صС˵www.27txt.com ȥС˵
½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ

Ǵ޺š
ߣҢ


1 

˳ѩ
ŲִٸƵϲĿĹ뷿ĿڲһĶС
ŨѪӿ͸˹Ŀڵơ
գü޸󽫾ĶһԺζģ޶竣Ϊƽޣ˶֪Ǹ檡
ĵճŮ䵽檣
Ц
ǰǺʱֻǸд򣬿ĸ׳ºиձȨս˾ˣ
ּ빬̷ʺ󣬽ǰԶӽڶ»£ֻжγ
Ц
ǰж⣬жҡ
˾սԶűĸײʡ
ڵ¶꣬ȫȻ֪Ψһĵܾܵڸб˺
ʹ˲дʶֻأץǿơ
ǰƿ˴ǰģ
򴽽ƹĲϣŶţԶĴұˣԺԶˡ
һ𣬲Ӧ˵Ӱɢ
ڣ
ɤ֣ƴȫȴʲôץס
Ȫ·䣬ȵҡ
Ĺ뷿գɴקأѪӣչһѪޡ
ĿѪһĨܵĹȾѪл͸𽥱һĻи֡
εʢǧתѪе
С㣬С㣡ѣѣ
ڶ߼Ϥ
ۣץסؿڴϢ˺һǿ۽ߡ
̴ľ㣬طҲϤ
С㣬С㣬جˡ
ɫɴһᣬŲԼ긾ˡ

ǵãظ󲻾þȥ˵ġ
ǲ˼ĵԲ۾ʳ󣬡̣Ǻ£
һ£ʮ¡
ꡭꣿ
ɫ㱵ӣȻųģԶºҹҹѡ
Сү⣬һ·ġ
סǵ֣̾С㡭ˣСүѲˣһȰͷ°ɣ𣿡
ǱۣŬԼ侲侲
ʶĿڣǿȻؿڣʵϸ壬֮ůİסϵһĻֺǻУ쳣鶯
ͨ仨಻˵飬𾪵ȴǽû
ȥݣȻһֱߡ
 

2 

ҶɳɳСɽҹѾˡ
ǺȻǰڵ¶ڣҲҹһЩھٵ£
ǸܼȻͨߵѾߣ˽̣Ҫǿ
֮ʣ˾ˡ
뵽һǽڡ
̣أ
һǸѾͷ˵Ը˯ˡ

ǵǰ·̾Ǹ˵ҹ˯̫ô󶯾֪
ţЦЦû¡ֻͻȻЩˡ
Ե٣ѵ˵ϽСԵȣȥ׼
ߺƹ硣һؾСãųұ߰һľ齡ֻվƬ̣Լϸ
ǰעĶʱĵЩ
˸Сףһֻϸ˽
һ󵭵ĻϮ͵ظƤܿƵشգ۵ĹŰʧȥ֪
ƻɡ
Ƭ̺ӰǱű̽ͷΪ׵ĳһ˫ۣһ
죬ȥүˡ
һʮ꣬һС˵Ĵ硣ȥү°Ƕд͡ţ
ת͵ؿʲôһûгͱһֻֿסӡû£۵ڵϣȥ
춯СŤͷһûȿ壬һʹ
ͨˤ˸Уͷʵʵڵϣĵû˹ȥ
ŵˣһɫװ߽á
ɨһ۷ڵΣͣƬ̲ƺѵߵ߶£ͷ
۽ڼգţƺҪŬ
ϣΪ԰㲵һĨůɫ΢üȴɲĨȥİˡ
һᣬָḧü䣬ƺΪƽĨֵļůЩʧ񣬲軭һü
изڣȴվûгڡ
ջ֣򱡴ŷóһö°ɫıǶˡ
ǰס˺ʵδֻ̫࣬ҩ̫Եٻмܡ
ڡ
δɢҩԣѣΪҪˡ
Ϥ¶ȣϤϢϤ
ò׸ģЩȴƭ˵ġ
Ů˵СʶǰץӣֻûĽü׽סС֣̾˿ľȥ
 

3 ظ

Ķݣ֪ҪˡĲſۣʲšлȡ
˲һ٣򴽿ڣ޷֮͡
̧ۣȴĶѾˡ

֪ΪΣʶ֮С
ǰ£һüŶƣ
ǿԶһհλʧЦ˵ͻӺҹȥķ񡣡
ǰλߵдţĸ½ѩұߵģû֡
΢΢תͷǸհ׵λӹһ˿ӣȴû˵
⣬һ˱ŽƳڵ۲͡⻹ˣͲøŮˣ
磬ӾҪˣ߰ɡ
һתһۣ˲֪·ڴˣŻΪáǡ
ӡ
΢ٲûͣʧҹɫ
ƬڰмʹʱŲ죬һ̻ˡ
Һһǰס񣬻붨ҹˣֵúܴ󣬹˳ʱǿ˯¡
峿ʱѾھǰϺױ
еŮúüԶɽĿ̶СɵٵĴЩ÷мݣü仹һ˿㲣ֳ˵
ȳʺ˵̣߷屸ǳ緹ͻظ
һ㶣һϲɵ˿æ˵С㣬ͨˡȥźãݼҵġֻ¶㲻
ǷĿ΢䣬˶ٲ˵ȥʰһ°ɣ˳ø壬ͬµϽµƣϬ¯һȥطô˵ǰҲʱڣŵܵ˸ϻظУȴ˲ӵ˵ܵܵҽΣúõ˳˷ˡһΣôɵı㡣ӣԻԸó
꣬˵׺󣬸߷ش뾰򡭡ָһ£ǽһʱž򵽶ŵȡ
ĻɻС㣬ǡΪѽǶ̵ңǵŮҶôġ
ȱʣ֪ܿˡ
ʱĿ̣ྩǵķȥ
ƿŽнԶĵ¶òջߣĿӹһ˿Ȼ
粻ֹֻԼıˡѾ̫ãԸ̶Ըϵü
ΨһͬܵܣȻץָ
 

4 

δʱһΡĸۡǰͣ¡
Ǹ³Ƴһͣڼ⣬룬תͷȥ
һ˫ĿҲ
ʮ£һߺһٲǧҶȹϸҶüѻ˳촽ͿŨͷຬ鲽ҡܽն׹񻣬˿ˡϧӣȴЩݻޣ˼㡣
ͬĸãС¡
ǵӹһ˿ȣ̶Ŀһ俪ڵΪ˭㲻ڵ¶µ񣬻
ǰСǰӭǣ⻰͵ס˽ţһۣɫˡ
һţתתͷЦһ£ԭáҽͻˡ
һ̶۽һѵءТһȥ꣬Ϊֻǡòʱˡ
δʱˣ
йŮʮǰףʮǰޣɽͶʮһˡϹҳз˷ʳԲʱˡ
С㣬㡭̱ɫ΢䣬Ҫά
ס֣ӹһ˿ĸɥТڹǹвʸĸȿԼһµĵñ˵⻰֪˻˵̫٣֪˻˵㲻ĸ㲻áҲˡһ䡣
û뵽ôشԶԣͷȴһаЦصȻöࡣǲܴӶŽǼŻǵȡתߡ
ȵȣ
ҲǸģվסţʣ
֪þáҿĸأ
һ㶣һɣڵ˵Сš
ôã
ǣһ䵭ݴ̼һնػش
ڵˣһɨǰĸСʣǾҲţ
̬мֹŹ֣С˻һۣһµС˴˸ǧƤЦⲻЦػش𣺡С㣬̵ңСĻҲǲ밤򡣴Сһ£ǲҪΪǰɡ
Щ۵Ĺūš
ȳǳ⣬ٴΰס֣赭д˵ǵŴһˣסĶͷġ
С㣡
ƺûֻ˵壬ȥСš
 

5 

鸮šСšСūǽģݵĹºʹѾ߶ţǡǽţֻӭ
СŶȥС˻һֹۣ˼䣬һŷɱȥ
ʱѾݡû˵꣬һѾ߽̣үۣ˵۵ܲˣ򡣡
һжһ˵𣿸һʱò˵ģҩš
ǡ
Ѿ߷˳ԺּҵĽˡ
̣С˴˵ССŻظסģ
ûסһѻºһּҵģŭ㵱ңֱӰϳȥˡ
ûдŮһоʣôͻȻˣǰûţ
ûСôţ
˼һ£˵и𣿾ǰɡ
ɡ
ʲô˵ûּҵһ䣬ǵߣһ˵Сȥ
ˣиϸ˵̣Сȥһ޷ģǡǹȥóʲô©
һۣ˿ȻСӭһӭɡ
ڰʱС˳ɨһ̣Ը̣ȥš
ǰˣǶ˷붨һʹߡ̲סʣС㣬ΪʲôҪСţд
̲ҪżЩͻ֪ʲôӿڳЦһ£߽СţҲСЦ
˸û߳ʮһӭЦ񡣡Сˣȥ
СȻҪؾŸ󡣡ǹ²ģûػش
Ÿǰסӡ
Ÿ󡱣µĿһҪ˵һ쬵Ÿסšסȥ
һεĿ¶ơһʮ꣬һ
ǿǸ߳˸˵С㣬ūּҵģ̷Ըū澴ȥ
ʾﲻҪǵ߰ɡ
鸮һĶС¥¥ǰʯ·䣬߲䣬ҳϹ˿Ұݳð˸ߡ
佻̫һֱãʮˡ
 

6 ܵ

佻ǰּҵվס˵СĲɣûˡūʰһ£ίСסš
ų¾ɻߵ佻󣬳Ҳ̲סˣһŭּҵģʲô˼СǸӣôסӣ
ԣһ£һתͼȰɩӱǻòɣûǰ˵һȽŰɡ
Ѿͷ˭ӣⷬٵķըˡ
ߣ˵ʵҲд˭˭ѽ⸮ǽ㵱Ұɣ̣¶üһš߹ⷢӡ
ǡʱŲּҵĻͷһæЦ̣
һ겻ʮ˿
Ƥ𪣬շ飬ϸµü޵Ĵ֬ȥ˺ܵβƣͷ䣬ޣ߰˸ѾߴӵԵ̵ɡϧüԸߣ۽бɧ࣬ׯ㡣
ϹµĶ١
ϹȢ߷檣ͨѾ߲ơֻз½һŮһӣŮǣүϽ̡̫жŮһӣСŮ̫һŮС
ǰ½徣ܼȨ䵽ϽҲտ
վٴһǣ̲˵С⣬һʱ䶼Ųˡ
ɨһּҵģʣŸӣȷֻţ
ǵģ̡ûˡʰʰͦõġ
ٸּҵĳϷգ˵ＸʱǵŮҪסݣ̹
ԣһɣָųʻūŵĲʲô죿ءˣӡ
ûǷӦסʾ˿һ񣬵˵ȻûӣɡͷԸʰһ¡


벻һĮĸŮһʱһȭ޻ϵٲ˵ּҵģʰһ¡
޴ãЩ벻ͨ˼ž뿪
ߣ˵⼸̶һֱõտ֪סģòˣҪȥ
Ƥһǵʲô˼˼һ¾˵ᵽ¸ˡǰˣΡСҹȥɡ
¸ֻһ䷿ԺＸͺվţҶǱ紵ôѾûɵһţһʣһ
ſԺӣѾһķܣ΢ٲһ˿ŭȴȥ
 

7 Ϸ

ŲѾ̧ͷһ񣺡̣
ۣټͷôүģүô
Ѿ߻ûش𣬾ҽС
ۣۣҩߡˡ
Ȼսеȭͷȴֻ¶һĨԾɫüʣʲôҩôѳԣ
˶ʵһ㶡һѾתۿǣתش𣺡С㣬ҩر࣬ү¿࣬˿ۣԡ
Сӡȥ
˵һ䣬Ųߡ
ıӰٸ벻ͨĺ«ﵽʲôҩˣ룬ʾŮϡ
ĳЩɡ
£һŷɫ࣬亹˳ŶʡץסأһزҽС
ۣҩԣˡ
үү㲻ҩ˾ͺòˡү̣ҩͺˡһͯͷǺؿȰȴЩʡ
ԵİϣһںҩɢζЩɬζ
һĻǲغҧһ´
ס߹ȥ̶
ѰϽ̴һ£һʱ̧ۣͷһ˲ϲ
㣡
ץס֣ܵ͵ؾ
ʮ걾ǽ׳ʱ򣬿ȴôݣᾣ͸˵
һȥ꣬׵ڲУ˭֪˶ٰеŰ
ݺҧסǿԼס񣬵ο˵˵㶼֪һ̣ܿͺá
Ͻ̻شѾͷһǸͯѵ⣺ô̵ģҩ࣬㲻ȥЩ𣿱
ͯһ
ȥ
¼ˣһתѵõذǻūţû
üͯ˸ͷ߳ȥ
Ȼڵܵд˸ȡ֣վ˵ޱˡһúóҩЩ㡣
ûã߳˵Ҫ׼һЩۣ֪𣿡
û뵽ô˵Ѿ߶ʱ˿ͷǡС㣬ū֪
˵ʲôת٣ȥҵҪȥ밲
ǵľֹ͸ŹŹ֣һʱץͷȴػүӻ˯С㲻Ϣһ£Щȥ밲ҲǿԵġ
һЦǻش𣺡ȥǵУ˵
üһּҵģСò·ɡ
Ŀˣٿ˿Ѿߣú÷̣¼ʱ֪𣿡
Ѿһݣæǡ
 

8 

鸮һͥԺ͢ɭήĻľѱȥֻż꺮ɣﺮʱĿ̣ȻѾ߶ű̲յһ仪Ĵݽ
ּҵİƲ죬бһǵ˵С㣬ʱ򡭡̫ڵġ
⣬תת˼ȴʣҵȢ
ǰ̫Žүʮֳ谮ġּҵĻش˵ʱүæţС㲻
ȻˣһԾߣ˵Ҳµġȥʵûգ˵
ּҵģǾٲǰ
ԥһ£ּҵĻǸ
ǰûѾֵأŵǰԼԼĵЦ
үү⡣
ŮӵĽЦǶٲع˵̣ȥߵš
һ㶣ɵÿһּҵġ
ʱһֻͿŵޢִܷܷƿУ¶һŽ޵
û뵽ǰˣŮһҪǳȴͻȻּҵģӹһ˿ŭѹסʣ⡣£
ּҵĻشǿ˵̫ɡмСҪʵͷݸ
һŮתȴʶһתʲô˸ЦСˡˣʲô°
̶ڿ򣬿ҩ̫ࡣѰ˼Ÿ򿴿ҵϲʣ
ӹһ˿ɻ̫ͷش𣺡СԵȡ
һ̣̫ٴδЦС㣬ү˵С²úʾ롣
ԣת˵ӣˣͷȥŰѴӵ¸󡣡
ĥǵĻּҵէǵķԸʱһæǿС㡭Ҳʾ¡
㿴ɲС¡㻹ҵ˵˵ĺáýӲ磬ת̫˵
һ㶣̫һʱӣûүķԸ˭ūţء
˰ɣ
סּҵм벻ֻ̫ͨùش𣺡ūȥ
ּҵˣǵһЦ鷳̫ˡ
Ŀˣ̫գգۣûͨ
ּ̺ҵһ¸ѾԺС
һԺļȣ΢ü˸񣬱ݸϽΡ
 

9 

ŴݣһƳּҵľ˵ˣǱͷ˵һ
Ѱ˼ǵֵһּҵһ͵⣬һӦžææݱȥ
ĿʧһɨѾߣ˵ҶˡȥʲôԵģϲ裬Щ
Ѿߣ˵̣ȥһ·Щ
գۼ䣬Ѿ֧Ժﾲֱʱתվһǵͯ΢΢һЦ⼸ˡ
һһ˲ۣ򵹣С㣬ڻˡ
Ͻ̵İ͸үһ飬½ҵļҽ½ɢɢټ鸮ȼǽ֮ܵһ
ǲɵǰԽҳϣв֪Ǹжŷ˵ûˡʲôҪ˵һ;ȥ߷ȥҩ
ţͷ˵ҩүûȣڱڳ
½ӵܺҩӲ׼ۣǽСҲˡȡۣ֮ϸ룬³ǵ˼ߺĵذҩˡ
һ̺󣬴߳˵λС׹ɣһ·Ⱦˣ˵أ˺ѣǾһջͻ²мˡ
ҧҧʣ˿أ
˵̶ֳȣѰҩЧֻһҩ⣬ΪҩѵԼ۱Ȼƽ𡣡
֪Ҫ۸أ
ʮһҩʮƽ𡣡
ڴıȼһʮе˼һĿ֧鸮Ծ֮ңţһĸ֧ͳϼǧƽ˾Ϳ֪򿪳ҩǺεȰˡ
΢ޣǶƬ̲ʣҩ󣬻شòźܶɣ
ۣʮ
ҵܵܵ˾ķȥΣǡʣɷô˵
ĻܾʣΪʲôҪ˵ô󣿡
ôֻǲ֦شõĲ˶ѫţȥҩԼ۸ߵáһ棬ǲݸ
΢Ǵ򻷹һԺеزЩ̾һµͷ
˵˿Ƭ̲ŻһѾȥܵܵơ
 

10 ˰

Ѿ߷ʱüʣشõľȥţȥˣյ
ǰū澲֪ô¡ּҵһСĵذүԺڵļ˵꣬˵СԸūȥӴ̫һ԰ǻүˣū澲Ҳȥ˶ţŴ۾ͽ̣ǾѾˣֻá
˭ģ
붨ġ
ס˼ã͵ץס֣Ｗ
ԤıԤıѹ֣ѹͻȻ֣ҵߡѾͷƣ˼
ϸϸǵ־ٶ׹
ԭǲֵСţ佻󣬵˵ҩ࣬ͬȥ밲ֻΪƿĸԤѻشõĵһʥ¸ܵˡ
ϸ˼ţõϣҧ
Ķ꣬Ϊ鸮¾ӪͰһȴ뵽˿ӡ
ԽԽһֻƿҡ
飡
Ƭɽѻȸ
ɷܾãݺݵһּҵġŸʲôȥʲôҩôΣȥ
һݣּҵķɱ
ѾͷѾͷ͸һ˺ޣҵ£
û޵ҦȰ˵ּҵֻˡ
˵үرأεòû²м˵õҩҪʮҩһҩİƽ𡣴С˵үҩѻ̳롣
ʲôڵվ֪ۻۣˣܵ󣿿ʲôЦһҩİƽ𣬰ʮǧûǮԸ취
쭣ּҵԥһ²ʣһȥү˵
˵Ҳ͵ضס뵽ʲôʣҩأ
βá
ţҦһĨݶ׼Ƶֱ̣˵ûǮֻȥүǰ䣬Сץڮ١ҩס
˼Ƭ̣һҧȥȡӣ˵˰ƽҩ취
ǡ
ּҵ˳ٽĸѾߡүţĸȥһ˻شá
ӷɿ͵¸
ּҵ˵ǣǰ˰ٽáȴ˵ˣʣµҩѻġ
Ʋ죬ּҵļЦСġ
δѾͳ¸տܵܣžҩ
 

11 ۸ߵ

붨ݳѾͻҽݲʱһʮ߰¹Ӿ
Ļ˿ͻش𣺡鸮ҩʮ
𣿡
ҡͷ
ϲǹһ˵
ȾشһƼææܽ򡭡
δ䣬һʿڻ󣬴һ¾¹Ӿʣ˵شõҩ
ǵġ
ȫ£Ʊ
¹һ㶣æ˵󵽡Ѿ
бһۣʿʣǮ
ҩǧƽ𡣡¹һɡ
Ʋ죬ʿ˵۸ߵãҩȫ£һٽ𡣡
û뵽˲ƴ֣¹һ
Ҳס
ˡʿְأԷ¹һơ
¹Ӷʱףڵ߻ָʣ㶮أν󵽡
δ䣬ʿذνסĲӣݺݵвҼƢãҵĲ¡ս¹˸򣬳һۻƣҸл˵ͷߡ

Ǽģæקס¹ӡŰ¹ͳشã˿ת̨
̨棬붨š
λ磬ǸСǡѽ
ʲŵ·붨Ȼˡóһƽݹȥ鷳ˡʣ˵º
լǷǶ࣬ǻô˻ƽ𣬵ͷ
ƻʱ֣ٴν鸮ҩҩСʱϽ̰˯ˡ԰ɣɢȥ룬Եð١
Σ˵ҩЧˣġÿճʱһᵽΪΣֱ׿
ʯͷ˵أǳһ߻߳ȥѰѾֹ߲֪ʲôȥˡ
ھߵڳǰóҩ
ҩҵ֮ܵǰõġҩʱǽۣߡͷһɷ񣿡
һۣǽӹţлһ˿죬̾һ²˵ҩЩ֮ܵԭûôأҩ˿ڵѪͣơҩûЧֻ˵ķӦ֪ҩԽȣ˿Խۣ˿ܡ
µˣ׶ǻ͵սȭҧסѹзڵķŭл
ͷˡ
ˡóһƱĵܸܵҩѺ𡣻شȻ۸񲻷ƣβ˻ҪġЩǮ
 

12 ưͿ

ٴ뿪鸮ʱһѾ
꣬˺һʣºǱô̸֪£
ү˵Ȼǳȥ򣬿ܾȥšºȻû䣬ǧδò
԰ɣ˵СѾͷҪǮΪΣ
Ѿһū澲֪
һᣬ͵һüݴһͷתʣҦ֣˵˵ǸСѾͷǲǹҵǮ
һһ룬ҦһĭذѸǡ˻ȥ
ȴݺץסͷɫɷס
ӻظ̽ǮǾǹ˸ƭ׾ٴ˰˰ƽ
ˣСѾͷļƣ˰ƽ𡭡⣡ԽԽô£촽ˣɨ˱̣ٴη
µð˾Ųʮ
֪°ıܵܣظǰͿʼ֡
÷붨ĸµıڳĵ̵Ѻ˶ǧƽ𣬲Ѿ뵽⡣ԼСţס佻󣬿ƲãȴֻҪԶ֡Ȼȥ밲Ϊ˰ٻ߹ѾڲүƤ£̫ѹˣٿӭͣþ˳븮
겡˵鱨۸ͼٴøӣ°ֵ˼˳õ˰˰ƽ
üƣǲѵܵβǧƽ룬ٳ˸ưͿ
ûʱǶһլԺơһˮϣһڸ١ڵ¶¾ǵˡ
Ƭ̺һʿ߽
ӣϼСӵȷʵΪϵֶȥҩŰ˼ѻشõļ˵꣬˶ٲŲ䣺ӦȫκǡӷԸʳû͹ȥ
ֹüʣΪʲô
ʿشһϮӰͥԺ
ʿ˵ӣķǹˡʿŵĨ֮󼪣ķѾʩʩȻ߹ڷŵҡȲ˵㱻ƭˡ
ƭ
㵣ķǶʱЦǰϣȻóһֽ
ֽдżС֡
δʱ̣¥սһһ¯߳鸮ƣѺǧٽѺһꡣδʱĿ̣鸮ʱΪ幫ϽΡ
ֽϻ¼ϸİСţ佻󣬵̽ҽ
ϸϸ꣬ü룬΢΢һЦ
װȴɵػ˾ǧ𡣻Ц
Ц˼ܴ
ף㻹ˣǶҵǮ㲻ۡ
°ۣʦϳ֣ҾͲûԩǮˡ
Ҳ
ֻܻǮ
ԶԣķȻضɰйأԶ㡣ֻʳ͵òʱˣ޳߳ˡ
Ŀ¶Σ򽥺ڵͥԺƬ̲Ļش𣺡á˵
 

13 

ĺɫտõܵܲŻص佻
ݲʰԺﻹŻҳζӲϡϡ⽥ҹԽˡ
£ŷ˼òóǵƱֿ
գǮʱһǧ˰ƽ˵Ǯ˶ġҩòϣشòռ˵ıˣ˻
Ѻǧٽó˰ٽ𣬼϶һǧ˰ٽ𡭡ǧһƽ
ƱϲͬǩѺ̾һ
ǰҩǮ˵£Ӳղǿǿܵ˾ѾƵʱƾ׼һΰа
ټľﻹ˭ᰵаչأǰͬаܶΣ֪׷ֻԼķպѹ֪ˣ֪
ڣ
Ĭ֣ŵ¶ƺϤƺİȱϲ
ˣ֪Ϊʲô
泼ݡ㲻Ŀ԰ɣΪҵ԰ɣ
ｭҴǷѡҴŵġ
Ԫʮһ꣬»ʵ۲ء
³ʵԶگ빬ı¡ҵӶƽѡȻսڿ㣴˼ʵ塣
³ģʵ۴λ̫ӣݱڳƽ
̫ӷȵ̳дͳԪ͡
ظԶ壬ĽУʿԲ⡣ɱһǧʮˣǧʮˡ
˰£永
ȾٱԶıǵĸסʱдϹ¡»ʵǻϹƾٱ׹ӷ飬پӶƷ
ʱڹеǵ֪ҸţĿýм¡һֱΪˣֱٵޣǶ仨
š
ԡˣҪúûȥҪչˣҪΪؾ۵һŬ
һҹΰѣƺ֧ľǰ裬֪ﻹʵǰǽ
ɫʱŶĿܾòܾͷмۣ˵嵽׺δۡ
ס̣Ÿо˲١
ʱչ¸ȥ
Ͻ˯ţɫѾԺתܵܵͷǾ䡣
룬üʣҵܵܵô䣬ǲǲˣ
ЦЦҡͷһóһ˵ǲΪ䡣ܵı浥ЩڻҪů¯ﺮʱ
סǵͷ棬ٿ˳ȥܿ죬һѾ߽ŲҴݱȥ
 

14 ˫

žӣƵؿȦµĺڡ
Լɵǰ˰ƽҧ飬޲ܳ嵽佻ǡ޺סһҹշתߡ˯ãȦͺˡ
ˣѾ߽̣СҪүµı棬Ҫ·Ҫů¯˿̿ʵĴɴ
ãһٶʱ¾ӣһ壬һҪҪǣͣͣˣûСǮܵҩˡ
ڵøƵģѾԥһ»ѣ̣ÿ붬ǰҪġ
һаҲ̲סץһֻ豭ҹȥָѾͷѾͷ˭ūţ˭˵ȥûǮûСؾ˼Ұȥ
ŵһѾҵĽţʹ˳ȥ
ȴٴιĺ£ĵұӣţѾͷۣһҪ㣬ôѿ
ԼǮٴЪ˹
ӷ񣬼Ѿ֪Ȥ˳ȥֻҦ¡
һӣˡЩһ
ɫãǲǲˣ
һ̧ͷһ֪ʱű߶˸еˡһϮԽȹͿ죬ü죬紺ˮ飬һбһ޺޵٣תζ
꾫ȴһģ̲ʣòүǰУôˣ
ү糯ءŹ䣬ߵ¸󡣰ѽү䣬ӻôʱҹ˪¶¾Խˡ˵̿·Ǯòҵүҹ˯òãѰ˼Ҷ׼׼
һǹٶµ˵żңο˿ۣүĿǶ϶ϲҶٵġ̫ǳֳģȻ÷ȴò£ЦĻƻô˿̿ûǮ򣿡
С㣬˵˰ɡ
һ㶡
ǿ룬һЦ̫æˣûüԸ׼ɡ
һʱûôһǰһس֣û
СǸˡҲǰżңôء㣬֪Щ̿ʲôļʱ͵Ƕ
鷳Ը¸һðϣҶּҵȥɷ׵ǽϲ磬ƺȻ
Ѱ˼үЩÿ̫ٲҸᴵ߷磬ʹº޺޵סѹеˣּҵȥ̿үҪ±ȥð졣
лġɫãЪŰɡһ̫ˡ
 

15 ˼

̫һߣپͰ̺ѾټݺݵǱʣ̫ͻȻˣΪʲôûͨСһģ
û˸ҳ
Ƭ̣һѾػش𣺡̣ǣ̫Ƚ̫һͻǲûȻԼݡụ̂СͻȻһߡǣû
Ƭ̣͵뵽ʲôİǳӱʲôãẰˣһ⣬ȥشʮӡ

˸Ѿ߶ǸͷĴѾߣճߺСѾߣСǣҲǺպһҪ򣬶ʱһƬ
ͷϵĹһŭȥ
һɹѾǶ˳ȥҽһء
޺ϣҦ֣СѾͷɧ꼸ʱϵģѹһҪȥ밲ǡүǰǾȻͨˣһһ͡
һ£Ҧֲ˵˵̫ŵһμС㡣븮ʱС㻹ڵ¶¡
Ѿͷסһϣ˭֪ǼʱģǸ̵ôû
Ҧһ㶣æ˵ūȥʡ
СѾͷ˹պ̧
Ҧֳȥ£պ޵Ŷơ
ٳ̼֮ҡ
벻̼֣ӵҲкܶģҪĵλ˲ǽݾүӪеȴ飬Ѱ˼ΪŮѰһٻ˼ңټ޽ϼ
ٲֻƫźֺãͻݵү檣ֻΪ衣
Ѱ˼ŰѵϽ;˭ϣʱõĸնϲ߰ľɫ֣ȴڶϰ䡣ϽֶʣɴָʹӴϽ̳ȥֽš
Ͻ׹ˣͨҽΣҩ¡ͻȻظգپԸˡ
ٵպޣѾ߽԰еصһСͤƬ̺̫ת
õ߹һ˿Īɫ΢Цһ¿ڵֳ顣
ЦЦ̫ʣ֪Сǲ˴Ļʲô˼
Ѿ߻ػûǮ̿Ǳȥֻ̫˵һݣ͸һõĿɽ̫⣬ˣ˾ͳһ˫ɡ
 

16 

԰ʮ＾ҶƬ糺죬֮ʱ
һǰһǵһƬķҶһ˵ֻǾҪ֣˺β죿
۲һתָ̫ƬҶ˵С겻飬ͻȻүر⡣ҿ㲻̫ġ¶㵱ң鸮ӪøͰƵġѰ֣ãҾöҵĺô󡣡
ԣתƬ̣ЦʣֵޢΪԸ鸮һƫأ˵㸸ҲƷ٣
̫һ㶡
㸸ǰչְһ֮²֧šиĸ׵ܣ⸮ֻܶ˵ҺҪҵΪܵѰһϽĺȥܳɲţίһ

ʮŮ˺ܶ࣬ȴֻŮûһյġҵǸˣ˿̳㣬պȴδء㻹öΪá
תתƬҶң̶պضƴ㡣ܵϽҲһãи·أ
ǧģ̫ǣüɣֻúƼ˹㡣òʣ㣬ô֪Ҽ£
ȷʵ֪
ǰ֣Ҿܾˡʱ̶Ѿзˡ
̾һûشֻóһֻϻӡ
һֵƽ͸ҽټ¡ȳ̶ˣһȥԺ顣ܵøȥ
ǡ϶ӵġԺһһǧϯֻӡ
üһ棬֪ѾˣЦ𣺡Ƕ鲻ҪеӣֻҪҵ˵˵ûҵھԺ飬˹
ĬƬ̣̫ӹֻϻӣлС㡣
ĿȥǰƬҶһʯͷϣ׹
㲻֪Ľ֣ʧ˳裬ı㣬糾ҵճ
ǡҲڸǽܻˡ
պһϼңѰˡ
ţߵѵС㣬ô𣿶̻᲻ỳ㣬ʹӣ
ûشֻ˵ǻȥɡ
ãΪޣΪ⡣
һΣˡ
һ·ߣǵıӰЩ̾
ظƺһˡǰԼĸףȴ˿̣ȴ˵ʣľ˾ˣǸ裬Ҳмһ˵º½ҵı
ţͻȻ˺ܶࡣ
 

17 ͽ

һּҵİµ±ɴů¯̿͵¸ůϽ̷ҩ˯ţů˺ܶ࣬ǷĲ١
¸֮ʣߡӣУӸţڷ̡
˵һھƣǸ˿һ곤ûɣתת˵磬ҽظˣ˭֪Ǽֻ°첻ˡ
ü곤Ĳ˵˵Ǳɽﴵ˰ء
ˡ˭֪Ϊʲôȵ򼡣
߰һ˺ö˼ҡһͻȻ˵ףȢô
һСѰ˼β˵ҽϾǵŮֻҵϹȥ
Цһ곤ĳս淸ûžعѣĸյ˼ҸȢޣô˵ˣҰ͸㡣ϡﶼδСóһֻд򿪣ƻ
һСĶʱ۾ð⡣磬ƣ̫̫ݳ˰ɡ
ơҴӾõϡֵһƽΣ
㣬СЦãʱҵý򡣡
곤˷Ц˵ĵš
󽫾ĶǵòϧڣֻȢ˷ˡǳТֶ˼ڣǶǡ
վޣһֱӳϼүϽһɳ˵¶·вʧܺɴĸ֮ý֮ԣҪǿȢǡ
ϽƵأһ߽ǶǼլԺƬ̺ķǽ˻԰ʯͤϣһϮ°衣
㣬õ⡣¶һȥѽ
²豭ӹͻصϢϸһ飬ٿķһֻŭķǣܵܣҵùôôˣ
㲻Ǻúõİġ׼ùˡ

ҡͷԵһᣬķζļ磬һֻûʸĶ֣ôһָʳǷ򣬡Ķڡ֮ϡ
бķһۣ£ü˼Ƭ̲ʣʦ־һ֣
֮䡭ӧϹ˵󣬱ض֪顣ӧɲ⣬֡ϹֻǸôá
ȲϹ¡˼ܣȴǸɫ֮ͽ׳©ֻһӡ
 

18 ;

۸ΰӿǻظˡ
ռ䣬ͷһ򣬵ڶʲôûҲȥףֻÿ絽¸ܵܣ佻ʣҩʣҲᣬƺǼûз
Դӱ̫ңò¸󣬾ͷԸ佻Ͷ裬ڳһѵģûִֻԸԸӰ佻ʰһ湺̿¯±
֪ԼǮ裬ڲߵİ˰ٽ𣬸Ŀۡȷʵ˰ٽڰǧǽĻϳ󡢷붨ҲǴ´ġ
ǻظգүϽ˸
ϽٵĴӣʮꡣǮʮͳɫ֮ȻƵʱʶ˾ѡ
һǰټӿ·ڻ˸Ʒȱ˼ֻǴŹӦîɵ˹پ͸ĸ׳˾˼Ұæǣž˾˸ǮðһԺ˼ˣһа˻졣
˸£ȥ
Ӹ밲
ӣٸ˲٣к¾һЦպֺҵĹСȥ֡úúʰȥμӣļҵĹŮ⣬ɫһ÷
ԣϽʱ˳㡣һתʣҽȥ𣿡
һ㶣ٻعζʱһ壬ڹӵĽ㣿
Ҹ㡭Ͻĸ׶ֹ˼˵㣬˾͵ˡΪ󣬵޸ȻʰܰεжǼҲύ˴󽫾鸮ķˡ
˼ãüһšãСѾͷʱҿôȥº߹ķµĵŮǸ檵̫ˣһᣬټ˶һ
ܿ죬ּҵȥ佻
ĻǺصģ֪ˡ
ֺܼиٻ԰ʱڣ԰ֵĽзצʢţҹݵṫСȥ棬Ϊ;硣ŽܼλСޣһλӳ꣬ôҲɫż˼ֹŮڴʢУҸҲ֪
꣬ǳʶڣڲܼҵ;ϡ
һΣ֪ǷʵԼ޹أҲȥμӣ⡣
ǰһӣҾԸԸڡ
ǽȥѡ·
ٸݡġҪȥġΪһȥ
 

19 Ѿ

峿ȥַԸȥۡ
ˣѵмֲԾԺŶӴһӰȥ˭
ԣǵһЦʣ¶ǻʼסŻɶ̾ãûӦܽĵĹ
һ
ֻʸ֦˿̻ãš
ʱּҵЦС˵Ҫһ˵Ѿ߹ȥ̣˵Ѿ߲Ŷԡϵ˶˵ոĹǸʵū澰ѸͷԵĶ˳ҪҪһۣ
ͷԣ
ū澾ȥѾ˲ã̲Ƕµġּҵĵػ
⣬ٶپ̹˼֣Цһʣ
ջʣʾ¡
ʱһСѾߣӴͷվǰʮ־н
СѾͷԵųģݸһЦ壿
ǡӽС
ôšԺ佻ѧϰͺˡЩ̧ͷ˿λС㡣
΢ЦԼ˵Ŀסһ£Ȧһ졣СʧȥˣΪūǼҳ㷹ûпߵģ߸ϵĸ
̲סץһͷʣūʲôᣬֻջ𡣴С㲻ūֱࣿ
㲻ֻ࣬ǲʰ硣οһ䣬óȥ١ߺתɪԺ䣬֪̾ϲ
壡
ǰظĴԽѡȥãԸǰ̡һӲݸ߲ȵ֪ͣ˶Ѻί
ֵ֪κƴԼ߸ûĵˡǣǹҪһòѾ߹̣ȻټԸͰ˹
䣬һˡǵۣϺ󵹽һ¯ڣ̲סʣС㣬ҪѬ㣿
Ѭ·ûֲԵӹסһۣѡӹסҧҧ
ʱ֣佻ﰵ㸡
һµѾ߰չ緹ŵԾѡתת飬̴ɡǸϲŪģ޲ȫ˶֪üɫذ;磬Ѭ˸ɸɾ
 

20 

ŸŹ齣һֻġ
Ѿߵ۶̧Цˣߣ֪ôġϹѵָ;ֽʶһСү
Ѿ߻ػͻȻ뵽ʲôʣѬ·ʲô˵
ʵ⣬Ѿ߰ϲַѬ·ûԼԵõŲסū澵Ľȥ佻緹˵˾Сġ
˼Ƭ̣͵һķ֣պҸ˵Ϸ
Ѿл˶ȥױһݶȥ
Ͻ̵Ѿ佻˵үվ˺ܶ࣬㡣ûʣǴų¸ȥ
ˣʣСѾߵЩԾ
Цǻش𣺡ѾĲڣΪ޷ָܵĸ֦²Ҫᡣǲߣôͨ籨أ
һ
Цһ£˵һ¸󣬳Ѱ϶ȥֽ̫Ѭ·ķӴ⣬йŮ֪ȣҵˡУ;һմһǰһˡ
ӹֽͷûףС㣬֪ˣǱС㣿
ת˿¶һ˿׽õòɾǻ¡ôһҪһˡ
˵䣬¸ˡ
ȥܵܣѰͷȥ
ʱѾ԰һɽ棬Ѭķӣһһʮظּҵġ
һ䣬ּҵĵݳһֻӣǶ͵ġúãȥүպ̧
ϲȥˡүָϵģСҲûϣ޸˼ңôүĴõĳ·
ҹٴΰ̴򷢳ȥöȻԸ·ںݵͨ紦ţ˲ˮ䣬·ʪˮͽһԼı˪
С㣬·˪
̰·õ̿ɡ֪
ذ·ߣǻ˷еؼ̻ۡʱǰѻϺõ۸˵ϡ϶Ǻ¯ϣѬ·
ӹЩۣ̰ϲҹһ佻ʧھŸķ򡣴ǰǿǸӰʧЦһ¡
 

21 Ҳ

ճԹ緹ǵ֪½ӳׯӻ˸ʹųºȥ
ǰǵ׾˾½ڱѳ½Ҷ޷Ϯºû䡣½ҶѾʮвܼ̳оλˡ
ǰԶ붨ס˳ͷС㣬ǰмֲԣռǶƽġ
˸ᣬü˼һ·Ըתߺš
Ƶǿųڻš
ǰظã½Ҷ֪̽ܵΪӳҽζзŭүϽû£һ´½ҶƽﵱʥϣʵݣšմصѶ
ȥ֪׮Ӻζһ֮ʣˡ׮ƽйأߵҡ
ţսȭͷĿӹһĨ⡣
⣬ǵ˺һͼһˡ
ǣɱ˸񡣡С㣬ְˡ˵ƽ£óʲôǷǶ
ĥţҡͷϽҽȥ˵˵ô¡
Ȱ˻Ǵǽ˸Щʱյһ˵˵
ǰǵı½Ҷ˱ĶǶƽӡ˻ȥƽá⣬Ҫۡ½ҶɴȥգոջͱƽԶš
ƽȻСãʵ۵Ĺùã̫еĳ͡
꣬½ȻʵĽͳ졣ƽ¼ޣ½ȴϸ߹ĹȻ˵ҲܾΪ˻رܹ½ּԶ򱱽Ȣ˳ŵѶƽ½ԺգȻʳţ㻳ޣҲ޿κΡ½󣬹ɺޣʱǰѡ½ҶȻĶӣǵˡ
ʱǰһӺ߾λšüָһѵ⡣
ɫ꽣üһƾ¡Լ˵˾ޱӡǸ˰һתͻȥߡ
ԣİȵ½ҶϴڿЦҶ֪ʲô·𣿡
ˡֻдһ¡ҶǹġһµķһԿڡ
ݺһǹ⣿Ǿ˽ġ˵ΪʲôŹҶ
 

22 ϴ

ûش½ҶԼĸףͷۣбﴫһҵܴܵСʵԣѧղʧ˷ִ硣빫
˶һ㶣һһȻ߽С
һɨƽ˭
ŮǣҸϹ¡߽΢Ц
üƽ˵飬ܲ˱¡
򣬾бڹǰҸԽΪֻ꣬ǰУĸҵܼܵƽϵġʮ꣬Ǹӡ
ƽһ㶡
дҵܵᣬֹʧʵýѵһ꣬Ȼָ˸ơǾгõΪ䡱
½ҶȻý˼С׺һĻ΢΢££ü˳Ŀ⻹˵ѵǣҴˡѧղһʱûס֣빫ԭ¡
شˡ
һ䣬˵С˶ǵĴشõľΣҩѾΣ
˿Ůϵ뾰СΡ
ĸͻȻˣƽŭʧ׼ͷһʱûӣǼۣ㬵Ҷҽտ½ҶԺע㣬ҪԵá
ҶμǹĽѵ͹ϣ½Ҷһȭ
ģع˶ƽ½Ҷص£ŭŮ˵ʲôһٰǸ쵰
ҡͷǸĸ˵Ҷ˾˵ı㶼û
һ㶣½Ҷü壺ҵ
֪֪˿һ޾̣̳оλҲʲô򶷣ֻԱ
½Ҷһ
ºָҵɹ϶ЩԸ˼ҶͲиʧǺãѭѭա
˽Σ½Ҷֿһĸףйشһӣ
ƣݸǿı´δҪռסٴ򲻳١
Ȱ˵½Ҷȥ԰ǲĸĹ⾰ȥֻоСܡ
Ļ϶ദ䣬ҰݳĸߣԵʮֻߡ
½﹦ҵӺգǲȱǮġȥ󣬳жͷѰ϶ƽʱ£ٵ½ҶǸǿƢñ˵ļծţ⳥ξͲòҵɽաǲɢ˸еĴ󲿷̴ӣֻĵļҽʹӣǿ֧Ż
 

23 Ů

ܵĻ߾˾ʱķ⣬ѹһ˵ĸԼҶҪ嶯òȽҲҪ֪֪ˣıΪá
ĬƬ̣ش𣺡˵öԡôЩ꣬һǾЩȨıͨʮַˣ˾˾ͳЦıΪҽ̲ҶѧᡣǶܵһĻ࿪Ǹӣܲ˼ҵļҡ
ǰĬĬͷһᣬ׿˵Ǹ̫ܲƽѾֻơѰŮĸǰ߽֪ʲôž𣿡ǰѻظ¸
Ŀ΢䣬˵ǸģҪôô͹һ䣬˵һŮ˵Ѳѣɿܱȥˣ˾¹һҲԡ
һʱһѰĵǰ̧ͷֻ֡᷻¥ռţֻһƾԶ
ʶͫסиս˾ˣ㲻ϰ䣬۽绹ǱѰŮǿöࡣӵβ̬֪Ǿ֡
סóһֻ󸡣
󸣬ʣƾֻҪõ£ضùԸ֮ʾԵȴ֮ʱ֪ɣ
΢ǵͷ˵һŮżҪЩ֮£Ҫɱ˷Ż𡣡
üĿ¶ζһ
ǵġ
üһᣬڣỤȫɱˣÿֲ⡣
תˡһ²¥ʼգû˭ס
ûǶ˼·ϣƵľСྩţƱͨдȫųǧƽĿ˻жǮ
ƻ裬ǻ˸˵ѣ˶šҹʱ֣ǶԿյг̣һ졣һƹ硣
⣬һŮתʮͣ쵰ҶüݣμɷЦ֣һɫѹŽƣһ֪ס
ʣڵáҽзӰʦ˵ֿ㣬˳ܡ
û뵽ô˵̲סЦЦ˼²סÿˡɣҪȥٻ԰һ¡
ӰûɣһڴӦ
 

24 Ц

գûеȴܵͬС
֪ǰּҵһŷԸȥ߶Ůܿ죬¸ŸϽٻ԰ȥͬʱŵС˴ҴҸݸ
ʱĿ̣ڰٻ԰ǰ˳ת˼ЦʣС㣬ǲСһ԰𣿡
һۣǵЦ˵öԡ̣µǡҲһ䣬ųˡ
δʱϽٻ԰̾ӭһЦүС㣬Сͤȥˡ
·Ͻụֻ̂Ըӣһү
ٻ԰ﴦïɴ񽻴һȻ˿û＾ɪнֻͤµ˵Цǰٻ԰һĹ۾ͤת۵ȣҰ
ͤϣʮȺľۼһ涷ޡǴһϮƣվһзצǰָḧꡣ
磬ԭΪ㲻ˡΪô磬ҵĹүûôɣ
£ٳһ¸ẉ̂ǷĿ΢УȥһĨŪƺػش𣺡зצգνҪʱ
ʲôʱ
ʢװøҶ죬ǶѰ˼ΪáˡĿĿɾͰ׷ˡǺεسҶ죬ֻᵢ󹴴ҹӵ£òʧ
һŻͷһŲʱء޲ȥϹμʲô;磬ˡ
⻰˵ö񶾣Ů˹һµĴһǣתۿ¾ʣԭϼáλ˭
Ƕ˹¶ʱˣ𣺡λ㣬Сˡҽ㣬Ͷʮһˣû˼ҸҪƣ޲ȥҸӦý㼱Żŵʧͳ
ԣµĹŮ˿ϵӶתת˼ͻȻЦԭϼҵĽ㣬ǰ˽ҵķɡǱˡͻû޳ȥμ;Ҳûϣġ
⻰ͤϵĹŮǱ˴˿˾Цεظͣ԰жʮһ˻û޳ȥģ
ղμĹǴǲʮͣСЩ
ʱˡ
ļЦУֻһŮбзŹĿ¶ͬ顣Цǵ⣬ֻúݺݳһڶЦţһŮͻȻС
ʲô
 

25 

УЦȻֹۼ⣬ɫ˺Ӳ档ʱµĹŮ͵Ĵ
߿ʲôˣ
ĽкͤȻУһȺں˵ķɳͷŮ
̼䣬ۼһĹŮɢ֪˭˭˭ײ˭ֻüУȾۼЦǵŮͨͨˤһأҵȹץķ˾ʧ
ͬŵð»ŲʱŮ͵ָеġ
˴Ůͬʱһ㶣תͷ
ҲһĿȫԼϣһͷ֪ʱĵɫȹ˺˺ںһƬ
ʲô͵ش˸ʧҽСûеѾ߹˹ĴͻȻ
ʹ
ٴαһһֻںķɳ̵ϣʧغĴ
⾪ŵĵϣһʯбﵯײ̵ϥ䡣
е̱ĲȣֻһҲվסʧصǰһͷײµϡŵסﻹܶܣҽһԵݺˤǸ¹Ůϡ
¹ŮѾ߲վûվþٴαײļǣٴιһţһƬ
գۼ䣬ͤһƬҡͤӸϽþУԾ̧ͷһæԮ
ûϽ𵹵صãиеǶϡϽˮˮá
δ䣬һȲ载һͷһץסõϽҲ̵̧ͷҪʣһ载ͷ
ˮãϷˣȶ۵ùֽУһֱֵŮץһ¡

˴ͷ׻ĹŮѾץܰŵĲˮͷصϽ֪ȵĻģҽһƬ
棬ǿæҵȺָһֻ䳰һʩʩȻת˽ͤ£ӰŮ·һĽסһǿûЦʲţʯӷŵ̡
ʧڻȹսǴ̴ǲŰסҵȺˤŮǣˮ˶ϡĹǶʲŵ־磬޲Ц
ͤѾתȣ̤һʯǰӰŲǣתתͷս˻ݴԣǰ˼ٴӻ߳һϲ
Сǣ
 

26 ż

ǰϲȴװȵ̧ͷ΢Ц񣺡̩£Ůˡ
һ£Ϊ׵Цڹؾ񡣡
̩ܲȻСĶӣĸܹܹţ̩һֱȻ۰̩ȥ˷ݣйݣ⣬ᵳ»ʵǻ̩Ҳδྩ
̩Ϊ˼һˡ
΢һλĿүǼʣһ˵үڷأȴ֪үھǡүҲ;𣿡
һϮصױݣܲʲô˶ٲŻش𣺡ǰ겻ɺ𣿡
ǻδ˵һϲѽѽ̩´ݹ٣ԣʧӭˣ
һЦ˼ҴǽҳֺءһӸڲҪȵˡ
ǣӹһ˿⡣ε;ֱʣûϵǻ̲סϲ
ǰܲЦ˵зצտرãһʱϲܺְɣ
үǳҡάһ䣬˵Ǹ½һ߷ר챦⡣պ䱦ү١
ȻǲܺĲҵһȥġ
лү߷ǺĲҵү빫ӳݣ߷ʵĲҵ
ԣ΢Ц񣺡ɰݼү
лһ˿ȣܲתתͷЦ빫˵ֵܺڴգһҪȥ߷к
񹧺ү
ûȼ˵һ˼Ҵұڲضߵ˼䡣꣬ת˿ǣϹĵܵмֲףȥһΪá
صɫЩŹ֣ܲһǾ˵ʲô¾˲ܺϯҲȥСǣ߰ɡ
ɨһɣЦү롣
·̩ǰȥԶ˶ٲɣղ֪ӵ䡣һδлӾˣʧˡ
紺ˮĿϣɵ£һ۱ƿߣ˵ЩС²عһ˴̨ôߵ
ֻ뿴԰еľ¡ǵҵһҹȥķ
΢лһ˿׷䣬סӿЦЦ߰ɡүõȲá
 

27 ˭Ǹ

ѽδʱ̣Ŀ˻롣ʱ԰еҶ󸽽վЩүŮС㣬޲Ҷķ
̤Ҷʱһ֡
λ㣬޹ءЩϿ϶ҽ㶪ġô⺦أǿҡҲܵùѽµ
ߣ˭ɵĺ£Ǹǹ㡭жΡ
һ㲻֪ûˣд
и˵Ȼû꣡
λ¸޹أҿҽʹϽǱһи˵ҽˣⲻǡ
ô仰Ƕ˶ٽŲ߽С
Ų죬һתͷ
µһƬĺƱһ١ͷֻһ£ȹϲˮգԵʮǱŮǷ΢ңȹš¹ŮҲЩơһϽķҲˣͬˮգ·мֺ죬֪ҧĻץġ
ɨһ˵ǱǿվĿ¶ȵʣܣãôôǱŪȥ·ʲôѽ
һ˹ĵģ¶ʱһڵվָŽ㷢쭣㣬ɵĻ¡϶ݺңһ䣬ͷλ㣬ǿҽšǹ϶ǵġ
ȼŮǣһ˿ŪϣҲ֪ȴ֪ϡ϶붪ϻңʯͷԼĽš
˵
ǣʲô˭Ĩ֬Ũ޵ģ㲻֪ٻ԰Ӻܶ𣿡
ô֪Ӷࣿ϶ʹ
Цǵ˵ʹ֤ȰϽȥʰһö˵仰Ҫת
ȵȣҪߣϽڵسסϽλǸҪ֪ˣĺÿ
ת˿ɷܣһӣܳϢˡΪ˺Ȼƹ¥ʲôᡣߣΪΣϵãŸõǸ
Ǿٲ
վסϽһץס䡣
תǲ
ǡʱһбﴫѽôܶôûòأ
һŽµӴҶһ߳ٵҲüĿйϢ
 

28 ʹͽ

Цһ£ȴװûֶֻ̧קסԼϽһǶ⡣
ž
Ͻˡôûͷһ
üһĿһ䣬ܼס򣬵б㣬ǰֻķݶٸ߰ǳ°ܻŷ磬ȡ
䣬ǿҲĿɿڴˣͷﳤȥ
û߳ͬסعҪߣĿϸݣһץס䣬յСã
һزҪǷˣһֻס
֣
ʹûҽлϮǰһ类׻ŵ˳ȥ㲻һײϽϡ
һˤ˸Ľų죬Ҫѿжѿ
ܵĿƼһĻҲ̲סЦһƬǸŮˣЦüվסεֻ
û˵㷴Ӧɻعԣܾˡ
ǶپϲԾվվ۲תݸлάǸ
˵꣬ѾС˵ĲվһǶЦ̣Ƕʺ޽ӡָɵıʲôˣСү£
ɫذǵɴڵЦʣ˭
û뵽ʶԼٴһ㶣ǵҵ󽫾ҴңǳıӵһȥҵƤ
ԭǴ󽫾ĹӡȰݹӻǵһԼﲻҰĵطɲ䲻ȵػشһ䡣
û뵽£ѵԼٴһһ룬ͷаҲѹֲסԴ˹٣ˣѰˡǰ棬ʵȥʲôֽһְγӵ
쵰ɱ㣡
Сģʧе
δ䣬ĵ˵ǣһ˿ɳÿĵһȭ
һ죬ҽһˤ˳ȥɺϵذѸϽٴײڵأֽ
ˣɱۣʱۣ㵸ȵĸӻһۣˡ
ۿҪֵ޷ʰһ
ʲôأͳ
 

29 

ѭȥ̨ס
ͷ˫ڣɽۣŵѥƵãĿǣĴ߹һ˿ǳЦ˵ķΣ׿Ⱥ
ߣŮӱ㲻غȴסعһУǰһܣվסҼү£ٹ¡
û꣬һǶ£һĽŰߵúݺײǽϡûüۣѾڱѪػȥ١
֣̩ߵһʿӶص˵䣬ɨһӣ֪·ʲô𣿡
Ŀȱ䣬¶źε뱩Űƺһ̾ͻԼ˺Ƭʶ˸㻹ûŵͷǱ򵹣ߵ̩¡үǧꡣ
ǶʱˣһϢȫ˺ӣڵأͷҲ̧ϽڵļŮ޲ù򵹣һʱѻȸ
һԼĻͳ죬ܲЦһ¾ʣ𣿡
ʵһ㶣æش𣺡ҸӲʡ
ֺͣ⣬Ҳô֡
ǡʧ񡣳һĹæˡ
´Ҫעͳڽѵһ䣬̩һŵļŮˣܺĴ֮ѽŪôǱϽͻظ𣿡
ү˵Ķԣǳдܡ֪ӺδĲӦһȻԸˣѼλСͻظ
ûЩܲתЦСǣȥͻɡ
˱׵ıǱЩЦ˿άŶׯصǡ
빫ӣ߰ɡ
ܲʩʩȻˣ˿ʹ¡Ŀѩޣģλ롣
һ̣ⳡֵȫϳ˰ٻ԰ǸС˱ڵϣˡ
ٻ԰⣬ŮԵ㡣ܼҼȸҹǽձϳٻ԰ڼӵ˼ң˵ʧǱضҪͷгǸġ뵽޲ơ
ݺһۣ¹Ů˵ǽóܲǡߣ±и˵Ըɡ
㣡
ʽ飬˭㣿¹ŮȥĸԺһȥ
ףֻйȥԼĸ硣
ȴûעϼõľɥ˼Ƭ̾ʹҴһ˸֪ʵ۶̩Ļɵ̩ͻȻǸ͡
 

30 

ٻ԰ڣϯѾʼˡ
̩Ȼλȴǡߡףƣ˿ϯŮСĹŸҵĹү˰üĿ飬Ц
һգسһܲ˵һŵȥĲͬүƷһ
Ŷð۽硣ջϵߣܲ΢΢һЦ
ĵ㼱죬𽥰θߣ֮ս֮衣ܲ΢΢а˶Ծرˡ
Ƿɼ䣬΢ת˿ɡ΢΢ƺûп赸룬ʣ빫Ӷ˿񲻸Ȥ
̧ۣ΢Цһ£ǣֻǾú֡
δ֣̲סεգۡ
ʲǸԹﲻ⡣˲֪
û뵽һ㶣̶¶һɫҵḮ¡ȥﵱҡܸݼҵ˻졭֮һѾ
΢£üɶ˶ٲ˵ˣճЩҲҪĸñá
ĻڲסĹػз˵ۡ˵̴Ӷ˹һ⡣
еúܱ͸ĸʵϸ壬߲һȦȦش͸ʲʺһˡྩһʳ¥ƵĲʺ⡣
ʺ⣬ǵĲɵһ¡ʺʵǽڻؽ¥оģֻΪԣΪܻӭųơ
ʺǳóԣϹһ𣿡
¶ᣬĪغ˺ͷ
ûɰѲʺݸǣһֻ˵ӣ磬ҵ㡣Ŷʺ⣬ϲ
㵣ͬʱתͷ
ߴɫʿʮͣбɵĽüһ˫ĿǣϹ΢Ц۽üַɣ忡ĳһȥ¶µĺˣʱһϲɫسԵһƬ⣬ͣóԡ
Ŀ¶Σһ˵޳̫ûòˡ
һѲʺȫԵµӣüһƵϹׯ磬ƽһɣ
Ȼϳȴ֪ΪζԼ⡣벻ͨת΢Ц޷֪Сγƺ
ҽӦ޳Ҵ硣ش꣬˵磬¡߰ɣʲôÿġ
޳
ˡʲôӦ޳ץסɵֱקһĿĲݵģ
֪ʲô裬ֻûعǣϹʧˡ
 

31 

ɱӦ޳ӲקˣʧķƵشͷ
ǰ;ϣҲϽôͨڮߥүӦݼҵסӦԲʱҲˣͬߣİŵܵܵĲмӶ
˼꣬Ѭڲƭã˰ٻ԰ķΧٳò˵ܵ£ȥɡ֮²ȴҲ֮С̩۵ˣû˵ϼ仰Ӧ޳ͺһţƺԼܲ˳ۡ
ãûԼʱεصӦ޳
ֵܣǱƽˡлټġ
οԼһ䣬Ǿ
Сǡ
عǲע⵽ˣ֪ܲʱߵߣͷԼһػ
΢æվ¡
㲻𣿡
ûУл¹ġ
ʱ磬Ȼ;գ԰߰ɡ
룬ǵͷ
Ǹܲ԰ȥһƧͤϣӦ޳֣ŭ޳㵽ʲô£
ʼ磬Ӧ޳ֻ̯̯ش𣺡û¡
˵£
ΪáǼҵѪɻڴ㲻ΪϵĲ֪ɣĳƭˡ
֪Ӧ޳Ϊʲôˣβ˵ԩͷծ
ߣһݸô죿û׼ӹٲ㵱ʯһ䣬Ӧ޳ǿ磬һʵ֪ݣֻ֪ж˷ǡ㲻Ҫ£𣿡
۾ƺȼŻ棬ִֶᶨ
˫ۺܾãɻش𣺡ҴӦ㣬Ӧֵǵһġ
ǾͺáǸŮڹ㣬һҪԶӦ޳ٴѡ
֮䣬Ӧ޳ϼѣֻΪԽѡ
֪Ľᣬûǵĺ뻵˵ͷ
Ӧ޳ѣ֪ԼҪʲôҪô̲סǣȴʱ¡Ϊױض빹ݣΪİΣ뼴Ѫȷ硣
ٻ԰֮ʣһٱ͵׸š
ˣ¶İӿɴСݾٱϸҪ׷𣿡
ʲô·
һ鸮һݼүĸࡣ
ǹüݼҵˣǼù鰸
 

32 ֤

̩Ļͻظʱ鸮ĹܼƽѾȡ³߹˸񣬡С㣬үҪ㡣
϶ĸӻ״û⣬תͷ˵תлүչˡ
˿ĹܼңȭϹˡүԸְͣǷ֮¡
ݸ
Ŀͻתͷǲſ˿ܼңͷ·
΢üƽʣ֪λĸۡĻ
ڰٻ԰̩¡شһ䣬ȥ΢ƽ˶ٽŲŸϡ
͢ǰеĵƻͣͣ
ظʮգס˼ǰ֣ʮ֮飬˾һ컹ˡ
˱ۣ׿еĳնԥ̨̤סжг𱨳ǸŮ֮ĶԹͬҪһ˶ϡ
Ų죬ж̧ۿ
һĿţ̬Ϲ¡֮ϹƽƣһĹȥľнأٳϹ󵳣дĦ⣬⡣˳Ͳ־ɫɫȣüĿһĨ鸡
ŮƬ̣Ƕ˶һ񣬡Ů밲ƽ޲
ŮϹ²ü֪ΪʲôŮмֲͬȴһʱ˵ںδ
ͣƬ̣Ϲ²ʣ϶Ϻ󣿡
ûоʣǻش𣺡ñҧͷˡô׽ϣ
ڳĸͬʱһ㶣ϹҲһʣ㵱ڴܵܣ
ûУҡ
ǹȻˣϽˣ̧һָˣ˵û֣
ƺûֻŸ˵ҡ쵱ңҲңǲ붪
ʲô˻ǣ
ܺô׵ңݵġ
ͬʱһ㶡ˡüһš̵ͥڣܶ˶ݺãŹܵܣǱϳٻ԰ֱǶү档㻹ʲô԰ӵĶ֤ˡ
֤ˣ԰ӵ˭׽ϣ
ĸٴһ̶һƱ磡ΪҲָ֪ʹıҡ
һŮپ˵үСѾ֤̿
ɨһ۶ŮǣϹ³
 

33 ˭д

ҲмۣǱҧġ߽٣ͨ򵹣ͷ絷⡣
үū澲֪ʲô£ǣǣǴСָʹūġ
ߣ˰ɡ˵ָʹġһơ
ţ䳰Ǿ̰Ѿϸϸ˵һɡ
Ѿͷ˵
ǣǡСūȥѬ·ūȥС㣬Ȼ󡭡Ȼū澸С㣬ϡүūʲô֪ү
㿴ˡ㻹ʲôõģݺݸ˽һۣϽڵʡ
ûǻʣ̣˵ָʹ㣬֤𣿡
һȻ󼱼ͳһֽ⣬СūһֽдЩһѬ··Ųס
˵дģʼ
ǵģдġ̼ˣ
ĸ֣һεεү
ѭȥһεӰ̤һɨŵЦһˣҲڡ
꣬ô
ûˣ̫ϹЦүܼңʲô·ġһѬȹǲǰ
̫ˮ䣬¶аָקסϹµ
˰檣ϹµЩԾţȵأء
үϲ𣿡
ϲϲ㼸ʱѧģ
С̵ġڻشһ䣬ƺͻȻǣףСҲڡѬ㷨ĺܺãлСˡ
΢΢һЦǴˡ֪Ѭķӿϣ
ѽʲôúõѬôϣ˵˵
ǰˣҲûϡҾԼϣҳϣָʹң
Ϲ˵ҵߵڰףһʡ
һۣ˵û̹Ѭ㣬̵ģָʹ͵ġ̹𣿡
ʣ̫Цóһֽн̣ҵֽ⡣ү뿴Ǻɵķӡ
ֽһԱȾͿ˲죬Ϲһ̣˵ǴСдģɱʼԣҲԡ˵˭дģ
 

34 ˵

Ϲ¶ݺݵصţ֧Σһͷ亹
̫ЦүҿѬķġҪΪʲô˵ԭί
̣ǲģ
ǡ
Ǵģ
죬ش𲻳˵ּֽҵĸα֤˵ּҵķԸָǣ˵ˣپŹԼ
״бһãƵã֤ѡʵ㺦µ㣬Ұɣ̶Ǯ
ʮֽ裬ڸ˵һճôĿ̵£ݺݵŽ㣬һ̫εĵ⣬аӿʱʲôǲˡһţ͵ָ̧̫꣬ҽ㴮ͨǲǣƭ㡣
ѽүСҡ
ˣ˵ʲô˭һίϹ¶ʱˣİѵ⡣
Ϲһ㶣±ĸ׽ߣûѧٲԹɫʱѵ⣬˵ӣضϺͿˣɧʲôõģֻ㵱
˻һﲻݡǾ浽ҪЦĸӸڵ
Ϲһ£̶ɫ䣬İ𣬡ûһغˣСͻ¥˼ʲôʱ֪ˣʲôʱ
ү¶ֻ˵عٸæ˹ץסϹµֱ顣
̵ĺŮú÷ʡöۡŸʲôˣµĿըˣϹºݺ˦٣Źܼŭ⡣
С㣬룡
ҡ
ү
סڣסڡҹȥ
һүͷϣܼƽϽסҪ£Ӳק˳ȥ
±ϳȥ̫һǣ˵үҪ˵СǱѾߺƭˡѾĴǷǣϳ͡С㡭ڸúö飬ԡ
̫侮ʯٲ˹ȥ˺˼º޺סǿǿЦү¶ȷʵ£ҽ̵޷˵öԣú˼úϴ
ҪϹѾױǻˣ׷ϣ˼ѾͷĴȥá
ùͷﻹά̡ģѾ˳ȥ
Ÿ׵ĺһɨЩϽڰٻ԰ܳײ̩ȥݼһΪá
 

35 ׷ˮ

û뵽ǲĵ׷ҧԼϽ˽š
˵ˣҪʹǻŪ𣿡ָŽһ䣬תϹ½еȷʵǽ¡ȻңŹ磬Ǳϳٻ԰ǽġܷѽ
š̩֣ϹʲôüʣŹ򣿴˭
ӹһ˿䳰ǽӿ˵ѡգ̩ڰٻ԰ܺȴˣ԰Ĵ½֣ݸ˳һ𡣽˼ۡĹŮŭүűϳ˰ٻ԰Ǻ±ŵߵڰ׵ҡǣڸ鷳
˵㣬㡭
ҪԲ̩ǵģ
㣡
ʲôѧĹأסڣݺݺ˶һ䣬ϹüʣǶ̩ھǣ
ǵġ̩ŮղŻ˾
ʶ
Ůڹ̷ʱʶ̩ռʵɡ
ȥٻ԰ʲôˣ
΢ǻش𣺡Ůֺ˵ʲô䱦̩Ȥ׼ȥ
˳Ŀ⣬Ϲ˼һ¾Ͱ˵ǽСͲʡģԺֵ˼Ц֪𣿡
Ů֪
ôģ´ô£ҷá
ѵϽһǱЩۼֲ˺ãֻûش𣺡ǣӴˡ
֪ͺáɢ˰ɡ٣úù̶ܽŮһĲ֪ˣֻ¡
ǡҴˡү֪ٲҼЦʾӸϣظˡ
ĸ˳˱ǰЦһ£˵Ů˵Ķģùܼȥһ¡ΣҪġŮˡ
ﰲˣֻ̫һ衣
ʱܼƽ߽ү̩ĻʹСظְˣ̩֣ٹԱȥݼ󽫾Ҳȥˡڰٻ԰үĸײүѾˡ
أ
үոүһƺԽҹŮСְûǵñʾһ¡
ܼ˳̫תת˼˵үС˵ҲۼΣûġ
˼ţϹµͷܼҺܿȥ׼
 

36 

ٴŶӸջصѾ߾̣СھŸ﷢ƢҶܼҷԸ˵Сš
þǸµġձлѵǸˣƫ˵޺޵һϽ˵ҾͰװװ˴򡣵ҡˡ
ЩǼֱݺİСѾͷˣѹôɣŻ侮ʯҵᣬһǺÿ
ο˶һ䣬ٲŷԸҦ֣ȥС㣬үͷϣʵʵھŸ󣬵ү˵
Ҧ˳ȥּҵĽʾ̣С˵үյ̣͸үʹˡ
ڵϽİϹ˵ôŮ˭ϡ
һ뵽͵ʴףޱѻ𣬵һּҵģ¼Ѿͷʲôشһ٣ͻ佻󡣡
һݣ̣⣿
ȥ㣿
ʣּҵķɱ
һʱѪģ̧̱佻⡣
ű߳ͷ˿һϢ̣ʣʲô˼
յ־磬ּҵĻ˻˵үŭ̷Ը˼ҷ̵˼ϾһǴС򿴿û׼ܻ
ߣѾϳ佻͸̧ߣ⡣
С㣬С㡭ȣȡƺѵ֣֡
ֹǿһ̣ȴּҵЦЦӣЩ㻹ǵһΪãһСľͳ
ʩʩȻˡû˭ٵūţϧ̲
ԺŹرգ̵̧˱˴˿ּҵģ̸ģ
ûشּҵͻȻʣǾ𣿴Сƺһˡڵʱ򡭡µģûвġ
ԡ˱Ͼˡ
һּҵһס񣬡ڲ񷿰ɡ˾͸̧ߡ
ּҵĸ˼
ӣԹ¼ҵСӱ׸ץȥ֪ʲô¡Թµص˶⣬̹ʡ
ءһС˹ʲô˾ˣС֡ݺһ䣬ּҵһķˡյһмľʱû鵽Ϸȥˡ
 

37 ֶ

佻Ӱеǵķ䣬ϰŵĲȸԵûϲ
죬̧ͷһʣ㣬Щôģ
ЩϸСɽƣļܻסڻݷï֮أϲζϻɣջ򼲻ɣҹʳѬ֮һڡ㣬̲֪´Ũص·ȥ磬˰ٻ԰ķΧ
ǵĽͣӰЦǰϣã̽Ұɡ
ѧݸðóһֽȻ
ǸķպãӰ˵Ƿٱ͵׸ҿ۰ץˡУǸ˸г𣿡
ǰһûظʱ򡭡
굤¶½£Ӱ˼һµͷȥݸ̽һǲı㣬֪֪ˡ
û˵ӰѾʧڴ⡣
ս˰ٻ԰Ǿóһ߳ȥѷӰ԰ӡ
Χ£ӰѰŵҡ԰֣׸;ٱ˻ۣ¡Ͻƿ˸ͷϢܿĶĿþ׸ҹ뵤¶·̵ץˣ˳ƽ赶ٵ̣Ȱε˶Ŀɱ˺
佻ƻϨٻ԰ڣֺظվڻϣźڰеĻݳ
ĽŲǰʩһ񣺡ֶڰݼ常
Ƭ̣͵ǰβʣ㣿ⲻô仯֮󣿡
Цڻش𣺡һʮҲˡ˵̫أʦҩҲ޷ȫ޸աҲãֶһͻ鷳ˡ
ĬƬ̣ļ磬һô׷ʲô£
֮ǰӵּȻʷԸûԺ¡Ϊֽگڲƭҵ빬ɡȥģҲġǸսžͣĳߺԶıһĲңͣٺܾòŻ˲ء
ǻʵ۸ɵģ
߱λǧȷ
ûʣس˵ȥɡס㻹常
΢΢ݣл常
ļ磬ǵȡġ
ԶֺأʦͬţĽ顣Ϸ糾ҲྩһΣԼû֪ҵĹϵʱֶȡ֡弫ȡ֣֪ȣǶ֪ؿɡĴʱͲµߵݡ
 

38 

ٻ԰ֶܻᣬ鷿ͼӴ׵ɡ
һҪӳˡ˵ѽ
˼ܾã󽫾ʣ֪ʲô𣿡

ãȻתһʿƣ鵽𣿡
ȥ¿һ߷룬ıܣûв鵽
顣
ǡ
ţʣбҪһСС߷ƽ˲͵ˡ
Զ־׸ûн顣ҲµͷԹץסڮ١ѵ˶һ䣬ƽ
֮䣬ʲƽѣѵʬǴƷһԾΪһƷͬǳĵ֮һ˼ӱңɳס
鷿󴰣һϸ
ʱͻȻоʲô̧ͷֻһ̽ͷ¿һһϣֻ۶˸š
㵵ĵڣڵͻȻתͷϺȣ˭
ֱ¶ˣ˻һۣԾ
ʱѾ鷿ץ̿ͣ⼱¾Ļһӿˡ
ûս˸ʩֶΣܿʧҹĻ
׷
̺Ȼأܣ̿ˡ
һᣬʣó书·𣿡
ƻƬ̣Ƕʹ¾ú񽭺ˡ
ΣϽ𣿡
ǡϽѾʾԸΪáҪǣһͳ
˼Ƭ̣Цãһ£ҪһϽΪãһԸ
뿪ŻͷӣҪѧӡǸȲŴã˵
ڼıһ԰ӰȺ¡û׷ǣȴ˴˸˶Է˿˦׷˸һᣬνϡ
ʮغϣԵˡһĿ¶սʣٰסγһ͵ḷ́ٴϡ
飡
һ󣬳ֽĺ˵ɶһ̤ڶϱϽڿգûڰû׷һ̣һʧ
峿߳ңͼӰԵϡ춯˵硣ȥݸ˿̽պܺãܸսƽ֡
Ȼڣ̲סĥһ£ó·𣿡
ʱûС
ˡ㰲ϢѾ߰緹ý
 

39 

緹ʱ
ʱϸΪūŭ˱Ҳ˸ҳͷִĵϸļӲݲݵذŮˡ
û˿̣ظۿ³ЩľԴǽܣڱϹ˺ܶࡣ
ûḮĸɫ˼ȥܵܺžºȥһϵϢͷɿشٵĶ
ȥģ
º
նŮװװ˴򣬳˿šüһܵ˾˼ȥˡ˵˵˵ѵְ׳
ƽҦ˼žȰ˵´С£̫һʱ跨˵
һ㶣ٲһۣʣ˵ô죿
ʵүԷûʲôֵģºǣмֹ˼ɣ²һֱšû˺أ
һ㶣ٲʣû˺
ū澾á½үô磬ûгҰɣ
ң˼
ٵ˼Ѿº
Ļ½ҶЦЦʣ㣬Ǹ߷ΪΣ
£ȥȥôʲôǼװһ䡣
٣Ҳǹﻹ˵˵ΪԼ㣬Ǹڻ㡣
΢΢ǰĲʹ̲סҧһ룡
ûעҧгݣ½Ҷ˵˵졣㣬㲻µġϮ˾ҵ˾ͷ˻Ҳû˻ڱͷˡ
ижɵЦЦçײòͬڽ书ٸҲδصеס㣬֮ڱ̵ֻͨġ
Ŷ
룬˼⡣½Ҷɻҡͷش𣺡δ˭ΪʲôҪȥݼ
δǼŮͬڱЧơʮˣĹʾɺѸȥݼòպϮ˾ٲҪѫ˻´򽻵ʲôɲС
⣬½Ҷʣô
˿̵̲ȶƽĵ״˭ͷ
ţصͷ
ǣǺðɡ
׼ͶٵŰݼ
û̹ӹٻ˼ҵӦ½Ҷ̲סץͷôӣ
ǿ˵ӵġǳſҸ㣬Ͷˡ
 

40 򱧲ƽ

ܿྩǵĵߴ֡ƼŸɫ̣ҶУǸֻ豭װΣӦоС
ŵܵܽһרҶӣǿһ˼⣬ѡһвҶʮƽ
ֻҶӣ½ҶɻʣôСһвҶô󣿡
̲סѵһ䣬ǽ͵ϷҫݡҫͨҶδȢ˼ŮõĹ϶١ֲҶʮϡ٣ڸжأǹ֮һвҶȲֲǡô
ң˻֮ҵҪԷŵڡδ˹پƷ˳壬һֻǱ˲ʧ񡣡룬˵
½Ҷò˵⻹ӣлл㡣
úѧԺõϡԸѲҶװã뿪С
һ·Уָܵĵ̸½Ҷڹٻ֮ҵǣѫĹ淶塣ڹ̷ʺ󣬶Ӧ֮Ȼꡣ½Ҷϸ㲹ĸ׽̲һΡ
ţǰȺһͣɿɢԽŵĨ֮ͬʱԾס˽ţǰһ
ǰ߰˸һŮ
ߣ˵仰ò
ٲÿ
вңҾͲԣˡǸƤЦ

߸һ˹ֽһˤ˼˸Ľų졣
٣Ұϡ
һ̣һӰˤǱˣۿҪײǡ
ȷ붨ǰȭӰᡣ
һҽУˤбɳȥ׹أ
ע⵽ԾסŮӵļһͷΪ׵Ľһ½ҶŵؽеСӣҹСү£
һ䣬½Ҷ̤ǰѽ㵲󣬡ù£Ȱ㲻Ҫپλ
Ӵ򱧲ƽ뵱Ӣۣ
á
ãҳȫ㣡ϣ
ʾ½Ҷȭӭս
վڷ붨濴ţǻûһǰ뵽ָܵǰþ˾µΣȻ˵Ĺ켣ȻƫתûоǰĲ죬˼ƺ
ҽ˼Ȼֹһ߸˵һأǽָ½Ҷ𣺡Ҵң
͸ң
½Ҷδ䣬Ժһ̰Ӱһһ߸ɣ
 

41 ˭˭

Ӱէ϶֡
һʮĸڳУŭǰŮŵ½ҶǸŮʲŸ˳ȭǰŮ½Ҷֲǿ¡ʱ½Ҷסĺ󣬰յ۾ס
һԼүյֱͷ˺ȵſ
Ҷ
ң
Ҿ͸ңүˣ㻹ܻ𣿡½ҶݺסĲӡ
״öͷǶ˶ٽŲ
Żסˣ½ҶƳһԵİŮߣ
ؿһۣŮһߡһˣܾ㡣
㵣һ룬½ҶʱյҪȣϽߣҡ
ңŮʱˣתݺݵղҲ㣬ѾˡʲôӢۣҲŲҪȡ
þ㡣ҴΪңθɣˣ½Ҷ༥
С쵰֪ġ
Сӣûõģ㡣ǽ쳰Ц
졣
ͬʱݺݵس½ҶûĲӣٶ죬㡣
ˡ
˼ˣǰǡʱһҶô
һ㶣½ҶתͷһѾǰ˵£ǺүֵϷŮǲԡȥȻһ˾׸
ԣüſүյ¾ˡ
½Ҷ㣬˼һ²ŮǣĿ¶⣬Ҳû
Ÿ˵ţǻûشֻýŲ죬һ׸£˵Ȼرܡ
ĿֻΪһɫĹٷٶȥľٱ̲סת˼ͷ
Ϊ׵Ĳٽְܾ˾پƷԶǾ׸ڵ¶¼ܾһ棬ݼ߹̺ⱨʧ԰ġ
ǰǣܾؿһ̶ۣһ½ҶŮٿǸ꣬Цһξ㣡
ͫףر˳Ĭüˣᡭ
û˵ͱܾضϣŹȫȥʻȻתǣϹѯͷȥһ˾׸
֪Ҫʵ¶µˣݸ롣
 

42 Ƿ

׸ڣܾʣξϴôģ
ξ½Ҷһֻۣ֣åһʱ׼Żһ¡ӳðӢۣҲܰװװɣ
ӣһ䣬½Ҷȭˣ˲·ϷλŹңֻԱ˲ҪĹ
ͷξ˼Ҳ·Իɣ
û
Ʊ磡Ůüһָξգ·ڨвȻԩҪ֣ʹˡ
мֲԾ½Ҷ̲סѣҲ㣬ͱץˡ
˵ΪѧĶǻȭȣ
磬½Ҷûػش𣺡Ҿòࡣ
½Ҷô˵ģ
ߣСү˵ֲܡ
ǳܾЦתʣξֶԹﲻҪҪ
Ůһ½ҶǷᡣ
һЦܾ½Ҷ㣬˵ô
붼룬½ҶһȭͷǷᡣ
ŮüһѧΪΣ
Ҽʱѧ㣿½Ҷŭɻȥ
ֹǳܾ˵ԣȺŹξ˵´λÿôͷ㣬Ӯֻܰˡ
ξӳһվܣã˭˭ҲŮˡСˣ㲻á
åݺһڣŮ̧Ⱦߡ
ȭʮغϣξһƬŮҲˤǱһۣ½Ҷϡ
սҪϢ
û˴ξʵʵ˼ʮ¡Ǹ˿ţ˳ȴû
ƾ½Ҷξݺһ٣ܾſŻ˵ξ˵֪Źʲôζ˰ɣҴ
½Ҷģأʹξһ䡣
һ½Ҷûִȭʣˣǿ𣿡
ɡ
ξҵر̧ˣǿŸ˵ıӰʣˣιӳδ
ʷ̨˾ľӡ
ͬʱһ㶡ľǸߵܵȥݷõˣδţ½Ҷʹ˼ҵĶӡ
عЩתתͷоδ
ܾüʧЦϴִܣҰ죬ûôپΰǱµ˼ȥ˵
˵λԱɡϹѯ
 

43 ֹ

ܾһݹݸǡ
߱˵Сɽ򼶾ٱ뵤¶µʧ԰йϵǲʺ֪еһ鸮ǸԹ¡
ٱ÷Ӱ͵ģȻ֪˼ȴⲻ
˵ܾĥһ˵һ˵ȥ¶Ϊ˰æţ͵㶫˵Ӧһ̵Ѿߣʶһжġ
˵ǹѾߡ㣬͵дѻ᲻бҪ𣿡ܾһת
΢һתǹȵʣ̸˹᣿ˣ޶֤ˡ
ܾ££üȻ޶֤ӻбҪ׷𣿡
˵˾û׷ǽƻطʡ
Ҿ׮͸Ρڹ߷̣㲻һ㶼֪жİɣ
û뵽ôʣǲɵ̧ۿĿ¶һ˿ζ
΢һüչһЦ˻̵ۡģǸﵱҡҲѲ뵽׸˼¡
ӴбսͶһƬ߲ĹӰתв⣬ƺƺ棬ƺϣЩ˵
΢ЦܾЩЩĪϧסһŻع񣬵˵׸ȻʵݣȻֹ
ĻشЩ⣬ǲɵʣˣһƷˡ
Ϊݴ󽫾ΪūųͷӰˣ㲻˳ۣΪá
΢ǿϵ棬˶ٲ˸񣺡лˡ
ȻȥܾıӰ񡣴ȻµóҪǲ¹ִ˷ǻ¡
׸⣬½ҶͰŮľ룬ƶš߳½Ҷû˵Ů߹˵նлΧǳԷɡ
˿ܣתЦÿˡոǿǻҶˡҪȥ緹Ȼһȥɣ
½ҶһۣŮЦ𣺡ðҽң壬ҵְɡ
״½Ҷüһ˹㣬û˵꣬ǵһۣˣȥ¥
Ů˳½ҶһţǸϡ
 

44 Ե

緹ԵÿĿİͰͣң½ҶһԷһ涷죬Ƭ̲ͣǲòѵ˵ܵܺüΣһٷƽꡣ
ʱס鸮Ͼ͹䡣
ðȥ㡣
Ϊ鸮ôýҽҡ
½ҶʲôǵŰݷ𣿺ߣ㶮ò㱿ͷԣֻһңݵز⡣
вŮ㡣㣬ߡ½Ҷصͷ
ŵܵܵıӰͻȻмֺЦñ⣬ҶӼ꣬ĵغܺõģӾ֪ˡЩȥɣü˵ġ
һתң˸ʣ㣬ڰٻ԰ô϶ϵģ꣡㱣ܡǶرᣬô򡣡
ңհٻ԰ǸŮĿŮǵĳһ¶ϣҲһòˮŮֳǳҾ֡ŮõùֽкáԹ壬óЩǰŵģż˺ġ
ʵһ㶣˼һ¾Ц·̫زϣҲŮĸ׽ϣ
Ŷ
治α˵ټʱҸϸ˵
ң˸߲ҵˣǻͷͼ½ҶվڲԶȻ
߹ȥЦʣҶңŮһ²У
㣬
ѽڹ۲졣ңضԺ֮ңó۰Ϊк洦ȷʵĴΪβԵ
½Ҷһ
ٽͣվȥݼľ
㵣½Ҷ£üʣȥҡ
ˣ㲻Ǻ𣿽Ҳ벻Ȼˣǡÿһδ˵Ϊˡƫ̻ضĮǾͲֵ÷ˡǸɣҾμҵļҽδ̻ݵġ

֪֪ˡ
ĥţ½Ҷͷ
һٶǵȥ߷ǻ˸
ŻصһѾ
С㣬ղž׸ĴƱ˸ԹȥʻˡǶǶεġ
Ǿؿĸݵģ
ū̵Ѿߡ
ѾˣǷ˼
ǰ̫һֱܱġΪνȴϢ
 

45 ͽ

佻ĥ̫ʱʣộ
ݼүĸ࣬˵̹ҹǱ뵤¶͵ͱ˰׸鵽Ͱץˡˣ޶֤ʲô¶ᳶ̵ġ
ü˺һŻּҵģϺ޺޵Ѿͷһͽꡣ¶ʧԣ϶ɵĺ£ָĸӵù𣿡ҧг˼䣬ٷԸ˸߾үȥһ˾׸Թ¼ҧүѿ
ͬʱܼǰ꣬һšǻʼԺҪ£һǸŮƣʷĵ㹻ְٰˡƣƣһû˸ȢŹѷôѾ𣿡
󽫾Ϣŭ
Ϣʲôŭ
δһǺѶӺݺһ٣ȻѸȫشʮ塣ϳͶӲΪı죬ǾȻΪŮգЩץסѱ
ĸˡĨȰ˵ү׸̫ˡǾǹҲѽһСС԰Ŵ󶯸ɸ𣿡
ߣ㶮ʲôЩʼɵ˼Ͳǳء
һס
˼䣬Ը׸غǱ참ٸǼҹүȫҡ
һҹƽعȥϸݸûаӱץߵצ԰ڳһģ
ٴǰºȻβ档
ʱһ̣½Ҷθ
ǰľվţꡣһѰİɫб޵Ľüһ˫ĿǳĿϹճ߷Ӣ𽥳ͷɡ
ľʲô
ǰ½Ҷ˶ٽŲ˿λȻˣ˶һ񣺡Сֶ½Ҷݼβ
عľҡͷЦҶ겻㳤ˣԽԽĸˡ
½Ҷһ㶡
˵书ܺãƷ絶˼ɣ
һ½ҶŻش𣺡˵а˳ɵĻˡ
ãòУһա
һʿ˹ѳ
֪Ǻ⣬ţ»½Ҷý飬ӵ֡
벮ͽ̡
 

46 

ںʱż½Ҷ
ʣ½Ҷ£̾һȻ͵İЦĸ֡ǿ
Ҷ
أԼһᣬ½ҶŻع񣬡ҵ书á˵ҵ߳ɻʵս㣬ĥɻؿԼ˵˵ˣ˵ӳĴ£ѵöԡ˵СʱԲҵеʱǸȥǸú
룬ʣ㻹
Ҿ̬Ȳα˵ҵĺܶ¡
ϸһյΣĥƬ̰˿ǾͺáһЩֻкôţܻܵҪȥĸۡݷá
ͷ½Ҷóһ߷һ䱦ᡣŵȤĿ˶ԲμӣҪʮˣ˵м˼ӵġ
ùϸһ飬һ£ȥ۽硣

Ϊֱ飿㲻˵ŮҲȥ𣿡
ĥһ£½Ҷ̲ס׷ʣ㣬Ǹ߷ʲôôȤרϲ
һ̽ǵһۣҺ治У
½Ҷŵգգۡ
ҹǶԿŷյᡣ
ʱ֪ҪҴ߱λı̩ϻλͬʱΪ永ѩ
ϸ˼Ŵ;絽ᣬ̾
Щ꣬һ˺ܶɡ֮ǰҪõʵ֤߱ݡ֤ݣһ䣬ʵۻ᲻նݳ
ã͵ֱ塣
ι̫׵ܣ״ݾߣôӧҵ
֪ߣ
Ժҹ̽ѡݸҵǸʵ׵֣ȴѡ˸Ѳ
ͻȻ䣬ǲµ˽ȶԸݼҵɣжȻʹּ˵Ļϲ˼һᣬȥҷӰ
٣ģһġӰûΪʲôͷ˵ճţҷ˸ҡ
ң
ǸˣֻǸè
֪ضѰ˼˺һֽ˼䡣
ҹɫԽྩϡһשߵԺͺվţʯԣɴҹ䣬ȴ޸оȴһ̣Ų졣
̧ͷվߣ΢΢һЦ̩¡
 

47 ܻ

߽̩ܲһᣬЦЦû뵽֮ྐྵڣ֪빫ҵԺӵģ
¼ͼٲûЩ˼ݵعܻЩ֮
ҡͷܲ߹£ֻ벻һֱϢ㡣ɷѿĵشϢ;磬˼ܣ֪к󣿡
ʣռ̩ͥУ¸Σ
΢£üܲû
ɵ¾áʵۻһֱң𣿡
ӹһ˿ȣܲĬƬ̣αΣҲͼıλΪݲң
Цһ£ҲԻλġ
ܲһüʣ⣿
ǰ֮䣬ұûгƽ¾ɱȻ𣿡
˼£ܲڵվɣʣ˵ʲô
ͬ۾һһٵػش𣺡ԶұɱţȻʲұ֮ǰ빬ͼΪʲôҪðս
ܲЩزȴɷס
粻ֹ»ģȴδ롣óһ²ԸǷǣҹͷݣ˼յ߷ʱһƷ¸߼̫дǡ

¶㲢ģûж֣ΪԶڷأһʱҲڡ¾ʹŻᡣɴ˾һ·ξϣ˼
ȥܲʯԣĻ֮⣬ͷһ䣬ȭͷȴԽ߬Խ
ڰУķῴԶܲʣɣôѡ
ûѡ
˵ɡطأֻҪСĽδزܱסԼġ
ЦЦ֪Ȼʵ϶֪͡ˡТڵۻʼұ̩Т˳
գܼ׵
߷ǰַǷྩͷ˼˲٣̺ŵĶ׷ǰоٵĸ¡ܣ¡ע⵽ϸĥžʾӡܿ죬һ鸮ɱȥ
жǺ͵ܵܽһŸ¡˴˿ŵϯСɵŸڵŮͬĿ˺һЩ¶Ĺˡ
ʱһ̣図󣬡ӣ̩ˡ˵ڴˡ
ɵĿһϣĬһ˲ʣ˭ͬУ
½ҶŸ󡣡
 

48 Ϊ

Ὺʼˡ߷óƷӮúȲʡ
Ƕ䱦ûʲôȤβɵӰ̲סʧ½ҶͬӦģֻϵʹȤͻȻ¹ӣĿǰ̨ϡ
㣬㿴ǣʲô
һ㶣ǻع񣬲ɵ̧ȥͬһ
̨һȲһ˸ߵ磬߲ϣƺڶ͸յ岽֮ԡתĲʹƺҡҷǧӰ˵ͷ׻䣬ܰɢ
λͣǱѹᱦǧӰڲʡǧӰһ꺮ĥɵġݴǿ麮Ũ֮أ֮ڶůʮڿɵú֣ԶܣȻɢ˻Щಹ֮Ч
Ž⣬Ծ޵Ŀɧʣ֪ۼΣ
亱Уļ۶ʮƽ𡣡
˶һ˺һᣬи˵ʮ𡣡
ʮ򡣡
ʮ򡣡
۸񰺹󣬼֮ɿʼ౨ۣһᣬһ𣺡ʮ𡣡
һ˲ԼͬеŸֻеʹ
̺ˡʼû˿ǼŸ˭ֻ´׷ס
ɢȥȴߣɴŵܵȥ۵ıĿĵйһᣬûҵˣ½Ҷȴһ˫ǰפ㡣
ûע⵽ܵվסţǻʧиϹ
ͷǲݸ빫ӡתӯӯĲ⣬ڲסĵĻϲ绨ЦգĪؾ֪Լ˭ţЩĪʹһ˲ͻȻʹԼΪҪĵƭҡһ£˼Ҫѿڶĺ΢Цʣû뵽ϹҲˡ֪ϹЩ𣿡
ҵһ߷ʵ۽ˡܶණƺǹġ
ȷʵЩƷ˳⣬ԷǴ룬˵һҴ¿
ϲصͷ
ƹһȣٵ̨ףɶٲ˵ƱȽϸߣԶ۽־
һԶչԼɼɫ˵ȴϢع΢Ц˵û뵽أ߷Ѱȴж졣
ˡѡַʱȷʵõġ룬ʣϹΪ½ӸȤ𣿡
 

49 ҵ

ʣлһ˿ȣǡҶǸסģġ
Ŷüʾ⡣
Ϊ
װʶңһعﳤ̡ߣ
ЩĪգתȴ¶һǸı飬һնɹάȻ̩³˶ͣǸҵԹӲšŻҶһ
ʲûӳ֣һΪݼҵĻ쵰ʹءְٵǿ
һ仰ƺ֣ƺЦмԹţЩӣ̧ۿ
ҲĿתŲ⣬ƺζƺ
мңɲɵƿۣƬ̲˵͹ġ߷볤ֺ󽫾ĶǸµˡ
빫ӣǸִ֪ͷǲµġ
ߵǰ̧ͷѣһҪġ˼ݣرӣضᱨġ©

תˡ
µõǧӰ̩ôʱ̩ض̡Ҫأһ̤ͻǣʱ᲻ߡ
ĿıӰĬĬתۡƽһתһȥкܶҪӭȢ͵Ȱǰá
߷⣬½ҶĴͿ߳
㣬ȥˣҺҡ
ЩĪѹѹ֣ǿЦЦҹžͲˣҺҡ
½ҶץͷûʣƤЦسڸСãôѽ
ǶپֻӬܣһ䣬Ҳȥ
־
¡Ϣһ͵˸֪ǸԣϲϴĻᣬҲ˲ˣҴҸ
ֹǣӰһһֻذһơ
⧲Ƶһ򡣿վסһ·İ꣬аڵشܵϸߣĻ쵰ҹܱү£
ȭ½ҶЦҽԶЩ򣬴ȡ
һ㶡
ǡʱ˽ǻԣÿ
½ҶԾػͷһξǰվһ̧°ͣ㻹Զ㣬ܣ
û뵽һðµģŭ˭
СүξҵСֵ½Ҷ½Ҷļ磬ξһֱ׳
 

50 

ûݣ½Ҷˣбξһۣ˭ֵܣҸн飿
˭˵ûģҵн飬Ǿн顣
½Ҷһ㶡
˵꣬ξתô⣿һ϶ġ٣ҪҪģˣƽ𡣡һתξðһ⡣
׵ĽѵȨһ²ʣļҵģ
ҵľ
ĿһãСеš
ѽѽߣС󡣡ߺߵıӰξ¡
ʧˣ½Ҷſһξ
٣Ϊҵ˵н飬Сһ꣬ҵܵܣҪ㡣̫ˣ˱СˡξЦúϲ£졣
㵸ĸģα½Ҷм̲סʣ˺ˣ
õòˡش־ҩѰͿһûˡҸ粻ǰ˲٣Ҫ͸
΢⣬½ҶѰ˼һ¾˵ҽǰҡ㣬߰ɣһȥ
áξһ˸߲ҡ
Զλ忴ûҡҡͷֵͷ
ǿųڼѹһע⵽ܵûʱ½Ҷ߻ˡŵξǳһ
ڣξѾ˸񣬡Сξݼ㡣

㣬֪ΪʲôͻȻתˡ
ιҶôô˵ɤӣξһذѸ׵Ľѵһ飬ԺҶֵˣԽҵĽ㡣ʲôҪܵ¶ҡ
û뵽ô˵ܶ
˼һ£΢Ц˵ιӿˡһջҶǹģû˰ɣ
ûˡνʶҴȵزƽˡЦ˵ҰɣҽҲôҡ
һʱ²͸٣ʱ˼ǣ̸һ뿪߷
ԶһʣľֻǸƷ٣ƾʲôҵ£½ҶǾʱ˸ֵܣ
ӣμҵĹٲ󣬿Ǽġǳס˵ӵȰ˵
ܻĥһᣬŷԸѹŭ޺ȥ
߷ߴһŸͣڴ˵̩ܲͬʲŵһĻ޲ɫ
ĬƬ̣ܲתʣ˵Ŀ֤ݣ
 

51 ƽ

ջߣתش𣺡֤ݣҲû˻ǵġ
Ĭһᣬܲ߹ʣһ׷ʲô£
³ʱ빬ʱị̃ڼּԶʱ̣Զʲ빬оݳӦߴšŹرգɽͳӧΧˡģԶûͻưΧȦȫѡîʱ̣˾ǽɱ棬ԶӦͳ츮Լǹϵе߸ۡȫ͵νĳиڡ
һܲЩ׵˵Ѫ𾪳Ұɵ˶Ϊ浳µΪұŶ˷財ͻطزĸ¾͹ӹ죬ڶܹ¾˵С
ûشܲһ裬ٵһȣţ˺üظ²豭ݺݵʣ̫ӣΪʲôҪʣ
ΪȻҪ
ܲٿȻ
óһֽԪʮĻ̰װ붫йأַ̫֮˽죬ȾָȨڱţѹ켺Ųþ䱸Ŀ亦¾ãԸ񣬻Ϣ𣿡
Σܲйر˱ۣѾǻʵۣΣ
üɷʣ»ɸò𣿡
ܾãΪʲô׮永
ҳԶүҡж
ûܲߵǰòʣ泯ĸţ˾˴ǹңν޳룬ұΪΣ
һᣬɻش𣺡ۻʼҴ޸Твǳ̬ǸУֻȻʵףǻʵۣ㲻Ϊġ
ܲȻת
ֻ۱˴˵ãܲƿۣպ׼ڮҵΪѣ㶮ʲô
Ƭ̣ʣô
õ֤ݣ׹󳼽ҴıµǻΪߣѩ
أ
֮գ¸ƽ𡣡
û뵽˵ôһҪܲ㵣һʣ㲻Ҫλ
ν޳գۻʼҡǸңҿһ¡ɫ档
ӾȣܲߵǰһᣬͻȻЦһɣܺãа
ܹ󣬵»ûǮ
һ̲ܲסʣϷ𣿡
ǹƽסһػش
 

52 Ϸںͷ

̩ȥˣͥԺվƬ̲Żع図ôͻȻ֣
ү¡һʱȥ鸮ȥϹ١ΪүϽĹϵҵ˲ʱʱҲаݼġ
˵図ԾذһĻ˵һ顣
˼ţɷԸ٣޳Ҫٿ̽ôݾߡУܵͨ
ǡ
˴̽һľ
һ図ɵʣӣľʲô£
һۣô棬ȥ
߳ȥ図߻գ׸һ׮԰ϼݼҵļˣ˽£ͼı죬شһٴ壬ʮꡣϹ˾ٱġʱԤ
ͻصϢϸһ飬ɳξʣ˭˰
ܾ
ü󽫾ӶֶеܺáţȲ
߷Ƽʻ֮ʱǽ˸ջص佻ӭС˵С㣬̫
ӹֽ꣬ü΢¶档
ʱǰ׸͵Ϲµ鷿̫ڣͿ˹Թ¼ŵо
оЩݡ
ǰûбֻ÷붨˶ȥ͸ܾʲôѾѽ˼гܾȴԸⱻá
أ
̵£һ˵֧õܣǰ˲󽫾ӡҲûԹ¼
ֻǰϷںͷء
˼ţǷĿһ䡣
ҹӰˡǵĻܸȤصͷ档ġ
߷Ӱ̲סʣС㣬ö˶ΪҪݵİࣿ
Ŀ¶Цʣ̾ʲô
ү
ҡͷǮ̣ԽԽǮֺҵڸʩûǮأǸܼӣܷ𣿡
ͷ˵СڹΪ
빬궼ûһаŮ˵ó衣ӣͷˡ
Щ󾪵СҪƲƣ
ҪƲҪ޴˵Ļش
ǰǱƵϵķϡΣҪһõٵצ裬֪ʲôоԸңֻǵһ
 

53 ʹ

ӷƽ˾عȥڸĵŷӰϢϲϽ̵һһ죬𽥿´߶Ƭˡ
һգ¸ܵܣ̫ˡ
ɫ֣ʾտܵܳҩЦɡһЩܺóԵľջ֣һݡ佻һߣ
Сˡ
Ů뿪¸һ·ţǾʣʱ䣬ûظˣʱﲻȥ͢𣿡
ʲžھ͢ɡСǲڼһݴϱ߹¶裬˵ҪˣϼͻЩǱ͵ġϲȥүǰУԴСȥϴүС䣬ٽˡ˶٣̫˵ҵĵǣ˵ТѹһүСڹó裬һ˰Ѷˣǻл·𣿡
ٵĳŮСֻȽС£»ʵǻãѡУΪ
ģ˼һ¾ʣ֪ҸЩ𣿡
Ǽ⣬͸﹩һǰүݼҵ·˻î֪ͨһ˹ҶĲ¡⼸үǰıҶƷТģңǮүˣº˵ѽ
Ŀ䣬ﲻõģֻҪûлӣһʱЩҵùͻ᳹Ϩ˼ҵǰţС
̫ǲŻص佻͵֪½Ҷڸ⡣֮࣬ǳһͼξҲڡ
㣬½Ҷʣ㣬Ұ̣Ǹ˵˲͡ʲôʱܺã
һǼһۣΪء
ץͷ½Ҷ˵׼ȥԣ㲻ûȥ
֣ô䣬ʲôȷʵȥˡǰӴˤ˵ҪȬ
½ҶһŵϴҴͦõġ
ô˵һ٣˼һ»ǸϽ׹£ȥʹ½Ҷһʱ嶯ȥϽ鷳ǳ¡
Ŀͽˣ½Ҷأü
˼ξ߹ҡͷ˵Ҿܵܵмֹ֡
Ҳòԣ
Ҳʹ㲻㡣Ｘ˫ۿأط˵ξˡ
 

54 β

ھϸԶѰһСξֱӵʣ˵ùѾˣ԰ɣ
ͷùǰ񡭡Ǹﵱҡ
ǸжӰɣ
ԡ
ܵǵӣҲжӣ϶˿϶ĸйϵ֪㡣
ü½ҶʣΪʲô
ˣ֪ȥִǳ¡

תת飬ξ˵ҪҼ˰Ǹүһܱ𣿡
Լ򣿡
ȥ˰ѱġ
˦һ۵½Ҷ˵ξ͵һ
תͷһӰ߹ȥϸЩԾ½ҶɻѾͷŹѽȥҽ㣿Ůң塣
Ǹȥ
һקס½Ҷɫ˵˵ģٵɧŮ˵ʶҡ㲻Ӷˣӡ
ҶӢ۾ˡ˼ҲҪȡֻǴڨһ£ô׵ҡڶȤˣãɰ
ι
ҵ˼ǣòׯ塣ǸѾͷֻҰʨӣСүҶԶ㡣
ˣ½Ҷ͵ؿЦʨӣó
׼ЦЦôߣȥһȥ㡣
һ½ҶЦˡξһǮβȥ
һ̺ң鸮Ƽ½Ҷ˶Щ档
֮ǰʶ
ûеġҽǿףһ˵ˡĥţ½ҶһξǸȥ
ðɣиҵɡ
꣬ˣ
ξһظ˵ҿ϶㵨󣡡
鸮ңڻ԰ɢҴұ֪½ҶȥǳԾѡ˵ãҶˡǸսС¥ҪȻ佻һ
ңתת飬ǣ
һһհļһξǵ𣿡
ңü
ԭʶģ֪Ҿ˾ѣҲ㲻ʶҪҲȥǡ
ξʷ̨˾ľĸǼôŮиڱְһΪ޸ݰʹĶӣ
ݸ־ˡ
ðȥ
ŮߵС¥תһұ޵ѾߣЦսһţ漴߳һӡƳӰתһȻһĵ˸񣺡á
үϽ
 

55 ԩ

⣬ȴ⡣
ǰû뵽㡣һ䣬Ͻתң壬Цʣˣ֪γƺ
Լң忴һۡ
ʮͣĿӢüȴŸ֮ɫһ֪Ǹɫ֮ͽ
üңȤȱȱػش𣺡һᣬҽң塣
ϽȴС
ŮǶޢڷѩһ°ɫػԽС䣬ɫҶ̽ȹеԼǡºɳز΢ޡ
һ֮£Ͻ;ЩݣҺ̣Ȼ潿Ρ
ģϽתʽ㣺Ҫȥ𣿡
ҶˣҪȥС¥ܵԱɡ
Ҷ֣Ͻɵöһ£ֻңʧС¥
䣬һεεؽУүүūء⡣
㿴Ǹӣӹס
عϽӶһڣͷֱϷ
С¥ڣ½Ҷңü΢£⾪Ҳ⣿
ʲôѽѽģûòңһۡ
ߣò½Ҷط
ƺԩ·խЩ̿Բ˵ң壬ϴζȣǸɡ
Ʋ죬ξģ˸Ҿϴʧˣֻ֡֡
ңĿһɡ
ãƶ죬ûëСסң壬ǿһ½ҶҶôֻˣ
룬½ҶȴʣҽΪΣ
һң帴һ룬գʲô˼ҽ˵θɣ
Ҿμɡ
ιôǻˣ
ĹĵصԼ˺ܴί½ҶͻȻˣͷЦ˵ģĹʲôȻ˵ʨӣ˵ӻࡣ
˻һͬʱһ
ھһ˲ξһӦһңǵͨɿ˵㣬Ǹˡ
½ҶǽŵĨˡ
һ˲ңһվס½Ҷӣ
Ӱһң׷˳ȥ

ȻܲǵģվԭƬ̣˶ţҴҴ˸
 

56 

С¥һ׷ȵʣǼƷ٣ճ
Ͻһ¡
˴ӵĶͷɵӣûŵڵŮ˲ֵ񡣡
ҽҲǰúܣǸѰŮӣҽ㻹ôȵóọ̈
ǣһԵ²ˣ䣺磬ǸŮ˸һǺöѾˡаǸʲô½Ҷһεģʲô߰š
գ±ѹһӵŭ룬һɨּҵŵôģЩ߰ҲţԸɷأ
һԹּҵİԷ˸ۣȴЦС㣬½ʷ̨˾δ˵ĹӣλԳǱɵֶŮǹٻ˼ҵĹС㣬ýŲѽ
һûˣ磬ȴע⵽ˣɵֶŮ
ô˵ġ
䣬˻ػ
Ͻüëһڵվµ½Ҷʲôϵ
ֻ֪λ׷ȥˣһ½ҶǸ쵰ŴСҴҳţ֪ȥ˺δ
ˣϽеû׼ҽϸ½ҶǼҲ½Ҷš
˼У֮໹ǰοӣȱ𼱣ȥ
ĸӵ˼½ҶѾһ·Ӵ֣ܳ¥
ͷһξ˦˦ͷû׷
˿½Ҷҡͷĵ߯Сˣʲôѽ
ܣܣ򣿡

Ů˾Ǻˮޡ㲻ÿģҳȥ
˵ʨӵĲ𣿻У˭˵ҪչҵģôСѾͷˣ½Ҷļ磬Ŀ¶м
ξҲǸʤģһüû˵档ͬʱƳ½ҶҴһξأ
ͣ
ǱشӵԾңѾסȥ·½ҶܣǵСӣ
еù
ô˵ˣǱˣңһСһڡ
ûξ跨Բһŭĸ쵰ʯͷˣĸվ

½ҶҲ룬һָ
µץʯͷһŭؿΪң
һң⣬մҴҸϵǿˣæڵӦӣǹġ
תһĿһӦ޳
 

57 

ǰʶ˿Ӧ޳ˣЩʧ䡣Ӧ޳һ΢Цͣʯͷңǵģʧ׼ͷԲסˡ
üһӦ޳Цߣô˵ǹġұҵˣ⳥һƽҪҲСʯͷĿ¶ơ
̬ȶӣü
Ӧ޳Խ½Ҷˣ߹˵²Ҫôߡʯͷʱҵˣһƽթ
ɨһ½Ҷʲ˵ҵģҪһ£
ģôţ
һӦ޳Ҫش߹һ⾳Ŀ¶Ρ
޳ҵ㡣
Ӧ޳һ١
½Ҷһ̶Ŀ¶ɻȴ˵빫ӡ
ǰɨһӦ޳ʯͷʣϹʲôˣ
λӣʲʯͷһʱҵѡǸˣҲǹҪġƺǽģңŻش
ҪҰ㣬ֵǮġɲӦ޳Ҳǻң岹һ䡣
ǹթҿö˶˵ģˡӦ޳ţ½Ҷ˳סң塣
һң岻ɵÿ½Ҷһۡ
½ҶЦЦң˵޳㿪Цﲻص档
硭
졣
ֹӦ޳ת˵޳ƢǿʧˣϹ֡
ģԭҲǻҶǳġ
תת˼ɹʣλ½ǣ
ȥ㲻ϵ˰ɡ
ţ˵ұܡСʱܸҳŵġ׷䣬Ÿˡ
û
ǵãǳʶӣиС࣬㳤̡ʱĸͷôԲԲЩֻ赶ʱģգۼ䣬ˣЩȥҲԶٻ
ĬƬ̣ЦЦ½Ӣۣ֪ĵ𼸳洫
½Ҷʶػش𣺡ʮɡһ˲ؾ߳ɡ
бһһӦ޳һ䡣
Ůװߣ
һתѵ磬չڵ¥ء
һɲŭӦ޳ȻǸؿһǣϹˡ
ǲȥĿıӰʮ֡
¥ྩӣߡ
 

58 Ķ

ʧˣǿ뿪ķ½ҶҲڷ
ɨһܣξ׺ݵפȺתע⵽ܵһ½ҶҶְַǰҡΣ㣡
Ҹ
ʲô
û°ɣǸ˭ʶ
סЦЦɣ߷ڳ
ŶǳֺĲҵ̫ټӵһһ磬̩߷ģ̫佱̩Т˳£ھסһӡ⼸ճҰ񣬲֪ǲġ
˭֪ļٵģ̫ϲͺˡɣǿ˿ң壬ҶյĻ˵òԣңǡ
ȻƲһ죬㻢½Ҷǿ˸ǸҴˣӣ˰ɡ
ߣʣ˭ϡһıģңһţֻ˵㣬һȥˡȥ㡣
ңˣ֣Ҷôôأ
㣬ֻǸ߻ҶǸңǺˮޣԶ㣬˵ȥˡҺ޹ġ
һۣڳй䣬Ĵ֪𣿡
ǡξ˸
ˣ̲סЦٴζ˼Żظ
ˣξʣҶǸϳôֵֹģ
ûʲô˦˦ͷ½Ҷ˼һ¾˵Ǹȥ¥һȥʲô
㣬
ô࣬㻹ǲҴ磿
Ȼǡǡξضǧ˵©ҵ֪׼ȥЩطġ
ģ϶֪߿㡣
õ¥һȺݺݺΧ½ҶξƳȥӦԼЩŮ¥ȥһȦûɵӰţֻûͷȥξһŮ˵ЦĶӡ
¥ߴɵͷǱߣЦҡͷô
Ƭ̺һ߽
ӣķԸǱˡλ½һĴġ
磬˵˰ɣǸŮ˾Ǹˣ϶ָʹ½Ҷġ
һӦ޳Ϊ͸¶ҵ١㲻˵ܸ
ߣϼҵĶǻˡ
ִֵ飬̾һļ磬ºǡ
Ӧ޳ɻͷʣ壬пϢ
 

59 Ͻ

óһϢ
̩׸̫ĵι˽˹ظټ˺һӡҹδӵ˵̫ùõĲлκˡ
ĿһŰѸϢϸ飺ؽĽеضҪݳǰ׼塣Уۡ˾֪ǵ
ͷȻ˵ӣշѾִྩӲһ
áˡһ˫ĿıӰĿ¶ʧ
ӵ¥һСŹճﴩƬ̣̤˵ߴ֡¥Ӧ޳ˣ˳ҪԿ򡣼мֺЦСԿ򡣡
붬ˣáӦ޳Цţȴ͵ͣ
磿
꣡㿴ǰľ¥⣬߳
ȥӦ޳ȵһЦŵǸҵģ¡ĳӡһм죬·Ķ
˼ţɴӦ޳¥СкʣʲҿиףƺƷҵĹӣ
ǰǳ͡
Ǹ͵ĺõطдͶʲôأ
˵ЦˡȻҪȥ¥ģųĿǸʲôĹ£ˣġһٷԵò󣬲ӡλԵʲô
򡣡
ҹʱ図ص߷
ӣҵĽռ˶ƽһ¡ӣƽȥһºΪӱ½Ҷ˵£һգϹҲڡ
ߵòŷԸҪ赶ɱˡǡ
ʱһѾĽ佻꣬ǳԾѡ
ѾߣʣС㣬үôͻȻ
ȷʵܹ֡˵ǵһμң塣
ǳ˼Ƭ̣д̣͡һװȥ㣬ȥһ𸮡סڳǶ΢֪ġ
ǡ
Ҵ룬ң֪Ϊá
ʲţ̫ǲѾϢȥүǰҪΪүϽסϹ񲿡Ӫһֱ֪ӿҵŮûзԡ
ȥ壬Ƕ˼
ͦ۹ģǡԸ
䣬һ졣ͷһӰڻϡ
 

60 û

߽£Ӱ˵в¾أҸ׼Ҳ⡣꣬ҵƷ˲ҶĹӶһƷĲҶ׵ıлмصƷʮպ˵˵Ҫʱ㣬ʱڻڼǰ飬֮ˣ빬ɣ־ˡ
ϱȻ˼£ʣ
ƷڳʮӣģĽԪáƹƾסԺӣȫǲֿ⣬еĻ͹ﶼԪû䱦ϣ򣬲ٹŮҲ˵ġ
⼸սûгע⵽ܵȥݸˡǸһΣת˺һᣬܽԺֻܸɵۡӰ䡣
Цһ£Ȱɡ
һҹƽعȥ
½Ҷﻨ԰ţ͵ͣ£վڲݴ﷢
ʣҶôˣ
̧ͷһ
̨ףŶӻ겻ģʣʲôˣȥһ˻һ
ĸף½Ҷһ˵˸ˡҾһˡò̫񣬵Ϥĸоֱ̫ˡѹֽô߷ѵû
֪ӵʲô̲סҡ£Ҷ
͵һԴ֪ˡǽҸ硣ҽȥ߷Ҫȥʲôᣬһ֪ʲô϶ǿ䱦ġ
ȵԲۣڣ
϶ǡ棬ѧҵգֱһģһСʱ춼ôңұشʮɡʱֻнڣôһģһ⡣
˭
ɡ½ҶǶ߷Ĺϸ˵һ顣
꣬˼һնĲ²ܸߵˣҲҪȥᡣ׮永ǣѪɺӡνɱŹ⻰һ˵ȥֻΪɱ֮ġ
ץͷҾ׮ӿ϶Ǹˡ
ҡͷ̾һܴʵ۵ǻǾ˿ڣҲֻ͡ȻͲܸҡǲǽڣֻҪиù޾ˡ𣿡
ĸһ̬࣬½Ҷͷһݣصͷ
½Ҷĸӵ˼ѾȽ˸һ·ֱǶ
Ǹʵĵˣ϶ƴԼһ˼ذС㣬Щʸ֦¶⣬ѹͲڡ
 

61 

ңϴţʣǸмү
үүүСĵ׵ܵܡүģ⼸ﵱңСүĿ࣬úܡ
תת飬ңܸȤϸ£ʣ½Ҷ֪𣿡
֪ǱүүֻСףүѧġ˷ūû˵Ǹر׵ˣСɺˡǶǺõĶǺˣ඼ǻˣڰ׷
תתңº£Ȼһֻӡ
лС㣬ū澲Ҫ
Űɣ鷳һˡȥ˵֪ˣǸү졣
ԸѾȥңһȥˡ
佻һ뵽ٿ϶÷ʱֲ֧һᣬҾ˵ңĻῴǸ
ֻЩ̿ȴ˵С㣬νĸ֮үǵƷѽȻﻹû鸮˵㣬δͬǰġ
ҡͷҿңó۰Ҳһġ
һ㶡
ʲô̾һҶסʵǾ˾˰ء
С㣬ЩҲΡ뿪ɡ
û˽ڡ
ôĵƭҡǰҲ㣬㲻˵Ͱաأ㻹ֵȥ¥̫ˣһأ
ͻȻƢ
壬ȥ
Ǵս˺ܼҾ߽үһλ㣬˵һ
½Ҷһ㶣ȴݸ
ܿ죬ң߽һѾߡ
һϮ£ʩۣ֬ɨü糿¶ºɣȻġ
է˴磬½ҶЩޡ
Ҳڣң尵ϲЦӯӯʺ򣺡á
ע⵽½ҶڷһЦɣҪȥˣҶʲô
ңе֣½Ҷ㿴ǲǺܿɰ
һֻë׵Ļãëɫ͸ף˪ѩСյصȣ־
ӣ½ҶⲻѣʣΪθӣ
ģ͸㡣ңһϲص˹ȥ
㵣Цӯӯ½Ҷ򴽣֪ò÷𡣾һᣬתת˼ӹЦл⡣ܺóԵӡҪҪһԣ
 

62 ú

ӣңˣէ仰ʱһҪ
˭ӣ
½ҶȴЦŻش𣺡԰ҺܾûˣлһȻԵãƺȻ
ǣիĻѩãѩչҰá
̫ˣѩûûԹһңܹӣ½Ҷʱˣɴӵݸܼң壬ൽɱ˳ԡ
Ҫӣң弱ˣܳԡ
Ϊʲô
Ͳܺú𣿶ɰѽ
û½ҶڣҲ̲סˣҶңһ⣬ô飿
в飿׼úóԸ⡣зݣ㣬һ԰ɡ
½Ҷװɵ㶣ŮǱҪˡңȦˣǺݺݵ˵ܵһۡ
󱿵顣ˣ
ӣŭúţ׼ԡ
㼸Ҫˣ½Ҷǿؽӹӣðɡø졣
½ҶˣǼңһɥɵðο˵ȥԣϰˡģõġ

ǲʣҪȥ߷䱦𣿡
ţ䱦
԰Ҷ䣬ϲۣ֮ĶֻСϲӣȸɵߡ
룬ңڽԼ˺ͷ
ͬʱ߷ֻ̩ܲɫģȵʣֻģ
ʵֻĲ֣ǡȥƽ⡣
ܲĵë˵ƺˡ
ĴûУ൱ϡ档ϴ͸磬Ϊ˸̫Ŀʵֻģ˳˵ûǮˣʵۿ϶һǮ
Ϊʲô
ЦЦȡ֮֮ʵ۸ǮΪ˱ʾػĵھǡѰû㣬Ҳ˿ʵ
ǻʵۣҪɱΪ鷳
ɱᣬȷʵʵ۵ǻֻ꣬Ұ˰йлĻ죬ɱҲܡɵ㣬ȴûж֡
һһ룬ܲ򣬡ûмݷ
֮ѳһûʵ۳£ȨǵĻã
˼ţܲĬĬͷ
ʱ図߽
ӣ½ҶҪ㣬ͬϹң塣
ɻû˵ܲȴʣ½Ҷ˭
ºĳӡ
ܲתת˼ȥɡ
 

63 

ɫ䣬½ҶֻվǶԻǰϸȤңʣƹ߹λ롣
ƹһţǰ˲ûܲ˵öˡ߷Ҳǿˣ㡣ɡ
ûн飬һɣ¡
һ½ҶܲЦ˼仰˵Сǣǽ߷ʲô䱦𣿡
ǻҶҪžһ䡣
ԣ½Ҷһ۽㣬һһĮȻɣ빫ӣ߷ɫصĶ٣ûŮӵ鱦һࡣ
΢½뿴Σ
ǰ
˿ң壬ɰԺЦʵмġ
½Ҷһ㶡
ңһɵһ죬æͷ
ܲȴһɨһŮһЦɣġҶߣȥЩ鱦Ρ
ܲߣǷں棬΢˶ٽŲ
빫ӡ
۲ӯӯԼתͻȻЦʣǰ¥ȥǲϹ֪𣿡
ɴ˷ĿǳԾȥ¥
Ĵ㵣Ȼ˵ͬеιӡ

ʣϹǰΪ˿䱦𣿡
عǲɵ̧ۿĿתζƺ̽ƺ
Īһ죬ͻȻˣݺݵһۣ߷䱦ʲôÿģ
ŶΪΪлֺЦʮȤ
Щңŭضţ㡭ЦʲôʲôЦġߣ
ԾЦ˼ͻȻѹܵܲ˳ۣﻹԼҪ£Щ߻֮ȥ
է仰һ
˲÷Ƣˣϸʣȴǰȥ̩£ǽ·
һﰫǰʮͶصΰš
˼ۣ½Ҷת˵㣬ҾЩͦġ
Ѱ˼ɵѣһ˶˵Щ칤Ѱʱòϵġ
ܲȴ˵СǣЩȷʵ㡣ϲһ͸㡣
ǳһתͼܲЦݿؿԼ̲סһɡ
ֿţֻ΢ü
ϲ𣿡
ٴһɣܣл⣬ɡʵġ
Ҿܺÿԣ
˵ɿˣ£⸱
 

64 

û뵽ô˵ܲһ㶣̲סյ㡭⣬ƭ˭úãɣ㿪ۣ˰ɡ
ɺشǸźãдʵ˵²֪ܶŮÿ궼һεġɵúܣ˸˶ֻǻû͹ȥ

ҾֻϹһתһֻͶصüƷģյĽҶ໨ʵȫһγͣûκνӷ죬ɫ󻪹ȴԵκγ϶ʵġϹ԰ɡ
ֻݹ΢ЦţתĪζ
˼£˳ؽӹֻӣһ£ָֻʹůЦһ£ʣֻ𣿡
ֻҹ칤ǻڴ붼Ƕһ޶ģ㹬ҲûС
ֻٿһϲãܲЩƣʣɣֻǮ
бһۣɵش𣺡ֻϹʮ䣬͸ˣҪǮ
ܲһ
ȴϲл빫ӡ
һĻ½Ҷ̲ס̣һת˵빫ӿҾǶԻۺܺãһ͸Ұɡ
˻һ뿴˹
ܵһȻǰ׼ԲȴüЦǸˣʿºʵ
ٴһ㶡
£ʿһǧļ۸Ҳġ
ܲشǵһ۵ܵܣ빫ӣҶЦġƽʲôģҪۡ
٣滤̡Ҳ
ţ½Ҷ˵㣡ǡһԻۡ
׼˵ٴεסܵܣЦŶܲ˵±֣˵˵ġ빫ӣлˡ̻ˣǡ
½Ҷ˵Ӳקŵܵˡ
ĿȥܲŭɣΪιң
üɾʣң
ʲ׼͸һΣΪֹ
£βʵġ⣬˸ϼҵŮߵ̫ºȻʵҳ½ҶǱףֵҲʩġƱһֹ˵㲻⡣
ԶԡܲѰ˼βȻʣ㻹͸Σ
⡣￴ֻû׼ģҺǮġ
ܲƵ˵ݡˣ㸶Ǯ
 

65 Ź

ܲһƵشˡȴЦ
óֱܲĹģǹ֣Դڲס̲ܲס⡣
Եü䣬
ɣҵĶȥ顣ֵֻһǧġ
תһʦֱƽˡպ󹦳ɣһ𡣡
ðôǮ
һЦ̩С
͵֣ķǹЦãܺãһļ磬ʦܣ㿪ˡʵһء
ҡͷԵֲ֧̲ס˸ۣʦ֣ôôԣѾĺˡ
٣⻰ԡûǮô̵ʱڽ߷չŹ££ɲ㻹ҵǮչãǡ
ǣʦ˵öԡ
ǵȻҪؽ˽ܰ˶ﻻΪ˾㣬Ұ֮ùˣ֪ЩֵöǮ𣿡ķǼѵ
ֻ˵лʦ־֮
лʦչ㣬ˣҵġһ䣬ķͻȻЦ˵ˣ鷳ˡ
ʲôٿȻһ
û׼ˡȥ𣿡
ݺݴһǣɰȾߡ
תֽǣֻȺıܣмӰڻս
ң屣վں棬ɷסξ֪ʱˣǱڵϣ졣棬ڵصۣ»档ԣϽͬҵڵϣۿһƬһ֪ȭͷ
ĿһɾǰбȴһϺȣס֣
û
һ˲һӰ볡С
ҽк󣬻սӰէһ֡
߰˸öᣬսе½ҶҲ
ûڳеӰ˵ߵһ»üһεʡ
𣬵ӰһΪһֱǵӰһֱ˵½Ҷ
ǻոǿһ־ͷסӰܣڱؾȡ½ҶǱˣھõĵڣִӲӣ˾ˡ
ΣʧеСģ
δ䣬ңѾγذ˳߸ɣ
ǡڴʱڶң˳ȣȰһƹˣǡ
С㣡
岻һǰң弸ҪؾѾˡ
ۿǾҪץסһŭ߳
ӰһһӰǰɡ
»ѾкˣԼͬ۴Ŀݡ
 

66 ץ֤

½ҶѸپ£һֻǵӰڳУһٿ»ŹϮ͢٣޷졣
ݺݵһӰһؼܾүǰװģƾʲôҵ£һƷС٣٣ȵԼＸɡ
ҲֻǸƷ٣ǸΣװʲôβǡ
һ˹ǰݵ˵ҵĹٱöࡣòҪң򡭡ܾĹٿɾͷˡ㣬½Ҷȴң˽ߣֻҪִȰץ
ֻϮҡ
û֣Ҹ֤ݡͷһɨΧļ̣˵ǲǸСȶִǣ
û˸ҳŵָһƹģ˱ʣ˵
ǣǣȶ֡׶ŵһ֧һ䡣
˰ɡֵܾĵ̶֤ˡҪҪִѽ
ţܾ΢΢ü
ӲⱣٴǰЦСãܵǸµġֻ˵˵ʹС֡㿴ֳɲð硭ֻҪ˵仰¾ˣôЦţв֮ȴԱ
̬ſ͸ŹŹ֣ǲһɡʱɻͷ˿ڱָֻҡҡ
һ⡣ǰ߳΢վڵܵЩչһЦݹ⻰˵˵ƺ²ҵܵܵĴ
ѵÿһЦЩ񣬲ɵû˻٣СãԼȻ
û˵꣬һȣӺˣ
Ӧ档󾪣ʶһˣһۣһ˲һӡಡط
¡ֱͬʱʹ̲סҽУ
һ˲׹أûǰٴһЦף֤ȷ䡣ˣ˾ȻǽҪɱԼӣ׼񡣡
ʱѾЮֵһסĲվǰ棬Ŷ»
һ䣬עĵ˲䣬ɱѡΪ˾ˣ»Ȼȴʹ˸ɾ˵ƣƵǺˡڻսʱ»ĵˣǡ˵׵֤ݡ
⻰ܾɨһɣЦݹӻһ˸ðɡĻ㡣
 

67 

ƣ»ƾ׸Ĳ۰ץˡ
ܿ죬ܾѺУ׸ȥ·ϣǻһ̬ţɵõǰһͻĹݡ
һ뿪߷Ѱ
ܲüӮҶȻԹۡղŻҶȴǡ
ѵ
һǸæͣ
ֽͻȻ˳½Ҷæʣ㣬ôˣ
ûشɣ빫Ӿ̬ȹŹ𣿡
ɵͷǹҲ硣ҿ˾׸Щֱ˵
½Ҷ˶һ㶣ȴ⡣
˼Ƭ̣סܵ˼䣬ֱַξң塣꣬½Ҷһȴصס뻹ǿ˵ͷ
ǰߣǲתɣ빫ӣնлˡ㲻Ҷܴ򲻹ǵġֻ·ƽһᾩ׸ʻ˵ֻܰɡ
üתתͷʣû뵽ô㲻ϣƫܣ
һ㶣̧۾ͼһЦһ֪˵ɵ֣ϴڰٻ԰϶޵ġﻴҶ˵ָͬѵҪ̩³汣㣿
Ŷѵùôҡ
㡭װģЩյΪǻˣ
ʼ磬ôôףҸһֻӡܹġ
ٴһ㶣Ǹһˣݺݸһۡûȷ½Ҷ߻ˡ
㣬˵ʲôأͣǻڮǴġȻɨһɣ빫ӣҪ㻹µ㹦򡣡
˶һ㶡
㣬߰ɡ
½ҶŽˣں档
ŽıӰüСһˡЦʩʩȻں档
ڣԶһ˵Ŀڹ˼
ܾ˵壬ĻϮңܹϢѽ
ǹϢ⣬ǡ㿴֤ʣ˵½Ҷڳڮٽϣ½Ҷ˵Ͻ䲻Ȼʡ
ǰǡ˵˵ģʲô⣿
Щǲ˵ģǣϺȻʡ
ܾһ㶡
Ƭ̣Զҡͷ˵˵ǶЩ΢òãʧ֮򡭡׷ʱǰ½ҶϽܶᵹùȴδ¡
ţԶ԰ֿ֤һ飬ЮеԣʲôأҪһʡ
 

68 ؼ֤

ڣɲ˸
Ƭ̣ԶԾʣɣΪЮݼү
¾Ǵܣܶѡ
Ŀ¶ζԶһʣظЮ֣ıͼҪϳ͡˷Ĺʣָ½ҶһģԻͬŹ
ûشüʣ֪𣿡
ⲻǱŲţǡ˵½ҶڮٽϣԴ˵ϲȻӢơ˵ǵǰɣǡ½Ҷͬı
ЦЦɺֱӵʣ˿ɷ¿һ֤ʣ

̧ͷ˵ˣ׮ӿɴСֻô˵ǿô˵ģò½ҶùµùֶҲ֮¾ãֶ⡣ԴֶߣΪǿ
һԶԵɡ
Ȼ壬̹Ȼصɡ
˴˶Ƭ̣ԶЩʵ˹ȥ
ѹһϸƬ̲˵¾ã½Ҷ£¶˵ҪϢˣԲϹ֤ʡҪƽϢ£סԴ˵ĵڮ٣ؼ֤Ͻġν֮ì֮ܣһ·ģ֤šξϣڴˡ
ĥƬ̣Զù֤ٴϸȻʣ֮أ
󽫾Ҳپΰûٱֶѵһֱ¾׸ġ
ȵضɿһᣬ˼ܣֻǸˡ
ޡھǿҵЩȻҪòСķ˴
ɱ۴ˣԶ߳⡣ĺɫԽˣƺҪѩ
˼һٷĹԶԻֶԸ˼䡣
»ʵǻ֮һڴպŸ׵Ȩƣɳ˲°ŮƻǿȢĹƽĶǮ¿ι˵ĳ֮ƾ١
ֱһ£ŭıܡλҲǸѳ򲻹͸״˱ǰó裬պ֮´ͷ硣ةκץסԻʵپΰԼݵΪ£ġȻ󣬾ټԶԳξ׸Լѧܾеأ˾ݵĲ
Զеһξϳ˶ƽĶǮ¿ŷ򣬺֮ع˲٣ȴԲģαܾץʹţӴ˽ӡ
 

69 

ܾĻȳԾ˿ͷ˵һоմ˵ķԸʲôʣֻǶھ׸ֿѺôܡʱضƲԼ˾ռסݴ󽫾Ҳ޴ԷӡҶ;ϴ˵˵Ļ빫ӣֻ·ƽ޹ء
ܾ룬ͷ
˷ҺңȥҲȥδػżġ
ԣܾɵЦʣϹƺг㣿
ˣǴչˣҲʲôл塣ݸ
һʱܾͻ鸮ңҲ˸һˡȫѺ
⣬ǵл
áֻܵûضģЩΪá
л˹ģҶǾͰдչˡ
ܾˡǰĶһĻһǽ˸ŷɱ
Ѿ֪ӱץ׸աüһšİСѾͷһͷ¡˼䣬Ҳסߺߵȥү
ʱǽ˾͢
һ̫裬ϲ˵ܸҶִܣץ˾׸ŮȰסǡŮûã
ϹƷ裬ԲɵһۣǴʲô
ŮҶȥ߷䱦·ȥΣһ߳Ȼܡ͹ʺ򣬻ҶڡһԲϳʢģݹһ̼ʹˡ۶գغߣϽ½Ҷ磬ֱ̼ܵ¸һ顣
˵̫꣬ЦѽѽүͱүٷΪһﳳ֪ܲ֡ļҵĹôѽ
ΪһΡǻػش
үƺǶȥ׵һҡ
һ£Ϲµͷʣ˽Ҳڣһ壬ѽүҪΪѽǸɵӶӵ׸ˡ
ļٿޣ̫Цү˵أү߯ˡȻҪ׵ģαؼڣұүͻСЩ
֪֮ǰ˵ʲôһ
 

70 Ż

˰ɿϹ˼һ¾ʣǶҶʱʶҵĹ
ֻʶ˼աסҪףȢļҵĹƺע⵽ʲôʡ
С㣬үȢҵĹǽΪܵǸ
ʲôѽε̾һ
ԽԽԣ̲סʣܣϹ˵ʲô
Ӵ㲻֪ү·Ϊүˡ˴ܾʹ˾׸̫һЦʣûŰɣ
˵ûСֵ̫ףֵھ׸סһҹˡɷнµػش漴һת˵ݹھ׸áҶûºȻʡ˺ӣҪϸʡ
үôȻˡүѽⲻװɡ
Ǻ̫һһͣϹԽԽˣİ٣ôģֽţڮȻʣ£
һæ⣺ǵģүС˵½СŹֵ˾׸йϵ
ȥġڳԵܣܵҲܡʲô£Ҳȥס
⡭˵ģʶ˼֡
ЦţܴܵĹ̫ˡ´γţĻôӮ˵һ䷴
׼Ц㣬ͳ㲻Ȱ裬ƻǴܡŮһ䣬Ϲ¶𱸣٣ĺöӺŮһͻ¡Լƺ󣬱ǳ鷳
״ɷһӻңٺ޺޵һۣűӸ
߳͢ͻȻ˵ˣ㻹˸ЩԵõġ˵ļƣҪء
ţһʣʲôͣ
ĸԱѰ̨ڮȻʵǸĻѽЦˣεֻ
˵⣬ٲɵʮ֡ľѣ˲Ҵһȥ跨ˡ
֪ԴסڮȻʶǰŵĴΪŻţţȻȥϽҪƲ壬ҪȱסԼ
ҹˣӰص佻󡣵֪ռŹǿĻüҾݸĻǿѵصǿԮ˼ţȥ֪֪Ϊá
Ӱˣվڴǰźҹķ磬ɵѣ̲סóֻḧ
ҺĴء
 

71 ҹ̽

󽫾ƻ
꣬ЦһºûˣֵӡǸģ˼˷һûȢŮϡһ䣬ʣɵıֹ̩Σ
ɳݡʮǰһλʿһҹݹɽʮߴ̳ɽǿ߾ûӽɽ˸һº󣬽ݴҾټԶǨ֪ȥλҲûг֡ΪǸұй
˵̩ȥ߷ߵʱһˣ֪˭
̽
ʱ̫̣˰Ųȥٵȵȡ
˼Ƭ̣Ͻŵأ
֣°˱ү򽫾ǲ
Ըҹ̽߷һʵ
һ̲סʣһ߷ֵ˷𣿡
¸ң˺֮ʱ̫ȴů紺ǧӰν汦ܵõ˵ı߷򵥡
סȻ˼ǡչ鼺ã
תһ²豭ɭȻãͲܷЩѫ֮Ҷϡ棬ֻгֺЩ͸ܼѾǴһңٵ߷绢
پյס
ʱĸӰ뿪ǱҹһϣӰţתת飬β档
ʱŭӰ߷ܳһӰ׷ں档ӰӰĿ¶棬룬ٴθȥ
߷図ҴҴļɽתһȣ˻԰
Ĺӣҹ֪̽·޳׷ȥˡ
𣿡
ûС
ϸߵΣķЦһһų롣ҹӸս˾׸֮;ˡ˵ˡǧƽٲһݸ͡
図һ˳Ŀ⣬ȥ
Ƭ̺߷ƻ׸ȥʱ۸
ֵ߱ûһӰѾӳԶְӰᣬͣͣ˸ȥԶԶ׺ţӰһᣬͷǱһ¡ȴƬ̣ĸ˸
ˣӰҡǰһƬߵķ԰ĸӰǵӰΧڵС
ʲôˣ
ߣ㲻øġЦһΪ׵ĺ˰νʣڡ
˵󻰡Ӱνϡ
˼ʮغϣһսȦȵ˭ͷ¶β
δ䣬̱ǵһС
 

72 ͨ

ȵɢӰˡ
һڣĴһ޹ȻȥԶһǽ£ӰмǱתͷ˿ˣȭлԮ֪֡γƺ
Ƭ̣Ӱʣʲô֣
Ӧ޳ŮӣӦ޳ü
һӣûŮˣ
Ȼ
ĸֱӢۡҸ㣬ˣ·ǽˡ
תߣӦ޳ȴʲôȵȡ
ֹ£
мϤǡŶˣ֮ǰҹ̽Ǹˣ
ת˿ӰƺЦһ£Ӧ޳㲻ܸսƽ֡Ҷụ́һߡ

ҽзӰǰӰȻģȰʧ
ӰӦ޳Ծβ򢣬Ѱ·ȥ
Ӱص佻ʱԶ
ôϢ
ͷ˿û°ɡ
ҡͷݼĸҹ̽߷߷˰׸ˡ
ҹ̽߷
ԣ߷ˡһӦ޳׷Ǽˣ򲻹Ҿϴҹ̽ݸʱĺ˾
΢̶Ȼ˼ΣǲʣþЩĻöԸ𣿡
Ӧ
Ǻáһ跨ֻģƶС
һҹҲһҹû˯á
ɫ¹¾ͼææ׸ȥ
׼ܾ°ЦΣܾŹΪѵ˵ǼҴ˵ķϣͨһ¡ֻͣһ̡
ʱ¹½˾׸ΡϽһΣû̺ҹﲻ䣬ϤϤʵĳŵܣһҹϲۡһ¹££ôµģôöûŪȥ
ǼŻŵģ¹̲סһڣȴ˵үЩԡǧ˼ҵ򡣡
ʲô
˵үָڮȻʣɲᣬǧɵ
Ͻһ
үɵüסˡ·ҹ䣬õϡ
Ͻϸʣߴ٣ʱ䵽ˣ㡣
Ҷ¹һ̵ˡ
·Ͻûס䣬иϽҪ㡣
 

73 

ܾеźȲ衣
ļƣϽ˸ͻԥһ²߹ȥ˸Цˡ
̧ۿܾЦʣϹӣǲף
⣬Ͻ˵ͷ
ѹ½Ҷ˵ߣȴȻʡ
ˣ½Ҷ˵Ȼʣ¡
𣿿µǣ½ҶϣȻʣԡ½Ҷ϶ù϶Բ˶ߣ˵ִܣؼûˡ
û뵽ԼϽͰξеˣ½Ҷҵġ
ݣξ˵½Ҷụ̂磬ȻʾͲ÷½ʲôģ˵Ȼʡ
˵½Ҷϣ֤½Ҷ˵Ȼʣξ֤ݴ󽫾أܽϣξĸ׳壬̻ܽáȻʣ½Ҷֻܳеˡ
ܾطһһתĸ㿪ѣ˵ֻʢ£ȴϣøôУ
ϽǸûģһŻɵЩ£ɫʱòҰס
ܾԱģ˵˵ʢΪֻһʱ嶯پЩϢ˲ǲУһҪ½ҶǾֻһˡ
ɣɡˣûСңҲû𣿡ԽԽ£Ͻ͵¹µѣæʡ
һҧ˵½ҶϵġˣܾЦȴסš
ûûеġʱǾǳܣȻЩûеġƲԼϽ˲Ĵˣæľ˵һ顣
·Ͻң͹ȥкң½Ҷ˾ͳϽȻ⣬ǳһԼЦ½Ҷëû룬Щξˣվάֵܡ棬ƣξĻξУ½Ҷ򣬲˽Ȱ裬ϰæ
½Ҷ£ϽվȥȻȭţϽ½ҶŹԼƫܣֵòɿ
ܾ꣬һʣ½ҶڮٽϵĻģ
ͷ˵½ҶùͲܸˡûô࣬ͣôһ˵ͷ飬Ͻæ塣
ˣܿûˡȺúôšԸ˰ߣܾһȥˡ
 

74 

˿֪Ͻ˿ڹԼƳ˶ס
̺Ŀڹһ飬ҧ½ҶڮٽϣξɶͬıĻҲһҧ½ҶıӵĶѡ½ҶԴײŴξάֵܣֻ˵Ǵܣܶѡ
пڹ꣬ԶЦһԸֶԼֱةฮ
糯ɢû߳ţڼҴǰ
ȥ鷿
鷿ةκվš
ߵ¡
䣬δ̫˰ɡִܲ㣬ڮٻףŹ͢٣ֵ÷зͳ
£ʰһȱȨֻ˵֪⡭
ʲô⣿˵ﲻҺģܺĶӣ²Ϊ
ƲһκϺʹʵʢŭֻû
ܿ죬½Ҷ˻͡Ͻһǧƽ𷣿ͷšֻܾһ٣Ѻգһ
յ񳿣ǰŴʾԶԣţǻظŻ٣ܾٿϽ˻ۣϽĻŵط˹˳ԶԻץסᷴһ״
֪ɺ͵ܵܶû£ϲѣܿһʵܵοڹģһֻѩë
ע⵽ֻ½Ҷ̲סԹ㣬ƫġҪһԻôˣ
һۣռ˼ұ˵ģ
ĸ׵Ķ½Ҷ컹Ǳϣתۿ˿ֻӣҼǵϲӡ
ǰ
ȥɡ
ԣһյң͸㣬ͺú͸ʲôʶġ
Ȼ˶٣½Ҷó˵ʲôԴףΪ˸СѾͷء
ʲôң󷽵壬ÿʣóڣճɫҺܹ㣬˵˵һ㲻ã

˵ȥ߷ѰǾƢô̼
½Ҷһ㶣˼һʣ˼ǡ˰Ѿٸײϣ̼´ܣִ׸ڮϣ
ԡϽԭǸ֤ģΪŻŷڡĸӶԸ㣬Ϊ˶Ըǽܡһçײ̾͵̡
ͷһݣ½Ҷصصͷ
գȥһ˳һҪСġУҪһ㸮գ壬õ֪
 

75 ص

ںӣ۵ؿŶȦϵףһԸѾҩһ𱸣ɵӣǵˡϲǸȥ׾ǣ½Ҷʲôѽװ׵ر˼ݡ
ʵңҡִܾǲ²ǸıϽ룬ûѴ¸ĸףɵϱ˻ۣ˵Ҿҽϸ½Ҷ
ߣ½Ǹ仧ȴǵƷǼҴ˲ôû۹ġ
Ҳǡ
οŶӣ˽һףЦһ磬ܶӮѽܴܲĻ
ۣϽڵŭô˵ģûûСҰˣ
ߣΪѹ㱿ģΪ˸СѾͷִܻӮ
Ž㲻˳ۣͳӸ㽻õң塣Ϊң嵹ùֻ䣬˵ҽѾͷӿرˡ
ӣ
԰˵ͶأڸĻ¡˴һģҲҪ
ٷԸ̺ŵּҵЦ˵̣Сү˵үȥ߷ڿΡū澲²߷ġ
һˡǸǿģ䲻ܱȥֱ߷
һﰫǰ¿ЩΣֻۻң֪ѡΪѼ䣬Ų졣
תͼ˽
ǰ˶ʮͣһϮ£ڣ˱ѥϽüĿıһĨǳЦֱ٬Ϊƽһ˿˵аȡ
ע⵽ڿԼһЦ֪һΣͳö²ɵ÷ɺæش𣺡ңҾÿһܺÿġ
һüۣûʣת˵ˣЩζƷ칤ͬڹУϲġ
ͷ빫дˡѡΣһҪ׸ʺ֪ӿƼ
һ߱Σ仪ӺݣǹµŮǴġ
ȡһֻĲʺд򿪣Ŀ
޲λۡ
ƥǡôһֻҡָָһ˾ú𣿡
 

76 Ҫ

ƹˣ߱μǰȥת˿ڲ£Цʣɣ֪γƺ
빫һᡣϣ¡
ǧ𣿡
½ЦǰҸ顣
ת˼ɹ˵ǰѡһֻӡ֪ѡһ֣
㣬¶ʱ˺ʤģüǳЦŻش𣺡Ҿ빫ӶЩĵã硭ѡһɡ
ߵɫкЦתͷ˿ЩΣֻΣҲÿʮƥһֻƼƼһֻҡ
ɵĹƻ£ļΣظǧ߰ƽİ۸
òذͳţˣɻͷͼķվ
ʦ֣ôȤ
һ£ķǹһЦɣ治ֻѧһģˡ̫صˣЩǧȴҪۡ
ÿҵġϵˣǧ󡣡óһˡ
һôԵ
øǮˡ
ķǺݺݴ˴Ǵ˼˵Ͻŵ˲ǰ˳ǣݸ
΢£üЦθڲС
ԡѾ˲ĵϸˡ
Ŀ˳û
ϲػصٵ֪ǧƽ̲סʣ¶߷Ҫ۰ɣ
ôأһΣƽ˵Ҫ׸ʺѾܱˡ
׸ʺ󣿡
ǰᵽ
תתͷֻϸֻθ⻪ʣ͸ɡؽ϶ᣬ˱µ߲źء
죬²˵ʣΪΣ
ɵӣܳ裬ʱǸз
һ㶣²ɣ˵Ǹ빫ӡܵõô౦ļѰɣ
Ů˻գһ¼װû
ƽعȥҹ䣬˺üڰ˳ӡǱػصﻹûίͱͷһٳ
˷ݺݵᵹϰ½Ҷһ˵ȴͷһ飬˺һᣬ͵е˲˭СүʹǸث֣ҲǶǸˡ
ţҧгݵؽ½Ҷ١ڣǸʯ
 

77 ڿ

һһǶǵϢƺй¶СҹӰص佻
㣬ˡѾ֪ǽܴͨʹӡҿضޣѰ˼ű
ЦЦð
ٹһգҲʻͻ˵ͷ
ŵƻ˼ãǵͷٴһᣬӰ뿪
ʱӦ޳һ¥ϣڵؿıӰһᣬʣң
ת˿Ҿ㣬ñҰɣ
΢üá
ݣλ⡣ĻӦ޳񣬵ͷ
ĵڸбһòѾߵءûɣѾ߽Цʣү⼸ôˣļҵĹ㲻ˣ
۶̧ߵǸСˡ
ĸСѽ
شһСŽүǸ
ڵô
½λıȥˡ
һݣøɾ㡣°ѱڡ
һȥˣ£ذһֻˮ
СʱִҴˣüŪ۵Цүϼλճ˸ֻѾ߸š
˾ٴ𣬷Ը˼䡣
֮ʣǵ뿪ۡþ͹սһͣƬ̲ŹճʻĽС
ͣ£ǴؽйƬ̣Ȼͷˣ߽һ鱦ӡһԾԪá
ʱҵСܹŰɫȹʲŽǼӣѾǱȥˣǱġͣǡ
˿ͷʣģ
үˣǡһһָ
̧ۿȥһӰ߳һ̣Ȼǰսڵĵ̡
ȥ
뵽ԼαƣͷݡŹˣʱƢʲô˹ȥʧڵԭͣŵ͵ͷȥ
ѡһһӰʧ¥ϡ
룬ͷʣ¥ʲô
ƹ׺һæЦݹӣ¥ʱµϡ
ĿһԸӣš
¥źܶϣӰ
ĽǶŵƣ͸ս˴ӳģյ϶ƺڷ⡣
εۻɵվסŻˣѰһͼиӰԼĻζ
ϲ˹ȥ
Сã
 

78 һ

ЩնӦ
ˣ֪ǡ
һѳסζһһ㶡˴һˡ
ˣ
ٴקסһƬһ֪˺δڵˢˢ´롣⧲µϸסͷ
æƬ̣˦ЩϣٴĹˣûˡ
⣬Ƶ˦ͷȻߡ̤һִټ䣬ʶ㵸ƺߵʲô
飡
һ̨͵һϡﻩЩϣڵһ£ϸߡ
ס
һ̣һʹعһ²֪ʱˡҽһҲ˼ʲô˰壬һ溿У
ӲҽУڵӻֽţϽ塣
ү
ˮˣ
˷
ŨУĽǵĵȫǴϷࣼ䣬ڡ
ĺʱ֣¡ļǵؽ鸮
ѽһã¡ʹض㣬𣬶ˣѽǶǻʹõĻڼҪѽ
һ
Ĩһᣬ¡۵ĶҪˣЩǽ׼ļƷÿһǾϸѡš⣬һӣǼҾʧʮƽ˵˵ô죬ô죿󹩷ǣǴѽ
˼£¡ĻŻŵץסããϽ÷˵˵ô죬ô죿
͵صŸһᣬعɷ˼²סοУСȵȣȥүˣûУ
ҡͷ¡û
ΪΣ
ݺݶһ½ţƹͻƶ˵ݼүʧִ̨ôˣٸ÷˵˵ȥʴ󽫾
û뵽ɵĺ£һϣץסؿһŷԸȥȥү
һ̺ϽҴҵֱݸ
ݸѬǵһ溰ۣһšǸӣķ˳ü˵ȥֵģүְ֪ˡ
㵹ֻȥš
һڣ·ߺߵߣʱһѾߴҴҽүϼүҪ
ȵȡһ¡
Ƭ̺ǿϺҩ˲Ž˸С
Ͻʣѽյһ飬Ȼ˵㺦ңˡ˵㹴ȥģ˵⳥ң˵ʧպ
 

79 ʱ

ףϽظĸˡ
ߺߵİСˣҰŪ֣ôʰ㡣ˣ㻹Ҹۡ
⣬һСѾ߰һ˸С
һ̺󣬳üϼҴС㣿궨ԶӵǸ
ԡү˼ҪȢϼҴСš
СѾߣϴƬ̲żЦһأ鸮ǧ檣Ǹû۵ġȥɩǲ׵˸ţ޹Ǹ
ˣ
ȥѽ⼸˸ŮûʵüģϾһһתԣ๫ôһסˣô죿
һҴȥ
ݸ˼Ѿ׵鷿⡣
鷿̫裬ٺվһԣϽҲվšеϹûʲô飬Ŀȴм
߽һɨˣؾص˸񣺡Ů밲
Ϲ˵үҪѽǰĪرץ׸ǷġǼҵĵ̾ͱˣջǵӳ˵ǴС㹴ȥԪãһСĲȷ̨ġⰲӶȥѽ
̫üһǣû
ȴüʣ˵ʲôأʲôյûյģʲôˣ
㻹װȥԪøʲô⹴ȥԪã¥ŲСĲȷ̨ġҾ˾˼ҵĵ̱ˣЩĻ˵Ǻξģ
ϽڵǵһЦ˵ȥԪã֤𣿡
㣬㣬ȻУƹƶȥˡ
ߡѪˡҿɲǸͱʳɴ󲻾֮ˡҽʱͻˣûȥԪáԪüʱģ
Ͻһ¡
״̫תͰǻүүĻ˵ЩûͷβСŵĲһ¸ŵֵؾ֪ˣʲôóģ
һɣٶʱһʲô¡ٲ졣
ֻǹү㣬ôֺ޺ôݼүԪãǲȥ⣬ѰôСĲǣⲻǸ첲ѲҪС㣬Ȼү⳥ү˵ǲѽ
ü룬Ϲ·Ըܼңȥһ´Сظʱ䡣
 

80 ڳ֤

ܼҸճȥ˿˽ʵ˵ҳ£ôˣƵģ
̫
ٺ̫ͬʱһתתͷ
Ͻһۣߺߵػش𣺡ˡҽ㹴ȥԪãҾ˼ҵʧ˵ܲ𣿡
̫΢ɼһüϹºޱʣ֪Ǽʱʧģ
Ͻһ㶣ɻش𲻳
үȻС⣬ʡСƶһвʵǣرϲҿ˰ξ֪һġ
Ŷƶǣʱ
ʱ̡ʱƶ˯СѵҾͿһɳ©
û뵽ô˵ĸһǡʱܼҽүСʱظġʱĿ̣ȥ佻ӲݣС㻹ԷԸһҰ͡
鷿һ
ͷЩ飬Ͻɫѿ£Ϲ¿˿ڣȥԪüʱģ
ܼҳȥܿ죬ٴλ
ʱǰү˵ƹûᵽСȥԪãֻݹڵش̣Ĵһֱ¥ˡ֮ǰи¹Ԫãһ֪ǸŮ˵ģܿ͸һ˴Ӳˡųȥү׷
˵Ͻˡ
Щүߵġƹ񲻸ҹү£Ҫ¥¥ˣûһ̾ˡ
޴⣬Ͻˡ
״̫һɨ٣СʱͻˣүʱǰȥԪã˵ʲô֪ӵĻ뻰үҾö۵ֲȥʴ󽫾Ҫ⳥ѰϴСˡôֶǸ޺ô
һת̫Ҳ˵үҾ׮ֱӱˣ󽫾ҴҵЩǮõó
ŮһһͣûΪʲôǰʱ˸첻֪˵ʲôźá
ƳһĸܻѣҪƷõʧŮŮûǮǮǵ˵ףֻӵȥҡܼңж֪ġǿһ䡣
˭˵ǼҪⲹģ
ץסǽһЦȻܰƽΪҪ鷳棿¹رºͻ壬ʲźء
㡭
Ц̫ɿ磺ү»ٹܡүԸɡ
 

81 û

磬Ϲ°ڰֹ˵ĳ£˼һ¾˵Ȼʧ֣Ҳûӡȥ󽫾ڼкЩʱգ跨Ȳϡȷͷȥݼڻе·ǰæøݶܿ׬ġ
үǡ
ˣ´ע򡣸ϽȥŪã𾪶˾׸Һûջլ̣Ҫѹѹס
죬ٶ˰ȴ޴ӣֻƵظˡһģӹһ˿Ц
⣬ȵĽ¡õĻû
磬ֻǼǮϡݼǷǵ飬ֻҪüݶܿ׬ġɫѿһֻú԰ο
˵ɡؽҶڲ򣬶ڴյѽ̾һ£¡Ϲ²صû磬ֻűϵùƵȥˡ
߾˾ˣϽ߻ʣ˵Ǹ¡ô죿
һۣû˼üŪ۵𣿼Ҫ죬Ҳлᡣ˵ˣձ˼գǼҵĵ̣ʱô˵ѵֱ˵СѾͷȥ
ӣǸɵϡѾǷǼ飬ﲹӦõġ˵ҪѹһˣٴСѾͷ١ţڶӶ߽
˼ǣ
θڣ
Ѱ˼ΣϽȻ˵ͷ
ĸȡ棬̫һߡ
վסЦնл˵˾乫
ת̫˵С㣬ʵ˲Ϊǣ鷳ݼҡĻôһ˵ֻ¶ߥү㵱͸ݼүȡô󽫾Ҫ
΢ãô˵ģ
ү֤үܸȤֻҪү߶ɿΣͻŵġνͶãүº꣬Щʵĵá
Ĭһ£̫˵󽫾ñأٽ׸ߣ󡣼ȻûϣΪүܽݼҲǲģϾ󽫾ֻһӡСѩĶ̰ǡ˹˼ûνĸ֮ڻϣѡȡδЩöΪá
޵ذʾţĻֻһȡȨλĳ롣ܴãǾﾡá
ö֮ⷬʶ˸ɵʣ֪Ϊΰң
̫һЦֻΪƶ·̫Ů誷ꡣ
̫ˣվԭس
ٴλǰӻظȳ޵׮׮ͻȻͷ䵽˽š

ȡã
һ̵̣ǰһҵɡ
˺ĵضԴΪĸӵƺͲԣΪΪȡǿΪ֧֣ɴﾡãѡ
иˣı
񣬳ĬһŵѣС㣬˵мֵҪİ
عǿ˿̷ġνĻǳƵҲܺһ󽫾ûˣͲᶯͷˡ
ûã
ǰݼҺպɼùҲܶࡣȵƲָֻйĶáνĸƾӹһûжӵӣԵʲôã
Ǽߣź䡣
ȥѾˡΪˣ׸
佻Ӱ²سԶһСȵؿš
㣬Եôࣿ
Ե٣ԾҳԵöࡣشһ䣬Ӱתͷͼ߽
ôˣɫá
ʲŵ˼Ƭ̲ʣû
ûҿүҴȥˡ
壬ȥһүô˵ģʧ˶١
һ˳ȥ
˼Ƭ̣˵ãͷһϵĶͷϢ͸ǣ١跨͸¶߷
룿
ǳû١⼸ҵݼҰģѸȴͬǼʡǸûᡣǰѸ׽̵˵Ļһ飬ǣݼΪǷҵ飬ﲹõݶ
գۣӰͷ
Ӱҹɫȥʱڸ
һŮƵתȥ˼֮ǰʵڸĶ׼ȥ
ҡ

磬ˡƬ̣ƣǸôӽȥģ
 

82 Ȼթ

ŭһ²˵¡˵ĺƹ˵Ļһ£үȴ˵ΪϼС¥Ÿȥǲ˲ʹʱǰ󸽽˵ļţ˵ȷʵһͣڸиŮӽԪãǸŮӲϼС㡣
ü
δʱϼСţ鸮˵ʱͻظˣͣڸǣǷ붨ǶСƲðϼСмүү̨䣬ȫ˲ֵġ
£üĿΪΣ
ԸңұŰүȥΪҵĶͷɵġ⼸˻ʲӴѵ׬ʵ˿϶ܶࡣ
ߵƬ̣ʣϽŵĻΪβţ
үԸȥ½Ҷ

ǵġү½ҶΪǰʯưѲʵһϸ˵һ顣
ϵûĿ˼ã¡ͨ񸮸ޡ跨ǼңϢˡٰ˰ѽյϸһ顣
ǡ
Ƹˣ˼ܾ͸Σȴץסͷ
ͬһʱ̣Ӧ޳յһš꣬˼βȥɡ
ҵĻﶼˣʧʮ𣿡
ԡЩȫΪ׼ĹͨݸޣԸԼǮȲϹٴӻüķݶʧ
Ԫõı飬İûᡣ図ҵĹ嵥
ճԳʱҵĶͷǶ֪Ԫɺʧĳ̶ȣϲ֮㡣
ྩﰵ𣬷Ӱص佻Ϣ
ԪʧȷʵڵĿӡ
;ǾıŴִңҪٵĿɽҪµӵΪ췢ѵĻᡣ
ȰԼںһһģһظȻ󣬷Ӱ͸¶Ϣ̼ıģ½ҶȥϽŵĻٳ
ʱ³ţԼƵظӰȴŵڶװȥԪáӣҵԶԶűӰΪӰǡ
ӰԪãȴӲ뿪ٴӴƻ¥ݣ¶Ӱ¥ţ԰ŵ̨ȼϣַһѻ𣬾ͰԪճ˰׵ء
ǰ˸붨ûκ⡣ǸèûиУҲ֪ݻҾͱضҧƿ
ⳡ»ֻǿʼ
һ¡õ񸮸ʮյ顣Ҳ磬ƺע⣬˿æԸŲ
գ»ǵĻ¡ԾβʣôǮ
ܹ˵ǿԣǡļ۸񡣡
¡һòŷԸʣܱ߸ǡ
ͬʱ図ص߷
ӣѾջ嵥ܱʮ֮г̵Ļȫ¡ʣ˭ȥǢأ
ʦ֣ĵãȥɡû㣬ȽϷ㡣
ιһֻɫӣķ룬Цϲۡô
Ц˼ɶ˼䡣
ҵĹǼգȣֻεػ
ûУˣ
ǵġүֻǸ֪Ӻδðлǲ̸һ£跨ѹѹۣ
ϽɵʱѾգ¡˼ãҧͷ
һպļǵ¡ӣŸк˴ķǡ
۶̧Ʒһյ裬ķǲ˹˵Уүļ۸̫ͣʵġ
㣬ҪǮ
һָֻҡҡ
ҧģһ˰ɣ
ҡͷ
ǣǼ
ҡͷ
㣬αҪۣһ꣬Щֻ۵ġ
Ц˼ķ赭дػش𣺡еǮںѵ룬ǼҲⱾүҪҪν

Ҫʮ䱦ûУԿһ¡ļ۸Щﶼ㡣
ˣ㣬㡭ģǶթǹȻթ¡һڵվָȴ˵
ķеɵ˻
һһ׵˺һ¡󣺡㣬ܱܲ˵㣿ûôǮš
бһۣķתתƱʣˣ˵ûǮô죿
̵˳ԳЦ漴۲һתûð졣ӱǺȾưɡ
 

83 Ͱѱ

ȵķ湻ˣ׼뿪ӣʱע⵽¡Ÿվš
үô⣿Ҳȥǲһ£˷ˡŵҡȣλƵˡ
ıӰ¡˺ܾòżһ仰УУҸ룬˰ɣ
ֹҡͷ̾˿Ҹıˣı
㣬̫ˣǰ˶թң¡
ֻһ仰ıٹһվ屶үԼ˼ɡ
ķǾҪʧȺˣ¡ڳɫҰܵץס䣬Ҹıı
ɫس䣬ķǵǮûʮƽһֶ١
һռ䣬Ҳִٱ˾һׯ԰ׯӣͿеǮǿʮƽ𡣶ͷǹ۲ţ޲ֻǰһգ¡ɫ˺ֱܾ󽫾
Ļʣթ㣿ʲôˣ
˲֪ͷᣬʮ߰͡󽫾˲һ´˵ĲƻԸ⹩һ󽫾
һ£ס
ͬʱѣʦ֣սҪ˼
ʲô˼
ɱ˶ơ
ķЦ˵ô죿
ôװ͸ǰѱǾԸҪһڣõڹ
תá
һպ󣬻ȫ˳˻أ¡˿ܿ߷ȥƽʮƷ
¡ߺͥԺվƬ̲󣺡޳ȥˣΣ
Ͻŵ˹ȻٽɱСɽɱʮһһڣǿڹ
꣬ɹЦǲƲģʮ̲סˣݼұȽ
Ӧ޳Ʋ˵ϽŵҲûʲôöֻе˼
ӹϸƬ̣ĥһ¾񸮰ѻߣ˰Ѽȥ׸˵ʧ˹Ϊ˴׶ٰϢɢȥϽŵĻھͲˡ
ȥ֤
Ц˿ûҪģȥ°ɡ⻷˼ǲϽרõİ
޵һգڼǰ˳أ¡һֱŵˡյϢҲĲ٣ŵѾߣϺ޺޵α
û֤ݣҲΪǳŪʱתȥͶ˻˼
ճʱһҵĹļǵؽ鸮һپ͹̣ү׸ץȥˡ˵үΪ˴빱ɱˡ˷˵һøү˵˵
ɱˣڵվֹסضɷѾ߻æס̣̣
һᣬ˻꣬һϣĿǿƬ̲ŷԸȻȥɩȥ׸ô£һү跨
˿ͷȥˣǿѹסĻţԸүңȥү
ʱϽҴҸݸ
ݸƵڻ԰ϽĻԾβʣɱˣ˾ǲɵ
磬ҾˡҾΪ˲Щﻨʮƽ𡣼ֱǶթȻթҾ˲ɱ˵ģ϶
ôǼӴ󣬵Ҿ˵˵ûϽ
˼һ£Ըȥơ
֪¡Ϊɱ˱ץƴһü˵Ϲȱ𼱣ְȥһ˵
ܿ죬ݸĻȻȥֱ⡣
ϽȥݸʱȽŷɿػص佻
С㣬˵ҵľүץ˾׸ɱ˶
üһϸ˼䣬ʱЦû֦ҡ
Цһᣬһ¾ͷԸ壬ȥһ˺ү˸׸һݾٱ˵ݻջٹΪ¸񸮿ޣּ߼ȴɱ˶ơ¡ֻ򡣡
һʱܾľٱȥ塣
壬Ҳ鵽Ԫõʧȷʵйϵ֮ϢˣȴʮյĿޡǰЩҵĹڳĴ޻Աٻٵıضǹɡ
¡Ϊɱˣ
ǰͼ۱ھһׯ԰ׯӣ¥Ѻƽ汦ǻѪġ̫˼֡¡Ӧòỿʿ
Ƭ̣Զףûп֤Ϊ΢оٱԴ

ϵùչҪ׷ġңһյĴȫǽ֪
תܾԸѴƱ
 

84 

׸Ĳֱʱƽ鷿
Ȳѣɱ˶˾ٱôᴫȥģ
󽫾²²Ǹ̷ҧһڡϽŵûл׷ǵ٣ѰСɽٵʧȥټ
һʣʲô˱İ˭֤
ֻһݿڹһѪ£ûп֤¾¿϶ǲʵݣһ־ͻͣġ룬䣺ѾѶϽţǺܿ׷µġΡϡ
Ƭ̣üҵĶͷ򵥡ϽŵˣڰһҪʲôھǡ
ǡ
Ʒתܼҷɱ롣
󽫾׸үȥʻ
ʲô
˵ү޹ݻкΰҪүǰȥ´ʡ
ٴһһ룬ʱ𣬳İСǹ
׸Ĳ۳˱Ÿ֪ܾɴڽǰǵĽкΧ߲٣һʱ۷׷ס
ʱ֣̫Ϣ
Ϲһصپȥ֪¡ץϹ³һ֪û֤Ϳֲ⣬ֻøʸڷϣЩӾûˡ
ĥŸ׵̬ȣˡ
С㣬ˡ׸Ĳڽǰء
֪־磬ǳ˼ܾò˵󽫾ǰ裬ѳˡҲգȿϷ
ǡүҲ˵Сţװʲô֪ġ
׸ĲڽգྩѾ۷ȻȴڳǿӲ̬Ȳǡţܾת˼ͷԸǲȥ֣ÿһŴƱȻǰ
֪׸ˣЦԸᡣйţ޲˼ƺæŹ꣬˳
ֻʮˡһգ̩ܲ鷿ܵһשСԺڵ
£ܲ˵˵ƽʵһ԰˱ֻֻԵúġ
ƽġ

½ҪĿҪȥ̫밲Ҫ䱦
Ŷ
µĹһǲֽһ̵ƣһֻϽ̨˵鷿˸ʲô϶͸һ
ɵؿйأ
йϵҲûϵ֮Ϸ΢΢һЦ
ܲɻͷԸ׼õȥֺ常͸ʵ񡣡
գܲĽ˹
£Щ½һͤӣɽ֮Ǹ磬ʵ벻ֻҹģɰ˵ëɫΪģܻһġܲǿһ䡣
ֻεģʵ۵˳飬תת˼ЦߵˡΪЩ꾭ӪеǮء
ܺġ¸ĺһǮɡ
һڴʵĥһ¾͵ͷðɡǰ㣬ǮûٸҲǻˡ
ʡܲﻬһ˿䣬ȥЦߵл¡ʵΪྩǵĺöܼܶ࣬ϲ
Żʵ۸Ǯ̫ܲȥ밲ˡʱһյ½̵ơ
ܲ뿪ֺصͽ˻ʹһѣʵһյʵۿʮ⣬Ըȥ̫У͸һֻġ
ÿ¾ɸ֮ʶҪʵ񣬱ʾТ
ʵ۵ʹͺܿ촫УҲ֪ˡ»ʵǻã˹ǹ֮Ů޺˻ϧĻòûסʵ۵ĽŲһó衣
Էã޵ĹŮ˵һ߱θʺ󣿡
ǵġȥ˻ʺʺͻݣ¾ȥţʲʹһֻġ˵̩ͽģֻֻ
û˺һ˵ʺǶ̫˴ӣֻ¼ȥ硭ܿգó衭
˼䣬תԸ˳һνܱ߱β̫ࡣ
һڼܿ鸮
˵ϴεκܺÿʡպգһرʵ
һ㶣΢šüǻ˸Цáܿȥ
ڼ࣬·ơ
ƽʱ׼νģһ뵽οˣ绹ЩꡣŮǴԸ
 

85 ĳ

֪ĸҪȥ߷ɣæؽﰫǰŵ˴롣
Ѱһ᲻ɣ̲סʣôôࣿ빫ӽ𣿡
ӽˡЩܺã˺ܶࡣ֪˿٣ƹЦ֪ҪôΣԼã
ЩЩٻæ˵֮ǰһ߱Σ
ǵġ
ûиԶΣ
ĥһ£ƹЦ𣺡һ֦ҡѩչ칤ǽ׸ġ˿Ҫһ
΢ͣ٣˵۸񰺹󡭡
ٴڹŮҧ˺ģȿ
ҧһǧƽǶԲҡתһĲɣüתתͷʣƹģ̵룿
ǵġ
֪빫ӳδҲǾ̵ģ
ˣǹӳݣϴ˹磬Ҳûַܸ֡ɣⷬҵǿԼģʲôģ
ǵû뵽Цһ£Ů˸
صٷԸ˰Ѳҡͽ˵¶ʲҲˣɳƽһ޼޹鸮СȻҪ޸ԹĹӣ㡣
һ㶣츴ʲôǵͷ֪ˡ
ûŮ޾ɣٷԸҦ֣˻ȥɩӣҸͼաôЩֲʵݣүݸͿԷųˡ
ҦȥʱǸջظߵ佻󸽽һģӭ
С㣬ū澸͸š
İüʣĸԺӵģ
ūҵģڸŻݵֲ
Ŷǲţ־ģȴ꣬ǵˡԼӵ佻ɡ
һ㶣ҵĸæͷ
ص佻ְǷſһ飬֮һ档ķ˳ţаʧϽĴͨĻ˵һ飬㽫³ҡ
ҹӰǾʣ֪ʲô𣿡
⡣Ӱݳһֽд֣עδϸ
ôࣿ
ߣٺڳѹƣǿȢǿŮʮЩŮ˴³ҡֱԶŲٺг˳˲飬Ǹ
ȵؽӹֽϸĿͣһϡ
˭
ıܡӣỨˣ˵úءĸؽ״ûԶԾˡ
ٴοһǸЦӰ跨Ϣλ˵ԪãΪ˲⳥Ͱ¡ɱ˶֪ʵȴӣ¸񸮿ޣ˽´Ӧүڻ١
΢ӰһȷϵǸ˸ûģô˵ܻᳶġ
֪ЩҵҵĺܶǮƹȥһ£δزӻǵġ
á
Ӱʧҹɫߵǰź硣
ѹʧĸӰѡߣ̫Ǹء
ߣǴҪչ¸ȻԿ׸Įӷͣʵۻ᲻νȵܱȥ㻹ݼֵý
س˼ãǻصдһţԸȥ
ڶգ½ҶĥΣθȥ
ػգѩ԰ﺮ÷ʢšɢ󣬻ʵ۴ȥ÷
÷ɢƬ̣Ц˵£ճ檵Ĺùý˵ֵ÷зݴ󽫾׸Ƶģֵ첱Ӵ֡
ȣʵЦʣʲô
ݴ󽫾Ķǰ˹үϵãʹӦæʧʰϹڻ١ֳɺôֵò֨
֪Щ£ʵ۸Ӿȣչʱ
˵һǰɣĳҲֻ֪˵պ񸮸˿ޣءݹԭǴӦһﲹģ˭֪᲻ûǮͰɱˣ˾ֵ˾׸۷׷ס
Ķ˹ɱ˶
ǵģҪʾ׸ݴ󽫾þ׸ʻƱ͵Ҳϳš
Ϲʲôϵ
˵Ԫ˵Ĳҵֵǣô¨ӣȴƺʲô֪Żʵü֣һ䡣
 

86 Ʒ

ź󣬻ʵۻص鷿ƷŲ裬˵Ĵţةκһۡ
£ʷ̨ϵĵ˵ݴ󽫾ĶΪ󽫾ȴӡ
һʵ۴򿪿꣬üʣչΪ
֪ȷʵˣǲԿ嶡ֵǣǰӾ׸Ĳڴ󽫾ǰ£ֵüɹھģûʡ
κһۣʵ۷Ըȥ񸮣Զ
Զʱ񸮵ĳʱѾǰֻ¼ԪӳٽɹʮĿޣѰڽ㲻ͽ䡣
񸮵ʵ۾ʣ˵Ķ˹ʲôɱ˶ڳֵ÷з
»ԶݻٻԪãоٱ¡ɱ˶ɱˣ׸Ʊʻȴܾȵһ
ԪϹµĲҵ
ֻ֪¡ľ֣鸮ĵ̡ĳӸݹӹϵܺãһˣϹڻְƺݹӾټġ
ĶǼƷ٣
Ʒ
һʵ۲˵ʣᰮ䣬ž⣬ﱻ㲻֪Ҳֳ֪ɱ䴫÷зôģ
£ǳǴ󽫾ӡѾ¡ռѶʻǡƱȥ󽫾ȴŲڸܴܲŲӲһƷɣԶԲŲæذơ
İʵ۳㿴㱿ġ׸ܾΰǶƷϴԱҪ룬̲ĶӲǼƷ٣ôͷֲأ
仰Զ԰֣ʧְ֪
״κ˿ʵ۾˵£ϿҲ޷ͦѰġ
ʲôѰġˣ͸׼Ԥ׸참̫ɱȥʵ۰˵ᰮ䣬ܺþǵΰðͰ죬𣿡
ּ
ԶԸˣʵʣة࣬˵ϹµĶΪʲôҪ
ΪΪݴ󽫾ù¡
£üʵĿ¶˼
̺󣬴͵̫ŭӣȴ磬ֻϴڸĲóƱذˡ
ʱƱ鸮ϹѶ¾ɣԸӲҪ˵ӻ־ȥˡ
䣬޲ЦôЦ˰Σžʹܵȥ̩
ܲٴν˹
̫м¡֪
˵ɡ
Ըе̴ӴһֻУ̫ơ˼ƺмֲԡ
̫һ㶣˿յƾʣⲻǰҸյʲô⣿
һպúõģȼֵѺۡо̫ѽƷɣܲһĲţú֣̲ס̫ǲôˣ
ⲻѣ̫Ըùҿ
ܲɿذյ͵̫ǰָŵƸǴ˵ѷ죬رԡԭͨͨ͸һ˿ԵѺۣ͸ڡ
ü̫벻ͨ
˼̫æ˵̫󣬲˾Ĺһ£
Ŷԡȥһµʲô¡
ʱ̫еĹ̫༱ææ鷿
Ļʵ۾ȲѣƷ
ǵġ̫ʹ͸̩һյ̵ƾƷȴʯͷ̫Ը鹬ϵһֻҲƷ
һᣬʵۻعͻȻϵĲֽ˵ȥ顣
һ̺̫ɱ£ǣƷ
ʲôİʵôĵӣ˭˭ɵĺ£üٻŪҡеĹǲƷģһ
ŭ̫һݣһȥˡ
ĺҦֻẉ̂ܽ²ˡǼңǼҵĵ̱⣬ƹȫץˡ
͵شסһʧ𣬽ŸɱˣȻ̱⣬һһֻһͷΣһײϡ
̣̣ˣȥ򣡡
Ｆɹ֮ʣһСѾﵽ佻⣬ֹ˼䡣
֪ҵĵ̱⣬Ц˺һᣬһֻ壬ǸѾͷˣſһӸ
ǡ
ĵȥһ̫ǶҵϢҵʱƲԼΪá
һȥˡվڻϳ˼Σǣһ˿Ц
ŰɡûǮǼҾʲôˡ
 

87 ֤֤

׸ܾԵʮήҵ¡˹˵ү´ùġչﲻǼҵĴξͲòԼͨ˴󽫾õ˿ޣѹúýȥˣƫ㲻ǮƣɱˡЦǣ㾹ȻҰͽĹ͵Ʒĵʵ̫ˣ˹Ŀ࿴ء
Ļ¡˺һͻȻܵģܣһҡˣˣǼҴӲƷģԩԩ
ͽʮƷƷҶɱǺò裬ȫǳĴβ衣´񸮵˳ĺôûв飬ϴ󽫾ͨ˹ﱻջٵ¡޹ʷٻٹң³Ҳӿܲ𣬻л¸Դγáһɱ˵¡˵˵ʵԼɡ
û뵽ôأ¡һӣͻȻ˹ȥǣҡˣҪٱҪٱ߷
ܾü
еĻﶼǴһ֪ģʶʮƷǴ߷ģʱ鿴󡭡ˣһ߷Ʒ졣
ô˵ϻչ¸ˣ
Ҳ˲ðˣ¡״ε˵ǵģһ߷̨˹ǲ뱨ǲұ󽫾ͨ񸮸˿ޣǲ¸ɱ˿϶ǲɵģʮ𲹻ء
ʮǽû֪
˵ͷģôסģ²̰ƲŶ޹ء¡ûźͿɱ˵Ƶһɶ
Ƭ̣԰ɡֵʮ𣬲ȴʮԼ͵ģ󽫾һëΣǼǺü궼׸ˣܾƲ˵ò
ˣôʴ󽫾Ǯأ󽫾˵跨Ƕ뼸ķݶܲһʧ񲻸磬ֻˡ
÷ܣ
Ц¡ԳֻǶǼԼ
ðɣȻѺ
պܾŲ۽߷ǵĵЦƾѲ飬ĩóһ־ݣʮƷļ۸Ͳء
ˣ¡ҡһѡʮƷֻƽʵܿġϾ˵ľ֣ҿԺ󻹿⣬ûмƽϡ˱ĺܶ࣬û˭Ʒġ
ٱ㣬˵ôƲ壿
ƽֺĽǴӵȥģ˻һ߱ΡǰĶ¡һԲҡЩԲ飬Ʒ
תһᣬܾͻȻЦʣ̩Ķů
ǵġ
ɡڶֻ࣬ǮҪ۵թ¡ʮĻǰɣܾĿ¶ζ
ؿ˿תѣǳ͢٣¶Ҫ֤ݵġ
Ƭ̣ܾתͷĹ˾һֻ̨ÿûȥоһ£Ʒ˵
㵣ĥһ´ʣ滻ƷΪβһҵƹ͹£
ٻʵġ
ܾǫ֮̈Ŀʧü˼䣬ķ
˵˰ɣ¡϶ġ
ܾϣݼҵùԡ׷ġת˿ķǣʦӱȥйˣ¡ء
ң𣿡
Ͻŵֻ¿쵽ˣ⡣
Ц˼òһֻڵĳˣ㡣
ӹһķҪĵšһϸɵĿһϡ
˼ܾãתͷԸ図һҵĵϸ
һ׸Ѳھڵֿ̣⣬ԼҴլһֿĽ﷢һֻҵͽƷһģһıһյ̵ơ
ǡʱһгһģƵķƷΪڽţֻ͵ϣʹµĶվͻ⡣ǮƾµǩѺ׷鵽ҵһ£ǹ϶ƹƷɺϣ಻֪ʱֻоżƷʮ
ҲƷ䣬ȴ֤֤ڣԶҲУ̴Žɻ֮빬ʥ
౨ʵʣ¡˵ݻ𣬾ܲ⳥¸񸮣Ĳ顭㲻𣿡
ܲĹڴˡ
ٴοһ飬ʵʣңΪδã
 

88 

ɢ󣬻ʵ۰Ϲ¶ٵ鷿ѵ⣬˹ܺü£Ϊֳ漴ʺ׼˾׸оĻִС
¡¸Ϲ٣Դγãڳֻȥùְ֮һ٣ʮƽꡣɱ˲ʵݣ׷
ʧݻȴ¸ڳԣңȥپһ٣зʮƽ
ϽΪϢӴߣؽΪƷι
漰˰бѵһ٣û׷ܻߵ̫౻ɱ̫౻˾ֻݡ̫Ը˰Զһ̵Ƹ̩ȥʹֻѩɽʾ
ݻ𰸺ƷĴýɿش˳ڵ˻ºš
ɵֻ֪Ӷڻթ޿Ʒ̩״ٵס滻Ʒ֤õģΪ˳ùﱻջٵʱˤһͷ˳ݼҸӳ
ͬʱܾʣ壬ᣬΪְֻ
ֶһ棬ԶԺЦʣѵҪ٣

ҿ¶̵ģϾ˶٣µǻǴ󹦳
ܾĿ΢
ļ磬һְڲˣط󽫾յҺ޲óء֪˳ֻۣҪȵġԶζĽ̵
󣬾׸͵ݸö֮ǿǮĴ
ܻ꣬ڸ¡һԸܼȥضӡ
ʱܼҿү˵үﴦᣬȴأǰֻҪһǧҪһ򡣡
˭˵ģ
ܾ˵ʮȽɲܷˣǰ룬үֻڼˡ
İñˣת˺üȦź޺ѹסŭ𣬴Ｗ֣
ܼҷɱȥˣƣ˭ʹӸƷ£ΪЩƷ²ô¾Ͳֵô󡣡
ǡ
ȥ飬˭ڱǰ˶񣬴ݻ񸮿ޣٵ׸ִ˭߱µģ
ƸˣƢ޼ֶ֣Ҳҵ˲˳ۡ
Ƣʱ¡ķѾ̱ڵϣ׵ÿ¡
ǰΪ˲ϹѾ͸Ǯһׯ԰ׯӣȥĹﲻһǮòҪɷʹĲҲˣǳƲ
˲֪ãž̵̻ػعʣôôأȥȥ鸮ʹ̣үæ
ӵ̱⵽о´׸󰸿ν֮١ֱʱ˻֪ʵԹʴ˰˷˵ķԸܼҸæ鸮ȥ
鸮ĸϹǰӵ۵طƢ
˭ȥݸ˵˵ǵģ㻹йˣ˵ݼҴӦﲹˡţ
ңʱ
סڣغˣҲѵ⣬˵ҹܼҲϣ޷Ϊֳ˼ʧɵĺ£ȥƺʲô֣š
үүҲԣȥģˡƲֻӿѡ
ߣȥٳ¨ӡݳʵڼңﶼ׼ȥֱסһʱԶݸ
Ͻŵŵ˳ˣԥһ²ʣүĲͨһ£
㻹벻밲ˣ
һֻñ˵Ҹ粻Ʒġ
᣿ͽľƷ˭֪Ϊôɩӱ鷳Թʵİӣ˭Ҳ֣
ɥ뿪鷿ٴվ˺һžӰΣǿСѾߡ
ݱؾĻ£÷ʢš̫һ÷֦վ£һֻ
÷úþռЩ꣬÷⣬һ
ǺǡСɡҾͲˡЦţ̫תͿӴǶѽ˵үˣû°ɣ
ͷùû¡
ǣǰȥһʱڣɶҪТ̫˱ͽ
ٲٻͷ
ԼĿ׺ݣЦЦ˿ɲã껹ֳô¡ûǮ
εֻͷҼ²ͷģߣ
òģͱô¨ӣһǨŭڶáʧζɲܡ
һҲĶ죬첽ȥ
ЦޱȵĴ̶
 

89 

ˣ̫ЦһʣС㣬һлᷭ𣿡
ѡ
ɶСڹ˳裬񲻾ܷˣҿ㲻ʲôġ
ǵһЦﲻõģó͵óˡҵ̫߷̣ϺܶΡŮֻȤʱҲʱ˭ĵġٵóŮһǱ³ˡֵ˷˼
ü̫ŵ˵㻹ûظʱһ㣬ү˵˵㣬˶Ǵˣŵ̫ӲȥģƫҪ޸СүܱȵϻʼҵԹʱú֣ѵ빬Ů٣ʵүϣ޽
ĬƬ̣빬ǰԶˣͬ˾Ҳ֧֣ҵôġҲ֪͸Щ⡣
ȥ֪ʱȻ֪ġ
ŮƶԴڸİŮֹʾΪɱУ볯ΪǣƣΪĻҵºպչѫΪŮƶȣŮ볯Ϊ٣һȿŮӲķ糱ֱվãѫ󽥶࣬ٻŮӲ𽥼٣ȴʼմŮΪƶȡ
󹬵Ůǰͬר˾̷ۺ󣬷ںɵö͡¡ݡ¡ھⲻͬھˣŮӱݣɷ޹ءϹֻƷ٣С¡ݣԶͲǸˡ
ѡʺŮʱϹ˵˷ˡ˭ϣڵ֪ѡףھ˾½֧£Ƕײ빬ϹػŮ붫̡֮½ɥǰТûеõ¡Ĵͷ⡣
ɫ֣̫µʲô̾һ˵ϧĸ׹磬˾ҲˣСͲСĽΪӪˡ
Щ±ҲΡҵ鲻ãȥ
Ż佻߻ȥһ·ţ빬ǰʱ⡣
ʣ̵ףȥһֱӻչĸŮĲǸϹ£Ǿ˾½֮ĸ½ѩȻţֹȱԴ棬֪֮½ѩϹµֺȡáΪôĽ½СׯΪ½󽫾鹣ƽơ
˾ˣ
һٴαö־һŽ֮Ѫ˾˲ˣڣ½Ҷڡ
룡
ص佻ѾѾ׸о꣬ǲɵЦһ¡
ҵˣ
ǰڶȹϵϡ
Ѱ˼ãǽȥĳҷӰٴγȥˣǰŪЩ꣬Ц
Ϊͣˣߣ
ʱҵĹܼҼ٣֪ʵ۹ʴ˰Ͱβʣ̣СڹܲСڱǰ˵˵飿
һᣬĿɪҡͷʵͷϣ˭ɩӣ취ѷȫˣȰҸȷͷȥ뷨ӡ
ܼҾɥشͷˡ
ܼҸߣѶˡ
ĸɫɷף¸æסο˵ûӡҵɡҵǶƷԱôҲܻмӵġȱġ
Ů̾һ¼þ˵¶ǼһлᣬֻҪȢһź£޸˼ңܰļˡ

ڹ˱ۣٻҡĿǸ鱦档Ƭ̣ѡһҶĲװãԸҦš
ȵؿ׻ʵĲߣ̲סʣģôû
ҡͷˡ¶ȥһ˼ң
ǡ
ˣٶŶӱƷ˽ѡĵһᣬ͵ֻǣ޺޵СѾͷ϶Ѳϵġðëˣˡţ
У翴ĸĲߣԾѡ
Էǲǳˣôÿ͸̫ТǾ˾˼Ҹ𣿡
ʲŴڼ˵˵үˡž˵ү˼䱦ƷŭԱȥĻʲ
㵣˼Ƭ̲˵ôֳ£ȥһʳʲô¡
ǡվգǶԲҡҪҪװ
ȵȵȡ翴žеԼü
 

90 Ѱ©

գףأʵж͡ûǶԲҡֻһݼ򵥵
ջعѽĺʱ̫µ񡣿ɽ֮һࡣˣ£üʣʹΪνôࣿ
ﲻ֪ǰƷþɳƷĴ£³ʹľ˼ңԸķʹȻ롣

ʺ˵ڱǰ˵ǿűµ飬ֻЩίˡ
ѹס˵ͷ汾лʺչˡ
ò£̫ˡ綢Щ򱡵ʹͣͷ޽ӡ
빬꣬£ܼʵ۵ȣȴ˹ɵĿ࣬թӳˣѧ̺͹۲졣ǡ֪˼ҳ£л˳ʹӣûвִͳǶԲҡ
ƵѰ˼ܾãЩʹͿ˿ŷԸЩͻظȥһҪ׷ʲô£Ҿ˾ôƷأ
ʱѾصҡڣǳƲ̵ܼŸҵＱðͷ
ýŲ¡ķ˽̧ͷһͺץס˾ĵݣ̣ˡ㿴ǿôء
ף׿˶٣
ѽҲ˵ټҵķүεҪ͵û𡭡ҲҪһѽǻ콵ģģϴضذ
Ԫõһʧʮƽ֮ؽټɲ֧㻨ʮֱ׸ʮ򣬻Ҫ¡֮һӾҪ֧֮ǰΪѾһׯ԰ׯӣѺ鱦棬˿ؽδȥôأ
ɩӿ޵һѱһᣬСҲűݣֶֶŮͷɥµûšƬ̲ʹܼңҪöӣ
̣ܹҲýʮؽҪùǮҲٲڵĴ㡣˵ܽ뷣ү͵ꡣ
ͷҧ˵ʵڲоͰѾļӵѺȥһֵܻʮɡģȴҵ˽á
̣ǾĻѽ˹ץסٵ䣬޵øˡ
οɩһ䣬վ˺һתйֶ꣬ؼңʱ跨ݼƽƷİǱԹʣֻлϣûػʲˡֻҪû˾ְʧᲹġ
һ㶣ǡֶסˡ
һҪЩ·ᡣ
ػظˡϣӰջߣ˼
ʱҦٴƽƱ
ҹºڡһģǱסڰУڵ
̽˼ңðӵѺȥƽ𣬷ÿóΣټԼļξܰѷˡ
ԼүԸҪǮº񣬵үȥݻƽƺΪ˻ʲ¡
ڰе˵һֻǮ
߷図£üѺ֮УֵôǮ
ܼңõǮѰɡ
ҡͷɳ˼Ƭ̻ʱá
ͬʱ佻ӰϿһиǡ
ôǮ
˵˽á
¾ȣ˼һ޽⣬˵Ҫˣʱûʲô¡òȥž𣿡
£ȥһϱߵҫݡҪȥʮա
ȥɡϾҪݳˣһοˣճ˿ʱݷҲȲ˵
ǺáӰóһֽЩҵĶͷծǼҪͷϵľծЩûǮ̡
š
ϴʧ󣬶ͷûֵġ
ӹֽţĥһ£ݸʱΪûаգǳֻǿһ󽫾鸮Ǽҵ£νˮЩ©ֻжͷ
ػһգڴ˷𡣻صܼҸߵʧ¡ɫҰܣþ͵³һѪ
ү
˺ü¡ɫһ߷ңһǸɺңҪ
үүӣ
ۣŭģ¡ٴһѪһͷԵ
򣡡
ҳһš
 

91 ҹ

Ҫˣɳܲ
¡ѪʺԲڴ񣬽ֻʱ̵⡣գƹнˮǷţꡣ
Ϊʧȥ鸮ĺȻûˡֻȥүǰǸûϹвãӻ֡ߡһ
״̫ЦɵóһвҶ˵үǴϱĲ裬ʮֶءԣ
Ŷģ
ǴСõģТү
˿ҶİװϹµͷѵõؿŮһ䣺Ƕ¡
ȥ衣ˣҪҪԣ
̫ԣаޣ㬵ˣˡú÷ү
ƵػصݣҦ˽
̣ǰý˻ػ˵Ҿܾ£˵ǼСҪүӮʸס
ٱöˣûֻ˵ˣǲǼùʲôӮӮģǽڣһƷٵֶŮֵ÷ġ鲻ãٸ
ǡ
ͷѰ˼Ƭ̣ǰҷԸȥЩٻ˼ңЩʵкõģ¶£ҹζࡣ
ū澴ˣЩ˼ң
߻Уٶ˶Žӹֽϸһ飬Ѱ˼ξʣһңһңһңΣ
ū澾õһҡƽȻǶƷԹ󲻼ЩһƷԺةƷ޵νݰʹǷ⽮ƹΨһĵӣʮ꣬ոճˣȻֻǸƷ٣ǰ;
ţסǻ᲻¶
żңȻûλͬˡүǶƷԱū澾šġ
˼ܾãٵͷԸҦ׼ͼ̽һ¶ԷԸ
Ϧ֮ҹϸؼҼ档үӸվһվߵүϽ
ڴұϽǵӣվ߲ŶԡٹܼҺ󣬾Գ֮ԼĶվߣӷұߡЩϹ²ŲʣƺûҲ⡣
겻μӼ棬վں濴ŵܵܵλã΢΢üȴû֨ٲ֮వһڣȴҲֵˡ̫һβμӼ棬һĻ̲סһǣЩֹ
ϣĺ
ȵϹλ̫һ߹үұ£һ潿εεкС㣬үôվţѽ
ݺݸ̫һۣٴŶŮɿذү£Ǵŵܵұߡ̫ŮϽԡ˴˿ϯ
ٻ˼ҵŮзˣң檡Ҿûвҵ֣λͨѾԸߡ
Ⱦٱүƣ̫Ͻ̸׾ƣĸӱ·硣
ǸܵƱ²ˡһ˵ҽͶʮһˡͶû޳ȥûʲôϣ޸˼ҵģڼ˷ʳ
˵ʲôĻδ䣬Ͻһɣһ
ѽң㣬ءһܵһơ
סܵʾǲؾٱ׾ƲŻش𣺡ùʮˣ͡Ҿá깬ҪѡŮ㲻ýɡǽûܱ˴Ӧį
һ㶡
ȴˣһү̵طС⻰˵òˡڹö˶˵̺£бҪ¶빬֪Ǽʣü޵ñáǴأڹеǻֺýϣƫǸۣӲҪϽҵķ
ЦһҲҪʵúãóӶԸʲôأ˵Ҿү˲ܱ˹٣Ҳûðסµ֮ŭ
ҾĿ԰ͽû׼һˣܵĹְͻˡǹתԸ׽顣
˵ҽôóˣع¸¿ӣС
Сӣġó裬Ϊûӣ
⡭
ս̫һүԲ˵С㣬С㣬ǽñˡҹеʱ䣬һᡣ
ʲô£
סڣºǳ̫Ϲڷˣһû꣬Свͳ죬úóԷ
磬¹һݺݵŽ㡣
еؼһƬܵܣʡ
 

92 

һٷԵò룬ڳƵ³ˡ
ÿŮǶƵĻɣϹԼѶŮȫߡүˣŮɫҲµֺϹºøЩ
ûл佻󣬶Ǵŵܵܵ԰ɢ࣬Ͻ̵˻Ȭ˲ȫָд
԰һͤǷԸͤŲ˵̶ȥڸǽ㲻ԡ㲻öġ˲ٿɣ
һ£Ͻ̧ͷ˿㣬ûҾȥǡȥ¶£ûȥ
½˵Ĺϵɫͬһ˶򣬲ϡǳ㣬½ҶжϽ̽磬Ǳ硣
ܵô˵ǲɵóĬһ£Ƭ̲Ŷٸһ˵ЩֻҲҪᣬЩ˵ģƾȥ
ûشϽ̹һͻȻʣ㣬ˤΪ簵㣿
û뵽ôʣǾؿ˵ܵһۣ˭˵ʲô
ҡͷǰͦõģһҸȥֻϲȥЩ߰ĻȴͻȻȥԡҵʱֵġ˳ûһᣬͻȻ˿ܣҲˤȥġ֪ôáֲɵϡϽԽ˵Խݺݴһʯ
һµܵܵͷݸǵӣĸֻȡ֮ΪС㣬ȻԼҪûҪͲҪѧɣҪȵġ
һϽ̵ͷһᣬͷ
һȬˣʱȥԺ顣ȥԺסһ»վͺãñܿЩǹ
Ժͬ𣿡
ͬġͣһ£ǲ˵꣬ھԺʫĻʶҲھԺ飬ȡ˹
ýɫм֣Ͻɻһ´ûʡ
ҹԽˣص¸ů¯һ꣬˵űľ
һߣСعһãڸĽһûһһǡˡǮ˷ʳʯ
һᣬͻȻʣ磬ôûЩƦåʲôİ˽ѵһ٣
ѵ
԰ܻԳȥɣʱ˰ץߣôһ֣ǾͿԸ˵˵磬Ǵ󽫾ʱæĹλܻˡ
˿ãϽĥž˵ڳ
ôˣֻҪû˿ģʲôһת˵˾˼ʧ¿϶˸ɵģ˭֪ôŪɵģڼҾǻ㿴̫ǸӣҪû꾫ôţ˾˼һοˣ˾˻ˣֻҪ˵˵û׼ܰɵġҪϼƺϼƣ
üϽ˼ãס
⶯ˣüɫ˸ƨ
ʱˣ߷ʮ֡
ٺķǵİ½߷ȻȻ֮䱻̵޹ߣշؽͨؽڰһػصؾȳԶҴɲߵŹ𽥱££Ϊ˷ѩԩһŬ
꣬ɳıѶѴټͼı£Ϧ֮ҹ;ۼһꡣ
ٺ٣··ˡ
̫ˣԡӦ޳һȥ˺һֻȡ
޳ӣϽ¡ֻõӵġ
Цֹ壬޳԰ɡԵ࣬һϻûԹ
˸Ӧ޳ȣһкˣǳǵģҴԵ٣
һΧſá
һιӣķҡͷԵʣɣôƲ֣ˣģᰤġ
һۣʦ֣ܱܲ˵
ٺ٣Ҹ㡭Ԫʧ϶øɵģ֮˸ܾ;ٱͱ½Ҷȥθľ˵ŹֵǡȻʵԪõ£ȻǸɵģ۾ǣйڵľãϣҵùҲ
ͲµЩ룬Цŷʣ㼵ѽ
üʡϴ𣿼û֤ݣ϶ᱨġ
ߡҵҪõġ
δķ͵תͷͬʱڵվһֻӡ
ॣ
ƻ
죬ꡣ
 

93 

ŵͳĲҽУ߰˵ӰͬʧҹĻֹ׷ϣɷԸӦ޳鿴ߵ״ԼһϸԺеĺۼٿ˿µʬ壬Ŀ
ʱķǻˡ
Ǳʮˣаĸ֣Щءһ۵ϵѪǾۼںԺڻ԰ǻῴǵҪ߷
߷ĽԺӣȴĻؽָ֮غһصĻ԰ܵשСԺ̩ͨ鷿
ԣɳ˼Ƭ̣ǻڣϽŵˣ
ķףѡʱǡã׼ǿܻиǸǱʹ˻أǵ̸ûȥ·ʬƬ̣ʬûʲô⼸ʬ׼ôã
ʦ־áҹֻ̽Ϊǵʵ
üܵϢˣҲпܵ㱨
ߣ
ν֮λ޴ǣһƷڳϻġ
ΣӣҲģˡǾְɡʦ֣µȾ׸ˣ㿴źδ
ķʧҹɫɲŷԸ޳һ⼸طٰʬ嶪£һЩѪ
̺󣬾׵ҹɫкơ
ʮڳҴܣŭ˷ĶɷԸ図׸˴١
һҹð׸ڳ׷ˣΧ˱ɱȥ͵٣ۡܵţƽ̩
峿ʱ֣ܾ߷
ϵĺۼƬϵ𣬵µĹκۺӡܾºɣ٣ôǴܵģ
ʱ𣬻ͳȥֻ˴Ժǽ¡ǺԺ£ˡ
ǽ͵԰ɣ
Ժˡ˻ûͲǡǶöصڡ
¿һᣬڵɣû֣
֪ôǺ⣬ɲɫػش𣺡ˣϲܡ
ЦһϲܣҾ൱ܴ򣬻ù¡
Է°ۣˣǽ·ƽ
˵㲻ˣҲáȻһ˾׸齲һ顣ģ˺ùпһ£ܾתˡ˶ٽŲɸں档
߽׸ʱྩһ۵լһˣɫǰˡ
ʮ˳ȥֻ߷ô
߷ԺлأΪȵزűġ֮󾪶˾׸в֪·׺ǣʧء
ҹ̽ľһ飬еʣΣ
ȥǼԴƽ֡
Ƭ̣Ҫ
ʱĸ뿪լӣʧڳǶ򡣲Զһ˫۾š
ʱ֣ѻָƽ֯ƺװݹ꣬Ǵŵܵȥºһ˻ϲϲԹ緹Ե÷⣬½Ҷŵܵȥ԰ɢ߽԰ݴܳһֻӡ
ۼֿһץסϽ̹ЦȻӡ̫Ұá磬ģ
ǻѩãիġ
ի
棬½Ҷҡͷ˵͵ģұýȥϣƫҪø֣ͷˡҲտͶڻ԰ˣвݳԡ
ûȤϽתת飬磬իǲǺֵǮ
Ŷ
Ȼϲǰ˰ɡҿȥԺ飬Ǹطһһǧٲ˵ġˣֻҪһǧٹһѧˡ
ϸϸһ룬½Ҷ͵һ֣⣬ôû뵽㲻ܸ߽㡣
֪ϲӣ϶Ӧġ룬һпԼ
һᣬ½ҶһĶͷӿ϶ȥ
ֵܿ߻ػǸհ÷װá
Ҷǻá߰ɣȥ߷
һ飬½ҶʣΪʲô
ϴ빫ΪǱץ׸ûдлġʱڳ÷áȨл񡣡
ƫģ
½ҶɿһԵóԡ㣬ˣҳ԰ɡ
׼ԣһۣǶ˵֪ԡԡ̶ˡ
˸ɫ磬ϽЦʳС
Ŀͽ߳ȥ½Ҷɫһֻӡ
һ뿪ǡһɫӰߵһȥƤͷ͸ں档
 

94 ÷

߷ķ˵ڳϡɱ׸ΧɱҸں˳ɱʮ˻ȥǸԺٻʮˡǶһСլԺа˸ˣǸĻ
ĬĬͷɻûʣ߽ӣϹˣ½ҶϼСүϹһֻʳи㡣
΢ɶ˶ٲ˵ҳȥ
ˣķҡͷЦӦ޳ȴˣüһŮˡ־ᣬһǸŮ˾Ͷҡ
ȥ
ǿ϶ġӦ޳־ظȥˡ
Сƫֻ½Ҷվڻǰһһֻʳзϣȴڡ
֣½ҶŲתͷӹһ˿׽빫ӣҽŰȥ䱦ˡʳøģ˵лϴڽϰǴܡ
һڲסĺЦתЦЦ½ôȥǶԻۣ
ǶԻȷʵܺá꣬빫Ӱѻ͸Ұɡʣ½ҶҪ
Сһѧôˣ
ɲɫػش𣺡̩º½ӣ϶͸ġ
Ȼ½ҶƲ죬תӣ߷ר챦ֻҲ䣬ô
㵣ɵͷ˿ӣӣ
իĻѩã൱ֵǮġɿشӣ½Ҷקܾġ
صȣЩЦá
½Ҷһתƻҽϲӣ˼ȥ㣬͸
⻰ɲһۣתת˼ͻȻʣ͸ģ
԰ǡ֪ʧԣ½ҶĿڣǾ͵ġ
ɫ仯˸ɰЦ˵Ҳ򡣡
סû˵꣬Ų죬ͬʱʣô⣿
½Ҷһͷһ֪ʱǻˣң壬ϽվűߣһΡ
ãϽŽȥ䱦½Ҷӣ׾סǡ˭ҲǸԾģܵüȥġ߳ȥһ͵ͷ۷ǡ˸ң塣
ŮӾɫһɨ½Ҷסֽ֣ӹӣһë½ӰӴҿ˵ֻѩʮϡ档
½Ҷæ壬ûø۽硣
ԭ빫ҲϲӡѩྩֻмֻÿһֻëɫЩġңپϲЦŲһ䡣
ȴ˶ߣݺݵ˵ܵһۣݸ빫Ҳϡɡң͸Ҷģϲˡ
һңϲ½Ҷȴ죬޴⡣ɲЦȴرס˳ưӻ½Ҷ½Ӻúɡɾӡֻӣٻƽġ
ԣ½Ҷֹһ䣬ǰӽӹݸϽ̣̣տ
ŵܵܽӹӣǲſ΢Цðˡѩ÷úãЩ÷⣬빫ӸûԹģø㳢ϴζæȨǴлɡ
÷⡱ӹһ˿ʶҲ³һ÷͸Լʱǣǽյ½Ҷңͣļ򵥺ʹ⡣
һʣͳˡ˭õأ
Ĭһ˲ЦЦˡȷʵûԹл
ʳУǵһӱƺڴƺˡĪİ궼˵Ŀⶼʳϡ
õ÷ذڵУһʢĺ÷մ֦ͷժ£ɢŵϢƺűѩ΢УĽɫȾھƬƺصĻϣĶˡ
һμ͵Ļ⣬ң岻ɵõɴĿ
ŵʢŵĻɲɵЦһ£ʹһĨᡣ
ĻԽˡǵõһγԵʱ÷ֻɫֻƬ
Ƭ̣ɾֻӣһͻأشףʲô
ڵ˶һ㶣ɵ̧ȥ
Ӧ޳˵ľɫԹֻһûܺóԡ
һ黨⣬һڳԵһ롣ڵĸо壬ζҷ紽ݡ
óԡ
һ䣬Ӧ޳һڰѸ꣬Ծ׼ٳԣһաһһ
ңסֻӣתͷЦ빫ӣǽԵģ㳢
 

95 

û뵽ңô˵ɲɵһ㶡
ޢŮ˼ɾ䣬ɲٶۡȥң忴ǵģĪЩжӦ޳֣ʱͬǣҲͳֶӣ԰æ
϶ܺóԣһɡ˵ңżˡ
ɽӹӣӦ޳ˣֹҪᣬһŭûòҵĵʲô
ҽûԡ½ҶڻعһƵסӦ޳֡
٣ҰǰɡӦ޳ʹҲ磬һ˳Ʒץ½Ҷ
գۼ䣬ѾС
ǶƵģɰΣӹֻӸ£ֿӦ޳ֱۣһһƣӦ޳㱻ק
磬Ϊΰˣ˦Ӧ޳ʡ
˵ʲôأʲôˣ½Ҷһɡ
ߣˣѵˣ༥Ӧ޳һƵ½Ҷ߷Ұĵطа빴Ҵ磬ȹһء
סڣ˵ʲôüëһ£ɺǳסܵܣѵ㣬ȥ԰ɡճԵڣûԱ
ݺݵһۣӦ޳ؽӹҫ˰ɣҴҵġ
׼Ϲ˵ĴȥҲûԹøһ顣
٣áжԡӦ޳˳ʳˡ
㡭
ãӦϲȥ԰ɣһġ֪Ӧ޳Լе⣬ǰ̾ȰҪ򱧲ƽң壬ȴڲסеʧ
˿ʧ½Ҷ׺ݵصһɡ߰̾һת˵޳һ֣Ǻóԣ˵˵ģﲻҪ⡣
Щ䣬ǿЦһ£Ҫġ
ĿЩĪѹĬƬ˵⼸հٻ԰Ľ÷ˡպ󣬳ֺҪ뽻õĸ÷£һͬɡ
һ㶣̶ӹһ˿ϲţǡ
ӶڳδʱǸҲõϾڰٻ԰ǰ򡣡΢΢һЦ
ǲԾϲǺá
½ӺҲһɡٻ԰÷ھʮֶصġ
Щչңûɵĸһ½Ҷ󷽷صͷǺðл빫ˡһûȥٻ԰÷ġ
߷ʲô½ĺö½Ҷȥɡٴοһǣңת˵
鱦ûУм½ӣ㲻ȥۣ
ͺýˣ½Ҷ̲סҡͷ뻹ûɷ羰ð빫Ӹҽһ°ɡ
ͷˣϽڲ࿴һĻ̲ס࿴˼ɣһ̸ϸ硣
ĿңҲˣɿǣͽ˵Ϲ޳ʮ길ĸ˾˲ңЩƫ㲻Ҫ
һ㶣æʣ⣿
˶٣⡣
΢뵽ʲôͷһĬһ˲͵ͷ˵ġֻû뵽Ӧľ
һһҹŻصңϡ˵ȥĬȻһ̲̾סʱǸִ֣ɱꡣû˱Ӧ޳ĸܣǡͬܣذӦ޳ĺִֺ֡
û˵˲Żǰߣƺ£ƺֻŴ˿顣
ǰ΢סŲ˵Ϲ˵ǸЩǷǣ
Ŷ԰
ƺǼҺͶƽڼ߶һ
ƽ
ǵġ˵ұ˻ʲ棬лûء

˵䣬߽ǰһ½ҶվǶԻǰ̲סЦʣ½ӣ⻤һƤġ㿴ó𣿡
бһۣ½Ҷش𣺡֪
Իһ޵ıһƬƤȫƵģԻȻһ壬ûκνӷ졣޷ˣ⻤۵ķͱѰǿʮ
ˣңܸȤʣǮأ
һǧƽ𡣡
½Ҷʶؾ̾һ»۵İңȴʣҿùܼһƱ𣿡
һ½Ҷ΢ЦԡȻԸƹѻȡ½ң塣
ϸһỤԼĻƣңͷö滹лƣƤʮֹ⻬Լǿء佱һ䣬ѻ۵ݹȥ½Ҷ͸㣬
ƻ۱ߣ½Ҷԣ㵡
ΪţŰɡң彿εգۡ
 

96 ɾ

ЩؿǶԻۣٿЦӯӯң壬½Ҷع͵һţãģԼŰɡ
ҡҾ͸ġң岻֪ΪʲôƺˣĿ¶⡣
ѽ㣬ҸûϵʲôͻȻƢ½Ҷߺߵغһ䣬ͷһˡ
û뵽ûñңһһ룬ȦʱЩ졣
һĻ־磬һԵϽ͵Ц
ʱǺң岻֪˵ʲôźãߣһ֮һţһҲˡ
ûüסǰԴͷٿܵЦվסһѵһЦԾػͷһжһλ¹ӣһԵİЦǰϡһŴأԷЦ
ιЦʲôЦЦãһ뵽˿ĵܵܣʱˡ
û˴˸ЦģЦøˡ
̣׼Ц
㷢쭣Ͻ̾øЦˣʵǳŲסһ¶ͨڵϣֱЦô
㣡ٻͷһɣҲЦЦʲô
ɣ㲻׼ЦʲôЦġԼЦǸڵ߹ȥָıǼ⣬ŷۣŭؽѵ㣬֪磬ϹЦЦʱЦЦʱЦң
΢ͻȻЦˣĿ۾ϣƺʲô
Ҳһ
ʱ⵹ʶǰ磬ͻȻܳŻһհëˣһĶһһָؽѵ
Ȼأ
ͻȻץסָһ˵᲻㡣Сǣңϲ㡣
סˣӵ뻳С
ůҸͻۣû
˴Ƭ̣类ٰ֡
˿˶ӣǧҲʱң߷ѾϣܵĿѱûİ̽©һ˿ߡʶ˸ǲִ˺һ˵ʧˡֻǡ빫̫ˣң嶼ˡ
һ£˦Ժ˲ɻֻ˵ĵشƣġ
תһϹλҵʦ֣ķǡһ¡
ǽĵ׵׿ķˣȴƺգ޺Ѱһ¼䣬ûԼ΢ЦĹӣһᡣ
ģػ˸񣬡Ϲá𣿡
ǰ𣿡ûȽ㿪ڣϽһӴӵŻش
Ƚϡ棬СӲϲƽ¡
һһ룬ϽͷɽӸ㡣
ȵؿŵܵܰķǣϲ̵߻Ƕپ̶ֻӲġ
㣬Ӷ͸ˣҾøﲻ˵ˡ
֣㡭
ϹƽסȻСӣȨԤõġķѣȻеˡ
ӣ죬ȴ֪˵ʲô
һĻҲ֣˵½Ҷ߻ˡƺܲ
㣬첻ˣǻȥɡǸɡ
áһ۽㣬Ͻ̷ɿ빫ӣˡ㣬߰ɣ˾ĸ˵ġ
½ҶһĲˣЩֻ˵մˡ
ߡڰٻ԰Ź򡣡
ԣǲɵתЦһ£Ÿŵܵȥ
ĿıӰվԭسƬ̣ԸܼҰѻȥ𸮣ͷȥķǡ
Ժʳпտաķˣֻѩá
һʳУϧһ£ɲ߹ȥʦ֣ϲӣ
̧ۿ˿ûˣ
һЦֻʣ˼ҵΪΣիĲҵ𣿡
üͲˡֻӺܿܡһǧϵһ棬һֻӾһǧ߰ٶƽ𣬺ֵǮġ
Цɡ˭
½Ҷá
ɴ㵡
һĪķǹЦҡҡ˵½ҶͻΪ˱ʾ϶ȥ½ҶûǮģÿ϶ܵܵģξǮ֮һüǮ

һɾӣֻΪҪЧ֮ӯ
һأ
Ͻᡣ½Ҷ϶ᡣ𣿡
֪ɣɷ˸ۣá
 

97 ÷

˻صºǿ½ҶЩʣҶһ⣬㲻Ҳú˵ôʲô
½Ҷߵһ£ƺ
״Ͻ߹˼½Ҷȥˡ߳Զͣ½Ųϲ磬ҰƽҪһ٣Щ㡣
ţ½Ҷȣɰˣ㲻ԣ
һЦüɫ˵ɵʦӣˡ죬˼
һ£½Ҷͷ顣
ǵȻ
Ҫȥ飬öɡѶһƱϽ̣½Ҷߡ
ں棬Ͻ̼ƣʣ磬ΪβҪۣϧôֵǮĶ㲻ϲ˶á
һ½ҶɵöסŲ˵ܵһ۲˵ǻǺö˲ſϧ
ΪβҪʵҽ˵öԣһƬ͵Цһ£Ͻ̽ƻʡ
⻰½Ҷٴķǰ˼ƺ˵Ů˻ǮͶǺܶ𣿡
⣬Ͻһ֣һƣǱסװû
ҹңڻ´磬ǶԻ۷ϡʱһѾ߽
С㣬иˡ˵з͸С㣬½Ҷӵģǡ
һң͵ؽæתʣʲô
˵ҪǮһƽ𡣡
סңüʣʲôˣ
һͯˣ˵ŵйϵС϶Ȥġ
ת˿ǶԻۣң̲ס½ҶЩɥشһͷ뻹˵С
һ̺ˡֻһ֣ǶԻ۹ڹأ⣬½Ӳǲ飬ֻϹȥ
֣ң巢һֿһ飬˼ţɻطԸдȡգּһȥӵıʼ
벻˭ʾңֿ˼飬ٴθԸѾ߰ѻװã׼ЩѰ͸½Ҷ
ʱص¸
үƱ
̫ˡֵǮţ֪Ҿ͸öҪ㡣Ͻ̰Ʊһֵ۶ˡ
ؿɵЦ̲סʣү㣬ôôˣ
Ҹ㡭ӵǮһŵǮǸԶ⡭ңͦǮġϽ̵ذӺͻ۵¸

ҽ㣬˵ҵġ͵ʲôϽ̶
ȺЦתתͷѣԺжүǱš
һ㶣Ƴһ⣬Ͻ̲Цˣ˼һصͷ
û֪СϷ佻ѵĶƽһߣٻҿ硣
¡ܲҰף͸ŹɻЩࡣ
Ĳô
ùã˵ҵⲡģЩ纮˵ûд󰭣Ҫһ¡
ԣ˿˼һӱǡʱڸҶ߶ǼҼҲʲôţ϶վһˡôţ˹кô
ǡǡùãǼӣǣǼҵĹº˵Ҳǿӵϡĥһ²˵ЩǼתţöǮȥͨЩ¡š
һ㶣ŵ˵ǼҸºйڡ깫ºܻ顣
ȣ⣬ͷ
޷˼䵽˳ϼҽٻ԰⣬Ȼɴһ»ڵȡûӦ޳ǲɵ˿
ע⵽½Ҷû֣Ŀ¶棬߹ʺʣ½û
Ҷȥθǳʱ򲻼ûȡϽŻشʵ½ҶڸǺȰȰ
˵ܵһۣǰǰæԲѣҶȥˡ
ûʣЩЦ˵ղŽ԰ӡپ½Ҷת˵Ķ볤ֺõĸңλعھн߰ɡ
ðһǵһϽ̿һ۽㣬ȴ󷽷ǰȥ˶ٽŲǱһ
ٻ԰÷֦廨ʢţΡ
ڻдУǸ÷ּ両İ㣬ȻЩ÷ƷּãϾȾɫء
ˣ΢΢һЦ÷ȥĻЩơ߷˶Թ޲ڡ
⻰ǻϲתЦʣ֪빫ۣ
 

98 

ˮ۲ӯӯӳּ޺죬ұ޵次Ц绨ɲɵʧһ˲ԾĵƺҪḧ硣
һ㶡
ֻ޳ŮӼͷƬµĻ꣬Ҳ²Ļܺóԣϧ̫ˣ֡
ЦҸЩ꣬ﲦһЩ÷⣿
ָĻ꣬Ƿһ£һ룬һۣƺ˵ػش𣺡ô࣬ˣҲǳԲϵġ
ϲ飬ͷһЦһЩұ֤ԡ
ǲģ
ָһϵ׺ëֻ˵ëõЩ͸һãЩ÷⣬Σ
Ц⣬ǵĲ˼£Īһ죬빫Ӻܻģѵ÷ֵǮ
ֶֻȨƲƸ޷򵽵ģνҿ÷ùصöࡣ
ؿ˿֪빫˹أ
ЦЦش𣺡Լġ
һ̧ͷҲĿԼ䣬ǧӿǧ
ڣ
ţҪ֣ȴͻȻз紵ҡѩꡣ
΢̧ͷȥһ޺ӵض֦ϸǡ
ɶٸȻʣʦ֣ô԰Ҵܣ
԰ӹһ¡֪Ӻδȴ١
󡣡
޺תתۣһצӡ
󣬸ͷѰһȦ࣬ëƤ޺죬ͷϣһ˫鶯صǣıᴩͷβıƣһıưڡ
ĳ࣬Щ־ʮֿɰ̲ס̧ȥһʣ빫ӣƺûôġ
ɻûش𣬺Ӱһ档ǾУһůĻ߼һŭ߳糣ס֣
ţһУ֣
Сģ㿪
նʱֻһɵÿĻȾֻϲ̰ůļ磬ֻĪİȫӵŻĽᴹ۽ޣսֱۡ
ֻϢɿ֣סʣûŰɣ
û΢Цţڡ
һ˲˵ʲôŲ𣬡㣬㡭
һǸæתͷһҴܻϽ͵ֹû˵ġһƺӵֹĿ¶ȣ£üɣʲô
ܾûдٷֻһãīڡĨѥһۻݻȴΪƽһָ߹š
Ŀ¶ƣ΢⣬˳ɿֻش𣺡ʲиӰϮϹֻǾԮ
ģܾºɣ㿴ǸӰʲô
û壬ǳֺġ
ֹһ£ܾת΢ЦʣϹûŰɣʲּҲһźӰЩץˡ
عǸæǰʣ̶û°ɣ
һɣϽҡͷû¡ˡǸ֪ʲôٶ죬ˡ껬ضͷ˸ɪĶ
ЩЦЩľûپֻ󣬶ܾлֽͣʲȷʵһźӰ빫ȡ
˽Ҳ÷ܾأЩɣǹ
÷±ͣһ˵û뵽һǰȥߣǱߵ÷￪úá
ɵһɣݸðǽǸ빫һģҲˡ
Ǿһ߰ɡ
һּ÷ʱң÷ι䡣԰ãѰ֪½Ҷûʧ֮²϶ˣѰ˽뿪
һƬܼ÷ߴһӲ°
гʲô˼
ǼҸ½йڣԸΪЧ͡
ЦҪЧͣ
νбЩȥЩǸػش
Ǻ͵͵ЦСӵǻ顣ðɣῼǵġȻذɡֺͣǼҿûʸ
ǡˡ
վһܴ÷ң¶һֻ۾Ÿ滤ȥ±ӰĿǰȥļˡ
ֱһʧңŴ߳͵ͷ԰űȥ뿪図һļɽת˼Ƭ̲ŷԸ˸ȥ
 

99 

ἴʼƼ˰ٻ԰еĽ÷鿡
ھ̩λλ硣ܣ̩ܲͻȻע⵽һεӰ⣬̶ϲ
оĿͶתͷһܲڿǣɵ£üĥһ£԰й¶˼䡣ܿ죬˸ǽ̩һ࣬ΪڵܲͿˡƬ̣һ̴ɶߵ
΢תЦϹʧƬ̣ȥȥͻء
빫Ա㡣΢Ц
ˣϽһ۽ʣ㣬ɡʲô
Ŷ߷Ĳҵ¸ֺ
ӵܣ
΢٣ҡͷ
ͷЩѡҵĵͬ⡣
ʲô
ҡͷһ£ÿͦãǮǸѡţδġ
֪ܸܵ̾ʲôˣһᣬݺһ˵ʲôأСëӶʲô
סͷϽ̹죬㣬̫ҰˡطҪׯҪᱻܵġ
㡭
ҧгݣϽˣ˵ʲôиϹôأǴģǳóԡ
һ㶣̧ͷһܾ֪ʱ˹Цݿ䡣һϰ˸ɫʣһɫĿ˱ǡ
⣿Ͻһʱ档
Ǳ⡣߽һֻ߱ëƤ쵣ѴõġԳһ°ɡ
áϽһҧһڣۣóԡ㣬һ顣һǡ
ó𣿡
ǵͷ
־ҲرϹһԣܾʮ̹Ȼɵλϣƺ˱ƣֹӾƺŮӺȡ
ӹƣ΢Цлˡ
ÿġϹ𣿡
ûʲôһɫĿǣеıѩƺ͸˿ڱϣƺƺġ
нǮģִ࣬ڸءֻҫ⺣һֻңټ
Ľ⣬Ͻ²ŸɫʣһбۿܾԱȽϡ
÷Ʊյ֮ʣɽһС¥¥ϣ¥˻عͷǴ㵣̶ϲ΢΢һЦͬһᣬ
鿡
߹ȥ˸ݺݵܱ
˴˴˺ü£߲ŶһЦֵҽǸԵ̫ԲЩؿɱȵ꿡ˡ
ٴκݺݴһ£ôʦһ˵㼸ʱģˣ㵽ȥˣѶȫޡ
ȥһ·ĸҡǾԶûдš˶٣ЩֶˡΪˣҺǼס
ԣɳĬһ²ҡҡͷ㲻ڣҪû¾ͺá֪ˣ϶ܸ˵ġ
ˡǻšһصŵ֪£ʮյ·̣Żصྩ
յգ⡣в⣬뿪Զ߸߷ɣպ󽭼ҵĴͿˡ
û뵽ô˵˲صһᣬȻŭ˵ʲôԣǸ˵Ҳ뽭ףҵúõᣬŪ⣿ߣΪʲôԶ߸߷ɣѧΪΣ
ҡ
סڣ˵ͷˡ
˴˵ãץסļ磺áڰϽŵྩ׼ҵ鷳á
⻹ࡣ˼һ£Ͻʲô·Ǽʱгˣ
ϽŵĽ׽һ飬ɶϽЩưԽʵǿȲҪǣСΪá
ͷȥɡҹ㡣
ʧڻ䡣
ĬƬ̣ȭһ۷÷鿡
鿣ǽڵĸ磬곤ꡣ
ǰԶʶһλ֪Ůӳ壬ֲʹַɡ󣬽Я鿷ش룬ѶӰڽݣǽݴҡ
˽ҵĵϵϣû֪鿵ĴڡɢȽڣ֪ǵֵðζܵܡʮ꣬մɣѡΪһĹɽ˼һս𶯽֮ɴǲɢʹӣķ漴Զһȥֱ꣬ա
ɻصϯʱͼܾλϸǽ̸Ц
ˣ֪ࡣǰӾʲôģ𣿡
̿ɲ档ĥգȷʵǸȥ
տ϶ܺˣ
ܾǫ飬˵ȷʵܸߣ㲻İɣ
 

100 Ͼ

˶һ㶡̧ܾͷͼĿⲻƵصԼʾӹȥ̲ػش𣺡ԭ빫ӡʲŲܺô⡣пλҾ£кβף
ûʲôסⱾģѰһȥ
ν󵽣빫ˣλѾˡ
ôɡ
üܾ༥ڵظңҲɡ
ûɼ⣬ǿǾҪæԲˣ빫ӣͦյġǶ°ɡͷһɳԵûĵܵܣ̶Ǳȥ
бһ۽㣬Ͻ̸һ仹ŲŲ
빫ɡ
ݺݸܾһۣ¡
˱վˣ°
ûسһɣܾҲ¡
Ǳ£ǰǵøɣǻ⣬ܺóԡ˵ֱӲѲ׽
̹ȻһԵóԡ˴Ӯֱ𣿡
ǵȻ
˵ֻƤʵƤġ˴ӮôûһƤãɹʡ
ܾȻ
ֻ߱쳣ɲྩѰˣ˴Ӯġһ䣬ת΢Ц߷һƤáϹϲ͸㡣
ˡƤоеְɡ
ϹŮӣ߱ƤʵģëòԵͿɰܾץᣬԷ
Ƴһܾ˵Ϲϲëãһëø
ֲëڹвģ˿϶ûⲹһ䡣
ܾһݺݵ
Ǳ˴Ʋ˳ۣǼֺЦݸл빫ӡþͺˡ
ȷʵѩչëůеļƷ
ɹŸܾƣѰ˼ŷʣã
һһ̩ܲߵǰһ档
¡
ֹܲ˿ܾ˵ְھΰЧ׿һ˲űء
΢٣ܾǫүֻ÷֮¡
֮¡˵úáЦһ䣬ܲʣСǣϲã
һ֪λشɿڵҪһøϹ
ܲĿ¶⡣
£빫û˵ʵ˵ҪĲë͸Ϲ
ëã˿ǴŵǳƣܲЦáɣǼëñˡ
ü
״ܾЦ˳칧ά߷Ķʮְ󡣵ү϶ġ
ԣܲȻƽԼ˳Ǿ˵⣬Ҫϰˡ
үۣ빫۵ɡ
ֽϾֻòʣ˵´磬²𣿡
ȷʵҪȥʱЩ⼸ྩлƣȥܲ롣
ɨһܾɾ˵Ȼ£Ϲһȥɣ
ǱͲߣͷѽ
롣˸ƣбһܾЦϹСӣ߰ɡ
ˣˡ΢΢һЦ˸񣬴ŵܵȻȥ
ĿǵıӰܾվԭбƣɶʱʮֵĲ˳ۡ
ǶĽϻţĺɫɫ̵յԡһ𻺲Уһ۵ƣһЦ
Ͻ̸ڽߣܲٿɣȽѡ
й̣бۿܲʱ˵Ц֮Ա²֡ʱѣ£ʱˡձ´磬ٵõġ
ʵ۸磬ܲʱȻһۣŴֻ˵СǣղпաãǳȥΣ
˼һ£Ӧ䣬ů˵ɡ
ǺǣáӦˣܸܲˡתͷɣɣһСǻظȽ
ֵ뿪˵ǡ
ܲŻˣתЦϹҲ빬ɡɫ磬ȥ¥
ȥǰ㴦άž룬Ȼá
ŽһڲסϲϽ̲ס̾˿
ʱɰǽͻظ
Ϲ˸Щꡣ
ɼǵ÷⣬ݸðһ빫һҪ
΢Цһ£ɿ˿ŵӣҾ͹÷ˡóһˣ˵Żʮƥ͸Ϊɡ
Цһֻÿ𣿡
Ÿʡ
߷ָˣӹ˵лһ˸߲ңϽ̲סһ¸ͬµĿԡ
 

101 

ǻص佻ʱĸ׵²վɤӽУɣôˣ㿴ǸǸɧ͸꾫һ·ɫ
һŮˣ²ϲ㲻ģ鸮СȻһŵ̼֣䲻㡣
ҡ
¡СʲôҸ㣬СѾͷûϣһź׵ģֻܹЩûݵĺӵܣ㲻һѾɫˡǸƽĵ޹ȥޣǺүˡ
һᣬ»£˰β˵˼޸ɡǮģ޹ȥٴɣǿɲС
֪ˡЩšȻذɡ
οŮˣٵĿ˼βʣҦ֣Ҹ˵Ʒ¾ɻ˵᲻СѾͷйϵǲƻݺҸ磿
ת˼˵СȻǸ빫ߵýЩǸȴδء
üܾãİļˣ϶йϵðѹǸôңȷŻٶڻȻƷˣ
豭͵ϸߣˤӡ
ҧг˺һᣬٵ۾Ҫ㵹Ǻ㣬ǼҵùΣ˻ȥʺ°ô
Ҧȥʱһͽ佻󡣿꣬Ǿȣ̶üңǲ͵ģ֪׶ҵ˰ݼƽἰºƺͼ
죡
ղųҵ͹ˡ
һʱգŸݺĿܡ
ͬһʱ̣߽һլԺ˴߷ܽŻ֡С԰бзһֻƱ
ɣʣǸϼСδޣ
΢٣ɵͷ
֪˭𣿡
˼Ƭ̣ûҾãܾ֪˭ɰԼ󣬴ӵ¶µ;磬ٵָ˸硣
꣬鿳˼ò˵ʱҲáһ֮ضйأ´󲿷ЩߵĺúҴߣǶϼҺ޺øУСҪҽӧӲ֡գһֻΪĳ⣬Ϊá
ĬĬͷǰ޳ƫ
ļ磬ֻǵ㡭Ǹ˱Ͼ

˼һᣬϽŵרĴó͢ϵ¡˰ǣش󣬵ܵ䣬ǼҾĳҳˡ
֪磬ҪЩϽǸĸ֡
Ƭ̣鿹һЦѵҸ硣ģ۽ұĵá
ߵܵܣ鿲ſڰУָֿ̣
µĺڰ߳ķǣݳһϢֻڣ޳֮ǰ鵽ģȻˣҾͲˡǵĸ򾩳ǣм򻪣˳
ӿ£һҹƽ
峿Ѿ롣ױ̫Ժȥˡѩ磬С誷Ժѩˡ
Ǽˣóһߡ
СŮ˷ܵգۣʲôѽ
ߣġ㿴ƣǲǱòͬˣŲʮӣǷģԲģһֻԣ
档Ū˼£СŮһ߸ߣɿضѩӡ
Ůˣ̫ɵЦΪСлˡ
ˡƶСܼô֣θأ
ĬĬͷ̫˵мҪ֪
⣬ǵһЦ뽲
˵Ҿүһҧ߷빫ӻǼƷȴ빫ظǶ϶Ϊߥ빫ҵġ
һ£м㲻֪ġĽó裬һ֪ôžĪر°ȥѰʱ򡭡̾һ˵ֻͻȻһ£һªˡȴ˵˽δ졭үǸܲģԼӡĽʧ˳裬ȥ͢޺үҲᡣ
΢ʣﲻ𣿡
ԣ̫һ˿ӣ˲ϲү檣ΪѾǿˡ

Ƭ̣̫˵Դºүͺȥݡү˳һܣ֪Ϊʲô֮󡭡˹ܼȨ˵˲Ҫ밲һˡ
ЩӣүڶС㡢үڸǰСʱʼ´󲿷ֶǶ˵㣬ԽүŲʡʱ㻹ڹ
תۿ˿ǣѣС㣬Щ¡֪ǹ׶㣬ѷЩݵֶҪģ֮ˡ
 

102 

ʱһĨ⡣
̫Ļ˺ܶ£ܶʱ֧ƬΡ

Ĭһ£ٿȻץȭͷ֪ĸ׵йϵҲѲϵֻ̣Ϊû˵ʱ
˼ţţͣ½Ų΢΢ü
ͻȻˣЩ԰ףһæסС㣬С㣬ôˣ㲻
ĿΣǲۡظżͷۣʲŲ֪ǲΪЩƬΣͷ۾ؼӾ硣΢ϢһᣬоЩЦЦû£ֻЩͷΡ
ǲҹû˯ã
ҡͷذɡ
ص佻󣬳ܶ໨꣬һѩ׵á
źеǶʱ˲٣´ҲȥЩŪЩһᣬŷԸȥһ˺
һʱ½Ҷˡܿ죬ǴŻ꣬͵øŵܵܵºȥˡ
ȵ÷⣬½ҶΧתһȦʣ㣬·ܺÿģ
ݸ빫÷⣬͸һá
½Ҷ˸ۡ
ʲô飿÷Ϊβȥ
ȥ
ķǡһ䣬ôԸ˵Ұȥ߷Ӳʲôʲô£ƣ㶼ܳ嶯ܴܣˣ֪𣿡
һ½Ҷüʣʲôˣ
룬ڰٻ԰÷ң˰ݻƽƺ㲻óңţԼɣܹ㡣
˶٣½Ҷӹϸһ飬ӹЩӡ
ƽˣܻȷʵЩǸҲһˣѰĴЩκβ㣬ôǵļıضľλµڮٻ壬㹻ˡ
Ƭ̣½Ҷסȭ˵֪ˡ
ˡŶ͡ȻóһֽͰϢ͵ҵĶͷȥȻȥ
½ҶѽͻظƵȥ߷ʳ÷⣬˵ĸˣһ뵽ûЩʧ䡣
һϲ̫ˣеóˡ
һֻʳУһץסʦ֣ôҲôóԣ
㲻Ծҳԣ˷˼ҵ⡣
˭˵Ҳԡδ䣬һתʱס֪ʱʳϣһ÷⡣
׼ԡˣȥץ
Ӱһһʹ
εһ֣һ϶һ˿ڡץסʱķʳС
Ĵ磬춪ҡ
һ顣
ң
һ̣÷ⱻͻȻðӦ޳図˺һաɱķûϡ
ǣɺݺݵһķǣʦ֣ҳԿ÷ѣΪεң
һܳһٸʳе÷⡣̫ˡ
˸ۣ˴Ҵҽӣ̩ˡ
һ߽שСԺܲʣɣôǼëù
㵣˶ٲŻش𣺡²˼ڳϣоëΪΣֲ⡣
ô˵ġһ㣬СΪΣ
ϴһֻ˺üΡһãлѡ

ܲɺɣĥһ¸ɴʣ£ϹϤ㼸ʱʶģ
ûϸ˼Ǻ⣬ܲͷǰҾڵ顣ǻʺŮ٣ֵʱȥĵ伮ܴ֪ǿǣЩֻ֪ĵĹŮǿö࣬ǾʶˡҲʱڵӾ˾Ϥˡ
ܲʯ£̾һ̫ӸҲ⡣׵ģÿζرܡ̫ӻȥܻ飬һת۾Ͳˣ̫ӿǾͺܲˣΪ˳䡣
ԽԽζʣʱƺûȢģ
ǰ̧ͷεˣӦԪͳ죬ºԶˡһ᲻浳볯ֻ֣רξʶ˵ĽֵεģΪ֪Լı֣ʶԽһỤ̣ԡ
ͣƬ̣ѡ֮ȥݡһڰٻ԰СǣĺܾȡһΪΪ󣬻ʵ۸Ϊ
£һüɳ˳Ŀ˵£ӣǣˡϾҪˣÿ˾йԱĵʱǡã֪к˼𣿡
ܲҡͷЩҲ볯һʱȷʵ֪
´˿̵һһעţһطȥ
δ
Ժ
 

103 ծ

ܲؿһᣬԺкκô
ɷʣ½빬ʹͰɣ
ԣܲЦɣĿȷʵ׼һ˵ûǮʵ۾͸ʮȥ̫Ҫָʮմ磬ʵۿ͵ĴɰЦˡʲôģ϶Ұ׽ġ
ЦǰϣЩЦã˶پ˵£ġǸطɽҰ
һֲ֧ܲ⡣ֻҰĻ˶ʮ𡣴
ܲЦˣɲ˵һ᲻볯Ǿͼˡ볯ΪԺڻʵģۼ˹аϵѧӣЩбп֮šңκةࡢٸÿ¶ȥڿաǰϲ飬ʦ
ĥãܲס
ЩˡǵĹڳҲģ⼸ϲƾᣬµʱȥһ
˼䣬ܲʣɣǼëöǮ
ܾңЦ𣺡£ܾϹģвëã
ģ
ȻһϿҡ
ûҳܲȻϧˣһ͸Сǵġ
ü
ܲˣķ߳˵̩ǴᾭûԺˡ
š
һ׼ںδ

գ۾͵˳ߡһǸ꿪ҵӣƷüȥʧأҲһٴֵؿˡ
º˱裬һƼҴܽү¼үˣ˵ǼǷĻҪϽ塣
Ƭ̣һӣ뵽ƫ裬˵ȥ
һˣԭת˸Ȧƹ񣬡Ƿ¼ҶǮ
ƹóһ˲үǱǰ¼ҵĻһǧƽ𡣿ȥ겻ûҪ͵ˡ
üûһүϳҵˡҡԼң˵ҪǸϽծ
ھһ˲ͨ£һʣǵǷǮ
ƹԥһ£ͳǧƽ𡣡
ôǷôࣿ
ȥʧŲ͸ҡҲǧ˵ùͻʱֻҪɣ͢ĿһܻϣƫƫֳƷ¡
ףЩ
ûԲߣһܽүүˡһǸϽǮǮͰߵĻǶŻˣǳȥɡ
һᣬŲҴҳȥˡ
һʱڰծһȰߡбصԺһƨ£ֻûƺɢ˼ܡĿΣʣתǮ
үȥĿ̫ˡһʱתǮǧѽ
Ķͷס񼱴Ҵϻءһʱ鸮
֪ծǼţٴΣһҧ鷿ȥ
鷿һ̫ڸǰϲæծŵ˵ˣĩүǲҪ֡ǼתȥͰǮϣүΪѵġ
Ϲȴüôһˣ
϶Ǳɿˡͷһתڮ٣үҸ˵ЩƷġǰգɻʹСظҿǴСɻǼңֵñŭƷҲѵ⡣ûʱǶúõġ
Ǽҵ¸Ƕйأ
϶ǡС֪ץȥֻ
Ϲû
ټһǻ׮׮ָǸǻ
һᣬϹ¾˵Ĳ±ҳ󽫾ٰǼ跨ˣɡҪֵУ𵽴˵߷Ļû֤ݣ˿ʵ
ү߷ʲôҪ֤ݣ͸ˡݵػش
ԣϹûӣǸĳֹĺˣȻһƷľλȴͬҴϮͬݡʵ۶ڻʵ۵Ѫֹڻʵ۵㡣ԣϹȻλɳȻ˵ǼƷԹٵڮ֮
ٲֹϣʱˡ
һԾϹʮͲܳûпɽ̩ܸʮƽ磿٣ǮǸֺġ
Īذһѵ⣬ڨڨΣֻ˼û
üҵ£Ϲֻ˵Ͻȥծסչֵ꣬Ƿġ
 

104 ı

ٸˣϹ¿ĿãܼҷԸЩңһǶֹٿĸӶڸʲô
ү⡭
ʲôֵüլң
һܼҸæǡ
ܼ˳ˣϹ¶Գ˼ֻ֪ӪĵĴˣ෴˼ܣʮºѧ˲ԹɫȡᣬͲнյķɻڴˡ
ٵĻŮ΢΢üֱأϹ¾ŮЩһʲôһȴ˵
һߣٴֶ˽˵ʱӰ佻
㣬óԵġǹɣɣǹӲ裬ŮӺá
ϰŵһѣݸлá֪ҫݵķ羰Σ
ܺ档ҫǴΨһͨˮĵطͷһһ⣬ͣ޴üɫظһảһɫӰʣ⼸Ҳڣû°ɣ
ûúãһշһ¡
ǰҰݻƽϸ˵Ӱ˼һʣк˼
ƾͼơһȶҪͷ̽һ⼸˼ҡһҡ
飬ߵţԭ̫ǲϢծţȥүҴ뿪ۡͬС
ծţȥ˵ҵĻ
ֵǣȻң
˼ţ²졣
ҹˣݿɿڷۣȰС㣬ЩϢɡ˼ǹȻӵġ
ȴʲộвʣ
⣬ҡҡͷ
Ǿûˡȥ˯ɡ
ųȥǴϨװޣȻŷ롣
ͻȻѵ
ǰǻظ³͵òȥ˵ʹˣЩĶܲ¡˿̻룬ٶ̫°
̲ǲأ
ǿó̶ģͰǴӺδ֣ʳˮ
˼ȴ벻ǵͷֿʼˡ
סͷΣڻһ»ʱ˼ǡ
Ӽƽ˾
ÿȥ԰ɢʱȥܵܣСãٳ
ٺ˵˵ծǴӦһ¡ͷ֪ҿվ޴󣬼û侮ʯҲĬش衣ҽ費Ǯȡ
ʮģ񸮴Ϣ߷Ϊ̣ԭƷõ¡
ܼҵشУôô죡
ɫ࣬ɫܼҸæοүżү˲٣ȸүס뷨ӡ
ƺ˺һᣬͷȥҸס
£¡ĲתӵĻͷܾòź޺޵֪ˣҪǼҵĲ¡㣬㡣
ֻκβáù˵߷볤ֺøǲĴ˵Ʒץסѱ˵Ǽڮٳֺ
Ĭһᣬùû˵ʲô
ŵʱ򣬺ȥݼ˶ƽѹùõı˸ס
еǼУ湫ãǸת
ǡ
ȥù飬ʽݹӹϵԽ󽫾ɱøеöࡣøǸ黫ģ¶ӡ
һͷ
ʱϽڸ﷢Ƣ֪Ҿܻ¡
˵Ϊʲôѽʲôõģҡ˵ǲҽ˵

ϵãóọ̈ҿǿ⡣ϽһյĽͷŹҧгݡ
ԣٲɵü˼Ȱ˵ӣֶˡ
ܿ죬ֶ˿ʼı
ͷۼһһʱϽŰѱͳ⣬ļ磬ķˡ½Ҷ군ˣͷ˻ʱ㻹׵ġûס
ߣ½ҶǸʯҲر˳ۡ
Ǿáݹһ£鷳ˣֻкô
ϽĿȥתŻ˼ߣҦϲػˡ
ү
ôôˣ
ūǸŸ̵ϲСĻ׼ͷˣǱ൱⣬ֻ˵Ҫʰֺϲϡ
Ŷðһ㶣̶ЦϽûݴ֣ݸȥ
ϲȥϹ£ŮƽĺϢ꣬Ϲµͷ²۹⡣
Ƕү̵ġһ䣬ְҾܻ˵ˡ
΢оȣϹûоᣬҲáٸ˵Ůʮˣ˼Ҷףǲȥһ¡
ٶʱ۾Ź⣬ǡлүġ
 

105 Сϲ

С¾ҪϢܿ촫鸮Ѿ߸һϲɫŸˡѾлڷǰҹ¡֪ҪȥѾߣ޲ܡ
Ϣͬ佻
ʱ֣ǽסǰͷӣ˵СҪף֪һ˼𣿡
С㣬׮ϲʹ˸˵ƽ
ЦЦǷԸøһǮЦϿ˻ά˼ˡߺʳ󣺡ҼǵƽϷ˻ڣ
԰Сǵ˴ȥƽ١㶩֮ǰˡ˵ϷӻӲʣܱӡ
ãǵͷҼǵλϷǴׯ
Ϸ˳šռʫ֮ңƽҽϽǼҵĹӴӲЩ߰Ļ˵¹үɱүǿöࡣ˺һ̾Сͦиġ̵۹ⲻ
۹ȷʵáƽΪƹΣΪǼ鹸߹ƽȲЩһƷֻ˼˰ģ׶Զкô
һ㶡
ǰÿҶԶƽŵڣҲÿ˶Ҿ˾ˣԹ뺮ŵ֡վĺɫеϼǳò˵ѡеʫǵƽԸˡ
󲻽⣬С˼ǡС޲ȥ
ǣһ˿ǳЦ̻ǵǸջظһúܿͻ֪ʲôӿڳ

˵ǻš
ǰ¾ƽԼȳǰǰЦϽǸõķˣֻıӻܹӲдԼˣֻˣȻˡ
¶һǼ޲˵ġ㲻Ϊ𣿵ƽܻ飬ͻΪŮǵЦϡ
ԪǴڸ׸ǰУǰȥ
̶һȥԺͬ̽ѧʣϽңҲھԺġ
ϹЩ⡣
״̫ǣҾⲻүˣүڼԼ飬ɢġ֪ú𣿡
ϽϽٳԷԣڼĻ࣬Ժ̫ˡҪСԼѧѰɡ
̶Ǹү黹ҪԼǮ㿴˵ûǮˡǳһ̫װ˵ػش
С⻰˵òԡܼһǺõģôûǮأ
ŮһһƺҪץסڮԼͷһʱ˻⣬СˣҲǸ˼ó̸ȥһ꿴ЧѧɸĳԺȻԼɡүú𣿡
룬ðɡ̶߳úö飬˷Ǯ
ǡشţٹʣСó̸ʱȥΪã
ɡ
ϲټЦһҾǲȥ졣
Ŀ࣬ǰ
Ȼ˻⣬ҪΪͻȻˣ
ٲ֪Ǿǹڵʱ˵һΪ̽ΪԸǮȻ
ĺʱ֣һ˾һԷ
Ǵһ£תʣôôؾ
ţ
ɫ㣬ԵƤڡ
һ㶣̶ŭǹʱˡʢеľ뵭ɫĵϡ㣬ﴩƣһֻëͷԡ
ƺûļԴǣǵһЦΪƤڣ㼡ģʲôɫÿɫ˵ģûˡ
˵ҾôúܺÿǿŭϽ֧Ԯ
ܵ۹̫·ɫҪɫܳʡɫãɫÿЩ˵ܵһ䣬ǻһת
һ㶡
һһ̫תתЦүҲС㴩ɫӳЩɫ˵㡣
ٴһ㶣²ɵÿ˿Լȹ
ϹȴŮǴʲôɫһѵԷʲô·Ҳ
ŭףݵͷԷȴؼһƬ㣬Եʮֿġ
ɢϯǺ͵ܸ߽ܵ¸ּҵľˡ
С㣬ү°ˣסĵҲˡҪʲôū澾С
ѵõڣԼͬذԳ˵ˡ̶Ըһ¡
ּҵĸˣǲתͷ˵磬Ҷɶ㡣ԭǾ˾˵ױպܳɫֻҪ߶ȫ⡣ȥԺͺúôţʲôϢ˵һŲǡ
 

106 

¸֮ܵʣվھǰԼԽԽȹÿ
һᣬͻȻʣҴɫÿ
Ѿһ㶣æش𣺡С㣬ɫȹͺܺÿġ
ߣ׾Сӡһ䣬Ƶ£ùļ˽ֵ˻ᳰЦҡ˺һᣬԸѾ߰ȹȫҳһԴ
ȽȽȥľúɫʺԼ
֪ھŸ﷭䵹·ǻص佻վ˺һҵӰֹ˼䡣
ճԳϽ̴˸⣬Ѿڵȡ
ûиܵУԹ緹óӰĹӸɣԸ͸̫
ʱ֣̫Ѿߵ԰ɢһ·ţ㿴ǰˣǴ塣
ȹɫÿҲмر𡣡
С佱ˡ˵ɫĳʣҾϵɫʺҪġＸӻвģҾõǽ·ġ̫ƺڻش
·ôã
ǰСûɣ㲻һȹһȽϾ֪ˡǸ϶Ʒ͵ģۼɫ
ŶǻҪԡ
ƺĵţǽȴ˶סŲ
ֱԶˣǽ˲תʣ·ǼҵϺر𣿡
ū澲֪СȻȤȥ͵ˡ
룬Ϸȥˡ
ˣת塣һԶȥıӰһǰȥˡ
ɽĻͤϣ̫վסʣС㣬˵·ʲô
ûʲôﲻùˡ֮أڵǰ䣬ͼ¡ˣؼҰɡ̶֪ܵܵ£ȥˡ
áлС㡣
΢΢һЦ˵֮ǰծţ϶ڵǰ˵ҵĻҵʲôûʣм֡Ѱ̽̽ڷ硣˵㲻˳ۣŽڿ˿ķȴ͹Σ˳˵ûŵʲô̬ȡ
⣬̫ü״үʲ𣿡
Щ£ʾǻ¡
΢̶̫ͷ
Ŀ̫ˣǲŻͷ塣
С㣬СĽ·ˡ
ݸǸڴϺ¹ˣ⣬ܲ˼ҵļҡȥǻذɡ
еص¶ʮģƽý˵š
մƣý˵ǵһŮܣҪɳýǰǢ鶨ƸƸʱ䣬ٽ飬˫ҳ棬öº󽻻зʽƸ鶨ڡҪʮࡣֻҪŮý˵ţҵǳˣʣµĶ¡
Ȼ飬ͿذýߣԸҦȥѰһ׵Ĺý顣
պý˻鶨Ƹ񵥣̣ϺүϷ˽ڣҵԷˡԷ˵ƸӲ˵飬ͶڶʮŰɣú𣿡
ô
ģ󼪴
ŮĻ˳ϲ⣬ɡȥ죬صл㡣
ľǡ
ýЦˣˣͼ˽һ
ô
ڵѾȫϳȥϽһÿˣҾͱˡ⼸ҽܴڸʲô¶ѽ
һ㶣æʣȥԺ
ҡͷ
ºأ
ҡͷ
ú֣Ҧѯʣ⼸СѾͷû
ûССÿȥ԰ɢʮնûгˡ
ûףٻǰοӣ𼱡סģóš
÷ܲǾ͸ɵѽϽĸذ̾һȴ㿴
ٻͷһ
ϲ̵߽еѾһϡ
㿴ɫǲǺܳʣò÷Ҳ·ɡ
ϸϹ޵ɫʣپ֮ʣģ
·ġúܣĺܺÿ꾫ĸˣ˼Ҳġ
ǻϣ̲סת˼
ͬʱһ긾˽ƽĸƽϾ֮
Ϸ밲
ɣɡ޶òˡΪˡ
Ϸ˵Цءܲѽ˵ƽҪףϷ˵ϲ۹һ׼ģ֪һҵС㣿
Ǻǣԡϱ˵ǹŮƷòܳڡǶƼڵģ̳ŮȻ֪Ҿˡ
һ˶˶پʣǹϼҵС㣿
 

107 ֲ

ϷȻ۲Ǹ˵͸ȣʣ޶ôô棿ʲô𣿡
ԥһ£Ϸˣ޶һЩ£ƺ˵ϼҵС㡣֪һλ
Ŷ˵ʲô
˵λϼС̱һǴѲȥ꣬ū˵á㣬ūǽСšãֺܸڰٻ԰ͣλϼСϯ֣ϳ˰ٻ԰
ȵؿһᣬϷ˾ʣ㣬ﲻܹܣ
ҡҡͷķ½ºӣ½˹Ƕ̫̫ҡ˵λϼСľճ׽㡣

Ϸˣ޶֪ЩǲģƽǸˣλСպ᲻ᡭأ
üϷ˳˼÷ԸѾȥϱ
ܿ죬Էˡ
ϱ˵ƽŮϼŮ
һ㶣Է˵ͷ԰Ϲ£Ůķѹ¸ǶﵱңϱģСǵճˡүǹŵϲ̫ࡣ
֣Ϸ˺ʣ֪ǸϼСΪΣ
Ϊϱס
޶˵˵
Ǹ˰ԼķԷ︴һ顣
꣬Է˳Ծѡ
λСҼһΣ˳óڣֹҲʮֵ壬ôʧأ˹ҲĽѽ
ˣҲ֪٣˲ҲһŮӼǳ˸ֻ¾ǻѽ
һᣬǣѾ鶨Ƹ⣬⡭
šƣֻҪͲɡ˴һ˵һǱڮ٣ƽԩ˼ң
պϸǰǷٻ԰־类ڵԷǰϸϸ꣬ǳһãȥš
֪µֹϷ˾Ȳѣô£
ȷʵϱûǺáǣҵǼҷڣϾǶƷԱ
üϷ˲ֵƷôˣǼҲǶƷŵڲ׮û˵׼ҲǼġ˻ػ˵ռʦ˵ˣǼƽȢ磬ׯصķˣϼС̫ڰЩͻǼҾŻ²ʣҵСഺȻ󣬱Ǹˡ
ǡ֪һҪҪ˵һ
үǱȻ˵ֻȥ
³ģý˼Żŵر鸮Ϸ
ѽ̣ƽǱ߲֪ôͻȻͣͷˡ˵˵СİƹӲʣԡաǼ񡣡
Ȳ裬һһɡ
ॣֻϺõİ״ɺ豭ˤ÷飬ĲˮõҲûо
ͰΣʣ˵һ飿
ɫˣýʶɪһ£Żش𣺡ƽ˵СİƹӲʣͣˡ
ٵʧصڶ촽ҲڶԼڶƽǲýţ鶨Ƹ񵥣Ƹʱ䣬ĳ˵Ѿƹӣƽڱڻ顣
ƣƼһڻ鲻Υ񣬻ٸҵСԿ䣬Ȣֻ˼ҺޱôһٴʱЩŵ൱˼ҾδԸˣڸԹ֮ң޿ܡ
ԽԽ⣬ԽԽߺޣҲƲסͷԹߣֱɤӺôܣǼôô񣿰˼ͻȻýˣʱָıڵʣ˵ǲ㲻˵˵ˣʲôֲϣô˵ϰ˵ѽ˵
ɷģŵòᣬý˸æ⣺̣ûϵѽԭúõء
ҪúõأΪʲôǼʲô˼¶˳Ц𣿡͵Ъ˹
ٴŵһý˲ֻʰ֣ˣˡ²СĴƼҲ˵ʧûнС㻹ѽ
ģôǼҿѣŭӿһʱʲôˣڵվһѲ˹ȥ
ѽýҲÿ죬Ȼǿܿͷľȴױȡ˲ʧʧˣĻŻǵ˵̣Ǹ°첻ɣǮˡҲҪˣˡ
㻹ҪǮȥ
ýŵȶˣһӳݡ״ּҵ˸Цͳš
߳鸮ý˲Ŷ˻꣬ؿڴһ£ݺ٣ɷˣǸɲ
ϧԼæһýЩûɵߡչֽǣб˽
 

108 ӿڳ

վסţýתͼһŮվڽֽǴĿֲڣֱ治͡㶣ʣң
мְæһˡóһֻǮһӡ
Ǯý˶ʱˣ˵ֻҪõ϶á
ƺЦһ£Ů˵մ鸮ɣ֪ｻʲô
٣֪Ҹ㣬ǸŮ˼ֱǸɷǡ̱šýһѻ𣬵˻ͲӰáͷŭ˸ɸɾ
꣬Ů˵һƽѻڻĽظͰ̬Ⱥ˵ǸԷһһʮһ顣

ȻһƼΪʲôͻȻڻ飬鸮Ǹ£ֻҪ˵鸮˶ӣЩѾͷС˽ͷͰѸ´ƽ˼ҲŻڻġ
꣬óڶֻǮġ㱣£鸮лҲֻһ
úúáѣһá
ܺãЩǮȸ㡣סǮ¡
Ļ˵赭дýȴʶ˸мóŮӱض˰£ɱʿһæͷģġһáһܡ
ʱýͼӴװٵáԷһ飬ĩ˻ɿ𣺡ѽˣҲǽ֪λ̫̫ôǸѽһڡ˵²ҲˡǼҹȻѡĹ
ĻԷ˵һ˰εͷ鷳һˡ˶Ǯý˴ߣҡͷѹǸСô̱ԭǸѧġ
ʱý˸ƼҵĹߣѰ˼ž͹Ĩǵܻԭί
ʲý˵Ļػ¼һ
ͣô˵ô˵˼仰
ⲻ˵⣬ֹˣǸŶϷ֪˵ŮٷˣҲû鶨
Ӵǻӿڳֹһ䣬ýʣǼү֪°ɣ
ǼүûС㣬ȻϷˡˡ
ý뿪ƽʱٻڷƢˣҦֵο̣ˡûСѡġ
ȴͻȻ˰Ϊʲôö˶˵ģһƻƻһᣬɨϵı̲յһؽУȥȥΪʲôֳȥѽȥ鵽˭ʹ
ǡҦһæӦȥˡ
ĺʱּ֣ҵڸǸýˡ
ι£ȥƽػǸ˽ۻڻ¡Ѱ˼Ŷ̻ȤҲȥҡǮҸ㣿
ּҵһµͷʮӡ
ϲýƽ˵ĻͷȥβٰѺŮĻӽȥϸ˵ϷԭиĵѾߣˡʱ߶밲Ϸ˵ġ˵˺Ц˵ѹ˽ʲôлȥסʷǵطǸǷ֮أסžܶ˼ҵĹ´Ѿǵļˡ
ּҵİβ
ڰٻ԰׮¡һôˣ˭֪һڵл˵ءԷԭŵģ΢һ˸װסý˼ʵ̾һҪġЩСѡһ˼Ұɡ
ýĵˣһһصشһӾ˶ʮӣȱý׬Ǯˡ
´ÿ죬´ø졣ҹ䣬˵ȶԼ֪ƽڻ¡Ц˳˵㡣
ɱ佻꣬Ȱβ˵ö˶˵ģƽˣôͻȻڻˣ
ߣ̣˵СΪǵֺԼ˲áѽЦʮָˡ
룬ҲЦ⻰˵öԡ޲ɡӶ̿ɾ͵ⲻˡ
ǡ
Цͣݸ
νϱţûһŵĻϲϱšԭҲ򵥣޷ΪԼպ㡣ȢһǼլ߶Ҫϱɫˣ
Ѱ˼ҲôοһʫǴҵƽοƹӶ²⣬ΪŻµĸĸǰȥȡʲôġ
ظһգٴοҫãö˶ԲߡСţ;ϷΪ˾εܵܣãҲΪ˽մٳƽĻڻ̵档
ڴ̽ߡϢЩ£ȻзӰȥ
 

109 

佻ֻŸ޵˺ܾãͻȻվһֱϷ
ôôùѽءҺÿšô죬Ժô죿
Ů޵ģʮܡο˼תʣ𣿵Ϊʲô
һ£ּҵĵ˵ý˵ƽˣǸ
˵
֧һ£ּҵֻ˵ǼиѾ߻Ϸ밲С˵˵зԷ˵СڳϬǱ߾;òʡ
Է˭˵ģ˵ʲôڰͻȻðּҵŵһ
ҧҧּҵİСš;¼Ỻ˵ˣĩ˵ƽϷ˳ʫţǽǵ塣ԭ֪Щ£֪ˣ;óСľֹЩס
סһᣬ½еףʲôף˵˵ǵͨ죬Ѫ࣬ҪƵġ
˼ǣ˵ǼҲȢ̱ϱüլ
´סһ±ɷף촽ڶ
ŮЩԣٻæҡ¶¶㻺
ٽ˰Σڻ˻꣬ҽһٴη˰ֱ޵ƺƬڻ졣
˺ܾã޺޵ؽУģĸ쵰ȥ϶ȥ⺦ҡϴκұҧֺұܻ顭Ͻ뷨Ӱ˸ϳȥò
һץסĸףһѱһ״Ρ
ȦοŮþã¿ɤӣˣ޲ˡԸѾ߷Сطվת˼Ȧתʣ鵽ʲô˽𣿡
̣һСŵ¸˼֪ٻ԰¸ǡ˽֪ʷĸйʮ߰˸ѾߵļҲסǣүġ̫࣬˭֪һϹ˵أ
޺޵ˤһ豭˵ǲСѾͷɢҥԣ
룬ּҵĲС˵ԼˣõŮūŽţӲǱѹסһͷС㶪˰ɣ
һᣬޱƵϣòŷԸסʷģ˸үˡȫʮ

Ÿʲô
磬ּҷɿȥˡ
ټڰһƬˣΣ̫תת˼͢ȥ
ү󷢴һӾͰѸʮȫˣﶼüҽС˵Ϊƽڻ¡
ٻûȥϹ㵲ѡ
ڻ飿ΪΣ
Ҳúֻ֪֡ý˱ϳȥˣС޵ҡ
룬Ϲܼҡ
һּ̺ҵĽһһʮѽյһ顣꣬Ϲ´βʣ¶ĲţǶСŻظ
ǵģүǼ¸˶֪̫һŻش
Ƭ̣Ǽūأ
ܼһ㶡
ǽð죬¶ֻ˵ūȴ֪ءǴֳǽ
̺һֵضŵĸС˱ùǺһٰӰ꣬ȥϴˢͰɸĻ
ȻϹǣͷһ
㿴㣬ΪһҲǫðݡ¶С֣ʲô㻹͵ˡūŽţó
Ѷһʱץס˻ү˵öԡ¶ֻϲ֣Цͷ˶ѣһҲ£ֳЦװ״¶Ļ¡үС£ﾭɹƷ¶ڻ飬ٻ԰ֳǷǳ˽աүùܹѽ
̫ȻüѰ˼Ҫڰæȴ̧ۿ˿ҡͷȻת٣ҲҡʱװͰ͵ģ˭֪Цūŵİ·ýҲСţѵڸվţǸӶˣҵʱ㲻֪𣿿ʶʡҪֳɽգ
а㵱ңǽͷΪûܺãңǿһ䣬ȻϹ˵ҾǴС֡õĻû˵Ѱһ˼Ҿˣʲô
㣬㡭ͻ˵ү㿴Сֻˡ
ʵʵ˵ҵǶƷԱ¶ûȢ𣿿ѹǶˣøҹǿ¶Ц
Ϲ˵
ԣϹºʲô٣Ҳǲµģô̵¶ģ˺ˣĻµһ˵ɡǶǽð죬ֵȥ¡
 

110 Ļ

һٰҲûֵúáͷϹ°˰ѵһ٣ŮŸˡ
߳͢ǿݵıӰЦһﻹ
ԣŭת˵ǲɵĻ£ɢҥԻã
÷ǸǺ¡
ţ
ҪѡŮûʮ꣬ǡÿԲѡĸ˼ܱȵϵۻʼҵԹأ˳ɻڴɾͺպˡһ˵꣬ǿˡ
ںڰٷ
ͬʱ̫ͷϹ±Ŀ£ĥһ¾裬үˣȱ衣

ˡҸ磿߹ż硣
Ƭ̣Ϲ²衣
Ʒһᣬ̫״үһῴҲ˳ۣ˿ҵķ
ԣϹ¿һۣ˵ǶͶ
̫ЦǰС͹һΣһһӹɣøүԹ֡˵Сȶöˣٶ񡣡
ү㻹ѽСֻż㶷ĸûЩëƤأͱˡ
Ŀ⣬Ϲ˼Ƭ̲˵ߡ£һһ¶ùǶǳˡ
̫۲ɫȰҾýСûϵֳȥԼ˵СȷʵִЩԽҲܵ˵䡣˶ӵģǳдԱ۾ء
ǰ¶ҲǸµģϹ¡
ˣŮǽ⶷ǿ˵ѽ깬ѡŮС빬ˡǽñ˴Ӧû׼ܶùЩݺݺࡣ˼һ£̫⡣
գϹȥϳ̫ڷ˼Ƭ̱ǲȥ佻
԰̫Ϲµ̬˵꣬Щĵ˵Ҿүǻ˵ƺƺʲô
ǸˣЩ¼йϵῴġ
㣬׼ô죿
ҵǸ׵ˡʱ˿Щ¶ûֵϣôöġ˵ˣһҲţԼҽġûм׷δظˣȻ¶ûϣ޸ƽͷˡ
˼һ£̫ͷʣաǼ˴ǸݾЩˡ
ɽ𻢡ǴҿġһӣΪСɢҥԣҺθɣߣڰٻ԰óײүүԸϳȥģǼ¸ĸҶ֪õȥ˵
˵ֻҪҶͳɡ˵ҵ㡣ﳳֻΪ衣ķִҪԼ󡣡ֽ˼䣬ȥ
ͤ⣬һ硣
С㣬ʱ仨԰ﰲ
ҪγôĿһᷢݵرңЩǿ϶סġ
ǡ
ذɡ߳һӸȥСá
ĸŮβģƽĻ»ûġѹֱϷߺޣ²ˣŸÿҽҩæòֺ֪СûϣˣĵѾǸʧޱȡ
û²Ǽڸϰ֣ʱڻ԰ﴵżȥСáĸģҧ飬ıҲʱ޴ʹֻ޿κεظɵۡ
գ۾͵˶³ߣһȥˣʱûйǡ
Ҵլ¡üڵϣ͸Ҳҵİɫ
磬磬ôˣ
˺ü¡Ż񣬿Цӣѩϼ˪ͷ֪Ǽҵùʹӡ˽һ£Ӳǽ費ǮǰգֻùܼҰӵѺȥǣѹѹǰһ࣬һֻ˲򡣰ھԭʮӣһֻʣ
ԭĻʲֱ߷ȥһʱֻò̾һᣬ¡ЩΡΡծǺܿҪţȳȥӦ
ֱ䣬ծˡ
ĳԷ¡ŷ
̾һֻðο˼䡣
ҡҡͷ¡ʣ˵¶ƽʱ
һ࣬ٺ޺޵áǣѻڻ˳
û뵽ᷢ£¡ãĿһݣӣûᣬҲɵѽǾķӰڲȥ½СûʲôۣƭֻҪº군ˣǸѾͷʲô
 

111 ø

Ŵ½Ҷµ֮ʣַǷ
һŮգ뾩ĹСμ硣ϽǻӪģȻʶĹӣһʹͬμᣬɢɢġ
԰࣬Ůһȴмбۿ˽ʱЦоĿ⣬âڱ̲סʣλ㣬˵ʲôأ
˵ƽԭҪǼģͻȻˣ

ˡѽÿšһŮˣ쿪
ǰһҲʺƽ۹⣬ڻǶԵġ
˱˵ˡ˼۾ˡءŮֻ࣬سЦ
һ£̶¾ǺϹ˵ʲô
˭Ϲ˵ߣ˵˼Ҳű֮ġ
ǣ㿴Ǹ׺ģװͰ͡
һһ˵𾢣ȴԽԽСĸ׽ݣѧýİֺͣŭͷץһֻ˹ȥסڣ˶סڣ

ˣ˵ĿⲻԼͬ
ߣ̫ˡ˵ǵģθɣȻõǣһŮСıҵţһֱ⡣
ˣסڣ
˭ŮӲʡ͵ĵƣʱüһĿһ䡣
û뵽µϽһæסã˵λС㣬ʧˣʧˣ֡
ߣԼˡҿɲǼҵѾ߿Ǹ
ΣϽֻûͷã¶ôô£Ǹ
Ǹ𱬵Ƣڻһ±ƣһ䣬պŭҲѹסÿǺ߷ߵһŭĿӣңƾʲôǸˣˣҾ㣡ǣһǺ꾫ɧƾʲôЦң
˲˺ﲻݣһ¾ͰиĹŮˣƽ׵˼
˵ʲô
̫ˣһҵģ
ûн
һ浹УϽͬľٶŵһ˲ÿõˣһһس˵ʲôסڣסڡˣС㲡ˣͻظ
ŴѾ߻˻꣬æϴקȥȻϽͷ󺹵ⲻǡû˵һٲμᣬҴҸǡ
δϢͱһֱŸҸ߷֪ˡЦǰϣЦ˺һųŪҵ鷳Ϣɢȥ˵Ů̱󶾣ȻáҹŮǼˣܲϴֺ
ٻظʱϽڸ˺ݵºƵʧķһָŸֽһø
ٵ֪ԭί˵
ֵòɿּҵļҴҶ̣үȥСүС㡣
ʲô£
̣²֪ôűү֪ˡ˵洫÷зүӵء
ţֹ˶ŮһŴҴҴ鷿ȥ
鷿ϽڸĿֻ֧֧ϯһĻ˵һ飬ȴٴη˷衣
Ҹ˵ңЩҵġǼЦҼ޲ȥ˵һñڻ顭ҪΪŮֻֻǾЩˣˡ
סڣסڣ֪ۡ涼ˣ˻֪ڸģǸ䱾㿴Ǹӣøһаׯ٣ܺŮǳ͹ҡ
󾪣ٸæŮ˵û
ȥ
ٻŮˣϹֱմŻܼҾʹҴ־磬֪Ůͥˣŭ½֪ըˡ
ĿãϹ²ŷԸܼң٣ϺȥոļҵǸŮǳ鷳ԼǮ׼ùеӡ
Ｆɹεű˽佻Цü
Ȼ£̫˰ɡ
Ǵͷԣ޳Դ洫ˣôӵۡӰеؿһֻȣɫһ飬˵ҰծǶˣӣ֮ǰģѾʧӣһׯ԰ׯӡʱҷ˶㣬ܣܵܡ
Ŷ̶һֱԺɣ
ڡ
Ӱ͸ŸҶЩӹڸȥҲܳȥ
 

112 

˺üղǿ̵ͣѾ߱˺ü·Ҳ˺˺üŸＦɹ޲ЦõǸֻ
־úܶ˲Ŀƽ֪ҡ
գڰһ˼ҵ͵ˡƣߵػصϷ˺һᣬʣ¶ô
С찲ˣ˵ͷ裬Ѿ˴
ձۣ̾һǸµģԶˡ
״Ҧֳ԰ο
Ȱο䣬ܼƽ̣ү˵ӵֵ÷зҵֱСȥˡУ¾ҪѡŮүԸСȥ˱µۣҲС컯

ְˡ
ƽãٲŻعүôͻȻ¶빬
û˻شڵѾ޲ס
ͬʱ̫ڷϹ£һʣүС빬
ʲôòõġֳӣһյ˼ҸȢţͷԣ֪νԭڻ£ƽģǼҿ϶ظллˡøֱǸøۡ
ŭ̫תתȰˣСֻСЩ
ߡЩŮһʡģǶҲһл̻ʵۣƫʲôõģϹһ˵ֻ¡
̫תѣСڹС빬бҪ𣿡
ͲˡֻҪѡڸĴѡᡣµĻǶСλˣѡϣлġһ¶ûϣ޸Թˣ޸Ѱٻ£޸塣
ٴδ˸ͻ̫⡣
ҹϹȥ̫
佻ĵ£̫Ļ˿ԵЩź;㵵ۣ̾һﲻҪԾˡҵˡڻ֣һ껹лѡŻ൱˼ҵģýᣬ޲ĿȻûлЩԹ˼ңҲ޷ΪԡԸΪ檣лỻȡһЩ롣
ǣСϾŮǺܶ£ǶƷ٣ѡǰ;ƷƷŮûʲôõġЩǸ檳ȺŮʮЩʮ裿ҿСûʲôġ
ҡͷô롭ôġùֻкô
ѽһ£̫˵Ҹĵǡأү˼ģ㲻ȥ̻ʵۡ˸ܲһϡС㣬ֻǿεģ⡣
Ȼ̫ѣζЦЦ֪
̫ڵ³
ƽڻƵģ̶ֵȷʵЩ⣬Ǹ׵̬ȡ
һ̣ĿԡȨλʲôҪŮǳ룬˭ύ˭ףҪȨ⣬Ĳѡ
ȥǰǶŵһ㣬㵽֪֪ˣƤѻǡ
ڵ¶һ˯š
Ů빬۳ϲϣ꿴֪Ůڹﲢó衣ԷŮƣ½һһЩഺΡڻʵ۵ǵıڶݵûֻһգ裬ǰ׵ģ
ֻжŮһӣŮѾ˹ȻϣŮߣʱиǡ
ڷۺܾãݺץס⸮Ӷ̫̫ڣ˶˶Ǯƣ̵ܿĵλϣԼһġ
ܾã޺޵ҧгݣСѾͷˡȷʵö࣬ǰǵùܱܵסλ룡
ֱأ֪¼һһĻ¶ǵ֤ݡ
ãҦַԸ˸ﴫ˵Ҫý̽
һպ󣬹깬ŮԷ΢ü˼òʺжȥ
ĸ׺þòˣ빬̽ǲԣǡܵиͷɣ
빬һֱõչˣڹĸòЯأТҲֲﾡġǫ˵꣬óǶ֦ҡǳ檵һ⣬պֻտ
˵ʺЦЦǸТĵġˣʹơ
 

113 ʼ

ʮ˸硣ױһĸŮϳȥ
Ǹ뿪ۡãܽ佻󣺡С㣬̴Сȥˡ˵ƺСѡ
Ѵһ˵꣬΢΢ü˼Ƭ̲˵ҿǲãȥұүһԺȥ
ˣǶԷվãֱ߹
С㣬Ҿö̽϶ҶС취ġǻ᲻ᴮͨ㲻
Ŀ䣬ġ
ҪСĵ㡣
Ƭ̣ǲ̣⣬ʳҪЩ׵ĶҪԣͷ㡣
һͷ
˵ǻš
ǰΪжôⶾӰб޻
˼ţˡ
С㣬үˡ
ݸ̣ǳˡԸϢɡ
ǽԺȥĸŮ˻
ǰؼѯƷ£ʱûɵήģֲ⡣ŮϲǲҾʣ¶ôһͷɥ
ˣĵܵǶùءٱܼɣٰǻظڲƭԼ˰;óٵϽץ׸ԪʧֳƷծ׷֣ƽڻ飬½׮׮һϸְϹŮѡ˵ˡ
Щ»֪۶ֱ
羲ţɫ
ȵĸȦ˵꣬ŵʣЩ¶ҽʹ
˭£˾ˣܵܣöùҪһѽ˺꾫ûʱǹúúõġ
ĸҧгݵģ˳Ŀ⣬Цһ㳤ˡǰġ
һ䣬תʣ¶𣿡
㵣룬ҡͷ
ӹһ˿ӣߵǰվòŻͷ˵붷Ͷɡ㲻õģĴġ˿̵ʲô˵ûֻšô󡣡
áʲôһɵʡ
ûشãЩζЦЦи˳Ȱ֦ҶٳɡһµġӸôߵ֣ĵūšһһɱԶϾĶĿȻѰС
һü꾫
ǹҡֻҪɫһˣͻи׳нҪ͵пɽǵ̣㣬ѵҽ㣿ҪˣҪʱôЩ
񶾵ؽţŵߣͷҽ½Ҷľλ˾˵öԣ½Ҷ군ˣͲй˼ɡһûõĳŮļֵֺñ˵ĳ룬ֺ˭Ϳ˭𣿡
̧ͷŮĹ⣬پĪش˸
Ϲڼʲôã̱꣬£ɵôñͨǶԶ
ԣҪ½Ҷ
ԡھǼ֦ҶԸСǳ½Ҷ
ͷ˺һ᲻ôˣʣЩС쵰ڸǱߡȥݼƺƲǼҡ
Цһ½ҶƺƽĶǮ¿йڰɣ
԰˵֮ǰ˼Ҵˡ
ȥ߱磬ȹˣ˾˼ֻҪúð¾Сһ跨
Ů˳أٶپɲ٣Ǵסġ
Žɵı²ʣ㣬㼸ʱô
ᳰһ£ã֪⹬ѽѪȾţ԰ĺ֪ŶʬˮѪġ
ģ͸Źɭζʶ˸
ת˿ãһ굽ͷ֪жϢȥɱԶǵᡣʤҪ̤ʧߵʬģɡ

ѡ°յ˵ȥ죬ѡѡϡԻšõļ磬̾ط˲¹ͷ㲻˼Ҿͳ㡣
ããлл㡣Ҳ빬롣±ŵòᣬм״Ρ
ĸ׺ãͥУɫĪ
ֻС߸£һǵճһһעһһԣСʹԼĽ㣬ΪԼʹġ
 

114 Ժ

ĸŮʼ֮ʱǽ˾ԺԺռعѧᣬһԺ乩ѧ߾ס
볯ΪֹŮƶȵȺӣΪšԺѧﲻʱŮǰѧҪıܻ䡣ǰǵĸ½ѩǰԺԹʫĻʱʶϹ¡
Ϲ³ţдһֺ֣ʫǸ̸ͨ²ףмأҲŶν湫ӡ½ѩС˸ֵȴŷ˹ʿӺܸȤ˽Ե֡
磬ѩδˡԺĺɺʹ䣬ѧֻţһ١
ԸȥվסŻƬ̣̲סԼĸĸĪ̾һ²ſĴ½ҶҶ𣿡
û
ѽ˱飬鶼
˭˵ģҵ鷿кö飬ʷġ顢ξʱҪҪʲôʧöأ˵ˣֲŪīЩʫǸҴʤ𣿡
½Ҷһдʣ㣬˵ð̰ᵽǸȥסҽգԺ۸ܰ˴˷Ǯ
ĻµȻβ㿴㣬ëçײҿ㣬ʮ꣬Ǻˡզզġ˾ʮͽЧʮεͷͳ졣أúŬ˵󻰡
˸ۣ½ҶΪûᡣҵǣҲȻʵҵȻƸɵġᣬ϶ҲС
ǵ游жӶŮɳŮزۣ游Ϊĸ˹һֻʣ½½ѩá½ĴȻʵİȻʶԴ½мֳտ׵ܵζͲܻƽάмˡ
½ҶѹʵĲƣǼֺЦ㵹㡭û˵꣬иϲСǡ
һ㶣ǻͷһԶվˣΪ׵̩ܲ
벻⣬ǰԳһתһ룬߹ȥ񣺡ݼ¡ôԺˣ
Ǻǡٸǰ¾һ¡
ٸˣ
ǰ˵ٸ˻ŮˣǼʶһ¸ѧӡ
ԭˡһٸѧȴΡ˵ʮˣǽѧ͡
ԡô⣿
һЦҵܵܲǰ飬
÷һռ꣬ܲЩ棺ܵܵ飿Ϊβڸڣ
ԭġһ˶ҵҲþԺǸõط
Ϲ£ܲԾ£üһЦǾˡ뿪аʱɢɢɣһٹȥ١
Ҷ߰ɡ֪ĵΣܲк½Ҷһʡ
½Ҷش𣺡£ҵĵ϶ȲĻ
ǫˡƷ絶ھм޵֣ѧ˼ɣ
߳ɡ
ܲ㵽ŷҲģǿдһ¡˿ͳŷܲЦ
һ۽㣬ǡ
һߣ;㿴ѧӡԺڶ࣬ע⵽ҲΪ⣬ֻǿԼǣ̲ס࿴˼ۡ
Ƭ̣ͼ·Ͻ̴ӭ˳
ͱ磬Ŀ¶ϲٿֳܲһ󷽷йϽ̾˵û뵽ҲԺٸǰĽѧ˺ܶ࣬ȹȥɣ
ạ́Ϥ·ɡ
롣
Ͻǰ档ŵܵܵıӰϲһ׹ˣϽ̳ɳ˲٣ѧ˳סѧ˹۲죬ͬǰǰ¶ˡ
˲ԶԽ½ҶԸ¸Ͻȥλܲ˿ԽԽѧӣٿǣСǣ㻹ǵõ˵ĵһֱܰЩֻ㾭ȥ
С¥΢Цһ£ºѧڻһֱõȻʵ͡Ҳ⣬Ϊε²볯ΪȻʷأ
𸸻ʣܲĿ΢Ĭһ˲ԳۻʼҲͬѰգʱλֶڳͶᣬڸǰ֡ҲЩ£ͷΪʷǡ
һҹĲң̲ס˵ТȻʱض֪ġྩһ˲һֵͷǵԺ˶٣ԭҪ˵Ļתʣ֪ȻʴУ¼ʱģ
ҡͷּ˵ǽ壬Ըҵ򡣡
΢⣬Ŀ¶˼
 

115 ˭

˼˵Ͻ˻£ǰѾ׵ߡ
ʱ뽲̨ܽһָӵελ֣ܵܲúȤʣСǣǰ𣿡
ʮǸؼҽġ
Ŷһؼң
һ˿׷䣬Ƕ˶ٲŻش𣺡򱱽Ҿ˾ֿѣŮ곤꣬Ǿͬ׽ǰ㡭ʱ⣬ֻԵɬӿϺ䣬΢Ȧ˵
ܲ΢̶Ĭ
֪˵𾪳Ұİ֮սһ꣬ѩչѹĸʮǣֱ˱򰲱ǡǶش뱱Ҫ壬һ䣬忤տصľ
Զ󽫾½򱱽ּս£ѩչ밲¡½ǰնɱѩչԪ˧˲Ρʲյ룬ѳļСΪʧڰԱ꼰ѡսʤսʿ𳬹򣬸λѳ߳ʮˣνʤ
ȻΪǾ˹ᣬ̫ӷ飬ٹپТ·½׷ºԺӸ֮ʾȻΰ٣ȥվٻ
Ĭ֮̾ܲ䡣
½︰ǰͳϽ˾ھǣǳһֽ֡û˾ĳԮͳӧ̫ǲ߱λġ
ǣû
ԳĬ˺һᣬܲο˵ѹˡҶˣ˾˺ˡ
һ£סҶãӼ꣬պչһ
Ǳ㲻õĵġοţܲע⵽ŵѩã̲סһëޣСǣúرôףһëûС
£ã빫͵ġ
üܲĪЩʣٿŵЩ죬ʣֻƺ
һ빫͵ġ
Է°ۣ˵ϧˡԭһëøģ˭֪˵ûвëá
ô˵ݸתʮָмصġֲëʮְ󣬲Ҵ
Цܲɵ÷Ƭ̣Ц𣺡вʵġһһܺÿ·㡣
ʱһ죬оһתĿȥֻһλ뷢߰׵߻Ͻ̨
ǵٸϹٷսڵǷ֮Ҫ
ý꣬ٴۣ̾ܲ΢΢£ü˼ţֱڶ߽
£
عһ㶣̧ͷԼƺܾ棬Цôˣ
񣬿ˡѧٹ롣
Ŷע⵽վŵһѧ٣ܲ΢Цк£
һ˲ػش𣺡֪̩¼٣ʧӭˡٸ˿ǲǰ롣
ϹٷǸɣڳмȲ⵳Ҳƫֻ֪ǲʧܲͷáȻ˵Сǣˡȥһ£һһ緹ɡ
ܵܵǰ;ǵͷԱ㣬Ҹų̶ܹ䡣
Լ˵ע⵽ܸܵŶ侲Ŀܲȥ½Ҷסʣ㣬ϲ
һǰһۣ˵ֻǾʶʲôϲϲġ
ۣ⣬ûȥɿ͵ؾʧԣ½Ҷסת˸䣬Ҿã㲻
мֹŹ֣ǲɵʣôͻȻ˵
ʼ磬Ҿã书ãǮСе񡭡ڡĥţ½Ҷ̲סû̽㡣
һ㶣ӹһĨʹʵ㻹ǵ
ȻҷĳһҪӮ۸С½Ҷ˸Сѡ

û˵ʲôϽͻȻԴ˸СС磬˵òԡɳţҵͬġʵܾáҴûȢףǴ壬Ʒ٣ة϶⡣һԼ˵꣬Ͻ̲ŷ˲ԼͬصԼĿⲻơ
ףǵΪΣ
ۡ
˵˵
ͬ֡
̯̯֣Ͻֲ⣬ҡֻ˵Ǹѡ
벻ܵĥֵϹĥʲôأСëӲúö顭
ʱ½Ҷ㣬ˡ
סתȥܲ߻߸żˣһɣһܾͬеһŮ
 

116 һ׮永

ǣܾĿ¶ϲһϲ̶һܲһֹܾǶŮ˿ǽˣ˴˿һۣһʺ򣺡ϹšϹ룬ˡ
ǽ˸æ񣬻ͨ
ʺܲ˵Ȼһ緹ɡڳϣҲؾ񡣡
үڣ˻᲻ӣ˺ܿܲȥܾʮȻߵߣЦʣϹҲٸ˽ѧ
ع΢ЦҵܵԺ飬û뵽ү˵ٸ˽ѧ˽ղֵ𣿡
ʼ磬ȥţ˵ٸԺΣҾˡ
ûڽ󡣡
ȥݼٸˣ͸ŶŮһڽ̨š
ؿ˿ٿϹţ̲סת˼
˵Ϲٹʮˣ͡
ѵ
¡ƷղŻԳڣЩ˵ǿöࡣ
תʵҶҲܺãң壿
ɵСӲ֪ʲôš
˼䣬ͻȻһУֻűߡ
ŵһգۼͻ˻꣬ٶסŲȴһŲȵԼȹһ˲һ˫ַסһͳ𣺡û°ɣ
ס̧ͷͶһ˫۾Ц
Ծغ˺ش𣺡û¡ɡ
ܹȥˣ¡
Ц⣬סͻȻ뵽ʲôɵúݺһۣյ빫׽ģ
ЦһУҿűȥ㡣

ʱͬͣסŲܾعһסɵֱۣɣ̫ûòˡ֡
νɿǵ֣תһܾôΪΣֲǵˡ
ߡֹˣ⾪Ϲôû
Ц··Ļῴ󣿡
һܾһת˺Ϲɡ
ˡ˿Ȼ䣬ѹôܳסڶֲ䡣
ִＫˣæȰǱˣʲôóġ
ٴһܾݺݵһɣϹŻġ߰ɣүߵǰˡүȣá
һۣ֪ǹ׽ŪԼһʱֲоۻգɴܾˡ
ǲԼƣܾαӡٲϣͻȻƳһŻӰӽű߻һһֻһңڻݱߣƺЩκ
һת߷һʯӡ
֨
жڽУʶһͷ壬ٴŵһɪһ²ü빫ӣ
㿴ʲܹȥˣ㿴𣿡
֨֨ҽеܾƿԡһ¾ŭġ׽󣬿ó
ЦһֻǸ㣬ûġΪ͢٣ƷȣЩ²ܶϡ
Ļµܾüë
״ǲЦǿάŶׯ빫ӣˡɡ
ɰŵǰܲǲˣͣͷһ˻
ɣʲô
༸˵ͷˣɸɴ󣬡ʲٸ˵ҷ֮Ҫһؼʵְ˾ܶϡղż˵ʱûûǡ׽֤ݡ
⼷ңܾ̲סҧ
½ҶЦתͷͰǻļеģ˻١
ûںʱ൱ټԲ˵˵˵дĥһ£Ͻػص֧ܾ
ܲѰ˼˵ʲô
ڽһ㶣ͷһλվ⣬һϹٷһλةκ
ݼ̩¡
ة񡣡
κˡ
ѧݼʦ
ʺѱϣκһеٿԼѧ΢΢һЦʲ빫ӵ˵ʵܾɣҪЩ²Գ̰֮ˡ
£üܲʣةԺν⣿
ү֪ǰһ׮永ΪкΡļ˾֣ɲȥִֻһҷۡʱΪǻҳɻҳɱأ֪Ǳġ¶һֻǻҷǺϵġ
к
ǺɲԼͬؾʡ
˾棬κ΢ЦȷʵǸк˰ͼ̲ľ
 

117 ɾ

΢ɼ£üһԥʣ֪ة˵永ںʱ
ʱȻʵǻãԼԪǰ󡣡
ʣĿ΢
ǿ˿ȴ˳
ǰ󲡵ڳѯʴʱ߿ЩɢϸĩɫʱΪǻҳ
ѵǵۣ
У䡣
㣬ôˣˣȥ緹
عǿһ۵ܵܣʱ׿˼
˺ܿ뿪ԺԶǳһʢʳ¥ȫྩ
ȻϹٽܸ˲ϤһٷǳԵʮֿġϯ䣬Ͻ̰Ժ˵˵˵Щصоٸɫ󼷶ܾԶԣȴЦ
ŻգǿܵܣٿɣĪǰ
ʱܵܲзϣɥԼأϱˣ£ֱ½Ҷȥס޹ȳޣɱһǼûнģƴ˿һ̸Ц̡
ȦЩ죬Ƭ̣͵ظ
ĻǣΪӪн˰˵ۡǰ·ϲ⣬ЫӣҲвУξ֮У
Թ緹ܲ²һȥ߷С̻ʱܲǻظ
΢ܣݹأ˲׵һɣ빫ƺУ빫һ̣
ðЦ˵үظ߷Ʒһյɡ
⡣£һ·ɢȥٻƷ衣ץסᣬܲͷͬ⡣״ܾһ˼˵£ϹȻظҲ˳·һ߰ɡ
Ҫǲ׮永һûپܾ
һԿˣ½Ҷ̲סҡͷϽȴܲ˼ʲô
½Ҷ͵ܻܵԺﷵء
ԺǰϽס½Ҷ˵磬ÿȥҽ㣬̩ߵôá
΢½Ҷת˿ΪΣ
ҽϵĵܵԺһ顣ңǰ٣֪һЩϵ¡˵»ʵǻ̩꣬ûлؾġͻȻض¡ѹ˼˵ʵ۲Լĵܵܣ̩Ͳھǡһ£ҽߵýױǣ
Ͻ̴߽Ժ½Ҷվԭ˼š
ͻȻ뵽ˡڡó̩ߵúܽΪأ˼ãһ󵨵Ĳ²⻮Ժ½Ҷ˲˸
ͬһʱ̣޵ı»ص˸ǰһ·̸ûܾദΪ
վסţǵл˶ٲ˵ˣм¿ɷæ
һܾϲ˵
ة˵׮ңȤ뿴Ǹڵļء֪̲֮ˣ
΢⣬ܾתһ͵ͷֻǿһ¾ɰľڣǴ¡壬ʦ
ܲú֣СǣֺȤ
أҡ֪ʲô
Ŷܲ˵ʲôȻһ䡣ؿһɣ룬ٶԡ
ǽ˸ţ˱˴˿ͻȻڵˣǾҲȤνһ²õںһۡ
˵£ܾһ㶣תЦһ빫Ӳƴ֣ǰﲻæġ
˵ΪٹӲЮ˽ɿǼ󡣡
󣿱һṫ˽ֶա
˴Բӡô˵֤ݣ˵˵ȴֻܶϡ
㵣һ룬ܾʱŭ֤ݣ˵
ү֤һǰܸ߷ƷǰѲ飬һֻ̥ɹǲֵ̨̨һǧ߰ƽ黹ҲǮ߷԰׸һֱûץе֮ӡʲҿܹӲ˵ûУ׽һֻǰбӶ참Ҳɼ˵ĹͻﶼװġɲŲæؾ֤
û뵽дʣܾȻ
ˣܲЦѣԲɣ⻰˵òԡ˲ְصˡץɣ˵裿
һɣлүֹ
̨͸ˣù黹ֺʮϡ棬˰ѾڽҿˡУɣ׬ùģҪ˰
Ȼ̩˿ڣܾûм̧ܣʹӦһѾ
 

118 

ص߷ܲʣɣΪܾ
̯̯֣£˫ɡҼ϶Բʩ϶øСֶƾ׸ֻǹܹΰõúþ֮ЧҲ˽񡣡
ܲȻ˵ǹģ
԰ҳǡʿһȻԵá
ĥһ£ܲЩЦãʣҪǸΪΣ
ΪҲ鵽ӦԪͳ֮ǰҽǸкոǿ˵Ի˶ҲܸкʱǨӲͣ˵ҪǣȻʵĲͻȻǰҲкһʱա
ͰΣܲ͵ץסɵֱۣ㣬˵ҸҲ¶
ɵͷЩް߼׷ʱ⡣ȻةһǡϹԺȤҾ˳һ䡣
Ȼܲݺһӣ쵰ǸĻ쵰ѵֺǻʵ˷ŵģ
ЩֶĪ⣬ʤȲҪļЩʱվȥԺǼԱʱҲύһҪ⡣
ãͷ
ܲվų˼˺һȥķǡ⣬ķǾȵüʣк
ԡʦ֣˵ֺ𣿡
һֺڣֻڳһȦɫ̵ϵĻҷۿƻۣƻҳףʱΣһӴƤ뼡ֻҪһ㡭
ͻȻ˵ˣɴߴٵʦ֣Ϊӣ
һᣬķ͵һ֣ѵڴ˵õѩ֥̫ˣ
ʦ֣
Ŷҷʵûжġ̵ֻҪʳѩ֥Ա˴˳ͻҷ۾ͻתһվ֢״ǿ׳߶ʮյһ²ŻᷢǸккʱʱϰµһ»ݺתٴηҩɽ⡣
һҩͻز飬ø졣ķǲ
£üôǺѵã
̵һǧ߰һϿϱ߾çֺ;޺ǺչҹѱмҲ׽ףѱΪĹʦΪѩ֥Ѱɵõġ̾һķ˵ɣҪˡǸܵõ̵ѩֶ֥λΪĸ
΢ݣΣͷ
֪ķ˵˭
֮ͬĵ֮һԭνͳӧ»ʵǻͳ죬óšϹ²ͬ㰢ʸ߱ȱȽǣȴᵳ泯֣۽ƻŮլƺȱȱݻ¸߲Ŷ롣ˣĪ⡣ɻټҲ̽λͳĵϸ
ɽһ׮永ȴƺҿһɴ
˼˺һᣬʣʦֻ֣㶪ģ
԰ô֪ģ
ǻұɡϴһӣҿһ£էȥ󣬵ëɫ˵ʵ󡣡
Ц˺һ󣬡ʦܣҪлҡҲֻұ㣬㻹Դؼܾʵܾ˵öԣǶ磬Żġ
Ʋ죬ɼģ˵лʦ֡
߷ʦֵܶԴվڳķ
С㣬ôˣ
˵𡣳̣հ¥ĴɴȫµġԼǮһ䡣
ҪģôСķ졣
УһҪѷϡ׮永ǰƻҳͷЩ䡣㲻֪ǺʲôҲ³ƹƳһ
ҹʱ֣Ӱˡ
һǾͰѺ˵ˡ꣬Ӱ㵲ѣü˼ûֻ˵Եȣȥʡ
һʱ󣬷ӰݳһֻͲͲһƣָͨ巺ϣܵͲ۶ɢƺһ˿
¥УԲٲ治ԲʲôֹƳ涼ЧҪ򿪡
ӹ˿ͲϵһȦϸۣû׷ʴΪΣͷл
ͬһʱֻ̣Ҧڷ̡ٸߵıѰ˼ž˵˵佻˳󣬾ԴСġū澼̽һװɵ㶵ӣֻ򲻵á
Ѿͷ񳤽ˡǿˡҸ˰ɡ
̣ū澾ãС㲻᲻ǵġִֻڮٵĻᡣ
΢Ŀһ˼βŵͷԸԻһ˼ңҸѰһķӣºۼ
 

119 

ʮ壬Ƶᣬ΢ůʱƽ빬̫밲̻˰ʱŸ˳еòԶͼǰĲŮӣźɫװ硣
ƽȻ߹ʺ
һ£ƽż˭̲ػһ䣺ԭǻ
òɺã
á
֪ӵ˺𣿡ش˵ǰЩɱ½Ҷˣ˵òذɣһС
ʲôƽĿ΢Ƭ̾ʣиģǺιϵ
ǳ檵ı֡
ŶǰΪΣƽǸģúͲóӣֱʡ
֪ϣ½ҶϮ𣿡
ϮϮҺθɣ
޵Цһ£˵½°ڼ½ҶĶӡ
ٿȻݺݵ硣
ƺû׺ݵĿ⣬ЦЦЩںЩġ檵ľ˾ԸΪǣεͷǸ̡
һᣬк󣿡
ƷƷҾ˾ֻܵõչˡ
Ƭ̣˵
δʱ󣬹ĹܼҽҴլ빫£ͽ񣬰ٻ԰ݼٵչ׼ƣ·ѾĻס˶ƽߡ
߹ܼң¡鸮ȥ
ĶĿһݡ
磬εжһжġǡСһȥ˾Ժ飬ҾͲˣ½Ҷܲܵ
ܿ죬Ͻˡͷٴξۼһı
ı֮ʣ½Ҷܾ鸮С¥ȴƬ̣ˡ
ϹǾɰľڡΪ¹̰Բ¡
΢ЦŵлǽӹϸĿһͼϣһ·עС̵֣ϵĻҷж״縹к޽֮עһͼΣЩƻҳķĩ
΢ǲԾץסһҳ
ǰļ䣬ȷˣԼʱĲǻҳǺϵĻҷۡ
޽֮
Сˣ
ҧгһᣬǺòססƬֿ飬ʣˣⰸʵ档Ϊûм¶أ
һ㶣ܾӹϸһ飬ҡͷ˵ȷʵܹ֡¶ֶξûмء£˵û¶ֶΣܽ᰸
ýľٶ͸Σ½ҶҲչһ飬ת˵ǲǱԵˣ
½ҶϹ°ܾһٴΰѾڷֿһ飬½˵ĶҲԡǸȻжͺȴû¶¶ߺˡ
žڷľɾ˵˱ˡİӲ鲻ֵġͷһˡ
ԣܾɵʣϹΪζȤ
ѵܱ̿۶
εֹһ䣬Ц𣺡ھ˾˼ҿǡһʱ档
ܾǵ̬ЩŹ֣ܾû׷ʡ½ҶȴƲ죬ΪûСǡ
ܾ½ҶǴ佻󷵻ءŸϽߵ¡͵ضסŲ
㿴
һϽתͷһͼһǰһӰšⲻѣԸ˽ǰСһʣüѡ
˾ˣܾҽ㡭½Ҷҽ㡣Ǽʱϵģ
ھ׸εЩӣֱֳ¡޺޵ܾͨˣѹǼôùǵ׸֣֮ǰҪġ
һۣ˵ͷݶȥ
˼µı½ҶѾܾߵϡ
˲ţ
̩Ҳ˵뿴ʲôһҪþȥһ
Ͻ̵ѣ½Ҷ˼һ£Ҳȥ
֪Ϊθܾûзԡһ·ͬУܾòشϸǵ£½Ҷת˼شð١תһֽǣ½ҶͷһͼңվڲԶЦӯӯ
дǷţ½Ҷ˶ٽŲ˵á
߹ң󷽷ʺܾʣȥģôСǽ㣿
ҽڸҪȥ̩
ɫĮңЩƣתתͷ˵ʮֻұ󣬾˵ĲܺóԣҲСȤ͸㼸ֻ
ұ󣿡
ԡëˣȥիƳģࡣ
½Ҷû𻰣ܾȴüի벻Զȥ
ի˲٣ϡҲ١һֻǰվܾͷϸһʣұǮ
Ц𣺡һһֻ
 

120 

ʱܾ½Ҷ̩øңվ˰βȥ
ܾݳڣȻһֻұʣү㿴𣿡
˿ǰ
ǵһԺ빫Ӿץһֵֻ󡣻˵ģǺɫ
ٴο˼ۣܲƬ̣ͷԡ˵ģֻüһģһ˵꣬Цʣ˻ǵ׽ģǻֻ˵˵ѡ
үǻұիۣһֻһӡ
ܲһ
һֱֻ֨֨е½Ҷ̲סЦˣֻǿЦȥ˻ұԺȴСѣ빫ҲΪ󡣡Ž㣬˵û
ߣѻұװӣܾ쵰֪ǹģ˭֪Ӻδóһֻұð䣬Լ²̨
ɵġܲкЦתٿڣɴڳһֱԵģ
ɣһȥһ߷ɱһ¡û׼Ϊ󡣡
߷ָܲ˵㿴˽׽һֻ󡣡
һӣϲ󣿿ϧˣҸðֻ͸㡣
ú׽ǲһ
ֿһӣɷнµصͷ˵ģѿúܡҾǿϹű˻
һڣܾﲻţװҿֻԼķٹóŻϹ
ģŻüëһȴһط
ǳܲ΢ʣ󣿡
ǰ
ҡͷˣ㿴ɲ֪ʲô
Ŷɹüʲô
ǻұһһֻ˵ܺóԡԲһ䣬ܲ˵˱ˡǸ㿪ЦġȻֶܺóԣһ𱥱ڸɡ
˱ʾܲعŷŷȥʮֻұҸӣǽ߷ıس⡣ĩ˵ˡҶǶһɡ
ܾǲ޹ģ˿ܲûмҲԾϢġܿ˽˻£ȻȻǾڡ
û˵˵ĿⲻԼͬɵϡɫأܾ¾档ܲŸʣҧ½Ҷȴͬһ棬ĬĬ⡣
˺һᣬ̧ͷʣˣҾú֣ɼסСׯֻǸѰĲҩˣΪӻᾪ̲˵㱨ҲǾ׸Ŷԡ
ܾһ㶡
ֵǣ˭ߵأȻһҩ˵þة˵ġ
ûЩܾ˼һ¾ʣΪ˹ģ
һЦ߷챦⣬ҶŹ¶ܸȤҡͣһ£ȻưԴھǸδزٴ˹Ͻΰονشһ¡
ٴסܾʱ˶ɵĲʣֺڣǶʮȥˡ
̵˵˵һ֡ƵĹƳ档Ƴ涼ñȽϾã
ĺʱ֣˾ۼ߷⡣˼ɵѣܾٸ̧ܣպ١½Ҷ۲ɣʱȻһ̩˼š
̩ܾЩصةฮȥȥķ΢΢һЦܾģϣػصزڱ飬˿룬һ̽ӧĵϸԱ֪֪ˡ
վһᣬػعͷͼ½ҶֱضԼ
ЩԾתתЦʣ½ôظȥ
ĸ׵Ķ½ҶʵĻԥһ²˵찢ѣ˵㲻Ҫ̩ߵô
üΪΣ
˵ʵۻ̩Ǻ˳ۡۻʼҵαزأ
͸֣˼һ²ɫػش𣺡ֻ⡣̩ѵѿ˾֮⣿
㡭һ䣬½Ҷסˣˣ㲻㡣
ߣͻȻ½ӣܲ˳ۣĻһˡ˫ȭѵ֡ԺŻǴҽΪá
΢٣½Ҷ͵Ķ˳ĿʣΪ˵
ЦЦºָ˼ҵ͵ܵܡʱ˿̣п㣬ݡ
ֻ۱˴˶һᣬ½Ҷȭȥ
 

121 ҧ

½ҶظʱϽٴνݸּҵĸ߳·һϡ
Ϻܿ͵佻
ϻɫʣӹһ˿ᳰ⾪̾һ²ʣϿǳǺδģ
ȤּҵİϲĵЦǽ·ϣɫ֮ǰǿˡǰһСȥرÿ˵ҪȻ󣬵˻ǾáˣλС㶼ò£͹ɡ
Ŷӵ˼ǣ
˵ý·Сѡһɫٲơ
ݸˣлһ¡
ּҵĻȥվŴ⣬ǹһ˿Ū
һһ˳Է⳰Ц²ᴩ·̫Ϸᵽ·Ϊն˼ϡ
ȻڸܵǹҲͲסļУҧ˽·Ķ
ãʦ
ͬʱϽĻѰ˼ΣЦã°ˣһصл㡣
š磬ɵ֡ҵ½Ҷ书
ġϴҪɡܾ֣Ͱˡ
鼸䣬ϽǡΣԸһܿ죬뿪ţϽ˵פضȥԺⲻԶ˫۾š
֮ʣܾةฮ鷿
⣬κؿ˿ԼѧЦʣܾôͻȻЩ
ʦǸȷʵ֡һʱȥ˾ڷģŷ־һӦЩһѰĲҩֵע⣿ͷ룬Ǹʱְֲ̲
Ŷ
аΪλ͵̲浵˵þ׸ʲŶԡ
һᣬκЦھ׸ɳ˲٣ѧ۲ˡ˵öԣ׮ֻһҩ˵ͣһ£ֻǸʼ
˺ܶˣ
ûСǸҩǵһߣڶĸף
ԶԵķӱ£ȻʵֳȻʵǻþ͹ֻ֪ǲʡܾĸţС常ļ֪һʱˣס
գκ̾һǸҩ˵òҽÿ˵ͬļɾͱ˰ɲֻһ۷ЩҷۣϸģռءãͻȻءʱ̫̫ڣ˼벻ͨȻʡȻʡͬĸֵܣȻѶ󾪣ҽȥΣͬʱ齺ʳ
ˣ
ʳ⣬ҽȴ޲ߣѾݵ̫ҽԺԺ˵Ǻ̵֮׸Щҷۣȷʵҩɽ⡣

򣬵Ȼּ߲̲׷顣Ѱһȴֻò֮ʱ鷿֪¡
Ѱ˼ãܾʣʦý¡᲻Ȼйأ
⣬κҡͷȻʲẦġǽƺûʲôҡһᣬܾɰ¹꣬ҪĴȥ˵
ѧס
뿪ةฮܾһ·˼ߡţͻȻվסš
˵ܻţٴηϹǺƸȤѵѵ֪֣
ţʶ˸
ҹˣѹϨƣֵһƬվãܾջ˼ߡû߶Զס˽ţһӰ￴ǰһӰǱ
ĿעӰʧķܾ³Ծ˼һ£ϡ
һ·ԶԶ׺źӰʧڸ߸ߵԺǽϣܾӾȡ֪ǽͳӧĸۡ
ɼ䣬ܾͻȻһź̶һӰԾܣʧҹɫһ£ܾٴθϡ
ʱܾһ԰һǽվƿϮոǿΣ壬㣬εᵲ
ϣ
һ졣
Ե˻һۣϡ
˼ʮغϣӰսˣһ
۵һ̳
ܾɢӰѾȻ١
˷԰ΣܾЩǰȥԶվסţʰһսľڣԿŰ֡
ǣǡԶķ档
£üܾãȥ
ߺԶ¶Ρһ˵޳ܾôģ
ʼ磬ģϲҵ·Ҫ
ԣջ񣿡
ҡͷҸǱȥͱˡʮ书ǿĻֹлأ൱
ˣӧʵѲ⡣Ȱ´˵
 

122 ȥ

ֵ޹ܾص˼ԽԽ档
£ΪξǸ˵Ľ͸ϤУƺģأ
ûܾʱ˼Ƭ档
֮ʱܾྩɽҹڷ԰￴صĽϱڣĺεĽһֱֵ
ȻʲẦֳôȻʵ׵ܵܣһֱõΣΪҪıԼ׸磿ǻҲһǻ壡
ѵѵûдɱȻʣǣǡɱ̲סһ䣬ܾ˲䱻Լ뷨һæ
Ϩܾȴۡи̻У֮ȥ
̼ݣôǴͨԶı
ܣ
ˣ֮䡭һı
ڵܾʶ˸ֻü˺һᣬǿԼն˼
ͬʱһ᷿һʮµһʿ
ǸղԺǽʹ˻أܻ飬һӾˡǽˡ
·
ǡ
Ƭ̣Ц⼸ԶԵ£ǵΰԽˡ䴳𣿡
ûеȴʿĻشɭȻһе춯
ǡ
ʿ˳ȥ⡣¸ء
¹վãĿ¶ǽͳӧڵһ֡
еعȥգһּҵĽ佻󣬶Ц˵С㣬·ЩȻšˣҪͷСȥһѡһɫ
ŶƺȤشӦһ˵·湻ģΪҪΪϰͰ͵ظȥһˣ򲻵ƵġȥˡѡһɫС
ҲּҵģطԸ壬߳Ҫ嵭㣬Ҫһ
֪˵ǡūȥӣū
һּҵĲ˵ʲôֻøˡ
һߣֱ˼ãóȥҷ붨
߷ȥһ˺ҶҪЩϢ˵Ǳץȥʲô֮Ĵңǳ̶ȻûҶ˰ȥԺ
СʱּҵĸջصϷ
̣С˵ö˵·̫һƾʲôһˡ
û뵽ǰڼӣٲɵü
գҦĥһ¶̣˵˵Сһȥѡϣ˵ѡɫôСæۣ⡣
һ㶣һšüƾʲô磿¶϶ġ
ֻ̣Ȩ֮ơţѰͷѡֻǸڡ
һ㶣˼һỹǵͷǧ©¶ȥ
ҦϽıԺȥѰˣ붨Ҳſȥºĺʱ֣һֻʳл佻
С㣬ǷӺûġү˵ǻұ⣬ɿڣԸֻ㳢
ұ󣿡
û˵ĺ󡭡ܺóԡ
һǲ󣿡
һͷƺǡ
󣿡Ƭ̣Ǵʳпֿ׳ŵӳԵһƬĿڸãһں֨֨еģмĻţһ¾˵壬һ£ͳ̳һ룬һӰһ͸̫ȥТҵұʲô˵˵
ܿ͵̫ĻЦү㿴СТ˳ֻұܹģһһֻ˵㳢һƬ͵ߡ
ԵһƬϹƷζƬ̵ͷȷʵ
үԼƬɡ
ڵط̫裬ƺ鲻ĥž˵ү˵ǰӾ׸ʹСظáǼΣ
ؿ˿ң
ܾˡ
Ƕã
м֡˵˶ʮ꣬ûȢ޵ġ
˼һᣬϹµͷ˵ˣ
ݸةǿҾý׶үֻкô
Ǻǣԡƽ⡣
ҹˣڸӰӦԶı㣬Ѿһšţס
ԭ̫չܾΪϽĵܵдţί̽ʸ׵̬ȡ
ܵΪԼģȸжЩڡ
Ӱú֣㣬ʲôף
û
ۼ⣬Ӱһŵݣҹ۲Ʒ书ҲãԿһ¡
 

123 ˭˭

ŸڵյƬ̲ʣþáܾôģ
Ǹ˽ˣأ˸Լĸټ͡뽨꣬˳ֺһ񣬾һ˲űμҵ÷ÿһܳţܾһе̳
Щؿ˷ӰƬ̣ô֪ôࣿ
ûش𣬷Ӱ˵㲻ϲǱˡ
һʣô˵
ݣΪҪǿ޸ϲˣĸס˾ˣ֮ΪΪ˱ס˶ίȫǺεȵʹĵ֪ܵΪİ㵱㣬ֻεأ
û뵽ô˵ǲɵÿ
㣬ϧ֮˲Ը⿴ΪԼǣǡߣ㣬öҪЮ㣬˲ֵķ뽭ڣ˼䣬ΪȡȨλί𣿡
ֻ۾˴ãǲЦһ£ǽŮۻ̹Ҳ㡣
ҡͷֻǾûôӣֻ̫šֻҪö⣬취еġȲùͬⲻͬ⡣
˵꣬ӰóһֻСԲ
ҷֹȥңȥݸˡݼҵĻ书ǿϣԱһȻóһƬСҶڿоͲᱻʴˡ
ϸϸ÷ǴĦһᣬͷ
ӰȥϢˣǶԿŷۣĻڡ
ҲǶ̫ˡ
ΪʲôϣȻһŬ᲻Щ
ţ̲סʼ
㿴㣬ƫҡ
װװװ֪װ̰ĽȨͻڻˡ̫ӣ̩һ㸻
ߣ
ƭңŻҡ⣬ǹģ㲻֪̫ˣ
ҳ͸Լôһᣬֱס̾һ񣬻Ȱǰ鷳á֣ΪʲôҲֺ
˼˰Σˣ±ۡ
зӰõĻв֮͡㲻֪ӰǳȴǸֻһĪģ˵ֻǼž˾˽ύѾѰ
գּҵˡ
С㣬Сͬȥ·ѡϡ˵ʹ´ĵãøѧѧ
ԣǾȵüϡѽΪöҺ֮ǡ
һּҵĸЦһ£СᣬżǿֻǷƢ׽ã˵ʲô޲޵ġСˡ
һαǵЦСˡɡ
֪糿ǣ
ʲô緹ȥ
ּҵļЦŸˣԺѾһƬҶ֦һᣬ
ã治áΪ˺ңﲻϧȻڻ飬ϯټϡյڣѡŮûʸˡʱ᲻ûã
չڸΪٰŮƳʱ֮С˿Ҵ⣬ΪһεĶֲǶĸӺݼҵİ࣬Ƕƽ
δʱ¾Ÿȴ㣬ҲӰǸģʱͷĸ׵ļıˣѾǰȥ롣ʱɱ佻
С㣬СѾڶŸȡ̵İ˸ޣź觶׹ϸذµװ˵ˡ
꣬ĥһ£Ը·Լѡ˼Σһֱŵ
µȵֲͷʱڿ١һɫıãһɫĶ׹ӣбһֻҡէȥװøԼ
һˣ»װһڵģҺõȡֻ·ӣ㻹Ҫױôѽ
ݸãʲôʱţׯЩǺõġյ·ͦÿǺɫ㡣
ðʱһ¼ģذڳĵ̬
ڲסĲԣü߰ɡ֪·ԶԶ
Զȥóҵͺá
δ뿪ѵڸŸļƦģ˶һۣȻϡ
һ·˳·³ʱƳһ۷붨߻⣬תͷ߹ȥµĳ򣺡ҿѼǵռҪҪһֻλСûôظҲš
һб˾Цð
 

124 ½Ҷм

һ̣붨ֻռơҸղſ˺ܶ࣬Сǵõһӡǳԡ
˱ǸþƵģһо˾񡣵ҲӹڳյľƸⴼ㣬һԵôֻռƾͺȵòˡǳֻþƾӿЩκ˵Ϸ룬ŵ㣬Сһҡҡһᡣ
˯ɡҽ㡣
ųԯ˯ȥ͵Цһ£붨ߵµԱߣɫذ³·һ˨ӣš˼˻ȥȻصԼݵϣͬۼ¡
Ǹ뿪鸮ʱһ˽˾Ժһ·Ͻ̾סԺǰΪ׵Ĵһľţʾҡ
ӻ⣬ǰš
Ӧ
үûڡ
ڣԺҡ
ӦɢȥվǰĿ¶ɻһʿľţѰ˼ʲô
̺Ƿɱء
үĴҲ
Ϊ׵£üʣڣΪβ
ȷʵڵģû
һ䣬Ϊ׵תͷʿѵС֪Ҫ鷳ȥˣ
˼һ£ʿ˵ǵû˽ᡣһ꣬û˸׽Լͷδ͵סģĳȥҲδ֪

ʵ´ܼ򵥵ģֻǮӸҲ
üƲ죬ߣʲôǱүҵģ
Լһ£ʿЦǮӷף㾩׸Ҳκβġڲڣֵֻ֣úܶ˶֪ɢϢ˵ϼҵİëˣȻ󡭡˼䣬һת˵ϾԺִ˻᲻᲻أ
һƽġϽ½Ҷ빫ĶǮ¿ʦֻû뵽ԺͷϽ̾Ȼڡ
Ǯ¿Ǹݵӣĸǹ첻µز¡ﾭʿļһɾ˵ˣš
ү⣬ǾԺš
ʲôң
ڣǲΥߣӣ̧ϡ
飡
һײľźȻ£ػҳ
ȥ
һ˴ֱ塣ʱԺ丽סŵѧһе߹ʣǸʲôģôôԺ
ҹү£Ҵ򣡡
ι㻹û
٣ˣصشٰܵԺӶˡǣүǮ¿һŵ¡յ־ĸģ͸޼ɵˡ
һŸɫҽУԺֳһš
ֵûһӿ񱼻
үѧˣǸϽɡ
ǼסǣҴ򡣽үҾҪѾԺֵ췭ظ˭ҹܣһǮ¿Ǽޱȵĺ£תһַԸϢ͸½Ҷ
ǡ
Ƿɱȥˡѧٸոϵͱסƻǻ˵˹һȭߡ
Ժ֮ʣϢ͵º
Ժʲôط˹Ȼ£ҡͷ½Ҷᡣ룬ʣ˭£
Ǯ¿
£ü˼һ£壬ȥһֳʲô
ܿ죬һҽҴҸϻء
үԺֵ췭ظȥȰѧٶˡǮ¿ˣץ˺üˣү˵ү֪ôŵҪȡ
½Ҷڵվ
үʱ˳嶯Ҵȥ
ǡ
ү԰ꡣȥ֪ᣬ¶ԽػŵԺܷĵ£ܼܿĸҽҴȥˡ
ﶵȦӣ½Ҷץסֽֽ
̣һҽǱ˻
үˣֵܱץȥһȥ׷ˡԺѪүҲˣ
ֱ½ҶҲסˡץ𵶣ߣһУˡ˼תͷ˵
½Ҷ뿪ۡʱϽ߷²ؿһֻɽȸ
ҹ½ҶţǸߵܵ·Ѱͷ㵽ѧǵȥݱܷâϽһ㣬ɴȼװطٴӺƵѧСţԺ߷
֪ûɣ˸Щصĳʳ
Եû̲סʣүûµģǻ᲻ҴС鷳
֣ҽ˵Ҷ鷳粻ûµġ룬ȥ߶⣬ᡣ
 

125 

½Ҷ뿪ʱǽѾѡϡ
㣬һȥ߷Σȥ𣿡µ̨ףתʡ
Ŷȥɡ
һ˿Ū˳˯ѣۡܿ죬붨ݳǰµĳں棬һʻ߷
̺ǰսһǽ·ֻҪִܵ߷ԶǡôмլԺǽеΪ˼Сż˽ʮְ
ӳ￴ܽ°ϲĥ˦㣬͵һͣ
һߣһ㶣ûʾ˵С㣬ֿסˡ
˳һѾһæ˵С㣬СûӰˣҪҪͣһ£
̧ͷҪʧǰսǴֿ˻ýһٹȥֲǲʶ·
˵䣬ǵʧˡ
ֵ˦˽㣬ĵûзƢˣ˵żѳŪãڳһ¡
Сûз쭣˿æȥ֡ռһᣬͻȻŵһɬζͷһΣͨһԵڵءѾԿųһͷȽгͨͨˤˡ
ڼµ˿֪䣬ֻԼƮƮ
ܿ죬һ˴ǽߵǰ
ͬʱǵڽֽǴͣˡ
̣ͣ붨ݳߡ
ʱ˽˾׸˵һнŮӵļУƺ˴١Ժ־Ѿ˾׸ԶֶҴҸȥˡ߶ڣֵصĲĥһ²˽ǹȥһ۰ɡ
׸Ƴʱǽ߷
ӣϹˡ
һϲ̶Ͻ̣ܵܣ
ǡƺġ
Ŷ
ɺܿһﰫ񸽽ͼһٻӰЩΡЦһ£߹ȥ
Ϲ
ûɵظһЦ
ӯӯЦ⣬ɵʮ֣ǰ΢ЦʣЩӲɺã
ͦõġأ
ʼ磬ЦܺáȻʣܵ⣬Ϲ𣿡
һ㶣Ǿҵܵ⣿
ϹǰˣǱߵСƫ
׵ܵô߷һӰҴҴӸȥۼ⣬һæе硣
һ㶣͵ֹͷǴϲִܹС⡣̫ˡǣˡʲץ壬Сүȥˡҥ˵үǮ¿ץȥүһֱ⡣
ǸȥĶȥһ½ҶѾˡвֻļǵظϻϽ취
է΢ףʣҶȥˣ
ֻ֪СүŰ˸ҽԺķȥˡ
û뵽½ҶǱͷԵرڲ˳ȥǼ۶ˡһ˲ǰֱСƫһʣ˵˵׷ʲôˣ
һ̺󣬽궡ĻϽһԴ̾һǱ㣬ô죿
ץסָǺݺҧǿԼģ˼һ±ͷѰˣվĿ¶˼
ڣһ˵ɾ˵Ϲġ˸θţ볤ֺά
һһɲܺ
΢Цһ£οǽܰ⣬װʲô֪ģ½Ӳµġ
ˣǿıӰзŵǣŸжĲ֮ȥ
ظΪ˶Ը龫ǡûԼ֪ĶֲԴ󽾿ı֮Ǻƻö֣վȨԣԸرע⵽ΪԼس˶ͷжд̣ΪӸ಻ɲաҪԸһ⽣Ӱɱֺγأ
֪İǶԵġ½ҶѾȦףԼߵܵܳȥֻöͷע⵽
Ͻ˵㣬Ϊʲôȥ˰æʦةֻ࣬Ҫة棬粻µġ
ͷܵܣǿЦҡͷ̶ةάԼѧҶ޹ϵ˾Ҳ飬ѲΪة֮ةֻ࣬ΪŸ׿𣿡
Ͻһ㶡
ǰǳ½ҶĹݣĵܵܵļͷ̾һǻʵ۵ĹùãǵıضŻͳ˵£ȥԤֻȥ

ĬƬ̣˵㲻ҪԺˡȥǾͻظҹ۸ô֣һҪҧסݺҧǿԼϸϸ˵ܵһ
ݱ䣬һҪסšһöץסض֦ڡ
 

126 

ǷѾ߷ػ԰ϢۣΨӦ޳û׷ȥ°һȻ˵ȥ常ʦȥ֣½ҶߣȻ㵽¥˸ξ˾ֵ֣ԽԽá図°ѻعرգ߻ǲҪţȻȥҸ硣
ߣķסҪ˻ˮһִֻע⵽常ܽѣӧע⡣ǰõ־裬Դ²
ɫʦ֣ҲСǵĵܵܣ㲻ǣ½ҶҲ޹ġԩѾˣҲȡ
һᣬķɿ֣һȦأ
΢ӹһ˿ҲҪɡȻǲ£ͰֵʰֻҪ½Ҷû£һҪ򡣡
ķ£ü⣿
ЩʱգϽдߣҶ϶Ǯ¿йᡣֻҪԵͷϣͲòϽš»
üķתתͷףáȥˡ
˷ֹȥɽܵһ·ţһ·˼
Ļǵߣҵ춯Ĵһ֪ʱҪȴһ水ԭļƻѭ򽥽
룬Ǯ¿մԺȨžƣðհջᣬôضӧע⣬᳹׼ĳӣأһصྩͱضҪֶ̱ӡοǣϣװлᣬŹ
ɼֺʱԺﰧһءֶŶˣ㵲ѡһᣬܾץסһʣ˭ֵôף
ֻ֪ǰ쵰һ·߽ǸԺǰվһײšǳʣǾʹˡǸԺĹסš
˿ײԺţϹӣ
ֻ֪˵׼£˭ʾʹ˭
Ը۽˵Ŀڹ¼ܾʣǿϹ𣿡
ڽҡͷ
мֲԾܾߵ˵壬ЩԾǮ¿Ͻ̼ʱ˳𣿡
ֶһۣѰϹӵ䣬ǲЩԺʧߡǮ¿˶٣ܾǮ¿Ժһǽ塣
ץ𣿡
ɻԶҡͷʱͬգ壬ֲǹܡȥһฮѴ¸ةࡣ
ĥһ⣬ܾй۷Ը˼ֱฮʱҴ뿪ฮ˼ž͹˸䣬ֱº
֮ʱ½Ҷһиոϵһ⡣
뿪ԺϣԺذļҽһ·׷ϵ˴˴ʱչ硣ֵƧеļ̶ţĿͱɢˣֵϿյ͸Щ졣
վסţ½ҶͷĪĲ
үѪһҽ߹ȥ˿ϣָһ
ͷ˿򴽣ȥСЩ
ץһоɢ䱸˽ȥ
Ÿѧˤ̨ϣ˹ȥ
ûϽ̣½Ҷ˿ԸҽƵһʱ٣ߡ
ţĺԺҽһʯո֪ʮӴӵһˡһŵ߽½ҶЦ
½ҶеɫȻ׷
Ѫ½ҶʱŭӿʾָǮ¿Ļ쵰ֻث֡бҵץҪЮʲôӢۣ
Ӣۣޣ¸ҿʮͷҿһ·ŹǡҪȻҾ˿ǵֽš
ң
Ҿ͸ңˣʮ㲻¿ͷһֻšǮ¿ڵһָ塣ߵ˻⣬εʡ
һ
½ҶͻȻǰһһ˲һӾУүСġ
δ䣬塣
ڶҽкӰէ϶֡Ǯ¿һˤһأҽѾ˱ӵ½Ҷߡ
ûս½Ҷյߡ
תһҽƳڹһ߽УүСģε飬漴һҺ
쵰
ŭӣ½Ҷεݺȥ
ϣ
ֻɣһҽмͷѪ
Ϲ½ҶѸپۼΧһȦһᣬĿע󷽣ʣʲô˲ͷ¶β
һ𣺡½Ҷ㵨ӲС㲻ġ

 

127 

ߵӺһˣ
½ҶʣǸȦף
ԡΪ㡣
ûץ̣
ҪץģڡǮӰԺ֣ɢһ¼ϢˡǣˡץȥţȻͷԵؾˡ
Цһ£ơùǮӼʱݹӵǰ䣿
ʱǮ¿ѾӵĲǱߵߣݺݵ³һѪĭˡ֣һȴϣҪݺݳһٳ
½Ҷ˺ޡһ֣ĺΧ˹
½ҶͻΧҪս
һ̣̱ӡ
ƴɱ֣½ҶļѵöࡣĻǺѲǶûɱΧˡ
Ƭ̣½ҶһѵͷһԼֻʣĸսˡһģеסǣͻΧȥȡ
УүסǣһЩ
ٷϻҲ
ү
û꣬һҽ͵ס½Ҷ󡣡
󼱵ֻڲ½ҶķڣǼҽȴΪܵһرС
һ˵أ½ҶĿѣһ٣ٲ֡
½ҵƷ絶鴫һȫʩչĵƵúǲòˣԭܵİΧȦͳ©ʱһϹ½Ҷĺ
Сġ
ʧɫҽһ˳ҪȡЦһͬʱϣס˼ҽǡ
˾Ԯ½ҶŴ󿪣ܲһˡǵϹ⼰˲䣬ԭǰ˵½ҶͻȻһ䲻ݷػϹ⣬˳Ʒһһ
ζû뵽Ȼзˣ͵Ϯղסǰ֮ƣӲײĵϡ
ۣ

һĲҺѪڿգ
һ˲еСģ
ع񣬵ѪĵѾ˵ǰ
ŵû겻壬ʧһץסվԵǮ¿һơ
˲䣬һֻС½Ҷĵϣһ죬½ҶһУ֡ҡӣ
Ӳסˣλȥ
Ũҽ˷
̺ɢ½ҶûӰһˤöᣬ޲κϢ˺һᣬע⵽и˵ǰķһơ
һ̣类׻ҽһߵӱŵû˻꣬æһһࡣ
Ǯ¿Ͽһ󶴣Ѫ˿һƣͨڵϣ֪קŰѵѪʧصض
ү
Ǯ¿ͬһʱ˹
Ҳ˲׷½ҶˣһزҽУˣˣȥҴ򡣡
޲Ųɱȥ
æ˰ʱǮ¿ʱס˿һǱػѪȣЩնʣһ𡭡ν
ӣ϶ڰ԰æʲŻңֻҪǶ˵û˻֪ǰ̧ع˵½Ҷɵģаס˵ǰסһðһơ
ס룬Ŀһ˰һŷԸʰֳ
һᣬһ׵ߣ͵ʲôҰΣ
׸ȫԺᡣ
һɨصǺúţ͡
ǴҴȥûע⵽һѵֻڣû⵽õڴѧӡ
һߺķ˴һȾѪĵֻڣߵԶһӺϳ赹ѧӣ˼£ȻѪ
һߣ½ҶһǱһĻԺϢ£̧ͷǰһİˣл˭
ЦЦ˵л˭㲻֪Ҫغסȥ˴һҪҧǮ¿ץļҽвȥһӮ򲻵Ѳȥġֻ˼䣬ʹϼҽҪ뿪߳ȥ͵Ϯ㡣ΪԱǸһȻˡһŲ֪
㵣ͨǮ¿
һҪ˵Ǯ¿֣㲻Ҷ֣Ϊĸǹνбģʲô֪
ѣν죬䲻ˡҪ˼ץס·£ţԼѰ˼ɡ£ĸ׵ܵô죿ıܣ
һ½Ҷȭͷ
ܱһԺˡĻŲ¾Ǯ¿Լʰˡ
ˡ½ҶһᣬµյشһԼԸ˷ߣȥ
 

128 ȸ״

½ҶһдС˹ӻغʱξѾʮļǵصںǰԺѪξһУҶȥôңҪЩˡ˵ˣ
û뵽⣬½Ҷ㵲ѣЩжЦЦ˵û¡Ͻظȥһ鷳ţǣġ
һظʲô˵ֵܣҪչġģҸ˵ˣʵ׷ʲôˡ

԰⹫ǿˣǮ¿һҪҡǹ⹫ǿ۱֣ý⹫һԴ֡
ס½Ҷ͵Ц˵Ǯ¿С˾ˣ
ξһ̶һأ˿ˣѽôСһ
ҲŲס½ҶڵЦǰϣ˿ʹ
ι׼Ц㻹Ц֪֪ô˵ǶܳԿġһС
Цûۣ½ҶסˣϢһҡͷ˵ԴСʮۣۡعˣʱû£Ҷȥҩס˵İ죬ôʶɿڡ
˰½Ҷȥĸ׷ģŻصСһҩһѽյ¸ξְİ˽Ļһ顣
һǷ⣬ʣô˵Ķ֪ˣϽȥˮ
ξȴİе֪ˣǴҪ㡣£üĥһᣬ¡Ҿ⡣Ǹһ֡
ǡ
ˡû˵꣬˽ү׸ˡһˡ
һ㶣½Ҷ룬롣
ܾܿ˽һ½Ҷϵ˺۾ʣǮ¿鷳
΢½Ҷת˵ҵĹܼ±Ǯ¿ץȥҪЮȥܶӮİ˽Ļ˵һ顣
û򣿡
ҡͷ
΢˿ܾͷûͺáסܸ˼ұϾǹĶӡ
û뵽ô˵½Ҷһ㶣æش𣺡֪ҽ㶣ҲܸϴιѵҲ֤˲ٴġ
ξһţȴ͵Цѡ
룬ܾʣǮ¿ȥԺ֪𣿡
½Ҷûش˳˽
ү̲ˣŹˡ˵ıǮӣ浽ǰ
һ½Ҷüëһ¾ͽе˵е¡
ܾĿһһץס˴Ҵ˼䣬½ҶȳȥӦСƻסҪˡ
̴ܾСȥˣ½Ҷһξҳȥ⡣
СҸȥ˭ֵù˭ߣڵվξͷ˳ȥ
Ŵ򿪣̲ùٴʮȡʮˡһ½Ҷָأ
ùȴξΪ׵Ĺ˵ι⣬ˡ½Ҷıƽ֮ӣǷˡ
ǰɣҶǮ¿˴ˣ٣ֵܣһûˡӵȻ浽ǰȥˡξһɣ
üùپ˵ֻǷ£ιÿ
ãҸǣǮ¿ҪܣҶûôȸ״ˣ
ƻܾѾװһȵģ߹ʣλô⣿ʲôˣ
ԭˡ½ҶıɱǮ¿ƽ״·ԸʣҪһˡ
½ҶɱǮ¿ܰɡǮ¿־Ժţءģ
ùһ㶣ֻ˵Ǯ¿˴һʱش˵ˡ
ɫαܾͷתת˵ǣá
ξü½ҶȴסʾⲻҪ֣Ȼ˵ˡҽֻǼǮһ棬򶷡Ȼʻ߰ɡ
½Ҷ̲ˣξվԭس˼һתʣˣΪβ֣
ҡͷȻ״ҲáֵǣǮ¿Ժ֣˾֪ôͻȻˣվ⣬ظʷ̨ǿԵġ

Ժڻʵ裬һͨԺ־ԺһҲȻʵ
һԴξҴҸϻظ
Ŀȥܾǡܾ͸˵ΣƺǡѰ˼ţ˼Ҵұʹϲ⡣ˣֳѪˡϼҲ£Ͻȥ
ʣϼң
 

129 ͬһ

׸µĳѾһѱһ״Ρԭ鿴Ĳڲ﷢˻赹ˣ˺ôҲûܰҡѣֻ˴š
ȵѣһС㲻ˣ˾ûɢͿ޺ԭĲǵ֪鸮Сʧ٣ŵòᣬæ֪Զԡ
岽ظϻţ֪ǳ£ܾʱˡŲѰ£ȥѺļ˵һ顣
꣬Զߵò˵ݺ½ҶĹ
ģ½Ҷг𣿡
ҡͷԶЩζЦЦܶǰƽ޸º½

½󽫾Ǹаǵˡϲ͸Ȼ˵ϲܴŮˣðȻȴЦΪ棬˵Ҫѡһ֮Ů½ȥ˱սȢ˸Ůӡȥķˣʹ߱½ͻعȥ״Ȼͳҽ˳𡣼¹꣬Ľδ¹
ܾ֪£β˵ùҪϲԼˣǲ֪ν˵ˣ֮ĶԹ½Ҷθɣ
ǺǣΪ㣿
Ȼܾʣ𣿽Ǯ¿Ժץ½ҶļҽвȥˡžԺµǰϼС㱻˴١֮½ҶӻغǮ¿ͻȻ˴Źȥ״Щܾмֹ
˼ǣϹӲԺ˵Сһѡϣ˿ҲӰ
˼һ£ܾͻȻ˵ˣȥ߷ҡʲǸѾ˵ѡϣСȥ߷Ρ
ܾԴŲ߷ʱʮΧס
һĻܾٴγһ˿һ̲ù٣æ߹ȥʣô£
תһЦЦҲˡֵס˵Ǯ¿־ԺЩ½Ҷɱˣ˵߷ǰסȥ¸ǰߣ˽ֻּѲ̿͡Һãֺû˵ʲô
ǰף
˭֪ǲǡʱ˽һƷһһλСܵܣλСӺᣬһӣúܣݳҷѣֻ֡
ԽԽܾ˵˵ġ
ȥɡǶǰۼ
ܾܿ쿴վһǽܡһվһԣһƹǾۼƺܳס
˶ٽŲ߹ȥ
Ͻ̵һˡ
Ϲӣ⡣Ϲû°ɣ
һػǲɵ΢Цһ£û¡̶̰棬͵͵й䵽߷һƷҸóϣ˳Σͷ⡣Ȼ̲ĲˣڵذǸϵһ
ô⣿ͣһ²ʡ
ҺܵܲԺǮ¿ǶƽĶȥԺ£Ȼ½ҶļҽץˡȥˣǮ¿ȴͻȻ˴״½Ҷץ̲һɣָ빫ǰף̲Ѳ顣
µ鷳էɫһףæʣ֪Ҷô𣿡
ձץȥ̲ξҲںȥ跨ɫ̣ܾϧæο˵ġ½ҶûиǮ¿򶷣ֻҪ岻µġ
ҧҧǿѹµǣǿЦЦл˰æ˵乫
мֹŹ֣ȱ𼱡ο˼䣬˵ñ˽ˣѾߺͳѰѾ˵ҪΣҲŹѰ
Ļ쵰ȻŴ⡣
Ѱ˼ţӹһ˿䳰뵽ҪظӦ׺ͶǼװеôһֱΪȥ𴦹ˡ𣿡
ҡͷѾˡ
֧Ŷ˵бһܾͻȻʣˣһֱڵôıǮӣ˰æѼ䡣
һܾתͷʣ֤𣿡
Ŀ˶ǡһֱڵ
ҿ֤Ͻ̺رʾ
סܵܣ˵ˣʱ빫ڵȻһֱڴ£ûгȥġ
˼һ£ܾͻȻߵһԣʣɣ㼸ʱǮ¿˳𣿡
ʼ磬ûǮӣεǡˣǶͬһг𡣡
һ㶣˭

 

130 

֣ܾٿȻһһ벻ʣѵǮ¿Ǳģ½Ҷг𣿡
ϴεִܣ˲ҲڳǴõõΣ

˼ѣ˵״ҳ˰ףҲʶǮ¿ô˭ڱأĳǣȨƵ˼Ҿݼˡ
ԣܾһᣬһ䲻ȴ
תɱ⣬ȴЦʣļң
Ʒҡ
Цֻ⣬Щҵġɴܾ׸ֵ̰ôףԺܵùʰɣҶ˵½ɱǮӣֳڣ
ٴһܾĿ¶ɣôг񣿡
ûСֻΪԼҵ㲻ڳ֤ݡһ޹
װٴ󼷶Լܾɵüһ䣬ת˵Ϲһ̲ʻʵ˵Сȥ½Ҷ򶷵ֳϢһģõǡ
ˣлˡ
΢Цһ£ٴοһǣתȥ
Ͻƽ㣬ͷҲһǣü
ܾϵǼʱ׸ѰֳΧס̲ҲˡŵϵѪۺʬ壬ܾͫסתͷʣأ
ǶԺѧǮ¿ʱץߵġ˵һ·Ǯ¿ǻץˣһ·︽·˱ŵˡȻǱˤ̨ϣˡͼѪȣæȥ˸ñǶŵòᣬӶڸ
۵Ļ̧ܾͷһ̲Ĳʰһöڡм죬߹ȥϸ
ְܾ׸ǰ̲ѧϰꡣǲЦʣˡ𣿡
ǰ
Ҳǰ㡣ЩۼһǴ򶷡
ֻãܾͻȻ˵ˡǡ˼öڡͷ棬һۡԱһ£Ǹġ
˿࣬߹ȥ
ϸŵϵѪͺۼܾɵѡǮ¿ڰı½Ҷֵǣ½ҶߣǮ¿Ϊ˴
ã򣬲Цһ¡ܿ죬ֱƽ
ڱæ֮ʣһµķӰ·ԶһСԺŵﵽһСǰ̽Ƭ̣Ǳ롣
ڼªյϵһ̰Ůӣ¡߹ȥ˿Ӱóһϸ飬ЩϡЦһ£ƴԾһݣƦģ˸ţһ˵ѽ֪ȵɶʱǱ߼ʱǺǮ
Ȱɣˡ
ϸ˼£ӰӴ춪ȥһֻϸ㣬ȻǱűߣᲦ˨
ʧϡСڣתƦȴƤܡ
һ̺κ˦˦ͷҡҡλεվ˼ˣˣ
Ӧ
վһᣬһЩۿܣٿܣش˸飬Ȼѹο˿ªӣͷһƬ̣סԼ죬ݺݴϢ˼£Žżﵽűƿ
ˡ
΢˿æӣ¿Žżȥ
ϣӰһĻĿ¶׽žһʯͷݺҽݵĴһƦͷϡͷһʹ͵һ̧ͷĹˣſʲôһڵվһ
վס
¸ոӵԺǰŵһץס˨һɣ;һ۵òҽһ
վסվס
⼸м˯ĵƦѣһֵҪߣʱżˣСվ塣
ͷü۵˾Ҫ˹ǱŻˣ֪һµקţ·ӡ

СܣſǻԶ
ϣӰǱӵ£޷ȵĿЦ
ЦˣͷһӦ޳š
΢⣬ʣ°ˣ㻹ߣ
һᣬǲǸɵģã
óĵ⣬ӰĿ¶棬г𣿡
ߣԺҰæξˣ´ңҾ͸ȥߣת˵ұΪǸǷǷˣȴǸŮһ·ɫҿˡ
ȷӰشѾԾǽʧ
ıӰӰһڣǷǲ֣Ƿǲ֡ŮŮߣ
ǣ෴ȥ
 

131 ı

ܾص׸ʱʥּ£׸Э̲ͬǮ¿̰ڲࡣ
֪ܾ˵壬ȥǮ¿ĵˡǵ˿ƺһ뿪ʱҴһ̴֪Ǯ¿ظ֮һֱڹֱ̲ǰȥ´ʡ
Զû˵
ҾıǮ¿Ǯ¿ڰıݺ½ҶǮ¿Ժ½ҶŹ½Ҷȴָʹ˰㡣½ҶߣתɱǮ¿߸½ҶǮ¿ǻգɱǴ㹻½Ҷˡ
ԣԶԾ֤ݺڣ
ܾóһöڣϦһ־ǵùְ߷Ҳ˰ֳҵһööֵ̲ǣڿ˵ǰסɲʶǮ¿޴Ӻζ˵½ҶǷ׷ǹʣǣǿйڡ
Զùֻڿ˺ܾãһ½ʲôڡ
ܾû߳ȥһ۷ɱˣҵϼС㡣
Ŷģ
˶٣ץ˼Ʀ
΢ܾȥ
׸ԺڵǱؿ޺޷ɢңε䣬ЬҲܵһֻ·˼˾ʧѾɫһſڽ࣬Ȱ߿Ͷ㵽Ӻ棬Խſࡣ
һĻܾмֺЦ˼һ»߹ȥȰС㣬㻹ɡѾһ£ʲô˵١
أҲҪˣҪˣ̧ͷ˿ܾһץסӣקס޵øӴˣһҪǼһҪǣ
ܾ΢˰벽ʹ˸ɾ˦£һѾߣɵվʲôǵСǱߵӺܸɾȥϢһ¡
Ѿ߸æͷȰο˺ü´ϵذ·ˡԺ徻ܾʣô£
ˣֵŽңŮ˿޽УϹȥͼƦ׷ֵץס˵Ʀ˵鸮С㣬ʹˡ
Ʀʲô·
Ӳءʡ
ߣŮӡ˵ͺݺݵĴ򡣡ЦһַܾԸȥ鸮ţСȥ
û۴Ӧ͵ضٲȵȡڹ³ңֵǱ죬׼Сй¶ȥ
˰ʱƦڳŲסˣʵ
һղĹ˽ǸɵģһĹܼҡ˵ȵĺʱֻȥǸŮˡֻǰշԸǸŮץȥǰ˴ʱ͸ǮҲ֪ˣʲô֪ûǸŮʲôѽ
һᣬܾĿǸˣӼƦĹжϣʵץˣĿǡ
ȭܾ͵˵¶԰վƬ̣תԸһݴһٹӣǻѺȻֱСԺ
ĺʱ֣Ӵӵ߽Ժӣعάţүһ˳ܿҪ˹ˡ
־Ц˼
ү
һڵƿţҲߡ
ףأ
ӭһ㶣æݱȥѰһûˡ
ûҵվԺУӵĻü׳ʲôӣһشԭıݹӣҺõȡ
һתͷԺ߳һܾһʮӿס·
̤ǰһܾˮ˵ôྩ֣ԭݹӵֱʡٺ١°ŮӣǮ¿ԺὭɱǮ¿ټ޻½Ҷɱ°ӣ߹ݣɱףǻòͷˡ
û뵽ͷ;һ˵ǣʱɫغܾ㲻ҪѪˡԼ⣬ֻˡ
ܾεʣɭĵź⣺ߣ벻ǣ׸Իֱ档־ܣҶ֣
ݺݵΣȴûǸܾƴййＷ֣ܾݡơ
ߣ̲ˣɡߣ
հһ˵ץؾ׸һ߱
ܾ꣬ЦһᣬطԸ˰ؽ̷ƤͷùǺŶƤޣԸץҸӡܼҡ
׸ЩֶΪϬһļץ˷鰸ͱ˵ļƦĸҰӣָҵĲܼ°ӽٳ֡
 

132 

ҹĻˣ鸮ŲϢǲҲӰűüͷĲƲȥ
ķ߶ּҵķһܽһУ̣˲ˣ׸˵˵˵Сˣøȥ
͵ش˸ЩˤѾ߻÷ס㣬ٹ˲ʲôˣŻŷԸ
ٽ˾׸ʱܾѾõ˲ܼҵĹʡֻйԼƦٳ֣Ϊ¡ӿѣֻ˵ͨԼɵģ˵ΪǮ¿¡
ܾ꣬Ц㵹ʮġӾ㣬ˡ
ܼҴͷҡνȨȡᣬ¶ʵ飬һĶӻ£군ˣǼͶһأ
飬ܾûмʡҲ鳶ϣֻҪ֤ȷʵǮ¿㹻ˡ
վվٴȥ塣
ʱδԶԽ̲ãʷ̨ĵҲǽܸһ´ϣ뿪̲ɱ̲ʱѺͬռĻ½ҶԼĶʮҽһ˵ͬҪھ׸ιҹˡ
ʱ̣ٴǱŮصʱܼƽڵȡ
̣үȥ鷿
΢ҧʣ˭үǰ
Сүˣ˵үɱƽĶӣǸմ̲
һף뵽½Ҷܿᵹùԭߺޱ΢ЩοŮ䣬ԸҦСطʰһ־鷿ȥ
鷿ճơ
һ߽ûǾʣ˵ʧ٣𣿡
һŮٶʱƱһ£ͷ࣬±ֱ۾ڿС㻹֪ãǽһȥò㲻ǣͻ˵
ҲԼˡѡϣ˵Ҫȥ߷Σǰ档˭֪һֱûΪ𴦹ȥˡдʡ
ץסʣ˵û˭ʧٵģ
ˡ
һ㶡
ӣԾؽͣ߷̲ΧǶšȻˡʧ٣ҡ
һ㶣ʱϽҴҽһҽ㺦ġ˰ץߣȥԼ磬ͱ׸˵ʲôıҽ˵˵ǹҪǡ
һ꣬Ͻ˵֮ǰΪҽ㹴ŲȻֳʧΪҽ㱻׸ץȥôȥǼһ󽫾ģһҪܹѽ
ΣϽǸԵģչ¥ϳͷƺȵѬѬȻĸѰ֪©˾˱类ץò壬ؽ˾׸һ亹ææؾ˾˼һᣬ͸ڸǰ׼һдӲԸ㡣
ڮٽ㣬ϽüŭѪˡҽ߷йǣ֪ô϶㴮ͨݺҶ磬¶׼߸ҽ㡣
ߣҪһٶ磬ֳô£
˵Ǹ󡡭
ֹ˾ҪĵܵܣЦһ£ܣҿһٶعвз磬Щ֮زȱɫ˻죬ﶼأ˭֪ѧʲôа
Ͻһ̶͵ǺһغˣˣԻҡ
㣬ûǻôʲô˲¡ȰٲЩ߰һСĶ˹٣֪ҪǮȥﲹ˾˼һǮ𣿡Ǻεس
ү㿴СֻͲǼҵùѽŶӺսͻȻųָǵıõùˣЦ϶㣬ñ°ȥ뺦˳Ц
ЦԼѧأò˳ЦǻáѵϯȥģԼãҺθɣҿΪû̺ãűͳ֪Լķ
ˡ
аȰˡĸֶֻ£һǳǣӰ쵽ҵɲá޹֪Լı֣첲գյҵǵ¡࣬ǵ˵ִġ
㡭ٱϾ٣һʱ侹زֻøɵۡ
 

133 ʤδ

Ǵ̣Ϲµüë˺һźݺһӣסڣסڣǳסŮǵִʣǶôóȥˣ
ҪţͬȥġҲȥҲʶ̧٣ֻȥˡȻһתȥ·ѡϵ¸ܶ˶֪ʡ
ü٣ǽȥѡϣ
һ˵ֻܵͷ
ˣӹһ˿䳰ԭ˵ȥģּҵͻȻ˵÷ҪȥҪҸȥһžͳ¡ѵּҵĹй¶õ٣׼ȥǮ
е£ּҵıϾĸٸæƲ塣
ǾˡЩô֪ȥδܰɣ
ͷ飬·磬Ͻżˣæµ϶й¶ġ
꣬˵϶й¶ġǣôܰѵ֪´ô
Ͻ
㿴˵˾顣˵ץߵģΪ˶թӡ
ĸͬغ
ؿʲôϹµˡٴİֹǵȻѶŮͷһٳڵذȫߡ
ϣϹ±Ŀòܼƽ֮ǰ²Σ
үǡǳͶڶ
أ
ְոȥ˾׸˵ӻڲ飬޿ɷ档ˣҸҲץˣ˵ǵĹܼͨƦٳСġΡʱʲ
üëһң
ǵġ
Ǯ¿Ĵ˽־Ժ
ǵġ
𣿡
ƺûС
ƽ״ںδ
ȥ̲´ʣָ֤½ҶɱǮ¿Ȼ½Ҷץ̲Σ߷ɱָǰףҲץȥƽѴһ˵һ顣
룬˵𣿡
̲죬׸Эֳץ˷ġ֪
ü˼Ƭ̣ŸĶȻȥ٣ҪǳͬĻǶ˵һ飬ҲһҪԶ
ƽʩ˳Ϲ⵽⣬ͥлݳãʱʲôûԽշһţҲŮԥΪȡᣬ׼ɽۻΣӮ͡ע
ǻص佻ʱӰͻˡЦ㣬̫ˡܵͦġ
һ˸߲ңЩЦã˵ǿϷˡ
ǰЦˡһ½յңӰٴЦǰϡЦ˰ΣŰѾһ顣
ɫǲɵһŰ裬̲סЦһ˺һᣬӰ˵ܾܲץ˵ƦʳǸطȥãͰץˡҸӣǵĹܼңץ˺öء
ϸϸܾ꣬ΰæЩм˼˺һ˵ãٰϢ͸ǵĶͷ˵һγ׷ˣ󽫾鸮ƲԼһ侮ʯ
áǡΪʲôҰأòֵÿ
ݸҲǿץˣضͻΪ˽ύݼңĸֻϢˣڹȥ˶Ǻ޺ôֻаѣܣ׸ִҪǺαرþ׸ֻ赹ĳѾأô
ĥһᣬӰͷǽˡ⼸ڸȥܵܵһȥ̽
ӰˣǿŵյľĶǣЩ
һ֣ıĲ½Ҷǡ
Ǯ¿ԺΪ˵½ҶŹƽѵĻ᣻ҲΪ˵ܾߣŵƦ;нٳ֣ټװȣ췹һãܰεжֽ˶ƽȡ˴󽫾ĸӴӴүǰзȻĪ
ãȴ֪ǵַ㡣
붨ڳ£׾ٵ˦¡ţӰɺ˷̣ѻ赹»ǵ
붨ݳӰٰŮȴƵȥ߷Ǵ̰ɫͲʶǵĵƦǷֲ˭̴ֻƹ붨ͷӰװ裬ƾ°¡Ӧ޳ңҵŵСԺ׸
׸ѰˣӰ£ӳͰ鳹ִ
½Ҷмƣһ־һʤ˿̣ʤδ֡
 

134 ֤

ϸﳤսŭ
ôִ£ΪǸ޲ȥŮһһεϵţţ
ڽԴסȴ󣺡үɡ취Ⱦѽ
ҪôѾ𣿾˵ǸᣬϼҵŮϢˣ׸Σ˵ÿζ˼װȦס
һ㶣æʣСܴӦ᲻
ʲôϹǸˣʱֵ֣Ƿ꣬ȻŮ޸檣ûֻҪ⡣һۣҲǸšûǸŮƽڻ飬ֽ𣿾޴֪ˣһһȢ֣ʲôʸ֣
ٴһæͷ֪ˡȥ鸮˵˵
ڰ֣ᡣ
˳Ʋ߽ϽͬУһǮӡʱϼСӣǮ£½Ҷ˸湫ӡڳս½ҶղףϽŲһˡ˵˰½ҶߣΪǮ¿ˣŽƾͼƻˮҲ̽߷⡣
ưѴ˼ƵǰǸЩëƤ˶ºû䣬½ҶϮûʵȨǸռӡ
һ䣬ʣղ߷̲ջ񣿡
ҡͷ
ƽһֱǺޣ޷ǽ½ƲϽŵЩӰЩùǰȥ֡
ʱ̣ྩһƬҹɫɣ¹⡣
ʱị̃ʮ۾ۼھ׸ڣԳֵװһǱϡǶϽŵŵأܾԴһֱǶƻ裬Ϣָ֤ϽԺıǮ¿޻½Ҷ˰ѱܾҲʾͰһ١
ʱһ̣źһƬ
ץ
ǶլԺϽŸ򻪾סġѣڵԾü˼һ±ԸҪģͻΧ
δŶ롣ͬʱϷҲĺɱ
ܾվտҲǺ֣̣˲ɱһѪ·ˡ
׷ĿϷŹܾ˽׷ᡣ
һ·ӣһ˹գͼ˦׷ЧΣ򻪴Ǳһܵ
ںĵصﱼߺܾãѾྩˡ
һ򻪻ع˺ҹྩģ֪˭þ׸Ըǡ
δ䣬ػͷ
֪ʱ˹Ȱ⣬ΪһѺıУǹǹ̷Ǵ̣ƽַǽп˫ת˵ķ
ͷһ͵սʲôˣ
ٺ٣ЩսԻͣҲ¾޹Ӽ߰ߡ㲻ۏˮġȻˣͲҪˡ
ͫ˾׸
ΪЦһԡҰǵס͸¶ܾȥΧǣҸں·ʾ׷ϡ·ӣȻ˳ǡ
һ򻪳ʣ߷ǲйϵ
غһ󣬺ɫĴӰڿն𣬾۶ֻͬʱϽˡӦŴӰЯĿпᣬɫ䣬ŭһϽһȫ
һкˣеıѪתƬ̣ٴαڡ
Ͻŵȴһ۴ͷƤͬʬ԰סֻм򻪻ǿվţȡ˺һᣬѵؼ֣˭
ҵ׵ܵܡ
ɴۣ򻪵ĺ俩죬Ŀ
վ図ǺɫıУʣӣѪ
תۿ˿ԡ㿴һѪû˷ѡ
ͷ䣬図˵ˡ
ڼ򻪵ʬϷƬ̣һ˷һ£鿵ݸ図ܾ
図ܵȥ鿲ſ˿ϵһʬ壬һֻɫ硣գۼ䣬ʬǳɻңɢһ˿ۼû¡
֮ʱܾ׷ˣƵػصǶԺѰһȴƼ䣬һڳץס˷
ϲܾϻ˾׸ԸҹѶʱһ߽ˣϽ˵ֻһˡ
΢ܾ룬ߡ
Ӱ£һͷңס
ң
õһ͸ˡ󣬻˼
ɻؽӹĲᣬ΢İⷭ£ܾͷһʣαɣ
α˾ɲ顣ˣϽеİ
ĿʧںڰܾϵصŰѲϸһ飬˼ãһݺݴһӣ˲ڵԪ̺š
 

135 ҷ

һҹ䣬ྩڶճس¶ԶԼҴȥةฮ
糯δκԶԽ鷿ʵѾľĵһ뵽Ǯ¿˷ھԺ֣ڳԣ鲻ã󳼾ʣλһͽʲô£
£ҹ׸԰䷢һ׮ǣĴ󰸡רֻý
£
Զͳһۣһᣬһ˲ᡣ
౨˵Ϧ֮ҹ˽־ǣ׸һֱ죬ҹ鵽ϡǶнǱءʱɻһݲᣬϸ¼Ͻݡݡݡĵ˽··ãȻ˽ΣŻڹٵαĿտ˰áһӦǮͨǵԪ̺ת˲ߡ
⣬Ǯ¿ֳʰϽרõĻڡȶԣǮ¿̵ɻϽŵһģһϽھǵһ֮󽫾ģ󽫾ĻϽ˽ܡԺѧѧһָǮ¿ԺգǮ¿ߵһϽˡ
ųϵ֤ʵ۵ɫҪѿжѿ
һʣϽʲô·һô˴ıõױǩ˰
ֻ֪ϽŵݹӵĻŹץ׸ͽ䡣
ʵİһͨˡ˻飬󽫾Ҳң
糯Ҳˣʵܻ̲ԸٸϹٷ죬̲Ժ󣬾׸Э飬黧˽˰ͬʱټһѵ⣬ðݣܱ
û뵽һҹͻ䣬Ͻűãգۼ䱻˷˼⣬İҲҷּȴ磬ֻƲԼ
鷿⣬ӧıӰĿ¶ЦƲΪǺ裬ùʱֻ
ߺߵظϻظʱ̲ѾеذƣһȫץߡܼҵĻþҪγˮҧ޺òطԸ˴̽ʲôڱʹӣ
ǡ
Ͻŵ˶ˣ
ֻ֪׸ҹץɱ߸լӶ˸׳졣֮ǰʧ֣ǻжʮھǣ˲֪
һӷݺ˼˵ŰӵĽչС½Ҷİӣ˸һҪŲԣܺĶӡ
ܼӦȥˣų˼ţĿ⺮䡣һ£׺;ٱˡֻҪץʬΡ
֮ʱ׸ϸϽû뵽ԽԽ󣬿ԼҲûֵãƺȫٵﶵȦӣȴʱȥϹ¿ߣֻ˴״
ݼˡ
ݼҹµĻֱƱǿ¸ֶӶʲôãǿǿЦЦ֪ᡣǡǼΪҲǣˡȻ󽫾Ҫ뷨ӣҴ硢ֶ޹ġ
ġֻҪǼҹû£Ϲӡҹ˶ƽġ
ŵ΢˿
ݼҹ¸ߣҦ־ĻŻǵ̣ܽʲūүȥ˷˿ء׸ѵĹȫץˣȫ⣬˵˼پүڻ¸˰٣鱨˰Ŀ͵©˰

©ƫҹ꣬ش죬ͷͿĦȭƵĵȴŻᡣ֮Գٳٲѣֻǹ˼鸮󽫾̬ȡֵ棬ȥϢڲáǡϣҵĶͷֵ֪ʱǽƣһݾٱҲͲΪˡ
ϣٵ촽ֹסضĸоؾһֻǰʯͷԼĽš˺һᣬǿסԼԸȥ˵Ķˣ㣬ȥһͷ⡣
ǡ
ɣ˺һŻعЩĵݣٴδǸӣóһ
Ҧźȥˣٸջص˼һѾСẒ̌СھŸֽֿеطƢȥȰȰɡ
ٴһţٲ̾һѾȥŮˡ
ʱص佻
С㣬ʲԺĸ˵˼һ¸˰٣׸ˡҦ˸̨ȥƺҪ񡣡
һ㶣Ŀ¶ȣ̨
 

136 ̨

֪Ϊʲô˾棬һ¾˵˵Ǹ̨͸úܡ̴õģûȥ̣֪ǴӺδõġ
ǿⷿģ
ҡͷ
üм־ɣ˼˺ܾòһ䡣
ٴȥʱŸɹ
˾Եή٣ϢһҹһԼֺޡǸԼȥսôö˶˵ذ鳶Լϣƽ׵ͳЦԽԽ﷢˷裬̺Ѿ߰һ٣ˤӣֱֵ޷
ֵûˡ
Ůͬ踾ͷɢҶټе¶ʲôأ
̧ͷĸˣ¶ЩڵϡۡؿҺòҺడأ˶ҵЦҲҪˣҲˣŵ棬޵˺ѷΡ
¶֪ίˣˡ
ҪҲҪˣˡ¿޵øӴһᣬͿʼ޺޵ǶôµģһӴźͻ򣬳²ࡣԩҺԩˡ
˲һе£ٶʱľѾŵǱ˳ӣٸҽӽԶЩ㷡
¶Ϲ˵ʲôѽ˵ˡ
ƫƫҸ磬ұ磬Ҿ˶ǴˡǴҵĻ򱿵˶ϴǾȻϴҪˣҪˡ˵Ƣáֵܾ˾˶Ǵ
ⱾǼùأ˷Ϲټֱ˹ݴһ¡
ˣ͵ס۲ŵسĸס
֪ۻѵʲôޣʲô֪֪ôһ£һȥ˻˵ԭҲûġ㻹벻ˣһֳȥʲôôۻ𣿡
´ס
Ǹµģ׼ޣʲôáƽ̫ˡҪִסҾͲôˣѾͷҲ군ˡ

˵ǸѾͷʹҪޣȥ˾ΪΣЩȹΣһ˾Ǯģ
ĸװΣɻʣ˵ǣǸ˻ң
϶ǡҧгݵն
ͷ˺һᣬµΪĸ׵ĽСƳĽܲ˳ۣһ¸Ǻǣ޲ðƤ
ãĵض䣺ˣˣһʹҵ鷳ұҧҳ󣬺ұڻ飬ҶۡǣһҪɳ˹֣
תŮĳޣ˿ο˵ȱ֡ƽϢ跨ȻˣԸСϴͷ
Ÿ𽥰ǽ˻԰һɽսǺһѾ߾վšæ˸
С㣬Сȥˡţֲ˶õġ
ݸģҾʼ仰֪ǰףǸεġպ̶ǰ̣ġ
лС㡣
ЦЦʣǸ̨ʲôģ
û뵽Ѿһ㶣ξ˵ͷһƸ£Σϸ壬͸źܵİ׹⡣һȦȦĽߣǽƺɵӡ
ų̈ǲǻһȦɫĺĶ
ԡԵúرҦѡ˺һҵһװá˵Ҫ͸ƽƺΪ¡һүҲ׸ˡ
ˡҲ㣬ױע⵽ƬҶӸͷСúš
ϲѾ߸æлҴˡ
ߺŻ԰أĿź䡣
ƽɺ̨Ȼʹ͸½ģϲ鱦Ȥָ˻ؼʡ׵á½õģɫ治ȱȻʵʹʹ붼½ѩ˷ңڷװɷ鷿
ֻ̨½ϲΪʹãСߣμġ
ֻ̨Ʒʱóƽѩ
½˱ƽޣ绹ʱЩ棬ʮƽ˽˵ºİҲ½Щ鱦ȴȫ伣
ѹĶˡԭȫȥ
ߣ
ļˣ̰ţ
ץָҧгݵػصվһһ⡣дãС㣬á
 

137 ̨

ңһ߽佻ʣ㣬˵½Ҷˣ𣿡
һż̲ס˵ܵһ䣬ο˵Ǯ¿Ժյ¼򵥵˵һ飬Ȼ󲹳䣺¼Ҳã˵ҶûиǮ¿ֻ֣Ҫ˵ûôء
㲻֪ɣƽǰ״ʵһҪϳ½Ҷ糯ʵûϣֻ̲ȥٸҲȥˣ˵£󽫾Ͻš
յ£ңѴϸ˵һ飬˵壬˵鷳ǶƽҧŲţ϶½ҶǮ¿ҪɱϾǹվ̲ҲȥҧҪ½Ҷ
ͷһ³˼ò˵ùĻҶлˡҴ˿̲ȥܲܰһæ
˵
ͷȥһθԽҲںѣȥ¾ˣԺٶ㲻ġ
һ㶣ң룬ͷ
ңˣվڻ³Ƭ̣̾һ
Ҷ˿һУȴ˰ϡѵãȴϧ
˵ܵһᣬͬɡ
Ͻšŵġ֪ô᲻ΪԼ鷳Ǹֻ˵ĴţǺġ
ĬĬĥţ붨ͽһšܾ͵ģǲ鵽һЩǮ¿ͨ޻֤ݣġ
ţ΢Щˣ˵С㣬Ҿͦõġܹ㣬ΰæ㣬Ҳǰ;㲻翼һ£
һ㶡
С㣬֪ʼշŲˣβϧǰأ
ûشɡ
̣֪˼䡭϶ܸ˵ġˣȲ˵øǽж
˼һ˵ЩС㾭ȥ߷λ빫ӻͶϧǺӵܣҵүδͬġ
ٴһ㶣ǲɵʣҲɺ𣿡
ֻҪСϲáѵ÷עˣʱǷδػᷴԵġ½ұͲŵݡ˲Ҳ𣿿ϧүȥ磬ʵǺġ
΢Цһ£Ҿ˾Ǹ۹ˡĸȹǿˡƬ̣óȥӵĽչ
˸ʱҦָռææؽϷ
̣ܼұָûҧүүֻ˵ݹӵĻ¸¡Ĳ֪¾үҲ̫ᳶܼҿǱסˡ
˿һæʣΪʲôȥ
û취˵׸˸УйȷʵǸȥ˵ġ׸鳶Ǽңү£ʡ
ʱ˲ˣʣ͵˰أ
ҡͷʱ֪ū澴ãһֻݹҪùˡ׸ץˣʲôйϵ˻İӡ
ڰ֣Ǵ󽫾ǼұȲõġ˴ţһϢͻ
ʱξȴĸ׷
Ļٿдţη΢¶ȡ
Ƶĸ׼ȻʵõܣȻһѾûпķţÿǰݼ̫󲢲룬ڻеλۺҲϤ
ĥãʣǮ¿Ҷôģ
Ǯ¿Ǹث֣ԼҪҶĶ˾ˣƤ
˶һۣġ߹ܶΣƱǿ򲻹Ҫ䡣զզҶë꣬ʹյһˡǮ¿浽̲֪˰ɣ
ξȻ
ѵ˶һᣬƽĸַԸ˼䡣
ڸ뼸ҹƷ²裬ƽգ԰ѹͳšһߣ˵˵˸鸮˰ɣ
ô֪
⼸վֵ÷зܻ֪֡˵ˣһԺֵףʷ̨˵
ƽü
һ۹ҷôҪϾһӣαﶷֻǾáЩ£˵ȱȥ˵ǿöࡣ
΢ƽ˼һ¾ʣν⣿
ʣưЦһתȴʣ鸮͵һֻ̨ɣ
룬ƽͷ
ЦЦȻ̨֪Ȼ͡ºϲ͸á˵½˰䱦հ𡣡

ֻǾá鸮ĵܲءô԰½ﲻϲĶ͸أ
 

138 ̬

仰ƽһ㶣һ룬ĿЩ
ɫ仯˵ȴž£СӵǹʹҪͲˡ
ĬƬ̣ƽʣҪ½Ҷѣ
ֻǾá½Ҷײ˹ҲСӵİΣ˶٣ѵԺڻʵģСȴԺֻ֡ñ¾СӲ£޺ô
û뵽˵ôһƽĿ¶˼
ңԺѧ˵СǱµģΪ˵״𣿿ɼ㹫½ҶӦϳͣҲ˷Ź֣СӰװ׳Կ࣬ðı͵Цɣ
ü˺ܾãʣ˵أ
ݼҵԴҪ⣬Сôˣ֪Ժ£ܲˡСֻǱڣ¾ͲôˡУ󽫾ٵóҲֻǳӣгĵⲻǱĩ𣿡ǿһ䡣
ΪҪҶ
Ϊ½ҶҸСӶ֣ͰԽСϡ
΢ң
ЦЦ½ҶûôĵСӵġȥçײԶϾǹ
һᣬƽˣƺЩ¡ĿԶȥ˼˺һŻתլӶ
һʱξԼ̲Ÿ״һҧָʹǮ¿Ժǣڲƭ½Ҷȥܣ½ҶܣıɱǮ¿޻̧Ǯ¿ظţƭƽ״۾ϡ
ξ½Ҷݵøһ㵨Сֻ̲Ц룬˴½Ҷʡ
û뵽ξԼ˵õС½Ҷüëİ˵Ķĸ׺͵ܵܣֻ˵ʱȷʵûж֡ǮҪңҾͣҾʹżҽߡûܳвٺ˳Χ£֪ǲǮӵӡû
ܿ죬ôáƣ½ҶʸڷϿֻ֣ʱ·ΪԱ˶Է
ֱ˱ߣ̲ſһߵʦү½Ҷûѣ
ѲѲҪҪǹ̬ȡְΪ˵ˡɿڣǾ͡¹졣Ͻŵ²ŸӼ֡
ϵǣ̲˳˹ˣƽԸҶܰװˣĸ⺦һҪ
ű̲ܾãԸȥٸϹٷ
Ϲٷûŷ̩顣߷үĶ𣬸ղʵα˺ҧӰүĶܱ乫
̲ЦãæʾŰ˽
һ䣬׸ó֤֤϶Ժ¡ɱǮ¿°µĻıҵĲܼҡϽˡϽʸڷϴɱǮ¿֤֤ﶼһµָ
ץϽ˳˷˽Σ䵱֣·Ϲؿ˰ƣΪߵ£֪ķ¸򻪲ӰǱᡢԪ̺ŵĽ˵ټϿڹ˽˰֤ɽ
Щָأɫ䣬ԩ
ͬʱֺؽ˹״޷ݶıǮ¿ȴҧ߷߷⣬ӰԼ׬ǮҪ⳥ʮƽֲʧ
꣬ʵ۰˵߷˾ٱŲһ飬ҲΪǸ
£߷Ϊ̫ܶ죬˻ˣʧ˺üǧҲûһ˵ϽھΪ϶Ǹɵġ󽫾¸Ͻû׼ۺǵ⣬֡Σ󽫾˲飬⳥ʧ
˲ԣʵǿЦãܼϵУǰ˼䣬ȻԸ̲߷ͷš
ص߷ɾʹ̩ܵ鷿
£ȥ̲ˣ
Ϊһ࣬ܲͷŷ˵㱻ץȥһʹӣУ
΢ʣΪ
Ŷ½ҶҲСǵĵܵܣ϶ܵĵġҧǣʵݣû˾˵½ҶĻ᲻ʹˣܲطơ
֪˵ʲôźã³˼һ²˵º⣬ˡ㲻ùʵġʵۺ֪ܿ¡㶨ʲôλش𣿡
ܲһ㶡
£㣬˵˵Ѱ˼Σ͸һֲɫӺܿɰ㶨ֻ֪ܲܵõ
죬ɫӣ
 

139 µ֤

Բ۾֣ɶʱúܺЦЦ˵δªˡһӣëɫȻɲʣʮءʵΪʲôӣ˵ûɾӣ׼͸ʵ
תܲˣ㻹ƭûвëã
ʼ磬ë·ٵץʮֻӣǸ岻ӣżſϳһֻҪۡ֯ȾɫǺû
ٸйֻܲöͷʣʵΪʲô
ǶȤ߷ǳֺĲҵʣֻûʵ۾裬ỳܺ
ܲ£ü
££ܶ۾㡣ЩĦ޲Ҫݹ͡պȥһȥԺһȲ裬Ĵһ¡۾ֳʲôǵ㸮ϣҪʡѡ
һᣬܲףʣôɱң
¿֪̫Ĳ

ЩţתЦʣƺţǴΣ
üܲİáʲô
ͶĻʵۿ϶㶨ʲô͸ʲôˡҲˣȴӦһ£Ǻպ˵ʵ۲ʣ䡣ƽҲҪˡ
ܲй⣬Խĵãһµͷáͷֵá
ȰסҪҳͷָһļƻѶóһ
ֺѾǹƳһɱΡЯֺܱܿˡ
ԣܲĬһŽӹǿ񣬡ǴҪСЩ˻Ͻţض׷ġһ鵽㡭
һЦ·ġճ̫밲ˣҪǽӴԱ
ҹˣ鿡ķ̷߷ۼһռϸ˵Ӧ޳ʱ΢΢£ü
˽˰ѾʵĻƱ̲Ͻűץһ֣ؾᡣ
ķǵݳһֽ˼ǣƽһֱҧ½ҶɱǮ¿̲ȥˣͻȻɿˡʱģ½Ҷлˡ
ϸһ飬һξľٶתתͷµЩ΢΢һЦǾˡȰɱǮ¿֤͸ܾ
ﻹһᣬԪ̺ŵķ߼¼ǣɹԱ飬Ĺܼҡ
Ӧ޳ķǸˡɲʣ磬ϽŶΣ
ھǵѾȫ˳ȥϢݱܷâóһţĹܼдšʹ߱ɱˡ
һ㶣̶һЦãһ£ҪϽˡ
ݸְ±ٳֵ¸һƲõҲ㾫ɡԺͬʱܾ½Ҷͬʱãٰ˽ٳ֡ıɣҵ˴ףǮ¿ͷӡҺñȽϻ飬˸͵
һһ㶣ɵĿһЦǴߣȻ˲ϧԼŮնǾһ֡壬±ٳֵɢȥ
գۼ͵˵աôѶɾܲƿڴֶ˽ûб̬ţȴ⻧Ա̲ĵʹӡ
׸Զֶֻ֤Ǯ¿֤ʵɱǮ¿ץʵЩ֡黧Ҳء
ԣܾ£ü˼ĥţ͵꣬һ㶣̶ϲʱܾ˹ĻƽԾѣıҶ
벻ǣ빫óһСӵӡΣСӲܰװױ˰ɡ
һᣬáʲʵ飬Ҳӡ
ǡ
̺󣬸Ǯ¿ʮվһԴͷûʣܾһᣬͻȻʣ˭
ǡ
ȥ￴
ܾˡһ̺һӡܿ죬ִ˵ߣܾһòʣ־ʮƽס죬԰ɣܾóһֻľУľвڴ¿ǽһש棬ʮƽ𣬻һšдġƴ׬ǮΪ˸СǸþƵļ̸¥ʮ꣬һҪӿˡĸҡǮҪƽ𡣡
һ
ٸһᡣ˵ʵ֤뿪ྩԶ߸߷ɡ
ȭãŵʣǴ󽫾Ҵҵ󡭡
ûѡ񡣲ģ;Ȳá
 

140 ȡ

ʱị̴̵̲̃£ʣкָ̣
󽫾¹ٽӣֻмҪһ¡
Цһ£Źǻɡ
һݿڹ󽫾һ
΢ӹһһ㶣̶Ŀһ̧۶ݺʣǺ⣿
ЦЦιƷһ£˹ػش𣺡¹ֻǾ󽫾һʡ֤֤ڣɽǮ¿ȽԺɱ߼޻ټ°Ůӡصġ
ٶԣι˵֮ǰپҪࡣ󽫾æ¹ٲ롣
ȭܾãѹеĺ⣬ҧгݵ³һ仰лδѡϱ˱顣
󽫾ˡ¹ֻǷּ참ºܹĻİӣ첻ã¹ʮΪѡ󽫾ƲԼñ²ˡ
ǿ˹֣תȥ
ĺʱ֣ӵǰ̲Ļ̰Ҳ᰸´ʡν֤֤Խ
֪ɵĺ£ƽûԽʵϳǰʹ½Ҷ̺ޣԼƣҪʵһϳ͡
鷿ϴбۿŹŭݣת£ĶСӣȷʵϳ͡޷½Ҷȷʵǣúúýѵ˵Ϊ书ǿִܣ׸ͽ
һ£ʵ۾ʣ½ҶƺһŹ
Ӣײ˹СôͲֳЩˡ
ùģʵ΢΢üΰ䣬к
˻ˮιش𣺡ֻ˰Ļ飬½ҶȷʵȥǮӣ³֮ǰзԹ֪ԡ
£½Ҷ׶ԹйŰ衣Сʹ䡣
˿Сʹ䣿
Ųæػش𣺡½ҶΪ֮󣬲޵УԴǳΪçײ˷ɸ𣬸Գͽ䡣丸׵Ĺѫ֣Ǿ͡ݶλټѵ룬ԣľͲ׷ˡ
ԣιбһۣһû
ƽüҲû
ʵ۶½ҶӡƽƽƽһߣҪͷʱڼ߽£̫ȥ
⣬ʵۻ̫жȥ
ʵۣ̫ʣʶƽǲǽ״Ҫϳ½Ҷ
ʵһ㶣ͷ˵ȷд¡
ҡҡͷ̫ΪȻʲŲܺ밲Щۣòãص߰ҡĻƽǹôøԹƵģǰ½Ūýͷβ۷׷ף˻ĶӶۡ
Щʵ£˵ùһߣ֮Ǯ¿ȷʵȥ½Ҷ鷳˵ģʾһ²á
ʲôòõģ˶һۣ̫󲻸˵˵ɣôõľʹãЩ¡ǻʵۣô˵㣬˲ˡ
ʵٴһ㶣ðɡ
Ŷ룬̫˵ܺ˵ǰܲ˵̲ȥ߷¡Ҫһܵܡ
ʵ΢ü
ЩС˵ǶھǡҾò̩ˣ˾ǣҪһġ
˿ĸףʵۻ⣬޻һʡ
ܿ죬ʵۻת鷿׼˺ιĴý顣
½Ҷֻѵһ٣಻׷Ǯ¿Ժʡ²ΪŹΪڹҥڮ٣Ϊţзһ٣꣬׼ԽǮ޷˲飬ٺһ꣬óһƽ⳥Ǯ¿ˡ永ɶ
û뵽ʵͻȻŹ½Ҷаȴ硣ƽͬ⣬ûȥʱϢġ
˸ˣʵ˺ι˼仰Ըڼഫּ
ʱ֣̩ٽ˹
һ԰ðţʵòʣߵܣ˵һǮˡ޸ǮǲǶø˲ܺ߷
£ֻ߷ֻӡкһǮһܲæش
㵣ӣ
ǰ˵Ĳɫʮϡ棬롭һ̵ȱ¹գֻɫҪȸһΪõ֪ġ̾˿
ˣһתЦ£ûôϡء̩ʹ͸ţ
ЩţʵۻЦЦðΪҪӸġھû̺ôŮһأ
ٴһܲ΢Цл¹ġٹǾ͵ˡضò̫һֱҪ밲ġ
 

141 춯

ܲ˺󣬻ʵ۷˼£ĥһ½εεʣ£ǲǲвɫѽ

檾ǺС£һʾͿˡҪΪ·ǰɣ
תһᣬʵЦЦ㵹Ƕ¡ðɣЩС£ȥɡ
ЦŴӦڵŻʵŻɢ˵̩˾ǣڹ¾ú𣿡
죿
ء檾á̩ǲϡ͸£϶֪ġĦŻʵ۵˼ԼԼذʾﵽʲôˡ
΢ʵ˼һ£ס
صĸŮ˼䡣ͬʱܲ鷿˼üһƬɳ©ʱܵ
ܲܵʱ߷￴ͻصϢķʣô֪⣿
عҡͷƽƽϣĽب꣬ηܽ⿪ġ̲ˣܾͬ鰸ҪŹ½ҶֻǰУöӰװ׳ԿһƱΪ˶Ը½ҶץҲܷŹ½Ҷ侮ʯ˾Ǹ˳ˮ飬ֶΪأ
նƽȴ׼Է鲻½Ҷ볤ֺ̫Թ̩ǣסۺߣػصά½Ҷ
ĥƬ̣ķǵͷе㵱ܣ϶ˡ
̾һ˭õأʱȻڣ벻Ǹı
ļʾοˣҲáȻһأ
Ƶò˽˰Ҳϣ䡣޳ѻ˽ܻ¸͸ٰܾ͵˰Ĳ֤ݸֶѾݼҸӽӣضջᡣ
ķǻû˵߹ӣ̩ڵ㡣
שСԺܲʯ߳
£
عſɣ˴ʯɣ˵ˡʵ빬磬ϯ𶨹¡Һá
⣬߹ȥ˵²Ҫķˣʵעٲһ¡
ҡҡͷΪβǽǲء
ʲôҲĵġֻܰˡɷǵ˾ǣ㡭ȥլҪЩÿŮ˶Ըͬˣġˣʵۻĺլ⣬õõܳΪڻ
һᣬܲò˵ô
ֻȢһλƾͲˡ㲻ܶרģȴΨһǺܿЦ𣿵УɫԿȡ󣬵ĲȨƸõġѽܶ˼һһҲͬΣο㣿
ԽԽζܲͷѰ˼βȻ˵ԡҾҾԸʺܹĵġ
Ȼܺãϧš
ܲ˵ˡ
ƵӣЩЦͰοֻѵҲлĶġ
ߣ˵лĵˡ
ʼ磬ҵ϶ȵºһЩ
ɵؿãô϶Ķ㣿
Ȼ
ҡͷʾţܲһͻȻ˵˵ڵǺܺáô꣬СǶûм޸ˡֶ⣬Ҳû϶ϻֵġ
ʶڰɣ˵ʲôõģΪʲôСôϲ
ƺضɲɵüңҾýڱȵºһЩ
һ̧ͷʣΪʲô
ΪרġҿϹĶ⣬ϲֵеκһһ̯̯ܲ˵ǻʵһģһҪԶǿ
㣬ҡңô֪ںרģ
ΪʶһϿҵػش
˵Ƕµ˵ܲưβŻȥˡվԭ˼һᣬתͷͼķʯߡ
ʣķ˵춯򸮵ˡ
һʱ˶Ů鳤æʣ⣿
ϴ޳ҹ̽򸮿ע⡣ҷЩӾв֪ڴ̽ռϢʲôˣעžĸɫʡƶӧྩ񡣡

ʦܣһҪЩһǣ㷺˸ͷضӧҲע⵽߷ġ
Σɵͷ
һϢ֤Ѿȥιв˻ʮԱȻò֣˽˰ܿͻн˰һԱضǣǻᡣ
 

142 

գһģ߷⣬ƹ񲻶ɫ˵˸Ȥȸһ֮ǵòϤ˻
ӣ
С˿̻ûСӲھԶĵطΪȻģ֮ס
ĥţǹ˼⣬Ȼѡһȥ
ɺ֪ܿ£Цһѹôó裬Ħĵı첻С
Ƭ̣ʱ
ʱ½Ҷһѵ󣬻ˡ
̲ǰξڵ
ߡ
ȥģ
Ͷˡ
һ·Ž˻شãξ˵ͷֵܿﱻ˼죬᲻˸¶
½Ҷһ㶡
ȴ˿½ҶüۣãջЦЦϢ˳ûб󡣵С˰ɣ
΢֮˿еġ
֮ȡ֮ڸĸѪΪ֮ÿΪ׵ͬտ죬²̶ͬȵˣ˼ĸϰ֮ˣ˾͸ˡǿ׳֮ʱоʱƣ곤վãʹаصɲԪԸ⣬Ҹ㿪һҩһ£кô
½ҶӦξɿػش𣺡С򾡹ܿӣùܼҸҩѡ

ѽĥĥġҸ㣬̲ξ̶ѨǸ˵㣬˭֪û°֣Ծܴ⡣
߶½Ҷ֪˵ʲôźãԻ벻ٽ顣ܿ죬øһֻӣһһ
ӡɡҪԳӣ
ǳԡǶˮܿˣȻȥÿʱһʱסܶôܶܳһ£֪ôˡ
üЩ䶯ĳӣ½Ҷҧס׳ŵӽӹ
뿪شã¥תһķǡ
˿ЦЦʣֱӸ͵ˣΪҪҳ֣
ֲʦܿ˿ڣҾͰһѡؼǣѩ֥ټ
üѩ֥
ǰķǰѺ̵¸
꣬ò˵벻ú̵ӧйϵ
²֪ѩ֥ǺеıŪǶкô
½ҶξصʱõϢѾһڵοĸһᣬ½Ҷһξл
л㣬ԺСЩ˵Ǯ¿󣬶ƽԵǰϳ֣ҧ㲻šƱǿԶ㡣
£һü½Ҷͷ˵˼仰øξֻұ󣬡ûȥТɡܺóԵġ֮ǰիģƺˡ
ΣξܸȤˡ
Ŀȥ½ҶŻͷ㡣
˵Ǿ˵Ҷ֪˰ɣ˰æΣ
ʣ㣬ǲɰæģ
ʱȥ߷Ȼ̶һţ㿪ǴһӳԺ㵽߷ö㣬Ҳ֪мˡ΢˱ۣǻһ˲ľģĬһ²˵ʱıңֻ빫跨Ҳ˸߾ġ
Ǹİ˵Ļ½ҶЩԳβ˵ý㵣ˣҲá
ɫɥҡͷοԺҪ˼Сĸ׺͵ܵܡ
š
ο˵ܼܵ䣬ͻȻұ󣬡ôԻұ󣿡
ŶһҸȥǸӵľڣң壬͸ʮֻԼҳֻֻʣµֻ˾
ң壬̲ס㿴㣬֪ô֪㱻ң弱Ҵ£ܹ㡣Ÿǰ̨¸½Ҷ±޹صģ㿪ѣȲҪôҿʱ˵أĶ˿⣬ˣҲ顣
Ҷǰݸ߲ȵͣʱʱżȨŹǰ̣Ȼо˾µӣϮûʵȨһޡҿóң岢ƽЩģٰҪ

߽㣬½ҶͥԺվòЩûɵĻط
ҹվǰЩ˺һᣬҧסȥʹӸǹؽ˿˿͸½Ҷۣš֮ʹˡۿرߣĪֻѩá
 

143 ҥ

պ̲Ѹ֮ƽ˽˰ᡣʵۿѶ˺ܾòİϽţһǵΪ˼㡣ºݵĸϽš
һռ䣬ԭʢĽһϽž˷ƮҡСķ̲ͣﰧһءΪ˱סӲòò󣬻永Աȫ̲ó˲֤޿ɱ硣
˰ǣԱžɼԵ˽˰αĿ˰̰ͬְţۡɣ¼Ⱦ漰͵©˰ܻ¸˰٣Ԫ̺Լ̾سͣоͰ¡
鸮ٵ֪½ҶͷŵϢҧгݡǶӡֶ־ĲѡҦּҴұ
̣ӣнˡ
ô
ܼҵ°ӵүƲԼүǡǮӽԺл¸˰٣˽˰Ŀﲢү꣬ү꣬鳭Ļȫ乫зʮƽƹ͹߸ڲܼҡһ٣ű۶ʮ꣬⡣
û뵽֣֮һϣĿβƽסʣ󽫾跨𣿡
ҡͷҦֿ˵˵ԺİӲ鵽ݹͷϣ󽫾òӡԺ°˰ﲢݹıҪٹӣٷꡣݹӴ˹⺦Ӵ󽫾Ǯ
û뵽ԼùͷЩòͷԸȥӻϽԼҦȥˡ
ҴլٴγƲӹﱻٻ٣ƷٵծţѾ˰𣬸˻̵Ĳ£Ѻׯ԰ׯӺӣֳôһΣѩϼ˪
߽Ҵլʱֻÿ޺󣬼żáѹסͷĻţһɩӽָƿڴ
Щǰү͸Σ޳УӸ֣óͷӦһĵġһӣˣͻүˡǲǲǣóǶҤȥ
۾ǰһһ溰ԩԺＦɹѾǴҳ˸Ȱ
˶ٽŲ˹ȥ
ɩӡôˣ
ѽ̣ƸǶѽ׸ʲߣڽʮֶҲҪǮȥꡣλǮԸͳԵõģҪǾ͵˯òݣҧɻȫûǮȥѽ˵ôšͨ޿
㶼Щ䣬ҧòסԼο˼䣬ԸҦóһƱóΡ˰ģʱˡܿ죬ָѾӰǵӷ˸׳죬¡ĶŮߵֵǮȫһգԺһѡ
ƫǸۣŭԡ
ٿŽһţ֪ǽⷢӣǡ
ػصȥӣּҵĻֻŽܽ˼䡣꣬һʣô˭ȥģ
̣ū澲֪ѽͶ˲׼ͷǡʲмС˳Ų棬ۼЦ˵ǼС㱻°ȥ֪ء˵ʲôԭҪ͸󽫾檵ģ֪ôŪӵĴȥˣ֮òˡ
ףͻȻ˭˭ɵĺ£ˣҲ飬˭ȥȥ飡
ּҵķɿ챼ҦľѣỌ̇̄ǲšǲ飬ֳֻ˿Цġ

룬Щͷֻǻ˵һˣʵˣ
һǣ˵ô죿
Ϊֻ֮װûӱСţͷܿȥġˣԵүǰһ״˵СѾߡҦһơ
ݺݶţѰ˼˺һֱ鷿
ĿߣϹüԸʻ
һ̺Ǵ橶
ɨһһ٣˸ʣ˵£ŮԴˡ
ӴСǸ̵ģҿǼŰӰɡ
ûǵʣ֪£
˵ѾĴҥڮãд£
ʲôҥԣô֪
ߣСſѡǸѾǸģڻ԰СѾҧ䣬ڮ¶治ɫصߵڰס
 

144 ֮

ָٰ˵꣬ЦһԭΪ¡¶Ů㲻ϧɢҥڮڣΪҡ֪ôĸ׵ģ
εؼ㲻ϧŮ䵽زɵĺ¡
ö֮ٶʱ÷˼£תϹ¼ٿޣүҪΪ¶ѽ㿴ġֵĽΪСָʹѾĴڮ١
˵أ䵽ĵزΪܽύѣΪү˲飬ŮʲôɣﲻܳԼĶӺ͸˴£Ůġң⼸Ůﶼûȥֻڽȥ˺գ뿪ۡ⴫ҥԣ¶ţҪҥԣָʹЩ²ܡ
һ㶣Ȼ
˼һ£Ϲ¾ʣȥˣ
ǵġҶͣȥ
˵μҵĹӹϵܺã
׵⣬һ˿Īƽػش𣺡ľ˾ֿѣҶ;£ֵƣȷʵദò
ĥһԼڳе֪ʼĩϹû׷ŮŲţֻ˵ӳ嶯ϲܣ㻹Ȱ¡
˰ü
뿪鷿һ·ߣа̾
֪Ϲû׷ȥΪһӮˡ㹫ԣ½Ҷоգõμҵά֮£ҰܣҲûֵúã󽫾˱Ų׷ʡ
˿оʤϲãֻǸĺ
һ·ĬŻص佻˼
ɫ̲ס͵͵ʣС㣬㣬ôˣǲūʲô£
عҡͷ޹ء壬ЩӱĴʱϢģĶ˵żңҵ֡
Ҳ¡
ɵϣ²º޹ϵʱΪҪӲƴ
һ㶡
ûˣȥϢɡο䣬ȥϢǼ˼ҹ֮ʣӰˡ
ôһˣ
ŶûʲôϢ𣿡
ԺİѾᣬ˽˰ʵҲ׼ˡ׸ڳﳭһ̣һֱԱ̰˰б˽ңһȫץˡֱطȫ飬ڽӶˡ
̰Ĵýϸһ飬Ӱ˵ע⵽ݸ˴ؽͺȥ˹Ҳ²һǸѣǰһε⡣
ͫ΢
㣬Ҿ½ҶĴɺΪѡŲҲܲסıơֻҪɼǺޣܻȥıġѾ½Ҷ˳𣬼û㣬ҲŹġ
ĬĬͷ̾һ˾ȻʳţҲʢΪıǮ㹫Ҳ޿κΡҶ˸׵ӣһУҪҲлС
취Ӱο˵·ҲáôĿض䱾ر㡣ǽܻȹٱ˴ᡣ
ҹ鸮ﰲһӰϢԽԺǽӰﻷƬ̣佻Ƭ̺󣬺Ӱɵ¥ܡڰУӰۣץסһԵı
ʱƺͣƬ̣һ죬һ졣
ۣ
ʧˣˮˣ
žƣԺȾѣŵغܿ죬ϵ˱ʮӰ̧ˮ
˰ʱˡС¥һ᷿յЩڡּҵĻŻǵظʣСû°ɣôģȻʧˣ
סľЦЦҶˣԸ˸С¯ӡ߷¯ӣԱЩɲˡ
ŶŶû¾ͺáСҪʲôóȥҪԸŪ
ҹˣųµĶ˯ˡˣ´ǵĵ㡣ȥϢɣûˡ
ɢȥǻͷֵҹ䣬ȥϢŻ˷
ڣӰˡϽ˼Ѫ㡣¶ãĬĬץָû˯¿ڴϣ˼šǰûһ£ô˴Ӻζأ
ֱʱ֣ӰˡüйսһѪڡ
㣬˿ǴӴ󽫾ġ
һ
һ·׷ϣʧڽأǱ֮֮ܲ£׷׷žͲˡ

ҪԺﲼüءٸԲ˶ߡԽԽӰ˺ݡ
ݵȥæµˣǶڳ˼š
ˣӻ㱨ʱҲ԰ɣѵˣǡܲŴ
 

145 

ǰٰ㲻֮ʣһ߽˴ͳ츮Ļ԰԰ֻѩϣվţΪ߿˿ʣջ񣿡
ϼСи֣Ҹսӽͱ
ĻΪ׵ĺЦһ
ȴ˰ʱӧ˵
̴ǰϴѱϣΪ׵ĺ˲߹ȥ
ˣԸѾáڷ粨ϡݸƶϣɵж߷ɣϼҴСǡ
ӧﻬһ˿⣬һ̼һŮӣ˼˵
Ӱٻ԰־絽¶ԪʧƷԺ˽˰˰Ѳ鵽ϸ˵һ飬һظõܾܵͽӶصùҵʧ˽ȥ漴߷롭ϸϸȥЩ¶ǵӰ·þú֣ҹҹ̽鸮Ȼصĸ֪֡¥Լ»ӣһʧ𡣡
ÿɷӧʣأ
߷ڰٻ԰һμ棬̩Ҳڡ߷ᣬȥˣ̩ҲȥˡǷ֣ǲʱ߷ʱֺ÷Ҳȥˣû
˭ȥģ
ɡ
ùЩϢһϸӧЦһϹ൱ӪŮҲмֶΡظƶҪܵܳͷɫ֮þͶ˱˼ϼŮɴΪ˸ͷ
Ƭ̣ҡͷ˵Ϊ˸Ҫ˵ҹ̽ҵĸۡûô͡ǸضǺ¡½ӳһֻҵõġ
֪鸮»Ҫ𣿡
һһŮӣҲġﶷƬ̣ӧоһȻﶷ᲻ɣ
Ǳض
ף˵Ϲ·ǳɫ
һתתͷ⣬ס
áֻбʣȥУջáȤɡԺ̩Ȼȥ̲ԼĻػصάһ̼֣ƾʲôģ
ֿʳǷӧɭȻһЦһֱǹǼ£Ȼ̩طأԶҪȥˡع£߷Ķ̩٣һ׮ĹҪˡ
ǡ
£ӧվòŻͷ󡣲֪ʱһŮվšͷʣʦ֣⼸껨ôǲ֪˵ǲģôʵۻʵ𣿡
üƺ֡ӧָһ˵Ҳġ
Ŀ֣ŮΪֻǵٻˡ
ٻʵҶ߷Ȥܵõô䱦˵᲻ܵõģĿ¶ζ
˽˰᰸ʮգ˵Ļͻظһʱûˡ
Ϊ˱סӣòòڻ˲ԴʧϽ֣ΪƽϢƽŭ֣֮Ѳơɷ粨δֹϢҲǸԾģ㻳Ҳֻðס˼
ƣ½ҶëϹֻ̬ú޺޵ƿ
ƽ˾ص¡
һգѰ˼ϹµԸµ͵񸮲ѡּҵĻ̣˵˵Сڲ壬ܲѡˡ
ĵûƢǲɢ̵ѾߣһʣҦ˵ֵӣ¶Ļ»᲻᣿
̱𼱡׮˻˵ȥȻӰ죬빬Ǻ¡סӵһȣͷȥġүǶƷԱʱѡƷٻ֮һǿԵġ
Ͳ¶ȥƽ׵СѾͷơЩգٲ̾һΪ˰ѴֵֶѺ˼˹
̾ҦĥһʣǵöСı𣿡
ʵһ㶣ٷһ¾̾ãСѾͷԵúܡһǻô´½Ҷȴë˴Ǯ¿ˣҸֶ֣֮¶Ҳù
ū澾üȻһʱܲȴ֣
˼һ£ˡǰһֱ¡
ǰǲ֪үǲǵã
ĥµıҴլڴϣһ뵽ﴦգֻһ̾
ţһѾߴн̡
ҩûɡˣѾ߾ȰүйЩûɣһΡˣʧͻˣ
һɵۿʲô취
ū澾ÿԻӡ硭۲һת¸ҩʲôġ
 

146 

պҦֻҴլ
ٴ֣֮ûֵô˱¡ή˺ܶࡣĻüʣԸʲôãʹǸСѾͷɡ
˵öԡǡｻҪԸȳ֦Ҷ߳ѾġСʹǣܴδζǼң
΢¡˼һᣬ׵ķӣʲô˼
Щᱻģҩθᳶϸϵһ˵˲˭׷
Ҧָˣ¡˺ܾòŽӡ˸׵ĻʱǸѾߡ
պһСĲᡣ
˵裬ʮأҪԡ
ƹ˿Ϊ˰£ԼҪȣ
Ϊһλ˰¡
һᣬߡ
һСŸеʹ껷ܣֻ͸ż˿⡣ǿ򶨵صƬ̣һ롣£һ˹ظһ裺ʿ֪ǵĲ裿
˵ġ
ЦЦʣ׼Ǯ
΢˼һ£һǧ
֣һָֻһǧƽ𡣡
㡭
ЧĲȡ
üëһ»˵
ǹˣһ
ǹˡ
Ҧٶߵ˼䡣
պȥȡϴõ·˿
ôˣ
ˡʰʱһСĵˮֻϴһ飬ӻš鷳չڴСǰһ¡
ʵڣһΣͷ˵ðɡպá
ĺʱ֣˿ͻ˸
ȥաһǴȥˣ½Ҷٴֻѩãĥһ¾˵㣬ȥ߷ɡ
ú֣ȥ߷ʲô
뿴ʲôö
ôķǡɵؿ˵ܼۣܵɡòˣ֪ϴε»᲻أţɵõͷ߰ɡ
߷½ҶװŽûעԼ͹ս˻ȵһǣᳵ·ȥ
߳бһ½ӡ
һϲٲͷʣԭ빫ӣ㡣
£
ǸϴֻѩʦĶ
û뵽ʻѩãһ̶뵽ʲôЦһ¹˵ƺˡ
ʦôܳԻѩأ
żɸӺЦּ̯̯װ˵ѩϡ棬Եġ
½Ҷһ
Ҳ֪ûԡϴ˵еݣܻЩӡһת
ٴһ㶣½Ҷɵ˿æ˵ѩòóԵġӻңҰٽ𻹸
ЦһΪѵػش𣺡δġΪʲôҪûȥأ
Ȼ½Ҷ죬һ˵ҵܵϲ
ﲻţôĻԣתʣһģ
ҽҲˡʽ㣬½Ҷһ˵Ҫӣҽǰ˵˵ûΣ
üûɣ
½Ҷٴ
˵ʲôѰˡ
Ҷ⡣Һҡٿʮ־վţϲ빫Ҳڡ˵ʲôѽ
½Ҷ΢Ц½ʻûиõĻۡ
ɨ˵ܵһۣٴң壬û˵ǿֲġ
ҡȻ°ۣ½Ҷһ£ȴͻȻʲôĿ¶㵡ͬһʱ̣Ҳʲôһ㶣һȥַסµˡòԾ͵һͷ壡ôˣ
壬ɻͷеˣȥҴ򡣡
岻֪ʱ赹ˡɫɷףѪ
ܿ죬ˡ꣬ολֻס룬ɢҩһվͺõġ
ʱһٴξ˿֪ԼѪ֪Լ赹Ƿġ´Ķظ
ǰͻȻ˵Ϲ˵Ǹֳ¡㷲¶ʲô¡һ£ɸ˵
΢̶лһ˿ʣɵ΢Цص֪ϴζлæҲҪЩ
ϵᣬɲЦһ¡
ڹսǴӦ޳üĿ飬вá
Ӱ֪赹ҵֻͲüһᣬɫ糣˵û¡ֻҪжͲ϶һʱġ
Ŷ
ʱȫҪ뿪ʮգӽٳš
 

147 ֲ

գ۹ȥգûٷգңǹۡ
߽ɸĻ԰һѾͻȻУá
һǼæͷ
ٴλ赹ˣɷףѪǿڣңѾԸȥ򡣴ʱѹ˿֪ԼѪ赹ȶӿְк֢֮
ȲľǸæ˸ֻͲͲü俴˺ܾã
ΣǷԸȳҩ
ҩ尲۲˼գ΢ɡ
պԺ޼ҰݣһͻȻУ壬Ѫˣ
Ȼؿӣ㶵Լıӣһ졣
⡭
£ݡܳʱЩһؽ
ʱּҵĴŸˡʱɵδѪ
ʲô
Σ˵ӿϢȴ֮󡣹Ź֣Ź֣߶ţó¡벻ãѪֹסˡ
ǺǿŻ˯еԽԽľҲƲסǰĳ
ѵ¶
ǸкѪѵǶǴĶҩ
ãǲŸ߳󣺡˵ʲôһ߷ȥ򣬻һҽݡ
С㣬ǡ
ҵƣԲܵģܵȡ
ľæͷ
գûˡɼ˱Ĵɴ˵ȴղͬ
֮󣬵ûףλЩƫ
˵ף
ҡͷܵġ
ߴ˼Լʮָж˵С㲻ΪūġūСʲô඼ԹСµġ
òʣûʲô·ߡʲôˣʲôڸġ
ãҡͷ
ռ䣬붨ʮΣŪ޴롣Ψһÿ˵ǶЩͬ鲻ߣȴЩ㷣˼ܾû÷붨߷һš
ȥ󣬺޻
֮࣬ٿû쳣ǻʱ
佻ڣȻ֪ġ
̣ЩӴСȥ򣬵ûʹӡ
ҪȥˣǸ嵽׵ʲôֲ
ū澲ֻ֪֪żѪ˵ףƸŴС㲹ƷԵ̫ˡּҵ֪Ȥػش
Цһֻٰ
⿴֣佻ﰲ˼աתۼ䣬һλ赹ȥˡ緹ʱ֣糣ضŲȻ͵վס춯Ǿһ̧ͷشס
εδѪıʣһεգ۾ͱϸѪʪ·ʪ̣ȴŵֱۣվ罩ʬ
壬壡عǾվɨϵı̡ͬŵһ
ˣˡ
ԺڵļӸܽһŵôס
죬£㣡һָţǼֱת廹Ѫգۼʪ˴
ۿҪѪ͵ʲôҴұҳֻͲ˲ûãͲıϡȻѪֹסˡ
һᣬǲŻ񣬼Ҫɤ۵ڰЩҴһ룬ʣ̣ЩҽݵĴû
ʮҡֻлشááû
ã
￩һ¡֪پõĴм־衣˼Ƭ̣ҧҧȥ뾰뾰õĴΡ
С㣬ֻҽˡ
֪ǡȻһϽõҩԼĻץץָҽôδزΡȥɡùԼǮʱͲԼӡ
ʱ˿̣֤ݣҲ֪˶ơٳأֵô󿪷֮ţƾԼڡ
˼ˣ̲סԼ⣬û֤ݣֻܺݺҧס
ĵصȴţõĴˡ
ҡͷ˵ϢûУȲˡ
ǵģ
Լˡ̾ϢһҡҡͷԹˡ߳ȥǴһ˲űȥһƬӲ䡣
壡
۾֪ʱˣֹͣˣɫƺɫƺ͸ƺˡ
ûǿ޳Ų
С㣬ˡ
ŻͷЩʣо𣿡
ûش𣬾ĿͲϣϹѴϵģ
ͷ
̾һһ߻ᡣ
 

148 һ

ǺܿǲɢڵˣֻԼ¡
˿ƿӣܿʲôܽУܶŵʲôζҪס
⣬ûʡ
ϸ˸ӣѪƿվ⣬ץƿӣѪ˳ƿӿ
վ봲һ⣬ץסƿӣסۣ
˿壬γһ룬һ𽥱Щ͸Щ£һɵðδϹһС
ǵɴ۾
룬С͡
ʼ죬ѪƺൽƤϣ͸
һ˲ֻϷ߻һļ̱ǵѪʶһۣȴҧûСеƿһΣžһ졣
عʱѾϵĽ룬ץŵƿӡ
֪ʱƿӸˣ˿Ϸ졣
Ͽ˸ӣѪֹסˣѪȥȻ԰ȴ˺
𣿡Сʣмֶ
ûͲҸҲȲǸض֮򲻻˵ġ
׵ʲô
ֻӶһڣϲ˸ѡ

ѪԣѪͲϳֻͲѹƣѾѪ⸮ﲻɾ֪ںδֶ档
ڻشţóһֻƿÿʱһʮպûˡŶҪܺġָһֻСҩҩ۸ϣ˺ۡ
סǸæлʣ֪øҩѣ
֮Уˡǡ
߾򣬳߻˵С㣬ʲŷ붨˵ȥ˻شòû뵽Լˡ֪˭ġ
ٴɣǲۣסЦЦûˡ̰ҩϡѵġ
佻ﰲϷȴ־ȵʣû
ǰʲū澿佻󣬵˴ʱū澴ˣһ˵ûˡﶼѪˡ
ּҵģٰ˼⣬ĥòŷԸҦֻһҡ
ĺʱ֣ɲٴȥǸᡣ
ĻĿ΢򣿡
ǵġǸ˵ѪĹֲ׼ˣ˻شõľȥֻˡУԭ˵ģֻһ˲ˣһ𡣡
£ü飬Ƭ̲˵ˣƽ𻹸㡣
ƹƱһæ˵áŵùǡǻûбķӣ
һᣬԷҽЩ¿һ١ͻ
ܻܲӡһˡ
ü˭
ˣ˽һ߽ܵһԺ䡣ԺУڴ
Ƭֹ̺Ϣ
ôˣ
ҽʥ֣Ѫҧû
ҽ֣
شõľ򡣡
Ǻǡ˼ֻѪûСץȥҲ׷ٲĸãö¶ˡ
šҾú֡˿ֻһ˱Ѫҧˣһȴ¡
ͣһᣬʲôѪòϿûҧϡһҧˣ˭֪ءǵĿ޹أض˼
ͷһˡ
ЦЦðɡһԾ͡
ΣȽ֮ʱ½Ҷ߷ȥЩʱʱֻѩãȥǾҪšȻˣɴ಻ҽڣ׼Ǯ
߷ŭʣ޳ôϢҪ図˵һֱڹ
ߣ磬ǲϢŮдš˭֪дʲôװƭ㣬ҵ㱻ƭˡ
ִ˵һɲ˵ֻǸѾߵ˹ֲʲô취Ҫˣȴҡ
ֲҿŵ˹ֲ
㡭
һ·ɫϼûһö
޳ԩͷծɱ޹Ǹʲô𣿲ôǸѾ߾޹ġԮ֣Ϊβ
˸ۣӦ޳ûһ֪뵱ʹߡǻǸŮߵҶҲҪš
Цãɲ֪ôźáʱķ߹ɷ˵Ӧ޳
£ķɿһߵӦ޳Ц޳ǸרĵˡԽǽ֣Խôֻʵ䷴ó֤ݣŻš
֤ݣ
֤֤ǻˣ𣿡ķѭѭա
 

149 ôҧ

Ӧ޳ȥķǵĻ־ȥˡ
Ŀˣķǲ߻˵ͣˡ޳ȥ֤֤ǻˡ
ɴ㵡
ΪáֵΪ˸Ů˾ܣӰĵġ˵ˣ޳ִȴԹ˵ԼͻıǵĿֻкô
˵ʦָ߼
ꡣ㿴㣬һԲԡˣȥǸѾߵ׵ʲôֲ
ǵӦ޳Ӷգֱ図̲סɣŵ֪֪Ĳض죬뾰鸮Ͳʱѹ˶ĻѾˡ
ķǻû߳ȥ˽ӣ½ˣ˵Ҫֻѩá
ͬʱһ߹Ц̫ˡšʦܣֻҪһǧٽһҲ١
ķʩʩȻˣɺЦһȥ½Ҷ
Сֻѩû½Ҷë˵òֻȥ㿪۰ɡ
еؿڣһǧٽ𡣡

իֻһֻѩã۸Ҳǵһǧÿֻѩõëɫһֻëɫã󡣡
ȻΣ½ҶʱòУüŭôҪۣҵܵܲʦƽ٣һ˰ɡ
СһǧٽһҲ١û׼ʮֵػش
㣬㡭ιҪۣҪҸҽ̰ҡ
üν˵㡣Ҿ֪϶ġҿ⣬ɾӣǮ׬Ϊβأ
ƿԡΣ½ҶתתȰ˵㲻ҪҪˣôôԣ
ǲԡܱƫҪԲȥġ׳ʵˣһʱͿԳˡ
ĥӲ˺һᣬҧɿڣ½Ҷ޿κΡãֻ˵Ǳ취
Ƶˣֻӿֿ̲סֻɵСӣ֪˰ɡ
ʱشõĸ¥ϣķһֻ͸ƿƿһֻСָͷӡ죬̣ڼٵᣬԵʮ׺
ޣֻѪòȻףӣڡ
⻰Ц˵׺ĸñضޱȡѪúͺ̵һ֣֮
Ҳ²Щǣʹôϵ𣿡
ҡͷҿһ֪ϹһֻϽͲϵϽɢϢܿһж棬Ҳ˱ᡣûͲҸȥҲȲˡ
ϽȻֱ
԰ͦиġ
룬ķӡ
պ˼ҩ١֪ԼӸмǡһӰˣ֪һյ£֡
ӣ
ǰãֻͲ˵ûͲ͡ǰѾľ߷Ӱ꣬üò˵ͲڣӲܷɽ¥ҧˡ֪֪ôҧģ
ҡͷҷʹ壬ûҳʲô쳣
˼ãӰǼҹ¥ȥ鸮ԶӦ޳վһԶԶţĿ¶졣ŷӰʧķ򣬸ȥ
˹պܾãӰʧڳһ۵Ժ
ԶԶӦ޳ͣ½ŲԶһ˼һ¾档
ûע⵽ңӰѾһլƹһխ߽һš˴ж졣ͥлӳˮĵصġ⾳ãǰȥ
ʦ塣
ֹ˻һЦӰ£
Ͻ˵屻ҧˡѶӵ˵һ顣
һ⣬ȤѪþȻྩǺǡ˭õ֮˭

ֻմȾϢ֮﷽ѪñϡѪðҹжѸݣҧ߲ʹҪ佻ģЯͲʤ
ӰȥȺ߳һʣѪúҪҪҵĸã
лᣬһҡҸȤǡΪʲôѪҧǣ
ʵϣҦߵǺ˵ġѪֻҧ塣
佻ѪõĹ죬͵뵽ʲôæϸʡƬ̣ͷһȥ·ȷʵ˿һСġպȥòûġ
ϴ£
ļˡ
ҧãһҪģȻѰ˼Բߡ
ŶԲ֮ʱڵǶ֪Ϣռ䣬佻ĵ򣬺ܶ˶֪˿̰ԶԱȥ̣ĬĬţľָ̾
 

150 ̵

ҩˣϻָҲû˰̡ȬǸ˲١һգĸߣҦڴԼһǰ˸үȥǰֳȥΡ
ߵʱ䣬ĬĬһ£ѩҦֵһγһλ赹֮ǰաֳ֮佻֮ʣһþȵһաĿ˺ܾãǺݺҧס
ﲻԼȥ£˸ɵĺ¡
ҵǺñ겻ɢ
Ѱ˼ãóһǮĶøѰŻкô
ԴҵǷţǱóȻԭ̫·ĸ̫Ȼǿ˸ȴ·Ҳ١ˣȻż̽ЩϢҵļ֪ǸõĻᣬǺѰ£ճҲĿֻ塢ϡ
߰ˣº½Ҷȴڻ԰ʯϣԼ֡һ;ͷЩΡ緹󣬽̵ܵһ䣬ͻȻЩ
벻ͨ½Ҷץ𵶻ãܾԼķûࡣ
ɻţˡܿԺȥ̽Ͻ̡գ̩ҲڡȻǳ̤ࡣѰ˼̵ܵһǰ̣ǻǴӦ
ظʱ½Ҷ˵㣬˵˵̩ԶЩ
΢ǶٲʣΪʲô
ԺԼԼۡƺʵ۲̵̩ɣһ»ǣ㣬תԶ
˿½Ҷû˵
㣬Ҿð˵öԡȢģһ޺ô˵㿼ɾˣ˶á
ٴһ㶣̲סʣΪʲôôأ
ѩã½Ҷתת״Ҫۡ޸Ͳ̰ˡ
ǼֺЦֵǶԻˣңĺ͸㣬㲻Ҫ˭ɵ˵ˣʱ̰㣿ֲ
Ȼ
پɵǷǣǵͷ˼˵ǳ̤࣬Ҫúñ֮֡ס̩ദ˶ֻкôЩﲻᡣ
ôû
һۣסҵĻԺ֪ˡ
ǵܵܣһǰߣš
ҲŲ޸ҪޣϱӾͼˡʱûȢġ
ҸǣΪиӡԺǻʵۡлʵ۳Σ
½Ҷں棬ܾýıӰЩΣ֪ǲԼۻˡ
պʱ⡣ǲϰ䣬ž˾ѧװȥ˹䳤ȹժ˲ҡΣװݣԵ޶ˡ
⣬ܲŷС
˲΢Цһ¡
СǣܡӼͷԶһ¥úܺãпӡ¹⡣ڲݳݺɣĵʱڡ
ðݸһЦͷкܵܣҶôûɵģˡ
ڽ棬½ҶԾü㲻ΪʲôܾĪۣȴƺ˯ȡ
һ·Цص˹¥ܰȻĴɫǶʱ֮С
طǺþ¡
ǰ㿴ǰзȣȥǹ¥¥иܴܸߵͤӣԶۺӼͷ֡
ѽ߰ɡҶô̵ġ߿㡣
һ·ۣ½Ҷоܲ˵׺δֻûЩЩȡ
߶ԼȾ˷纮Ǵ񣬸˵طû羰رá¾
Ҳǵһ˵ǰŽɣһǰȵ𡣡
һ·̸ǰߣǰһĹáҽǷܣ赣ȻƣľȻûʡ
̾Ƭ̣Ǹܲʰ׶ϡ
ͤߴܿԶͷ
ԶƬ̣ЩʣʱںⶳΪδࣿ
⼸˰࣬ͷ˰˰ʲô˰ܡ̾һܲ˵ǰʮ̵ַҲûйȥǰ㷱æˡ˰̫ءҡͷ˵ȥ
⻰ǲɵתۿ˿Զ˼Ծʲô˼ţȴһϲ
Ϲ
תͷ΢Цһ¡תݽǣΪܾ
ܲҲڣܾһ˿⣬˶پʺʣû뵽Ҳ̤ࡣ
 

151 вû

ܲЦһ£Ҳˡôڳﵱֵ
һֱڼϽˡǰ˾ٱڳǽϽŵľݵ㣬ǰȥá
ͷ̾һǣ㷺ˡ
ԣܾ΢ǫ˼ͲʣϹǵһ𣿡
ǰǵ¸ߣҲ֪˴׳̨ͤء
ŶΣǱȥɡǱߵҰãܿԶɽľ
ܲ΢΢һЦȻϤá
˺ܿұߵһͤϡ˴ҰԶֻɽ࣬ľһƬȻܲձҲڼӣкһ¡ܿ죬⡢¹ⲻĹͣзζ
̻δʱһ˲ﷵء
˳ǣ̽ĸΪܲԼظ飬ŵܸܵǡĿ뿪ܾ΢פ㣬мɻ
߽Ǿͣ½ŲʣҶ㲻𣿡
һ½Ҷҡͷûʲô¡
û£ɫףնûɵģǲǲ
̤౾Ϊ½Ҷ̵ǰ;ȻעŵܵܵķӦһ·½ҶķӦ͸ŹŹ֣Щ᲻񣬲֮㿪ѯʡ
û뵽ôʣ½Ҷ˶١Сǿ׳ЩСΪ⣬ԼȾ˷纮Цȣҹ˯òãЩۡ
ûϿʲôףǵͷ˵ϢԺ岻ʣҪǿ֪𣿡
š㣬ȥɡ
ˡϢɡ˵ݼҵĻţһʱֲԼСĵġ
뿪˼͵վסţĪ˶ӡ˼⣬ܾڸ
ûʺʣϹҶûʲôװɣҼɫ԰ƺе㷺ңûɵġӸ˴ˣ
û뵽ܾô˵ͷһҲԾ
ͷһӣӺټϰ䣬żз纮Сûɣƺ᲻𾢡

ܾ֣ʣϹôˣ
ͷֵĻţٴ𼸺ҧĶӣǿЦЦңҡҪȥشһˡ
üûɣֻ˵˳·ȥɡ
شⲻԶӭԸ図ǣ΢ٲٿܾüɫЦһ£ϹôɰŶ˲æôпڽй䣿
һķƵܾɵ֤ݵĺˣһۣ̲ػش𣺡빫Ӳ߷տ⣬ôпڽй䣿
ұˡ
ٽ£š
ҪîˣЩ̧ΪΣ壬к޺ô
ĥţԲ빫Ҫȥش𣿡
Ϲأ
Ҫ뾰Ҷ˾˳·ͬС
΢гԾ½Ӳˣ
֪ǲǲܵɷ׵ż빫Ա㣬ȥشˡ
ˣɸգűܲǳ̤࣬ĳ֣ǻ˳ǾԸˣ
شǵĻĿ¶档
ȻԼ˵û£ϹΪ磿
Ҷϰ䣬Сǿ׳ټûɵģ鷳һ£Ҳŷġ
򲻽ܾĥžҪڰǻ˵ˡ
ͷ½һ£в޲˫ϡ
ԣܾһ㶣һֹ֪Ÿգ̲ס˵빫ӴֱʡθɣΪƲģ
شõҩƷʼѣ۴뿰ƽС˾ЩҩĲҪǮ򣿡
죬ܾ֪α⡣
Ƽܾһƣ̲סЦһ£۾һɣתͷȥ
˵ɫԺЦŻǾһɣϹ빫˿ܵͲˡ빫Ҫˣģıɡ
°ۣɺԥؿ֮ԡ
ٴοһ£תתⲻл
Ǻܿȥ·ϣܾбۿ˵Ц쵰
½Ҷ²ãűŴˡ֮࣬˵ͷˡû£ֻеۡ
üһᣬ˵֡
΢֡
ãٴο۾һᣬֿʹռ״תͷһЩĵǣЦЦû
 

152 ޽֮

仰ʶ˿æлžƫ裬½Ҷ˵㣬û¡㲻õĵġ
û¾ͺˡúϢ
ʱűˡ˽Ļ򷢶ӻȥϢȻʣǶҶôˣ
ʣǰ屻ҧ˵ˣȻ˵ճţҾûҶЩûɣ뾰ȥشõʱ빫ӣˣǵ֪Ҷһ̽
ü˶پʣ¶
ĸģҶû¡
ЩȻ֪ġͷ΢ݣ΢۲ŵͷǶˡ
ӦõġΪңǾͲݺҶˡο䣬ߡ
ƫɺܾһߣһеƷ裬һ˼ʲô䵭֪½Ҷû£ɿ˵ˡȥ
Ц
˺ܿ뿪⣬ԶԶǽĿ¶ζ
Ĳ͵ذͻظɲʣˣ֪ǸΪʲô𣿡
û뵽ʺܾһ㶣ٴ֤ݵĺˣ˳ĿʣϽг𣿡
̯̯֣û
һᣬװˡ׷תߡ
ˣ㻹ûشҵ⡣
ֹбһۣкô
һĲˣЦһ˵꣬ҾЩԹʵܾӦһתҸߴһ£Һ顣
ǼϹйϵΰйأ˿϶ĵġǿ
һܾʣ£
ǰϹѾߵ˹ֲãȻˡ
ֲ
һֶҧġܾΰڳòùܣ
΢ܾһᣬ£üʣ˭ɵģ
ϹĵŮе׵ĵܵܡɸﵱҵȴ˾أ
򴽣ܾʣô֪
ʱϹĴǸѾ߿ʹңҾ֪ˡ
ٴο˿ܾƬ̲˵ǣҵһλˡʱѾݵ̫ҽԺԺж鰸޹֪Ϊ
ܾˣɻƶϳʲô
䣬һƮʡ
빫ӣ
תͷһһŮЦӯӯؿ¡
ùǸ˽зڸѲס˶գĸ׳ɢģظʱͿվ·ԡʧ⣬ٿɣ¶ʱ˼Ͷģ˲ųڣȱȻţԼȻûϣ޸Թ֮ңõѡ
˼ţ߹ʣˡôһվ⣿
¿߹ȥͣһ¡
Ŷ㾭ڵ𣿡
Щؿ˿żڡ
빫æµȥ߷ɡ
û뵽ô˵ܵӭ֮»£ˡתȥȺ図תֽǣһӾߵûӰ
Ŀ뿪¾͸оˣȵػͷһ֪ʱϽ
˵һ۾ʣ¶ʶɣ
һ㶣ڴ𣺡ϴȥ߷ʶˡôˣһĲˡ
Զ㡣޵Ҫʰ
ԣ¶ʱԼĵù¡ˣǸԼġԼù̲סһڣЦ磿²ĴţԼ˲㣬Ǽҳϡ̯ù͸ˡ
ţ
۽һ磬ȰԶ㡣Ϊ˾˼ҵùڡߣҿ󽫾廨ͷпá
Ǹ磬µͷظ
ýıӰϽ˼˺һᣬ޺޶ݸȥˡ󽫾ϾǴ󽫾һʱùǲĿɽ֪ԼǸϽģĸֻ˼ȣָŴһƷ鹣ܸǰ̡
ø˼ǰ;Ѿսشá¥ϣ˼߹ȥһ񣬿żɽʣ½Ҷû𣿡
΢⣬˿ʣΪʲôôʣ
£Ⱦ纮ûɰɣ
ЩζЦЦ½Ҷ˶޽֮
էĸ֣һֻһ˲סɻʣʦ˵û޽ֻ֮в䷨ҽʥ֣ô޽أ
 

153 벻

ûŭɣҡͷǵͦεġ㲻֪°ÿ˾Լʺиܵļޡν޽⣬ǳԽ˼ޣǡ
ɡ
վһᣬ˵ֶศɣԭǺģȵٰչȥˡʱԳอҩʯ̲ʱʦҸΣҾ͸һӺ߳档߳жԡշȫȥΪ֮߳Ĵ̼½ҶŻǰʾ֢״ǲеĴҡ
о𣿡
߻£豭һڣĶѾʮվͻῪʼӰ¾ͻ᲻ζԽǳҩԽ졣Ψһİ취ԷѨ֮סʮҪѨǿаѶѹھӵʮ塣
һѨ
Ѩ½ҶΨһĻᡣʮһǡǽļ֮աʱ֮Խ֮һͬʱѶʮҪѨǿаζҪһҩǸ̼ʹ࣬ƫ½ҶͻѪУʮɼ¾㱸ת˿ֻɡ
ؼǣǸҩǡѩ֥˵䡣
üԽýˣɻòһһٵʣѩ֥ǣǣѩ֥Ľ֮ԡѪã̵ͬһģ
ǰ֪ǲǣ˿̾ȷˡҿ½ҶȱѪҧˣš˰Ѻߺ̵ĵۼʳ
벻ɣֻǶʮ꣬Ǹĺ̵ͽˡƽתһˣķǡ
ߺ̵ķǵڲסľȡ
ԡѪ֮Ҷͣƫ¶ںϣܴκһֶЧߺ̵֮Ƚȴɢʱ仯ת޷ҩʯۼƳӡ˲½Ҷκ
ķ򴽣û˵ȴʣзҵǵŵأ
ûش図ߵŽ
Ϲˡ
һ¥Сʣ򣬻Ҷǲʲôף
ŶϹΪôʣ
ȥܾòԾֻȣɫ԰ףûɣ˵Ҷɫ׻Щҡ˴̰꣬Щ۲˵ı£ῴġ
˹۲΢֮΢¶˼һ²Żش𣺡ȷʵЩףһʱ䲻⡣Ҫһ룬ɡ
ţֲ䣺ﲻܵܣЩȥδʲôˣԹʲôճע⵽
һᣬǵЩɷףֻĻŵҧסƬ̣ͷ
صȥص¥ϣֻĬڷǰ·
룬ʣҪߺ̵ǳһѩ֥ضڼɭ֮ѩ֥أұضᾪĻ֮ˡõҩþۼҽΣҲֻɡƺ̫㡣
ӽյʮ壬ֻвµʱ䣬ڲִ١ֽ񻧲ȱ㻹иҪҪķǽŷһʱ˵½ҶǷĹؼֻݾߣԴбҾǲģֲ׵ܵܡ
ߵ£ɴò̧ʣߺ̵ǳһױضġܷѸҵĳѨ
üķʣҪ
һΪ˱ѩԩ޹ǺͻʵЩʲô𣿶ҡҶ϶ӦԪͳǱ̵Ȼϡ
վɶžʩһ񣺡ҽͨҩԻ跨ȡã߻
һᣬĿ¶ѩ֥֮أɺп֮Ϣѩ׶Ⱦ졣̵ܾϣɿʳѩ֥̽Ѫ֮Ѷɱ䡣ʶǧʬɵ֮Ϣٸ԰򶾳桭ܳΪѨ
򴽣˼Ƭ̣ĬĬͷ
ҹˣڻ԰˼Բߡ
ķǴӻƳ¿һ˵Ǿʬ֮أɷ֮һ
һδ
Сɽ´һƬܹʯ£Ҳڸһĵط죬Ǿڡ˶٣֮󣬴󲿷ʬŨأʬˣʽ򡣡
ʦֵ˼ǡ׸緿ǵˣ
ķ΢΢һЦ緿˲ʬʬǾСׯɹ̡
 

154 Ұ

Сׯһ㶣Ѱ˼Ƭ̾Ͱܾߵĺ˵ķ
ߵƬ̣СׯΣǸɵĲҩ֪ʲôڵģ
Ԫ궬šɹļҾûҲ֪ʲôɱضĳػصĹϵɵõʲôԴɾ˽أ
˻һ͵뵽ʲôķҲ΢΢
ֻ۶һᣬʦֵͬѩ֥
ķ˺ܾò˵ˡСɽ֮ԵΪɽѵСɽѩ֥Ǹҩˡҩ
ʦ֣ǿúѰǵĳѨȻȡѩ֥ٻˮ׷˳±ֻҪѱ𿥼Ρ
𿥻æ
ǰδػᡣҶû£ġ
ٴοһᣬķǲɵúЦ˵㲻㼸ʱ뵽ģ
ʼ磬ҶֻѩõʱСǻظ£ڽڰˣ鸮ʵϹ˵ġҿϹ´˿Ըô֡ɶĸӱض֪СǽǺлúĴȡùһãʱˣҶھֻʸ֮ġӲԶУΪպ̵档õѡ񡣡
꣬ķǿһᣬȻˡļ磬ɵȥ顣գڱ벼׵ǸʦӧйϵӽǴڵһ֡
Ȼصصͷ
Ŀķʧںҹٴ˼Բߡ
ͬһʱ̣佻ƻǺ¿ϣžĻȻ
Ƿʤ
ûܺ壬תҶˡ
̾һǱ˱ۣѹסͷĻ̿ŶԲߡ
֪Ѫòҧǲ뵽½Ҷεжġ
ǰжǱ˵Ĺ켣ȻǨתֵķȴƺˡ
ŵܵܣǼһҹûкۡ峿緹ûԾʹҴȥǰúܾòŸ̫߳һš
½Ҷڷ﷢
ϢһҹɾͷΣ˵С޽⣬ˡ
ܵһ緹ǿɫǸ
һռ䣬½Ҷü͸ֵУ·ЩĻסľʣҶ󣬳߷ȥδ
һ࣬½Ҷú֣ʱش
ȥθ򲮸ĸлȥΣһȥԿһϽй䣬йһθԵ
ںδԵģ
˵ġǸطڡӼͷиݣ̺ȣԳԿ򡣿úܺóԡ
˵ܵһᣬԿʱֻ̣
԰
ԽԽòԣǼʵܵз¡½Ҷɻ˵£ƺûȵȣһҹ죬ΪͳȥʱƳһ˿죬һͲˡ
죿ģ
ͷ˿󣬡ֱ
˸Ǿӣ
һһէһ½ҶЦҡͷ㣬ǵСҲ£
ݺݶţΪʲô½ҶѪһܵߡ
ȥģ
شáĥߴߡ
˻شòŵ֪߷룬ŵܵ߷ȥ߷ûʣƹľʹȥˡתȣڵǡ
½ӣߵԼȥɡлҪ˵
յʮַ½ҶЩüûɷ羰תͷȥˡ
Ŀ͵ܵˣǲſɣ˵Щʲôһ˵Ϲܵ˶ⶾҪҵһζҩ㲻ϰ䣬ҪΪá
׼ǻǱĻסɢҧסŵʣ빫ӣ㣬˵ֶ𣿡
ӡǡֻӡһҵҩЩҪģ¾ͲҪˡ
أǵҡ˵ҲµʵĿ¡ĬĬץסָһᣬ̧ۿһһٵ˵ҵܵܡΪҪңûҪԻҶ֡ЩҰﲻ㣬Щȥȥ㡣һ£վûнгֻ֣˵빫ӣ֪ܹңҲ⣬ȥðȴװ֪
Ź⣬زס飬żᶨִšʲôû룬ס֣Ұ㣬𣿡
 

155 

ûлشҲûг֡ЩѾ˵֪ˣ֪˭˵Ͳʣ֪
Ĭһᣬס֣΢Цһ£ش𣺡áһ̣ͻȻãˣһֱǴġ͸øţߡ˿̻ü
΢ЦǶȻÿİЩһƲȥĵƺɢȥ˲١
˵һ˽
λǲǸýһ£
һ㶣ͬʱͷһķǲ֪ʱ⵽ҡŰѽ˿ӣһֵĺЦӦ޳һĲˣԼĵ⡣
շӿɿ֣ȴЦһ£Ϲǵ˵ɡȻת˵ʦֻˡ㡣
š޳ιһӡ
ķǽ˻Ӧ޳һۣͷˡ
Ӧ޳̬ȣ˿ϾƽˣɴҲ˻£ķҡ˼ӾʣϹ֪ܵжˡ֪֪ǸѾôҧģ
û뵽壬æ˵֪ȥϴ·ӡ˵ӱӽܺߵܸ֪֮˵ϢӺ
΢ķüЦֶΣ֪˭ɵ𣿡
֮ǰ޻عҡȣȥˡʱδ̫ˡ
ԣķתʣֻΪӣֱӺܵܲǺܼ𣿡
ȷʵ뺦̶˶٣ɱ˺²ÿ˶ġҾģûǼûпɽɱòãֻԼȥҵкܶ檣ĶŮҲĿŵؼӺЩ˼ɵġ
˿ɣ˵ҽճʱȥʱ֪ҶˡҲ֪ҪʲôҩܽⶾܸݼҵĹϵУһ㣬ܵ¶ߵߡ
Щ⣬Ķ˸üȴû˵
ĬƬ̣ķͻȻʣǲһɫͲͲ𣿡
Ȼ˵Ҿ˾µĽ飬ӦÿԵġ
ٴξ˼ãɵȻıϹǸᡣҪ跨ϼү
üĥһᣬǵͷ˵ɣһֱһᣬ᲻мƵġ
á
ãǴ˸ûеȴ½ҶͬС
߻ͼķǰһָСͭ
˿ֺֻɫͭɾʣʦ֣ȥջ𣿡
£
򴽣ͭ
ķüʣʦܣôͬͽðˣ
ҾС˵öԣЩȥʡƬ̣޵̾һҸоó֪˭Ҳ˵Ҳ֪
Щ⣬ķתͷ˵Ϊ˴½Ҷ㣬Ϊܱܵߺ㲻ҪٶŮ鳤ˡֱΪҪѨô򵥵ġ
ֻͭҩΪ˵ڵĹ൱˵ãÿνɽᵢ߰գʮգնһνɽһͭһƬѩ׵ҩġǰɫҩģȡ˴Ǯơûʼкҽ޹ղΡ޳װȥ̽ɽ·һͼͭͼԼġʰʱͭͼΪʰĹ
ùͭϸùͼоһᣬʦ֣иӡۡ

ƺһӡ¡ֻͭ˼£ƣ˿Ϸ졣
΢ķΣİôû֣ǸǡҲʲôöŻ˴ǮƣԿ⻭ͼ¼ǺţԱ´ȥ֪ˣǽ
Ƭ̣ɵͷĳ
ţŲ죬図߽
ӣ½ҶҪ㡣
⣬½ҶŴվţɫЩ԰ףȭͷȴյúܽ
˳Ŀ˵򶼸ˡ룬빫ӣл
ļ磬㲻µģɡЩӵ𣿡
ţ½Ҷѩѿ˵꣬͵ʲô£ü˵뿾޹أǣһҺ;Ͻй䡣һ˵иطƷ²衣һʱȥƷյ²衣͸͸Щ졣ζлظʣԼġɬ
ɬ
ԡ
ĸ᣿
ڳǸط̫ۡСľײᡣһ᲻ж
 

156 ¶

磬ξˡκûж裬ĲǵɫģͬɬлظʣϸϸȽϣ½ҶĲԡ
½Ҷߵ£ξԲ۾ϢڵԾİŭ쵰Ȼ߰̽ӣūţҲ
סҪξ½Ҷҡͷ˵ղű֤һֶ˵ģôˣ
һ
ݾߡ
һ룬ξйشͷǸ˵ҶҡͲڵġ
¡˭֪ȱպٴáĺѵļ磬½Ҷοһ䡣
Ĭһ£ת˿ɣԾʩһ񣺡뾰ֵܡʲôҪģܿڡ
мιӿ԰æ
ɵĻξһһ룬صصͷʱξ½Ҷ뿪߷
ߺ図߹˵ӣľײֻаӣСúܡƹһԲˣһƣʮ¡ƹ˵Ϊı˶ںԶĵطῪҵ࣬һֱܵ͵Ľַ֪ĲࡣʲôӼ
˼һ£֪ܿҶ˸ҵĽն»ҵԼȥġ
߷ӿ鸮ȵʣС쵰ˣ
ū̫Ѿ˽˵ġ˵һ磬С緹ûԾͼҴҵȥˡ
緹ԣô
ǰū澾ر̫֡Сϵ֪¸òм١
ĥţתͷԸؼȥʺǼ¼ʱܳɣ
ҦӦȥˣϺݺһڣС쵰糬
Ҧֳûã˻
С㣬Ҧֳˣȥүҡ
ץסǷĿ΢Ը䣬ȥҽһյһ£˵үѵһأرġҺþ˵ȣԼҩͺá˵ү⣬Щӻס
ͷٴһˡ
ĬƬ̧̣ͷƣͷӿŷߺޡûи½ҶʲôҲµóֶضѽ⣬羰ҽʥҲûʮİա
һˡ
Ǳ䱾ˡǰʹӿ˿ۣӱ¶ı㶾ЫĶŮֶҲһġҲˣ³ɺվҪġҲٹ֮ˡ
ʱҦֽҴլĺʱ֣ٴȥ˳ĹƬ̾ƽһС߽һСĲᡣԶš
ˣôģԼȾ˷纮ʲôİɡ
ǣǸ¼ʱܳɣ
ļģЦЩ̫¶šĵȰɣպϢġ
գ
ԡһĲ¾Ͱˡ
һ϶ͷ
ϣꡭȥҲ磬ද䣬ǰʮʮ졣Ҳ˶Ŀһ䡣
괧˼ˡ
ˣǸԶۡѹţŰգһ˿Ҳޡ
ǻص߷ʱڵȡ
Σ
ȥСľײĺ棬էȥڲͬĽϣƺɣʵϸͬһԺӡ￴Ʋ൱ûнȥ˵꣬ķʣ鿣з𣿡
ȥΣ֮ǰӲȥġȥ֮ǰҦֻȥټһѾߡգѾߵ˺͡ȴգǸѾʧ侮ˡҸ˸һ
ǸѾûмˣ
ĸֻһ硣ڽɪ¥Ժɪ¥ҵĲҵɪ¥ŵӪﻹϢһЩҹǣߴЩù£ĲСѡŮȻʵĳϯֽ顣붫֮ó裬ֱȻ˾ӣ̫͵óˡ
ԣðΣǸѾߵĸڽɪ¥ֻ֪Щ·òǰױһᣬİɪ¥á
ԡݼҵĺıܻйڡķǵͷͬ˵ѽɪ¥ݼҶͻңڻ
ķѣɴĦţͷ
˺ֹܿһ鿺ķٴȥ
ߺվڻϼÿһ˼ظоʲôתһ
һݵĺŮ˸ɣСǽʲôҪæġ
м⣬Ų죬̶һȵʲô
 

157 ʮɰ

һתػش𣺡û㡣
ɵشЦŮģ
ŮʾһƵػش
ι
Ƕţɲɵתһ±Ӧ޳ɣ޳ʶ

Ҿȹ
ߣǾȹң߰ɣҰΡԺԹ壬ٸʽ顣űӦ޳ؾ
ꡣҾʵΪ˲ǷŰҵġʽ飿˭н飿˻ȥ
Ǽ죬סӦ޳΢Цʣ֪γƺ
Ӱ
Ӱ
Ӧ޳ڻشԼҲشȻͬʱһ㶡Ӱüһ٣ҵеģ
Ӧ޳һ̶ݺݶţ㡣ߣ磬Ǹˣϵ
Ӧ޳ǻˡ
ߡҵҲеġûòһ仰Ӧ޳پͦصˡ
°ۣӰתʣ˵½Ҷ˾綾ʲô
ŮĲ̬°ĥžͻش𣺡ߺ̵֮
ߺ̵ʲôֶ
Բ۾־ȣɵЦЦߺ̵Ѱĺ̵ɱģڳһ
һʣģ
˿̻֪²ھڸ˼һ£ɰѲ鵽Щһ
꣬ӰʣСǽ˵ҸͲ˰æʲô
½Ҷеľ綾Ҫõѩ֥ΪҩҪۼͨ硣ǵֲ㡭֪ĳܷһ
ûش𣬷Ӱͷ룬Ҫʲ֪ȷǳ
ס
Ȼᡣ
ӰʧںڰɸӾȡ
ˣӦ޳ٴ߳˵磬㲻ϼҵһ˳һլԺ￴ͨȴ͸ҾΡ
㼸ʱʶģ
룬Ӧ޳һ߷Լ׷˵ˡ
ɲ֪нң˵С˵ǸͲ˾˵Ҿ÷ﲻǻˡ޳˼Ҿ㣬һˣò
Ʋ죬Ӧ޳ûǻ˼Ƭ̾͵ͷȥ
Ӧ޳ܿǱ˳ǼլԺںڰվƬ̣ɴﴳһ̺оյعսһߵլĹ˰һԻȥʧС
ʱӰѾ˴ǰǸͥԺ
ߺ̵
ǵġ˵½Ҷ˺ߺ̵֮ⶾҪõѩ֥Ҫۼ½Ҷͨ硭Ӱɵ˵һ顣
꣬΢΢һЦ취м˼ôﾡá
üһӰʦ壬Ƕҩҩﾡã
˭˵Ƕҩģ

̾һȤ˵˴ջȥֻҪѩ֥ץĸáߺ̵һԳִ½Ҷ־ͲˣֻҪԽʱ½Ҷϸϲ¥Ʒ絶лᳬԽ״ﵽߵľ硣Ϊرĸúͺߺ̵ǵսƷ
գۣʦ塭ǳץõ𣿡
Ц֪
Ӱʣʦмɰգ
ʮɡ
ȷӰ˵תͷһЦôã𣿡
˾סһ»ǴԾ£򴽣ȭˡ
ӰⲻѣӦ޳ôģ
Ӱ㻹Ҫĥ֮ǰ͸һΣ޲
ȻӰݺݵһӦ޳߷°ۣװû
ȴתӦ޳Ƭ̣ƺǵأг𣿡
£üӦ޳˼һ»ʣ֪ǰϼʲôϵ
Цһûϵ
ǣΪʲôǣ
ڱ½һ£ͽЩԵҾӰȥ˶ѡ£Ӱɡ
Ӧ޳˵ðˡ
ÿɷֻ˵ӰͿ͡
ߡ
֪˵ʲôӦ޳תǰӰݵظں档ʱͥԺվӰݺݵص߳ʣң
ӣӦ޳ĪЩ飬ԥһ²̯̯֣Ҳ㡣
ߣӦ޳Ƿǲ֡Ҹ㣬´αٸңҪÿǱëˣӰüһһݻʧҹĻ
վԭسӦ޳Ǹ˷ƵĴݣͷЩ䡣һţ߷ϻء
 

158 ҧ

Ӧ޳ص߷ʱӰո뿪ת߳üʣ޳ɫôôѿ
磬и֣ĴöࡣǷӰʦ塣Ӧ޳ԼҷӰ˵һ飬ྩ̶Ѩĸȴ˿֪
΢ɳ˼һ²˵ûж֣˵ѷǵСȻԸ½үоɣͲҪɹˡһѱȶһ˺á
Ӧ޳û˵
ĬƬ̣˵ӺƶϣضҲ˺֮Ҫ嶾ףȸЩǣо񡣡
Ӧ޳ȭͷ
ͬһʱ̣ڳࡣ
ӴүŶѽˣ٣һҵĹһˮѾһʡ
ҵġҲ֪СϵͦãٵġүٹһϮˣҲ˷˵˼ȶףӭȢһ顣
Ѿתת˼ϸ˼䡣
ŵˡˮѾ߸һҧһ䡣
ʱѹүϽԺЦӰ£һ޵ѾȰžƣ
źѾȴ˵سڵݺĵزڣһֹ̹˼䡣
һ磬Ͻƿ˯Ѿ˦˺üͷѡŮҲˣεεؿסıүֲȥţ˯һ
ת˿ϽپȤ˿̾ˣŮ˱Ȥְһƣˡ
һıѾ߰Է°ۡʱֵҹǸˮϴһ濴ϽϴһǸأЩѾߣƺЦһ¾˵үū˵үˡС㼱òС
Ŷ˺á˲źء
ûʲôȤѾ˵˵СϹġүأֻȡѽ˵Ҫˡ
ʲôϽ̧ͷףļң
ƺǡҵġСѾڳ˵©졣
ڵվϽݺһӣ½ҶҪ
Ҿܻ飬ϽɶңȽȽȥûһŮ˱ȵңġÿÿ𣬾޽⡣ʱѾߵĻ͵סӣʱƢ
½ҶһᣬϽݲʰԼ緹ҲóԣֱϷ
ܻˣѾЦƳһǸүװĶλѽ֪ôء
㣬ʲô˼ѽ
ûʲô˼ҾǾáЩһˮתȦӿɾͲֵǮˡЦţеضˮˣڵŮס
ѾǵİϾϽضĸ׽һҪֹ¡УҲ½ҶȢң塣
⣬̲ס̾˿Ѱ˼һᣬǲѾӣο˵ķˡ㣬Ǹ½Ҷġõġ
ʲô˼
С㣡ݺݴһ¶ӵĶͷٸҧ˼¶䡣꣬ϽԾʣļٵģԣ˵ǲˣֻùȡ
ƭͰĵصš˵ЩȥܣÿЩ
ĸװΣϽڻعζһĴȣĴָάݣݣкãá½Ҷˣҽ㻹ȥûģԸߣˣȥ
ģ½ҶˣǾʰСˡСһû˽磬ΪǡѰʱá
ͷϽʣʵֱӰ˾͵ˣαطѾ
ɵѽЩӣС˽ģ˾׸Сһ»ÿСһûˣСưոݣǼ⼸¿ù˵ͷһֻ»ᳶǵġ
˵ˣСһϾǶӣ˭֪ôģ˵ܸɣƫǸŮңҲó衣ЩõôѾ𣿡̲ס̾˿
ô˵ϽЩ飬ЦǣҲҪʶ磬ܸ󽫾
סڣһס죬һۣסԺ׼˵£ǽж
·˸ۣϽ֪Ȥصͷ֪ˡҶˣԷɡ
Ͻܿ˾˾˼ңҵ죬ţ˳ݸȥ˲Զ٣Цһ¡
ʱ֣һͽ佻
꣬ǽŸ֮һ棬Ŀ¶
ɵšѾҧ˹
 

159 

󽫾Ѿˡʱķ˳ָżĵѾ߳
Ӻ꾫֪߳ܵļˣûүӲˬ𣿾ͻƱģսͿүӹǣС˶͵Ҥȥ
ѽأү㿴ǲ붺㿪ôô˵ǡ
ǡʲôѽ
ͨѾ߶ģųϲó裬ضؼٿޡ
Щˣűѽˣñһ
үɵ˵乫Ů˺˹קסҡֳһš
һӵŮ˳£ͷˡ˦Ѿߣֲһ豭һңʲô졣㣬㣬㣬ȥѾȫϳȥָųϵıҲһҹȥǹģ˭ѽ
ǳҲǵģһ˭ѽ֪үΪ˭һδεصǸŮ˾ôãԸ£Ȱ˼ɣֲġЦżҡëʩʩȻ
ȵȣվסǻʲô˼ʲôֲң
ֹתϴǣһ˿үأȻ֪ǰȥɩ˵Ǹȫû˸ȢŮ˹˾׸ܾ˵ôݵĴ㣬Ϊѽ
ܾĵ磬иүǿЩ£ʵۻҪչ˵ġϺε˵Ƿǡ
üʣܾ
ǰǺܶ˼Ҷע⵽ˡǸŮȻǸϹҲǵˡ˵¶˼̫ǹˡ
һ㶡
Ȱ㲻ҪΪͺɫŮԸͷԼҵǰ̱ʲôҪ
ˣץסͷ
ǸصŮ˵ȤֻռкκŮˣǡɫɫŰŪ֡½պգԶ鹸߹ֻԶԶˮֱͻ䣬Ǭת
Ǳ永ǣǸŹѣƾʲôװ߹ƲԼڲãԽռ˼и׹پӶƷǿ°ˡģûԸ˴򣬶˹١ԽǲԸԽ롰Ӯ
ųϵļЦѾ߽үϼүˡ˵иҪ¡
ǰΪĥҵ˲˳ۣӴڸԡǣϽ̽ûܼձͷٻķߺޣһڣүһȡ
̺Ͻױ½ҵС쵰Ҫˣ
磬ǧȷҴʲôֲֻҪø졣˵ҽżòС군ˣһ跨˵ҵԸ
죬Цʣ˵ܾˣ
һ޺ޣϽһתϣ԰˸㣬½ҶǸС쵰ܾȥǸҽ㡣˵أ½ҶҽҸ˼ҡҲ㲻ˣܾûȢġ
ܾãݺݵܾҸŮˣҪŪŪ
ŭϽϲһͼӴ׶½ҶܾǸʯ
һᣬˡѰ˼ãذɡ½ҶǸ쵰ҵ˹ߺߺߡȰС쵰ɵøˡﲻ
ﵽĿģϽЦѡ
Ħȭ׼ٴζԸ½ҶʱηḮ㣬λ̫λ࣬մ״ʡԣĴŮӱȻǿȴסҸۡ⿪
԰ӱη˵ĻЩʣҸ
ǰǰӰ˵ʲôرҩģɫģ˵Ĳ˹ϵҾú֣߿ڲֻвܣһ̫̫׽ǡ֪֮һ
룬ӱ¸̾һϲϡŹֵı͸̩һŪĸ𣬸ʲô˷ܵһ¶ûլ
ҩ𣿡
ûܹܿ϶֪ҴҲ֪ٴλһᣬʱȻѾǻʱ䣬Ԫ괺ĩҼǵú길ȥԳþ͵ʲô
ֶӸûˡӱòǲңη˵Ļɷֶ
ܾüʣηôͻȻʲôҩģ
˵ǰġǡɷǹء
ʶܾûѯʾ˵壬ȥξ˵ʲôء
 

160 븮

ܾθȥһᣬ͵ס˽ţĪһûɵ½Ҷ˼Σͷȥǰҽظ֪ү߷ȥˡ
΢⣬ܾĥһỹ߷
߷Ļ½ҶξţֻѩöͷԲݡ
ӣξĿ¶ʣҶϲӣ
ҲϲӣҾǾÿɰһ£ëʵ
һӵĶ䣬ξ˵Ӿ͸Ұò࣬ëɫÿЩϲëȥʮֻӾͿˡ
°ۣӺʲôãŮӴࡣ˵⣬뵽ʲô˶١
ûע⵽ѵξץƬݵݸӡʱŲ죬ܾ˽ʺ¿½ҶٿξŪʲô飿ȥ˵ʲôҩʲôģᵽǲĸ׸ǰϹ˵ʲô
û뵽ˣ£ξ¾棬תЦǰˣڰ
ô֪
٣ҵĶأ֪žǵΰ˾ܲ𣿽ɪ¥֪ɣ
üɪ¥Ǹž֣֪
ֹξѽɪ¥ǣ߰ɱ˵°ٵؽһ飬䣺ǵطǸᡣûȥҶȴЩ˵Һáûˡ΢٣ξɵ˸Сѡ
˵ɪ¥ҵĲҵˡĳҹ𣿡ξһת˸
תƬֿ̣ܾ˿½Ҷûˣ
ǡл˹ġ
áҾ»͸Щɫ˵õġ
½Ҷһ
ξҲһæԲ˵ûеģʲôɫ㿴ˡҽ˵û¾û¡
ٴο˿ܾ꣬û׷ֻʣЩ˰㣬֪𣿡
ٴһ㶣ûαء½Ҷһ䡣
һ£áɪ¥ľײᣬһһ顣֪˭𣿡
ûгҵġ
üܾЦһ£ȥ
ɺ֪ܾܿķӦЦ¶лιˡûˡǾϽй䣬װµӣŶ԰ϽЩ˺ݴһ١Žֵġ
Ȼóһֻľи½Ҷͷȥ鸮͸㡣
ʲô
ʼ磬ҪġҲ֪
ؿһۣ½Ҷӹӣξߡ
ֵսǴܾ½߳Ϣظں档Ŀǽ鸮ٳŵͷظ
ܾξ˵ǡƹܾΰ¼٣۽͹۲˵ν׿óЩԲԣ϶Ǳ˱ضɡԭֱѡ
½뿪鸮ʱľлص佻󡣺ŵǸҩۣЩЩЩɬĬĬƬ̣Щҩ۶ֵؽһ𵷹ãһڳ϶䣬Ŵ԰ȥɢ
ѾˣСǰ棬Ǹں档˿ܹŵİƣɫشһСӡ;ϸϸķĩ£ճҶϣϣϣʯϡ
ιһ̣ǹһֲĲ̫ͨӣȥᾭŸǰ档ڲס˽ţʹ˸ɫ˵壬ȥ˵һҪҹ
ūȥС㵱Ľ¡תȥˣǶŲ̫ӡ
ʱ̫Ȼھ̡͢Ȼ˸գȻ˳ת͢ȥ̫߽·͢ضҪϷͨ
ǺܿһȻ߹ϷԶĻȣ£һ´ӻתﱧԹ˵С㣬ɢҲһ·ˣҹﻹЩ⣬עΪá
ЦЦǽӹ·ʣ֪ҵ𣿡
⣬ش˵ˡ˶٣ѹҲүǰŸûˡʲأôֻΪ˷ֳ衣
΢üңҿȥ
ǴųǰˡǰĵƻĪĹ⡣
衣
һΣҪһǸߵĻʲôͣ
ǰıŮ˶̫ĳ裬˵Ϲס֮ǰ֮øҵĽ֣ûһ·ˡ
߽͢ʱֻӰģƺһɫӰȻ衣
վסţ΢΢ü
 

161 

뵵ǣӰѣɴ裬ƮҡһһͶ㶼ƺԼȳл˵ķԼĹƻ
жϹ۾ţɫ궼˴롣̫΢΢üһɨ٣ͷȴϹµĳɫڲסЦ
ֹϢ֮ʣϮɫƮƮɵϹ¸ǰЦʣϴˣū𣿡
˫Ĵ۾סϹ´˺һŴѵǣӡ
˹ˡ۲һתһپ˵̣ūҵˡ֪
Ϲɫڻģ֪ԼҶˣЩʵǼһЦŹԴƬּ̡ҵģȴŹȥϢ
ŮȻˣϹȵıӰ
Цٸһ̫õүĹ¥½Ļ˵ĹǾϸϸ̵ģǸˡүϲͰڸ̺ɡ
á٣۴ͻݣŮ˾һϲ֣Ϲһ뵽ܰǸ˶§ʱˣϲЦտؿ佱
һڣȴЦлү佱ҹżң¶ү洦Ѱ˼һֻ·̵òܵҸĴɫⲻѰ˾ġү߶ĵˣҾ͸ӷˡ
á٣¡ѼҽţҷģġµϹ¶ʱ־ٿһھά̹ŰѶǳ鷳Ҳ˼֡
Թⳡ裬ٵĿڲģ˼Ƭ̣߹ЦͻĿõġҾáν³˫Ȼˣѹȥ̵ľ𼸸˳һ̧û׼ܶܵá
Ϲһ㶣Ҳһ㶡
һ̫ǴȣȻᷴԵġ֪ú𣿡
΢̫תתЦ˵Цˣôἵء༸˷үѽֵ徲
û뵽̫ô˵Ϲٴһ㶡ȴһתЦѽòүү㿴أԭα¶ˡ
Ϲüǽӿ˵⻰˵òԡֻǲòװһ´ȡڹӸ¾ټǳе£ͻݡѡͻݡҧҧ
ǴС㶮˼ҡүãȥɡҲἵʵġ˸ۣ̫ˡ
ϲ˵߾ߣϹ¸סҲסȴ˵Щֻλ֣ŮЩ˷̶꣬һҲǺõġﲻ˵ģҲϹ»ش˵Ůǵ鷿бǣø̶
š
Ե£Ϲ͵پĵŸȥˡٴҦߡϷؾվţƺڵ
ˣٶ˶ٽŲ
ˣѵĵҵޡ
ƤЦⲻЦشǸֵ֪ģıȵùǰĶׯţ˵أ
óԼĸסɷûжЦȣһ֪ġǰŸǣŽ˻ļ¥ֻ̧֣ҪӾ˵ˡҵ׳꣬δزŮġﻹǶŵ㣬Ϊ
һ
༸˸ȥ̨Ļʺôɵģƺ֮ζ仰ԹԵˡվϣĻͷ
˺һᣬɵʣǸġǸµ𣿡
ĥһ£Ҧֵش𣺡̣¥Ĺֺ˵ı¶ǺõġֻүķӦĿ϶óˡ¸˳ֻ̫˸ŮΪǡ̫ʧ裬Ŀɾ͸ˡӳҲ˵
һ¥˻ˣ
ū澾òܡǸֻ²Ǹʡ͵ġ
ûʣ˼òżߡ
Դıһ洮ֶֶԸǽܣͬʱھɫˣϧԲ⡣ǰ¥½Ļ趯óؽ衣öӸãͱǶͷͰˮļַ
صϷϳ˼ܾòŷԸҦ֣ӿ⼸үѾĸȵģɴһǶȥ
 

162 װ

ٲ֪ȥǵġѡ佻£̫ü˵С㣬һҪֳɣѲΪ˶Ըң
ﲻùЩ㲻ҪȥҵǰУá˲˵ʲô㶼ᡣȶ﷢㲻ͻתסľġҵ㲻ںֻġܹݡ
һ㶣У
ּÿ˶õġǱʧģҲܲˡԭʮֵó裬㲻Դףҵ֡Ȼͷ㡣
Ħһ£̫ͷ
ȻװȣҲװȾķû˸Ұľͻֻ͡ǸСǱߵǵ̣þĻΪһв룬ֽ˼䡣
̫꣬˼žʣСûأô֪Щ
ݸڹֹ¼˲٣ĸĿ࣬ļǹʲôаӶЩ
ǻص佻ʱӰϣڽʲôһ⡣ԵûϲǲЦʣãҹó𣿡
óԡӰϲԶɿػشһ˵㲻õģܵܲġʦ˵Գ־
һ̶ϲǸæл
˵ӣӰûѱ׽¸ο˼óҪô඾ΪΣ׽סǷ˲
ͷＷһĶǣˡʱþͰǷŽ԰Ȼùˡ
Ŷʲôã
ǳԳԿͷյϢңΪҪβԴڸɺ֣ܷܳɢǵעĥӡ˼ӣóһЩҩ۵Ƭ̽ӰųǰŸ⡣
꣬ٴεҩۣͿֱϡ
ͿΪʲô
һЦװ
ڸȻŷųӣķһѭµͼһɽͱ¡ѾСɽڰŰɫĺȴ˪͸˵졣վסţ̧ͷϿߴɽڽֱ¹ճһƬ̺ڵӰӣмЩɫһסͱ·ɢŽٸСͭ˵زڵϣէȥΪǳڵϵġ
оһЩɢͭ򴽲˵ø󷨡Щͭңʵǰյеġ˴ͭᱻͭմŵһ֭ҺȾϣ׷١ҿ±ڲժʲôһͭЩ˷ѭ׷ϣɱ
ķǵͷǺáȥ
Ѱ˼Ƭ̣ƣ·ػءǲҪ˴ĻΪá
ʧּ䡣
ͬһʱ̣ǸվһӰʣ½ҶĲʲô£
ˡǰ½Ҷ岻뾰˵ȣҩָǸξĴй䣬ˡ
룬ͷûô񡣵½Ҷҩٺ٣ֻˡ
ֻиʱ鸮ŸϹ׷һɵӰ
ϴˡ⡣
ܣܡ
ĽЦﴩ󣬲ʱ׸ۣϹ¼ץסʱֻܵˡ
˺һᣬϹ¸˷ܡòץᣬһ˰ѾİҪ׹ȥȴס촽
˫ĪĹ⣬תζ
Ƭ̣ϸʣϴˣҡкô𣿡
һϹŵ˷ġԺǸӣһú۰ĸӣ㴩ġ
лһ˿ϷʣлүҵūҲҪ¡үһɡ
úúãģġͣϹһشӦ
ﵽĿģĽЦָϹµү˹ţҲꡣѽϲЩϵĹˡ
ԳЦεعƻ
ﻹܰѳֵסϹ͵رס
ϨˣЦŽ
ճδһҽоأЩѾǡŸܿɹ
ʱһܵϷδԺָѾǴɨˮּҵıֱˣʲô˵¡̻ûأš
ǡ佻Ǳߴ򡭡
ʲôߣǵţ˵ûּҵĶݺݺһۻµѾߣתͼŸѾ߻ŵӣˡС˸ʹֱϽظȥ򡣡
 

163 

һּҵҲҵ˲Ѱ˼ٻûˣæԸֵҹѾ
˯ûͷԵģٱѾ߳ѾƢѾ߸æ˵̣С˸Ѫ򡣡
ʲôգۼ䣬˯ȫڵͻȻЩԾһԼ¶ڱֱۣһϴѪĵø߸ߵġ
סСĵһ¡ãһ۵ˣɵòҽ
ѽѽۣˡպ˼£ؾЩԣһǶʱˡ
ˣ򡣡
Ϸ
СǸϽȥʱŸһҹϹ¸˿ޱġ
үĽεεرסĲӣ컹ء
׽ס˵֣ϹЦС첻ˡһҪϳ˯ᣬЩһͷѾ߾·㣬²ġ
ЦĵҧһĶ䡣
´Ƭ̣Ϲ»ˡ
̵ѾߺܿˮĶˮƾƾ´Ϲ¾Լȵʲôһ㶣ͷһһϢؾýֺһ
ʲôʲô
һŵͶһĽֺܾһѾͷϣûѾ߲ҽУߡಡش¹£ˡ
ϹվǸһ䱻ŵòᣬԾش˼£Ÿоĵֱ۲סıүôˣղô£
Ŷ֪شţϹûЬ
һأ̲סҽС

˶һʣϹһزҽۣۣҵĽšˣ
̺󣬴򼱴ҴҸŹܼҽŸϹڴϣ¡ҽŽֺϴѪ۵Ҳ㿴ƺҵŷһǵ
ȵ򿴹ǸѪ㽿εεʣУǼүôˣ
һұ޲ɷգǴɵһ㶣˶ٸæתЦСˣϴ˱жĳҧһ¡Ϳҩվܺáϴˣ⼸վͱˡ֮ǰϻۡ
Ϲ»ش𣬾ıЦðүټհɡūҺú÷㡣
ӯӯһյϹٴشǴһ²˵涾˻ǾΪˣɫԶ룬˵
Ϲһ㶡
ȴһתüίү㿴أô˵Ҳˡ
ѽޱޡʲô°֣ôгοžģϹͻȻ뵽ʲôתԸܼңȥʶôܼҵģĴζôسѽ
ǡ
ܼҴŴȥˣϹ§ס˿οŵӣð컪ȹΣơ
Ϲ²Ѹˡ鸮ԺֵûæýŲմأ˸Կ˿ڣҩϣʱȥˡ
ҹ˳ӣꡣ
ҧ£ϡϱҧĸǵֱͬһѪ٣̫̫һ檱ҧʮҹֵҹ̺ĹѾ߶û⡣Ҧֵİ״۵õڴϣҲ˵Ȼҧȴ޾졣Ѫʱ޸оһʹѵ
òҩϹµ𱸣˳档ǺܿɨǰȥһɨؾһȺͷҧǹֽ
̣԰öӡһ˾ͷһƬ
ѽٷϻϽ档ķػ֣Щڳݲ塣
۵طţּҵ˽
̣үԸҪѾߡվҪү˵Ÿ̫СԸþİȥ㵤¥ⲦĸѾ߷̣ĸӴɨԺӸӻڵһӦװδɴȫҪµģС
ֱüյ˹ˣһҪҪǣôߡ
ӵķģּҵĭǵ˵үͷϡ˵ֳӶΪûѸŪɾԸϽѳˣҲҪӽʱ򣬾ľҪӡ
ţ
үԸ׼µΣò÷·Ҫһ걭˵걭ʢʮַţҪү
ֲ꣬䣺ҪһӣָҪױõĵ
꣬βʣҪǮ
ū澡֪
ߣˣһҪҪǣǸѽ¼ӣ̧ˡ̲סٴǵġѡٶʱİ
 

164 ˺

ٷ쭣ּҵİԳЦһ£ȴ˵һỌ̇̄»Ǩ͡үð²죬ֻ¾ĻԡպЩټƽϡ
һۣٳ˳Ŀ˵С졣ȥɣү˼
ǡ
ּҵȥˣһ˵ġǰŸǺŽʮֵĽ䱸ãЦһˣȱ˼ˡǶ֡ˣȥүľҲ̧ʱ򣬿ɲЩùᣬָ֣Ըһ
ѾŸػʱϹģ§ž
Ѿ߻꣬ذڰ֣֪ˡȻ̾úãͺðɡءŶоģžŰɣΣ
û뵽գۼ̧ӹһ˿⣬һ˼˵ūȻүĻǡ˸ӡ
ôˣҵˣЦһ
Цһ£Ϲ¶ߴүҸ븮ﶼϤЩ̵ѡһѡ
ããġģȻžţ㡣Цһ£Ϲ¾ʣʰ𣿷̵˶þȿٵ
ǡūȥػ
Ѿˣת˼ԸŮӡ
Ÿ⣬Ϸȴٴη
ѡ
ǡ̫ô˵ģүˡ
ðǵűˡСˣˣ˭̶ǵҵ˵ģϼġ޺˼䣬ٲǿѹסѰ˼ηԸѡ˸µѾߣϵȵȥ̫ѡ룬̫̫ﴫ˵ү˾̫Ըѡˡ
Ѿ˳ٺ޺޵ؼ¼ӡš
ҹ븮֪Ů࣬ɴΪǿ⼸ֳ裬ٵļģ÷ӰҩŸǳ档
ٲұҧæҽΣϾȥүǰԣûĴĲٳ֣Ϲ¹ȡ档Ϲ²òڸض˵ĥӲݣŵһĻɵһѳһɫǣϹµݺȡֻἤٶԾĵĽ䱸ޣȻһپͺλ
ĺʱ֣İ¾ӡȻү˻ּҵȻҵѡõġ
Żɴʣڸĳ裬µ⡣Ȳ÷ϣקϹµүū븮ĽöûƼܵʶһ±ȽϺðɣ
ţš𼱡ȰѳˣרŸ硣
ˣҪһ²ߣŮ·ӼΣ½ŵƷԼЩõ
Ϲ±Եõģܾܾˣһŵ
֪ĲͣҪҪǣըˡֲסϹ£ֻհ졣
佻ڸѾѴϷķԷ˵һ顣Цһ£ǳֳ˺ޡӶضð
룬д˷ţȥҷ붨ߡ
Ƶƹ󣬾̫ѡ˷̵ˣϹµǮ͡˸˵˺ôļٵģ޲ж
һգظ¶֪ү·˾̫ƴӣ谮ǳ½Ѷʵ̫֮࣬û̫ȴƺûֻԼָĵСİҵָˣܺáǡòȥү
ҹˣԺﵯݡǴ㵤¥ʹˮģæòֺ
ʱ붨߷һš
ߺɷòŷԸ図˴̽һ¥ʵ
ӣ¥ʲô£
図ؿԼ˼һ¾˵ϹȢһĵĻ¥С˵ʮֶأֹƻұŮҲĶҡӣǡ¥ΪھǵĻ
¥図˺һ˵ǰ½һƺ¥ġ
Ǿ͸Ҫһ¡壬Ҫգú֦ڡ
図ͷǡ
図ˣӦ޳Ӻ磬Ůֹƻ㡣ÿ㶼£ڰ㵱ǹʹ˵ɣƫš
ֻ˵ңֻǸ鸮﷢ʲô¡˵û㲻ú𣿡
 

165 

һӦ޳һû˵ֻɫҸ㣬ԪʧǸŮƣӰɵġϼС㱻Ʀ°ߣҲɵģǣָʹӰɵġ̲סӦ޳ɴԼһ򣬵ڶΰֵ¸˴硣
ѲµЩɲ⣬뵽δ޴м˵ĵ⡣Ӧ޳һɣЩΡĥһ¾˵˿跨½ҶܲȸЩ²⣿㡭תת˵ǻˣҳ֤ݣҾš
Ӧ޳ʱˣҳ֤ݣ㲻
š֤ǻˣҲ˰ɣ͵ؾǿЦã֪ɼ˸ѡ
Ӧ޳־ˡɿıӰҡҡͷ
Ӧ޳Ҳʲô֤֤ǻˡķ˵ģȥ֤ݣԼͨˣֻкô
֮գǼװ˸鸮Ϊ˳ȴţҹͣղǿɢ˴󲿷ֳӡȻϲ˳Ϲ±ոһ˻졣ĵꡣϹ±Եͷתÿﲻ޾Σɫˮ㵤¥ͣ㵤¥ǰƽأ԰һƬ̨þ衣
һʱ䣬˵ȵĿ޲˽糱
Ÿɫۣٹ۲ٵľٶǰЦѡеǶˣ̫졣
պܿȥĺʱ֣ٴλҩ佻ֱʣҵҧ˺ö𣿡
վͺõòˡǸ˵أ߰գ˾ûˡ
ˡˣҵҩܺȾ𣿡ƺһʡ
С˵Цˡͼסҩ˶þơҲˡҩơ
תת飬ô˵Ҫ
԰㿴ĸ˲˻أ
ߴ߽һ䣬ȥһˡ
ҹ㵤¥ޱȣˮվڸ¥ԶԶ㵤¥ĵƻšü
ǸȵģȻΪ˸費ʱΪүˣɴݲǡǵܵóģʹֶλ죬ģˤģɫ²Ȼ½õ̴棬ϹҲѾܾûϷˡ֪Щ὿壬ٱƣ֮Ŭ궼ܷѹ֣Ҳ͸Сˡ
ʱ뵽̫ƺ˳裬븮վкϵͷͶµûš޺ޣһĸѾߵѹɤ˵̣̫Ҫү衣
šС˷ɧúܡ
ү˸þġȾ衭ƺá
һͷʣүȾƣ
˵̫⼸ֻǼ裬Ը˱žơүĽžˡ걭Ϊ˺ȾƵģ
üһ壬˼£һ
һӣŨ˱ǡ
̣ǳТġҹůʳеһάԣʮֵ⣬Ըֻ˵ϣϹ»̬׳ӡ
ڻɫˣϹ¶ʱЩѬѬȻץסЦôô㡣үҲҪԡ
׼ԡ
Ҫԣ
ˣĽЦҨһ͵ߡ
ֻܳһ˵㲻ܶԡ
ʲôٳһףζãһڡ
ƲϹͰʲôҽԺ
Ӿƾʮ㣬һ˰룬˶Щ⡣ϼȾĹסϹµĲӣү𣿡
ˣ
ƾӿϹ§סҡҡλȥˡ
ʱ佻ĵӰ£˵ūۿ˸̫һӡƽ˫ݡ֮ǰ̵Ѿȥ˳
һЦϷˡ
Ϲ²˺ȾƵϢѰ˴Ϸġ϶ټ֣˸ʹӵĻᡣ
îʱδ컹ţ˯ûϹͻȻýϷԺһץĵʹزҽһ˲һ亹ҲȻѹ
Ĳɵʣүôˣ
ʹʹһͦϹһţ죬쿴ҵĽźʹ
ģŵĸæԸѾƵƣƿһɵõһϹµĽֺԭѪðһѪݣ˴űʲűϹһץƤѪˮδ
ʶ˸Ūˣеȥȥøɾİײ㡣
 

166 ѹ

ˡٵЩײ٣վԾףлѹģҲˡ
ֻǴʱĹϹ½ϵѪݾӵ˽ʹ̣ʱû鿴ˣֻغߺߡüһӸǣ
Ƿɧģٸֻ𣬲䲻ȵ˵ôүΰɡǣֻ򿴲
һ㶣ͷЩգ̲ػش𣺡ȻȲ϶㶮¡롣
Ů˺εԣǴ򰵳һ¡ΰΣ˼һ²˵ϴ˴ǳЩɢ֮ԭûɢȥĳ涾ٴɢˡһҪĹһЩʱգⶾɢȥΪá
ɢ֮ã⼸ү⣬㶼ʲôˣ
ǳģܳʲô
һۣһƳּҵģʳүʲôʳ
ӣͷ΢˼һ˵
Ϲ·ҩۼˣϹ̲סҽУͷҲ亹״ƿģԸӷ̡̫ˣϹѾϾĸŮڲֻ࣬һغۡ
ò׷ҩϹѾ˻亹۴ϢƬ̲ʣԭ˵ģôͻȻˣ
ϴˣ涾ȴʮܡֻǡ֪ضɫȡǷɢ֮Ѱް˲֮ȴδܵˡýѵλˣ˵ԭվ͸׵ģ˲ʵĶַգĹ
ʱּҵĻˡ
̣ճֻүʹʳûͻȡǣ˶٣Ҫ⣬һӺ߹ǣһţһӡ
ã㲻֪үӲܳԻ𣿡
һ㶣̶үû⣬ôС֣
ߣأ
סתɿػش𣺡ûС
䳰ٻתͷʣүûԾӰɣ
ŶͷŽϵۣϹ붼ûڻش𣺡˼ɡ֪Ͳóӡ
仰ٶʱץ˰ѱү̫ϧԼˡö˶˵سʲôӣǾò£һү˲ʵĶӿɲˣ
㣬ֲүԵġ
㣬˭ֻһٰڳ̵Ͻѵ븮żվͺү£ϴƱ磬̫ˡ
ҲǸ˼ģȻóԼգת˵Ϲ»үүҪΪūżѽ˵Ҳ£ô롣үūίˡ
һıݿϹ¾ýˡο˵¡¡Թԣˡοţ̧ͷһ٣٣ô˵ģֻǽۣСʲôŶսľͲܴЩܼңĴܣԴ
û뵽Ϲ۵ܻάģȻ
һٵץסԣү˵ˡ˵ġȥϳ÷Ҽҷأ
ͼӴףüһ˵ʲô
ѽүҺú¡ô׵ҡ
٣ԾĴСʲôϹ²ˣά
ҧٺݺݵظ˾һۡ滰ûڣ̫λ̧һˡ
οϹһ̫һת˵ȻүҪᵽɡ븮Ӷ̣ĹܵѧһѧȽϺá鸮Ͼ¥ǿһ䡣
û뵽԰Լٴ֮Ц¡үӲˬᵽﾲգ
ּŮҪѱԼߣļˡĿһתһקסϹµֱ۽ϸس⣺ү˵öԣȷʵøĹء磬ؾ͢Ŷȥչ㣬ҪѧĹأүʫ飬Խ

үøúúѧĹأûҪ̰ɡǺ
ǣȥɡ
һһƺҪɫ
ү᲻㿴㣬ôͰˡҺÿѽܵӵ۾Ŀʼٿޡ
޵滨꣬Ϲˡ˵УҰؾ͢ȥչҡǺǡԣˡ
үáΪЦܻرסĲ
Ů˿۾ѪˡȼŻ棬ͻȻ־ı̫ѲʮѹѹתԸʲôүؾ߳͢עʳٳǵƤ
 

167 ĸ״

ָСǰϹ̧͢ٺãûض˾һۣҪúѧѧҷճùذܻŷ硣ֿһϹ£ү򲻿ݾáͣء鸮¥үҪָ꣬ٴѾˡû˿ʵ࿴Ȼظˡ
ǰ̫⿴һ۾ģָ̧Ȼ˸Ȧ
Ȼˣգգۡ
뿪̫͢
ܿ죬Ų죬Ĳ֪Ӻδ

ĸ̫Ц˵ø븮Ǻõġżң
ü
ڳֵĴ붼ǶεġԸɡҪү˽͸úˡƺǰԲ˵̫꣬תȥˡվԭػӣӹһ˿䡣
԰һɽ̫ͣסŲ˿ǰӰ˹ȥת΢Цá
С硣ᵽ͢ˣûűˣүȥչ˵̫꣬ʣСΪôľģ
û⣬ǵһЦĳ¥ڶûʸģֵӶԸǡôһ֣Ҳôˡ֮䲻ԸǶкô
˼һ£̫ͷ˵ܻԣүǵˡó
԰˲Ǻ𣿡
̫ˣ佻󷵻ء
磬֪û򣬲֪Ϲ±ض涾óȥ̫㵤¥һ⣬ǰˣǵᡣȻǸԵĸ֣˷ݣֻ
Ů˺ŮһʼΪ˺ִûкͽء˾ٱӵֵĿܣΪӮøתء
û֪Ϲµҧ˲ȾҲٴηġȾֻǸӡ
򱱽Ů׽ʶؼĸ档ʱλһˣλĸѧ˵ĸɫҩۣóӵϰһ̶Ϊãֻ׺ĹƳ⡣ԣѰŮӲͬ³ӣϲ۲죬ż׽ֻ
Сɽ򼣬ٻ԰ķϣٵһθų棬ֻ˳ӵϰԡ
Ӱ׽ĶһֲСɽ´ڶѪҧˡϲůηҹֻůĵط涾ʮպȻˣͿҩЧġһȰҩڻ԰Ӱٷų档ҩ۵ζóܣ֮ҹз¶Ӿͻܿҩ԰լۼҹ΢ضѬů㡣ֶĳѰůʹٸܵѪضá
ջص佻ǾһԼĿ޺֣СŹղųһ֡˵˸;ûģǲŹүүĸ״Ըʻ
µˣ
ͷۿߵֵģܼԴ˰ġ
΢üת˼Ƕ⣬ȥ
͢ʱһǺ
үҸɵѽ
үֻջѽү
˵˭Ǹ;ģ
ûѾѾüһסϹ˵үỵ£ݺݵشǲʵġ
һݺݵش򣡡
ҵĿ޺У߽Ժӣһɨȵʣôô
ŮˣϹ¶˶ٲ˵ôˣ
˵ҵֻùղܺãճ¾Ͷɢɢšߵ԰򡣶ˣ˵һ򣬾˵Ǹôˣ
һŮֱϹŵİײϹ¶ʱԼĽֺʣҲҧˣ
ʣǱ״ǰһϴѪ˵ڻ԰ӣӾȻɵ佻󣬸ġѽֺü춼ûףŶҳ
̺ľŸŮԴתת˼˵ү㿴ܼôܵӵܣҧˣСҲҧˣֱ߰㡣
ǹʣλǣ
ĵЦһ£Ǿģ븮ա
ԭɵ緹Ϊһ緢Ƣ
С㲻֪ء˹һӣΪǲƷ͸үһһүϵİַˡ㿴ǲǻ͸ˣתת飬Ѱǰǻ
סĻݸ˸ҹڿ졣⼸ҳҹÿѾԸȥȡ˵ѾҲȥ˳ȡҹɡ
 

168 

һ仰ƺģھĶһܡĦһ£˵үڽǵ̣ԸҹҪѾȥȡˡ
룬ϹʣǶ̵Ѿȥ˳
ÿɷֻش𣺡ЩѾӣǲǵĸѣ
üϹһӱʣ˵ǲǶ̵ѾָʹǸ;𣿡
û˸ҳ
үģץסͼӴףүǲ˵ġ¶㵱ңǶѾ߳⣬˵ҲǸ
һϹ¸ˡս۵ԭͺܰղúǾ𣬴ʱ֪ԼȻŮƣըˡͻݶ£ϾȲǧģˣϹܵ±ŭһغˣҺݺݵش򣬲˵ʵʹ
󰧺һˮѾ߶סˡ̵ѾȥԸһ𡭡үǲūġūֻջ𰡡
𣿸˭ԣ
ǸǸǣǡ
û˵꣬ٴּҵļҴ˽һվһԣʱʮֵľѣЦүʲôƢѽһģ˶ŭ
ҵ˵˾¶ʡ
һ
Цһ̧һָŵѾߣ㣬Ѿ߸ղ˵ѾȥԸ𡭡͸үǶһƬģôѰҵĲˣ
벻Ľ˲ǣϢģŵó˸ȸ״Ǳõһ氵µĴŲ֪һ漱תͷ˵ʲôĸѾȥˣ
ү˵֪ѵˣ
İ檵ֱʾοϹһɣ׵˵˵ĸѾ߳⣿
ǸѾ߲ҳֻٵĿƵڱϡ
ʢүӹūǰҷŵ󡣡
򣡡
Ϲºڳάһ󣬼µѾѪģʵڰסˣֻйǸǸѾǶߵԪԪүֻǷ¡Ҫرر𴼺񡣡
ϹµڵþҪγˮٿڣѼԪԪ
ԪԪܿ챻µļΪ˻Ļ˵϶̣һѾӵƸԪԪȻһߵװԪԪ֪ȴԩֻ˵Լͽӵûлү˼
б֪ǸĺģлĿϷŹסϹү˾Щĵ£ΪүҡүԩҪֹү
Ϲ¼ۡ룬ʣ٣ѾǷģ㶼ˣİɣ
ǣȻǡֻһʱͿ
ٵά˵ү˵ּ˾ͲµҲˡһûɫĹūүƣ֪ôд
ݺݵģϹ°˵ĶԡͰվ˼áȥɡ
ԪԪͳµ˿޺űˣٲ飬ƺûһ£Ѫģض
ΪһӣߥϹһӴ˰˸ˣϢ紫⣬ŵֱ¡
ϷߺߵţİûڲðŪ
ͻȻ־Ĳ̫˵˼ȡ棬ܴҡ˵ĴεжյⷬѾڸһʱ䣬ڵôģٶλ̫ˡ
Ѱ˼ţپͷòŽּҵѯʣ֪ôͻȻȥүǰµ𣿡
ū澲²ΪӵľǳµġģϳԿߥүʡ湻ݵģһ´˰˸
룬ûжСѾͷʱȥģ
ū澴ˣС˵үڴ˲ȥֵġ
ǲᴮɣ
ȻּҵĿο̣븮үǰлС㴮
һʱûںδȻ·
ٿ˼ԲߵʱվһҰǰ
⽥ŨҰݳø˺ܶ࣬Ҷ޳̡Ǵزݣžߥ޸״ɱ˵ǹӺݾʮֵľ衣
г㣬ȰϹ²ܺȾƵϢ٣ٸ߶̵Ѿȥ˳Ů˵ɿһŮ˼ࡣһѰ¥ŮӣֶλһЩȴֺĲ̡
Ļ᲻
˼ţԶģʱҪڸ߶Ȼд˷ţȥ߷
 

169 

֮ʣϷˡߺܣּҵļææ
̣ˡӣүͻˡ
һӲˣڵվУ˭ܣ
֪ŵСܻ˵ӣץסүţҪ󵱼ҵȥꡣ
ĸ쵰ɵĺ£Ÿʲô챨٣
һ£ּҵ˵ӣ󱳺ǣǺι˸٣һֳ᲻үǰ
һٲɵúݺһ۶ӣ˲ǵѪаհˣתԸ
ļǵظȥȶʱξ½Ҷһ֣ܳͷһû׷ξЦ
濪ġҶô֪ӣҲ磬ǲ׷
ʼ磬ٺ٣ıӣֻӲˡҸǣһ׬ǧƽ𣬵ûǮģϽǮǸèץ
ЦǰϣξһʣǸ겻һ٣
Ҫݺݵش򣡼ҵѪùֻֽڳϻһӡҴˣÿȥ̧ͷһգʱˣߡ
ҧһ䣬½Ҷźȥ
ٺܿӣĸƤЦⲻЦ˵ѽѽԭ鸮ĵ̴ݹ١̣ҲҪΪҹӡŵĶǿͣǽҪͽġɸøǮһҲ١
Ƿӣ
ָָּ࣬
ü
ĸЦ˵߯Ʋ˰ɡӣһյʮӣһʮӣ֧衭ӡү˼ʲţ˹ǣǵȹ˺ˣҲȻ˼򷢽лأ
õܣһҧݺݵ˵ӡ˵׶٣
ǧƽ𡣡
һһۣٶʱŭͷָţҶթҼүپӶƷӣԶթģ
һڣĸЦ̣Ҳ㣬ӣҰĵطǮУˣϹ͵׸ȥ˵ǷǮֹ
ң
٣Ҿ͸ҡĸʶ㣬Ĺ˸˭Ҳµ
ʱͻȻһУһӡĸһ㶣̶һۣȻ̲ú롣ֵ׸кô𣿡
ǸŮһҡڵıӰٺ޵ߺһּҵģ𣿵ĸ쵰ܣ
ūˣ˵֪
֪İɡռһ£پƳĸ˻󼸸ɷĴŸˡ
ǰְŵ˺ݺһ裬˶ʱҽһ˱ףͷɢǱģپЩ졣ɻţĸߺſ˿ڣñץСĲӥ⡣
ѽ˵̣˵Ǽǰ˴£仧Ҳܵռ˰ɣ
⣬ٺݺݵ˵ʲô
ӣֻӲˡƷõȻͣȶˣ֪ľƵҷǽǱĹ뷿в졣̣˵ǲûѽ
סٴεͷϸ
ˣһֺɫһѾ˵ͷ
壬ٵһеô⣿
ԭЩһϢ˶ʱϲ֪ùãùãҡҵģ֪ʲôƦҵġû䣬Ǵһƴͷϣͷڵϣˡ
һĻټúס֣׼򣡡
ԣĸذڰ֣Ͳ򡣶̿˰ɣһӣһֶһӣܣһǱķֵǹˡѽҪôǮҪô١ɽֻԸĿͷ
㲻ֶΪʲôټ˰βʣ˵ҶӸ˭ܣ
Ǹ֪ͣ˭ѽ
ĸһķܣֱҧʣҪǮ
Ӵķ䣬ԹôŵҲǧƽ𡣼Ϲӣǧƽ𡣡
㡭̫ˡֱǶթթ
ߣȣթΣĸʾһ̧°ͣơ
ö£ŭ٣Ҫ١ҵҪƾʲôթ
áˣԸ˷˵׼áȥ׸ĸٸᣬüһšڵطԸһ䣬ֳŴʹ˸ɫ
һֻطɱ˸䣬ֱ鸮
 

170 ؽ

أٸĸżľ˴˵ӣֻڵĶ˭ò
վּҵĴֵľ棬ЩģỌִ̇̄˲ðɡ
ͷϵٺ޺޵˦ʲôõġҾͲˣ׸ҹȻӣ
ĸȴʮֵһԶ㡱ı顣
ţ鸮ܼƽһ·СŽˡɷĸԶš߹ѹɤ˵̣ү֪үӣܣҪ֡Ҫ

˵ƽѾͳƱϽˣһּҵģŸʲô˷үȥ
ǣǡ
ּҵһ̸һȥˣĸȴʣҵĹû᣿
ǸġԸǮȥþƽ䲻ȵضһ仰ʾѾ߲٣ҴҪߡعٲһֶһ١ƽȴ˲òˣһ˵үүϽȥҵĹӸܡ
죬ӣǺĵȥ
ˣĸһתͷԸٴκһ١漴¥һŸ󣬹˸񣺡ӣǸҵûֻܴ꣬ͷڲ񷿡
Ʒ˹Цܺáˡ˸үţҪ⳥ԽԽáΡһƱҾܲǮ͸ߺι˵Ӻ֮ιӡ
ġǮĸϲЦտϽһ׬ǧٰ׬ж⳥ԹԣһӾ׬ôǮˣĸֵöһ㣬⡣
ʱ¡
ӣ󣿺ôȥ¥ˣúô⻹ȥҤӡӵĻ÷裬¡ܻˤӡ
첱Ӵ֣үˡĶӣѵΣӣǸһ¥վŹ˸ءŵ˵Ҳӣ£үǮˣǼҺȴʽ򣬻ԸǮүǿסһѱһ䡣
¡Ѿ֪ǺޣջԹȭźܾòʣҪǮ
أأǶǳ˲¹ͷĻ쵰Ҫǧƽѽ
ʲôԾصŽϣ¡ɫҰܡ
еĻ˻֪֪ԪʧؽƷٵծţԺ˽˰Ϊ˲ɹ¸Ϲ١ɷ֣֮Ѿһٶ档鳭󣬽һ̸¿ҵãﻹǷܲģ׽ʱ򣬱˵ǧƽ𣬾һǧҲò
Լڶ£촽Ҳڷ¡˺ܾò˻ʣǧҪɱţȻ߿͵غſȡ
ɫһϸæ˹סһţүү㻺㻺ǧܳѽ
Ѿ߸Ϲķ˳˳˰Σ¡ǿãΡΡؽ鷿óһСзһöֻĴָС飬յԡ̫үáˣö¡һˡ
鿴ֿ¡̾һŷԸĹܼҰͬ¥Ѻ
ĺʱ֣һ˵ر̧˻֪˶ȭͷ϶ǽӡӣ塢ǮӡӶߣ·˺ˣǱûόϿصİ¡Ŷӿ˺ܾãܼҷԸ˼䡣
ĻܼĿ࣬ү⡭
ƣذڰ֣Ǽҿˣ˽լԺӣѾûǮųôˣǲɢǲɢʡЩ
˺һᣬܼҵͷȥˡ
¡ѻƹǲɢ˰˳ɣΪūѾӣȫ˹Ǯ·ϰݵû˵ʲô˼·
Ҵլ꣬鸮Ϲӵ۵ӡ
úñͷһϽЩӶڱԺԶ˳ҧȴںųбʵӣôĿ
ڵѵ⣬˵ǶܣǣǸ˹Ҳ硣
˭
ңҲ֪˭Һö˶˵ӺȾƣûͻȻ;סһȭͷ
û˭
죬Ͻʵ벻ˣֻҡͷ
Ǹʲô֪˴Ҳװ
Ϲֱɨһ٣ɿ˵үˣӲֵáҾãȻү͸ö强гǮðɣ
 

171 صļ

ĵıƣ˾ĵʱŭӿһݺʲô£Ҫ죬˵ķݣ
үֻ˵ʵ㿴ôף
һۣϹ˵ŶʲôĺöӸɵĺ¡Լ˽ӹгǮǮĴţķ˼䣬˵㲻úپˣǡպҪЩǳ£ҷá
Ͻϴ߱⣬ķذĸˡ
ߺߵһƣĽЦ˵үˡүãүҸ㵯ݣ
͢ϷϽһؽУ治֪ʲôˡңԩšѽˡ
Ŷˣ۵ץ񣬷ԸѾ߸ҩһ˼ž˵Ҳƣ˵Ǳӣ¥Ĺð
Ҳȥˣ
ҡͷ֪Ҿúôµģӣȥġ
ͷһ룬ϽͻȻѽ֪ˣһǡϽȥ˼ʱʲô¡
⣬ٻǷԸּҵһˡ
ʱּҵĴŸӼҴһ
ǽϵޣȻĸӣǧƽ¡ǲɢ˵һ˵ˣȻ˵̣үرңղŲ˵ȥûߵˡĪӣ󣬿һŮϴ裬Ů˼˵񣬴־ʹ򡭡˵Ǽҿ϶Ǳˡ
⻰Ͻʱһ϶ҽǡ⼸Ǽҵĵùһйϵ
ҵĴ֣⼸ֲڸ
һ㶣Ͻ˵Ǿ½Ҷϴƣ϶Ǻޡ
һٲɵʣС쵰ûôɣǮȥӣ󣿡
ٴαʵһ㶣Ͻȴ½ҶҪ׵£ʱյң壬ͲҵùŶǸһֱû˵Ҳ½Ҷٰġ
ԽԽϽİ½Ҷͷһ顣ŶӺ޶ģ¶°ǲ˷̵ˣҧʣȥû˵ɣ
û
û
Ͻ·飬ȴҧû
һڷϣ˿˵ûоͺáֻҪС쵰֪ûû֤ݣôأ̡
ƣϽݺݴ˼齣½Ҷܿǿƿ
ĸӴŶʱϢˣ߷ķЦ棬̫ˡɣô뵽½ҶǴƹģ
Ǽϲ°ӡֻ֮֮һӡ
գϽӣ˻죬½Ҷ˾͸ȥ½Ҷȥĸ̸ξƤȥŹϽȻؾ·;ϴƹٴСӺԺǱ룬ӣķ䣬ĸ˵ĿʵĸķǸɵġǵ֪˽ٳǣɻ벻ķӡ
Ͻ˹Ȼ˸佻Цû֦ҡЦã˵Ǹèܲ죬Ҳ޻֮
˸ˣҲЦ԰үǸܼӣһүըˡүϽ¡һӳľǲһ
ͷǼЦһᣬ½ҶеĶʱգЩġ˼ãճһ˲ŴϨ˵ơ
ʱ͢Ϲ»Ÿë׵Сһûһţʣү顣ǲǳϵĴС¶ܣ
ǺǣҲǡܶй̶˾ȥҪҲĵġ
ǣүѽļʲôҲ𣿡
úܺЦϹ۵ܶ񸮶ٰ죬شµǻ֣񲿸𡣡
תת飬ĺʣүļûʲôرϡģ
ŶôȤˣ
ҺЩҶûԺܸȤүҽɡòãסĲӣƤش
ε̬ˣϹһ²Ű漰ļ˽
ţתʣүûָصģҪضʱգضĵص㣿
ضʱգŶȷʵиÿĩ񲿵˾ְһֱǱߵ̫Ը𡣡
ôأ
Ŵ۾ϹµЦʲôءƷصĻݣÿ궼Ƿͽƺ̫洫µģĻʵˡ
 

172 ʵ

ϹµĻش𣬾һ˿ֵĹ⣬ЦŲ⣬˵ЩеĻġһᣬڵظȣһ˵㲻⡣ү˯ɡ㣬˯ߡ
Թԡս۵̫Ϲ²ˡЦһᣬرۣ˵̺
ҹϹ˯ˡŵ߳䣬ת㵤¥¥Уǲ̴ӣϳ˼
峿븮ŮҶŸӳ˸˵Ҫȥ̫ԵĸŴһᣬܣעһգһһգŽֵƬ̣һӡ
̣ͣҶ뿪ӣһЩ۲ŻƵﷵء
ֽǴ図ԶԶҶʧ˼β߳ؿһӣĥƬ̣¥ȥ
¥ߴĻ˼һͷ˵ҲˣԳǴޭġһѾԼҵ¥˵Ҫ豦գղֻ۶Ҹ˼¥ھǵķ³в˴֮ҵӵܻؾӡһվͲòʣձ紫ྩܶ˿ͷǰȥûã鸮óһǧһ衣֪Ϊȡ˲ŵͷ
̫¥Ůӡ
ȷʵ̫񡣶ңޭݵķ¹ŵûоˣû衣ЩĳҲû鵽
£ü図´˵һεӰת˳壬ȥ̽ɡ
һ㶣ͷһֻһȹŮȻɨüʩ죬ֻбһֻΣȴɼʤѩüĿ续
ȻҡͷշĶˡ
ݸûʲô¡Щڸۡլŵ˶Ѿ׵Ψһŵġ˶٣̩Ҿã弸̩լֻкôңȥӡضԼշһ»Ǵסˡ
図ȴЦתһ˵շǸҶһӡȥ̽е֣ȥá
ð
図
ʼ磬図ӹһ˿׽壬շŮӣЩȥӷ㡣
շ図ˡվԭ˼ã߷ȥ
ʱһ˽á뿪ã᷽ɢʵƺЩ£ûлڹҲȥ鷿Ǵ̫ŻŲû߶ãͳӧת˸
ʵ۲Ϊ⡣ŻʵһᣬӧüԼʣΪ·գ
Ӳʳֵ㶼֪ˣǡʵҡҡͷЩķ
£˽˰ǣ㷺ԱҰҰŵţһȥ˴롣黹ٹ¾Уص˰ܵ˺㡢ɰɣ
ԡǡĶžɣ湻󵨵ġȥΪް£üƽ˽в죬ǻʵˣǲ֪Ĵ
ԣӧ±öŴ̰ˡûɱѾǷ⿪ˡټĻѡ⣬βͣһ¡
ţʵ۲ɵʣô˵ˣӣҲѧˡ
ҡֻǾãھĻѫƼһѡ̩¾ھԺǰȥѧѧʵ񣬻̩кʵѡӧزһ䡣
΢ʵͣ½ŲתһʣȥԺΪ˽ᵳ
֪̩ڷؾ̶꣬û׼˰ʲôЩĵãºβʣ
Ƭ̣ʵס
⶯ӧͻȻ˵£ǰõϡϲһ빬Т
ʵ۲ϲݣȤҡҡͷתʲôʣʲô
Ҷδϡٺвġ
ðɡѵ棬ӧš
ǡ
ɨһ棬ӧתתͷ˵¼Ȼغ󹬣֪һȥºηȥ
Ǻǣʲôõط
̩ºϲȥǮ󲿷ֶˡ
£üʵת˼Цӧ޵˼
߷図շˡ
ӡ
ɶ˶٣ʣ˴Ҵҽӣˣһǽͳӧ
Ǿ㵣̶Ŀһ£ü˼һ£図ôرܡ
˳ȥµ˭ȴһʱ²͸Ϊʲô𽵹س߷
 

173 ر

߽Уһ۾Ϳפһֻߴĳƿٿ˷ɢֶ򡣼΢΢˿˶񣬻߹ȥ΢΢һЦͳϡ͡ʧӭˡ
˶عͷ
Ŀϣӧӹһ˿ɻǰЩĪϤУûΪλϤأһʱղס
תԾеʣγƺ
ͬƬ̣ЦЦ
װɸɴҲװ˵ǵһɡ֪ʲôȤģ
ֻƿأ֪Ӻδ
ƿһ³ƿɫһת֪˶鱦ȤǵЩ⻪Ρǰ˹׸Ĺˡ
üðɡ
롣
ŻʵڰǰһᣬͻȻʣͳЩȤ
ʣӧ˿Ŀ¶ζ߷Ʒ٣ƺûб
֮ǰԻۣѾˡǲǱӣûеġ
أת˼ӧʡ
ҡͷͳϲݣݸ󿴿
ˣ̲סһۻʵۣѯʵݸר滨ݣ
ǵġصĶƷ֣ڹػľгۡ
ʵĸȤصͷתʣ˵۲ɫӣ
ûеġ֮ǰ̩¶ֻǡѾǮ˻ظ̩ˡ
û뵽ôش𣬻ʵЩ棺ûлǮƭģ
˵ЦˡȷʵУȴ֮סӲڼǧ⣬󹺺䣬۸񰺹ͼɷнµػش
˿϶ʵомϧ˼һ²ʣ˵̩
ǵġʱ»˸̩ǰѡ
Ǻǣܻ⡣
߷汦涼ΪУȻ̩ϲ¾⡣һݡ
ӧһֱûֻǴŵڵĸɫƷ˼̻ΣʵٴοֻƿһᣬŴӧȥǰȥķ򣬳˼
䣬図ӣ̩ǰ档ϹҲڡǻʵϡ
عɰ˼һ˲ת߻صڣҴҴӲȥ
ʱʵһи߳Զתʲô΢˶ٽŲ
ߵ𣿡
̧ͷһӧ΢ü񡣡
ǸŮӺ졣һ䣬ʵ˼ȥ
ʵʱ̩ǣɡôˣ
űжǳɡߵ·ܵܣƵԺϽ̣̻һʱ߷룬߷Զ̩ܲ
һػǲͷ˿Űײ֣Ц𣺡л¹ġǰǸֳӣӷɵҧҵ֡˵Ƕ棬ţͿҩ
ȷʵӶ࣬ûҽٸưɣ
ͷµҽ١ֲôվͻõġ
ô鷳أˡû˵꣬еŷͻȻڴϣ£ˡ
һܲתȥ
ҲˡԶȴ˲侯ܣ˸ɫ壬漴תûȺʧһװĹƬ̾ʹŽǹճﵽԶһǽ
ǻر֮ʱʵѾԶһЦߵܣҲڽϡ
ȻܲҲ㷴ӦĿ죬һɨʵ۰æһ񣬻˸Ц˵յоȻϽǡϡ氡
üʵ߹ƺʣϡʲôѽǲеġҪȥģ
תܲش𣺡Ĵߡǰƺ߷׼ȥûбȥիϡȸȤһ𣿡
ûش𣬻ʵת˿ͷվܲ壬Ѿߣ
ٴһܲע⵽ǲˡ깬е龰ʶ˿Ц߷Ѿߣղڽȥȥ
ԣʵЩɻ󣬡ҿиŮӸһ𣬱һЩ
ûеġ˺ܶ࣬翴ˡ
ܵһľɫαʵĥŻǸɻ󣬸ɴ˵իûȥȥɡ
޷ֻܾܲóǡ
ǽĿܲŻʵˣ΢ɡʧиЦ׽Բأ
ŵô˸͵ػͷһȴһ˫΢Ц۾
Ƕʱ˿ʶظ˸ؿڣһۣˡ㲻Ҫû𣿡
 

174 ͼ

ԵмĿɫɲɵÿ˿棬ʵһʧڽֵͷ룬ֶ̯̯ϹﵨС˭
ߣҲŲС󡭡ŭһ䣬˵ʲڽ̩žͣͿͳӧŻʵ΢ҲŸϽرܵġ
ɴӵڸϳǵĻʵ۲ǣô˵ָˣһֶʣʵۣΪλرأ˵Ϲǰڹ̹̫ʵ۰ɣ
û뵽ôʣǲɵһ㶣žûػش𣺡Ҽ԰ΪҪΪ㣬ݺһۣҪߡ
ȥģץס
һٴθתתȴ˦ֵôģߣ֡
ƺˣڳһϿҵģϴҲԡҵǸ֪һ·ȥ߷
ΪʲôҪȥ߷أ
Ϊ½ڡں
ܵܣǵٴ룬ǲ֣ʣӰ˵ʦԾλҶǡ׼Ҫ𣿡
Щӵ׼Ҳֵ˼˸롱ƣɡмҪ㡣
ɴӲ߽߷ӭ˹ӡţͻȻǣɵһ
ҲӭŮӡӣȵˣɵóһɡû뵽շڴ˴Īм飬æֹ˿ǣЦϹշ
ٴοշһֵۣЦЦһᡣ
շ򴽣˸
Ǳ˴ŶԷмֹ֣ɾ֪˵ʲôźãתһɴ಻շֻСȥǵıӰշЩʱһ
㿴ŮҴԻ
һ㶣һͷͼӦ޳֪ӺδճӣһĲˡ
΢ʣǣϼҴС㣿
԰
ôŮ
ǻˣҲǻˡ
ؿշ˼һ˵ҾùӲôġ
ҵ֤֤ŮǻˣͲˡ
Ӧ޳ˣշ˵ǣв졣ţ
շôԸܵ߷ˡ˵ֽ²׼Ϊ˱ǣԷһ
壬Һܾûӣ˶˵図ӿƽҷӵϰﲻѰŮӡ
Ѱ
ԡͷ˵磬ϴСʱӯ鸡ǸϰȴŲӯȽѰŮӲֲ̬ġ
ЩĿ¶뻹ûߡ
շĻϲ߷ɣǹھĵ¡
Ϲ㸸׵ԳƴޭݶԼ¥ġޭû鵽ĸš
ޱȣæʣԼҵ¥ģʲô
ȷʵ֡Ǹ︶ǧƽѾ߶С¥ĸ˵ʱ鶨ľ߷ֳɣиŮǧƽĸ˵ٶ޲ĶˡӲӣĻҪǡ
˼һ£˵һֱҲ²ĻѧҲƵ
˼ţֲʣȻôΪѡҵιˡ󽫾ЩǸã
һֿܡѡ
ΪΣ
һʱ겻͸ϹԶģǰԣ㲻
ҧҧǵͷȴľֲ⡣
˼üƺʮַգ԰οӦ޳˳ؽ磬̩ˡ㲻ȥӭһ£
㵣ٿӦ޳˸߲ңɾ֪϶֣Ʋѣ뻹վ˵Ϲҳȥһ¡
ͻȻֵĻʵۣæͷ
ˣӦ޳Ƭ̣޸֮ܲߡҴΪʲôأ
εƣǰʣ֪ӦӾʲôŮӱȽϺã
١ɣܴ
ԣǲɵԼľ˾ˣݸӦӵ˵Ҿ˾˺񡣿κһ仨Լĺôֻ᲻͡
˵ǺСֻƵĲ򡣡
ȻǾ֪ЦǸգһת˵Ӧӱ𿴲𻨡Щȴ
Ʋ죬ƭҰɡ
ûǾ֤һӦ޳̫ªˡ
 

175 

ڵͬʱͷֻӰ˽󷽷ذѱ£˵Ӧ޳һŶǿСǽ㲻ϰ䣬ͽСߣʦҲСʲô
㵣Ӧ޳ʱŭ˵С˵ˣʲô£ҪŮ
õŮҸ㣬׼Сǽӡ˵СҾͽѵ㣬֪ʲôǿ󣡡
ǱŭӦ޳ڵվӰҴ֣㻹͵ôˡΪûء
ۿǾҪɵĵܵܣæȰӰӦֻǿЦġ
ǸˣǷǲ֡ңҪѵһ쵰
ըˣӦ޳һץ𱦽ǰɣã롣
˦ǵ֣ӰɵԾԺУνʡ
һ̣Ӱա
ӰӦӣǱˡվǰţεضšͷϵӦƺ𣬾ԽԽ죬֡
֪Ȱ裬߻ˡ״һ̧߷һʯӡ
һŭ߳һӰ֡
Ӧ޳صͷʣ磬ΪʲôʯͷңСѾͷ
Ӧ޳˵ʲô
ǷֿǸæסӰȰ裬һߣ˵ܵܣֱתһͣʣ޳ѷǵУΪҪ֣ôף
ҴҡӦ޳ذѷӰѵԼĻ˵һ顣
꣬Щ˵ôϹأϰ䣬˱Ƚϵġѵвϰ˶Сӣʵ˵öԣǿһʦǰҲӣ
ҡ
ļ磬Ȱ˵ҪȲҪ嶯ȴ֡
һᣬӦ޳ˡ
Ȱߵܵܣɰ̾һߡӰûϲ̵ǰŹӡ
һˣ˿Ӧ޳Ǹ
Ӱһ֣ȵ˵õǸҲǷǲֵġȻʣգǰźа׽
Ѿ̽ǵĳѨڣҲѾ׵ΨһǸطû»뷨ӡ
һţԽԽû졣
Ӱߺʣ빫ӣ㣬Ҫ׽ʲô
һ뻹ǰѽⶾ򵥸ǡ
һ㣬ǳͣа𣿡
ģش𣺡С
ղ˵кܶ඾棿һҩ棬˹Ƴ棬Чġ
ü棿
ݸ԰Ыӷɶ֩ʲôģЧ
ⲻѣƬ̴Ҵȥֻܿһɫĩ
ĺʱ֣ķǿزֻ˱ܵĳӹЦ֪ģ߿һۡʣϹ᲻һЩۼӵҩۣ
գۣǵͷܰѳ̶ĵط
ɰͻظҪߣ̲סץס䡣΢٣ת
빫ӣǿһҪСЩҡǧﲻ֪β˵ڣҧҧȴֻ˵ôһ仰
Ĺػ΢Цһ£ס֣οġҲµġһֻ֣ǻܵܡȥһ˺ĸЩ׼
š
ЩǸֻ²̫ƽպ۷ʲô£㶼ҪڸϾ飬ԻǸȫЩ룬ܵԺҲףѰȻһ㡣
֪Ƕɱ˲գ۵ͽһҪ񡣶ˣ׸ϽΰҲԴҪʱ˰æġ
ЦЦͷͣƬ̣ȥĿıӰʧЩȻЩǡһת˸š
һĻǡñһ·Ѿ߿תת˼СţһŸȥˡ
ЩӣϵİţÿշҩҪʳ嵭ֻԵķա֪类Ź⣻̫ĸ׳˱ҲģֻûɵڸʱԾӹ۲ԼȻƢѾߣĵĳӡ
ţһѾ߽˼䡣
ţڵ
ɣ˻ˡˣôˣ
ū澲֪ظʱ俴ġ
룬¶ʱİϹзһܾһۣˣˣһƢͻȻʣ˵ɻ᲻ᱻ˹ȥ
 

176 

һѾаȴ˵С㣬Ǹ̼֣ûŵûݣ䲻Ľ֦Ҷ˵Сûϣ޸˼ҵģѰɡܸء
ⷬУ¸˲١Ƭ̲˵Ҿܸɡܴ˳ֺĹϵҪٲѰɡЩ鱦һǹкȴܵõô࡭ߣҾ˾ǿһ򱶶ֹû۹ġ
Ѿһ㶣æ
ּҵȥҵҪκãȡ
Ѿһȥˣ·һỨգ²ʼѡ·
ͬʱڸһյϽһСˣȷ½Ҷ˸ɵģ
үūŰķԸ´ӲŴӣһġ
Ҿ˵϶С쵰ðҪȥ١
ѽүȥѽû֤ô棿Сһæקס
סϽõĻ쵰ѵͱˣ
ķӰɡ
ƵصϾɥãϽ͵һԸС͸ԼͱƵһ飬ֹ
źܿ͵
꣬ЦϽֵܱèϽűͨ߻ǰ½Ҷ˼òֹܼ˼䡣
ܼ㶾Ȱүôֵġǳ˲ӣүֵˡ
ʲôȥȥߣݸԺҵң㲻ҵģɨȥһۣ
һ£ֻܼõͷ
һʱһϢݸͳ꣬ЦһϽǸԲÿģȻѰͷˡϸ£ȴǸΪǵĴš룬Ը図䡣
½ҶŹұֵܵϢ⴫ݵģΪϽߥ£Ϊһ̵档
һ磬鸮˴ȴȥ˺½ҶѾξȥˣ֪ȥ߷Ϊⶾ׼ûжʣȥ
Ļﲻѡ꾭ܶն񣬼龳˵ҲסãŴĬòŮ֣Ƕ㡣
ĸô˵Ϊ˺ǽܣǲԻҶֵġµѰϵ˱ضСһȥ׽ᾪ˶ͷףưոݣûйٸıҲˣأĸҪ˵ʲôмơ
һġ֪ġȻʵĴͷ⣬ЩϵһʱǽҲҪСġϴԺ£Ǿó̶ն
һᣬסǳԹ緹ɼҽظ;˼žͷԸƵչһ֣³һᡣ
ʱܾ˲ᡣЦʣϹòˡЩӿɺã
ݸл˹ġͦõġ˷æĹ°ɣ
ҡͷܾ߹˿ʣƺ£
ȷʵ£û֤޷˼ǰǾߴˡ
ü뽲
ǰҵѾߵ˹ֲ˾ǿңǱƳҧġǰ屻Ѫҧ˵˵һ飬˵Ǹ˾ãҧĹƳ᲻ҲЩģ
ܾ꣬˵Щ飬Ŀ΢˼һ˵˭Ҫǣ
֮ע⵽ҡΪԺİӣĸֶùˣ͡°ɡҺģ£˳ǵж
˶٣˵ЩʱεԵ޹ʵѪǸҽݵĴβ룬ֲֹǷڳسϻΣ
ٴȥĽܾĬƬ̾˵˵öԡӰȥ֮Ƿʤһôã㲻Ҫġ
ԣæ˵ˣЩΣȥ鰸ҪСЩΪԺİӣݼҸӿ϶㲻һǹᵽһֻ㲻
û뵽ԶܾصͷĿֻɫ棬ιػ֮⡣ó˵ЩΪԼġһ£ЦЦ˵֪㲻⣬ڸҪ񡣡
š
ܾվԭһ߷ѱ¸ɡ
ǿóܾǸˣ˲ΪУܽΪɲġЩȥ˵δط㣬Ͳһˡ
 

177 

ӷɿعȥٴ˸ֻÿȥ߷¡
ʮһ½Ҷξ֪ںδ˴ܣûͷգ½Ҷٴθ֪ʲô˴һ·˾׸ͣһ֮£ܾ˵Լ¡
֪˼˺һᣬǰ˵ġ
ʮϹµĽˡȻЩʹްҧ˵˴󲿷ֺת˵صϵİҲףٿôˡ
󣬴ھ͢ݣǱȥס
˵Ľźöˡ⼸ջҪҩ𣿡
ˣϹµ˺ܶ࣬ѵõһ䣺ֺ𣿡
ллģõòˡ븮ʱ̧λ˼Ȼˣڸɡ
̶òסһλòʶպ˻ʧġϹ²ǿһ䡣
ŮĶ£Ϲµͷ⻰¡Ŷ븮ʱ˶һó̶סգһҪĹΡȻԸƽ߶̺úòٰ죬ΪŶء
ţסݣ߹Ц˵үáΪ㲻ǵˣ
Ǻǣô᲻ǵأү㡣
ԳЦİһۣȻعǣֵЦЦлСү
ǧĵķˣȴɸߵġʶһŻش𣺡ˡŮˡ
ʱٸյ֪¡
С˵үûүһˡּҵ֪Ȥزһ¡
ԣٶʱŭˣİ̲סСѾͷȥڡźó裬׼ˡ
˺ü䣬ߺߵѹͷ𣬷Ըּҵ׼
ʮģϸð硣
ĺʱ֣Ϲ¾λĺٷࡣðĸ׾ǲɫشŵ̫ܵĸŮһ̫ƺûռԼԭλ̹ȻϯһĲںϹмɻ̲ס࿴ۡ
Ʋ룬ٿ˿Ϲ£űӲ鲻ԸƱ˵ãϯΪصġүҾȸΪˡ
ͷϹ˵Ŷ븮ʱ̣Ϊ㣬ҪȡǼǸľˣҪԴס
Ůԣ˴˿˿ֻüЦŴӦ
Ůû˳ϽžĵģüϽһؿλ̫֡
оϽڿԼתתﲨһ£ƺԼϽĶʱ
һٷԵĲͣϯûҲг
գǵܵܵ¸þ͸ĸ׻ݡ
ݣѾӣϽһžұ޵̲סʣ㼸ʱҵү޸ǳ
ͷ⻰ɵһ㶣̶ѵ⣺ĻСӡ⻰ǧ˵һýͷĴɲˡ
Ʋ죬Ͻ̾˵ʵˡΪʲôأ
üһЦ˵磬˵ǸèɫûӡŮһǸˮ¥ӣʲôõġû㣬ǧԡǡ˿ĸףͻȻ˵㲻ҽϹ˵ˣ㻹͡ĲǸģѵԵͷת򡭡ֻǰǣŽ
ĸӶ˵ס
һᣬϽʱˡڵһʲôкɫûӣҼʱûˣ磬ңʲô˼
û˼Ҿ˵ʵǧ𱻾ļסòãʱٹϵİ檣Ź֡
㣡ƿԣϽȭűסĳ嶯
ŶŮ죬عվָס졣һûӣһ˵ôôԩûֻ˵ĴסڡٸҶ࿴Ǹһۣȴȡ¶Ҳ졣˵ģ׼㣬ȵһĴļƣһô𣿡
һ㶣Բ˵ˡ
ߺ߰һһŮһ٣ٰǸˡҦֽȰ̱ˡٵóҲǲµģûӣ㡣
һٿ˿̾һ£Ҳǡ֪С쵰ʱ
һĸ꣬Ҧְο˼䡣
ҹĻˣƻϨ
佻ŷںڰۣĵصȴǺҹС
 

178 ׽

ʮ壬ʱѹ¸
ɴǱľײᡣһ̺󣬻죬һƬ
ץ
ˮˣ
֮ʣڽֵ伱ϵһ͵ͣ¡Ϊܾ
Ǳռһֱóиξߵľײᡣһǰ߱˵ɪ¥˽°ɱˣĲìͷֱָƷﱻٱ¡ףּٽľײкڰСܾǰ׼ץС
̧ͷķü˵߾衣ǰ
׸֮ʣԺһȺڻսһжǺ棬ִӦԵԺһŸɫֵսƬ̣һһ߼սһ˾׸Ͳˡ
ãͻΧɡӦţóһֻ졣
սеط˶֣תһ
֮ʣʮֻٿȻԺе֦ҶϷһں˵ʱʱ죬һֻУȫӽ־ǿһСֱֻУͬʱ𣺡
кͬʱһ٣ԱˡͻȻҪӣһ㶡
ͣ͵˲䣬Ѿɢ˳ʮڣͻȻףеˣ
ˡɵĽ˷Уһ졣
꣡
£εиڶСе޲һ̶ͣеĸڵءǳһףж׹ء
ֹϢ˲䣬ںϡ
ƺУٵᾹ͵һͣ
ʱһֻԲ𣬻һţһżϸܵ˿գۼͰѰ˸ס̶ٴһԲԾץסԲɷԾܣס
䣡
һ÷̳ɢ䣬ͬȥ
̳лͷس˺ݺݶţִջؽֻ㣬ܻһ䣬һ·ɵȥ׷ᡣȱӰ죬ٱײ޲ˡۼһδˣܾ˸ϵˡ
վס
쳷
Ѿʩչ£ڳڿ񱼡һᣬͷһǱһƬܡʱ׷Ƭ̣׷˹գ׷֮ǿ˦Ҳ˦
һᣬʧһ¥ٲ׷̧ͷһɪ¥˿û׼׷
ҹ¥ھġ
ƹӣٴͣˣȻ˼̤һȡȾͷһڻζϲ˹ȥŶ롣
ڼž
ͣѰɵټ

һŭᵶ
飡
Ϯ类׻ĺˣһʧصײϡȳ˻ͷ׷һֱ
׷˵ãһתһ̤һ䲻ݷرܹ⣬бв͵һ٣ȫһҡ
һ죬ǰѰֵӲϡźͬõһײǽϡ
׷ٴγ֣죬ꡣ
ɢ׷ܻѰصټȻյվԭس˼һᣬٴλصϣ۲Ƭ̲ĺۼһܣݺݶţԾ·ɵһƬϣֱǱ
ȥڲԶһӺӦ޳¶ͷֵʣι㿴ȥ򡭡ô֪Ǳȥˣ
վԣӰһѺ̣ܲ˵ʣιʲôιֵġ
Ӧ޳ֻ˵ǣŮˣˡҪ
бһۣ˭˵ˣӵġ׷֮ǿȥ׷ˡǵɱû
ˣӦ޳Ҫ׷ˡӰһסçײ书ܸߣҲֻսƽ߸ȥ˳ȥ㶪ټװ
ȥɡ
ߡҴ·˵㡣׼ּۻۣһָָֻıǼ⣬Ӱŵǿ
ԼӦ޳´Сġ
ôçײҲ㣬ˡٴһ䣬Ӱͷʧڰҹ
ػأƹܡ
ʱ֮ѾʧƬլб｣ϮٲӵءУٴ
ɰͷһһӰʧ󷽡ŭͷ׷Ӱʱʱ֣һ׷һӾȥԶˡ
֮˱ʱѾ˹մأ˳ǡ⣬ķ֦ϵ
ʦ֣ץ˰ֻ
һЦķԾ֦ǿ׳·ʡܶࡣ
ĿȥɵͷﷵءڳڣһĻ֮ˣ˭֪ηˣ
 

179 

ɰͳʱһ˵լԺԺӳ˸ˣ
죬ǲ֪δðģǷŻǶףþ׸ˡһսͻΧˣ˸ӥ˾׸׷
أ
ʹȥ׷õˣȴ߻
ʬڰ֡
ʬ̧ˣƬ̲ŷԸ׸ĲۻڳѲ顣˸ǿ
˷ȥ
ͬʱ֮һ·׷ŷӰӦ޳׷̣ʧһƬӰ¡ܻ»ˣֻһƬصҲѰټ޺ްȴ޼ѰֻƵפطء
ʱƻ
˵Ϊ߻ڣ˿ͷվӧǰűͻϮľ
ñץ˼ֻ
ʧ˰ֻ
ġأ
ȥ׷ˡѾ˸Ͼ׸ˣܿöߡ
˵ô֪ģ
һ죬Զԡ
˼һᣬӧĿһ䣬ˣ׸˵˴ҵĸۡڣȥ߷һ̽ʵɲڡߣ
һݣڱȭ˳
һ̺򸮵˱׸ͬʱӰ߷ܿ죬ź쳹ҹɴżԺ׷ź˳߷׷˺ԶȻƺֱܻ׸ˡ
ྩֲСɽվںڰ֪˶ãķǴӺڰ߳ͷֻ
ץˡʱ磬Ϣһ¡
˵ϯضԱĿϢ
îʱ̣Ļɺڳأؼް֮ʱǱڰСɽһƬȻݵİأʯѻѷݺᣬ߰ͨСƬ̣ķóԲݸᣬצһָұߡ
ұߵѷǱ밼أָ£Ǳںڰ˴ɣ˿ڲݺᣬۼ棬϶ͿҩۣǷ׷ױá
Ǳ˽ʱǰ͸Щ⡣ֹķǺ鿶һۣߴһƣʧһ
ȥķóһֻȼɢصİɫ۶ɢֱƯһ۸ߴֻ㣬ķǰȥ
ʮʯǶö飬£ɫӣƬƬǣȳζ֯һ˵šܼһʯʯ׵͸̾᲻ɢ
ʯķ϶ɢֻһƸµѩ֦辣էȥ֦ϸ֥һֻֻƺʵԱԵɺ֮ɫĵرѩ֥ѰĶҩȴǽ֮Ϊߵͬƾ֮
ųѩ֥ķ΢ؿѩ֥ϳһֻһֻƴСĺͨڣһȦȦɫĻƴ͸ӳ£Щָ͹У͸һָһֻдĴ̵ָӣԲͨʮĿ
ɢӰ죬ֻƳ氲شڳѩ֥ϣûע⵽ķǡǣķ򴽣żǰߡ
һ

߲
ʯֻʱֻĸԭͣŵĳһ΢΢תԴԲ˹۾͸˵ħķǲɵһǡʱԭĺͻȻ˶룬һչ
⴦ԭĿռƺεϢһһŮۡ
ԮֻƳͬʱһ˲ͻ˰벽ľ룬ֱķǡ
ץס㣬ķǲֻƳжѸޱȣδգۣǾҪ˵ķϡ˲䣬ķͻȻ˰벽һֻϸСĵ衣ĸڵǰһˣһڵϡ֮һһɢһӯĲɫ˿չӯճסһĺסĸá
˿չͬһ˲͵ԾڿպԽľ룬ʯ˵ɲǼмͣһ䣬צһ̽һۣſһٴڿգء
Ҫ֣ĲѾһˣΪ׵һϮ£һŽɫߡۼӰߣ
һɫԲ󣬺ڿתصۿҪ䣬бڹ޻εӲһǡ
һ졣
ŮӵԮ鿵岽ͣٵ˲䣬ķѾͽץס˿һӣͬʱνʡ
ϯ
ǺƴƣŮӲӲӣֻٴκ
ûսķսǡӻصڼϣͷ񱼡˳սˡ
 

180 ǣ

Сɽս֮ʱѾʼ
ʵ۲ӧĽ飬ҪھĻ塢뻧ѡľټٸϹٷͥ౨һʣֳһƬ
ۣ̩һۡ꣬ʵ΢⣬̩ʣߵܣ¡㼸ʱʶģ
£¡ǰȥ˰ĿΪ漰ص˰գܼһ档
㵣ʵ۲ʣһ棿;ټˣ
ܾûٸ֪㻧¡ɳֻ֪и¡εЦһ£Ӧ
һڽȻһЩԱһ־ҪЦƣرס
ʵҲסһʱЦá
û˲Ŀܲһ˵ܶԳһ֪Ǿټ֡
ΣˣѽӦ̫ˡ
ܲȴ⣬յͷȷʵ֪л˵꣬Ծһվ
ûעʵ˭⣬ʱá״йԱ֧ܲŶ౨ȴⴹ۽ޣһ˯ģ⾰ةκЩҲбۿ£Żʵ۵˼
ʱӧչڻʵߡ״ܲһתҲ˻ʵ۵ĽŲʵЩʣߵܻ£
ǵġ˵ϷһʵңҪһЩ
ϲӣ
ǡܰؾǺ󣬸ҹݲʱ룬ûбʾ̫áů׼ڸӵܾһۣҪһЩ͡²ɣһһЩɡ
û뵽ܻҪҪǣʵ۸ǳԾֹ˿˵ߵܣҪ磬ӲҶʲôĲԼǮ
£ܵĸ￪֧ܴûôǮӲҶҹкܶ࣬ҲԲꡣ
ȻһȻʵ۶˰β˵ŸʮûǮˣǮֻ߷ȥˣ
԰ܸһֻƿ̫ʹ͵ĵƷһ鷿ԡܲƺˣʵۻɫԼĳƿλ
ƤЩʵʣӧϴ߷һֻƿǲ̩˵֣
һ£ӧͷ
ʣܲ˵ҲϲƿǺãȥ߷һֻ
˶£ʵٴξһ£ǿطԸ̫˰ҺͲҶȥ̩
ﵽĿģܲһӧʱгһ˳ظˡ
عıӰӧü£߷Ҫۣһټǧƽ𣬰ǺŻӵߡɳã̩ǮһҲۡ
⻰ʵ۲üǮ
˼ǣ̩ûǮҪǺҿ
ԣʵ˼
ʵ۲ӧ˵£ֵõܶصĻϲ𣿡
ͷʵ۷Ը棬ȥع˼һ˵ӧϲҲãպõػݶһ뵽档
һ˿ֵĹ⣬ӧּ
ͻʵۻ˺󹬣ӧŷؽáѾˣվƫȡ
һ̺ӧڵվ
Ϊʲôڲű
һӵϢ͸Żʵۡɫæ˵Ϣŭ·׷ϣ׷ͻˣû׷õˡͰͳ˳ǣΪ·ǱصصġֵǣصݺᣬĲȴ˿ûдؾͽ˵
ѣӧĿ¶㵡Ƭ̣ѹպޣʣӥأ
û׸ûץǣΪǾ÷ͷʱڱ𴦡
û׷ʣڲ߷
ڡ
޺޴һӣĻ쵰һ䣬ӧ뵽ʲôץ·ԣô֪ĸõĴڣʱûб·
һҡҡͷ
ﲻţӧʣ
Ժĳ֮˽ǹʦѪáίеĽӥڵĸ֡
ûã˽ӧ⣬һ˵ûʲôر¡ǰӥһ⡣ƷҵĴ꣬ӣĸֻҧһˡǸûشõľˡףĸɱˣ¶ʵ˵һ顣
ˣ˵ǰ۵ˡϴСѾ˹ֲ˾κãң˶٣ֻСñ׽ȥˡ
üӧƬ̣Ƕ½Ҷ¶춯
 

181 ׷

ʵһ㶣һͻȻ˵˵˵½Ҷˡ˾˵ֻͣҩ֮½Ҷ־ˡʱǡ
ԽԽԾֻʹ򵹣¸ºˡ򿴳ʲôǡ
ڲ֪ӧǸģᴩ˿Ϳǰһվ˳ȥ
ӧʱʵ
ɡ
߽ӧĿбӵһ񣺡£ҹвУŻ𻹶ףĸҲεǣ˾ʧºеĽɪ¥Ҳټò̫׵ǰȥ̽Աȫ
ʵ۳һף׸û׷飿
ûС˱ǲǣ֪Ϊʲô׷顣ӧ۶գſ
ԣһʵĿ¶˼εεؿ˵£ɪ¥ҵĲҵôѲˣ檾ãͳ뷨ΪȷºͻʳǵİȫȴЩѣ׸ҲΪѰɡ
ɪ¥ƺû˵ҵĲҵ
֪ӧֱӵѡ
Цɿ˵ɪ¥ȷʵĲҵû׼׸Ϊ˼ɲû׷ˡ
ץסӧĶ£бҪһ¡£Ҳʡȴ׸ĵȥ顣Ͼֳȥﲻ
ðɡŽȥһ¡
ӹƣӧȥˡ
ºһƷĸۡûлʵ۵ǲѲġ
ԴӾ½ҶѭЩ鵽Сɽصأָҵ˲ᣬ̽飬ҹ
·ϸ߲ܿᱦһǳɣıĻ֮ӧ½Ҷͻشáǣ̩糯ʱ౾ڳϵȴɢٸϻʵҪҲҶ䱦ס˻ʵۣҲͼӵǣס˰Ҫ滤ݵӧһӧ¾޷ʱصصıʣӧҲ޷ʱԲߣΪ½Ҷⶾȡʱ䡣
һӣӧõ͵Ľʱʱˡ
ӧŽֱʱشøձ׸⡣߷ͥУܲ²һֻƿɪ¥ƹѾ׸˰˵ҹ˴룬ڵļʲһѶϵ
ڵĽ׼ȵػش𣺡ôܣҶڸǼˡůȥԣԼҵׯסա
ׯӣ
ԡǻһׯӣ뾩ǲԶͣġ
һ£ӧûо٣뼰ʱ֪
ͳӦõġ
뿪ӧԸң½Ҷؼץٰһֱ˳⡣
ʱ̣ӧ⻷ܣжһ·򣬱Ӽͷһе˵ˣŵЩζɬζԼѪȡǸ򡣡
һۣӧߡ
ʱӼͷԶһɽϣǴⲪľ賤¶ƬһɿĲݵأ䲻ңȴ͸Ŷζ
½Ҷڲݵϣۡͷϡϡϡǰźܶ룬ϸëԶƳһë׵ĽɫվһԣķҲڡӰʦֿŵϵӰӣȴ
ϵͶӰ𽥱ֱתʣأ
⡣ķóֻӣ˵ӶճסǾ綾ģǰСЩ
򿪺ӣ˴ݵصһһָںϡ
һտɫѪ½ҶҪѨϣһһΡ˼£ճ򣬰زˡ׽ĸ編ơȡ˼ѪĸñСһȦήҵһţƺˡƬѩ֥ȵذ½Ҷı
ųѪ½ҶƤ˶˾˫֡׹ƣ½ҶҪѨϡ

״򼲲ǰƵƶɿذ롣½Ҷۣļȴʧص΢ᵽתΪʹϽѹǰϯ˿Ϻ֫ȫס޷Уֻܡ
Ѫˮë͸ֻһ˿˿űһεΣȫѪɲûз磬ѪζֵɬζһͷΡ
üŹζķתһԶһ˼һ£˼ʧڲľ䡣ɢػͬһۣܵԣ䱸
ⶾĹǲԱŵġ
 

182 

ӼͷһƬʵֵأŻ£˴ľӣһ·ֱڹٵǴֵأ߽·Сɽ
Ĵ£ӧһֵأѭζ׷١
˺һᣬһ͵ͣ½Ųͳ죬ºö򼡣
ͷһӧһǡʱ˹ֽһ֩룡֪ʱ֦䡢Ҷӿܶӣ֩Ыϡ
Сģˡ
צǼղҲͷƤ飬æֻʱãεɱһҡţӧתͷ󷽣֦ҡһĩͷһ
վס
£ӧ׷ȥּĽȴΧˣҩ۵ζޱȵ˷ܣʱǰͺ̡
ֽӧѾ׷Զƹʧȥ˿̽ߵټŵƬ̣ǰ˼ͼ·ԶѾ˺ӼͷϷĹٵ
·Ƭ̣תʣ㻹ŵʲôζ𣿡
ҡͷ
͵޺޵һģмˡߡһߡ
ķּҩ۾ۼ棬ٹӧ֮ʣ½ҶϵѪֹͣˡƬ̺ջ֡
ջؽ룬æʣΣ
ûˡڻһЩಹԪҩһ¾ָܻºȫָлϲ¥
ͷĵʣԭ˶ϳѪѩֻ֥һӣ֪ôģ
΢΢һЦѩ֥ߵѪöԲϵӣѽϹǣ̺֮ΪŨҵתͿȡ֮ΪáֻǽĽȼеľ綾ȥ綾ǸʱǡлΪѧзëϴ֮˵ʵʩʱ̣Ҳʷᣬû֮Ҳ
ȵؿ˿ûٶʡ䣬½Ҷһ¡ע⵽˶ͷȥƬ̺ۣоһᾫǿվһ񣺡лǰȡ
áӺͳѩ֥ݻԵúðհɡ
½Ҷѽⶾ˱óһֻȼգۼȼĳϢˢ
ߺ󲻵̣ӧϵ˸
ְζˡҲŲĸɢϢãȻ˵ˣ֪Ϊûˡ
ɫڵҪγˮӧطԸֿ
һٷĹѰǸ¡ɲϺ޺ۼѪζվܾãӧȻӻֱ֣ºׯӡ
ӧĵؼ׷½Ҷʱķǰ͵һ塣վȭ˵Ĵ磬лǡץ˳ӣǻ᲻ǵ鷳
ᣬ㲻òġһںúóҩһºͿˡϽ߰ɡٲ߾׷ˡ
áûн飬½Ҷתϴȴʲôæ˵ҵֻ鷳տǧ
û뵽ǹӣķǲЦʼش𣺡ӿ϶úúõġ
½Ҷ˳£ӧ½ҵׯ˿ա
ׯϵһϿҵظ֪ʮһ磬үιӾʹϱˣȥԣûӡ
Զȥ죿
üɡůͣү˵ɽס죬Զ㡣
ԽԽɣӧзءŴнڵȡ
ͳ죬Ƿȥ˽ɪ¥׸˰˵˴˼ʲǵƹڲǲ鿴شñ׸⣬˵˼ҩĲ½ûжҲû˳硣
ܾãӧͷֱ׸
û뵽ӧּ׷ˣԶԾ֮û˵ʱشñ˾ٱҩѾ⡣ɾڻشáǰϱȥˣ˵ҪһЩҩġǲʹӼͷд¼ȷʵǰ¡
ɪ¥أ
ܾȥˡͳ첻ȥ
ӧˣԶıӰ֡
ɪ¥ܾһƬϵ
ϸŲ졣תһȵͳ죬ô⣿
ֻһᣬֵףǶǷŻҸﻹ֪ץ𣿡
ҡͷʮֹأˡ
֣ô֪˷Ż𣿡
û뵽ôʣܾش𣺡˵ͻȻξ˵ǣһ¾˵˭֪Ҵȥþﶷ
ﶷ
ҾþǺڳԺڡ˭֪˭˭̯̯֣ʵҲãǶǷͽԼݴݿʡġ
ӧĿһ
 

183 һǳӡ

ɫ֣ܾתݹƬϵͳֵ𣿡
⵶µģӧ֪һۣ۶գػش𣺡ûøףӧԸ˿顣ϧһȡţӧĿǽϵһǳӡϡһԲΣǳǸԲεǳӡã˼
ܾҲˣʣͳ쿴˳кر𣿡
ûСӲĻشһ䣬ӧ˵ֵף±ضʵġ˻Ǿҵñ޴ӽ
Ŀȥܾ¾档ӧľٶʮַλͳһĮǴЩΰµġ
ΪʲôַǱѰĹأ
ĥţܾĪһĺҹ̽򸮡
׸참ӧȴվڴϳ˼˼˺һᣬʸ׷ǣȥδ
һᣬ·ӧĸ棬ȫǲš
ڳ˹ֱĺͣһֽǡ
ⶪʧ˵ټ
ܣӧû˵µͷظ
Զ図ͷһңڳﶵȦӣĿ¶
߷ķػˡȣ˿ʣ½Ҷû˰ɣ
û¡
Ҹأ
֪鿴˶ϺߣǸصص׷ȥˡͷǸŮӣ书ܸߣǹʦӧ׷ˣҩۺܺáķǰԼӧȦӵҫһ£Ȼóֻѩ֥ɣһӾֻ
⣬Ƥһ̲סʣ𣿡
ķһü˵図˽
֪ӧڴŽֱºȥشáɪ¥ֱ׸£ü̾һ²˵Ҳʮܵģһ¾Ͳµԭί׷ٻҶѲشáûɣ
û֪Ӱʦȥˣƺ󡣡
ţ˵図ȥҷӰЩӲҪҹȥ鸮
ӵ˼ǣ
һ֣䲻⹥ޱֻʤڵҰӧҲҶᶢСǺܵܡһ鸮ע⵽Ӱġ
図ȥ𼸸豭˼£òʣ½ҶȾٱشãʱ׷Ѱʦ־Ӻδ跨׷ĳӣ
ꡣ
˼Ƭ̣ɵͷ˵һֱֺùύȨ󣬿һΡǼҪˡǺǣϷ
߷ǲ佻ｹĵصȴšҹɫʱˡ
С㣬ūȥ˺ԶԶؿйٱ˺·˵Щƺǽ
Ǿ֡
ԡʣС㣬ʲôģ
΢ͻش𣺡ǸʳǺͻʵ۵İȫֱӱʵ۹Ͻľӡ
ǡţ˵ūȥ˻شøע⵽ҲнһӽһܿĹڽߣܶ˶áشñˣū澿׸˵Ƿҩ
ҩ
ͷ
߷û°ɣ
û¡ūԶԶ̩ȥˡ
΢˿ĬĬһ»ǶԼһҪסġ䣬һСѾʳ
ǽûʲôθڣԸҹ֪پ֡˼һ±Ըýʾȡò룬ʣ˭ģ
С㣬˵ҽǶһ뵱ТǴСϲպ󻹶
ʳУĥһ£ݸˡʳи£һͻȥ
СѾȥǰʳСڷһֻ롣۲Ƭ̣óֻ룬׽˼£̳һָֻͷİ͸ӡ̾һ£ǵֻӷڵһ
ڻˣ¶һֻϸСֽ˿üģ½ҶþȣĻ˻ʵ۹ʣǰȥףܳΪ׷ٵĿ꣬ǽҲܱңСģơ
ֽ飬֮һ棬ҽ˼
ʵ۹ʣ

ͳӧȻ棿
꣡
꣬岻ֺҶ
ֽϵϢ˼ͻȻͷƻЦһ£Ըʳͻأֽ˼䡣
ʱ鸮̧ϷЦӯӯ˰ʺ򡣼ڽ˳ͷ̹٣Ц
л㡣£תת˼˵뵽һ£ûǵø˵һ˵
 

184 

ٻѾߡ
ǰǸֳ棬㲻֣
ʲô֣
˵˳ĴܣҲûֵôװɡһĸո븮һ븮ǾͶùãǲǲ̫Ծأ
һٲɵ˼
˵ЩɷߵĶǳ塣û׼Ǹľɨǡ
븮һֱר֮裬ټȻ˳ͻȻ㲻˳ۡûɣ޴ԷӡĻʱ˼
˵㣬㵱ң븮үĴʵǺܲ¡˵欣ôֻ»Ƿ֮Ҫء
λԭֻǸͨѾߣΪճֺọ̈һվ븮װȣͼ˸ˡ㲻ó裬֣ơ棬͸Ϸ߶ЩѾߴķԷ׺á
ˣҦ顣
ĻҦ׼˵ȷʵ˵β£֮ǰүҧúˣ㲻üʧ裬Ҳ¸ҩүͷȥû׼˸ȻԶ꾫ġ
ԡ֪ү𣿡
ŵʾ£ү鷿ء
Ϲ¸ٲϳõʱɴÿǰҪʱϹŽ糯¡
վټѡ̩Ҳμˣ
֪̩ҪμӾټǱҪΪ̩͡ټǸ¡ʵǡе㻬Ҳ֪ɣ¡ǸƢǿ飬ͱȥŪ޺ӵ̵Ŀˡ
֣ϹЦ̩ӲټΪˡ
˵Ӧʱǡö˶ˣЦֱ֡
ʱϹͬţоһ½ֺתԸܼƽ׼Ҫȥϳ
ƽӦȥٽˡ
۶û̧ϹòƷһڣ£
ԼܱȴЦţү˵һ£š¹үǸΪá
˵ɡ
˵ⴺӶ࣬ǶܽҧеټЩã壬ɷǡЩ˵һһҾ͵ùġ
΢Ϲ̧ͷ
һ븮ӣҲҧˡҾøʦһ㣬ݰݣȥȥɷ
ѹͲаϹûس㿴ǸӣԴסôˣ븮ãʹԣֳӲֳʲô塣˭ˣҿŷ壡
û뵽Ϲôάģٶʱˡһֻ˵үֻǹ㡣˲òôã񶼵ˡ
ߣΪܼҹܵòáֻ÷绨ѩ£ǣ̵ġͻȻһӣ˴ŹϹ¸ûһͰˡ
ٻسȥʱϽ߽
ؿ˿ٲɵס˽ţػôˣ̸
Ͻһӣȴصá˵ҪΣʲŴæˣҾʡ
̸Ͻ
ߡ
ûϽȥˡ
һڣһ뵽ԼĶӳֻ֪˻죬ûš޺޶½ţݻȥ붾ơ
ʱ㵤¥ѾҶ˭˵ҵĻ
֪ϷзԷ˵븮һվֳӣ˵ǹ㡣
ңĶʱİţǧؿˣΪֺүһת۵ͺˣʹӣԣĳŮˣҡ
һҶæȰ̱˭֪ǲĸأȥ˵ɡ
ԣһ뻹ס˵Ǿơߣȥү
Ҷ鷿ϹʶӹΡ
Ͻ׵õĸ׶ٸ½ҶĿȾȻǸϽġֻԺѧϰ£ҲѾĵ·Ը׵⣬شаۡ
΢мοϹ¿˶Ӽ䡣
Ͻ˳鷿תͼÿһҡҷˣ˵ķġ¹ƺĽŲƶġ˵ķ顣
˿ķˣϽסһ˲̶Ŀ΢Īش˸عѾǰǧĵһЦүôˣùأ
ŶáϽƿߣյʹΣˡ
Ͻ̽Ųɵ뿪˸ǰͥҹ΢վƬ̲ƽסģһ˲ǵͷֱ佻
 

185 

ʱѹլ𽥰佻ǰķҡţԵЩȡ￴飬˵С㣬үˡ
û뵽ܵҹǰǳһ
մҵĹأլŮ֮екʮҪլճ̽ýҪȱ֪ˡϽ̲ʮ꣬ɡ
߽Ͻֱ̺ӵ˵̣鷳ȥš
ȥˣϽ̲Ƚʣڵ㣬ʲô
ؿ¥Ǹ¥ŮӡǶƼġô
һϽ˵㣬ıضҿûĶ֡

ҸŶѧʱھ˾˵鷿һ־һص书һɣЧȴƬ̣ƺӰ
㵵ؿŵܵһᣬǲʣ㣬ô֪
Ͻ̻һ¶飬˵Ӱһɣ¹·ʱ˻Ӱڴ¹ƶʲ鷿ģ·ӡдһģһ
ٴγһǲһ龰ɻ˵ȻǽϵѧΪλڡ־
ʵһ㶣Ͻҡͷ˵㣬û־ɣǱдħ֮˵֣ĵر֪¡ǸӰ˵ġ

Ҳ˵ˡ˵Ӱϰʮֿ̣Ҫ溮֮ضʣҩϣһҲδһɵ˱ΪԾͱڡ־
书ʲôر𣿡
ݴҩˣѪҺʲôҩ͸ǵѪжɱεġ
Ǳŵˣ΢ףʶ˸ộ⣬ⲻ书ɡ
㣬Ǳɺ֣Ϊ޸ʲôر֮
ܵѣٴɸߵĹھĵЩ£˼βŶ֪ˡٻԺɣģԶ롣
ڸҪġ˭֪Ҫʲô
ߵܵܣվĻɻ
˵Ϊҵͼ

˶ҵȤ
ҹˣӰûû⣬˰жţȴһ
ʮîʱһ̡
ǽһׯֻή˺ܶĺٴηƬ̣£˳ͣһ˵ָ⣬˰ڴʾѺá
һĻӰԾʣʦ壬Ϊʲôôˣ
źԱ䵭Щĺɫƣ΢΢һЦ溷׶񣬵ǿͺܶʱơȻǳ׵ʱ̣ǱȽġǿǣɺѰѳǿߵıԡ
Ŷ
ķǣѩ֥Էָһ룬ҪоһЩӡУѩ֥ΪսƷҪһֻ
սƷӰ۾һæͷ
ӰˣһֱԿŵľһһŵĸãˣ
ʧѪ࣬ʮղָܻ
Ȼ򴽼ʣͽֽӴЩ֮£㡭ѧߴܻΪãʹ棬Ҳ׳Ƴ֪룬ӰǺιϵ
ЦЦۡơ
ȳһ̶Ȼʩһ񣺡໡µӾ룬ݼƳϡ
ˡƺû˵ڴҵġ
ҡͷЦЦҲ֪᷻ྩҵʦŲڴˣֻķ⣬ϲĴ⣬Ϳһҩݣֿһիʱкöžβ
öü
˵ϻһѹˡֻͣ꣬ƾĵСɽϵɽҰɫʵҩʮֳʶʵЩ
룬Ŀ¶⡣
ʦӰ뾰ʦн飬ŵ֮ʱΪԮ֡ˣׯϣ۲ֻ̡
ں˳ʱ뾩ǶһС⣬һŮ̶ֹɷס²Ѿʧصץסؿڣڵϡ
Ŀãüǿ³һںѪ
״´󾪣æסʣˣôˣ
µվŮٴαƬ̲
֪Ϊʲô׷ˣ²Ҷʣͷǡ
ʱǳ֣ྩⷵء
 

186 ɷ

ߺ󲻾ã˴Ӳͬ̽ͷ۲ΣԵͷС󷽵һլȥˡ
ӣͻȻˡ
ߣ鿿ЦҡͷŮǼȻˣ뿪һӣҸطˡ
˵أҪҪྩ
һǿѹվСǻͷײϡһֻǼ⳷ˣȴڷ·أðաѼֵܴϡȰȫˣҸˮغúðᡣ
ǡ
һ˺ܿ챳Աߵʬ壬ȻѰ·Сȥ
ۣķǸ׽ĸãѩ֥鿴˲ӦͶϺ˭֪Ůոǿ׷٣ƴɱػزû˦׷鿻ˡͻȻ룬ǡ
˻תʱ򸮻԰ӧվţˮ
ˣҹ鸮޶ϴСûгţûȥ½ҶûлظξҲûС
ׯأ
ûˡ
üӧʲô˼Ҵҽˣ׸ץˡ˵ܾڳҰʣ˵ȥᡣ
ꣿ
ԡ
Ƭ̣һȥ½Ҷ˭ȥģ˭ȥģԼ½Ҷ١
ǡ
ס˼˼˺һᣬӧַԸ˼ʹȥ糯ٹ̵ִ﹬ţգϹҲϳˡ
ӧʲô߹òеʣƺöղϴˣˣ
㵣Ϲ¿Цһҡҡͷͳ˵Цˡˣڼҡ
Ŷƺ˺ܾã
ǰ㣬ˡ
һʱ䣬ӧ񼣬תĵôãȻůͣҹﻹе磬Ҫഩ·Ⱦ纮ɲá
лͳġҲǷ纮Ǳҧˡ
üӧشЦϴǷȤֲȥԣôᱻҧдʿɲá
ԣϹŻʵۣҸԼԣæֱ˵дʣıҧˡǶ棬ŶˡǰЩ츮ֳӣܶ˶ҧˡ
ǣҧ㣿
Ϲһصͷ
ﲻţӧûʣЦЦ˵ʧˡڳֳӱȽټ˻˰ѸĻݺúóһ
糯ʼˣĿͰٹ룬ӧ΢йһĸһ䡣
ʱٸյ֪걻׸ߵϢľѣֶ˼²ǿסʣʲô£
̣ū澴ˣ˵ճһ̳ӣָϴȥǸ̡ʰɡҦЩľսػش
ҧסֻûţĬϢ˵ϽȥһˣҸ粻¶֡ôġ
ǡ°ֹţҦַɿر˳ȥ
ϣ߬ӣ˵ǵǣǺ¡
׸ԩ
ԩˣȥʲô᣿ÿնȥȥȥտ⣬ʱȲ裿
ЦܾƬ̣˵ȥᡣھֳӣ㲻ʵ˵Ѳذӵͬˡ
ôô˵أֻȥȸ衭δ䣬֪ʧԣûȸĿڱ⣬ܾѾץ˻꣬㲻ҪƱˡ׶˵ȥȸ裬˿ȥˣ֤
סʱͷϳ﷢飬ŵĭȨһ»ǳϣˣȥȲ衣һζѡ˵Ĳܺá
ƭˡóһֽ˻Σ˿ȥΡذ˵˵ǽһ飬ܾѣ꣬Ÿɱ˵ɡΪ˲ܻʿıƺڻǴġǸǸɱ˵ĺڵ꣬ûȥȲ裿ӣ˵ɾɷˡ
ٴһſڽش𲻳
ɫܾʣ˭ǸطĲܺã
һ亹Լڴܣ˼һֻڰ˵ǣǣһѾ˵ġһʱȥˡǸֻǺȲ衣
˳ʲô
û׷ԼǲǺȲ裬ϲæƹһ顣룬ܾŻ񣬡ǲˣ
һһ£ԣԡȥȲֲ֪
һӥɱ׸׷ϣܾ潻֡غܾһòĻĥƬʣǸѾģʲô
Ҳ֪Щҵǲɢ˺ܶˣҲڡ˵Ѿ߱ˣ˸ѡ
 

187 

ʱ֣۴Ҳ鵽Ѿߵĸ磬Ȼ鵽˽ɪ¥ԶǸеģ֪ɪ¥ȫ˾׸ŴڵһЩɪ¥׵¡漴ܾѸ֮ưΧ˳µĵ̣һ׷˴򣬴˽ˣˡ
ֵ÷зһʱͷ鲻
ֺһţĵѾҶ鸮˹գٴνϴεӡ
ʱӧһӡδԸһʲôҴˣˣһˡ
üëһӧͷߡĺʱ֣˳һƧׯ԰Ůɷ׵ͷһæʣ䣬ô˵ôأ
һץסŮӧҵϵˣұɣֻ÷׷ϳءˡʮѪûˣ
Умˡߵɱ˰ѺˡĸӦھ֮ϡ
΢ӧοһóһֻƿҩúˣ
ٺŮӣӧ߳㻹ܸоĸ𣿡
ҡͷܡ
˼ܾãӧŷԸǰСɽҹʱһںӰٴνصءܿ죬׵ıըɽ쳹ݵķһС˾סҲ⡣
Сɽ¡¡죬ӧ˼ռ䷢һСãתһԵİӣĳ壬ʧΣ
򴽣ĳ̾˿ʦ֣ʧȥ˺ߵĸãѩ֥òֲֻѩֻ֥˾ˡʧذ˶٣ͻȻ˵ǸΪ׵ĺˣı͸ŹŹ֣ƣƻѪ
Ѫ
ǰɫģǵҲ²
ӧüôץסģ
ʱֻͻȻڰвĸҲǡţǸ˰ƾһӡʹһᣬĳڵվԭضһȦ㴷أˡǸһ·ܣսˣҲʹӳСɽԶͻȻǰѺɫı͵ˣˡ
ĳܻģӧҲļ磬úûһ£ʲôס˵ǼȻǷУûͻȻסġ
δ䣬һ
ͬʱͷֻһб飬һ˫ĿתŲ⣬ǣķ֡
߽Ů̧ĳգСʦܣëꡣҲûáҸɣ֩֯·ɳ档ɺѷѰֻо綾İճסͬΪ綾ĺӡ
ĳһ
֮ϸΣһͶϣʵˮ𣬵ܶϣΨѪܡǸ˼ܿͽץסӣֻ˵˸ӡ
ӧȴȻ˿ף
ʦֻ챦˿ײ綾師ᣬϵͽֲ׽棬°ոǿܽһ赭д˵ţƺԴ˷ʧ⡣
ŮӻǣӧĳʦͬţѧвءӧΪ֮ĳ
֪ɣӧ˼һ¾ʣ½Ҷ;֪ȥ򣬻شñ⣬걻׸ץȥĸõĸӦʧˣǿ׷ˡʦþûܴӺδ׷飿
ԳЦʦֲ𣿡
ӣӧ˵ҹ̽ǵĹ뷿˵иŮʮػ͵ĻǸŮӡ
ǽǸԲεѹۣͣƶĶֻ֣űϬʱ㽻֣ʱĽײǽһѹۣ񡭡ߵᴥһһֻ𻷡
һ㶣һ²˵ºˣˡʹģȻ󡭡һҵĵͶˡ
ղ㣬ǾֳˡǺǣССྩǲԻǽЦһ˹˵˿ףʦ֣һдջˡ
ӧӹһ˿ȣͷԸڣǵ١½ҶĵܵܣЩˣû׼йϵ
ǡ
߳ȥӧʣʦòѧҼǵúߵĶǽⲻ˵ġ
üһҲ겻͸ҪھϡʦѰһ°ɡ
á
ӧһϵ֮ʣ½ҶھྩǺԶĵط˴ɾʮһѣȴĥµøӼˡܺҹɫ򴽣С·ߡ
û߶ãǰľͼһ·ߵĴʯϡ½ҶһЦӻ֣Ҷ
 

188 ӿ

½Ҷһϲ߹ȥʣô⣿ҲǸʮͻؼȥ𣿡
ξļ磬һ˵һнѿǣҾ׾ٵ˼š֪ѾԶྩǶ
½ҶЩЦãֻ˵װӣֻΪסĶͷ㲻ȥ͸õˡ
ͷҡúƲ˹ģΪʲôȥ
Ҹ㲻һǸڵݣһ٣Ŀ˵˵ھֻΪʸ֮ġбȥĥһ¡Ӷ̫ƽֻСĦȥ˾Уȿĥ£ֲա
ץץͷҲȥ
ˡʲôûˣϽȥҪҵġ
ҪҲҡ¡ظʣ֪𣿡
֪
Сǽأ
ġ
һ룬ξˣǾͲõˡ϶ġ˵ҵҲڱЧʱءŶҽݡǴҪݣ˳·ȥ
Ȱأ½Ҷ֪ʵǵԼ˿̺书ԱѰ˼ŵٰȰߣǴӦ
ܿ죬ξǣƥҾ֪û
˿̲סʣ˭·ģ
ҸĴƽ͸һ·
ѩã½Ҷ̲ѣķǹթֻò⡣
겢ֱݣ߷図һռĸ̬һ
ܾץ꣬ھӵĹ׳Ļ鵽ǸѾߵĸͽɪ¥£ڰȫ⣬Щ켣ͷĵƦåһҪùˡ
ܺáǰŵǽ𣿡
ˡݸĹܼȥǢѰ½ҶŹЩѰΣڶֵ˾׸֮˵ףҪ½Ҷº֣϶С½ҶѾˣǾҲ
ɹЦãҪˣһڽˡ
ǡӧ˳ǡûиȥ
֣ø±ǲһӧӾ֪ߡʱҪپ
図ȥˣɸͥУ˼һͬһʱ̣٢Լ鷿׷ʣôᱻץģ
˲õġְˣ׸ץΪڲɪ¥£ûϵһʦүģ˻ش
û¾ͺáֻžЩľ
ġݴ󽫾˾׸Ȩȥе£
٢ͷ
ʦү£ֻۣöͻͻЩܾãڻܼҡ
һ£ҪСųȥ󽫾Ҫ֪
ʱ٢ӲŽ
Ļ£üʣֵ÷зʲôɣ
˵˾ٱɪ¥
ɪ¥ߡҡûӦ
ⲻǸշ𣿹зӦҲһ硣¹ٵģɪ¥ǣһǡϵǳһ׸ģ᲻ǲ٢ĵѡ
һᣬ׸Ҳҵ⣬ȥ˵ɡǶûˡе£Ѱ׵㲻õġ
ԣ٢΢Щǣ¹ٸˡ
ߺ΢΢ۣ˼βŷԸܼң˸Ϣ˵ɪ¥׸⣬Ϊ
һʱһϢݸͳ٢ҹ̸ãŹܼҷȥ£岻֪
ϤƬ̣Ŀ¶٢ˡ図õ֤͸ܾľǾ׸ˡ
ǡ
ߴϢġӧض׷ġ׸ͻӷңȶȦӰɡ
һҹعȥӿİһɾס
峿ܾûȥţһšܾ˼Ƭ̣ӦԼȥ
߽һСĻӣܾͼһ߹ʺ򣺡ʲôģ
΢в죬ܾתһʣ˵𣿡
˵ĶǱߡ
˳ָķȥܾ򣬡ȥ
ұߵĲ߽һ濪ľľ¹ֻ߰ļӡϸЩɫƬ̣ܾߵֻļд˸ȤĶ
ܾһ㶣ϽǷ֤ݵתһȴˡʣϽйڣ
ûش⣬ֻĴֻһӣչһ⡣
 

189 

ѰҰûˣܾ̲סװŪ֪лأ˼һû˵ֻˡ
ʱܾ鷿ļŵһֽĿɿڴΣɵĵͷϢֻһ治ֵǮ̾ţٴΰֽϸ飬úܾòȥˡ
ʱ֣ܾٴѲ鱻Ӻͽɪ¥٢ֻѲ飬ķ²١Цѣſֵ˼ȴ뾩׸ġͬʱӵšҲյ˽ɪ¥Ϣ
䣬ʵ鷿һӣͼŹŮˡ
£ô˯һ£
ԾЩۣʵɡ޵԰ɢɢ
ϲڵŻʵۣһ·˵ЦţŻʵ۵鲻˵£˵Һģ׸Ĵץץ檵ˡǲǸˣ
ԣʵ۶ʱӧҹУʸ棺ӧ˵ƺᵽ˽ɪ¥
ǵģ¡
£ɪ¥ֻӪôѲˣͳ켸ʱ˾ǵΰҪΪ檵ֹѽ
һίʵЦġ޲ԩǵġû˵꣬һѣ£ʺˡ
תͷһʺŹŮ΢Цһ£ˣ⡣£檷ųֵûţ׸ץ˽ɪ¥֤ء
ʵⲻѣ
ƺǵģ檾Ǵ£ǾΪס
£檼ﲻΥӪ
㲻üű⡣£׸ôɪ¥һ䣬ʺ˵檿ɲϹ˵ġ˾֪ˡ
Ů˵ԣʵ뻹Զ
ʱԶԸ·̫԰ͻͤ
ᰮ䣬˵׸ѽɪ¥ˣ
ԶԲŲæصͷǵġ
ΪΣ
˽ɪ¥Ĳ³顣Ļڴˣ׼Զóһۡ
ӹ꣬ʵɫʣȻǣ˾Уʵ𣿡
ȷд¡˰˾׸ĹϽΧƽ̲Զ۶գػشƺҪ׵ֵɽ
ٴΰۿһ飬ʵԽԽдˣة빬
ʵŭˡͻͤϣʺһһЦǸӡ㻹ǾϸӰɡ
ȻˣվԭأмȾŭãŷԸĸṴ̊Ϣͻң跨Ʋ塣
ʵ۵ǻȻʵĳ뱻Ķ࣬ŵԵشЩְڵĳ͢ƺȱʵЩһǣΪةκٸϹٷ
鷿κһʵɫԶԴͷĬɵüʣʵ۾˵ᰮ䣬Ѳ鵽¸ة˵һ˵
ǡة࣬ʮ復׸׷鵽ɪ¥ɪ¥ӪȴһЩ˼ɱ˺Ĺٽ׷飬ֳרĺڵ꣬һǵɱԾС
˶٣˵󣬴˰ѾԽ¹ٵְȨԽƽ̲á
һκ˼β˵£󽫾һᶮ£ôΥ£
û뵽ֱѣʵһ㶣ʣܸ棿
֪ݴ󽫾ûҪôɣµĽͲһˡһת˵¹ؾУ¶ӡ˾ܣͰܻ׳ӡ
Լذʾ˾ǣβһȥ㲻
ʵȻö̧֮ͷκΣʣĲ֪
֪֪ΪҪǣǸڵ͵ȻܴӾеɱ֣

»ǵϽύн٣ʿɱ֣ǸڵĻ˾ǸͨĽˡ
ɫãʵۻ󳼣ķضƬ̲ǰ̫󹬡
̫Уɫ̫ҾʣʶһĲˣʲôˣ
ԣʵ˵ĸͻȻáЩһĶЩӹš޹ǵĹͣ͸߹ٺ»ίΡأžְȨὭ࣬ѹ⵱Լ˽⡣Ҳһû׷֪㣬˿û޷ʵͻȻİ
 

190 ٱ

Żʵ˾İӣ̫ҡͷʶȥ£εΣʹ͵ʹͣ㲢ûпǡǲ㡾ְóӣôõľʹãóͷľͳͷ˼ɡ
ʵһ㶡
µνԵĶԴֻ㴦ʲôλϣʱأȨͨ𣿡
ٴһ㶣ʵĿ¶˼ãס
ǻˣЩľǿõĳӡȻз̲ɰ¡ȷʵҪúһóֹ԰β󲻵˿̣עĻĵܵܡ
ĸ˵öԡ
Ҳƫ衣˳ڽȴֳôһ¡
š
ĸ׵Ļʵ۵ЩƬ̱Ըּ̲׸Э飬еĲ
ʥּ´֮ʣеϢ͵֪Զǰݣֱ½ɪ¥Ӳƣŭӣߺߵ˼òŷԸĸȥ̽Ϣܼʣ֪˭ٱǼ𣿡
ְ̽ˡʮҹ׸鵽˳ĲŲ鵽ƷҵĹӣȻ󳶵ǡҪ˵˵ǲᱻȥġ
˵ʲôˣ
˵һѾ߲֪ΪʲôЩ׵£Ǹ˵ĸڽɪ¥Ժ
üƷʲô
ǰʧԪǼĵֳ̣֮ƷҵСĶиŮǹĻ
Σİһ̼֣ûˣ͸ҸǼ鷳õɫˡŸ˵ǼҶǱľ˾˼ҧġ
ٴ״յּ֪̲ڵ갸û뵽ѣԶԾһǹìͷ˼Һڵ꣬ơ˼ŶԲߣܼҼææܽ
󽫾ˡүͱ׸ץˣдƱָҪְǰȥ´ʣ˵ס
ʲôָʲô£
һ£ֻܼðԸԼͽԸ½Ҷ˵ˡ
꣬ƿڴţһϮûбµʶûʵȨиƨã٣Ǹţţһٶ޴÷ڵվת˼Ȧ߳ʣǲ˽
ϼҵү˵½Ҷһ٣ү
ϽǸǣһƢŷԸ߾׸ֻǾϽףߣϽǸġ
ǡô˵Ǳ߻᲻᲻ף
ʲô飬һһƷءȥ
һܼҶʱ˶裬Ծ׸ȥˡٴ³˳˼ַ㡣
˲һ³ôᳶ˽ɪ¥ôǣȥ٢ҪţҪ˵

˽˰ʱΪ˽Ͻűץ̶ʮꡣΪ˾ȶӣ˧ǣΣַΡ
ĺɫʱݸĹܼھ׸´ϡʮˬسףֻҪŹ½ҶһƵϽϡ
˵ǣܾɫ˵һҲΪǼүҪϽͷҲ鸮ĹӣﲻȱǮɣ
ˣ˵ľʵү˵ӣ󱻴úܲңıҲˡ˵½Ҷָʹ˸ɵġǴ򲻹Ҽүֹ
˼Ƭ̣ܾԸ۰ѹܼҴȥЦŷԸвϽ˵ݼҾٱϼүŹɱˡ
鸮Ͻĸһ
ռণ֪类ץЩ飬ԷҲû񡣼ûɵأٰο¡˴ˣ׸鵽˽ɪ¥ĲΪȥűʻ˵ǣһʱûŻ
ܾòӦһ͸¿ӣˡ
ûٿ䣬ּҵļææˡ
̣׸ָҪүȥ˵ݼҾٱү˵Źɱˡ

һһɣӾ˵ءϽȴһ̶͵ؽܣôٱң
Ŷ£ٴ˸ŻعæʣǲǸˣ
ū澲֪ǵš˵үҪ̫ãþ͸ˡ
ҲȥȥͷţϽһץסĸ׵֣һš
Ƭ̣ȴҧҧץסӵֱıʾһվ˵ӣ׸ȥãֻ˵ġȥסҪ˵ҲܳϣһҪҧס
ɡ
ģֻҪҧסϡ
 

191 տ

ĸһ棬ϽվһֻôͷĿͶ߳ȥҧס˺һѾӣ˭˵ǾͶᡣģܽͷּҵģլĴС£Լɵۡ
ǡ̷ġ
ɢ˰ɡк¹¹
δ¹ˡٷԸȥٴ״
ס˵ģϽձߣϢʹ˶šܿ죬Ϸ佻
С㣬׸Ĳǰ˺һͼүˡʲô¡Ϸ˱ܣ˭ͷ˵ʹ˭
һϢᵽĵΣЦһζѧþˣǵ̡Щ¸ס壬ȥ㵤¥һۣѰ߾ˡ
ٴγȥˡԺվ˺һŻ˷ռ䣬Ӱס˼ʲôʣΪ˲׷½ҶѰ
Ͻֳ˲ӣƽŵĻỹҪյġ
㵤¥бŷؼ¡һѾ߽˵̣˵վ׸ˣүֱץˡ
ˣЦѽǶ̻üת
ū澲֪Ŷ˱տ˭˵ȥүʲô£ʹ˭
Ŷüʣڸˡǰү鷳̻𣿡
Ѿҡͷ̣ͷһء
㣬ǰ˵Һøֳӣ˵ʲôɷǷ壬ǲǶģ
ôʣѾתתͷЦ˻˵ɶ̱ϾǵҵģȻү㵤¥
ߣҾ֪ͷţҸ̶Ÿɡĵɱļأ˸Լʹҩ˿һա塱ԣʱɷġüһͷױϣ͢ȥ
ʱϹƷ裬һ˼ʲôĥһ˫޹ǵַļ磬һŴү
Ŷһǰɵöɻһѱס˵ЦʣСôˣ
˼үˡ˵ĶͷĽЦһ
ԣ
үҼղŷΪүץ·𣿡Ĺػʡ
Ϲȴһ㶡ټȻ˱죬ʱȥүϽ˹ٷǡ˵ƣֳʲô£
ү֪ӴǶĲˣ㲻׼ۣܵüʱүġ˵׸Ĳ۵ǰȣүͱˣȻūȫ죬˭˵ʹ˭
˶٣һϹ΢£ü壬ٴУΪǺܴ£͸æοү˭֪Ȼ㡣
⻰ϹĿ΢ˡլĹ½öһˡ
Ϸصȴź¹»ػһ˼θϹݡûãСѾ߽̣үǱߴء
ʲô£
ֻ֪̫үǰ
ģٶʱ裬Ҳȥֻ͢
Уּҵ̺šѾϽߵԭίһһʮ˵ˡϹ¾ֲ֮⣬Ե£˽
Ϲ¾ʣ٣ݼΪξٱŹɱˣָʲô£
̲סһּҵģٸæӿѣүЩӶڸˣĶûȥ϶Ǹᡣ
үҾû׼үΪ˴ˣ׸𡣡һһתץס˻
󾪣üһãùˣֻġҶʲôҲ֪żƢеģ˵ɱˣܡ
û˵ɱˣɱˡҪΪʲôү
ô᲻ʲôͷ
ӹһ˿䳰Ļһתү˵أϴθֳӿ϶Ƕָʹ˷ģ˳ҵĲǡүˣʲôѵģƫɣһڸ
һ㶣û뵽ȻѻƻֳӵԵ˶ϣʱˣŭϹ˵ʲôҪǷųӣߣһóҧԼ
û׼ǿơ
ˣס죬ǵ̣˵ʲô죿ٱļ÷һ˾ó裬۾ݺ
ȴ죬ֻһϹµֱۿأүҺԩء˵˵ʵҪҡ
٣סڡ㿴㣬޴ȣ˭ˣ㲻壬̳ĶŮ£һ塣׼ٿҪͱˡ
һʱס
 

192 ҧ

ˣϹͷذһ٣Ȼ׷ʣǲˣ
ûСүЩ˵˵ܸܲ׸ݸ飬տһӵţϾĶӡ£Ըûô
һᣬƽȥ׸ݼΪʲôٱ
ƽȥٺ޺˾һۡߵ°ͣһơ
߳͢վסŶݺݵּҵģôģ
̣Ǿ˶񰡡үūʻū澲Ҳش𡣶ѽּҵһ࣬һһԸĶ⡣
ˣˣ˵ô֪ģ
̣ס׸ǰվţ˭۶Ϲ
ԽԽٶ˺һѹסĵԹԸȥٺ¹´̽Ϣ
ִܿ͢촫ǵĶЦһʲôûʱ䡣
ɢ塱ԵϽץ£ǵΪҪٺ;ļǽԹԽ޷ͣ˲жǺĿܣлȡ
鸮ﶷ׸Ͻȴԩˣнֻ˵ֻ˵Ҵ򲻹½ҶɼҴһٳףȫ֪ԩԩ
ݸĹܼһҧ
ǡ˵ҵС˸½Ҷ˴ңĸæǽеոǿĻܱأ
û뵽Լд˷žͱô¨ӣϽٴαõС󣬷ɿذӣһ飬Ƴ֤ˡ
δϽ֤ȫץ׸ʣӣĴҲӣ˶ǹԾģϳŹֻҧϽ֪ŭʲôڸ£˭֪
֪ӣ˲ˣϽѣֻҧԼ½ҶйڣæΪƲԼǿ˵ˣ½ҶˣºҪֻСá
ţܾĿ¶ζĲ½Ҷ
Բǡϣ½Ҷء
áѺɡ
ԸѺܾҹ
ĵӱϽö࣬ԼĵǴҫϰˡν׸Ȼš
̴̵߽һһʣܾ׼ôСү
εİܾеص˱裬Ʒһ˵Ǳ㣬Ͻٱɱˡ
һ㶣űһЦЦһụ̈ˣпɲá
ôֻʣϽдţŹ½Ҷ
԰Цһ޹˼ɵذϽдԼܼŹ½Ҷ˵˸ס
Ŷ֪ܼЩ˰𣿡
һңþС
ܼǷ£
ȻԺ˵㣬ҵģ𣿡
һѺ𣿡
ߣôң
Ѻܾ˹óһֽ
¼ǵ˳ϣίСζǴܣǱ򣬼ϴߴϡһθһڶζĿ˶󡣵һθǮǹܼҡڶɵˣơλɵˣһơǰίжˡίʮûҵ½Ҷ֮ǰ½Ҷ˰˵˹Ѱƴѣѣ
һ㶡
ֽ˵¼ǵҧĹܼǶ½Ҷ¶֣Ͻָָ֤ʹ˰½ҶȻδȷʵΪɱδ죬ɴСҪΪˡ
ƺû˵ʲô˼һ²ʣϽ˵һı½Ҷ
ԡĿڹѺˡܾóһֽ
ָӡͻȻӵϱ쵰Ҳǰͷ𣿸ĺôڮңֻȥܡ½ҶҪˣҷѵǸı
ץסܾüʣ½ҶúúõأʱҪˣѵˮƽ̫ˡ
㲻ţˣˡŭ
ξ˵Ĳᣬ˵ӣ½Ҷһշƣ̬ܾĿ΢
˼ţٴϽ
˵½ҶܿҪˣʱ
Ͻһʸڷϵûе£˱˵½ҶǺúõ𣿡
Ƭ̣ܾٴݸĹܼҡ
ܼҲ֪ίУ֪½ҶʱԩμӵҧϽƭԼү
 

193 ָ

һҹ䣬ϽݸĹܼҡ˲ϱץá
Ͻľѣᶨغԩҧʹ½ҶݸĹܼҧסϽţǿȴַڵʺ𽥷꣬ĥüƣַŭ
һϽָأʧصСүչͷҡҸ㣬ܾ̽½Ҷ˹ֲҪˣ˵ֻҪܾÿ죬ܡߣһûźãͱ½ҶˣдҰæ˽ڣҲùܼ˸ɵġ޹ءʲôϣбҪһˣ
½Ҷ˹ֲö˶˵ģܴϽ㣬Ҳšܾһתû
ߣҸ㣬½ҶľϲǸʲôĹ˼½ҶͲ½Ҷ˹ֲ¶ɵ
ĽţҲͲסӣɴϽƳסϽڿ˼ͽԼ޷Ϊбڴ󽫾ơһֱҡβ͵ĹͻȻҧˣñ
ܻ飬ܾ֪˵滰
Ͻָ֪ܿԼ¶ʧɫԱУһеذƸꡣ
Ͻָ֤Լ꼱ǣڲţףֻ֪ɪ¥ɱ˵һʱʵ
˻ָ֤ãȥָؽɪ¥֤ˡϽȴָ½Ҷıɱ˲һΣǶΡݼҲ֤ͬʵϽŹǡ
һҹѶʺ֤֤ݻ̲ܵڹ֤ݣ̲ιúܾò빬ʥ
ɪ¥Ĺ
ǵġɪ¥ĻйˣǺڵҲȷ£һҲָ֤뿴
꣬ʵüʣأ
߳Ͻ٢ʦүǢ׬ǮТ˱٢볼ƽ²öϡ
һڣʵۺд٢ôĵӡްѱԽ˾Ϊ˾˽Ĵ֣ιȫȨ顣
ּ
ּ´ҰԾ
٢Ըʦү֮һµغԩָԤ»С
ű֮࣬ŶԲߡǡʱһʮŮںӼͷ˴շڵ
С÷ˣݼҼҴҵһ棬ǱضǺޣɱ֮ġ
Ů̧ݵһ˫۾ȼһնػش𣺡ս㣬Ҳ¡ҲҪõھȪ֮±յ۾
չȥ٢ûгУ̲;׸֤ݣѪˡ
齺ʱ˹ʵڮپнʿҪʵ֤ݺٱˣ
ʵ۲˵ɱͳϽ˾һᶼǾҵҵġ˵нʿɱ֣̫ˡξ÷ԸΪµڱΪԴ˲ṴὭģҪС˵

£ĶʱǣʵýѵӼ꣬ԸܾЩͻܾةѧʦͽųĶӲ˳ۡ
˵ܾǣ
ܿǽⷢӡ
ʵȻ֪ةһϵĹϵã⻰Ŀ¶ûãԶ
üëһɣȴϵվһԵȻᡣ
߽ԶĿбӵ񣬡£˵׸ԩ״ݴ󽫾Ķɱ˺ݴ󽫾ӷɱڡ˰ϵش󣬸漰һƷר
ԣͬʱһ㶡ȻʵʣѾԩ£ֱһɺԡĶӼӲ£Ҳıġ
󽫾Ҫű⣬ɵİ֤ġڴ󽫾ްӣҪһ֪
㡭
ڰ֣ʵֹ󳼵ִʵݣһ°ɡ
£
һۣݰ䣬ǲһҲΪá
پֻˡ
Ҵһصַѯʣ׸Ǳ߼ʱֳɱ˺İӣ
㵣ַֻ˵ûаֻ鵽˽ɪ¥ʵݣ¹ı£ʱûж
ȥȥ
ַ˳ϳ˼ţԽԽľһʱ䣬벻δץ˰ѱ
ͬһʱ̣һķڰûܾ㻹ҪôһǮҴ֣Ҳʲôɣ
ڲˣиüһһĻ
ЦŪʲô飿
 

194 ֤

ûܾתԸһ䡣
ܿ죬һŮ˽۾ƺ˻𣺡ǧеĻ쵰ҽ㳥㻹ҵ
ŵһĭѪˣûϵҺθɣ
ҽƱ磡ˣšǰʮһȥǽСҽ㣬ֵϷǿϻؿջҵĵǰȥҪ㣬ŹŹǣһҵؿڣš㲻裬ҹײǽպҵ˲ΡĴ棬û˸ҽǵ״ӡûգҹ뾮СҶڲݶۿšǸ׿˵Ǵ󽫾£ҵﵽ˾Ȫ֮׹ݺָŮȹ
ͻȻʲôͷһ͵عֽ˵
ߣҲڲݶڣǸûҡˣûȳףֻùӳǣһ·֣ءƴΪ˽졣㲻ú
û˹סŮĲӣܾѾ󣬡Сȥúð١ȻŪְ󳹲ܱ߷ʮǿŮֵ֤˶ͬʱڣҪͻȻʧ١Щ֤Ĩġ˽˰ơΪ˼̣еĻ£ɱƺ£ˡ
ܾеֽҲŲ˺üһڵϣֹסض
ڰ֣ȥúÿܡ
ǰŮС÷͵Ḯһ״һšֶеĽ飬ȴҹѶƣʵ֤ݡֱõʵ֤ԶԲ빬ʥһ䲻
֪˵״ӸǿŮɱ˺ŭӡתʱɴܵȥֺء
ĺشһ²̫밲
Ƭ̾˵ֵ÷зݴ󽫾Ķֳ˲ӡ
ŶĶôˣ
ЩŹɱĹ󽫾Ӵ˸ҹʡӣֶƺ鵽ʲô£îˡòһ䣬ЦЦ˵˵¶Ҳ󽫾йءɳΪ¶٢һ棬Ҳݴ󽫾˵顣
΢̫󲻽ʣΪΣ
̫٢Ǳ飬󽫾ƹ˾ʱͬգ󽫾Ĺϵ̫ãЩͨڡ
׽˺һᣬ̫ʣ˭飿
̫˵Цˣ볯ó¡ô೼ԸΪЧһԱ¸жµġ˵أ
šܺ⻰˵
̫̫ʵۣ£̫˼ǣֻҪİ¾У˽ȴס٢ݴ󽫾Ĺϵ̫У˹Ϣ
ãʵ
ҹʱ֣ʥּ´̲ڵ갸Ȩ̲°ɱ˰ɾ׸顣
ͻ䡣ѶʧɫŻʵ۵̬ȣϵϱϹϽϣԼƲøɾ
֪ܱжΣ٢ǽɴ๩ĻʹָԼڳ￪ڵ꣬˽°ҹݸЩǷĹԴռѱΪոȨ̵档
űʵ۾֣һ룬Ȼŭ鷿κ˵ϢŭǸһʣô󽫾٢ʡһǸԵ˵鲻١
׼
֪κ鵱ͥʣϺ꣬ҿֻּôСĽ˹
ս˹û߶Զӧб߳һ˶ٽŲʹ֣ͳ졣
󽫾ŭ״ƤЦⲻЦһ䣬ӧһתҸɡռĹݰѱ£ܱסԼɣǺǣ׸౨ǰĻѾɱӵȫˡ֤ɽġ¿ڹȥĹϻպлܾȳ
ӧʩʩȻˣ׽Ļʶ˸Ƭ̲ǿסŲߡ
ԶӧıӰЦһ
Ľĸ벻ʣͳ죬Ϊʲô⣿ù¾ͻġ
ҲҪֻ˳ˮ۵ذһ°еǸˡ뿴ĻǵضԸҪʲôǸն
һ˵󽫾ǼŲңְܼӡ
عӧЦ˵öԣ˼ҾĶµûٽͣԸŹĶ˭ȥ̫ǰ˭ȥǰš
 

195 Ϣ

鷿ء¶Ƶ٢Ĳ˸ɸɾţ޲һ٢
ȵ٢˵꣬ʵ۵ѾڵҪγˮɨһ´ͷɭʣռѱʲô
͵һʵ۱ŭ͵ӧѣһͨ򵹣£ó˵
һᣬʵۻӻ֡
鷿ﾲ˵Ϣŭ֪ΪɳôΪ˱¡
Ϊޣ
ôϷȣҲΪž˼ûв졣鵽£ԭ׼Ҹµģûüǳ¡ˡһء
Щ˵ǣʵߵһʣ鵽˲𣿡
ʱûСЩëƤﶷ󷿺֮Ĵ¡
ߣ˵ùûʣΪɡ
£Ϊǡ룬̩ھءʲô죬ϲ᲻أ
ܵܣʵ۵˼ò˵޸һĹĻᣬͽ仹ҪġסҪš
л¡УĶӡΪУ¸һ·
̲౨ʵ˼һ£ס
յ˽ɪ¥֤ȷϢ޽ӣҲ֪ʱԣóȻֻ鷳ѹסһԸŮϢȻûʵ󹬷أױǰӭ
峿ӵǰʵİ󣬻һ档
պ̲ڵ갸°ɱ˰
ٺ꣬ʮؽƷƱ֮Ȩȥһ룬˾ȨһΪ껡Ϲơ٢˼永Ľȫ̡ɪ¥⣬ڵ겢漰Ѫ߰ɴãɱɱŵš
°ɱ֤ȷ䣬һٹǲɿ󳡣۶ʮꡣ永ӻȫնϽŹȴŽ̲ģȥپڲˡƾٱꡣ
һӵΪ֮һ塣ɫƦ̵̣ͷβǰδе徻ҹݵ֪󽫾ùզ֮޲ԼԼӵܽУԾ׸Ҳ˲١
֪Ӷ˹٣پɥ֡ûü̾ҦŽ
̡׸Χ˾үң˵үʹүڮٹ
ŵôס̼ЩŲסˡͷһ£ŷѾߵס˻ʣӲǽ𣿡
ūҲֻ֪˵׸ǣǾү̫
һЩҧԼͷվ챸Ҫҡ
ʱ鸮Ҵլͣ£ȴֻΧָָ㡣
ҵȫץȥˡ
زˡλүǰǺպ
ǲǡ˵ü޸ˣһƺ˹ֻ÷Ҳܱˡ
ŶߵĸɫٰۣԸ¹ȥδ¹»˵̣ˡȫߣӱˡЩԾǱȥˡְ׸ȥүʱܻؼҡ
̣ȴɡҦһۣľȰ
ĬĬ˱ۣٵͷ
ĵصȴ˽գϽڱŻˡһصңͷؽزٻùǺҽҩСղŰѶӰٺáմ˿¹Ѿ˸ڶŻػ
̣оˡүڮٹүٽɪ¥й̷ֻûҲټǡ
⣬⣬Ϊʲôֵز
ү̫״үı׶½ҶȴдǶƽġȥʾүǣڮٻ壬سΡְ飬淢ү̫ܵøӣԲ׷ģְ֪
ǼҼʱˣ
ɪ¥ҵĲҵүȴָؽɪ¥ǵ𣿡
סֱʱٲ͵뵽ɪ¥˭Ϊʱ촽ãʣ˵滹ܣͨ𣿡
ԥһ£¹Ọ̇̄үһεĶǺݽɫһǹһˡְ˵䲻ĻֻүҲʱ˵顣ˣȱסԼҰɡôţүӱϾûΣȱסԺ跨
ãٲŲΡΡذڰ֣ˡȥǼʱܷų
 

196 ʧ

᰸ڰգྩ⣬˿۾ݵͱӡһٹӣֳ˺ܶͷٲյź緢Եήɥ
ĸףһ²һסˣҵأҵôңһҪҵ˵跨Ҿȳȥֻһѽ
ġġȥ͸˵һ̣һ̡
ĸӱͷʹޣķ˳վţ˼ʲô˳࣬հѹڱŮϣ߻ӵұ˲ǵĮǱӣۣмֻ
Ŷ˺һᣬ˲ѺԶȥˡĿˣϲżȰѹˡ˵Ը˰б๫µġһʱȥ跨ȡ
ǲ°ܸҪֲҪ֣䵽񡭡
߶ϼο˵ŻͻȻԶһӳһţ㿴ǲҵ𣿡
ţ
ȥվڸͣšһ˴ͷɥһ»Ů˵ʲôŮŸŮӡҵþ
䣬¡˻ͣҲûū澼ҶɢСҲܵûӰֻʣ¡򸾲򸾣̫Ů̫Ķӡһ޴ҿó˽ģ˳
óƱ磬磬Ҳ벻ֵزµЩǮǸѰס٣պ뷨ٿҵٻصǡ
̾һӣǸ˿εģԼҪģҪĴι䣬ģɵ¡
ĬĬͷٺһֶ˼ĿҵĳԶȥĸɫ̲ס̾һοּҵĽУˣū澸밲ˡ
תһųϵڵصǡ
ƣָǿѿЦ˵Ѿʣ̣Щ꣬Ǻչ˵ġǲصȻָҶĪе
һæ˵ˣˡԲǹġʱʵýһʱˣ˵
˵жΰɣҪֹŹ½Ҷץȥûдܵ£ᳶЩʲôɱ°ùˣǼҵȴƲøɾ
ݺݵ˼䣬˶һݻܰ׳ǵţ
ˣ
ȥ
ԭһᣬٲɵõһʱ˲ϱ˸ֶˣҴﷵء
ǸԶԶԶһĻͱִ
ʣС㣬ǸõùүҲֵͬ顣Ϊʲôǣ
΢ݸпǣ֣˳Ѱͷ
ŶǣΪʲôС֪ţƲأ
Ƭ̣ȥ꣬ǿŮӺֱӺŮʮΪֹˡǡֻ˶ʮ꣬ˡþȨʿѵԼ˽ɻʵֻȥһıȨɷϢӣУʵ۲Ļ쵰ͻȻҧгݵ³һ仰
һ
ƽһ˵ǻذɡһܳ׵ݼˡҿ˵
˳ǣʱգȥ½Ҷ˺ŵ֪½Ҷûֻ֮࣬ðο䣬˼˺һỹ߷ȥֱ˿̣ǻ֪½ҶѾݣֱﶫǡ
߷ʮ֡ܣһ·ߣȴɵӰʣбһ͸Ǯͱǡ
ȻֻһбԼơ
û뵽Ӧ޳ЩЩΣֻ˵ӦӣʣҶ𣿡
ڡ𣿡
΢٣ҡͷ
ˣͿͣ
һ㶡Ӧ޳ȴһԱߵĻƣûҴ粻ڣ˵㡣ϳȥ
ƿӦ޳һֿۣǡ
ܣǶ˶ţԾ׼ߡٲŲһӰ󣬡Ϲ
عˣ΢Цһ£ˡ
߹ܾʣϹ֪½Ҷ𣿡
ЩӶ
ƺʧˡҶҲθҡ֪Ը˰ҡ
 

197 

֪ξҲû¾ȡǴֻǸдʣ֪ɴ˿ɲӰӦ޳⣬ܾڳ޷׷ʡ֮£ֻ˵ҿǻˡµġ
ǡĵﶼ֪
ΣѰ˼νһǵӦ޳תתͷ˵ˣ˵ʲôǿûѲǡ
⻰ܾתۿ
Ӧ޳ʾػӡ
ĵܾ΢⣬˵Ǿ߷ģ𣿡
³һΣоң½Ҷÿֻ򣬾Ǹ
⻰ܾ֣ûҿ
ЦһɡˣûץʧԵǮҲû׷أ֪ôƹܾΰģһ䣬תʩʩȻȥ
Ĳ̬ܾӹһ˿⣬ȴٲϡ״ҲϡԺתһȦȻһ
ذ˰ϰ߷Ӧ޳ȥıӰطԸŮҴ磬ܾüȥǱܱƭЩھǣ׼Ůסˣ
ƹİǵͷ֪
߷⣬վסţ⡣ʮ嵽գ¹ȥˣ½Ҷȴ
Ҷȥˣ㵹ýҲߡˣҲ˵һڴң̫ˡ
ע⵽վŷܾ˵ϹġҾµģ˵ģ֪ܵδȥˡëöһܵýû׼ߥ޻Ҷġ
ǰѾһ٣ǵĹϵֺˣ
ʼ磬Цĸ׶ǻףʶġִܾ͸ýѵֻǱ¡˵Ǹĸټұǣ֪ɣ
ͷ
ǲڳﵹã˷ˡУǸѾߵõĹֲҲ׸ɵġĲǸڵ꣬Ѿ⣬ᰲȫЩ
лˡȥץûŰɣ
ҡͷû¡ϧոǿˡشһ䣬۰飬תʣϹﻹҪȥδ
ûʲô£ߡҶûء
ǺðҲ£䡣
һŽǰߣܵȺע⵽ܾȻͶעĿ񡣺ڵ갸ǣ㷺ȴþΰΪ֮һ壬ΪֶӮǰ»ʵǻ֮ĶԺУ˿̵ྩһ¡
оȺͶľ⣬ǲɵת˿˼ŴάЩ壬˵ˣεĴǣ󽫾飬ǳдԱλȨأǡ˷ϳ;ͽֶӹΰܵİնء
ԣܾЦЦϹˡһҪ볤ξðɷศɵġɷΪȣֻιĸҪͻΣΪִˣʵĹؼβУٺõķҲ衣Ȼƾ׸ľҪȻҲУΪ񡣡
ݸ˵ʲôӭһһŮϹټҵǶԽܡ
ܾһϹӹһ˿⣬һٱЦˡϹˡ
ЦʣѵüϹٹδȥ
ҵܵȥԺ˿αɢɢʱ磬£һȥ¥緹ɣ
תת˵벻żȻϹٹ￪ڣˣɣ
Ӧܾûô࣬ͷ
ŸϵòϹԳֺ˶ϣٱ˵ˣǰ游˵һεİǣ㷺ĹԱ˱ˡ游Դ޲ڣҲ塣żԲƣһ
Ϲٹӹˡֻλıܾٱ͡
²豭Ϲ뿴˿˵ոǿĹضɫմϾһΣҽСϰҲѧмֻȸġ
΢Էٸ˵ܾûʧ񣬱ЦðܿҪˣľףʱá룬ʣϹȻҶÿһǡļɣ
˼Լ㣬ϻҶ
Цһ䣬Ӧϲԡ˿̲ڳɡ
ԣϹٽٴοһǣ̲סĥ
ù緹ܾǻظһ·ţʣϹ˵ǰڵ¶ΪĸТ
 

198 

ʣǲɵóĬһ£ش𣺡ǰʱһڹûϼһ档
תǸˡҲġ
ҪġҺΪĸТˡ
ûһᣬ˵Ҷ߹һЩͽڵ¡
һ㶡
˵أѾˡϹЩʤ⣬㣬㻹ǷǣңΪԼһ¡

ͣת˵ЩͻǡӣԸ⣬ңչ㣬𣿡
̧ͷһʱȴ˵ǾȣǸжǸӡ뽭ңıǴԹ˼˶ܶԶ֮޷ǲδ˳Ϲϵ»ʵĲ¼ɡԼףҲľͽ޶áЩ٣֪ܾȴô룬ȷıʾ
Ĭţǲ֪˵ʲôźá
ܾס֣˵֪ﲻϣ㲻Ҫᡣ쳤ڱϣƾȥ˵Ҳ£Ҳ⡣
һᣬǲŶסϵ棬˵ˣЩһֱչ˰æҺܸм̹Ż׿СǰΪ˵⣬лˡ
ûеشҲûмȥ֣ȥ
Сǡ
ץס֡ٲס֣΢Цһպ䣬ȴСǡ
ٴת鸮ȥʧڸܾĬԭأȴûǿ
ֽԶϹԶԶһĻĥƬ̣һü˸߲ҵߡ
ܾЩûɵػصḮ֪ڸϹٷһҡͿͣصвʣ£
԰ܾٸŮ㡣
ܾܲէ⻰ʱס
ӱ¾Ц˵͸ġʱھУؾǺةϣһŵˡٸѧΪҲϹٹС游̵˲Ʒò֮ѡʦŻʮͬҲʵΪ䡣ɻ֮վǱ˴ԸĸЩΣΣ
عܾ˵壬ңҲȢ
ԶԷ˶Щ⣬Զʣһ㲻ã
壬ⲻǺòõ⡣ϲò޹ءĺ˶ˣô˵ܾҡͷ
΢ȢһҵС㣿
סƬ̣ܾǻش𣺡ϣϼҴС㡣
˻һԶסӱҲΪ⡣Ĭ˺һᣬԶ˵ܾ㲻ϲϹٹЩ˼ҿԽףּҡлҡμҡоһ飬˵ϼңС
㵣ɵʣ壬СȻڶף¹꣬ҲˡҲں
ҷԲΪףҲΪԶ淸ΪϹ¡½үŮû
˿ɷӱ°̾һ˵巴ԣΪϹǴ֮ι˸Щһ·ġνͬı巴ԣϹֻǴӳԶǡ
⼸ҵѪù鸮ﵱңܴ㣿˷ˣȢϹദϹͨڣδãӱط
֪˵ʲôźãܾ˼˺һ˵СǸһġ˵һҲãĮġ
òõ˭֪Զûصֶһۣǿ˵Ϲ¾ȻıǻǶŮ׼ء˽ףޡ

ɷģӱԲ˵˺ˣȻ⣬Ҹ£Щ顣ɫãȥϢɡ
ܾˡ
ߺӱȰˡСǸġԽԽִ֡һ˵
ܾС帧Զ԰ӣ˿뵽ֶϼҵŮơ˷˵ĻüΣǵͷ
ܾصãмȱ־ɥ䣬Ī߷
Сƺȥ߷Ϊʲôأ
ţɵɣյһμӦ޳ܾмֹŹ֡˯ţɴ˺£Ӳ뿪˸ۡǱãͣסŲǰĿ¶졣
վǶȣǡÿԶڲͬӰһһģƺڶ߷
Ϊʲôأ
˼ţܾͻȻһӰӹ߷Ժǽ㣬ȥ
 

199 

Ӱž룬ԲԶ׺Ŵ߷Ǹˡһᣬܾٴͣ£šʱ߷ĺʧ£ҵĺӰҲͣ
ƺһ£ǰĺӰǷֱͷ
ܾ˼һ¸˼ҵĺӰ
̺ȵؿһӰʧڸ߸ߵԺǽĸۡĥƬ̣ͷӰʧķȥвԶһΡĸۡ򸮡
û߽ܾվںڰŽһĻ졣ȨܾãյͷֱǱƬӡ
һƬͰ¾ɵլסžƶ񣬻һЩ˼ҵʹӵļˡҹˣܾŵشխشܵĵΡãע⵽һǳĺۼ¹ͷϸţ˼ܾò˿ܵݣ˼תұ߹սǴһ뵹ĸ¥¥ֲָùζ
ܾƬ̣Ļӡǽһ飬ᴥһƵӺͣ¡ٴᴥǽںܾãӣϢվĺڰȡ
ʱ΢ĲԱߵǽϢػһӰ˳
űպϣʧںڰ
ֱʧ߷ܾջߣ˼
ʱ߽򸮵Ļ
ˣ߷Ȼаͨ⣬ڳǱݸҲ˶ҡ
ϣӧƬ̲طԸšȲҪ
ǡ˸ȥˣݸҲ˰б
ܺáɭȻһЦ뿪ǣ֮£Ǹ֪Щʲôʱ
ͬĶԻݸܾò˵Ǳ֪Ǳȥʲô𣿡
ûȥĴݾߡ
һۣСˣȶҡַ˵˶ˣ
ʮ˰бү׸ѺĲҲ˺ôǱʾѡ
˳ֳ˼ţ鲻ʲô˿ȴֱΪһĵù±ضйأ˼ˣͷ޶ӻûٺãŻȰࡣ
ҹɫڸµྩӿǽһׯ԰図˵ӣѾˡǽע⵽ݸ˳˳ǣ²ǰбġ
ͷأ
ΪڮٹûҲǡСȥˣԶ뾩ǡ
¼䣬ش죬ӽץסѹƫС檣ŮۿҴȥ޲˼·֪ڲķѣǲ˻¸ǣߣ¡̫˸ס֪õϢ͸¶ġȻ裬ͽ赶
Ʋľ⣬ЦЦʣк춯
߷˶ңݸģ򸮡޳ҹУȻ˳ǱǶûȥ
ףٴΰһһʧҹɫʱǴɽС·Ƿ򼱸ϡ
뿪ǵգѺִ˳ݡǸСǣǳز󡣰մŷûʸǡɫƬ̾ʹǰߣһСѰ˸ջ
ҹַȻ˿ջ
үҩϣžͲôˡ˳ݣְҸСͨһ²ۣЩ
ԣϲҵģ
Ըְ˰ﱣ㡣뾩ǻΪ˱ܿȥ侮ʯǲ
ˣһɨ˲ðڼˣһصͷúáȹ˳˵
ַˣһ뵽˰չԼĲ١ʱסһѾ˯ˡǲߡǿ̣꣬׻лõġˣûҪܡ
ʱ֣ҹɫмӰǱջ˵ķ䡣ҹ⾯ַۣ˸ƣеĺĬطɢԶҵһ˷ܵ۾භ
ڰƺһ˲ַȻƳһߺɫתͷȥ˲侢档
顣
Ӳƴһǡһ˲ͻȻһ졣
Żˣ
ɱˣ
źʯ˷ͷҡڲҲòŲǺܿ˴˷֣һǺ棬һʱѷ֣ս
սַ̣͵ʲôȫӵ˶֣ͷֱķ䡣Ѭǣʵ۵زѣ֪ȥ
һĻַ˲侪һ亹֪·Ϻȣ
 

200 ƹ

ʮַ׷ֺ󳷡ǡʱǲһͻȻһУˣһͷĺ˷Ӧꡣ
һŲҽУվŵĺǴˡսǸԺ󳷣ͬȥ˿̣ﳤѾűϵˡ
ϺܿɧȻľȻδ赹ĲʱʧɫתæУȥ׷ˡ
û뵽ߣﳤæǲѰ׷ϡ
ҺʱַѾ££һŷݺݴ˼˼һ²ŷԸүˣǸϽͷҡ£Źǵġһֹǿѹٴûɽ֣ͬѰҡ
ͬһʱ̣һʿһ򼯺ϣû뵽ڲˮȴ꼰ƲѡĥƬ̣óһֻãᴵܣϢڿգƬ̣ȥ
΢ף밵Ѭֻһ䣬˸飬ѹ֪ԼںδʶؾҪȴ˫ȴʹѵ
ҽɵȥŵһƬ죬ֵ˲䣬ҽ֣۵졣
ҽУͷϵһƬ֦һĹ©һ˳ͷ
ҽУֻһһᣬ̶һˤ߻أ£ϸӾʹѵֻ֧𣬵ǰĺˣ˻ʣģ˭Ҫ
𣬺˶´һᣬżɽʣ֮ǰ˭ΪϹ˶
ʮֶ죬˫۾͵ؽ㣬ɣ㣡ţ֪ˣݺңڵɱ˷㺰صܣȴûɢ
ƾУɻժĺڽЦǸһƺҲȥ
˿غ
ʦܣĥߴˡ졣ķǳڸĿ¶Ӷ
תץסĲӡ
Ͼʱ˰ۡ
֣ˣˡ㺦Ůƽ񹲼һʮˣ˲зϡǧУʵȴֻ˶ʮۣݽ档Ϊ׼һһʲô
ץԼĲ˳ɭһɫغɣңҵһʬΡ
ߣǲײĲᡣ
δ䣬һѺںĳͷͷϡҽһ㣬һһͷԽһžС
ĶħҪ㣡
ھ㵸Ĵ򣬶ԽԽԽҧԽݡ֪˶ã𽥽вˣľǽڽֱٶҧĶǺŵʲôˮȥѾϾӣֻеľʹӹ˿˿𽥱ɶʹԽԽأ⡣͸һĻң亹ëðȻѪ
ѪУͽ͵ţ۾ɵúܴȴ޷۽ָʶץϡʹԽ룬ű˿ɲŤ㵸ҪԼƤ⣬ȴʧصץϣѪ졣
ͷĲ״ɺ
֪˶ãˣƿɢʱȴ֪ٴκ˵ĲҺպͷ֮£ûůȴ׹ߣƱ˿㣬ƤֵðЩڸС
ķٴγˡܸȤع۲ƺսƤ֮̾ιǶϽоȵЧڹЫͺ򼣬ԼӾˡƣսЩ
ӶسһŤɿɫóһö񣬰Ķ䡣
˿˿嵭˾ʹ˿ת˼飬ƺһЩ
ŵ˵Ҳɱ㡣ͼܰá
ޣ롭Ҫȥ㣡
óɰѺƿٴβҺ֪尾˶ãҲסֿ̣ҽŰ󣺡˵˵
ٴηѵŴ촭Ϣһᣬ˻ǣʱǣϽң˵˵ݼ̫ӣܸ桭ֻƷûʸ̫񡭡̫Ӷ֪˭ҵҲû顣ңҾǣǣߡ
 

201 

֮ǰϹְд򣬹ְڼԺϽںȻʱʶļҫǶ£һ̫ӵǻضɻڴһգϽͻȻԼΪϹǣߣ̫Ҫ
ʮֿЦǻؼϹӣҹ漴ݼ΢̫ӣͶ˶
Ƭ̣һ۵Ʒ٣ƾʲô˶ۣ
˵ڲ̫ӵĲ㡣̫Ӽģͣǰ̡
Цһ£ֻ̫ӵĲ㣬ͻ˸Ʒ٣
ǡϹ¸ܣ̫ӾЩšֻ֪ʥ̫ȴʡȻ̫ӱȻѵ⡣֮ӧæҵιһҵҴڼҡҵ˵ӧػگϹ¼ԶıͣȻʾͼݱˡ
ӧػگ˭δõģ
گ͸˻ʺ˰گͳƺǸԶġǵּ⡣ܶҵû˵ٴ֪¡
ֻ֪ôࡣɱҶûôġ㲻ɱңұ֤ܡ˵æ˵˾
Ƭ̣ɴ図ùһֽ˿˵Ϲȸܣ̫Ӳ֪ڲ
ǰʱȻ̫˭벻֪ôģαأ̫ӵǻҲǻ塣
ϹΪʲôֱŮ߻ʺ󣿡
û뵽һҡͷ֪ʱϽҰæ˼ûʸ򶫹ҵܼ̫ӡ
˼⣬ʾ図ץסָѺȻ¿Ƭ̣ÿεùΪҡ֪Ϊʲôܶ㣬ô𣿡
Щæ˵ǰҸ㳳ܣҲԣҵǸ˵˲ɱҵġ
׹ûУ˵ΪҵŮˡ
ٴξסصɴ۾㣬㡭ţƼ˹㾪ܡ㣬㲻𣿲ģܣ
ûʲôܡҴӵŻҪһʱʵģҲɱ㡣ҲǲǵʬǵõһվһաѪծѪ
֣סĶͷסգ̤Ȫ֮ʱ
ء
Ŵ˵ûʧصس鴤ɫɵ֣Ŀȫ˹
һ̺ɿ֡ƸƵڵϣ֪
ãۣüӹһ˿ƣ
ӣû°ɣ
ҡͷȥǻΪ㷵ྩշ𸮡ȥ֮뷽Ӱһ߷
ǡ図ˣһѰɽˡ
ߺķǲָӷɢ˳ȥ󷨡ʰ棬һʣӧûб½ÿ
ЦһǾԡǿн⿪ֻѪ࣬ʧ飬֫ήȴܡ
üķҡͷԵظֻ̾Ƕ࿴üۣôݵ֡ٺ٣ıˡ
๼Ƥˡ㻹˵
̯̯֣ǿ佱㡣С÷֪ضˣҲ˳ŵ
ɷ֮ǰһɱʵĵϸշѰñ޹˷½ҶжڶԸӧͬʱɴüƣӣŹթϽףٵ׸֤ݡ˻ۣؽɪ¥ҳ˾ڵĺڰӪҪٴ۶ҪС÷ϸ棬޹ֻع
С÷˫ȼų޵۾̾һǻʵĮͱˡ˶˵ǵƶûҵյĵһּȷʵȻȻ˾ķġϧӧѱ䣬̫ȷˡ
ķǵͷ̫Ӳ꣬Դеġ߰ɣ׷쵽ˡ
ʧּ䡣һкۼͲöĨȥֻѪȡ
ʱһֻѪ÷ɵתȦ
Ѿ˽ĸʱУɲþɽּأѪü׷ѪϢҲ˺ܶȦӲ׷˴
ˣһѪ
߹Ƭ̣ʡѪ̫࣬ƺѪζ˼ţٴóֻáֻһƬ̣һ֣һֻֻҡ״һб·׷ȥ
ǸٴɽֲãһλͷԵоˮδĹ˶ʱŵøεѡһ֦ϣˮɽ졣
Ǹ󱲣־ʱŵɸĻץס֦һ

һҺ쳹ɽȡ
 

202 

ˤٲ֮ʣַɽּ档ʱѰ޹˶ƣ뵽ֲҷɡţַͣתͷƬ̲ʣǱԼ졣
İ˱˴˿ҡͷ
˼һ£ַͷ˵Ǳߣȥ
ǡڴʱ÷ɢѰһҲԼĲҽٲ÷еķ³ɡ˼ţؼһһ͵һһҽкͷһˣһá
һؾѪأ
ֻҡͷûû
һæóģѪȴӰ
ݺݶţܾòŷԸʬ͵񣬴Žҽķͷ
ͬһʱ̣ﳤٱɽӴܣѶűϪ׷ϡ
ʱַһһʯ̲ϷѪģǳˮ֪
үָһ̽΢Ϣַʱ˿ɽȥҴ򣬸˸ϵ

ʲôˣҰܡ
ȫ£͡
ȸϵıϣַһᡣ״ǣһβʱˣﲻ𡣹˲ÿǱŵģԸһ±·ߡ
ϵıȻвѵصĻǡۼߣۼۣ׷
Сиһ·ַ˦׷ӵӰ١ţһææ˳ݳ֪Ҫߣ󾪣ʾ׷򾩳Ǽ
һպʱڸűң룬뿪ۡ
ڵ갸ţұϽżܺͷؽᡣӾãʱû˼ĥˣ͸вռ䣬ȥºΣ߷һΣɱܲӰ߷ǳ˱ŸΣֻøԼȰסġ
øۡ棬Ůһ¥ʱʳϡ٣ǼһٽֵŸ£Ӹһ۳еķзȤ
ŴԶƬ̣ңԸŮȥţóһš
뿴ǲ֪͸ҵģҾʮ֣һα
΢ǽӹŴ򿪡ֻ֣½Ҷ뿪ݣ顣
˺ü飬ûϳʼǺˣϸϸĦƬ̲˵Ҳ֪Ҷ˿ںδ
ңһ㶣ĸײ֪
Цһ£ž˵֮ǰҶڳܣ׸˸˸ɵġ˳ǣ˵ȥԣһȥء⼸죬θһֱĵǡҲ֪ǵȥԣǡܵ˶ߡ

ɣǲҾãǿܣȥ˶ߡǰҶҲ˵ӾġҾµģһû
û˵ңùǷţٴο˼ʣξҲˣ
ͷ
ʣңţ˼
οȴƳԶ̳𡣳ԾضһĿ¶ȡ
һ۶Уͷգ۶ҲԼؿɫƺļ¡
ǶʧڳŷңҲˣ˵ļҵĹôҡУ
ݼҵġ·ˡ
еĴ̽뾩ǲԶһׯϣַյţź֪ͷѹסľš
Ǻò˦׷Ѱô򣬵ֻǿֹסѪߺ޸ơѣϻص˾ȴǣֻţԼȥ򡣿Ǵ֮ҡͷֻĪ
Ѱ˼Ǻãײַһһڵվ񣺡
ô
үţǡ
д򡣡
ŽΡŶͷˣɫ࣬˵ǷŭǱˡ
⣬ַѴеľϸ˵һ顣
ܡһʱ죬֪Ǻʱү֮һ·ѰңҽоϪȥҵү²²⣬Ǵ׹£ˤڼﱻ嵽ʯ̲ϡ
ݺȭǿѹŭʾΣٴνӡ
Ҷӵô
˴˿һֵ󽫾µѧղ˵ùأҽ﷽оȡ
ͷ˺һŴＷһ仰ַ㣬˻ظѳеĴҽΡͽ
ٴοһ۶ӣͷȥ
 

203 ˭

ŲԶԶԶȥӣɻԽԽԾ˼Ƭ̣Ը壬ȥ׸һ͸߾ĸҶȥݡĸǰθ֪˵ͬС
붨һСһ࣬æͷ
׸ʱĹĸո͵ܾ꣬Ȳѡ˼ţ֪Լ
Сǡ
ʣǾʣˣҿݴ󽫾ҴҳֻǲǷʲô£
Ŷղۡ˵ݼҵĻߣ׷
üǲǷ͸ңţ֪ܲȥ򣬰æ˵ˣȻйҪʱġ̲ʣᷴҧһڡͷ壬˵ҶǴԾȥˣһ𡣡
üܾ˼һ¾ʣ㵣˵ǻҶɵģ
Щ²ò뻴Ҷֵͣǰǳ˶˵ȥֻ鷳
΢ܾͷ
鶨һ߹˵ˣ빬
΢ܾתǽס
ˣǰִҪҧֻǱִ˽Թ
ԣܾ㶣̶΢Ц֪Ըǻظжȥʱºļҽո뿪θ
鷿ءһ޺޵˵ʲôιվһԣޱ顣ܾ߽񣬺ιһۻʵ۾˵ܾݴ󽫾ָ˲к˿Ѿ׼ҽǰȥΡл˵
ܾת˵£սӵģֻ֪;бݼҵĻߡʲôˣ֪
ܾҶˣԲѣ˵ɵģ˭ɵģ
ܾηط󽫾˵Цɡڼʱδ£
ǰҹݳ⡣
ӾǵݣҪһһҹһֱڳﵱֵû뿪ʴ󽫾Һʱп˵꣬תʵ˵£֤֤ͣڡֻǱ참Ю˽ɴ󽫾㱯˹ȣҲúָġ
£ܾڳﵱֵָʹȥ
ָʹ˭
½ҶɡҶִܣгġܾƲԼٴָء
ԣܾͷپǵѾ˵󽫾⻰޸ݡҸûн飬½ҶǰѾȥݣп
һ㶡
£ȷʵ½ҶԹŹɴ֮½ҶǴԣ֮ǰͬеξྩңԶʱ䣬ǰͳˣܰġ
ô֪ݣ
δ˸ҵģΪӲ֪ﵽδй䣬ҴΪѰҡһܾƽػش
£ǳĶȷʵ˲кֹҲ֤ݣߵס
˼һ£ʵ۰֣ΰ䣬Ȼ£׸Ҳɣһ°ɡ
ּιʩǡ
£ܾɣ嶼ûرܡ½Ҷи˲ʵ٣߷˸ѺѶʡ
̩߷ʵ۳˼һ£׼
˳ܾںι棬ҴԶŵʣδˣ󽫾Ҫ˭
бһۣûҪ淢ɺ½ҶʦŰ㳶ϡ½ҶȻµġ
£üܾһҵ˶ٲŹʣɼʱԹˣһֻܣ󽫾ŶŲ𣿡
˭֪ʲôɡ߷ǳֺĲҵ£ܺδƲġζػشһ䣬ι˵ֶҪ£˼Ҹ״
ιˣܾվһﷵء
нȥ򣬵ͷŶȥһ̺ӧ׵ãšҽǸȥ˵Σ
ӦŵȥվƬ̲ŷظۡ
ͳ츮ͷɥعڴǵǰ˵ܣֻò֪ȥ򻹱˷ͷʮʧ
ԭһб˷سȴָһֻѰҲͬˡľ֮£Ҽ׷ϣֻ÷ء
ûֻһЦǶøȤҲ
˵䣬Ų죬ӧ˽
֪б˷㣬Ŀ΢Żת˵ʦã˴״ʵ۹Ȼ̲ʡͱ˵ǳıܣδû׼֪ʲô⣿
 

204 

תתָһֻɫϸС֪ܲʱ˴ǵָ⡣ͨһɫЩ͸УȥȴС
һܣǲŻش𣺡Ȼ̲ʣó롣ڰץôãǡΪ·
ͷһܣáһ˸̲߷Ѳ飬ʦþѰٰɡ
ĿʹȥӧԸڣ˸ݣҵ½Ҷ
ͻȻһҧܾ˴ıӣӧġ˾Ҫľٱٴ̽߷ʵҪʳ½Ҷ١ȻܾһָأѰ½ҶðˡȻϵƽƽǻʵһЩʱղغһ£ȡ衣
ʱ̲Ѿ߷Ѵܵص̲Ҳ£ϵرˡ̲ĲѲʱ߹
ǵĻ̲˾ЦǾͿ۽ɡЩģǧãҪһ˼û£ûȤ
ģֻǿһ¡
ڵͣװűȻһܵͬʱݸ˽˻شá
ʮ壬شñ˾ٱҩ⣬ûпʵ֤һͰĸƷˡ֮󣬻شñŶգǰ˹¿ţɾȻ
ݼҵҩƷɿóϽ˵ҩҩЧϸ˵һ˵õҩرһǧƽһ
һСȴֻһˡʱٴλؽ˽߼ҩƱ͵Цѣתȥˡķڷιӡ
ӣ߼ҩǧ
һķˡã⾭ס˭ҽһҧȥҩģֻҩľ֡͡䣬뿪ྩǡ
ĺʱ֣ȶˡ֪ܻ˿Ըţת鷿ַѯʣ𣿡
ˡθõϢξȷʵݣǸ½Ҷһȥġɡ⼸գڵںδ
İ޺޵ؽе϶йϵ
ַû˵ֻһü
ĺ޶˼ţԽԽӧ鲻޵ҧг˺һŷԸ;ٱ̲˵ǱŲ߷йϵ
ǡ
ʱݸľٱ͵꣬ιⲻѡ˼Ƭ̣Ըǲǰݸ˸̲̲Ǳӡ
űϺ꣡Ҫҡַ㣬˸̲ȥѲ飬ҳ֤ݡٰǱ߷Ѳ飬ҵܵҡ

ʱݸĻ·
ྩǱҸ̽ͷ̽ԣۡһҵķַ޵ش̲Ĳҵȥ
˺ܾãһַ㣬˵죬ǡ
߹ȥ뵹ĸ¥ַע⵽ǽһܵĺۼתͽеˣ
̲Ĳ߻ϸһᣬƽӡ
԰ط˾סôнӡأ
ˣѲһ¡
ѰһӸһĺۼߵտ졣
ţ
˷֣̲Ҳˡоʱڴǵšںģһ˿Ҳޡ
ȥ
·խ˹գǽһؿߣùζŸܵĳŻѻã˲ſؿߵһԵİۼ
ҡ
æһӣǶǽȻǽһյĲСԺûţǽܸߣֻһĲĵݣɢҵĺɫۼھһʬѶϵһʬϷһʴƣһʬѹ£ץһס
СԺʬ֮ʣӰ֪Ӻδص佻Դ½Ҷȣǵһλ
ǣͰѽⶾľһ£Ȼ˵ŵ·ϱߣ˴״ǰָܾͨ½ҶıӡܾƲԼ½Ҷ֤߷⣬ɱץߵ顣ڴ֮ǰҸӸţ˵ȥһ˱Ÿ껨իзӰѩ
һתһ룬æʣǸʲô
˵㿴֪ˡ
֪ʲôգǷ˵ʲôӰ͵ü˸ƣָָߡ
һ۾ʾرܣԼᲽߵӱߡŴԼԼӰץס͵һơ
ѽ
һУص쳹
 

205 ̽

¥еˡһܳȵܹȥһµ裬ôˤˣ
Ǹֵҹ߳ǸС㣬ūϴ˼ӣ׼ȥźã߹ʱһСĲȻˡС㣬ū
ٿˤĵӣǴȥ䳰壬ӻȥϢֵҹɡ
ллС㡣
ǧлˣǷԸ˳һŻطת£ʣþǣ
ﶢҽ㡣ҹΪλҪǱ
ԣپ˼þͰ¸޹Ӱҡͷ㣬ǱģضҪ֪ʲô飬˸Ȥ¿϶йϵɡ
һ㶡
˼Ӱ˼һ¾˵ʲôҿʲô
Ӱȥþ
ͷӰ緢˵ġһСĵġ
ĿʧǷò߻£껨իǰһθɵ龰
һգɴȥ껨իͻ
Щͻ˵ʲôвաЩЩرΪѵ£ͲڻȴյԼܺ档һ²£ΣЦ˵꣬ʣ᲻µó
ߣٵ⡣㾡ܳ⣬ҿ϶µóҴءװ˵֡
һ濴һ涷죬ЦʱǶôĵ˭֪Ϸȴ档
ʱҸãĬĬ÷Ӱߵ£ٹᴩʮ·ӣ̾һвաڣ淢㣬ȴӰӿšһںδأ
佻Ӱҡҡ衣ӰľͶ㣬ӯö
һգ˹Цʣүϲ𣿡
ãáƣϹһ§ס˵һؿޣŶŮûȵģ
ִһĶͷķ˵ȴ΢΢סתһԺĴҹУҶҡ¹Ͷ´ƬӰ
סеĽЦϹ½ȥˡ
ϣӰĲ̬ԴĦ
ҹʱϹ˯ˡӣҶڵ
в֮Ͽ̽Ϳļϡٸûء
ǡҶӹֻɫĴƿ
¹վƬ̣תܣ˼ſ̽ߵ·Ŀ¶
鸮Ů˶Сϵһׯ԰ƻϨ𡣲ԶľӰ£վţͷſֻܡ
ʱһ̣˸ơڰðˢˢĺˣׯ԰Ǳȥ
ſڰкӰһͬʱֻڿһԾءۡ
㵣ȴǸΪʾֻĺȣϮ
ׯ԰ڵƻٿȻϨ
룬ׯ԰ȥһŲҽУڰж̱ӡ
΢¶Ѿ˾׸ʱܾ˸ϵСĿֻһǽ壬ʬ塣Ըϸ飬ܾׯ԰⻷ˣԵһۡãһǵۣ񼡣
ԼƵĲۣȴһʱ벻ںδ
׸֮ʣСһլһ˶ᣬӦ޳図޲ˡķҩ
ׯ԰ķǵܲҵصһУ߷˶ۼ˭ϲ̲εжԵעҹȴϮפءʾǡСɽһδһսϼˣͲòʱˡ
òæ꣬ķ³˼Ĳ⡣鿿˼˵ӧǲأ¶ʮֺѲŮ˱СɽĻĶǺ֡ҺֵˣȻǲִӦԣֻء
ԣķʣ˵ôᷢǵפأ
кܶѰٵķӣ˭֪ôϵģΪβҹﶼ֦ԡ¹⣬û׼ʲô
ķһ㶣תͷе糣
Ӱһ
ûпôģ
գգۣצӻ裬ֽ˼
צڿлζƬ̣ķǵһ鿣Ǹһֻģɫ
ɫܣƬ̣ڵֱ壬ȵؽеѵ󸣿֣ӧʲô·ߵѩ֥Ѫãշ󸡣
 

206 

룬ķü˵ţĲ֪
ˣʦС߶һ䣬͵İ֪ˡϲѪá˵쳣ںԶĵطŵӵζ
ãһۣͬ
һԴķǷɿͳһƴĺƿӡƿȺץʮֻӸԶ׷۵ıۣȵȡ
һᣬķǰľԾԸ˴Сųɢϸһ˼ץһֽһӶͽһ䡣
ʧ֦ϣóһϸСԲԺתһȦ
æʱ׷ĴһѾԺӡڼǸׯ԰ܾȴץסһֻ֪Ӻδֽšһתһ´ʮ۸
׷Ǳˡϸž
Ŷ롣
ԺˡŵĴȴϸ΢ƺ׷ĬطɢǴֱݡ
ٴζٲϸһ̣ͻȻ衣
ˣ
ˡ
ǵһ죬ԺһţëꡣһҺԶܾ͵ض㣬ٸ
СУڶι鷿ķ֡벻£ʵ۾ʣԺʬ߷йϵ𣿡
£߷ҵ꣬ЩʬꡣʱԲϡʵԡ
˼һ£ͺúòһ顣
ּ
ӧ֪ʱվ鷿űߣⷬ˳ͻȻ˵£˵ʵ𾪣и顣
һŶ˵
ΪڲʵЩʬ֮ǰ߷ϴģɸùѺôݹӵ´ȴѣֻҪѣһʵ˭޺֪ˡҳãܾûʱͶк󽫾ָػЩԣȻ龩׸Э飬ǹϽΰЩ̲ʡ
ΰ䣬أ
֪Ϊʲôֶѣιɻ󣬵˵ҲΪܾûжı
ʵףּ׸Э顣
ι˺󣬻ʵ뿪鷿ӧԾظں档Żһᣬʵ۲ʣӧô߷ˣ
£ֻǾݴ󽫾ľٱֵӡץЩѱû׼ܲʲô
ǵǡ
һۣӧ˵Щӳ͢⻹Ϊ˻ִûѡñ𣿡
ʣʵ£üҡҡͷ
£ǲǾةǵ̫ˣ
һ㶣ͣ½ŲӧΣʧЦ㵹ǻ¡԰ةࡢٸԪԡľЩ˶ǣô˵أ̫ӵʱ򣬲ƫУ˭һȺɽۻϺꡣĸ˵޵ǻˣǾǿõĳӣû͢ﶼЩˣδǺ¡ңǶǣȻʵľɳһᣬתĻľ˵
һ˿ֵĹ⣬ӧ˼ž˵£һѡ
Ŷ˵˵
˵̩ټһˣڻְ
Ƭ̣ʵ۾ȵһü¡ʣ
˵¡ʮֱֹȴةǲ޽顣ɵǣ̩ټġ
ߵܣ
ǡֻΪ˿áҪǣºη̩Эܻ
Ȼʵ۲ɵõ㣬ʲô˼
̩ھǼˣÿĴй䣬ȴȲύȨҲͺץסѱνȡ֮֮£ʱҪġƹŹǮǸȱҪǣ̩Эܻͱ˾򽻵¿ˡ

ʵ۳˼ӧ˵
ӧ˵ʵʱǽ껨ի껨իǾ黭ȣרīͻԼҲչ
ŮͣƹĺɫһŮǰд
ǺܿŮ¥ϣ¥ߴʮһ˵ĵӰѩͼһƬƵ·һ޼ʵѩԭѩԭϵ׺ɽʯ䣬֦Ƽ仨ʢȴɽʯϷƾһյƣϵ뵳һȦһȦĹӰգɽʯȴƫеӰ˸оҹĻؽ԰ֻ֣ǡû¡
פ㣬ǿ˰ȴͷֻʣ˻оʮأк
Ǽ۵ġҲȡҲûȥһֱ⡣
ԣǾȵʣ˶ˣ
ʱաࡣ
һģ
ŮǸЦЦ£Լǲ˵˵֡
ûоٴתͷȥǸ˺ܾãͻȻע⵽ǡֵ½һܵˮӡƺһͼΡǻȥģ
 

207 

ʱˡҲ֪
ܾǸˮӡмϤ̲סͿ𽥵أˮӡԼ״Σ뵽ʲôһ
סϸ˼Σתĵʣ۵ǲ
Ů㵣˼һ´Ҵ¥ʱƹˣԥһ²˵۵ȷʵһֱûǹ֪ģܷ֪һ£
ǿЦЦǵͷ
뿪껨իĻظԸ붨Ѱ˸СᣬŽȺ˼š
ţˡ
С㣬﷢˴󰸡˵̲ڳǱһԺʬǣݴ󽫾ٱ߷ڳǱʲôĹʵ۷Ը̲鰸׸Э顣ɽһ˾ͳǰ참ˣû˵Ҳֳʲô£ɱġ
ϸһ£ãֻǸ֯Ȼ
ڣճúáҪͱأһҴ̫᲻ᡭŭ
ȵȣ
̫ŭ˭ᵹù
һ⡣
һսĺܾŴӳСץס߸˵ķͽЩ˶ʿƲԾˡƵذСⷭ˸׳죬ŴŲ̧ŷͽʬ˳
ž͵֪̲ķֺͻʵ۵ּ⡣
ҹĻ٣ܾɵĲֱǱǸš˵ط³Ծ˴߷ĺӰǱ֮ءܵڣܾоŴֲڵڣûٷκΰţ˷ʬСԺãһƬŲǲѪ
һ㶣æͷ鿴Щܾãش𣺡ӢһƬضѪ͸ˡֵôˣ˵ѪζصġԺǽܸȴգΪŵܵĳζأ
ԣܾ£ü˼
ҹˣḮܾһĸҺֵİӡѰ˼ܾãٴ뿪ۡ
̲Σеڵϣƺ˿ûŵηĸζŲ죬̧ͷһһվţ˴˵˰Σɲų˳ǣΪ̲ùǰû뵽ˡ
һüܾҲ࣬£ʣŪʲô飿Լ㵽̲ܺ棿
Щ⣬ɶ˶پ˵Ҫҡûб˵ֻˡ
㲻ǳֺô㿪ѣֱܾӵʡ
Цһ˴ˡҽ⣬Ҹɽóֺ׬ǮͺˡֳأġµʱС¿԰æȻҪܱġݴ󽫾ٱңֺҳͷ󽫾𣿡
㵹ѵãλİá
ұİãˣİˡ
ܾһ㶡
˵˸ơӰֻܾܰüھУȻǡǽжͷһٴƬ̣һơ˭
ٻͼֻ˵ˣ߷ĳиСţͷҿʵûУǱȥ͵ˣֺɵòˡ
һᣬܾˡ
η෴ĹսǴһ͵ֻƬĿ¶ɨˡ
޶ңܾܿ߷ɣӴ˯ǽѣܾóιƣԽ߷
Ժת˺üȦСԡ˨գûʲôҳ˵˽վԺĥĻٻ˵ΣܾϨ˳ȥ
뿪߷ãսһȻƵ߷ǽߣСŵķλСŸǽãһЩëڵשᰴһһͨĻϢ룬ȥ̤֮һС﷿ųûܾվںڰŴ⣬ȡ
ʱһ̣ӰǱ߷ĴѰһͣڳСԡо޹һӰй˵Ҫʲôʲôܵ˺üΣһ񡣡
Ϊ𣿡
ۣǲˣߣȥɡ
СĵһкۼĨȥʧϡ֮أܾһڶС
ӣ
߶һ䣬屻ҧ׮£ȥĲᣬѩ
ڳУ̲мĻ֮˱ضλȨأͨأҪεģΪ˵߷ʵˣ˭ٱ˭ɾ
öƣ˵ߣǣǿ
 

208 벻

վںڰܾ˺ιߵ£ͳһĮߣվȻίֶѡ¶ƴӡһ˵׼Э˰ڴ󽫾ָѾϴˡ

ţܾ͵ش˸ǹĺɶԺѰȤԼǣʮһڵӧӰ½ҶǰָأϽ硭˿ᴩᣬܾһ̰ҵ˳˴롣
½Ҷ˰㣬ɾ֪ġıĻӣӧӧ˿ϸݣҲù⣬ߥӡ
ܾںڰۡǱʱӧٴ˳פءһߺ޵šû뵽Ū˻ͷӧȵüʣʦãһ񣿡
׷ˡǡǷǱһʱʧ߸ˡ
׷ٱϮľ˵꣬Ƿ߷ߵҡͷоˣҲи֣֪Ūʲô顣ģץһʬΡ
û뵽ôѲӧͬһǱʬĥһ˵һʱ޻ɳˣˡɻ̲ΣҿǱʬʲô˵
˺գĿⶼʬĽչϡ
ʬĽ߶ŮУһ٣ʬʱԼǰҲԪʮңһʳǱ˼ջ񣬱龩ʧ˿ͬ߷Ѻľһҧ֪Ǳʬǵ־ʱԲ꣬ǰǵļ¼
뽩ʱ˵ˡ
Ѷιǰȥ̽ѯʣֶԾػرܡ
ʱŵһζƺ˯ˡˮ죬ҿԼڿ֦ϣٲֺܻһ¾͵ȥͲ֪ˡ
̲ùٷ˺ü飬˿벻ʱĿ̺ͱƹǵɳԼǰΨһӡǿ֦ٲţĿǸģһЩ̺ۣ˵ʲôӡ
סȭǿѹߺޣĬĬ˼š
̲˸Ǻٴǲȥҽҽκܾãٴη˼ľΪѵ˵󽫾״ͷˣϵ˿ڣҾǱɽľˡȻ˵ɺأ˶˼룬񣬷
ͷûˣ
ҡͷ
ĬƬ̣áˡ
ܾ֪ܿѯʵĽһѺĲԣ֪ȴûӧ֪ͬˣ֮ǲš
գչȥʬûнչһҽٴȥݸ
˵أҲ˯ȣʹƺﷺģʱʱ̿ĥǺߺŽۣҹ¡۵ķ̵Ѿ檡
ЩˣүҵùһֻѰ·ҸǣүҪи̣ȫᡣ
檲֪Ǳ˻ΣһƬ࣬ͷɢңֲҿޡ
Ÿʲô
һᣬһѾ߱˳ȥڰߵǰһѿЦүʲôԸ

ѣٴ߽
Ǹ
һߵһֻ񴷡˴ȵģץͷѾͷҡ
ҽŵˣϺһƬ˼¡
Ѿ߿޽У˴ҽ״һưǸѾߴˤϣײӣͷҲˡ
ˡ㷳ˣүˣϳȥشʮղ׼Է
Ѿ߰űȥְο˶Ӽ䣬Ȼѷ̵Ѿÿʮٸϳȥͷ¶ˮ跣վҽ⿴һĻҽ°̾
ҽ̫ҽԺʱһŲ
ҽɫôôѿȥݹӿ𣿴󽫾ˣ
ҡͷ㲻֪ݹ˵أ̹ҿѾ߱òңء
˵ôػ𣿡
˿ۣ˯ţϵеġ
Ŀ̫ҽԺĥһ£һȥˡ
ɵܣٴηƢ
Ȼȥִģȴڳ˵ļưƽĵѾȫһ٣ǰүǰЦܵýϧ񣬲ͷңڿ޺졣ŮǴһ٣ˣǾߣۣԾغߺۡ
ﰲˡ֪˶ãٴηʱϮһֻۣһӰű˽
 

209 

ʮޣͶ˵̬ȴʮ
˭
ӯ߹εεػش𣺡үѾߡǶ̣ҾѰ˸϶ү˲衣ӲˬЩ㣬û׼Щ
һڵģɵøЩá
Ƭ̣ڵ㸡
ŵֻͷЩΡüƺо⣬Ůӷһˮߣүȿˮɡ
ڶ͸Źģ԰ˮ¡
ˮůů䡣Щ±ۣʹƺˣֻЩƣ𽥵أЩ㱣Ȼһүү㿴ϡ˭ϵģ
ϣ԰˭ҹϣ˭˭૵ţ۾ȴ޷ɢ޷۽
ƻ
㿴˭˭㣬ʲô
ʣʲô԰ңʲôʡԺʲô
𽥱òҰףѪ͸Եֲֿʼҵز״εصظţʹۣۡ
ˣϢ΢Ѫ
شˣŮӲ߹ȥϢĿ¶ȡһ룬㣬ҵ̱յĨȥڵĺۼʧ᣺
ھǰ
ռ䣬̵Ѿ檸꣬ˣ˭ùͷϸ˯ˡ
һҹ䣬ûˡ̵ֵ͵ѵõ˯˸þس¶ʱӣ򷢹ǰ̽ӣǾķ̡
Ժӣֻգﾲĵġ
ֲؿ˿ܣǹֻŵƿšܵѪζƮ
һ̺ɱĲҺ˯ѾǴ˸
ˣ
Ժ͵֪ˣǱֵشӴϹ˷ͱûξͿʼ⺿ޣѽ๫ȥ򣬿㡣
ʱҽˣҲϵˡڵĲ״˶ס
ۣƺҪ˵ȴסˡѪӿʪ˴̳ɰ졣֫ΰ㶶ţָʶؿϣҪץסʲô
ǲ״ˡ
˲ҽһȥ
ˣ
æһʱҽţŰϣǿ˳ֱ֫Ѫ˼ò˵󽫾ˡֱԣɡͻȻ񻯣ؽʧ飬зգͬ־žˡҽޣʵǰĪ
ʧصغһЩײӣĬòʣ֪֪ķӣ
̾һ£ǿ£׼̫ҽԺԺǰһ԰ɡ
ΪͻȻ񻯣
Ҳú֣ѾȶֻҪˣõġ󽫾ʲô°ɡ
һȭ
һʱûʵ۶ּ̫ҽԺԺǰΡȻַѷ̶ӵѾȫץʣ˽Բ֪ۼľ֮æչ˲ܵȫƸǡ
Ժԩһ㾲
ã̫ҽԺԺ˵󽫾ɵƱö񻯣˸˲ʵĶƺһ㡣źܵѪζӡ
㣿
ȷʵΪ˱­𣬸ۼ֫شҵõĵرϣٰͨζ޸ˣ򡭡ҩʯЧ
ǻ
ʵţܸоҲõһЩڲԣĿӣܾ֫٣Ʋ״̬̾һ̫ҽԺԺָǡ
ĿȥԺС檣ֻ˵ĶŮһӳꡣ֮־Ҳ檣ɶֻһ˿̾ŶӲΣֶڶ֪ǺޣǱ
֪վ˶ãסַʣʳ𣿡
ڿһ˵ҹүƢ˶˳û̡
ûˣ
ǵġû˳Ͻүķ䡣󱻸ϳ˵ʱʱĿ̡
£Ŀ¶ūţʲôãү˺Ѿһȫ
һݣַæͷ
ʱڣݸﰧأѪɡƵĸ׵Ժﰲ٣Ѿ檣ɨӶʮȫһҹͽϱŵùǺæװ˵չɷ
ⷬѪȻ˾ڸҺţͬ鸮
 

210 

Ϸ˿ΪҡϾԼĶˣˣ淢¾ͻȥġ
Ҳ֪ˣһЦúãɻˣʲôúü尾һ£ҫСͽжж񱨣๼
뵽׷ˣǳһͷĶٴĥǸãٳȥ
ʱӧص˸Уƺݸһһ֪߽һŮڵȡҹٰŮҹݸ֮˲ǡΪʩ˶Ыͷ¡
ţӧüʣ״ε˵һᣬȴʼû˵žͿʼѪ
ǵġ²֪ʲô£ֻϨԻ뿪ܡ
Ŀ΢ӧӣءƵ֮䷨ͱˡǺ֮ءѰ˼һᣬ˵ûˣϧնȥϢɡ
ŮӸˣӧԸڼųڵ춯ǵ٣ʱʱǳš
ڽйƬ̣˽·һϣȥΣŽһҶӡĺʱ֣ٴ껨ի黭̻һ껨իͣ£һʮķ˽껨ի϶¥
¥ˣվǸӰѩͼǰ
ʶǷ˶˶߹ʣʣǷţ
תǵһЦȷʵҴԼֻ¸ǽжδʱе̸᷻
û˵ǸطǷ˼һ¾ʣ֪Һ£
ֻ˵˿ɻǵǰҹһȥ
΢Ƿ˲ɵõһƬ̣ҧҧĬĬͷĿȥǳ˼˺һŷԸ帶ǮǸ
չ磬ٴγšȥº˰ʱŻһСͳȻӺСųһ᷻Զͣ£˳սһٴС뿪Ƶ᷻Ĳš
ǰӰڵ˾ͷ
㣬ǸŮһʱˡ
û뵽ô磬գ۲ŵ¥ϡǷվڴǰŴС
Ų죬عͷ
ΪᵽҸ˵˰ɣ
Ԫʮ꣬ʺҽΪμҶСβšҽԶС˲֮ģС߷֮ԾŭɱҽǴҼˤ¸еĺɳأײͷղΡʱּ̫顣ζСǹѣ̲´ȴһȥ顣ǰȥ̲֪ͬ١һҹ
Ƿɫ΢ס
ǲӰ㱻Ϊҽ¶£ηǱӡʺŭؼһӾѣŮȫûҴͥΪūֻзΪҵıӻ⡣˻ǵҴͥܿ𣿡
ã˲ĵʣҲŵǱӣ¹꣬Ϊأ
˿֪ĳǱʬͣһᣬ˵Ҳ²⣬ͱǸԺ
һʧ̬غ˼һӿǽϣĿβʣ㣬˵ǣǱʬԺһֱ
յͷ
˭ǣ
ù黭ζСǰ֮ˣཻơһѺҽ˽ڻݺСˡǵ˵֤ʣźļӺ

Ӱѩͼݳһᡣ
ӹǸչã˳Ĭβ˵̫֪᲻Ὣʹ
ֻ̫һ׵ܵܣҲֻһֶŮĺιõܡ꣬ϣֶŮܼ޽ϼס֪飬ضϢ깬̾һ̫ھΪǸŮһĹ벻ǽס
ǰʬҪ˵֮ᡣһ跨׸أֻº֦ڡ
ϿҵûʣҧסĬĬס
ĿȥĬ̾һ۹У׮ɰȻš˿̻룬˵ľĬã¥ȥٴƻغȻںĸСһ̻ʱŻظ
ڸ٣һĺʱ֣˽˾׸ǱƵ׷ãһҳһ֣ꡣ
˱ݣܾ̲סʣʶ
 

211 ͻ

һᣬʵˣùƻֲġǶǰ͸ף˼֣ĸ䡣
ӹְΣܾ¾ȣ˼˵õĶ
ԡ
ʷգ

ǿʴƣܾԸٴϰڿʴģּǴ֣֡

ܾؾְ»ʵǻ֪֮׮ӣ׸ļȴ֪Ƭ̣Ȼһܾ
£ذ׮Ӹܾĩ˵ˣҵΪСİӾټһ̫ʹʧ׵ֶܺŮǸҽȫҶʬʬҰðᡣұǣݴҴͥΪūŮɵĶ۵Ļֻ²ʣ¼ˡˮɡ
ˮԩ
٣˭֪ǸҵĹﲻηǱӶǱڣǸӿ϶顣
£üãܾÿɷֻԸ˵Ҫܡǰߵģ߷һµٲһҵʹõĽơ
ˣ
ȥ죬Ҷš
һܾȥ塣û뵽ȻǰľɰԶⲻѡ˼ãֶȥةκʱκڳǸض֪ġ
ܾ뿪ฮʱأĥʦĻ
̫СбڲΪʺ󣬺һٹ󣬿׵ܵɢ˸ְι˱һӶŮŮزۣʱʧ׹¶ΣһŮСʱ̫۰̫ϣ޸ֶ֣ŮΪʺ󡣿˭벻ʮֱʡ֮ǰ̫ѾԸ񸮲ٰ죬ӭ붫֪ʣ̫󱯷ֶŮţ̲棬Ҳἰ
κߵ׮ɰܾɵͣ½Ų
θԹŽضɭϡǸҽּβڱѾ߷̸ӣĵĹֵǣȻǶΪλ뵽ʬ
ԽԽ֣ܾվŷ
䣬һ˾СŮﵽűߣ˳䡣
һͷһʣСã£
иÿĽҰ㣬ŶҪһǮлգգۣһģ
ЦܾóһǮСŮóһֻһֽǮһֽ
ˣֻܾȺЦϸ˺һںĳ·С֣вء
ɻػܣû׺⣬˺÷ءھ׸æŻصḮû¾͵֪˸Լһᣬ֪͡ȵش򿪣ǸӰѩͼ
һʱܾҲû͸СŮĻ̲ס˳ǡŮӣʶŮйĺֻǡܾ˺һ͵ظѰȥ
ʱңˣǲ֮ȥϹһ
֪ʱϹ˽飬ֲ⣬һȥˡ
ĲϬãϹѾˡûӣֱԼҪܾ¹عΪ˶Ŀͬ΢в죬Ϲ룬ݸϽϸģյ²вɵ֪
ˡ
һߣܾ֪ϬãѰ˸뿪š
Ǽ伫ŸȴϹŶ㵣Ϲ΢΢һЦ˺áϽ档˵Ҫ֪ˣֻ±˶Ŀӡ˽ȥɣš
û뵽ô˵ܾЩ⣬˶ٲ˵л
ֻ˸롱ơ
ĿܾʧϹգһ۾ǰסġ
ǸɴŴ⡣Ų죬ת΢ЦʣյĻ˿
ӯӯܾɵûϲ߹ЦˡҾֻÿЩ
ֻǴ˺СģҲϲѽ
ȷʵͦÿġЦһ䣬ʣλͻȻʬΪ㣿
ͷǣҲǡ˿֪Ԫʮι˸׮ɰ
֪
̫Ů٣֪̫Ϊ˵ֶܵŮĺǸʱڣǳ빬͢ÿճʱʱ̫ǰ̡˿λӺݻŮˣмأĬһ²˵̫ѡδлΪǻʺ̫ȴϣԼֶŮΪ̫
ܾüġ
 

212 

ͣƬ̣ǲż˵ҸζСѾ߶ָ֤ǸҽӣΨ˵̲ǰȥ´ʡһڻƻʱֳȴһֱûеִΪηǱӡ
ѵڹŵʼĩܾһ̾ȷ䣬ϱǣֻ֪ϵŮ칲ƶʮ˱ûҴͥԲůܾĥͱ˴룬֪ء
ţܾ˼һ²ʣǸԩ
ҿǸŲµġ
ûֻܾʣڻС֪ν⣿
λǣȡţǹӡƻζСǹѣǷӰѩͼҲ²Ϊǻġ֦ɽʯѩϻıǰȴҹĻľ󣬰ָȻȽᣬȴѵüաζСĹѩҽڣھӰӰѩǵ֣һ֮
ϸϸǸܾãʣԣҽẦζС㡣ͻȻԾضɣ
ﱻ˵˴ĻǵݺζС㡣ֹУΪκ
ܾȻöǵ⣬ߵ³ĬβʣСǣ֮ǰ֪ԩ˭ģ
ת˿ش𣺡빫ӡ
ܾһ㶡
Ƭ̣̹ʵ˵ˣҲ֪빫ӴӺδõǸֻȥҲ˶ѡ
΢ܾʣҶǲ֮ǰ˶ŪĹ
ͻȻ˼Żûѣǵġˣȷһ빫Ҳڣ֪˵ǵž˻ҶҶȥҲֱ֪Ҹߴһա
£üܾɵľֹŹˣû׷ʣһ˵ǱʬȻּò飬ʦζСܺΪλ˭ɣ½ҳ̫᲻Ϣ
˵ֶܽٳ֤ˣɱڻġ˻ʺļʵҲʱǿġ˶٣ǻʺ󡣿δû߼޻Ҫһʯ񣬾ȡ
̫֪ˡˣѾǻʵˡȥҪ׵̡֧֣˿̡ҡͷ
һޱܾ΢üͻȻǲͽľɫƿӱƽ⣬ʱмغ졣˼ˣƽ˼͡
ĥƬ̣ЦСǣҷܴ˵ó衣йϵ»Ϣ𣿡
ĸйϵ̫ضŭȴľһ籡ʺ󡭡ҲһǵҶǹ̫ͱ´˿ɵľǳֹ԰β󲻵һҴǰض𡣡
ĦĻ֮⣬ܾͷ΢ݡţͷ˵ˡСǣ㲻Ҫ̫࣬Ϊߵע⡣
֪ԼЦл˹ġĲȷʵܺãһ԰ɡϡ
ߣܾɴƷ
Ʒյ裬ǾͳȥϹš
ͷϹˡˣӣҪúлл
ЦӯӯתŲ⣬ȴƺԼ޹أƺذԼƸϹţܾ˵ʲôζЩЩơϹžһ»ǶǼ䣬ȥ
ˣϹĿ¶ɥóܾԼֻò۲ɫȴܸˡ
ϹٹǺ۹ġͦģĹϵҲ¡
ĥţң壬Զݵıܣ̲ס̾һ¡̲ɡ
ܰ㣬ʡܶġȥġڣ㿴˭˵Ҳܰģ
ϰľСӣã
Ӧ޳ۣ̲ס̡
뿪ϬիȥԺܵܡϽ˳߽㣬һǰʵµı飬ң壬𿥡
ԹԵЦ˺üϽҡͷԵ˵ȶȢǴкô
ţ
Цúһֻ꣬ױ㣬ʵ粻ǲϲǸֻҪӡҸ㡭Ϊ˻۵½Ҷ˽µֹ˵ˡ
û뵽£ǼֺЦҪӣٿܵ㣬̲סһͷϡ
ۣʹ㣬ܲܲҪôֱ
ʲôߣ½ҵӵȹ˾˾˵ԼúöϽôֻǵҵ鸮ǵ㶫Ǿ˾˲ġʲôʱԼһɾͣԵһ뽫֮Ѫ
 

213 ̩볯

Žһ̬ļɫϽȻ򴽲˵˵ҲʵԶܺã٣ܱǸ󽫾־ǿɣ
룬ǵͷ
գۣϽ̲⣬ȥ¥㡣
һŽԶȥϽ̲ŻͷҽĻֵֹģ
үҾôСǲϣ㿴˼ҵɫȻ⼸¶һһǶﵱҡ
ĥƬ̣Ͻҡͷûô򵥡Ҿҽǻ˵áǻл˵
һ㶡
ĸ׹⾰̲ס̾һǰĸ˵˵˹ȴٳٲ¼ãҪǾ˾˰æѲȱġɴ꣬ٻƣһ麮ӵܼ㿼˹Σֻһ¼õʸ񣬲һٵġ
ү㲻һ
ûشϽ̳Ĭò˵Ҳʲô˼Թɫͷ·ʤҾ߷ͦã챦Ȥˡ
ţԺأȴиɻýĻлΪԹ׵ĺӣǱԭ
ϼҽڽ¥ʱʵ̩ܲ԰šϯһϷʹһμֹܸܲȤʣ£ĹƷû
ǰпڸǴҫݽġ˵ֹӲԺԶĵطǸҾǡǺǣˮ·нǧء
Ŷڸкϡ棬гԵЩúԶ
һ²ʵӧıž˵ߵܣټǸ¡ڻְȽʵɣʧΪһʵѡ
է⻰ܲһ˿װûעҨһ׹£㿴ڵƹ¾ȻЩ͸
û뵽רоʵЩЦá
̵氵ҡͷ˵£¸˵¡
ôˣܲ񡣱¸߳ܣҲ㲻
ٴʵתתЦؾˣĴйҲɵ¡ڵʱǰôĲӣ޾Ҫɸĵ˹šˣϳЭܻɡ
ܲ죬¶һ־ı˵£˰ɣ볼ʲôɣ
ôɣͻһǮ֪ķһɶ˰𣿡
ҡͷ
ѧѧΪӣʲôֺֻ֪Сѵ˵ܼܵ䣬ʵǿ˵¡飬ЭܻҪǹЩشģټ𣿡
£ʵѹ֪¡ʲôöȥˣֻһΡܲεЦǺӦģѡһɡ
ԻûȤʵȴˡڳ̬һȻѻҪһպϳ
ص鷿£ܲǸɢ̬Ŀ˼ŷʵ̲ôõ𣿡
Ϊ˳Ǳʬ̲ȫ켩ЩæѰʬ빫ֻΣûʲô¡δһģС
Σܲ̾һǸ˲šı󶯣㾫׼ȥϳ׼¡ɻôɱңֱɱ˲͵ˣȥΪΣ
û뵽ô˵ŷ̲ס˸ۣ˵£⻰ԡй˼ɲźãҪס˵ˡ
ֻǾú֡벻ܲϵضɻ󣬷ԸŷЩ뻧˾ְйϵ
պģԭι¡λ飬һҹƷСһԾΪƷԱǻʵһɣӶһء
ڳ׻ʵ۵⣬̩ܲЭܻϢһ㴫鳯Ұܲʮ̩ʮһͻǰݣȻΨһһδĻӡŻʵ̩Эܻ֮࣬뵽ټ¡޲⡣
β²⣬գܲʩʩȻϳˡóǾȵǣ̩ټõε¡ȴ࿴λүһۣȲҲ䵭ֻһ¹ģ
ɢܲûȥȴ˻ʵۡ
ߵܣ£
£ʣ곯ǲǿԻظˣ
û뵽ʵ۵ɵó˳飬̲סѵ⣺ߵܣ㣬治ǼٲЭܻʱȥһ¹񣬹һûнشĹҪ
ŶӦһܲʣǡ¡ܾˣҪȥƺԥһ£С˵ʵɡиˡЭܣƺЩһ١
 

214 ̨

ܲĻ˵һʵ۸һЩƣֻ˵˭˵һٵģȥȥЭܻشҪʣ飬ҲҪҪġˣص˰Ҫ㣬Ҫ̵㣬Ҫ²٣õȥúѧѧ
ǡܸˡܲͷȥˣʵۿıӰԼľЩࡣ
ӧŻʵ۵ɫ˵£ǵûʼҵĽгѧϰġȻ겻泯һ֪ǹѧˣǹװ֪ʱ½ۣЩ
һʵ۲ת˿˵Ϸ
֪Щһʱ䲻αȴǲزסġҵ¡Ϥ˻һʾ֪ˡ
ѣʵ۳˼ãס
Ϊ̩ھǣºβú󹬵̩ύһÿ¶ý̫밲ġ
䣬⻰˵öԡʵ͵ظ佱ӧһ䡣
ɱ¿佱ֻҾ֮¡£޵ܶصİȽء糼ǲܹܰһ᣿
ûʵ׿ϡ
ͻʵۻ˺󹬣ӧţĸһʮ̧ƽ峵˹ÿƽ峵Ϸһ˸ߵİǺܿ·ڼߣԽԽɭͷĽ΢ͣһ½Ų˸ʣڼ࣬ȥģôôɭ
ɭû߹ߣһļۺӣµġ˴̨ͨݶڷ̨档
͸¹𣿡
ҡͷڼûж˵ֻش𣺡ô࣬ط˵Ϊá߰ɣûԶ͵ˡ
תһ˼ǽʡ
һ̣ǰȻʡǡֵգ㣬̤˴˶Īؾǿ˼֣֪ǲǴ
ͥǰʮһĻɫС¥͹ӣ͸ŹɺصĴֲڸУȥʹ¥롣¥ǰ߹һҶ̨
ֱߣ͸ַԾĺ֮УپıҪڿնȥС¥գ¥ǰҲǶĸɫԲʯͷףԵмҡɫݺ·ذڷԲʯϣЩЩҶ޲ⰻȻ
⣬⡣ָŽǰѰźãڼߡ
뿪̨Զʣʲһ¥ɣȻ̨Ǽдã̫𣿡
ǡǸȷʵ̨û򿪣㿴°ˣǻȥɡ±Ĵ˵֪˲˵ġڼඣһ䣬Թȥˡ
ԽԽùŹ֣һȥˡӧȵʣ̨ط
²֪·ʮƧһ˶ûСǴ˺üعڻ谵ߣһģһĻȣ;ݳһ˸ߣûҶ޷ϣ֪ʲôط̨Ǹ¥˵ĺۡڼ˵Ǹ̨򿪲ſõ
ĥƬ̣ӧٴʹЩݵİڷţܾòǲҡʻ˺һᣬձһһóһֵ󷨡ãӧ˿ûڣɻ֡
ӧо̨ǰĹŹʱܾٴν̲
ɣͻȻ˵ȥ߷ˣǸСŹصúܽġ
΢üʹˡ֮ǰ߷ʧǧ׷ߣߵлɡ
û뵽شܾ򴽡ѯҵ׮ӣ뵽ǽж̻⣬û˵ǵ󻬡ߡȱ׷Ǳʻƽû׼ֻ˵ߣָ𱾹̰ơ
ʼ磬Ц𣺡ӢǸˣνûǮ׬ʲô⣿ǰ˵һЦ˵иЩѵģֻҪһſͻԼܡٿ˼죬Ϊѱˣһˡ
£ǲĿ¶ɡ
Цֻ˵ұ󲻻ܻի˾Էĵ
ұܾһĥһʣ˵һ㲻ھǣȥˣ֤𣿡
ڳĹիͣȥı񡣵ƹͬУҲһĻơ
һᣬá
ܾˡ߻ǽ£ۣ΢΢һЦ֪ܾԼգµ¾ͲҪˡ
ܾȴûôС뿪̲Σ˼Ż˸ԼסԺ̴Ӷǲȥϸֻĺġ
 

215 Ҵ

ҿֻһᣬܾͷ·
Ĳͷ˼Լë
ģĥ
Ϊûұ󼷶ңԻұӡֻ̡߷Թ⣬أΪ˲鰸һֻġɸЦʱ뵽
һɵǰԲЩúܾãܾٴŶȥĺʱ֣ڶλظȻĸĸֱիڹիԹƣʱˡڣŻڹիסһҹ
ҹ˳ţֻԶĺӼͷһֵֻƻ
үְȥɡҹģһ˳ȥⲻڳ
ЦЦûµġһڷٰңһװ˯ڷ¿ǲ˸ҡ㴩Ϻ¶ݶϣһҹ̽͸ߺ׽Ҳȥ̫õġעⰲȫʧڴ⡣
ƹիǰţܾǱԣȥеԶիһƬּ䣬˱㳶ĵĽоȥĻضһë
ȥ
ܾʩչԼ䴩󣬽ᡣ
̣ķɽһľʧˡ
ٴͣˣܾε֣ǰȥشӰǰһƬĿأּվһˣļϡ
ܾʣˣ
ǸŮӣܾһʣģ
ժĺڽһЦǰǡɡ
˶ٽŲܾϡ
ʧּʱի˲֮͡ݶĻƼˣʱƬһ̣𣺡ץ
ƻ
֪ܾѾŮּ˹պܾãһߵǰ´ᡣǰĵɹŲٲҩһʮģڳҩһּ
Ų죬̧ͷһϲС㣬ôˣô
ǰշݸСԣλǾ׸ˡƹ̰˵˵ɡ
һܾΣʩһ񣺡ΪСǰοҵģˡסϢ˵롣
ªҩ
ţܾٿʣҽļˣ
ûش˹һյҩ裬Ȳ衣˻ۣҽӴԣڼΨһҴˡҸҽүͯҲİӡСүҽҩʶĶ̵ֶġ
ü˵֪ҶүζС˽飿
ˣǱ˴ģϣأҼүᱡ֮ˣԺС֮¡
£ӴԵȦЩ죬òŵ˵һүСԼҪ˽ġȵʱ󻹲үżͷسȥԸ
ι˵õıӻ˸ְճӦӦîÿδʱʱ̣ھоŹ̸֪׵ϰߣҲ֪Ȱ׳ȫԼ鰮ѩھӰԼ˽һٻ׿ˡ
һգԼʱδʱ̡ھӰͯӴڳȡۿʱѩδ˰סھӰͯԼθӴڳʱȵʱҲԼүѣغҴҸϻسڸ⣬ֻΧָָ㣬ƻĽΧ鳭
֪ʲô£ֻѰ˸СջղŴѩͻȻԾԼүιɱιΪ߹ºɳأ˲𡣾֮£ѾڼǡǺѩΨһ֪ھӰˡھӰɳ˵Ĵ£ȰӴԳǶܣ˵̲ٸ棬ָıѩˡ
˭ϣǰ̲´ȴһȥһѡ
Լ֪½꣬ӴԲ˵ΪʺɱڼΪүֶŮáţĻԶ뾩ǣڼ̫ү̫үڸɹҩӾˣѧڼҵҽ׷֮ҲŰүԩ˵ǻʺһĻޣǻʵּлᷭġ
̾һûãȻʼݱЦӰѩͼСΪСүС㽻ү档񡣡
Ĭα磬ܾмָӡ˼ʣм֪ζСү£
үֻ֪СС֪һѾߡ
 

216 

Ƭ̣ܾʣ˽˭֪
Ӵҡͷ˵Ǽ¾С㶼֪˵ǸѾ߲Ե֪ãιŮ޸̫ӣС㲻⣬»ʺùõĿġһ֮վڻϴͲˡȻʺҽΣүܽ˺θ˼үͻȻĵȥ
θɭϣүôʶСģ
Ҽүȥ껨իһգСǡСһȥүҶǰ֮ˣ̸ʮͶԵү֪Ǻι˵ǧ𣬻үס
ھӰͺѩ¸ܾϸ˵꣬ߵ׵ˣСң̫֪СǱҼүԩŸ޹ġ
ͷãܾӴԣ֪ˡڴ˴ȫҸȰӲ˵
лˡ
úûһ£̺СģʳӵĶʲôˣ
ӴһסƬ̲ʣ˵Щʹ
֮һȦף֪ͨ籨š򣬺ι˲ȥôɵġ

Ӵʰܾ߳ᣬշվԺС
˿չ游Ӵԣ
ԡ游ģ·Լɻϧû˵ȥ
һ£ܾȵʣϣ游̫ҽԺԺ㸸ף㡭
ض⣬շﵭ˵ˣŮ˰޹ءҼѲ棬α̸ף

ιԭжʮ߸ˣЩɢɢҵõ߸ɢ̶СѾߣʺһŭ֮ѳˣֻһΪٻؼҲӹ뿪˸סڽݡǣ㷺ֻº𶯣ҪҪ飬Ϥ㡣һֽתʧּ䡣
ıӰܾ˺һǷӴȥ
Ӧ޳֦ϡ
ܾͦģڹիǲˣЦ˼˵ڳˣȥĶϸĶŮʲô
һշüʣϾǹӵδޡ
ʲô粻֪ġֻҪҲ˵˼䣬Ӧ޳ˡվԭأշ﷢˺һ˦һͷһ뿪
ͬʱܾӴ˹յطعի
ƽ˿֪вܾ֮ͣѩǲӧˣģ޷ץ߷ʹšǵɣ䳰һ²ŶԻһ
գܾеڹի緹Ӽͷ˸תŻ˳ǣȻ˸ȥʵ¹⡣ûʲôףһʱ޽⣬ֻüġ
¹⣬ǺܸȤ¹ȻұóԵöࡣĥһ£ԸһСãһ̫һףԼµ÷붨ȥԺܵܡ
¹͵͢ʱ緹ʱ֣֪ŮԼ¹⣬Ϲ¾˵ǶЩ궮¶ˡǰһģֻ֪ܡ
緹ɫתתͷЦʣүССʱǲǾ½ү
ǰһٰס˾˼ңʲôöȥ˾˿֪˭ˡ
Цľ˵ƺ½ұүٵСʱ𣿡
ҡͷ
½үǲǺСĻ
ǰɡǽСͺסСʱ򾭳Ƕ棬ȥģȥġ
ĥһ£Ĳ⡣
Ҷٴγ
ĺʱ֣ˣ½ҶȷʵĻһͻң¥ܾ֮ǰȥ׸
ô˵½ҶǸģ
Ϊǵġ
üӧ˼һʣǱʬнչ𣿡
ǰƺʬ˵ǣڲ顣
أ
ɵ֤ڹիܾȷʵȥʵġѾ˺飬ϴ˽ٳɡ
һϴɣȥ鰸ȴȥɣΪΣߣҿڴҲãǴɵʲôߵ棬ӧɭȻһЦ
š̲ĵΡżй䣬Ϊң岻ھǣԼϹͬСܾæúܣʱһȥգߺ޷֣ʬҲûκνչﰵעʬĸֲ鲻õ˾ģи
 

217 һݹ

գ۵³̩볯ʮˡЩӣÿɢԾȥţһʲôҲȴ̵ģĹԱǲ֪òЦεĻ¡ȴƺûܲһ֪ʱشĽ̵
һжȻעţÿʵǰ֪¡Ӳ̩żѵ䣬ʵۺЦѣ춯ͷԸҡ
һɢ¡౨øܲ꣬û˵¡ʣ¾úδԣ
̧ͷܲ˼һ²˵ûвԣֻǾú֡ΪСֽ̼˰ôࣿ¥רḷ̌˵ÿӯٰɣ˰ȴٺܶࡣ
ԣ¡ؿ˿λүĥһͷԼǡҲ֪ģ¥ạ̊́йټҵıھ⣬ףϿ⣬Щ¾޷׷
棿ܲüʣ˵ˣ
£ʵȻʱÿ궼Ըе˰̲飬˵ǲˡǸʱе˰࣬ѫҵĶҪ˰ǻӣصҲҪ˰ġǵ𣿡
Ƭ̣԰
̾һ£¡ҡͷžְе̲ȡˡж˰İĸ֣ǹ֧Ҫƽֻ跨أС̻˰ˡ
ɪĺӼͷܲĬܾͻȻʣΪβָе̲أ
ǡɵ³β볯ʱδز֮¹پãǵһȰɡ
ܲ˺ܾãͷ
ЩصȥĿıӰ¡Щء֪λ̩ΪʲôټԼǸֱˣʶְȲҲ䵭ֻͷ֮¡ɹ۲ʮգ̩Ļʵ۴磬Ȼ֮ǲһģȤԶֵǡ
Σ¡౨鷿ȥÿе˰̵Ҫʵ౨
鷿ʵ׵ˡһǲģҲУպİ£޲㡣
л¡
˵̩ڻŶʣ㻹ѵ
һ˿ȣ¡ش𣺡̩δԻһ֪ʵĶǳʶЩ˵˻ʡҲ֪ӻæµҲż֪͡ˡ
Ƭ̣ʵȴЦЦ޷үеػҪġϽͷȥšòǿһ䡣
¡ƿһθǹٻӵܡʮºˣȻоóʵƺָ΢٣ٴιסߵлΡ
صͷʵۻû˵ʲô̫е̫༱Ҵҽ£̫ŭȥ˵
⣬ʵۻǵͷ¡ȥɡúøɡһ䣬̫жȥ
뿪鷿¡˲Զͼةκźιй¡ĿбӵؼߣȴƳһة˵ıӰüȻһֹתһȥǽŵķһ˿ɻ¡˼ţװû
ʱʵ۽̫󹬡
⣬һ﹬ŮڼഹͷţҲҳУֻпӱ̫촽ֱǰİϱɨ䣬ˮãɼոշƢ
һãʵ߹ȥʣĸ˭ˣ
ӱ£ȥš
ǡ
ӱ˳ڰˡ̫ʣʶʵ߰ң갧ȢıãǲǲȢ԰˺
㵣ʵһ˵ı˭ҡͷĸҺͷСʶúʣȢȢɡǲ⣬ֱ˵͵ˣʲô˵ġ
Ĳ˸ɵģ
ʵۼҡͷ
ɫα̫˿ĬƬ̲˵ӱ¸߰һ£ǣ޷죬޷죬ûѰҷͻȻŭݺݵ˼䡰˵óһݹʣʵۿɡ
ؽӹ꣬ȵʣǺδģ
ܾã̫ҧгݵ˵׸ڳǱ˼亡ǣǵǸǡٺ٣˵ǸŮηǱӣȴǱ˽˿ڣ˸޶֤ūţļˣڰҵƤֽš
ĸɭʵ۲Ծһ´˵˵йǸҽ˽ֽװʲô
ԣ̫һ۶ӣʶټԶԾ֪ˡ
 

218 ǽ

һʵ˼Ƭ̵ͷĸ֪۾˾˺ͷģ޻ϢʱͬգǹģóʹҪʹ
⻰̫˲٣ǾͺáһĻʶ᲻İ
üο˵ġ˵ΪŮ˲ڹС
Ըڼʰɨʵ۲ŷ鷿⣬˿ӱ¾ʣӱ£ôԶֱӸޣ
£á¹غ󹬣óȻΪѣԳòŽʾ̫ҪҪȥ
룬ʵ۵ͷ鵽֤ˣ
Σû˵ֻ˵¹ع񣬲й¶ӱ´ɷԲ
ЩЦʵ֮̾šǿ˵ʲô¹ع񣬲йܣǵġһ䣬ԸԶԽ
鷿ǰةκ̲ιһվŵȡ鷿ι˵£ݴ󽫾ľٱѾ½Ҷɵ٣һݣһڳĹիʱ㣬ġ
š
ֵǣݴ󽫾߷ͻȻһݾٱ˵Ǳ䲻˸̲飬˷ǸţҵǸԺӣʬ룬ֹŹ֣ԡ
ʵüٱģô֮ǰû˵
ʱΪֻǸѰİӡ
״ةκ˵£ʬǲҪȥΪáȻΣžˡ߷ָزʵݣͷš
ĸױŭȥľ˾ˣʵ۳˳Ŀ˵ةô˵ƺ֪Щʲô
κشԶ
ʵ۾˵ᰮ䣬ͦġʲӱ°ĸ÷Բˡ
֪ԶϿҵϴǵñΪѡ
Ϊѣߡ˵˵ɡ
壬óһۡ״κͺι˵װһ֪ʲôģ
һϸ֤ڹʵ۵üԽýˡã̧ͷʣһССĹ¾Ȼ˵Ϊ˭ĵӣ
£λƽй˵ƽ붼ǮƣżСԶҡСĳݣȻÿγȥȣÿζھӰ֣Ͳµóһˡ
˭ָʹɵģ

סʵ۲ɵĸ׵ĻƬ̾ʣةкο
£ָȷʵòһأ
ι顣׼㴫Ѷ永ˣ
ּ
õʥּ̲ҲСһʱ永˵ȫץܣͨϢһʱ䣬ྩ۾ס
̲ӽѶ֮ʣϢ˺󹬡
ڵشվеĲ豭أʲô£
ū澲ֻ֪֪ة˹̲飬ټ˾׸ͱˡ
ȥȥ
ǡ
ŮҴ˳ԭͷ֣̿ȴ벻Ӻγ
ͬһʱ̣ġ̫ѴϢһ꣬΢΢һЦ
ı̫׵ܵܣɵóô꣬վҴˡ
Ǳ߿ǳȹϵء
ȷʵżֺõľˣϧ̫ϲŮˡ˸Ҹţѵõ֤͸̲
һ׵𣿡
ʲô׵ģҸɵġʵѩ̫²ϲıáֻɵȥɡ
̫๪ˣ⣬ҹ磬Ŀ¶Ū
ͬһʱ̣ʺҲ֪Ϣ
ת豭Ƭ̣Цһôȥʲô̫÷Բأ̫һʴ˰ġǲҪͣ֡
侮ʯ̲ڼӽѶй˵ȡǼģɵһµض֤ڹʸڷϣԩţ˼Ҵҽһⲻ֪š
һιһǲҲŵݸԶԣ㿴
꣬Զüëֱһʣ˼
ǸѽҲգûҪܾһˡ
¹סȥš
ԶȥιǷĵϸһ顣ݵʬԺܱߵĴƬլ˾סֲֻ˴Ƭ㻨ջ㸡һصͻȻˣ˱㽫լۡһԺȴ伣
ŵι֪ʲô
һҹ̲ĵƻͨ
֪̽̫󣬸·ͷŷ׷֤ݣݰѱЩĳ·˸׳졣ʢ裬ǰ󹬣ҶΪպз磬һǽơ
 

219 ˭

պּ̫жʺκιվһࡣƣͷԽҧסǿݼ檸̫󡢻ʺ밲
ֻ̫˵ΰ䣬ʰɡ
ǡش𣬺ιתʣıܼϣ˵跨ֹζС޽һжǰǸŮķԸȥġд£
ûû¡
ҲˡΪ˰̫λι˵Ĺ£̽С٣䷢ҽھӰ˽顣Ϊ̫󲻻ֶͬŮ¼ޣֳھӰСɻΪ̫ǸŮܴͨһıٵζСڣ޻ھӰһݡ
һ
óһݹʣιͷβһ顣
Ĺ£ͨѩѾ߰˽͸¶ιˡŭŮ£СţѾ׼СԼ˽޼ƿʩ֮£ѩƴӡȴٿҽΣּҽεĲھӰ̫ͨҽԺ͵ڹµڻ£źι˰ھӰ˺θ
˶˽ȴ˸塣
˽һգѩѾڲԻҩ°װҽļĹ뷿ʱһ̣ھӰ˹ȻθѵȺѾȥ˺ѩĹ뷿ǡһ𡣲֪ΪΣѩէȻˣȻѹ߷֮Խ̺ھӰ֮޺֮ʣ´źι˴ҴҸʱһѽ
Ϯۼ˲ھӰɥ˿֪һġɱھӰĺιͻȻ˶ڷӳȥļ󡣾֮£һݣιײ·Ļء
ִϧؽ̲ڹµİ·סѾǵ죬ͼȴϣǵĸͻȻΪھӰ绤Ϊڣĳ̲Ҫǻƻʱǰȥ´ʣһǱưá
߲˵ϸŮһһѾߣͽ°ߣٳֵСԺɱʬ٣ͬڡˢ˳ޣϸŮ϶Ǳӡ֮ΪڸѪȸʬζ۵ίؽܱߵլԺֲ㻨һСԺܣܱ߸ְѲµͽĨȥһкۼ
ƽ˾˭õ￪ܵڴǸԺӣ
촽ֻݶڴܣ˺þòͨ򵹣̫̫ϢŭֻһʱͿû˵ҪС㣬û뵽Ҫιˡ
ֻ̫ʣйٰҽ۷ȴƽϢȢΪޣΪΣ
̫̫󣬳檣ֻǣ檾úСò䡣
ٺ٣̡̫ǣȻµó㣬޷ǿ˺μҵԹ󣬼ֹѩ붫ı档µҲ棬ߡ
̫󡭡ʲôʧе̫檽͡檣Ǳ˹ƻġ
һ٣ֹ̫ʣ˭
һ߳檺СҪֻ̫Ǳֻǲ¡̫̫
ΰ䣬ˡһ顣
һ㶣ιæͷּ
պּ鷿
˵ΪʲôѷҪ޽ϢĴɢ
һȴ֪Ӻ𣿶˶ֻ˵£֪˵ʲô
֪ι
󽫾ĸָ㣬˵ζС㣬ֶ̫ŮҪ붫˵ҪƻἱææãͲ
סйڣûܳͷ߷磬Ͳǵù˭ֻǷǵͿ۵Լͷϡ
һ£һæ˵£ʱĸ綼˾Ⱦʱ˵һ䡣˭֪͸ǳô£ԩ
ü˭ģ
벻ģǾ˵
ޣʱ
һճȥݼ˵ġ
㵣ʵ˺һʣȷ
£ûŮ̺ûҪͺ󹬵ѽ
Щ벻˵û˵ʵһʣô֪Ǳʬ壿
£߷ġ
üι˵󽫾ʵһжɵģôҧ߷
ҰԼ˶߷ǫ̃˵ƿԡ
İʵ۱ʣ㵽ô֪ģɪ¥רǲ֪ȴ
 

220 

һæ壬£ˡĲ֪˵˵
㣿
ιݺԼֻٴ߷˳ۣںơʵ۴Ϊٴΰһ٣˼һ¡
ظˡ˷޹״һɧֺޣֻñػظ˼һѰ˼ű
ٴγԱ񣬺ιЦ󰸵Ľϸһ顣
꣬ʵ˵ˡȥ̫󣬰Ѱһһʮϸ˵
ּ
ι̫аݼʵ۸ֳ˼šʱڼʬҴѾʮΣÿζߡ
ʵ۲ڼʣ£ͼһ档˵СӵϸһĻᡣ
ԣʵ̧ۿ˿ڼ࣬Щ꣬޸չ˹ˡ֪㣬Ĵ⶯޵ľ˾ϡǴءߣֹ붫ԼıȢΪޣһáˣ˵㡣˲ֵ֪ļˣ⣿ʲôñġˣּ
ФԪּʣ޼ʣݺ޹ɱڣ۾ϣңȫӷϵӽն֧Ű˰ۣ⡣ʧ£ϷţͰ籣ӽɻʺͨϢĹŮڼ࣬ɱ
ԺϴɢҥԣǷǣϲ⣬󲻾ȥپûҲΪԶǨݣڲˡ֣Ĵţ乬
̲̫ҽԺθһӦ永ɴáͬʱ֮ŮҽھӰʹŮ֪֮ڼӴ֮ͬء
ּ´Ұ𶯡
Фϡϡ϶ǻʵһ֮ҵӵܷ׷볯Ϊ٣ҪְνԺաһã帲ͬʱ˾вְλȱ
󹬸ˣԭʺͷʢǻʺһϵ˴ѹһͷɴ˰ꪣϣͳ˹λߵӡ
ʱˣǰ󹬣޲Ħȭơ
֪޺ʵȴ߽һöĦãһЦ
㣬㣬Ӷʹ˱°࣬иӡһҲǴ³˭ѳʺǳסǸʱϣ̫֪ѩҪ붫Ȼɫ
ԸŮԼױ԰ɢȥˡ
ʵϣѩҪΪ̫ϢͨĻ⴫ġһգĻԣʱ˵һɤӡλȴϲŪĸϵܺã˴ͲǸǳģϲǷǣǹϢ˵ʱλҲǵĻʺŮУı󶯣ʺԹֻۣ಻סʣ˺֡
֪θұ䣬гȴɫֻܸ߸˶һʺңһĽȻػصõǷݵĳʱþ˹ȥȻûʱҲѣĵصȵգѪоͳ֡
߽԰ʱѴĽ֡
òʴԷǣǼҰɣ
ġǣФǸǰúܣΪΪ³ʹǨŭھүǼҸǼҺ޽飬ܳõ
Цһ԰ǸǾ׸ģֻ˵ʵѳءúãôʹӡ
ǡˣϣʺǰ߶ǵ˻ʺľټ»᳣ġ
תԷ˼һͷԸòˡ⼸ͣˣ˸ţɺãʾ˾˵ľ
Էȥ£
ڵ갸ֵ÷зǣ󽫾Ͻ길ȫ˽ȥ缴Ҳжš˿ڵ갸ԱȽʬꪵФϡϡϣͷ
òԣʵˡʱ˿̣֪Ĳȫ棬Ҳƺһ˫εڷƸꡣ
еͽ鸮ʱԶ뾩ǵĶ⣬±ȻزĺһյĲŽ
صСӪξͷһƨڵϣϢ˺һʹֱۣеۣۣСүˡҶ㻹ҪξΪʲôҪ±𣬻ݣ
 

221 ͬ

죬һܲĥı飬½Ҷڵ£ͻȻЦ
ιЦʲô٣۵öվôûƵģ
ԹЦ˺һᣬҡͷȰҪ֪˰ɣΪˣݰɣҪͻؾǣҵ书ָˣھвʲôµġ
һ棬ξ̲סʣҪӾΪʲô߱·ӣӵһ飬ٿԴУξҪҲȥ˾ĥߴӽ
Һ㲻һġǻ壬ǳдԱ˵;׵öࡣҵˣºҪóʵʵĹҵ֧ŻЩǲܱȵġûҪԿ࣬ȥɡ
ⷬξһ㶡˺һᣬüƬ̵ͷ˵⻰еǾͣǾɡҴڹʱţû׼ǸҵĻᡣ
ͻȻпˣ½ҶЩԾȰУ½Ҷ½Ҷ㡣
һ½Ҷɻ룬ߡ
±ӪⲻԶ½ҶվסţȴˡԾ졣ƫͷ̧ץסһһֻɫĹӡ֪ʲô˵Ķ磬ߴһЦ
㵣תһһԺ˸½Ҷ⣿
û뵽½Ҷֵʣ㣬ô⣿ģ
˻ش𣬸ξѾԾֵؽУѽǧСȻӹţϧǲ˧
ң塣ξƺһüŭξΪԭˣͿԿٷϻԣ
ι湻ס
δ䣬½ҶһסѣȻʣ㲻ھǣôˣ
ͷȴʣأ㲻ھǣȻӾĸ׶֪ءΪʲôѽ
룬½Ҷ˵ҳһ¡ǲ֪źãӡ㲻⣬ǾӪ߾ԶǸϽȥ
ء½ҶûжԼң延ϲشӱóһԻۣȻӾõˡòϣɡ
ǶԻۣ½Ҷٴѩã˶ٻǽӹ˵лˡ⣬Ͻྩȥ嵣ġ
ߡûյҡæúܣҺоԼ䡣Сǽһʱ͸򡣡»ۣңˣһתơ
û뵽㣬½ҶЩȰ˵㵽ӪáˣϽȥ
ӪܽĵطиСӡǽѵˣȥϳԶɡ
Цӯӯ½Ҷһ²˵Сվ棬壬Ӫ壬㣬ȥľȥԥƬ̣һ䡣
⻰ңʱһɨɥǺáʱ㡣
š·СЩ
Լңˡֱ˸߲ҵˣξ߹ΧźתȦһϡʣҶ㿴СѾͷˣ㲻ףʨӣ
½ҶͷӪߣһ䣺ھӪҵ֡УûʨӡһŮӣ˵ʨӺġ
Ӿͺã
ٲת½ҶһȭξļѣҼʱӣ׼Ϲ˵Ҫ;
żξ̾һɫѽǷ飬Ҫˣ㻹Ӣ۾ڣ
֪ƶ죬½Ҷֻ˵ˡ㲻߿㣬밤
ӪⲻԶ˰˼һĻ
ҹӪСϣӥµס
һ·׷٣ҵ½Ҷˡ˸ǸŮӡ½Ҷ뿪ӪͶ֣ҹζࡣ
ͬһʱ̣ϵĿջһŮȰ˵С㣬ˣҹﻹظүǡ
ʲôдءȥһ£ʲôطģңһϲؽѵѾߣһ氲š
ǡ
ʲôѽֲǧС㣬޸֮ȥ
ѾֻӦ
һգң崩һɫװˣһƥξȴ޻رܵԾ֪ӺδŪһƥظ˱ͲԸͣ졣״½Ҷֻ֮òʱͣһ·˽ȡ
߾Զɽƶ̲𣬶񳪳ԶȴƮҡɽʯ䣬Ȫ֣˵Ƿá
̾һ˰ڹȿڸͽߡвԶξŹһֻɽ
 

222 

²߹ȥξҫ˵ֻɽ׳϶óԡ
ɽë½Ҷ죬῾𣿡
ξһ㶡
ңһЦ϶ֱš½Ҷ𣿡
ȻҴСͻᡣ
жС
شңͻȻʲô㿴иںڵġ
ͬʱתһһ̣½ҶȻ˳һקξ㿪εʣһն
һСּɳ˵ǰʱնСʬ׹ص˲䣬ѬһΣ½ҶȴΣңϢһŰѻûعĺߵסԵң͵һס֮ǹȳĶ
Ӧ䲻ң嶨סֻߵһ˫ۡ˫ƺƺĪ㺡һһ졣½Ҷȴо㱧ִپң壬оһƺʲôҧһ¡Ҳ룬ֲץ
ꡣ
һֻͷı䣬˺·ڻһݺۡǰ֮ƤƣȴͣСȱɳͷٱ׵һʧȥ󾢣½ҶѾжء
ס˰Ϯ½Ҷ˸ǱЩξûԹ½ҶѾңתͷߣЩԡ

߰
Ǹձʮбﵶֱ½ҶԵң塣
롣
ͣ½Ҷңһƣӵ񵲡ͣٵ˲䣬ʮ˴ӿӵϡϾ׷ʲô£˸԰γΪнǣȫֵ
սʮغϣǲǿɱΧȦ·裬ֻߡһ·׷½ҶĵоԽսԽ֮ƣλ˺ˣǱ˹
֪˶ã˦׷ǱӵһɽʯͣϢϢ̣½Ҷк˼ӡվξЩײײںû߳һգֻüһ͵ȥ

ξһң˲öˣæϽк
䣬նĻ͸˵ɭȴӦ
½Ҷǣô죿
򴽣½ҶǸڵĶߣңǱȥ
ǲˣ
꣡˸ƣָָ󡣲ϸϤϤʵ
ʲô͸Ź죬ңһףæʶץס½Ҷ֡
׷ǡߣ

ҹĻˣϵı飬͸ŵļᶨʣڲݴȥɫߣ͸ζܽʧĬУ½Ҷң崩ھУʱӵ·
ʱǴƬԣǰһС·
С·ĵ˵ң壬Ѿ뿪ȣһСǰͼ·û޳ûʱִܵͨǵĹٵϽ뿪
أ
Ҳܶ¾˵кܶҰѣܲҰ޳Ѩŵȥġ
ɡ̫Σˣ°㡣
Ʋ֪ʱڱ¹⣬ؼһƬްоزסĹģ½ҶͷһůЦЦο˵ǰȣϤ·ҵа취ġߣ²˳١
ס֪Ȱƺﲻæһ˲͵ʲôݺҧסǿԼסóһֻ
Ҷۣ;ۣȥ㡣ᶨذסҾҵ㡣ҪġҺܿ
һҪһûپңץס֣һһٵضȴǿסᣬͷɽȥһ·ɱóЩҪأԮ½Ҷȥض׶༪١
ˡץסֻĬƬ̣ͷµ˺ǳģ޷Ϊ˱׽ߵĺǣң壬ξ
½ҶǱξʧ֮ʱӥԴξ
Ǹң壬̽ȸȤ壬ܡһ·׷ϣ½ҶձӥΪĸ߳˲٣ͳΧıȻʧȥ½Ҷټȴ׽סξ˲١һԸξһɽϣ帽Ĵʯ¼֣Ȼá
һʱ´̽ҰٴʱԶһӰ½Ҷ
 

223 ȱ

Ŵŵ½Ҷһһɽ£ϵξӹһ˿ߺޣȴƽʣ˭
ӥʣ˭Ķ
ͷһв²⣬ش𣺡򡣡
ôģ
ûж˵жˡҳһҩóһֻҩƿöҩԸ㣬ȰѾҡ
Ȱҩӹ
һ½Ҷһ֡лһƯĻߡ
ͬʱ½Ҷӥĵˡ
𣬿ƾҪ޻εӲ½ҶȴͻȻյˣǶȵػ䲻ݷƹӥٴλӵһΣԭƽĵͻȻһ䣬ʮӰڿն𣬵ɨʮ֮ء󾪣ǲòԵֵ
һŲҽУ˸˵أӥҲ岽ץס϶½Ҷ˵ξǰնӣ·ӡ
סӥһԼץסҩƿһҡƿпտաݺݵضţＷһ֣׷
տߣӥʣµʮ˽׷ᡣ
һ·˹գôΣ½Ҷ˦ǡ֪Էξʲô׷ٵķӣͣ¼飬޷֡Σ½ҶֻñŲʡµĺѼӡ֪˶ãɫˣǰһƬʯ¡
һ¾룬һģξӽʯ¡һխʯ£ͳǰۣĨЩԼϣʣһԵξϡٲһһʯסξ෴ķȥ
߲ãӥ׷оһµϵĺۼ½Ҷȥķ׷ϣȫûע⵽ڴʯµξ
ʱ磬½Ҷӵһµϡ׷֪ʱˣһҹѾ۵£ʵܲˣֻͣ¡һձĿһᣬͷһٿȻԾֻһŴͷ¡
Σͷǿȫӵ
ҫ۵İ׹ӵ𣬼ĵʵʣо΢죬綼նϡһ˲½ҶˡƷ絶⡣
û뵽ĵʵսвͻƣӥɫ䣬ȵˣ
ˡ
ĵգۼ绷ѺΧĺȫ֡
һĸҡҡλεʮǰضһ󶴣ѪȪӿͨͨԵڵأĿӥĵغʮԵزվסһѪںءĺ˸ˣǱˤҲ
½ҶǱ˿̵ձʩչһеģͷͻƣȴǿ͸֧˾ѪԪѽȫľ޺ˡ˿̣ѵվţʧصضȴǿصŶ֣ϵء
ѵ³һѪĭӥһ²Цõ½ҶֳɾͣǽŻӡϧעա
ͷһһƬ½Ҷ׵÷ңǿ۾һһٵʣ㣬г𣿡
ûҼӵĶŹ㡣ɡȻ춯صĵӥͷЩٿڣٴξٵֻɱ֮졣
Ҳֵ½Ҷĵң塣һֻѩãЦӯӯ˵ģ͸㡣Ź⣬ǹػϲã㺡ԳЦЦϧʱ˵һ䡰ϲ
ƺͣˣһ½ҶҪ촦ǡʱӥȻסͫܵյŤ֮յزɱļ
תӥŭػͷȴһ

档ûӥʲôһʹһ˲һҺ쳹겻֪䣬֮ĺٴ˴롣
˭
˻شֻм١
ŭŻɢļӥһĺֻǿ֧ţ߾ز𡣶Ȼתأ֪Ǻֵ˺õģ¶Ϻȣ
ͻȻ룬½Ҷؿǰԣģ˼ˡΪ׵һɫʮͣͦοʣֳһŰɫĹһ֪ǷƷ
½Ҷ
š㣬˭
㡣
ЦЦиֵܣԶʯ档ҡ΢ɣ½ҶҲֲ֧סؿɽʯϣۡ
½Ҷ

ˣ߹ľ£üͷԸϣߡ
׷𣿡
һӥߵķ´һʬȲ׷
ǡ
ܿ죬뿪ƬѪǽ֮أʬϺȫ͵
û߶Զ˸ң塣½ҶһȦһ죬˹޽УҶҶ
 

224 

״װͰ͵ذϿˡû˼ȥˡ
˿½ҶѪ᣺Ҷء
ûʲôô˻ޱӣСøƵġĿ¶Σ䡣
һңʱסᣬüһָŭңԶҪ۸ңһޱӣ
۸㣬֤𣿡һ䣬ԹǰȥһԸʯͷµξҲϡӪ
Ӫҽκ˵һҧ˵˶һ¾ָܻˡһ˼ǣԪĺܴٻ˯ʮѡ
û£
û¡
̫ˡ˿ңӪߣȴһֻץס
ȥʲô
ҿ
ŮܲסУŮʲô˵ġϽݡ˵꣬ңԶбһվŵһˡ˼״˵С㣬롣ְȥ
ι
ˣӣңԶвԹԻȥҪҸߵ͵ڼҳꡣѡɡ
ԣң岻ԾһͷȨһֻ˵㣬Ҫúտǧ˺ˡ
֪ˡ߰ɡ
ĿˣңԶת˲ԶһСʡһˣʮͣα뺷ŵĴ͸¶ǿӲζ
ˡ
Сӽ½Ҷʱģ¼Ϊûˣ
Ҳˣ½ҶξԳƳݣõóݵƾ֤
˳ǣǰӾǣ˵ʧˡ˭õ½ҶȻ˶ǵ¾˶٣ʣ׷ɱʲô·
֪ʿΪǳ½Ҷȥġ
ͣһ˵ǸµСӡˣ˶ţھг˲ӣ˼ҿЦ
ǡ
Ŀ뿪ӪңԶŷԸ䡣½Ҷ¾ǿ½ģ˰Ҫ۵ģ׵ԸЧ¾Ӫʮ⣬פŰӪ򣬽ңԶ
ȥãһӰңԶֱϡһֻӥëʣδȥ
ӥؾָָһ
ǸңԶͷ˼һ˲ٴλһԸؾǣ½Ҷʲôң
ǡ
ˣһºӥͷڸ䡣
ӥʧʡӥ֣öԣսˣ׷ٸζ׷ңζҵ½ζˡ·½Ҷӥ¡
ӥ֮ʱӥ˴һɺԵĺ̲뿪ȡû׷ͣϢ˺ܾòŸԹˡɫеһԥһ²ʣӥˣȥģ
ûشӥóֻҩƿ˿˵һУ½ҶضҲӹ֡ȥֻݾߣ㲻ûᱻ˷㡣Ȼȥɡ
ǺܿѰ·ྩ۷ʱյ߷ո¿šȺ߷һ߽С߷˿ûбѺյɥУɵкˣһػĵ̣˼
䣬и빫ӡ
תһĿ¶ȴȥ΢΢һЦϹ
°ȹŮȵ߹棬¡ǰЦʣ˵ǰ㱻ܸ棬û°ɣ
лġδΪٹûˡ
Ǿͺáʱҿɵˣ̲βܽҶҪȥ̽ġץסʾġ
Щ˵ǣɷܵĺˡصģ᲻˵ġ
ֺʶҵ˵ʲôġЦһʣá빫£ǳ̤ɡ
һ㶡
ûشһٻӰȻµıӰӹһ˿⣬ͽУá
»ͷһپɨˣػصô⣿
߹һɣòطʣΣǮ
۽һ²ˣθɣ
ȷʵûϵҵǮ빫ӣ㾡ܿ߼ۡÿǮˡһЦһؼһ䡣
ǣϹ˵ʲô
װûڣǶЦ빫ӣòˡɺ𣿡
ԣЦЦͦõġѵǡѵõĹ裬һԡ˿£Ϲɣʧ㡣
 

225 

ɴˡǵıӰԽԽһţһ۹кĻƣ˽ĽŲ
߽СͻȻøں档ʣ½εЦ빫ӣʲôôϡ棬Ҳԡ
ɳ˼һ˲µЦ𣺡ȻϹȤɡСǣټøһ
էԼ֣һ㶣һʱϲüҡɨһãתʹȵ˵һסģѵ˵ҪȲ衣ɣһԹ衣
ƺν³Ծʣ㳣
תͷڹŵһҶáϴʱҶûôġ
⻰¶ʱ׷ʵ㼸ʱģ
ǻûشɻˣĻƶһ裬ֻ豭
ΪءСǣԡϹ롣ǫһҲ£ȴͻȻʣϹ˵˾˰ˣΪþﳳ֣
ǵġǱݼҵֱۣФҵòʱߵġ¿¶Ϊǣʹ⣬Ҳͻش
Ļش΢⣬˼һʣ˵ݼҹǺܺõѣ
Ųءǳ²èҺҸÿ죬Ҫͱǣˡһ۽㣬²˵ѽΪҽ㡣
ɵĻʵ֣û֨ûãֻеغһ裬̾ò衣ɬִζظʣʮϡء
佱Цϣúãһи㡣
ðȻӦ΢Цﲨӯӯ
Žۣ¶ʱζƿŽ˵빫ӣҲҪһС
ֻһˡϹðɡ

԰ãϲ˵佻õ㡣ɷãĻŭţϲظϰǻ
ſڣ²ǰڳøֻȻ˽һۣˡ
裬ǾʣãôȥΣ
ȥҪȥԼȥ
֪Ϊʲôţת˵빫ƺУǳȥɣ
˸롱ƣЦ𣺡֮
ãԼȥˡ뿪
ˣһѳסɵ䣬빫ӣȥģ
ɫس䣬ߡ
Ҳȥ
ʮ֣Ǿ˵㿴ȥʲô
ҾҪȥ빫ӣ㲻ܺ˱ˡҽȥҲôҡһת˸䣬ǡ
£ü˵СǣǴðɡ
ˣΪΣѵҵģ
ţգЦð߰ɣá
뿪߷ɾȥիϲӣȻͷֻȹȤ÷ԣֻøһ·ţòʶݼҵĹϵ˳ֻۣذ󽫾һˣ²⣬Ҳ׷ʡһʣ֡
вԶիˡеĻѩãǱ߹ȥĶ䡣
һϲɲЦʣСǣûѩúÿ𣿡
ÿëɫЩ
ûسһֻӣ¼˵̫ûʶˡӶǰ׵ģҪǻںʲôġ
һǶʱĲëãݵطòŲءвãûɱ˵ûС
һ㶡༥ѾɣЦӯӯ˵빫ӿ֤ġ
ݸȷʵϹԶĵطһ£ϵȻɲʣëɫǺƽɫЩɫƣңе̣ͷѰӴһȦɰʮء
ãª˰ɣЦһ䣬ּҪȺ飬˵
ҡ
Ǻ˵빫ӣǱģܿɰ
ʼ磬ЦϲǹȥիĶģȽ϶ء˵Цţ˲ȥģٴΰһԡܲѣҲǸƤģһٴθεεضǡ
벻ͨΪΣǸɴץסʱʱЦ䡣ţڳֻú޺ްסαװᡣ
ϵضһʱȴظŽ㡣˦°գתקظ
⣬ɸȥˣǲбһ£¶ΪΣ
 

226 

һ⻰¶ʱðɸߡ
߷ٴοҵһȥɣ뱻ƻ˿ˣҪαװ磬۽һػش𣺡Ұɣߣ۾ǣݼҵǸɵ㶣ĸ˼ҸȢţϹûҪͶɡῴģ׷˼ˡ
ȵؿ˿תתʣῴ㣿
ҢҢһ´ڼͷ㷢ЦǵȻһ㲻ǿҲ㣬ŸŹѵ֪Щ߰Ĺȥ֪϶֮
ô֪֮
Ҿ֪㣬ңУԶЩǽ㣬°ͷ˸һıӰ
ʧüƬ̲佻󷵻ءص˼һ壺壬Сȥ빫ӵ𣿡
룬ͷǵġСǵǽ߷ʱСڸ빫˵
¡ô˼Ůʸˣ
ɻץץͷһɻ˵С㣬ҪūȥϷһ£
ҡͷȲҪҿҪʲô
ͬʱѾϷݵذѽʹһ٣˵ҿò޸ɡء
⻰͵ƷĿһʣСѾͷĸɹϵܺã
ǰһȥʹȥԹ裬ȥй䣬ӿĵġ˵ʲô˶ɸ֤İ˵ˣǮ޲ȥϹĴŪɧԽԽ̲סҧгݵ
˺һᣬע⵽ĸֱصԼ⣬æҡҡ٣û˵ôˣ
عٿŮһᣬľǸɺã
ͷ
´ĬƬ̲˵ûŵڣδػͬġһ£ͻȻʲôæҦʣӹдôصģ
ķԸˡ˾үȥ򣬼£ҪүְԵû˵
üΣٷԸֽʡд˰ʱдţ͵ţǵøŵڼǮ
ǡ
һֱæ벻̲ͨסʣҽЩʲôãѵһԹķ
Ǹµȱۡݼҵǿˣ綪˹٣ȴϽúܣﵣδùСѾͷҲ֪ʲô˼ĥû
Ʋ죬²ΪȻܿ˾Ÿ󣬶žӱȻ磬ĥ˦ȥɡ
ĺʱ֣ٵͽ˻
ˣűú֣ŮԲšϸϸ˺ü飬ĿˣǹءǸʲô·˺һᣬֶ˼ŽŮԷԼױ
˲Զǰͼһֻ֣ŮӵĽЦ֪ǻʵ⣬ҧҧȴûȥֻԶվסȴСʱԶԶؿŮ˵߳žͼһ欵ıӰŻʵȥˡ
Ŀʧ緢òĵʣ֪˭̷𣿡
ɫѿԷش𣺡ǰ½Ůһǻʺͽģ
ݺץһָǰߡ
ʺУڷСһЦǻѽ˵ľ˾˸淸Фйڣܸ档Фϻ֪ľ˾ϴ𣿡
ɨһۣùġҾ˾ӳﳳʱڳסЩӡ
ⰲĹȻõġ뿪ǣͲˡ
ǰɻľүӲ̽ססھǣʲôϵ
ǱϹ˵ˡŻľ˾˵˶ƽФûʲôϵɹϾǹܵġ
öǳЦԼľ˾ֻǸ̼֣ӹһ˿ޣȴǿѹסպһԲֻʺ˰
ŮǵĿ࣬ʺ󵭵һЦԸڼϲ裬ӲˡϷĹ裬ɣһƷһƷɡ
л
״˴˿һۣһ£ǹر硣øǶ죬װû۲ʺת˼
Ʒյ裬ʺŮֻ硣һۣʺ˹ʣǲ£
˼һ£˿Фȥɳ檾úСİ͸żֹ졣
ü˵˵
 

227 

һ»ʺ˵檷ţ̲׷󽫾İӣڳǱ˼ʬЩʬȥͳ˵С¡ȻФ˻ʱЩɺϡ
ɺϣô˵
ǰΪ³ʹһԱʬǣһȱˣֻ˻ӡ
ˣ
Ŵǣ˵Ф̩λΪ·ǲʡ
΢ʺƬ̣ЦЦ㵹˼ɡ˵ɣк󣿡
ֻһˡ
ǶƷԱֻС£ʱʱʾ鴩ƴ͸㣬ĸƣÿ¿ԽһΡ
л䡣
ݲ˵ġ¸˵Ĺ򻹵ѧѧ
һһϲæл˺󣬻ʺԵĸŮûΣ
Ȼ֮ŮϼҸǳֻĸ׼㵱Ҳֻ˾˼ûЯҲѷΪؼǣūΪķ˼ɣƿء
ԣʺһЦסǡĶЩֵһĻݲݣСɫѡҾûļƣһ
Ӣ
ϵһ仨һᣬʺ˵˵һ£ɵľ̩һ̩ҲΪ·ǡҪ̫밲ģš
գٴСŮ˹ѯ¼£ϸʺڵ갸ʬʼĩǰ󡣲֪Ϊʲôʵôϸٻ˺һŰԼ֪˵һ顣ʱֻĶӸİΣĴϸڣҲɲꡣ
˵꣬üòã¶㿴һ̼֣
㣬ұ˾ǿöࡣ
¶ô˵ģٲһۡ
ҡ
ҡͷЦðѻ˵١¶Ǹɺú˵˵׺ںδ
Ŷ룬°Լ߷һи߽㣬ְ߷ŴαﰸǣÿζоյһϸȻ󲹳䣬㣬ǸҲϲɡȥ߷ɣܿ͸ˡȥй䣬һ·ϲʱضۡǺϤӣɻСǡ
΢гԾ׷ʣۣ
ǰЦÿɸˡһߣ˭һĽģǰȴɵúܡ
Ǿ棬ʣȥ߷
Ҿǡ֪ɺüظ
ʲ˵ݴ󽫾ٱıӣ˵Σ
˵˸˻ˣ˲˹ģҽҲβáºεֻһᣬֿһĸףͻȻ˵㣬ͲˡǸĵֱǸɨǡҸ㣬һžר裬븮ûվͰѼ˴Եͷת򣬿ɰˡ
Ѱ˼ʲôֳһ£
ŮʣٶʱͷޣǰǿˡǸļ̫ҪѲһٱŮǸǸ¥ļһǮģٰѾĴͷźݺݵһ顣
û뵽󶾣ⲻѣٴ˼һ¾ʣ̫ʧˣʲôӦ
ǳסӰȵشԸԺûȥ͢ġֻ֪ɡ
ҽ̫ϵ𣿡
㵹ǻԣȥǰİءҲûɶܵܵĲպЩûȥġ˶٣ʲô˵׸ܾҲظ¹⡣ܾǿ˵᲻޸ܾ
ܾ˼һ¾ʣ¶أ
ûܾһ𡣵Ҿ޸ɡСһལһӲŷյʣ㣬ûʲô취ֹȥɣҡ
ûش緵˷Ƭ̺߻һ񣬡ã㿴ɸȣΣ
ȵؿ㣬µСŵԲҲһǸһᣬü˵üм񡣵Ƚݣӡ
м񣿡
ְɡ
ӹһ˿ֵĹ⣬Ƭ̲Ž¶ѰᵥȥɡҪֻǰǸ˵
һʱûعζɻʣ㣬ʲôǸ˵˭
 

228 ݵ

һ´Ļش𣺡ˣ׵ġǣǸ𣿡
һȴƤһ
ûٽͣǿ¶סҵĻ˵Ҫ۲ķӦʲô飬ǲ˽㣬ҪŸҡ
֪Ϊʲô˹ɣ»ǵͷ֪ˡ
ٴζü䣬ֶ˵ȻͷϣȲҪԸʱ㲻ֲŽȡ˾ģ㲻ҪҪ佱ĺôŻ㶮֪񡣲εó裬ϾûжӡҪҪס
׽ŮĻٳĬβף˼ʣܵܶ˹٣ǸС쵰ȴʮϽҵ˹񲻾Ͱȥˣ
ܵĹλȲҪżҪȵġ
᣿ģʲô˼
ЦЦֻ˻ȻŮϲ衣
ǰٰСŮ֧߲ŶסʣôôĻǻʵ۵ӣжȥ˵лʵֻ»ġ
ĸһۣЩζЦЦ˭֪˭أ˵ˣҽ򡣼вףҲƸ㡣
⣬ɡŮɫ͸żֹŹ֣ЩæȰϽǻյʲôѱ
ĸ׵֣ġзִ硣¶ҪȥҪˡ
֪˵ĻʲôһֱΪŮ飬벻׷ʡ
Ŀĸ׺ȥ߻޹ٴδǸãӹһ˿⡣
ĸŮ֮ʣǵ֪ǲڸ߷ȥߵȴиϤıӰ߽߷ܾգۣ뻹ǹսٽĵ̣ȥ״
ʱɸմ̩ܵ鷿
ܲһûɵǰ񡣾ú֣߹ȥУ£
ع̧ܲͷʣ̲û°ɣ
û¡л¹ġ
û¾ͺá¡˻飬ֻЭܻ
һղ׽ãܲټ¡Ϊ˵ӧСɽĲӦҲΪ˽ӧĲɰܲȡȨȻӧ׷鲻ȴϸݣΪԼ˽ıԻʵ¡ܲ볯ذһѡ
Ȼг㣬Դ˲棬ܲüʣΪѵˣ
ЩڻҷֹڵĿ˰ţëҺɷ̰֮ѹեܿĶС̼֡ǻ٣ȴеŹгɵ˰¡Ҳ˵žɾκȡԴҵĲ˰ѹƽת޵ƽϡݵóʮַ٣Ҳÿ¡ǰһֱúֱ֣֪ԭ򡣡
ʵڽڼͿʼˡԪʮĻ̰𾪳ҰʱĻǵι˵Ǻιת˰Ⱥӡ̫飬ιͱնˡ
һţʣǰΪݸӹߺΪɽʱͬգǺΪʵۣĽɽȣ
û뵽ôʣüʣ¾ûʵ۸
ΪʵۣȴݲӾ˱ضҡ񡣲ΪΪ˽úģùҳξð
Ƭ̣㣬ȻʾͲ̫ˡ
΢٣ܲ򴽾˵ɣָʱĲ˰ƣô
ûɵģΪ¡ԣ
ͷ˵Ҹող뷨Ҳ˵ȽϺá
԰
ͬ¡Ŀܲ͵ҡͷꣿСǰҲ֪ˣˣӲҲͬ⡣
Ӳǡ²ĵ㼱žٶʵۻȾָȨġ
ңǾͲ¼ɺˡʲôļţܲİŭǲףλôЩ£
˷߷ߣ⴫һ졣ͬʱһ㶡ûܲסѯʣһ߸ūţң˭鷿ôܽȥ
û棬Ը顭

δ䣬졣
һָֻ˸ƣϢƹ硣ͬʱűƿˣһϮӳǰŮ̧ӯӯˮ˫ͫ˹Цʣôôæ
̩ءϾǴ壬ϵŮֳһԱ
ܲüЦЦ˵ضҲҪͨһ¡һ
 

229 ޸

ƺû𱸣ط˹ܲһۣٵʣµ鷿ôʵ檻ΪءЭܻæòɿ檺þòˣ˼
ƺлܲͷһЦӲȷʵЩӦɱ·˻ܵװװӰɡЩӾģϤûȥ㡣
ȵ߹סֱۣؽεε˵˼ҿЦġ£շصǺ㶼û˼ҳȥ档𿴹ˣǳȥɡЦţͷɨһϵ顣
鷿ͣܲͷ˵áҲ÷ˡ˰̫ˣü춼ûꡣ߰ɡ
Яߣܲһܹܣ˾ҪԺʱҪʱ衣
⣬ūס
뿪ܹܲŵؽ鷿Ÿܺվţ˼
빫ӡ
Ŷˣ
ǵġͻȻˣūûסȵ°ɣūŸ衣
֣£üƬ̲˵ȻȥЩ
ܵ߻שСԺͿ図ڵԼӣ㡣˵㲻ڡ
Ŷ
ڵпӻȥӺ߳áУ̲ʱӧͻϮСפأҿʾܼʱˡǴˣЩӲص
һüʣô׷ٵģ
áĹ˵ǻһֻɫܣ󸡣Сġ
û뵽ӧֶΰٳɰнҡƬ̲̩ҵľٶǸ˭Ӵûкһҽᵳ
ǡ
図ܵ߷վԭ˼һٴνֱֺܵ
ʱɴӳֺĲųƽһС˹һʹӲ·صϣ߷ءţǰһ̸վһϮơһһϲ߹ȥеСǡ
߷£һһɵһЦ빫ӣ⡣
ǰȥģ
ȥ߷
ԣɶʱܾлڣתһ˵ûʲôöȥǱ߰ɣ
ǱģҲƽȥģͷӦ
һˡܵĸɫ̣ǸӰѩͼʣ빫ӣôõǸģ
֮ֻǽһáӽˣѾԭ
Ŷ㣬̲δһӣû°ɣ
ת˵δΪٷеġ
û׷ļƻתԶݵ½Ҷʵܵܵ£б߳һϮ죬㣬Һء
ȻǶپɨˡ¡ûž͵֪ţ֮£ڸǰ͵ͷѰһļڵشѹͷаЦ߹㣬εεЦʣ빫ӽء˵һ̤ġղײգȥɣ
⻰ǲɵһ㶣̲סһɡ߽üһػش𣺡Ϲ¶̤Ȥܷ㣬ﺣ
û뵽ֱԾܾһ
ԣǶʱɨһãһЦٵ֣ãǸСӡ빫кܶҪпй䡣Ըȥɣøҡ
ع۽һŭ˭㣿
žˡ빫ӣ߰ɡ
á
תɷףҲһץסɵֱۣ빫ӣӦȥ̤ġ
Ϲˡ
˵ˡ
ãקס빫ʲôͳ֡
θɣºݺݵ˽һۡ˦ǰˡΪ׵ͻȻھˣɵͣ˽Ųɡ
ͬʱһ㶣תȥ⣬ܲһȵؿ߰һλˡע⵽ŮӵӺݸ߹ȻעĿȴҶ࿴
û뵽ܲ򸾣æʹ˸ɾ˦µ֣ת񣺡ݼ̩¡
״һãѵ㿴㣬˿÷ִ硣̩¡
Ʋãʺ
ǣܲԾظЦСǣˡþò㣬ɺã
΢Цش𣺡л¹ġͦõġ
شһǣһܲɫĿ΢ȴЦʵ£ļҵС㣿
 

230 㸶Ǯ

ܲ߻ŸŮˡδشѾӦŮǣҸϹ¡
ʱĹĵҲ˹Ů°ݼү
ؿ˿£һܲʣСʱʶҼүģ
Ů̷̫󣬵ǰȥ밲Լ
΢ٴδһ£Ƭ̲ʣ˾º½
ǵġ
תһ˼سһɣλӳһأ
˵ЦˡɣšΪ¾չ⣬ʶ
ضɵ߷ڳ䱦治١
ԣٴοɣһЦ빫ܵõµĹգ˳ֺ·ͨѽѹλǧ𶼶࿴޸ǳ
⻰ƺǿ佱ȴ˵ӦüѰ˼ӦȴˣСһཾ˵ˡҺ빫Լó̤࣬ҽѵҡ
û뵽ͻȻôһ仰˶һ㶡Ǹģһɨ˵Цã̤Ǹʱڡ£ǲҪ빫ӺϹĺ°ɡ
²ɣܲЩЦ𣺡ɣæɡСǣѵü㡣Ҫȥ緹һɡ
һضü΢ȴû
оõԼĵ⣬Ǽ˼һ¾ܣ⣬Ůƴǡҵ˵ۡ
ܲһ
״Բ˵£ʱ磬Ʋ߷һۣƷһյ緹١
ɣܲ˳̨ףǺáضȥ߷ϲʲô͸㡣
²ܷŶؽЦŴӦȴٴοһɣȻȵظܲˡУת˵Сǣү٣һӦӦɣ
΢ЦǲЦһ£š߰ɡ
û£˸ܲȥ
һԣؿǵıӰܲѡƬ̣һţո
һ߽߷ͼܾһֻƿû뵽ܲǰٿǺһ΢£ü߹
ܲЦʣҲ⡣ղֵ
Ϊʬæ˺һӣ͵һա
ܲʧЦ͵˵úáҲϲƿ
ʮֶء߷ĶҪֻۣе𡣡
仰֪ǹάǱܲһɣЦƺûһض˵Ůõ鱦ߡ롣
ܲ˸ۣЦ˵ǷȤп֮ӡ£ȥǱ߿
š
Ǹȥܾһ£˹
ǰһŻΣֻۻҡ̾ѣʣ빫ӣЩ칤أɵãѵڸ
Щ䶼⣬ЩԸĻʹҴǶƵģһ
ԭڹ֮
Щǧ⣬˵ڹ
ʱֳȥڹ⻰ȸ빫ӣ˵ܱкܶңɾңԶ죬Ҳͨܵõ˶ı⡣
ˡ֪ģ
ָ̧һֻҡǺа֮У
ⲽҡ졣һصıʯͨ嵭ȴа͸У󻹿鶾ھԶһ֮Уҹûеġ
Ľ⣬зŹ⡣
һϲܲ˵ضϲ°ɡ
л¡ҾҲܺÿ
á
ûйѡ䣬ȴע⵽˸ܾվߵ˵ʲôţתݸһЦ
ڣɰաѰ˼ΰߣȴоԼ䡣Ȼתͷͼ̧Цӯӯʣ빫ӣҾǶԶܺÿ͸Ұɡ
һڵ޲
ǱһɻûشܾѾЦϹ۹⡣빫Ӳƴ֣һʲô԰ɣ빫ӣ
⻰ɽüһת˵˿Ϲϲʲô϶͸ġ
û뵽һǹܾסͬһҲһüһ䣬æȥЦ⡣
ܲһ㶣̶һЦܾ˵öԡضѡΣСǣǽҲɣ⼸˺ܶණ׬ùġͼθǣҪΨͼ
 

231 ˭˭

ܲĻ˵һ㶣ܾȴץסἷңӢ빫ӹ߻ҪۡЭܻ߷Ŀϲ飬žǼ۵硣
ˡܲУʱˡܾ⻰ġɣôˡضСǣǺúһºΡ
ǾͶл빫ˡ֮Ӧ𣬽ЦŽסܲĻ˵Ϲѵ빫˿һѡһѡɡ
±ǸƤǳģﻹܰס٣æ˹ȥһĻǰѰ˼ԲѾ˵СǣȻүϲʲôһɡ
⣬ת
΢΢һЦʾް
һĥǻ߹ȥ
ŮѡΣ˶û˵ЩĬ
˶̣غ¸ѡļΣֻѡһ
СǣôֻѡһЩ㶼ϲܲú֡
лʢ顣СŨױزʣһӡ
ƺָȴһʱû͸ܲĿ¶ɻܾü̲סбһɡĿбӵվţӹһĨЦ⡣Ŀ΢һ˼˵ϹרġѹֹôЩ꣬ɡֹС
öЦԼδޣһЦɪгŮȻܱȽϡҲǴֹУֻǡδˡ
εظأзҶɷûȤԸǰ׷˼
Ǹģ֮ʱҭƿԡܲһ㶣̶ɨһأġܾ˳Ŀ⣬΢оɥ˿ûǵİֱ³δˡ֣Щ㵲ѡ
ᴹƺʲôûֻ˵£ȻѡΣƲƫ衣
˻⣬ܲ˶ٲףá
Ʒյ裬ܲɫ䵭һ»Ǵˡүܾȥ¥緹
Ѱ˼˦㣬ˡ
㣬ȥ緹ɡҸ빫һͿˡ㲻ùҵġȻɽЦ빫ӣ¿ķ¥ҰѼܺóԡȥҰѼɣҪ㡣
һɣֻܾذǻ빫ӣϹʢȭȭȥɡСǣ߰ɡ
԰㣬һֱչ㣬ظ¹⣬úúôлûʾŰܾκõ
û뵽Щ£ɲһܾЦΪæڹû뵽й¹⡣ˣλԱ㡣ϹҰѼĺܺóԣ
˽㣬ϲѣһػش𣺡ǰɺóˡ߰ɡ˸ۣסɵ䡣
ʧˡ
ɴˡ
ûΪʲôͻȻԼɻؿıӰվŷܾҷԴȰСǣɲǺˣ߰ɣȥ緹
عǾʣˣ빫йڣ
ûУҲû顣شһ䣬ܾͻȻʲôսթ㻹ǵǴԺŻǻұðΪ㡣ܻɡ
֪£Ǿȵؿһ²ʣô֪ǻұ󣿡
իүҲ˵ֻǻұ󡣡
֨֨еĻұʶ˸һ벻ɵˡ
̫ˡ⣬ȻȥҰѼңð˭˭
Ĺĵطһᣬһת˵ˣҾҰѼϡ档ҲȥҰѼɡ

ǳǵģǡ˵ǿ˵¥ֻһӰɣ
ԣָܾЦŴӦ
¥ٽֵŸ¡˴ŸֻŰ봹ܿ¥ŸģӰ
Ƴȥ׼ҰѼɲ£ϹճΪ㣿
Ц⵭תζƺϷʣƺ棬ƺ²Ծһ죬ʶصЩӵ˵Ҳҽ㡣ǣǣ˼ҹ㣬ԣ㡣
һ˲ЦЦؿ˿ǧĳܳˡ
빫ӹǫˡôвŸɣҵҲ㡣ǼûŻ֮ҲҾ˾˱ǿöࡣεգۣԥ˸ѡ
һӣʣȴͻȻסһֻһϮ¶ŽεüĿЦ빫ӣ⡣
 

232 ҹ

û뵽ˣ³Ծתͷȥɷ羰˵ſ˵ôˣҼǵ㲻ϲѼӵġ
һۣǵЦ𣺡ϲҰѼãԱɡǱȥ
»ش𣬸ηӦعԵˣǱ߰ɣҰЩ
ŲԶȥɶŸԵܾûɵֽûо˿תͷɶһæץסҡΣ빫ӣ
ع뻹ǰŭɫس֣µһŵʣϹ˵¸ңʲô£
ǵã°ϲȷʵҪ㡭֪ҽȥ𣿡
΢üȴƽ޲ȥ
صЦЦ˵㲻֪ɣҽ㶩׵ģǸǸ淸Ϊıȫ塣
ŶΪûǣ
ΪҵǾٱıĹʵ۲ҽ㣬Ҫˡм֪
ʲô
գۣЦ£
Ŀ΢ƺνЦЦϹﲻ˵ˣ֪
Ӳ磬¶پɥĶæǿ˵˵¸йϵ
üëһɹⲻ˵
²²͸ʲô˼ҧҧֻ˵ҽ㶩׵Ǹˣм񡣡
˵м⣬΢΢ҸǸ˳񣿡
š¿϶صͷ

ˣ´ϲæװһͬģ֮ǰҽ󽫾Ķüȥ㣬־߷һֱǸˣֻǰ㵱
ţɫЩ֣ƺ԰ɡ永
㲻֪永ҽԭԶӡˡ
ӹһĨӣʣСɡ׵ʱŶ󣿶ûôǸˣ
ʵһ¸Ҫ˵㣬ȴ͵˽صĻ̻˵ߵĻ˵Ҿ˾˼Ҿ˾˸㳤Ǹˡ֪ҽ㾭߷˵ҽ㳤Գ
ô㣿ƺô£
ȷʵϸݼҵĹӣȻֻǶϾǴ󽫾ҽȴãͰòСҵȷʵٹʡҲûʣĸ˼һأ˭֮ġ
˿òʣϹ㣿
Ҳ¡°ѽظ׮׮ɣߵڰ׵ذѽڮٵһͿ
˵Ƿǣɼһ䣬ȻʢһҰѼЩ¡ϲŪȤͰҵ¶˵
һʱĬĬᴩŲ鵽µЩʼĩѴﵽĿģ˵ϹʱˡһҪ߷¡
Ǻá߰ɡվΪεлÿɷƹ˼䣬¥ȥ
һŸдʧڽֽǣ뵽һֱûѻ𣬲Ծü
һĲɣܾ˵ʲôζ˼һ²ʣСǣɺϤ
һǻعͷ
աҰѼ㲻ֹ𣿡˵ҷԴȴǴס˸ɵۡ
˶빫
ֻǾ͸ŹŹ֣Ҳ˵ѰˡܾԼɵĿ˵˵
û뵽ܾǵ͵һʱس˼Ƭ̾˵ˣ߷İӶܸģֻ鷳ǱûгͻģΪҡ
ţѰٻ԰¸ܾĩ˵һΪҳͷŸΪһεִܳɼܲСԩΪ빫ӸǸЩ£ҾֻΪԱ߻ӣ챦⣬ⱻ졣
еأܾĬƬ̲ŵһЦʬܲʵǸ
ǰ
ֻ·ĺģܾ̲סʣСǣƺȥ߷Ϊʲôأ߷ĿҲжš㾭ȥ⣬
棬ιػ⡣
΢ǵЩӡĬϢǻش𣺡ȷʵܹңҲϣʲôᡣ
һ˲ʣ㵣Ҷ
 

233 ˭

įЩʧǲ֪˵ʲôźãȴԾ¶֡
ǰȡȴһδεǷǰʶ졭ƷĲŸɣмչˣȻڣԼģֻʶ
Ƭ̣ػش𣺡ȷʵİΣҰѴΪͬԸ

ˣֶƾ׸Ĺв١ͷǴ˿̲ѣڲǺޡڳã⳸⡣빫оʱ򣬴˲ģǶһʱſܽΪ绢ΪҵԵĲ
ܾⷬĬȻЩɬö˲
ЩԳ˵Щʲô̺ˣƹһ˵
˵
ʣƹ߽˵˴ݹ٣ԡʲλ˵մͣԷԸСȰǵ˵͸Ŀ
Ȼܾӹһ˵ҰѼѼɽ֮ʳˮӸ֡
ϸ꣬üëһʣΪʲô߷ҰѼʲô֣⣬ôණ㹻ʮ˳˰ɡ
С˲֪λӵ䡣һλͬģһҰѼһ裬㣬һӡԸһҰѼ͸ԺһλϹӣԸҰѼѼռӵ͵߷
û뵽ɾȻ˵͸Լܣܾըˡڣ뷢˳Ŀ˵ǻԡаɡһһˡ
лˡƹϲ̵ˡ
һԿţǲµЩܾһƣͻȻúܺЦɹ˼ӣҧסס˺һᣬſסԼȰ˱빫ӿЦġ
ɹҲ磬Ƕ˵رϴԺֻұ󼷶ңôһ治֪ʲôôΨһĺôǡŸ
⻰͵صҲ̲סЦ˼˵ˡǾù֣Ͱ˵ͻ߷ɡҲΪ̩˼ΣƣֲܲүӣҲôܾ͡ػصɵĶ翪ѡ
ѣܾȴð˶ԲߣһˣСǣá
գգۣûȰǽϾ
ĺʱ֣һʢϯ͵̩¥˵Ҳ͵߷ؿ˵һᣬ図ץһֻѼȣźҡͷ¥ĶȷʵóԡһЩá
ȴѻúܡԣûһۣ֪ԣ޳һ
һĲˣ図͵Цһ£ת˵ӱҲǰүӡĹӺǮβʲôġЦ˵꣬һĶͷת߳ȥֻݹһţ㲻ڣ˷š
üɲһͷβֻ֣ʱ̣ңݡ
ٴοһ飬һתͽƹԸǰ˼ε˵ȥḮ
ƹȻӣƹܾ⣬ƽУ
İùһֽһӶͣһȥ̫ΪʬңǸҰæģʹһ롣
˴˿˽ֻóǡ
ʱ̣ɽңݡ
ңྩأи輧衣Ůղˣңྩʿϲķ֮ءҹиСɸ䶼ĿƷ̸Ц
ɸһŮ¥һ£ܾ衣ϸ߷ȥ˵ɵ顣
ʩʩȻ߹ȥ£һظԼһƷƬ̲Ϊ˽԰Ӳ̤֮ءǴ۽硣
ֱ̧òʣ㵽˭
΢΢üɫʣ˵ûסҳݣ룬ʱѾ˵ģ֪δף
ߡװɡҸ㡣һۿ߷˺ҹУ˳ǱǸʱ˸Ȥǣպٱ㣬Ȼ󳶳ʬɣ㲻֪Ǹ
΢һʼ磬һɵʣҹУˣ鰸Ҫ֤ݵģ֤𣿡
Ƭ̣ܾЦ֤ݣɣǹ٣û֮λ޴ǣ
 

234 ֮

ûشҲû˵ɴ裬صһ˿˵ɺȣƺûܾв
ܾҲ˵ͬƷŲ裬˼
հù졣
֪Ĭ˶ãɲŻ̧ͷܾһһٵʣҹΪ˺£
ÿɷʣиֵܽӦ޳
ԡ
ںδ
ЦЦڳ֪ʱ˴ˣ
һᣬܾ˵ңٸ㡣ش˵ƵǰӰѩͼ͵껨իġǸܾˣ˵֪׮ԩͷ˻Ժʬǡ
˶٣˽˰ڵ갸ʬĶžɣ٢˾ФԪּʣϴġӼ߰ߣӦãǶ׷ʵ۵ˡɣµúãҪΪǶǱ䡭Ҫ͹ʵۡ
ǷڵϣΪҽ˵ʵ֪ӰѩͼС͸ҵģֻ´ţΪðա
ܾȥ
ĬȻã˵ڵϣٻ
һҹ䣬׮ŲһûŤǡûΪޱƫִˣĿѸһݱĸͬܣĸһЩϤ΢ʣкóܾǸӡֵýύΪУͬһŮˡ
߳ңʱֽǵĺڰתӦ޳
磬û°ɣ
ҡͷ˵޳ߴңҹܴ߷ߣԽԽ࣬׸ˡ
һӦ޳æʣʱ
һҹгǱӧ¸ңܾҲšǵķػ©

Ҫ㡣Ѱʱȥһ⡣˿
´һСĵġ
ʱ佻˼ܾԼ󰸵ķԼɵĿԽԽľ䣬߽
С㣬̫һ¨ӳβϺ˵䣬㵽Ժ緹˵ھ͢ǡүǰ佱ﶮ˵СΪãֻ¶Ϊ
ü⣺ͻȻתˣ˭
Ӹû͡ǰţǲҦ˻šһգСһظҦֳŸšն̾ʹС˹СûžͳȥˣȴȥүǰʱҲڡ
Ϣ˼һ¾ʣ뿪ʹȥҵȻ佱Ķ£
ǵġ
ȲѣƬʣ̼ǵ֮ǰҲһΣ֮󲻾ã
ΣͷҼǵǵġʱС㱻ƽڻ飬ү˵ѡŮֳЩº󣬶̽˹ֳԺ£֮Ͳˡ
ŻظЩȻ
ѹֶͻȻƼװȡҪֳ裬Ѱȳǰͬˮ𣬵һ˹תԣıߵġá
ֶͦκ۹ģ빬껹ѧ˲¡ܶ٣Ʋˣûָ޽Թ֮ңӮһأ
˺ܾãͻȻʣ̣춯𣿡
ûʲôԾġǡܣ̿ң֦Ҷһ£Сŵʱֵҹʱ򾭳ڴ
佻Ǽ𣿡
֪Ϊʲôôʣɻ˵ǣˣ
԰ҹĴʲôأţץס̨Ƭ̲ŷԸȥһ˺Ծĸô˵
գǵ̫ԺԳβϺͳ˸ͬķȥ󣬸׺š
ȥº̻ҹŻظȻȥ㵤¥
ЩӣϹÿջظ͸һļɫģ㵤¥˸ƻʱڻ³Էһϼҹ¸ľ̨衣ʱƻչڻ¡
ǸҶ㿴ˣһƾľ˵̣Сˡ
תһüһЦϡ͡ү㿴Сˡ
ϹҲŮ΢⣬ʣǶ£
һ۾ģЦ𣺡Ҽһλãĳ˾ǹʽĸҴĴ䡣ס﷽Щʵײף
Ŷĸң
ŵڣղ
ԣĿһתүȻ½үĹ֮ǹڸסЩӰɡ
 

235 

û뵽ô˵ϹЩ⣬ʣŶôôĺ
ү½үȻɱϾݡ˷˷ˣСΪдȻ׵ġеӣסһӲ鶼˵ùȥ˵أ
һȰ˵ţת˿ǣЦʣС㣬½үǽι֪ǹĳʲôĸѽ
תĹ⣬ǵһЦûλߣ֪Ȥλסһɡ
԰ү˼û֡ʹӦλסɡ
һСѾͷʲôֹ֡һ䣬²ǵͷȻǹ֮ظסЩӡʱ侩ǡ
Ůлл
Ǹˣתͷ˵үϲ䡣ѵø˸ϰĹ˼ҿ۽磿
䣿˭ȣ
ү˵Щܶ೯ﶼЩֻ輸λһ£㵽Ϊֹòã
ϹºЦ˵СҴӦ㣬˰ɣ
үˡүã
§ϹµĲ֮ʣǻص佻¶Ƭ̣Цһ¡
һԾ֪ˡǱģҹԺǱ¿̽ΪӰ
һӿ̽ʱ䣬ѩ
ʱҶ뿪ǣӧʧȥ˴ıضʲôϵӧѰҶټѰ
ĥţٴܵ˵ġӹһ˿⡣ϸ˼ž븮ʱ;ٶȴɻ
ƺΪҵġҵӧʲôã
佻˼žĵḮź԰ＤսӦ޳ӦԼܾȴһԲε򡣽غϣӦ޳ľͱëˡһԭĿƣһ䣬ж
սغϣܾʽȻһ٣һػһߣǶȵӦ޳˲Ӧ޳Ųæһ⣬˲䣬ܾȴͻȻ˰벽˳һһػӦ޳Ľֱ򢡣󾪣Ӧ޳룬ٶƽֱ̡
СܾؾȣӦ޳ضнĽ̴ܾأ˾ܾˣͬھ
ֵɲǣӦ޳Ťƫһ֣һѹбϸ΢ı仯գۼͰܾƵǡ̫ܾǷؾȣһ̴ߣӦ޳ȴɵرܿҪ淭ת֮䣬ܾҪܸˡȴڴʱһԺ֮Ӧ޳ĽӰ²ֱȭΪƣ㰴Ӧ޳ءӦ޳Ҳˡ
ͬʱͣסֻ۱˴˵ţ˭˵
Ƭ̺Ӧ޳ڵأʣӮȴɱңױƵģ㲻֪𣿡
ջ֣վʣӦԪʲôϵ
͵Ӧ޳ûش
ѧǹģ԰ɣ
Ĭһ£Ӧ޳ʣΪʲôʩչ𹳡
Ҽǵûͽܵġ˵ĶŮѣ㵽˭
ɲشӦ޳ʰϵĽסһ͵ĶǹСڵǹӳ¹⣬͸ᡣǸǹһͬİɫ
ܾû
ḧǹƬ̣Ӧ޳һһٵػش𣺡ǹҵҵģǹ
ܾһԪʮ꣬ճɣÿڽУһӦͳǹҼϲָָ̡֮꣬䣬̹ǹͲֱȥ߾ĥ
Ȼ̾ͣ˺һʣȻߣΪʲôҪһ֪ݣŹġ
ɲӦ޳һᣬҸ𣿡ʧϡ
һ԰Ӧ޳ͣ£ͷ˿ܾתһưܵĸ¥һŰʯǰվš
˴˴Ƭ̣ɿżɽʣ˻ۣ֪ôģ
ֻǾ޳ʶû뵽ֱֻĸҴ·ɣ㵽֪ʲô
ЩĻشɶ˶ٲ΢Цƣ˱ĴЩ
ڵ갸ʱҡţ޳ҹУݸ򸮵˸ҵǱˣΪ˽ҷضٱ̲ܵ˳ڳʬٴȥӴԡ˲ɣµúá
ʹµɺЦˡɴɿ˹ҽǣ޼Ѱľ磬һúԶ
 

236 

ԣܾ߹һʣ永ûļ룬Զʲôϵ
ǣҵĶˡ
ʣǣΪΣ
α֪ʣ
£ü˿Ӧ޳ĵŮӳոǣǵԥһ£ʣΪ׮永
ҵûıȻʡԩ
һ˲ܾٴοɣԶȷ£ʱҲڹ㣬֤𣿡
ˣν֮λ޴ǣο߱λ
ٿȻܾüһòصʣ߱λ㡭ԾؼһܾĬòȭƽһĵӿɬʣѵԶûд
һּͳ˵Ӧͳѱ䣬Юֻʺ̫ӣԱ²ƽѡԶıžͱرΧûл͡ɱ
䣬ɱ˾ȫǡԶӦΧӳ߽Աɱճɰ׵ءļҵףõĹԱ춼͵ش׾޶ʹӽԲ⣬ŮȻʵĽ󲿷ڹսҴıΪѵʾڡ˽Աɱʱ̲ɣΪѵųնεּ̲ʡ⣬֮İûֻϹµһ֮ʣӧƽѵʵ֤
ʵ۵ǻ֮켺ܶ฻˼ץסܸ֣ݲкȨƺнУ׸ȴӶǺͼ״ʵǲةȰɣ̲;׸ġ
Щľܾ˼һ׷ʣ֪Щ㣬㵱ʱھǣ
ԡ޳֮ǰŸԣɽﶺһҹǳɱ
ʣĬò˵ɣİ׮׮Ӿ롣ӱû֤ݣҲỳġǴˣӧǡ㵱ЩɡЩ¿һ٣ʵע⵽Ѿǻʵˡ
ÿɷֻ˵ˣĹֶͣƽơ
˳ǣһӦ޳޳аʦ֣֮мѣѰҡ硭Һû飬ùʡ
ʧҹĻˣӦ޳ͻȻ˵壬ҵʽΪʲôҲϲŮ
һ̶ɰѵ˵û֤ݾͱŮҵ֤ݣС
ߣҿ϶ҵ֤ݣǱԻ󡣡ǹӦ޳Ӷ־ˡ
֪ɼûִǱҹ
˻ص߷ܻ԰ͼķվͥԺһźӰϴˬ˵ģϲʦ֣˺ˣ
һķҡҡȣƲ˵ˣˡڣˡ
Ǿͺá˵ǱΪ㡭
һӣ̾ŮҪǺ糷ֵˣֻӦ䲻佱Ӱ͵ֱϣצӽ˼
һζ㡣ԼɺЦѣ⹧άһ䡣
ͷʾķǲʣȥܾΣ
ʼ磬淢պﰸܼ
˼һ£ף׸ǣܶࡣǰյϢ½ҶڶҺңҵԮ˿ڰӪˡ
ӧˣ
ԡķǰڼ侩Ķ˵һ飬ȻѣӺڵ갸ߣʥ֮ǰӧҿӧػص̽㣬Ҫڻʵǰ˵
˼Ƭ̣ɵͷ֪ЩǶڻشãֻҪھ¶棬ȫ
䣬Ӧ޳תȵ˭
һӰӰ߳ժĺɴӦ޳һۣûòСС

Ŀбӵش߹Ӱݳһţ磬СǽҸ˵ıضӧйϵ˵ʲô

ʦֵ˶һæһ꣬ȵʣʦ֣˵𣿡
ķϸһ飬㵲ѣ˵ģ
ʲô˶һ㶣ʡ
ķɣߣȥ֡
ʧںڰӰҪϣӦ޳һקסȥ
һۣ֡УȥĲҪͬ⡣ٹ£˦ӰԾܡ״Ӧ޳üǸȥ
 

237 ľ

ʱ鸮ֻ㵤¥ǰɡ̨ϣ¹³衣ңӰȺڸϡ
һ̺һֹͣ貽бһ¸Ŀӹһ˿ȻµϹ£Ц̡ǡʱϹ۲ĺͻȻһһϢʧһɱʧصشˤȥҸһϵĺӰӦתͷ׹ء
飡
̺ѾǣʱһƬ
˵
ץ
ˣ
УһӰȰ֣ˤµĺ԰ȥʱܼҴŻǸˡӾлعϹ͵İ׷
״Ĵǣһ˿Цƻүֻǲؽʲô䡣˰ѸԺϸϸѲ飬©
áվ˵ģѲ飬һҪץס
үլŮ㣬ҶӴȥЩҶһۣٴ顣
áȥ
Ҷȥ
԰ͬĺӰܵһɽ棬ֱ淽ȴһɣסؿڵأڽµգۼѪɫʾ֪۾Լϼ㼸£һվǿĿڷӿƸУһ±ײײͬĶȥ
佻ǻû˯ǰ˯ˣΪ˯šÿʱǰͷۣȴ˵ۡóģûиκˡ
ոԡ£ڷڼͷжױݵԵóˮܽذĽġԸ塢ȥϢϨ˵ƣߵǰ¹⣬ҹͷ硣
ر۸Ƭ̣ͻȻһ졣ëһæһͿһ˫ڵۡĿ˸š
һ˲ػعгѾסˤת䣬ůĻٴһǿ׳ֱ۱Լӵ͸ȶĲ֪˭
¹ײܵ͵𣬡ҡĴĲůϢڶ࣬Ƕپһȣֱߵö䶼ˡ֪Դɿ֣Щѵƿ壬תͷȥŵˡķѾʧȥ֪ĺڽ£ѪϣŹסǲſϵķǣش˸ʱӣֻʣôˣ
԰ûڲУֳĺڽ򴽲Żش𣺡ʲô˭֪ʦͻȻˤжˣƺҲжˡһʱ᲻Ӳȥֻһ¡
һ£æ¹ȥûȿͻȻʳָϸһŲԶ
ƺǸĻ׷ˡ
ͷһ͵ͲȵȡææվҵͲԱܶü䡣
ɸסͲŲȻƽžǳ⣺أҹأС˯ˣ˭ǵѲ飿
ųͣһ£һɤ𣺡ӣȲҪǱ룬үүԸܼڸϸϸѲ飬ÿԺӶ©ΪСİΣСֹУǷɾˡ
㣬ʲô󻰣ĸݵģ
ҽҶ̾ųŭһյţ˹˵ܼ㿴ôڣСһ㶯ûУǹ¡
ǻֱܼƽ΢ü뵽רľģ˶ٲ˵ӣȷʵүԸѲ˵ġȥСɡ
ȳشſˡۣŷǰһձѵķģɨһΣʣҹسʲô壬ӵĹأԺĻôܵ佻ˣ
û뵽Լˣæǰֹǻ߹վҶƬ̾ʣʲ˴СУƺң𣿡
˿壬Ҷǣ̲ػش𣺡ūֻܼҪү¡ҴС˯߯ˣＦɹȻһ㷴ӦûСūҲΪ˴С롣
δ䣬һǶʵʵشҶϣعžְһ¡üһʣܼң㶮أû·𣿡һָҶ
˶ǵľٶסҶǴסʱعоϻۣһǺУҴң
ľ㣡ܼңˣ
 

238 Ҫɱ

ǷӵĽڣƽһɨˣ˹һץסҶҶȴҲ׺簫һһ˦˳̧Ȱһ˸ſû뵽ƽŵˣһļˣˣץס
ǸңҶһɨܣһ
·ϡŸʲôץסŭˣǴϲ
ˣҷƽܼҶ꣬Ȼǳصġһ֣ĸ˹
ҶǸԿģʾȭӭ
û뵽ڳ˾ȲѣȴЦץסһԺץסôôһ澶ץסļ澣ôĵӡȲ֪ء
ڿļ澼ҶԡѪȵʿܵ䡣սУݺһһԶսǣ׹һһбһְγμ˵ǸǰһѿסĲӣᵶԴ
澣ſҡŵףҽ
գۼҸ뾪һǱҶЮ֣ʧɫҲͳ˹ȥſС㣡
ɫһҶϵذѵһ͡ԮǣۿҪײڵϡ

Ǿ꣬һ߸ס֣бһҶףǰȴһʹסͷǰ˸ѪѪ顣
ЮƣһڵءС㣬û°ɡҶĲ״ŵһЩˤȴվס˹סǡ
ǲ԰ûشһŮǰ˵û°ɣǸôôֲѾ߾ȻҪɱ㡣
Ҷ̧ͷȻֱͦͦص£׹أĿ
ʯ涸תƽ˶õ˻ꡣͰΣŻ˻꣬Сĵʣ㣬ʲôˣ
նǷųվɷ˼²˵壬Ҿ˾˵ոһصסҵ֪ġ
һƽ˶پ˵Ҷˣ֪᲻ᡭ
ļ澵Ϊ๼岻õġһᣬҸȥҶǶʱˣߺߵ
ֵزƽЩ㷣Ͼ׷ˣҴҷԸ̧Ҷʬ˵佻Ⱥ
֧ƽһˣǸŽӵģطװֽٻ˷š
ڣһֱ¶ӭ˵С㣬ȥʱ˳ұһһȥˡ
һǼǰһɱۣü򱡴Źֵϣ͸ڡһæĿڣ룬ɣɣ㣬ѣ
޷Ӧ
Ⱦּ֪ܾϣֻôҴһ·ͷȻ壺šסһѲ飬ͰѴŪңױ̨ʰʣһҧ˯ˣ춯ҽҶڮңȥͷ
ţصͷ
룬Ǹˣֶ϶йŹ֮֡ǰ޷ⶾȥ̩ͳֺ취סӧӧȥ߷ԡٸһסģ˳Ϣ
סС㣬㣬ҪЩ
΢Цһ±ʾ˵Ҫڻ԰һ֣ܺõסһ¡ֵԽԽá
һٴοһۺ֪ɣǿѹĵǣȥ⣬Ӱվţƺڿ羰ĿǸƽʧںڰҴ̫ԺӸȥ
ǴŷӰƽ㵤¥ȥʱѾϷ
㵤¥϶Ǿļ˹ļǰ˽ᡣүȥЦһٴ¡
̣ô¡𣿡
ʡ
״ּҵ֪ȤؾҪˣһѾȴҴ˽̣˵佻ֳ¡Ѿ߱Сɱˡ
һڵشӴСѾͷɱˣ
ǰ˵Ѳֵ»ңС㶼ſˡ̫ǲأүǰ״ȥˡ
һĥˣԸѾԼͷ£ﴫͬʱ̫ҲõϢ֪Ҷ佻аæ¸
иԱ֮ʱǡƽ˽㵤¥
ףܻظ״ҶǸҪɱңӰظŵؽеŮˡܼǴ©ٳ׺ļôŪ˸
 

239 

û뵽ˣҶɱˣϹ³һȴҶôˣ
Ҷˡܼڵؽ佻˵ҪѲ顣û˵ѣҲиذɡһָҶʬ壬ŭŮ澣๼ʲô𱰣Цң̡ҽѵһ£ͷҪɱҡͼӴ׵ذȥҶĨһһתҶǸɡ
û뵽Ҷ֣ˣһϹȴӾȣæʣƽô£
үҶѧ䣬˭֪ʱײ˴С㣬Сͽ䣬ЮִС㡭ƽѾ˵һ飬Ҳ˵һ顣
üëֱϹ²ɵÿ˿ģŶҶʲô
˵ѹǷŭէϹѯʣĻعüһүҶޭġһĻԺѧһȭԱǸèĹдС˵ô˸ϸЩûʲô档үҶ˵˻ôҲﲻأСѽҶԩ
˰Ϲ²˿վһԵķӰγƺ
ʣӰƳһۼٿ޵ľģ󷽵رȭһ񣺡Ӱݼϴˡ½үоɡǰ˳ǰȥ̽ã롭΢٣һתСǽ˵Ĵ䣬ס﷽Щðǰ˭֪հٺþϳȥһֻҶõЮֽ㣬鼱֮³Щϴ˺
ԣᣬЦڵʣˣүҿָʹ޷ǴСҶ˳ۣ̻ɱ֮졣ҶҵѾߣдҲүҷã˽̰ɣ
ǻش𣬷ӰӦԣԭǾѾߡѾȣڳ˶ˡʱ˭֪Ѿ߻ɱ֣Ҿвʧ˷ִ硣ﲻˣҲ޷˾׸ô˵ô˵
ת˵ϴˣǶˣ¡νūҶõЮСǽ㣬ѰѾߡεŮߣֻһջҸ˼
εظϹ£Ҷ׺ӾıضǸ
û뵽Ӱ˼ϹµĹ۸Уƣĳһһʱ벻λת
֮ʣ˽Ϲ¾һί˵үôҺģܼҸ꣬ȴ޷ִ磬ץĴҴѷƶŻˡ
ϹϸʣԾذƽŻĴתҶһָֻŵһ飬ҶѾôôأһҫ˳үĴŻǡٻļ澣ôźáãúúùܹҪֻΪݽ
벻̫ҲҶĲüû˵ٴżˣ̫Ҳ˽
٣ǰϲһת˵áǸҶѾʲô֣ŪģȻѧģҪɱҡ
֪ҶЮǵ£էһʣҪɱ㣿
ǰֱˡõҵĲӣһҾͱɱˡ⼸㵱ңԺѾܵһ¡ڵǰ̺һ裬ҵΣգ
һ
״̫һɨľ˵СôףŵˣҶǾõѾߣҲǾù̲ܽϣʲôɣ
԰ҶǾõѾߡ迪˴С㣬ǾõΡ
үõѾô׺ѲءôѾߣˣڸ
˵Ǿù̲ܽϣ¥ļ˭֪ʲô۶ӣźء
ץᣬؽⷢӣҶȴġ
öһһԼзһ˿⡣Ҷǰŭûӣѹѹͷһ¾˵үλöڱҵĲǡץȥ
Ϲ¶Ҷģȴ£ƽ׽أ
Ĳ⣬ƽ˸ͻ˿޷ֻùش𣺡үǸϵ佻ΪѲҶ˴С㣬ִͣû׽ˡ
ѽү㿴¶ˡҶ϶ɣ˵û׼СйϵԴСŲѲ顣ү׽£׽ɡ
 

240 Ҫ

ע⵽ĸǶһĥˣ˵ǻ׽ҪүѲ黹ҪѲģãᡣ
Ƕô˵
϶Ļһǵش𣺡û˵ò飬ҶǸ˿ڳԣøƽϡܼңȥѰɡ
΢٣ƽ̲סһ·ӰûӦһϹѯʣһӼææܽصүˡںץ
ʲôϹڵغȥ׽أȥ
ƽɱϹڸĴҴܣôӵۡվţٴð԰ӰһǶſֵ˼ЩƳһ·Ӱת˵үǶ¡õһȣѾ
š
ȥ衣Ըһ䣬үĲҪЩ
⣬ʣӦȥ
㵤¥Сҡˮӣѡ̷Ը裬˵үĲҪЩ㣬֪ʲô˼𣿡
𣿡˯էִ˸飬˶̧ͷ֤û
ûСˣ㻹˯ҡͷ˵Ҷð˴С㣬һɱˡС״Ҳڣѵðˡ
Ҷˣ
ǰء˵ˡϽɡ
һۣ˵֪ˡȳȥ̽ˣ裬ܿ졣
ˣСվƬ̲ߵСĴߣӼӸߴȡһľһƼġ򿪣ڶһֻɫо磬Ǻ𣬻䵽Ҹߴᡣ
Щ΢ɬζɢȥ
֮ʱ鸮ԶһլƻϨˣϵȱۡһֻһģһĺɫߵĵƼϡһᣬƺоʲôڴϣᡣڵϢۿڵԾ齣ٴӴԾԺ￴鸮ķ룬һ־ϢӰͬʱ
ʧ¹¡
ӷųʱƽŻϵ˾Ÿ󸽽ֻһ˻ߵĲҽС
ȥ
ڼѾǱڵϣʵ·˷ҽУȴˡƽæܹȥ£С㣬û°ɡ
ˣƽŵ˻´Ϣ˼£͵ؼôģȻŽ
ְʧְСܾˡأ
ô֪ǣŶǱˡ
ţƽԸѾƣټԺеӽ䱸ԼŻ׷ȥû׷үϽԺһкһڣ˵ͷȥոϵ佻ֺ㣬ƽֻһεͷܵ佻󸽽ֵҹСܼңʲкӰԽԺǽʧڸŷ򡣡
ţ
ԡ
׷
ݺŸƽܻشŻǸŷ򡣸ϵŸʱһӰӹԺǽССС
׷
ǻһ׷ϡ
ʱƽŻǻػˡ
үְܡˡְһ·׷ϣ׷źԶʧȥ١ϹƽԥһӲͷƤ˵С㣬үţŸϻӡ佻Ѿ˵ԺǽǿӰתߡ
ûץܵıʲôã׷޹Ϲô
磬ƽͷѵ
ˣתͷ˵үɱǧ̫ˡҪǴСҶ˿϶ܲҾáҪ٣佻ѾӶ󡣡
󣿡
԰û׼ڹ
ɨ˾һۣ̫˵үҾòڹȥģƺϵ·ڹȥ֣
ǰ˵㵤¥û׼Ǹǳžġ̫һǣת˻⡣
߽㣬Ϊʲô˻žأϿһ٣һ½ס硣
ǻ̫һЦ㵤¥ĶرֵǮС㶪Σ˲͵Ϊѽ
˵˵ͻȻˤʱ衣˵Ϊ˿ġЦЦ
еһ趯֪ٸӵһá
Ůһһط̾šԾģٰ֣װûͬšȴԽԽһŭסڡүۿˤҺθɣһ䣬תϹί˵ү㿴ǶڮңҪֹѽ
 

241 ڹ

ŸϹЩ꣬ӻֳһʡģ׼ٽͷ
̻ģŮ޲Ŀȴٳ֡
׳ͻȻ˵Ǳ뻹͵ܹϢٰɡ
Ϲһ㶣٣
԰öѵϢˣ鸮ȥ
üϹ²
鱨٣Ů޲ȡٿϹ³˼ĥţƤЦⲻЦʣС㣬Ǳ٣ɱҶô˵
ô˵ô˵ȷʵҶõЮңֻǾСһ¥ļ澣·ϣ˻áѵﻹӣ
赭дµٳһ¾ģʣãҶѾߣأ
벻ͨΪҪ٣Ŀһ۷ӰðҶԩһҲϣòסǲʧ֣Ⱦ׸ˣ뷽һΪá
㿴Ҳͬⱨ١ҹۡٵģ飿
ԣϹһݺݵŮһۣ١
壬²˳٣ȥ׸û׼ü˴׿ϣץסᷢʩ
һүƽͷǡ
ƽ˸׸ˣһɨ飺Ȼ٣Ҿø˰ѸԺһ£ʣ©ʲôڹþ׸ץ˵ȥ
ڹ
԰ȳ㵤¥Ҳú֡˵͵ԣ㵤¥ıȷʵࡣͨ籨ţô֪أ
˶һ㶡
Ůúòһ¡Щ꣬Խˣ˭֪ʲô·һ飬Щ·ģȫ򷢳ȥһǳӣǸ鷳
һɨŮǼ̵ѣ㵤¥Ҫúõز顣ȻҶˣ˵ﻹ˹Ϣ
ǹȻָԼĿһС⻰ʲô˼˵ڹ¥
Ҿúܿܡ˵Ҷȥ֬ѵĶȲЩоɫҿҶǳȥ˽ʲô˰ɣھ֪֪ҪԼˡüһĿ¶ơ
Ŀһ
ŮΪضҶйءЩ꣬书ѾߣõЮӣŮŻˣܼҲˡȾ׸ˣҪǵƲԼ˵壬ξڵˡ˿ɲһס˾ĶݺݵĿ⣬Цһ񶾵ѡ
սŮ̲סġߵɷף˫ĵ۾Ҫקסָ˺ôѹסӿЦش𣺡лСġȻ㿿ɽ࣬һǾ˾ˣһСүӻˡһһ٣㣬Си书ǿŮ˵ʲôأ
һƺֻǼϹ¡ٵĶȴһζһٲתؿ˷ӰƬ̣üʣʷＸʱģ

һ£һɨּҵģпԶΪû
ǽ԰ҵ佻󡣡Ӱһĵ˵Сǽ˵ȥң鸮ķأˡϴ˱ˡǸһǽ̫ͣ΢øߵ׾ܽ˻ǷǱ͵ԣδʲôڹ
⻰Ϲ˵һ㶣̲סʣ㣬ģ
̧һָǱеǽ㲻ţҴȥ
Ϲ¼ʣһüңڽأúõĹǽ֪ʲô·ү˵λſأþ׸˺úʡ
ߡǽôˣֲ͵
˭֪͵͵
ǻû죬ƽСŽž׸ۡ
һڵ̣ЩԾ뱧ȭʣϴˣְˡ˵֪ʧΣںδûְҪ鿴ֳ
ﶷ˶һ˴
ǳһ٣˵㣬ȴּҵ͵
Ѱ˼ʲôԺݺһСܵࡣּҵģܼҴ˳ȥʧ
ǡ롣
ȥ鿴ֳˣѯɼ¼
һ£ĵһͼӴװ㵤¥Ϲ·ԸץҶȴӰɱ¸״Ȼ˵ˣҶԩɱ˵ɣ˲һ
˿˿Ӱƾ֤
 

242 ıԲ

ӰŲæóһҳҫݣ顣ԾذԼĿҶЮ֣ʧֵ¸һ顣
꣬ʣҶʬڣ
档
ȥ
Ӱ߳ȥһǡݸҪȥ׸һˡ
ţ
ҶѾߣֻ֪³Ҫȥ׸´ʡҵǶƷ٣׸ûʸܣֻǿԹ㡣ôͰɡ̬е˵ţȴӹһ˿
ͷһðƵĸо
ϹҲⷬɵÿһŮûг
æµîʱ׸۲鿱ϣʬȻ˵ϴˣҶЮϴСȣӰʧɱں󣬰Ҫ永˷ѯʡظ£Ҷֻо֪ǻһ˸á
û뵽˵ˣü
˵ˡãȥɡһҹүϢһ°ɡ
үҡץסϹµֱۡ
˼һ£Ϲ˵¡´ܻˡҶ˾ˣѡõѾ߸ʹ
ɡ
ܼң;ȥţ껰ͽӻ
̣롣
ҧҧĻѹסվ
׸۴ŷӰˡﵽĿģǰЦһˡ
ŮȥϹĿ¶˼վһᣬû٣̫ȥˡԼٰһڣת˵ĻĥŷӰصػϷȥˡ
佻ǽɣɲˡģǾ壺𣿡
СġǸһǾˡҸСһûŮһȽϺơȰסǸ׵ģ빫ӡܿҾҲϺͻȥˡǡʲž׸۹鿴СķԸûʰ
Ů
ĥһ£ǲµ˭Է°ۡ
ǲףҪ磬ͱץˡӣӡ
Ƭ̣ٴɣǲټƽϣ佱˵úáסһҪؿƿ
֪
ȥϢɡЩʰ
ȥ˯ˣٴһ½£ûپĲ١׼һᣬһ졣һæתһһ˳ڴߡ
ô
һ䣬ʣѾժĺڽҴ߹˵ϴС㣬図ðˡʲǴ߹ʱ
Ļסͻش˸ҧסæʣǹ𣿡
û¡Ӧ޳ץˡ

һ£図˵ϰҾȱ߹ӣȻڸתһȦߵ·ءҸȥԮɶֺ£ǺҲ岻ΧߣϺ󣬿ҷؽӦʱֻĽȭʧˡ
Ҳǣ޳˵û֪⣬ѾҲ˵סǸŮġûеĻɡ
ûشҲϾƽɣǼ©ںδƬ̣ش˸Ծطһ£ǿѹסĻţ˵ȥ״˸߼λǶˣľϾ뿪ɡܼȥ׸ٺѾ߳ȥ衣ҶˣԺߣһ˲ѵġҴˡ
図Ȼӧˣ
֮ǰֻ²йϵǹҹ̽㵤¥ȴж֮ôöĸ֡Ǳضӧ¡
図һ
ϢأӦ޳ܡӧôأ
ĬĬ߶ţ͵뵽ʲô̧ͷʣǽ˶𣿡
һ図ĬĬҡͷĹҽͬޣԼ˶ǻ֪ô졣
Ȼ׸Ӧ޳ȴܣӧض֪ģһ˵ʵѲ߷ǹ˶νͣңӦ޳߾ͺãӧЩףǴס˻ǿԼסյ幫ӣ˿ң˵ȥȡʱ䡣
ص飬図򴽣ͷ˿̣ɡķ̵£Ӧ޳ʧ٣֪ȥ򣬼֪ξΣΪһУѡš
ɿҳһľƬ̣ǰѼַĩϵһᣬװõݸ図ЩĩӴƤһ̾ͻᷢжɫ죬Բѣէȥ빫еĶѷĩȥ䷽跨ȥ䡣ﲻѾΣߡȻȥֺȥ߷ٱ١
 

243 ֲ

һдš
ˣԷ߲Ϊּ̲иǷֵЩݵ㡣ӧڳҲ²ǼץӦ޳ҲͳǹѺġ㻹Ҫȥ̩糯ʱһǶǵסʵۡӧҪԸǱضּ̩ڣûᡣ
ı図ЩȣɵʣȻأ
ӧӣõʱֻаայžͻӰԳȥҽ
һᣬ䣺Ҹ߸Ҷнڹסģӧ֪ʵ飬ǲУЩҩۺˮͿǹϡۺˮƤͻȫһϢҲңҽߡ
ϸϸţ図ͷлҩۺţʧɺڳɫ
ʧĬĬץסָ
ҹ⣬ɡķ˰㡣ҿӰӦ޳лԮΪס׷ðռŭҶ£Ӱڰɱ֮ʦţ״ָģŭȻ󱨹٣ʹ˰ס˾ġ˲ΪӪŵ׷ɺķǡȴϣǰð崫ѶӦ޳ʧֱܣ˱Ƶվ
ɲ˵ҲƲӦ޳ݡһݱ֣ӧضƷѡʱ߷ǲǷѣɵǺˣҪˡˣѪؽ֮
Ȼ˾ʧ֣ǿĲ֣ǰ·Ī⡣
ãǲǿѹ£ȴ˯šһҹĶĿضڿ̽ʱ佻װһ޹ģ塢ͬ÷߷ȻظϢĴֻ˰ѱ
ǿѹ佻װݣ図Ѿһϻ߷ǵĶԲ߰һܵȥ̩ͬʱһ߷Ļܽ˳ֺ
ֺ̣شҴҴŻֱ߷ͬʱװշð侩׸۽Ḯîʱ̣ܾ׼էͷһ
ô£
ˣðˡţ㿴ݳǵš
⣬һǸܾġܾһæʣ޳ӧץˣۼģ
빫ӣӦҹ̽鸮˵Ǹ֡˭֪ж빫˶Ӧڷ·ϱʧˡֻһĽǽӲģ²ʧˡ
ж
ǵġ˰æ
ϸʣܾƬ̵ͷ֪ˡϻȥǵˣֻ»ơˣûʲô׷֮ҵ޳
׷٣
ñʲôζ׷ٵġȻǷʹãһǰ޳ؽ򸮵ĵΣѵҪӲͳ츮
סշѰ˼һţϻȥ뷨ӣ°дˡ
շҴˣܾȭȥ常벻ôҪӧϡӦԪ֮Ը񣬾Ӧ޳İΣڲˡ
ܾɫôôѿϷڣԶԸϴѱϣ緹ûԣֶһȲѡ
壬ҡ΢٣˵ҳתһȦڿ޺˵ʲôƲȾˡŲףæ
Ⱦ
ܡ
Զüྩ꣬δ߲ġʮǰһйܿˡ
ҾΪáһأ
ԶãܼҼææܽˣֺˡ˵߷ļַ˹¡ˣǣɴȥƺʲôֲ
ֲ
ԡܺ˵߷ĻͻȻ˼˵Сҿֻܵܺǲõ£˵
һԶԶʱû緹ˣüϽȥȥһš
ֶϵ߷ԶͼǰҺ壬شżվԶ˵ʲôԶԣ˵ˣöˡƺй·߷˵Ҳˣ˵ļլ˲ĴҲҷԸﳤܵɢءԽ޴ˣ֡
ԾСԶæлܺ߲ȷʵҪ紦ãҡµġ˼һ£ԸĻȥѰﳤʡ
߷ֵʱշԴżӣҶȥĸӡ֬Ľֵ紵һЩĩճ𽥳ŵϡ
ͬһʱ̣һ䲼ׯ´˵Ӧ޳ЦʣǸСʲô֣

 

244 Ц

߶˼£ŻعζŪң
Ҿǽʲôˣ㴩ò·ΪΣûǮġӦ޳طʡ
Ҳ١ֻҪ㣬㱳ŵ˭
ǮұȥҴ򣬲֪˭
鸮ɵģ
ǣǸطۣܲ鸮һ߽֡·Ǵ١ûǮϽҷˣҪȥ١Ӧ޳ںߡ
һԵĺƲ죬ˣӲġץ·Ѿʹһֶ¡ʱһĻһǸ˱ŵˡ
ûʲôˮƽ˵ʵҪ
ЦһӦ޳ش𣺡Ļɡ
һģˡеɫãҿܰáݺݵش򡣡
תȥˣ˻һۣ̾ߡǵһפء
η⣬Ըúÿʵ˵ʵ
ǡǡˣҪҪ֪ˣĺʡ
бһۣʲôȿһ٣ҪʲôûԵúܣ
ס
ɵòģһǵĹ͡佱һ䡣ϹӵѶ˸鸮⣬ǡ˱ӻصӦ޳
ûϹȥƹԸ˵˼ңû׼бջ񡣡
ϹӦȥˡһᣬȴûϸ鸮ڷʲô¡һҹ䣬ҶɱıѺǾԼµģȻָʹֵü˯ȥˡ
ׯƹ֮ʣ糯ոտʼʵ۷ŵǵԶԾ
£ͻȻֲֹȾʮ١ΪȫȰȾĽֵȦȺɢ󡣡
ֲ
ǵġĴҲȾֲֻҽǰΡ
̫ʼ䱸ụ̃ҽҩסó졢ũ൱ӡ߲йƣСʱԶԵ౨ʵ۳Ծ֮׿ϣּ̫ҽԺ
ԶԸˣٹһɧɨһܣ̩˵£бࡣ
ڼϵۣʵ۲첻ѣʣߵܣԼ뷨
ǵġ£ЩЭܻ˰ƴںܴ©ӯ࣬ȴ˰١Сӯȴ˰࣬ȥԹҺ޺ôǶžְȡȻʱһֱõ֧̺ƶȡָܽȻʱڵ֧̺ˣԸҺŵľӪϲ飬ž͵©˰ʵ⡣
аš
ƺûע⵽Ŀ⣬˵ܻΪʩе˰Ҫĸʱ˰ǰӪյ˶ͬӪӦ˰һÿ˶Եֽȴǵһ˰СˡԸ̰أܲ
ʵ۳Ĭһ˲𣿡
еġܲ˿ûֻʵ۵ɫԽԽѿǰԼֵı׶һϸ˵һ٣ԺԺ˸£ʱóȻʱԱȣڿʣѻʵöֱ
û˸ҳ
¡û뵽ܲͥĸ飬ľֵǣЩ壬λһɢֻ֪ʫƷү߿һۡةκĬĬţЩӡٸϹٷȻһϵĻʵۣһܲ˵ͣǰçײ߸˼ϹָܲԼܣպޡ
˵Լĳƪۣʵץץֲѹסŭʣ˵޵ĳ͢һǴ˵ô죿
£׶˲£µӶܵΣȴ㡾ְأúú÷ʡóʵķиĸ
ش꣬ܲת˵ЩǸ£ֻǰԼĿ˵˵ԲԵģ֪ܲɻ˰ƸĸΪбҪ¾ÿУһ¡
û뵽ͻȻı̬ȣʵЩȵʣУ
԰һԣоͼоͻعơ
״¡˼һ¸æз£ԡ˰ƵͬϷôһأ
飬ô֪вУһУѵҪ֣ܲԾؾһ㣬ʮѳԡ˵һųԵģ뻻ζ͸˺աʮѳԣ˵㲻ʺգպųԾǣкβף
һٹٶסˣʵ۸Ǵ㵲ѣʣ˰Ƹĸ
ôܱأ˵δСʣ˰ƸĸֻǴСͬġ
ڽȻ
ĬƬ̣ٸϹٷûзȵЦ˴ͷٹٺƿ˹ЦһƬ
ֻܲܣȵʣ£Цʲô
 

245 Ѱ֮

һ㵣ʵҲ̲סЦʵЦˣٹٸֱЦǰϡĪؿǣܲһɻȴмΣתתʹУ£Ҫ״
ʵۺЦһͣ£ôˣ
£Ҫеˡг֮ʧǷЦģдϳǣǡ
ٴһ㶣̶Ц
Цˣʵ۾ʣǻ˵þ͸СһҪ¡˵ôأ
Ƕˮվ̫ɹʱ
˶һϽةκҲ̲ס˳£̩˵ӻ̫ʱˡ
һ룬ʵȴˣߵܣѧĴ
ʱڹп̫ôŮܲһȻԵõ˵˽ǣֻСʹ롣
û뵽ôش𣬻ʵٴȴôˣѵֻ֡˵ˡ
ŶǣЦġݺݵһ۳ǣܲ˵£ҪͽةࡢٸЩˡǶΪ׵ġ
˵˵Ƕǳ͢ԱǶˮģ
ǡ
׼˵վáѵ˵ܼܵ䣬ʵ۲Ⱥλ仹𣿡
бࡣ˿̩α𿥳ࡣ
ܲһ糯ãɢʱʱˡʵˣٿӧ棬ܲת
ߵܣ㻹£
£ЦˣôЦأ̫ˣֹ
㡭
£㳼˵ˣ෴ȡЦǲԵġǸ顣ܿٸЦ¡һЦϹ¡𿥡ةҲЦˡ̫ˡ£ѽܲߵذѶƷϴԱһ٣ĵҪʵһҪʩԳͽ䡣
ЩʵʣҪôͽ䣿ˮ϶еġ
ٺһꡣЩ˵нٺͣǷٺһ꣬ʡ²ǮܲڵóɡȻƺͻȻע⵽ӧͳ죬˵ЩԱ糯ϳЦǲǰʧǣ
ȷʵá
뿴ͳҲΪд
˿ܵܣʵ˼һỹ˵аɡһ̫ˣһ°ɡ
Щɡ
׼֡㿴㣬СǼ˼Ц㼸ͲġҪ˵Цʲô
죬ƺ޴ܲ˶ٽŲɸŻʵۡ
ɸţʵʣ㻹ʲô£
ûǮˣ¸ɡ
ֹתʵⲻѣûǮˣ
̯̯֣̹ܲȻش𣺡ˣܸĿ֧ܴ󡣡
ԣӧһת£Ϊ̩²ʱҪǮġ
Ŷ
зأɡУ볯ˣ⻹нٺġǾ͡Լ취ɡôµĿ֧Ҳܴġһת
һۣܲ󡣵ʵӧѣѵһ١ĥӲһ᲻Ըֻܲûظˡˣʵ۲ʣ䣬ƺָ
£̩ûǮ棬Ȼİ취Эܻ˷УܸǮͲᶯ˼ˡӧ񶾵ؽ
˼Ƭ̣֪ġ
¹
ӧŻʵ鷿ȥһ̽ʷ̨ĳʱõҲδ⵽ԶԵ˭ϲ˵УΪӪӦ޳ȡʱ䡣
ܲڳ֮ʣ׸ѾּѷֲĽֵȫȦסֻҽΡͬʱӰ˾׸Сţֱ⡣شúԺķɻԲѡһԣշһֻĵȰ˵糣ı顣һӦ޳Ľܲҵ
ȴֻķǵȥҴҵؽš
֪ʲôշֻûһ㣬𣿡
ɲ
˺һᣬΪ޼ƿʩշֻһļˣƽΪʲôң
򴽣ֻӵĻɡɹԣ

ŲͬĹ図߽ʣ˵𣿡
˲Լͬҡͷ
図¿󣺡æɡ㲻æĹ֪޳£ġ
δ䣬һ図󾪣ּ̧ǱһסһֱһѪۡȴķϣצק졣
˲ҽʲô˼Ƭ̣図͵ǡ
ʱδһʳн佻ûθڳ緹ĵվڴǰ֪ţ֡Ѱ˼Ƭ̣ʣ˭ģ
 

246 ֮

أ˵˴СҪţ³ﱸǵ緹ʮæµػش
֣
Լŵҽػǣȴȥ̫ۡ
ǡ
Ӻܿ챻֧ߣǲ
ݼС㡣
ˡ
ūֻ֮¡ţ˲óԣСȳ԰ɡִʳУóţūŰʳûȥ
˳ȥȴʳСʾȥС룬ԼţٿʳУ
ͷʳУűԵáտ졣ʳбԵһᣬǵָгһƬܱľƬÿһָֽд図ģ֪ãȴ޷ȻѰӦ޳ʼơ
üƬ̣ǷԸӽ赭д˵˼仰һǮˣִϷȥ
ϷּҵѾ߽ػ̣СѾ˵ɫÿҪһµģָҪױõĺҶɴ
һ㶡ǻظ֮󣬳ܵβ¸δҪҪպٴηػش𣺡һʣֵ˼ǮС㲻ȱǮԼðɡ
Ѿ߲Ҷԣתȥˡּҵӵɫ֪Ȥظ˳ȥ
⣬ѾߵĻشС죬һ˵ˡɫּҵһڱתϷ˵ǸСѾмƢģ㶮£ûвɲؽͷ
ߣǱҶЩһٴӰԸȥ׸һİ飬Ӱʲô
ǡ
˼ʱص佻֪ٱض˿۶ȱЦһΪ˵߷屸Ըȥ
ǳ֮ʣ図յִصĿš
˵ţ˸벶ȸں󡣿ô֪Էһأץ޳ӣʱ򲻱ƹ𣿡ĥһᣬʡ
Ҳ֪ǡҾļƲδáǣǶΣֻˡغûشã߷ӦǼ
˶벻ʲôð취ֻõͷǡ
ױøǵͣˡ
˳˽ȥѡβѡһʱµɴᣡһպ鸮ȥߴüһеؽ˸̣֬ѡһۣȥҶȥʱµ㻨ӣתƵʱ֣˹طԸ붨ݳ׸ȥȴת˸䣬սһ״ҵͣͣŸȥߵúܿ죬գۼתһ䡣ǡʱףתͷֻðˡ
˴˵Ƭ̣ϡ
ʮغϣҵſ϶һͻΧȥ룬صû׷
ʱˣԽԽ࣬Сذ̲飬ûȾɢҽüͷ壬һʱ侹֢ڡŴվΧܾЩ꣬һģ߹ˡ
ܾһ̶קסѹ㣿ôڳĴ
図΢ʼ˵ûҰɣ

һ£˵ֶһ۵һׯһӣܿɡֵҲмȾ˲
һۣܾ˵ڰҪ˼޹ҵ޳ͰѽҩҡǸɵóɢ߲޺޹
ģֻǿ񡣡˶٣˵ȹҸ⳥òˡ
Ǹԣ𣿡Цһܾͷټۡʱֱܾ֣図˻Ϊ㣬С
ȱ֮ʣϹѵ⣺һŮ˶ס˼Ҷϡ
ҡ
ˡû˷ɣ
ҡͷֺģ˵ʲô߲׸æŰģɢգпչܱ¡
ŶϹʣһ߳˵ӲӴ˶С
ɫһϹת߽η¿ŻѪӦ޳һס£
̧ۿ˿Ӧ޳
ЦϹӻͳһֻɫƿӣ򿪣ƿһָֻСĺɫ֩롣
С֩룬۾ȥסͷƱ㣬״Σڣ鴤ʹʧ֮£᲻һȥͬصסܵġ֩һ޷е̷ҪҪһ£в
 

247 һ

ɭһӦ޳֩롣ضϹָϣС۾ƺΡ
ͷЩӦ޳򴽣Ϊʲôҧ㣿Ҳ֩룿
ټֵĴ֩롣˵˵
ж
Ȼҧ㣿֩룬Ϲ֩ƽʮٲ˵Ͷˡ
һţʮ
ȵȣ

һ£Ӧ޳˳ǣȸɰõҩҪˮȻҸ㡣
̸ʸ𣿡
ɱҺ޺ôû׼ϲڡӦ޳һת˵
һ㶣Ϲ룬һ֣

һɣӦ޳ˤڵϡΣǱϵӣץסشϢܾòץˮ£Ŀβʣ֩ôǲǼ֩룿
ٶ˵
Цһʵûã֪ҲࡣǸطСԺӣ¥ܾɣáҵˡԸұǸȥβҲ֪ʲôϾˡ
˳ʲô
ʱƺܺڣҼǵһɫġƺǣƺԽԽСš
ϸϹԾؿЩʲô
ɫģƺǣǳȻͷ߶ţƺ䡣
壬ϹøˡǡڴʱˡϹһͷһһ߽˵о׸ˣ˵Ҫ鿴ûȾˣһߣû˵꣬ϹȻһܵһһ
飡
һУĺϣľмĽһе֣ѵӦ޳ڵԾץסյûȵ̿趵ͷ¡
󾪣ڵ˲Ӳӣֻøܡץס϶Ӧ޳һٴһȵŷӺݺڴϣһ˹ȥյͨǪһһԼĺˡ
ִټ䣬˶ܲǿεס
һ̣һ̶ġ͡ضסǰ˸ѪƲˣӦ޳ʹ˸ɾһ°˵ݺ˳ȥ
ॣ
ײһ˸󶴣ʬˤȥϳأѪ졣ϲӦ޳͵شһƶ˳δȴõһʹգۼʧʧصˤסСɫת˲ҡ
䣬޲ʧȻֱ˿̣ǲŴлع
Ϲ³һѪĭһĨϵ̼ң߳Ӧ޳ŭذγն£һŭ𣺡ס֡
ȻһϮɫٷֵŭĿӡͣٵĵڣϹٿȻһ书˵ãҲһһŵļ˸ˡӦ䣬ꡣ
㣡
һ˷ĺȺϹһ˾ŸԾ𣬷һ֪ʱ˳һȥ״ܾüȵȫ¡ǸֵָսȦ
սƬ̣図ͻȻһԾʮֻ
ж
ɢ
һºɢֳһǽ壬ʮʬ£Ѫءȫˣ֪Ӧ޳
׷֮ۻˣܾһû׷Ը˷ɢѲ飬ԼߵʬǰϸһûҵйվȴͻȻƳʲôһٴζץסһʬһ
ֻѪܵԵһܵδ࣬ģ£üܾм죬ȴ벻ںδ
˼ţһ߹ˣǸηʲôˡǴʱסŵΡ
ʱ˼ܾʣСŲţ
ûС
²ţլһȦϸһ䷿޻ܾ֮࣬ĬĬȶһ·λȻؿó⴦լӸһǽһһׯڣȴ˿ء
˼ãԸǰʬ̧ߣԺ⣬ٰȾȦɢգ׸أһׯ
˷図׺ŸǵѰׯΪݾߣ図ֻڽڵҩۣ˭ȴײҵԺӦ޳ԾȣҲǵӻˡ
ܾһзؾ׸ʱһׯһԺȵؿǱӻصϹƬ̣׵غ𣺡ôô㡭ԭת˼ȦҴҽֱ򸮡
̺ڡ򸮵鷿
¸Уȿʣٱ֪ˡ˭֪׸ͻȻߵšһӧޱӲͷƤѾϸ˵
ãӧİѵ⣬ţȵȣ߲תкһߣһеˣ
 

248 ӧ

ӧ뿪ۡʱǵʻǸСڽתһȦ˼žͷԸ붨߷ķȥԶͣˡ
С㣬ǰо׸ڿأ˲ý룬ƺʲô߲״̫ãǻظɡ
ÿɷ˳Ը붨ͣڸԼǰѰһСᣬ׼ԶԶع۲һ״ûϵ¥˽Сǡ
һܲеŷһůϣȴԵøӿ
¡
߹ܲ˵義׸˵﷢߲Ϊ˱ɢּ˼ֵȫסˣ㲻ÿôġ
תͷطʣǧ֮壬ʱŲء
ǺǡҽѾˣҴųʱ¾͹شţ˵Ȼظ¥
˼һ£ǵͷ
¥ѡһٽֵλ¡һ·Χ۵Ⱥָָ㣬ܲһ²˵Сǣ˵Ļ㲻Ҫϡĵúܣֻҡ
΢ǻƬ̣ݸһЦûеġֻ֪˵˵

ܲıмֹŹ֣ʧЦЩӵæµʱǶɡ
΢ܲ˺һ˵㵹ǹ길ʸҵŮᣬ֪鶮񣬿Ҳá˲ȥ棬˿ģֻ󡣡
û뵽ô˵ǲؿһ£̾һͰο˵Ȼ۰£Ϊѡʱض濼ǹġΣϾǴ壬ĸֶʵȨһԱȻףȻҪ֧ġô᲻أ
סܲɵÿʲôȴͻȻ΢΢üʣ㿴Ǹͳ𣿡
ţ
Ŀȥֻһڸ׸˵δΪһƿ·ֱۣ롣ӧ
ȥķͷһתæʣ£˵Խȥͳôȥˣ
ȷʵ֡
컹δ図æܲȻ֪ɳ⡣뿪ǰػصش̽һ߷Ρ˿̿ӧ֣͵図Ļݺץһ·תͷ˵СǣȽϻңϿظɡ֪ͳʲô£ȥ
ûе飬΢Цһ£ŷ¥ȥĿˣҧס˼һ£һģȥ
·ϸڵӧһа裬ͻȻܲ
ݼ̩¡
ͳôȥˣǲý𣿡
ǰ¡˽ҽý룬ͳְסⲻΪ׵Ŀ¶ɫ
£üܲĿһôôçײȥ
ʹã¡ǧ֮壬򲻿ɽӽ۸æ
֣ûô°ɣͳ춼ȥˡȥһ۾ͳ޹ء
ƿۣߡ
£
סۣŷ˵Ȼʱӻ޷ģǴ˲ġ
ȥˣ첻֪䣬Ǹ
۲ɵܾȰ裬΢ЦʲŸһȥˣҲȥãи㡣
ȻЦһ£·ϣŷ
û뵽ȥλˣ۸һ䣬˼Ƭ̻ǽйһˡ
ΪΣҪȥֲǵĴ
㱿šһȾʲôǵĲǣɵϽȥ˶٣ǸϼҴС㡭ȥҴˣΪá
һ㶣һ˸æͷһȥˡ
ʱܾһѯʽյ̲һͣڸ֨֨ѽѽʻ˹
ʲôˣ顣
Ƴܾ߹ȥ˵ǼȥǱ߲ʡ
ǡ
֧˳žܾһۣƾ֤أ
⡣
ɨһǷƾ֤һۣӻ֣߿㣬·ϡٰ糵図˿ǰ
ոʻܾһתһһӽҴΪ׵һͳһɨܣһ֡
ĽĬɢסҪǵİպ
վסǸʲôģȥģƾ֤𣿡
վס˵ءϽʲôˣ
վסˣ˭ǰߣ
Уһڵغǳ図״ܾüëһ߹ȥŭס֣Ǵģ˭
 

249 

Ƕһ㶣ɵͣ£תۿ˹ǶͳԣתͷܾԼһˣЦһ£˹ػش𣺡ԭ⡣ʧˡͳԸ¹ٴ˽ӹܳŵ̲顣
ܾתЦһǹ¡ǣͳӲļëƤôôĳŵΰˣ
˸ۣ䲻ȵػش𣺡¹ٲ֪¹ٷӹܳţȥæ°ɡ
ߣùܳŵ¡ȻͳԳŸȤ鷳ϸͳ죬˵žءֵ紵ɹúܣҾ׸Ҳ㡣
û뵽ƺҪжθԼǶͳˣ˴Բӡ¹ֻǸյ̲飬ոΣ֪
Ȼɫܾת˵ô˵նǵֵ
ǵġ
áˡЦЦͻȻִ˵áǼؼϢ׼͵ա˵꣬òתһ³ţץסִļ϶ʧԶ˿ܾʼ磺סҹʱĩ̹سšîʱ̿šǼȻӹܣͰŵĲҲ˰ɡߡ

ۺͳžҡڵˣڳһ̬ǶͳƵסȭΣź޺һͷ£Ÿʲô̲飬
ǡ
ӦţٴæǳιŸʲôŶӣƾ֤ó
Ǹʲô
ˣ񡣡
Ͳ񡣡
ܲ
¡ٳվãɷشŻŽİաȥʣܶ˸ŭԣֻõͷ
ƺû֣ܾߣҡ
ۻͷ˿ŷҵӰȻˣǰ衣ߡǿعҫʲôء
תͷܾζЦЦǰ衣˼ӽóš
۶ྩǸʵľ޳ǡǣǻʳǣʳ֮ڻһȦصĹǡǡڳǡǾаţ쾩ǵİȫˣֱڻʵۣճҪǹʳǺ͹ǡһɾ׸ΰ£׸˾ǰŵĽ򣬳̲ȵȡ
յñӧ϶˽ͳϽྩȨ׸ʵ޷ִġĴ⣬Ϊȡʱ䡣ɢ߲̲ڣٵܲӣǷŶϣüƣӧԲ֮ǰյ׷
ǻһеľ綾
һ˲Զһ۴ҴҸĻܾһôµģǸǱס𣿡
ˣס٣ûǰѻ˵꣬Ͱƿ˽ȥ̩ˡүҪȥ˰ɡȻǸС㡭˵үģû
ţܾʱѾֲǲϣɱӧץ޺ֻǵǵİΣֻ߼ߣ
ʱӧѾĿбӵ˾߷ԶһլΪ˷ΣʮֵȾ˲˶ذͥԺ⡣ҽ;׸Ĵڼ䣬æΡ
վӧһصĲߣһüʾ󡣸ĬطɢѰƬ̣ڷأ˼䡣
ߡ
Ժĵϣš۽գϷŹŹֵĺ죬²֪߷Ļƣ޲ǱĿԣɫ졣һҽһԶǣϸĿ¶˼
Ų죬ҽͷһһ룬վʵͳôˣ˴ƵأرΪá
ӧʣҽȾʲô
ҡͷùŹ֡ʱʱʱϸʱɬɺƽȣҲжȴ޷ӦԲѡʱ⡣
ɵأ

Ȳҽشһбﴫʮ־ȣӧô⣿
һӧתһ΢£üת˸񣬡ݼ̩¡
˵˹ֲôˣʲôܲͷһɺòʡ
£εʱɲ⡣ǵʱʱһʱһʱɬȴʱû֮ǣɷ֡
Ŷ
Ƴһܲӧʣҽ㻹û˵ɵΣ
Ŷ˲࣬̽ȴ
бһӧܲҽôֻһ⣿Ǳ߻кöಡ㲻ȥΣ
 

250 Χ

ܲϣҽæش𣺡£λͬѾͷˡ⼸Ĳء
ҽȻ㸺ǵΣ󵽵Σ
ҽһ㶡뷽˵һ𣺡ôˣ
ڽһ㶣ͷһֻһϮЦӯӯ
û뵽ǸܲһһʱˣæСǣ㲻õ߲֮أ뿪
⣬ʲôݸش𣬽żװͻȻӧ¶һȵɫͳҲڣСŮˡ
ӧȻǡٿܲĿ¶ζԭǧСǸŵ½ģ
ܲشЦ𣺡ǰż£ͬƬתͷͲѾ˵ƺߣұѰ
һػشܲȴһζӧȴЦһ̩°ͷǶӵ˾ǣΪʱڸӣȴ롭޸ǳ
ܲһ
Ļ쵰˵˵һ䣬ǼװûֻͷһɣתЦ£׸˵ýǻ߰ɣҽúΡ
ˣͳûɡͳ̷£Ⱦ߲ɾͲˡһתƺز䡣
΢ܲعת˵ӧ̫ˡ߲о׸ãǣҽôҩ
ǣٵͷһɣӧƤЦⲻЦػش𣺡л¹ġ½չ̤أѵΪ˿빫Σһˣƾʲôõ࿴
ߣʵ֪ⲡǲЦЦڵʣ͸ɭ
˻һڳ˶סܲͻʵ۵ʵʹϵΣǻʵ۵ĸܵܣˣӧȴεؼʣ·ϡ
һ֪ܲλشŷĿһ䣬ȭǳ⣬ȴüһڣͳ⻰ûɣͳˣǰֻǹһܿİգ߷ҲȾ˲˳ػһкβףȴԴʵΪˣνб۴ͳôó裬ǻʼҵĳӡгʾϵĵ˲·𣿡
ᣬȴִġӧɫ΢䣬Ŀһ˸ϵˡһ˶ţӧ¶׹⣬һתеô⣿ͳҲڡ£ʧˡ߲ͣλ롣
ܾΧ˿֪ϾԼתͷܲ˵£ǽɾΪˡǲˣν߰ɣ˵Ĺ񡣡գۣбһܾ
Сܲתת˼˳˵԰ӧϲ˵߲ߣɡСǣߡ
Ŀˣܾһӧͳôˣһĳţһֹ߲㸮˲ˣ
üûСֻǺ⿴һ¡
ͳȺ¹ٴ۽硣Ҳˣ˴˾ͳƲ𻰡ӧܾʾ
ת˼ӧͻȻʣɫҴҡܸܲңɵʲô
ô֪ߣͳΪκ˰ǣҲգҽɵĲ֢˵һ˵ȻŶͳѧҽͷɡ
û뵽ԼһӧЩ죬˼žͿҽ
ü˸̬ȹŹ֣ҽֹһ¾˵˲࣬ЩΪ˶ʵǡľûʲôˡ΢٣Ȼͳ춮ҽٺò롣
´ӧʾ󡣼״ܸɴض£ץסɵ󡣸оΣĿ¶⡣˼ţվ˵ѧղĪ
лͳģѵ㻹һҽ١һ䣬ܾ˸롱ƣͳ컹ʩչּ֣᪻һҽ˲ӡ죬¹Խ
ߣ˲ļңֻǿôСΪΣѵ㿴ˣЦһˡ
ҭܾݺһڲѹסͷߡ䣬ǺܲѲӰ
վסţӧתһ¸ܾǹһ˿ζ˸ϼŮܡȰ㲻ҪɫûλСȥ̩εüĿǺүˣ˶ӻлһ֮λܱȼ޸ǿɣ

֪㻤УαΪأٴһ䣬ӧﳤȥ
ԭأܾöֱݺȭ޲ðһ٣ȴʱ޼ơ
 

251 ȸ״

У˽ˡ
ȻǴȺ˹΢Цʣû°ɣͳǲǺѲ
ڣܾʱЦ𣺡û¡˼ӽ˵Ҳֻװ֪ҩģ㶣˵߷˶û£ٽȥˣҪԶ˭֪߲ʲôСΪϡ
֪ʱΪӧӲүŸȥġˣ̩ǰСᣬʱ£ȥһɡ
˼һ£ܵͷ
¥ܲ·Ų죬عͷܾܾնΧ
ɵ¿佱ôͽȥأϾȫ
ҡҡͷܲûش⣬˼һ²˵ӧֻȥ¸ǰ״𡭡ͰƵϣƲԼӧ˵
û뵽ô˵̧ܾͷĬƬ̲ŵ˵лȦܲҽ߲ǳ»˼𣿡
̾һ²Ϊ߲Ȧܵ㣬ǡ߷ǲܺĲҵӧһ־˭֪ΪʲôСΪϡ
ô²ı¶𣿡
Щ±޿ɱܣܻʲôãЦЦ⡣

ȥæɡ֮ԣҪߵˡ
ܾ˿ǣˡ
ĿıӰʧܲʣСǣղ˵Ƚ״
԰£ӧԴǶӵǷϡ״ȷˡȥ鷿Ҫȥ̫󣬻Ҫ
ü
Ҫ밲ģղײաȥ밲˳̫ǰӧݺһ٣ֹ̫̫Ϊʲô߻ʵۣ˵ӧڻʵߣ˿̿϶ȥ״ˣʧ档֮һҧӧ˵˵ؼЦ㣬ҡ
룬ܲɵʣ̫᲻ƫ̻ӧ
£̫ʵ۲һʵۻӧƴӣ̫ȴῼǵøࡣΣӧֻǳӡ
ܲҲǴģһ㲦Ħã
ǺǡСҾûҡ̾һ䣬˵ȥɡ
ɫ̵˵£˿ҪظװȥһƢٴȥ״ûܴǶʲôˡ
أܲʮȤǴԸСЩЩȥͽɣ
ٽǷܵصͷ
ܲĻõˣվԭһŴ¥ûȺ˹˺һᣬֱԶǴֵѰ붨ظ
ǵڸǰͣʱϹͷӧǰӽӵѶץԼ֡ޱ꣬ӧüʣ᣿
ǵġ
ţʣͣ鸮Ϣͳ𣿡
һ㶣üëһֻûش𣺡
Ե޹Ϊúţ֣ڣ̴鸮ҹ
ǡ
תȥ㷵վһԡһۣӧƬʣɵΣ
ҽ˵ʱʱʱɬʱѽ⡣Ѫƽͣʵ⡣
벻ͨӧĥһ²ŷԸȥеҽѯʽտпҩʲôҩ
˷ɱ
ʣڴһҴҽͳ죬ʲ̩´˹ܲ˵ӡ
üӧ˼ڵվЦһúÿ죡ȥ̫󹬰ɣ
ǵġ
ߣڣذáߣ
ŽˣɨһϹȥЩ£˲ô
ǡ
ǴԺûºۼɣ
ģʲôҲġ
ȥվԭ˼ãٴ½̣Ŵͳ츮Ƴ˳ǡϢڳŸͼá
ͬʱ̫Уܲ˰ͱԹ̫󣬽ڳϱ˳ЦˣɱҲֹ
һܻЦ̫󣬽յºö˶˵ȥϳĹĵģ֪˭
Ŷܲ˭ˣ
ʣܲˣͼӴװԼڳ鱻ٹٳЦʵƫ̻󳼻ϸԼǮӧԽԲЦԼһ顣˵̫꣬˵ӧǲǺܹ֣ȥһ𣬿Ȼ䳰ȷֹ̫
ȵؿ̫ɵʣӧôأ
 

252 ҩв

ǰʱԴһƿˡûƫ̻ܲԸˣɥصͷ¶һε顣
״̫üһšѵ㿴㣬ûӱӳЦ޿κΣۣ
ҡ
䣬̫ˣȥ¡
ǡ
ڼɱʱӧ鷿ҪֵˣʵЦʣ䣬ôô㣿
£
Ŷ
ӧԼ߲ȥ鿴ʱż̩ϸ˵һ飬ȴ֪Ϊȥڳ¡˵꣬װһϻ̳Ͽֵģ˵ɻ̲ס̩ΪҪȥ߳Դǲǵ졣ȥòף
û׷ԴǷ壬ʵ۾ȵʣߵܵ߳ȥˣ
ǵġܾ̩ȥˡɳá̩ǹЩƽֻȥû
üʵ۳ʣΪιɣ
֪
˼˺һᣬˣ̩빬̫໹û߳ȥ̫ˣ£̫ȥ
ʲô£
̩̫ǰһӧ̫
˳Ŀ⣬ʵ䣬߰ɡ
ʵ۴ӧ߽ܲͫס
񣬻ʵʣߵܣ˵˽µ߳ȥˣ֡
ֻȥ֡ǰûίػشһ䣬ܲת˵£ͳ̫ˡҲȥ߳ſ񣬻˰ΪȥЦҡôΪ͢سȴ˿Ϊӵǣгֳɡ
һ۶ӣ̫ʣ䣬ô˵ģ
̫󣬳֪֪Դǲŭ˵£ظ˼ǰǰ˭֪µ̫ǰʵܲⲻǣ£ճʧˣ¿ˡ
һ仰赭дûֳ⣬ܲһƢҲڲסҧгݣһ£Ǻһ˵ͳ죬ξˡɱű¡Υ
һ䣬˵£ΪֻǸǲģͳٸúةһٺһʾС͡
˿ӧʵĿ¶˼̫ȴ˵ܲʶкɣб𣬳ӲԽ
ĸָʵ۶˶ٻ׿ϣӧˣҪ˵һǶ
֪ּ
һĻĿ΢˼
Ƭ̣ܲ򸾸˳ʵǲҲʣĸĻƺָ
ʶνۻǲƫеرǰ󹬵ƽ⣬ʹûʵ۳Ϊȡ֧֣࣬һԶ˥ܸܵ״ȻֻǼС£ԴӧһԵùװӧĲתƵܵϣҲĹػһáӧٰһ£Ȼж£ͻġ
Ȼʵ۳˼ãͷĸ˵ǡ
Уջʺǰ밲԰˵ФȥĿȱ٣Ҫ˿ӡӲȥˣȥ˼½ϡȻǻ۰ǣԶʱ򡣡
üʵٴεͷ
ĺʵ̫š⣬ڻص˴ͳ츮Ѳ鵽һϸ˵
ȻҶˣ
ȷʵǼ´鸮漰ģܼҷԸ˲ýͷʱ⴫ɱҶŮӽӰԳ½֮ǰ˳̽á½дס佻󡣽ҶȻЮǣ˵Լʧˡ
۲һӵɫ˵ǵ˻ᶼȥԴףֵòɿֵǣ٣һ·ӰĵϸǴֹȥˣ˭֪ȴ١ΪҶ˵֪ľͱ׸ˡϸܼȥˣ׸ȴ˵˾ٱҶǣУʱܷŻء
üҶˣ˭ųŵģ
һ٣ֻ˵²֪㵤¥ڵѾӶϸŵġ
˼Ƭ̣Ӱھ׸𣿡
ڡΪ߲ϾʻȫʱѺ
ڳĬ䣬߽һ嵥ˣѯ˳ҩݣҩ⡣
ӹ˺ü飬ӧʣз𣿡
ָ嵥ϵҩڳǱϡҩݶ۳ڳҩ۳ֻڳǶ۳һЩɢͬһģ൱ࡣζҩƽ棬һζβΪ֢ãȴ˷żʡ
 

253 Ͷҩ

ҩЧϸ˵ӧٴϸ嵥ž˵嵥ͳǸǣٰѲ˵״˵һ˵
ǡ
˶ס߳ҿɾ
⣬˵Ϊʲô͵ȫĵطƾ߳
˵װ
ܡ
һҹ䣬鸮Ҷɱд߲һһȤǣһ߽̩߳ͼҲܾҲӳŸϻءôѾΪ˱ֻװôɭȻһЦ޷ѪʮʱκҩﶼѹסҪǽҹжǣá
ɭʶ˸ǡ
ʱسţӹܳǷڰҶס
ͳ츮ĥӰηһڵϡܿ죬󡣰ܾʣ߹ȥⶾ˵ӧ϶ʹ˶ЩִۡȻֹ˼䡣
꣬ͷҹ¡
Ӱʱش
̸ãηܾԸ鸮һ飬ظ֪ҶΣĻ赢շܻظٰźҹ߳Żظ
ʱδܾյӧǰسŵϢЦһȥ鷿塣
һռ£ԶԳƬ̲ʣҽεΣ
в⣬˵һӣѾѰҽݸҩֻǡ򴽣ܾʣ壬յ£ӧᵽ¸ǰ״𣿡
ԶԾȵЩС£״бҪ𣿡
ҾӧʮСȰ̩ȰǣسЦҡÿոű½˭֪᲻˵ҵĻ
һüӧȷʵмָĪ⡣޷ة˵һ˵ةڱǰ̵һ¡
л塣֪ӧʲô𣿡
֪ΪٸʵףԶû˵ֻ֪̫ӾټģֻǽУξڱʤΪͳ졣
䣿Ϊʲôû˵
ʱ㻹ĥءЦֶļ磬̫ãɹͻȻǲʹǰʿСΪҹڽ˾ѡʿ֮ݡһӧո¶ͷǣõȻʵʶ
꣬Զ̾һ²Ҳաٹӧ£Щ»ǱġȥϢɡ߲Ҫţӡ
ǡ
ص˼һᣬܾ˼ŴϨȻ뿪ۡ߳ۿأȺѱɢԵʮ塣
ʱһ̣ǰҽչ˲һҽǸԻؼϢֹһᣬõҩˡ
ֵص˰æҩܾ
ҩˣ
ǵģˡ٣ְͷԸһæŰٶˣǼ֪Ҫæʱ
öԡ
˵һ仰ŲһһӽΪ׵ĽͳܾƤЦⲻЦش˸
⣿ô˲ظϢտˣְ㸺̰߲²ܰɣ
䳰ȷܾƽ޲̰߲¹ž͹
΢٣Цһ˿Щҩʲô
̫ҽԺҩڷַҪÿ˹ȥ
תһ˼ˡ٣ֵǰæ
ܾЦЦȷʵءȻ۾ʾһۡ߻⣬شŽȥ
ָӽǰæǶͳվһԿšֱһ۶ҩߵһ߷ʱͻȻʣÿ˺ȵҩһģ
㵣˿͵ͷ԰
ǡƺҽ˵⼸˵Ĳأָָɡ
ûɣǴһ˵ֻǸտΣش˴˵⡣Ȼ߲أ֢״һġȻҽҽ֤ʩΣͬһಡˣͬһҩЧвȴδȫãֻЧԲԶѡ
Ŷ
Ǵָһ۰ѻƷԸҩ
򵹳ҩʱǶͳ߹ˡЩҩɡ
ǴνЦЦðܼ򵥵ģҩȥ
ɣǶͳԵһҩҩζŨмӿɬһ˿ζءûҩкβףӵͶӰסҩ룬ҹҩΣһĨʧҩ
 

254 û

æµһʱҩˡǶͳվ˰ʱɫޱ仯졣룬ʣǺҩΪβκα仯ɫô졣
ЦǴһʰҩһ˵һҩܼЧβ˼򵥵ģ˱𼱣ûЧٵõȵղ֪
죿һüһ²żװȥ鿴ˣĽһߵԿţװ
ǵСǴ򲻽պҩ룬̧ȥֻܰзΡܾһֱվ߳⡣֪ҩٴνʩʩȻظȥˡ
һҹ£߳ûкǰڰһ
ӧ߳ã図ѾķǴӻشǱһֺܵĲţ˳Ǳİӳ⣬鿴վںڰȡ
û׷ɣ
Ƕȥҹˡк߳ûע⵽ҡ
áķǽҡϻȥ˰
ǡ
図Ǳܵ˴ķǴҴҸϻפء֮ڵСס߰˰ٻ˼ңܶйﶼбԺׯ԰ճʮֵķ֣һʯСϲ࿪һ䲻ıӣⷻ
ⷻӦ޳Ρʱȥ촽ϣ³һĨصϺڣ˾綾֮ס
ķǣ鿾ʣ޳Ķ𣿡
ҡͷ
ķأжѾʮʱˡУĽҩЧ𣿡
һУ΢Цοġĸ÷ͶҩʡȻ߲ҪʵӼգ˿ʵġ

ķǣԹǧҶѪѪѪ֮㲻ⶾ˯£ġ޳Ķ൱֡ԭûôңضж˹ȣʩչԡѾɢ֫ס˰˸ҪѨȴǿаζܻҲ书ȫʧ²мá
򴽣̾һ޺޵ӧֶΰٳôѸŮͽϸ
˭֪ǡϹʲôֵͼıģ
ȷʵܹ֡Ϊ˲𣿡
ʧЦֻǸŮӣĮӣȨƣôѾ𣿡
ǵǡ˼޽⣬ʱ˼ǣȷϹж˶طϢˡ
س¶ʱڻص򸮸֪һҹ޶Ҳûӧܾã򴽲ʣأ
ҡͷ
߷ԻСˡ˲ȥ滻ĴĸҽݵģѯһʲôȥҩۣʲôŮǵò
ǡ
ӰǺĹϵ뾩ǵļ¼аɲȫ˶һ顣
ס
Ļھ׸Ѻ
ԡ
˼Ƭ̣ӧһԸ˼䣬Ŷȥ
糯ĳȺԶԶϹ˽Σӧ˳Ŀ⣬һе߹Цʣϴˣ㸮ϳӣﱻץ˾׸ֻΪһŮ
ЦЦ飬ϹЩڨڨЩҲס
ϴˣС²鷳׸ġÿ˶Ҫ٣ܶҲ첻갸ӡⲻǸֶ𣿡
ȻϹ¸Цһͳ˵ǡ
߲æء˻Ǹ׸˵һ˼и̨¡Ҫ㱨˹٣鲻ã顭һŮʲôòģ
ԣԡҺˡ
ﵽĿģӧЦЦ˵˼䣬תͷԵ˴к
ˣϹĨ¶ǣԾ˿֪ΪΣӧʱ˵ѹָУֵԶ㡣
⣬ս˼ϳһĻɻӧĮߣͻȻϹ£ɷǹŹ֣
糯ʼʱһݹ͵׸֪߲ǰӹܳǷǿ̲飬Բȫ
֪Ϥܾѩųž˻ϲϲػؼϢЦѣǵδ࣬緿ȥ緿ڣʬǲţҶʬҲһԡ߹ȥһܾĿ¶ȡһҹ䣬ʬǵģĴ಻ˣϵƤȴ𣬺ƴӲڹ
֣ܾѯʡɻؿҡͷЦ˿˰ɡʬ̧أְһ飬ûࡣ
ȷ
ǵġ
˼˺һᣬʣҶΪΣ
ݹʬ¼ش𣺡һġ˿ƽɱ
 

255 

һʬ¼ܾʣдͼ𣿡
ҡͷ
˼һ£߹ȥϸҶʬ壬ȴûκδۼ֪ΪʲôԴ˸ȤЦˣϵĴ಻Ϊʧģ϶ˡ
ĿһƵĴࡣ
ҩͿȥͼҩʧЧͼʧˡ
һ׷ʵʲôҩЧ
ְĲ֪ҽҽݵĴ򡣡
ܾ˼ţһ۽ˣĹܼһ飬λﵣ
ȵüܾߡ
ڸǰԺƽܾæ˸񣬵ݳһ飬ˣҼҴ˵븮㲻ĹҶūţײС㣬ҪԼҷġֻʧ֣ûҪ׷ˡ
ӹ鿴ܾ꣬ɫʣȻˣΪλҪ
ˣһ³ͻȻҶǾѾߣͻȻɱˣȻЩƢС˾ϸݣԡǴҲΪˣƽ⡣
ƽ⣿ؿЦЦ˺һᣬүϧӷ±ؽү浣
˵Цˡ븮ʱж̣үȷʵȽϳ谮
ƲϹ£뵽ȳӦ޳ٰܾڸãӻ˵Ȼϴ˲׷ˣþҶ˵ˡλʹˣһˡ
ǡ
ãӰ߳ƽתת˼ʣܼҵģ
֪˵Ǽ٣ƽȥҶǼһѿЦݣ˵үֻ֪ʧ֡ǡǸʫ˼ң㣬ƺɱɱϰˣסڸﲻ̫ʡ㻹ǻغסɣС㾭ȥġ
үĵôС
˵ЦˣǵСҶϾ̾ȥסضʹ죬αأ
һüСȥСǽ㵽ҡ
ߡ
ˣˡлӦܾգۣӰе뿪˾׸ԶԶԶ׺š
ˣܾͷȥ칫һ̺һ뿪׸ţֱϸ뿪׸ʱǿܾš
˼Ƭ̣Цһǧĵ˶ԵõͷתȻΪ˾ĳ浣ܶûˣ¡
ĥƬ̣ԸѾĻظϢϷ
ϷϽĸ׸ǰĥӲݣҵǮɡôţԺܵóԷɡ
ʬϽһҽҩһ²ǿָĸ﷢ʲô£ȴҵڰ˱Ժ˻졣ջֻΪҪǮ
ŶӿڿˡͷʡĵС쵰ܸܲɵ£èԺͷ飬ôѧ㣿
ôҸȣҡ
û˵ּ꣬ҵļ߽̣ү˵ﵣ׸ˡϾͻˡ
ĸͬ
ܼȥġҲˣܼҴүĻ˼סڸغˡ
üһĿʣʲô
ˡҳ½үĹʽڱʶġҫݣֻǺӵܣǽˡӲ˵½ǽŮֻʶģΪЩӲд½үĹ֮󡣡
ʱľǣ
յաһֱסں
žĵĻܾ￩ŻšϽȴ֪ıץߵ£ȵʣôˣ
ģ֪ĺ꾫㿴ǱԻͷһ¼ӡ׶ӣ²ӹľģٶʱ۵ĺ꾫ȥ̫ɷ򣬺޺ǸӾһ·ɫֻ֪ɫ
򴽣Ͻһ£ҪĸǶǮֻûˡûжӣġ
ߣ
ӣ˵˵ôץȥģ
ү㵤¥󡭡ּҵһһʮѱ١Ѳ飬ıѺ˵ˡ
û뵽һϽȲѣӰǹɱҶɣ
ҿġ˵ָ֣˾Ǻףĥžʡ
ĸϽüʣ÷ӰҽĴ֣
ĵĻеôû׼Ʒʧɵġҵùҧгݵز²⡣
 

256 

ĸ׵Ĳ²⣬Ͻĥһİеûᣡȥ󽫾ҽ˻硭󽫾϶Ҫġý赶ɱˡ
ѣ۾һԣشˡ
ǵȻҵǮɡ
һٻǷԸ˷Ǯ
ϽƱˣһ·šŸֻһٻӰŹܼƽ
ȵˣұ޵գϽֱͣ˽Ų˸ʺáδȥ
Ǻǣԭӡ˵ȥסˣ˿ûյεһЦ
̲ס̧۳һ£ϽЦƣҰȥԺһЩӡ
ѹֲ㡣һΪүһ棬顣
ҡ
ܵǿˡүС˶ʲôүȤöˡЦӯӯ˵ţ˿
бЦϽֻùͷˣңҲ˾⡣
ںɫһϣϹ¼ֱһģģһɫ˶ʱͣʲôڲٶ˾⡣ֻϹ³ţûиĸչ˷֪ΨϽг·»ЩͽϽȴСĸ׽ݣΪȴ֪Լ
ٺЦ˼£ò䣬ŵƽȴȥˡ˵̣Ȼˣȥ͢һүΪá
֪ˡҲƽӦһ䣬ֶϽ˵иӣү֪𣿡
֪Ͻæ˵
ǰҶȥ֬ǸģùѰۣЩĺõȴŲڡҶûˣү㣬ͷѾһЩͻ𣿡˵ţƺ
˶ԼᣬϽʱ˻꣬һشӦááġС£С¡Ѿ߸
лˡ۲תЦһ£ȥĿĵıӰϽվ˺һߡøţĵĽٴĥţ˸ֱ
⣬۵ӣϽ˵ôó裬ӵۡҼǵóּǵģ
ǰļλﶼܼǵۣǺܺõġּǵġֻж̡Сõ𡣡
šĥһ£ʣ˵һЩּǵۣΣ
֪ӵ˼һϵ壬СľãȰ̹õãһּǵۡ˶Ȼүһá
Сͦ˼ġһ䣬Ͻ߽ӣȴۣʣ𣿡
û뵽ۣǻⲻѣתЦ۵ĶͣλүҴô϶Ǹ󡣲֪˭ģάţɫò
һϽˣЦиҶѾ߾ۣ֪һʲô𣿡
һǻȴһᣬһԴЦ𣺡Ҷԣôˡƹĳ֪Ҷʲôۡ
á
µƬ̣һʮߵӵ߳ü۴Ц
λ֪γƺ
ƹģүӡŻش
ӹһ˿ĪĹ⣬ԭĹӣʧˡϹΪҪŮõۣ
Ц绨ϽַƢش𣺡иҶѾ߳򣬽ίһЩ
ԭˡҶҪơżǵƺÿȥ
û뵽ۻֽϽŸڣ˵һɣ硣
״һȥһ̺˳һ裬ڵظϽϣһòеʣӳ˼ҡ֪λʲôݣ
룬Ǿ
ΪξﲻҶȴҪͷӣ
Ҷˣ˻Ų֡ǡҰæ
ԣһüάţһƺгŴϽʲôĻڲסʱش𡣵˶࣬ϽŴһֻľСߺ󲻾ã˽򸮡
԰ӧڵĻһӣȤٺ٣ϹµĶɫСԼա
ʱ߽˾͢ȴ̫衣
үһˡ
ŶȻȥúϢϹ˼һ£Щɻ䣬䲻ȡ
Ŀ΢תһ뽿Цһǡ
 

257 ɵ

תߣϹ΢оЩڡ겻ᣬ̫üʣүøջ㲻ȥ㵤¥οһ£㲻ǵģ˺ĵġ
תһ˫ԼЦЦϹ¾Щڨڨɵ˵ü죬ǸطúܣЩ˼ɰɡ
˵ǵǡү᲻þãáƽ׵˼졣
Ͳ֪ˡûô룬ֻǡǸӧʲô¶ܣȻ֪˾Ŷ˵Ҹ׸ϾŻʵۣܵÿһɡ
΢̫˼һ¾ЦүڳȻҪȫĽòôСġֻǵģ㲻ˡүֳ£Ҳûʡ
٣Ϲ͵ӰĥŲ˵˵ǸЩ֡˵ֻ˼գ
Ŷֻסһ𣿡
ҿδءǶͦ͵ģҾ⼸˲٣ѧ˽ѣۡ
û뵽ͻȻô˵̫תæЦŲ⣺үûôСʲôֻۡǳ㶷ˣЩ£ˡ
һҹعȥ
գϹȥϳ̫ĥòŷԸѾȥһ佻ͬһʱ̣޸еϽˣѾ߽㵤¥ȥһּǵۡ
ľеۣ΢΢һЦ
ҶлүǮ㡣
л̡
ЩֻգүУͷһ㡣
ǡ
ѾߵϽϸϸһĥĻŭšһμڣųš
Ͻڽǰһʱȴ˱ŸƵվ˰Σ棺󽫾ƺᣬ˵ô죿
Ѱ˼ţ׼ƵȻ󽫾û׼ܼݹӵ
һĶͷԡȥѰﴫ
ӸǮĽŶȥȴ˴ʱһֲ˳Ͻլ
լϷϽĻüͷúܽ
ºĹʽ֮һŮӣ书ܸߣ
ԡǸɱ˵ֵ˾׸ͼӴװѷӰɱҶϸ˵һ飬Ͻɿ˵֮ǰﶼֱ֪ɱҶҾá˳ӣ϶ҽָʹӰɵġ
һᣬ˲ƽƽʣϹӼ˴󽫾˵һ𣿡
Ȼ˵Ķʵ
ˣү
̺Ͻ˽鷿Ļ豭Ʒһʣ֤𣿡
Ͻſڽࡣ
ɫûʣͿ͡˼ãַ㣬ȥ׸Ҷİӣ˶Һ
ǡ
ַȥ߳鷿ֿʣЦһǣļˡֶΣСˡϽֻһ֮ʣѾˡ
Ͻٽ֮ʣ㵤¥ӽݡ
ݼ̡
úܺá𣿡
ˡԸ£ūĵģһ̶ҵ顣
ЦЦóһӣ͸㡣úð£ĺôһأһǮˡ
ǶӣзŹ⣬һĵūһľ̰¡
ǲӣıţ˵Ҫ˯Ѿ˳£ѻ۵ģ˫գĬĬ񡣵ĳϷԽԽ죬ƴƤ͸˳
ɫʢڵ㸡תŨ
һ̺еѾ
ĿƬ̣һۣߵǰ˸ԵýĵգԸױ֪ү𣿡
үھ͢
·Ҫȥү
ǰ֮͢ʣһڸסּҵģ˸Ҿ˵æѾ߳С˼ҵŮãǸĴӡĵеݣܲܣðɩӸһ·
·
ȥ´ջⲻȥȥһλճЩǮܴЩ˽
ֻҪæպضĻû׼ӸǰõϡһϿҵزţȻóһǮ
ǮּҵĶʱ̰ЦʣǸѾߡʲô֣ȥĸݣ
ū澽ࡣ˵ľ̫ʮֵó裬ūӻǰ̣ӳȫ
üһּҵٵɣͷСסҵǶ̡ʲôɵʵ˵
ġü˳۵ػش
һ̺鸮ʱڶϴ
 

258 

һϷ
һ㶣űֱ۾ǲͣѽ㵤¥Ѿ߲ˣ˸ҶбġôôżҪµѾߣҪ
ͷ
״ּҶʱ࣬ЦỌ̇̄˵ү̫Ļ֦չȥ˾͢˵ӻءū澹ţѡѾǵүɡүǰһΪáѹֻ˵Ѿߣû˵ҪԸѡðµġ
һ㶣бһۣȥ졣
ǡ
ּҵȥˡһʱѾ߽Ϸݼһࡣ
˸ּҵ߽㵤¥ʱõϢɿر
µѾߣ֪ʲô𣿡
˵ү׿ϣ̾Ӱˡûѡ
ɡЩӱ㵤¥ΣԶ㡣ȥһ˺ӰҪĸң۰պҹĸ˸үţԺĴ
סӦȥˡٴ̫š˺ü飬̾
ӧúأ˵浣ġߣѽҲ˵ӰŹ֣ǻҡҲǣĵ֮
˭֪Ů˹죬˶Ȩᣬֻðˡ
Ƭ̣ע⵽վߡ
̧ͷ˵С㣬ݼҵĶֲˣǳصģϾһγ˴ưոݣҵģϵһ㲻
ԣǴЦЦ֪粻ֹãҲŹǵġ
һ
վŴҶƬ̲˵̣һȥҷ壬ĵشӸ̽ʱľ˭ڸǰʱϷ̵ĶЩʲôˣǶĶȥˡһҪĵ򲻿Եע⵽
عȻһС㣬㣬˼ǡ
תǾػش𣺡ﱧ꣬ΣȻҲ֪˭Уҵ֪٣Щʲôظ̲ǲƽϣǡǿͲòʾΪʲô֪
һ̶ͷҽҩȡȥԺ顭ǶΪҪΪ̶ӵȨȷ˳̳мҵạ̇̄鸮һջữΪУҲڸһϣЩǷϣԼϽպƾԼĲŻҵ𽥵ͳȴᶨԶƺ翣ƺֻ˵Լ
ԽؾŴĬ˺ܾòŵ˵С㣬ү˱𣿡
ֻȨλ档˾ģ̫ĽΣӧƻĨӵ˭ãͰ˭˭ûã˭˶ѡ
ĸѽ
ҵΪҵû˵ȥһ̾һ̣ٴǰǸЩȱ۵ǣˡ
ĬȻãͷ֪ˡһ߷붨Сȥ졣㣬һҪġ
֣ЦЦ̷ġ;˾˻ᱣҵġ
ʱ֣뿪ۡȥҷ붨ͬһʱ̣Ͻ˳ĸ׸ǰױӵĻϲЦտСˣºˣô󽫾ȥ
԰ģֻܿ֡
ĸͷͷֹһᣬĵسŸȴûɵšŵڸɪһղŻţ͵֪߷߲һʱ޴Ū飬ʱֻʮȤ
ûɣѾ߾˵С㣬˵ˣѾ߹ȥ̡
ֻҵɵɵسһסˣɵ¡Žı¸̾һȴͻȻԼ¡Ǹһᣬ˼űԸѾȥԺӡ
ǰҽ㶩ףǸǸ
ǸˣһŰȰС㣬淸˵ѽҪ˵¶ʱСʮ꣬޻磬ֻǽ˸ƸүݼүġүǼġ
ô֣ҽ㡭Լֹһ䣬ʣû٣
ȴС곤꣬˵Ҫȥĥġū澲֪û١
أ
ԶͳϽ˾Уʱ󽫾˾һɽ˾Ҿ
߶һᣬû׻룬һ⣬ԸҦͽ
 

259 ҩ

һҹƽȥ߳ĲûɫҲ񻯣ƺ̫ҽԺҩˡҵǣҹֶʮϤ˶Щ㷣ֵ֮١ܾ֪ʼղ図֣ڴ˿ȥ߷Ѱˣֻðס˼ȴһ氵˶ǲ׵Ļ쵰޺޹޽ڲ١
ƽعȥûɫպ󣬲ӣԭ΢
糯ӧڻʵ˵£Щӳ߲ЩĻ̡̻
Ŷղδ
ûСʱգˡҽΣǷּŰټҽ
ţʵ۲ÿɷֻּټ̫ҽԺԺٴ׸Զԡ˳Ϳʵ۾ʣٰ䣬߲𣿡
Ź֣ƽգӡЩȻԲѣȴ֮ǣֻҪʱա
Ǿͺáúġᰮ䣬׸ҪΡ
ּ
Ǹ˺ӧĥһ²ʣ£Ժȥ
ûش𣬻ʵ̧ͷ˿죬޵̾һﻹһ¡ȻͻȻʣӧ㸮ﻹû滨ݣ
С
棬ҪĻȴӧᡣġ߹ǽס
⣬˵ūּ
ʵһӧ´⡣Ȼʵ۽鷿Ѱ˸ʣܹܣ¼ʱϲˣ
ͳ죬²ϲݣЩáۡнʱ¿϶͸㼸ġ
ϲȥͲ͵ĵ޷ֻǡʲôãѵܡβת˼ʵ
صЦЦ˵ˡ۶Ǹˮأġ߲Ҳ
֡˵ɣ
ûнͣЦͷͳɽѻͽлˡ
Īķ̨ӧü
򸮵Ļݶͽ˹ٴΰ˷̨һΣеԲʯ϶ˡ˵С¥ɳĬվ¡
һʱʵ̨
˵С¥ıڻ»һӵĸ̨ǰ¹£һĨŨ̡̨Ļ޷ҡε̨ۣĤݡ
ʱ᷻Ϣۣתͷʹһֻյϣߺ̵ض˼´룬£ƺˡֻĸȥˡǵ״Ŀ¶
̺󣬺ٴζ˶ƺǵı仯ĥƬ̣ߵһö
ϢŶ롣
ҩ͸図Ȼʱ˳ˮ۰ɡݳһֽ
˳һʱģ
ЦЦķ˵˴кöȷʵǿȡ档ҿԵ
îʱ̣ҽ߽Լ鷿ƵƱһڣһˡԼ˸ơʶ˸ҽ˶ʣ£к£
Ҽоһӻ߲Чǲҽꡣƹһֽ
ٴγһҽ̲סʣ׷ǹʣЧǴһѽ
ƺЦһ£Ųҽ֣ȻΪټãǷƶԲʱܼҽҩҵ֮ҩݹ͸ҽҲʵ顣ǡ

ֱʧһᣬҽŻع񣬷µƣ߹ȥҩϸԽԽæͷо
ʱ̫ҽԺ˲ҽĽ飬ҩµҩˣɬϢȳ
ܾ鿴ŵҩζһͣ˳ڱǰһᣬüʣôôţЧ𣿡
Ǻǡҩ˸ɵף򼡣ܳţѺȡһѹҽʧЦˣҩûģβˡҩЧ֮ǰĺá
ŶҽǷҩҩܾٴ図ͽҩ磬вҩ֪޾ܾ̾һЩûɵﷵء
һֻվڴߵϣ³סһᣬܾ߹ȥĽժһֻֻֽҩ͡ļ
Ƭ̣͵뵽µҩֹ˼䣬û£һģƾʲô
ȴֻų¸ֱУˮҪˮ
ס˵
һ˵㱿󱿵
һͷű
űǴ󱿵
֪˭ĺܾ۸һֻԵúܿЦһỹǵһˮ
 

260 

޵Թ£µҩգϵĺɫˣѡ
ϲҽǸæѯǳʲô߽ӴʲôڽԲ֪ѯ޹˵ҩЧˣ¡֪ܾһ֮գһ벡̺תȴһŲ֪Լʲô£ԵĶҲѰ˵ʮգֻʣ粡ʮˡ
һ峿ܾҽǼҩ̲סʣΪʲôѣ
ˣԽԽΣԽҩЧԽáϢѾƽȺܶ࣬ٷҩգҩӴһЩ͸ȫˡ
Ǿͺáôκ߲лλ
˿ˣⱾǷ֮¡
ԶԽ߲κãʵۿģ󻧲²⽱ֵۣ߳Եò԰׼˺󣬻ʵ۴ӧŻɢ˹ǽߴ
ʵۺܸ˵ӣӧĥžʣ£˵ûȷеƷû뵽һӾͶ֢ˡǡ߲úͻȻѰҽҲͻأ𣿶̩߳ȥ֣мֹŹ֡
ԶƬ̣ʵ۲˵ҲôΪǡ
ס
ֻҪ֪ྩܱ֮زᷢаꡣᣬضǡ˻˶٣ߵø۰֪ЩԵر󡣡
ӧȻŻʵû׼Լǰסûʡ
ҽգǻѹҲˣɫ԰ףһϢĲ״ܾ̲סֻ
߲ƽϢˣе˶ĸհҩȫָʱա߷ͬΪл͡
ڰҹȴһűӧ֮࣬ɸȤˡĥţ߽
ʦ֡
Ŷ˺𣿡
ָˡ£˵Щҩۿƽ棬úãƲȴѲ飬αѱ档ҹ߷ϵǳбöĸ֡
ȥ
ԡ
ţӧû˵ڴҴҽӥ
ˣ°²½Ҷˡ
ӥæԾذѴе׷١Χϸһ飬óֻҩƿ
ţü΢ṉ̀Ԫҩ裬ǽⶾಹԪġû뵽ҽ˸
ԣӧʣڣ𣿡
شٴοҵֻҩ˵ûд򡣡
Цһˡĸ׸˵߲ŸǿءȻҹ̽شáһ̵Ĺ⡣
ǡ
ڳȥţʣʦ֣ʱɱ䡭׵𣿡
ߣǺܻʱҵĶۣܲǲ˽´𣿾ܾæȥ
һҹ֮ʣСѾʳн佻һӡһֻ͸һֽд֣
ץסֽƬ̣ǲԾüۣһֱŵڷ¡Ļϲذֿ˺ü飬ŰֽڵϷٻȻӷָͬԣԡ£ĵ˯ȥ
ҹֺĽһϣʱչһѪߴ͸Źɭ
оΣ
ʱʱȣؿ˵ۣƺۡش
ַüĸоһᣬֻ̾Ļ򲻴Ѫ൱ѩ飬ʱӻ˶ԷҪ϶ķˤ˼Ҵš
Цǰ˶ٽѵ𣿡
õȵȡϴĸøҩҧһΪлѪǴ󲹡
ԷֻƾĸϣʹҲֻšƬ̺ĸõɼر͸ЩһѪһԵĲء図޲з֪ǿ־壬Ƕġ
һ̣ĸͳһֻѪ򡣰ŵһԣûϵδֹסѪӵѪ˵֮ǰµľ鵤ѹһжԣôʱաѪѾɢζ֮ʾʹ٣Ҫס
ʱµѪѾӵ°ͣ΢͹Ƥէȥϸ˼ǿͷӿķͷ
˵óһֻϺ췺ڵ룬ɱϼ¡һɼŵѪɢƱ㣬ѪߴƤȿֺظ֣顭룬ְɵľ󣬷
Ѫ뺹ˮŴɶϡüëϡϡʣڰϣһĨĨɰĺɫۡ
ڵѪתʢ
 

261 Ѫ

ʱ̣ջ֣ٴͷ£ְסͷƷܵɫ˿˿Ƶɵͷ۶ɢ߮Ƭ̱ûơ
ƽ졣ȴת
һʱջ֣ĿƬ̲ɱ۵ɡϵѪʧˣѪֹסˣѪ߰ߣҲ̶á
Ȳʣ˸ơ⣬óһֻƿûˡպԵúϢʮ֮ڲҪ䡣˼һ£˵ζҩһˮ£ÿջƻһա
ҩصصл
ʱ֣図ͳʱҩĵ£ͷشöȥû߶Զӭһˣɫţ㵸ֱţɱˣɱ
˷˰ȥֱ׸ķ図Ȼ͵̧ͷǰ㱼ȥ
ĲҽѾڣ߰˸ԶԶΧŻشãָָ㣺ѽѪˡ٣Ͻ٣
סŲ図Ѫҧָյ÷סΣźҧԼһǿסѰһվԽԽȺĵع۲졣
ûȶãŲ졣һȺСŸѸٰѾۼȺϿȻŶ롣ʬ£֫ɢһأѪζ˱ǡصѪǽʵѸֵ䣬̨ҩġȫϴһա
һ̺ܾվѪȼ䶢ŽµĲʬʣû
ˣܵĽַ˵ش¿ҵһֱǳʱţʱšҲʱţ֮û˽ҹһУһ͹ΪǴ
أ
شֻ㣬Ǹ¥¥Ϸ˴򶷵ĺۼԺ󣬻һʬˤԺСشõĸ¥һСšǲ²ͽǱ룬˿¥Сţɱ˶ơ
ֻɱ˶ƣбҪѪ𣿡
ǡһҩݣ˭
򴽣ܾȻ½ҶʧһգشõĽվһᣬüӹһĨɫԸʬš˲һشûûƣһʬϵ˺ۣԱһ
ǡ
Ըƺܾ÷أͷŭ𡣻شµȫߵĽӡߡĺۼ飬֪ضѵصɱΪĿǽһɱֻǼ
ɻشڳʢҺǣǾ˲þȵˡ
ӧ
סŲＷ֣սȭ
һ̣ܾ֮һ߱ıаĹݡشõѪһη֣λͳ첻ĺƶ񲻷֣ݽ档νūףӱضײкͱŰ
Ϊ
ˣشõѪȻྩ۷׷ףϧ𾪣˾塣¥ߴշɫؾۼһ֪Ǻã図˳
շһʣ図ô
ûˣںҪһӡ£ͣ˺һ˵شõĸƶˣرңûȫʬ
û˳Ƭ̺Ϻݺһӣ˭ɵģ
϶ӧӴ½ҶжЩǲڰӧֻ߳ŭһ֮ɱ˱ǡ
ѵǾ͡װû
ܾãҡҡͷ¹ӲȬ׽֦ҵĵǣӧôΪ˼ŭǷѰץ©
壬ѵǾͰˣշü߷ߵתʣ図Ҳǲܣ
򴽣図ش𣺡˵öԡӻҲڳֻӧѾ˶ңٶ
ǡЩã͵վǼݷҪ¶šҳȥһ¡

ˡ
¼˻࿴˿϶˵ҪǲӧȦδáҶһץסᡭ
ǣ˼һ£շ˵߷رǰȫȥչɡ
׼ȥҺģȥ߷ֻлΪӧϹӣ

˺һᣬȴ̽Ϣʱ
¥ȺףǽºʺĹƬ̾ʣӰأ
֪һȥˡģ⸮ﲻǱղʡģͷġ
ݸǷ˵ܼˣϽ̡ǣϲ㡣
̶ղˣ
 

262 

ʲô鰡߹Ͻһ˦ͷ㣬ྩﴫˡش˴£Ժ۷׷ס˵ǰӣ㣬˿ĸϽҪʵĻֻ˵׼ظ˵ˣ͸ĸ㡣
û¡ǡشóʲôˣ
˵˼ˣѪˡ
ǵ͵һ̲סгʲôˣ
֪Ϊʲôô֣Ͻ̰СȻ˵˵˼ơ߰㣬ƺɱıơ
Ծץסָ˿ŵܵܵ˵ǡ
ɱıƣҪııˣΪʱ
ѵǱ
ţһʳ߹ЦС㣬͸ġ
һ㶣ǵͷһ¥ʳУһзŲʺ⡣
ףôͻȻͲʺ⣿԰ɣʱ򡭡
һᣬǲע⵽һƬиģѹۣƷΣȴ͹һбǡĥƬ̣ЩȻԸܵ³Բʺ⣬ֶ˵˼仰Ҵȥ
Ͻ̺ظȥץסҡҡͷ˵̶ȥҪֶЩڸģֵܵ԰ȥɡ
һ˿⣬룬ͷ
ĿϽȥˣĬƬ̣µЩ̾һ弸䣬ȴ׷ʴ̽ж︣Щ³ԷְЩ¸÷öȥ氮
ϽһխС˼ʡǽǵӰ図һңվš
СῪˣ̽ԴĹˡ
꣡
һתͷգۣ
Ĺˣ図롣
Сûʮ⣬վʸ図ʣû°ɣ
ҡͷشõ֪𣿡
ͷżɽʣǲӧɵģ
ҲǡȻ˶ָҪʱգûҾ͸ŹŹ֣β͸ӧΪҪɱЩơ֪Ϲп
֪شľ𣿡
ĸƶˡҩıϴһգǶΪɱ˽ٲơȥģôʱ֪図Լ˵ˡ
ü˼һᣬͻȻʣҹ߷û°ɣ
û¡Ӱᵽ˱𴦣߷ûˣһҹ
߷˿޳˼β˵Ҳ²ӧ˾һйߣΪ˼ŭߣпöߡᣬһĿ߷µ񣬲öռȻ˳ץסװ¡
図üͷ״мˣ
ɻЦЦмƣǽƾͼƣΪ
ûнͣĥ˵ԳΪڣȥ̫ҽԺҩȥ׸Ȼر߷Ȼɢ⡣˴ģӧĿŵض֡
ǰǣӧ᲻ɱ
Ҳᡣǡֻܰɷͽ𣿡
׽Ƭ̣図򣬡˵ǷΪã
ǰ±ضģҲ²ʵ۲֪Լù⡣
һᣬ図Щ壬ʣãץˡ᲻ᱨ
ݸġҪȸ׸һݾٱٱ⣬ɱ˽ٲƣٶһȻǽɵģõĵ·һǶʵЩͲùˡ鷳ȷˡ
Ǵͳ죬׸ܵ𣿡
ܲˣǻʵ۵ĳӡ
Щؿ˿図˼Ƭ̣ȭ˵лԼЩת淽ҲҪСġ
šǸҪġ
図ȥ˵ˡûˡСô֪ҪСţ
üһ䣬ѷλڲʺϣǸбǡָϱߣšϤĲֺͷλŲµó
ۣС
ⲻǴֻǶ࿴롣ǰԺأԶһӺ棬ϽԶԶţɻ֡룬ûȥʽ㣬ת·û뻨ݣػ԰ȥˡ
ϼҽںۣ図ص˵¥ȥ׼ϲס図ʣ˭⣿
룬ѹ˵ǡ
֡ôȥ
壬ϸʧ֣ӵ佻󣬵ʱѲ飬ٻӦҶִǲܳû߹ӡ޳ʧ٣նӧɱ֡ҿóܹĹӡϹ¸ɵ֪٣¡図򴽣˵ûҪ֮⡣
һᣬüûǵͷ֪𣿡
˵úأָ֮ǰҪɡ
ðɡҪЩ
֪ʱڳ̽Ϣˡ
 

263 Ͼؾ

δʱˡʹͷʧˣɫ԰ףվվȡʱҽˡմ߲ƽϢ֮εĴҪգȷḴ
꣬図ҽͳǰŰѰ⾲¸֪
ҺģǵҲ֮СþˣȷʵҪһӡǰ׸ץҩϰ¾ûʲôˡ
л
図صʱб齡
ӣоΣ
ۡû°ɣ
˶٣図˵û¡ڵģᵽ⾲һӣݱܷâ
üֻͷһʱ룬á
ܿ죬ɳԵ˺ƿҩҩֱź¾³ںѪʧȥ֪ɫҰף䣬図ͷԽæԸ׸Ȼһ
ʱ߷ˣž׸ĺ̫ҽԺҩö֮뿪ྩǡ߷ŵҲû£ֻھ׸ѵлﱸ˰
һֱŶ˼ɻѣһ˸ǵָ
Щ⣬ӧĥһ²ŷԸźδ̽һ¡Ҫð
ǡ
׸鰸𣿡
ܾȥģûºۼ˷ġ
š
ʱŷص鷿ܲüƬ̲ʣû°ɣ
図˵ѾˣֳѪЩ΢ݱܷâ
ͷܲ˼һᣬ̾ʵ۵ǻˣ¡ֻ±ĸѡ
£ΣΪΪѽ
֪㡭
û˵ܹ꣬¤߽£ǲѾţ˵Ͼոյ־ƺؾˡ
Ͼؾְ
ūŲ֪˼Ը
ɻ֪꣬ܲؾǹӡģûؽŷȻ߷Ķլȥ
ܲڻ԰ţĳŮһˣŮһᣬܲʣضؾˣ
ݸǰ׽񳿲ŵŵļ˵ʹˣؾǡüԺȱְϴ򡣡
ܲ΢ɼ£һü
˼ƺʣ£һѳŻˡǧ֮壬ôܵ߳ȥأٵ֡
ʵһ㶣ܲ΢٣̶˵ӧܽȥΪβУֶѡ
պױһŮʡס޺͸ܲǰݣǵһι
Ů밲
صĸϾޣһһŮΪΨһĵŮСǵóġŮ˼ӭһʣŮÿɺã
΢Цһ£ͦõġ
ǾͺáЩ̩Ů˿ɲ٣̲סص㡣ȻиŮɻӲźá

ŮֶʣɫʳŮĸŮлҳֱʱ֣Ͼɢظ˲ЯŮ԰ȥ
صĸΣĵѳ󣬳ĳٵ٣ټĸۡ塣԰ѰںϯֻһĿڹۡ
˷˴Ůȥɳرι㡣Ʒһյʣض̩Σ
ǻӣѰǰ㿴ġԸŮ̬ȶ࣬ûһó衣ҡû䡣

ײ˵ʣǰдүľٶΪأ
ãüʣ֪Ϊδݷؾǣ
һػƬ̣ҡҡͷ
Ҳ֪ʱྩһӲܹܣ֪һʱ˾ǣסվͻһֱûǻؾ
΢΢ü
״˼һ˵ǰЩȥү鷿ڿһܺ˰䣬ǰûôġǺںլʱ䲻࣬ϳ֮ǰԺܣʱȥ߷һҲҳţżǸɡүһ壬Ȼһ࿴Ǻѽ
ţذһսͷżŸ߸ףǽáܾˡ
˵꣬˼һ˵Ϊʮֲ⣬ݺúõأΪҪؾ˻ˮµǻȻʵĻĲΪڷزŶһ١պֻǲһҲˣ¶ЩƽǿԵġµľЩ΢
ţصضȻǺãʱȴǻ¡֮ҪʵѾǻʵˣ̩Ӯ˵ġ
һ׸׵Ļ֮⣬صɴĿҧȴ˵
 

264 ٱ

ʱЯŮصǲŮڴǰ֪˶ãŮˡ
θڣЩûɵʣ֪ү𣿡
˵үæšУҶԸѾ߸үҹƺġ
Ҷˣ
ԡؾүȥҶֲԷǶֻɫãѾ֪Ȥز䡣
Ŀӹһ˿ӣԡȸŰɡ
ǡ
ﰲ񣬶߻صŸ׵Ļܲȴ֪ʲôܡ
լһߣһµԺ䣬ش࣬껨ޡһŮһϮ̵£Ը١̩ҶˡҶң̩Ȣĵһλ븮ࡣ
һ֮ʣһѾ˵ˣˡ
š֪ү𣿡
˵š
վһͥԺСһ̾ԴӻصǣүѼӰ볯͸æˡǰûϹġ
ǰū˵ĸ׵ؾˣְԺϴ򡣡
˶ٽŲҶ˵游˵͢Ƿ粨ϡϾؾүкô
ǡүЩֻǶ
ѾߣЦЦСѾͷǹۡȻʴͻģұȲáˣٽͷ
ͷѾתȥʳС
Ů˸ʱܲص鷿û£ܹ߽£Щʱš
ϸһ飬ܲһŲŵݸŷɿɿ͸ܾҪ֪͵ġ
һŷͷɨһۣɻʣٱ£ֻһ֮ʡ𣿡
һᣬܲҡҡͷΪһҲβ͸ν˲ɣȻӧľٶ
ǡ
ŷתȥˣܲƹ磬ڰǰߵ죬ʾʵǽǽ⻬١˿̣Ѿǽһ߱պˡ
ĬƬ̣̾һ볯ţЩءǻΪۣʵ۾Ӫ꣬ɣиˡ˾£ǿνά裬в㲻֪˭˶
ܲվ鷿ĺڰ˼ţܾȵؿŲϹš˿ҲϲϹŰԾɥǴ󷽵صݳһš
ˣСǽתġȥ游游˵౨ʵּۣشõѪ԰ģԴ˾ܷĵز飬õġ
ⲻѣܾʣϹٹΪιĴ˰
ҡ˼ЦЦתת˵ڽöۣȷʵˡǡ游ܼʵۡ
ܾڹٳ꣬ȻóŮԲԡ룬Щӣ׷ʣЦЦл
ϹţŲǷš
УǰѾ½Ҷӧ¸Ѷӡһ֪дϹٹ游˵ٸ˻ǰԳ顣һ˲鰸ʦˡӧ˾ɥĲȴһʱβ͸ĿΪΣ޲׼񣬻˶СģҪö
飬ܾȻһ̾ޥʵŮӣϧһᣬɣڡھǳ󣬵Զҽ鵭δڡ޴ӱȽϣƵ˦ͷɻһǴ
ں˼䣬š
عæţ
ˣյһ߱
Ŷ
ܾ꣬Ŀһ˼žʣģ
һġ˵һ˿Žɫ˽ڽشõСɱ
ٴΰ߱ϸһ飬ܾץ𵶣ߡ
׸ٴνѪɺԵĻشãܵϸϸ顣ҹ˿̽ȴЦѡĨȥһкۼֵ׸׷Ѿ
糯ٸϹٷͥ౾ָ׸Ͻΰ³ڷ˵УºŵѪʵ۳׸ܡ
һȺȻ״£ٸǡﰸԶ޷
ƼԾ׸Ĵ治ĹԱҲ顣ةκƳһϹٷţû
û뵽ϹٷԶԣʵ۳һʣٸ̰׷ˣΪָԶ԰²
£شҽ꣬ǣȴһҹĿѪ׸ȴɢ裬Ȳ̲Ҳ׷ֵóĻ̡̻
£
ԡ
һģʵ˼һ£Զ
 

265 ٵ

ּڼʱԶȵؿֶܾǰǽɵģΪʲôҪٻشã
ҾǼ⡣شڳʢҩ𶼹úܣ϶졣
ɡ
ûԶ԰֤ϸּ⵽ˡϾʣҴҽȥˡ
֪ϹٷԼԶԾɲѣתͷ˵£ٸѪŹֻ֣÷顣̸׷
Ŷҵˣ
ҧش𣺡ȷʵ鵽Щ˼ʶڲʵԥһ˵شѪƺйϵ
һ
ʵҲһ
ԣϹٷ˵£˴Իָأò壬˻Ĩڡ
д¹ӧ޲Ĭüͬ˳ĬϹ¸ڴʱͷװû
ȺͻȻľʵ۲ʣô
û˳
ةøò𣿡
֪Ǳµױ๡
üأ
ɨһۣе£ͳأɱ˽ٲƵġΪ϶ߣò顣
վ˵ٳϸ飺ȸ顣
һʱ䣬һ浹֧ӧ޹಻̬ļͷ⡣
߾֮ϣʵ۰ѴǵķӦǸάӧһЩƺپáˣһͻأ𣺡£ΪͳȻ裬ɱ˽ٲƵ´ǲɵġ
û뵽ܲҲӧѣʵʣΪΣ
˵ͳ԰Ȼ̰ƣɽɱ˽ٲƵġ
һʵ۸һʱˣһǲǵģ˵ᰮ䣬ȫȨ飬漰Ϊ˼ɡ
ּ
űߣһּ⣬һæһƳұߵͬţһ۾߻⣬Ȼתȥ
ӧɢͳ첻Ҫϳֻʵ֮ӧְ󣬳Ӳֻȴʱһй䣬ǽҴұߣ˵ͳ죬ԶԶԱ˵شõѪǸɵġ
΢ӧתʣ֤ݣ
֪׼˳顣
ûʣԶԶؾͿԶ̨סתͷӧ߹ȥʣˣô˵ָؽ漰شõѪ
˹֣ʵΣ˲֪ͳ԰ꡣǡԶԲˣӧıӰü
ǽСĵʣͳ죬׸ôˣ
˼һ£˵ֵЩӽЩҪץѱ
ǡ
ˣӧţָص⡣
һߣԶԷɿػص׸˼ܾòֶʣܾϹٹ
԰˳·
˳·ɵؿǲ˵ʲô
΢٣ܾ˵˵۷׷ףûشõİӺˣҲû鵽ʲô˵ȥ游˵һ˵ʲôġ
ֶһᣬԶߵò˵ٸͥ˵Ҳ鰸ʵýҾ˵ܸйϵд󳼡ҡҡͷǶӧ壬һʱѻȸվάӧܶ˸飬̩Ҳ˵¿ּ顣
Ϲٷĵܾһһ뵽ǵţת˼ͷҡͷ壬ҿٸ˵Ǽ٣ּ̼档

룬ӧ̻ʵۣл˵ֻٸѡڳʱͥ˵ɣٹΪɵӧ޲ڡɻʵۿܸӧʥģʵҲ϶ôӰԾּˡôһӧû⣬Ͳɿʵ۶һҡΪ
طһܾ˵ӧ裬޷Ÿʵۣлԡҿúúòһ飬û׼ʲôè塣
ıζԶԲʣܾǲΪ˲ӧϹŸٸ˵ʲô
ûֻǾ׮ѪǸǣӧйϵܾӧֽƲɪ¥ʼӹܳţ߳ϸ˵һ飬Ϲ¡кιЩ˶Ǵ޷б˽ңֲֻ֯͸ĮԵø롣岻ܹ𣿡
ԶԿʲô˼òվļ磬ܾ
ͷ
Ҳաʥּ£鲻ԶԱ½ѰһҪзִ磬Сġ
ġ
 

266 µ

ܾȥıӰԶ΢ŵ̾һ¡µóյֶйأ֪飬µóһΪӧ鷳ʱ˾۵ӧµ永Щӡãĸֶȥ
㵲ѣ̲סʣүΪΣ
ҾӹֵֹġܾСͺȵܹһˡЩ²ɡʲôòС˱˵Ȧס
ְˡ
ǱҪҪ֪
ʱܾԴ۽˴ͳ츮
ϣӧһᣬ˹ʣϡ͡˲鰸ӣ£
¹ڻشõװֳһƬϵȶԺõĵһġ¹ٲ⣬ʴͳ֪񣿡ʾóһͼֽͳõȶԣһģһġ
Ŀ΢ӧĥһ²ŷԸǴȥŲ鿴һµߡ
ǡˣ롣
лܾǸͳˡӧüòڣȷһûжʧߣ
㵣æ˵ˣè¾ɱˡֻһѵɱʱ˿ڣǴ˵ġ
ǵӺδõģ
ŵı⡣
£üӧվȥܾз鵽ⷿ
ǡ
뿪ʱܾ˽ãһ¾ֱ⡣
ıǳǿ󣬸ֶܣȡǻʵ۵װǵɽдŵһɨӣܾͻȻʣΪʲôʮѵ
ʵһ㶣ⷿڻش𣺡ǰͳĻ˼ѵ
ѣ
ǵˡñʱİѵʱ߰˰ѡ˵ﾭЩá
ⷿĽ¼ںδ
ɻؿǿͳһᣬ⡣
ͳ커ߵĵ¼ģ
ٴһ㶣ҡͷѵʲôüǵġ
ڸϵʱܾǱᡣʣ֮వԶţֻøϻ
֪ܾȥ˱⣬ӧβ˵ǹԾˣΪʲôͻȻأ
Ѱ˼ţҴҸϽˣҹǱɵŴ̽ʧ߸ˣҲ֪ǸطͨӦǾһȥ˿Ŵ²²мĻء
͵ʧˣ
ǵġ¸
Ǹ㲻Ҫð𣿡
ɣ۲죬û쳣˶٣æ䣺˷ģ֪أϵġ
ӧǴšϴץһȴ˼ҷңûץס˻ʧˣһֱ˼ҷͷһ٣ӧͻȻ뵽ʲôʣʧ֣кηӦ
һ㶡ӧ⣬ߵš

һŶ룬ͳ죬ܾˣۡƺⷢʲôӡ
üƬ̣ӧڰ֡˳ſ£ڣ˴̽׸ȥʲôӡͣ²Ҹ㼴̳ǣȰ£ݷֻһլӵĳ룬Ҫ
ɴ⣬˳
ﾲӧ˼ΣһʿԸ˼䡣
һʱʿͳ죬ݴ󽫾˵糯ٸ˵ͥԶ²ټԶѯʡԶ˵شѪǣٸ飬̩𿥡ٹԱѣ¾ּˡ
ȲѣӧѰ˼βʣϹٷԶԣ
ǵġ󽫾˵ú֣ʱ˵ʲôû
²͸ӧɻҼǵϹϺةϵܾةѧôϹٷʱԶԲ˳۵ģ
ְҲ̫ס
üӧ˼˺ܾʣةʲô̬ȣ
ة˵Ǳµױ๡
͸ŲԾڣڵ֮ǰû˼ֶϹټҵ˼˭
ǡ
ӧٴεǲ֮ʣܾ˳С
СʯڡС򶫱һשլԺķŶլԺߴż߷߷°һɹɵҩģһﻨ裬Ÿɫݡ߷ʮһ˸ߵʯʯº˵߾ʬ塣ϲѪʬѪҲѾɺˡ
ܾ߽ʱֻһվԺģˡܾӹֵˣʧӭˡĻ䡣
㱨
ǵġĻʮԾظߣ˴˾סֻÿҩģ֦ˮʱʬ壬æ
 

267 

ܾüʮµͣһʱ޺ģȴ˲ͨ˻߲ĥţɫʣ㲻ס⣿
ǰլӹڼªסܡ
вţܾŷԸǾ͵ز顣ʬϵܾͻȻʲô߹ȥץסһ˵һһԼδӳɼ䣬Ƭ̣ٶһȴǴģƺҪʧһæУˡ
ˡ
ǿ
ۿ˿һȵʣʲô
û
ʲô
һ㶣ٴεͷȥǵ༸ˣǴϽʣһޱģİۡ⣡
ˣûʲôѽˡ
ֻøɻתͷȥʬ壬ȴûдࡣĻľٶ߹˵ˣ˵·ˡ᲻кۼأլӸСӣǽҲߡ
һܾͷһָĵط¶һǹƵ½ǡһ˼Ƭ̣Ŵ˳ȥ
լխǷɢǽ鿴ܣܾһǽשԿһۼƬ̣ú졣ã΢΢£üۼСǸׯ԰⿴Ĳ۷ǳƣͬһֱµġ
ǡĶأ
鵽ĺʱ֣ܾһ̧ʬ壬Ļ˻ؾ¼ڹˡ
Զҵ˿ǼլԺĿ¶⡣ҹǾǱԺӡǸʱլסģ֮ȴһֱ˽аһҹգҲԼ͸żֹ졣
벻ּͨȥݿգٴǱԺѰܾȴһ⻨ҡ㸡
ļ߷һǽ棬図Ѱİ̽һӡֱ̽ˣŴӰų߷Ļݣһۡʱ˴Ӱų
Ľˡ図óһֻСӣжһֻɳ棬һֻ㣬մ˻ݵǵȼ㣬ų׷١
ˣ図ߡջصפأͼϢ׸ּشѪ
Ⱦָ̾図ǸЩŷתͷ鿣̲ס˵ӣĺܴءʵּˡ
΢üʣ˭
жشѪϸһ飬図˵ҹȻѹͳǣܷΪáȻЩ쵰ˡ˵ֻҪٱʵ۾ͻּ顣ǡ̾һ£ҾԹĺܺãҴˣǺġ
û뵽Щ£ٴϸһʣģ
ġʱжҲ¼ȨһԶѡû뵽˵ıԡ
˼Ƭ̣ЩζЦЦ΢֪ı󶯣ѹųԿҲܴ졣ϧϹ£á
図ԣ򴽡
ܳô׸Źȥʱһ۷ɱأһƾݡһ飬ܾЦ̫ˡ¿ӧô͡ߣ
ʱӧҴҽ˽á⣬ܾվţһСŲ죬عͷһЦͳ죬¹ٷּ鰸Щ²òʡŴͳˡ
Цýƻӧ裬䲻ȵʣк£
һ·ʴͳ죬·ǲǽ
һӧɵÿ˿ҡеĽ޲ͷϵĹٷ΢ʣ·ģ
˰ɷͽȥС٣֪ǺڳԺڻΣȻˡϴŽ·¹֪Ϊν·һͽϣ
Ŀ¶ζһָֻⴧ¹ٲ²һ£ͳ¸ʹͺнٺãʹ˺ڵĹװĲЩɱ˽ٲƵ
һ㶣ӧĿһŭܾ㲻Ҫſڿӡһ·֤ʲô͵𣿡
ܡͳó˲¹Ҫ˶ԡ˹óһƾݣǱÿװĳ嵥ֻҪ˶һ֪ͳǲȨı˽ˡ
㡭
ͳ첻⣬¹ٲǿ󡣵֪㲻ú˶ԣԵúġ
ȭӧɫࡣλȨأǵһα䡣ҧβǿѹסаһ֣˲
ʱɵƻ硣ӧվţͷɥعڵϣ֧˵
ͳûʵأȴ˴©ٳ޷Բ˵㻹½Ͱɡǡ鹰˹֣ܾۣѺǼﳤȥ
 

268 ˻ظ

䳰ȷӧը˷Ρ˼ɣͻεܾйߡ
û˸ҳվӰû¶档
˺ܾãһͳСȰ˵ͳ죬ְþ׸ǽⷢӡ⼴ҲС©ȸϸûˡ
ߣһţ߻£ݺݰֶһᣬͻȻʣܾةѧ˵ǲةԸҵģ
ĸһ㶡˴˿һشةûгͻΪҪأ
òǣ
ְòܡְáܾСЩ˲ٴӣû׼Ǿôס˻ᡣ
ӧҧܾòǿסԸ˼ͻ˸û߽鷿ھ͸С˵˱ȷϵʱºۼģ¶ϵ²²һߡܾ˸©ؾסšڻʵǰһ¾ˡʵ۵ע̩ϣС©ѣôŵġ
ԣӧվסţͷ˿˵ڣûоáԴСɽصر͵ϮǱ㴦ȴδʧֻܾײץЩҲ޷ıߡ̽ȴ۽˵ǲϸ£ıԹˡĶľ
򴽣ܣʹ⣬ץǸܲ鵽Щʲôġ
ҡҡͷ˵ֻǳ˼š
ӰӰúܳڼ˼ûٳĬУ㴫عӧתһ¹£һɫ橶һϮ衣
΢Цһ£䣬ָˣ
ǰ˵ǰͺˡʱ˳ǣ㵽ȥˡôˣüôΪʲôأ޳ָḧü䡣
ס֣ӧͻȻôˣ˵Щ²˳
ˣʤ˱ҳ¡ǵ԰ȥҸ֧裬һ¡ǳЦţһһͶ˿ûнȴǡ
ƾǣԼ߽԰ϵˮ鿡ˮϲ֪ʱ˵㣬뵡һԻһֻС¯Ų衣
Ƭ̺¹£Ӱѡ
ûйĵ˿񣬺·ɼȴճ˵컡赸ƺĵмƣȴˮת磬ɡ
ؿȻ裬ӧĪظ˲١
գˮ鿣صһ裬ݵӧЦµĲ裬һԡ
š
ڣҲһɡֵ˵ڶ
һӧͷһŷڲ֪ʱˮϣվһԣԾִ١΢ü˵ŮؿЦվΪΣ¡˵˵ʲôˣô

ΪΣҪ¡һۣӧˡ
ǡԥһ£ڲһ£Ƭ̲˵ǰϸͻȻһҶһӰŮɱˡϸţץڣ߲У²Լϸһ飬ְѻشѪǣҲ˵ˡ
ţŮգ˼½ĵ۾¶һ˿ζ
˵꣬ʣҶΪʲôЮǣ
һ㶣˺һ˵ʱҶܼһȥѲˣ·ϣҪƢãͷ쭴
һⷢӣʦЦһת˿ӧӧ㲻һֵǡ𣿡
ĥһ£˵أ
½ҶУֲס֪ȥѰ١߷Ի֡ΨǸŮӡôõӣáϸ˵
΢ӧͷҵܳ£
ЦһŮһ伫ذٳʤڣֻҴ̽ʲôҪһϷ
ǡ
ܺãȥͼһ֣˯þٴηԸһ䣬ӧլء
䣬ߺ̵׷鿵ĽŮӡӧýȢӡ£֪ݣʵ۶ΪӧȢס
һȥӧʲôûҲûӡ
ɢԶһۡҹһ˶ԣ¼סٷߴȱ©صĽҲ˵Щʵȥ
꣬ʵüʣӧ׸˵ȱʧ˴ߡ¼סٷҲʮ顣𣿡
ҹܾǰ˶ԣ֪ġϽϣ֪ûִʮԾ
һۣЩʶȥˣ
 

269 ҹϮ

ƺûʵĲãӧݻش𣺡֪ЩȥˡûŲá漴һת£㳼ϽϣҲܰѻشѪ߸ɣ
бһۣԶԿڳ壺ͳԲӡ¹û˵ͳѪйϵ
ֶڵǰָݲߡ
ͳˡܾ鰸ʱֽµĶϵ¼ףֲ⣬ֻѯʺ˶ԡ˭֪˶ԵĽǽ˺ܶණԴͳϴɵġԶԲŲæز⡣
һӧԻʵ˵£Ϊ׸û֤ݣֻǲ׽Ӱ
ǳʵ˵ᰮ䣬顣ĿղҪ㳶̰ϡ
ּ
֪ʵ۲ΪС³ʹӧԶûо˳
ߺ󣬻ʵûʣڿ˵ˣǲ޸ʲô˵Ĺ
΢һ»ʵۣӧת˵ӢЩǳĻõģ÷Ҳ˷ѡÿÿʾ˾ԼȥȡУֻ˸̩ɻشõѪ볼޹ءҲ벻ͨΪʲôðɱ˽ٲơ
ߣ޾֪õġ㿴㣬߰㡣
֪
ѵ˼䣬ʵ۲ʣΪθ̩
ֹ̩Ź֣⡣
üз𣿡
ʱûС¾ûҪ𣿡
˵أߣΪʡģأ޸нٺ̫ͣʹͲ͵ɵó䣬ʵ˵úðպ޷һǳأȱǮԵ
л¡·ġ
ٴεһۣʵ۷Ը棬ԶԣĿղòˡǼְأʮʾͽ䡣
ʵ۵Ŀʹ׸ܾü״ԶԷԸּ£ֶļ˵㿴˰ɣӧóţˣʵۻǻ̵ġ

شõİӸò黹Ҫģ˵永óʵʵڵ֤ݡһƬϵһ¼ֻ֤װãǸɵġ
һܾͷ˵ֶ֪
ص£ܾûоʵ۵̬ȣȴǵ࣬ǵۣԽԽϤҲ벻ƣи۽˵ˣлҪ
ںδ
š
һ٣ڵ˳ȥ
׸ţ図վš
΢ô㣿
ˣشѪҲ²ⲻǽɵģӧɱΪǺ䷢ٹǲС򡭡ѹ˵˼䣬˵˶ӣȰҹȽϰȫ
ġ룬ܾǰ図˸á
һʱ̣ܾ˳˳ǡʱ図·ǱСһջԶƬ̣ԴһẰٶ֡ʧҹĻ
ʱ󣬿ջһɧң̶ӰܶһƬ
ͬһʱ̣ʯⷻվڸ¥Ƭķ
ҹϮջ׸Χ˵ļƻŵġǴգˡȻܶ䣬ָ֪ԼжԼǵı֮࣬˳ټһѻ𡣵˾Ϊ˰ܾս᰸סжͷǵ֡
ţķߵԡͬս˶ò
תһļ磬Ǹ˵ʦ֣ԲסΪңǼ˺ġ
üӹһĨɫķǳĬһ˲˵Ҵˡ½Ҷʱ͸뵽ġ
ĬȻƬ̣ɰοѪծվҪģǲȷʵˡ˭֪ϾȻжѩ飬ӻ˶Էʦ֣㲻ľЯѩϬ壬СΪϡ
š
ʣʦ֪ʲô𣿡
һصзŻӰϰ֮ܽıʣɣҲ̥ǣƷӰܣ涾֮ǧ湲ӣܵѷͽѪܹ֮ʹлɡΪϰ̣߰һȫ֮ǰĪ⣬ΪѪжѪ֮أ²ɢ֮Ѫߡ죬ʲѣƤӳѪۣͷ浽Ѫ֮ܲǰҵʩջѪ򡭡޽⡣
伮ļأ̾һӰʧΪһ˵û뵽ȻྩǴ۽硣ֵǣ˾ǵУΪҪί͢Ϊ˻أ
׽Ļһ⣬ʦֵ˼ǡӧͼ
 

270 

źҹеСķ򴽾˵ȥƶûĳϸҪɫӽϹ¡ǣϹʲôֵ֮ӧ˼
ţǼжӣʮɥʮĸ׹ѹǱ˱լྩھԺſ˹ʶЯһΪ½ѩİõ½ľټ˸Ʒ죬ھǡһӭȢ½ѩΪޡҲ²Ϊÿڣ½÷ȥǰ٣ȻټϹ¡дһֺ֣Դ̸µ壬ҲмּغͲŸɣȻʶԺְƷɡ
½ܻ鹫ϹڳоǨ½ʤӹٽϹ²δõôֱϽ̳ǿϣ½ְһѣϹ²ŵμԺְƷд½սڳʧУֱ֮䡭
ɵĻ˵꣬ķʵȥϹ档顣
вҪ̲ǵ۹Ҫࡣ£üɻ񲿵Ĳûʲôġǹ¡
ͬĥãķҡͷ²͸
ûȼۣϵ¥鿡ѻָͳ˴˿Ҫս
磬Σ
ջʮˣŮŮӹѲһ¾ˡɱеģܾץһ˵ġˣ֪ܲʳڹŶֳ鱦ҩģǲ֤ݡ
ǵ书Σ
֣ŮӶСɽصߵŮġֹػö
鿰ѽֵϸ˵һʣҶ㣬ӧѾʧ˶ʮʿһܲµóߣǾ᲻ᱻŭˣ
ҿشѪ˽ӧضᾯġô׾ͱŭˣǵǺ¡ĥһᣬ˵˵жԲߣҪ衣
áˡУҰ޳ǰȫЩ
ྩӿ⣬ո˵½Ҷоʡȸ˺һֱڰӪξҲڡңҲûгֹ
УңԶ̬еţһڿͼ
½Ҷһ²Լæ½Ҷݼ
̧ͷƬ̾ʣ㲻ˣ
ҡ
½Ҷг𣿡
һ㶣½Ҷһ£û˵
֪ºĳӣӾ¾Ϊ˶ܳң˭Ҫɱ㣿ҪҾ㣬ˡ˼Ҫɱ㣬㻹һ˵ûش𲻻شңԶһ⣬ε䡣
½Ҷֻ˵лȡ˭ţ
㻹ûشء
Ȼ
ˣҸ㣬ǸŮӡļǵȣһʱľȥ˳־㡣á
ЩİΣ½Ҷ̲ס׷ʣģ
ˣ֪ġǾУŮ˲¡ңԶ۶գѡ
һ½Ҷſڽһ˵ھʱ¶ҡǶرҺþǵľҡȷʵΪ˱ܿңҲΪ˲ξĥ¡
üʲô
Ҳ֪ʲôֻ֪һֹƳ档Ƭ̣½ҶѾԼĵ˵ˡ
һ⣬ùƳ溦㣿ĳô
ҵĳ׺ңЩͽ档һ׷ɱҵǶģ˭ҽ˶
ľңԶƬ̣˵ղҲ飬Ҹһ
뽫Ը
ʱһ̣½Ҷһʿף뿪˴Ӫͬһʱ̣Ҿ̵ǧʿΪ㣬ͷ߾Ǳȥ
鸮һƬס
ĻٴΰϹ¹סûǣҶƺһִûз
îʱˣķϹϴ緹˵үƺ겻˵¶ǻʼ顣뵽㾴ݣȥȥ
һ㶣Ϲͷˣȥء
Цһ§סĲӣһҾͳţ·̣ĺǰضҲڸү׼ȥ߽㡣
ááңҡЦŰһˣϹ־ϳȥˡ
ʱ󣬾ĴӣѾߣ¶¶ȥճǳŶҪ֪ӡѾߵһڣ꣬ȥ޻زźء
 

271 йŹ

ڷ̵Ҧתתͷ֧Ѿǣ׼ƣ̣ҪҪˡ꣬
۾һᣬü˼Ƭ̣ܳүô
δزܡջһүûȥ㵤¥ӾˣҲġʱֻҪӰѻ𡭡¥˶ء
һáȥͯ
ǡ
Ҧַȥϣź⡣ǰʮֵó̫ǻؼ̽ʱ°ڮ٣ձϹʱǵ͡
ֻ£ٲ֪˶١ϸò׵ѾǱʹıġһҦĶԺ󣬶Ծ˶˼
ҦֳŰ컵ʱص佻û̫͵ʻ֬
С㣬ʲū̵Ѿ˵һˣ˵Ҫȥȥ
ǸӰɡ˿ţǾʣȥ㣿
˵ǵ¶¡
΢һü¶£
ͷ䣬ʱūƵһ£ŵ˵ߡУҦҲˡ
ü˼Ƭ̣ʶؾмֹŹ֡
һ㣬һŰ£ûʲôĴӲȴǣҦֳŵʱеɺϡʱ磬ȥҪôһɣ
˼ţʣЩҦֵȥ𣿡
ֻǰţģûС
֣ţͻȻð⡣
壬ȥһ˺ӰȥҲ²ȥʲô˵ġУҦֳҲ͸żֹŹ֣ʱȸ߷ȥˣ˵󣬴ӵ¶»سǵĹٵҪپġ
һ̲סʣС㣬ٶѽͲǺˡ
ݸǺˣҲǺˣáҧڲشõѪȥû׼ܷЩʲô
ˡ
ȥˡվڴǰյķ磬ɡ
ָ֪𣿰ܾûˡ
ˣ߽һӡ
С㣬̩ġ
ȵشһǰܲģȥķͽһֻǷѣܣתһ룬Ǹ߳ظԼ
ؿ˵С㣬̩ͦĵġ檳ȺҾ˸Щ빫Ҳ
Ҳȥǡյľе΢һѰڸȥһ»ܰæŷ书Ӧúܸߵġ
ţ΢Цһ£̶ֻ̣Ҷ̵һǰ̡˰Ǻõġģأġ
ǺáǡҾСǲ̫ãзԷġ
Щ˽ͷȥǡȥػɡЦŰѳȰߣǼһᣬǾܲӡ
̩˻ȥʱһѾСŽ˾Ÿ
С㣬ū˵̩С˷ӡ
̩һվʣ֪ʲô𣿡
ҡͷ֪ū澿ӳȥػԸ
˸̩ˣѽٴ£˼˺һᣬ̫ˡҸָ̩϶ˡ
üɫ裬Ѿ߰Էۣ̲ס˵С㣬ǴС޸̩Ǳȥˣ

빫ֻǸˡǧ𣬼޸δίˡ
һǲɵһü㶮ʲôҲ֪ʲôǰʸ֦𣿵Ҽ޸ɣԸȥ˵ġߣ޵Ѿߵ檣һءĸŮ˻ɷøŮˣֻɵ
һ£Ѿ߲˵С˳ȥ
ĥһᣬԸȥ߷ʱҵٴζžӴ
ϸŮǸ˼ʱ֣һʻڵ¶ǰͣ¡˳ȴһɴ
ӣȥǰƷȻǫ̃µţһҪġԸһĴȥ
յͲࡣĿбӵߣܿʧڴ˶ٽŲת˸䣬ʧڴࡣ̺󣬾߳ʱͼһøһվڴ⡣úʮ˵Ҫի
ˡ
߽˵¶µǴһСɵĸ䣬ǹǧصĵطµӺ󣬸ķӰ΢΢üһܣͷ˹ȥ
 

272 ֹ

͸ýС䡣һСšСһСԺ䡣ԺоţС᷿ţһСá˸롱ƣȥ
һ߽࣬Сá
̴㵭ûˣֻŵһҡ⣬Ķ˶ٽŲ˽ȥ
ʺһϮ±
üף񣺡İݼˡ
֮ǰúܺáԽҪ˵Ϊá
һ㶡
̧ͷʱǰѾˣСϷһֻƿ
סƬ̣ĲƿĲ߳СáԺУഹվšŲ죬˵˸ҡ
Ŀһ
ظµạ́ģֻ
΢ͷ߻СţбһСԺǵܡһӣʧС
ܺķӰСó˼ʼգ˽ҲֻͣһĹһ£ûǱȥٴƹܣȥ
իƵطԸ°ѼƷںùԼѾӵǳءԶԶؿȥӰĥŲߡ
뿪¶²Զ͵סػһܣһ̣ذνᵲ
ۣ
ɢ
һͣӰΣңϢԾ𣬼ݱڲݴƥȴ鴤һ£°ĭز
ϾԼӰʣ˭ͷ¶β
ùǷӰɡ߳һˣһŹסݣͳмŹĮӰ㻹ĹӿȥҾȱҪˡ
˵󻰡߸һӰϡ

飬ֲʮغϣӰ͵غˣְγһѺ̣Ӱ֮ٴֱ˺ˡǺƴƾס˲Ӳӣֻкˡ
ץס϶ӰȰʧ
ܿһвƵĵɬζϷ׷ϡ
ӰȥʱǺܲ˳ǡ⣬ǻûǰ򣬶Ǳǰ¶µĹٵ
Сǣ㲻뿴
һеŷݸûʲôÿġǧ֮壬̫Զͨ¶µĹٵܿҲ࣬ǾȥǱɡ
Ǻǡá
˽һʱͣܣʱ˵һۡ£︽и羰Ĳ£ٵȽϽһ壬ǹȥ
ȥδܲЦŴӦ
˲ǰȥһƥǿţֱߵˡСѾͷģŷЦѣԸһУԼ˴ܲ
ǲ²Զ²Զˮһ㡣
㡣ϲ߹ȥͷ˿ò

ϪˮǳȺܿǱˮУɢȥ
ιܣߣܵ졣˸գĿ¶Ȼ
ĹĵģܲʧЦСǣֻǵġ

׽𣿡
ᡣܺ档Сʱ򣬾˾˾ҳǣǰ棬Ǳһ壬ˮ峺кܶ㡣˾˲ˣ¾ʮ῾㡭ܺóԡĿʱ⣬ǲԾǡ
ˣܲЦϲףȥǱ߰ɡŷ׽㡣
»᲻׽أ⻰ͻȻúܺЦת
żЦܲɵ÷һ£˵Ȼ
Ųء
ҡܲ׼һ£ŷͻȻקסСġ
˶һ㶡ţһĺƺԶ

ɱˣ
ѽ
ͬһһףת뵽˾ģæӵܲߣ£ʲôǲ٣
ʱؽˣ
һȣվס
Ҫţѽ
ҽһתͷæʣ壬ôе죿
е죬ǡ
ѵɱˣ
ͷһæߴٵŷͳ죬ƺЩԾǸϹȥɡ
ɡܲŷüְǱܲİΣ˿βЩԥ
ˣ˵£ôֹأǻǹȥû׼ܾһ
ܲǺܳסͷ˵ŷǹȥСǣҡ
ܲͷߡûŷֻʾ⻤ɢԼϵǰ濪·
 

273 ׻

һѭǰһ˾ٵԶһһһƬϡĲݴԼ䣬һѾ߻ɸһȦͷУǾĵѾߣ
ʮӸԵڵϣɫѪۣɴۣŴ죬ž֡Ѫζһ˿㡣
һ˹ȥһô⣿ʲôˣ
𣬰ѽңҡһᣬͻȻǰܡ˻عקסܳ˼ͻȻۡһҽУվסֱͦͦһ飬ˤڳ֪ʱܲĺɫѪۣĿ
ô˸ŷҲӦѸݣգۼعæָ䱸
ܼžƺͣˡŲζ
ĬƬ̣ŷͻȻȣ£˵ʱʱ죬εʣ
ĵʲôۣѪ
ŷʶ㣬֪죬²Ӳӣתקסܲˣ޲¹˲ʲôǣͬקӡǲϰ䣬Ҳޣֻʺ˼ֻòȵʲôһʹһ
һˤ˾ˣǸٴѪȻ¡ۿǾҪѪܵбһƬɫţԾһᣬƺ֮յѳѪֵķΧ
عնתͷһֻһŶıĿȴעǰŴɫءܾѪ˳
ˣ
ع΢ͷһ£ɿƵ󣬵˵йŹ֡
û뵽ɲ΢ףҧҧǿѹסĻš
ܾţû˳ŷܾռһǣػšѹֵÿ£ƺݷ˶ɡ
еĿɲ˶̣ܵķٴ˴˶һۣܾʾ۽䱸Լǰȥĵصһ̣ٴ˻
ŷæʣΣ
ǰ˼ˣǡǸƺˡشܾ꣬ſܲү˴ȫϽسǰɡ
룬ܲתͷ򼸾ʬ壬ͻȻ˵ܾ㿴Щ˻죬ϴε߲ѽ
ţ
Ƥ졣кܶѪۣ߲ûСϸƬ̣ܲ£ָ졣
û뵽ô˵ܾ˵£߲ȴƺһ־綾һġݹأǲҪͣˡ
ûµġҲ࣬һȥŷ⣬ܰһ¡
΢סתͷҲʾ֧֣԰ǲ֪ûʲôֻ˼óȻ뿪ȫһ˵ţҲתܣ͵ע⵽ʲô
㿴Ǹɫϡôˣ
ѣܾ߹ȥͷһһ
ʱĹƬѪ׷֮أѪ䣬漸Ƭ֫Ϊ˴ǽɫ۱Ѫܵԭ⻬Ķ澹ʴһϸܵСڳˡû뵽˿ֲܾʶش˸ҡ
˼Ƭ̾˵ŷͳ죬Ǳ˳Щ롣Ǽ䡣СǣǼѲһ¡
ǡĸӦ£ܲһ˺ʮಽ
ۼһܾæµܲת˿ǣʣûɣ
û¡ȷʵһ
Ȼˣµġ
š
ο˼䣬ܲͻȻʲôʣСǣѾʶǸȥŮӣ
ǾѾߣصķٿǼߵصʬµʲôܵ˵һҹжµɣ̾һ
ѵȴѪΪʲôҪɱ
˼䣬ܾǻصǰɫء
ȥĵطǰ󣬹ᴩٲ룬ɢģĺӣһ߲ʬƥͣһԣһ״ʮ⣬һ˵ڵϣͷͬ鲼ۡಽ֮һģ쵹ڲݴӼҪۿ߶ڱб޲Ŀɿڴ˼ľš
ԶһƬݴҵһʮµĺӣⶼʧصض۾ֱ޷۽ɸߵףֻزҽţѽ
֪ôˣܲԾѡ˵ʲ˵ǸŮӽܾ͵رһ£˱©û׼ܾ¡
壬¡ȥ
 

274 Ϸ

סҧܾһʬ塣ϸһᣬָżʬ˵ӣӡǸĳ˵ճŵ¶㣬ˡ
⻰ܾüëһǽӵ˷붨ĿŸ鿴ģû뵽˿ֲѪȵһĻ˼ţʣ֪˼˳𣿡
ҡͷ
⼸أ
ûװǸĻ
ĥŷ붨ߵĴ٣շ˵ġжܾЩ²⡣ܲڳѯʣ߻˵үûʲôˡسɡ
ҪġôҾ֤Сǣŷظ
ɿҡͷתͷװһѹ˵ľﲻ˰ɡһңҪҵöѹѽ
㵣ܲ뻹ǵͷǺáܾ˻سǶЩǸû
ܾȴЩЦֻܱסӦ
ĺӾ׸ĴַɢܱϸϸѲ顣ͼҲˣС֮ȷжѾûжԣŰʬãߡ
һֱվܲ߿æµȵֶܾ߻æʣˣҵ𣿡
ҡͷԶԿ˿ǾʣϹľĳˣ
˵ȥ¶㡣ңȥѾ߶Ǹġ
Ǿˡûҵ˵ܵôԶɡԶԻһתϹҲүȥ¶£
ԣܲ΢һǣӿڻش𣺡ˣǳһĹٵĳҲ٣ߡԭҪȥĺ岶㣬˺йŸ
һԵܾȻóɣԲһۼææˣǱߵĺ̲ҵһŮӣŵòᡣ
ȥʱ˲ǣԶԴֶ۴ҴҸȥ״ܲ˼һ¾ʣСǣҲȥû׼Ǿ
Ѱ˼θȥǰϲæӦ
̺˴ݴԣһˮԿһŮӡǳˮ޷ңȹʪһ룬ȹЩѪСһ˺ۡż磬ͷҽУţ
˽Բʶȴס˽šӰ֪Ǿġ
ԥһ£߹ȥ
˼£̧۵ֱֱصǺһᣬƺ۾һͬ־ݰһ˹С㣬
ͻȻ͵һ񺮡ľ֮£ֻһˣһ˼״һҲͱȡܾոǿһס˾Ҫˤǣˣȴһײ˸Ϲܲ
УܾܾܲͬײǣӦ䲻֮£ֻñǱ
£
ܾ
С㣡
ˤһţѸһԱеĽУĲʱѾĸˡǾ˹ΪܾסǺˣȻ˿ˡƺǱˤϣͷԹżٿޣȴȻ˵Ǳ
æһᣬǲĲվݲȹǸ˵ˣҲáû˰ɣ
ϵЦС¶ѡûˤŰɡ
û
ע⵽ֶһᣬԶԶʱֲˣһܾܲ㿴㣬º޷ִ硣ү񡣡
һܾܲæת񣺡ʧˡүˡ
ŷĲվܲûŭЦЦҡͷЩС¡Ҫġ첻ˣȴ°ɡ
ǡӦţܾʣСǣǾ
԰ҧҧǻʾ塣嵹ǲ¾ģ߹ȥ̣û°ɣ
ˡС㣬Һ⡣ǵù͸ѽصؼٿޡ
״ǰŮװǼʵ߹οˡûˡʲôѽˡ
ѽˡء
žĵĽܾԱģ˼ž˵СǣȻҵ˾ͺˡɫˣȻسɡҪ㸸׸żˡ
ܲҲžģЩȣ˼ȴ
ܿ죬ֶ°ֳֿ㻤ܲǡһзྩ˳ǣܾűϸţȻȰһ˵ȴؾ׸ܲûԸ
ϸϹ·ûʣƽŶôû
 

275 װ

벻ͨϹΪʲôԼƽҪش𣬾ýŲ졣һ˽һŵĹˣȻʣүòѽ
ǰ
ѽô£һͳȥ¶㣬鵽ʱûˡҪҪȥңһûٴϲȴʵعػ
üϹµͷƽȥҡ
ǡƽתּҵķɱŽү̣׸˵չٵϷװ
ôˣϹڵվʡ
ھ׸˵ͷȥһˡ
£ϹüƬ̲ŷԸƽȥʲô£
ǡ
Ϲϵƣд֣ת˵ñϾŮ졣ּҵģܼȥһ
⣬ּҵСųȥˡ
ˣٲЦ˵үˡôˣûԡɲáʵ⣬Ҫүɡ
һ뵽ֽ˾׸Ϲ¶پмֻһʱʧȥȡֵȤͷ԰ɡ
ˣбһҦ֣Ը
ͬһʱ̣׸Ժʯϰ¥ļȣܲˣк˶¡
þˣܾˣȳԷʰɡСǣ⡣൱ʣ㳢һºòóԣŷǼҲ¡ȥգôֲ£ȱѹѹ
үԲƴǣˡ
˿ûаڼӣܲһչǣʣܾ㲻Ǹէȥ߲֢״𣿡
û뵽˿壬ǲʣ£ÿֲ𣿡
ȷʵֲܿǡʱڹУҿµļأֻǼأҲ֪һЩʵ£Ϊֲ֪ΪΣûôˡ
ɷнµ˵һļ˶Щȡܾԩɣ߷ðһ󵨵Ĳ²⡣Զͬ۲ܲ˼
˷ԶԸѯܲļšǡŷ˰ѸԵϸ˵һ顣
ǵĽԶⲻѣ
ǰ״ΣĵؽŹҪʲôġ˵ǸͻȻվܣûܼվסˡܲ̾˵Ǹȴû¡ôˣ˷ǸΨһĻڡ
΢ܾתͷ˵£ʧˡСǣЩ˻ҪͷѾٴʬ
⣬Ǵ壬ܾȥ
ˡԶԿǵıӰв졣񣬶ЦʣˣԺٸŮֶһ𡣷ף
һ㶣ԶԻعæ˵ȷд¡ϹٹͻСЩҲ룬æֶƲ塣
ٸ۹⣬ܾ˲ųڣǺ¡һܲʱֲ֧һ·óܾ⣬ȻϹټͲӭȢǡôһ룬Ǹ֡
˸ˣԶ̲סЩֻܲɵͷɵԡǽӽܲضģΣױϾǻʵһϹ¡
һߣǸܾ߽õСԾվȡ˼һ£ܾʣСǣĳ˴پģǲǸ˰ŵģ
ƤգۣݸӢ
ʧЦҡͷ˵άˡǲǡ֣
⣬ǵл˵ϴε¶лˡҲ֪ʲôֱһ빫ǲһֽģǱ븮ȥ֪ô֮ԳϣǰѵܷܵԼ֮ɣҹ̽ϸһ顣Ȼ󲹳һ㣬Ŷ־ͳˡҾú֣֮²²죬˳ǿ
û뵽ֹ죬ܾ֣ͺʣʲôر𣿡
Ҳһ֪⡣ֻ֪Ѫж
ԣ˽ٳ־ģΪԱѪɱˣ
δҲ²⣬֡ģװġ˼һᣬѵΪĿֲö࣬¾ڳȲҪŭΪá
£üܾƬ̾˵·˼һ˲һٳǺܾܲǸӣ֤ˡ
˶СģҪǿΪӧϵǳ
ͷһݣܾʶ𶾺򴽣ͷ
 

276 

ʱ¼깩ʣʬѱϡ룬ܲھ׸
Сǣܾˡʱ磬ǵȥɢɢɡ
Ŀ¶Σתװһûӣܵ£ֳҪȥߵźáҲ˾ţȥϢɣջҪϳġ
Ŷȥ
ǿиߣֻõͷܲȴܸˣ˵·Զ߰ɡ
š
˲ŽǰߡΪ˶ѰҲעĿһ֣Ź䣬би¡
תһܲɵһ̶Цɣصˣ
תͷһƣǲ΢Цһ¡ռľһʱ䶼ɢȥֻûϲޡ
ݵ˹ɹ⿴һǣ΢΢һЦϹҲ⡣
빫ӣòˡЩӻָЩ𣿡
лģöˡЦŻش꣬ʣʲҾ׸һ˺£һʱû뵽ǡɡ֪ºϹﵽ׸ΪΣ
⣬ܲ̾һ˵ǳȴ˹¡һֻ֪ɲжȴ֪ѪҲ֪±ռһ
ţɲɫüôŹ֡߸أҲ棬ôŹֵ»ǵһ
ǰǴ۽ѽ
ϹҲǣûŵɣЦһ䣬ʮȻظߣһǰȥ
̸˲ãϸˡ
նлˡ빫ӣ󲡳Ҫúһӡվסţòеضһ䣬˸ֱ͢
⣬˱˴˿ûܲʣ˸롱ƣ£˵ӣ輧ȥɣ
ܲĥһ£Цá
Ϊ½԰Ӳû֮صġ
⻰˵ùֵֹģܲһۣʲôʲôȥģǲһˡ
벽ӣȥתɨһ½ֽǡֽǵӰ図ûҹɫ
⵽ԶԴŴ뿪ǣ֪±Ϣͳ˳ǡűֵ֪̩ǳǣ˵ȥ뾩׸һ£ɾ֮¾һ̽ھ׸⣬ɺϵءżˡ
ܲɴҡ߽ӣʱ図Ѿ˾׸šͬһʱ̣ѽյһһʮظ߸ס
ֹ
¶һֵı飬ǿŵؽеǰˣӶˡúòҡ߸Ҳˣһˡģû£龭ܻġ
û뵽ᷢ£پ֮һתž̫ˡү˵ȥһ˵¶£ô˹أүǸĸ£ȥȥɷѽ
룬ϹʣŶȥˣ
һ㶣Ҧָæش𣺡ү̴ȥѾߣӣһ򡣡
԰ɡǶ˵˼Ѿߣ
һѾߣӣһƺһء
ú֣Ϲʣ¹¼ү׸ˣҪҦȥʻ
󾪣ҦʶһͬżˣæʲôѽôûҪҦˣ
С˲ֻ֪˵ʡ
ɨһ٣ϹĿһʲôȥȥ
ҾܾҦȻ˿٣ͷȥˡ
Цǹ˵Ůе֡û׼Ǳй¶ˣŻµġǵһóȥ°𣿡
Ѱ˼ž׸ΪδҦ֣һ⻰üһԩү㿴ѽǼլѽóŸңСָɣأԩѽ
Ϲ˵һЦڽû˵й¶ġ㼱źʲôԩѵ飿
һʱſڽ಻֪Բ
㶼ˡŮʲôû˵ٴδ̼Ϲһ䣬Ǹȥ
عЩڨڨؿϹ¡صƬ̣û˵ܼҵģǶ˵öԣ˵𣿲С
ү
ȥҲ뿴㡣
״ͷһҲ֪ͷϣֻøˡ
˼ϹµüͷúܽǸԾˣȻóٺҦɫ죬ŮҲһŹֵúܡö˶ˣΪξȥ¶㣬Ҳǣǡǳ׻أ
˼һϸĽŲһǻƮʣүÿ°ˡ
عһ뻳
 

277 

סϹµͷһǾġ˿Ե÷㲣ɢҵ޷ȹҲʪɣۣȴԵó
Ŀ޵滨꣬أүūҺòţѽˡͽ
޿Լˣ֣˾׸ȴ˹ʣûûˮȣƽ͸ľͷƵţԼ磬ּҵۣԼùͶԶԶأơ
ĿϹ¿Щıο˵û£ûˡͺáˣޡˣȰѾͻ㵤¥Ѿߺú÷̡
žԼƽ߹˵̣Ȼȥʰʰɡ롣
ү
ȥȥɣЩȥ㡣Ϲ°˼䡣
ضϹһҪȥ㵤¥οԼĲųҭҭˡ
ߣƽ߻װϸ˵¸ǵ롣
꣬ϹüʣôһѾߣ
ھ׸ʱиѾȥѰ˵ԸڹƷŪҲĳ˺ܾòһ˻ĳӴϡصʱˣɻصǰ˵ھ׸æȥѰҡҲ˵Ѿȷʵ¹ġ
ְǰۣǸӽͯߣǳ￪Сķġ˿һҹװǴ˼ҵĹ¡ƽ˵
̧ۿϹµʣý¡йϵ𣿡
Ƭ̣ƽش𣺡үԴ⡣Ҫ˵֣ܵġ
ߣİϹЦ⼸ԽسˡһŶһΪıͻݶء
ƽû
һᣬϹ²ɵӵ־磬ͷݣطԸҦǲȥǸͯߣ
΢ݣƽӦǡ
ҹϹȥüʲôûʣֻҹȰοȣϹ±ò˵ʡġ
үΪʲôòǻû¾ͺá
㵹ÿ˵⼸ٵңô
΢תЦЦȽǶŹءЩ˭ǰĶͶׯ
ׯһϹͻȻ˵˵ׯҲֻзˡǶҲѧĸװ㡣
үС㳤ͦ˵ġ
񣬶԰Ƕۿɶˡ˵ʲô̩ǡյ£Ĳ֪ǼٵĲ֪ҿǹ̩ϵһȥֵġͰټҵ¶ڡûһͣġˡ
üѵˮǿһ䣬Ȼ⡣
ͬһʱ̣㵤¥ڴϣͷ鿴ֱϵ˿ڣȵʣΪͻȻɱ䣿
һı˱ۣŭļҡ
;ľͻȻѣһԭк֪ʱסžĵĳǵҪ⳥ᣬķԸЩǮǼߡ
˭ϣǮȥûһУƺֲ⣬ĸɴ³ȥк·ΪҲ磬һǧģʱɫġ¼˹ߣֵȴСûȾ˴УһѵСĲֱۡ
˿һ֣ѪȪӿеӵһܹס˿ڣʻѪѰ˴ֻ֮գۼ䣬ӾѪ棬ض˶ʱŵõ˻꣬Сйɢӡ֪ܱ¶вأһݣϾɱ׷ɱУͻȻǡƣɱĴʢ˦һزʬҪ˳ƻɱǣȴȱŷסֱܾ¡
ۼ׸ˣֹֻϢɱǱԶֹּסѪȻǱغȵˮټװܾк˳ظص˳
꣬˼žʣЩǹҲġ˭㣿
ߣ϶Ǹˡҵó裬ʢ֮졣֮ǰ;ӣӾ·١࣬ǸŮӣ°ȥ³Σһɱڡ
ԣ˵ոҵǸŮӣҲ²ǷӰ
⻰һ㶣ʣʲô
꣬Ƭ̣Ŀ¶⣺ǸСѾͷģѵЩͽǼģ
 

278 ұ

¶ҡͷȰ˵ҿδءСѾͷǷ㣬ȥֵġ԰ꡣҪ֪ˣδ˵
΢죬ͷȻóֻƿ˵˴´ԸҪչ鼺áʲô
ƿţ˸Ľ͡۵Чõöࡣպ󣬲ȥˡĥһ£ȰѲ°áϡ书һֻ־ҵպټƽϰɡ
룬ѹɱģš
ҳװܾôơ
뿪ĶƬ̲ŵͷֱϵ˿ڣƿҩĿϢ
㵤¥ĵƻϨˣ佻ŵơ
ǶŵоɣЩĵǡúܾãŶ˵ȥӰûʲô֡
ǡ
Щڸٸ߷ҲҪСġ
صͷ
ٶԣϨ˯£ȴ˯ţۿźڰãɡ
ָʱص᲻ӧϣë꣬պЩĴҲСЩ
佻ˣӣŸ˿󣬸ɴᣴ輧ǵߣɴ᣺ɺܲռ齵һࡣ
б齣ֻվƱ棬̲ܲסʣôſձӣ
ЦЦƺܲ˵£Ǻþơȵ㣬Ҫ˿ߵġ
㲻ȣ
Ҳܺȣһûָƣٵúȵһ롣
ܲɫѵΪΣáҸմӹûһкò衣
ЦЦЭܻһģͽ˾ſ롣ǲǻΪϲЩͻ㣬Ǯˡװӡ

ϵɫɾʣ֪Ͼؾְϴ𣿡
ˡ
˵ǰ󣬶̬Σ
һʱû⣬ܲ㶲Żش𣺡ʲô̬ȣЩûȥǶ֪ܷģһ쵽˵Щûõģúܡû˼䣬ͻȻ˵ҾСǺܺáɣȢСǣΣ
է⻰ɲɵõ
ιΪεԼƿ֣ܲʧЦһֻһֱ
ʹʶһ֣ڵһֱ壬ʣ£ڿЦɣ
ûЦ㲻֪ģɹˡжһգ図ҡ
ܲһ糯֣ǰ߳·ӧڼ䣬άԼԼϸ˵һ飬ȻڹʶɣӲģʱҾͺϲܰѽڹߣ˵ʲôѽó˵˵öãȫû˱ˡ
£̾һ̲ס߸ʡ˵ΪɫҹΪӣ֪ԸԼϯΪηҪǲɣΪģǿãȻˣͲѹˣʧʼҵ棬Ắ˳֮ġ˼ǰ󣬾ø˵öԡģȴ⣬ǿҲȤȢȥݡ˭֪˷ؾڲˣҾСǺܹҵģȢǺܺ𣿡
üëֱɾ֪ʲôζתɫԣ²Ȣ
Ϊʲôֲ
£ΣϹ¶ǻʵһġϹ³Լ׼ңȡ˽յķɻڴԶҲȻΣѵͲԹ𣿡һ£ϹͶʼĩܲ
꣬ܲʣ˵֪ڲϹ¸ܲš
ԡԴΪ֮Ͷ˶֮֮仹ûб£һû塣֪Ϲֻ飬ѵ֪ʵ۶̬Ů޸𣿼޸㣬Ҳضػġ
£ʱ˿̲˶Ů鳤ǲ޹ȵǬʱ˵һĹȰ
ǡһᣬܲһĶͷԡΪθüȥ
ûС
ѡһҿܾ֤
ˡֻίߣػشһҶ֪֮٣˶١
ɵؿģ
һʵصͷ
ΪСǾȥ㣿㲻ȢǲΪҲˣһ룬ܲͻȻʡ
ԣһ㶣ػش𣺡Ȣʡ
û뵽ô仰ܲһ̶İŭ˵㡭
꣡
 

279 

һܲתͷһɴĸ裬ûһصɵ˵˵˵˵˵ôˣ˽ģװһ˽ӣߣʶãŲϲ㡣
һܻɷһЦٴθ˱Ʋ˵£Һʶˣ֮ǰ
ôʶģ
ҳԶʱһҼ
ܲȻ
мµ²֪øңһֱŽڣ㣬ֻѡû˵ǾҳеڣҵԾҡҲŽڣ϶ġԡҸȢת˼óµĻ
ȻܲͿ볯ԶҲô۽ˡúӡֻʣΪʲô⣿
ΪʶҲ⡣
ԶԣܲȻƱһ
±ķˡպкܶӣܻĶġ˵ˣЦѣƺȰ
ƾһƾƣɲŵ˵£µĳ͸΢ҿʵǿϾؾǵġҲ鵽ྩ֮Լĸ㣬˵Ĵ漴Ȼ֪˵ʲôҾһͻȻ鷿͸Ρ
⻰мܲȻضһᣬ͵ش˸Ծسһ亹ɲǼ˴롣
ɫѿѣ£볯ʼʸ֮ġʵ¡ЭֵܻƹܼԺ϶¡أмӣȴضͼԼĸҪһЩĸĿڣѷ
ֱãʣ˵Ͷʵۣ
Ҳ²⣬ġξҲ֪
סܲʱ˲ϧˣزʱ֣ƺǣͷһĬܾãһصصͷ
ʱ̣ܲصվͥԺﴵҹķ磬վ˺һܹ¤ЩȥΣ
ؼʡףѾ߸ĸյգ빬̫밲̫ŲŻġ
أ
Ҷݣھûʲôġֲǰձ˵ĸϰݷáձԭݰʹķֲıѡķǰǲġ
۽޶ŵΣԸ鷿ɣ׼κŮ˽롣дɨ˶ɿġ¤Ұˡ
·ġ
ҵҲй¶ǡ
ݣ¤æӦ
ԸܲЩûɵػطˡ޺լʱҸ
ĿıӰŷӰ߳¤ܹܣĶͷ˶ţµķ䡢ʳҪɿɿʰ㡣΢Щ·ʤµİΣⲻá
ĬĬͷסȻǲҵ߷ʱͶġǵȥݣӲ볯Ļʺδݵ
źڰļɽŷ̾һ粻ֹڵۻʼңЩ»һʼǱ޿ɱܵġ
ŷܲľ˾ⰲߵģΪ˱
ͬһʱ̣図ھ׸緿ѱʬϸһ飬ζһϵѪۣľѡ
ʬ岻˵ܾʣǲǱѪģ
һô֪
Ȼشҡ
ļѧһ飬Ȼ˵Ҳ鵽ͯϲ̵ȥ˳еС¥иýнޣǸ˵꣬óһֻҩһֻƿһƱ
ǾƵҩܱ̣ܿҲƿҩ裬鵤ʲôѹһ¡һնлԮ֣Щƽ𲻳ɾ⣬һ͸ˡ
һƽƱܾü㡭
֪԰Ǯõģܼˣ£Тټ£ֻôáҩ;鵤Ǳ֮ܶӧֶΰٳǣ͵ڵ鰸ʱҪö
ȵƬ̣ܾ˼һ£ðɡ޳û°ɣ
˵úأ
û˵ʲôһ죬̶˶Ϻȣ˭
ͬʱһܾüһʾ図ڣԼ㱼ͬʱҹѾֵָԺСˤһˣɫѪ߰ߡ
ή٣ǿ֧Լ̧ͷܣĿ¶ϲɫˣ
 

280 ̽

ܾԾСæȥôˣ
ɱҡǿ˵ĸ֣˹ȥǴӺ˵ĶӳķӰǶʮ㷽Ӱ˦׷٣ǿӻ˶Էòӻسٴα֪׺ϡѣǴ׸߷˼Ƭߡ˿ܾ̿Ҳֲ֧ס
֪ӰǸҾģģܾһæӰƫȥһԸȥҴ򡣴ܿˡ֮һԥ˺һſ˷ӣ˵ˣŹֵúܣҽޣֻܿЩҩӻһ£ȴΪ
ôˣ
ǡж
΢ܾŶܣȻ⴫ȥ図֪図Ȳѣæ˵Ҵȥҽˡ
ȵȡ˵׷ɱû׼ǻ档ȥײ
˵ô죿
Ƭ̣ܾ۳׸Ըֻ˵˹Ȼ븮¡¼䣬׸ɧƻ𡣳ң図ŷӰǱҹɫ
׸Ѳˣֵòɿ׷ٷӰ˶Ĵ£С˹Իһ֮¼Ҵҷػ
ʱ󣬾׸ֹϢʱ뾩׸Զһ£ƮҡƬ̱ҡڡ
վµ˱˴˿׷ȥһ·׷٣ҡڵķתƣӶת̲ٱ仯ֱȼաһͨ˴ڣСһĽֵͨͬû뵽ټȻˣƬֻ̣Ȼء
ͬһʱ̣Ӱһľϣƣ˾Ƭ̺ջָָֻ֣ⳤĺɫϸ档ųӣĻ󣬵ϣʮ߲׷һһС¯̡
ųӣһӣǹ棬ɢӯѾ졣Ӳж󻹻ɢζƵҩ̸Ӧǵ֮൱˺ӣűġ
԰ķ˵󸡣
ֹ󸣬ǻеֻΪĴڲ׾£棬շ֮Ტָֻɫ߳¾ͱɻҰףòѳʬ鶪˵ǶӰض׷ġ򸮵Ľ˴кܴջ񡣡
ǡ
Ļȥʱ׷ٷӰ˻ص˻󡣵֪ͻȻʧټפ˴ݺݴһӣŭģöмҡ汻ˡ
²²Ҳǡ֪һأ
ģ
ǶԽĳǣ̩ȥӣʱǰ̩ظûг
ʼ벻ͨΪʲôѪȴû£޲ðץסһ뵽ڵķԸưλǿѹס
ʱŹǼңҪ¶š
°ҹƽعȥˡһ磬ǰĲˣҪΪҦֵķǣӻ˵ôôѷ̣ˣԸȥɡ
ǡ»๪˳
ˣּҵӵĸ꣬˵̣Ҧȥһҹûˡūȥơ
ԡϽȥ
ּҵǰ׸ʱ۽С¥ŮܲصסûһͰͯ߸ߵ˸ɾ
űܾЦЦһŷԸ˵ϸĹǸҦ֣Ҧֱָ°Ůӣӻڲ顣Ȳ˵룬˸ţӵĽչ
ʱˣٺ緹ЩּҵСŽŻŵµָ̣Ҧָʹһͯߵ°Ůӡ
ͷһ²վɷʣ˭ָأ
˵ͯߵá
벻ֲӣֻûţһϡЩ¿԰ȴܽҴ
ȥ˸Ƭ̲һغȥȥү
ѾһӦţɱʱ¹ϽıԺȥˡ
ʱǿܾšĥƬ̣üһ
磬ʮһ㵤¥̽ġıװģˣֻװһֵģһԼôù˶پš
ңתͷͰο˵ãίˡ˵Ǹͯ߸˺ܶ໵¡ȻˣǷ財ƺεúãʱ֪˭ˡ
 

281 µľ

է⻰ӹһ˿æ̧ۣʣʲôӣ
˵Ǽͽͯߴȥġʶ㣬ε֪ȥ㣿ʲô񡣵ŷˡκò֪ˣ
ŶأʲôѽҺòšٴżٿ
Ȼ۲۾ɨױ̨ĥŲų԰οʮȴ۽һˡΪ£Ҧֶץȥˣ˵ָʹ˸ɵġ
ʮãϹ˵һۣϡ࣬ҦǸˣ᲻صġ˵öɲ
ЦЦʮش𣺡Ҳ˵˵˶֪Ͼ׸ʹȥӻûءҲǸᡣ
˺ˣ˵䡣ãúóҩϢٳǡ˸Բж˱ȥ
ˣᣬߵ£׹¶һգ־׸ˣΪ˼Լɣּͯ߱ŷ裬ǿŹ˿һ뵽κãʱɱ
ţص㵤¥Ѿվ⣬ֵôȥ̣̳ҩ𣿡
ûءʲżλ֪˵ʲô̾Ǹ˳ҩҲԡ
ԸȥҩԼ߽ӡ
̣˭ˣ
̧ͷ˵ˡҸ㣬Ǹͯ߾Ȼκá˵ҵġ
ߵ£Ŀһááװóҩͳҩ
ʱҩˡҩ࣬һͨƢʳȥ۽뿪۽Ӳãһģ˽һׯһšźܿ͵꣬˼òŷ򸮡
԰ġ
Ųס٣΢΢һЦʵڣ£
ˣճװиͯߵˣ˵׸ڸη財˾ġ
бĶ𣿡
Сڰ׷ɱӰ׸׷ʧȥҦֱѺϸһ飬ɡܲǵ١
꣬üʣӰ书Σ
ʮ˹ȴ˦׷٣ֱǱسǵ˲ٴθľȱڳ
Ƭ̣üһЦһ磬ȥº붨ʱȥ˾׸磬ܾȥϸɵǣܾ뿪ãСȥ̽ġǰǵġ
һ㶡
ҿͽϰŵģǲ³˶ߣߥ̩ǣǰܾ׼벶ȸں󡣡
˼üʣ˵˼ǡǹ̫ȥ̽ӣΪ˸߾ͯߵ£ѵ롭
¶ˡǡǵץڣǳţšǾҵ˲ׯפء
һͷɱһ֪˾áδã
εɱ⣬䲻˵
һͯεúأ
βá
ˡ
ڸˣŪһңŷԸİŮӣ׸;ٱи˾߽ͯһЩĹͬȻ͸¶Ϲµ棬иĵүߣ
ǡ
ٸСţڳֺݼ
ס
ŮӦȥãǣһ˿Ū½˼ܣĵñ֮ҪһָŮлճأ߱ɱŮȤ
δʱһ̣ص佻
С㣬㲻ڸ˷˵ţ⡣
һǸæӹϸд죬Ϲ֮ΪϡӰ農ڼмѣǲ᷻˼飬˱ۣи˾裬뵽Ӱû£˿
ŰǷŷپŲ߽˵ʲҿиϵѾ߼ææȥ˾ŸûһᣬСͳˣû֦չġ˵ҦֱѺˣŰɡСһ㶼£ҲĮġ
⻰ǲɵʣȥˣû֦չ
ǰÿζ¹ġ
Ų裬˼һᣬ͵ɡ
ǡȥ˰ɣ֪㣬Ūɧ
סˣǴҴױƬ̣šĿˣЩЦ֮ǵһοǹıˡ˼ˣְˡ
ʱɸ뿪ֺǰݻᣬȻں緹Ÿǡû߳ʮи빫ӡ
 

282 

΢٣תһЦ߹һϮǳ죬ױþ£͵ΣԵøؽζˡûþޣֻģһЩ֡
ĥţѾߵǰ̧Цþòˡǰ߷߲û˰ɣ
û£лġ
û¾ͺáʱ߳ܵϣְǣҶȥ㡣
Щת˼ͷʣϹô֪⣿
ÿն߷ġʲ˿㣬Ҿˡ

˵Ѱ⣬һٻӰ빫ӡ
תͷһĿһȴ΢ЦСǣˡ
ǰÿζ߹ǺûãЦ˵Ϊˣ벻ݷúү𣿡
ǰΪҪݼүڳﵢһҹ
ջָǶһЩӡ߷һܺãüſҵġһػ˵ţ
֪үҲֻ֣ǹһ¡
Ц̣¶ʱ˴̳ӡ֮£קסɵ䣬빫ӣҽҪȥ̩ġ߰ɣҽȥɡ
΢Ϲû˵Ҫȥİɣ
Ǹ˵Ҫȥġʱ仹磬߰ɡ۶գС
ʹ˸ɾ˦֣üϹˡ
óھɣգһקס˵ãôô֪ʲô
ʲô£̩ѽŶˡߣݺ˦㣬ݵؼҲ㣬ǸҷԴҲ֪˭
˵úáһרĵģͳǣΪʧ񡭡Ϊ˼ҵЦ䣬Ŀһط༥
ǣ˵ʲôһ㶣̶ŭˣ۾һݺݵصŽʡ
ȴЦż˵˭μӲܺ;磬ϳٻ԰˭μ磬ֱ˼𣿺ߣ㶼ҵġҲŽ̵飬ѧһѧʲôׯ塣
ˣһ±ʹʱ˱ַȣһ£־Ҫ¡
循µֱסɫذɵȰϹظ˵֮ͥ档

ɿ֣ǣСǣò£ˣ߰ɡ
бһۣȻתȥ
صǵıӰͻȻһļУѾסѾ˰˹ȥץס㣬һˣļˡҴ㣬㣡
־סͷһֻֿסһһ˦

ºգʵûҲʱʧģһŵ˼վסţͨһΧ߿һĻЦһƬȴûͣգۼʧȺ
ڵϣѾ˲ˣϺһһ󣬼ίۿֱתѾͬסˣһ²˹С㣬С㣬û°ɣ
ع͵ؼһµһɨΧ۵ĵЦʲôЦЦЦˣҺݺݵش򣬺ݺݵش򣡡
û뵽ô׺ЦˡӵܼܻģʱԷ
ѽļҵСô
ǰСӣѽ򡣡
ЦŴչҪֶš´˿ӷۼֿ̧־һǶ⣬ŷһǣҴǣ
û뵽ĴͽҲˣһ˲ͱһҴңˣļˣ
ˣҴǡºʾɤֱСƲɱһ߿һкǺôĵӡ
Ҵңӡ
ǣ
ˣ
һʱ䣬ϼɹŮ˵ļк˵á֯ţȭţ˴ҳһš
˳ֺļҽڸŲԶ½֣Ƕʱˡ岽Ϲ¾ߵ˳ĵͽӣ˳Ͽ£Ϊ׵ļҽһɨܣȵʲô֣֪ʲôط˭ֵģ
˽Χȴüþգһüָ˭ƫ̻Ǽ쵰
 

283 ѵ

û뵽˵Ƿǲ֣Ǽҽһػش𣺡λҲƫ̻ǣڰ㡣㲻⣬¡Ǻǰ֡ǸϽ߰ɡ
û뵽һҽҲԼӣٴη쭣˵ʲôĻ쵰ʲô֣ôʰ㣡
Ǽҽ˵ҿҲǳ˼ңûһƷҰĵطˣȫߡ
Χ۵˼ƣȴҲ֪ȤæɢԶȥͽͼƲܵûӰֻأáûɢĳѾҲ˲òˣǿԼС㣬ֻȥ
ȺɢǼҽ˵ϵĻҳ߽˺ֺЦһϹµŮô£ŶǸСŮȷʵͳϴ;ֵòɿ
ȷʵүã
˸Ϲ͸ӣѽյ¸ˡ
ǡ
ҽˣܼҲŵʣүСô֣һȥ᲻빫Ӳ
ҡͷʱ򣬾͸ֳЩԴ׵ķ£õڻȥ¥˵һ£
ǡ
ֺŴӽƵǰ¥֮ʣիѩáӵĶһϲãЩʣϴ˵ǵëɫΪλôϲ
ӾǺܿɰġ㿴ô˳ĵؾֻǰ˼£˵ѩƺѵáϴիֻһֻλǡ
һ溮Ͽ׽ȷʵѵġ룬˵ҶĻѩûʦǶ׳ʵ˲١
⻰ǶʱԶڶĵܵܣӰң壬æʣȰʦְӻҶ𣿡
ʼ磬תͶܡʦ׼ԵġûԹҲԳһ¡
ǡôôóԣ
һ˫ĿصԼ˳Ľëȴٵضţƺֳ˵Ľġͷһ̲סᴥǶޡ
۾һʶһۣͷһ㣬ǰһ£ֵߣ׼ֶŵġ
ҿһֻĽëϡϲ飬ת
ֺ˵ˡӣ
̯̯֣һЦһͷˡǶ
ɵתȥģ
档̧һָϷ
˳ָһȴûҵӣǲͷһĺЦʱعһۣ̫ˡϴһֻұŻңƭӡѵľ㣬ˡӣװݵؾҪߡ
ߡץסЦղӷˣûƭ㡣ȥ¥Բʺ⣬ò
ƾץסԼ֣ȴһתŤȥյľ㡣ȥ
ԣȥɡ㿴ҸͲܶҺõ㣿
һ㶣æת㵽׻ָû
ԼȻش𣺡ˣ⼸ջܶ䡣
ʲôҲϽȥúٻ֪֪һסʶػһˣ̲ס˵ҺüնĵġڶӧͻȻȥ߳žΪ֤ġҺ̩ȥˣҲ
Īһҹıң΢΢ҧ˵úðϧԼ𣿾Ϊҡҡһʱ䣬֪òü˵ȥ΢ͷסȴЩʡ
΢ɵͷƺȻˣзĪʹЩ˵ǸΡһ̣˶û˵ȴ˭Ҳûɿ˴˵֡ĬãǿЦЦ԰ο˽ŲҴҶһֻɿ֣תȥ
図
ǣüɿ߹˵ӣϼСھ׸£˵Ҫ״Ľ㡣
һ
ͬһæʣʲô
ڸȡ֣Щץˣ˵㡭Ź
Ŀһŭǲ֪ˡСǣ図ظôȥȥһ˾׸
û뵽ģҲˣüңǺðȥʲô
Сǣȥˡ޹ءסȰ衣
֪Լȴ⣬˵ƽϷãһҵл˵ˡҲһǽãôֶǼ¡ȵ˾׸ʲô˵ѵ
 

284 

էϹ£΢΢˵ǸŹ
ŲǡǽⷢӣҪҵ״߰ɡֵԽԽǲáʮȻߣתͷԸ壬߷ϻظܼңھ׸¡
ǡ
һ̵ˣ׸ȥ図ûи棬վԭ˼ʲô䣬ߡһתһҡͷ壬㲻Ҫûŵˡ
Сһɫ˵ʲź˵СںǰáִԺ˳ԲѷүѾӸϹˡ
£Ǹɵó̾һ図˵壬ȥ׸߹ӡǱ¶棬ֻﶼиҡ
֪һתիСţͷȥ
図·ƽ׸ĽʱվţͷҲˣȹҲ˺ˣȴԾؼƢѾߺͳԽп಻ȴȰסܾվϿ״踾ѣȴ˵ǸԱװûȴ͵Ц
Χţ˸۽ˡ
õøģǲЦתȴ¶һȵı飬еã⣿ʲôѽ
תһһˣǻķŭʱҵйڣŭһָ㣬ˣɲƫ̻ѽƻ빫ӵŹҡ
ܾȴ˵ˡ
ãȱ¡Ϊ׸鸮Ϲ£
ˣʲôҽҪ㣬ҪΡҾͲˣ׸ҹȻƫ̻㣿һ¶ݺݵ߹һɽ㣬޲ð̻
ʧ˷磬ǺЦѣøܣֻʵң֤𣿡
ȻС
֤ģ
㿴ҵȹˣֱϻץۣ㺦ġҲ룬һָԼ
㵽׶ɷͷɢˣȹˣֱۻˣִֻ֤ܺԼʧˤˣȴ֤Ҹɵġ˵йأ˭ˣںδںʱεءΪأ
һ
֪֪ܸԼˣҪġ㡣ףΪΪףΪգΪ򣬵бȴòκʵ֤ݣڮٳ㣬ճ֮Ҫ׷㹻ˡ
˵꣬Ǽѣãٸ㣬δʮˣн֮𡣿㲻ܸ׽㣬ָãһҪùǣҪףԼɣ
öǲģ㲻Ⱥ飬ѧãһһоݣץסɷ֮Ҫһ¾Ͱ¶µĿɿڴ
Žˣɺܾվս˭ûԶԲ֪ʱڸǵ֮ⷬ࣬΢¶
ȴţע⵽ܵ˶ڿԼ֪ǼЦǸٵŮӣʱ˶ڳЦԼһʱ㹴˱ƽڻίһվڽޱ飬ȴƺһ⣬һҧݺݵŽһᣬͻȻתͷĹˣһ̣͵˵һ۸ǰһק
ɱ㣬ˣ
ŵþȫȥҪ롣Ҹ˶벻ˣסҲסֱĵ˶ܡۿǵҪǵǰأһִֻбסĵ
۾ˣµɣе֣Ҫɱ
Ÿ÷֣ˡ
ŷ裡Ҫɱˣ
ʧص¼ȫ˵˵ϣȴ޷䣬ߵǣֻԱӲƣѪһεڵϡ
ϵѪǰ޷Ŵһ˲ƻصһţȴֻüм¡һ˲ŽѪǶݵǰҹٴҹλأĿ޺һһεʹԼΪβһԾ£Ȫ
֪أŶޡ֪޹ȴТʼղΪ˵һ乫ڵ¶عµƣʹȥԼֱһաҺױ飬ˣТôĿЦ
һ˲ƹ˺ܶ꣬ػعͷϵ˹ȥ
һ˲ѪŽ
 

285 ֪

ֻµұϣû
ʹϮ»һʱӷлعһڵϣץѪܵұۣɱҽ
˶ͻȻľٶŴˡȴҲãֻææץסɵСĵʣû°ɣ
һ˿ɼǣһգۼѪȪӿƺûиоʹֻסֱۣ˵Ҫġġ

һ̣ĿǶڱ˴˵۾￴ԼӰɽ˺ֻλÿջؾۣѿ̹ġ˾֮£ʲô˵Ҳ
ţ΢Цһ£ο˵˿ڲܿͻõġɵҲЦһ¡
ʱ˲ŷ׷׻ع˲˽ֳһšܾĬĬվϣʮָӡʲһĻһμʧ̬Ҳһμ϶һľ󡣳Ƭ̣Ȼһ֪̾ˣֻ
վվסԸȰ£Ȼ߹ݳһƿҩҩҪյɾͲˡ
ЦЦлƽһۼææ˽һǰѪȣһ˸תͷĹˣɵþС㣬ôˣСҲڣ㿴⣿
ƽֻ˵ˣһȰɡ
ϱ飬ƽЩ²⣬üëһ֪Ȥվһԡ
Сʱ󣬿޺ҽеڻ˯ȥֻӱѪ߰ߡɵҲˡһֱ粽롣
ܶԼֿɰο˵û¡㲻õģ˲أһͺˡ
㣬û˿ں᲻Ӱ䡣ҧҧǵǵʡ
кܺõҩһȥͿϣġЦЦˡꡱƣȻָָ⣬˵ˡҩѵã֪˻̰ҵġ
Ŀ¶׽ǲɵЦˣšʱ̰ˣ
Ҹ㣬ٹ˽ˣһʵû֮ءϴͬȥ
⻰Ǻɵʣȥ𣿡
ҿ϶ȥġȥˣұõöࡣĨܾ
ӣǷģ̲סһֱ˵˼ҵĻġ
ʹЦˣһתҽһ
һʣܾˡ״һļ磬ɣʲôˣֺúõġ
𴩣Ȼٴһ㶣һ룬һۡ
Ȼܾһ£ɻվʣ˶ˣСȡȣСֻʧ֡
ԣܾʣСǣܼһֱȣø˵ȽϺã
ôڳξΰɡ֤˵ĹʣǼȡ֡
ʺף᲻
л˹ģֵزҵΪ棬᲻ĵġ
ǺáԵƬ̡
ܾˡƹȣ˵ʲ図ˣ˵ڳֺִֵòɿԺ³Բѷ˭֪ߺ״˷Ǳģ˵ճ
Լ֪ˣҺθɣЩСˣϢˣҾͲƽˡ˸Ϲһ顣
ĻܾüʣǶƷ飬ֻô˵һ˵Ϣ𣿡
ġ
ˡ֣ܾضһᣬû׷ʡ
ʱɰͻظ⣬˴Ƭ̣ѹеľֵزֻ²ưոݡ˿ûҪ㲻ʱܿΪáˣЩӷĽʢõĹʱڡ
룬Ȼȥ㡣ˣҪ
á㵱Щ
֪
ĿȥվòŽ˸šڣһСšС㣬ү鷿㡣
ûжʣ鷿ȥ
鷿ءʱǰ±ͻظŮ˯ѣֱѪˣٵ֪ʼĩʱҦѺһŴŶֱ鷿״
߽鷿ʱƽհϣϾ׸顣Լذµãܸ㣬ָãвɱˣٵɵʧ˵һ飬Ϣˣȫ鸮档
飬ٰѳֺϸϹ̧ͷŮʣǶ֪𣿡
 

286 

ûش̧ͷֱϹ¡鷿Ű㾲ֻ۾նȴûиŮТ
ãǵڣɱȣֻԱ֮У䣬͸ŹĮȻζ
ϹºʣѾһؼˣѪˣɱ㣬ʱɱ㣿ɱ˵ֱϵѪģ
ġ
㻹Ʊ磿
ߣֻǽѵһ£֪ʲôִͳŮ޷Ů֣Գֺ¼ɫ֪˭棬˵Ϊ˺󣬲÷ʡָãԴǼв׸εˣ֪˭ĵ˲֪ˣѵһ£պǵ˲ǵˣͲǸ첲һѪôˡ
һһִģٵɷЩֻ࣬ǼУ㣬ң
û㣬ΪãŮ£㡣
㣬㣬㡭˵ңʲôǹ㡣
ٵ״Σز䣺ƽ˻飬ᣬٳڲķţֵ֡ٲѵľͼ޲ȥˡ
ˣ¶Ǽ̵Դ۾ףټ쭣ϹѾİ𣬺סڣǶõģƽ˻飬ǲ㵷Ĺ
;ײүϯյ֣ұġõĵù޹ءΪʲôôùΪиø硣ɫƺûױŭ
˵ǸӰʲô
Ǿ˾˵Ĺ֮󡣽Ůˣ·ƽε˶ѡ
㡭˫۾ֱ侲Įƺû˿ƺűӡ˫ۣϹһʱ侹˵ʱһԵϽץס˻е֪ˣҶǷӰɱģǽָʹġ
ԣбһµܵܣϧһ㲻ڳô֪Ӱʧ֣ߣЩӣ׸оݿɲ飬㲻ҶԩȴֻŸۣڡ㣬ǵŮˣ˲ö˼
סϽɫ䡣
ﶼܼǵۣ㵤¥ּǵģǵģ͸Լ򡣵Ѿ߳㵤¥ΪΣʥ飬öʲôӰɣſڽ࣬Ǽʹš
û㣬˵ҡ
óֻ˵û£ΪΣû»𣿸ֵǣҲ
ŶŮǹսϹʲôɲǼ䣬ñȹ׻ڣסڣסڣ
Ͻŵһ
û
û뵽˽ﹴģϹɫȴҳ
ݺݵŮһᣬٵһӣȥȥȥ
ﾲϹŭشһӲŷԸƽүѾȫǸ˸ʲô£
һݣƽæȥˡ
̺鷿ĵϣʮѾ߹һأһƤ޳ǹǺûһᣬһѾ߱㰾ס۵¡ϽǰֻʵضϷӵٲµ˶ߣǺɸ֣ĶͷȻֱ鷿
ʱƽص鷿
үѾ˵һҶ󣬾үġּǵۣǾҪġ˵֪Ϊʲô͸ԼֻǼһˡòϣ͸Ѿǡ
΢Ϲʣ͸Ѿߣ
Ѿ߶˵۸ãȷʵּǵġ
룬Ϲƽʣһүү˵үֻ᲻£һء
Ƭ̣ıԺ׼ٻ
ŭ֣治Ȱ˳
״ƽʣ֪үѾδã
ˣʲôȫ
ү⡭
ȥ
˸ƽֻóǡ
һ鸮ﰧһءϹ±ŭүϽţ̵Ѿ߾ٹ˲ΪŮֹˣŰϹ¿ˡӣȴѵһ٣˳ȥ
һ磬ƽ佻
С㣬ү˵Ϊ㣬ǫõãøȻǽദС㵽סһӡ
˻ƽԸˡıӰ󲻽ʣС㣬үʲô˼
ûʲô˼Ǹʮ壬Ƕϳš
 

287 

˵꣬ǷԸ壬ʰһ£ǵһӡ
ǡ̵ȥˡ⸮ﶷֱסáȴЩǡĥžȰС㣬ʱүҪϸû׼ͲôˡʱȥöռϷ磿
ϣκһռϷ磬԰Ƕߣֵ徲

̶ڸûʲôõĵġȥҲãðְšúܡ
ɫ䣬Ȼ̾һ£Ȱʰȥˡ
վڴǰǶԺ̵Ҷ
ҹϹʣǲʾϴȻֵòɿ˵ڸûû˵ִȻ壬ȴûбҪԣɴץסҴϽģתϹµעһöĸٴγ˿Ϲһŭ֮°Լţˣ˳µذ鸮һݱܷâɽʤ붨˽ȥҪ¡
Ͻ˼ʵѾ߱Թ˵©죬ҵȥ͵Ļᣬ˶񡣵֪ܶаǱ̽㵤¥鿴Ȼױ̨ϵּۡѱҪõģҹʷᣬ˳Ʋ𴩡
ʱǴ塢뿪鸮뿪ӾȽؽϷ
̣С˵үȥסһӡ˵Ժһʱòˣš
ţΪ˶ӱϳŷղѣһ⻰͵ؾүߣ
ô˼ūҲϸʡ
һһ룬ٶʱˣһּҵģȥܼҡ
ǡ
ּ̣ҵϲ̻ĵ̣ܼ˵ȷʵү˼
һɨٶʱûôˡĥƬ̣ԸȥϹµΣ׼ץסӿѡ㣬ѾˡŮһС˲úһŸȥ
ŸҩζŨѾû˸ҳڻصµĿá
Ů԰㲵ģٵĶʱæ߹ʣ¶оЩ𣿡
ʹʹǸ⺦ңġأҪɱɱòã¿޵øˡ
Ůˡ̣ܿõġʮֹ𣬰ѼѾͷϳȥˡӣһ
ϳȥ
ǰһȥ˾˾˼ҡ
ΪʲôȥΣأ˵˿̫ˣֻ»°̺۵ġұֻǸϳȥҲ
һԹŮ޲ϧԼգѩ覴ãһǧĵǶ˸˰̣ضɷ羰һתͷʣأ
š
οŮ䣬߳ʣŮֱۻ˰̣
Ƭ̣Żش𣺡̣ȵ˿ڶұۣΪ̫ϲףһ˼˱۹ǽĤҪκãһҪȥҪǣܲȻ°̺ۣ곱ʪ֮ʻ˿ʹҲ᲻֧
پסƬ̣æʣǣѵûа취𣿡
ǰشֺܺõҩֻҪͿϣһЩҩκشûˣһʱ֮䲻֪δȥҩΪ֮ƣȰ˵Сƽľ귳ŭڻָ
ţٺݺݵҧǺ޼ǡ˿޴ѰҩֻõͷҩٴΰοŮһᣬѾߺú÷̣صȥ
ˣϹ˳ʮֱƣó˽ΣŲŽֵǰߡżĥһ¾˵ү·ԶȻظȥԺүء
ӣϹ˼Ƭ̶̣ȷʵϽһǸǿöࡣ
ǰС˵үù߻˸
΢Ϲ²ɵת˭
СĲʶֻ֪ƺյ
ĥţϹ²ɵʲôȥԺ
ﵽĿģŰϲæӦ˵үУСȥԺү
ˡߡ
ԺɢѧסأϽ̶˵ʲŵķԷ˰ɣƺĽֳ£᲻ᳶҽأظʡ
ģСɴˡ
˵ҽ̫ˡ͸ø˾ѧģŽĲǣ͵һүү𣿡
 

288 ׹

һϽվסŶȥʮಽԼסԺӡԺǰվżˣΪ׵ǸϹ¡ǰһͷ
ͷһϽ̼˹ȥôˣӸ밲
Ϲޱ˵Ϊò㣬¾͹̶߼ʱ˸ʲô
Ϲ½ԺžʹֱϽ̵סϽȥˣԺֻһڿ飬һŲ衣ԳյġϹϸϽ̻ˡ
Ÿ׳ԼϽ̶˶ͻش𣺡еģ׵ܵܡǰӶؼңӼ˿ãԺˡ²д
УӵԺ󣬶˶ݳȥīˡܴزһ䡣
ãֿǸ֪꣬𣿡
үСдŸ߽㡣֪ġ
ӶƬ̶̣Ժģ֪𣿡
Ӹ߹㣬֪û
û
ԺżһҲֻͣƬ̡ôңءŶһܸҲ̫áһתϽ̹˽㼸䣬Ȼ󳶳ܾơ
ܾ
ǵġ
ʶ𣿡
΢Ͻæ˵ʶѶǮִ󷽡ҽͦõģ͹Ρ

ѵʱˣԺ÷ɣ˵Ͻĥžʡ
ҡҡͷˣΪйҪæúö顣룬Ϲĵظ˶һǧ˼ȥ
˸ףϽվԭس˼Σתʣģҵʱģ
Ҳ֪үͻȻǰһΪˡ
ЩԾһᣬʣģûĸ˿Դţ
иӣ˵µʱš
áϻظҵǸӣҵģ˵ŵģ֪ٴһ¸ǲǳˡģԺܡ
ǡ
ûܳȥקסס˿
·ɱظǱ߾׸ץסϹ»ظʱƽѾڸŸ
үԸ±ְˡ׸鵽ͯߵͬͯ߾ʮкڳר°ŮӵĹҪǸǵίСһڳķͽǸͯߵġ
˵
ϣҦҲ֮һǰҦóӣǽٳֹһŮӡƽ˶٣˵ǸŮϸŮ죬ʱ㡭ǣ
Ϲתͷ
ͯߵý޳ϣһͯǶȾƣ˵һ˵⡣ֻͯǸֵǵ̣Ϊ˶ԸС˵ǸСȥ¶㡣
ΣҦ𣿡
׸ʣͯߵķ財ûκãδػʵ
áܺáǳˡƽ٣޷μҸ䷨Ȼæ޵ЭܼҰɡȥȡơĹ޵
һƽʵү𣿡
ʲôʵģ
СϾڹ
ǣϹ˵ʡģõܵȴѧ㡣ϧ빬꣬ϥûУһʧʲôã
ȥ
̾һƽլȥûвǰݣʵּ۹͡ű񲿺౨
Ƿݹģǲټ˼ЦܼңĽݱѾ͵ºү½Сү׹ء
ƽ㵲ѡԷ˹½˼ٲţ˿̵ϤϲѶŵǾֱǲˣƽŻع˲ȥլˣһֱ鷿
ķżլϹ˵ʲô
½ұү˶ݵ׹ּ۹͡
һᣬϹ²ŻعĬòʣǶȥˣ
Сȥ˺ֻѾ󡣴С˵ʱҪ붨̺򡣡
ƽžѣүְãСȥסһ޷ġִСд佻˴ɨܣСδܲһֱסھ˾˼Ұɣ
ü˼Ƭ̣Ϲ죬ȥ졣
 

289 Ȩ

ƽȥˣϹ¶ţ˼ֻöʹ֪ΪΣ˺ܶƺ˵¡
ǰǸѩӵӣɥضڽͷߣ̾ʱȴЦտ̲סԼȡȴ޷¼õķոʱȵؿһ˵ҴȥҸ硣
ðʧ߽½ͳ츮һμǸݵӡѩ׷ɣȴѩ
ܶ⣬Ȼˡ
ʮպһֽ͵ʱСջϲһζȨ塣Ȼ½ﲢԼţ½ͳ鹡½Сظ·ϣٴżˡ֪Լϲϲ½ѩȴϿ޿ǰ̡ĸӽ
ֱӭȢ½ѩɲ֪Լϲϲɷ˴ķױʹŮһҹǰӵΪ˵ڶθõϣ½ʵǰ٣ӰƷСһӵҡܲסɫģڷȢ檣½ӹٽǡ
ǵŭһĲӣͬ¼ޣķŵȥҲǰ̣ƴԼãٲһ̣ˡ
ǳһҲϲȤӹŮÿοǽãͻԼжȻԹ޷˲Լ˵ûԹ½С
ֱݣ½ս
ʮ䣬õķ֣ȴҲӰ¡ˣֵò½ң۲Ϊ޹˼ɵӵұѷԺ
ɽգէ½ҶٴǸ־ˡˣζųĽܱõ㹻ӣ򡭡
ʶش˸ϹĿòסվȥˡоõŮԼĴ治ӱϾС
Ϲ£ﰵԾ衣ĥϢ۲Ϲµɫװʲô֪裺үǹӲ衣ԡ

üͷôôϲ˳𣿡
عϹƷһڹ裬ζģ
ЦЦٵػش𣺡ҵܵġ˵үġ
ٴģϹ²ʣܼܵʱʶ̶ģ
ү֪ǰҵܵд˵үԺ顣һΪүŵġ˵ֻһүæ͵֮£Ҳ֪
룬Ϲû׷ĵ£ֻ˵ܵڳ̶Ҳáźúö顣
ǡ
˵˰ɡ˵Ƕǲòԣ
²⣬ػش𣺡ǽþ죬ҾöΪûһˮƽ֪ɣ㾭˿佻öȡС㱾ǸǿģȻͲˡСвŵĵΪദ
˿ۣ
ǰ¸ﶼ֪ġ˵СǮʲôð졣ǰС˵ҪʣѾȥȴһӻңôСԼѡӣԸǮŻˡȻ˵ģܿ϶ԡû⹧άһ䡣
ԣϹ²ɵøЩ㶮¡
үˡҾǴС϶ҲǳģС㳤ˣþ͸ˡٺȱ
ڶ裬һ¡ϹʣһѾСܽү̽ˡ
δ䣬ѾһƿѾߵǰһĨ۾үдֻ᷸Ϳ¶޹ģǴСĲԡܼôöƣ˵˼
һ㶣Ϲû˵˼Ϊ
үЩҾľطʲôѽѽүɲŲš
ԣϹڵվָıѵ⣺ɵĺԼ֪ߣǸͯǸרί°ӵġҦ͡˵ͯʲô˭ѾŶй¶ȥ
һ
⣬ӻ֣ԺҪֳ£ʲôٷˣֳΨʡ
¶
ûٰŮóȡͬ飬Ѿͷһۣ㻹Ⱝƽϳȥ
ٲ磬ֻûˡ⣬ݺݵƽһۡװûƽլĹܼҶ͵ԺְϹ·Ըտɨ佻˵ˡ
꣬鵭֪ˡȻүҾֵһ¡
 

290 ټ

һʱ޵˹ܼȨϢһ㴫鸮֪Ǹ˼Ǿ֮వ˼
û˼޵Ը˰佻ӽʣһԸɨĸӡӺһ˱˳꣬޵ŴѾϷػ
Ƶϣ߷ߵѾ˵꣬õˬˡСհߣӾͰɨӳˣ𣿡
̣˵ү˼˼С²鷳Űһ¡
ү˼
ǵġܼҸߵġ
ʣ֪ˡͷġóʱϷ°ɡ
ǡ
Ѿ˳ɷᵹϣֱհѶһ׼һҦֱץĶԲߣȴû˵ֳ˵£һֱ֮鷿״Ͻֱץʹšɹһҹһ淳Ķһ浣ŮپҦֵĲˣֱ˿̴Ρ
ܻ˺ܾãϾѰ飬ֻýּҵģԸȥ̽Ҧֵİӡ
ּҵĸ׸ʱĽݱ͵˺֪½Ҷ˹½»衣ŸˣǾ˽Լ㣡
ͷһϽ̡һϲɫú֣ʣĸôôˣ
̶ڰ˹
Ŷʱȥˣ
˵Ժٸ㡣ãհסһӣԺһ˺úþһۡ
á˵˼ûϽѰհѽһԣѹʣ㣬ôĽ㣿ѧ˼ҴΪΣ
Ҽʱѧ˼ҴˣȰεҪɱҵġ
ļٵģ
٣ëӾȻң첲䣿װͰ͵һѾסܵܵĶ䣬ѵ⡣
ʹԼĶ䣬Ͻ˰β˵㲻Ҫô׺ҳˣ㻹ҵëӣ
һСǵǿСü꣬СëΪ㳤ˣװˣ
ȻϽƲƲ죬Ȼ˵ǹ㡣˵ס
԰ܸϳ˸ٰҸϳʮ塣
㻹ЦҸһ¡Ͻ̰ѽԺһĻϸ˵һ飬ȻԿҾõ̬ȹֵֹģҺҼƲ㡣Ϊ˽´Ӿδغùˣ㲻˳۵ġ
΢⣬˼һ±ʣ˵Ժ𣿡
ҡͷ
ĵ³˭֪
ҡͷ
Ժͬ𣿡
ֲǳ฾ʲô˵ġ
Ѱ˼ţɻ¡ǶûĴ˵ȥԺ̽ãô֪ĵܸܵ飿
̯̯֣Ҳúܹ֣СЩ㿴ŭ˵ͻȻԺˡҿóҵģֻΪ֤ʵûˡ˵ضжڶ㣬û׼ָɵġ㣬ϴ÷ɱҶӾͽᶨˣݵġ
ΪҪ֣룬ɻʡ
๼̫޹ˡ
һյĲһ̲סһڣûֻͣ˵ûһΡҶҲ磬һЮңӰΪ˾Ҳʧֵġ㲻ùܣһ־͹ȥˡ
˼Ƭ̣ðɡס⣬ҪЩ
֪ˡ粻ھǣĴҲظ
Ŷá㣬ҳ԰ɡ
һۣóԡ
ͻȻˣϽŽȥһ˵ʱ÷ܺóԣƫġ
½ﻶЦ
ھĿϢ˺ܾã½Ҷվһ˿ⶾ¹ȥԼڻߣʱĹϣ޷ͨľһҹ䱻ˡƬ̣̲סһԼⶾǸˣЩ²⡣
һʿ˽½Уξټ
΢¼ףУȥ
УϿյģֻһףֶңԶվһԡ˾Ŀε
һμˣ½ҶһңԶĩˡ
½Ҷ
ǡ
Ǳоķ߿϶ǵעΪĽս
ޡĩʱǱоսˣٻա˹½ҶһܽʿǵϣĳԮġ½ҶûԵãֱֻԲ䡣
飬ЦЦҴƷ絶ѧ˼ɣ
 

291 Ȼʾɳ

һ½Ҷ̧ͷػش𣺡˳ɡ
ĵ
ûн飬ȭΪ񣺡뽫ͽ̡
˴ݣӹһ˿
ʱУϣѩ
ʮغϺٴν½ҶͻȻԼĵʲôסˣӦ䣬ϮһʹЩ֡սȦͷһǰѰֵϸֳơ
ڵأʩһ񣺡ոǿĩܽˡ
һᣬ˲˵ղҪĥȥɣЩʱմҲҪ̫ù֪̲ųжȷá
ǡ
½ҶߺңԶʣ½ҶӡΣ
Ǳܽҵһٵ˵
ǡѾͷֽģøﲻðҾ֪񣬱ղףҲȻô⣬߰͡ʮغҲˡ
Լ˵ģķӵΪһСνԳУǾԸ˭ԼҪôߣ
ңԶֻ˵ҿһʱǽӲһеġǡ˹һеݣ˶ףҪˣ
ǾͿ½Ҷǲİˡ˵顣Ϊݣ˽´ܵǡȥ˾ˣȻкִӾǲݡæܲ鵽½Ҷ⡣ѧ˺֣ġѵ˶Ӽ䣬˴ˡ
ߺңԶվƬ̲Żعͷһ½Ҷ֪ʱ
ͷʣ˵ңԶңйϵ
Ŷͦġҵá

˵ķһҪܽӵҵһС㻹һ㡣
㵣½ҶƬ̲ʣһУѵʲλǣ
ҵҵͬ⣬ǼңġúŬ֪𣿡ļ磬ңԶһͬˡ
عıӰ½Ҷòʷء£ξ˽
ҶˡҸմһرȵ¶
ңԶĻ½ҶЩûɵʣʲôѽ
֪֪˭
˭
ǰݱݣפؽݵӷ򶫴󽫾ΰӣңԶĸͳϽӪؼǡңСŮ

ԡȻʱһֱפؽݣʮ꣬ս»ʵǻ󣬵۹̵˻ʵεĽ졣һεĵЩϡ
ϣΪʲô
Ϊ䲻ǻʵ۵šشһ䣬ξ޷ȵڵϣҡͷԵظ̾ҶѽСѾͷë׺һҲǧ𣬿Ȼء
ع½Ҷĥһʣô˵׵ܵܣ
ԡԭְ̫ŵ
ǿ֮ʱսʱ֮͡սأս½永Ȼʵϵ챻ǣıᣬ߽ӿ顣ע⵽ֶţͻϡ»ʵǻפضİܶʤ٣ʧ˱߾Ķʮｮ
ȥǰٴսܣʵ۲ةκĽ飬פؽݵ䡣
ְǰҾ죬ļԱǿѵס˶ս֣׼Ѱսѵоϳ
½ҶĵҲʷᡣңԶղףſ˼һսĻᡣһβս½ҶǱо߸ˣóߵ©ռկ˸ơԮע͸ս
ǣһ룬һսһն࣬ϳ˹ν֮ݡ
ĥξߵ£½Ҷǰ˵Ļ
ֹթֶΰٳڳֻΪʸ֮ġ붫ڹгͻܼ˧˿ڶļ±ȥǡÿԲսлĥҲ󡣵סҪ¶Լݡƾ֤Դǰȥξս˵ʵ鲻١
Լ׼ƾ֤ܱߵ꾡ͼȻ󡭡ξķǵָ¸ˣңͻȻ֡
ţӣ½ҶʱðƵĸоãԼǲѵӦԣǳأı󶯡
˺һᣬͻȻһĶͷʣȻʵľɳ
Ȼ壬ڽЧνΪȻͳϽһӷӥֵȻ볯ЧȴһֱԶ࣬뵳档
 

292 

ɳ߶˼䣬½ҶһͻȻµɵ⡣Ȩ̾һ£˵ȴ꣬ͻؾȥɡ
أҲˣ㲻ȥ
ء⡣ֻǰǸϳ˹˭֪᲻
ˣһûءôȥأܻأȥҵҪ˵ˣξͻȻʲô͵شŵ棬̾
½ҶֻҲϣȰ˵
ξ׸֡
ţҩѾ𽥰߲֪ͯΪַ˷裬˰Сݣһܵ˸õãֽƺʲôرµĶ
ץס
׷۷ͷϣ˺һŰס
Ȱΰɣ
ˣɡ
ţڰѷͯϻСݡûغã߲֪ͯӣһ͵һģܵϸߣ飬ײϣʱͷѪһ˲ֱֱصأֱǸŮǹɱˣɱˣ
侪һǻعѾѪʶؿϣȴҲ
ܾѶϻظʱͯˡ
״ܾòʣͻȻ񣿡
ǵġƿʲôµ£ˣһӾܵ档ץʱɺغžţͻȻôһ䣬ֱͦͦѪûȴˡ
ŵϵѪ⼸˭
ֻдΡֵţ˸ҩĶû
ʬ
ǡ
һʱ̧ͷ˵뿴иСĿס
ףһᣬܾſͯߵĶһϸСԼڵ㣬ʲô
ְ²ʲôҧˣһ¡

һ֪˾綾Ǿ綾񾭣˿ҡ־壬ȴ֪ʹΪ˶ܿ־ĴҴܣ˻ײֱԼײ
ãܾµ˶ߣٴνܵϸͯǰ߶һͽޡ
պ󣬾׸ͯ°˰
յĽٷ˾ѣ޶֤޷ҦǷ°߾ģ׷֮شʮ壬Ǽūϸдá޲а߰ߣ˴նӷ۶ʮꡣͬʱྩʮ߸ۡյ˾׸Ĺģ֪Ů°ơһʱ䣬޲ɹ
꾩׸оϹܾòʣƽøδã
үҦǶ̵ޣö̴á
ܺá˸
ǡ
ƽܿϷϾ׸оٵֶ˺ܾòŴ򿪣꣬òҰףòżææֱ鷿
үүҦֻһʱͿ̵ķϣһΰɡүˡ
٣Щ㰵£ֻ۱ֻۡѾ˼ңȴ֪㣬ǸһŶãΣЦһ˵֪㲻½ҶһĳͣǷˡ
ҡ
û׷㣬Ѿһ档ūţԼɡϹ㵤¥ȥˡ
ıӰֻ֪˶ãŻع񣬷ּҵֶߡ
ϣٴͷܾòƣʣ˵ô죿
״ּҵĥһỌ̇̄ҦԼزܹүŭãֻþץס˵˹ܼȨɵõѽ
ǣǡ
̣үŭүûظСȻ޹ɡū澴һճֺӸү˵Сںǰʧˡ棬ȱסɡ
Ƭ̣ڰ֣ǳȥҪһ
ǡ
ãٱۿϣ˺ܶ¡Լ޽ϼңһİͽϹ£裬ģ¶Ӻȡ˵Ұ˰뱲ӣʹֶΣиӣûԸ
ϹĻǰķȨﷺޱȵĿֻšѵô꣬ǰ
۶ݺݵصǽҾ䣡
ʱһʢϯ͵ҦֵĲ񷿡û֪ΪЧһӵŮʱʲôǲǺڣ
ĺʱ֣ҦֵѶ鸮޵ű̾һ
̣ЩҦֺպûٸɫΪοѾ߲ʡ
ղòԱáưո𣿡
 

293 ǻˮ

㵤¥Ϲ¡֪Ҧֱգۣ§ϹµĲֺãүãү
Ǻǡ˰ɣЩ˯úЩ𣿡
үңҾ˯úˡ
˽εգۣϹˣã㣬˰ɣ
̫ˣҲҩˡץסᣬҪַԸҩ
ڲţĬĬת˼
㵤¥ϷȴڲҲҵƶû㡣Ͻϳţ˽ο١ûںڰ©Щ΢ĺ⣬ȥȥҦ֣Ŷʮ֮飬ؿ˳
ԺﾲĵأѾǶţǨŭ
ʱˣɴںڰʱһֻѰּҵġ
ĻּҵĴ㵰βСӣǺ֡ͷϣҲʱɡ˵ˣϾھǶ̣⣬֪˻ô㣿ȥȥȥϽȥ
ӣ൭һЦӣҦˣ鲻ãʱҪľ˵Ž⡣˵úãȰ˵̳Է˶̵ۣڸءҵӵչˣջᡣӲȥȥɡӵĹͣҵĴ㶼Կġ
㡭⡭
ӣνҪðտɲСģ̴ңҲ㲻ġ
ЦӯӯּҵĲԾش˸˵ȥԣǡҡ
лӡŶ̵ʹͰɡ̽Ժӣߵ顣
Ӧ
ûӦӦŶ롣
ŵ춯˺ڰе١ЩԾ̧ͷǸģӰʱû
߹̣һص΢΢һЦū澸밲һϲԷɲãūóţ̽һЩɡ
㣬˭ģڻعһ
ȴЦţǷ̾Ѿߡǡ˸ꡱƣҰѻ˵꣬پҪҪҸϳȥ

Ҧֵ̺İɣɲǾҪҦֵġ㼵أ˵ûʲôġĻˮǣС㡣
û뵽˵ô仰ü
̻֪һվǣҦַȥͯߣȴȥ˺붨ȥ˾׸󣬴С̩ǣߵ˴ӵ¶»سǵ·ϡţͯˣˣ׸ҲˡǸˣϸϸһ£ÿó߰ɣ
Ծؾ׽Ļٷβʣ˵˵СѾͷɵĺ£
ԡ˵˵ǸŮӣЩ˶ɱġɾ׸¼ЩҲȥ˭ǹΪ׵úܡ
۶գذɱ˵ƸӰСи֣ɱˣһ練ơһҶûʲôͱɱˡͬҵƷãһѻͱûˡ
͵˷ӰȥҶĵָԼҵĵù˾ڵվ˻ʣ˵СѾͷŷӰɵģ룬ܾץУΪ˶Ըң
ӢŹΪƣǼźþȡҦ֣ı۰ܳȻõġ

һһ׵ɫ֪ȥˣЦ̣ţҪȳԡʱ԰ȥܱȵ˺á
ȻˡıӰʧںڰٸ£ţһᣬס
⣬ּҵľȵؿ߳ȴáѵʣ˵ӣǶҵҪǵ˵Ĺ͡
̺ٸ߽ˡϷܿƵƣѾٴνķ˲裬жױǲѾǲʣּҵģǸѾʲô
һ㶣æش𣺡̣Сˣסиʶū澣ǡþȱˣū澾Ѱ˼Żãⲻȥ
ǿڳЩ档
ǰ
ʣص˯¡һҹߡգ˵ͷ۵ܣԸյļ޵Ժػ
ʱٴּҵĽ˻԰ɽྲվš
̣ͤϵ
ͤϣĶվڷߣһذһƬҶŲתͷ΢΢һЦ
 

294 ̸

´ٲ䲻ȵʣ£
ǺǣαĹĵģҦֲɱġҪޣú޴С㡣
ס«ʲôҩĥһ¾ʣСѾͷг𣿡
ԭûСңˡ
û˵˵ĵֻǸ㣬Ҳ˹ܼȨүҲܴҶ޺ô
ûٶһʣ˵ôţ
Ҫ޷Ƿˣү̳мҵٰҶɽЩҶԸ㡣ܲܵõҪԸ⸶ٴۡ
ۣ㣬㣬㵽ʲôˣЩعζˡһ¥Ůôֵǡ
䱸Ŀ⣬ĿߵǰüңƻһЦλˣֻҪһ仰үܹٸԭְܻصǿҵС㣬æ޸˼Ҳǲѵġүܻ㣬ͻˡòšҡβ
һˣ
㲻֪ɣǰݣ½СүսͷүѴСϳ˸ȴ˴ɨ佻Ǹˣ֪⣬ܼ˷ȨıˡˣٲϣүԶز˸ˡ
ռΪ˶ŮķΪҦֵǳٻ֪½ҶνϢէŵã׺䶥˵Ǳѹʱ˿̣ˡ
½ҶһĳͣǷˡ
ϹµĻصڶߣٲɵλ߹ķˡ
ЩϹ³Լ˷ҪϹϾаԽϹʱҲܻȥǸظ£޲½ҵЦӭġΪأΪԺΡĽ
ాʮ꣬½ˣˣٰˣ˼ңŮ˹ӵ˹١ΪĹʮ꣬ڵȵ˵ҵһգ½ҶšһϮ˾о
ɫ𽥻ҰܣٺݺݵҧסֱҧѪ˿ûоʹѪζֱֻصžģＷ֣㣬Ҫʲô
Ϊá
ĬܾãҪһ롣
ĵһЦˣּҵĸɡ
ˡٴͤϣָȴƺ޸С
ٴŲŮ˹
ѯʷʲô£پͰ°ˡͯ߱ץˡϽȨҦֱɱ½ҶԼϸ˵һ飬Ȼʣһ˵˵棬ô죿ȥСû˹ȴùǲܻѽ
û뵽ô׺羪ȵƵ⿴ã¶ҿ˿ڡ
ʹҪˡҲҵؿϣزҽС
һۣǽǸ첲𣬽ô
ҡ
һήң뻹ǰο˼䣬ȻϸһִΡ
ûɵذѾ˵˵¿ɥ˵㣬ǲסȥҰѼΣͦõġڳֺǰȴͻȻˡȻάˣץסǰѵ˵ҷˣȻ˾ҡأ׸ܾãƫ̻˽Һԩԩ˵ҵֱۻġ㣬˵ô죿
üʣֻһۡΣԸԷȥҽ˵ֻˡ
ǡ
ûãҽˡ
µ˿ڣֱҡͷ˿ڣõǶк֧ܶǣܵļⱻ˺Ѹϣ˿飬ʶǵ˸ء˱ȵ˸Ҫ븨ҩɡ
벻ôأæʣ֪δܵõҩ𣿡
У¶͡ˣеĻشóۼõҩȻشûˣЩ˻ղһ
ҽ˺ֿʼޡ˿㲵ĸת磬
꣬ٳԾʣ𣿡
ҿΪã˵ЩҲ²⣬ҪԸҽ㣬߸ҽһˡ̽һپҪҪס
ؿŮŮ˵Ч̸һף
ȵسԼ簵Ȼˡ鸮ĵֲֳ̣΢ʿɱ֡ΪЧˣԵۡסˣֻǸȡ裬ѡ
 

295 

סѰ˼ΣͷʣԸ½Ҷ𣿡
ȲҪ½Ҷˡó¶ҩٸȱƷ׸о˵ԤɣͿԺңоڵǰ˵ûкô
ðɡʱ˼ʺƴӡ
ĸ׺ãվڻϳ˼š
ԼԼأɵķӦЩ֣ǵľٶ͸ŲԾΪأ粻Žᰮϱˣֻǳм
ɽ²Ҳֻޣֻðסɻ
һ䣬Ϲȥ㵤¥˻졣վھ㵤¥Զһĵƻ֣Ծ̾һ
̼֮ң主ʽ΢಻ָֻɷϹˡ֪ϹǸûгˣѿסһĿɽδáɴģѲԼ²ߣҦ־ͲϹҲԼ
תͷûɵߡһ뵽òĵͷ˵ķƺѹ֡
Զһ£޵ٵӰģ
̣ū˵ȥ˻԰仨԰ɣ
԰һ޵ʣȥʱбȥ𣿡
Ѿһ㶣Ƭ̲˵ūֻ֪Ҳȥ˻԰ɢ
΢޵ԸĴ̽һ£㵤¥ûȥϷǻػȡ
ǡ
Ŵ޵ĥߣԽԽòԾǸأ˸֪Ǹݲ˵ģ䡣˷Ҧ֣ԸưոݣԺ͡ǣ˶ȥ԰͸Ρ
ҹʱ֣Ѿ߻̣Ҧ㵤¥ѾţȥϷ磬ȥ˻԰Ҳȥˡū澹ţǻš

󣬶̻С˹ʱС޵ˡ
ʲô
ֻ֪Ӱŵ㵤¥̵ġϵС˵븮ͽ㵤¥ûվھǰֶء
ͷЩ޵˼òһ⣬Ѿ߳ҹɫ͵붨Сǰȴ߷붨ΪľǴݸϢ޵磬Ȼ⡣
һ磬ּҵһּǵȥ㵤¥һʱϷһֻƿ
̣ҩСϣºֱ۾ܸԭκھүҵ£ԴգԻл
ȵؿƿҩ̲סʣô󷽣ҩȴʧأ
ūֻǷ£شˡū澾ãûҪλ˶Ÿɡݹӷˣ󽫾ǺָˣүڳܵиɽźáүڷϽкүģүʲôȥأ
ⷬƺ赭дȴٶµƿԡ˰ΣȻСݡ㵽ģ
ū澲˳ۣū̾ʧʱ˿̣̻öΪáλ˴󷽣˵г񣬲ĶʧšɫƽƺڽһײС¡ٵĶȴов
ȵصһᣬ߰ɡҸصξΡ
ǡ
˺ץֻƿ˺һŷԸ򡣰ʱ»ҩƣ˯ˡ
ҩЧ
̣ҩЧ˿ѷɫڻشõ֡Сøģٽһӣֱ۾ȫָˡ
˿ٲɵøЩ
ΪŮҽҩʱں˷붨šϸ飬ʸ¡
֪ٴҦ֣ü̾ݣԱϧݵġ壬ҪСģҽ¸Ҫܡ
Сġ
ѷ붨ˣվڻ˼Ÿڵİӿ弱ææ˽һš
زһ͵ֻΪҶķ飬ʵټѯʣʵ۾ϣ򲻿ɾܾؾְ֮顣
û֪˭ġ
ץסֽһס˼Ƭ̣ͷҴȥ
鷿ڼСӵĹΡĻʣؾкβף
ҡͷػش𣺡ĸǵϴλҶжҲ²⣬ϣؾǣҪȫǰ̣Ϊ˲ⶾʼĩ

ʣʥּˡ
 

296 ɺ

⣬ͣˡĿ˻ʹǸųΡĹǽЩ񡣾˾ʱӲصĹǽʲô¡ֱ֮䡣
ȻҧҧٴóǷϸЩ
ʱŴٵڼڹвϡھˣ½󣬹޹ϵ
鷿⣬վվ߽ȥ
鷿ӧڣл¡𿥡Ϲ£Լƽ
ߵ¡
ƽΪ½Ҷڱ߽˹ǶԷЩ顣ºдڹңĸף
ҶΪĸ֣֮ɱ¶ᣬûʲô뷨
⻰ƽЦһ£Ҿ˵ˣû飬ЩûҪġ
ƺû䳰ȷͷ
ʵۿһ۹ùãݰ䣬˵
ǡһɤӣ˵½ҶΪϲɺءᣬӾҲ̣Щ齫ؾǣ˾ξĥһꡣպ¹ͣͲ١
󽫾½Ҷһսֻǽң˾ξϸ񣬵Уξúѧѧءˣأƽεؼڽ
شѾʾԣ£òסξصͷܼʿǷɱС½Ҷս׹Ŀá˵ĹͶ÷ͣʿǻô룿ս³Ъǰ֮ʣھЧؾǣûбҪ
ȻһϹ£֪ϴΪΣ
ϹһԲ˵ʿǵķͲ񲿵ıְԡʥá
ԣӧЦһϴˣ½Ҷ֪ϣߣϣڱЧ
򴽣Ϲӧ⻰ʲô˼һֻ˵ںδΪЧҶСǺܶأԡ
û˵꣬ƽ˵£ϴҲ½Ҷء˵ѧأ̸͡
£˵ѧأ½Ҷڽְʡ
ڳʵ˼һ¾ʣк뷨
ǵĶش𣺡¾ûҶڱ߽ʣؾҲǺõġСë꣬ڽЧֻ¡á
£ˣ˾ܺʡ
ʵۻû̩

߽ܲܿһɨܣ˵£ܷ˼˲ţټ¡
Щؿʵ۲ŴǱۣ߸֣ϸϸдÿ˵ۣƼְ꣬ʵʣߵܣ⼸˺ܸɣ
Եġ£ղסƼ˾ЧξɡˡƺжͳĿȱˣһ˶˰պĵãڻְһ˿ְ
˰佱һ飬˵ע⵽׸㣬ܾһʱ˵½ҶҪؾǣȥЭܾ鰸ɡܴͦģϸ񡣡
һڽȻ
⣬𿥵һվԣ£½Ҷս´󹦣۹ָͣʹְ֮ʵ飬ܰǱĽŵؾץˣδ
ƽȴˣ£׸ȱˣ½Ҷòϡ
£Ϊ½Ҷ٣ֵöӡƼ˺𣿡
ٴοһۣݰ䣬ӧǾأ
˴˳˳ӧʵ˵û顣ֻһͳȱ
£˾ֻȱһξһУξˣˡ
״Ϲæ˵£ûкʵĿȱ
һ˲̬ȣܲ£Ϊûˣһ£Ҳǹѧϰ˼
ܵһУʵ۳ǣָ֣ðɡһڽһȥ˾ڻġδȱ
Ӣϲܲл
ܲϲɫظˣһ֣ʵ۵עתˡ׷½ҶȥĶ˵䣬½ҶķͰɡ
ּ
һˣȴ˼ϾˣԹˡóƽҪѹӣҲǡӧЩ²͸Ϲ£⣬ֻԱ
󣬶ƽһ뵽½Ҷνʱ˾ɺޡˣһͻأ𣺡Ϊºѽ
һתһӧߵһġ
ƽԸ߰ӧһȥӧȴ˵ȥеĴֻ̣˵˵Ч϶õġ
 

297 һֽ

һƽתʲô˼
΢΢һЦ½ΪΪȷʵ԰ıǮ޶û̡Щ㲻˵ȴ湫Ч
㣿Ƭ̣½г𣿡
ûСֻΪ·ǡ
Ϊ·ǣ㵽ʲô˼
ּ½ҶνΪ½ҶáȻͬĿһ¡βȡ裿
һᣬҪʲô
˵֪½Ҷ벻ȥӾģиý㡣
šüΣǣ
Ӣ̵ָ½Ҷë꣬ôõø׵ӣύξٳԺݻ̩ʶܾûǵշԸˡʵءɽԺһݵûǺܲģϧ׸ûվڹһߡ
һ͵ʴףƽĿƬ̣ʣ˵ô
빫̫ǰһ񣬸̫󡭡ǻľ˾˽׵ġѾ˽ѵʹǰǣ̫һصǵĻᡣ
ң
ȻСϼҵĵǡν׳нǱϾδ󡣡
Ѱ˼Σáѽ֮
ͬһʱ̣ǻص˺˸ţŰǰ¸Ů˵꣬̾ϢһһԣһԲͣ˵ֻʵۻͲˡ
ң壬ЦЦΣȥˡҶھбھǰȫˡ
ǰǶΪҶˡ
ĸô˵ɾͼˡҵܵܡ
֣ƬͻȻ˵һ˸ηţ߾ͻҶһƽ¡θļͻʱ˵˵λ𽫾᲻ݣ
ʣ𽫾
԰
ԾЩ²⣬ĥһ˵Ҳ֪Ҷڰ֤ѹѣǺ¡
ƽ˾عȥգʵۺ׼˱ڷ͵飬һӦھܿǰû֣˿ۼ춯ɣ˳󼸾䣬壬ҽı³ȥˡ
ǰ֮ʣƽ̫󹬣һֻС
һһ۸ߵĵɫǣͨ͸ɫȵعڱԵ͸չϽ֯Ļɣӳ򣬷⣬֮Ŀѣ
޲ѣ̫档
Ǳǣ㿴⣬һȦȦƿƶѵÿεĻƶԳһ壬ûһصģƽг
΢Цһ£̫󣬴һĿǡǧ꣬ͨתΪϣͨ͸ԲΡֵзģҪǧϡ˻ƶأǻҩֻҪһ¾ƻϷ£ܽѢʹܽⶾ
ǷԣӳȤһϲƽһ䡣
ԣָ̫ǣ󣬵ůָʡϲ佱ƽˡ˵ıﲻɶãҪúõʹ㡣
̫ⱦҽ׵ġ
Ŷ
ľ˾ǰ̡һʱƷͿذƷͽŭ˱£ϳ˾ǡ˺ôŵõģҽ̫ǰʹֻ̫ͣһĹĻᡣ
΢ľ˾ˣ
ǰĻһƷõģµ˽¡ǻ
˼һ£̫˵ǲ£Ʒͽɵó
̫ʵǻŪˣŸҵġĵӣҲҺŪҡù飬ǾƷ
Ǻһᣬ̫˵ТģҲѵá֪ҸһصǵĻᡣú⣬ٸЩ͵Ĺ
ڽϴ˸ǸµģԼԼݣǸŮҲҿ·⿪̫ʴȸ˶䣬ϼұضж¡
л˭ϲ̫ЦʹһֻɺƽȻԸ̫ȥʵۡ
δʱ̣̲͵׸Ҹ֮׼ǲҵӪ
ѶܾȲѡ
̲ôͻȻ¡ӵİӣ壬⣿
ҡҡͷԶԳ˼Ƭ̲˵ǻ˹ˣϹµĶŮǻ¡
㵣ǡƺóɡ
˭֪ˣϣû׼˻¡
 

298 

Ϊ¡ϳǲ֪ȥ򣬾׸ı͵鸮
ֽ飬ٵ۾ɵϴ󣬲ŵؿ˺ü飬͵ץסе쿪ۣ쿪ۡ磬Ҹֻˡ̫ˣ̫ˡվ˺üȦӣֵ˶תͷЩˤѾۼֿطס
˸ˣּҵĸæȤ̣ϲѽĺú¹³ǰϲѶ߾ү
ԡ˵öԡһᣬױһ˳鷿ȥ
鷿ϹīһϲɫؽͷһϹ£ָһ£Цү̧̧ۡˡ
ûʲôؿ˿٣£
Ƴһ۾ģһһЦ˵үʲž׸飬Ҹֶؾǿҵˡ
һ㶣飿
ǰ
ӹ꣬ϹĿ¶ɻ󡣼ľ˵Ǻѽ㣬ϲˡ˵أ϶ǶСڹñ¸ˣ´һӾͿˡүˡ
ٴһϹ²ɵʣŶôôΪ
ү׸ɣƷ˾׸оǱµĶʲôأ˵ˣСȥˣû׼С֪أүǰó費²ó裬˵أ
лЩɻ󣬵Ϲһ룬ɫͲ٣˵Ǻ¡٣úõ⣬ֳ¶ˡ
ү˵ǡ
ٸ˺󣬾§סϹµĲʣүǲǾرѽ
ǰ
˵أϲ¡½Сү˷ͣС˳裬һһŮһߵƣֻкô
ĹƻϹ¾׽Ƭ̣
ļϹ£¡õϢٵ·һ㴫鸮ĸ֪ȤͼӴףѶСó裬ΰľ˾˼ҵøһ¾֮࣬ٴĸŶ볤ֿʼȨ⡣
޵Ϥ̾һ֪¡ؾζŶаһ֣ǲΪ
ڸθˣѾڷĽϵá߷رգɰ⣬֪ȥδѰֻ²֪ԼǾͻǰɵ˴ʱɲټ
ƣЩûɵźߵｻİǰȥǰһȣ
߹İͻȻһӰһûüкǸӰƺһҹˡˣǼӿŲ̤ϻȣƹе빫ӡ
ֹعͷ̶Ŀ¶ȵʣ£
һɣɸڡ
Լ˸Цʶ𣿡
عЩεЦЦԲסλӣϴˡ
Ŷʶ˸Һ𣿡
ȷʵ
ȻȵûҲţ벻żɣ
û뵽һģǳһɫʲʧˣ빫֡Ա㡣
תͷʧһ
ıӰǣ¶һĨζ
ʱѾŲҴҴ߳Զһͣ£ѡһĽվʢŵĽ
ʲǸ˽а˷ڣէ˺ܶ£ɣǰĲ٣
ͻȻף빫ӡ
һתһʱϲ빫ӡ
ǰ΢΢һЦСǣҽս˳ǣΪںôһ
ʵգֵ˵Ҫ𣿺ߣ֪ʡ
Ĺĵģͷһָһ»ͷһ㷢ʼЦ˵Ǿ͸ˡҵһȥκɡĽƷһ㣬Ĳá
֣һԼɵôãʱƢ׼Ҷȥ
߰ɡĺˡڻϳҹﻹܿ˯ʢһ䣬֡
ĺԼַ˵ۡת룬һ£ȴץøˣȰ˵ԡɫãҹ¹϶ÿµ˯
ʲô˯ôˣһҪǵġ
ġ˯ȥ߰ɡ
ԥһ£ǲˣӣƾǣԼǰȥںͷ󼸲
 

299 ˮ

ʱһֻ˹ĽԶһһƮˮϣؿӧĻһһֻġ
Թԡ
¡
ءԹԣ
ɡ
̫ˡЦŲ
ӧ̧ͷ
ʦܣΣ
ʦϲɵġҵʱ򣬽е빫ӡȷʵúڡĳ壬Ǹݵġ
ЦЦԭһռҴҵظ̩߳ڵ̫Цˣܾ֪϶ðʣӧܾʮֲ˳ۣһ뵽ضˣʱֻ
˸ˣ䲻ݸĿһתʣӧϹ¹Ů𣿡
һ㶣ӧƬ̣ҡͷ˵һǰΪ½ҶķִϹ¾һ²ؼģ֪½ô˵ģȻԼѡ˸ǡ
ԩˡ˵½ѩԼϹ¡ϹǸģŮһסֻ˵½ѩԼɵˡ½ʱȻʣһûռõģ֪ϹƷΣֻã⣬ȫѡȻ½ҵ鹣Ϲʸأ
Ŷǰ˵½ѩ꣬ǱɷġˣϹ»˵úܣŮ͸Ӳˡ
ִһĶͷرֱ˵ѽϲ˭ҪģҪǣû޸˭ǡˣǲϷ
ԣĳ岻ʣܾлˡةϹ¿϶ͬġ
ЦһҲ׵ġϴε֮ǰǼϹţϹžȥ˾׸ҺϹټףǿ֪ģύϹţضΪ̵棬պܼƻܾæ
һڵӧüʣδã
žͻǣ˼ɡ
Զȥˡӧһʲôû£ȫ֣ĵݷ
ʱ˳Ż˽֮һ޼ʵĸɫ׺ذıԵһĨǳĽߣźķ磬ҡڡ
³ʱ˳վڴͷɫдˮϣͷ죬˵⡣Ƭ̺󣬴ͣˡ
㿴⼸˯ˡٵһᣬǱߵҲʢġָָߵļЦ
²ڴͷ£ָ˯Ļ꣬̾Ƭܺÿѽ㿴ֻ˯ҲЩɫ
ǰ
£ʣϲ俪رáժȥƿɡָһЦȥժ
Żˣһקסֱۣǻúúõģ۶
Ŷջ֣Ц𣺡Ϊϲ׼һֻ͸㡣
ʿˮϣһ޼ʵıˮУкҶӳĲԵúáƿȴÿˡÿֻʲƿġ
ðɡ㿴ˮ㣬ƣǾۼںҶ¡֦û׼ܴ㡣ĵصݹһ
һ£ôô֦ǣõʳ
áȥʳЦȥƬ̣ûһʳ
ץһЩʳˮȻȺ𽥾£
רĵι㡣Ĳļ˳޲ԾزţɫĴ򣬹ճϲߡӨ׵¹ϣ뵳һƬĹӰ˯ˣɫġ⾳Ծ续
һᣬ̲ס§סСǣΪʲôôң
оǲɵһ졣է仰һ㶣һʱ˵Ǿȣʳת
ߵƬ̣ͻһЦʣøҡ˵ҵɽڵ𣿡
㵲ѣһ̶ʱŭͷҲͺݺһƣ㻹Ц
ɺ޷ͻȻһƣʧأûпգۼˤȥ
һûڣһ˳ȥקסֱۡץס޴ɣһ˲ˮ
β図ؿһֻȣһ壺ôô٣
Ե̫˰ɡһյӣ図תͷһ¼Ծͷһˮˣеӣ
ܳͬһһ˲ͻعһǰ˳С㡣
 

300 ҹ緽

קסҪ˵ȵ壬図߽УˡȻ£ժĽӣץס
Ȱȥˮ˲䣬ɾͷӦˡˮȴҲ塣˿ѾץסǵֱۣƵԡ
ڴæµһӣ˾˴󰭡ȴܾǳʪܵɫף図ֻѰһȹϡ
ϢƬ̣Ƕ˶񣬿ɻδǸԲҡ
ס֣΢Цο˵𣿱¡иׯ԰ﲻԶҴȥһ°ɡ
š
ٿ˯ͷȥ
򶫣һƬ¥Ǳۿһϣ뵵ˮߡĿãŸоƬ̣ͻȻһ졣ԾһһֻëƤ糺ԣԼ
סپޣеС󡣡
ûಡزˡ
ˣĿ¶Ȼٴαۣжϡٴһæ̧ͷһظߴһƼϣץһӡиǴˣСָĻ
΢ɵõһƬ꿴˿ϸɫмų죬ܰ㵭ݸ̧ͷ˵лл㣬С󡣡
ת飬󲻼ˡ
ЦѣɡȸԾһ£ٴرۣˮԼĻ㡣
ʱһȵؿرߵ
糣Ÿʲô
ѺǰһơһֱҡͷͻʲôֲŮӡСȥҲϲ
ֱԼЦ˵û档㵽ȥɡ˵ţҪѺӷŻسرߡһ˲Ӱһһһ֣ǿצԾȴ֣Ӿֱֱ˳
ֻֻӣһˮ˺ܶ໨꣬ȴˡûǻ꣬СƬ̡
ͬһʱ̣Զһˮϣġڸ٣ķǿڷƷ
ಡ
˿ϵķͷȥˣ
ͷ
һ䣬óһ͸ҩ衣ҩ裬󻬻صϣ˼²ˡ
һĻ鿾ȵס٣ʵ֣ʲô図˵ж޳ʧ٣ǷѾ˼Ҳû˵æѰˡ
Ǳ糲ֻǳɹʲô̫Ѱ죬Եġ
ʲô
Ҹʮƿ¶Ÿ뿪Ͽȡ
Ȼһ˵¶ıʳ
òǱЦķһˣ
ʱǻȹھǰղʱ˲ɳ©ʣ壬ʲôʱˣ
С㣬ʱˡʲ幫ӹ˵ɫȸϵྩŹˡ˵Ѿȥ֪Ȱסһҹпţ״Էū澾ʱϻȥ˷˷ᵣġ
룬ǵͷ
û˵⡣
Сǡ
̡¹£ֻһϮ£ȥ˻ĹڴȴһƮݵ忡ǲԾǣ߳΢Ц˵빫ӣΪȥϢˡ
˿̻ءسǻˡסһҹɣҴȥ꼻ԲǻҪʢˡ
ð룬ȥϢŻ԰ȥ
԰ţֻĳ
ȣվסš㿴
Ŀȥ껨ľµɽʯ䣬֦Ҷֻ̣߰΢΢ſ
ȴ˲ʱͼ꼻һſ𽥵أš룬ѩ׻ϣưεǳɫ¹£һ㣬ԼŻɢĿ
翴ǻŭţ˶Щޡ
˱꼻ã˵ű꼻ǻе֣ÿֻļʱʢţÿֻʢһʱһǵһμ⻨ľء
Ҳǵһο΢ЦŸͣȻת
ڷļͷûβҡĵ׺ȴеڷѩɫɴҹ趯ܰıǶˣɾñммҡԥһ£סļ磬ʣֻʸ⣬ˮˣ
һת
˫ڵƺʲôûУƺǱʲô
Ƭ̣ûƿֻͻȻʣϵ˺𣿡
ԣ΢ЦŸһˡ
 

301 Բ

ץס֣ǰһַֻۣŵǰһˣ˿ڻ⡣
ش䣬СϿֿ֣Ϊʲôˣ
״Цʣʲô
ɲش̧ͷȻȻؿץסļʣµǵ˺ۻ𣿡
΢򴽣ҡҡͷ
ҲãָĿĵʣ𣿡
ס֣ʣҲ𣿡
ҡͷ֣һش𣺡֪
Ĭһ˲ḧ㷢ô֪ģ
˱ۣͷĻȴıˣĵƭңһֱΪ㲻ˡڣΪʲô˲ңΪҵ𣿿֪һȥţۿ㡭ˣͬΣȻһδκΪʲôûдӹǽȥһ顣
ٿ̹ǵ˼׷һ̾ˡеֺͽֻǱرסƺֻҪһ֣ͻӰɢȥǰ·μգȥװȥغȴֻվߣһԡ
֪һֱչңӵ¶¿ʼڣΪҶ֪ӡνޱͬҾ޸һ̣Ͳܶ۱ȨƣȫȡᣬǲǡҲһԣȥȥɱȴʲôˣʲôﲻϡҪƿңһЩ£ߡţȴᶨִ֡
˸ڶλᣬٻصԣٴٷ֡
ĬĬ˱ֱۣСǣңһˡԲҲ㡣
һ̣¡
ڣ
žĻ԰ٺˣӵ
֪˶ãڲˡ·ϲ˲䣬̧ͷָȥۣ˵۾޵ô죬ӡɫӡ
һ㶣ȴͻȻƻػش𣺡Ҳӡ
ǰɡ
ǡǡߣӣҲӡҪѵҪȢһֻӣ
㵣תͷʧЦôˣǣӣһǺǡ

ӵƬ̣ɿ˵ȥϴϴɣ۾˿ɲá
ߣҲĴ
ãҵĴԣˡЦǣ֡
ʱͥԺĵġصסС¥ǰϨˡ΢⣬˵ºȥơ
£Ҹһȥɡ
á
ЯֽС¥Ƭ̺󣬵Ĺ𣬺뵳һȦȦΣճӡ
߹ֻǾȵ˵ڣ㿴ƿ͸ģɵƻȻǺɫء
ǰ֡ҵһμֵơ滹лơѰĲܴӲ죬ϸ
һ۲Ƭ̣תͷһֻһ򡣺ùϣţ̾
ֻһЩʧƬ̲ע⵽Ų裬¼ԵİϰˮһӦԾ
˴ķǵĲҵׯ԰еһж˴ǱҪ̴ӳ֡ϰɣɱ£ùһһ˵۾Щˡһ°ɡ
š
ᣬĻϲرۿƾԼ۾
һᣬƬ̣öˡ
Цһ£ؼ
뵵£˾һӵܾãۿʣݣ
˫ӯӯˮ۾ʣԶٱǰӣ㻹𣿡
һᣬḧʲôֻҪ㣬ͺá
Сǣзůĸжỽ֣ǹȥ
ļ硣
˼һ̷ˣҡҷӰ£صɢġջ⾳
ãɿ֣ļƬ̣ǰðɡ㿴к򡣡
飬ʧ
ǰˣš˳ѩ˺ޣȢλһӰ¶ӰúóĳŵǲҪĽһЯ벻ȥҪƽüı룬ȴֻͽ͡
غ֣ȴҲֱǶ仨ǧ⻪תƺ۳һֻۣעȻ󣬻ſ⻪ɢޱ޾չԽԽ޼䣬ص˵¶µһ
ˣһϳ
ȥʲô׹أ΢Цһ£סļ磬á
 

302 

ˡ
ֻˣûй֣ûϲ磬ֻǣϵߵסΪ֤ΪýԽҹʼޣķһ벻
ҡҷӰ£˴˶Ƭ̣˵ٵһЩʱաһգʮ̺죬һӭ븮
ҵ㡣
Цһ£ḧɫĴ
Ӱҡҡںգܰ䣬ʴ䣬סҴ⡣
峿ۣͶһ˫ۣԾأ˺ޡ
ˣ˳ޡ
۾һɵһͷ
ɣ
㿪֣Цһ
׽סһᣬ§˵ЩڳҰɡҲȥġ
šǽȥ˯ɡ§סļ磬εգգۡ
á
һȥ׽㡣
һת㶺׽
㲻׽㣿
ƻһת飬ᡣ
̫ˡ㶼׽ˡﲻţһۣͷ
Լ׽һĶ䡣
ˣˣľ㡣һ£ֻЦžҪ㿪ȴסһԹԣҿԺò
ðˣһ§סҾ֪ġ
´Ƭ̣תڶ硣ˮ֪ʱ˱һС
ʱĻ£図еΪβҽȥС㣿
ȥˡҼҹһ𡣡

СѾͷ۾ɵԲ図ҡҡͷο˵ҼҹӶϹĵģ㲻õġʱȥûҪ԰˷̣ȥ緹ɡ
ǣǡ˰Σ̲סץһͷʣүͬ𣿡
ʲôͬġģ϶ͬġ
𣿡
ȻСǸˣܴġ
ǿ϶ġ
ȻˣСѾͷʲôȥ緹ɣ߳ԡ
佻һľգͷǸ図ȥ緹ˡ
ʱŮͷµȹһԿױһ̴ӽ롣
Сǣȥһ¡ͷһһ緹
ţ㡣
ܿӣͥԺˮϣķеһιһֻɫӡϷһ꣬һֻƿ
ʦ֣ң
̧ͷһЦʦܣǷһ顣Ƿ糵ġ
飿ʲôʱ򣿡
һɻķǶʱЦǰϡЦ˺һᣬͣҡͷԵ˵һֵǧ㲻øл𣿡
Ȼ
ŵӼЦ˺һһָֻͬãԱ˴మд֮Чض㡭ͬǵ㲻ȼġˣͻἤ߶⣬˾һα˰ɣ
ΪʲôͻȻѻ͵ˡƬ̣Ǽ֪˵ʲôźã߹ݺһļ磬ʦ֣㣬ôЩֶ߰ϣ
ǡΪá⣬ֱۣʲôģȢģ𣿡
򴽣Զԡ
˵ĻܺóԣûȥһЩл糡
ٴһɾ˵ôô̰ԣ
ʦܣѵúϲĸ㡣Ѻ糺ˣšķѭѭա
ţ
԰糱ȷӰɶˡδ䣬һֻצӡ
ӣ̲סЩЦͷ˵ðɡóķ˵ƿҩڲȥȥҪ鷳
ţ
һȣķֱҡͷʦܣ治Ǽٲ㻹дҪʱУǾǻ¡
㣡£ֻƿֿǡ
ġԻشġ
壿΢٣ķǰβʲôƿ
Ŀȥķǲʣҹп̽
һʿˮתûС¡õ⣬׼ؾǡ֮ǰƽ̫󡣡
΢΢£üߵƬ̲ʣϴСҹϮӧж
ûСǷ֣ϸ˳ȥˡ
ӧǺܳסġˣвҲ˵
ǡ
˸ţ˵ϹڳסЩӣɢɢġ
һķǲţһߣʱ¡һ緹뿪ׯ԰ڷ򸽽档ʱ֣ٴεϻȥˡ
 

303 ƫ

ڴͷšŽµı̲ʣôӳģ˺ص˰ɣ
סɳƬ̣̾һʦǡڳ֪ʣؽͨʬһ˳˵ʱûˣĿڻЩ΢ůȫ֮ǰ뿪˾ǡ˼ʮҺöʦһ˿ףǿסҪ
űңԶΧѡֻнΪŻ˿ףһϢд档ķǴҹ뿪ǣԶݣһ·õ˴֮ǿȻٸԸֽӹҩŬһ꣬ڲŻȬΪ˺ۣҩ˾˾ʧòҲָǰ
Щľǲɵתһᣬʹɣ
ûˡ˺󣬳䶨ʦָǮƽ߷Ϊڻ෬òŰɢصľɲۼСڽһսĴ༯ˡ
ĬĬס֣ʣ㼸ʱ˸ʦ֣Ҽǵû˵
ʦھԶĵطʱ·ݣң˳Ϊͽʮʦʦѧϰ꣬˵ѧòˣԼУȻϱȥˡãҵҵĥ£û£ʦ롣棬Ҿʹȥ˽˾ְι꣬ȥļҡ
˶ʦӻҪҾͼˡ§סֱۣľ֮࣬мѡ
ԣЦʦֵϲĻ⣬ɡ
󣿡ֻë׵ĺݸðÿɿɰͻء
ꡱƤһ룬ķǵİϷ
ҹˣ˯ʢǷۺϣֻˮԣӰá
գִǵɽϪ棬׽տЦ
ó𣿡
óԡԵһƬ⣬ǿ佱˵ַһŵ㣬῾㣬úܺóԡ
佱Լɸ˲ѣҿҲܺóԡһҴֻҰÿԡ
룬ӻǲҪˡҰҲͦɰġ
ԣ˼һ¾ʣôϲӣ
԰ë׵˳ɰ
һϲתתͷʣ˵ҺûӺã
һ²˵Ȼá
Ц§סİˣ˿ŵĶʣϲ𣿡
ϲ˵ϲ͸ҵĶÿ춼š
ֻµ˵ֻմѪãһֻõĸ㡣
šĴ᲻᲻ˣ
ġʦֽڼϲ磬ʵܴ󷽡ˣһΡذΣԼҪ۵¸
û뵽һЦû֦ҡЦ˺һᣬʣ㻹ȥҰѼ
ֻݼҸɵĻ֪١֪Ĳࡣ
Ȼһ۲˵Ժ׼üȥңСҾϲЩµġܸ֪øһЩ
ǰԼ۲쵽¸˵ǰ˵Ϻ;ƺˡ߷ǿҵҪЩҵӧֻɳƻشѪĻ¡
֪
ԣԡɽĺͷ磬ˮ˵繡Զһɽʯ棬ƳӦ޳һĻĿⲻơ
ɫѿ図ȰϹԹĺܺáǴ˱նӧ£ǲܼʱϵȳġϸһıԼ¸Ӧ޳
ţӦ޳򴽲˵図ôҴ磬Σ
һҡͷġ
ôһԻġӦ޳бһۣ֪Ȱסǣҿ϶ҵ֤ݵġˡ

ûס図Σֻա
˲ԶӦ޳ͿһϮһԵʯͷϡٲûʣӰң
и㡣Сǽ㡣ǡʼ磬ƺʱˣҾͲȥˡ
ġЦһͷߡ
Ӧ޳ΪΣʦ㡣֪ġ
ǰĴģػᱨ𡣵ŮһģҺ㣬ͬı
ƫҭӰݺһڣͷһˡ
Ӧ޳ջصׯ԰ͼվڻ¡룬߹ȥʣ磬ΪʲôֹŮһ𣿡
һ鿺ЦҡͷԸΪҪֹңϸһοǺ޶⡣
һ΢˵á¾ʱ£ȥһسݰɡ
 

304 ݲ

֪Ӧ޳ȥɴĴ棬ĥޱȡһȥǱĻѡꡣ
ѡ̲꣬סʣС㣬빫Ӽʱȥף
Ҫһӡ
ǣС㡭һүͬô죿߹Լ£ʱ
ЩؿǲŷӦݸİɡȢҵġҵô롭ù
벻ͨΪʲôô˵ʵڣûʲôƣһƶ͵ͷʣС㣬ѡЩʲô
Щ⡣ĥһ£ǷԸȥ図һЩ㻨ۡ
ܿ죬ˡ図һӻꡣ
ôô໨ꣿ
˶࣬ҵĻ겻óԡʮȻذѻʯϣóһɫۣЩ𣿡
΢˵û׼ǳԵġ
˱˲õģһ궼Ѽģзݡ図̯̯˵ϴε÷ܺóԡ̫٣֣ӾûԵǿһ䡣
ô˵̰ɡ
û취óԵ˺ܶࡣ
Զԣ˿Щ꣬ѻѡһ¡á
ĺɻˡһ̤ϻȾŵܵ㡣һʯϰźüӣ図һϲվһԡ
ôˡ
̧ͷЦˡÿԳԡ
̫ˡ˳߹ɵͷ˿ĸɫ⣬ȵʣȻ߲ʵġȥеƲʺ⡣
һƬĿ֣ǸԵġ
һһɫ⣬էȥʢ졢ơסϡɫȵطֲڸϣӳĺ⣬ƺŹ⡣
̾һ£ʣΪʲô߲ʵĲܳԣ
ݸǸԵġڻ˶ɽ޶ϲ㻨ۣ²ϲ˲ܳԣ˻ӡ
ôϡ档ٴϸӰһ֪Ӻδ䵽ϡţһϣһ⡣
ġɰѵӷǰ
ˣֻ۾ưһ꣬ţ׼ȷڶֻϡ̣߲ʸ˸ɾ죬Ŀĵϡ
ɡ図ͬʱԵġ
ԡˣʦ־ûóˡȥɡ
ķǣת飬һ̲ˡ
Ȱ˶˿״ʧЦôٴУ𣿡
öֻҪһצץ㡣׵ġ
Ҿܿɰ
ɰ図һҡͷӾ֪ˣѷ̵ġ
図ܿʳˣֻʣһʻ⡣
£ɿ˿Ӳ˵Сǣ̫ƫˡôֻ࣬ʣһҡ
ԹЦȰ図˵ռģзݡ˵ǵ˺ܶ࣬֡ҪҼֻ֣һƬ

ԺҾԣǨһǰɡһƬ͵ߣ㳢
ЦӯӯɵЦһ£ſڳԵƬ⡣
ó𣿡
óԡСǣôЩ
ǰĸʱ³˾ԵģҺ棬ѧͻˡһ￴;˾˳ԣǶ˵óԣҾ¹о
ͷϸļ£ʲô図˵ϴ㵷ĳܶҩۣϾ߲Ч㼸ʱѧģ
Ц𣺡Сʱؼĸѧģҩڹ俴ġ
ü
šĵ伮ûʲôȥʱڹУֵʱȥĲ顣һΣڵһϿһ¼˻ҳһֽֽϼǸӡʱʮأͿѷӼ
Ƭ̣˵ֽܱмء滹һͼһƵİԲֹʣǷͼ˺ܶ໨ݣдһ֣һ֪ʲô˼
ݡһ
ķĻʣΪʲôĵ󣿡
˵ֻؾáЩһӧʵ۵߷滨ݡǻ鵽ӧʱͻݡһΣǡǰǲ߲ҩ֮ǰ
ν⣿
ǹ۲ӧ꣬Ⱥûݡȴͻݡνеķʸͼ뻨йأ
 

305 

Ƭ̣ķףáҲǸǸм¸㣬¡ջص˾ǣѰ׼ٴοҵ
һϢžʣʦ֣öƽΪʲôҪң֮ǰǾΪ˹űǵġ
ȷʵԸڰﴩߡ
˴˿һᣬͬؽеӧ
İɲɵǸԼ£СǸңƺĴˡ¡ؾ˵ߵǾġӧΪʲôҪң
һ塣½Ҷӷָʹ½Һˣƽݵ£Ҳض䣬Ѱһؾ档ˣֻҪ˴˵δزöӡ
ǶŻҶء
ķǵͷһ鷿͵ˣͶƽɺϵؽȥˡӧҲ˽ȥžھдСĿջϮ˶ϸ⵽ˡǶ׼δã
ߵƬ̣ʱسˡһǿ϶̲סġ
üķתʣƽ
Ľ֣Ϊڰ޷̵غɱˣǾɰתȻҩĵ⣬ӧܲܳסд˼֡
壬ķİãҪӧ᲻һɱ˽ٲơ
ԡ
ȼ֣һʿҴһϢϽݡ
룬ɲʵּˣϽѱ𡣼Ҵ棬Ҳݷɡ
ȷʵΡ
δˡ˾ۼһã鿴ҹֱݡķҲҹⷻȥҾ
صɰ߷¿ҵҰس¸ǡ
գգۣͷ˵áȻ˳ҵ߷ȥ㡣ӧ˿϶ݵģһҪСЩ
§ס˵ġ߷ǻشãµġ㻹ǾסںǸ˸֣̫ƽúܡ
šЦЦرۡ
պǷԸʰ׼ྩţ˳ػˡСǣ㿴ݹһֻӡ
һȾ־ޣæӹӸһ£̾ȻɫġȾŽɫɫëֹ޺죬ÿɣǲֲã
ǰϲ𣿡
ϲҵһμôëɫӴģ
ãҵӣ͸ɡ
ģ̫ˡӣϲ֣š
ðѰӲ࣬Բιˮˡ
֪ˡģҿ϶úš
˸ˣ図̲סüʲôû˵ʱɴ뿪ׯ԰ྩء
ʱ˳ǡŸԶԶɫ
ûԼĿ̽ɰͻغߡ図ʣӣֻ͸Ϲ׵𣿡
ʲô׵ģСϲӣӶأ͸áס׼˵ȥ
򴽣ðɡ
ӭʱ뿪ǽˡһϲɫֻɫӣβʣС㣬ЩӿɺãȥôöǴʲôԷɾͲˡ
Ϲ˵̣㿴ֻǲǺܺÿֻʡ
ǺÿȻɫʰ쵵ӡǡ˭͸㣿
ݸ빫ӵӣš
˸߲ҵرӵĸǰױȥˡüɫ裬µ˼֣Ըˡ
һﻶЦԭǰ½ҶӾдŻ֪һаãԼʮֺƣǰĲ١ٿŮϲɫΪˡ
ҹ֮ʱڻص򸮡
ˣɰͻ˳ɻص߷ȥ˾׸ʱѾȬˡ
šǻں
ǵġǰԼģ˵ԸǺ
һӣӧЦ̸ƾʲô
ȥţͻһšǸּҵ˽¸ߣ͸ġ²²⣬ʹŮġ
ſЦƬ̣ЦһóӸ̸ȻԾ߹󣬾ٰڰڼӰɡ
ǡþȰ˵Ϲԭӣ׼ظ
䣬أ
ʣŵط²豭һЦٳ嶯ıѳɴͷˡȻôżöӻȥӧ㿴ʱͽˡ
 

306 Ȼᵳ

ҹʱ֣鸮šڰһӰ߹
ٴʧڸ˲ߡԶһ£һ˫۾ȥתͷ˵൱ء
ǰ£ӧҪǿ֣˳ڰĻЦһ
áĦȭƣһԾԾԡ
״ĻʧЦˣǴȥæ˵Цʧҹɫͬһʱ̣ɴ̩ܵ鷿
һ֣ܲά½ҶѾ²ˡʱܲվڴǰŰҹĻݡ
¡
عͷվһ߹ļ磬û˰ɣ
ûˣл¹ġ
ڳ⵹ңˡ֪ҾټǼˡ˻ʵ׿ϵĸֱȥԺɶЩдۣƷȴƷ硣ⲻŴѹ𣿡
ԭת˸Ȧܲ߷ߵ˵Щҹ۲ϵĹԱ󲿷ֻ֪ķУת棬ʵµûУǮ¿ǰ˾ְָʹ繦δָһϲͨƾʲôһ죿
ƵذԼϳĸֻһ飬ܲȻǰ˵Ҳһ顣¡Ȼ飬Щɡ¶ڰʹӡһæýŲմأ
ţû
Ƭ̣ܲͻȻʣɣʵЭܻܿһЩɣ
£˿ʵ˰Ƹĸδ֮е˰ƻݼңһʵУضǵ档ι˵̫ǰߣǼʵлһ棿֣̫󣬸вʵ۵ɣһ棬ĸͻЦбضءң͢ʼǻʵ۵ĳ͢˭תأһݱˣЩɿ𣬻ʵۿɾлˡ
ܲһ
¿ʵҰġϣᵳӪ˽ȻѰжŶĵˣ㣬𣬱书һۡȻˣ˳ˮۡ
һתóһᣬЩЩڵʣЩڼ㣬Щ˰Դ˿̵Ļ˵ǲɶõ˲šգµͥϱö֮ذƼʵۣҪ¡ʵ۰Ͳ㹫Ȼᵳض׼ġ
Ѱ˼Ƭ̣ܲӹᷭһ飬ȵ⼸ǹģģ񲿵ģ̲ҲСʵͬ𣿡
£ǴƿŻʵɾѣϧðϹ٣Ǯƿ·ѹżܵλܰ¡˰ΪĸЩ̵档ȵµǻǾǿõĳӣµı۰򡣡
ָһ֣˵ֺһең̵ģˮϵӪмءϧžݲ̲̲ͣܵĲŸɲЯһּɡ
ٴϸһǵܲ˵ǿΪĿﶼǲ
ʧЦҡҡͷ
йԱϸͲˣǳġ¡Ҳżɿǿܵ˸ɣͱΪطСˡ
ⲻ𣿻ʵ۲ܣ
ʵܣ𣿡Ȼʡ
Ȼܲ˼Σס
ʱܲڷܱʼ顣վһ鷿װΡ
ʱһϸĽŲţһ
ʳз⡣ȥɣæء
ǡ
㶮ء۾ҿߣߡǼôֵҹģǸ˲ɲ׼ǰԺ𣿡¤š
ǣǡ
ȥٴΰһ̺¤ˣһʳС
£ҹ˵üûȥˡ
ͣ±ʣܲû˵ʳи¡ԺЩѾ߽
ǡ
¤˳˵ɣ˰ɡ
ü£˶㻹ɡʵкô
һ㶣ݺݵһۣ˵ʲôҪȹ𣿺ߣôҹҿǲġ
ģɺЦѣʳ˵Ȼ²ԣûȥ図óԡ
ȵȡˣûдء
£д°ɣҺθɣ
ٴαǻˣܲüŭվסʲô̬ȣ˵дãҳһŶԡ
ʼ磬ʳٴ¡
鷿ܲƷܱʣ޵ѾҹΡ
ǰԺ˼鷿ŵƣŹšܹ̺˵պ󲻵׼ܽǰԺҹЩת͡
 

307 

ü˼ž˵ô֣֮ǰѾǰҹȥ𣿡
ūҲ֪
⼸տͣ
ǰԱݼûСôˣﻹп͡
˼䣬ǲŮԿŷ˼
ɻ꣬ܲΪ˽ġԴӷؾǣطһЩֺеܲڷ˺ܶ࣬볯֮͸æµóܲԻĲºġ
һ磬ؽ밲뿪ʱ˲ԶͼʺŹŮ
񣬻ʺһ԰ɢ
ת˼ǫ͵ЦЦԵӡ
Ǻܿ԰еƬ̣ʺƺʵ˵˾ǣ
ǰҲǱ
Ǻ¡̩볯ʱ̣㸸׵˾ǣôָһ
תЦ˵Цˡʮڷܣϵ¶ѧġҸ׻ؾãϤԺָ㣬̸ء
ɣΪ̩ضȥϾء
ûе¡Ҹ׻ؾЩӣǻûء
ԣʺ󵭵һЦѵ㸸׻ؾôҲڸ磿
ʮַæİʲô硣
Ǻǡ⻰ôáѵ̩³裿
ûеġǰ±ȽϺ棬Щڷù˺ܶ࣬ҹѽ鷿ĵʱ󡣵¶鲻Ҫ̺Ҳ֪æʲôƺرԹһ䡣
ʺ΢ת˿˼
سʱۣܲȻʵҪ¡
£볯ֻĹԱܲЩ˸¡Ըõ
еʵĥһ¾ʣ˵ǲϸǡδأ
֪ܲ˾ְ
ߵܣЩô֪ģ
£Щڳ𽥾֪һЩˡܾЩڸǶģҪ͵һáԼȱˣǾ͡԰ѻе˵ȥһ
һȻػشƺûκβס
ϵĹԱת˼
ʵۻһȺתʣϰ䣬̩Ҫ񲿵ˣú𣿡
һ㶣Ϲ½ӹڼഫһƲ˵¾úʣǾ͵ɡȻеȱǿòµģ·ġ
ÿɷ񣬻ʵʣΰ䣬ֺ̲õߺ𣿡
һιȻɨһ̩ĥž˵û
룬ʵۼʣةأ
һܲµκ²⣬һ»ʵۣص˵£̩ЭܻԶԲڵεĵ漰˾ó
԰䣬˵˵ɡ
ʵ۵⣬ӰҲǸӪģԲػش𣺡ƶǿԵġϲʣʥá
޵ЦЦʵۿ˿ܵܣߵܣЭܻһҲЩ԰䣬ģ̩ɡ
ּ
Ӣû뵽ʵ׼ˣܲͷһ˿⣬ȴ˲ס񣬴ףл
ڳ۲һĻ˼¡˼ţȴ鵭װû
ɢܲ˴ӰĽŲ߼У̲סתתͷЦʣ£ЩˡǼʱȥݻˣ
һۣ˵ּٹ˽ģ
Ǻǣʧˡ롣ЦһӰﲻţŻʵǶǵ̬ȣװһģ
ܲʱرնʱ߷һοҵˡ
οҵ߷һҩҩ裬ɢɢ衢ͨ࡭ȵȡ۸񲻹󣬿ЧҲΧ۵ע⵽˽ѯʡ
ҩƵˣЧΣ
ɢɢЧܺáѰĵ˷һվܻ⣬΢ļվͺãأֻҪ˽ǣһ¾ܻȬˡԶ֢ҩģЧá
Ǯ
һһСˣҩ㹻
ؿǸƣǿˣ߽ѯʡ
ʱ߷ҩϢྩ֪һ԰ݻƵ߷ҩ۸񻹺ܱˣҽݵ̷׷ǰһۡһʱ䣬ͥС
ʱ֣һ߷Ƭָһƿҩʣʲôã
θຮ֢ںʪĶãܺҲЧصĵҴ֢ҩҩܼǿЧһЦݿؽ͡
תתͷôҩˣ
ҽݶܹЩ˵ҩ¡
һ䣬Ҫһƿ
 

308 Լ

ʱδ߷ҩˡţ߷һŸʾպٰһҩᣬǰ񣬲ջƵҩҩۣЧã۸ˡ
ڶഫ֮£ྩ𽥼ĿⲻԼͬͶ۷׷ס
ʱص
С㣬߷ҵˣҩɺˡаպһҩᣬ˵ʲôرҩۡ
Ѹʾѧһ飬ݸʱȥῴ
ǡǡСղȥ߷ˣ
˼һ£ջصضæšȥˡȥǿȥ
šǡһ£ֹ
֪ʵڵԼ룬΢Цһ¾˵ɵѾͷõĵġֱˡ
šūֻǵġү᲻빫ӳţһֻ̽أ
ţ֪˭ţ
ＥЦһ£ǰο˵ġȥ԰ɡܿ챧ӣ嵽԰ȥˡĻ԰߶꣬ݳúܸߣιȴǸõȥ
Ǵڻ԰鸮Ϸ죬һִ֡
Ϊʲôȥ߷
ȥʲôȥǧΪһԴף˲ˣ㿴ǸӣûһʡĵġֱκˣúôڸһӡɲǺˣ㡣ﲻͬ⡣סȥ˾˻ˣǼġĹλˣѡһź£㵱ˣȼ޸ǿˣ
ǡ
ʲô˱ûǰ;û׼ǹ⹴ɣ㡣Ҫɵɵؼ޸ûŵݵˣء
´δ磬һ
úôšЩڸԣﶼȥѵŮһ٣ٽ䣬һѾ߽̣ү˵Ȼүڸڸ磬ϴϴԸү
һϲٶʱЦãá죬Ըð졣ȥүٰүһ
ǡ
æµ֪ŵүҪˣǾ֮࣬ԶֶЩ
ĺʱ֣ϸ硣Ľܶμӣֻжøĸ׽˻԰¡Ѿˡ飬ͼϹˣԸžġϽͷһڳæͷ
ƺûϽЦϹ¾˵ϲүؾүȻǼ磬Сôûأ
ԡˣȥ̺С㡣
ǡ
״ٸЦһ¾˵үȥ£Щԣ֪ˡүԭһذɡҲˡ
һϹµһ۶ӣס²ΪЩ֪£Ĳ㡣
ǡǣӴˡһĹɴ⣬Ͻװͷ
֪ͺá
ö˵Ϲ¡¿ҵΣ޵ʹŮ誷ˡһϯûǽܣüȴЦŵأŮϯ
һٷԵòϲΣȰƣЦ̣¡ҲǸ֪Ȥģ˵ЩеĻҲϹµ˲١ϽһֱͷԷ¶࿴һ۾ͻἤŭ˸סͬû飬ɣ㣬Թֲʡ
ɢϯϹ´žˡ¸ֶȲ𻰣ϽöӦ꣬ӦƬ̾͸Ի˷
ûɵػصϽһ壬ֻмڴɨղ裬ʱЩΧԼݺݺࡣϧһ£ȻǰԼȴƽױϣֱ޵޼䣬ߵ
۶̧ûһ
ſˣһѾ߶һ裬ӯӯ
Ͻʣ˭
ūǾѾߡүһʱû̺򣬾Ǳȴû£Ҿ͸үͲ衣
ţ
ǰүڿ𣿡
ŶŶǺǡɵЦһ£Ͻ˼ٴλ
߹ڵظ裬үƵĹ裬ζأȴɬЩ΢ϲ𣿡
裬ƷƷò衣ò衣
һֹģֵһүҸһ϶Ȥ¡
á衣ģϽ﷢æӹڶ衣
ıѰգһЦүʱԺ㡣

㡣ĪȻʱʱصϽĶúرƤ
 

309 

ʵغ˯һᣬϽʲôڽԼͷԵһһվڸǰ
үҹˡЪŰɡͻµѾ̺ġ
Ը˯ȥùܱүˡ
ӣϽҡҡλεؽңܾͷκġˤڴϣٴα˯ȥ
ʱ©һ̣Ͻһĺү
ڵЩл㱵شźڰһᣬҡҡλε˴Ьץһۣ˳ȥûѾ̺ҲȤԺԵʮա
˷һᣬƺʲô߶ǺǣǺǣˣɵЦţΰ̫סСԺȥ
ﵥ˯ˡ
˯ʱͻȻһУ˭˭

үү㲻ܽȥ
ˣ
ѣЩ˯ƿʣô£
ûشһӰ˵ǰǰһ˱ס״εˣˣ
˵ĵ͵ѹþȫݺƿǸˣһߺδ䣬ȴٴ˹һקסֱ۰Ӵϳˤһš
̣
ˣ
һ󺰽к鸮𡣷̵Ѿζû뵽ϽϷǽп಻Ǳŵû겻壬ҵ£ȴ֪Ǻá
̣űļǵˡ
һԣɥʱ˷裬һ˹ȥסͷ˴ˣ֪߳ܵļˣ㾹ȻҹҶӡҴ㣬㡣
ûС㣬ԩԩûϵŻˣͷһض㡣
̣Ĳ̵Ĵѽ
ļѾͷһСӣıȦ׿ӺҶһ߿˹άѾߣ۾һָŵѾˣѼǶݺݵش򣬺ݺݵش򡣡
̣ԩԩ
ţּҵĴµ̣үˡ
һ£ٻͷͼƽСſ·Ϲžġ
ˣͷһת˹ȥүҪΪ㿴֪˭Ի˶ɵˡ㿴ɵض˵ѽ
󾪣عĵæеүǰǵġү֪ʲô贳ҵѾӡүԩѽԩ
棬ٿҲϹͷаʱ߹ݺ˵һţŭ˵ôö˶˵ܵǲʲô£
ѽүûϵ
ү˹Ѿײֺ׽ү¼Ů˸ŷѽϹ³ץסӺԩ
ûУûеģүҲˣԩ
һĻһЦһת˵ү˹ءүúõزԼ˯Ȼ߽ܵ˭أ⣬Զء
˵
ú˵ֻǾ¡Ҫүүɡ
˿檣ϹתͷһɶӣԼ˵
ҡϽɾͷΣھ˵˵ҵġ
һ˶סϹһӾסӵ½󣬡˭㣿
ߣ
һֱѵ񾪵ûɢæ˹סϹµȿ޽Уүûе¡ԩԩүҪѽ
ݺ¶ӣϹ¶ݺ񣬼Ƕͷת򣬽ŽˤڵϣٲϼţˡˣҺݺݵش򡣡
״ּҵһɱڵһᣬʲô
ӸƤ޺ݺݵس顣ͷҽţүԩԩ
ͷϵϹһ
ˣԺڷ̵Ѿûһ顣ٶݺݵŵ񣬺޲ý̻
ۿҪҴ޵ϵ˸һס֣ס֣
ţ
ϵǰ棬һɨܾ˵үϢŭҾʮֹ죬үö׵ġһʡ
ʲôʵģ
ǰ㣬㲻Ҫˡ˿ŵݻүôӽܵҵĲǡЩӣү𣿡һԽɿ
޵һ۾ģ䳰һ˵úá˽ԸѲû˰үӽ
 

310 ʧ

һ㶡޵ת˵㣬֪㰮УүҲүĶӡѵүͲ𣿵ô֣ŷ磬үүĸ֮顣㣬ֻһӡ

޵Ȱүס¹үٴΪáүֻơһã¾ͻʵ֤˽ͨĸ֮պҪٵģץ˰ѱڳ㣿
һȫŸ棬Ϲ²ɵó˳˼ʰɡ
׿ϣ޵תͷʹһɸѾӣүôģ
Ƭ̣һѾߴŵӰϽ룬šˡȻ˷̵ˣڵľ˵һ顣
ԽƤԽ޵Ͷ˵԰ꡣԸ˰ϽɫʣүôԼúϢȴߵˣ
ԼѽҾˡϽЩ겻ػشĿƣƺ޷۽
ٴϹµʱˡ
Цһ㣬˰ɣүڿ˵ԼԻÿɲᡣ
žĵ䳰ȷ޵ɫϹ·˵үү״̫ԡɫήңĿƣƺʲôƵġ˵ʽ̵˵׷ʲô£
ţðɡƽȥһˡ
ܿ죬ƽѺżӴҴһû뵽ӣӻõ˻꣬æѽϸ˵
ү˯ˣֱѵģ
ǰүˮûȣϴһū澽˺üͰū澴򷢳ȥˡ
û˽˽󣿡
үʱʱչԺ壬ûбˡ
̣ūһ£û˳롣һĻŵز䡣
룬үôߵ𣿡
ûɵԴϽۣ߽˵ҡ
ʵʱ˶ϽԾˡ޵һȰүҾүǲˡҽΡþ͹үˣʵ顣ùҷþˡأ
ŶһᣬϹѰ˼λǵͷðɣϸá٣㲻ҪԤƫ̻
֪磬ֻõͷǡ
ȰϹ£޵ת˿٣˵㣬һȰˣؼƺ󣬶׷ʹ򡣼ãүϵϴͺѻصˡΪүǰ̣һ
Ĭһ˲áˡѵõ˵˾û
ʱ޵ԸȰϽͻؽȻΡַԸ˺۵ĵԺƿܡ
ʱị̃࣬˽УС㣬С㣬ˣˡ
һ͵ش˸һץסʣôˣ
ˡﱻﹴү
ʲôһ飬Ƕʱ˯ˡץס̺Ƭ̾ʣΣ
Żػ

δһСѾ߸һһʮҹϸ˵һ飬˵˵ر֣Ҳûүʲô֣ʲôһ˵ңʧ֢ڸأ¶ɿ˵û׼үҩҩ̫үˡү˾ʹӵְۣһ١ڻǿȰţģȥߥүºֵġ
û뵽죬ľѣ˼һ¾ʣʱֳ£
ǵġ
ȥ跨ϵҵ³
ǡ
СѾˣҲ˯ţڴǰվ˺һŷԸȥԵģȻױîʱ̣뿪߷ȥͬʱһҽֱԺ
ڻ԰図˽ӣˡЦָָ
һսȥһٻӰת
һϲ±ӭ˹ȥСǣôôˣ
һæ˿ڣɣмºżҡ
ɫݣס֣˵𼱣¡ôˣ
˶񣬡˹£ܴǰСѾߵϸ˵һ飬ֵҲ²Ǿֽţȴ֤ݡֻߥҵļޣΪңܼȡ
Ϊ֮ƵðܵĲκá⣬֪ﻹλҽ𣿡룬ʡ
 

311 ¶

¾ú֣ɰο˵𼱡º֣ĸﴮͨΪʲôҩܣ˽ͨĸ֮ѽ
ʵһǲɵü˼һ£Ҳúܹ֡ɣѵΪ˺ܣ
ҡͷɳ˼Ƭ̲˵Ⱦ˰ɡҵõҪԼȥô£
˿ҡͷһȥֻõҸﴮỳͨ籨ţǶǻ¡׼ó̶ȥһˡģĵ֪ܵ߰ίҵܵ跨ʮֺҾװ֪
ԣЦŸһͦװ㼸ʱôˣ
һ뵽ҵ΢ЩͰһֵҺܱߣϴεҲҲ³ˣ
ǿ佱㡣׽ס֣ɰﱧЦŵôң㲻ң
Ϣڶϣǲغشһȡһ̧ͷһ図ż翿ϣȴŤһߡ
΢ɨˣʣ図ʲô
ӣϹˡ
ܵܣһæֱۡպһŲ죬˽㣬⡣
̶ˡ
ýЩ죬Ͻ̲סһɣֹһ˵˸Ҹ£ôˣ
׮˵ˡ
㵲ѣϽ͵üе԰粻ǹĵ𣿡
һ֮ڶУ˶һ㶡üɾʣϹӣ繴ģ֪𣿡
ҵֻ֪ܸۡʣǾͰº˵һ飬˵һҵһ֮°ܸϳšͻȻ˵Ҫ磬¡ܻ˸
ƬѾϢɻ˵ǺֵܹġҵμӼ硣ﱾ֪ģ˵Ǿ飬ҵáѵ
˴˿˶뵽һֿܣǾĵ⡣
һǸ˼һᣬʵ磬˵ҵܰظΪʲôҹͳأ
ȷʵܹ֡ר裬Լȥġ֪ʲô˱Ƚر𣿡
ٴ룬ҶѾߣڸ°ŵġȥ¶һգֻһѾ߻˵ţضס࣡ѵ˵븮վͽ㵤¥̣ûվͳ㵤¥ĹѾߡ
ףĿ¶˼
ǡܵ׵ʲô
ǲԻɢٸԼԻج֮¾ʹĿ¶أˣǴò䷨ܻܵʧɷ񲡣
һüʣΪζ¶֣ǲ𣿡
ҡҡͷһʱϾһ򵥵ķӡ
һͷˮϽ̿㣬ٿɣʵ̲סʣ˵ʲôԻļʱˣĸг𣿡
ûнͣ˵ȥǰȵ³ô˵ǵôһȥ
ĻϽ¶ͷʣһô֪ģλش𣿡
˵ظȡ˳ʺ֪ġ
š
أ
⻰ЦЦϹӣջشÿҵҩһʱǰΧۣ˵һرõҩøһԡɻ߾˵ֻ˵飬ҩЧá
óһֻƿ¶ԺԻҩЧ֢ҲáԻҩǽ¥ŮӺܶ඼ЩԴʩչֶΡô˵Իĥ
Цֻ꣬Ͻ̲´ӹֻƿʣҩǮ
պҩ֮һļһǧƽ𡣵͸ˡ
ɵؿٿһȻϽʶת˼һЦлҿһѱ൱أһ͸Ұɣ
һ㶡ûԣ΢Цá
û뵽ͻȻôϽ̲סٴο˿㣬ˡǰѰӡ
Ŀ͵ܵˣæʣô͸̶
ܵܡǼɡ
һ£ѻѩûҶɡ
ʼ磬˵ӲġҺΪѵġ
СɵıӣһָֻҡҡŲء֮ǰ˵߷ҵǮĴġ͸̶Ĳ
ʦֲȱǮ§ס´Ƭ̣˵ǳȥɣ˳ҰѼ
 

312 үҩ

図ɴǳȥ档ʧ図ҡҡͷߣչʧܻ԰ʱ̣ϸһ¹¼һˡĻǹµһµͷεúòԡǮһ롣
á
Ǿ߰ɡ漱øȹƵġ
ҲҪʱġҵȵ˵
ʱ㣬вУ
ȻСˣģ϶Ǯ
һ϶ǹٴεͷʱˣĴ
ЦЦл
ϸϵĽףϽߡĥŽյţٿƿҩ۾һֹֹ
꣬㵲ѣʣүһ̲أ
꣬ӵĲβãۣһοɵ÷ˡȻظһȦһ£Ȼȥ߷˵һٻʱ³硣ü
һ˷ܣЦѣͷǡȥ
ˣϽ̴ŵļǰߡ
ֱٴλֵƬ̣ɢˡ߳ţϽӭȥ񣺡밲
ǶӣϹ΢ٿĵģ͵ʲôһʣ̶㲻úö飬ΪΣ
˵粡ˣƺйϵûǸᡣ
˭˵ģ
Ͻ̲Ųæػش𣺡պǲظʺһ½㣬ڸ˵ҹ£Ŷûļǵܻú֣ǰ
үҽ㲻ܹүģ϶ˡү졣״ĸϿ
ɨ˵һۣߥ޳̶飿
С˲ҡС˵ĽСŸ׶飬Ҳ֪£Բү¡үֻǳڹĲŹһµġ
ϹɫںڣϽ˵Ҫ⣬ֻƺʧ֢ȥѰһƿҩĲ顣
ҩ
óһֻƿ¶߷ҵҩһʱȥתתҩҩԻɢЧʧ֢ҲЧ
¶ȵؽӹҩƿ˰ΣϹ¾ʣ߷ģ
ǰ˵ԻɢֶǽаһЩ¥ŮҲЩ޷Ϊ衣ҩͦ˸Ȥġ
ʲôϹ²ʣ¥Ҳã
԰
΢üϹ˼ʣ̶ôֵطȥˣ
һϽȴҲ飬һתЦһǾ˵ġĴ֪öࡣ
˶һۣЦʲôЦͳ߰ɣΪظ
ԾظŸ׻˸ǰϽ̳һ߻ͣվǰȡ
鸮ϽĲɺɫټ۾Ҫðҿ޵һֱȰţʱүǰ̲סȥ鷳
ˣȱ֣޵Ž٣żռ䣬Ų죬ּҵĴĴˡ
򣬿죬Ҷӿ
߹Ǵȵüž˵ʧ֢ȻԭȴͻȻģǳԻҩһĶ˵ġ
Իҩʲô
پУһѾẒ̌үˡ
үټææӭ˳ȥȴһۿ˸Ͻ̡üͷһšһ࣬ҵؿүүѽĲѰѽÿ
û٣Ϲ½ݿ˿ƺɵĶӣתʣ̶ҩأ
⡣㿴ҩܲã˵֢ԻɢЧ
ǴһۣһһţƬ˵үһԣ
֣á
̺ҩˡȥȴСʱϽͻȻüһڵشۡ³һ̲ȳճҺ첻Ѭ졣û˹޽УǴ䣬ǰҪѨ롣
ۣۣ˺һᣬϽ۾ˣûصϣƺ˹ȥ

ûӦ
⣿
̱żҩЧģҩķǸ¶̫٣ȫɻѡ
һ£һʱ˲˼СŪҩ˹ץסϽ̣Ժذ󣺡̸ҩģȥõȾ磬Ⱦ𣿡
֣Ͻȴ죬ⰲο˵𼱡ҩֻܹһ㡣߷С˸ȥɣڸҡ
Уȥȥּҵģȥҩ
û뵽ҩЧϹ֮࿴Ӿʣ̶ҩ߷ģ
ԡǻҩᡣ˵¶Ҳ֮һ
ġҩǮ
 

313 Ĳ

ʣϽһת̯̯˵ֻһͻһǧûǮš˸ɥ飬ɺ粡ˣһأֻԸ¡
ô˵Ϲµ龹Щӣһ㿴㣬ûϢһᵽ˷֧ȡǧӡ˰ɣ
ˣллллէǮ׬Ͻ̶ʱϲЦտ˸Ҿ
޵һĻЩЦȴʱûүǮС쵰ˣֱŶӾĲѡ
һһᣬȵˡϽ̣ԳԾȴЦ߹ϹߡĬһᣬּҵļææ˻
ҩˡ
Ǵӹ򿪣ţҩˡ
΢ĽʣӴʲôö
һ棬Ͻת˼Ц𣺡¶˵ԺԻҩʧ֢ĶЧ
¶ôû۲һתѹľ΢ЦſϽ̣ϸϸʡ
ǽ޵ЦȴЫ͵֣Ͻͷ˵˵ҩ߷ġ
ע⵽ѹģϹʱ̹١
ʱڶҩˡ
ºϽ͵رɫڵץסؿڰΣۡ߰˿ںѪǴ״ɫطסĺ󱳣޵ذıҪѨϣȻ
ۣ
һŧѪֱֱǽϡϽؾͷһɣͷһ壬ۺһɤӣˡ
һѵɵϢͻȻ˾ģʶʣʱûѽ
˻һ˶סˡĿһɣƲ壬ϽͻȻʣ磬طʲô
ȲѽǸѾ߸Ͳ衣
ĸѾߣͬʱʡ
鸡֮ʣϽѿڶ㵤¥Ѿߡ
û뵽Ի⿪ˣĴ󾪣תүҹ˼Ҷ㣬ﶼûȥѽ
תͷϹüѾôᵽȥ
ңҲ֪үǲǺͿѽ
ţǻˡ͵ݵ࣬ͷŭһһ˵үû֪ضѾߵΪǸģĴүϲ顣
ࣿת޵ȵʣǸȥ¶»ŻǸѾߣ
˾һۣٺݺҧǸʸ֦ģһﴧĦӵ˼ϲһڡ
࣬ġֻǸ¥ļ澣ӣԼҲȾĸ߹ö࣬ƾʲôüڸǰָֻţ˿̻عζʱɱģסҴ
ŶǱģԻɢϹʱˡûϧ飬ȻԸࡣ
ţּҵĴ˸飬æһӦţ㵤¥ɱ
Ϣ˿̣ϽѾعһĸǶڣһصѪ֪Լﻹץ˸ţͷһžһµ´ύӵذҹĲ˵˸һһʮ
֮ʣּҵķɱ㵤¥Ѱ࣬Ӳߣû˲ǷˡôүԻɢӲôɵģģ֪үˣ˵Ի衣
Ի裿ʲô£
㻹װǺˡͷѽҸ㡭ѽ˵ˣּҵľضϽôͰɡүôӵۣҲĲ㡣סʳҡ
üû뵽龹ĿһЦһлչˡ֪̫ˡ

̽סּҵĲӣط
ּҵţ۾ɵϴ󣬺俩һᣬˡʬ壬ݵ޷תֱСš
µĻּҵĺƤһڵϵۣĿζ벻ԼͽһӣȴΪһ̰ƣһڣ
ּҵĲ֮ʱϽһѱһغԩ
ŶӡǸѾ߸Ͳ裬˵ʲô裬ЩЩġ˵㵤¥Ѿߡ޹ģӱˡҰɣ
ϹüԽԽŨҵԽżתһĸѾߣСôȥߴߡ
ǡ
һ̺һĲҽ𣺡ɱ
Ƕһ㶡
ʣǸߴٵѾ߷˰ܽ״εؽ£ˣˣ̣ӱɱˡ

ŮϽ̵һع߽Уˣ
 

314 

Ų죬ʱƽҴҴŻǸˡ
үܾˡּҵǱġ㵤¥࡭ʲСšһ۾ģƽ˶ٲ˵˵ҪȥƲ⣬ηǱˡ
ɱּҵģ
²֪
쵰ܡǾˣ
үϢŭиĽƣСŵ֪լ°
ˣ㻹Ÿʲôȥȥ뾩׸鰸һ뵽㵤¥ɱ˲գ۵ͽϹ¶پһļ¡
пϽˡ˶Ծر˸ĵľ룬Ϲ¡ھÿ¡Ĺվţеù
ûȶãܾԴˡ
ƽټּҵʬ壬ܾȵ˵ϴˣλǱͽġ˵ͽȻڴ˵ĸǡˣȻһ˷裬ϡ
ʶ˸Ϲ²ɵ˵˵ǡ˭֪ﾹĲ졣
ѵüڼˣܾü˿ˣֻ֮¡֪ǸӺδģ
һӣƽ˵ּҵĴģûվȥ㵤¥̡˭ּ֪ҵȥʻͲˣȻ󡭡
üܾһ¾ģתת˼ʣ֪𣿡
֪Ƕ㰲̵ġ˵Ҿû쳣
֪ĳ𣿡
ŲּҵģЩĻţΣֻ֪СģҲ֪
Ѹڵ˰һ飬֪˼Ƭ̣ܾ˵ϴˣ¹Ʋ⣬ּҵĸЩϵǰҪʻۼڸǲȥźɱ֡¶ֵĿĿΪڸԼ¹ٻᷢ¼˻ǼֱۡǵҲҪΪá
ãáˡ
׸ּ̧ҵʬ壬Ϲ΢ס񣬵ͷɹڵϵĶӣûʣͲͺȣɵɵ
ӣӴˡ벻ôֲѽ
ߡ㿴㣬һǳꡣıԺȥ
ү
飬ϹºݺݵһۣôܼҵģȻɱˣȫˣȻʲô֪㲻Ҫٹˡ޵ȹš
û뵽һҹͻ䣬ٲɵôס޵΢ת˵үүҲ˰㡣պЩڸ﷽տ
ڰ֣ʲôŰۡ㰲ż˸ȥտúԡ֪ͲҪٻˡ
Ͻ죬ٱ⡣
ŮǣϹ·ȥϽˡ
ŮƬ̣޵Բ˵㣬үͷϣȵүҪرԺ㿴˭ʾͰȥ̰ɡ
ҧסͷ˵ѻɥ˶ٲŵͷ÷ˡ
ûٶ˵޵Ȱ˾ģȻԴǴȥҽΡվãٲûɵذĸѾ߸ȥϽɥϷء
ʱϽ̸Ÿ׽˾͢
վϹ¿˿ͻȻʣ̶ûйϵ
΢ת˼ͷ˵֪£˵ߵҶ书ҲǣһλЩ磬ЩľãϾȲλﶼ·
ҶּҵģϹס
⶯Ͻ̲ٶԣȥ
ϸæ֮ʣ뿪鸮˹սСһĥž϶ȥһᣬס˽šǰƬ̣סһԶ̵˭
սǴһʿһһס·
Ǻգ΢΢üʣʲôˣҰմ٣
ࣿ¶⣬㶪Ĺ滹𣿡
͵ʲôˣ
棬˵ӵҿǷһ

Ͷ಩
ʮغϣһУӳһֻ
ۣ
𡣽ԾȥȴؼһһһҺˤڵϣסӿѪգ۱졣
ʹ֧ŲסήڵأŴ۵һֻѪӡں˵ļͷĿ¶׹⡣
ĸáʲôˣ
Ӱʦáö̰׷ɱҲ͵ϮζΣˣ棬㡣
ݺݵ˲Źǵġ
Ⱥ˼Ц۾һѪٷӵڵϣ
 

315 ٺ

һ㶣ɨ˵һڡ
߹¿˿ҡͷ˵Ծˡʲôѽֵô߶һ䣬ע⵽ʲôץסһһδȥ
ң㿴
࣡٣䡣
Ϣ䣬һߣֹһϢʧ١
Ȼˡ֣֪ʲô𣿡˾Ļ䡣
֪ܹѽƬƤһᣬĻ˵˴˾ߡʬ嶪һׯ
áʬ壬һЩҩۣóһӡһƬϵѪգۼ仯׻ңһɢ١
ʱܽ׸
˸Ůˣջص׸ܾű֣˴Ҵȥ
һªڵϣĿ
鿴һ̧ʬ塣ܾվԭشŵΣһׯ΢£üΣ˼ظȥˡ
ʱϽٴν߷β㣬Ʋ죬ɫϽ˵Ͳ裬ືȻɱ˵¸図ȻݳƱ
ƿҩ׼һǧƽǧһǧ׼ۡ׬һǧ֣˵
һ図͵ؿЦؽӹƱϽ̵ļ˵Ϲӣǿˡ⾭ǲлˡ
ǵȻԵһᣬʣҽأ
ǹӳȥˡ
ûʡ
ϽˣϲŴӺ߳
図ӣһжˡϢȥ᷻ʦԳס࣬Ծˡǰʬ嶪һׯ׸Ѿ֡
š
ûţظȥˡ
תת壬ȥɡµš
ϣ図ٴƽܵǱ߷ĺǰ図յḮС⡣һ̺ܾ鷿
ܾüˣɸɵģ
ˣֻǳ㲻֪ϸĹ¡ϸҹĹµյϸһ飬ʼ˵գ๼
û뵽Ի裬ܾüʣҪǸĲǺܵó𣿡
һʱҲβ͸ĵܸܵϼү˾أ
תЩȻ˼һ¾ʣһׯİɡǹʬ嶪ǣ͵Ϯһׯ
͵ϮץЩ˸Ѫϴشõһ·ġڰΣ
á
ˬЩ⣬図ɵ̯̯ܾ֡˵ֻĳԵúܶ࣬һͽúܡԣҪǮ
Ȼ룬ͳһƱ㹻˰ɡ
Цչ˲ҪǮֻһꡣ
Զԡ図˶óһˣ߷ᣬ
ҩܾɵؿȤ
図ǰḮʱɺǻص߷߽˼䡣
꣬ɹЦ˵Сǣܱˣ˵˲衣ŭʻɱȥּҵģηǱӡòУٴθϳţĹܼȨ£ϸڹš
ܵܰ¶ǧƽ𡣡Цſ佱ܻ飬ܵܡ
֪ԼĽţЦû֦ҡЦһʣˣ
ˡҹкϷ
գۣһ¾Ц֪ˡܣҴ࣬ӡ˵ڸѰɱȻ󱨰׸
§סЦŸ˸ǱǺӧھиפأڰ׸
ҪЩһһ룬˵ȥˡһӧ֪ˣû׼һ뵽㡣㲻߷˿ʵ
ԡ߷ӭͣҪĵ׼ᣬǾ͸ӣǰμӡ
ҲȸԾ
㵱ȻҪôĳ㲻ôУЦţ˻԰кܺóԵĻұ󡣡

˵ЦŶѽ
ߣһۣǴ˴Ķͷ¡
¾ֱ˵¡ǲǳԹӵġ
һ£˵ߣŲ¡
̻ʱػ˺߷ɿţŰǣһæµ
ͬһʱ̣ڴҴҽ鷿
ˣԻ⿪Ͻ˹˵հһռľ涸ת˵꣬һԵüһͻȻʣأ
û
ڵվԡȥ龩׸춯δ䣬ӥ˽ˣˣׯϮ
 

316 ùŹ

һӧĿһڵվȴץסֱۣӧʱȥѾˡ

ӥ˰֪ɡںδ𣿡
ڽϣհͻظ
ü˼Ƭ̣Ǵˣ˿ӡˡ˸磬˭⿪Իٴá
ǡ
ڡӥ˳ӧʣ䣬ʲô
˿ҲáǼȻı󶯣ҪŻǵˡСĿջˣλˡ¶µĲñΪ˵ӰһǳʧЧҲ²ǸöĸڷӰȴǾٴԻ⿪ȥвöмңоĸ֡˲żüءӧһҪʮֵľӦԣùһ񡣡
һᣬӧ򴽣ͷ
ԭǰ¶㲢ǱҪֻһ壬þһӰһǳǸ߷Ӱң˼Ƶġٷͻɱˣ׸ϵ⣬Ҳͼӽ˶ֵ̡
ͬϽηȷʵΪһҪϽѹ٣ǾĻǸԼףɴһʯȴϣﱨţõܻܵظˣɰŴԻȱƵɱǱӣץסս
ʱưһׯɱһƬս׼ľ׸ѾٸϵΧ˽һʱصɱ޾ԮòѪսͻΧֻɢӴܡڰУкβ׷
⣬ɻֵֹ֣ôӧȻû
Ӱӧ¸׷٣ǵľ図ţҺĻȥס࣬ңһӧʵ
Ļ΢⣬ʵסǲС
ҸղſǼ˽ȥ˵ġӧѾʧ˲֣ۣ
һӣףֻµ˺ܶ࣬ν¡
ü˼ܻ
ʱƽ򸮴Žգƺ⡣׸ץס߸ˣɱһˡܾһɱƬ̲ʣʲô֣

Ӹʲôô
һ㶡
ӧ԰ɣ
͵ۣ˺һͻȻʣ֪ʲô
֪һׯǵפأ֪شѪǸɵġҾú֣ĻΪβڴͳ츮ǻʲôأ
򴽣ش𣺡ֻ֪Ϲ˭Ҳ֪شõѪǸɵģ˭ɵģҲ֪
֪ʲô
Ƕʮһ飬ɢֻϹ֪ΪʲôҪ˵ĿΪΣ֪˵ˣǲӧ¡
ǣ
صͷ
ûӣ
û˼
΢ûܾʣͻȻۡ
ι
𣬴ͷ
һܾ˹ȥһ֪ʱɫѪӿһ˲һִһһһֻȥ
ǽϣľмɽ죬󾪣һ߿Ŵ˽Сţˣˣôˣ
˸ܾնԾˣʲֹĿ̽вˡһ£ƽһ˵ˡ֪ǲɱġ

ݺݴһӣʬ̧ߣʬ
ǡ
ʱ˵Ժ󷢼ҵһССĺڵ㣬һס
ˣжɣǲ̶Ծְ֪СףͯߵĶҲƵġͯ˶Ƿ裬ȴѪңڰʻţӺζأɷǹŹ֡
ܾشһ۴ҴˣǸˡ
ʲôܾһ˳ȥߵʬƶ񻯶Ρ
ֲ֪ܾţֺ֤ݡĬ˺һᣬʣ֮ǰǴСץǸҲ˲Σ
ǵġһץסʱͦģˣô񣿡һɻ
ٴʬûСס
ǡ
æµʱǰߵͷ淢˺ɫС㡣ɫܾ˰ҲûȻбޱȡץÿ˶ĪмֵһҲûʳ
ܾʱ߷ոձš԰ɶϵ㡣ȼ˻δ
ܾԸӧİҲֻ֪Ӧԣ̽񣬸֪ӧɲеơ
ǿѹŽƣŲ
 

317 ׽

̧ͷȥķǡ図˽
վʣΣ
ӧ׸һׯǳϮ˻󣬻Ǹӡ˸Ѳɱʮ߸ץڣɱˡʮֵˣһӾܺá
ǾͺáȻûвӦء
ǰܳסµ˱ȵķͻȻһ֣ҽع۲һǧءϹ޸ǳϧ֪ԭǲǳҹ棿
սϸĴķݵġѧԻ൱ƵԻҩӣЧǿˣķǳ֣¶ҩвƳԻ
ҡͷЩ⻰һ㶣̶Ц図ҲЦ
Цʲôι˭Цģ
Ц˺һͣסʦ֣ǻãһ໡ǡݴ໡ǷԱüܶ˰ɣôû棿
һķһŭû档һ·ܶˣȵϾĵû
תЦȻȲʦּʶ㡣㲻跨õӰʲô˶ˡ
Ʋ죬ķĿ¶ǶûٵľǼٵġ
԰һҿ裬ɵ鶯磬˿ɦŪˡ㲻һһ͸αЦȰ
Ƭ̣ķǵͷ˵ȷʵվǶʱȻˡپ£Ƥϸ壬ȣʵʮֳɫ
䲻ŮɰԸ̣תתͲϽҩ¸˵Ͻ˻ơȾڸ֪¶ЧضܸȤʦ֣Ǯ׬ˡ
á
׬Ǯķ˾ģ²
ϸ׵ķһĶͷʣɣ㿴ҵ𣿡
һ㶣ɷɿصͷеġһǰܹȥ
ǻѩá˵á
Ŷڷһسˣܿ
図֮ǰ𣿡
ûûСƤһ図ʸڷϡ
벻ͨķɻѽҳȥǰڻ԰ȥͲˡ
ᣬæȰʦ֣û׼굽ɽȥˡҡ˶٣㲻ˣٵõһֻ׵ġ
ףǵļѵֻҺ˵˵ܽ˲׽һֻɫ൱ټҲֻֻ
Щ飬ЦǻӲ᲻ġᣬҹܺãҩɡ
ðɡʱɻķҩ®ȥˡ߷ҩġķҽͬޣҽ˿ھ򣬸öˣǾȲڵġ
Ŀˣ図ŵ˵ӣȡΪ͵Ĺӵӣá
һ£ôˣҲιġ졣
ε´ش𣺡֪
߷ﵷҩ߻Ѫǿŷ
ʧΣ
ϢƬ̣Ц湻ݵġһׯǸϮʮʧ˶ʮŸʮ߸ˡ
أ
һʮˣɢˡ
óһҩ£ڷԸӥȥˣŻعվŵĺˣ˭⿪ԻҪǵˣϸеѾߡ
ǡ
˷ȥڵͷ߻鷿
ʧӧܾò˵Ҷȥȥǣⱻע⵽ϴǸˣǼܸȥѰׯҲ֮СǴˡ
ϢŭȻеʧֻ֦Ҷ
£һüˣ
ǵġΪȥϸĶңԲӦʬڲׯ֡ţׯϮ׸Χ󡢸ͬʱϮǲӦ
Ƭ̣ĴˡҧгƬ̣ӧŶȥ
糯δӧѾڵȻʵˡ
ô磬ʵЦӧôôڷܣ
£ҹ١شõİ޹Щǡ
ѣʵǴεʣ㵣ʲô
׸һֱ鲻壬Ƕϴˣ£ôҶ۹⿴
û뵽˵ôһ仰ʵ۴֮࣬Цӧôˣ㶼һصģ˵˵ĸ۹⿴ˣ
ةࡢٸ顭ӧһѳдԱһ顣
޹أôҡҡͷʵǰȥƬ̲˵ĻҲԡּ飬ԶҲû
ʥ
 

318 ô

ԣʵֹ˿תʣΪܾ㣬˳ۣ
£ǹߥ幫Ȼﳼġ泼ӧһߵػش
ʰѣбҪߺߵСۡˣʣϴϴɡһ䣬ʵȥἴʼˡ
᷽ɢֶٽ˹
鷿ӧʮȻվһԡ
ֶ񣬻ʵ۾ʣᰮ䣬˵Һġô£У㳹شѪн
£˳û׸ȷʵһᡣڻشѪ飬鵽һЩ˽ƻвץ
ԣӧЦˣֶڳץץǸһӲôú޽չ֪ǲ˰ｻͨ࣬Ե
һ㶣Զæ˵ͳ죬ҵһİ£Ե
ߺߣ˵ùûʡֶƹ̰Ȼ
ԶԷܾ˵ͳ죬¹һоݡ˵գΪ鸮˹Ȼɱˣ¹ٲǰȥ鰸Ǹͽڳϡ׷飬ָǱأҹͻϮץδ֮У
ûץ𣿡
ץ߸ϧǶʿˣȻԲˡ¹Ҳú֣ʲô˾Ȼھ˺µɱ֣ҳ൨ġݺݰѡ൨ġĸҧҧʵͳ֮𣬼ȻģΪҹɳ˷ˣ
ߣǵΰǾ׸𣬽ֲץ㣬ÿץġ޶֤֪Ǻξģ
һ䣬ӧԻʵ˵ܾʮšãְܾ˾ȷʵƴ󰸣Ҳҫ֮ӡÿǴĵظþҴܣ˼ɹİµ˾ܡ
ͳ죬׸ܵİɡû뵽ǰֶָԶԲˣԷԡ
ܾҲǸݽɫ״Ȼʵ˵һֵ£ּ鰸ֻǰѯʽĲɴͳõأܽ԰ǨŭڳΪ˷ͣѳҹ˲Ᵽͳ쵣֮𣬲޶Իָ𳼼ΪжΣЮ˽
⻰ӧĿһܾʲô˼
¹پǸߴͳ죬ҪôܺþǵΰҪôҪԽ޴ҡ
㣡
ӧµƿԣʵ΢΢üİܾô˵ģʲôѳЮ˽޿ǿСԶԣ㿴ֶſڿӡҲúùܽһ¡
ͷֶһʾ죬ԶԸæͣϢŭܾҹ׷ˣȷʵͻȻԾˣбƣͳ¿ˡ
ܾĹĵģѵ֪ڸġܾ˵ӧһת
ע⵽ʵ۲ˣʣܾʲô𣿡
ܾ΢£üѹѹͷŭ˵ҡ£ͳԳﳼ
Ե޹ڮٳдԱ㶮أ
ǣʧԣ֪
ߣᰮ䣬Ӿ塣ܾҪúѧѧأ֪𣿡
ǡ
ֶʵ۳˼һ¾ʣӧ㴦ܾΪ˽ǵ£
£ע⵽ܾ̩ô˵ֻǴ̼һ£ܾ̽̽˱ӧ֣תɴߡ
üߵ
ǵġһ̩ӳЭ鰸ȥ˾׸̩ھ׸̻ʱǳԷ룬ֻʰбҪͣô𣿡
Ŀ΢Ը⣬Ҫݾߡ
⶯ӧɿ˵ΪܾСʹ롣١ְͣһ£ôһΪáˣʲô£ͲܱԹչˡ
ܵܣʵ˾裬Ըּ
ֶջصãʵ۵Ŀ͵ˣܾǰʧǣӹ԰˼һ¡
ྩΪӾ׸ȻֻƷɻʵֱ֮Ȩκ˾š
ּ⣬ܾȭͷգǿѹŭ𣬽ּ
һԶֶļ翪˼䡣Ŀֶظ˼̾һƬ̣ʱʲôûֻͷѲ鰸·ȥ
ʱ߷͵˸ۡ󽫾
֪¶Чӣæȥ֪첻ѣַѯʣϸ·
ǵġϼүƵʧ֢¶źõġϸˣ׸ˡЩӣַǣϸĶȻ֪±Ѳ鵽ϸ˵һ顣
 

319 ıʿ

꣬ĥƬ̵ͷַ㣬㱣ȥһᡣ
ǡ
ߺʣ߷ʱҩģ
߷ǰʼҩ۸ܱˡǲȥһƿҽݵĴ˵Чܲκ֢Чġַóƿҩ
ҽҩûʲôĵãһʣʱСʲô춯
ϳţᵽȥסˡǰ˳ǣǸһ𡣡
ߣáǰȥһ߷ʵ
סм£ϽѾˡȥ˽ݡ
üȥʲô
˵㻹ûھǵ˵˭İ㣬µıʣΪɺܿɡݣȥϸ
áҪʱһۡ
ַ˳Գ˼Ƭ̣Цһ߷ǻٳҲãҵҪŪʲô顣
޺ʱҲĵĻػϸ˵һյʼĩ˵ǸǾõġ˵ҩûʲô棬ؼҩ¶³ҩ뿴
ӧӹһֻܷܷҩһ˿߽Ǵǡ
ҩƬ̣ǸϵķӣⲻԻġҿϱض¶ϡ
룬˵ʦ֣߷ҩҪȥʵ𣿡
һԵʦã߷ԻҪЩ
΢΢һЦá
ҹʱ֣ӧѵڶ䡣
Ƿͷȥڰһ
š˵ջʵܾ˼ˣ
ǰʵɵܵܡߣ̩ȥ˾׸ֻǹ¹ز鰸Щ˵úһɴͨ԰ɣ
԰ЩڳˣԽԽˡЦţתġ
§סƬ̣ӧ˵ЩͬǵĻ£
Ҿ֪
Цһӧĥ˵¼󰸲ϣӵĶžɡ٢ФԪּʡЩϵķϣ̲ˣʵۻ̩ڳټǸҲǴ˼ġ˵̩Ĳ֪ʵ۶Ļɵ𣿡
һ㶣˸Цӧ̩Ǹˣ
Ȼ۰ϧĸ磬˾˲Ƿǣܿʹǹȥˡ˵̩ڳк޳룬ҶӡƽƽǵƾСЭһܳΡ
ף˼Ƭ̾˵ν棬Ҳ²ȥᣬʱҪλүǺε
΢˸̲ס䣬˵㣬᲻ʮ־ޣ
һۣ㼵ѽ⻰˵ˣһҪԡ

Ҳ𣿡Цһ˵
߷ҩٴνྩķơȴǣֻյϷ﷢һ¼䣬Ҧּ֣ҵģʧ˹ܼȨٴαţ˵Ļš
һ̣밲
һ㶣̧ͷһٲϲ࣬㼸ʱˣ
߶ʮͣĿɾЦݿ䡣Լ΢Цж̵ĸǵҵһǰ˳Ʒǰ˾ǡհþ˵£Ÿ
Ƭ̣ٸһץס֣࣬
齱б£ʣ˵үѹܼȨΪΣ
࣬áϽҺϼƺϼơͲӰ¸ྲţ˼
ԭǷٵѾߣ˼ɣıԲסϸӪȡ֮ıٺ֮ãԶޭݡһǰдŻӰɷıǨæϽ
˵꣬üϸȰ˵̣ıûдֻһҶĿѽ
һҶĿ
Ӿӵ¶£룬ô֪˸үӵģ¶һգСΪͻȻǣ׸ΪʲôͻȻ֣˭ϵʵȴǴС㡣УСӲȥ㵤¥ô֪үۣɼȴ㵤¥߶
סĥβʣ˵С˵ƣ
ҿȷʵˡ̣ʵûҪү˭ҪҪүֻӡＴ㵱˼ңСҪģҵջλүϡСԲŽύǣΪ
 

320 

ȫ뵽Щٷһʣǣ˿ô죿
̣˿Чİ취ĺͽ⡭ȷŵλ£ȡүٻسá
룬ٲΪʲôǺֲǾӼˡ
ҡͷ̣˵ĻүѾүүȴԵõүļϽСү֧֣֮³ܾѶûгλ̸ֻܳǿߣֻǿ֮䡣Ҳ²⣬Ƿ£λҪүǡɫСκˣү˾Ѿĺôۣܲ

ңͽ⣬Ͳû׼չһүҿλǸĺݽɫĿɽܿϣǱүǿöмֵġҪΪη
һ˺һ᲻پôѻˡһ£ʣһүС쵰ǧͷһѽ˵ôȥ٣ү᲻ỹǰѼҵ壿
һЦỌ̇̄ǹҡ˵ѽֻҪүԴС䱸һ־Ӯˡ
Σ򣬵ͷ˵үС䵭úܣҲǹ׵ģүòУûʲôٶѽ
ûоٶνֻҪүΪоٶͳˡ˵ġʱ˿̣ǡòڸ
һ㲦ͨ٣ãã겻㻹ǰһܸɡ佱ժһֻӣؾáҳ⣬պɷĹٻһš
ЦЦ˵̣ǱߣЩ˵㣬ȥ˵˵
װͷ
ʱǲ˻˵Ҫȥ·ϡ޵ûӣȥءʱһѾ뿪ۡ
ڽ·꣬ĴѾȥ¥緹˷ƷŲ裬ȻѾȥ۽Ѿߺ󲻾ãſˣһŮӣһֻ̣зһ㡣
¸㣬΢΢һЦˡ
Ƭ̣ЦһӴ²ڸ˵ƫҪɡ¾ֱ˵
Ǹˬˡҽ̹˵Ϊ˶ӡ˵Ȼλ˵ĺôȻҪΪͬһӰ£ͬûʲôġյﲻҪϡ
û뵽˵ô仰Ŀ¶棬ü˵Ȼ⣬Ҳټƽϡ
лȡ̻˵֮ǰᶼǴС㰵ʹѡ˵жε֪ʲô뷨
Ѱ˼Ƭ̣Ľطʣ뷨
СгүϽСү˾ǹϵߵýѲ٣ĲȱɴСи˸ӡ
ʲôĺܸȤգգۡ
½ү֧֣СͽڵĻ³ɲˡ½үûˣүɲС㣬νĸ֮ҲûԼĻ¡
ȾĻش˵˵ֻһЩǳ벻λˡǡ
ıӰͻȻʣôûڸ㣿
ҽ࣬ǰ̶̵ġˡ
ˡĵһƬԵĿ¶˼
ﷵصʱ߷ǰӯšһ߷ҩϸ档
ҩЧƺӡ
ЩҩᴿģҩĶʮ󺱼ʶЧǿ󡣡
׼٣εͷЦʡ
ʼ磬Ҫ˭ˡ
֪ˣҪթˡ
֪˭
Ҳһӧһɡ
ôµģ
һָֻȻһꡱ¶ѽ
Цſȥһ¡һ죬æƿ˶ࡣ
§סЦˣδ䣬һɷ羰شʦܣ̩ˡ
һ̧ͷһķǲ֪ʱ岽⣬бӣһֵɫɨˣû˵үĶѾ図žˡ
ż磬޻رܵԾ¡
ΣֻôߡڶżܲŸȥգԶܲĵطǲܲͷ
ʱǻˡӧھпȴһеҵڶ߿󡣴˿̣ɵıӰĿ¶ζ
 

321 ۸ߵ

Ÿܲݳһֽ
Ҫʲôһ֪ʲôǱ¼൱ÿһǵһε֪ôء
سܲȥĵ顣Ǳû⣬׵õˣձмŵֽ
ӹֽɿһͷˮֽܱȴԣɫе͸ףмֲֽͬϻĲֻ֪ͼΣЩЩػЩЩ̣ЩЩбͿѻҺ·벻ͨôܴеõǸ䷽ĥһ¾ʣ£Ǳֻֽ
԰ôˣ
ûʲôҪʼˣȳȥ
סɻֽ˳ȥͻʣ򸮡ݸʲôˣ
ķˣ汣Ľַ㣬ԸһΣǴ
һ図ɵͷʣӧأ
Ŵͳ츮ǸŮӣɴ棬̬ġ
Ů죿ӧƺȢװɣ
ǰû׼ǵڶ
ȻСɽصصǸŮӣ˼־裬ȥСɽĶлǲҪ¶档
һ㶣図Ҳ뵽ʲôæͷǡ
һ̺󣬹һ죬Щĳ΢һĿȥһʿģ߳˹֣Цݿ˵νֱεᡣΪǳҩ߷˾Ҵҩ̵ưλҽǰҩλ;ɷġ
Աϣ򿪵һ̡зһֻɫƿ
裬θɫ֢ɢůɢֹʹ溮ĵشԸֺҲЧƿЧᴿʮһҩ͵ֵʮѰҩ˵ǰͷҩҳԣֻ걻紵ˣҩǲܳԵġ
ɫһڿ̨λһƿ顣
һĻȺЩɧ
Ƭ̺ʣԺ֢ЧɻҪҩ
վõĺ֢ԴҩΪ֢ʩΣҩֻȾϺǨӲֻҪ͸ǣôҩ˳ɡνƶػش
Ƭ̺һᵭ𣺡Ѱҩﲻ̫˵Ч֪ɷ֪һҩģ
˻һ䣬һ˰ĿͶǼŸ󡣴˿̣еʹӰ֪Ůɡվڿ̨ѭȥ΢ɼü֪Ÿŵ򸮵Ů졣
νȵعһ֣ش𣺡λʵúáʵƿ֮ЧˣΪҩǡ
ʲôʵŮʶؾڵվһ˲ס񣬸£ĬϢſڣɷһۣ
Ȼν԰һֻСƿ͵ŸǰһִֻӹƿӡƿһҩĿ֮֮С
ҩΣʣݴ֮վпᣬܼôܵõأ
ҩֻҪЧͺãҩĵĳΪΣҲ֪

ע⵽һĻ˽ͳУνص̨ϣλƿﹲʮҩ۶ôصĺ֢ҩӣȴһҩļǧƽÿμӼһǧһҲɡ۸ߵá
һǧ״ܲһתڱۡ
ǧ
һǧ
ۺܲٴοڣ裬
΢һһ˵һ裬ȫ¡
Ӷ濿һ۵ż䴫ڽԾ㵡û֪ʲôʮļ۸¼ҩֱǷ˼
νȴЦúϲ£죬󺰣һλ˳һ
ٸ
һ̺󣬳䶨
û̽Ŀ⣬νóڶƿҩ¶
ҩЧΪ˶æʣܶʧ֢֪­Ե˿Ч
Ҫ˵ĳ̶ˡ­֮˳꼰Ǻ֫壬ࡢͨɢáش꣬ץסࡢͨɢһ
䣬˺ܸȤʣǮ
ǧƽһƿƿ
˻ûã˽еƿ
һᣬֻƿࡣƿͨɢֻһƿ
ҩƣ¶ˡعƿ¶ȫߣ˶ʮƽĸ߼ۡ
ۿӯνɿóһҩ
ǡ෴רθ֢ƽȶ΢٣˵ҩǡѩ֥
 

322 ʶ֮

ѩ֥ƺ赭дĳЩ˶ȴͬƽؾסԭЩ͵ֱ壬Ŀ¶⡣һĴͬŵصԲĿҪг˲֪Ȼúܣ˶ĳѩ֥Ҫ׷飬Ѿ϶СɽصϮ߷й뵽ǹȻóĲ̡
νѾڳֻƿҩֻ衣һֻƿ裬׼ʮƽÿμӼ۲򡣡
۸ѿһ̲סʣҩΪ˹ļۡһƽ𣿡
ڵʣνŲæ˵֪ѩ֥亱ĵرһĳѩ֥֮δáο衢ҩãػЧܸǿͻƹذƾˡ㻯ֵֵãͿʶʶˡ
һʱʢѫǼ㸻УǮҲǰġ䳡νһصš
Ƭ̺ͻȻʣػꣿǲ۶ص˶Σ
һЦҽ֮ת֮ܣ裬һһȣת䣬¶ࡢͨɢٵҽΣͨ磬޸κˣν֮
ͷ죬˴Ƭ̲ŴＷ֣ƿʮ򡣡
Թⳡܲĥһ³˵ƿʮ򡣡
ʮ򡣡
ʮ򡣡
ԽԽɷףǸȴûѪ嵽ϡԴӶӳ˻ˣҹʳϴ档˿̾žȴ˸Լҩֱ޲һǸ۵ߡ
ݣһ䵭𣺡ƿһ򡣡
˾ˡ˾޶ĲƸ󽫾ҲòһʱҡеַĿһתͷķ
侲˺һᣬν˹֣ʶ֮ˣɽ
ˣ󲿷ֿͻûعգµ֪߷һ˵˾˾˱ǰۿʱ¡ŷȴվȥɡû߳ȥһֻקס䣬ãȥģ
һͷһ˦֣磬ûǻȥɡȥɡ
㻹ȥѽȥˡ˵˲ȥġٴץסȰ衣
ˡȥҵ¡
ѣ¡عˣһקס£һվץסŮ˵¶㲻ȥˣôͨ㺦ģ㻹ȥʲôأ
ң
мֹŹ֣ȸ˾˻ȥ˵죬ߡ

ⲻ⣬ҸӲקҴҸϻ鸮
ͬһʱ̣ƿ͵˴ڵŸ󡣿ҩ˿νʣҩǺģͷһ£߼һ߷ҲС
ϵдһʣνӹǵƱ΢Цش𣺡Դ
һ̺󣬴Ǹν߷͵Ļȥ˵ҪˡѰ˼ţַȰȻظ¿ҩĿʲô·ȥ󽫾
ѣѹѹͷڵķߺޣǿͷ
뿪߷֮ʣǽ˻ϣɿߵĲ̬ٴһŴ磬ع˹֣֪γƺ
ûشĿһתһŵһЦ빫һ˲šֶͨΣǴ۽硣Ŷ
ˡ»Ϊͳˡɹͳ첢ͬյġ
ȤҵعĨǡ߹£Цʣ빫վΪΣѽ
˫תŹ⣬ƺüĿ顣
΢٣£˱裬μ棬Բƣһ
ӹ豭
裬ɲʣ̹ͳǺιϵ
ҵġ򡣡
㵣ͳƺȢ׵ġ￪Цɡ
ҽ㡣ͱ빫ӣϼҴСãȻ㲻Ȣšˣαóôص¶ϼӣٲãҲС𣿡һЦ
Ȼתתͷ˵µ֪٣
ϼҽΪԴףֵþ׸Ѫأܶ˶֪֪ʲôֵġˣҿϼСҲˡ빫ӣƾʲô˵λǧ𶼶˵ġЦЦʣơ
 

323 ˫

ƺû֮ɵһЦˡϼСûйϸ𡣡
Щ䴫ŶǴģ
ԡ
Ų豭ʣˣ֪빫ӿɷ֪ҡЩҩӺζãҿƾ빫ӵǵòġ
ʵûôı¡ʵ⼸ҩҳ۵ģǿһţ֮ųֺƣڱ˼Ҷϣɱ˽ٲơƺĵػش漴һת
˵Ĵֱʡ˹ϣóٶƽ𣬺ױ˶ϵġǲġͳǴڵһ֡ĽྩҲû˸Ҵɡ̧ۿŮӣĿ⾼
رܵضƬ̣üЦ𣺡⻰˵úáɽһƽǽ߷빫ӣЩ˲ô𣿡
Цһ˵Ҳ޷ֻҪǡҵˡ
ԣӹһ˿⣬ȴȥһЦǸȤˡɱˡ빫Ͼɣ
ӭ֮һù﷼ݣ͸ˡվˡ롱ƣ߷кܶŮõΣʱһ¡
ͬվתƬ̣ϼҴС㣬Ի㿴ҵݡǰ˼Ķ⡣˸ۣȵˡ
ĿȵıӰ΢΢üƺ书ȴŮ˵ѹָС״ֻֿܣһձԼ߳һС磬Яĳ챦֮
פ˼ʱܲվŸ⿴ɢȥȺ²Щҩ׼һʾ˷ܣϮƢԾһתͷ㿴һĵٻӰ
ܲʶѿڶСǡ
ٻӰ΢΢㣬һЦǲϴˣ
˫Ŀ̶ǳϪתȻŽʡһˣһ˫ۣμɷ京ɴ棬˫Ц۾ȴܲһʱʧ˻ꡣÿ֪Ů֮ò
һᣬɵεһЦʧˡҡ
һʱľִȴüдһĨЦ⣺ҪġֻϴˡҲμ𣿡̡ٶ֮޲Ȼɣһ˿һĽ
޲ѣܲٴηһ£ѿʣ֪һҵĹ㣿
ȴֻЦʲŹڴ˴
ǵġ
Ŀлһ˿ʣŽյй͵ţӼȻڴ˴֪ӳһۡ
ŷЩ겻ģһ±ش𣺡Ҽҹ
ѵǡ
ǵġ
ƺȲѣæ˸񣬡Ůݼ̩¡ʲŶð֡
񡣹ҲμİɡΪԳŮأ
£СŮӼֻġ߷ڳʢ֪ʢðǰϸػشţƺϧظ̾Ǵ۽硣֪߷Ӻδ˵ҩʲôϧСŮݱ΢л빫ء
ЩҩȤҴȥ߷ߣʲôֱʾС
һ˿ϲæʣǡ׵𣿡
ûʲô׵ġ
˵ԶһٻӰ͵ؿʲôפĿ¶ȣ룬üһ˹̩¡
ֻһϮƿʩ죬ɨüбһֻҡױĨʢšǡŸɣһ᲻߷ȥѰȴϴ̨ͻȻǸŮӣһܲԣ֮±˹
ܲپȻЦСǡء
ǰĿбӵ°áճŮҲ۽磬Ҳˡû³ۣЩҩĵƲϰɡ
ҳˣûע⵽ŶҪЩҩġ
ðҲȥЦӦһ䣬һתۣƺͻȻǸŮӣ£λǵµ³ɣ
һܲüëһæ˵СǣЦλҵһμ
ʧˣ֡£߰ɡŮһۣ΢˼һ£
ܲ˵á
ۿܲҪȥŮĿ¶⣬תͽе¡
 

324 ˭

΢΢һ٣ܲͷֻ˫ˮĿԼƺƺԹʧһ˲һ˵ЩʲôŮӴϣȴֹͷ˵£Ƕɢˣȥ빫ӻʲôö
λ
¹ʲôֲʶݹأĶˣѵûˣü⣬װһݵģڵʡ
ƺ˱ŭܲͷһ̲סٴοŮӣֿǡһϮ£һϮƣһزȴ㣬һºȴʧұ޽ģ˿˫歲ܲǲͬķ羰Һ̣ҲкȲʣŴһȵ
áףƺ㡢
ŮعˣķǰҡŰȣһ˹ġ
ĿƬ̣ƺЦһ£ʣλӣû㡣֪ںδ
Ŷδɷ羰ܷһ÷ݣ
Ůתܲ˵㿴ء
ʶķǣܲ˳Ŀڣȴ˵£Ը˼ҵģ˵˼񡣡
û뵽άķǣܲסתͷʣСǣʶ
Ȼʶ˽ڡ
תͷЦҼλ߷͡
Ŷ
ܲˣǰգɴ˵²ȥ빫ˣҪ¸λȥɣˡ
˵߾ߣܲٴһԥһ»Ƕ԰Ů˵߷⾭ܲģչϾٴȥ빫ӡԱ㡣ˡ
һǰһıӰŮŭţķһԲʱ˵ʣˣҸ㣬̩кܶ檣ġ
㣡һתͷݺݵһۣһ˲ȴת˼˼ʣ֪̩£
㣬䴫˵ܻ˵һЩ벻żﵽϬúȱ裬Σ
¹ڳķģ΢΢һЦȻʢ飬롣
롣
תߣķǸں档
һߣܲߡһӣͷһŮûʱ˿ͣܲʣСǣûɣֻǸ˵仰
ôʶģ
ʲҿΪ㣬ͽһͷ˵˼仰ǵһμĿⲻƣܲԸ飬æؽ͡
û׷ʣ˵Ůݹزǵġ֪Ҫˡ
էأܲ̲ס˵˲ˡûˡСǣ㲻ɣ
ʲôģҡͷߡ
һס֣ܲЦֻҪ㲻ͺá
仰е㲻Ծһ˦б˵£컯֮á
㵣̧ܲͷһûȿ壬һɣ˲ɫʹ˸ɾƿǣԾǰЦնл°ġҩˣôظ
ݺݵһۣɣôûģ
û߷ҵĵ̡

ܲˣվԲ˵빫ӣҪЩҩĶġ
ѣܲٴθһۣ԰ɣЩҩô棿
ȻһšЦһ䣬ת˵º棬Ǿ͡衣һǣܲߡĿתӣǻһƣ˳һʯ˻԰ȥ
ܲˣ֮һƾ𱸣ֻ˵£ԶЩкô
˵ġҾͦҵġҸ㣬ʲѽѰ˵¸ɡţü΢£ɫȰ˵޸ǳȰ˼ŵͷУŮ鳤ʱˡ
ߣû£ܲӲʱ˼ʣ˴ģ㻹ӷͷò
ûش˵һҪ´á
ɫ棬ܲҲɢʣ£
»ŮԳӧĽ򡣿ӧ԰˰֮գۼó˿Ҫ룬͸Ź졣ʵĬ½ᵳǾᡣ跨ӱһӧӾҲ֪֪ˡ
һᣬܲعӧӪ⣬ĶŪôǮáһȥͰš
ɼװذܲͳ߷Ȼתͷʣ図ǸŮ˿ںδõһҵ
 

325 һ

վ図򴽵˵Ů˻¶
Ȼͷȵ¶
ԡʲ̩ϻĹӹȥˡǰĹһȥϬúȲˡ
Ȳ裿Ҫʲô
֪Ĺ˵ŮֻӰ֪ǹɫҪڨҲġ
㣬ɼȺЦĥһ²ŷԸ図ȥϬÿԼȥ԰ˡ
԰ιѩãһëרĵչӣĿ¶׽߹ȥһӡǰһӲˣһ㶣̧ͷһɵһۣ𱸵ôôֱĶʲô
Ӿŵġëɫʲôÿġ

ְõһţٻӻְߣ£ƻ˵Сǣ⣬㶼ңֻӡ
ңв㣿㲻֪ȥˣ㲻⣬չһӻУ֪ǹȡ֣Ŀһɣֵ
ˣͲӡ㲻˵ұӺö𣿡
ߣ㼵ӣ
һתɼ߷ߵ˵ֿûգӶˣ
һָˣգۣȥһ£ʾֱ˵㣬һҲȡʲôüʵģ϶á
ˣ˳§סǹȥƬ̣ͷ˵ˣõġ
ʲôǶȥˣ⡣رס´Ƭ̣ɲʲŵһĻͷʣ̩ȥˣ
͵ǸŮӣǸæ̧ͷ˵ҿǸŮ̩ߣƺüĿ顣ɣ̩һҪԶ
üΪʲô
ֱ壬˵ŮӲ򵥡ҾϤĸоƬ̣омơ

ҡͷüһ²˵˵һʲôоǡէĲ̬ӰһһЦֿĵĸоǣǣˣǸоģ
һʱûףɻʣģ£ʲô˼
˵ĵһһѧǱضʶġʲſƺ̩̩ҲסˡֻػģһҪ衣
Щؿ˿ĥ˺һʣôô̩
һ㶣Ƭ̲Żعһݺݴһ£ҹΪ㣿ӧѰû׼̩鷳ǵģһ³㣬кκô
ת͵ظʣ̩Ϊ˰ң
ȻˣҪΪأߣʶġ
ŭת˼ЦⲻǣҲԡֻǵ⡣
Ųء̩ڼߣǫͣʵúܡˣǿѵ£ԳǿСΪǵ¾Ӱϧë۸ڶмΪ֮˵ĹˡϹ֮УΨȻǰӲģҡβȻʰء̩СĿȾѧĸ׵ķǡΣͬ·ˣúദкô
û뵽ôشʣôô˽
һۣΪʲôֻ֪λΣֻ֬ŪۣСؼҽһ𳤴ؼҼҽ̼ϣӵѧĶǽ˴ȡᣬ΢Ҿ͸ŽѧһЩ˾˻ұϧ
ǰԼưѧȫˣ̾һ
ѹӵοҶˣ˾˺ˡǽ˻һܸ˵ġ
ץסԼֱۣ
ӵãɶһʱ£ǳסհɡ
һȣǵͷš
ĲֽʣСǣ˵ֽȫǹ㿴ö
ʲôֽ
ɿ֣óֽ𣿡
ȵؽӹһǶչƬ̣ǳԾСǰģ
Ǻǣ̩顣һʱ棬
ֺЦ˵̫ˡҰѾ˾鷿Ǳǡø㿴һ¾֪ʲôˡҲ²һ֣֪Ժδǿѡ
֣ùٴϸһ飬֣˾˵ţ
ݸЦҡͷļأһġø㿴֪
һɲŰͻظص߷Ĺ˲ķǣ֡ѯʣ図˹
 

326 

ѯʣ図Ҵ˵ӣȥȰȰɡĹڵ¥֪Ǹ˹ʲôԻ˸߲ҵ׼ȥκ
㵣ɰߡʱܵƳ߷ֱ¥
¥ķշ֪֬ô𣿡
ؿĹӣ㣬ô֬
ҡҿݣȥκ
շȻ
ķǴߴ٣Ų죬߽ǡˡ֬ε£ʣʦ֣ǲǺԻôŮϵһˣ
ŮСȥҡշô֬
˿ɣշﻹǰ֬
ĦƬ̣ķǵͷǺѡ
ʾշ뿪ɲʣʦ֣Ȳ裬ŵʲôˣ
θɣ
֪ʲô裬תתͷЦų⣺ʦ֣㲻Ůӣضʲô֬áСǣû׼֪ô䣬Ͳ÷ˡ
룬ķǰԼŮӺȲ裬Լһ˵һ顣
⣿
԰˵ְٻ֬ȡٻ֮ƣɫ˪ѩ֮᳾Ĩڼȴ͸Σ˵ûģȥκҡͷһᣬ̾ʦܣŮɫһ÷ݣҡ
ˡ˼һ²˵ʦ֣ġС˵ǸҲ
ܡҿŮ˱׼һһЦȻɣġķֱҡͷ
ѾӰأС˵ǸŮӾͺƿ˾ġģ

ʦ֣ǹθڣĶʱôˣľģ֮ǰľģյİˣ׼۶ܰԵͷת򣿡
һ֮԰ķʵһ㶡
Լ˵ɼʣǲŮû׼ȾһȲ裬֪ؾͱԻˣ
˱ۣķ˦˦ͷ˦˦ͷ˺һ˵òҪû׼㿴Ҷ硣
ԣ΢΢ò˵㼸ʱԼκ
պ󡣡
ص¥ķǶԿ˼ڤٻ֬¥ĺԺվ˺һŷԸ図һ£Ҫǰ
ǡ
ʱ뿪¥ȻӰפء
ͥԺ˳һָֻߵǺҲ֣ΧǸ·ڣƺƳһͼֻΡ
ƿۣüס񣬵ȴƬ̲ż߳
ݼǰ
öм£
иʮɻðǰ̡ķǵ쳣ϸ˵һ飬˵ʦϷ糾ɶҴδǰģǶ˲ˡ˵ľʲô
ٴϸһյ飬Ƭ̲˵֪Ӱʲô𣿡
ɻؿһֿ̥ǵ书𣿡
ԣҲԡӰ̥ǣһ֮ӰһֲҪϰӰһСɣŮͶͻֵߵƺӰǿʩչЧӱ
ǡ
㲻õġķľĴˣԼͻԻ֮û׼ȫľˡԵȥڰɡ
û뵽˵赭д˰βʣǻѰʱҲˡŮŲ⡣ʦָӴһô죿
ǺǡֳôĶ˰ķǵ͸¶ȥΪΣ
״Ц԰㻹ȵԼɡѩ֥ĵøӧɵó϶ˣ˿̱ضıɱ˶ᱦء
򴽣ɻش𣺡лѡ׼ǲ
ٴȷķǻܵõôɻǰµǸˡߣתң˷ܵʣϣǾҪˣ
ѽǺöıļƶҪѧһѧǿ߶ӣΪƾܰսʤѵһ䣬ԸνƲ¶ףǽһ֣ӧоٶǶţɱǳ
ǡ
ĦȭƵˡͬһʱ̣ӧһƿüһƬܾã𻯺ɭȻĻ쵰޿֣
鷿š
ҹӧһϵ룬˭ûǻΪѩ֥ǺķټѪѺֹ򣿿֮ﲻҩȻĲǺ޲ð˴ҡ
 

327 ʱ

ĬܾãӧʣǾáǰѳѩ֥ȫõˣ
ƿţ̾һѧղʵǷֱ治
䣬أ
˼ţһֻֻƿϸҡͷ˵һѩ֥ôֻҩмȻҽĸ֣᲻óѩ֥ļֵҿǱض´󲿷ԼҵġǡŽߵðβ˵ҾãǸν˵Ļ⽲ķġ
Ŀ΢ӧ׷ʣ˵ʲô
衢ãࡢͨɢ¶ʲô˶κãν
Ļشӧ£üЦһ֪ˣǸӱضɸɵĺ¡ߺߣӵΣûҩβãɵըˡ
ΪԻŷ𣿡
ԡֻǲ䷨űɡҿĳӧٳֵǰһ
֪ؽڣ˼Ƭ̣ǹһ˿а񣬡ɣһû鷳͹Ȼơ֣ҵҪʱ㻹ܲЦó
û˵꣬ߵš
΢٣ת˵
߽һϢǽԼĵĻ꣬伥Цһ粻ɡԭиıʿصǳˡϢݸӧطԸþʲôѱá
ǡ
ٴο˿ӧӧþ̫ˡù̫󣬾˵̩ٵҩҪס
⣿
ͻȻЦζػش𣺡̩ضõóȻ̫ص
޲䡣ûнֻͣӧ
꣬ӧ㵵𣿡
ߣȻáһһƫǣڶ࣬ǵܵܣǱˣиõǺǡνĸֻ֮ҪϹ֣һֱ޽⡣ļ˼ңҾԸһɱ
յİŮӽ̩׻ġϧƻ佾ڼ˿һ뵽ԼķͷĶжʱʮֹ
ӧĥһᣬס
ͬһʱ̣ԶྩǵسݣһСϣӦ޳߶Ƚ䱸߽һСľӣƬ̳ʣʶ𣿡
ڵŻ谵ĵƣûˡûѰ˲ںδֻһ־
˺һᣬһɳɳ졣Żһʮµ߳˴˵Ƭֻ̧̣һͼΡ
ǰһʼˣһش𡣵𰸲Ƶ־ͼΡԶļҽǶʹþе־ҹ任ʮʱȷӵλһʱ棬˵װԭӦ־ΪͼԻ˼ʮͼһָӼҽϰЦϰٳҲˣ֮ͳ˺ڲרð⴫ʧɢľɲѰǵµİͼΣٴξ£ڵ¡
ǸͼΣӦ޳򴽲ʣԶ£
ҽ껡˭һ²ʡ
ҽӦ޳ҵӦԪ
էáӦԪ֣صɴۣһͳһץסӦ޳ļ磬ò˵㣬ǣӦͳĶӣӲ֡
޳ԼȡġұӦ顣֮Ϊ˳ȾΪ˼֮òٱѩޣȡˡӦ޳֣Դ廳Լˡ
ô֪İ
Ҵҵġ
㣬磿˭
ЦЦʣ껣Ҳ˵㡣
ҵǺܹܣǫ
һӦ޳߶һһٵ˵СүšҴ硣
𽥷Ŵ˾ϲͻȻЦ㿴㿴šۣСүѽţڵأЦʡֳصʹٺطϲãӦ޳ĬȻû˵
úٴվСүģ
ྩ
պ껸Ӧ޳ྩϻءУΪϤسѰ˼걻ǣŵ淸鿱Ӧ޳ǰ跨ȡӦ޳Ѿ۾ȳǺ󣬵֪ǰ̽࣬ͶԴǼƺǺɲ֮£ȻãҹѰ껡
ʱׯ԰Ǳ飬ԽԽǾ档һרעӣԾǡ
 

328 ٻ

ã̧ͷע⵽Լƺڷǰ˻Ρ
һع̲ס˹ЦʣǲǺ棿
ǰû뵽ⱾһġһƪŶѾôסģ
ʵܼ򵥵ġ㿴ԲȦʾѭֹǡһ飬˵ٶĿܼס˾ŲʮˡҾǵġ
صͷٴοһ飬Σ̲סһСɵıѽôûô
ߣӣһ̫ˡ᲻˵
ҿ佱ء
ûǹ˵Ҳá
У飬§סãҾ֪ڲͬ
һ޶
ĵͷ
ˣһĶ䡣
Цȥ׽֡
ˡ
ץסˡ
ˣ
˺һᣬͻȻԭڸԲݵòˡĿ֣תͷĹˣףȥĶˣ
ʲô
ѽ֣ղŻ⡣ң԰ôһܲˡקĸ첲ߴٵ
ˣ⡣
ȥңҵӣҸóԵġһĲ⣬תת飬ƻ
ֲվȥӡ
˺һᣬڴһԻľקֻӡߣͻȻķǡķͷоٻ֬κ¶ģȻϾʦȥģˡʧٵġá
վסź˼Ƭ̣ӿ˽Ų
Сǡ˵ٻ֬𣿡ӷϣʡ
ٻ֬ȵؿΣΪΣ
ʦֱǸŮסˣ˵Ҫĳʲôٻ֬͸͸ȥۡ
ȵɰ˵꣬ãҡͷ˵Ĵ类ƭˡûаٻ֬ġ

˼һᣬʧЦЩţһ˾ͻͷתСƭֶ̩ĴҲҵǡ̾һ£˵ɫ˪ѩף縡ᣬӴȴᵭ죬֬ȡԭɫƳɣ仨бɫģȡٻ֮ڣ˵ᴿ֮ᴿҲܱɫɣǶͻɫ
ɫ
ϵֽŷϼصֻ˻ҩۣʱѩ׵ġǸɫ㻨ۣټһЩѰҩģͽٻΡ
һٻΣ
ǰһһָ図ҪôضҪҩġɢɢֻҪģܲۼǾжƳ棬δزѰöߡĴȥ˭֪˵Щʲôʲôٻ֬ҿҪһĵϸ
£üһ²ҡͷܰɡʦֵġ
ߵǰ˵ڣʱҪŮ˵ֱǰŮӻǡĴصʣһ֪ǰŮӱطǵУɺϵس߷ڨδزġ
һգԭǲĴġ̩ߺֶԴɫͼҲŲء˼һ£ǿ
ԣ̯̯Цʦһ˲ţû׼ˡ
һۣ˿Ů˿Ƥ࣬ʶ׾ͱɫԻŮ˿Ů˿ǹ࣬Ҳ̬ϸ΢֮ϸ񣬾֪ŮӲĹɣҡܶˡִӹɢ̬˶٣ǲ˵ڣǼȻʵĳϯݣ֪ˡǰķϵζĴ磬ܡ
һ˵ɾֵؿ
ԼĿתǲɵһ죬㿴ʲô
عЦŰﱧ´Ƭ̲ʣСǣ㼸ʱôˣ
ǵͲŵ̾ϢһڹסˣЩǵ涷ޣٳֶΣȻͿ˭棬˭Ǽ١
ɾʣȻʶԻʺΣ̫أ
ʺׯ磬Ȼ£ԭµġ̫ӲͻȻ뵽ʲô̧ͷʣڣȻǷ̫ӣ˭
΢
Ƭ̣˵ʵ۰ֵǶˣֻʣ̩ѾǻʵۣȻݲ£Ϊβ͸һƣȴˣװذֵܵģЩ֡У̩ңɥ֮ʱǰ㲻ֹ͸𣿡
 

329 ֬

ɻûش図Ҵҵؽرˣеӣˡ
һ˸æֿɳʣʲôˣ
ϴϹҵķӸĹӣѷȥձ㵷ĳʲôٻ֬˳շԡշ˵ȷʵʮֶءôɻ᲻ŮȦף
󾪣û뵽ķô͵ĳˡٻ֬æʣǶжշͿû£
Ȼ図ֻûش𣺡Ҳ֪ôġǡǰǸ˸û׼ѽҩӽȥˡ
֪𣿡
Ҹʱ˳ǣ˵ŮӸȡʱδʱǰɡ
̧ͷɳ©ʱ̶ˡɺݺݶţ図±ǣߣץסĸ첲ȵȡ
ţ
ЦЦȰﵽԶԵƬ̡ܿ죬図һʱʣµۣѰЩҩġ
ĥɷۣ졣
Ŷ
֪Ҫʲô˱˴˿ǵҩ̺ǰзĩϺãЩˮͣȻǳ̣ڻϺ濾һĹ򣬾ͼѩ׵ϸĩ㸡
ȵؿ·ĩװһֻ֬ɾʣʲô
֬øĴ磬˵úáô˵
ֻ֬ӣУ
Ȼˡ˿ŮȰסġŮĴ磬ˡ
Ͼ룬ɽӹˡ
Ŀȥ図̲סʣϹ㵷ĵ֬һĹ͹ȥŮܲ࿴
һЦ㿴ŰɡŮڼɫŪɧԸΪò
ɺ図˵ƶķѾŮסһһɫ壬˱ãҪѳġǵƾƾ֣һʼͲᱻԻˡˣɵǿȰֻ𵽷ЧۼķǾҪȦףɴ֬͸ֻ֬ҪŮض޽ӣԴ˶ķʹ׳н
ɸϵʱķվһֻһڴصȡǻ겻ģɰҡͷһμӣ֮Ů˰ٱľ衣
˶߹ȥЦʦ֡
ķǺȤذڰ֣ʲôҡ
ʦ֣㡣İٻ֬ϱߵĹУϡ٣õŮӲࡣǡת˸˵ǣӰҵġ֮ǰϱ˼Сһˡ
شϸķ档öɫѩᱡƳ
ǰǸǼٵģҴȥиɡ
֪ô𣿡
ʦ֣֬ΪֺˣΪӵ֬ҵ͸ˡʣ˵˵ⷻ򵽵ġ
룬ðɡ
ȥˣɰ֡˼䣬ķǺС
ʱڽԸӼ䣬һŮеİǰȥ
ǲ¶ˡķǺȤֻһʱĲŸȥϬúȲ衣һ̸ķ̸²ףʶ㣬Ī߷챦²֮࣬ʩչջںˡٻ֬ڲۼķ˵صĳ֬͸ԼԵá
ʱǼ档
ķЦذǺ֬ݹȥ㿴òã
һ侪治ѡǺߵģġٻ֬е֬ȴᱡ糾˪ѩ΢оޣһЦģ
ǲ˵֣ٸ㡣
ߣǾͲˣֻˣҾ֪ڲƭ˼ҡ
Сŭķסһ˲æͣԴϱߣҷ˺ôŵõġԡ
Щķǵ뻹СĵһĨֱϡѩοƬ̺תΪĺ죬š˫˪ѩ֣ķ̲ס佱ÿ
ֱƬ̣о֬ĵм⣬ת˵ðɣ˵㻰ȥ߿ɡ
á롣
ĩʱڣʢ˿̴ˮϣͷΪ⡣ڴͷķת˿ĵĲӰ˵ҿɡ
ǺǣѽôľΪ˿ҵò
ֻһ÷ݣ޴⡣һϿҵػش
Ƭ̣ժɴһЦ𣿡
 

330 

ķٴη
ǰüĿ续ɾµٲʵԭ򣬶صʡۺֽȻͬķϣƺ潿ƺұģŵͶׯֽȻ෴ζͬһŮ˵ںţȻ
ķɾ֡ܶˣɴδһĶء֮ǣһһЦһһͶ㣬޲ǡ˵Ǻ쳾еľɫ正ȴ˼ޡǹǵΣյζ
˺һᣬʮȻظ
һû뵽Լû㿪ĸʱŭĿ֣׼ҡ
̯̯֣΢Цһ²˵Ҳ֮⣬ֻľܺÿ
仰䲻ɵÿһۣգգЦʣңӺδõ֬ģ
͵ġ⼸Ĵٻ֬͸һС˵ϱߵĹңʮϡ١ƭˣķɵĻתһ
ĸң
Ҳ֪ˡ
ߣһۣתʣǸʲôˣ
Ůӡ
װ˵תȥ
ֻŮӲ֬ġϱ˳˼С֪ǲЧһ˼ķǾ˿ûлڷԼһһʮذĻ˵˳
ţת˼ͷã
㵣ǵġֻǸСá
ļҵĹѽգգװһģ
ǹС㡣մ˵ǳŵġ룬óһ澵ӣҴһ澵͸㡣ӱԴ󣬱湴ɽľʯ⻬֮񣬵˺֡
Щؿӣ⾵ƺڴûеġ
԰ⲻѰͭ죬ĹգĥʯɾҪʮղɵġ㿴ӰʮɣֻӣЦƾһգ
ú棬ͷ
ԾӸȤķٴǺ֬֬ͿϿɺã
ٴοֱȻģ֬ӣһȵĨϡؿ˶Ծױķٴη˴
һ̺Ϻ֬ȻΣɫùϸƬ̣ݸлĹӡ
ϲͺáˣ֪﷼
˼һ£΢Цش𣺡ء
أϺټѽ
ټ֡ټûаɣ
ǵǡ
ת˼ⶫʣķǵķǵҲ̹ʱش
Ц䣬ͣˡ
ĽɿúܺáָƬʢķЦʣ˵ý֬᲻ܺÿ
ֳ´һĻ꣬ŻЦҾĹӺа취һ£
ķǻشͻȻмΪСӷɹַ˷Լһ̣͵ؾмʹʱķ͵ƺĿɿڴ
ϲԾæץסһԵľһգһһ֪ʱһɼѪߴǧĵϸֳգ۵Ĺͱ鲼˴ա
ĻҾһ˲ķػ˻꣬ЩæҵطסеôˣĶۣ
ϾѰŮӣ˲ͻȻǺСٻ֬ʶһͷֱҲѪߡ
Ұңһ˲͵Ǻ֬ϡδԹ˵ĴɲǼӿ׹һʲô룬ʹ˸ɾ˦ķǵ֣ץֻͷȥĻ쵰
û뵽὿ĵһɷޣķǲɵôסҴͷխֻܲʼ̧Ӳ
飡
ӱ޴ҵ÷飬ƬɽķǵұѪעһлʵ˿û֣һһͶлУ䡣
ع
ȥ
߸УѪŽǰѶķǵߣûû뵽Ȼˣ㵵صǰŮӡ˿̣۾˵ĺ⣬һĨֵϺʣпᡣ
죬˵ʲôˡһֻػءʹ֮£ۡһѪʧص󷭵ͷԽ˺ɻ䣬ƬѪѪ
һ˲䣬ĴѾ߶סݺݵƬѪˮٴɴ³һ쬵֡
ߡ
ǡλӣ
Ǵһۣ𣿡
ŵûɢٶԣæȥҶΣѪˮɢķû
 

331 

ֻһˮͣڰߣʾѾƺԼֱСפءǾҽöҲǸ˵ⶾѰõġ
뿪̺Ƭɻٴҡ˰һֻ̽ˮ棬ץסһˣȻץסڶãҶðһ԰ֽϢ٣ķǡ
֪ĵǳҪߡˮһ˸£ػѻ긴һлĿ֦Ҷǿеסˡˮһ˲ķǱʹ̼÷һ䣬̶ͷһ壬ֵоɲǼɢȥԻͻȻȥһʱ벻ʲô£ֻǱܵץסܼѵĻˣǿֹסѪǿѹƹֱˣŷ̽ͷ
ҺҰεѵشϢšΪʧѪֻ࣬ͷһΣǰ𽥷ڡǿͳһֻƿһҩٴϢƬ̣һֻڣǿ졣
ƺƣٴһѪץסЩҶɻڻϣͷ¶ˮ棬ۣƺʧȥ֪һ̣һӰںϡֻצӽ̤ˮˮϱܡʱವںҶϣţķǸ
󡣡
żؽ˺һᣬķǺ޷Ӧ󼱣һ£źҶɻȫٱȥһĺӰȡ
ĺˡ߸˵һ
иһƬ㣬Ц㳢㣬϶ûԹ
ͷԳԵ
ó𣿡
óԡûд̵㣬̫óˡʵܺóԣϧд̡̾һ䡣
ϲסһ壬ʢ޹㣬ζûд̡һЩྩţܾˡ
ΪԼ˼ϲüҡճ˼Ƭ㣬Ӱһһɴ˸Ŷһ糣ôˣ
󡣡ҴҵؽţϴһӾͰϵĵӲȵ˵ϡ
ॼˤһء״ɾָˡ
ȴüסɵ˵ƺԾ糣ǲ£
͵صͷ
һ£ȴԼʲôһתͻȻķǣǲĴģ
һϸߣͷеøˡ
üڣĴʲô¡ȥɡ
ʦֲȥκ𣿡δ䣬һݣһڵվʣ糣ʦǲǳˣ
ٴεͷҴҵ̧צһָ
Ǹʶ˸Լˣ˿ûûڣֻôҴҶ˸ֱ
ʱ˾һϢķǡǰ弫ĵɵȭͷա˲ŮһֻƿƿҩȫһķǵĿСһϢʧˡţɱķǣʩչ£ׯ԰񱼡図ٶȸԮ
ʱڴǰ
һᣬüòʣ㵽׳ʲô
ûгԣңҾĨĻ쵰öҩŪҡǣϽ뷨ӡžݺϵĺۣˣҲ޷ַȣ״ε
εذοùֻ֬ӡţһڻգĿ¶ȣⲻǶҩ
ҵô
һᣬֻ˵һʱ䲻֪
أˡĻ쵰쵰ұúõģҪƻ֬ҵô˻ߵؿ֪Ǻãǿ˼˺һóһҩĨֱϡ
һ̺󣬺һЩֹһ̣زҽֱϻջǵۣٴθֳ͵һȦӵֱ
ʹ
û뵽˷Чһҩֻðοһ̡漴˸ϻسԼŽ֬о˼֮
ζû뵽Ϊ˰ķǴԻ߲ķɾģЩԵ㻨ۣᴿ֮Ƴˡٻ֬Щʳҩģʶ޶˰ȻˣΪܲҩᴿǿķɢ֮ԣڵĺٶ»ᾡͷءոǿûġ棬ڱЩԣͬƤѾɫӲ˳ҹ档
״ҪҽΣֻҪٶɢͻḴԭͿҩֻش̼Խҡ
 

332 ﵹæ

ӧҴҴҽʱ図һзɱ˷ׯ԰ķǵ촽ѾңϢˡ
ǰѼûĵ֡ʣѾߵǰĿڣȥš
˴˿図ס˳ȥֻɡ
ʦͬţѧͬɿԻý롣ε֮ЧӲ˿ˡ˵䣬˿£Ȼסб·һ紦
һʱȥʱȥڵɡѾ졣˹ǽ룬Ҫġţֱⶼһҹߡ
îʱĿ̣ջ֡Ѫֹסˣķٴ΢ĺѶϵƬϸĿ¶졣һԣɺ;ǱڵϣϾٹ˼ȡ
ķǿˣ۵վ˯ҹĹ˲ˣһʱ죬Žˡϲ߹˿ɫʣЩǰ˵ĹҪϢΪá
оһԼûˡʦ𣿡
ҡͷ
Ц˦˦ͷǴˡΪʦ͸֬ʲôµġŮ
סְοҲãĴΡһӻõģ㲻Ҫ̫ġǸŮҲ޷һȻ˵ɡ
š
á԰࣬Ⱥȵ㡣
ĹģɲɵЦЦӹס
˺գׯ԰տɣվķʦֵҩšգķˡѶˣ޲ϲסܾãĿƵ϶ΣͻȻе˵ҪңЩɱ𣿡
ڽԴ㵡
ɻؿֻʣʦ֣к㣿ΪʲôϮ㣬ôܣ
㻹˵ڵ˿ڣķǲҽһٴε£ϢƬŴ㣡ҵʲôͻȻ˳˹֣һ֮õɱҡôֱ֪ᷢʣĴ𣿽ڣҾңЩң
ĵһᣬɡǡ図ˡʮûнͣƾԼйߡ
йãķˣٴλ˯ȥ󣬾ҡͷ˵̫Сˡ֪ǸŮǻˣķǸһ𣿡
ҡһӣǲǰ˵ȥ𣿡
˳ȻҪȰԤû֬ǸŮж

һɣǿڽͣǰ֬ġʱ˵Ĵ类ŮԻš׳нǸ֬ΪŮûȥĨϾͻĴӴ˲û뵽ôֲ
ϹΪôµģ˴ܷŹķǣһ˵ˡûġ
ٴȻ
ʱȴʲôϹŮӵ֬ģ
ǰǰЦˡ
֣˼Ƭ̲˵ķ˵ͻȻ˳˹֣㶮ö
ݸСѧ档Ǻ֬þ߲ķ޸ᴿģֻǽѵһŮ䷽һ
꣬Ŀ¶ȡΪҾδӺδѧģ
ԣŹֽҴҳȥֻֽ˵ǰһۡ治֪ʲôֱ֣ǹ
˿ֽĲʣٿЩͿѻ֣ã̾һֽӺζã
ʹеĵ󡣡
ϸֽ̾û뵽˵ġ
˵
ûͣٴϸһֽŵݸ򣬡Ҳ²㿴ö㿴һȻ˵ֽϵݴ˿̶ãպбҪ˵ϹǸӣȥһζҶǮǮӣǮѩݣЧӱɫζʱ޼Ѱ
֪ڽԼǸæллǰָ㡣
΢΢һЦٴοƬ̣δٶԡ
裬ó˿ûиԤЩ¼ԤҲҪʵʱѡʱãֻʵ䷴Σ϶һƬػ֮⣬ʱϣͰ˵æķǲûźôЩ
պķǻ˹ȥǰ԰Σ̶ٴΰʹһ٣ȵԭǡ
 

333 ľ

պķǵȶɷǣоտԼǻ˳֪ɽ˳ǣӧһʣǸĵ𣿡
òµȲ²²⣬Ѿڽл˺٣Ʋᷢʬ塣
أ
˷ģѾˡ
ܺáߣȥ߷һĵĵʲô
ӧڵس֮ʣһ¥һĸꡣ
ͻȻðѪʮ࣬ǻӣӧҽȴ޹ҡΣ˼ܾãȰ۲һ¿Ƿܻת
ѣֻڸСû뵽ȥһ˾ͱӧð̡ٵ֪ʶķǵǰûʲôȴ߷Ӳ˳ˡ
ʱɸ뿪ºߡ˲ԶͼӧӭԼĿ䣬ü΢£˹֣ͳ죬ˡ
ɣ˵߷иģ𣿡
Ȼתһ룬Цһ£ȴ߷кܶȨ֮ңϾӭӡͳȤƲһƹ񡣡
Ƭ̣ǣá
롣
ǰȥƬ̣ӧں档
߷ƹӧ⣬óһ˲˵ͳԿһһĿ˴඼ϣвûظ

ǵġŵϲµĻûظֻҩĲС
£üӧù˲ϸϸվһԣһġ
ãӧĿͣһġϡֻһ䱦
һ˲˲дǣǰɡֻһǺӵܣûʲôӡ󡣡شţת˿ӧüһЦͳΪζλĵĿ˸Ȥ
θɣһٴƹƬ̣һʱûҳʲôֻȻȥ
ĿıӰĿ¶ЦµˣķǵİŮӧĹϵǱѰͬʱض֬Ļˣӧĸ߰ĮΪѰķ𽵹أ޷Ϊйߡ
ĥţɵλ
򣿺Ǻǡʦ˵ǸŮ֮òû׼ӧãţһ뵽ӧŮ˱˳˹ֲ֣֧ķЩҧгݡ˼˺һᣬס˼ٴζƹȥˡ
뾩ҵɷùеĿԣ߷ΰţ˵ǣӦ̲顣ʵϣ˲Ϸɢ¼źܶ˵ΪһӦ̲ʱóġ
ӧ߷鷳ѾϬá¥Ÿڵ
죬عͷ΢΢һЦ̣ʧˡǰҼ±㵢ˡ˴СƣڸΪȥĶĿ
£ȻԺͣҲ޷ת㣬ڸﰲһԴĸµʱӦԲ
á
ӣżɽʣ֪дСʲôѱү
üңݸǸܣ˲֪á̻ˣү½壬ʵϣºˡСĹϵԽүԽǼɻ䡣ԣֻҪ㹻үӦԴСκ顣
գգۣĲʣ½ңǲ𣿡
̣ûѪԵģϵҲ΢úܡȢޣЩΪģЩΪ棬ЩֻΪ˴ڽӴһ檳ȺŮǻмأʵĻ߼⣬ֻרһרһרһģϼ˵˻Ҳֻƭ
һᣬ㵹Ǹˡáȥɡ˾˵
ȵˡߺ˸ŸһѾվǰ̣λҪԸСˣ԰ꡣ
ǡ
Ѿ¥վڴǰƬ̺һŮ߽
㣬ѾϸΪʲôҪȥۏˮЩ˼Ҷ޷ˡͺúõعӣ𣿡Сáټٺ󣬱Ϊ㴫Ϣ
ãϵĲƷһŻش𣺡ȥĴС㵥棬ȱۣˡӵ¶»¼򣬾ͰѶ̾Ӫ˰뱲ӵľ䡭
²豭һ̾࣬Щ̶̤룬һ̤ûͷСظÿ¶ľʳѰ˵˼ֶΣ¡δס
ԣ˵һҪȷˡ
 

334 ֪

зأ鸮޵֪Ĺ˼һ¾ʣЩӶ̳𣿡
ǰƷÿҵȥһˣûгšֻоšЩүֻȥ㵤¥Σ˰˵׮ºүԾ˲ɣҪʧˡ
ҪϹ˵үôģǹܲסùܡסȻ⴦ãǱɰ֪ᡣҪҪԼı֡
ؿ֣ɣѽ
ЩζЦЦλ˵úܡΪã˼ҵİѱ
ǡ
Ѿ߷Ϸȥ֪һռļ£޵žγ졣˼ܾãһ⣬Ըĸ͸붨
һʱͽ˺
ţĥһųȥ붨
壬ͣ
ҡͷ
ֻȥƷã
ǵġǰҵ治󣬵ǸӣȽ֡ƹͳֻˣүڵҴү
ش꣬붨һ˵һ߷ᣬСҲȥˣүӡԼʱǼҴҵؽ˸Ƽ㡣
ŷ붨ϸ£û˵
ּҵ޵ܼңѵõطƽ˾ƽĵֹٵİۺһ𣬱͸ĪĹ졣
ǲٸƿӴѧ᱾ˡŮİǡ統꣬½˴ȣϹ¸ӭȢɷ˵Ŀɲж£ԽҰ
˼ãŷԸ̣ظȡǮĵһʲô˰ݼѰҵһʡŶĽк͡
ǡ
壬鵽ЩüĿ
һ£붨Żش𣺡˳ޣΪүһУ˰˸ѾߣӣҽĴȣ֮Ѿ̵˶ˣҲ˸ֻйųӣԺүչС㡣ĶǺϵġ
үڶ꣬ĵѾһ˷ˣһʧײɽ˲ΡԺͻȻְ֪ȥûãү˳ܣûȥϷ֮󣬶̷˹ܼȨ֮ӳ˴˳ȥûãһһչŵİྩ˹ʱ̺ѾΪ̲ȫѳᡣֻһּҵģһմޡ̹ܼҲãӳ˸ݼһС¡
һã붨ֺֽ͹ӲྩѰմ޵ġݼЧ֡
΢üֻʣѳ˭Ըģ
ү
ĬƬ̣Ŀ¶á壬ȥ˶Я˶˭ںδȥ
ס
붨ˡǴߣű䡣ڹĸɫѩ
½˵Ϲ±ض֪飬ͬıȻΪ÷̷˵Ѿѳ᣿ΪͶŵԱȫˣǱض֪Щʲô
һҹعȥս磬鸮
С㣬ҵ˵иŮݼ̡ʱ鲻ãûһԷ̡
ʲô·
֪˵ŮӿЩ죬ƺǸľˡ˵̵ҺųȥѾߣ˭֪ΪӶڴ̶Ĵ£˵ġ
Ѿȥм¼İɣںδ
Ѿǵļ¼Ժ·šǰּҵĹšˣյң²Ĺ½δҹģճ㹧˳ĥţ£᲻æأ
֣ȲҪ֪˶ӣ֪ԽԽǻ¡ạ̇̄߷跨ŪһŸĵͼ
ͼȻ뵽ʲô
ʣݸ鸮̶ѨӰ׵ġ
Ƭ̣תȥˡ
ʱĵĻٴͽ˴ͳ츮ӧڹУһ»䡣԰ɴ˼˺һͻȻʣϴξǵ߲ʲô״
ؿ˳ȥƬ̺
ȵ߲ϸһ飬˺ܶ⡣֪Ϊʲô׷ףڱףӥ⣬жþȣٵ½Ҷж֮һһʮһ顣
 

335 ˾

꣬˺ܾ˲鵽ЩҩۣȻȥ봾ǡ
ǣ㿴Щҩж𣿡
һϸҡͷûСһҲжġ
ڣȥͳ죬Ҫҽκ߲ķӡ
ǡ
ʱӧˡ߲ҽ̫ҽԺд浵ġӧȨƣõһҽѡղǰЩóҩʣ䣬ҪҩΪΣ
ӹݸǣǣ㿴
ؽӹҩϸΣǵͷ˵Ӻܼ򵥣ֻǶ֢ѡҲ²߲аⷢɢӾҪаţټһЩԪҩúɢ̫˼δ䣬ڵվץϸٿҩѵѵɢа⡭
ΣͻȻʣ㣬Ҳһҵҩ
á
һĻӧ벻ͨæʣ䣬ôͻȻ뵽߲
ߡ㡣һۣˡ
ε̯̯֣ӧ˹ȥôʣ䶼ذϳӡ֪׷ʲôƢӧѯʡ
Ҳ֪ʱ鸮ǱڻʵߣŲõ˷ˡꡭˡ
Ȱ˵ˣ¾÷˲뵽ʲô£֤ѡ
֤ӧ˽˵þ٣ǻظ֮Ǽҵеù¡
˴˿ӧͷԸڣȥ졣졣
ǡ
ագʹһھǰϸãǵͷǸá㣬ЩѪɢȥ˰˳ɡҿٹգܸԭˡõġ
žӵ˺ܾòŴＷ֣ˣһҡ
㵣Ǿʣ˭㣿
ߣǡĺ˾ĻֶβСѧþ书ҪˣҺðиս˾ˣȴûѧ½ҵĵմ

һẦ˾վ˵ǣ⼸鷳ˡߣǵ԰ȥ֪ʦֻû
ԣһЦ㣬ʦΪ⼸ķòС㲻õġ֪ʦĶ㣬ϲ㣬Ϊ
һۣС˵ûҪ⣬˭֪᲻ᱳ黨ǲݣ
ǶʱЦû֦ҡѽÿʦ֡İɡ˼ɫղŸı޲ڣҳ߹ʦǸˡΪϹִţ
ߣˡ㻹˵
԰ӧһЦԡֻʣʦãЦʲô䣬Щ𣿡
ߣҲô죿
Ȼ
תڣ鵽𣿡
⡣ЩԽġһվȥʣֵúܣһ˵˸ף㽲һʱ
ӹдֽϸһŵݸӧ㿴
ɻؽӹһ飬һʱû㶮ʲô˼ֻʵʵ˵ЩͲġʲôΣ
ǡ

㣬ʦֺθɣ㲻ҪˡС˺㣬ԩͷծȥ״ǻǿԲ
˵úáӧ㿴ܸ;֮ǰ佻Ѭ·Ǹ̵Ѿ˶Ѭ¸С㡣ţ;ϱҧˡ
ɨһˣָŵڶ˵Ȥǣͬһգ׸ץҹ뵤¶µһѾ̹ᡣܲȻСɽҧͷ
У븮һϸͻȻֳӡ֮ǰǴ½Ҷ̩ǣվȥ½ǡͬСʵǸʱ֪½Ҷжˡ
ÿ˶û˳
ûͣ٣ָһ˵ʮ壬СɽصϮ֮ǰΪİ磬ܵ˻ظסաһǶˡСɽصﶾܲôܿô඾Ǳ˳أ
˶һ㶡㷴ãҲʵ뵽˼ţӧͻȻ˵ȷʵˡʱҳ׷ϣ֮ơǸʱͻȻðܶ඾档ѵǡ
ûش˵ٿϸһİѶѪͿϣˤض˶Ѫȴ֪ӵ˺δɵʱҶҪҪģҶӰɱˡǰ㵤¥ף׷˵¾ʹ˱áΪأ
û˽ǻȴ˼
 

336 ҹ

Цһ£ҹʱ߲ӧǰȥ̩߳ȥˣҲȥһүһǧС㣬ƾʲô˼յأǿ߲֪ǲǴȾġ
һգҸ̩ķǾ˹ҿó̩ʶ̩ǳ⣬ȴ˵һӲٴɫķֻżάΪΣ
ԼƲ˵꣬ز䣺һҳǣɴҲڷϸһյĹ⾰Ҳ²ķǸϤʶάķ˵Ϊ֬˺ܶˣֻ֬ŮĵáգҶ϶֬Ǹģҡ
ԡ˶٣ǿǻ棬ö
һڽ̧ͷһʱĬ
ڣĴǳʬҪʬҪڷ֮ء
ǡ
˳ţӧʣ䣬ö˶˵ʬʲô˵ôصˣ˵ġ
ζЦЦЩϸ룬ķʵǸѰˡһ͸һ澵ӣǾҴδϬã˵Щ£Ҿʶ㣬̸²סʦ̵ضԺաھȴܹ֡Ҳ²⣬߷ıķǡڰֺֻǸдʡ̲ʬ壬˵ûǾ֤Ȼ汣ǹؼΪˣ
˵һ㶣ӧ˼Ƭ͵һĶͷͣҼǵƷñ֮¡ؽ𲹻
Ƭ̣ǵġ˵˲ʮ꣬ţ£Ҳ֪վ˸׸Ѫ£״¡ɱ˽ٲƣֳƷǲ鵽֮ǰ¡ȥ˴󽫾²²⣬¡˵˴󽫾ͷ٣ȴ˷㡣
ǾˡɹϵУһ֣һƷشңеʶķάмӡ
ͨǰؽڣ䲻ôķǵˣƬ̣ٴľӣ¾мϧ˼ٴĺ˾Ҫƻķǻͺܶöҡʱôޣͣؿҳ
Ȼӧɵÿ䡣ȴûԹԵϧţÿϧ澵ĺر𡣡
û뵽ô˵ǰһʦЩ뿪ЦȰ߷᲻źˡ
Ŷ԰ȷʵܺġһ£ֶݺݵ˵˾Ϊܱӧպ̫ٵǵļƻҪһġ
Щƣӧʦһۣش𣺡á
һʱ鶨طϢˣǲЦʦֱաֻǾķǺ档һɱͲˡ
һ£лʦá˾ϡ˵꣬Ըŵƽ빫ʱ̫밲
ǡ
Ӧȥ
ӧһϵУ۳ıԣĻˣΪʮռ䣬Ļҽаķǽʶǰ󣬹ᴩ˿ķǵݲ˸˾Ųʮǻظ֡ķԲٵһЩʱգ۲ȥ߷ʵδزصסˡȻ߲ĹϣƿԲưոݡ
ĥһѾ˳ǣҹɫºֱߡҶæµʱǰһŵͼ˷Ӱ
ͼϸһ飬ӰЦġǸûʲô֣ȥȥͻ
õЩֻ¸˶ҡҾĻڸһҪԶ㵤¥
á
ܿ죬Ӱӽȥʧҹɫ
ʱ̣鸮ͰˡһӰ԰һ·˳ҵ·롣ںںڣһƬš
̺󣬺ӰӴǱʧҹɫ
ȥãӰ˳
Ƶơ
һϢ󣬵ƻȼ
Ŷ룬ǽݡܣһѾߴŮߵŰǰϸƬ̾˵ι뿴߶ˡ͡
Ϊ׵ʮ£һĴüĿǼεԺܹܺδǸӣЦһ
úáһ̣ƻϲġ
΢΢һЦл¡
벻ɣߵĲǼٵġЦ˺һᣬԸʲôʩʩȻϷ빦ȥˡ
ʱˣĵƻš
ߵδŵ߽񣬵˵̣˵׼ˡ
 

337 

ڵʣ͵Ѿߵ᣿
ԡ
ΣֻĪشϢ˼²Ŷ˶ʣôú޶ѵǷӰɵģ
̣ūעţѾ͹šǰգ˸ֻ˵ȡǮظǰһգ붨ȥ˺ūƲ⣬ȥϢġ
û˵ٳ˼ܾãݺҧǸ˲šѣһ벻һ硣ˣǲˡ
Ŀ¶׹⣬δ˵̣ν֪֪ˣū澾Ǻ¡֪˴СĵƣӦʹݺܶˡֻҪһ㣬ǸŮîϣүٳɫҲûˡүܻүֻһӡ
˺һᣬٻعζͷԡʱүͲ᲻ˡ
Ӣ
ĺܺãӸ³֮ǧƽĲ١
ǡ
úð¡ͷӲȱǼҺú÷⡣
һЦæл
δȥˣ϶𣬳
ҹһĻٰŵġ˾ٱ˱ºδŮԪ¡õҪŹģһӵǰ̣һԪСɻоڹ·Щ۵˿ߣռ飬ҹ䶢ҡ֮£ҹо춯δͬȥ鿴Ȼ
ԭŽɣС֪ʱ
˼ܾã򴽣ЦС˳ˡҲãү֪㶼ʲô£Ǻǣôأ
ЦţóһӣƬ̱㽫ڵϣ𽥾𣬱ڣٶһԵֱΪҽȻѲˮ˽ȥֽұˮһ壬գۼɢɺڻҡϨƣˡ
ٱǸаġͼذֻһ·ߵˡһ̣ͻȻϹ¶Լ̬ȣʧȥܼȨķգȫ˼סǡ֪һ־ܰܡˣǷǡ
ʱӰѾص
ϸһ飬ǵĿڼϡ¼һֽݸӰãһ˰Ѳͻȥ⼸˵ȥҲһ顣
š
Ӱٴˣ˼Ƭ̲˯¡Դϣо˺ܶࡣͷˣҹܰ
գױ׼ȥ߷ؾѾղȥˡȥ߷֮ЩǣʣС㣬빫Ӽʱȥף
Ҫһӡꡣ
ôã
ݸο˵̷ġ
̾һ£ҡͷȰС㣬ǷҲ޷¡㱻үţƺ̺;ִˡﵱңôó裬˵ķޡȥ᲻᲻أ
ʲôݼҵĻ쵰ѾˣвҡˣЪŰɡˣʾĸû
˸߲ҵشˣվԭطͷǻ֮ȥǰֹ̽סĿֻţϹĲ롭һأ˿̵ºϾǴǰˡ
ŵʱǽ߷Цذӧǰʦ˵ˣϧ̫ˡǸŮӧãһըˡϧСǣЩԶָ˵ҩöá˳˳˹֣ӧɾʧˡ
ЦǰϣЩЦһ¾˵ֵġûǰĸֻܽѵһ£ԳԿͷ
ܺˡǴܸɡ
ǵȻġϣָŪһʣһĺܳͷӧ᲻ʲô˼
סļ磬Ц𣺡ҪġôҪ̼ӧעȥ¡
ת˼ܲûʡ
߷ĥƽ˹ǰ̫󹬵ıؾ֮·ϣӧվһ¡
ƽ˶ٽŲ£
ЦЦ˵̫ٵ֪̩Ҫٵҩ
̩
ԡֻҪ佱̩Т˳¾ˡ
ؿһᣬƽͷ
ɢʱ֣̫̫ܲȥš֮࣬ܲȻȥ
̫ϲЦտʣܲƽ˵Ҫ͸ٵҩТĿɼΣҪʲôʹͣȸ׼׼
֣ܲмǣ˳ְ̯̯̫̾󣬶ƽùõĶôô⣿׼һϲġҡͷԵرԹ˶ƽһ䣬һתЦʹͲʹ͵νˣֻҪˡ
 

338 ̫

ѽһ綮¡ǰ㸸㣬Ϊ𡣡佱ţ̫Ըţ˵Тģ֪㼴æڳҲܲغլᶮ£Ҫ
ܲæЦ̫˭ͷҲ֪Ҹ檲٣ܲǶǹԹģ̫ˡ
㿴⺢ӣǺ˵бԹǾǳɻ鼸ˣӶûУЩż
ܲȻ
ˣҲ㡣Է
ǡ
ѹľţܲ˳Ҵһ˸Ȼ󴩹ֱשСԺʱ翿¥ķϸ·ĽС
֡
ǰֵġ֯ء
ͷͻȻƼ·߹Źˣ˼һ²ɻʣƺܾòˡֵʱ򾭳ྩѲӵġ
΢ЦЦҡͷʵ˼һ¡ʱգղܳ
֪£ǾΪΣ
˹ܾɲˣʣСǣΪι˵¹⣬ǲģ
һۣǰ㼵ʣ
ԡߣܾ㲻⣬Ҳ⡣ƺػش
תһЦŰĹĵġҸûʲôչңæҺܸмǸӣΪ˹ȴظ塣ʦة࣬ǿܳΪѣ㲻绢𣿡
绢
š
͵Цɵˣã绢˵úá
û뵽ЦǺЦѣתά˵ǣͻֻǳ򡣡
§סɸֲ֧ˣ図Ŷ룬ӣ̩Ҫ㡣
һһ˵Сǣ図䡣Щ㡣
֪飬Ƕµصͷ
ɺܿص߷שСԺܲվų
£
عͷһ̾ɣ˵ˡҸŮǲʡġ䡭̫ټ˵꣬˵Ļ͸ֵֺĸоʲô𣬸ҡҡͷ˦˼ܲʣ˵ǺãٵҩȥѰ
Щ⣬ʵƽʱ˹
ŷ˵ʱǰ󿴵ùý˹
мֲԾĥƬ̲˵Ȼ̫ҪٵҩԡһյһҪҽ飬ȷ޶ֻҪһƣ˵ˡ
һܲ£üѰ˼ΣͷȻóֽӧӾƽ档У˵Щ˶ˣûʲô˳ưԭĹԱ˼徻١
ǾͺáЩˣĲ»ɺܶࡣǣ˰ˡ
ʯϸӧš
ĺٴ뿪߷ȥǡһȥ˳еķ̨ǲķ̨Ҳһ黭ȣ껨իͬ黭Ʒơ
̨ʰϣ˵ķ̨ߴҰŷ·ֵǻƳϣԶԶȥྩڵƻһֵĺ쳾¡
Ƭ̣ɲʣСǣǰڹ̫̩̬Σ
룬˵̫ĻϺƿ꣬Ժ󹬵Ϊȣʹӵ»Ҳȴ˿źۼ
̩ţ̫üĿǻʺҲ밲ʺ򡣹ÿн̫󶼷ԸһݡȻʿȻǸ˵ġˣӲ˳˵ʵнգһĹҪ鹦̫󡣿ﵽôģҲ֪
ҡҡͷǻ˺һ˵м˹֪
Ŷ
̫ѡŮ٣ΪҾ˾ˡ
תһᣬ򣬡ʱ˾ͳϽ˾ȻŵĴ󽫡ѡŮ٣ϣ˾ֶ֧
̾һĬĬͷȨ¡̫󼴱ڹǣҲ
ԣаݡʣ˾ѳΣ
ҹɫеĵƻЩԳ̫ɹ̫ҳ˾ˡںղŻ˹֮һٵֵȥмӡ
лɾʣΪʲôǿȥ
ЩҾޣҹ˯šһҹ˾Ҷڹй䣬ۡ˵̫֪˾˹ʧޱȡԭϣ£סңԸڻ붫֮ˡˣĵλؽʯ˵ûʲôֵˡ̫ʱƣöȢҵġһƷٵŮԭûʸŮٵġȻֳЦɵһƷСȴƫҪ޸ӵܡ
 

339 ֻ

չ£̾һʱ𾪲ѣЩгĹ۲죬Ҹоõ̫ȷʵ䵭Щ滹һ顣Ů٣ûʸŻҪҲᡣʱֻسؼҡķʱҾȥ顣Ƕȥǹ徻ĵط
̩˵Ƕʶģ
ǰʱĸ볯ֻʣҾãȻ۰̩Ϊǹ֮ӣҪǵ۲ŸɺأĸǸʤһ볯в̫Ҳ¶ˣԱ
ĥţɻǾǣСǣ̫ټ̩˵үٵҩʱ˵ܲĻһ飬ʣ̫Ϊʲôôټ̩˵Щ
ȵ̧ʣʱ˵̩ɢʱ̫ټţ
ԡ˵д£ҲԵȵٵʱ˵
˼ãҡͷΪټҿЩӻڳʲô̫ע⡣ֻ̫˵ʮ㣬ϱԹ˸檣ʵȴ˵̩Գǳġ̫ͻʵϣ̩ᵳӪ˽ȴڹ¡˵̫ڣԴò
˺һᣬ˵궫Ҿַ׳ʣ̩Ҳ磬Եʵ۾Ǻ£ʦأôһ볯ʱԽͻԽߣʱҪھͻѡɱֻһǿβ󲻵Ȩƺ̫֮뿴档
ǡ˵˵ʱ빬밲ʲô˴Դ˵ֻ㻹̩Ͼ֮ŮһİǺ£
׽Ļէô˵һ㶣̶Цһ¿ɲ磬Ȣ˭ҪȨƣȫҿúܡ˵ŲҪȹء

һͦȹġúܺЦɿЦ˺һ˵첻ˡȥ
š֮ҪЩ
֪߰ɡ
µ¥ʱԶˡߵǸǲıӰһŬ죬ơ
ұߵǸȵؿʧıӰɻʣǾǡӳˣȢһҵĹ
ЦһͶ׵ġ㲻֪
ԣұߵǸתһᣬͻȻվסţһסߵһԣѹʣȢġϼҵģ
԰
˼мңĬƬ̲˵ӦӣҪһӡǡڳ
΢ץסļ翴һᣬá
תȥʱ󣬳žҪرˡǴسݹӦ޳껡
Ӧ޳çײûӵˡ֪¹ش껷ؾʱ˹̣Ȼ̽سֱֹȷ޲ڽմɡ
̫ٵܿ١ƷϴԱѫ빬١ܲɢظʱѾ鷿
£֮бΣһݰ֮ȻǲΣɰЩֻǰĲƷȴͬβһ֮Ϊҩǿ֮÷Щˡϯ䣬·ϴ˲Σٸ̫󣬷֮ʱҪҽƣİҩķﾡáôһǾͲֻˡһֻС
һֻһָֻϸĲΰţͨѩ͸ŵɫƣȻ
΢оޣܲɵõ˵ɣб¡ĶŪôҩ
ȴ΢΢һЦ£Ҳ鵽ƽ밲ǰһգӧȥӧƻ⡣
㵣ʣҪʲô
֪ʣɺϾػش𣺡ʱ߻ŮӴ򸮶´ڨİŮҲҩһӧϵǳ̰Ĳ㣬ͳ˸µ֣һ߷ûкö
Ůӣܲһһʣӧˣ
ԡ뿴ν޸Ҫ۵ġŮӲ⣬ǹع㡣̯̯֣һЦ
򴽣ܲԽԽѻȻ£ݺݴ˼Ӳ˵ЦɡߣҪǰ㣬ҳʲôۣҪ̧ۣһۣҿǶȴ޷꣬ŹѰҵġ̧ͷʣ̫ελش𣿡
Ц𣺡¾˵ԭ߷ġؽ£ֻΪ׼񡣡
 

340 ʹ

ܲؽ٣ɴܵ߷漴뿪ǡһ죬ׯ԰ƻͨ
껣ɷƬ̣߹ȥһץסֱۣϲ껣㻹ţû¡̫ˡ
ȴƺİһͻȻʣ㣬Сү㣬԰ġ
һɿ˺һ򴽲˵ʮһμ鿣ǫ˵Ҹ硣һ֮ʯͷǫ鿵ס类ˡҵ˾ʣǫ˵ǲСˤġ

ʮʱ£֣ҳ鷴ʡǣʲôģաŭҹؽ˼첻׼ԷǫȥҾ鿡ҴΣӳӵɽɽסʮաЩÿܡһУһȰңһȰһ죬һ֮°ϣιǡĵûܣվһֽкá껣ôֵ꣬ܶǷһǸ
ǽڵİСһϰ䡣ЩС¶֮ܣΪ˵˿Գһģһ龭Щϸ΢ļ޷ģµġЩĴʼ̶ȫڶ֪ǿϲǱˡ
Ƭ̣ȥһѱסɣүүţĻšޡһջ콵ֻǸʮꡣȥˣЩ˸ȴΪʱŶȥֻԽԽһֱȴž̵һ̡
ʱͣĺɲ𽥴ӸðĬĬվţЩȦ졣Ӧ޳վһһĻط꣬ȥĸĸã˱ۡ
˺һᣬ図߳Ȱ⡣
£ɵο껣ѹˡǶšĵأ
ҡҡͷ
㣬ôӳģ
Σ̾һүľҡ
ķྩ͸һֻʮϡķΪڸʱ껸տ³ͻȻѽˡ껽׷ᣬһ·׷˲ܼҵİٻ԰԰̫ѰҺܾòſҸߴɫѺڣֻýһ׼峿跨׽
˯ҹ룬ɱԶԶææҪϻȥȴΡʱܸļҽѾͳ⣬֪ޱ䣬ԶԶߣסͼպ
ţۼڻϵ˶ĬһᡣĬȻãɲʣһֱسݣ
ǰӵޭͣһӣָѲ׽ãܶ˼޹ǣҰ෬Ҳ֪ν永Ӿȥ˽ݸ˴ȴ֪˷سݣȥسݣ˺ܶŽ̽ӡȳǣʱ㲻۵Ӫĵտš
̾һá
ֿܵˣһ²˵үм²֪òø㡣
ţüҡͷ˵ûʲô˵ġôˣ
³죬ںү鷿⣬ҵ˷Žȥ
ţɲؿ˭дģ
ҧҧ껲˵ʱү˵Ц˵ѾͷȤܹĳɻ˵òԣʲô⣬˻ˮ½Ůȴûѧ˾˵Ĺҵ
³һ鷿µʯ϶飬ʱԶڴ񡣺ܹǫ鷿˵һָү
˵Żʵ岻볤ƽ̫ȴѼգʺҲ޹ĹлбʣڲҪۏˮ֪⣬ơ
ԶţҡͷѡϸϸƬ̣ͳ巽ѯʳеĶǰС
ߺ󲻾ãȥҸףǫ鷿빡ӣݳһţүšõүȥŷдż֣Զ
ɻǫЦ˵˭֪ôд©˼֡ϸ͵ġ˵Сĸţָүҿ½ˣǴ˵©ˡ
ú֣껾ʣСүдŲһˣôд©֣ү֪үţ϶˵ġ
Сʲô£Ϲġѵһ䣬ǫ˵үž˵СǸСŮӣֻСүүҲ˵дܹ¡סĴܣһںŰȫһŷǫæȥˡ
һμԼĸס
صסԺӷǷţȥιģķˡʱ
 

341 Ż

һ㾲ڳ˶껣ƺҪĹͷ
˺ܾãɲʣǷСǸҵģǷƤȴǡԶ
ǵġûһǾر֣ˣ˽СļűȽϣƤϵּһģһ벻ͨΪʲô©д˼֣Щҷһ¡үǷžͳȥ˾ӪϹµһٱıү᲻ʲô
һץסɵ֣үңұ㣬Ӧ˵˵ǳˡǡ˵ȥˡ
ıˣȻó˵һζʲôסãץס껵ʣ˵һ顣ͷβһϸڶҪ©
ѵصͷظһ顣
Ǽʱ͵ģ
Ҳֻ֪֪ү뿪ۡʱ̡ү鷿Цûҵȥ졣źүȥˡһصʱһ̣ţһֽѹסȥιġ
û˵
³صʱ֪ȥ˾Ӫûлݣֳ˳ǡȵٴλصǺʱ̡ûʵ׷ʲô£ҽ̽ùرգѽ˹δճ֡ȥӦͳ츮֪ӦԪҹֵ飬ڶּ͵죬ʵسƽԶݡּĽ˵ڻƴʧݣΨһǿסֻš
ŲɡѾȻӣԳ˰ţʱӱšŽ룬ֱšڲ֪ΪʲôţȰ費Ҵһط¼бͣ˲䣬ֽѹһţէȥƺǵıʼʱϾ飬ִȥ
һȥûٻҲʼûпǷš
ѣظ֮һ棬֪ȫˡ޶֤
˭õأǷŵȴΪ׷Ϸߵģӳ졣
ɵüԽԽ˿˼ҡǻݺԼȫңǡǷʲô£һдţΪ͵أ
ʶ˸λһҹƽƵˣʼ
ţɲ֪Լʲôϣ˵Ŀⶼϡ֪Ĭ˶ãӦ޳˼ž
磬㻹ǲɡҾ˵ٻġ
ȵüʣ껣ûмǴ
صҡͷҲǴһºһո׶˵󼸾仰ǷŵķƤҷȷʵСıʼһģһΪֻд©ˣֱޭݵ֪ʵ۴͹ϹΪһٸıƽơңһΪԼĶ⣬ɡ˵ȥ
ܾãЩѵվ𣬵˵껣һ·糾˾Ϣաҹˣɢ˰ɡ顣
˴˿ȥ
ٴξ図򴽲߹˵ӣҾáẦġ᲻֪ʲô²дߣȰүҪ᣿
ɿЦҡͷ֪˵ʲô˵СֻǺ⣬ҸûġǣġҲԼƭԼۣӣϾ˵Ĳ԰סһ˵ϢɡҾһ
ĬƬ̣図ˣŲء
ĸ巽ͳҽͬǳѡʱ図ĸ׺׵ܷسլΪůĸ֮جģϴĸ׵ܵҹӣһűܿ׷ǿ֮ǰѰԶΪ˰ٳµİѰƳĽڣԴ˸ҡ
˿̣ϸΪ˴һУǷžԶŹбΪ棬ٳִ빬أ
˸ȥ
ʱбﴫһ㲻ţ
һתһӦ޳бߵļɽŽ
Ĭһ£ش𣺡޳ӣ֪ϹƫҿԹӵ̬ȣҾˡ
Ϊѣ
ҡͷ
мˡıǴ֮ǲ뽭ңҲһ֣һⷢӣºϸ˵һ׹⣬һδȫȡ᣿
図һݣȡ᣿
ԡΪȨ֮ѡԼˡҡ֮󣬳жȻ֮ģѫɵĲ٣Ϊֵòɿһȴ֡һ֪ᶨΪ޹ΪһԲڹУлẰԩ𣿵ֻǶ˻£ТӦ޳Ŀ¶˵ʲô𣿡
 

342 ûд

図ſڽ࣬һʱȴ֪ǣԼοѡ
״Ӧ޳ͬļ磬Ͱˡ図Ķ̫
Ӧ޳ˣ図βȻסءϣⷬԻڶУתת飬ͷʧׯ԰һߡ
һ仪ӡϣķȱĿڵϢʱۣ㵸ֱС
ȵؿϸƬ̣ķͷʾ佱ȻߵһֻϢһʿŶ롣ٻ֪кηԸ
Ѧҹ԰·
ؿѦͷǵġǰӦӴһ껵ˣ빫ӵͯ껰һյ˵ˣ˶ûɣ빫ӻڻ﷢ۼĶǺɲûиȥԲ֪˵ʲô
Ƭ̣ķûиԤ
ҹڻϳȴ˵ʲôζʲô˼Ż߲ţ
һ磬ɽ˳ǡܿ죬һ͵ţǺЦѣһӶͣԸ߷
껣㿴
図Լҩ껺ܿ϶˵ʼǷһģһСдġ
ȷΣ図ŷȥɡ꣬ĬһٷĹȥ
ţ߽ȴüֵɫôʲôˣ
һʣСǣűǰڹûзֲԾ
ؿ˺һŻش𣺡Ȼƾӳƽֻϯݡ̷ʺ󡢸ÿ³һǰȥʰһӣ˵̫ӱȻѵ⣬ʺ֮ƽȻʳˡ
Ů٣ҪţԹڵҲᡣ̫ÿʰҶԾرܡ㡭ôˣ
£д𣿡
ûдѽһڰ¶ʮдġ
û
չֵֹģ̲סʣôЩˣ겻ǰ˾ղдһ𣿰ͳҲдѽ
˵ŵ循һһֺֻƿǲ֪ʱӦ޳
ⲽǰ˵ûдңΪʲôһϸͳھ³ʱ͵Զд˷Ƥ͵ԶУ
Ǵ㵡
ߣֵǣŵȴǸҴģңʵǷʺ̫ӶʵۣҴȫܱơıʼ
Ϲ˵ʲôûдţдʲôţ˵дˣ֤أ
֤ݣǣһճɰ׵أ֤ݣ˶ˡ޶֤ϧ㲻㣬һ֤ˡ׶Զ˵ǷŵݣۿǷŵķƤϵ֡ΪдÿţҴ綼úõڷһվʲô֪ˡ
˵꣬ЦʣڿԽͣΪʲôڷƤϹд©˼֣ĸţȴָ͵ԶУ
ΣͻȻʣ˵͸Ÿ˸Զţб䣿
ԡΪţԶ˹ı֣˼ơǣ㵽ʲôԼ֪
֪ΪʲôɿôŹˡһż̲ס㣬Ϲ˵дţûдʼһдΪʲôðģ
ܡ˵ɡӦ޳ڵ˻ȥ
㡭֪θͣæתɣץס˵ҡûдšһ㶼֪һбңұ̽ѣ˵Һأƺʲôıұ޵һʺ󲻼ӰʱһŮŻŵܹȥڸƽѣ˵Զıļ֮¸ţǣҡѾˡڣңң𣿡
磬㿴װˡ
죡ݺݵӦ޳һۣǵ֣һһٵʣ˵ûдΪʲôǷıʼ˭ģ㣬ҵŲɣ
죬Զԡ
һֱΪʲôҵӵּôŹб䡣֪ˣΪ֮ǰš˵ңֻб䣬⣬ҵֲҵԸȴ۲䣬ûŻȴŲɣԡּ׾ٵذҵ˾ڲšݴͣأСǣҵ㣬ΪڻʺߣΪûŵӣ㲻ẦẦҡ
ߵֻĻŵһеץסû¡ڣûдţûС
 

343 

˿̵Ľ顣
һҹʲôûףȴֻǷȥǸѪҹ׾ۣŭźӻ֪Ϲ׸ʱпʵѣɲǸİŮ˵סò˵ԼǺĸǲһģ껵Ĺȴá
Ѫ𣬸Ҵߵϣܳø¡Ĭãƿתȥ
ڣ
ûлͷ
ˡǴԭأ֪ԴֻһصᡣΪˣȥһ棬ĥ³˱еĸǰֻǸƽŮӣһһذ
ôߵ죬ȴ̶㱻ب֮һѺۻˡ
һԵ岻֪ȥͬһĻŵòᣬ˺һŻعæǡ
С㣬С㣡
֪˶ٱ飬ڻ˻ꡣ֣ʧǵڵأȴ޲֪ΪϹµŮ֮֮ǰһԼʼմڵġΪֱ˿̣ԼҲûȫΪʲô˾ؾٸԶ׷ʲô˵ġ飿
ڵãǿվߵķ£
ǶģѾϡķҵڽ϶Ȧһᣬٻ߷ٴηǡ
֮գһֱڷׯ԰ÿﷴ껵ĻȴҲͷ˵أǸب֮Ļ֮ȥľٸ
ʧǣھβѣȰһȴӦ޳£̣ϻ
磬㲻ܲԶ㿴㣬Ϊ˸Ůֵá
סڣ
Ӧ޳һᶼġƲ죬һν£˵ʲôãʼҶǺˣ㲻ţΪɫԡ͸ĴһĴЩŮɱˣҲò˶١磬ҲҪ㣬Ĳϸ𣿡
ϸʲô
ǸʱѾͶ˶ôģĸ׺͵ܻܵڸϹϼҸŮϵƽĻΪ㲻ĸ׺͵ܵܵİΣ֮Ϊ㺰ԩûСΪʲôΪЩĹף֪ԩȴһԲ

Ӧ޳ˣûθڳԷ䣬Ųһ𣬡ʦܡ
һعһķżѩ׵ĺǰԻ
˿ЦֻʣʦֺЩ𣿡
һӻָģôˣ
ҡ
Ǻ£Ϊβ跹˼Ϊһţôˣ
ǣһԼϸ˵һ顣
ţķü˼Ƭ̾˵벻ŲҪҪڳ塣
壿
ʵ࣬һƽϢǣ֮Ĺϡ֮ǷŻһᡣ
ûĻ֮⣬˼˰βʣΪʲô벻ŲҪ
ķ޷һǲǸüСǺ֪飿жǷһ˶ڳȴδţδãʱѾڻˡʵ
һ㶡
һ˾ǡη飬ξ֤ۿõɱ㣬׿ڳҪ㣬㶼޶⣬ضвѵɡҪһ㣬ˡĪĵǧ֣˳Ⱦһ㲻ҪԼˣѪɣûд

ɡǲ֪飬˵ðıʼдƤ͸Ϊڲˣɻ󡣵һŵԺδϸϸ룬빬˭͵ģô͵ģ
ɻƬ̣Щǽ͵ģӦͳҵн飬ͷԸͨڡЩǳ͵ģǳżмϸĸдžһͳ˹ŵ½˵š
ȷʵϸţһ޷ϴȥɡڶǣһ˵ıʼģ£дŵȴǧԺģ£οšô˭ܰǵĴģµΩΩФ֮Ƕϱţˣǵ𣿡
ס򴽲˵Ρһд˵Ļϡ棬ûȥʵžЦңȻôţԵôܺˡһ˵ûǸܶءҵЩӻƭȥ̡ͣ
 

344 µ

΢ķҡͷ˵ϤСǵĴҲŲɡ
ĬȻ
ķߵƬ˵ģ£Ǹ˺Ϥǣ޳˵ֿܡ
ʲôܣ
֪飬Ϊ˱ȫףʹǡʦܣǳ׵һ˵ʲôǸĻ𣿡һת
㵣ɿһᣬҡҡͷ
µ˻شķǵˣΪĵġΪʲôǷţȲҪŽۡ
ʦ֣㣬㵽ʲô˼
ģȼ֮ܰһлֱ뱾ģ˵ϣԼ˭ΪͬȻЧԶǺգ˵ЧͳˡдţضĴھΣһ䲻ġ
ɽеǾߣ
ô˵
Ϊʲô޹ģǡ
һĸ꣬ķʧЦʦܣǹҡҲǷ޹ؼǣʱ˿̼ҶΪ޹ɲǶûкøеġ
֮ԵòΣΪϹ£ΪԩΪ˵һ乫Ϊŵ¡ֻǶڵ¶飬λδޣδԾӣЩֻܸж㣬ж˴ҡڲֻΪ˱ȫԼˣʲôûҲʵķǿ
ȫԼˣʲô̯̯֣֮顣
ȷʵΪдΪѣ㰵չôǿĳרһȴܲĽν˹ͬŬǵĸˣ޳ŷĵزɢǣִֻŵҪ㣬뿴ܵ˺
ؿԶԡ
Ϊ˧һ̤һǧǧ˷ǡҿǹȥǿǵĴڣѾı䡣´òֻᶯҡģı˵ϣ²ִäĿȡҪǲʵһɻף۾ģ֤ݣʤ֮գһսþȫ
˶٣ѣңϸϸϹ²߱ıˮʯ֮ձǴ֮ﲻ⣬ҪġŮһΪԵʣ»һ棬Ҫȫ׵Сãϸ޹ˣֻĹֻͣԷڡ
δϸɲķǰΣ͵һͷʣ˵ֻгײʵһݡһʱͷδȥ飿
Ѧ
Ӧ߳ѦһϢ
Щ̩ڳ﹫Ȼᵳ߷Ȼ˶ֵעЩǴԺԺ鵽֮ǰһµ£дӹд̽ȻʹǰµϢע⵽һ˻ṩµ
ץЩֽͷϸ˺ܶ飬£ü˼ò˵Ȼʼݱǰֻ빬£ʮһգԺ˷ټݡ
ԡԺļ¼˵ȻʷԸ¼ԼΪдãȻѡС¶ʮ壬꾭빬ּʱֻڲࡣΪȴȻˣͣʱ
ԡǰһȻʵ⳼
ͷʱΪΡǵ𣿸ĵһּǰ¶ʮ´ġ
һٴΰЩֽϸ飬İʱڲܻ֪࣬ܿʲô
ǰ¶ʮˣٷϼҼ츸ĸ֮ʱھǡǣྩֻƷɣλ߸ʵȨȥ
ʦܣ˻ֵĹؼΪϢǣȻʲž֮ȴǸʱдģȻʻ᲻ԤϵѶ˺֣
ζѣ֪ΪʲôǷݼּȻ֪Ϊʲôѡھ³ţɺϵǣ³ʱị̃ӦԪ빬ֵʱ̣빬ý䣬ٽּ͵ȫšôΪʲôҪѡ³ǳһġ߳ߣҲ²⣬ʺ̫ӱضõʲôȷеϢ˳ƶΪȷˡ
ʾصصͷֻҪЩǷŻͻ¶ߣ
 

345 һ

ķס
áɷˣѦ˵빫ӣ֮ǰӷԸҵԼˣòݣǶǻˣбʲôġļ˵񯲡ʱҾЩͬҪȥһˡ
һ㶣Ƭ̣ʦ֣Ҳھǣ½ˡ
š
ĺʱ֣ɴ図뿪򣬼̸ݡ
ߺӦ޳ӺתʣĴ磬Ϊ˵ôࣿҲŮ޹
԰
ߣܻһţ߷ߵ˵ʲôʲôΡϹ˵˼Ҫɱ㣬㻹û⡣㲻˵ǸɱŮûɣ
֣Ц޳˵ĲǶİˡ
ʲô˼
ɻķǵһЦ˵ĲǶʲôˣֻ˵֮䣬֪֮䣬֮һ̵ꡣ֮ܲΣֵýȫֻۣĪܶáСǣΪֿ֮ͱضҪ̵βſһֱȥʼղ벻ķգΪԸСݺƺʵ̸ζֲ塣λعƽһɫ࣬ͼϣ̸Σ
ƶǶؿһᣬӦ޳ץͷ̫ˡ
Ǹֻ㲻˼㣬𣿡
ͷ
һҪɱ㣬᲻ƷΣ
һӦ޳ϸ˺һᣬҡͷ
Ϊʲô
ûΪʲôẦҡһʵǣΣ
ԡΣƷȫϿɣ̵˽ĵΪˣľΪѣԿΣҪɱ㣬ҲǴ⣬ֻвѵĿԡ޳ΪˣǲܷĵذѺ󱳽ԷͽУҲʿΪ֪
Щһ˺ܶ£֮佨ԵΣ֮û꣬㲻֮֡ΪЩʲô跨ˣֻһ͸ı˿
̾һķ˵һֿһףȡ᣿ûνѡֻŮӣҪʵ𡣡

ۡһߡ
߹Ӧ޳ʣ첻䣬㴩ʲô
ҵ˻һӡ˵õ硣
̰ɫ³Ӧ޳
ת˿СëӣպͶˡˣ㿴ҵ𣿡
ţ߷û
ǹ¡Ѧұׯ԰ÿ仹ǲȥأ
Ʋ죬Ĵ磬ʲôôСɫëö֡
͡ˣܡӧ¼㣬ԼЩ
á
ԹӦ޳سˣķǼˡͬһʱ̣й䣬߽һ̡ѡţʣңӱǴƬʲôڣ
Ҳ֪˵֮ǰв۵ȥ͵ùͷˡ˻ԶЩΪá
üЩȥ
˲һ̣Ѧ͵õЦһԸǮǸˣɵúá
ǡ
ķǵĲҵ̶Եһӵ𣬶ΰãѹ˶ݣϵ˸ж£Ծ˶Ŀİǰ̽ض
ҹʱڻص򸮡
ׯ԰ȷʵǵ֮ءΪ˽ûð
ðɡȲǡûҵʬ壬˵ķû˶߷ˣû׼ȥ
ǡ
˳ӧվƬ̲Żլ
ϵĺѾˣȫָֻʱ⡣һ⻨ҿ
䣬ָˡˡ
ߡҵġ
ôˣ
⾵̫ˣģض¾ӣ䱧סĲӣӧҪһӡǡĥʯɾļɵľӡ˺֡

ûشҡӧ
˶ֻ˵áһ͸㡣
ˣ使Цһ˵ķû̫ˡҵܵõĺö
ԣӧ쵰ĥһ¾§ס̫ٵ̩һֻΣ߷ġǳ˷ͷ˵һΣ
ģ
ǰ˳ǣڳ
ĿһתЦȸ½Ҷš
 

346 ˭

ߵˡûҲûѶÿûɣѳ嶼ϳȥ﷢ȥȻȥıӰԽԽģ̲סؿޡ
գ΢ʼػһǰӹķƬΡգۼ佫һȥЩƬģô룬޹
йصڴϣ۶ãڵ
̡
ռ˰㲻߲ݣ嵣ĵòСˣæ
С㡣
̣Ǵӵ¶»󻭵Щֽ
ֽ
ѽǣǻظļգҹҶֽϻЩֽأ
ʵס˺þò˵иӡҰΣŴ¹һ﷭һֽ̿һЩֽװѴƺ˳īοˣģ塣
ͷ˺ܾãƵղѡ
ͷɥȰС㣬㳳ҲܺͺõģͷϣȲҪżԼһû׼ͺˡ
̣㲻á
ǡ
ˡǵǻ˵ˣȳԵ㶫Ҫû롣
Է΢ģȥˡºûˣֻĸӡճͳ󳣳Լ̫鷳
ˣŵʣС㣬빫˭
ɻĬĬ˱ۣ˵壬һҪܣҲ˵ȥǽڡ

֪ˣ֮䲻Ǽ򵥵ᡣ˵ǰյҵţŹб䡣Ϊ꣬ܲ˼ǾóȻġ
㵵ؿʵûףֻʣɳ˵֪Ǽµġ
ȷʵ֪Ҳûдţȴп˵塣
ԥһ£Сʣ᲻Ƕߥүɵģ
ҡͷҾò̫Ծô£ֻûǸӺܡ

סһؿƿȥ߷
ǡ
һˡǼЩģĻ˺һᣬͻȻץסһֽֽһиģӰӰһΡĸۡر˺ܾãرסͷһҵʹɲǼ仮ͷ­ǲҽһˤڵϣգۼ亹ʪ͸һ˲ǰһӰӣݳʲôˡ˽ӹ߽һš˴һѰļҶ硣
ˡԶһƷԽ˵ӣ׾νлռǡ½Ҳˡ
Զ
ͶŮ˱Ӱİ֪ˡ
סͷϢܾãڻͷˣǸٴʧ١ΣǿϱۣϾ˼ʪܵܣüнš
ǸӰ˶ȥԶѵǷţ
Ųдģȴ˵ҵıʼҵıʼ
˭ðҵıʼݺңѵҵɵģϸɵģ˭أǲǱڲƭˣ
ԽԽǽƣԽԽǷŭۣɨϵıīֽ⣬˻ߵؼ
˭ɵģΪʲôҪңΪʲô
ն̻صǰžżУøæ̣š
С㣬С㣬ôˣôˣ
쵰ĸĻ쵰Ҫɱ㣬Ҫɱ㣡Ǹ˲Ƭˣԭǳָزġôب֮ģϹ£һ񶾵Ĺݡһ̣δйķŭӯܣδʹһˣʹǸݺԼˡ
µˣ
ģıʼдţԶмƣűɹӸԶмƣȻӮˣдڲƭԶͻɲı֤ݡһΣͽ֮䶼Ҳ߲ȥˣ
˵ĴĻǾҪٵİֿɵõҸ
ǣ˭˺ǣ
ǲ֪
˺һᣬǰȴȥ룬˿û
֪˶ãͻȻҵɵġһõҵţҸţΪʲôҪôɣΪʲôôңΪʲôҪͶΪʲôҪٵҵһУΪʲôŮŮΪʲôҪң
ٴη˷裬ĵ߶һᣬˣ̫ղ߲ݣھƣߵػ˹ȥ
⣬קס˳̾һ
ʱͿŮ㴷ŵأ״Σµʲô֮ǵ˺ȽڸΪ淢ҵһֿһףȡ᣿
 

347 

ǻ赹ĳ˽һؽţС㣬С㣡
ĬĬҡͷԸŮȥ
ҩ˵λС鲻õԵʣѪᣬֻճҲ˯ò̫ðɡ˶Ȱ⡣֮οͲǿ׳Ŀûд󰭣Ϊá
лˡ
˿
ǣռ䵽׷ʲô£
ǵĶֻ˵ǰС빫ӳܣسԲ·վͱˡ
λ빫Щ𣿡
ҡͷ
̾һ˺úտҴ˵
գǷ˸գ˵ʱ߶ڣʱף޽мϹΪҪԼĺ˵ȥ¶ˣԸţԼԴŴÿտϤϡ
ҽҩȻ˶ߵע⡣֪ǲˣЦû֦ҡ
̫ˡȥ𣿡
ˣЩӲɵӰ֪ȥˡ
һ㶣Ӹˡ̫ˡáڣ¸ܾȥһڡ
ǡ
Űɡǲ˾Ϸˡ˵ֻӧʧЦ
ߣ˾ʹӡҲ
á
ǲǡӧǲ㶼ӿԼˡ
ͷӧԥһ²˵䣬־ӡĵ̶û߷ҲûС⼸ӶѰҲûС
ûУһ㶣ʱˣվԭתһȦŭҪǸļңһһ֮Ǿ𣿺˾ڣ߾Ȱ˵Ϲ°Ůӻظٸ¡
ǡ
Ҫҵķǡ
΢٣һӧ˳
գܾʱһЦ˵º򡣱ְ˵С㲡ˡ
ˣ
šļҽȥľáӿüˡ
վԭ룬ܾĪ½ҶתһȦɷĲ£һ䣬ȥҴˣۺЦѡ̨̤ףиǰһ
һ̧ͷһ˿ЦŵˡģæŹȵ𴦹ٻ١
ԶԵźͻۣʣҼҴүȥģһ粻ģȥʲôƺûаӵġ
ȥС㡣˵С㳤óڣҲͦġ
ϴСôˣ
ˡסºһָܾȥķԺȥˡ
ܾ֪ԼƬ̣ã
˺á˵Сǲˣ𣿡
û뵽Ϊ˶𲻼ӰɣЩӡ˶ٲ˵л˹ġֻǸЩ¶纮ġ
˼Ƭ̣̲סʣ֮ǰûʲô°ɣ֮ǰҶ
Ȼһ룬ɵЦ˷ġͻȻⲡҲ³򣬾ǸŲˡ
Ŷ˵СǸЩͻŰסǲģ
ǰȻðвԣñϾˡҲ²⣬Ҳֻƽһ£ڸ֣ð
֪ˣܾ΢ģٶȥĿıӰվڽϳã̾һ
̾Ů˵ˣū澾˶ԴСܺáϧôЩӣλ빫ӲŲʡ
⻰һ˼һµͷ˵ǰ֪Ϊֵ˽ֻС£Ƕʧȥ߷Ƕˡ
ǡ
½ļҽֱ߷ʱڽֽǴջߣ˼һ²ߡ䣬ȥԶԡ
үȥ˺˵ǲˡ
ġģʲô£
үȻүϲͣӦˡ
˵ӵۣԶŭϼ߰㣬˭ϡ˼ҽףܾɵϹٹãƫ⡣ߣƬ̣ԶԼԸȥܾ
ʱܾĸ۳ˡܲٻǺӼͷ˰ա«ưԶԽƻذֶɳǣԻͷΰ
ܾڲ⹫ʱ½ļҽͷɥػصȥûɣһӻҡӦ޳߷£űѰ磬طԸ˸ߣԲͱϹ䣬ûд
 

348 ؾ

űȵʣڣ
ˣƺĲڡλ֪ʲôˣ˵ܣûǴС㡣ôСȥûȤ
֪˵ʲôźã֮˿֪˼һỹʱá
ʱһͽ˰Ӫ
½ҶְָʹңԶЧǧžξʮȻظ״ңԶĸ׵ϣξһУξľְ
½ˣзš
һƤ֡½Ҷز𿪡ţɫӾȵţٵŭ͵ذһϣڵվһȭϣ쵰ǲˣ
һ̧ͷξҲһʣôˣ
Ҳ⡣û½Ҷļǵԭת˼Ȧ̤˾ʣֱңԶĴʡ
ңԶеιֻӥ
һ΢½Ҷ߽
һңԶûƲ죬Ҷûءͨʹ
߹ĩҪٸϻؾǡ
㵣ңԶһվʣְָʹְǹ߽ΪָʹƷְõ͢ΣҲԼմ棬٣߾첻÷ؾǣΥְ֪֪
֪
㻹Ҫȥ
һ˵ĩϻؾм¡ҽ㡭֪ô˵źãҧҧóǷţ뿴
ؿңԶӹš
ξһת̽ͷһۣңԶûмƽϡ
ţξתͷ½ҶУǷ𣿻ҶǸ𣿰ǸϹ׵
½Ҷݺȭ
ңԶҲǳԾСϾ곤Ҳö࣬ĥһ²ʣǺʲôϵ
ҹùõŮ½Ҷ½ҵ¼һȻϿҵ˵ھʱұ˰㣬ǽѰ֣Ҳվ˾С벻龹Խң㽭һҽҲǼ޲ȥҲ⡣ҵûȥ
Ҹһȥһȥҵ˵ǣ뷨ӡ
ǣңԶڰ֣Ҷ㼴ҪȥҲ׼ãֻûϽ㣬Լȥˡ

ºܹ֡˭ţΪʲô׮һıĳǲҴ鷳֪ϵ㣬Ⲽ˸ڲȥȥһ˵ùȥͷҲܸǻʵۡ
½Ҷü
Σ㼴ȥˣĸ֮ý֮쾭塣ʲôĹø
ɣ½Ҷ򴽾˵а취ġҽھмѡҵһȥ跨
ҾҪԸ㣬㲻ѡһ֣ȫԽȥ
⡭
³˼ã˵ԶѿöߣҲֻܼвˡ˵ͦģȻȥһپҪ³çǣҪһʲôɲܹȻؾ
гĬ˶롣
ס˼ţ½ҶͻȻʣǱ飿
԰ҵ塣ôˣ
硭д۵塣
ĿһңԶˣңҵΪΣ
ĵǡǰǱ顣˿̻ʵûоǼҲǵ궫ӵһ˭ǰ˵лʵۻ᲻ǼҵȨ̫׻๴᣿ܿܵġһͻᶯ˼ߵʲôģôŶĳûôĵһϣʵۻǼҲһ飬ͲôɵˡǺ£½Ҷɵط
üңԶһʣ˵áеɵʲôأ
˵˵£Σ
ңԶЩ⡣
˵ĵ߲ãЩ輸¾ͶˣɱЩϸĵߵǰ󳹲顣
ҶǺ˵Щͦġξҡͷԡ
з¾;ˡҪҵҵıÿվҪһѡ̫ˡ
ǵĶԻңԶ˼Σһ֣⡣ҶΪĵʱЩܲסǹġеЩǱѰĵǿЩ
ܿ죬ңԶдãֽһʱ½ҶŶʮξһ𣬼̸ϻྩ
ĿͳԶȥңԶйֻӥŻؾǣסֻܽ塣
߽ӥڿաеٶȼ죬ྩա
 

349 

½Ҷҹ֮ʣھ͢˵û
ˣ
ǰүСסôãҲȥˡţصǸ鷳˷˲õģǸûûЦ
룬ðɡ
ץסᣬĺһ̺Ѿߣȥ̡
ǡ
ڵϹ£ѾԸĸѾ߾ŵϽıԺͬʱӧϬãŸڵ
ΪЩҩ㲻ҲΨһĶӣ˻ҹַҲѴ˵ˣ֪󲿷ֵҩ˴ͳ츮֮໹ӧֽ顣ΣԷԹæΪܡ
˿̼߽˸񣺡ͳˡȴգͳŵء
΢΢һЦӧ˸񣬡ͬΪ˿
Ը˲裬Ͽҵ˵󡣴ͳҲ֪Ȯ˲к˲˹ģΪףʵڲķβǰ߷ҩ˵ЩҩþκҶӵĲԴͳ˵ЩҩֻϡһЩļֵԸó㹻Ĵۣͳ
ûشӧƷһ˹ʣݽ֪˭кɣ
һ㶣ȴûش
ЦЦ˵ĽϼҴС㣬ȴ֮áϼС㽻ιиܾܵΪлʹչмӣɲŻ³
ü˼һ¾ʣ֪ͳԺ⣿
ܼ򵥡֪ݽУЩҩҿԸ㣬ݽһæ
ͳ쵫޷ֻҪõһհ졣
üЩζ˵뽫һסȻϼС㣬Ϊ׾ͳȫ˶ӵ°ɡ
ȵؿǱһ򴽲˵ͳ죬ЦҲҲ̫ˡϹǶƷ飬ȻڣϾŮȢ˵ģӣϹ²ͬ⡣ҡȡ𣿡
˵úáӦأ
ֲҡͷܰɡ½ҶְָʹϮˡϹ²𣿡
ݽϹ˽ϣ԰ɣǲǺܻ㣿
ȷʵˡ
νĻǳ˲ֵýύֻ֮Ҫ㹻棬ûʲôԽ׵ġǱ淸ǣûϣ޸Թ˼ңҲûʰݣļֵΪ׻ȡ½ҶȷʵɫᣬҪҵдʱա֪ǣɵĳ𣬽ʵ𣿡
Ƭ̣ش𣺡ͳʾ
뽫ٴκɵĻϹһ׿ϣôһ־Ǹ֡ǵѲ٣ضҪѰ֡ݽӰ֪ɣ
͵Ͻĸ״Цһ֪
Ӱǵոǿɵĺܶ൹ù¶ƣӰȥġһ£Ӱͻ֣½ҶҲһϻܾɣ˸ӣЦʣ֪⿴˭𣿡
̩
ԡǲǶôֵĹ⣬ƺѪ޶סԴ
͵̧۶Ƭ̣Цһˡͳ֮ⲻھƣֻǸն
˵úáȴǣõնһɣл˳жҲȬһٶãǺܻļݸδþǽˡԣ۾ݱ䣬㶼Կġ
ݳһֻƿһƿ¶Ա⡣
һץסƿˡһ֣Ψͳհ
ߺӧ裬ھ߽
ˣʲϸȥǡܣ˵أƶպЩͻȥ
һֱ͸Ϸˡ˵һŮ˲ò޸Լˣʲôо
üھ˵Ϊ޸û˰ҲᡣܾЩ˲Ӳʵǿɱһݡ
ôǾ̫ˡ
ǡ˰ҩεúãкô
ĲβõġЦһᣬɭȻƵֱ֮Ի߶ɣϼˡ˵˲Ҫͨ䣬ҪҽԽͨ磬ɻκáĸֻѰΪʲôҪķѹһͽأԡЩҩֻǰο
˵ţվȥ
 

350 ѡӪ

ӧ뿪ƽʱϽĸ׵ķԸһ麯͵ݸ
򿪿꣬òַ顣
û뵽ӧôݶ⣬ַ˼һ˵˼ɣһʯ񡣵¾һ˾ҪǿԹӵı
˵ǻմɱ
ܡ
ĿһЦǷӰмǿ䱸ڿʼԺİȫȸ𡣡
ͷǣַݳһϢ뿴Ͻڽȷʵ֡
ϸһ飬Цá˸ϸЭͬɵ·
ַȥšվԺУһɣҶϳô죿
ʱһиյִݣһӸȥ춯һ֪
ɢϹߣͼһڼӭ
ϴˣƽ롣˽һ˵
΢·
еòԶһƧĻ£ƽһеһػľ
¹ˡ
תƽһЦϴЩ괺⣬ΰ
֪ʲôҩԲػش𣺡¹ٲ֪˼빫ʾ
ǰݽ˵ӷ˵ĲҪεúãѰһϵŮӳϲʮĳŮǣôãתתռʾϸȵġݽУ󱾹˵¡ҾҲŵԣ֪ϴΣ
ⷬϹһȻ̧ͷʣ˼ǣǣҪȢŮĲˣ
ûãԲųϲ˵ŮҲû׼Ĳͺˡƽһ赭дƺ˵һ޹ؽҪС¡
벻ͨ¸ЩѻϹ²˵ݽ񰮣ˡŮٲãҲҪ޸һˡˣ˳Ц
Ц⻰˵öԡɱ׮ǿǹģΪϴ˺á
¹ٲס
Ǿ˵סȽι߲ȱʹߡм´˱ض֪ٸѾŮܾϹټҡҵǽᶨ˵ģܾȢŮһ½Ҷ˾٣ɻڴкôЩԷµĶŮŲʣǺԹ̩ߵ̫ʵòãֻǣ˾ǲǶԵأ

УŮ֮ʣƽϷ˵ĸŮ֮ɵ˵Ĵԣǻڻ顣㲻ʱɺŮһźף˭кô
Ϲü
ϴˣŻֻһ̬ȣ޷ǽ˵˼ûдռıˡ統꣬㵱׼ңнɣŮδޣĲ𣿼ͼذαػαװŸŮТأ
ִģϹɫ΢䡣
ģƽ޵Цһ£˹ؼ˵ϴ˸֪ĽᡣԸӪһ½Ҷұ֤ӹٸԭְ㡭ϾжΣټμԺϴǴһƷʸ鷿ʰݵġٹ꣬ȱ̫ӣĲѧл̫Ӷ顣ΪʦۻǷó裬㶼ܳΪӽء֪ϴ˾ٹ㹻𣿡
ڽƻ𣬱һԸ㡣ϴ׳꣬лӣαؾһϽأ
仰ʩʩȻתϴ˺ú˼ɡǸʵվһģð˭Ϊá
Ȼȥˡ
Ϲ´ԭأͷ˽ս
ӧԶԶش¶ıӰĿ¶ЦƶϹ»ЭġѾһΣضڶΡһ˵ĽڲֻҪˣֱͳԼĳª밹࣬ѾͻΪ̬
Ϲصػص鷿﷢Ŵţƽߵţ˵ү˵ر𼱵Ҫ˶٣ڴС¡
һϹ͵ץס̨˱۶ס˵
ʱ޵߽һϲ
үһʱǰݽǲý˵˵Ǽү˵ʾȢǼҴСƽ޲εúò⡭Ǻã
û뵽ݼҵô죬Ϲüëһ
ɫȴѿúܣ޵ʶ˿æ˵ǼǺ֡ǸӣȢС㣬̫үˡҿݽǻͷȥؾǿͬΪķϣҪһ١
߳ȥϹͻȻȵȡ
 

351 ϲ

һ޵æֹʣ֣ҿ
΢üͷЩ}ûţΥֻ֣ðϲݹȥ
ϲдţɵʾصðϵŮӳϲκĲȻֻƽ޵ֻ֣Ҫκ˲һˣơ֪˾ίǣԸó屶ĲΪ
ϲдʮֿЩƽĻϹֻ֪ǸԼӣǱԼѡӪ
ˣҪӦ¡Ǳضҷԣ½ҶϽ̸ͬ⡣һ͵Ҫ᳤Ľܣº׷Ŀ볤ܹϵеĸҸɵˡ
ˣ;ܾ¡Ҳζŵ﹫һǻʵ۵Ĺùã̫󹬵ĹŮһǻʵ۵ĸųأġƽվһĻҪ⵹ºĳѫ
ЩҪҪǣʵ۵̬ȣ
ϲȻƽĻ
̩ߵ̫ʵòãֻǡ
ʶأһͻȻ䣬ǰǸҹɱ죬ճྩǸѪɺӵϣϴٹۡһҹҷ𣬶ٺѫգۼ촦Ȩо͵ڵ裬һŲ֮ء
ǰѺ˱Ĵ⡣أ
ϹµüԽԽ촽ԽԽ𽥱Щɷף͸ɷĲ
޵һԿɫ仯ֹסľ
ࡣǸˣ֪Ϲ¶ԶŮǴĮģĺڵĲǡǹȻ۲ţע⵽ԼŮ¸жϣĽӮǻƴã뻻ȡ棬ˣĸŮиȵĹ鴦ɽմݸϲһ亹ϹµĳĬ䡣
ԥһ£Уүү
˺üϹ²͵ػعһۺʲô
һǿЦϸ˵үݽôǲԣǱϾͬţϻùȥȥظܾͺˡ
סһۣͻȻʣŻһǴ
ҧҧ޵үȢģСǵճôԼ޹ȥʲôƽޣ˵һЩڹƽ֮˵ɴûƽһ˵˵˾Ǹ檡ǶƷԱС㼴㶩ףҲôô۸һȥ˳Ц
Ц԰ԣǡŶƽȥʱ¶вͷ˵ľ
״޵æץסȰ˵֪ƽ̵棬ҲͲ֪Ϲ·ȥԥʲôһᣬϹ»ӻȥԼٴαų˼
޽⣬޵ֻôҴһطԸѾ߸š
Ϣס˵ģδ֪ܿˣϲϷȥ񡣵֪Цôĵĸ룬޺ްס˼װ֪
ʱƽ鷿˵˾ױһĸѾ߾鷿ȥˡ
үң
㿴˵˵
һ۾߻˳ȥٲǷϲϸϸ꣬ЦòУȴģظ̾ҲԵء
٣õ⡭ǶƽæɣϹ³ʡ
һ㶣ٲ֪˭Լĸ磬ҧҧֻ˵үĲ֪Ҹȷʵݻǡ涼ûġ
Ƕİݼ֪ģǲǸйϵ
ͷһ¡֪ˡʲôһƽŵ˵үҡ˵
ȥ
ǡ
ƽĿбӵ˳ȥš
ﾲٴһ²˵үУһֱģͺͿذѽİ͵ȥɰּ֪ҲνСĻ˵㣬úʾͺʡǡһתм϶֪Ҳ֪ġ
֪ضеЩϹûз쭣ֻʣʲô£
ǰ·͵ԸѾߵᡣºδʧԣɺֻܿˣ𣿡
ʲô˼
˵Ҳ²Ǹ͵Ϊ˲һЩ£Ѿߵ˵̷˵ū澡ֺȥ򡣡ذѡȥҧҧ
Ϲ˰βŻعζĿرڲЩˣ
 

352 

ٵͷԡ˻мţүģյˣҲŵġ
Ծ˿úá
΢Цһ£ü˳۵С˵лү佱ĥţСڼﲻʡ˹꣬ТҲˣ򷢳Űɡү˵ҾݼǸȥݽϵǰҲݸףǺ£ڴС㡭˹Ͳˣٹƻ̸ˡ̸Сúý̵ЩҲڹȥˡ
ϾŮ򷢳ţʵڣݲҲǼң˼ҵķ顣аذʾ
ĻϹ½ܾòʣǶָʹ͵ģ
˭أ룬ͷ˭ѾǵȤ˵ˣСȤʣֺηƫΪأǲ֪˼𣿡
ˣи书֡׵ġһ䣬˵֮ǰΪ˾õ£֪үˣҸүⲻǡЩĸദˡңһհɱ˵ǸŮӡ
һŮӣ
ǰ˵һɵúܡ㣬ٷȥˣСҲȥˣֳ̩ܾүϸϸ˼ⲻǺ𣿿ɾ׸ͷβӺֻץס߲ͯšдͯ߸ɴСδƲøɾɣ
һ룬־䶼Ϲµʹšüãʣ׮ʮֻơ½Ҷ֪᲻Ըﲻ
˵ˣٴϲæӲ磺үνĸ֮ý֮ԣСǲԼҪҪ޵ġڱүʲô£Сϣ½ˡҶƽŻءֻҪྩ½Ҷֲ֣ǰѱ
үҾ½ȡùԻ½˽ġºˣ½үҲˡߥޡ
һᣬϹƺ̾Ϣһذɡҡһ롣
ǡүʲôʲ˵ģܽҡǵǰҺһһذ
ĬĬͷӻ֣ȥɡ
֪ˣٸ뿪鷿
ʱƽˡԥһ£˵үְ׮͸ıζ᲻ôСĻһȦأ
û⣬Ҳˣ
һƽ̲סʣ˵Ȧף
ףҿһȦסǶĻն½ҶԸǲ֪˭ƽֳʲô⡣
ˣүƽ׵˼ѽ
˼Ƭ̣ģǶǲǴ½Ҷ̶̩ߵý
̩ʹСظְۿְ˵С̩̤࣬½үȥˡ
üϹ͵½ҶһգͻȻ鷿ܲº꣬Ǵˡ˿֮£³ɺϱά
½Ҷƾʲô̩࿴
ţͻȻʣһΪ½Ҷķ飬ʵټһ£ʱǲǶ
һ㶣ƽɿȥˡ
ٴΰˣϹ¼Ȩ⣬ͬʱ޵Ϣ͵º
ñ֡ڻıˣ˼뾹֪Ǻá˺һᣬæԸҽȥϽ̡ˣ˵̣񡣼û˸Ҹ׵£ֻܰż
Ͻ̺ܿˡ֪ݼҵף˺һЩŵʣҵôܴӦŻƵĻ£ѵŮ޸檣ǲǱԻѽ
ûܻش⡣
״ε˺һᣬϽͻȻʣҽأ
ǿҲҸ
֮ǰͦģôˣʲô𣿡
ʣ̲ס˵үʶ߷빫𣿡
ʶôˣ
һСһܣرס֮СܲûվͲˡЩȥüΣ˷ҲȥѰڡ롭Ҳ顣
ϽЩؿΪʲôҪ飿
Ǿ˵̶˵ҪȢ㡣
ʲôϽ͵ؾһǰѱӣԭôҪڽǰ֡¶ͷ˵ôҽءȥܿ
߷ƹظɲڵУ図Ҳڡ
ܰɣô᲻ڡҽȥԼҡ
 

353 ²

ƹȰ裬Ӧ޳߳ˡ
˭
ԴǱ䣬һǧ֮İϽˣһɣڵػش𣺡ҽϽ̣ҽ㣬ҽɡ˭ҽȥҿĲڣתߡ
¶ЦƲ˵˵Ҵ粻⣬ǸﲻҪûȤû㣿
Ҫҵ磬㡣ΪΣҸ㣬㲻ҽȥҾȥˡˣòҽȥ
׺һ⣬Ӧ޳һת˵áȥҹ֮ͻȥ㣬
ߣáô࣬ϽƿӦ޳˽ȥ
תȦûҵɵӰ
Ӧ޳ֻ˵ûƭɡھǣǰ׷
͵תͷȥˣ
̯̯֣֪
ŵһᣬϽһˡ
ߺƹʣ޳ӣǼҵüˡһأʵ׳ʲô°ɣ
ʲô£ǳӮҴæ𣿿ΪʲôҪŮߣǡ´ԸȥңȻȫȥ
ǡҪҪĹӣ
ĴˣԸҴܣ˵㡣ôˡ
Ȱƹֻõͷ
ѰɣϽ̵ͷȥ˾׸ܾҲڣ˵⹫ɣ֪ںδ
йѣϽûɵػص͵վ
ΪηѾǸһȥ˵ˣҲҵôͿ¡
ߣץס
̶㲻Ҫçײҵģظ˵ʲôһֻġ
һ㶡
˼һ£˵ΪʲôļǵߣøϽѰ跨Ȱ裿ѹû׼ͬ⣬αضһ٣⼸꣬һ£𣿲ѧҵӵ¶¸ϻأһΣʣĸ˵Щǡ㽥ЩվҪ֪ġʵϣĸ꣬Įģˣô徣ಡ齶꣬ǿëǱġ

ʱ΢Ҳ²һɿԽˣԽçײȥһǳʲô£ǰ׷Ŀ𣿡
ֱصΣϽ̵Ȼ
ʮˣѧ˹۲졣оóϹ¶ԽûʲôȤԽǸһ˵䵭Žڵ¶Т꣬ٵһķӿ˱ۣ˵ҲУҲУô죿
һʱ޼ƿʩճƼˡ
һĻ̲ɵݣתң壬ԸȥѰϧң岻ڡʧһᣬٴ뵽ʲôͷһɱԶԶأ׺
̺᷻ҵڲԶֹĿ¶˼
֪ȥҷӰϽֱҡͷӰܴͦģһ¾ɱҶʲôѵһɱ
˻һۼһļ˶һ㶡
˺һᣬͻȻһšüɱڵ˵Ǹ⡣˲һء
ܼҲ˵²ߡоͰɱˡ
ȴ˴˿ǰ߼һɷæȰ˷ˣ⣬׵ġԹɱ˳ǼҲǽçһֳ˻˵Ȧף
Ȧף
Ҿãáݽưոݵġ
ϽҲԼĻһһ룬ü˵öԡɱˣ²ߣġ
˼䣬һӺ洫ôصģСǽأ
תͷһӰϲ˲ʲôˣСܵǰѾϸ˵һ顣û뵽ֹ£һ˵ȴȥ㡣
ڣɻͷԵرۡ
Сǽ㣬Сǽ㡣
޷Ӧ
ΣӰתͷĲ˼һóһѩ׵ҩ衣
ҩܶص˲աҾֵزԼ⣬ǲźðæɱһݣ跨Ȱ裬Һ˰æҪçײûõġֻСǽ֪ǸŮ֮ĽᣬЩҲֻԼסö⣬еķʸ
Ͻһ㶣ʣô˵ʲôҩ᲻л
Щܱҳǿöࡣ
Ȼ
ԣֻͬˡǶһԼöá
 

354 

ҩιȥˡ
һ̣ͻȻۣڵۡ³һѪ˾У͵ش˸Ծһ񺮼̶̣Ȼ͵سͨĺ˶ʱѹ
˦һͷ񣬿Ӱٿ塢ſ˵ܵܣ¶ȡ
û˵Ӱˡ
㣬Ҹһö񵤡ѹեѪҩκ˳˶ܾա֮Գ²ߣΪһ׮ı㲻ܼˡ
գ˼ۣ֮ǰˡãƺйһЩѹܾõıߣﰲ˲٣ʣʲôı
һݼף˵ҪǸȢ檣ΪƽޡԸó屶ĲֲǼΪ˾ɣռʾ˵ȢһϵŮӳϲϣκ
˵ֱӻؾʮԥȥ飬ֻ²ݵذһ顣
סֱصŷӰ˵ˡǸӻóŵòУæ˹סлС㣬ȣ黹û˵׼תȱţţ
ҡһᣬ͵رۣƣһЦȥǶ㲻ˣܻ͸ֵζƺƺȻƺ
С㣿
㣿
ûشĿβ˵лáЩۣҪһ̣ɡ̶ȻԺʲôҪҪظװһ֪ĸΪҷˣȥϢɡ壬Ҳǡ
˱˴˿ͷ˵ȺúϢһ˵
ʱϵѪʰˣﾲ
ŷۣ˯⡣֪ǲҩãͷˣǰһĻĻֱ
¶ظܵܲзϣҶ븮ݼף׿ϡԼڳ޵֧˿أɱ
μԼĴ鷳ĻǵضԸĺϡɶȻ䣬ԭһͿصĶһ֣¡ؾ֣˶ƽţѾǻ˵ҪȢԼ檣׿ɻŮ٣
תתȥ˵ֻصǸϡһΣܵܽȫҶӰݣѲǰã˸ڶλᣬص޵ģ
ˡоذȵ˯ˡ
һ̣׿˶Īǰ·ĵǣ˾ƵƶظԼһӮҪúõס
⣬֪ǳ˶˯ˣϽ̳˼˺һỹǻԺ
ŷӰ˵ɣСǽ㲻ӣֻڡǸ˭ǰװһ
ͷ岻ɵЦһ£ллˡ
õĵġһɱһݡ
ҹ˾ĺذ⣬֪ı˷ܵصȴһϷ
峿Ǿþٱ˶Եò԰㲵վֳЩΡԡºžһ᲻ɵ˵ҩ档ҪͿ֬ˡ
㣬ǶҩһһҲǳԸΡԶˣġݳһֻСҩƿǲԪպÿճһա˾񵤺ѪĵԪֲش󲿷֣֮ٶЩƷһͲˡ
ҩôǿ
ǵȻЧһھͻָ˾ҵϰ֮ˣʮϢҩͻЧΪЧԵͺܴ󡣡Ӱһز䣺ۼǱܣ񵤵һܾʦŸ
ԣݸһ֪ǰ䡣ѧҽ𣿡
ʦʦŽӰʦǸеĴϣҽͬޡǶûнⲻ˵Ķʦ岻ϲ£ֻϲ֡Ҹѵ룬ԵǣǿԤ֮еĶԹȨıʱԼҪҪæΪʦ档
üɫؽʦ£С̸̲ס˵ӰʦǷЩͬ
ħ㲻֪
ٴʣģ
ûڡǵڷҵȿ󡣵ޱҪǴӲ뷲ʲôʶܶΪǶﴫʲôأǸҪ˵ϿĤݡЩνļԸ඼ҰοɸǱĹ
ĪԼĻǳƬ̵ͷ˵öԡڶ࣬ûڣҲġֻұ޷󣬲⣬Ϊ̸
԰̬ȹŹ֣׼ظ𣿡
 

355 

öǶԾһʣ壬ȥ߷𣿡
ҡͷش𣺡ȥܶΡǡǸ׵˵빫ӲڳүȥҲүȥ취Ҳڡ
֡ʲôҡҡͷǳ˼˵ڷ򡣡ع˷Ӱã¾΢ͬаɣ
á
ԸȥϽ԰꣬ǺͷӰ뿪Ӱذһ˵ӳΪΣ
ǸطЩءÿҽȥֻĿ̵ģֲ·ںδҾý²ȵһ·Ӹֱܷó
úܶӰЦͣ
½ճǣӦ޳͵õϢԾ룬ʣǲ𣿺õô죿
֪Ϲ
תתͷҸȥһĴͬɾͲˡĴҲǿ˾߲ġ
ϣǴ·ƾżѰɴԼ֣ɿҲû·ںδӰҲԾȡó󷨣ȥ
йѣд˩סӵĺȣڵϡһᣬǰȥпУҧҧһ·
˶̣ǰȻʣֻ𻨣㸡
һϲæЦǰ߲Զš
˵׼ˡ
ݸҲ²ǰ⣬ϤܵĻӶǵܵġ
Ҳǡ
˵䣬ͼһӰתǿӦ޳ׯ԰мŻӦ޳ᳵ·׵ظˡ
ûصһۣͻȻеô⣿
ǰһһգһ̣죬ӰһٴαסһëסһӰ̤ǰһǰ棬üŭӦ޳ô˼ҵӣӵı£
ԼƺӦ޳Цһ½˵ĴġЩ쵽ңԭŮ͵ȥ˵ţǽеŮӻҡȡΪ㲻𣿡
һӱ˵˵͸ҵġңʲôԼ˵ʲô
һ㶣һתӦ޳׹ȴƱ˵Ҳվӣߡ͵ģҴ磿
ͬŭˣ͸ҵġʡ
֪˵ԲӦ޳磬۽һ˵ڣء
ţӰˡһеӦ޳·ʲôҿ顣ڣǽȥҡҲȻˡ
ĿһӦ޳ʣƾʲôȥ
ƾʦȹ㡣
ǰȥ
㡭
죬ٴתһʿŵˣһǱŵӣüȭ˵Ϲ빫ȷʵڴ˴ء
û룬ʣ֪ȥ𣿡
²֪
üǣҪĴ硣
ɵúܣԼһͳˡֻȷʵģࡣ黹
ӵĶ䣬ɲӰ﷢ƣ߷ߵ˵빫͸ҵģԼáҪĴԼ
پˡ
Ӧ޳һۣӰݵظת
ǵıӰʿ˵Ӧӣ㼴㲻Ǹ빫͸ŰɡǺòǵ£ûҪ͡
ԣӦ޳ĥһ£ĴĲڣ
ȷʵӾ˼ǰλعһ̬ضԹЦӭһȥСˡ
ȣָŮϵһˣ
ЦǾͿŮʲôˡѦУµġ
һӦ޳Ц˵öԡ˸šҴû֮ǰǸŮ
̯̯֣ЦҺθɣ
ʱ˻ص˽ϡӰ̲סʣΪأһ٣ȥúҡû׼һͳˡ
̾һ˵ҾûƭҡҲƽƭҺ棿

ĴҪӣҲġ
ԣӰͷӣͻȻǾߣû׼֪ģ
磬ǸŷӰʯⷻ˹ƽһͥԺ԰пռţֻˮľֻȸվڼɽϣĳ裬
ûˣĿ¶棬Ӱȥ
 

356 򲻹

һٷĹ򣬷ӰٴγŻת˼Ȧ߽һԺ䡣ҩ󣬸ɫҩɹչ¡²оһݡ
æ߹ȥ˸񣺡Сˡ
̧ͷƬ̣΢¶ȣԭϹɫü»һɻް֮ɫʲôˣ
м빫飬ɱѰӦ޳ƫϸ֪ʾ֪ںδ𣿡
Ѱм£
ͷʵǰݼҡ
׮Ƶף˺һ˵ȷʵھǡֻӦ޳֪ȥķ֪

ҾҪĲ˭ȥǻȥ㸸׾ܾݼҵסϹĶͷΪʲôҪǸȢ㣿
üû
Ҳ֪ǸŮʲôĽᡣҲµóϵǣͬİ·˲֣ض֪֮ͬˮԹ빫ӣҲһȥԸסһֵĹؼϡܾ˭ԽȢ㡣ͬ⣬˭㶼üޡ
ҡҡͷ̾Ϣϰˣ빫Σȥףɱνĸ֮ý֮ԣֻҪ㸸״Ӧ£ˣҲùšֵķǡŶŮλףؽڻѳᡣˡŮӣһϼûѡ񡣡
ǳĬ
ӰȴԽԽˣһ˵⻰˵òԡһСǽ㻹Ҫ޸
ϰȻ޴ªȷʵǴķסĿµľƿһɱϹߵ˱ضѶʣ߻ܿܽݼȢţѳᡣһݱˣҪضһѪɱ
ӰСʦδ˹ӵϰףĿɿڴ
ǵȴò԰ף쾹ЩңԵûް޹⡣
飬˵һ֡ôӦԣ㶼òֻۡڴ۵ĴСжΪꡣ
룬Ӱٴνе㣬ȥвͬҾһɱһҲá
һۣӰſڿӡɱ˶ֵ»ȻЮǲ𣿵ʱ򲻽ϹﱳϽɱ˵ܵҲܱǣαطѾظŸɣŵܵһ֮Ǻã
˵˴һ㶣˵ˡߵġ
⻰סߣ
԰򲻹ȳ䶨ٻˡ룬һɵس˸⣬˵ܲһԵƬ̡
ȥͥԺ
űٵ磬ûףδöʲôԲߡѰɣֹԼǷŻ븸йϵڡ
һӵĽǷ侲١νԹ壬һνһеġһֵ֣֮ȫֵĹؼ׵شѨ
ڴĸ֮쾭壬ƽ޲ĴͳȨϵĹңŮĻɸһԶ޸˭Ȣ˭Ϊޣûѡġ
ÿ˵Ľθ̶ʵȡڸӵĹϵңó谮Ͽ統½ѩȻţõ磬¼޺ӵܣ罭ڣΪһƷѡ˸ƷٵŮŲԣԸȫ׾֮СϧǲΡ
С븸׵ĹϵʮԶ֮ĸĹϵãĮо˾½ӻǡ֮ǻظΪĸױɥ漴飬һȥꡣϹ¶ŲʣҲԸ粻ǰⲻԹĳޣ͸ܺ޽ٵضԸТ˳ˡ
߷һ֮µ񣬼ذ׿ԼԼҸҲѾˡǰధ󣬿ͷЮδӹƳ޵ˡ
εǣմķף׵ŮӳǰҪλޣؽڣѳᡣ۳ŮӶ׺ҵĹ԰ʾԲԵֻг޵պıΪ׻һ˻ʾһϡԣǰǲѡһΪҵ·ޣչ¶ڣֱڱѩޣȰȢλŹ°ᡣ
ȻˣĲʤö١ۻŮǧƽŮӣֻҪõ׵άԿ䡣źǣЩĺǸŮԵ
ԣǲֵĿ⾫׼һӽ
 

357 ѡ

ҩϮǻعһһǰ
ϹӰǲǸʲôҩò̵ֲҩѹեѪټϽƷգ˼ᣬϼˡȺȱҩϢƬ̣պضز𣬸޷ֲ
΢̣
¶Σһ˷Ӱֻý͵Ӱϰ䣬ޣʱǿöࡣҿضѹ֣˷ߺԹѵƬ̰֮Σʵ֮ԴʣһֱǳȥԪ
ѲݹѲˣӰٻس⡣
ĺʱ֣Ӱ֪Ӻδ˻һŭ
ʣ䣬ǳԹŮȥ
ˡ
ĻͥԺ
֣ˡߣܵܣº϶ᱻǣû׼˼ء
û뵽һ㣬һ㶣ĥž͵ͷŶϹǣ̫࡭Ҫߣֹһ
ǰҾܵġôΪûظõõһҪһ֮һȥ᷻ʱͿˡΪƾǿԽǽ͵κһҲٺáαصȵ˿̣
һ󸣿Ҫʲô
ʼ磬ЦһŮ
Σҡͷ̾˷ѣݼҸӣͲһˡ
ʵֻҪңһˡ˭֪ôģʱҲú֣ӦӰȥæˡ
󸣬ӦӰе˿Ӱһ󣬲ݣԵɣƶֻҪõģĵرҩ߾书ɱ֡Կȡ󡣷£ûӰ£߱λҲǲΪɵ½﹦ҵ֣δ󸣬˿֪ļֵҲͺͿõˡ
ʱӰӦ޳
㣬Ӧ޳ǸͷԵĴͷ졣ȥˣǲ˵Ұʦв˵Ƿɱ˵͸һ˵ûȤӲԣˡ
̾Ƕ˰βŵ˵лáƫˡ
Ƭ̣Ӱ˵Ӧ޳˵ЩҾֵġ
ʲô
˵㣬Ϊ鶼ֻ˵˵ֻȴչ˺ͱȴΪһ㡣֪ԩȴӲԩֻǶģݡЩʲôأȻ㵱Ϊ˱ȫĮԩֺαؾô˵ϼҵֻǵﶷ޹ء˵ͲҪȥΪǣḷ́
˵꣬ʣ㣬ԩģΪʲôƾԩף
ؿһᣬһ֪̾ԩɾٱҵҺԩҵô죿ʱʵ۵ǻһиĸܵܣҲǡ˵ûҴδʲô˱˺Ͱաֻ棬ʲôûʲô벻ȥѹӦ޳ôҡȥš
Ӱֻ֮ʣȴһֵͷ䡣أһ¶µ꣬ǰǰǾȡֲҵĽ֣ԼվҪһЩεġ
ѡ飬סˣûдĬ͵ڰԼ׸ߵԼŬȴ˭ǺܿЦ
ͷԼģ˳Ӹ빬г裬ܸŮТˡǲѡ񣡹ȥǣ˿̣ǡ
ĬȻãȻ¡
ӰûȰ⡣
֪˶ãת˵㣬ȥѾȥҲá˿̻ѡµһ㵱ͻĸףֵТҾã粻⣬ҲȫķӣһȫĵܵãܰﵽӦ޳û˵ˣߵҲǻ㡣ʦ˵ؼоȥжǿôҪ
룬ǿ˵ңҰ㡣
˫Ĵ۾ＤɣϼŰη壬ԥ˾ֱǰƴۡ
˫۾ǾԼĳϤĶˣĹھ˾˵￴ڽڵ￴½ҶҲֱʵеһеļ͡ԼҲÿһ˳ᢵһ̣˸Ĺâ
ƶη
ܲƵʧһǰкξ壿
ãЦЦӰлл㡣
 

358 

սǣͼ߹
С㣬үˡ
һæʣôˣ
үȥԺ֪˵ʲôүϡȥˣҾȡ˵ү鷿ûһ͸үرףүˡү𣬶̿źţүͱץס
Ƭ̣Ǻݺݶ㣬Ըת
סȰС㣬Ȼغһ°ɡҵڲȥһȥˡô죿
Ƭ̣̾ҿǵߣŰѳ̶ڲȥʣһȥ
Ͳܻȥ
ҲȥֻǶԳ̶¶֡Ȼ޿ɱܣҪԵġϻغ߾ĸںβظ
ɡ
ûµġϽȥɡ
벻취ֻȥת˿Ӱãҽ˸ֻ¾ͳˣͷˡ
ġϢһҪ߱ڣа취ýϢġ
㵱ЩҵǰҲƽȥˡĥţ˵תҾĸ˶Ŵݻıؾ֮·ҶĻһҪסҪҪ£Ȧס
üӰصصͷ
鸮ǰ̧ͷҰΣ˽ȥСڱüŪۣûпᡣǽƣ鸮̶ݸ߲ȵǳ̬³ĽܿҪ군ˣǱضæŸӮڡ
ͨ佻ıؾ֮·ϣƽȻڵȡ
˿ʣ̶أ
үŭү¸ү˵£˼ûʲô
үأ
үү˼ţˣҩ
޵Цһ£̶һռܴܰſ£治

ܼңȣݼҵ׼ӦˣѾӦˣ
΢ƽ̲ػش𣺡үξְûԤСʲôү˵ɡ
Ƭ̣鷿ȥֻ˵һöܼҲҪѡסҳǰһǴС㡣ǸˣΪԼһ·ɡ
΢üƽ˼Ƭ̲תͷԸСһ䣬Ȼϡ
߽鷿ԶԶһ
үСûȴƫ˵вӲھ˾˼Ҳϻظøǲ֪ôҰµġһתͷͰѸ¶ⶶ§˵˸ɸɾ
⻰˵òԡȥӴСʱ򣬾˷ȷʵ˵ˡû׼Ĳˣ⼸κ˶ѡ㼱ʲôѽ˵ݼҵߥްɣҪүԺϹ£үô𣿿ôɾǸү¡Ĵȥ٣ӶĸӶˡ
ļˣŵ˼ң͇Nɪˣ
ֻ˵ʵ¶ү⣬Ҳֲ
㡭
⾲ƬڵսŶ롣
ѡһŮһķؿǳϹ̧ͷͫʶһ
һһ⣬Ůһżһ˲ƺգۼͿ羡˶ʮĹһŮȴƺԵ
ס׿˵ӴСˣ˵㲡ˣ㿴ͦġ֪ΪҪװѽ
ȷʵˣҹͻȻˡ
ѽүҾ˵ѽһ˵ɣСĲͺˡⲻǳϲ̱ؼҡ
ƺûĻ߽鷿˸һ˵˵˳屶ļױźҪȢңȻǮҾһҩ͸֧ԪΪۣգۼ䲡ͺˡ
һ
ҩǧƽҲ򲻵ġǵÿ˼ֲ㡣ֺԶֲ
㡭ʲôү㿴
лҵ˵ȥɡ
ٴһ
ǶȥһϹ°ڰ֡
ŹϣŮһţһվţ岽ľ룬˭Ҳû˵һ㾲š
ܾúһһٵؿʣ𣿡
û뵽˵ôһ仰Ϲһ㶡
ʣڵʲôأŮȡĳ߻
͵ü
ôڵ𣿡
Ƭ̣ϹͻȻڵػΪʮ꣬𣿵ϣ޸̫ӣ㲻⡣ߣ̫ʲôã˻ʵۣǻ¶ӣ̫Ǹǿö𣿿ֻо˾ˣ¶ȥ˾ˡСҵĻһ𣿡
 

359 

ŮĮϹ¾µûţ˵飬ǷŭİԼҪ޸淸䵽ջ޲ȥҲҵġݼԸѾˣܱڼ䣬ҡ£ǿöࡣ
̫ãһŮͷһ٣˵Сֻ֪һһάĸף˾ˣѵһͶ죻˵ҵĻԼηԣ˵永ץסֺ»ʣһ˼Т˷ѻ᣻һϸ˵ظ֮μɹ±˻飬Ͻٵ֣ѷӰһ١
ŮһʱϹڿڿˡ豭û
Ѳ꣬ʣյ˵һжҵĴ
ԡһжҵġһ£䵽𣿡
Գһ£ʣѾӦݼҵĻ£
ߣ޴ȥĲκˣͺúùɡǱǽ淸ףݼ˭Ȣ㣿ұΪл޸ܾأ˼һת͸ٸŮѡءΪ𣿽ʲôõģ
⻰ӹһֵĹ⣬ΪʲôὭڣˣ
һ㶣ϹĿһ˵һʲôʵġúôڸﶼȥΪ̶ǰ;룬ͲҪ¡
ˡŮ߽С
ְڡƽӦŶ롣
ѴСͻ佻úտöһˡͼذװȸģƽǹ
С㣬롣
ٴο˸һۣתȥûаûб⣬ΪЩù֪ˣϹ뽭ұгͻԽġ
С㱻佻Ϣһ㴫˸ۡ׮ƵĻҲͬ½ֻֻ֪ﰵѹϽͬУܶ˱˴ǣƣƵȴҲ
鸮ƶתСľϪϣķ塣
ǰķǵƻָ˰˳ɣã㵽С򸽽棬Ѱ䡣ûһסصǸ˵زأֽԼֻһʱţֶѡ
ķǾ֮࣬ǻɴ߲ܣû°㲢й䡣ֱʱҪһµľӣķһڴӦձԼС򸽽ľϪ¡
һ·ϣòǣķǰٵػشõˮ©ֻ˵ԼȷʵʶһЩ߷ۡ
һӣЦӯӯʣķǣʶĳŮ𣿡
Ρû˵û顣
ƭҰɡһᣬ˵ʶ㡣
һЦܵ߷ӣΪҾһֻǡڣһ档ڶμǡʶһա
ʶˡ
ʶֻǼһ䣬ķʼ磬ص˵ҵྩһ˵Ȥ𣿡
ʲô˵
˵ϻһ֮ڻʹǱͳľ֮ľïʢʢҩġ赭дת˻⡣
һһ룬зŹ⣬֮ô֪ģ
˸ҿһʹͼʱָҿ
˭㿴ģ
Ĵ⡣һһˣʦڲ鿱ҵġͼӺζãûʡ͵һ
ԽԽȤ׷ʡ
̸˺һᣬ뿪Ϫ¡ķͣѾˡʧѦʣӣҾò£ʱش𣬲ֱԻ˰ɣ
Ի󣿡ЦһԴ˿ԷʩչԲˬľһЧҲֻһλᡣ˼Ը㣬Ϊξܾأɫɲ
ԼϯҾҪҪǣ˳
ǰҲڸһ̽ĵϸѦ˲һ³ûѯرľӣʲôʣδ
һ룬Ѧ⣬ǡ
߰ɡҹˡ
ķǴѦطׯ԰ͨྩĹٵϣ
ʱӼͷԶĹիһ졣ʱܾ֡ЩͷΰҲڹիû˯־ú֣߳һ
ʱһӰ¥ϣմǰ߹ȥǱӰЩϤһؽеҶ
΢٣˻ͷһϲˣôɡôڳ
 

360 з

ûشܾʣôˣ㣿
΢٣½Ҷ㣬ɣµߵĻЦԸһɣ˳̽ס
ˣܾļЦǾͺáڱ߾ΪگԻؾġҪǡҹˡϢҲҪسͬС
á
Ƭ̣ˮϴϴ½Ҷ׼˯¡졣ȵ̧ͷһһ˴ݵ룬ժĺڽ΢Ц½ҶĻˡ
û뵽ϵԼ½Ҷʣʶң
СǽġҽзӰšݳһš
½Ҷ뿪վã֪֡˿Ƿţʣ㼸ʱʶҽģ
ջظҾʶˣøлʦ壬жʦ㡣
һǸЩĪˣĥһ±ȭ㣬ʲʧˡ
ߵ£ӰŲ˵޷ǲЩġ֮ǰסǼңȥˡҸ˳㣬ɺ̽Ӳ٣Ҿȳš
ͷ½Ҷ߹һ
׮£ϽαڲظڵܵܵİΣҲ˸򲻿Ȧףơ
ĬƬ̣½Ҷʣ㣬ҽ˵ʲô
˵ǿ׮ڲçײؽǣҪɣ˼Ҽ˱ˡ

Ҹ㣬ݼףϼȥԺ⼤ŭ壬ϽظΪϼһɿֵһ٣ŭĹøڼﳭ˼ǣܵܵİοҹʱֻ˸Ѿʱ̣ϸӦ£վҪ˵Ϊ˳ϲһдӼ򣬵մϰףеҪգǴֻʱܽ¡
һռ˵꣬ӰʣǲѾյ׮µϢ
ȭ½Ҷóһš
꣬Ӱüһʯ²ҪԸСǽ㣬Ҫƭһλضйء
ԣ½Ҷҡͷ˵Ҳ룬Ǵּ౨ʵۣ˳̽סʱҲˡʥ顣
áʱں˹Ȼظ
ھ£½Ҷȥ˹ȥë嶯Ĭصͷ
Ŀʧڴ⣬½ҶߵǰźڰҡڵӰͷءִ㾫׼ػصĿռʣ¶أ
һҹȥˡ
îʱѾվڴǰ˼䣬Ӱһһæȥ
ߣһֻĴָһЩĴӶ׷ţƺʶ˸۾ٿˡȣһͷͼ豭Ա߳һֻϸС衣
ĥһ£ʰϿ˿
һСֽдС֣ҶѶϻأйΪްʻ飬ջƸ²ӭȢⰵأáţڴǰһ豭һֻССӡ
ϸ飬Ǵޣֽ֮һ档ȻһֻС豭ڴߣץֻӰϣĬĬ
ͬһʱ̣ӧڻ԰ڵ
ϼ˻¡ǻظˣϹ³һܣ¥ܱܵϽڲظҲϹ·˼
½Ҷ𣿡
·̣ձض־
أ
峿ǣҹءͬеǷӰȥǷ򡣵ɲӰ½ҵȥ߷ܶΣƺĲھǡܾһֱڳ⹫ɣ²²֪
һᣬӧԸ´ȥ˵ݼóʮĲϹµĳŮ˵ϲʵᡣվҪྩĽͷβ
㵣̲סʣˣ龩ǣðɡ»öƷԱŮƣһȥϼұض档
ߣ÷зǻἱɣΪʲôͻȻˣסҪ̩֪
һǡ
˳ӧ鷿վƬ̣Цһжȥ糯ʼһӰ
ϹüëһӧĿ¶⡣
һ̺Ӱ̫鷿ȥ
鷿½Ҷһܷӡ򿪿꣬ʵ۳˼Ƭ̲ʣ֪ǽдʲô𣿡
ˡĩ֪һսټԸٶȽͻؾǡĩ̶Ҳʡ
ףúáһ·ٷذɡ
ĩߵл¡ĩˡ
 

361 

뿪ʹ½Ҷֱ߷ƹ˵빫Ӳ߷Ĺӽ½ӻ԰ֻѩˣֻҪһǧƽġڽķϣͲƽˡ
ʱ˲ˣ½ҶתȦȴɣæ߻ʣȥˣ
֪ЩǼҵܶΣȷʵ֪
˼ţ˵ټЩӡ
Ŀˣƹ̾һߡԺӦ޳ǹ
޳ӣϹҪС޸Ǹ檡±ӣٵˡ
סǹӦ޳Ц֣ǸŮ⡣ȥзӰæִеġ
û뵽̬ȣƹ֮࣬ؼԹȰһ࣬Ӧ޳ת˵ðɡš
ƹӦ޳뿪߷˹յؽ˵¥ضϲϼҵ£Ȼﵽիȥͼ徲շǵĶԻü˼˺ܾվȻ뿪¥
ˬķڷׯ԰˽յĺʿ߹˵СѰ빫ӡҿǶ
ã
˵빫͸빫ӻ˵ӡҪϸ˵빫ȥãߡԼȥ
½ķİ̡ǴΪҵʦ˸ΪΪҿ𣿺ߣƫȥѹͻȻˣԭ͵͵ȥֺáĽڣȡΪ
Ƣʿ˵շӰͬУƺʲô¡
֪Ƣķ͵ԼĶѡڷƢѦ˽ӣշ˵м¡
Ŷ޳á
˵Ӧûãֻ㡣
ɡ޳ǸèС¶첻á
շܿˡ
ĹӣշҥԶУ˵ףݼóʮҪӭȢС檡ȲˣǼΪϲȻСѳᡣ
ɲˣķէ⻰ɵһ㶣̶͵̧ͷʣʱ£
֪ǰһݼҵ׾͵ϸϹ飬Ͻ̱ƭظƵǲò˸УʱϼӦ¡ճʱͽ˸һֲٰġֵǣһ緻侹ԴԵؿʣƺɢġ
У½Ҷ˳ǡȥ߷ҹӣ޹Ƭ̣շ˵޳ӷԸýӣûᡣҾá۵ʵΪΣǱϾȹӣüȡ
û뵽ôһķƬ̲˵շ֪ϸ˵һ顣
һ顣
꣬Ϣ˵ذɡȲҪ޳
ǡ
շˡķ̾һһ֮Ŀ⾫׼˼Ϊնڲ½Ҷȳٶܾ̩ӰȫСǳأֻҪסϽΪʣȥ
ֻƱһڣһᣬˡǾͻȻٺͺãؾϼҳ֪꣬ǵںδõѱ˵ƽߥһ½ңһУҩһ뱸ٶϹ֮Ю֮϶ӧļıһߵ
ԣѦ̲ס˵Ǻܱ빫ӻû
ҡͷΣһǡôǵѨϡһ֣ǵӦԾͳˡȵݼףתرȡϹ׿ϣѳɡӧݴͣóȻٶҿɢģΪ˴̼άǵ˼ææ뷨Ӿǡʦܡ
ǡѵӲ𣿡
ûشķǸ߽У糡
Ӱһ
һӶֽͣװһֻСͲĲϡڸͷţǸ򡣡
ָķԾңһӰһš
ڷǰķǼ˺һŷԸѦ˴̽飬ȴʱʲôû
ʱԶһ׳ĴɽٲȪԴżᡣ図ϪŰ㡣¥ϣǰһ̡кڰӽĵһߣ뷢԰ף塣
ִݺǲŵ֪Ҫҵ˰ˡЩʱѰļˣֵ֪λߴͯɽ®ѣóؽ𣬺˵˵Ȱļ˴·ɽˡȴҪԼ塣
Ϊ⣬ֻ÷㡣
 

362 Ҵ

糯ɢǽͷȻǶҵ£̾˳ٵ֪תа˼ȻԸδҥɢڸ
Ϲ¸ջص鷿پˡ
үѽ֪˭ڽӡǲðš
ʲô£
һķ䴫÷з˵ÿʲôŮƣʲôѳᡭǶ˵ˡɫظϹһɫ飬ߥ޵С佻󣬿ɳ̸ĸඡͷû׼ǳ̸ĴϹ˵ģĨڡ
û뵽һҹɫЦͷϹɫ䡣Ǹ䰮ӵˣ˼ҲԼһİӣӣˣüҷ
һӵɫδǳ⣺ȥҷ
ļӶɫ̱˷ɱȥʱС˿ŹˡվϹֱ¸ѵӣƽСŽүҪС㡣
˭
ܾˡ
һϹ²ɵüžͰڰ˵ǶҪˣŮܲףء
ǡ
ͻȻȥ¸ˣ벻ͨæУүԵ¶ˣ
ԣ̧ͷһۣ½Ҷˣܾ㲻úܹӲҪ¶ˡϽã̫ƽˣ𣿡ߣϹü˼Ž˹½Ҷܾŵıζľ֮ɴװ֪
⣬ܾƽĻʣ䴫ŵĽģ
ǵġ
Ƭ̣ܾתˡ
ƽ˿
ʱ֣ڳԷһδŵС̣ܽүܾץˣ⡣˵̳ȥ˵Ҫþүη
һףܾԼĸ磬ͷææ˳ȥ
⣬¡ڵϣףͷҲɢˣԵǱһĻٺ޺ҧȴǿһЦ˵ˣҸö˶˵⣬ʲôʱˣ
¡Ҳ֪Ȥֹ֪ٲֹܣܾ˵ͽеãˡ˵һСûˡϽȰȰүΪ󣬺Ϊ󡣡
缷üŪ۵ذʾԼȨһ£ֻű˵Сڼܼ͡ǣȥС¥һᡣ
ʱӵѺ½С¥ܾԾС
ˣô⣿
һۣܾɷظ˸ҵѾߣְѵʵ¡Σ߹һᣬʣﴫ÷з˵Ӧݼҵף˵ҪȢϲ
û뵽ԣû뵽Ϊ˶ǲݣĬһȻЦЦҵȨףûǽ˽㡣
Եúܲ԰׵ܾ˵Ƿŭϧ˵ô죿
ҡҡͷ
СǣҶˡйʲȥû˼ҵĻң˵ȥˡ
һ㶣̧ͷһ˿ϣ
ڳе˲֪ȥˡ
Ŀٴȥ
״ܾЩʹ̲סס֣˵׮¾Ҫ㡣СǣҴ߰ɡ뿪ྩȥ
ٴס
˫۾˵֪ұȲɣǡ˿ҪȴߡСǣ㲻ҪٵˣҿԲ٣Ҵ뿪ǽһߣߵԶԶأԼȥ
Ŀ
һ̣зӿŸжվǰô˵ãϧ
ǰȳޣ׵ޣֻж̶ʮաǸʱ֪ڲھǣȷʵĳæµʶ֪ͬȳޣþѰɲ֪١ǣǰڶȴ˳ʱˡɽеܵܣܣзӰܾЩˣڹս
ر顣ãж顣
ƿߣ˵磬֪Һܺá㲻ġ֪һȦףնΪ˴̼ңȻץסǡȥɡҪٹ¡
СǣǡݼһӣҲ֪㲻ңҲãҲ¡ңҴߣõն˵ţһ档
ҧҧᶨҡͷƿ磬Ǹˣ塣ĲŻڳΪΪҹı
 

363 ڻΪ

ȥܾҲѹֲסе㺣ץס󣬽ӵ뻳С
Сǣô𣿡
ûлشֻеޱȵί𲻹˶ȥѰꡣһҹΪ飬ӰΣ֪ǲͣΪᡣ鰮˳ͬģŮɷɶ˻
ʪڼͷܾӵסĽв֪ʹˡ֪᲻ΪģԸػĸעлӦ
ĬУֻʱѵһ졣
һ̣һϺȣܾ쵰ſ
һܾʶһ֣תͷһ
űײϹŭݵվſڣָ߳ʣ㻹ǳ͢١Ůܲף㾹ȻЮ¡ҵĸϷŮܾﻹûûг͢ԭܾ𻰣ҵӾܵϷױٵŸ磬ٴץסߥϹǰײһĻ
ܾһӺ洫ףϴ˴ӵ۵Ϊѽ
ڽһ㶣ͷһһŮݻòĸһԵĵϵ߰˸ϸļҶѽۡƺûصˣǰɨһڵǺܾ΢΢һЦϴˣСŮˡԼ̽Сǽ㣬֪Ϊˡⲻǰɡ
һͨĹϹ΢΢üȴˡ۽һбڵʣ⻹ûļҵģôҴǸ
߽ģҴҽϹţ游ǵٸϹٷһ赭дػشȴµһϹһ㶣Ҷ޲
ٸϹٷ̷ȻʵʦʶλȻΪκһɵ䣬ΪٹٱʡҪίʱʵҲѯĸ߹ԾֻŮϣϹҲҵ˾͸ˡ
¶ļɵϹкЦ
С游ԽĿȾȻöЩٳ֮еİݸ߲ȵͣķӭ˿üƽϣ˵ϴ˲ҺС˵˵ɣȻѵ䴫ģ˵ϴŮƣ
һϹź
СŮʧˣ֡ͣƬ̡
Цһ£Ϲǿ˵ǺáԼ˵˵ʹ˸ɫƽˡ״ֻ÷ԸҶ赹¡ظ档
ˣū֪Ȥһɢֻƽĸ˵Ժ涢ǡ
ﰲˡ
ѾܾĻᣬ˶߹˵ϹãҲˡ
㣬䴫ž㣬û뵽Ҳڡ֪жԲߣ
룬΢ҡͷ˼ȴ֪ǷǽжĬ
״Ϲ˼һ˵ʱȥ游游˵棬ֻлڻ鷽Ϊϲߡ
һϲǿڣܾæʣڻ飿ô
ϵĽϹŰԾɥ׳ͥѵΪһ¾Ͷ˼˵游˵ĸ֮쾭壬ɾȨϣֻҪһּСǽͿԻڻ顣
ʵۣ
̫ҲУʺҲԡָͷ˵游˵漰ǵļ£⳼˵áֻ붯ȥ˵׵ˣǿӱ¿˵̫һּܲͽˡ
⻰ܾһ˼
ĥ˺һᣬ˵лá磬㲻Ҫ¡ҵģսֻҵݼҵĴͨڮ㡣㻹ǸϽظ壬̶һ˵Ϊá
Сǡ
΢Цһ£رʾģҿ϶Ȼȥɡ
ת飬Ϲž˵ˣ˵վ벻ӵģȻظһ³
οֱ֤Լһܰ壬ܾڸϹˡĬĬ߻佻ǳ˼šϹŵʾ뷨ıϣβ޶ȵؽضıߵ޺ı
ܾˣٿű׵ĸ磬к޺ޡݰΣԸѰͷȥҾܾЮҸţӲǴСˡܲ£һڶ
ϢɿͳϸűӧЦҥЧˡ½Ҷˣܾһæ˸ţ¾׸
 

364 뽲

ȥӧվ˺һȥ԰䡣ʯ϶һֻӣιԲݡ
ֵؿ˿ӣʣ䣬ô׽ֻҰã
ķ͸ҵġ˵ëɫӶңľС͸һ澵ӡģù
Ѿһ澵ӡ⻬ڹ⻪ƺתžϣһգ˺֡
ȵؿžӣٿҰãӧ²֣򴽲ʣҵģ
С򡣡

ңϻڻʹűķǽĴ˵ϸһ飬Ȼ˵ӧ跨һŻʹͼȥû׼á
ʹĵͼ
԰ǽͳ죬һС¡
ǲǺģ
ܡԿ䣺Ҷ˵ϴεֻǸᣬһ㶼ƽϡҪӣˡƭҵġ˵תͷסĲԣȥͼôҲΪ˲己̨ӧûУ˵ѽ
ʮʣûķǵפذɣ
ȻûС
㡭ӵõˣ㻹ʲôɱ˳԰ɡ
һۣ׼ԡ»Ҵȥôĵ϶ܸˡ
ķǵȤƺͷӧƲѣǵͷáͼϼҵ֪𣿡
ûС㲻Ƕô
ϡҷԸڰѻɢȥܾȻȥϸץס¡ʴ˽ȥ˵类ñףܾܲԸ
Цһ¾׸Ǵкôҥɢúãӧ
Цӯӯؿ佱Լӧָˣ§ס˵ü㶼ӰĴй䣬ڸҡ
áһιӰɡ
üëһݺݵһֻۣüʵݡ
ͬһʱ̣ܾ½Ļ
ڻ飿
ԡҾٸĻеΪ֮ƣǲ󶯸ɸֳ꣬ȷѪ꣬õİ취̫Ķּ̫ǰ̣δвͨ
ξһ֣סȥ̫˵˵
סļ磬½Ҷʣʦòĸô˵
ʲôʦСǽŮ٣̫Ԥ׮£кβɣ
ҡͷֹܾҾûô򵥡Ǳˣڹ᲻˵԰꣬һȥȸ˵˵빬밲̫Ϥ
Ƭ̣ܾȰס½Ҷˣظȥˡ
ߺξ½Ҷɫʣôˣ
̾һ½Ҷҡͷ˵ĲһҽΪնǻ㲻ǺܶΣδزǵж

Ӱףˣһ԰ɡةӻд󰭡ʱգٻտŬ˿̽Ϊãò塣
ǰȻظɡȲҪ궯鶨˵
Ѻͳţ½Ҷ߻ػ˺ܾͻȻʣ㣬ҽɵĹϵΣ
ܺãǰЩʣɲ֪ȥѰܶΣû֪ȥˡ֪˲˵
ʲôʣ
Ҳ֪ΪϹ°ɡò׼½Ҷ֪٣ӰǴס˻
ٳ½Ҷšڡ˵ķôʱ˿ɸ֣ɱ˷Ż𣬻ǰǾߣʲôӡóȴӰ
ԽԽݺݵסȭѡڡһٱ顣
½ҶԷݣһöӡ
ӵķλ߶Ƭ̧̲ͷʣҹ۹ƽ˼ҵӵܡǳҰɡ
˶٣ɻش𣺡ۡ
ȻˣΪĥЩʱգֻΪ𣿡
ȷʵǡôΪ˱⡣²޶⣬ֻ⡣
뽲
ȻʱھְԺԪʮһѮ볤ƽΪȻʳ֪д£
һᣬʣԺδ
ྩ
뿪ྩˣ֪Щྩʲô仯𣿡
תתͷɻش𣺡»ʵǻ꣬нᵳڡֻةκΪ׵ְܾȥ̩صǣ곯˼ӣԭα٢žΪ̰ʵ۾̩볯Эܻ
ɫؿһᣬʣ֪ӴӺε֪ľְ
 

365 һ

ɳϿҵػش𣺡»˺ܶ๦ػصشԺ鵽˾ɵ
Ƭ̣ЦЦǸˡ̩йϵ
С
ͷ̣𼸸ӣ¼ӣ𼸸ٷ¼Ƭ̺һ䡣
Žĺڰã̾һԪʮһ¶ʮ壬ҷ빬ּȻûп¼ľģֻһ塣µһ룬͸ˡµʱһ̫һյ衣壬Ȼ˵˵侪ˣһ¡Ҫμס壬һϸڶܴ˵壬¶ϱ̸Ҫԭⲻظߡ
͵ȴû׷ʡ
Ĭ˲֪ò³ĸ֣޵ܲ

Ҹ˳صУƾȫڳһҹîʱδ롣ҼҵСԣү˵ҵСܵţ뿪һʱ䣬˾³ٻûʣүˡҸ˼٣ԭ³ʮؾǣǡҾûлȥˡ
˵Щƣر˱ۣչǰڤڤ֮л⣬㽫ྩת̩ɡ
ȷʱ˵ǡ³壿
һμүǴġұǾԺһͨ齳үʶү壬ʱԺһ塣ټҲųΪ١ĬϢ˵Թŵۻʼңѵѵܹ֪ǵֵα
ȥˡɶϸȴȫߡ˼޽⣬óһֽ
һʱɴ図ǶȥĿǵıӰὫӲң̾£ĲҰˡԸµյס
ɽ⣬ӭδ˵һСȻתһӰһ׼ȷɵֱϣצָָϵͲ
糣ôˣ
󡣡
Ը図ºӣתʣϢ𣿡
ҡͷ
ӣֽ
ӹһҽףǼΪ檡
㵲ѣʶذһֿ˼飬رɷףһӶֽסĲ׷ʣף׷ʲôˣ
ľٶһˣ͵ؼһݺһֱ֡һʹʶһ֡ಡɵشݵ㵸һᣬͷʧྩķ
ͬһ図æʰֽһˡ
˲ֱĵۣɴƬ̣ݺһȭྩ
Ƿ۵糸ȥྩƽ߽鷿ǰةκ
£Ҫ״վ׸˾ܾеƷãŹ¡в޷졣
ţ¡˭
¡ǻľ˾ˣǰһֻ񱴸̫̫Т˶䣬ּ׼ؾסҵӪġ
Ƭ̣ʵ۵ͷ¡׵ģܲĸϲַˣ
£¡ûܾ޹Ҳ硣ܾ֮ǰ¡İӣ˭֪û£¡͵õĿˡҿǲľѰŴѡ
ʵü
κһæ˵£Բӡܾçײˣбضᡣ
᣿ߣة࣬Ϻܶ˿¡½һ·ţҵ˸ںһذΪ͢٣Ȼӷ֪ͣ˭ôĵӣ£Ӱ켫ϳܾԶҲԴңشõѪưﾭҲûġ֮ǰֶƴ󰸣޽Ҳ²ǡذɡ
һǹְֶָκвæ˵
ߡֻʵʵ˵£¡̫׼ؾģô־̫󣬸صһᣬڵ֯
룬ʵ۴ּӧ빬
ӧܿƽָأȷд¡䣬õ˵ܾƷץ¡п˱š
ץ¡ʲô
֪Ϊʲôɣܾ˾ٶй˽ɣ׸󡣳ð²⣬ܾ¡оԹԵѡ
£ܾ֮ǰּ˼ӻڸģƺ䱾˳ֹ԰ݰٴһ䣬ʵκ֪ةδΪã
Ƴһۣκش𣺡£øٴá
£ةԲʣȻӧ顣
 

366 ׸

ʵףة࣬ȥʣػ
ּ
κˣƽһӧҲŸˡ鷿ﰲʵ۾ʣӧ˵ɣܾ׷ʲô裿
»ڮٵ£֣ܾ̩ܡǰܾڳĺӼͷΰ̩Ҳȥͷ鿴˰ͣաڼǶסڸĹիЩ΢׸ΰͳţǱȥ
ߵˣ
ǵġһʾ֪ˡ
ܿ죬߽̩ľٶһֱжңʵһʹȻʵ룬һЭܻʮڷԼͷȥ
£²ⲻΪ˹ֻΪ硣
˵ôã
֣ش𣺡£ִܾ£õİѱةĶʦةپɡ
ʵû˵ĿЩ䡣
֪ӧ鷿ԣܾǰԶȴڴӵ۵֡
ţκˡ
֪ԭίβܾ̾ôçײƽǰ״˵̫Ķ䡣ⲻԱ𣿡
ʦǾкСǡգݣ񣬸˳ϲĹһͷһţǲŮҲ˶ԴοСǣҾͬ⡣
һߣκֻļȰֺ޺ô㲻׼֡ȽڹȥȱסԼܰæ𣿡
һ㶣ܾ룬ǿͷ
κӱ¿ü̾ϢһȰܾ㼱ҲáյķǹɢģΪ˴̼һǾлˡ
ã̧ܾͷʣ̫֪ˣ᲻أ
ǰ£ӱ³˼Ƭ̲˵ȻʣҾ͸˵̫ĿʴȰҪԴ˭ԴʵۣǴĸԴ׵ܵܣǺý㡣ɼǵĺѩֶŮǹϲֺ飿ϹȷʵŮ٣Ϊõ̫Ρ
ܾü
һ£˵ŶϹȴס˵빬Ϊ̫ȴ׼ТҲ²⣬̫ϣס˶ӵߡϹ¾ٱйϹ˽ڣʱʱַң⣬ɱһ档֮꣬غ£һԲ̫ŷġʱǨûоԵɣ̫ǲġңȥ״С㲻һأ
һôܵ˼ܾɵ÷ûʣܼСܽүˣʥּ
һԶԷ򸾶һۣܾ߳һں
ּ⣬ֶ˴˿Զ̾Ϣֶļ磬㿴˰ɣȦ׾Ϊ׼ģ㻹ܾлʵ۳κβǣٴʱ˿̲Сʵ
ҡͷԶԻ鷿ˡӱ°ο˼ŸˡվԭطãܾȻ߻Լķ䣬һԸ˼䡣ȥ£˼
ϸգƽץסߥ޻ʵּȥĹְ˼һ£ԣԹۺЧͬʱԶԵ̲ɡ׸Σ˾ɸ½ΡǶƽǮѫһְֱ̲³ޭݣĸǺ̫Զ֧á
ֶǴˣ֪ܲʵ˶ƽڣⷢӽǵ뾩׸̲һְκĽ
ְܾϢ͵½½ҶڷϣݺݴӣСˡ
ܻ˺һȰ˵ҶҲáȦ׾ҪԸеˡȰѳ̶ڲȥɢҥԴ̼ȥ̽ӣץסѱڮ׸˹ˣǸǻ¡
ǰô죿ѵʲô𣿡
һᣬ˵޼ƿʩߡ޵ʱ䱸һЩ٣˿Ӳϸֻ²С
ȵؿĸף½Ҷ˵ôǿɶҪˡ
ʲôұǽŮӣĽЩٻǴ󽫾ý⽫Ҿãʵ޼ƿʩҲôɵġ͵һӣü˵ʵ۾ǸαΪ
һηĸ׻׺һ棬½Ҷм¡һ˵ƣı󶯡Щķӣʵڲоͽٻΰɡ
 

367 

⻰ͷԶӣûбԵ˵ĸܺáȻӵͷһĴָʾ佱
½ҶһԴ
ӰⷬԻȺЦЩ塣룬óһСֽд飬ݸһƬϵĸá
ĺˡվڴǰȡȻһֻСֽڲ豭ڴߡֽϸְ֪ܾ̾һ˼ţһߺȴˡ
ǱԺֻ̣ǸԸɨˮ衣Ժ棬ĸһأʳҲҪдϽ̵ĴͬãҺʱʱȰסûǿ佻Ƚ㡣
޵չˣɹºδٵˣʱʱ˶ٵ˻ȥϹǰԣ޵˱Ϲѵ⣬ĸһ˵ϹԼ飬Ϊ˾ŮߣһܼȨٴθ١ˣ޵⣬Ҳﲻϡ
ʱ¥½ӹʳУһʱˡ
ʳˮزһ֪Ƕģǰʳ˳ʣµģҲǸɵģǸҹʣµġ
վãӴ˺ܶ࣬ͷһָ̧ͷӾСˣһתĻ쵰˭Щи˵ģϽȷȲҪǺÿ
ѾͷָֻˡӶ㹻ģȥݸ٣֪ʲô³ȰƢû׼ܻȥ˻ҡҡڰڵתˡ
վס
ʲô˭Ժŵģ뱻үһԺӣŵһ䣬һĹӣĿ¶в
һ壬ʲôã

ͷһ˳վͷһʳ˵򿪡
⣬ʳУ򿪡
Ѷֱӵǵϣһһ
ԣŵӶһ㶡ȻعѾʳͷžһŹֽУӶͷҲˣҲˣѪ
ǹǽУ˵һͶҪйͷûоϡͷҪʳͽӣӾͲԷȥϣԶңԸһ£ҪλӵĴ¡
Ц˵꣬彾ˣֻԺŴһصǽ塣
ʱδϷػ
̣̱ү˼٣񶼲ˡ˵»̲öȡ
ٵһšü˵һѾ̣ܽСѿŵˡ
ʲô
ŵӱҵͷѪģһŹͷ
һ
δһŵӽһѱһؿָʹԼˣηųݻвͼӴһˣͷаһ´ɸߣİ˼Сˣͷһűڵشźδֱ佻
Ժţֻ¥Žա
š
顭һӦ
̣ûӦš
˾Ū飬Һ
ǡδһվɤӴ󺰣ţˡ
һУһ

һ̵ˮӶ¥к£ֱֱ١δ˽˸ҡ
̵ҽУġûȻعॣӴͷǿһǰһڣͷһʹһһӶͷҲˣֱҲѪˡ
ò׵סǱһÿ϶ˣ̵ģҵġ
÷˳һЩ룬ָ¥ļˣıˣҹ㲻Ҹүȡ
ǾӸ¸Ŀ¶Ц㾡ܸ档Ҹ㣬ҪôóԺúȵңҪҾͷŻ¥ˣԸˣӻ٣ǰڳӣҲ֪˭¡ĸ磬ĶӰɣûӵЯҵܻصǣܹٸԭְ𣿺ߣֻܺúõغңҪһŹġٵһʧķ裿кö࣬ͺһֻϡ
һִģֱҭ۾ס
٣һӣȥ硣ԸɡɱҪǰӵĲҪǼͷӡ
⻰˵ö񶾣ûɸ˺ܾã˰סڣļˣˣȥݼңô㡣
 

368 Ƿһ

蹷ҷͣЦżźݻң٣ˡҪ͵ҡˣ͵һûжӵķԶǷΪ˾ȶӣһҵġʱ򰡣û׼ӵӵ
˵˵һ㣬㡣ԼĶӣٸӱ꣬ŽżУƵʧķ衣
ߣ㲻ţúÿšӿɥɡЦǻص¥Ӳˣ豭˵ڶֻСֽš
ԸƵƣǰֽչһ˿¥µø֣ʷһЩֽдٰСֽŰڲ豭ûãˣʮֻСӡ
ǰֽʱ¥ƿ
̣ˡ
ʲô㣿ߣˣͷҸ㡭޶ǣٹ˲ͷϵˣֱϵָۣ¥ϣþһдǲú
˴ʱδȰΣǿȰס˷쭵١
̣ū澾ôСҲƹˤˡˣү᲻ɡ
ߣߣۼ¥Ϻ޶Ǻ˰ûǻķŭ޴йֱ޲ûҧҧгã͵Ͻ̣һطԸȥϽ̵鷳
̺¸һҺ
ܿ죬δŵܻ̣ˡүȥ¸ȫˣȥĻڵϡүס¸ţȥΧĻȥһһ˺ü
Сˣˡããû뵽ϽҲô׺ţһֱ鷿
¸ĺѾϹ¡üʣô£
үȥ¸󡭡үƢ¾ͰӴˡǳȥֹ򷭣ֵúס
дݺһӣڵվûվȣܽԩ䣬ŭشƽټ˻ֱ¸ûٸϣһС˷ɱ̣½үˡ˵Ҫү
½ҶҪ壿
ԡ
ú֣һת˵ȥšŶүȥ˵һ˵үڰҷȵš
ǡ
Цţۣȥ¸ˡ¸ﰧ죬Ͻ̲һ׺ԺšȺ󼸸ȥĻ޲ڵأõӺһȫͷѪػˡ״Ϲ÷ζըˣݺָʣӣҪʲô
ȴҡ·ϣô𣿡
쵰ǳˣˣ˸ҳȥ
ˣץסżУǷˡܼң㻹Ÿʲô
ƣƽҲľѣһַԸҶǰ塣ϽȴҲ𣬾Ժţһִ
ӣӣ޷죡죬ҳȥ׺Ϲ¾ŭӣŭ
ףһС˿޺ˣү̣ү½үסˡ˵ǷöǮҪծٲȥүҪˡ
û뵽½ҶʱţϹ͵شһ顣ȴˡ˲ðûڲöͳţסϹ½еүȥɣҪ½Ҷˡ
ݺݶţϹʱ˲Ͻˣߣס˵ȱٰɣ
͵ƽһڣƽ˸ȥһ˾׸ŻҶֱš
۴ͻȻĸףϽ̻ͷԸȫ˶⣬һٻ鷳͵á
֡
æ²ϸ⣬Ͻ½Ҷڵϡˣ۾úڼ·ˣͷɢˣҲ
ҴҸϳһӵıģ۵ط񣬼һקϹµָߺûˡ½ҶŹҶҪ㣡
Цһ½ҶϽϲ˲ѥӣǰ˼üǷծǮ쾭塣ýȥаӵɣʶ˵ģҶռܸ̾档
һ˵ʱǷǮˣ
ٺ٣ϽǷҵǮҸ㣬ǰʮƽ˵һ黹ʮ֮ÿ껹ǼҽǮȥɽߵǮһûȥǷǷǼһƽˣǼҺģһǷծôأҸҪծ
˶Ǵסһ򣿡
ԣһƽ𣡡һһٵǿ
 

369 㻹

ŷĿɿڴģ½Ҷɷнµͳһֽ˻ΣǽݡһǰǶĸ˵ûǮͰϽ̵ѺǼΪūϽҪôծˣҪôϽ̽ҴߣҾ͸״ϴǶƷԱ״ǲǸ̲أ
û뵽ͷ鷳ϹˡҲ˲÷ˣƿڴ½ҶǮˣһҸ㣬һĶûСǼǸ仧ܽóһƽΰ㣬Ͻߣ㲻ߣҾ͸
νظֿ½ҶЦ㾡ܸ档˭ˣ㶼ûһƽ𡣸浽ǰã㡣
㣡
÷һͻأ𣬡ôˣϵģֵòɿ
תһǶƽ
ƼӰ½Ҷӹһ˿ɫȴǫ˸񣺡ĩݼˣһ
ô˵ƽһ㶡
ϹµŮǷһƽծӦԵܵΪūѺǰҪծȴ⡣аӵɡ빫
㵲ѣƽϹ£ٿ½ҶЦһ½ҶôǮ𣿡
еġȸʱȻʹͣԼҵĲҵʲ١Ǽĸ̰ͼϢǮϼңǼˣĩǰ֪λĸóЩݡϼǷծ꣬һֱˣ˵Ķռ
һԴǣµڳ˶ƿԡ
ȶƽʲôάһ̧֡ۿȥͬʱˡߵĴž׸ĹΪ׵һĹˡұߵ̲ù٣Ű˸١
ϸǰƣùٸ⿴һ¶ƽϹ¹˹֣ϴˣָʹ½Ҷ浽̲˵Ƿ޿ҪծŹδ˷Ը¹һ̲һʣǵһ¡ɡ
浽̲⡭
ȷʵˡ빫޹أ빫Ա㡣ػش
ֵزʵƽϹ˵ϣ˶٣ƽ˵˵ؿ֤ˣȥ֤ɡϴˣ߰ɡ
һϹ¾ٲϡ
һ۵ϵϽһ٣ùһ֣ȫߡһɨľ׸ˣȻλˣһ֤ɡ
̲ǵ۹˾ţӵҲҪ̲ӡ˵ʲôĸҶԣֻϡڣСƼƣͷģһһɢȥ¸ܡ
̲ţƻͨ½ҶϹ¸һʣòɿһŽ˵ϼˣһ½Ҷթƽ棬һιģŹ֣תͷʹ˸ɫһȥֱ򸮡
ű½ҶϹ¸浽̲ӧһһĥ˵ȥ
ӧ֣½Ҷһ⣬ȴûϹۡվһԣӧƬ̣ԵδˣЩ־ݵα𣿡
飬ǵױʡȥһʱ֪½ҶԾصǵ־ݡ
˿ӧιڵطԸȥ顣
ʱ󣬸ùٻˡ
ˣǵıʼ־ϵһģһ˵ȷʵ¡һνʮ򣬵ˣд˼ЩƱȫĸ½ˣ½δã֪˵Ķ󵱼ң϶֪Щƽ䡣
ٴסˡʱ־ǳϣ½˹ĹߵߣּҵҲˣ޶֤ĿŵĶթû֤˵塣
״½Ҷһ֣ϴˣ˰ɣ̿϶õóǮҡ֡
һԶ㡱ı飬Ϲ¶ͷôǮĵؾӪ˶ʮ꣬ͳõóǮƲᳬʮƽҧã޺޵롣ûǮҾûǮ
˵ܻ½Ҷҡҡͷ̾һ£ϴˣͲˡǷծǮ쾭塣ҪôһҪôϽ̵ѺңŶϽҲСδ⣬˲õġ
㡭
Ϲ첱Ӵ֣ӧü½ҶһֻǱģϽ̰ɣ
˵½Ҷͷһۣתͷƣԭͳ¡̫ˡϴˣ뵽һ취
ţϹʶʣʲô취
ٺ٣ͳ㻹ծ
˻һڽԾȡ
 

370 Ѻ

˹ߵӧǰ½ҶƽƬ̣һЦһصྩ˺ܶϡ£ϡľǡ߷ǰ˸ҩᣬ衢¶ͨɢ࣬Щҩͳ߼£ĳһƽۡԣƽͳգ۾óϴˣõİ취
ô˵ӧתһ룬һ˹ˡ½ҶϴǷǮҺθɣ
ͷϹ£½ҶаһЦϴˣ֪ΪʲôԽǮҸһܡ
˶
½Ҷһָֻ˵һλɫˣϴ˵ľϴ㿴ͳôӣ׸µ˶͸ˡ
˻һһ
Ϲ¾ȵؿӧʶɱ˲գ۵ࡣιĿ¶⣬˼ƽͬӧЩɡٸǻôסذĿƵӧϣ˴⡣
ӧͬһһ룬ĿȻ
ûѣ½ҶЦһ˵˾ͳ컹λ֪ǹɫ˵̩˶겻ᡣϧϴûˡҲ²⣬ͳҪ׸£԰ɣ˵ľɫ͸̷£ͳĿɾʹۿˡ
Ļƺͱ˽ɣӧ͵סȭ̤ǰһʣ½ҶϹ˵ʲô
Ȼŭ½Ҷһתö˵ɽһҪõǮǡúδ˿Լ֤ͳϴ˻ծɡѹʣҪǵǰ˵˵˳˵һ´ͳİƽ𣬾ɫˣҩ
ݺݵ˼źιӧǿѹס˴ĳ嶯Ȼǽͳ죬ȴܲΪ֪ȨƬ̣˵ǷծǮϣ¡
֪΢תˡ
ӧˣ½Ҷһٴת߹ʣϴˣҵǮأҪϽѺҡ湻Ǯ
⻰ĻˣæУү޹ء
½ҶһҪϽ̣һҪϽҿǹҲɣӧˣƽЩŭʱֻæץסڵʡ
ʵúáԭȷʵҪϽ̣ھֵǮǮҲģϽϽмֵöࡣҪϽѺϴˣʮճǮﲻǮ͡˵иϲз磬ϽòҰӦ׬һǮġ
û뵽Ļܴ½Ҷｲ˶סٶʱͷ˷衣Ҳ˲ʲôǣƲǣˣ˳һغţУСϽǷǮ˰ɡүүȻǴСǷծϽүѺ˵ˡ
̶ֵȣιڿԲˡɤӣվ˹ؽѵ½ҶΪ͢٣ôѧЩ߰ĶʧͳϴˣȼȻǷǮ͸ûծծӻ쾭塣ŮծҲ֮СȻ𣬾гŵѶӵѺΪūɣ˾ϢˣαֵòɿҪʳծɡ
˿ιƽҲ֪ץסѱˣѰ˼ž˵ϴˣδ˵ȰѶӵѺɡﵽǮ١
Ӣģعάһ䣬½Ҷϣδˣͷһ֤
ιҲȤһذڰ֣ˣ׼ƾ
ҧΣϹűһֽԼǩ֣ѶϽ̵Ѻ½ҶΪūԴ˵Ƿһƽծ񡣺ι˼֤ˡ
̺½ҶָֺӼҽѺϽ뿪ϸҲ˳ˡ
ŴϹ¶ݺݵıӰҪˡܾãһֱ佻
佻¥ɽգûеƣԵûްɭԺǰ˰أԺһ㾲
ߵ¥ǰţ
Ӧ
ô£ţ
ƽǰţһ쬵ң
һתһǴ˼£ŷϰײҲҵأֱͦͦվ߲ںԺӰ
Ĺ쾪һϹʶһ亹գۼ֡˶ʣЩô£
ȷ¡ԭһûˡҶȲҪծǷծǮ쾭壬ֵܻˣοǱܣһ𣿡ʱʱͣҲҵĲ͸ŹŹֵ˸С
Ƥ˳飬Ϲѹסľʣ㡭ǲ֣ɢҥԣ£
 

371 һС

Цһٺ١Ķȥˡʲô϶ǶֽţǾӱš
Ǹף¥ȥһ䵭Ļһһٷף㲻Ҫɵرˡ˼ҼӹٽȴûŰôǲֵá
ǰǶң˵ˣʡˡԸɡ߽¥¥űˡŮȰʧϹ´վţʲôûֻͷ
޲Щ㤡һƽСؽүү񡣡
ش˸Ϲ´ӷ˻꣬ɵʣԺôģأ
û˴ó
䳡Ƭ̣һҶүֻһѾ̺һӴɨµʹˡԭԺŴ˿أ֪Ϊʲôˡ
ԣϹ̲סһ¡Ժӵĺڰѹֵܣ˵ƣϾŮ鷳ҲƵر佻һص͢£Ϣ˺һŻ
ƽͬͷġһᣬϲȰүļٵģ½үүûнˡɣ˿̲¶ˡ
ĿãͻȻʣΪͻȻֵôף
үֻǳ˲֪ʲô£СԸŵˣ̴ȥС㲻ȥү鷳ŴġְãʱϢˡǻûˣο
ûشʣĵ𣿡
¥Ļͷû¾ͽ˸
ٺ;Ĺϵˣ
ǵġ
Ĭһᣬ˵ö
ǡ
۵ؿŴҩϽ߹Ǳȶ˺ۣѻ˹ȥһٶ򰤵òᣬҪ˺ܾˡ
Ժ棬Ժδߡͷף֪Ǳҧˣˣؿرҡȥ佻󻻰ජҡ֮¥ϲ֪ʲôһ̱ǵĹζѬòУһˤڵϣ˸С֪ǲǿĵͷһͷֱۣ˲ÿˣǸæӻϷ߿ࡣ
ǿߵùδԾСҪϸϸʣ١
ű͵佻ǣźδǰ͢׼״
ݻûڣϹ¾ʣƼģʲô
һ
ȻشϹرʣ㼸ʱӧ˹ϵ
һæ⣬үûС
ûУߣҾú֣εºù࿴ɽˣԭӧѹôظϵ̲ߣֶΡǺֶΣ٣Ҿ㣬Ҫ˴ݸϢϽݸӣȥƵġ
ǡ
ûˣͣ㡣Ψʡǿ
û뵽״һӻңֻűϴ
ӻְߣϹ·ԸƽﵱֵȫشʮһӴֻңװ׸˼ҽڷӡ㶢Ŵá
ǡ
ȥ˷ȡǧӣѰլӰѾߡ﹩񣬺þۺɢǮƸѰ˼Ұɡ
ƽһɿصͷǡ
ﾲˣϹ¶ţأľѡ
½ҶĻƺֻϹ£ӧǰã˰˷֡ٴ࣬һ亹֮˿ܾ̽Ϊ˭£ߣҲҪϽߣԱȫ
̺󣬳Ǻʮֵƨȫذһٰӡ
ˣƽŽѵ˵ι£ϸҪøĹءȫЩʹסЩ佻ҪʲôȥٳǷǣүĲ㡣
ǡ
Ŀƽˣδվԭس˼šһηʮѲѲǴ̶һݺݴ㣬۵ҪȴҲۡ
Ǹ˼£˵Ƕίˣ̻ǵõġСûˣȲȷúõȥٸʲô˷ˡ
˴ͷɥسǡ
ϸͣˣºĻϣƻ
ڵϣϽ̺޷ȵط˺һڵһѾס½Ҷֱ۽е磬Ϊʲôûҽȳ
ûǻ½ҶƬ̲˵յúܡҪǽȰ־ݣֽЩ˵ǣδɻùȥ˼䣬ĵܵܣճˣܰѻſ£ıԲС˼ڲͻȥأ
 

372 ʹ

ѵ˵ܼܵ䣬½ҶŰҪծͬʱ״ӣ̲飬ӧ̼٣ιĵȵȾϸ˵һ飬ӰϽţ޲Щľ
˵꣬˵̣֪˰ɣҪǽôӣǰô̵棬ûһᣬˣ鷳ߣ׸ҲˡǸҲ²ε˾¡
û뵽ôۣϽβʣҽô죿
²֪Ҿа취԰ꡣ˰ҹҲˣȥЪšסʵںĶ׼ȥϣں֪𣿡
ҡҡͷվϽ̼ģ˸Ҿǡү
ϽȥϢ½Ҷʣ㣬ҽ˵һô𣿡
ҡͷʱûСǽȳүЩ˱ְ㣬ǰȫġ㲻ƽûлᡣʣµֻдСǽˡ
š
Ҳ鵽ݼƸδϢҸ㣬ҲȥϢɡУӧض㡣һҪġ
ȵĴ̿ͣ½Ҷصصͷ
һȷʵǵİš
һŸԼļƻţԸӣºݻŭ١мǰ֣׼ϴˮ¥ҵӣѺ޷ҵ̡
ϸûиֻ֣мٲΪ¾ϹǱŲƾ
ͬʱòֽͬдʮŽݣѱīЩõ򿾹էȥһʱ䲻ͬ־ݡЩݺӦ֮ȫǰ˵ġ˭õأӧɱ˲գ۵ѪãͱɵʹѪ֣ͷϸСҲãˣѸݣһֻץһֽţգۼͰѽݰһգϸɵֻһĹ
ʱ¥áǣ¥дݣָӵܵܵ״ӣҪծ̵ӦԿ鷳ĹӧᣬĵץסϽ£̵ġ
ӧż˵ܣúιϵϹ¡ǣ½ҶŴƵϹ²òӵѺںؾϽ̺ںι׼κһϵضְܾĴ治лùԱϺȻ˳ˮۡ
Ŵʼ֣ҩѬ迴ŵӣʮƽɨӹ˯Լǰ¥Żףָ¡ϣɫϹ±Ůġӡŵӳ佻ȻǨŭڳһСϡ
½ҶϽ̲ãѦ˳һСլӡ
ϲǰ˴صľӣҪ˺֡޹һ˵ʵ˵©죬ǵķҪ򡣡
ˣ
ԡ
Ƭ̣ķİЦȤԭӧŮˡӧȣңȻЦˡ档̫ˡ
״ѦȰӣŮ˲ࡣԶȽϺá
ƫǸ֪֪˵ĺûᡣ
εؿЦ˺һᣬѦ˵ϸֵòɿϽ̱½Ҷˡ
üķǺܸȤʣΣ
⡣
ϸһ飬һЦǺܴӰڰɣ
ǵġ
ܺáݼƸ鶨ڣҲ²Ϊӧڵʦ¶档Ǽţʲô
ǡ
ʱ֣ķǴӵϢۣͼһӰӯضǰϣؿһֻ֪ҰЦ˵Ӱ¹ӣһǰצָָԼ߿ؽ
һᣬķ΢ҡͷ˵ֻһʱҪ㡣ܾʲô
ŭˣϴҽС
Ŀ¶ΣóһƬɫĸݸ˵Удԣˡ
ˣ󰲾
ͷʣûдţ
ҡͷٴλצɡ
ֺЦĥƬʣʱϻˣ
ͷ
ţķǰ˼ֻӣšȫٱʱǧֻ֮Ҫʮʱɲ˫ᡣ־ʱ䣬ķ˼ƾ֮ߡ
չʱķѦԸ˼䡣ʱѦ˵¥
͸¶ƽˣ֪ϢԴ
꣬ϲʣ͸¶ӵĹڻףУ޳ӲϢҪҪ
ӦȲ֪պĹҪǡ
 

373 

Ѧȥ߷ٴæµ
ʱƽ㵤¥ʱԴžĵ뿪˸ۡ
֨֨ѽѽ˴ʱµóǸСԺ䣬ֵʣܼңүģ
ǵġóһƱһү˵ڸίˡȻԵۣǺþۺɢǧ㹻ﰲһӡլү͸ġպ󣬾֮ᣬѰʵ˼Ұɡǡ
ѾߣƽͷҲصˡ
ƱĹվԺһǸԼȴ֪Ϲ·ʲô衣վ˺һᣬְ˺Ƭ뿪լӡ
һʱĻ˼˵ǶסŰɡȥţʱפҲ
ǡ
ͬʱپȵؿźδʣıˣ
ǵġһжܼҲٰ죬֪Ѿ͵ĶˡԸ㵤¥һӦ賷յľϴɾá̵Ѿȫ򷢻̲öȰš
סٴ½ҶĻӧĥò˵Ҳãðְš
ǡλǱô죿
˭֪ȰɡҲǲ֪ôҡϽģȥݼƸʱѼ˴ˣֵð
ǡ
δݸȥǢıߵϢҲϸ¡֪ӱߣǶ졣Ҳɨص˵˴£µ񣬾벻ڶѾûʲô壬Ǯòᡣ
䣬緹ڵͷţ㡢ˡһ湧鿴ʳȣһ˵Щ˶Ǹþġˣġ˵ݼҾҪƸˣĵĴֹ֪ء
һ
״ֵüһƸ龰żüŪ۵ˡŵͬЦ죬һֵ˷ܡ
˺һᣬûɵʳ¥
С㣬ʲų˵ݼҾƸˡľԴУ
Ƹ
ͷ
룬Ǿ˵ƸӭȢϰҲաɡӭȢʱ䣬Ǿͻϲġ
ǣҵ빫ӡ᲻һֱϲ
ûǿŴòһ̾µϻΣ
ɡ
ҡҡͷҲá
һ㶡
˦˼Էɡʱ
δʱị̃ݼҵƸĵˣΧ۲˴ģй޲Ŀ֪ܾţȴס
ү㲻ȥʵּ˼ȥ˼Ϊү룬ڳأλС㣬Сӡ
Ȼܾݺݵشӡ
𼱡ְ֪½Ӵϸϼүûĵز
𣿡
ԡȰģٳȥ̽
ˣܾڸｹޱȡûпܼ޸ԼΣѵģҪͲܾˡ
ͬһʱ̣½˾ۼһٴ˾ɥ
һӣξ˵Сɵûõġһȥ˵˵ҾͲˣùٻ˼ҵС㣬̫Ůٵ˸˳ϲӵ
ȥס½Ҷһקסѡ
Ҷôס£ξ޺޵Ǵš͸ѰֱӴ
԰꣡ӰһۣóһֻԲǰһΡ
һ̣ξͨء

û£˯һᡣˣ
˿̵׺ģ½ҶϽξһԵϡ
ȱ𼱡Ҷɸȥɻû
һá
½˼ĵصȡƽĹ½˽š
и߷ҵ䣬ȥ߷ƿҩƹ˵ҩûˣЩҩǴġƹ˵ֱȥڼ۸ǲǣ֪
⣬ӧʣ֪۸ʲô˼
˼ǡÿȥҩĶµˣ۸Ҳͬ
µˣ
ԡ
ţӧ򡣻صѴ¸䣬ҿضպ־ƹô˵ݼҪҪһӭȢ
鷭һᣬĿ¶ӧݼңͶڵʱĩӭȢ
ʱе֡
ϲѽʱ϶ˣҲǸʱϵϷˣεգգֻۣӣһƼƵóѵĽ
 

374 һɴ

һӧѰ˼һ²Żعζ˵һ֮½ٻΣ
ѽЦû֦ҡʱãþ׸ЭͬǲáôҪѪˡ
½ҶģӧĿһá½Ҷ϶æģϻΪ𣿡
ııϸһӣӧ˵½Ҷ֪ò٣һϷ˭ιϹ£ֵÿֶѡˣĿĴﵽˡþЪţ
ǡǱǷ磿
Ǹס
ס
һʱݸĹ¼١ŴߴݼǽߣٶʱЦ˻ûʱһصͷУСǺδϸһ˵̣ʱе֡ӭʱģʱị̃ӭȢϲ磬һϾ͵ʱʰɡ
ʲôʵģϲʲôʱʾǸʱˡôˡ룬ٴ˺δ
ݼҵˣԸϲȥ佻󣬸С˾¶ʮʱšҪϲ
ǡǼױأ
£ʲôױױġģҺθɣ
Ŀδһ²ʡ
УѴСʱ䴫һôҶ˸ˡ޵ľɣҲһ·Сˡ
ǡ
δˣЦ˻ǻظǵùһ뵽ܿܰεжһ뵽Ͻ̣Цúϲ£졣
ʱ󣬸޲֪˴Сʱ䡣
ŸһֱĸڸЦֱЦ˺þãͻȻʣҪأ
С㣬ū澲֪
û
û
̫ˣߺߣ˱̧ߣҾȥû˰£϶׵ġַ˻ա֪ΪΣԽǲԽ޸һ뵽㲻ܸԼˣϲ
һҹȥˡ
ǿϢ֪ɲӰĬȻֽд˸֣ȡҪʱǵ֪Ӱ벻ʲô취һǰ׼ʵ޼ƿʩͽٻΡ
һ磬δʳ緹˻ڵϲ
С㣬ʱϲǴС㲻԰·ߴū澡
ɡϲϵĺ֣ޱ顣
ʱδԴһ÷ǰæˣ÷óһɴݸǣС㣬ǶϰףÿĹϲʱҪһɴʱϵϣּ˼С¡
һЦݿ䣬ǻǽӹ˿ţ΢ɼüתȴ˵ι£ȥɡ
һǾһɴʲôûСӶظ£δһ¾˵Сޣôѽ÷죬⵽˾ˡλС̺ġ߰ɡ
ǡ
÷Ŀбӵˡ
쿴һĻ̲סʣС㣬ǾԴУ
ҡͷŹˡ
һ㶣æ߹ȥš
Ƿɴ߻ط䷴꣬۹ȥȴ˿ߡţƺΣȴʮϤͬ
أʲô顣ţоǷɴ
ˣ¶źɴ֪һ춢źɴǲħˣֻȰ裺С㣬㿴һˡҪԡɡϢһ۾ۡ
۾ۣ
԰һ죬۾ú֡
Ŷôû뵽һǷɴǰ׼⡣ǰһƬʵĺ죬ȻظֳһЩӵ𽥵ģͬ͸ƯںɫϷЩЩ
һˮһҶۡˮͷֻ㡣
⿴˺ܾãǳºɴһ̲ŲٸоѣΣȻƣ˵壬ȥԡɡ
ǡɴ
š
ԡͰǱۣĪѹ֡³ߵ⣬뵽ټɣ˵Ƿ뱯ˡ
ڣôң
Ҫ㣬һˡ
ȥ˶ȥıӰٴᡣ
ί
ί
ίĪڱĽеİᣬɣʣƫˣ
֪ڱ˵˶ãˣƣ뿪˵ˮûɵرۡ
ۣۣ
ֻ˯һº̲סһˣҾԭҪҾͲҷģ
˯ˡ
ԶǴ¼̸ϻء
 

378 

⻰̫šһüʣ֪ĺ£
Ȼ̩̩볯ѵܹȻãνѲ⣬Щ»ġ
⻰˵Ƕǣ̫ȴöǵ̩֮ؾͼ
ĿЩΪô˵
Ůظ̩ͬΡŮ̩ƺЩ˼벻ǣвö֪
Ƭ̣Ҫʲô
Ů̫󿪶ʹͱ½Ҷǰ̳оλˣŮĵܾܵʱľںţ޴̶̫һǰ̡
ǽ˶ӣ
Ůѡ
ذɡ
Ůˡ
ǳ˹һԲǳȥƽ׷ʣֻøں档ʱʵ۸յ֪ĸټǣ룬̫ж
ˣ̫ʣʶ֪ǵ£ǲֶ˼
ĸʱˣҪټǺˡ
ҼʱǺˣߣ֪˼˶಻ʤǻʵۣʲôŮ˵òҲΪá
Ϊ޺ãû£̯̯֣һĲˡ
Ŷģ̫˵ôЩ꣬㻹ǲῴŮˡǸִŵˣ˵úг飬˵òۣΪͻ˼ϣɵˣնĥ׳©ġ
ȻΣʵ磬̫Ըӣ̩
ӳȥţʵֵʣĸʲô
֪ܿˡ
ʱ̩ܲڻõƫ￴һţԽԽǲ⣬ʣŷǴĶģ
һǰ͵ŵ˵ڡ˸ۣ˵ս¡
ú֣ܲʣ㿴ûͷûβģ˵̫ʲôӹһŷҲһûףߵţ£̫ټ
ܲһ㶡ּ̫ڳһ롱ģϸˣߡ˼һ£ŷɿظ϶£һҪǵѡ
Īܲǵͷ
̫УһʵҲڣܲͷ˸ͻȴµ¡ʲôû˵̫Ըš
˿ƺһţȵ˲裬̫ʣܲ˵ؾ󾭳ϹµĳŮһ𣬻棿
һ֪ܲΪʲôת˼ͷ˵ǰʶľ͡ȷʵһǡ
ͷ˵׸һʮֻƵ£ʡ
ٴһܲæʣ̫òף
ǰȻǸףȥˣ˵ĴΪԭ򱻵꣬ƫô̰һҲ㶮԰Ҿʵ
ϲܲһ»ʵۣĥžͰٵ˵̫ʴȡ۹һõģɡ
⻰ɣϴνױΣһʲôûʹ㡣հ͸Σ
ܲס
ʵҲס
ҥɢĵգ֪ܲˡϹΪ˸Ҫȥ̫飬ȴŷ¤ƴסţܾȥȴ״漴ְϤŷץסĵȰ򲻿ɲ塣ռ䣬ŷ¤粽ؽһʱ嶯飬ûǣԼ˽ȥɲ֪ȥ˿飬ܲķѡ˼Żʵ۶ǵȤȥʵ۷ͽȥ޼ƿʩû뵽ͻȻ·ת
סƬ̣͵ظлȴǷϵʾɻתת˼̻˵ߵĻΥĵʣ̫ô̱£
ĸֲ⣬ʵһˣ԰ĸ㿴ߵܲϲǡ
һ۶ӣʶӹˡܵܲȢ˼ܲҼǵͦϲǵģ㲻ǻһ𣿡
̫ǰͦɰġǼ겻ɰˡֻ̫ĲŸһǣһ£˵úܣһģڲϲ
Ҿͦõġܲ˵̫󷴵ˣоǵĲٺô˵ΪáöȢ֦ɢҶ׼ˣϥֻжŮһӣɲС
ܲ˵ˣȴװһģ
ͦɵģݺݺǿö࣬ˡ
ɡ
ˡѣҪʲôų΢׼һ¾ˡԭ˾¶ʮų󣬽ǶʮߣʱҲɡϲЩϸͱˣʲôӣѡʱ
 

379 

Ӧȥʱ¶ʮʱĿ̣ʱܺá
Ǹʱɡ
ܲ䣬ִ̫͸ֻѪɺƺûɵظ˳
ŵܵˣʵƵʣĸô͸ߵܡǻʵۣýŶԡ
һĲģ̫˵ûģĲɡ
ʵĪؿ
ҡͷ̾һûģɰҿŮˣúνĪ㿴ֻòɰҿִ顣רĴ㣬ּɡϧˡŮУȴߡ֮˿̽Ѿˣ޸˭νǸý㡣һǣҵˣΪá
һᣬʣĸ˵Ը޸ߵܣ
ҵ˵Ѿˡֿס󰧼տĵܵܣ߲ܵźʡ𣿡
̫⣬ʵƬ̾˵ߣˡ
ϧˡȥǶɡǽó񡣡
̫ϰѶȰˣ𱭲裬ڼƽ
ˣ̫ʱǵĻûذڰ֣ˣ֪ΪʲôǲùëӶʲô˵ҷˣ
ǡ
ûƽ̫Ըּ
ʱּܲ´
Ǵͻ̩ܲΪھ¶ʮʱĿ븮ͬʱ͸ϽǧΪѧ֮ʡ
ּ⣬ּ̫ЦеضϹ˵ϴˣղǸϲ£ºҲϲ¡̫֪ºĳ½ҶˣΪʹϽڣھʮʱ̼ӹ񣬼̳оλݣ˫ϲš
еʮӹǳ꣬ʽΪ٣̳оλֻо֮вơܵõۺĶͣʮܼӹڣһӦõĴ
û뵽½ҶǰӹϮϹٴһȴֻøЦһǡߵл̫䡣
̫عˡϹվԭɫڡ֪˭ֽţȴµһйءţƽ߹УүС˵Ҫ

߻鷿£סͿŮ˽˴˶һᣬϹʣҺ£
Ůڼʮƽޡ
һ㶣һ룬ɫһİʮˡһҵĹͳһƽƵģ
Ŀ΢ǣһ˿ЦƣǮҲʮƽˡֻûһּױкβɣ˵ˣЩǮҪµ˽ȥ𣿵ţ͸Į̇ĶģȻʹҾ˾˵ģѲɻޣ
˵ʲôתȥҪǮֻǸ̬νˡ
ıӰϹͻȻ̫ΪʲôͻȻټ㣿˭㴫Ϣ
ֹһЦ̫˵ǻȥġʧ⡣
ãϹµɫڵҪγˮƽвӧзҥԣͻּܲԼˣȭͷԽԽڵվֱլϷ
顣
ž죬ΪǸļ޵Ʋѣһ¾ͱô˸£ٿϹºڳʶһûЦѾ嵽ǰһѾס½ɵĺ£
үүһԵĺδ˹Ȱ
˦δ˻ߵرʣǲ㣬ɢҥԣȫǽ֪⹴ӧͨôһ¡ּ̫ⲻˣˣˣļˣ
үûУûа
ûУŮΪʲô̫ǰ˵ģҪ˵Ū˲˵
ĵ˰Σˣ̫ͻȻּΪ˵ææ׷ʣּȻţٴסˡһ룬ڵأһ֣صŮԩ
ѽүȷʵдʣҲ֪ô°ҿǱڲˡ
ȻˣϹ¸ըˡļˣ̧֣֣Ⱥݺݴϡ
δ󾪣æʹɫѾֻ׳ŵ˹ȰȰһʱò֡
ϸＦɹӧڣ̫ͻȻټ˭˵ˣ
Ѿڲ飬֪
Ƭ̣ЦȻ⣬Ҳ޷¾׸һѾˡ飬ȥʻʵۡ
 

380 ϲ

鷿⣬˼ʵۻص鷿ԽԽƣһ֮°ͷһٳȻʡŶӵˣҧӧֻóưͿ
ӧ߽鷿ֻڲ࣬Цʣ£˵̫̩ѡ˸µĲ
һۣʵ۲˵ءߡһ
״Цϲ͸̫˵˵ⷢƢʲôã
˵ɡ̫ǲ빬ĸĽ̵˵ʲôݲã֮࣬
ת˼ӧʣú֣̫ڹô֪ǵĻأ
һʵ۶ʱˡ
˵빬ֻҪһ͡˭֪һȥ̫㡣ĸһʱͰ͸ߵˡԽԽˣʵͻȻָӧѵ⣺ӧĶ˵׮´˺ü죬ȴ֪鲻õ
̯̯֣Цش𣺡£֪Ȥݽļ£ö˵ˣǶ̩ʾһ¹ػɣֻӹ򡣡һתԹƻ
ķʵվߡӧԾظں棬ȴҲŵֻʱطףɿ
Ż˺һᣬʵ۾˵ǲ顣ˣ޸˶ϧȴ粻
£˶ӡȳĸ֮кܶ˵ĳҡάһ䡣
һᣬʵڵͷðɣ߼˸ˡ棬׼һݺȻ߸Ҫ̩ء
ǡ
ﵽĿģӧԵ⡣
һʱ̩ɲʵۻʹ͵Ϣྩԭſֵĸҵ֪Ǹļ̩ȵӵһءģ˻ʵ۵̬ȣǷ׷׼񣬲̩ȥ
ܲܺõطԸ¤ﱸŷһ˽
£Ǹصӡչϯðһڡ
԰ʱеִ٣ҪãҪίСǡ
˸߲ңŷü̲סѣ£̫ͻȻͻ飬ƺ⡣
ǺǶ⣬СǲẦҵġؿɶˡ֪ˣҾͲɵĻȢͲֳô粨ˡһϲɫ
¸о͸Ź졣
ܲһۣôרɷ羰
£¾ǺܷġΪǵĻ£½ҶͻȻأž׸¾žǸȦס½ҶʲôծϽ̡²²跨ϼҽܡȻ󡭡ۿûתˣ̫ͻȻټǣžʹͻ顣˴Ʋ²š
˶˵ǵǷʱ˵һҪǷ빬ܸ㡣һֱţɢǰȻ˹Ƿ˵ʹʲôҪʾ⣬Ҫܾã̫ټ㡣㲻⣬Ͱˡⲻɺϣ⡣
һᣬܲЩȵصͷôһ˵ǡ˵ã̫󷴵Ӹˡ¡˭͵ģ
ŷµĴϡŵ滹һֽдŽʱ䡣¾ѷǵУû׷
벻ͨĥžʣû᲻߷͵ģ
ҡͷ¾߷ûҪôɡ
һϣܲ侲Щ˵¤ȥţһӦչذ졣ϯҪһڣֻչӵܣһƷ߾Ͳˡϸ˼һʱķ粨Ƿŵʾ˴ĵͷ
ĳﱸţ½ҶǶϽڣȲѡ벻׶Ӻζξһܽ󺰣ҶҶ£¡̫ͻ飬Сǽļ޸̩ˡ
㵲ѣ½Ҷһץס̩
˦֣ξಱӣ㣬ˡɫʣôˣСǽ޸̩ͦõġȻǲҲǸܺõĽ취˵Ҷȥ˺ʵҲʹ͡ʱﻹҪȥϲ
Ȼ½Ҷ𡰽ڡβʣΪʲôôӭȢδˡ
ô˵ջĶ棬檶ǵջߴվ̧ȥģ޹Ҳ͡ҪףأʶӭȢֻӴͻ鵽ӭȢһӦ뱸ʮաҰչеϰףǾ¶ʮߣ̫ҪԤҲǽˡеͻͳžӭסһϲݼı̫ҲøԤġ˼ǶƷӻҪġ
ЩĹأ½ҶԽԽù֣˼˺һᣬվ˵ҾȥıġСȥʽ㡣
 

381 ֮

ּ̫ǻָɡ
С¥½ҶúѴסſԷǽжȻʣ㣬޸̩
ȵؿܵܣҡͷ
Ҿ̫Ĵͻһɺϡ㿴Ƕʮߣճ󡣾ңһĹӭǰһղϲ룬һϲ͵ڻѾУıʲôĴۺҲԤʱ̫ɺˡңүȢһǡҲա㲻úܹ֣
ŵܵɵطǿЦЦ˵öԣġ̾һҶ㲻Ҫ˵㣬ҵ֮ߡ
½ҶԾؿ
ЩҷãΨһһܵܶסıߵġСİ취
Σʣ÷¾ǣ
ǰӰ߾βĸѻµҥԴ빬͢ضһõˡȥΣ˻ʺ·衣˻϶ᵽʵ۸ǰΪ˼ﻹԼñض빬Ƿӣʺ󶼻Ϊȥʾ̫̫ı㣬һʵĻ¾ֵ÷зضɻǡ̫ټҾͳ̶Ϊڣ˵̫Ҹļ޸̩
Ŀɿڴ½ҶŽһ͵ץסֱۣʣĲˣ
һ£ŵܵ飬ɲǼµʲôƬ̣Ȼҡҡͷȵһǲ飬ǲѾ塣ǰյţϻʱǡڻ鶨֮գõġɢҥԣмƱְ׸һŽŴȳ̶ˣӧҲˣΪΣ㻹Ǹ˵Ȧ̩ûھǡҶΪҵԵȫǣˡֶܾӡ
л½Ҷĥžʣ֪֪˭
תۿ˵ܵһᣬ㲻֪𣿡
΢٣򴽣޸ֻ̩Ȩ֮ƣٳף
ͷ
֤ʵ˲²⣬½Ҷ΢˿һ˵㣬Ҿ̩⡣޸ǿô죿
ǽһᣬĻش𣺡Ҷһ˵Ʒֻ鷢ʱſףѰʱѱαķǵ˲Ҫ֪ؿܵܣͬһˣͲֵǷ
˺һᣬ½Ҷ˶ŵʣѡ̩
ĬĬͷ
ȭһáҪЩ˵Ů˺ܶ࣬㲻ǣǻ鷳
֪
С˵ͦõģΪʲôͻȻֵôףôǷǲأֲ
һʱ˵Ϊ¡סͷٴηס̫ȻּɲҶͿԼ̳оλˡ̫ͳ̶ǣҵֶΣһҪ
֪
Ǹ˵ܵƱ콨ӣԱһһᣬ½Ҷקһξˡ
ǻصʱڵϡʣС㣬޸̩빫أ
壬㿴һҪؿƿ˶ӣҪ
ǡ
ûҶӺɿѾޣ⸮ҵֻͳ̡סպүǰҪҺ빫ӵ¡֪ԽԽá
صͷ
Ը¥ĸɫվڴǰŽֹ
һ־׼һ״ǵѨ֪ϹͻȻԵɣ˸ֶԲߵףѡ񸶳Լƾ֡
ʵϣƾ֮ǣɱӻǴྩʧвϹ˻飻κĲݼҽףݼ˻飻跨ߣٲûɱ
ıɢҥԾΪӪȣԴáǲϰ䣬ߡɱˡвȣҪ֧֡һô½ҶܾǷ룬ᱻָΪ֮ͬľߣֹ׷ɱҧ֮£̩Ҳ޷⣬ǷġھΪף޷ѿأͬ²ߡɱ²ߣ߾·ǣΨһĻ˵ۺϡ
ãǾΪ̩ͼպ
ʵۣǲʵ۰ѻԼҪ˳̽硣Ȼϵؽ̫ѽ͸̩Ϊ
ۣ䶨
һֿƽ氵صնľѡһ̽ˡ
Ȼ粢ͬĸ׵߱ضһıʿ˭أ
 

382 

¶ʮţδʱ佻Ѿ߽޵վһԿױ
ջʼҵĹ븮ûӭסõǡֻ븮ȫӭȢǣɻӭסԣ޵԰͵
ʱһ̣ǽ˾ֻ͢ŽաΣ޵ǰģүСˡ
˺һᣬŴˡ
⣬Ů˭û˵
Ƭ̣ǹߵףŮݱסĺɴȥ
̾һ޵ˡ
ǰϹ¿ϮӰԶȥ֪ǷǳӣЩˣһʱζӡ˼㣬˿뿴Ůһ̣ԶȥıӰȴͻȻãǲԼŮǰȫڵӡԽԽһˡǸˣʮҲʮꡣ
Ϲ·ŴʱѾϸš幫ӭȢСޣšڼվҲ࣬С誷ƹվߣĸټޡ
ͷ˿Сãһ˵ƶǽģϾͲᱻҧˣ˯ʱΡ
誷ƻС֪Ϊʲô˶ֵֹġץʣ𣿡
ġ
СŮʱͳһֻӣǺܺóԵǣģָһ롣
ϴ棬ֻñͷЩᣬȦһ죬ȴЦŽӹӣáġ
վ˸šһϸմĴͳ˺ۺô븸档
ĬĬŽ˽ΣϽ̣½Ҷٲϡǳ󣬵׵ĶĸҶȫ½ˡԿֵȺˣ׮зĴţ޲̾
ʱĿ̣˽Ρؿ˵ܵһۣʧͬһʱ̣ؿ½ǰ³½ΣĶǻУһƷܲȻһ͡
ŵƽʣ⣬ķڵԵȡʱԶƼǰӰ図סе㿴Ĺӡ
壬˹ȥ
ĳڲסƣƣķǰ̾һ£յʦܣʱĿ̣Ƿּ̫ܲ޸̩ΪʱѾ
ϵľ˲ţ⣬ŴһƺʹĶ
˲¶Ĳʹķ̲סοһʧ֣ȻǺ׵ǴСİ취ˡ
һᣬƺʲô㵽˷ŭڼ߹һѾסķǵ½ʧصغۣ˵һ飡ҰѾǵи㣬Ҳи㣬ȴ˵ۣΪʲô޸ȴ޶ԣǳ׵ģҵӡҴ磬Ҵ簡ΪʲôҪôɣΪʲô
˵˵
ӣ

˦Ѧ図ץķǵļҡ˻ߵ׷һᣬɿ֣ͷҪȴķקס
֣Ҫȥһʱң˦ķǣ·ߡ
վס
ҡʹ˸ɾ˦־һƵ
飬գۼ䣬ʦֵСټغϣķǵس磬ӲһץΪȭݺļΡ
ɳ;ƣһʧȻڽڰˣʹ˺üһ
ʦֵһվһš
˺һᣬķ俪ڣڽǡȥҶ򲻹ùӧһ־һȦףΪ˵ͶԴɢϢ˵ձضأӧݼҰѻڶڽաǰּ̫ǸļޣյգƵ޵ȥǣȻ󡭡ġȥȥƾ߷Щܵסǧˣ⻹פ˾һûɱΧܣ
ݺݵٵĴϢȴ˵
ֻ˸һɴ˳ˮۼ޸̩ԴΪȨ֮ƣ׵ǯͼպ󡣿ûԼѡġסȡᡣԼƴҥԽõ̫ټ˵̫ӻԼĵܵܣԴ˳ʾЧҡʱ˿̣Ϊ̫ãʱȫˡĶԲʲôΪҲ֪ϻľóֺȥ̫ͻ飬ɵȢšӧԸ𣿡
 

383 ̽

һܣƺЩ΢˶˵ô֪Са취˵̫󡣡
ǰȻͰֺ¶ڻʵ۵Ƥ¡ؾʱ˵ʲô˵ǣ常ΪǵԴ¡ܸ½ǧڣһ
ܲˣܲĵȴݷЩƽӣֻԶ߸߷ɣ

ˣǰҾȰһ뿪룬ѶԺΪҪ𣿡µĿ⾼
֪𣿾¶ʮϽͻϮ˽ݵפأ˶ʮˣǲŰǾߡʱ˿̣ǲǻ߷е˰ȥСǣһѪȾǣ
Щ۾Խصɴˣķݺסȭȴҧסû
£ķǿ˵ʦܣ̩ЩС߱ϸȫڻʵ۶֮ǰû˸Ҷ̩ɫģԳһ˵ߡ
óһֻҩƿɫζ֮ȻڣһϢھʮ֮أǷ豹澳ǿ߲ܾ죬ܶܡֻգ޼ıʦֲϣǻƵۣȴø񾡹صĽ֡
ʧضֻҩƿһᣬ˶촽ʦ֡
˿̵ӯţʱ֮ǰ̩Сǡ㻹ʱ䡣ȥɡҳҪҡʦļ磬ƿ
˺һᣬڵվڱȥ
ĿʧڳŷѦʣӣǲȥһ빫ӻ벻ͨأ
ͨġǸôûӵˣʦšΪ򻯾ÿ˶ѧ𣿡һۣķЦʦܻسˣӧעضϡǡó롣е糡
֪ĸ
ͷȥǼطĶߺߡҿɲܰװһ
󲻼ˣķһûԵԡûнǣͬĥ
ʱ̣ɽ˳ǡ
̩ͣйƼӧԴΪɷԸӹ˳Ƿεľ׸ǶƽһϵֵϡܳŵĽɣһ˿ֵĹ⣬ӻʾС
ǽ˳ǣ˸򸮡
߷ڣӦ޳ڿйͷ˿ûǳ޵·ϣȴֵÿ֡Ų죬תͷͼɴ˽
磡
ûԽݡ
״図ԸеȥϢȻסӦ޳ʣ޳ӣ˵С֮ǰ㲻֪
֪
Ĺ֪𣿡
ʱ֪Ҳ֪һɻӦ޳Ҳ̹˵ʱˣȹų¡˾ǸŮֺˡæֺŮӦǲ֪ġ
㵲ѣų£ΪʲôǵϢ͸ӣ
̯̯֣Ǻθɣֲһġ
Ȼ飬図죬֪˵ʲôźá
ڼ޸̩ˡ˼Ҷа취ҪǰæȥȥȥϽϴɣġƿ図Ӧ޳йͷ
ʱị̃ɴһʧܵ̩ϲ𽥽ʱǿǸǵʱˡհѼλߣܲع¤ߵ빫ӻˣ鷿
ŶáѾ࣬Ը¤ߣԼ鷿ȥ뿪Ƭ̣ؾ߹ʣܹܣأ
ȥԡˡ
Ӵ˻ûߣ¾ôļȥˣЩ˵
ϲϾ̫ͻģ̫á
˵غһüңðɡûˣ㸺ˡѾˡ¤ıӰ΢üص͸ЩĹŹ֣ȴһʱβ͸Ǽ١
԰ʱ΢ͣ˿Զӱסĵطһ˼⣬ʾһѾߡ߻תķȥˡ
ʱܲ鷿Ĺ˲ɣɻ룬ƵһֱͦͦվڰŸԵʮ
ɡ
عǿЦЦ˵֡
ǰ˵áкܶ£Һöˡк£ְܾܲ׸̫ͻ飬½Ҷǰӹڵ¸˵һ顣
һϲɫɵЩ֡־ҲûдĬƬ̣ٴһһ̫˵Ļ˵£׮ͻһȦף̫̽ӡ
 

384 ǽ

Ļһܲסһ˲İ˵ܡܡ
֤ݡ
˵
һȷʵӧȦףҪǣûǡ½Ҷܾ£ҡ
һ˼·ݵǾңԶ½ҶִﾩǾǶ֮գΪλɺϵظϻأ˵ӧضȸţڲͷ½Ҷܴ˸²ŻؾǲѰڷѡܾȴмˡЮ¡ϸ˼ҷѵĿʵةʵۻǽְܾԶԣ׸ռ
ܲû˵
Ҳ²µ֪׮²ӲŷȰס㣬԰ɣ
ͷǰҪȥ̫Ԥģ˭֪ŷקңȰٵȵȡûܾͱְץסҲšðɣ˵ǸıСΪʲôҪ̫̽ӣ
ܼ򵥣õΪ˵̫ܻڻ顣Ҫ̫㹻Ľ룬Ը޸㣬̽ʵԴ˻ȡ½Ҷǰ̳оλ
ܲ͵
»֪ҵ֪̫ټ֮ǰд˵ҵĻ£ǡô˻ʺЯܳΪڶ˶أ˻ȥ԰ʵۡʵϣʵ۱֪ǵ£˲׮£˶˼

ͬһգһŴӹͻϼңڼȴ˰ʱõŲŴҴһ˹˵ʲôأһضڼе֪ʼĩԭίȥʺ󡣴һ磬ʺȥ̫󡣽ţ̫ټǣȻͻ顣ϸϸ룬ϼҶǲܰĽġΪʲôҪȰ˵̫ѽ͸أ
һᣬܲϵɫ𽥱ãһһһ࣬뵽һֹܵĿܣ룬롭赶ɱˣ
صͷԡ˼ĸ׸Ӵѽ޸ֻͣΪĸŮĽڣһҪڳģֹ׮¡ҪȽ㣬ǻһַʽӺȴƺԼ޹ء
£Ѿ֪̫̽ӡν֮˿̽跨𣿡ʡ
Ĭܾãܲ򴽣ҡͷ˵áҾʲôѵ£ҲضпԡСǲŮˣΨͼת档Ը빬α˶ԴҾãϹ¶˲пᣬΪǼ£һĵġ˵ˣŮǺڣڱʹӣΪǿ
ⷬӹһ˿ȣ̶΢΢ԳƬ˵£ǴΣ
ʲô
ȥǣض̫˼гߵ޸ֻȨ֮ƣǼٳסȻڻΪȡպ󹦳ɣĵܵܺСãȫϼ޹˵ȡ˵ˣԾ֮Ĵ֮Ҫǿѡ˵ˣԸԼϯԱ㡣
ٴα˵ǾܲЩ벻ͨ˼һʣȻô˵˵Сǲ̽ӣԣ̽ӣǱΡңܺðΪҪٳף޸кβã
ɷġ
ʱˣѾˡ
ԣվؿ˵û
ܲ㵲ѣƬ̲ʣģ
ǰ
ϵľ޷ŴһܲڵվһѾסɵ½󣬱һһٵʣ˵һ顣
صͬһһٵػش𣺡Ҿǽڡ
ֻ۱˴˵źһᣬܲ͵ֺһϼµؿʶڣκζߡ촽Ƭʣǣ̲ŵᣬʬ˵ġ
ұȷʵҪġһǱΧڣǸߴĹǽ¥ϼʸ꣬ߺšԶı֪мƣƴöڻײţϣɱһѪ·ûõġٵ˶ϽƺֻصǸпҹɫƣȴƽɭ䡣
ӦԪȫʬڳƽ⡣ǽʱѾƿ˻ʹƭֻΪıһõɣ˳ƳпܷԶˡ
ã˵֪ΪʲôҪû𹥰ԶȫմΪͺмҽ˽ǵЩĵĻӳȥԲնݳ
һᣬǣЦһ£Ϊˣ˾ҡʱ䶨ұ뿪Զ߸߷ɣһˡ£׵ضѡ񣿡
 

385 ס

ûشܾܲãһʣңΪֻʣҺʹ磿
̤ˮΪʵ𣿡
ǣƺЦһ£ҡͷĸգҲҪȨλԶ볯ңүһɣڰ빣Ȩıʱʱ̿̿ųֵƽ⣬ѵð֡
Σ˵Ҫ㲻ͣظҴңɱңҲŲȻָҡǲף̫Ӳ꣬ʲôǵøһҪ
ûش𣬽壬΢ŵ̾Ϣһ£ȻվԳ¡
վ˺һᣬ׿ͷǣҺǣ˵½һҪȥΪլ˿̽
ֱʧڰܲŻع񡣼ãûɵؽءˮ鸴ӵ˼㣬֪Ǿ㵣ŭǻΡⳡĪĴͻ飬ǣĵĻϲڵĳֽ֧顣
ͬʱĬĬڰﴩС
ŽˡڰУվסţЩؿŶڣۡз˵ʹ˵İûڡ
ܲǷͻȻ֣ܲǰǣẦԼ˵һ̣ҡˡ˲ɣ図Ҫٻε䷽̽ȻأϻʱѼ˸
ֻȨ֮ƣǡֻֿŷӿţƺҪԶʧȥĻ̿ץס
Сǣ
ڰУ૵
ԲҲòģҴ㣬Բ𣡡
ҪʲôأдǷţϹ˲̵ضܲ˵öԣǲͬģɻʳӣ
ʹʹʹ
ķҲ˵öԡˣ̩õĶԲߣ̩㹻ܱ޺ܾòѹסĳ嶯ѡȥ̩һкг
ǶԼģԼῴΪˡ
ˣɷܡ
֪ںڰ˶ãһ˦˦ͷ
Ѿáҧȥһգһصߣ
߳ܵҹ繳ǹ財ȴòٴαɣֱؼա
ʰһʧ飬ص߷
Ӧ޳Ѿؿͷ²غŹӾơӦ޳̧ͷʣ磬ôҲԡﻹ߹ǣġ
ɶ˶ٽŲ߹ȥͷ˺һʣ˵½ҵҺܶΣҲܶΣΪβϢ
ƲƲ죬Ӧ޳ûԼдֱ׳ػش𣺡ǲһġΪʲôҪ
һνɶʱðɸߣһһٵʣ֪֪ҵӣĴɩȻ˰˶ȣ޳Ұ㵱׵ܵܡ֪¶Ĵƫ⣬֣⣬أڿҴ磬֪֪жҪ򾩳ǣһֱ֪ȴ㵽ʲô
һζ˵ļɫ
Ӧ޳Ȳѣ̧ͷһᣬڵҲվ𣺡ʲôҲΪ𣿺ߣ֪Σ˵ʲôȽᣬΪҪ޸̩磬㲻ùͷӴ·Ĵ֪ζʲô޸˭νеǰ취ͷתһ֪ôһƽծ񣬱ƵܵѺ½ҶߡȻؼ̫գۼͳ̩˵ǲǱֶΣŮ˭֪ʲô㻹һ㣬ԶЩɡ
㣡
ߣúܣܶʲôнĴãȥǵС˭ֻ㱻ͷת򡣻磬ɵΪ˸Ů˰װװѹְˣ˼û
һ֮£Ӧ޳ԼֵǵĻһԵص˳ǵĴۻй죬Ҳġ
ĺ˵˵̣ԭҲȥסڣסڣڿ˵ǻˣһʧֱܣӵؾ㡣
ǡԼԾȡ
顣㣬Ϊβҳϣ
顣Сȥ̩ġ
仰ʹˣһץסӦ޳½󣬡˵һ飡
Ҿ˵̩Ůˡȥ̩ҷԴ֪߳ܡ
סڣ
ҾҪ˵Ǻ꾫
 

386 

ԽԽ֪˭ȶ֣Ǵű𣬱̱ɨһأݵۣһǽ塣
û뵽ֵôף߷æȰ衣
ӣ
޳ӣ˵ɡ
ҾҪ˵Ǻ꾫꾫ϿӦ޳ֽƿڴ
һߣ図ס۵ɣȰҪˡǴӧˣ
ǰӣȶˣſڿӣ
Ȱ˺һᣬɺݺ˦ǣһ뿪߷
ˣ図ͷأԷŭӦ޳߹˵޳ӣζд֮ʲôִǵ¡ô޸ˣŶأ
ߣҲһסˡʲôԻ޻ڸ֮⣬ߺߵ˻
ִֶ̺µƿԣ図ҲˣһûĸһһٸٱǡûСộû˵ӵݣ߷ȥԼȡ·֪ζʲô޹ģǷŸûйϵ֮ʣ׿óһ˵١ѵֱʱ˿̣㻹Ϊģ㲻Сˣܲܳӣ
˵ʲô
˵ûӣ²࣡
Ӧ޳ƹٴסһʾ図˵ˡ˳ʲôã図ȥӡ鲻ã˳롣
һ図üͷˡ
߷˦ƹӦ޳ͬһŭһˡ
εҡҡͷ˱˴˿֪˵ʲôźá
߷⣬һŽֵĿĵǰߡ＾ʱҹﲻ䣬Ȼʱ̹ˣྩɺ֡
˺һᣬ̧ͷ¥פƬ̲ŵ¥ϡ
ʿ˺ȾƻǳԷĮæ߹Сĵк
Ҹٴλãġ
롣
Ƭ̺󣬻ƶϼСˣһʺ⣬һ裬ơ
ŲʺһᣬһƬԭɿڵĲʺ⣬ȴԳ˿ɬζйط¿ӣɺθڣƱһһƾơ
һСӦ޳Ҳڶ¥Ѱһ߷ߵؽƽûԼȴִԼǼȱַŭȲίһ֮¾ͳһᣬİУƣþƣ
ˣˣ
˲ԶһŵˡתӦ޳һջߣξ˵˺죬ƺϴץ
һؿŽϣһ㶣תʣ㿴ˣ
ر죬񡣡
ȵȡڶȥƬ̡
ʱƶӣλȵġ
ȵЩΣӦ޳תȥ;Ƶĵڶ˱ңң˹֣΢΢һЦû׷Ӧ޳־ٱЦһ±ʾлԼľȥˡ
ջߣڶ˵ʣ𣿡
ǵȫѹ㶢ţȥ죬һҪ׽
Ӧ޳˶ϣһٻӰ¥ĹƬ̱Ÿȥ¡
սֱͣ˲е˾˼ȥ̻ʱظߵһֹջ˽й䣬žԶԶƼһӰΪ졣ȵβһᣬŴ󵨵ظ
ŸŰţһȻڶһϲ˽ȥЦ硣
Ȥһۣɼƾơ
ôһ˺ƾƣȰɡ
ôǻȡ
²µΪ˽޶ѹ¶پơתͷϣȰơ
һᣬʵذο磬֪鲻á㲻֪ҽǷ½Ҷһƽҵ˵ծŶõġһֱûϣ͸ļ޸̩ˡƭġɵˡ
˵ˡܲܰ㣿ȶˣֻͷΣƿҪȥþƺ
ãҲ˵ǼȡҸ㵹ϡ
ȿɽͣס֣Ŵۡ¹ϣܵӰŹճһƬ߲ĹӰΪƽһ׵ƮݡĲһᣬ̲סȥסֱۡ
硣㿴ңҲܺõģ𣿡
ߵϸ
ˡڽԼϣЩů
ɡ
ʶأץסֻС֡
һ죬ȴϲ˳ƿ߽Уɣ⡣
ɾǸЩ죬ڴӦˡ
 

387 

ϵĻ㱣²֪ģͻȻʦͨ۱סĲӣӦ𣺡㡣ɣ⡣㡣
ƻڶУУЩϤƺǡͷԼ䣬§סսֱۡϢڶЩֻ̣ġһ̣ڶ૵ؽУСǣҺ㡣

Сǣ
һᣬɵ̧ͷָĿգɣҲСǡ
⻰΢üƺûʲô£˦˦ͷȴǰŮЩģԾʣ˭
¡
£
شЩٴ˦˦ͷһٶһ类Ы˰һƣô㣿
޷һӱ˦˳ȥײһԵĵϣ۵òҽһ
Ÿ󸽽ѾԼСҽУʧɫس˽һֻʵط£һһָɾͽӣҵϷҼС㣿
ٴκݺ˦˼ͷǺĲ载ԼһЩۣûػش𣺡˵ϹϽСȥ
֪ôԼþЩҡεվȥû߳ع˦Ѿߣ˹ץסֱۣɣ㲻ߡ˵ϲҵģ㻹˵ҪȢҡ
ĻһȻЩԥ˦֣ϹֹУЩ˵ڡһӣ¥
Ҫߣ¼ˣֻץסÿʲôٴץס䣬Ӽٿޣɣ㲻ܶҡղ㱧ң㻹ҵأôô˼ңҪҪȢҡ
㵣ٴ˦ȴ͵ʲô¡㣬תͷʣ˵ʲô
ءղűңҪҪȢҡ
ͷ΢΢£ü˵ҲƿԼˣ´ϲסֱۣ˵ҪȢҵġ˵ˡɣ㲻ˡ
ûشֻǻʲô
һʱ䣬¥ǰֹҺҹ·ûʲôˣһ¾˵ˡʱһ·Ѱ˺һ図ߵ̧ͷ龰һҲ뼸һק£ԶЩ
⣬һӱĴ˦ͷתʧصص˺üҺñѾ߷ס
ӣҵ㡣ǻذɣҹˡ
һԲǰߡ
ɣ
ֹ図ŭĿӣвϹءٹҼҹӣҿɲϧ񡣡
׺ݵĿ⾪һʶͷ
һ󲽸ɵıӰ
ɣ
ƺû
ֱţ±図סҼ޺޵طһûɵؽϳظ
ʱ̡Ͽյģﰲһ·ţʲôչչֽǵӰٿȻһܵһͷ
ۡգգۼ䰵ꡣ
˲侪һ亹һӾȫˡ͵һ図ֻСž͵˿صʯӲ˴󲿷Ϯİصˡסһ˸ڱ˳һƬ˾
ƣлһ͵Ķ̵סһǺе쳷
˻Ϊнǣ˲սˡ
ͬһʱ̣Ӱ֪ʱӦ޳ߡȵͷᣬҡͷ˵ôȸƺȳ
ţʲô£
ƱҹˣҶˣ㻹ȣʲôȡ
ҡ
ְѾƱȥӰڵվһӣץסӦ޳ֱۣˡߣȥ
ңܣԼԼߡ˦Ӧ޳ҡҡλεվ
ûӰתһ˲һſ¡һߵվȵӦ޳ҳƺ
飡
Ƭ䣬͵ش˸˹ȥקӦ޳һơһƺߣӦ޳ײˤ˴ŵˤһ¥ĵϡԾӰߣͷһһöβ¡
ˡӦ޳Ӧ޳ѣô
ȿȣҡʹ
ʹ֮£Ӧ޳˴룬ľȴӡȵ̫࣬޷֮˰㣬һգۼ䱻һࡣ£ǿ˦˦ͷ˵ܺˣץ
ߣϸ룬ӰӦ޳·ӡ
׷ȥͣ
һ˴ӸðλεĸֵΧ׷½ء
 

388 ֮Լ

˺һᣬӦ޳ȫˣľзٵӡ
ͣ½ŲǱشϢһƿӰߴٵ߰ɣҡҪ׷ˡ
ţҡҡͷˣˡ
Цһ£ҺܿͶˡϽߡһ˴򲻹ǡ߰
Ҫ⡣ˣ˭㣿ݷ˵ץסۣߡ
Ӱ
죡
ܣһᣬһ߿ӣӦ޳˽ȥ

Ǳߣ
׷ǰֻڵɸ׷Ĳ׺ݵرʣȥˣ
ǱߣǱˡ
׷
ྩ
ӰӦ޳һլ˹պܳʩչڳڵҴܣȻûǶĴƬլۡסĶྩڵҺţ¥࣬԰ȼ硣ܿ죬ۡƻ׽һƬ
ྩ׽СϣķվںڰԶľׯ԰ʯϣѦһͬһѰլۡСⲻԶ˲һСׯӸ
ʱị̃ͬʱĿǱȥɱ𣬺ڰУ̱ӡ
֣̩;ˡֻӱĺաԼȡ˺ɴԸ˶ȥϢֻ̡ʱ
ܲû
ʱ̣ˡһ壬վתȥܲ˽ȴǰվסûǰߡ
бۿӣ¤״̬мֹ֡˼һ±Ÿ̫£Ҳ£ŹϣֻˡܲڵĶԼٴαø
ҲֵֹܲģʣͻһգյһŰɡ
һ㶣ʣô֪
Ƿ͵ġ
ü
ݼҵĻֵǽ֪ɢġ̫ȴΪɢģҽ˵Ӻ̫չҵĵܵܣ»ؾͼ̫ȴͻӹڣҪҺúð¾ܻõܵܵĽǰ̡
£̫㲻⣬ͼذҲһ㣬ʱб¡˸
֪˵ʲôܲɴ߹¡
̫ʵҲض룬볯ɱµһϡԣ͵һ֮Լ
ٴڵĻܲһģʶЩԼһ˵ɡ
ҵĻֻһϷ˶ĿѡڵߣӦ̫󣬴̽еʵһЩŮŷ£³ɾʹҵɹ֮գԼ
ֻϸָ˵һ³֮䣬޹ϴԩڶҸϹ²߱ıɸкܶ޹ģǵ֮¸һֽ顣

Ҳ
һᣬܲЦһȴЦĬξʣҿԴӦ㣬ôңڲˣαԸ
û¡粻һСˣǾӡ
ػܣûа⡣
˫۾ܲЩΪӣŮǵﲨۣǿеֻݴĸȨơǺȨ٣ԼֻƽԴ֮ƽͣӳ˱Ľ֮ġ
Ȼ˿̣һϲȴһظԼ޸Ҫһֽ飿
ڵĶԼͻȻʮֻ̲סЦЦ˺һᣬתתͷ߹߽ɵúһˣӹһ˿׽ǰߡ
ǰˡ
Щһָֻؾ棺ֹ
ǣߵһվסʼЦСǣĺϲ㡣ڵʶתתô꣬ջǼ޸ҡȻԵβϷ
û뵽˵ôһЩԾȴᶨҡͷ
ضԼܲúܺ棬ٴαƽ
Ǳǽ޿ˡ
ֻһʱͣסˡͷŽߵ̯̯ЦŶɫãǹҲΪɨˣҪһɣ
֪Ҫʲôҧһ´в²ҡӾͻҧ㡣
ӣģȻӣ֮࣬ȤˡЦ˼̧ͷĹ˲ʲôӣֱӵҪ
֣ûܣȴʶס˺
 

389 кι

ھһ֮գǽϡĴƺҪȴֻϵСǣǿġҪģĸԸҲǿģǶȤ
ϢڶϣǶһ죬һ˲ʱŭҲһƣŭѧ硣
δ䣬һ˿һšһֱܲͦͦˤڵϣľʹգۼҲá
ϢǲŻعæ½У£
һڵϣ۾ֱֱƺû׷ʲô¡ʣգ۱ʾԼüȻգ˼£ʾѯʡ
޹ɻظ̲סЦ˼˵Ҿ㣬㲻±ҧˣܰɣǲԼ³
ٴӡգ۱ʾ޹
룬óһСĺɫӣһ¾ܶˡҪ֤ңܿһ֮ءõգһۡҪ͵ڵֱ
Ŀ¶Σգۡ
סѴӸܲıǼϣ򿪡
˵ʲôζȳŸܡǹζ̼ܲؾûʹųһ亹һڵȡ
ȿȿȿȡ
һڻȴ֫ٺ۴ϢãǿЦһˡӣʲôӰ
һңǸˡվЦ֪˰ɣΪǿͿС
ֻǿЦСǣ̫ɰˡ
ǰɰʲôã
һ䣬˵ҪԼԶңӾͲҧ㡣
ʮ˦˦ͷ˵Һòãˣ˵˺δ
һ
һ£ֻͷͣҲûоЦβҡҡλߵǰ¡
ۡĲ˯
˯
ɡˡۡ˯ˡ
ﰲˣǳ׷ϣһֻš룬κóһҩ۵һЩһֻ豭ѱƵߣ˵лл㣬Сӡ
ƺŵʲôζܸȤڱһʮֻӵ˱ӣҩۿɼؼ٣ټ١
ЩҩİٻΡû뵽ϲԣȵؿ˺һƿĿ⣬һ£һ
ʱ
ڸ¶£ɺ図ǱӴܡսʱ˦׷ֲϱðĺ׺ϡ
һλ׷أӵһ¡ϢƬ̣ɲ˵Զô׽͵׸˸áҪϻ߷
׷ӡ
һ˶Ը˵ġŵΣ͵һǽʵûʲôطСػأǰ
図Ƭ̣Сߡ
ӰǱػءһᣬɹ߷һƬߡ
Ǳߣ
ҹĴ촫Զɢĺ˷ɿ׷˹
һ׷һӣʧڳǱһԺ
׷˴һܡػز׷ȥסǡȥЩ
ǡ
һתɱʮɢ䱸Ŵ롣
ԺӲʮΨһһǰʣҸг𣿡
˵Ϊ׵Ц֣ϣ
ͬʱٵϡ
ۿҪѪսͻȻֹһףһһֻҩƿ˳Ʊͷһ֮մлһţ
ʯ䣬Ƕһץס϶ź図һ˦һضϵرš
ϵҩƿ
Ƭɽ䣬ǲ֪ʲôа뽩סͨͨһһء
ŷ￴һĻ図ȵص۴Уˡ
ߣţļ図Ծݶֻȥһ̣Ԯϵ
ʱ߷
һƹ˸ƣԳȥţλүкιɣ
˿ڡǵг㡣Ϊ׵Ĳƿƹ񣬴󲽴롣
㣡
Ĭĥ䡣˺һᣬǲϡϡԺһɨİˣǲʣϸоŸˣһأ
ղŻ̫ۣвѡ
ۣû׼ˣѣȵ
ƹæҾˣ˯ˡ
ن£ȥʲô
һۣ۰ߡȻ취˳һʣλүҹкιɣ
 

390 ݸ

û뵽ڣǲһ㶡˵Ѿߵǰƺʣµһμˣ̴䣿
¡
תתɻʣ˵Ĺٷ죬ƺǣˣ˾ֹٷͬţģ
ٴһ㶡һԵæ˵ε˾ʴˡ
ЦЦ¶һȵ飬̯̯˵ԭǸʴˡʧˡ½ղŻصǣû뵽뿪Ӳ׸͸ˡǺǡ
⻰ùֵֹģһ׸ƹܾΰڱ£ʲôգô˵ģ
ʵع֣ʧԣ֡ɣ߷ߡ֪ҹˣкι񣿡
ˡһʱҲӵĽڣֻ˵԰Ұһ˿ڣѲء
߷ľ˶ڡģȥһ˸롱ơ
ţڰ֣Ȼڣˡ
Ŀ;׸ȥȻסȭнҡķǵĻͷκ˷ӿʱѣķǵƿҩϲ׸ضⷢӡˣȴľֹѺѶʣݺӧնˡһݱ䣬Ǳضڽڰˡ
ֱ˿̣ɲᵽܾĺôĬã߻ʱ˴ʧǵķգ˼Բߡ
նһ٣ӰӦ޳Ǳڲ֪ĸۡĻ԰ɽ¡
ҹΧ׷½ص̫ˡ׸ʱðĺˣ׷ӰӦ޳ü᷻ȴ·ϱءפأҲơӲΣӰûܳȥ˲Сˡأбֻ෴ߡӵþƣòʱϢƬ̡
ɸմϢһᣬǾٵĽŲ
Ѫһ鰤ѣÿһ绨԰ɽҪ顣
ǡ
ӰܶΣٴαƽ
Цһ£Ӧ޳˵һӲġˡƺ˶ľúܣߣ˾ˡ
ûӰס˼һͻȻʣ𣿡
ûСľ
飿Σ˵ǲ׽㣬㲻жĳҩ
Ӧ޳һ㶡
ǶҩôͶˡûҪġƺֹһ䣬óһֻƿӡ
Ӧ޳ҲҰҩˣ
ţ
о񵤣˶˾ͻᶾѪģգۼڷ
ؿһۣӦ޳оľĴ壬һᣬһɫҩ衣ҩ;ûһҵķգ۱ɾʹ͵ɤһܡץסӣҲƲסۡһ̲֪Ǻ̵ճҺţϸܵĺˮëӿգۼʪ͸ٴ˼磬ؾûһᣬľгˮɢȥ˿Ҳˡ˸Ծգۼǿ׳֡
쾪ˡ

Ǳߡ
˦˦ͷҩЧγ죬һڵǹУûˡɱȥ
׷ϵ
ǣ
£
İڿնֱΪ׵ˡ
֪ƴӦ˶ʵһǹһӴ̣սȻʮֹ˲һ̣ɱΧٴζ·ӡһ·񱼣˦׷ۺͽȴٴðˣᡣһӦ޳ȴҲЩǣŵһգǵðˡߡ
ʧһǽ档
δ׷ܸߴԺǽһʱѱ淽򡣳һ£Ϊ߷Ըһ䡣һ̺ʮĿۡĴš
ͬһʱ̣ۡһ갫£ӰǰǸʮֺԺ䣬ʣģ
ݸǸԺȫ׷ҽ˵꣬ͼѲҹĻ߹ȥˡץס϶Ӧ޳ûԺ䡣
ԺӶһ仪ĴݡĸѾŴ˯ȼ䣬ͷһؼסŨصҩζЩܵĳζһ߸ɱ壬ƺţ֫żΡǻ
ƹѾǱ䣬Ӧ޳ϣæ˸ƣӰȴӡǶĹζŲһͣһͲȵ˳ϵȹǡ˯Уϴ˸͵һۣʶءһûͱӦ޳ۼֿס졣
ʱַߵԺѲӷأ͵תһͷֱݡ
ֻ۾ɣŲ죬һ
˭˯ģ
 

391 

Ӧ޳ӰһתԳ˵˾仰˸ꡱƣȻӦ޳ʧ
Ǹߣַˡ
һڣʣٷˣû°ɣЩ£ϱ쬵ʵúëһæش𣺡ûû¡
Щҵ飬ַɵû£Ϊк
ٴδ˸ϲɵ̧ͷվһֱ˵Ҹղŵ費Сıһ¡ΪƵĶңʲôˣ
̵ˣҿһ¡
ģϴһ۽ޣһ˲תͷֱ֡Щ죬ˮա
Ƭ죬ַЩɡûʣͻȻһաһ㶣ȴЦһץסֱۣεε˵ǿҵΪΣûˣüٹ˽
ͻȻЦұַһʱûع
״ϳԳЦһĶͷʲôүʲôֻ֪Ѿǲġ
˼ַ类ҧƿû˵ٷء
ߣװʲôѽЦӯӯٴץס˯ˡүСǶ֪ġ
Ƹַ㰵ٴ˦ŭŮˡһʱˣת
߰˹ץס

ַҲƵˡ΢˿һڣƺŭؽеˣ
ڡ
ȥˮҪϴϴͷúõţ˭׼Щͨʹģɺͳ
ǡ
Ѿ߼䣬ƺֵرţ¿˿ﵽߣУûˡ
ӦһŴӵĹܣǽĻӰ䣬˴Сֻֻ۱˴˵šӰ˿ȴӦ޳ץס
һʣҡͷ
ʱѾŽеٷˣүˡ
ŵһϼææͷСŻصǰ˨ү
ַ㡣
һɨڣһɳϣʲô
ҳ˺׼·ֹš
һʾַ㣬˵˿ܲڸ鿴һ¡
ǡ
תһȦַĿڴϡ룬תͷʣٷˣڲ䣬ҲԸҪͨ磬شΪΣ
ûҼʱشˣŶѹҾƵءͷһȷʵشת˭شģ
ûаûаٷˣû
ѾŵҪһر⡣
״ַٴתͷȥӡգ֧Ŵļһ룬бżסڴߡûкۼַĥһƿ⿴һƺʲô֨֨һ󶶶
󣡡ûһڣջ߻˵ӵ֧ˣǱ紵˴ġ
֪£ͷǾͺá˰ѸϸϸѲһ飬Ҫӡ
ǡ
ŲԶȥǰһ亹
⣬ӰͷȻգһ۱ʾ佱״Ӧ޳Ҳգ۱ʾԿ䡣ýżѴȥֶʯͷҶݣѧУδַߡ
ûһᣬѾˮϼϴȻ˵ˣСĵذţϨֻ򡣵ȴһ̣Ӧ˴˳
˴˿Ӱ˵лٷˡ
Ц˵˵ɣʲôӰңʲƽӰһ˵СڣҰຣ
Դ˻ˣΪտԹȫйϡÿձųɷֽţιˮιҩʱ鴤䣬ӸȡůҹҲҪţҲѵáвӣǴϱĥһȦֻƷ٣ѵȨƣҲȫ˷ӰĻһģɴա
Ӱߵǰ˼ۻ˲߻˵˵Ŷǳӣˣ˯þ
ɡ
պ跨Ѷ㡣Ҫңϲ˭⣿
ش𣺡ŴҹүϾֻжȥӧҪʲôҩž˵˳ϲ¡ǵİܵģɵĺ¡
ûʲô֣ҹĥһĥˡ޼ݼͲӰѳϲʵ˵˸ɸɾ
ţӦ޳˼һʣܽݸ𣿡
ܡ
·ˣΣ
ü
ûжŮ˶ӣһˣѳᡣԡľٶݼңļˡ
 

392 

𾪵ؿһᣬŴܾòŵʣļޣһиĸ㣬ҵֻƷ٣ᱨġ
㲻ùңҰ㣬ѡҪⰾ
ϵɷͷЩʣг𣿡
ͷ
ȻѰ˼Ƭ̣ȴҲϣҧһΪ
ڽż裬ϢڵľͲùˡҪæҲԷڻˡ
áһ£ͻȻ˵мȤ
ʲô£
ǰۣʲôϽˣ˾ȥ˽ݡͶүƻʮָţǾ񡣡
򣿡
šݼиصıԺʿĵطϻиӽкǣЩȴ˽ǮĹЩ˽ǮøǮһģһͭƤﶼЩ˽ǮѹǮӻĸﻻݼҾƵġ
ԾţӦ޳Ѱ˼Ƭ̲ʣô֪
Щӿúܡסڷ˵ԺЩ˽Ļŵë˵˽Ǯëֵĸڸëר죬ΩΩФ֮ǷˣΪжӡ
Уƺ˾һԣʲôԶֺ֮⼸꣬һֱѾɰܺϣ˼Ҳ٣һûھǣ޷ꡣ
ųϰݼҵһ¶Ӧ޳ԽԽľŴãһͷлģӦһ쵽
ʱị̃ݸٴΰѾ˽һʱ
֪ܾӦǱӣճϸߵĵΣǱȥʱ˳شӳԵСС˹գαܿѲ˵ۺͽӽ½
ҹ½ļҽȴʮ־š
ӰӦ޳ҹļҽûɣֻ˵ͺáҹҡˣϽȥϢɡ԰ݿţʰģס
ݸл
ŷӰߡ·ĻᣬҵҰݣӦ޳̲סʣôôߣ
½ү󣬶ƽʱҲ磬ͷҲͣ˳źƾ½ĹȲϼӲȥϹ¸šһȥг޽Ŀֺ֧ܴվάͱ

Ӱᳵ·شӦ޳˳ˣһƬڰ߹ȥҿһֻϲ̫ˡҾ֪гԵġ
㵣Ϊ˳Զ
԰ôã㲻
ʶӣе㡣
԰𣿡
Ȼһ룬߹ʰһһҡͷ˵̫֣õ㡣šӦ޳񵶡һƬϵһѱƬӰԾصһһĹ治ô
óӵȼһӦ޳һĻŰһ˵ҵ˵Ҫѧǹۼֿ죬׼ʮͿʼʮʱһĹ߸ЩǼҵĲģֵúܡ˵Դúܼ򵥡ʮ꿪ʼ¡
ԽԽĻůգзʹĬȥ
ͷӰ£ʣôƣǲǡˣ
ͣٺܾãش𣺡ʱ󣬴ϻˡңҡʶô꣬û׵ġ
ĵûãӰ˼һʣϼǲгҲԶģ
ҵȻʵĽͳ죬ӦԪЩӦ޳֮ľ˷ӰȻ˵ҵֵҳûȥԡ׷һֻԽԽԶ·ֻסһޡҲҵ·ɽߵСͼĴµĹٱһĸԶı
Ӧ޳ֻʸϻȴ˾£Զк졣Ҵӳܻ˸ʵ̼ݱԶͳ카ң̫ӵƽѣץҵơ
֣Ӧ޳ûøô죬Ϳڰʬ塣βںҪǡ߽ʬķǡķסҪȥѰ˵Ӧ޳ͽҹྩѦѰҵҴߡӦԪսУӦѪϴŮͬۻʮһѣֻӦ޳ػ
ĬĬα˵£Ӱò˵ϼʹ
 

393 ȥ

֪Ĭ˶ãӦ޳ʣ׵ضô
ȼյĻһᣬش𣺡Ѫ𲻹죬ûд
û뵽ô˵Щȡ
м㲻֪Сǽȥ͵ѾߵᣬҲ鼸˵ȥûġȻû˵ԵɣҾڲж
һʱû˼ʣǼ˸ʲôϵ
ǼǰǸˣƺǷ̶ġҲ²Сǽòסңգ³ߣ½˲ʣϹȵɥͽھ³ʮʮ½˳룬̵Ѿȫѳᡣ㲻ú𣿡
Ӧ޳üû
ЩҰСǽ˲£Ҿˡô˵أĸף߸Լľ˾ˡ
Ӱѽ;磬Ʒãƽڻ飬ϸų棬ҾġܵһһʮӦ޳Ȼ˵̫ļƣô³ΪСǽºһæ
ʲô
óһֽ⼸СǽҲġҾЩǶǡھ϶Щ취Ҳǵĵϸ͵ǡҾ㣬ɡ֪㲻ҵһ֮ʣԲЩ˵ȥˣСǽǻˣʵ֤ݡһͲõİΣˣֵҲΪĿˡ
ٴһӦ޳ɵתҲһϡ
Ƭ̣Щӣƿ۶ŻƬ̣ӹֽá
һ𷢴һᣬӰǿڴ̧ͷһðİվҿ̽ͷһԳˡ

ʹ˸ɾѹ̵ĵӴӹ̳Ӱ˳ش򿪹ҳһв裬һƬˮ
վš¡£һ裬ƹȥһҹ㲻ʣǹ裬ģܺúȡȻѵĴһ֣ƹһֻӣܺóԵӣָһ롣

²سһᣬע⵽Ӧ޳Լ˵һ֣ʲô˾Ͳóˡ
عӦ޳Ծس˳ʣΪʲôгԵģģڹ
ͦġЩСǽס⣬Ҿҹµ˾ÿһӣͷʲôķڹҶ˾Լԡ
⣬Ӧ޳̲ס˵½ͦõġ
ͷµĶĵģĶˡϽԡ
š
Եӣһı裬ӰظȻָӦ޳Լְʰˣ԰ȥ
ʱ󣬻԰һӦ޳ϴȥһƣŲ֪˭·ǰֽϵļ֣˼
ߵ졣
վһ㣬£
˾ҩƿ㲻ҩ֪ˡ
򴽣˵лŮܲף˶㲻áԼɡ
ȻӰһۣԹ߽ݣû£ʲô㱳кü˿ڣ㻹ܰѲŤȥ˵ҲǴˣЩ߰ĳ¹ªϰԼ¡
ԥһ£Ǳ¡սʱ˵òᣬϺ˿ڣѪֹסˣ൱
˿ڣӰһֻҩƿ۵ġҪһ̡
˵Ӧ޳ֻñһ̶ɵаľʹƺһ˸ˤȥ
ҧס˽̣ʹתƽϢ˱ۿЦһۣˡʲôҩ
üõҩȥɢѪΨһĻǷϵ˲ǳۡҸ㽺Ͳˮˡպ˿ڻϣٹվܸԭһۼͳƬ͸ƤСĵһıϡ
ָԼıӦ޳ЩңĪѿڶӰ㣬˵㲻Ǵˣ֪ںδ
ԶԶҪﺣ
Ĺٻ˵úܺá
ȻЩʦŵӵƺ½˳ԴСѧǵԡ
ܾ棬̲ס˵ʦƺܲͬȻ㲻ȥ˯˵˵
һһ룬ʱˣðɣªŵķϡ
Ӱüɫؿ佱ʦӰǿӧվߵСԺʮĸ߸߸Բȴ˺ۣƤң֪ʲô
šü˼˵ˣ¾е֡
תӧĿ¶⣺ʲô֣
 

394 ˵

һ£ڻش𣺡ҹǳôΧ׷½أȴƺԮ᲻ǡɽ
ɽӧ͵û˵һҴͳ죬ʲųʯ˾ȡʴ˴˸ϳˡ
һݣһڣ˸ȥ
ǡ
תˣӧͷм־˼˺һŷԸʬ̧ߣߴأȻѲСԺ˷ҩƿѶϵ޺ۼ
ͬһʱ̣ķվСׯ԰
ҹǳޣӧһϵעȫϣפصķԿ顣ģص˵ֵסֻѪսͻΧδ׷ķǷԸҰܵռսƷ
Ƭ̣һʿ߹
ӣɱʮˡѰׯ԰ţûзܵҡڻ԰м껨ر𡣡
ȥ
԰һǣһѵĻľʢʮ仨ϸܣػͬһֻֻ񱭣ͨơصǣɫĻϹᴩһ˿˿ɫ磬쵽⣬¹͸次
߹ȥǻƬ̣ķǿϲǱô̫࣬ˡ躣죬һػľߡСıŸȻڻ԰￴һȦָ˰ֻȫߣٽ԰ڵĽҩһգٷһѻ
ĿĻҹա
ɫ΢ʱɫѿظϻشͳ츮
ˣڳפȫճɰ׵أ˲
ӧ˵һվУСפرˣҵĻڣȥһҽң
ǡ
ٴδҴȥԭת˺üȦٴɷŷҪ˶ɡ
Ǳ꼻ЩƷܣֻй͵ļֵĻ仨ΪҩƳɵĻ¶κ˶פյЧҶΪҩɼԶԸΪҩҶӺͻټಹҩģЧÿȶͨݣܶһнˣܰס
ǣ꿪꿪䣬꿪ʮ仨ÿͨҩǻˣȴʧֱ÷˿
ӧ򸾱֮ʣӰһ͸Ӧ޳һ˵Ƥ߱ȽеЩƤǿһٱϺٲ䣬˵ȴײͬ׷ɱ˼Ҳϲ
ۡʲôָһĽëʾѣӰȥɣûϡ
۾Цһ£գۡ
㣬Ϣ׼Ц
صԼӦ޳ĪЩ飬¶εı飬رۡо˼£ˡ
Цӯӯùһ澵ӡ
һüĿɣԭ忡ȴգۼ˺ɫһ۱ȺƽСˡȵԼӦ޳⡣оˡ
԰ߴ֮ü۲䣬ȫıˡҲ֪ضַһϾͻճƤƳһ˻ϴժǲǺ棿
ֿզʲôƤô档
Ӱػش𣺡һϣϡġƤȻأûض֮ƹҲûЧȻóһָֻУ֥ܺõĲƷ׼Сǽģ˲ԪǸ԰ɡѾ񵤵Ļֽ䣬Ӱˡ
ĿıӰӦ޳˺һǺ֥ȥؿ˰ξʹ򿪣һ¡Ũҩſɬζת⣬׿۵Ϣ
Ӧ޳½ˣ̩ͷ̧ͷ͸ɫ룬תߵǰ
¡
˼޷ӦЩԾСĵᴥĶͷ󾪣££
ܲȻ̣֪ʱ˸աƬ̣æϲλΣժ·ڣҴαװһ²ſŽ壬
һ̣¤СŽ
ʵʹܲƺ˯
ʣյܹܣͻȻˡÿɿ˴ҽ٣Ҫ˵ȵ̫࣬˺ѾͷͣԸҽҩѾơ
¤һ
Ҫͷŷͳ¸٣ҲǺȶͷۡҪûʵ֪ˡһҽˣʤ
ٴһ¤ɵ뵽ʲôʶ˸ͷɿȥˡ
 

395 

̩ҽٽӱһȵµΪңϷˣʵ˱Ķ𣿡
ӣֹֻ˵ºֻ衣úõأɽѣŷַˡ
벻ͨҽٳòȥҩҽȥž˵ܹܣȱΪΡ㰲ΰѵﲻֹǰ̽Ҫȥݼȥϡ˴ӱľܹܰѾƸҡ
ǵ̬ȹֵֹģ¤˼һûжʣͷ
ʱ¤ָĸĸ̧̫ܲҸ󡣺ܿ죬ر֪ˡºɣѾǰԺ
Ҹǰŷվñȱǹֱͫ΢ʾĻȥ¤˸񣺡ݼ
ݸһЦŷͳǾְôһģҲȥϳô
½˵ͷۣջصҸְػ
ڽ䱸ɭϣ˽Űɡҵö˶˵ģôһͲˣǺǣΪϲɣٵò
ְ֪լ£شˡ˵ѾƵҩҪ˯һᣬκ˲ôšء
û뵽ȻضپϹҲסһ⻰ʲô˼ýȢӣôͲܽȥѵϲܽȥˣ
ˡ˵κ˶ܽȥְ£¡ŷ۶̧һӲԵģ
ķҧسţԹɫı»ѧ˲ٵġǿӲ֪Ҳãǿѹסͷ䲻ȵص˵ðɡȵ˯
㡣
һȥ
ĿˣŷüʱϢ¤Ӻת
ŷʣܹܣµôˣ
֪ϲ˵ò岻Ҿ̬Ƕǡҹʱ빫ˣ¶Դȥӱ󣬵ʱҲֵͦġ
£üŷž˵󻹲գҡϲ˵öԣûʵ֪²ˣø˼һᡣҲϼնã˻ɡ
һ¤ͷ
ʱػص޵վƬ̣ʸѾߣҹүʱȥӱ󣿡
ū澴ӳƳյͨӱĻ·ϣȵʱ̻үūѰˮѾʣ˵үȷʵӱ󡣡
΢תѾߣûɣʱȥ£˺ʱûȥ
ȷʵˡɢϯʱүȥԡ·ʲôҪСʱū·ת̣˵ġ
üԽùŹˡ˼ţ߹ҶֲȺ򣬼λҲˡ
ԣһ²ǸݼԼ븮Ů˼ʣϲأ
˵ʱˡ
Ŀ¶ᳰôļӡǶš
ǡ
һ̺Ǵ塢
ݼ
λشһᣬģ˵ɡһڽãһΪû빫ӣû뵽ȴ˽áЩԵء
֪ЦԼҷԴװû
ңҶáԼʶһ°ɡǣػһת˵һү;ò˵ǾƺȶͷۣǶô̵ģ
ǳˣ벻үôƣ˱Ѿ
⻰ܷܷЦһѽѾˡ̫үˡ
ǰϲҲѾ˵ġһ˺εؼЦ
ϲʮһˣһҶϹ
ǰ
ŮΪˡλĸߣлʸ˼ۺ󣬲μӹ磬νƾĸҲֻĶŮܷ⿤߽ܳƹС㣬ν֮𡣸Ůӵٳȡү̬ȣܵó裬ҲлƹۡĲҷ
̩ܲأλλˣŮ첻١˭ûгõľˣڸƽ⡣ǵ̫ͻ飬Բ븮һӾͼŮ
˿̣䲻ȵ飬ּܷܷͷ˾һһ䳰ȷ
ƾ֣ûʹ˼ǡƺûһԲҶͬĬܷܷЦʱͼӴס
 

396 

СʱزǲŮ뿪޵Ĺ̲ס˵ˣ̫ˡûǣЦʲôЦ
ǣһ˿Գ壬ڸٿΪֲҹʡ֮ҶӣŮļⶼòΪ˳·涷һʹ͸ˡ
졣
̾һ£ǰڹĹ²Ŷأ˵ʲôֲһë
ߣȴ֮ʱ
ԴϹڷ檣ʧ½İġһ֮£Ǩŭڷˡ½ѩȴǸųӣڲŹŮذοɷһȥϹ·ַۣ䱾ȢΪģʱƼòѾߣǣ趷ޣǷǲϡɷĶ½ѩóԲ·̲סĲרϹ²½鷳ڸ˶˲ʱϵʱʱӾ˱ԽԶ
𽥳ĿĸΪ˸׵ķŵǵҡ£֮ɴൽ˾˸ǰ״Ϲʱ½ѵ⣬ֲòű˵ǸŮĹϵԽزҲˣǸⲻϲӻܲΪǶĶ⣬һһ
գ̲ס̾һ¡
湻ҵģЩŮ˸ʡģֻҪ΢
˼ˣһֵͷԺǲסŲ
ͻȻˣæʣˣôˣ
ûشһƬҶ
̩ᣬլŮ˾һ˼Ѳ⡣Ȼأڶ࣬ȴǳΡ
ʶأ˸
վڻǰ½Ҷļӹոսִּ˴μӹʷʷӡ緲һֻ߱⣬Сүռӹǿϲɺءºˡֻ̫߱ʹ͵ġ̫˵Сүˣ˼һҪýء
ݣ½Ҷ˴۽ޣߵл̫䡣볤ʷת飬ᣬϣ꣬պΪķ
á¹һѻ
䣬½Ҷ԰ߣֹǰصĸҸ߻£ü˼ξ˹һļ磬½ү
תһ½ҶҡͷֻǸʲôүүġҲס
üйξôˣô˵ǰ̳оλǺ¡̫һֻ߱⣬߷һƽ𡣡
߷½Ҷɵʣɻ𣿡
ˡҾġҵ˵һҹ׽׸Ұ̲˿ڣҺɻˡ
һʣˣ
š
ԼѰ½Ҷʱŭͷ𣬺һûߣһӣһ֣Сɽϰ¹£ԱΪء
֣½ҶŴãһϣ˶Ŷξ˵仰ַԸĸײҪģ˳ǡ
⣬Сɽ֮ϲԶһɽ£˵طʱʢ¹ʶ¹խϿ¶ΪɢͤӡʱڿԶСɽ׳ҰһƬľĲˡ
һͤϣһ£
½ҶԸԶȣ˹
Ų죬ת½ҶҲֹͣƬ̣ʣ㼸ʱģ
ĬƬ̣ʱ
ޱ½Ҷͷŭٴδһ˹ȥס½󣬺ʣ㻹֪㻹ʲôΪʲôһ֮ԶҪٻ
ȼյŭûش
ɣꡣǰһֱڵأĿԣΪѣѪ𣬵ĲҪ㣬֮ˡʼգûȥȡͳ·㵽ף
ץס󣬡ס
仰ŭ½Ҷһ̧־һȭһţףΪʲôΪʲô˲ȥ޸ˣ˵ų
Ӳ˼£ûл֡
ݺüţ½Ҷ˻ʣΪʲô֣
ü˻Żش𣺡򲻹ҡ
ٴαŭˣ½Ҷüһϵһεʡֱʺһһٵ˵ڣΪҲɱ㣡
ĬƬ̣ͻȻ̤ǰ벽ۿҪײϣ½Ҷһʶ˰벽
 

397 ɵ

סţھؿ˵Ҷ㲻ɱҡ
㣡
ûֱʺĵڵƺӧһӧõն˵Ϊν
͵
һ֣ӧڲɢҥסܾ̩ŷȰ裬Ҳھǣ֮ܿ塣ҹޣ׸㳲Χ׷½أѲ߷ϣľҴ㡣
Ƭ̣ǣһ˿Գ˵öԡұѪ𣬱ҴߵϣҲܸ¡ң֮ĪҴ㣬㣬Ͻ̣㽻õξЩ˶Ҷ׵ض᲻һдң壬޹ǣߵڲ𣿡
½ҶĬȻһ̣Ƿⲻ֪ţڲظϽְ̣ܾһĶƽӧ̫µ߱⡭
ãЩƣظµʯǰΣʣ׼ô
ͷ߹£һ²˵յϢָ̫顣ʺиԶŮʮ꣬͡
½Ҷһ
Ҳ²ʵۺܿؾǣܵȥ˾Ǯ¿ǰ˾ְָʹȥˣõǣơ
͵ȭ
䣬밲̫ţһʹָϢһû鵽˭ڹƻҿǶҵĹϵģҪ̽Ҫ䡣񣬻ʵ۳ӧ̫Ļһؾǣض¡̫󡣡ץסֱۣص˵µֵԽǹ˳ж㡢ĸסܾܵԽȫ

ģʱһ跨һʱ䡣ҪϻؾУý֦صѾǵʵңԶ
Ŵһᣬ½Ҷʣȥ˵Ұæ
ҡͷֻҪǱҲν
ǡ˾򣬽ھʵû֧֣Ӯ𣿡
ʼ磬ڻش𣺡˵öԡ۹߽ǹǿսɽʿΪʲôҪʵΪʲôʵϣʵܵĳɣ֪һ㡣ֻҪ䰴ϾͲˡ
ɻؿ
佫ǶƵĽɻ䣬νࡣھվãͶˡ
£üƬ̣ʣҽô죿
ѹֵʹͣ˰β˵˿̩ϸȫġ
ƺʲôû˵ȴڲСã½ҶѣסĳŵҸ㣬ҲҵǸҹ׷ɱ㵽ĺǣ
㵣̶ƺЦһ£á
ߣסŲͷ˵Ҫʮƽɸۡӡûش˵Ȣҽ㣬ٻ㡣Уѩ㸺ãӵǮ㸶

½ҶߺƬ̣図ɫ˵ӣˣˡҹǴ׽ǶԸǣ޳ӡ
һ̧ͷʣû°ɣ
Һ÷ӰһϢ㿴
ӹϸԽԽ͵ذֽһϣվһسǡȥЩϢʦ֡
Ƿͷȥʱ½Ҷһ·ֱի
ʱị̃½Ҷ̤Ϲ̡ûٻظֻеͻţһۣȡһӦ衣
ʱξ½ҶԼţ˺һǱȥĸסͬ˶ӵţҧס˼ܾãϽ̶һַԸ弸䡣
ͬһʱ̣ٸս˹
ΪʲôҪ̫ǰС˵֪֪һּ̫ڼء£ٿŮҷ˶ľܰж㿴ɵѽֲģ
̫̩ʵв죬Ǩŭ硣ÿŻʵۣٴʧ˳衣뵽ԼеĴۣѻ֡˿ĸ׵䣬üһ˵Ҳôͽˡߣ׮ģΪθ÷зɵأװ˼ұ˺ڹҡ
ţ͵ʲô㵵̧ͷʣ
ǰߣΪܣһȥ԰߱£ʱĲɵġôЩ꣬»ǵҧƬ̣ǺЦѵʲô빬ٸ
 

398 Ѫ

죬Ȼ
һʣ˭⣿
Ҳ֪Ǹݼף޵ǷԵģһԥҺθɣңҾ˳ˮۡƬ̣ͻȻʣ᲻СԼѻ´ȥģ
ûʣ½Ҷˣ
ǰְǰŮһ飬ʧԵᡣ
꣬綢ŵã˵ҵ˵Ҫּ빬ҡ

ĸףӹһ˿ŹֵɫǶƷ١ֻҪּһԽ̽һΡͬС
Ůɫ͸Ź죬ʶ˸ҧͷ
ٳʱܲˡ
ˣͷҲˣȴûƣ˲ĿܾãŷԸ۵úܡó㲹ƷɸȥѵСǣ˵һҲҪúѧѧء
ǡˣΡ
û¡ˣȥ
ǡ
¤˳ȥܲŷѶӵ¸ɣݣֲ֪ҧԼ˼ǰ󣬻Ǿס
Ժ˼ʱһ̫ӱǽѵһ١ûб⣬ͷϴܿ죬ǱѵϢڸŮ޲ֻֻҶü
һҲˣѾ̲סʣôˣԭүֻλϲ븮ɲͶ˶֡үǺ£
ҡͷҶ˴Ͳˡ̫ͻģ˵̫Ů١үǶãһȥ״˵ү̫Ķͣү޺ôǰд˵￴̫ƽʵȻ˵ү˰飬ضЩۡ
ˣү˰ʲôģǻʵ𣿡
ˡһΣүĴ𣿡
Ѿһ㶡
ãҶ˷ԸѾȥһӱ
⣬ѾʣˣЩƷѪүģűΪ͸ϲ
ݸСѾͷ۶ࡣǰ˲ǣղְ϶áѪǼĲƷ͸һ£ȥ˵үĻ
ǣ˵Ļ
޹أǡȥɡһյѪ࣬ûʲôġ
ͷѾתȥˡ
ӱ˿ɥȻһϷܲԼáιֻã˵ˣҶѾһյѪࡣ
Ҷˣ
԰ֻ˵ģѡ
˿Ŀ¶ɻ󣺡֡ö˶˵ظôĲƷΪΣǼƷѪ࣬ٶƽһյ
ǰʲŴһ£Ҷ˭ƣûύ˭ġͻȻѪ࣬е졣
ûΪΣԼ֮ǰ˾񵤣Ըȥ˽Ҷ˵ΪΣûоᡣһŴ⣬ͼذģؼ׷
ҹˣ̩ƽ˾
СƬϣѸգ˴·ھ򡣿ϧѻҽһ飬һ
治ԶһլĳһƬѪܣҩɿˡ
ʦ֣Ⱥ޾졣Сפؽʮˣˡ
ӧͬ̾һСפؽʮˡʯפʮˡȫûЩҩģнȫûˡ
ݺסȭӧＷÿ֣һҹɺǸڳӴܣȥԮԭڳ⡣湻ݵġǼ޸ˣԼȴǲǡãö֣
û˳
ĬãͻȻ˵Ҿúܹ֡פضأЩҲָңô֪᲻Ӧ
ΣӧԸ£֣̲٣˴Բߡǲ֪·䡣
Դ˾ĵѪķǱЯܶѩϬ塣ѩϬ屾ɢܵŲȴŵķͬΣӴѭζ׷ٵĳ֮ء
ͬһʱ̣ׯ԰ķսƷ嵥Цúϲ£졣Եã図ˡһҹ׷˵꣬óӦ޳ͻصϢ
˵ͷĹ˲һ¡ӧ˴زϸݣׯ԰ȫ㵱ٹ˽
΢ķǳ˼Ƭ̣ס図ߺ󲻾ãѦָ˿ʼװҹɫ£һӦɻʹȻ˽ⷻ
 

399 

ɫ΢´ÿ᷻Ĵš
ŵĻ۾ʣүŻءҪʲô
óһһ˱˵ѲˣҪѲ顣
ؿ롣ǾѰĵ
߽ڣʾѲ顣˺һᣬһǻرżţƾҡ
ˣûз֡
ǵＸˣ
ĸһƹһģһкˣҹǻƵػش
Ƭ̣˼仹ǰץʻͬһʱ̣ʮһڳѲߣ緭ң߷಻⡣ֵ󣬸´Ŵ۳ֱ򡣴δʱʱ˾ٱΪڷȥķǵׯ԰˸׳죬һ
ӧűòʣʲôûţ
ûС߷ѲܶΣûջ񡣾Ÿڲᣬ˿ڲȱǳֺĲҵû֤ûץˡֻ᷻һԺӣĸڲᡣףྩҵˡҲ©
ĥƬ̣ӧʣ֮ǰ˵һ
ʱ׷ٵʧӰںδ֪
ѲķΧ
ǡ
һྩٴֵòɿ׸ڳﰤҰ̲飬լɧţƷٵĸۡҲѲ飬ԹصѫŶۿⳡ־磬û
գڴСٱ̲ı飬Ҽһÿ˶ΣһʱĻ̡̻
գξĸƽ̫밲½Ҷµлӡ
̫꣬ȵ˵⺢㡣˵Ϯ˾ھǵġ
̫󣬻Ҷʵڣñڱ߾͸ɰ£ֳܳ͸óʱ̫󣬿ɳһֱֺĴץЩ£Ͳ
΢⣬̫ʣôˣ
ֻ֪׸ڳ̲飬һƷƷԱլۡһҶ˸顣ͳ춪Щʲôһ̲֮顣
ӧ
ƺǰɡ˵׸ܡչأʳǣȻҪͳĻ˵Ǹ̫ıӻҪ뻧ذ˿ˡ赭дز䡣
Ŷ׸ʱˣ
ǰƽ״澩׸Ǯ˼ΡһΣ׽ӹ˳ţջ֣˻ͣ
Ƹ˺̫˼Ƭ̾ͷԸȥʡʱӻ˵ʴ˸ߣͳҪȫǼˣ̲θĲҵ
հˣ
ơȷʵˡ
šü̫һӣȥʵۣ˵̫á׸Լְ𣬸ץķͽҪץҪ˭ӡ
һݣӷɿȥˡ
ʱةκʷ̨ľ빬
ʵκʣټ֪
ة࣬˵⼸ճ﷭츲أ𣿡
׸÷ͽǷ֮¡
ô˵Ҳڼˣľ˵
£ռڳҼһѲ飬׸Ҳ̲飬֪һģǸɸġʳǽ˾ְͳ֪ˡ
⻰͸ŹŹ֣ʵһʲôʷֵ̨ôףȴ޷Ӧôµģ
£ֻǾãͳû׼ŵġùʡ
㣡
ԣκɨһľ˵Ϣŭ𣬳ҲΪѲǱµ˼йԱôΪͳֱڱ£˾ලҲ֪˵ץʲôηֱһ¡û׼ץĲһֻǴɸˡ
룬ʵ빬
û뵽ʵʳеѲ֧һֻ˵ǰСʯС׸յٱڳ̲顣ڽͳ֪˻ⱣɽЭͬ
԰ɣˣ¶ʮһߺ׽һҹݽﶼ١ô˵ǳ£
Ȼ
ɫŹ֣ʵİʣ˭˵ģץ˼գץ𣿡
ͷðļֻ֮óϣ£ͳ˵͡
㵽˭ĳӣ
󾪣æ
ľһ¾˵£²Ҫץº
һʵһ㶣ʣ⣿
£½ҶϮǰһ￪ʼ׽ȥԽԽΪ½Ҷ̫ĶӹϮûȷʵ֤ǲָصġΪʵû湫£ˣͰƸͳ졣
 

400 

һ⻰ŵףæ壺£޴¡׸յٱżġ
ʾٱ
죬Զԡ
£²νľٱͳ˵ġɴͳö˶˵ôץͽأԲľɿ硣
֪Բ˵һ亹ֻƲԼ£ȷʵͳ˵Ҫ׸Эͬץֻǣ
˴˿̣ʵܿѲֻһдʣͣͷһ٣鷿˼ţӧҲһ
ȵӧظˣκȰ˵Ϣŭ˾ʱ̣Ϥ׸һθĹĻɡ
ߣ
ֱʵ۷Ƣ뿪鷿ľŸκˡ⣬ͻȻʣةԽ֮¿п
Щؿκʣµ֪£Ƿδйأ
ȷʵȸ̫󣬱²֪ġ
ȻЦЦ֪δΪ⣿
¹ֻΪӧĹƱͼˮˮҲ޷粻ֹ˵ռȥԽϡܾѧЩҧ˵ġ
κûǰƬ̣ʣδкθ߼
׸ٸһƽľ棬ӧҡ
ֹκ˳˼ʣƽ
׸ոΣûдǲ᳷ġ˾һְغѶʵϸӹؼ²ľ飬һ˻вةβԱһλ˾¸ڣһ˸⣬ֵܷΣܻǣƣ
δ˿кʵѡ
и˽ҫݣǰЧҫݱ߾ײʣؼТǣʱͶڳֺ¡ةದ߼һֵ࣬¹پǸѡ
Ƭ̣κͷ
һʱһ뿪ฮʩʩȻ˳еİȻջּ׵ȺԺУڵ
Ƭ̣߹ſֱ۾һܱ
ɺü£ŶƬҡͷ˵ܣ˺ܶࡣãû䡣ҪҶϲˡ
ļ磬ɿЦһ£֣ڽɣд
áҼةˡϺʮֽɿܾ¶Ĵ̼Сıа˷ְա㵽ô
ڳפأӧ̵Ѳ飬ϮһҪ£Գΰø²֡õةƼ¶ɵ֣ӧҲ˳⣬¡
Ƭ̣ͷ˵׸Ƕʲô·ûпɿģ跨ܾ֪֪ˡ
áҪġӧܻ̽ǳ
ȻһЦش𣺡ܾûˡϮٲǴ˲Թҡ
㻹ϲɱɱöƳ棬һҪ񡣡
ȥԺڣеص˱裬
ľ޶û֪꾭̣ʱ뻯Ľʶ˶Եֻĸ򷵻˴룬ȴֻ˶鿡Ϊ׵Ľ飬ʱҫݳסС׺Ҳѽڵܵܿ
鿹ǰ鲢Ͻھֱ׸׽ɾ˼ǣͨξ˵ľ򸾰æ̫ѹӧֽƼκΪġ
ٴ֮ʣξҡڵؽ߷
ɱ˵նл㣬лá
ظлԿ䣺۴ܣҲ维Ҷ۵Ӵұǿ
˳ƿ佱䣬ȻóһţȥһḮ˰ɡ
ӹţξһתЦһƽܸȡȻһֻ֡
ֻ֣ɴ㵲ѡһֻһ£ɫʣĶѧЩҪۣ
Ҷ̵ġ˵һҪȸǮǮҴȣڽķϣֻһƽ𡣡
Σɻóƽ
ܿ죬ξһؽḮţܾüЦһʣˣʱģ
һŭξ˸ž˵¶ʮšƺϡ˵һֵúܣ׽׽һҹ⼸ջ׽ðձǸһ٣֪ܲͣ
 

401 

ţܾüʣ׽ʲô˼
ξѾ¶ʮ֮ռĻҸϸ˵һ顣꣬˼ò˵ɣʱڸ벻㡣
סҪǮûǮͲһ䡣
һ㶼̶һϲξЦװͷ
ξ˳巵߷ҪϢʱʹϥǴͷɥس˹Ƭ̲·Ըռֵ÷зһ񡣲ҪˡЩ˷ߣôôţǲˡ
֪ʵ۹ʣ¾Ȳѣ˼žѣˣְ˵ֻΪβ߹ڱ¸ǰ˵˵
̾һΪô򵥣ôү˵

û֤ݣȥǸ˼һڮˡȥɡ
˶٣ֻ
ʱץʮɷˡ֪׸ˣӧݺ˼䡰СѹסĵĲʷԸϢģŵĿٴƽ׸ԴƲԼ
ѵõذ鸮һοĵȰ˵ϹּȥŮ
ЩµûţϹûʣʲô£꣬һûУûã
ү֪ˣ㶼ûȥΣڼҵʱһֱĻ
ΣϹ˺һǿ˵ˡɡ
ЩƵػصϷţ½ˡһδĵȥѰΣڡԽԽģɴĸ⡣
޸ɡͳȫҰɡ˲ܸˣ˵˵ɡץסĸ׵ֱҡţ˽
ŮһᣬͻȻðɸߣ˦֣ͷؾ̫ʧˣ㿴ǸӣһҲ鸮С㣬ûŵûСѾͷһʲôõģ㣬㻹ͲۣӲҪ
ҡءҲǷˣɴһ¥ϵͼӴ׿һӲ˵ɷԼơ
⻰ٸŭ𶦷УŮ֪㣬̵ֽѾһȻѾߺͳùǺ
ֵʱ±ĸ׸ϻ˾ŸõϣݺݵǡţͻȻ¡Ƿѡ
ӣôϴҲǼ档ѫƼأһҩһƽ𣬼ֱǲ˼顣ҺŸ͸ЩǮž֣̫ˡ³һ麮ӵƾʲô˵ֺ˵ĵѩ֥Щδ֮ȴøȨ󾪲֣ϧؽȻƶЩˣɱضǿ֧֣ȨһĹݣǰµı;һˣչҲظ¶ǳĪ⣬ԶΪá
׽ŸĻץʰĿд£׼һŮ
ٷܱʼʱʱˡ
ʱһ̣ɽḮĽšҹ˾԰ܾվˮϿźɳӰŲ죬ûлͷ
һվʣڲٰڶḮʱӲۣ
عͷһۣ£㻹ΪΣߣΪβһ֮Զٻ
ü
ɣܸܲңѡСǳһջӧѡһձޣ
û뵽ôʣɾȲѡĿעƬ̲Żش𣺡˽գ㻹֪ǸȦΪ˭𣿡
ζЦЦ
ӣ˵֪ӧҩܾӣƽһֱ½￴Ϲǰһ档ƶϣӧ½Ҷ˵˹ҩ˵֮ϹѡӪ֮ǰǰҶţڲǵõңԶıѾˡµҥӧɢɣĿǴ̼㣬ң̩Сǡ˾׸
ܾҲǴġôʱգķŭͽоҲ𽥿˲ٹϡ
ЩЦһ²˵㻹ûشҵ⡣
Ĭһ˲ɻش𣺡ҸϻˡӧϤҵĹڡ
ˮеӰãܾתʣ㵽˭

⼸ͻȻӦͳǰԶĹϵԶҪ޳Ϊν磿߷˶׮ɰйϵΪģƾʲôģ
 

402 òù

ٴξһ£򴽣ϢŷʣΪ
ֻ룬ΪʲôСǶôִţظʶΪôִŵص㣿
£ü
ٷ˺һᣬͻȻ̤ǰһһһٵʣ˺ܾãֻһֿܣʶ㣬һֱڵ㡣𣿽ڣ
ü΢ɵû
Ҳ˵
˴˵ӣĿڿɱ
ãܾƿߣת߻طԣһӰ˵ȥ߷Ϊ֪˭ѡ̩װνƾ޸Ϊ׮ֻһϷӧ֪㰴֮˾׸ͽץ㣬׼УѰ˸׽ͷǺǣȷʵ֮
ڣ˽ҷ淸׹ʵۻôʹأٴתЦЦڵʡ
һڳ˵ʲôλʡ
Ŀ¶ζʣߵģΪ֮䣿֪˭ԡǸӡΪʲôɱ
Ǹӧɵģ޹ءֻһЩ¡߱ı棬ųնҿԷŹЩ޹ˣıôծԵûҪҵ֡
˵ɡ̫ӣĸǻʺ󣬶꣬˵֤߱𣿡
Ҿ֤ݡû볤ƽͱɱš֮ǰӦԪѾսҲڳƽѡȻұûд롭𰸲Ǻ𣿡
ٺ٣⻰һСǿԣƭңЩڣ̩ȷʵȻʵĶӣֻĸţ˾˸УаٹٶӡѰ޿Ȧɵѡѷڡʵ۴Ȩգд֣ǵƾһݣһ֮ʣǷ䣬Ӯһ䣬ʷ鹤֮䣬ҳӵĶۡ
壬ڸɴ߹¸Լ˱裬˼һ˵˼ܣ΢֪ҺҸ㣬Ȼ֤ݣ𣿡
ܾһ
֮ǰ̷̰̫ӱȻѵ⣬ò˼Щһֱ̫ӡã˾ٱ̫ӣٴβϹǡڼԺ֪ԴΪͶ˶£ΪǣߵϽЩ㲻֤ݣ
ӦԪͳ°¼ȥҽֻ˵΢ĸкżзҲ鵽¼䣬ȻʵĲԭѾתȴͻȻأҲик֢״ʵǺͽһͬһ̵ֶ֮˼ǵú𣿻ҶеҲǺӧĺ
鵽˿һ飬صʣƹ꣬׿ͳ˾׸Ȩޣ̲ҲȨʡ֪ЩӸòùأ
һᣬܾش𣺡׸۾ٺ󣬷ġɿа˸ˣǶġǰæ׸ܹΪ˲žڵЩ±˲鲻֪ηͷҲ̲εĿɿ
վȭл
͡
ĿȥܾųӰ䣬һӰӻ߳Ӧ޳Ϊ֪׽ûл߷ǴƤ߻˸Ḯ;Ƶ飬һֱܾסˡ
ߵǰȵʣ磬ҹأ⿴ʲô
ЦЦö˶˵Ĳȥ˯
ʱҾ˯ˡ˯һɫ̲࣬סɹһ¹⡣ˣҲ鵽Ǽ𣿡
Ǽ˶ƽʲô
һҰæġھ׸ôãͷ죬Ҳû
Ц»ȣһ˵ˣǼ˸˵Ĳһ¡
ʲôһ£
˵ȷˣǸˡһӶģַڶ˵ʮͼ޹ȥˡǰסСҦׯʳҾʵӲŮʲô˼Ѿߡ
ɻؿԼܾҡͷЦ˵ҪôѸˣҪôǱƭˡǷǼٵġ
ǷӰ͵ģӦ޳ʣ磬ΪʲôǼٵģ
ͽͣǸˣ˵Ķͷ֪ЩˣԹ˸ᡣļ磬зΪҺûԼͷԵײȥʡ˼бΣյġָһЩá
 

403 

ϸţӦ޳һƬ̲ʣǾͲ鲻ˣ
δء
㲻ҪˣͲһ˵
һĸܾ꣬ЦȻʣŮӰɣ
Ӧ޳㵣ô֪
һкܵĻ㡣ֻŮӻá

Ц˺һ˵׸žΰ˶ı䶯ҲȨޡչÿĩҶҪѸ˶䶯ʱԱ顣Ҫģܲõϵ֦иϴ޵ģھ׸ʮ꣬ϤβһæͿˡ
ϴޣá
þƣ˼ҰæҪʾһ£̳ӾȥҪƷģֻǼҵľá
š˵Ҫġ
ͷǰ˵Ҫ飬Ź֡
ҵӦ޳˺ܶ࣬Ǻܿһסء
ʱʹڷ¡̩Ҳ¡֪ɻˣҲ֪һ뾪գ֪ռ׽ֵ췭ظ
ȥһҹ
ɢϹּ빬С
ͣСʱϹ³ȥţŮ𻰡Ϲ£ʣŮ˵ʲôˣ
Ҹ˵ǡӦңʱܻؼңǷˡ

ظ׵˵ʺҽ㣬ٸЩԵõģڳͽ̬Ǹ˻㣬ȴһЩ̩ڲҽǣһó裿
˺һᣬԸԷĸͳʹ
˼ŻصٲûɵĹŹָŮĥţȰı̽ĵϸ
һʱһ߽ػˣһѩࡣ
ӣǲ̧ͷ壺Ͷ
ǵġͶѾ棬˼һ𣿡
Ƭ̣ǵͷ
ܿ죬Ѿ߾߽˵С㣬ǰոһЩϺõѩ࣬ǼõĲƷ֮ǰ˺ЩӣԶ̷ԸһйԸҪƼӱΪá
һ۽ޣǵһЦˡȥҵл
ǡлǮˡ
·Ѿߣתת˼ʣʽﵱˣ
븮ʱ䲻ȥġ
֪ǼҴС⼸գƽ˳𣿡
ԣѾת˿˵ֻ𴫻ݶԺ²̫Ȥһ㡣ԷˣǸġ
һЩڨڨ˵ҲǴ£ֻǵүˣʲô֪á
һЦʲô˵סǸˡһ£ȻŻȥ߰ɡ
л㡣
Ѿ·֮ʣѩࡣﲻٵġġ˼Ƭ̣Ըȥʵܵǵľ
뿪ʱ¹¼Ͻ̡˿ǮϽ̲ҶɨسˣӵүƽЩ
үүֻͷ˵ǷˣôҲܰϳŵġ
ЦһϽ̲Ȥҡͷ
¹ת˼ͷ˵үм϶֪ġ˵СһСȥɣ˵ɷ˼Ȣ˼ӲǲǡϣöѶôѾߴ򳵷򣬸üɹ
ɡϽ̴㵲ѣ˼һ²ʣɻˣĽȥ
԰⼸ֺ壬С㻹ȥ˼Ҳ
Ͻ̶ԸȤ¹±Լ֪ϸ˵һ顣ţϽͻȻʣ¹£Ҽǵ㾭ȡŮ֪˴ȣ
һ㶣¹죬Ͽҵ˵ү˵ӪҾѰöңҺڡ˵ҾүԶˣ˺ȻƣϷӣʲôᡣӼ̳˼ҵҲܹġͲһˡЩ£ְǷ£Ҳﲻϡүǰ˵ֻܼҡڶ̸ǰ˵ϻֻкι£ǰҦּ֣ҵġְ֪δţɱְ˵滰
ΣϽ̲˵ô˵ˣүҾһءһʵͶҵ˼𣿻Ƕţ
û뵽¹һ£βҡͷɢүѹûְŵʱšʱǰţƺȥüǰҲ̽ȥˡûã̾ͷԸιЩñְ
 

404 

ÿɷϽһǮһ²ʣж٣
һ
ˡЩǮ͸㡣ԺʲôϢ㵽߷ȥһƣʮӵǮһ¹Ǯ٣Լɡ߰ɡ˼ġ
ͷǡ
¹ǮЩصˡߣ߻ʣүɿ𣿡
ЦһϽҡͷԵػش𣺡˭֪ɿɿԼ·ȸС˴ЩŰɣȥ߷˵ĻӡȥҲ޷
ǡЩ᲻ʲôΣ
ҿڣġЩ·ʲôĲ⣬Ļںͷˣ⡣ҳȥһˡĸҴۡ
û̧ȣһקסүȥģ
֣Ͻüһ£ȥʸĻ쵰ƭҽ㡣Ϊҽ޾ͣˣ룡
Ͻؽ߷ʱʵ۸տƬ̣ʣòةټʲôˡĪҲةѧ
ʣκݻش𣺡£˲ǳѧмŵ㣬Ծټ¡
ŵ㣿
ǵġһǳ£ҲǶƽ£ݽͳûйϵȽñ½Ĳ¡˵ĸʱĲͷԼЩ顣飬ƾԼŬξмֲŸɣҲɿʤΡ
Ųæذĺôоһ飬κ˵ǰֵ߰㣬Ϊ˳̫࣬Աƫ̻˽ȥˣٴηͿʱһ
Ŵ˺һᣬʵ
һʱʥּ´ְƷ·ֹܾ׸£ྩܱߵΰ
ּͷȻ°ҧҷʵ۵ľֻüʵرʾӭװ֪ĲЦŰ˴кȻʣʴˣֵܾô࣬ηȽϺʣ
һ˼·ʣ־أ
ʴ˹ųڵ£θشʮֵܣʮңĸ˰ɡ
û뵽ֻôˣ¶پ̹١ɫܾߵİ˸ˣĸ۶ˣڷܵرʾÿնѲӡճǣµˣæ佱˼䡣Цѣ˳˳ȥȾͬ֡
߾׸ȨǱ߾ص鸮֪״Ů·ٴϲúδȥСʱظǰϲͶǸѾ˼ͦģžͿʼϲڸ״
ŶѾ˭ģ
ѾϼҵĶġ·ĲʶػѾԷ˵Ůޡ
üذһֻ飬˵ϼҳͬˮö˶˵ʲôûġ͸ʶʮӣúãպѾ㡣ȥֳ£޹ء
Ӣ
һʣ⼸үģ
үûȥӱǰҶǶƺ鷿
ޣطԸѾȥʱæꡣ
𽥰ӿʱˡ
ˣү˵¹¸Щ·Ƕڡܲܳȥ¥㣬˵Ҫ㡣
Уү̳˾λӦеĹȫ͵ضˡ岹˵
ϸǶ£˵ȥ¥ɡ
ǡ
֪ү𣿡
ƺǰԺ顣
˿ɳ©ʱ磬ȥ԰һᡣܲûôصլǱӳȥɢ
̩ռع԰൱󡣽ľϡ˺ܶ࣬ʺĴһᣬݴһ꣬һﵽ˼ɽ档
Сӣ
ѽ
޶
Σȥ͡ץ˰죬ûһë״½޵Ѿݹһ֦ˣôץץסġ֦һ£Ӿˡ
ӹ֦ǵͷԡ
һ̣ڼɽӱ֦ɧţһӴ˳һˡ
ѽ׷
˸ǰϣƹһ䣬һУһ⣺ʲôֶ
ˣæǰϼеȵȡ
һ㶣վһʯϵļתͷأֺѾУװͰץֻãˤ
 

405 

ߵǰ˵ˡǳӣ檸ⲻǡӻ檡
ӣؾȵתͷϸŵĲãĿ¶Ӷ񣬡гģֱãôֵ
ֻëɫЩ
ߣѿˡ
ûӳó󣬽ŲһĿϣ̶ע⵽Ĳɫȵףӣ
һ㶣Ůæعˣܲ¤ǰ
ݼү
ˡģܲȤֻõֻӣүūץġͻȻһ
ûûŵץƬ̣Ц൱񡣹档
ܲ²ӰŪƼˡǿؾ֮·ϵģȱǵһܲˡ
ȴܲȥԽԽĽ̲סѣ£ģš
ţ
ǹ˲ʲôڲˣץסӣ˵£ǳġʲܳײӲ£²Ҫ
ŶӾȻëɫǲã
԰ǲá
ԣܲġëáʣһԵסĸ첲˵£˼㰾˹ȥӹģģϲȥɡ
üһ̶ա
ģû۹⣬͡ҵƾʲô棿д
ѹסͷһת˵£ϽȥԹɡ檸ˡϵرˡ
û뵽˵߾ߣܲ㵡
ȴֵԾʧסܲ£߰ɡ˿ڸоͲˡ
عܲ뻹ǵͷðɡʲô
ȥ˾֪ˡ
ؽЦˡһߣǷһصӱ󣬰һžסӵĶѵܡЩͱˤˣ㵹㱿ġ˼䣬ӵͷ˵Ǿ䡣һֱúܣһ㡣ߣųùģÿһǧ
ô˵Цһ˵⻰ɲˣ϶ᷢ쭵ġ
ߣΪǣ˿͡
ؼ䣬ǲ¸ëιݣȻԳ˵̣ʱûտţǧܶˡ
˰ϧ̾һͷ˷ġ
ʱˡӱƻϨһ롣ǻû£㼱ææ˵ˣүˡ
һǴҴϣˡ
߽ܲ˳ʣСǣֻӡû˵꣬ͻȻȥ˻ۣժ˹صΣںڵĳٲ㴹ڼͷ΢סաԵСһЩȴԵüԶɽĿ紺ˮԼףұޡذ׵סӯӯһյȴ¶µһĨ𪣬ԲЦǷˡ
סһȻȻ߹ȥһ´ڼͷڷ
һ˲ǱعûĿ֣۾һɨڵΪΣ£
˸æ˳š
Сǡû˳ȥܲɴס˵Ҳ߰ɡһúõض㡣
ûҧֻƿɫʣݵѸеŮ˶ݵһһֻһ𣿡
һ㶡
ϲֻҵòɺϣţʢഺֻꡣÿŮ˶ϵġǸʱ򣬵»ᰮ𣿡
ҡ˶٣˵ᰡ
ƭˡĻߵ£һš
εĻɣ֪ܲ˵ʲôźãֻ˵ô֪ǰ˵ھһõ
ػش𣺡Ҳ֪
ٴһ㶡
㴦飬һһרĵöࡣһᣬ¿Ǹ˲Ҳ֣𣿡
ˡܲʱɸߵġŮתЦ˵ˣҲ͸ֻһ£Ҫ
ķЩŮУЦһߣΪֻĻͶͱ϶Ϲˡ
ȻܲƵת˼ͷȻ͵ɣ˵СǣҪûõġ˵ɰɣϴȥӣǲءһظˣȴޡ㿴ƽһҲһܾҲɳ֮أЩ£϶֪
 

406 

ܲߵ£ס˵ҲȢ˺üﲻҲû˵ʲô
⻰˵ãһ˵Ƕʱŭͷ𡣳֣üһݺݵһۣŭ˭˵ﲻ⣿ߣֻΪԼĻ벻绤λŮҲȢһһθܣ
ֵܲˡ
ĸ߷ߵ䣺Լ˵Ӷۡν걾Ǳ˴˵ģ˿檣ŮȴҪĵ£ӵĴϰˣǶԵģǴģֻԼΪԼĶ벻רҽڡСҿҵһһأΪѹҲʮ;ԣ˿ѪΪҵ
Ҿ˾˲游ҲǡУԶֻȢһλˣӦͳ졣ŶеµĲֻһλ
ָͷһᣬ˵£ȢôŮˣլ϶ˡǹ𣿡
Զԣܲأɨ˵˵ʲôѾǶˣôá㣬㲻У
Сֻӡ
ɡ̯̯֣תͶ̫̽ӡǲӦôػ
һ
״ܲ˵ҾӺϡ档ģһᡣ
תͷĹˣע⵽һŲɫë򣬲߹ȥĶ俴˿ôӷڴϣףˡȡ
ҡΣ߹ȥ˵²ŰӡҪ͵Ƕȥ
Լˣ֣ܲЦҶһᡣĿԼˣŵұ֤Űӡ
ߣ
ҵһηô׺ԽҲôף̲סʡ
ҾġƣǱԡװһӵģֻܴһӵġھҿֲ˰ɣǰֻǱ󡣡Լȱ㣬ǰӷһԵϰٺá
ڴ£ܲЦ˵Ҿʵģ֪ʲô
ԣĿ¶棬˼žʣ²ϲ
ҡͷ
㻹Ȣ
Ȼתһ룬Ƶذ̾˵Ȣġ㣬ʱס˵ãȢΥҲǲѵġҪΪ㲻ϼ޸ңȢ𣿡
װûֻ˵סһɡ˵ˣ㲻ҡվ㲻׼
һαŮָӣ֮ܲú棬վƾΪԼ¡ʱǰ¡ʷ£ܲڴϣ˯ԱߵİϡϨˡᵭѬصŰζ
һᣬܲʣСǣպʺ󣬺òã
Ҳ룬ɴؾܾáǷôծԶΪá
תܲɴʣծ
԰»öȢһŮν𡣿ǼȻףŮ۰벻ǣĮȻԴ֮ȥϲ˵ûԹֻ֣ѭǷµծҪġǷ͵û顣ѾȢ˰˸Ůˣպ󻹻и檣ծ֪ʲôʱŻ塣
ƿԣ˰βȻʣСǣʲôʲôѭʲôǷ
ǷǮǮǷǷͻ飬޲֮У࣬޲ľĪ⡣˻֪ţɲڣá
ԽԽֻܲ˵ѧģ
¥кܶӼǣħ˵ֻءأڰҹصζ
εطһᣬʣҲ˵Щ
ǰڹʱдţǸĻľǵĸɫţʱ¡ܴÿζܲšҸ£ܲϣʶ㣬൱Ĳѧ깬к㴫飬΢ЦҲ
ֿ佱δѧܲٴθ֪֪ɵݣھڲԶ˼˺һᣬת˻⣺Сǣ⼸ǳȥɡ
´ȥɡҪ̶ȥ¥㡣
Ƽˣܲй˵Ͳܽһȥ㣿
Сڣ̶ܽţ˵
û˵ˡεرۣ˵ǲ顣˯ˡ
 

407 뿴

ԼˣϲȻǡ
ڰˡۿźڰ߷

ӱˣ޵ŵơ
ϣʣүӱȥˣ
ǵġ
ˣ꾫˵أôֻôӳڸԭǹġǴȻ뵽Ūһֻү
ҧгݣֻõȰˡ븮ү϶ñȽʡһӾ͵ˡЩ겻𣿡
ɸﻹûĸ˸ҶŸɡ裬Ҳ֪ܻ֡ǺһᣬͻȻ˵ҲǸ쵰ҷô˼ֺΪѧһҲ顣
԰ɡǻӣСϰˡ
޺޵غһؼţСʳ޸ܲ꣬˲˼ȡΪѧԾܲˣǲ䲻ȣĹ⣬ƺȻԵĲɣԽԽǱѹŵаֹסð
˯˯ţӱһҹס
һ磬ܲһ̵ȹԾױ
ˣЩζܹġղɡκӹһԶ˵
˿ǻһԣɡϲһԿŲ˵֪͵ģǼÿնšֻΪȾѪӾ׸ȡغɱˣֻ˵һֻµģȴûġ
ʱǴ뿪
ʱ̣Ͷ¥⣬ͼվǰ
С㣬ү¥ϵȡ
΢Цһ£ǵ¥ϡ¥ռˡһ£ĵŸȥ
ڣϢܹܵŪ飬ŽȥһˣȴӰڷҡͷ߽ȥе̶
ƹ磬ԵҲתͷ
ĿǲԾü˫۾ȴԽԽƺŵصƺ˵ȴ
޷Ŵľ㵣Ų֪˻ʲôһϢߵǰӵ뻳УСǡ
ƺûعվţ۾ֱ·ϵһơ
ԲҲãҲòģҸϻԲ𣬶Բ𡣡§Ľߵ˵š
˻ꡣůĻῪʼµȴͻȻѣ֣ſң
šСǣҽ͡
ſңҲҪ
Сǣ
ǲֻʵ˵ҡҼˣҺûϵ߰ɣҪҡ
ϹץסֱۣҽͣĲ֪ҡ
֪֪Զ֪ҡ⻰͵ЩӱѰ࣬ıͷѹֵίһӱˣȻױȵķŭþȫ˦˻ߵָУɣ쵰ƭӡҲٿ㡣ҷģϲҾԶ㡣˵Ҳ뿴㣬㲻Ҫҡ
ͷߡ
Сǣߡٴץס
֪׺ͱ꣬תϵĲͷϡǲѲˡˮһʶһۣһɡ
ץס˦Ŷһ߽У壡
׷бһˣ㣬㡭
쵰첲ˣȻͨ۸㣿ͣͷϵǰֻݺϽ̼ϡû뵽ͻȻôݣϽ̴󾪣ۼֿԱһձܿ
ॣ
ľУǿҲһܳ壬ɱ¥
Сǣ
ˣ
̫ܵ죬һӲԼȹǣһ̤ˤȥ˹ס
С㣬û°ɣ
ץϢ˼£ݺݵ˵סһĴС㡣

˵﷭ڵĵίԹ߱ߣһʱٿپȥֻԶԶߡݲĨȥϵᣬһߡ¥ϣҪ׷ɱϽקס
ȥͥ뺦ҽ㣡
֣
ŸѽһжΪ㡣б֮ǰôϽҲŭˣһؽѵţΪ㣬ҽҶˡûҵġǣ
̡
סڡҺ㲻졣
ȻϾƽϣɲҪ¥ÿҸ
׼ȥ
 

408 Բ

¥Ѿߵϡ֪ʱ꣬ϸ΢˿شϣһЩ
׷ˣ㡭
һۣǻû˵Сǡ
һ㶣תһ⣬ܲŷ߹һϲɫ
һæתͷĨһȻװǿЦЦô⣿
ǲڽ¥û£Ҳˡ
û뵽һ¥ʱ˲÷Ƣˣæ˵ȥȥ¥ɡ
ɫԣ۾죬޷Щɢңܲɵʣʲôˣˣôɡ
תǸæקܵƣûûСɡˡңղŸ̶ܣ䣬ˡҾ͡
ģ
ȻġôСһɡȥ¥ǣһⷢƢ
ˣܲæ˵Ҳǻ㡣ֻö˶˵ʲôˣ
úö飬ֺ֪С
ܲҡҡͷο˵ϲҲҪúѧ䣬Ժ󵽽˾Ҳһġ
ߣװĹĵز˵
ǲ˵ˡ߰ɣȥ¥緹
š
ǵͷ¥ȥˡ¥ϣϽڴǰ˸Ŀͽʧû˵һͱ̩ˡҪǳȥ϶Ầҽġ

ҰˡǮң߸ġһ졣
ĬãɲתͶȥҶ
߷Ͻֿ˵ëɫ൱죬ֻ
ֻҶ˵ҪȥǼ⡣Ұ͸㣬ȻóһƱƽ𡣡
㵵ؿһᣬϽתת˼˵ҿ϶ȥղգ
š
ϽЩͬ飬˼һʲôûʣء
үǲȥ
ȥʲôûҽүȥ˭֪ôү˵ģóȻȥһ˵˻ǲ˻ԣ
Ŷץͷæͷ
صϽ̴ֿʣҽǲϲɣ
˶٣ش𣺡ûСôʧ
ӣϽ̳Ƭ̲˵ι졣Ūˡ
ãϽЩûɵػطȥˡһŽǺƷ˰ģ̾
Ǹ¶꣬һʣƵòѸٵسѧ˹۲죬ѧΡ߷ֹɾóƽԼԼǡǼ⣬ֻ½ҶȥɣŰæۿǵľˡµܲΪӣΣ
˼ãϽ̲ס˼վٴȥ˼䡣
ĺʱ֣Ǹܲصʱ֪˵Լܾˡ˽ڣϰܲߣתӱ
ʱһѾ߽˵С㣬ǲ֬
תǷԸ˳ʣ𣿡
š
ӹ꣬˵ͷˡȥת棬ģҽֻһʱ˳̶䣬ᵱġȰ̶úö飬Ҫй䣬˷˹
ǡ
Ѿ߸˺ţߵǰ񡣷䣬ʹ
һٸɷƢǰˣܵúܡɾˣأʱ˿̣ⲻ֪ж۾ⳡϷζҪݵ񣬷򡭡ʶ˸˼
¶ط֬ѾѾ·⡣ڵϽõĽ˽Ѿߣ֬Ϊȥʽ¥¸ԲѡԶĹսǣѾߺ͵˵˼
ʱị̃ɫˡ߳ԼСţֻһϮ£ɴ档Ƭ̣ʣôˣ
ҵְɣү˸Ҳʲôˡ

ѷĿ˼ͶڣǼ鼴Ȼͼøȡ衣ҵĻ㣬Ϣ͵Ƕĵš˵꣬࣬ƺЦһ˵ɷ٣үٸԭְģ硭³֮ܲһƷǵˡԸɡ
ķҡҷˡ
վԭصԶȥıӰͷЩתУվ˺ܾòŶסȥһƷá
 

409 ͬ·

ʱ¡ĹܼҽϸЩӣٲȥϸϢࡣٵϢɺδͻң͵С
ʱӦ޳Ƥߵڶ֦
޴壬æ²鵽𣿡
ǺǡҪ飬ҿ϶æġϴ޸¾̳ӣһͰ͵Ĳᡣ
ϼЩ˿ڳ¼ݣˣ߹ӶҪд⡣ļūд򣬷ųȥҪԭ硣⡣ԸȽһ¾֪˭˭ˡ⿴ҡߣҪġ
á
谵£Ӧ޳ᣬддʱŵлҹ˾ڵ¥ߴһŸﷴų֣ȥüæµ꣬Ǻͷԡ˿̳ϸϸãٶԱȷӰоõЩƵضвɸ˵ء
ζ벻ƭ˷ӰȴܾʵʱδصϢ˼žʣþĵǲӧ
ĥţδỌ̇̄˵öԣ¹˭ЩµǼβأ
ãٲ˵Ǳߣ»ֻĵϸǱߵó˭СѾͷܲ£ס̩µģ˵
ǡ
δˣϷϨ˵ơ
ྩﳹװңԶĶо½ҶһظңԶϸʼĩֻȥɵݺ永
һԲ꣬ңԶһʣ̫̩˳ۣ㡭ûȢ޸̩Ϊˣ̫ʹܣ㣿
Ͼˡҽѻ˵˵֪̫ܸҴͻ顣
ңԶü
ҧҧ˵Ǹƶǣơһͷң壬ңҡ
عûһۣʲôӺ˵˰ûһáҪźңˡ֪֪ȵҪʱǰ˽ʱϵһ·ϲ֪ˤٴΣûˣҵˡż˼ǨҪ
вԼ½Ҷش˵ġӧ֪ңҺң£ֻȥʵǰдǸӣʵۿܻỳҴ֮ͨأʲô߰ҥԣ뽫ң岻Ҫš
ÿɷңԶͻȻʣ̫ͻ飬ܾܾ𣿡
ҡҿ϶ȢǸŮˡ
㣬̫ܵܶв¡οּ
½Ҷ졣ԥţ֪òðҪ˵
ֹңԶĿ¶ζ޸̩ǲѣҲ̩潭ڱ𣬶԰ɣ
½Ҷһ
֮Ī̫ǻʵ۵ҪƷ̫Ĵͻְֻ취һʵ۳Ԥͺڶһʵۡ
û뵽³治ۣ½Ҷ𾪵ص㵵㣬ԡһ̽ȥǳ
Ʋ죬ȥ淢

ߵΣңԶ˵ǰĽ˾ְɽɽƷְƷͬһգƽĶǮ¿ҲɽǶϹͳϽϹԭνͳ죬ӧƼġκΪı˭Ŀľǰھǡ
֮Ҷʵ۶㲢Σ䱸֪ΪΪȻŵĽ˵һҹȥȥƽѣ
ƽؾף½ҶĶ졣ɴۿңԶԷȴģƺ˵һƽС¡
˺һᣬ½ҶɤӷɣһʣΪô˵ѵšʲôΣ
ЦЦļ磬׮£֪ǲģһɵ㡣ģΪû̣ȴҪһҹԶӦԪնɱЩͷá

ԼһңԶЦֵλǺθɣҿ̫Ӹĵһɴ˵Ȼһֱأû׼ǸʱѾݱˣزɥѡְ£ǰʷֲûУôС֡
û뵽ô˵½ҶȻŵͷʣǹӦûô͵ô֪ģ
Ӿǵ⣬͸źܿġ
ӥ½ҶͷӪϢңԶֵ˱裬еʣȻˣΪβ
Ƭ̺󣬴ʺ߽һˡ£ʵûƭɡŵ¾й
٣ΣѾǻʵˣѵ߱ЦһعҲ²⻴Ҷˣͬ·ˡ
 

410 ͷҶ

΢һüʣͬ·ˣʲô˼
ʣΪʲôʵ۵ǻ꣬ɵԼ׵ܵȴûɱ
һ֪
һܹ֡Ҳ²ʵǹ˼ʲôԲһֱš̩ʲô֪˵һүݷ绨ѩ£ƫҪصۏˮ𣿡
̩ؾ֮ʲôûȴҪÿһӶ˻ʵ۵ӵֵǣͬΪʵһϵӧȴͻȻϻϹ£檵Ĵ档Ҷ˵ӧֺ㡣ӧĳţֺöƽޱҪôһĹС㣬ʲôֵ˷ĵĺ᣿
ⷬ˾ʣΪأ
ҿӧҪǱˣǸ˰˵ǳ޵￪ʼ׽׽գҲμӡͬһӶѪ졣ȤǣκةƼһ˾ְھ׸˸ƹȨ
ϵһţЦʣ㿴㲻úɺ𣿡
ӹϸһ飬˳ò˵Ǹ˸ò̩󡣾Ҫдˡˡü޸½ҶǼҾûˡһյúܣˣٹ󣬰˾͡
ζЦЦ£ҾͲˡٸһ£ҵİ˵¸Ļţ
סʣ֪
Ҳ²֪ˣǸĻҲɱ޶֤
ü˼ܾþ˵Ҫȥһ˾ǡ
¹꣬ྩûϵóˡҶһߣ˳·Ҹҽκ
պ½Ҷ˾񣬷ּؾǣͬеһʮµӣ飬ԭϺ˷ֲż˰̣Եֳ
½Ҷ˳ͨݳǲãңյ˸Ϣңྩȥ
½Ҷٴη֮ʣ½Ѿ߰ѻѩúһֻ͵֪ǵܷܵԸ͵ģǶӣԽԽ졣
֣ҶһֻҼǵĶëɫɫܾȣȴһغڡ
ӵĶ䣬ŴֻС
һֻɫΣϸϸĽ߲ϣճĻȻƳɻŽأϼ󣬵Ŷס
ϸãǸֻΣҧҧ
ǰõһرõΣӰϼΡҾϻܺÿЩӵǴ͸㡣
ʱʣڣӺδõЩ䱦ЩͶܶأҲϡУ졣
ΪÿһǶһ޶ģҪۡڸԸ߼ʺ߷Ļʦģֻ
Ŷ͸ң᲻᲻ˣ
ЦġЩ˸Ǯġ㾡ܴžǡ
ӰϼΡ
Ҷӡ
̾һ֪ԼֻµúܡסãֻδϣžеԼᡣ
֪ö˶˵ؿʲôȰˣѹˡЩǲѣ㡭

ûǼᣬ˵ˣʲܹ˵԰磬ү˵ҪȥͷҶ
һǸæᣬ˵ö˶˵شȥʲôôȥ
ү˵ͷͬȥܹ˵ʱðʱţ׼һ¡
ðɡ
ȥػòŷԸ·Ȼ͵ĶֻҲûֻܲ͵һѰĴϡ
ʱܲЯŮ԰ֻʺӧĩ
û뵽ӧҲڣȻҧ´קһܲʾѡоܲ΢ͷһۣЦЦʾ
ʺǣһĻЦ̩ϲһθеŰɡ
ԣתע⵽ƺܲüĿ飬ŭ˵ãǹҪעǡ
ǻشһϮƴϵӡ
ߵ¡
þɡڰ֣ʵ۾¡ĿϣƬ̾ʣ㲻˵û𣿡
ѾȥˡûҪһ¡һۻʵۣЦŻشȻ󽿵εεʣ£檾ϲȹȥˡأ
˶٣ʵЦһ¾˵ߵܣ޾ĸǸһЩ
΢ֻܲ˵˵Цˡܸ±Ƚء
ʱһӰͤӣݺ񣺡檸밲
 

411 ģ

һۣʵûʲô˵ɡҲڣ˵ǿ϶ܾûˣ㡣
һ粻ɵתͷȥ
Ŀ˸š
ȥǵһμԷ
Ĭһ˲عֵЦЦлû뵽Ҳ⡣Щɺ𣿡
ͻͦõġ
Դϯȴڿǣƺ̽ƺζ
ԣԾϯŻʵ۵ĻԼʹӡʱ֪˿̼ˣʵ۵Ļβ²Լǰ⣬ġ
Щ䳡ʺЦ˵˷ҶκÿŴȤʵ۲ʱǣֿ磬˼ע⵽ʵܿǣܲĲã޼ƿʩֻðסŭӧһԲسţȻ۲ǡ
òţӧˡʵ۴ŵܵй䣬ʺظͬ˸ں棬ģһ
Ƭ̣ת˿ĬĽ㣬ͻȻʣ̩Խɺã
ү˭࣬ǶЩ
Ҿүͦĵġ
ЦЦֻ˵űΪ谮㻹ЩΪáʹûÿɲС

Ҫлﵽ̫ǰ顣Ҿú֣ôĵ㻹ĸסܵڸң̶ţûʲôǣҡ
ƺ赭д˵ţȴŸ̶΢΢üش𣺡ǱȲýġСү̳˾λ̫Ĺգǰ;£ҾͲ÷ˡ
ﲻ÷ĵģֻҪӣһܾܹٸԭְˡְְģǱһ仰𣿡
һûһ˵лȴ롣
˸䣬ͼǰļͣ˽Ų
ʵƺЦ˵СǣǽòһʱỰ˵ġʺ˵˵ּȥã̻һ¡
ëһæͷش𣺡л¡
⻰ʺŮĿⲻԼͬϣƺҪ΢һۻʵۣٿһܲƺνı飬´⡣
ʱܲŶŮ˳ϣԶȥıӰʵϧѡһʱû飬ĵȥˡ˻ʵۣʺ䲻ȵ˵ýճ˸⡣
ȴνЦлʺ佱ֻǾûÿ϶ġ
ÿɷ񣬻ʺ˵ЩˡԸȥɡ
߻ʺ˵ã㿴˰ɣʵºϲ㡣ϧѽǴЩǽþͿԻӦˡ
֪Ǹ̩빬͹ƻʵûǰȻٴԻĲ˿̼ıóѣʮֵĵ⡣Ȼȥˡ
ıӰվͤϣҧס޵
Ƕۣʵۻû߻ĵͼӧ
£ûﻨò˿ѷɫڽ㡣յĴӧ顣֪ʵ۶ǸȤɿܵܣԼ۲Ǻ̩֮״
ԣʵֹʣ㲻ǽ˵ƣһȻһ
㵣ӧɻػش𣺡£û
ǣῴŮˡһ䣬˵ŮЩӹףЩšãҲһ޲ãӾˣ޾ûǶǵĽƺʲôֲǡָо˺ܲӣȴȻšǾͲһһһЦȻеʣȻɡվһ޲֪ԭģ㣬ϧֻѧ˱棬ȴĲˣԲŸоô֡
û뵽ʵô˵ӧԾСò˵ͦġΪΪĸá
Ƕеף񡣡룬ʵ۳Ҳ֡ö˶˵ѧʲôһŮ˳ȴûԼصζ꣬ż࿴һᶼġ
Żʵ۵˵ӧ磬ѣתʹ̼ȷʵܳɫ̩޸ǳ
˻һʵ۳ô˵ģ
̯̯֣Ц𣺡ʧԣ±
㻹Ц׼Цѵһ䣬ʵ۾ʣЩӿʲô֣
ʣӧת˵и̩֡󣬻ѲơЩûǮЭܻҲˡôǮ±أֱҩܹġ
 

412 Ǯ

˼һ£ʵʣ˵߻бĲҵ
²ǵġע⵽ֺ߷⣬ҲȥݷáбڲܺȥúڲŶԡ֮£̩;߷
ü
Ϊֻ֪ܺĲСƲ˹ϵȴǺģֻǲ֦ڡ
˺һᣬʵĿһȥ
ʵ۴ӧ΢߷ȴڡǣƹİæЦŹк
ת˸ͷӧ˵ƹģ˵̩Ȳ裬Ҳԡ
ûϣƹֻ˵衣
ڻƬ̣һӣķǡĿбӵʵһ񣺡ˡķǣżڵæտ⡣˿ɲڣðǰк
֣ӧ͵̧ͷ
ķȴûʵ۵һ˵ţԲƣһ
ʵ΢΢һЦӹǱ˵ҵһμĹӣ˲ס
£ʣ֪˺ȹֲ𣿡
Ʒһ£ʵ΢оȣʣ迴棬ƷʱŸоõܵ⣬Ʋȴƻ㣬֪кγ
΢΢һЦش𣺡ҶӺͻ䣬ƤƵġ֮ȥƤͻ䣬ǲ裬Ʒһ񡣡
ŶԺδ
ǸǲмƷ˹֮ڹڹ֪˲ࡣ
ؿʵ顣ķʱش̸ʮǢӧȴԽԽü
ģŲ죬ɴȥ˳ֺ鰵£û˵͵֪ʵۺӧˣٵ֪ķԸǰȥд֮࣬ҴҸϻء
ʺѱϣ˵˺ͳˡʧӭˡ
ʵ˼һ¾ʣ֮ǰ̩һֻΣ˵ԭҪġǮ
ʮƽ𡣵ֻ̩µġͣһ£Ц˵ȥҪǮһֱûƻûõ
⻰ѻʵҭסˡļٵģһ룬ͷǻûʣһأ
˵öԡΪ˴£ȥʳֺүһ٣˵̫Ӧûġ
ʵȻ̩Щʦ룬Ȼ˵㵹ǻ⡣ߣҪۣ㽻˰𣿡
ˡ
һʱ޴ӣʵȻˡ״ӧؿķһۣȥ
ڵذɷߣ˿߻ػʣʦ֣ΪΣӧû׼Ĵ㡣
һķǹЦ˼ҡͷԵ˵Ҿǹӧġҵ֣Ŀ¶׹Ҫˡ⣬˵ҹϮŮң
㵣㻹ǸŮ
Ǵİɡң䣬ȥҵҪӧҹϮ䣬ֻþ͹ˡ
ԣ͵ԹԾȣİŭߣһֻɫӣڽƽ⼸Ҿչˣһġ͸Сˡĵġ
ŭķЦҪҲСˣ̩ҪһƬҶӸҡ
һ㶣ʲôҶӣ
Ŀ¶ζʹһǶôﾡáءͣһ£ЦҲҶӸȤ
ٴŮɳƬ̾ʣʦֵ˼ǣӧоΪʲôҶӣ
Ҳ²⣬ǵġ
֤𣿡
һͬξϪ£ҹ˵һҶӣ̸ʵסŰɣңضһŹеͼסˣҶá
ɻؿô֪Ҷӣ
ӹûֽдš㲻ѧҽ
֪߻Ū飬ɷ˸ۣСһƬҶӻֻãԿġ
ﵽĿģķ˸߲ҵߡ߳ͷң˵߰ղһΡ
ķˣ˼˺һŷԸȥ¸ĽŲ鿴һ»ϢԼٴδܵȥ
ʱܲ鷿
£˴ʱҲȣҲôˣ
¤ܲ˵˴̽һҴСȥͷҶ˭⣿ߣ˵óּȥ̽ģ֪߳ܵĻ쵰
һ㶣¤Ȱ̰ɡֻҪϲûµġ
ѹѹͷѻ˵˿Ҳֻ̡߰ɣȥӱ󡣡
 

413 װһ¶

ܲʱͼűߴܹһŻҡۼֿ죬¤һӾͰŻ׽סӹһܲͣӳúÿ˪ѩ
ӭݸ£лѩãھǺټ
ѩãֺܺģ
̶ġ
ͷܲͻȻע⵽һֻܶصΣϸһ¾ʣֻûģ
ֻҲǳ̶ġҾúÿģʹһ۶գקܵƣȻֻʣ½ղȥţ
ȥ룬˵û£Ҳֻȥ̫Ƕǧȥ󹬣Ƕ
΢ͷлүġǽò룬ҽʲôҲȥġ
Ǿͺáڿ㣬ʹԶЩܲǿ
ٴεͷӦʣôȥս˰յ̵㶼ҪȻڸҲܲʰɡ
һⲻɰ˵ˡȥ԰ߣ˳ӴȥܡߣܲתͷԸ¤ȥֻ
ǡ
¤ܿݹֻáӣߣٿһ¹Ĳ¡Ǻܸɵġ
ϲֻø˵£Ķ䲻á
Ӿŵġ㱧Żѩãֻ룬תЦġұ֤Ű
žͺŰ
У㿴ûзԡӻһ£Цԣ߰ɡǻǸ˳ʱǽ˻԰Ĵܣʯɢһᣬܲץס֡
ԣӹһ˿׽꣡ϷҪݵװһ¶
һȣǺݺݰһۣһɨǣֻǿסһŵĳ嶯Ĭˣܲϲ
ŲһᣬͼһӰ
檰ݼү
ŶɡҲ⡣
ǰû뵽ҲڡǲܷܷܲǳɢǰżƳܲǣǵ֣Ŀһתʣֻصӣ֪ģ
ʣץסܲת壺壬أ
⡣Ӳݴקֻӵݹ
סӾ˾٣Ц뿴Ӻϡɣ
ȵؿӲɫëܷܷЦȷʵϡ档ƺǹвġ
԰ӲںԶĵطشţһתЦ£ȻҲڣһ߰ɣ
ܲȴʮɨˡܷܷɷ羰ûзԣܷܷذסȴⱧߡõ֣ܲپޱȰ¡
йһᣬܷܷע⵽ܲʱֻãת˵ãӺܿɰɡ
ܲԶʱˣСǣȻܷܷϲպˡ
󾪣ȥʲôû򲻸ã˵£Ǽģܽ衣
ģ
߷ġ檺˵˵ŵһӣպҪġںߡ
üܲʶмּʣǡɵӣ
شǡƳܷܷ΢ЦͷһæĿ˵Ĺӵӡ˵˰ŴӦһӡ
ĹӣܲȻ
¼ǵһᣬи˳ǸŮ˵ķǣ빫ʶ
ΣܲŶһʣö˶˵Ϊʲô⣿
ʶҶǼںġ԰ݳúܸߣܺӡٵؽƳһܷܷЦǣæ˵ɫˡ֪Ƕûϡĳʳ
һܷܷһ˼ЦаµǶɣãһȥɡһٿ
ǾʹŽˡ£߰ɡ
֪ΪʲôҪȥܷܷܲˣ˵á
һܷܷȥתɨһ壬ָһҡҡ˼£ȻһܡҡͷСһᣬͷŵĻѩãתסȻ˼
ܷܷԺ̻Ƭ̣ƺͻȻ￴ֿȻ㣺ѩأ
ˣʲһ֪ȥˣĴҡ
ô᲻ءǱֱšһ䣬˵ȥӡ
СǣȥҾˡ
ݸ˵СѩǾĸó̶Ҵģ˿ɲС˵ţתܷܷ˵ŵ£ȥȥͻ
 

414 

һˡܷܷϲæץסܲ£ȥӣᡣҵġ
ֻӣܲ˵ʲôζƻǴܣһºͣһʱ벻ƢɣƬ̻£һ¾ʣӺÿ𣿡
¾úÿҲúÿεεػشһ䣬һֻӵ˾ƣЦӯӯصݹȰʱµĹƣġԡ
ܷܷʩչסܲǱѾصӱ󣬻ûԺţͼӰһܡ
һֻѩԺܵû壬㿴㣬ܻ֪
͵Цһ£ͷϴ
ǱҽڰܲøܷܷģȻˣȻȥһӣԸͳչܣվ³˼Źдš
ʱةฮл԰κٸϹٷͤ塣
кڰɱѽѷ֡
о棬Ϲٷһӷ¾ʣةټְ׸֪к˼
ֻһ塣ľ˵öԣ׸޷Ҫƽ⡣
룬ľ߱µģ
ףκ˵Ѿּ½Ҷ˾ְɽ𿥸ңǮ¿ҲɽǶƽǰĶ䡣ܿ죬ǾͻṲˡ
ͣס壬Ϲٷ˼Ƭ̲ʣةñôǺ⣿
һӷУκЩζЦЦֻǲңԶĽ顣
ʲô
Ǻǡٸ벻ɣһ½Ҷͻۣ֪ңԶ˵½ҶھбֳɫϾһƷ߻ξùңԶΪ߾˾ͷܼʿԳֻʿ½ҶݰǣӾֲֻõȣʵá½Ҷؾգͽ½Ҷ׼ࡣ
˵꣬κ̾ˣˡ
Ϲٷȴ֣ɳкܶ˶²½ҶҴʲôĬ
԰һͻȻȴΪͻ۲Ŷס˹ӵĿʵٹٶΪ̫ɣΪǸֻڣ²ôΪ¶˵ңԶ൱£ܻῼǴ֡ôһ£ҾƲ˹ϵǼҺθɣ
һʵߵ
ȷʵо΢ٴδˡҽΪá
ԣϹٷžʣةľ̩ܳΪڶ𣿡
ؿκĬһ˲ҡͷ
ϧҾ̩볯ʮЭܻ£䣬¡ҲһչŻ֮
ٸԡۻʼ£ûԤ
˵ϹٷƷ˺һ˵ĵǱ߽䱸֮ս󣬾о룬ȻʼݱʧһɽУĴƱǿ׳ʵǰٿǧѩչϢģȴδزġɱ٢Ƽģ˭֪ܲС
ɫκο˵ٸ̫ġ𿥳ţ£Ƶġ
һᣬϹٷͻȻ˵硣ϯ˵һܾ˵£붫йء˵
ƺ˵£ǣ֮սԥһ£䡣
κٿȻ
ֻϺ۵Сۺһᣬκصʣ氲
ԡةҲ֪ҲԶʱΪϹ˵ġ󲻾ãע⵽˽ڲʲô£Ȼ빬ݡҲ֪ٲãǡš
üãκһȰٸʱǨ޶֤Щ˵ΪáҾã̫ӣʺλλǳ£ûҪ
̾Ϣһ£ϹٷĬĬͷ
ฮ̸ĺʱ֣ܲӱ
Сǣ
ǰһǣֻӭЦʣô
˺ܾˡġ൱صĹƣ϶ûȹԸ¤һܲ²˵кܺóԵ㡣Ҳ϶ûԹ
ôˣǲ֪˵ʲôźã˵ɵ²ǶǨŭҵġ
˲ˡЦ߹˵ʵ㲻ӵġֲǽϣӲᶪġ
֣һۣ԰кɳأһСĵɳô죿
ôɱ˳˰ɣŭܲɵö
̫ˡҪӾ͵ȥ
Цġ
׼ЦĹĵغһۣͷԸ嵹裬˵һղҵ俴Ҷȥɢ⣬ûģ̫ˡ
 

415 

Զԣ̯̯ܲ˵ѽ̫ͻݡ㿴ܷܷȰȥĵġҲᡣ
ǵȥǶѽ
ȥתһ룬Ц֪ңȥæ񡣡
Ȼ
ܲתһץסֻѩãȷͼŭˣٴνѵ
ضһᣬܲżʵһ˵Сӣݡˡ
״̲סЦ˵£㿴޳⡣Թˣٳôࡣ
һѡԲԡ
ӣһڵˡ̰ںãܲ˵Сǣûд̣ΨһһǿҧԵȳһƬһƬ㡣
˿ǺܸȤسԵƷζƬ̾Ϳ佱ȷʵܺóԣϸۣûд̡̫ˡϲûд̵㡣
ϲͺáҸ¤һЩܾˡ
ԼϲãǵЩӣʣһγԵǸİɡģ
ˣի͵ġգիʮүԳԣóչ⡣ݵؽȶһ̲ӹȣʢ޹㣬֡ն񣬼֮·;ңԶ֮ǰھû
ݣôģܲȵʡ
˵׽֮ʢˮΪ䲻㣬Ҳ٣һβһ˵Ѱ˼ҲԲ𡣡
룬ܲЦիͦġұζҲóԡ¤˸իЩˡЦ˼ע⵽Ƕ㲻˵˵СǣһһĵسԡٳһЩ
عǿЦЦס㡣ɺö˶˵㣬ųţԳĵĸо
ǿѹǿ¤£ŷм
΢ܲü֪ˣԼİšһ£Ƿ˶Ů鳤˵СǣȥЩ
͵¡
ˡĬԺСĺɫŨأ٣紵ţ䡣
޹㣡
ݡ
һ壬ʢ޹㣬ζûд̡һЩྩţܾˡ
֮ƶϡ
֪իķǵĲҵôЩ޹ض˲׽˵ǣͨի͸Լϡ
ŵվˡ
ĬĬ˱ۣûнݣվԺУƾҹķ紵ϣᡣ
ǶԴᣬܷܷ﷢Ƣ
ˣǲףүôءʲôõġˣˣ
˵ܻ޵ŮȰϲ븮ãү϶档Ӿˣǵүθڡһ°ɡ
סڣ̣ҿɲҶˣǸߵģ˭ѧݺݵáһᣬ͵סкһ˴ȥ˵үϲӹ˻꣬ŶӲˡ
ǡ
ٴ˸Ůӵгʹޣ̩鷿ӡ븮һ̩
߽ܲʣʲô
ûشֱںӣٶƬ̣תػش𣺡£ҴǰԶݼһˡҴ㡣˵ȻʷԸġ
ȵصһᣬܲæߵǰϸɿ˰β⣬ֻʣҵģ⣿
Ҳ²ȻµաҲ²ֻܵԼˡԪʮһ¶ʮ壬աλߵĻתһ顣
ĬĬ꣬ܲ壬һʱӿסȭƬ̣ŵ˵ɸûκּ⣬Ͷûеġ
ȷ³֮ǰκκηʽţ
϶ҡͷ
£üɻһ̾һ£ºúÿɡ岻Ҫòɵ֪ҪŪˣֱ²³յס
Ŵյͷ
ֱ̣ɳĬһ·˵ߵ¤˵£ϲˡ
һͬʱ̧ͷԷЩɵۡţͻȻʣ£̽˰ɡ
ǰܲʶػش𡣻ڣЩڣȴӿ˵ˣºη֮Գϡ㸮Ůڶ࣬ѱûĴ⣬Щ£һ
ܲһ£ԭҲǡܵ
޷ǡмйأҲҪġ
á¤Сǽ
Ǻ߽ܿɹȻӹһ˿⣬ȴƿĿ⣬װЦЦû뵽빫⡣
 

416 ʹ

˶٣ûֻŵʳС
Ǵʳóһ£Ե١һ㿴̫
û뵽ԼԵģܲϲһʱ˸ʵգڲ࣬ЦģǲǺܺóԣ
ܺóԵģԳһ¡
ܲûףͻȻ˵£һûܶøҳ԰ɡ
ܲһ
Ҳһɵÿȴⲻ˵£ҹԶ˲ã׷֣˯ߡԵģϴҹˡ
ܲشһȻùֻ룬һڣζ佱һ䣬ɿذԵ
ֱط룬ܲǻعˣһǻˣһѵɣ̫ˡ˭Եģ
̯̯֣Ц³Թˣһš˵ĳճɫ߶ŵһٷΣ
һģܲ첻֪òüһЩЦã֮࣬ݺѵһ䣺ǡȻԸ¤óͳԵ
¤ӦǲԵܹܣ˿̹ʱ֣óע⡣һţըͷͺá
һ㶣¤һӣͷǡ
¤ȥˡתͷ˵¿ȥ衣
ţá
Ȼˡܲջ߲ſɡ˼ϧһܲһֱ֧һ£˯ˣ
û̧ۿЦЦˣû
㡭˵Ϲ߷ûóԣ
ҡͷʵ˵½빬ͷҶ󣬻ʵ۴ӧȥ߷㡭±λ˶Ǯ

Ҹʮ㸶׼ʸҪʱʵ۾ɫѿµҪʵ۲㣬ͽ̫ҪǮ
ٴסܲɴ£˼һ˵Ҹ̫ҪǮֵܹġ
ʼ磬˵ȥˣٵװһ£ʵۻΪѵġ
ôоܹ֡
û˵꣬ǻˣһ裬һ㡣
ܲ˲裬˵£ܹ˵ҶЩɫģԺòã
ӹƷһ£ܲ佱˵̫Ƕȹˣúܺá
ݸ˵Ҳܺóԣ³һɡֻһ⣬ܲԼԵ
չܲǣɰƣתһʣ£ΪûвȣҲûУ
빫ӣЩԵġһ£ǺѾһٺȲ軹Ը㣬һỹԵ̫಻׷֣Ӱ˯ߡ
û뵽Լ˵ĻԼȻ
ܲȴЦЦһͿ佱Сǣݡ˵öԣɣ׼ôߡ
Ȼת˼ٳ
ͷԼҲ죬ֺܱƣһԣȲȥҲ˵ԿһᣬȻܲͻȻȥ̲ס²ǲˣǿһǰɼֹסøɫ
ľԼԼϾܲʣɣղ˵ʲôСйϵ
һ㶣æ̧ͷ
һ¾˵Ҵ½Ҷ˾ְɽƷǮ¿Ҳɽͬ˾Ϲ¡ͣһ£˵У̫½Ҷͻ顣
ǵ͸Σǲָ飿
ԡʺиԶŮֹУܿһؾ¾ͻ̡
ң壬Ƕʱż˲ˣæʣа취ֹ𣿡
µ񣬾ܾʺҽףڱؾܾʵ۵࣬õİ취ּС
û뵽ô˵ͻȻɴĿİŭУҶȢʲôʺŮ
һɲ̧ۿɷ˫ĿɵúֺܴĹ⣬ȴ־Щ̡ʧһ˲ɵοֻȨ֮ơּɻ飬ҲֻǼٳס
ٳסִ˵ȻʹǡһҲץ̨ݺŭ߳˵˵Ϊ㣬Ϊ˴ʲôʲôԷ˽˵ֻ⡣
ͻȻ׺һʱסʯ䣬̨Ҫҵϣܵһƫͷ飬ֻϺǫ̃շ˹ȥƵڹϣһء
 

417 ҵ

УܲҲһһǰҧסһըëģæס֣ţСǣȱ𼱡𼱡зӵġ
˿ûֱܲŶɾ㵵飬ƺֱֻˤ̨һ˲ƺƽ͵طһ£˦֣ܲһţվߡ
æץס䣬Сǣ
ڶ˦ҲƵʧ⡣
ˣܲƬ̲תɡԼգָϹżѪ顣
ָϵѪɫú֣ƺԳƺ޹
ﾲɶָѪָܲ˭û˵֪Գ˶ã죬¤ʳнˡһڵ˺ľֻ֮ÿһ˵£ţˡ
عܲתͷ˿˵ɣȳԷɡ
ûһָѪץһͷ
ܲרĵؿйͷֱԵĸͻȻʣϲ߹ǣ
ԡϲţ⣬ѼҲпӡҲͻشȻͷ˿һͷٳһţ͵ظܲȴ΢ü˵ͻȻˣǲڷԸȥţ߹ǵģ֪ϲԣ⽻ͬҲע⵽ˣʱһɨԵ˸߲ҡ
˼һһԡ¤һֹ
ֱسԱˣ¤ųȥʳУٴγȥ衣
ס֪ǼʻǱƵܲʣͻ»᲻ӧɢļϢ
ҡͷ¶ʮ䣬´ͣȴ빬밲һ磬оʹ̫ͻϢû鵽˭ڹƻ˭˻ʺ·ɱϿĪĶ衣
һط£䶨֮գضıĴѵϸ֮ĹлضƲ塣ǣº㡣ɻҶȢ˻ʺŮлȫϽ̡ˣûɾܻ飬Ͷס
ʲôܲʣ˵̫û׼ŹСǣ¡
Ҳ²⣬̫ûּ£ܱܱܵȫԴͻǳ⣬Ҳǳ⡣͸ζ
üܲƺݺݵصã͵վһӣôôôܹӲأ
ԵķŭĬȻƬ̣Цһ¾˵ǹӲšмµ²֪ɡһǰ乬籽գݵլʧĲСһѡ
ģԾһ£ܲƬ̵յоɻΪãʵۻҪɱΪΣ
ΪѻʵۡﳼлޣͿܾͲοˡ
ܲһ
¸òµ˰ɣ٢ѷžֻšǰ۳µľͷµˣǵļСҴ档˶٣Щζز䣺Ҳ²Ӷʵۣкܶ˵𣬲ֻš֮ҲͷУʼյ⣬ʼգܡ˲Զܡ
һ鵽ԵĻǰʺڽǰ˵ֻǱѡʵ飬Щҡȥ乬·ԸŰ֮գʵٲãˡ

ͷ
˼ţܲļŸĩ˵ʵ˵ûġ˵ʲôģ
û뵽ܲȥˣͷһ̲ס˵£ûʵ۲ģȥԼ鷳޷ִɻʵȴôôΣֻȥġ
ѵԼܲͻȻˣһŭ㣬㻹͵ôˡ˵˵ȥ;ԼôΪʲôûϻ
¡㱾ͿԲȥ
˵ɡʵҴȥԵ飿
ֱӺͻʵ˵ݲʡֻǴ빬˭ϲأ
Ȼܲһ룬Զԡ
û˵ˣǿֻʱľӣ㲻ҪĴȥ
ݺһܲʾز⣺Ϊƾҵġ
ǡʱˣˣһڵطʡ
ߣҵġ
 

375 ˵Ц

չȥˡ
ûл
ÿһ˯ǰǶһ飬ȻղͲÿʧ豭Сֽʼдţδ飡
գǶֽϵ֣ĬĬصᡣ
ٵȥҪ̣ձʱˣҪ޸ˣ
ˣ
תתǰעҪķ롣ΣţҲšȽᣬһؾ۵һա
ĬĬץסǰ͵ƣǼֻԼԽĻ˵ڣҵ㡣
ˡ
ٿޡ
ֽдһС֡
Ӵֽţվڴǰʧĺ㣬ʧ䡣
ϣӰļƲߣòֽƬסξ
ãá
ξװͷһ̻ظˡ״½Ҷʣ㣬ҽ˵ʲô
˵ﲻϣʵڸȥҪšӰˡΣ½Ҷ̯̯֣ٴȥɡ
һʱị̃ڹи١
Ų졣ס٣ձģ
ձڻʺţҲڡʲű³鷿̱ϵȡű԰ɢ
ߣǻӪФһȥȥݼʺҿʺ̵֣ģյФɦŪˣҲ˱Щˡ
ǡͦץġ
˵öԡӱڻס˺üء
Ӳ֣̺ĹŮ˵ū˵һֵ£˵ľǻ
תüңʲô£
ʲŻ˾Ҷ˵Ӿмֵ˾֪˵ϸݸףǰƸ˲Ŀū澲²⣬˻ʺЯû׼Ϊ˶ƽ·ӡ
ûʣô˹
һЦǹŮŪ֪ƽº½Թ°ɣģΪ˱Щû½ӵ鷳½Ӿͼ޸˻ĵ
˺һᣬȷʵĽ̫Ů٣½
ǰɷ˼꣬͵ƣֵôŵġһز֪ʹʲôֶ˵үӲǰݽĻ˶檣ݼóʮĲڳֵ÷зϹŮƣȫǵЦ
ǹŮɫذЦ˵һ飬Цū澾²¡ĵɱ²֪ء
û뵽һ磬Ŀ΢УòʣݼϼΪʲôף
ū澲²ⲻǽ˵˼𣿡
֪𣿡
æڱ¸ǰ裬ڻʺǰڣûҲū澾ûǼ¡
˳˼ðξЦŵĺûᡣˣ·
ǡ
ʱױϣ԰ȥ
԰һװشŹŮߵĻʯߡû߶ԶȻһϮơ
檸밲
ʵЦЦҲˡҲˡ
ĵó谮ֻʱѹķͷ˿̱ȻȻ߹ס˻ʵۡбۿһ£簵˴λֱߣȻûɫֻš
µŻʵţһ磬ͻȻЦһ
ú֣ʵתʣЦʲô
檿ͻȻһرЦ£ԡˡ
Ǻǣʲôôˣ˵ҲЦһ¡
»Ц£˵ĽҪ޸ݽĶ檡ݼҾȻʮ㣬ݺŶףһƽһƷСƸҲֻΪ˶檣ݽһóʮǴֱʡĽֵǮء
粻֪£һ
ʵȴüʣĽ㣿
ǰ¼ǵ𣿶ǰ̫ǰиŮٽǣº½
û˵ʵ֣Ȼأһ˺ܾõӰԺСƬ̣ʣ޸Ķӣ
Ӣ˵ݽĶΪ˳˻ˣ޷ΡǼȥɣռǿΪϲؽǣϲɣ͸ѳᡣ˵Ķ˾ܻ㣬ˡѽ׮ڳﴫüҼһ֪ءʵ۹Ȼע⵽ˣͼӴףñȷ䴫Ÿ
ԽԽǾȣʵ۲ʣϹŮΪʮƽ𣿡
 

376 

ʣʵظ̾ǰ£˵Ǻܿĸ꣬˹ʣЩһֱûܼ޳ȥ½үԹд󹦣Ůȴ䵽˼ĵزһͬ˵ţͻȻʣã㲻ǻ̫Ͼ㣬ôȰȰ
Щģæ壺㣬Ҳ֪¡⣬İɣ
ƸȥˣĵֵóҼҲĿм٣ɱ£檾ǶƷԱȻиŮڹУǸˣѵͽ̷𣿼ֻǷһˣܷ̱ҲǸ֪֡ôģȻŮ޸ˡҲ˵ϲʣͲѽ
˿磬ʵʣĲ֪
ͷһ£Ĳ֪ʵǣδˡ
ԽԽùŹ֣ʵɢĵˡ
˻ʵۣ磬Цã˵㡣˹ѧȡ¶ͦӡģȻ˸ȢȰ빬̷¡ǽҲ໥ӦɽһǶƷһǶƷ飬ѰҲգȴһŲ岻׵ףôнᵳ֮ӵġ
˵ⷬתֻȥˡ
ԭãβź޺һţߡûһӶͣһطԸԷͻȥǸڼŻšȥЩô
ǡ
ԷææźˡڵУŻʵĲɵģͷ޽ӡ
ʱĹŮʣΪʲôûĽ빬ǽ֣Ƕ鷳
ǺǡǽźءǽһᶷһɽۻֵʡĿһתӹһ˿
΢һǵĻ£Ͳµˣϼҳ꣬ĸ׵ŮԹǲԺ͵ġĻᣬֵðա
һߣʵĵĻ
ù˵£ǻϲ̺ɡֻҪһ仰
̧ͷ㲻úܹŹϹ·ʲô裬ֵ÷зأ滹ҪҪˣ
£ūżǵϴһճСӡ˹ضȡ֮ǰŵܸܵңŸ
ʣҪūȥ
ͷ
𣿡
ȥ
֪ʵȥǶõϣ۾Ҫð
ץסڻʺǰģ֪˶˼ŵõʺЯԾسڻʵ۵ǰȥˣеŮ۵Ĳ࣬ʵֿǣֺٰòżסʵ۵ĽŲû뵽õľ汻ƻˡ
ţͷݣҲóԡ
ȵڣԷڽŲҴҵػϺš
ٲ֪ŮΪʲô׷ʣ¡ϽԻЧˣݼ׵ϸ¸ְ֪ܾŮծ־Ҳ˵ˣĩ˵ﲻ֪ĸڲ߻һΣӧƽ֮ضЩĬƽ϶Ϊ˶Ը½Ҷ¶Ǽ޺˾Ҳˡ׸ǴкôȰѼ˴ߣͰˡڹú̷ʵۡպΪλ˰һѣ㾡ӣһٹˡ
ͷβ飬ɫѿ
Ҫ˰׺ݣԷЩĥһ²ŵ˵ūڹŴ̫һ£˵׮ҥԴ˺ö죬һ׾ʹˣи۷׷סǡʲôϵүľ
˵ãһ˵硰ž˸ӣҵǹˣʲôͿأҲǡĴ²Ȱ軹Բٰ죿˼ҴżǣҪĽҲôɵġôֻ֣˼ڮŮƣᵳӪ˽ԹٵİѱǼҲǻ׹ݣҲ½õȻݣܻ鹫⡣ʲô֪֣ˣºˣץס˻ᣬҲˡһӶǴ
һԷٳ
ܻˤ˺üӣ߷ߵվ˺üȦӣٴ˼Բߡڤ˼˴ʱһɳ©ԸױֱʺС
֪԰һĻʺƬ̲˵ǼʵǲܣĻҲû¾Ͷ⡣¹꣬»ãɡǸȫķӡһ˱¸ˣ֪ʶȤ㸸׾Ͳ˼˵лˡ
 

377 ԸΪ̫

û뵽ʺͬ빬簵üתάȣ檾塣и׵ķӣΪܶס졣
˵˵ɡ
˵꣬ʺãͷ˺󣬻ʺߵĸ㶼ˡΣ
ūֻǵ֪᲻᲻ˣһ빬أ
԰ֻʾ̫빬ϲʡ淸ףǷ⿪Ů빬õɲ̫Ķ𣿡
ūˡ̫Ϊǲʣȴڱ¸ǰ˵˵Ļѵ⡣֮»Ϊʣ޹ء
΢΢һЦ֪ġ
¶ʮߡգǾҪˡ
Դһծ½Ҷδţƺ˽㡣ǰ佻޶½˵֪Ӱڰ£ȴ׷ʲ飬ֻüġ߷ưܾ㡣ۿ־磬ƺھȿ֡
ע⵽޾ٶϹ˿ӧһϵȴĦȭƣ׼á
糯ʼʱʺ̫󹬡
˰˵̫󣬳мҪ
̫ңֻ¹̫̺򣬡˵ɣûˡ
ջű԰˵мֵ÷з˲̫ˡ檾áһȫķӾ̫빬̷¡ȱȫñ¿ģ֪̫úϲʣ
΢⣬̫ʣ˭
ǻĽ㣬ǡ
һ£̫΢΢ü
״ʺ֪Ȥذ׮µʼĩϸһ飬ֵ檾üȻϲҲ޷ϾЩͬʾ̫źáи뷨֪̫ûȤһ

Ŀ̫ÿɷֻʣΪʲôã
Ŀ͸Źζ纮ëһæ˵檵ĽǸרһˡ
Ƭ̣̫ӻ֣ʺöԡǻذɣ°һʡ
ǡ
ʺˣ̫ʣӣô
̫ūž͸Ź졣
˵˵
ϰףŮؽڲ٣ѳҲеġȢδŹ֡䣬ôͣοӽ£֮ҡūΪϴŮǲģǽᵳȡĳ档
̫ͷ
ūŻΪģ׮¾͸ĵȴǽ֪˲Ŀ˵˲ڱ֪꣬ĿΪΣūžֻǼʻЩӵʥ죬µǰȥ˵
Σ̫ЦǴĻǡӣ빬
ǡ
ʱ̣Ϲ¸ոɢڹĺ¹¾СŹү̫ټС㡣
Ϲ͵ش˸ôأ
ְּ֪ⲻҵ飬ܼԻͣСѾˡ
òȴҲ޷Ϲ¼˼һ£ԸȥԼҲȥţҴһ˸
ʱǽ̫󹬡
Ů̫밲̫ǧǧǧꡣһؾİ£ݣ͸ֲ԰׸УȴΪƽһֳޡ
һᣬ̫˵ƽɡ
л̫󡣡ü˳۵վţһԲ
˵Ҫˣ
ǵġ
Ǹʲôϵ
Ů޹ϵŮһѡ
ش̫ζЦЦСǣ˴ĻǵɢµҥԣǲΪ˼ң
û⣬ǹ˵̫ҥԲǳŮɢŮԸ븸ִУһӦ¶ڲٰ졣Ů֪˭ɢҥԣǡһתŮ²⣬ҥԻƽйء
˵˵
Ůıܲǰڶ¾ɺޣ֪Ů׵ľЩ¡
ɹΪ鷳
̫ΪݲǽܣӺЩգְġ֪ıȡķ֡ɵذݼңͶƼӺһĩ˵ﱻشΪҲְȴΪǳŮģӻޡǰ֪˵˳Ůĸ״ӦݼһƵ飬ȡ߶Ĳµֻͼذ
ޱ̫꣬ʣû֪𣿡
Ů²֪
յ֪¾㵲ѣʮֿΥ󰧼ʹˡΣ
һ˲ش𣺡ߵл̫ʴȡŮֵ̫֮ģֻǵܵδˣǣҡŮԸΪ̫ǣֻչ˳Ůĵܵܡ
 

418 п

һԲϣִ
ĴϢٻ԰ᣬܲɵӡĺãıƴӣһֱ졣ȴΪǳòɿ
ƶ㻥˺һᣬ֤ܲ˵һǵĻԼˡҰմĹļޣ֮С
û޸㡣
ߣּ̫ܲͬˡ
̫ıɱ㣬ȴ˵ּ⣿ʡ
㡭
ԽԽ¤ȾΣŽȰ£빫ӣҹˡǳôġ
͡
˵꣬һקסⳳ㡣ߡ
֣ɺͳ
Ӳקܵرպϣںڰиռһǣ˭˵ȴƺŶԷ
˲֪ãؿڣЩҲھǣΪҵȥˣľȻµ塣Ҹϻˣӧ֪ҵĹڣ͹޵Ӷھ¶ʮšһڸﰲڳӦ׸Ѳ֮ճҺģʵӧҵ鷳ɵ֪ΪʲôôĵضԸ𣿡
ڰУܲ£üȴ
ǰҶ˶еĶȻеһһֺ¼ǵ𣿡
Ŀ¶أȻû
ӧġΪ˾ӧĺ֣֮ÿζʤԽǡע⵽СǡͰ⶯ϡϲһ֣Ϊ˶ԸҶΪң˵Ϊصܡ
۾ںڰŹ⣬ضܲȴͻȻһѿڶҲ²⣬ʵ֮ûɱ㣬ΪĴ˼ɣһֱȻµ塣Ҳҵõ£벻֮ء
ͫܲĬһʣֻǲģ
ʦֵġϲ͸һӡʦִӦ͸ˡ
ķǣ
š
һռİӣܲ򴽾˵ȰѴ꣬СǵԺ˵˵ȷʵˣѻҶ˵úһöӣѹѪ˽
ӹһ˿ȣĬȻƬ̲ԳΪ̣ΪӡԻ߶ԣҹ²ߴ̣ΪߣνȲƱս̡ȻҲ˵塣ȻʾǰԼ˾Уס˻ʵۣס˵ƽ
ʲ֮ʵЩȡ£ϣʼռǵý֮ġһֻӷǽڵļϣʧܵһߣصڰ͸Ź¼ŵζ
ܲվţֱӿҪϨˣŴ򿪰šһ鷿壬һҹߡ
ӱǰǶ˳ȥݺݵҶйòŶڴǰʡ֪Ƿɴ˭ģȴԽԽġ
⣬̾ϢֹȥȰ塣Щ£Ҳʱ˿̣ҪĲǰοȰ⣬ǶԺúõؿһֻߣҪǸ˲⣬˭Ȱõġ
һҹȥˡڴǰվ˴ޣֱس¶ƺˣȰ˵¡
ӱɺܾڸŮȴˡѾ߷ϴѱϣֲ߹ŴӿϲѾߣһʳȥǰԺ˺þòſƺܲ˵سʳвˡܹȥԸЩԵģţ߹ǡֵá
꣬üȥҹ˵ùȥүӱ𣿡
ǵġ룬˵˵Թţҹ˵ùȥ߹еࡣ
ߣǲǴҹȥô¤ȥҹ
һ㶡
Ŀһ˿ŹֵĹ⣬ͣ
ū˽ʹϵˣûС
ת㲻úܹ𣿡
ū澲ס
ûнͣޣ˼˼ʲôһѾ߽˵˵үԭġ˭֪ϲӣֵӱȥˡ˵ӻṴꡣ
ꣿЦòŷԸּ䡣
̺ȥĻؿ˿ɳ©Ҷȥ
ɢˣϾŻص͵֪ŮСʱû԰Ůֵֺɫʣض£
عһͰ븮ҹ˵һ飬Ȼ˵Ҳ²үʲôˣȴ˵û͡
 

419 

ؿŮһᣬʣʲôˣ
һŮү빬ǻʵ۴ͷҶʱ˵꣬˵ƻʵ۶ģΪ̫͸үʵۿѽ
˵ʲô
ŮԽԽùŹ̫֡ͻ᲻⣿
ûֿѻҶĺɳأĬò˵ضҪѡˡ߹㣬Ӯ˵ġһپ٣һ𡣾ˣȥδӣ
΢΢ҧԥƬ̣ʣ֪ô룿
š䲻𡣡
ٿȻۣصһԼȹǡץסվȣٵش˼²̾ϣŮô
Ͼɷ򡣵㡣û̫֧֣𣿡

û緹ûɵػص˺һᣬѾȥܲ
鷿ءŷصݡ
ƾʲôܽȥϲͽȥˡȥͨķúܣɫغǳ⡣
ûִŷޱתһ̺߻æţء
˵ģ˵ģ
˵ġ
Σغݺһţͷȥ
鷿ܲûصȥڿ塣
֮һգܲĶûȥ˳鷿о壬ȴ˿ͷ
գЩͷǵϷյŶͷ࣬¤Ȱ쿴̫ۡȥߣɢһ£û׼ܿˡ
ĳȥй䣬վⲽȦӣڼߵţ£ϲ
ǣܲ˶ٻ˵
߽˵£̶˵Ҷͻصˡ³棬ƽһңûҶҲ
ƽùãԾһ£ףԡ磬ܴҶ
ҡͷǻش𣺡ĽֻǻӣҪӱ¿ῤԼܾ
ü
£񱻸ְУǽύʱƷŻܾ֮ѡةѧة֧㣬˳⡣Ҫǣֶƹܾ׸꣬Ծǵʵġ

Ҷã֮ǰگضӧ͹Ļɡҵģͻľٶ̽ңң֮⡣£׶ʮ򣬼㲻ΪãҲҪǱźá
һ㶣ܲɵõͷҲĪĹ⡣һ̣ͻȻȥߣ¶˳ᢵļ㡣ԾؿһᣬĪ½
Ƭ̣ףá¤ȥ׼վͰͳȥ
ǡ
ӦǷɲ٣΢Цһ˵ʱ¼װȰƽǲ飬㶼ûҶǮ¿ǸЩԻύӾˡ
á
㿴ƺۣ岻𣿡ע⵽ü΢Ǿʡ
⻰ͻظ˲٣תôѵõعˣ⼸ûȥ㣬𣿡
һ㶣תۣɿػش𣺡ûСֻǵˣûᡣ
ķǡϲУ
ǹ㡣Ǵ˿һϣˣҲᵹùġ
ܲ͵ˣЦ˼§ס޵ͬɡСǣʵԵֵģҪͲ޸ˡ
ͻȻƶһ죬æ˦ϷԡֲԼˡ
Զءס֣ҳȥɢɢüˣҼĶûȥۼˡ
֣һָֻѣ˵ʳԡæʲôѵ˯
תͷ˿壬ܲһþ㿴óʲô𣿡
һᣬ˵һͼ𣿡
Ȼܲȥۺڰݺᣬһй˵һ壬ôһͼأ
һɻʧЦһҶĿһ壬֡㿴ռ˴󲿷֣ӡ岼һۿȥһͼ𣿡

ݸһ㿴
ҵֽ̿ʼ軭һ̺˱ʡ
뿴
ѩ׵ֽϣɫīߵʹէȥһͼ
鷿̻ͼͬо塣һԵķǿһҡͷһ֪ˡңɾƣ䡭û˵꣬һ߽
Ĺӣλع㡣
 

420 ǵͼ

ϲķվʦܣˡˡıӰҡҡͷȻ̡
̺ƹߵţӣ̩ˡ
Ŷ
ҲڣüëԾһ£˶ٽŲ߹ûʣܲóֽݹ
ɣ㿴С˵ͼ̻ġأ
ͼһӹϸһᣬȻת߻ط䣬ϴĺڰӣó¥ϴֽһȶ԰Σȵתͼ֪ܲʱǸ˹
򴽣ɤмַɣʣСǣô֪ͼ
һʱûĸˣǻش𣺡򵥵ĻвգǸֻǲΪ˳кӵġ
룬ٴλͷȥ̡һΣ֮£Щɢҵĺһֻֻʻƺ͹̣ߵʹ䡣
ǣǵͼ
ݸǸͣԡͼŰӹľǸطĴ
˱˴˿ͬʱͬʣʲôط
û˻شó
˼һ£ʣͼг𣿡
һܲ˵Ǹҵġ
Ϣתѣ᲻ǻʹ
ٴһ㶣ܲæ˵ٻһšѰӵճ֪
һ̣˱ʣܲùϸãҡͷ̫ʹĵͼûȱǵġСǣأ
ҡͷҲ֪طо֣ƺ˵ʲôȱǣҲȱǣ
ٴδ۵Сۡ
˼޽⣬ֻʱáͷǺ£ܲ˵¡ǰڹ᲻һЩͼֽȡһ»ҳˡ
ʱˡˡСȥ¥緹һתǵߣкͬСԥһ£װ˳ģȥ
վԭؿǵıӰͷơת˺üͷŵͷ԰ȥܿ죬ҵ֦ĥ
ܲǺܿ¥ѡٽֵŸŷҲ¡
ճһᣬŷͻȻתȵ˭
һƬһůоһƬëޡһ΢ЦʣСѽ
ӯֱߣתת飬ָָʺ⡣
ʮȤһƬڿյƵǰ԰ɡ
ɿسꡣ
𣿡
ͷ
ȵؿһʺ˸ɾ̲ܲסʣСǣǣʶ
ϸָһëЦǰ͹ꡣȻʣʲô
̧ͷˣٴת飬ָָϵ衣ӷǰ
ֻۣϵĶγ˸顣ԽԽܲ˵һӶˡôԵôࣿƺ֡
ַ֡ѿڣӰһ䣬ܲסŷȴ˲عҲ붪һֻӿסצһŭ߳һֻݺȥ
ȴУ򣡡
һŷһ٣һ̾ʹϮ͵һ֣һܲקץһֻӭս
飡
׷ɵǽϣƬĽ
Ļʱ󲻼ˡϵϱǽ塣ŷһѪڣδѪܲǱؿǽҪŷͱˡ
ңҲ˺úõسԡ֣
֪ǰԷ߷ߵǴһ䣬ʣ£û°ɣ
ع񣬡û¡СҪԶֲ̫ˡ˦˦ͷܲ˶ʣŷ˵ô
û£Сˡ
ߣظһ¡飬ܲٳԣظȥˡ
ܲɨ˵أķիġĺܴ˵һѧͻᡣ
εգۣһָֻԹԣ
Թԣ


һᣬúȤЦűʣĺܴ˵ǲΪס˵ǸʲôӰôģ
ǺǡǾǸ˵˵˵ġ
۲תţȻһЦóһͼǰͼǲһ
İͼķлһ˿ϷʣȴһؽӹͼϸƬ̣ͷش𣺡ơ򡣡
Ŀָĵطü֣˵￴ǿյġ
˵ͼģͼСЩٷŴſü
ûƭң
̯̯֣Ц㲻ţҲ˵ˡ
ߣˣ
ţʣȻ⡣
 

421 ⲻ

ĺʱ֣ķǻص߷ͼſɼͷβ͡
һͷķǹֵʦܣ֮ǰһֱʲôʱԭˣ
Ұ¶ԭˡ

ķǷݹֽʦ֣һͼ㿴
һ㶣ķʱûӹϸþ˵ôȷʵмͼŶе졣
죿Ķˣһקסʡ
ûز֣㿴㣬ֱֹԽԽûִˡţ͵͵ҵĶ顣ȡΪûѧؽѵ˼䣬Ƭ̲˵һͼҿ͹ͼҲ²ǻʹͼ
ʹ
ϴҸбһͼǻʹģ
죬ٴϸһ飬ֽܵ
ʱܲӱǲ̴ӣ˵ʲɹ˵ͼǻʹͼȫ
ȫǾȵ룬Ϊʲô
˵ط빬һ񡣵û˵õİ취õʹĵͼȽϡ
ƬָķǲʣʹĵͼѰ׼Ӻδ跨
鷿һǡ濴һźܴͼ֪ڲڡ񸮵ļҪҲһݡ˵ҪǷݿӧ

ͷܲƬʣӱ¿øβ˵ܾأ
һҡͷش𣺡£ǸŵˡվڵµһߣҪȰ˵⣬ȰҲáǱȨλˣǽͷݡͣƬ̣ˣºηŵغȻµͼʾ֮Գϣ
ȵؿһᣬǣ
ĬƬ̣ġ
һܲͷ˵ɻ˵ҶĴͻֹ̫ע⵽˵ͻỳ㡣跨ӣҪʱ䣬æµӵ
ûΪ˷Ƣü˼š֪ĿûдֻǽܲƺĮȻ̬ȡ
ҹˣڰУ˸һߣ˭û˯šãͻȻ£
⡣
뵽һ취鷿
һʱ˯ȫܲҲתʣʲô
д磬ͬʱӧסʵ۵ߣ֧ڼ࣬³ûȥ鷿ԭҵֻ㡣
ץסãܲһصصͷԡʱй磿
Ҷͻ顣
㵣ܲɵʣ֮ǰܷԵģô
ȷʵԣҲû˵̫ͻ飬ƶʵǣơµǿΨһİ취ǡҵ㹻֤ݡһݡźڰһĨɫҲɭϵԽãԽǲ볯ˣʵ۲һֱȥġ
һ˲áˣյҪúĥĥ
һҹΰѡ峿ۣת˿һܲ¡

£
£
˼ӦЩżæ£Ż谵ĳ⿴ȥᴥĶͷ
ûй̡
£
벻ֻͨҡɲ
ҡ˼ûӦǾˣȴеһһ˫ֱ§סһֻüһʧصˤ˳ƱܲһЦʣ𣿡
̧ͷϵ׽͵طӦҲץһԵ񴷺ҡһܲһ
ʹ
ץסݺƿһ´ܻذֻٴҹڶζ㿪ܲʹұҡͷ̾СǣҿЦôװɡ
ڵزСеˣȥҽ١²ˡ
һӦţŲ
ܲȴʣв
ʳԵĲ
죬Զԡ
һռƽ¡½ҶصǣϽ̾һš
ʱһ̣͡ƽ򸾴Ǯ¿ӱ¿򸾴ܾӦأλԳϯ½Ҷϯ
ܲٱԶƽ˵ؾôãѵùùǼ磬ùΪȾһ
ɨһ½Ҷƽؾٱ̩ˡ
ƹѲܲ˵СǸңҶȥëçײڹùǰʧ¿ЩͻҶȥ㲻ԡᣬúõظ¿ǡ
ԣ½ҶƱһϿҵ˵ǮӣȥҲ¡ҸǮⲻǡ˲С˹ԭҰɡ
 

422 ˽

û뵽ĵǸǮ¿һ㶣û
״ӱ¿Ц¿˴ǳе£ûʲô˵ģȻ½Ҷ֪ˣԭһذɡ
ǰǮӣ½СүǰС£˶ˣǳĳظǸպ͸үү϶ƫ̻ġϯЩ֣ҶЦſԲ
û뵽ǻܲ΢Ҳһۡ
ϯ䣬ǮȻһӣЦ˵öԡ¿ȥ¾ˡھлҪµġ
Ƴһ۸ףǮ¿ƱСүˡȻүڣǰ¾ˡ
ǮӴȣȸΪ
̵½Ҷ䣬ܲ⡣һ磬ʱị̃ǡһ˶ƽ½ҶȻסܾ˼ۡתܾɨһܲٿأȥ
̺ܾ˻Ȼ½ҶڵԼ½ҶƹӣͼǶվڻȹսǴ½ҶվӺ棬ƺˡԥƬ̣˹ȥСǡ
תͷ΢΢һЦ硣ΪǣˣЩӻʵûΪɣ
ҡҡͷ΢ЦЩӣ˶ٲʣү㡭𣿡
ͦõġ
ǿЦЦֻ˵Ǿͺá㣬⣬һү֪
֪Լش𣺡ү֪ʵ벻Ϊ滴Ҷ˵ģֻĿڶ࣬ӡ
ܾһ
磬ž̫Ҷͻ飬Ůǻʺݡ֪֪˽ã
ٴһ˵һȥٸ㡣̫ΪҪҶͻ飿
̾һԳЦЦ磬Ҳ㡣̫Ҽ޸үͼӦչҵܵܡͻ飬ǣҲǶ衣
תͷܾ뵽ʲôȻսȭ
үǰߵ㣬ȥһɷ񣿡
һۣܾǰȥ
ǰвԶĻܲվڻ˼ͣһ£߹ȥү٣֪Ϊ˺£
תͷܲʣҶͻ֪𣿡
ͷ
֪кο
Ĭһ£ʣȻ֮ӣͬҲǽϵĳӡ֪¾Σ
ܲĿ¶ȣ벻ɵЦС˵㲻ᱻȨλô˵ƺ֪Щʲô
̧ͷֱΣܾʣҾú֣һ֪֮αΪֱһǰŻصǣֻߣʵʲô֪ɸ㡭ȻʲǱѵ
Ȼһᣬܲһͷʲôֱ֪ҡ
˳ʣʵ۵ǻ꣬𽥴Ȩգƺ⣬˾֮Уյֻл̲ʷ̨񲿡Ժǻʵ۵ӵԺϾǲһĻ˵׹дǽֵ֧µȡʱˣмʤ㣿
û뵽ôʣܲٴγһ˼ž˵е״ο
˾򣬼ڻʵ֮С۶Եľֻзӥһǰӥ֡٢ټģ̬κ˵ĴյĶȡ򡢱ǻʵεġ֪¾еĳ빻𣿡
˼ãܲҡͷ
ˣºαػۏˮ
λѡ񣿡
ûشܾɫµܾòתĿעܲʩһ񣺡¾ĲҷܾԸΪ¿·
̾һʵǲҪۏˮġ˿̸У⡣ң֪գαأ
ȷʵˡʵ۵ǻ꣬ȺУӧ֮һݽ棬ɷԸΪңȴΪ顣ҡ΢΢ԳҲֻΪ˽ġҲϣ
Ŀ̹
Ĭãܲļ硣ΪӣСʶܶఢģ㲻볯ãﲻΪˣĵٸܸǿңáġġǵȨƵλܵõġǸ߿һۣգܾͬмӡ
鷿ɣܾԾֻü
ûΣܲóͼ㿴
Խӹһͼƺǹġ
ЩĿܲʣô֪ģ
ָűԵһ仡ܾ˵뿴ֻεǽǻʹеġ
 

423 ʵ

ֻۿָµһɲʣô֪
һۣܾش𣺡ְ֮ŻʹǽΣֻΡ·̫˵ƻʹĻǽֻڹǽſóЩǽǸָ㽨ɵģڴһ޶˵ڻˡ
˵꣬ʣ£ͼк
ǸҵġΪһ塣˼ţܲɸߵϸ˵һ顣ЩȻõʹͼԱȣ
ס
֪к˼
С˵ûҶͻĻ˵̫磬ʵۣӧȥ鷿ǵıͬطԣС
΢ܲ˵ҾÿС
ҡͷɷϵͻȻˣɵġ
Ҳôá˭ʵ۵ߣѵã˶٣ϲȥ
ͬʱһ
˼ãܾԼɼٰ̿͵ͼܲμӹ磬סʵ۵ע
ΣǴܵȥשСԺ図½Ҷڵȡ
Ҷôظ
м¡һؾ˽顣ɽҰ¶ޡ˵ûаսܣҵЩ»ͻдҿ˼ΪΰʧҾл˺ü˵
üʣ鲻ǰˣ
ҡͷңԶġѣƺǡҲ֪֮˵˳·
˼ţܾ˼˵Ҿ֪ʲô£ȷܲΣⲻ޵ķʸ˵ʧбɣǾûʲô
˻
һɣܾף֮ս˴Ȼʵĵϵ׵塣ºȥ˾˷ƣ֮ǰգӣƹȲ٣ûиʱƽɽܡʱɺϡɺϵǣ֮գǱؼҽԵñȫ
û˵ȥڳ˶ıζ
Ƭ̣ɿ˿½Ҷӿķߺޣֱ۱ʾο˵¡ģȥ
ջ
Ը図½Ҷɿ˿ܾʣͻȻӧһỳүĬ٣ⶼһԵĻᡣ壬õãҪô𣿡
ԣܾѵҵ
Ƭ̣˵ʵĽǳֺֺҸ֮Щ꣬常Ҳڲ֮䣬ϧ޶֤
΢⣬ʣΪβַʵۣ
ҡͷǿڣǻһսңضзӵͿ̿Ҳ̤޹ߵѪȥȡһˣȡ֮Ǹã
üһ˵νȲƱ̫࣬ͳ˧ġ
ΪҪǣΪ˴֮
ƺرЦ⣬ܾͻȻЦЦŻش𣺡ڣСˡٺ١²ΪʲôҪ̩
֪
СǸң̫ͻͼˣ֮һŹҲϣ
ü
˵ƽ½ȥ̫̫ͻ顣Ȼά½˳ܻ顣ҾȻΪ˲һԿɾ˥Щߣǿ
Ϊ
԰صͷ˵Щ꣬ӧι֮ȺУᣬǳڻʵ۵ϡӴ£ȨģֵĹؼϧʱҡҪӵգʹú̺壬ֻܡһʵۡ
û뵽˵ˡ治Ļڶ˺һʣΪ߸Σ
ƹ֮Ȩ񹩷㵱ͼΣʹٹٸԵðӡڣ벢һ֮£˵¡Ϊߣܰǣģضʩ˲ֵҸֵ׷档
𾪵ؿһʱԡ
ңٸ˶̩ܿ٣Ϊڶǲܵġˣβ
Ϊʲô˰ɣĿ⾼
ֻ۱˴˵ãһȭֽ̹
ܾ΢΢һЦ
˵Ųתͷһ図ܽ
ӣϮȥֻȫʧݡܺ˵Ǹطն쳣
󾪣ɰظϡ
 

424 

߷ܻ԰һϢϺһƬһƬķǵ˿ڣĿ¶ء
ʦ֣ô
򴽣ǱˡǸطΪնöࡣܺļҽ˵ӦֻʧǼլϸ΢ĻȻըͼǻ߶ǽȥǰһ̣Ű˸۴һ롣ӦҲǳ
ҩ
ԡ룬ԭͷɭϣǾǡԴ
ɴ˸
ǣܾʣʲôˣ
һɣ図ɿذ˵һ顣ܾ꣬һ˼ž˵ȥͲҪȥˣĸ̲顣
ûйְôȥ
ЦЦҺù²ݣײɱҪ죬򲻼ˡܵģ
ȵȡ
ţ
図·ٴʮȥҪӲƴסһ˼䡣
ߺķǲҩԱͿϣһʣ𣿡
һӲݾߡ㲻ǣҲˡ΢ۣס˼ΣݺİԸƸ¥ټˣԼٴαܵ
ӱܲѵͼǡ꣬ü˵ɻʹ䱸ɭϣһ֣ĴӴܣ׳©
á
û˵꣬¤ææߵŽ£룬빫м¡
Ҳȥ𡰷ҹϸľţͷëæܲĽŲ
鷿ڣڶȦӡ
һǣҪذ¸ܲȻ˵ҵһȸ״ĳ⡭¾˵ˡѴݾߣȷΪá
û뵽ֹ죬ܲһʱ侪ŭӣĻ쵰ɳôȱµ£ɣǸ״û֤ѽ
Ǹ״ô򵥡ǡҪҹʵۣѻ©ͱ˼ڮ١
ţͻȻ˵Ȼݾߣ͵ͼɡ
˶һ㶡
ȸ¡߱˵αҵ£Ȼһѻ˻⣬ͬʱ˴Űѻ𣬼װӴɧŹةฮ˳һǻʹٰ̿;ӧ׷ϡѶʧ𣬸ȥ鿴飬ȻָǮ
ȵؿܲ˼һ¾ʣΪʲôҪٰ̿ͣ
ٰ̿ΪƲǡȹһͣˣ¾ʹ¡빬ݱ渮ֹǮͻȻǼٰ绤棬ҹǱ鷿
ط˵ֺ壬ڼע϶תƣʱȹʱõöࡣ˳ƽҴαҵ¡
˴˿ܲףáСǣ
ݸ
˼һ˵취ҲСǡŹرգӺδ빬
̫ҽԺ
㵣תͷæʣҪҽ
ǵͷ
Ӻ
Цһ£˵ٻΡ
δ䣬һУֱǺֵ߲֡÷зΪҽɵӣǿô죿
к֡ãͿɫؽѵԼǶپίһСڵػؾװҽү˸ȥҩҹ̫ҽԺ٣ȴиСͨ͢ȻðգٰܱǱʹͼǿȥóǽ뻢ڣװ׸ӧ
ܴ㵣ʲôװһ˼ҳûҩ¶뻢ڡ
üһôˣ
ǡôƫҪѧ˼ҷŻ𣬻ϲնǿûؽѵ
⻰͵Ӧ޳Լӣһ˲ŭͷİУ˵Сųǿ
ٴըëɲ֪ԼĶ˵ˣԥһֻ˵˵ʵ㲻ѧ䡭
סڣѧľûжߣ㽾ʲôҲѧ䣬ƷãһǡҪҵ׷ͱץȥˡ
̯̯֣ɸɴ졣
ô˵ˣ˵ѽߣ˻˵ʲôָʲôãôôһɱˣٰѻʵҲһɱˡ
û뵽ô˵޹ʼ磬ܲܽ
Ųľ㣡ٴαŭػؾ
볳һα졣
ǳܣܲЩĪļʣ˵Ľǰǫʧ̬ʧ񣬵ҲζԶĵľ롣
 

425 ƶ

˶ƵĶŰΣǲܲһվšѹѹͷĻת˵±ġİ취ЧʵͣЧҵıȽϺá
֪˵ʲôܲԥһ²˵װǺܺáһҲڸǡ
µġ塢̻չҵģ㡢¡ֻȥһʱʲôأˡȥŰɡ
˿ɣɣأ
ðɡǡӰ𣿡
֪ȥˡĥߴˣһ춼ˡˡϽȥ֣һʹ¡֧ʹһѵϵذɺˣȻ̵¤дٱţߴܲ˰߱͸¡
ŷȥˡһ뵽Ҫ͵ͼѰȻµ֤ݣĻϲһᣬ׼ӱװ
Сǡܲס֡
عͷ΢ЦʣҪʲô
㣬Ǹʲôٻβɣ
û⡣ʱҽβȥ̫ҽԺһ¡ɲðٻεϹģ㲻ۡǿ
ͻȻ˸߲ңܲЩӣЩĲһʱ֪η˼žͶֻװװһ¾ͺˡ
֪Ŀô࣬ҪڸŮˣȥˣ¼װһ¹ġ֣Ȼȥ
¤ŷӵɫ߾ʣΪɫǸٻ𣿡
֪ܾЩװ᲻ӣ
΢ŷѰ˼һ˵²õġܹܣעӱĶϲ븮ʱ䲻ǶеҲɳʲôµġ
֪
ߣܲŷȰ°סģѾصӱ󡣽һᣬһЩҩ۵ڲƬ̣ˮ͸ЩĩʧӰ١
Ų豭͸ĲˮЩȰ˵ˣװ粻Ҫ
ɫζ޹ЧáסҽҩȼҩһٰЩҷ£ҾˡһֻСҩȻһǺǱ裬¡
ĹϷһֵĳ죬Ȼ󳱺쵭ȥֵļհ̡ĶͷЩĻţæܳȥеˣȥȥҽ١Ǹ
û˵꣬Ųܲǰôˣ
£˷ˡ
ͷһȥҽ١
ǡ
̺ҽٴҴҸһԿܲǻ˯ģͷûɵľһ߳ľٻ֪ˣ߲ǵĳġɵʱɵ״ܿ£˿ȴֹסľ
䣬ҽ񣬵˵£Ϸ⡭ʲô
ûеġҽ٣ֻǺ˲裬ûС
ù豭ϸΣ޹ҽֻ˵ѧղ֪Ϸ˵ô¡Ź֣ƺΪ˵󣬻ҽΪס
û뵽ô˵ܲһԭ׼һЩ˵ǰҽú˿ԣɵʣⲡ᲻Σգ
֪ɡʱʱ͸ŹƺҪϵĹСΪףҽ
Ȼ߶һ°ٻʲôֶܲתԸȥҽ
̫ɱ
ܲվǴǰЩĽصȡ
ҽӱʱ߱ͽ¡Ǹˣ֪ģԸܼ𿪿꣬ڵֲԾضã͵һǷ߱վһطԸ£죬Ρ
үôȥģ
˱ˡȥȥͻɿػ·¡ļǵظ֪¡ܲһ·Ը¤տԼ鷿ء
Ƿ߱װ˵˭Ϲ˵ģôأ飬ô
±šЩ΢
ں¡ЩɫԼĿϸ˵ڷŷߵŶ룬£лù

ݼ¡ˡʧ𡣻ʧ𡣡
ʲô
ʧ˾ȣɻƺܴ󡭡
㵣¡һ˲ʹһشߴ٣£˿̲ڸǸȥɡ
סȭһá߳鷿ֹܲʣ¤ҽεΣ
ҩѾȡ·ġ
ˡһ䣬ܲ뿪ͬʱֽأϲˡүҽ
 

426 鷿й

˯һᣬէȻѣطʣʲôҪҽ
ƺǷգҽ˵Ϣر֣ƺҪˣҵͽүҽ¤ڼӱչܣڼҩ
ƺƬ̣ش˸ѹڵʣ˵һ顣
һæһ顣
Ŀ΢ش˼ã쬵طԸ£ȥ
ɡʱȥ׵𣿡
ʲôֲ
ǡ
߽ӱ󣬾ŵŨصҩζ¤ӹһ˿棬ȴĵ˵ϲͻȻˣҽô£
ҽ˵ҹŷˡүչͼϲˣҽ
Ƭ̣񼣬ֻǷգҪܹŰɡĪʲôף
ˡΪҽҩǸȥõģūŵĳʲôӾԿżҩңүҲԸҪúտ
үأ
ʲŻүȥˡ
Ѱ˼ţû׷ʣߡߣǲ԰׵ԽءƬ̣ĵض˼ȥ¤˿
ʱǰŨһȺŵˮȡʱԶһ֣źܿ죬˷ɱ
ˣˡ㸮֣˷Żˡ

¡ſڽģܲæеʲôŷȥ׸ץˡ
ǡ
ɱȥ
ӰѾ̫ҽԺļеǱ룬ۼһͷͷ
ûˡֱӵͼɡ
С˵ֲסӧһȥ߷ǵ׼δס֣ӧҲ⣬ѰǱ鷿֣Ҹ̩ȥܾʹ̫ҽԺȥǽӦҡѹ˼䡣
鶨ķǴѦʧڻࡣǱ鷿Զɽʯ£ȡ
ûȶã˴󺰣˭վס
ʱӧںլ˻졣ţѾ֪д̿ͣӧֻ֣ʱһƬ
ӽˣ
ǵġ
ͽԼ£ӧһŽ׷
ŲԶȥ鷿ǰˡֵصڼŵòᣬ΢ɿʱڼһֱéȥˡѵãǱ鷿޶Ƶ󣬴˻ӣܲߵķλѰҡ
鷿ҵͼָѲӧͻȻסŲʣ̿ںδ
ǰӰ̫࿴ġ
£ü˼Ƭ̣˸ϻȥѴһ顣
ǡ
Ƕͳǰ۷ӧֱʺ󹬣ʵǡһ̺ӧѲйңԼŽ̫󹬶ȥ
ǡʱǸͳ鷿һƳһ⣬˵ͳˣǱƺ𣿡
תͷһüͷһ壬ȥ
Ųƽɴ󾪡Ĺһ£ϨӣԾϵк
ղغãƿƻ
ôûֵأ
еģеġūʲڼһڼŻ
㿴Ӱ𣿡
ûУûС
ѰƬ޹Ƕͳӻ֣ѡ
Сʱ𽥰ûš̿͡һëʱ̩ڹű̩ӧ𡰴̿͡ԽùŹ֡˼䣬ߵǰͳ죬Ѳǰûз֡
쳣
нƳ鷿й⣬ֵص̫Ϊڼ롣Ѳûˡ
鷿תӧĿһͷֱĵУܲ˵£ǻˡʧ𡭡
û˵꣬ӧһɨܲ˵Ƽ鷿ҪѲĵԲ߰ȫ
ԣʵ۾ȵʣ̿⣿
˵ΪȫƼݡ
ðɡߵܣߡ
֪ɸûУз֣ܲ⣬˿޷ֻӲͷƤϻʵ۵ĽŲ¡ں棬ӧĹŹɫԴ⡣
鷿Ѿ˸飬һƵվڵϣ˼з©ʲôȴ͵˸
£ɫáû뵽⾹Ȼʧˡ
ߣҲΪиϱֱ˾ţʵʮû䡣
ܲٿȻһﵽűһеùʵһ̨ףܲں档
֪ʵΪʲôĵҪ鷿˿ΣֻСĵһ¾룬ٴԾϺһΣصĽӴǿסΡ鷿Ψһػصĵطĸлⴳ
 

427 Ȼʵ

Ϻſˡ˵롣ӧ
ϤϤһӺ󣬻ʵ
ٴο˿ܲӧ˳йһͳȥ׸߸£׽ΪѲ߷ֽƣȥ½½Ҷ٣ļҽȻȥḮܾ١
ס
Ƕͳɱȥӧתͷ̨µŷ˵ŷͳ죬ﲻ̫ƽĻҪһϣóʱ򡭡˻Ͳˡ
ͷݣŷޱ˵
ԸһĻӧɫָӽɢס鷿ıؾ֮·ٽйһĸＸ䡣ĸȥãһ̫һֻ¯ݽǡ
ܵ鷿صĿ𽥾ɱǶˡüñмĵѪͷ˼ţСĵؿ֧ס壬̽ڻͳһöѩ׵ڱǶˡ
ӣͻȻ۾һʹͷһΣһһ˲ˤȥ䣬֮յֿ̽סһľ졣һһһ졣
ܲװ¡쳣ȴڵĶͬһ˲ƺʲô΢̧ͷһƳͼӱԵ¶һߺڣ۽һ飬ӧ߽ڡ岻ѣܲתһ͵ؿȻͨڵϡ
춯ѻʵһ¡ӧͬһͷʣ̩ôˣ
ϵɾһ亹״æץסᷢϺȴ͵ǶȣɺϵƳ˷һĴ顶ǡ
Σܲؿһʱ䣬Ǻ̫Ǳվٱ۴˼¾ʣкǺ˵ζŵ𣿡
ʵ۲ҡͷζ
ȱӣüӺŵ𣿡
֪Ϊʧǣ¡תһ˵ȷʵЩζǲ¯Ϩˣ
ʣ̺̫æ߹ȥ¯
ӧȴ˿ܲ˵ǲˣ䣬㴵һû׼ˡ
ðϣܲ˵£ܳȥһ·硣
ȥɡ
תߵ˲䣬΢תƳһϸߴɫˡ
߳ȥӧɫߵܲʲվŵλãɸߵʹΣ쳣鷿Ѱͬʵ֤ݣǲϷġ
鷿⣬ܲվڷ߷˿ǿ˿ֻüһƬ䣬亹ѽ͸겻ɢӧٿƺɢվĽзӿŲãһģ߻ڡ
¡꣬ܲ˵£Ƿ˼̲ܽ죬زںδٴѶԭһ˷žɡ
հɡ˰ѷ濴
ּˣ£мС
üʲô£
ǰ˵һס֪𣿡
סڶУʵһĨ⣬ʣʼʱ˵ף
ܲװһ£ʹ֮ǰļ£ʱޣ°ɡ
ɫץȭʵڵʣ޼ǵʱûؾġ
ʱǣλĻŵݼʱ˵ġûˡǰЩӣ¤鷿ܾ˸ʵס
ʵʣĻû˵ʲô𣿡
˵ǸԼףиʵעܲⰧ£׿϶ĵܼǵñ²ϲģ״͸ܰɡ
תһ˼ŵҡҵʹ͸㡣
ϲܲЦлл¡ܸˡ
ܿ죬ŷŰ˸ܲ¡뿪ʹһ·β棬쳣
ߺ󣬻ʵ˵ӧ޻ĵ
΢٣ӧɫ͸֣ٴο鷿һ¯Ǹ˻ʵ۵ĽŲ
ˡ
ھˡ
ϣСĵץסǡϢطһźܴĵͼĩβϢ򿪣һֻϸһżе壬ԽԽ
ĬǵͼʵۻصĵͷԸӧɼɿĽúõҡ
֪ʲô
ס
㵣ӧ֪Ȥûʣת˸ĸ
ĵ˸׳죬ȥ飬һ񡣼ʵ۳ӧһ²ʣ£ǸΪΣ
ʵ۳˼ò˵߻ΪҵסͣƬ̣һڳƽʡ˵Ȼ̫ӣһõõǼ֮ǰԶ¡
 

428 

վŵлĵʵ۳̾ұ鹬͢⡣ֱգͻȻ֪ˣԭס
һӧ巴֪ⷬԻ֮࣬ת˵£̩᲻ƭģ
һʰһ壬¡˲һ̣û˵ȥǰһҹľģˡ
Щӧһ˲ʣ˵иطݣ᲻Ķ
ؿʵҡͷزκζ
ת˵£Ĵ̩̿׵أ̩ͻȻˤܹ𣿡
ٴһ룺ȥ
ǡ
ӧص鷿ʱѾǱ̫ҽԺļеյӳ˻ʹĨȥϵĺۼͼҲԭͬһʱ̣һ߷ʡ
ˣ빫Լȥɡ
ôˣ
ˡвѡﲻǺܸɾѬ
аǰȥŶ롣һһϣƺǽ壬ŻѬ졣
ű߹ȥͷϣ谵£ȷʵɡƣ²֪ΪʲôӧǶɣû˳ѵ˵Ҳʰһ£
֣裬ǲҽȥʰȥ˯ˣһʱˡƹ̯̯֣һΡ
ɨޱȣ´ˡ
ţһƵŽżſڽУӣӣˡ
һۻУһͦ´ܳƬǽ壬ȱ̫࣬࣬ѬˡǴӽݹ鿡ֵм΢ݣϻްĵƻصȳ»ͷԵܱϵɻء
Цѣ˳ʣʰһ𣿡
ȻҪһôĵġ
ǡ
߷ʰӣһߣǽͳɨ˵뿪½½ҶϽ̸ڣһ޹޹ֱḮ
ֶ֪ڸԶԾ֣ȥˣ
үְ֪үظֳ֮ȥˡʱʱſҪˡ
ˣҹˡͳ
ţǶͳ֣ʣҲֶ֪ȥˣ
֪⻰ʲô˼ѵֶʹ̿ͣ
Цһ£˹֣ˡ¹ֻǷ£ʲôʴͳɡǡ
Ƕͳ˻תţܲص鷿Ĳ豭һֽֽϻ˸Ȧ
֪ģ˿ͷʣСô
·ġūżҩġ߲ãȥˣ΢˼䡣ūŲ²ֻӦʾһ¹ġ
Ǿͺáɿɿտӡ
ǡҹˣЪŰɡ
ֵʱྩ𽥰ϣս
ʱһ̣һۻѪؽп˳š֪ͽ㵲ѣ㣬ǴŸ²ָͬʱѵҴҽ鷿
²áصر֣ҷҲ
ʲôİôµģ
ܡɣǣµ񣬾ƺɡ
ƺ˵ôƺ󣿡
һҧַ׼Ƶ̽þ׸ѾһЩģ߾ˡ˿Ҫϣ١֤ݡ
˵ô
һݣȾ׸ȫȥǾ͡ըǣһĨ
һƣϮɱٲǴڹȻԿͬ͢ıݺҧסΣŴＷ֣նɱ
ǡ
ַ㼱ȥһźݺסȭ޲ðǧС
ʱ糯ʼ¡һ໧ʧǮĹ£̲顣
ʵһ۵ܵܣ׼ࡣΰ䣬׼Ѷκˣס
ּ
ͷ¡౨£ɱСûɵأΪıʿ϶¡̩ڱƣʧǸڡַ㵽װΣһڼɱ£졣׸˸ϸ鰸
һ
ʵ۽üһ£İķͽ˵ΪϮɱٲҪıӧ˸ϸ򡣡
⣬ܲϸ룬е£̲ܽĲͬУҪҽ
һҹֶԶţһܲæ˵£ּ̩֮ǰȥ鿴
׼
ţϹŻʧըȻһ̩
 

429 Ӻ

ⲻʮܾͷڵϡԣ˵żʮˣˡƬ̺ķ߹óһƿҩϡʹϮܾزҽС
ʹ
СŲźõÿ졣
ҧụ̈Żس˳ʣ˵Σ
ʧ˼ֵܡ˵úأҰǱߡķóһҩ˵Ҵ˽ȥˣȻȳܻ֯ƺ֪ûԸá
ŶСġ
ġкڡǡ佱ͷĺ˾צӱʾ⡣״ܾԳ
ҹܾŻˣ漴սķǡڽӦɺڸԮܾ˲պ۸ϻرţټһٽҷ˭ڸͽҷصըҩǸŵǰʾ𺣡
Ŀķû̳𺣣ܾһǿǿѶۻǼ˼ͷˡ
ʱ֣ӧԶ˸ϵʱŨɣҴ߶ɢյϣһƬ
״ԶһһָҽˣȻ˵ͳ죬ɽԱȫΣЭͬ档Ⱦˣ׷顣
á
һ̺һҵ˻˵ֶܾûȱ첲ȣԶģסѵ⣺һϲ㣬㼸ʱܵˣ֣
壬йʱֵܣ˵Ҫץˡĸ˳һ½ǡ˭֪ôֲһ۲ԶĽܾ̯̯֣˸Сѡ
ֱǣ㣬ʲô¡⡣˳Ĵҡ䣬ԶԭذָӾԮȥˡ
Ԯܾһ»ϢŻ޴ڵʹú㶣һֻһתһ֪ʱӧ£һشļ磬ЦЦʣܾһ϶⣿
΢٣ش𣺡ǰ
ǵѵáû֮ͦĵġ
֪ǰǳܾӦ꣬ûػش𣺡ͳˡֻǱȽУ֣˭֪ᷢ£
бۿ̵ѪӧתóһƿҩǼõҩҽǿöࡣ

ҩӧȥǹһ˿Ϸʡʧͽ³Щߣµļƽϣȴʱ
æžʱ̩ڣǲϢ½֪
ܷܷѾߵˣǱ紵һ·𣿽飬ȻҪҽ
ǰѳЩүֻӱ󣬿ıӹ˻ꡣ֪ү˼ȥ̽ˡ
ߣǴȡ
ū澾ɽۻ
ܷܷǸܸߵˣ븮ʹֶҲû£סܲĴܡ˿һԼȥǣҧǾʹ˺ֶΣװԼͬΣȴʹӹܲ
ԽԽʣ˵ô죿
룬Ѿ׼ƣǰϲĶͶƲġһմǶϵĲʶ𡣷˺βأֳ£Ҳϼﶷ
ãȥ̽̽ڷ硣
ǡ
һʱϢٵĶ
ĺʱ֣λӱ̽ݣǲ԰׵Է˰֣ȴͬ飺ôͲôջúõء
ǰԽ䣬Բעȷʵ
Է˵ͷһȴһ
һתȥƺȵʲôһײϡһæܹȥסЦôˣûʲô
ѽиܹȥǡ
˳ָȥ㾪ȵضһһקĻѩãЦˡӡ
˿Է˿ŵķأˡȻӡ
һֻŵû겻壬̲סЦ˼Ȼʣ˵ϲһֻɫӣ뿴
Υ֣߳ȥӡ
ԷܾʱһŮòбͣߵǣִ˴ǵϢоָµĸĿ¶ȣ̶һƼгһöϸСҩ裬ɵصǵϷҩɢıǶˡ
ɫջ֣תͿ㱧һŲɫ
λˣǲá
 

430 öģ

棬ŮŲö佱һּʺ˼䣬ȥ
ˣ㡢˿֪ˣҲԶҩҩˡ壬
š
ӱιҩԷ˴ŮصԼӡ£ֽŵŮ˵лˡǶ˵Ժʲô¾˵ϽǶ͸зһֻƽΡ
ؿԷ΢΢һЦˣȥҵл
ǡū澸ˡ
Է˼һŷԸǵͶҪʵ㣬¿ɵ𡣡
˷ġ
ӱû֪ʲŷһĻ¤֪ŮֻͣƬ̣ûлɡ
ʱӧصһ԰ͼǡһǧϣЦû֦ҡ
䣬ǣЦʲô
ػش𣺡ʲȥ̽ǡˡ
ʲô£
˵ͻȻҽʱɺϣҾȥ
ͷʣΣ
էȥأϸϸоȴۣ޲Ĳҽǳ߲֮һֻ˸ɢȵķӡ
⣿
Ĳ߲Զʵȴһġ
㵣ӧתˣװ
ԣСΪһؿҪŪɳ׾ˡǺǡ˺ޡ븮ʱ䲻Ů˾ͰͲͨŮ죬Ҿ͸ȥ̽ˡ
Էȥ̽ӵѾǴװġһΪȵ㣬ʦֻˡˡ
ʧӧʣ䣬ʲô
վŵش˴ָŵһö꣬Ц˵˳˹֣̩ϲ𣿻ߣɣܾ᲻֮ززЦסļ磬תаȡ
ؿһӧͻȻЦЦ˺һһգ湻ġ
ߣĿ֣εغһۣô˵ģСΪҡ
§סάöĸ֣ˡ
԰ԡһأͰ߲¸߻ʵۣö̩֮ߣһΣ˭Ϊ˾Ͷ
ðΣӧȻ
ӧٴεǲʱˣƻ硣վڷιһεǮң˭ɵģ˼ֱǷ˼
αңܲҰԽ˹⣬ǵΪ˼㡣δˣ˰漰ʲôˣܹϢ
ԣιɵÿ˼Ź˵үһ˵
롣
ƫιˣʣ¸߳һʵ㵽֪֪Σʲôָ֤׶񣿡
ܲһĻе֣ʣδ˴Ժ⣿
˺ģιѹ˵˼֮ûз⣬˿ȴ⣬ɡټģЭܻ֤֯ݣ˵ˡûµּ׼Ѷκˣסָľѽ
һܲüû
ҧҧι˵ЩиĸȻֻ漰ܱ߼ǣûдྩȨǵ棬ǡι˸˸ǰȥߵĲ١Щ·ʤ˭֪ǻᵽ˵ʲô
£֪޹ؽҪǡιȰĸ±׶ˣ塣˿̾ʱӲ跨ӧι֮á
û뵽ô˵ܲǳһһ˵ʵҲ֪£˵Ĳҵ
ιһµ˼ǡըйأ
Ҿÿܡ
֪˰֣ι˰ξѣҧȸ㸮Ĺ£ǸȥȻķ˼ٱҡ߸һҪɿ򲻿ֳʲôٱ˰΢úܣٹʣΪá
̵ԼƲɣܲЩݣ˵лˡ
ιٴֳȥܲվڻϴź磬ͷءըɵļƻһ֤ݶĨȥ˸ܲ˦ǣ󲽸˹ȥ
ܲڻæµķϵ¸ɣȻóöεģߡ
㿴ΩΩФҺú糵öи֤ݡҴӧؾˣԶԽ˴˰졣
ģϸ΢˿ã߽˵ӣշϸѾ̩Ľͣ˶̣پͻҡ
 

431 

һ̧ͷʣٵѾȥ
ǵġշ²ȥ̽Ϣģ˵ǲˡ
Ůȥ̽𣿡
ҹȥˣҶȥˣȥλˡ
̩أ
ҡͷİֵ̫һֱڻæš
ЩסȭƬ˵ȥ
Ⱦٲֻͬʱץסͬȥģ
ȥ
ķʼ磬̩ڣôȥ
ΪڲȥҵġСǣ塭Ѫʶ˸˼˵ʦ֣ȥ硣ȥû¾ߡ
ķǲʣĽȥ
ܵ
ðɡ
ʲôõġֻǽʡǽϼˣķǣӲקܵȥˡ
̩鷿ˣŵϻŲ衣˸ƣߵߣСĵƿûˡ
ߣ
ŹغôչӹңûڸܲŷĻУķرԿ顣
ӱ⣬ŻζӰķǵ̾Ǻ֡ʱ̫磬Ǳ˼ҵġá
˵Ҫ֣ǻ𣿡߷ߵһ䣬һֱ˵λǿɬû͡
Ƭ̣ͷķһ䣬ʧڲݴ
ǲһᣬ֣ͣԼӡƺԼĺڸǵƤ¡ۣΪԼۻˣһ졣
һתһһСŵԲУͻȻֵĺۼֿס죬˸ꡱĺڽ
ɿ֣˵û°ɣ
ȻһŻع˵ֻװܳԽҩҪװһ㡣
Щ̽ӣûʲô쳣ɣ
Ƭ̣ҡͷ
˿ߵߣСǣ
ỽǰŻǣӵḧԵúܲ԰׵աֵ˲䣬ָһʹһջһһ˿ѪϢָ⣬ƺһ£ɵõͷȥǡ
գۼ䣬һƬâĺڴ԰׵Ƥð˳Ƶţĳ
һԵҲˣ죬͵˹ʶȥ
ǵһץס󣬼˦˼ͷǿס񣬼Ҫšҿɿŷ䣬˴ȥϢϻ
ȥˡʾߴ٣һվӡ
վϢ廹˻ꡣסеľ壬⼱
ɴķٴʱѾѹľԷҪϢΪڣɢȥϢȻԸ㡢סţԼڴǰ
ɳ֣̾һæʣ빫ӣ
ʾʣɻͷһķǡ߾ȵߵǰϸǵȻĵصȴ˶̣ջ֣˼βʣ׳ʲô
ױ̨﷭һҩۡҩõ˲٣ʣˡ
ҩأ
⡣ͳֻСҩ
ţţķôֵġ
ʦ֣ǰٻΡġϴˣҼǵǰ㽲ġ
ֻǰٻΣܱģһ£ķͻȻʣһγҩǼʱ
ĺʱ֡ҩ⡣
ҩķʣ֮ǰʲô
ûԡֻιһЩˮˣʱλ̽ӣݣˡԼ̡
ţɳʣֻ⣬ǱҲڣģʲôر𣿡
λ˸ԴŮһȣһġŶԷ˱ѩþţΪ֮˵ҪãҾȥ׽һֱ
ü壺һ
һ㶣ûںδɻصͷ
ݺȭɲ֪˭µˣضڼŮϡװߣ֧㣬ʸעô֪ʹŭĬһ²ʣʦ֣ǲж
жֺ񡣡˼ţķǰסǵȻóѩϬϡ˪Ƭɫɼһ롣ȼ˾ϲ˪͵ɢƬĺٴǵİ
һ̣Եø졣ȣȴԽޡ
оָµķһվҶԸˡһʱ䲻ġȥǰ
 

432 Ⱦȱ

ɵֱ۱ʾοķһת˰ٻκͽⶾҩۣⶫȥоһ¡뿪һ̺ǾȥүȲҪҽ䣬
ǱܵԽԽǣʣʦ֣㵽׷ʲô
ѩϬı̼֮ܶϢһһţʲô͸ŲԾҲβ͸ֻȥǰˡ
죬ܵ񱼡
뿪ãܲصսţ¤СŹ£ϲЩԾ˵ʲôԾҪţȸ빫ӡҵ򡣡
Ŷȥ𣿡
Ѿȥ߷԰
áȥסǣܲҴӱȥӱϵĺڴѾɢֻʣ۸ãԵ÷ˡ
û뵽ֻһչͱ˹֣ܲ㵰ΣȻ˵ǰס֣Сǣ
һ˲һʹɿһָƼð˿˿Ѫߡ
£¤ͬŵòᣬ˲ñܻˣɱȥŷܽŷץܲϸΣƺ
ܡСǡżסܲæʣСǵôˣ
ȵȣֹ˾Ҫ쿴ĳŷ˵£ʧˣ¼ȨȥȽס
šá
ߵǰŷСĵһ˿ŷǵ֣һէȥ˳ŹȴֱܿԼԼậϸëСĵţһɺܵɬζЩ
ζƺЩϤƬ̣ŷһס֣ߵܲǰٴ˵ֿֿţûζ΢ġ
ŷôˣ
£ϲƺڳ̣кֵζʱȥΪá
ǡ
԰ꡣȵȾ˵ȰοӣŷĿأʲôͷ㤡
ʱ˽˳Ӱפءȴڡ
ʮǰʦźȥˣ˵ҪףطȽϺá
ţһðٻװ˰˵꣬ȻʣǺа취ģܸǰѶϻһ𣿡
̫ˡȻֹ¡˷ܵת˸Ȧ˵ȥ
ţ
ֳҽңҩﲻԭǼҵġѾ˴ϵ߷洫ҽ軹Ǽʶ㣬һе̳תʧˡ
ʱ󣬼ٰɴĻ̩
ӱĻóһָǵ¡˲䣬һƬâܲ֡⣬ȵ湻ġ˭
϶ӧɵġշɺ޺޵ػش
¶ıضŮӡ
ڽһȻɻͬʣΪʲôһŮӣ
Ϊ¶˲ɱֻɳ˹֡

תͷϵĺâ˿̣ԭǧĵְɲ̾һ£Ļ˵ⶾҹպ󣬺âȫʧƤ죬״֮ǰ졣ʵϻᱻʹѣƹ˼̰̣ȴڲԣ۲ţأ޷жգϻһƬƬߣ𽥷࣬ʬߡգϸҲ֡ھգƬƵʬ˱ܡʮգԷɢϣͻˡǡΪ𣬼޷ϣͻְͬС
ⶾ档
ڽԳز
ͰΣ͵ץסĻ׷ʣ֣а취ǲǣ
ҽⲻˡ
ɡ
˽Ļ䰲ο˵һ£ȵϻɿ˵ⶾȳ衭룬ǵĲԪˣķǣ¶ȸ裬Ȼܲ˴ϵĶֻ¶û⣬Ѫݽ߶ˡ
æתͷȥķǡ̯̯֣򣬴ҷųˡߵġ
죬Զԡһգ˽¶ȥɧܲǡ
ܲعæʣǲƵĲҩ𣿡
ĻЦЦΡ
ɣ
εҡͷ£ֻһ꣬ȥˡ
ûб𣿡
УȲ𡣡Ļش
ܲҧ˵ҽ̫Ҫ
ү̫Ϊʲôûȥѵ˵ϲжˣֻԸΥ
ķǣܲȻ
 

433 ˻

ٴγĬãͻȻһĶͷʣ֣Ѫο𣿺ܾǰʦ˵˵ǸĴɽһƬնľڣۣѪһҩĳ
򦣬Ļ˼׵ѪεЧ㡭ŶֻѪμһĻ껨ۺټʮյƷѪ࣬ᴿŴκа˷ҩЧǿԡ
ҲҵõˣһӦУá£ȥҩھܱһ£Ѫࡣ
оȣܲɿشӦ
ʱĻǵͷϣϣϸ롣һ̣ӵĺâˮɢȥ
Ƭ̣ͷ˵ڣԲӡһҪҩ£ԽԽáƾѨ֮աһʱٴα˾ҵķˣͲǻˡ
һݣɣܲͬʱͷ
˷ɿشܵ뿪Ļңҡڵسš
鷿ﾲˣܲþͷԸ¤ڸ¡ӱˣСǵޣȫһ飬ۼĲҪˡ
ǡ
ŷĸĵĻڼ·ӱŻҪٳ¡

ʹĶͷȴȥ˯ȥӱҹˣڴǰ֣յһУ﷭ŵĲ֪ۻǷ䣬һ֮䡣һΣܲоԵ䡣ĸ˵ڶ˵˵ĵ¡˭õλƶׯͻݵĻʺ󾹴˹
Զ޵ֵĬòʣүһȥӱ󣬽˴򣿡
ǵġҩ䣬Ǵ򡣡
үģ
ӱ󡣡
ζЦЦǲúءүֻǶˡЩ꣬ҴûĸŮ˲ˣš
Ĵвˡ
вҲɡҪүģɱЩŮʲôãһǣǣǣǡ
һ
һ˿Цɭɭ˵үȥȥɡҪܷܷԼǣүϲȥ
ס
˳شϨ˵ơڰУ̾һָ߬Ŀ⽥ɭ䡣
գܲȥϳױһȥˡͬʱܲӱҹػǵϢһ㴫ڸŮѶ˾㵣ޡԷܾòҧԸϼҵģ£ס˵µġ
Ϣܿ͵ٶšüΣЦСֶΡϢ͸Ǳߣٸš
δʱ͵֪ڵϢЦһŷԸڣǸӶЩλ˵Ӹһ
ǡ
ʱị̃ɢˡܲٶȻصûü˶Ѫ࣬¤СŽ˵£ԷˡˡͻȻ赹ͬѾӲʮһˡҽٲ֪ʲô
ԣܲôˣ
ǵġūȥҽɣһ߲Ͳˡ
סʶ𵱳ġ߲ͷԸŷȥɡû˵꣬͵ҹѰҩˡΣֻ˵ҽ
ǡ
ʱ󣬲ҽѲ꣬Ƭ̾ȥǡԥһ£ܲ׿ϡ
ӱҽٴĿ¶ء˼ã߳ӣյ£λ˵Ĳǳơֻ˵һ䣬ŷҴ߽£ټвҽ
ܲɫ΢䡣˿޽⣬ֻǿ򶨵طԸ¤տˣ빬ȥˡ
߽鷿һӧڣܲͷһʣټ֪£
ߵܣ˵㸮߲
ȷʵ߲ܺö˶˵ġһܲҲ飬¹ȵ̯̯֣סеľ¡
£ҽ֪
š˵˵
һӧҽͻش𣺡̩мŮ˲ƣ̩ö˶˵ģ󲿷Ҳû£Ӧò߲
ôƵĲ
һ㶣ֻ˵֪
ѧղ棬ּٴȥһЩˡȻ󿴿̩ʵ΢΢һЦߵܣ⡣ûٻȥˣ
£ǡ
ˡӧ˵㸮Ϻܶ˲˾ޣǹ㡣
ӧ𣬿ɿּôֻܲðסлл¹ġ
ʱٴˡ
£̩ﲡ˵Ĳ֮ǰ߲ơ˵粡ϲԷλȥ̲̽϶ϲĲΪġ
 

434 װ

һܲͷ𡣻ʵ͵
ھһ˲ʵۿһ۵ܵƺûбʣߵܣأ
һסܲش𣺡£ܾЩ˼߲ɳû£ǵѾߴҲû¡񡭡ˣ
⻰ӧ׼Ƶ£º״
˵˵
ԺΪ˻˵֮ǰǵ߲ǹɢġֻǹʼʩǵ߲ġˣ˰ҽΡ̩ҽ˭εúֵȶˡ
û뵽Ȼòն֣ܲæڷ£ϴε߲һֱƣǲǲŲʣ˭֪ΣңԺֻ˵ƣһͳԼֱǲ²Ҫɡ
ÿɷ񣬻ʵʣٴǻ𣿡
ٴһ㶣˵ʱᡣ
Ժ˵ǲӧץס
סڡǻķ˲أ˵һ𣿡ֻŭˣܲüŭ߳
ˣӧƵû뵽˵ϧ񡣱£ѾǵĲԲΣϲĲҲȹ۲켸գλ꣬Ӧơ
˵Сǲв֮
̩£ô˵еģǲҪ˵ƱȽϺá
ʲô˼
аЦһ£һ߳ºϲֲ⡣߲ȻʻӶ壬ϲƾʲôô󵨴أԺĻи²⡣߲ϲɢģȻ塣ҲˣˣѾȴȻ
û뵽˵ôһܲס
£ƲϲװǲǵģԾ֪ˡ
Ķ⣬ܲʱµ桱ضйأŭ֮ڵʣأ
ŭӧʵһ񣺡ּϲľˡ
ܲپӧʲô
£ΪáװѾ߿϶нҩܾѵҩ˵¶ˡѲ˵ıôҽ˭εú˭߲Դͷ
㡭
ĿⳡִʵĿ΢ӧȥ졣
ּ
¡
ߵܣӧĻеôߡǻ͸ɭζ
ܲһֱĬŵٴ˵ˡ
̩£Щ²˶ϲкôͳĻ˵ЩͷҲΪ˵롣԰ꡣ
һܲת
ٴ̹ͬȻػӹ˵¾񲻼ѣ˯òðɣ»ظýǻݲ裬ܰ񡣡
ǻڶУܲһȻסȭһǿԼȻ±Թ£ӧ˵̫ˡ
ûע⵽ٴĻʵڻش𣺡ٴ˵ĶԣҲΪá
ǡͷܲŵ棬Լס
鷿ءӧѾŽŽƽӱԺӲ󣬺ܿѲϣһ
˼˺һᣬͻȻߵӱϸȻƵŵĲҶ˹ƻߵǰЦЦ壬˴Ӵӽ԰ɣ
һ仰ڳ޲𾪡ɷԾز˵ľ㵣ӧ񶾵ʾүڱߣүĬġĻ˵ʵҪȱٲ͸ˡ
εĿɲվţѾȳŲסˣͨ˵ˣһᶼ̵ģе¶ǳַԸȥġʲô֪ϳֺȥϢʱչʱ
ͲӰļ˵˸ɾ˼ƣ޲纰ԩһƸ˳ˡ
ЦӧĿϣʣ㣬˵˵
ԣݺҧԼһڣһģ̧ͷ˵ˣȷʵǡūҪү˵
в٣
˷£Щūֲ˴á
û뵽ͻȻˣӧ΢⡣ʱһż¤˵ˡ
ͳ죬˵öԣȻǼ£үϲүŮˣòõģֲʡͳ첻ҪԽ޴ҡ
㡭
¤Ҳмֵˣһζʾֻӧôߡ̧ͷػصɣһһٵǿͳӽүϾүⷭ䵹񣬻ϲӣѾԽ˳ĵߡνб̫֪ˣ˼ҿɲġ
ݺݵصһᣬӧһסͷа쬵˵ܹ˵öԡȫߡ
 

435 θ

Ѻųߣû߳ӱʮǰ嶣һ˴ĸѾ߿Ϊ׵ӧһ¤ˣվסŲʣܹܣô£
¤΢оȣæ˵Ҷλͳ졣͵ĽѲӱūŲ֪ʲôˡ
Ҷüһĸˣ
һҶˣӧƤЦⲻЦػش𣺡ҶˡϲѾйҹӱүȴ֪Դȥ
ӹһ˿ʣ˭йģ
塣
ü⣬תʣܹܣϲĲЩ𣿡
ϲɻԲѡ
ͳ죬ּ£˲ĹءȻйȥãΪΰǶץߣǶץˣ˭ϲ£˭𣿡
ߣҶǴȡӱ˲٣û˷̵ġ
ƺûĳҶش𣺡ͳ쾡ܴʻҪڸտϲ˵ǶүҲһġѹûǻ£ǶץߣС
˻һӧһ¤˶һʱ˿̣ɵҲˣҶ˲ҲģҪάˡ
ӧ˵ҶؽѵܹܣǸµġүڸŽҲץ˾ץˣӵĹأ֣Ͻȥ̡壬ŴͳȥɡסӴ㲻ʵʵ˵
ع񣬳˲Ϊΰæˣæǡ
վסû뵽Ҷ˳װˣӧȲŭЦؾҶϲθɣΪΣ
ʾؿҶ˵˵үҵķ¾ҵ¡ϲˣȻֵҲġֵǣͳٵӵģǸ費裬˲ˣǺү֮£θɣ
ͳǲ顣Ȣ֪Ů֮ԴǳеġЩëƤС¾£бҪ𣿻УСһ̱Ϭֱӧµƿԡ
û뵽һ¸ߵҶ˾˵ôһ¤Ȳѡţ̲סЩЦһƳӧһһֲЦ
ˣҶת˳һۣ䳤ˣôţǵ˭ģ
ǣˡץסʱ˽ŵĨӻӱ
߳ˣҶ˵ܹܣȥǵð
һ⣬¤벻ΪʲôˣæӦūͳ죬롣
һʱҲʵӧһ»תȴٴֹʣҶʲôʱֵ㵱ˣ
ˡүĵһλȻȨҡشֱ׳
ٴȻӧ룬ֻȻˡ
鷿ʵеƷ裬ܲһԣͷƺڷٴվţĬ
߽ӧһܲ˵£ϲѾйҹ˰ӱ󣬿ү֪
еͬʱһ
ʲôˣ
ѾӲ˵Ҫү˵
ʵۿ˿ܲߵܣأ
֣ܲǱƽػش𣺡ܾú⡣һʰɡ

ܿһܲߵףԾ˵ҹʱǰСүͷӰӴ̽ˣͣһ̡
ڽһ㶡
ܲһתϲȴ˵Ҷ̽㣬ͨͿˡΪ
Сүû˵ū澲ʡүһСү
عӧˣһ˵£Ϊ۾֮ӡȻ˵½Ҷöʡ
׼
ûȶã½Ҷ̫鷿һۻʵۣӧʣСүںδ

Ķûȥ
ûС
԰ɡΪ˵˽̽㣿
½Ҷޱػش𣺡£֪ͳΪʲôͻȻЩֵǰֻܸүͳ첻
ӧһ
ٴȴһƳӧͻȻ˵£ˡ
˼һ£ʵ۰ڰ֣Ƕ¡
ڰ½Ҷ˵¡֮ǰĽΪøֵúܽȻޣĽѽ⡣ĸλ֮շһλŮίһ鵽˭ڹƻøǰصǣŵ֪׮ƵĻ¾ǣǶٳɵģֵǣͳ츮·˼ú߽㣬ȴͻȻ²ǶﲻϷŹ㣬ȥ̽ӡ˶ӣүæŻ£Ŵӽƽ԰Ӵ˽ӡϧ˯ֻͣһ̱ȥˡ
 

436 

ɵ˴½Ҷ˵ܾͳԽȴ֪ԭϸ룬ΪŮͳϵУʶޡЩ˵ֻǼ£ȰȰͳ첻ҪԳĽ㡣
һ˵úʵ۲ɵü
бۿı飬ܲת˵£˵˵ȥϼҳͶڶ²ֵᡣ
½Ҷһᣬʵ۰ڰ֣°ɡ
ּ
½Ҷë뿪˻ʹʱܲҲ¤ˡ֪½Ҷ˵ʲôӧֽ鷿ʵûʣ㼸ʱ̽ӰŵϹ¸
һ㶣̯̯Цˡ
᣿ߣǸʲô£ݼҵĻƻɣһۣΪ޲֪ʲôʲôòġܶΪΣ㿴ˣ
⻰ӧһת˼˵ˡȷʵעǣΪЩ©֮
©֮㣿
ȷʵܵ˼ӦԪĶӦ飬˾ǰĵܵϡδز
ʵĿ΢˺һʣôİӣ̲Ϊи
£ò̲ģ©֮ʮֽƻȻ޸̩뽭ڵĹϵϾһ㡣˼ӺЩ©֪û׼Ժ˵һʱˣˣǺηãһã
˼ãʵȴʣӧ˵᲻ߵ뺦
㵣ӧƻػش𣺡пܡԸҪ㡣
ȥɡ
Ӣ
ĺʱ֣ӧָӽס̩⣬ҽǲ׼̩Υ۾֪ʵͬܲըˡ˼޽⣬ֻ÷Ըŷȥ
ͻȻ˸ڣעȻ١ͬʱ½ҶѽչŸְܾɵŸ
ȥҩ֮ǰ˼š桱⣬˸ֿܣǰ½Ҷһţ֪˾綾ѰҩȣӧҲ磬Ҵĵȷˡͬأһֽ֪ӧǰѲ飬ҧ½ҶӰɻأơ
Ȼ
û뵽һռ䷢˵ıʣܾȾֵǡϸʣϽ̷ɱµ磬粻ˡ˸ڣˡ
½ͬʱվ㵵ʲôԵʣ
ҸմܹܸҽӧŽѲӱ˵ҽװ
Ͻ̰Ѵһԭԭϸ˵һ飬˵ү˵ڶ⣬κҩİƷҪ̲飬ҽҪʮյƷѪҩѾѳҽݶѰˣֻ򵽶ʮһյҸܱ߼ȥѰڴѪ࣬͵߷
㵽ʲô
˵ûʱϸȾˡүѣѪ²ӧע⵽֦ڡ
˶ܾͷáҶҩҩҽڳżģӧעѪ취
á㣬˻ûãҪðա
š
Ƭ̣½ҶͳšܾȥϽ̲ס½Ҷʣ磬ǲĵʲô£
΢תʲôʲô£
Ҿÿһ͸Ź졣ҽ޸̩̫ΪθӹڣָǮͼҲšУӧӽΪʲôҪҽ㣿
ҡͷԵطһᣬϽ̼˵һԼҽڽ¥档һͷˣֽУޡ֮ǰȥ磬ǲ֪ʲôǡٰͣΣһҽֻնӧѾĻҪԸǣ磿
ŵܵã½Ҷץסļ磬˵̣Щ㲻ʣˣ͸㡣ӧҪ֮ڽ޸̩һգ̩Ѿ빲ˡ𣿡
Ͻ̵ɴ۾
һ˵Ҽӹڣѧ̫͸Ķ䡣ݶҪ޹ߵġ
סܾãϽЩͰ͵ؼ֣̫ҪԸ̩
ͷ

𾪵½Ҷ˼һ˵硢綼ǰǵġμסһ㣬㹻ˡģպ˵
죬겻ˡ˺һᣬʣǣǾ͵⣬ɵۣ
˵öԣʱֻӧ衣ҲšģҴżҽǷͷȥͬҽʲ򣬰ڳҽļơѰȥһ߷ѽյ¸ƹģ֪
 

437 

ڶգ̩ºȺѳҽݵĴ򰤸һ飬εúøڵĹֲҵǣܾĻ̸ܱߵǣʮյѪࡣ
ǵ˽ĵȴ֮ʣ図ӲͬĽǶקųͽһƬֱͱԮͷ󣬶򡣲ʱһ̧צָƶ
Ƭͱ紵򣬹⻬ƽ̹޴֪ƶ˶ãǿŲһ΢͹ЩɽʯԡʱͻȻţ̧צһָǰ˷ܵؽ˼
תͷȥԶһƸµʯ죬ڽޱȹ⻬֪ǳԼ㴦ȥƬʯھһ񣬷͸СʯڵʸУɰ̾Ƭͱڵɽʯ󲿷ֶץס̤䲻򻬣ƶضܶʱ䡣
˼ţת˵糣ȥҩֻҪѪΣĺö㡣
һʾԣһ
ѪκҪ˾ûҩ
ˣ͵ͷ˼£һͷ
ûȨһֻЭҪֻѪΣĹ㡣
ಡӰûǰ岽ʯ졣
峿ɷѾ¶ʱķźõҩͻˡһֻɫëĺ˯
ʦ֡
̧ͷͼָֻϸĲɵģͨ죬Ȼ
ֻֻ
ˡרթҲ̵һ¡ƣ۵̧ͷж˿̣ղϹˡ
ͬʾķǰѪηŽϢһᣬҵҩɽ
š
ҹһ˸ϻص򡣸ϢƬ̣ϸѦ߽
ӣЩѪࡣ£ߺ󡭡ռ˵꣬˵ӱҲнˮʳҪ顣̩飬ʵȴһʡҽĴˣҲ˸Ρˣ̩š
ϸһǰĶԴ𣬲ӱѲ龭ָ߾ԼȥӱҲн棬Իӱֻг˷̣߽Աǲɢǡɢ߲
ϸһ飬ɽü
˼ԲߣķͻȻһӴУĻ쵰̫ˡ
һ㶣ɸæתͷʣôˣ
̫ˡȻͨѪð伫ƷһյѪࡣƷѪڵܲϸܵĺ˿͸Ǻ˿Ƴһ㡣ϵһյ˿ڱƣɫԻǡѪ಻֣Ψҹĵƻӳ£һα
ҩҩЧЩǷȱٱҩЧֻ
յѪΣһؽУһ£жǻģ
һʱһļǵؽ˾ǡʮյѪʮյðģѾûʱڽĴȥֻôҴҸϻأڸԹ˼ѯѼ
ʱị̃˾ۼ߷߶ĸҶѰ飬յΣξһ˵ƽϲȥʡ
죬½Ҷʣƽ𣿡
ҲԡӵϲಹƷǮ𡣡
ԣϽͻȻһԴУˡΪβ̩ǰ˵Ҷҽ͹ƷѪࡣû׼أҹ϶С̩ȥһ̫δҪ
Ҷ
԰˵Ҷˡ
޼ƿʩȨƬ̣һŽܵ
ʱ̣Ҷ˸¡ûۣѾ߼ڶУˣүˡ
һɵѾߺЦСӷΰɣҹ˵ʲôλ
үˡսԺӡ
һһ룬Ҷ˸΢һ±ӭ˳
£ʧӭˡ
ûɣ
ôء롣
Ƭ̣Ҷ˷ԸѾ߶˳һֻС룬£Ҹ˴ıҹܰߣﻹů֮ЧζҲ³һ԰ɡ
ѩ׵ĸܲ˶پʣǲƷ
ǰ
˵мƷѪࣿ
һҶ˵ͷǰҵһЩ
𣿡
ؿҶ˷ԸѾȥá
δѾһӣˣоյ
üëһܲæһյŵƻϸɫֵֹģҶ˼һ¾ʣЩѪãȥǡ
ţá
ݸתԸúӰЩѪ඼װܹܡ
û뵽ȲҲʣܲЩ벻ͨʣƷѪ൱ôںδ
 

438 Ϊ

Ҷ΢Цһ£ش𣺡ĸ󣬼յѪ಻ʲôҲ²⣬ЩѪǼõģǲβõϣ
Ӿȣܲ˵Ϊʲôô룿
Ҫ¾β檵֪ܹĴ򣬾ʹ󵨵زһѪҲΪˡ
΢ܲѵЦһ£ܴǰҽ˵õϣȥԡ
üڲסƣҶЩѹĬϢֻȰοڳæµصҲġҪزźáѾˣ³һٻذɡ

԰ɣζĺܲƸ㡣
ЦӯӯڲסᣬܲͣһŽӹף˿͵İײ˵ŮֻǸôö˶˵ظߣ
æЦءֻǡ½ȥӱ𣿡
ûشܲѱԵڼƬ̺ȴ΢ůڳ㡣оƬ̣ЩͣվЦЦ˵ţءȥҲŵġˣϢɡ
ˡҶһŵȰ£ͳӽڱ¸ǰٴģ˵Ļ
ڰüʣôͻȻ˵ӧ
һѲӱ󣬲ץĸЦ檶¡檾õĲֻһڡǹǡ
ḧıܲò˵̫ˡЩ곯̫ƽڽûʲô¸ɣгë
ҹˡ
ɴѪص߷ķҩ®ȫעذҩĻһ¯𣬲ʱһ񣬵Ż
ҩ®⣬վ¹³˼ŶԲߡ֪˶ãշǰ˵ӣ˵ٹǰͻصˡеĶ׶ڽⶾЩðգһܵţϡ͵˶ͻȥ
͵
صͷԸ˵ҿݳģһ¡ֻҪĸ¶ڣȥġ
վǵյޡСǷҩԱѹƣӧһĵġʱµöֻȥأ
ǡⶾǸΣգнƣʱԴȥ
ԣնӧСǽⶾڹȥƺ˵˼䣬׵İ취СҪȵⶾǰһʱŻ
ðΣټ図˷һɢȥ׼ɻصóһֽ図ٴν꣬図˼һʣӣôðյġȻҩȥӧô죿
ܵҩֻʵװָءֻйȻҩӧûл˵ֻҩһͽͰģߺ;ٱ͸ԶԣٸܾšҴҰضȻʵۼάҲ˾һӡߴƶУ۷ʲô¶Ҫš
ǡҩȥˣӧ϶ġ
عЦЦԡӧôľ޷ΪҡҲ壬ǾʱСǡζļ磬ˣûҶֽȥ¾ͽɡ
ӣ
ģҲġ
ɡѪô죬ǻĶ档һУ̫ðˡǰ⣬ЩҲǷʤġ
ʦϲӧ᲻ɱҵġ
峿һ͵ܲС꣬İŭˣļˣѹСϢһӾʹȥˣԭʹ
һƢٴΰŶһ飬ѹסͷаԸ¤Ȳᡣȥϳ㶢Ÿ£ҪڣҪš
ǡ
ܲȥϳϽ̾ʹˡʱǸ¤ӱ⡣˾ʣܹܣҪȥ̽ӣΣ
û¤شϽüһ̤ǰһʣҽ㷸𣿡
һһ㶣˶پ˵ûС
ȻˣƾʲôƵңȥҽ㣬θɣ
ϹӣֻǷ㼴׵ܵܣһϡء
˵Ҫ𣿡

ݺƿǸ󲽿ԺӣУ㡣
ү˳
ͳһƿܹܣ鷳ȥҩһԣҽΡЧĻҡ
ȵȡ
ʲôȣѾҩ𣿶㲻ҽҩЧж𣿲ҽ޹ء
Ȼǽ˼һ¾ʣҩģ
һڵػش𣺡Чٸ㡣
 

439 ҩ

Ͻһ׺ǽȨһ£ɡ
¤ˡֽУ壬Ӹҡ衣
үԵȡ
Ժ£еƷһյֽУˣҪԹͷû¸ɣȥһ³ŪԵΣˣվָʹһ
飬ǽûػش𣺡Ϲӽ󡣵ҪҪǣ˴۽硣
ҪҪôˣүҽҾҪôţܱǿö࣬úõĹŲȥأҽվڡ
⻰˵ÿ̱ǽֱۡݺݵصһۣתȥػش𣺡ҲˡҪʲôԼȥ졣
NɪʲôѽҪȥɣ߹ȥһһ
ǣһֱŤͷ
ߣ¡
ڡү
ȥŪͷпСû
ǡ
ߣûóԡһǿҳԣǡȥϽŵվǰ񶾵ĳ
óܣݺݵŤתͷװûƳתͷվߵɿóֻɫҩƿڲ˸ƣ˼ۣȻʣ壬үˣûʲôܳԵģ
еġȥãٻҶضߡȴͷ߹Ȱүȥø㣬ȳ˵ӡ
ߣ
λǱҼүƢãͦõġ
ǣֱ
֣С
ܿŸµĲ衣һһƷ裬ʱƼ䣬Ͻȴûɶִֻóš
Ͻӱֵûܲɢˡ̨ףŷ͵˵£図Ϳȥ칫񣬱ظҩȥˡ
ܲʱ˿ͷߡ
ʱӧ
ԺڿйͷϽ̣תתͷ߹ȥʣ˵ϹҩҩĶģ
Чٸ㡣
ûЧأ
취үǲģֻǱȽϼΡϽһֹ۵ػشȻйͷ
Եûӧ££üأƽЩͷ˼ţ¤Ųҽˡ
ǣϽվʣЧ𣿡
еġѾ߷ҩиƣٳƿվ͸
̫ˡ鷳ҽƿҩҽԡͳһҩƿ
ȵȡӧùֻҩƿһƿҩҺ͸ˮζ˼˵ȻҩǺ¡ҽɡ
ҽߣӧһȻظں档״ϽһҲں档
ڣӧŲҽҩԹȻ󽻸ιȥûʲôӧĬĬһʱĥ
ĺҽٴ˼þ˵ϲĲȽأɫԡɣκǸѾߡǵĲƣЧϲͿԷĵسˡ
ҩϽ˳ˡһ߹ʣͳ죬ҪҪϣ
ӧۣá֪ǳԵҩֻǻ۶ҵˮ
ҩ֮ʱԶԻص˸鷿ó֪ľٱϸٿŵöģߣ֡ߵ죬һֶ˽
壬ΪӧڣҶˡ
ţ
˽ʹĵϸиǵĲҵֵëëլСǼרƣ󣬻ƪ޲ΩΩФë游һƲˡëҵŮҵҵСķϡ
ͣһ˵˵Ͻ˪ҲϵĲҵ
˼ܾãԶԲʣܾøô
壬ը˲أΪΪ˽òֱһæžˣûȫڿҾҷδûв
ܾ˵ȺУʵ۳ãʱʱЭշǳáν粻ֹ˿̾˳ã׷
ãԶվһ˵ȥ򡣡
֪ܿԶԳ˳ǡ˰Σĸַʣɾ𣿡
ġºۼġ
ߣЩأ
ǲ鵽ëҺ͸ĹϵǲУ
һۣܾòź˵˪𣿡
վܵ־
֪ɾҪβ
ǡ
һ˲㴦һ¡

ʱչõĴݸڸëֳԻ˶ӣкֹ
 

440 ͼ

ݸ򿴲ķǸɵȫƻܾãİŭֱǺ֣У
ٿŭ壬̯̯˵ʦ֣ҾÿС
סڣ֪Ϊ˾ҷ˶𣿺٣㵹á֪ӧͲðץȥ㻹ţòͷˣΪֻǸѰĽ٣򼸱ӣ̣ʦܣһɡ棬öܴ򼸸̲ξ͵׸һʲôֶΣʦδؾȵ㡣ߣ׼ȡ壬С͸̩չˣ
һ㶣˵û׼ġһν棬ʼ￴ܾӧ͸ŹŹ֡ʦ֣ǸʲôҶӸ˵Ҿܻס
һҪҶأ
˵ϲҶӵġŮ˼Ȼã˵ӧҲҶӸȤʦ˵ףѾɵأµġǰڣжҲġһ飬˵Ȼգ˵ôȰҶӵҰɡ
Σ㻻취У
һû˵ΣСǾϴװܾȥ鰸ʡҶ̫еġ㣿С̩뻢ڡն
һᣬվߡ
ȥģ
ǸȷʵмءѦ鵽֮սʱһݾӧĻ̽թҪðգյĵԽ࣬ӮԽ󡣡
ת˼ϡ
ʱị̃ջһƬ
ֺҵСԺƻϨˡʱ˯ŵͻȻһؾѹ´סԵĵ
û˽ȴŵΣյζ
ȴϢϸƬ̣ٲȥŵ˲亮棬͵һһܹεߵĽǶȵֱ·ȥ
غϣϮغ󳷣ƺʧԺС
һԺţ˼һ²ʣǵѣһ
һᣬһϮ´ӵӰճժĺڽ΢΢һЦȭ֣ɣ½Ҷѡ©Һãðˡ
Ƭ̣鳶˸롱ƣԭǾʢ߷ˡ빫ӣ
飬߹¡
빫ҹã𣿡
ʲֲֵ̽޶⣬ֻǲһҿֲǽˣǡ飬򣿡
빫ӻۡΣ
ΡҶἰ֮£ֶ֪԰֮սп
ڶУ˲סȭһ͵صоεɱûֻƽؿ
ã鴹۽ޣ̲طʣʱ·;֮Уġ½үڰսûһѣ
Ŷڰǲս
ûС
䵭˼Ƭ̾˵Ҳ²ֲսģΪԱĸûյĽ١
û
֪ĽһݣݾʱɱǵĶξɱڰ֮һʮ⣬ǰǵһϡʱѩչѹһǧʮղ䣬ΪļͰĲȡʱ䣬ӹΰ֪λݶξֿйϵ
ӹһ˿˳ǣ£Ҳա
оԼĵ΢µЩ˵Ҷؾǰ˼ֻܾлҡ֪Ļǣȷţ½үĸף֮ս飬šðˡǡ
ıӰƬ̣ȵȡ
ֹ
Ϊʲôİ£빫ӲǸ𣿡
ת˵֮ս£ǽʿԡѪƴɱѩչѾ̤ƽྩĴ뿴Ʒٰʵ⻼֮ѣһս־ܶ𣿡
ĬȻ˺һ˵ΣҰʵۻ𣿡
ûشֻ˵Щӳз粨ڿջ˰ɡֻºҲѵðԶΪá
ûٴתվ˵Ҹ㿴һ
˼һ£ɸ
򿪼ֽȡһŷƵֽƬƬɺԵѪ˰Σɻþǣͼ
Ҿķ߱ͼ
ѪԼӡۣòſǰơ˻ƺܾãɾЩ죬ʣͼӺ
ͣһᣬ߽ش𣺡оǰڡ
 

441 ߷

ɴۣʶذĿմѪľͼЩٶ۰ͷתʣ㣬߹ˣ
Ļš
һ͵ץס׷ʣ˭
Ļš
ܾã͵ɿ֣ײϲվץסͼֶ΢ضֶۣ˺һסٴۣһ߹ѾͼСĵۺãŻֽյ֣պͼˣҪȥһҶ¾ôˡ
֣ͻȻʣ㲻ˡϤӣǽӵܣ
˵öԡ
ת߳ȥʧҹɫ
ջ⣬ķľӰ硣
ص߷ɴܾòŰĻͼһ顣
ȰΣķ̾·ߣֻܱţʤΪ
ԡȲҪšʦ˲һͼĳƾ仭˰ͼ
գϽٴҩʱҩѾˡ󣬲ҽͷҩЧ൱á
̫ˡȥҩȫ¡
ǡ
ûתһֱĽʣϹҪȥδҩ
߷Щʱ˳еҽݣӹš˵߷ҲҩҾȥԡ빫˵һҩκô󲿷ֵĲȻҩ˵һʧķ裬Ҳҩκõġ
شһԼδ飬ϽִͷɥرԹ˵ҩֻжʮƿһƿҩһƽ𣬼ֱǶթ
üʣ߷ģ
԰㻹ΪΣȥȥ
һүˡ״ȥ
ע⵽棬ϽȻü⣬Щš
ҩҩɽ̵ġְȴǵ׽ܣΪ㱼ҽ֡ϽզզֻװӣҩϣȻ塣
ȴСʱûʮƿҩ
ǻʮƿ𣿡
ĭסش𣺡үҸҩͳˡƿ˵ʲô֤һ࣬ûʡ
ѹѹľϽ̼װںһڣ߷רҪۣԵͷҲáҽҽĲͷġ
֪ǰһյ龰ҽµʲô̾һͷ
¤֪ΰţ״æʣҽ֪ʱҽ𣿡
ȻҩȻ̫һЩҩľ͸ùˡ
ˡ
ǽͬⲻͬ⣬ҽоһƿеҩ˼ܾٴΰżӼҩġ˼У𽥵ע⵽ʲôٿЩҩƿм־塣
￪ʼҩܲظˡ
ô
үҩҽ˵ЩҩЧģѾ˷ӣڰҩ˵ϲĲأκҪʱա
ͷܲӱȥ
ɾšϸеŹֵĺ죬û쳣֣ûд˵ĿֲĻĻܲ΢ġһᣬܲͻȻʲôæʣ¤ҩ𣿡
šү˵Ǵ߷ҩַԸȥ򡣡
һ㶣ͷʣ߷
ǵġ
˰Σܲ͵վӧĲԣתͷԸտǣߡ
£ȥģ¤СŸں档
û𣿽ˡ
¤һĹһӱǰĽ֪ʱˣ⡭
ӧģ϶ȥ߷ˡߣȥ
ص鷿ܲŷûȳһ졣˶һ㶣ͷһճһˣķǡ
Ĺӣأ
ү㣬үĹػˣ˿ȥ߷ȥ̲װνƲǵĹϵ

ϲжڷƵ߲˵ӧǲֵ©һҡָؾ֮ǰǳ߲û˵ϲȴҲָүͻҧ֤ˡ
˵ܲѾˡɹӧ壬ԴϴǵɣΪⶾȡʱ䣬֮Ҳӵж˶֪ʲôζܲסȭβʣΣӧ᲻¶֣
ġʱ߷Ѿ⣬Ѻ⡣Ͻ̡½Ҷܺյ̲ĴƱʱţֻӧӵ⡣
ĬȻãܲȻݺݴ˼ӲʣѵǾ͸ɵţ
Ȼ˵¾ȥ̫ǰ״ӧ·ϣʻʵҪεǮͬʱڸߣȥϸѵϹ¡
 

442 

⣬ܲʣӧ̫ѵ⣬᲻ѷŭϡ
϶Ȼ䱾ʦҳ֤ݡ
ⲻǰﵹæ𣿡
ķҡͷǣʵǡڸߣΪϲⶾôϹ£ضǨŭ١Ů֮±ضѰıʿʼơǾһαӧͼıԶڴﵽĿ֮ǰ᲻ɱʦܵģ²õġУ˵ʵҪȻʵף۲һķӦ
á
ΪһȹرܵĻء£ȥ½ǵϢϽ̻Ļ͵ŷͳС
ףܲԸ¤һɫƣŲеģƾ˲ҪͨͿԽ
л
ķʧܵ죬ٴγױպϡ
Ĭãܲʰü˼˰Σŷжȥ
ʱ̲ӧ̴̵һԣźιʻ
ܺ¹ðˡͳ쵽ǰٱ߷ɢ߲ɣһʡ
ؾȵؿιʲô߲
֮ǰֹ߲֪ɣ
֪һ߷ĻƸȥġʱ߷Ҳ˺üѲԼɵĴ£
үӢȷʵˡӧӿڻش
һۣһЦǷ˼ԼԼҲġ߲κΪιôֳ
ү֪ǰֳ̩߲֮ǰ߲ǳơιĵذǰؽһ顣
꣬Ʋ죬˵ʣˣǸѶ߷ΪΣѲɻ߲Ǳɢģ
үˡ¹Ѿձµ˼߷ռ󣬵߷ϾǺүĲҵ
ꡣҺֻǺбںþĴٹ˸ɫʲôʲô뱾޹ءֻͼ𣿡
û뵽գۼԼժøɸɾιЩӧţһתʣ֪ү߷ηֳɣ
ķֳɡЩ˵ҩ׬˼ǮҾʹȵĲҪˡ
֪ү˰𣿡
ӧһۣ˰ǻ£ΪΣ
Ǻǡ¹ֻʡ
һ壬ǿδˣ߷޹أµǮ߷ûҡѲ鳭鲻ҵ£ҵǷǮܳ乫ҪҾ͵̫ǰǼٹ˽һݻȥ
ĿŵıӰι˵ʲôڼഫּ̫ټӧ
һӧ˳Ŀ⣬˹֣ȥ
̫УܲŻʵ۵ӧͷһ顣̫꣬ûȻʵۿڣͷԸӧ鷿˼Ȼ󣬺԰ܲһᡣ
ܲˣʵ۲ʣĸΪӧ˼
һҪءӧһ
ĸһ˵˸һסʵ۰һ鷿¸ĸףĩ˵޾׾Ǹ˵Ǹӧ˵߲£޾̽һ¡ǣ޻뺦ڸŮˡ
ӵĻ̫˼Σҡҡͷ˵ôֻݾߡӧߣΪģֻ֮ǰ޶ȥȴͻȻؾȷ¡ʱҪסѣһʨӲãȫԸ
ʶӧ˼ֻܵܿġίˡɳɴ²СڣһʱңܵڳԽãЩܷģģĻӵܶ˲ܱ书һۣӴ̫ƽ
ĸ׵Ľ̵ʵ˼žʣ߲²鲻飿
ȻҪ顣벻ǲҪɲǸԵģ
ʵ˶پ˵޺θɣ
Щܵܿġʲôʵȴ𣿡
š
룬ֽ̫˼䣬ʵ۲Ż鷿鷿ǰӧƵعšܲһվһԽѵ
ʵ۳֣ӧ߹񣺡¡
ߵܣ㻹£
԰£Ƿծûʮɣġ
ʵ۴㵣Ҫʲô
ѾˣǮǷû׸̫ıֻʮ򡣡
ԣʵ۶ʱ˵Ƿˣһû˵֡ԼǷծôҪǮԼ취
ڻʵ鷿ܲҪǮһʣ£𣿡
סʵһӹһĨȴȥ˼žЦЦʵ޼ǵĵʱûšһ£û߷ںδ𣿡
 

443 Ҳ֪

Ķͷܲ϶ػش𣺡ûеġһڹ᲻鷿أ
˼һ£ʵʣó鷿ĵбĵط𣿡
ǰϲ᲻ǣ£ɸ˺úҰɡϲģ׻ǸˡһҪ
áҡ
л¡»ǸǮɡ
סʵһ¾˵С²ΪԺûǮͱ򡣡
ǡ
ܲƱˣ˳ϵһԱֽûӧʵ۴غȥˡֱҹɫѺڣŰӧ˼䣬Ը׷߲İӡ
ӧ뿪ʹʱ½ҶϽѳ´ϻصķڻǡ˰ѳ´ʵľϸһ飬ķؽ˼䣬ˡ˴˿ϽСʣ硭̲᲻£
ץסһֻ豭½Ҷ˶Żش𣺡˵ҪȾȽ㡣סЩӳ£ĶȥҪȥ˾ְӵáڸɣ˵̫Ȳޡ
֪
һϸ̽ڷ磬ʲô˵
ͷ
½Ҷܿȥĸףĸֹ˺һᣬųȥξ
ʱһ̣½Ҷ뿪θûãиҶܶ죬ȵһתͷ⣬ңһ£ӯӯһ̶һϲæ߹ȥ΢Цһ£ң壬ôˣ
εӣװ˵ʣҲܻ壿
ȻܡΪݡ
һҲ棬ˡ
䣬½ҶȻ°ۣЦáȥǱ߹ɡ
ð
˲ڽɢӧٴ뿪˸ۡţͻȻƳʲôһʣڣŮ˭
壬ڴˣƺ𿥵ֶŮǸϵһʱһΡͲˡ
ǶŮıӰӧЦһ½Ҷͦ۹ġȻʣ½Ҷأҿ춯
ûСʥּ͵ңԶ½ҶպˡСһ˴뾩ǲԶȥˡ½ҶԼĳǡ
һ£ڲ˵ݣϣ˻ı
Ŷû׷ӧֱ̲ιͻظˡֵص̲¼ӧϵóЩڹϸ꣬ӧʣɹںδ
ˣͳ·
谵ɰţƺ˯ˡŲû̧ͷǰͣһᣬ£Ƭ̲ʣ̩ʲôϵ
̧ͷ˿ӧʼ磺ǿˡ
Ϊʲôϴ߲Ȼ߳ȥ㣿
£Ҳ֪Цһ·ʣͳô֪̩ȥңѵҲ߳
԰
û뵽һˣõͳ˵Ĺػܳ
Ҳɡɣ˵ţӺδõô챦ѩ֥֪Щںδ𣿡
֪
㻹
ǴͳΪʲôҪأ
ӧһ㶡
ʵ޼۵ģ˵ǲֵǮġ˱ؿܡ⾳֪ΪǮΪѵãܿܿΪıǮƷѾĳЩ˵˿ڣƻֿɵãҪĵرҩԵ̩̫ϲ챦ͳϲǡ˸ӡ
֪ϲʲô
Ҳ֪
⻰ٴΰӧ˵һ㶡ĿһһɣҪҶɣ̩Ϊʲôؾ˵Щҩұ֤ȫˡ
ЦЦش𣺡̩ΪʲôؾҲ֪ЩҩҵġǮˡ˭ȥ˺δҶ֪ûش𡣡
һϽ̵ҩӺζ䷽ģ˭ģ
ЩֻǲˮĲҩҼôżŪġ˭֪Чء䷽ڻǶ
߲㲻߲Ľҩ𣿡
ײ̸ϵġ
һƺνӧʱܲȥ״ͷаһϸߣһѾסЦɣΪ̩˵ֺ飿Ҹ㣬ǶԼժøɸɾƳ
Ǳûн飬ͳˡ
ٶ죬ɿ֣վЦûáȻ㲻ҳȫ㡣ˣ
ڣ
˵Ϊʲôκ߲ҩ˵壬ź򡣡
ǡ
̷ڣһùվǰ˿ɲ˵빫ӣͳʣδ˲ԤģȰʵʵ˵µģٰﲻ㡣Ϊ֮
 

444 һöռ

̲ùˡӧ߹Ƭ̲˵㿴δҲˡɣ㲻ỹָ˭ɣ
ҡҡͷ
ΪʲôҪά̩
άҲ֪ͳ̫ѣûش𡣡
˵һ顣
Ҳ֪
Į̬ȳ׼ŭӧʧȥĺѩ֥ٻٵصأƤͷһҳ顣
ӧƹ֮ʣܾںιϡ
δˣôӧԼ̲أ϶еġ
øΣӧּ鰸𣿡
ҲܷһɥĲءô죿
ܾЩͲˡҲʣӧȥôⱡ֤ݲ֣ѶƹͰ˴ˣ˵ȥġң̩ء
ܾһ㶡
һɻ󣬺ιЦŵ㲦ѽܸɣ۲ӧôץץȥΪʳ̩𣿿˼ҲǣܺƲԼ£ֻҪҧסӧͲðȻɱҧסˡҿͦģӦͦס
Ȼ
˿ҪЭ御İˡըĸйϵһ壬ض跨ԱӧƽĬ֮дû׼ԴǶè壬и׳нιѭѭա
ͷ˼ãܾڵͷ
ԸܼҰߣι˼һŹչ磬ƹһСŽ˸ڵӣվةκ
ة࣬ҰܾȰˡġȥˣġ
лˡ
ةˡ֪ةãճΪã
̩빬״̫ӧ鷿ǰ˼ţ˵̩ʱҪһǮ鷿ֽáΪʲô̩˿ͣ
Ƭ̣
ԡ߲ĴȡڿĽֻҪָ֤̩Ʋ塭ɾͲ塣˭õ֤ݣ˭Ӯҡ
ιȵʣأ
һֶ飬˭Ӯ󣿡κζʡ
΢ιüβ˵ة಻úܹȻʱ̩Ψһһ볯ĻӡµǻҲû顣ͻȻؾˡö˶˵Ϊʲôۏˮ
ףȷʵȻʴУ뾩ɥȴԱ¼λ飬ֹѰζºڰӽɱްҺηٿһ
Ѱ˼ţιͷ
ϺǼɽۻܾҴҽ˾׸ը²ѳְʮˣˣҲ׸̱ʱԶԽӹܡƣܾᳵ·˾׸ͷ
⣬ͷε̯̯֣Ǹơˡ
ôģ
ʮǰƻúõأȴͻȻӣһʱѪͲˡҽʬɸʴ˵һﷸʲôģ˵ˡҲ²ݼҵ˰֣֪¿ɲ١
˴ǽܾݺɱڡ
ˣǱ߱Ͼǻʵ۵š˵ɡ
һܾͻȻʣηȥ𣿡
Ѫζ̫أʱûйѺ
ȥ
ǡ
ηѪζƺδɢȥЩܾǽһؿ˰һ
Щשͷ˵ηʯһû׾죬·涼ġ޳¶ġ
ԣɵʣЩ̽𣿡
ûСʴʱǰѲӣʱһ䣬˭
ʲô˭
ʸʴ˭˭ټġְˡƬ̣ı֣˼ֹʲô֮ࡣְˣû⡣
׽ĻܾĿʯϡʯش֪˶ã΢סֵĴֲڸС
õ
ˡ
˰Σܾڿ˼ʯµ֣Сׯ¡
˼飬ܾڵվץסͷ˼䣬ȥ
ܾŻҹ˳ǡСϣëҴլʬһء
ʮ߿ڣûлڡ
ѽһ£ȫңٲɱ˵ģĨȥ
ҹɫڸѪˮ۳СϪ
ʱݸ鷿˪߽ȭ񣺡ݼ
ˡΣ
ġһаףºۼ֮Уҷһ뽫һۡ
һö¾ɵķλռǡ
ϸãʣ
 

445 

ͻϮ˽ݳǶһׯ԰԰кܶףˡǰ˾ˣʬҲߡׯ԰鷿ҵġ
ׯ԰ʲô
鲻ڽ˵Ǹլֻĸ˴ɨֱǰ½½˽˾ԽԽˡ
˪ϸ֮еţؿЦǰãܺãǵȫѹöռдáַ㡣
ڡ
˲һ永ŵﷸģ
ǡ
˪ˡǾסԺ²Ҫȥע⵽á
л
鷿ﰲöռսܸܺõ뿪鷿ȥϷڣ˸ǰڡ
Ӧ޳˲Ĵգ˸һƿҩһֽѰҩ˵Ĳͷ߰գҽҩЧҹ漴Ϲңѳƽһƫڵø˷ͷ߰վʹתڽ£˶̬ĹۣӱùһЩ
ʱż硣
ˣһЩ𣿡
رۣѾ߻ˣүˡ
ʱɢȥϹڵһ裬һߡתʱŻ˽ŲͷȹǣȥקȹӣƺסʱƮֻƬүôˣϲ°ɣ
˪ڽҵһ֤ݣ淸Ҫˡ¡ǴҪѣƻء
ү˾ͺãﲻǵү𣿡
ݣϲקȹӣӿŲȥ
ҹˣ̲ΣһαˮѡӧΪĸӲбͿֲʱ˺ۣʹʧȥ֪
Ϣţüûٿ
ֵҹһֱš״߽Ȱͳ죬ȻﷸϾûж˲õġ
һۣ׶Ŀŵô˸æĿ˵ְֻǵģһδ˵
ʲôҵšһȥһ䣬ӧ߹ȥס򢣬Цɣһ̾ߣ벻һԣ

йһйҲܲסп̷֪ΪʲôǴ㳤ͦ˵ſ˹֣Сǻ᲻ܵñӻ죿
֡ٿȻͫף˻ʣ˵ʲô
˶ġù֣Ͳϲˡαء̩ܸңҰΣұҲ˵һСܹǸýǸԶ߸߷ɣ¶һĨа
ΣͻȻʣ޸ˣ
԰ϧث֣˺ƾƣ˼ҵӣʲô̹ȻԼնӧ˵̩֪Ĺϵ᲻Ͳ

϶ġûԼŮűˡ𣿡
ûش𡣹һ˵Ҳ֪̩ܣ֪ءڻʹһ̨
û뵽ôһ仰ӧٿȻ
ƺЦȴ۵õһϢţ³һѪĭЦ˵ͳʮһˣʰݣºͣ㻹ǲ̨֪İɣ
Ц÷ⰭۣŭӿһסĲӣʣ֪

ӧ΢֣ʣ˵˵̨ģ˭ģҲ㣬ô
˰Σػش𣺡̩˵ġ
һɵ̩ǫ֪̂
û׼ߵġ
˵ʲô
ͳȥʻʵ۾̨֪ˡôʣҽɡȿȡɱûã˲㷱̨ܡ
ãҹ㡣ҪϷŪңɣݺݰ赽ϲ˼ţӧȥ
̽ͷһû˿
谵ɱڵϡηʪ䣬ȴУоһë۾ϣѵĴܵһ̶ϱůĿܾãЩΣۣһ˫۾ǰֱת
ѵתһ飬ſֻצӱһҩƿҩҺԼĴϡ
һ˲ͻȻ죬ֻǳòţ΢ҩҺ¡һ̺ǿܶˡ
Ŭãڿǽϣͷ糣лˡûжֻǺʹ
 

446 ʦ

̲ԶһС¥ķǡ図ڵ󡣲֪˶ãӰһӯϣ㵸ؽһȻ󻬻һڱϣҵͷ
һĻʮֽĵ˶̲סЦ˼ֹסЦķǾ˵˵úأ˺öദûжӧ湻ݶġʦ÷̨סһȥʻʵۣǡץסʱ
΢˿صͷ
һҹȥжˡ峿ʱ֣Է˵Ȱˡǣδѡ
űܲһķתļƻ¤һȥϳɢʱ֣˻ʵۡ
£̲ܽ컧İӡЭܻȴô©ղ󣿡
ȵؿʵʣư
ԡܾúδʮУƺôġ
áˣּʮƻ첻úιԼǡ
ּ
ּ̫ȥʵע⵽ܲɸţʣߵܣҪغ󹬣Ҳȥ
˵԰ﺮ÷ţȻûѩȥһ
Ȼתһ˵Ǿȥ߰ɡ
ʵ۴ܲ԰ȥˣӧƲѡɵĻ֪һ̽鷱̨ĺûᡣò׵ȵɢܲȴŰۡ
ʱ̽ǡ
űǸĵùôȴûᡣҺи׵ܵܣĸҲǸģҪˡ
ǻáﱧֻɦŪˣ˺ޡ
бһۣЦүϲһסˣѡ˼ұϾھˡ
ǡүҲȥ𣿡
ߣСүëûȫѧ˽ѹˡү򣬽еȡҺϼСŮӽ㣬Ҫɾͳϼҽܵˡȥɣүνҹôʲô
ǡ
ǵ¡
ӱ󲻶ãܲ˸δ޵һ̺Ů춼ˣԷ˵ȡ
һɨŮܲԸ¤˵˵ɡ
ǡǰãϸѾ߾ϲͶʱ򣬲ʶ·ȥԷ˵棬Է˵Ѿޡ
ѻȸ
ϲգ޳˸Ľţ˽¼˾һ档
ԼѾߣһ¡
󾪣Էæʸڷϣ£檲֪ޣ֪ʲô
֪¤˵
ǡϲԷλȥ̽ӡԷ˴ȥһŮǸģһۿްһŮͳĽš
˭㻹˵֪
ûûеģ£ˡˡ
᣿¤ޡ
ŵõ˻һ£һʾãԷ˴ϼҵѾȥ̽ӵˣ˵ϼҶ̻͸һֻƽΪлүūֻǷ¡
סһᣬԷͻȻ˹ȥסܲȰ󣺡£檴ˣ檴ˡˡ
˦ܲʣض˵δã
ͷڨڨЦ벻ôͿ£ʶЩ˳⣬ԵشԼ꣬һɡ
£ҲˡˡһذɡԷ˿Ű
ˡ㹴ʱôû뵽ˡߣٿ
£
Է˿޺űˣʶ޾˽ŻϢԱɱһʱܲӲڸ£ŮǶֶΣÿգǲŵһηһĶŵ˻һ档
ʱһڼү˵ϲ̵٣Ѿӱ̣
аɡ¤ٰżµȥ̣֮ǰЩֻ״ĲҪˡ
ǡ
ضڸԺҪġ
ʧְˡ
û𱸣ȥʱһͽϸ꣬ϹüëһЩʣô£ǲǸˣ
ŵĻӲػش𣺡ϴҼүǷǲ֣
СֻǾú⡣
˸ϵ޹ءү˵ϴ˹ܺüﶷֵȥ
Ϲºݺһҧȥж̡
ٷɿˡ֪ʦ֮ºײԩүѽҺĸСѩҲдѽ϶ҡ
бۿϷǻ䲻ȵ˵ޡʶˣ޶֤ôԩνġϴˣļүûȤ֪ǡ
 

447 ζ

ﳤȥϹ´һǸȻ˼ס˰ѱ²࣬࣡״εذٳһ٣ȵƽѾ
үģŹɡ
ŹɱεǸ˭ô˦٣Ȼƽͺ͵Ǹ
ϹµǸӣܲЦһ£ߣѾֻǸˡϴˣļ£ҪٰЩ߰ĹŪ
ǡ
Ϲ»űӵǸ뿪λһᣬϽ³Щ㣬ٴǰߣһھ볤ֺԶͣƬ̣ʻ¥³ΣһʳСйһʱŻص
ڽͣܲӱװ̽ǡɻ˯ѡͬʱ図Ǵܵ˳ֺ
һ͵̽ӲѾ߷̣շ˳¼ٰǡͬʱܲظߣڸѾȫе޵ж˰еļӡǣŷżٰ绤図ӽǱһǡ֮ٴڽϹ䣬ܵĶҡ
ֺķǰжǰ½һ顣
Ƭ̣ҡͷ˵ƺûٻοԳԵġ
ڽһ㶡ķǹֵԳԣ
ٻηɢ֮ԼǿճƤϾ˻˯ѳ̷࣬Чӱ˵ٻεܼټ־綾ǿԡҺֻݣҪĶһԱӱ߷ˡ
˽
ҳҩǾ͸ֻѪҩСЩңǾѪ͸֧֮˵ǶѾڻزʳһգԾѹסˡ
ʼ磬Ļεϣ֪ٻôŹ֣о𣿡
ģúˡɹȥ䣬ֻ͵ᣬӯϣεķĩƤʧ
һĻ˶Щ
ûнͣٴΣԸķǷãͷ˼룬סĴ׵Ѩ
һ̹ȥˡ
һʱȥˡ
ǵʼңӿʼѪתڣȻѪٷӵŨصѪζɢ˵ĸѪķǵ֣Щջǵۡ
̺ɿ֣ýֹѪҪˡ
ĦľĻ伸ͬʱγ룬ץסǵһֱֻۣ䡣
һ󣬱ӿѪֹסѪ䵭ԽԽЩɫ۲ѪĿ¶ɻ󡣵ֻۣðס졣
ȴ˺һᣬ̾Ѫ㣬ҳ԰ٻΣӾ˶ԡǶֻγ˰˳ɡҪýҩﻺζÿһյƷѪѩɽһĲƷպܳ
ٴλһۣķҡͷֻˡ̩ǮѪԵ𡣡
ǻѪңͬʣΪҪúۣǲǼӾ˶ԣ
ɻؿź͵ٴνף綾ӱ䣬Ƚ֯ʪ֮Ϣһ壬ʱı仯ÿ˵ʲͬںʪ֮תⶾʱ̣ؼˣתʪ֮Ϣ֮ڸʬù֮شƣ֮ǡñɣһ̶Ͼ͸ױ̺֮ϢںϡʰζһʱѪˡ
룬̫ˡղҩͻѵġ
þȾͺãʦûаװװ򡣡̾ţķǷԸ図ߣշʱա
図ߺʣǰҵǲжˣ
ǵѪֱܹЩڡ
ǰ֮Ǻġ
ô죿
ֻմЩ룬ϰָ˾ĻζȻźˡ
ķڳֺ룬ŷ図ƻСĵرܿĿ˹գ˳ذͻӱԶĳվӰŵĽĿ¶ɻָһŵң˷ܵҡţƺΡ
ͬһʱ̣ӧƵվ鷿⡣̻ܲŸˣ¡ˣ£û˵ľ͸κ鷿⡣˵˿̣û˵ꡣ
ɫڣڸˡ
Զӧѹѹͷķ߽꣬鷿֪γֵĴǶסʵ۵ģΪ˼Ӱסȷ˳ⶾ
 

448 ޹

ӧʵվ˵ʲô˵ɡ۵ûۡ
£ҹɣ˵˼£֡
һ·ߣʵʣ˵ʲô
˵̩һ̨̩޵ķʸ᲻׾
ֹʵٿȻתͷ̨ô֪
˾㵣ӧתͻش𣺡ûʡ̩߷ἰ£ûȥ̨Ұɣû׼ǡ
ü˼ܾãʵɻ˵ôܲصסҲգȥ
ϲӧϡ
ʵ۴ʹߵһ̤һҰĻȡº޹ŵĵơ
ţӧ𽥾ͷΡĿǻɵģݺܸߣƺӲ޼֪ԼںδԼĽŲȴöͻͻֱͷ
죬ʼ亹
ļžﲻ֪˶ã߽¹һ˵С¥˵ϵԲʯϡĻݣһ
һԲʯϣӧֱصС¥ֺ̨ƴʯסߣƺסһ
֪˶ãоһֻԼü¡عʶ˸
¡
ôɵĺ޷Ӧ˵طʲô϶Բضģ
ǰūŷ̨תһȦʲô϶ûС油˵
ܼˣӧ֪Լ׷ʲô£ֻͷһΣؿںѹŴʯ˵ķŻס˵£Ҫȥʡɣ
ðɡ
ŻʵߡӧýŲЩƮòȫסˤҲϾ۲ΧĻֱ߳ţŸоͷۼһЩȻһ䡣֪ʱ亹ʪ͸һʪ䡣ֻøȥˡ
̲ɿǽšĬĬʱ䣬Ӱһӯߣһֽšֽһֻ衣
鵤ܶ
֣΢Цһ£ԥ裬ö͸ҩһ¡յֽ˵ЩʲôŲϸת˸ƣԼһװһϢ
Ƭ̺Ŵ򿪡·һɵڵƺˣæܹҡιѣѣˡ
ҡ˺һᣬۡ
׵£ʵüƽʲôǣʾ¾ʣ̩ʱ㷱̨ģ
û뵽һ˿ȣȴԴӽаش𣺡Ρ
ʲô
״ֻ߹ڶʣ㣬̩Ϊʲô𷱻̨
Ŷ˵ȥұε֡˵κֻģ˵и̨϶ܻ
Ѿ渴һ顣
棿
£ô˵ġ
ǫ֪̂ģ
̨ӿԴ򿪡ôࡣ
һ񣬻ʵ˼ˡӧһֱվűߣɫףƺ
ŲԶȥٴξ£ɵ˵ʦ֣ʵʡ˵ʵ۵⣬䣺Ҳ²ʵ۴ΪȻʵףȻĶ˵ʲôǻᣬùʲ󡣡
ܣķȵؿʧʱӦ޳
ߺöĵõģУȥĶˣ
ϰ˼£Ӧ޳ժƤߣ˻ξ͵ش꣺ӰҵģɣҴҡڵؽ˳ǣӽǰ߹ϲЦ˼ʣأкҪ¡
̯̯֣̲Ρ
ʲôˣ
¡Ҹ㡣
ķǰҹ̽򱻷ջҴαңҹʹͼΪװҽжǰϸ˵һ顣
ţӦ޳ʣⶾ𣿡
඾δ壬ûдˡ
Ǿͺá
ע⵽ʲôķʣôŮˣ
Ĭһ£˵ҽǣ˵Բ硣ЩҲ鵽һЩ¡ǷӦ޹صġϣǣĸײǲġ
½ǰи֣ҡϹŮ붫ƹ½үѡŮ١ֱŮѡϣ½˲֪Ϲµ˼Ϊ˳ܡ½үȥʴ磬Ҿȥסôģ½ûĸά빬ˡ
½ү½˲ϼӲϹ¶ֵĴѰ½˵ĸѾòסȰ㣬½ȴְԶߣȫԼ˾ǣиһֱڸﵱŷԺ¡ٹܼҺװȵ켺˾˳ʹ뿪ֵġӦ޳ݳһָָֽм֡
 

449 ɶ

ӹϸһ飬ķüϹ·̫ӣдŮڻʺ½ȴѵҪӪ˷޷ĿСͲĻֻĸһġҷԸŮȥֻãͻȻ˹ܼȨ
ǰҲ֪£öǣߣȨ֮󣬷˵죬Ϲ²Ųʡ̾һӦ޳˵Ҳ鵽иŽ࣬˸ɷ򲻾ǰȱؾǡؾݼ١ɨصĸߣ鸮߶ү˹١ʱ䣬Ͻٴαϳţٲ֣ı
Ӧ޳һѲ鵽˵꣬ĩʣҪҪǸŮץʣ
ķҡͷȻ˵ͣضӧϵóȻץݾߡ
Ǵ缸ʱܳ
֪

Ƭ̣ķǾʣȻ޹أû˭пģ𣿡
ˡ˵û˻дС֣֪ѧ˭д൱ر𣬾Ϲ¶˵ŮէȥƮǳʵ̺أζȴģ¡˵С㼫ƹʣáд֣Ͳ֪ˡ
룬ķǷҰΣҳһдðٻ䷽ϸãͷһһȷʵֶصζѹӡ̣Զ˾ˡ
ǰô
ȶõľٶһ³ϵϢסҪݾߡ
áӦ޳Ҳѣٴδߣһˡ
һߣ
ķǿ㵸ӧѾЩĵػصû˵һ仰ͨԵʡ¡󾪣æȥҴǡ
ɱһʦּʱˣ
ڹôˣ˼⣬Ůѯʣ޹
벻ֻͨóҩȥȴ˰ʱӧͻȻۣۡ³һѪ
ӧӧôˣ
ʹͷۣסͷӧҽ
ת˼ȦһŽеȥ̫ҽԺԺٴ
ǡ˵ٴҪּġ
ʲôּ⣬ȥ
ǡ
ʱٴ˵ͳ쿴˰ˣ߱ƴɵˡҩùϢһӻõġ
ڴ㵣ˣûȥİ
ǾͲ֪ˡġǡ
л
ٴʹ˳ǡĳšֻۿӧȴ˿δˡ
ڣȥ˺δ
ֻڹﵱֵںŻʵȥһ̲Σͣһ̾ͻͻʵۻعˡ˵ظȻˡ
ѵɺ
һĳ壬ɲ㱻ӧܺһʵûѽ
Ϊʲôˣ
˼޹ֻ˵ʰɡ
һҹƽӧû鷳
ɢܲߵǰһҩͯһӣ£Ժ˵ϴҪĽǻ跽ӣ˼գˡ
ɻػһ£ܲתתͷʣԺ̫ҽԺ
ڵġ
Ǻáȥһ¡ŷߡ
̫ҽԺҩһ䵥ҩٴáܲ΢΢һЦ˵¼Ȼˣ֡
͡£ܲʹ˸ɫŷߵ⣬װͥǰݡ
Ƭ̣ٴջ˵мǹңЩϢòáǸӻøһĲŸʡ
Ժǡ
ٴдд˼֣סʣ¼ǵ𣿹ϲǻ衣
΢ܲɵһǰġǻһ˿׷䣬ͣһЦЦǰ˷ĵ¾ϲĸȲ裬ĸݵľǽǻƵĲ衣ϲɫӹΨϲܡСʱÿηƢݽǻҺȣ̵ľסһࡣ
Ƭ̣ʣ֪ԺΪ£
ʱ˿̣ҪסԽǻ㡣

дһ˵ҹӧͻȻͷۻʣ˰ˣҪյʱ̲ѡ£⼸ֵܵЩҪץʱ䡣
ܲһ㶡
̫ѯ߲˵ֻ߲ǲơҪ
˵䣬д˷ӣݸܲ˵꣬˷ּȴ޹Ȼŭǹŵ֮꣬һֱֱ°ŵȥ̷̫̫󡣵»ǣЩ鳼ġ˿̾΢㲻ҪӲ
 

450 ֤

ٴסܲã΢΢ݣ˵Ժˡл
ˡ΢ᣬֻԾౡ֮óºܹϲڹϣڳ谮ǻ¡
˼Ƭ̣ܲͷ
ܲ뿪̫ҽԺãڼѯʡٴŲæذѷӸǸѰĲӣ档
á˵ЩﻹڿտһЩʱա
ּ
ʵ۵˼ܲصԸŷӧϢķǣԼ˼ܾûʸ˾д˷ţ¤ǲɿ˼ͳ
ͬʱܾھǶȥСׯһһƬ֣һʮܾŻÿһֻʮꡣˣǾۼϢ
ˡԱãһ̲סʣүôȷҪһÿõң
ǰЩͦģҸǾң᲻©ʲôأ
ܾۻʯµ֣ͻȻʣͯǵƵ𣿡
һ㶣ͯĻü˺һŻش𣺡ԭǸһС壬ʱսҾ͸游ĸӵǸ꣬ĸȾˣ޴ȥֻͶݼңѵʿȥ궬գүҸ±˵ĸĸǰһ֮Աһϡ꺮һοѩ
룬ܾʣ˵ʲô
ʲôͯҡͷ˵̾Լãܽ˸Ͳ˽ˡ

̾Ƭ̣ͯͻȻһԴˡߵʱͻȻ˵˵ĸĸӵǸط羰ܺãСϪʣļھгȺҰû˵ܻųȥүڸĸߡ
Ȼܾ߶˼䡰Ұ족͵һˡͷ
һ·۵ʱܾһн˻ԱһС
ңǲӣʱҰû
ŶǰǸطҪϰء£ʱڻݷʢĿ羰ãԶٵȽϻҪҰõµʱãֻܿСˮΡ
ƵĻܾ֪ҶˣЦЦлɫҪ˼ͷ棬һ·ҵַʣסˣ
ǵġ
طʲôر𣿡
ҡͷ
ɻ˺һ᲻⣬ַѰ˼ž˵ֻһջϢ
îʱ̣ܾһ뿪ջ϶ȥ۳һأĸӹٵƣԼŰ˸ɽ֣ػءͬһʱַ̣մ˿ջ֪ˣӲ⡣ĥ˺ܾãֻñ·һ·׷٣һ·۷ǣڻؾҪҡ
˦׷٣ܾһаʱһƽ¡ʱ֣Сθһˬ¸Ѱһ·ءĹ˻ңͷĲݺܸߣһ֪ܾûмɨˡ
ĹϿţȸĸơ
Ĺܾ߶š¡
ڡ
үϾ˼ҵĹ̫á
Ʋġ˵ЩʯּΪ⣬ҵ֤𡣡
˴˿߹СĵЩӲݣĹ¿ʼھ
ʱһֻľСзһţһЩƵֽ
дˣȻɼѪȣء˺֮գƱ뽫ڸĸߣǮ֤͸Ϊлƶװл
ǵƵֽݼҷеĽ¼ӵĶ֤Ͻŵܽףž͵Ǯķ߼¼ȵȡһפصĵͼʿᣬԼϽµᡣ
ԽԽľܾüëΣһԸֵͯȥɹҵʬˣƵʬǡҸʦƸĸŹȻھǸѰȥһ°ᡣЩȥ¶£һһȷ£ꡣ
ǡ
ܾ۵糸ϻؾǣԶվСëҴլգѪζ˺ܶӬԺӵʬű֡
ˣëϵĴ󻧣͹ʮ߿ڣȫˣ˸飬ߣɱ˽ٲơ
žٱԶҡҡͷֻûô򵥡һëҿмҾڵĺйϵ
 

451 겻ɢ

ʱѹܾϻ˾ǡʱֶٴθ򡣵֪ȥַȥ˼ûʲô
ǰ죬¾Ҳʲôġ
˼Ƭַ̣ͷǼȥŶһȥ
ֶ֪ܿȥ뱻ŵëң˵ƣըٵҷЦһǣֻԸ淸Ҫ鵽
ǡ
ַ˳鷿ʱӦ޳ҴҸϻ˵¥
Ĵ磬Ϣ˵˪ڽݷʲôЦ˵淸ʲôġ㿴
ȵؿ꣬ķҵ鿡ɻ˵ǰ˶ˣѵֵʬҲ߰ᣬġ
Цʲô
ΣķŻ飬
пķǵţɾ֡ץסֽ˼ãͻȻһǽ
糣ʦ֣û֤ض֤뿪ʱۼѾĨȥ˵˪ҵʲô֤ǵݡ㡣һլһֱţǰסȥض⡣ʱϺɺϡڶׯ԰ҵģҲ֪ʱзƾݡǾȳ˶Ｎգһȥ飬δز鲻ߡ
룬˵ָ֤֤ǡܵġȥǾߵ˵ȥ򡣡
£ü˼ãǿҪţһһҪҧסֻܹңһָ֪أԻӦʦָ常ӷţҧ
ת˼飬ͷ
ǵס𣿡
צţԾϺʧ
ȥɰǷŷڵյǽ˼ŶԲߡһֱǸ̶֪׽ѳ뵽վþȣֲЦЦ
˼֮ʣˡ
Сǣ
ۣе΢ЦϧΪʲôأӹһ˿Īʧ䣬ʰһǿЦһ£⡣ң˯˶ã
ܶˡû¾ͺáȽҷ壬ȥˮһ³𣿡
ǡ
طıڷϡֵ˵ƻ˳㲡˰㣬˶˵඾δ壬⼸ջҪΡ
ж˭ң
ǸﴮͨӧͨԼ㡣ȺȵˮӹСݵߣغԡҪչˡ
˶٣ǾֺЩˮȥǰܾԼܲ˲ѡһԿţȻͷ޵Уֻͳ֪ǺܲǼٳףֻ֪ɵݡ˿̿ԼСܲദľ̲ס
СѾ˼룬ʳнһתæ˵үˡ
Ŷתͷ˿óһЩ
죬ȻӦǡ
ֻ룬ȴֵΪʲôҪ
΢Цһ£ͣжôã˵ҪÿճһյƷ²ܺȫǶգʱ򡣹ԣ㶼ˡһЩźá֣ظ
ûӣԼݣҾͦǿ׳ġ
ʧЦٴץסУ˵ˡжôãúúòһ¡ζܺãֲǿҩ

ӱܲ˵˵ϵ£Ľչʶز֪Ϊ˾ӧ壬ȥᡣ
ͬһʱ̣ص֪ѵϢζЦЦ˵ΪɱԼЩӣֻҶǶסһҹĶûȥģҵһүǼˡϲȬϢǣǸһ°ɡ
ǡ
˳ȥ£ɫ޵ĸŮ̲סʣѵƾϲó裿һӣĸƾӹ󣿡
عЦһĸƾӹûǸ֡
üѾ߿Įͷһݣæ졣
ص˼Ů֪ѣ˵㣬á
֪ͬѵϢһЦ̾һȥϢɡүġ
״Ѿ֪Ȥظˡ
ﰲˡ˶վڴǰ졣ԾתһһѾ߽˸񣺡ݼˡ
һæתۿˣû겻ɢôԼˣң
 

452 Ӣ

ûѾ߻ش𣺡ں͵ֻ֪ʣ˭ǿ
˵ֻҪϢ޹ءҲ٣㲻Լ³ɺҸһƿҩĸӹҪ֪Ȼ󣬿һɫ˥ûжӣӻѹġ
һҧסܾãһľ˵ҲϢԸá
á
˵ϽҩȻҽһֱҽΡԼһգ½үķˣľĸ̽ӣѾڸչˣ˵ǵٻغҽÿ϶ӱﵽûԵˣֻܹ֪ܲЩӣүÿնȥӱֻһȥҶѾĵشҶЩѪүס
˰Լ֪Ϣһϸ˵
룬ѾüʣѪࣿ
ƷѪࡣ˵Ҷ˵ĵ˴ġһˣүͻȻȥǶѪࡣ
ȥҶǶһգ
ʱ䣬߲հɡʱڰأҲš
лˡÿոͣϢס
ʱӽ뿪
ͬһʱ̣ӧյϢϡۣ³һѪסͷٴαۡ
һţɫٰ׵ˣ΢˿ʣӧЩ𣿡
ˡסһᣬüЩƣػش𣺡䣬̨졣ʵ۴ȥ̨ԽҾԽͷۣȻѡ
㵣㣬Ϊȥ˷̨ˣ
ǰ˵ָоǸطֵúܡסԼǵס˵˵Ȼʣ˵̨֪֪Ļɣǲǹڲȥˣ
ԣһ㶡
˼䣬ͻϢѣ̩ǰڸԼޡʶЩ˶ˣ߱롣
üһʱ£
뿴
ϵϢĥòʣӧжǿоٶ
Ƭ̣ӧҡͷ
գϽȥҩѾҩ˽Ժӡǰһ̩ȥҶ˵˼ƷѪࡣˣȥΪѪӦġᴩЩ˿кһ֣ӧһ
Ŷͷӧһʣν⣿
֮ջߵձضȴȻƲⶾضϽҩռ䡣һȥȴƫѾߣ͸Ρͬʱܲظߣ֮γ˴󲿷ڹʱɺϡ
һᣬʣ˵ɹ壬ǵעܲЩ˾ͽǣ
Ҳ²ˡ
ӧش𣬸ǰ̽ĳ˽ЩһĶͷµԡ԰ˡʦ֣ɩӣһգʦ˵һ󣬻һͻȻ궯Ҿʹȥ˹˺þã̩ͣĽ⡣
ͬʱͬسô˵
̯̯֣ĳĿ¶޹ô֪Ҫʲôأ
ѧղһϲʳȸ֮ζ֮ʱضɢ֮Ϣװ״˺ûᣡˣݺݶ㣬ת˼ȦȻסȭһӢ۾ɣҳȫ㡣ͣþ
ǡ
תȥӧʣ䣬Ҫʲô
ߣúˣװǷɾ衣һΣҿôӢۣ
ԣӧĳ忴ı뺷ģԾر졣
һҹʱ֣ϽڱԺ˺ȾƣˡһţϽĶʱһƿŮˣӭȥ
ү˵ԩԩĪرүϳ˸ǲ˵ҵĻ˸ۣεεʡ
ġûҾҵίˡ޵գϽһ˵û
ԳЦٵʣұ۸үܲҳͷ
һһظ˭۵ĸ۸㣿
Ǹ֪˵ģǿˡһЦŵ˱ƵݵߣҺݺݵشһ١ңˡ
ƻţĹת
һ˾ҪͶͱϽʲôɻ䶼ˣУˣ
ڡ
δӵĻС˴˸Ȱү̲ΣǸطȥӢ۵ġ

״ݸүԼȥѽ򼸸˼䡣
 

453 Ź

ʱị̃һȥϽ̡
үˡղ˵үһڽ̲Ź˵ҪСֻع
˭鷳
Ҫ빫ӡϴδСС㣬үǵ𣿡
һϽİ𣬡ˣ̲ѽ
֪ʲô衣ǡǲСүھУҪҪү
ȵȣȵȡ죬Ͻ̼תһȦһӣܸүȥˣû׼򲻹ġȥŷͳ輸ȥܣȥܡ
ɡ
ʲô֪Ʋ塣ȥֻǼ¡ȥ
ǡ
̺Ͻ̴ĸ̲ʱһ̹ǽӭսʮ໽ԲŹӳʹϽվں棬һָӣ򣬸Һݺݵش򡣡
Ͻ̲Σ
ɣľ㡣ݺݵش򡣡
ͻȻ֣˵ָŹԼɣƲæѰһӣխǿֵŹòʣȻȻ˿̹ͷҲϾ˼ˣֻôӭս
ףϽ̸ϵˡŵʣ˭
磬Ͻ
˼һ£ȥɡ̫ͣá
лʮӣϽ̴ϡ˵ӣЦһʩʩȻˡŴ󿪣˿ءû˿̲ϢֵĶʮ䣬öᡣ
Ͻһ·񱼽һɱΧʱôУס֣
ڽһ㶣һͣ
磬ô£̲Ͻҳȥ
Ͻ͵ˣ̧һָСӺݴһ٣Ҹ˫Ǯ
һͷˡһ֣һٴɣһϽ̡
Ͻ𣿡
ŷ裡þװɵ㶵ӡϽڴǺ㵸
ݺһڣϽһ߿һ֣Ĺӣһȫ򷭣
ηźһƬ˸Ҷ֣ȭӡ
ĻսȻѰоɱȡ̣ϽȫߵڵأϽ̺ؾŸ½󣬺ݺݰǽײ
ְ㷸ʲô財˭Ի
ӣҴ㣡
ֵ˺Ųžһŭ𣺡ס֣ӣǸɵĺ£
ͬʱһ㶣ͷ
֪ʱϹ¸źιСŽ˴
ת˼Ͻ̶¸߹˵δˣ粻֪˭¡ܣӡ
ǡδˣҪɳȥҷ֣ء
ñҽ˽̲Źй߰ɡ

˽
Ϲ´ӵۣιһ˵λϹӣǵôĻ˵̲ΣǵԺӡˣȫʻϴˣĶӣһһɡ
鷳ˡ
ﾲˡƣϢѰ˼Ž־ΪΣ
һʱϼֵܻͷ뿪̲ιǸԽѵһ٣һϢˡ
ŷ˻Ͻ̡ǰֵôһкô𣿡
֪ŷͳ죬үʳ鷳
֪Ҳٳ£ĵ㡣
־ƵؽˡűᳰһӧʵдӰɡ

ӧڸдۣķϣƻͨŷϷھ
æµԳڿһӡս棬ƾɢ䣬ƵֽϸǩѺھڡһֻʣСصĹдżʮһյϲдͶ³Ѻ˻ƽһȡǧ֪ĿѾãǣëϡ
˴˿ֶ޲ܣԸڡ
Ǽæµ糯ʼˡ
գӧɸ١
ɢʱ֣ͳԭݣӧӡ
꣬ʵ۲ʣϼֵ̲ܽŹɣΪ˼ҵã
ǧȷʺ֪ˡ
ٴΰۿһ飬ʵι˼˵ΰ̫ˡ̲صأ޹ص룿
ʧְ
û׷Σʵ˵һ麮ӵܾҹŮʣ֪֡شٱʾͽ䣬ҪΪǡ
ɨһԭιӦǡ
 

454 

ص̲ι˼˺һŷԸһټ̡
̷ɿܲӧֵؾʣʹˣҷʲô
˷Ըشٱʾͽ䣬㲻Ҫٹϴ˵Ů
Ů
԰ˣ̡
һٱӿϼˣ۵ýʡϻηڵϣƺʧȥ֪
ģУϢңԶĵط
ɣ
ɣ
š
ɣ˽ء

ɣСڽ㡣ڽ㡣˭˭
ص䣬Ҫ־
֪̩ܣ˵СǾܻصߡ˵СǾܻصߡ
Ƥٶƺһѵ
Сǣ
ڵ㣬ڵ㡣˭˭
ǣǣǡǣû߶һᣬѵץסǽϵۣ૵ûûС亹Ӹëӿʹãۡһ̲Ѫ
վһԿ־ǱǣһʲôزԼԼŲü˳ȥﾲˣǽһٶѪ
Ųܿ쿿һȵ𣺡ɣɣ
ҡ
ҡܾãƺǿѹʣ˭
ҡܾ㷢ʲôˣ
ʲǡܾһ۽ǣڱѪͷƬ̣ҴͳһҩƿƿеҩһȻ£ְĺ󱳡
ʱܾջ֣ѪڡٴηסŻ谵ĵƻ˿ɫɷ͸һɻްĻҡ
ɣ
ɣ
˺üڶһ¡ȴһٷĹǿۣЦһ£л
㵽ôˣҽոջ図ˣʵͻȻּٱӣʲôʣҾ͸⣬Ϊˡ
ϢƬ̣ѵ˵֮ǰǣ

ʦ֣ҩҩ
ãáӻˣܾľѣæ£ҴҽĻԸ
̺󣬻ɱء
ƿҩ֭ŵܾ³ҧסһɹȥȴһ㣬͵ۣһƿĻ˵ڵһطڵѪ
ɣЩ𣿡
ȿȿȿȣ˺һٴ³Ѫɫ԰ֽüĻްɫɢȥˡץסֱ۴Ϣãڻû£û¡
˿ܾСˡ
һٷĹɱ̧һηӦǵ̬Ⱥ˲٣ܿɾı档ٺãܾʾ⻤ȥŲŵ˵üĿˡ㡭ǲӧ㣿
رۣش𣺡ϼͻȻŻң˵ʵּңҲҪ¡ӧԡÿһʩչһġҺá
Ҹ˵˵Ȱȳȥɡţѷ
ܾ죬һ˾͸ʦ˵Իʵ۾дѡʦ֡ٸ߻ҶֽСȥҪĶڹʵҲңӡ
򴽣ʧ֣δûһΡ
һʧܣڶξûˡ߲ܸĸ֡⣬ͻ취˿ҵ죬ǲл谭ȥ¡һҪҪǻ㳶ȥ
꣬Ҳûۻ˯ȥ
ĬһԣܾȥƣŵëңѪȵĻشãݺȭ
䣬һ߽
ṫӣٱӰòᡣҪҪϵҩ˿þͲˡ
ŶҲá
ܿһˮƿҩ
ҩûζˮůġܾһ£ֱϺ˿ڣȥѪҩۡ
սǵӰŶҾȡʱ߳˵ҩȥˡ
ݳһֻǮǲ˽ȥлӦҼҹӡ
ֻҪϹٲΪġṫڣǺġ
ЦЦǰͷ˼Ҳõġ
ĺʱص򸮡
ˣܣپҲûܺ־ܾͻȻˡµ¶ˡ
еŵðɡ˭̲Σ˭ȥ
 

455 ȥ

ʱܾ뿪Σ˼һװ˸ȻƽСӽŽ̩鷿ܲѱը̽ϸ˵Ĭβʣÿҷܷų𣿡
ֻƲ£δ˵û£û¡ҾӧǺģ׷ץأ
ǰӧǴʵǸɸġ
޼ƿʩ¤˵£ϲ
ܲȵôˡȥϢ
˵һҪ㣬ߡ
ֻ˵
Ǻܿˡãɫɺܲ԰ףΨ۾ˡ
߹ȥ֣ܲ𱸣СǣպЩúϢĴܡô䣬Ͳˡ⣬ů͡
ƾǣԼů£ǿܾʣ£ΪʲôץΣ
˶һ
΢һܾܲش𣺡Ƚϸӡʱڴεа̾ͰըװǱʹͼжӧ״˵һ顣
Ȼץסõĳë֪﷭ڵǰûڻѹȻóĲòΪΪȫ֣ΪԼ˰㡣Ŵ۾ɵøˣȴȫסʣô
áӧƹջƻʵ۴Խ԰׵в̣æο˵ҸҩƤȻأһõġұ跨˵ӧץסᣬǸϽ£µӳסߡ
û˳
ת۾ֿͻȻһӽе̫ˣôô
ͬʱһ
Цܲο˵СǣôǲѡȨȡᣬ
˵Ǹ󱿵ǶǱΪʲô⣿ӣóӧǲǻܷŹ𣿵£ڴΣ͵ڰѻѱӧצֻӧ磬һҴһṷǽץסţþ취㣬үȥ


Ѱ˼Σ˵ճ̶ţ¹ĸߣͻȻ̲ŹɣǾĽġ
ģһ£ܲΪʲôģ
һۣɫûӣһ߲
ܲȻ
ܾȴ򣬡ӧָʹĹƻܣͬʱỴ̈һȥŹһȥܣȴָɹáʵ۳ӧּͽ䡣˵رЧ

ԣܾһ١ܲĿ¶Ȼһۡ
˵ı飬ǶŲ豭һ˵磬а취ȥΰɡ
ŶУǡȥʲô
ȥһ֣ȳ
Сǣӧϴιﺦ㣬Щ͡ǿ϶跨ɾȳ㲻Ҫȥðաڸú඾δ壬Ĵܲõġ
ü⣬ҡͷ˵£Щ£ֻŮ˲
ϣϲ˵öԡȥΣӧҲֻᳶġ
ܣ˭ù˭ҧгݵػشת˵ϳȥװʲô֪
һִ֣ܾûȰ裬ʣ׼ô֣
ͷ͵ظЩƻػش𣺡㡣ҪȻҡ
˵ˣȥ̾˿ܾܲ㲻øս˶ȥ̲ΣǺ֡
£ܻ֪ġµ㲻ʵ䷴
ţ
ɻؿԼܾԥһȰ£㲻öԴЩ檵˼ȥĳϲΪжصĸԺ𣿡

Ů㣬õƽԴ𣿡
˰Σܲ񣬲ɵ˵Ȼûġ
ȥŮ˶ϲȴչˡͳ谮ñе޹ǡġҪغΣǰһƽȵȥԴҪĲŻӵĿռ䡣ֻг谮ġ
򴽣̲ܲסʣ֪ɵ𣿡
֪

˿˵Щû塣£ȰѴɡ
Ĭһ£ܲס
ҹˣ鷿ﻹŵơӱӵã˯ŵãյÿһΣܷӧצ֪ǸЩɱķǵŮʲôĴĳ
 

456 ̽

һ磬ȥˡϤؾ֣˼ž˵ȥģҪš
ǡ
ϸϷΪ˶ŭ׶ķ֪־衣˰ΣǼģطԸδӭӡ
Сˡū澸밲
ƤЦⲻЦαģǵҽžͻ䡣æ𣿡
ӵ飬δԲػش𣺡ʼ¡
ǾͲˡȥ԰䣬˳㿴һá
롣
ڻ԰һᣬȥСãٹ䵽̫̻Ƭ̣ȻŲߣž˾Ÿ󸽽վסſ˿˵㣬ǰסӡȥ
벻ͨСѣˣСӡ
֪϶ˡ߰ɡ״ֻøϡ̤Ժţһźɫӵ˳¡û뵽ˣһ̶üһûʣôˣ
ѽΪȥˡǰסģһʱľͻ
ʲôÿģҲӭ㡣
һЦԸߣһʣ˵ǰȥɣ˼Ҳ㣿
һ㶡
ãƤǳץסᡣ˵ʲôã˼һڴʱĸŮ˲װأ
νվüģóֻ⣬˷ʱ䡣ƺһ䣬Ȼתߡ
վסԽԽòζһקסȹ
ʲô֡
š˵˵ʲô᣿
ʣӹһ˿תǳһЦù˵費ҪģֻǱ˼ʣܳġǸõĻᡣȥҲ
סʣܽȥ
Ȼ̶ƽȥ˦ãˡŽıӰһžͷԸȥġ
ǡ
Ǻܿ뿪ϸй䡣ȴһ
һȴģ֮ȥɣȴܶ߷⣬ͲȥˡǵĻֲ˼
ΣѾߣǸ˻᲻ȥ̽ɣ
С㣬С㶼ˣȥΪΣ
ǵδءǸɧģҲȥġҷԴû׼˼
΢ѾȰС㣬ŵڣ޸Ʒ١Ʒܿ԰ɡαһ̼أ
ȫˣ˵а취ղ٣δز١Ƥǳ

ȨҪҪջᣬҵܻС㣬Сзȥү
ת˼˼Ը¡
ºܿ뿪ۡ˽ȥ򡣴еĴ֣̲ţº
һͣˡ
С㣬Сǰ档
³һǽתֽǣȴվڲԶĥţ߹ȥ

һ㶣ͷһСá
Ҹղſ߹ȥôţ
үСȥǰ濴ģСȻᡣ
˼ţʣ˵үƣ
ԡ
ûơ
ؿݳһġɫӡ֣̩
ҵһμٻ㡣
С㣬㲻ߡ
㲻˵֪ܲġȥѽ
ٴһ㶣ҡͷ
ˡסЦơıӰզΣһǰȥˡ
һֻļǰʣСô֪Сơ
ݸҾ̶֪ûˡȥ顣
⣬ϽʣҪʲô
ʡ㲻֪ʲô֪סˡ

ĿˣϽĥƬ̴Ȼҽ㡣һ·ֻʧ̲õС
ʱ̲ǰ˸ˡ
ҽһɡ̩ҽ򡣡
㵣ŵһ²ҵ˵ֻͣʱ
á·
ıӰʧܾʹǴһճֵСǣˣ
ôܣЩֻŮԴף
ܾȻ
Ŀ࣬ǲЦ磬㱿ġ顣

һǳܣװȰͱٳ߰ɡ䣬ҡҷǰȥ
ܾͬУû
 

457 ж

ηԶա谵Уɰ뿿ǽϣ£üۡһҹ΢ָЩȴĪظо¶͸ɭʹ
˯䣬죬һ빫ӡ
̧ͷͿһСĹۺžȣԥαûԼɫǿʣϹô⣿
û뵽ôֲЩڣȻˣʲô˵Щģ˶ٻǼЦ˵˵ˣ㡣ôô˿ڣ˭ôף
ǣ׷Ϊʲôֻ˵лﲻġϽ߰ɡ˲á
û»ش𣬽ŲһϤƮʣãô⣿
㵼䣬æ˳ƶߣ㿴һϮѩסһãڻ谵͸͵İסû뵽ˣټʮ־΢Цһ£һʱ侹ˡ
㣬һüңûشѾſڽѵǲ¡˭㵽ģֵܺûϽȥʲô
һ²ˡСĸӰ죬ǿ߽㣬ѵԼʱͷһת߹ȥ쬵ڵʣҵҪأö˶˵ʲô

һɨܾ¼̵ط̣ǲ֪㡣˻ġү֪ˣĸѽ
ãҵֲܡͲҪˡѩֲֺ̿ġϽ߰ɡ֪ˣġһ۸ѾߣɵվΪΣϽСȥ
ԣºݺһƽ㣬ҵֲ졣ŸøϽԶ㡣
״ܾæסǣȰǱˣǴΡ
޹ءվһȥҪúýѵһһۣڵһָõıŭ㣬ҽѵΪáŮܲףͰ͵ΪΣ㻹뱻˼Ҿܻ飿
⻰һ˵ʱµʹƽڻ飬˳Ц档˿ٴαˢؾͰˣһǺһɣʾˣΪ˾ͿңҪˣֶκңһᱻܻ飿㻹˵ЦЦץһѵ㡣
ɵغһǼŭĻŭţͬһŭػؾ
ԼҺθɣ
ˣ㺦ҡ
㣬֤㵹ùΪ㱿ÿζһĴ
һ䱿һ׼ŭ£һӰʲôǹط׵ԺŴ㣬óĶһԵк˳
ԽԽףܾ̲סԵǳȥɡ
סڣͬʱݺһȻ󻥵һۣøˡ
ŽŴܾתɡؿǷ쭣ĪؾúЦֿܾʾϽȰߡ
ܾ£ָ˸ƣʾȰ
üֱȻһ£湻ġϽߡ
Ҫ֡
ôҲûӣ
ԣ
õҪæ
һʱ䣬Ůݼضƴ̣еѾ߲ȰһĻĿɿڴ
ʱŲһӰһŮŵסڣǱˡͳ
˽¸ҽϽ̡ܾ˴ΣԽԽԾæǮ˵˵쿴
ܵܣǳһС쵰ңתһͽе̶áߣ¡
ˣ¡
̶ʲô
һϽһĽøģ߹ק˵Ľ㣬һС㣬ʲô
֡ӡҲ׺һ´ڵܵܵϣȻݺ˦һʯ˹ȥ
飡
Ͻƫͷʯͷ˳ȥӭһס
ʯͷվһɨڳˣ˹ʣֵһɣµѵ㾹ҵԷ磬㻹ٰٱӣ
ӧ֣ͫ΢˶ԵͳԲӡǽóܣ빫ʲôϵ
תӧǹһ˿ϷʣϲܵܡΪˣѵүģ
үæţûĹȥġ
ϲ̽ɵģ
԰
Ŀ¶ζϻãЦЦʵϲܹɵΪʲôأ
 

458 

ʾصػش𣺡ҹҵ¡ͳȨʡҵҪһ£ҽ˵ڵĲ߲ΪδͳƫҪҧסţ
Ⱥҽ֣Ψ߷һʲóҩκڵĹֲûΪʲôɺϵҩϴɡ
ߣ֮λ޴ǣϴε߲ҽκõģһ㲻Σβáң㶼˭εúþץ˭˭Σ
ƣЦ˵öԡ͸Ρ˵ΪΣ
Ϊ벻㾹ȻĪе۸Сǰ˰벽ʣͳ˷ĵضԸǮƣ̰ͼıǡ
㿴ãȴɣͻȻһת˳
һϽ͵ؿЦȴЦӧش˵ã޸ͳɡΪô˼ء۶գذӧ
Ļһ¿һӧڲסʶش˸׷ǿЦ˵ģҲǣҵĻֲ죬ٵʲôġ
ͳǲϲòϲ㡣
⻰ӧ䳰ŮˣûʸϲҪҶ
һЦһתƵǰΪζţѵ㿴ˡ˼Ҳ㣬߳ŭ
û뵽ô˵ӧס
߽Դ㵡Ƭ̣ܾ޷ȵЦֱЦüվסֻÿǽϡ
Ц̶ӧعʱŭͷһסȭĿ¶׹⣬ȴ˿һüңͳ߳ŭˣȰŵ㣬Ҳ̩·𣿡
ٴһ˶ȭͷȴݺҧ޲һǡ
ݺݵضţǽŲ졣
ô£ܾô⣿ǸʲôأѶԶԡ
ճᣬιͥ౨ըĵΪʼٸߣΪı¶ɥĲըҩϮɱ׸ٲԿɣͬı档ҰȻˣۻʵôģְͣظȦһ˵ȱáٲѲݸ˪Ʋ¾ǿд˾ǣѲҪһȣ֤ɽ
æָӲץιͻȻűֻ̲ԶԸ
壬ܾͻش𣺡壬ϲ̽ӣЩִȻͳˣԴǼͱˣԡ
ֶһۣԶԿ˿ӧ˵ͳʲôµȥ˵ɡﲻ󰸡
Ҳ󰸵ġ˻һֶɡ
ݺݸһǣȥ
ˣԶԾʣϲǽô⣿
ˣҺ̽࣬һԲϳ˼䣬ͳ䳰ȷǸļ£̫ܵ˰ɡ
ҪҲ⡣ɡ
һãǵһԶߡʼգƺûɡĬ̾һµΪ˴ԼȸֵǡӧͻȻӲˣǡ
ﰲˣ߳˴Ρ
վסţԶԽѵֶ䣬Ȼϼҽǿһ·ͣǺߡݺݵ˽һۣתˡϽҡͷһק˵Ϊӧ㿴˵ʲô߰㡣
б˵ܵһۣת˼ȴŻ˽Ųߵ̲⣬һӭ䲻ȵ˵ϲټ
ǡ̶ظȥ壬㣬ߡתʱ⿴һܾĿˣܾɿع˸䡣̺ʧڹһӱ¿š
԰ϣʵһ꺮÷԰мžڼǶԶֻ̺ӧڽ¡˶ٽŲվͷ񣺡檸밲
תͷʵӹһ˿ֵĹ⣬ʵСǣӧ˵㵽̽ɡ˵ǽΪԴף𣿡
ûеġ²Ҫͳ
ûУϲһΪʲôҪȥ̽ӣ
бһۣ£ͳ⣬۳˵ʲôǣ檲˵
һ㶡ʵѰ˼һ£߹ŽµŮӣָһǼãЦʣ˵˵ļϣָ⻬ᱡζ
ӹһ˿ȴ˲ס̧ͷȻһЦȰ߰ɡ
˫Ŀתģʵʧһ˲شһ̫ҴҶ£̫ȥ˵ټϲ
 

459 ָ

һʵ£üʣ˭̫ǰ
ӱ¿ֶᵽϲ£̫ȥ̫æһ䡣
ĸ׵İţʵۻ˵Сǣ߰ɡ
ǸŶ߽̫üʵʣСǣӱ˵ܾ̲ȥһﷸóܣô£
̫󣬳ǡ
룬̫ڰ֡
е˶˳һƻʵۣ˵̫ֻܶ˵
Сǣʲô˼Ҳ֪
²֪

ɨһ۶ӣʶ㵽ʺǶɡ
ĸ󣡡
ȥɡ⼸նûȥ
΢٣ЩƵվؿһ˳ȥӧʵҲϳʣ£ô
١޶ϡӲС˼ȥŻرԼǣʵ۶˸ŨȤ
ɫӧŪ飬ת˵£ǵһ֮ʡüȥܾ²⣬ܾ˵Ǽ٣̫ʲ档
ҿ
ӧʱϸ˵Ȼ˵ͳץɲ޷Ϊ˴̩̽£ɳ檾Ǵݾߡ븮۲һʱ䣬̩ȷʵ߷⣬Ϊܺõ߷ĲԴвö֪ǰ檵ĲЩү߷Ĺ˾ȥ̽ӣǹɣʵүġû뵽Ҳȥˡ檲öü䡣Ƣų
ȥ̽ҲΪ˴̽
̫ҵиġڸüȥָϳ˸š֪ͳġǰͻȻȥܣܾʹŹɣ̶ȥܣȴͳ˵ȥָֹɹáһС㣬ֳķŻ飿ǰ˼룬ûΪһٵǵļ֮Ͷ˴ͳ죬һʱ˲õˡ
ⷬ˵̫˼һףʣô˿ã
檾þס߲ԴͷʮǣǿʳۣһСһүͻ¾衣߷ܷضش죬̬βܿöߡʱһζץţүй˼ɣֲֻ֪̽ʵ
Сʹ룿
̫Ӣ
Ƭ̣̫סʣȥ̩鷿
ȥ檻˲˼ܸ鷿ϧֻͣһ˾ˣǻͻȻʧһү鷿ɸɾʲôߡ檾ûܸ񣬵ûѰҡ
̫꣬һ͵ͷúð£ܵǰ;
ߵл̫
˳̫ܿԶӽ̵һȻ̩赭дؽѵӧ䣬ټι߲İ飬˵˰ûʵݣȥĲ񻰡ΰ䣬̲ɶɡ
ּ
ιˣ̫½ҶĻ£ǡ
æǷش𣺡̫۹ȻǺõģǷλСȼһҶϾǻʺ
ղײգˣϯλո֣½Ҷ
Ǯ¿ܿĸ׽˹½Ҷٿڻʺ׵ŮɣĿ¶ᳰ
粻ã̫½Ҷɺòá
״ƽЦ̫úþǺõģ
ǰ̫½ҶǸСӣûʸСġ
ԣӧһǮ¿ЦǮ˴Բӡ½Ҷͱ˵ֶŮϵܺãϲ֪ˡ
ƺûӧĳһЦʶȣҶΪҳŲ죬ѡͳղı˵Ļ£ԼȴûźˣƺЩĩáȻ󻰷һת̫󣬳檵磬ܼ޸ͳǸùޡ
⡣̫󣬶úܺʡܲ͵Цڰǻ
һ˲ӧ΢һǣʵǷǷл̩ġҪ׵ϲĵܵܡ£أ
ʵ˼žʣҶΣ
Ĭһ˲ҧߵл̫ػû顣
ݸʺתɣ㻹л
΢˿Զ½ҶӢ˲ͣüĿҲڲסķһ죬ǳЦ񣺡Ůߵл̫䡣
 

460 

˸ˡбһµܵܳĬĲҧҧס˵ҶҪСظ
㵡
ʹ˸ɫ֣㣬ͷԵġѵһ䣬תһԵЦС㣬Ҷ̫ˣƽϡ
ϲˡǳЦţ̧ͷ½Ҷǿѹס꣬ǿ˵Сظȥɡ
ɫ硣СүǲؾУҵ߰ɡ
򴽣á롣
½ҶˡĿȥӧһ˼䡣һߣǸܲ˹⣬ܲվסţ˵̫׿ϣɺܿܳġ
šȥŰɡİҪ֪ʱȥ̽˳صͷ
΢Цһ£˸㷢˵̫ðˡҸԶЩ
̫ڣûµġͷεգ۴ߴٵȥɡܺڣƺҪѩ
Ǻǡѵùˡ䣬䣬Щظ
֪ˡ
ӵסƬ̣תšͰָ¸壬ԸȥιӵһҶһͷιӰæԲ
ǡ
θʱ½ҶɽһӣӿѡϣһûһӦꡣѰ˼ΰ½ҶͻȻ˽ԼҶ
ȻתͷĿһ˫۾֪ʱѰң۲šҲתʶң壬ֵСү˭
Ҷ˭ôһ𣿡
վŮм䣬½Ҷң壬ٿɣ֪˵ʲôźá
ɫԥüһת˵Сүѣҽɣδޡ֪γƺ
δޣһһץסֱۣʣҶ㼸ʱˣż뾪̣ƺԼĶ䡣
ϲ֪ʧѹɫ½Ҷһ£ĸ׺͵ܵܣɵѣ³֣ң壬ң̫ͻ飬ҡ
ͻ飿㣬ʹӦˣ
ǡǰ
ŵص۾𽥸һˮãȦ͵һ죺Ļ쵰쵰ݺݲһţͷ
ң壡
סѾקס䣬εε˵Сү˾ˡȥǱ߰ɡ
˦֣½ҶһžҪȥ׷ң壬бһˣŵǰ˸ҶҺҡ
һ㶣ôˣ
ξʹ˸ɫЦģ˵Ǿȥ档
㡭
֡״ۣסѣѹѵһ䣬Ȼ˵λﳤʷ
һǻش𣺡ҽɣʹγƺ
ҽξҶҵֵܡû˰ɣظΣһػش
һ£ɻȻݸԭιӣʧˡ¾ȥɡȻظ
롣
źѰͻظξʣСǽѰ˵ʲôָ̫飬ôˣСѾͷʱˣ
ҡһ£½ҶƽһСᣬŵָ¸֪˵ң岻ǰ˾֪ĸȥʲŵ£ҡյشͷңԶס
ؿϲСѾͷȢ
һͷ
򢣬ξһظһɵĵϸ취ּ̫ܲû£㲻һҪȢġѾͷΪѵȥͽͣû׼ԭġ
á㣬ܡ룬ûξԼѹû׼ֻּһ䡣
ҺܴȵġвŮ
ξرʾѳͷ֮ʣι߷ҩзƽʮڲÿҵ˻ͻ
õ᰸飬ܾ図ɿؽη˵о˵ȳҹζࡣ
Ͼϸʣվṳ̂һаĴʹͻȻ׷𡣡顱ˤɷף亹ȿֺðҵȣ
գۼ䣬ʧصض֫ʼΡһϢܾ𣺡ˣ
̧ٶȸϻ˾ϵһשլԺѶķǷɿصϢƽȣ״
ɻջ֣ʣʲôˣ
úõأվͻȻܾۡѳǰȻ˵ʱ׵÷ңܻشȴôˣ
 

461 

ͷɡٰﷺңҲƽȣƺƺţеļⶼʧصȴϢˡ
סķٴƽͣԥһ£óѩϬϣ޷Ӧ˼£һûзӦ
ԽԽľܾæʣǲжˣ
鵤жҲᶾġ
ǡ
˼޽⣬ķֻ÷ԸѦȥ
Сʱ꣬Ƭ̾ʣУ˸͹ʲô𣿡
΢ܾæɰԼ̽࣬ҩյϸ˵
Щ²⣬ҩ䣬ǷίС
һܾͷˡ
ܾٴν̲ʱܲص鷿ŷɳˡ˵¤˲豭ܲɫ΢䣬һɡॣֻ豭ˤڵϣˮĽ
¡
ڰֱʾ̧ܲϸȥһᣬְԼָĿ¶ɻ
ֹ죬ŷæʣôˣ
ŷ㿴ҵʲô𣿡
˰Σûа
¤㿴
ǡ
¤Ҳûʲô쳣
ϵ빣ֵܲʲ豭ͻȻָһʹЩ˿ûˡ
¼ʱʼָʹģ
ʲŰ֮ǰúõġ
ĪǷһ龰ŷѹѹľ˵ܹܣٵһȲ衣
һܲٴֻůĲ豭Ȼ֣ɫ΢סһٴθеָʹʹӾˡϸĸоŷĪǷһĹ龰סͷľ£˵»һ£ڹϿرĶ
ҡͷûеģǹﳣĲɫ
ϸ飬ŷȱլܹܣ߳嵭ʳҪ⣬Ҳ
ŷ㣬ʲôף
вȷԴȥȥͻء
ŷҴ뿪ʱị̃½Ҷ˹գ˺һǱķǵլӡ
ܾѾηˡûȴ϶ظɵǮͨͨչˣҩˮġ
ĻķİĻ쵰ǻװҿ͵Ķ϶⡣
ҩҼֻϺõҩûζˮտģֻЩˮҷʣ俴Ʋѡ
ϸҩ龰˼Űγһֻɼϵһ˿£ϸƬ̾ùһԼȸ֮Ϣһšŵζķ£üʣŷˡ
û뵽ͻȻ˵ŷľһܲͻȻʹ˵ˣȻ˵һϲжүȥʱץס־ͱָѪҵģҲȾ˹֮
ķһ
ȴͻȻʣŷ˼֮
˶٣ҧͷ֮սǰ꣬һׯйֲƹ֮Щ˶ˣҲ֪ǲǡ
Σ
һƽһҵŷ˵궬գҵѩƳѡƤ
յִգڱ߾Ѧׯͷֲ״ȡһʱ棬ŷرҽǰȥ鿴
Ѧׯﲡʮˣͷϱ鲼İߣѪãȸĳ̾᲻ɢ֮ʮռ䣬˲ڴ̣֮ˡӴ߱ʱѪѮռ䷢ҩʯΡһУѦׯһʮ˲ΣΪ߲ɢرֻõѦׯȦֱѩɽ󣬲ȫˡٸļ¼ֲΪΡ
˵꣬ŷ̾ۿϸƵʬߣȸ֮ϢŨ񡣶ʮպмҡҡλεã˻У˾塣ܱׯۣѦׯԻɽɱŮİ׺䡣һʮʮ٣ׯӵȫ
һϲŵ˺ܵȸϢƵζԥһ£䡣
š
һᣬܾʣЩ˹Ļˡôģ
û뵽ŷһ¾ͻش𣺡Щֻǿȥˡǻպ󡭡ʬ߱ɺɫö˶ѩƳرׯճ˰׵أҽѦׯɽŸ
üʣ߲Դͷʼûв
һ£ŷͷ˽ɽһֻò֮ѩƳرңѦׯ緢ǸŮˡɷԻɽԵһֻѩ˼áϺһ¾͵˹ֲׯӡ
 

462 ӧ

ǶԴͻȻʣж󳤴̣̩˭
ڽҡͷֻķ˵ʦȥһжʱ˵ָ
빫Ӻʱȥģ
Цķǻش𣺡жһǽ鷿ʱүûظ

װûĴ㵣ķתͷʣǰʦҲ˹棿
ֲֶǶƬ̣̾ϴǿϡʬֳ֮ĲԻùǲݣ޶û˷ٽɢùǲ֭ݹȻͽηŽˮ裬˿ʱԱĤٽɢԭֻ˰˵˲Чùǲ֭þͲ˷ٽʴ֮Ч
ңΪӴ˹֮֮ҩʢڸʬ֮ʬʬùǲݰ˴˿ơϾ鵤ѹ֮ЧȻȴٽڹǣһתɵĹģο
û뵽˵ݶܾղѣ˴æʣô죿
ùǲݲǶûʬҩкùǲݵĸ֮ԣٰζ̩ͬ˹֮ôʱ䣬ǿаζһ˿̾΢ǲֻΪáùǲǹ֮Ľҩȡãǡһá
ʬںδ
ǹֲȻѦׯɢ˵ĴɽɵĵƾɸʬγƵʬΣʬΣʬùǲݡ
˱˴˿ķǾʣŷͳ컹ǵôµķλ𣿡
ǵá
ʱŷƾ仭һͼһĻ䡢Ӧ޳躼ҹϸ߾ѰҩŷžȥܲΡ
ȥɷסʮҪѨʱֹ˶ԵӡȴʱѹȴƣؽڽӲһ¶ʹ
齱ߵļֻ۾һ²ʲôʵңʲôˣ
̾˿ķǰж¸ϸ˵һ顣ĬĬ꣬ûо״ֻ˵ʱ˾С̲ΪͻȻ᰸
û뵽νܾ֮ͰǵļƻȻ˵ӧȻȥ״ʵ۾ټСǡǰ˵æͽ̫ѶټСǡδ˵̫ͻȻ߷İӣԸҪȥɶУ̫ټҶָ飬Ůӽɡ
ѹﳯеϸһ飬ɴƬ̲˵ܾ߻ҶҪңϡһ̫ע⡭ˣжּǽּǲּ
ܾü
У򴽣ͻȻʣǰøǹ𣿡
ضƵĶȴӿҡҲ²ԻɱЩ˻İ׺Ǳ䱨ΪڣʲôŮİ׺һѻŪ֪ɽʵѦׯҩ
ҩܾʡ
ǡ
ڰƬ̡
ĬϢ˵ӧƽƽϸϸȴǶǵɺϡţȴ˵ιõټһ꣬ɹʹơȻھѡʿӧڱʤ⸱ͳ졣ܾȥة൱ɹõʼĩǷһЩ΢ĩ
⻰ܾ򴽣û׷ʣͷ
ܾȥฮˣķǲʣʦܣǲǷʲô
Ƭ̣̾ȥǶΪض϶ӧΪŰΪٹȨһ̨ʱ𾪣ȴڲסȵ˷ܡͻȻ뵽û׼һʼΪ˻ġ
ķһΪ˱ã
֪ۺ¸ֱƾһ麮ӵܣʦ־ÿ𣿡
ķǻûشĿ¶˵öԡӧˡ
ɻתķ̣ǰ֪˭
ǺǣǸЩɱˡ
ʦֵͬʱһ
һմĵִġֿʯ·Ȼ÷ɵѪۣԵһ壬εƫ߱ɡƬֻڴ֮ңϡ٣ɼѣһΪרáȤǣǰѵӵζأһ֪ΪĳרŴġ
û뵽ǰѵ˼žʣǰŮԷ̨Ȥ
ҿ˸Ȥӧǻ˺
ٴδסȻͬʣǸ˵θ̫˰ɣ
ζЦЦܶǰʦλǰһĹʦʦֻΪ˽ǸҵĽؿһ֮һ仨
 

463 ٻ

㵣һ˲ķзŹ⣬׷ʵʲôôϡ棿ģ
˷ܣЦϾĺĵϾһ䡣˵úܶƲݴڹġ
Ϊʲô֪
Ŀ¶Ȼɶʱ֪ķַ˺ëʦ֣ǻϾȥȻһ£Ůкڲͬ
Ŷһ˫ĵ۾һһЦζأСǸӷˡִӹ͸ĸ߹
һɴ㵵˵һ飿
סƬ̣ķһŻش𣺡ҳһգȻɴȴԼԼ͸ŲͬѰŮӵĹĹѵ壿
͵վһϢɡ顱ȷվסȣЦʣǰʶ㣬˵ʦǲַˣ
աķüһЦŮӺϣɫ֮顣Ҳ֪ǲǳ壬ضԺաңȻӧķˣȴΪ˵ԼȢأ
Ϊ֪ͬʱС
ԡᴩǰ䲻಻Զӡ֮УһǸɣҲѲ
ķǺɼͬ˵ӧ湻ģ¶ŪùǲݡʤиϢȷʵڲǾߵˣҿϢѾҷݸȦһʱûлˡ
Ǿͺá
ܾ˵ǰǸƱǰ֤ݣǰͼڵαң֤ȷ䡣ռĽչķ˵ֻǿ£ڽⶾ֮ǰǲѱȥ鷳ˡ
š
˼һϽѾ½ҶĽɵ赭д˽㣬ְһͼһŸ
֪ǷӰģǾʣӲӰȥˣ
ǰЩ˵ȥ˺ö졣ǰջˡˣǸӦ޳һȥ
ȵ룬Ӧ޳
šЩӦ޳ѧܡ
ֹ˼䣬ǲߵܵܡصӱ𿪷Ӱţϸϸ꣬ݺҧס
Ӧ޳鵽ϸһϸŻظ۲쵽˿׶ԼĮᣬˡ
˾˹ʧ˰ģ䷢ֻѩ̿Ķ߽ݾڻʺ̺лģȴԡǺﲻ˳롣
ԭˣ
ض֪˺ͬıߡһݼ֣ݼס˵
ã
ã
ǰԭ飬֪ɵĺ£ҲģΪǿ벻ɣԸر˹ȴֻŻˡ
ǣһ˿ߣ£̾鲻Ҫҡ
ţûٳڱߡĪһ̣һŮԵʰ½Ҷת͵ͼͼ»ģصע˼ͼܲˡ
͸˵Ĳ԰׸Уǲɵʣ£ɫôôѿˣ
ûû¡ǿЦЦ£һ²˵˵أӧ̫ݶˡ
ɫ˵ķߺޣο˵̶˵ֻˣ˵ǣĴտµġ²õġ
û뵽Ͻ̶ԽѣܲһŸòøʵ飬ͼʣ¼ǵðٻʲôԷ𣿡
һ㶣ܲþ˵Ҽǵ͵áһֱǿյġ
ü
˼ܲ˵Сǣĵοٴ
ȵü⣺Ժ
ԡһжĸ׵ľɶһ˵Ҿ̬Ȳα빬͢ضϤĵΡѰȥ̫ҽԺʡ
˼ţҡͷȰ£ҷʵۿ϶㡣ȥ̫ҽԺע⵽ȥɡ
ɡ
ݸ֤£ֻѰڼһ̫ҽԺġǷǺôԾ֪ˡ
Ц̲ܲסһСɵıӣáˡϽ˪ߣȻڳŻҪעⰲȫ
š
ӱĵϨˡ֪ܲӱӱķ˵Ǽ޻Թ
ǰְ̾һȰҹˣЪϢɡ
֣˵̲óܣǲǹģ
 

464 

ؿֻش𣺡ū澲ס
һʧ𡣴գԼˡ漴ˡܴ֮ܵ߷ҩȻǵĲͺˡûգܵ˽̲˴򣬽ǽɵηⳳܡȻݣɾͷųˡһж͸ɺϡֵǣүǶƺʲô֪
ΣԽĥԽǾù֣Ҳ˯أԿ˼
һҹδߣδʱǴȥʱһҩݣ붬ҩʽǻ
ŻƲҵæóһӡһ俴˿һüңӶô̫࣬ɢˡЩǲǷ˺üģ
ˡЩǽĩɹɵġϾҪˣʱûĽǻ
Ҿôġ
ֻýͣһĹĵشˡ漴ȥҩݣԲ⡣
һ˵ش߰˸ʽǻûɡһ·̧ͷһСҩݣפ߽ȥ
ƣΪʲôûĽǻ
ɻؿƴˣǻժɹʱ仨ģӰݲҩ
Ժ˵ҪĲźá
Ȳѣ˼ž˵Դ
һ̺˶¥һλʮķһõʣ֪ļŮ죿ҷʱ˵ǻõĲҩ
΢΢һЦ˺á̩ǡǰү˵Ժ˸ݲ谲ߵķӣ˵Ļá
ٴӡͬҽҩңȻҽͨҩҴҩݾڴ
벻ͨɷΪλֺܴ᷸ĴǾòҲģ˵ϲģҩС»Եȣմӹɡ
ûһᣬٴˡ
ǵһʣϲҪǻ֪үô˵ģ
ʾȥţǲ˵Ժүȹ˵ͽǻĿڶ࣬òԽǻڲܼԺ뺣
˼һ£ͷʣ֪үкηԸ
үò֪ٻкιԷ
һ㶣ٴž˵ٻ͵ãǸտյĴãΪٽҶϪŰʣ
ͼбעǲ͵ãûб𣿡
֪Ϊʲôٴþ˵͵鿡ϯϲҶȻһסʢ֮ʱҹҹϸ衣
ϯݣ
ͷ΢ڽĹԷ˽ǻݲҩģȥ
ڽ϶ʱءûߵξ֪Ӻδð˳
Сǽ㡣
˳ݸôˣ
м¡ҵȥ鷿ƽȥ¡˵Ǯ¿ѡ꣬𿥵ֶŮã´ͻ顣
㵣һʱ
ҲҸ߻ҶΪȥǮ¿鷳ֻ˰ѱУɵĸǻʺ֧㣬ճ߶ڣϵԭŮ޸Ǯ¿Ǯ¿Ҳĵϵ͸ĸ׳Ҷ֪ɵʲôôӦˡ
סƬ̾˵ȥ𸮼ң塭ҶǲѲŴʻ£ȢɡˣҪվ͵óסֻ߽ԸΥǮ¿Ҳ²˹ƻҶ£ҪȢңġ벻ǲҪˡңٽ¸֪ס𽫾رֻҪδ繫ǰ򵥡

û׽ã賤ףŮ֮УƽĵλˣĶӭȢ󽫾ŮȾָȨɡֻҪץסһ㣬ʵ۱ǡ
ؿǣξһĴָȥ
ȵȡ߻ҶܻرɡѰʱȥȻ˵ԼûǮʱǮ¿¸ȻǸȦףҪǮ¿¡
̵˼䣬ξһˡ
ߣսž͵֪ܲԼ鷿ǰ
£ʲôˣ
ʲ¡˵ʵְּܾͳΪѳְˣɳ׸¡
û뵽ܾͻȻǳԾСæʣѳְ׸֮ʣΪة಻֧Լѧأ
ܾȥ̽࣬ܲҿةҲʱơɳӧ⶯ܾϡڳӧټġ
 

465 һϷ

ץŲ豭Ƭ̣ܲ˵У̫ټңңǲ뻴Ҷã
Ħӧľٶٴγһüʣôش𣿡
˵ֻ֪ʶΣ֪ʱʺʺ˵һңͻȻȥһҶɵʻҶΪζףֻʶҺã˵Ҷ£ûиңȥҾûʺֻǰô˵ʵѾ̫ǰ״ˡ
ҧסƬ̣ǵ˵նƽǰǮ¿ף´ͻ飬ҪȢң塣δȥɺϵ
£üܲʣûʵۻ׿𣿡
˵Ҫ𽫾ˡƬ̣˵£Ҳ²ӧƻǮ¿Ȣң塣ľƣʵ۵ԽԽˣǱץʱ䣬ٿ䡣

ץסָͻȻ˵¿ɸһϷ
ܲһ㶡
Ȼ֮ں󹬣²룬һ˹Ѱһɿİ֡һգ̸Ҷӧ֮ʱά£Ĵ㣬ʧΪõѡĪ⣬һԲ֪
ȵؿҶˣ
ͷ
ĥһ£Ѫ¸Ǿ˵ȷʵЩͬã˵ô
ʵҲ򵥣ֻһ֣øŮ˶ץңҪװ
Ǹ̩ıߣһξ𸮡ĻңҧβЩʣСǽ˵ģ
šҿóҶϲɡǮ¿Ǹ쵰˳ۣټҲ֪ģƽһֱǺ½үȢ
һᣬңͷ֪ˡ
ʲô֪ˣ
Ҳ֡

ذɣ߻Ҷ
û뵽ֲ׷ʣξЩ벻ͨĥһȷϵĲ
ҡͷ
ˡȥٸǸŮϣڮ㡣
ξȥ½ҶˣңɷסȭվƬֱ̱жԺԺУ
磡
סתͷƲʣޱˣ۾øƵġʲôˣ
òңԶоŷƣĳӣң졣
һģңŵŵ߹һץסֱۣޡߴ㵣漴˦ãߵһѵ⣺ʲôޣʲôãˡ˵˵㵽ôˣ
ءأղξ˵ٿһᣬָ粻һףңƵᣬξĻһ顣
磬˵ô죿һʵ۷ˣͻô죿
˵һ顣
һһ顣
ðΣңؿЦЦһ˵áͻ顣϶ּΥ
㣬ι㻹ǲҸ磿
Ȼǡģ϶޸ġο䣬˵㲻Ҫȥ½ҶʵڸҪκˡµ£šȥϴԺǰٿޣǵϷС棬Ϊҿ

ϰȰߣңԳ˼ŶԲߡ˼䣬һʿ߽
ӣԸ¶ˣ⡣
ǵϢд߷ҵ׮׮֮ǣ£ǡܾܲ½Ҷξˣ꣬ʣܾɴĬ
Ϊǵġ
ӧǵĶͷ
ȷʵжƽǽܱضվһϹȴ̬ɫȴӧͨϵƷøϢ֮𴫵ϢһǺδһࡣǰҴְͣӧȴڽվټһ˲˸µĿȱը´󹦵ֻܾ˸ͳĲ¡ΪɳӧͶܾ׼Ѱ
ߵʯƬ̣ңʣ˵ǽ֮󣿡
ԡ
߷⣬֪źδ𣿡
һլǡ
һ£Ҫ
ʿ˳ңһᣬЦ鷿ȥ塣
ʱị̃һµңլ԰ͤϣɿĲ̬ͷȴšûỨ԰ްڣߵǰһᣬͻȻʣжˣ
էôʣһ㶣˶ٲʣ»ۣô֪˶
ʣٽɢ԰ɣ
΢΢ûشȴʣ֪ҵһλ
ң졣
ü𽫾һӣһսһգѼݡû뵽Ӿ˾ǣʧˡ
ͦ˵ġùάҲһס
 

466 ҹ

Ȼתתʣҽˡ֪ӽҹˣкָ̣
ԣٴһᣬͻȻʣһ侩Ҫʵ۵ϵķϣйأ
򴽣ͷ
ͦеӵġ̩Ļţ
ǡ
Գ׾ӽݣĸ׾졣һ麮ӵܣӺδõ˵ʲƣ˵ֺĿɽأ
Ҿôг񣬲һ£
ĻǶԸĶ궫ӵϵ񣬾ͳ˵ܾ˵ʦ֧㣬̲ʷ̨ѾõĳɵĳȨɱȨأ˾ӥϽʵھʮĳںδĴݸм֧㣿
ĿעƬ̣΢΢һЦ򣬼϶ʮӾĳ빻𣿡
ƾʲô㣿
ƾͼҲһ£飬Ҳ˰Ѱ֮ս⵹뵣ϷͰ͸¶塣ڣ֪𼰹ҵĶУϲ̣̽飬Ȼ౨Ȼŭ״֮ϧȻʶ겻񣬶ͣβ󲻵ɽ𶯣Ȼûѣǻͼ֮˭֪йܣ̫·ˣաӮˣţͼҲڡ
ûϣ˵Ҷܴʱ顣ʱǨƾһ֤֮еǿ
ʿǰԡѪƴɱȴ˳֪ܵǺθܣν࣬ǹϢ飬һλ᲻ֵǼأ
ңû
ʱ˿ֻ̣ҪȰ˵Ϲ̩ۡڻҶϣ΢ʵġ
üʣξߣǮ¿ȢáΣ
Ǯ¿ӵܣʲϽŷǡ
һңİЦЦ˺һ˵ã仰ϲ㡣ܿ򶾣Եж硣һֻƿȥ
Ŀʧɷ̧֡ûץסƿӣһֻ˺ƿʩʩȻ£ķǴƿţһ̱еޡţ̫šѪʲôѪôšŵڱǰ񓁡
ƿĴ̱Щ³ֻǿסеʦ֣ϸӡ㿴ðɣֶ̧ѡ
žظϸӣķǿšһˡ
һʱķָѦ˰̧ݣڵտķˮﵹʣķǵݹһֻ룬Ѫһţɬζ˱ǡ
ԡ˱֤ܶ
Чɹ˲ŲˣסѪһ¡һ̣ڵȫ̶ջǵľʹܣķקסһָأȥ
̡̫
ȥ
ͨɺ޷ķء̵ļιȥûܾѦѾͷذһͰͰ̵ˮͷϽ
̵ͷתûɻȻһ䡣̹ǵգۼ֫ٺҪɱ飬Һýķˮ嵭溮尾˴ʱ溮ɢȥסоһԼһ´Ծһ֫ϲ
һʱǰʹһ¶ѣ˿ȴչ
ûϲѯʣķǶһƤãһˮ˵˶ȫۼѹ·֮ǰⲻ˶书ȫϣһûˡ
Ȼͷ·һ·Ƥ΢죬״ʣʦ֣ʲô
áң첻֪Ӻδõһֻߵġ֣ͨ綾ģܻ򶾲ѹơûж˳ˣɡ
ģΪô䣿
溮֮زܽɱ䡣ĸõѪŰסˮûжɱȻ˵ǰ˵ĸѪ㣬£ÿĸҧһΪģѪкô
δ䣬һĺӯɵĶǡбһ£̯̯ԣķ˵ŷϢܾվְͳξ׸˾Ǯ¿ǰӭȢң壬²ⶼӧйء
һϾˣʣչΣ
µ֤޴ӵݸĹܼҡ¡йëֵҲ֤ʵж˪ѣѲϽҪ޷գͻᡣ
 

467 ۻʼ

ѰӵĽչ꣬ķǲ䣺˪ߣк֡У޳һЩ£϶Ȥġߡ
ķǴС߽鷿ɰԼۻĸɫϢ꣬˼ž˵ңĻҿֻΪ˴̼Ҷɣͼŭ̫ġң쿴ţǲָԤֻﵹæȻܾлñ߹ģ̼һ»ʵ۵ľġ
šְܾδǻ£
ãû׼Ǻ¡ڳҲ²Ϊ˴̽ʵ߷⣬ӧȴŹҡ⣬϶֪㡭ȥĻ󣬴˿ˡ
룬ķʣǻߣǰ飿
³˼ã̧ͷ˵ʦ֣硭Ϊ
üһᣬһ˺ˡ
ƶ󣬱й¶ضӧйϵѾ֮û֤ݣЩ˲֤𣿡
֤á
ɺܿһ⣬Ը図͸ܾķҲѦ˼䡣
ҹ˾
ӰլǱ롣
һ̺һӰǱƽ˲Զ£˵ӥˣӺرһϨ˵ƣ˰أһеƣҲ˰ء֪һ̽飿
Σ
ʮֳĹѲһΡ
һ£ӥһ֣ߡ
ǱլԺ
һҹȥˡ
ɢʱ֣𿥷ٽ鷿ְܾӧʵۡܿ죬ƽŶˡ
䣬ƽù˵ǼҽһףΣ
ɻؿǮ¿𿥻ش𣺡£СŮʮꡣ
΢ʵ۾˵㲻иֶŮң˵ʮ꣬ˡ
Ȼ𿥷ɿҡͷ£ĸƢ꣬С;ԳССŮ£Խ޴ҡ
û뵽ô˵һЩЦԾмֹҲסƽ˱סʣ˵û
̯̯֣ûԸ꣬ͺɱǮҪȢȰѸѾһ£üլ
û뵽ô뺷˵½ҶϵܺãѲ½ҶǰҲôף
ɨһӧ𿥵Ǯ˵书ͳ컹ֶŮͲˡɿǮ˴򲻹ȻӮֻܰ򣬳ĸŮġ½Ҷ֪ǵĹϵֻ֪ξһ١
ܾ˵ǵŹƺᶼͳȥܵġ
ܾװû
ǻڱ˳˼һ£ʵ۾˵ùã»Ҫùʹף׿ϣٴͻ顣
£ݾ뾩ңԶһһȥϵþЩ
⻰ܾͻȻ˵ҪȢСޣ檣
ﲻݣڵ޲ĿرŮʹҲҪʾ裬οǮ¿ֻǻգ
ʵ񣬶ƽعζʱŭܾʲôҶС㣬ȻҪȢ˵ġ
ˣҳݵĹأҴӶ׵Ƹ鶨ڣӭȢһ¡٣ҸҪ棬ºܶ࣬ҲӭȢ𽫾˿鷿Ҳ꿪ˡԣα·;ңԶأ˵ˣ׶ʮӽǽ˧֮ţ˺պ书ֵùʾ֮Գ𣿡
ƽһ
ӧü
ʵ
ƺû
ٴ䳡Ƭ̣ʵ۰ڰ˵ɡùüȻĽ׾˼Ҿ
˶٣ǡ
˸ˣʵͻȻסܾղŵĻʲô˼
ƺԾ̧ͷƽػش𣺡ֻ˵ʵң壬һ赶ŪǹǮ¿ӣͷƵķпͣӣ˵ϲң壬ǻѻе󽫾ıȨοиǱ顣ףǮ¿ҪھǨͲҪĸµĶˡ
⻰ӧԵ˭ģ
ͳˡ£˭óǮ¿̡ϾǹǮ¿Ȣ󽫾Ůǵۻʼ£⳼Ȩ๡
һ仰µӧԶԣʵȴ΢΢ü˼ڼ£
ûȤʵڻش𣺡ȥ
£˵лҪ
Ҫ񣿡ɻ룬ðɡ
ܿȵ˽һɨڲӧܾ£檵֪һŵ¡˶ӡ
 

468 

ԣܾһˡ
ˣһ뿴
öεĻռϸΣʵüʣǺ
£Խһׯ԰ǡԶĻռǡ

檵һֱݽĶãȻк˷ˣɾݸ߶Ͻ˪ӽݵģݽ죬빬У볼檱һǰ檾ݸȦæ౨¡
öռǿ˺һᣬʵףĺܺáȻȥЩȥ㡣
ݸ檸ˡ
˳ʵ۳ãּټ
ռ䣬ȦιǸԵģֻܼҡַ㡢£ݸһûʡµ֤ݣЭ˰Զץס©ǵϣɢɢĿڹ֤֤Ȼ뱸
֪˺֣ŭӣ޵ҧгݡ˿̣ްתȦĵʱ䣬һ˽
ݽټ
ϲ͵վЩ˸
鷿⣬ڽѺ߽鷿ӧתһƳܾʵЦʣܾպδ˲ĽչȴټΪʲôأ
֪
벻ȥһ£
۶̧롣
ӧתͷʣ˵ȥˣ˺𣿡
û֪ûá
һ㡱ģӧȻ˼һԼ鷿ˣܾͻȻֵ磬˿̾뻻໹磬ֻðס˼
ڣ˪ķַ֣̽ϸ˵
öռǣʵޱʣô˵ȷʵͶžɹ͵Ŀб˽ң¶˪ɱëţɱë֣ƶϾ󻼣ַըҩը׸Ĺٲ׼Ĩȥһ޶֤ʧ¡ʧ𣬶ɵĺ°ɣ
û£
⣬ʵ˵㲻Ϊƾôһöռǣһ֮ʾϴɣЩ꣬޸غٳ裬أˣ޲̫ˣЩ͸֡
£֪ˡ
ӧ
ڡ
Ѻȥ̲Σߺι
ǡ
£
һƳʵ۵ɫӧʾҡ
Ѻˣܾûиȥ̲ڵվ鷿⡣ʱịܾ̃ࡣ뿪ʹö֮ฮٴӽŹճԸֺš
֮ܽ
ڽվ˲̣ɸǻˡ
վñֱܾȵشһ˵õͦ졣ǰҽǸ
ʵǵ˼ҵĶݡٸ㡣˵м£ôˣ
ɢʵټ£Ұ˵£ʵɫ΢䣬˲ɡͻȻͣһ̾ˣʵ۶ԴһټӧƻҸȥҾûȥ֪˵ʲôҲ²ʵټ˵йϵ
˼ţɵͷ֪ˡˣ𣿡óһֽֽϻһͼ
һܾȻʣģ
ӧҹ̽ɱ׽һҹûջʦһ֮°ȫɱˡһնֱϾͳһ࣬һĹʧˡ
ӧȻҼüΡϸ룬ĳݵı־ܾԼοĴ˵ʦǰһɹʹҽҲһȡ
ӧһݣɵͷ
һȴСʱةκظˡϤܾ鷿ȥ
ܾĸةκͬѣʱκ£ѧ׹ѧҵһֱκԽ̵ΪʦͬӡʮκĶŮ̳޻Ϊ٣㾭ǰʺ򣬽κͬԼĸۡһ⡣
鷿κ˼ʲô
ʦ
ͷκЦЦʣǰֵΣ
Ʋ죬ӧʣ
ļ磬κʾ²˵ȥ̲Σ̫ǰ񣬻ʵ۲Ǵˣӧ˵Ҳµóοӧɲ˳ۣôһ֣ܲ𣿡
̾һ£˵˵ֵӦîһŲ͡ӧץᣬһ㰭ֻۣԻʵ۰ߵġĵϵͷûջ񣬾ֻԼ¡𣿡
 

469 ѩ

ͷܾ֤ʦģѧ϶ŸŸɡ
šΪʲôͻȻɹ
δǣܾͻȻö࣬һóֽʣʦͼ
ϸһᣬκЩȵؿԼѧ˵ĻռǡӺδģ
ʲô
ѩչոǿηȻѩչĳﲻ¼ȴõĸԴλȻÿһ϶ҩƻͼҩ֭ͿĨŻΡвѩչˣдӸĸʿΣΪʦҲ֪
ľѣܾ߶˼䡰סʣɹѩչڹʦǵĹϵΣ
ɹĹϵһֱܺá߾ϷֲŴƬѵĿһֱɹɶ죬÷ָѩչһ롣˵ʮǰɹڱһҿսսܣѩչǴӮռݵسǳɹҲָһ롣֮ҿʼѩչ̫ɹĴ󳤹ɹʵȢѩչΪʺ󣬹ϵ͸ˡ
ӧܾµЩʣʦɹʹʲôģ
ҡͷ꣬ɹľүû±ԳʹΪྩ档ȻʲǿսĿʵԸ̫ӽӴգλүµʿ̫д裬̫ӵӲҰܡȻѵ̫ӲӦս̫˵ھѡ֮ݣȴýͳ졢λ֣ó˵˵־Ȼʲɡдȣӧͷպӧսɹʿʤʮ˹ȻʰţߪΪͳ졣
Ƕ£κɻ˵ʱΪʦ񣬸дɹʹšΪʦǾΪܵģֻǽڡ
սܺλүбʾ𣿡
ûСЦһֻƱʾףء
Ŀ΢ܾ˵ʦѧɹǸүǺӧͨ˫ɵġһ£ǳеôĲӧ𣿡
κһ㶡
˸ȥƬ̺ܾٴν鷿˸԰Ѵ˵һ飬κԾѣòʣǾӧйϵ
ʦӧǺ֮ˣ
ӧڽԷǣǸСǡʤ˾չص˵ҹɡ֮ѩչǳòܶ࣬ǻЩɫԵɫ԰һЩӧ̫񡣡
ûһ磬
ܾ˿û֤֤óȻҴݣֻʵ䷴
⻰ɲɵʲôæʣة࣬ӧ볯֮ǰҹѩչǲʹ
ŶȻʼλ֮ǰ꣬ѩչǲʹǰʹλʮ꣬üĿ㣬˳գŻڳй䣬ͻȻ빬棬ʱȻʻ̫ӣʹ԰̻˰ա̸䣬ĻἰԼʱΪʦְȻʽӴɺϵ
Ǹλܸߣ
䲻Ҳ²ѩչʦ¡ѩչһֱйʦĴͳʦλ磬ǻʵصˡ
ʱ䣬ӧԷ̨ĿȣͷδڶԣһŸǡһ뿪ฮܾƹսӰפء
ţһһ¾˵ҿƾǣεԼǸֱҲУԾˡҲ²ΪԼò
ԣܾʣǰ֪ʲôԻãԼײǽ𣿡ţͯߵ˵״ϸ
꣬Ŀ¶ȣ˼Ƭ̲˵ȷʵǹƳ档ָ㡣ûнͣ˵ɱǵˣӧݵġЩӸЩΪá
ȥ˾һɡͬһʱ̣ιӧתּ⣬ʣݽڱ¸ǰˣ
ȷʵ˵ҪϢ
ּ
δ࣬ǡӧ۶գˡ
ĿıӰι˼̲ζȥŴһᴹͷɥʣݽȻǰ˴ЭҲʵ

۽ϲ㸮˶Ѿйַ㡣֤֤֤ɽǸӵİ߰Ӽһ׷嶼ġȰݽʵʵ˵һ档
̧ͷʣδƺָ
ֻ㲻Ҫ¶Ÿɡģڻչˡ
ӣĪӧƽ硭˼ţ˵ȷʵһʱϣǣǶžɹƻңǡëҵð
 

470 Ѿ߷

ţԼУѽƸȥĶžɡëá˺ңܲϻⷿʧ¡ʧԼйϵУǸˣɴҧ֪һƲ塣
˿ڹι˼Ż˸áЭ˰ԶԼ״ʣΪҪƺҪͨڣ
ҪŹ˶٣ι˵Ҳ²»סˡ
Ϊô˵
ҾǾáӧıֵֹġ֪˭ȥǰ˵ʲôܾյֵ֪𣿡
Ŷ
ʱܾѽǰļϸ˵һ顣
ðΣι˵ͻȻݣͷ٣˵¼Ϊ˵ʲôټ֤ѡ˵ĳ벻Ըƽµ֮ŭס˵ˡ
һ°飬ι֧Զȥż˪ˣܾ̩һҪƲɵĹϵַй˪ӽݴһö¾ɵĻռǡ֪ʲôȴȥ永ＮںδҼǵɾͳݡöռǱض永йأݾĺ֡ϲ뽭ڹϵǳϼҶȴݼһһҧЩ¾˵ˡֻҪ̩û£ʵʱ׷
ϸ˼Ƭ̣ܾһͷлѡ
ϻҪ̩ԶЩУ֪ʲô֪һ˵ϻ
š
ܾҴˣϺ¼ĥŴ˿̵ĳ֡ι̷ºʮΪÿƣõϡ
ܾܿӽƽ
鷿ܲĻ˼ò˵δһ⣬Ҳ²ָֻһ֮ʡҸĵǣӧֻץסԸѾжһϡ
ǰһöռǣ永йϵѵԶĻռǣһܾĶͷ
ܲ˵ȻĿתɡ
վñֱܲȵվʣɣûˣ
ʱѹסֻǿû£һͻġ

߹˿ܾʣ֪˰ɣϢʵȥ˻ǶҿʵѾ˵ǡǿġ
ͬʱһعܾæ˵áδ˽¸ңַй˪ͻϮݵһׯ԰һöռǡݸ鷿ʱѷٻ٣ʲôռǣҲ²ȥľǸ
ãɰԼˡٲ£ˡݴլһֱ鿾סʱԶ죬һöԶĻռǺ档Լס꣬˼ڸϣҲͺЩϸڡ
Ƭ̣˵£ܾµòǰ˪Ϯڽݵפأ֮һϤʲô֤ңն׷ЩֻҪһ֮ʡµֻܼвˡʲôʣһҪڳĮģƲԼֻһҪά
˭
Сǡ
һܲԾü룬ٴæ¸ǣȻ˵ԺҲ̫ûʵġ
ΪӽԵɲЦЦԺܰæԵ޺
ĥһ£˵ԺĻûСΪ̫£Ǻ岻ס㣬̫ôãôĵصϢϴȥ֣̫׿Ͻ᰸ضõµʵ¡ѽΪж˻һԵġڻʵǰʵ۾ͻ̽㣬Եµ̬ΪҪ
˼ţܲͷ
û֣¤ߵš
ôˣ
£ϲѾͻȻ񣬲ʯͷɱҧϲΪִˡҪҪȥ
㵣ûܲѯ飬ܾѾ߷裿
ͻȻֽƺǡ
ʶͯߣܾæ˵ȥɡҲȥ
ȥ̫ãŷͳаɡסҡͷ
ǾѾ߷͸ŹŹ֡һǰأн㲻ʳ֡
ͬʱһ㶣ܲͷɣ⡣ܾߡ
԰ˮȱϣܷܷòɿ
㣬ǲˣǹҧ㡣㷸Ŵ𣿡
ǣ㿴ҵ֡ҧһ˭֪Ƿǹ⣿ˣҴ
 

471 

ȴҲ뺷Сһ棬Ѿǰȵվס·ϣ
̣ܷܷǲɵͣ٣ԥŲ֪òóȥ
һǵܷܷŭͷһؽеĴʲôϣ
ȥҿ˭ң
֣Ų죬¤ǰ棬ţ򣬱򡣵ˡ
Ůͬʱһ㶣һͷһݺݵһǣܷܷߵܲǰס£檵ֱҧˡʹֿ󴦣һȦݺɼѪɫ
û뵽ıҧˣܲޱȡʱƼܾлһ˿⣬̶һ⣬˼ž߹˵£㲻ǹҧģˡ㿴
˳ָȥ⣬һɽʯ£ͷŶ䣬һشӡº役߽Сȴš
״ܲٴγһæʣʲôˣ
ӳСʱͳײ㣬㲻׾Ҫ㣬檲ġ
˵ҺúõɢͻȻܳʯͷһ֮·ԸѾץס½ѵҧҡȴߵڰס£ҪֹܷܷǺ죬ץסܲ䲻ĵŽ
ܷܷ֣ܾԵ£״ƺԣȥ
š
߹ܾһǲŶ۲㣬һ㣡
㶵ûӦֱֻ̧ۣ
˫۾˿ܾ۽ƺãȻ޴룬ˡ
ܾٽ͵һʯͷ󾪣Һܾæƫͷৣʯͷ˳ȥۿҪǣ鼱֮£Ծܾæסһ˳ֶһʯӡ
顣
ʯͷʯҵƫˣһܷܷͷϡҽһܷܷ۵һˣһײڷϣžʧصˤȥһֱ˻ôסǡڴʱٴηѾڵش𣬼ܲ㵸
û뵽ͻȻôֲܲһͣٵ˲䣬ͻȻܾߵ˵үˮȻһˣƺҪס㡣عܾתʹ󺰣үСġ
ܽһӳ嵽ܲȴվסŵһ͵ײܲϡ
ʶأܲæַδվȣܾѾȻָһһ˲ܲʧأ£һӰڷϣȻͨԽˮͬʱܾ֮յץסǵֱۣʹ˸ɾһ˵ԡ
ϾעǵС¤Ѿʧ󺰣£
ˣ
ĺ˺ܱıתͷһܲˮٿ¤æңܾ֮໹ˮȡ
æ˶̣ܲžܷܷѶɿָǰˡĿ˻ܲԶȥתͷͷ㲻ˣԸ£ȥ㣬ע̼壬ȥҸ󡣡
ǰԺ
ҸҽѾɱ鿴ܲûˣæԸִҴȥܾ̽ްŸܷܷʱŮ֪үˮ޲Ѿ߸̽ڣҸ֡
ȺҺ壬ǹ˸ϻȣСܾ¤·ڻߡ
ת֧ʹ̵̫ȥůҩǷ񰾺ãʾȥţԼ߹ʣû°ɣ
ҡͷ
ͳһֻСֽѹ˵һˣ˵¤Žүůҩܿзյ֢״
㵣ɵʣСǣҪʲôΪιˮŮ˿϶ץڮġ
꣡һЦһϷڲ㡣ģҩǾģκˡ
һ⣬ܾȺЦֻýӹ
˵ȥˣӧף˵ۡ
š
ˣ˻ˡ
ȥתȣܾˡվӺԴƬ̣ͼ¤߽Цһ£Ҹ󷵻ءƹһսǣض㡣ǰԶһȵӰƿһš
˭
ȥ鷿ʲô
ʱ򡭡үڣ¤æţҸû˰أ
üʾŲȻǰȥ
鷿ڣӣ˼ŷʲô£ͻȻ졣üȻһڼӺ⿴
Ų죬ĺİ⣬Ƴһǻȹա
 

472 ̽鷿

û뵽Ůӣһ㶣ʶǡЩתƳɴ󾪣æһȻȥһܣԵ㡣
鷿صĵطȣ߾̫򿪰šĴţ˿̴Ҳᷢ졣ȴɲܶ䣬ҲϷ
ŶԲߣŮԷһᣬתĹ˱ѣ˵ܺ档
Կֿ˼ǽڣƵʧ˼ͻȻƳһĨڣҧҧ
￴ԽԽɰԽпࡣŷͻȻһ졣һŮӶ˶ٽŲߡƹ磬ͼһŮ߽㾪ȵʣ⣿
֮ء
û뵽ˣĿ΢תͷʣ㲻ȥҸչү
Σǵү˵鷿Ӹ棬ҾѰáȻתȥɫزӣһװС
ʰӣز߹ֿʵ㾭鷿
ֻΡѵ鷿
ߣүǳء鷿ýġ
ȵת΢΢һЦÿү׿ϲŽġű֮⡣

պӣߣ˼ȴֹʣ㲻ȥүǰһڣ
عһǣ˵ʲôڣҷҾλΪ㣿ϹûҪ֪˶˼ܼ޸үɲҲֻ檡
üһ༥νĸƾӹûжӣλΣ
㡭
һ仰ضµƿԡɷ쭣ͻһ졣ŮһͬʱŤͷһĻ谵ɻ߹ȥ鿴ͻȻһ
һһէŵô˸ݺݵػͷһۣϹʲô
ղиںڵ᲻󣿡һŵܹһץסص䣬ǽʣ𣿸ղжܹȥ
˦У
ÿ¡һǸϽܹ׽󡣡أ߳ȥУˣ
һ̺¤ŵ鷿Ů˸˼ظں档
ƹܣ¤һ۴һĺ󴰣߹ȥѴӴһ룬߶ţˡ½ƣ鷿ʱҪͨ硣
ۼһƵߵǰ⿴˿Ȼһۣãү鷿ô󣿺˵˵
ˡĺġ
¤û鷿飬ڽһȥ
Ŀˣ˿תۿ˿˵ܹܣүڲڣ鷿Ŷùغãܽ
İʾ¤üͷ
鷿ٴΰˡɴӰ߳ʲŮʱ֧򿪰šűպʱϸ΢쾪ǡ
Ƴ磬ܿǰϸңϰŵĶǻĹģ档ߵǰһ𡣻صľٶĿ¶ٴ졣΢ϸһһƻ
ܿ죬ϸĽŲһУɣ
һ̶һϲתȴﵽܺ档
ȥǡûشƵĹ˲ߵǰһã룬ֻʧߡ
˼һ֨һٿȻתͷһ˫ֱ۱ס⡣
˿һЩգݵؾȭ²ŵŭŻҡǲҵȻѧС
Ц˵ѧèС
ˣЦһŰһۣ׼ѧèС
áѧЩЩ𣿡
ʣǶʱ£̧ͷḧĲʣ̶˵㱻úˣ˺𣿡
ץס֣˵öˡǰ˵ҪÿճԲƷһҪԡ
Ϊ˴Լðն벻ˣǰԹ˵ƷܹģûǮԡ
ð̸
ʣ
˵˸㷢ɲʣҶͼ͸𣿡
ͼǾ˵еġ֣ٻϯסģѾˡ
ϯݵס
šԺң͵ãҶϪ鿣ǧ¥ֻסˣϯҲȻйϵ
û뵽ٻָһˣɻѡ
 

473 

ӵһ˼ͻȻתͷһŵ𡣲Ӧ˽ɣ
˿߳ȥʲôˣ
ܾǽҩ۸¤·ɻ鷿Ҳڣü˵үˮֺġСǣҾԶвԾŷ
ǳһԶ
ȴ£üʣôˣ
ƺͻȻˣֽҧˣʯͷĴҡǸپĵͯҲǷħġ
յʣмֵı飬ͷ˼ͺܾӰȥ׼ȥ޽ⶾİ취
ŰŹرգǹһ죬ûɵߡ鷿ǰվһʰȥѰ¤ȥӱ״
̣ȥѯʵڼɱء
ϲְӱѾӶɳȥˡҲûȥ
ķģ¤ͷ㤣һףæ˵ҡ
ǡ
̫ȥѰң¤˵ϲõġȻڸͿ϶ҵõ
ģܾĻЩ˿޽⣬ֻѹµǣǿͷʱǰһ̧ͷһͼܷܷͷϰŰײһ̵رѾ߲߽ݺݸһǣʣܹܣүЩ𣿡
ˣչˡ
ڣһɨŮ죬ܷܷȦһҪȥү
¤ֻ˵롣
ܷܷȥƬ̣߳˵ϲȥλ˶ɡ
֪ܷܷ״ģǰȻתҸ
ڣܲӵÿŷɫԲ԰סŮǶ֪˶ǶΪ鵤ҩʱѹƣˡŻѪӶ鵤Ч˿̣ЩͷΣܷܷ޿ģһϽ˵ġϷǴ
Ůνؾʣãѵˮģ
ǴܷܷѾָеҵѾۿײ˵£²ˮġ
ȷѣŮ˸ô£
ϲô̫ˡ
ǡиʧǺã
ַԼǵش𣺡ȷʵСײ˵£Ҳǹġ
˭֪ǲǹģ㿴㣬赭дֻһС¡ʲô̬ȣܷܷˣָء
鷿Լ䳰ȷĿһڵʣǣѾҧܷܷǲʵ
ǰֻǲˡ
˵ǸѾ߾Ǳָʹġҧңʯͷ㿴ҵĶͷǸѾ߻¡ҿָʹı£õϳ͡
㲡ˣΪпԭαزģ
ǣ˵ʲôһԣ
Ҳûôɵء
ʲô˼̬÷ܷܷһҪס˴ȴܻ飬Ѹٺһס֣˸
ˤҿѾ߷סܷܷվסţݵָʣǣҴң
ҡҿϵԼҧģƶѡƣǲϢˣصһҡ
˵ʲôըˣܷܷһָŭ߳
ʾǷ༥
˳ԹۣɿΨҶվһԣȻܲԽԽ԰׵ƺûɵɫµǡ
ŮߴߴܲͷԽԽֻۣö죬ķİٳˡ
Ůһ㶡ؿ˿˵£ѳһضûУܹϢ
ǰ£㿴ŵģȻ˵ԼҧԼأҺίܷܷٿޡ
£㲻ǹġǣô򡣡
ˣסڣըˣܷܷʱˣſھ
ҿ顣Ϊβ˵
ٴγ״ҶһƳؿֵɫһܲԽԽ԰׵ǲ£ڵˡ岻Ǳǰ֡
ԣŮһ˲
ٿܲգۣ̼㣬ǹڵ¸ǰҡ岻㻹֣ʧӡ
ܷܷһתعζͷаһϸߣüһָǻؾı£ˮԼɵĺ²ҳϣߣ
 

474 

Цһؼƣߣ֤ѾȻģ˵ʲôǾ˵ʲô֤ˡ
ܷܷˡ
ǣײõˮʡϴĴ̣ʲôģܷܷӮسġ
һ̬ٴһ浹ǡ
Ůֵûܲȴ۱ˡһֱҶͷһæе££ôˣ

ЩţҶ˸æһĶͷֹ̡󾪣˲ڳˣתסڣסڣǳʲô²ˣˣҽ١
⿴ŮǶ죬¤ҡͷ͵ܲˣæһظ߽
һ̣ҽٸˡɵ룬ҽΡ
֪ܲأܷܷתһǣǣ㿴ɵĺ¡·նǹ㡣
ߣ̶̫²ͷεġ
Ŵ̶ܷܷٴαŭˡ
ܷܷ쭣תһ⣺ǣպõˮָ֪ˣءڻӱ˼
һĲ죬㲻һᳳӦó顣
طҶ˵һۣѵã̫ˡ²ˣͲͣ㣿в޲ȵȥ֡
ܹܣϲȥһƳŮ¤ɲ¡
ǡϲ롣
һۣתˡ
ǣҶ˶ЦЦȰ븮ʱ̣ЩءҾõµǽҪҽµЩ˵ɡ
ߣ㵹ͻݡƳһۣûطԸŷʲôȥҽ
֣ŷޱػش𣺡ǡ
ھˡŮվţ˼Ҷز飬°̾оóֻܷܷˣӣȴǽⷢӣܲİΣĮġ
Ҹﲡ֮ʱǴҴҵشͳӸϵ˻԰Сߡ
ߴʯ£ۣž֣ͷϺüҳĿӣѪˡĺʯϣˮܵʬšۣͬŲš
ôͰΣǲŲʡ
ϲǾҵ£ѾˡȻ󿴵ںƯţ
ҧסȻܾġͯߡģץסԼָŵ˵ȥܹܣŷͳһˡ
ǡ
δŷˡû뵽ʱº㶼ˣ֣ߵʬߵͷϸʯܾò˰ʬ̧ߡ
ʬ̧ˣŷͷɴվڸǣһ²߹ʣϲյ׳ʲô£
ҲϲӣЩӶιӳܣûþͳײܷܷҸʱѾ־壬һͷӣҲӦ
ϸһ龭ŷͻȻʣӳӻȥ𣿡
һæתͷȥ󡣺һ㶣ҡͷ˵һʱˡû
ڻ԰ˣ𣿡
̫඼ҡͷ
򴽣ŷ˵үˣܲȫȻӱԼЩڻ԰ѰҵӸȥ
š¸ˡ
֪
صӱĳվڴǰΪֻǲˣ˳ץһƣ۲һ¸Ů̬ȡû뵽㾹˰㣬ȵóˣѾ߾Ī
䣬𵱳Ѫֹ塣
¶
ȥʱúõأѵڻ԰˵أ
ȥţֱ
ˣվŴ磬ġպЩ
ĬĬҡͷ̾һ˵壬Ϊңǻں̾ĸպиùޣǡ
˲ҪⲻĴһվΣһ鶾ЩӵʳҶûġţóһ롣
⼸͸ͨѩסЩ䡣
һʣⲻѰ롣
԰˵Ѱ鲻նĶԡ˵ʲôĴ̴ģǾ綾޶ȴ𡣻бġ˵ֻҪס־Ϳˡ˵ֻǽҵģҪ
û뵽Щùһ
һʹһ˲΢һһ˿ĺڣϢɢȥٴα͸Լ඾δ壬ˡһ룬˵壬ȥŷͳ죬һǲж
 

475 ԰

ʱܲ΢תȻЩգпɡҶȰ裬ܷܷûм״סߺ޻ȥˡû̽鷿ؼʺ˼䣬Ի޵ˣû˻ᷢӣֻøˡ
ھˣŷŽµһ顣
Ϸһ鶾룬ȷжǱʯͷġ
û뵽ᷢ£ܲѰ˼һʣ˭ɵģ
˿̻֪˸֪ˣǺʱ
áϢƬ̣ʱҡ
ǡ
һʱһдܵŷսһСӡƻ£ʬ¡
ŷϸ˵ʬ帽ĺۼܾ߹ȥϸʬ塣ãָ˵ǿǺڵ㡣
ڵ㣿
ɡķǼΧϸ˰ΣƲƤԭ覴ðɣ
ҲúƤ覴á
Ǹ㷢ܾ飺ͯҲֺڵ㣬էƺۣúɺ𣿡
ۣ
šһԼҲôСĵ㡣
޹תȥ߸վµʬԣͷϵ˿ڡ
˿ڲԾ
˿ŷش𣺡־ܴһ¾ͷǣʯͷؽ߰£˿ڽ֯ѣէȥΪһʧ֮ҵġ
⻰æ߹ͷ˿ڣĥƬ̾ʣǰ㷢ô𣿡
ҡͷ
£ü˼һᣬϴμİڣͻȻ˵ŷĵͼ𣿡
С
һ̺ŷһͼŮʬֱ֮Ȧãʣܾȥ԰ӣӱߣںδˣ
ͼܾţָָ
мɽں̰ܶЩطܻᣬҲױ·˿ʲôء
䣬һ䣬˵˹ؼ
İɵԣӵ꣬ϲݴԺɽʯ¡붬ˣľ㣬԰пݲݼɽСɡɽʯ棬׷ʱ俴ʲôԷô
ڣͬ
ҿڡ㶾ײ֮ٴܵ¶ֵӧ£ضܽⶾŹġ˶̽ү԰пռţɱ˵ĺʱ
ȥ㣬ˡҲ䡣
ţһֱûܲͻȻʣɣӧ¸ɵģ
£Ҳ²ǵġײǡǴϢűڡȥѰû׼űɱ
겻ɢǡ˭أ
԰լǲģǷ̵ڼ࣬ضŮӡͣƬ̣òô·ķǵ󣬱˵ҾÿһԣϲĶĶкۼ
̯̯֣ŷЦϲӲˡ
һ㶣һķǣЦʦС
Ʋ죬ķǻǶѦһ䡣
Сʱŷǣһֻѩý˻԰԰мžżյƣӳճһƬӰߣһʧһɽ
ôˣ
סˡô£һûŷԾ֮¾ҪȥͻȻץסҡͷ˵졣Ҫ˿
һŷæָӻùˡ΢ɢԽ䱸ŬΣӲ俪˼ɽһǣŵƻһڽԾ¡
ʯӸӲңѲˡ
ʣü˸ơ
ܰ
ȴһ̣ͻȻ˵Ϩѡ
Ϩһ˲ɺܾͬʱöһϢ档һϢķǺͬʱŭ߳
˶ӦݣգۼԷ
ϢϢٿȻɢȥ
ٴʱֻվšԸյƬѪʬ壬߶ȥ
ʱһƿĩĺߣȥֻѣգۼڿû˺档УһĨڿգʧڶ
ĿһĻ죬޲ɫ
ûнͣóһֻɫݸŷˡǸ׷٣ֱĵطڼڡСЩʱҪ˼޹
ɫ㣬Ҷ־ضŷ˵Ұ򡣡
һöŷ֮๰֣л
ķǡңѦȥæ˸һصҸ
ոܲ룬ɫһصʣ³ʲôЩɢˡ
 

476 

ôʣ¤æ߽ܾʣ㲻֪
֪ʲô
С˵һҩۣ˻зյ֢״ʵǡҸܹܣڵµů̯̯֣ǰǽԼûܲˮٷҩСʵ˵ˣ˵˵ҪϷΪ֪֪𣿡
ڽȻܲҲȻסƬ̣Ц֮ǰһƣɡʱûôݡ
ǣֱҡͷ߹þ˵֪˹ɣװװϰˣҲʼ䡣룬ô˭ԣײݣԼȷʵû£ҳʲôѽô
ʬȶʴ֮˻ײݣ͡£֡װϹװѵһ䣬סܲıҪѨ˵񣬻ʹģס
á
Сʱܲһ亹۵ü㣬ҽˤ´ۺܾǿѵʣʲôôôʹ
ֻγɶԣܲˡʮɵǡװ

״Բ˵ǰ²֪Щܹ
Ǿ͹ǡװһ֪⡣Һֻһ㣬ҪͶˡҲһӵʳһҪģΪûлԵòã̺溮һ˲ͻᶳɱ飬һҾ顣
һɸϽ죬
ٽѵǣ¤ȥֻͲ¤תȥû԰һɱ
һ̣ٴξ
ֹһᣬŷķǻȾѪ
£ԺڷĸߣץסɱһʧҡѦȥ׷һˡ
û뵽ôϸܲǸ˭磿
йǱģԸͷ
ܿ
ɫѿķҡͷ£Ҳ²ֻǳϢȡô㸮Ů࣬ǻ˼裬ʹЩֶΡˡҷֱɱǸջѾֱҲдࡣ
һɺܾͬʣ
ԡҿеΪĶöࡣǻ͸սǰһҪ跨˳
ͬʱͷܲȴʣʲô
֪ɱκߵѩϸ˵һ顣Ŀɿڴܲβʣ˵˵ӧѩչļϸ
һǡܵ˵ĵλ൱ߡʵᴩһ¾֪ˡȻʼλ֮ǰѩչʹá󣬺̵ྩ˽֮ƽ˾ֱ꣬ӧɹͻȻʹдȣӧƸߪΪͳ죬õءЩȻǷ̫֮սǰѩչսݣȴһǶΪΪѵ㣬ܣΪй¶أ֮սս𣬽䣬˾ֲйԱɶͶ붫ӪʱȻʻ
ѩչšӧͼ֮ǰļᴩյƲʵ򲻿ӧߡ򣬱߾Σӡ
˺һĻܲʣĻǵΪʲôأ
̨֪𣿡
ɻҡͷ
˿֪˶ٲ˵£ӧҪڷ̨Ķ̫µġķʵۣΪ׳̨ܡʱõġףԸˡ
ų̂ᷱĶܲͷ׼ӧ¤ˡ
£ϲˣ˵Ҫ
ˣá
Ǻ߽ܿһ˾ʣŷͳ죬ҹ԰л⣬ǲץµˣ
ǵġӧİڸײ
ȻҧסĿ΢ʣŮ˰ͨϢ
ˡ
ü˵¿ɷȲϢҲǼϢ
Ϣ
԰ˣֻѰϱˣʤ
ܲƬ̣ɣܾǾأ
ţɵͷ˵£˼ƿСȻҪ㣬밲˵ӱµλáѧ䣬Щ¿Э
Сǣأ
һɣݸð˵ǺģҲڡ
ĥţܾ˵ضЩĿЩ̵Ϊáϲջһ˺ǵҲҪš
 

477 ֻҰ

ǵͷȻóֻͲ˵ǰлˡ
ЦЦùͲݸ򣬽߳һŽӹͲȥ
ˣܲܲ԰׵˵²ҪˡһҩúϢղָܻЩЩӽɫƣأʱҩһġ
áл
¿ˡóһֻҩƿд˸Ӹ¤
ţǾȵգۣûʡ
ʵ֧Ųס˵ƣֻܲ÷ԸŷкˣϢˡ˳䣬һҸƫŷʣʲڻ԰ʲô
츳էȥһɣܸˮгܷɣԾǸ˾ܻѹ׾£ǧ棬
ڽԲֻ֪üʣǰ˵ǲǡӰ򾣿
΢⣬ЦЦ֪
ؼĸµʱ˵ġӰ򾣬伮һͨޣ棬ʵޣ൱ء˵ʱǻɫɺɫ׻ɰɫ͸ֻڵӰŽӰ򾡣
ǳɾ𣿡ֵʡ
Ц˵ֻǳ񣬵򾡣Ӱ򾳤֮أϲѪȸ֮ϢûжΪȸɭ壬֮ʱŻ棬һ˻񣬱ҧᱩС
Ŀ¶ɻܾʣⶼж
ʵ޶ġΪԵĶжж˵Щ˶Ǳҧġȼ⣬Ƶ̣һˣס
Щεˣܾһ
û뵽ӧĵ֮࣬üʣѵûԸ
ȥҩˡҺסһɺɫͺѶԸˡ
ԣգգۣ˵ǰЩðٻιѪãǳȺԡû׼ӰҲϲٻΡ跨ôˡ
ٻΣ
ǰһðٻιѪãһӽʮֻգ۾ͳˡ
û뵽ٻλЧ˼ʱˣÿ˸һҩԸЯҹҲҪϣԲȫ
˾ۼҸʱص֪˸ɧ˼Ƭ̣ԸѾȥ̽Ѿǳȥˣֲŵʣİȫŷͳ츺ùʵġ
Ҿ֪ү߳ŷ˭ֻܶŸĶպǸ͡
Ĳְٶԡ
ͬһʱ̣ǱһСլԺĳ循ȵؿ̾ϵһŻңҡţƺܻ֪ʲô£򴽲ŴһֻɫС
Ϣɢɫȥ
Сĵظϸӣĳ忴ɳ©һʱһʿԸһ̩춯
ǡ
ʿ߳ȥʱ׷˴ӳЦһվԭصȡ˺һᣬѦڸ
٣İ취治ŮΪ˦㣬׾׺ˡӻ˳ϵĻ֣ܽ򸮡
̫ˣȥһˡ
˷ɿصͷ
ճ̩Ѿָɽľ룬Ĵ򶷺ۼĨȥˡ
ܲ˼٣ֱԲˮܺҪ
֪ڸ˼žʣջ񣿡
ʱܹ԰ϲͻӱ󡣸û͡ϲѾ㡢ˡѾջⶼˣ²Сߣ˵ʲôߡ
û뵽һҹˣһѰ˼ʣܾߵĸţ
š
۽Ƭ̣ԸǮϵСŻŷ֪
ǡ
һߣܷܷҲ֪ѶԼͷϵ˿ڣҧгݵߣúãɣǿɾˣүǰү϶ġȴװ׵ذʯͷ
ɷصžӷƢһѾ߽һֻá
ˣūںԺĿݲݶֻӣƣ൱ÿ
һܷܷӶⲻǼ˵ѿ
ĿѾһæ˵ūͰӻȥ
תһ룬һЦ͸˵ڻ԰һֻҰá
Ұã
ݺݵصһۣȥ
Ѿһ£ǡ
Ӻܿ͵޵ץסѩõĶݺݰ˼ëؼҰ湻ġˣ߳ϲϲ⡣
˿֪ƣں
֪º̾һְοǶⲻĴ˭õءԲٰ죬úðᡣǵļҲа١
 

478 

ĬȻչӵ㣬ѹɫ磬ϽץͷȰ˵㣬ץ֣Ǳ˳ѹˡ

ڿǣܽ˵ˣС㣬үСүǸСҸϻǡѰڻرܡ
ɣ
ԡ
룬ʰһ̵˵ܼܵ䣬Ȼغլ
Ǹջرܣ½Ҷʹɽ˸š
ǰͥǿά׳Ӱڰĺۼȵɫ½Ҷشưܵĵطߡһ·𽥳Ӳݣϵ䣬Եʮֲơ˻ֻпյʣȫޣе˼Ҷ硣
Ծͼһ̽Цط˵Сá
Ƴһ۱ܣ½Ҷת˵ұϽ̡øţľ⡣ûˣҾͽ̵ʲôġǸʧɣЦˡ
û뵽ºǣɲԾüǰסЦһ¡ѾȻܣԱġ
ǵɫϽ̰֣ڵص˱ݹȥС롣ġԡ
΢٣ֵؽӹϹӡ
ǲ͸źصĿɬһӽζСţȹôѺȵĲ裿һüۡһ°Ѳ˳
ѾһæסСôˣ
ȿȡζǺü˺һɢĽݡ״Ͻʮֲ֪عʣúãҲһȥɣţɷ羰
㵣һ˲üһŭϹӣ㲻ͲҪֿɬȡ
ô˵ģûñϽһƢ½Ҷһܣ̣֡㵽ȥ
ߣͣû۹⣡ű缷ۣװˡ½Ҷһɲ˵ģҡͷ˵С߻ˣ㵣һ°ɡ
û뵽˵ĲΪȻɶʱһ䣬ûػش𣺡СүдͲݡңۡôƾҲɣ𣿡
ŭ½Ҷһ˵Ŀ֧ܴǮҪʮƽļױܰѸ﷭һˡ
է⻰Ȼת½Ҷƺû⻰кβףֲ̯̯䣺ǻʺҪ䱦е׺ˡ㻹Ҫ϶ʮˣҸֻѾߣҪ͵ܵܣ鲻㡣

ؽҵñһ͸̩ϹǶҲʾױҲҪǮͷʵںܽӺȽã
ǱĻŵҲûάòüһ쬵ػش𣺡СүŮҪǮģλйģǮĶȥˣ
ն꣬ҽǵĹǮǷء͢ʹһͰõõĹǮʹһӦˣÿ˻һǧׯϻķϵҪƽ֡ɣգ۾ͻˡҳ˾ͬģǵнٺãһپûˡ
һ˵ԭ̩õ㡣Ǯ߷Ů̫࣬Ǹ͵ģһ˺ö˼ҲûõǮ㲻һҪ޸ҡӦ𣿡
ʲôӦã˭ӦãҸ㣬ƸڶƽòǮҾͲˡȻɷףɶһݻȥ
ʲôֻ˵ʵëˣ½Ҷϲ
ʵĸģŮҪǮ㲻ֹͷԲڵڵʡ
ʼ磬ЦС㣬֪ԭ޸Ǯ¿˼Ʋ㡣ҲҴСС磬ûѧ
ס˰Σһŷɱȥ
ˣ½ҶЦһ󣬲֪ʱϽЦǰϡ
̫ˡ磬ҽģ
ǰ۳ܵĹ򣬽Ǻġϧѧ䣬õ˵˾ˡ
δ䣬һʣҶȻ˵ҵĻ
һתһ㣬㼸ʱģ
ߣС쵰ëȫˣڱҡҺҪ㻹ΪɵءӺ߳һ׺صŵܵܡ
Ȼ½ҶתͽƱ˵ˣǿ㡣

״Ͻ͵˼»ǳԴ㣬öô᲻ȥ״
档Ҷȥһիһתǽ˼䡣
 

479 ˽

½Ҷֵ߽իʱѾصԭĵ⣬ȿĿưܣ˱裬ЦԽԽĳ裬СƢ
ҶйߣһѾһֻ߽ЦС㣬½Сү˵ˣ͸ﶺ㿪ġ
һһ룬΢Щʣʲô
˵ǸܺĶСԴ򿪣ҪͲϲˡ
˺ģ߹ֿҵӣץסһơ
о⣬һܡ
һë޻ֱûͱŵһһڵءٿʱһֻ˵ϣС۾Լһ˲ʱŵûɢһزҽУţ
һæҺ󣬼ֻ󱻸ϳӡ
նڵץס·ϢȻӶС¡
һʱ˻ꡣ뵽½ҶȻԼԽԽ£ԽԽίҲסһֱϷ
ŮĿߣηסβİǼңáʶ̧ٵĻ쵰ˣΡ
η˴Ůˡη˵ĸʺĸáʺѡ̫η˱㾭ĸ˸߶ż빬̽ʱʺæ˵Ů޸Ǯ¿ϧǮ¿ƲǼ֧գֻýʺ飬˶Ρ
踮Ľӽ˹ɱ˺
СүСĽˡ
̫ˡҶ̫ټ㣬ҪǮ޸ٴν̵ܵӦԣϽ̸һ壬ʱǵýѵ⡣
ҧŶ䣬ּڼൽˡ
̫У½Ҷй񣬻ʺ˵Ҷô̫ˡ
ʺԩ͸Сǻұ󡣻ұԳԣԶ棬˳Ҹɾǰֻ뵽͸С㶺ġ
ұ󣿡
ԡիۣΪɾӣһʮһֻˡ
ԣһԵӵ˵ʺ󣬻ұȷʵڳۣ൱óԡ
û뵽ʺ΢˵˵㸮ģҪȢˣһ¡
ش𣺡ǲޣûǮޡЩ긮ûнѺĲ״һ˵С˵ҪƽƸ񣬳ʵò
һΪѣ̫˼žʣô̩õ㣿
̫̩ôˣءʵǲÿڡͣһ£˵Ĺø϶Ǯʺ泼˵ûû˵˵㣬޸ۡƸӭȢƽͲˡ
˵ʨſֱѻʺ˵ˡ̫ȴúЦʣ㵹ǻ̡üʱ𣿡
΢һ˲ش𣺡Ҳ⳼㣬ǰͿȢסҪųһɸۡҪʱ䣬ؽڣҲҪ鵽Ժ󡣡
ͷ̫ʾù鷭˷ʺûﲻҪôСӣڸҶƽ֮ʡҶúɺͶڶ¶ʮɡ
üߵл̫󡣡
˳û߶Զֻһ˿û̧ͷԾվڵԻرܡȴǰͣ£΢΢һЦҶ겻㳤ˡ
Ȼ̧ۣ㶲˸񣺡ݼ
֡˵ŻҶʱͬգ㲻׮£Ƕûѡġң壬һûѡ
էң壬½Ҷһ񣬵̫ͻҲлػǡ
֣ȥ
û뵽һ΢΢üţתһˣǶƽ½ҶıӰֵѵСңûʲôϵ
ĥһ£ҡͷ˵Ҿδء½Ҷһ嶯ͻȻסضָ㡣
˭
ҽ㡣
ƽüʲô
Ҳ²½Ҷֻڷ̫󡣡
Ҿܻ飿
δء
û˵һŮҴ;ϲԭ⡣ʺټ
ܿ˻ʺ󹬣֪̫Ŀͣ㵲ѡ
޺ΪҼǮ
̫󿪶Ҳɨˡּܲͻ´ڶڶ¶ʮЩ˲á
ǡ檾½Ҷǹġ½Ҷյľٶһ˵ûôضڽ
˭
½Ҷ檽Ļñƭεϸ˵Ȼʣ檾ýһΪ˴ɡѾˣΪλ˵ع
 

480 

½Ҷһյۺ̬ȣʺʣǰû˵˵
ˡ˵ҿ
ЦЦٽǻ״֪Ȥظˡ
˽Σٵ֪ʹ߷ߵؽŮ顣֪̩飬ܵٴŭףֱãʱƣһĹȥĸ߰ŵϽڽε˵
ҷ˪ƲȵĲǿͻΧ¡ѻռͳǰݵһĻ֮öռΪԼƽٴδ˺գĸŮ߿࣬Ѱǰżһ½Ҷα
صУòдšдţͻȻ±ʣҳĸ׵ţһֽдž˾¡ɵĿ¼ҩ顣
˺ü飬缱߻޹ҳǸ
ָḧãݣԶĻռǡɳݡĲͺˡողʹΣӧ̫ɻ͡ɷѿĵشΪأ
һĪĲ²ⶸȻԺԼһ
ҧסŻ־Щ
ңԷߵỽˡ
һҧԼͷһסҴҾû񣬳ȥӭӡ
檰ݼ¡
ɫңʵֵôŵģ
ûУûеġʲŻʺټ˵˵½ҶףɺǮǼҳθĸдš
½Ҷ
ԡ빬ߡ½ҶϷŪɵͼӴһ飬˵£檲²½Ҷһ׾ԼޣñϿּ檾ã϶˽
һ磬ʵȴЦǵС󣬹档½Ҷͦ˵˭⣿
û뵽ֻޱȣѵߵġ㡱Ӳ£ת˵檾ɽġ
ʵüΪʲôô˵
Ѿ˾˶ɵѧһ飬檵ľ˾ô꣬˵۹ⲻġɡû׼½ҶΪֺҡӿɶʵȨ
΢΢ʵ۶ƬͻȻʣúɵĹϵܺã
һæ˵ֻǱƭӽ檵ãϲ⡣
ϲ⣿һ˿ֵĹ⣬ʵ۰˲豭Ƭ̲˵Ȼϲ޾ͳȫ޸ɰɡ
һ
ܵǸɲŵģŻƷԶԶܡɲвɲŵİ취Ϳĸ׶ȡˡ𣿡ζЦЦʵȥ
ǿ˻ʵۣվŷһʱز
ⲻԶվڻϵȡʵ۾ӭЦ¡
Ǻǡ㻹⡣
檵ȱȥ˺þãΪ±סˡ
һʵЦŮӣʺ£֪ġ
л¿佱ֻС²Ӣ䡣
˵ߡǰ´ѩ÷ʢȥͻ
ʵ۴ȥ԰ˡ
ڵ񣬴ҧ˶оʹ֪˶ãڴԷĺ»˻꣬סȨףںģʸĸдš
δʱչͻ˸СţٰҲûعɫ죬δСʣ̣ôˣ
عݺץסֽＷ֣ȥȥ̣࣬һ¡
δɱ
ܿˡţĬòỌ̇̄ôҲΪүǰ;ǼΪ°£үǰж͡С㣬ֻȡˡ
ôһ¶ͱӣ
С㡭ҲӡԼȡ˵ܵǵǰ̰ٵ⣬ȻͻȻ̵ǣ͵ش˸סƬ̣ʧ۾˵»ת̫ͻʺ󶼿ڣʡ˵ġȥү˵һ˵үʲô뷨أ
ү˼䣬ٲǿ񣬲ݲһ·ͷźδ͢ȥĿȥĬƬ̣ݺץһȭͷ뿪ϸֱǶĵš
͢ʱ޵һֻϺõëʸϹ£үүϺǺ
һ£Ϲµͷ
۲ı飬޵ҪϽ˵ûŲ졣Ťͷһ΢΢üǰװε壬ɫ԰ףŴü͸ڲס߿ͷһ޵ɫվһԡ
 

481 е

ûٿ˵үӹš½ҶǸ쵰̫ǰ̫Ǽóƽɺ
ɣ
ǰ˵ûǮף̫¡˵ûǮɣ̫ǼǮЩ϶ǴС̵ģǲͣѽ˸󻹲ϷŹǡ
ŮϹüȴҲҵؿ֪ǼٵĿ˺һᣬע⵽Ϲûæ۲ɫ
Ϲ˿ûע١Ϸֻרĵ˼̩߲߷⣬ɻͣ½Ҷͻ顭£õۺ⡣
һʱ侲ˡ
Ĭţܼƽ߽ү½Сү˵̫ԸƽɺʣʱǮȥ
ĵûзƢֻ˵Ҫʱ䣬պȥ
ǡ
ƽȥظСʣүѵ͡ˣ
̫Ÿɣһ䣬ϹûطԸŸú׼ȥᵽ̫ǰ״
ˣ޵ֻ˵үһ¡
״޵֪Ȥ˳ˣٶóţү
˼䣬Ϲ͵ü꣬룬ٴͷϸ
У½ҶҪǮ̫ͣʵͻȻͻϸףȰ˵ĸΪ˵ܵܵǰ;ʱãպ跨ȣơûöռǡ
飬Ϲ¸ţ棬̨
ү
𳳣

ɳ©ͣ©š̺С˲ڹļžļĬ֪˶ãϹ²ſ˵ƵҲ¶ĸ֡ɡ
û뵽˵νǼˣһ˹ץס֣үŮѽ͸Ź죬ҵģġɲ֪ʲô¶޸кӹ𣿡
Ӳ黨ǲݣһǴ¿ʹǰѾˡҪӷɻڴŮƽûȫ᣿
ٴס
ӣ¶޸ɣ¾ͻ硣ֻҪͷպΣܻչ¶ġο㻹ڹŻ£ȷʵίҲҵġ˭֪ȥأ

Ǳµ˼뿹ּ
죬ٲ֪˵ʲôվһ£ʧǵػصϷϣץӰʹ
¼㽾ݲ£Ͼϵ⡣ţ֪Ż¾ȥ̽ӡǣɺ޵ƣʵۺαɷѿģ˾ĴŮ޸뻢ڣ
һ࣬δο̣ԸѹҲ벻ӣȥүϼƺϼƣ
磡߶һ磬һץס˾ݡʱ˿ֻ̣Լĸ¡ţԸ
լӵĻ¡ĬܾþʣûʣʵΪʲôͻȻ˼𣿡
һ
̾˿¡˼˺һ˵ǰ̩߲С㲡Ȼ̲ҽߣȻڣҸءͻȻ䣬߷ҩСүСĲͺˡ֮أ㶼֪ˡӣ㻹߲Ǹڣһͳ̩ӧʵ۰µ𣿡
ٱûʲô֣˼ϼҵǵӼҵ˿˸ĻĿɿڴ
𾪵¡ҡҡͷһ빬纣ǼҼҵױòЩȨıءµǱ޿ɱܡӣһȰʱҪãеá㻹ǵϹôɻڴι˼أˡֻҪ⣬ݴ֮㹻ƷʵȱֻһܵݹܷͣʵҲضˡĶŮϹȻˡССүٳΪĸӵϰ𣿡
Ÿһᣬٲʣǣ¶ô죿
ȵĸ㶼Щ˼ҾͲ޹ˡѡõģѡ
ҧסΣʣ᲻ᱻǣȥ
ġֻҪñ½¡
һᣬȷϵ磬㣬У
УȻί㣬ܻպĸֵõġϹֻƷ٣޸ҲίѽǵõĻϹ½ͳӣļֶΣǰ;ڲǶƷԱˣ
ȸٳҧסصͷ
 

482 ʧ

ã¡վڻϳ˼š
ɫŹ֣߹ʣôƲ֣ùʲô𣿡
£Ǵ¡
ǡ
û¡š
Ȩ֮ʣڵż˾ġ
õˡû뵽ء
ţŹһ¡
˵˵ĵһЦ
ջų˵ĸдʵ˵һ飬žʣܾһһĻʡǷͳİţ
ȵؿתͷʣʵģ
ҡͷֻǲ²⣬С̫󰲲̩ߵӡͻ̩Ϊ˴̽ʵ̫ŶСүǰϮͻʺŮҲʹͣڸߴС㣬úð£̫ܵշҽǰЩǳ߾Źͳ졣ЩҲ߶̡Ҳ²⣬һΪүǰ;ġ
üЦ࣬Ǹµġȥɡ飬ôô˻ǵĹͣƲλûʲôܸġ
л
ʧڽֽǣЦһöʾЧҵġ
Ϣܿ͵С꣬һֻ鷿ȥʱһģ˵ͳ죬׿飬ּܿ⡣
ףˡ
˳߽ȥϾĵϢգӧЦЦŮ˼ᡣ
ǰʲٻңҸ顣
һ½Ĺʵۿ˽ھǶ䣬ʲôġ
˸߼Ҫõˣ⡣ݳӡ
תһӧֻã԰ȥ
ԴǴͻ̩棬ӧ̫˼ݺ֪˻ռǵһ⶯ϡ漴ԼǿԮȻ顣ǣ߷硣ʵһֱöռǣ»
µǰ;⡣
԰ڵǧűһֻҰá
һ߿Ұãõݹȥ䣬ӱҰúÿöɡ
һǧӹƬ̣ÿģ
֪˭͸ǵģҾúÿ͸㡣һ赭д˿Ȿ֮
һӵĶ䣬˸ۣԣá
Цӯӯأӧ˵Ұó˰ɡ
һһü׼ԡģһ𡣺úտ
һӧĵͷǡ
ĺܿݣ俪ĵιӡֻҰãӧ²֡
˵ת黹Ƕ߹סĸ첲Цӧϲ⣬ȥֻ
죬§סƱ磺ҾҰóúܳ󡣡
͡һĶͷʣǰ˵Σ
һЦءʵ׿ˣºܿ޸ɵġ
⡣̫ˡô죿
԰ҪҪܻ顣
ǡߣ
Цĳ弱ææؽ
ʦ֣פҹϮʮʬ
һ٣ӧ̲Цˡüʣôй¶ģ
ĳͷ˵Ҳ֪
һۣӧˣڼ룬ˣ̩ͻȻߣⱻɱߣ߶ˡµǻ
ĳһ
ȴؾУһأ
Լˡ
˿ͻȻʣӥ̽լн
һæ߳ȥ̺ٴλʧְӥϹ̽լδлر¡ûмʱѯʣʧˡ
ڳͬʱ԰һӰˡ
̧ͷڶͷ϶
֪Ĭ˶ã俪ڵڣɡû뵽լ֡ĳ壬Ҳ²ҹʱ׺ϣŰ׷˻ֵǣ֮ǰܲĿ˿ǡˣΪͻȻ¶
ӧ˱˴˿Ȼ
˭֪أ֮Ա¶Ϊֻá
߲ʱӧӱ俴þͶ˼֮Ӱ򾽻Ѱңá
գڻ԰ӣ˴ġ
Ӱ㣬ûץãְϵܷܷͼ赶ɱˣϧֹܲˮ㱻𣬽ڣȴѰƼһݣ¡
ҹ䣬Ӱڻ԰ӦȴϻѩɽӰҧ˾첢Ѱ٣¶ߣͰ׷˻
 

483 

벻ͨΪαӧ˺һᣬ͵ؿԲݵҰãͷһаת˸ȦǿסҰõĳ嶯Ըڸš
ʱ̣ɫƬѩ£Խ䡣լĻ԰ڸ١һԣķеغžƣڻ¯Էţ⣬ѦҼĦȭƵصųԡ
ǴΣķͬʦôóԵţⶼԲϡ
ס٣бۿð͵ţ⣬ƲʣѦɱ˼
ʮӻȥһһһʮ⣬һ
ףʣ図ɱӣţǾ׸ġ
һɱüЦʦ֣ˣ˵ˡ
٣ðɡǻرܣȥ
һ̺ķǴѦǰеʣк£
ķǣ˾ٱլӲʬ壬Ҫ顣

һۣߡ΢һķǡоĿ⣬תЦʣλʮγƺ
΢٣򴽣ҽ
һᡣɣڻ԰ƿ⣬˺һΣ
һֹٴƬ̣ͻȻʣլģ
Ǻ֮ιӵıԺסġ뿴ƾݡ
û뵽˺ι˵ĻƤ΢΢ü˼һ¾ͷԸǼȥǱߣǱߣϸ顣Ȼٵؿ׵оٱҪʵģĹˡ
˰칫ϡ뻨԰
ķʩʩȻתϡ
԰ͤϣɶԿ⡣˸ķҾ
˺áɡ߷⣬ʱľ
վúֱһ˿£ͻȻʣ˵빫ڴ̣ѵ
ʼ磬ЦһˣҩȻа취Ūҩϡʵֻǿˡλɣţտ졣
ûаڼӣ¡
ظǵ˾ƣɳϿҵ˵ˡҲơ
빫ӿˡԱɡ
غȾƳ⣬ĥ˰ʱûз֣Ƭ̣ûеѡ
װʦֵ˱˴˿ɾʣʦ֣˵ӧ֪û£᲻
ᡣӼɵӽкô
ǵǡ
Żص԰ҼáԵÿģһʿͤӡ
ӣλع㡣
һķ̧ͷһɫЦ̫ˡҳ
˸߲ң˽
ķǸԼʱ½ҶŽ̩鷿ѽյһܲ
꣬ܲһʱ˵СǣӺܽҶҪȰȢˡ
鷭һᣬĥž˵ǰ˿̾ػжʮա֮Ǽ棬ﻹд硣֣ǲлᡣҶӦ£ƸƸӦ䡣
ң壬½Ҷͣ˺һŵͷȻʣ㣬ҵĻѩ⣿
԰ܶˣҡ
ܶˣ㣬ôôġ
һԹεػش𣺡˭֪ȥӾ͡
ɫȻܲæο䣬ְҹ¸½Ҷû뵽죬Ȼʣѵӱֳˣ
ֻܶˡ¤ҡֻӣܲ¤ԸһȻʣϲѩã
ֻϲֻӡ
ԣǾ˵£ң͵ġ
һܲʧЦģŵġ
лү
Ƭ̣ɫܲ½Ҷһ
Цسһᣬһ
ġ
ܲ˿ֻܳأ˾˵òСǣܺóԵģ㳢һ¡
⣿
ڵĸĪЩü½ҶЦ˵㣬ԳԵģֲ㳢
ֻһᣬͻȻʣＸʱӣ
˶һ㶣һź̫æ˵ϲֻҰ͵˵ϲ⣬
ͷһʶʧӣİУҰã
һ̫æ˵˵ڻ԰񵽵ġ
һţǶʱǹضˣڵվˡ
֪㷢ʲô裬½ҶȺЦΣֻԲ˵±֡ҽ˼ɱӡҸȥ
û뵽ӣܲЩЦãͷ˵ȥɡҰöѣȰȰ
 

484 ڷ

ǼɱŽ˳ĴһʣյҰ˭ģ
û뵽Ұã´֮Ц˵ϲҰġҲģúܡ
ɫģ
˵ȷʵǻëеڡ
˸ʣеڣ㿴ˣ
ǵġ

ɫ۾ɵúֱܴصԼ͸ˣͷæ˵ëǱߡɫһѡ
ͷֻܹȥһϸһѻëЩڣǼϲдѪ߲
һƬëȦһ졣
Ƕëᣬü֪òȰȺ棬һСѾ߳һĻס͵Цһˡ
ʱ½Ҷˡ
վŵᣬȵʣ㣬ʲô
ءҶѩˡڻ԰Ĵң
Ž״εģ½Ҷ˺һŵͷȥѪܵëùǣһһ壬תͷŭȺ˭ɱҵӣ
û˸һش
һᣬ²С˵Сүǲ֪ӡ˵Ұãɱ˳ԡ
һ⻰½Ҷʱŭͷ𣬴߹һѾס½󣺡˭
ǲǣڸ¡֡

δ䣬һ˭أ
Ȼתֻһ˷Ѿߵǰ䵭߸żˣһܷܷ
ǹ£½Ҷ߹ȥֱʣ˭
Сүﲻĺ̩ء
üһ½Ҷ쭣ڵͻȻ̧ĨĨ۾һסܵܣһ¸صŮȻȫ֪˭˶񣿡
ؾ˵ģͻȻ׺Цڵʣǣʲô˼
ûҵӣҲ㡣㡣ָءܷܷˡˣˮ͵ҵӣѳҰã͵͸ҳԡǺ⣡⣬˭⣿
û뵽˵ļɫضپϹҲסüһǣ㶮أҴСУƾʲô
ȴôǻشı
ǣΣ
ܺáҵӾš
ºݻתһɨĹ£ëйպø򡭡顣
ȥ
˿ıӰ½ҶȭͷݺһŮǣ󲽸ϡ
ϲǾطȸ
Ƭ̣عһ뵽Լǰǵʣը˷ΡҲǸģ˿Ƣһļˣ㣬Щëȥ˭ҸëҴ
һţֱܻҸ
δǾ˷쭣ܷܷ֮వ֣һ˹ȥλ˻࿴˸ȥ˻رܡͬʱ־紫Ҷ˶
ǹ⺦ӣ͸ǳԣ
ǰڳ׼֣ϲ쭣ǵšòУүǰ״ȥˡ
ҡҡͷҶ̾һǹ֣Ҳ¡һүˣǻ֣֡ǲð
ͷѾЦ˲үǰȰȰҲүķ˴£ᾭġ
һ£ѽ۶ࡣʱȥǰæҡ
ҶԾرܣѾصܲǰԸµؼԷ֪ΪʲôһԲ½ҶҲװν
ǽֵֹܹģܲʣСǣ㵽ȥˣ

ֻһֻҰá㲻ϲ⣬Ժǲˡ
ûҾȥҰá
Ŷܲ˵ʲô¤£˵Ҫ㣬˵ϲ·ϡ
ȵؿǡһȻسԵһƬ㣬Ȼ˱ԼԼ;ʣºȲ𣿡
֪ô£ܲ˵㼸ʱܣ
ûгȥҰãҲȥˣ
һ½㣬½Ҷ˼ž˵£һɡ㲻֪ҽǨŭġ
һܲͷðɡ
̳ȥʱؽСܷܷŮҲ˽
ǽվܲߣͷ𡣲ʣ϶˵̻ܲ
Ŀһ߹˵£檱ɨˣ̫ˣֹ
 

485 

ŭݣٿǴƺûܲЩʣôˣ
²Ҫһ֮ʡһֻѩѾ߼ΪҰþȥ˵ϲ⣬ɱ˰ͽҺθɣȴǵ˵ָʹģ˵ҹ͵ӣɱԡ£Ѫˡ
ز֪ʲôû˵ʱܻһǰ˵˸ףȻװͰ͵ǲ£С·ϡ
ܲû
ƽ޺ȴǸˡ˿̿ڵظ״ٿܷܷŮʶµóضǸɵġԭģΪôɺϵȥǿȥΪ˿ǵЦ
ţ޹£֮ڹĿܲĿ΢䣬ȴһԲ
ֱ˵ˣʣ˭Сȥӵģ
һ
¤˭˶񣿡
ǡ
¤ӦȥػعͷЩæ͵£ű֣Ÿȥ
ζЦЦܲʣ˺ܻ飬ô˭ȥģ

ܷܷô֪ģ
Ůͬʱһ˴˿Ų֪λش
ǲҲ׷ʣеƷصȴһĹ⡣
ĴԽѣŮȴǣڶݣ˰ͨϢԼʱ鷿Ҳ鿴Ž¤ĬĬЩʱͻȻĴԼԼĵĮȻµЩ˼ţ䳰
ЩĬĵȴУ¤ˡ
£ѾС˵ŶϲȥӾҪҲ˸֪λˣϲڳӡ
ھòꡣ
һ̣ķ˺˼ͬؽԩֱֻǺ档ܷܷͬͷģͬæƲԼ˵£ֻǿ֣û˼
ĿͣһᣬܲʣضԼ˵ɡ
һᣬת˵ֻҰõѾġ˵Ұá֪ǲҰãûȥˡ
£ʲ˵ǻѩãôֱҰˣŶץס©
ǣٺ˵ǾҰãĻѩã
㣬Ұ񵽵ģ
һܷܷܲͷһĸҳԼĴæ˵Ҳ֪ʲôҰãҰãôҵѾ͵أ
ǾѾ˽͵ģ
԰
Цһ˵£ѾߵԽԽˡһ˽ŻͨϢһ˽ӻӸҰáʸ֦ȣ˼Ұͽ㣬㲻ųԣ
⻰˵ô̶Ǻһʱȴ޴
ܲ˼һ¾˵ܷܷĲ֪
檣֪Ĳ֪
¤ȥ˭ȥģ
¤תȥֻܿ˵Ѿ߼һֻãø˵ϲӣøȥ˵Ұá
ҡѾͷԼֻܷܷϴ£ֻǶ硣ճ檱ҧˣҡһʱӣֻͣ͸죬żԸɱӣ볼޹ء
ܷܷѾƭҰá
ҡ
ǽƱ磬ܲѵ⣺ضˣ㺦ΪΣƽСǻҶӣġҶӻ˶Ǯģ
һһת½Ҷæ˵ǧƽ𡣡
ˣ㺦˼ҵӣҪ⳥ѾСǷǣشʮϳȥ֣ԼðɡܷܷҪǡ㲻ǹ㣬˲
һһӻңֻú޺޵סϴó⳥½Ҷܷܷͬûֵãظϴ
־ˣ½Ҷһ۽㣬һе֣ûʣǡ
ߵܵܣܻ˲١ص鷿ʮԾذڳﳳܵʵϸ˵ְܲˮյɸһ飬Ȼ˵ܾˡҽյΪΪҶˡ
Щȵʣˣ
һ£ʧЦôڸŮ裬ԮɲСҵܷܷҶõѡѡˣ˴˰ģ
ˣܲЦ㲻ġȰѴ°ãʺ󡣡
 

486 Ȼʵյ

һ֣˺һɫ˵֮Լˡ
̯̯֣˵ˡ
ߣЦʲôЦ㿴㣬˵޳⣬ʡ
һߵصԼܲתͷ˵Ҷġ㿴ҲĮġ
װʧȡ
Ȼ̯̯εرʾЭ˵¤ҩ˵£ҩºˡ
Ŷ
ҩ¤̳ȥǲʣ£ҩûжģǰΪʲôҩ
һܲʱ˵Ҷͻһջص־ۣŷȥ˵жˡû˵ЩӾ룬ҪҩҩҪһӡ
ûԼΪ˶ܲ§סװҶжˣͲһ᣿
ɻ󣬻Щͬ飬˳ؿһ˵Ҳܶˡ˰ӵҺòѲء
˾Ͷˣһֻ㡣
СҾҪֻ£ȥǲ׼͵ҵӡ
ֲܲ׿ϣԸ¤˰ӣҵһǧƽ
Ҹֱ˯£ǲŻصӱʱѹ԰ѱ˸׳졣Ů֪ܲԸ¤ĵѰǵӣʷߺ񡭡Ա
Ҷˤӣ˺ġ
һҹ䣬ǳ˷ͷظ޲Ħŷӱڡ
Թôۣ¹¼Ļѩáëйǰһݣ㣬ƬҵĻë
ԲСӣˡ
ȥĻѩãĪȻʵ塣
ϯݣ
ǳں󹬵ľɫ欣һһǣǡ
Ѿˡ
Ȼȵȣ
楣
硭ϯݣһһޡ󹬶ٻݣסȻʽŲ
ǣ֮ǰãŭȻʣ乬
乬
ãת߻ڣҳͼٴϸ
ͼеһǣƽ
ָһãһ
Ȼʵ˼ȥڳƽ̷ˣ
֮գƽѪɺӣ̷ĹŮ̫ȫڣɽԲֻСȻⱣȫл
̾һպͼ߳⣬һעëһݡ
Сӣлл㡣
ʱӱȼһСѻ𡣷ٻëǻҽװһ񻨺ͳĹľһᡣ
˲֪ⳡɱ¾ӧá֮ãΪķ͵ҰĻġ
Ѱʱķķ̨ߴƷ
һ⣬˵Ҿ㲻߷̹Լܺ
÷ĹϵӦꡣȻжסˡ
תһüֵҲŲءﰤпܣжôܣ
˵ġ
ƭˡ
װƵ죬ķǾ˵˵ȥҸ㣬жˣشõľоȡأҪһӵġٵذʦܵĲ˵꣬˵ӧ¶г𡣶ӧر𻵡
ķں߸ַ飬ʱٸ֤һЩۣЦͣ
Ц˰ΣòضʣȻƻ˵ȥɹﻹʲô£´øϡĶ㿴
á
ˣķǴѦߡ˵ӣ빫ûнⶾ϶ᶯġ
Цһʲôֵ̽ĵô֪֪أ
û˵Ѧذε
δ䣬档
顭һӲɱȻȥꡣ
ɢѦʣû°ɡ
ҡͷߡլ͡
ǡ
ŵĽֵϣ˴ڷѩԶʮٴǱլ
լƻͨ÷㸡ȴһˡѰСʱһһ
һʱ򸮻ϣӧȵʣûˣ
ǵġѰذڵƻͨһ˶ûС
ڣأ
´ڽֽǷĻʮֱ뺷ʼգķǲ֡ķǵƾ֤󣬵ֻ֪ݣ鲻κα
ȭͷӧĿ΢
ͬһʱ̣ķҲڻ԰ʣ˼
ʮ
˿÷Ŀ¶תͷʣʦܣ˵ô죿
ʼ磬ЦЦ˵Ȳ£ǰ
 

487 ˵

һҹȥ޷粨
ճᣬιͥ౨ըĽ
ι౨꣬Ϲ΢һۻʵۣĵؿ˵£Ϊӣйڳ֣͢
£֤ȷ䣬оǺġ⣬Ŀϳ͡Ϲٷֺ֧ιо
Ϊٸ֮ľ̬֧Ϲٷ
£֧ϴ˵
ΪòòɿִϾ˵£ΪδоִֻйҲʵòɱһԶۡ
üʵһֹ顣֪ʵۻûã֪ȤϢģת¡
ɢ˳ʵס̩żس԰÷ӧһȻشܾ档
÷ּƷһյ裬ʵ۾ʣϰ䣬˵ºϲ߷ɣ
Ϲüëһ£֪
ɨһϹ£ӧԵ£˵ŮΪھ׸ܡܾ֪ɣ
ܾƤһǼֵ÷зûϣֻûش𣺡ǽùϵãЩִֻܡ
ֻܰɡһŮһȥ̲̽ſΪԴס
ӧ˵ֻιһ̩˵ϲֻȥܾ̽Ҳڵġͳ˵ʲôԴףˡ
δæûʱ龰ܾ˵ǲԴף
ӧǣܾ˵ǽóܣ޹ء
ܾôɿѣ
ܾԻʵ˵£ֻʵʵ˵һ麮ţʸ鸮ͳô˵Щ֪Цҽ޷𣿡
Ŀ¶κԵ£ôͳĻ˵òʡ
£ҲַȥСһΪáӹκĻӧһת
⣬ܾܲͬʱһӧҪʲôڼ£ɷٵȺ򡣡

ϯ䲻Ծһ˲Լͬؿǰûз磬ѩ衣£һɫã̤ѩɫݣֹȻȻ䣬йµĽ棬ķ
ֻǺӵܣ
һ̣еĿⶼϡ˶ĿΣ̲סһʡ
£Ŀбӵ񣺡ߵ£ꡣƽ޲
һᣬʵ۲ſڣƽɡ
л¡
ˣ
֪ʵۺ«ʲôҩлĩϯһԲ
Ƭ̣ʵ۾˵ϰ䣬޾ȻţܸɣƥŮȥأ
Ϲµһμɡû뵽һ麮˾˵ķȣ֮࣬ʶ½Ҷһ£ٱһԼӣԴͷһ룬پŮȥѰҲпԭ˿̻ع˵¾úʣû
ɣԸСŮ޸㣬Σ
һ˿ȣûشӧѾЦŹάӢ
û뵽ʵۺӧɣܲ㵲ѣæ˵£ɸոճ˼ʱȢײʱˡͳδ飬ʵ˵ǡܽͳһףǡŵԡ
л̩ġСϵɣ֮ǾΪ
һƳӧĵɲµĻ⣬ת˼ڵ̧ж¡Сǻãȴ֮΢ʥ£
⻰˵ί˶ȴһζ
εذʾȢ˻Ȣãҿɾ÷ˡûʵ۾Ȼﷸףۡ
Ծس˳飬ʵһʱ侹תȴ֪Ǳ
ѻڼ£ֺ񡣡
һʵת˼
ֺغܿһ˿Ц˵밲ؽ׼һ׸¡
ϡ
ˣʵصͷԸȻʣܺһֱǲǺܸɣ
˵⣬ȷʵ
ǰ˵ϲɣ޾ҲʡΣ
йŹ֣ȴؿϹ£ɻʣҼǵСŮƺʮꡣ
һܲʱЦͷϯ޲̿Ϲȴһ죬ƤٺҲŲסֻÿԼסǿסش𣺡ܺˣ˵ǳŮ¡
 

488 Ҫ

Ȼ˿ûԼкβԣڵ򢣬ҡͷԵ˵£δ˵ҩۣͶ߷˼ءȢŮûʸѽ
һ⻰ιҲ˵£ɷǽ֪ͷûӭȢŮʧ͢档
棬׷׼ۣٵ˵
û뵽˵׶ô鷳ʵ۵ɫЩ
¶ķ꣬زɫذַϣƺƱʵȴϢؽߵĩϯɵĽǶǡÿԿָ˼żƱƺĵذŪ
ʵ۲ͷˣϽԲߡ
Ҫλ
ƽƬ̣ع¾Ʊžһ۵һɤӣһʵ۹֣ƵҲиմ̲γӭȢã̫ʡֵʹһְ顣
ͣһ£ɨһϹ˵ӭȢºãȻҲ˹ٵġ̷꣬չһº
һϹ죬ͷúܡٴʵ۶پʮְ¡Ȼʵãе飺ȫʡΪ񲿲ʣΪá
Ħž棬¡ȿ˵£ȱپ飬ʡܷ̲ҲʡⲻʵڻáҪӡΪʡף۶գذƼ
ɺܻ⣬áܾýյһĻŹֵúܣӰɽⶪ
ְʡ
ִʵۿһ۵ܵܣʵʣߵܣȥְ𣿡
£ΪҩǵְǳЦƲܾץס졣
ֲܾ˵ѵһ䣬κһ»ʵ۵ƻ˵ɵҩͶȡɣۣȼٵǴͳ졣¿⣬˵ͳܸ񣿡
ʵһ
ӧһ䣬Ϻ굷ңת˵ݻɵĳʹʶﲢ١
˵óϯ˽ԲĿϹ¶޲¡
ܲʵ̲סˣˣͲüŮɾһ£鸮ȹֻǣ
¶ˡɲٷɵġɣ¿ôл
Լ̧ۿӧͳ죬ǶƷԱȢŮôҲиƷְǸ鶼ҡ
ǹһ˿ϷʣͻȻЦͳңΣ
ӧһ㶡
ѫӵ볯ҪĥһлᲹƷٻϻЯܽƷΨлһ볯Ʒʵȱֻƫ貢ʤϹ飬ϧţûԹ׵İɸǺӵܣ޹޹ֻ͡Ϊ׮£ʵ۾ƸΣѾĶ裬ȻҪƷλѡ˾ǽݵ˼㡣
Ҫǣʵ׼һͳְλضҪġӧλͳÿλͳǧˡְܾһյıƿһţҲ͵ڼ˾ǵķ
һ൱΢µúãáµòã߲ɷҧ
ϯٴΰˡٴξȵȥɡȴݵϵĺԼ˱衣
ɫ粻˺һᣬʵ۲ʣӧÿ𣿡
ţӧǷȻ鶼òʣҲǿԵġ
ɣеã޾͸һᡣ
ߵл¡
̻Ƭ̣ڳˡɴݵظܾ󡣷˽ŲܾʣҪȢ£
û
϶Ȣġ
ʱ˵
ΪʲôҪӧƤ£ױ׵ġ
٣뻢Ѩɵûӡ
΢ܾʣȴͻȻסŲʾ̧ۿȥǰϹճһλװˡ
ܾ΢üˡ
ᶼͳضλǣĿϡ
ɰݼ
һüǳһЦԭ빫ӡ¶㣬ɺˡ
΢ͷƺû
Ƴһǽ欵ģܾ˼Ų⣺ɱ¶ЧҪȥšˡ
ɸܾˣʼգ̧ͷ˵
 

489 

ĿɵıӰĪ
գɷּ빬Ѱ˸żΪ˿кγ棿˿뵽һ麮žԼĮӣֹסѻ𡣴˺һᣬöռǣɺͽ̲֮סĻ쵰װʲôװʲô˲ģСүôˣ
һڣͱԼһ¡˸æˣ˿ҵ˼Щ̤ϻȣ׼԰ع
ţͣıӰ˵Ľ䵭ٴη˴֪˶ãи
һݣػعһվǰһͼһϮơ
ĪЩ飬æף檸밲
šôһվ⣿
檣檼ѩСˣԸߡ
׷ʵ۴ӧ鷿ء鷿ʵ۲ӧڽĺʣ
£ͳȫˡܾΪ˸Ƿ㡣ˣˡģᰲźõġ
ףʵ˵޾һҲӵܡ̤ѩķˣƬ̲˵޾еϤƺĶ
£֮ǰȥ߷ΣϤ֡ӣѡ
ҡͷʵֵʱûáĥţκˡűʵ۶˼ȥˡ
ᳯеĲѾµѾСҶص֪ʧ٣ķѡԴڻ԰ϸϸһ飬޹ֻôͷɥػصӱվŷ˺һᣬŷԸȥĽ
ܿˡ
ŷͳ˵ʵû̬о
ҪϢˡƬ̣ʣб𣿡
ҡͷ
¼ȻʱûǣͲ֪
֮շƽ˾ھо
գʵۺ׼˺ιԿըоߵ롣Ȩı˽˾Ϊپջլۡʮꡣϡû׷
ʥּ´գۼ仯ΪСһʵⱣȫ˿޿شŻ˶ӡϱϣЯŽʣĽϸͶҡǣ永ɾѺֻ̣߲ɢǰ̡
ݸһذʱŵֵͳְѵȺӦ䣬Ҫڹǰվڡž̫ûйݽ밲ʮСǣڸй䡣
վڻϵĵ̣ϸĽŲ
תһ΢üתʯرܣһƮ
빫ô⣿
˸ֹֻۣתʵ˸񣺡ˡ
ǰ翴ϵĹٷʣ¶׼ڽ
ǵģۣ̇ƽ
Ѱȴܸ£֪ٹӵԸЧȴܡ˵»ͦġ
ش𣺡ֻá
ԣݸ¶Ҳô˵
ˡСûʲôϵֻǾ
԰ɡ֮ǰ¶빬̽˵ȥҰѼθ붼ͳǲںƭã
ҰѼֻ˳·θǸᡣһүãԸڳļλСΣҲСүǮġ
óεķܣһüڵʣ˵Ĳϲ¶
ԣ̧ۿһػش𣺡ϲ
˫ڵƽûһ˿ǻֻһƽİˡֻߣʲôݣΪĳĳĳĳĳĳı̬ȺͿ
һ̵Ķסˡȴջߣ䲻ȵع֣й񣬸ˡ
Ҫߣʶؼˣһקס䣬ȵȡ
˦ͷҲصضһ仰ء
ʧڼɽ
ԶȥķͷӿĲ֪ŭ߷ߣǴܵʧ䣿һĻĴԷȻŴС죬æỽ
ش˸ع޺һţ෴ȥ
ԶһСɺ棬һԶԶĿһĻ֮ЦЦһĵ𣺡ˡЦʲôѽ
ͷһһĹŮЦӯӯ
ɺˡҸղſ
ʲŵһĻһЦҸǸ͡
ð㼸ʱ˵˵£
һĶͷЦġ˹ɾͷˡ
 

490 йϸ

ͣƬ̣ǹŮ߸˵ˡ˽顣մŵֵѰôͣĻŭš
ǽʱɻصšһɨֵʮ˾ʣأ
ȥȥˮ˳ϸéޡһ¡
˿شǸ²šĥžͼ߹ɸվţͷһ飬æСܹЦ붼ͳȥéޡ
ڲסϲɫɲɫЦЦֵʱͻֵ࣬ǰٺˮ
ǡ
̧ļ磬û׷еɢˡ
ˣǻ࿴ۡ
ƵһСɺ棬ַ̧ڱǰţܵζƣڹķЦһ
ʱǹŮصһʵûڵذϸ˵꣬ü΢Ÿɣ
ǰֻ˵Ȼͳסɵ䡣˦ˡ֪ˣδ˵壬Ǻ£
˭ģ
֧һ£С˵졣ū澣ū￪
ߵףÿɷ񡣳˼һʣɹϽ
ǵġ
ɵһһ˭˭ȥպ󱾹һȫǡ
ϲл
ǲǹŮ棬Ѱ˼βŷԸͳţɺͻйϸ𣿡
ǡ
ٸߴͳ죬˽ͨŮĸԼŵ㡣
ǡǡأ
СѾͷߵغʹȥȲãӻá
ס
̫ȥˣߵǰŻƿŵһ֦÷š
֪ԼֹĶĿȥ߷ߵػص޹Ǹϳȥòź޺޵һ֪Ϊʲô˫䵭ǰΣ
ڹ﷢ʱϢ͵ӧС꣬ЦϼҵŮǲϽôɣ
Цǰϣ˵ˣ¾úܹŹܼ֡꣬ɵġǳμ棬Ϊ
˵öԡƬ̣ӧȥ䡣֪ɣЦ˺һᣬȻƼһ
һʱӧĻظ͵꣬ݸͳĳñ³ţúúԱкô
Ӣ
Ƭ̣ŮԸһΪϲӦ¡ܿ죬ױһ԰ȥշ磬ʵ½ѩ
ȥʱɻ뿪šĺʱ֣ԽסΪḮʱصྩӦ޳һлڱĴɽ
УӦ޳˸ǱɽУѰղѰʬ֮أȴ֪·˷躼׷Ӧ޳ͷӰðǱصصȡʬùǲݣӳʱֱ׷ϡΣӦ޳ͻؽҩԼ뷽Ӱ˵ڶ׷
ʱ󣬾ƿҩ̩ӰפŰζľʹ˺Ϊ١Ϥֻ֮ðס˼
ӿУ˶յĴѩͣˡؼһƬأ÷š
һǴѾС԰ռ÷ɼ䣬˴÷֣̤ѩ
һɫĺãΣüۣͦı¹һͻᣬŶס
֣΢΢һЦת߹ȥʺ򣺡ҶҲѩ𣿡
û뵽⡣Ҷ΢΢һ٣Цش𣺡ˡѩ˼죬ѵ÷硣Ҿͳߡ
鵭Įת˸ͷʣЩҶ㿴ҵ𣿡
΢ӵ־磬ֺЦ˼ŻǺȰãӶ˾ˣϲһֻֻǶ磬ףǶүߣȥز񻰣ܺദźáЩپˡ
죬ػش𣺡ȣұȲġҪл㡣һάǶҪͳץˡ
ӧİ裬Ҷҡͷ˵лҿͳֻǽⷢӡǲҪˡ
Ϊʲô
ƺҶЩ벻֮ͨͽ˵λЩƢҲǶൣϾڳ˵ϻү̻㣬ؼҿߣϾôأ֣ү޺ôã޸үνһپ٣ãֻл
ܹү
ҵķҹӦ֮塣
 

491 ֮ϵ

۲ı飬Щ⣬ת˵һһֻ⡣ãƷһ¡
ݸá
ҶˣǼռꡣصӱѾСշҶα𣿡
Сշѡ۲Ľҡͷ˵УҶǸࡣҶҵĵŮеĸŮġʱֻ̩ء븮ѣȻԶԣԽܷܷ֮븮ŮӲ˵ǵĻȲҲѹܷܷʹֶΣҲŮҲرŹ֣żЦװƽ̩͡ôҾͲ֪ˡ
Ϊ裿
Цշ̩̾ԸŮ̬ȶ࣬ȲƫҲ䡣ˣװʲôãνͻʵȤġ룬˵Ҷţҽ̼áҲ²׳ͥѵԵѡ
Ź۲쵽ϸڣĬĬסȥҶ˵ģ԰żֻΪ˵Űݷ̵档
һպǴһʳȥ̽Ҷˡ
û뵽ˣҶ֮ʹʳС
뿴÷⡣
һҶ˾޵⻨һ仨ءܰѻģѵѽ
ǺǡˡϴΪβӽ˲Ѫ࣬лˡ͸㣬ıл⡣
˿ֻӣҶ΢ЦܣˡõϾͺãлͲˡ
ô˵գۣ˵ţȻǮС¡ҿҪĴлүɡ
һĪһ죬үô˴л⡭ãͲÿ˵⻰˵ȥֻǵġ
ʲôѽѵж񣿡
һνҶ֮˼žȰûÿɰĲôԡһүˮܾ˵һ䲻ûˣƫҪ˵ܷܷҲǸǿģʱʯͷݣʱүˣȴֻԼܡ
ѭѭţǲҪضŸɡ
ȰݸлġҸ߽һ£ֻһˡ
ԣһѾ˳ȥ
ûˣǽʣ֪үڳĴܲ
Ҷһ㶡
˽ϣүȻʽĹѪˡ㲩ѧţýݵү𣿡
ǰٵظ̾˵Ů˶ΪүƫңʵȻֻ֪Ĵ£үǸģάҾýܹүİΣһӧǰҲܸлΧŸ֪ʵ顣ˣ֪ѡ񣿡
ΣҶ˲ŻعζӧΪʲôҪү
ǰûʵ۵˼

㣬µѡúã㲻ٹٿȫˡѡˡ֮ѡúһɡ㻹иĸء
ٶԣߡϣҶͻȻվеȵȡ
ֹû
ҧҧ߹ʣõ˼ǽҪܵܣ

üҶ˵۾ɴһЩſһᣬʣý⣬㣬үģ
ֻʣҾáϵүԸΪǡү֪Ҫʲô
ʵеҶ˷һ˵ʲôҪʲô
պܱȫҪʲô֣ںߡ
ԾؿҶ΢¶ԳҪҾͲ޵ˡ֪ҸоҡֻһԸҲ˳ѡ
ûκνΣûʲô飬ֻ˵һȻС£ȴһζ
һʱû˵ȴ˵Ҫʲô㾡˵ЩҪġ
ûشؿһᣬȥ
صӱվڴǰãЦЦ
ĿһҲиġϵĹᣬޱߵҫҲޱߵļį飬Ͳôįˡ
ҾǺϲʵۣƫ
ţЩͬܲһɡ
Ȼµ̡楣
ˡ괺죬Ǿһˡ
˼һᣬ͵ظԸҶ÷ȥܵܡ룬һ͵ǰԺ
Ͻ÷͵Ḯʱɺܾڻͼ
ŵĽṹġһָɷ˵һ䣬ӧﰲǿص⼸ԳΪر֮
 

492 

ϸµߣܾͷ˵ϻŵĲġЩ֮ϻխСػȵѹ
˵ţóһֽһ¼ĵֵš㲻ţѰͷšҸšŵĲͨǰٹٽ֮ײ̽ʣµš취
á
ţ˼Ųͼܾɾ͸õֵĻ῱ΣĲΪս׼һջʵͻȻ˵ףɴץסҲ˷ͷչͿ˺ܶࡣ
ͼϽ̴÷⡣
֪÷ģܾЩʣת˵˲ܳԡҳˡ˵ӡ
ܾ
СϲԸ㣬ȥСóƱţŲմصˡ
̯̯֣ε¡ڲö䣬ʱ䣬аաһĻϽͷͬ˵㶯̫ԲҲпԭģҲҽ㡣

ͻƽˡԸҼ๤ûȥɡôڣܻڻ𣿡
ЦЦ϶˵ȻɺֵԽԽáǮҶȥҪЩǮ磬԰ɣ
ԡͷϽ˵¹Ʊʱĸߡƺʲôϲ£Ҳ˵ʲô£Ϊѵӡ˵᲻ֳӣ
üëһɶֻҪѺŪãȥһû¾УԵȥø㡣УЩȥЩǰƺõģ÷ˮһܳԣõȥ
óһֻܴĺӣװһֻֻС룬һѩףҩ˱ǡ
զһ£Ͻ̽ӹ
ܾʹӻת˹٣Ȣˡ
һһڣ޸㣬û
˰ɡ˼ȥοءҲŲɵ
ߣ㲻ɵ÷͸ҳԵģʲôˣ
ܾһ㶡
ֱ˵ʲôüʵģʶȣû׮ʣͳˡûԵֵġһؽ̵˵ҾϹٹܺãϧǰˡ
㡭عܾһϲҵɣܵ¡
ʵΪá
Ҫߣװɡҿװʱ
˺ػߡܣͻȻһĶͷ㣬µ֤Ķģ
һʱˣѡСׯ¡ϸ˵һ顣
˼ѽƵղ̫ò¡
صúܾҺ·
ĥƵգٴϯݡһ
ʱ図Ḯϲڳƽ̵ĹŮ̫ɷԸ図Ѧϣ̽ӧµפأ
糣ô֪ǲģ
٣ΪլĻֵģ÷֮ʱɢһմ²ɢŲ糲һ
Ȼ図ͷ
һ֮ʱ図˸һźӰڳͣͣͬһʱ̣̲նĽŲһηǽǡ죬æ̧ͷӳһĮ
ͷΣ߲Ŷʣ֪𣿡
֪ǣ֪ͳ죬ͬһڱǰ˵˵û¸һĻᣬ˵Ķ滰ɿ϶永йء˲ʲôˣ
ӧǣûѾ⿪һպδ˵ͥ౨֪𣿡

֪˪𣿡
֪֪ըǰ˪¡磬Űѻռ͸¡֪ҵ˪
㼸ʱͻֵģ
˪ػռ֮󡣡
áȰΡס淸ƹ˵ʲô˵ʲôţá³ۣӧһȥ
һҹƽ˾
峿ɻصţŵֵֿһͷ滻ࡣϤӧ跽㡣
ʱһ̣ڶŸװй䣬һĬŵΡפ䣬Ȼģʵͷ
ĮĪͷӲ˵̧ͷ
ȵ̧ۿкηԸ
˫Į۾粻֪˵ʲôźáסƬͻȻʣɣ㵽˭
һ˿ȴ˲ȥƽػش𣺡⡣Ա㣬ˡ
 

493 Ĵ

ҪߣһץסֱۣΪζű
չأûرܡ
ߵ÷ɿ졣վԭöš֪Լʲô裬ܾϤĶֹסĮʮץ
Զļɽ棬ƺɺϵؿһĻ
ıӰʧڹջߣòʣô֪ɣ
Цѣȴȵ˵£檷á檵˹ĹزŸ߱¡û뵽ˡ
᣿
ҲɼʱȢáɷ²ǻʵѡ
ѻ𣬻ʵ۾Իĵټӧ
֪ȥɣӧ֣ȴ˵Ϣŭʲô£Ȳʡ׮¸ն£ʱضжߡ

Ϊɶϲȴ˵ֻƻ̫󡣡
Ŀһǣ
£ΪǴΪ˴ɣ̫ƫţװ֪Ϸѡ
ߵһᣬʵסʣ½Ҷͻ飬ҿзӦ
ûСңѾݡʹѳΣ˵ɡ
š񾩳Ķ򡣡
ּ
Խؽˡչ¾ɽ֮ǰʵ۶Ⱥʾ͡һʱ̣ھĻҹУƷϹ˻½ЯҾ빬硣ܲǡҶŮͬС½ҶϮ˾ʸ硣ʺͬ
ϯӢ
ŸǮ¿߹˵ҶҾҪˡȢң壬Ȣɣ࣬ʵϲԶˡ˼ҵĸʵȨǱ飬պھп϶Ǩñ졣
ݺסȭ½Ҷסһٵĳ嶯䲻ȵػش𣺡ϲ
תˣɱԭءʼ磬Ǯ¿ƣվأȴĲɡ
ļףɲҵֻǿһ¡
Ӽ䣬ۺݰ٣翪ʼˡ
Ŀ裬½ҶĬس¹⡣Լıƣ̲ס˵Сүô˼ң
ᣬ˵á¹ܺóԣԵ㡣ܵһ¹ݹȥ
Զǣһϯ游ĸμӹһβμʢᣬ۵Ĺڴ˷ֵ⡣
ܲбųڹϵĸŮɺ
£ôμӹ磿û˵Ϸˡ
бϯϣӧϼҽá½Ҷ˵龡۵סѡһõĽǶȣ۲ǵķӦ½Ҷɵķܣǹһ˿Ϸʡ
еһʱһĵ㼱졣ϯһͼ˸̧һֻһ˸ߵĴڵŴı鲼ۻƣعӡÿ磬жһĽĿĴ
ĴǴһֿУķʽƵƤϸŲƤƷЩƵĻƱײʱ״ۡһڣʮùһֻ۾ءʸƤ³ˣƤеȣϳ俪۵ͬʱʸƤ
ڴʱĴһ⣬Ϊ
ڻʵΪ˼Ϊͣÿ磬Ĵɹǵ㽫ߵϳˣ㽫߿ɵʹ͡³ˣ㽫ҪóϷÿ磬ݣһƷѡʿУԱμĴĽ𡣲ߣ۳ΪΣֻҪʤܵõͬȵʹͣһڻʵǰո¶ͷǵĻᡣ
ãʵۻȺ΢Ц꣬ù㽫ְɡ
ǷǷƽбһ½Ҷ˵½Ҷճɫ֪ǲ˵¶׼ѡ½Ҷ֡
á
üһ½ҶĿбӵվʵһС
ʮ⣬¡
һ졣
ģһֻӦ֧һӰƺʧˡ
һ
ͣƬ̣һ߹ȥͷһת£½үļû䴩Ƥļˡ
û˵
Ƭ̺󣬻ʵƣü
½Ҷһߵ۵˲Էɾ˼ˣһ֮Уν¯ࡣȻֻһϷȴҲ԰ˡ
û뵽С쵰գƽܲȴЦŹάù۹⡣һ־ռϷ硣
ԣкȲڳףضƽʶˣƵֱۣȴп˵
 

494 ͨ

ûܵĹά½Ҷлʹͻصϯϡɸ˱ƣεεףأСү쿪ʤҾһ
˾ƱԵմմˡսϣԶġ
תͷһ㡣
ֻԼԣıڴϲֻܷǿסŭһ䣬Ҳˡ
ظһߣ
ʱ˼ʸ״ӧЦ£һ׶εıԡ
˵˵
ʵܼ򵥡ļҪƿѾϵļһۡĹƤһڱߴ򿪵ƤĲӮʤºӶ͡
ףʵ룬ʾ档
δһֻ̣ϷһöҶİϸͨ͸ŸϸСĿƺζʱʱ֣Լ㿪ϡеĵƻϣʧ͸ӰΡ
䣬öſڻʵʱ汦վ͵͸ߵܣҲҪʾһ¡
žſЩޣܲ˶ֻ˵£ûû˵꣬һֻϸָһıתæסԥƬ̻óһֻϽ塣
Ͻ壬̫Ŀ¶ȡ룬ԸһֻϬѩƵʹ͡
ۺˣƽӱ¿ҲóһıһƷҲ׷ױʾΨ½Ҷòֻüװû
ɫ䱦ڷڳϣҫĿ
Ŀŵıϯɧһʱ˸³Ƭ̣ԸԼĻͳһ֡ϧɼƽƽ½ҶЩ䱦һ˵£ԡ
ȥɡ
飬ڶ³һڣֻۣƿ˵Ƥ
״ƽʾԸʿ³δʤһ֣ʤ½Ҷֳͷƽתһӧʣͳ죬µĽͣΪβһ֣
Լǣ£ɷýԡ
ʵס
һλͳʮУξ롣ͻȻɣٿϵĹٷǲԾصɴۡɵĿ⻬װͣЩ䱦ϡһ̣ٿȻ
䣬սĽѾܾ֡ԭ˸൱ܾ䴩ĲƤԭȴһʱѷָ¡
Թ۱ԣӧؿɡڣͻȻʣͳ죬Щ䱦Ӯҵ͸񣿡
һЦЦǰ³𣿡
ѵãְ϶ҪһԵġ
ӧĿ¶ζվְ͸գΪδ
ְȷʵûȫõġ
볡С
߷ͷɵҲҸ֪˿̿³Ī
ıӰ粻Ծץס豭
û뵽ɳþͳ˽ͳ֮࣬ʶһ¡
ץסָװȤģ΢ͷĿȴϣɻѡ
ʱ˽
͸ŹŹ֣㲻óͷҫ˺޵ġ
˼ţѾ˾ߵ칭ҡ
ʸƿգз֮
һһոշپ
ϣԭļʸȫڵءֻʮֻſųУÿֻ۶ᴩƤ͸ĿնУŴеĻʵۡ
š
˶ˡ
ӧ͵üչɣĿ¶ء֣ȵκ˶һߵңÿһζǾżʸײͬʱЮľԭŵļʸպԭ𿪵ۡ˼Ծ롢ٶȡ˾ɵ۷壬ν֮ͨ
Ǵδ֡һȴ֪ɵԼΪٸ߳һ󾳽硣
˳ɾͣǸ̵ˣʦţֻкεĵأ
ޱȵļɵӧ붼ͳͨ񡣳رٵʿ
ʮֻûʵЩûɵļ¡Ĭһ˲ǿЦЦɣ޾ϲ˼޵һμܺáˣͣ
ߵл¡
ңΣϵʮֻۣ΢΢һЦ
ĺܿ쳷ȥĩϯ£ܾԭҲϯ
ἴʱʵۿһۻתĸ˵ĸ󣬻ˡʮƥ䣬Σ
ԣ̫һ¶ӺЦ˵㵹ǻòġõĻ»Ǹøĸϰ䣬Լ˵أ
 

495 

һϯٴΰеĿһϡƺûϯĶԴ²¹⡣
ЩĬϹǷ붼ͳΪͦá
ͻȻĻ°һէ׵ĻشʱˣſھҪ˵ʲôһֻס󣬶ﴫ
һʶҧס
ʱͻȻЦ̫󣬳檾һź¡ϲ˵𣿡
Ц˴̶͸źεֻѴҧƣǲǿѹסӿķȴɷףֻͷ죬ҵ˼㡣
бƺ÷ģĿ¶Ц߼Ҿòͬġ
ü䣬һ𣺡СĻֲõûбҪ
һʱЩڨڨ
ȴ۽һбҶˣ𣿲ʲô졣
عܲһƳأض׼˵Ȼ̫˵̫󣬶ݵ΢ֵġ
̩̫֮úþͰţʵġƽץסߥޡ
вξȻһĸ׵䡣Ӽ۾η֮˵һͳûʸͷ̫ͻġ
ߣθɣƽһ壬ؽѵơ
ҡͷӱ¿һ±Цùã̫գ붼ͳȻ֮áֻƷ٣˵ǧŲԡ
Ȼƽһͷӱ£鶼ʲôŲԵġ̫ˡ
ս·ž棬΢΢һЦ˵öԡ붼ͳȻֻƷ٣ڱЧǰ;Զ󡣡

һʱ䣬ŮǴŵۺ˼ΨлͷŲ豭һԲ˿ŹӢˣȴ֪Լʲô飿
ʵ۾Ӹ£Ȼ˵ķӦ۵סע⵽Ĳɵüʱһɵ龰ŭʱ
ΪӣӺ󹬵ŮȻȴűˣ
ĿţͻȻʣ²ã

ƺûʵ۵ʻʺü⣬ôˣ㻰ء
ʶ˸ͻȻӻҵ˼عһǶֻؿԼŵûɢҴҼһѿЦ檾úܺãֻǡ
ֻʲô
檡һʱ͵سһ亹һۿ˵檿ɫãΪʲôˣ
һ仰ˮʵתɷ׵ƺ΢΢ģʣСǣü޸ɲã
еĿⶼϣ̽д⣬ֻ
һĻӧĿ¶Եá
úԶ˿Ҳ̧ͷ̾һڣһӰվһ£ԡ
ڽȻתһ½Ҷ
ȻʵʣǮ¿͵ˣа½Ҷֵõ˵ɺʲôϵӵ죿
ô½Ҷۺ˵£̫󣬳ɲ޹ϵС볼ıͬһΥ񡣳Ϊ²ʣΪ˵Ȣ׵ġѵøҪŮ޸檣
ﲻݣеĿˢˢϣӧⲻѡͬ¶ȣ֪½ҶΪ˵ôһضɺ̲ġʵ
̶ֵȣȥضһվ˵º񰮣мȷҡǼŮίСˡ
ţ˲š
һתӧʵھ꣬ҡ˺ڣ
Ҳ֪ġ
ٴˡӧѣ˵ҷ˽ԣƢֻ꣬ССᣬһ֮ס֮ԲΪ¶ֻۣװû
⻰˶ҭסˣһʱ侹֪ЦǲЦ
һᣬ𿥵һ޷ȵЦ˴ͷҲסЦǰϡۺҲ̿һƬЦУֻ΢ͷվţƺܻ
Ǵ㵵صԲۣס˰̲סЦһ£ҽԣƢꣿûаɡɰôôң
̫ҲʮֻЦ˺һ˵ʲôŮ˵ĵ£ɣ˾ˡȢáͨԼ˵
һ˶ˡˣʲôأ޻檣ûʣҲ⡣
ûѣ˵ּ
 

496 Ļ

ɢϯ̫Ŷӻ˹ǲңʣʶӧɣʢĹϾһӵӼ޸˭ͳ
ĸ޾ӧû֪֮ǰȥݡʵ۰öռǸ̫Ȼ˵޻뵱ᡣЩ꼸һֱûץǼȻ꣬޾ͳȫǣһ򾡡
ӧļƲߣ̫ðξ˵ǸѾͷǳ岻סɵġӣǷ塣
壿
԰㶼ΪŮ˻ƭסɣҪסһ֣òв飬ʿɶֹܹݣʵƻмֲ²͸Ҫô꣬㻹

ǶӵȻ̫һ˵ϹǸµġӧȻףȥɣķ˭ԭδЩ£Եúܹ֣ȥʾͺϹ½̵ӣպ󰧼ѡõġ
⻰ʵæͷϯɴѻɣǵĲԾ˵һ飬Ȼʣĸ󲻾ǽõķӦܹ𣿡
ȵؿӣ̫һ˵ȸ¡պ󣬸Ҫ빬ʺ߻ʺס̩Щ²һʡ
һʵĥΣȻԭĸǼ޸ߣһ˼
ǺǡһöҷԴöźáǶΪãȴΪ治ͬ˴ǣƣ˲ַܰһʶǰ󹬣ˡ
׽Ƭ̣ĸ߼
̫Ķӵļ磬㲻Ҫƫӧĸޱס
š
ѶʵۻصĵӧԸһ
ּ̩ڵض֪ϾǸµˡ˪Ϊǰ֮գ־ˡ
̬ȣʵס
ӧּȥʱϷ޵ңʲôѽ̫ˡҲŲҪ޸ǸƭӡϣԼ˵ϻܸˣ׿ڳңʱסĸסѾˡ
޵ϡﻩҲǱݣֻðοŮ֪ί̫󿪿ڣǼûܾġ
ҪҲɡסͷҡ
֣δСẒ̌үˡ
һ
ףʱˡ
Ϲ˽ƽʹ˸ɫδ֪ȤشѾ˳ȥŮᣬϹ߹˵ˡ¶ֻһϷ̫ΪʼҰ¡
㶵ؿŸףɻѣ£ңңҼ޸Ǹ쵰
ŮֻҪ̫ʲôڶҪ룬¾˹ڹõأҲǰ;Ƕˣ˭ҿأеء԰ɣڲҪô࣬ãպܸƽˡ
״æ˵¶ĻǼΪ̫Ҳҫ˹̫ġʱļޣûʲô˵ġ

ϹºĵؿŮʱվڴǰ
ܲصŵ֪԰¡Ȼضӧ⣬Ҳܻܵͥʵ۷ѵĿʵһ뵽Ӧ£ͻջǵۡ
ô£ôȫ֣ǡֻһϷҲܲȢŮˡοǸŮ˻ˮݵã
Ӱһһɵöһ֪ʱϣ
Сôˣ
ʣؾǰצһָ⡣ͺˣһˡסƬ̣ٴοָķһ·λ͵ظƬ̺Ｘ䣬ʹ԰ȥ
ʱˡҹĻ԰š
߽һƬӰĹˡڼ䣬һ˫ֱ§ס
ů
СǡߴϤỽ
Ծػϲץ·һ̧ͷʣҪȢ
Ȣ檣ͬ𣿡
룡
ЦͷһĶ⣬˵Ƣ꣬ԡ
һʶͷ̲סЦһų壺ɰƽ⡣ȻֵͱҰɡҼʱˣ
Ҳô˵ѵӧ̸ʵףҲȢϷѡ˸ЦǹĻ§סĲӣҵػӦ
Σͷ˵㲻׼Ȣ
ġҿ϶
 

497 ֮

Ǻܷı֤ǸˣЦһ˵ļáǡҵһγ˷ͷӧֻġ
Ҳͷʵ۲ʶֻȴ֮ˡóһö
ڰУ׷𣬾ȵذָ£ǳһӰؿԼָƺƯ֮ϡ
ף档
ǾӰ֮ᴿЧܰ޴ѪŴȥӽˣӧٴû׼ֻܰӰƭΪ˳õӰɲźݺݳ˸ͷ
ϸӰ棬ǸæӹЦ𣺡ðˣҲµȻʵյˡȻʵİʾȥ楡ǰ乬Ҳ²ȻΪ˱
ķ֣˼صͷ˵ӰһǼϣ¡
ôˣ
̩ȥӱˡɨޱȣ§˵ֻǼ⣬Զ㡣
ֲӡŽԼз˵ۣȴգ۾ʡ
Ҽġס׼Цǿһ䣬ٴһ£Ŀ̫࣬ҵˡճʱ̣ڽ¥㡣صڶߣֹƻζ
ڰУһ죬صͷ
ӵƬ̣ɿ֣ʧӰںڰվһᣬǲѹˣɵЦһ߳Ӱ巵ء
û߳԰ͼܲӭ
һֻ壬ܲ߹ס𱸣Сǣôô䣬öˡ
л¹ġҳѣôôˡ
Ϊû˲Ҫġٴһ䣬ߣһ˵ô䣬Ҳ¯
õġҲ䡣
˵䣬ǻصӱ󡣷Ը嵹裬ǾȰȥҶɡնΧ
ȥҡͷܲתʣأ
⡣
¤ɿصݹһֻѩ׵ӡ
ӣЦСǣѩã㿴ɫ
ѩãǶʱʧãյĸ쵰͵ҵӣץһҪȼų
ɾãȰӲˡѩҲܺÿġ
ѩ̫ˣúܡҪֻáתһ룬˵°ѩ͸Ҷɣ϶ܸ˵ġ
ܲû˵ŷҴҶ£鷿п͡
ԣܲͰѩ÷ϣѩúܿɰġ졣
ѩãת˼Цáš¿ȥɡҪ
ܲһ¾ͷԸȥݡιѩʱ鷿ͬең졢ܾ
ûһᣬܲˡЦ뿪󣬲̻ܲɴҵܾİݼңͬУ׾Ͱܲק鷿
תͷ˸£λӣ󽫾ĳӡ
ʩһ񣺡ңݼ̩¡
ȵüܲ΢΢һЦû뵽ھǡŶƽǲʹȢã֪ǷӦ
Ҹ˵ƵԵӡõĻڶ½Ҷһº¶ʮ
ܲ˼һ¾ʣӿ
ʣңմ£һǰӥּʦպִǸҸΪʵ۴˾Ѱζ¶ʮ֮ǰ¡ٿ䡣
һӥʦĿ
˵ϱǷӥ֡ɣǸѩ٣Ҹ֪˵˷ӥ˾γ֮ƣټϽܵĹѳɼڡһΧԮ̵ܼաԾս˵Ѿ̫
΢΢ȭܲĬһʣɣˣк˼
¾ټϹʵ۲׿ϣةܽھѡ㡣ӧȨһƻʵ۲ɡ֮ʱ˳˾׼ͻˡ
˼ţóͼһһ˵ʮǰҶѾ̽˾ıֲܾĳűͼʳڵĲܾͳڲ顣֣ŵҪǿһõ̽ʱĵΣ̽⼸طԲر²õǡ
ϸıܲ΢ɣܾЩ壬ңĿ¶ȡ
˵꣬ܲʣӣ֪ΪҪˮ
Ҹ˵ڸģյİյݡ֮ҵҸö꣬ϧȻʾ͡ĲҷһԵ׷档
Ƭ̣ЦЦá
 

498 Ƥ

˺һᣬ˴ܵȥң죬˴СƻḮصԺУóһֻͨ嵭ϵĵƷʯϣְһĴָͷԲοյĵյ
ӵƸ͸İԺյԡ
޵ؿյƣܾȵƣ
԰̻ȵǿöࡣǲǺܺÿ
Щܾҡͷʣݻҷѣӻ
ʦֽҵġ˵öԣﾡãôܽлӻأǽյսƷ͸ˡ壬Ͳݳˡ
ü˵ѵô󷽡
Ʒֲǵòûʲôĵġؿ佱Լ
յϸһᣬܾͷлճôķͷΪΣӲ˺ޣ
ԣİЦͷֵҸ㣬ǿſʵӰΪ汦ӰдЧ磬ӰŽȥһһ㣬ԾܼǿʮͬģڲҩҩҲǿʮֻҪӰ飬ǱĬᴿѪΪӰãǿһͬЧ˱󡣡
˵Ӱ˵ʦ˵Ӱööоĳ֪䡣û뵽ǵȫѹӰڻ֮أ϶ᱻӰշӰ򾣬ӧҪѪˡ̫ˣƤ¶Цˣ̫Цˡ
üɫҫԼڷֵ֣ǰϡ
첻ѣٿ˸߲ңܾЦѣתβõģּ
Цһᣬͣ»ؾѻ졣
٣ҿɲѻ졣Ҿӧ϶ߥϹ°Ů㡣
ϹǸ˹ˣƤİɡҽ⣬˵
ҹˡ
ǸʱһӰϾ
գǴһ뿪ǰ¥ĻϲصȵʱĿ̣ҲɵӰ֣ŲһֻƿŸţϽ̡
һƨº˱裬Ͻ˵㣬ˣˡ˵Ľ磬˵Ȣ׵ġĽʲôأǶѽ
Ȼŵܵܣ˭ģ
図ҡ˵һĽͶḮȥקסѣֻóȥӦ図˵һʱˣԸ䡣
û뵽¾ȥɣǶʱˡüһʣḮ
֪
壬ȥḮС빫ӵȥˣ
ǡ
һˣϽ̾ȵؿȰ㣬ȥ֡㻹Ӳң
ƤؾĽѵǺܺ𣿺ߣҪ֣ʲôֲ´ִ˲źء

߷ߵܵܲˡܿ죬Ǵ¥ţϽҧ
չһ֣ͼԶһϮȹĿһ¾ȥӲǲԼϽ֡˦һ»Ǹ
˦ߴһЦáף붼ͳ
һɫ˦£΢Цͷ˵Сǣܵܳˡ
ɨһۣʮȻ߹˵԰õıӰһΪϴˡãʲô
ǳ䡣
̫ˡ붼ͳйҪ죬й䲻õġ
Ҫˣθɣ¡
ҿɲǶ¡ֻǾáһת˵˵붼ͳסḮѵҪ޵Ḯȥ˵լӡ
Ƕ죬תЦⲻ
״Ͻ̾˵㣬֪ǰи䵱УҲլԺޡ
һµܵܣ佱˵̶붼ͳȥɡ
ð
ˣ±ں档վƬ̣Ȧһ졣׵Ļ̌ĨĨ۾һŸ
Ǿ˵ãլӵ붼ͳˣȥɡ
޲ô㣬ЦլҲԼ£ʲô֣Ī
Ϊáǻûףǰģܵۡ
˵ʲô
˵㲻֪㡣ͥڣɺͳ
һ仰ǺǸŵĸ׶ŲίԼĵЦ
ݺݵŽ⣬˺һǿѹͷڵķŭ´˵̫˽ڣʲôͳġҲŲô
 

499 

֪ãٴαסɵֱۣɣȥլӡҽ̫ģҪž͸ɡ
ķӦе֣ɿһǣЦլ˶źãСǣǽһȥɡ
ûٽѵãŵܸܵһǰߣü˼š
¶һë꣬һըȻסˡԾ
˽
ضҪ̽ʲô֪ʲôأ
ȴûͷʱǽ˸ĵ䵱С
áкüլҡλ롣
Żƽ˲ԶһСլӣ»һ»ûǾüһָԺ˵ԺСָľҲխáһɡ
˽һۣ¾˵ɣҾլͦõġ
̫Сʡġ
һ䣬ߡΣֻøϡ
һ·˼լӡȴһ˵Сһ˵԰״ѿһֲáˣʱЦü䣬ÿζҭֱۡĸ׵Ŀģҧסûһ֮
ע⵽һ̬ͣϽҲԳԾ
˵լӣǾʣ붼ͳղֵ
Ҫֵ
ãôãôظ
Ÿûġһ䣬˵ɣˣȥҰѼɡ
ҰѼѳԵġȥ¥ɡ
һ۽㣬Ͻٴΰǻ磬Ҿý¥ܺóԡŵֵ㲻鹦ġ
á
ɣҲϲ㡣
㡣Цʣ̣ƺǽܶϲ㡣ϲʲô㣿
Ŷ㶼ϲԡҲҽôϲûд̵ġֻҪľͿˡ
ˡ
ǻЦʲôóԣ͸ظһԣҲ岻ϻֱҧгݡǰϽûʲôо˿ȴ޲ҧܵܣֻһۡ
һڽ¥ʱңóһͼѸҪϸϸظ߸ס
꣬οŮļ磬Ů׾ͺáǼҰ£㲻ܵǣŵŮǿе󲻻ġ
š
ʺʲôҪڡҪòɵ㲻
Ů֪
ҸŮһͶ˻ʵۣ¡ѣϼҵ׮ºܹŹ֣ЩԶɡ˻£һŲ֪Ϊá
ʼ磬ЦϹǶۡŮ޸Բ˳
£ӲӡʱԽǲɫǾԽͷԣػصزŸ󡣡һֵ˷ܣ¡֮æٴѡ
̬Щܲ˼һ¾ʣһǳǷǷ硣ΪΡΪζԱĳ
ʣ¡ջش𣺡ԵûȤֻɵʵ¡ǡϣ³Ϊڶ

Ǽ鲻ǣݲˣ㵽ȻʸǰԡǸʱȻ꣬£Щ²֮ǻˡ֪Ŀ٣ǰ֮Զ֮
ȵؿƬ̣ܲЩݣĬһͷ֪ˡ
ᣬ½ԷҪĵĻע⵽ڶҳǵĽةࡢٸλˣǵ¡
򴽣á
ܲ뿪ʱɸսֵæ˰ûл׷ʵκмֵ£Ƶػظĸ͵ܵܡ
ͬһʱ̣һСϣӦ޳ٴξۼһ𡣴ʮˣӻ˸ˡǱڵϣǱ˴˿޲Ц
û뵽߽Էɽ˹صܿߡ
ǰҺǲɵҩ糰ҩͻأǸûˡ
˦׷˷һϢˣ׼ٻྩ
֮ʱǽڵһլۡԺ˸վšȵüʣôˣ
ԷɽصǱ룬ʬùǲݶҾˡ
˵Էɽȡҩ
ԡ
Ŀһ
ͷ൱֡Ϊ֪ĸΣôԷɽѰҩ
һᣬףáʧСȷʵѲ߷νʧϸһ飬һЦһ˿̵ζҺܾûлǡȥһլк
 

500 ׷

֪ͷǿԮڶš
йһᣬѵĬǵò࣬ߡ߻һЦʣͳˣ˵ҪȢŮ
˭˵ģ
ﶼˡ޸ǳ
ת˵Щҵ˻ˣȥȾơ
кô˶ʱˣæȥĶ
˵֣һС̫˸񣬵˵ˣ롣
֪ʲô˼˼һ»Ǹ˹ȥ
һɽվţԸá
ʵ˸ʣк£
붼ͳ̫ҪȢõġôҽݣ
о·ʱһ㣬ֻ֮塣ΪǰѯʣδˡǻҪرܹŮġö˵˹֣תҪߣȴקסɣҽ˵öԣ̩̩϶˵ġ
˦֣֮ɺͳ̽ڿĴߣء
ѵһ䣬ͷҲصˡ
ءһţ¿޳
ƺûգ۾ͲӰ
ıӰٿ£﷭ŷ֪Լ׷ʲôƢȴĪһ£һˡ
Զ˿һĻ
̺һŮ̫󹬡
ūߵ̫ʲū澿ȥ붼ͳ붼ͳˣ˵һĹˡū澿С޵úġ
ϸ˼䣬̫ڰ֡
Ů˳Ӳ˵ū⣬ȷʵϲŵܵܣ붼ͳСһĴլӡȻٽǰóǽòʱ졣
̫ûֻ˼
ɲ֪̫˸һŶʮȥӣȾƿ裬һȺȰơ
˿޲顣ֵʱֻ컹ѡһͬǸᣬֻ֮ö˵ͳˣֵǶˡȰͻȥɡ
Ը̵ȥտǣɰžƱĿ¶ζȻ˾ˣǮѡ죬ôЩݺݺûʲôȤ
һεЦЦˣְӲֵطоŹֵúܣǺӦ
ؿЦЦ첻֪˵ʲôźáЦˣ˵ͦרĵġ֪֪˽ͨŮ
һ
ŮӶڱµģϣҲ죬ǹءһĹŮһ֪ǵĹϵҲ
죬ȴû
飬ɲµʲô΢΢һЦ˵伫λᵣ̻Υķճȫǣлڮɵˡ졣һҴͳԸڱǰ㣬лض顣չ棬ȱУǰ籡
סվƬ̣ļ˵ҪǵĹϵлš
ˣԸĸˣﳤȥ
ıӰʶĻͻȻһ亹
Ḯʱլ˲֮͡ɿռšԸе˷ɢ̽飬վڻϻƬ̣΢΢ۡ
վһĹ̤һӡһ̤ȴƺһϣ۾ͼһӡϸãٴαۣоܡһ̧̺ƺҪ飬ȴͻȻΪȭ
飡
ȭϮͬʱ𣬲ò
˳ٴλصʲŵĻϣĸ߻
˾ܴˣûˣûз֡
ԼȭͷЦһû̽飬
ʧںڰ
һᣬķǴһ߳ͷ˿Լ֣ص˵߲ƣΪҸߡ
Ѧü
δֶԲߣ˷ɱӭһܱĴ磡
һ޳˦ķǴһ¾ʣ˵òᡣֺ
Ǹط̶ֱѨҺܵÿ졣
صӦ޳ɽգ۴ֲǿ˦׷齲һ飬ķǳβ˵޳Ƕ㵽᷻٣á׷ˡ
Ӧ޳һ׷
ҹ̽լҵ̾ţķٴεһ˸š
ɺܿˡ֪׷Ŀ¶ءûãѦɱӣլϮ
磡ڵԾϸ룬ץȥס
լ졣ڶУ˸Ȼ
 

501 ǿ

æһʱˣϱڼ䷢ʬ壬ģһȭԸʬվڷ˼
ʱɡķǼ˱ӽӰפءһ̺׷ϵΪֹܵĵơ״е˵˾ܴˣطеŹ֣֮ǰ̽һ񡣡
ÿɷǰȥ߼״
ƹһֽǣת˸䣬Ĺһ¾һķϵԺ䡣Ժ䣬ٴߣһСݣƹһԻľܵǽסһ˾
ǽػٴοһƧԺ䡣
վԺĹˣȻ۸о˺һᣬٴǰߣֱֱǽǽһںխ߳խǰһֵҹһˡվ˺һᣬŷԸȥɡ
ʧҹɫС
ʮ⣬վ᷻¥ȥķ˼һûиңͷ¥
ͥԺɫ԰׵ţ˿ڡѪܣ¼Щӣ鿱סأַ㱣˭ɱͻִٵֿʮˡɡķǴȣӵõҲҪ˰
ž򰤸ҩɾʣûжɣ
ûС
΢˿ûʣ˻ʵǴǿУ
Цɻش𣺡Ǵӱɽ׷ˡ
զ࣬˼βŰϢԼһţһԺӡ
ϣǸ˱ضԲľ磬Ҳ²ӧǿЩķ˵Ƕ֡
Ӯ𣿡
ץץͷҿ϶ӵõ
ԣνص˵ԷǵĻأֻжʮˡ˲СӵģѰƣټӧɹٱӦǺܱ
˼һᣬóһָֻ̣˼˵Ķһ󷨡ǲǲ
ǡ
̳ȥˡŷԸѶ̸ϻء
ǡڴ˸
̧һָֻ˻ΣһֻȻָ⡣Ժ˿ζЦЦĸֳӦǸ˳֡
˭
Ӱˡ
һνʣа𣿡
ѵáǺǡ
Ӱӿӧվڸۡǰͥӭˣͫ΢
ǰӧһᣬӧЩ곤󣬵˰ɡ
һ£༥˾ܿգΪͻƵԲҾˡ
ٺ٣֪ҲͻˣҸ㣬һ书㲻ಮ٣ȴһļ磬Լı㣬㡭Լ֪Цţﳤȥĸۡ
סȭӧݺҧס
޹˼ɵߣ˾ܿպܿ촩ǰͥ԰ͤơ
ͣһ½Ų߹
Ų죬̧վţšĿƬ̣˾ܿյϥ򵹣ִ磬һ꣬¿ɺ𣿡
΢Цһ£˵ɡҺܺá˵϶ʹǿϲɺأô˾ְͻȻأ
վ˵ԷɽصǱ룬һ·׷ֱྩʧȥҲ²Ǳضྩֱӵྩˡ˵ǰྩϸ˵ȥլ󷨣̽޹ȻƶլйϵȻԮ
һ·׷ϵҲ󷨡һ˵оõǸط͸յζû롣
üףǹȻһ·ġ˼һ£һ·ۣϢհɡҵֺˡ
΢٣ͷ
˾ܿոȥӧ߹£žƱƺ
ôġֳˣ
Ƭ̣ӧס´һ˵˾ܿղ⼸꣬⡣
㼵ѽˡ˿ҪϺźáȻྩ㲻£ȥ
һӧת˼ͷ
ҹˣ˾ܿû˯źҹ¹⣬˹
˾ܴûϢլ˽ķǣһ·ģ˶ܸȤ͸һֻҰãڻ԰
üҰã
ǰҹ̽լһӥʧˣڶȥˣһ񡣡
Ƭ̣ķǣá
ȥʧ˾ܿռЦһ֪Ƿӧ
ﰵӿԽ̩ɾס
֪ܲӱЦҶˣװװôͻݡһװͻݣӶ
 

502 

֪ԹϲֵȰȻܾ͸°ɣǵⲻ˼ġ
˵öԡ˼Ĵ߶˼ҿ
ǡ£˳
ӷ粨سƿֻԵһ٣˼һ¡ܲһʣƾ˽
ճʱؽʺ󣬲
ߵһʱˡʺס
Ʒһյ裬ʺеʣ̩ǰǸӣ˭ӣ
ЦˡϲֻӣһաͼӴװ㷢ܷܷңܲˮʧ٣Ұãɱӵȵϸ˵һ飬ȻָѳԼеͣȴ˺ڹơ
һȻʺЦϲ븮ʱ̣ү棬ҲƫЩ
ҲǰɡϲͺһĴ»Ծ޹Ȼһתϲŵܵ붼ͳȥլӡǽһ᲻ͣȴͻȻãǹŹ֡үʲô֪ӱ󡣳檾ϲǰ磬ү붼ͳ˶٣뿪Ц˵̫󡣡
ʺ΢΢ü⣿
ˡֻǾáҲϲ̫ǰ˵Ļǻѻ

˵ү鷿ҲءŮ춼ýҲܣΨϲʱ룬ƾʲôүأֵǣүæҹȴû͡檰˼⣬ò֪Сż˽֪˭𣿡
˭
ᶼͳ
һݣʺһ˵̫һֱ˵̩£Ȼˡǲǰ½ߣ͸С
лػ
ظˣʺ̫л̫꣬žʣʺ̩м棿
檾̩ʧ裬Ǩŭ֮С̩ضЩ£֪٣Ƿʵ檲ԡ
̫ĥβŵͷʺúܺá㸸һ³Ĵţһ
ּ
ʺˣʵ۴߳ʣĸӱǲǺߵһˣ
δءܾȷʵ⡣
û뵽ĸôش𣬻ʵһ˼žʣ߲֪
Ϊܵ㣿Ҿãֻװ֪ܾ硣ʱóϽĻ游͸㸸ʵģ㸸һֱʮְϧͲˡû뵽ߡ
бһ¶ӣܴܵ㸸ǶѱôĶȥɵ

ɫѿ̫ٴ̼Ըš
ʵĸڹʱ⡣ʱ̻࣬ǰȺűӧЦǰϣЦ˾˵ˣСи㡣
ܿ죬һ˵С㣬붼ͳڶŵֵǱߡصıؾ֮·
л
˳ؿ֣ߡеһͻȻʲô붼ͳ㿴λƺС㡣
̧ͷһɴ㵡
״һ¾Ȱ붼ͳȢɡǧ𽵹˼Ӳźá
û뵽±䱾ľͷգѹѹ꣬ת˵죬ǼҲû¡Ҫȥլӣȥ
⡭̫ðɡ
ûʲôõġˡ
ʱ뿪ţС֪ŽͬУӧ»
緹ɴȥլӡע⵽˸ں棬̲סʣɣôţ
˸治Ǻ𣿡ţתͷʣǾլΣ
ʣҲ飬㼺
ͣͣǿլӡ
˵ĸլӣ˶ǰһ²ת˼Ȧ˵붼ͳְլ൱áС԰Щľһϸɵˮβ㣬о£Ҳ
úã
ǰ
΢Цһ£Ҳ񣬵ͷʣǮ
ȴլӣ˵ɣլеСڶլӾʹö࣬ȻҪɣܱ
ҾͦáǾأ
ٴα˴˿ش𣺡լ㹻סˡȴ٣»ʹһԷġ
԰ⲻ⣬˶
ѡլӣ켸˱ǡߺתͷ£ͻȻʣң
һ㶣ʶҧ´
飬ɲʵ飬ʣôżţб뷨
 

503 ʷ

˺һ²Ż׵Ķæ˵ǣԼ㡣Ҫ׵ģʲôأ컹磬Ǽ䡣
û׷ʣһܾ˵ǸӵĲƺܺãȥһ¡
šá
߽Ǽϵп¼һƬĦʣɣ֮ǰȢǸϲʲôɫ
ɫ
˴ɫ·ģְ
˵׾ʲôɫԴ
ȻüʣǷֿˣû𣿡
ˡҲžͲѾûܣͻȻķһεıӰ߹ȥһһ¾ͼ̡߳
û뵽һԲͻȻˣֻСŸקס䡣û˦ǰߡ
Ƭ̣ͻȻ˽Ų²֪ʲôʣɣȥѽ
ǰ棬˰ɣ˼·ô׿ԽҪѧŵ㡣

뿴
û뵽㲻ң͵Լ˱Ůˣ¼ȴַߺޣסȰ裺ʲôѽˡ
㲻ȥͻظ˦֣˳ĸҡöţһ׵ֻҧҧ
һ֣ǰķ̨
ʱ磬ķ̨ûʲôˡһ£ķǺһ¥ϡ
ؽ˵ķ̨ߴ˺ܶʵơɫްƵ϶ܺÿ
šѩźÿء»ѩ𣿡
һЦ˵أ
ҲһʱһѩǴİɡ
ߣӮˣʲôѽ
һԶ
̫Ѱˡ
һתʣӮˣĶעʲô
ҵõһֻϡӡӮˣҽ졣
裿˰ɣӶû͵ġ
϶ûġҪҪҴģƺ˸ۣʧ档
ĿԣעأķǸǰߣתȵһ˲һбϷЮֱ֮Ժף΢΢ƫͷ̧Ӳӡ
һ졣
ķǽ岽ǱײϣǰֵһˣӥĿ͸ɭ
ûû˵һȭ
ķǺʾͬһȭ
ȭ˸ԾˡķǶЦʵס򲻹ңˡ
չȻϮʲôˣ
ɱˡ
ȭӰ
εɱķһӭС
ȭȭգۼǾͽ߰˸غϡ
һθ˿ٴɱһС

һʱסȭͬʱתһ
߲⣬С쾪ȵؿǡͻȻԼʶɪһ²׳ŵʣôܣǿ߹ȥ𣿡
ȻشһסСߵˡ֣ôܣ
ƳɡװˣظԼһŭ֮´ķ̨׼ʦơ¥пռţߴȴ÷ɿش¥ת˲ǲϣƵº棬ټװȵðѯʡ
ʦܣķü˵λżϲдһ¡
΢ǣȨһ¾棬ּģ˵ˡ롣ǡ
ҡڵʧ¥£ƺֻдһ¡˱˴˿ƾȥ
ѰƵ˾ܿաȥķǣ
˼¥ߣͼһϮ橶񻣬ն۽üһַ̬ȣޣ㼫ġ
û뵽ɫɵö˶ٽŲת˸ͷ߹ȥ˹֣ͻʹ﷼
û뵽·ڨһʱ㵡Ȼش𣬴һˣһ˾ܿסȥ·üһ̤ǰ벽ش𣺡£̩·
˾ܿһüۣ΢΢ͻȻʣǷº½ү
˭ʶң
үʶµġʧˣϷ֡³˶Ůӵݣһǣȥ
ͷһıӰ½Ҷ£ü˵㣬ءʲô񡣡
ǽܡص̻Ƭ̾ͼ¹͵͵ȥɡǡ½ҶӾлظԸŽǰ֡
˵ܵܵĻǺЦҡͷ˼ҿһҲ
¥ϡķ̨⣬˾ܿȴͣ½ŲפƬ̣Ѱ˸ڽľٽ¡
ʱ΢΢ѩķ̨ߴʵƵ֯һƬӰɡ
ڹ۾̨ϣ俴ķͬɺ£Ŀһתԭ빫ӡ֪λγƺ
 

504 

붼ͳععλϴ˵С㡣ʲ¥һûἰ˾ܿգķһ
գĸоޡ
һϮǳҵޣбŷڷ䣬ֻż㷢ڶչճỺߡ毺õգļһ˫Ŀƺ͸Щ䵭ɫòصۺϳ˵ϣƺƻƺ룬ƺׯƺŵֽȻͬζͬһŮ˵ϣò˵ȷʵұ͸˲µĸ߰ض
ɾĪؾķǵ֮֮ȥʮֺһ˸񣺡عһᡣ
ݸ빫Ӷˡ
ĿķˣͻȻԼ׾һɶЦݿ䣬ʱζƿֻһϷ٣ܵ䣿Ȼס䣬ɣǵȥưɡҪعĹӱȽϺá
ɻû˵Ų죬ǽ
ɣ½Ҷʹ߹ЦҲ⡣㡭δ䣬ͻȻ䡣һ˿ǳЦ˫ĿӯӯתȻ
½Ҷûþޣȴʶغëһɫغ˰벽ʣ磬˭
ˣϲԱЦСǣҶһ£عֵѡҲơ
Ŷ죬½ҶŮ
Ҳ䣬ٿķǣµŮ˭
Ǿɫ
꣬޵ĺꡣȻԻҶۣ֪߳ܡ
ţЦſףعáŶҲ⡣
ͻȻһЦҲԵν벻żϷ˼ȻƣͬǱһ
û뵽룬΢죬ȴЦЦһɣðع롣
һ˸Ʒһյ裬ʣϸ½ϲ¡֪ϷǸĵܵܵĻ£ǲõģ
õģֲҹʡ
ˣϷ˽աƣ붼ͳ
һʣڽһ㶡μ棬ƽѾʮֹˡ˿ԼĻкβףеؿǽãЦԷռҵǾа˷Ϊ档ϷˣˡֱԣүŮˣ۸ĲģЩΪáүû̫òײˤͲˡαظԼ鷳أ
⻰˵úܣ΢סü⣬赭дʣعƺ֪úܶࣿ
֪ıϷΪĶһЩ˵үһʮӱȴ֪Ϸҹҹлʱ붼ͳү
⻰¶Ƕ̶ζĴͳŪЦɡڴŮ˵ֱֻǾףˣӵһŮҲ˼㡣
عһ
ڣǴһ۽ޣطʣ˭θɣҵһ£ĹĴεʱλ᲻߷߲ƽҸ˵з˵ɫԼŮ˶ܲס
΢ü⣬лһ˿ɫȴЦʣô֪ǲǳˣ
ھ֪ˡŮӴֹУڮԼȴνΪȷʵף˵ļЦ޸оعҲҪȰȰЩҳٴѾߣеܵͬǣйŮ˭֪ʲô
ļһȴķҲ˽ȥ
һڣķ͵һӡ
סڣϷˣ˵ʲô߰㡣ô㲻֪Ҳ˵䡣̩òõģθɣһ䣬תͷѵ䣬վȥ
û뵽ķͻȻƢŮ˶ЩȡһۣЦˣ˵㲻֪ܡ
÷Ų֪ܡüһ
ˡعǷǴ󲻾֮̲Σ㡣СǣҶߡ
ˡһۣ½Ҷȥ
գۼ䣬Ÿֻʣ䣬¡
Щ㶵²豭΢΢һЦС㣬ɣΪǸνķԺη˭ɣ
ٴһ
ףȻڣ㻹˵Ǹˡ׽ǡ

Ҹ㣬̩ʵǼٳסüҲЦԵˡ
 

505 ¶

һʱת´һ㶵ʣ㣬ô֪ҽ̩ٳף
ܼ򵥡̫Ȣ㣬֣ûǲṴ˺װѳֲסģϾҲഺʢ껪⵹ҲˡЦǣʲ֮£۲ֻзŭΪʶ̹ȻŭΪҵĻǶ¡ɶЩ֪Ůˣֻڮǵף˴
һ£ЦСãûףˡȻֶн࣬ȴŮ˿Ůˡ׿ġ
Цţȴּĸоʶ˸Ҳʧصش˼²ǿסСʣ˵ǣģ
԰ûڰ𣿡һЦ
һᣬҧסصͷңһȥˡ
һɱ¥ķ̨⣬Ѿɻ󲻼ԼС㣬æӭС㣡
졣ظ
Ѿ߼Ҵҷ鸮δ׷ɵȥ
ȥڰѾ߽Ÿ
ˡ
תЦһȤһֺܿҪˡôãȵһõˣ㿴ķĶȥ𣿡
㵣Ȱˣɿ϶һġˣ㡣
ʲôȻƢѵң̫ˡߣȥ
û뵽ķԽȤˣ̲סѣͳƺ̫ˡ
ʲôѽֻҸӡˡ
ȥķˡһߣƺڽϣɺ½Ҷһᣬ½Ҷ߷ߵıӰο˵㣬ǸŮ֪߳ܡ
û
״Ҳ˵ҾǹơȦס
ȦסڶУʶضһ£ͻȻֹһ½ҶæסŲʣ㣬ôˣ
ûûСǡȥһᣬͻȻתʣأ
˱˴˿̯̯֣ɻش𣺡֪Լ˰ɡ
ԡǶá˵᲻ƻʲô£
ҡͷҾòôƻ󣬷𣿵ǰġ
ҵ
ͷҲ²ֻּСãҵķԺδʲôġ
üǶŵܾͷЩȴץס˺һ˵һظˡҶӣֵ㣬ҲǡӦһ°ɡ
һ
صߣҲû
ʼ磬Ȩһûиȥοֻʾ½Ҷ͡
ʱǽʧԶβ˾ܿվסţԶΡ˼
˿֪β棬ǾԻصӱ˼
һ仰ȴһʱûͷ
˼޽⣬ͻȻӰվʱ˼ǣһ¾ӰĦѩõĳëٰӰշѩãȥ԰ɢ
ѩ䡣վӣһд
š
ȥˣ
һ㶡ѯʣһѾ߼ææܽˣϲܽԺˣҪҡ
һŮȴֻüЦӭ˳ȥ
ϲˣϡѽ
ͻˡҵӲСܽȥˡ
ȥҡԸһ䣬˼ģؿ˵䣬ϲƬ̰ɡѾȥҡ
ðߣǼװص䣬ɫòĵӰ񻬹佱á
ЦˡҲͷ÷ա
ݣװİ裬ʱ伸䡣䣬öӰ񻬹棬ڵİ衣
̻Ƭ̣շﱧѩûˡ
˼ѩá
رֿ˵ӻѩ׺ëȹеİóˡ
ѩõĳëǽһЦǰҶϲãү͸о飬ʹ졣
üɫشһ̩ҶιģرѩˡƵػص﷢Σ˰಻סڵļʣҧסãԸѾȥҪһյ
ʱ󣬵ˡ͵ǻ˳
Ѿ߳ȥݺݵ˵ʲŴӾ˵үֻѩ͸Ҷˡҿǹƻү͵ģΪҶˡ׮ºȥҶǶˡ
 

506 Ĺ

ܿʳиˡʱϢͻ򸮡
ϣĳ˳صݳһֻӣһҽտɡܷģͷƢڻź򡣡
΢˾ܿһʲô밤򣿡
ҡ˾ܣ֪ʦҺθɣѡʦֵĴ
סڣһڣûغƻظԼտ
Ȼĳֻջֻӡʱ߽ͻصš
𿪿꣬ĳŵݸ˾ܿգƲ˵ǻˣܲȴǸѹûҿҲǴŮĶǽڡǸ
ע⵽ϲӣ˾ܿЦüʣ˭
Ŷ㲻֪ġǸԶĶϱǣûšĶӽнڣš֮ǵҲˣͳТķˮ𣬲һܷˣȴͻȻص鸮ͶĸŮһ
ĳֻذǵϸ˵һ飬ҫһ¼޸˵Ĵ⣬ְԼݳɽڵģȥڨ¶§
û뵽ôۣ˾ܿվ֮ЦӧǸĻ쵰ˣȻ˼Ҽ޸ˡ
ꡣ⡣ǵġʦңһķȥκĳЦŰķǵһ飬ٻ֬
ĳϸ˵ǷʱϬѰķǡڷϣԼա
ķǣ
ͷҲء
һЦ߹ȥһıôţһһƣʹͷµˤȥˡ

ˣҾǿ˳ۣܡ
г𣿡
ߣŪɧҾǿ˳÷򡣡
ⲻѣתʣɼʱ÷ˣ
̫˽Ȣá㲻֪ѽ
£
Ȼˡ
ķȷʵ֪ɰᵽḮ˷ɢ˾ְĴգ˳شöӰӰղӰ򾣬ἰͻ¡˿ķ£¾ȡ
ȵɫαʣǲǹϵܺȢҲ㣿
ҡͷֻ֪Ӯʲô䱦µû˵ϹǶƷ飬Ů޸Ʒͳ;˰ɡ
ҾͲ֪ˡ

ˡ֪ˡʱףǰ׼һݺɡ
˦ͷķǳЦϸ߰㡣̯ݣɵþ⣬תʣô㻹ظ᲻ɱң
ûϣЦһɱʲôѽûôСߣȥ¥ǶƳ࿾ҰѼ൱óԡ
ƺסˣķ·¥ȥˡ
ڷ¥ҰѼʱֱصŮļǵػصȥϷѽյļŴͷβϸ˵飬û
ͷˣץסĸ׵ֱҡҡôˣǸعҾֵֹġʲôţ˵Ļļٵѽٳף⡭ʲôʱȢҽ㣿ѽ˵仰ѽ
ҡһӣͻȻ³һ˸ؿڣסͷƬ̲ŵ˵ŮĹ͡ǵ͡

үˡŪ̫С쿪ƺţ͵ؿЦЦһᣬתͷһɳ©Ҳȥүˣһ߽У
ʱٴСŮš
ܾŵֵǸ̫Զȥ˼ž˵ϼҵĵȤһ춼ô˻̽
ǰͷһ⡣ôչǵõȵܻࡣô䣬ùء
ŽıԹܾ˼
ʱһ̣ܾӽŽ̩Ǿ֮æ¤
磬̫ڼ磬үȥˡ
֪¸㡣˶˵ʱͻȻý̽иңǴġʱһ̹ŹرգȴŽ̫ԾСĻ״
һĪձµ£üæʣǽʱ״̬Σ
ʲôϲ¡
ĥţͷл
û̫ͣãǾʹշŻ԰ߡ
ţҡεķͻȻһշ͵һһʯͷ߸˭
飡
ʯͷ飬ȭֱշ
ˣ
շлһԶ̵Ӳӡ
ȭ
շҽһˤ˳ȥƲˣ֮̽ץǡ
 

507 ˲

Σ䣬Ӱһ岻һгǰ

סĲӣ˰ۡ
壡ˣ
һҪˣ˹ӳһֻ
ɢ
մˡ
ͣٵļ϶Ӱƿ
ȭӭ
ٴӲ
Ԯ类׻㵹Щˤͬһʱ̣߰˸
ץ̿ͣ
Ԯϵûսͷ԰ȥ
ֹܾʣû°ɣ
նæ壬һշﻹţͷ˵û¡ôˣ
ڵүϽӱҹڣ߻԰ˡ֪Լ˾ܾøĻǷأȥ
԰ߺ׽ʱӰǱ鷿ãΪ׵ĺǰֹܵķλĿһԵǽϡ
˼ſˡһ˶ŲͻȻƳӰ
Ȼֹ

Ӱ鷿ܳԾܡ
վס
Ļ׷ȥ
һ̺ƻ鷿ǰһ̫࣬һ
۷ܾ¶˿Ƭ̣ü˵ܹܣ²ڡǹѡٰɡ
ҪҪү
ûŸҪ١ӣʵۻġ
һݣɿصͷס
ܲصʱ׸ڿ顣ܾվһԣźڰе˼
ܾ߹ʣ˲Ᵽ
£ɱ˵ַϽɵġӭش
ˣʱϽŽӣǲȥɱ𣿡
ڵʵһ㶣ֻý͵Ϣŭ⻰Ҳô˵ģϱ̲ӽ졣
ðɡģʱɨˡӻ֣һŭ
ǡ
̧ʬ塣ٴξܾܲҸƫתʣܾģ
²ùŹ𣿽д磬ϲڻ԰Ϯ׷鷿ǱˡΪǵĿ鷿ɽѡ
ܲٿȻҲǣ
Ϊǵġ
Ϊǻʵģǽ
ɱ˵ַɱëҵһģһض˪ĲвöռǼȻ͵˵дһֱӧͨ²˪ѾͶӧ
ܾ˵ҵ¸ķؿЩҹŷڣ˾ʹˡ
£üܲ˵һͻȻԶһܾ֡ʱһҴߵš
£ӱ˴롣
Сǣͷܲ˲ΣղΣˣߡһŷڣܾһ»Ǹ汣
ӱʵӣ޲ܴǱˤǽǣץһһĴƿԺУʧõķӰŷռλĿء
һǽ壬ܲ󾪣ææһǻģʶ˿æСǣû˰ɣ
סҧסץסǿվƽһ¾²˵û¡£ҿ۾Ǹ˽Ҽһ棬ķ̨

԰ʱҶڣסҵ֡
ԣܾü˵£Щԣƺⴳ롣
򴽣ܲԸҽ٣ȻΪ֪ºͬһʱ̣ӱ˸иЦһš
ڸŮʲôܲԸ¤ʰȻǻصҸ󡣲ã½ҶɸԽ
£ҽôˣ
˴ӱҺãҺշҶһ£ӰŷҲȥžˡ

ҶǸ˾ġ
ٴһ½Ҷһ׹ʱŭõĿͽҴģ£ķ̨¥£·ʽ֣ر֡Ǳٰɣþ׸ȫѲ
˳䣬ҶʾܵܲҪëꡣ
㣬˵㣬㻹šѵôˣ
û뵽ᷢ£Ŀ΢ѹסŭ˵Ҷ԰ꡣǸ˿Ǵӱ׷ġķ̨ɱʦ֡
һ㶡
һ£ɰӦ޳Ǳصر׷ɱլլϮϮķһ˵ҽȥլʦ˵ҹϮլľ书ʦֻ߳һߣ˿Ӳʤȡ
ǰҺ֣ǿ׸Ҳѡһܾڻ԰ｻֵľˡ
 

508 Ӧ

û뵽˲ⱱ뺷ܲһʣѵྩ˴ù
ģɸһ˵еġպܻصྩ
Ǿͺá
˵ͻȻʣŷͳ죬Ҽǵӡ˵Ҳƺ֮԰լôԽԺĽ䱸״أ
һһʱ䣬æʣŷʱࣿ
ѣŷƬһ˳ȥһյĹûһͼ̯ͼָͼϵı˵Χǽߴ󣬴Ǳֻ΢ͰڵƱиڡһʮˣĸʱһΡԺѲһһΣӲϡ˵׵ġ
˿ɳ©ϸ˳ֵʱ˵Ҳ²Ӧ˶ڵǻ֪࣬͡Ӧ𡢽ʮϤܵǣ˽Ӧ˽Ż
û˳
ȴ¶µһ
̣
һе£ѲڸԺջ񡣵ʱӰ׷ȥ˵գۼ˾ʧˡ׷ϵ򣬾ӱľڸԺǸطͨԺԺϵСš˵Сʱ̾Ѿ˵ġ
һݣܲɵÿ߶˼䡰ڸԺİŷѲڸԺܾҶǸȥӦ
ǡ
ȥܲٴ£β̧ͷɡǣǾɵģ
Щͬؿǵش𣺡ƹڸԺĽ᲻֪һεģס
״ɾ˵£ǰ빬ء̸ˣΨͣ˰ʱһ²ˮ鷿㣬ۿ˽鷿Ҳ鿴ĴߵѰܵ²˽Ķܾˡͬı㲻Ҫˣϰɡ
ǣأ
Ϥ統ҹңʹˡϸ֪Ů죬Ψõͼǽ˳̽ǵĻ໻ڣ˭ĵġ
ܲĬˡ
ﰲһʱûѹֵĳĬ½Ҷˡ
£ڹԺ﷢ۼϽŵ˨һָӡѪһӡ׷飬漰Ժλ£Ѿߡޣ֪
͵̧ͷһᣬܲߡ
һʱ䣬Ժﰧһءסйǣʮ˸ˣЩǮи㣬Щ̰ͼڣʹһµָڸ£֡
û뵽ŷգۼץڹ֡شʧɫǰ˵ŷΣڵվݺˤ˲豭ָı̱ƹ˵ʲô˵ʲô˵ǲǿ˵һжǸɵĺ£ȴ߼޻ң
ְû˵ָʹġйġΪʲô⣬֪ǲ⣬Լ¸ǰȥ͡
㡭
̻͵ԼڹαظԼҲأ
죬һʱˡ
ŷһ֣ߡ
ۼѱ͵˦˻ǯƣߵ˸ͷū澸ҪΪū澸үִء
֣
ֱˡ
صϣץָλز
벻ͨ߻İΪλ¶ߣŷôգۼͶѰĹԺ
ʵϣ̽ʵ顣˾ܿżǣɫġһɽܾȴϷԸ˶̽鷿̡޹ɴƵȥӱɧţȴǰ̽ķӰͣ򶷵ļ϶㱻ŷ׷ϡǣ߽·ӽԺִټЩۼ
ʱʱˡ
صӱվڴǰ˼յһЩľȴ֪дӺζ
ãһƣɱķǵİˣͻȻĸŮ鷿Ĳ֮ͣⱵˡʶ˸Īڵʡ
£
͵ش˸ͷ﷭֪ôˣ˵ҶʣΪʲôôʰЩ
һ͵λȫժװһκУҶ
Щԣһʱ䲻ִ֪ӺδѡҶһûغĸšʣ˵Ǿ˾µġ
 

509 һϷ

ʰʱˡ룬˽ϸϸһص˯¡
ܾòúܣû˯š
îʱδ컹ܺڣɲסˣݲϴǰԺȥû뵽첻ʰӣܲЦ§ס˵ŵɡ¡ŷѾ°ŷأԺ󲻻ٷˡ
˵£ʱࡣһҲ

ܾôյ͸ԼĲԾԵһҪѸʰãź÷ٻٵķٻ٣ǰϿڹܵʱó˲ӡ
һ࣬ʣ˵Ѳ飿
˵б޻Ϊá
֪Ϊ˽ţܲ˼һ£ס
Ǻܿ¤鷿һ鿴Щ빣ָǸԸյǸȥܾǶѲءһæµһʱ΢ģֶܲ۳ʲôһҪڲ֪ơͬʱŷ˰ѿ͸ɼˡ
ٺø£ܲȥϳˡ
ȵϹʱ񲿵ļ밲ţܲ룺£˾һϹ㽫ҳϣճɫܽߪΪɽ½Ҷ£ߪΪͳϽ˾
û뵽Ȼ˾ľȺԲĿ¡Զšι΢΢üκ˼Ϲ¾֮࣬¶
Ȼʵ۱̬ܲ˵£Ҫ׸Ͻΰҹ˴볼ܸɱˣⱵ˼㡣׸ȴϽɵġϽŷʱ̲ȴûץѲڳɱ˷Ż̲Ѵ̡¾졣
û뵽һתͷͰѾ׸̲ˣ
Ͻţʵ۵΢һվڵŸӧΰ䣬ϽŵҪӽץ
ʧְּ
ߵܣ鰸в鰸˳㲻Ҫż
ǡ
赭дش˵ܵܣʵ۶ľټһʣѯ£ɢ˳
ڳˡʵ۲ӧô£ǴأȻɱˣ
£˪ϻϧδ̽ͱ̫෢鼱ֻ֮ɱһˡǰȥ顭ˣܾ
ʵĿһ
½ҶҲȥ˵ǵס˴룬˵ˡ
ٴһȻʵϸʣһ̫༱ææ񣺡£̫ȥ
Ŷ˭̫ǰ
ʺл
Цӧ˵£Ȼ̫£ȥΪá
߰ɡ
̫Уءʺվšʵ۸£ûʲô£ڼϲּ
̩أ
Ѿȥ롣
á
Ǻܿһڳͷһȴȥ̫ûһᣬ̩ˡҲڣһ磬£üȴЦ˸񣺡̫밲
ܲɡ
ǡ
ܲ£̫˵˵Ļ˵һ顣
ǡҪ״۾ֻ̩Ǽٳסһմ磬붼ͳ˵ķ˾ǳ檵Ľ㣬̩֪ǴͨһϷƭ̫£Ŀ
һ
˲ץסָݺסԼǿԼסһ̣ͷκ˷ӿᴩǰȻµնĴڮΪΣ
Ϊ˹۲ҵķӦ
Ůһ˵ǺֶΣĻ
ûиض˵ʲôĸҹ빬Ϊ˰Ĺ͸ܹƾ˼ӷ⡣
ƣǺƣ
ǣôģԣ֤ݣӧˡѵѵǶúģ
Ҳԡү󣬵ָͥʮ΢û֤𣿿֤ʲôأ
һ˲ӿ˼֤ͣϣĿסõĲƺҪϿߡ
ݵļžܲڵվڵʣʲô˼Ȼڮٱĺڣ
ûܲʣĻش𣺡ºαǲǵģԼ֪𣿡
֪ĵܲһ
ȴˣҺүô֪ģǼʱҳ˹ϵڿ˵Ǹȴһ֪ǲǽѪˣ
Ƴһ½ЦһҾ͸Ϊʲô統գ̫¶޸ɣŵܵܵϽ֣Цáգ¶ȥķ̨ʹ½үҲȥķ̨㣬̫¶ˡ֪Ϊż֪˭óǵ¶ߡУ̲һգȻ˸¶ȥ̲̽ӡɵȥˡ͹ơ
 

510 ֤ݺ

ӽֳܵ׸ܣٴӴ̲յķ̨ҹáĸ׸ߵ׮׮һĩʣ̩£Щ֪𣿡
֮ǰܲȷʵ֪˵֪
´ȡ븮Ĵй䣬ȴʲô֪ǹء
ļ̱ܲüһŭ㲻Ҫָɣ˵ǲȷ»д֤£ʵҲδ˵Ƕ볤һֱһȢ檵Ĵⶼó̫Ԥȴ֪ڸģղ䱾ڮ㣬áΪǻͿָﱾѳд
ŵۺ淢һͨƢܲת˵̫󣬶ִֻóȷ֤ݡ
ԣ̫һ۶ӡ
ʵʣ֤𣿡
£檵Ľɱб϶֤ϲºܿѲءɣͳ֪Ѳδ
ߵܣ˵أ
£νòͲ顣ò֤ݣϳ͡
áӧѲ飬Ҫʵ赭дһ¡
ּ
ӹƣӧתȥ
Ĺд磬ҹ̽ӧļƲߡ̽ǣȴһʱż˳ƶΪŵĶӧ֪ĸŮҴ빬ظһ˸šѶ缱裬ֵϣ˰͸¶Ļ˹ȥܹᴩһУɾ˽յĻ״
տӧУʹĽӧ׼ضԼʾãȻ˳ץʵȻһ̩̽һϵĸʵ
˹ţӧһ·̩ºլ˸ֱḮãΪ̩һϵѲ֤ľܾ
ʱӱ¿дȻʵĸѹʡѡΣ»ʵǻŻص۶Ӳ뵳档
Ƭ̣ӱ¿ʣʱ㿴½Ҷòء
һЦ㣬ͱˡܼ޽һƷɼ˸ˡԭȷʵ޸Ǯ¿ģ˼Ҳѽ
ǵǡҷСǹ˵ϵģ
аƽù˵̫ȥ˵ϡʱֻ˵̫½ҶѡõģʾػʵùòǼǺ½˺ü꣬ǵá
һǶƽʹӣӱ¿û˵ܼҽˣͳŽү
û뵽ӧֶֶӱ¿ţҴ߳š
һ̺󣬽ܾԺ﷭䵹
ͬʱ˾ܿմŽ·լլֻţ̴ɨѳȥһӦȫѲصӰפأһ
޹˾ܿʣķأ
ˣҼҹӽһλعԼ˿ȥ¥һĵطҡ

ɫŹ֣˵Ǿȥ¥ҰɡԸ˾ܿסҡͷ˵ˡˣǻȥɡ
ӧĽͷû׷ʡ
ߣ˾ܿһ뵽ķֺһѻ֡ɹ˼䣬ֲܹȻϽȥ鷳
һߣԭѾ˰º˸顣ЩΣɵؿʵʣˣЩ˻Ϊη˲أ
Щȸ͵ġʱ򾭳ˣ˭
ԭһ㶣ڨڨƬ̲˵Բסû뵽үԷġ
ˣѽͲˡȻʣʱûظɫƷ档󲿷ְﱻȥ˷ңξ͸ˡ
Ƭ̵½ȻʸǰĳţԭӧȽһ£ûġ
ʱһ̣ӧصʱӱ¿ܾҲּ
õУӱ¿ͱԹ̫ͳɣΪ֮ӡ̫ӱ
̫šüʣôˣ
ͳɱܾģ˦ӱ¸ǰʵ̫ˡ
ԭӧŽḮѲ飬ܾѶ˻ûҽǰ裬ѰҪصСõӡ
˭ϣԺĺͻȻɣŵһıն룬Ѫܵˤӱ¿ǰŵòᣬӱ¶ʱͲˣпʵֶʬ״
ӧɵĺ£̫ҡͷӣ˵ˡ
״ʵۼʵʣӧôḮȥˣ
 

511 

£Ḯò顣̹Ȼشӧתӱ¿ǸȷʵʧˡֻΪ˳塣ʱķΪʲôһʱɱѣ뿤
֪ʲô£ܾһƳʣͳ죬ɷʲô
ָϲ̩¼ٳף˽飬˴̫ͨ󡣡
Ȼָܾ㵲ѣԾüעɫ仯ӧʣܾסǶûʲô𣿡
΢٣˵ͳ죬Ƿ˼ʲôߣ֪
ӧҪʣȴʵʴͳȥѲ飬ʵ֤
ŶûС
ʻô˵
бһۣ˵͸λξƾ֤ͳ죬͸ҽһֻӣһͱ£ڲͬ
˼һ£ӧش𣺡ӱζ̩ͣϲޣԲ֤󡣡
һѲں
ζг
⻰һ˵ﲻҪҧˡûеģȷ¡ΪմѪӾ׸ȡغ˻붼ͳˡӵʱ򣬵¾ڳ˵˽ܣ»ǵ𣬾ǻҶ򻤱۵һա
Ƭ̣ܲˣͷ˵̫ȷ¡ȥĳ߷żҶѡ̸ۡ䣬һֻӸСǡ
˵ţͻȻ˵Ļæ䣺ʱΪ˿˵ҺǮΪ⡣֮˵ĸ׺úüȥΣѲƣ׬˺ܶǮ
ôһ˵ȫζˡ
ܾһЦĿ¶ȻȴסһʱȻ
ŵеĸɫ˵ȣݸ̫󣬶Ҳ߷Σ붼ͳȷʵܻ⡣ӣ̩ڳ˵˽ѽ
ף̫ʣԼ˵ɡ
΢ˡ
Ѳ޹֤֤ޡòʵ֤ݣӲɴСȫʵ۵顣ʢ裬˴ʵδػ̻ġ
˶ڵġ
ͷҧסãͻȻ̧ͷ˵£檿ɶʡ
׼
ɺܿˡһǽøľţͷ΢ݣе΢ȭס
ʵƬ̲˵ɣ˵ԳƵķĽ㣬нͣ
лһ˿£ȴüɻؿʣγԣ
Լ֪𣿡
֪ʲô
תҲرܡ
˴˵һᣬͻȻʣ㣬㲻֪˭
ı͸ŹŹ֣ٴָ׺ݺݴ˼Լס䵭ػش𣺡ʲô˭
ߣ㣬㲻ҪװˡҲһڡ
һﾪ
˵Ŀˢˢϡ
͵ش˸
ֱضһᣬһЦСүҲ֪ôġƵڵáЩ˵ģòԱ䣬ϣͶϸ΢Ѹı䡣ҽǸˣᰮϱˣǸˡ㡣
֪ˣ԰ɣǣһĨЦЦƺ˷ܣƺԹ
õĹŹɫһ㶣һ˲һ²⻬ԺһͫףҧгݵɭȻʣ죿
ûش⣬תԻʵ˵£ˡ£һԲεӡۡӡۿưԶĻռǣ˵ʱ˵ġСϷһݺۣǱҧġҼһ״˺ۣ˵Ǳʸˡ˺۲ƭˣ֪ˡ
⻰һ˵Ŀ޲Ī
ȵؿɣ̲ܲסʣô֪˺ۣ
̩£ǽ˺ۡ
£˺ܴô𣿡
˿ܵܣʵ۾ʣɣԼ˵
£ǰ̣ϻкܶ˺ۡ޷˻Ǻԩ
⻰˵еۣ֪ǲ飬ϡӧĶһᡣ
ͷһתӧ˵£˿½˿ǺԵġȻ֤ݣò顣ǰ
£ʬģֲʬ壬ͳ̫Źˡ֪βɻأܾæץסϡࡣ
ʵۿ˿ˣҽ
ҽɿˣΪ׵ٴ
й񣬻ʵʵٴֳľεú𣿡
һ̩ڣٴֹת˵Ѱ˿ڳǾβŻ°̺ۡһһ̺۳ξͺƽǼ˿ڡ
 

512 

ϸ˵¾˵ӧ΢һ»ʵ۾˵Ժ˺о飬ˡɣɡ
˶ΨǴޣƺš
ƺЦһ£ͻȻʣˣû⳥
⻰һʣڽԴ㵡
ش𣬾һЦ붼ͳǸˣ¿϶ЩǮƣõóġ
лֹ֣ҽƫȥͥδڳĹŮرܡ
ٴΰ
ܲһƽţȴȻץסְסġǶŵ棬ƺ⡣
Ĭţʵۿһᣬٿ磬ͻȻʣСǣô˺ۣ
檲֪
㣬µװô᲻֪أ
ûش
̫һԲֻŽµĽٿܲ˼ӱ¿Ȼ۲ŵۺ˼š
һ̺ٴ߻صй£붼ͳϹʮߴ˺ۣȫǱ޺ۣ˺۳ֵʱ䲻ᳬ¡̣ƲǱ޴¡
ٿȻ̧ͷٴܡ
ͳ죬ᶼͳֳλҽѡ

绹ûڵʣ߻ˡĿбӵʵ˵£ԩҪ⳥
ô⳥
Ҫ⳥һƽ𡣶ҳһլӣ鸶ǮһҪ
Ȼʵ˵ͻȻתɣʧУܣܡ
ƺʧ̬ŵɵһ̯̯˵ĸˡ˭㵽׷ʲô£ǻ˼÷ڱϡ
ʵȻ
ûעʵ۵ķӦʧصضŴһ˹ȥһץס½קУڣĻ쵰ϵ㣬Ҳϴģġ
֣
ǣǡ֪ʲôĵĹһʧȥ˷ִ磬˰Ƭ̣˦תͷʵ۽е£ų檡Ǹǽڡݣ˺ۿα죬һ˵̬ϸ΢һһСϰߣĲ˵ġ檵Ľ֪ƭ̫޸̩ǼٳףǾǴͨƭǡң̫󣬳ûѣų檣
״εĿߣۺû
Σӱ¿ӹһ˿ĪĹ⣬ڵ̫ӱ̩һ⡣
ʡ
̩£ҧϲʵʣ֪ϡз̥ǣһģ
ܲһɴ˿̾΢ӣֻúһش𣺡ûС
ϲ˵ƾɸ
Ȼɣɡ
̫
̫ڰ֣΢¶
ӱ¿̫˼ʱ˸ġǲǼٳףֻҪŮԷӡǣټŮǷӱ֪ܲ󣬵ۺ󲻻İϷֻίˡ
Žȥ΢һ£¶һ˿ϣ
˶̣һߵ̫ߣ
ţ̫΢ͷ
˳ʱ߻صУһã̫󣬳ʻһ⡣
ʡ
֪г˺ۣ
Ҹ֪
ߣҲ֪ûгף֪ϵ˺ںδ״Σ㣬Ҫ㣬ô֪ģǡЩط·ס£οü
һ
ü⣬ݺݵڲ֪ԭڹﵱȻҹ㡣ʲô£ҵĺá

Цǣˣ빬̷¡ﵽ˭仰̺һӴڻʵ۵ϡ
һ͵ػعŭӿָŽıסڣ㲻ҪѪˡҼʱŽڣʱˣԼܲסҺθɣ׽꣬˿̳˺һʱ˵©졣
⻰üһЦŲָڵػؾ˵úãû¿סúãʡҾͺһͷԵѡ˸ǡԲ֪ܵĹŮôûüȢأȢöãǶȫ淸ݣһ֮أ
һ񶾿̱˼㣬ֱҭֱۡ淸ױ覴ãôһ֣뽭ڵǣգۼ۵㡣
һᣬ˻ŭ߳Ÿ֮ءͽھһ·ɫ㽾ʲôΪи˾˾˲ˣʲôõġ
һʱ䣬Ϊһ˵ͥϷķת˿Ŀɿڴ
 

513 ɨѩ

ڵض˶̣̫İסڣסڣһʲôóģ
ԣŮͬʱһ١һתת˵̫󣬻﹬ʲôйϵĶҪΪ¹ɼǵǰּ̫Ѳ顣
вʲô̫󣬳˵ľʵû֤ݣҽ㲻ֶΣ̫졣
ʲôֶΣ˵㹬ܰɣҪΪβѣ
㡭Ǹӹһ˿̼
Ƶץס̫󣬻̹ʲôѲ飿Ϊ˹е򣬲һ顣
ʵ۾أ
ɣʵĿһ棬ȥ
ūּ
£
˵öԡʲô

һΰˡ㷣ҶԣֻץסָǿԼ򶨡
ûȶã߻һ
£ڻ޹ҵһӵĻ񡣡
ʵһ䣺򿪣
򿪣һƾ˵ǽڡʮ߰ʱ򡣵ʱϲ̫߷ء
䳰Ｋƹʣû뵽㻹Ϊѹֹô껹
˵ղصġ
ﲻҪˡұ˳ģĻҲҪҴţűµѣ۾
ץǼݵذóһ٣˳ѽڱһǴܻƤ
类ƿԣʵˡͽȷʵһιػԽԽѻɭȻʣ⻭Ӻζ
û뵽˻ͷһţͨ£檣檴ˡŻΪŽڣֻǣֻǡ
ʲô廳ɳúˣȥŵֵȥšڶţȥţʲô
ûеģû¡
ûУ㾹Ҷѡۿм٣
û뵽ʵ۾ȻԼľֹʱ״εر⣺ǵģûǻ¡ˡ
ᣡɣԼ˵ȥΪʲô
Ȼ·תȴҲû뵽ʵ۶һнңæ˵£÷һճ빬ʱᶼͳͬСڶţʳõ£رܣס˳䡣Σʳ˭ٴλرܣץסĴΣͬΪΣ֪
һɣߣ֪㡣Сǣøõ
γʹ²þ檼ǵðٻʱѩ֣ȥɨѩ
ô˵ʵʣأ
´͸檡
ʵĿ¶ζá
л¡лȻ̫Ǹתߵů¯ǰ¡𣬲Ƭֻ̣ҽ
û뵽ڷ˻񣬻ʵʣôˣ
̧ͷĿ糾ͻҷˡ䵭ɲǼ޲ƺеͷŭǰѻɢ١
ɲתۿ΢΢£ü
Ȼı仯ü˶Щ㶡һ»ʵ۲˵ڮ٣˽淸ϳ͡Ϊ澣ڰٻɨѩʺź󹬣µȥá
ҡͷʺӦǡ
󾪣˲ˣ޽У£ԩ˵ʵҪų檵Ľƭѽ
ڰ֣̫˰硣
бۿţת˵£ԩ⳥
£ҲҪͳ⳥ܾ⡣
ǣʵƬ̾˵ɣǺܻӪˣϹŮ⳥ǧƽ𡣵ҪӭȢ£ǽãȴһˡһ䣬һӧ˵ӧ˼ҵķһɱ̫çײˡܾĶǮ
£ǧƽ𡣡
㵣ʵ׷˵ӧˣ
쵰ҪۣӦд⳥
粨ȥˡ
ܲȸˣûǡͬƺȤ
һǰһıӰ̫˼βſӣʶϵĻǼ٣
ʵһ㶣ĸ׵˼ĥƬ̲˵ȷʵ֪ںǸ֮¡鲻α
ȷʵûαҾú֣ʵòʲô֤ݣΪȷɺͽһˣ

ȸô°ɡţ˵
 

514 

ۺ˼뿪ʹ͵ǳȥʼûпһۡĿıӰͷЩġνܾͣ߻ˡ
һˣסļʣĹ˼ҵӣ
ûС
ˣû£Ϊο
٣Ҳ޹ءҺòã
˵ʵˡ޹˭š˵⻰᲻ᷢ쭣
Ȼתһ˵Ϲȥ˵˵ûһƿҩ㣬еľˣۼҩڴʵҲ򲻵ġ
һܾһһûȥ
ҪȢģҪһ㡣
Ŀ¶Ȼҿûͬ⡣
óѣɶʱ⡣Цһʣʵû֤ݣΪμҴҵظ״
ǵԡҸ㣬ĸŮŽЩܸ϶˵ġտƾֽ䱸ɭϣʲôšΡƾЩֻѸײڶܲ鵽Ͼˣһ׼أĸŮһʵ൱Ϭϧ˰벽ǽСǲѸ룬µ鷿Ĺ뷿δѲ
ͷǵǡ׼ȷʵм΢Ҿûġ
оаɡˡ
룬һתסļиĽңʦһıټԴˡ
֣Ŷáʲô棿
Ҹ㡭ɰ˽ṬŮ¸
⹴ҧ䣬Զǣ˵ǣǵΡܾȻʴͳҪǧ𣬾Ϊһֻëġǿֶ޿ѽ
ԭЦһǲͳб³ǡƣܱQˡ
áҸɣ㶢ܾˣҶд󹦡
áҲֹһᣬͷȥ
ʱӧ˸ʵ˸ԶȥǧƽǸڣڸɡ
ķŵԪլ˳ȥˡ
ţʱ
ʱǰ󡣡
һİĻ쵰
ӧڸķǣЦӯӯһֻҫǲǺܺÿ
ֻӣķǾȵģ
˾棬ʱ֣˼͵ġûɣ
ץӿַֿ˷ëķ򴽾˵һμϡ档͸Ұɡ
롣ӣʣһϡ£ҽ졣
һתЦʮ죿
׼Ҫۡ
ʮ죿
ι۵ģ
Цһ˵ֻ죬һͳãҶ죬Ż㡣ѭѭһһת˵ĽԵú֣ûС
ǹĨǵ˼ҵ֡
԰δ֮У̯̯֣Ŀ¶޹
һۣװ˼һ£Ϊѵظ㡣ҽ䡣
䣿ܺ𣿡
û
Ҳɡ
һ㶣عİ֣ôˣ
ɰѽ˵Цţ˵ҸһܡݴǸ̨󷨣书ԽߵӰԽѰ˾û¡УƺǸ̨ʲô󷨵Ҫܿ
̨ӿԴ򿪣
԰
ϲ˸ۣȻٸʵס
ĥĺ˳ػظˡķǱŲߡլԶб߳һˣ˾ܿաƼãĿһ
ô⣿
ģ

һȭķǽһЦҲֻֻá
ۿҪӣ˾ܿһæȭпһٴӵȭͷǰ
쵰
ŭȭΪץӡ
׹ܿһΰӵݵȭͷ¡
û뵽ƣ˾ܿվŭӣǹ˼ϲãҴǻһʱš
һᣬ˾֣ܿݺݵķһֻӺʲôӢְۡӷ£Ҵһܡ
ЦһؾҲӢۡбȴӡ
ث֡
ҲԼġʲôСˣӢث֣͸װβʲôã
û뵽ôƤ˾ܿ
֮ǰ⣬鷳Ҿˤӡʱ϶ƢŮ˾ϻǲҪΪá԰ɣ

֮һ䣬ʩʩȻˡ
 

515 Ц

˾ܿ߷ߵߣķȻլڣ󣺡糣æȥˡ
ſһƤëϣҡβ
֪ҡβʲô˼תķǽϲվ˵ͻȻֻá
һһһʦ֣㼸ʱ͵ģ
סڣһѵô˵ģҵӡûƽѾܺ˵ˡҪʦܣҴ֡͵ӣҼʱ͵ˣ͵
Ȼֻ̯̯˵ˡֻһֻӡҲԣҵǸ˰ɡǡС˵òˣô⣿
ӧ͸䡣øҿš
Цã̲סʦ֣㳤ɡȷʵǸҾԼϯģѾˡ
һۣΪôɫ𣿡һãķǽƻһЦֻӣӰϢӰ϶ӦõǴôˣ̫΢ˡȴһضֱӽӴӰġ
Ŷ
⣬֮ǰǸ쵰Ͳլ鷳ҿضȹ֮٣ҽƣͲҶˡ
һ˾ܿѻı飬ķǷЦ棬̫ˡЦƬ̣ԸѦֽһӶ͡ʹһԾȻֽϣ
ûԵõһЦѦ˰ѻ͵ѩչϲǣ跨ѯһµصĸԹ󣬻˭پӺְǷ׷һλŮٴһѩչУһλŮΪ
ǡѦӹ
ţɲɵ˵ʦ֣ĻôãΪʲô֪
òϣҪ֪ʲôСǰӰû
Щ飬ԥһͰָأ淭תľϸ˵һ飬Ȼյش¶ͷĺʲúȥˣ⡣
ķҡҡͷ̵˵ޣúܵġݳŹ֡
һʱצӱʾͬ
˰ɡ˼ҰæҪͶáԣһ½ڸ磬ûӰڲϡǱкô
ѭѭһᣬһԾʧϡ
ɫˡɶڣԷˮŴ񡣻صӱһԲüѹɢȥ
ΪʲôΪʲôأǰʱػΣƫͿŽգȴϳˡ̬԰һ˵ϸ΢ϰߣ̬ѸıģҲѲصסȴʲô
ȥǰԼԽӶյشͷ֪ԹǱˣ
ǱԼѵһԼ鼸
ϵóˣϲ촹һֻڻȪ·ϰûˡ
﷭ȥص˺ܾãٴ̵Ľ¶ʡ
ס̫סˡҾͲȥġˡòҲֻǸзɶôء
ԼһᣬͻȻʼ
Ľڣ
Ǹ˵
ѹһ쵽ؾ㣬϶Ĵϣ㻹ȥҰѼʲôóԵģ
ԼԼܣͻȻоЩһץһëޡһ˲һֻϣצ˼£Ȼתת飬ҡҡβ͡
㵵ؿӣβɵЦһ£ëʣôˣ
󡣡˳ؽ˼ָָԼָָլķ
һᣬƺһЩҡͷ˵ҲԼͣ㣬ǡ
ú֣ץץͷƺ˼һֽ˼
ĲȥҲȥġû¡
Ŀ¶Σٴ˼һµͷˣûһ֪ӺδһƬҶҡҡȻָָԼ
ɻùҶһᣬʣҶʲô棿
ƵشͷһױȵؿЩ鱦ΣһʣҪӰ񣿡
һ֣͵һͷ
óӰݸ˵ȥˣûЧ֪ȥɡ
һգˡ
£һᣬپôˡƬ̾ͿųȥԸò衣
һڳˣ˲ѣ˵˳Ե㶫ɡҪһ
ܵıٴסĪغ˺Ȧš
һֻ̺ɾİףס
ھǿġ
ԭıԳ˿ζ
 

516 

һᣬǷסʵ̲סǣʣ׳ʲô£ǲǶС̫ǰ״
ĬĬҡͷ
ʱҶ˽
ˣүˡ
죬Щûɵվӭ˳ȥ
ɫܲЩӣһ²˵ʲŹﴫּ̫˵ʱҪЩԸǳϦ꣬ҴͲͬС
⻰͵ȻʵףʵϦǶ
ǰŷ˵û׼ǵɽ׼ҹ̽鷿
ʱᣬü˺һ˵ȥҶǶɡ
ôҵȥȥûػشţ¡
״߹ȥ˱裬Ȱ£ĺܹġǰȥǶ˵ҶֻѩáϢ϶ȥˡ㲻ȥǴҵĻԣ
ţһ㶣̧ͷʣѩòɰΪʲô͸Ҷˣ
ͷʣȻشңΪʲôȢҶ㣿
ʵһ㶣ܲ˵ʱҾܷԸŮ޸ҡҼΣᰲƺܶ£Ӧòܷͣ󣬲Ӷһ

Լ֣ܲԾʧԣεЦЦ§ס˵Ҳԣ˰ɡĻܰϣҾôСǣȥѾȥپˡһúö㡣
ûȴһ˽ڣԼá
ڣǲҲģû¸ɣȥã
ǶǷģ㹴һһ̫ˣ
Žڵֹ˺һƿ˵ʳˡϷԣ㿴㣬һҲࡣܵΪٷ㣬뻻ʵģ㶼ȢˡȻͲȢƽ׵˼ҵҶĺϲ㣬ĵġŮ˼Ѳ⣬ȴǸ£Ϊβϧǰأ
ܲһ㶡
Ŀ¶棬ǰѶҶ˵Ĺ۲ϸ˵һ飬Ȱ¹Ϊӣϰȡ󡣵ЩӣΣŮӸ˼ΪãϵİΣϲ֣мˣΨĲȨƸǿǷ㣬ΪүΪܲҿóҶΪΪ˸ҶţҪ׾Ů빬αؼ޸Ųɲķգ

Ȼʣȹ¾óǵĻʺȹ֮ᷢ䣿
סܲò˵ô֪αװ
´Ӳĸ˼ҵĳϣô˵أװͻô꣬Ӳ飬𣿡
Ȼ
أԲ⣬һת˵ֳҪһЩӡҪһ˵̫϶ҵġ
䣿
԰ҪȥСӰɡУСһ࣬ܿɰġ
ԺȰ˰ʱȻˡ
ӱ⣬ܲվסһ¤˵ʲôأ
¤Ψһ֪˼ٳ׵ġһƣ̾һͻش𣺡£ϲרһδزǺ¡
һ㶣룬ƺǡҡͷƬ̣û뵽ˣҶ˾ϲӭ˳¡
һ۲еĻϲǵĮƽ
߽ܲͿֻѩڰϡʣòúÿ𣿡
ѩõĶ䣬ҶЦ𣺡õĲó檵һμӶǰɫɫһɫɫҲСɫëɫöˡ

ʣ£ֻѩǲõģ
΢ЦЦǡ˵ϲãһΪϹµġ
һѩ͵ģҶȸԾѣ˵ϲϡĶٸֻðɡѩþͺˡ
û뵽ϲѩã̲ܲסҡҡ
£˯ˡٶɡ
ЦסӰٺáˣЩͬӣĪҶ
ҹʱ֣ҶĻϲʣ£û°ɣ˵ǰԺ䵹񡣡
ֻС¡
ǾͺáǡͣһᣬͻȻ˵ȥǶɡ
벻ͨΪʲôԼϣܲ򴽾ʣΪʲô
̧ҶȰˣ˵ȣϾϾڳ˵ϻġ
δ뵽ô˵һָ̧һգЦʣΪҵǶȥҲˣ
 

517 Ǹ

˺Ҷ˴۽§סĲӣ˵ϣÿ춼ܼ£ǡܰﵽ㡣
§סܲһʣΪʲô޵أҶݣ빬ġ
ţһ㶣æ˵ǵġҸԭûô룬Ը޸£ûҪ빬ġ
ʢɫܣزɫʣΪǺ׷괺ůҶ˸ֳǰ԰ͻ
Ŀͷеһμеشڻ䣬פ㣬һصİڲס˿㡣һġ֪̩Ҷʫţϲֳõ˶ߣ֮븸ĸ飬Ϊ˴õĹŹͷԼҵĻ԰иңգܲЯͬ
ޣʶҶΪ˲ҡ
֮ҶԽؾܲܺáܾãŵԼΪΪֻǲ빼Լġϵ֮ˣ˳عӡ
ĸֽ㶼رɵɵΣ
֮һת˲ţΪν븻Ȩ⣬㣬кȤֵֵãڼġ
ܲװصĸ߹ѧܷܷĺȲԷŮģֻԼģعˣֻء
ųĵΣżĵĽܲԾ⣬̾һ¡ֱĸʲϲģͬ˳ȴǺ֮ǧ
ƻϨӱȴ˲֮͡
Ÿ淽Ӱ꣬ǾȵʣӰǣ˭
ӰһЦһ˵Ҿ˵㲻ôġһ֣£ժһߣȻһ񣺡Ͻ㣬ȥҴˡ꣬ˡСܡ
û뵽Ӧ޳ɻؿ˿ǸߣٿʣӦӺγԣ
м½㲻֪ɣΪǷţҴüڷׯ԰跹˼Ĵ翪ϸݲʵŴ塣ȥѰǼգų£ҲǸŵģȷʵ֪Ĵú糸š
ԾӦ޳Ҳģҧסѵյһһʮϸ˵˵һգϻˡҲ֪Ĵ˵ʲôػʹܵҲֵ̩ΪԺƾơһȥ֮ӧ˾ڳΧ׷½أ׸Ѳ߷
ЩĶǵɱǺ֪飬ֻɫס
ͻȻжӧ˵ʵۼ˭βץ˭Ҵˡ֮ǰ˸ˮҩǲӦ޳ɴɱٽɢ̩Ⱦ˹֮Ҳ˵˳Ⱦһжʱңְ׷һ˵˵ǰøԵҩʬɵĽҩ

УӰ͵ϢҲ鵽ġεЦһ£ץץͷϿҵ˵֮ҵĹСܸⲻǡԭҴɣҲܵġˣҺˡ
ûشһʣٽɢ𣿡
ûˡ㲻õġ
ˡ
֪ΪʲôûӦӦ޳̲סӰӰʵҲ֪̹ûôƣʣ޳ڷĴһ˵㻹ǰǸġ㣬ȥ¾һᣬ޳ȷʵдŬؽԭɡ
ͣãǿЦһ£޳ȥ͹ȥˡлҲࡣĿڶ࣬ͣ˲áذɡ
Ŷá㲻ˣ
ҡͷ
ϲӦ޳˸Ҿ˵˲ٺû˳ŷӰȥ
ĿˣûɵڴϷòŴϨ˯£ȴںڰֹۣס
ʲôҲŸ
ûϵΪô٣ƭ˭ء
㵹Ǵֵҡθأûأ嶯ëͺͻҶһ㲻ֲͬС
ԭ£
룡
Ӧ޳Ǹãôһôһ˵ŭϴܡһʱ䣬Ϊ˴Լжȫˣݺݵؾ
֪Լ˵æӦ޳˸߲ҵػصլ˵磬ʲȥϽ㣬˵˺ܶûԭˣҲ
 

518 ֽ

ؿ˵ʲô
ҸӦ޳ԼĻ¸һ顣
꣬ķǶʱЦǰϡЦһ˵޳α겻α˵޹ءû˵ϣ㲻ȥ˵ãһ˵Ӳˡʦܣıëˡ
Ŵһơ
ΨӦ޳ؿǣΪʲôأ
ѽû顣ԭͺˡǵ޹أȥ˯ɡ
Ĵ磬˵ǵôˣ
繴Ů˱Ͻ㷢ˣ˵ò

סڣʦֻ֣ˡһùЦôϲ֣Ϊְֳ̫ˡԺʦҪ㡣
ꡣ档ʦ϶ЦøӴ
һͣһۡķһˣҲΡö죬ֹӦ޳ĺģϰˡԼ̿ơ
ķҲȰ⣬еذӰŽһˮƬ̣óٰˮȵˢϣȻӷڻ¯ԶĵغëƤţٷ
ĵֽʱһĳȵؿ̾ԼϵӰ򾡣ȥƺǳָȥͷºҪƤꡣĹ췴ӦͷëĳæСųµǿ쿴ôˣ
ļ̧ͷ
Ŀ֮£Ӱ˾ܿζһӧļƬ̣վŴͷϣţȻƺˣͷغ̾
˱˴˿֪ʲô¡
ˣʾĳѺӸϣС͹ȥˡѷ̨߼ˣҾûѡϴӧڷ̨ˣض󷨵ѹµġӧҲ²ȻµĶڷ̨̩֪δ򿪣ֻ֪δʾ
ЩԲʯӧͷ˼
ԣ˾ܿվ˵䣬ķǵĻȫšҸȥլѲ飬ȴǰţû׼ǰ㵱ơû˵ķӼԼת˸䡣
ȵü⣬˼Ƭ̣ܡҰý͸ҷ̨£Ͷұܺáķ档
ɶķǸȤԶԡ
ﲼ֣峿Ͻļǵػ鸮
ˡ㱻Ϊˡ
ڵվһ˲һϣһ¶ˡ
̫ഫϹ⳥ɻƽȴ֪¡Ϥ͵ԼǷǣľ֮æ˴̽ȴ޹״ϽһȥҾģ˵˵غ˰գŴӦæ̽ӵ񳿲ŵ˾ʵ
Ų֪ãٲŻعʣʲô
Ͻҡͷֻ֪ʱ̩ʹ㶼ڹĲ֪˵ʵۻü޸ɡ
ٴһٷԸδȥСŮ
û뵽ɷ¾֮æĸ׵ķԸȥɡһͽֵˡ
޼ƿʩֻϹ¡
ݳˣϹĥͻ⡣Ŀߣüëһ̨ò˵ƽһͳ츮
ǡ
δʱị̃ӧϬá
һϹ²ʣ˵Ůŭ˱£ǳŮйϵʵڲ⣬ֻðͳ̡
ЦЦӧеƷһյʣһ£ϴ֪С뽭о𣿡
ͽڣϹǱˡ
״ӧüϴһ֪Ҹ㣬Ůָ֤淸ڣòκ֤ݡϲùԼδ򣬽Ϊ˸̫ͱ¸ǰòɿڻѳ˽ڵĻƫɣڴ֮ǰȥɣ¿ˡ¼ŭϲͷȥɨѩھڰٻɨѩ
۾ɵԲϹ¾˺ü꣬ôͻȻɳϣ
ӧʼ磬ȷʵ֮֡ǰĶ˴Сҹ빬ϴ˸˵ʲô
ü
νֻ֣ҪΪŮʧҲܺúûȥ
Ŀ΢Ϲ¾ʣһ£ɶ¶⣬޸أ
ؼûãҪñ¾á˽߾ȫΪǡǼֻҪŮóʲôͷӲУ֪ˡ
Ƭ̣˹֣лͳʾ
˿ˡ
ӧˣϹ¶Ÿűǰĺܶ¡ӧɵ̬ȣµһֵĹؼ
 

519 ͻ

ĥܾãϹ²뿪Ϭ˸Ȼ׷١ڰذԼŮǰ˵˳꣬ҪЦ
İΣϹ´Ķͷ˵ŮҲûʵ֤ݣȥ״˰ɡʱȴ߷磬ʺͼ֮߰סʵİѱȻ̫ǰʲôأͥѸײڶûдһʧǷҧһڣһ꣬ûѧþܸɣó嶯ûˡ
ٴס
ҲǴġǸʲôعʲô·ʲôϸһ֪ɵؽܣΪ˴͡¶Ǹͷƾ˼ǡ
һǴֻÿϴүҴˣҵĴô찡
µô죿ý˰¶Ļ͸ɡ
ǡ
ˡ㲻ڹɨѩ֮ʣ˹澡ᣬ͵Ÿʬɡ
µؿٰȥˡ
ʱị̃ýˡ
޵Ժ誷һѩˡԴӱƾʧ˳裬޹أϹҲ
ң֮һһǽܳ˶ĻӣҲûй̤ǳ޺󣬵õﰵӦʱǰ߶£ɴ誷ˣ
ʱһСѾ߼Ҵ˽
λ̣˵СҪˡ
ͬʱһ㶣ɵվתʣһף
ǸףҪС޹ȥ
㵣Ů˴˿޵üʣ޸һң
˵߷빫ӡڽǶ͵ЦأŸѾ߶ޡ
ϸһ飬޵Ѿ߳ȥ˵¹ֵúܡãܵЩӶںүΪá
š
ĺʱ֣ϽļǸϵḮ
ĻüܾЦ̫ˡɣ˵˰ɣӧ϶ߥŮġ̣Ҫˡ
׽֮ϲ˵Ͻ̰ƣ˵Ż¼ֱǺ֣֪ҵֺʲôԻ
걧Թ꣬һ̴߽үý붼ͳ
üܾ˵
ǡ
״Ͻһͷת𴦻رܡ
ý˺ܿ˸Ц붼ͳ˵̫Ͼ˲á֪æŹ񣬾Ұѻ鸮ȱү˵һլӸסšպ˳ˣٰòҵ١
ϴ˵˼
Ǻǡǵġ
ӹһ˿Цðɡ˵
ǡˡ
ýȥϽ̲߳Żֱüʣ̣Ǹջʲô𣿡
Ŷ¹˵ļǵܻɫѿȻܼԳҵƺȥ˸ʲôᡣʱظ֮˵ͻȻýˡ
һԴˡظãĽͳţƺ㡣
Ƭ̣ɶϽȲҪšصԺİض֪˻Ϲ»ȥӧֳ⡣
ܾͷǵġҶĻǶƽġϼҸŰŮ㣬ҶҪȢɡ˵ô죿
ûشŷš
ʱһ鷿óϽ˵ἰȻͣջءѩ͸Ϊ񡣡
ӹܲЦЦɣΪǵáƺֵǮ㲻߼ۣ
²ϲ
ȵȡ㿴޳⡣ҿЦҪûȥ
̯̯֡
״ܾЦע⵽֣ʣܾ˵Ҫֻĸҡ
㵣ֻ˵ӧɱˡ
⻰ɼɿشܵȥʱֻһƿˮˮīīƬ̣ܾʣܲд˷ţŷȥ򸮡
ŷˣܲɻʣɣˮʲô
ٺ١ӧܿͻѪҡ
ܲһ֣ܾˣѻ˵˳
꣬ܲסƬ̣ͻȻЦǰϣЦվסϼЦЦˣʣǳϦӵѾǼޡ˳ţ׼ôش𣿡
ֻɺݺݸܾһۣת˼ͷ˵½̫˵㿴¡¾Ǹ̽ӣ޸Ҳһġ̫һ㣬϶ͬ⡣
 

520 Ͳ

عζܲʱˣץ豭ŭҸѾˣ㻹ң͸Ȣ˭ȥʲôҰѼԳ˰ɡ
ס豭£ʼȰ£취ܺõģ㡭
û˵꣬¤ߵţ£ϲˡ
һ
˱˴˿ܲ˵ˡС˵¡
졣
ܾȴЦʣҪҪ
ɣԼɡȻʾ¤š
Ǻ߽ܿɣЦӯӯʣ磬𣿡
ꣿ
ԡ̫˵Ҫ֣ԸȫءʱһСһܾǿȥġ
ŵֵʱĩ̲Ż࣬ϲ
һüֻо͵£˲磬㻻ɣſո֡
Ϊʲô
Ȳ㡣ʱ򣬵²סܷܷעȥġĽʶȥϵ磬ȥͶƽ׽קסǮ¿
ɻһЦѩˡնÿ϶ɨѩҪȥٻ볰Ц
˽㶡
˵˵һƺ˳ؾҪȥ£һüɲʣӰٻ뵽乬Ҫƹ͵á˿νͣ
Ͳġ
ͷҲؼȥ֪ɰΣֻ˵ϸѻ͸ңӧĽ
΢٣վסһ˲Ȼػش𣺡ȢɡԼ㣬ֲ˼¡
߳ȥˡͬʱܾץסɵʾҪ׷
Ƕܲԭܺõٴαع˿ɣͣһ²˵ȡʱõİ취ǽСȢûʲôģϷѡ
ûش
پ⣬ܲԸ¤ֻƿ
¶̫͵ġ¶زƲףֻҡ϶ûȹûȥԡ
һɳĬܾӹ񣺡л¡
ϴקɽֱ߽ܵשСԺͣ£˵㲻Ҫٴ鷿˼ҵĺլˡڣϷû֮ǰص¡㵱壬ĸԺǻʵۣΪáУ㵽ڻûӧһֱǵĹϵ¡԰˵׵ͻ飬ˡʱԱˡһճ˰еŬǰ
Σݺһӡ
ܾɴǳǰ˵˳ȻѵʲôֳɽҲǹ㡣ʱ㣬ģ
ҡȥˡĲ֪޿̣ڰǷţɳܣȥݣӦ޳ܸܾ˵ңǿСǵϡ˭֪˼֮Ҳ٣ǷġĪ
û뵽Ӧ޳н֣ܾ֮ҡͷοͷϣ˵ҲġȴãͼûҶȥһ¡
޼ƿʩƺܾãûȥ
ͬһʱ̣ڷƢ죬žӣ̾ѡµóΪڷƢ
ûȳοܲˣһֻļӡľӣͷһĴһȦ
С㿴ǲǺܺ棿
̧ͷһǾվָһëСġ
СģСġ
˵ѽ
˵˵ᣬһҲ棬档ͻȻ˵Ȼ͵һĳװͰ͵һ¡
һָ̣ѪȪӿҽһ
°ܲһ
ˡ
æһǵָˡʱ޹ʣ£ôײУ
û뵽ôֲܲüֿ˵ӧ⳥ġ
ӧģ
ʾ¤£˵һƿˮīд˷Ÿӧ
Ʊɱ͸ܲ񣬴ɰ˵ܶȤ֮ĶͷԵĲϲҪһֻ˵ġ
ӧ֮û¡ǣŷʹֻĻˡ˼£Ȼ˵ܲ˳ǿġ
û뵽ɵ⣬һԼָŭǵҡߣÿζأӧôֲ˭Ķһжô죿
һߵġжܲ͵˹棬æԸ͸顣¤ģһأԲˣתͰٵ˵Ǹˡ
 

521 

ҲǸˣһԼƢͻȻˡ
ǰҸ㡭ܲʼɵĸɫãҪ۵ΪǡͷǲģҲҪ飬ǣһɵֲǣЦ
ҹʱһӰϢؽӰפء
Ӱݼʦ֪ʲôˣ
΢΢һЦһгˡΪʦҸ֣ʵսЧɱȴǿˡ
һüǡ
ʱ˶ˡû뵽ڳϦ֮ǰϻأ˴ϲ
һɱüޣϦˡ
ʱị̃ܲŮǽ˹磬ϯͰ԰÷ʱ磬طɢ÷
״ܲҲּȥһᣬȻסҶˣգۡȵĶҶ˷˽ŲǺܿں档
ãʱ磬ǲ̫ۣ
ꡣȥһ¡һװȰҾС
á
ʱƹ÷ԶȺͼϵıעǴҶ˴ٻȥշ벽棬ĬŵΡ
ٻĵƵͣǻʹѩĵطһƬϡľ£ɨѩȥ˻Ĺȹժβҡֻŵļаĺ﷢Ŷչԭ۵ֶͨ죬ҲЩӣףԵʮҿ
ϸ΢촫һȴû̧ͷٹǰ侮ʯûٰ䣬
ͣˡȻһЦã⡣
һ͵̧ͷӳһ촿׵ãĶ׹βҡĵ׺һŽεһ⡣
ǺùĻˮǡ
˼ۺ죬ʱһɨʲŵɥһЦؾʲôҲɨѩ
ߣôùġ̫˵߶ɨѽɨʱܻȥԷѽ

ô죬̫ˡЦû֦ҡ
һЦ˿ҧֲɨ
һҶǣȰãΪʲôÿġ߰ɡ
ߣļ˵ù˻ôţΪ㻹ţ߷ߵһţҶˡ
û߻ϯߣĺҶϪǰ͵áվסţǹͷҿ˵С㵽ǰʯͷ
ǡ
Ҷ˾˵ʯͷ᲻᲻ף
û¡
ʱշչ͵ã߳ԶżЩ֦ˣֻ֦
ˣ߰ɡ
ǵͷ۷ܿ죬ָշ֦ͷϣ߷ŭزɨӭսֵ̫ѶȰ⣬ǲźݺü䣬ֺȥ
صϯʱۺݰ١
ֵҹĻ٣ǿʼϯ߶˴˾ƣ̸ܷܷԼܲʹȥ뾰𻰣ƺǺҶˡһɨϯ䣬ǹŵϯҶ˼װע⵽ƺԥһŸ˹ȥ
ٻ绹ɨѩһ䲻þһͷá
ȴЦǰϣһ㡱ģ˺һᣬóһǮ¸̫ࡣ˺ôüЦģһʱֻС¡
뿪ٻʱõ
Ķʵʣȥٻ볰Цã
ֻǳЦϯ߾ˮһͷˡ
ѽû뵽ôףţȥ͸ޡ
ǡ
ʱˣҹ꣬ضҪֵʱġʱϯȥһ룬Ⱥտ
ֻȣܵｻʧϯ䡣ע⵽ֲˣתѾϣи£ȥ
ٻ绹̼ɨѩ
ž
ͷһʹһסͷ̫ˣһˤڵϡѩܺûţȴоˡ
סͷһϵһֻʣļȹǡ
Ѫϳ壬ڵֱɤǣһεļˡ
ֻȸ伢
ˣ
÷˷裬粻֪һµɨȥ
ûˡ
ž
һȹǡ
ͷȥ
ڰٻáʱɨʱҶվһɽ档ԶĺڰʧӰ١
˭֪أͷɨѩֻΪٻ乬Զ
 

522 ˿

͵ãƹһƬɽŽҹ¹ܿ΢ķڻΡһƵԺ涼ǽںŰ㾲һ·λƽԺ档
ڰУóһСָͷ飬ճһСš
һƣſˡ
Сĵ̤ѩ߽ƬƵᡣУֻһСŹµƣһڣͷɢŮǽǣ૵߶ʲô
˶ٽŲСĵ߹ȥϸһüۣУ楣
޷Ӧ
楣Ǳġ
ûӦ
һ˵Ȼġ
ͻȻһ£̧
ϲæ˵楣ȻʷԸȥ㻹ǵȻʽ𣿡
ȥ۾һĪĹ⣬̶ٴȥ
楣
ֻ૵ţ£ôΪʲô˵ҵģһֱû߶ţôʶٻش
û뵽ˣһʱ䣬ҵ飬ֻ˵ȻҪ㡣楣֪ʲôµøңҲܾȥ
޷Ӧ
˺ü޹ֻתߡ
̤һиͻȻʣ㲻ǹģʲôˣ
һͷĿޣҧҧ˵̩Ȼʽ楣ֻҪ¾ܰߡ
һϹŮΡΡش̧߳軨ۿһ˵衣
ʲô
ϹŮŮߣһ˵楣²ˡǰˣǲˡˡ
Ů˷ϹŮվת˲䣬ɿһֱ֣߬һܾɵ˿ڵϡӰŵﻬ䡣
ʹȴԶȵˣ
ʧںڰĬȻƬ̣ʰ˿պãԭ·Ҵ۷
СŴɽ̽ͷһҶ˲ˡ
Ǹæܣּ𼸿ѩ˸䣬ֱٻ롣
ʱҶվ͵ǰʮؿʣôˣ
ߣʲô
Ҹġӣҿ֡
һЦһҿİɣ
һݣҶ˻סģ΢ȥľ̲˵λʲôӡֻͶáóҾ͵ݸͷʯӣүˣһкô

ٶԣеת
Ҫߣػɵʣȥģ
ʲüͷӣֵرġȻ˵ҪʯͷߵӲذٻˡٹȥǸжҡ
Ҳҵθɣ
ת΢΢һЦ֪ǵ׳ʲôôǺЩõúãҲǸѱ
ˡ
뻹Ǹ˹ȥ
ҶʱѾ·ٻ붫ϣɿؿɨѩĵطһˣ˿ҪǰߣһбﴫСǣô⣿
͵ش˸ֹͷһʵеشһ껨߳Ŀ¶ζ
תǼװŵضѩ檸밲ô⣿
ɡ˵㵽ٻáôѾأ
檺ҶһģѾߡʲѾȥʯͷȥ˰βΪ·͹ѰңҶ㻹ǰȳء
𣿡߹ץס󣬵ͷ˿Цϣûӹޣ޿ôԼʯͷߵ̫ϧˡ
һɵð
ȴץ󣬡ʲôûˡ

ͷָա˸û취Ų죬иϲСǡһ˲ƺͻȻʵۣһ٣˵⡣밲
һʵתһ
ץסᣬѸ˾롣
ʵɨޱȣûʣôˣ
ܾ´ƺεؿһǣ˵俴ϲѾϯͷһʱ棬ͣ
棿İɣ
ûеġȷʵβǸѾģղƹǱȥˣ⡭
£ʵǳ⼸ߣǰ϶⸽ġ
ǡūȥǱûѽ
øֻѩƵģѩﲻۡ
գۼˣͼŮǰ߹ǰշŵҶˣشѾߡ
 

523 ޺

ʵۣŮһ㶣æ
û뵽գۼ̩ðüʵ֣ڰһѵܾɨ˵ϯ䷵ء
سһǣЦ˵˵ôˣԭûˣǸĻĺõط
ãʲôĻ᣿ʵˣݵػؾ
ߣƭ˭أᶼͳúõϯӦȴ⣬Ϊˡ𣿡һ䣬תˡ
һıӰҶߣȴ˵СȥǸôˡЩѩʯͷҹȥ
ǡ
շʯͷѩٴȥ鷳
Ƭ̺ȴҲᡣУշٶȸϻ乬Сţߵϡ
ǵһȥٻãշʯͷΪнڲ鿴ΡڶΣշٴȥʯͷƵ乬СŴɾȡ˹ŵʶ˭楣ǣǻ¸̫ӳɨѩʱ䣬ǰٻ鷳Ҷ͵ø磬շﴩŰ²£ǳû乬
˭ظҶҶ˻ǵ߳סؾǡöסǵĹ·ͬշ﷢ֻʵ۸ϻϯҵܾΧһԤϡ̩ʵۼȻǣȻ˰סܵܵġ
һоվ̤ǺܿҶһصϯ䡣Ƭ̣ƣߵܲ߶ʡͻȻԼܷܷʱˣĻһһ䡣
֮ʣӰٴǱ̩鷿򣬷㣬һˡ鷿ϣ˫۾ǣɫ
һٷĹ޹˪ٴǰߵߵͻȻܱԵһЩңһһϢػ
ϲųڣǱ롣
ʧãصһͻȻһתһСģ
δ䣬ꡣ
ƵϽ˱˴⬡
Ӧ޳̧ʬ壬ʰһϷһֻ۵Ĳ豭
ȥһ̣¤Ž۵Ĳ豭Уˡôûɨɾ
¤ָ鷿ɨʰͨ磬ܵ˪Ѿ̤שСԺûʸꡣֵס˪ֻӻܵܵʮסȥ·
Ϊ׵鿡
˪ЦһϽ˪һͣûɣ㲻ûϵģȥݡ
һüһʣʲôˣ
ݴլסģҵǽ

öԣγǰѺСѲݣ˪߸һϡ
ܵѪս֮ʱ˾ܿھ̩Զֹʮ⣬һסȥ·
Ƭ̣˵˵ʸҵĶ֡
İ÷Ц˾ܿôһȭߺʾͬȭӭȭײϵ˲䣬ͬʱУһš
ͬһʱ̣˴򸮡
ӧһϵΪսʱһ۴ҴˣϽ䡣
ϲһԸ֡
δһׯɱһƬ
ʱ׸ض顣
Ͱƺʲô¶ûзصǰܲȰǶڵ¿˿˿ܾɣԧϷˮ׺ŻҶ档
ȥؿշ˵Ӻܸɾ˾ϴ
һæԸȥˮ
ˮһᣬʡ
⣬СĵذڻϿɡ
˿ʡ
˿Ź⿴ãԧɣޱ仯
йޱȣֻ˿˯¡
Ϧȥˡ
һһ磬½ҶϽֵ⣬һֻС
뿪ʱǮ¿߰˸⣬
½Ҷһǣ½Ҷ𽫾ѾӦŮ޸ˡ
üëһ䲻ȵ˵ϲû͵ġŵܵﳤȥǮ¿ݺһڣСӣô
Ǯ¿ȥ׽½Ҷŵܵ˽ϣĿĵй䡣ɫϽͬȰ磬ˡ˵ֻϷ
һۣô˵ңȥ踮һͻȻ˵̣ȥɡ
۾һӵɵϴ󣬽Ų˹İҡͷʲô¶ܰСǸ踮ֺģȥ
̣ǲҵܵܣԼ˸⣬½Ҷʱ˾ץסܵܵļѭѭա
ΪѵؿŸ磬Ͻ̼ᶨҡͷ
Ȱ˵һҶ
 

524 

һ㶣½Ҷͷһ
ң塣һ˵ɫëãЦӯӯؿ
ϲ֣½Ҷµܵ߹ȥʣң壬ˣΪݡ
ߵһֻˡ㿴Ҵ·ÿ𣿡
ŵɫë½Ҷʲ͵תӸңġû뵽ˣԼ͵·ϲصͷÿĺܺÿ
ҲúܺÿëɫӶңһҵĺܿɰеƻѩõë
ǰݱʱҽɽ׽˺ܶҰãѡëɫ·Ҿ㴩úܺÿҪҽ㴩ôףúһֻá
һӸԼ·ңϲüңЦ⻰Сǽ϶ġ
գۣȥģ
ҳй䡣Ǳ½һ¥ȥ
ðѵ踮¶Ժ󣬵½Ҷ㻹ǵõܵܣкϽͬС
Ǻܿϰ¥ѡٽֵŸƾ˵Цʱйһ̧ͷ
磬ôˣ
¶㿴˵Ҫ޸Ǯ¿ˡɥشͷϽƬͻȻһĴȽеá½Ҷûռűˡ
פá
˲̧ͷһ磬ͳӰɡ㿴ŮЦôɧҪ޸Ǯ¿ˣ½Ҷüȥ
˵ġϽһվŲߣ¾ק˵磬ûܼ޸ˣǮ¿ġ
õ֣ɫѵ㱿˵Ǯ¿֪½Ҷһ𣬻Σ
һһʱˣԡɡ磬ȥǮ¿ϵȥС㡣ɲʡ͵ĵơߣ״½ҶЦˡ
ԡ
һ뵽ܸ½Ҷ£ˣҧһͷͷȥ
ʱ̣¥ֵòɿ
ˣҴң
ˡ
ô
ǰ˼ҵĶá
ɣ㿴½ҶֻǮ
ûŲ죬һôˣ
һ㶣ͷһʻǡϽ̸ں档
ǰͻȻѾߴŸ󡣿½Ҷң˵Цʱң年Լδңʾ༥
Ӯһ֮²ң壬ȴ㿪һŵŷӰײòңһͷҲɢˣ·Ҳˡܵ˻ߵָѾ˹ȥ˴ȴ½Ҷֹһ¸ǻϽ͡ţǮ¿ˡһɺңֵòɿɴվһ˵ֻ
ִ˸ԿϽæҴȥҽȰܡ
˶ԼǴһɣϡʣС㣬ǳһõӲׯţͷҲɢˣ·Ҳ˺ƣôϽظһ
عһָң˵ϲáң年ҵδҽѵң˭д
ƺȻ̶ЦҡͷС㣬Ҷңʶȣżֻ֮塣ңòھǣżһȸ裬죬ûʲô˵ġô˵أ
ѣ
԰㶩ףҶ˽ѡС׳ͥѵȶûаɣ
Ȼ
ˡһ죬ŪÿҶϿСظ˳˰ݸꡣ
½Ҷûɲˣϲô˵ƫ̻ɡƵ˺ҵ·ôˣӺ۸
ȴЦ˵ң壬ѧ䣬ǿáɣǮС²һ·ЩС£ûҪֵ÷ꡣ
Ȼô˵СС㣬·ǮҸǡ
һ赭дüŭң壬·Ĳ򲻵ߣһ߽ܣӡ֯һȹǧҲҪǮ²һȹҾȥʺǰ㡣
ңһ˵ɻʣܣ
һ֪ɶʱؼЦǹªŵӡɣƵĲϣȴġֻɫڵڶϻƣɫӳ£·˴˵ӣӰҡҷֽӰơǹ֮ǻʺ͵ģбҲȥһƥŶ϶ܵõܡ̫ˡҪ޸ǮˣСүʲô
ң巴üʣС㣬򲻵
 

525 

бһۣŵػش𣺡ȻֻݣÿĲֻжʮƥǶδܴϣο䣿
ֺת˵û뵽С㣬ң廹ǡ
һ㶣̩˶٣ݺݸңһۣԹ¥ȥ
Ҷʲô
Σ½Ҷֻûͷ˿ң壬ңȥһ¡
ȥɡ
ߵܵܣ˵ң壬Һþòˡߣǳȥ䡣
ð
ԸܵǮ⳥ǴңˡǣǮ¿йض½šʼգң嶼û
Ǯ¿ңһΣûʲô档ͻȻñСӰ׺֮һȽϣʱЩʲôɰΣͷҴһظ׼ĸ㶨»¡
ʱŮߵ˽ϡǶǴˣЩ²Ҫ͡һᣬע⵽·˵ôƺáëɫӣʮֿɰҰá
Ұëġüɫذ·˵ˡ
û뵽ܵ˼ݸйһ£ң
뿴ֲҶʮϡġ㿴Ѱ֮Ҷչζ߿ɬߵζֻҪϻˮ¶ȡ԰ң˳һвҶ裬չʾԼĲա
Ʒһյ裬ɿڣƲƲ裬ζƳصҶϸ˼
ص
£ܲӹʹŮڻ԰棬Ҳһԡ
˵ЦˡһͤŮΧܲ߹ȥƿˣܷܷסܲ󣺡£檵ָʹԺ
ܲشܷܷüһãһҽֵӽ
ߣҪֻģҲŲҪҽ
ġܲɵʣĺʹ
š檵Ļ˺ۡ
¤ȥԺ
һܲǣŮҧˡתʣ£ѽ
ӧ͵ġװͰ͵ģһӾͰСǵָĳѪˡһˣܲͻȻӧʲôѽ׺£˻ҩһ֪ô̵ġ
û뵽ȷ£ŮһʱȻ
ǵ飬ǰЦѣ˵£Ҫһƥܡ
ŮУֻ֪ܡԣͷѵã̫ˡһҽһҪϡ֮һֻлʺŴġλÿܵõһƥƾʲô
ҽռС㴩š
һ͡
½̫Ҫһƥɡ϶ѡ
ѵҪҪǣܲЦ֮ͷС¤ȥ϶еġ
ǡ
ﵽĿģһƳŮ˵л£á
ߣԵľ㡣һ䣬ܷܷ˵£ûܣҲҪ
㣬㴩Ųÿ
ǣ˵ʲô
滰ѽ
Ůܲǰһᣬ͵֪ٴˣʩʩȻȥ
ֺıӰŮ޲ҧֻҶ˾ʮֺЦЩ˲ʱóǲѳǳŮӣ˾ٸǹǵġҼͷ־磬ЩЦ
ӱ֧Ѿߣ΢Ц˵ͷԺˡֻǽڣҪԺһ¡
û⣬ʣ£
˵ֻ巨ڽϻơ֪а취ûΣ
û뵽ٴЦϲǲǿǡܰɣˮ濾صĻΣϽ𡣡
Ͻ𣿡
ԡǾƲݣٵãͬǹ֮
򣬡лˡ
ٴܾˡóǷ˿Ƚϣ»Ȼ
˼ϸܡ
ܣ巨Ͻ𡭡˿˼ȥǲ³йҲء
̾ţԸȥ踮¤ҪϽ
ĺʱ֣硣
ɢϯܲӱЦʣƥϲ𣿡
£ڰ¥Ȱܵ˵꣬˵ң·Ҿ˵һƥϣȥ˵졣
û뵽ңô뺷֮ܲЦЦһʣüͷȥã
ߣáǡʾ¤ǻرܣóǷ˿뿴
þ˰ʱٿɣ˿Ͻ͸
 

526 ڶ

˺ü飬ܲץ˿ãһӺǣǷˣĻ쵰ѹ֣ѹָҪ
ǰи
ʲô
ҹ乬極Ǹ˵衣һգָǲˮ̫ࣿ¿֪Ȼûرĵ̫ࣿ
£üã̸ʵĲˮ̫ʮ

ɣˣ϶֪ǰ˵ƽˣߡ룬ܲ鷿ء
̩ڷԽǱץҽҪϵ¸¥־֪ǰ踮ڣһûġ
ͬһʱ̣ӧۼһ
ˣ˪ʮ˽̩Ϣͬʱ֪ǿס˾ܴˣҲ˴룬ΪΪ˵ǵľԮϲׯΧˣϽŽĶʮֻʣڣ׸á
˾ܣǸΣ
Ƕ˸൱ҾеƮĪ⣬һʱǳ
û˵Ȼ֪мˡϦ꣬ǵɽԷҲ˸ɽûϽš
Ĭãӧ˵ĳ壬ȥʦɡǵٶ༸֣ؽʮּ֡ڻһҡȽտ
ֵ˦һңĳ弦װͷ
ʱĳӧױţҹ뿪ǡ
֮ӷƽϢˡܲδ磬ǡҶ˽ͬСڼ䣬ǹȥٻ鷳ϧ类ĥ˲ʱɨѩĿ
δʱɷԸý˻ظϸǵӦ¡˵δæؿ߷ûж»ڡһʵΣֵӡͬʱ䱧ûص򸮡
ӣģһҳ𣿡
ûСĳߺģ򿪺ҲܷƢˡ
Ƣ֪ôˣȥֻӡ
մ򿪺ӣһŻȻ˳·ϣ˷ܵϴ㵲ѣôˣ
ҡͷβ
䲻֪˵ʲôϲʹ˻԰˵ҧӣġ
û˵꣬Ӱһϡӱŵÿһʱڲѡ
˺ܴľڰӰõĶקȴΣֻȥ봾ǡ
ӰǱÿֿ˵ûʲô쳣ѽ㣬ķǰӻʱ˵ʲô
˵߷Ҫ¿ҵˡܾںδ˸ǰҲ²ة˻
ǹءڽ־Ӫ߷˵ù𣿡
߷ֵùġҵ֪Ӧ˻£ҪƽƸ񣬻ڶ¶ʮ˵ҪЯ˻ؾŮֻ¡Ҿе΢
˵
һңڰ¥ڴɡ⣬Ϊζ֣ҿƽʵӦʻ£˷Ч
һüһž˵ѵáˣǸ׼Ȼ󡭡ѣʹʵۺ̩𲢡
ԡһĨâ˼ƬתͷʣģЩɺϼҽô
ɽӦϼҵĻ£δֻڳһȥ˰¥˺༸ո̩磬ûԵ춯̩һΣͣ˰ա
΢⣬˼ţӧˡ
ӧЩ̩ʲô춯𣿡
ʵһ㶣ӧͻȻЦϦϯȥٻáǺˡЦˡߵµЦϸŮ
Ů˿Цǰϣ˵
ôˣ
㲻úܹ𣿡
һ
ãԻʵ׸۾ˣ̩ߴͷ硣һ澣ֻ̩ǼӵС¡ΪҪԼѾ

ţٴϸһǰĶţһЦӧҪһ硣
ˡ
Ǿ͸ˣҰɹŮȥ
ŶԲߣ̾·ϵӰͷƺ
ﶨ֮ʱշһ͸ǡ
Ȼʵ̫๬Ůȥɵıʼ֣Щãң͵زҶȥ
³ʮ꿪һաʵٳٹߵݡŮͬ빬˼̫󣬻ʺ󡣳ʱ̣̩أλһš
գ⵱ֵ
ǵĿͣһ±תۣˡǵıӰŴ˼һᣬƬ̾Ѱͷйȥˡ
 

527 

̫УŮʮһλĸŮƽڡ
ǣƽЦһͰѰ¥˳½Ҷһ˵ҶңʮĽ̫󿪿ѻǰ𽫾ǸģҪԵֻʵûбҪǼҲܵġ
һʱ侲ˡ
Ƭ̺ͻȻ˵ˡҶһ졣ְ֮ڣ𽫾Ǵְʱ˳Ůһá
θɣüһƽڵʡ
ó۰ϰ˵ġ˿ӲǨЩֻֿԡҼǵǮ˴򲻹
⻰һ͵ЦŮ޲̿ΨɵĸüǻϲԲӡң˲
뷿֮ʲôǽȤɲӣĻ˵ȰƣһǴһ㣬С֪ġ
һ㶡ĸ׶ʱըˣʲô˼ߣңȴƫǲϲŮȲң壿ܵӭȢ󽫾ŮԱѰɽ
⻰ʵŮǡ̫ûƾǳ
̲ػش𣺡ǰС㡣Ҫ޽ȴڴ֮ͥ²ҵܵӡ˶٣ȻЦС㣬ĸһһĸ֣Ӯи绤šֻĹ١˳ɣ㻹ѧŵȽϺáεвǰۣҪõܸܵÿ
ĸŮҭ۾סŮ벻Ϭһʱ㶡ܷܷһƺ˷ͷʱ֣Цã˵ү㲻ãֹܵ
үͦõġǰҾ˾˾
һ仰ܷܷƿԡƽ½Ŀһ䡣
ԣ̫ڰڰ˵Сǣô˵ģ
ʧԡֻȰȰС㡣
ɣң½Ҷʶһȸûʲô˵ġҪѧȡ
ƿɲ磬ֻڨڨϴ
״ҶЦóһвҶԲ̫󣬳檵һвҶʮأТ
ŶʲôҶ
ѲҶĺôȾһ£ҶһǾ˵һ㲻ζġǰ̣ոǺܺõġֳԣƷһƷΣ
⻰֪Ǳᣬܷܷһ룬پץס˻ᣬæ˵˵òճɫ̫׼԰ɡ
״˸⣺̫£Ȼкò裬øŮԲգ
ǺǣáǶԡٲá

ʱУֻҶĲɿڣĲǿɬǺ޲ζ
û뵽Ҷأ̫پȤҶˡ
ʱŮˡʺ밲ԸŮԱ㡣ôҶˣܷܷԼˡҶһŲƬ̣ǰŮɢȥ״ֹ۷̫󹬡
ȥ̫󲢲⡣
ǰòܲˮϸ˵Ȼ˵ᶼͳæүˮ׼鷿Ϳȥˡ˵鷿£˵ֽ鷿ִЩۼƺ˽

ԡܹ¤˵үԸÿտͨ磬鷿䱸ɭϣõĽͨٲΰذѷֵ˵꣬һתע⵽ҶҲ˼븮꣬үǰͻݡЩ£үڳǰȴ֪Ѱ϶ֻ˵ǰҲ㲻áһ᳼檽ٴ裬֪
Ƭ̣̫ס
ʱװĵ̫ͨ󹬵ĲɢţͻȻƳһĵıӰ
΢תһһ룬һ˲͵һ
˲ڹˣǸӰʧķȥ
һ·ңǱӰʱͣ£̫ͣͣͣⲻԶ
վڼɽǸӰ˼⣬ͻȻһʣҶô⣿
ҶվڲԵȴǡ
һ㶣æͷ񣺡檸밲檸빬ڵû˵ʲô£ֵ̫ȥˡ
ǣʵüСҲڣ
ǵġ
ûȼʣ̫ˡҶ˸ȥ
ĥһ£ʵûȥʺĸףڵԡ
ɽ棬ɺϵؿһĻޡҵıӰվڲԶһСɺ棬ָ̾һŻң벻ͨ˷ʲô
Ṭ˸ڵȣѾС裬Ҷƫ̫
 

528 زס

Ҷʮֹţ̬ׯ̫ʣ˵̩ͻݡ𣿡
û뵽ôʣҶǵĽ̵֮ྐྵЩ壬Ц̫ү˼Ѳ²⡣ʱ򻹺á
Ϊˡţͻݶһһġܲճ᲻£
үͳĲǣżģ˵¡
Ŷʵôˣ
ү˵붼ͳܸɣ˸ɲܡ檲֪ʲô£óͳ붼ͳү¡
ǽ̵Ļٲΰ˵꣬Ҷ˲˵ЩӸ˲Ѿˣʲôߡү˵Щ˶붼ͳץġһҴˣƺ鷿п͡檲²붼ͳڵү³檲岻֣˵˵̫ɱү
ģʵġǸģܼܲ޷
Դ븮ͷɹӶǲáĶ˵̫
Ҷ˵ǷǣǽСɿɬѺȡƵһţ˭ˮȥˮǲǲ򣿡
״Ůֻ˵ջĽг⣬ˮҪȥɡ
»ƽ¡൱Сǿһˣһ̫ͷ
ôộ
·С̫ЦϲڵĲ𶼲ɵġ
ѽô̡ˮﶼйζ˼䣬һתҼǵöﶼн˿ľȥЩ

û֪ˮġһͺá鷳æݳһǮ
˵ǮС̫˵Сš
ġ
ɱȥһûˣæתǸջ̫࣬У⣬ϵ𣿡óǷ˿楸ҵġ
΢ת˿ûᡣ
⣬̩ġ֪Ȼж
ǣ
ԡ
ʣľͷڵϻ˼ߣ˸ȦһȦȻľͷ˵⡣
Ķ
ȥ˾֪ˡ̩˵ѡ̫δ㡣סˣջϾʣС̫Ž˿ľˡ
ܿ죬ǶŲȥǲҶ˵Ĳúáɫƣ̫ο䣬һֻ
Ŵ˲ԶٿȻֹСɺ棬վһϮơ
û뵽⣬ǰв޿ɱܣֻҶ߹ȥ檸밲
Сǣѵÿ
檽ոѰʱʸ밲ء
⻰Ͳˡǲʸġ̫㣬Ҫ˼˵˵ˣѵٳ١
⻰ŹŹֵúܣҶ΢΢ü΢һǡ΢ףŸѣ͵һУ漴һϺȣ֣
һʵʶһתͷͼһŻɫǰţбﱼһˣƺһ̧ͷʵۣæǰ񣺡¡
һʵһô⣿
£һŮ߹ȥȻ󿴵һŻҷΪ֣͸
ûȻʵ˵ͻȻһָϷ¿Ǹ
һתһ
бϷ߲һŻɫһ֦ϡվĿȥŻȴ͵һˡ
ݣ
䣬һʯͷ
顣
ʯɽŻշ˸ֱǡϢƵ˺һ͡ʯ䣬Ҫ˵ϡǡʱӰһ룬ͽȥץ
Ӱ򾲢֮࣬ˣҧ
޲ĿɿڴֻǼУҪ
ˡ
ͽֵסӰ򾡣
һ˲ͻȻͣˡ
ؿŻײϣƺһ٣Źصһˡ
û˷ӦҲסˡ֪Ӱۿǲ⣬ϾԼİΣӰͻȻˣоԼ״ͬڵ
ţһֻץס󣬼ʣû°ɣûбҧ
һŤͷĿֻ̼
һůش𣺡ûƺû¡
һμӰ򾣬ǲǿǣ˲µǺ޵ĹĪ⣬ľ̡һʲôǵˣץס֣۾ϸ顣
ع˵ĿⲻԼͬϡ
ҶҲһקסϣã

קһ㶣ǻɹϵس֣תͷֵܾˡ
˵״ʵһ˿ȴʲôûʣֻôгӣ棬߻˾úɨһ¡
 

529 

Ӧʱ̫£û°ɣ
û¡ɣȻпԭҪͽ䡣Լȥ췣
ּ
ٴοһǣʵˡ΢˿ɾ˵ϲҶǸϽɡΪá
л붼ͳһǻЩҶæãˡ
΢ҧ˵㵱ĵ㡣˿ĿٶĻҲ޷Ҷʧڹŷ
΢棬ˣգ˵үܴӽŽȥӱŷͳӲʵġӵĽŲ
վԭأ£üŻʵʲͻȻ䵭̬ȣͷֲ
ǸӰʵ̫ͣ⣬֪ڵǡ֪Ҷ˱ضסæͣڸ취ֵǣǱӰҲһֱͣԭλãʱקһһԵ֦֪ʲô
ǱʵסһʯͷǱӰƺһ¾ͱҵǾһһ˲һŻڿն
ƳŻңɾ֮ϲ󺰡֡˹֮һĻʼδȴҲյع˹ءأһʱҲ˲ˡ
˼ţȥˡ֦ߴһŻҿ
ֺ̫ʱһĿƽĹŮ߽˵ͰĻ˾ᡣµȹ澶סҲǡʱǶɨԺ䣬š
ݵŶ룬ҩζ
ſڴأɢҵڷڴ⣬ŷڵı棬ɫף΢ϦĥһҹֶͷؽᣬյһͿ̫ţ̫ȥҽ˼ҩǿգӲд˿̡
죬̧ͷ
ǰǹŮһŽУ

ҩ˾ͻõġ
ҩģ
⡣óһɺѪҩݵߡ
ͷԵץסҩȴ֪ȥԼɡʲôû룬ҩһ¡
ˡ
ŮӾţɫ
̺ͻȻִֿΣ͵һۣһںѪѪأڿնһ亹ÿë׶ʪ͸ˡٴαֲۣˡ
һٷĹڶˡƬ̣վһĹŮʣ˭ģ
ʺ󡣡
лչˡ
ЦЦ˵ʲųԵҩܶһӶԲ𡣳ˣͺáʺ㣬û˽飿
ûеġ
ˣô֪û˺ۣ
ǵġ㣬תʺ˵Ķ滰ǽڡ
տƾ㵽ô϶ǽڵģ
ɣ缱ˣæ˵񡣵һμҾͽм񣬵䵭ĸоҾúϤ̲סȥֻȷ˭ֱһաȥҿıӰͻȻ˽ڡ˿αװ̬ЩѸıġҵ͸ĮӣȥıӰ͸䵭ͰֱһģһҲϴģ
ٴ״ķߺޣǹŮˣܾ㣬԰ɣ
ԣԡʲôãҵʲôãҷŵίԼȴҲмһˡ쵰Ҫ
Ъ˹΢΢һЦԻʵۣҪԹ˵Ͳỳ㲻ˣΪرҸ㣬ҪģĽ㡣ʵ۲ϲûصŮˡ
ڶͻȻЩһʣ㣬㵽ʲôˣ
ø£Ҹġҵ޹ءúϢʵۺܿġ
һʧ⡣
ãŲΡΡԾ١֪ɫҩù񵤡֮ϲ˥棬һգ۹ᣬȼվѪ͸֧Ԫκҩԣ޳ĽѾʮˡ
һ㣬ǲġһöӵθɣ
ʱӧŴ֡ʹôôң
ǡôأѽǸ쵰
ɸҵĹŮǴǼٰġ
װ빬Ӱ򾽻չˡ˭ϣӰͻȻ궯òʹ߶䱻ע⵽Ϊ˸ǽΧҳʯͷ˴ǣȻӰʧˡ
ʦÿͰ͵ؽӰʧٵľӧҧгݡ޺޵סȭվһᣬͷŶȥ˽ڹվ氤˶ʮڸõķҩ
 

530 ҽ

߽䣬ӧһۣɡ
һ˵ɷɸæվ˵ְҲǲѵġͳ첻֪Żرֲ
㿴𣿡
һӾûˡ֪ʲôһ¡
ûȥˣ
ҡͷԵʮֳʵ
Ƭ̣ӧˡ
ھٴ£Цһ£ժ¹ñһһŻ̾ñ
٣㣬㲻ȥ
ҡҡ
ϲƻϲĶһҴȥ
´ùñ뵽ƭӰ򾣬Ļŭš
ص׼ˣͿһŻ̾ڼϡ֮࣬󣬾Ŷ˵Ӱûбҡͷβƺش𡣼״һһ˵Ӱʱڹñǣӧǰ׷ʣӰ򾾹޶ԡ
ӰӰΪĻҪǿҡŵŨҵĴϢϲǣزס䣬ӲǸŽҳʯͷŭӰ򾣬֮ʱͻȻŵϵϢˣݣ´ǣβ
ӧļǵصȻѰӰʱɷһصլʱֵӰפأҵժñӡ
ǿ
ಡһŻڵ˳ͣһ˸ߴ
Ƭ̣̯ƣöӰ񰲾š
ᣬû˹ƺЩԥ
װɡǺǴܣ㲻Ҳҧǡÿʱ
͵ҡβ͡
̫òãǿ϶ż㡣Щ϶óһֻ˻Ρ
ܵɢ
ţһ˲һɢˡ
״룬ɾʣǰôˣ
нģϤ跨١
̫ƻˡԾʧԣεЦЦ˵ǣǰӢ
ķǡ⻰ƭʵۻࡣ

ЦķǴ˸Բ
Σ˸һ۷ͷȥ
ʱչӱ¡
ɫ磬̾һ߹ȰˣЩûɣԵ٣˯׷ʲôˣ
ûû¡
Բԣ֪ôȰźáʱһ졣
Ͷһ㶣ͷһ
üĪؽˡꡱƣȥת磬ӿһȴˡ
ˣһ
һ㶣̲סһ֣ҰèҽУ̹
ӰһͿһ˫ЦⰻȻ۾ָڶԣҰè⡣
ĪһջɵЦ
Цˣ˿ѧ˼èоʣǲǺ񣿡
Զԣһۣ˭ģǸߺ糣׼𣿡
ˡĺ޹ԣвõġһ͵ĻɡһϿҵ
룬ʣû£
ûЦƣ㿴һ˺۶ûС
ߣ
ǡҲá§סҽ͡Һûʲôʱˣҡ
͵ƿüһ
ûеġԣҰѻ˵ꡣ˵òԣվŲ򡣡
ΪԼЩӰҧˣǻˣ˵վһ⣬׼ҡ
Σ̯̯վһ
˵ɡ
ʱҽ˵ҲչдŸ״ҼؽУҶϹһᡣ
֮糣ǵ飬ʱΡºķǣдʦ֣Ͱˡ˺һӣ籧ſհ׵Ļǰ
˵һͽ㡣ҵʱܸ˾ʹӦˡЩԳһľửļ䣬ֱΪ˺ۣ˵СʱƤֵģҲˡ
Ҫϵ˺ۣһɫܾŭתЦ⡣ã˵Ҫȴɣȡ˾ģںˡѹֻ罿¶Լ
㻹˵ûϵȾƣΪθȾƣ˴Ǳ
һæס֣һر֤ûСûʲô
˦Уš
ٴץססûСΪˡ
ͻȻһ㶣ɵͣȵʣС󣿡
һЩæͷ˵ͻȻüʹȻѹͿáŵòᣬһƿȴץסң˵Ҷ񣬱ȢҶȻͻȻҽУֱѪ졣
 

531 ô

ʱĽڲ֪ʲô£ֻץס˦磬Ҵ·ѵ֪ܣԼơȥȫȻŮӵı
˲Զҿʦ֦ϡ㵸ЦǰϡҲ֪úңŵҩץѣץá֮ǫߣúܶûиҵܿ죬ҴʦֵҲû֮Ҿ¡Ҷ֪ʱ˺۵ĳȥ
˵ЩڼֱԼ˵˸˵Сǣ֪ҵֻǰҶһģչöѡҡ
ɫ﷭Űζӣƺϲƺƺŭ˺һᣬͻȻ޺꣬ѧһӶǼˣ¼ߡ
ƺͨˣЦ§ס˵һ²ֶΣúܡҿ϶ġ
ߣݺݴ£ֿĵرסĲӣҺʦָôҩҪͺɻˡ
΢Цһ¡
ûȼ´棬ͻȻˡ
ˣˡ

סŵǣ˵û¡
ĲĪһԾԡ
Ų٣ƹ磬ܲվסš
棬֣һˡ
Žһᣬ߹һץס½󣬡Ϊʲô⣿֪ʲôط˽ﻹ𣿡
£
Сǣ޹ءοһ䣬ںʾصܲ˵£ֻ֮һϷԣûиûдӭȢǰݹõģѾҵӡ֮ᣬ̽һ£δ֮У
û֪֪ⳡϷ֮ǰҵĲĶĿǶӱء뺦һǰţΣ
ûС
ûСǡҹȥ
ɣ
ġϢһҵˡһû㡣§ס´Ϣת˳ȥ
ӱĺڰϽվšֱ̯̯߳ʾˡ
ȥ˺һȰ˵Ͻ㣬ǴûȻϽӱ󸽽磬ɿȥءҵȣûŷȴˡסֻй
Сë飬ɻЦһ£ʾ
鷿ܲš鷿⣬ܾվڻϡɣüһݺݵһۣ˵ƫҪ
ʲôҹ󡣡شһ䣬ɫŶ롣
Źˡ
ܲһߵǰ˵£֪ġҵӡʶαִأ
һ㶣ܲʱˣİŭʲôġ޸ˣҵġʲô£㣬Ӳȴ˽ӱɧԲѣ޷㡣
ʲôɧţҵģθɣǳֻһϷһ֪߹ġ
˵
ǡΪʲôܽʵأǻӣɲŮӶҪɣ
µ֪ܲ˵ʲô⡣ܾʵȥŽ˵ɣô˵ģ£ǲҪٳˡϷҲãҲգ˿̸üоô£СǵԺٳ𣿡
ͬʱһ㶡ŭܾ޹ءվ͸˵õ̫ࡣ
ɣ
ѵ𣿡
һҪܾ߹һӣסڣסڣɣͻᳳ֪һʱǰʵټӧţķΪˣǨӴ΢ãʵȥ˴΢ĹܼĿ˵ϦһСڰٻֵ̫ˣʺ΢ʣ顣
ɣʣҾ͸ŹŹ֡绹ڻ˾ΪͻȻתڻʵ۸ǰ׷ʲô£
㵣ɾˣ
ԡ
ǵḷ̌ǲزסĹġɻʵۿ˼ţһ
ļִյ£΢ˡСǵԺ˵
ߣµľ㡣ҿɲǡؾһ䣬ʣ˽ڹΪΣ
Ƭ̣ɰѸұӰʵ·Ӱ򾣬ܷϸһ飬Ȼ˵ʱΪұҧˣץҵּ顭Ҷѡʵ۵ɫͻȻ䵭˺̫֮ܶ࣬ǲ˳ֵǣǸŮ˴ӰΪأ
 

532 ʵ

Ӱ򾣬ܾʲôˣ
ҩһҼԳ˵ӧĽ·̬ڲͬ㴩ŹŮķɫҲ۵ġ
û뵽һܾܲһ㶣һʱ嵽ӧİϷǻʵ۶ʲô˼ü˼
˶٣ܲԸ¤
ûжţ˿ϣΪԼĿ˸óһͼʣϵͼ𣿽̫󹬣Ҷס̫Ѱȥҵ⡣˵ȻµĶǡ
˺һᣬܲþ˵̫ǻʱרõĻռǡЩʲô
ź˵û
˼޹ʱ˼Ǿʣ磬ǿƺ࣬ôˣ
ܲش𣺡һʱǰøķΪˣǨӴ΢ؼǣʵȥˡ
ˣʲôˣ
Ҳ֪ռϢϸ˵һ顣
˼øɣǲɵʵ·Ӱɳ֮󡭡ĬãͻȻ˵£ȥһҶǶ
Ǻܿ
㣬ڹŻҷߺע⵽ʵ۵ı𣿡
ȵؿҶ˲ɵʣã붼ͳǲǡ޸ˣǷ°ɡպܶ˶ţ㣬ҿóܹ붼ͳ
̾һ˵ʱʵۿǵر֣ƺܾȣƺŭ˵ʲô顣ҿ㣬ġٽܿΪá
ĬһϢ˵л㡣ЩǰӦͺáתߣ΢ٲ˵Խ㻹ǲĸȥţĸЩӽС

ʧҹĻ
ĬãҶ߻£ֻѩÿֿʮָӡоóܲϲǣȴɡҶܲȻõġ˿뵽˾ȻȲɣЩѹ
ϲ֣ϧʧ˵ŮӼֱ˵ġ
ǻص鷿ʱͼؿȴ޹Ӧ޳
ǣӦ޳ڵ߹ɡָָߡһۣߵܲ¡
Ӧ޳ץץͷĿ¶⡣
ϾپŮ鳤յ£ʵѾ˶õָأûôʱˡ
ĸ˰ֻͬʱԲˣͬʣΪʲô
ܶ²Ҫ֤ݵģֻҪۼΪʵֻҪš֤ݣ֮λ޴ǣ
Ӷ죬͵Ӧ޳һסȭǲԼ֮ͬ䡣
ĬãͻȻʣСǣʲô뷨
ҪȻµ׸̫Ȼʵǲһ¡Сվҳ鷭һᣬɣ˵ϸƸ³ӭȢá
ĸٴһ
عӦ޳һгСҴ粻Ȣġ
ɺܾͬʱһӦ޳ҡ
죬Ȼϡ
ܲʣСǣ˼ǡ̫ǻڶ³ǰ󷢶ʵã̫󻹻𣿡
һЦţĻһšǻȷã书һۡͼͻȻ˵һǻŰɡҪײ쾪ӡ
־ˡ
ǿʱֻ̫лӵܲʸ죬ǹϵҴײ죬ͬı档һײ죬ʵ۱౨׹ݣһƷƷϹԱҪϯƣʵ۲Υǵʹʵ۵λýԿɲҷ
Ҳζţһײ쾪ӣܲ·
Ĭãܲһͷáֻǡڻ֪µĶģط̫µĻռǣӢ
£ȻʸĶ
ǵס
ûнͣԶЩƺм翣Ҫһҡ޳һæ
áʶûʣӦ޳͵һظӦС
磬߻Ҷϱʵ۶׼ǰӭȢɡڶڶ³šͣƬ̣˵ĵȣ̵¾Ϳˡ
ߣţҪʲ󣿡
ܾҡͷش𣺡һǰ׼Դ߳ţû塣
ΪΣ
Ҫ֣ڲ㡣
ܾ졣
˵ͼȥʵ۱ضӧ顣ϣ楺ͳܱס𣿡
 

533 ͼ

׵ǰͼעֻгƽɹ֮գ˶Ѿˡͣͣܲ£Ϊ˲ͼαʵһӧ̽ġ
֪̫ټҪСЩ
ݸõˡ°ŰϢ͸¶˰ɡ
á
ѶǴ巵ӱ
ҹķ䣬ȴֱźڰŴ˸žȻĹ⡣Ե¶¹һıվһ̡
ͼֻذ
һҹǶ£ÿһܲ鷿Ͻ壬˺ܶ¡լɼÿһıţǲ
һ֮ҹȥˡ
ɢϹ¸ջصǾˡ£һλס
һᣬϹ²ʣǰ˵̫ǰó죬Ϊˡǵôˣ
ûشֻ˵ŮջҪߵһ¡ɵҪӦ¡
ü˵
̶סÿµһӵĻһչ˲ɫһܸɵС˸ơ

ڶջضĹܼȨϷҪȥＷһɡ
ϹŮ
óһͼͼʸʵۡ
ӹͼϹ¿˰βʣ⣿
һЦүؾΪҵȻµһףͼ

Ҳ²ʵҲҡǴһ
û뵽ô˵ϹºɵؿŮΪʲôʸ̫󣿡
үԸԶʵۣҲСҲó̶޸ƼƮֻҪӵĴ£
Ƚʵۣ㣬ٴ𸴲١һ䣬Ȼȥ
ֱıӰʧϹ²ŻعͷǸͼΣһģԸΡ
鷿ʵۿͼòʣģ
ǳŮǽġ˵Ůһ£Ϲ¹۲Żʵ۵ı˵֪ʲô˼󣬸æǰУʱǲý˻ڣ³ӭȢ
úáϰ䣬ӵˣظɡ
ǡ
Ϲ¸ˣʵͼȥĸס
ͼ̫òʣʵô룿
СǣɡǵΣΪûѡɵ˭޾ãߵܻӦպСǻȻˣܿܶѵġ
ʵ˵öԡʵСǻһѡ񡭡Ͷܵܡ˴֮ĵܵǿƽƣػɣˣֻ빬Ϊ֮һϸϸȽϣٳˡ
ĸ߼
ͻȻķ磬Ϊ̽ӧ⣿
ǵġӧ˵ָزǼ٣ֻҪųߵһضٶʵ̯̯֣ҹķˣͼˡǺɺ𣿡
ðΣ̫΢΢һЦǸˡ
ʵһ㶡
ʵȴɡҾӧļƲ߿С
á
ʵߺ̫ӣͼʲô˼
ūΪϼҽûԹվã˵õ⣬ָصαΪѾõĻˣĳͺܹؼˡūžͼøףһҪ֤ļֵ˵׽ܵܵܣǡӽ£˼ɣϣһ빬Ľڡ
ȥһϾ
ǡ
˳ּʱ¹һ·Сܽº
үүϲѽүԸʰӣȥסС٣̰ᵽŸү˵ܼ޷ѹܼȨ
ĶϽһɡﲻ֣ûĽأ
ôţְ֪үȥүۣ˵ûйҲпʲôģүһָϳȥˡС㡭ү˵СҪˣȥŸĸס
û뵽İٸϳϷϽ̵Բۣģ
ȻˡʱϽȥүǰڣͲ֮ǰ¾͹ȥˡ
벻ͨô쵽ģϽ̻վԸʰ
ĺʱ֣Ͻ̴Ӱ鸮ŸĸŮͷͷصᡣ
ءǸǣҽ㱻ᣬͷˡ
ҭţһæ˵ŮƱǿ㲻ܸһʱӣڼסŵʱֻжʮˡ
죬²ʣǲϷ𣿡
ǣǡϷѽ
 

534 

û뵽ĸôشٴοһӣͻȻᣬ޺޵ְˣ϶ҽڱʹҳ޲ҲΪҵ̫ƽˣƾʲôҸ类ϳȥ
һ㶡
ǲܾӣûźôװױá
㣬˵أ
ӧɡ̩ͷɣð
ģһŮҡ
ܿˣ֪ϸıʣĿɿڴò˵̣ǰ˵µҪȥ
ðȥȥɡ
ûмģȴ
Ļ˵ӣǵĴСͼү˸סգСȥ㣬ڣ̽һķӦ
ǡ
УӰӰפءûʳԣӰһֻϣƾ̾ᡣ
ҡͷβƺʮ⣬ʣ֪𣿡
ҡͷ
ǣǿ϶
βʾԼܴ
Цóһĩϣ𣿡
ţܸȤͷƬ̣ĩûˡ
ĳ԰ٻΣЩȣ˼ż˵
һһģʣһأ
Ӳ֪ʱˣڿտա
ļĪҡͷ
¡ȥˣ԰Ѱ޹ڸѰһ飬һΣԼˣֻõȴ
ͬʱĳ߽һľ¥ӧš
ʮ½Ҷµǰ꣬ʵЩ⣬˼һ¾͵ݸӧ㿴֮ǰûȤģôͻȻҪǰӭȢ
꣬ӧþ˵£ɲȢȴƸӭȢ½Ҷһֱǿȴһ̬ǰɻ顣¶͸Ρֻ۷أ
ʵ΢̶Ŀһ˵ӭȢֻڣ
ԡΪ˳׷޸ۡľ˭֪ǹǼױ

ƶϣ縴ѾݾߣǱضץʱ䷢Ҫ׼
ûǶ³𣿡
һȢûʲôġշףղŻţ»ŵӸڶ³ʮвףҲûͨ籨š³ţӭףҸףأʱáֻҪ׼ܳţǳߡ
ʵףáӧͼоһ¡һҹ⣬ɴཻӧ
ǡ
ӧصоͼʱǸؽ˹
̫⣬פ˵ȥʺǶ밲̫Ƭ̰ɡ
á
ӹһ˿ĪĹ⣬ˡ
վϢǵ̨ס
йϸ˵̫ˡ檲Լ밲ֻ˸䡣
š˵˵ɣͼģ
ʮ¡ҹүͻȻʳ檱ΪǱڳ檸ʣǲ˽飿
̫һ
Ϧһȥٻ롭ҲˡΪү֪֪ˡ˶񡣡
Щ̫ʣôش𣿡
檼үĺأѾ˵ʵ˽ʹүֹƵĻ
šüôӦ
ʳ檡ҪʲôүŵʵܸģҲԸ
ʲô
ʺ󡣡
Ǳ˵Ǿ̫סβ˵㻹ǣҪ
ЦЦǻش𣺡үӦˡȴֻϷԡҲ˵ģûྩŹŮǸʱضʳԵġ
̾һ£˵檾үʤ㲢ྩⶼǱµ檹аգү͸檿˰ͼ˵ȻףƺʲôԶǬ檽ŽɣӲƾ£˳
û뵽ǰͼ̫ʣһأ
ܵĶиӣԱһɫĵ伮û֡檿İͼǴȡģһ벻֪
̫˼˵ҹ檼һˣԳƽӦ顣ߣ֪ò
Ӧ顱̫΢šü˼һͷ
˼⣬
ŮƬ̣ʺ֪ذȥٻ¸ܲ˻ʵۣ̫󰵵ġʱʵ˽
֪ͼֻаţƾż仭ģʣĸ˵ģ
ĥƬ̣̫˵̽һ¾֪ˡӧ书Ǻܸ𣿡
Ͻţʵ۵ͷĸ˵öԡ½Ҷ˵ҪǰӭȢɡҲ˶³ӭȢ¡ӧ˵ǿѡǸʱѡô֣ǰ׼ˡ
 

535 ݾ

ʱ䣬̫ЦһӧĴݾˡʶܵȾָȨɡ½ҶһãһԱ֪
üѱȨߣ
㲻ôƹЩ㲻ҪٶˣʲôЩƾǱQƵ̫ǹЩ©ֻ֮ӵġ
Ŷá
Ǯ¿ңĻ¸졣ּͻ飬ھͶڶ¶ʮȻǰְ˳ưѱȨһΪƽˡ
š
ۺ󶨼ʱ
֪ͼȴװ֪ЦŴ԰й䡣ɢһᣬ¾˵֪վƸ³ӭȢ
סˣ
ʵһ㶣æ˵լӵġ
լж󣿡
һ١ȽլСÿֻӱ΢Щ
Ҳ׷ʣֻ˵ãίˣЩްɡ

һûһйһᣬ¿ʲôȥˣվԭü˼ΣЦһ
ӧġ
ȻͶܺáȽҴݣһ˽ͨУͬı棬ųն
Ǻǡ࣬Ҳһ
԰һߣ˵˵ҹп϶ûĽֻ֪Ǹ͡

ƺү½ҶھõȨֳ¥ºү˵½ҶþŮ鳤Ȣɹţ鷳ϡǾȥȰܵҪĿⳤԶ
á
ʱһѾ¤˵иµѾÿͷˣ˾Ƕȥ̺˵ʲô֪
áסûʲôû˵㡣
סӹǮѾ߼װͷ
һʱϢ͵򸮣ҲѱļʵƬ̣ӧʹȥ
ѱȨ½Ҷ
£ǰ̩ϱټ½Ҷʵࡣˣ˳ˮ۰ɡ
ʮģʵ۶׼½Ҷǰɻ롣
һպ󣬻ʵ۲ةκھѡ㣬˾ӥڱƴ
գԭ˾ߪΪͳϽϹκһˡԭӥָʹ˾ҾθϽǧͬʱߪ½ҶΪͳϽ˾ǧ
ͬһգģ򶫴󽫾ڶ³ʮ־ְպơΰֱΰҾΪͳϽԭңԶоһȣգۼͽıȨһ롣ּͻ飬ǰһ¡
͢⣬۾ȻžȨĵŵ˲ζ
ϤϽ˺һѾӸ
ʵ۵ĵһЦƬ̾˵̶ȥһ˾УǮ¿Ч
ôɣǮ¿϶ס
ԡҪ
ýЦ൱Ź֣ץץͷðɡ
޳Щӳ̶İȫͷġȥˣ鸮ȫЩ
ġ˸ԵС˾Ӧ޳
Ƿɿس˳ǡ
ĺʱ֣һֽ͵Ǯ¿ǰ
Ϲһֱܷӵܣ֪½ҶǮ¿ɽ˳ȥѶΪ˻ֵǮ¿ˡ
˲ʲôˣɱظ
½Ҷʹˡҿ϶ȥġ
ӣ
û뵽½ҶոߪͶԼĶӣƽըˡҧгݰΣһİͳ
ӧܿˡ֪еĵξ˵ΪһɽЧȷʵΥġȻǮӲ⣬˾ƹܣίһ¡˵
˾ɡ
ǸְֲҪվڡҪ㵽
ƵشӣǮ¿ѡ˳˾
ʰο˼䣬ӧЦˡ
ƽĸӲ֪½ҶΪεõߪΪ˽ףǰӭȢɣͨ˵·Ǩӧ֪ȴû׼ǡǮ¿ȥ˾»һӵƹŰŵֵءڡ죬͵ھǰžӧ
ʮţǮ¿˾
ѶЦ˺һᡣ
ǺҾ˾˲ģƻҶʱˡȥ˾ضᱻģʱҿ㻹ܲô
ӧ׼Ƹ磬һݾߡðͼ̵ܵµǮ¿룬ͬǴݾߡʧĶòͶӧƽΪ˶ҲòӧȻˣһӧݽҴѹ߲׹ﲻ⣬˴ɡ
 

536 ͵

ྩণѦͻϢ꣬ķü϶ʹλʲô
ѩչ벻ͬ͢ȨΪ˾ԺУ˾ֱڻʵۡ˾бж϶ĲĲʹɻʵֱʹΪʹΪ˾ܿ϶ʹȨϲŴǵĵط񣬻ʱϲפ
Ƭ̣ķϢȥɡ
û뵽ͷ֮٩˼䣬ٴֵǲšͬʱĳصǣʮС
Ͼ̽ŮĸѾ߷̡
һҹʱ֣ĸӰǱ޵ǱƵ鷿棬һ󴰰뿪Ϩ
˸ƣԽ룬ںڰӦ
̺ٴγ֣һʧ԰Ӧ˳Ǳ˽š뿪ҸݶϹճҡĻ䡢躸档
һ֡Ϊ׵Ůӱ˾ܿջҪǿңǿЩ
죬ʣӮ𣿡
˲֪
˵䣬ŷˡһ鷿Ƭ̣ܾ˵ͼģϿڹˡ
̩ڵĲȫһĸŮӻص򸮡ΪժºڽʹһһͼԾȻ¡Ƭ̣ӧóǵͼԱһơǼأ
ͼһᣬ˵ӧΪ׸̫ͼġ
ԣӧһĥʣɵǲǽڣ
ǣΣ
һ㶡
ӳ죬ضҽȡֻҪõҩ˳κþ˲ѵġ֤֤ޣָ֤ʮǣǿûҪһ١˼Ƭ̣˵縴ѾݾߣǼȻȥġʵϣԽãǵʤԽ󡣻ʵ۱Ͼͳ
ӧͷ
գʵӧĻ˼Ƭ̵ͷʣͼģ
ԡΪȻʲôֻҪ̩¾ʦˣðɡ
á
ӿԽһ̬ƽ
³һһۡ͵ǰʮױؾǡʱ䣬ʵӧһȻһ͸ӥ֡ɡ
³߷ٴοҵ֯˴ǰֲѡ̩ûҲû¸ž˾˸ͬҿ㣬ûƣޱȡ
Щӣ컻żæլҲż๤ɡӦһǰĴٹˣɷԸкˣԺȥ
һСʮ䱦ĴһյսƷ
ۻң̲ס˵˵ļáֵܶ˽˵ֻдͳļһϸˡ
ˡСŽ˵ڶⷿЦЩζѡһ͸ðɡ
һ㶣лˡЩڹأְġ
͸ġ
죬ܣ˿⣬ЩһüǮν޹»ְҵˡ룬˵ֵǶᾡְصģҪʹͣ˲طġ
ЦЦɾ˵һǵֵ棬ұ˺ڹ
΢ɫˡҰ¶ǰչģͨڣҲڷ֮ڡʲôڹ֪Ӻ˵𣿡
㣬ЧҴͳ죬Ϊң
㵣æ˵Ϊҡ
֪֮ս𣿡
ͷ
á˹ѵפͼ͸¶й𣿡
һ쾪ȵؿɺһ˵ôأй¶
ûشζ˵ĹŮɣ֪֪ǡһﵽĿģ㣬Ҳ֪ɡ죬ִ˵㲻İģֻԼǰ;ˡԴ˵۹⡣ʱҴȥһˡеͳ죬ƾ˹ͣʵۻ⿪͸㡣

ˣվŷ
³ʱٴλ鸮δڸ£һСһȥ
̻ʱȥˡ
ˣһСѾﵽŸ󣬵̣ūʲڴ˵ЦүǸСˡӦ顣ŴСҸ߹ֵܽġ
Ӧ飿
ԡ
ԸүȥӪ裬ū澾Ͳˡ
ץӣ߶һŸǮСѾȥˣʣδҪҪү
̣ȻϢǺβͷֺã
 

537 

¸Ʒñʱٽ˾͢ĻϹ´ƬһӴӵϱһʣӦ飿û
˾ȣٰϲæ˵ûҴС㻹үȥӪе΢
Ϲ²үҿС϶̩ͨˡǲպ󡭡ܷɡһүǹˡݺôδϡ
ͼϹǵʣ˵ǶͷֶΣ
ҾôС̫󣬰̩ı档үۿ治ãģǼҲܾȥϴνı棬ȹЩǣһСЩöѽ
ܾãѾӦ飿
ԡ
֪ˣذɡ
ٸˣϹ¶˼
Ȼʱ⵹һվ˾ʮ·ڡ꣬ڼԺע⵽̫ܲӣ֮գոڶ
ĶˣԴ˷ɻڴ
أ
ĳ緹Ȩţܾúȥˡ
ʵ΢£һüӦ飿
ǵġǵӦͳиӣˡ
˵ߣ֪飬ŮҲ֪飿
²ǵġҽ޷½
ڰ֣ϰ䣬ġܺá޻ǵĹ͡ȥɣװʲô֪ﰲֵ㣬ݾߡ
ǡ
Ϲ¸˺󣬻ʵòЦһʺ֮λˣߵáǺǡôθڣˣ
Ϲ³ʱһ뿪˰¥ѩˣ˼ȡܿռţӦ޳˵㣬ڴ͵˵ɵġЩӣԺ˸üۣ̽ӡ
ӹһ˿ӣЦЦ֪Ҳ²⼴ȥʱҲᷢѣҪЩ
ġӰҹﶼġ
Ȼ
֪ʧԣӦ޳εץͷסԱǸӡΪ̲̫ܴҲè
һۣ˶ӣ
û˵ӣֻ˵ǵ书á
Ʊ磬Ƕ˵ܼܵ䣬˸
ֵսǴ˫۾ϼҽܸԶ
ҹˡ
ѩԽԽ
ѩУ߽˾뾩ջԶӰ¡ڰУ߳ʲôû˵ʾϡ
˸䣬ǴһСţһԺ
һյµ£ԡ
ʱǰĬΨһı仯ݺ˰ʧӰ١
Ų죬̧ͷ˹֣빫ӡ
֣˽գɷ
ǣش𣺡빫ӻۡҾݾһ͸˵ˡ
첻ɵüβʣݾ֮սʱ㲻𣿡
ȷʵǡҲǱ׷ɱͣƬ̣˵߾ʧأǻϤѩչ£ة˾ټɱȫءǶһգиüߣԮĴѹͻһ֡ʱҷѲسǱķߡ
صʮգݾűǱ߸е˿̽ʱʿͻϮһСɵоһоϣһͼͼͱѪ͸֮»óפͼ
ȷͼǡɱķ߱ͼôأֵԡѪսʮգܴй¶ȥ֮£˲ִٵ񣬲ԸҴͼҹ̸
ݾ뿪ɱǵķҹ̡һգ֪·ĺ׷ѣݾǱ븽ɽ֣С·ǡʱѾ϶Լ񵽵ͼضȻ˽׷ᡣѪսգһϱڸΧ׹ȡʱʤԪˣԱʬɽδʿһҴ档
ԭɺϵصеһǱˮǳʯ̲ϣǡñɽԵңԶ֮ӵıӻ¡ûȵͼĳűңһҹ佭ɽ
Ŀɿڴ췢βʣǣ˭ɵģ
𣿡ɵݳһų¾ɵͼаơ
ӹϸţʶ˴־Щ
˵õִ˵չˣڱһЩʱյġ
ǰǣǡ̧ͷʣͼģ
Ƭ̣ɲŻش𣺡ͼѪˡɻƻûȫסȻʱڱʹõĸǩѺ԰ɣǩѺһ˲֪ΪֻǴ浵õġ֮սǰ̫ӹűʱıĸסϧǶѾˣ޶֤
 

538 

ͼܾãżһ仰ʲô
죬ֻ࣬ο֮顣ֵšϣ㲻Ҫǽ
סȭϵɫ˺һŵʣ㲻Ҹܣ
ҲϾЧþ˵ѪҳϡԼɡ
Ĭ˲֪ãתʧҹĻ
ȥݺתң졣
ɣôɷǳðյġһأ
Ҿòᡣ
ꡣ
ҪҪģ
Ӯʲôô
˰ֻӥ͸Ұɡ
ңһ㶣üëһ룡Ҷģϧء⻰ǧޱ˶ĺ𡣡
״ݾЩ빫ӣǻ᲻Ѿˣ
Щӽžڵ˾ӥǵ󡣵ڵսҪǱƴָӡʱ򣬳žͽˡ
˴˿ңչֵ
³ߣʱĿ̣³˵ʱ£図ԼӭסûľٶټװŮƣȻ򷢶ס
γˡټٿһ¾ͻݣƬ̲ʣδӭף᲻᣿
ȷʵ΢ǸϽͳɡ
ãϽȥȥү
ǡ
δɱŴСųȥˣȽؽ鷿Ϲڿɳ©
Ļü˵ɱ£ǲ岻֡
ү¶ǣ᲻Σգ
ֻǻӣɻլ˿̵Ҳõģϣ¶Լ㡣

뿪鷿վ˺һỹǴĸѾȥլӦŮ
ʱ˽Σݣźɴ¡ʼգɲӰҲûԵѾӡϲºɴܣʾ޵Ѿﵽǰ⿴Ƭ̺ѾߴҴһͷУС㣬㿴
ﵽǰ̽ͷһ²г߰˲⣬ģж̳źĹ
ס죬ת˺һס˵Ѱ϶ȥҸ磬Ҿ˾ҲС졣
ǡ
СĵؿţѾŵ˳ȥֵȺѰװϲƵ¡ӣ
Ҹӷͷɱ鸮ͳ츮ʱһѾ߼Ҵҽ޵
ʲū澴ŻظǶ˼С
У
ԡһ
ԽԽòԣץָ˰βʣģ
ϲʱһ̾ͳȥˡ
үأ
ƺ鷿
ðΣҧסҪҡ
ظմŮ뿪֪ܲˡĬһ£ԳһЦˡѡ񡣡
С
ϾµġСأ
ϲ˵빬ƶС
סܲһ¼ƻƺûһʣʲô
ūŲ֪š
дţۺãȴҲȷˡ빬ܱסۺʱ䡣ȶţײӡ򡣡
סΣܲڵվԭض˸ȦæԸŷȥˡ
Ǻܿˡ
ǵ飬˾㵲ѡ
Ĭ˺һᣬǿѹǣ˵С˵öԡ˿̾ѳɼڣۺǰǲܾסǣá
û뵽ô˵ܲס˶پ˵ֻȥˡǶСǲô죿
ǿԼҪȥЩĿܣƶػش𣺡ġܾŷǰšҴɱΪʵǰ֣Ȱѷ˺͹С͵ֺݱܰɡ
Ŀʧܵܲվ˺һס˵¤˰ߣҲߡ
ǡ
¤ȥʱҶˡ
л¹ġ檲ߣڸȺ¿
΢ʣһأ
΢Цһ£ش𣺡۳ɰܣ檶ŵ¡
Щݣɵס֣һġ
Ҷʮֶµȥ֪˿̲ġץסվһᣬܲŻͷһԵܾܾǰСǻ᲻ȫЩ
ȭ˵£ʱš룬СҲϣֻӮˣԶȫ
΢ܲĬĬͷ
ڼǽš̫УءʵϾЯŮҲأ΢ü⣬˸˵̫̩ҹٱ
 

539 

̫شؼЦһǣΪүڵİɣ
񣬾Ͳ㲢޳ͻα̫
㡭
檲²֪ʱ׼԰ɣ
üһŭ֪
ȷʵ֪
ԣӧʣʱ
ʱ֮ʱ֮ǰ
ʵüΪҪ㣿
ֻ˵ʵ벻ǣʥá
⻰̲ס˵²Ҫĺ˵˵ͰΪ̩ˣϦһϯȥٻ룬ٶΣͼ
һҲȥˣΪΣ
ҾʮֿɣԸȥ
㿴ʲô
Ȼ
״ʵת˵Сǣ˾ٱŵͨɸҶʣ
֪˭ٱ
˳ȥ
ûãϹ´˽
Ůͫ΢
ٺ޺޸һǣѡӦ顱ӪԼСŮֵĹһ顣
꣬ɫȷʵӦ顣ү˵檾ŵٰܼܵһСˣ鸮㡣ˣӦŸ߳檽ҹ¡
û뵽ôشڽȻ
һ£ڵʣɫ˵ܵȥӪʲô
ûҶ׽ֻҰã
⡭
ߡǣ㲻ҪϹˡôó裬һֻҰòŷȥ׽𣿡ü
ûͳȥ׽ӣ̫˰ɡҲĸѳ
µֱҧ
ʱڼ£ʺ

Ů˺ܿ硣ܻԹɫӧ֪縴飬һҵʺڣ¶㣬ڻʵǰװͻݡ
лãʺûоܾŮʱһ¡
ϣʺ˵£ǰƽ淸ڴͨ檾ǸçײˣЩ»һ
û⣬ʵ۵ͷ
ѡ񡱵жʵ˵ˡµᶨָ֤淸ıлὫٻȡһԺһЩĽ
ţϸֳֵ顣
ԭϳġ
ѹûϳ
̫ˡԼϯ˼ҶƲϡ
Щ⣬ɫ˵ô࣬ʵǿѨ硣ǧټָ֤ǾɰˣҡҲ㳳ҲûбҪ£Ը˴ġʱ֮ǰƽ˾ǾǳѣɱιСжǾﳼ檣½乬
ݺݵصŽ㣬£Ҫĺ˵˵Ϊ浳ʱ䡣Χ̩Ҫѵȷˡ
״һתԵ£иеķӡ
Ŷ
˿ڿָ֤淸ȴû֤ݣϲĶԼȴ͸ϲһơܸʵ͸ҩǣѵ֪ݹУ˼ɵġ
ʵһ㶣̫ȴͻȻڣĻеСǣɸ𣿡
˵ʵȻ飬á
ӻȥƬ̺󣬶һơ
ϲ֮îʱ֮ǰᷢ
ƱһƱ봽һ˲һԼġ΢飬̶ɬ
ǿаֹĿζ£¾Ʊ治ɫ
û뵽˵˶ЩȡĬһ˲ӧͻȻʣĸţ
šĸţ֪
š赭дȴ͸Īζа˺һᡣ
ɳ©ͣʱˡ
һ̡
̡
ʱ̣һ̫ɱ
£ĶϽ˵лҪ

ϽסСܽһ㣬ʱ£լȥݿգۿʿۼǰԺºȥˡ
£ҽΪʱ䣬Ҫ̩һɡȷˡ
£ŮۿڰǧȷУŮص﷢Ͻ̲ˣС˵ȥºǿ϶ͨˡ¸ϰǻ
ӧ˵أ
оٱȼºɡ
׼
ӧȥٴξ
ʼգϹһԲĸĶŮԡν֮һֻ󣬵һ޵ļĸŮĲͣɱһֳ̬幫ǣѰ˼Ҳǡѵܹߣëǡһ֣Ϲѡ˻ʵۣ͵ڷ˳Ľܣ˿Ȼ泤Ůʲô
 

540 Ӯ

ûǵеĸ׺ãĬĬʱ䣬ץסָȴޱ顣
ʹ֮⣬̽
˸дӳиǱֱڽլԺڰУ̱ӡͳ츮԰ڷɱ롣
ˣڳʮפͬʱϮв֪ʧΡ
󾪣վ˼Ƭ̾˵˾ܺӰͷԮ£֡
ǡ
ڰɱºף᳤ޡң岻֪ʱˣͬף˫֡Űʿ
ĸ˸ߣ½ˡʵۻɽȴŰֺݱܣǣǣǵͷ̩
ץסޣҡͷң壬ҳç޸Ҷ֮ǰɱɱϰ˵ġҶ̣ҵĲܶڵﱤ޶ԡ㲻ҪȰˡ
û뵽˱뺷һ棬ңһʱ䲻֪˵ʲôźá
̣⡣ܵܶ㵽ֺȥ
û뵽ݱ˾棬Ͻ̳Ĭһ²˵ǡ򲻹ӣǧӢۡ
Ůͬʱ
ү߰ɡþ˷˷ġϽ̣½֣Ӧ޳Ҵȥ½˯ˣ˿֪ȷѪ꽫
ȥ㣬ˡ
ˣΧ˸ۡ
ǽסǣֵǡ
ǡ
δº⺰ɱ졣
ͬһʱ̣˾פأ껿߽˹Ϊ񣺡󽫾߾Ǿӵ
ļ磬ʣ½ҶΣ
ûж
룬½Ҷо
ǡ
һĹɱ룺½ɽԣδ顣
һ㶡ûãбҾͻȻΣȥྩ½ҶˣİΣԮྩ
ǡ
գۼ䣬˾ع£УۣƬ̺󣬷۵糸ֱྩǡ
˾֮ʣӥѷּྩ
Уǰһ
ߣ֡һ㶡
ô⣿
Ҳ뽫һ𾲴ɱ䶨һ
£üƾǧס
򣬲֪ʤ㼸Σ
򣿡
һ֡
ſչһ䡣
󽫾Ҫѱ£
ֽҹıҲΪ˶λҪ尲֮ս顣νࡣհĽҵաʱ˵أһǾΪá
ʲôϵ
սǰķй¶йֽǣҪҶ԰ɡ
ץץ֡ϵ仯˺һųʣĲҹȥ
㻹֪ɣδ󽫾˾ǧѾԮྩˡﻹǧžñ
û뵽ָˣ֡ɴ㵲ѣĬһ²˵𣿡
ߣ֮ʣӯҲġ
֡Ŀ΢ûٳ
Ҳ
֧شںڰȡ
ס֡ʱǮ¿ֵվڱų¥ϡŰҹúþһسǾܵǰУˣˡţ͹
ס㣬ȥͳ졣ţ
ǡ
Ǯ¿ǸèָӵЧĹ˲̣šʧءŴ󿪣½ҶӶű룬ֱ˻ʹ
⣬ңᵶһſȱ۶˾
˵ļϢȻӧɱ˻ʵۡ½Ҷߪ˾ĶҶϡǣ½ҶǿĿǣԼ϶ȥð֮ս˵֡ǡ֮գķǡڱϮӧİפأͬʱϮšʧȻִӭսҲûԮȱָӵȵĳžˡŴ󿪣½ҶһǴԴʵ۵Ԯ
˷ֻ߽⣬գۼͰѻʵ۵ʮ䡣ͬʱѾԽǣ
ɳ©Ѿʱˡ
ɳ©ͻȻ˵㣬ˡ
δʱʲô
䣬һ̫ɱ룬£ѵ
ʵ͵ץס֣Σ
ͳѾΧˡ
áӧȵİţʵ΢ɡ
̫£ǿ˿ãˣԸķ䣬ˡ
һüҼʱˣˡĽţᡣ
𡣴ıǻ֮ƣﵽĿģٺ졣
 

541 ɱ

һĮգ£檽ѽѺǰȥѾض˼ɵġ
ʵû˵ȴͻȻ˵£檾ǰе㲻Ծֻɱ
˻һ˶һ˿棬ɲ
ʵ۳žʣأ
£ѵܴӺδ붼ᵽġ밲ʱʡ
룬ʵ۵ͷȻԸ˸Ų鿴ս
ȡڰУӰӰپپӧǵĻ˽䱸׼յС
ͣƬ̣š
أ
ûرյĹţվڶǰе߸ߵĹǽ
֡
һΣʵۺ̫ûվڸ߸߹ǽϸģӧ
ֻ۶Ƭ̣ӧʣɣ㡣Һܾȣ㵽ôӳģ
ôֻʣͳԾȲʤȯˣ
ǰ֪ʱ빬ܣŵġѹ𣿡
ЦһĸŶһġ֪Դͺñȵ꣬Ǽٴʥּš֮ǰõĶӦԪͳ죬ΪжŻڼսвɣǻ㾡ӧʱףÿ˶һٴġ
ӧɫһšģȻ͵ҵĺ
ֹӰ򾡣㲻֪ɣӰÿǶܿͻġ
Ӱÿ֪ȥӧɫ䣬ϲ㣬ܺáץ㣬һ֫С޻˵һ֣ż
뷢
ļ꣬ʶǸѪȷҹ˸׾еĽȵƣ
дŵǧ˰ǵҴҴŹ¡˿ң뻮һؾһصĶƣƺͿʲôذļ귴ȥ
󣡡
һֻֻ͹ŹֵӶƺۣ̽ƿա̳ԤϣԽǽֱǽһЩݺڳ¥ᶨȼաһʱ䣬̻ƣٰмŲҽУ˱Ż淭³¥
죬Ƶסٷż
ζ벻ɵ¾˾װӧ֮һغڽʱһƬɱ˷ɱ
ͳ죬͹᧿Σ
ûϵѾֱӧһţȥ֧Ԯ߾׸žøҸ˽һϮѾٸŴӦ˾
žܿǮ¿ֻվԶװźι˸˸ʵ۵ӵǷ׷ǲӳԮţʹѾܵС
ʲŵ½Ҷ
½еоԮ
ǡһǧǿסţǿʱͳˡ
ǡ
Ŷ̱ӣɱ졣
ྩ⣬סŶİıˡ껣ҪҪ
󽫾ǰı࣬ȥᵢ˳¡˵Ƿġ
ץ̩ѾԻܡݺһڣĵš
û׷ϣңһ֣ǼضšŽˡ
ǡ
սʱ̩鷿ܲһװϵϽ
괺ů뾩Զݡ΢óϽֻ˵Ļ游͸޵ģҪԶУɡܲĸǰ˵ϣȨУһڰ빣òıѾĿġȥɣЩɵӡ
һμԼĸס벻Ϊӣλɳ߱λĶС
䣬죬ܾ˽
£ɡҶѾʲλҸ˽ȫ룬ǳɡ
̧ͷܾ˿̻ȥü
ǵ¿ײ쾪ӵĺɲ֪ȻµĶδʵ۾λǷѣͳգ²ǹ𣿡
ΣһվյΪãɻ󣬱㵣߱λɷȥΣӡһᣬǱض׵塣ǲΪĹʧꡣ
壬ס֮Ȩ򸸻ʵıӻá֪ȴӲΪӡ
ˣΪ¿·
һᣬáߣ
ǧʿӵֱܲš
⣬Ŵվţֱűƽľӡ
Уξǣǿȥͳɣ
֣һ·
 

542 ԩ

ʱ̣̫оÿ¡أõɱӹŷ
֪ս½ţѵϬʵЩĸꡣüķһɱء
£ŵѵͻȻˡ
Ȼʵ˱£ŵѾ֪ʲô˹ţͻΧˡͳ׷ˡ
ԣʵɫһɡûˣֻܽʵ£Ѿš
ٴһһŭȥסӧأ
δͣһƵ졣
͸ĺظУͳƳƺԶŵĺԽʱնȴصػصྩϿգصÿһĶʡ
ʶأͷβɱĸͬʱͣһ£תͷʹķ̫УͬʱŤͷ
ĬһϢ̫İ𣺡ӣȻײ˾ӣ
ʵһ
ʱӧ˽£ʧְ̩ײ˾ӣѾ⡣ʾ¡
֪̩ΪʲôԼ鷳ȴȥײӣʵ۲ɵÿһǣ֪ΪʲôҪȥ𣿡
£̩˳صϻλ
£üƬ̣ʵתʣ˾ںδ
Ѿǣܸܿϵ
֡أ
û˵꣬һ£׹У˾Ѿ⡣
һ̶Ƭ̣ʵЦȻȥˣּϸ
ۺݡ
һ֣̫ѺǸϡϹȻҪȥġĸŮں档ԥҪҪȥһ̫߹˵ˣļõָ֤̩ͥıǴһ
·һȥ״ȻϽһذףɱ㣬һݡ
⣬̩ͻʵ۵ľӱ˴˶ţɱʱƽϢȴš
ʱƻ
ۺڽı£
׹СԱ룬ԡ
ﶦʢĵƻ̩ȭȿ롣ɡܾ󡣿վڽ£ǲԼͬ˿
վܲڵ£ײӣΪһҪ̱¡
£
ôݱģ
ΪĵܹıǾʱıʱұ˲ŲΡ
ѣܲóһֽ˻ΣǼڳŲ䱸ĿڹԱУǨϴ£糯оΪáӼ巢ˡ㣬˸ʡ㱻ѵ⣬˼ڸģȻıʣ߸ԶЩǸطĿ׵ٵĺۼÿһҳжױǩѺ磬Ըô͵ģ
Щֽʵ˵ߵܣʵ۾ֱ˵ðʣαĿݡã˾ٱ㹴淸ͼıȻ޳ȫ㡣˵˵ɡ
˶٣˵䣬̩Ѿۼȫ˼УĥŮԣò¾ٱ
ߣ˵úáߵܣˣ
ǻ¼׾˵ҹ淸̫ɷ˰ɣ
һ㶣ʵۿϹ¡
ҧҧϹ˵淸Ӧ鱻Ů鸮Ǵ̩ġ
Ӧ顱ιһ̶վ˵£永ж̩ۡ浳ң֤ȷ䡣
δԼǡ
ʵ۵ӵǷ׷վָܲ淸α֤ݵߵڰףơһƬУةΪ׵ԼΪ׵׹ͬ˳Ĭ
һû˳֧̩ʵЦʣߵܣл˵
ѲӦ飿˭֤ͬͬյأ
ʵٴһ㶡
״һת˵̩ҽٱı׿ڳ淸Ӧߡ
Ŀ뿴˹
߽Уûעսֻų⻭ЩܣĿһϵһƬơ
е
ЩЩԣǶǡ֣ȻʵװѶĶ
ǰ۾ֱڵʣǣ㲻˵ˣԱº̫˵ľٱ˵һѽ
һȻعһ¸׾ߵ˵ӦȷʵӦԪͳĶӡ淸ǳԩδѩ永һ׮ԩ
ˣҺ
£Ƿֱϲ˵ɡԵ
΢΢ü̫˿ǣһ¶ӵ˵˵ɡ
̫꣬ܲӲҸϹ䷢֡ظĸ׸дܱʺԴ˻ȡٻĸ׾ܾȰ㡾ְء
 

543 Ȼگ

û뵽֪˴£Ϲɫ΢䡣
ͣһ£ǵЩԶĸ׷Ŀϵ֪£öϽΪǣߣҸԴ˻Ͷ˶ǣߵӡ
ͷϹȵסڣ˵˵ʱ㲻ڼң֪죬졣
Ҳ֪ĸôµģ֪յ̫ӣı˽ͨȻʵĳϯݡ
һﾪ
ʵرɫָǳ⣺ˣޣ
óһⷽ˿Խ֯ɣ԰巨дţԪʮһʮڳƽСֿ̫˽ϯݡǰȥ淢Ȼȴ乬Ȼܣȴǰȥ
ʵһ
̫ȴİڹвѵõҸɫϼ֣Ǻܼߣ̫ˡϱȻ乬һ˵Ļ֤ݣǣǿˡ
һɨǣ淸ڶףϴǣɡĸﷸ˵ԼԩأߣЩ֤ݲΪƾ
̫Ͱ̩һϵó֤֤ˡ
⻰һֱûǰùе˿󣬵ڣ̫˵öԡ˿ﻹһ֤ȻҪ̫ӵԭҲ²̫󶼲֪ɡ
پ
κüëһ̲סһɣ⻰˵
û˵֪֮ս飬֮౨ȻʡȻ֣ھͬⷽ˿ϡ
ʲô飿һֱڵٸϹٷصʡ
פͼй¶ѩչ˶תͷһһϵݾ
óžͼɱǵķϸ˵һ顣
һ㾲
ĬãϹٷʣ˽ͨй˭ɵģ
ͼϵĻǵõĸǩѺҲ²⣬̫˾Ϊãȴ½衣̫׼ƣѱ߾ıֲͼй¶й򼸳̣ܰ½뾩ǡ̫Ӳɡζ벻ѩչһ·࿭פͼ֪¼ù⣬Ѷͼʧ϶ɱǵ˱ض˸ϻذ;׷ɱɳѩչ԰ɣͳ졣䣬ɰѵ˸˾Ųʮ
𺳲ϣǴˣʵ۶ؿӧ
ӧüȴ˵
ͳʵȢˡķ˽䣬ѩչ߹û˵ɣ
˼ʯ
Ƭ̺ӧЦƵɣڣݡ˵úܾʣ֤𣿡
ڡһһδˡ
ʣһȺʿӿ껡ϹЯ̤롣
Ȼ٣ˡ˾ѾΧţֻһ¡
ߣֹˡáѵ
ʡ
֮ʣһ롣
Ӽʿٴӿ룬׶룬򶫴󽫾䡢ӥ֡ɣ½Ҷ󡣿Ҳڣ½Ҷü΢ȻץסƷ絶
ǣʵͷ΢ݣ䣬㾹˽ԵҪı𣿡
£֮ս鳼ö꣬ڹڻʹ֮ڡı±ɱΣֽڳ⣬ֻΪʵڻ⡣
δٶ⣿ʲô
ǵͻȻλսβȻگ
گ
ڽԾ
һ˲̫İ𣬡ɱ
ӰգӲһǡ
½Ҷ岽ѽ㵲߲⣬ӧЦһٴξٵ
Ҷˣ
һϺȣɰνϡ
ͬһ̣ʿźϣҶ֣ս
ӰʱվϽͻȻĿһγذ׳϶㣬䡣
ǺգˣۿһҪı
ģ
Сǣ
ܾܲͬʱƳȻȴ֮
̼䣬Ӱһš

Ͻҽˤ岽ץɼǡ
һֻӯǵļͷ
عתݸСˡ
һֱܵϵ˿ڣͻȻ˷衣ȥʰذɱ㡣
˵ϻ½ҶһٵɨһӰ˦˳ȥײڵܵϣһˤһţҽƬ
״תת飬һ½Ҷͷϣٴڿգˡ
һ䣬˶ߵ״ӧȴĿһٴΰε
Ӱڿգһ
£
 

544 

䣬ŷܾ½ҶͬʱԾǵĵӰЦһȻϲסɣ
飡
һ˸Ը˵ˣӧЦһٴλӵ
ӿĵ˿ޣʵʡһ̣ʵ
Բ
һսذεͬµط˦ϧһ֮ǧ֮ңӧ̤֮ľ磬ؾȣѾˡ
һ˲ܲҪ촦
䣬һŰͻȻ
أ
Ƶصӧ类׻㱩ʮǿϵסΣ㵵صһŴסһơȫӳһһ˿ۼ
˿̣ƯڿУᶶһ¡˲䣬΢΢һΣ˶ԾشסԼͬصơ
ǡʱӰפɺеغӰ졣
أתʹķ򡣼ͬʱӰϵӰڵԾ𣬼ֱ˻ʹ
ع΢΢üóһֻԲǣָߵ
ĺߺ̵͵һҡ룬չûڰʮֻķɢȥ
춯֮ʣӰɱѽѷ֡͵ʲôһ˦Ӱתһһֻӯϣҡҡ
ʹ
սͷʩչ£ʹȥӰȴ㵵صֻϢɫ䣬ͳ츮ϻء
ͬʱ̳ķǡ˸ʹȥû뵽ͻȻѪôѶڽԴ󾪣׷˦ָԮһǵȥһţҴ£вͬʹ
ԮɱʱѾϻߣץסһգæʣû°ɣǼܲΣҲͶӲһǡ
УһЦû
ͣٵ˲䣬Ѹپ£ܲ˵
߶Ƚ䱸ضӧɵʣگģ
˿ǸƵĻƣڣʹ׵طסͷҽУһԵ
Сǣ
һܲһѱס
һɸæͷһСǣôˣ
棬Щӧǵ£͵ؿЦڣŮҪˡѪǱｨϵǱӲһӲһ̫ˣҪˡúã
ŸСǡ
˫Ŀգ԰׵÷ҡԼƮƻصǰһɲǡֻһƳУƬȻɱ档
ӳõͼκòԼǰƳʱһۣױӵƺڶʡ˼еŶ϶
˿̣ȴؿԾ˵еһٻȻ
ʱӧ̶Цʹķˣ룡ҧסҪȻԾƴһֻͻȻץסۣŴ̫ռǡ
һ㶣ʶһǶȥö޴ĻռŵۣŴеһ
³ģȻҪ̫ӣӡǸգگϡ
סƬ̣ɿǵ֣ܲ
ҶҡǸ¶ϵھȦƣƬۣ¡ܾŷǱǡ
ֵǴǰ
һǱȥķӧͬʱ𣺡Ǹסǡ
ٴλս
սٻغϣԽսԽ¡һӲӧһһУڿԽصĽǸ
ؼʱ̣˶ס˺
ʱżƿɵĺ󱳡ڰգȻȹս˾Ť磬ܿǰֻһסĵֻ˳Ʋֻǿлֻ֧Ҳ޷ܣۣݺĺ󱳡޴ĳײ֮ɺһȴӲ£ǿᾫǰˣһ¿ס
żɫ䣬ʵһӺ˳
ڻܾͬ
ٸҲסߴļʸۿɾҪɴ⬣һ˾ξɱ룬󽫾ǱΧˡ
δ䣬һξԵһ֧䴩ı
һʿ룬Ϊֵ߳ףǳֺء
һֶһϣ¼ʸɭȻֺǿ󣡡
ҫڵ׼˵ۺӧһ˵ȡżͲܻؾȣǿͻȫɴ⬡
û뵽Ҳˣ̫ŭӣأҪ췴𣿡
̫ǷȻӵ¾ʱӦ޳룬ʿѺһˡ
ʵۣ߱λ߼޻ϧֻ֣֤֤ڣ㻹
 

545 ɽ

һĻĻת۵ӿԹ߶Щزһ£ةκһ˵ܺô£˭
ӦԪҵҾӦ顣
ߣϹ¼˿Ӧ޳ǸĿƽСˡ
һ±סһˣ˵йǼٴʥּڲƭԶ빬֮ǰΪȡϹµĶŮģ½ͱʼдһ͵Զ֪б䣬ơԶǶϱдм빬ʵۣЩ˶֤
ŵһŮӲҵһЦ̣ȥӡҲǣŮˣԲסˡ
ࡣ
ԭ֮ʱ˾ǣΧţΪʤȯաȻͬӱ
ֱ˾ϸʹʲӶǣһ˳϶ӵĻһץп֪ܵߣƽࡢ¡ӡδϵһ˵ȡÿ˶ߣۼȥسŵڼ˹ʱй
û뵽㾡˵Ḻ̌ڵأɸֹ
ԣٴοڣ£µ񣬻ȻگΪסλˡ
ûگأ½Ҷվ̩ߣƽͷһݣʡ
ûگ̩ٴʥּܺأ
û
󽫾
ǡ
ةࣿ
ˡ
̩أ
ûּ⣬ܲ־ܡ
ͷ˵붼ͳɡ
סۣ¡
ǡ
ϸ΢ϢѿһֻлȻĿ
üһ¼껡Ϲ㣬ȻƲע⵽ǵĶбһƳס
Ŀ֮£ǿѹԾκ
ة򿪡
һκӹС
аһƾһۣһơ
ˣʵگԻ
̫ʫ飬ȴвŶ޵¡˷ͣ˽ͨ׷ϣݺҡ˿㣱壬Գ¡𣬷̫λܲΪ̫ӡ
ȻݶŽ̶ģı֮ġ⣬̫ܲگ̳дͳ¡
»кܶС֣дȰɣ̫вǳд֣ױдּ⣬һȥٻ̩ܲУԺʷ졢̫⡢־㲢楸ػܣԱ⣬ơ
Ǳд̫ĸУݲ̰˰٣پٵ֮սľй¶׮׮֤ɽ
д°ϧ֮ģϧ̫ǫڲػıթΪΪ¼ƳȴȨΪȥбضȺУԩ̫նλȻŻѪ֮ҵ̫֣֮ԶΪ֮¡
š
̫ɷϡʵ͵ץס
Ƕ벻λ֧Ȼʱ£վһš
һƽڣĿõܵܲҳѣͺԼĶһ塣嵽;˵СڽŻǼõģΨһĻǶЩ˼ЩˡꡣνĻǳ㿴µʱ㿴ѾӮˣȴһӡһӲһֵĹؼǺǡΪһصĵط
ţʵԼĸʡʱ˶ҩ΢΢һЦסҵһ֮ǰԶ¡
غݺݵܵܣʣ˵ôҵģ
ĬȻƬ̣ܲش𣺡磬̫ܲС
Ǹˣһֱƭңʹͨˣǲǣ̫͵صʡ
̫󣬵֪֮ս飬ô޶ԣ׾˾ˡ
Ŀѣ̫˻ߵغ˳ǻŸʲô
عѾû·ƻһֻСɻڹһֱ̩ͬһʱ̣Ź
ϣ
һ󣬲Һѵŵһ
յʣһ۵Ѫ֡ɣһ¼ףϥ򵹣꣬ꡣ
ڽһ㶣̩ΰݡ
꣬ꡣ
ȥϹڵأߵݡϹһ˵ȴľá
ɽ糱ӿͷһɡֱ˿̣ڵȵɽӶһգңǻͬһƬؼ䡣
ԾЦһ£ԼƮ
ֱʱ껲ųصصڵϣŵһѪ۴ü両֡ѪƬοԣϣұϡѾоֻۣҡ
 

546 Ҫ

涸תУӧʼվһ£ĮŵеĽ˼
ĬȺ䣬ֳܲҲɫ𽥻ҰܣЦߣӮˣǸӮˡƭޣƭޣ㲻ھǣЩӲؾô֪ģ
ǽڡҴûɳ߱Ĺ磬Ҵġֱң֮ࡣô꣬۰㣬㣬̫ӣĸǻʺΪʲôҪ
𽥱ߵ飬ʵʧصЦҲ£ˣԼ̵һʲôɻǿҲ˳ۡұ֤Ҹģŵ˻ʵۣɸһ֮֮ϵĻ壬Ҫҵ״˵ôϢ
ˣȴ˵ˡĹңľӣȴǳй㵽ʲô
ߣʲôΪʵۣɱᣬ쾭塣ԺҸӹ֡ݺݵ˵꣬ʵ۵ɣڣǽڡǲԣôģ
ڣмˣΪʲôûѪӧͻȻʡ
תͷǿűϵʹվ˵֪Ҹ㡣ʦһףҡұʬ˳ǣʦķѰؽҵʬ塣ӧʦҽͬޣңҲûΪ׷ٵİפءʱ˿̣ĹѾˡ
УʦնӰҡĹΪò㲻ȥġ̼
ɫ䣬ӧŭЦΪӮˣ
ʱܾͻȻƳʲô͵קܲСı󡣡
Ϣ档
һ˲ӧٴλӵֱ˽ڡ
û뵽ӰͻȻ֣һգۼķӦһߡִֵٵһ֡ܵĵڣӧĵһƫֱܲ
룡
Ƴһһߣ½ҶӦ޳ŷѾԾ𣬽סеŻҡ
˳ļһˤ˳ȥŻһɢڽڶ䡣ԾһȻ壬һͨٴӰûҧֻɻҡͷ
û뵽Ӱӧ͵˦䣬ϲһңҧ
磡
ûû¡Ǳ𳳡㣬ԭлһҡһңôס񣬽̧ʾԼްۿһŻңȰ˵
˵ذһβ͡
ôںöǶﲻ棬ȥɡ
˵ĿⶼԾϣ㵵ؿȰ˵ŻңȰ˵С
һҸöԡ
Ƚ䣬в
˵һûŻһڽϡ
΢˿ƻҴôǡҧһڡָָӧ
Ӱȴڰͷʾͬ⡣
䣬ŴʿͻȻһأɫȻڡ
жݣ
֪˭һһڼʿϣٶƾ䡣ǡʱʮӰϻ֮Ȼ֣ӳƬգۼͽ̩Լһس佫ڵ¡
ۿҪУٴ˽һˡ
һײѪ׷ɡһŮһŵŷ磬ڿշ˸קסӧƲѾǣǳ
һţӧŮӶ·ӳ˴
ߣ
鿵һ׷˳ȥʦܱ˸ƣķǵڶ׷߼תͷϡ
ٴξ
һĻĹ䣬ͻȻʣѩչ
û𣿾ƻֻΪ˵½ɣ磬øл½үûûԡѪƴɱྩɽ㻹ʲôʲôʵۡ
ݺݵŵܵܣ˻ߵشУҲһ֪Ǽϸȴ̲һֱŽҴݣΪ˴𣿿ûнʲôɲɡ
԰ûôĻȨıҲ㡭Ϊ߹ΪȨΪʵۣ߰´ζΡأıȨξð
٣˵˴Ȼ㻹˼ҵŮˣ㲻Ҫʺ𣿹㿴״ƵãԣǾ䡣ľǽڡΪѽһջ񾡹صģ
ҲŲ㡣
ˡ
ǼսͻȻЦһڣСˡ
󾪣Ǽæͷȥ
ԭ뿿ӵǲ֪ʱۣ۽ǶѪ
һ˲ںܲͬʱ˹ȥСǡ
޷Ӧ
 

547 Т

þУ͵Цúãߵܣ˶ġЦˡǻ㾡ȴͷˡ̫ˡ
ҩʲôڵվתܲŭ
ɢîʱˣȲˡ
˵ŷȥҽҩԣҽҩ
ߵܣơϳɢɢûнҩġ
ܲŭ⣬عӦ޳һϸߣŸ߱λңǧС£ˡ磬ǸϽϽȥǰߡ
ԣһ⻰½Ҷæߡ
ҲϾʧߣܲҴҷԸܾЭةࡢصƺ䡢֡ɡ棬ټҽߣһ˴ҴҴǣ˵ĽڸӰפءûע⵽Ӱ򾲻ˡ
ʱӧһѾӳྩ
񱼵ǸǲͣΣӧʣڣʣ¶ˣ
ˣʮפͬʱϮ֪ô鵽ġǲִӦԣԮӳֻʮˡġġǣ͡ˡ
ݺҧӧһ²Űһҹľһ顣
ͰΣһķǣĻ쵰֪ˣʲôңֻ׷ҵפأС򡭡ҵĻǻһңôƭ˻һң
Ъ˹ɫһ
͵һһŻ·ϡ
ǻˣ΢Щ
ѽںķǴͷһ飬䷢˵ǲܾˡУҲġĽںǹһҪۡ
˼ߣӰ˼һ¾˵Ϣŭ°ɡ˿̵ྩض䱸ɭϣ˾˶ࡣЭıع˾ܴˣǿǼǣס
룬ӧȰס䣬һ·
Ƿֵһʱķǡ׷ϺۼңҲŲϢ
öҩĸ֣˷׷پͱȽˡ̾ţóһֻѩ׵꣬糣
ᣬצһָ
ʲô
ѩ㡣Һ˾ܿսֹΣÿζȰѩĨϡϲȭͷս֮ʾͻӴѩϬƣ糸ŵ
ϲ˼׷ϡ
ྩƺ׷˯յѹûԾһϲСǡ
پϲ΢Цһ£ڡ䶨ҲҪˡ
ϣһɫʣǰ˵㲻Ƕ״ӰҲ˵һ鵤ڹﻹ˱ʲô𣿡
ҡͷ
£ü벻ΪʲôͻȻʧȥ֪ƶ˵Ƕֻ˹ͨѪͻǿƣ˵оһ¡
ɫݸû¡õġģ
ڰٻ԰ǺֱΧҸܴ˸ϻ¤ǡºҲյһ룬ңǻ飬һػʹӵˡʱûס˶ڰٻ԰١
Ѿٵ״˵꣬һŲɫûˡ
ϲӹӿֿʣӧ͵ҵӣ
ǰ͸ĹҲáֻذӣķӰֽȾһ
̫ˡĴ벻أȻѩչĹ
ѩչʵ۵áãü޸ӧǱôꡣ
˵ŻӦ޳СŽЦʺһǾ˵磬δȥ̲¼ڹ
üΪʲô
ɰ֤
ȥɡδôҲΪ˹һȻ΢ЦȰһ䡣
΢ЦŸһǺáȥһᡣϢ
š
ˡϴһԾúܣʹ̲ȥ̲ѹˣϽܾ
Ϲɥڵϣǽռ䣬ƺʮꡣŲ죬һϮȹǰ
̧ͷ
ĬȻƬ̣ϹͻȻ˹ȥߣȴγסͽ͵ãһŭţӣ㲻ТТӦסڸܵ˵©죬Ϊ֪͵֪ܡʵ۸ܣұ淸ɵģһжɵĺ£
˻áûзϣֻƽؿڣ˵öԡֻЧµ꣬õһѡ⻹ģһΣѡͶĸŮڶΣѡͶʵۣǽܡ
 

548 

Ϲһ٣ͻȻ
ûı飬˵ʱգһжǵԼѡ񡣵꣬о˾˵ķֲȱĩСƷ֮һҸŽҵѪ˶ƷԱգʼʩҵȡĸȨϧһ̤գٲˡ
һЦЩԳֻ֪ڵ㰮𣿡

ģǰɣ˵㰮ϵҾ˾˵ȨƣɻڴĻᡣȢӲӣǨͶֻΪһ˽һգûˣΪסùܡĬҩ¶ʱ㿴ʬʱǸ˰ǻھΣʮ֮ᷢ飿ֱ
˶촽Ϲûг
Ҳ²Ǹ˵ģΪͷˡûҲ˶˵̣˸ľԴӾ˾ǨŭȢһһΪֻͻȻסҪԼ١һİ֮£ΨѧЩҲҡβ˵ףû˾ͲңҲ̶ѪȲٻóͼͰĸŮϳϷó̶˸ѪŨˮֻһ׮׮סǡҴ۽磡
ݺݵŮϹ²֪ԼǷŭΣʧصشЦʲôʲôЦûңģҪұӻͱǣ֮ˡߣڿ˵ҶﲻãҺǶҺɷдţͽѵң˵Ӫ˵ֻ߽ݾ߽ݾʲô绹߽ݾߣҪ½Ǹ쵰ʮõʵ۶չˣʲô
˺˹ļ棬Ϲ°ѻѹʮơߺޡͳͳ˳ӿȡȱ޹½ƼӭȢˡΪַĿٵ½ܻ鱱ϣԼڳ˶ƽĳͲԼλŲ½ǰίȫá˲ԼѴŮݰ裬ֻĸ׺;˾ˣСҲĴǷǡһ䣬ѸŮĿԭȫǵĻһжΪն˽ơ
֪˶ãϹˡϢһᣬͻȻ̧ͷʣ㵽˭

ԣ㲻ǶġΪ߹ȴúܣΪ˶ô棬ֱǡ޲ɼûĻֶεġ㵽˭ΪʲôٰŮ
ԣ㲻һظҾ;ֵúܣǶǸӵġ¶£԰겻ظΪʲôͻȻܻ㵽ʲô֣ʡ
֣ɣǳƬ̲˵Ҹ㽲һ¡ǣ
ǰһϸ˵̾ǸТŮˡϺ;ĵ檡ǸϲŶ裬в裬Ͱµȵ¥ȥ޵գɱԼ֮Ը˹ݲڣľûС
һֱ֪ΪʲôôģȫȻ֮飬ֱ˹֪Ϊ㺦㺦һ֪˻٣ᱨ㲻˺αƵļ棬ɴͽ֮֡
ƽƺڽһԼɵ¡
͸һΪ֮˭֪һ֮ʱư˵¶¡Ҵһظȵܵܣ˺󲽲ΪӪ
̹ϵذظÿһϸ˵Цһ£˵öԡǸˡҲɱ꣬δȷʵŮϽ̵Ľ㣬½ҵĺˡ
˵ЩЩƣ֪Ϊʲôͷֿʼˡ
ĬȻվƬ̣£ؿĸͷ
ҸŮԹѾ
ʧͷ
ڵϣϹµɴ۾ȴԡ
䣬Ų죬Ͻ߳һᣬʣĺ
Ĭ
˵ʲôأ۳ʵʵ
ûʣϽȥ
ߣڳˡ룬ʣҼʱˣ
Ϲ¶ʱˡ
һµָŽڵıӺУΪʲôҸ㣬ɳȱýҽȴȻҿң
ҵ٣㣬Ҳ˳ۣ
ԡǸһ֮ѡ
 

549 һħ

û뵽Ϊôһ¾ͼǺԼӣü˵ѹ˵Ӫֻ߽ݾ
öԣתߡ
ڣҸ㣬Сˡǣǹ֪֣
ֹɫǹСǡϹ£Ͻûд½ˣûƲ㣬Ҳûп㡣ȴϧУûĴжԼܺʧǨŭˡ䵽ʱҵģȡΪ㣬Сǲܰӵ¶£Ѿܾɧšһүһرıӻ
ޣҪʡ
˵ˡ
ηսǣܾʣ㲻ɱ𣿡
ߣȨѬĵˣһ䳾ɱܡһ㣬ܸļ尾
㹻ݶġˣ𣿡
ѾƣǰȡǰΪʲôҪһͽɡûտϼմŻɸʬѳԡһ赭д
Ʋ죬Ϊ̡
Ҹ㣬ܸоʹģԲһת
ˣҵĽšˡ
Ǽʡһ䣬˵·˰ǣαҷߵġ㲻Ҫǣδ˰չٰĹ룬Ѱˡ
Ŷá룬ܾʣֻһǶ
ˡǰ˵ܻѩչˡ
ϧҾͦģĴˡ
㵣棿׵ģƢ൱Ѳúܡ
ƢҲҧ㡣
˵ЦУ뿪̲ʱǸŷ˶š
ŷʱӹ˹纰Ҫ㣬˸֪֮࣬ǻá
СĴ΢ϡŲ죬̧ͷ㣬һ˾ڵվʣ˶ôû
վǿһ˵˸һܶҩҰҩˮͿġ¶ģͰѴ󲿷ֵıܶҩȥҪңΪ˿û
û뵽һϢȻ˰˹ҪסĲӣţΪʲôû

Ļס磬ذ˦˳ȥ
ײڵϣҽСһʱڵֱֱصŽ㣬˻ߵغΪʲôһӱ㺦ýΡˣǧеļˣ
ŤķߺޣʣΪʲôôң
ޣԣ԰ΪʲôҸ㡣Ҷ£ҾͿŸ˿ׯ塭أŬѧһٺãû⣬û˿佱̵Ѿ߶ĵǶУͲõȥ㣬Ժиó·ʲô
вòֻС꣬ΪʲôӵеģҶûУΪģƽ̫ƽˣٻԹױˣ˻ţκԼûӣ
ţʣģң
һ㶡
Ծã㴦ѧҡѹһһ͸ŽһһЦ޲Ť̬ȴӲʱգɲ֪ԼںδֻԹˡҸ˵˵һħ
һ㶣ٴαŭˡ׶ֵļ棬ŽͬøáŴƾʲôѵңͺһΪ߹ʲôýģ㿴ʱ򣬸оΣģȴ޸˻ʵۡĻʵۻȫ𣿲ܵġţŬעһ̫ˡ뿴ΪģΪ˲𣡡
Ъ˹Ŀ¶ʼղףǧ죬գ÷ĺɣжءŮ绨Ҳһ߷ϡνۣϲ㣬ˡȴΪֻҪҵģͿԹ㲻мһˣޡԸֻʧɽ磬ǧľٲݡ
ЦǣһֱãЩ΢Щ͵˶ϲûصŮˣοĻʵۣһֱʧԭ򡣡

ҡҡͷòϧͺһû֪֮ɫ˻ȡλ̸ʲôǶѡˡ԰İҲûԸˣ㾡ñĽ֡
תȥҹ乬ذɡԸķ䣬ˣҪȥ乬
ŽıӰͻȻ񺰣̫õ뷨ڲƭԶҾԸģдšˣˣ֪ûǷţмƣѾǺүˡɱѽɱңΪʲôɱң
 

550 

ƾá˻ûлͷ
ʣ֪ˡ
粻ڣֻǼʳɿþֶκһжֻʤ㣬֤ԼȽǿ޷ԼʵͰѱӵĲҹݡһħΪȰĸ׵ıߣƲ
Ӯˡ
һţ˽һҸ޸Թˣü
ͻȻظڽڰˣα㾪ѹææѰ©ԽǾ־ʧԽǽ͡ԣΪץ˽ڵİѱϲ֮·ִ羡ʧææҷָء
ˡ
һֽҹ乬Ѱ
һ̣˺ܶǰǸڲԶԼáǧӣ׽ӡӲǸһЩ룬ֵؿ
ֱ˿֪۾˸ɻۻ˼ʣ뱨иʸٻµ棬Ը檵ĸɫ̰ήϼң
޳֮ˣһ˵۹˿ϲ˱ͱǴӲʡԼΪȴִŵذһļˣˣڶԴִӮͽ͵֤պһȴʼտԼʵ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱǣ֪Լںδ
Ȼң
֣ļҺθأ벻ͨ£档
ţͻȻúܺЦ
߳˻ʹ
ԹѾɳٹģǣ
΢粻֪˶ͣ¡ҹĻˣţʳΪʲôͻȻˣΪʲôɱأǸպޣñվݻԭ˳
һֱûףΪʤ֤ϧһеˣĮõĳͷƷζʧܣոһյظԼıС
ܵġ
ԣɱֻþһ㣬ʹøһ㡣
峿ǳǰݼĸס
ϹΪ飬Ϊ˷ᣬĹؾ޵ʮϸ£ĸ׹ֻڳգǰ¶¡
գۼ࣬ٴĸ׷ǰ
Ĭãŷ㡣
ͼϽ̲֪ʱվһԡ
Ĺã򴽵ʣ㣬㣬޵𣿡
û׷ʵܴܵӺδ֪ʵĬƬ̲Żش𣺡ޡ
Ϊʲôأ
԰֮֮УֻǸİˣ̾ͺãαط˼ԽԹоҲ

̶ֻԼ£Ҳòס˵ף֮ĶԹûйϵ۵Σ޸վԼѡ񡣡ͣһᣬ˵о䶨øǶļްɡͷƶҪƴǡ
ĬƬ̣֪ʣ㣬͡绹һ𣿡
Ȼ
˵үϲ㡣ͬ𣿡
Ҳϲֻǰͺ硣ͬģӦ䶨һֽ顣
飿ʱӦģ
СëôʲôֲЩ¡һµܵܣתԸͳʰȴվں棬ֻá
Ȼϲɻ֣ʲô
Ҳ²ϲãøЦ߹ӷĹǰ˰ݾ˵ĸģһúչСǡ
һۣӣֵ㿴㣬ǻôڼ̨ϡ
ȥֻ¶ʹǻسɡԺҪһ˳ӧûץ
ߣһˣ㲻𣿡ٵһ䣬кܸܵϣһﷵء
ԶӰԶȥʣˣ
ûУ̩ʲôΣ֪ÿնȥ
Ӱ˼Ƭ̣ܷܷǹϵðɣ
ǵġ
á̽һ¡
ܷܷױһȥ˰¥һʱصٻ԰ȴúܡ
Ϲ飬ͷת͸ϲ
»ҪϲΪʺ󡣸Ҹ׼Ҽ˾ø̵һ£ùͻأᷳǸմЩ飬ðԼ
˷ϲӹΰʺȻ
߻صǸİŮӵĻԽԽסȥܲڣҶ衣
ܷܷͷһգ߹ȥסܲ˵ҪȲ裬Ϊβ˼أ
 

551 

΢ܲЦҶ޲ڡҾһ£˵ֻɿڡ
ܷܷһ㶣һǺвҶⲻҶ׸̫Ĳ𣿡
԰
һתĥһ¾ʣҶ㣬Ҷʲôţ
ҶʵøġˮҶʱҪȰѲҶڿձڻ΢һ¡ЦҶ̾ǻŹַ֣Ӷó
ܷܷȴȻ̫󹬱ƴյ龰ԭǶڲˡ
Щ֧ĴţİŮӵĻһֱΪܲ¡ΪĸµٹΪ˷ѾĻ
ôţ˵£ҲΪǵġ㶼˼һᡣ
֪Ϊʲôô˵֮ܲ˵ʲôǲǵġˣܷܷԡ
ϲܷܷ編ơͲƽƽĲѺȡ
ܲȴЦѣ佱Ҷʵء
֣׼ΣܷܷȻرܡû߶ԶͻȻʲôæֹ
Զļɽȼ䣬һֻɫëʱʱ֡Ż߳һˣ׽סӵݸںǣƺ˵Цţһǰȥˡ
ֻ֣ӻˣ
ԣѾ߾˵˵ǽͻġ֮ǰ֪˭˳ȥ
ղǸǽڣ
԰ЩҲסڰٻ԰
üܷܷĬĬ㡣ʱˣȥܲ
£ճ檿úͽһӡ
ܲһ㶡
²֪ѽӰѲͻˡϾ޸ˣܹȥΣǸüЩ
Ƭ̣ܲ¤ѯʡ
æýŲմأ鷿ҹصٻ԰дǰ£֪Ѿеϡʱӹ˾ең츺½ҶЭͬɽֻæվͻص̽ǣѾ񶪸½Ҷ
¤Ļܲ鸴ӵúܡɫŹ֣ܷܷԵ⡣ûɿκι
Ҫ꣬κʣƺ̫ˣʲôˣ
ܲһ㶡
תתͷκ˵ŽڳֺС˾ٻûɣǵ𣿡
ҡͷ
̫ɢˣôְأóһ£
һ룬ܲˣȷʵɢϰˡة̵һʡ
ǡ
߳ٻ԰ι̲סʣةΪʲôͻȻ˵ڣ
⼸ڰٻ԰ûǱϾ޸˵¡Ϊá˲ѵãҲϣΪ·Ŀ
ιȴЩةЩСˡ
ۻʼ´òûǳǷǵģСˣ
ðɡǾ͸Ͻýڻؾȥ
գҵ˵һͬʱ¤ի
һպܲصٻ԰ͤϣҶһӡһһʱ˴ӳģɷǺÿ
פƬ̣ܲ߹ȥ
Сǡ
ӭݸҶ⣬ôû
˭˵ûģһ۾ͿѩˡЦţ¤һֻӣֻëɣ˳ǲǺͻѩһÿ
ѩãǺܸȤضһ˵ֻеѩãҲңϲġ

һܲƣҶæ˵ã͸㣬͸ﲻá
ûʲôɡԭĴģ͸ˡ
ԣ̲ܲסһá
״Ҷæ⣬ȳ緹
ճ緹ң̽Ǻԥذѻ͸ȻܲҶˣŮЦٻ԰ȥ䡣
֪˵ʲôźãҶֻðο£òϲֻӸá
ǡȥĶһֻȲøʵӣ
û뵽Ҷ˼ֺЦ˵ȥϲϲģеķʸ
ţáô
㵣Ͱѵ̫¼Ȼ˵ûǺúദԵ²ãΪҪǣ
ؿܲЦƽ⡣
˵檱ɡ
ûеġϲ𣿡
ϲúġ

ͬһʱ̣ܷܷȵʣү󣿡
ǵġū澿ܹһӡ˵իѡ˺ܾáΪҪһֻ˳ɰĳϲ
Ѿ£ܷܷŷԸòһȥҰȴƺ˰ʯȥãóһöŽ豭Щˮ
ܷܷȥʺܲƬ̣óһֻЦ£г͸õ֪ʲôϡء
 

552 ȥ

΢⣬ܲʣ˭͵ģ
Ǻǡմн飬ʶãֻתг檡¿ɡ
Уһˡ
Ƭ̣ܲͷƷʼѡ
˵ܾܲЦܾ㿴ǲǼƷ
һǼƷһ룬ܾЦ˵£áڰѽ͵յܲ
һܷܷȥ̽ǡһֻյƸܷܷȥġЦѣȴά˼䡣
ʮ̲ᰲй̫ܰı永
ǰ̫Ϊһ֮˽й¶ݹҰΣˮ𣻺ĸʺıѣɱͳӦԪگڲƭԶ빬Žɱ߱λ߹ݣѼҹĸϰ̻ıߡϹЭ棬Ϊı棬ɴ永ĸҸıĽУʿ̣ϵ塣һӦӷնףﲻˡ
У֮õ⣬Ͻ̡С誷Ƽĸ޵֮Ϲµﲢ޹ñȫϹְţۡϼŮ¡ӷֱı½ѩı桢ѲϽͽΪйϢųն
ˣ֮ĻȨ֮Ļܣ׷ĸҸ丽ӹߣҷ
永ѩϭķشݣ𶯡߳ԩѩҴټաûļʷģϤԭйְģԸʱ¼ŶΡ
˺գ³һϵµʼˡԱ߰⣬ʵãозΪ֮һ塣ͬʱྩҲӹ˾׸ϡշʵĸ֤Ϊеץ˴صߺͼϸӧܣ˽ｻͨϢİ׮ڼγ
ʮţ˳ػصٻ԰ʱǳȥ档Ȼ֯ݸϽ׸ܵء
ǵȻҲշЩĹ͡
շתת˼ʣҾշֵֹ֮ģʵǲǡҲڵʱ򹴴ˣ
㵣ƻʣô죿
ߣüһǰߡ
ЦŸ˵ˣ
ȥ
ֻ̯̯֣˵һϷԣ档
ϷҲСЩܿЦǾǣǾͲǡ
ס֣ǣҴˣϴұ֤ٿЦֻǸмҡҾ
˦Ǽ֣͵ɡӢ۾
ǵġҾûô롣
գۣѵһ·֣ϲϲؽ߷ҿѡһֻӡ
ÿ𣿡
ЦӯӯӸãӵסҾүҪһֽƾˡЩӣǾͳס
ػش𣺡ȥҫݿ
áͷ˵ʲôƹķɱ˲ûرˣµӣүˡ
һûȽ˵ܲǰǡ
ɨˣֻʣ𣿡

̯̯֣˵Һܿͻ
΢Цһ£㡣
С԰ܲһ˵е˾ְ㲻úȥֺСҵĲȥʲôأ
Ŀ¶Σؾ£ĻһȨ֮ƣһ֪ġûзӣҲ²ߡ߲ȱҺ̣Ը빬ŮӺܶ࣬Ϊôִأ
Ůֻ࣬һСǡǰڹദúܺã޸ңҲദúܺáҪΪ֣֮ܲ϶ҵġ
˵üʵ˵ϲϲɫӣֻ֤ǿ
ʵܲһˣİѵʲôʲôӣΪѹŮ֤Լǿ޴ۣУҪ֤ʲôұͺܺã϶õö࣬ʲôҪ֤ģ㣬ô˵ģ٣ÿһ˵ʲôóһֱ㣬ɢ⣬
л´ȡʵ»ǵôӦҵ𣿡
Ϊһˣƽ𣬻һ¡˵ɣҪʲô
ǸԼΪ˽˳Сǽܣ˿̡һֽ顣˶٣˵С˵и֮ԼӦ֮ոһֽ顣ʱ˿̣㲻Լ𣿡
 

553 ҩ

סܲƵ˼һᣬͻȻ˵Ҿô⡣ƳޣΪʲôûֹ
أԾᣬɴ˵ЩȷʵӦÿϲվ˵֪ϹΪʲôٸǼı
ûԼɺԥѻȺֺг껹Ƿŵϸ˵Ȼ˵ʦֿҲʵܻסҾȥݡʷ壬˺ЩӣŸ塣޳ƫҲ֪Ϲ¾ȻޣٰԼŮֱʦָšҸϻʱ򣬡ĬƬ̲˵̫ͻ飬ڰ磬ӧԴ˺ܾá

£ϲȥԼ
飬֪ܲλش
ᣬһУˣš
һͬʱСݷɱ
ڣסǡ֪ʱ赹ˡ۽ǿڱǶѪ
Сǣ
һ˹ȥǾŵؽ֣ûлش𡣴һ˲ڵչȥǰ
ϾִܲǸϻذٻ԰ٶȸ᷻
ҹˡ
ٻ԰һǣƻͨٴҽھΡң⣬ںܲһվںڰ˭ҲѶܾ½ҶϽһ˳Ĭ
ʱ
ſˡң߳Ȧ졣
£磬ǰǽȥ
ڣǾţɫңֵ͸СѪȴúûĵܡ
Сǣ
ʾ˿塣
ҭţ˵иͷ۵ëܳһӲˡǰ죬ͷֺۣܿˡ̼ԺΣҲûʲôµġ
ܾ
ĪʲôͻȻʣʱʼͷ۵ģ
˵ǰûëӵ¶»ظŷֵġ
ǰ
û˼ȥܾúվȥ˵ɡ
ҽţ뿪䡣
СóǿƷؿһʣ˵СһֱЯй𣿡
ֻر͸Ҽ˫и˴磬ֻرҡ
Ͽ˵ʹã
ҡͷ˵ﴫһֻ֪꣬ʼӲЯů˵Щżæ˵ǰǶƾܲľϸ˵
üѹӰͻȻһϢ˵˶ֻβƤŧȻƤݱÿӿݣէȥܡǻ󸶾ҲŮı
ܲһ
ϸʣһת͸ĵļĲ壬ꡣ֮˥ܿͻ;ƿݡ
ܲĿɿڴ
꣬˼ħ֮ڴνֵ֮а˵νۼΪʵ伸û˼ħ֮֮֮Ϊѽԣ֮ܡ
ȴŴƬ̣ǰ޲ꣿ
ԡྩС
ģͬ
̨
ʲôͬʱС
һܲƼ˹Լʼʣ²֪
ҡͷʣ˼Ƿ̨бԾСǣ
ԡ
²˳٣ͽȥȡ
һ֪˼һ²˵ǻشȷҪȥ𣿡
ˣûʲôԵġ롣ŤһڣվΪΣ߰
ķ˵Ҷӣڶ˶ٽŲŸϡ
˹ܲʣ̨ģ
¤һ¡
Цãһ¾ʹ·ʹߵһƬͰ߽һǹûҶ˺ۡܲδ˴֡
һᣬͷΡܲ¤޸оɲɡ
ڳ麹ʱ߽¹һɫС¥¹¡ֱ̨ߣ̬
Χŷ̨ת˼Ȧܲʣ˵ҩģ
´˷ҷõȻʸ֮𣿡
ɻؿܲóöƣ´گ棬о˺üգȲܴҲװΣ֪к
ϻƷ¹ӳƺ˸ŵǹ⡣
̨Ƭ̾˵̨ܲҲ²ղگۻﻹһǳ©ˡ
ֻõͷ
 

554 ֮

ʱ󣬽Щ򿪻ء
Ȼ
бµ۵ײһö״ơ
ץʮΣ˿סһ룬һĶͷԼȥһۣ˿Ϸ졣
ƿʱ΢߲⣬һֿ¶һ񱮡ϿһͼֽϻһģһкܶС֮֡Ǵ̫档
ԹۣԾس˹ܾǰǵӡڵһж޶ϸʽ˵ȣܾĥξ˵λеһǱ˭
ӧ»ڳ
Ҳ²ǵġŮǺСΪ衣󸶾δţгڰıСǣҿһǱǡĿǵ¡£ҹѩչɳ롣
뽫ƾͼƣɢСǵϢ߳
ܾףȻʣˣ˭䣿
һЦ֪ӧΪˣ̨ޱȣԽߣԽͷΣų麹ƺһɽ
귱̨ĹܣܾĿʣСֻж𣿡

ֻжǰصġ
ȷʵ۲΢̾һ£Ƭ̣ǰǵĲܾ£üܾòʣĹأ
һգ̲´Ͼ͵֪ȥ̽࣬ѹظȥο·Ͻ̡Ͻ̴½Ҷе֪˹ǰ֣ԽԽý͸ŹŹ֣֪ȥѯʡٻ԰ȴɴҡܾǴһߣɺϵǸġ¡
һţ򴽡
ܾ˵һֱ⡣Ȼµͼ൱ģоضҪʱġСΪʲôôͶ϶أԭ֪һо˵ͨˡ

Ȼ̨ҩŵ²᲻ȺúõϢˡаĴҡ
š
ܾظ˹ˣܲվǰ
ϼһŵĵʵ
ϵǸˡһɽʧ׹£ץס±ڱԵһƬҶһΣҶӾһϸǳ
֮࣬Ϊ죬ҶӴؼйˮмӡԺеĻľ쳣ïֻԲΪջ۾˼ҵʮ۲Ȼȴֻ֪ҪҶܾ͸ⷱʢ֪ҶӱǱ񾴷¡
ĴһԽʢ˻Եʶ¡̫֮洫Ҷȥ飬·һλˡ֪Ҷӵ˱ָ̫޻ʹΪ̨ۣΪģľԪ󣬽Ҷӹڷ̨ڡ
ݳƣľԪݼ֮ϢҶӣҶӾģܼǿ󷨵һһط˳ˣػѪҶΪͻ˼ĸ˼Ĺˡ
̫񱮣ƣÿһʵ֮ǰŻѷ̨ܸ֪ߣԼѪƣΪƾ̨ܿģҶӣõӻ
ܶʼ꣬ʵۣû֪ҶӳʲôҲ̨֪ܡ
ĩ̫ѺضΰĴ澴ηÿĩﶼҪռ滨ݼҶΪ⣬ûи¡Ϊ߹ӳĿһСΨμƽĸĴǫƴ񣬷ܸ೤˵λһŹֽ֪ܣԴԵ䲻⣬ǽ֮ڵ伮ڵУơ
֪˶ٱ飬ܲƣڵϣеƣ
֪ˡӧɷѿĵذ磬Ϊ̫ӣ֪ҶӵܡԼӵߵֽ΢΢Ц֪һǾ¡
ԴԵ
ѵǸ˾֮Ԥϵ˶һУһֽ۵أðȻʲִܸ
뵽ܲʶ˸
ҪǣҪóҶӣҶҶ𣬹
£֮˵翣ʵȷ¡ľԪף˾ǵУĻɲš겻ϣᣬи֮ΪŹҵĴĸΪ˾һŮ˶Ϲҵˣδֵֵã˼Ϊá
Ļصϣ
 

555 Ϊ

ȥ룬ܲͷѣ𽥱ˣ񱮣ۡ
ΰѼ䣬иŮ΢ЦƺΡĹڣĿķƶģ㣬Щ꣬ıʶ¡һЯһԲרһûйֻծҪ
Сǣ
ʶһ亹
Ҫܣ
˦˦ͷѹС¤
Գʱܲ˳ǣֱꡣ
ڸǰվ˺ܾãصҵյҶȡãָ㡣
ˣҾСϵδظмġ
ҾΪмңǡҲڡ
΢⣬̶Ŀ¶˵ԴһҪȳ˵
ںܿˡ
żɽʣ֪СǣҲʲô𣿡
һԥһ»ǰĹ˵һ飬Ȼʣܾҹʣ᲻СǵĲйϵ
ܲĿɿڴ̲סʣܰɡѵѵδ֪
ûȽڻش̾һδ֪ǡתʱգδ


ǿƣ仨ıԵճһ˿Ѫ죬Ѫ֮ס˵ֻرħһֻػѪΪýִΪֻܿرҪֻػ׼ˣתʱգõһĻᡣ˶ϤЩȻ
˽ʯ
ݴ֮ʱ˻ῴһ㻹䡭Ϊ˸أֻΪ֧Ǻһ𲢼սƿɢִΪŤת˵ĹضһδĻϵȻ־ʤ˾ͻ᲻ϼӾġӵ¶·غʱͷ۵ĸԴ꣬Ȼ޹永ѩԹѾôִԲ֮գ֮ʱ
ţѾ֪ﵽʹǰǸмΡ촽˺ܾãʣǣǣҶ𣿡
԰Ե񣬾ڵзλµֽҲ²ûи̫ʵҶʲôдֽϡٵҶӡ
֪ܲ٣ȴȻɴ۾ܡʦ˵ٳɳҪӴ޷󣬸һġ
ûа׶ֻһƬҶӡ̫ʵдϴҶʱҶϵĸһָһҶӵĸָٵĻҶ󶼲ήںδҲġµ񵽣һҲ֡
˵̴֮ؼļ޲汦ҶҲЧҪСǣٴοֻرΪ׼ҪѪֻػԴԲ⿪ѪҶӺΪֲġôһͲ֮ǰˡ㣬ǵĹȥԼйϵһС

Լƻز˵õֻرʧЧˡļҴ֮Яö˱ܣƣҲնơҾʧ൱ϧ㻹Ǻúһ롣ңġ£Ҳɡ
У޲ʮգҪóǼ̸ϻأ֮ǿ׷ӧ϶ߣ
˵ˡĬƬ̣һ˳ȥܲأԳ
ǰǻжʱ䣿
ˣ
š
𣿡
֪Ϊʲôôʣҡͷ
ʣ˵һ׼úţϵü
л
תȥܾʲô룬ҲϾȨƣֻʣһͷ
ã½Ҷˡ꽭ڵĻĿβʣͻȻ赹Ϊж
ǡ
о𣿡
ġҶЩ˾ң죬Ӫױװ̾㲡ĴҩΡ̽һ¾лûаء
򴽣á
ȱң壬Ҳȱ˵
֪
ʱ̰սڵİжͬһʱ̣һֻ
ٴΰӿһиڴɽﴩС
ӧһߵվͱ׷ϣɱ˦׷ֻǱɽػضӡɫԽ׷Խ
һһָұߡ
˵ΣķǾ˵ǸɴӶȥ˳£Ƶǰ档
 

556 ԵԵ

պķһһ¸סӧ˵ȥ·
һɱӧ˾ܿջѪսͻΧǱײ¶£֪ĳӰıǿѡڵȫû
׷ӧӻѩչ
ûȾٲ̧ͷбϷһɸߴһֻᡣ
㵰Σתͷ˵ʦ٣Ҫ¡
ѵ׷ˣ
·̣˵ֻҪ߾Ǽˣû˰æȥ鿣߾ŷԷɽܱߴ򣬶סɽ·Ǿǵ⣬ϻ֧Ԯǡ糣ȸȥңԶԶؿš
һצӣʾԼܸɡ
Цķͷ˼䡣
˱·ʱĳ屳ŻѪĴҵӧ˻ŵײײȥ
뱱ԷɽԶһվɽ
ǵϢ𣿡
ûСӰͻϢ˵³ʮǰض춯
Ĭһʱ䣬üʧˡ߾̵߾ͬʱ˴Էɽܵ½Ӧ
ǡ
߾̽𣬽ڽܲվǿǰ
ıӰ͸֣ڶ˶ٽŲ߹ȥ¡
ת˵㿴
΢ûн飬ȥ
飬ڲŻعû뵽ƬҶ֮ᣬϢϢء
Σתͷʣ£㣬㲻ҶӾ
ǡ
ͷһɡ
ʣܲ˵ڣ㣬㲻Ҫپߡ

ˣÿ춼ȥСǡҾŪɽ춼Ϊ㲻áҪ㻳ûкúõرյһоͲᷢܲ˼Ŀ˵꣬˵Ҿһ޺ôֻлѡ
عڲʣҪЮң
Ǿ֮Լǵ㣬ҷ֡
£ҲҪҼǵáҶǵá֪ϲΪŲ㣬ǶȣҲʵΪһҪƻأ
ƻƻǡ⻰ܲͻȻˣ鱮ҿű˯ˣҿСǡһ֮£ǸĪξ˵˳Ȼ˵Ҫðͼ޸ˡɶתתǼ޸ңҺԵ֡
һҲˣŭξ٣˵̫࣬ǣǿᡣʦңȷʵֻתǰǽʱղΪ಻ϡ֮ǰȫˡʱ˿̣ʵҵӾʵòƽҲԼĴһһǷ̫ծҪծŮ˶಻ʤ㻹꣬ߵҲ
ⷬ˵꣬ͻȻס֪ԼΪξͻ˵ôһܲͬһɵ˵ġծ
Ƭ̣תһӣСϲĶ⡣ѾϰӵұҾ㲢ôϲĸܣԾԼԼľֹĻݸǺõģרһֻһŮˣҲרһȻûרģ
µƿԣܲ߷ߵ˺ܾãͻȻһת˵㲻Ҫװߡ図ŷշϵڽݣչ㣬꺮ů㲢ܾϼҽþݣ㻹ʦķȥЩ¹ᡣԼ˵ôרһֻС̫űƭ
٣ܱáѾȢһġһһ󻹻Ȣࡣǻʵֻۣһġ£ְɡûңҲᰮġ
ߣԼôľͺҴġԵ϶ǵ㡣Ȼ˵ҺԵ֣˳
粽ãһŭ֮¾˵Ҫģҷ㡣Сǲǵң˳ǣҪ뿪㣬㲻
ã϶ߵġһŵǧ㲻׼ڣ
ұöˣ
ݺݵػһᣬ˻Ϊġ
գ˸ϻˡû뵽ľڽȻǱʦѬգ죬ûдС֡
һ׼һ䣬ڶδ̨ܲȥķС߸˾ְԴ
̨ǰ۲Ƭ̵ϵԲʯ˵ϸ⼸ԲʯķλͬǶӦķһͬԲ㡣
ܲŽɵ߹ȥһ¡ıڻһӵĸ̨һĨŨ̡ؿŸߴĨỤ̃ɵ˵úܴˡ
 

557 һҹ

ĨỤ̃оɣ˼ž˵ȥ˲֪ġǰߡоǸ̨ʱƷȥ
룬ܲǰȥ
ǰߣ¹ƺʧ¹
Ծؿţķ߹صʣǰǻԡо͸ŹŹѽǸָǲ󣬵ǽҶӵѹˣһһصİǣֻΪƬҶӣ
ʱ֪ҾƬҶӲô򵥡
˵䣬¹ͻȻɢȥ̨·¶һš
΢٣˽ȥ
⣬ȻͬĿֻĹ̳ƺԳء
һһΧһԲ̨ӵɢµϢĿ
һ˸ߵƾԲ̨ϣ̡ͨϳžƬҶӣҶָһָƬѪ죬Ƭйźɫ磬Ƭ̡صǣٵĶվһƬƻһȦҶӯӯɫת͸鶯ҶӵҶ³һ̵ĸһָϸС۳̣Ǹƺϣƺǡ
٣һֻܲ˵°̫ʾߵƬҶӡȻ˵ҪˣҪƬСҶƬ̰ġ
˵
šñȶ̫˵
üëܲס߹ȥضҶ
һĻˡ
꣬ҶӶһ¡
㵲ѣܲԥβᴥϵҶӣҶƮƮС
ʼգķվԲ̨ûп
ʱ̣ٻ԰һƬӼױѰǵϪΧסڣУķǡ򡢳ҡĻ䡢Ѧ躡ҶٸվλԴ˿ǻҵԽԽ͸һذ׸ƣֻرϡ
̹ǵĺȫһڵأɷס̹ǵУ𽥻Ժֻһ֣Сǡ
׹ֻر͸һ仨ƯڿУ⻪ǧ
ŨҵѪɫŻתԽԽŨңȾɽɫŽɫԽڴס
ŻѪɫɢȥʱ׳ƬҶӡһ˲ͬʱ˹߶һֻ̣ҶϣεʹתҶԽתԽ죬Ÿ˽ʼ紺ĺҹÿ˶б𿾽ĸо
֪ת˶ãһŵӯǵüģ롭ĽڵľĪо޴ѹȴҧά󷨣˿ҷġ
ʱӰӰٻ԰ǱûܲסͥԺ
ϸ΢ӰһǰһǱеһӡܲǰǣüʣӧģ
֪мƣͬʱٵ
顣

ֺصܲǰԺ⺰ɱ
̺һӰɱΧڶӰһѡⶪһʬ塣
ʬֱһɢȥĴࡣ
ĻǵƤ¡סܾ£ü
겻ɢü룬ؾ˵Ϣɡȥ
˵һ书ܸߣǶЩˡСģܲȥ˯ŷȥȴǵĽ
ϪȻ
Ļϣܲڵĵƻסȭ
ʱַ½Ҷ図Դ׷ӴܵĺӰͬʱӰվܷܷӺ档Ƭ̺һѾ߹˵ʲſ̫ͲȥϪ󣬲²үǶ˵ҹҽϲ
á
ʱ󣬳ɧֹͣˡʱӰǱϪ
˭
û˻ش𣬰ֱܲ
Сģ

ż
һӰĹ˴⬡
ʬߣϪٴΰڶ޶
ԶţӰȻ֪ǵʲôȴ֪ЩεĹܱ̾ϡ
ֵһʱ
ʱ̣Ӱ̤Ϫܡ·ܲڷϵȡϲгһֻϸ롣ͻȻס󾪣͵һ߷һƬ߲ſܹԾһ
¹£һֻĴָѪƺΡ
Ѫã
ͷһӽס·һءܾһð˳
ǺƣȻӡΪʲôһֱܿ˻ˮأǶˣû֪ߵġܾĵѡ
ϻ˵
Ͷɱ
ѪɱУһҹоյعȥˡ
ʱ֣ŵʧü䡣
ֻվţķǡѦǱ߾ʡ¡
 

558 

Ŀվ˺ܾãۡһۣķͬʱеǶ仨
һ
Ƕ仨վڰϣһһƬҶӡҶѪ죬ԵһĨ̡ƺо˵Ŀ⣬ǻ΢΢תһ£ǡ
ֹĸоķͬʱס
üóһƬһס
ʧˡһȭͷıڰϡֵעӸɢȥˡķ̾⻨ôƻ
ǻġشһ䣬ٴóһƬҶӷסңҶӹ㡣
ķǽӹϸǰҶô˺ɫ
Ҷ̺ںСˣƬҶûű
űҶӣ΢ķٴκǰҼƬɡ
һСıԪ磬׺Ź֮ġʦ϶С
ķһҪܲˡһ˵һأһڻѪܣôˣ
ʧѪ̫࣬󣬵û¡СǻҪ˯һᡣ
˿ָܲ¤ŷչˡﾲʣ̫˵ֻ̨ҶӣΪʲôһ٣СƬСҶܳκС𣿡
Щ˵Ĳްǲѣ²Ҫȥ̨ҲҪټ롣ľͰ̫ʵ۵Ľȥ
Ϊ٣
ΪƬҶӡľԪǻ»޷ҶӾģյõϢһѪѪٿұ壬Ҷһһ˴Ϊã׳ɳҶһһ幩꣬ԵߣҶã˳
ȻҶӵ춶ܲ㵵ǻ
Ҳ֪ʲô˿̣ѾǡҡҡͷҲ²λû뵽ŪһѪҺѾ׵֮һˡ
˼һ£͵Ǻ汦Ҳһľ飬ɳվͺһܸ֪Ծֻٵģٵɫɺڶ죬ٱ̡ѪʱɢϢп׺ľ˱ܣ温ס߾ɢʧزÿ̨ѪٵϢɢĹƳ֪룬ʾֻн׳ٺ֮زǧĸء

幩꣬ٵȻѪٵп˻ӽ֯⵶ɱȡƬҶƬ̣ԭƽ⣬͵ڰٴѪ٣Թ˶ԣζűᡣУԵǿתġµǻֻҪʩ˲ţƴѭлر
ķǴ㵲ѣ˼һ²ʣǰȻˣβ跨⿪ǣأ伮ϼأѪٳնп֮أ֮ྩһ֮һҶӡһѪʧأԲգۼͻɹġ
Щܲ˵ŵһ⣿
š
ķǣΣѵһ䣬οֻҪٿ̨ƬҶѹѪٵֻҶ֯ڣתҶӵĳɳǶ깩䣬ᷴɵģùڵġңǸʮ־ҲΪ⿪ʱలΪá
˺һĻܲعˡü˼Σͷлָ㡣ټ룬᲻ǵ
ġˣûôСǲáΪÿο̵̨ǻͬɢʧʧ
Ǿͺá
ĵ˼⣬ܲڰٻ԰סա˼һûоܾ
Ը¤԰ţܲ߳Ϫͼܾˣżء
£ѩչϸ˾ѷΪ׵Ӱ书ܸߣ󽫾ܺ
Ǿͺá壬Ϊһأ
̾һ£ƽ߻ħˡȻѲصйϸһǰٻ԰Ѽϸġ
סƬ̣ܲʣΪΣ
˵½ҶȻʰ½һ֮ѣܹʲôġ
ãܲ˵˽ͨйﲻ⡣̫ҲܹϢɽ˾ðɡҪǣ޹
ǡӦţܾ˵Ҫ㣬˵ֻһʱͿ
ܾߺι񾡣˭ϢЩ꣬ྩһ¶һŻûΰ
ס
վڻϳƬ̣ܲ鷿ȥǷͻȻо˼ϳΡ
 

559 

պ󣬶ƽӰձԼĶ˽ͨйѲؼϸѹɷˣӧྩӪʮİ߰ڱײ
ǵ֪ƽΪ½ܻǨŭȻʣ̻ܲ½Ҷϧҵķ޲Ŀࡣţһʱ侹½ܻľ£пѡ
ʱˡ
ۣͿ˫۾壬̶̣ôֱ飿
ع񣬳ϲ֣ˣˡͷ𣿡
ûҼʱͷۣ
ڽһһԴϽ̷ɿȥһҩһ꣬
ܲܿ쾪ϲظ̽Ȼǵʮ־ܲʹȥɢһᣬ屧øˣ⡣
ӹãһϲõë˵£һҶһϲʲôġл¹ģ÷ģֻֻӡ
ӣܲ˼һ¾ʣСǣʧǵ˭ͻ𣿡
ӧҵ͵ȥ͸ĹʱĴûͻҡ
ķǣ
š
ǵý𣿡
İǾȵ룬ҡͷҲʶġ

£̶˵˯˺üգôˣ
ع΢Цһ£ܷܷ¶㣬ûˡҶ벻ȻѶҩ͸ϡҺá
ڰ¥ԼܷܷӰó󸶾ݹˮעܼԡӴƤ롣ܷܷ֮°Ѳˮøܲܲ˰͸ƣʱ˶
ӰΪֻΪ̽ͻȻزܲΪ˼Ӱڶܷܷļģٵõƽİһҹɱ
ʧѪ˯յĽˡۣķǾ߹˵ʦܣСˡǡҸ޳ȥֻ̽ǵǣƺİˡãҲֻǵ͵ġ
˺һᣬһ´ɽ·ֻٴĿΣٴվݲϴҴȥǡ
Сǣ
ڽͤιӣǲ̧ͷĿδȸվʣʶң
һ
ﲻʵġ̩ʱסڰٻ԰Ҳ͡壬Ϳ͡
Ҳסˡ
תǹֵôˣ
ˣ㣬ôˣǽӡ
ӣüãӡ룬˵ʶȥˡȻֶԽ˵Ա㡣ʧ㡣
þҪȥ
СǡˣϹץסֱۣСǣĲǵˣǽڡʮʱǾͶףôǵأ
ֹû˦˵ҼʱˣҴû׵ģ޹ϵϴ˰ɡ
Сǣ
Ƿȥ
ţھûġķĿһĻ̾һ߹ο𼱡֪κ˻ġ㻨ʱ䣬ӳġշǻкܳĹȥ²ǵþˡ
ͷ˵ʲôȴˡ
֪ܲܿ˲ѡǺܾӵطԸ¤ҪԤȥǣ׼Լ֪Ѷˡ
˺գÿȥǣ˵¸ϸ˵ǾĪ飬壺壬ǲϴˣ
ͬ齭ڣæ˵ˣ˵Ķġ֤̿
̣˵ģ
԰ǵĻ»˾ֵ֧ġ㻹ǵþү𣿡
ȻˡǡҼǵûеġ
Сǣ˵Ķġ塢̶ƭġٻһ¡ϣСĵס֣
۾ﷺһֵֺĸо֪ʲôȴü롣ԺһƬհסۿ˼ΣͻȻһףֱ̧סͷ
Сǣ

һɫԣڻ񣬴ҴҰ壬Լɱȥ
һʱջ֣վ뿪䡣
⣬ܲڶڵȡķڷϣ˼
ʣ˵Ķ˵ģǰҵĻԷˣ
һæʣĲûκã
һ̼Ͳ⣬̾Ĳֻ˴룬ֻҪ񣬹˼ǣġ
û뵽ܲʣΪҶӲ𣿡
ǲǡ
ǰ˾ȵףôֻκһأżˡ
 

560 Ҷ

θǵִ֣Ǿѻ˵ס
ֻػٱȼ汦ֻ̺طˣܿʱͨŤתԵĹ켣˵¶¡ƹ鸽壬Ϊ屾Լģ޼䣬ȫǹ̺Ŵ֮ĲνЧҪΪ޲꣬ҪõһƬҶҶѾͨ飬ֻ˶Ρ
ңֻرںϵҶޣҲΡ룬˵㲻Ҫȥˡ⿪׼̫໹ǻĵġ


ˡܲ˿ڳĬ˵پˡȻԵŮշͺܺõġ
⻰תŭĿӡ
ҪΪû٣ǻŪԼ˵ҶӾ㻹᲻Ҷӡ̰Ĳ㣬㣬㻹ҪռͲǰֻ֤Լܵ⡣
Ļףܲ𣺡˵Ըķ䣬뷴ڡ㲻ϽʵǱȥ䣬ֳ͹ңһʼͺϣһоͲᷢ˵׾Լɵġ
ɵģҪǼҹУҪˣҪҵȥǼҲͳˡ
סڣҸ߹㲻׼ڮҵ
˵ʵ˵ףǳû١Ҷӣ֮ΣҸġǰߵĺʹáס
ˣԲӦΪʲôҪӦ㲻֤Լĵλˣ㲻䣬ϳϸ߹Լų򣬵С
ǵصصСˡҸ㣬Ըķ䣬ҿ˳ҪǵĳŵҪ뿪ʹ㲻ܲסǳģ˻ʵ۾˱
üڷȥ
ڣ̫ˣվס
ᡣ
Ѷܾǡÿ˷Ŀ㵲ѡ¤ŷϵķһ̲ˡ
Σ¤æȰ˵Ϣŭֻǡֻ˵
ǽǾԼ˲ΪǾݺݵشӣܲñ

˼һ£ܾʣ£Ϊʲôôף
ܲ
״ת˵£Ļϲ˵ԽԽҪ˵㣬ˣмơ
мƣܲһ㶡
԰Ǹ䣬ϳԿġΪϲģһӮ˾ҳԼΣԼдرƻרѡԼаյĴģ䲻ġ

ܾɴѽһ٣оٳĸȱ㡣ڵĻܲ˲٣ܾ˳ʮ֡
ţ¤æǻ£ÿδܵҪҪǣǶǳеģɢúܡ㶼˵ϰ˵ġ
ܹ˵öԡǰʦ飬ʦ˵ߣԣҲݵЩٳ֮ڵΪȻʱӻ½ϺүܻһӳΪëƤС¶ִܱȳӴȡ¿ɱ𱻽ǣűߣǱĩˣץסᣬܾػص潭Բ
ȣ
԰ʵ۸߾Ӿ壬ǳ˵һ仰͵Դ˭˵滰أ滰Ծ
΢ܲ˼עתˣܾɴκĽ̵ѭѭա
粨ȥˡ
ÿǣٶ˵ʲôϽ̡½Ҷ˵֪˽ڣ֮࣬ȴҶԡ
һգܲǡ
СǣǾͰعȥססڲܺ
š
ûоܾܲϲټƽӵ档
⣬ԶԶؿڻЦˣ˵ﵽǱˣǷŭΣ䣬ܾ󣬵ʣǵôˣ
˶ǸԼ
ؿܾʣΪʲôҪӦأǰҽͨ˵ľģӦͿ϶䡣Ȼ᲻ãΪδӦ
ĬȻã΢¶Գܾûп̫顣Ҷ֮ʱҿôִţǲʣıⲻϴСǡ˵öԣȥǵȳҸϵûһжᷢǡŪˣһƳޣҲڡڶΣһǲڡҲСǵȥģֻһĿܡҲΪֻҪܾҿԷ֡
ûʣܾĬ
 

561 ػ

³壬̩ܲǻΪʵۣԪҵͷΪҶΪ͹
û
乬ΨһҴԶԶ֣һ˵ǰʣʲô
»ʵǻ
Ŷ˭
бһŷص̫ûػش𣺡϶޹ءﲻġ
˭ǹ
Ϲ
һһ룬絹ڵϣЪ˹ؿЦҲϾĸ׵õϾ˾ȫңЦ
̫ˣڣ㿴㡣˵ʲôȽᣬίȨƣ޸˻ʵۡһرİɡ̫ˣ̫ˡǣҵĺý㡣飬װ˭
˵ʱ̩Ůǽ˹ⲻԶĬĬվţĿ
оĿ⣬ת
Ŀʱ΢΢һоõĲᣬİˡĿͣһ˲תۣ߽˹š
֪Ϊʲô֪ǸǣҵŮʲôˣ֮䷢ʲô£֪ΪʲôϴԼǸŮҸġ
ţ˹
ĵװΣ͸Ŵݻ˿оϲ֪ΪʲôЩĪķꡣ
Ƕڻ߮ĬĬջĿ⡣
ǰͱʱǻطڴ㴫飬ÿһŶд۵˼
գһͱӽ󣬸߸ߵĹǽ˼ǣֻ˼


Ҫúõػţ㲻أ
̫ҶҲĲֻҪһãֻҪǸܻȫԷֳȫ
Ų죬ķ󡣲վƬ̣˵䶨ΪʲôֱӴСǣҾûʵۼ㲻ˣΪ˽ɽǻ̵ġ
ûش𣬹ýڲ˵ʦ֣˼ˣȥɽˮɡ¡˵ʵ۷Ըƽ𣬵˿ûôǮֻȸµܲϡЩ꣬лʦչˡ
صһ
£üķʣʲôˣΪʲôôأ
һǰϱ̸漱ϳڣԱļѵҲϡķԽ𽫾Ѿҹϻݣ常ҪȥݣļλϸϽŷѳλս߹ضԱͶѩչѩչѾֱ룬ɱǡ񣬱˿ɵҶȴӧҹܾңȥɱܵУھǡ
Ҫȥ̣
ԡ
永ѩѾ˸¡Ȼܾ˾ıαػҪΪңӡսͬڽûǧ֧ԮͲӦٸҲδȫˡʦܣôֵֵã
永ոѩҳֵܣǵļˣЩ޹߻ûϼ찲ӾҪ뵶֮ҡ˿̱Σ֮ʣʱǲģΪͻʵ֮˽Թҹڲˡ
Ĭһ˵Ҵ飬ǲΪ˻ʵ۳Ҫػǵļ԰ػѡһʧأѩչѾãضֱྩ塢շ図ǶסྩССǡ
˵ķǵļ磺ʦ֣ұȥɱŷѺҴʾɱǡ
תȥķԭվãͷȥ
ʱеˡ
ص鷿£ܲء
ռ䣬ѩƬϵ̡ʤأ㣬֮֮Уǣӧ֮򰵻ģͼı˽Ҿϳڣǿиɡ֮µһǧٿ׵̯ӣȥҪʮ꣬ûҲҡ
²һտɳɣܲǴλȥҲҪʱ䡣ѩչû׼λ»ʵʱ䡣
ƣ
³ˣңŴƽ˹
ôôôףʲôˣ
ҧҧ˵㣬ҶûС
ȥģ
֪ʲô£ʮռķǿ̷ߡպͻȻͶУΰ̡ʧأѾˡﻹݡ
ǣأ
֪ë϶Ѫң͵ؿһ˵㣬ҲˣѩչѹҶѾӧӭСҪˡ

ˣҸһȥ㣬ҶҸ㣬ǸǷ֮أԼҪ൱ġ
ңˡĬڵǰĿıӰ
ò˵壬ȥŴŷͳ죬Ҷʱ
 

562 ͱ

³ţԮɱڼӷΪ˧½ҶϽ図ϽҾʮ׷Զľɲ߳ɸң岻Ȱ裬С
⣬ܲǰΪ׳С
ûдۡ
¤˹ԳֺܲƵ˹ȥ
ڽӹһ
¾ƱͻȻ˵»ǵӦһ𣿡
˵ɡ
±һȫڮٷ̰ı㶼Ҫά֧һɫ˥ۣҲμǣΪ

һת
ڡ
΢٣ֹ
սΣ㣬Щ
Ĭһ˲±ء
һ·̳򱱶ȥ
ĬͤϣܲԶȥ̳˵Ǻζܾ͸˾ԶľλҲҪˣȴΣѹͷһεǰ档
ͬһʱ̣ǴŹŮ̫࣬˱ų¥
ԶԶȥĬȻòʣ壬˭˧
˧ǽӣڡŴСվûܺͽߵһȻ̲סһ֡
ûֻǿԶ̳
˾˳Ԯּ¥ͱ벻˾Ҳûлգվ¥ϡ
ƺ֡
ܲص͵֪ٴλ赹󾪣̽ӡ
ܲæʣСǵףôˣ
Ƭ̣£ܴأ״̫ȶһ£ͻֻ赹״꣬²Ҫȥ¹ӴˣҲҪǰȽϺáЩȥҲڣг֮أľιιӣֻʱҩӳ˲ָܻȻȶ
á
뿪ʹʱӦ޳ͷӰڰ¥ϡ
ɫӰο˵ģֻȥ̣ͻˡ
ûشӦ޳˳ǾʣӰǰ˵һҪȥߣ
԰ʦӵֻҪѧгɶҪ£ͬʱĥԼʦ嶯Ǿȥȥ໡ǡĴļǵʦҲǡϧĴ˵᲻Сǽ㣬ûϣȥˡ
Ƭ̣һҲãأض࣬·ʤǺã£ţ˳Լϲ£ڡ
ԣӦ޳תһ˵ӰңҪȥ̡
ţ
˺ü죬ҾҴͦɵģ˵ҲԣǲΪ˻ʵȥ̣ΪֵܽܰҵտСǽ㡣ǡҲģҾӧǸ϶ŹģҪȥ硣

Ҹæ𣿡
ʲô
տСǽ㡣Ҵ̻ԥһ£ס֣Ҳ١һЩڵӣң£𡣡
Ŀ
˴Ƭ̣ӰչһЦáҸ⣬ȴ̻ʦΪʦɡ
á
˵أҪϸðȥǰҪĻҪçײϲϲؿļϣӰָͷ˵ʦкܶöҪһ׼ƿҩб޻ǰȥˣǸϵġ
᲻᲻ң
㱿ġ˵Ժʦܣչ
ЦЦ§סļ硣
бһŮŹϦ·ͶĿ⡣
¹ȥ
ĸ¡
ȥˡ
ķûнǰߵĽʿǶסѹס˵йĲĽսϴ£Ѹٵسɳ
һգڴϢضǣ֮Σˡ
Ϥܲ΢һ˼Ƭ̲ʣߵսΣ
ʮǰоٴʮɱǡΪûеãضҾʶǰɱǣѷߺ󳷵¡ս
ӹ꣬ܲ˼ʣ˵صס𣿡
𿥻ûشּܾ
£ǰһš
𿪿֮꣬ܲ㽫֮𿥺ܾǾΣ
ν˲ɣˣϾ֮Σɽ⡣˭ȥʣ
£ӧǰ
һպܾӣ϶ȥ
뿪ྩʱܲϻʹߴܾȥҪӪʵԤϡ
˼ţͻȻƳһϮȹȹתһԶŷ򱱷ֻ塣
ܲȰ棬ȥǣֻԸ¤ա֪ʲôоѡ˻رܡ˿ͻȻ룬߹ȥ
 

563 Ծ

Сǡ
תЦһ£¡
ôˣҶû£ǰȻ࣬Ҿľ沢õġ
šž
ݲ٣ܲ۵ظһЩ˯ú𣿡
á
æžûȥˣɣ
߾ֲҪ
ǺǡҲæߣȥ԰ɢɢ
š
ƾǣԼ֣¥ȥں棬̾һСѾͷ˼򵥣СڻʹѻͽһǰˣΪܲáٺãҲǲá
԰ܲһ䣬һ䣬ƺز˵⣬ܲʣ㲻𣿡
ûС檾Ǿ⻨԰쿴һ

ܲ˵һֻ֦ϣ¸ֱС棬Ҷ˴ŹŮ̫༱ææϹҪָӰĺƭͿܲǡ
£ãҲڡ
㣬⼸ûңԭֻġ
ҶݸǱ´͵ġϲ𣿡
̫ǰ׽ڼϣЩ˵ëɫ˵𣿡
˵䡣
ôǶʱʧȥȤ
Сǣϲ˵ģ
ţʱȥһУ²ҪˡɿػشȻ˵Լˣ˻ع
ˣܲ΢΢£üҶؿǵıӰ˵£ЩԾЩӳ檳ȥã£رӷ˵Ҳһûһ䣬֪ôˡ

šǰãܵܽ̽˵ܵܲ뿼;ȴ߷Ȥ˵Ҫ䱦䣬⡣ԭˣ
֮࣬ܲԸ¤ȥϽ̡
¤û߳ȥة
鷿ةκصصһš
ǽĵڶţ֪ڹ֥ԭѩչŵսʤָ֮һơʵ۰׸̫ǧӰΪ͸֥ʵۣߵѹ
ϸ飬ܲʣة֥࣬ҹսΪһδϷ˰ɡ
£ΪԲɡ벻ǣһԱ֪ǰ񣬶֥˽⡣˵֥ʱѧգƺԿȤǳȤͶá
˼Ƭ̣ܲסʣة࣬һ¡ةྡֱԣع˼ɡ
ʡ
µɢޣ˵Ϊʲôصôأ
£ˡֱԡΪȻôΪ˿£ҲΪ˱
ν⣿
ǻΨһһ볯Ļӣǳ٣ʵȻȻʵķֺͽ̵˳λ֮СȻʲˣҪҷ㲻òı׼ΪӪҪ˲ţ˲ѣǹɣǻΪ˳£²߸֪ܶ
ףܲЦһǽޣ벻ġ
Σվˡ˵
ҡͷة಻ùάޡʲô飬𷱻̨ĴҶӣܲЩԳûʵ۰һƬҶӵ̫𾴣͸Ź졣ץסҶӣλˤʱδףãҲͲкϻˡ
κ˺ܲȥ̽ǣҽˡ
ԭϽ㣬֪˵ʲôͻȻƢץסܵͷ˵ͷۣ˹ȥ
̣ǲҵúöȴ䱦㵽׶˵ʲôˣ
£ֻõ߷ȥչʾ۸á
Ϊ
ǰ
֮ѵһ٣ߡ
һպӲˣһİİȻҪҪӡû뵽Ž¤ֻ˰ûء
ӵ̫࣬Ͻ⡣˾ʣүô𣿴С᲻£
ǰ˵ûˡ赹Ҳûµġ

ҽͽһźáʵôӣͲôֵġ
˭֪أϽЩŹ֣뵽´̼Ļ䡣
֮ӣÿӵߴԶԽĳĬˡ
ҵԪʮ£ϲǿľڱ߾ҽ档ʱĶڹŴͻȻֱǡò߷ֱѹ
һ£ӴϾʮʱݱ
 

564 

ݱܲϲ֡
ܾˡ޸Ǹͷ
£ֻӪǾ˵˾ŴȰݱġ
Ŷ޼ǵý˵ģŸɡ֣ǼΪʲôգ
Ӧ޳˽¸ߵ£ܾЦ˵£ԶŴ·Ŵ΢ʶǾ鿵ĸס
£Զ޸ǳءΪʲôع
ʼ磬£Ŵҹķײܴ󣬹ҲԼλġλΪʴֽľŴŮʡΪˣû뽭ף֮λҲá޳˽¸ߣھŴǿ֮λĸϣ£ѡ˸⣬ҹߡ
ǽ֪ʱ϶ܲ˰ɣ
ǰƺϵľ˶ģüҧöСʱֵܣԶҲȰסɴװû
ڰܲʱЦεֻ
˸ˣܾЩȰ£ߵսֻʣҲûʤ㣬˿Це硣
һ㶣Цˣѵܾ޲ǾսǣֻǡЦЦһ£㿴㣬Ȥ
̯̯֣û˵
£м²²졣
˵
ϹڱߡŹԴӼ޽;£ΪֻӸüɹ̫ׯˡ
û뵽ô˵ܲ㵡
£Ϲй٣ʵΡϹµŮ뽭ڶף޸¾Ȼ̽ӵġͶĹԿѾˣڹСٳһ֤Ȱ˵ܲѡ֦ɢҶ
ܲش𣬹ܴ
ܴܲĸܹ׵ܵܣܲèնǾ˾ɵġܴ󣬱ǹȥңֻÿﶬʱڻصྩ̽ܲǻûྩȥ档
ֵþ˾ǰܲܿž˾ȥ԰ǡҶ˹һšź󣬶ŮˣһƷһյ裬ܴʣ£ҪϹʺ󣿡
һͷ
ס
˾ˣСǺܺõġǲͬˡ
£˵ǾáϹ˼ڱµϣαأ

ܴһĳʲų۲һ£ϹĿƣĲɣ˿ϲʲôһۡҶãܹ㣬ûַǰĲȶճϲ𣿡
Ϲȷʵ׿Ȼǡӣͽǡۡ
ǵĲܲԶԡûз˾׺񣬸ɴװû
ĵоһǵĲãܴѭѭһ˳
߾˾ˣܲԽԽƣȥ㽭ãһֱʱ壬ܲ޹ż̽Ҳȥ
ڻԡ¹⡣붬ˣ䣬˿ûо䣬ֻ߾£о䡣
Сǡ
û뵽ʱˣ֮໹Цһ£¡
߹ס΢ʣŵʱûɵأ𣿡
ûС檾Ǿá֪
޲ãЩӶû㡣ӦӾ˻õġͷӶһԣ˵¤ֻ˵㿪ġ
ˡôȥҶǶ
㣬𣿡
ǲ֪Լʲôоʲôǵˣͷ
ϲ§סûоܾ
ҹˡ
£ⰵ
˸ٲڷǹ
Сǣ֣Ĵϡ
ĻȴֵİС
ץס֣е¡
΢һͣʣôˣ
ǲǣǲʲô
ţ
ŻƬ̣һƿǻͷȹץסֱۼеʣǲ˺Ҫ£̶ҽһ£˵ǸŮӺͬҲǡ
֪ľر棬Ȼ˹ˡȥȻǸ¾ͿʼΡÿμһ仨ǻҿǻģҾڽңƺܶΡһöˣöɱƺ˶һԼѪ
ξһܲæ§סο£ǾǸΡ˹£ﺦ²Żġ£㡣
 

565 

ļͷͻȻץȻԣҾǲΡƺʲôҸоڶ˵ҵ֣иˣи˶˵˵ҵ˵Ȣҵġ
Сǣ㿴ޡ޾⣬ǵǳ׵ġ
̧ͷһᣬͻȻ˰ҡͷȻᣬǣԡһˡǡ
СǣסֿۣɬζҪȵң⡣оһ£оһ£𣿡
סĲӣļϣǵģоԣָо㲻ģǲǰŪˣΪʲôҲġ
꣬״εؽšȴ֪˭в֡ĬĬӵĿܲĬţ֪﷭ӿʹ
ﾲأֻĿ߻صš
֪᲻Ϊġ
ǿˣͷƺ˯ˡܲʲôûĬĬӵֱ
һ̣֪ˡ
˸
գٴβղˣÿնڽţģԽԽ֣ܲʹĸоûһŮ˻ָо
ڴǰĬĬ԰㲵ҵĺɵǸΡ
ʵ
˿ͻȻ΢Ц۾Ź⣬ֻ
ֻרһ
һһⲻǵԼεѡֻǷĵȷϣԾԸļ߽֡ˣרһԾģϲõģ
鲻Ϊѵĵ¹淶ֻǡ̫רעԵˡİȴרעͶ룬ǳƮƲǣ֪ʹζ˿̣ڶ˺ννרһ
̫٣Ѿ߽
̾һ΢¶Գ
ܲڹաڰգˣٲҽУ˯˹ȥ
£üûкˡ˵ûд󰭣ϢƬ̰ɡ
ƣҡҡͷ
û¤Ȱһڼ£Ὣ鷿ȣ˵߹ؼ
һܲ˿˯ǣ˱ۣվȥ
ǻʵۣҹοļϣ֮أվһŮ˱ȲõġΪۻҪȡɣ
ܲ鷿û£ӰһܾŽϣ˵ˡǽɻŵ󡣡
һƺҲܲЦһ£ɡѰûİɡ
͵һʾԼܶء
Цܾóһţ뿴
ţܲͣ˺һŵݸܾ㿴
ܾͬס˼һ˵˼աǳ˰Ҿڱͻ᳹ˡ
ǰٴץŷضܾܲãȭ˵յ룬áܾʻţ
£ҪҪةһ£
ҡͷƻֻҪй¶һͻṦܴɣ֪ԽԽй¶ܾ֪֪ø֪ˡ
ס
ʱѻˡ
鷿һţһվšĬƬ̣ܲʣܾӮ𣿡
ġڡ޳Ҷ˿ڱÿһУ뵱İ֮ս֮йϵûайܣ̫ҲҪաҺһ壬һȫԸġ
ܲĬĬͷ
ĺˣϼȾʡྩУ֥ĹķҡŰӣһŵһ仪Ÿ
촦˽Ϊ׵Ĳʮ뺷ͦΡ
˴˴Ƭ̣Ϊ΢΢һЦҲǸ֡ʧ˵ɣҪʲô
֥
ķǲŲæطԸӴһɴϣҽҪǮֻҪһŵ
ǼǧӰޱȣع˵˵
ķ̸ʱѩչӪӧоͼһûɵسŻꡣ
䣬ˡӰ̫٣ͺӮġ
ߣӧһҪҳ
΢Цһ£ġ˸ã
󿿵ıϡ
ӧǱ꣬ڱӪԣ˸ϻشǺ˴ܵǱ˱Էɽ֧Ԯ֡ע⵽߾йٱӧơȹ׷˾ܿճ룬ڰߵİ£˺˱ķߡ
Ը߰ܲʧܡѶϲɴھӪˣ˳㶽սҪһڶ
 

566 Լ

ҵԪʮ¶ʮһս²ϢྩѩչңУ£ˡۼս²Ұĸ
ʮ¶ʮţһܱ֥Ӧ˴սֻͣţɳ±߾֪׼ɽۻܲ˽ڵĽ飬֪פĽݣڳص̬
ĵع꣬սܵϢٴδ
ʧòˣذǡ
һҹ䣬֡Ҵפضʱɢϣ;µĶǿճǣزƻҲߣѩչȻռأսƷȴȡ
һճ᷽ɢǾ
СǣЩ𣿡Ϊˣֻܲÿȥ̽һ¡ս²ղȥˡ
һУЦЦ˵áǡ檼ǵñ´Ӧ䶨֮ġ
֮ǰѾѵյԼˣ벻ᣬܲɵʣҪȥģ
֪˵١

̧ͷ˵檸м´Լ
˵ʲôζĬһ²˵Сǣƣ棬̽ˡڡһ롣
գգۣûо
ˣܲվų񡣿һĻ¤̾Ϣ˵£ȥȰȰ
ˣ
Щ»ȥ˵һġ
úܾãܲȥ
һպҶȥ̽ǡ
ڹ
֪ÿնڻʹߴƸҶ˳ԾѣŹŮȥѰУֻ档ǶվڷߣŲã
˶ʱԵݡıӰҶ̾һ߹ȥá
ͷЦһ£ôˣ
˵ն㵽ôˣ
㲻ʹ𣿡
ܲǻǰһڹŮΪԵʵõ˶⣬̷ۺڼ͹ŮΪŻܣߴϢԻһ飬ŵķţɡˣܲæı߾£Ҳޱȵ徻
Ҷ񵭣徻кβãÿս̵˵չѩãܲʱӹΪġ
էôʣҶһ²˵ûã˵˵ɱ¶ܺãΪʲôҪ뿪أ
ϲ£㲻ϣֻһ𣿡
ٴһ£Ҷͻش𣺡ʱѾȢûˣŮӡһʼҾֻ֪һֻҪң˳ͿˡûҪôࡣ
Σǲ˵ȣұȲõġֻúõذһˣ˴మ˴ҳϡ㣬ǧǧ棬ÿ˶Լѡϲã̸Դҵڴбµѡ񣬵ҲӦ뿪ġ񳾰䶨Ϸԣ͸Լ

ɻؿԼ̾һҲ㡣ұƳޣñӺƭ̫̫ſҸļޣ븮ΪΪ˴̽µֹռ֤ݵġֻҡҪǱ£̫󡣡
Ҷ˲֪Щ£һʱĿɿڴ
Ů춼֪¶ҵά͹ĲΪ谮ֻϷǽڻûȥ乬楣ҲûѰ⣬ҵȻµگ
Ƭ̣Ҷ˾ˡȰϲ㡣߰ɣһ£㻹ܸ⡣
㵲ѣɫ˵㣬ôǲԵġҲϲ£ܽҺƽǽȡҲϲȴ£ǰһãȰ˵ȥǰҡȻϲߵŮټǺõġ
ͻȻ˾ǶҶѭѭա
Ҷ˳ʫţȨıƵˣȥ޴Ȱ⡣ҹҶ˰ǵĻܲ߰β
£Щͨġս³ԽĵܵܣնƸϡ
ԣܲڵļƻû
¡ǰսԽһգٴͻţ֪һºսʵ
ױд˻ߣܲԣ롣
Ƹϣ˲һԶͻȻ˵´͸һơ
Ȼתͷ̧˫۾˺ܾã֮˭ˡ
˫۾ת棬ܲͻȻʹʡþȫʣСǣôҪΪԸ𣿡
 

567 ȫ

ش𣺡£ҵǡҲܶԼġµףǡСһֻһˣ޷רĵضԴ¡ҴʶԲ𡣡
ļϡ
ܵõĹзԷθɴϻضøмֿ𲻴ġͬѣΪмܣǶĲƽ
沨ףίȨ󣬻򲻵òڿεѡɼٵվǼٵġ氮٣֪оҲ֪ξŮӣΪ˽ٶƭ
ԣ޷ر顣ôһ԰ãǶԱ˴ȫȥѰԷǣңȥ
ܾãоõļϡоõʹˣƾȨסѹ
˵öԣˡ
ˣ޴Ӧ㣬ߡɿ֣ȥϵᣬĶͷҪúûšĺǣҪǵãиǣ㣬𣿡
УɫĬĬͷ£ء
ЦЦ
ǻعȥˡܲĬڷϣơ
Ϊӣ߷£Ůɫ̹ۣ޺ۼ֪֮һʲôĸоʲôǰ
գͻȻˡ
ذһǻʹġʹΪԼʧΪͬܣΪѹʹʱҲʹԭЩʹĥڰ֮ϵģֻ뱨ҫٵĿУ԰֮ж
ѻʹķϲԸ֡
գ¤ԥܾòŵ£
˺һᣬ˵ܾ
ǡ
ܾܿˡ
ܾ㻤С¡
סһᣬܾʣºγԣ
ӧӳȥˣûлعȴ˾СǱ֪꣬ҷ飬֮ͻȻ£عԱ߽׵ĵزסˣںܿҪʲ֥롣
ĬƬ̣˵֥޵ѩչѾʮԽ޷ԮֻвʮǰСҪ뿪ʹݱܣ⣬Ҫٻ
ĵڶŵݸܾ
ܾ꣬һ;ĳмϸ
ǺˡѩչȻڱµġЩӽͽֺõĲֻǼװߡֱ޲Ϊʲôıܵô죬֮սôҡʵϣѩչ͸ӧ֮ǰͿʼˡ

ãЦһ£ǻʵۣǶӡߡȥ׼һ°ɡ
ĬƬ̣ǡ
뿪ʹܾվ˺һű᷻Žաͷȥ߷ϽֺǺǵкˣϸʲŵ֪ķ뿪ྩҲǰˡ
һţ˸ҳͼо
պ¤
¶ĺģūŷô꣬û˭˵Ĺġӣαأ
ܹܣлչˡѾʵиˡлʱܹȰȰ£ϧǰ
֪Ȱ¤ֻ˵·Ըպﲻݾӣ˻ϱסһӡ
룬ҡͷ˵лĹأ¹ΪӣҪȫ棬ԶУɣܹ£ҽһ¹ڣ˺ǡ

̾һϼȻΪ⣬ҡٸ׸ĸýҶӦãһס֮ʣܶ˶֪Һƭ̫´ͨϷڹУӾˣΪλĴն񡣵Щ޴ӾͻֹϢˡ
û뵽˴ܲȫ¤ĬΣʩһ񣺡ﱣءūŻᰲظġ
л
¤ܲ̾һޥʣȴԵˡȫɡ
ǡ
պٴβ
ҵ¶ʮˣǲڹУʮꡣֻǹãͣգꡣ
ϢڹȻ
֪ˣ乬緢˺һͻȻʼУˣôˣôأ˭ˣ
էһĽˣ˰ȻֿޣƷ񲡣ûž乬ֻ¶Ĳʱ޲ʱЦ
 

568 

³壬ڵ¶
㡣
ΣӰ
ꡣĴġ뿪˵
š
Ӱǣӽ϶ȥ
ҹµĹٵԣܾפȺ
硣
Сǣȥģ
ҡͷҲ֪Ƕǰ̣ǵķض顣ʱ㻹ǻȥߣҪ㡣
ɡ
ġӰոǿǲҹ·˵ġȥɡл³ȫ룬˵ȲҪ߾ĸǣú֦ڡȻҶ̻Ұˣһдŵġʱ˵١
ȥɣҡ
΢Цһ£֪Ҫ˵ʲô˵Сõѣ֪ҡұ֤ҿ϶úûšںδҶϣһչһ˳졣ʹ˱ˣౣء
ǳȥٻͷ
ĬںҹܾЦһ¡
Ǹһֱڣ֣ò׼ԼΪͲΪġ
վãʰྩû׷ϣûо֪Ҫ˲Ǹ˻ڱײкµĵˣϡ
һպܾ۵ǰӥʦ۶ǲ˾򱱳Ԯͬʱ꣬ܲԾʣǼʱݵӣ
硣
ھǣ
԰Īؿʵۣܾеġ
֣ˣ빬ܲİ
̺ܾˡѼ󳼸ϳȥܲʣ㻤£ôˣʲô
£˵ս³Խˣó㡣

һһʮذǵĻһ飬˵ǿԽġӥ˾ȻٺԱ˾Եǧӥǧ˼һǧʳһʱӡ£˿Ҫϧ֧ԮǰߡֻдӮˣԶȫ򡭡һŮӣδأ
˶٣˵Ҫ˲ǳ
Σܲʣ˾ûϹģȥǻһ
ÿڰ֮ϵСһߣ㹻ˡʱգϵü
á
ܾ뿪ྩҹ̡
պ󣬴ִС¸ǰʮפȴһ棬ʣܾΪʲôھǣ
֧Ԯ㡣Ҹ㡭װûܾԼļƻ˵ˣȻѵż빬̽ͦõġ㲻õġ
ǰȰܾսھǣһͳϽ˾»ʣ򰵵տǡ
Σûƭң
٣㾭ѡÿ㶼Ļ꣬ٸ֤ݰҵǹʹ
һҰν㲻мһڿࣿЩʹͶ÷ָһ롣
㵣ŷաĻ󣬱εĻȴҡţ߽ʱ˧ʣóһͼλ
ҲáҲҪ׼
ô
ʦֻ㡣
Ǻܿɵж
ǱʮѩչӪկ಻ϡ
˧ڣۣӧҲڵǲصУԼԴεƵϤνԻʤǣΪĸ˧ͳϽɵʮ
ӶС·ׯұһӹȣҲˡضиڣͶǵ˻Ǵߡסʮîʱǰִ

ʮߣѩմٴ֮ʣɱ²á⵽ϮǷ
Ϯ
ʱսļ죬ѹȻӴ
ôƵǵĲ
ӧ쵰İ塣
ô죿Ӳƴضأǵ̫ˡ
˧£Զӵĺɫҧһ֣Ѻȫ󳷣ذǡ
ǡ
죡
ĵ㼱죬ѩչǿذǣ󳷵֥פ֥ʮС¡
Ϣٹ𾪡
ϤܲסȭѹͷĽţĬò˵¡װȫǰߣٶȡ
ǡ
λ䣬ǰȻսܣǻƴɱʱҪѲ°áסˣǲŲҡ
һʵ˳סڳЩĪ壬Ӧŵ
ĸķߺʧĽصȴķǵϢΣҪסѹסоȴ
 

569 յ

֥ʱķң塢½ҶӦ޳ܾɽּ䴩һһ˵ĹֶһһسڴƬɽּ䣬ոһ޴ͼ𽥳͡
֥صʮգķǻˡ
ʦ֣ô
ˡиȱڡ
Ϊʲôȱڶϣ
һķǲˣ٣ֻѧĳɣоһҲ֪Ǹطô¡
Ȼֻʣȱ𣿡
ʲôеģ޸Ĺԭ˰ٱֹֻڳҲ㹻Ըʮˡ
Թ𣿡
ûС˵оУġ
֪ô˵źã図ɱνһö
һѰѺɫС󣬺ˡС乭࣬ǶȹŹֵбţһϸĻȡ
ʲô
Ƽ󣬶ٲ䴩ؼסÿװʮ̴̣䡣Щ̶Ľ죬ܷʹðΡ
һϸؿһĳԯж٣
һһǧܡ
ãһڲپǸȱˣص˧ٴðξʹ۽ϣй図
һպѩչӪһ£ӧԪ˧һ֥Ӫկ
һᣬӧ˵֥ĵƻ㲻ȥѡ
԰˵ڿԼذǣٶһӡ
Ҳǵĳеִ١
û꣬һ߹һš꣬ʣ»ʵиϹͳ˧ڵδҲϣǻ᲻һˣ
Ϊ߶Ͼӧ֪ྩ¡һ㶣˵ڵδ޽ǣǱƳޣһǹƭȡ̫Σļ޸ܲϸ˵
꣬ЦȤȤ֪ˡķ٣˿ã»ʵǲѲýڵġ˼ҵŮˣίΣվǲġĲһٰܡ
˼Ƭ˵һֿܣҪôͻʵ̸
ӹſ꣬ӧ֣ǽˣ
ȷеϢ½ҶɱǶ˼͵ȥˡǽչ𣿡
̽õ飬ӧףҾҪ塣ڰǳԹġ
šھУİȫͽˡʦ֥룬ðգ㸺ɡ
ʮ͹պѩչӳսݣӾɱ
һգȫܣС·ȥСľܶ࣬ƽ̫ĵ
һģȫ׷ᡣ
׷һ·ǰľ𽥶ʧ
ǷɢˡӡǱжµ¼ס
ֻǸС£ʤ׷
ǡ
ܿ죬ӧʲ½䱸׷Сɰܱʴ·ֱС¡
˺һᣬľԽԽܣֻ÷Żоٶȡһᣬû·ˡ
Ԫ˧еŹ֡Ÿ߰һľһѡ
Ҳĸ֣ͷһԸ䱸ĸоΣٿȻһã󳷡
Ⱥˣּðʿ͹С󣬻ۡ
ۡ
ֵָڿлһεĹ켣䴩˵оĿסơ˴խػزѩչͳ˻ӣգۼ䵹һƬѪ˱ǡ
ͬһʱ̣·˹İΧ
мˡ죬سɱȥ
ѩչ·ͻΧʱСһƬïʢľ䣬ʿվһķվǰסһ̣ҲץסһԲ̣ͬʱ
һ˲СΪİ֮أضľεض𣬾Ĵգۼͱ賤ûˡ
СѩչӪһٿȻ󷨣ڵվȵ
һ̣ӧ·ӧһ˸Сݷ֧Ԯɸʯ죬ԭؽ䱸䡣
ʱ䣬ӧʲ˵Сһжô
۴һ̧һָ˴ּضڴ߶ɱǡ
ǡ
Ǹû֣˾ٿȻһͷһͷһŻ͵һͣһİա
߲⣬߳΢΢һЦһң⡣
ҡҡβͱʾˡ
 

570 

Ӱ˷ܣؿߣ俪ڣѹֻһҳҪྩҪȥ㣿
ֻϲ̯֣һöӰ
Ӱ񣡡
ǰĵӧûкúö飬ӰƤ¶ֻ֪ñ˽ڡ
üʦ
ǵʦн飬ʦ⣬չһ¡赭дػشţֱӵʣɷѿĵذŵǱྩ͢Ϊ˷̨ġѪ٣԰ɣ
ٿȻĬһ˲ʣ
ȷʵġյĳɾͣȥҲòߣֻᱻٵ˳Ե
Ӯ
֪УԶ֮ల¡
ٴüɭȻʣԺδ
Ӱ󡣡
Ҫ£
ֻչ
Ǿһ¡
룡
ժѣԵն¡ŵӰľһȭ
ǿ֣ӧ˱·ֱ˲Զ˷
ûӧ˽½ҶӦ޳סȥ·
ӧıҵ
ǹӧЦһӦ飬ͳȫ㡣
һٵ½ҶӦ޳ǹ٣ϡͬʱ˾ܿڴһ˵סѦڵס
һʱ䣬˫ֳɱź˷
˷˶ƺûԶĺɱ
̺һϸ΢졣ڷ賤ľˡʿͬʱۣ̣ͷսȦֻķǼۣץ̡
ľֹͣʱͷһ裬оõͣ͸սһ˦ʩչСһܱķǵڱȥ
ƳӰ󾪣ȵ󡣡
˲һ˶ַգۼռλ֡֯һðĵظ֣ն䡣
ЦһԵͬӳһۡ
Ȼײһ죬˵ͬʱҽУ֣ǱˤΪļսȺɢľɨУˤһƬ
û׷ˣһӶ
Ӱɽ䡣
һ˲ķٿȻۡһĺ۾׳ֻ̣һȭ
ӰȭӰͬʱػ̵档
ǣ
һ졣
ּһ
һҫĿĺУһšּ䱼ӵѩչʿͻȻվסˣֻϴܳ࣬գۼܡ֮£Ҳ޷ֶΣܻһУһͳ塣
С⣬ԮĿݷǰĹ쾰󾪵Ŀɿڴ˸𣺡
СҳһţվӪŴü
ǻӪȥɡ
㿴Ǳߺл⡣
Ȱʯشһʿɱо󡣡

֪ʱƵ󣬽˧߸Ʈڰνǰɱ
ս죬ֱ˵о
û뵽ֻȴ˻ʯҴӭУ˫С²Զɱѽѷ֡
СλսС޻ݺݵصķǣС㵽ʲô
ǧ£໡һеķǣǰģһ
ʲô󣿡
ǧľ󡣶ľ֣˫ľɭǧľϢľ𣬻磬ɡǰ֮ľ֮䣬ѳɣǰȲˡ
û뵽ķǾԼһܣɱУŭ
δ䣬ķѾ͵һԾ𣺡ʧˣͳڶ̣ȫ߶
գۼּ䡣
ģӧһ
ûͷӬƵּ˴ҹӧǱس֡һ˶ǧˡûüܻһʿָԶУʧˣ
죬Ӫصķ䣬ӧɫ䣬ȵȥ֧Ԯ
ʯӪʬһأսģɱģѪζ뽹ζӣ˱ǡԶС»ࣵȼա
ǿѹסͷḷ̌ӧתͷǸȥһ·񱼣֥ܿ롣ӧĴȥ󣬲Զɽּٴð
ǽʲڲࡣ
Զȥ̳ʣоˣ
ǵġ̽õоԪ˧ʲС£ӧƹܺ䱸ӧʲȥһԮʯҾʲˣþĲбּӳֻ򱱡ӧˡ
図ĻڼЦһú糸Ҷţ޳СڵĲемȫΣǸӧ
ǡ
ʾ׷
һռ䣬Ρ
 

571 ս

ӧʱĲб׷˰ʯϱһһ㣬ֻʣ²ʮ˳ɴˣضʧ
û뵽ҰˣɫҰ˺һסҴҴžˣͼذ
밲ʮﴦֱǵĲܾ
֪ضʧԱڶ࣬սһͳΧֻʱӡû׷ϣܾٴδأá
δӧϵ
ܾٴλӾɱ
ҵ飬ӧʲϧ˦׷ǰ׷ϴ
û׷ܾȴ˺һᣬڴŴ
֪ܾ䲻Ц˵ߣ˵ö԰ɣ
٣ʲôѽҪʦ㻹յ룬ã
ԡŪɣߣ볤ֱΡ֮֮ӧּаյ˽ֿԡ
Ǻܶġǲ׷𣿡
׷ٵȵȡ
á
ʱפӧ˾Ķ顣һû£ġϱһǰǰһ޳ǡ¥ϣչӸµؼЦڰܣ׷ˡ񣬰ǰ׷߻򿪰ǵĴ𣿡
ݺݵӧ˵
ս󣬽ھͷԸ図˰鱱ǳصİߡ߷Ļ󣬶Ƕ£ϢԶٸ¹図ڰѱǳİ߻壬ȴ
ǣӧṩϢͰ׵شѩչӮɱ¡ˡʤƵýڲò֥롣
˭֪أһδʤֻһδѭ򽥽յ롣ܾʲԮ֧£ڸɴѴ쵽С¡
ǰѩչţʱ䣬ͬʱ˰빬Ϣѩչ̽ΪԼĳ˺ͲһԹ޻ʵ۵ɣɱ˾ӧľģֱɡ
Ȼ˳žǿ֥룬С£˳յ롣
ĴֻӧֱȡȴʲƵо󣬳䲻ػ˰ʯķߣǵͷŹӳľӧͬʱ󷨵ڻ»رǣںõܵȡǣݵضأضѩմĹ;
һۣڲҪѩչĽǸϳ߾յ룬ݴͣƣհʮѩմԶ¡˷شѩյսµҰģΪؽӮ㹻ʱ䡣
ĵ˿ֻ̣׸
ǰʵĳǽӧ޲ͷ塣֪˿ضʧսʮս۹룬Ӳƴֻᱻʳȫûܾãһҧʾ󳷡
ʮ׷δѸٻΪ㣬·Ǳ븽ɽҰͼػصƹǱӡӧһ𱣻˾ܿһǿױ
ϵذգӧһһϪԡ
ɽ·ߣʱӣߣȻ׷ˣϡΪ׷ǲòηֱԽԽ١˿̣еӲǧˡ
Ϣһ̣˾ܿת𣺡
ƿա
һֵۣ¼ʮ
ǿߡ
ͣǲֻȥ
˴գҹĻǰȴͻȻ
вӧ·ӡȵӳƬе˶ˣ˾ܿҲˡ
Ǳɢˡ
¹䣬յɽһƬӨס
Զɽ±ߣһվһʯͷϣӭ硣һֻļͷ
䣬΢΢һЦ䣬ּˡ
صɴ۾̶ķǣĻ쵰ƭңȻƭң
̯̯֣ش𣺡㲻ҲƭֻһϷ
㡭
䱾ˣκΡӧԲãҷŹ
ӧشбһʦ֣㲻ҪϧˡŮһٶıСǣҪΪǵĶƣҺСǾͲߡǽڡ
û뵽´ķ΢˵ˡ
СŮ
ߣķǣʡڣ˵Сǳ˻ʵ۵ĹһİɡôͲҷأث֡
ӧ˵㣬룬ΪʲôҪԼͬ壿
Ϊʲô١Щ߸ϵĹǲᶮúӵܵϻ˵
Ҳסǣߡһ䣬εϡ
󡣡ͬνӭս
Һޣݣ
 

572 


һٻغϡ
ٻغϡ
εϰæķǱˡͲ
ӰٴײȻֿ
ӧ˵ߣߣ
ţһٴξٵһΣһˡĵúȴƺޱ޾չķǺͽڡ
Ŀ¶أķסʦֵվһбǡҲϾ䡣
⵶侪ֵصɴ۾
ߣ
Ƶ˼㣬ӧٴλӵ
ҵͬʱӽһ־Ǻϻ֮ǿһС
ţ촽˺һᣬһŵͷ
ʧɽ¡
ɽϣӧһж
ɽ·񱼣ȴµΪС¡ȹ׷ڶ࣬Ϸڼ䣬⡣ȻѡӧȴΪͲķ˿ӧĸˡ
˿̹ԮȴʩչҲҪڻߡû˱ĺ˵ʵڱһЧʧ֮ʣķɾͻ᳹״ݻһ˵ĵرֲ˵
һᣬͻȻͣ½Ų
Ƭ̣ͷܡ
ɽϣӰһζݺײһ
һƵ졣
Ѫ׷ɡ
ӧˤײһ޴ɽʯһ޴˿ںǰѪȪӿѪɫѸٴȥ˻Ұס˶̤Բľ硣ӧߵ㣬ʦֵܺ¾սǽӧ·硣
ǿվʦֵܣ³һѪЦҿ϶Ӯģ޳ܣʤ֮䡣
ޣ˭̸СˡҪú¶ӦԪͳ첻Ҫй¶ܣŲܡ
ˡҸ㣬ʽ覴õģӦԪûѧռһʽһֱڻҾ˸һҳͼףһʽǹϲרСϧ֪һʽǹ븨һοھʩչΪˡһճƽ⣬ʩչ߻ħ
ٸ㣬½ﱾǲġǡƽ˰Ʒ絶͸¶ʱԪ˧˭֪ô֪ģû׼½Լ˵©졣òɴ˵ٵǲǺܺ棿û幫ͱ˹ңοңҳ룬ʲôأ˿̵ӧش֪⣬޼ɵذЩض§Цѡ
Ļ쵰Ц
ٴκϣ䡣
ֵӧĽЦ
ס֣
Ӱһ
飡
ںŭһ㾡ȫһ¾ײˣ˳һתҪӧնڽ¡
ϻ䱻ںݺײ˳ȥ̵ءۼӧҪѪ岽֪һе˹
Ҫ
סһ˲ӧشС
ˡ
۵һڵĽ壬͸
䣡
ٿȻɴ۾ץסڵĽصѪ·ˤӧ
ΪʲôҪ
̧֣ѵظѪ߲ȻһЦҲᶪ㡣
䣡
ģķǡҲʬҰ㣬ǻȥ
˫ɺ۾ŰԹһο¶顣Ծأķǵͷ
ЦЦӧȪ·ϣҪңҽ¡
Ŀأػ䡣
˺ѷεغ֣ӧһγ׶֮ʹ䣬䡭УץסǰѴ̴ĽٿȻ
͵
þγţ£ҡ㣡
ҹ壬ŵϵѪ
һĻķͻȻͨһѪȴ֪ʲôζϲ֪֪
һԣͬˤҲ£ǰ˿ڼ̴Ѫ顣֪֧ŵ˿̲ŵµģ
֦QקסƬ̣޷Ӧץץͷ¶һżı飬ͷһȥСʱҺĻʧѪֻ࣬ʣһķͬڵϣƺˡ
ԶĹɽҰ䣬ܾ図Ĵ׷ɢѩʿס˾ܿյȥ·
ӧ˵֪սڵķ˴ڴ˵Ӱ֥룬֥뵽Сµɽؼ䲼˾Ÿ
ѩմСʧܺǰа·׷ƽηֱͻΧٴķǲµ󷨡·߳ľУ׷Զԭǳɢӧ˵ҲķǵĽ
 

573 

ѩմ֮ʱ֥һƬϣѾǧС
ٴӲһǣ岽߲
ռЩϷ硣
޺޵صɱķǡ˳ˡ
ľѾҰܣҾȥ㲻书ܸߣȴɵвסǧαأٲֵ˷ġ
ֵã˵һңߡ
ڸҶϵӰ򾶯һ£ƺԥ
һңкܶöԡ
һң
ٿˣӰԥһһ˺üβʾϡ
û뵽ӰҲˣҧȨûʤ㣬޺ްΣתȥ
պոʧأδӳȥѩʿնɱűѩչʵ۾ŭӣȰӶߵˣϧȻʧѶϣս޷ֻȻձ
ҵʮߣݡ
ۣۼѩմƶʮǧߣոʧأѩչܡ
ݱͻྩǱ棬ʤ
ʤϢϽڵϣޡ
үôˣ㣬ʲô
̫ˡҽˣ绹š֪һرġ첻ѽΪʲôҽŬûܺͽһ𣿡
֪Ȱ⣬ĬȻ
ϸ½˶֪ǻš
ϽʹԼĽ㣬Ӫʦֵһ˧˵̫أáڱķȴǻԹߵؽѵʦܡ
ΪʲôҪɱϲΪʲôѧͺͰݣ̫ˡ
εط˸ۣش
ʲô֣һӧӳȥҪɽҰ䲼󷨣ܱƵǷֱǱӣƣֻŹȴҪɱ̫ˡǰ͵ҵӣֺҵ䡭
޿̣ڳ˵ʦ֣䡣Լġ᲻ӧҺθɣ
˵ãһ˵ķǸµ׼졣Ҫ㱼ߣ֪ϱߴ̵ԭҪҰʦϵĽ飬ӰŲóôϣɳô˰æ֪Ϊ˰Ƿ˶ҵҶӣҵӰի߷챦ȫ᷻սƷ
ʦ֣Ӱҵġ
סڣԼ˵ҪӰТʦ⣬Ӱҵġ
ֻñ졣Ǹϧѧķǵ
ڸϵɱսǿס˹ơս꣬ķͻȻˡУǲѦ˷ֱϸķڹѾĻ֥̽ɹͬʱ߶ѩĽ˶ƣ֢ҩֻ߽⡣
ȿȰ˵鿷ؾŴķǴǧӰ䱦˵֥ҰģֻɹΪ˰ѩǣƴԮֻлѩղʾʵ߻
ɱ⣬ִӭսӲƴʤ㲻
˼գյ룬õսƻķһó洫󷨡󣬽ܣյ롣ķ󣬷ָоڽ½ػܽʮѩմ𽥲ʳơ
õĲϣʿӰĵӣǾ󷨣ķ˳Ϊؼǧľ󣬽Ķʮָɢ룬ΪһսĹؼ
պķǵ£ӧʬ屻ͳ߾ʱѩչةڹϸսܵ顣
Ҿ𳬹˳ɣԪ˧˾ܴˣݷ塢ʯѳѾڱ߾޷ߣԷɽصرһѻճ˰׵ءɹ˱ٴαܣ֥˴ĺ̸Ҳ˱̸Σѽ⡣
Ĭã»ʵЩ˵ѽּ߹ڵ֮󣬼ӱΪѵĽʿǣ롣µ£ةఴչɡϾڹϾܶ
ǡ
оˣѩչʵ۴һܳĻȣһľ¥
¥ˣֻʵʹ
ĬƬ̣ʣʦԴкο
һиش𣺡£ʧأϢ̡ͨͨ
̣ͨ
»ǵȻʵ𣿴ӮӮ̡ͨʼձǿ󣬴˳ƶΪҹܱߵɹ˶žڵΪѡԭռݣЧȡõѡν˳˿ʧܲһֱʧܣ¾أ
΢üʵ۳˼ãá
 

574 ׷Ѱ

ľ¥ﰲãĳľ¥ߴһӰԷ
ʦʦ˵̫ءҰʦ𡣡һֻϸСɫܶϡ
ǰ˲ΡʵԹ֮֮һѩչ֮ǻ֧ߡ
ָϣ˸һ£ʧȥӰ򾣬Ŀ䡣
ӰǧǾȻҵˣ£һ񣡡Ϸ˼
жƣѩչιʦĵմӣѩչʦӧ˵ʦߡһյˣҲǵʹŵྩꡣ
ྩǡʵۼҶӣӰоѪɢѪٿҲбĻȴǺıƻع˼ǰ㶯˼̵棬͸ȺԷɽصأСɽصأٰӧ볯֡
ϧ㲻㣬ž˾µѰ᷻۵ذѽںķǰ
̽Ϣķðʤʮһءǲ½Ҷ図߾߲ٵطԭ
ЩӣھоˣæýŲմءȴеظӰҵԷɽصأֵĶȫߣַһѻӰھӪ˼վͷ˽ڣǾ̾ϣϲ岻ߡ״ڽԻرܡΨܾȤÿն˵ƻҧһڡ
ңӰȻױԼȴʮִȣᡣ
µףڵǿָɣͷۻ
ҵ³ţźñפطؽƽ̲ڴڽʦ
һ·У˰˾գִǸפ
һ䣬ƻɽȥεҩģӦ޳һ˽
磡
޳ôŵأ
죬Ӧ޳һ˵ңǰصྩȥӰڡȥϽ̡˵ңϽ㡭ˡ

ֱԼƺزӦ޳ԥһ˵뿪ʱӰտ㡣ǡϽ˵ɲ
ڻع񣬽ڵڵϣֻͷһʹɤһ𣬴ƣһѪ
磡
۶һץסӦ޳Ǽʱ£
µס
£ۣһƿӦ޳ڵ˳ȥ
ӪⲻԶܾһ֦̾һƬҶϵӰ򾡣
һң㿴òóԣ
ͷӰ򾲻
ȼһֻһѾסһֻȭͷԶҽδָȭٶ˺ܾܶ࣬һסȭͷһֵôһԲ֣Ϊ޳򣿡
Ļ쵰Ϊʲôƭң
ţ
Сˣ¾ͲˣΪʲôƭû£Ļ쵰Ȼͻʵ۴ͨһڲƭң
һܾһӦ޳վһԣ־סڣסڣ׼ⳳߣ
֣Сˣ
ܾϴקԶӪصĵطɿ֣͵ذ˸ûѵ⣺ȱǲ׺һˡҪԼɵСǻС֮ģǶǻˣͲòɢǣСǡʧȥ
ָıʣʲô
֣滰Ҹ㣬ұϣ£¶ĹĲ١Ϊѡ㣬ǸҪǣ϶õҡ
ͷѽʹһ٣ܾ˵ˡ˵Ҫ뿪ʹʱսڼ֪ܲӮݱܡǳ¸
ã˻ʣΪʲôң
Ҹܶ´ȥ𣿽ڣΪʲôػ԰ػ˭кܶˣԼ˵ģշ塢껣Щֵܣǵļˡ㲻ΪСȥ̣ҲΪǸʱսڼҸ㣬ֻġ
֪𣿡
Ӱ£϶֪ġҼǵӰطǰһ¾ܵˡ
Ƭ̣ڵͷȥ
գྩʮﰲӪܾȽȥ˽ʿǵս¼ȴǰ
Сʱ֪Ӻδ˺һᴥ롣
΢΢ü
ǰ
ӰߺСǲˡݸĴҡסһӣǰͻȻԼȥӰྩ޳صġ
ͰΣһˡ
һʱ뿪Ӫϱȥ˧ӡ˧ϡ
 

575 ط֣꣨

ϼ̸ʱãվںߣźһɫ׳
Ӱһ·£ͣͣס²ãݵϢʹˡӰΪüɫ裬ְԼӦ޳µļƻһ飬ȰԼһ뿪룬ɢġ
źǣǸξÿ֣벻Ǹ˭òΪΣ
ɼӰ˸ˣҲΪˡ˼Ӧ޳ҪصྩԼȴ۷Ӱ鱣˼ãһ뿪סѰһڵУؽһ·¡ţͻȻҫݣ𡰿ҫݶ
ֵǣ£;̶ӿԽ飬ɫȴһ·̹;
ʮǰҫݣںѰһޡҵǸܺõˣһˣüһƬԴɢģδȥδȥţھͻأⲻ⡣
ںס
֪վ˶ãֱҹĻ٣ǲջߡֻӦµɺӡ󡣿ֱţģյһգû
̾һĬĬתߡ
߳Ӱһ̣һֻϡ
󣡡
ȵؿ̲סָͷСôˣ
¶һ˿Ц⣬צһָǰ
̧ͷһ
죬Զ˷ɳ۶
ˡ


Сǣ
ĿãҲѹֲסӿ˼ӵ뻳С
΢΢ۣо
ϤůΧ
ǵ֣òǡĵˣȴǵãоҲǵá
Եģָо
ůҸ۵
ˣˣ
ȵվûյȣ
ӣֱ۱סļ硣
ԭ˵Ĺġˣȴûϴ
ڣнڣ
ԡҽнڡ
Ҽǲʲô벻
ûϵ˾˰ɡڼǵþͺáֻҪһֱһǻкܶգܶ䡣
ͷ꣡
᲻ǿģǡϲ
վûжԼģҵ
һߣӵ
Ը¿ɻף鹲ͷ
ɢ̳İûб䣬ûиġֻҪǵǵĹȥͺáֻҪɽӡ
ҹˣꡣ
ӵţһܵˮҶɳɳ졣
ҡҷĵ£ڵͷݵ۵ŵ˵ˣ˯һɡ㡣
˵ҹҲ˯ܻῴһ仨ǻңڽңÿ¡
㵣
԰þǰ̶ҽ˸¡
֪Ͻ̰ѽǰ˵ɹ¸üֻ֪ػʲô죬Ļͷġ
ţο¡㡣ܷʲô£ҵǰ档˯ɣҹۣܲ˵ġ
ڶİοĲ٣ץסۡ
ƺ˯û˯šߣپô־塣Ƕ仨ֳˣҲ
˴˶
ƺʲô
ʲôأ
˸ͻȻУڣ
Сǣ⣬⣡
⣡˵þץΪ㲻ڡ
ڣһֱڡұ֤
š
جˣ
ƺʲôȻͻȻˡҺڡߵ
۵رοţһܲͷһ顣ľܲҪƻǣô֮ͬ񣬻ݣ
ˣҪֻر͸ǲᱻϡҲѾˣǴע
ԣǻǸ
İ£һ˯ˡ
һûجΡ
ʱ֣Сˣɵδ
оЩ𣿡
šЦЦ
Ժȥģ
ҡͷ֪
룬˵ȴתͷϸ΢٣ɿ˵£ҡҺܿ
˼䣬Ὺ˳ȥ
Ժһ۶΢΢£üû
Ϊߴʱνͳŷ
ּ

ˣʵگԻ˫вҷ֮ƽ֮ʵΪ֮ʯӷ⽭ΪһϮͱͳϾʮǾմˡ
ּ⣬ŷӡţ˵ŽӭүȴҹȥǶ𡣱ʮ˵ԹžҪȳӴȣͲƽˡ

˵ϲⱾѷ˻㣬͵غϱߣ˷۱
һ㶣ڶʱû˵ƻȣô˵úǷģʲô
үĻǿ޼ɵһزһ䣬ŷóһţǱµױʡ
˶٣һ
УܲԴǵذѽڴͷβһ٣Ӻ֮װŪݣٵÿÿԴǳС֮ĶȾ֮ԴǿĴ˿ûҪЮ˼ǽڻ⣬û˼¶ԼȻܲ佱Լιǣһ·϶ŷȻ˱ͬе̶ӶȰŵģ޵⻧˼Ҳкơĩ˵˵ޱרһһһֻһˡס˵ĻһȢˣ۾֮ڣް㣬޲㣬ֻǱЩ⡣±ӣһߵÿ졣
üëֱưβʣǲܾڱǰ˵ҵĻ
һ㲻Ƕ𣬱鷿ΪةҲȰסȥˣ˵ʲôҲ֪
ʱԼôģֻ߹ܾһڣҪֽʸܲд˻ţָۣܾĺ״
Цѣŷպž˵図ϳְѾˡӦ޳л˴ͷ⣬˵Ҫͷ˼ġУڶδӾŴӻˡڳְǰ̳ԶľλʦʱҪƽ᷻Ҫ˼˰ʮŴ¼һ˵үոΰɡɽˮڡ
ŷౣء
ء
ŷԶȥվ˺һŻͷ֪ʱǴߵߡ
ͷʣʲôˣ
û¡СǣǵϱȥϳǡҫݲԶϲ
΢Цһ£סĸ첲ȥĶСֻҪһ𡣡
ӵסڿ򱱷ңԶྩЩӡ
 

576 ԸԲ

һպⲻԶӦ޳ͷӰ֦ϵȣһԡ·ڻҪܶʱҵǵ١
磬Ͻ㡣
㣬ôܲǶأӰ챧Թ
ݸӰֻǾòõ޳žۡ
žۣ㣬̫ˡ
״ڲʣ޳Ҫȥģ
ŷͳ˵ҪȥϳǡûȥӰҲûȥǹȥǰٺãٸǰȥ
ؿӰʣ޳ôǰ
ʦ˵ë嶯Ը˶棬ӲɽҲ̯̯֣װй̾һ
Ǳ׽ֻʦǰһѽ
ҡ
޳ӺȻ³ӣС㿴СǶ¡Цѣڼʵؽѵһ䡣
磬ôأϽ㣬Ĳ³ӣ
¡ҾóӱȲǻ״򡣡
Ϊʲô
ͷС
ʵ۸Ӧ޳һת
𿴲ӡСıҧ
ǡٵ⡣ˡӰ
ЦţǲϳǶȥ
ĸºһգϳ̺죬ŵƽʡ죬ڴ飬½С㡣λ½СǣվҪȫʵ۵棬ִϳǺĸգѹº½Ů
۽үȢ˭ΪޣڹԱнͷ˼޲˺ǰءֺءķˣ½Ҷң塢Ͻ̴С誷ҲξҲ֣һشһݺ
磬͸ġ˵øлŶԡһΪ㲻ǶƢС֮ĸ߱£²Ŵȵԭ㡣
һξС֮ģʲôֻ
˵ֻΪԲŸܣȴĵ״
ܲдڰԷۡתһ˵һؾة࣬˵ºܹܾĻ¡˼䣬ַԸһī
ξŶȤȥ½ҶƶˣתϽֻޣ߹ȥһѶյ󣬾˵̣Ǻ֣ôЩ߰¸أ֪㡭
ѵڵܣԺϲڸױң塢ӰһԣЩ鱦
ֻÿ
Ҳÿ
ǰЩǰ̴߷ģ˵ޡ
˵ǶžеԼ
͸ӣƺʲô
ŴϲӲƾϲڲ˰ѵԼţץŸơѪһ滨ȽȽʢ
Ӱӻһչᴩᣬ续иڶߣԾ˽ȥ
ƺվһƬɫĲϣŲɫëţ˵żŮô档빬ΪŮ٣ȴһҹⲻİŲµĹһԻԸԸ׼УֻһЯԼѪ̾ȵţ˶ϵԵߡ̤ȾѪȵţֻصһɽҹɿͣǡǾߵ
·𿴼Լڲͬʱ쳾оִԡ˶˵ѹȴ˶ãҪƣҪԲ
ԸҵҵִִԲ֮գԲֹֻأ
ƺʲô
Ŀˣˡ
Ǹˣ΢Ц
һ̷
ڣ
͵վǷɱ
ڵһŸ˳ȥ
ܵ÷ɿ졣
űڴʧɫϽ̣Ժ
Сǣ
˽Ļ
ڣڣ㣬ˣˣ״ε˵ţ̧ͷҼǵǵһμ棬ײ㡭һǵҽ㶣ҸдţԶЩӻУһ㵽¶˷̣ҡ
ȵţϵı˿ϲס֣ǣǰˡǵ˵ʮ̺ӭ븮ҴӦȥҫݿ
ǣǣҼǵãҼǵáˡ֪ˣǶ仨ҪԵңҪҡϲĲֿЦ
״˲Լͬ˿æȰ⡣˺һᣬڰˡ޻ֻֻȥױ
ȺɢȥϽ߹˵㿴ɣˡҪҰҽµ¸Ӵ̼ڻ벻ġѵû𣿡һ壬װʡ
ģʧЦ˵ɣҪʲô
Ͻ͵һ֣ǰãի߷᷻ĲҵĴ˵ÿɿԷֵ߷Ķӯ㲻ھǣܲ⡣ӯָһ룬Ƕ
Ĳ٣
ġ⡣ңپ͵õӦîסôԶûٵġ
ڿЦãϲȥɡδ⣬㻹
ǲҽҽ㲻ͬ⣬͸վߣȰסˡ˵ˡԺҰ㽲ңҲðҡ
̯̯֣ðɡ¡Ǹ¹ˣǧ͵˰©˰
٣𣿡갺ͦصȥ½Ҷ԰ˡ
Զķǰֻػǲ
ħһֻػѰˣΰ롣Ȼأȴһȫ
ǵǡǰҺһ£ƬҶӻҰɡ͸ʮƲô
Ʋһٶˡ
裿
Ҽǵûʮƿ
Ŷ
䷽
ķǾɥذͻȻ˵Ҿú糺ܺ档ҰҶӻ㡣
У糲ǳͣ
ϵ͵ؽһʾ֧֡
ʼ磬תƻȴķǼϣצһ죬ֻҪô̬
״ķǹЦʢ
˵Ц䣬ʱѵ
ءֱŮҳλ
죬һɡ
·ںգ˴ãһЦ
۶ٷ粨裬վ̤
ʼķޣǨתԸԲգ۷ޣƵǶٷſ˴˽յ֡Ǿ̫ķ룬̫ķҲ͸ϧǰ
ḧεǹ
֮ʣܲվƸϣ
Ų죬һʣǲǺã
תۿӵסش𣺡ǰ
Ȼ᲻ãºαء
Ĳڣˡ͸ǧｭɽ޻һҸҲǹƽףǷƬ̣ͻȻ˵ʵֻǱȽ˰벽
ûʣҶп
ǴŮӣ֪ԼҪʲôʼյΣ
 

577 䣨£

ҵ£ܾӰǵྩպܲţͳ½Ҷ㡣
һǰ½Ҷɣ漴νͳ졣ŷ˾Ϊӷ佫
ðţڼ˲衣
Ʒһյ裬ܲͻȻʣܾϹٹʮˡ㼸ʱȢ
ܾһ£û˵ҪȢ
ǰة¡Ϲϲ㣬ƷòڣкβãȢɡ
£׮µû˵ģϹٹ䡣羰
˻һܲЦ½ҶҲſЦ

Цǰϣ˺һܲͣ˵⻰ǧٸǡ̫ˡ
ܾĿ¶Ȼ
ƣܲپʮȤתһ˵ܾ֪¡ȻԵţǼˡˣһѡʵӡ
£ͬ⡣
ʲôͬġˡԺ󻹿ȢŮˡ˼黨ǲݣܲ²ذܾߣȻԸʷѡӡ
⣬½ҶͬȰ˵磬Ϊá㲻ҪپˣҽѾˡ
ʲôбʣڳ⣿
ǰþةһֻ˵¿϶Ļ¡˵ˡ㿴ºܹ㣬ּͻˡճײźãαϹٹյأ
û뵽ԶϽԼףܾöš
ƵػصϽˡ
ЦܾȥիָĲɫë˵磬˵Ҫˡֻøѡһֻɡ
ӳϽһת˵ǰҸĴȥ˺ԶǸԪѲƲ򵽾ֻĴһֻȡ䣬ǵǸŮֻҽһֻֻʣֻˡ
򣿡
԰ֵˣҽ㲻֪һޱȡ
Ͻ̶թڣܾ̲סЦ˰ΣһֻϽɫӡ
ͳһֻӣϽֱ֡ܿ죬ȥ½Ҷ
ɢܲ½Ҷֻþ֣һʶʱİҪۡ٣ܻܵҪ
£ɾӡһֻɫġҽһֻ͸ҽ㡣
ǣܲȻֻĵԸ¡Ǯ
ϲϽץסȾʵϲã˳ذֻø߼˾Ůһʱ䣬߷ĲüϽ̺ݺݳһѷͷ
ϢϳǣֻãԴͷ˸־ûиԤܵܵѡֻдŶҪΨͼ̰ᡣ
һգڻ԰ﶺ׵ŮһСӰ׷ֻɫëš
ˣүܵ÷ɿ졣Ѿ塣֪ӻţͳЩ꣬ǱСչ˽գԸûر
ԣһЦСأŬһӲץӡ
ʱ߽£һȻ
ڣ˭ˣ
§ס´Ƭ̣˵㿴ʲô˼
Ǿȵؽӹһ
һڽǾ½ߪĻظһֽͿѻƵĻһȦдţ񣿡
ϸƬ̣½µ㣬ǲڸտʼ˰Ƹĸ
ʣСǣôÿζö
ǰҸ½˾ǱԲԲȦȦѧúܿ졣ʾǣʾָЩһϸ˵
ţھʣЩȦȦңΪʲô
ǰҶΪʺСӲꡣǰҶ˵µ˰ƣЩҲ²⣬Ŀ㲻ڳϣԹ塣
ʺô֪£
ЩҶżддš˵ȰʣʹЩɣϾǻʵۡ
ܸܲԼ£ڻεֽо
ǰʱֵܾʣ£Щʲô
ʽΡ
ûҪȦɣö𣿡
Сǿö
Ȱ£αأȻ־˰ɡ
һڼزڳĽǶֵò꣬˼ڶҪǵãҪ޴ȣн졣

ôˣ
ƺȡ
ܾô˵ģ
ǡʧԣ´ȡ
˵
ܲ˳ػȦܾһᣬ̲סﲹһһ
һһ࣬߰¾áʱأһԲȦͼԱڿֻǽͼһȦһͼһشһСһ˼ɡ
һΩԸ䡣
ȫգ

صС˵www.27txt.com ȥС˵
½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ