҵĿ޺У˭˵ȥ
Լ


˭˭˵˭
ҶôԴҪֹסҪʹʶʱͻȻһЦ
̧ͷˣʱ඼ֹͣ˺ҷأԡ˵ģ½Զһģһ
ܣҪ
Ҷؿˣҡҡλεվԭءһ˲䣬еļӿͷԴ·Ҫһը
͵ضƴԼԴǰȻһڡʱȴſڵϣ֣ﲻͣѪþ϶һҪúáȥԸ㡢Ը㡭һ˳죬곤
ˣħɱţΪ˱ڴ£ȥϢûбħ֡ħ𣬾½Զ
һҹ֮䣬һȫܴ̼ʧȥ䣬ʬڽε
ڣ࣬ͷңֱһСлӡ־ֹŽŢС·ϣͻȻײһˡ
ëغӴ˭ۣ
룬ǸƯá
ʲô֣
˫ؿҡͷһûĿտǡ
ģ
ҡͷ
Ҫȥģ
ҡͷ
СֹôɰѲǸɵӣ
úÿⲻȫ硭һذɡ
ճյ̧ͷ
˳֣Цߣǻؼҡ
ؼңɻૡ˲ųμ棬֪ôܣԹԵַ棬ؼҡ
˶ժͷϵӲݿҶ˵òû֣ʦѧһʫرá翴ͽС
ͽɣҶ衣
㶵صͷɵɵظһİ˻صеİ塣֣Ҳһֱʼա
֪ˣܲ
Ҷ裬г
ȻףҶ豧ͷʹޡʦͽǡϣȴ˼ȻˣԼѪ˼˲Ƶϲųˣϲ꣬δװ
˿ʹģҶ˫ͨ죬ڵϷʹޡ
ʱһĨɫӰ󻺻֣ǵڿֵڵħĨӰǰ޺ˣǹһĨļЦ


137 öʧ
ʧȥԺ, ½Զܸоӡڴÿʱ, ·һɨѪ, űǳߵĶѿ̽񾭵ǿҴʹСعѲ֪ںδ, ʲô
ԺɱҲ㲻ҪӡˡҪЩ鴦, ׯ˫ѽ
½Զϲϲ, ŵʹϢӰ١⼸տЩŤŤĴᶼܿһ仨, ˭˵ǴЦӶ̲ס˵϶һɡ֮
һڰǰŴĲɵšͻȻƳ۽һߵͼ, ̯ϸ
صϹŻʱ, , ״, ٵأ޿ɺҲ
½ԶһᣬͻȻʾ, 칬һŮ
ˣ½Զϴᣬüʵ
ϣŮԳʦ, ˵һ, ֤ʵ
ʦ㣿½Զૣ
ϣŮ˵칬, ȥһֱȵΪֹ
½Զɻ󣬳ĬƬ̺˵ȥɡ
䣬һźգۼ䣬½Զҹ칬ĳǽϡӳ¸ŮӣЦСʦ㲻ʦֺúžۣʲô
Ҷ̧ͷӸµ½Զǽ˫ͨѪ˿֪ǳ޻ǲʡ
ɳƣɫȻǣʦ㣬򵣲𡣶ʦѶҲװͿҽֻһ¡
ڲܿصطͷˮۿתȺֱ֪ࡣĬƬ̣ڹŲӵˮĳǲɱġ
ˮ½Զ˫ֽ汧ۣϸüһҶӦɡ
Ҷ趢ŵЦһǾǣǾͲǣѲɱ˳񵹲ˣ
½Զ˵һͷˮĥ⣬ѿ࣬ɿ첲˦һ䣺ɱģȻҲǡˣˡ
ת뿪ͻȻɱһ½Զ㿪ǽҶֱϳţɱкݾ顣ɱߺޣȵɱ飬ֶβ̣кͬţ𱨡Ҽ򲻹ҲҪƴһսΪȥĸĸ𡣡
Ѫɱġ⺮ʽʽκʵ⣬½Զлм䣬㽫˴³ǽ
½ԶֶŻѪˣ߰ɣɱ㡣
ų˾ǰȴ޷гˡҶѪļ򣬶ŵЦҽûŻȥɱţҶ㡭
Ҷ쳤Ц۽ǵڵϡŽվҡҡλεؾٽ½Զ˵㺦ʹʧ˫ףͷҡ
ƺ˵ԼૣҴġ
ҳһЦòɳһЦáҶѱŭռȫĽڲͣػζָ׿ٽŭ˳ôʦֳΪ˵Ц
ׯ½ԶĵͻȻ亮ɭۿҶ裬ҧ³֣졣
Ҳ֪ԼΪ˳ЦˣҶЦЦʦַ£˳ĽΪƫ̻ʲô³㺦ҾˣΪȫ˵Цֱֱ޿⣡
죡½ԶŭĿԲɫͫȼաӡһ߼ȡѪӲȫ㱼һߴӷ϶ռȫ
Ща˴Ͳпᣬ綾һ㣬ڰŻֻΪ˵ȴĿ񲻼ʱһ̳ȡ֮
½Զպһʧǧźޣ֪Ƿһ̡Ȼغׯ£ԶҲѧݡǶһ䣺ٻѰ
ȸڣׯƿţչģ㡣İϣҲһ㡣
С뼸λŮһ̲ȰׯӲ߽½ԶδȥԵѰһš
ȸǵĽѱ½ԶջأµҲ࣬߼ȸԵһһ·߱룬ʳУӸæµɷͷˡ
סЦ⣬ׯЦߵԵſڡ̴ӳ˵½Զڵڡ
ׯɻ󣬻˷Ѱȥšһ·ͻȻӿ죬ƤҲ죬⼸ĪĻţ˿Ļŵø
ʦλʦ㣿ʦ㣬Ī裿£Ѿȥô
ׯɻ࣬ӿ첽ҪϽҵ½Զħ黹δ׵ԾͲҪˣҹζ࣬ʵں³ʲô⡣
æϵǽʱǰѪȵһĻʱ̱ڵϣ·ֹͣˣֻд̱ǵζϴ̼񾭣ڸн衣
½ԶǽҶͷ­Ѫգмνϡ
ΪΣΪΡʧųµĹ֣ˮۿתܿϵѪ
ʦ֡½Զ̧ͷǽϵׯЦӯӯطߣ·𷽲ŵһжδһ㡣
ׯŵضǰ½Զǰ˵½ϻнѪӭһŻѪζڲ˫ֽȭڷΪɱ
ҡ½Զǰͷʮίģ޵ػҲǹġ
ǹģׯʧЦ·ʲôں䣬ŸŻĲʣʣȻ˵ǹģֿԴȻ˵˵㲻ǹģ
ҡ½Զ޷粵ֻǵԴҿĲǹġ
ׯԣŵĵ߻ȥ½Զæµ˰ѪȻһץסĸ첲ͱƿ
Ҳ̲סᣬۣʹش󺰣޴㾹˲̵ظԴһƬģά㣬㡢㡭ӦҲɱˣԭֻǺŪңҶôˣ㻹Ҫ㲻ǹģһβǹģ𣬴Ϊħɱÿһˣңһǹģ
£վвƺʲôųǽЦ˵ҪۿҾµˣǰȥ˵Ҫۿĵģʲôˡ
ǣǡˣɹˣʲôˣӮˡץʯשŵૣȼĹҲˣһ̿ȻϨ
ʯڵײײ뿪ᣬ·˵Լ߱˵Ҳˡ
ʦ֡½ԶǸ
ҲǸˣþȫƿˣҲˣҲˡ
½Զܲ˵ؽߴ˿֡ҪǸҪĲǹġ
ʦ֣ġ½ԶͣĲǹģûɱʦ֣Һòã㱣֤ԺҲɱˣ뿪ħƽƽĹӺòã
ׯ̧ͷ˫ͨ춢ЦΡ
·һˮͷ½Զȫһ㣬Ȼɿׯ㶵ؿʧᡣ
ׯһ·ĵܻȸǡؿڣ֪ΪΣʹҪһ㡣ŲæضĶħҲûлͷһۡ
һӣһû׷ʧõ飬ʧӰУöʧˡ
·ʲôʽĽڱʱҲҲ޷޸


138 Ĳ
ĿҶ, ׯ޷ͻ, һͷ޷װӶ, İõعҡ޷κˣֻܺԼȥ޷ԭԼ, ޷ŹԼ
պһֱŲȸѾûн, Ȼ޵, һ㿿ڴ߳
Сʧǵģ, ʵ۵ʲôˣֻ͵͵ĨᡣǰׯóĶʰڳúñܡͻȻһ, һ塣
ׯתͷŵķѵ, ȥ½ԶʱġһóͳصƬ, , 롣
Բ𣡡СεֱᣬϽڵֽƬ£һ𣬡ԲԲҡ, ҡԲ𣡡
û¡ׯɫޱ仯ľķ⣬ƽ, 翡
˵Ҳ⡣
Ϊβ⣿½Զ߽, Ƴϵ˺񣬡ʦʱ͵壬㾹ȻҴ顣, ϳȥȥ˫֡
ңׯ˫ͨ졣
½ԶһǣüһĺߵׯǰָĦıʦ˵Ϊβ⣿Ķ㲻ϲô
Ŀ⽻֯ȴͬӭˮ˿ܲκεů⡣ׯԴӭɫûκβص˵Ҳ⣬û𣿡
ԣ㲻Բ⡣½Զ˲úḧ°࣬·Ҫ̻ȥջ仰㲻˵㲻⣡
ׯ͵ץס½Զǰ½˺ֻڷֺ䣬±Ҫ˫ֽ߬ţָⷢס
ƺҪĻ½ԶϣӦ˵ҲˣҲˡ
ԣҲ½Զ˫ץסׯļͷľϣײϴ۵üͷһ
½ԶҪһ㣬Ұ㣬㲻ԲңҲⱲֻܰһԶǣ
ͷͼʹƵׯǰֱð亹ƫͷԸᡣ½Զ·˵귽ǾҲ˵һ㡣ǰ˷裬̧ͷ谵ĹУĿ⣬½ԶһĨЦҲûлӦ
ڣܲ½Զųһ·ӱ޸ϻСľݡֻħУߴ·˼ա
δű󺰣ﻹʵң˵Ƕֵȥˡ
һˣ㿴̵ʲôö
ڿһˣܲĴ˿û˻ӦƼʲô㱧ߵߡ
һţŷԻһƬҶҶ塣
ҶּȻЩĻţӶ£ææŵزŷ⡣׵СľڣöƶĤǵصľϯ޷δ˿־Ͳӵڵϣ䡣
ϺȻд
£糱ʦִΪԺҶ񲯣л
һл֮
л֮
л˼֮
ȻһԸδˣغҳܹȡĻءһȥأԸʦ곤ң
ݱ
Ҫܲץֽ첲ͣز·ڱһһ˺
ץϵңʧȥǰ⣬춯صܣô˿̵ĺ˾Ȫµһꡣһ·Ҫؿ񱼣һ·˻ߵغ
Եڣ½ԶׯһӻҡпüĶˤ飬ŵ̴Ҳ˺üء
ʱһλСħſڣ߶µʾϣһڴʴʣðϡʵڡʵڸϲߡ
δ̴Ӱѻ˵꣬ڡѵһŰ½ԶƷˤǽڣʱķѣľмɡ
С̴ŵûͷ絷⣬¸ڵħתȥ˳ǽ
ѹǣ½Զлü𺣬絶ӡӲ°͡ؿбµܲһȻϧǾȥɡ
䣬½Զһӣɨķܲסʱ죬سңվŭģ
Ŷ½ԶϸüһЦء
ֻһէ𣬽ɢܲתǰľ˫۴ʹңĽֻ޲½ԶԴҪͽһйͷ֮ޡ
ҶԴڳǽϣֻѪΧӵҧѪģѾΡ
ɱ㣡ܲң˲Ͻ˲ʲô˲ϡ޷ɱ½ԶҲҪۡಫ˫Žݺݵؿ½Զŭȣɱ㣡
½ԶȻ׾ٶңĹһӣ㽫ܲ𿪣˲ײ϶ǽҳһӡ
߹ǾϣܲſڵϣͣŻѪǻ°ȫѪµҲȾ죬۳ϸϸĺƳѪкҶ裬ܲӣֵ£˷ءҲûվץŵϵǽ£һӡ
ҶԴѵѪϣϵѪᣬ£ǻؼңҴؼҡ
һֱͷ­ڻΨֲƤһֳڵϳͻȻһɹұۡ˲Ѫķͷ­䡣
˲ϾʹĶϱۣʧȥİ֮С㣬޺׷ڵϹͷ­һ߿һߺš
ָ⽫Ҫʱңֱ.ֱڵϡ־ķһŹᴩĵĽţ߿߿ҪҪ
½Զڽϣ˵.øŽϰǱˣĵʦֵǷҵģɸûˣ
̧ܲͷ㶵ؿǰĶħȻ˿һԵֵͷ­Ҳ޷ȥ۽ǵˡ
һϦֱ˲


139 
Ŀׯ½Զ֪మ, תֻصֵľ档Сż, ԭĵ, ¾֪Ǻá
Сׯߣһظȣһ̧ͷ, Сʵ, ôô˰ǶѾúõ𣿡
ׯӴ⣬תͷߵС̧ظͷ, СΪʲôкúõģ
ǡСк, ػ, ֮ǰЦ, 㿴ҲЦϲЦ, ǡЦ, ÿҲװͰ͵ġҺ, ѪȻǰ˺ܶ಻õ, ǡ֪Ϻϲ, Ҳϲϡ
ׯҡͷ, ҲΪ˺¶ã˵Ҳã˴˱˴˰ɡ
Сţ, Ҳ֪ǰ£֪Ȼף˭ϲ硣ǰãҲһʲôԵġ磬Ϻͺðɡ
ǰŮҡĸ첲½ԶͺáŮΪϲ̤̹;Ϊ氮赭дĨȥһ˰̡
ظСԴֳһ̵㻹СȻϲ֮ϻϲص顣磬Ρϲһǰǡ
ŵ棬İ·𴩹ʱ⣬ңԶĹȥĿ𽥰罥ϨС˵Լϲǿɽѡ
Сƺ޷⡢޷ͬһ㶵ؿӼлعŬСοɵЦݣԴСԺ󳤳ɴˣϲˣһǵҪãɲԼӡϲ˺ɣȻЩ˿ζϵġǴˣΪԼΪ𡣡
СԴĸ첲ʵ˵ġΡ𣿡
Сģ̲סοЦЦأһ֡СԺˣ̸ۼ޵ĵزǵôơ
硭̸ˡ֣СĪӿһرů⣬Ҳϣ졣
ͻȻ̧߲ͷģĻҳȻȥظСĺףԼһǻš
ͻȻűƿ½Զһ̳ƴ߽ׯϵЦʱ̣Ƭ̵ůʧӰ٣ֻܵΣա
СȥŷЩһɡϵĲС뿪
硭С˿ٿ˿½ԶȲְﲻʲô
ȥɣЩ
С߳ţׯ˼֡뿪ȴ½Զһץסӻԭλá
ʦôֲˣ½ԶǰԹԵ˵ԹԵһյպơ
½Զѿ࣬˵ʲôǴʲôǴʡ࿴ķ羰Ҳ֪ܿꡣ
½Զ֣չһ§޽ǣЦһʦ־뿪ôô
ڴǰ½Զ§šȲͷҲӦҪ˵ʲôأԹκˣֻȥǵĿҶ̵ף˸á
룬ĶԴ½Զһ㣬ٺһ㡣ֲܹĿǷ˺ȻԽ棬˺ԽģԶ޷ӱܣû˿ı䡣
룬ƾһģֹܹܹ½ԶɱȻǵģ޷ŤתȶʦҶ裬һûֻܾûиı䡣
룬ܹãȻѾ˶ΣΪ˵Ρ
һעˣҲã½ԶҲãе˺Ҳáˣ˭޷ת
κõվ֣µһö𣬾Ѿע֡
½ԶδȻδ㳹ˡ
κŬͽ͡
½Զ§󱳣һֻŲյݵߣ˵ʦϲĹɽ
˳ӵһڣϤľɢݼ䡣ȴһŨصζƺǡ
ɻüͷתͷ½Զٿ˿Ĳյʵʲô
ѽ½Զ˻βյһĨЦرΪʦ׼ģʦֳٳһڣǳϤġ
յٴεݵߣŽɵһڣüϸƷƷȥʱ½ԶʦŶ
Ȼʽеĸ඼ɤۣ첻ͣظŻ·𷽲̽һĶߣƺҪе³о䶯࣬޼ɵŤͷں䣬²ֻ޾Ķġ
½Զ§սĶ˵ʦ֣úüסҵĻ㲻ңҾɱˣ֪Զҵġ
˵껹ĶǣƺĽڸŻ۽Ǽ˼ᣬ޹ʵôúô
䣬ǲ˺½Զ˺ϵյľȫϡĴоϸϸֻом䶯ơ
½Զϵľգ˱ԵĺۡĿӡǣ˫ֽסڶЦʦֲϲƣǲǸϲҵף
䣬½Զļ򣬽ѹ¡˺ڵڻصħǳЦǰɡ
ׯѾƣϱ˺ۡᴭشϱ˺·½Զȥϴ̧ͷЦᣬʣһֱܻǲǱȽϺã
ǲǱȽϺã½ԶҲԼһֱ½ԶãԭǸ½ԶǵׯǲǱȽϺãĻԳ׵׵վ½ԶĶ棬ֻ޵У˶ѡ
ʹʹ½Զɱֻ֮гޣ˶ѡ
ڣڰ塣ԭɽԽҪȥһˣֻʣɽ롣
Ȼ֪ѡ½Զעˣֻˡĵ˵۵Ļ˴˿ͱȥ·ֻʹðʻ
½Զչ§µЦ֪ҲϲЩ˵ʦǺְܹ
գ½ԶƺԡԪͨԭʼ쳣ִţ·˭ߴټලһ㣬ַ·ǲܿصִһ¡
գ½Զ밵ٴβɽΪǴδսɱѲӣƱҪ½Զļƻ
˿̣βɽһƬȷѪ½ԶɽۣˣЩʧȤԻнһٲ
нӺɱаɨˡΣ֮ʱͻȻһۺֱ³а½ԶŵؿһصѪüͷ
Ǻˣܵ»н
ɻʱһɫӰӶնԽɫâӳʣһֻɫڿͷС⻪ȥ˻۷ɣͷڣǰ買ӡǡɢ趯ڷɣ衣
Ⱥе̧ͷˣ˫ۺᡣñطȸԾľϲڲ˴󺰵Сᰣ
ɽһϮɫۣ廪üۼֹаָ߰һƱ꣬һ˼䣬һڵһ̳˺󰵾˼յĴ˵ڿڸţ
Ƕ׷Ϊ
ˡ
ɽ᰸ɽ۵½Զİ춯ء½ԶȻ䣬нתɱɽᰡ
ʵ£̼ѹС½Զ꣬δ֡У˫ɱս˲ưµľ졣˫ǿа档ϢǶ˶񶷣˭ǰ֡
ڼ˫˿инܣаǧɣɽᰵĸ첲½Զͬˣ졣
һԵİϽϡ½ԶָȥǵѪգţ
ȸڣׯĥ޲ҡͻȻСϳ϶磬˲ˣϡˣ
ѵһˤڵֶҡׯ͵ɫЩʵô£ôС˵Щ
ϡСظŬԵС˵ģ˵˺ܶѪүүҴææϹȥûȥɡ
ׯ˲СҴԵܡߵüŲȵ˼Сʯӣѵýµ˰ֿʼѪڿտܵ죬ǿŽġ
ƿţׯڣŰǰ½Զüͷ۵õΪ˿ڣʱҶ
½Զһܳ˿ڣѪֹһ򼡣ڵ˷˴׷̧ͷ
ߵ½Զǰɫû˷ŵĻң˵Ҫ˹
½ԶžʹͷӲǼһĨνЦʦϣ𣿡
ӷһ룬ҩ֮󼪡ׯҲҲʣֱֱǵ˿ڣʵ˿Ϊʲô޷ϣ
½Զδش𣬵ͷƳµѪԼϣĽաۣôôô
شҡׯЩ˵Ҳ˼֡
½Զ˫ֻԷȥЦ𣿡
شң˿Ϊʲô
δ˵꣬ߵĻ㱻½Զȫ»ȥòɿĴ½ԶͷĶͷֺһ㣬˵ⲻҪ˿ҪǣҪ㡣
ƿ½Զѻ˿˿ڳȻûͺúˣˡ
ҴҶˣҴȥ½ԶĿһֱֱ߳ʧϵЦ˲ɢѹںѪʱϣǰ亹ֱӡڴ·ۣӡ˷ܡ


140 
ɽ᰻, ½Զ, ÿζǴƽ, ˭ҲռϷ硣βɽһΪɺɻأ½Զռݡ
ȥǰ취, ٳٲܿͨԪ֮, ӡӰǿҡգӰ֪ǰ\սм۾ƥ, õ۾Ըɽᰡ
۾ɢ䰵Ѿ, õ۾ߵ䡣òٴɫ, ھա
ڴӷ½ԶͣѰҵ۾ߵ䡣ڸһ۾ߵĲʱ, ͻȻ˸Ŵۺ⡣
ŨĺǱʲôɢ, ԼХ, Ȼ, 쳹աڿ̷ɵѪҲƺɵʲô, ׷׷ɻ½Զ
½Զɽ֮, Ž²ݵĵ, ӷ϶нӿϺɫĺˮɺѪԶ죬Хӿڣֱ½Զվɽͷں, һźӰ
ɱеĽʿѪڵɱ½Զħڶ֮ףһϤӰִìĿ࣬ͷ½Զȵħڵˣ
½ԶֶӸ¸ˣһЦ֮Աǡ˿˷ĵƾ㣿ĶҲֱӱ
ߵĸ߰벻һƺͷֱһ뷸ϡ˶½Զʢ˵Ŀ⣬ȻԾطԭΪѾͳΣܹվĶһϸ¡˿ֻ̣ҪһЦ׾ٵشݻЩʱսţѴҡ
ʿˮųìָⷢסӲͷƤǿѾ֧صѷǾΪβң
½ԶǺϾģ治ɫضһԵİһм񡣰ᣬ˵а㲻ϧĪҪҲ顣
䣬ʧɽۡת۱аǰħ粻µĺ˿̳˶ԵС
½ԶͺϷһƳɽ¶񶷣΢΢׶Ӥ˵ǳˡ
ħսƲɵӤһ򵱹أɨаһգ۱롣
аھڽڰˣһ½Զɾüͷ΢ϧ̾ÿϧôô֪ôأ
˵̾ϢĻȴǴЦ½Զһֻ֣Ѫ̷ɣȴ˵һо
ͻȻضɽҡ½Զ²ЩʧˤȥԶһˣԴݿ֮ƣء֮ɽͷԱɣɽӿ½Զ
ھУһŵĺӰѹɽþָìſףƺƵɱħ
½Զ𷽲ŵЦ벻мһˣȺþü˵Ǻθ顣
˼֮ʣͻȻϤűĵһޣЦüˣħ𡣡
½ԶѭȥֻʵĺȻһģӰӣһգŰ׺멣һ˰Żбһֻè˵ͷŰèԴ̧ͷɽͷ½Զ΢Ʒȴû˿
½Զĵ۾ߣˡ
½ԶۣӲм˷ŭ㣬ձɱ㣬ģ
ɽ£ħ˲ءþһǧа˺ĲþӤ౻ɱ֮òסħͬѲͬɱ֮
˫ʤѷ֣Բ꣬˹ظеİèҰ׵һʤȯյЦݣԽգͬһ
䣬ֻ۾ߴӺ캣𣬽財֣۾߱С½Զ״ᡣͻȻһϮУʴʡ
ɽֹ½Զսءս۾Ѿ֣һУþʧɽ᰼ƣһƣͬʧ
º캣ȥʪߵء½Զʧֽ۾߹ˣ϶֮˾°ܽŭһݻ˶ɽͷ
̸βɽһսֻɽԺ˴ħͷоˡ
ʶ˺֡
ħ½Զҹ칬Ϊݵ㣬ռ֮
ɽᰣ̨֮
ԣ³ǣפ֮
Ϊӣа档ֻ֪ǶħϷ
\ĵ۾߱ļһףһᣬʣ½Զ˿ڰǰùǣ޲Եͷǡָⷢùǵʱ飬ȻƬָֻ̺ԭ״
ʢŭ֮ʣ̴ӲΡΡ˵ϣ칬ԳǶʹߡ
ҡ½Զ֮ԱǣһͳԪ֮н׵°ܽҲҲԷ۾Ҳ䡣
˵ʱֲΡΡϣ˵۾ߵϢϲҲòˡ
ӵĶδζ׼زŭϡȻ۾Ҫ½Զ
̺һλ߽ԵУ½ԶҾħһ𣬽ʱħԸԳ
Ҫţ½ԶѾûκκɫ
˲ݵ֣ħƽƽȷǾ͡ʶǲǡ֡
½ԶĬδ˼ܷõ۾ߣȫħһ֮䡣
ꡱһùٴѡ½Զҧضǰ֮ˣɱ⽥
ʱпϣʱаèιʳͻȻһź紵ţһȺѪ˻ƽлŸ¡
ԲеʳḧèԴЦˡ
䣬ҷأҫۡϵӰ½ԶۿɱˣĮȻأ
µЦһϣһֳԴӭ½ԶɱĿ⣬ط꣬ħѵɣ
˿ӻ½Զһۣ˫ȭŭͻȻһӰߵǰע⡣
ŵؿ˴ĵһѣιԡˣ˵ģҰһģһ
½ԶɵԼЦôΪʦû
½ԶûлӦ˵ȥ
ֹ˵Ĳӣ˵½Զܡָ⻬˵գǿһˣ΢ͳֻҪˣ˭ν
ҡ½Զٴΰһۣдģġ
ⳡײ⣬½ԶԡԪͨԭʼݻ˵۾ߡǰͭзơԵþԳԪ֮кֽףΪҪѯʣΪβκγԪ֮Ӱ
²֮ʣͻȻƿ½Զ̧ͷ߽ˣüͷ˲չЦʦôˡ
ׯʳУЩŭߵ½Զߣʳзϣм˵㲻ҩԼ㣬
½ԶŻɫ˿ȴһĺӣׯĥˣҩ̫ˣֲιҡ
ϽˡׯһԴ
ʦ֡½ԶģʮʮĽίǰǺҺҩģȴҡ
ׯһεҡͷĶ䣬غСŹԣҩòá
ͻȻƳһԵͭ½ԶһĨЦ뿪ׯţͷҺȣʦִӦһºòã
£ׯͷϲЦҲ֪ʲô£쾯ض
ʦȴӦҡ
ҴӦ㣬ҩ
½Զӹ룬һ꣬ټһ𡣷뽫ׯУÿÿ࣬ʦֿҡ
ĥ˵ıׯʵڱȲ½ԶֺЦһ£սȥ
ݼɢŨĲҩ㣬˵ĺҼ١½ԶׯɿĴ°͡գߣס˱һͳɳƣʦֿŵˡ
䣬½Զׯһգ۱ͭǰͭӳŽӵˣ½Զׯ˷泯ͭԼ
ׯǰ֪ͭ½ԶҪʲôҲҪ
ΪʲôҪ½Զ§˿Ϸ죬·Ҫͷ䣬ǹɹ˵ĶסĶҧ˱ʦֲ뿴Լģ𣿡
ׯ糺죬һһª˵ӡžиݣ֪һԼ֪½ԶڿǲĿ˰ʱ᲻һ˿
žеʧ𽥰֮˼еһĿĵ˰̣һ䶯ơʼϸϸս֪Ϊϵ˰̣˵İ
Ҳׯƫͷٿˣƿ½Զæ·뿪
Ȼδվ½ԶѸץס²Ÿոմõ·ǿȵ˵ʦ֣ôһκòã
ܾ֪ܾ
̵ĴϢڵڻصׯͷͭ½ԶƫƫȤζ°ֱͣӾнӰ
ڵϣϥЩۡڳܲסȻǰ㣬ײͭϣȵļڱľ棬̲סһҼٵĺȫ棬һ컵İ
ʵûκˣһ̱½ԶУ˯ȥ½ԶŻѵˣЦЦͷõѪһڣתȥ˺Ȫϴ
ǻƻʱ֣ׯ֫ۡԴԺʱͻȻһоѡ
½Զվſڣ°ЩڵϣдŲ˼飬Ŵϵ˺ʦ֡ôôСˣ


141 
½ԶԾؿŴ˯, ֻϵׯȻСʱģɿ, ֫ϻи˯ѵĳ, ԼͯеС
߹½Զʵ˭ѽ
ʦ㲻ϵˣ½Զǰؿ, ȾֿЦ, ǡ
½Զ˼Ÿǰһ֪СׯǵĹϵȲŵ
ǡİˣǷޡ
Сׯŵô, һ, ں˵ʲô
½Զ, Ҳˣæȥǰ, óľСֶǰ, ľеݵǰ, ֱ׳㵱͸ҵ, ˵ϱ, ԸԸϱ
Сׯɵؿ˿, ٵͷľԧ塣óϸ, Сֹȷҵ壬Ҹģ
ţ½ԶصͷӦ˿ԥ
ǰһӣСׯҲˣŻľ, ʣôʦְ
½ԶľиǺ÷ŵһԣػش𣺡ΪǶǲɵĵѽǴʦ֣Ǹʦܣ㻽Сţһʦ֡
ɣСׯԴʮİӣôȥ޵ˣҵ֪ǵҡ
Ҳ֪½Զׯʱһֻ֪֪걻ȡ
̸䣬ӴҴææһűԹصڰڣҵĺڡԺڵҰѵˣˣ
һ汧ԹһߣСׯʱŵһʵ͵ĺӣ
½Զ򵥽һ飬Ƕھǰһ˵Ҳ֪ʲôԹ޵һۣСׯǰΪ
ĿǰӦûʲô⡣ѵüͷࡣ
½ԶٿСׯʵʦΪαСʱӣΪʲôǵã
ǵ۾߶Ӱ죬ħȻްͨˣܲ˵۾ߵħͯԭɡʧȥ䣬СӣȻֻ͵ļˣ浹ûʲôë
ʲôʱָܻ
죬ħɢ˾ͺˡ
ӹҩ䣬뿪ͻȻĵػͷ½ԶڿСˣ˺Щûõġ
½Զ˵û⣬ԹӵҲת۾ûˣһ㽫˵ס
˿ϲصؿǰСׯĪϲȸԾδׯʱģزˣµʳָ˴Сׯա
ǰңνǴԹ塣Сׯһǽ֦ҶµӡԴͷͬҪ׳ЩкͯӤʣ
ȻǲԼֵģͬһֱׯׯĽֻƺǡ硱˼
˿½Զ²شһߴһЦʱˡȻѽ
½Զ̲סЦ˫СׯգͬԲһ㣬ͣƵġǾûϲʦ֣ÿɰѽ
Сׯɸ״û½ԶƲֵˡֻ˫аԼΪ˫ֽǰ޷޵ءߡһʾԼĲ
ձЩˣ½Զ۵ϻŲʵ·˫˫Ŷ˵ʦֵ·ˣûСӵ·硭Ҵȥɡ
䣬½ԶСׯһת۱˲÷̣˼ÿ·ڽеػơ
ֵͷܶ½ԶȥϢȺҡűСׯһĸ״źӹеĸоϡȤ½Զ̲סһ·Ц
СׯЦΪЦԼ¡סֻ䣬ššߺЦ
úúãҲЦ֤Цˡ½ԶģǿЦĿĵعš
СׯƳֱǺ«˫۵ʱŹ⡣˫Ĵ½Զļ򣬺Ǻ«Ǻ«ҪǺ«
½Զѭ߿Ǻ«ʵʦֲǲ𣿡
˭˵Ҳ𣿡Сׯ죬ҵҳԣֻǶһʮ£׵ɡ
½Զһ׵УһǺ«һֱһǺ«
Ϊʲôѽ
Ϊ˵ĥ־˵ʲô콫˹Ҳȡȣʲôˡ
Сׯһ߿Уһߺ˵ʲô½Զֹ˵ǧߵҪңҳһٱ飬һٱأ
½Զ̲סЦ˳üۼ䵴źɽɫᣬ˵һ£ҾͲߵ
Сׯﻹھ׽ɽ髣Żմ½Զһڣġ࣡һͬԵǣͬκλǡܣֻСӶԴ˱ʾлѡ
Ǻ«δ꣬Сׯֿʯأٴ½Զļ򣬺ʯʯҪʯ񣡡
½ԶʯںĽϡСׯһʯ񣬵ݸ½Զһ룬ʵ𣿡
ÿʱڣܻᱸִֺʯ԰øСׯ˾ֵڴˡ
½ԶһһʯСׯʱ㻻һΪʦģԵģң
˵գͷʯƵİһ졣˼£ͻͻͻһ
ѧ𣿡СׯչʾԼľС
ͬʱʣµʯͳŵùĹĵģȻͬʱһֱļˣСׯЦǰ
ǵһμׯһκСӲƤ¡½Զֿ˻Ц⿴ЦС
СׯЦûֱڽϡһתͷ½ԶרעضԼͻȻֱӴյǰЦÿϱҵǼ˸ˡ
ͻȻׯÿ½Զ˲ǺӶ쵽ӣֱܵγѪׯһοúÿصͷ˵Ͱ͵С죺桢ҡңġĺÿ𣿡
󡰺ÿֻּԼü·ʵڴ˵ַ֡·һֱֻׯ֣롰ÿմϱߡ
ѽСׯִս˼֣ϸضϺʵݣðװ׾۾ҲÿˮӯӯġǼëСӣһһĺڲǺÿˡ
˵־ûƵģСׯҼÿҳ㣬ڶˡ
ͷ·ʢһҷĻ½ԶǵͷɬֻϲػӦʦҲܺÿҼÿˡ
֪Сׯһؿ϶Ȼ˵㣬òǿԵģԼ֪һֱʮ
ׯ˿ǫĻش½Զ̲סЦԭʦ֣СʱͳôͬҪЩʶʦ־ͺˡ
ҲˣҲԹˡСׯ˫ֳ°ͣ̾˿мʧ䣬ʵʲôʱһؼҰ
ʦֲϲһ𣿡½ԶԴ
ǣԺһؼҰﲻҼңҴϰߣ볤㣬ҵȻϴңҴдƽϣҲ
½Զ֪ôش⣬һѾʧˣĵͳһ
һطʦ֡ʦֻܺһˡ½Զתͷ֣صʦԶһ𣿡
Сׯ˿߳ܣչȥ˫ִ½Զϣô˵Ŀ֤ȻϱԺһáҵĴţҵˡʲôҶ㡣ҳ˵кҪ֪ϱԺ㣬ί
½ԶĵģĻŭŵա
˴죬ͻȻЩ⣬Сׯſ½ԶͷҺ˯ˡ
ãҴȥ
һգۣ˱صȸǡ½Զŵؽ˷ڴϣһԵıϡ
Сׯţ۾ֱֱضͷĺ½Զߣģʵôˣ
ᳪ𣿡Сׯתͷ½Զʵ
½Զգգۣʵػأᡣ
ǰǳ߸˯ģôҲѽҳСׯʮؿɤӣس˯
ѽֻˣſŲҲ˰ˣڿ
ųţСׯС֮ǳǳĺ½ԶŻִ˲ƣسŸ裬һת۱˯Żʵ߱ӡһĵظǺãһ̲ס͵Ц
ǰ˯ĺͯ½ԶůůģͷһڻӼһ̲ǡ
뵽ûнɣׯȻͬ볯Ϊ٣ȢһλͻĴҹ㡣޶ȻСǽʳȵһ
ˣׯҲû½Զˡ
ͻȻ֪ңȸԾҺãǻˡ
Ȼ˯һСׯ˸߿𴲡ֻһˣ½Զ뿪ˡ
֪̫ۣ˯̫ԵʡԴۣмٸƵġ
ԭΪһͺˣȻʹءôԴҪֹסɾʹϲð亹ڻҵʶУԼм
ͷ۵죬еĻʹŵĻʱȻֹ֪ۣ۵ľ
ͷ­űߣɱֻعǵӰģǡ
ʦѽ½ԶЦ
̧ͷпǵӰغϣأһˡ
㡭Сׯŵؿ½Զ˫ͨ죬㣿
½Զɫ֣ü߹ǣȴ˦޷ˮʧȥǵس½Զɱҳ㣡㣡ΪʲôҪɱ
ûУʦ֣ûɱ㡣½Զŵشչץסĸ첲еؽͣûɱ㣬ʦң
ѽþȫƿ½Զץϵͷҹȥ
ɱҳ㣡Ϊʲôɱҳ㣡ɱ
״εس½Զ󺰣ֻ˵仰һ㣬ֻһ㡣
½Զ޴ҪӽûɱģʦҲܻɱġ
ʲô½ԶץסĻһ㣬еǲңһҳúˡĲңûɱ
Сׯƺȫ½ԶĻ˫ľؿŵ棬ʧһظɱ˳㣬ɱ˳㣬㡣
ƹ½ԶӴһȥﲻֹͣҪȥҳ㣬ڵҾȥҳ㣬ڵҡ
½Զʶңǲ壬æ׷ȥץסĸ첲˵ʦһᣬҰҳòã
߿СׯƴѣȭҪ½Զ˻ߵغɱ˳㣬Һ㣡㣡
½Զ˺ҧ򣬵ͺˣͬʱѪϽȥҹӡ
ʦ˵ĲɱġҰҳֺòã
СׯƺĻ񾭽ŲͣظҺ㣬Һ㣬ɱ˳㣬Һ㣡
ʶڱУˮӿۿɳơ˵˼㣬ҲܲסǷݱʹЪ˹ҧ½Զĸ첲
Ȼ½Զ˿֣Ҫ뿪Ҫȥҳ߲ˡ޺šţȴȻӲ½ԶĻץֱߵĶ½Զϡ
Ӧץŵʲôʱ½ԶѪֹüˣѾûѪļֵؿԼ˫֣
ɱˣ
ɱˣɱˣɱɱˣش޺ɱɱˣɱˣɱˣ
½Զžʹһ鰲ûû£ûµġʦûɱˣ㿴ˣûɱˡ
Сׯٵشɴ˫ۣԼմѪ˫֣Ƿظɱˣɱɱˣɱˣ
ͣѣ·Ҫȫþһ㡣½Զĺʹ٣˲˿˺ѪԽԽࡣʵûа취½ԶʹСׯڣ˯
һƬǽ壬ڴߣѾһʱüͷš
Σ½Զǰ˿ڲݲݰã㷲ʵ
һɽ˼Ƭ̣˵ûаգҿûȥҹ𳤡
½ԶӣɫţˣֻԴת
ʩ̽Сׯ״صҡͷҡȣļ䱻˴۸ģѾȫӰˡ
½ԶŹͨ뺰˵ׯƣеѪҺ۵ͷ޷ܵϢ
𳤣ôʦ֣
Ĭãų̋ϻԵĺͯڻ˵Ҫֻһӡ
½ԶˣŹĴ𰸡ֻҪׯоȣϵɽ»Ҫ
˫ȭܿصط尾صãϢ
˵Ҫׯֻһӡļ䡣
С½Զ촭ܻ취Ҫʲôԣܲܣ취
ǰ˵󼸾仰Ѿȫ΢˳
ҡͷ̾Ψһķӣļңֻܳ¡
۱̨ɫ԰׵ͯüͷ鶯Ĳֻ̣»
½ԶҲ̲סˣ˵ׯߴ֪˵ʲôҲ֪ô졣ׯ۵֣δѿ
ãڽƵġŻԲѵׯÿһ۶ϣ䣬˼ǡ
ʦ֡½ԶḧׯĶͷҪģڹѪУüۣЦݣĵ˵ԶԼõЩŵ
ǰء΢ţ𣿡


142 ʧ
½Զδׯ, ն, һľͷڴϡ޷۽, ɢһɢɳϷ·ûκʻϢֻǽӲصͷǶɡ
½ԶҩҨһ״˴, ݵ, ǣᣬΨŵ
ʦ, ҩ, , 졣
ׯԴûзӦ½ԶҲ˵, ½Զĵغ, , ʦֹ, ҩ𣿡
ľȻǵͷ, ۾Ҳգһ, һոյ̺õľż½Զһһغ, 죬һںòã
ãׯ̧ͷ죬û˿Ӧ½Զذҩ
ǰ, ½ԶǼһᣬǿеᣬſǻʦˣһں𣿡
ǣׯգһ۾ſ졣½Զ˷ӦתΪϲι
һҩιׯ촽ҩˮȴȫ½ԶϽӲãȥʦ֣ȥ𣿡
ιȥҩҪ½Զĵ£һһؽȥˣֻ˵ҪˤӴ½Զ˵ˣ֪ظ˶ٱ飬
һ㷴Ӧׯ¹һʵĶȻҩˮѾˡ½Զ˼ˣοЦЦҨһףݵ촽ʦ֣ٺһڰɡ죬ղһ
ҩˮ½Զι˰졣οȴƣǰûκ֪ׯۿͨһɬӿջסˣׯ£һԵıӸǺá緽һĵءһһءۣ˯˾ۡ
ׯû˼䣬Ҳûκ֪һ㡣½Զʹãֻҡͷ
죬Զ
ļ䱻˴۸ģȻԶ˴󣬵˺ȴʵʵڵĴڡЩ˺Ĵ̼ʵ̫󣬳ܹܵĳ̶ȣԼĽ˭ȥҲ
½Զ֪ׯĽᣬ֪޷ԭԼɽֻ֪ѣʲôˡ
һڣֻչʲôӦԼųڽ⡣
ʲôã½ԶϾׯȥ硣Сغǻׯܻʱ˵Լ
ϴʱ½Զֻת·ׯ㻬ҩȪ֪Ȫˮӿ
ǳԷʱ򣬱̿Ҳ֪˵ֱ½ԶԾȵӽȡʱʺѾѪס
֪ۣеĲʺûκηӦȴʱʱܿѡ½ԶѾȫľϣǻչˡ
·˵Ŀѣһ޶ԣһƣׯһľżҪ˯ߡÿֻǰ½Զָۣȵ½Զûʱۡ½Զҹ䲻˯Լ˯ˣׯᱻڱ
ҹׯضһ£½Զۿһȷ²Ÿұۡ˷һһ
ǾþƵģ½Զ峿ѵЩһſۣ㿴ׯվǰΪʶһָ½ԶϲߵߣЦʦôԼѽ
ȻŸ˵꣬ׯʲôʱϵЦʱ̣ȥץסֺʲô
ׯѾˮݣţ
Ȼתͷ½Զûκι⣬ľȻüѡܡ
ѹĵһ仰ȴ½ԶáŵŭΣͻȻӿŨŨɬ½ԶᱧԴοû£ûˣڡ
ӽ˿ڰú½Զأʵô£
ӽɴսҩ䣬̾˿ʶһָֹۡ
ʲô˼½ԶҪأšϢ֪ԼǷܽйׯһлϢ
˼ǣԼǸ磬Ѿֹ˺Ĵ̼ܹһ㷴ӦĶԼ޷ܵĶַʽתʹࡣ
½Զׯ֣Ҫȡһ˿֧ŵΪλ
ùһԵ̨ȥһ飬˵ñ򣬽ණ޵ȻǸɾˣҲԶȱһ顣
½ԶĬã۽Ƿ죬ڷɤʵָܻ
ҡͷδ
е򲻽˺üӣׯòĵط½Զ˫ѾѪ˿ء
ׯʶϲ½ԶţҪ½ԶŪ˿ڣֻɿ
ߵǰׯűīֽⷢ㶡½Զߵߣʲôôá
ׯԭãŲȥ½ԶһҲ뿪Щ֣ʶ󷴶ϲ½Զ˲õɣ½ԶֻôοԼ
ͲɣֻҪԼͺá
½ԶƬʱׯǽǣϸϸ½Զվ󣬼ԾϽǿļ
ǰɺ촥Ŀģ½ԶסѪмԹۣһʱ֪Ǻ
ׯǽǣ֮ǰ½Զļ͵͵ؿŲͣʵѪƬɺ죬Ǻǵζƺ޿赲ײΧǣö֮سĽ磬ѿһϸ죬Ѫӷӿ졣
һСӵѪֱѸ£·ҪĿĺ죬ƺǼģƺϤġ
أ
۵ĺ죬Ũҵȣ̵¶ȣܹ
ʱ˭Ѫ
ŵεδڵϵѪѪȪӿʲôԴʺʱȴͻȻֹסǵ˿ڡ
ƬˣͻȻտյġ
½Զ˺Ӱׯ˿ϣȻȴ˿ϣͣҡͷֱૣҪңҪҡ
Ҳ㣬ѪֹסҾֺòã½ԶǱ΢ؿԼֹѪ
ׯᣬջԼĸ첲½ԶĴд˿־ͷ˽ţֱӽ
½ԶȻһδ̵ؾþˡŪׯ˿ڲץţ²ɿֱׯ˺Լ
ŸոշģֽŵġׯȫϣҲܱ˵Ĵ˿ѿʩׯ˯
˺ǳǳƺΪûκϢ½ԶòͷĶͷ۲ۣҾˣҾͲˡػҲ㣬˭ϴ裬ι
½Զ˵ֲ˲䣬ƵİƭģҲ᲻ò㣬ҲûôġѹòãѹҲϴ裬ʲôҶѹɣʦ֣ˡ
ȻպׯƺǶԿѪĳ˷ִָšþһа취ŪԼˤ鱭ƬֱۣԴײǽʵûзӾͻҧԼֱѾûһĺõط˰̾ӡ
½ԶԼֿǿҡ½Զߣһӽ֮ڣ󺰴зԴײǽ
½ԶΪ˰ֻЭ֮Ѫ̸գۡȻκֻһ˫ۣ½ԶͷһܼͻȻˡ
תͷһׯֽϵ˿ڣྻɴʱѪȾ졣
½ԶĶֽסŽҪƿ½Զţϵ˿˺ѿѪֹ
һ߹˼˿ڣһӦׯѡ½Զһץһֽסƣ߳ʦ֣ĥˣѹ𣿡
ׯǽϥ½ԶԴǽϣˡײǽ½ԶֻǽϹ
ׯƺҲ˲ԣʼײǽֻǵǽϲԴ棬Ŭ˲ڽﲻ֡
˭֣Ϊʲô±֣
ֻ֪ǺԴиڸҪܱ֣ܱǸ˷֡
Ǹˣ˭
ֻ֪֪ҪǸġ
ѵð˼죬½Զ󣬿ıӰо۵ۡʱˣǵõվһ£һϮʤѩһͷƷ⣬仪
ֻݸһЦ½ԶȻ
ºʱģӰ½Զ֪δĵֻˣֻǲĶѡ
½Զ䣬üͷսסׯظοÿһ˿ڡΪ֪Щ˿ڣ
ķˣΪʱӡ
½ԶԼ˱УعʱׯϸϸԴֿʼײǽ
Ծ˲ׯĿܣ߹ǿļ
ׯһµС̧ͷ½Զ˷㶵ؿգۡ
½Զ˿ϻߣûκζΪԼģһׯûƿԼͻȻϲĦգÿһϧ
Ȼׯļʱ˲ԡׯϿʼð亹ܿصϸϸ촽ѪɫҲü١
½ԶЩĻţץסׯļͷϸϸؼϡͻȻƳһĨ۵ĺ죬ˮīһ㽥Ⱦɢ
½Զץĸ첲䣬úͣ͡˫۵÷죬ûڷ
ׯ֪õ룬һһ.ֱۣʮȫûѪ
Ѫɿȥҹӣ½ԶֲܿƵׯĸ첲ץס֪ۡׯԼڲƾвԼҾͰֶˡ
ׯ˵ʲôֻһĴɵͣظſҪңҪҡ
Żܻ½ԶίૺͻȻˡÿׯԶᡣ
ץׯڻԼǰ˿ڣϽù
ӽȫȡ󣬻ʪ͸ʵڲ֪ׯڶʲô˲̵˺Լ
ҾáӽʰúûǰһϽ뿪֣صȰ½Զ㻹ɣѾʺˡȥʵڲ֪ʲô
˼ǡ½Զҧأͷٳٲ˵һ˵ͳˣҲʧȥʦˡ
һֱھܾʵһֱڷϣ˿˱ֱ⣬Լŵʵ뿪ң
ǣѾٺˡҲ֪һֱڿĽӴҪǿֻƷ
У½Զ̲סᣬЩӵĽƣԹۣǿšΪ֪ׯһֱһ𣬲ܻǲǵֻҪ߾͹ˡ
òʱκ˶²ֺͱĺһ¡˵ǿӲĻȴûκεĻֺ̿;ڲһأִؾܾҲͬ⡣
ȴҲûһеľġ
ҹׯͻȻֱۣȥ½Զǣŵ˿ڣ۵ͷĿѣ
ӸҪúˣǰǰ˿ϵٶƽ˻࣬ţȾ˾ơ
ϵׯֻ˿Ѿ˺ѡ˼ׯϣҲֱۣ˿ż
½ԶׯһȻׯδᣬִߡ
½Զ۵˫۽գоѪҺ˲˿ںʹؿڸׯ
ׯ߳ţ㱵ߡ֪ģ֪ô߲Ŷԣֻһ
ʧǵૣȥҪȥ뿪ߡ
ʦ֣½Զһ˿ڣһֳǽڣǰ亹ֱžʹ߽ĵغȥ˯ˣһȥ𣿡
ׯҡͷԹǰߣȥҪȥȥ
ҹɫ谵ׯµ·겻ġһٿصľżǰС
ǰһǽݣţ㱻½Զڻˣȥˣ벻ţ󺰴У½ԶֹͣҪȥ
½Զǰ½ѾѪʪ٣ׯ˿ڣֵġ
ҧأׯķᱧߡ
þˣׯŻ˯šڶֺܿѹһѱ
½Զһҹδߣ˯ſ׼ӽʱׯͻȻޣ־½Զ󺰣ҪҪң
½ԶڴߣذҪֹˤ´
Ȼǽӽׯǿܣͣˣѵһˤȥ
ׯؿ޺ӴǽǣϥǺҪҪ߿Ҫң
½Զվǰ޴ؿҲȥʦҲ㣬ұ֤
ƺ½ԶĻׯڽšɵţеڲͣػص
½Զ֣ΪɱģΪҪסĲӣšԴȻѪĽ񡭡˭һ
룬羪֮ɥ֮Ȯǽ£ԴģҪɱң㣬Ҫɱҡ£㣬¡
½Զϵڵ굽ģһŭȻһ䣬ʱƷǽķѡ
ׯŵô󺰴УҲڵϣ½Զͷͷݺڵϣƺǲ֪һײŵ档
̰ϣ˿̱ϥظ½ԶͷͷһͣѪǸģҪɱңҸͷҪɱңҪɱҡ
½Զ˫ֽȭׯ˿̵ģֻԼǧһۡӽĵϵѪģ
۵ģ½Զ˫ͨ죬Ѫ𣬼þȫź˵ȥɽᰣ׼һ¡
˵Ҳ۵ģÿһֶһѵϣ˿Σ˿ֻǧٿס
±ˣ±ơ
ֻ֮ˣׯ
ָׯĻᣬĥ
Ĭãͳƺһĵڻĺ˻Ƶȥ


143 Ϥ֮
Ư˿, 紵°, Ҷ, ӷһűߡ
½ԶӴ߳С˫ۺףɳƵظ˵ҪĶѾ׼ˡ
ĿԶׯ, ½Զüͷǰܻͷһ, ܿ޷Ƶıѹ
ϧׯһֱˣûп˿û, ԺҲûС
½ԶĬص˵ͷ, Сһׯ, ¡
ǿտҰ½Զվׯ, Ҫÿһ綼
, ѹǡׯվؽľͷ, , ˿趯, վ, ȴǧꡣ
½ԶıӰ, ۡ·ֻҪԲע⣬˱ữһ̣ɢҲץѰˡ
紵Я֮䡣һ, һڡһǰһں֮ңȴ緭ɽԽ롣;˵ݡ
½Զҧҧ۽Ƿ졣һһׯӽסׯ۾һֻ§ԴԴ߾ȫظׯºϢĶ㣬ȴ۵ޡ
òׯѹźıݣֿڶ֣ص˵Ұ㡣
ÿһεһ
˲ΪûκηӦ½ԶεؿЦţÿһεĿ󣬡ǵҡ
˵ЦЦԼҲţֻ˵һ䣬Լ
ôȸǵһһˡ
޵Եøտ½ԶڴߣָḧͷһϷ
̧ͷ˿ڣµİѾڷŵԭλΪοôңԶûŲΪοǧ֮⣿ԼⳡӦһ˵ģΪûأ
һƬš
һĳš
ˮ֮˳ѹţ
½Զоﾲÿ£İÿ£ѹֵÿ¡ȥ
Ѿҹ½ԶʧǵسšҪȥǸӦߵˣҲصĻǾͿһۣͿһҲá
ҹ칬ϵ̨פص˶Ϊħ͵ϮԴʱȴֻħһˡ

½Զһֻȥ˿ɱۡɽʱ˲أʣ޼
˫ǿ棬л
˾˸ˣɽڳǽϣµϿκβ첲ϵ˿ڲͣѪ½ԶϥڶǽϣŻнϵ˿ڱ˺ѣƻҲðѪ
ǿ̾ʹ½ԶؿڣͷµεδѪΪλĿ˵ħ𣬳ҹϮΪɽᰵϾֻ죬˶ԵУ̡
֪λħ𣬳ҹоֻΪһ¡
½ԶŽվĿȴᶨƺĿĲݡŶٷɽᰣҼһۡ
ƽղһħ֮һ˲ָ¡˭˭ͬ⡣
˽Ϊģ˭λħ𣬴˿̵ĻУмֵ
ɽ᰷ܿߣ롣
½ԶջнҧأĿǾ
ʱվڳµգ˫á½Զಫļƣʵ൱ٴȥֻ
½Զ֮£ġ½ԶҹͻȻΪ˭Ҫ˭ˣֻɽ֪
½ԶׯԺ˶Ѿʧˣվڳ⡣ӵׯͷڴٳδʧ䣬󺮷罫ڴϣɢһȥصı
ն½ԶׯĹϵҲֻ֪֡ǽһȴ֪֮䣬ִš
ִŵԹһоִŵҪֻΪһۡ
Ϊ½ԶҹˣԺֻҲˡ֪½ԶˡõܾúܾǰΪׯҪ
ֹһΣֹ˿̡
뵽ղݡ½Զ飬ꡣ½Զˣֺγǣˡ
Сᰡ̧ͷɽᰣ磬ȥɡ
˻Ȼ׷Ȱ衣
˵СᰣҲǰ취ˣϽҽΡ˿ֻҲ˵òᣬƲʲôˣȥһ۰ɡ
ɽᰵ˿ڱţѪȾĬãһ飬ĮȻ飬עڣֻҪӽ̨ʮ֮ڣ⣬뿪⡣
½ԶջػнԥӦְɡ
ڣ½Զ˲ϵҴܵ˳̨С˺˿ڻʹѪһ˺Ǽˣֻᱻ
֪ׯסڶ᷿֪ɽָһŮչˡҪۼŷģׯ׿ڻشųʲôûĺóԡסϰϰ߸ȥ
ֱײţ˿ڵѪһءȣ˶᷿ŲͻȻͣסˣƺǽӰճյվ档
Сľ½ԶһؿڡΨֺĳˣΨ˶
¹ܣڵϡϵűĿ˯ǳǳɫϣͣɽ¡ּȪ
͸ɫ½ԶˣͻȻЦǿŵİȵ¡Ŀ⸧ׯÿһ磬Ķͷűϡ
̤¶ڼˡ
Цٴ˳
ҽȥׯѣׯƿӽڴ£ǽڣš
ܾúܾǰҲ
ׯ۰Ͱ͵˷˷ſڣֻΪֺˣҲ˿ڴµ˳ꡣ
̫ˣõʱ꣬ʱɫǷҹһʡ
ҪˣʲôҪֻҪׯڣھͺãֻҪܿ
½Զ󣬱ûгȥնڴ£ڵׯ𴲴¡źҩ߹ԹԵôҽΡ
ڣׯ˯˾ڴţׯ˱¿šһǽ֮ôȴôԶ
գׯ￴ϵֽʣִдд֣ȴų̂Ůҩȥˣ˿ֻһˡ
ǱԼȥ̨ׯ뿪µ½Զ߳ԷûӦһʱļȥлš
ׯţǰŸһż㿴ɽһӰ½ԶŸո㱻֣δü굽ɽׯ󺰣š顱عϡ
ֿ־ӿͷׯľŻ£˫ֱͷͷ޺ˣˣɱˣҪɱңҪɱң
ׯʩ֮󣬲ŻԴӿ½ԶԺׯһֱ˭ʲô
ׯúóŷͻȻ̧ͷƳ£ĿӶڵϣָŴ⺰ˣɱңɱˣ
ɽѭָŵķ򿴹ȥѾûӰȷʵ˴ڹҴ˺ܾáɫûˣʦֿˡ
ׯŴãץɽᰵ䣬ﲻͣð亹һգգؿţȷûٳ԰ġ
˿̣½Զϡûģ멶һ飬ϵ졣
죬ׯüζ½ԶӰ˱Ŷ½Զ˾ͻطأè׽½ԶεؿЦʦ֣ػضܿġ
󲻹㣬һ㡣Ҳô
ɽᰣڲ֪˵ЩʲôׯĽħǷƵʼղ˵ص㡣
ɽԼ¶ãղԥԥؿʵСᰣǸΣ㻹ǵ𣿡
ɽڰǰҷأͷҲ̧ܼȻǵá
ı̺Ͷһʯӣϲʵǡǣ㡢㡭
ȴô˵ڣյͷƵģ²֪ԡɽͷҲ̧ëֹֽ˹˪ûҪ¾ͳȥɣҺæ
ŶҴˣǸջϵЦ⣬ֲĵؿ˿ɽᰣͷ뿪
ҹԡڣׯʯڽ˯šڽ½ԶǴɽôչ˵ģһѾ߷̣ʱʱȸǿⲻȱˣׯŶչˣ粽롣ȻɽȻȲҲ˷ܲİɡ
½ԶͷΣԡڲһ˯ŵˣȵƬ̻ûеȵӽǰ
½ԶЩһ˽뿴ׯīˮʪŶͷţѩǳ۵˰̱鲼ȫ͸һĿޣƶһ֦ͷʢš뵵ˮУѩɣŵ˼¡ǵ˰̣ҲԵø
½Զӳ񣬶ׯյıͻȻȥס겻ܲ˵Ʒúϵ˰̣ÿһ˿ڡ
ջסˣֻǳ˯˴ˮȻδׯԼˣһۿ½Զߣƿ˶㵽ԡصһǡ
뻽ׯͻȻʶԡͷһۣԼŴơʱǺ죬ȲҴˣշֻ̡ת½Զ㡢͵ϴ裬޳ܣ
û͵½Զֱ׳˿ԼкιͲףͿˡ
㣡ׯһһףԡʱϲڣȴ..ر˿⣬һЩϲ㡢㣬ֱ޳ܣ
ѰܺǳĻׯ㡱˺һҳ޳ܡظһ顣
½ԶһԵݸׯһһϴ衣
ׯҴϣһʱ֮䣬½ԶĿ־˿̽Ա߳ռݡ˶ΪҪɱˣ˿ֻ͵ϴ޳֮ͽȥ
·ׯžü˼棬ҵĺָŴźȵȥ
½ԶͷɥƲƲ죬޹ؿ˿ׯŶһͷԵ߳š
ׯ½Զ񣬺òƽϢŭʱȼǸʲô˼ԼǱ͵ˣôίһ
һ·գׯصﵹͷ˯¡ͻȻ뵽Ѿ½ԶüˡÿÿܵؾҪɱҪԶԶġ
ΪʲôҪɱ֪
Ǹ˭ʲôϲʶ֪ΪʲôẦ£
ֻܸоԴиڲͣظ뿪ǸˣǸҪɱǸ˭֪ΪʲôҪǸģ֪
ǸҪɱΪʲôЩ춼֣ԡ˯ˣǼѵĻᣬΪûУ
Ϊѵüʱ𣿺ǣǸ˿ûɱ˼ΪΣ
ׯű˯ˣüͷ΢ƺҲ¡
ȷϵ˯ź½ԶŻŵؽӽڴߣؿׯӣֹȥĶͷȶǼģѵˮ
½ԶűرׯЩ̿ʵܹˡٲһ£ֻ»衣
Ķԡеˮű죬ƱǼ⡣½Զڱǹĵķҷɵ
ҧӱ̧ͷյׯǰίᣬСૣҵҶȡ
ҹ֮½Զ뿪̨ħ硣ѪʮΣ½Զֻȡ̬ʵҪ̲סߵׯǰ
һգׯûп½ԶӰϰߵǿҲ֪ڿʲôûпģͿģȱһ顣
ɽҲûУݶҲûУׯҲ֪ʲô
ҲͲˡׯͥԺʯϣһֳֻ°ͣԶ۾Ҳգƺڵʲôһ̱ĳ
֮ʣͻȻĽŲ־ϲתͷȴһİӰϵľϲ˲ʧ䡣
˱Űè޵ḧè΢вʦֽɺã
ׯһ˫ȻˡĪĺϤƺ


144 ȥ
ׯⱲļʱ
ɽϲȵ, ڳɵϡҶڷ, ӹ, ˮ
ˣ°, ЩΪ֪ļ, Լ޷԰ε, ɢڷ, ࡣ

Ե
ǧٸѭѭհѪͷʹѡ
һֻڰٰѵס࣬һһ, Ҫ顣
оһӣȫеѪҺǵϸƴرȥѪⶼǸӿʼ, һһ, һһ, 롣
оϵĹͷڱһ޳˫Ƚʯǿӣҧ촽ŲǱرͷʹޡ
, ﲻʮʱ, ȴ˼ꡣ
ʱǰԭǸ˳, Ǹ˽ʲô֣ϲʶǸ˻᲻ɱ
Ǹ޴⣬޴
˻ʵظ߱, ɱأ
ôûɡ
ֻҪǸ˵ɱš
񣬶Ǹ
Ǹ޹ίȴĳ
·ڿһֿ·ȫĺȰĿ⽫˹
Ǹңѩ࣬ˮࡣ´컣֮貣綬ҾƷҷ
ʶǸˣھҹһ˼˽ۡ
ΪǸ˻ǲȫȻİ
Ǹ˵ɱôʹѿʼɡ
ţܹΪء
ʧ䵽ڴһֱǸٴγ֡
ҲãڼɽҲá
֪ģ˶ܺܿҵ
絽ĺһֱڵš
ûаֲͺԹǸ˳ٳûг֡
һֱȥǸ˲Ըѣ֪Ҳá
ȰȣȵϲȵҷɵɽϣȵҶ˵ڶء
ȵһľϢ
ׯɽ᰿е֪ģ֡
˿̣һ֪˸࣬йԼйǸٳδˡ
ׯ𳤵״ӣδĲţδ֮סһϦ䣬ʦĺܲҶ裬ȫǸ˲̵ɱ
Ϊò˫ȽԱǸ˴ݻ٣ϹƣΪΪǸˡ
УΪǸ˵Ľϵسܿ.֮衣صʦĹǰںѵͷ­ǰĿȪΪйĹߣ裬.Ū
ʦͺѳΪ¶ʱȴǸ¹͵Ϻ棬֪ܵΪһҡβ
ǸɱаǸĹЦݡԼ޳ܵڿ.³.ġ̵ġӭϵģһĻĻ
֪Ǹ˵֣֪Ǹ˵ݣȴûеľϲȸԾ
Ǹˣħ֮ɣɱʦɱѣеĶħ½Զ
ׯץʯָⷢף֪ʱۡ𷽲Ż֪ܵҪʶ½Զѡŵڴ˿ȫŻĶĿں䣬ֻⷢࡣ
뵽ǸԭΪֿġҵġġ
ɵ֪½Զ¡Ȼãֳȵıǿ.ȼյıɡ
ȻɱʦѵĳѣȻ. Լĳ˲֮ģֱ޿ɾҩ
տĺԺڣҶƮ㣬ϲȵ١
ȵ˳ٳδ
˵ϨڷС
˱ȥ˫ȡ
ĵһŻҽ
Կűʹׯḧаè
һһʮظׯ£ֻɫЩ
½ԶԲɡ԰ׯı£׮׮ġ
ׯյĳޡׯĵжԡһ֦ݸׯΨ֮ĸ飬ֻδᡣ
ѵõĺչɽͷʧˮɢһƬҶˮʱׯ̧ͷԡ
ǰƽݣûκβûκ
ׯźϵı˫Ȼ󣬺˽ࡣ
Ĭã߹ĺз׽ŷŵĻ¡
ˮһʧʱׯɤӣʵػӦ֣Ը⡱
ҹ꣬ľҵײڵĵѾʪһ飬û˹شûߡ
½ԶԵº󣬱ͣظ̨ûҲɡ޷ܴꡣѾʪ͸īź󱳺Ͷͷ
ϵĺׯĲ壬վڴûŽ룬Ѿ˼֮
ľʱȴִϲûˡΪԼ̫ۻˣȵؿı飬ȴȷûˡ
ʹֹͣˣ½ԶƿţյԷûκӰѰ˺ü飬ֱߵСʧİ֮㣬ŵȥ֪롣
ģӦʧ˺ܾá
½Զ˫۷죬еĻű˷ߺޡתŶֱ
š顱ر߿½Զһڰϣ谵Уȴؿǰɺ˫ۡ
½ԶŭĿԲü裬һֻĿȴʳޡͳ±ѩҡ
ɽᰴӰ̧ͷǲɫؿǰʢŭˣĻΪ
½Զǰ㣬ڰϵָⷢסĺ˵а˷ϯе˺Σֻµѱߡ
ѹŸŭ𣬴³һ仰ħ֮ݣƾ棬вȴŪİ֮˶ѰҵǷˣڿڱ΢󣬡ҡ
ɽӭ׺ݵĿ⣬ɫ䵭ĮȻˣֽҵġ
Һˡ½Զͫ΢أ޵ѪɫĿ͸Ũصɱ⣬Ҫȥ
ˡɽ᰼ͷܼ
ģ
ͣԸȥҲ㣬ȥҵԸ뿪Ҳ
½ԶǺ˴ׯɽȴٳٲ˵˽ţֻһ߻ǣһ̱Ҫԡ
˿ڴģ£˿𡣡
Ѫɫֵͫɱ⣬½ԶɽһۣسѰׯ
籩֦꣬۶ϵڵϡҶľлһ˲֪
½Զн˼ׯȥĵطڷ̨ģͣ
ǱĿʱͷѪеڳߴߴڷ̨¹سԪ磬βɽб䡣
½ԶţӿѪһڿݾˮȣ·Ҳ
ѪҲˣŷǰͣȶǰβɽ½ԶȻ䣬
ŻǵѪͻȻ˺ǳ⣬ίͣڿвԣ⻹ôһζ𣬽
еһǰһһ겻ᣬһ㷲ͻȻһӰӵķ϶ۣγһ˹ǡ
ýӲߵ½Զǰֵݸһš½Զؽӹ˲ʧ
Ҵɨһݣ½Զ˫ַܲس̨Ѫɻظ
죬캣ѪĵʵƱ˳졣βɽϣӤħһԣȴ½Զ
ɽµĺУаôԴսһ
ŨأѪɽӹһ˻У½ԶӺڰӤм䡣
ɽɪɪ멷½Զɽۣɫ䣬ü𺣬ͫɱ塣ԶɽϵӰأ
½Զ棬԰뿿ϡϹɲЦɴ½ʦĪ⸱ӣֻ»ŵʦ֡ϷӮˣʦȻ档
ٹŪ飬ٸһӡˣ֮ء½Զ˫ֽȭûƽʢ˵ĴֻļٵķƵŭ
ȻյѲ޸֮ʦܣеӭ½ԶɱݾĿ⣬ͷ仳аèȻҲҪ¡
ɣҺúħ̧֣ƴþִìǰ춯ء
½Զ͵ءҡһ˫۳ɱŨڵɱ⡣
һ̣˫棬Ѫ졣
걻Ⱦɺ죬캣ϷճѪҺ֫ʬħò紵
Ӥ밵ң½Զǧӽþδ㻯һҡ
һֱŰèһֳ°ͣϴ½Զɱ֮ˡҡͷ̾Ȼħ֮ҹϵȷ
ǣϷˡ
ȣȷѪѪҺѰİ֮˶궯½Զֻ䣬ħǧɣ˵о
ҹĻӳ졣½Զ֮ܣɱ硣էȻһɫӰƮȻ䣬˲½ԶȫĿ⡣
űӰ½Զϲеɱʱϲ˴󺰵ʦ֣
½Զϲ񣬷·ڰԨƳһĨůع⣬Ϊ
ȸԾϲüңҲûʲôׯҪҲûʲôׯֵûϲ
ҵˣڱʹӵıԵΪҲֿľҵǿŴġ
˵ΪׯԲҪ
Ϊׯġ
ϲصسׯȥһ֪ãã쳾Уׯɵת
ȫȰĻŭš
ʽСʢ貽޵Ĵ
䱦غǻţ۰š
ȴԭʼĻߡ
ҹı꣬ŻѪȡ
統걻ľıݺڵϼ̤ʹ
ͷᴩŵĽС
ʦ֣
½ԶؿͱѪȾ˽½ڷе䡣ŵػһׯ統ǰ㡣֪ΪʹãȻ
ׯԽĳþȫ.½Զദнг
ɫҰ׵½ԶȻħɱʦѣΪءĳеģҲҪͬھ
ħ𣿡½Զͷľګظһ飬üͷ˵ѪҺ·Ҫŵ˿ɣׯħÿһ񾭶ۡ
ľȻ̧ͷӭϤݣȴİıĵĿ⡣
˵СŰʦ֣㻹ǵ𣿡
Ȼǵá
ׯ˵⻰ʱƽĺ
ɱ飬ֶβ̣˭˲֪ħĳΪӣħ
ǵң
½ԶЦЦĨЦҲûԨ⣬ûĴûо춯صϲ
ֻлް޹š
ǵңɱңƭңƭҡ
ᴩŵĽͱ˼֣ȡĲݵĺݾ
ǸԶ£Ҳɽ֮ϣҲһƬսС
ҲҪׯʱϲʱ򣬸Եһ
ʱʹΪŴ.֮ʹ
ǲ֪ʹв.λãӦ˺ѷεۡ
ʱ˿ڲ֮Σû壬ׯ֪ģȴƫƫദͱȻҵҪ
ԭӦ۵ȥʹÿءȻڵģϵڵϴǱشڴˣӴħ
Ӧۣ᲻ĵغǰԡ
˶ôΪģׯ
½ԶҲôΪģĻ

½ԶͷЦЦԹׯɻѾȫû½Զš
ɱҵġ
½Զ̧ͷ˫۲Ѫ˿ӡӲ°ͣ޼ɵߵţռÿһأȡǡ
˽½Զüű裬ָׯסָ֣Ĳͺׯֱϣʶһ¡
½Զþȫץׯ֣ҪҲͱ˿ڡѪⱻ˺ѣѪȪӿϻ۳ϸ
ɤӣԨдε磬ëȻ˵ׯҲ˵ׯĳˣĳЩˡ˵꣬Ҳ˵˿̡
ɱҡǾͼӱɣ
մѪֲϷׯֱϰסϵĺۼȻͬᴩŵĽУѽѣ䡣
нӦһչʽ
ûǺεȵ·ԼҲû뵽
βɽɽͷôأԼҲˡ·ֻ½Զɥɽͷ
Ϊλʧܣؿڿ˼ȻƻδȬû𣿡
ɽڰǰĪ⣬ƺԶҡͷδ
ɱոӼѣοŪõвʣһеİèֵؽһ
ȻǣһĨЦҲĺһˡ
Ⱪ꣬ڲð
½Զׯڴϣ˺һͷʧȥǵҰޣ·Ҫһһ𿪿ҧ
˺ڻ谵ĵڻصĻׯƴֿڴŤ򽻲
½Զǰ˿ڻѪȾ˱졣̵Ѫεδׯ.ļϣŢĵط󻬡
ûκ´棬ûκûκİֻҰްǿӲؽ.ţֻдֱĶþȫĳ۳ҡ
˶Ա˴˵˿ӶؿѪ˹ʣѪۡѪڵų˰֮ܵľ룬ȴԿԽĺṵ
ǲԶ룬ȴҲɿ·ֻʹݰ̣ʻ
һһԸһ޶ԡ
½Զׯ󣬸ߴϢסĶ˱ҧɳƵͳǿȰ˵㰮ҡ
ׯ촽ҧѪŭ裬޲ý½ԶǧСڶħ³лȿ.֮Լ
ǿ̺ĵм֣Ρ
þȫغֱײׯ촽ҪԼҧá½Զһס°ֱ࣬Լ˵㰮ң
Σ
㰮ҵģʦ֣㰮ҵģ
ޣׯĵһڣ֪ܵؿڿ˵е裬Ҳ䣡
Ҳ䣬Ҳ䣬Ҳ䡭
ͬӽˮСʯӣں浴
½ԶؿŭĿԲˣԴһƬհףֻڲͣػصص
һиׯ½ԶĽݺݵسһ⣬´Ѿ˺ƬһԵıϣ޵
½Զعѣ˹ȥץׯĽ󣬽ϻشϣѹ½롣
ͷķׯڴͷЪ˹סĲӺҲ䣬˭䣿ң˭䣿𣡡
ׯԴ˺ѵʹϢԨֱ½ԶһǺȵ㲻֣㲻ӣȲԶȲ
ĵӣ˴˿ڲͱȥ˭ù˭õꡣ
̶˺Ԩ١
˭Ƕħ˭Ǹ
˭ǳߣ˭ȸ
Ѿֲˡ
½ԶܿصƺҪʹׯӿİ⣬ƺҪԭʼĽڽݰׯÿһ硣
ׯ߷غ㰮ңֻܰҡ㲻ңҾɱǣ㰮ң㰮ңԶң
ı̲ݱεزۣһ֦ͷ֣мñ
ֹ
Ϣ
ȥ顣


145 ʧ
ƻʧ, ½Զǵûׯɽ᰼ֱ͵ʴ, Ȼʵ൱, 㶦ԣȥ, ǶħԿʵںĲ, һҪɡ
˼, ˵ĵ˱ѡкĿռ, ½Զĵˡ
δҹζ࣬ǰݷù
İĸ¥ڣľ, ҡȣĿת, ·Զ⸱ģ
𳤡ȿ, ɽ, ðãҲҪѽ
Ŀδ
Բ⣬˵ֻ°ˮ, ʵڲӲǰݷ, Ҳ֪Ͳص˰ɡ
˵, еİèؽһڸ͡
ɽᰲĿӣӦ͵
ڣء˳Ĭ, ƺһĸս
գۣж˶٣˵֣ӡ
ɽԶһۣͬɻ뾪ȡ
յ̣䣬ƺ͸ƾúصʷ
ħϵѪħӡš
һﻩȻƺ³
谵ĹߣɱգӰ
𣬱ɢ̸䣬ɱᡣ
һ±ϳ˥
Դ֣ؿ»𳤶ˡ
ҡȣۣûӦҲûоܾ
Ѿ뿪ľš֨ѽһرգڻָ䡣
̨ڣɽڰǰϷһܼδġ
ݺɽüͷǰӡ¡ܼݸԣ䡣
ԽӹܼɨһۣϣаèĵЦʿΪħǱΪ鱳ʦţˡ
һ裬֣Ҷ¡Ӳݺɣ֦Գк䣬紵㣬ںҶ͵С
ڵ
裬ڷˮ
ͷһأᣱ䣬ббعšһƬǽ壬˺ɴССƬ׵ĺڵĽһ
ϵıīֽȫ£ľηϻǡϵĽƣڵϡ
.ڵڻصգղֹ
ׯ˫ֱѹڴϣͷ£ҧֱҲԸϵĺۼѪӡΣֱǿӲקȳֹ.衣
֪˶ٸҹ֪˶ٸطֱۣԶֻһ¡
Ķħִŵÿһ缡ڶħӡǣִŵڵÿһطմ˹ҵϢ
ҹҹʱʱ̡̿ħִŵҪ飬ĸԸؽݳ裬֮¡ִŵҪֵַһ䷢йĹߣִŵҪ˳ӵһһ˵Ұ㡱
ɣҲǺִŵˡ
ִŵصִֿŵز
ûûҹػƣڼӲİϣϣڱĵϡҵĴ齣ȪС
ׯû˰ļ䣬½Զִŵ.ȱʧҪԭʼĽ֮İ
֮ǣ֮.˪
ݷԭʼİںֱײŤڽбζ
֮ࡣ
֮ǰȥµɸѡֻʣֱ׵֡
ǰǺޡ
һãʮֱǵꡣ
ǻجج˳ػķţӻšΪ˭֪ܶԷôھԼߵġ
ڰѪ衣
¡塢ֶ꣬ε֤ݰĴں;춯ء
öԷԼֻصǰǺޡ
ȻڶĥͱУǵİͬˮīΡ
˴ڣ˳
ǵİǺޣ޾ǰ
һݰʧˣԨһ
Ҫô
ƭ̤ԼģѡУΨԼ
㱻ݻһУΪòʦѣȥĸԸ
Ҫô
㱻һһΣԹ޻ڣԼĺޱؽȥ
̤Լϣܷ˵ĥԼɣԲ
װף˿ǡǡǺߡ
ׯ½Զ˯ŵʱܹΣÿζϻȥֱ϶
Ըڴʱҧű죬طʱҧֱۡ޷ƿǿӲĶħĵֿϡ
ԸΪۻУħһٵİĿ档
˲Ը
½Զһֳͷ̧ͷһס°࣬ҧ촽
΢ĶҪӶײ顣˫ɢ׹.ҵĺУ
֮.ӿϺ䣬ϡ
ׯۣظоĸֿһһ顣
ƿǶʱþȫҧͷ
שϵҰ꣬ճ̵Ѫš
½ԶׯԼס°ͱͷֱԼ
˷ߺ޵Ŀ⣬޲ýԼ̻һѵ½Զϣͣ¶ֻú۵ġ
սׯŭӵ˫ۣüͷԭׯܿѹϧǡ
ָׯϸϸĦѾϵ˿ڣָһ£ƺϡɤӣͳίƷŭʵô𣿡
Ǹ
һģһһңһĴ⣬һĲࡣ
ׯӭ½Զȴûеʱ
һ뵽½ԶΪһ뵽½ԶΪ
޲ڳ˫Իƭ۾˱޳ܵ£ȴװģʵŻ
ׯҧأͷϻˣ½ԶϢң϶Ҿޱȶģ
ָͻȻһͣ½Զ˽ԭء仰·ɵģŻļ˿ǧٿס
Ħׯı۵ջ֡ԼҲϸ΢ͳػص𣿡
ׯ˳ȥԼ·ׯϡѹʹ뱯ݣһĨŤЦװƵ˵ұȥϴɡ
ʡׯ·˦Ӹһ½˵Ĵ齺ͱĵ񣬸űӺһǹߡ
½Զã·һʯڴϡűԵׯͻȻû͵
ЩǿװׯĿӶΪׯģ֮İΪׯǰģԶ
ΪӦһӣԶ
ȻҲ֪ׯƭܶΣһΰɡ
ͻȻûǰӵ棬ׯ˵ˣġ
ǰѽ˺ѷεذͷεذصذѡ
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Ψһŵ㣬ΨһֵҫĹԣΨһĴͽףΨһҷǰׯ
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İӴ˵˻ҽͬ˶ڴлһҡ
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ǰģİǰġ
٣İǸɾİɡ
ׯԡһɾϣСڸϵ˿ҩ
⼸ֵüɹСġׯİ飬Ǽһᣬ˵磬ôˣϷųȥʱ񻹿ˣǲǳˣǺͺðɺòã
ͺãׯŵؿС£Һͺã
СЩżΪԼ˵ׯˣǡǣ磬ǰ˵㲻Ϊ϶˴¶˵ġǸôãҪٳ˺òã
ׯǰŮֱ˼飬飿ҺãУǿҽиãҽиã
Сʵò֪ǺãᶼΣļǣϾమѽ
మ
ׯֻǶҪħУǿȱ³.ȳ裬ͽమ
ΪòɱʦѡΪаΪһᰮɱ޹кգҾܻϲһħͬΪӣʦϲӦġ
ǡ
ˡׯȻظ첲˵͵ģϽİɡԻúô㣬Ǩŭ㡣㻹ִ£Ҳ顣
СͷСίصͷӦ֪ˣ硣
ׯƳһֱۣ۾ͻȻһǣ𷽲Ż˵ЩԴˣٿ޾Ͳÿˡ˵ˣǸ
ûûС
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ׯָȥС۽ǵᣬһ£˵Ҷˣųʲô
СΪЦϽŮš
յĲȸʢׯһ۱Ƽ⡣ϲؼһƵƵͷƵζһģһ
Сͣظׯвˣһ߼һ߿ʵϲ𣿡
ׯȻЦһݵСߣڰϣҾϲˣѾûгԵˡ
Сת˽ҲЦóԣ
ǰ˭ѽ
ׯв˵ĶͻȻͣסĲ˳һģӰôݡԼһվСϲصвˡ
˭
룬ǵӰģ
ׯüͷԴʹշѰҡҡͷ
Ӧʶ˰ɡ
СҰҰ죬ζ촽ׯвˣ˵ԭб˻һΪֻϻء
ʲô
ׯͣ¼в˵ĶΪԼˣСϾ
Сûпׯ񣬼˵˵ϻѽֻ
ѵһϤڵϡׯʳ˲ʧӰ٣齣ҳԱˣ°ɡ
౻һȭܣׯڴϣС˵ֻ½ԶˣųԵ½Զģ
·ںʲ²
ׯл㱰ۻ˯ĨģӰٴγ֣ǸվСǸת뿴ĳࡣ
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ʶ
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üͷҧ³ġ֣·˵һλһΡһֻ޴С¹ׯ䣬ѹѻѪĳ嶯
ׯ.¶ļڶϵءһ˵Ұ㣬ҲſġҶģҰ࣬ҶֵģԶ㡣ҲҺòã
׵޵ڣֻкյž죬ǳǳڶ
֮⣬ûκλӦ
Ǵ֮ׯҲðࡣֻСʱ嵯٣ǿд֡
ż½ԶˣҲԶԶؿһۡûǿʲô͵ɡ
ׯϣŲ֪ӺδĹżʱ䡣űͻȻƿ½ԶһСӽϴЦ
ׯ̧ͷһۣͷ飬Ӷ
½Զߵǰԥһ£ߣСӵݹϲüҵ˵ʦֳʯɡ
ׯǵͷ飬ͷҲ̧
½ԶѾʯһװڵׯʯղ֪˺ͼ
ʦֳ԰ɣҰˡϴ˺ܶ飬ӦáӦòģ
ׯûһֳ°ͣһŹ飬ûκδ˼
½Զβŵӣͽ㣬ʯݵׯǰʦֳһ°ɣʵġĻٸһ𣿡
Ķͣǰƣׯֻú˵ĲӬһӡ½Զشչֺʦֳһ𣿳һ𣬳󣬳һɡ
㷳
ׯ̲ס鳯½ԶȹȥͷݺݵϡСӵڵϣʯضǡ
û˵ģʧֲŴ½ԶͻȻӿһ˿ΣſڽԼδ⣬ȴô˵ڡ
½Զз޾ĿɬʹüͷԴׯǰ޳Ȼׯֻ˵ģŪ
ɤӣѹԵĿǻС૵ʦϢɣˡ
ׯ½Զ뿪ıӰͻȻơǸͷɥıӰСһ㣬㱼ͻȻǸģӰ
һ㶼ģΪ鲻Խ
½ԶԴʧǵش޵߳ոײţһڵϡ
ԴðǣԹǱ˻𣿡
ն񽥽۽½Զǰ֮󣬺ȻǼһᣬٴģ
ץŹӵ֣ããץ˸ľһ㣬ʵͷʦ֡ʦ֡
һ·СҵˣеĿɬίӿ˲Լݣ˲̬𣬴˿Ǳشޡ
ʦĲˣˡ
ӿǰ޵ˣͻȻЩۡ俴½Զĳ˿̿½ԶڸֱײͷѪ¶
½Զļ򣬴ذ˺ˣˣȥ˵һ˵𣿡
½Զֹס˿ֱҲϵᣬС˵˵ģֲˡ
ڹӵĲ»޹һеĻҽˢɾƺ¼Ƿݾģ߱ૣңҲᰮģԶ
½Զ棬ׯ̸δ˽ţ˿־壬˵ġ·һȴеͽȺڽֺ³ٳٲ
һ߸ׯʩ룬һƳ۲飬ػص˵ʦ⼸鲻ѽ
ׯЦһһնѡ
ʦǵǰ𣿶ǰӡǵö٣
ׯ̧ͷһۣ࣬Ҳػ롣
ǲ壬ԼǵСһЩڿڵ¡
ǵǷ𣿡
ָָһɽˮ
Сһ𻭵ġ
ܡ
ׯһڷϡ
ΪʲôܣԼļ䵽׼ǵöأ
ҼǵҡҵһС
֮أ
ţ
ׯ⣬ɻؿŹӡ
ӲŲæׯʩ롣
ý̽࣬˵ɣ֪Ϊʲôû𣿡
ׯŹӣĬδ
ׯ֣ϣĴʻɶ

ƺܾǰҲô
ؿڸ
˵ҵĶ㡱
ׯڴϣһֱŹӵĻǸģ
ʹָؿڣǿҵײţʲô֮
ʲô˭
ׯץǰ½˯㱼俴һӰߵ¡
ۣ𣿡
ţ
½Զؿ齡
ʦôû˯
ׯۣĵʵϻ𣿡
ۡ
½ԶԴĿⰮ˵ÿһ磬¶ڱϲգǲࡣ
۵Ĳ
ׯûᣬ½Զ
ھ½Զվԭأվׯǳǳĺ
ȴãС߽ڴ֮ǰһرסׯڶ֣صૡ
ʦ֣Ұ㡣


146 ʱ
ڳŴ̱ǵζ, һƬճɺ졣Ѫߵεδڵ, һϸ, שʡ
˹ǱѪҺ࣬նۿŹĺ⡣
һ粱ӡ
½ԶһŲ, ǵѪδɡӡ޼ɵռ, ̸, ߽䶯
Ѿǵ, 졣
С
ŸոѹӡʹϢ
βɽĳԪѾռݡ
½Զǿ̾ʹƣħǰβɽ
, Ѫ졣
ɽ֣شĦħ
һս, ½Զʧȥ˳Ԫ֮
ƻزһ롣
, Ѿɲ½Զ֡оӡӰ, ޷ӡ֮²þҪȥ\ˡ
뵽½ԶԳЦһ
Ȼʧȥ˳Ԫ֮, ǱԵ˲, ͨһĽ硪

Ӧһ׹⣬ׯŴ
Լǵõ, ½Զļƻٶݣָξʮİա
Թۣ£ֻҪѰ˰Ҫ뿪
ׯĦӦ, ĽŲתͷСŲĬƬ̣Сȥ
Сһ£תΪϲϽ²յüЦرܱ˵ȥϡ
⻹ׯЩһҪ½ԶСļˣΪǺͺˡ
ʦ֣
½Զһգ۵ع͸Ϲˣδűϲػһ޷ƵȸԾϴЦüӯӯѵõĺ顣
ߵׯǰ£һҵءֿԴǰˡ
ҡ
⿪
ׯƳһ۽ϵ
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⿪
ׯδش𣬱˼ֲ͡
½ԶסׯĽָĦϵǡ
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޲ýȫͳ˫ţׯڵõ˵Ĵ޲ýеѪգصأѪůֿ
ͺޱظׯ
ĴڣҲΪ
ָ⴫Ϥ¶ȣ½Զ˫ֱׯСȣůͱĽġ
ͷС
Ҫ뿪Һ𣿡
ׯĪƣῴ½Զֿϵģûһ˿ǵ񣬺ڿֿ
ϲΪ̬֮⣬Ϊÿÿӭ½ԶĿ⣬ܻǸģӰ
½Զţȵ¶ȫڵ·ҲΪů죬ƺҪɤ
ׯ꣬㲻ǲǣ
½ԶĬţԸشҲһش
á
ׯͱõֽþȫݺݵȡ
㲻ҾҶȡ
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á
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žડһϿʧ
½Զָׯȵ࣬ḧƺϣʵ۲ۣҸҩ𣿡
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ׯת⣬½ԶѾ꣬ûбҪˡ
½ԶԶׯָͣڼϣ˵ĵط
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ܲ㣬ߣҸҩʦ֡
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ׯ˯ˣ½Զͻ͵͵ظűӵǡСİصʵʵׯ֣ׯ
ׯˣ½ԶήϢׯ
Ҳصӣ˺ܾáõ½Զһνӵʲôʱ޼ӣׯ˫ȣ塣
һȥأ˼֮
ûĽׯж硣ȸѾˣȻҲڣһв磬ӳȥֱ졣
һڵּС·ǰСдգ̫ҲҲ
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֪˶ãС·֮ʵʵɳۡͻȻ䣬Ƽհ㣬Ȼʡ
ׯǰһʵ¥
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ͻȻһŮ⴫
ׯɻ̧ͷѭȥ
ֻ˲ʧһֻСȸǰΡ
ң㲻ǵˣ
СȸΧׯתȦһϮģʮ߰Ů
ׯƬ̣ȻڰȹһֻСȸĪ
ǵֻСȸħѪİˣĪײҵ˴˵\ĸѪ

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䣬ׯ㿴ǰϣһλӣīɫűߣڵϣһϮҷءųȣĵҡΡʤѩһƬ޺¸ѩɽ֮
Ȼׯа롣
СȸյѪߣĸ첲ҡΣߴߴָָׯ
Ѫ̧ۿׯĿһɨԭ㡣
˿˼䣬Ѫһֳ°ͣһҡȣø߸ϵ˵жȻ鱾ȻҪǡ
ѪɨһׯζǳЦ
Сӵġ
ԥƬ̣Цδɢ
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ǰˣ
СȸѪգĻûûСĶ޲͸¶˵ܣ·ֻаѪûħѪ
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ׯǰѪг˼
ĳֻѪܰһ¡
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뿪ħ硣
Įɷ½ԶΧҹݡ
ʿ׿Զҹķ̨³ǣüͷ
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Ѫȫ׷ˣ˼Ԫǲ˼ɵ£羰
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ȻѡˣǱͷ
ʿ׵֪½ԶҪͨĽ磬ȻҪһ֮
գմӹ
񲻱գҪʮʱճ˿ɲף½Զʧȥ֮İץ˾͸١
һȡѪ

ʿױ߱˼ʱԶͻȻһźӰϮаôƺƵа֣޾
ʿһа٣ʽȡþɱ֮սݡ
˫սʱͻȻʽСʿ̧ͷһɽЮֹ˼Ԫ뿪Įɷ塣
ãмˡʿսһУ׷ɽᰵӰȥ
̨ĳǽ⣬ɪɳ졣
ʿɽᰵ˶ţѪֺá
˽ǲ
пʿЦʿϣúÿڵܹǣܿʦһۡ

ʿ˫ͨ죬ȫȻûĿŵĳģ
ɽ᰿żɽ𳤣˲Ϊ㡣ֻҪܽĻ֣ʹ˹ɽ֣ħǱΪ飬ʦԻᰲȻ
䣬˼Ԫɽ
ʿ׿ɫҰһϢĹ˼ԪڲҲһۡ
ӻͳһƿǻ֡
ƿӦɽϸһƿ˸ĺ⡣ɽԶһۣˡ
˼ԪŻʿףһĻں䣬ֿ־ţ˲Ҫ
ʿ״ǰڹ˼Ԫߣסַף˫ֲܿƵطЦƿ޵˵Ԫûû£ǻؼҡ
˼Ԫ̧ۣʿ׵˿ػʦ𡪡
δأӿѪ籬ƵˮסճѪҺʿϣļ
߱Ѫģֹͣˡ
㶵ؿǰˣһ׵˿ڣһֻᴩ
ʿͻȻ˹ȥֶŹ˼Ԫ˿ڣͣػԪѣҪ˯ԪǻؼˣԪ
ѪָߣϸɳϪˮ
ʿ׿Ŷ²סѪ˫۽յˡ챯ʹѽû¶ȣŹ˼ԪԴͣغ
һԹ۵˻˵Դǵдʡ
ɽᰳ𳤣ƶбպǣΪ
Ƶʿ𳤣Ƿǲ֣Ϊһ˽ʦšʵأϣúɡ
ʿ׹ڵϣŹ˼Ԫʱͷʹ࣬ʱЦ
ѪҺ˼ԪһͬɢնغʲôǷǶԴƶ񣬲߸·ˣ
ɽѵóŭɫȻΪϲһˣΪԼ˽飬Ϳ´𣿡
ϲ
ʿײŵظһ飬ͻȻЦ˫ֽŹ˼ԪԴɥʧǵغ
ҶͲһʱĸ飡
ܲ
ʿױ˼ԪʧǵߣŢˤ
ںȼеĲöܶһ
ʿ׽˼ԪڴϣĶͷ·ֻ˯һ㡣
Ԫ˯һᣬȥһػ굤Ǵһ˾ܼˣԺҲûֿܷˡ
ʿ뿪ڷ䵹ﲻͣૣػ굤ػ굤أģģػ굤ػ굤
ӱҵϢ
紵ľҷشᣡ
Ҷˮ㣬᣷һСƿڵϡ
žડһƿˤ飬ĻƤС๾ߡ
ʿ׻겻ؼңһһֹһ߶ˡ
ҹݣעȴĮɷĴ
Ž£ڻҽС
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ʱ
ׯһ飬Ҳ˵Ҫʮˣͱһˣ
üͷвζ
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Ĭã˵һԣ񰵾Уʱĳӣǡһˡ
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Ŀ䣬ؿеͻȻס
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ϣһҽ̴ϵ
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ׯ׻ӦοЦᶨȻôδɡ
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ǣӦһºʹݵЦߵ
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ׯһƿҩ裬ڶʱʱָ
ׯӹҩƿͻȻһƣڵϡ
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ׯͷʹ˾
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Ъ
İһƢ
ׯе·ϣŽֱС֣ͯͻȻůůġ
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˭
ͻȻһģĻ档
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˵Ҫںɢһ˭ˣ
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ԴۣׯŬҪǸеӰŬؼЩԭò
룬ԴҪըһ㡣
δ֪Դը
ͻȻһУ˼
ׯ̧ͷһһλСУͣ
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СׯĲӣޡׯС󱳰ҺˮԺãѾС˰
ͷϵĶˮʱ͵ˣׯûκڵСתͷͿ˰̣..ǰħצ
Сŵֹס˿˫裬ŵغ
һλ˿޿ܹСмصл̧ͷҲׯϵ˰̣ŵ첻֪ԡ
һСһְסСԴЩµˣƳׯСл
ׯ˵ͷԴֻȥ


147 
ɫҩڻ, һů֫ٺȴһֻһǧֻС, Ѫ䶯, һֻֻ·޼ɵؿҧׯѪ⡣
ġ
ׯ, ÿһͷ·𱻻ö, ߷áÿһѪ
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ʪһƬ, Ҳơ
ׯҧűһǣŲг
ȫѪܣԼ䶯
һһ, Ϻ¡
ʶУׯǰһƬڡ
㱼, ֿĨģӰ
С, ںɽ, ͥԺڴ齡
˭
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ģңԶ
꽥ȥ, 翵Ļ޵ξС
֣ҪץסӰӡ
˭Ƿʶ
Ȼ죬ȴκ
ȫʹƺƵ, Ҳ̧첲
ճʧУڿеڱϡ
ιȥ
ʱмΧš
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࣬üͷһ֣˼ºӡ
ʱ˻һʱšһ¡
Сҳʵôˣ
ջ֣ĬƬ̣ҡͷϿܸоô
СԴʵǵǲ
Ӵ𣺡ʱ档
С
ׯԻǿؼһĨЦ΢СΪˡûµģȻ⡣
ӽջҩ䣬֣صȻûʲô⣬̣Ѫ㣬ǧҪЩҲǶҪЦһЦ
ׯڰ֣ҡͷЦó𣿡
ӵʲôЦģ̣֪㳣֡ѽҲҪЩ£ʲôأ󻹲ۻӣҪľǺúš˲ͣҲعһ
ׯ̾һϵƣ˿ڲסҲеһÿ϶Լ˵Ρˣעβˣҡ
˶٣ᶨ
Լ·Ҫߡ
Ҳա
ӷȰ档
˵ĻýȥҲӡһȥΪһҩܻʹģҲΪһеԼˡ
ׯ̧ͷԸмЦݡ
л
Ŀ͹뿪޵ׯСľľУĿϲʯ
һϡص壬ׯֻС
Сߣׯס֣ЦҲòְûʲôġöϲģáֵǮһ⡣
С˿壬ɻؿׯ
ׯС֣óĿĳСôˣȻŷ֡ңЩûôúö㣬ԺǧҪ
˵ЩʲôСȲׯĻ֣˵֡
ׯСǰɢ󣬶ظԴ
Сʮˣ
Сصʮߡ
ʮѽ
ׯϸСüۣȻЦЦ
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磡
Сʱˡ
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ׯٶȸСֺ֣
һϰףŮӳҪ׼ױġ磬Ȼˡûʲôöö͵ļױˡϲˣʹȥϲɡ۸㣬ͱϴţʰ
ΪŻˡˣӦǹ»Ұɣһ޷ֻ֮
硭
СͻȻǼһᣬŵӴչסׯСһ㣬䡣
С뿪㣬СŲҪˣϻбõûеĻҾͲˣһӸߣɲҡ
ׯͷһһ¸СԴЦҵȻ㣬߳Ϲɲҡ
ŻС㱼ͻȻһˡ
ǰҲһ׵ˣرá룬СʱӦҲһɰһϲ
С̧ͷׯգۣʵأ

ׯ˫΢أ۲һ˿ɬ˵ıʹ
²Ѫʬ塣Ȼҹλʱÿ궬ѩ
Ǹ޷ҲѵجΣܻļѡ
ѹƺЩ
뿪ˡ
ǰƤǲĻܰÿζңҺá
·˭ܾõʹཥաׯ･ʪ󣬸СԴֿʼҲڶ
ü·
֪ܲҵˣ᲻ң
СƺׯǸָܵĲ§οȻôãȻġȻǺ׵ˣǾǲʲôֵģ˰
ׯ˫΢΢ඥͷһ͡
СһͻȻࡣ
ĳ㣬Ӧòİɡ
ЩһֱţھȪ֮£кȥʦԺѣкȥԵͳ㡣
뿪ˣ󲻹һһٴСʱ򰤵Ĵ𣬴Ǿˡ
Ȼʡ
ׯȴһ׮һ㣬ҲЦ⡣
ͻȻƿ½ԶɫҴҸһűʦֱ֣ׯ
һ㿴ׯСֲʵضˡ
СϽ½ԶλãֻʣǶˡ
½Զڴߣץׯ֣ϸ鿴ϣǵʦﲻҿͷô˵ûпҩ
ׯֱۣɻᱻת½Զȫᡣ
ĮıӰ½Զҧأ˫ȭеķŭԹڽȼգζ
ׯͷԺС̸Цκ˶ЦӭΪζô
Į飿ģ
˼˺ܶʣȴûе˵
֪ںʲô³棬Ҳ±ܾ
ս㣬űӱסׯŲίֱ΢˵
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ׯҲ޿̵ƿѹϵ½Զ־롣
ǲ˼ؿĻȫ
㰮ңİǷΪòİǺ޷ߣİʦĹǰǿңİǸ߸ϵħ֮ĳܲ𡣡
½ԶˣδйĻҺ޴롣ץׯ֣صǸʹ
Ⱳµ£һׯׯƭ
ܲң£ͬʱˡ
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ׯûлش½Զֱָͣ⣬¡
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⼸䣬ׯ˷Ӧź½ԶεĶϧš
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½Զ˵ɽһ
ͻȻһЩģĻ档
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ҪһլӣӦһˣһ
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ȻһˣΪջϲ
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ׯӦģһֱ
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ׯǹִؾܾαܡ
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½ԶǺŭΣյЦ
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ׯͻȻ½Զ˺·
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ׯ½Զ£˫ȣ˺ޱر¶½Զǰ
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ӵĻȻǸһȥ룬֪
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ʦȥźɣ
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չ⽥ȥĺͷϻƿ
ӽƣƿţϵ°ͣȻ¶̺ӣ
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ʦ֣
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ʦ֣
һ½Զеˡ
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סׯı˱˿أׯĴݡ䡢߸׽ૡ
ׯξƺоʲôĿǻʲҲ²˵ȴֱʵʵţе΢ૡ
Щૣξܳׯ˽ӳܽ½Զʵƺߡ
Դʱըһ࣬½Զͷׯ䣬͵ҧءֿءҵأš
ʦ֡
ʦ֡
ʦ֡


148 һȰ
ͬξ
ׯԷҩ, ÿεǸꡣÿο, ǱܵػС, ֪ΪΡ
ȻÿնڳԹӵҩʹû
ϲʳѪĴʹսӾ, ׯ, ͷ͵ƿ𴲡
, ҩʱʱָ, ҩЧǿ˺ֱҪԹ屻֮һֱ, ⼸һֱ³Ųȱˡ
Һʱ޶, ٳżͺˡ
ס
ߵ, ׯͷؾͻȻһɺ, īνѩ
һΣΣεδ, īȾ
ׯűѪȾ, ͻȻһ±ӡָϵʱһƬ۵ĺ죬յı, ӿ糱İ˲䱻ȾһƬ
磡ôˣ
Сһű㿴ׯѪŵøϽĶܹ
ׯ̧ͷС˵û£֪ǻͷĶ, ԭͻȻǰһڣһŻζӿ䡣
ͻȻ졣
磡
Сŵɫ԰ף·ѪŹڵϵׯ
磬ôˣôѪˡҡȥԣãղȥˡôѽ磬ȥϺ𣿡
ׯץСĸ첲ͷڰ֣΢û¡
ѪζڿǻɢׯʿˮǿŲʡ̧ͷСһĨοЦʵʲôӣ
Сһͷˮ㶵ػصˣô磬ʲô
ׯһüͷ΢ȵֺࡣ
գŹվͺá
СԺʲô
ׯ̧ͷСЦЦ
СׯͻȻʵ⣬ɻˣɵػصϲ壬ҿ巿Ķһˣرÿһѧ˼죬ЦһֻҰɽ
ׯ̿ϵƣ㲻һĨЦݣЦм־ɫ
ҰɽҲбɷ˵һ죬úŬ˵պܳΪµһ
𣿡
Сƺʰģ۷Źؿׯ
ôͻȻ
ׯ˶٣ԥƬֳ̣ĳ˵ԺҲˣȥϲ°ɡ
Ϊʲô߰ǲˣȻҲǴܸɣĺϲ磬㲻Ҫߺ𣿡
СΪׯҪ뿪ȸǣͻȻ⣬ׯĸ첲֡
ׯϧСԴ㲻һӶߣԺҪȥطأȥ£Ҫʱ˷ϡ
СĬ˶٣Ƶģ
ԺҲҲħҲãҲãȥϲĵط뿪˵ҵ˼
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ΪĵС֤ΪгΪ½Զ˼һˣ
ת˼ж½Զӡͼ䣬ȴӣ̹İ䣬·˺ܾúܾá
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õɽĴյֳɷ档
ҳʱͻȻʹǧǧֻӿҧʳׯؿڣۻһ㲻ͣ˸ģĻ档
СϽȻһ̧ͷ㿴ǽϹһɽˮ
Ȼһ˵Сһ𻭵ġ
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Լһڰǰȷ˵Ǹϣָգִһ֧ʣֽϺ
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ׯԶĺкɣƮҡ֦Ҷġ
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ׯͻȻЦתͷСȻת뵽ֻϲӣ˶ÿθ߸˰һһ룬һ룬ֱ˷ѡ
ˣǰõָ˭أǸ˷ѡ
뵽ŵϲȻֹׯδ˵ڵĻعͷŴĲкɡ

һҩ
ׯоеѾĥˣֻҪͺãܹһ
ϤξϤӰ
ҹб¶ƴӿׯҳѵģΧһֻҸܲ͸Χǽںֱײ
۽ڵڽӵ
УںۻС
ЩңԶİֲ˼¶
еءҡһס
ܵؽ
ʦ֣ϲҡ
ʦ֣మɡ
ʦ֣һӺס
ûŵ㣬Ψһŵϲ㡣
΢ؿ
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㣬Ҫңʦ֣Ҫҡ
ʦ֣Ҫ뿪ң㣬Ҫң㡭
ĵУ塢
֮Ҿͽȫɱ⡣Ҫۿµˣǰʹȥ
ҪԶҡ
Ҳ뿪ֻҵģ
ڻصڿ̿ģڼļ䡣
޷ǣ޷Ĩȥʲô취αñڣջǲƼհ㣬̶أǷĶ
ߵеĻ治ͣسײ
ׯ͵ۡ
ںȼȻСꡣ
δδ𣬽ǰε
ׯоѹһˣ붼֪˭
Ǹ꣬Ǹ۽ڵӰ˴˿¼ŵˡ
Сţİˣı
ǵİ֮ľ𣬼˵ĵǾĸԸ
Ҳ½Զĵľܾ˵½Զģ˵½Զ䣬˵Զԭ¡
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ͷ·Ϣذᡣ
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۰˰ζԸ֣ءĸԸŵˣôԣô
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ׯ½ԶԴһһ޽ǣҪþϢ¶ȣȫ
ڻȪи룬Ǽǵ㹻㹻̵ĻǲǺҲǣ
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ڰϣڲͬеҹС
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ĸԸ
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˶ѡ
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½Զѹһ
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ׯ۽ǵۣ׶ͷ½Զ֪ҵģ֪ǰҵġЩ飬Ҵ㣬ҡ
˵ٲׯգһۣ뿪
ܲЪ
ׯۣɽѹƵģץŴ
ղͬׯջ˲ɵĵۡ
ؾ࣬ƣһ仪
ׯ֣ص˷٣ϲǸ˰ĩ˻֮زز
ɳǵΡɽ㡢·ģˬ١
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˿ˣׯ䣬
ϵľ̳պһ
ǧǧᣬƲŨ
ׯյһ
һյɽն˼
¾յׯ
ָ⻬ḧǳɫͬĽὣ롣
תѹ꣬϶˻ҳ
ׯվڰǰ㱼䣬ʦͽ
ո¶ͷǣΪٮٮ֮ǡһĴӣٳȺӢ
մͽʱ־ںη
Ļڶ߻죬־䣬εεׯǵø
緢һϮ¸ٷo
׳־ƣӳⷽ١
ԸɽĺƽԸ£ΪģΪʣ˽

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ׯСɫݡ
鷳ҽһСźȥҹ̳
Сţ
Сһׯô½ԶһǺͺˣ
ãȥϣ
С˸߲ҵسȥһûи
ȸǵҹ̳
һ·ϣƲɢƺһ꽫
Զ޾ĺҹֹɱ¾Ѫȡ
˸쳣Ĺ⣬Ư޵˿紵°ڣӯ磬˿ŷ衣
ׯ·ϣʯ̵أĿ
ƺÿһ߶ġʹİ޺ȡڱԹ䡢
̧ͷĿĺڣׯأһĳء
Դ˲ΪɢҹҲ
ʦҲáҲá
ҲãΪȡǧǧ֮Ҳá
ҹֹɱҵݡ
ľңһ·ϣ¡
ׯŲҹ̳չָʾָ
ѪȪӿׯѪż̳ٻɺ죬̳Ͽƶǵĸ
ׯһ˿ضѪдʣ
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䣬һ׺¡ϵ糤¡Ѫ˲ȼ𣬾ƽ
Ѫ󿪣ȼׯΧģ϶ۡ
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ʱգףΪϲáɪúϡΪףԸΪĳ̬ǣҲѳɾ¡
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Ȼãã쳾УҲãҲգƮºӰ
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½ԶϲظȴǰɵĻ档
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нɱͣسȻȼյ
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ׯڲҡҡλΣƺվȡԴҡͷյڵϣ֪ǻȻ̡
ʵûõģһ޷Ƴǡ
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Ҫ˵ˣҲġʦ֣ǻһֱһ𣬲Ҫ˵ˡ
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ׯҡͷһֻйƤҪڻϵĵҲȼ˺ü
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ֻİˣҪԹ
һֱڻĿǷ
һеʵ
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ڣ
˺Ը
ģ½ԶףףԸû
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ૣЦͷ֮
ЦǽӲǣʧҰڵϡ
ЦЦࡣ۽ǻ촽˵ɬڿǻ
ЦŤѹֵؿٴԴս첲Ҫׯ¡
ʵһ
㰡


149 ǧ·
ǳصĺڡ
ڲͣ³, ·׹յԨ, ·׵֮
еϢԱ, һֻסӣ˫ץŽ, Ԩ, , ޼
Ѫȵ, ˶ħȴԸ١
ڲϵ׹
ׯҲΡ
ен֯
Ц, Ź
Ųʣݳָָ㡣
ҵ, ڶߴ˷
ġġġ
Ϊׯ, Ϊεġ
ʵʵ, ټ١
ֻаץ֫䣬޾İۻྡͿĨϡֵСϵ۹ĨİϣССӡ޼ɵϡ
Ϊׯ, Ρ
Ȼڷ׷, һ㣬ɽ˺, ɽԽ뱼ׯ
ǸɽȪƺҪþţ
ʦ֣
ׯ͵ۣǰǻ谵ĺҹûκι⡣
ͻȻһ, ȦڹС
½ԶӰڳЦ
βͷЦЦĲá
ֻЦֻΪˣׯΡ
.嵽ֻ꣬Ϊѡ
Цӯӯ
ʦ֣ѽ
һˣ
꣬һһЦĶģ
㱼䣬ֻصϣ½Զֻб˴ˡ
ߣ̣Ц
Զôҡôֿôࡣ
겻ͣغ
ʦ֣ôѽ
ʦ֡
ʦ֣
ʦʦ֣
ϲˣ
۽ǵߵӿׯѵ̧첲ҪץסӰ
⽥һϢ
֣ƴҪץסꡣ
Ȼȴڲͣ³
ⰵӰʧ
ҪߣҪߡ
ǿЦЦɢĹ𽥻Ұҹںϡ
Ҳˡ
Ҳץˡ
޾ĺڡ
Ҳûꡣ
ׯ
ҹ̳½Զʬȸػصߡ
޵ƫ֣ׯȥĵطҡ
һŪİ֮Сﲻֹͣ
ģȥˣ
ղŻڵģ
С̿½Զ겻ģ˫ۺ׵ǰʵСܡ硭϶ҲĿѹ
ׯ½Զϵһ˿Ӧն˫Ͷһʯӣ̶Ĳ
ץСļץסˮиľ㣬ϵЦŤ
˵Ŀǲǻۣǲǻң
϶ġ
С˫ͨ죬ش
ôϲӣ϶۵ġ

½Զһ˿ϲȸԾ¾ڴսС㷲СʣΨֱ
𣿡
С㶵ؿ̲סᣬỽϡ
ңܻ𣿡
½ԶҪޣҪش𣬽ץĸ첲ҡΡ
ҵĻ𣿡
ϣ
Сץ½ԶӣҪׯʵ
ԼҲ޷ܡ
ڲҪȥ֮ǰĴ򣿻а취أ
С½ԶСѯʡ
½ԶСƿ΢̿ૣԣԣҹҹ
һ˿ϣ½Զĳ
Ȼȴ˱Ÿ޲ߣҲָһ·
ѩɽ֮ѩϡ
½Զͣظѩɽ·һֱһﷴǧǧҪ˳ٴϣˡ
ǰĶѨ½Զ½ŲСΨִݴϣ
ŶѨһʵ
ʸ¿ѩɽ֮ѩϣ
ĵиϡ
һƬţ½Զ֣صӶѨڡ
ãѨﴫʵ

½Զʿˮץľݣʵص
ǲ½Զѩܹ¿ѩϸһˡ
ڵĬƬ̣ʣ
˭
ׯ
½Զ˫ץ½ǣﶼ亹˿һȴ̵
Ĭãʵ
ʬ񣿡
½Զüϵڴ˼֣΢㡣
ûС
лǷ񣿡
½ԶһȫѪҺ۵ͷֻͷѣ͵صת·Ҳġ
ûС
ͷ񣿡
ģߣ½Զһ򣬻ڲ
Ĭ˺ܾúܾãõԶ̶ļڻַⶳõϽϸϸı꣬õҪ紵ɢҪԭضɱˡ
ϣһйգͷҧأؼ֡
ûС
ȥɣΪ
дʣϡ
ϴ׵⡣
ĸƼ
һֳ̣ȥҧ촽ǿᣬ̧ͷ˿ܵѩֵҡͷ
˼һʯӣˤڵϡ
˼ȴһˣ̱ڵϣµıѩʪ°ڣ̹ǵĺⶳ˫ȡ
һСΪˤ˾ͷƢֿһвȱ꣬Ϊ֫岻ȫˤڵ϶ԱΡ
ҳͷڵѩ˫ΡΡֹ죬˭Ҳ֪˵ʲô
־ķӣ񲡢ǱڵϳٳٲԸ
ʵֹֿЦЦ˿ޣЦ
ͻȻƳѩմ๸ĽڣֱߵؤͷɥĲȥ˫ֶڲŻڣ˿Ѩ̧ͷ˿졣
졣
ڣԻʬ𣿻ҲУͷ
ҪֻҪһʬ壬߻ǣȻһͷҲС
ĻҲ壬лǣͷ

Żڣϵƺھĳ֣صʽ
ѩҹ
ֱѰһġή
Źʮգȴ·˼ꡢǧ֮á
½Զۣѻ۵۽ǵϡ
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ûκ¶ȣѩء
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ץ˫еĺĶᡣ
һ׹
ʧõ׹׹
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ΪҪˣôȶûȺ
֮ʣͻȻ뵽סҪףô׵ǸŪ׹ǰüΣǵ׸ģǧŪˡ
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תתԭЩԵ֣ע˵ġ
ԭЩˣעҪġ
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½Զͷʧʹޡ
£һƵΣγѡ
½ԶҲ˲ʣµһУִҪȥѰׯȥ׷Ѱ»ȪһҪׯһ

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½Զűߣħ硣
½ԶҡͷૣҪȥ
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عͷüͷ΢ţǡǡ
½Զƺƽؽˡ̾ᣬȻ㶵ػعͷ򰵿ۿ죬⣬ɻͬϡãȻͬˮϰ
ã翣ʰԼ
ˣһŻʲô˼
½ԶǷϵĿ⣬δ½Զ⸱ģո߸ϵħո߹󲻿һħ֮˿̾ȻΪһ֮ˣ΢Ը
ʵĲ̣ͷĬã˵ʹѩɽ֮ʦĻǲδֻ֮
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ʦ֣µһ꣬һϲġ
ϲ֪ꡣ
꣬ĺĺ
ȪǣҼ˼ѩͷ[1]


150 ƹ
ϣ, ϣ
㱼ں, ½Զͷʹ, ӻѩ, ץСеʵʦʦ, ʦֻ𣿡
С½Զ, Դҡͷ
û, ûϢ
½Զ˲ͰǷϵѩͷ, һȭŨصࡣ
С½Զ, ˵ѩˣϻǲҪ˯˰ɡӲǰ, ʱҶǧҪ, û˿ڡС
С̧ͷ½Զ, ﷺ, ͻȻʡ
磬ʵǣġԺûԹҩʵʵҩƿ˱ǣ˵Կģ, װڴƿһҪӣŲ
˵ˡ
½ԶץСĸ첲ڲ, Դĵߡ΢ˮ޸ĸƼ
СԼ
ŲңΪʲô
Ϊʲôأ
ѾѩˣΪʲô
ѩȸǡ
һɣŮһ٣ʳӦȱһȫׯʱģׯϲòá
½Զţһվͻء
󣬵Ůػأ½ԶҲû繡
˵ֻƣ֮ȸǵŮһ롣
ѩ⡣
ֱ⸴һƷơ
ȸҲûˡ
еŮ˽Ա½ԶǲɢСߣׯǰԸ½ԶԸǿСȥ˰һѰҹӣһѧϰ塣
ȸǣ½Զ
ˣ֮
Ψһȸ
½Զž̳ջڵصơξƲմֻԸׯķҷУǹǣӵĶ֪·
ֻܽԼ꣬ھУׯϲľơ
ɽɽǻߡ
Ĵ죬Ψһ仪ׯ
Ҳһյɽ
ڳһǺǵľ㣬·ܲ͸ǽз͡
½Զͨ죬˫Ϊű߶˴ССĿվ̳ľ̳һһ˦һߡ
չӷ϶½Զϡϡع⡣ӣĿİߵ
İһɣҵĹ١¯˻ҳ
½Զԣľš
ǿб£̵½Զۡ
Լ紵ƣһжһ㡣
һˡ
ӡԿƣ½ԶʱͻȻӲȫǿҵĴʹ߲ͬƵϢУòӱ롣
㱼䣬ǲݰִҪɼƻ
½Զڰǰ˿Ĵᡣ뿪ħѰׯ֮ѹ꣬޽ֻԼĥЩӵֺͼ
½Զ˼䣬ͻȻһɴʹ˫һڵϡ½ԶŲӣѹźζ
ӡʹͬ˿̲ϸϸܵؿҧѪҲ·ǧ䶯
һһģϺ¡
ӲȫƺʳѪҺ
ɹľʹǿң½Զϵ¹ڵϡһֻŲӣһֻץǡ
Щƺڿҧڣֻ޼ɵꡱƶħĥĥӡȫ½Զֱָ⣬ʺӡǲƣߵš
ڳӿҧһʹӣÿһ缡·ҪϢ
ʹ֯½ԶʱһѪǰǡ
Ȼ½Զ˲ۣȥ˾Ѱҷ졣ԣҪͨĽ磬ֻһ취Ĵ۾֮ǿдͨ
۾һ²˳٣½ԶӤǰ۾֮
½ԶӤɽڵĽ磬һȻϮ
У½ԶϮ
ɽƮȻ䣬ҹʷƼӿ
Ӥº֮ˣ½Զɽ᰽ս
ûպ˷ʱ䣬ֻѡҪôÿҪô
ɱ½Զ°ڡн˸Ź޵ĺ⣬ѪаУħǧɡ
ɽᰰͦؿб½Զ롣
Ǿȥɡ
䣬нɱ磬аȻԻ
ɽȺɾɽۡѪħ⽣Ӱɽͷ
˫ǿħˣսˣս˲ưɪ䣬۳ɾ޴УƺҪ׵ĺڶС
˫֣ս
񽻷֮ʣͻȻŨصаϮӤִꪣɽ㲻ǰ½Զкݾ˿̸ܵС
Σ֮ʱȴһӰȻ嵽˵ɽ󡣴˻нĹƣعһȴձ̴ꪴ࣬Ѫϣģߡ
ʦ֣
ɵʦǾŵش󺰣ƴɱͷѪ
ճɽ֣ﲻͣӿѪþһ˿ૣС
ɽ᰿ǰ˻ۣڿеش䡣
㱼䣬ʲôͻȻϨȻֹ
ɽᰳ֮ʣнᴩ࣬ɱš
ڶ֮ͬ飬ȫʬ
½ԶһӣнʧںСʬ壬ӤֱɽС
ͷУ´ɽᰵڣϵ˿ѸϣͷϵķӡҫۣüۼаҲŨء
ƺʲôڽ⣬³
ӽɽɽһܼ֮¡
˾ˣǰϣ
ֱգһλСʦҲ̲ȥǳУվڰǰͷֱɽᰣʵҾȰˮ𣬴Ĳġ׿壬һʵ޷֮Ҳֻʦܵݣʦһ䡣
㵽ôʦֵġ
ɽ᰷̧ܼͷǰŭʦܣɫ侲ķֺһ̲ˮ
ʵҪ𣿡
ʦеŭȻˣزˡ
ɽ侲ؿ·һʯ񣬵ϧˡ
ϧ
ʦܶش𾪲Ըӣʦֵ⣬ʦֵػȻֻǿϧ
ֻпϧΣѵûκβ㡢㡭
ʦûѰӵĻָɽᰵĲ顣ǵӭǰ˪Ŀ⣬ͻȻ֮䣬еķŭʣͳͳһкǧ
ʦֲֵá롣
ʲôʸˡ
ˣ˵ϣ˶ѡ
ðˡȥ췣
ʦܳɽ᰹Ҿ¡
տĴڣ
ɽյ䣬ܾĵطʹƻδȬ
ɢ̣񽥽ãȻ
ɽڣȣڶ߲ͣػص
½ԶӤһǰһ󣬾ŵС·ϡ
ѻ˻УѪڿ̷ɣƺΪᷳѻ
ѹɽһ˵ŨչЮԾ
ֻһণӰϮģһſѪҧһࡣӤؿڣǰ亹ֱ
ߣһ㡣ӤͻȻͷͣ룬Х˭ں
ڻ
顭
ּˡ
˭
ӤԴͣҡͷÿһ񾭶ڴʹԴ·Ҫը
ڶ
飬ǵ𣿡
˭
Ӥĺ٣˫ȷһ򡣾ˤڵʱͻȻץס
½ԶҰ׵ɫʵôˣ
û¡
Ӥ½ԶĲվȡ
¸ϵҪ¡
޷
½Զջ֣ͷƺĸɽֶ
ڴʱɽкŨ߻谵΢һO@졣½Զתֻһɽߵĳ߳ſѪڣҧʱӤһƿ½Զǰ
ƺɵӤȻԴɨӤգʱһ˿ڣѪ¡
½ԶͷųߣӡͻȻƵȫƣʵֱҪڴˡ
ϣ
Ӥ½Զ쳣ǰһ澯߽֣һƳ½Զ
Ǹ˵飬Ҫõ۾ߣͱҵ飬Ž֮롣
ӤԥƬ̣֪òţǾʵ档
ƺʲôͻȻּʧ
ӡָ½ԶһŽվ΢飿ģ
Ӥ˶٣Ӧ֮ͥ󡢼ʯߡߡ
½Զ̧ͷӤӣüͷ
ⲻǵ屻֮
ϸ룬½ԶӤѸǰȡذ飬Ͷɽ
»ʣĵ۾ߣ½ԶӡϢӣһľжصĳߡ
ɽڣγɾ޴УƺҪɽͷȥ
Ȼ
طʱѴڵ֮Ȼ仯
·ʲôƹܣīǳ


151 
İˮ, ơǧȺɾ, ּȪʡ
½ԶӤ, һǰһ, ؿɾ֮
ƻ, 紵Ҷ, ɳɳ졣һƬҶ֦ͷ, ȻƮ½ԶͷͣƬ̺¡
½ԶֽסҶ, ŵľͽ䱸˿ͻȻ߽⡣Ҷ, 㱼䣬˺ܶ¡ڲ֪, κεص, κʱ, ϢҰԵռ
Ը, ˼
ϡ
ӤͻȻͣ½Ųصؿ˿ܣʾ½Զ˵Ρ
½ԶּͣͻŨOO@@ƺӽ, һ˵Ĺսϯ
ּӰٿȻһ˳, Ӱֱ½Զɫգץ½Զֱ
ϣ
Ӥ׷Ϻãʵʵڴ˾С
нɱâϴ˫צ½Զɽ֮ϣѪ̷ɣɢʰȾİ
½ԶüۼǱӶ񣬴߶нкأ޺ɱȶ򣬾һ쫷罫Ѫɢֱ½Զͷ
½Զ㣬ȴٴθ£쫷ϯ½ԶХŭţɳʯ
нɱֱϾ
ǰһƬң½Զ쫷ӽɽڣԲҽ½ԶŻнվԴγðǡ
ǻ谵޹⣬ֻұϸѵľ޷˸Źĺ⣬϶ơŤŤѵĺƲƵ
ҡ½Զü𺣬ŭȻģԴɫ࣬񡣡
ѭұԶĺۣܵ¶ҲߣҪڻ
нڿǰУ½ԶСǰС
½ԶұڣֻԽԽ̣ϲͣðߣ졣
нȻͣ£ڿУѪͻȻ죬һѪӹС½ԶƹнǰߣչһǰǶʧѾõĵ۾ߡ
۾߱ҽ޺ҽڵˮ½ԶδӽûҪڻ
һţͻȻһ쫷Ϯֻ˷нһչʽֻ硣
ѪаУаȻ̼䣬ѽС
زѪ˻У֮
ǧɣ𵴣ֻҽİ룬۾ߺպȻǰ
۾ߵ֣½ԶһѭԶİ׹ħ硣
µ۾Ѿ룬ֻҪͨ跨ȥԣسԪ֮ӡ֮ʱͿȥѰׯˡ
뵽½ԶǼͻȻɬۿ졣
Ѿˡ
꣬峿ĵһ£ԴĻ
ǸϤġޡ֣ʢĻٶȿήҹȵţһڴ
峿ʢڳҹή
ոһգѵꡣ
Ҫȥׯ
ɽ󴨣ݵѩԭʢݶ֮زز÷ѩ
Ҫ߹ļĮ
˼䣬Ǳ㷭츲أߡ
ڵǱɱ̤ƽޡ
Ҫһׯ
ΪʲôҪΪʲôôģ
Ʈ㣬ĥ
Թ˼
ׯҵҪץׯ½ΪҪô
ط꣬ҪׯġۣҲҪ׷ׯȣȻׯηŭ⿪
뿪
Ȼطʱĳ˻ûл
һ꣬޻ϲ
ǧذתУЭˡ
ׯܻ۰ᱣĻ
ȡ
ֻǣҪһӵѡ
̯ƣ½ԶվԭأͷҶű쫷ϯû뵽ΣǱܵػƬҶ
ҶοЦЦ
һƬһƮ䵽С
½Զ˫󣬺һͣ񶼱Ƭһȥ
紵°ڣ仨
½Զ͵̧ͷһȫɣʱӿˮջ䡣
ǰһƬʢ֡һȻЦ硣
һ£վһϤӰʤѩö°ڣ˿뷢衣
˲ͷϵĻһʱˡ
ʦ֡
½ԶŻһ
˼ǰӰе̿ƣеľǣ˿ˮӿͷ
ǵײײׯ׷Ѱ˿ֻǸˣҲſ
ͻȻһӰ½Զʱͣ½Ų
ǸӰۣ۵ġ
Ǹʱ½ԶüۺЦׯյׯǰǣҡΣͷׯﲻͣ˵Щʲô
ׯͷͬЦüºͣƺһˮ˫еޱϧƺڿֿ
꣬һϵĺһЦŻӦȻ˵ʲôȴޱģ
վһ£һһһϮ£һ࣬һһ㡣
ǣ֣Ȼ֣Զȥ
仨˶΢˫ɡ
½ԶԭأׯнԶֻ䷢ࡣеɣ˫ȷͻȻڵϡ
ߵӿۿڵϵһϡ
ϸں䣬½Զҧ촽ͷϸϸģġʧˣͻȻʹޡ
еǺ̬ȫûˣǱǷϡһȡֵСڵϺޡ
ʱͻȻ֮䣬еĹִơ
ЩľȫҪˡ
ΪׯݰԶľУ̡
ΪֻҪӵ㹻ӵҪһС
Ƕħ޼ɵΪΪ
Ȼˣʱգ֪״ˡ
һҸʱ⣬ڰϡ
κˣֻСţֻׯСŶѡ
еԹޡִڡŤİһ̣ȫҪˣȫˡׯֻϲѡ
ϲ
޿ɾҩϲ
ˣ鳾˲ʹģݻ
·˲棬
*
İ½Զ׶˻ǰ㣬ʬжĴ۾Ѽ룬Ӥ֮ͥ򿪻
õ۾ʱͻȻһɨ½ԶܣȻһģ
УɽƮȻɽֱۣӶ½Զ֮ħ𲻴档
Ц
½ԶֶһһĨĵЦݡ
ƾ㣿УҲκβ˱
𣿡
ͻȻèл
أ
ɽºӰƺƵаþ˷ɱϣɽ࣬ḧаè½ԶЦһս߲档
ҡ
ɽᰣ½ԶƺЩĺȤȻһԣǵе˲޾ĲмӶ
һ·
˭˭˵̫硣
䣬һֻþΧɽͷֱ½ԶӤħԿô
ڷɣɽ½Զٴν档ŭȼģѪаɽͷ
񶷲ݣսš̼䣬ѽٻغϣ˵ľޡػʯɣһƬ̳
нúݾɽлУһʱѷ¡
½ԶԪֱɽţʱѪաɽ᰷ˣ½Զ롣
ɱ½ԶΧڹȦС½ԶֵͻȻƳһԵĵ۾ߣƱ任һУȦΧ
Ӱ磬нΧƵ۾߷½Զ߶ӡֻһ۾СŨأʴʡ̹ǣɱմݿϮˡ
ɽ᰸һأԴһã
䣬ֻн۾ڿУγħħ춯أƼӿ
սݣͻѪꡣɺѪǧʸбǱѪմȾ飬˲仯һɢ
ɽµþצˮڵˮ
ſ绤סˣȴнֻǧֱƹ֮硣䣬粻ֵѿϸ졣
ɱȻѡ۾߽پ˶ˣ壬ʱһߡ
˵ѪУؿһϢ
½Զֶǰ¹Ӳд°ܽɫͫ˸ŵʤѪ⣬üʤΪİ
ˣʢ˵·
䣬½Զ߶н
̱ڵصԣüͷɫҰףͷκ顣ͻȻǣ¶һĨɭЦ𣿡
Ի̧ͷв˿֮ս뾪֣ŻϲȸԾȷ˵һִñʹ졣
Դӭ½ԶĿ⣬Цħ𡭡
һ·ߡ
һ䣬ͻȻһ½ԶŲˣѪտ죬ӡȫɱ½Զ壬֮⣬еѪӦơ
½ԶѪǧǧͣðѪ°ڴѪʪ˽µ
ϵĵ˲˾½Զ߶нȻħѡ۾ˤڵϣн.ڵϣ˿δͬսꪳɳ
ô¡
δ˵꣬½Զʱ³һѪѪҺڲͣӿ⣬ָ⣬ǣӲ䣬ȫ·𱻴Ѫֹ
½Զ
ϵȻ߻
֮ħ𲻴棬㻹ǸϽȥʦ֣ڻȪһԧɡ
䣬ɱ
ɽԪһˣһƣֱ½Զš˲䱻ףײɣˤڵϣѪա
½Զϣ멱ѪʪѪȻ˫ָͬ죬ӵʱָϣѪģ
δһơ½ԶٴαףݺݵˤڵϡĹͷȫѣ촷ۡ
Ҫˡ
롣

½Զһ޷ʹӡ֮ٻӤԭأʧһ㣬˫ѪƴֻѪץ½Զȶƴһ
½ԶĺвˮĭһһʧѪһ߲ͣڳɻħ磬һ߽ض½Զߴߴ
ûлҹ칬Ѫͻȸǡ
ѪϤ·˿ȴޱѪܵһһѵ޵
һѪ·ȫѪҺˡ
½ԶײײϡǽϡŴϣѪ
·ϡ
ǿһƿ޵Ĵš
һɡ
ϵ̨ѾˣϻǸׯͬɽˮ֡
ϵؽࡣ
Ĺûҡ
ˣʲôˡʱһ̿ʼֹͣһ˺ѡ
繡˴ĥеİûڡޣת۳ɿգȫ塣
޽ˣ֮ʣΨѪӿ
½Զľţһз
ĿİرƬ֣ǰһƣһƬۺ컨ˡ
紩Ұڿз衣糺죬֦ͷء
½ԶץɣѪڵϣ۳ϸָ˵ѪɻʣϵѪغϡ
һƮͷͣڷϡ죬þһ˿ץסŵĻ
Ȼһָ⣬ָƮȻࡣ
һִСִŵҪץס仨ȴһƬץ
ǰ仨ң˫ۺᣬˮ۽ӿѪȾڻһ
ͻȻЦеø࣬ģߡ
еѪˣҲŲסӣعڵϣֿյûһƬһԸͣ
ǰĽڣૣ޾ź
Ȼ˿塣
Цţ˫ۻϣһӿۿ
սֱָصش䡣
ɢڷС
˵
ʦ֡
ˡ


152 һΪ
ҹĻХɳʯ, , ۶ϡҲѿ޷, ϶У˸, ƶħ֮, ˼䡣
轵, ƾ䡣˴ӷ϶İӿκǧﲻ, Ӿ޷ӿ򰵾
ຣԭе鶼˲ʳᡢǽľһ߽⡣ӿƥУûɽͷ
ڴͬʱȻһסʴ, 񰧸衣ϵ绮ƳգѸɽͷ˲ػʯ, ɽͷһΪݷ顣
ɽϣ, ɽź캣ɽ۵ȼࡣ
ҹϣ׵罻ӣ̸ڵİҹĻƲϻۣγһӴУѹɽƽҪС
нӽ֮ϵʱ֮һζҡҡ׹ľˡڷƼӿУ֮ͻȻѿϸ졣һʰϸͷţƾϵѺۡ
һ֮ҡΣϸʳ̼䣬ǧ֮һϦ촷ۣɢڳຣУȻ޴档
ţһסϵѳգ׵罻ٿȻճϸ΢ѷ죬
ֻѷֱ£ĻƿǣϸĲƬʯ³س
ϸѸٻۣ֯顣Ȼ׹ۣ͸ϸ˼䡣ǿ貣һƿնϵ绤УϽ䡣
գຣû棬ôӵطϰҫƺƵĺӰ˼ɣѪƤٵ
ǧȳ֮ݲ֮⣬翵ĺӰڿ裬˻ëȻ
ӰƮѹǣ֣ɭȻɲ
ν֮ٹС
һĻѣǿɢҹϵ棬ܵȼҫǧѷУһŰ׹Яɽ֮ƣаħ׷˱ᡣ
Ӱ֮޿ɺ
ν֮
ԭ㶦ľƣһ䡣
Ԫ֮Ϊɾ³ǡ
ɽڵķ̨ʥٷڻͳʣڡ
ħǿԿ಻ԡ
ӦǰΪڵüΪȱҪӳӡ
ȻӶħ̳ӽһԨ
ħħ粻档ҹ칬ʥռ䣬ħ屻ڴˣ
֮ƣһϦ˲䡣Դ˱һΪǿǿ棬Ծ
*
̨ڣɽ˵ˣֻǴȨյˡ
ɽ׹£ħʱҹפͷŻ˾ʥ֮һʥɽףƿս
Ȼ񱻾ʥӰ죬ɽѲȫȻһ֮ˡд棬ůδȫȻӶ
һ˿̣ɽĿþʥݳԪٹἰʥš
Ϊݽ档ħк
ɽڰǰɵĵӸ֮ơþ..°ŰԻ֮Ѫ֮겹ȫչ԰ٹõĿ𡣶ʥһֻԭʼ֮һ
˵ӲɽֱǰȥѰҾʥ졣
ˡ
ʥ츺ֶɽᰣǰڿеİ顣
һҪɡ
ɽ࣬ߵʥ󣬳Ϊˣ
ʥĬƬ̣ת
λīɢɫףҷءҲͷϣһֻݡݶüۼŹ°ϡ
ɽᰣƺв׽һ˿α̽Ȼ˿ãջڵЭʲô
ɽӭϾʥĿ⣬ɵػӦ㽵
û
ʥŲ߻ϣ°ڷɣ̬֮ɭȻ
֮󣬱㲻ݣֻҪɡ
ɽԴֱǰĶ֮ȻˣˡѴ
˵գɽתȥ
ʥȴҲգɫɴݣȻԾܾȻỻȥҲ֤˻ʧɱˡ
ȴ׼زɽᰵϡعò˫˿̾˼ŭɫ΢أʱ
պ󡣡
oʥƿսͨԪ֮ͨԭʼ֮
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½ԶЦüĿ飬崺硣
ʦʦּ
ʦƭȵʦֳסԼϡ
ͳö׹½ԶĦ׹£ԼһůָתѪȫ
׹ૣ־ҡ
հ֪֮Ѱʥ֮ǰѯѩ½ԶԪڡѩϵĻش󾪣½ԶԪ꾹ȸǡ
\ħ˺Ԫ½Զһƴ׹УԱʱܱ֮塣
°תʧѾõ׹ׯ˻ȥرö׹ֻ°ҵʥҲǻ췦
ƺ̶޷԰Ρ¶תתĽľӽȼյС
ģ֪
Ѳ֪ǽ٣Ե
½ԶĦ׹ָǧɡ
ţЦЦƶ˼ૡ
עˣ˦ˡ


155 ܵ
ת۴
½ԶСͯèƵģץҶ㡣½Զ̽˺ܶ, Ҳֱ׵رʹܶ, ʲҪĴ𰸡Ҳ, Īׯ, ָӶ˲赹ˮ, Ȼǧټ
͵ĪׯװȥԼϡ
Īׯûɹ̷˵Ļ½Զæ֮æ͵й̡һյػص˲Σֱ½ԶԴ˦²յˣ½Զ, źԺҲź
ɫӶﶼڻζĪׯҧгŶ룬˵ʲôȥˡ
ͨ, ȴտҲ, ԭ粻Ӱ
Īׯ²յ, , ȷʵû½ԶӰԵǾֻһطˡ
Ҷ䣬һѵ㡣
½ԶϣͷľһƬһƬƮĿҶٿ, һƬҶֽסҶ
һ꣬Ҫˡ
ĽŲ½Զתͷ߽Īׯ·˵Ĳ, ԭҳ޵ʼԻ貣⡣
½ԶЦӭȥĪׯǰһƵĪׯֱߣЦһɡ
Īׯһ£ͷ
½ԶϵĿӵݸĪׯ˸
Сʱÿ׸档
½Զ˵Īׯ
ҸǰʱܳԵɰͺܿˡÿζɰһ
ÿʱ׶ָһ·ȻЩ˵ʲô󡣵ҳ˸ʲôˡ
½Զͣ½Ķĳ£ںĪׯ̧ͷ½ԶĿ΢üͷ·ͷһǱţʹ
һһر֪ϲ˱֣ǰֻе׳ԹҪ׿ģҪ쳤չףôࡣ
̸𳾷Ѿõ£½Զſǻα仯׶ڡѹź켷һĨǿЦ
ҺˣԼǮ˱͸סһ˱ҪʮǮֻǮ
еˮڴת½Զļͷϸϸſӣָⷢס
ʱ׾Թ϶׾ѹꡣ
һ£Сģԭµġ޷صģһҲûκؿɻת
Դ˵Īׯַ·͸ʱգ˵
ţϵءǸૣĲǹҪ͵ġ
һûڵһ£ܹһ㣬ȫȻͬ
߬ſӣ½ԶͷֱͻȻһů̧ͷĪׯ֣ƺڰѹ
½ԶĪׯüͷչŨջһĨϲЦ
ңׯ
˼ͷ½ԶԳسţʱ͵ԵĪׯǶѹк˿̾ĪЩɰɡ
ټ֮Īׯְοǵ㻵˼ֱ
ν˼.
½Զ˿ʣ޼ٿ˿ͷĪׯ֪ô𣿡
ĪׯӴ̧ͷҧϸ棬ɻؽ£ʵôԣ
½ԶһݵĪׯߣ˵š
Īׯסһ˺½Զսסһˡҧˣߡ
½ԶԵصĪׯµϢȫڶԷϣ֮ޡ
һӣĪׯֵ½ԶһЦҧЦٲҧҪȥˡ
ĪׯϽҧԴ½Զ֮ľ롣
½Զϸ涼˽ϵЦ⣬׽˵ڹҡ
ƶ˲Īׯһһ½ԶϵطϣûС
ڴ㡣
½Զ°ͣԴʮĪׯϵķƱ仯Ҫһ˿һУץһ޷粵֤ݡ
֤ڴ֤ׯ
Īׯ½Զѿ࣬½Զǰ룬ԹҿǳԳˡ
½ԶĪׯĹĵض뿪ĿһֱߵſڡЦ䣬·͸ĪׯıӰڿһˡ
ڿյĴڣ˵ʦֽҵġ
Ŀ⾡ͷͻȻͣ½ŲƬ֮µ뿪ʧſڡ
½Զ߻ڴ⣬Ҷ䡣
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ĪׯϷͣҲ¡
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¥ǶֵͯĴЦò졣
¥ڵȴޱࡣ
½ԶΪɽᰵһյ裬ϾϵĴº͡յͬţĶԵУȴһƽľ̸
յȷʵ
½Զ²֣˵
ǰ£ֻҲˣĵġģħٲɱաҡ
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ɽüͷ΢΢صؿ½ԶĻȾֳɡ
ԷͷӦ½Զ˿⣬ϾħˣһϦƣ˭š
½ԶҡͷԳЦЦϵػһʦ㡣
Υĳƺ֮ĸȫơ
˿ﲻħˣֻвɵ½ʦܺʦ㡣
ɽüۼԻ⣬½Զ˵֪ʦ㲻̰ܿ࣬һֱڰжԿʥһˣȻҪʦ
ɽ᰾ĬãǰյҶһȥصسסղŻʵôΪʲô
½ԶЦһյһڣˮ·ڴҹʡ
ĬƬֱ̣ˮϵɢˣӦᣬȴޱȼᶨ
Ϊʲôֻʦָ˰ɡ
ɽǰɫº͵ˣ½Զ˵²Ǵ֮УԻԥ뿪
˵ׯᡢ׵׵֪ʵ⡣
ȷ档
Ӳ¥½Զ㿪ʼּƻħʵǰʥӲӲοʧȥӤԱ󽫡
Ӥعʥߣָ顣
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ȼҫӰĹżۡ
ĺĪׯʱ½ԶȻſڰ˯ˣ˼·ϡ
±ѹŵĴżѻɽѾ΢΢̡ĪׯԴ½Զ˯ò·˯˸Ǻ
ǳǳĺڶصĪׯδһһ۾뿪վ½ԶߣͷǰŰȻĲ𪣬ջ̺졣
̲סĦ½ԶգĪׯЦָͷһصһ£Сૣ˵ıһ㶼û䡣
˯غһ߽Ƶģ·ڲĪׯû
ĪׯεҡͷЦ½ԶĶͷһԵŵ뿪
΢ĪׯסŸ첲ϸϸ£ͷӿиεĹ
ϵĵȷȷһĪׯڵģһׯ޹ϵͨͨƽˡ
ȻĪׯʮǰˣׯһꡣ
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Σ
ûɢҷġһ̣ϵͳĴɢĻ»ۣɻذ壬ȴײ카ȥѪʬ꣬ʱĪׯ
ʱĪׯ꣬Ϊׯļ䶼һһ㡣Īׯׯļһڻָ
ׯֱ۴ϥϣſ޾ǹͬҹյķǡ
Ѫ䣬Ҫ½Զǻǲϣͷּۻ۳ɲమ
лϵͳл죬лǰ˱ڡ
ׯ첲ֽ˽ͷڱһܾί޴йС
ô̵ס½Զమ
ļȫָ󣬵һʱǴ½ԶϢСڴ֪½ԶĽȴ֪½Զһǰˡ
˻ȸԾȴ׹ߡ
գ½ԶеؼˡǷϲֱҪţѾϧ½Զ
ȥס½ԶʮˣǴδôá
±仯תǧء
½Զһ𣬹Ȼ
۷ʲô£˭û취½Զ
鲻֪һ
Ϊׯȥ½ԶĻǾĪׯݰɣ½ԶܽɵĻ
紵°ڣҶƮ£䵽ׯͷű۰űߡ
ڵ˺Ȼ˯˾غ
Ǹǽమ
ҹ䣬ׯڵȼȥ
һţ㿴½Զ˸°ͣϻ˯⣬ģׯƵϴ衣


156 ǳ
ˮ, , ڿз裬ڳرߴؿˮˡԶ롣
Ȫڣƻ, ҩڱǼơ
½Զվׯǰſ˫, ׯ𲻻Ц, ˵·
ׯ̹Ȼ߽, ⿪½ԶһԵϣʱȴͻȻ½Զץס˫֣, ˼ʵҵ··
·ׯ½ԶػӦ
½Զһץסׯ΢΢֮ľֻзֺׯϵЦ׷ϷвɱʤߣһһͶ
ׯһϸ΢ƹͼܵ꼻, ҡҷմմϲ
·ֻ, һ, һ
ׯӭ½ԶЦ, ͻȻһ
⣬½Զһֻۣѹ˲֪
½ԶԼЦ, ׯ˼ͻȻһ㡣½ԶĿ⣬Էת֧֧ԱҵͯϴѣǼҲСҲ·Ҳ֪
ׯѾȫȥ½Զ飬һСľͶףȫ׵ס
ұɣֱǼٵ˷ָ½Զ·˼Ҿеġ
ﻹ˼½ԶҪʵĻӦԡ½Զ״ɣֻҪô׵ؾͲǧܡ
䣬˫ȴͻȻɿ½Զ´˵ǰǵ۾Ҫ
½ԶûмʣǾֱҩȪׯʱһδֱйȥ
һߵߣͱһëׯͷ˿̧ͷˮ.ſڰߵ½Զ
Ҹʲôѽ½ԶƫͷʾׯԼá
ׯ﷭˸ۣ.մʪë½Զ½ԶҪϴʱ֪½Զ϶ڴʲôС̡·Ѿ֤ʵһ㣬˿̸ǲô򵥡
Ȼׯδ£½ԶһȻֱֺ׳˵棬Ҫ档
ׯԾϵ½Զưոݣֻû뵽˴˿˿棬ҡڵˣå
̹˲֪ٻأԱ˴˵嶼ϤòϤԸ½Զ·ϴ裬ׯĪׯ˶ˣҲгɡ
ׯδܾǰսֲһ¡ʱȴ½Զץס첲߹ί
̲ס½ԶЦˣ½Զ޿κε½ӣˣå֪𣿡
䣬ׯͱקˮ䵽½ԶСˮʪϵˮλδãͱ½Զڱϣ˫ֳˣ˽ڻ
δӦ㿴½Զüң΢ʧ㷢ˣȻˣϷ
ׯȻϮΣգüͷ΢½ԶĪػҡֻ½ԶϾ˵⣬˹ǮǴˡ
ϸ½ԶĻһһﷴ׽Ψ©˻еĺϡͿס½Զ˶٣һһ
·.ԱҲûʲôǴ˿̵ׯܡδܾ½Զȿʵһ⣬ߵĪҲǵˣΪҪӰ°
ׯԴһƬհףĪҵһ֪⣬漰ʮ˴ĳ£˼ȥ˽⡣
۾̲סգѸٱԣͰͻصΪΪǳһ갲ɽȼҼҾʱӳġ

½Զֹׯ½󣬱˵ѣĪҸڰ壬ȼĴĮɷ塣
䡣
ׯں䣬ֻ˿ͷĿѣ
Ȼ½Զڱصãʵڶ⣬ǰһҵ̣ΪβȥԼƹķĴͯ
Ϊ
ׯֻԼԴ̱ᣬ½ԶĪׯʱʣûκμ䡣ָׯļׯȡĪׯ
¿ˮȫͷػӦ
ΪǼҵ̱ȥһСκβֻܷ֡

½ԶһĨʤȯյЦָܿصطǷĵеؽ·˺ѡ
ΪǰڶĳǷծԽ̵Ѻĳϰ壬ǩ
ȪˮʪżѾ½Զۣׯ˿ֻʣһ¡·һֵܱܼק½ؿڣᱡڲסǸܣ±½Զ߲
⡣
½Զׯ԰׵ɫⳡ׷ϷУԶ׼ռϷ硣ֻʣһͻȴʡ
ʱز𣬴˵ӣײĶˡΪһҹָ֮ζ
ׯסؿڣҵĴϵˮεȪУΪϵȪˮûвɣ˿½ԶֻһŴľʧ
Ĭãõڿз˺üء½Զδ꣬ĵصȵׯ˵ǧٿ׵Ĵ𰸣Ȼʤߵ̬ĻԺαװ
Ϊ
ׯ߬½ָⷢףһƸ۵ػش
ҵﱾȥɵʦңȻѾûˡǻʱ˾֮죬Ƿҡ㲻ŵĻȥ
½ԶԭϲׯⷬĨЦʱɢüƣ˫΢أ۲ת
ȸԾ˷ŭɫ࣬ԣ
ׯܵ½ԶѹƺҪ޴ɶ㣬½Զڶ߼Ĺ©ٳ´μǵñһ㡣
Ȫˮ뵣½ԶѾ뿪ׯʯڳ񣬷ŽŹȣ˿ȫһ̲ˮȪˮںϡָѾľɿʱ½һšٶΣֻҪǰ˥߶
¥ڣ½Զɽ᰻档ϴ˱ǰӣɺ
ɽΣ˵֪ƻʥգľ

½Զ˸һյ裬ľɻ
֮ǰ\ǰԭʼ֮Ҳ²⣬ʥӦҲйء
ɽͳһöɫݸ½Զ˵ͫҴӾʥȡáպ󣬾ʥɽ㡣
˫УʥѰǰɽ·ͻȻţգʥСѪּ䴩У˻ƽл¡ǧɽ޾ɣҶ
ҽۣһӰл߳ӽ˵ʥݻᡣ
Ʈ°ڷɣ˸ԡ½ԶݡħԿ֮ЦУ˫ǿ档
֣ɱⲻݡ
Ũ鰵翡нƲɫưٻҡ½ԶԻнסʥ죬
Ӱ壬޾Ľϯ˽ʥذΧɢ綷䣬ħǧɣа֮ҡ
ʥ챻½Զʱѵóͫ˸⣬ħ֮Ԩ
Ҳܽ
½ԶЦһ
ȥ
䣬нƽ£ʥѡ½Զ߶ͫһٻܾʥ졣
Ϲ˸ͫתޱ޳˾ɳ½Զ֮ʣͻȻǿۣһȡ½Զ
ã
½ԶͫĹâаƶħҧֱۣ޾ħ·һĴ͸ѪŸ첲ֱֱͷ
ͫɣ½ԶڰѣȻʧࡣ޷ˣ½Զһᣬҧϸ첲
֮նӰͫ½Զ˼ɱѹ⡣½Զ޷ϱֱۣʹľ
ѪͫڣѪϹ⽻֯½Զ״ԪΪʥȼҫǧһָԾͫ
棬೤ħǧ½Զֱƾʥ죬ҪӽʱͻȻػʯɣ裬仨аܡ
ʥͻƻн䣬ͫȡ½Զ֮ѪȻʧ½Զץ׼ʱɢʥֱСѪ죬ֳէȻһѡ
ͬʱʥԪһƣֱ½ԶΣ֮ʱУɽᰵ¾ʥĹơսˣн棬½Զɽˣ졣
ǿףƣ˲սһгû롣
ڣͫڰУʥ½Զ֮Ѫవ顣ֻҪħͷѪûꡢ˫ģ飬֮ܿԭʼ֮ʱʵľ֮
ԵĺѾȼ
ׯϣذùǡ½Զ峿뿪δ顣֪ΪΣƤһֱЩţԸҪʲô²źá
δ꣬ͻȻŨأ½Զˤڵϣʱ³һѪׯŵøϽܹȥǰѪʪ½྾һŸһۡ
ô˵ôأ
ׯ½ԶãѸ·ֻһĿĵ˿ڲͣѪɼǡֻǿһۣׯûۡ
һ̣Ұϡ
ȡ룬ׯСط˿ڡÿһ룬Ҫ̧ͷһ½Զ½Զ۵亹ֱɫҰ׵ģҲĥ֣½Զ۵ܲˣķϣ˿ھͲȬ
û¡
½Զסׯͣס̵֣ѪȾָļԼ۵Ҫ۵ÿһ񾭶Ҫѣȴڰׯ
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ǡһ£Ҿ졣
ׯǴſǻڻӦǰ˿ڣδһֻۡҪ½Զˣȴ·ԼϣԼ˻ۡ
㱼䣬ߴңԶ
׽ٵʱ½Զ໤ԸԼҲԸаΣա
ֻΪǾ䡪
᲻ܿࡣ
ֺγǣ
仰ֺγǣ
ֺã
½ԶѲǸΪħѾ֪½ԶɽֶԿʥ졣ֻԼȲ½Զϣ޷
Ϊׯӵȥ˵½Զ
ˣȥѰЩҩŻʹ
ׯ룬ֵѪ۶ûüҴҸȥҩժҩߵüʱЩ١˫ְŽʪĲҩ˿ڡ
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ׯɺţļ١Ҫʲôҩܼ˿ںõÿЩ½ԶܵҲЩһһҩÿһ˼
˼ʱͻȻһů⡣Ƽ½Զֿȥ۽ǵᣬЦôˣ˵ңô۵һ
ׯӲ۽ǵʪȣҲ˵ԲأҲ̫ģɤӼС죺ǡ
ԭΪᱻģθ֮ԡʵ⣬ʵʵ½ԶӶ䴵ׯͻȻ§ڻУƿȴֲҲ᲻ƿ
½ԶǼᵽһϤġǣӵĶ㡣ΥϢ˿ȫǸ˵ӰƺߣЩҪֱ׵ܳһĨοġ׽ŪЦݣΪ΢Ϊʲôң
ׯ½ԶգգۣƬ̲ŵػصҡˣû˸ҷǮ
ѰĽڣ½ԶЦ󣬱֪ûɻء½Զδ𴩣ֻ˳Ļ˵ôĵͯǲǸüӹǮˣ
ׯŻĵ˿Ҳһϵɴ½ԶЦŻӦҲ⡣
½ԶأׯӲҵġһһտҲ԰ϴ衣·ͻȻ֮䣬֮ĳĬׯݵĬ
ʣ˵
飬ָʱ
½Զݶɹ̫ű̿ϴů㣬Ҳһů⡣
뵽ǰڰ壬ׯһɹ̫һһǡһµӡʱĴ⣬Ĵĵϲʤ
֣չָ
õʱ⡣
ҵǳΪ㣬ҲС
½Ųׯһߵժʯ½Զ˱ϽһĨϲЦͰ͵طչȥ
ֻҪ㻹ڵĻȻ


157 ʦֹ
¥, ½ԶɽҪ, ˵һ޵
뵽յ쳣½ԶֻʦѾʥ춢ˡ
ɽᰲ⣬½ԶĬδ
ʱ, ͫͻȻɡҲ²⣬Ǿʥõ, ýļơ
½ԶתĲյ, ǹεЦ, ȴͻȻɽ֣صӦһǸ
û㡣
½ԶɽᰵĲյ裬һµ˵
ֻһҲ̫ףͫԳûҹ壬ΪֻȡҵѪ
ɽüͷ΢, ʲôĬƬ̣ڰʥ˵𡮼а
а
ǣͷѪûꡢġ
½Զһ£ȻʧЦҪʧˣûͷѪ
Цӭɽ᰺޲Ŀ⣬ʦ㲻Ҳ֪
ǡ
ɽ̹Ȼϡ
Ѿ˼ҪҵͷѪ, йءֻǵһʧ, һ᲻ֶҵƷڴ֮ǰ, Ӧ֮ǰҵ
ɽӦ, ʣµġ
˶һۣʣµĲԶ
յˮڣ᷿ԭһů, Ȼȴ֪ô¶ȷ·͡½Զյȴˮһ㱡ı
ѩѩôѩ
¥ĺͯͷƮƮҡҡĴѩȸԾ
¥ڵϽߵߣֻѩƮȥֻаװһƬŻǷҶһյĹ򣬾ת붬
½Զ̧ͷȴʾ˫յգɻô£Ѿ
˶Ƭ̣뿪¥һͬȥ³ǡ
飬աʥ쾹֪ںʱԴɺͫȡ½Զ֮ѪʣµģֻҪҵ֮һо󹦸ɡ
ԭʼ
ʥ콫ͫԣҪ󾡿ҵԲĹżʹóĽǡ
𲢲ѣѵǣ֪䡣Կؿб۴ʥ졣

ʥӭԱ˼Ŀ⣬Ӹ£Ӱǰ˶ӰС
У
ḧаèŪ
Ҫʥ᲻ˡ
ʥǰˣĬȴĴ𰸡
֪ʣö֣һö˵ĮɷĴ𣬻һö
һǣ˶٣繳ھʥϡ
ʦС
ɽᰣ
ʥ˫΢أɫͫаӿ˸Ĺ⣬˹һɺУ˼ת
³ǻɽᰱһֱʥǰȥ̸ͣԾܾͬˣ
˼Ǽ䣬ʥͻȻǰֱֶ˵ģ
ɽͷһ˼Ƭ̣ص֪
һΡ
ʥȻû˳ʼĺӣۣĮ÷
ģ
֪
á
ʥһЦɭ졣
Ҳ㣬ҵԼԹԽ
Ȼ˷ȥ֮΢ɽ᰿ȻʧӰĪʥӣĿĲݣֻǲ֪úֶαԼ֡
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ɽڵڣ鿴ܼһ̴ͻȻľ߽˵Ǿʥ챸˵Ĵ
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˻۳ػָԭ״ȡͫͶСͫеѪ֮һоʹ󹦸ɡ
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޶ţʥȼҫաս֮Уּ׹ۣʥէȻ֡
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⻪תѣٷ֮
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158 ԭ
ׯǲ֪Լλġ½ԶѾûмˡ
, ûбۡ
·һϦ֮, 綼ڱ̲סʣٵİɣǼٵİɣ
ô
󣬱֪Ѿׯ, ҪԶ½ԶΪĪׯڡãû, һ½Զ, ֻĬĬ, ĬĬţֱ.
ǣׯˣȴĪһׯ, ׯ
·ںЦׯλ˶ȥö֮ռ½Զߵλá
Σֱ롣
ׯƣߵԵ⣬ն, ȵ½Զʦֻ, ȸѾκ˽롣ֻԵ, ȴ΢ϣ
½Զ֮˵ʲôأ˵λʦֲʦ֣
ֱǺ
ʱ, ׯͻȻʵͷһ
ʼգٵֻѡ
˼䣬ׯڵ, ϽųȥԵ½ԶǼһᣬһĹ¶ڼ
ǰץ½Զĸ첲ԥò֪οڣʵȷʦ𣿡
½Զѣׯʱδʺ򼸾䡣Ȼׯ仰ɫʱһʲô˼
ׯ½Զ⸱ӣż˫ץ½ԶҪ֮ڿڡ
˲棬ֻ֪½Զ϶Ǹׯôʧȥ½Զˡ
ý߬½ԶӣׯҪҵׯʦ֡
½Զ˫΢أñްͷֱׯǱģʵǣ˭ǣ𣿡
ׯĬˣеļд˿̶ûеͷǿֳǿֹǡ
½Զȥ½ԶһΡץ½Զ֣벻֡Ϊһ˿̷֣½ԶԶ
˼ţͷţȴͻȻ½Զץסͷ½Զһ̧ͷһŭͷһ
½ԶŭǷй˵֪˵ʲôңʲôҪҵʦ֣Ѳϻеڶʦ֣
ƫУ׼زׯʹϡ
λشҪλش
еൽߣֻ֮ȫȥԳĬ
ĿԣɼڳĬнһӡǽк֣к
ĳĬ½Զı½ԶץţҪճۡ۵üͷ壬۵õһʹУһ⡣
½Զǹעһ׳ʿ˵һΡ
һΡ
ǿһ飬ָһ¡
㣬ǲʦ֣
򳹵ȼš顱һˤϡ
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˺գׯһ½Զ˲赹ˮż񽻻㣬ׯ˵Щʲô½ԶջĿ⡣
ʣ˵
ڻָ˰
Ϸһֽ½ԶѹֽϣָĲɵô
ռʦ֣ϲͬ־ɡʦֲ
ӻʦֺϲرʦֻôĿҪʦֻҪסʦ֣Ҳʦ뿪
Ȼסʦֺ󣬻Ǳһ㣬͵ƿʦ֡ǰˣãȻգۣĪزԾ
ΪʦֻôİôңԶ·δʶ·δ׽ΪʦϣҲǷݻǣӣ᲻ƶ㡣ֻΥ͸УǵصΥ͸С
ֻķҡ
ǣסʦƿʦֺﾹظĪׯģȻǾ䡰￴ŹĶ⡣
Ȱ˸ӲԼκһ˿һĶ顣
ʦѾص˰
岻֪Ŀ϶ׯЩûĹȻ˿Ҳ⼸ֽ
ʵӦȷȹʦ֣ߵʦׯֻһλׯ
Ϊʦǰ̫һԣǵ˼ǣʶЩͬת
ԭˡ
½ԶһȻȴδɰ֡
ָֽĦȴšһ黨ޱȾᡣ
Ȼʦ֣Ȼ˵Ļʦ֣ǸôԻʦ֡ǣڵõǰȻڴڴʲôΪΣڵõ𰸺ڴһ㣬ޱȳءʧʲô
ϵָֽȼҫֽ˲仯һŻҽ
½ԶαԴ˫۽ա
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½Զ뿪ԵǰȥȸǣݻЦգЦҲЦ
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֪黹½Զ⼸նʦӰ룬ҲֻŶѣܾûˡȻﲻͣظԼʦ֣ʦ֣ʦֻΪԲźǰ̫һ
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½Զ΢΢üֻЦʦֵԴ˵˯ʦֻجεġ
ʦ̧ͷ½Զ۽ǵʹɨ޹ίûǵ˰ָ̣յĿţһһЦǵģ
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½Զգۣмֲãί˵ڶҡ
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԰ɲδǰ˵Ĳ½ԶϵЦίСֹһֻΪʦֺãʦôôҡ
˶ӣ½Զٴа¿ˮƬ̺ʦڷŹſϣðɣˡҵӦأ

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ׯı죬վڴ߿½Զ߽Ӧأ
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½Զׯüͷ塢˫΢ίģķңϲϲ˭𣿡
ׯץס½Զĸ첲һ̬Σʵ͸ҵģԺҵģƾʲôҪûȥҲϲҵĶ͸ǲϲ
ׯܹʾһ£ʵ½Զ᲻õġƫƫ˶ͷϣƺѶԷˣͻˡ
½Զץסׯ˱ƽûһ˿飬ʲôʸ񷴶ԣ
ΪҾǡ
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½Զۿׯʵʲô
ׯͷĬǳĬ۵޷ڣʹܿڡ
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159 ԭ
ʦֻԭӦһޱϲ, Ȼ½Զȴ֪Ϊ, Īƣᡣ
ԭռŵȸӦֵģȻȴֻгĬ
½Զʦֵʱ, Ĭ½Զׯʱ򣬻ǳĬʦ, ȷڶ㡣ִĿİ, ĵᡣڶʦֺׯദʱر
ǲʦյĲͬ, ǲׯֹ˵ԼϾ޷ʦֵϲһ˿һѷ졣
ȥʹ֡
Ϊϲʦֶڵģϲ, ҡҡ׹ʲôڵ壿
ǲúӵʦ֣ʦ֣͹¿࣬ʦֵˡÿÿӵʦ뻳ķεΥ벻, ͵ֺبʦ֮䡣
ʦֵЦ, ûȻĶ, ֻһġʦǲǰЦ۾й⡱عʱ, ֻʣޱ޼ʵãȻͿ顣
Ŭ˵ԼʦֻԲŻЩһôΪʦֺ͹ȥ̫һ˶Թأ
ǲжѹֻҪһʦ, ͻһӿ
ģһʦֻ֣̩ɽѹƣ

εҡͷ
½Զ͹ļ尾ʱѵһյݺݵعϡӵ˼ʱжϣ̧ͷ²յߵׯõվס
ׯתһ̲̾಻ɬұ֤
ԭΪ½ԶҪѣׯ˳ڶǶµ׼ȴԷЦһһתȻʵʲôң
ׯһ£شȴűȻƿ˭󣬷еĲϤ飬ƴ˴˿̵Ĳ̿֡
ʦŶ룬þվſڣʱĿʦֽ㡣
ֻһۣǷݲ̡̿
ׯͻȻûɵĻš
񡭡Ī֪Щʲô
ʦֽƹׯֱ½Զׯԭţ˿ͻȻˡȥȸǣ½Զ˶ʱЩʲôǲ²ֻû˶ǰˣײ
Ҫ½ԶǸʲôģ
˼ˣǹɲʧӰ٣תһ˿߿ǡԴˣ
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ʦ˵ʲôôأ
½ԶϽӭ§סʦֵͷЦ
ʦôˣ
ţֻһ㣬ţʲôȥ
ͺˣʦֺαһˣô䣬Ķˡ˵½Զסʦֵ˼£ȡ
վڽׯ۶ҪȥｫĻ˺ü顣һϲʱȴͻȻʦֻعͷƳһۡ񣬽еĳȫ顣
ȻоһΣȻϮ
ׯʦָ½Զָָʵ˭
½ԶϵЦЩ٣͵ҵͯĪׯ
Ұɡ

½Զɵؿʦ֡
ͬɵĻׯǷΣմ˿֪˼򵥡
ׯδӾͷʦַ޷޵㲻Ը⣿
½ԶֱӾֻܾƴǣҲԸ⣬Īׯëëŵģź򲻺ʦ֡˵ʦֵģҲҪˡ
ʦȻûţĵ͸ҷԼߣ
ƺǱʵĿˣ½Զʱƿԣ㲻ٿʦ֣ⲻһ
Ĳһ
½ԶԥƬ̣ϽЦǺǵתƻ⣬սʾãõ͹𣿻ȥѰС̷ʦֺòã
ʦɫһ½ԶϵȻ֪ˣң᲻áԭΪûʲô㲻ˣ⼸춼ңԭУһԸǵĺ£Һαǲʹ졣
䣬ʦƿ½Զתȥ½ԶһסػյֺõʦֱҴ˺òãҴˡ
Уׯ˿Ҳסˡֻ뿴Ϸʧ꼰㡣
ǰ§§ĶˣһĲõʹҵ𣿡
˽תͷԼҲȥ
ʦֲδׯľܾƳһۣ½ԶʵģоȨ԰ɣ
½Զ˿ˣͷšһ
á
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ЩûʲôֻһҪ㿴Űɡ
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ţ㱼䣬ֻ޵ݡׯֻһմմϲ֮󣬻һͿصŪС
˿̣һ͵ߣһʧߡ
ĪĹϵ͸оׯպܳһʱڣʦֵĵѣ޷̹Ȼؾܾ
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ŵļᶨʱȫϨׯʦֵĿ⣬½ԶҲΨһϣ
½Զһ̻һͺá
½ԶȺУ½Զ̧ͷɨһۺ󣬾ͷٿ
˳Ĭã˭ڵһ𰸡
գ½ԶͷڣĪׯԺ󡭡ˡ
ׯֻ౻شһȭ˵ĳơ
žȻţ½ԶһĪׯһ翵ƫ̻ܹһׯġ
У塢ꡢʮɵġ᲻ɴݵС˿̣֪ϲǱ
һƬţ½ԶʦѾ˫˫뿪
ׯҲվȣǽڳסӡȴ·𱻴һ㣬ƬڻѪ⡣
ûϲûκһֵȸԾϲ
ֻУϼӱ
ȸǵȻù
ׯʦֿڵʱ򣬾Ѿµ˻ᱻѡ
ȻϣԽһ͸ûЪ˲赹ˮɨزһ˸ʮ˵ĻƫƫʦֻеûŹڼͷ
ׯԹʦֺ½ԶǶԼң˵ķʽһģһҲͨˣֻڿڡ˿̸ɵĿ¾ƴ¡
˼ˣׯҲûô߿ˡǿ˵˵㣬ݡʦǰٲϲ½ԶԴ˶ǿͿġ֪ȫ£ûڵһۼͰɱˣô˵Ҳˡ
ׯεҡҡͷҰһŭԹƽϢ˲١ѾˣûҪԹˣСǼʲôӡ
ȻôģԼһģһԼ۵øһƫƫ˻·һȾǰϾָʹ
˵Ǽٵġ
ѵһһݺݵһţ֭絽棬ʦֵϡȻׯδΪŸճѾ̵ͨ졣һ˦ȻԳԲ
ȥʱͻȻӭһ롣ŵȫԴϣṣ̌Ѿ̺졣
ׯ۵õһϻĴʹ·һյͨƤϡ
ʦֶԼǳЦ⼤ȫ÷ŰοԼǷ˷ĩǰӡ
ͷҵʦϣŽྻŵİ£˿ȫաҶճϣˮ˳յǼζŻ
ʦͬ÷ׯݺݵ£
ׯʾֱͦصϹ¹ĸʦƾι㣿
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ܿͳδƬֱ̾һţʮ£Ҳվصعڵϡ
δׯ۹һˮǰڵ඼·ֹ̧ͣͷӸ߶ʦ֣Ǹ񣬷·ڿһֻǱˮ
֮ʣͷһȥ
ȺץׯֲˮﰴׯƴִҪǲҪ룬ܸܵ˫ְȥʹࡣ
ſңҹ
ׯʼҧץ첲ˣѪ˶ɿһ˿һ
ʦֶָׯģЦſ㣿ԣҿͷǸҾͷ㡣
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ׯͷֱǲɺļ
ʦһüˮȺ̻⣬ץׯ˫ʹȥ
̵ˮ۽Ҫڻׯҧ촽ǿ̺ʹĺУһɥ֮ȮǺ
ͨô
ʦǵЦ̣ׯԲϵͷˮƳһۡ漴ٵʵˮ
ׯ۵ôһҧס촽Ѫ´ҧһ⡣᲻ܿƵӿۿ޷ѹԼǱ޷˫ֵʹࡣ
ֱϵƤɿ壬̵ˮԴԴϵعֱϣպֱ.ֱᴩơ
˭ȾһҲã˭á
ׯͷǵѪϵεδڵϣ۵ûȥʡʱϵʹͻȻɱŴ۵ʱѹ
Ϊ˷ֹιȥˮصؼΡ
˭Ⱦ˭˭ûϵ˭ãû
ׯصҭϣйص˶ˣûˡǲйأׯйأׯׯʦѣЩѣûѡ
ԭ.ʹʹƯ
˵֣ԭ
ԭû֮ΪԼţƷ͵ߣڷеĻ︯õĹʵ
ǣһ뵽ˣ½Զ
½Զǰ˵Ҳ֪ɡͿʼǧҪ½Զ֣ǧҪ½ԶĿԼǱͲ״󣬻޶ԵվʦߣüЦغǸˡ
ҪǧҪ
ϵϣ½ԶҪ֣ȴܿƵڴ½Զܹ֡һأһ½Զһ㲻أ
һһĻ
ץǵ΢һھҵʹѪύ֯Уյͷ
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ԶһĪׯһƫ̻ײһׯȫġ
ô½Զô
ׯ۵־壬ľȻģԲ𡭡ҴˣԲ𡭡
Բˡ
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ԴׯʱǰһƬ谵һӰʣ½ԶдŽ뵣ǣֿĹСǼһᣬۿ΢ȣȪӿ
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½Զֱۣز۽ǵᣬڴĲ̣ԲԲˡȥʦˣ֪
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ׯ̧˫֣ŰʵʵƣĬá
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ׯɳĬǰͻȻͺס½Զסˡֻǵͷû˵ʲô
½Զһӣ˼䣬뿪
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ǰ½Զ˿ֻۡҪׯˣʲôԸ⡣
ÿκʦ֣ޱƣǰδеۡ
½Զվ⣬Ĭáһ׳ʿŽȥ


160 Թ
ϵ˻ָû, ½ԶÿձׯҩȻ˺ܾ, ܽؿһۣԣѾ㹻ˡ
ׯԳЦһ, ֪ʱˡ
˯һ, ׯͷ, , ´ˮȡͻȻƿ̧ͷһ඼һ¡
ʦ֣ż, š״󲽳Ƴһׯ֣һЦʮ̹Ȼָò
ׯһ侲Ӧ˵գɲʲô, ǵȲ, ֱӿˡ
ʦһ, ֶ, Ӹµؿڴϵׯװˣµܲɫ, ҵ͹ˡ
˻һׯǿ㷲ڳأû֮ľ壬Ҳǳصɡ
Ȼ֪Ҳûʲôöܵˡ
ׯʼ磬̩ȻȻ㶼֪ˣҲûʲôġûͨһСҲûϳҡ㼴ɱңҲΪѡԣҪô
ɱ㣿
ʦ֮ԱǣׯָҪϹͷ
ɱ̫ˣҲ֣ȴһɢҵùȣܻ֮Ҳ졣֮⣬ʹǡ
ʦֵָϷ֮ׯ°ʱࡣׯͷǰΪ޶Ť˫۷죬ƴޡҧгݵ˵ҵңֱ
ׯԴӣЦһ̹ȻԣڿҺĸ飬ֺﵽԼĿģ˭ģ
һʱĿ֮Ըʦֲʹ죬ҲͬԼʹ졣һȭƫᵽϣׯһԴײϣ۵õһѪ
ʾȭͷӦ˲˫ֵˣһֻקסʦֵ½һֺֻݺݵȥ˶۵Ť
ʦײǣ˲ͺסǱŭˣݺݵشǰקסׯ㲻ׯ򵽰ĲݡȻʱһᶨȻ񣬷ǹŭ̼任˱ʲô
ȭͷͣڰգʦֽקׯǰ½֣ȥһˡ
ׯóʦħ硣ﻹЩ޷޲ƽǰǧټүүҪȥÿζ½Զץȥÿαץȥ˵Ĺϵ㡣
½Զʹǰǣׯȥ硣
Ҳׯˡ
ţǰ˺ͣ½ŲׯſѯʣȴʦͻȻŵܵһλŮߣĵؽӹŮӼϵľԼϣһ߸һ߹е𱸵˵˵صĲһô죿бһ˵أ
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ׯһ·ϳĬǵĶԻòʦλŮʶѾãһֱڰ
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ʦֽϵľŮͳǴЦ˵ժ˼ʯСׯҪҪ
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ׯСׯþòƽŮӵЦݣ㱼䣬иһ˵ģҲ
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ׯɫ԰׵ŮӣȻε촽ûһ˿ѪɫŵüۣϤ˻
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㡭㡭
Ρ˼˰뱲ӵˡ
˫ӿһʪȣׯӹһ㣬ű˫֣˵ҡҽĪׯܲҲһСׯ
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˵ЦЦָׯСׯȻָʦ֣ҲСׯ
ƺǷʲôƵ˸߲ңǶСׯԼĶӣҵĺԺҪҪҲСׯأ
ׯһ¶ӣ̧ͷ㡣ͷͬ⣬ظȥƺС߶ӵĶ΢ĸо־ϲʼˣûȡָ֣ȴͻȻһƬɺ졣
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ׯվһԲ֪룬ʦԼʾԼȥ
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ͬдʰ־䣬ۡʲôеؿʦ֣ڣȴ³˼ǰ֪˴𰸡
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ׯ˫ȷⳡԻɡ
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ׯԣһףһ
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С½Զգգۣһһ˵ҽаƽİ
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СӳԵǾüЦĸģ½ԶҲЦ֮УׯԼ
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½ԶׯɻӣúЦҪ˵ڶ飿
ׯߵ̨ʢһµһŵݵ½ԶǰʱԼŶѵԼԵν½Զʵò֡
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ׯ㬵صͷšһ
½ԶͻȻЦüȴмϲ⣺ʦҲû¹ԡ
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ׯǰźɰȲӼ˼ϤζǿҴ̼񾭡
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½Զسһ棬̧ͷ˿⣬ٿһׯ룬˵ʱˣҾͲˡȥʦָֻûþͲҪϴˣȥ˯
ׯҪصͷ
½ԶԵö᲻̧ͷ̿ó𣿶᲻̧ͷ
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½ԶԭȤЦͻȻˣׯԴģ֪ΪЩį뵥
ĬǳĬ
½Զһׯ˵ˣҸûˡȥǵòҩЩ˯ɡ
ׯͷšһ
½ԶѾԶѳһţɢȥĻѾϨ𣬻ҽﻹһ˿¡ˮѵνδδ
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ǴοԺׯԸоʦֶĵѲ.ϵĥ, ҲһֱԸҼ顣
Ϊζ, ߱ȫȫʦС
¸ɴֻ, ֮ʦⷽΪѷɲ١Ļٲһֱ¿¡
磬ۼ½Զʦܡ
, ùź½ԶʦͥԺ¡ׯŲվ󣬱ʰԶԶ, ۲Ϊʦƺǲµ˼ӲҪ˲赹ˮ
, վšǳţš⵹ûʲô, , Ǳţֻܸɵۡ
½Զʦ, ǰѧﻰָϵԲ»ɫرȻ, ʱ±
ͷ, ʦͻȻվ½Զϣ˫ֹסĲӡ½Զһ, ʦֱֵǵҾơȻ, ûĶȸԾ, ȡ֮ķǷ벻á
Ҳ֪ΪΣΥİӵһվУδ, ̡
½Զͷ㵣˫ֻʦԷˤȥܲ࣬ȴ֪ģʦʱʶƳһվһԵׯ
пׯЩŭ½ԶĪӿһɽźͲͺ񡭡׽.ڴƵģ
Ī
½Զĸ֣ĪĪķƣĪĪĲ
ǰϲʦǰϲʦһҲֿ
ôˣΪʲôʦֿʱֻƿΪʲôʦʱֻƣͷꡣΪʲô˿̺ʦܣһһ˵Ŀ⣿
Ī
ڳ֮ʣǰͻȻһյơ½ԶʦιȾƣľȻʦʦ֣
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½ԶԼӹյڿʦɫ֮ﷸԥƬ֮ջ˳ʦֵ⡣
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½Զ÷ŵĻȫʦãȻգۡ
ͬ𾪵ĻһԵׯ仰ʦԽ½ԶļͷͶĨʱ֪ǹġ
仰ǹģι½ԶȾǹģǰ֣ǹġ
ׯߺ㣬ʦװס
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ֻ½Զһ֪
Ϊ½ԶΪϲαҪҪҪɱҪУգۡҪİ˺ͱ˲ǧлҪʹ
ׯվԭأûڷлһȥʦִ½Զ˦ȥȻץ½Զ·󺰣Ҳʦ֣
Ҳ
ͥԺׯǰ˵Ķˣ˫ֽȭ˼Բ֮ʣӵ˼ǣҡߺȻ˵Ӱ뿪ŲԶĽ
뿪Ƭ֮صػׯվԭأؿǰһһЦޡ
Բ£ƼˡŨʱȻͻȻһУԭӦµŨһǡ
ׯʦִ½Զһֻϣŵɫ԰סŵķŭڿǱģ󣬵ʱɢֻʣ¹Ƶóѵĵͺ顣
ɴӣһ͵Ϯ澡ʧһ͵Ϯֶαɡ
ׯεؿЦҡͷ֪ʦȪ֮µ֪󣬻᲻ôʦŲҡ
󡹦ˣ׳ׯΪĬƬ̧̣ۿ½Զʦִæ뿪޵
ͥԺֻʣׯеϲ󡡣ׯԳʼ磬Ĳгһӣ׳ʿ֮󣬱ҡڵػԼݡ
ֶȻʣЧǼõġʦַҲûα翵档
ׯ֣Ͳһһ߻ݡ˵Ӱ죬ԼʱΪɡ
ᶯͳԴף˻ޣΪǵǶˡ
νˡ
ׯѵȻ
һˣο½Զ࣬ΪˡȻʥһδһղðɽܹ黹ϣġΨһҪĵģֻ½ԶİΣϦ֮⣬ʦֵĽϾ
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һȭׯʱðǡͷĿѣѾȺӽһ谵޹Ĳ񷿡ľš顱һرգׯôҶҲȺԶ˿Ǻ˺Ҳû
ԾͲˣׯúݺţ˼ǽ¡Ȱһ˵ɡ
Ѿˣĵûйûޱӷ϶ﴵϥǷ
ⴵεľ֨ѽ졣ׯȴ޾⣬ߵĺХ䡣ȻڷԼЩ
ׯϸ·һ˻˻˻ǷǷľǡ
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ׯʶ·ˣǽڣǰ˷߰ΧҲӲӲʱֻо侲߸ܵĹԣΪűЩ̳Դ
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ׯҲŲסˣϽʽȥĺоԼڱѹнϢվϵȫܲ˵س嵽űߣƴš
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ûΪʲô᲻ãûɵ᲻áĪۣĪðϤԭ͸ʦ֣ԭ͸ׯദʱ
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ׯܾͣ½Զ꣬ץ½Զ·µذ󣺡ҪߺòãҪߡ
½ԶĬƬ̣ʦؿбעӴϵĶˣõã㲻ǲǣҲ㣬úԺͲؽҷˡ
вĻʦַȥ˦½ԶһݾıӰ½Զʦַŭ뿪׷ȥֱׯš
Īׯԣú˯һ𣿡
½Զǿׯ֣رѡ
ҪȥˣҲʦԲҲˣһ𣿡
ׯӱץס½Զ°ڣ˲κϺ档һֻҪһֱۣϢоͬڰ޳ĲϡֻҪ½Զһ¶ѣΪʲôԸҲˡ
½ԶǸʦ֣۵Ҫȥץ½Զ·Ը֣ͷСૣǡ
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²ʹļ仰ׯһԽԽԶıӰ½Զ뿪ˡ
Сƫᣬȼաׯδ˿յ䡣ɱĵĺ˷Ϯͬһһŵ߱Ƶ·
ű죬ɼСһţʪһ鱻ӡ
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ڣ½Զ̤żʦֻδ˯һߵС̽ʦǰ˺ܺõġ
ʦתʵڲˣ
Ҳǡ
½ԶǰһίرԹ
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˵ҲɣôС˶ˣʦˣģҹܽһˣŶˣˣ˰ɡ
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½Զɫʱʮѿѻ˵뿴ͱ˵ʦ֡
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ʦֱּһظ֡
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ġһȭݺݴ½ԶϣٿĪ磬ƺץѱһ顣һֱʱʦ֮Ľ٣һֱѾʼбĸ顣
ΪһֱΪ㹻ʦֵġ
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ǲϲˣ˵ׯôˡҪô¼
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ȥ˼ʦǰĲֻͬҪһ뵽ʦпܻ뿪޷ȥ⡣
ֻҪʦֲ뿪ôá
ǣôͱأ
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162 
ϵ˺ԺׯֿʼͿʦֶֻ֮δ, ָʹŸǡׯﱾѻ, ڿʦµģ, ǻֱͷð
ܣʦҲù
ׯһյ, ޷޲ƽڲһкҩŽƵĶһ뵽ʦֶڵɫҰǱӣŤ黨Ĳչһ㡣
ԴﻹڻʦָγϵĿģ, ׯǿŲЦƿšһ, 㿴ʦ½Զ˫ֹĲ, չȥ, һڡ
ƽϢŭ˿̵ʱԭձҰׯòյζڵĶƺſڵĶ, ׷̧ͷ
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½ԶҪ˵Щʲô, ǽôҪ˵ôҪµطԸź
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ҡ
½ԶǺƿԣúøׯǸͣô˵ȴ˸ӡ
ͷֱׯʱʱ̧ͷһۡƳׯһϸ΢˿ڣǱ֦Ƶģȥʮ۵ʵ۲ۣ
ׯŻһӻ𣬴˿½ԶˮϸŻ˲Ϩ˲١ͷϴһů⣬ഥ䣬ͷһ¶ָ⸧ĵطȼ⡣
ʯĳˣ˿Ҳòׯ︹Լûô򵥾ܱ򷢣ҡ
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½Զ֪㿪ʼͶι
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½Զ̳˻ΣһζûУһ˦ͻȻһƺߡ
תͷһŷ־̳ӵʦϡ½ԶϽǸʦֲδջ𣬰½Զļʯϣ˳ϣЦʵС鲻ôһܳȾƣ
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½ԶҵգۣʦӵĿ⣬Ͻתƻ⡣
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ڵ½Զͬܣ˫ֳʦ࣬ǿԼһĨЦӦʦֵڴһһԼҪ߰飬ֻҪרעʦ־ͺˡ
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½Զ̧ͷһۣĬƬ̣صа


163 ໤
ȸ, ʦվڴߣͫɫѪ˸Ĺâ
ʦֿͫºĿ𽥱ú, ˭֪½ԶȻף˿;ŻӽӴʱѾ㹻ͫȡ½ԶĻ꣬˷۱, һ
зתâɱᡣӦǰ׹ׯ£ָﰵӿ
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ҹϰϰɽһŰһְԴĬã˵Ժסϰ𣿡
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Σ֮ʣͷйâۣɱ֮ɨޡɽᰳȡ߰飬ƴӡ
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ʧȥǵغޣȴҲûְԴ
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æµۣ϶ȵЦݡճϢɼҵ˼, ˻, ֻΧĸַķҲֻҪĸ֡
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СһɤӣһЦλүʱ䵽ˣСѧһ»λƺ١
ÿ綼С˵һΣżǳһ֡෹󣬳Ա˾ֵּң
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ѽ
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Ҳ˵ħͱʥסˣôִܳħϹɡ
С˿ûòһ϶Լû˵ִŵλ磬զ;Ͳħħͨ󣬾ʥǵССļκεҪû˵ʥôʧأ
Ӵ˸ãھƾ·Ӧٶۣ㬵˵һģӽӻǻж˵;ʥһģħһ
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165 ⡤ִ룩
޾ĺڰ, ӷ·Ԩڲͣ׹ߴķ磬Լ˭ڻԼ֡
ׯ, Ϻǧʯѹšǰǰɫ컨壬עҺԱ߹šǡҽԺ
ѾԺһˣׯҲ˱ҵ͡ѧУ˱ҵ, ͽһҵʵϰûϡͿػԣϡͿϤļˡͬѧɿôİ
ѾϰΪׯڣȴòعε
˰Ͱع⣬һֱѰϵͳ˸վûһǰϢǱƪС˵·Ʒ, ½ԶǸקԿħ, ʦׯ½ԶУ»Ǹ, ·һжǻþ, һΡ
ׯһпվˢ΢ע˺ܶ໭֡дֻ֣뿴ģ½Զ˺ܶ½Զܱ߶լһϲһֽƬˡ
ȴ֪ݸ飬жֿ񶼲Ϊ˵Ҳ
ׯһһĶԭ, һһѰκй½ԶϢС˵еׯ½Զͬˮûκһ˽顣
ԷׯһĲɵذзһߵͷˢֻ·һСƳĻʱ;ϲشչЦҲ·
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Զ޷ǣûûҹ̳΢Ҫҵׯ½ԶصϢһcpУСػظˡ½Զxׯ⼸ֺ󣬱һȺ˿˼ǧ
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ڵǰ޸Ĳ߻һ󼱴ٵĽŲ̧ͷֻͬ½һļ˦ϣΣǩ֣㿴㶼ʲô
ׯļڿǩʱͻȻɬһ˲䣬·еŬֱֽ֣Ȼдš½Զ
Ϊˣԭݸȴһֲײķʽѿ
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