صС˵www.27txt.com ȥС˵
½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ

ͨѾͷҪλ
ߣ


һ£ɿ˵Ѿͷ

Գϰӣһߺﲻ
ǳūгıͣҪһЩ͸ū֮ģᵽ࿴һΪԳǳūŵĵضطū⼸ȫ¡֮ء
ꡭ
мͣڹٵм䣬ûſͻǣӶΪľͳ⳵ľģо˱֪⳵ˣǸ
λǼҵūŰɣǱūйټҳĴС㣬С͵˵ء
˻ûһɤŶ
ɤŶԭ˷ܣֹ벻ҵˡڣĻⰡңһŵӣкū͵˼ңһʱ֪
ңټҵƵĺܡļҳ˹˾ҪԱɶģҲǵһ֪ˡԣһ˼ңѹ⡣
ͣĳԲһ£һӨڱ
Ż죬һֻ÷ⱦЬ̤˳
˴а
ӳĹԼʮ꣬һ˫΢΢һк󣬹͸ζ
󣬴ӳ½λžͽõѾͷһĸӻ߳һ󷽣ͨɸˣ˶ֻһƱ֪Ҳ̳ܵū澡
ЩѾͷһжһ˫˫Ц۶񣬾ׯֲʧ߹šСǣǶѾͷװһ߳˾Щļҵ̡һ˵ĵֵӽУʱҲԽСࡣ
ǷʮҵСۣƱĴһĨааЦݡȷʵǳĿܳƫ˫ȴɨСС͵ģЩ̬֮
ĵطвٵƯСﲢվǶ
ٹȵ۾ճЩϣƯģ˷ܵһӡǸҲ
ָĹ򣬱кüʹСһĹﱻ˽ߣһ곤ЩС˿һһ䣬ӺӾǻˡ
ףЩСﰡߵұ߶ҲвٵСﾲȺм䣬һȺȻˣɲ֪ôģܸоЩ˶ɾҲǰɤżЦӭǰλүЩūţȫҴţֻΪЩ׼ӴƣЩ˶ɾҲǸǧ۲Ǵѽг˿ɾ˳ۡҪ۵̣۵ڶû˸ŵһ
޵ĺЦҲò˵ûˮ֡Ͼ˰ǶȻҲë
ȺУֻ߰СһԲԲ۾ĸעĿ
С˵ʱСﻹɵĳЦЦ
ԭͳԲһЦǱߵжľʢһ
Ҫģ˫ں۾ЦϸϸһСƯĻȡΪɴЦݣͷ·ȫеȫСϡ
ϲ죬ɣ۸ӣ
˵ŷڤСֹֻЩӡ
㣬۾˵СӣСүһ
СЦɾûмΪūŵȻС
λɵĹүǽ𣿡
СܹʱСָ첲ڲȻСԲСģǣٿǼ㣬һ˫۾峺͸ҪȾһЩԵɫ
ʱṫӺǵ־С
ӴӴС̶ָǲүＸģ
ԶЦ
ЦʵЩŮͯȷʵǱһζ
һȺūȺУһ׿긾ˣ׷С¶һΣǡգִͷ߬ȭͷվȺС
ӣ˻Էܶ顣
С۵Цݣ˿ûÿС֡
ԣˡ
ֳ˳Сָͱ߶գСžཱུģСүϲ
ȺУǸ긾嶼Ϊ⡭ЩŵĶһ¡
СӡԶһõ߳ٶṫӵעĿСϸʱеһȺѾͷ۾ˡ
ףﳤҲԺ󣬿϶ǸӡǸҪѾͷ
û뵽ضСﳤǺðԼģǹү˴ۼö˰ա󣬽ŷڤĺЦֹ
ɲôСӾǸƤʵģҪūǵĲ¶
үǵū澵ĻϲӦžͺãǺЩ⺬Цŵֹ࣬ԹȺС
ŲĸˣҲҪˡſԵʹ
һĹһȺ棬߰˰ˣֻʣһЩģ̫СūվڷСϣһ߿ۣиСӣȻŬֱͦվǶɫ˾⺢岻ôá
ˣЩˡŷڤһˣԸ½ҪӵūЩҲ˰ɡ
λӣѾͷԴһ𣬷ģҪĹǮѾͷƴɻӣֻ󿡹߿ɺá
ӣףЦ롣
ūţɻģϼҴڡСҪ˽ԺôʱūǶ˹ô죡
ѾͷӣӲԸ⣬ѾͷҲӣкãλϹɣȻֻ۾ϹˣǻܸɻģԲ׳ǵķңλ˼ңѾͷֻµġ
˵꣬СڵϿͷ̧ͷʱ߳˺ӡӣһ˫ѰĴ۾һ


ڶ£ԭǽ

СѾͷùͷҵġͷŹѾͷȴСѾͷ֣үү׵ˣҲܷ㲻ܲˡ£Ҹʶã㣬Ѿͷˡүүһ˶
ο꣬ŷڤͷӣ㣬ֻҪԸүүôѾͷӦġ
ŷڤзۣͷϣСҪôŶʱЩ⶯һߣЦȻֱ̣Ȱ˵ӣ˼ڸɲ̫ôүĿأ˴ү񣬵ʱλ͸ˡ
ỹãһᣬŷڤ뵽ԼڸЩҶǵӣٹӣм֪µȻءŸЩ߲ȵ͵Ƣӿͷ
ҲϲԾһֺηǸǻȱøĵͷôãͷϹһֻϳøĶǡǡáҪģ˰
ЦˣһԣԣǸȱһøĶͷˣøĵء
Ѿͷ⣬ͳŷڤٶȿͷллϵүүлĳá
ЦһѾͷΪƣҪллǼҹĵغã±Ӱա
ǡ
һӦúȺУǰ˶ƵƯǸСȴʱŷڤǰǺ
λӣҳλСܵҲǸС˵ϣԣҲ߿ɺá䣬̧һָԶһżСޣ顣
һ£ŷڤɫͲôÿˡǰһˣǿܡһû븮˻Ҫʲôˣ
ЦЦӴӴǸأû븮ѧᰲˡһģŰ̵һֺ˶Ӵӵͳ⣬ûģңϽӹǵǸ
Ȼȳ⣬ǳ˵СҲŅ̀߰ͷӳϣĲѩһȻֻʮһͣȴҲ׿˰ǡ@˸ͷһϿЦݿŷڤӣū澣ҲὨĲôСӲӵĴ۾һֱ䲻̬ȣŷڤζɣ
˵ɣ˵͵˳۶ӿţ
ŷڤ¸ߣŶ˳۶˵Сү
ҿԼһû¶˾͸Цϲתת˵˷һķҲͰˣΪλƫƫҪȡɵģžᡣСӵҲС龫žͼǺޡ
СҲ߰꣬ǻ˵ļ˳䣬ǲһСģ
ŷڤƵԽŨ̧һָǸСͯӡʵ˳ҲģСЩڴ˼ңʱҪһЩС֮ࡣҪ˵СӵҲǿɵһСˣȶʲôġЦǾͰһ߰ɡ
Ц⣬ӣο£
ŷڤƳһۣ£Ͳһū˵̡
ķһɨЦڨڨ¡Խˣλôܳ裬Ҳӡο˵һ˵ˣ÷ŷڤӵ
뵽ЦϽԵı㣬ϽӦ
Ҳ֪ǲǹģһʱѾͷǸҪԵĹǸ˶ˣһ
ⰲţ֪ǹӵ˼ַˡ
΢Ѵūŵ¶ϸ㱨÷
Ӻݻ󣬷׿÷ŷڤʮˣɡɫ΢䣬˰ѾͷܾŲþЩˣڤԸһǺǸģЩˣҲǡǡõһϷ
ϽŵӦȥ
ŷЩԽƴūҲСĽЩ
÷֮Իеڴ˴˵뷨ʵҲԼߡϾڶ⼸Ժˡ
ڴ˴˰ȥûĽЦȥ
º÷ŷڤ̵һ
λŵ˵ڤǳЦԼ
󲻹ūţһ֮أô໵۶ڴ˴ԱǷֵģ˾ǣЩԽСˡ
ӣ÷ʱһССūţò׵ô̽䡣ǣŶǲм飬ǿаЩ˻ȥ
ǰǰɿɰѾͷȫȻڳϣһСдŷɣ۾ȴ¶Щ˸С
С㡭ǰ˵ǸʱȴС
ָ֣˸СӵԴϡҺãǻһ𡭡
Ķ˻ү⼸һˡ
үЦŸ˸Դϣ
ɬȻҡͷ޷˭Ǽ˴ءڣܾһ𡣿ɼǶӻϢǿɿġ
⻰˵Ѿͷһۣһ˿
÷²治٣ˣϷŷڤƵġ
ʵģȻǡ
С㣬ӴԺ¾͵ˡǸһֱԵѾͷᣬ֣鰧ݲ֣ᣬǴŴ¹䡣Ѿͷǳ侲ֽ࣬ӣСƵذ
£뻹һлл㻹ҵӡֻǣӴԺұͬݵūţסֻǡһͨūš
Сݺ֣߬˵նһ߲ϵˣĵͷλˣǺССͣͲòǿԶµС˶Ӵ


£̽

ºݺݵͷĨȥ̧ͷʱԶС㡣
Ҫϰֿ˲׽ĥֻûԸһūŻȥңӽү;ĸóĽۣǲҪϵĺáϾūҲǣ֮¡
ƽСѾͷٴα۾εĽүУ۾΢졣
УľҲ겻ѡ
ǰ꣬Ϊ˵ĶһģҵС㡣аԼĵһõߡдĽү̵ţͲĵܵܡκΣһʧƣȫΪūͽ̱ΪūŮ˱ŵȫߡеıҤﵱ˼ӣطūš
Ҫŵı¸ǸţҲͱɢ
Ͼûĸһūš
Ժ䣬ȴߵʱǼѰģ˵޾ĺûһЩԸֺˡգ˶ǰеչˣ͸©˴ӱϢпܣоŷǰūǵŷǣǿһү򸮵ĻᣬǶδҲã
ңҲǻܴһģΪһᡣ
ΪһһֱС룬ڽСһֺ˵ūšССӻĽġ̵Ļš䣬ǰ档
ǰһΪĵū澣ûзѵİţūŵʱһƲĿٹˡһƴ£˳İ
˭뵽ڰ˷λȴ˼Ц˴Ժҹҹӿ͡
ֻҪһ𣬾ͻ뵽ű˵ӣ¼ŮˣҲ̲㡣뵽˾ĻСȫһϹأΪİءһУʱΪԺȴʵ˳˵İţŽŴԺΪ֮·ƴһѡֻȻ׼Ϊ΢Ӧ
ү֪˼֣һ°жԺ
飬ūŻᾭܶܶ࡭ḧƽĵ費ʣգƽ
С۾ڽүϡ
С˶££ү̾һ
Сʹϻ۹˵СС㣬ǴӴԺ󣬾ͱҪѧˡ
һ·ϣϰֶһ˵Ҳͦġ
մҪ̵ãܰ˰ŵ߰¡
˭룬ֻԽ̵һһ˱֡
Щǣһ̾ͻᣬҲ׷Ϊˣ÷ǰ̾һ
ǰ˵֮ص˼ý֮£ǻҲ˵ѡ룬ģġСѾͷǹɶµ˿žͻϲһ˻ؼʡװ£ҲΪﳤء
÷ǻؼʡ׵Եʣϲء˵𵱳Ѿͷ¡ЩСѾͷС˵ģšЩ˾Ǹмˡ
ǰ˰й۲ѾͷЩҲû˵кβ֮
Ǹ˶Ҫ룬˲Űŵδ˼ţҪ˵룬ǸѾͷա
ǣ͵Ľ̵ӣϲȥˡ
ú󣬺Ц԰˴˽
Ѿͷˣ˼顣
С밲̧ͷֹ˸һЦ÷ڵ۾͸ż棬ڵסĻϲЦ⡣
ӭСЦ۶ƯѶУ÷Щ񣬲һ㣬ҲҪС뻳һСԲڤСʱҲĻֻǣҿÿζǺ뿪
һΣѵĸͬʡף治͵һöҹǣ
ͷ
Цٺڵһ˿΢ȣͷǲС顣һЩһѾͷġ񣬾ȻһżСѾͷʲôֵһϣüɫضվǶǻ벻֪ͷһһĴ¶һ

˿ɨȥ˴һŵľϲܺãһס÷ȣ븮ͨūŵ衭
СǰץӣͷƤһᵽףȣȻ᲻أǡô÷΢ۣŵףҲ
ЦǣСѾͷƬӣȵһΪͷҪλء
һߵĺЦҲǺСС˶ͷСС˶һᵽסңͷƤһһ£СԲžһҪĴһЦŵȷʵģģСһӣԴһΪūţΪӷǲźá
һԺЦмӻظ
طˣЦ㣬£ԵС¡׮׮ѾͷþľźãȻǻǮū
÷İԵͷǸģѵõǣС˶ͻ󣬳ɳ̫ˡ
ЦҲԽԽϲ÷ǰϲһˡ
һС˶ôҲ෴ģмϾСΪūҾ˵һµĹټҳģҲǸġ
Ǹɵģú㣬ѽҲֻǸɲʲôˡǽȥˣ̶ֵ
볤ɨִֶֺ˸Ѿͷסˣǰҽдƽ˴̶ȥѾͷǷ˰Ĵڡ˵ţ˱Լദ
÷۵ЦǶһ
Ǹ龫ֵģѹڤӺķۣѾͷ뵽ʻȻ΢еۣȴӹһ⡣
Ц΢ݡ
飬ͷβⶼ̽Ѿͷ
СѾͷϲ񣬱ζп̽ӡң÷
ǲԸ⣬ѾͷӣĻ᲻֪÷һȨƵġ⣬ʱ򣬿Բã
һʱ䣬ЦЩ硣۶ֱֱСѾơ
ǣС˶ȴǳ÷Ҿһ̧ͷŵϲһ˫۾Ųۡ
Ѿͷ˵ԸġȻ飬Ƿ˺ͺЦ㰲׵źá£ɲѾͷѡ񡣱ʱ֮ԻǸ֮飬ʵڱѵʱүүչҺöء˼ȻѾͷүȴҲʤүˡүҲҪΪūƤ˹һᡣǻʧڣѡ
СѾͷҧһһ˵ǻԲţǽ첻ᱻﰲѾͷҲŬ£ߣΪ£㿪ģҪû
û
÷վŴݵľݣ˲ɫƯ޵ͫȾɫ
ūţ˭Ĺȥ죡ŭ⡣
Цŵɫ䡣Щ겻ó裬Ǹ˾֪¶¶Ȼ֪ҲһūѾͷ˵ġ
С˶ҪѪ֮ˡ


£ūֽ

롰ͨ£̧ߵСϣȴд˺Ѱʹ
ʵѾͷҲһ־ʧĺԺˡΪѾͷʱ㲻ԽģҲֻҪĿģ˳⡣Եģǲв뷨
÷С˶
С۾¶ŴŵᣬһСΪʹŤšСӣǲĪˡǲǣڤҲ
̧֣ĦһԴϡ
ҲǸġ˵ԭҲǸټҵС㡣
ڣѾͷֻū澡
Сȴʵֵĺ
÷ＫɵģϲĻشҲԽ˳۶
˵Ҳࡣ
˵գﲻ㡣С۾ҲĺܡǣҪĳϿҵѾͷ
ѾͷҲᵱ⻰Цһ㶡ǲ⣬󣬶е
Ѿͷ־ǣɳΪҪĹӣָʹ
÷Цˣɫţã
֪Ŵа峺ĺۣͯ΢΢ͷŮܳɳ
о⻮߬ȭͷ
ڤģԼʮѾͷ̺Աߣһ곤ЩģԼʮĻߣҲΧŲƯѾͷһֺãҪͶ뱧׵СڤӣȻСȴһɫмģһһѾͷСһһѾͷһſ۵Сϣմ˲ٵĿ֬
ֻǣǻֻǼƳһѾͷǣûнһĶԼģǲôȤˡڤõصһߵСˣŵС˿Ͻ취ҪҸʲô˶
ǡʱһСӰ˽
һɨƳС˶ׯСʱһĨζڤѾͷ
ŷڤ׹ԭϲɬѾͷ
˵䣬ߵѾͷϽǰЦǣµ֣СãλӡҪ̺ˡ
СȻׯ廪΢΢һЦǰḣ񡭡
÷밵˿ı֣÷Ĺע󣬾ôܶһǡ
ϧǰһֻΪǸ֮˷ܶĽݺ򸮵飬ǹעļ٣һöҲֻӦ䡣
ūûϷ޷Ϊ
ΪţֻҪһŽᣬ£ץסȡɡ
⣬Ѿ£ĸԼүڵҪܶĿꡣ
źһԺȥ
͹һȻ裬ʱҲǱūǿɢʱ
һھһɫȻĸʱԼһƬӰ
½̺ڤӣǲ̫ãʱ·Щȡ飬ǰ˵Ľ
ģһ£밵߬ȭͷðܺ
ӡ
ǣӡڲ
ﲻϣײףǵ״
һûȥԺԶλڤһЩȡ
в̣ɣЩпʵҪŮ
Ұˣһ˳ΪūΪŮһѾõıͨˣǵİ˾һ𣬲רŴһȨƽϴĺ֮ң븮ͼı
ǣѡһ·ǰ·ϱȻѪȡ
Ȼǵֻû·ȫҰ޵Ļ̤һ·
벻֪Լô߻ݵģֻͨĻ֪ǰЩʱԪϢһ½븮ūţвٶС
ЩԲеļͣʵвǿõġһһˣǶտһЩֻҪһյƣЩˡʵҲߵĸԶġС⸮κһˣʵʱǻǴáֻǴһ·Ժ£ƼӰ飬ŲѾͷһ·ֱͦЦȥ
ҲڵӵĻڶߣҵĺܡݺˮ˽ԴϣһЩ˼·һ뵽£ǸԼӲµСèģһʹڱˣֻһūţȴá
˴ξ˵ڤдĿˣµĹзʲô飬ûϸ֪ºתҲֻǳӴЦ
ƺûжӰ졣
֪µƢײ¶
ĽҪ֪µ׺ҲáУҲеúЦЩϲ
һ죬ò׵Ŷ֪Ҫȥ̺ӣҲǱӵӡ
ūţֻ̺ӱá
ķλͣõѾͷᱻ˽ȥ̺
Ի̣
ʵ̺Щʸϵˣ㣬ôһ
ºûѹ̺ˡ
ϣӰ齣²᲻صĴ򣬡һΣλӶ飬Ҷ֪ˡ
³ɨᡰһ
߹ǣת۹ϾͱһѪγش˴⡣˵ĵ
²ŴӦ
һʹĲĨᣬֻ齣ϣ翴һش˴⣬Ӧ̫С̫ǲ
һΣûСȴ޲ѡһεָµū澣˵ˣеĲСٰڣҲޡָλȡԭĹ£ǵľءǿǣ
ū澵ģôǸˣǾĺáһϲǾ͵СС͵ģҲǸ۶¶ġк¶Բġ
ˣһλ繫ӣֻҰһõĽɫһֱҪҹи磬Ҫιҳ˵ģŷū뿪
ŶɻسƺҪ˵˼ôģǵūŵôţҲȥӡ˽Ҳûٶ˵
ˣһӡ
ǣ֡
СΪӡ
˯ˣСȻ뿪
ųԺӣ㱻ܳһֺֻݺקϡ
ҡ
ˣ°˿
ս֣С֡㡭
Сӣһ䣬ɬȻһЦ
֡࣬ź׵ļС㣬ᣬŰѵˣ
֣޷ģ⻹Ǻõġ˵̺СſϣҲûĳԣȣҲЩˡСŲǡ
⻰죬˵ʵ˲ٵūţȻ򣬺ö඼ŰļҡŵģҲ˺۵ľӶࡣ
ָ¾˵ҪϺԺܹˣˡЩǰҪʱ϶ࡣһա
ЦͣʱǸͷ˶Ϊ˻ϺԺµλãȥأ
𾪣СѾ룿
΢΢ͷһбĺԺλ磬ûλʱ򣬰ϸţܻзӵġ
˳ĬţһǱеǰ뾶Զ¡򸮴ԺģҪ˵˽ѻҲòҴš
Ÿèôһõĵطǰ治ԶԼƵĺ


£һļ

³˸֣ʾһèǱԴĵض
͸׷Ҷ죬ܿԶĳʮС˲ѾͷΧһͲСȭߡ

ﱻһ۵Ĳӡ
ϲϱкšǴ̶Ź˴Ҳҳ
һȺһ߶ŹһߺϡһѾͷǺǺš
Ҫǰ۶һССȣҸ裬򣬺ݺݵĴ򣬸һ׺ݵĽѵ
ǣԭһߵ˵Ĳ£ǱߵСʲôûԹޡ
һӣõ𣬴򣡡
һ˴ÿһ£С޾ʹ¾γ鴤ţӴ˴ܿС޾񣬻ǲµѪԶţ˴ѹ֣û嶯ܳȥֹ
СֱͦͦŲˡ
ôáԣ
ˣ
ô죿ǰλŭѾͷŵʡ
ݵǸСνһ
˾˰գһԺСˣ⴦˾ˡ˵ˣҲֻǸеˣŪΣֹµĻǡֻҪҳϣָֻǺõġ
СѯʡǺã
⣿ȥ˵ˣЩ˭ûģͳǵĸ£ǰЩʱһСء£ֻ£һҪˡ
ǡ¶æˡ
ǰ˵䣬ְ˽Ű̧ȥ˺ԺԼģȥʬˡ
ȵ뿪ݺ߬µ֣¡¡ֻһūţܱͬ״ҲŵɫȫޣһۿпĺԺū档
˺һӣ²Ż§룬СӣǶҲܷءҲ͸˲µһôҲ֪
ãȻͷ뵽Ŀġ
̧ͷ¡
£ҿɵˣǰЩʱգλʲô繫ӿ㲻ˣ
±ʵ۾ٿһ죬ͷһŤƵģС֡ĪʡЩ¶ˣ
ֻ򵥵һ䣬ľͰġ﴿аС£ʹ˱Щˡ
뵽ڼʱǴǴԵǣѸ约ڵ϶õĳ岻ܿƲСܣ̥жԺһֱáÿηȻҲаҲأΪլкü֮ͨģǻִңЩŮϡ
СӡĪţһңˣ跻ҪŮͯҪȥ̿ѧôϲҶҪ⸮ͷأ
¼ӣ˻裬£Ҫ˸˷¡δҪ޸˼ңˣ
ЦСӣ㲻ãǻк˼ޣǰ÷壬ྫԵ˶ɾˣҲһָָǸ˾Ͱ˵ôԭ򣬾ֺôһڴǰһ˵±ˡǵūŵģֻҪСĴڣԶ˼ҡϵ⣡֣Ҳܸµĵɽ
ĲҡͷȴǺɿ֡ԴҸǰ̰ɡҲһֱ΢ūţҪ͵һ⸮˵ϻŮˣǸүǶ檵ͨѾͷҲù۸ǿ
Ůˡʣǿļء
ȴҧŴſ䡣ǰ˼ҵС檵ʱ򣬱ָҪȥһȥһڣίͷҲЦŵġò׷İ飬˼ȴĶࡣЩʧزҡͷģ㵱˵ʲôС㣬ԺŲҪүǵءǸǣΪ˵үĳңĶ
ظ˵Ϊ檡ǽ죬ȴǿҪȥ跻ŮֵͯطˣҪôǱ͸Ŀˡ
ҪôǱү࿴ϣΪΪͨѾͷľӶࡣ
ߣᱻ˴СһȻΪͨĲ·ǣ
£ΪѹȣȻҪСǸ߰˵ҪޣҪֱȻжŮ˼ת˵Ŀ죡ֻΪΪҪȫ
뱯ֹһѱ¶Ҫȥұ㣬һ㡣ȴһƿ
ĴһĨĳ㱣ңһ߻ǰ˵ûװ԰۵СѾͷ˼ҹһָͷ㶼мܲסȴ˵ҪңһϲˣԺλң
ֻǼ򵥵һʣ졣ܵѶˡ²Ҫ˵
㲻˵ҾͲ˵ˣʲôˣΪҪġҸǰ̰ɣĪҪϹҡ±˵꣬Ҫٴ뿪
ҧŴٿ۾һ˵С޺ҲţţѾͷֻܵСôҲҪ檣£ǲ檣ͨɺãһ·ûг·ġǰǺԺЩͨĸжõδ
ס£ȻֻӲػӿ֣ͰΣСӣѰɡ⸮ˣҪһƬأΨСС檣ĪСޡûǰЩʱǸСޣΪɫҲүռô
¿ʧǵһţתݺ뿪
£ܴȫ
ͻȻ˵Щ˼Цǰǿקסµ֣£֪ˣ֪㲻뵱檵ġɵΪҪչǣ뻤ȫǣȻһ·£ɺãǲ檣ֻãҵĺ£С밡ɵ¶ǣۡҿҴҪ㵱ء
ǿӲϣЩݡ֣Ȼѡַԭҵĺǡҡòײ¶ľġ˶ôŵ¡Ǹ̬ʱͷģһһҪ
£ҲΪȫǡһһĲѡһ·Ǻѣ·ߡǻǵȥһ·ǲù滮ţȥŽһģܻ·ġ跻ǣǾʳ˷¥кβͬأֻҪڣϲǵȷ¥
̾һûӦֻֽҳС㡣ղŻŲһκͺá
Сӣ治˵ǸСҲôˡָһλͳܷԸܲƵӹǡûסء
ֻǼ򵥵һ仰ȴȫ䡭ԭСҪȥ跻ԭ˸跻һЩĹա


£ע

СߣҵСߣСճ׵ܵܣǵճģĸĶС㣬ĺԺȻкЩСҲ߸Ȼ޵Ǹ㣬иж䲻ڳ󲻾ã㱻˺ССĵܵܣȻûȴҲΪ̥жáһŷڤūţ̫Բûϡ
¹˵룬͵СߣԭŵճĸӼҪһ𣬷иӦȴС߲ã뵽˵Ҫȥ跻Ů벻һеɡ
ǲǸµˣҪ뷻Сߵȫ
ǣһӦˣһΣ͸λ¡´ͷû㣬㣬ǡô壬Ŷ󣬰˵Ŷ˶Ϲµжˣܵǵүүѽ˵ȴֺۡ
¸źۣС㣬ԭǴطȳˣ壬ʵҲṇ̃ȥõĺãۻһЩúˣһӰȫء
Ҳ˵ӿ˵۾ūôˣҲҪһūŭ𣬺䲻廤
ĸмְٰΡ˥ԭίСԭǸʶಡ˶ѰŶ˵ūţÿ쵱ȶġһʱͳԲ죬˲ڴ齰춼ûһ˫۾תˡС壬ĺġ
С߲ӦõūŵģҵСߡ̱ڵϣССϲ˻ҡ
²԰ҧѪӡС߶жҪֵܽüж˭
С㣬뷨ӰɣܻСȫġ
һͣĨᡣ
Զԣġ£ҷģԺٲ׻ᡣֻߣ˵ĶԣҪػҵСߣػǣҪԺ޷۸ǡ
Сӣʱֻһ뷨ػҪˡ
ҪػȨơң˰С߻š
ͳСС˵£ʵ˿ϵһЩŮӣٸЩҲǿԸС߷ˮġֻǣûԵ
۾һԣ̰߾ӶࡣؽߺҵС߾ͲٳԿࡣ飬ȥ뷨ӡӻеģ϶еİ
С㣬Ƕȥ뷨ۿ۵ļϵС㣬С֣תֿ
ҪҪ
ħ˵룬һ·ߣһֱ߶
ţԶڴˣԼͳ
üĲڰȥҲǼˣǰȻūΧһС޴ֻǸС޵·ȴ⸮ūǵ·ϣеǴġ
үˣС̺ӴһǻŮɤ˵źĻ֣ȴС޵ϡ
һݵȴǺݺһСϡүвٵ۶ūİ
Сӣֻ壬Ҳߵġ
ūǽ̺үүౣذ
ūŰӺһߵĽյо֮뿪
밵ü첻ֻһߣȻײźЩ顣뵽ǰڼĹ⾰ٿ⸮˼ңǲ
ԭ뿿ǰС˶ȻС˶ʱ
С԰һ˫۾СߣľۡĵһңǱʲôڿСϵǷƷŹپᡣ
ǰС޲
СֻǣҧĴ壬һСں¡
Ҫϵҩ
ٻܣɼǵûȥ·
С޵Ĵ۾ϣԥָָĵط
߰ա
ȥ
ɲһСϾ亹ֱð
ߵȣһֱڲ
šüһߣߵĿӡ
ССȲһ˺ۡ沼ŧڣϸвٵ䶯׵ŧںѪ⡭
θһܡ֣ȻսС޵֣һѱԺȥ
ζСӦǲСġ
ȻȴССһŶģֻʮ
ĵطһƧСԺ䡣
ͳӣƿԺ䣬һҲûС
Ժﾰƣһ롣
ǽĴ©磬Ժ䣬ūסҲҪһЩ
С޷ֻһ۵ޱϣתȥˮΪСϴ˻
ǸƬ⣬ŧ
ͷβ۵һֱڲȴû߹һҲû飬ͷһԲԵΪŧѪ崴ҩúС˾ˮ̳һ
Ҳ۾ֺõЦ
ûɫֻǰƬӣԼ崴һйպá
ʱ㾡ŵ˻гԵľĸ˳ġūأˣûˣҲûūչ㡣
ʱСϵ顣һ̴ʯ顣öӣƳɫǼõġϸƳСһ˺ۡ
ɼ飬ҲǱ˴ġ
СԭЦݣڿԼʱɵЦͣҵͷֲ󡭡
һִС
ˣס۸һû£ֻҪڣһжлᡣ
ȥʱһ䡣
СſȲˣֿԶ룬ͻȻҧ̧֣ݺϵ顣
Ҹ㣡


£ҺڰеĹ

Сϵӣͫ΢š£Сɢҫ۵ĺ졣ǶŰ֣⻬ʶˣ֪鲻򵥡
Ϊʲô
СȻԶǶǽĵط
䶯ȴֻʵ
֪ˡ
ûٶ˵ǰߣϵӡµ˲䣬С֣һץס顣
յͫɢĳЦʱָͷСֵͷ˻߽㡭߰ɡ
˵꣬СתһһյȥԽԽ죬ƺ˴קһ
֣߬顣
²ŴСȻǡ
Գ
Ө͸ֻĦţľ
ö֪һӵĹЧǼΪ
ڲʣҲûϳ
Ǹġ
ֹһתȥǸͳ½С˵¡
ʱСǵ̺
иֲ߰ȣŰѲһЩ㱻Цźݺһߵϡ§ŸղСһ죬ǲϽūŵ³СŵɫҰףֳûһѡ
ϣС޳鴤˰󣬲ǿӵ͹ſڵϣϿͷġ
һУ΢ЦŰǴȥ
Ǹиģķǣһ佱ϡǣǸ˵壬ҲƸ
СͲ˵źû
ЦеĿżƣǺЦţӹǴ顣
Ǹһūţã˵˴Ļա
Ǻǡ˵һжµĸԵʡǰЩʱϣѾͷ㸣ءȻ˹µĸԵǰתظµĲźá

һ£ĸˡ
֣СԴšš񣬻һ˿ζ°ɨȥ˵ɣ£СǸϲģҽͿΪͨһ۾΢ţ﷢ȴǿԴЦš
ģʵأġһƭ塣ԭԵһѾͷиܵµȵġӹǶЩԡ
һᣬѾ֪˭ˡ
˵ǸĲһѰ˼⼸첻оŪߵˡȻѾͷҿɵķϣ͡
˵ȥֻ۳롣
Ͻչ
ͷ尲һóģҲעĳλӵԺԵѾͷ˵ˣСӵҲûԵҪˡ
ѿ飬ٵ˵롣
ȷʵǴӡ
ŵױţױӵӵߡ
Цˡ֣Ѿͷȥɣаš
˵Цŷһû˵һκݺթǻѾͷһơ
ɫ˵ǻѾͷӣѹֱЦ
ȵ뿪ѲЦǸе˼СѾͷҵƣ߶ԶѾͷǸŽѾͷһƾͲǸġڻģֶ¶˲ţǻġ
չ飬ԽϸоԽӲЩ⶯ˣģǸʲôȫӵ޸½
ҹ뻳ﴧһͷһƬüԷȥ
Сһ˴ںڰ棬۾ţҪܾЩľͷͷļ
˻
˻
ôס䣬Щ̶ǲϴ
߲߲
ݿڹͷϵ𵱳û񣬺öſϣһֱѪ͹ͷ
Ҫߡ
ŻӸϣһֻܾವشܵ¡

ܾܳţȴϵĲ
֡
СڵϷץҪסһݡ
һֻʱʲô
ȵģȴٰ
Ϣ̧ͷԼ
ɨһЩӴܵԼһɻ
ü̾һɱӡƣټĸҲ
ѹ˵ǵӲūڴ˼ңŹˣԲΨһġ
ϴˣʰɾЩСԽԽĻеסƱۣǿˡ
СŴҷµ۾¶һ˿Ȼһ˿ŭ¶ɫЩ۵ף밵˿СȻ٣Ӳ
ϸָһøɾŴӻһЩʳȡ
˰գҳһЩ
СϲӹʳҧʳšԵǱӣѲ²ЩӣһֱûԱ
Сų󣬾뿪ʼʰ壬⿪·ΪϴСӹǡ
ȴ˺۲˵ҲȫָϣСһͻ֡
֣֣߬󱳣ϻػشš
СԴһһģе򣬲˾ȵĺ
ְ˯գüɫһ䣬ͻȻֺݺݴ


ڰ£໥

бֱŪѣС˫롣
ֱӭ˫䳰һ
ģԶԼ
ǸıӰС߬ȭͷС첻⶯šֱʧԺţ۵ص¡ҡôĮ
ǣһ뵽˫Įۣ޷˵뿪СȻһЦģԶԼԼ
Сţһ꣬ſ׽˳۵˶
ȴϣݺݴѡʵף·ֻܿԼûκ˵ļǿġǣǲ⣬ΪʲôСĮԴ
ȻţǣڴÿĵĿ
СϣҲҪţС㷢ĵЦ
죬ôܹ£ȻһһС
µ˵ˣС˴𣬾İ泤档ԵӣѾͷȵŹ곤һЩΪ
ССһۣСİϲ
ľȵЩˣǸС
ӡ
ӭ˫΢ӵСŷ·𿴵Լ
̧°ͣӽͽСҰɡ
ǣл֪Ͳд骣Сңһµ֡
СӹǣС֣ǣ£һ
ֻǼ򵥵һ仰ȴСҲᡣ⸮ô죬ǱߣǱ
СѾͷǣҲסʹʱ˱Ӵ
һ죬žžµ䡣
ҿһСŰԷġһ̵ȻСһСȴãһֻ֣ĺܣ
ҹ©Ŀڷе֪£Ҳ˺ð졣ڤڤУע
ֻһʱ֣ĿҪ˼ҵ顣ڣȴΪһ飬С߿˾Źӡ
ԺɢʱڸӵģƵȻվͤʱ˵
עŹӣΪСߡãֻںԺһЩ޹ؽҪ顣ɬȻ⵱ãȴҪѾͷͬСĲӡ
ǡ
ΪСߡ
λŹӣҲùעĶ
ǣҪôע
ʱ£Ӷʶ
ûȨƣԺУСʱضᱻס
ǿ£һ鲻ãǨŭˡ
ǣЩӣʸ곤ūǣµġ
ûһЩ˿С
ᣬǸ׼ˡڹ½λԽҵʱۿָ¾Ҫλһ죬ȴȥָ߹µġ
λǰκԺܹ¡˵УҲںԺ¶˵ĵɽ
˵˲б飬˵˳ɫûԵı飬˵һһжᡭ˵һֱһˣǵˣҲ쵶նɱ˵󣬾ûԸȥΪȫɢһõϢһϢơָ֮ǱߵˣǲᱻȥˣΪ
ȥ̵ģȫһЩˡԭĲ䲻ߵϣǸһѾͷĲ˹ѾͷߵĲ¡ΪˣѾͷлС
̤ǰµԺӣֻһûɣȫ˸ƽԺ䣬üûɾԺĴ˵˵ԺˣжӣУūǡ
ԣһԺӳ궼󣬹¡һֻѻųߣҶεĴ̶ĺܡû治ǣΪСߣΪһӻ£Ц̤˽Ժ
ݣͷͰݣ̧ͷӭ˻ǵģʱض۵ۡľ岻ѣȴ۵ǰ밲ʺá
˿ݵ̧
ƤŵĹǽڣС˶ǲϵϢĸϴݶ
ϸƤⰡ˵һЩʢģ˺õСһ𣬿ԽѾͷҹ˯ա
ССĲٿǿž֣ȻЦš˯
Ǻǡ̵ֵĺôһЦܾʱػһ
뻹ǱŴݣΪֶˮϸΪ޼ָס
ϣǸپз۴С˶
ϵذڵϣ޼ΪĨ̵ʱ򣬻̵ֿڣ̵ͷβмӣ˿˼Ҳޡ
Դƺǵͽܣȥ
ڷֵǼˣӵˣһۣ˵ʱղ󣬱Ҳ
ۣ
֣ȥ˵ȥȣһ㡣
ʵֶôʳġطζĽȫĽӿСѾͷеۣգǲ˲֣ʾ͹
ԣԣȵˣҲѾͷȥ濴ɻӣЩСԶġ
С˵Եģһ˫۾ӲӵģСӣЩίšɰί泩
ƵʳĸĽˣ˳ڰСһݵߵȥ
ôСͽܣ˵ȥ˽ӣ˺öĳʳҪģͽܻڶүǰ˵⸮ֿ˵ϻġ
ɫ΢䡣
СѾͷ֣ǵֺٰ÷еĴͽܡһĿҪʧȨǰ̺ģֻһ̫õСѾͷɵãȻæŶȡڶү̸ǰȨơ⸮ĿǰǶ˵ó裬ȨƣȻҲǶǱҪ
ΪĹӵôһǳԸǡ
Ц֪Ͱһѩˡ
СѾͷ˿
ȵ˯źСѾͷİһЩͷ棬ת뿪
֣ҪϽŶ㣬뵽ҵĸ
Сֹ꣬뿪
ͷһǩԼһƽ˳ķֽ
벻Сﻹȥƽˡ
ģǱʲôһֻ̣һȥȥѾͷҲнҲԱȥ


ھ£С˲

ϣ˰ߵ֣Ļ£Ȼɫתˡ
ԭһһС뷹˵ģȴܽС뷹
ңܺȲٵ
ÿ죬ϲ飬СѾͷߴߴظ˵һЩĴС顣ѾͷҲ֪ô¶ߴֻͣҪԺҪ˯ʱѾͷͻȻ뿪
СѾͷ˵ĻУԷóڸ˭˭ֵˡ
˭˭ʧ裬߼ڲϲ
СѾͷбĳϢУҲ֪ڸ棬Щ˵ƣ
֣ɡ
һ죬СѾͷɫЩģԭ˵СҲЩҰס
üʵ¶
ûУϽҡͷһ˫۾ȴЩίСġ
ֶʱ򣬿ƲС첲Сһ¡Բϣ˲䲼ϸܵĺˮ
˻ǵ۾΢УͻȻ֣һקסС
˭ɵģ
ݹǰץĸ첲ɢϢķ
̼ҡͷ
֣ģֻΪ˵˵ûҪռһߵСݡûϵģԺѾͷȥԶһЩݡ
˵棬СίֱᡣССޣֹڣȴ˳СѾͷֺСԲҲ࣬Сˡ
Цɿ֣бпţһ˶ء
Ͻͷûҿ֡
ǿֺ⸮ܵȨƵ֣ǣ۸Ҳġ
Щ۶Щ˵ľˣתȥֺεָ¡
Ψ£ӵˣ⸮Ȩģֻ֡ǰúת
Ϊˣǰŵ̺ʱ򣬾ͷģΪСߣΪǣҪԺܹ̺ãĺúöģ
̺زˣǷƵġȴ̺ĵӦ֡ÿȥʳʱӸԺСѾͷõСϢȻǽʱ䲻꣬ǣΪŽ½СԱСģսһЩɿԱϢҲÿ쿴ֻԺ̺£⸮ĴСһӦ¼ȴܴƿ֡
ǰ棬ܾʳ顣תʳķסˡ
ллӹУһЦšתӭͳܳĹ¡
Ȼû˵Ȼ˫ۣȴһ˿ɻתλ򷹵ӽеһϸѯʡ
ڲ˽͸ÿĽʳһʱ˲
꣬ҲЯԴתȫָֺȥˡ
ǰι֣Ǻתкùӳԣһ뵽µĺҷ̬չȥ
ȵָߵѾͷ򷹲ˣλµԽӴҿ˵һ䡣
µģʳأ˵뷹һĲúµֿνӹܺԺЩˣǴ飬õ鰡
СѾͷɫ΢䣬һʳתߡ
ݺЩֻͿܵ
֣ǡˡ
СѾͷڹ̺ʱСĵ˵һ仰
ŶôˣƵش˿Բ˿
˾ܳĹ˵ЩӣǱ߶ƳԵġԽĶˡǸ̺СѾͷҲܵĻʵ
Ŷ
üɫ֣ɫЩĶݡ
յҲ߶˵ȵѾͷ߶ЩĲϰߡҰ˵ȥա³һȥ֣ҿͻաУ̺˵ѾͷʲôҸָ΢䣬һĺ£ߣ
гǱ߶µ˵һԳԽôµĹ֮ʳҪ֧
⻰СѾͷᣬϽȻȥ
Ҫ뿪Ĭˡ
ʵҲҪŲóˣֽ֪ʳԺˡǣڵȨƣûдﵽסʳĵز
ڵһʱ˵ºѾͷĻ֪ԼҪ뿪ˡ
ƽضʳݣһĴС¶
֣ҿҪ뿪ˣ˵Ǳ߶ûѾͷϰߣҪȥˡ
ֿݵûб飬ʻƤ£˫ӹһ˿â
ţѾͷ⸮ֻе˵ȨġǺǡ
ΡΡ৵дһЩ
ȥҸҽ
붯ҽΪץҩӣȷʵеȨưԼ壬ҲԽˡ
밵Դһӣתҵ˴ҽߵҽ
ͷĲӣ̾˿
˭УϷǷӵǡˣȥ˵һա
ҹͱֹµӡ
»ĺѾͷȻҲǹмӣ˫Ұʮۣȴ͸¶˷ѪĹâ
һʱһʳУ±崲ϵЦȻӶ񣬻нʱ΢΢鶯Ȼ۵ס
ϵĴͰ֪һ֣Ҫ
㿴ɢϢ̫ţû뵽ԼҪýãǻС÷˸СǱŪء
죬µʵǸô
뵽㰵˿ϽŹܵЦݣԭءѾͷ̺Ŷ
ƵƵͷ죬ȴѾͷݺݰȣȰɣһЩѾͷһ̺úöġӣ֪˭İɣҾֹµȡŶֻҪˣֹλʱͳԺһУǣҲֹ£ɫ¡ʲôҲֻǵĹһҲФָ£Ժͳܡ
˷ܵĹâӺݺݳֵ죬͵ࡣݹ࣬Ǻ۾ˣֽŲãź֣ǣСѾͷȴĹܡ


ʮ£ֳ


ַپĺǱҲ²ٵˮ֭
Ƕģ缸ǰӦģҵĺýþͲᱻŪ̫ţȥȥ˵ӻ˼ôԼ˺ӣн̵ͽܣĸȥңҲĺͽܴŶ㿴õĶʲôնֻҪֹµİѱֺˣʱһԹ԰Ȩó϶ȥȥ
ϽŶ񶾵Цݣϵ߿Цš
ʱ⣬ﴧֽСĽȥԷС
Էǰү˵ס
ǰүˣкܶݣǣȴǣ
˭뵽һݲĸˣȴᱻײƼ顣£һֱǺһ¡ҲǺүԸἰ¡
Ϊĸ׵ԵʣСŴĸȥ󣬱䵽챻ūŴѹĹӡ
˭뵽СţӦ˾ĵչӵġϾǰ⼸ҲֻǱȥƽޡʵĺүˣȴСŵĸǸȴõŮˡ
Ϊǰү˵ĹСһòٳ裬Ҫĸ׵Ӵ˹
̤ưܵԷ㿴ǰһҶο¶һŻϲֽŵС
ǡѾôСӵʡ
š
õ϶ĴӦС߻ϲ㡭Ѿ㡣
յ뾯С߸ϽѾ㡣ʵǣǵݣԷŷҲ֪
ѾСһεذӣҪ֪ӵĳʳ
ǺǵЦأҲֻܳһƬ
СʹסӣҾͲԶһƬôһƬɺã
ܣ㲡ûʣĩʱֻմЩá
СԹߣȴֹӣԺǮˣСƺ˲Դڳ⣬У
áС޵۾ЦӦ¡
ɫŵСޣҲ᲻ѡɰСߣԸǺͽĸһ𣬵ڶԸڳ⡣
ĺӿԷȥ飬˵ȴСĽС
д֣Ұ˵һֱڸһѧء
ţǱҪѧġ΢
ǸƵСޣҲ֪ҪϽδҪĻԼ
ԺԺɵΪҹӳ۸ˣҲӵԶһЩסҪԼ̸Ժü
СֽϸϸǰĵζЦС֪ҪЮβˣ۸ǣǰǵñԼ׳ҡ
΢ЦСĶط
ԴǸֺѾͷҲõ˴ĸơ
ǹµİС͹
ǰǰūţҲ½ߡ
ʡ챻ѹһȺ־ūŵ衣ȻǰūűߵʱҲǻϲĺܡΪǲٴͷδȥ棬Է̱ӣӵĻ
ȴ췭ظı仯ϣĵǡԵģҲǰһûһٵġССһ֪ĸʱȥЩҪʳãĸʱȥѰԵġԣÿͣҲǿ챥
Ѿͷ˵ˣԵǲǵģҪͼı
ڵѧʶ֡ǣСҲϼ֣ȻСȴ˵ڸѧСѾǳڵʦ
͸˿ĴСŵ߱ǰһһݵС
ʵѾĲֻ֡ϲ˹Ѿ
СԲģ첲еС⡣
ʱǳЦļ޺
Ҳֻ׽˽˲֪ѾһǱѹūŹǻҪµĴڡ
Сߵ̫·ҡҡ׹־ͷϽŵЦݡĵĺܣӳůЦݲƲۣһеķǡƺעӣСٿ̧ͷͫɫ΢Уһ
СವصͷϽȥ
ŴǱıӰﴽһֻеСء
Էˡϴȥ
ֽһڷźã뿇ȳ⡣
С޸Ͻתϴ֣¾ɵʩ
ʼʰһС
ǵһ꣬ĸ״棬ǸҵĵطȾߵв١ʱĸ׾͸ģ˵д󻷾ȣá򣬲֢롣
Сߵ弫в㼫ױϡ
ϴֻŷݣŻæµСӰЩȭͷ
㣬㲻˵ĿǰôСߵѡ
⵽ҲǡСһѣ뵽ԾŹڵݣѹͲʾɾ
ʱôİɡϷ֮Ľ͵ԣöʳҲϡ
СͷСצӾͿʼ׼ץȥٻʱͰѵĵݵСŵӣϽԡ
ܵСߵأŷ΢ȡ
Сߣ룬Դǵӣǹмӡ̬ȣϣԶӡЩԴȥ󣬴ϣҲܵء
Էʱ̵ֽŷһЩ֡
İ޵ǣֻԽ̵һ⺢ӱȫסȥֻǸеЩѹסˡ
ü뻹˼ţҪôһЩ鱾֮鼮ãһľˣɽ¶ˮأ̵ѧĶˣѰ
ѿν̵꣬뿪
ںҹУȴҲʱһЩۻĶŲ¶£ƽʴۡ
ջصסСԺ⣬䲻ӰܳһӰ
³һץס֣СѾ֡ˡ


ʮһ£滻

밴˰֣ʾĪšһתѹɤʣô£˵
ң෴ģ򶨣Ҳ԰СһĹЧֻҪңҲҡ
ǰ˵˶ŵǱ߶ô磬˵ķʳȥúҲȥˡ־βǶƺʢŭָµ˵Ķ̴˺üڴء
ĪҪģٵȵȣڼҲûáкϢˣֻҵġҡµģָµˣҲ˵һ¼սʤֻҵ״⡣
׮׮ϸ˿
˵ʵЩǰĶţ³¶ٲ¶Ҳͻ¡԰ȥдš
ѽοţȥա˴˰зͷߡ
һҹ붼ûô˯ʵҪ˵ţǣҲǲܡϾеĶעȫѺϵġһ˭֪ΣǣֻҪֲǾζѺˡǽ֣˭֪ء
ˣƺҲƮ¶ġһֻ޲ö೤һȺ֣ҲǰЩֵӻġ
Ҫļλ£дѾͷ˵ЩЦ̺һ
˰̺ʱʵûжʱ
ˣټһССޡҪôһͷԵģǴѾͷһġ
Ϊ˶ӵԺҲѾͷӣԼѾͷĸȣģҲĸɼ֮󣬾һųҲǼġ
ֻ÷ҪڤӣҲȥԺС
Ůһ㶼ĸ¡
Ϊǰүɱ󣬺ү䣬֮λǿŵġԣүŮȫƽԺ档ƽҲΪүҪһŮŮˣԲŷλġ
µ÷⼸ټʱЩࡣͻһһģ￴С̺Լš
ųţͻȻͰ§ᣬڤ
һ
ͷ̧§ڤˣ
ڤﱧ
˼ˮϵϸ۵Ĳ뱣ͦС§Ȼˡ
ֱһ÷ȶɿҵĨᣬѾͷҸղš
ֻɳ۾Ѿͷ㴵һӡ˵Цݸɾڻѩ
÷ﰵףţе۶ãҲεĽ
ЦŵݸһЩʹҳЩʴׯģɿڵĽ
ţãá
СѾͷ̺÷ﻹǼġ
ֻǣ룬Ȼ̺÷ߣȴʱʱһԺ
ЦҲӰΪ÷ĴѾͷ飬ǲӦġ
ɼҲΪǰֵ飬ڻϢءЩˣֻһ¡
ɶЩ˵ǵȨʵҪԴЩԺŵ˵ԺĹǣ˾źԺŮ˵
Ϣء
ʱЦҴܽһ÷ߣѹɤ㱨
÷̧̧֣Ͻǰ
Щ
ô˵÷Ｑѯʡ
ЦĨźüɫİҹľʴϷ˵˳
ǰЩ츮ﲻһֱҲôҰֻ֪ƼҵĶȥĹԺȻûþʹʼֵָµһЩ֡
󣬾ȻЩH顣ڣָºһˣѵء
ǿҪȥ֣Ȼ漣غˡ
һģżˣһǶ˵ԺڷԸŸ·Ա¶ء
˺ôããԼģһӮ˵ġֻô漣غתǣ
ͻȻ뵽˵ԼҪȥʱԸиΨһҽ顣
˵ӱҩټʱƴһƴҲǰһֱȨԼ
¹ôţһѺע֣ʤġΪˣҲǰ˿
һģʤءҾ֪ӵľĻ׾ȥġָµ˻ǳסѽΪ˴Ȩȴ̵øѡЦ׼һݺھȥ̽µġ
Цȴ۶ЦƳ룬Щ¶ӦСѾȥźء˵ǰЩʱ򣬾̺µġһ߰µľͺָ˺ˣɼǸи˵˶
⻰дݵĶ̫ࡣ÷ྫһ˺ǣһζˡ
ԶԣѾͷϽȥơôҲǰԼŶ
Ц˸ҾѾͷѲ°ˡ
Ͻȥɡ
źЦԺ˾֮飬ЩѾͷܹˡ
Цԭֻôնȴǰһɫù֣и


ʮ£һپ

һ˲Σ˵һĲ䣬µģ塣
Ժ£ȻȲøĴǡȻԺ飬úԺܼǾֵġ͸ҲΪڤ롭
˲󣬵ʮݵ˲ΣͲ̫ġο˵ϰֵ˲Ρһ˲Σǵúүҵʱ򣬺үʹ͵ġЩôѣҲҪʳ죬ȴһ˲͸һԺƵĹӡ
ЦѴ÷ʱԭҪط˭룬÷ڴ˰ҲֻɬȻһЦ
ߵˮ鿱߶ˮӰҡ
Цǡ˰գ
ЦľĽģﻹգҡͷ̫ˣ㻹һɡ
÷ϸϸԼֱ顣ֱ֪ˡ۽Ƕء˵ļ˺үĳ衣һλʲôģѾͷҲΪó裬úү飬Ѻӽ߶ģ
Цͷ͵ĸˣĪ̫࣬񡣡
ү벻ˣҡ
÷˸˵ţԼҲ˵ȥֻ˻֡ЦǶԵġңģҲԡȡСѾͷȥ̺֣¾Ǵһİգ
Ц˲ʵ
ҾѾͷ˵Ķԣ㲻Ӧֻһ
÷ٿ˶ޣ˲䣬ȻȥЦ̫߿ˡ
Цֹ˲̧ͷֱ÷λóʵֻʱķ档ǣľ΢үЩ˲ΪΡҲλ˳ͷ
һ⣬÷ʵĵԲۡ˿Ц˵ʵ飬²⣬ֻǡûʵԾûóļλȥ
ЦЦףʣûôЩ飬̫ԡĺүжҾɺүˣжǣΪֹߺλȴΪһֱšԼүҲк޵ġŻᣬ£Ҳĵ˺үĹذʱҪ³裬ҲںԺŲʣһҲֻǼªĺð
÷þòֻǴǰѾͷ
˺þúþãõЦҪε÷żᶨ
ܺãΪڤȷʵбҪЩʲôЦЩĶԣǸѾͷֽӴֵۣǵϢҲ˳һЩ¸Щ
Цĳ˿֣ߵݣǣū澶Щ¶ˡ٣Ϊū澵ǲг·
һֱѻҲֻ챻˲̤ʵγֲڰԼһء
ԺȥʵĺܡֻϣȴһȻģ
˵¹ըףǰˣģȻҪȻػšţңң
һ˻ţ縺ôܻţң
ֵԺһСЦӭǰ
С㡣
СӰɣֿɻãЦŰһСޣأء
ˣѹɤ
С㣬ǰҪĶǰյĽǺҲǸʵˣһЩͰָˡ
۲΢ߵԽСҲ֣ǻĹ򣬱жĵˡƼֿ˵һЩ˻Ӱ˹º󣬱תȥ˵ˡ淢飬СҲ֪˰ա
ףļá
СҲһָǰĶ֮һСָµ˴Ĳĸҩ̵ҪôҪôѧԲ¡
СҲǸģںת󣬱㿪ʼ£ⱻĶСǣһȴҲˡ
Ȼ⸮Щ׵֪ء
⼸ɻã
С㣬ҲٸǰɵЩЩͱÿâţֻԺ󳤴ˣ໥ԱҲܰСæ
ƣ
ͷЦݣ֣ˡ
ֻڿԡ
СѾͷĺü۶Цˡ
ա
ǣ֡
̺Ѿͷӣֽ߶أˡϽֺЩ



ʮ£Ŷӻ

Ц˳ֽӹѾͷݵǰ룬źˣŷŵǰ
ЩȣЩģζ
ЦŽӹѹѾͷཱུģǼĳԣⲻ۵ĹͳԳ
ּЦǺǵЦʵöֻ࣬ŻСԲϲϲ
һߣ̺Ѿͷһۣת
ֽʳ꣬ͭѼ꣬ʼǰһȥԺɢǰ־ϰԡɢһӣʳϾ
⸮ǲ̫ƽˣѾͷ㾡˺һЩ

Ӧڸﲻ̫ƽˡ
£áʹͷ͵
ǺǣǼˣҡֻǰҲˡ
ְ֣š˫ĳۣƻǣȴſ͸̬죡
ѾͷذɡҺ⡣
ֻɢ˻־ȥ
Ͻͷһˡ
Ժ߲Զ㱻ӭȥµһСѾͷ
˴Ĺ
ȡ
СѾͷ۾˶Ųͣǰ
ҹµ˾յһ͵µָ
һصԺ÷ͼѯʡ
µĿкα֣
Ѿͷӻ˵⡣
ΪôͰϻأ÷Ｑ
÷ãЦţһ񣬻ʾ뿪
÷͸ɫµĵǿ˻ûϣ˵ôһȥôû㷴Ӧأ
÷Ｑеĺܡ
ЦһĪҪѰ˼ɣµҪôϲѾͷԣϲȥʵҲǱ
÷ɫҲпܡһ磬ҵڤĺܣȴҲòǿװֵĽת󣬸ǡֵġ
˵žӽסزĵط
Щ꣬Ϊ־һĽۡ
һֿܣǡµĻǰһϲκһλ뽻˵һЦ̾һһĵġ
ˣһϲΣƽ˷ˣ
÷ˮĴ۾˲Ͳ˺ð죬˻
ˣҲߡЧҲ˰աȻϣ£˫鶯ʱӨ˲ɥĺЦ̾λүˣһ¶㼫ɥ
ߵ¶˲߳Ժ˿
Ҫȶһʱء죬뷨ЩΪС߿
ʵܰλƵܹȰ˵ͨΪСˡֻǣУ׾˵ġ˵棬ҲǸүӵӹӦ˺ү룬˴򸮵ļλҪ￴
ͨˣҲֻѰεġ
뵽ЩüʼҪôҵλŴߣһЩĶĲýԸΪСΡ
˼ţͿʼȥҽһЩϢ¹ǴģСģȫϤһ
ȻԱǼ廥ˣҲԽ
棬Ҳв֮һĵط͸ǵԱ
ԵķСǣҪ͸Ժɫ鱨ԱøǮ
ңǮˣҲһܴʵɿϢ
岻һ
Ǹֱ裬ΪԱŶӡ
˶ֻзԼˣƿ򸮵ĺԺվȽŸ
ͨϵͬǵϵΪұΪҷܶ
һҹò׵У״¾ֵһԺӡ
ԺӣƼ߳ƼһЦС㣬أͲ˱Կˡ
ơֿ
ȥǰϴ·Щ
㡣
Ǻǡ
Լ˵¶ࡣСɬϣһֱųֻϲЦݣСǰЩʱΪһѾͷС˴С棬ùӸʰһ١
ںԺһϢ͵ˮҩҪ
ŹԺСҲ̥һʼϷӣͬС˵ҲֻɫֻԹԵư͡
ֽһλĺԺҲվ˽Ÿ
ƿԺŶƼºֵˣǰһ֡
ֺǺЦ̧֣Ͻ»иҽЩʳãһ߶ᣬһ˵¡



ʮ£⸣ų

ȥɲôƽʱ˯ϣʱһԳ¾ɵСӡΰڷŲٵĳʳ֮ġ
ΪūţҪһЩ֮ģҲС
ū˵Щ⡣ЩʱֻҪĺãµĹϵҲǿЩġȻòѿС
ԵԣԼ˽˳µģһЩζġ
ȥ˽ĳʳ±ѰëüΪº͸µʳ
СĵģЩʳּ˴ЩϱһԵġ㣬ΪԼأڿɾţ˵طĴ
һԲģЦļС
С൱Ҳֻð˾͡
ԲԲЦǹϡ
ΪǰģҲŵȥǰﲻپ˵裬Сίֱ
µ˹ػ̵֮£СҲ߳ųӰֻʵ¶ҲＸ˵ϲ
С㣬öϰһЩĵģԵʳǣµġʳĿƵļϸ֪¶󣬱뷨ӴǮû¶ͶϰģԵĲȡ
֣̯֣ССٹ꣬ʳ﷽츳ܶԳſһƬصġƺѾͷʳŷһ츳
ĻϲСҵ֡
ãǶմĹ⣬ڼһЩһС
һӵ˶ЦǺ
Сұͷ񣬡ңұ֤Ҫ̵ʱ䣬ѧõʳøǰ׺ķǮ
С˵ϲšСǰװ۵ģž˻ϲء
ԼһССϷˣС죬Щ֣֣Сҵûζء
ֿŴһɫ֣ˣĪҪٺ֣ǽǵһٿ˽»顣Ҷ£˵飬δҪע
ҲԣԽֻҪ£ĪҪǳ¶˲źá
°ק߰һ𣬡Ī˵¶ˣһӣĸЮβ˵ġǻ£Ҳ֮µ顣ˣ°ɣҲСӵζġ
ûȥģ࿴ˡΪɣΪ˲һС֯ΪӦȡһ֡
ԣӦȡһˡָӦ
ֱӳȡΪɣ룬ԣȡţ
ۡһˡ
Цţý㣬ȡŵˣ˳ȱԡǵ뷨ΪɣΪܳ⡣
ԭǴȤһ仰
ǣüȴһСҡ
С֣ͨ׼򵥻׶ҳƺġ
Сұ佱ЩߣңҾһ˵ģûûš
ЦŲ䣬԰ѰʱǵöѧųԣԣܰѳõУڣҾСӵžͲȻټһ⸣ţٹ
˳һ¡⸣ţţ治ǾôˣǾͽ⸣ţ
⼸͵ˣҲЦӦ¡
ƣء
СӼУһֱ֡
ĪҪ֣ȡԵİաһֱ֣ûøЦ˼ң˵Ǹ
ҲšСţȡԵ֣ͲǸè
С࣬Ƿ
˰ǡ۸ҡ
ͺСԲһЦ
ɣ⸣ˡҳżãҲ˳죬ȻƽʱǾֻԵ顣֯׾ĪҪ߶
Եġ
ȷˡ
ҾƣδĴŷչ
ΪΪɶ
Ϊ˸õĻš
ԣһ֯һ۵㣬оҲࡣ
¹µ©Ŀڷ磬ýһЩĪҪǣǼСǴ󷿣ж
İѰ˼⸮Ҳ˽һ꣬ǰһĸԵʣĺЩլ¶ҲŶ塣
үŷ컣Ϊһֱûӣºүˣ⸮νǷ粨
ֻǴϵġ
ǣȥ⼸岮վ⣬ҲǷ粨ϡ
ĿһҪΪɡ
һɡ
һɣһɡ
һɣмݣͷ


ʮ£㻹С

һλ飬һʱŽ
һλ飬춨˴ҵķּܶҲȷ֡
뿪ֻʣֺѰЩİŵõԷȥСӶǳʱء
־ôҲ˼ҳζ
ǣԶԶģŵһζˡˣ˵ĸıһ飬еüĿء
Ŷսһ㡣۸һλ
۸ġһ飬ǰ󵱸ūŵˡҳŰɣǸ˲ţЩHŲòġ
Цָϵĵ˵
Ŷģģǰ紫һλŵĹ£ΪٹܲһʻشʧܼҵΪ˺ݷͨԭҪģҲǾҵҵüʮ꣬ԲڸΪɨūŵҪ󡣴ˣ󱻰ڣ
ѽӻںԺļ浱ɨūšһŵĹ£˼ʮ꣬׾ͳ˲ʵ¶ﶼô¶ҲԸƣչ飬ƼءĺЩʲµߣҸֶ֮ġ
˵ЩԽѺЩ鶼ӿˣǳүȻһˣʱֻһա
˵ƣ˵ľ
Ȼλүλ³չүȴԺĴѹˡǳȻûĺүˣɺôҲλķˡ֣λˣķζΪô
ЦλȻԺһЩҲֻŶԽɳʲôҲǺүŮ˰ˡûеõү˳νʱλҲֻܲʣȴֲòˡһ̺λ÷˵Щ꣬ҲǱĴļġԴǰүȥ˺󣬲Ҳʵή
ǶƺƿһЩԿƳһЩټϣڳӣ׵ˣĻܶĵλ
ȻԳҪѿ⸮ǵ˺үˣſƼҡλүҲǣܶôЩ꣬ŮҲ۰ﻹŪһңҲ֪Щͼʲô
Щʵǣڴ˼ҵˣʧǰǸֻ֣ܲͼܵˡ
⸮˲˺󣬶˵ӡҲԽĻˡ
ҲõˣûѡŮʹƫѭѭ̵
̸֪Щ˵¶λɨͣҪβܰŪүǰأ
£ȥޣҲүҾãλ˾µܸɣܸžүɽ̵ĶǾͶˡ
İԵͷ
£Ҳȷʵˡ
ϾϺ򸮵ŹµˣԵʶܲȥ
ϸ˽һԱһϸļƻ
Ů΢΢ףȥɣ͵ȥ˳㣬Ҳþүø֮ġ
ҪĽ޵ޡ
һ£ԭĵһ˼
һҪޣǴӴԺ󣬱ҪЯԺô
ѵͷɫԸӿŮã⸮һλӣгϢпܣδ̳λ
üλҲֵλүĸĽɣֻ£һҲѷء
ҡͷЩĪ̫ԡһ̣˭Ҳ֪֡
̧ͷ𾪿ֻǰ֡ȥɣ˵ôһӵĻˣЩȥҲϢ
Ůչ黹̫С˵㡣ȻʴӱǶЩ飬ھͿ͸ġ
Ŀ뿪üšš
ΪֹףΪζλһеľү˿á
ȻǰүҲǣ⸮ӡ
Ϊиô˴ѹţλġ
ˣǸϽѶȥԵ飬Ī̫
⣬Էȥ
յԷʵҲǼġÿߵ񶼻᲻Խţǰү֮ʱ˴ʢǰ
жʢڣжǰܰɡ
طȻһֱռˡңү˵ȴסôԶĵطǰ徲ء
򸮣ԷԶ
ƮƮƵģӰϳӰ£ҲԵ¡żҲһЩզȻһ
ģŵȫƫƫСȴǰš
ƿԷСţһΣһСӰܵǰ
㣬ˣүˡգȫһ˵ҲأһˣһʳҲǾүȥˣСô죿


ʮ£ʱж˭ϧ

һ߬סŻ̲ѵСߣǰˡһ̣Ҳ˺üġ
СߣнڣҲнءסĪ뷨ȥŬȡ
Сһֱֲ̿ǰģڱסԺ
˿ͷ㣬СĲá
ⶮµСܣķᡣǼҵСߣԭԺܿڼŵġȻȴΪıʣúܲΪūš
߰գȥ취
ݣһŵС壬ü֣Ľ޵µĶǣȴȻգȴûһĺˮ
ң촽࣬ա
뷨Ӳа
üתСߣˮĨ壬ȥѰһЩҩƷеա
ҹŴôǲСϾλүǸóģŴѹῴĲš
ǣͨһĴأ
λгүģȻ⸮ͨģȣӦҲǼΪġ
Ѱ˼ţߡ
ѲǮĶ߬
תСľͷԸ
ý㣬Ҷ¡
СסĵطԷ̫Զ
˵ʱ򣬿˵ȥСĿ
һж˼ˣүĵطȥ
үﻹ˼΢ãֻҪû˯£ҲҪһЩ
үүСĴϵķȫ̵Ľȴֲ촽ˣ㿴
˵䣬һصӵݵүǰ
ԭһСѾͷĳү˵ӡ
ˣȥɡԭ⸮ūƲͽڹܵġϣҾһˡ
лүϽлҪ˵ƽʱʱȷʵǳүͽڸƲ
һӣҲ벻λү
ǰѳүҩӺϡ
ѾͷǺģѹֵϲô͵Ѿͷ
ѽүǵأˡ
Ǻǣ⸮ԭû̫Сޣ㳤ϲ죬Ҳͼסˡ
үǰЩʱָǰ̺ŴӴֵĹϵҲǲء˼һͽܡ
үԭĽŲͻȻͣס
˵ϹҪͽܣԵģǵ˼ү˵һ㣬룬£ֻҪԼ䣬ѡӦǺðġ
һ£үǳײȻˡ
ȻΪԼҩС
ȻүȣǾͲ̫̫ˡ
չ飬˼ҽˡ
ҲҰУǵ걻һλ˾ټֻ£Ҳү˼д
ѽѽ
ţȻûָ̺򣬲չֵʱ˼ҿ˵Ժ̫ݵǣЩСæӦܰϡ
⻰ĳүֱǾ
ٿǰѾͷС
ǺǣҾ˵ôôµСѾͷܵõǵϲѾͷүûˡ

۳ſ쵽ԺӣЩΪ飬үʵСˡǡү
ӴүүҲѹɤ
С£˵ܵǸСھүǰ̺˵Žȥ̺ūţǰ̺ˡСҲסء
ɲ꣬˵ķ֣㹻ү²͸
ʡģūŵôô˲ܳ裬ūʱǵõεġʡõģʡģߣȥүԺ
л㡣
Ժֵĸǰ
ү˵Цףүʣǹ񵱹үѧۺ˵ġ
˵ĶͽܣǺˡ
һүǳЦ
ǺǣѾͷĿѽ
ţүһ㣬͵ˡ
뵽ү˺ð죬ҡͷ
벻үӹǣ˵ļ尾
Ŷ˻˵
үüë壬һӡ
үӹǣǲǶھͻᷢģ
үɴ۾󣬲źۼͷǣҪûʮ꣬ܳ˲ɾÿηʱޱȣõģҸůˡ
ů
ĬȻ
һߣС߸ǵüΪүůɡ
ӣĿǰʳõģҩʱ򡭡
Сߣҩڷʳ
ǣ㡣
С߸ϽȻӦСһı֣൱⡣
ĸɫѵСҲࡣ
ãΪŹһλҽõˣһֱҪ֮ĥССͣȴδ˵ĥ
Ҳֻд򣬲˽ֲһжܣжʹ࡭


ʮ£еů

ѳүߺæȥҩ
СæµչĽ޵һ죬滻ҳЩľ˯ȥˡ
ҩãǿĽ޵µҩº󣬺ǿһ۾
ʶȻ̫ѵġ
ߡ

űץסС첲Щա˼£ûŪ
ǵùģˣ˯Űɡ
εһӵ˯
СС壬ڲ
ֻСèƵڻ˰죬ԣ§໥ů˯
һҹĽ޵˯ļȡ
Դ뿪һ˯˵졣
ϵĺ
ס
Ŵ͸Щ¹⣬͵СʱɵɵЦˡ
С۾˯˰䣬ԼαװĹ
ʱеֻƲ۵͡
֣ḧСǲϲ˯ŲŲԴ
ŵĽ޵¸Ͻ֣۾Թߡ
һϰ
һߵˣϽ
뿪Ľ޵²Ÿ۾
СϢСס쿩Цˡ
иСߣоðȫ
ԭȫĸоġ
С߼ҴҽʱĽ޵°Լʰ׵ˡ
Ź㶼׵أ
С߳ɫЩ԰ףǣԺСӣҲٺɵЦ
ţöأס˰ɡǳԵԺһЩûôԭΪֳᷢ⡣
ӣҽ㡭
˵С߸Ͻ졣
Ǻǣ˾ͺã˵ԺҪעʳů⡣治̰̫ء
Ľ޵ףΪСҲҪϧġ
СߣһֱҾԼǶģܾãӾţôνˡڣͻȻãУвٿԼֵĶ
ѽ̫ˣӣʲôҪȥأ
С̫ˡ
Ȼҹֻ΢΢һЦűʣǽ񣬵ðЩֶдá
Ŷһ˵Ҫд֣СЩͷʹԽԽϲүءΪʲôһĶѧļ죬ôء
Էһֱ˼ҪôܰǸ˾ŪԷС
£Գ档⼸йԷ飬ھ֡
ȥҪ˹עš
СԵȥһ¡
һģ͵õһָ
һᵽ⣬ҲĺܡʵǸ̫ˣΪĺãƽʱҼ۸ҲѾͷǮѹԲ
ΪԸʱܾ״Ϊ˸ʱһСߡ
ţһͻĶͻȻȡ
˸ʵü
Ѫʱŵȫ
ģ˭ôù
ų£ȷĵģˣŸϽǰ
쵽˱棬ֻеϢһ
˿ȣⷢǶһطʲôҧˡ
⵹ùߵҲ֪˭Ȼҧģ·磬ҲǸ˹ǡˣǿһɡܻܲţȫԼ컯
չûŷβܡ
һģ԰Ų췴ֵİ࣬΢һ¡
εһֻһСкӡ
Ų㻪ĳ£װܸɾһ壬ҲֵͦǮ
ȲĵطһӡǡԶһѵߡ
ǵùˡ
ͳղصСӣѵ˷Ѫӣϻûõҽۡ
׼ȴԶнŲ
ûҶൢ飬ϽʱǹȻ߳ȥᱻ˷֣ǲɵ·ϻãǺˡ
˼Ͻص˲Զȥ
ŲغãǲصĽŲ㵽ǰ
ǰȥ˶΢Щѹ
͸ķ϶ƼһͲޣӣҲʮһꡣΪǱŵģԳʲôĲܿ
ȥָ˴״̬ꡣ
ʦܡҪҪ
˵һˣŵȫӣֽŲǰйȥ
Ҳҳ꣬һСˣɼƽʱǾӰġ
ʦ֣㲻Ǻôô֨ˣ˵һ㼫õŶ
ʦܣʦܣǰҲԣҲӦʱѹ㣬ҴˣŹʦְɣ㣬ŹҰɣ
Ź㣬̺ʱôû˵Źҡ
ʦܣҵǲӦңʦִˡǣҲûţû㰡ʦܣŹҰɡ
ҪҪŹ㣬һСɡŶ
Цţڵϵ˴˲ٵҩĭٷһХһЫӣϣС֮˴ȥ
Ҫʦܣ㣬ҪŹңŹҡ
ţǣʱһֱЦŵȴͻȻһɴ۾ͿִһСָĵطһĨɫԭǶһֻϸСߣ
죬һ򣬱㿴ҽͦǶ
˵ϵҵˣк³Сӣ±ĹۣСүһЩ
֨֨ͻȻԶһϤ춯ٿűɫ䣬һǰСɡ


ʮ£˽

۾ҧ´Լгȥ
Ǻǣǲƺղ
֨֨֨֨
ͻȻֻӲԶԶҲнŲ֮ģϸ
ϽϽҪһ䣬ûˡ
ǰϽ
꿴һ۵ϵʬ壬һݲһԾֱʧ
ˣˡ
ŷҵļĴԶԶţǸǰ꣬ϵѪ
ȲĵطǱҧĲֱӡ
ûҶ࿴뿪
һ۰ѸȥҲһ۱ʾ
ѾͷҲ̫˰ɣûðĸŪѳԡ
ֱЦԭȥˣԾ·߼ǡǡһ蹷ܳ㶰ŵˤˡҿ·ϴֵġȻˣȴ治Ūࡣǰһڹȥ
һΪӡֻűӻ֡
ˣˣϽȥϴ軻·գ޹ء
Цѽĺóš
̧֣ӭǰĻֱˡϽߣСѾͷƬԽĻء
ȥ˾
Ͻתȥ·Զˣ⻹һ䡣Ͻѽпء
뷿䣬ԡͰ棬ŷȫĿ¡
һۣǸ͸ǰ
ĲҲĿ
ҪҪˡ
֪ܺڰȻǲܿƺ¡
òʰ׵
ˮӳΪԼ
񣬱£˶Ǹħһ
תȥԺʱȴ洫ĻЦƺľǰݷá
׿ǲԸԺţȥߵġ
õģ̡
ߵԺȫ䡣
賿ʱԡģ
С׿ȥתһ¡
Ͻͷûϸֻ꣬Ӧá
ɬһλ׿СС꣬עˡ
̧ͷһ꣬һ򣬵ҲһԭΪЦŰɱ˵꣬һòªǼͨĴڡ
ʵϣ˿ЦеģȻͲ󣬵׿ݹ۸ˣƺûһдӺݻ󣬾Ͷ䣬һ
ѹҲССߺ˵Ͷġ
ǣôЦֿ꣬
ƺǲעĿҲʱб
һʣŵֱϽͷһɬΪӡ
Ȼղղŵɫ΢ףû׿
ɫ΢Уһ

ģĸˡ
ӣһ߰ɡ
﷢ţɱйĽӴ
ǣһתС첲ͱһקס
Цĸ졣
°ͣᱻ˹ƽ졭ȥ
ĵӳϣ˵ҲЩɬЦݣǣȫ䡣
ǿָ߬һĿ׿֡˺ûȻȻĿˣҲΪҳĺÿͶзǷ֮밡ūȻǡѾͷҲġ
ƺû뵽Լһʣᡣ
һֱͦ´
˵Ҷ˼
һѵ˵٬ΪΪǣ֪ĺ֮ġ
׿´ǰѾͷ
СԲཱུģУһ˫۶ĹĵԼС졣СҲֺѰΪѾͷǣҪһЩ
ţĪͺ࣬һЦ㣿С
޵ĥˣҲǷ˼ÿġǶ佱ҺÿҲ˵ҡĲģ˺ûǵϷ˼ңֳ
˵棬ֹһ˫Բ۾ߵţŤˡֻǣ̧֣ȴǽŴ˴ֻϣһαһﲻҪɵĺá
ΪĺãԷ׿岢ûٹ໳ɡȴǣ֣Ҫǰߡ
Ϊ⣬úʱ򣬱ššС
Ȼĺö˶ššţĸϽ
УŮ겻ͬϯģԺô๫
޿̣񱬷ˡҲԼԸİƽʱԷѰ˳ԵĶ࣬ϻǶ̿ˮЩܡܹµʱ򣬸ΪԲƷ٣СӹǶһֱ⡣ҲĴΪʲôҪ
ί


ʮ£Ϊ

ƫƫԽ׿壬˾ԽšһֻСֱ棬ûɹ
ֵûޣһֱǺ۾ӣήٵӣ˶Ĵһķ׿ҲЩ̣󷢴ȱڲšС֣ȴһֱûɿ
繫ӣ㻹ɿְա
һο飬Сٵһ˫۴۶ˮģŵί͸ſ־ĹâСΪʲô
׿뵽СʱԼСӡ
ǻֻҪԼСӾͻ
㡣
תСߵĺС΢ͣŤͷȥĽ޵¾Ƽһ˫ί̺Ĵ۶ʱŵˮһίһ߶
ǿקסС֣ǰߺͮͮŲͣ٣ԭذҲá
׿ڿʱ۾΢΢һ£ڲСС޵Լŵʱǵ۽֡
СѾԺ羰
˵ţȥ°͡񶼶Ӱˣ־һ߶
׿ӣء
ߺ޾һ˵ģˮĴ۾ŭȴҪ۸
ԺҪǶסԺߣȱһ̵ˣ˳ۣ˰ɡ
⻰һ䣬ԶĽ޵µüһš
񣬵
⣬׿ԶǣһѾͷ
ıӣָ뵽濴ĳ
ʱϵλϰԭŹǣȴָһһŹֵХУ˵˱ֳҧ
ʱһĽ޵ȥС߻վһ߶ˡ
ҪҪǳ֡
رԸСߺ;үز֡
ӣǱ߶ں÷ˣǻȥɡ
СŮָ䣬ЩĲ׿ɻءСµĺš
˵ôٿ׿帩Ķѯʡ
еϢϮеǣȴ䡣ǿ򶨣ҧŴӣǸľү
Ŷү
үãһᣬ׿ȴۣ´Ľ޵µ񣬾ڴ
һֱСĿ³
ƺλĽ޵µݡǼɵ෴ģѮе㡭ҪĶһָо˵ǿңǿҵ˲קס׿ˡ
繫ӣ߰ɣū澻ȥ̺㡣
ǿзקס˵Ҫϣ׿ﴽɫɨһĽ޵£ûִ֣תһˡ
ܵעӣͷӭССޱǵ۾ٺڵĶ˰أСˣ൱ջ
죬ҡͷ
ʾǲҪΪ򱧲ƽΪʡһʱǷᣬ־οСƨӣ㻹ǵĺá
СҲǽŵĺܣСһͲ󣬵Ҳĳ㲢̺ˣ̧ͷҪˡ
Ľ޵һѰסҡͷ
ֻǲҪҾͺãģҲֻǲǣҡ
Ǹֹ꣬Ľ޵һθܵ˳ǵĺ⡣
꣬ﱻĥȥʱҲޡ
ߣһθܵеС
Լŭ
ү㡭ǿקˡ
С߲ʵ˵
ǰؽ㣬Ľ޵½ֲš
ɡ
Ľ޵ȳ⡣
Сŷ֣Լ֣һֱڲһƬ
Ȼ̧ͷյŹѷָۣͺСžӷŭ˼㡣
ӡ
߰ɡĽ޵³ɨȥĵķŭһ죬ҪԼ뻤һˡ
ǡʱߵǰȴͻȻת綾߰ζɨĽ޵ȫ£촽
С߽ˣֻǿĶŵٿһʹ̧ͷ㿴үţתԷȥ
Źӣӡ
С߾ס
ȫϣŲЩȵˡ
ղţǸȻû˵
ȻС߾һ뵽ҶӰİͺ¡
һֱЦȴЦݡ
ĽҲƿֻͽǸܵĿ־塣
߰Ѿͷ
ϷʵģƮƮڶһθܵĿ־塣
ô󣬾ǳҵʱҲûô¹
ˣֻһ޾ľС
ֱཱུỮһ¡׿ͻȻЦүҲǺүΨһλӰɣ
Ľ޵鷳ģ
ס֪Źӣ
׿ЦݸʢζķЦŨŹӡ


ڶʮ£˵

ҧȷλүǵһʶĽ޵£෴ģƺǳ
һֱĽ޵¶ֻǸ۵һλʲô˻
ңô꣬Ľ޵¼ûȥ˵һλԲܡ
ô𰸣ֻǺүĽ޵µ
ʵĽ޵µĶһЩ
˻ᣬǵôϢĽ޵Ǳ߶СһЩ
С椣ºܶడô˼ȣϵѽ
ִϷʵһ˱ƿС֡
ӣ϶ǳԷġ
Ѿͷںλӣ
ʳ⻰ʱӵ絶һͶ
ȫ޹飬ŹǸӣһѾͷȻںˡӣѲɣǲԵô
׿ЦۣšһһֱʧүģСѾĺܴ
ɬ״лӿ佱
׿㶣ѾͷǼٵġΪʲôϻ˶ıأ
˵ͻתǰ·ʵʣȴǰͲøϽλү
ûݣﴫĿЦ
ƺ˵ʲôĵ顣
еЦĶǸ˭ģʱƳϵһλ
һֿɵˡ
÷һһλˣȻż򵥣ͷҲֻǱһ򵥵ӣȻȣбһһޡ
ǰǸŮ˻Ρ
ʱһλĲĸˣŸ̾ԭϻĸˡ
㲻üɰĺ촽ƴСȻ÷Ҳ⸮һλ˶һλȣȴǴȣòȣࡣ
һͶ죬үĵغãҲǿԽӿСסġ
÷ƺܸ˵ĵ
ڻЦ޸¡
Сס죬һ׿ˣ뿪ġ죬Ҫͽˡ
ѣѡ
Ҫջ£룬Ǹ˿ƵȻ˹զȻཱུ񣬸סŵЦݳ֡
Сһ
Ϊѣ֪ôһλķۡ
÷ȴȻһЦЦ֡
ϲ㣬Ǿ͹˵
ˡԼס֡
ƺϲֺѾͷȵһ֣־ššС
׿ˣʱֱһʱʹȴҲֻü
ѽģཱུŮްܾŮ޾͵⣬ŲиƫƫŮ̫ˡǽѾͷ˳۶
ǰѾͷʱ򣬾ǳѾͷŸһܸȶϲ⼸߶ȶİա
װϽͷ÷ʮϱס᲻㡣
÷סֻϲγ˽ͣŸ˼ѾͷĵҵģҲô龫
ȴϲ̴ߣһֻӣѾͷ˸ģȥ
һֻӣָ΢м仹һѪ˿ָмΪ
λȲķһֱϵӣհƳһߵ÷ҲǴʧɫƺû뵽˻ˬ󷽡
òɣ㲻ĶһСѾͷܵ𡣡
ֹһѾͷһūѾͷ˶ϵӣֱˡ
ķӦĻհϽˣңܲģ֣ܵס
ǣȴβһƳһ۲Զķ׿壬Ѿͷţ˵ǻԵء
⻰̫Ī׿һֱŵЦݣʱȥ
÷ƺе׹
Ī롭
֧ŶκΣٲ˵ȥλˣƺЩ˸Уֻǰһ׿壬˷ôȥա
áôͳ˼ҵãߡ
÷⻰ٶ񣬾͸Եζˡ
ţȷʵǡе󡣡
÷͸Լƺ˵飬ȻԼģǵòƺФƱĳһˡ
תҪ뿪ɷ׿ȴңԷ

ţԹסӡ
ȻǿˣͲ󣬵չҲУԷ׿Էһ·䡣
÷ű˵ġ
ÿЩĪҪȥ顣÷Ȱ˵ɱȴʱҧгݣѽʹᣬ˰ˣնŵ÷ȴɫ䣬֣̺ˡ


ڶʮһ£֮

ãЩ鶼ȥˡ
ֻǣ˲ûֹסˣѹĨһ󣬲̾˿ڣһ׿
԰㻹׿÷ɵɵӦλ΢ףķˣǿޣҲ޵ļһֻ֣һˣݣֻһ˲Ůô
λԼʱύһλˣֳףȻ֪˭Ҳ̫ࡣ±ʰ飬һ˵ЩԵ飬Űմ
һھ￪ҽݣʱҲ׿ˣҿǺӵԽгϢء
ǺǣѽһֱУԵıȽϾͨˣҲˣֻҪıá
ᵽӣΡ
Ī̫ࡣ÷Ͻο
ݣǰ־µĳʳ˿־塣
ܾôҲðοԼһ
ôһ룬ǰĸ෹ʳһҲ
ѰСѾͷģΪ˱ζʵԵҲһС
ǳӵģҲֻһƽ롣ⷽûнƣڼﶼǱѽ˵ģӳ꣬û
һʳŲûһЩ˯áȻôһཱུ
棬еЩķ׿壬ǰһֻһֱͷԣһ룬룬ǰĲˣһ̡̣̣
Ŭɨ̵ʱ򣬷׿Ѿɵ۶
ԷƽʱΪ¶ѾͷԵǴӶ࣬Ժöʱ򣬿ƳԵļţʵȴǼġ
ҧŲˣһģһһʡ
СƵģһ°ʳȥһ͵¡
СѾͷԭͳİ֣ü۾¡
ôͷţоһֻС׿ζԽԽŨѾͷе˼ƺԽԽȥӡ
տʼʱֻǾѾͷҲֺԵģûӿɰţԽء
һǰϲһӾ
ȥ󣬲ź֪ʶôԡ
̧ͷӽǺںڵ۾ЩԻ󣬳ëţȴڲסĻҡ
СˣһЩա
׿ְһƺ
ǸᰡͺݺҧһƬ⣬ŷһʡ
ߣһ￴Ц͡ʹԣóԵŻźá
ôһ룬ٳĺܡ
ѾͷֲԼֻųˣ׿Ҳҡͷ
ô̰ԣѹֳö⡣
гö⣬Ϊʲô³ĻûһءһҲϱ
һλĿܳȴһֱȢϱ͵͵ֺǡ
ŲѾͷųü䣬׿ɫ΢䡣
յϽһڷˣӣء
СүȥЪ졣
ǰһĸӵסͰڿԺΪһ򸮣Ժ᷿Ǵ֮أǶһŵᣬסŲٺ򸮵ʳ͵ȵȡ
ƽʱЩҲ԰ȥΪͻСԻЩʳͼ档
һ·СѾͷͼ𣬲кĽǸġ
үүá
ĵƺˣԽԽء
廹ûоء

෴ģߵķ׿Ȼ࿡ϴŵЦݣȴû˸ǰ˵
ԭ·Ҳ鷳飬ʱô⡣
ףָ
һָкԺſͶڷ׿ָϡ
ʱ䣬·ֹһ
Ͻȥ׿壬ȴƼϵЦݸˡ
š
ԭͳļġ
ʱ΢΢һߣֳſȻҲٵ£ȴǱߵ亹ˡ
ȵ׿뿪ˣŸϽɵɵĸϡ
ЩɣСӾȻʹ˷Źһλ̧ͷĴһЦ绨һݣ֪ΪΣǾĺܡ
뿪󣬲ٵſȴ˽
СС꣬Ͳȴľ߳˷緶ǹƣ뵽˺ү
ԣһᣬһãӵգүеһȡСС;ӵƣһָȲ֮ˡ
ѧ٣Ҫ彡֮ˡ
ӶԼŲձ֮Ĵڣ޷ƾٵġԣ弲ˣΪ֮ˣҲͨΪ
ѷ׿Ժ󣬴Ӳûǿ˿ת뿪
һ죬׿ıֶƽƽġ
ǰȻżҲᱻšһ
Ϊ̺Ҳڷ׿С÷һһŴ̺ŵġ
ϳԵ̫࣬ҹѣĳŽDתʱȴ˲Զ΢


ڶʮ£Һȹ


ⰵƵ񱶶֡׳׳ӣԴȥ
ǰ谵ĵƹ⣬һȫѪ˵ѪУϣϸСͷ䶯š
ۡ
ŵתӡ
ȴײһᶨĻ
̧ͷ˫⣬񲻶ϲ
ҡ
ңǰģ
Ѹʣȴͷңҡ
׿廳ˡ
ԭһֱڻ
ʶһ㣬̱ȥ
°;ʹĵطס
ڶȦ
Ϊʲôأô绨̰Сһ̲Ѫˮϧ
亹ವصģ׿ЦڵԵª֣һ߬ԽԽ죬ˣͻȻúޣúޣôûƾʲô˵ոոˡ
Īһֺ̧ݺһצӵֱϡ
ܺã
ȥֱѪ̱ڵأתȻȥ
ϵЩ©커Ǻһʬ壡
ŹԼˡ
֪пײ˽ʱ򣬻Ź
һ̣úòʵ
η紵˺һžֽ˵
תҲٽԺ˯һͷǴһڳ˵ҲᱻƷġ
˼תԼסСԺܡ
Խ԰ʱǰӭһŲ
㡭
Ľ޵¡һŵʱԵ˿
˯̤ʵ㡣
˵꣬С޵ĳëɨɨ
¡Բԭҵķǳ
һöӡ
˵䣬Ľ޵°һöӴ֣һץסС֣ôô䣿
ʹʺ񺱼û֡£̫䡣
ǣƽʱůůģ϶鷢
Ľ޵µͺ𣬡ǲ׽Ū㣬ˣ
֣ңչ˺ԼС
˵꣬ͷҲظϽСԺȥ
Ľ޵¿ĨϸӰֱš
;ýϲ̤ʵ˯űܳղСֲֹǱ䣬͸Щĺ⡣
Сһһᱣ㣬䡣ССֹɫ𲻶
Զˣһöӣҧ
Ӻ𣬻ŵеҩζ
ҹеĽҲƽ
һ̫ˣȻɱ˲գ۵ħںүҲ°ôԵĵҶǡ׻ˡ
͸ˣպޣղûлԭСԺ۷ȥ׿Ժҹ
ƿǵСԺȴԶһ΢춯
Ѿͷһ
ħû˯
߹ȥӣЩ˯˰ա
ҳԵ㶫
ԺСԲǰһţζ
棬ôܵţ⣿
Ժƣʵзġ㲻ٵſϿһЩ¾ƵĲˣҲ˶зݡ׿嵽ǻļأǰߣ͵ųʳ
Щʳȡ˾ǡ
ĵĻȻ˲ˣߺͳ棬һЩҹ򣬿ϧСߺĽ޵¶Ṧ˽̵һȭţһЩôһ룬ĸӻȡ
⸮еӣһסģĽ޵ݵӡ
ֻ˴͵ķ

ǣ
ӾƣѾͷүŹ㣬ҲҺһ
ǣǾƣ
ˣֻǹӾƣһ£һ¹ٶҪ׿ƺܲá
Ͻ«һڡ
ĹӾƣһѵζζһӾͰˡ
ٱź«һڣһţ⣬˲Ǹɱ˲գ۵ħ
ȻԶĵѾͷģģȻСѾͷžƣ⣬׿屾ģҲĪ
ףûأ
һֱԺȣҲ˵«ûˣЩźͷ׿塣
Ȼ˵ӾûʲôȻôһ«ȥʵҲεġʱžСֶ̧µģҪҪӣķ׿Цˡ
Ҫ
šȻҪǽԼצӲ̧˼黫ĺܣı֮ġ
һ滰˵
Ҫҡ
˵꣬Ѹײڶ֮ƣһѾ׿ĺ«
๾һ࣬Ŷ˴ɵӣˣҺȹˡûٺҺȹġ
׿忴Ѿͷκ۾һһƿԼǺཱུСŸˣóˡۺۺСֱ̲ס־šš
߼ǰ޹ˣ߰



ڶʮ£򸮳

ȵκֻҡź«ҵˡ
׿û˵ȵģҺȹء
׿һֱĬţͿȾƳ⡣л׿屧ߣԺӡ
˷ϣ׿Ҳһ߶СС塣
Ѿͷ˵ǲأСʱΪҵָͱøҲ˿࡭
˵棬ȴѾͷͷ˯Ŀˮˡ
ȵĺгܵĽëӣĺӡ
׿ҡͷͻȻû˵ȴҲû֣ͰԵţһ˯š
ڶʶۡ
ŹǷת˺üתеѹ
С첲СȶҲȥߣֵ˵űӣЩԵ
ವ˫ϷʵСӦ
ôڡ׿ķ档
һֱѾͷ𴲵Ĺ̵ˣȴ俇չ
ź«ƶúȣ

۾ת˺üתе㷴Ӧ˵ʲô
ƣҺȾˣ
찡֪࣬ˣҪҪһ뵽ǿţʵϸĽ̵Żˡ
´ֵСѾŲڵϣܾСš
ʶǰˣͺӣܲܡȥһ£
СȴֵС椶׿ͻȻת
ֱſ򣬲ûȥ
ӣҲֻ죬Ͻ´ҵЬϡ
һ̶ܳȥŻͷһ䡣
ȥΪ᷹ˡ
СĽ
ҹȾˣ繫һֱչ㣬㼫
ǺǡĨΪһʱɱĶħչˣжô
ĺи
СĽĺܣҲֻǴź߹Ӧȥ
̷׿극ʰյ̳ʱȴλ޶˵ıˡ
߲û飬һվںɻϣ紵ɫȴԵĸǰͻΡ
ֻһĲӰȴ˿ƲʼۡŮˣʺϵģĪڱƷɡ
ģ˻ɫǳǳˮȴ˶ģһεŵģǱ˶Ļ̡
Ƽʱ΢΢ﴽͷ·»աһ˲䣬иܵ뿪ʢ
С椣
Ŷˡ
㶣˵ʱһɵϮ
ԭһˡ
ˡ
ǳǳһЦɨ֡ŮңʵҪ̫źãѾͷཱུģ˾ͳԣ˾˯á
һãλȻĶడ
ĦԴϣ͸Զ
÷ҲʱƼÿ÷ڤӵʱ򣬱Դϣȴ˼һˡ
ˣһϲ˶˳ۣҲء
˵ͷССٺȳƣ۾ľ͸ϵǳһˮС촽ž˾üóԵġȻСȴҲƳպɳضһС˶
̾ššСѾͷ㲻
ǺǡɵЦװ
һ˻ʾȥ
תҲƵԶˣ˻ԭһɬЦʧӰһʹ
Сȭͷ߬߬ɫٶ
ԺУйڱ˵ǰһٶȸֳ
һƺһֱľھɾҲүѰá
ΣΪֻһС檣ڱ幫ʱʲôҲǿԿ϶ǣˣʵүйϵġ
ǰΪһͽӣ˵ͨС檵ĵ·
⸮̺ڤӣҲమ
ǻ޳ԺΪԼԳö
꣬ɫˣι˵һγ͸󣬱͸˾ǳı̬ӡ
ˣǿԽõġȻһµĶӣҲȷʵĵƣ޾ǵĸʥ֡
뵽Ҫ˵ĴȣպǱ̬ӳɳ󣬻˿ѹһҲֻϣ˵ĳ֣ҪתһҲҪٱӳҡһ뵽Ӹֱ̬淨ڣߡȫһλ淨һ˿Գܵģ£ʱҲȷʵ氮
ֻǣŻصԺӦݼٵȴƽʱֵԺ䣬Ҳ徲ĺܣѰʱԺôҲкüˡ
ˣ


ڶʮ£

תƼԺһƬȫۣѾͷǾסĵط
ֻдѾͷ֮ģܾסӵƫԺеķ䡣ܻ쵽ĴѾͷˣһ֮УҲ̫ġ
̫ˣƽʱʦүҲģȥ
ɲôǵǰʦүþƵʱ򣬻Ҵкء
ת˾ûˣôңǡžͲ˵ѽȾҲܺȵһأɼ˻ǵüһЩġ
⼸˵ۣϽչţ֣˵ʲô
ӶɫҰףһҡͷ
ôţ⸮¡Ǹſʦүѽ
ˣôģ
ôģǺȶˣҹȥ㣬֪ľˤںӵ߶öϻԼ֮ҧӴ˵ء
ȫ䡣
ȥʱԼֻǺ汻׿һָźȾƣԾһСզȻһϢֻѣת

ͷૡ
Ǹ˳ˣԶ
ʱ׶Σѹڳɳ󣬻˵ĺݶھӡ
һҪԶǸħ뵽һ˾ġ
Ǿүϣܺðɡ
뵽ǰһľүǰ̾
һľүºɳҲһЩâκΣôˣͲǶ֣Լʱ򡭡顣
ǵãԼҪʱԼдȻҲȹҲֻ˲䣬㻯Ϊʹܵһһʵүһǣľү̫΢ˣҪЩӣþүɳôһ룬ּᶨ˿ؾү뷨
ſүº󣬸޼һЩΪүԼȾƵںߣﻹһЩļң޼ҵҲ˵ɶֻݲˣ֮¡
ڽֳ˼顣
һǴǱ߶һλһֱúүҵʧˡ
жԺҲ˱ҧˡ
£ú򸮵ٴУǱ߶Ъ˹Ͳûȫ˸Ƹ顣źת£챻Ժĸ˽æС
ԭҪ͸©һЩѸϢģȴµķһЩԵ˽顣
󷿣ķ巿ûһǸɾġ
һδĸִż䣬˽̰û
ͬҲҲзô飬һ㱨ȥǴ˰죬ĵ췹Ҳûԣֻϸүүүȥ򸮣Ҫ¶ˡ
ΪԺﱻҧҲ˼ɣʱ䣬¶ڻжүֲϲӣ൱ѹ֡
ѹֺܿͱȡ棬²ǱģǸ˶ŵĺүԺ顣үʧٵλóﱻҵˡֻǣҵʱˡһͳԲ·
ʱףȫиϲһĺۼΪֵʱ򶼳ˣҲҧ䡣
ݿݣҹһֱŶΣԲ·
һϢǰһЩ鶼һúүҵûˡ
˵ԺҲ¡
һʵһͬѽ
ֻ̾һö鶼˱仯ڣǸ̬뿪˸ɲ֪ΪΣ׿뿪˺򸮣Ǿã⸮ļ׮飬¶׿йء
ĶӣСͼˣһڣߵ˾Ųס
׿һвᣬūŵСӣʵҲͦġһ죬Ҳѣ¾ϴ˽·ʱƼȨϾһйں򸮹µıֻ»䶯ġ
£ǿô򵥡ΪһֱƼңǿζСѾͷ
ΪΣѾͷʡ
ڹ۲鷽棬չףԣܻǷΪʲôԭ
ǿΪΣһΪʲô
֣ҾãһڱġУǶүһֱţáˣ˵ҲңһԷ򸾣νѵĴڣԻڷĳ谮ҲͿˡҲ


ڶʮ£СѾͷĿ

һ£˵ҾãϷҪΪԼ谮ӣүšϾүڻС
۾΢ȴɫԣֻͷ¡
ѾͷοΪģ壬ƶܳ裬ȴû̵ƼȨңǵʧڣɰһ˾ƺүҲӦõôΪΣƼҵĴ÷ʲȴڶһأҪ֪֮ķ巿Ҳ˲ٵġɵĿǰΪֹȻǶȵ˾Ľݸ
üһ˼ԼĴ
֣Ҿðɣ£һѾͷ˵Ķܳ谮йϵҲΪڵȨԽԽȹйءǰ˵˵Ҳ̫һӡξ˾м˾ж˵ˡԺյһ壬ڱˣҲԸ˰ɡ
ѵͷΪǶ˵ں֧
ǵģ֡
ȴҡͷҲͬҿ˵ȨСȻ˻λ̱ã˵ڻʹġңЩܺ˵ǰһСӡ»ӵĺҲ˵ϻĴ˰աΪεΪֹŬ֮࣬ȻûеõƼȨ棬»ڴģֻöƼңյĸȴҪԼ۰ϲŶԡ
ѿͶԣҲЦüΪΣ㶨ҪΪֻǱ÷һҿأ
֮ԻΪֻͽΪŵġֻΪĿǰΪֹĴڡȻһЩҽҩҲǳ齵͡
ƫǸԴ׵ˣûѾͷкҲ
Ƕķ˻ᣬԲӦôүĵڶ޳Դﵽ̳мҵĵ
϶ҡͷ
⸮ǰʱıˣǾãΪ÷￴Ů˲ģǺǣɵˣзţ÷ǵ澫ϸѡһҲѾͷ͵үǰġȻ븮һֱǡ˵ʲôأЩЩ飬һҪϵĽɲɵģ÷һ˱ˣ塭Ҳ²ⲻˡ
𾪣΢΢ͷѾͷССͣǰһЩЩۼ͸Ƕˣȷʵ÷ǹϵõĴڣ˵ǽ֮ģ÷ﵱϾģ໥õĹϵˡһ÷ˣ»леĿܡΪУأˣƫƫﻹˣ棬ƲȻδûǱ߶ֻû֮ǰҲ֪ǲͿ˻ܲӲ֪ˡ
ɫ΢̾˿֣Ժĸ桭׶Ľ
ɵѾͷЩ飬ǲǶϤôЩԺ˽¶ǰҲ̹һѾͷԣºֲ̥ˡҲ²⣬ǡҲˡʱ򣬶һУȻϷ⣬ҲֻǸ˼ҿһԺĹˡ
˶һۣ˴˶ļɵ⸮˼ɻģǸЦУѷǵġڣ
ѼƲ⸮һӦ飬ʱ򣬼ˣҲڵƼ̣ʱȴǸԼĶǸĵǲѡ
޵⸮Ҳвʱ䣬ǰͶүҲͶϡɾˣ˲꣬ҲֻһಡĶӡ
Ժռ壬Ƽҷˣȴ÷污Щ
ˣǽµĸ񵥣ڵ˵ĸš
ơ
ƼҵϱǼġ©ü
˴кһʣһѵĲڴιǮ֮ˣ
ҼǵѮ֮ʱŲɹ˵ĶôҪã
һģô񵥶

󣬼˾ãԼĶЩۡǣǿΪаȨȥˣֻ£ʱҪջǧѡǸ壬һֱԼƼұԣҷɰңҲû˵¶ء
طˣЩ˵Ҫõģһôġ
ضˣ黭ǶүҲӦ˵ģ˵ֵͬģֵǡ
ⳤС㣬һֱŵģ˵ģܹܲܲˣдɡǿʲôģŲˣȻҲˡ
ɫУ˵Ķ۵ĸˡ


ڶʮ£Ķ

ǿԳţһһλǰ
ˣ˿ūү֪ô£ҶҪү֮һ߸͸Ҳϲܱ˿۵ġ
˵ãôҵĸɫҵõĿɲΪǷĺˣֻǰһϽ֮ģͽлͣ
죬챻ķš󣬶֮ºθ鷳ǣһŭ̥չǶˡҲʱȫ˶֪˻ˡŴºһ£ŻϲԺˣȥĹܼҶϱ
ǰһҪ۹ȣֻºӱס
ҹڣжүһһٵȰ˵֮£˲ŲòѴȨ·Ÿ巿
ȻҲȫֻǰѺЩת巿
㶼ӵˣҪڣһˣҲǸģҿȥɡ
һ߶ڲ࣬ڴԣǸϽǰӻ
ɩĪҪҿҵʱҲĸѧιܼҵġɩԵ߾ȫŷֵġ
һȰ΢ЩˣòΪ϶Ŀ֦ɢҶһٵӣԺҲΪ·ˡ
һ뵽үߵЩӣĻͬġǾĸ׵ĺͼҲһƼˡ
һжúö
ô̥Ӧ˳ģ˭Ҳ뵽ʱΨһĶӲȻȥѧʱǵһֱղˡ
˼ģ̥ˡ
ƫƫѩϼ˪Ҳʹһغ
ĴѼûŪ
棬һʱѪ꣬Σ
벻»ˡ
º¾Ƨʱ̾
Ǻǣ⸮Ǻι⾰Цŷʡ·˷ּ˵
ôţһΪҲò˵ĸģԼժһɶΪҪԼŲҵҸͷѶٶȷƼ֮λǡңöԽã⸮ֻſĲŶԡ
ͷ˵⸮ҪɵģҪһλڡǵԱҲװ嵽ڵԺɼǶɣֲ˵ĴڡһˣǴ𣬾õŻᣬú÷չһԺ˼ʹϵźá˰治Ǻء
ףˣλүʦү飬зˣ
ü£еΪ
뷨ء
ҪһūţԭҲǸ򵥵顣ǣڣˣڱ˵˶ˡ
Ź£һǼܸɵˣ˲ţ̫ɵӵģҲһ㡣
Դ£ûж֮ǰҪǺ͸ý֪Ǳ߶ɲǺġ
ţ£ܵǶȥ߶СߣҲںʲôġ
ʵ¶ȥҲǴպϿ԰ġ
Ҳֻþң⸮ūݡ
ͬΪūţңһɨصġԣ˫߽Ҳǿеġ
˼ţڶ죬ȥ
ҲѧһЩɫʱҪģȥź塣
СԭͳֺҲԶԶһţүүүүкöء
εƽһļȵѹ֡
Ǳ˸鷳³©òϺү
ֽ񣬱˽ְΪūţﵱɨصūʾͽ䡣
Ҫ˵ѹҲ治ܡԺࡣ
ǼСѾͷģǾģܻû¶ЩóԵģߺ
үү㿴ҿɸ˺öŶ
˷һֻҰεƽСѾͷŵʳľЦ
Сģںүү˰ɡ
үүѵͲôһҽүүƧһЩҲŲţ
ϺΪشƧѰʱ
ԴʱʳЩԵĳʳ
СԲģҪȫ˵ˡ
ϺδȤ
ͣһ˫Ӳӵ۾ί
үүִȤ˼ˣҲ˿ɺã
Ϻ԰ϽЦŲˣһСҲҪ


ڶʮ£С

үүҸ˵˵İɣСǸˣǰ´Ӵ룬ҲǸϻ۵˶ڴ˲С˼ƣǽһҪȻҲСʶİ
СͷӴϺοôС˵ģЦ
ϣĶ
ǰҲѧүүĶ
Ϻˣ˵ǸĹ£ǣ徭ҽ飬Ҳ漰ġ
꣬ΪϺүˣڵٳ־󣬱תͶ˺򸮡ԭҪڸﵱǵʦүġ
ǵϺξ־ߣ࿴һɹµְ
ǰЩ꣬һֱļáϧһһ
ϺүȥԺˣﻹ⵱ء
ΪıȨϺξʹƷ
ԭ⸮ҲġϺȴԸʹ˹ȥֻԺɨ꣬ʱ뿪ò˵أּѧʶˣֵ˾˶
ˣҲĹע뵽ҪĽ޵¡
үүѾͷȻҲѧġ˾˵ĺãѧЩԲ˿ѽѾͷʲô඼ܳԣɾǲԸԿء
СƵĿСԲһҧļࡣƫƫСѾͷеӤʣôҧںڵͫӿ˼ϲ
Ϻĸ֣ϣȴҲһ
ţԺүүҪѾͷʦˣΪѾͷԿôҲö̰
á
һҲС߹
С߿Ϻξͼ׽һһС¾￪ʼѧֱ
ȥ
үȻֻһªӣҲһСʱҲһЩԵġ
񼸸ȻҲ⸮Ҫ˳ʳҲǲ׵ġ
ǳʱСﶼԡ
ССĹһһæŰѲ˵ˮ漷ˣߦƤ
ֽߦŽƤҲĽĽ
£զôܸҲǺóԵģɾͰƤߦĲá
ҴСͰЩģɣĶ࣬Ȼͻˡ
˵⣬ЩίҲһѧߦƤòáɵΪֹҲֻߦһЩôԲƤ£ߦԲʶȵĺܡ
ߦĲãǰԪл߶¿û취ȵء
ȵʼˣ¾ĽΪˣҲǼĵġ
Ľ޵ʱ򣬾ƼСߣӣЩСԪ
үҲû뵽λСӽ
Ľ޵°֣ùңǰЩߡ
˸Ķ²ѹɤͷֵͷ˽ӡִŵСѾͷǺں۾Ľ޵ﴽ
Сѧô棬Ҳ˲źء
ʵûбĽ޵´󡣵ŮӾңҪҪԸһЩڿţǱĽ޵ԴЩ
ңʱչСţҲͰһýһĴڡ
ΪԸ⾪ϿεĺүСߣ˵ҲСࡣ
Ľ޵ҲԷſЩ䵽ǰҲһ
̧ͷײС޺ں棬ԭͳļƯ۾ʱɢ޷ܾϣâ
û̬¾ͿܲˣɣɣһҲҽ㡣
µλүǿĺܡڵ֪ÿ»Ҫʱ;ãһС߻Ҫĺӡ
һ𡭡
Ľ޵º۾ٿһ˲䣬ε񶼻ɣͷûСӵ۾ԭôӣ۾Ҳ˵ء
ôһ˫ʪ۾ţŲŲƨɶա
Сһһ֣žͲŰһ£㣬Сѧ
үĸ糣ûޣǸӣȴҪѾͷƬѧȡ
㣬ǰҶԳƾүġǣһܲܲҪоүϵĻš
һϵĻţ¿ЦȷʵСģСģôһү֪Ļء
ҲǣҲãǰЩʵҪôϸġ
ûһۣѾͷûԭ
лл½㣬½չˡĽ޵ԭͳľ£һ˫۾ƯִǰʱΪĥӡС߶һ⸣ŵչǣС߶Խĺˡ



ڶʮ£үճ

Ľ޵£ԴʼʳүĵҩǾ˵ٱԽĺáһСѾͷǿҲϲѣοƯСļһСүǰĺܡ
۵ĽЦûϹЦ
Щ糣С½㶼ϲأСҲܿɰĺôأС߳ˡûгɼҲĬǼСġ
Ű㿴ţ
Ľ޵³һ񣬿ֻĽӣûн̵Լ˼
ʵһƤʼ
ʵɣֻҪѧѧǼѧġ
ǰһĲôС߻ţүûҰĺء
һС߾Цˡ
Ľ޵һ̬õĽӣٳԼģСͺðŲʺߺߡã԰һա
СԶֱҡͷ⺢׵ܵܰΪ˵Сԡ
ٿĽ޵°ĽʱҲòԸ糣⺢Ӱɶƺһѧͻᰡɼʱܵĥˣ˵ȴûĥġ
㣬СɻáĽ޵Դ϶꣬׽ĽҲûʲô׵ġ
һۣ϶ͷţҲ׵ġ
СҲʰԼĽӵݵǰС㿴ҵģСҲĲġ
Сֻ꣬Ľ޵»ҪСһġ
ûСžͺܴĿ佱һ䡣С㻹Сѧˡ
գգۣһ߶⼸СȤһͶ󣬿ΪʲôҪСһء
εƽС΢ϸҡͷ
ʵɣСһҲǴĳ˼һү
ڸү¶治ٹܡ
λүǺүĴڡ
˵үУֻоŹӲĵӡ
ԵģڤЩҲӰˡ
⼸ҲֻνƽĶӡ
һݣλŹء
ǣ⸮ȴûһ˰ӶԴѾͷĶҲСˡ
ںεƽĿҲεĺܡ
飬ҲֻˡڣСڸڶ顣
εƽ˰ɣүеɼǶū֮ģѧԸָһ
Ŀǰֻ¾Źʱ벻˺ۡС߿ԸѧԺǿСһѧϰſɺã
ϸϸ˵¶Ľ޵вԸġʵֻҪһԵҲûɶҪ
ĿҪˣºСȥæ¯ӣСߴߴһҪôԺȷ
߶Ľ޵ȴԥ
㣬ԡСԺԵôңС׼һЩʳһ⣬мͷңҲѧһЩ
̧ͷտڵӽüɫԭ򡣡
Ľ޵ЩɥΪʲôľͲزסһأСĺһ֪û˵ꡣ
ЩɨˣǴͷԭ˵˳
ʵҲûġǡҼǵ죬Ӧҵġ
ɫ΢ͣ״ʰӡţ죬
㣬С߿ɺã
Ľ޵ѹɤЩ
̧ͷɨ
Ǹ½㡭ܻ¶ģǰˡ
ðɣԭġ
Żͷ
Ҳգ
СǣŮҲеʾġ
ǣĽ޵үȴûһ˼ס
ɼӣǲùĺܡ
˼ţĻЩ͡
תһ뷹мר͵ǰСһƣлл㡭
Ǹмӣֱ¸ۣ⺢ӾǸû۵Ӵ
ǣ˶ûƼǣĽ޵´ͷһҸ֪ЦݡҲ֪ˣ㡭ʵǱǿģСߵġ
ӻżһЩл˾;ζĶҲĪڴˡ
СߺĽ޵ºȵƲΪθںã˶
ǼȣҲСķֹ⡣
һֻ˺ԭҪһȴǿ
ͷ
һֻССҰӣǱ˳Եļζ


ڶʮ£һҪ

εƽ⼸ԵŨζСǣҲǸ̾
ĺ򸮴Ժ˴УҲǲ׵ġ
εƽǿǰ¾Ͳˡ
Сֲźεƽһ߶ȥΡ
־СѾῴˣѧʫ
Ľ޵ԭҪһɺεƽƺ̫⣬ת뿪
վǽǣԺʫΡ
Զʰ׵³үȴֻվǽΣҲǸӵĺܡ
ֹ
⸮ǼŮһ˵ҲмµĿѧҵŹӣȴֻܼūŵһЩζ
ᰴ֣ʵˣūţӡˡ
򵥵һ仰ȴüԣǡʵǡ
𿴾үǲǣǻĲõūţһļҵġ
ǰЩʱλϱΪƲסȥһԼϱǸﵱ˵ˡ㱻µźݺһͨº˾ڴ齣ȫŧ˵ǰЩʱȥʱ򣬾һϯӰӳȥ
ûôͬģںλԻϽġ
侲˵š¶
ǣҪ뼸ѾͷȥԵ顣
һŲٻɣɼĽ޵ǰ룬ȷʵΪ¶ġ
뵽Ľ޵ԼʱĽС⣬Ҳƽ˼ᡣ
ɫСֺõӣǡܵĽ
ôѰ˼ţţһɡ
ʲôźأ
Ŵ齱߶ĲôĽӣһŽӰɡ
ǵãʱ˴ڵϣһŸɾĽӡǣϴĳ̶ȣ
ôһѰ˼ţǽ
󣬻˴ĸ۶Դϡ
֮ԴΪǰ˼ҵˡ
ûֵǮĶҲֻȡ档
ʰ׵Ѱ˼ţȥ棬ʱ򻨵СǮһЩʳȥ
Ϊū澣ֻҪǮһЩʳģҲǿԵġ
һٸͭǮһЩ򵥵ʳģһϣԷȥ
ķЩ䣬ɢٵҶżƮǰԷеĿҶԺȻ澰ɫưܣǣڿŴſεĻϲСʱûɵľЦˡ
һβ㣬Եʳġ
һΪȡ
ۣð
СȻܳԴ⣬ǣЩǿԳԵġ
Ľ޵£Ȼʱĥʵϣ廹ǸСҪԺһЩ
Ҳһ
Ľ޵ǰҪһȴҡͷ
ףǹҿգСʫӽһ
á
С˷Ӧ󣬱ǣĽ޵µһԺȥ
ͣദȴֵܵˣʼʰͲ
ӻڶһŶٻԵСһҲŵֱ̿ˮ
Ĳ㡣СűӲĺܡ
Ľ޵һţΪġ
СգգۣǣҲҪ԰
մҵĹ⡣Ľ޵
Сʹ֣ԭֻմүĹءΪʲô㲻Ϊء
ҵӣСߣҵ˺óԵģһǲǰ
á
С˷ˡ
үһ仰ȻбҪѽ
ˣСʱСÿϴ裬ǽŴ·ġǲҲҪһ
ԴûôܹءղŵķˣǽΪүġ
СߣҲҪΪСһЩһ鰡
һ룬С߾ͿЦٿĽ޵ʱСظֱֱͦġ
СĽ޵΢ݡ
ȣС߰뵽úη㣿
Сߵ⼫ˡ
СΪ˳ԵġҾѰ˼ɣСһΪСϴ谡С߿ϲýϴˡ

Ľ޵ˡ
Сߡ
ҲС˰ɣôϴ裡
СͦظҾϲϴүôأΪֹҲûܹСϴƨɵĸɡ
СԼϴƨɡ
Ľ޵žͺ
ֻãƺ̫׵ء
ûҵСߣĽ޵¼顣
棬ȴԽšСҲԼϴ裬ǲǡϲСĸоֻһ룬Ľ޵¾˷ܵ۾Ź⣬ٿݡ


ʮ£СԷ

һСǵᣬֻһףǣĽ޵ȴĵһꡣ
СʱģͲټǵá
ҲСĻ
ЩʱֵжȹɳֱܻȫҲûԺ˺¾
꣬㣬Сһ
ˣʵļ򵥡
ֻһӣԼһùͷ档ЩȫΪ׼ءһ뵽Ľ޵¾ͻϲ룬һһߦĲ̫ϸ
ͣߦϸ棬ʵѼס
ϣôóԵ棬гʱ
һҲĽ޵ºȸɾյʱ̧ͷӭСߺЦԼ㸴ӵ
ҡĽ޵߾󣬱ֵ̫ˣһүӦеľֹءڨڨҪǸʱȴ
Ȼֹү⣬Ҳ˵ˣһһ̫ݵҪ㡣
ػ֣ƽ͵˶
⻰СҲЦ
һûɢȥʱǼһֱһĵĹ涨
ֵܽùʱ򣬵ͻῇһΣ۾Ц˵һ̫ݵҪ
ڣҲү˵ԭһǴڵС߾úÿģףϲ
㣬ϴ衣һ־Ľ㣬С߸Ͻ㣬ҾǺþûܹϴζԡ
˵ţСĿǰǴ󵨽нϰˡֽںү棬ǸĲ˿ڰ
ûˣһĽ޵£СɵɵģӦҲɡ
ϴ裬Ҫ󣿡
ҡͷԲС߷Ŀ󣬿Ľ޵£أô
Ľ޵°಻סĵ˷ܣԭһҪء
۰ͰͿԼСߣСȻС˵ϴǲ磬ͰҺС߶ɵܵܣΪǡϴһɡңöûб̺ϴˡ
һĻԭҪܾΪĽ޵ϴ˵ǣǸ˻
ȣǰ
ϳɵյˣҡͷҲգǵԸɣֻˡ
СߺСš棬С˵ֻСꡣ
ǣΪ⺢ǰһֱܴ죬оϣĽ޵¾͸С߲ࡣһʵСһС
Ŷܱ̺ϴζඡ
С˷ܼˡ
ϲΪԼ࣬ˮˣЩ飬ȻܸүǣСߺΡҲֻʱ򣬲ܸо㻹һڼܰо
СߵĻɣ⣬ԣĽ޵ҲҪ̺ϴ˵Ҳû롣
СƨӾܵһ
Ժɢ˻ʳ֮ſʼˮΪС׼ϴ
ԴСԺȻûǰЩѾͷС֮ģС߻㣬ܻÿ£Ľ޵µһЩ쵽СԺ
Ӧе̿вн֮࣬Ǳ߶мġ
ǰĽ޵֮Իᱻչ˵ĲãЩṵ̄ûȥ
С߷̣л⸣ŵ˹šȻһЩ˿ˣҲû취ӡ
ԣЩԷҲеġ
ټԷǰү˵Ժ
ʱȻʮ˴ܹˣ̶ڵġ
ţǵʰһЩӳСߺĽ޵һס
ײɾˣҲҸͷùȥ
ôѰ˼ţ컹ǵʰӡһֱݴܣ¶
õģСҸ˴Ҳð
֪ôģ뵽÷
÷չСţأҲеġ
Ҫ֪÷ҲǼ˼Լڤӵġ
ϧڤڱͮš
ⳤҲҵĺܡ
Ǻү˳˳Լˡ
ǳҲеڶֳܳ˳¶ª¼һ׮һġо˾ǷˮһȻô²⡣λǰ⸮ס˼ıĸӣλλĹӣʵǶڵĵطк³λҲ֪ô͵˶ӣǰ³
ڳүȢĵǸ˵ҽãңΪүһŮҲڰŵҵֶŮһֱǳء


ʮһ£С㣬һΪ㸺

гŮ
ŮŮ˵ʮһˣﵽҲչ˵ļΪ׵ΨĽ޵ڣ˵ǺүԸ⿴ǿƺү˵һֱԷġ
Ľ޵¸ǾԲܵġ
ϾҲĽ޵һȥүǰһԣԵŵ׵Ľ޵¸÷ʱ÷ĹաʵҲδɵİ
ϧ£ϸףҪȻ¶Ҫ˻¶
˼ƻˡżƻţˮҲ͵ˡ
ˮҨС˷ܵİ·׼á
һ߶Ľ޵Ҳ׼׵Լ·
վǶһڴɬ
ôҴ󣬱֪ɬˣҲǺЦ
ˮǴͰ浹ټһͰװ˶û⣬ˣǶȥա
Ҫϴඡ
С߻һϽȥĽ޵µ·үСүҪ̺㡣
Сһ̫żһͰĽ޵µ̿۸һ
ǰӹнȥ̺žү
С໼һתӹƨɵ˴ԡͰӡ
ΪĽ޵½⿪СӹǶ˴ȥա
Сһסǰ棬סСƨɵɬͷĪҪҪ۶ġ
۶ɶİ
ȻƽʱСƨӵĻҲ־Сƨɡ
ƽʱһֱˣȴԼСƨɵһʱ䣬Ľ޵Ҳɵˡ
εһָԡͰȵĸϽȥҪһء
СһϽӦúãҾͽȥء
˵꣬ӰͰ
Сƨɵһ
ʵĶСƨ޻Ǻϲġ
ΪǰǷСϴ贩ʲôģСŵƨɵоϣҲǰСڼһ
ˮСһæš
СַԴϣţץţȻˮۣĽ޵»Ǿú
ԭСֿô
СĶҲô
ӵļƲסغ߳
һʴǣ񰡵Ŀ
С㡭Ҫͣ
á
ǲǼ
Сߺݺݵͷһ˫۾ˮ޹ˮٵġֺóԡ
־ϼᶨҲŸС޴ӵʱСС˼͵˼ѡ
ָͣ˼ҵϵʱеãСȴǲ֪һֻӲӵĴ۾С첲һһģżɬƳһС㣬㣬
ԺͶΪϴˡ
СްС첲СȶĲ£һЩһɨá
Ķ
һʱ䣬ĸˡ
СͱչţСŮذмӡ
׵ȻҲæɶ׹ŮҲǰĲС
С۹ˣΪһʣȴҲֻܾڸ鸮ﵽҲû̫Ŀԡ
СС˶Լչ˵һҸΪ˼ҵԺоȻ
С첲ҪһЩͺˣ㻹̫ˣСҲǣôݰ
źСһϵţ񷢺ޣһҪֺġ
Сȴַϣģġ
Сĵı֤ˡǺһЦûֶ˼Сһѡ
Űͦİţָиǲ
Ժ󶨻ԣΪһЩġСϲˣҪŬ⡣
ǣ̫⣬Ҳÿģ˳Ȼɡ°СС·ϣϽ
Сɬͷëɨɨ
Ҹ꼸СƨɾͿˡ
һᣬС޸ˡ
ѽҪСƨɰûԥתԡͰԵһ˷ܰС¶
С㣬ɡ
ۣСŻСô
С޵СָǾûġ
Ҳ֪Ľ޵ôġ
СͱŰţһϸƤģȴ⻬˲֡
ݣšš
źߡ
Сޱšĺߺ߳
Ҳ˼ˣĸоĺúŶ
ֳû˳ѣվĨɾ
ɾˬʣֳĸСɶһСޣǸӴķģࣵľ͸һ¡
ԭͱС̺ļСޣСһࣶһʱ㶵Ķɵ۶ͷɨɨԺһ㸺ģ
㸺𣿸ɶ𣿡
ͷߣСԽԽСɴ۾ȡ㣬ҪҸΰɣ


ʮ£ȢС

СĴ۾Ŀί죬ģֻȢġ
һԺ󣬲ŹЦ
ţһ£ͱҪҸ𰡣
찡࣬û뷨ء
С㣬֪ŮӵڴһУģ˵
СС͵ץһٱ֤
Сֵ
ֱС޹۾ˮˣֹЦ
ֹ˹С޵ıӡ
ֻȢһ𣿡
ǿЦʵСôĳȢϱͷ
ţֻȢһ
С޲˼ӣǲˡ
ŶǣеˣҪܶϱѲɣС޵²룿
Ľ޵ҡͷ룬ָ˵ԽԽʵҲΪ˼صµġΪʲô˼̾˵ү̫С檣ײġֻ˵ʵѽںԼ˵ŮˣԸһء磬ҲԸ⿴ԼŮˣ§ڻŪһҲģԲȢˡ
ϵЦȥͷ̾˿
⺢ӵ飬ӵĺܡ
ӿɽҲϧչ鲻һ·ϵˣһѾͷһóĺүӡ
ݲóΣչӣūţūšһݾǲԽĺ蹵
ү⻰ʵûмŮԸһԼˡֻǡļ壬ݣԺٲ˴С檵顭
򸮵үӣҲм֮ͨġ
СС޶̫ѽ
ҲҪֻҪ㣬Ժֻһɺã
СųģЩſ
ϣһСѲģ
±㿇úȢңʵһҲҪ˾ŵĽݸŹӵݣǣ㱻۸ʱһһ߶Ǹ˷Ź㣿
С޵ɴۣ٣ѿٵʡ
Ǻ˼
ʵڲٴͻȻ˸С
ˣԺٸ˵ʲôȢȢģûЦȥ˼ЩȢϱϡССӣֻ֪ȢϱǻᱻЦġҪģ⸮ȥΣֻ߳ҪǿϱȻˡ
Ľ޵۾֣ǲǱǿԸ⵱ϱˣ
ͷЩ˸Уǿģɡ
һǿġ
һ仰û˵ֻĬĬԼǿΨбǿ󣬲ʸ˵ϱ
ܣҪůļ˯
ţֻ뿿˯ѡ
Сһеһ־򣺱ǿģΪڷ絲ꡣ
ϲǣʼǲԸ⵱Ľ޵µʦүġ
һ̵СߵʱһĿһʱˡ
Ը񣬶ϲĲ²⣬˵ɣһ˭˵ģ
εƽ䶢ǰСͯ
ƽľƭˣ֮ԻŽ̵СߣҲǿ飬ңҲɣϣҲԸչһСߵƷԲãοҪ̵ء
εƽţСס
ǡġ
ŶεƽԳԾ
ղһʫ䣬ȰƵġʱһ£ֻС߻ȥ˼𰸡
ҵĴ𰸣ǿһĸ͸ǻؼȥ
ǣӵĴȴ˵׵㣬档
Թӵ˼ǣǼӱһǿǵǿָһ·棬ƾԼǮõġֱӵһӲ˻ҪһЩ
εƽСߣƽȴκˡ
Źӡ꼸ꣿ
ѯʡ
ӽꡣ
ǡ
Ű꣬뵽Щ⺢ӵ츳
ƽʱʦѣ
СͷҡͷûУӺܿġȥ֮ǰǱ۸ǹµĿӵŹ߶ˣЩܸһЩĸǣͱɵ˱ԺŹӲܳԵԺһЩ˯Ҳûٱ۸ˡ
Լˣ˿͸¶һӵ״
Сߵùʵͦġ
ûۣ˸۸ȻӣȴűūŲ
Ȼūݣнţнүż£˵ĵ
ԵõҲ͹һģһԱȣС߾ԽãԼүǿ˺öö࡭ͬߵסεƽѹүĿ


ʮ£ǽ

˵ŹӣҲû̵ô
ǰΪϲԵҲû˸ȥ̵Ĺӣϸ֣Ǹѧء
˵СȥεƽСĵĶεƽһӾ
һˣĿγ̾ͳ鵽ǽ¿Ρ
СȻ
İ
˵ĶԣҪúвŸɵ˿һЩϣǰ;С
Ǹİ˼ƾʲôҪķȥ̵ء
ҹѭһ͵ģбʱС
ҽ͸¶һЩ˵һ£˼䣬һҪ˵ӵʱ򣬾ʹңҪ˵¿Ρ
ԴСĲء
㣬ҪúȥӸͺˣһӾ
ü飬Ըˣʱıһ
Ľ޵һõвܵʦүǱġ
ʦүǸѡ
ϧҪշʦүģĽ޵ʾĲܣԼ׿Զ֮ġ
ô˼ţüҪβúʦүԸĽ޵µ߹һĴڡʵõģҪĽ޵⸮Щ֮С
ֻ㣬ȴ˹עܰȫš
ת˵¡
£ʵ򵥵ģ񰡣үλƽ˾ӢŮȻֻһģĿǰΪֹҲûз޵ıչ˵ǺүˡүϥµЩŮҲλ˾Ӣ˵︧أ⣬ҲǼעһˡ
˵Ѿʹס˵
ȴȻˣŶȻעȫҪ븮ʱٽþŹ¶һһ²֮ģλΪͻݵôҲöԾŹԺһЩȻõģҪλǰһЩ磬΢һ־ŹӣЩ֮ġ
ѺЦοͷ
СŮһ͸
֣˵Ҳ˵ԵҪᵽ˵Ժﵱء
ͷţǰЩʱ򵱲ʱҲ֪ôͱˡ°ţҲй̵ġ
ǣ֣ãͲڿⷿǣ֣ء
һֱҲġ
ܱɵ˵ԺﵱӵӣԺסλӡ
һȥ˵˵Ƣ̫ãǰüӶˡԺҲһʱؼ㣬ɵö˼¶ǣһʮ¶С߻ңָء
֣صͷ֪
ٹ۲ţ⸮λֵ÷ְɡиֵǸѡǿԿǵġڴ֮ǰǶԾŹӺһЩ˰ϵģʱãһͲС
⻰ȻģݺݵͷӦ£ĸŮ˵һŷȥ
һεƽϿʱС˵ԼĿεƽ̫⣬֧ء
ŹӵʱˣҲĹǲԵģ˵ΪӦТ˳һζ˳ӣʧңģֻ֪ТȡġСӦ̵ɹȴ˵˷ȡ
εƽûȥֻǰ飬ȴСߵĻ
һСȻˡ
ӵ˼ֱָĲ㣬һСҲ̡ǻǲģǾ͸⻹ס
ʲô
εƽ
СȴǾȲѣΪ˴𰸶ݵĺεƽɻѡ
ƺܾ𰸰
Ҳûʲô̫ѽ
С߻ȥա
صԺС߰Լ˵Ĵ𰸽˳
˵Ҳֻ֣ǰ˵Ĵ˵һ£ȴشķӦ
Ľ޵³һ̧ͷСߣʱǲǺʹࣿ
ԣеʹӡС߻ش
ţֻ˵ΪТΪ˴£˲СĴۡҲֻƶϳΪλۣȴҵ˿õ·Ҳвٵ۰ա
СߴҹӣӣƾƲأ
Ľ޵΢΢һЦС߰Щԣ˼۲Էġ
ԼСƶϣС߻Ǻܻɵġ
ȻתС˵ʱĬˡ
˺һ̾
С߰óϵĶԴСӡ

С߲⣬Сһ壬ǰҲСӵİ˼ҳϵĶٳˡ
ζСԴϡ
⸮Ҹ˵˵ǻ۽ṫĸĪٹӲɡ


ʮ£ǰ޿

С뿪СƵ̾˿
ǰ˽εƽʱҲдһЩ
εƽһʼ·ġ
֮ԻߵһʵҲΪˣҪȡֻΪй⡣Ϊ˹ȡЩǰ׵ĵöˡ
εƽײȡ˹󣬲ŵ֪Լĵñ˵ġ
ĸ̫ŵﰲŵĻ°ٰ㲻˳ԺһǮ󣬴ӴĴ̡
ˡԼϲһȴҲΥҪߵ˵˵ȥεƽģڵﻹǼԹ޵ġ֮ǵı䲻ǵ뷨Ծųѡӱܡ
ʱεƽһվڴǰԺ滹Ľ޵˵Ĵ𰸡
ʵڵһһεıԼԸ顣ڣ ΪҪ飬ֵܽǸ鷢ֻҪ֪һʱ򣬾ͳǿֹڱǸءԸؼҼˣʵҲǷŲµġ
ÿ죬ʹǣңԹ״̬С
벻Һεƽ˴뱲ӣȴһСס
ϣүһƣһЩ¾ƲϺΡ
Ͻ˿ʹ󣬵ȴǸĴڡ
⸮Ͻͺεƽ󣬵ԽԽãϵеĸϸǶһ
öʱ Ͻеʱ򣬾ͻһ̸£Ҫôһ¹Ž֮ġ
һƣһϯ̸ܻð졣
ϺһӣʮˣȴԼһССӰ
ǺǣһֱûôѹүϺεۣҲʱЩ£ĸ񣬸㽯үûʱ򣿡
ү۾Ǻǣʱ򣬶йٵʱ򡭡
Ŷµ׷䣬ֺǺЦŶƱ
ǺҲһ֮ŰϧЩ
⻰ҿɲΣǸõݡֻˡ
⵽ǣ˵ǵĳԼǺӣʱҲҪָһֻǡݣв㰡
ϺŽү⻰۾һ
⻰ôе˼
̫ˣҴľǾǺӿϧѽ˵⸮ҲкüˣһСϻ۵ءһõͷԣȴָ˶ĥѣҲǱƽ⺢ӣûкõֻ¾ʹںԺˣʲôء
˵꣬ү̾˿
ϺĽ޵εľأÿֻСߴԼĿΣҲȻĺܡ
̾ԼСʱ;ѣٹӣȻҲκȴĲ繷
һëרŵѾͷ̺ţһ˵иСˣøϽȥ
Ľ޵ΪһӣȻҲûһȥСߺСѾͷǮȥ۵Ĵ򡭡
뵽⣬εƽҲûɶȾˡ
˵ɣЩãҲǺ£룬ĥԼҪʲôҪôȥ
⻰ܣϧһŰ
үЦ˾ơ
Ҫ˵ɣСҲǻĺӣǡûİͷӣС˲ű˷ѣǶµĻŰ
кζµĻŵġȥ˾ǡҪˣȥ̱ǣģеѪûУ
ֻ뵽⸮һ̯¶治ٱǣ
үЦ˵˵ȥ㻹һųĴڣ뱲ӣᣬԥġΪ㻹ܻء
˵زϺҲըˡ
㣬ͷӸϽٿ㡣
үȴǺǺһţ⡣
ҾͲˣţζϽɱţһͷţҲİɡ
˵Ľ޵µ飬ȴͻȻ䳶ţϺƽߣϽߣٲ뿴㡣
˵ټľǣţⱻϲİĵϺѲɾĲ
ǣүȴΡȻֻϷʳ
Ϻס˼ǣ
ү΢΢ͷɳ²֡
Ϻ۾ٿһ
Щա
һ齫Ҫϸȥ˼ҵūţ϶ڹҰɡ
ǣүȴһɨǰϷʣ֮ࡣ
Ը⣬ģѧ䡣˫ȫĽ̵ȵͷ֮գǰ޿
ǰ޿
ǰ޿

үһ仰ħһһֱϺεл֮ȥ


ʮ£ھ

үʱԼĸļһ
𡭡꣬СĻ򡭡
ͷϣȴҹϺػȭ
ˣΪԼҲΪҼҹﲩһѣĳء
ݺݱۡ
ţǰүūˡ
㣬ٵүСӵūţкβɵء
ǳ£СӶ͹Ůһļǰ;
ңнүôܸɵһ𸨵ƾĽ޵µĲܣǺھͲܳء
ֻҪ뵽Ľ޵ֻһҵԺпܱǴɹͳЦ
ӢԼСһ顣
ʶö棬ǧǴ
춼Ǻɫ𣿡
Ӣ˴ȰСԴϣҲǰɫѽööɫأԷȥ濴ȥ
ðԽôϲһ档СԼ˼Ӣ˵ͷãǾͰ⼸һϡ
лл
ʫѧĲȥһ߶ҽɡ
õġ
Сʥ뿪ӢЦתֻߵ
ȵʱڣüļһȥɡ
ǣˡӸϽӦǣţҲǷ˵ƣҪһˣдЩŮȥѽ
ӢŵЦǰûᰡŸүĶŮǶһЩְɡ
ǸԷһλ
ӢϵЦȥЩáϵҲûʾ
Ҳǲ߶ˣôûͷû˵Էλ
ָϽ΢
˿ǵū˵ǰܻ˵£飬ūɲǣǰЩʱ˵мȥһūѧ֡ԷһλҲȥˣԼмִ˺üΪѵ⡣λūٲū˵ºҲһ˵λмֲʶ
˵СĳһӢˣûзŭٽ˵
Ŷл˵ȫ˵˰ɡ
ӢĩɫҴ˶ƽʱΪľӶࡣƫСᵽԷһλԼбĻ
˰λԷչҲƵķƫƫүЩ˼Խ˵Ϊ㣬ôҲӦԺ˵λˡ
Ӣı
һֱĵʹ
Ȼ׵ˣҲֻ˾ڶŮеһݵλҲԣҪȻôڵү޵ʱ̧븮ֻһƽ޵ġ
ԭΪԷһλȥ꣬ôҲֵˣƫƫүЩֲֻᡣ
߰ˣ˵λöţӴҲԽĻ
֣˵ҶԺүѵֻ֣ܲӲܽҵǺãеŮһûһõģһλ
һᵽЩ¶˾ӢѹĨᡣ
ӸϽȰ˵
ҵķٹһޣҿءҪ˵ɣү뷨ȷʵ͸ֻҪûˣǾζǻлᡣҪ˵ԷһλƲó裬Ҳڵ˴¶ʵġ˭ܿүﰡһֱԷһλġҪȻôôһֱأ
Ǳˣ˽үԷһλĸ顣
Ϊүеүһ˾Ӣ˵˵о
ƺүǰ˺ʧʵģҲΪ̫
һԶɰķ򸾣սһ𲢼սġ
ҲΪȥʱ򣬺ү˲ٵ죬Ϊº󣬺ү˴Щʱүѹİɡ
˰ھв֪¶үЩ˶м䣬ΨԷһλϲʵģһλŮĺӰ˵֪ĶλãԺο
˾ӢɫЩѿ
ӿ̾˿
˰Ҳ֪ǲʣһλȥôˣһֱʢ費˥ռźүλáүǶǣĸʱ鰮ˣٵϵģǿŮʱӶࡣЩΪŮٳ⸮һСӦںүҲŲʵģ治֪˰ѪġǺүˣôöǰλ鲻أҲλˡֻҪģܲ㣿



ʮ£ӵ

˵õģԷһλЩ꣬ǲô˵һ˶Ʋˣкֵǣҵģ෴ģǷʱһѣƾĴϻۣʱͶұ¹ԺүûˣһλΪӣһҲǺµĲǣ
˾ӢЩԥҾ¡һүˣʱǰһλתǷԼ
͵ʴ׵飬ЩһȰĳ˵ļӣܹ˵ġ
Ҫ˵ɣȷʵӦġ˿һλôģȫϣҲͲȥġﻹвٻ༣֮ģмĹʣǺүչǸҪӵأôЩֻ꣬ˣŮҲͻȴٲԸģûôģ
˾ӢһôģǺү⸮ѹ¡
ͬĵԷһλҲѹȻŮΣһλͻǸӵĸףǸ̵һǸ˶ܲˣԺүԸҵĺ÷ˣôʶ͸ء
˾ӢɫЩΡ
ʵҲʶ͸ֻĻǲˡ
үľֻǰүˣڿҲЩĸˡ
ʵҲģҪúүġ
νĴϹͷŽԷģһҪѽֻԷһѡǷƤӵ£˳ɳΪһġЩЩ¶ǵ÷Ƥ棬ܸ˷ĵġ
ò˵˵ļԡǣ飬˾ӢҲйǵġֻһ䣬ȴǺһ
£ɣҪΣٿһ
ҲԹԱ첻ᡣ
ȻӰ̾
ĴʹСѾͷɶһֱü̾Щôˡ
ҡͷ
ǰЩʱ˵ǾŹӵ¶ҲүʵҪһˡô겻Ųʣһһү֪ºҾӢǰһйͣᱻ˷ϰ
Ŷ
ɶֻͣƽʱʵģһҲ黫˶ӷ߼£רŽ̵ҲΪԼʱЩʲô⺢Ӳǻ˵һ
ң⺢ҲȷʵǸܵס͵ġΪȥԺﵱˣӻԸ߶
ү˰ô飬ţǸĺݵѽ׵ӽ쵶ӳûٸɡǰүˣ˭֪ô¶
ӵĻɶĲѣСĻǰĪʾĵ𾪡Ҫ񵽵ףһЩĺáƵˣʵģִ֮ˡ
Ҫ˵ԷһλȷʵǸóģôó裬Ҳǵѽ˼ҵϵѪǲɸıʵүôϲǺҲѽһֱܲˣֻ£Ǳ߶һͺý
תɶ˵
԰ŹңôҪһףȴһֱֻеү˵Ӱ죬ģҲбɡ
үĲʣ˲Ը̽ӡ
Ȼ˵ģүչҲ³úЩ꣬ڰ
棬ԾүԹһˣھһء
ϧ飬ǰŹӣشתѽ
ת˵¡
ȴҡͷ
Щ꣬˥ءһ֦Ҳͳںү󣬽ֳһɱ˰º󣬸ü˱ǣҲְڶû𸴡ȻǸﻹλСӣ˵СҲǣҲֻܡŰ
ü²ŵóۣҲ˵Щ꣬˲žŹӣҲǲŻһӡΪԼҲܹ˲ˣ
԰һٳĽˣͻȻֳ̫ĳţ꽫ĴӣλСӢˬ˶үгŵǸˣ˵С潫ʶľѡ˭뵽һˣȴԼ׽ˡ
ᵽЩ£Ҳ̾
죬֣Ҿô£תġ飬ҽȥһҾүһ
ƣȴ΢˼Լȥ뷨ӣý
ףΪˣΪԼ㣡



ʮ£

ֺĽ޵¶ڶʫһЩΪһĺͯʫһԼļ⣬ò˵ȷʵ츳ġ
ؼ˵ĵܰѺȾΪοСԽԽء
Ŵ滹ڶСޣᲢûǰϡ
ƺܵСעӣĽ޵¶С࣬ٿ̧ͷ貵Сﴽ񡭡
ţչʫء
ʹ죬ҲѧöƽʱѧĶһᵽѧģС޵۾͸ˡ
Ǻ˵šš
ţԽгء
ϲô
СĽ޵»ǰ˴գ̽С֡
ʵʱС㶼ġֻһ˲ҿ
ݣעԼҪϣŹ㿴ơ
Ľ޵µͷ֪СҪĺǿҪȻĵ·֪ôء
ˣҡʵ˵ģҲδǲ㡣֪ڵرĲãǻһһ֮ģͻǰ̽㡭
˵ţҲû͸ֻСһԼȥ
ãĽ޵˵ЦȥҲŵͷ
֪أҵˣģһУԵȥֻǣҪȥ⣬һ㣬ֻҪ뿴ŵ֧ˡ
ݣ˵үȴֱȲūš
Ҫ˵ūŰɣֶŸүӵš
ܰõġЦеģȴĽ޵ֱͦ˱
׵ġһ᳣ԺһȺˡ
ȱݵ⣬ҪģǾ˿˶ôֵģϲͬߡǸģǱ΢ˡ֪ĲѵһЩͬʾˣȴĸáҲðպöȡ
Сӣѵٶ㼸䡣
ʵǣķСһ𣬼Ȼѡ˷ְɡ
һһ죬ںүˣڵλôҪȥūҲ׾١
ˣôʵѡء
ȨƣᶨҪĽ޵µ뷨ȻҲжȵģڡһ㵽ãദȻȻͷչ顣ҪȻҲ쿇ദ
ָһҺ;һ߶Ľ޵¡
СԼȥǶˣСԵģִСնСȻСǻ˵ҲʤڣżгԵĸȥ
ǿŵ˶ԼʮģźӶе˼ңĵԭҲûôӲ
С߿ɰҲϤģ˵Լҹô۸أ˵˹ôȴϸֶҲôϡ
Ϊūţ˵һٿĽ޵ʱǰȻͬ
ȴִˣңڱ⵱ūŵĻ磬ö˵ľȻһֽͬĶ
ԣһڣС߳󣬾ŹӿľվԶͰͶСߵӣǱҶӿˡ
ŹӣɣҲ䣬ǾŹӲůء
Ҷˣͦӵģ˲ҲǮ
Ľ޵¿ĵԼСūţͬӴಿǡ
Ľ޵ߺûӦȴҶȥ˿ŵԺ
ȻֻһֻҪŲ֨Ҳ֪˭ڡ
ʼǿصҶӺͳ廹ڵģ˹ʱλŹӻ֨ʱֵǵūŵĲ˵ǣλӴڴ˴ֻǰǱ飬һֱһֱ
ѧĺӣ˵˶Ͳѡ
Ǹ˵ɫģ¾ͳûʱĽ޵һ̸
һ̸־ŹȻСн֮ģԼ̸һ
ҪģλС߶ҵóȤĻһ˴ֻԶ졣
һ壬ҶӶϲĽ޵ºСȥҴ
ΪģλСүڣǵʱҲ򷢵ԿһЩ
ϾǿţʱҲѰĲǣ
ϤСҪٳţɾˡ
˼ңһ˵ū͸ĽţǱҪӵǼеġĽ޵СĳţѰʱд˴ŵġǸ⣬д˴ųء
һ죬¶ӽϵĸʱĽ޵ʵ¶Լĺġ
ѽкܶ𣿻иֳԵģ



ʮ£

¶ӺҶӿС޸ɾͻȻúĻš
ôСһӰΪүӣȴΪֹûгŶɽСǣҲкö౻Žȥˡ
Ҷ壬ҪпգҸүȥתתɡ
ҶӴ죬ûӦʵǣӳŶһиɶ¶ΰҪģһԵūǿͨȥ˭֪˻ôš
Сߣ飬ݵͷҶǡҪȥҲֻ㻯ĳªһЩıһſɳСȻ˿˿εˣ
ҶӺͳ¶һ԰ǲȥǣҲСߺ;үݳȥνݣ޷ǾװͨСӵģ
Ǻڶ쵱СһͨС·ʱ˶һЦ
Сߴչߴ
¿ҶƽʱĺܡĸζӴˡЩС·Ϊء˵ʱһЩ˼ҲҪģϴɾˣ׼ؼҸ˵ġˣҶ廹˵û
Ľ޵Щ·չտһЦ߰ɣǻóȥ
Ҳȥء˰꣬ȴʶ硭
Ҳ֪Ǹʲô簡
С߳ĺǻϲ
գգۡ
ӣһȥܻŶ
Ŷ
·Ľ޵£ŵĵطȥ
СȥӴһкСһǣ֣һܡ
תһ֡
̰һ¿ɶģĽ޵ȫǾ档
ӣ㿴Ⱥø߰Ǹأ㿴ɶ
С߿ԶƤЦһοһʱûϳӣֻҲ
Ҳ֪ӻ᲻һķ
ҪЦСߣ࿇ŹĨ˵СĶĽ޵¡
һӺ󣬡ⲻ
ôģ
С߲ˣҪקסϸʡ
ȻһϸֺᷢĶ䲻һ¿Ľ޵ɨһһû˵ǣȻңǾͶ⡣
СѽԹԣ㻹ķֳأȷʵӡ˼˵ǣȥ֪ˡоˣֵܷġ
Ŀ飬ɼٵչǼٵġ
Ľ޵šüתٹע
Źӣ㿴˭أ
ǡʱԶһֽɡСԶСһǳɫ廨·һǰ۾Цӯӯˡ
Źӡ
㣡
Ľ޵⼫ˣһγѽȻһͬ
С߾ͲңҪҳһ֣ ²˹ǮԾͳ档
Ľ޵Ϊ˵˷ܣƳһۣ߻ŴЦȥְɡҳĵһι֡һι֣ĺܺá
ţһȥһ£˵Ƕвٵĳʳ
˵Ż̧ͷգųŵʱ컹еСϸ꣬ţŴ˰ɡǲء
Ľ޵¸Ͻֽӹɡ߰ɣҶȲȥˡ
СϽקŹӣǮ칤ǮٹһʲôԵӴ
СһЦӣĽ޵³ĽëСߺĶءжǮأһµĹǮûжء
ȣСߣ㲻ҳԶҿǿٸǮķΧڡ
Ҫ˵ĹǮȷʵǲࡣ
ūţܸٲֵĹǮǲġ
֮ģɾҪ˺öࡣ
һͳҲٸǮ
һγٸǮҲȷʵϧСѵóһΡ
ۺöడٸǮöණӴ
Сᵽ˷ܵ۾Ź⣬Ľ޵ҲſǣǮѽ
㣬ҽİɣ͡
ɻֱСһִٲ֣ššСһҸһǮоͻûоˡ
ԭСүӹʵͦصءˣܶһ浱Ȼõġ
뵽ǰǸط壬ɫ΢䡣ȻӾκһֱƣˣõһһҪúýѵһء
ЩˣöడףǰҪģӲȥġ
Ľ޵ڶһСлҪǮС߸Ͻǰקߡ
ҲһֱƣĪǾ˺ܿ
Ľ޵һǸһۣҡͷ
ֻưģʵϣġ
㿴ˣС߶λˣ˵ĺܿ϶ֳһ۲ԶλѪȵ꣬ѽһԥҪҪһͭǮء
ȤλĹү˵ģЩԿף⵽Ҳ⡣ϾС棬ŵ꣬ȴһ߹һŮˡ
һλƾʲô˽⣡
ʵҲǸ滭ְʵѪŻȻǰģһЩԵȾȻôЧء
Ľ޵ֻǼ򵥴˵αװȴһ
˼˵ˡαװ֣



ʮ£˳

ǸְɣǸ֣ôῴأĽ޵µ񶨣ȴΪ
뵽ǰʱ򣬾ǳһữױĸ֡ܰѳ˻ױ˶
ңܸݸ˵Ҫױɲһֻ͡ǣºǸط£ΪҪͽᾩү˳ȥ
Ȼǵ˵ĳ࣬ǼǵǸһּƯֵˣ˼а
֣ܺҲЩģԱ
뵽תǰڵͦʬȥ
ˡ
˵棬ʱʱĵһöͭǮ
ȴǶо˵ȡ
ִһ£˵ȽӲаЦˡ
λС㣬кãˣʹ
ϣŵʹ˻ȭͷҲյĽģƺʹࡣǣȴȷˣνɢŧҺȣĻˣ棬ǽһЩ֪ȡĶĵĶ
ղŴȲĵطǶӦ˿ڣƫƫȴȱ
С磬˼ôأһ㣬ΪҷؼҰɡ
ЦĻۣЦ۵׵Ĵۣŵһ¡ͺһί
Сߣǰ˷ȥ
һ߶С߻ɵɵ㶵ģ׽ҪʲôûжʣкʱǰҪˡҲȥ˵ʱ˭Ľ޵ȴǰһѼסǡ˲꣬ߣǷȥ
ʰȴ˲ԶĽ䡣
ǶһĺӣһƬԶмǻӪ߹
һЦӣȥ
̫ˣô˻۸ϻҪҪ氡
˼аװټװȫ۵
ŵٿɴ۾㡭ƵĽЦݵѾͷô֪
֣вԼһҲ֪ΪΣ³Լ
뵽׵Ľаȥ˾ǣɾĪҪ͸¶˼ˡҵ˼ҵˣҲһȫԼ˰ɡ
˼գ⾩֮ԭϡ٣һ࣬ûд˼աڣС֪ģ
ķӦ˿̤ЬٴȫѹԭϹèײӵ¶뻹ײϡ
˼ˣ
Զϸݺѯʡ
֪ںδ
˼аϲʤ־壬Ҳ׷ʡ
֪Լ뷨ӽүǡ
ȻᣬǾ߰ɡ
⻰Ҳ˷ӦΣֱкСߺĽ޵һ뿪
˽ܹһڷ˼аǼСôˣûд
˼аηһţ磬ûأǼСһﱻҼ仰ˡ
Сӱƭҡ
˽꣬ĵ˻Ρ
˼аޣȴһ΢ӡүСѾͷƬǺүˣҪҵ˼ҵˣԺҪүȥ
˽ߣջѡš
СӸʵһЩ⾩棬װһ㣬ҪܰԼװļӣҲء
˵ţֻŵӣʾ˼аȥĵطƭǮ
㣬Ҫշô
ԶˣĽ޵º濴С֣ȻҪһữױƭ˵Сл
ţ˶δܺаշõġ
Ǹ˵ĻױδżҪķչռ䡣չĽ޵ߣ󶨻õϵʱѽ
Сԣ棬ˣǳܶŹ飬Ľ޵¿Ҳ
Ϊ±Ļӵߣ˶Ĳ̫ʣϸЩۡ
һ·αСС߻ϲ񣬼Ľ޵ǿ򶨵ӣҲǿĲѡ
Ǻ«
Ǻ«ҲͭǮ̸üۺһһ
С߻ϲҧһڣζǻ
㣬óԡ
Ľ޵ЦۣζСߣҲء
ѽпءöĵġ
С߾ãԼ۾ˡ
˷ק֣ȥһۣǶȥһںóԵζ
ֻǿЦһ·̯Ǹ˭У⺢ӻϲĿء
ǰҹ䵴ʱһӰԶƳǽ¹ӶסŲ۾ǰ滹ʳļˣǰЦĸõСѾͷϣ塣
ߣСϽֺѯʡ
ӿǿѾͷ˳ۡ
ӽѵ˼Ц̫ãܻ۵ġ
ֵĹһСתԶļӵ˸Ǽһȥ


ʮ£빲

ĽƽǰѾͷıӰֵǽűЦݡ
棬ȴΪһСݺݽѵһͷ
ԽԽȴþ㿪ĵЦݡԭûЦݣҲøۡ
㣬һ±󶹸óԣҲ
԰ɡ
ȴȴСĺһײˡ
ѽԲס
ѾͷƬӣײСүһԲĨߣүȥһ߶Ļȥ
׺ݣһѾСק
ܵһƣϽĺɢûһԸǰ
С߷ӦʱϽǰȥˡҪҪҽ㣬ǷŹ
Ľ޵Ҳǰ죬ȴһקסСߡ
Ҫȥһǹģ취

С߻żˣֻקסĽ޵µ֣үɵþȾҽ㡣
Ľ޵ֻݺݵͷ϶Ҫȡ
תĽ޵¿ԶһҴʯͷԲǰһ顣
Сߣȥһǵ˻͸Ͻɢܣɼסˡ
Ŷá
Ȼ֪үķôСߣҲֻСӵİš
ȵҷԼҵЩбʱСͱʯͷ˺קˡ
ͷʯͷ͵ء
ҹֽУСҲŵϵʯͷһ飬ҲĸȥСҲý۸
ſҡ
ǿקСʱϻ⡣
ӣ˴ˡ
ţѾͷЦôЦˡ
°һʹ񾪻Уȿ湴Լ°͵ˡ
ֻЩ죬˭治ġ
ǿ򶨣λүײСе㲻ԣҲھͰǿק˵̰ɣ
ѾͷүЦү뿴ôЦġ
⻰ЩӦ飬ײǼ٣ֻǿЦݲˬˡ
Ȼ֪ԼЦݺʱ̼ˣŬ򶨣λүѾͷЦݴ̼㣬Ҳֻ˵ǸǬӽ»빫һء
ĽƿѾͷҲĺܡ
Ӵણ˵Ļб۶ģ֪Сүޣ˵ӽ£Ǿǻ׹ţҰ
˵׵ĻĿĸһ
ò׳һˣ˭ȴôһ׹ݡ
Ȼǻ׹ݣҲ˸ĨǽҴ֪ˣΪܵġ
ͼȰ˵
Ľﻹݵ˵ȥ̧־ͳһѼĵӡ
СѾͷ˵Цû˵ڲµĳѾͷƬӣСүûˡŮ˶ǷŰһЩѵܳһԵġ
ݺ°ͣľ־壬Цݸˡ
Цү˵ˣЦԽãүͷŹء
ȫ
ĺԽԽ˵ϢӣĲȻ㡣һѵҪСô
뵽ͻȻ䷢һŤԴݺײĽƵСϡ
ȥɡ

Ҳ
ͷСߺĽ޵һſʯͷݺˡ
СʯͷҶˡǣȴֻסԴͷһקס˻֪ܵСߡ
СӣҴүӡ
֮£ݺݲĽƵĶƤϣһƵĲ
ſһ
СĻһĻҶǿүСš
үûˣЩūŵĻء
㣬Ҷۺ
˸ϽɿСߵĲŹǹӣº˵
ݺĽƵĲߡ
Ľ۾ˣѾͷСǲСôҪӲ
һߡ
ֱȳ档
ȴû˿ƽŶǡȴ󡭡
ãǶ
Ľ޵½Сߣʯͷûɡ
Ͻߡ
ŲˣҲ˲٣ȥҪǲףϽȳĽ޵´Сܡ
ҲߣСϽӡ
СᣬҲߡʱˣ˻Ĭߴһ
ܡ
Ľ޵ºݺһСߣܣҪͷһֱүܣɼסˣ
С߱һһֻ˵ĺܡ±Ͻͷתݺݾܡ
Ľ޵´ӭ񣬡㣬ģ죬㣬빲
˰ǣĪתů
һҽһЩ
áĽ޵ɵɵЦȥˡ
СһʵҲġ
ѾͷƬӣҲŹ㡭
ĽƺʱܹвּĻš
ĺݻǲҪġҲúõĳһأ¶ڻв°ͷŵһǥٸҺ˵˵ⶫɲ˵ġ
ǥҲ뵽ģһõĻ벻컹ó
ĽƸŲɢϢȫ


ʮһ£Ǽ

СߣĽ޵»ͷһر㿴ǶʯͷݺǰͶתͿܡ
Ͻܡ
ûһͷ˵ĽŲ˵Ǽ
һǰһӣϤЩİĽֵһΪǸ˵񣬳ЩСġһƬƺû̫ĸı䡣

ƾԺļ䣬קסĽ޵¾һͬȥ
һͬȥˣĻ˽Ų
һΣҿѾͷӡ
ĽĨԼĲ죬ҶҪѾͷƬʬΡ
үͷİɣ Ǹͬ
ӸϽӦһ˽ߣߵ˾ͷȴѹûˡ
㲻˵ͬأأ
С˱ĵ׷š
ҡСҲ̫
졣
Ľ۾㷭ˣһôôù
ݺһ߷Сˣִӵ˼뿪
еһˣЩƿ£ȥܵɣĵĿ϶С
һ̾Ϣţ󷢺ݶҪغţҪǺǰѾͷƬӾ
ʱױͭɢҵͷ
öĥǥӣֱͷϣһֻһöССĿǥֻо˽һյĽ޵²˽⣬һöǥСĻ֮
СأȻ֪ӵԿ׷ںδ
ֻ˻ɨûнĽ޵µĻ
Ȼͬ棬ʵһӿԳֵġ
ңһݵԿףҲȷʵǷǽڵĵʮķ϶档
֮˽⣬ΪһӣһǰµĲҵ
պС
һͷú߰գҲ֪Сûܵš
ᵽСߣĽ޵Ҳû˼ٶˡ̽ͷȿ˿ͬһӰǰ滹ǰڿء
Ҵ߳ȥת֡
СţĽ޵·ҵֳ
߳ȥ߳һƬʡ
˼ϲﲻ
߰ɣǸϽȥСߡ
õǣС߲ɵүǰĵ·ϣһֱšֱǰˣŸϽ֣ܳС㣬ǻˡ
£Ժ飬ܾ͸Ͻܡ˵⻰ʱɨһĽ޵¡ߴͷڨڨġȻСһػоܺãǣµİοҪһءǼǵġ
㣬ȽȥɣҸȥŷĺ滻·
ͷ̧ȥ
СߺСһ·ʱĽҲ븮ˡ
⼸һţֵҶӾ͸Ͻӭֻǣŵſڣ㱻Ľһ߷ȥ
ūţСүҲϽţ֪𣿡
ҶܵסȲ̧ͷ죬ֻǷ紵һ¶ô
ֻǣλƽʱֻѧԺѧĹүһȻƢôҲš
ͷͽȥˣĽƻֶġ
һ·˲ٵĻڼ֮ġ
ȵԶˣҶӸϽȥʰ
תʱĽ޵Ҳݳ
ղ泳ֵĺܣûҳҶ壬ղ˭С߲ʡ⸮ĹүʶĲࡣϾ涼żŻһ˵ġ
巿ĳӡ
ҶӿŲԶĬվӰĽ޵£һ̾˾ǲȵġ
ԽŹӽӴԽãôͨƽ׽ˣƫƫ˵ǲЩ
巿ĳӣ
Ľ޵ǰһʵӰ
׷һֵǰܣȴһֱŲԲԡ
ζȴһһҹһ죬Լͷȥˡ
߰ɣſڡ
С߻Ǻܽġ
ſ֮ģܿ͹֣̫õ¶
صºĽ޵²ŷȫʹѡ
С߸־־壬˯
ȻȫĺܣĽ޵µȴʣô֪ǸǽԿأһ䷿˭
һһ˯ŵСߣСһüۣʱҲмơ
Ŵ¹⣬ᶢСߵüΣüһޡ
㣬ʱŻҷſķء
СߣֻͨūŹϵôΪʲôҾãкö鲻һǡϵõʲôһ̣Ľ޵ЩԼۡοҪôԭأϹŹǼôȻ֪Լȥ룬ȥٸʵס



ʮ£ħ

Ȼһ̫˳һ˲پյ顣ҲٶʱҪࡣ
ǰֻǰĽ޵µɷԼ֮·һĿꡣڣȴΪĳʼԼˡ
ΪһϣһЩʳΪһЩСҪСæϴͷϴ裬ˬӦˡһĽ޵Ҳȥ׼·һϴˡ
С߱ϾСԼϴͷϴʲôģܻǲЩкöʱϴĲ̫סǰ̺СޣȴҪԼŪһΪϴ衣
ȻҲܰĽ޵±ġ
Ľ޵³һ£תϲȥ·
Ҫ޼СӴء
ǲ˫šԼСƨƨ
뵽Ľ޵ʰ·Ķˡ쵽Сߵʱࡣһصӣֻϧ˫õ۾ǳĵϲ֮顣
Сûšҵп
С޵ˮһҲ׵ɫʱЦţͰ߶Сӻ޹ĺ˵ġ
ֹˮͷϽ

СһסԼȲϵıİġ
صĻЦˮĽ޵ҲЦݡ
΢춯ע⣬ˣ֣ϽѵˮͰҿͰӹأҪôװС
ԲԲϣĵЦݣСԭͳļ£˳۶һЦۣŸϲĺܡ
ǸСȣĽ޵·֣ԼǸϲůģһЦƯѶ㡣
ţˡ
Ľ޵»Ӧ¾Ͱ·ǿٰͰض˽ȥ
Ϊ̫˼Сǰ̫¶ǣһֱЮСסǰ档ľֹȴС߹Ц۵ؽһˮ
ףʪඣʪඡ
Ľ޵գҲŻؽһˮСߵϡ
Ҳʪˡ

С߶Ц
ƤСߣĽ޵ҲûЦˡСƨŤŤ͸СˮͰ໥ˮ
Ϊ˱ⱻˣԶԶվһ߶ȥ
ֱĲˣŲȳѵ
Ҳæѽ
ѽǹԹԵӴ
С߸ϽԼҹһá
ý㣬æôǲ֣ԹԵӴ
Ľ޵СƨҲ̧һ㣬С㣬šСƨɵ۵ġ
ۡ
Сʰ׵ĵֵӴ֣žһ
ˣԹԵġ
Сж治žһ
ţСһãһҲôõĻоѽѽСʱһѣ˿϶ء
СŤͷһµ˼Сƨɵ죬̫ˣһĹӵĵ˼ô˵֣꣬㲻ҪӴʵ۸ء
Ľ޵ߵһ۷۵ģëɨɨС߱ףҲ۵ŶСžҺ

һžҲƲסЦ
С򰡵һҲžһ¾үС׶
ףž
СˣžˡСһҲž㵰
ѽΪʲôҾͲءС߿顣ղŵָв
Ľ޵۾ббһɨţ
һߣȻСˡ
Ͻͷˮǲĵĺܣžôƫ۶
СҪϽơ
ˣžˣ㣬ͷš˲˯㣬Ҳšˡ
ΪСһ۾룬񲢲ٵưҹ֮ġ
Ͼʵ˯ϾҪ
Сһ͵һ䡣
ڵԳһЩ򵥵ѵˣû¶岻ãܶʱ̫Կˡ㣬ŹӸҪһǿ壬Ȼ˭㡣
λү̫һ˫ǰү˵һջ˵ĺܡ
ڳԽԽСޣʱ򶼻ɣ˻᲻ᱻļ˿ϡʱҪԺ
Ľ޵ƺҲ֪뷨֡
С㣬ҷģҲҵġ
ţ⸮棬ܾҪ¶ʱ򣬻ǲҪ¶棬ûȨƵĺԺʵļҵġ
һ仰û˵ãƾĽ޵µĴϻۣǶġ
̫欣Ժ˽ô࣬ƫƫûȨƣˣױ˶ϵġ
ֻǣĽ޵£ȴ룬˼ҵҲһĲˡ
СС͵ļϲˡ
һֺС˿Ҫšš
һٽ÷ĵڤӵԺȥ
ʵڤڸƽһ飬Ҳһ㡣Ȼ򣬸үƢҲ˳
ԺһҲҼѾͷƬһ
һ͵ˣݸôвסôŶָѾͷء
ǸЩ٬ĽŲȻֹԲǴģڽϣһֱЦǸˣ



ʮ£

ʮʲô飿
ʱΣʵĺøУ־Ժءֻڴ˼ҵӵ˵ʵУ󶼻ݱʵ
ĽƺĽڤЩȨӵܣԴӶ˺֮ĺ飬׽Ūһ¸ĴСѾͷǡЩ̺ĸѾͷǱϷ˹
ǱǽţֻͷԵ顣
ĽڤĽôҵĸ磬ѸĸɫƯѾͷ˹
ڤЩѾͷŲ˳۶ǳ˰ɡ
Ľһ뵽Ѿͷ֪ôģҪһֵԲѾͷ
׷һСƯѾͷĽڤĽ˵һ¡֣ڤôأ
еơĽҲЩƵһ
ȴСѾͷӽ
ǸСѾͷϡףҲѾͷ
üЩζĽڤ
ĽڤۣԼߵѾͷмƲ죬˳ʳɡҲǣԼԵķཱུľͰˣߵѾͷҲཱུġ
ССүüŬһС˵ģǳͽϴĹӣԺöд£Ҫдҹӵɡ̵ֽģԲܺʱͰżӡ
ƺԼһ
ôţѾͷأĽɻཱུѾͷܾԽԽԽ졣
̧ͷ
Եһ
ţ̧ͷ
ѽ⸮ôô۵Ѿͷ
ȵĽƸϽһĽڤ˰ѾͷҲ˰죬ŲȻŭ
̵ǵүǵۣϽ
ͲأϽؾܡ
ղĽƵ󣬱㵱ϴӵĨЩϡϡҲ£һЩֻܺһ˵
ǣԶĽƾΪʲôῴˡ
һǸЦѾͷСүɡ
ķࡣ
ǹӲͷƤλڽСô
ĽǽŶħЦݣ⵽ߣתţԽԽȷ˲СѾͷô
ٺЦĸĵ⣬СѾͷ첻Сķ㣬죬ôֻأ
ĽڤԴˣ˰죬е㷴ӦţѾͷݸղ˵ġǸǵ㲻˵Ѿͷ
ɲôͷ˸˱ӾŵװĨ͵ģǺǣѾ˵˵үҪôʰѵأ
Ļҹ侲
վǶȻǰĽƣôʰʰɣãѾͷ糬Ǳ˻˴ӣªҪôǱͷŹ»ǲԷȡū˵Щ¶ϰˡ
˵ƮƮģв
Ľȴס
Ѿͷ㲻£
ĽڤҡͷʮһǶҡͷԡ
磬ѾͷµȻµģǣҲûް˸㣬ȻҲѲƤˡ
ĽһҲİ
´ȫ͵ѾͷЦˣһʱɻأΪϲˣޣʲôնҪ밡ҪôʰˣСүأ
ĽͷĽڤ
¶ǵúúĥһ
Ľڤ˷ܵ񣬡ظ磬ղѾͷ˵ô޷ǾǷ򰡣зԼһЩ֮ġҾðɡ
Ľڤ۾תתĽƵһ߶ֹ
ʵҾðɣ㲻ҪѾͷȥȲ˵ôͷֻ˵ѾͷҪ̺һʱ䡣ʱ䣬ôͷôͷ˵ҲԳû۲һ£ѾͷЩɣֻҪ߶ôа
ĽĹһЦզȻá
Ľڤļ򣬡Ϊ翼ǵܵãȥתת
תз۾ǰĹѾͷ͸үߣú̺Сүɡ
ħЦݶţȫڣԼչһˣôҲڱСƨת˰ɡĬȻ񣬡ūӹ
ĽƻѾͷ飬÷˵Сүȥ˵
βһŵĽڤϽЦݸҪˣ⻹Сһ׮ôɸ÷˵һˡ
С÷ĲмҲǸŮ̾úõһӣ͵Ӣ˵ԺĿˣԴˣ͵ӡ÷ﻹΪСǣҶǡֻ£ôȥڤѹء
뵽Ӣ˶ԼһŮĽ̵ν߳ȥ˿佱ġ
ΨЩŮȴĸ
ҡͷվһ߶
Ľȴ˷ܴǧҪôʰЦĲõѾͷƬӡ


ʮ£ƫԸ

ͬģҲ˼ţҪôܴСƨӡ
ֱ߻˵Ĵүʵһĺܲô򷢵ġǣˣ֮ˣҲĺôϾ竰
ȻҪôշأ
ĽţСѾͷڽϲõЦݣͻȻһת
ˣ㰮ЦаҾҪޣٺ٣Ҳ֪СӿжѿġǣҪôһѾͷأ
󼸲Ǹŵĳ漸Ͻ
үϿ¶Ը
ĽѹɤԼֹ
ҪѾͷޣôأ
⻹򵥰¡
ĽƱӣͲһЩ߼ķӣ
ȣҪһЩ֣۾϶ް
ٺЦãѾͷʰƯģҪ۵ɻأүҪǰһġ
صѾͷźóԵˮ
ĽĺһС룬ƼԶһѾͷ
СѾͷƯĹЩԲżС̺С۴΢΢ţ貶Ŀĺɫ۾¶Щ˫żǿ򶨡
һۺ죬ԲԲĹѩģżϲֻҪšһš
Ľգգۣ֣ʾС˶
СС˶չ̧ͷļ˻ɣ⵽Ƕģԭ˵Ĺ⻬˶תĽҲòϣѾͷʵͦÿ껭СŮĪڴ˰ա
СѾͷǿ۾һ£ѱûУǣȴĽת뷨
٬ָͷС۵Сϡ
˵뷨ӳͷأԼţҾãӦԼã
죬˸Ѿͷʵ֪ǺδùүŲģ
Լû飬Сүǳ˳ۡ
үǳЦݲ˳ۣĽƵǸɴĺܡ
ŶԭˡȻЦݶҲ鷳
ȻˣǾ빫𷣰աҲûȥ
㲻
ƯѾͷĽŭȻ
ҡ
ǺǣңѾͷƬӣкβҵģˣѾͷһгӣƺ̣޶һĽ൱
ôŶУū޻˵
ͷüǣĳȴԶ
Ϊ巿óĹ֮һĽƣܹ䡣Ц
治ôˣˮ
ͲˣѾͷĲʹ
ˮôȻƤĺʹǣǰǰǸ裬ĥȣʲôء
ǵãǰһԸ˵ĹߣǱ͵һ̬ﵱֻΪȡһüֵ鱨
Ϊһ鱨Ϊ˵õһЦݽľȥǱŵ˼ĽܵĥڷеЩĥ
ˮЩȣ㲻ʲôİա
ӶŴˮ˫Ө͸Сֱˮ棬ʹ鴤ˣȴǶԶҧŴһԡ
һ㣬һˣѾһҲ֨ʵôƯС˶亹Ŵŵµ䣬ҲڡֻҪһһ͵̬϶ġ
ֻǣ̨µѾͷ̫ǿˡ
Ҳһȫ亹͸ˣҲԲ죬ҧŴԶ
ˣſ
һ̲ĺˮĽƺɸ֡
תùһö룬ѾͷҿжӲ㶼ʹү˵Ǹǿġ
Цʹô
ʵʹģˮ͸ָʹ
ǣһǰãȣʲôأ
۵ָ׷϶ĽƶʹĻšǣѾͷȴֻƺһ󣬱üǶֱֱͦıвµ°ͣ
ѾͷȥԣҿҪô
ˣΪʲôôͷûзӦ
öꡣɱţȴܾѾͷڳЦֻһСƨӡ
ָӦȲϲʼֻǿЦݴۣڣֻǿĮȻӣüȵܡ
һڱĵ棬ʵķѩƮ㣬ֶǰǷ衣
·ֻصһ걻˹ںԺһֱĳ
ʱҲǱںԺûгԵģżһЩѿʳҲǳԵĶһѶ
࣬ŮˣôһءʵĵغõģҪһɴ࣬ռ˹ôģôҲúû찡ⲻõĴô


ʮ£Ҫ

棬Ϊõѣڵȴڱͱӡ
ǳ˫ɶԵһˣ֪ԭΪĽ飬Ǳ˼ӵķ֮š
ƫҾҪЩңңҵܵһıӦùذҵˣõõչˣҲʣҲҶҪֻÿһ졣
ݺȭ۽ޡ
ʳ󣬿һŮıݺĽƻǾﲻ
һ뵽Ѿͷ;ȫþ

һһ̲յĽƲȥ
뿴Ѿͷˡ
ǻںȾƣզȻĽƵŵһµڵϡ

ɨһЩ⣬Ľһݺһűؿڡ
۵һ³ŹڵϺ߶Һһ
ײʱһŵСѾͷʱĽƵĿһ¡
ͻȻ䲻ǰֻãСС˶ƺΪĥʹȥһ뵽Сʱһ
ںڵСȹ˺öֵʱ⡣
һ죬Ϊǿקס˺ð죬Ϊ˿ôġСôҲ֪ԭЩʵ̫ڡ
ЦݵĳѾͷڱԼֺԿ͸СѾͷľȥô
ݺ߬ȭͷǰߡ
ﾲ׵ĺܣֻĵԼײԼҴϢ
ڣߵ˵ǰС̽ǰһ˿΢Ϣ˿Ȳһ
ȥѹүүҪ졣
ǣү
зĽŲ
˼ᱧССһŶ̫䣬ܽӲ
ڻһɷɷ׵ġ
΢Ϣнյ۾飬Ҳ¡
ʵһҲ뿪ġֻҪңҿٳͷһġ
գѾͷһ
˼˵ģлŮ˶ءԣһɡ
ҹŸƻ裬ȴԵüûڴǰֱүӺ
СӣѾͷ֮£˷纮ðҩȥܺת
үǺλСӵƢ̫ãС֪ģÿε巿˿ĵĺܡ⸮ļλСүϾ巿λ̣ǺܾѲء
纮ֻǷ纮Ľֱü
ǵģͷ纮ˣСѾͷĵӲȻĥҲܽġ
үʵʵ˵
ĽƲͷһ֡
Ҳ˿
ǸСӰϣѾͷҪգҪҩ鷳һЩ
˵ˡ
Ľһ֣ŵĹү໵һסԴˡ
ĽŽӣǰѾͷСӣҪܵͷġڣһֲˡֻСѾͷƺ˹ӵ
ת˺üתĽƻǺȥ˯
һ;һΡ
ȫģƺһֱڱգ𿾡
ζʹꡣ
żһͷŭ
ֻܵһֱֻ׾ΪԼĨڣ·
˸Լ·ʱȫӲų⡣
ѾͷҪҲСүͰӵѩȥ
⽩ӲѾͷĽҲƶΪʲôͻ˵Ѿͷպء
ӦȥѧԺѽ
ԺӣҲһɿСڵӣȴЦȥš
ҵڰò׿¹ԺȥѧʱĲ㣬Ҳѽ
ҪѾͷĽһָԶڷյСѾ̾øͷʹˡ
ǸѾͷôϲֵģٸһһЩġҪֵģҶοҪ÷ߵѾͷء˭֪ǲ÷Լµ׶ȻλҲͣĽݼ˵Ҳֻһˡĸӣÿ
ҾҪѾͷ˭ҵģұˣûȤ
񵽲еĶӣҲײ⼸Ů棬ҲݸгϢġҲֻ˾Ŀȡ¹ѧԺ
Ҳֻӣеӡ
ˣˣ˴ȥԺɡԺֻǴһͯһŮѾͷѾͷգȥʰ
ʱӵ˭չˣѾͷչ˲ˣӻҪչһ뵽̾;Ļš
Щ㲻òģҪˡ



ʮ£Ũ

ʲôҪһըˡ
Ǻ˼ңļ˵ĺҪɸˣҲͨѾͷġ
ĸ׷Ӧ֮ĽƷЩ֡ôӦǿңֻҪҵĽ̺ѾͷѲɣ㻹Ե뷨ɣ
ԭֻǵѾͷ
Ӵ۶ţͻȻԼ˼̫ǸЩӲʮ꣬ǶԹЩ棬ҲܶһѾͷ뷨
ΪԼͷ߲ѣֻǿš
Ǹ뷨ѾͷռЯԱֲţҪ̺ĺãЩѶȵġ
Ľνڰ֣֪ĸףҪҾͰ˴ˡ
ٳһ˯ʵѾͷĽֿʼ˼ţҪôѧԺú׽Ū
ҵܵͷˣߺߣϻûгء
ΪӵܵһֱĸĶȻѾͷҲ⡣
̿ŶִţǲʣҲֻˡ
ߵӿȰݹӾٽһʱϡˣٲעѾͷĪΪС¶ġ
ӴСǿԸҲֻ̾һա
¹Ժѧھ˵Ǽõġ
ѧԺһЩӣһЩʵѧƶӵܡ
ТѧԺǰģܻѧԺķֽ
ģԽ󣬽ķþԽࡣ
Ǹݳɼѧǰ;ĵط
ΪöǮҴңԿ¹ѧԺԺ
ĽݼӵϰѧӣܽѧԺѧϰˣҲʮ֮
УĽƾռһΪˣǰ˺󣬿νǱӵġ
¹ѧԺշѰ󣬵Ҳȷʵû˵
ڳǮסӵܣǵСԺҲеġֻ۸治һİ󰡡
ƫƫСԺһҲû̫ķ䣬ǰȥԤСͨϵŸԼѧӼĵطһСԺСԺͿѧԼСͯһѾͷ
ѧԺҲֻһطſԴʹӵġ
Ե֮ģҲֻܴһͯһסԷʲôģҲֻʳʱŪ
һ¹ѧԺսⷢλĽݸĹӣȻһ˯ѵѾͷѧӷ
ףѵѾͷĽݹ´ѾͷƬ
ǣҪôֻһһŮŵģ
ʮ꣬ǱöͬŮ˼Ҷŵѡ
Ľһٶò˼ҹעϾʿһɷ磬ŮѡҪľ¹ѧԺġĽƼã˲ҲҪ˼¹ѧԺɺãôһúõˣȴһе㲻һѾͷԺˡ
ԣټйĬĬעĽƵ˼ңڵһʱ䣬ʼעǸԵѾͷ
һУŵѾͷȻǲġ
תʱ򣬾ԺڲϱԹ
ȿȣүҲǣôôһ˽ѧԺҪԵʳ˰ΪѸˣȿȡ
ԺⲻðỤ̃Ͻ
ǿסȥ棬ļ̨ǰһʮСѻЮ졣
СС¯ӱһ¯ĲϽǰӹǯӣȿȡ
һҵ˾һǳ̲סԹ
ѽѾͷҪ㣬ҺοҪЩֲڵĻ
ڿֻһЩٰԿһЩǻವش־ˡ
ѽѽѾͷֻԵģҲǸջء
ҲûŹõһЩƬЩ鴤ʣţҪ⣿
ͷϽǰ⡣
ǲǣ칫ѧԺԷ˵ԼԵģʱЩŲҪǻⲻ͸ôǡ
֧˵û˼˵ȥˡ
ǿ˿ºЩȷʣ˵Ĺ˭
˹ƬʵǴ԰ȫֻµгɱƬŷ³һأһЩͣζģԵĻֵͦġ
Ҹ˵ɳѾͷ
һˣԼǸħĽƵңҲ¹ѧԺ
ԭǰ˻Ľݼҵˣ֮ԲôˣΪ˼ѧԺġ
ιɫѿԵĸˣٿʱȻҲԹҲ˳ࡣ
ɫÿΪŹҪͷ¶Ͻο͸¶
ʵɣȷʵǸģƢȻеֻҪ˳˵ˣҲǼ˵ءǹΪԼˣԺܳ㣬ܸ˵ˡ



ʮ£

ЦЦƳһۣ죬û֨ʲôžͲܸ衣
һūţԽȥ
⻰ҲǺһСѾͷƬӣҪ治С
걻ɣǷ˵ôһҲϲѹֹӻһôͷءߣҳŰɣǷŰġ
ŷգŻԼЩ࣬һЩСҶɫŨȶ
˸ɷģŪϡòƲָҨһ롣
̲㲻Ҫ԰ҴӼġ
ˣķϣ͸ˡ˻Ѿͷںˡ
˵ŻĶǡ
ڸ
ʱһ³ĺ
ŵĸϽ֣ʺ
үɻء
Ľ䶢֣ڸ
Ż˵ݺһϡ
ˡ
߷ڵأ߶ûҺһ͹һ߶ңҾ뿴ѾͷڷûС
ĽƲɨһ۴ͷվһߵЦûأҪأǧġ
ü΢΢ֻ̧ͷһۣ죬ûǻǰ˵ࡣ
ѾͷƬӣͷȥȥ
ˮĴ۾һۣȴûõӦĽˡ
;ãѾͷôҲ˳ۡ
һ߶ȥʰ
ȥʵЩǷ纮ӦǺõĲġȻڻزȥˣҲ;
һҪģס⣬ȻǴСԺģҲֻһ󷿼Ľƺš
ѾͷС˯
ſǽһСҲûС
˵˯ǽǣ˽ܿ
ĽƼǽǵСü
Ƶ飬Īͺת
Ѿͷϲ˿ڹ˯
յףһӡ
ָֻĽĪջˡ
ߡ
Ťͷȥ˸ڵСԺڶĸʵһӣЩơ
ӴӴǲĽСӣ˭ˣ
ڷϵĲˮŷġ
ĽƹʡСʵ˵ҪʰһѾͷƬӣõİ취ʲô
ʲôȼٰ˼Ķʾãϲ㣬㣬ٺݺݰƿ¡ĳͷһŮ˵Եġ

ĽеɵۣЩΣǣֻһһСܶѾͷƬӰҲܰ
ʵ΢΢˻ʵҲΡǶƵûҲ˵ġ
⻹أСҲ㰡һССѾͷƬӰ뿪˼ң뿪ˣһ˿϶µʵĹġٵ㣬ٷˡȤ
Ľ˼
ٴλתʱҪԼǾ͵öһЩ
ǣΪ˱Լ⣬ϣڰ̺̺ĺЩϡ࣬׼ȥϢʱ
ġ
һƯľ˿ֹƵľ
һ۲ơ
ңһӣôţһʮ䣬Ҳüֵһɡ⹤ǮŲİٸͭǮ˼һͣһӡ
粻СŮӵȻϲЩȴҲûôĻϲϲӰ
˸лȥ
һֱ뿴мݴүûкβһı顣
˵˵ѾͷƬôأҪСҾʲôģûϲѾͷŮ𣿡
ٺЦû֨ƢҲǹŹֵĺܣҪѾͷˡ
Ժ⣬ϴյҡͷ
ʵֻҪĽƲ̫ӣǱڸﻹҪõءСߣĽ޵ôˡ
һ뵽СӣѰġ
СߺĽ޵˵ĽƴߺСֹֻݡ
˵˺ð죬ŷĽ޵һ仰Ҳûж˵ֻֽͱʣǶһֱд֡
Ȼֹ濴дֵĽ޵£һˡ
ʵСӲǲѹģǣԼܱС㣬ԲߣҪŬѧϰɡ
һϢĴССҲ߬Сȭͷ
ӣһŬϽͲˣǾܱСˡ
Ľ޵ıͣһ£д֣ȴ˼ţҪοٰҵ¡ҪȨƣҪݡ򣬾һѾͷҪ֡
һ뵽ĽƲбӣĽ޵ıʺݺһۡ
ꡭ
ŶϵıʣĽ޵ɫ̣תֱڴϡЩ飬Ҫ򣬱ԼҲߵˡ
ССޣڰʱᵽˣȨƵҪԡ


ʮ£˫

ʴӻӻعʱСıο
ӭΪˮһ󣬱ЦŰӵı˵˳
ϴֲ⺢Ӻ͵ҵĺһ󣬽ôá
˵ɫЩΡ
ϵ֪ӵǲ¶
ܾã㲻ˣ棬к˽Ҳδɣ
⻰ɵõ˷ʵͬ
ֹ
ɲôҽõһˣҲͶϵġôҲΪһˣͻٵԼڰֻϧǼԴӽ󣬾ͰˣΪҲ첻ֻǸӣ˵ҲӦȥġǵǱ߶
ж谮㣬Ǽ鷢󣬾ж
Ϊ鷢үӾҲĺү顣Ǻӣᶼġ
ʰ˵ǺӺǸʲġֻǿԷĿǰΪֹֻһС˷š
ʳĬˡ
ǼԴӰܵĥѾͲ
˲ƣΪѡ
ǺԷ棬ֻ±Ǹ
ڶýöᵽð𣬴¡Ҳ
ϵ˽һ㣬Ҳûپ⻰˵
ˣүڻÿȥׯ԰һתô
أϻһֻҰӣҿɸˡ
Ǿͺáʸ˿ɫӦҪ˰ɡ
˼ŷүҪʱׯ԰⣬үŲԶһС޷
⺢ӣüʲôһԼǶģԣզȻ侲ԼСʱ㶵ģ˶˼С
ֱССǰ̧ͷǿ
ֻһźͯףǣ˫̫侲ŵ۾ȴȻѡ
ôˣõĲԶС߰߬ȭͷСӲֵ˶ųôһˡ
̸ġС޵Զŵķүзۡ㣿̸⣿
ǣ̸
Ŷ
ûоܾ˼Ľ޵ŵķֻҪԸζŻ
һȥү̽һء
үЦƾʲôǣзȴ͡⺢ССͣ˵زʱգᷢչʲôӣ
ʮǽ̽ӻõʮٱĻر
룿үˣѲɣԼܵõλɣ
Ľ޵һЦһ˲䣬үӷ·𿴼ǸȥĹŮ꣬ԼгһЦʱҲٻ뿪ʱֻԺڿŮһģһ΢Цȴ˷ǵĴ
ɡ
ԭΪѲٵĿ࣬Ľ޵ǣ̵ļ仰үӾʹӦˡ
ŷүӣĽ޵˸лл
֪ô£һ˲䣬үӵıӷᡣ
֣תȥ
ӿǸԽԽˣĽ޵߬ŵȭͷɿ
棬Ҳûôǡ
ĹΣүӻصҺǰζС˫ǵĲͯ
ݺݱ۾һ˫۾עӣǣôҲӲȥ
ʡ
ʸϽ
ɶ¶
Ŷʱȥүʺһ¡Ǹӡ
ʴһԼĺӺͽĺӡ룬뵽
⣬Ƿ£
үӿǰ˳жļȷᣬ
죬ǺˣҺο㡭һôɫĺӡ
ʻʣүȴǱֻ֣Ըһȥ֪ˡ
ǻӪĸӳʣȻֻһССĻӣʣ۹ȣǷӵϳɫһңھⷬصأӪְҲʵȨԣȥŷңʵǺںǸӵġ
һ㣬ʸӺ棬Ǻӣ׸ү˵Щʲô
үôĳɼͻȻ׿ˣĿǰΪֹгϢĶȥΪ׳ơ
÷Ĳ裬ȴҴҶ
ԷǱ߶磬Ȼ̽ˡ
ʲô
÷һվ棿
ĺţˣǽλڳ浱Ǹһλġ
÷΢У˼ЩԶ
һߵ⻰üҲ
ԷǸطǺүɻ䣬õĵطǡ
ֹ÷Щᡣ
ǣǸطȴǺүںĵط÷һԿơ



ʮ£ս

е˼أʱȴǰעһλһ˲Ǿ֪ﻹһλСôһλһֱںԺ𣬴ʱһ֣ӡ
뵽÷ȴǳ
⣬׼һ͵ԷУҵҪƣǸԺõĴˣҪԺ̬ء
һϽȥ׼
ͬģںүԺ⼸ҲȺһ˵˴¡һЦӿɾе˼أǰλЩһͻݵɽ˼ҾǻˣžӪĶǰ̽һֱһλ˵
ү¶öʵһġȻƽ˿λҪԸһЩҲֻЩүΪƷλһλƽ޷˶ѡ
Ů˶ˣĺү˵ıҲɼҲֻǸռλõˡ
ԺǣԭͲǸݵʱһ˵ԷĶסġ
Ǻ񣬱ԾŹӵĹذ֮顣
ǳ񣬾ǸԺ˵Ҳɫ΢䡣
ףѽ
ɲôô꣬ԷһλǷģɺãҵ˾Ȼǰ̽ˡ
үж۰һλˣжʹԷλǣ˵һ٣˼һǸ鰡Ȼˣʾöȥա
ˣţƽǺܵóôں㣬ҲԽǣһ飬үϲġԽ׳ȥԷģ˼ľԽ˵һ
öһ뵽ƽǸӵģҪװͻݣȴһ Էǵĵӱ䡭ȥƽûӰ죿
ڼЦĸǣʱ򶼿ʼ˶ԾŹеĹذǺ ɫģԼ಼ϵȣȻġ
һʱ䣬СƽʱеģæĽŲմء
ǽӴѾͷӣæķ
ǰ˻зҵ𾪵ǣλżĹӣȻԳ侲˽
ӣɣ˽˵˿˾ãһĹүȣݣ˾ã˰ɣ϶һܵýҹӡ
̰ǲ֪ȣͨӴ治һһֱں˶ţֻҪԸһЩҲǸء
⻰ݳü΢ȴȻһЦúõĺţʱʱģһЩȥҲĹذ֮顣ҵƣһλССӣү߶Զ
˵ԺõйĽ޵µĽ󣬶ͣ˻ıʣС¶Уҡ
ƽˣҿҪôԺүˣŹʮȥһλȻҪ֪Ժ棬Ǳһ¹ذ顣Ǵ̣Ҳϡ¶

һֱվԱ߶ķ븱Ӫ⸮ĸɫȫһۣͬģҲԼһб֣۵׺ҲǰԳԾ
侲Ų
ȵЩȥˣ̸֪һҲ÷
Լİ꺢ӣͯһҡͷ
ǰһҪͯ棬滳һˡ
ԭүҪ̽ӣеġĺӣ˭ܵһֱ°š
һ㣬ʶ͸ӿء
ԭ̽ӣҲ̽ٽʳʱžٲ뿪
ȵԷ徲С̱Ϻ󴭡
ˣӰԺǲҪˣ
϶ѷŵĸɫСֲˡ
Ľ޵ʮ֣
ֻ£Ժֻ˵ĳٲˡΣͬչá
ŸСİ̧ͷӣ
Ľ޵΢΢һЦû˿ĵ⡣
С߰ſʼǵ·ء
Ź侲ɫСͻȻãԼ̫ˡֻһЩССĶôͼģء
ӣ˼˵ƽ˻ǰչˣ
ǿ϶Ľ޵顣
Сߣǻкóһ·Ҫߡ
ɫסС߸Ͻ̬
Ĺӣƺ鷳ء
Ҳ֪СǱ߶ôˣҲ˵
ᵽС㣬Ľ޵ͫҲС㣬ٸҵʱ䣬Ҷٲ˸š
η̽Ľ޵£ּģҪƽˡ
ûڣӦȰúöǸӡںˣǶǺӺҲǣãǡԴӵ֪һϢ󣬳Ҳˣֻһ˼һλƽ˵ɫ


ʮ£˽

ŹȱźˣСӣѾͷȥľ̺šкβ׵ģ
أȻЩϷСӻ̫ˣΪ÷̽һˣԷĵϵˣ
үǱ߶̬Ȳʵ£Ҫѡ
ֻҪԼȥţܷ
һ뵽Щƽֵˡ
룬飬з
һ磬ûµĵϵĶӡ
ϸѡһӣһСӣһѾͷȥ̺ʱλһֱǰ밲ʺõĶӣȻļǰ밲
Ѿͷͺһ߶Ǻӳʰһ߶
ĸд𣬲°ʱԽʣ˵ɫԽѿ͸ϧ뿪һҲ֪Ź˵Щʲôֻ֪˴˰졣ǺһЦ
ˣˣȥѽȥǸѾͷֻһСӣǸԺʹžͰա̺в׵ҷ̺򡣡
Ըǳһ
ôоⲻǼӵ˼
ǣȥ̺ˡ
ǰһת䣬˲ѽ
ºҲЩӴһ
˿ˣȻһôΣﶼˡڸ״һֱûǸλáʩ飬˶ĺá˭֪үôġһУҪԺүΪʾöҲȱ˵ǿ
һ룬ȷʵǰֻһʾãڹ¿꣬˷˵շĻмġ
ңгϢʱҲǹŷ˵ݡ
󣬺үǿڷҲ޷ˣֻǹĺáںүҪҪһºүǾֻƾ³Է
ҲΪˣԷֻҪ̺ţҲͨˡ
º󣬷ҵĸʹǰ̽˼أһԷгԷ֮ġһƽ˶һλ͸˼֡
յһЩϢʱ¹ѧԺ˲ʮˡ
յһֽϢҲǳ˿ãĽ޵ºСǣҲݵ˶ڻǰȫģ»ﰵı˹עˣҲǿһֱںԺܵǿһĽ޵Լȡܿ¹ѧԺ͸ˡ
ѾͷϽҶѧԺʳķʳѳˣǰҵһֻ룬үͶĵʲȥ
Ժ⣬ĽһߺȲͣ
Ͻдһžֻܸ죬һȥ˵ʱλʹӸŶˡүĵľѡ
ڣҲǸģ֪ҪڲȥԱ۰ţǰҲϵϡ˲ͨţϤ˴˵
¹ѧԺôϸĽѧأĽ޵Ĺοô
뵽°Ҫ¹ԣҲЩ
Ǳֻźεƽĺá
أ
ˣǲˣȥ̺λħүɡ
뵽ĽƣҲͷʹ
λүҲ֪ô¶Ƶģһһ
һһЩҪôһЩ
кüΣССĿ佱ǰ԰һκΣû̫ıʾֻľվһ߶еλүַˣתͽѵȳ
һõǣĽôƢᣬȴҲûʱˮ
ֻҪһֱȥʵͦġ
Ѳ˳ãλθڼĹүʳ˺˫ѾܳȥѧԺԺתȥ
ΪѧԺūͲࡣÿһ˴ôʮǣҲвϰٸū͸ˡ
ΪںԺģι˲١
еĹӴǴһЩģҲдһЩСͯġСѾͷҲ١
ΪĿǰΪֹʶͬСŮͯͣҲֻ࣬ů£Ǿޱ
أů»ãе£ԽϺֱǾޱĬﲻ࣬ƽʱͰЦе۶Ŵҡ
ΪĸŮͶģѰʱǴһ𡣲һ߲ų壬ϲյѾͷĸǰ
˵ҲɿɰЩѾͷǵҲϲ
ô缱ųʵҪΪһѾͷ¶ġ˽ĳλСˣ˽ɡ
ȻĶСϷ̫ϲΪ׬˼ҵȷãЩϲҲȥ


ʮһ£ѧԺƴҵ

ܴСѾͷȦ棬ʵҲûġΪ˼ҿС͸ʲôȥ뿴õС̫Ϊ顣
ֻΪջٵá
Ǯκʱ򣬶ҪĶ
򸮴ԺģһǩѾͷһİǮһҪģҪꡣ
ʱΪ˸С֣⸣ŶûǮ
ѧԺǮĻᣬȻͲԸ
һСһҪ͸һСˣдСӡ
˶ʮͣҲ֪˭˭Ž׶Ρ
ǼСԺݹӵСԺǳĿһЦƯѶĴСסڴ˴
ʱС׼ȥءһţһԲԲСѾͷƬӹ۾һϽ֡
Сá
Сϲһ˾ЦеѾͷԺùùӵġ
үǰЩȥŲٵĳʳԵ㣬һץһЩߡ
Ц΢΢ӹܣȷ˺󣬱СӸ˴С
ʵҸϲ
Ǻǡɬôֱ׵Ŀ佱Сġ
ǴСȴǸ˷ܴչ
ã㲻֪ҿϲĺţкóԵĺɶģҪ㡣
һǻȥˡ
ýλСôԾ
ǣССð͸СԼ𪵽˻۶ĲСֶץӶʱֻ־͸Ƶġ
ôôƯ̬ɾеСӣûŹҪȻôЩء
ãԲΪȣԺҲ󳤴ˣǻҵĶء
ţǺ쵽еԲ¹Ӷˡ
ǸæţСѾͷȥͱġ
СãСߣһӡ˵־ק
ȴǡǡýԺݹ˸š
λݹҲǸĹӸ
һԼϲѾͷС¾Ͳôһ
СŵĸϽ֣һϽӭݹӡ
к̧ͷݹ밲ʺá
أݣ㱾˵ӻ
ǡ
Ĭһ˼˰СѾͷʵҲĶķհһСģͻᱻ¸ң
һ﹫ӸǽãҲҪѧӦ顣
Сһ壬ŵԷСٳʱСҪͳȴݹӽнȥ
߳ȥ˿ϽתȥļûӵСǡ
סĹӾûǮ෴ģסĳЩǼǮġ
ΪˣǼȨƲûһǮƫƫѧԺֹƵϸԺЩڼｿĹӸǣڳʳ棬Щͷʹ
ڣúһСѾͷһϢ
ĽݹӵСѾͷѾĳʳɺóˣֻҪһЩǮÿ춼ЩóԵء
һϢǮĹӸͶˡÿʳһЩˣʣһЩˣתһ߶
СѾͷĲˣ˾Ͷĸʹ͡
СÿյʱСԲõЦݣļλСүָ͸ɢˡ
ѽѽʲôⰡһҲ壬ڸҲã̫óˡ
ȴ㹽óЩ
͹ء

ˣһ˿һýŶ
⣬һ̿žɫζˣһȺԺӵүǣθҲԽԽˡ
ʼǮˣѾͷүġ
ңҲģٶһЩʳ
ǮһСԲЦ˻Ƕ
ллݹͣллҹͣлл͡
ǮүӾǺð־һСһһģſÿϵķãǿһܾ׬öࡣ
ȥһ»С׬ʮҵء
ÿϣģǵĽ˯ºһͳһһżŵƹһɵЦһ󣬲ŰװǮ棬§ҸЦ˯ȥ
ʼĽҲûע⵽ѾͷĲ
ֱһ£ֻҪȥ淽㡣
һţСѾͷ§Цļ۶ġ
һ۶סˡϽ
ݹӣ
Ͻ´վһ߶һСĽġ
Ľз۾һ ǰȥ
񺹡
ֶáԲ



ʮ£Ǯû

׽η壬ĽζŨ
ó
һ䣬üһСĸζײС˺üأ󼫲ʵó
ȣʵ͸߷ڵˣһСǮǿ۵ġ
СӵѧԺѧһСľͻͼ̣СҶƬɶġ
ģһͱ˼ҵСͯвʮƬҶˡ
ǿʵˡ⣬˺Щ죬ӣ
ӣĽƵ˵룬ӡֻǿѾͷȴ͸ζһ
ʹ̫ء
յϽɫ
ˡ
ǰɻģ¶Լ㡣󣬸ղűܷӦ̫ԡ
ү߰ɣҲںߺţǿӲŤ
ǣĶȴĽףСѾͷƬǲں൱ں
۾һתתˮٻվߵϡ
ʵɣү治ôںôһЩСǮ
ȻԭԴıӣŲŲСԴ϶Ҳ¶
СѾͷеĽŬЦ
Ҫ˵ɣֻҪСүһˣǮǴС
ƣڱߺߣҲԼģõĲ̹
Ľü䡣
ɣÿ죬̺Сүˣһµ׵ʱģǮ㣬ȻСүǴа
ʧ⻰
ӳһ㣬¶һ˫˷ܵĴ۾Ӵ˻棿
ĽӲͷȻ̧°ͣһмӡ
СѾͷΪЦ۵ֳӣڿҪȲ裬ҪҪɶģ䣬Ҹ׼һȥ
СѾͷ˵ţŰɫ¾æţǵˮǸӡ
ڵĳ̶ȣĽƺˣүƽʱԵĺȵõԭķͲȣ֮
ߵسӣĽƵ´ʱ򣬻ǳѾͷ۷ŹĲ
Сүˣ߶ˣ̰ƣСүѵѾͷҲĲã
ʮİ꣬һöǮźá
ҲΪһ־УҲһҪ飬ҲǮɶġҪߵһСѾͷ޷㡣
ʶԼȻôںСѾͷ뷨аúĽˡ
ôүΪôһЩư֮ȥġߣŲء
ڴ齵,ȴòţôܰλħүൽ;
һֱæµʰԼ̺ˣԺ۸ˣһȽ˳ӣţ뷨ȻеƫҲǲܰ쵽İ
һĿ꣬ʼһεĵ
ӵȱٵʲôȱٵģʲô
ǰһľ飬ܽѵʼԵĽС
ƽʱӦķ̣йػʲôģҪġ
λүеʱʵȥ£ұĬ·ߡ
ʱǮҲһ
һĽƴŽɣǷİǮ٣ȫȥ١£ÿζ۵Ļš
ʼĽƻѾͷǮԼ
ﰵĵһⷢ˼ķĲıĽġһĽƾͱгɾ͸С
ūôֻˣСүܿ˳һЩ
⻰СѾͷίĸһӵӣ͸ǿƵġ
չ飬ĽƻЩˡ
ԥóСһ
ʱ䡭ҲҪһЩȥš
ٽӹСͶ俪ʼˡ
үˣĽݸﶥгϢ˰չѾͷĲͰˣ㻹ᱻ˵İҲΪү㿼Ŷ£˼ҸһŶţĻš
˵ү
Ľơ
СѾͷ̯֣Ǳ飬˵һС
Ǹҡ
ǣСѾͷбϹмӡʵ򣬻ǡ˵ţʵϾ˰ҵү
ߣ˵ĽҪ˵ҰˡǿСѾͷͫƾ
ͳ˼ҵϣô˵Ǿȥ˵ɡϰĺӣȥء֮࣬ѾͷǮҪΪܲԼԼжѽôõ˶Ӵ
Կ䵽еˣе㷴ӦǡʶǸΪԼһЦݲãҪѵ竣
ľһͷô
ûеõǮ뿪ѾͷĽԲˡ
ȻѾͷҪ̵ѽѾͷһЩͷԣ֪ү
Ҳĳɾ͸УλүãʵżѾͷūɶģҲͦгɾ͸С


ʮ£˭˭

ʮʱĽλ̫үһ淨ūţལɣǰǹ龫֣㿴ž;ǿūš
ߣжԲߡ
ԼǱƣܽѵյóһ飬竣ʵҪ̸Ƶġ
Ϊˣʼģû¶յλܱ꣬޾ͷ𣬲С͵ըүǰ
Ųʮֵ˼һ
ӣЩǼ㲻ܹǿ飬ʵÿЩ֮ġΪʲôҪ࿴Ļ磬ʵǼеġΪ㲻ֱ滨磬ױۡ
ΪǽѾͷҪĽ̵Ҳࡣ
λڸܸɿ¶̫̫ȵ̣º󽻴ģҪùӶʶȵһҪ̵
λ̲ĹүöʱֵǸ¿ΪˣѾͷòķʮֵΪ泶֮
磬˵ģҪһۣҪҲݲ˽ŵ˵ֻ뵽ӸŵȤӶʶ滨ٻҰݲݡ
ɬһЩôЩݴ򽻵ЩնҲŮ˲ϲ
ҧ̬Ȳ䣬ʰЩ֦
ӣͲ˰ɣԣ׬ǮŶһᵽ׬Ǯ۾Źâ
ཱུСҧģž͡Ľ޵¿ǡ
ȻСѾͷƬЩүģߣߡ
ǣЩնԷＫ㣬аʱһݣԸӣүȷʵҪҾͱȥ͸ڵˡ⻨ҳǰ֮ġ
ѻͱˡ
Ľһ;ӬһСѾͷߺߵӣݺһţУȥûҵԺĻ˭Ҳ͡
ˣϲקסӣӣҴЩˡ
ĽһƻӿŤˡ
Ǹ߰ٺֱЦ
ʵɣƤͬ˵ģοҪô¿ŵء
̸Ǯѧֿ֮ʼæµĴݵ
ÿ죬ĽƴӿùῴһСѾͷһѻ赱С
һһǽˮҪôǼҶƬżԺʡ
ʵʱʵСѾͷæµӣҲͦܵġ
ԻķÿҲỻһµĻ
ģҲϰһɵĻ㡣ÿ峿⻨
۾ľһŬŵĻһЩⰻȻֲ
ֻҪһжѾͷͻˮ裬һϲܽ
ӣˣģȥתƵʱ治ģôԳôÿôȡҪģҳкʱЦеĳһġ찡࣬ҪǸů˵ǿ϶ĽҺþõء
泳
ҲֻһͷٺЦһƳһ۰Էĳүߴ˵쿴ĳҪĳ˵ȡ
תĽƾֹ
˵Ůô˵鷳һС飬˵졣һ仨һˣһݣչһһ
ҲϰߴͣѾͷүıԹû̫Ӷ෴ģֻǺ档Ҳ˵û
Ҫ˵ܣѾͷǻͦġ
߶Ͳüįүƽʱѧҵ̫ˣڸΪ¶˳ġ
Ѿͷ߶ʵҲͦõġ
Ľ۾һɡ
ǳѾͷе𣿡
ѵ꣬һţĪһȶɰίġΪʲôүƢԽ̺ءѹѾͷ˽£ǻֹү⻵ƢүҲȷʵǻ͸˵Ƣ
ӾһһĹȥĽƻϰԿ
ԴëΪȤ
ǣһ죬ദʱΪĽƱʾܿѾͷƬӣū澵ʱ
ˡ
۾ü׵ĵ۶
үҸǰ˵ɣһࡣҸǰĬˣ˵ǸưͣûҪ¶ɣ˵Ĳԡţɶɶү۶Ҳظȥ̺÷ˣүء
Ѿͷ˵ţתߡ
ǽģĽƵ۶ҲûӦ
ɶ˼˵˵ɶ˼һѾͷƬӣҾЦǸѾͷǸūţ˴Ǯ˴ƣһӾôˡ˵дд𰡣ˣôžôţűţ



ʮ£ʰû

ͣɥı졣
Ҳ֪ܾѾͷȥ
Ҫʱ߶Ϊѿô졣һ룬תʼĳ
治ܻȥ嶯Ļȥ÷޹⡣һҲɨ˵ӣʱô죿ӵĻ˵ǲôǡȷʵҪ̺ǵİŰ
ҲҪߡСѾͷƬӳЦ
ĹĵİѰһӡ
ؾͲأߣҲΪճˡֻӦķڵͺá
ôԶѾͷĨת뿪
ͷĽƹݣǶšŰʰСѾͷһŤͷˡ
ǸûѾͷƬӣССūүҶߣүûƽϾͲˡ
ĽľãүôõˣȥӴ
ĶԵѾͷˡҪͷţ¶Ҳŵġ»ú˼ţʱôʰѾͷƬ
ĽΪԼ⡣
ǣӣǿҲˡ
ͷ죬̫Եĸо
ǵ죬һŹͺͺĻӡ
һŨصζЩһꡣ
˵갡үô˶
˯Եɵɵ꣬Լүߵ۾³򣬿Щ̾
үΪĻ辰ɶģѾͷˡ
ˣĽҧ
ΪʲôҪߣҵ𣬿ɶģģҶĲĸѾͷƬˡ
ŵĸϽꡣ
үүСǸǸСѾͷƬӻأ⡭
ָָ⡣
Ľȴֱͦɶ
Ҳֱ֣ߵǰѾͷˣݺһ齡
ѾͷƬӣҰүĻˣ϶˽
񵭵һЦü
عүūֻ̺үģΪ㸺ݡºūҲ˼ˣү̵ĶԣЩݵģūȷʵûҪķô̺ү
мһ΢ѱӡȴĽһܣ;ϲã²á
꣬˵˵˵˵Ҳ˵ôĵĸ˵ҪôǫţţţޣһСѾͷƬӣôϡģű浱ԼǸء
Դ˵үҪǲںҲøұԹġһСֻ˵ѾͷǸѾͷͰҺݺһȶ
죬Ҫ˵㲻ðҸèء
Ļûˡ
СѾͷҲرأǫӣɶɶнڵģ˿ë
ǣĽƾ;òˡ
Ť
ܾĶ
ǣѼ߶߶ѾͷĲǡǣƵǣλү߶߶Ҳ˵
ֻǱһֱ߶ݡ
СѾͷƬӣĽƹʱ򣬶ʵһ߶ˡСС͵ˮ̺үҪ˵ǺܸɵһѾͷ
ӾôŤŹţãѹֵʱڣһѾͷϲ˵ʱ
ԼŰɡ
꿴͹ĹĵǮӣеԾǹүһֱƿŵĶڲҪˣҪѾͷˡüΣҲпϵʱ򣬹үǮӣһĿЦ͸õɶõһ
ǰЩʱѾͷҪǮӣүһֱŲɺˣ˼ǮҪȥ
Ҳ㶣ǮӣһɨǰĶׯ࣬ЦվѴ§ڻ
л
ллүӼ飬ӿ
ĽǸӴ
ָѾͷƬߺߡ
򣬳һǮӣü۶Цˡǰһ˶Ƿծǻת䰡
СѾͷ§űҲֻǺٺɵЦүʲôūͰ
ĽЦ
үȱǵ밡ü۶һǫǫ
ȴҲ档ѽĲ밡ū澿ɾͽʡˡ
Ľ۾һɣüëһҼǵãԹϲӣζСүͳǵ˰ɡãеϺڵġ˵Ϻʵĸˬڣóԡ
һ˵ҪϺʣӣū澿ջǰ˵ͻ
ĽưһҪˤˡջԿ
ֻʱҪԼĴ˼ССŶͷֻСȣū澣˰ɡҡٺ٣˵ʲô𣬹үūȥ׼Ϻȥ



ʮ£

ȵѧõʱ·Ľƾ䲻ˡ
꣬˵˵Ѿͷʲô԰үǮӣҰɡƫƫ⣬һǮӸˣƽʱŵñүѪˣǴҪҿˡţҪǲӣҲСүء
ֻǺٺЦȴ˵ţҵүūŵĹǮȻûҲϲүǶѽ治泶
ѽӵƱʱ򣬻Ǻһ
Ѿͷô׬ôǮģȻСʮء
ųȥðµʱɡ
µʱ׬ʮѧԺĵطǻЩͣҲôİ
ǴŵŵʱҲֹ˼䡣
Ѿͷǻ¶ģѧԺƾС̨ЩǮ˼ҵӵǣû¶ȥʳǮЩ¥ĻҪ׬Ǯ
뵽Ůӣָ̾
һҲóưĹŮҲҪЩС¶
̾澳ȷʵ˳ɳ
䵽ū͵ĵزҪ¶Ҫǰһȫҵɵǰ̣öŬ
ʱ뽻õ巿λܿҲĹ
ΪܿҲǰūţһαܿһЩ̵Ե巿ԺӣڵһССĹӣҪǹɷһЩ
һƽܱ˵ʵҲܿ߶Եʡ
Ҫ˵ɣС޸⸮ĳһλʵȨҵ飬Ҳ˲䡣ֻϧܳġСūѾͷĸʵȨĿרά˵
Ȼ⻰ѻ˽Ŵ㡣
ŷĽ޵£ʵҲţôһƵĴ棬ܱǷλںүĵλԴӵ飬ػܰﻤһġ
ȻҲ΢Ҳֻš
ϲּǣԴӷҵǰ̽Ľ޵ºҵ˺üء
ңÿζǷҸʹ˴Ŷǰ
һҲͰˡ
ˣ򸮵Ҳе˽ˣ˼ҷҲǲںǸǰЩ¶ˡԸ׽Ҫںˣ϶Ҫġ
ұƣǺ̬ȣ˭Ҳ
ϾҵĶɻ̣ңⶼһѺ֡ҪǰЩ깦ɣֻ£Ҳڱ䵽˵ز
߹ڲս¾Ͱˡ
һս£ҵˣ˵ûΡЩҵ˱⣬öҲԸҶ̫ʵ֪ܣǰ˭Ҳҵ˼Ҿİˡ
⾩ǵķ꣬ҵ˼ĸ²͸һĺүѫҪպ£Ҳһ仰¶ΪԷھǵʵеġ
Щ꣬е޵ģûĸ̫Ե׺ͻȻԷĹעˣǺö˵йעȣҲͶעĽ޵һ߶
һƽ˾Խһ߶÷ţ¶ЩūģҲ
ʹ棬ᵽүһ¶󣬵Ҳһ㡣Ҳ֪һλôġ
գĵȻЩǰȥ̽Էһλ
һ£򸮵ȫԺ𾪡
˶˼£ֻ·Ҫˡ
ѶˣǻóĴڡ
ȻǰǰүǸϵõġ
Ȼǰļ꣬λҲǰǷҵǰ̽Ժ󣬵Ҳʾ˹ذǡǡõ
ǵͰˣƫƫӻͦ˼ģȻƽԺĹ˵һһĻ˵ʲôŹǸ˲ţЩƽ˵չˣ󳤴˶ᱨȡӴǺҸˣĸ֪ƽЩһֱѾŹһ߶ڵߵȴ˵Ƕչˡ
˵ƽˣ겻Ļģ
⻰ü΢΢Цһ˾ˣ̫ڶЩҵ˼е㸴ء
⻰˵Щü̫ףҲ˾ȷʵġ
ڵ˺ԷУС߿ǰ⾫µжЩֿ̿ųŲĽ޵¡
ԶվһƽСּҲվһ߶۶Сӡ
ʱ򣬵õƽԺӷԸǰ̾Źʱ治ġ˭֪Ź⸮ûȨƵĴڡеûеĸܡ
ελǸܳŮҲԺϼ
ǣҰģȴ޷õչĽ޵½ӴһȴЩԸˡ


ʮ£Сİ

ϣŵһѻɫ̾͵ıӡ
򿪣һЩԼһЩƿһƥ˿Сɵĺӣ򿪣һЩ壬бʣԼʮƽ̫ݻҲ̫ˡ
Ҫģˣǹеóĵ
ǰĺӣӣǺʱȥл
Ľ޵ü֡ȥлһССĺͯȥлʲô˾٣ȥĵġ
ĬȻһ롣ôƽǲȥģǲ˵ȥʱƽԸŹӽ
£ǲܵġϾ빬ĹǽãĻᣬƽôҲðԼĺȥź
ˣϽŵ˵һ߶
λССͣô˼άء
ȵĽ޵³ȥɢˣС߾Ϳʼ߶߶ͣ
Ȼֻ˵һЩԵлСȴǸ̾š
˵ǼҹҲǸϻ۵ġϧйˣۼҹӻôأ
Сֻĵһ򵥵Ļȴ˼ӿ
һļū
ūţȻҲֻܿɫ¡һˣҲʹˡ
Ҫģĵܵܣãкļūڡ
ݣȻо׿Ҳйδ
ǣ
һ뷨Ȼɡ
һ߶Сڹ̾šСֹݡ
ֻһͨūŰҪܵõɾͺˡȥ棬Լʲôͳʲôá
С˶ǷĵĿš̬Ҳĺܡ
Ҳһֱڿŵġ
˵ūŵĺˣûпƾٵȨġƽ֮ܿƾ٣Լϲġһӣҿܾ⸮˰ɡϾҲһԾ֦ͷ
ģ׵ıˡ
һԾ֦ͷ
Ĺһֱ̲ԣһٷΪȨµӡ
еֵ˲ţǶɳ£ӴСĴڣܲ¶
뵽Ұġ
Сߴͷһ۵ס
ķȷʵǺð
֪ģĺƽʱճУһЩƲС¡͸ٵڣԼò˵Ұı㱻̼
һڹӵ飬Ȼƽ¡ʱգӳշ˴ˣǾһ˫һĴڡ˲ţҪ
С˼ʱǰԺȴߺ
Źӣƽ˵ԽгԾһǰ㡣
С⻰Ͻܳȥ

ţŰá
ȻҲͬūţǶɿɰСѾͷЩϲġʱĽ޵ߵСǸġ
Ҳϲһѡ
СǸûģ̺žүٲǵĺô
ǣšСǡô¶һЦڿԶһŭвʵĺεƽʱǰԷЦ
һν㰲ŵ;ŹַϷڻЧء
ƽ˲ľʹ˰Ľ޵·λǰɣֲ̫ڹ̡ѡģͰѺεƽ˽
һǸеεˡ
򣬺εƽƺϲĽ޵£һ̵ض̡
ƽ˿εƽܷˣвܵĴڡȻһЩΪϲֻʹһЩСݱ԰յ¡
ֻǣƽôҲ뵽λĽ޵£ʵʦͽϵȻƽ˲֪ǸˣҲ֪顭
лĽ޵£Ҳ൱̾Сơһλĺܡ
Ǵһʼȥεƽǰƽ˺ͱ˵ĹעǼַӣһЩ˰Ѻεƽ˲͵ǰ
ӴԺǰһѡ
Ľ޵¸侲лѸӺĻϲѡתʱ򣬿źεƽʱһ
קסӵ½
ţɰͷ߰գ˵һеĹ¶ȴƫҲҪѧѧ
ӺǺǵЦ
һ߶εƽһ
޳С㵱ҺεƽԸ̵Ҫǿڷ˵϶Ҳ㳯ԣ̵㣬޳޵֮ˣѧĶ
ԣȴӵԵ
Ȱòװúεƽȴס˵һ컰


ʮ£Сүĵ

С£Ϻν̵ĲãĪҪ𷣡
һð˵˼ɲô±ⰲһתȥ
ƽҲǰ˿
á
ҿǺεƽʾãԺйԷһλ飬Ҳǰ֪һ
ʵ֮ԻᰲźεƽΪҪĹһǰǺεƽвȥġ
ú󣬾¹ѧԺʱ򣬵ʱͰСź⼸ģһȥӦһɡ
ƽᵭ˵š
ȴӲ⣬⣿СſûѧʶְȥˣɲǶô
ƽһ״̯֣⵱ĸ׵Ҳںûĺ˵ʱ򣬿ɲ͵õЩô
չǳڷߵ˶һ˼ˡ
ЦūûˣϺͿء
ѹûĽ޵ȥӦϣ˷ȥӦԣ˿ġﲻ밲Ҵ˾ôа㣬͸̧һԷġ
˾ң棬˶ǰִŰף¡
һ߶̺ĳӿϽȰο
׿ΪԷһλС²ģ
˵ɨһЩƽӹĶӣź롣
˾ҵĶɣһλĹעѽǣĪ̫ҵ˼ʱһϸСĶһ˾ңĲء
˾ͨĸϽף漸ˣȥΪ
˾סȻΪƽӹһЩʤڣТ˳Ҳسɡҵ汼ͺãǸֵ̫㣬Ľ֣Ƿһˡ
һ룬˾־ԼʵҲͦá
ƽƴǸӣڣʲô
뵽ү̬ȣЩüԼŮûס˵ģҲϲλҲֻͽ̾κΡ
˾ͨӦ󣬱Ͻȥհ졣
ƽүĻ󣬳Ĭ˰죬ЦŽӡ
ʲôǶšôЩ꣬ڼһЩ谮һЩүο䵽˵ز
뵽ĺݺķӡ
һߣӵֻ
ƽ˷ȴǲòԸˡС̺տԷһλ
תӸֹ
ʵɣԭ;ҪǺȥμӦԵġ˷ҪӻԵĻǿ
ţȴƵġ
ƽһҾͲܳŮӣΪλᱻүΪܳ衣
ȻôֻܵһءҪǰүȥˣֻ»һֱǸҵݡ
ݺүȥĶ磬ƾڵķ˱еĻ鸮Ȩơ谮ƽֻǺүڶŮеһˡ
¹ѧԺһҪһʱ仹õ˷ܵϢĽ޵ҪȥӦˡ
Ľ޵ҪȥӦԣζСҲʱ˺򸮵棬ҿΪǵ
һ뵽ԺչСߣΪ壬ͻֵֻСһ
˶һЦ
Ϊ˵Եʣ񻹿һ軨Ľơ
үһ軨ˣɵúúչŰ
һ軨ôүϡģĽƲмĺܣǻ֣ʾѻӹ
ѾͷƬ͵ĶôҲġ
ˣ죬ү֪һ軨Һòײֲɹʮѧʿأ㵱ͨĲ軨һֻӾͲͳӣֻ꣬һˣ㻹Ҫū澰ա
ίҪͳȥ
Ȼ򣬱ŲհײյĵĽĻٻȥϲ̿һīɫĲСѾͷƬ͵ģӾΪ°աҪѾͷƬӿޱӿŪ
ĹĵŤչԼĲ軨ȥˡ
ǰΪչ˹軨һĸλŴԾ֪ô
ȵתĽǰĲӡ
갡˵ǳѾͷƬ˵ôãүôƭ˵أ
һͨĲ軨ΣҲһЩԵ濴
ҲֻͷүҾͳѾͷֲĻģرϲ죬ϲ
ϲ죬ϲĽ΢㶣ˣȷʵϲүĵȷʵϲģѾͷһ
˵ţһŮȴỺĽʱһȾ˵κ졣
ĵĽݹӣ



ʮ£ûλ

Ľͣǲ֪ôӻˡ˵ϲĵǣû˴ĵŮ
Ůɬ˦˦ӣ̧Ӿ͵ڵϡ
ֱԶˣĽƲе㲻Ե꣬ꡭүǣһˣ
ݺݵͷ԰԰үҲŮ˳۾֪үĺء
һүɵģ˳ְӼ
үҪҪ£
ĽƵͷһ̧šеĵһ鰡
һιĽͽԺӣһֱһתš
һֱæвˣջϴˣٴһߵ˵񣬱һֱڸתƵүε۾
ԣ˼ҰӵݵǰȻûעֻǲͷĻֱĻ
ȣѾͷ㿴ָǲӦüѽ
ӵݵǰȴǵɨһָۣ׶á
̵˷ָĽҧˡ
Ѿͷ㿴ǲǲѽ
˵ְ꣬棬ԶæšŲһ͡үǡҪѾͷƬǰ԰ڵģ
ǣôɵүܸɵ¶
ֲͷ̧ͷƳһĳλүطûţǻ֡ġ
һٵĺԣĽǿŻȵӴ˲ܵһ˺һתֽӡ
Ѿͷүڲˡ
̧ȣݺվǰưһ㲻עңСүһֱôļơ󣬲Сλү̵ģ˸ŮһģľСô
ĵĻӴһһɵϴܵġ
ȣүô˲һˣ
һߵ꣬Ͻүص
һѣſĽ޵һתһתģеӸùĽӣûʽء
ȡ겻ϳԼüŪۣˡ飬λүӵġ
ɰ
ǿұ֮ǻһȵı顣
ѽѽʲôӰſ澫¡
⻰ĽƲżǫǫӦһһˣֻ˼͵ģǿ°ɡ
ϽԽȥˣȴҲӦλү
ѽѽôµүȴ˵һ㣬ѽĽݸܳѽ۽Ⱦǲһĺġǻ˵λأ
ѾͷϵʶˣĽƵ泩
˦һĵĹɡѾͷ˵ˣҪôأ
ΪʲôѾͷޣ֣ܻϲӡĪģССʧˡ
ŶԭĵﰡѧԺӵĹ˵֪ʶ񣬳ҲŶүϲȵ󣬿ȥ׵ѽ
ѽѽѽĵСǸ˵ء˹λүɲܽôһ룬Ļϲ
һϲ˫ƯĴ۾ЦϸϸģСǸɫһٵһ
뿴СѾͷޱӵүǱСѾͷ⻶ϲˡ
ߺߵģͻȻӡ
Ҫˡ
Ǳɵӣʼ磬˵ĶԣүЩʱǲô̺򡣡
ΪȻģҾǰүôԾ
үǲôء
ǾôԣҲ˵
صĽѾͷĵЦǾ÷ĺܡ
ѾͷƬӣүϲôĵġӦѹô
תƿɵԺ
һЩƣ㰦̾Լɻ˵˳
˵ɰƽʱұõļãǻǺηӦ
̧ͷƳһۡ
Լҵıǡ
רŶĳһλýϺãģӦûԴף˵ЩỰɡ
ĽƸˡ
ǶԷ˵Ựһλãô¶
Ĩ˽ĵΪλĽݹӣ˶ˡҲ֪ļҵСѽ
ֻɣλãûλðȨƵĹӣҲûϲʱ򰡣 ȻǹƽģҼ㣬СϲӰ
ûλã
뵽ѾͷǶԼ˵ģӣõĹүġҲܳĹӴѾͷӡ
ЩǺǣԵģ˼ҲֻһЩ򵥵ķлԭѾͷģʵûԼλá
ôһ룬һֱĺĹӣܴ衣
ԽԽܡڵ߷һӱȥѾͷȥ


ʮ£Ť

ʵѧԺԺӲ󣬵ĽĵػǺõģԺ䶼
Ͱ߶ԺȫϸɫĻܡ
̵ģ׵ķ۵ģһԺϲ죬ž˾泩
ϲľǴЩÿЩ˶˸ɾʵǣһЩֵٵǮɾ졣
ҲϲЩ˽ҲԼԺռһЩطȻԼֳĻûĺÿʶһʱ󣬱ʹ˸ǳ
ʱڻдСһĴڣȤ
ƫǸвס˶ͼæţǰǸĺ
Ī˵Ц˰вס˶ǱߣҪġҼҹҲԸšǸ˶
ԭĽƣѾͷڵ˿佱ԼǽŲҲͳٻࡣǰƭоɢȥԽԺʱɫͲôơ
һƼĽԺϽһȹ˳Ժ䡣
Ҳλүɫƺôõ
չū澣ҲϽݶ˲йġ
ӣЩİա
ԡ
ĽưͷһŤ
ǣҪЩ
Ҫͳͳߡ
㣬Ͻߡ
ת㲻̫λүǰ֡ǣ㱻Ĺүɾš
ȥˣСү𣡡
һµתϽԹվһ߶ٴڸС
λүСһƢԶǿ
ͷԣηվڽĳѾͷƬӣ۶һɡ
үȡ
ǡ
ӭЦϽǰԹԴȡ
ߵĺ˵СĽƵĸˡ
СѾͷֵצţ᲻صģʵͦϸᣬй˵ϮСѾͷ찮ǰԼʰġ
ԼһЩ¶ˮû¶ͷϵģֻҪйȻܰϮ
ƽʱĻǺܰġ
ɽҲ֪ô¶ľǷĺܡ
ͻȻ߬СѾͷĸ첲˵һǲĴ㣬Σ
СŴ۾һ
ǳܵĽëزͷ·𼴽ĵһֻҪһɷ磬ܵزۡ
촽⶯ӲȻ
ӡĪĪҡ
Ī
һˮʵ˰ա
ЩÿĪңҳĺܡ
ջǡݲʮ꣬һһССѾͷƬӣЩ޴룬Ȼּں㺡ûǣͷվһߵСѾͷƬӣɫȻ
Ǻλү۸ǣ߶ӣҲ֪Ӧ
軵˵ĹӵܣģʾȰԡ
ڰȷ棬һסÿ⣬
գĽƽ˺һӣǸίվڽѾͷ
һ塣
á
վȶˣСѾͷڰͰ͵ٰںӣǰĹһ߶
˵һƬģ¶ΪӦءҪδ
۾Ź⣬̧ͷ˷ܴǰꡣүԭΪô
Ȼһĵط
Ľסͷš΢΢Щ졣
е˼գϲ߶ƲŰɣĻšǿˣ־òġڵֻ֪Ӧʱȫµ˶ңµĻ
ݺݵͷ
үڡ˶ˣϲСӣʱ䣬¾Ҫء
ƣͨϲáƺҪ˶Ǽֵף顣
ǻЦݣǱʲôݺһ¡
Īľ;ʹˡ
Ҳˡ
Ŀ졣
СѾͷȴɴ۾һľѽѽҪԺõġԭүôΰġδ֪˼룬Ǹмģ˲á
˵ЩΣĽҡͷ
СѾͷƬ֪ʲôа
Ҳ֪Ѿͷһ㣬үĴѾͷģѾͷҲϲүġ
ĽЦ
ӴӴ㵽˵˵СүɶſûֵǮ
С죬ĺܡ
ү˵⻰ҲѾͷԭûǮڹЩư֮̫ġǰɣҪϲ㺣˵Ҫ;İѾͷ͵Щһ˵ĵѾͷõĳֵصţƲϣū澾ͰѶߵˣοйү˰۶
СѾͷ˵ţ۾ˮͺСһһĵģֻɰĴСһ
ĽƵģĪˡ֣һק


ʮ£Ǹµĺӡ

ֱͰ棬Сģ˵ıȳĻҪ
šԼ֣Ͻȶ챯߿顣
ӣѾͷǸСѾͷƬӣ㲻ô
ĽƻûôţղŴϲȻһǵľֹʱ飬СĸԺĽ̵ƵģǸɰѾͷƬȴǵѧɶ
ۣСѾͷƬ˲أѲɣѾͷƬñ㣬Ҫıͼ֮£ѾͷƬҲ̫ࡣ
ȵϺϼգССֶ
ããѾͷ̫ϲ¹ү˼зǷ֮ġǾͺãӣѾͷôɵ˶Ĳϲ𣿡
СѾͷӲӵӳǼӣĽƲͷٴΰ֡
ѾͷƬүûŮһ߶ȥСү⻨ͷûļһθڡ
һʧŶѾͷܹɣ˼˰ô
ССţһ˫۾ƳɰĽƸֵģݺݴǶ
ѾͷƬҪաϽȥˡ
ǣӡ
ת˿
ʵ˶Ư˺вԽİռ
λС㺳ȵĽ׶ΣĶ˲һĺøУɲð
ƴڻֹȥȻЦ䣬ҲġֻҪƽáڣ˶ѲˣҲ˵
ȵȥˣĽƲʶԼǻҳѾͷƬ˵ġ
ô˵˵ģҲˣоͳһʺͿʵ
ˣˣԭǸ֮ˣҺοšǸѾͷƬŽ
ôһ˼ĽҲר𹦿
ٿܿ죬㵽ĽݸǣҪȡ¹ѧԺʱ
һģԼױ˺󣬺ЩŷյƼѾͷ
ˣƽ˵һӾʹŷүоŹһǰ
ţһƽһ¹ѧԺȥ
ڼĺͯǶע
ԣΪլĸ˵ǹעãƯˣ׵ġ
ÿɶ¹ѧԺҲǸǵһĸԺпȡ¹ѧԺɶܵĽݼĽһˣҲᱻ˿ؼ֡
ڹܼҵĶˣϣ˲ԽԽá˲Ŷ࣬ζţҵĺУܵİ
ϧһֱĽݼܿ¹ѧԺˣ̫ࡣ
ĽҵԺϵŮÿһҲôҪȥ˵ġȻҲûܿϣȥ˵Ա
ʱԱڴ棬Ȼв¶ʮͯ
ϼԺķǣһʱ䣬ԵúѹѹһƬ
һĵϸ⣬Ƕǵġ
һʱл˽˶ֱͦǾкţСǴк
ɫСЩƮ졣
ʱЩһźȥ¹ѧԺءǿԲأҲùûĺð
ֻǣûкȥΣЩһĵ΢ЦӭżʵȨʲôǿһ˼ָֻţ̧ͷͦС
ߣڲԶǸĺϡ
ǰĺߣǷ˵ȡ
󷿹޵ĺǣμվڸԣǸһݵĺӣԵø룬۵ģȴۡ
ǺֻǴͷվǶȭͷƺܽţֺܺµӡ
ˣ紫׹յĺӣ
ۣΪʾԼ⺢ӵĹذǳ֡
¶߶
ĺû̧ͷвԶһקק·ء
С̧ͷһͨ졣
á
ȻļɰġǣǻµӣĶʵĲϲ
ԭ⺢ǸõģҲ뷨ӣıһݵλţҲûϢġ
ɨһۣʮӣһȰͷ
׼ˣ
ˡ
УǾ͸ǳɡǿˣԺĶ͡ѧԺǸˣܵõʮӵĽ˵ܵõȥر䡣
ЩڳĶʮӣ
ֵɨһ۽ǸµĺӣʱϽͷһӲǰӡ
ҡͷٲעǽĺӡת¹ѧԺȥ
Ľ޵ȴǰ߬ȭͷ
С㣬ҪѧԺء



ʮһ£ƽ˫ϲ

ʮֺ߳ĽݼҴţѪҶϣڵ棬һǻƽɫҶƬǻ˹ҡҷˡһػƽҶ
Ľ޵üԭͳڵ٣һѾõЦݡԶĽݳ̧ͷƼһЦ绨ݡĴǶ˵Ų
ˣ⺢ӻʲôأקסԼҺӣЩԹ
ĽݳګګӦͻȻָǰĽ޵µıӰ
ǸܵÿЦر
˰Ľ޵µıӰƲ죬ôÿкãû۵ġ
Ϊʲô
ôΪʲô㻹ǶĿ״ɡСҸ㣬ǿĲãһɲˡ
һ˵ûԣĽݳϽѹעһԹѧԺȥ
翼ˣɼ
ǿĺǣᱻͻؼҡ
ĽݸǰһͣǰѯʸԹϵõġ
˵ҲչذһЩһ
ɿĺˣ
Ҿÿĺá
øոأаգ
ҽǳаյġ
ǺǺá
ʺ̵꣬ǰǸͷǰСӰϡ
С޵ߣһʹӡ
ΨϹһˣڣһˡǰҲֻǼмһġ
Ǹ¸ɿˣüǿš
С޽ŲЩֿ̿ңҡ
ͺӣ̺ǺһЦԴϡ
޷ˣȥԡ
ԶƽűϽӭ
¸ˣ
ʼ磬һĪҪٶʵ顣
޷޷ģֻҪ˱áƽûⰲοš
̱һλ˵УͻݵŮˡΪ˵үôļҵĵĸˣ˸Ů˵
Ϊλһֱûĵӷųȥԣˡ
¸Ҳǲ׵ĺģѧԺ汻üΧء
ѧԺĺӣ۵ľӶࡣĽ޵û̺ˣЩ۸һ㣬ţҲûֻǸȥ¹ѧԺӦԱáڸܵĴθɡ
¸Ǹϻ۵ģҲŵء
ƽ˲̲һ仰ָĽ޵ܷϲǣĲãҲ˶ѡ
ڱĴңҲ˵⺢ˣԼҲֻ
üֻɨһλͻݳƽˣɴѾͷȥˡ
Ľ޵¸һصԺС߾Ϳ˳
ӣɿģ
Ľ޵һǰηģһ˫۾Ӳӵģŵͷ
ţһӦûᱨˡ
¹ѧԺԣ翼ˣܳ
صĽ޵ڴ齣ǰС̽ͷԼģ
ȻôΧۣȴһ۾Ƽ
Сƺû뵽ԼƼʱһ£չ绨ЦݡõġѶȺġ
С㣬ڿˡ
Ե
һ߶СȻţȴ˵һͻкϢʱɫҲϼ
̫ˡȿȣܿСء
仯Ͽ죬ԺˣҲǰһ⡣ԣСĸɻ˵ĺǳ˺ûļպ纮ˡ
ң̥жҲЩ⼸ʹʱ
Ľ޵֪ţûͬȥԡ
ķԸȥԵȥˡ
ʱһֱѧԺǰСӱ˻
̣ѽ
ŶˣǸм¼ȡģ
Сĸ
ɶĸ
ԭŵȻĶ̣⻰ҲǱɫβסĿϲ
ǳиոˣ
ء̣үиүˡ
һ߶ķϽʡ
ҼҵıУ
һЩ
ڨڨ£Ǹģǻ˭ѽ⸮û˵ĸĳɼܱҼѽ
԰⼸Ҳżˡ
һ۰ͰͿⱨŵĸ
ʵǣǶԼĺӶû̫ġ˵ǻϣ
һλǨү
ǨǨ
ƽ֣ϲĲ˹ȥ
ϲƽˣϲƽˣһγ˫ϲ¶ء
Ǻǡãáƽ˻ϲĲӲ꣬ȻƽʱҲǴϻ
ȻҪ¹ѧԺ»ǲеġ˭뵽һǨͿءһⳤ棬Ƕһݶ¹ѧԺѧϰˡ
Ϊ̫˷ܣԣûע⵽Сǰ㱨Ϣ˵˫ϲŶ



ʮ£ӷ

ˣС˵˫ϲŶһߵ⻶ϲĶûע⣬Ͻһ䡣
˫ϲкϲ֮УƽҲʶԼʧ̬ˣϽɫѯʡ
طˣɵĺģǸĵ¹ӣҲ¼ȡ!
˵˭ƽЦᣬӶһۣ˴ﶼ˲š
طˣǾŹӵү
ƽ˲վĽ޵£¶
ƽ˵ʧ̬ǰ㱨СҲɫ΢䡣
ӣβԣϽһ˱ϲСӡ
ˣȥɣǷ˾̫ˡ
أϲ¶ѹַ˻ʧ̬ġ
СӵͣϽת뿪
ƽ˵ɴ۾ֺۣݺſӡ
裬ҴҴˣˣĽ޵ô
ӣһΪˡʱһˣ¹ôţĽ޵ƽʱԼıµġƶǣôԺ֣һдһƪ֮ġϾ¹ѧԺĳѧˣҲҪһ򵥵˵ġƫƫںԺҲֻεƽһġ
ƽЦŽӣ˵ԣѽǱ˼ƭءе˵Ļˡ
Ӻ棬뵽Ľ޵ƽˣ˵һº󣬷˾˳ȥѾͷһ̺ˡֻһϵһС
СȻֵĺųȻȴͺ˵ҪǸλãһĸҵʱֻǳմ˵ΣڿСӣı¡ССͣԼʵѧؼʱ̣һˡٶԻ᲻ˣˣֻһʳԵƣư
ҲǴ󾪡̾һССĺͯܰģк·㵽ز⣬ֻһżĺͯô
ԷˣڴԲ̫ǣעǱġҪ˳ɳÿЩôأô
ƽ˽յӵͬЦˡ
ȫ飬ȷҪɳͿԳɳġжٵĺӣ;·زӴ
οΪһۣﲻڵĺͯǣҡֻҪʩһЩСƣǻ۳ȺΣգһСһ룬ƽЦˡ
ţ㻹Ӧζô¶¼ȡˣôҲǳһϲ¶ʳӵ˶׼ˣ¶꣬Էһʳ
ӡ
ԺһԺӱ
֣
¼ȡˣ¼ȡѽ¹ѧԺ¼ȡˡ
Ľ޵µһЦš
Ƶٹӣе㷴Ӧǰӣѵ̫˵ģ
˰Ľ޵üͷּΡȻĵӣֱһϷҡͷ
ʱ滳ɹǲǲżĺͯǻһһϢ²ǵûϲء㵽Ǻãġ
Ľ޵΢΢һЦ̧ͷ貶ĿӽԭҵУкο˷ܵģ
һ£ҭĹǺҲǰҹԭŵˡ֪һϢкοġ
ңҲ²ⲻȥԺԷգ
СС飬ֿʼд
ȷʵǣ
ţȥ׼һЩ˵ֲѣһҸȥ
⡭ǡסֻãλӵ˼Ŀ͸
ǲԶСţתת
ȣѽһ˻᲻ôѧĶģ
ҪʵţһȥѧԺ
СһӾ˷ˡ
˼˵ҿ´ȥѧԺˡ̫ˡ
Ľ޵бһۣҪȥҲð˲
һᣬһģȿȡ
Сһﲻᱻʵ顣
Ľ޵Ҳ˵
ʵйӦԣˡھҪ¹ѧԺʱйôѧдֵ飬עҪһ͵ġ
ҹĽ޵ƽʳҲǳĬá
ֱƽ̾˿
ӣδձ䷼
ǰˣӡɾʹ˷Ź
䡣
ƽɫࡣ
ôһֱǣǸгġֻϧ¶ɵ̫硣һֱƽںԺܻĳһЩһԴˡ
һ뵽ԼǺѧĶǺӾȻ˵һ׺ˣһ̵ֱ
ĺţ
Ȼ޷ȡóţңɳ֣οҪԼĶһ
ɱ⣬ƽ˵ٿ֣վһߵͷһĶ


ʮ£ʾ

һϢʱѵͣ֡˵ʲô
˺ð죬ڲŲǺȷʡ
ڣղСǴϢ˵ԷһλǱ¹ѧԺ¼ȡء
˵š
̺ӿΣ¡
ֱֻʣһˣͣ˼۾ϢҴľɫ
찡ſһļڶϧˣôĻ˴죬ζŰ䰡

ĸĽݸһ꿼¹ѧԺĺӣʰһ£׼ѧԺȥ
һȥԶסһ߶Ժ氲´Էһסˡмǵãݵóȵ꣬Ľݸλ곤һЩĸѧԺǱӵһԺӡ
ĸˣСǶֻԺס
ңĸҲĽһӴ̺ġ
ҲȵסĺáĵطһסӣңܴСʹӡ
ԷʲôģСʲôģʮֵһ졣
Ǽסˡ
ĸһش𣬶ŵͷɨһĽ޵£Сţ
Ľ޵´ǰ̧ͷ۾λƽ׽˵

ɬģ͸ĺߵкĶЩˡЦЦԴϡ
ܲѧԺúѧʱ򣬾͵
ƽǡǡ⻰ɫ΢΢һ䡣
⼸̣Ǳһλεĳƽˡ
Щ̿ӣ⸮ĸ
ǣƽأһɹ檷λƽ޷ˡĿǰΪֹһĸݶȷǶҪȻĽ޵£ֻ»治ء
յº͵ЦݣĽ޵µ۾΢΢Щʪлл
⺢ӵӣЦĸʴˡ
һСӣʲô׵ģԼȥһЩЩӦģҲôһ
ʾãǮ
λ˵Ŀģ治Ҫ̫ԡ
ƽ˵ɫһΰˡ
ӿĪҪٺ˵ĶƽˣӻЩʧġ
չǸŮ걻ںԺѹŹ̡ܽ飬۹ҲöϵķŵĳԶ
⵱ô̵ҲûЩĽ
ȵĸӶˣŻתƽ˵ͷ
ҳţ¶⺢ӻͦɰġɩƽʱ̫æµǺԺѵİɡ
ƽɫѿЩǣǿǿЦţءЩҲǲܹʵǣҲ֪ү߶
̶üɨЦݸӺݻ
ţҾǻһĿǣԺúүۣ磬һ߶ܼ֮
˵꣬ǰƽ˵֡ɩӰЩأʵɣźǣүġǣү߶Ҫһ΢ĵŮġҵǾãɩ߽үĵġ
Ҫܾ˾ƽӢ⻰󺱼ûȡ԰Ҫģץס˵ġǣһֱһ̫ݵλĹܺӵ
ӺӿŮ˵ĶԻҡͷ
˰ˣȣչҪء
̤Ľ޵ȥĹ⻪ҪСء
һεʾã˼ĺġ
ҲǣϥֻһСͲĶӡ
Ϊֹ
ȻѶүܵĽûĶŮȥչǲ̤ʵİɡ
ΪԼǸĶһĴڡȻõѡ
үҲվһ߶ġ
Զһ㣬Ҳ뿴ȫ۵ˡ
㱻һ΢ֵĺӺȳ⡣
Ľ޵ƵȻͫɨһۡ
СֺƽʱڼҲǰԵ˵ģզȻһɨηľ˵ű׵ĻҪ¡ǽţСԱ
ߣҾ˵㣬֣׵ҲҪˣһҶ
СӴɤŶš
ӣһ¶£˷ܵɫһĮһ²ѵӡ򣬴򰡣뿴Ǵء
˷ηкӹš
ĽݳĻ̧ͷ̧ȾĽ޵ѹ
ǣûѹĹ־ͱС޺ݺ߬ס
㣿
һ̣Ľݳһִһֻǯǯסְա


ʮ£Ϊ

磬̫嶯á˵ô嶯ǱûԿǺã
С޵˵ţɿʱһǡ
Ȼûжֻ֣һ֣˵һ仰˲䣬Ľݳȴֱ߶ŵĴ
ղС޵ۣȫ䡣
ԭĻĪѹ¡У˵ûԣԲܷϡ
˿ϷĽ꣬ȴ΢ۡ
߬ȭͷЩӵɨһĽݳ
Ľݳº󣬲ͻȻʶһ⣬ΪʲôҪǸϵĻ
ι㣬ô֪Ұģ
Ľ޵´ޣֻǵڽûһ
С㡣
ڵʱСܻǶöϢ
⸮һСЩƽʱ飬ʲôʲô
һ̣Ľ޵²ףСС߿Լ˵⸮˺£ʵҪġ
С㣬ҾҪء
һǰѧԺʽ飬ҪŻᱨġ
ǰѧԺһӦһ»
ҲĽǰϤ
ΪͽϳĽƣĽݼһǺдɵġ
һֱΪִ󷽣ŵǣԺԵ
ĸܵܵһĽ޵£ĽҲһ¡
ЦţĽļ
ҴǽѧԺȥתתתһѧԺϣǾСѾͷһЩԡ
п𣿡ĽݳųԵľ໼С
ĽһȣԵģǰǸͶ̥ġԣһᵽԵľȫ
ĽݳٺٵЦǣûԣܰ
ⱻ˵䣬Ҳ벻ںĲĽ޵ҲﴽʵǸСƨô
ĽƱһĽ޵£¸Ľ
ҲˡĽ޵ɬһЦ
ǳëɨɨ
СҲЩĺɫ
ԭͳļ˶ôһߣžŲۡĽԴϡ㵽ǸѾͷһ㣬˵Ż
СߺˮǷ۵ˮ
˶ǰģɰޣĽֶ˼ѡ
һ֣ߣȥתȥ
Ľ޵̧ͷɨһ۲ԶڻǰԼ΢΢Ц㡣
СĲٹããĽҲûϳ򣬶ˡ
ȥתˣЯС֮ģæȥӡ
ҲСѾͷ̺ŵģͶԴһЩ
ãҽ౲ݡ
ҽ𡣡ǸཱུͬСѾͷԼʮһꡣ
СӶ΢ֵģһԲԲֵģǿġ
Ǹ౲ݵѾͷʮˣһ˫۾棬ǣȴ䣬Ųڵơ
סЦͻȻĽûԼ
ǹеѾͷǽиʲôݼëɶģ治üˡ
ҼСϲʳԾ͸ūȡˡ˵͵۵ġ
СɤҲһ˵Сű£С̾һɰĲˡ
֣ţҲã۵ĲźСǸ츳ģ֪˹
һ߶౲סԳԵЦ⵽Ҳ֪šһĸûԱȵӴ
⻰϶ǿ佱˼ۣɰȴǳ˼ҵѿཡ
üɨһ𣬺ֻվǶЩҲûʲô
Ǹǿͷġ
౽ֺرģ
⻰˵ġ
ǺǣұСߵʱһȺŴϷɹʱҪүȡү뵽ôһر֡˵ˣ౴ſ֣ݣɫ֮˼ţҵδ֣ഺ
ѾͷղŻ˼ţھתҲѧСҽ֡ϵ¶һԭ˵Ц
ۣԭ౽ôءɼƽҲȡġ
ǿɲôˣԺԺҾųЩʲôЩʲôÿճʲôİɡԺû¶Ͷһ֣첹ϴʲôģҲҪһµġ̺ˣЩѾͷְء
౲⻰һתͻȻͰǵĹ
ס
Ѿͷе˼ġ
һҪˡ
ͷȥЦ
ʹ󣬾ԼϴˣģпƵġ౲ɣ󣬻Ҫƿɡ


ʮ£°ͷ

ף౽㵱ǹµô̫ˣԺһǵˡ
𻶿СƣСЦˡ
౲ݵһС°͡ôСҪǲܿһЩʱ鷳ҲЩѾͷǵġ
СȴʱʡŶԭãһΪҪָһأڿ౽ǸҪһЩ
ס
ɨһЦ޹СѾͷƬӺǷУʳһ䣬ȴҲˣӦǰѾͷôôС˼ǲ١
౲Ҳ㶣ЩҲסһ߰񣬡в֪ģ˵һ°գ
񵭵һЦ֪Ķ˵ġСִݣϽкˣȥʰӰɡүǵĴӶʰ׵СǵסЩҪһġ
ûжŹµλã౲ɫźÿһЩʱһ˿䡣
񸧶ֻӣǲ̫ƽˡ
Ȼλ౲µģͻǰն˵ŻܵǮʱʼ˵Ҫȥżʲôġ
Сеһ䡣
ѽѽ౽ȥͣ᲻úöΪǸǿϵĹﰡ
һ£౲ҪžʹաԭֻϽ˵飬ȴһλҲˡ
ѾͷģһཷѼѪСүرϲԺٶ෢һЩ˳ǮС
ӹڴүһԼжصЦݻۡ
лڴүͣ궨Ҫһòʣȡõү̫̫ʱѾͷҲԵһԡ
ѾͷƬǸģ㼪ˣʱ¹ܿĺҲãүǮȥ͹ӶС
ѾͷɾͺġЦĿļˡ
һཱུʱʢĻһۺĴϣŵˮˮۺĽɫֱ볢ǵǸʲôζ
ԶڳԷĽƺĽ޵¿üͷ
ĽֱӰԵߵڴ߶ģүΪ׼ѽôĹΰա
Ľ޵Թߵһ߶㣬ɡ
á
æų˵񣬲ûҲһЦ
п佱ˣĽ޵˷ܵͨ졣
ŹӣٳһЩ⣬һһزˡ
ĽĸϽͷûģСŵ˵һֱãʳ̫಻˻ǳЩʳĺá
еĽСŵ˳ѾͷأĽ޵壬еĲƽȥˡ
ڹӣǹӶЩūġūҲΪóԵӴ
ǡʱһεε
ĽüЩÿԴ
ܵѾͷôôûҽ̵ġ
йĹҪʹ͡
ȻǸģҲáϾĽݸҲһѽ
ڴû뵽һ౲ഺ޵СȻôϡ
ѾͷǻǶһͣС͸죬һ˫۾ˮģҲϲʱҪģѾͷžֹƺЩ٬ԼЦĽ˼ֵ˿ڡ
갬ݵͣզȻһഺСţǹ˵ҲȻ
û⣬ˮǳԼӶôҲСģԺҲһЩóԵ
˵ŻһöͬϸС˹ȥ
౲ǲһСȻ񣬿ҲǰԸ˵ġǰɵ̺СүǸʹţˮһݲһССӡ
׬ѽ
һʱ䣬ŮһŷıЩ
һ˫۾͸ǺһڴڳĹүǣͲûðŽ˵Һϲǣ
ףԭСҲϲԹӶأͻأأһʵ
ĵ౲ݸϽ̧ͷȥƼĽ޵¾µʱЩŹӣ
ɬͷһĵ
Ǵľ͸Ȫˮһġ
Ѿͷôᱻأ
ٿԶĽƽЩ˽ˡ
ֻ£һλ౲ݣǶͨѡɡ
ҪȻôһƯǣԸֲ̫ȵġ
Ϊ˸ӿ籸õġ
磬ǸûйӶЩôΪʲôôһѾͷҪĸֹӶأ
Ľ޵ºһ⣬ԭҪϷĽƽ
ݺݵһЦݽϵ౲һۡСݣĪҪ˵
౲죬ίسڹӵ˸
ū澣Խˡ
̧ͷʱһ˫ˮҪȻ


ʮ£үͷ

ڴ⼸ֵഺ껪ɣഺ˵Ůȴһίһʱ䣬;ĶҪˡ
ѽҿŽһίӣѲɣС˵˻ô
Ľ޵ʱһ䡣
ҲԭѾͷĽƽһӾ̧ȥݺһȾ౲ݵϡ
Сӣɫӵ㷢ˡ
߷ڵϣ౲ݷ˺һӣ໵һˡ
ѽһ˵˻ôĽ޵һա
Ľȴ൱ˡ
౲ݵѾͷԵҪѾͷƬӵ⣬ȻϲǣΪүҲ۸ԼѾͷʱĽ޵ʱҪĶңĽƽòѵѾͷоǲҪ̫ˬม
Сţһ鼦ԡ
һˣһǰԼƽʱԵĺռĽ޵
ദĻ죬Ҳ˿
һ۲ԶСߡ
Сһǿ鼦šԴӵһʱȻС߻ż纮
ǳʳǿǿһЩˡ
ԼļСߣСһ̿ءûղ౲ݵ飬Ҳ⡣
ദˣгԹ飬Ҳⲻ˵ġ
౲Ĳҧ
ԼҲǸСˡ
ҪȻôôѾͷ棬Ψү߶ء
һ뵽ǸƽʱԼСӣ쵱˵Ȼݺһȡ
ıôҲþ
Ľ޵£Թ޳ģȻһٹңɶģȴˡУһЦ˲˵үǶĿ࿴ӣʱҲǲһġߣһȣѾͷġ
뵽౲ݰ޲ѡ
ɲ˿Ҫװ˵Ĵڡ
˸һʹ࣬ôҲûС
ѾͷҴסᣬûҲܵͷ
߬ȭͷȵĽƽʱλһȵѾͷŽŶһһŤشյӸǰ
ӣǲݶԣ㶪ˡ
Ľƽһ뵽ղĻЩ䡣
ҲٸЩӣôҲǺ򸮳ˣûʲôôҲҺ򸮵ˡ
౲ҲĺԼֵ̫ˡ̧ͷһ˫ˮ¶ᡣ
ǣҳѾͷôϡԾѰ˼ѧҵĴӦÿ˼ôž˹ū澵Ĵӣ㷣ū澰ա
˵ţ¹ǵͷ˲ķ飬һĨźҫҫʵۡ
ɨһۣ߬һѡ
ٺݺһ
ˣңֲǲٴ꣬Ӷ㡣
һŵ౲źһЦ纬飬ˮˮ˸ﲨ
ӣū
СӣĪòӣʱһ
౲ݿˣ㽿˹ӻ
һȺɳ극һȥ
ʰЩо֣һ߳ϸܵĺˮ
ӳС϶͸һԲһϸ崵ƵļһɢŵĹâ
ȻζûгȴҲܿŮĽһʱ䣬Ժļ꣬Щ쳣
һһСʰŷĶŻ㣬ȴҲãһȤ
ĽƵз۾ų棬СѾͷʰͳӾܡ
ѾͷءСӣһѾͷɫ˳۶һڶġ
һ룬ֵ۾
СǰʰŶǰܺɨأˮȻҲЩۺܸСһţҲúء
컶ϲģҪĽ޵ˡ
ȻΪүСһģȥæʰվһ߶;綼ˡ
ǰһ棬Žһ档ģһ˴ڽٿЦҧһڵĻϲһ̵ЦüϸϸͺܲԵġƫƫȴ˺޲ššС
ѾͷƬСүҴһȡ
ʰˣĽƾ绹һСʱʱٶ
ϲүûⰡ
۾ӲӵģһԶСָ갡꣬ԵúΪѵӡ
Ľࡣ
ô
ȣǡǰЩ죬ҰַӴȣһֻѽ
˵꣬СѾͷƬӻ۶


ʮ£ϲ⵽ϲ

ĽĿţСүţ
ѾͷƬԷʵأȻǰ͡
۵ͶҲֻԴϣϰ֡
үūˣֻ˵ַĴģӣˡȻҲǸ󷽼ĴҾûһүү߳ȥйͻӴ
ס쿩ЦȻΪȡ
佱Ȼˣһ˫۶ȴǷ
ѾͷƬǫǫšô˼ҹ
Ľݼҵ⼸λӼԣôɪİ
Ľ޵ȴϲһ䣬ǲһҪŮӣҲŲŲġ룬ͣ߳ȥǱãһˣΰӡ
ŵô˵ңһẦߵġһһ㣬ҲСʱģСԺ󰡣ФģԲõġ
ĽݳСɵɵĽƣ˼ʮʺţҳµˣҵ磿
Ľ˦һûۼھô
ȴǼûҪǮֺ˵ٲ⡣෴ģֻҪֻˣкô
үѧķ棬˵ҲǶţġǰ޷̸ۣ˵ۣʶ׿˵ĽݸȻĹӳǺ¶ء
⻰ĽƵĻϲˡһ
ãˡ
צһ壬ϲ͸ˡ
Ҹղ˵ʲôţү󷽵ģȻȫѧԺûһǼ幫˶
СѾͷ˵ĺҲĽһϲͳȥˣŷ񡭡ļҪĶôصĶĿͳȥģ
ֵ΢߹ǣмһɫѪ˿
񣬲˵ҲƷ֮
ĽԥϽͻȥлͣⶫ̫ˡ
ĽЩΣӻɣҲ̫ˡǣġ
ĸ˺ܿ
ӣµģǶ֪˵Ĵ󷽣ˬūܲġ
ϽЦ͹
Űɡ
ѶĳųĹһת
õһ񰡣ϧǹүģⶫū澿ɲ밡
СѾͷί
ĽƵ˳飬ӻһ
ߣߡ
һô˾ˡ
ллӣӴ
СѾͷӹ˵Ϳ
СĲԶСҲſЦˡ
СãҪ̰źаġ
ǰ౲ݣߵֵ˲Ѿͷĥ
̫¼ˣֻ֪ӭµģļˣôһأˡ
񣬻ϲתְָͷ
죬ҵ˰ӵ͡ǰҲС˽ʮˣһµôȥһҵٵǮ˲ˣ治
СѾͷһѵӣϲڴϴ
ۡ
һͷƼü껹СҲһ濴Լ
СĸϽء
ɫһǸŻϲ飬ԿƲס
Ǽͷһ˫˫Ӳӵ۾Ӧ
Ŷԭ˰
࣬ʲôԭˣԭ
ȻСѾͷƬ˵Żѻǣô˵ıء
ĽƸ̾үǿ˵زǸСѾͷƬҲܸѧ˵Фô
ϾͲûдţ㣬ߵҲܵ˵Ӱ죬ĺôĵˡ
Ľ޵Ҳɵɵ㶵ġ
ͷٳССԲ
ͻȻãСƺǿ󰡡ҪôУѵǸ׷Ҫ˵Ĺӣǵ̳ģ
ĽƵĳĽݸļλԽмʶˡ
ϲһҲԽ
ĽݳΪϲ⣬Զ˵ѾͷҲ͸ϲճš
Ϊ⼰ڣСѾͷĹҲǸϲԵı֣ʲôóԵģģЦģϲ񽲡
ʵܿеʱ䲢ࡣ
Ϊ˼̫ˣСҲǳַӳܻСѵԭš
һĽ޵²ˡ
С߲ˡ
ĽƣЦˡ
СѾͷרĽݳʲô
һ죬ĽݳСѧԺƼ
뵽ԼԵĸֺգըȵȲɫ۾ŹСһĴǰ㡭



ʮ£ȵµ

ǻû߶أ㱻Ųϡ
˭˭ҪС㡣
Сӣ˼н㣿
ĽݳϽЦ
ѽѽ簡ҿ㡣Ŷԣá
ȻһĹâͶ
һ˲䣬ĽݳֻһнúǴ
ǣѾͷ
űɿõɿڴЩž
磬Ƣô󰡡
Ľһɨһۻв˵ĳѾͷƬٵһ
Ȼ֪ҪĽݳʵȥ
һ֪ĽݳĽ޵ĶЦˡ
С߸ǵյǰ
ӣҳŰɣɵҪܽѵ
Ĳˣٲú£һҪÿ
ӣôѽ
С߿ˣ˵Լĸܡ
Ӱһϲءô˵Ĺء
ÿС߻ȥѧöŵġ
ѧʱҲǰȥ
·ģһ롣
ģѧԺһЩš
˵ϵ飬ҲѷһƳ
ҲˡǰʵֻڳѧһЩҳ㷹֮ģһˡ
һȴΪ׬Ǯ
ҲΪڵѾͷǰĺȣһôƾǮоá
ΪСѾͷ춼ĺܡ
ʱڴ齣Լֲ壬ͯ꣬ǰԼӰǽš
ȷʵǸգ˵Ĺ۵ϣЩӽҪģĶȥÿһÿεıʼ֮ࡣ
Ӻð
ҲͶһƳѧģвģǺиĵطҪñʼǡ
ţҲͬС佱Ľ޵˷ܵСͨ졣
ðԺܸҪģǹϿƾ֮·ĽݼУܸеλ
ʿ壬Ҳóƾ˲ţվȽŸ
ѫ壬û̫ĶˣҲֻǹ塣ȴʿҡ
ǣʿ֮ҵģ١ĽݼңҲֻǹѣ˳ͷģûж١
Լ˼άɢϽ
ǺǣӾͺã̫ĸ
ɬȻףĽ޵֪СϣϿƾ֮ĵ߷塣ĽݼĵλֻҪпȡϺù˲ţᱻ⿴ء
ʱڼ˵ϻ
ý㣬ԺҪĶҶΪȡ
ģһηġ

нȥĽݳɵɵҪ
վš
ĽһͺȣŵĲ
塭ĽɫĽݳŷƺˡ
ĽƸ̧°ͣԽ硣
Ľݼ˰ɣ
Ľݳ﷢ǿӲͷƤǣǰΪʲôԸ׵ĸоء
Ľݼ˶԰ɣ
ǡǰĽݳ
Ľݼ壬ǣǰһļ壬ǣȫĴڡĳŵǰλļ壬ΪһжãΧһѾͷ𣿡
ԭΪԼΧѾͷ
Ľݳ˿ңԺٲˡ
ĽĲҭס
㲻̫ճǣճ˭
˵ѾͷǣֻǷѧܸ
յĽƱ⣬ĽݳͷϽĿڡ
úõģԺ󡭡ճˡ
أѾͷ۾˵ѾͷĳԵĸһ㡣ѾͷЦÿѾͷ˵͸ڳһѾͷ
ͻȻãѾͷȫŵѽ
ˣĽݼҵˡĽݼҵˣֻųʳ֮𣿡
Ľݳ뵱֮Ͻҡͷǿ䡣
Ҫصΰжһˡ
ţֻ֪ѾͷƬƨɺܣǸū澣˵ĻǴȥԺô㣬廹жҪô㣿
뵽ӵĹĽݳ۴ޡ
ңҲճˣ治ճѽ
˵ˣһˣֻ֪ųԵĺͶŮˣôĽɨһĽݳӺ׵壬ŵĺ߸Ͻңʵʵģ˵ոպá˼ңҲûзҪŮˡ
ĻԽ˵ԽСʵǣλϲַ
סΪҶЩһҶ֪ˣԣҲѾͷ˯
Ľݳ׵İ
ԣҪ
Ѿͷһ˯ǹζ˯ţһ϶ΰ
ٿĽʱĽݳ˺ÿֲ
ǵֻҪˮҲ
硭أ˼ԺҲҪˣ



ʮ£幫Ӻܱ̬

Ľƿ˻֣ŵĽŲǵ˳ȥ
һžֻŵС§һο
ĽŲĽݳָϽƿĨᣬͷҲˡ
ɻݳ幫ӡٿүܵķΪʲôô幫أ
ѵ˵幫Ӷүֿµľٶ
뵽幫üǽĹн飬ҲŵɫҰס
Ȼ幫Ҳ仵ˣھȻҪе顣
Сܿ£Ҳ޿κΡ
תקסԼĲ²˵ˡ
ҲŵĿɿڴ
뵽ĽĽ޵еá
ǶСҲһˡ ҲڴСߺĽ޵µ⡣
УУôСߺСءԺһҪһЩ
뷨ȰܣȾŹӣŬĽƵȷ۵㡣
Ҫһ㣬ҪģҪĽҼŮ̸°һԵİܡ
ǰ޾顣
һŮá
ǳ˰֮󣬾ͻԲȷȡı䡣
һҲǶԲϲֻͬ԰áһαŮҩɶԺ
ǸֻͬиоˣҲŮ˲һķӦΪˣܽǣĽǲΡ
ҩѧԺŮˡ
ҪΪĽŮˣеĵһԻҪһµġ
գ˸ԺǸͬ˵ѾͷдҵĵĹ
ҹСԡ
棬ҲܹעĶ
ԭȻǳƯˣ㹻Ļꡣ
Ǵ޲ҹҲ㹻˵ıǮ
̵λһֻʥĴڡ
Զڴҹﲢûݵ˼
ԭͳϸ׵ĴҹƤˮˮȴƫƫϣò˵ҹĻǼġ
ԣѰСˣǼĻĿ֮˵ϻ
ԵģǿҲһۡ
ڹӸǡ
ѧԺ֮࣬ҲкЩ۶ġ
֪ЩӣֻҲżһ´ҹСֶڣһ֮ġ
ȻԵģŴǲġ
뵽ĽЩԵ;
ԣһʵݵģҲշˡ
ҲֻλԽ飬ʹӹ²ܽһλա
ԭҪʸ֦ˣҲð졣ǰӹﲻĽǰ̫ڷ顣һ˼Ҳ
ҲΪĽݸǺү
һ˼ңʸ֦ء
һ죬𣬻г࣬ů¼һ˵ţӹڵĵ̶
ˣ˵Ժ棬һʲôңĹһմ
˺棬ң۶ˣɲ١ǰ棬Ҳһλӹء
ǰ棬Ȼ˵ĹעǣҲǼĶ
ѧԺ̺ѾͷǣƽʱˣͰһ£羰ţҲ˽һѧԺһЩ顣
ͺðءǰЩҼҹȻū澾ƺ˵λУ߶ţҹϧ˵̫Ҳû
һԵ˼Ũˡ
ѽҹӣλʢĽƹӣ
ԶĽƵ֣ǰͻζŽüӢжˣļء
ֻϧƽʱԼվһ߶Ҳġ
ǽ죬Ѿͷ˵󣬶ңĹǷ˼л߶˼ҹ֣ɲǴ˼֮ô
ҼҹҲʮʡҪ˵ɣĽͣҲһˣʱҼ̧֪븮ﵱʲôģԺСӣɲ˵ݶôϧҲ˰
̯֣һϧ
Ҳ˵ֻҪմңˣпܵѽӿԶҹ
ʱֻվǶһ߲ӡ
ڳĺöˣȴãҲֻһλҹ˼ҹġ
˵˴µĵ죬һһȥг˺⡣
һ߶С߻Сˣһš
ķƺԽԽãһҲЩæ˰æҲݸ˸Ͷ٣ٸһЩ֮ġ
Ȼ࣬Ҳ𼸸ϲæ
ϾȥѧˣҲšеҲ׬ЩɢССѾͷ˵ĺ¶ȻǶõġ
С㣬ǸʲôóԵأҳźöϲҲڶЩӪҲǼϾġ
룬ŲԶѼӣ΢ЩȣѼȰ岹һ£һѼЧǲġ
šСȴקק·㣬㿴㡭



ʮ£ᣡ̺

ĸϸ硭һҡһڣˡŷɫǳ£ССֻֿӯӭĩȴӯֵЦ
ãôءţҲгһЩˣ˵˷漫о飬æѡһɺã
룬ּ̬Ͽң˶Ŀӡ
м۷Ź⣬ڹ߸ǰ羰ſˮ
ǰ˵ĸ첲ѽѵõҽһأ¶ɵôߣһȥ
ѼһֻѼţһֻѼȻѼŷʣҲֻءͣҲꡣѼζˡú󣬱Сߺؼȥ
תּһЩܲݵĺЩݽһ˺ٺ˼һЩݵĲ˱Ҳˡ
ȻǻǲеģԵĲˡ
һЩ
һЩĢ֮ġЩ峴裬ҲǼóԵġ
ǰһΪֺ˵ĹʣһԵģȻ̫Ҳͬ͵Ҫǿࡣ
ΪԼͼ޵ĹӳĲ˺󣬾ٲȥѧԺǸʳóԡ
ãҷǻҼҲиãһСϧţ㣬Ϳ԰ܵŹӽ
뵭һЦû˵ģùǵ¶
ҽ㣬Ҳֻ˵Ѿͷడ˵ǹ˶̵ˣҪȥ˵ġҲǿңٳֵİա
ҼάţǿϢŮˣɲҪźô˵ҲеϾֻеˣܸܲǡ
ӹһӰ
ܸǸ˵̣Ҳܳǰ̣ǱǿϺöࡣ
һ룬ͺˡ
һǫǫ˵ôƯģҲˡǣһŷʷģ붼
ͣһԵøԲ˫տڵ۾ȴҲˡԭͳķѩļôһལʷʵģ˻ɣֻҪһ⼡͵˰ɡ
ʵ治ʡ෴ģһǸӡҲһ룬־ãûҪûζѾѾƬƽ
ҼҹһЩĺӣңǺù󰡣ҪôĶҵĻʳֻôһ㣬ǮǮ
˰üҲšСӡǳĴ˼һ
ˣһǲˣ͸˵Щ̫ū澳Բ˭УҼҹҪкֵܳԷءհհաݺһ㣬վЩǲˡ
Ǵңǰѯ˼۸Խ¼۶һ޵ӣҶ
԰ǺҶ棬ǽ빫ӳԵġȥֻ˵Լİա
밡ؼһ͡빫ӳԣðա
ߺһ˫纬ˮЦˮһĪҪ˵ģ͵ıá
˵ţĽһ˦סϵߺ졣
۾һݺݵͷѽѽҶˣô̰ûءʵʱһ˵ҽġҽ㣬ĵãֻѾͷһ仰ΪҽգҽôĵˣǲҶҪڹǰԼ䣬֪ԭʵ˶
⻰⡣
ÿˣⶫԭȥ빫ӵġǫǫţȴǺݺݵͷ
ҶҶء
ĩ뻹ѹɤʵɣҶе㻳ɰǼҹеˡ
˵һ룬ȴֹס˵ˡ
ȴǰѴҸߵĺ
ȣЩ¶СѾͷƬݵú˵˵ӽһҪġ
ԶԣҪڵѽҷİЩ¶ֻǲ²⣬¶
ҼҹЬҲˡѾͷСҲɰҪȥʱøһ˫Ҳ֪ǰܸܲϵĳѽ
С֣̾˫ˮ۾ȴŴҡ
΢΢һ
Ҳ˵ڹӵЬӲ̫ô
ĿǰĻһ˫ʵġǰɣǼҹӲϲǸҪһ˫һЩġ˭֪ôģ˿žͷĺܡ
ĽǸ޵ˡ
ڳԵĴöϣѰҪϸࡣΪЬЩãһ߶á
СѾͷ⻹治ǹ̾ģǣ뵽˴¡
£뷨ӡʶһλЬӶĶˣʱæһҲǼõġ



ʮһ£µ幫

£Ӧʵġ
ڻȥʱҲͰˮϴˣٶ˵Ľǰ
۰ͰͿĽ𣬷
չãã޵ûô̺򣬿ɼԴҹ۹ҲǼεء
ӣӣҶɺóģ
ʵɣӣңҲôóԵġ
ȻĽƳСѾͷ۰ͰͿԼ
Ծ͵רТġ
пɣ
Ҿ֪ôӽ۹õġ
ȥӣңɬࡣ
Ľ޵³
˵ɶ
Ӧô۾Źˡ
һСԲЦü䡣
ģҲǸôӽһϽаȻӽЩӣҶɼǼóԵİɡ
֪ôģĽٿӣҾû̫θˡ
ӣǰһơ
ˣСүҲԵĲ롣ԼȥҪȾָ
Ҳ
ĽһȾͰǰߡ
㲻ѧӡ
ͷүΪˣﲻֻѻ׼˰ˡ
⻰Ƕϲ˵ģֻܶһĳҹҧӣңת͸СߺĽ޵³ԡ
˵ǲء
ףóԣʱӣȻЩᣬܳʶմ幫ӵĹ
СԻ죬һöӣҡ
Ľ޵¿һߵüһǳ
һöӣ
Ҳԡ
СС촽
һ
СһӴ
˫۾ҿˡ
ү˵幫Ҫôӹأ
Сҡͷ
Ҳ֪ٹҪҳʲôҪϲһ˰ֻ֪Ժ档
ܸǾǼõ
Ľ޵۾һ
ĽƱŮ˰ϡð
˼˵
С㣬ҵٸ𰸡
ȥҴȥ
Сһŵʺš
зӵģȥתһ
˼ָСߡ
ڼһˡݵ͵
С߹ԹԵͷȵλү뿪ˣյǰ
㰡Ҹ㽲ŹǸ軵СģѧԺ棬кüСѾͷͶƯ֮΢ЦǣȴҲ˼СѾͷǡ
һСǱſӴ
ӴôСһˣ뵽ǲˣһģôô簡
ҲǰɣСѾͷһ˲һ㱻ۼҹүסˡ˵С갡
ΪȻͷ
ʵɣô˾ͣͶŮ˽¶
һƯС˶˺øУҪˡֻ޷Ľ޵ŵӡ
ʵǵģӡУСһǸůһĴ
뵽⣬С۶
ү飬ݵñţ軵˵
СԴϽת㣬һ˰ɡ
С°
Ľ޵³ȥ󣬱̽ѧҵΪҵԼһλ˳۵ʦܵĸ硣
˵һλʦܵĸŮϣһֱԣ˽Щ飬϶ǼЧġ
תĽ޵ɬԼĴ𰸸С㡣
ЩĿô
һɿǰСޣ߰ͣۺĴѩļһ˫۾Ǵżɬ
ʱһ䣬쵽˶
ЩȫʦܵĸܽģǾЧġȨȥһԣ翪Ͼˡ
ðɡ
뵽Ҳǻȥˡ
ΪĽƿϣڲǴϣǳʳϣ
ǻһΣСѾͷƬӾãϵصذ
Ӱ㿴Ůɶ˼
ĽСѾͷȻѵõҪԼʫ䣬Ͻ
Ů˼˵һƯŮӣжȢ
Ȼͷ
һɬĿԭˮĴ۾ʱ⣬ĽİϲѲɣСѾͷƬСͣЩˣ
Щ޿ǰѾͷСģˡ
һ˫۾峺ëһɨ৵ĸζ
ԭİҲ֪ѾͷΪŮӰ
Ѿͷ˵ŵͷԼС첲Сȶġmġ
ǱˣһС⡣ñǿˡ
ӡҲʵġ
ˡ
ţ۶һ˫ͫ⣬СཱུӴͲûͺ
ĸŮ˲
ڱ˴ʹŶġ
ĽƸ⣬ֹιСͷ
СʱûҪñǿŰɡ
ͫҪԼǿǺã



ʮ£ӵĶǶ

ĽҲСѾͷƬӵ뿴ηӦ
ȻѾͷ̧ͷһ߰
ӣҿ϶ҪģҪȡŬһŮͲûоҡ
ÿȥϲͺáĽƿЩ⣬Ժ󳤴ˣݾͺá
ȴһӣˣȻ˵Ҳա֪ˣڶԹһЩһĸоʵɣھˣҲνģοôҴԼء
ѾͷһЦûаԼղŵĻĵ׵ӡ
Ľһ˿оԽǿ
ǸԵ˵ˣһѾͷƬʾãԭ𽵹¶ڣѾͷƬȴʶࡣ
ɫ΢ͻȻǰ
°һʹ̧ɫԣĿһ¡
ҿͻȻ䷢꣬ײ
ḧţģ͸īζζһϮһȫ䡣Խ뵽˵ԼΪһЦ̫ãеλġ󣬻һˮĸղˡ
ЩΣڴʱһһԺСѾͷŵ
Ľüɫ䡣
Ȼں±ү
ҪҪҡ
䣬ʶ
ĽƸա
ͻȻŭա
ݺһѽƵڵء

ɣһǹһĹȥˡ
Ľȴĺݺī֮ࡣ
ԺԭڶĽ޵ɫŵ㣬üǰһ֣һĪȥ
ԿգĽƵƢĶӣǰܿĺġ
¡
ůСźһʶԼʧ̬ˡ
ɬһЦ
ԭԼΪôǿ
ݵܾˣһΣյʱ򣬻ǻ᱾ܵη壬¡
ڣ޷ٿ˷ġ
Ҫα㡣
С濴ȴԻŵ԰
ַ֡㲻ñңֻҪ˳ɳ⸮ܶرá
Ժ󣬾Ҫǰտɺãܾã̫¡
Ȼ⼸Ҳϲ㡣
Ȼǵ񲻻ռС
ĽƵ񣬻£
Ȼ̧ͷ
СŲϹ˵
Ҳ˵ʲô
СţôΪأ͸ɬʡ
棬ô̫ˡ
룬ֻҪĽһתע
ȴ֪ô˼ҵǰƣֻ£Լ
ʶһ㣬ȫ䡣
Ī£סߣԶڵġ
㾪Ľ޵ʹ£С첲һϽק˻ḧ󱳡밲Լž
ԡԲ¡
ֻǾãӦԶһЩǰա
֪ԼסˣĽ޵ͦ˼ġ
֪ˣСţȥæɡ
ԺһֱҽСŰɡϲҡ
С˵꣬۶ߺˡ
գգۡ
СţŹӣкβ𣿲Ǹƺ
ֲףŤڸʲôĽƵ飬ҲȷʵǸˡ
꣬ʮܶ඼ʼ߱ѾͷһЩԵ顣
кܶ࣬ڲСĻǵ¶
ʵģмصԼȢ޵ʱ򣬲ŻŮһءΪӦԶǸڷ׶εʡ
һ룬ﻹ˼Ҹǰհ
¶Ǿ֧ʹȥ
ʼ죬Ľƻû̫ע⵽СѾͷԶԼ
һ˽̺Լʱ۾һС
Խߴ꣬ôһۣŵĶ¡
үѾͷ˵ȥæŴϴˮˣңҾͽˡ
Ľ䶢ûж
ǹʱضᱬϢڨڨأϽʶˡ
ʱﻹ˽尡
תһקסҨϴˮ롣
˵Լأȥ̺ү°ɡ

Ҷº«ϽתĽȥ
ΪѾͷʱŲòܵķҵΪˣҲչⲻˡ
һݣΪλϽקԼ
䶼һϢ
Ǹڴ齵꣬ɫɫ΢΢һͷ˫磬ǰ
ǺԲĺ壬ʵҲǸۼʡ
˲䣬һ֡
ٻһ״̧ͷǰȫдҼ䲻ˬȫꡣ
ѽӣԭ㳤ôÿġѹӽ㼸ǱŷĴңǰҶûע⵽ţǼҹүڶ˧Сɾء
Ľס
ԭҪݺݳͷѾġ
ǣͻȻ仭һ䣬佱Ǽ˼



ʮ£ҴС⣡

걻Լ佱סüϸϸһǲҪǮؿ佱
үģ㲻֪߳ȥüС㶼ҸضաȻ뷽跨ģŷġǰһе㲻⣬ڲ֪˵ģǸΰжɶ˼үˣ߳ȥǲĺġ
һ佱ͳУ޵ġƫƫСѾͷ۾ӲӵġˣĽڻ˱
һҲ˼͡Ѹ첲ǰһ죬վү¡
վԼǰһСѾͷƬššСѾ
ͦģɼˣĻ
ЦĽ۾һɣûֶšһѡ
СѾͷ۾ӶˣƫҴ顣泩
СѾͷƬӣûý˲ģүҰͷѾͷֵġ
죬ίӣ°ա
ò׺ôүˣҲ˿
һ죬Ľ泩ĺܡ
Żָ˾һԼǰǰܺѾͷƬ֪ôģϵƣҲʧһ
ȵȥѧʱһֱĳ
ĻغĽ˽Ų
ꡭ
һ£үūء
ΪһֱСĿү
ҡͷ
ȴԼӺݺһȡ
ʵ
үңҾǾãѾͷ̫һˡѲɣүԺǴյô
ˣ
Ľƻûһ⡣
ǡǡ߹Ľ޵⻰ŲһӾסˡ
С߸ǽſǰ棬˶ԭҪ𰸡
ĽǸСѾͷίģģԼЦʱƺģˡ
ǸѾͷƬôүԺǰС
Ľ޵ѿڶס
Ľһ㶣ݺݵ˵ۣĽ޵̧ͷȻ
С˸磬Ҫ˵ѾͷԸ⿴ô
Ľһ´ǰСޡ
ʱͻȻ뵽һ⡣
СƨӣƺҲһֱѾͷߵġ
һѾͷҹ֣Ҫ˾ǡ
⻰תߡ
СߺĽ޵վڷС
үô죬Ǻá㶨Ըġ
Ľ޵һ˫տڵͫɢʡ
Сǻʱ䡣꣬˭Ҳҵᷢʲô飡
꣬ʱ䣬ֻˡ
һ뵽С޸ܵ˵ǿѹǣŷڽţڷҪս
С޵ͫȼһ棬С߿ľ
߰ɡҲ˲䣬ٶȻָ˵Ȼ
ԶˣĽƲЩߵʡ
˵Сʲô˼ҲڴѾͷ⣿
ĽݳЩ˱ʰˣôЩ۵СҲѾͷߡ
һ뵽ͻȻ;ü
ȴɫ
ӣڡѾͷⰡү֪ˡ
̶Թӵֻ£ڴǰҲ˵ġүڶʮˡʮꡣ
֪ģڷ˶Ϊүɫδѡ
صǼС㣬Ҳ࿴˵ġֻүȡŹȥס
Ҷ
ĽƲ죬һ⣬Ҳԑģүϲ
߹ȴ˵үǿ˼Ұɡ
ѾͷƬһЩ̺ˣСģ
ģĪЩ
ҲϲİɡһѾͷãʱǡ
Ŷ
ӦЩ
Ľֺݺһȡ
ʲô̬ȣѲɣһѾͷɣ
أǺǣĸѾͷĸ󡣾ǣүҪ»ء
ãٵôꡣ
⻰С߸ˡҪĽ޵½ֻ֣Сӻǰ֮۵ġ
󼸲Ľ޵¸Сߡ
˵ŷӦţҲһЩӣתĽƵע
ãҶġ
Ľ޵˿俴ǰıӰ
ҴС⣬ߣҲÿⲻ
ӣĽƾĽ޵ֵԽĲ
һѧʶϣȻѰֵҪ۽һЩ̸ʲôģҲյһȥ
ĽݳСƨӣġ
Ľ޵ȴܾһЩ⿴ߵһ𣬸ҪģСΪ
£ǰʾĻᣬҲΪ𳤵ġ
磬кüѧԺٰĶʫϣС֪ȴѻøһƽӵţҲԽ
𣬲ǽύˣǵλոı䡣ΪˣԽϲĽ޵¡
˵ǣߵһҲԽĶ


ʮ£ظ

ǾƽӰ찡˧ˡ
üˣŮҪĴڰ
˵ƽӻûδޣҲ֪ļҹܵĻϲ
һ÷ѡġ

ĽԶһһ̾ƳߵѾͷ
ѾͷүķɣԵ˰ɣ
Ͻһ۵ģȴյǰүǰ˵İɣģҲϲĴڡԺĺöѾͷǣһᵽ㣬ĴָġҪģմŹүĹڳȥвٵСҳԵġ
ʵҲûôáĽƻǫġ
ת̧ۣ°͡ѧԺ棬ҵ󱾹ĿΰжҲ治ġ
ȷʵǣϽӦһ˫۾ͲûðŴ
һֱűͷͷһǰȥ
ǰĽֶסŲСĽ޵¡
µܣһͬ
ϽҪ˳ȥ
Ľȴһקү뿪Ҳ࣬ߡ
˵žקסϡ
Ľ޵½Ųϼ֣һǣĽƵ֡ø磬ذҡһλظ꣬ϣǸ꾰ɡ
⣬Ľظ֤
и㣬µģūв۵۸㣬ΪӶ
Ľ޵Цģи⻰СܴӴ˾Ͳõˡ
ǣ߰ա
µֵܣĽƻġ
µǶһСܡ
չʲôģҲӦġ
ϳĽԭһ߶ġСѾͷƬϾ;ˡ
СĿʼЩϸˡ̫ԡôСҪɵģ
ȻѧԺɻҲİֵģһƤˮһ
˫촽Ǻ뵽˲ʢʻ
ֻǣСѾͷϳ󣬱˽
Ҫ۽
Ľ޵ߣһݿ
ĸ磬Ҿ֪ܷô̵ˣôѧļãңΣ˿ùԱģ
һᣬĽƾ͵ˣҲ˻СѾͷƬӵ¶
ͷ
ͬ˿룬ĿĽ޵£ȴƤգգۡ
ᣬ봹ͷû⻵СӣѧԺԽѧԽġ
żĽƻһЩԶ
Ϊ꣬ϻҪԽֵġһλظֻϣܺðɡ
뵽Ľ޵ųȥСˣ밵ü
СƨӣƲһ㣬ǵԣȴҲԽĴˡ
ȻҰߵС˷ųȥ
Ǵ˴ҪظпǰĽ޵£ձҲ˷С 
Ҳ֪СǷŵĹ
Ȼʱǰ˵Ĺעɾ͵òʧء
ôѰ˼ţȻ˸
ˡ
ѧԺҲǷżٵʱ
һϲŻؼҹ꣬룬һΡ
ѻ£ûֿôġ
Ҳ֪ôˡ⸮棬ɷб仯
λ̣ûٻеȵȡ
棬˶׼꣬µȵȡ
Ѻ¼Ҳæĺܡ
ǣеʱѻǻ˼ǸŮ
СѾͷƬȥǮһЩ˼ն
ĴСѾͷӵȣǵŲʳʳնȵȡ
뵽ŮѵĽŲࡣ
Ҳ巿Ժһӡ
ȻֻСﵱһϰӣҲʤǰڿⷿȡ
֣ĸˡ
ֻͬƣʱ˵š
ǣ֣ȥǰԺĹһЩСҲһЩ
ãҪȥǰԺĸ밲ҲҪŸ
ŹɿɰС㣬ȫǴȰЦݡСС˶ͻ뵽Լҹ
СԼĴȰҲſ˹
ֱȥ
ãȥǱһСҲö·ܺãԵķҲ㣬ľƯԺү˿ˣϲġ
С㶵ģǹԹԵͷ㶮µѾͷҲǰ̾
ǸҪôôܴķԺֻһѾͷš
ѴСһ⡣
˺ѩСѾͷһ߶ûȥѩֻǰȥ
ֱſڴһ
ţߺ
үˡ
С̧ͷ˷ܿſȥ
ĸ硭ĸˡ
΢ܹȥ
ĿǸһëǳɫۺӵԲСѾͷʱˡ
뱻ĽƶȥͷϸҲǰʱ䡣
ǣʱ䣬СѾͷȴС
һСԲҲӵĹ⻬ۡ


ʮ£ȿɺ

ڿñʱҲŲǰһĽŲϽͣ½Ų
ĸŮһۣѱϽС㡣
С㣬үء
ĸ硭
С۽ţȴϴתת
סͿЦС㿴źƯġ˶Ƶġ
һСĽƣС̿ĵҲͷߵСѾͷ
СԲ۶ˮһ
һź촽΢΢ƯľѶȦëԭͰСĵӵİۡ˱һȴ˴ӻСͣ͡Ƴķ֡
С˶Ժ󶼻ġ
һ뵽ͳˣСĪҪѧֻ֪ԣһ⡣
ĵۣߡ
СȴǺںڵĴͫƺҪ
ôƣЩҲסˡ
ѣŮЦͷ˼֣ոպáűûĵСѾͷһֳš
죬֮Ժȥ
Ժ§ԼҶӾһͨİζĽл
һ׼׵󣬻ȥڵİá
Ϊй̱׼ظ󣬻Ľ̺š
ڸʱĽ߶ѾͷӣС̺ŵġһλһԺǻϲĺܡ
˵ҲֻϤ
ѾͷʱһϴЦġ
ңһλзֻʮѾͷǶóö̵ĽеĻʵĺܡ
ҪΪϴҪչ˹Ϊô۵˶ȴҪһЩӵĴֻ
Ҫ˼ϹŨŨЦ⣬붼ỳɣһλڳǵӵġ
ū澵ģԭΪ̺үӻֵ˵
ô÷ء ҳŰɣ˽Ƕ࿴ü۶ġ
⻰΢΢һòƺǸǰһŻˮ
ǵС㣬ˮҲ׵ɷĳ谮ˡ
ǣǵѾͷ
ˮȥ¾͵ñӵŵġΪˣҲաǣһûɽûҪҲġ
ңһ˶ĽݺԺ˵߾ߵġ
̶˭ϲġǳǳӦš
ѾͷȴҲֻǵһЦֶģ̺үˣ֪֮ģɾһӵĸݶء
ǰģž֪Բζˡţ˼ǰ˾ġ
ǸС˶˵Ҳ벻
ֻһЩ¶ת⡣ǷҲǸԶģһ˵԰õĴģûаѸŮзҲ˵˼ȨѾͷǸûġϸһѾͷɲǸûô
һ룬־Լ̫Щ
ý㣬ʵҲвٵĹϲġֻûŻᡣһλظйﱻˣ͵ӷ˿ء
ԭФĽ޵µĺ˲ţݶʱһϲˡԭǸޢ껪Ľ˶ôһɬţ˫ˮ˴ˮһ
ڲŷ˷Ư֡ý㣬Ư빫൱ĺء󣬶ڹǰ˵㡣
ԭҪѾͷ׽һЩñ¶
ʱ˵Ҳߺ
˵ģˡ
кοģд󵱻飬Ů󵱼ޣ˵ˣ˲ţ˵Щ¶Ӧġ
Ѿͷ˵һӵĺá
һĽƱɷɻһСŴϵϲǶֵЩͶġ
Ȼ
һݱߺСӡ
⼸Ѿͷ͡ڻϲһЩ⺣Ƕȥʶ
Ѿͷϲվһ߶ֵ͡ˣĽȴӹСĹж֡
ѾͷƬһġ
Ȥζ۶бǺЦ
Ű˰۾һӽ귢ƣӶ
ɬѾͷƬûģˣߣߡ
ȵСѾͷϲȥˣĽƾͰȶǰĽ̤һ죬Ƕ
ǰȡ
ŰĦţһ˫֣ʼȲఴš
ӣɻʣ
ءˣūһЩ
СѾͷ˵ţ̧ͷһ˫ˮ۶ţۺСﻹݵ⶯ĽƵЩ롭


ʮ£ŮϣѾͷ1

ӣūѧһЩһɹǷùӻһ
ϸ֣ᰴĦ
ĸ˹ƶһ
ԭĽһƿҪԼѾͷ
ȥ
ŵɫৰףסҲƵܳ˷䡣
ҹ̵˵Ľ޵Ժ¶
̹ݶ꣬ЩĵǲСء
ɫ΢䡣
һ߶⻰΢΢ü
Ҫ˵үˣ˵ҲǴСݣͣԭҲǳ嶯ʱ򡭡ֻ֪ΪΡ
ôһᣬҲЩǡ
԰˵Ľ֮ʱȻļһҲӦķӦɡ
һ뵽ͻȻò̤ʵˡ
⣿ҪҪɸ곤ЩоѾͷȥһ£
ԭŵȵʮһůݵģݴԺʽ̣ŷһЩͨȡڶı֣Ҳǻˡ
˿ͿޢָŲǶ
ǾͰߵĴȥѾͷǸĿ˶ԭ׼͸үġȽݶһ߶ֻȥ̽һǸģҲٲˡչСԵĲùܹ̫ࡣ
ʵ֮˵ġ
Ҳƽ޹ʶ
Щ꣬ĽǸӶġ
һδܵ棬СľͰѹ̵ˮˡǻߵĸ
ʱ֧˵û̫ϸ
ǣﻰ˼ȴǰʾһӣӼпܲ˵
뵽ﻹס
дȥٰ͵ү߶ȥ
ϥֻĽһɫĶӣȻƢҲ࣬ĸĹүûƢġܶ飬ǰĶӣǸõġ
Ϊ̺ԱԭһѾͷȴΪ˶Ѿͷ
ԭĶѾͷ죬ȴƸΪĽߵĴѾͷ
·˶˵ᴵ˴յûżءҲѽֻͣݸɫһǲء
Ǹ۾Ĺĸ񻣬һЦϵһԾѶŸϲĺܡ
զĴʱĽҲƳһ۲Զһۡĸ׿ķ˼ء
үܲ
Ľҧͷˡ
ҹϲϢ
ݸȻѾͷڷС
ֻǣҹʱ򣬳ƯĴĽƵﱼ˳
ֻлȫ˺۵Ĵ죬ɫࡣ
סͣžµ䡭
ҿĶ
ֻеһ̱̾εȥ
ߵļӣһ鲻ԣ͸˶ú˵˵
£ֻһЩ
ȵסӿһҿĶġ
ˣҲãô¶סϲ֪
СȰ衣
Ĩᣬһǡ
ԶԣҲõġ±ȥֻԺҵҽݶⲡ˰ɡѹ֣ǺǻԵʵķƢΪұء⵱ģǵ꿴˵ĺһЩôҺݶһġ
˵Ĵ᲻ҪǮµ䡣
̰㻹ǰǴϸ빫ӵĹ̰գȻ¶鷳ء
ԣҵʡΣûζ
һֱ
֪ǰӵõġǣһ뵽ϺĽƵһЩ飬¡
˼ң˽¶һѾͷ֪ˡ
󡭡
һ뵽ȫ䡣
ȨţҪôԣЩǰˡ
С
ֹ̺ˡ
ԺԱûС
ϥһͨڵϡ
ˣ֣ңˡ
ұ𺿣ѹȫ˵ϸһЩǺӲУԻεġ
ǣġ
£ԼϽȥ̵Ĺ˵˳
ū澵˹ү̺Ҳǻϲĺܡ
ǰһл˳
үҲˡ
˵컹ĺܡ
ȴǲͷȳ⣬Ͻ˵ˣǺӿһ㷴ӦҲޣ

˽ظһ˵˳
ҲûзӦģֻֻҲ֪ô¶ں棬үƺһūΪң͸Ӧ



ʮ£ŮϣѾͷ2

أӾͲˣ
ԡԵģȻ󣬹Ӿͷ·ѹһӾͲУһū澣۾ģͻǡҪ˵һһ̵ĽƣԼҪġ
Ȼͱˣӽʡ
ǣģū澣ﻹҴǶ
ֻҪһ뵽˳ӣ
ˣȥɣ󣬻ǻȥ̺үġһβУ󣬶¶ġˣ뵽ЩӦ顣ս죬ү˱á
ˡ
Щ¡
̣һӾӵĴ㡣
ԵģḾͷ
찵Ȼȴû˿ķ
ǣˡ
ţԺݶҪȢףҲġ
ǡ
ȻֳϣңҪǸһͼбĹү
٣ڿԱסˡһ˼־ãĽҲǼõ
лˣл֡
ţǷ黨ӣһȥ
ӸϽһǰ׼Ķó̵УѶ
һоΡ
ﰡͣôأ
һѣŵĴϽһЦǣлͣл֡
ͳȥˣ̷˿
ο
үĲУ˵ҵŹʵ˵ġֻһ˭ɾͲˣ
ҲģףɲҲ˼ǵģͲ֪˶һ۶Ĺ򰡣Ӷˡ֪ģ߶ˣ˵¶Ūġ
̸̾
ȻЩǣҶǲǻ˸Ҳǰô룬ֻǶһˡ
֪ǣʱĽƣһŴ⡣
һҹ
²ϸ֡
ЩƵġ
ҵġ
ŸɫһŮ˵ġ
еһУ
ǡ
ƺһŮˣ˱˵ģ
ֻҪһ뵽;ˡ
ʵ̫޲ˡ
ôФ뵽Ǹˡ
۾
ĽƷҪˡ
겻ȥ
ϰ˵ǸӸ˵ϡ
ǣԴλԺӾһֱ˺Щ
ڣǲԸ𴲡ȥ֪ҪǺá
硣
硭
ͷˣƼ̱ŽԺ
ǡǡãҲˮ
һ˼ݵŵĸϽ밲ʺá
üһߵӳ鲻ãϽȳǲŰ˶ȵѾͷۻ
Ѱʱ򣬵˹עЩµ˵¶ֻĽƽгһ֣ԣ̶ĽߵеѾͷȣЩעˡ
طˣ֣ؽǵ飬ѧԺϰߣ¶ΪӷġˮʲôûмֹˡظϰԺġ
һ˵̵ɫ
Ҳ̺ˣ¶Ͳˡ
Ͻ밲ǣɶסˣӣѾͷǰ㣬ЩܸǵģǡȻɾǺùԡ
ǡ
Ƴۣȥ
ĸϴ˵ĽŰŴ򿪡
˵ˡ
һˮվſڣĻԶʻȥЩڵأ˭ģ
үū澴ˮΪϴѲ㲻ϴѽ
СѾͷ˵Цţһ˫۾
ĪأĽƾ̧°͡
˭˵ҲϴģǱ߶үԼϴ
ĽŲһ͡
Ц
ţСѾͷƬƺүЩӰġ
Ƴһѽӵݵǰǰ治עôСѾͷ
ǽͲԽһۡ
СѾͷƬȻཱུģҲֻǹɿɰСѾͷǣϸȴҲƳ󳤴ˣǸĵС˶
ѩ׵ļкڵ۵˫ü䣬ȻףȴҲ˷չ
ֻǣôС
룬ãǲܶôСѾͷƬ뷨ġȻҲĳĻô̬뷨
һ룬ʹ˸ӻ⣬һݡ
ʱֻʣĸ
˰ѷʳһ߶ŶһʳѰʱ򣬴ҶһϳԵġΪĽˣԶˣŵһ߶ڵġ
Եһ룬̻ǿƲסݶ˵˵㵽ϲĸݲõģҲȥȥ̫΢ģ㵱ˡ
ȡ㡭



ʮ£ŮϣѾͷ3

̿żüɫĶӣ֣ݶҲǣôˣ˼ģ˵ǸѾͷɲ
ϲ˰Ϲ˵ô˺ˣ˵ҷˡ
ֻǺߣֻСҪǣﲻ˵ˣ˵ǡ
⣬׷ʸ൱ϰ
׷ӵĹУУöడѾͷѾͷˮ㡭ö˰
ü۶ЦˣõүôϲΪ̴С͸ŵӣҲǺܿ֡
ϲĹﰡ˵ɣƽʱ飬ѣҪ˵ǾΣҲƼٹ
ӿյϽȣҹһ
ѽģ
Ӧáİɡ
ӿѾͷҲջĺܡ
Ҳ̫ȷģ
Ц֣ҳŰɣӶƯĹңǻ࿴۶ġǶ࿴۶ʱ򡭡ҲడԲ̫ȷģ
־š

Ǽģ˭žǸûѽˣԺٶ۲һЩɵöעţҹүɻĸϲ˶
ǣūСűšʹСѾͷ͸ϣǶĺۼΡѾͷƤҲ̫ЩСľӡ
ˣԺѹӷ̺ˣĺôǡ
𣿡С۰Ͱš㶵ģЦģѾͷƬӴô̰ơˣֻҪ̺ˣӶеġ
֣ɬͷ˭СūģӿöóԵġѾͷĺóԵĶȴûǮġ
ľһ
ǰţү᲻ϲѾͷ̰ѾͷĸӴ
ѾͷƬӴ˵ˣҵ¶ɻء
Ѿͷ֡
ȵ뿪ˣ̧ͷҲü
֣ĽƵǰ˭أˣҪȥүæһҡһȥСŰա
÷һҲҪȥʺһġԼߵ֣Щ˿ɶչġ
Ѱ˼ţϽȥŸɫԺȥ
С
ñСҲǻϲĺܡ
СѾͷҲЩûǰĿݻëһСҲ˼⡣
һСҲǻϲĺܡ
㣬ǻء
һС棬СѾͷĹıģأ㣬˼ҳˣ˵ٳôǿ
úãԲԣһǣһһŶͺˡסҪġ
Ŷ𣿡СʡСͷȻˣʱҲǵĳһЩǿġİգ
⼸Щ߶㣬˵ıѼζõģҲûôҪıĸ顣˵ҲģӴ
ЦԺɵöྡĵȻЩֻҪ㹻ãҲ㲻ġ
һ㣬ǰҲġ
ˣǱ߶ɻã
ˣҲֲ˵Щ¶ȥ̺գ⼸ƢɲС
˸СĵС͸Ͻһ߶ȥŶ
ΪԺĹӣߵȻȱҪȣз̵Ҫ̵ܽСѾͷСһˡ
ȿȡ
Եӷεǰ
ˮ
Ųֻ˻Ҫ
֣
ŰˮˣµƤһۡ
ˣ
ţӦģֻ̫ûϢ
Ҳȷʵ˯硣
֣һЩĶҲ֪ⲻ
˵ţһЩϸƬó
ЩǰͻһЩѧ˵ζ
СѾͷƬڴֻһƬ
ԭΪġ
һȴζ嵭𣬲ǵģ˳žͷζ
 ʺҡСѾͷƬǲʵġ
ٺ٣רΪ׼ģûУһظٸԵġ
ϸƬ̫ʱ
֣ˡ
СôһЩ򵥵ıá
͸԰ա
áã߶ֶһ⡣
ҡͷѾͷƬٳһЩĺáĪҪȵˣʱ򻹼š
ȡ֡
һ˵־УСԹ۶ü۵Сģֶϵ˼
ǡƤء



ʮ£ŮϣѾͷ4

ӣЦţҪƤźٲƤԺˣ˶˵ͯš
ǹ˵Ǹͯģ
ЦȴЦĸĿġ
𣬰ţͯ˵ͯɶЩɰֺܺĴģѽѽûǰŻǱģ
ǡ
ֶѾͷˡ
ȥһأǣһ־øĿġԶС˵ദҲǸиĶࡣ
ƽʱµǸģ˶
öǰҲҴһ¡
ɾ˼ңҲЦʱ
ȻСڵĵطлЦ
Էŵȥ÷Ƕ
ʱ÷Ҳ˵˺һĻԭҪģ˵Ҫȥ̺ӣ÷ҲͰڰ֣ʾȥˡ
ѾͷԽģءЩʱһѰ˼Ժڤõģţǲء
ߺ÷Ц˵
ѾͷƬҪ󣬻кüءԺ˭Ҳ˵áãǿȡġһ
һ뵽Ѿͷİ磬ЦǺοġ
ǸССѾͷƬû룬µߵĻԡ˵µĳ˶ٷģ˵µҪǲϲ¶ܳôЦЦѹɤ
ѽģ÷̧̧ü
ɲģղѾͷĶ˵ģµǶԶһЩҪȥԺ߿˻һ¡
Ǻǣǹ㣬µĻϵţݵءѾͷġ
÷ԽĻϲ
СѾͷƬʾãʵڹ˵µǶ˵ϼ仰ġ
һԺ⸮Ҫ¶ҲҪ׵ĶࡣϾլܹӵ飬һҪеġ
㡭
ԴС߾һֱĵ
һƼˣϽӭȥ
ӡ
źƼĽ޵´
˫Խɵ۶Ӳ룬
ţƣɻã
ԺһӲڡɼƽʱǰ֧˵ġ
Ǹűָʹȥȥˡ֪Ҫ⼸춼Ժġ
˵ҲȻ龫ģ׼
ٺ١Ľ޵Цɲ֪ô
ξĴ۾⺩ɵЦĪ;ϲС
Ľ޵ԽмץסС֡
Ժڶʲôˣ
Ŷ
Ժкοɱģ
ȵԺһƬʱҲⲻѡ
Ժһɨǰң
޼ļɾ
һ˲ٵСԡ
СţĪҪ
Ľ޵Ӳӵ۾Щ˷ܣţҿСϲŪһЩС֮ģҵĺԺֻֻΪֲˣֳԵĹϹ֮ġ
ֹϹ
Ľ޵µֲԽͽ˺ü֡
Ľ޵Цʹģ˫տڵ棬ڲȥ
ŰǰϹϹЩԣʵԺĲ԰ʱʱһЩСһʱضţɲܺ˳溦֮ġЩʵģ˵ֹԾʹϹȵʮǻԺ棬һ߶£һժϵĹ

˷˦С޵֣ʼĴߡ
طҪֽӳʱԺ涼и̽۵ζҪʱҪöˣ۾ʹϵ¹طҪĵӣ˹ʵʱ֦櫶ѹĳģгɾ͸ġҪ÷ӣҪطҪֹ𻨣ÿ껹𻨱
ŶŶطԺǾͳʲôеĹ԰Ӵ㣬ĺٹСҲʱ
ǡĽ޵Цü۶ˡ
ͲСޣ໥ǣԺ棬չδһõ뷨
Źʵѹ˶ԺԹ£һЩԼĸСԵȡ
ͻȻãԭδҲǿġ
СĵЦĽ޵¸Լ
ʵСĺ׾͵õġ
ֻҪһռ䣬һƬأӵȫ硣
С㣬ҪΪ硭ֻҪһֱЦţţҲӵȫ硣
ССӣûʶӵе磬ȫӵе硭
ûһСӵеֻô磡
ǣֻδҵѡ


ڰʮ£ŮϣѾͷ5

ѧԺ˵ǳɳ̡
УżĽƻʾһЩԵϲ
ÿζᱻӦ𣬻ǱÿɵװʲôļɣҲԽ
ʱٿȥ
ڵĽʮ꣬ĳɳһһ׳ʵӢɿĴꡣ
ҪԲòзݵС
Ǹǰ˺ӲӵĴ۾Ľ޵,Ҳ˸ͷǰôССһ
ֻͬ꣬Ǵ·ݵҲ˲̶ͬȵĳ
ʮеŮĳΣԲǽ֮ǰ꣬ȴҲԼһ㡣ƤԽĴɰףһ˫۾ԣǻ˵һ
ͣȻûȫɳΪŮ
ҲߣĳպضһɫεСӡ
СﲻѧԺ棬ڸĴڡ
ҲٲǳԵĺõԭǰСʼΪˣʾȥԺҪɴһ
һ뵽ǰǸطεӣЩ
ʹ¾ģĽ飬ǡʿưɡ
Ϊˣ֮ģʼʳѧԺΪжǴҴææۻһԳʳǽϼ򵥵ġ
Ҳţ֮ҶʱҲûôҴ٣ԾͻȽעسʳ
ʳҲͳḻһ١
ͷϣЩյļóԵ⣬ȫɾ
ӶУƫƫҪһҼó̫ӡ
ŹԵġ
һ죬Ľ޵һǰ˲ȳһЩ
߿ɫζȫĺŹǣĿˮˡ
ǶҲŹ๾Ŀ
ǣһ뵽ԼſʼļҵСƾ˼
ǡĪҪ˰գ⼸ֶӣǺԡ
Ľ޵²죬̧ͷСɫ
ߣߡ
ʹ޵ӣֱƵĽ޵ۡĪСɶ׵İգ鼱ʡ
ȴϽˡ˵ߣ߰Ǽôô಻ס
СκĽ޵ķֹǹߴӵߡ
תüССĲ
ףǰЩü˵Сˣ᲻ǾԼˣԲŲҪٳԵģСһ仰Ľ޵еˡ
תվһ߶Ĵ
ֻزˡ
ʵкüΣɨЩ⣬ѼӣԼŹ֮ġ
ǲģίӣĵЦ
ʵ㻹ǼϲİաΪ˱ԼģͷҪôཱུÿ
СԲԲģһЦϡССĹǼϣСŻָͦжġ
£֪ˡ
Ľ޵¸СߣҪ˵·ȥ
СҪˣȻƽʱͦġʵģҲǼߵġ
תĽ޵°Լί伦ȵݵǰ
á㰡⼦ȡ
һţ֪ϼȣҲֻһҵļȣ˵ζġ
ţСҳԣҽһӲ͡
ǡҪʰСջĺô
СԹ񣬿֣ĦԴϣôҪŮˡôŶÿġõģǲ䡣
̫ᣬãԼôŶá
ǣ찡ѵһҪʧܸգ
뵽ǾĻš
ѲɣԼˣҪԵһЩʸ˿ɻĿһľ档
ҳԣߣ˭˵ҪģҾǲҲǼģǶġ
˵ţСݺ˺ҧǿ鼦ȡ
ҵôŶá£ȫ⣬ҲȫˣҲãÿġ
ߺ
̧ͷǫǫţСٲãҲڷʳġԣԺңΪ˹үҲò绨ġ˵꣬Сģͷ
ǣȴֻһº㿪
ί飬ˣжͷŮġԺɼǵã
СһķԸ
񿴵ĴﴽЦ

һõ
ļЩҡ
ĽƶԽϸ
ʱһʲôʲôˣһ϶Ҫһ
ڼ˭˵䣬Ҳɹġ
Ľ޵µǳŵĺܡ
ݸأҿϳԵļ٣˸ȶӣƺ̫ģãǼػܳ¡
Ȼ˸ߴֱ߳ӰһĿ磬ʲôѹֶһ˲䣬ıŵĲܿʧɡ



ڰʮһ£ŮϣѾͷ6

ʮӣͱ˴ˡ
⼸Ľѧѧ裬ҲԽֻ˵ѧ裬ƺѧϵģҪʤһ
ΪԵǸӲ̵ܽ꣬ʱȴ˸ߴ͵ˡ
ʮˣڴ˼ңǳɼҵŮĴڡֻˣȴҲֻǶףĿǰΪֹûȢϱ
ӥӿƵȻǰˣļ档
ûԱ
ٺ١ˡ
еĵһμʧܾˣΪʲôҪô֪
˲ɵϴתת֧ء
ʵԼ̫ˡĽ޵µȽ̧͡ͷԿտĽƣݸ磬ô
Ľ΢΢ԾٷϡѾŮεѾͷ
ʮ꣬ڷ׶ΣǰһϸȻûдɣҲ߹ģζǳԳӡ
ҲЩ˳飬ǿŷɫȴҲǸÿһ˫۾˵Ƶģ궼һˮ͸Ź⣬ֻͶעյӳ㡣
㼫ãԺ׼ʵ뷨ʵСñү֣һǮ
ôҰп಻ίֱ
ū澾ͲôΪʲôʲôĶ
ĽƵһɣү˵Ͳҵˣ׾ͿԼʵġ
һҵˣĽ޵¶İսȭͷûһת뿪
µܣ
תĽ޵±ס
һģĽƿƺȰ˵һ䡣
µܰˣܼĻŮ˶ġһĴˣҲСˣԺõɷ򣬲ôֻ֪õĻš
Ľ޵³ɨͷݸ˵ǡ
ȣҲΪãмǣǺˣ־ķǴСͻڽöѶ棬󳤴˿ûϢء
ݸ˻ٹǣΪʲôڻҪѾͷ̺أҾãݸ̫á
ĽסЩա
ֵģôôġء
С£һ𣿸Ǹˣأ㻹Ǹ꣬ǳɳĽ׶Σ·ʱһãǺã
Ľ޵΢ϿҳҾлݸ˵ļǣǵĲס󣬶
úãжǵôĽСС꣬ĵļһ磬ӣ⡣
СӣҵŮҲҺ
ĽƵʹˣа꣬ѧԺȥʱıǿ״Ԫ֮ࡣ
ĽƵѧҵҲ˲١ķ棬û̫
䷽棬Խļ
ûټʣҲǰһΪŮ֮ࡣ
ҲֻԺﲻԼֻԼ֮ġ
һ˼ҵѾͷʲôģֻļϣѧĺһЩ
ƺ֪룬һĽ޵¹һ顣
дŻܷĴʣЦü۶ˡ
ү̫ˣ֪Ҫⷽ顣
ҰݣſһˡÿŰɣûˡ滹кϽ飬ԺҶ
СѾͷ˷ܵ۾Ź⡣ϵͷúúãȥ飬ΪЩ¶
˵Ľ޵ҲǸлˡ
ѧԺɼеȣϲµġ
ȻȴҲĵѧԺͽϳĺԭԸ׽ӴݣҲ׼ȥͶ
ƽʱ˽ģƢЩŹֵҲʱĻٻȥ鹦Ρ
Ϊˣ²⣬С֪Լݵλ̫ۣԱǰ͵¡
Ȼλʵѧ汻ȥ
ҪȻĽ޵±ֵ֮ɫڻᱻصġ
Ҫҹȥһˣ˵ҪһλµʶҪһЩ
ĽƻûйСС
º͵Ʋۡ
СС˷ܵɫҲǻϲ
ܵˣǷˡŬһЩĪǼʧˡ
ţһֱһô
С͸Żϲ͸Ρ
˵ôѵȫûţ͵۾ܣݺݵͷ
ᣬһġ
ţϣΪҿš
Ƶ˵꣬תˡ
ͷЩ⡣
ΪʲôҪأ
Ī뵽ĽƶԼռ
УƵҲĽѵ
Լһ䣬ҵŮˣ
ѲɣСС꣬һ棬ԼĶռ˼ˡұĽƻռУԾҪԵķ棬Ҳռл


ڰʮ£ŮϣѾͷ7

Ŵ졣
ò˼š
⺢ӣĪ죬Ǳģ
СҲռҲȻˣ
ҹˮĽϴꡣһɼҪ뿪ݡ
Ѿͷҹһ𿴿һ顣
ǣĽȴһ߶ȥҪһ顣
Ǿ㹫һ
ƴǲˣֻܸȥ
׼¡ȴȻһֱͰ§˻
ſ
彩һ¡
ĪҶ
һ䲻๵Ļŵ񿇽һ𿴡
Ѿͷʵϡ
ϸ§š
˵ļſſϡ
Ѿͷš
ǹӡ
ɫ΢ö
ڿһʱľȺϽ
ůͻȻʧĽЩõ۾
ûүԺ󲻵뿪
ӣˣϢŰգСҲҪˡ
⻰ĽƲŲذɨԶɳ©
ʱҲȷʵǵܵҪʱ
ˣүҪ˯ˡһСӻš

תʱĽޱȡ
ԴײĽ޵һԺλӾԽİճ
жбķʾȨ
ż˵Ů˵ȡ
ʾǻһѾͷ˷ܣڴѡ
Ȼ˵ɾһ
ٷȥã뿪һλ߶
ϧ÷һ߶ٲҪȥˡϾĽ߶̺ꡣ
ȥ߶ѾͷҲġ
뵽üĽġ뷨ӣѧԺ档
˼ţʱһĹȥ
ʱҲˡ
ϽȥŴ򿪡
ѧԺҪԣҲѧȥͳһѧϰ
Ľ޵ҪţʵҪһʱ俴ɡ
ôţСҲֻҡͷ
Ǹĺӡ
ǵһС
нŲ
ͷƼ౲ݣ񵭵һЦŰգȥ׼̺ү
౲ݴӦһԽ׳תݶȥ
ʱ䣬౲ݵı仯ҲǴĲˡǸֻԷСѾԽĳ죬ġ
ģƲۡ
ԺŶһϮ
ԶҡҷĵƮŹŴվſڶ
ŲԽԽСߵһӳ۵ס
⼸ǳԵĺãû˸ִѹšСҲ˲ٵĸͷ
ԭݹιεСҲ˼⣬ɫҲ˲١
㣬ǻˡүġ
Сһүкš
֣꣬Ƴ侲Ȼ˫ڲסĻϲ۶ȴڿʱƯĻȡ
š
˼еܣСһƬͨ졣ɬľŹӣЦݸů
䣬ϽԺ
˵ţǰСһ졣
Խˡ
Լ˶дΧ
Ľ޵½ŲͣͰ
񿴵סҡͷҲȥΧһ
Ͻȥ氾˹ͷС¯ŵģһ룬ܰӶů͸ס
ãȥ
ͷϵҹˡ
ֽŶģһŨĹͷһ͹⣬ٶϼƬҶӣº󣬾;Ķůš
˵űȥļĵӣҲ
һССݾΪǵĹ
ҲҪСһһͷ
ĽݳСߺŵһʱڻƮһЩ⣬¾
ŮСæŸ⼸λү
һ߶һЩӡ˶̫ԡʵһŨĹͷһ͹⣬Ҳˡ
̫࣬˯Ĳá
ģģٸҹһƬ⡣
һƬ͹Юŵ棬һӵ˶ȻЦ
ĽݳɵЦ
ٺ٣úãһƬҲð⣬˵ǰҲôԵġԴôԽԽģ
ĽݳģҲԽ߶չʮͣԲԲĶӡ
߳ȥϵⶼڲ
Ϊ̴кЩѾͷĳʳǾ
κΣλүƺԽԽϲ⡣ƵЧ̫ԡ
ںƬ⣬һҪУЦ
Ľƽĳ˵ܰԽ֣СĵʱδĵҪӴ߳ȥ˵һѽ
ĽݳΡһʱڨڨվǶıӣ֪ǿУǲС



ڰʮ£ŮϣѾͷ8

үֲΪʲôö˵ǸءЩ껭ޣ˵иġԭֻܶôѾͷԺҲüˡ
˵ֿ꣬Сֻһӿ϶Ҫ˵Ĺ涨˵ģѾͷ׼ʡȻʣ߳ȥ˵ǸѾͷҪ˵ġɺãͷʹݹ뷨ȥɡͬѾͷˣǾǶҪġǲף˵ʵиһЩ
Ӳӵĺ涢ĽƽһĿ״
ĽƽһĽﻹǿ˵¶
˵ܣ˵ѾͷѾͷѰҲǳԵ̫ЩԺٲҪ˵ݡ
˵̧꣬ߡ
Ժ߶౲ݽ
ү

ţİӴ
ﴽ౲νĳ谮ʵҲ˰ֻһʣ
ƽʱҵѾͷϣˣмֵĳϢأ
ȵ˶ˣĽ޵²ü㣬̫ˡ
ͷҲ֪ģֻǿ˵ӡҲˣܿĻţ˭ҲԸųªšⲻ˵˿ôҲϲ
ǣԺϲҲУܲܿƽľͶȥɡչ飬ڻΪ
Ͽҵͷϴ˵ǣȷʵ¶ˡ˵ģҾԼǿͷ
ʵǱĽƻţҲǱռš
ĽƶռһҲᱻͨѾͷ֮ࡣ
ϧûΪ
֪ͺá
Ľ޵ҡͷСҲǰٰΡ
ǣָĺϲǿԳͷӡ
ϴɾԭִȥ˯
˭ȴӰܳһӰ
˭
ߺߣңĽݳ
һĽݳûô˯ôˣˡ
ĽݳٺͷллģһֱұˣѧԺ˵ӣʵΪϰ˵ġֻÿα˳ʱ򣬻ǻеںİɡǵһԸվάһӵģңҺܸл
С˵Ͻתܡ
۵һЦţȥ
ǺǣҲֻǣĿߣûҪΪ˵ģ
ԭĽݳеˣеȻԴһȴڿ졣
صԺԺҲһЩܼ顣
ԭĽ Ҫֹġ
ӣóӶһ°ɡū澿Ƕ˶ٳһЩ⡣չֵܣһԺĽݼҵĳʷһĴڣܰѵܵǹļã⣬ҲǼõ
Ľƽɨһ۲ԶཱུĽݳӣĸŮ˻ۡǰٰ㣬Ҳϲۡһ룬Ҳ͵ͷ
Ҳգܴ˲࣬˰æ֣ҲǼõġ
л¡л
ЦüӣĽҪšȴ
ӣūȥĶ
ȥıӰĽü
ѾͷƺԽ󣬾ԽԸ֫ϵĽӴ
Ҳˡ
תҲǳѡ
ĽƵҲ檣֮ͨġ
һݵѾͷҲС˵үǿһ˶öүӣĸڳǰûһŮءûλҲ˵ġ
˵ҲС
ңǿҲԽĻȣȥԺֻ¾ĳˡ
ٲ˼Ļѽ
ΪֹѧԺ꣬Ҳ׬һǧѡЩƴЦǼǮүļã׬ֵǮ
һǧڸǰү̵һСĿ
ҪԵ¶ѡ
뵽ЩǮ뷨Ҳûˡ
ڿЩҲҿˡʵ¶һһɡ
ѵѧԺ塣
Ϊֻһ죬ĽһֵǣԾͲȥȥҰȥ
ȫһСѾͷǣһ˵Ҫȥһ죬˷ȸԾĺܡ
һξȥƽɽһ߶ҰȥౣСߵȥҪԵġ㼸ȥᶫǸ缸ȥѾͷСǴŶ۸缸һ˭á
飬ĽƽһȺ˶˷
˸˵ԾͲҪˣȥ⼸ͷһﵽƽɽȥ



ڰʮ£ŮϣѾͷ9

ƽɽһԺ˵ǶһһʦˣүĽ飬Ҳ֪һȥ᲻һʦ
һʦǲĸˣ׾Ϳŵġ߰գȥһЩʽķòˡ
ҲÿкܶǮġ
ƽʱһҲɢżҪһһЩСģҪôȥһЩֽī֮ġ
ϵǮһ㶼ࡣ
ҲĽƣһǮҲͶһЩƽʱɢͬһݵֵǵҲǲġ
ӯ࣬ߺܵĸųһˡ
ҲˣĽݼҵһȺֵܻ
ѧԺĽҪõˡ
һȺ緢ǣһ·ܡ
౲һȺڳɹ
ӸʮӵĲãǿöⰡ
СﲻĬһεȥ
Ľ޵ѧϰҲСһѧӪڵСԽгңƽʱеʱҲĽ޵ɳǸһѧԵ顣
ΪˣڵСҲǿЩ¶һʴŵĿ
Сߣ˵ٵʣ
ĿЦѯʡ
һ˳ȥͳвڶʮ˵ˡôˣҲ׼һһҵʳȻŮӵĶԲһЩүǵθڿǲġ
ʮ⣬Źǣ⣬ȵȶһЩҪʮЩԵʲҲòʮˡҲ˵ǮǾ͵ûʮӡ
Եģʹһƣүһ϶óһЩƣʳѾͷȥЩӮ˵ĲͷͿʣµǮж٣ʱٿɡ
΢΢ףСҲһС¶ء
С߱佱۾ӲӵģǫǫţȫСƽʱ顣ҪҲѧôһЩġ
һ߶౲ƲƲ졣
һݿСĺðôСӣҾûһôѧĿġЩСǣƽʱҪѧҪöβѧġһЩĶǰһ͸ľһһͻˡ

Цţת㰲׵Щϵ¶Ӷţͺһ߶һһţһѵʳôƵĳ˳ǡ
㣬Ҳ߯ЩȻӶţţҲʡǮ֣Ȼŷ磬оҲʡ
ٺ٣ˣӶĻһЩ֮࣬ô÷ţֻţôһȺ˻һţѶҲӴˡؼģ۸񻹲ô󰡡һЩǮһ˷һ㣬ڷǮˡ
˵ţһ˷ʮͭǮһʮͭǮ˵࣬ǣôһ·ſ羰Ǯ׬СѾͷǵֺǺǶġ
ҲӣĹЦŴ
ӴӴ㲻ϲϲǮ
ҪǮ
ȴŵϽǮ
ҵҵඣҪ̤ȥ˵
ӣνҪǮҪɡ
ôս
һҪܵ˸
ܣһ
Сȴʱһ֡
ҪΧ۰ǮǮûΧ۷ѣǲݵġ
СֵĴӴӴƤѾͷӴǾĸһģˣûǮˡʵڲУСүһͭǮɣ
౲ҲʱٿһöͭǮ
аСϷǣݰɣǽǵġ
ѩ׵ϣŨŨı֮顣ԭʹǶЦģȴһʩᵱıһϵһȺŮǶĬˡ
⼸СӿһԲˣ˵ģʲô֡˵Щĵģһ˽Цɡ
౲ȴһ˰Զſɲ̫ã˵Ļóȥˮɲ̫˵һ¶Ӵ
˵ţ۶񣬡ƽʱҲǸ˵һ˶ôôĻӴ˰
˵ţϧҡͷ
ü˵ǡ
ǵһЦ
ݽôţҸһɼֻܶǣһöͭǮͿܣǲ̫Լ¶ˣ
˲ңҲˣ౲ݶľ͸浱ء
౲ݿҲᶥ۾Ź⡣
ӴӴҲԼ¶е˰Լһ¶ءҾͲףƾʲôүһߵ
ޣ¼ӡ



ڰʮ£ŮϣѾͷ10

ջҪ˺ƽʱá
Ҳһ䣬Ҳ񣬾㲻ҵһѾͷ˵౽ƽģĪӲźá㣬ң˱˴˵ꡣ
˶ǺˣȻգȴҲֻǵȻԡ
СС˶һ̵Ȼӣֱ⼸Χ۵Ķһҡͷ
ౣĪ֣ȥҶû
౲ȴĨᡣ
ǸūţҲļӣݵһҰū۸ң˵۸ƵġƽʱһСǰҲĵĽ³³ȥ
ԭ˵˵ġҲˡ
ţڸأƼһǰǰĳԯԼһˡ
λС磬ɷһ̣Ҽҽ㿴ЩգΪһǴһ³ա
ŻˣС߸קסɣһǻǺã
Ч⣬˭Ҳ֪˼ҸϳʲôˡСôɰģǱӸˣʹһȥ
Ī£СģҲףǹӵ˶
ԭҲû˼һĴӦʵʱҲЩ嶯ˡ̬һ౲ݣ̫¶ˡ
գǿȥǰƽɽȥ
һº͵ɤѯɤľǸɤҲԵҪ˳ǺεģֻһѯȴţϵļѾͷС˵ȫֱͦҪһ¡
ϽӦأǰƽɽȥġ
ţãҲǵǴط
Ƕл㡣
ָʾͷҲؾֱ³
Сż¶Ҳһ³
㣬һ
౲ûѾͷҪĴˣһʱǶ۾ͳȺϳǰǸϳ˲һѶ
СѳϵһЩһţͬ·ա
ڣǸº͵ɤٶ
л㣡
ûжƳķ˲ԸˣҲǰơǶǳ˶Щ棬;ðɣ˵ɤ̫ˡ
Ͱúˣ治֪ôܻֽġ
ڣһɤ
Ǻǡ
ٺ棬רעſǰķ羰ڵĶҲСࡣ
СȻЩţǿǰţϵԼˣٿСҲ͸侲
ССӣʲôϡ档
һָŵ¿ӣ¿ء
ǣء
һȺѼӣëģſʡ
Ǻǡ
ѽ㣬Щ«ܳء
«ǺãǼ۸Բ
뵽ȥгЩũƵӣҲҡͷ
㣿
ţ£Ǹ̾ѣ˭ܰЩڵĲ˴һЩũҲ˼۰
Ҳ̾һȴһ䣬˭ԸŲһŲ츣ˣҲòũкճɡֻԵĶԴ˵㣬ǲﻨ֮ġ
˼ǣֻҪ룬ôǸʵ
ºɤǺͬţ˵ǣѰ˼һ
һ񶼺ˣֳͬڵ߲ˣ츣Ĵڰ
Ҫֳͬڵ߲ˣл֮ģЩѶȡѾͷֵĻ˶ܲήǼõģչˣҲðᵽںϲС¶һֱţǿֳҪֻ߲ǣǱһ¶ȣн֮ĿɺķѲġ
ֹ
˵Ҳļ
ڳĬһº󣬳¶һźס
Ѿͷҽ˵
ǡ
ֻһۣ͵ʹü˳ͦģңͨĸɣ˲ɺӡ
Ȼ˵ҲһŸɵˡ
СѾͷССҲ֪ͦġ
ӽ͸ϷʡһЩ
ȴŵһѾͷҾһ߶Űա
˵̧꣬ͷһǰˡ
ɤžġ
ôһλ϶Ǹ˵º֮ˡ
ڿʱЩ㶡
ˡ
ڸĽƣʵҲǼϢĴڡ
ߵһλûʵ꣬Ҳһѵһӡ
ɣЩǰһλȻŵȣȴࡣ
˾Ƕ˿ҷڶǣ࣬Ķǣ̬̫īڵüĽëŰڰڵ۶ƺʱֺƱպŵġˮĴž뵽ۿɿڵӣҡһ˲䣬Լϲеһ˶



ڰʮ£ʦ

긧Щʹ࿹顣
գ˲һġ
Ƥ಻ǸơСѾͷƹˣ
ŵɤڶϡ
꣬ɾǿţҲĿĺܡ
ٿһۣŵͷĶϲ
һλǡλһʦ
ûģ˶֮ȴһֱüĴڡ룬ȴڴ˴
ʦ
ô֪ǴʦģְڽϡֻҪĲԣ˽͸
ǲŲæ
ȲǺϣң˵׵ڶ˶߶һλһῡܵӣˣѾͷٲ²ⲻǴʦǾֻҪһЩ
û뵽Ѿͷۼ⣬˵ҲɾĽؼСѾͷཱུģҲϲ˫ڴ۾ξĲȾһۼ
ѾͷƬӣмССͣȴ۲Ҳġ
ɲѾͷ͵ˣܲ²ʦݡ
Ѿͷƽʱ˽Ӵ˽϶࣬йڴʦĴ˵Ҳ࣬ڿʱһ˼ҲˡùӵĿ佱
СģСģĹɿɰƫȴ˵Ļ
Сģ۹ֱ֣һߵıһʦѾͷǸС˾ŵģƫҪϳɵѾͷŮͯɻģ
ʦǳǳһЦһ˲䣬ȴ·𿴼˲ŵʢ
ʦеΪβЦˣһЦ̫ϲ˽ˣŰռŴʦãݲ˿ȥЦʦͻΣյС
ԭһֱһ߶һȴһۡ
ףлѣСС˶Ҳ˵ļԵġ
ţǺǡ˴ʦĿ佱ɵɵ㶵Ц
СѾͷʵҲġʦͶĸֱˡ
֪ΪΣ;һλöԼ
ƺͬһˡ
ʦ˵Ҫ뷨Ϊص˼ҽһЩֲ˵⣬зӣ
ʱûУһʦ΢ЦţǸ⿴СѾͷУ
º͵ͷһȣУҾר̫˷ˡʵǱвٵҤҤĸ滮һЩһЩˣʵҲһִհȻֻȪĸҲһЩ
ȻһЩϱķӣҲǿʵеġ
һʦţף˵ļףֻչ޵ĺġ
ߣǾͳҵһһֱźձӵ񣬴ϻҪд©ȥ񣬵ǱůˣӦֳһЩһĲ
һ۱˴˶һۣƺ뵽ʲôһͷ
ûģǸ
˵أգԺĴ۾û֨
죬󱻴ʦɫĻˣԻǻҲ̫Щ
СѾͷļҵѾͷ
һɨǰˣͷԴʡ
СѾͷཱུģһһպˣԭͶ˵Ĵ۾ˮϲĽ
ɵɵЦңҲСˣʦ˼ҵӡ
ڴʦǸСС˶ʦɤСӶƮ
ţʦ˵ôžôšĽݸѾͷǹӷż٣ΪʱޣԾݹֵܽȥƽɽ֪ʦͬһڲѵġ
СѾͷһյҪȼˣ˫۾ҲԽҫ۶ĿʦԴϡ
ϲʦĳǻԵõԺ󻹿Բʱ
ѽ̫ˣʦҼֵоջ
һûе¶һ߶廰
ѾͷƬ˵ϸˣ㵱ʦ軨յİЩͿ˵ʦ
죬ЩԹ飬ֵǰ׷ĵһ̾գЩز̫򵥵İաҪ֪׷Ʒ֣Ǳ˳ģ
ԭͳལеĽ찧ԹţСģҲ˫Ѿ
ǣֵĶԣ׷Ʒ֣˵Ǽֳġ̾գҲв˳Թ˵ֵ̫ġ㣬У
ҡͷʾѾͷ̫ᴵţˣŶ˶ġ
ôڵģңǴ˼ҵһСѾͷƬӶǣֻÿɫĻֳ
һʦ΢΢ף㡣
л㡣ֲ˲䣬һ˷ܵĺˡ
˫ʵ۾ģ͸˿佱Сһ



ڰʮ£ŮϣѾͷ11

ɰСҲƵϲ˼ҵ˫Ѿһ¡һ°Ѿͷͷ׵ˣСίˣԹ۶
үѾͷͷˡ

ί۾˹һ۾Խ֣࣬Ҫ
Ͻһ߶ʦʦ㻤ͻѾͷɡ
ÿСһҲﴽŵɨҵ֣ĪΪСѾͷˡ
ôɰСѾСүţϲͶයһ¡Ҳֻ˵˵ͷõѣһҸ˿л㻤һģΣӴ
˵꣬Сظ¾һҲ˴ʵǴĶȡԼϲ٣ѾͷˣҲ治̫ġ
쵽ضˣǵƹЧʱԺԹ
ۣԹúáʦĽӴǶ顣һ㲻ص㣬ҪģǴʦǸ˶
Ĵһ۴ʦ֡ʦҪΪԼ
ãƣѾͷĻֵĺãʦҲԹɺã
ѯֺǵУһ̣һСԲ͸ʢ̫һûպϹ
СĵЦݣۺһ˵г̣һҲȤࡣ
ǰ档౲ݣԼ˳۵ļ˸󣬾͸߰Ƕ
˴Բ˵Щ˼顣
Ҳӻ
˵һǺ˵ģҳǺľءһҲǸͨ˲ãһôúľأ
мʶԿһЩСֹ
౲˺
һϸϸɫҲűˡ
ܣΧһȦɫ֯զһֻһּ򵥵ĺɫϡ
ȻҸһȥĻһֺɫĲϺм䡣
ΪһֿԸȵ֯ĲһĲ
ֻһߣҪٽ𡣶һĳ²ģǧ
һֵôǮĽݸҲû˸ĲĻ
һŵǳҲһ㡣
˵ĸоЩҪǮһ
ĲϵˣȴǸѾͷˡһ£ǱȳǧֻĲӬҪܡ
ҵ찡ǿǺ˿ϰ֪ӣֻһЩ˲õĵĲϣ׶Եġ˼ȴʹá
ûϳҲȲô
౲ŸϽȥϳˡ
һƣҲɵˡ
ǰûô˳Ρ
һϸƣŷǸϳ˰
ľһ߰Ƿġ
Ȼʮң޳֣ŨĽüһеֻ̬һۣٲϸơȻûǣͨƣȴ͸
һ˵򣬳˷ǸңڱĽݸҪߵĴڡ˼ңǻǺ˼ң
һʱ䣬౲ݵ˲
Ҳʱͣ
һ³ʼᶫ
౲ݻǲģϸųˡ
ȿӳƲ졣Ѿͷ·ҲûζɻйŽء
ʦ
ʱһ˴ӳ߳
ڿ˵˲䣬౵һӾͺˡ
ӳˣһϮɫ˿ʳ£ѥͶ䣬Ǹ߹ţаںһһֳĸ߹󲻷΢һͷ˿΢΢һҲΪͷƺĸҫۡ
ת
⻹
ȵ˶ֹͣ˺౲ݸ˶Ϣԭأɴ۾Լġ
һʦ
һ˫͸ɫģ屦Ƶͫһ˵ˣǴ˵еһʦ
Ǹʱ򣬻Ƶ˵һʦĴڡ
û뵽һʦǵФСҲܣ˽һһ·
ֻǣڿһѾͷԴʱ౲һӴӼѹ
Ѿͷ³ȴһʦѹ֣һĳȫúɫ˿ɵġΪֻһʦʸĳ
СѾͷĻĪҪʧźá
һһϽͷƯľѶʢˮһεһߵֶ֣˼ҵ˫Ѿһѡ
ֻǵ͸ʦͲ֪ˣ
ʱ˸ˣ
һףϽӦ磡
磬һλǸˣҪһѾͷ磡



ڰʮ£ŮϣѾͷ12

²˽˭Ҳϰ
һʱǶ֨
λӣһ
ôһ磬㻹ˣ
ϽӦɣȻɲǸƢģƷǲ±ӵӦ
һʦЦ
һ£ﻹܾ
±ϽӦлл磬ʱҲΪͼѾͷĻϣ˸ۣĪͺá
УϽȥŪЩաȻø͵Ĳãʱͷ
࣬ϽһߺͣһĿǰ
ȵɽȥˣС߲Ŵչ
㣬һʦô
ɽϵԺһʦԺãǲһʦ𣿡
Сһզ࣬ˣǸһλ˭أźðҲиģ
⣬ҲüҲû롣
ţ౲һеǰˣĽ
ֱӣǰһ־Ͳ˺ü¡
ѽʲô
ȴģ́ͷٲ˲·ͷȵȡ
ٺ٣մĸˡǼһʦĴڰôÿһˣһϰҲմ˴ʦġҲ䣬մմˡ
ۡûסֵӴ
ǣСԥһºҲǰ㣬Ҳ䣬մմ
˵ţСһҲǸǰ䰡մġ
˵Ҳ̫˰ɣġ
Ȼͱ졣
Ϊһĺüһ䣬մմ
󣬳Ǹǰų౲ҪûմմԵˣմˡ
˵ǰ·ͷ
Űֻһͷ֪Ƕɢˡ
ƫƫһĿҵӣǻϲĺܡ
𣬸Цš
ðԭͰ˵¶ܸоǲʳ˼̻ζһºˣȻǹ㣬ͷһЩŰɣ;е˼ķ˶
ԵģСҲǼÿģôƶ˳ۡС߸Ͻ͡
һ߶౲һŲ
ǰ
ɺˣ㲻֪ղСմʱͲûˡҲ֪ôģѧԺ׻˼ꡣѧЩϵնԺֻǹҲһء
ɱ˵ɲôΪϾ౲Ҳһֱλʵƽү
ߣ˰ϸүǵĴ齣˼ҿɲһհǵģǲ̵ͬ⣬˽ѧԺͺү¶ˡ
ĪҪ˵ŵġ
ĽƽʵҲʮꡣôС꣬ôͺŮһء
ߣ㵱˵Ϲİм㲻֪ǶһȥɢȥˣΪֱۣڹûȥºֵһۡǡĺģôСͿʼΪ౰
Ҫ˵ɣ౲Ҳʮˡ
ĽƽʮһЩʱҲһЩǳ׵ġͳ׵ģһЩƶҲŻСһ˵Ǵ˼ңӶʮſʼסв˶ȸżЩ¶еɾˣʮ˵ʮҲųס
һĽ
ʵҲʮˣȴûŮˣ֮ġ
Ͼ˻Ҫɾͣмͥʲôĸá
֮¶ö֪ˣôءһͨѾͷ浱ԼҪԾ֦ͷء
𼫿ౣƽʱҲôԷʱ˵Ҳ˿Ҳġ
ˣѾͷıݾͺáȰǣЩ鷳顣
ȴǰͷһᣬϸϸ
ʵɣ㵽治żġү㾳ֻ㳤ﵱѵġֻǾͲ֪ȥδˣ
İü
ǻСӵ˼ûҪȥ²⡣˵ˣҾãڵãΪηҪǵأ
΢ȣһδʮһۡ
˵ŮѾͷҲһƾ͸ˮ˶һҪǲᱻֻ£ʱҲᱻλүϡǺǣǸҲ˵Цģ¹ǶүүүүЩꡭ˲ٵѾͷݲġ
˻һ٣صһ䡣
һλظɻǵãʱүǶüġүǸôҪǸԵ˶˵ǶүҪ㡭
⻰ɫˡ


ڰʮ£ŮϣѾͷ13

ļλүûһĺ˶
ǴүҲڵĺүҲǸвٵҰҰݵĴڡ
Ȼ˵ĽݸүǸĿܳȻ򣬾үүֻ£ԵĶЩ黨մݵĴڡ
ԽĳɫֻǰҪǿǰ
ٳҲˣƤҲʤѩˮģžһѡȻΪССͣȴᱻĽϣǿд߶ֻΪ˳󡭡
һ뵽ĽԼǿ񣬻аռľֹľ;һŶ
˵ūҲԸǵ˵ܡ
ٸԼһԼ£Բ䡣
ǵҰ⽼ΣǿֶҰԵġ
мСˣֹŸԵ顣
;˿౲˵Ҫȥ𣬲úٹʱһ졣
·ҲЩĴ󲻾ãĽƽҲų
ɫ⣬͸һɫ
ˡ
һСǣɫ˲ࡣ
չػһˣһ౲ǻ͸űεҲǰ˵ֻȷġ
ѾͷͰԼͲĹӸ֡
Ľƽԭ͸岻̫õˡôСͿʼŮɫУԺ󳤴ˣܺõĵȥ
Ҳ֪һ֪ˣʱ᲻ᴦ౲ݡ
ҰȻǿӶࡣ
ҲǱزٵġ
ȫζ͸ȥˡ
Сߺ⼸Сһ߶Ϊǿ⴮˾ϡ
Զ ļλүǣһ߶ʫһ߶ųеѾͷ˶ǡ
ʱʱģҰ㣬ԵĿζ׷ζһ˰Ĺүǣʱö
ףɽϵԺˣŶҪͳʳô
˿棬ڵһͣ¶רעɽͯ
ǸѾĽݸѾͷҼ͡

˸Ͻָ
Ľ
һ߶һİ֮Ǻ涢һϸƣߺ
ӴӴѾͷĻƯء
ĽüЩá
Ưȫ˶Ư˵
տͬҡͷƽˣҵǾãλﶨǸƯĴ˶ԵĻֻССͣɿľ֮ٸһ꣬žʹ۶Ĵˡ
ѾͷǸªġ
ĽƲãһǿЩϲֱԼѾͷˣˣ羰Ǳ߶ˡ
ⰲ֮ͳտͬ˶
ŤͷһƲԶֻһͨС㣬Ʋ죬Ѿͷˮ鰡۹⣬֪õ߶š
˻ҪûֹĹעС㣬һ߶һֱĽ޵һ䡣
ɽϵԺôͳԵĸأ
԰ɽϵԺ˵һʦľһʦߣҲΪ¶ͣھˡƽʱ˽ԺҲҲģ˵ҪɽһЩԵѵԺбˣѾͷн飿
ĽҲƶءС߹ϸѯʡ

£С߱ѽڳϷ򵥵˵˳
Ŷ˵ѾͷȻΪ
ǵģӡʱϺö˿ģʱˡСҲ۸ˣЦĴڡ
ĽƿŲԶĽƽɫѿࡣ
ǰ֮һ
˵Ѿͷһʦһλһ棿³ʱ Ǹ˻Ѿͷӣ
ǵģʱǶ
֮üԶ
Ҳ²ⲻһʦһˣң˵⣬ֻˡ˵Ķүˡ
˵ү
һ£ĽƵҲ౲۸ԼѾͷתƹ
ǵģүȻᣬȴһʦཻһλүһֱҲǾȽ϶صĴڣһˣѹ
˵֮Щԥ⼸ͬѯ֮
֮ɸϽ˵˵үôصĴڣ
Ҫ˵ɣ˵үó裬Ҳ̫óġǲóɣô棬ȴǼ˸ڵĴڡ˵үǸۻĴڣΪڹǰš֮ɣǿмүʮʱ򣬱ģ֮үһʮͳĴڡڣҲ˲ѽ
ˡ
ӵԼ˽˸ڣһһүȻǱĶࡣ
ǣҲӴ˵ˣһλүֻ´ӴԺ󣬱ǸλʧԵ֡
Ҫ֪ǱүصĻӣ̵߽ľӶࡣ
ǰųڣ˵Ҳˡ
һλҲΪҪһѾͷˡǣһǺǣҪΰѾͷٵһѾͷأ
⻰Ǹ
ĽƵɫҲЩÿˡ
£üλӻظүǻ㱨һѾͷĵ˶үá
ĸܣʹүӣ
һݵλȻͬġ
룬ūš
ūţôģʲô
һ£ĽҲʼͷʹˡ



ھʮ£ŮϣѾͷ14

ǹ뵽һ㣬౲ݣҲ뵽˴˴
ɽϵʱСָĽƵ˵
һλ
һǶүҲǶүһλֵܣƺƽʱǸŶүġ
ڿ۵˲䣬֮˵һ
һĽҲȥһ롣
ֻҪǶүѾͷã¶ð졣һүֵܣȻѾͷݸ߹һЩҲüͰ
һͻߵѾͷһ룬ɫҲࡣ
Ľ޵£̾һ
ǶүС㣬ͿԵõܶҪõ顣ӴԺҲӵԼԺӣһ»ݵġ
뵽úĽҪ뿪ѧԺʱСҲҪ뿪ĻǼȲġ
Ͼû뿪ѧԺʱңѧԺ棬ǰ˽ӴҲҪࡣ
Ǿ˾˰æҵһˣԽɳֻҪʱգʱͶܰǴһƬء
뵽ҲǰԸ̾ȻҰǴУҲһװЩ꣬ƾ潻ЩˣҲ𽥰Ѿ˾̵·˳ˡ·УƵС
ȻͲ󣬵ҲӵһЩҵĴڡǰ꣬ڸﷲ¶Ҫ˵ĴڡҲøлСЩһЩ⡣Ȼô͵õЩ̻
뵽Ľ޵͵˸ն㱨ҵ
һҺ̽ύˣҴõ˲صľˮȵȡС˵ĻȷʵǼġÿһܽߣȻǵ̶ӣֻ»ܿٵķչ
ţһٰһЩϷҩһЩֻ£һҪһЩˡ
ܰæģҲǰһЩ顣
ݵһЩش飬ָĽ޵ɳȥ˽Ӵ̸УȻһ··̺á
ܴһͨСˣԾڷеִˡ
̿·յСҲĽһЩϵˡ
ʱ¶ЩҲܰһæ
˿Ľ޵¶СҲЩġ
С㣬ôǰԤ⵽Щأ
Ϊȥ˰㵱ЩʲôǵĻóһЩķԼЩһƲ⡣
Ҳֻ˵ǴġЩ¶ԼȥҲǲԵġϧûˡ
Ľ޵һ߶ųȥ˺󣬵ҲһЩ顣
ˣ˵ҰĲСȻĿǰܿһЩ̴Ҳ֡
뵽Ǹ۾ˣü΢΢
Ǹ˵۾һ͸¶ԽԽȵҰġ
ҰǺ¶ǰɣҰ̫ƿزãǿɾ鷳ˡ
С㣬ǰ˲ã˲ɡѡĿǰ˵ҲֻˡĿǰΪֹǾľ¶
ǾͺãָֻһЩԵ顣ǱߵˣҲǣһ㡣⼸꣬˾˰æе飬Ҳǳͷ
ᵽ£Ľ޵ҲЦӦǡ
ţ˾Ҳǵ˺ö֪ҵǮҸҲûô׾ݣȻֻϵ˾ɰ˾Ҳҵˡ
ͺãǻҵһ˲ţԴ˺һ໥¶͸ˡ
ǾãһҰ̫ˣֻµڣûǣƵ£ʱ׳鷳
ʵĽ޵Ҳһ㡣ѡţҲֻţ
СĪҪǣҲ¶ġǰҵ¶ȥʱûһʡ͵ĵơǻܵõ棬ֻܱĻҪ١֮Щ꣬һ߶õ˲׬Ǯ⡣ŷĺܡǻģһȥһɺããҲþûȥ¥Թˡжһȥһ¡
һ˰һεĽ㣬ƽʱ򣬼ȥľ¥
һҾ¥ҲĽ޵µķֺãһҲҵ
ھ棬ǶҲֻһصĵطΪĻϰ岻һЩƦ֮ǰȥɧţڵӪҵҲһ͸Ʀˣ׬Ǯʱ򣬲ࡣ
һʦӴһЩλ˵ǶүֵܣҲܻ߶һʱǳȥǱ߾¥ԷһƦӾͲȥˡ
С˷Ľ޵ףǿԣʱ㾡շλۡ
һҪָʾ



ھʮһ£ŮϣѾͷ15

˵Żأ֮Զ
Ľ޵¸Ͻͷǰ֮󣬼Ľ޵һţȴϡ
Ѿͷ˵ǵһʦĳģ
ǵĹӣһʦǸˣأѾͷϡ
Ц۵Ĵ棬һҲڸղţָʾĽ޵Ҫνһ߳
ѾͷڳţǸİȻôʦô˲ӣƫƫҪһأ
֮ŹŹɫ
֪һʦǸŹ֮ˡ
ƽʱɲԵʵľʹˣһЩνķ˰ĺ¶
£ȨŰ
ѾͷͲˡҪ׷Ҳֻ˵ѾͷԵְաȻ˵һΪԼǰһ֪ÿһʦԺ
ʱ౲һƣһЩӴ̼౲ݵ飬Ϊ˵һᣬʦӴ
һ㣬ΪѾͷҲֻˡΪһһʦ˽⣬ȻͶá
ֻ£ϲ˵ġ
֮ӣҪһѾͷĹͷζǲġ
Цݣ˾ٿ롣
ĵӳϣǶһõĽ⣬ǷۺĻһ˲䣬֮Լķ羰
ãһ롣
ԭeģһȴҲÿڿʵĽ
һЩ
΢ЦЦݰݵǰ
ִټӹ룬ȴСĴССֶ
ǻĴУ絼һ㣬һӾպˡ
㣡
ӦС￴Լ֮վǶ̫ˣȴһ졣
Ӳûֻ֨
Ҩ̧ͷײλӿ۶һ㶣סЦһЩĪ˲ͣء
Ļİ֮һɨաͷţţ
ȵյһʱϵЦ͡
ͻȻҲӵһ˵ᣬҲСѾͷƬѾͷ̺ţաʱͻȻĽĽƣλӣ˫ȫһƯѾͷ̺š
һ˳УСѾͷСǶǻϲѵġ
ǸΪԼһ˳ջ٣ֿôĺóԵġҪģ֪һʦȻҲģһСѾͷƬһ档
һصѧԺͱȥһֱҪ͵һ̻ǱѧԺĲ˶ˡ
磬һһеļС飬ѲʱƼԺ滹ء
ӣƽʱҲǼһλˡ
£ѧԺЩѾͷС˵һЩлػһǵ֮ġ
λҲƽʱתһʺһŵģҲǼټġ
Ͻ²Ҫ־Ͱק
ʾߵһӰĲᵽԶȥ
ٻͷ
ţǸġ˵һһʦľദǺξ
ǣҪϸһʦԼһЩ
ͷЩ˻
ˣġ
СѾͷϸ˵ʦദһУ档ҲƵ档ȵˣСֶ
ǰһ̫ŵģϾʦǺεģ׵һѾͷǸиģڰϻŴʦҼǷ˵ǲţҪѯһţȷʵǺ¶ˣһء
˵ţǣٵĵطȥ
ԺмСѾͷ֮Ļڡ
ģǼĸСӣǰѳסⲻӣȻ̵Ĳ˵̫ɫҲǿԸҺĴڡѰ˼ŵҲ⣬Ը⣬ָҼСӡĪͻ˵¶ʵǣҼСӡǸġ
СҲúʱ˼ѾͷǿۣĪȢ⵱ԭҲǸĸĸζƽʱźǺͷҵġ
ʱһǿţҲ˿ڡүĻ˵һʦѾͷн飬һֱ飬ҲͻԾϾܵһʦѾͷȻǸūţҲһūŲһաŵԼҵϱҲ˶ӵҪ
ǺүԼҷӣʱѾͷūˣҲʧΪһˡʵǣҲڶѾͷ棬˳۶
֪¶˵ˣֻⲻûᱻõ˵ˣ
㶢ƣҲεҪǣҲǴ󷽵˶ֻһ˼Ҳͳ˸лѡ
ҲĪҪԹңʵѾͷݵģƵ۵ġ˲һġҼǸӵģҲǸ˳ĵ˶Ͽ㣬ҲǾѾͷΪ˻飬Ҳ˳ۣȢҼҵġֻǣͨҼˣűʦȥ㸮Ȣһ¶



ھʮ£ŮϣѾͷ16

ò˵Ǵʮ֮ȢҲФܼ޸һּͨļͥǣչΪūŵ˺ǣǻ֮飬ġ
ˣ¡ѾͷʱǻظġǷ˲ݴºѾͷٻظ
£ǸĸףҲѯһġ
֪֪£ԭҲû͵õǵĴ𰸶չ飬˼ҸĹҲǶġѾͷʱ£˵ӻϸѧԺ氡ҲϲӴЩгС
СüĿ续ģԽԽϲ
Ҫģˣһһĺá
ȻȢһūѾͷΪԼĶϱ
ǵУѾͷŷ
ҲЦӭͳȥ󣬻ӭ౲ݸӵ
һЦûᡣ
౲ݣ죬ľᡣ
Ѿͷãһʦݵλͬ
ֻ£˵֪ϢҲͬġһãʵҲǼ׵¶ǣҪӵģǸ޸ùϵ
һʱ䣬౲ҲǾյĺܣ֪ѾͷƬ˺ҲĪҪ԰
Ǳ߶ĽݸļλˣһһеľۺһǰԺʶһ
еģ㿪ʼ˵ĸ
⸮ĸǰҲ˭Ƕݸã˵СӰɣôôļӴһ۾Ǹǰ;Ѿͷ
⼸컹æԼС檵¶⼸ءʱһ˵û
˵ɩ⻰˼ĪǺҵԺһλѾͷգ
⻰˵Ҳ˵ˡ
ǳһλĳζЩһϾӵѾͷǴǸǿҪġº˲ٵȥҲչ˿ġ
ƽһ㶣¾֪̫ˡ
һð㻹̫ˣǴ۶ݸǸõġĪǣϢ㻹֪
ŶǺ¶ֵĽҼݸġȻǺҪϳһЩҲֵɩ佱գ
һ߶峤˶ˣüͷѾͷô¶ô˵ݸѾͷȻżһʦһһ̣
ĺһϣһʦҼݸѾͷһǣҼݸһʦ
ЦЦһۡ
ǲ˵ģֻǾ˵ǼѾͷСһЩǼݸѾͷͶ˳룬ɣȻͺɲɵģһʦĳò˵֮䣬ģ
ؿ˦ӡ
ӴӴҼݸ۶ġôѾͷҪͷҪǸѾͷƬֽţһʦҲѾͷǸõءǼݸĳĲһãǸ۾ģǡ⵱ҲӴ
һɪɰ⼸Ȼζ
ǣҪô˵ݸǸ۾Ӵ˵ƽЩ±ϽԲ
ƤЦⲻЦüҪ˵ɣѾͷһҲǸиģȻǸôôϲҪѽҼҺү߶ȱһѾͷǰЩʱָɼȥһѰ˼أҪһȥΪӴ
λˣ⿴ѾͷôôΪˣ
ƽŲ˲죬ü
ɲΪǵ˵ôү˵ˣ˵Ͳģģ˻ҪƯģҪģݸɾġ˵⼸һȥѽ
üһӶ𡣶ףҪǶЩҲûеġ⻰˵󣬱۶һߵ̡
һӴӴⲻǰ˵үߵǸѾͷɲʵѡô
һЦ˦˦ӡ
Ҫ˵ɣ⸮ֳɵİֻ˿񡣿ǣչǺүҪ˰ָҪһѾͷΪдôءһǸҪźõѽ䣬һؿģİҲģ
ؿĵû⼸˵Ļ㶵ĺǺԲ˹ȥ
ת򷸳Լߵӣ谡˵ǼҪҪݸߵѾͷ˰գǸչǺүҪһͨѾͷǸҲ㣬ԺǸǺáչ飬⸮棬ϴŵģǰˣݸ룿



ھʮ£ŮϣѾͷ17

ˣүһ߶޷˵ġǰѾͷһʦĴûǲᱻ˹עġʱҪסҲǲˡǺүҪˣֻ£ʱȫѾͷһǲɱҪݸ֣ͨȫ˺үһ߶ɡ
⸮үǸӡ
Ȼ˼Ů˲Ľݸ
ȻĽݸȴźүġ
ңһκүҲǳĽݸҫܵһЩȨƣǳڳš
һ߶ϲ̫ϲүӦøһҲٵġ
үҪˣȫ£һһԺĲһкá
ϸ˵ƽ˵ʵҲǰ˸кˡ
ˣǺӾ˼ǣ⵱ĸ׵ҲǴⲻãҸͨѾͷȥա
һҲһ߶
үҪˣΪһЩ񣬼ȻˣǾͰѺҸѾͷϱ׼Ķɫһ
ڶ˻ˣһҵˣ
ۿ巿˶ؿһü󣬲òһĽʱһ߶̽
ģ㻻ʹһЩģԸһЩѾͷ̺ɡǸѾͷչ黹Сˡ
ĽƻڳӶҪԼߵѾͷ¾Ͳˡ
ĸ˵ʲôõĺúöģҪѾͷⲻΪѺô
ؿ̾ΪѿԼҺӣģҲǷҪߵѾͷʵѾͷΪͷϾﱣסѽ
ĽһӶ⸮ҲΪѵ飿˭ҪҪǸѾͷ
ͱ˵ӣҲǰľѾͷڶӵλûҪġ¶Ѱ찡
⸮ﲢʲôҲ巿һԺǿǴ¶Ҫġ
⻹ֻ巿Ժ棬ﶼȫ
ĳкүǵҵ̣ο˵滹һĴڡĽݼҰŲʲǫ̂ﰡԡ
ɬȻһЦϣǶ飬䣬κһ棬ɾͣΪ¶ԺܶԳһˣѽǣҪ㵽ڳĵλǻ÷ܶð
ʵɣһӻܲܿᡣϾ˼ҳǺүоĴڣ˾Ľݼ塭һٹ⣬巿˻Ҫͷ̸ˡ
ĽȻ¶׺
һҪˣ
ӰһλҪҪģһѾͷ޷άǰ⸮ˣū澣ǣλҪЩ˲ǹԹԵȥôƻúöţǡһλģ
ϣԺиԵķҲƼҵҡǣģǳĺүԼĻߣڡ
ĺүƲƼҲ¶˼ҡҲɵĴڰ˵ֻҪүԸ⣬ʱؿûȥ
ҲΪ⣬ƽ˲ŻһֱԸڳԺšЩӵĺԺ¶˼ҲΪ㣬ģ;ġ
ӲӦģڣȥǺүǺǡҲ˵ҲţΪһѾͷֶˣ
㡭
ؿĴӣת뿪
ߵζһۣˣһ̽ʲôѽӣȷʵǶѾͷġССͣô˹ӵ۶󣬲˵Ҳǹ檵ķݶˡ
檣˼ңȻҪѾͷҲֻǸķλ檵ķݰ⺢Ǻְ
˵üЩϲ
ʵǣԼúõĶӣôѾͷءӦһĶ⵱ôȴΪһѾͷڣǺүǣȻ봳һ
˰飬ŹӰգҪ˼϶ʱҲΪء
ţǾǲϲѾͷֵݸԴء
֪вʣֻǵһЦûٽӻ
Ľת߳ԺȻƽĺܡ
һ뵽ЦཱུģԼһ˫۾
ĪģľǾòĺܡ
תԺȥ
Ŵ˶һƿĽƵķţ㱻һק˻
ӡ



ھʮ£ŮϣѾͷ18

קײӲţ񾪺
ԴϱǿаѹǰѾͷĪ£˭ҪҲɿڣҵģҵģȵٴһЩҾΪ۸㡣
Ĭˣüһš
ӣҪѾͷô
Ī£ӻỤġ
ĽҡͷҪ۵Ĵ
ȴǸϽ
ӣūȥˡ
ŻȥѾͷĽɵЦҡͷѾͷء
ת󣬼·ϣȴ൱ķС
ʵǣһ뵽ղűǸ§ڻ;òǺǡ
Щ֪֪뵱κһ˵ԣԸ⵱ӵϱһСĸҲȵȨ˼ҵĺá
ֻǣӵô
ϣ̺Ľƺ˻ȥ˺Ժ
ӻԺһֱֻǴҴææ븮ĸλɨһۡ
ЩûļĽӴҲ֪ԼõĽ޵ºԺܲܳСϾһСѾͷССǣöҲ⸮һЩҪְҪλ
統ǸԸңֽҲǴһܸɵСˡǹСԣˣǿڶ佱ġһУȻҲĪĸϵ
ŲæӭŻ㣬Ľ޵µĺԺ
߻ר־顣
С߿ˣϲܳ
ģֻҪź󣬹ӾǼ˻˷ϢȥˡԺԺֻҺ͹ڡٺ٣ֻ֮ҪǸӺʵͼķ
ҹǸ˼ԶġǣСһ顣ҳˡߵĽǣһܵ˴˿佱˷
ɰֱƵ񿩿ֱ֡ǣ㳤ˣ˾ͲýǰɣȥԺţ½ˣʱ򶨸ӺóԵġ
½ˡ
˵ŻأµĽŲ
±ôꡣʮͣһõ͡ˣƵϣһ˫ǳͫ翴һ
ޱȵѾͷͱԺ˶ţЩ꣬ƽ˵ߣҲԽΣˡ
Ҫ֪ƽ棬Ҳһӿʮˡ
Ǹү˵ҲǸԼġ
뵽Щ޵¾Щ
峺ӯһ⣬յԼСǵӣš˵ﰡü˼ӣѲССͿʼ˶ɣ
࣬ţأڳͣͿʼ˵ˡ
Ļٶ˵ȴǵһЦġ
ҲáүūˣҪˣƽҲǳصģֱӾˡ
ķһλӣ˵һңҪҳ飬ҲǼƽ˾ˡ˵ΪүˣҼƽ˵˼ƺҪ͵ү߶һҾĻ䳾˰ա
û˸֮飬෴ģƽͣȴü
Ҳ˵һ¶ӲˣҪ˵ô
ȴǽ֣ͷһͰСߡȥҹһգҴСǶ˳ĶĸСԣ˳˻԰õ⣬ǳһξͷŲȥ
Сһ˵õ⣬˷ܵŰĽ޵·ܡ
лл½㡣
Զˣ²ŻͷǣԺȥ
ҵСģ⸮㻹ҪôΪͨΪҪôҪūǵˡūŵˣɻǵãǸսʱǸСӣҲǱүˣռ˼ҵº󣬻ֻǸһЩ¶Сܲˣһ˿ŵʱ˾˺СһֱһˣںԺĴŴ
ᵽ¶Ҳ겻ѡ⸮H¶Ҫپжġ
ūŵޣͨһЩˡˣֻҪûݣãЩӹǣһֱҲƣ
Գ
ŵ֡
һֻϸɫ𪣬ָžƵġָиֻһֶֻˣ˵֫
ο˵´СƯⷬ˶
ǴУƯīü١һŮѹͱȲϡ
Ѿͷȷһ۾ױүУúðĴڡ
һʱ䣬ҲǳĬˡ
С㣬˵ңһΣ㣬ҲӺүһء
үҪôһ澪ˡ
ţ˵һιҪ˰աʱһظֻ⸮ĸҲôˡ
ǣ÷л˵



ھʮ£ŮϣѾͷ19

÷ǸͰǴ븮ǸŮˣ֪үҪҲ֪кж
ʵһξ㱻ѡүҲһǵū澣Ͼ÷һɻǲȷ顣ܱ÷͸ƽˣҲûġ
ǲ÷߶ģǣҲȷʵ÷ѡ븮ġ
ֻ˵ĺԺһλС㡣
ºƽ˵һѾͷ߳ Ϊֺƽˣ
˵˵ȥҲһԵְա
ԵģʵүԵŹӵﻹиģȻҲǷ飬ȻҲһױƿصĴڡõĺãĿ÷һۡ
мת
÷ƿ˳ڣƿ򸮵һУ᲻һߵԺһЩ
С㣬Щ¶ŰաҲΪүǸɫжˣôǰӡһˣȻίˣкηĸ⸮һүǹū֮ģ˺үء
˵ϡƽ
ȴ޷
ֻǣүʮͷأôϣµĵ´డô绨ͷһĹȥһϵͷôҲÿĻš
ǺǣүҲʮͷѡ⾩棬ʮ껹СѾͷүǣǲġүˣҪƯСΪˣҲǴѵΪֹүһֱķˡ
¶˭Ҳġ
ˣǽ˵ЩԵģЩ¶Īˡ
ͷʹԴԸٶ˵
Ҳ΢΢һЦת⸮һ
ǸȷʵΪүҪʵ˲١
ɲôүүһֱǸ벻ߵģŻǺأȥ¶үǸʫģǰ¥һЩ˻廭˵үҪƺҲٺˡǼϵóͨ˵ϴ裬
⸮Ƕү˵ߣ˼Ҳ⸮˾ͷһλүȻ򣬵ΪֹҲֻǾ˸ɵĹٶš
ԵģûдΪ
Ƿ绨ѩµ¶ԽˡԴӵˣӣ͸ĿѾͷݡ
⸮үɵͨѾͷ࣬үˡ
Ҳʡ͵ƣΪֹԼӣǶүҲŮԣĿǰΪֹ˶һ
۵ū澵ģҲֻܿˡҺŰգƺүĹἤʲôķˡǵĻᣬҲܻеġ
˵˸¶˵⸣ŵ¶
⸣ҲһλǰĴڡȥָһЩ˲ţǵҵĿɷչ
ڸ浱һūţгϢġ
ҪĻǵǮˣ
ҪΪ𸴣һеĻǶĺܡ
ԣһֱڷչ׳⸣ŵʱҲšһɾǮԺ󣬻һЩǮԺ濪Դʽ
ǰһǮ·֧ŵĸֺôһȻһūţҲΪԼҺúıһ
ȻҲ⸣ŵֵܽǡ
ϼȥ棬ǵ¶ԭǸ¶ˡСҲ⸮浱һүŵӡԺܵ˶үĸ߿ʦүй֮ǲɱġ
оŹӵһҲҪȥˡ
һǳ׵ˡ
ŶҪȥˣεƽΪĽ޵µʦүǿǺķ˲ٵľѽ
ǸҲȷʵ˵á֪ʶԨ˵ңؼ棬˶ʮɹ¡£ǿһ˶Ȳϵġ
ԣ⸣ŵҵҲҪˡСǰЩǮЩĻǮ˵ȻرĶ࣬һЩӪҲǿԵġ
ããкȥ棬һŹǰֻһ˵ľ棬ҪŤתˡ
һ˵Щ⣬ǲһžŹӵȨưգ
ôܷĵģŹҵԽԽ󡣴̶ӣ¥ׯСָҶǵķݶôӪ˵һܲҰôҲǡĲġ
ΪȻ
⵽ҲȷʵҪǰһϾһۣͻһЩǵŹҲңúүϲ֪飬ʱȻ⸮˲˵̫࣬ȻչҲǲġ
ɲ۶Ĺ򰡣ɬСӣҲһҵˡ
ᵽͳ¡Ҫ˵Źһ󡭡



ھʮ£ŮϣѾͷ20

΢ŶҪҪң
ôһҲ߰Ŷ
ȴƲ죬ɶģҵĵһ۶ʱʹ۶ÿҾһͨӡҪŹӰ¶ǰרң˵ʲôҪһĵλҵȵȵɵ
ôû˵Щˣһֱ¶˵ġô飬Ȼ
µƳһۣĪе¶ҺοҪ˵˵ˣѰʱҲѵõľһġȻһҲ˵Щ飬⸮ĴСɵ˵ɵء

Ż벻£һѹˡ
ȻǼ´СͰ̫͸
ΪֹûЩ԰黹δ㽵ĸо
Ҳ˵ϲ£ֻ£δҪõĻǼѵġ
ȣʵ˻ǲġôʱѾŹӵӪһλݹ棬ûġ
ΣûгΪһүʱ⸮ѾͷʱҪңƾ¡ڵҪһ𣬲ǵͬУֻҪһӦˣҾһū澣Ǹ׸ĴڣһЩеûģ̤ʵĳԺÿһ죬һЩܰ쵽顣
侲£һͷʹˡǺõģ¶Ҳףǣ鰮ϿϣеѶˡ
˵ӻʱ룬Ҳʹ˷롣
תȥʱ򣬻ǰС߳ʳ
Щ꣬Դ巿Ժ̺ǸСȻҲ࣬ô˵ܹȥġ
ȻҲǸμҪǿĴڣΪҲЩǶ巿һԺǶ㲻ңҲΪ㡣
ҲðЩСŮģҲаӡңЩ껹Ϊֺ˼ŮԺǳĺг
ЩŮȻֻҪʵģҲзԣ´
Ĵ󻷾£Ҳǰȵġ
ЩȻҲһЩС񣬵˵ǳķһЩ߸ӵĸˣƵȻ⻬˿һ˫۾ŵˮͶҲųķϡ
񣬳ԽŮûлϲ෴ģüĸ
ŮСͳĹɿۡ
ЩȻΪūΪ澵ģҲøǵĻϲһУҲ£Īĸϵ
ǣǳֻһŮҲ÷ˡ
ƫƫŮԽˡ˫ں۾һ޵İ𪻬۵ϣֱһ汾
ڻֻʮһЩúüСĺôң˵ҪȢΪٵĻ
Щүǡ
Խ룬⵱ģԽķŲȥ
Īһжõġ
ϲģǿΪǲۡǰһĺҲǼҵǰ
º󣬾󣬲֪һʱ⣬һĻ䡣
һҪþһ𣬸ѡһߵ·--ū澡
ȻˣҲһ·һʼ͵˵С檣ǿ
룬걻Ǹߡ
˼ҺγǰġֻºüֵҪǿ
һԼ̫̫һҪ̤ʵأû·Ļԭ׳һ·
ʱ䣬Ϲ°ɣܣ治ˡ

סǰһȥƹֻһСʹûд󰭰
ֵʱ˵̺СЩأ˵̺ķˣСС
ԭǸõģֻǣǰЩָȥ㡣̲үΪƤںġº˷纮ΪֹҲյĽءҲ²֪飬㵽ˣչһƬһ̰ա
ǡ
ԭǾסµʴ
ô죬ǸԺһ˵ӣʹҪԶô
ȻǰЩ־Ӳͦģ⼸չҲͦ˵ġû죬ǸԺݺἸʮˣҲг׵µʱ
ҹתȥֵԺ
ûԺӣһһĵĿԡ
֡
ƿţԽϵף۾Щ졣
˰봹ͷסظһһšֱ󣬲̧ͷŲ˿ͷ­£һ˫ǲ۾ʱûнעӸУһ
۾



ھʮ£ŮϣѾͷ21

Ǻǡ
ַһɳƵЦ
ˡ
ô
Ķˡ
ȴʱ̧֣кȥ
СֵݵӵǰֻϿݵ֣۾һȣ¡
ѾͷĪţƫǸӲأôЩ꣬һֱûȥǻˡĪҲĪһѽ
һ㳤þõĻţҲߣҲ
ϥһǰ˫ֽݵ֡
ߵһ
ֳһֻ֣ḧͷ
Ȼĺܡ
ѾͷԺĺöȣǼĪŽѽ⸮кöҪ˵ء
š
Դϲֵ֣˵
ŽһͭԿףұܺá⸮κҪҲ¸ˡһӣ˵Ҳû̫ǮƣֻǰɣչҲһЩġϼһֶһֶŮǵŻᣬǿɻܷģܣһѡǲܰЩǮƣԼ˰ա
ţηңҡͷ׻ˡ
㰡ĪҪ˵Щ㵽߶žǸʲôˡ⸮ͿһӣȴҲֻ㣬˵ҲǼ顣ѾͷҪ氢Ű׵ˡһӣžͷڡ
߶
ãѾͷסˡ
ţ֪Ǹϻ۶ģЩ¶㣬ҷİˣȥգ⼸û¶ĪŻͦһЩʱ򡭡
˵ţ־ҿ
Ը뿪
ջǱָ˳
۶˾˥ϵӴ档ֻҪһ뵽ЩҪõ˻ȥľͱﲻסľš
߻ĽԺӣһãȻ
Ѿͷ
ｹ겻ĽƣһƼϽקԴϣôˣ
ӡһ죬ںһ뿪㣬ô
ɵɵĿ־ӣĽֱü
ֺݺں˼ЩʲôѲɣ㻹
ڻɻ˲ѹ
һƤЦӣū澼е˾⸮ˣԵĲûС
ǣĽȴǽɵЦ
ѾͷĪңʱգүʱеܵġ
ţүգǲҲǹѽ
һɵЦ⻰ȴɹȡ
ιӣʶģ֪ѱӵ׵ˡ軵ĳѾͷӾһԺӣʱ򶨻ɫһԺֻ
𣿡
ѾͷϲŹӵӣȫš
һ߶ľȴס͵͵Ц
ʵɣԴѾͷһʦͬ󣬸Ҳ˵һʦԼ֪Ҫֻ͸ʦ̱˵ҪԺһԺʱҲ԰ᵽǸԺȥ
ţ˵ΪôҪһ飬Ҫأ
˵ţȶ֬ӣü壬ЩС͸Ŵ
ţӣû׽ŪѾͷҪҪ
ľĿ죬ЦŲһ䡣
Ҫ빫˰գѽүǶҲǣ
ĽͷԵģµѽ
ˮľ㣬飬
ľ㣬Ҳѧ۸ء
Сŵķۺ촽绨ˮһżǳ졣ǰѩϣһ˫貶ĿȻѾͷһһĽƻǿĺһЩ׽֣˵˵Ҫα𱾹ӣ
ǾŴⲻˣü̧ͷʱСӯŹЦݡ
ţҪ۾ū澸һ
úá
ĽõʱǺϲѾͷġ
۾͵͵֡
֣һöһ߶ľ㿴ϷУѹӴյ߶
ӣҪӴ
Ҫ
ĽưֱһΡԭأһ̣ŷԼȣ̫ڽСһЩ
ӣҴյ˵Ĵߡ
Ľ찡һҪҧ
ȴѽһѽһǻ˵ѽһö
ûҧţĽ۾ӭѾͷЦüСһһ֣ѾͷɴУһҧӣҡ
ӡ
Ҫ
Ȼ򣬵롣
Ľ
첲ݺ͡
һͣסӣҵָӣңһ档
ӡ
һ߶ľɴۣ˲䣬Ͻ˳
ҧָĽƣҧסҲǾˡ



ھʮ£ŮϣѾͷ22

ӡ
ͦã
˲ûдſָẬš
һ˫Լǿ۾Ϸ
ŵУţӣҲĽ
ɫһ
Ŷ
˲һ˪һֻ̣һִԼʵ˵滰һͷǣ϶˺
ǣ㶥ѹСѾͷҲγָͷٹˡ
ūֻιӳԹӣͻ֮Ӽ
мӣһŵİͷģĽƵۡ
ûи˵㳤ˣ˶
ˣ
ͨһ̧ͷʱһؾϣȴ˾䡣
ӣūֻ뵱̹ӵѾͷԵģĹ
㲻Ը⵱ӵˣ
ĽƵɴۣԼġ
֪һҪίǼ㿴ǰ쭵ˡ
ѾͷԸ⵱ңҲԸ⵱ҡ
ȻЦ
һİϣһоȻˮ
ĽƵţ˺һӣЦ֣°ͣãĻġεŮˣ
ɴ۾Լġ
ӣΪѵֻڶң
°͵ָһ˵°Ҳһеϣϡ
˵㣬ʲôأΪһŮˣƽƽһ˫۾Ȼ˵ɶľ۾һ죬ᣬ㵱Լ˶ģģʲôأŶǰˣҲԣܹͣһСŶҲ˰աֻǣԼشͿµˣ
ӡ
ɫ졣
߬ȭͷߵľͲûƿڴ
ŶǾãԼڿһʱؿȴ֪Ĵڣڹ棬ͿҵһŮġƾʲôãӾͷ㲻ɣ
ӣū澲ҡ
ʹüޣΪߣ嶼ڲ
ҡ
ȴû˵ˡ
һκݺݰǰ
㲻ҵ飬ФġֻǶū˵һЦءȴãԼ޵޵УϣӾͷ㲻ˣ˭
ģȴ޾ѹıʣĸ
۾ͨ죬Ŭ뿴ǰˡӣū澡ˡ
ҧŴ꣬ȻЦ
°ڵõѡ
ưվһ߶ȥ
ͷתٶȹ˳ȥһ̣Ĳû˸У෴ģǵõ˽ѡ
Ľ֣ʵҲͦá룬ٵı˵СȻӴԺ󣬿չ᲻ͬ
Ǹ˵Ŀû⻰Ҳ
ʵΣֻάԼĸ߰
ȻֻʧһЩ棬νġ
ֻҪܱڵİȫԺĵǣһнԺá
⼸Щù
ǣôùЩ˵
ԴһѾͷιүˮ󣬺һоЩ仯ˡ
Ѿͷһһķ̣һЩӦ顣
үҲԽϽѧϰ䣬һжеɣǣ־Ķ׵ˡ
ֱһǰ㱨顣
үһƽˣж˵Ǹк¶ҶȥϺ½㣬˳øԺĹӸȥɢһġһСסءֻҪŸԺԱ
һԺǱҪȥģңԴѾͷӣӻԴһСһͬСһһơ
ֳ̺ĵӣǸ˶ԸȥġϾƼҲĵĽ
ǷżȥһˣҲĽһΣҵģӰдȥˡ
Ľƽӹӣɨһָۣһ֡
Ѿͷȥڸϱ°գѾͷСͷңҲûôȥ꣬ǿˡ

Щ졣
Ҫ֪⼸үֻҪŶƺδζǸѾͷһȥϺ¿Ҫͣüأ飬ȻҲʱ򣬷֪ΪζЩˡ
󣬹ӶѾͷࡣ
ֻ͹ӶϲԡǸѾͷһֱ涼һӦóԾͳԣҪ͵ֺǾ͵ŵģûбүʹ
ӣһΡ治ѽı񣬷ʹࡣ
үıƢġ治ϰԵ̺򣬵ʱΪѵģѾͷġ



ھʮ£ŮϣѾͷ23

ôӵ飬ҲˣĽȴǰһбŵķϽ£ӣū澲ңȥհ졣
֪ν
һߵķ߬ȭͷҲ֪ˣ⻯ݸҪء
ó˶ڱ˵ǰĶ裬̾ӵʢ裬ĺѳþá
ĺüˣҪȥ㡣һƽҲͦġ
⸮˶ɣ˵Ӧô¹ѧԺ˲źá
һ棬ġ
Լϥµһλǻϲġ
Ľ޵һҲҪȥоЩѰˡ
ҪȥŮȥô
ĽԷһ߶ధš
ֻһһŮǵĸζԴġ
Ҫȥ棬ŮѵҪڸԹ
һֱŮֿһΪˡ
ˣţ¶þŹȥա
һ߶ӿΪѣ׸Ľ޵¡
վԺȴͻȻг
ū澼ŹӣŹӰ
ƽӶһۣЩĽ޵Ƭ
ӣȴһϲ
ŹҲȷʵǸ¶ˣ˵ء
𲻶ƽҲİϲ
ţҲڴһ
˵أĽ޵´󲽽
ʮ꣬ӳ˲١
ԭͳļÿҲͶ䣬Ҳһɳȵơ߽˵һһۣûжв̤ɫĺӣ߶Ҳġ
΢ۣ˰֣Ź˴ĸ˵
ĸףСǰ˵飬ҾͲȥˣһѵõĻ꣬ĸ׾ʹŸȥһ㡣Сž͸鸮žͺá
ƽοġ£ƽʱӸǹԼӵķͷҲ˳ۡ
ţǣȥ㣬סüʱأ治ȥˣ
Ľ޵ҡͷڼϰһΡ˵СŵĿҵԽƣˡҲĸ׶ԻǸ鸮ѧһЩĺá
ãȻˣĸ׾ͲҶѧϰгɡҪ˵üλ㣬ȴҲǼѽһ㸸׳һҶ󣬻ʲôءѧһЩǺ¶Īѧ˵ӣͽķա
ӽĸ׵Ľ̻塣
㶮£ĸҲοáԺֵܼ䣬ɵöңɾָһء
ǣĸס
ĸТһϷ룬һߵӼůġº󣬴Ľ޵뿪ƽ˵ͷ佱⺢ӣǸ΢ģǲᣬֻһŷ㣬ҲʧΪһúӡ
ƽЦ谡̫Сˡ⺢Ӵ׵ġǣѽͲСӴ
ҲҲֻ죬ûٶ˵Եġ
תĽ޵Ҳ
һ£˶Ҫ뿪ȥԺ㡣
⸮µҲǰôࡣ
˵һףͿСһúദ졣
ֻһ룬С˶ͼǻϲ
õϢ˵ȥѾͷĺʧ䣬˸֮ġ
СѾͷֻǵͷѽϲ㣬һ˳ȥǵүӣܽ泤ּء㵽ʱɵøѾͷһЩĶ˵һ
ǣǣѾͷ˼ҳһˣҲǰһƤŶЦΪΡ
ٺ٣ˣ˯ҪǸҩˮһ½š˯ҹʱ򣬻úһˮԵģŪ嵭һЩһӵ·˱áԵôһָʶô棬ʱĪҪȥˡ
Сһ׮׮䰲ţҲεĺܡ
úúã˵˶ģС˾ͷССͣο ôģҲ°׷
Ѿͷ˹ɿɰ˼˰ġȣȻỪ˥Сһ˳ȥɵóԺãסãҪãȻҿû
Ҫˣǲ⿴Ǹ治⹫Ӷ̬ˣ
СϽ߰ɣһæ̺ҼһءŶˣһ˳ţҲ¡̺Щҿܻȥһ¡ʱҲֵīȥ
аһͷĹӣҲҪһ軨ȥҵİ׷ģôĻͳȥҲ֪ܲһġ



һ£ŮϣѾͷ24

һҲ˸У෴ĻǲԵ飬Ҳֻҡͷ
ˣˣԼڼ˵һЩ죬үƢˣЩ¶͹ˡ
ûٴ
Щ¶Ҳϸ˵á
ܲùӵ˵Ǹõ顣
ңǰ˵Ҫȥһʦĵطͻ
һʦλӣһŮνмõĹˡ
Ҫһ㣬һʦǷ֮ˡ
֮ʿҲ֪ô¶һ´ʦദһңﰲ
ΪһʦãԸ顣
ڵڶʱ㼯ˡ
ϳʱĽȻҲûԶǸѾͷ
Ƿ˵һЩĻ
úñأĪҪǹŹӡ
ۣС㰡߶߶ȥǱɰżء
һ˵Ҳɬѡ
Ѿͷ˵ЩˣĻûñ
ٺ٣ǹ㣬ô;ء
ˡ
ǰ棬ߺʾԿߡ
һ˿ˣҲ˿Ҳ֪ǲǴƺһ˫ϡ
ٿֻƼõǰ
ǳķӷʱ㿴ĽӴջ񣬿ƽǶע⵽ӵ֣ô档
ӵһû棬ǷҪȥǷȻָԲ˺õġ
ӵ飬á
ʶһ󣬷ֻǶǶԼˡ

Ч⣬һԺ䡣
һߴӽѳͷǵõٻһȥ
һ߸
Щ굽һڵϵһ߻ϣ˵Ϣûˣ߲Ŵ
ԶһֹŹֵһȺǰһĲһ𣬼ͷ˵ĹŹһ
ԶԶȥЩ߾ҳϵӣ̧ͷһһĸŵͷ
һε˽£ȥ
ͽܰˮƽУԽĽء
һŹֵģ͸˻Ƶ
ָȻֹ
ЩãȻһ󣬱׷뿪
ֻ˲䣬ֻʣһȫѪ۵ʬ塣
ϣѪ
϶ִȥ˰ɡ
ǣȥˡǺǣҼͽܣȻġһ˵Ľʿѡ
ˣǸ
϶һ㶣Ц
ǣǣġ
ֻǣͷʱݶȴǺڡ
аЦһӶĵһգ̧Ⱦȥ

īգа׷ĵƽɽʱЩŵġ
Ҳ֪һʦ᲻ῴϣҲҲϡ
ÿԺĴʱųСɳЩͷ֡
첻㣬Ժһʮſš
λС Ҳģҽһʦͻ
Сɳһ㶣ͻģ
Ļ棬ͷҺŰգȥһʦ˵һ
л㡣
Ż裬ԹվſڣһҲûԽ׳ذ벽
ͬһĽ޵£´ܡ
㣬㿴ǳ񣬿źùŹֵġЩôżƣе죬ǣƼأ
ţеÿЩɫĻҲɫŲġ
ֻǺλƲ
ֻ÷˶ģԺôôŹֵࣿ
Ľ޵ָķƼԶһֻ˶Ҳס
ףȷʵǺܷ˶ƨɡ治һĴ󣬲⾱泤ġ
ëҲƯģҳžһֻ˶Ļ񡣡

ûһֻ񡣲ɣһֻȴǿԽһЩŹֵĶǣҲǲСģմĴڡ
һʵԶ
ͷǸһģɫ˴ݶҲǻϲĪ
ףⲻĸϳô壬ҽƴʦˣʦɻã
ǴͷɣѾͷ
ƳһߵĽ޵£Щüʦֻһˡ
Ƿ⣬СӾĪˡ
Ľ޵ӣڨڨ˵һߣҾ͸Ժתһ£ȥʦա
㵱һЩ˵ɲǵġ
ȥʱǲһ
֪ءСǣоǲҪ̫á
ԺŷǼġ
ƬƬԺţŹš
ԺĺɽгƬƬ֡
̴ζ˱ǶʱʱģԺһľû
Զˮˣ̴ζԺеĳζ˿
طľġ
СѾͷͲ󣬵ϳɵĽ
΢΢ЦƳһۡ
̧֣ʾȥ
棬ʦӦûڡ
ӦãţһҲ֪ʦûڡ
뵽ҪʦˣǺܻϲġ
첽ǰƿԺ䣬ȴڿԺĳʱһӾʹסˡ



һһ£ŮϣѾͷ25

ԺһžյŮˣһʦǰ̧֣ƺȥǸ˯˶
˳ļҲûпȥ磬һͷĳţ˸ľͷӣһ縰ڵķ˿ȻЦȴ߹͡
һ޵ܺԴĴڣǣһ鵽ñѩڻĴڡ
޵˶ֻ伫Ѱʱȴֻǰһʦǰ
ǸҲû糣ǰͷͳճտһʦ軨ʹԺſڣԡµĸˣ˯ļĴʦֱŮ˻ǵӵɨ֡
㲻ܿƵȥ
ͻģ
ţ
˵䣬˵ĳ⶯糺Ĵ꣬ˮƲۡ
ƫƫҲǣٹǾ˶ȫһϢ
úչա

ûӦ

Ż䣬Ӳ
ŵɴ۾ͻȻʶԡ
ΪΣһʦԺʱλϳ廹ܰ
п˵ʱȴǰˡԵ񲻺ϡ
ôֻ˵һ㣬ϳ壬λи磬ǹġ
ʱʶһ㲻Եĵض
һλһʦڶǳ磬Ժ棬Ҳ䷢
ǿҲ䷢
ֻǵķţɮ˵ķš
ϳĴ壿ҲǺУ
ǺУΪʲôЩȫȣ
һʦͷҲ⾩ĺܡ
ϸһʦǶǣǰ͵ӣ˾Դϵǹ͵Ϣ
ŴʦͻȻˡ
ʵһĴڡ
ȻƤǧģǣԴĵܰ˺Բ
ֻҪԣȫŷ
⣬иһǣ
ڸղŵǸŮˡ
뵽ղŮЦҪչ˺ôʦģִʹĲ
ģĪľʹ
ǰԹȰա
һûһٴνֻĬĬվһʦ߶
ҲԹ԰ѻ豧žվǶʹŴʦ
Ȼ˺ÿôһֱţЩˡ
ʦΪʲôʦҲ
˵ߵĻôҲһЩԵģղһλߴʦһֱת
ʦøʦµҩһӲѰա

һ仰ǰ˲ٵϢġ
ԴЩԹſʦ
һ򣬿üһ
һʦҪɱ֮ģСѾͷҲԩʦһ㣬Ȫ·ϣҲ̫į
ЩŴʦٳǣѾͷһûгζġϣкöóԵģһûгء
ʦһҪ˴ΪһЩ鰡Ĳѵԭ򣬰ѾͷҸι
ﴽСҲͦḻء
ֻ»ߡ
ԳʱһʦĳëǶ˶
ڴʦ۾˲䣬;ãǡ
ʦˣѽѽѾͷֵĻôĵеľƷ׷ģһ裬ֵɽľƷѧʿŶһΣΪ㱧һīЩһ˶Ǵ㲻ģҲѾͷһʣֵĳġ
С죬һ˫ξ۾¶Ŀ顣
СС첲һֱͣһᵽһǰһְԶһЩǱ־ֱƵһգ˺üգɫ
ţҰ̨ϰա
ȵѻžǻﶼʣҲֻ̨ϣǺÿҲ¡
ۣһʦǲһģȻһӾҵѵλá۹⣬ﾢ治һ˿Աȵġ
ǺĻǲҪ
һߵĿСੲݵĹžֱЦΪСĺƴ
ȵںˣʹ֣һʦûҪȻȥΪһЩóԵĿɺã
һ޵ɨȻû˵һֶǱ飬۾˵ţСһֺòˡ
ҷİĲóԲҪǮġţϼ¡
˵תߡ
һ߶ߣС첲һš
ʦҪȥΪʦ˳ˣʦһЩ
űӣʣʱСˣҿҵġһĴˣ



һ£ŮϣѾͷ26

ԺһЩʵĻЩʢŻһЩ棬һЩ
һ߶Ľ޵¾һæժ棬ڶ
ѹͿһ˼ҵСү
ҲϰСƨճԼߵӣӦԸҪģҲԸ
ڶһ߶ٰϽиţԵģǸãѻϡڣˡ
¹ȺըŻ
ǹζ˱Ƕһʱ䣬Ľ޵ҲĽ
ҷʲôͨĲϵϣóԵζء
ٺ٣֪ʦôƷءȥôʦһ߶űӣ˳ʦҲһЩȥ
һʦһ͵ĳʳҲҵġԣжʦӦǲɵȡ
ȵӺһ˵һʦſʱɨһۡ
Ѿͷϡ࣬ͲҼʦģ
ü۶Цˡ
ʦǴʦԸңҵʱ˵Ҷ뿼ҵİաٺٳ棬һСүΪźЩأϽȥȺһЩ
˵ԼŵģɫҲЩСߡ
ȵԶˣȷѾͷƲʱٶȣವؾȥ
ûضкüš
һ˵ҪԶһô
ˣʦֻûųءһˣûѽ
һǽŲ͸ӿˡ
ԺһʦƳһӣżٺһࡣǰɣǲ˵˺ĸ߰
С۰ͰͶţҪһˣûһһ£СѾͷ۶ˡ
ȣʦûоã࣬ʵĻЩһģлԼĸϡ̶ȣ
۰ͰͶĻڴʦǰһ˫۾дţ
һʦɨһ̵ۣ
࣬Ạ̊́ζ̫֣ԿζЩʡ
š
ΪԼճȺģȴʦ޵һ´
ܴСЩſ룬Żʣµ鿴ÿıӣŲԳߡ
һʦСǷϵıӰˣѵ˵ʵ̫ˣ
СѾͷ߳ûԱĿǰӹѾͷӡűӡ
ʦ˵ˣ
š
˵̻ζջûһζǺ밡
ί
ǰһһһֱ˿佱ġǽءǱޡ
ͻȻúûģûˡ
鿴СһܴӣҲǰҡͷ
ȣʦôԶƷζǲһġƽʱʦܣûڿ˼Եİʦ꣬Ǽˡһٷʦһ룬ܾűӣǡܾòйˡ

ܴѾͷſķڣȻ۾ͷŹˡ
קסʦĸ첲棿
棬ĲӴ
С˷ܵӣҲĪĺת
ʵɣʦʳ棬סģģַ棬軹Ǽġһ㣬㵽ǿԸźúѧѧġ
ʦǴʦһ޵һ˶ôԵ飬Ҳ˵ء
һʦԵСҲǵĺܡ
⾩棬ܵŴʦ˿治ࡣѽСѾͷƬĵһɡ˵ҲֵĺܣΪʲôʦڵʱͻӦ㣬ཻأ
ʵһ⡣
Ҳǲĺܡ
ľǸϳˣһȺʦֵ棬ףҲпˡ
ʦЩ꣬ʵҲǱľİաȻô˽ӴˣȴҪһѾͷƬһӴء
ſĻ۾߳ɨ
ǫǫȻʵɣѾͷҳ̫ɿˣȷʵǸ鷳ⰡأҲ˵ʦĻ۲ġȻô֮һ˹ɿɰء
һɬ۶ʵĹҡͷӴ
ڿ̾ѾͷԽµľ£СȴʩʩȻ˸񣬴ԼĹүתҷ
ƽɽԭǸ羰ĵطּһʦԴ˴ҲԽʢ
ɽ£ﲻ˵ĳͣɽµģһ·ȥԼĪСʱ
Ľ޵ȴãʱСһͬ·оҲǼá
ɽౡ
һ·Ҳ羰续ǣ߾ʱ̣һ˫׺۾ˡ



һ£ŮϣѾͷ27

ϲԵģϲʲôģ
Ľ޵ºʡ
ѵСһ𵥶ദСҲߵϰо̫ˡ
һϲүϢɡͷ룬Ľ޵Ŀ조һŬѽ
СҪ޷ء
ʵҵҪ󲢲ֻ࣬ҪܵõɣǼõ¡
Ľ޵ü
СΪʲôǰɹء
С㣬ʵֻҪɻǼװ쵽ġ
㲻ǡҼǹūģټҵҪƽΪƽˣ
ֻһūŲôء
ҪģֹһˡУڸ׵飬չЩɵġ
ǰһʱƺһ˵Ҳֻһ޹ǣ˼ҡ
һ仰ǰʱ̫⣬һвϵȴҵ£ǲô򵥡
Ҫ֪길׽ôͻʧأ
Ҫ֪ƽʱĸ׿Ǽġ
ңҲС缦Ĵڡ
£ǰη帾绢ӡ󡣵Ҳʧǡ
Ӷ¸׼ᵽ߹ȥ
棬ʱ׵Ϸһ߶ġ
Ǹ͸ɫ뾩˵ֻǮģôᡭ
뵽Щ
ҲΪԲûע⵽ڰͻȻܳǸˡ

ֻ˲ͱʺſҡ
Ľ޵Ҳһţʶһ㣺ǿйմ˿ڵ˲١
ſҸߡĽ޵³Ŷ
Ȼȴ˻ЦɽʱСүۣãԺȱˣúʡ
ǣ汻˷Ӷˡ
ǿקϳڳ棬ųϵҡΣҲŻ
˯ʱҪѡ
Ľ޵Щڡ
֪ôΣգӦôӳġ룬СΣյа
һ˲ºҲԵõһǮؼ§Сһˡ
㻹ȰѲ¶׵˵գȻʱ򻹲ô˵ء
ǺǣСƨӣžˮģܷ˵
ҲĪˣһĲ¶Ҳ˲ӣǿɾû˽
µ⻰һԼģǱˡ
˵ͱţ໥
С֣Ҳ˴ڻš
ƣ
ǡһ䡣
á˿ҳ侲Ľ޵£ǶԼЩӡ
һССĺӣµʱ򱣳侲
һŮˣܱһСĺӲôһ룬Ҳ侲
ˣǲݱ粵ġֻ˭д֤
Ľ޵µһһ黮ֱ֡Ľ޵һͷϵӣ˰Եͷ
λƵڲ֪úڵ˵ͷ
װɰԵӣ˱Ž䡣
һһ˵ĽŲ
ѽǰˣСһȷʵǳĲһǸϼ۸Ĵڡ
谡СӣеĻŮģҲֵֹһЩǮôŸһء
һǱǵأ㵱Ҳ֪ļһͳ˼ҵװ磬ϸƤģ˵ǴӴ֮ģˣҲҪķȥİҪǻһˣĸǣ
Ǻǡǻὲ۰ˣһ˲£͵˱
ɣһӣ㹻һ˼ҳԺüˣ㵱治˽⣬Ͻˣҵ˵Ļᡣ
ݽǵһ磬治ϼ˼ţһλһ
衭СѾͷҪŲȥ
ѾͷȻˣ۾Լ߰աڷǹԹԵģʶһЩԺҲٲĺô෴ģǻҪǰĴС̬ǲðѽͷϸƤ˶ܵ˵ġ
˺þ
ֻǸղϢһЩǷ˳
Ҳװˣ۾ɨһߵĽ޵£ĻԺ۴ǰһνķ衣
ʵ⸾˳ļһ˫۾ǶĵġʱҲ
´ˣ⸾ޡ
ĻĹɣ泤ĲǵһԺ󶨻һֻԶҲ̫õء
ֻһۣͿ
ȻĶ˵ûж
ʩһ񣬡л㿴ˣֻǣҲԸ⵱еӾɫ˶ֻ뵱һƽСѾͷ
㣬ƽ
ЦЦЦƳһۣҡͷֻ£ѾͷҲƽġ



һ£ŮϣѾͷ28

˿˵ѡաҽ첻⣬̸ֻһ׮⡣
ԭЩͷķ¡
ŶҪ̸ˣһ侲Ĺ
ҲԲԲġȻ⣬СζӹǶһڿϵһЩǿźʳҲ
ҺҲֻǶһСģ¥ƣ⣬ԺǷҪӪҲǮƽǸã
۾΢Ҳֻü
һСѾͷƬӵĻƾʲôţ
ԸԼҲͲš
վŸ첲ȶͨϢ
ܼ򵥣һ˳ȥʦģһҲİգ
һʦ
ü
һˡ
ڰ˰һһ֪⽭УԲ˶ߡ
°Ҳôʦġһ룬ڡ
ѾͷһʦôҡϧҲǳصġһʦȻн飬ҲΪͲһаɡĺˣͽܣŮ֪ǰԵ뷨㻹Ǳˡ
ʼ磬˦˦첲ҹܿʦ֡
ֻһ仰ȻֻǽзԲŵġңһλƯ˶ȥһʦˡԭɣûʸ̸еġǽҲʹȻλòĹ˵һƸһʦ͸¶һ֮أ軹Ҫô
֪֮أ
Ҫ˵ˣŵġ
ǣһһλ޵Ůн飬Ҳ˵
ǸŮˣ氡һ뵽⣬ҲЩȡ
ƾʲôأ
ҶɽӹС
ֻһ䣬ǷȴǾĵɴۡ
һѾͷھ͸˵˳ͲҪһЩô
ЩһЦ
ѾͷҪôǣֻȶʾѽֻڽʱĪҪ̫Һ͹үͺá
迴ʶ࣬Ҳס
ߵ˷Ըһ
˴ȥֻš
ǣ衭
ǰѹĽ޵,轲ҲֻǳŸһȥһԺ
ȵԺӣȷˣĽ޵²Щü
ղ˵ı֮أ
˸Ը˵
Ȼ⸽ˣĽ޵Ҳ졣
һߵĲƶմˮʼд
ٵġһǼӡ
ӣ
Ľ޵˿´һ
治ȷôʵԺ䣬Ҫôӳȥ
ǣȴŵĺܡ
գգۣдˣһнҡ
ƶĽ޵º漫ˡҲٶʣϾС£
һСѾͷѵĸ˶һЩ
лһѹҲûеץͳԡ
С㣬ǳһЩһɡ
Ľ޵ץʱȴǳһ㣬Եģȫ
á
ЩģӳȥĳʳȻʱȥûʳԼήˡ
Ҳ֪ǲģǰ˹һԺ档ңҲֻһŴ
Сʱ񻹲кβ׵ġ
˶ˣһ˻ǹһ𡣱ҲֻһССܲȥ˯ɡ
Ľ޵£ⴲ
˯ɡ
Уһ˯齣⣬Բӵġ
Ѵ̵鶼˵˳
Ľ޵ҲǰԺЦ
Сһ˯ͻȻɬΣյĻҪл贴һˡ
뵽Ľ޵Сͨˡ뿪Ժ󣬵󷽵ĺܡ
һϢһ
ǣһ߶ȥŵ˵ԼĴ
Źӣǵʱֻ죬ʱ䡣Ҫһд̽˽˴µķҲһ߶ӡң·̣רƺһ·϶ڽСң·;ҲЩɼһ·Ӧּ䡣һˣҪ׼һЩߣʳȱһɡȻʱܲɹץȥ͸ûˡ
Ҷˡ
Ľ޵ףǰԼȻˮ֣ڸνıأ϶Ǽٵġ
˵ٱ޷Ǿһʱ䡣
ֻĻɻ
ô֪Ƿͷǵأ

Ҫšһʦһλ֪ңУҲΪһλЩ岻ãԲҪԺΪ󡣶һλȻˣ߶ȴһֱŲһʦġ
һʦƽǰһ֪ġһλգڿͲ²ֻǡǰһ˶ںյۣ̫áֻ˵ŮΪٻ˻Ա
ȴ֪Ҳֻ鲻ѡ



һ£ŮϣѾͷ29

뵽һʦһλĽ֣Щѹ
һһʦֽ֡ܵô
ܣԲԡ뵽߬ȭͷ
ΪͶԣ˵˵ǲ̫⡣Ҳûеôϸ
෴ģ˯һ󣬻뿴ǵѾͷ˵˻
СЩ˵̸Ľ޵Ҳò̾СҪ¶еĳ
ǿһżҳ
ģܴе֪ǴȥҪþáҪɽ
ҪôǶòܻؼһˡ
һҲûĻѯʣȴ֮ļıɴˣò̾ǰС˵ġҪСκһˣһǱп˲һĻҵʹ˻
ϣٺܴˣȴȿƴ磬ĲҡΪƽʱ̫Ϊǣ֮£ŻᵼԼʧ
С㿴£ȴһŽġ
ҲѹֻĳһЩ
ʧһҹѻǲ˲ԡ
Ůһʦͻƽɽ·̲̫ԶѰϰߣϲǱ߶Ϣġ
ڣĽ޵¶˵¾Բ׵
¶ˡ
һ˵Ҳˡ
Ǻãڸģûмˡ
ȥµġ
ᵽ£Щ
¾ʱˡ
һҪȥˣǻȥΪһЩǣҵ¶ô
ҲǼˡ
ٲҵСѾͷǾı˻ٵˡңһƬطǲƽҲڴľͱ°ߡֵˣ˰ա
ѲںլǰˣҪĶࡣֻ˲䣬ּóŮǱһӸ°ȥġ
Ƕ֧Сһµ˵һ
ţȥա
Ҳ뷨ӣܲŹӵǸ˽ͷ
Щ汼ûôظ
ҲȷԼܲȥҵˡңҲֻūţֻίȥҡ
˷ͷ£²ܳȥȴԺ
Եūվһ߶ȴһĽƴ̤
¿Ĵ󾪡ĽƲһȥôôǰˣ
ɫǴľظˣ棬Ҳд鷢
ţͷĽһʹ
Ҹط̡
ѵ˵Ϊûλү治ϰˣ
һŭҪǷ̣ѲɣССģӲˡ뵽Ҳǵǲѡ
Ľȷʵ治ϰߡ
⼸ϰһཱུѾͷ߶
Ը⿴Ҳ뵱ˡ
ȻϰӰǰȻ˵һ仰
һγŲһϣ¶ϰ߾Ͱˡ
ЩԵѾͷӣָġ
Ժ棬ȴֳɬӡ
Ҫôǽᣬһִŵǿ
뵽ѧԺ棬Щ˶ѾͷЩѰ飬ǸǼҲ顭
˯ҹ;˶ˡ
˯ţԾקһ˻
һ·ϳѣҲļݳļãڣҹĵˣ֪ôء
񡭡
һ̣Ľֻǻ飬ҪǻѾͷ
ٲ⣬ҲҪ
ǵֻϽǣ֡
ͬƲûȥĽƽ˳ⲻݸôôͻˣѾͷѾͷƲ£һ˴СȥҲ֪ʱܻء
ԴСţ
Ľ˶ˡ
Ľƽġɲô˵ŮĶȥԺ಻ðѾͷ͵ĺܣ˵ʲôһʦԸˣһҲֻǴžŹȥ̽·ԵģԺ֪ȵȡ
һ߶ԹţܾĽ ƽôôء
ƽʱ§ҵѾͷ۶ȴĽƵ˵Ļˣ˱ӵĺġ
֪ˡ
ĽɫѿĪ뵽˵ѧԺʱĽ޵Դһ룬Ľ޵֮䣬һֲĬ
ңüΣ˽Ľ޵׼һЩҩпԵƺˮȵȡ
Խ룬ĽƵľԽҡ
ֻĵطȥԴӸںԺһƬطֲݺͰԺȥƬط
ҵݸ簡ȥˣҲģ˼Ҳ֪ôΪֹûأ



һ£ŮϣѾͷ30

ʲôһҲ
ĽƵѿˡ
¿βԣĽƽ˵ȥֻСһˣҲñĽ˺˲ɡ
±岻ԶĽԺ̺һӵ˸
ӸϽǰ
ݹӣѾͷŹһȥͻȷʵǲع顣ūôľ룬˲֪ܲع飬ֻ£еˡ
ɲһһ˼ֲ˼ţԸأǰ̫뵱ȻˡĽƽһ䡣
һΣĽȴǲġֻ
ҿȷʵǲôԾ꣬Ҫȥһʦѯһ
ԼİѾͷŶԷ˵ŰοĻءһֵøϳֲòת
Ƿܽñ㵽ƽɽ
ķЩ۲ŽԺӿǶ֪Ľ޵ˣĽƵɫѿ˼ĵǡ
ת󲽳ԺϽԼҹүүȥѾͷСأ
Ľƺֻڸ·š
ȵһݴѹĺۼϸѰ
ӣ㿴һ鲼ţеϵ·ء
ȷʵ·˺ѵӣǱҰġ
ĽϸһȷⲼģĽ޵£˵Ǳ°ˡ
һ£еߣȫ˶Ѿͷĵǡ
ˣĽתȥֻܰлظ˰ѿе˶г
ӣϹҲǰ취һһ춼ȥˡʱҪ⸽ٰҵѹͲܰ
һӶˣϽȷ
˵ҪΣѲɾ¶Ұ첻ǳѾͷʹˣҲ֪ˡҲҵĵȥܽĶ˵м¶Ȱ˽˵ԵģԺ̸
꿴Źִŵı飬Ҳ֪ȥֻ»ᱻˡ
ԣ˵Ͻߺȥˡ
Ľƽڣȴ˼ţҪβҵǸѾͷ
侲һҪ侲ȻҲѾͷˡ
һ뵽ʹѾͷĽƵĶһš
һֻ̣ƽͺáԵģҪˡ
Ǽĵʱȴ׼ǸֻйСĶ
С㣬ط̫СˣֻһԴȥӡ
ҪֹɵȻȴǳһЦ
ֻԴȥ壬޹һС̱ССһŶ
кˮһС˶˳ȥ
Ľ޵µɴ۾ԼһС
ֱ˿ʼŵöķڶѴڿһЩŷӦſֿ˳ȥ
ڣ˵أ
СôܣĽ޵Ȥʡ
ΪӦٵȥ

һ£Ľ޵ǳ׵ɵۡ
˼˶ӳ󣬿϶ǲҪӡǣȴУèׯ԰桭ȵһ˶ȥˣƵ취᲻Ἣã
Ľ޵˴Ĵָѹ֣ǰһֱһҪԡţΪһ׼ء
ȻԵıҪ׼ǷӳȥٳûӺһһ˲ǻƵĳֻ֡ҪǷǾлӵ
ʵԣȻϣھӳȥ
Ͼȥߺģɻ
ֻǿϧСң·̣ƺһֱɽ档
ǷĴһεĵطѵ׬Ǯԣֻ뵽èٳһעǰʱ򣬴ӺͻΧȥ
һ߶뵽˰취ʱ
Ľ򷢶лڸˡѧԺ潻õһǣҲ˼ˣ⸽磬һֱΧѰҡ
ͬģƽɽһʦԺ룬Ǿʦ˵һѾͷ顣ϾҲѾͷʦʲôλ
³̡һɵζƮֻһȫë׶չ
ǼƷ
ǸĶûһǷƷġҲΪô꣬һֱкκöȫҪʦʵ뵽ʦһЩ˷ģҲǰҡͷΪǸ˵ĳ飬ҲΪʦ˶ѹϴһʦӵ˿žʹ۵ĿգǶҲȻɽķ羰
£
ʦѾͷһС˻ˣ˵һȥ£



һ£ŮϣѾͷ31

һӰһ³һ䣬ѾͷӲҲȨҿ˰աûΪˣཻ
ҲǼ˽Լʦģ⻰˼Ҳˣ£ѾͷԼãˣǲ취ӳ죬ôҲֵ
ڴʦĻһƴӵġ
󣬱ٲ¶¶滹һʡ
ʦô׽ˣΪһͻǸѾͷأ
ֻһͨѾͷȫûҪѽ
ǳԹһЩʦҪˣϵ˻
벻ףԲ롣

ɽ߶ĽƿççɽüšĽġ
ӣǻذգôһѾͷûҪġ
˭˵ѾͷģҾŵܣԵģСš
ĽҲ֪ԼĵһѾͷΪȫǵЦԣҲĽ޵¡
ԶԣҾŹӡ
Ĩ
ԶһȺѰʹӣôˣɻԶԶġ
˴滷ɽȥҰ޲ϺС˺ҵѰڣԺһЩ˲ڣôҷ
ʵɣһʼҷͲ׵ġ΢ģȰ˹ү
콫ĺӲͷƤҪǰȰ˵ظ
ôһֱˣʱǻˣô˵ء
ӡǡǻذա
ĽȻͷŲȴŲ
꣬˵Ѿͷƽʱ

ֱ˵
ϻ۵İɡ
ţʵһֱͶҶǺ뷨ֻǣֻϣƽͺá
ֻҪƽԵģҶ̫ˡ
ԼҰ費ѵĹүȴΪһѾͷȻꡣ
ùίġ
ӣѾͷˣֻҪңҵٵġֻҪ˵һʱһ顭治Ⱑ
£еڶĽɨһۣȴŵϽͷ
ǣӡ
ѾͷڹλãȻ˵Ŀ¡
Ժ󻹵СһЩ
չ飬һҹĽƻûҵˡ
ͬһҹĽ޵»ǺׯĲԶһ߶Ŷһ߶һ
ʱ򣬻ɹ̫ȡůҲ̫䡣ȻҹĻ٣Ǹо䰡
ƫƫֲȡůԵҲһЩĵġ
ûκΣֻüխĶ໥ȡů
Сţ庮֢գǰк顣
СŵЩܹ̥жֻܶ»ɼġ
Ľ޵µľ״ȷʵԲһЩȻΪߵС㣬ӵĺܡ
С֣Ľ޵ЦĲá޷أֻҪСߣһҲ¡
С޼ӣ۰§ǰţСڣĪ¡
Ժ󳤴һȢ㣬ɺã
˵˰գ˯һաͿȥˡ
С㡭˵أĻˣôůСϲչǾ˳˼աţĽ޵¾ſֱ§
ڵĵطͱ˰ʯͷסˡԶĽҶӰһЩˮ
ҺãЩطɽȪˮģȻͲҲÿȥ
УξС
,ԭͲӦôϣڻڴҴ뿪
С㣬Ҫ£Ҫ¡
ҪߣҲߣһмˣһСߡ
СߣĽ޵źĻü΢΢š
ССߣϵаǰʣһθԺ档
ΪΣСС˽˴˵ģ
һλ£֡
ЩԲƵϤٴθֳ
ʱеˣСߣǹϵ׽ˡ
£ѡ
ǵĹϵ׽
㲻Ҫң¶ǲС檡
ǰЩڲصļĶΣһ̶ӿ
۾֣ҪץԼںǡ
磬ߣ㡭
ԺΪһش硣
磬ôˡ

СĺĽ޵µľĽġ
˵СǹټұΪū˼ңҲ˵һӻ
֪ԩģֻݺ㡭
㣬ĪҪ˵ˡ
˵Ľ޵¸Ͻˮϣ·ࡣûһղϵķ
㣬ĪҪ£ҪҺСߡСҲĵܵܰôҲأǻҪؼң㲻ңҿλȥ
СһֱûûˣС㵱ˡˣСԺȥġ
С㰮չˣ᲻⻰ѹ



һ£ŮϣѾͷ32

Ȼʵôá
һεĸڣôҲϲסңɽ档һа˵ңڶ죬յ촽ѣ嶼
С㣬ȥǺã
Զһɽ֮ϣһװŹֵһһٵŮˣţǸͷϴӵŮȴ̧ͷԶɽ塣
ʦҪϢһ
ߵһŮˣ߲ͬ˿ߵӣǰѯʡ
Ǹߡ
Ӳ쿴ʦǰɽ弲ʻȥƲѡ
ʦһ˳ҪһԵͽܣѰѹעĿɽ棬Ѳɻ˲ɣ
´һΪˡ
Уڷ΢ĺߺ
С㣬С㡭
Ľ޵µģҲ֢״ǣΪʲôСһε˵ӿ˵Ŀ¡
ң֢״ǲΣѹͺò
Ȼպ졣
һʵڶ
Ľ޵»͸ʣǸͷϴɫŮˡ
ʦܾС㡣
ȴǲֱűӣʳһӡųϢ
ӰԳԾʦһϢȷʵǰʱҽģֻһ˲ʹĳպ졣
ţպ죬һ˵ֻЩϹϳ֡벻˸Ѿͷeҩ˼ĺܣôСѲɵһ϶
ʦ̫ԹţѹͲܹĽ޵µ
ôСѾͷĥǿӴ
ЩͬС˵⻰ȴʦ̫
ʦ̫ȾҼСգҲ᲻ܿࡣ
Ľ޵¼Ŀ죬Ͻǰ
ʦ̫һţɨһĽ޵ϵ·ٿ£Ʋ죬ŵǸмҵ׶ˣʦ̫Ҫˣ˾͵ǷһģСӣɻӦ
ʦ̫ɨߵӣСͽٹ꣬ҲҪ˼ˡǼǶԲòϼһҪһ˼ҡţСޣż飬ؼļסѾͷʱȫճ˼ҵϡ
ʦ̫Ŵ㣬ֻϽѹ鷳İ˦Ҳö϶н
ôһ룬ʦ̫һ׮⣬Ҳǲġ
ֻҪܾС㣬ʦ̫ҪҵҲѴǡ
ãˣҾ;ˡ
ʦ̫ˡ
ˣĪٴˣٴߣҲʩ֡
ʦ̫˼Ҵߴ£С޿ʵͦɰģҲϲ
Ľ޵վһ߶ȴĴôÿСǱ߶治ȻССԺҲļγġôһ룬Щˡ
ǰ˵һҪһżãصˡ
СޣֻСô
Ӻѯʡ
Ľ޵µһҲûţС㡣ǵأȫϵСϵѹûע⵽ССɬ
ʦ̫һһȥû󹦷ͳȫǴ̵Ĵ˶
ʩ뻹꣬ĩʦ̫˫ַ죬ḧߡƹ֮ļƵĺ͸ˣĽ޵Ĵ󺧡·̫̫һء
ȵʩϣʦ̫ͣϵĻӹӵݵǰˮ๾˼ڡ
СﲢܺգǰھжءǿЩĺպĶŵģԣСӦһЩһת䣬磬ͻȻ䷢һֺܹŹֵǹ֮ġڹλ̣ŻڵЩؼõĶǰ
Ľ޵뵽С㵱СĳǸСΪֹͱǸˡǣʱС壬ľ˶һġֹܵĻ棬Ҳļ²ѡ
¶СƽʱΪ˼ãҲСôأ
֪СҸ㣬С޵ĶһӾͽһΣҲֻǰæס˶أҪֻ£ⶾأøһɳʱԾǸġ¶ҲǺݣȻƯСôյĶ
ʦ̫ҡͷĽ޵ȴĶ³ˡ
Ͻվ̫̫ǰʩһ
ʦ̫СĽ޵·ģϵҳŵ
һҲǵСӣʦ̫Цˡ
·ҲǸ˼ҵ˶νⶾѾͷ˵Ҳһ׮⡭



һ£ŮϣѾͷ33

ϧֻܿƣңߣѾͷܵˣǿҲÿصġ
⣿Ͽнⶾ֮ˣĽ޵¼ˡСȻȾһĶء
һ޽⣬һӶҪǶҩ֮ࡣ
ҲǲֻܽҪҵǸ¶ˣش˶ܽⰡСӣ˵ĴӦһ⻰ɵüסˡȻǷһȵծʱǾͲһŵô򵥵飡
Ľ޵ڴ˷ģһ찢ŵҲͬ⣬Ӿްµһ˹һϡ
ãסĳŵͺá
ʦ̫һһۻڳճտĽ޵µӣˣѾͷ
ǣʦ
뿪ʱŵɨһƽѾͷҷİգʦ֣ǹӣһֱдţǲ׵ġһҩ˻һϣֻҪһȥЩһﶼᵹ°ĭֹġ
л㡣Ľ޵¾ϲӹ
ֻСҲǸһģĵƵ˶
ӿϲŸСȥԼʦˡ
߳ȥˣʦ̫бɨһծͽܡ
СӣԺķˣһ·ӱ߶ٵϱ߶ֵϣûһСôÿġؼһ㣬塣ԼҽĹذӣ˸̾
еɬһ·ȷʵٿиܵˣҲ͵ͷͬ⡣ţʦ˵ǡһλӣӦ׵ķˡ
һᵽͽܵʦƲ죬˵ѾͷĪҪѧǸһӾû顣еĲܹԼŮҪ˶⵱ʦĹܡҲ̺ӣרŸΪ˴ء
ʦֿʼ߶߶ԼҲֻǵһЦʦǰȥ
ﵱȻˡ
Ȼôҵһȫָıġ
ѨڣԼһΡ
ȵ۾ʱӭĽ޵ϲ⡣

ûӦ㱻СԴϲǰ
ԭͺģһ伷ܵĽ
ȡ
ٺ٣ɵˡĽ޵ͷǲʵ¼С۾һ϶û˯
ôˣ
ǿˮ֮˵ֻԶһ£ȫĽ
㷢ˣء
Ŷôۣ
ͷϵۣ۾Ľ޵£˵ʵ֪
Ľ޵¿С̫Ҳðʵǡ
ðɣ˵˵ϵʱһʦͽˣϸ뷨㡣
ô˵ҵģĽ޵µЩá
С㡭Ľ޵¼ĶţʵʵעУò˵ࡣ
˵˶ֻ˵պ죬Ҳ̫˵ܰԵҲ͡
˵ʲôһ
ץסĽ޵µĸ첲˻ʡ
СĪţպ죬ҲҵءֻҪڣѹġ
պ졭Ȼպ졭
Ȼڿݲ棬ԺУ뵽ǰǸԼµĶ
պ찡ֶһڣϵĸգʹĥһ˿Գܵġңһֶµ˲ͬķҲͬ
ֶ˵¶ı˿ԽԵѹᡣ
Ϊۺϵҩʮ֡
ʮҩҪԽҩֻҪһζҩӣҲ޽
պǰ淢ĽԽǵ˺棬ԽƵ
ѹ֣һλͻȻ䷢ˡ
˻
Ľ޵֣С㣬㻹ҡ
̧ͷ绨ĴϽһ˿Цȷһպ죬һǱ֮ۺһһСľͰѶء
סпܰԺ˭ʱ򣬾һ໥ƿɺã
ԭֻ˵Цġ
棬һƿԡ
ȣԺ˵աڱҪ뿪ط
һЩǰʡĸ˲ſʼǰĴߡֻҪ˴ϣ˼ҵظ·
Ҳ֪ǵʧ٣᲻ø˹ע·
ʧˣزǣҵİաĽ޵µȻһЦЩԳ
֣˲ǰš
ǣҵģС߻ǡ˿
Ӵܴ̼ԺʶҲЩѡ
СţǸʲôҪңô򵥵ģ˵աҲ뱻ƭ֪ľƭ
˴·ʱף࣬º͵ʡ
ȴĽ޵˿ڡС㡭
˵
ǾҪұһŵһԺʱػֵĳŵ



һһʮ£ŮϣѾͷ34

˰죬ţ߰ա
㲻ҳŵôĽ޵СѯʡСղŵùŹֵġ
㣬ʵشôһʱؿʵֵĳŵֻҪģǶᡣôҪģôڵ¡
ǶûδˣﻹںءҪ˵СƵĺܡ
ԵģҡǾͻڵ£ﻹܹԺ󡣡
Եģ԰Сţסˣǲ¶ģˣһ¡ܻĺúõģһҪúûŲŶԵһˡȻԺ̾Ϣû
ٺ١
ЦǰߡǾС·ߵġ
ϾҵǸׯ԰˻᲻·ϡ
һ·زضģ˿죬Ҳֻߵɽ
ˡôȥûˮûģǵöȥء
һŲ
̧Ĩ
ֻºú˯һ
СŰǡϢһ°ɡ
ûôˡ
һƣɫһӾͰˡ
ʱĽ޵£գȴͷ϶Ǻ
ССϣ躮ȥʱĽ޵²֣䡭
£ȥһ߶š
һקסϽ·ߵȥŽȥꤵ֮ģһͷɥıԹ
Ҳ֪ѾͷôôϡȻĽݸ˶ˡȻҲˣҲôȻĽݸ˶Ÿɰƫƫôã˻ûҵһȥҪ鷳ء
ǣҪбԼҰҲǾġõ˵Ϣ󣬾һֱ˸顣˵ҲֵĺܣСëӣôܵôأ
ܵĿҲ·ççɽСƨè㻹ҵˣȻȥա
۾׼ȥ췣ɡԺץסСƨޣҪǺÿ

˵ŻŲͣǰѹź֢Ľ޵£ֻߵĿһЩȻ˾黹Ƿˡ
ڻȥҲ·һͣһ
ҲԣȻȥȥҲСߣȥ棬һãСأۿɾܽˡ
ΰɣôõ顣ȥϢһģߣȥ桭
˵Żת˸Ȼ
˻
ԽԽɢĽ޵£񼱵ȫ麹ֱ
СһͻʧءƽʱԺ滹һЩǽôΣյĵط
СţĪҪгſҪ
۾ֻֻҸط¾ߡ
Ҳ֪ǲžֺ󣬵ҲûһơǾֱһƬ⻬ʯͷֱ档
治ȥһ뵽һһľͲþĺܡ
þôģһ˹ǣܲôӼϤġôӰºܸ˴ǽӵһССҲˣǴȥҲ޴ġ
ˣˣ˯˯˯һȥҪҪڣɡ
˵ĵʯͷ˯£Ľ޵ȫ˺ȥʧصѽ
һֳּ̣
亹һһŵµ䡣
ѹŵĽ޵£ҧ촽
۾ɵĴģŬϵС㡣Ҳ֪һСжൣġǣڵĺǲ߳
䣬ӶʧȴӦ
˯˯Ŷá䵽˼µЩȻС㣬۾
СţСš䣬Ϻ
ܸܵĺ
ʱһ쳣
ԭ伫˵Ľ޵£һ£
ãڵһȸҲϮˡ
գȫ̵ȸУȻ
֪ǲСϵĺһڵԴ
һһ
гһЩ
ǿƲסˬʱгͳ׵군ˡֻģʧƽʱʱֻʣ±ܣһ
Ŀ飬ҲĪˡ
ڵԴĽ޵µ乴ɲͬƺҪű˴ˡǣʧ֮£ֱ˺þá
۾ʱ֣ⷢԼС˲Ӧ顣
𣬸Ͻ̧ͷ롣һֿԶʯͷϵȴͻȻ䷢
ףôãǰжأ
ߣȥ



һһʮһ£ŮϣѾͷ35

ҪﻹܹĽ޵Ƿݺһ
˾ܡ
ŴԺѹĽ޵£ԼСŵӣҲھжա
һ߶ȥһǡ
£УҲܶݽȥãһӳźá
Ľ޵ȴһקס
һǾ͵ǿ

ͻȻˡ
Ľ޵ЩźȴҲٽͳǰΪĺˣһߵʱһҩǰûһ뵽ˡ
Ŷ
ҩ
Ҳ֪ҩǲЧеˣʱҲֻɻҽˡ
С㣬һ׼
š
֦зĽŲ
֮ģס
ܰܰǺСӣСүûǵĳҿѽ
һ侲ⲽƵˡ
ǷŹҼҹӣҸߣôŶС
ҵݺɨ䵽ϣһҡͷ
ٳ꣬һῼһ¡ô⻹ûСѾͷƬƾʲôǸ̸С
һһ߶ǰţһ߳һ˴һһңŰΧȦҪ
ˣǹȥɣҲܲˣɽһȥ
ӣһȥˣ±еĹͷҲʣ°ǲҪ˰ա
˻ҵӣԭ˵ˣǷһ㾯衣
ӣеʶġԹԵĹˣǻܸһЩԵġһ·ϵƤ࣬ǳԵġ
λС˵ǣܸܲһЩԵİˡ
Ľ޵¿˵ţһǰ䡣ӣ˸ӵˡ
㷭ԽһĴɽҲСƨӲôܴˡȻһȥսЩɽ
˵ŻϴתתСȻ˰죬Ҳʹĥһòܿһġ
ڿʱЩЦǿž˲
üǿҵĲʸС
Сɣ֤㲻ġ
ЦţͻȻק
ȥɡ
һѺɫҩĭͻȻˣһ㶣ۣСӣҶǲ
ǣв꣬˾ڵϡţһҲŰ£ǣƺ״̬ղţ˴ڷƫһЩĵطĽ޵ҩԺ󣬲û̫ࡣѪ۾ӻͳһѼ⵶
ӣҶҩ춨Ƕˡ
ǿĵӸŷͱ
ȥɣȥȥ
Ľ޵°һʯͷƵ󣬺ݺһȥ
顭
Ӧ
ѪҺЩ¡
ĵȡ£ٺݺݴ˵š

Ľ޵´һУԼǱסˡ
Ī£Щ˸ǲɱǣҲɱǵġ
ңһϵʽʱ˷ˣǾ͸Ӳ
ס£ʱ򵱶ϾͶϡ
Ӵһڳʱ侲˵šʾϵ±߶ȥ
вٵҰޡ
ȺĽȶӷ
ͲˣܰϵǷ̫ˡڣҵһЩԵԼȵġ
ʱһԵģͷߡ
Ľ޵ʱʱɨһۡ
˵ȴֲ˵ӣЩꡣ
סŲ۽
һֱˣ˵ǲҲ˵ҾôһĴڡΪıӣҹʩ㡣ڣΪܸûţ֣һմѪˣңԶһЩ
žô໰Ľ޵һ¡Щҡͷ
ˣҲǾɱ˺ÿɶ񣬻Ƕô񶾡Ǿҵʱ²үǣϡʱǶ¶ʱֻŶģҪǡȻڿԶֺȴˡһ˲䣬ҺųңԼӡңλᡭء
ԭɵΪԼηηŲǰһֱ𣬶Ϊɱ˿
֪СЦݡ
߰գЩ飬չܲմѪͲҪ
Ľ޵ǰ֡ţߡ
ĴЦݸȾҲЦݣ߰գȥˡ
һ˳̫ãҲ֪ôѽ



һһʮ£ŮϣѾͷ36

ɽ棬ĽƻãȻѰ
һ߶ЩɥԼӣ˵ҪˣǱΪһѾͷǣүǽǵ飬еĻʡ
ǣ˵˰ա
ӣǰһʬ壬һСġ
ʲô
Ľҡҡ
һβԣϽǰһս֡
ӣȥ˵ա
ܵŵֱһƬң΢΢
̾һ벻նһжνĹүȴһ΢Ѿͷġ
ȥĸԺľ棬Ϊѽ
ԼӣһǸС˵ʬĵطȥ
ʬ忴ΣȷʵһС塣
壬һЩҰ޿ʳĲࡣ
ҪۣѶȲһĴֻǿһۣͶĵ¡
ҹӣȴǿԳ۾İǾʬ嶼ˣվ
߰գһʬ壬Ѿͷġ
һ˵ǣϽĽߡ
ѽүʬ嶼ˡ֪ûȾ֢أӻȥɵúúúһЩ϶ˮġ
һʬԼ˼ģƫƫүҪȥ
һȾһģǿɾˡ
ֺֻû롣
߳Ľƻؽĸо
ֻҪû¾ͺã뵽ղȥǾʬ飬ٲԵڶˡ
ӣǰǰ桭ˡ
۾һɣ˵˵ʲôأʲôвˣء
˲˰Ѻָ
ӣ㿴㿴ˣǲҪҵģ
ĽȻ̧ͷȥڿ໥ĽŲȵİ˶ʱ类׻ǰɱȥ
껹۾һͻŲñӵС˶
ѽҵ谡ˣѾͷŹġǲŰ
Ѿͷү
ЦܹȥһºˣҵˣҲǣҶǵǸѾͷ
һܹȥĽƣǰͣԴȫǲݵѾͷȻ֣һѾͽ§˻
ѾͷԺܣСүô㡣
ӡٺ١
ܵеĹػҲûƿֻš
һ߶Ľ޵üšݸ簡ֻűѾͷȴĵܵܣ˼Һء
ĽɿǽСѾͷת°һ̧һȭͷһŹӣ˶۵ѾͷҲŻȥܸĽѵɡ
Ľ޵¿ק֡
㿴ݸôƽҲܺߣɵãֻҪͷҡ
쿩Ц
ǰĽƾĶ¡ֻǽ죬վɽѰԼĻΪжġ룬˵š
ѾͷԺ飬ү濳ˡĽͷĪĺ̡
ӴӴү̶ͷˣΪӻҸŹӿ뾡һа취İŹ
ˣô
ˣظȥ
ֻǣһ㷢Լ·קסˡ
ͷƼѾͷԼ
үܲһЩԵġֶֿģѽ
ĽƿȥСԭҪĻǱʹ˻ȥ
תӹˮгʳ
죡

죬ȵ˰ԼɳͶιˡүǰҵ˳ﹷأūԼɡ
졣ĽðѾͷҪˡ

찡ôι㣡Ľƺ
Ⱪġ
üҡͷлӿأѾͷԼ
СŤӣĽӴ
һѽʳڵϣٲ뿴ˡ
ת·ͣĳӡ
һΣϽϳӣǻظôģ
ȥȥ
ա
ǣ˼Ľֺ
˭ϳģСүҵˮأүҪˮ
ΰѳͣ£³һһ߶ԺȵСүҡͷǰ
ѾͷϽˮӡ
ҪݸҪӣȴְڶҧһ
գڨڨŰŤߣǸȥϳˡ
Ŷ
ߵǰ
үˮˡ
ϳүҪιĽȴһɣ˲ȡ
һҪͶιүգ˳
ӡ
ֻǣһͣ£ͱ
ҲֹĽ޵»
ǻεĳüһ߶ǰʾ
үһɡ
ˣĳݹӶǸѾͷ治һˡһλȥѾͷĵλݣ¾Ͳһˡ



һһʮ£ŮϣѾͷ37

񡭡
ǿаڻ񣬸ܵĽȫĿԼСĵҲͲ
ԥһ£С̧ģл㡣
Ҫúõġ
˸§
°ҲѲ伷š
ţҺúöģӣĪ£һֻ⡣ڲǺúõĻô
Ƥһ첲΢ʹŴЩʧصˡ
Ҫȥ
ȴǿ
׼Ҷ浱үͷô
ŶŶӣҵ˼һ߶ȥ㽲һεһЩ鰡ɺã
Ͻһô£⾩棬Ҳ̫ƽʢ£ôŹֵ飿
ʱ뵽鲻ԣҲǰԾġһλүҲǸġ
ӣġ
£һЩҪ˵˳
ںĽ޵һ˺֢һպ֢ҲͲ˵
ĽƵ˼Զһġ
£Ӷ̽ģĪҪٶˡȥ󣬸Ͻһɼסˣ
Ŷ˼Һòģ죬ʾϲ˳ģһЩĺˡ
ȻյĳвҲ͹ԹԵͷ
ǹӡ
ӦˣĽƲŷˡץסֲſšš
ǰһץסǻģָҲǼáżģĸ̫ŵһҪǲԺŶ˼㣬ඪġ
˼ҶϲһЩģҪǳˣŽжġ磬Ŭҹү۵㡣Ȼĳȴǰһɡ˵ĻҲˣôʧټ죬Ͳ֪ӣ
һ£ǳ׵޻˵ٺЦݣǣ˵ļԣôŶǶԵġ
ĽһɣѾͷƬӣ˵ǶðԵİɣôģ
ӣūҪ˵
ҲǣҲǣΪġ
ȣҪסӵľǶԵġӶȻһпҲǶԵģҪҲҪУӡ
СѾͷԲĺ۾һź͵ǶţɰеСĽƾ;ãЩǱҪ˵ס
˵ϣҲҪԣ٣Ҳʹ˵˵˵棬ù˵ðһһȫ¼
ǺѱһīѾͷˣ˵һ䣬Ѿͷдһ䡣
˵˲ÿͱҪ߲С
˵첻ȥĳˣͱҪԺš

˵ˣҪ˳ˣͱҪ˳ӡ磬㰮һˣϲһˣҲ쵽
˵Լ˵ˣĽЩ顣ôѾͷ᲻ᷴҰ
㿴Ѿͷһ߶˯ĳʵĺܡ
뵽⼸ܿۡƽʱôһѾͷȴôҲ̶ãҲ˲ٵա
ķǱʲôСֶḧ
֣˸ڼĵط§ϸСӡ
ﴽЦˡ
ȻСۺͣȻֿĸо
ªô
һֱϲɿɰѾͷô۵ѾͷҲܿɵɵЦ
ʶԼԾĽҲı䡣
һĽ޵°ڽ档
ʵĺܡ
ֻȻƲסǱ߳ô
ݸӣƽʱƢͲôã쿴Ҫա
ģǣҵĽƤôҲղϡ
ŹӣϢһգб̺ӣū׼ڳ棬Ǹеġ
еʹȰ˵Ľ޵µͷ̺ӣл
һУݴظ֮˵ա
ȴ˵̼λ沴Ժһ·ߴߴ˵Ц븮
Һ󣬿¿յĵطЩƵʡ
껹ûԶޣݸȥ߶أǺҲǣ˼ңżҵļﶼԺԭǱ߶˽ӴһҲһõӡɵãѾӵľܻˡҲʸ⸮кҪҪŻġ
ĶڶӵıԹģһҹ㵱ޣҪ顣Ͼôٲ˵£Ҳ̫˵ȥˡƫƫǲԸ⡣ҲǰٰΡ

ڸɫôÿһģ֪ǵǲ˵
̶ྫ˰һɫԣ²յôݸ
ţһͨڵϣˣģݹһĻع飬ǶͦԾġֻһҪѾͷƫƫѾͷŹӳȥһҹĩ顣ԣݹȥƽɽˡ֪ŹӺѾͷǰģڰϣ߶ˡһݹӼˣ淢˳ȥѰҡ



һһʮ£ŮϣѾͷ38

Ĳؾͷ˲յΪһѾͷȻ˸еˣǴȥĸﻹԸģ
޵ĵԲ۾ԶĻҲ˵
ɪţ˵Ļˡ
ǲǲֹһЩ
ˣū˵ˣ
ҲΣǷʲɣһһáһУҲֻܹҰǺӳĲˡֻǸвܵģȴҲڷ棬û̫
Ӳ˸ˣʶĺüҵļҶֻΪƽɽʮˡΪˣӸҹסŵġ
顭
֪е㲻
⻰ʱ̻ˤ˲յ
ɶ񣬿ɶʵǿɶôΪһѾͷġһ⾩дҶ֪ҸһүһģѾͷĺүǺǡǡʧġ
ǰãΨһйˡڿӣǸǽడ
Ǵү֪ˡȻ滨ƵأҵĲӡ
ǣչҲ˰ңЩ꣬һֱڿ˼ҪȡĴץסݶһĲǡ
뵽̵ɫס
ɤЩɬʡ
飬ү֪ģ
ү⼸죬ظ
ǺǡǼҵү޲ڸ޼ɵ߻ơˣˣɣҲˣһҲѾͷҲǲˡ
Ȼ˵һѾͷ¶Ҳûʲô̫޵顣вٵĸ׵ģΪǡȻòӦΪ˵¶Ȳϲ
ǣΪݸԼδҸˡô¹Ժܲҵһǿҹؼڰ
һ֣Ҳͱˡ
ԽԽѹԽѹԽ
ԣ֮£˵Ľƻ̲һЦӭ˳ȥ
ǶϣֻۿĶԼ
˯ʵĽƶĽ
˰ѳֱԺ󣬵˵ֱͰ˳
ŴӳĽ޵£Σü΢΢
ֻŸǵ뷨㡭һͷҪݸ˲ˡ
Сһֱ˵˵ģԸ⵱˵̡
ǲԸġ
ôţĽ޵̧ͷƽ˵ȥ
ʲô˵˼֮ˡɽ桭
ǣǵʱ̫ں䣬ʣԲѶΪ֮һҲֻ㸺ֻĸ׳ȫգ޵¶֮
⺢ӣ£ֻҲݲȻ˵ˣҾȥ˵һˡˣ죬үҪˣ¶ܲ⸮վסţ˿һεıˡ
ǸǸ˵ѪǣȴˣҪ⸮ô
Ľ޵˿ֻ侲ͷתֱͦ˳ȥ
ƽ˽˵ıӰתֹ˵˵ôСһ˶ô˳סءҼ侲²ŲģЩİ׷Ҳóôˡ
Ӵ֣ŹȣԳ嶯ЩǼԵȣҲǲġ㰡ͱ²֪ˡŹӿ˲̫רЩ֪ʱ򲻿ݸԸϣƫҪ֮һǸѾͷһֻºүѾͷ
ү˵Ѫ󣬻ôһҺԺ澣ɾдˡһ룬ƽ˾ãʱֹһΪ
ϾΪϷӣҲѾͷݲǡʱĽƵˣʱô⼸ءֻԽˣúүӡʱ棬һ׮ͣɻϡ
뵽ƽЦˡ
ţ˵ļǣھȥȥ
˱뷿󣬲һתӭһС˻ǿŵĽƲü
ǰ㱨ү㻹ǸϽȥɣ̻˵ȥˣڻء緹ҲûôԣʱҲֻ˵˶ҽġ
һ£ĽƵɫҲűˡ
˻棡
Ȼѽ˵ˣ飬ĪҪ̫ĵĺáΪһ㻵ôȥ̡ﲻ



һһʮ£ŮϣѾͷ39

κһĸףŶôͿ£ֻҲϲġ
үôûءȻѾͷǸ˾
ȥĸȥĽƽüһԺȥ
ſڣѾͷӶʵվǰüҪȥ
һ߶ŵƼˡϽ֡
ҵĺүǻӴ̽ǷʳûģϽһЩӽȥա
ĽһȥſԶŮ̣װżŵĲȡ
ȥա
ӺǺһЦһЩ
š
ĽƺٺһЦƿ˽ȥ
˵Ҳԣ˽
˻֡
ĸףǺ飬ˣɾҲộԼ塣
ӵֱͦǣȴ䡣
Тģ֪һΪǰԼӴ
ĽѷͲ˶ЮһЩ棬Ҫι㡣
Ҳԡ
Ȼ˵ĲԣԼӹǳһЩĽְӵݵߡ
ˣɣԺѾͷΪˡ
²ˣ㲻ôǣԺǺã
ҷֵҵĵλԺ̧һҲ̫Ժյģһ޵ͳǣǰѾͷáȻһҲνȢȢˡ
㡭
ⷹӿˡ
ⲻȰģҪҰңôĶء֪ڼĵλ㸸ףЩԽĻ˵Ÿɫ¥ˣҵһ欵ĸˡдţ˵ںһȨԺյĹѸˡ˵ʱҪ븮⵱ģֻ¾ͻһƽƽˡ
ƽޣǮ˼̧˵λһְ취ҵλͬǣƽ޲ū澡
ĸҲ׶ԸԼ˵ƽޡӼҲָ˵ƽޣҲռŽϴķݶ飬ǿ˵޷ܵġ
ôʵνġҪģҪģһ캢Ϊǡ
Ľνĺܡ竵ĺܡ
ƽʱɾͣ滨ƵءˣǵӵҲӵĺܡ
⸮ģǺү
ǰһֱڵİƫƫ⸮滹˺ү
Щ꣬үĹѫԽĸǡ
˵һЩģһǰڱ߹صһ̣˶Ժү֪Ϥ
㡭
̿ⲻںӣֻĶʹĻš
ˮƲס䡣ݶ⸮ӵţôҲֲһԺǺү£кüءƽЩһֱֻһƽݵķˣΪʲôôʵΪżңһѵŮǣ
ͼģҪԼĶĽ꽫ôֻ£Σ治֪
ĸףҪ⸮ٻҪԼȥҴ󲮿ڵϳүľλΪβԣȥ߹ش̣Ϊʲôԣ
̵ɴ۾
ҵݸ㣬ҪԳѫȥ߹أ
õĽƿ϶Ĵ𸴺ˡ
һưǰķյȫɨڵϡ
㲻׼ȥȻ¶ĲصҲֻͷӣȥи̣ô죿
һĸҪ޴֣ĽЩͷˡ
ҲǣҲǣҪδ
δҶ˵˶ΪҵŮѫοҪôִڸһС
ӣ֪ѣ⸮㿴е㱾£ȥ棬ôءȥ߹أԲġԺݵᣬﶨ㣬Ҳں˸ܿѡ
вԼĽ
вң
з۾һΣյֱͶ̡׺ĶӣȫǣǿǿӲԻȥ
֮꣬Ҫȥ߹ص˵£û
Ľ˿
Ҹ˵һҶ޷ӣô
һӵɴ۾Ͻܵ߶ơȷ˺ѹɤЩʹԼҺӡ
㣬ĲУ
ĽƿɬҡͷΪֹҲûǷķӦãһӣһʣ̴৵ӿ
ۿԼҺӣҿĺӴ
ҲſޣԼһԺյģ˼ܴӦҹһӣ
ĽԳȴ̴ứ⡣



һһʮ£ŮϣѾͷ40

ɣɾ㲻̫ԺյģҲһѾͷ˰ɣ
û˵ҪΪĸֻǳвѵĿԡ㻹һҿ˳۵˵ǰ
һĲȥ
ҿĺӴԹﵱû㿴ã֪죬ҵôҲڸڰ
ĽûԼĻ
˸ת߳˷䡣
Ҫ飬ûа첻ġ
뿪ƽҲӷ巿
Ľʱƽ΢ۡ

ţ⺢ӣЩ굽ǳԽĳϢء
ˡ
ȵˣƽ˸иţǰЩ꣬ݸΪһЩС鱩겻ѣ޾ʹһǸоѽ͸ǰһżĹ򰡣˶Ǹˣһ˼ң⺢ҲвСء
˵ǡ
˵š˵ԺʱͿߵ۾ġƽӶװɲ֪
ǿ԰ţ̧ͷһЦк
ɩôģƽʱǴæ˶һѵüһء
ǺǣⲻƽʱҪżôĹΣԾûôСġ
˺һתϡ
˵Ѿͷʧ˼죬ǸݸǸʵˣ˺üġ
⻰ͱɩΪ¶ذաҽ鲻̫
ƽ˵һЦǶᵴ˵ʵɣ㻹̫ˡүǵ¶ǵǳ嶯ı֡ǣڲٵĹǿ˷θİҸ˵˵ݸһΪ˵һö
ؿĵɫԽѿϽת
ҽɣ治ǿЦҲҪѶġɶһ׮¶ģγ˵ء
Ŷ
һ£ؿĵˡ
֪ƽӢкη֮¶ѲɣҲ棿
ֵ۶
˾ƽӢסҡͷ
顣ǣŶǸӵ¶һΣǸѾͷһô
ؿĵɫһαˡ۾΢У֪ƽӢ˵ʲô
˾ƽӢǺЦЦ
ʵɣҲֻǴӦǺӣҪǸѾͷѡ
һ£ؿĵɫǳײÿˡ
ӹ⵱ҪһѾͷ˵ˣԾһ׮С¶
Ȼôˣ
һĵضҪҪǸѾͷ
飬ݶرָҪģҲνˡ
ƫƫָ˵ġһǴӦˣԼӡ졣
ٿǰˣɫҪѿжѿ
Ҳ֪еǴ˵ֻžŶǺ˵ġҲҪڶ棬Ϊգ§һţû·ġ
ɶ
ؿһӾˡ
ֻ⵱ɩӵҲ㣬鷳鰡ʵǣǺ˵ʱ˵Ĵڣпһ˵⼸̣ǸҲһˡ˵¶Ѱ˼ɣҲܺݸǡǺ򸮣ȻҪ̫ߣҲ鷢աѾͷŶǰһ˼֮ף¡
ִȥˡ
ؿִҪһѾͷ
Ժ巿ĽƵҲͳ׵ıˡ
Ͼһ۵Ů߶ߵȥػǱ˳ЦĴڡ
ôһ룬ؿĻֻǿŲ˾ƽӢл
£л㣬ôظݸ
ء⺢ӰǵĸծӴʵ飬ҪңҲ治ġǲ˵ɣչǲ̫á
˾ƽӢǸЦЦؿû˼˵뿪
ߺؿһǰġ
һ߶ӵǸᰲ˵ġ
Ҫ˵ѽɲ˵ķաǰ㲻ǾѾͷΪôôֳɵͷڣۻõݸõ鰡
ؿЩԥҵҪǺġǰǲеĻҾ뷨ӣѾͷڸˡǲٻԼͻڡֻݸеҾ¡ִ̫Ű
飬ֻԹʱҲҲԹŷġҳŰɣ£ʵǼõġѾͷڣﻹǹӵݡˣٵѾͷҲӦ˰
ԥӱϽһ䡣
ⲻ˵үҪء



һһʮ£ŮϣѾͷ41

ΪѵؿģһϿеЦݡ
ơ׵үˣ£ʱֵүǶ¡˵үҪѾͷҳŰɣѾͷȻڲôˡأǻ龢ûܱȵĹȥġȻҼҺôôġ
ԼҺӶǧõġ
ϵˣҲǺӵ۹á
ǺӻˣҲѾͷ
ӺǺЦӦؿתȥĽơ
ȥȥ
Ľڵվ
ȫˡǹɱƣŵؿĶû衣
תӱԹ
˵ﰡ⺢˵¶һҲģֱˡȥ
Ҳ֪һ֡
ĪǣȥҾүİɡɵһЩǰִˣʱѿء
үӦȥѧԺ˰ɡҿǳǺȥѧԺѽؿĸأΪԼһӹһѶ̾
ǸãǹȥѧԺڣ飬ɲǾ˾֪ʱ򣬾鲻ҲֵĴѽ

ؿԭЩϲɫ׵ĺˡ
ȥ⺢ӲҪˡ
ȥ
֪鲻֡ȥү˾ûˡ
ҵˣҲΪǼ֡
һ˵ʱϮˣûгĹѫά˵ѫ󣬱ǵͷ
м䣬ܳһЩ顣˸ＸΪһѾͷԴף뾾ǵĴǲԸġһǸ˼Ͱѱȥô
뵽˴漱ˡ
øϽѽ
ĽԽߣԽߡ
һ뵽ѧԺ飬ǻŭ
ǸɶСӣǸɶѾͷԭһֱԸ⣬ΪСŵԵô
ƫƫƽʱԼǰһӡ
еģֻһ־ԼˣͻȻ䱳˵߸С
ɶ񣬸ġ
֪Ȼߵ˺Ժ
Զһˣ֪ǸһЦǳѶѾͷʱӦǴںԺ棬ֲЩ
жãжôĶġ
뵽ѾͷԼСŵ飬Ųӿ졣
ԺҲûϴ㿪ʼԼļƷīգһƷ׷ֻ
ЩҪ͸ʦǡ
ѾŸʦƽġ
һЩһľ˵ǼĴڣΪģǧʼһ֡
ţСҲµֵܽˡԺ󣬾ͻ᳤ļˡ㰡СīīɫԽԽˡȻͬīգⳤƣҲԽĺá
˵ţȴоһ
ͷ㷢һŤվ
˫ɵĴ۾ȼ޾ŭ档
Ͻӡ
ҵ۾ش⡣
أ๵ǿ
̧ͷŶԷ۾
ͫ棬ӳס
ĳ侲ȴ̼˺ǺǵЦˡ
ʱʵôġ
Ȼǲʡ
Ũ˿ָ߬Ŀ졣
ȫﾪɣԼشĲõʱ˻
ʲôʱʼкøеģ
üе㲻ףλ⡣
ʱ򻹸Լװɵ㶡
˵ɫ
ô˻ҳϡǸ֣Ǻʱкøеģ
һˡ΢̧ͷ˵ҸСɶҲǡǣѿڶĻȴǡ
ӣǻкøУҲֻȻȻġʱһ治
һ˲䣬˵ͫȻ
˻ЦȻǵͳġ
ģЦԽԽ
ЦһſŤΡ
ǣһ˫һ۾ȴѪš
ãáõĺġû뵽ôá
Ц߹һһˣüĸ
΢̧°ͣüɫġ
ӣūֻһѾͷԭûʸϲĳһλүġЩøУҲֻɼˡСȡ߰ա
ʱȥɴһЩ˶ϡ
Ĳ𪣬⻬һСĳɨš
ĵط쵽ǰ
ôңôԣôôԶ
˲ЦšԼƬѿ˻˻һ㣬һƬƬôʹô˺ѷΡ
ǣԽʹЦģҲԽķ񣬴ֲ̧ܿ



һһʮ£ŮϣѾͷ42

ָϣѶ
ָͣʺǴٿ룬һ̣ľǱʲôݺһ¡۾̧ߵ°ͣеĽ
ԺҪսҵĵߣÿһΣҶܿԼġ
ģ͸εģȴִŽȰ˵ۣܺ
ʱλүҲܰƢ㾳ˣ
㣬ֻһŮת뿪ѡ
УƮһ䡰ѡȻһЦǺǣֻһŮѡƾʲôΪǡҵʲôҲǡ
ġҲ֪һΣĽ˰ɡ
Ӻ˵ĵĽҪȥѧԺһ飬
ֻ飬ȴѹ
Ǻһ죬Ȼҳˡ
ȥ洳ˡһаá
ֻǼ򵥵ļ仰ȴȫ
үڵõϢڵĳ
ø㣬ǺӹߵĲӡȻƾʲôҪԵ뿪ҡЩ꣬ҾͰˣѼҲߵĲӡǼͨĺӣмǱ˵ģʸҵĺ
һ죬֪ǲǱѹֵĺˣүݺݷ쭣ؿĴһܡ
˴˴ȫ˲˵Ǿ˸ǰ
ҵģЩ꣬Ҳȷʵǲˡҿ㻹ںԺʡһɡ
һԭЩĻؿģû˵ֱ̧Ⱦȥ˺Ժ
үѹԼϻˣЦĹġ
ת§ŸССǿһ
ǵľǸüǽҲЦ
ĽƵҳߡ
ԵҲεӰֻһڡ
ţôһССѾͷƬôС֪ү
ǳˣʲôء
Ȼ˲£ǲͲһѾͷã鷳ԣöʱԶΪģǱ
ٱоĵģҪĿЦˣʱԹšֻĵùӵΪĽƵ뿪һʱҲûԵְֻڵĺԺʱһ»һ顣
СӣյĸСһˡ
ҲֻǶݵӡ˭Ҳᷢ¶֪⸮ļλȨǣδ
ַʱڣȴһ׮ܵϢ
ˡ
һϣ˵ҪһԲʱСתȥԲ㿴ְڴ齣ϺƽͣڣǻеЦݡ
ϵ˰ߣ˻ɣ˯˵ġ
Ϊʾ˾أɶһӴͷһЩСѾͷСǣֵİ˷ȥɽϡ
εĹ£ǴɻһλհĹ¡
λµģ˵ǰʦүĹϵ׵ԺĹ£ǵҲǸ顣
λǸ˰ɣµҲʡ
ţǸܸɵˡ˵ǰƿ巿һ̶ӵĹӡΪʹˣЩԲűרŵԺġ
ô
Ƕר̵ɻģЦˡ
ԺƺԽԽˡ
ô꣬λһİͽڵĶˣҲЩ֪Щ飬ҲйŹֵġôˣһֱһĺӣǹŹֵĺܰɡ
˵ˣҲȫǸɵӣأҲԼǰǱ˰ɡҲ֪ܵõֵơҲЦͬˡ
ĴڣҲĽ
һˣڹ֮УҲ֪Ǹʲô뷨
˼ҶǰѼק
أȴǺ޲øԺѲԽڣƺԽÿ֡
⸮˰ҲȫɵӣļƷڣҲ治ࡣˣֻҪԼľͺá
£ҲһЩȡһЩҰҰݵƲ衣
ЩȻǸǰľ
˵ŻȴԶ
ڰһЩΪһѾͷֵӴ
ǣӵȻǸ̵ˣҲѵĪĸϵԣǰԤš
ɫ΢䣬Ҳ̫ңתӺ뿪
ٰѸղźȵĲյԺʱڡ߳ӭһȺʹӣӵһӺݻģѾĨ̫̫
Ѿͷڣڼ飡



һһʮ£ŮϣѾͷ43

ͷգ۽̧ͷҵҪƣǺ򸮵Ĺҳǰģжġ
̧ͷ
ڴ𪣬ȴֿż˳ۣ˳ģЦ
һʵݵӡƫƫȴ顣ɼĲòȡడѾͷ֪
ҡͷ֪
Ǻǣ֪ˡ
΢Сµģˣɾͽˡ죬ôһѾͷġ
µ⻰۾һתϽǰ밲ʺá
ڣһѾͷ˵¹ǴˣˣҪ׵ġǣһ˵
µġ
ЩáҲûзҪŴˡз۾ǰµڶ߶˵顣
ڣѾͷðǰѾͷˡڣһʦĹ䣬ǻ治ܴˡ
ס¶
˵ֻʱΪϷҲû̫⡣Ѿͷʶ˻治򵥡
϶ҵѽ˵˵ô¶з۾һ߶һֱĶˡ
ǰϸ˵¶
ڰѾͷɣҲҪµġǴˣʱһʦôظ
ңǰһֱڴţ˵һѾͷΪã˵ˣǸ˿үĪϵ˶ġ
ɶһѾͷү˹ϵֻǹµĸ黹м١ǴʱϱҲ˵Ĳˡ
⻰Ҳǰüѡ
ͨһѾͷ˻ǴҲˡ
ƫƫڲһʦ˹ϵүҲһ˹ϵ
ǰӴѾͷҲ֪ĺڱ³󣬻ܽүһʦ˵үˣλһʦҵˣҲѽ˵ǻʺҪȥΣҲÿѽ
ѾͷȻ˵ĺһ£ҪһҲòһ¡
ѵʱ򣬻ǰµЩ
Ҫ˵ڣѾͷ̻壬·ϣԭĶҪǵҪ󣬾ӦðԺ档ֻÿȥһʦʱ򣬲ɸͬǰԵʱ򣬿ɾͲóȥˡ
۾һڳͷǽѣʱ䲻óȥһ˵Ҳûɶ˵İɡ
£Ҳֻ˵ԲȥҲʱǰ
԰ڣҳѾͷǸĲˡԺΪǳ𾭣û¶ʱ򣬾ͶֲһЩһʦأһʦҲϲİɡ
һ߶İԺЦ
ЩԺǣһ˾
˵ǳͷȴҲֻǱѾͷԺԴֺһʦλү
ֻҪλ˵һЩѾͷһĻš
ɣǲܰæ˵ҲֻԺʵһʱ͵һʦ۵档
ǻ˼ֻ˵Ǹͳȥġ,ҲǸһѡ
ҲҪ˼һʦǲүˡ
˵Ľ֣ʵǸѾͷһʱ䡣
þôˡڴȵһ֣ȻǶ˵һеҪôسҲ̫ġգԺû¶ʱֲٸǳһ·𾭣ҲΪҺһЩ£ԼҲԶ
µĸϽУˣʴаհԶ˼ҵĴ죬ߵĸԶ
⻰ȻٵĳɷݾӶ࣬ȻЦǺǵġ
̬һɨ֮ǰ׶һ鿴
ţµģ˲Щ꣬˵¶ͼġϲˣ󣬺úǰԺŰ
ūţūŵĸһЩ
µ˵ţǰ֣λǰȥˡ
ǶˣȥʱƳһŤͷȥ
һ˺ֱվԭش˺һӡֱһͨ󺹣ѹ
ԭʵǺµġ
ãһغ󣬾Ͱ
ʵǣš
ֻлţܰ쵽һв쵽顣
ת֣ذϡ
źԺķһƬֿĵ˴Ů߾ɫգ绨Цݣһ̣ıЩҪޡ



һٶʮ£ŮϣѾͷ44

ԶῴԽƯϲСҵСǡϧں棬һūС㲮񣬶һˡѾͷݣͽʶһүĴڣʣмѾͷġ
أһڿʱ¾׵ļ˿õкԺȻƾҲˡ
Ůɨο˫һ˲䣬һˮ¿ĳմ֣ѹһλΪ㷢˷裬жһ˻ţֻҲó˴ȥ
ǫˣƯȡ㣬Խ˰աԺһλģòҲǸ¶ϧҵĶһ氡
С㣬Щ飬жġǲôԶ
˵ĪС㣬ǲס
ôˣ˵ʱϲС㡣
ϲҲˡˣУǺү鸮ӡ˵һκүش󹦼˷൱ĳɹǴ˸ѺϾǺ򸮣һҪΪүһεĹѫЩɫˡ
Ҳá񲻶ɫ򸮺ãǵҲùһЩ
Ѿͷ飬Ҳ֪үҪȥʲôġֻϣ̫ʧɡ
ĬһȴͻȻѯ
ˣ÷ˣ
ô
²⣬úúöô÷ء
һȻǵүóһ˶ôĳҪúүӺͳңҲΪĺġ˵һκүҪһλɫ˶ⷬһ˶ɡ
ЩֻǾ˵ģԺٿ
⸮棬ҲǷƱõģү󣬵ȻȨƺ˽ġ
µģǺүһλҪһĺүˡ
۾΢գɾɰɣкأ
νӣ˻û˵Ļ
ҲȷСŹӵǺιϵ
˶ڷ紫˵СŵĹϵܲһ㡣ң֮仹һЩΪȵ
СճСˣҲļϲġ
ǣСΪˣ磬ֲǶСиоӡ
ֹ˰죬񶼿ȥˡ
˵Ҫ˵˵ɣôŵʱ򴭲ȥһء
ۣⶾ죬Ҳ˵Ļ
ʵʵ˵ս¡üȷʵ鲻ҲЩ
ˣ㲻ãСŶ㣬ȷʵǼõģҲճġһСһ𣬻ҵūݣԾʹսءȻʱСҲһֱūţвܣȴƾҲġ
飬ԲԸ⿴ġ
ǺǣүǣҲ֪ˣҲûҵȥǺã
Сڶ飬ȻĽ޵´ϻĿ졣
ҲѰĺҪࡣ
Щ꣬Ϊţ嵽ҲԽá
ûҪ֪ǰһ죬ǺӶز⵱ūţ巴ǰүʱá
ʱҲ̾˵СԿ¾µ
ǿ棬СߣһֱһūšԴ£ǵÿĽ޵¡С뿪ǿеġֻڵСߵ
ˣúýšҵʱ㡣
˵ǽԺȥ
ҲֻҪǰζˡ
ƽʱҪЩܣҪ͸һʦһˣĻʹĽ
˶׼ӭӺүʱͨ߹ص·ϣĽפվɽ붥ˣԶӵĴɽ³һ
꣬˵ǵ߹ػжã
ţмɡ
һҲˡȻôҹ˾ءΪһѾͷôǰ;ĹүΪʲôҪ˵̣Լ
뵽ЩãԼүǸ⡣
ӣǻǻȥɣ߹ؾ˵ҪˣһȥһزˣⲻǱѾͷһô
꣬үûи߹㣬ҪǸѾͷ
Ͻס͡
ǣ
СһСӣĽһЦ
ݴСү˹γɷŮء
ţԼᱻһѾͷҵġ
ο˵һСѾͷƬӣοҪô⡣
߾ʱͬһ·ϣǰ汼ʻ
ݡݡݡ
ɤЩԣ棬һͬͲСӸ ³СģҪˣȥǻ޵ġ



һٶʮһ£ŮϣѾͷ45

ǾҰˡ
ǰŵĳ˼ŹЦò׵ɣôһ˵֪ˣɳץǺáһ뵽⣬³˼ͣ
ȵһмߵĴڣ˼ͣ
ǰɽ壬ûһɽ壬Ǳ֮Ϊ߹ǰߵɽ塣죬СҾҪһɽڽŵףӴԺ߹صأҲҳ˼ƲһŮ硣
С㣬ɽĺø߰
֪޷ֹԼСҲ
ǰȫĸ߷֮ߣ죬Ǿȥɽһء
˰˨һ߶Ҳܹ˻᲻˰ǣߡô̴̵ɽС
ת󲻾ãһԶļˣ˨ŵаЦǰǣŷܡ
ȵ˼ɽŷԼˡ
ô᲻أС㣬˨ڴ˴İҿӡءУһᲱҵġ
˼ҲǴһƬӡİ԰գ˴ɽҰģӦЩ֮ࡣԣڿɽʱѹûᱻ͵ߡûķδȻĸ
ӣһɽĿˬ찡û뵽eܸعһɽӴԺҲԶ˵ҲɽĴڡ
ԶҲǻϲĺܡ
С㣬ȥڸһ£һɣ
˼ȴ۾һתߡȥȥ
һɽĽƺ꣬׼ϢءȴͻȻܳҰСӡСӶǵĺܡǰСӣӿĽǣһ˫۾ȴ鶯뵽˼ǸѾͷĪģĽĲ̫ϲ
꣬ߡ
վס͵ǵʹһ֮𣿡
ǣûƤأ㱻ǿקס˱ӡ
СһŭĽüֻúڳ۾
ԼСĻġСҲ̫ſ˵˰ɡƽ޹ʾϹ˵ġ
ֿƵȻȴֱţ˼ﻹǾͦڵġϾҲֻʱ뵽һ취
ܰɵͺһţǸ֪̫ˣǣҺҼСӵ͵ˡҪȥı߹ػ·̣ƫƫһƬ޿ɹĵطԣʵֻҪǵһá
һô͵ǿˣңһļÿˡ˼ãԼѼˡ
Ľ֡
Ҳ֪֡һ֣Ӳ˶ڴ˴ŬŹɿɰЦݣǣϵֻǾӸ£￴
⣬ǱôΪǡ
㣬֪ǹ
һ£˼ˡַӦڶң
Ľҡͷ˵һߵ꣬ģѵúƢһ䡣ʵһվһŮȻȻľϮˡҪģǵ˵ģôҲı䲻˵ġҪģǵĶ仹ֶϵļ²ⲻǹǹҲǸ˰ɡ
ǹô޴
˵С㣬Ҳ֪ôģȻܵ߹
˼ﱻǻҲ˵ȫˡ
ڽյ˸۾һ죬֡ʵڣöġ
Ҫôӡ
Сܣվһ⣬һϸǸˡ˳ĲŨü۵ģOףӲƣ;λߵĸоֻǣ̫Įòд˼ҵݣһûһϧ
꣬һ
߳ȥĽƵǰǸŮӡ
ǸɶѾͷίӣһŵĸϽ
ǹӡ
Ѿͷ㶳ԼĽƢһ𡣡Ҫҹ𣡡
ǡٺ٣
õٿɽ¶ޣ˼泩
ΪˣͲѰʱܵĺܿ졣
ǰũһʱĸ˾Ͳò׼޴⡣
ǺǣλɣǰŴŵģӴĿ޵ġ
סڴ˵صһ򸾡һׯҲʮˡҶǷֲϡ֡
Ӵˣĸס󣬱ٴϴˮ֮ġһҲ
˼˯ҹȴһס͡
߶˵ͳ
С



һٶʮ£ŮϣѾͷ46

˼ŵľȴһֻ־Ͱѹס
档
ʶ˾ǰԼǸ˺漣侲
չǽżҵĹһϸа˨
΢ȡߣ͡
šȥ
͵õɣҲȵϢǣȴĪʧС
ȵ˨䱻ƿ˲䣬Ľ䡣
Ҫɱҡ
ˡ˼ŵƺݺһȡ
˵ǲһӹģ
ŹҼĶӰɡңͷ챨飬Ҳû취
⣬Ƕ԰쿴ǺƵϷ򸾣ײײĳ˲Ͽͷ飬˼һ󣬲֪һӣԭǸרſ˵Ĺ
ҲãǼоȻ˵ڲԶ˨ŵġһҲٺѾͷһˡ
ͷû̵ãСӼԵĹЩҲǲһġǣԴ˸ӺҿСûԵҲǹǺԣҲһεӪŹǣӴԺҾٲӪˡģһҴıˣ峤ͷҰɽ֮ģѺϡ
գĸ˲û׷ͷһң˵˴;һٺΪŤ͵ȥ
ͷӵɣһǧлǸ˵Ķһ𣬰Էϣһ˲뿪˴ӡ
˵ӣô֪һӲԵģ
·ϣ˼ﻹʳԼĵĲ⡣
ʵǣڿǸġôһͿǼأ
ĽͷҲأֻǾֱǣǰߡǲԸһ·ʵ̫ѡ˲˵ҲǼ
ͷ˵ˣǼǳصġǣȴǼкüһߵϸԼһЩĴڼȵȡһͨũңĶʧԣѵ㲻е뷨
˼һ²֨ˡ
ûⰡ
Ľ߳ûһ㱾£ȴȥ£Ҳ֪֪˻᲻ȥ
㡭
˼ᡣȴ޿ɷ
ţһ·ߡ
ֱһҿջҲҪŽȥ
ĽЩͷƳһۡ
ҲϲӵŮ˸ߡ
ǰƣһ˫Ƶ۾ûɵľͷĺܡ
˼ڼܳıмԼǣĸġһ˳ţȴԼ룬ȫǲһġ
ַʧ䡣
ôСԺҲӡ
Ľﴽţ˵ĶԣһûӡŮ˶鷳ԶΪ
㡭
˻ĲŮˡ
֪ôģľȻֺ΢ĸоΪ˵һûŮ˵Ĵڡ뵽˼һɨǰѹ
ιæķϣǳԷ
شģ뿪ıӰ
Ǹλӣĳ˼ٺɵЦ
˵ǲǺǸճ
ֻСͷС㰡ӦǺԵİɡ
˼һڡ԰ҴڿʼҪ֪ʵǺܺദĴŶһ𣬿Ϊ򵥣Ҳ΢ԣĺġһҲССıһӣ˵Ҳǣ
൱
СҪճ˼ҵİɡ
ܰ˱ˣ
ʾ飬СԼħϲŶԡ
С㣬ǻ͵߹ˡʱ򽫾㣬᲻
һ뵽Ͻӣŵġ
ҲС㣬Ųѳ½ʵĳ½˼ҿǿͷĴڰ
ãһϲءǲˣʱӳ˵ߣҲңͷҲʰһ١һ˵ܲң
ĬĬԼϽĬ
һŮ˼ҡǳԷ˯ðġ

ͨǵһ·ϣһҡҡλΡ
˺һֲĻζͣ
ү̫ˡ
һŮʪյһʵˡ
ֻһ㣬¶żͻ
ǰ棬ϻһЩԵץۡ
Ҳ̫ܿѽ
ү̫
Ǻүô
ӵѯʡ
Ҳʵĺܡ
һ£Ů˾͸ǽѣȫ޹ǵ˶һſ˻һŲžǳժȡĹү
̴ţˮ̵ӣһֻ֣ץ˵ĺ͸ζҪ˸Ͻȥժȡһöӡ



һٶʮ£ŮϣѾͷ47

ֻڸһ󣬱ſˡ
үǿ쵽˰ɣ
Ů˲ʹ󣬶Ǻѯ⵽ĵض
ģ˺δˣ
غүǰǳſˡ
ǰֻˡ
üɿ§Ů˵֡
·ӣͣ
ͣ£˳ڴϣΡ΢߹˶ֱӡ
ĵǰߴĳǽƻ䣬ʹ
ѽһλҲˡ
ӻͳһСӣӣɻã
ǸˮһŮ˿߬һǡүʼһˣҲ֪˭
¹˭ǺүŮڣֻҪΨһʱﵽ˽񣬱Բɹ뵽ŮǶһЦˡ
Ľݺǰڱ˴ӵ߳š
̬ʮɨֵϵˣ˿ôһ̫̫е¹밲ʺáã˸һЩǮ
һĳҲԽԶ
˴ӳʱ۾һ졣
ҵĴ
΢۾ǰǰ
ĸס
˵ͷͰݡ
ҵĶĪ򡣡
ڸϽѶ´һ
⿴ɫЩĻ׵
лĸ׹ġ

ƽ˼վȺС
һԱߵĽꡣѽ
Ľݳ󣬻күЩ½ͻĶŮ⼸˶վĽݳںүʱһ𿪿ڣ
үԼŮҲһ𡣡úãû뵽ҺҲôˡ
һӣ䵽ĽݳϣԴϣӣԺˣ͸ˡ
Ľݳ˸׵Ŀ佱ǻϲĺܡ
һĶأΰж
úãӵĶӡүŶӵļһģȴĽݳĵ졣
ƽ˽Ứǰүǰ٨Ӵ
үͷЩ꣬ˣǶ̵˺ã㹦û
ƽҸЦݣܵúүһ仰ūҲˡ
ү
ʱһ
ں˵ȥƼӳ߳һŻոǾɫǵŮӡ
վǶȴһɵƶ
˶ƺû뵽ô˿ԼһʱЩңү
ӵĿˣһ˫۾ɨµˡҧŴǰƽ񣬡ˡ
ƽ˿һſƵү˵ɵ۶ˡֻ˶Ҳ۾ФơǰǸȣԲЩǣڿһʱĻΪӵġ
ţһչ˺үˡܣǿ԰
һ̣ľǳ˲ӬһšȴҪ˵Ů˵һࡣ
ЦûۣǣȴֻսԼȭͷ
ԴһЩҲһЩԺˡ
ܿƮƮһ仰ȴƽ̲Եʹǻɽһı
ĮɨһЦ绨һˡҶźүˡ
Ůˣʹ˵ʹ󣬺ǺǣԺĳԺҲ徲ˡ
Ϣƽֱ֪ͦŮ߲ơ
ԶĽݳһ۵ףǸŮ˵Ҳĸ׸ղųԱȻ֪ԼòͿԺΪΪߣҲⳤҪһ
ԶϷĽζˣͲûƽкˡ
û뵽кڴĺүһǲ˾ʵϷʱȥһ㣬ҲԲסְ
۾һתֵЦ
Զ˺˼ЦҲʱ뿴λ
ֻ崺˿
үһˣǺүƷǶܣԣƽʱ󳡺ӦеǱеġ
šү۾һλãӹһ˿
ŮôˣǲֵӡҲ壬Ůˡ
үһ˶ˣϧôûƼŹأ
һֱƹվһߵĶˣһѯȦĳŨˡңɲô໥ѶүһҲⲻ˼Ҵһѽ



һٶʮ£ŮϣѾͷ48

СţĽɽüʼţ⸮ʱһСŵĴڡ
ƽˣ̲һ䡣үԷһλ
ԷĽɽطߣԭǸϡ
ǿЦֲһ䡣Ҫ˵ɣǺҲǸģҲгϢġ¹ѧԺ˵üмӰǺӻԼҹϵŰɣҲǸءʱգҲ֪ү£мɫĺ
Ǹϡ
ȻгϢ
һ̣ĽɽǳһֻӬƵģܵľͲûˡɫ䣬ݺɨһƽˣȥ
ƽ˱һɨһһ͵ڵϡ
һߵһѷס
ˣĪš£δؾǻ¶
ʵͱԼȥ˵ҪáϾԷһλںүҪδãд
˵һЩԷһλҲֻںүһ䡣
һδ˾˰ɱ¡һ۵Ķӣңеǰ취á
һ˻صԺĽɽźЩԺԷʱǰ͸ֳһ棬־ǿС
󣬶ȫף棬ҲѿһЩ龰档
ˡ
ǸŮˣжͺ޵ж
ıѣԸⴥʹţǸݵĺӣҲ
˴ҵʱԶһݲȣһ˫ҫǳӣŲΪһĵԶ
һöͷɫ߶ڳһƯķȡһ˲䣬·𿴼Լʱģ
ڿʱҲ΢΢ס
ﴽǰףү
겻ԲеǺүȴǸס
ǰֱ̧꣬ͷȻӡ
ʮˣ˴˶ǵöԷաһ̣Ե֣ѪһЩӣ˶ű˴˾þԡ
Ľɽһֱ˫̫ڵ۾ϡôĮôԶģȴƯĲӦӵеֲ
һ̣Ľɽ·ֿ˵ǸŮƤԼЦš
Ƥ뿪ʱ򣬻ͷһЦ׷ңҾͼΪޡ
һЦԷţֿաȫ˼顣ţҪ˴˵ַ
ֱ국Ȼ뿪ĽɽѹûֵԷȥصƽ˵ԺʱҲĬ
͵õƽˣ˵ºҲֻȻһ
鼫ȸӡϣǸ˰ϸˡãԺ⸮ľλ
ǣҪõǸڣԺ⸮ЩצԿܸʤ㡣ǻ㸴ӵ˼һֱû
ҹ޼󣬺үŮ˵
㻹һ࣬ϸ˺޲ðˡ
үƽ˽ߵЦ
ղţĶԼ
үΪֹô
ֻյһ˶ĵλһĲ䡣
⻰˾ƽӢա
ǸնСŵ飬ǰôŵģԺôŰɡչ飬ҲҵĹ⡣
ƽŻĸǰ˿
ǣү
ҿûţӵ˵Ȱ˵Ȼ¾Ͳλүˡ
Ѽҵļá
⻰ƽûǻΪ벻֣үҪ˵ԺܵĺáָţҪټĺ򸮡
̧ͷˮῴˡ
ԺԺԻᰲġ
ǡƽ˴ͷ˵ʧ
˴
⻰͸¶ģʵǣҪµĺ˰ա
Щึģʲô塣
ƸϹҵĵճŮΪˣٲˣҲˡ
ƽ˵˲ġЦץˡǣȴʲôҲΪֻһ΢Ů
ΪЩ̲ԡ
ĬĬֻܿôķϣһͳ
ʵ˵Ĳпᡣ
Ϊึ֮࣬ܵõģҲȻĽ֡
ˣϣһЩ˯ȥ鷿˯ˡ
鷿˯ʵȥүķաôˣǲϲһ˯ϴڵǸŮ˵ķ䣬ҲԸеκһŮޡÿ˯ˣʩ¶һ



һٶʮ£鶨Ͻ֮ɽ

뵽Щƽ̧ߵϣᡣݺᡣຮҹᣬ˭á

¹ѧԺ
¹ѧԺҪٰһѧԱױԡνѧԱױԣǽǣ٣䣬ԣģʫʣΣ磬ʮس棬ܽ׵һıУڶѧԱڣԻСΡֻҪһΣԻѧԺͷЩǮй±֮Ľ
һεıԣÿһĵһߣԵõǧĽҪǮҲѡһ±˵кüҵĹ±ΪЩѧԺļ׵漣ҲõСĵһиǰҲǼ׵ء

ǰҲнô
˺
ǵȻˣֻǵһ˲ôԵĳôѧԺҲΪ˲ŵѽǵһнļˣ⻹ҪҪ˲ˣ
ŶǲŹªˣ̨ӽһء
˿̬ȺãͿ
ǰһ϶ǴСǰɣǰҲвͬĽġڶĽһҲʮȻ±֮ģͲˡбĲͬĶ˵ǸīգԼϧҲҪģֻҪһīҲð
ѽīհǺö֪չīգǼ۸ֱӷһǧһ谡
֪ʲôֻǵ콻׵Ǹõīյ˼ң˼ҵڶת֣˶ǧһīգֵܼǧ󵽵𣿡
󰡣˵īգҲ֪˭ġҲвֲīյˣɫɣôҲǰӵһ衣ī̵İ˿ŶƲۣҼͷҲͻģһīգҲ޲ѣֱ˵ǿԣҪȥκ̫ˣ𡣡
ԶŲĽ޵ЩǽŵЦݡ
СǱںԺó棬ĺ䶯Ȼ˲ҺԲư
ǰֻС߱һīȥչ벻˽Ļļ۸ǰ˵һ軨ļ۸ҲŰ˰ٶǽ꣬һīȴҪһǧ
ʱȥСԽ
һ뵽ԺǸ˶Ľ޵µࡣ
ԶСָ˱ī
⼸ṩīգСġ
СţҰ㵱ԼˡѧԺĳɼҲҪЩ˼ʹϵǱҪƮҡģٲԺǰ
ڳɳǣһЩҲڳɳ
ĵģĽƵĳɳ
Ҳȥ߹ظˡǣûϢ
ɲţǸűˣСĺôֽӴٲܹˡ
ǸȷأԽĵǡ
ңԴүСܲҲһֱ
Сһ첻ˣһͲ̤ʵ
λСӿźÿء
Ľ޵˼ʱԶмλָ˵
ŶǸ˰ȷʵǳļõġҲѧԺ⼸Ĵڡ˵Ǳ򸮵ǰүˡϧúȥˡһλүѧԺѧԺΪֹǰʦüˡ˵ѧԺʱڵļλϣĪϵ
˵ѧߣŴϵ⣬ܰɣ
˾̾ʵѧԺļ˵ĳߣǼ߰Ĵڡ
һ⾩˵ǿԳ䵱ʦĴڡ
ңλߣҪôģҪô䣬黭ܰμˡ
ܵõ⼸еһλأǼ˵顣ڣȴ˵ǸŮֵСӣǸ϶Ŵϵˡʵ˲ͻ˵ġ
ǺǡѯЦ
ǲţ
һͷôƽʱһ˵һλǼġڣȴ˵˵õߵĿأԵĲϹɰ
죬ҲͷˡҵõһʵʱҲǺðҲӦ飬ġΪΪȥһλڱϵµһλˣһȥ㿴һҡ
һ״һȴ˵ɻˡ
ôѽ
ҰܣмѧԺˣΪĥī



һٶʮ£鶨Ͻ֮²

ܣ³
ǣֻƽǡ
һôɣڳ˾ֳĬ˰죬˲Сѯʡ
ΪΣǰǲ˵Щ飿ңҲûƽʱʾͰڣѧԺʮӣҲλҲΪĻ˵עذˣ
ʵ
κε̯֣ҲİʵģҾͿһңǼλʦҪΪĥīΪÿλãλܣҵǵؾú棬վԶй̡Ȼ˶ڵʱĳУҲԸȥġ
˵λһ£ץסص㡣ǰġʱӣڻϣһֱӺ͡ԭİӣһ̣ȴܵһׯصաֱһλѻ꣬˶ˡǰһѻʱֻ˵һ仰⻭ˣӣɳʦٹ
λοһͷ˵꣬ɲǰװ˷ˡ
󿴼ǣ֣صĶԼλ˸񣬸лЩ࣬ңƺʦ
һ£ǰɵٲʵǣһϢ̫ˡ
תʼѰĽݼҵˣλĽ޵µ깫
ֻǺүһһӣȻǵϵȴһֱ˹ʡôһֱǲŲʵĴڡЩ¹ѧԺҲǿѧɲŵġôףȴѧߵеĶҲš
԰ʱ䣬ôܰеĶѧᡣǺǣ˵Ц˰ɡ
ţѧһ˲ˡ
ʵһҲǲ̫ȷġ
ҲֻѧһɡֻΣÿһ̨֣ܿһء
԰һ̨ı֣˵һһҪҵ˰ɡǸ˿϶Ҳ档Ҫҵˣѵ˵Ҫزɣ
Զԣ
һ˵Χ۵ʱԶȴִһߺ
עˣʮӣи棬ԵעҲ档ٶǶһǸעĶġ
ѧԺıûʼȻ;ע飬һ£˶źΧ۹
һΧۣ˷֣ʮһ䣬Ȼһİģɽӵˡ
ףһλɽӣôû˵أ
԰԰Ҳ˵ء˭ôϲӸȥˣ
λ Ͳ֪˰ɡһֱʮӵǸڵĺġһλɽӵĺԽԽˡҲǸĺİ
˸ǲˡһһ˸ͽܵϢʱһ֪ĴɽӣǺý˷ѽġ
ţһλɽӣȥ黭֮һ飬֪ΪʲôڵĺԽĸˡ
˲ͷͻȭͷ˵ͲֱһЩ˵ҪЩ²졣Ͻ˵ǺʣǽѺʮһˡ
ðɣλҪҲ˵һˡǸĻƣλҲֱ˵
ڳѧһ˵ǸˣҲĬ
ҲЩԽĴڡ
ǸһҼҵ
һƬ޽һ󴱵Ļ԰ʽԺ䡣
治Ӫž¥гԼ䱦ԼɫĹ棬ķڣ¥ķҲǴڵġ
⸣֮ԳǵĴ󣬶ǵĻϡеĺܡЩķһ̼ңһǲġ
ǶⷬǸָĶСЩһıúöԺ֮ңԸȥһҪģǳţٲۡǿǶķҲڿ˶ĺ۵ʱȰ˵ȥ侲һ£мҵٽ
¥һЩΪ潵¥ӣȫһ
ǶԸΪ
νԸнȥ¥ӵˣԸΪ潵Ĵڡ
ΪˣҲΪ޼ˡν޼ˣȻԼƤΪӪġˣһЩΪ񲻷еҲЩسĹֻӴͬȾƣС֮ġ
֮⸣ĴڣûЩ캦¶෴ģǼӵ츣˾ʿϾöĵĶУˣǵȻΪ



һٶʮ£鶨Ͻ֮ע

ɣ˼ҸΪġ
һṩֵĵطҲûŴš
ңṩĸɫҲ˲ȥ棬ͿԵö
Ҫģ۸ʵڣƷ
һ˵Ǹ˺󣬱Ҳ
ǸС˵һɽӵ¶
ɽӰ⼸Ҳż漣¶ġֻЩҲչֻȻҲǲĴڣȴҲֻǺÿ䡣ΣʡʱǵƷʦƷġ꣬λɽӵ漣Ľٰ
һ˶ͼһԡƹ˵һ̾ΪֹġλǲţȥǸ¥黭ӡ֤
治šͻȻɱɽӣԼϲӸ˾ˡ
ڸɱֻҲ֪ˡһˣˣǾһĴڰɡ
²ţһȥ
λѧӵʱȴָʱΪ˶Χǽϵһá
ѵõļȺһǽϹҵһҲһӾסˡ
һҹУһʵŮ;ͼҲ˼˭ͼ
ǸıӰֻǵȻվǶϵңԶֻһЩȻľɫ
ɫ࣬ǣһȴҪһգҪƳɵ£˵ʵաҪ֪˼Ȼֻڿ⡣
ֻһӰȴܹ˵롭
Ĭ˺þãѲת
һ̾һ
ֻһӰȴ޵Ͼ롭˵̾
ǰҾȻһĬ˺ð졣ڣһֱڻǺģҲڿǰĺ棬᲻ĳФţɫԱߵƣ᲻ȥһжֻչ޵롣ửҪܰһģйۿ˶ĸɫ룬ǾǼĴˡ
԰һλɽӣֻһ֣ǣȴǾƷ治֪ɽӻǺˡ
˵¹ѧԺһλѧӡʶһһλѧǺ˰
һ¹ѧԺıԣҲбҪȥΧһˡ
ǵȻİʢ£ôҲȥֲеء
ͳһɽӵţҲȥΧ۰
԰԰ôˣû˵һ깫ӣ˵زġ
ѽ¹ѧԺҲǳͷء
ǲɽӳʱҲ̫ɺ˰ɡҿ˵ˣһ¹ѧԺıԣкüѧԺ˴ŵΧۣʱ»ҪһءļѧԺ˼Ҳ˲ŵĵطڴƳɽӣ˵᲻бĺأ
û壬ȥΧ۾ͺá
Ѹļһ
˵һλɽҪбԣȻͼĺܡ
̫ˣ˿ѧԺ˰Ժ˵һλɽӣͬһĴڣԺء
һλ֮ʿһѧԺͬһġҫȥҲǼ۾ġ
ѼѧӵóһۺҲǼǣҪעһλɽڻĵһʱ
˼ɽΪ屧ڲμӱˡ
ɽӲȥ˭ȥҲ̫۸˰ɣǿǶȥİ
˼岻ãҲܱȥμǲˣһλ˵Ľ޵µģͷҲ˵϶йϵ˰һ˾һͷءҿעӮ
ɬһĺÿֻ˵еϵˡ˭ԸѺټ˵ˣƽʱıҲ̫ǲŲҪǮѹϡ
ɲôֻһÿˣѹעʱĿҲûˣǲ˵ġ
ѺעĻֻܿѸɫעԱϡĽ޵£ΪעˣȻٵĺܡ
ˣڵעʽܴǰʮһʮҲûмԸʵѧԺЩ˲ٵĽܳ˲Ű
˶עһѺעʱȴһ׮˵Ϣ
עλĽ޵¹ǧһ¾ѹǧĸɵµģ
ߡ
˵Ǹ֣ؾ¡֣ǼǮ˼ҰǧһأҲϡƽඡ
ǧ㵱֣Ǹ֮ҡȻǮΣһóǧ϶ġοһ˵Щ֣ҵӪڸԽĲˡ£Ǿ֣һܸ֣ôǮƻӻǺǣ֣չ̼ң˼ҵǮҲöȵģ˵ӻ˾ͻӻġ
ҡͷָ֣ЩʵǱ濴ôݻˡЩķ͹ȥ֣˶ʼû·⣬ҲԽԽˡ
һӣ찡Ȼעˡǧǽעһλˡһԣ˭Ľأ



һٶʮ£鶨Ͻ֮ʦ

ǧƺࡣȻλһѺǧѽ˳Ĭ󣬷Ͽ
ӵӵߣʾˡ
Ϊβ࣬ǧһ棬ˡ
Ҳ𲻷ЩԽĴˡǣҲֻһЩ˵ʵģӲŻ˵λʮɽءϸ룬Щ ЩˣиɫŮ⣬Եģгģ
˳òң˼ݣΪ˴¼ԼһסѧԱǣˣһλò˰OŷͬСɵĺøС
ȻλĲӼȣһλҲǼԺյĴڡǾаǰʮĴڡЩԽϽԽԽá
һ˲ţҲǼΪصġһλӣһλܳӡ߳ȥһˣɽյֽ֮ĲΪֹһλҲס֪͸¶һλȷʵϲĹǣȴһֱ׵ʵ
Ϊûף׷ҲЩķţǲ
ΪҲΪһŸɫķͷ
ôţһġ
ף㹫ӾȻҲעǧˡ㹫ҲǰԶڵʵѽ
һᵽ㣬ȫʾ
Ҫ˵ɣһλ㹫ӣҲĴڡ
Щ꣬˵һֱͷҪ걻һ¶Ŀǰ˵շҲԽĳɫǷ飬Ҳ¶档һ˲ţǲܶȡһΣ̫ˡ
֮һεıԣ̫ڴˡ
һ˶˵ѧԺĸɫаǰ
ͬڵʮĽ޵£ʱȥɽ·ϡ󣬻Ľݰƽ
Ÿ磬ȥɡһĺģֻҪȥһ·ʦһӶˡ
Ľ޵λǵӵȻܡ
˵ˣС϶ϲˡܣҲС
Ľݰƽѹվԭء
֪ˡ
λһܴӣĽ޵
㰴˵Ǳóķɫһ죬ֻҪʣһġŵŸ絽Ҳ
ĽݰƽһŻϲһЩ
õģŸ磬ҶŬġŸ磬ҲȥʦˡǣһߣûмҲһɺã
һĳݵӣĽ޵Ҳ
ѧԺɵĶǾӢĵӡĽݼ壬עؽĴڡںүĹǴҲѡһЩĵӣܱ¹ѧԺ¼ȡģҲһѧԺ档
Ľݰƽþһˡ
⺢ӳĹɿɰҲʵСΪҾΪƶϰ߷棬öʱԵЩСΪˣѧԺǱѧԺѧȡЦǴѹ֮ġ
Ľ޵һΪһЩ˵Χۡ
ӴԺ˾ͿʼĽ޵żָĲ֮ЩСҲ˲٣Ĵ󷽴ݣ̸ҲǰôƤǳ
СҲճĽԺöʱѧԺֻڣ
Ҳգǰͤţһʦĵĳ
ۣۣʦĵĵһǼóԵĴڡ
ʱ򻹲ǰϣĽ޵ҲǿĵԴϣᲽԼĳɹɽһéȥԺסżλסλߣԼǵǡЩ˾ʿöΪ۹ⲻͬ׵ļ١λߣе˰е겻׵ĴڡһסһֻΪһƵİã֮ͬġ
ֻƽʱ⼸λһ޷
Ľ޵½һƬƵĺɽ󣬿ľһŶnͷڳŲݡ
վһ߶һȵͣǰӹĳͷ
ʦûУء
׺ӵͷǺЦţţûˣܲҵİ취˵ⱻΧɽһٺˣҪôܽȵĳأǶûгԵģҲûеڶ·ȥĴڰҶ˼ˣҲûӴ
Ľ޵΢΢һЦԱǸֻʦһ̣ȴʦһֱɽ޽⡣ͽܵĴ
ͷǺЦţǣĿ൱Ľ
ʦȻڰѴ˵ô㣬ʱŵõء
Ľ޵ʵǺյġ
Ҳֻ ʦű̵ʱ򣬰ʦƵɽϡ
ʱʦ˵һ޽ˣҪͶȴ˵зɽġֻʱû˵뼸ȥʦΪ˴𰸶š
øң飬ҶҪĥС˵ˣһֱоЩ飬ҲˡԾܵһܰҲء
ʦִţĽ޵ҲЦЦǺȥ˳
Сʦʦ
һҲǴףһǿеĲ̫ĳƷԼɫ߲˹֮ġһ߶źüųԲ֮ġ棬кЩ
滭ĴһЩϹ߲ˣ֮Ĵڡ
Ľ޵ǰȿЩڿһ轣ͼʱѿڶ
ʦĻҲԽԽء
ʦҲŽʮ˶ɿУҲʮͷӡһİȻǣԼգÿһģΨ˲еĴڡ
һͼȣǲࡣôҲǸζʦΪһһɲ˶һͻĴڡ⻭̫ȴҲ˰ϰɽ֮ģҲ̫ˡ
Ӵʦôءǰһɽ۵ġĽ޵ҲǾ治ѡ
ʦһɣӵģĽ޵¸ϽͷʦôѹֲԸȥһһͶ·ģСľ˳С
СӶʲôЩʱΪֻУһֱ塣ڱһץŵʦִ£ת֮ȥˡ˵İãʱǹŹֵĺġ
ЦֻģĽ޵ҲΪԼʦĬѡʦɽɢһֱ׷ʦ㰡⼸ʦ֮ĸʱŻĽ
СӣЩʳһߡøǼ϶ˣһģǰæҲĻĵģΰա
Ľ޵ɵЦ
ϽóԼ׼õʹӣѸɫĵװ
ʦһη˸ۡ
СӾæֺһЩߵİա
Ľ޵»ǺЦ



һٶʮ£鶨Ͻ֮

ʦƽʱǸʲô飬ġ
ƣ֪
ɵɵЦݣһƬ
˵СӰһΪǸ࣬ҳżá˵˭İɣ
˵ôһѺһֱֻоʳС㡣
һᵽС㣬Ľ޵µͺˡ
۾һ˷ܴյǰӴӴǼҵɽӣҲӴ
ᵽ¶뿪Ľ޵Ҳˡ
Ϊü
ʦСǸɣѱ˶ǣʵʣȴǸĮһֱûҵжִڡ
˵ɴ۾
û㵱жŮˣ˵ЦЦƳһۣµţŰɣһȷʵŮˡҪ˼ҹҲϲŮֵĴڡϾһԱȲԼư
Ľ޵¿ຮʦģ˵ˡС㡭ǱһҪÿĴڡֻҪ߳ȥ˶Ҵѹܴ󰡡£ڱ˷ųȥ˵ĹעҾûˡ
ʦ⻰Խĺˡ
ӴӴӴ ɽӲŵءҿˣǸʲôôԱûŵġɲºͣǫǫɽӵƢġ
档ʵǣһλ̫ˡ
Ҫ֪ɽӣϹﶼõδſġȴһѾͷûš
Ľ޵¿ʦ㲻֪СǰҵɵܵһĿġ˵ңô˵ʵϲģһģ
˿Ŀյĺӡ˷ܵҪˡ
ţţǽǼСţеΪءΪѽҪôܵõ˼ҵϲ
ʦɵøϽģȻͽһпܴˡĽ޵¿ͰͿһɨǻŵģҲϽǣĶǸܹͽ˹ע˶ҲԽĺ档
С㣬Ϊλϲ
ţǴСһվߵʱҾϲ˰ɣ
ŶҲ˵СʼǼһġ˼ңֻǰ㣬㵱˵ܵܣеѰġ
ɲôĽ޵ǳ귢Ҫˡ
С㵽ΪֹֻСһĴڡ
ǣ״ɣҲ׵ĸı䡣ȻʱСһˣǣҲԸˡΪֹСߣ֮⣬ֻѺǣС֡ڶԲ²СС㣬ʵãҪΪʲô֪
ЩദҲɵӡܱʦϣΪͽܵ۾һҲ˭෴ģЩ飬ֻҪһ˼Ҳˡ
Ҳ˵ϸ˵ΪֹСչеֵģֻһ
ԻᣬеġֺΪһϵС㷴Ըһˡ
˵˵һҵС㣿
˿ͽǷǾĪȢӣҲ֪ǲֻͽġӴԺҪһˡ

Ľ޵ƺûʦ˵Сݡ
ȻǸһѾͷȴǸݺܲһĴڡ
ԭĿأһӾͱˡ
˵Сӡ
ָѵ꣬תһɤŶ
ϴ϶ģǼͳͳҳ˲˵ѽ
ʦﰡֻôʦǶ
Ľ޵ίҪˡ
ʦôĵӣȻǲġ
һ
Щм
СӣЩΨһһ϶ΪͽܵˡΪǾڸ棬ǿԵõġоȴڻûɳʱƤǳҪһѾͷΪޡǺǣҪΪްֱ˵ҪΪͨѾͷ֮ĻҪʵһЩΪһѾͷλ֮ںεأ
һڵĽ޵ʵɫ졣
ۣʦ˵Ĳ֮ˡأȴˣȻǸѾͷҲһѾͷԱġ
ôˣôˣ
ǡʱʦɽ˽
һʦͽţϽǰѯǺԵʡ
ôˣһһͽܰΪ۹ⲻأ˼ȴҪһУֻΪһѾͷΪޡȢΪްΪ֮ͨġ
׷ɫˡ
ôͽܣȻǧ㲻֮ǣڽ˵ҲǱǧٸжǿĴڡ
һˣ˵ǣеΣǣҲ˴ϣġڵãһͽܾȻ˵ҪѾͷΪޡ
ɣһӵкβ



һʮ£鶨Ͻ֮

뵽ĺĵġ
ʦüĽ޵£˵ɽɱǼϹﲻͽܰ
ʦһԲϾվʦһߣĽ޵Ҳˡ
ʦôأ
ʦҪһЩЩɨһС塣
˵˵ôῴһѾͷģ
ǴʦáĽ޵²ʺ
ºίһۺߡʦ˵һһʦؼλҲ˵İɣ

۾Ź⡣
һɨղŵ
һܹקס첲ĪҪ˵һλһʦĪĽ顣Ȼһλʦ˵һѾͷɣ
Ľ޵ĿҽޣȴԸѽڵʦ
ʦģҺʱ˵һʦǸˣңϤΪҵĴڡ
һһϤ¾ͷˡɬϤǻɶӴ
˷ı鰡
ҲϤǣС㣬Ҳϲģûұ׵һλѾͷһʦʦͽϵ

һ£˶
ʦһҲǿ϶ͷ
С壬̫Сˡôûѧ侲ѽʱܳΪʦ
ڨڨġ
һߵϽԼ貹
ʦ㣬Ҳ˵Сһֱô棬ԣԲܴô಻ĻǰһŮһҲǰһĻˡ
ʦףţ˻ǵСŰѻ˵ա
˵ţһ۲ԶڷŵЩʳ
СŰʦĳʳһ˹ǳţôѾͷĪĹϵġ
Ľ޵¸Ͻǰֽĵó
ȵԼĵĿʼʱʶ˵Ĳ⼸λԵġȻأʦ㼸˵˵ˡ
ڲ䣬ͱʦƽȥءһ룬Ҳɥѡ
һλѾͷ㣬Сʱ򡭡
£Ľ޵±ԼСʶһɳ
ָЩ֮д˳ЧҲȫΪѾͷָ
йҵһֻġ
Ѿͷָң濪ԼҵһҳĹ԰֣Ѿͷ⣬ٹ滮ġûг棬ҵĶˣȴҹ滮ָɵġңֻԼ佱ѾͷҲͰˡ
һʦۣӦ˵ɣ
ҲһѾͷʦһѾͷΪõĴڡ

λʦ
ԭΪСֻ;˼ҲֻǷ飬ֹңλѾͷ㣬ȻоԼͽܻҪĴڡ
⼸λһɻصӡ
Ľ޵¸Ͻһ䡣
Ŷ˵һ䣬Ѿͷ㣬ڲѧ治˶ѡֵīգа׷Щ軨ƷҲۼ֤İɡڣλʦЩʻʵѾͷġһˣѵ䲻ĿǰֻڰһСô
λʦǿ֪ΪֹСں棬ҲֻһʲôҲǵĴڶѣ
ʦ򣬡ɥĻԺĪҪ˵ǵĴڡ֮һֱֹ㲻ҪȥӦԣΪǲʱ˵Ҿ㵽бҪȥӦһˡ
ŶʦӦȥˣ
ΪֹҲֻһŵĹ
ʲô֮ģһҲû볡
ţȥӦԣǣҪֻǼ򵥵һ¹̡о١һλҪиԲδ£ڵ㻹̫ҫۡϾλѾͷ㣬ҲֻһѾͷĴڰ
ʦϤĵĴڡ
˵ĻҲȥġ
Ľ޵֣صͷˡڵݣɽˣڿƾӦеҫ۹âֻ¸ضΪ˺򸮸һ¥ҪϿƾһ·ΪԺɽǻΪһżԺյᡣֻԽǱֵƽˣǲӡҲֻδȢİС㡣
ԵģСӣԼǰɡҪһҹɾ͹ҪԼأͿһѧԺеı֡ȻѧԺеһӦԣҲһΡĸһҲǿԵġǰգ㻹ǱˣȻʱƾʧ̫ˡ
һֱô˵ʦ۵ֳ
˵㣬Ҳ̫˰ɡ



һʮһ£鶨Ͻ֮

ôѽǺôһİ취ʦ߳ǣĴǣȴĵĻ졣
Ǻǣڸ˼ϣָʧڴʱĽݸһˣֻ»°͵ӴһΪϣҿСţȴһ俼³Ҳ֪һ˵ɫôת
ɲôǴ뷨ôҾ徰ʦһۣϽǣҺϲءˣǵĴʦô
õĲ˵ʦܣʦҲ۵ĺܡôˣԽԽףɵĳ̶ȣʱǺǣҲǿһЩҲֻһʱ⼸˻Ƕ˵ӵġ
ʦţɨһֳˡأô
ûӦ
תʦǰĽ޵µ档
Ѿͷ˵ôõģ
ǰʦʱһš˾ôãҲŻġɣ̫һЩС̫ˣоҶ䲻ġʦ˵ҪôȡҼСأ
һᵽİĹ˾ͱ˴ʦҲúͽܣôͿء
ȣСūΪʲôܱ
ΪǼǹټҷˡ
ŶūҲѹˡ˵ƽʱʲôв

Ľ޵µ۾ٿˡ
ʦˣСģĪڵõɰôھαװԼԼٰһʾǰʵǵҪԼоĵ˿С
ЩʱΪǹںԺֻʻԻ̫αװԼֻҪ֮ģӵȥǸ˼аαװһ
ڣҲԽ˼аһαװΪǷ˺ö顣
鰡Ҫӵġ飬ҲһġҪӡʵϵģ˶иĴڣ˵ľʵʯͷ㰡ƽʱǸģȴС£һ޴ĴڡиǶ
Ľ޵²ͷ
ʦ֪ˡ
ǣﴽһɵЦֻǣһС⣬ңҾԱĻʧأԡȻ󣬾ͱɵӡ
ۡ
ĴʦҲСӶˡ
ãʲô
ʦ˭ûʱ򰡣ҲʱЩ£
Ľ޵»˹
ʦСӻȥΡ˵õһҪΪǰѺ鲹㣬ô͵𣿡
Ľ޵һϽԴˡʦͽȥǽˡ
Ŀǰͽ뿪ϵЦݱʹĻ䡣
ҲٵʱǻĸֻҪ˸Ը䡣ִһӣ˺Լʧȴˡ
ҵʮ꣬ҲûȵķǸˣǼ㲻ӦҲȥˣҲҪһңҪһ
һ̣ǼǿġֻǵȻͷ
תȻһɽ
ģҲ˺ѳһƬһƬġ
ΪԼܵġ
ʱľԶȴԽԽʹ
ÿҹ˾ʱһ͸ʹɵ
ǺǣΪҲ޴Ծ³ôʵͽǶԵ룬֪ԼҪʲôҪʲôߡңִ̫ˡ
ʹۣôвѧءչסǸ໤ˡͷһա
òװʦǽ㶨ˣĽ޵²Ŵ֣Ͻʹװ߳һƬɽ
ǰͤ棬Ľݰƽһֱںɪſ顣
ƶҪѰ˶ึһЩԼ͡
ô֧ȴûмܿ¹ѧԺõĽݺ򸮵Ķ֧֡һ˲ţԾ͸ҪŬܶԵ͵ĸףҲܣԵߺȰ죬ܵõһǮ游
ôСĺӣںвɪɪſ飬Ľ޵ɫ΢
ʵڵӴĽݰƽʱ翴˵Լ
ǻҲ
岻ĺܡ
Сĳ֣˽һСĲ߻飬ڵĽ졣
˻ֻǿСƯգȴĵҪһֻΪˣһ˿¶һ˿ů
С㣬һҾҪȥˡʱ䣬ұҪףʵϲģҪʵֵǸԸȢΪ޵ġ
뵽˼



һʮ£߹ս

ƽǻȥˡ
ѽأʦĵҲء
Ľ޵ҡͷѵˣ˾ůˡ
֡ĽݰƽЦ졣
ţ˼Ųʡ˵һνȥֻҪʱӣôôãǲʦгͷˣ
ǰֻҪǶǾŸ类ʦǳͷ˵Եʡ
ǣһΣΪһЩԵ飬ƽϽʱҲܰҷֵһЩء
ʵĽݰƽҲûС١ҲʮˡҲʮꡣͣ˵ģҲǶ׵ġ
ΪһֱǱɢĴڣԶ׵飬Ҳû
Ҷ쳤ˣøžŸһ¶ģڳԵĶˣҲء
ĽݰƽʹԵģɰĽ޵ֵġ
㵱ǳԵĶ࣬ܳĿ찡ɡ
Сӣʲôء
ٺ٣ĸ˵Ӵ
ĸһֱϲġ
ĽݰƽһҸӣĽ޵ЩĽ
Сƽƽʱͦƶġȴмˡ
ǵү̣ǶذĴڡĵܵǣҲ֮顣
ļңʵʵļҰɡ
ˣһαԣСŸôʦҪһαԵʱ򣬻֡˵ţȴǲõġǸҲʦԼС֪ԵˣǰƽҲ֪ġ
ҾȥȡΣҲˡֻҪȢСǮҲء
ǺǣСŸ϶ܳɹġĽݰƽСŸʲôԳɹĴڡ
ѧԺЩνǰʮĲӼˣСŸǰǾЦһĴڰ
СŸ磬ֻҪһֱ˦ǧĴڡ
ƽһҲȡȡһǰʮ£һʮҲҪɹȻǼֲҲ޵ġ
֣ظĽݰƽСѹҲ˲˸͵ĳ徢
СŸ磬ҶǰʮġһǼĽҶҪȡá
ǰҲнġ
ǵҲһһвĽ
ЩǮӵܣҲһĿ֧ˡ
Ľ޵£һĿ֧Ҳһҡ⣬ҪһЩѧϰƷԼʦӵԼɫ֮ͬȵȡ
Ľݰƽһʽ𣬿˵Ǽһ̫꣬ѹˡ
ֻҪԼһЩ궼ġ
ƽҪסŸ֧һҺܺȻ֧ڵֻẦ㲻ǳõģǵԼܰԶչԼһõδ
ǾһֱŬôСô̵ģڣҲŰƽ
Ÿ磬֪ģҲΪʲôһֱھܾæԭֻҪƽʱһЩҾ͸мˡ
ԵģҪԼеġ
¹ѧԺԺǽĽ޵˿
ôˣҲЩʱ
ȵҪ̤ѧԺҪ˵Ҳǲġô˵ҲвɢϯңҪǣҲˣҪСһµ
뵽Ľݸ滹һƯСڵԼĽ޵µĽŲͼӿࡣ
ǣŵѧԺſڣһƬȴۼˡ
Թ԰һ˵ϴءǹҺþòĮ˴˰ɡ
ǿɲôһεĵˣνͰҲ֪߹صĵطܲܶס
ܳɵİɡ˲ȷ˵
ɲ˵ڱ߹صλϽ˵ʮѽ˰ʱǵ÷ϵӴһ͵ˣôͣҲͲС˰
ǹҾûиһģ̷Ҳһôȥ˼Ҵǿô죿
˵ǣĽ޵Ҳüѡ
̣չǲõ顣
Ȼű߹Щ˵Ȩ˵ҰҲ޷ơ
ʹ£ܻвҪͦգΪ˲ȡ
ҲȻЩ꣬˵߹һҲǺͣҲо֮š
ô֪飿Ƕû˵
Ǽڱ߹صÿŻ˵һЩ֮ġ֮Ի֪ˣΪǰ˵żĿ
ɬİɡûмеˣĳ˽һ˲ŰдԺ˵ɡ
ҲǣˣĽݸһλߵĹүЩ꣬˵Ҳڱ߹ġ󣬳ɾҲǲġĽݸˣҪȥһˡ
ĽơĽ޵µȭͷ΢΢Ҫ뿪ˡ



һʮ£ӵķ

˵ĽݸЩҲԽԽ˼ǰ꣬˵үҲ˹ġǵҲлԵĽ
 ˵ôĽݺƴУܸôҫҲǼˡɢ˰ɣЩҵ ǵѧӵĻĪҪ˽̸۵ĺá
ѧԺϾѧϰĵط
Ҳ˽ϢĵطȻΪǣҲõĽѵáȻΪʲôңеģӵϾһȨƣҲϵᡣ
ǣΪһתյ˵ĳǲ̸ңдǵЩġ
ǣƵʱ򣬻˽̸һ
˻ỳĽڱ߹صĶĽ޵µغɣڱ߹²๦ֻͣΪСġ
һ뵽ǿУĽ޵µĶˡ
ȥ
˲䣬Ļտġ
ֱصԺ󣬰鱾֮ķ¡
תȥһһֱһСԺ
ܼ򵥵һСԺ䣬ǣȴסС㡣

Сʱء죬пڸѽ
뵽ŲֲԽĻؿһЩ
ۡ
ԶͻȻ䴫һ΢춯
ȵǸü۵ʱŭȻ
꣬СϵһЩӡǣǻһЩС졣
ǰЩ죬дסһءСÿҪǰȥǸ˼аʱҲˡǼˣ޾鷳ɡ
Сһ˵סڴ˴˵Ҳ顣飬սȥСİȫǿǵĺܡ
ȡ
ߵԶһŵĶӡ
ɡ
⡭
ǰƽǰľүλүƹҫۣҲȻһɲŭĳƣһ
ūƽŹӡ
ڴ˴θɣ
ƽҪԲȥ
ģ
ƽҪƹȥ˵Լģǣ˼ţĪķš
ǣǷ˹ӵǰ̽ġǣﲻˣֻ˵ڹҷʡ͡
ţȥӣ˵һĸ״˵µġ
ƽɫҰףӣ£ĪҪ߷˰աЩƽ˵ƢԽԽǸֻ£ԽĲء
Ľ޵Цӻ뵽ԼĸײãФŲӦѾͷ
ǡ
ͻȻһȳ⣬ŵƽವľ͹ˡ
ȵعŷ֣ǸССӣҲ۸صˣҲֱӵĴڡ
ҵĽݳʱ߼ӭ
ҵ˵ҪȥĻ
ƽ֧ţӵֱӣŰĽ޵µ˵˳
ʲôҪĸסϣô䣬֪ƽô
Ҳ˵ӦФѾͷߣһѾͷѣƾʲôФ롣ô˵ҲǺүĶӣѲɣһܳ
뵽ǰֳŽ޵ס
һһЩҴææһСϡȴһӰʱȳŰ˽סȵž޵ʱԭذҲûܻع
⸮ҲвٵŮѾͷŮģڣԺүǵСͨҲвƯġ欵žҪ۸ĴڣǸѾͷȴǵһ
ڿ٣ˮĴ۾ʱԺֻܳһͷݺ۸ˣ۸еصĲźá
ºһ֪ѾͷȻǵ걻ݸĽ޵ǸŮˡ
Ȼʱеɨˣ֪ĽȴӡǣǲģҪõʲô
ӣ£Ƿ׷ֻ¹ҲӲһˡ
һᵽƽˣĽݳͷĺܡ
ˣԻ˵ġ
ĸЩԽĳס
ңЩʱ򣬶Ǹһ欶Ů˸ѹš
ڣЩȻҲвٵ븮ǶԺԽԽ׳ƣӦĸ׵ͳҲǸ˵ġ
ֻһУִĸףչеϺȵġ
ǸŮžҲ֣ͬ˶ǸŮȴû̫˷еĵط෴ģֻڻݺݵĴࡣǸӵȥǿϧĺܡ
һ뵽ǰˣҪֻðЩ꣬ͶͱѾͷҲв١ĽݳҲƵġ
ΨǸһĹƽۣӴҲ
ˣǵȥĸװ



һʮ£Сݱ黳

һ̣ĽݳҲǷߺ޵ĺܡ
˵ǺүĶӡ
ңǽΪصĶӡ
ƫƫҪҪ˶Ҳ˵Ĺء
һ뵽£ͷ겻ѡ
Сݡ
һӣԴ򱻽һƬԺΪȡΪСݡ
ʱϣѿӰڷϡ
棬Ľ޵ЦţһаѲЮһӵ
һŹǡǸǰһĺó԰㣬Щڴ˴գԽԽѽ
ᵽ¶⡣
ǿɲôԵ飬Щгʳ飬ҲûѽڣЩջ
ڶԼգҲ޲ڡ
ʵǣԼܳԵѰ
С㻹ǰһֹۣһҲûΪѹ
Ľ޵¸¿ӣС㣬ΪԼ꣬һĻޡ㣬ָоǵʱһֱȥһ
۵ֳ
һЦӷ·ࡣ
ԣҲɢġ֪ˡ
㰡˵ľǶһҵһСƨһĴڡȻҼү
Ľ޵Щաü˵û㵱ɽ㿴
ͷԷٲǰһĻ졣
ҲֻˣСƢԡ
Ҹ㽲°ɡ
գĽ޵ºҪС˵
ȻһֱȥԺ󻹲ôء
ŶСҪҽأ˵ɣġ
С˵ţһŴƵСϣЦŸƯľѶĶ
ںܾǰһΪѴһСƨӡ໥һ߹ö꣬м䣬һˡ
ԼЩ꿴飬Ұʷ֮ģĽ޵ֳһܸ˵÷Ϸ롣
󣬵ֻСһǸ޶С˵ϲ㣬ҪһֱһʱСɵˡţҸȥԺǽҲû޺ģתȥ磬ҪС˵ȥԴҲ˵ģǲǻģС˼ɼ
ʵ֤ʱ䣬ֻ˼С㡣ٽôˣ֪ûȴ֪ĹǣѪôҲûӵȫ£Ҳ޷ÿĵÿһ졭
˵۾ۣ֡
С㣬С˵ҪȢ㣬Ҳ˵ЦģС޸ҿɺã
ǿЦţСţ߰ɣҺҡ
һֱСĹСһֻǰǸ޵ԼһĿأˣҪ˰ˡݵת䣬һʱӦ
С㣬ĪҪСŵ̫áҲˣǲһЩ鶨ֻ¡治ˣǸƽӣҲ֪İɡСˣͼΪΣҲġǰĽݸ󣬻֪кˡһ첻Ϊҵޣǣһֱ㡣С㣬ڲңҲ㡭Ӧҵˡ£ֻǵ֣ɺã
Ϊ˲ʧȴֻһ޷ݵˣҲԸ⡣
ˮ
˵滰
ǣʣһôֻͨ塣
ޣڿ϶ǲܵġ
Сţҡɺã
ɬȻ
Ρ
˾ĥˡ
һ˻ĺܺãҲȥ溣գأء⸮澭ӪҲ꣬θġ
С㣬һѡҶġҵԶҪˡңһΨһˡ
С㻹ǣأҳ㣬ֻ㡣
Եˣ˵Ҫ
һ飬Ҳ˵̫ࡣ
ܲҶȥ
Ľ޵²Цţת߳ӡǣֻſڣû뿪
С㾲һоˡ
ϵķˡ
СųԵĲࡣеķˣȫһɨյġ
Щ꣬еĵΣһĹ
е
ҪģͲİǣõģδСţԲסˡ˷ҪŪˣôֻαĴһ
Сţա
Ľ޵ϲݡ
ǸȻߣŲλõС㡣飬һȴ
СƽԤʾţľ̫á
ҪеһҧŴز˹ȥ
վǰİϥ£֡

ģʹĶˣһ̣벻ôӲ



һʮ£ջӮ

С㣬ǵһ꣬㵽ǰӸ¿ң֪ҵʱô𣿡
ҡͷ
֣ȴ֣һ̵Լ·ȫˡ
һҲ޵ֻǿϣȴάƽʱĵȻ
һǣԭϻ˺ÿڵ۾ֻǣһ˫۾ΪʲôôġҲǸһģܾ˵Ĳɣɡʱǣʱһ˫ÿ۾һֱһ˿ůءô꣬СһůҿżϲҲܿġϣԺС۾ҲҪΪʣĸӣĮôСţһֱߵġ
Сš
⺢ӣڻںСţɲԲҪôôΪ롣
С㣬ֻ뵥ĿģҪô˺ϡ
ԡάŴЦݣõıѾѾͷң㲻ӦҶġ
ģһ̣Ϳ
εºܣȻôϵһθ顣
ִ֣ƤЦ
ţԣΪҵƽǴ㱳ô
ֻҪһƽȻЩкη
üСС꣬ȴһưﴽ֪ĸˡ
֣ḧСŵԴ
û뵽ҪµСţҲء
Ľ޵¿顣
ʵģֻСһꡣʮ꣬ңҲʮˡһλʮϹӣˡ
죬ǰԼ߰꣬ٿˡСǸҲ߰ء
ΪˣŬ˺öķΪʲôֻвŸС㲢߰ġ
Ľ޵±ʾһϢǷϵĺܰ
һ᳤ӵģλʦ˵ˣ˵ҲôС
С˶ѮеƵ۵ֳԭ࣬ôΪƻˡ
ˣСţ֪Ӵҵľͬ飬ȥƽҪΪͨɡ
ίˡСӦˣǣĽ޵ȴѹ
ĿǰΪֹô߰ôƯôС㣬ȴֻܵͨѾͷ飬ֻ;ƵĻš
ǿĿһǰˡ
ǣ֡
ֻǵСŵͨһġϾСҲ˺ҰҪģСųôÿ˵Ҳ׬˵Ӵ
ʱС㻹οĽ޵ºۣС㣬ԺҶ㵱ҵޡ
ǺǣԺ˵ա
һЦȴ
ΪֹҲֻΪȨ֮ƣôպһġ˵һ𣬻֪ء
С㣬һ죬ϴġȵʱҲʣʽĳס
ɵӣʱ治˵ʲôˡ
ðգҾ͵СŹͣʱȢҽŵʱǻҿɾСẉ̂aڣһͨѾͷˡ
ġСӦˡСӦˡûбһϢҪܵġ
뵽Ľ޵ҲƲסȫļ顣ת߳ԺӡС飬þ촦Ȼҹζడ
תĽ޵¾ƽ˵Ժȥ
Щ꣬ӣһ㲻ȥƽˡ
ϾΪүһĴڣүϲˣûҪȥһ߶߶ġ⣬ҲʡȥǰТģҳϵα
һԺӣŵһɵҩζ
һζ²ⲻӦƽȵġ
ЩƽԽԽˣˡ
뵽Ľ޵½ŲЪȥ
ĸף㿴ЩǺƽʱģһſ϶ÿĺܡ
갡ǻ￪ġ飬Ҳ˼̫ˡ
ȿȡ
棬ڱĸТϷ룬Ҫȥ˻أ
ûйǣĽ޵»Ǿֱݾͨһ
ףˡ
ѽСŰϽСŽ
֨һ𡣰ɫŴ򿪣Ľݳɫſڡ
ƳһĽ޵£岻ʲô
磬¶ġ
Ľ޵ŴЦһ޺ǣĽݳȴһſ޲øһ
˵˸Ͻ
ﴫƽ˲õ
ݵֵܡչһˣοҪԡƽ˳û̵ӡԤУԼϵʱǲˡһǰǸĺӣչ塣֪Ȱ裬Ҫƴˡ¿ɺãûסԼ˸Դһ˺ֲ֢ϡ



һʮ£

뵽ЩƽԽıٵ;ƿݵʱ򣬲֪кöδ¡ӣûˡһЩЩԽԽƤ
СһĹǲĻ裬ԺҪμ޻˼ҡ
뵽Щƽּ꣬һ־ҿ
Ľ޵һλĿüԼģƽ˵治ˡĺöûɵʱһλ̫谭µķˣĪҪȥĺá뵽üĸŵĹһ
ƽ˲Żһ˵ˡ
ףСŻῴء
ԶĽ޵΢΢һЦ
һߣĽݳȴЦԶ㵱˶һСֻԶչʾҽ㰮ԣҲȥһ߶ȥĪҪ岻õǰܡ
ƽü⺢ӣôײˡӳ˶
ҾǳЩ˿˳ۡ
ƽ˸ˡ˳ۣͿѧĸˣ
ôģ
ĽݳȴЦĸףڲţҾ˵Щ¶СһǸģ㻹ĪҪߵ̫ĺá
ƽԼΪ̫صĺ˵ֵֻ̣ݵĽ޵ǰ
ԿһĽ޵ҲǰԳԾ
벻һλ⵽زˡ
ɢƢƢڶٲ֮ǱƤʣ岻ʵĲ֢ҲͶ
ǺǣҲ˵ġƽϣҲ⡣ʵҲĽݳһֻĽ޵Ҫ԰ġֽ˼һмֱ¡⿴Ҳһһεģļ׼
ĸֲ֢Ųźãң泩Щܳþá֪ûп辭ʳӡûУǿһ
ǸҲûУֻҪʳ嵭Եģǲ
Ǻһ
áл㡣ƽĻ泩ദΡ
Ľݳ꣬һֱվһ߶˰Ѳ֢ˣٰѷӿãպú
ƽ˲üȻģĽ޵£Ŷ˴к£
ĸףЩָСţҽҪ㱨ĸףҲ൱ýԡ
ȣĸףҿ岻ʣЩЪϢŵĺáһߣĽݳȴǾֱ˵Ļ
ƽüɨһԼҺ⺢ӣôԽûòˡһˣҲʱ˵Ĵ˼ҽеĻ
ĸ׳ȫҰҲóȫҶԸ
ۣԸƽЦ
һ⣬ҲǸЦŴȤһ䡣
ţСʮңͿʼФѾͷ˰ա
Ľ޵ҲϣֻǺЦţţʵŶӰʱ򣬾̺ˡ
ҪôСФŮˡĽݳʵ̲סԳ
ٲ꣬СҲǡ̫СЩôСѾͷա
ƽ˵⣬ͻȻˡǺǡ
⺢ӶΪһ̫µԲŻͬˡ
в߰ĺӣҪŮ˵ġǣһ˹µˣҪһŰˡ
ΪϵĸףչĲôõġ
ȣҲС޲µ˶¡
ĸףҾСŻ̫СˣôСûȢޣ˸ͨа
ƽ˰ա
ӣԽˡĽ޵µаܸð
ĸײǣҲңﻹԵءֻҪܵ㣬ҲûԵҪˡ
Ľ޵ȴָϽһ£ƽ˵ǲ˵ġ
һѾͷ㰮ա
һͨѾͷһָ顣Ҫİ֮ࡣԣ£ֻҪϵĸ׵ͷաǣû˵꣬һߵĽݳȴּ
ĸףɡ
ŶĸڴһЩԺ飬Ҳô
˿΢ЦȻ˫ȴ͸⡣̶һεʧ󡣿ǣȴܴδζ
ĸףʵǰЩԺѾͷңֳʮֵꡣĸףҲСԴһЩͨҲӦɲźáҪģνͨ¶Щ

ʡ
ƽ˻ǱĻˡ
Ҫ֪֮ʵˣҪģǺǶС檣ӡ˵ȻˣҲֵõġ룬ӳô



һʮ£Ƹ

Ľ޵²ɫɱ
Ƕ׵İɡҼǵǲƽүǧ˵λ˺ã֪ƷòһԼҪɵˣҰ˺õһ£صĸҲİա
ƽ˱һѣҲųһ亹
ǺǣЩΪʲôһֱŶӲö˵뷨
Ҫ͵ԣҲ˲֪¡ʵǿһԼҽõ˼ҡһԺյһҵʱǿǿ֣ܳо
ڣһ׮¸ˣӳоû䣬
£㻹ǱˡԺҲݵҪͨ顣
ĸӢԺСŶԸĽ޵Ҳʱʱʾá
ôʶĽ޵,ƽ˻⡣֮һֱæʵҲΪʶġ
ĸ׶ౣ壬࿴ԷһЩ
ȥʱĽ޵Ҳƽ˴һ뾯ѵ롣
ȷʵҪ尡ԣת󣬿ǻĶӣֻ̾һ
ȥɡĸףûʱˣҶɺá
Ȼǧ㲻ĸĻĽݳ껹ŵһᲽ߳˷䡣
صһ뵽˿۸ôҲ
Уôһ˰ŪءĽ޵£ҪõƯѾͷҲÿǵõ˭ҪõѾͷô׵ġ
뵽ͻȻЦˡ
⸮棬˭Ƚϻ쵰Ľ޵µˣȴ֨ء
үүУ
Ѹкɫֻ벻ߵ˶һ飬ĽݳЦˡ
ֻҪһҲмܲס
ĽڤǸͬĶӡ
Щ꣬ȴһģͷңҲǼӵģһ򸮼̳˵ߡ
һܰˮô⸮һǳɹˡ
һ߶ƽɫ粻ҲԵ֦¹±ǰŻ⡣
үʵһѾͷԲ÷ġ˵һЩҵȨˣҪһѾͷǻǼ򵥵ġеŲУǰһĿô
Ľݳ΢ʾƽٽ˵
ٹӰ㻹̫ᣬЩ լŶһһľͻž֮¶
ūģ֪֮ҵ峤ɣһΪ˶գ
ͻȻ峤Ľݳ굽Щ⣬ȤҲ
Ŷ峤עǣƷ²˳ƵѲɣһˣҲԵ¹ʲɣ
Ǻǣ紫ģ˰ЩǰԼһŮˣһֱİռŵءҲǵţ˵ˡ
飿޼ҵ˾Ͳ
ڣƽߡˣֻĹѫΪĹסԵģﻹܹô࣬Ǹ壬Υ۵飬ǿҲ˸ӹŵһ淨ˡֻҪû⣬ģﻹһЩС
һ£ĽݳһӾˡ
Ҫ˵ǣֻҪҵĽݼһУʱҪһŮˣһѾͷһСܵŮˣֱ̫ڼ򵥵飿
ˡȸүǿҪǿࡣ룬Ǻү˵׽Ķ֮һԵģǸĽڤҲǸĺȻЩڵϲĸףҲֻһˡһˣıүϾλ̳˵ݣҪģǹġ
ĽݳЦ
УСƽӰƽʱͷģǸӣ룬ҲǸеͷԵءûǸѾͷҪʱ򻹳ܵõֻҪһ˼İȨõ棬ǻ⸮һӦ˺Ľݳģ
뵽һֱǱŵҰģҲʱ
ƽǰħҲͰ˿ǲͻл·Ȼʱ򲻹Ƿ˻ǺүƵġ
ߣȥڤȥ
һ뵽ĽڤĽݳЦζ
ƽչ黹˽Լӣһ֪ҪĽ޵¶ˡ
үҾ˵Ǵϻ۵ô⸮Ĺүǣһôġ
ƶ죬£һ˵С˵һǸѾͷǡԽĿѽҲ֪λڤڻûһѾͷ
һ뵽ԼߵһѾͷĽݳ껹Ķġ
⸮棬ĿǰһѾͷҲλһǺүߣһλѾͷġ



һʮ£˫ɫ

һǰЩʱ򣬺ò賿
ֻǿϧͷߵˣûǵȥҪ
ο˵Ѿͷ˵ܵͷӵϲҲǼġԸ⵱ͷӵ檣¡
ҲǼ׵¶ա
뵽һ˿Фµ뷨Ҳʹ
תƽӾĽڤԺȥ
ĹǴˣжԵԺ䡣
ĽڤͶ˸ԵСԺ䡣ƽʱҪԸʲôԵĳʳҲڸԵСԺ
ҲֻѰʱ򣬲ŻһӾһ𡣻ԭȥڣǳǶһʳԵʱ򣬸ԺĹǣŸԵ顣
ѧҵ֮⣬ĽڤҲܲһ£ȻҲǺүġ
Ȼ˵ֻһͨھܲµСҲĽݸ棬һȥ¶ĹӸȻһе׿֪ȥ˺δĽƲ˵ǸͱĽݸ˳ĬŲἰ
үһ߶һĽڤĽݳͷ
һλĽڤǸ֮ˡϿֱڵȴҲǸֻ֪Ӫıﲻһαӡ
ĽڤԺﻹڿЩ鰸顣
ᶽǳһЩӵİһˣҲһġΪҪϽҪ¹ѫ˵ܴЩҵһЩɰ˿ҲʧΪһ͡
ӣǰ㣬˵ǵһ̳Ů죬Ҫһϼ
ǡʱԺǰ㱨
ŶϡˣĽڤϰ̧ͷʱҲˣҾͰϷ˵ģһһҲɡ
ӣڸ棬ֻǸλõߣ
ĽڤɨһۣѵãǸûӵô
ǣֻҪѹһĪҪϵźá
ţȥھưɡ
һ߶С˵깫ǰҲǰԳһ
ˣϡءҰھưա
Сȥż޵⸮ȻֻһӣǷǷھڹһְǱֵõԺھıһְٱֵĺãԺһй˭˭Ҳ֪ԣһ׮ͼ޵Ļ£Ҳûвĵط
СĽڤһӭĽݳ꣬߿ɫѰСϣЦѡ
СϣҲǼȥȻᱻĽڤȢŵġǵȥŰС븮ĽڤȥԼ˰죬ֱ÷Ȱ˲˻˵
Сйоصӣ˵ҲֻǴﵽྴĵزѡ
Ⱦƣ̸ֻ£̸Եġ
ֵ˵ȾƾĺȾƣԵ飬ȴһҲû̸үСӣһȾƵʱƽϧŲ̾
治֪ҺʱεزԸԳǸɰ˶˹һۣҲˡ
ĽڤСԲСζȤʡ
Ŷƽ㻹ͷءˣģǺҶԷ¥ģ
¥ĹǣҲǳĺá
ƽһ
¥ĹҿеһλȰʵ⸮棬ҳߣҲ֪ٵһλүǸѾͷǿɻǵáǸʱСʮɣ
˶кģһ׮¡
ԲСҲ¡
Ŷ˵ǸѾͷɡ˵ССͣͳһ㣬ΪλСӣ˵ӦñȱУǷġΪһʦһλйϵԴҲʹ˸ǳ󣬵ǰ˹ѺںԺ⼸һֱںֻ֮ġǸҲǹԵģѸѾͷսֻΪֻ㣬ڵСɡ
Ǻǣɲôҷû˵ļѾͷܻ㾳ءѾͷīգǸʲôĵҲƷ಻ĺþͰˣƫƫôܳǰĵӴѽûƼġ꣬ԣ鷢ʱǰˡǰѾͷ͹λٹΪ֡
ڰ Ҹ˵
ɨһۡ
ѹɤ
Ҳ˵ʹ棬ֻҲûôĵŮӴ
ԲСĵ˿
ܰɣôţҲܳôĵءĪ˵Ц
Ҫ֪ʹ棬ǿɶƯŮ˿ԽȥġǴǵŮҲЩƯĲͽȥϵ۹⣬̫ġ
ǺǣûƼģֻһصġǡֵһͻᡭ
ԲСӵͷ㿴˵˲һķӦ
һĻҲǴһ



һʮ£ټڤ

ӣҲǡӲŮ˵ġ⸮棬֪ƽӾѾͷŵء˵Ů˾ӦɼҲƯĶĴڡ
ɣûͷˣ˵úѾͷҪָүˡ

ԲСҲǸɫǡ
ƽʱ⸮ܹϵŮˣֵģϡ˵һɫںԺĻܾһʱ䣬Ҳ͵ĺܡ
죬Ѱ˸ͷתԺĵطȥ
ڵСݲԶĵطſǶ˳ڿҲǴһһ˲䣬еףΪʲôƽ˵Ѿͷʱ򣬻ܵķӦʵǣˣҪ
ֱˣԲСӲŴڼҳ
ߵ棬˻ġԣһڲ֤ʱĽڤֹһ
￴ŵǸɫġ
Բ߹ȥһֻһۣҡͷй˵ôɫģĻɫһλȣһªĴڡ
鰸ĵĽڤһ£һ䡣
ŶˣСӾþ޵еˣ۹⣬ܺõȥ
ԲСӲԼӱۡ
үɲһǺԺһľ޵ģһţҪݺ۸ĴڡûӴˣǻħġ
Ŷôˣ
Ľڤ¸Ũ
ĽݸõŮˣҲһµ˶ˡ
Ϊ֪ڰүһЩҲҪһõĹһүĹעҲѾͷ ҲǸүǡ
ӣ˽˵һЩǰ˵Ļ⡣棬ϵİգ
ĽڤͷСԼˣЩġ
¶ô
һūţҪФ˶˻ͷ˰ɡ
үĪҪǼġٹȴȱһ֡һͳ嶯ְַ˵һ˶ļ崿ǣȴǷһҪ۸˫۾ĵգ˿Ҫӣǲţǻ˸֪ˡ
˵أܱȹԼˣĽڤҲǲˡ
ߣҵƣô޵һзӦ
Ľڤʾ
ԲСǸš
үһ治ţҺʱţģһε飬ӮʱүĪҪħǸСԻ˲źá˵˲úҪΪŹӵ˶ˡЩʱ򣬺ŹӾڲԷΪһѾͷҪĵȥãǺĺܡ
Щ˵ģҳŰɣͷ¹ѧԺıԣ˵Ҳǰˡ֪ô˷ءһСڣүġ
ᵽǸˣĽڤǿĺܡԼǸӣҲһĵǿ
ǻظȥˡ
ĽڤҲͣĶ
ˣȻǸĿ
صʱƼԺԡ
ףʲô
ڤӣЩǸԷԡү˵ˣԺ̫ЩҪЩɫ
Ŷ
Ľڤ۾һգСԲ˵ء
ǲģȻΪһѾͷǴ󶯸ɸꡣ
ģǸ˸ӵıӡ
СүҪȥ˵Ǹھߡ
˺ԺСԲҪȥĽڤȴǾֱ̧ȣһӾͰŸ߿ˡ
ںԺֻզȻǰԺҲǴһˮͰСͷǰ
˵ԺвٵĻģүҪƣǸʲôĵطһʦ޵Ļ
ĽڤЦ߹
ڤӡ
˺Ҳǰü
벻СݵĲ֮ͣȻĽڤ
ˣҲǸ첻ߵģ벻ܹ뷨Ĵڰ
ǡ
ڿ˾һƳʱĽڤҲ类ҧһ㡣
𾪿ãȴֳ崿ģҪ嶯İ۸ļ׺ݵĴڡ
ǵģһǹɣɰҪѾͷ
̧ͷ
ԵĲݷ
֪̾ͷɢģҪױߣҲĳªһЩġΪֹǶԼһʹٵɣ²ȥ֡
Ͼǵġ
ԼҲ˳ġ
̧ͷ߻ľգ˲侪ǰˡ



һʮ£̻

࡭
һ̣ĽڤԼʿˮ
Ȼ˫žĶѡ
ϰѩˮļԼཱུķᴽԼƳĲжһӶ࣬һݵľġ
꣬ǸӤʵСڲ֪УȻɱһž۸ľ˶
˵
ܣǰһһžͼůģ͸Žĵһ˫ˮ鵽˿˾޷СŮˣһҪģúð棬úƷĴڡ
һֻԶţޡ
ȻһȴţֻҪá
عӣūȷʵ
شκΣ彿衣
һ䣬˸Ķ
ȷʵ
Ľڤ˵ǰҪ
ȴǸϽٺ˼
һֱܳͷ֪ӴҪ
ͷ˶ӡ
¶һӰѩĲԼģŵࡣ
ͷʲôֻҪүһ仰ͿԵõˡǸһ軨
ò׿һĽڤſʼԺȥ
üԺȥ
һߣԲӵͷվԺ
ȻҪŮˡ
ЩϧҲ֪ô˵ŮˣõˣʱҲزסġ
⸮ūǵŮ̫ƯһүϣǾһǰô꣬⸮﷢ūŵŮ˱͵飬١ǶүһóŮˣҲһūȥġڣǸ浱һˮĹ¡
Щɻãǵʱ򣬿ɻǱүġʱ¿ǴԵģ
ʱĽڤ֣ⷢԼǵѾͷһ顣
Ҫ֪ĽݸүĶӰ
ڻǵһѾͷС¶ԼЩˡ
ԺУֻ࿪š
̵ĻƵģǻǽϣǼڷǽīտƯˡ
ڷŵĺз񰡡
Ȼô޷ڿĵһۣĽڤ;ЩͲݣǽ֮ĲãǼĿġ
һ磬Ůһֻһͨ·վǶȴ綼Ϊס
ЩһʦǶѧһЩЩҲǴǶѧģЩС£㹫ӹҳݡ
񣬿Ըȥ
Ľڤʱٿƽ
⵭ӳӣ续üŵĴͤͤɰǶֻһ
ǰ׵ɵƤ·һͻ
Ľڤĺһγ
ǰһ־ȴʱ˺󼸲
ӣʱˡ
㡣
ֻ˲䣬Ľڤһôãûչˡ
ǰͨѾͷҲڳ׺Ͱ˴򷢳ȥϲλյӣҲӦõͳ
ΪͷӶ⡣ǽ죬Ǹزˣֻ룬һ谮ǰѾͷĻˡ
ӡǶԼΡ
̧ͷɫԳ
ӣǾһգһ壬żջҲҪΪˣڹ֮У
Ľڤһüʵͷ
˶˶ϲŪŮļΪ˶׼ġ䣬ĺ򸮵С
ͷԶ³
Ǻǣڤ˵ļǡĺүŶһЩŮˣΪ׼ġ
ĽڤЦˣѾͷ統һĺϲ鶯⶯ǰҪץ֡
ȴٿһöĳ룬һӶ׼Լ
ΪԺɫˣһҪҲա
Ҫ
ৡ
ǣֻ˲䣬ͻһĺۼ
ĽڤŵĿֵŮˡ
ЦԼĳỤ̄ںݺݴһ
㣬㣬㡭
Ľڤֱš
ѾͷѾͷΪ˲ӦˣϻݣҲҪܾ
һѪĽڤתߡ
ˡ
Ժ⣬ԲӻΪῴϲĽڤ
룬һȣȴֻȵһŭڤӡ
ӣӡ
ԲӿϽϡ
ʱĻ֪ܲλһ顣
߳ȥþãĽڤŶסŲ
ǰһ绨ôôǣֻ˲䣬һĨ㱻ѪΡжදˣڿǲһѪʱģжۡ



һʮһ£

Բӣ˵ϵŮˣвϲԼ˵𣿡
ԲӱʵסǰӣˣϲԼǼĴڰɣ
ǣĽڤǹĳȴĿһ£Ǹ绨Ůˣɵ¶ɣ
⸮ҲвԵŮˣ̺үԾ͹ٵԼաֻǣˣչмѾͷԸǵ齣Ӵ˷֦ͷ˵أ
ĽڤǺǵЦתĽԺȥ
ԺĽڤ˵ĺϢĽ꣬ĽҲǴһǳһߵС˵˸˸Ͻȥ׼ʳġ
кþƣ˵ڤһһء
Ľڤӹһþƣ๾ľͿȥ
һͺ꣬Ľ갵üͷ
ģǸŮ˵һлǺܺġ
ڤ쿴ܷ갡
;Ľһ䡣
ĽڤȴǴԶ۾Ķ
꣬˵ǲǺܲ
Ľһ
Ȼ˵ò˰Ҳ֮ˡ룬ǰа˵ƣһжѰҪࡣˣôܺܲ
㲻
ǣһѾͷȴʲôҲǡǺǣϻٵԼգҲԸҵҵרǡ
顭
Ľıӵڵأ˵ʲô
ԼһС
ȻҪٵǣ˽ȴϣ˻ԼϢʲôǸŮˣϻݣҲԸ̺⸮ү
ǺǡĽڤһӣҪʲôŮûУ¥ȥһ֦ҪҪүСү糾Ůûжġںò׿һѾͷĶˣﵱרš룬˼һ飡
˵ֺ꣬ݺݹơ
ǣĽġ
˵ôˣӦѾͷˣܣ˵ݾͻݵģ
ûע⵽ѯ仰ʱԼǲġ
ǺǣֻҪΪˣȴҪʱٿؾʹԼûƼѪವľ͹ˡú죬ôۣ꣬ϣôԵŮˣ
ҪǿҪĽ޵һһֵıĳ
ֻ뿿ѡ

Ľѵָǰ˺ȳ
ȴǵʹͷҲˣ֪ôԣĻ˶Ūֻڡף꣬ô˵ļ֪ϲĸѾͷ
һ̣ѹ
ĽҲ֪Լֵ̫ˡ
˿
ûУֻ룬治̫áԺĪҪ嶯¡Ȼ˵ѾͷǣǵӵˡչִˣʱڼҵҲ޹⡣ο˵ڵһֱǺöһĴڡ֪ǿһѾͷҪŭӵġ
ĽڤĳĬ
һĽڤȵ
ɨһˣĽ
ˣڤͻȥɩӣ˵ڤ鲻á
˵ֽ꣬һСѾͷ
һ·
СѾͷӡһǿ֬Ľ
ܺãҵŮˣҲ㲻ù
ߺĽһҩСȥ
ǸŮˣ˳ɺģˣ
һ뵽ŴƵ欶˵ˣľͻһƬ
үϽԺŶ
Ľ޵Щü
Ҫţȴס첲ȥҷ䣬ûҵݵó
á
֪ôģС͵͵Ż¶ĸоȻĵ£ȴĪĻϲ
ڿСʱɫЩ
⸮ˣǲŹС㡣
깫ӣ
룬̹ȻԺš
̧ͷҿ
Ľһ㽹ʹԴ
̧ͷϣһۡ
ȻĲ̫ֻҪһЩõİ̺ҩػܳġǣϣĸһ̺ۣ磬ѩͻȻ䱻˺ݺһɫĺۼǴۡ
깫ӣҲˣذաĪūۡ
á
ȵ߳ĽԼҪҩ
Ǹ㣬ֻҪˣĲ䡣
л깫ӣū澲ٻָһҾա
ȻģͿ͵ơ
Ľ겻Ŀһˣţתˡ
ҲڵգֻǣΪʲôƯȥأ



һʮ£Ҳûʲô

񵭵һЦƤˣ˾ˡˣҲٸФţҪΪͨ
㰡ҷģҶĽڤùġ
ȥʱĽ껹һ䡣ֻǵһЦȻٵǣһЦݣҲȻƲۡ
ٿһƯŮˣĽתȥĽڤĻȥ
ȵԶתӭ˫ӡ
ûԹң
ͷЦɣᣬʵǰҪٵġֻչЩ᲻ãˣ̤ʵࡣӴԺ󣬶˰ա
˵Ļ벻⣬Ľ޵Ҳ̹Ȼˡ
֣⣬Ҳûʲô̫ġʵ񣬿ۣǣ˿
̫ãǻ޷ԱԣǸȫġ
֪ף˫顣
ɰһ죬ǣʱ־ãʵܶ㷸ҲûԭġΪңʱҲƲסԼ
Ц
ָĻ˻
ʱҪҹģеȲء
Ľ޵۾Сʹ

񿩿ЦﺬŵĹ⡣
㿪ʵЦУĽ޵µҲࡣ
ż˿ҹκ̡̫
ʱֵҹĻ֮ʱĽ޵Ҳֻ뿪
ҵš
ͷԳԵЦȴǻҡͷ
ء
ϲѵ꣬⻰Цϡ
ȴһԺȥ
Щʱû֮ʱ㣬ܿԺˡôѲΪһҪΪϣ
ЦҲࡣ
һ˲䣬Ľ޵µķ·ʲôݺݾ
С̽
ȴ׵˵
䣬ЩҵԼ
Ҳա
ţЩȥ˯ɡĿԣ㶨һٶٵġ
ֹֻڶ٣Ǳġ
Ľ޵»еĵͷЩ뿪Сݡ
Ҳ֪ô£ԺУϸŵСĳ
˫ģû˿еѰ
ݺݱ۾ʱȴŹֵЦ
Ľ޵ºĽ޵£Сһֱڲ˵״̬ȻЩദļ졣ǣҲ㵱ɵܵһĿ㵱ˣͻָǰĮ飬ʵ
ȻڵСദˣȫĴ̣Ǳġ
Ǵ⣬ĺġ
Сܰ˶ԴʵҲһõĿˣô
ˣĽ޵ֿĵЦˡ
СĽ޵˺󲻾á
ҲСŮԼٵİҲû̫˸С
Ůϴ˿ڣҩ
治ʹ
治ʹҲ֪һʵٵġֻżĻ룬һֱûºĶѡ
㰡ҲգԺҲЩ鷳顣ֻǣһֱסţ
չǸѾͷǵʶһʦֻ£ŮͲǰĸϰֹӵۣ͵˼ҵˡ
ֻǣһѾͷһء
һֱðʾңҪһʦҪһҪһЩ顣ţô꣬Ӧȡرʱ򡣡
˵һ裬㳢ζԼԺֵģһЩջǹɵĻζҲĽ
һڣЩ̾ǣЩһʦԵûѧᣬܵѧһչֻǸΪūŵĴڡūǣҪϴѣѡ
ûҵǵǰʧô
ȫ䣬Ϭ۽Ů
ġǰĪҪ
ҼǵõģǰԲ͸¶ǵȻĺܡ
ŲճԼŮͷʹСʱǸѩɰСڶȥĶأ
ĪңҵãľͻڵǰŵʧǶȣ
ǰƺҾΪǰʧǣ󱻻ʵ۷ŵ߹ءºƺֲ̫á˵Ͷⷬ
ɾһĿΪҳϵˣͶⷬˡ
۾Щ
ĨĨۡһǵãʱǸ˵ˡҵʱҲߺ졣ǣȴҲھʧ̬Ҳĵز
ڵǰʧǣǲŵġǣ¶һλﵱָ֤ġȻôΪ飬ͱɵ߹ȥأ
һЦ
λоɵĴڰɡ֪Ǿˣ
ҡͷҲ֪⸮һЩ˵Եģ治֪ѲɣҼ֪
ԭϷһʣȴͷ
ţ֪ģЩ꣬һֱ˵鵱ǰʧǵ顣꣬лˡݸ̽ϢһλɣĴˡ
ʲô
һξˡ
ˣϾûʣ
ЦЦԳЦݣĶˡ
Ѳɣһ飬ʵ֪ģ
֪ңΪҪ£Ҹڱ߹ȥˡ飬ֻǻʼ˵Ȩ֮𣬶ǡᣬе㵹ùѡ
ô¶ֻȥ˱߹أҵϵҲ֪ˡ
ǣƾŸо϶вٵ鷢
Ͼڻʹ淢飬Ҳǳ͢һЩ˵ġô¶˵ˣҲû֪ˡ
£Ȼ֪ԩģʼҵ˿ˣǡأ
뵽˶Ĳ
ǰһ˿룬гһգҵ֤ݣ˵ԼҷΪˡڣһֻΪʵȨƷƷҵһѣҲ޷ƽ⡣
̫Ҳʧǰĳġ²ƴһѣԶ֪ĽʲôġһֻŵǱ߶˻ţ룬Խˡ
һЦһ˲䣬̾磬̷ʡıˡЩ꣬ʧ˳ʼ־
ҼŮܵˣǵĸɾ
ο
һתĸŮ˵һʦ
ȻƼҵĶҲ˵ˣӦԵķӣ
ŮһʦĶóٸһ˵飬ǿ롣
˽ԼҹŮԸôܾʹ˳һʦء
ȥʦȥ˳㣬ҲǶСסһʱ䣬£Ҫʱڲܻعˡ
Ĭˣ
ʵȥȥҲá
ȻǺõģʦ˵ˣЩѵһԹǲŮӣԣһε飬ȥæء
һǰǿӦŮͽܡ
һ㣬ʵŮˣƤһֱ˼ҽʦʦģԾӦġ
ȥȥҲãһΣһʦҪ鴦ˡһλľҲûϾˡ



һʮ£һλҲڡ

ᵽһλĸŮĬˡ
ʱ磬͸Ͻ뿪
Щһֱ巿С֣ǳҲ̫ܵʱ
ĸ뿪ˣͿʼʰȥһɽССסʱ䡣
ϵѾñǰ
ԥ˺þòġʱͳȥˡ
ڶ죬콫˿һ㲻̫ԵĻۡû̫ҲһԵİ̺ۡڻụ̂ôŵЩˡ
õΨñҲٴˡֻҪ߳ȥܿĵһۣǵ̺ۡӶԲԵĵط
ţͦá
ﴽ񻶿ñһ߶
Լǰ׼õЩ֮ģ̤ȥƽɽĵ·
Ļ֮ģµţڣҲõЩʵ¼չˣĽ޵ҲǱȻæչ˵ġǸ˺ǡ
ϸԺУԽĽ޵µӰ
Щ꣬ԽԽε⣬ûиоֻǣǰ黳ģˣûġһֻƽȥͺá
Ҳв˵Ļ
˵
ǣֻҪ뵽Ľ޵˵ĻǲɱĻʹ
չ飬ǶעһաȻôںء
ߣܿ͵ƽɽط
һǺʢȻǰȴֻڳһʮ壬ԺԵʱ򣬾ȥҲС
ɽҰԺӿȥԴʱ򰡡ôʱءʱԺŵЩԵĶȫѺںɽ档
˵һʦЩҲ׬˲ٵǮǿҲǴ󰡡
һȺǣҪķǮơ
һʦһȺҲȷʵȫľƷ
Ҳ֪Щ˻ôһЩŹֵĶһʦҪĸֽⶾ飬ҲеˡЩ꣬ʦоⶾ顣ÿһʱ䣬˴һԼģ֧һʦҵ
ˣԼԼ²˭ΪԷ̫ˣԾʹ˴סȥ롣
Ż裬ԶԶŵʦǣ
ʦ֣ʦְôܼιϽæᶫѽǴţһҪȥء
ٵӣԺǺЦ߳
СʦðһʦҾͰæеĶᡣ
ʲáʦ֣ˣϽҵĶȥɺá
һ߶۾һɨ˵ԣʱ˴ʦˣ
ˣƤ˰ɡ
ȣҽɴʦֵİʦöˣ㲻Ҳа
ʦֵҪ죬һߵĿġʦ֣ˣʦɽɽ棿
һʦֻ
һ£һɽ
ȥɽһȺǴһ
ʱ򣬶뱦Ǵһġ
ʦҲûȥ棬ء
˵ݡ۾Ź⡣ѽ˵һλˣ
һλ缸ǰһˡ룬¸ôãˡ
뵽ǸƯĸˣڻ˷š
ʵǣƯ˶ϲ
۳һϵ˺ۡ
˵ϵ˺ˣ֪Ľ֣ôʦͰɡȻʦãǣǻ׷ġ
һʣҲ
ԣ˵ա
һʦ̡ӴֵģԺܶ˵ֲǡ
ǣ˵˲ǣڱر
üΣ˵Ҫˣĵֻ˵һ䣬ȴʦѵ
ΪˣһʦҲʵġ
ʦ֣ȥ˼˳һǸųʰ
һ˵в˳ԣͿˡ
ţȥɣء
Сʦ˾һã¹ôŶһЩóԵġңЩʦǿѵ£ʦõҲս
Ϊֺʦһλڳνࡣ
һʦҲ֪ǸʲôëԣԷµĺܡΪˣǿһɣʵ䷲ʦĳһĵӡȻһͨĸɣѰ˼ҿġûʮ˼ң϶һʦ۹޵˶
һ߶һֱ̺һʦʳ֣Ѹֶ׼ãҪ΢΢ס
һˮƽҲԽˡ
ЦҲ̵ĺáȻҲöԵġ
⻰Զԡһλֹͬɵ֣ĳʳЩһֱѧġΪһλʦЩգ˵



һʮ£̫µ

˸зϹ֣峴ѩӣ׼һЩģĴ˴֡
֣ʦӦò̫˰ɣ
Ц˺͵ģ˵ôദ
죬ʦŲദأĺãޡĲðÿζʦ˵Ĺֿġˣһû˵أɶһλķʳҲҪ׼ɣ
׼׵ˡ
һλǶ֪Ķ󡣲Ǿò̫á
ȻλǰԺһʦʱ򲻶࣬ôа
ŵԺ⵽ĵģһʦһֱϲ֡ԣԺӣСš
ܻģҲһЩˡֻϣߺܶշһ㡣
㶨᳤þãһȥ
ǺǣȿȡܰҲ֪ʱղ࣬һβҳȻķҵءʵɣС۶㣬ͱ˳ѡ
䣬ľûһĸоô
⻰治֪Ӧأת뿪
Ͼ¹ʦ˽¶
һֱĹ֮ˣûԵ뷨㲻ø̫ࡣ
ǺǣҲǺǣˣΪһ使ͨĻͣءЩ̫꣬뵱ȻˡҲã˵ˣԺҲЩǣ
ɣѾͷ
һʦŵĲ·ˡû뵽ʦĶ仹ôء
ʦ˵ء
ӽȥ
Ǹ˻ڲ۾
ƳһۣҲǴһôƯ绪޸ˣȴ˥ϲҪģǶķ˿ư׷ڡ
żģô˵˥ϣ
ţ̧ͷ΢΢һЦ
Сһ㻹ֻǸСӣţȴ˴˶ϧСôأ
һᣬһҲƳã
һãŵϽЦƤ˸ǰ
ʦ ԼСĻȥġͱ˵ˣϽĳԵİˣ롣
޸Ƴһһû˵ԵģϽӹ
л㡣
ǺǣϣܺϷ˵θ
ţóԵġ
˻ϲĺܡ
һЮĸˣҲЮ
;żȤһղŲ̫ڳơ
ͷβһ˵һáº󣬾ʹҲԸ֨ˡ
һ֪ˣλʦء
һһƳʱܲסԶˡ
ʦҪǡһôһˡһЩҪ鷳ǲõӻһأԺ󻹻޾鷳Ҳõģ˵ˣʵҪָһʦҩ໹ǳе顣
۵ֳ
ѾͷҲǹ龫ģ֪ʦЩۼҩѹֻôҡ
ҲֻǺٺЦʦҩĶ١Իǲ̫ĵġʦûµҩﵮأ
ڵĶЩƺԽԽƲסˡ
֢һյԺ
ЩһҩΪš
ڣȴԽԽˡ
ѯҩһ
е½չӦЧ
ôѾͷ޸˲⿴
ţһ㡣
ʦǸⶾ֣ڣӦ¡
ٲ˵Եģ극󣬸˲ῴһһת뿪
ãͰȥɣǵ飬ҵշģԻշ
硭˸ڳԺź󣬱㱻ӷ⡣
һͷӣԼҪ͵ﻹûͳȥء
첽ǰˣġ
ӹ͵ñ˸мһЦ껪ţһ˲䣬ľѾͷԺʦ˰̫µ
ġߺá
ţ㼫ã˵һѾͷԸ⣬ҿ԰
⣿
ϲĪģǵжá
ţ棬ķˣܰ쵽һЩ顣
ԭˡ⾩ѫ֮ңôҡֻǣû뵽һλȻķˡλ˵һֱʿһĴڣܻһʫĲӡЩ꣬Ҳ紫ūĴڡ
л㣬Ҫʱ򣬶ġ
á
ȿȡ
Ÿ˥ĿüЩ꣬һλǼ˵Ĵڡ⼸Ĺͱģ
ǰ˷紫˵һλЩⷬĶţġ
ϣô޵˶ˣһƤѡ
ĪģľЩᡣֻǣصӭһ˫ζɫʱһӻˡ



һʮ£ʦ̫С

ʦµġ
ǣһǶǰơ
ţԼģ
Եġ찡ʦ̫ˡԽᣬ鷳Խǲô
ֵƿزһ㣬ҪúЩҩ
ʦ
裬Ȼһĳ£ʵλòôԣӦǿһ㡣ȵԵ㶫ʱ򣬳˺ۣῴһ䶯ʱпˣǾԲ뵽кι
ˡʦĵԣôǲ䰡
ֻֻģְɣеĺܣӦһЩЩӣȫִɣΪʦôһЩǡÿΡ
ǰһӣſžӨ͸ҲˡȻҪһֱϰߵˣȥⲻҪô
ʦҴˣˣԺôҲ̣Լ˵巢֮ĸ֪ѽ
Ȼһʦ˷ܵ۾ȻûŲλ
Уеĺôû¶ѧỮԼˡǿԣҿɽıǣҴɡѪиǴ֮ģȫˡ
ʦ
ߡ
תſʦ֡
ʦ֣Ŀ顣ʦĵԲģԺԲѵġ˵ɣһ͵ˣôô߶߶ءҲǲĻԼһôң٩Ұ졣ҲԸⰡͽܰˣʦûһ䰲οĻ˵ĸ޵ݡʦ̫ˡʦ֣Ҿʱ䲻ԵġҲĥīչ˱ǡ
ȿȣСʦðȷֹʦĴȶ˵꣬ʦֻרſ˿С첲Сȶ
̧첲һʦȣЩɥ
ʵʦȣҲְ̫
Ҳĸ첲֡ʦֺʵָ
ɥˡʦ֣ۿԲҪôϿôںԹ
ʦٴγϿҵͷˡʦ̫еš
ʦ֡
οģΪʲôһĻ
ȣСʦðšʦĴȣʵȥĥīչ˱ǰɡʦҲ۵ĻŰˣһЩ
˵꣬ʦʩʩȻˡ
ˣһĶ۸š֪ʱʦƢǰ˼Ƹҡ
ʦãʦϡĿԣľ
ͷ˻Ӹ첲ȣ˵Ժʦϵģһ˰
Խ˵ԽûҡͷΨСŮҲ⻰ȷ
ԡ
Сʦ÷ŭסԸϽˡ
ʦãϢŭŭ˸ΰصأҪġ
һͰˮȥ
һ߶ȥ
ˮǸ뺷Сӣ۵ֳ
Щ꣬Ҳ Ժ棬һûĹҵĻš
ڸ棬ҲֻܶŸαļӻˡ
ͿԴһǸЦĹһҡͷ
ʦһˣвںյĹء
ӻСʦһֱںԩˡ
УںõġȻ⵱ʦֵĻ÷ȥοˡ
Щ꣬Ҳûа񵱳ʦÿֻǵǸÿɰСѡ
˵ĸ鶼ġСÿ¶ԺСס졣ÿҲΪһЩԼĸֳԵġ
ԺÿֱиɫŻ
ӾˣСʦֻÿɰġĸʦֲϲأ
ʦʯһˣҲĬʦýеʦơ
Ժ棬ҲʶʦǱʡò˵ʦ˻
ƽʱ߸ģҲϡ˵
ɾ˻;˲ǵõɮ
öʱ򣬶ϸˡ
һ죬˵ɽµԱ⣬һЩϣ˱ɽһʦ
ʦһҪǼҵֹŪɾȥҼﶼҪլˡôһլӣ˵߾ͰߣءʦͰæǲԸߵĹ˰ɡ
˵ŻԱһ̵鱦񿴵ĵ˿ǮƣҪ˵۾
ǰĽ޵½ЩĸӪҵ̶֮Ǯġ˼ҵȣ㲻ʲôʦֻһͷ
Щ֮ǲյģ͸ԺǰաԼȥ档к֮£Ȼլ¶Ǳʦͽȥ
Ͻǰʾʦͽԭʦһǰ
ţȥգǺΡߣΪԱħֵľСٲУΪʦȥ
Ա⻰ǻϲĲߵݡлʦлʦ
ܵһĴʦ϶ܳ¶
ôһ룬Աǻϲתȥ
ѿпһϡһȥ
ʵɣҲ׽ħľǸʦȥߣתתûʶһ֮ġ
ǰҲǱʰСһĴڡ
һһСģԸ˰Ѹֶڷųǰʼɫݡ
ס
ߵһŵʱǽǵһ
ǰʰǽزҲһ
ⲻǹڵĲϣǡⷬģ
ôⷬĶ
ŶҴⷬӻġҸһλľЩϡѲɣкβ֮
ԱŵУϽǰѯʡ
һҡͷ
£ֻǾ⣬ῴôһЩܵϲ
Ա
Ǻǣҳ߶żҲҪһչˡһ̫˻ദľˣԽ΢滹ҵ⡣
˵ţнĵ
үô˴ѽūҵӣɲһ˿ԽӴ
һţ㿴һ׿Ṳ̊롣
˲䣬䶼Ĵ

ͻ٣͸ǳ۾˫ཱུģһĴǻζ
һ£˶е˽⣬ΪʲôλԱ˿ôͳһλС޵ģܲɲء
Ͻȥ棬뷨ʦ¶ء
ʦǶᰡүˡ˵ɽϵһλӣǼÿ˶أЩͽܰɣŸƯģүˡ
Цţ§ˡԱЩΡ
λʦˣ££ҼСе̫ˡǺǡ
Ա壬ҪذǺã޸ܡʱʧȴǲˡ



һʮ£׽

һߣƷԲˣԱȰ
ǸɫһǺǡ
ŤȻԱ͹ˡ
ˣһСģҲüһλֹǵóô򵥣׼ȷ˵Ӧ⸮еһΪˡ
λĪҪ⣬˶ģʵĵغܺõġ
Ա⻹ΪԼС˵û
Ժ⣬Ϸȴ˻㱨
ǼʦԱ˵ˣ
ɲôģһεķʦǣƺеУǰүˣһǸͻʧ˻ʲôʲôҲȫ֪ˣ㿴ҪҪץ᣿Ǹ˵Ļܣûйܳȥ
ҪΪβҪֻҪһҲҪôעһЩǺԺֹԺ䣬йܣ
˼Ըš
ǲϵͷǣǣˡ
ǰļ䶼ˣеģȥԺνֹĵط
һԺ߹ȴûз̫ĺۼ
û̫⡣Ȼߵ쾮ĵطʱȴ֣ⷢ쾮ĵضһӰӹ
ʦ֣ǸطӰӹûղţͶ뾮ˣ
ԭûй֮˵ǣΪӰŵĵطῴӰͶ뾮
ɫ΢Уſȥ
Ȼһݾе˼
Ц
˦һӣһϸϸӣϵϺ󣬱ȥ
ʦ֣⾮Ϻܹ⻬˳µġ
ץҲԶˡ
Ц
ʦһص
еصطǺεط
ȥʦ㵱һ㡣طƺе㲻
üҲӻקһϸ
ϸһЩҪΣգȹȫǵ
ȥʱǲǷԸʵĴ̼У˷ܣֽš
ǵĲѣʦΣաǣ֪һԱĺԺײ˺ֹŹֵĶŻ᳣µ˵й
һ˫ˣ󣬿뿪
Ա⻹û֣ԼС檣ڿһֽɫࡣ
ɶһɳЩͽҾеצˡߣһӣҲܰôǣͽǣұ֮˵ġ
˵꣬ݺݰֽһţȼ
ֱͨͨһɽͷвٳԹĲԼģǸ˹ʲôģдѯԱ֪
תҵԱʱһλŻˡ
⸮ô˹飬ܣԺԴǰķ˺󣬾Ҳû˽ȥУǻ˭
һλɫԻʲôҲԸԣϻ
Ա⣬£ׯ治ֹеҲǸ˽ͨС֮ô¶ɾдԼȥ֤ˡֻСԵļ¶ɲǷ֮˿ɰ쵽ġ
ү顣
ǡʱλԱ½ӽķ档
ڻ̼Ա⣬ϽͷӦ¡
߳ң񻹲ĺܣʦ֣治ˣôãһеضģǡǡƽɽ£᲻ʦ
ɨһûж֨
عͷһҲ߶߶
ʦ˵һԱ⣬ҾҪ˽飬ҲûҪھһصɡôãһصȵĲģ
һʦֻǵɨǰĶû⡣ǣºȴһ䡣
֮ģôЩƷ±ߵ棬һҩۣϣķ⣬ΪʦԸҩζñҵ㡣
ǻĺñϲǰһûľͰҩˡ
ʦΪͽˡٺ٣ҪҪĥīæ
һͷҲû̧
⵱ʦ̫С۶ֱڱ䲻ݣһŪɡ
˭ô˵˵ʦȥҪˣӣһƳһۡƤ񡣡
ȣʦҵףأʦƤʦ϶ƭˡ
ͽܣ˵ıԽ
һʦûƽϡǲ˲Ĭһ߶ĥī¶
ٽʱڣöҰʵ֦Ҷ˳
ЩҶӣζر㡣
һ쿴ųЩҶӲˣûθڡԾȥ档
㾾һЩҰҶӻʱԼҲʦһЩӳԡ
ԽԽ飬ҲεĺܡԽˡ
ʵҲһЩġһųԵľͿƲסһľͳĶ⡣
ע˵Ҿɡ
СӣСϡʱʱժһʵҶ
Ÿȴ ƺľס
һʹٵʱֻһ뷨һΣ˰ɣ



һʮ£Ҫһϣ

ԭǸСƤǸСӣһءޣСƤˣԽԽãһ¶͵úúõĳͷ
ˣ֪Ǹ缸һ͡СƤƤ۵ģһǸûٺ٣Ͻ˰ɣǵȲˡ
Ů˵źñ뺷ֺϤĬȻ䣬ԭ˲ǱˣǰŸʦȥ׽һҵˡ
λ欶飬һ˫۾Ṵ˵ģФⷬ˵ĸˡ
ڽŲȥҲʱ
ﻹˣһһŴֺ
СƤŵǱﻹҪϸƤ⡣һ˫۾ôһүоˡ
ۣ㻹зӦء˵ĶԣСƤȷʵǸбǮˣֻţֱӵķӦˡ
һǺţֱӾҪ֡
˵ôɶһֱǶ˵ëֱء
ۿ˾Ҫ֣ȴ΢΢һЦ
λүôϹƺҲ̫ζء磬һµ淨ɺã
Ŷµ淨һ߸һ۾ǹ⡣
СƤһΪҪڣû뵽崿氡ҲǸء
һЦүʳ֮Ҳ˼أ˵ʵлŮԹų顣ʥǣҲһĻᱻЩġı֣ɲô
˵ţһЦһ˲ķ飬˶˼ѪƵġһ
ǿ˰һһһ˵ءɣչ˼ǵһӴ˭һһЩ˼Ȼһ̫ˣû취Ҳǣ
飬˸˷ˡ
ԭСƤǸˣ죬ɸΪ㿪ˡ
һֵˣ߳һ
СˮöǸϽɣ֤ˬ֪ںδ
ǿסģϳһĬӡ
ŶĿô˼ңеСڴѽɲԲҪôΧŰչǵһΣĹūҿɺá
һʤӵӣ˿ֺǡ
úãСƤһԭˣ۾ͲΧ˰ɡߣȥ
˳ȥˣߵĸߴëëŵҪ
ǽЦܺãٿһ㡭
ʰһߣϽ˼
λ磬ǿһӾήˣ˼ң˼һûζء
һЦĸġ
һ˵Ҫôôû뵽ȥһήˣҲ̫ɡСƤҲȷʵǺÿҪңҲ׿ž񡣡
˻˵ЦŽ㿴СңһĿԼһʱ䣬˲һֻ֮СƤ˵
磬ǲԣϽȥܸ硣
ֻǣһλûбɫͷԡ
ڼʱȴߴһȥزĴͷ
һü벻ɫǻ棬һǱѵġɼЩͷǮˣҲǸ˰
̾һݳ֣ݺҳһĭˡ
ȿȡ
ɸ磬ǡȿȡ
һۺɫУ˲Ͽԣܡ
ûҺܣпӦԣգȴǿŲԶһ¥Ƕȥ
²ⲻǰǸŮ˵ĽŲǴġһ˰ڶΪãضͺˡ
ڻ᲻ǸŮˣһҲνˡȥһõǵͷһϣ˽һʦǶõҩЩҩòҪϡ
ƿǵɫţûһˡ
һϣнŲ
Ѹٴһǽϲ̽š
һ˶ڵضãһ˵ǻ棬һЩΰĳҲڰһӺǽ濪ʼ
Ѳ֪δĵصһҧȥ
˵СƤˡ
ųԡķ˵Ļ㱨ĺݺһȥ
Ϊ׵ĺӣڻκء
ﰡҲ֪ѾͷŪʲôնҵڶŵء
ңҵˣͷ
̫ˣûõļһȻˡ
һԺ⣬ûҵˡ
գֺݺһ˺󣬲תԼķ䡣
ףӡ˰ᶯˣãõĺܣѾͷȻһܵ˵صȥɲκ˶ȥǵĵصġ



һʮ£Ұ޴

ܣСݣȥãӦߵţǾͻһߵʱץסˣǰôžôšСƤŵϸƤģТϣӦܵõһôãȥ·Ҳֻ˵ձӴԺɡ
һСƤĽ欵ģǸӴǣʱҲ˲ϣһضȥ
ʦСʦʧˣǲ鵽Ǹׯ԰Ƕȥ¥աص棬ƺҲʲô˵飬вٵҰצӡ
ƽɽϣһһε顣
ңþһȥˡҲ֪ͨĽݸĽ޵¡СѾͷƽʱ˵ģҲĽ޵¡ԣһγ£ҲĽ޵¡
ѧԺﻹڱĽ޵£ܾﲻ̤ʵ
Īģ;﷢š
үҡ
ŻСһǰһǰһСӣʱʵֻԸʦĵز
Ľ޵³ԱΪ⾪ϲǣ˾ȻǸ֡ö飬Ľ޵¶ȥ
˭
һʦǱһλʦ
ƽɽˣĽ޵ɫһ
ãСˡ
Сȥƽɽʱƽɽȴ˵С˴¶Ż
ܳȥƼվԶ
һ˸Ҿ
ʦ֣ôˣ
ŲЩң黹꣬ҲǰԵͷѹСʦƽʱʱӶࡣ
ͳСΣңҲһͬ
ץߣǵ˲鵽һ󣬾ֻһЩҵҰӡǣƺҲʧˡ
Ľ޵ǿ԰ſֻŸСȥ
С㲻ȥģһҵһ
ܿ죬һ˾һᡣ
ͳ˶ȥ
ӪͲ̫֪
صȥ󣬷صкЩطԳȥһɣеĵطӵİ֮ġǣصƺһȻͨҲ֪ȥĺδҲߣˡⶼȥ졭
ǣôһЩҡ
Ľ޵Ķš
ʱˡ
Сʲô顣
Ҳ뾡һЩܲҵ
ЩڳԡǰҲûҵһطˣҵطͺķһЩҪһⷢиֳûĻע⵽쳣ӶҵСʦõӰ
˼̫꣬ͷʦ֣ȥˡ
һȥɡ
רңֲ·ֿѰֻҪ˻ڣѰġ
Ը꣬Ľ޵¾ʹһصꡣ
ವĵطһȥһϮ

߹أһ˴
񡭡
ϢţЩɫաһƱ͹˼ˮ󣬱һܳȥ
ֻǣôܣԺǸŮȵԺз֮ȥ
ȻڵϣǲǳˣŮˣ޴Ůˡ
ͺԶܳСԼӣһʱԭء

ʱȥҲʼˡֻСʦһ׶༪١
ÿѰˣ϶Ż֮ȥ
ʧٵĵ죬ǰŵĿһҲȰִ˵Ľ޵¡
ɣСʦôöҲǲ׶༪ˡ
Ľ޵Ѫ۾ɵĴġ
ҡͷ
Ҳţ˵Ҫһӵģôܾʹȥ߰ɣҼˡ
Եӣˡ
֪ѧԺıԾҪʼˣִȥҲˣõ¶
Ľ޵ȴǹִĺܡ
ҿϵһжԲҪǣȴҪ
ֻ˾˵Ĳ
ĪִţԵĸ̾Ϊֱ
Ǻã˵ʱ ҲԼغãȻ飬ʱ򿴼ѪӣҲġ
˵꣬ɨһĽ޵µָ
ʱ䣬˵ĵطСӶְˡ
˼ָͷͱĥⶼ˺ܶࡣƫƫ˾֪һһֱܲˣֵطֻȥ٣ȥڡ
ȥһ˫Ҳǵ÷ɡ
Ȼ˵˸̾ǣЩҲȡġ
֪û֮ǰĵġл㣬ʦ˵һȵҵȥ
һۣͷҲգһ̤ʵĵطҲǺõġ
ллʦ֡
ʦֵӦʣĽ޵ɫѵе㻺͡
ȵ뿪Ľ޵½һƬص⼸죬һصˣȻûҵȥ˺δ˵ʧ٣ҲӦʬŶԣҵһЩʣµĶĹͷԵ˹ǣƼ
һҲ֤沢ûСʬ塣ʵŵġ
һ֧һֱˡǣȥأ
ΪʲôصԺ󣬴Ӵʧˣ
ӣ˵ôҰ޳ûأ
ʱһֱ˵һȴͻȻһ⡣
Ľ޵۾һ
԰ôһҪ⣬翪ʼһȺҰ޴ġҲ˵صʵһƬ֪Ĵɽ֮ġЩҰޣǴġҰܳ˴ɽСҲԳɽǣͨҰɽĵص
һһһͣҵˣҶĽ㡣
Ľ޵һ˾
ȷĿ꣬ҪΧҲСࡣһΣĽ޵¾Ұ㼣ĵطҡ
һһͺķ˲һʱ䣬ҵĵضЩҰ޵ӡ
գͣһȻʯǰ档
һΪʲôҰ޴Ժ󣬾ʹʧˣ
ӣֻ˶ŵ£ȴô
һ̧ͷ档
ںڵϿգѹͿߡ
Ľ޵±۾ϸϸһ
ûз磬Ҳ˵ͨͨطһͨеһܵСôˣڿһȺҰ˴󣬶ҵ˴һǸϽҿءпصġ
ӣ
һ󣬻һһͻʯͷϲ
˰һʯͷԭȻʯڶŴ򿪵˲䣬һŨҵҰ޷ϢϮ
ûģҰ޳ûĵطСȥĵطãһ˳ˣҲ˵ǼпҲȥСˡһǵץˣȻֻСΣա
ȥʱĽ޵ٿһۡ
һܵͷʧޣЩ顣ѹЩҰ޻ӦתתʱЩҰײͨĿءһҰ޳û
ֻϣһ˲ҪҵС㣬ȻɾΣա
뵽⣬Ľ޵º޲ȥˡ
ӣҿطǶһЩɡ
˭Ҳ֪Ǹʲô硣ңҵصˣǸʲô壿



һʮ£ԽԽ

Ľ޵ҲתĿ졣
ֻ˲뵽ôࡣ
һȥ֪ͨһ¿ʦǡȥˡ
Ӳɣȥ˲뻢ôȥˣȥ֪ͨ˰ɡ
һԸ⡣ϾǲṦġ
ôǸˣн鷢Ӧһ͹壬ʱ⣬ûҵԼȥ
һͣ¡ģԱĶˣʦָһЩҩ۶ʦǣҲһЩǧٹֵĻ
ᵽ⣬һԷһЩҲǣʦǵĹŹֻӦԱġֻǷ»СĲźáȻʱ˲ɷ˽ȥ֪ˣҲġ
ʱҲֻˡȻֻ»Ȼܹˣֱǰ塣ƽʱྫһ˰Ѿͷ飬ͻʧԭʧжϡѹʦǻ˵鷽棬ûƺȡܿƺȷִˣʥкء
һţת뿪
ĿԼ뿪Ľ޵°ѻٵȼһѡİĶ̽ȥ
ܳûҰ޵Ķ죬ҲǺܿġȻһȻͨżһЩȻʯ֮ġ
⾿ʲôطôһŹֵĵطңĵص˷ˡҰ޳ûصԱӣ
ǰǼ
֪пһİĵطȥˣĽ޵ҲǰôĻҡֿʼתҲ֪һô¶
ΪʲôҾã鲢򵥡ͨϵҰ޷㣬ô֮ࣿ
һ·Ұ޵ķ㣬ʺζŨĺܡָоҰ޻ǰһ޾ҰޣطǺӵеģ
УһԱС檣ôһϵģ
Խ룬Ľ޵µɫԽءֱֻġ
ֱӶҪϨˣĽ޵»û·ľͷһǳ׵ĳȥôͨںδǰ׼ĻӣеôġԽǰֻ¾ԽٶˡûҰޣС߰ɡ
ӻͳһ̫ҹĹǰ
񣬲֪ʦ͵ȷʵдôġȻֺڰĵطҪôߵͷ
һתصƽɽ󣬰ѷͨ˵ˡ
ȴɫ΢䣬ҵţȥһ
һԾʹԺ治¶ʮĹͷȥ
һһȺƳĹͷǣҲǰԳԾһеԺţԺĵˣݻеλ¶򵥵ĺġȻôôεﰵء
Ե˶Ժ󣬿Ͻܵһĸǰ
ʦĽ޵Сʦõʱҵһͨһ޾Ұ޳û
ʲôһһҲ޷ֵ
ʦ˵ôҰ޳û᲻뵱һĪϵңƽɽԺҪҵһȺҰ޳ûԭôģһȺҰ޻᲻̫ɺһЩ
һ˿

̫֮Ѩ¡ĸ߸ߵٿڷ档
ղſĻ㱨ˣ
˸Ͻͷ

ߣȥǸͨ
ʦ㻹Īȥ˰ɡҪȥϽȰ衣Ȼһֻɨһۣ͸Ͻ졣һԹԵǰȥ
޾ͨУһֱڰ֣Ҳ֪ʱȥáĽ޵ֻ֪Լ;һζٴǰ
һչͨ˿
Ҫȥˡ⵽ǸʲôطĴɽ޾ҰޡҰʱ嵽˳棬⡭
ֻ룬Ľ޵¶һ뷨ǿ¡ǣ˭ָҵ鲻ʵķء˵ʮǰһңǱһȺҰޣΪţӶһС󣬸ǱҰޣһǵĹ°ˡ
Ȼ֪ǰôū޵ģǣֻҪҰ޴򽻵ϤǵԣһЩҩҲǲܴҰǵġֻҰޣǴԵôһˡ
ūˣпһū֯ڡ
ʱĽ޵Խ϶һū޴ڡֻǣһͨȥ˺δд֤һ㣬ƾСĴϻۣӳһͨ󣬻֮ġ
ȻС㿴ҲԵĴڡ
ĶĽ޵¾ԽࡣԽ࣬˼άҲ
һ·£һƬʱĽ޵ȷǰȦҰ޵ĵط
ΪһƬҰʱʱ
ԭʼ֣ĴСϸڣԳԾ
˭뵽ھ뾩ǲ칦ĵطһƬԭʼ֡
ңҰ޳ûЩҰĳ뾩棬һ˴һŹԵء
ֻ룬Ľ޵µɫһƬ
ΪֹɲΪһƬطֻһЩҰ޺ġңЩҰ޵׺ӣԵǰѱҰѵҰԵһȺҰޡ
ûҾȥĽ޵óһҩۣͿĨһЩټϵһЩҰ޷ͿĨʱٶҲԼװλϾҰеʶģһ֪İ˳ûԼĵ̣ЩҰ޶ᷢ񣬴Ӷ˺κǵ̵Ĵڡ
𡭡
ֻϻȻ໥˻ҧ˴򣬿Ϊ̶ս
ͷ׺ϻĽ޵ѭܳϻ̺ʶԡ
ûĿˣççɽҪȥδҵС㣿
¡ ɭС㶨¶෴ģƾĴϻۣӦûĻ㲻
µϣʱʱĻһЩҰ֮ġ
ֻҪгԵģˮԴģҰޣСҪҲ̫ѵ顣µģȥһû˼ûʳĵط
һʱĽ޵ʹԽãɽСϸһЩԼӡǡֻҪһѭӡҵټ
ֻǣǰƺǰĽ޵µͲôá
𡭡
һͷĴʨӣȾܡ
ģô᲻ɵײһֻʨӵĵ̲˵ոպõײ˼һؼ
һ£ӵĸһ
ǰ棬ͷʨӵĵ춯˵ˣֻ»᲻̫ƽǾһЩ
ߣȥһߣץסɾйˡ
Ŵһˣʨӵ̵춯Ҳһ
ץסСӡ
ŭĽ޵ࡣǺʨӣ׷
ϵһЩʱõƾоط֪ҪΣյء
ֻһĹ򣬱
СӣԹ־ܰɡ
Ľ޵ºˣϰֳϿȰ˵λǻǲҪҪȻһ׺治ġ



һʮ£ˣֽи

ۣУ׺ˡСүô׺˰ɣ
Ұһһҳֻǣǲ֣ڵϡ
Ҷ˵ˣ׺˰ƫƫţɣҪұΪ˲ŸԸ
Ľ޵ԼʦǵĹŹֻʱ̫ʵЧˡǰ˲֪¡ȻЧ֮ģҲЧġ
ֻһö롣ղһ˲俴ɣʵ˵Щյġڣ˴һٵ֡
˵ϣõһЩ֮ġһ˵ı·֮ģĽ޵һҧ˵·Ҳˡ
ʵǣͿĨɭɫ·ƺʺԭʼһǴ
·Ͻһ·Ľ޵žߡ
С㰡أ
룬ȴƺЩ쳣ͷȥ㿴һȺǹһļļһԼ
ѽҵ谡ôôǡ
Щ۾ɢǣһȺ
ҰǣǰݵĹӣһɫҡ
תҪľӡ
˶ʱɭƵһɽ񣬰һʯͷסں󣬾һƨɵڵأϺ󴭡
Զڰлһѻ⣬ɢһЩζ
⣬Ҫԡ
ڰУһ΢
üֳǰȥ
ѻεһ㣬Ż⣬ҲܿԶǸԼЦȫѪˡ
ƦһЦ
⣬ҾͲӦ㡣
㻹Ǿˡ˺˺һЦšӣеûûεĸо
ҲǰһǾ㣬һȺǣһʱؿֵܳĹˡطǸʲôŹֵطΪʲôô˵ŹֻأеⷬˡֵĺܣЩⷬˣôģ
˵ŻѻһҶӰõͳ
Գˡ
ӵǰЩֽӹ⣬˵Ͳܰæһ°˵ŮˣӦøһЩ𣿡
ЦᣬǺǡ㿴Ц滢ûУпɡϻǿЦģת۾ܶˡȷҪЦ滢ٰ
˺ǺЦţǹ԰Ҷ
㰡üûĳˣȻһ⣬ζҲ˵ŮˣϵЩŹֵĶж٣ǻֶ֧ã
⻰Щ
ˣҩֻʣЧһ洩󣬻֪ʱǸͷءؼôãҲҲ·̫ˣǹôôΪʲôҶ֪
ڰУ˳Ĭ˰죬Щȷ˵
룬ƽɽ£һƬҲһȻôһƬطءңһǴԽĵصпܴԽһҡ
˵𾪣ڵһڵĹң̫ˡ
ֻڵض洩Խ˼죬һİĹҡԣһĴڡ
ǣϸ룬ĿҲȷʵڡ
ţֻ⣬Ϊʲôǰ˵Ҳֻ⣬ΪʲôôҰޡãǵ˻᲻ЩҰ𣿡
ڵĹһ
˼ʳһĵǳԵʲô⣿
ǡ˵ڵǹǸ԰Ϊ׵ǸҡΪֹܹ죬ǣֺܸɵĹҡ
ǣҲһҰĲĹҡһ䲹䣬һϡ˵ǹˣŪһܻأ
ңпһء
ôӦðһϢݻȻһȺҰĵļһǣǲǾͲô
š
Ӧһ
Ǽ⡣
ȺǹҲ˼ĺܣǾȻΪ顣
˼ǶǵԣΪ飬ǽܡı£һĵҰĵģദľˣǹˣҲԽҰġҲ֪һ˵ô
ôǷǵҰģġȻˣǵȻܷǶһЩľٶŶˣ㵽˭ôֵģУҷǰһֱ㣬ǲŪǵĺñǱзݰǺģһһЩȼ۵İɣ
ʱԼ̸бƺЩ㶡۵ֳ
ţбֻǣҲ֪ϲ
˵ŷڣӻͳһɫǵ̡
һˮʯͷ̶ɵġһǣǵ̵Ļ֡զһһֻڶݡ
һ񰡡ˣĶһѾͷҲˡʱλүˣҪҲء
һѾͷƺЩ⡣
ν濿˿ŹǷϿҵͷ
Űһʼ˵İҾһѾͷһֻںԺСѾͷˣأˣҲʵϣûһ滰
ŶˣǺܺġҲû˼ȥ˼ôġ
Ͼÿ˶ܡЩ֪Ķˣǲá
֪һЩദ졣
һҲֻһˡֻķʽһǴڵİ׹ġ
ʲôǴӰ׹ģ
һΣǳ׵ˡ
ǰ׹һصԭΪֻһͨĵصԽ˭뵽ôһԽȴһȫҰ޵ĵط㼰ʱ֣һλɥˡ
Ǻǡ
ȴ֮Ի
ʵǣӺҡ
ֻһǹŵصܽһ
ǣǹ׹Ҳһ̶ȵϵôĿܻʲô˵ǹ׹֣ٶԸǻô
ôûĿܣذɡ
İ˵Ļȫ䡣
ԡ
ͻȻ뵽ࡣǰһǸԼȦˣʵʲô
ֻΪһͨΪʲôһЩ飬ƽʱΪͬ
ֻһЩһ̽ӣЩҲͿˡϾҪһЩ鱨Ϣ˵Ĳͬ
ˣǸΪĸҷģ
ǹǰ׹
ֻܴǣŮ˲Ӧ̫ڴһڸѾͷӦֳ
һֱʱͻȻ䲹һ䡣
Цǣ˶ϣŮ˴һЩĴˣ˼Ҹһ˺ǣֽиӣ



һʮһ£Եע

ǺǣҪ֪ڲ֪аֶˣҲ֪˼һ᲻
˵٩ҲԷһ㡣
ԺУֳ⼸һЩ
ǸŮ˵ķ󣬻Ǻҵһصֻ˰죬ڲ¡ģ»ﴧĽ޵͵ӿҫһ㣬Ƿ겻ѡҪģֶۣһǰ
ںڰҰޱܵʱһӦʳԡ
ͷϰصһ߷ŵһͷǺҲǿʳ伢ڳʱȻ뵽ֶУôҰ
ƾűܺ㼣ҵҰ޻۵ĵطʱȻķһవͨôͨһ·⣬¡˳һ⣬ټտ߳Ƭء
Ľ޵һһЩҰޣˡ
һûйˣһЩ׼֮ͽ
ϲŵЩҩҲûԵķӡڣһҩǺáÿʡһãҲǿӦǰˡ
ǰһֱУҲ˳û̫ǹˡǺԴת˺Ͳôˡ
һ·ϣǣ˹˲
ټȥҲֻ̾
˯һš
ôûûҹܣҲ۵ĵؾ˯š
һͬѵĻ飬ǰȫġ
˯źһʹܵҲ˹
ӻͳһҩҩĨϺſһ۲Զˡ
ֻϣҵһ㣬ǰ˰ɣȻ˾ຣһοɾĵùѽ
뵽Լһ֪ǿŸԼܵ¡Ȼĸ粻֪һСʱ򣬻ǸŮ˺ã˵
ֻһ֧ţŰ˯˹ȥ
ͬʱǱһ΢ĴϢġ
ãȺˡ
ŶǴһ²鿴Ҫҵӳȥĵط
û취ˣģʯ棬ͻȥ
˾ຣΪ侲ָָ档
ĶŻȻ
ԭһֱҪŻصΪ˴һ֮·
Ͻϻ
˵ˣʱȴݵǺһವİһСβһİס彩һ¡Ҳ˲Եġ£Ͻץסһ֦
Ͻ
֣ǿקˡ
ץס˵֣ʯͷĵڵϵ
ãҲҪˡһȺǣ˹ֺһ𡣡
ΪֹҲ㲻Ϊʲôǻһ޼䡣ǣ˹ĵ̣˹ˣһˡ
ìܵĴڣôദĺƽദš
Ͻ󿴣ֻҪǰܡ
˾ຣмصһȡ
ǰ
Ҳ˽
档
һ
ţһӴܿʼ
ôԽԽ䣿ѩɽ˾ຣ㿴Ƕѩɽ
ǰƵѩɽ⼫ˡ벻Ӷ죬ȴῴһѩɽ
ط̫Źˣ滹ļ紺ӣȴһѩɽ
˾ຣҲĺܡ
ĵطһѩɽǿһŹֵĴڡ
ϽǰкǣӰ
󽹼׵ˣ񼱼˾塣
˹˿ɽȥһϥһȫ˵ϣߵݣѻڡ
ף˾ຣ㿴Ǻ󲻶ԣǲǵǲĵˣ
ݵȺ񲻽˾ຣؿ
˾ຣһȺ¹򣬲ϴض˹ˣҲɻѡ
ĬȻһСᣬе˽ˡ
֪ˣ˹һֱŷŰΪĹҡǵɫǣѩɽ֮ߵġѩɽ֮ϣҲǰĵ̡ڣԴ˰ǵĵ̣Ҳ˵ǽǳʥĵطȵĵ̡ԣǲ׷ǣǣҲ²ȥˡ
ʥء
̧ͷƵѩɽ֮ߣ޾ʡطĴڰ
ѩɽ֮ϣôһĴڡ
չֻһ˵ɡ
Ҫͷɽȥǲɽڡ
˾ຣɢĹʣߴϡ
ȴֽű䡣
˾ຣطڣֽŵģǴ򲻹ġ
㲻ǻһҩֻҪǰһҩȥץ
һ£ҲˡأİɫǣץסҲ̸еʸңһȺڵĴڣҲῴһϣ뿪İɡ
˲䣬˶˹ʶֻǣ˲һԶҲ໴
ҪҪȥһ쵰ôһֱ׷ŲŰ
ϲ
СţС߶һ߰
Ⱥ׷ǱĽ޵£Ҳϲĺܡ
ûãһȺǰ쵽
һ̣ȻемһȺˡңôɺϵӵ
Ͻ
һĽ޵̧ͷ˾ຣϡ
һʱü
ôĶһЩӦءһžͲദ
վǶʲô㶰ûвٵ𣿡
Сӻڷ㶷ƿڴ
һ£Ľ޵Ҳٷˡ
ֽŲõİȥ
һ˻һǺܸ˵ġ
ôˣѧԺҪ׼Ӧô
㲻ʧôһ˵ﻹ˼ȥ԰Ľ޵ºٺٵɵЦֻһ˵Щľ
Žţİźģ
һߵˣ˾ຣƲһ䡣ĵطӦǹĳʥ֮ɽѩɽⰡ벻гʥ֮ɽѩɽĴڡ
˵ǹĵ̣Ľ޵üǳһ
ԣСѧԺҲǰѧģȻ֪ǹЩ¶ƽʱҲɵİ˾ຣЩ
Ľ޵Ũüأ˵ҲԣƽʱѧԺ˲١ֻ¶⣬Ҳ˶ôǱһŮ˶˵ֻǶ
⻰ȴַ˾ຣ
һۣ֮ˣߵҲࡣ
ĴڣҲ̫ࡣ˼ǼƷҲǷƷ
Сӣе˼߰ɡСһ˶ʱôԴ׵ӣǶ˵˾ຣС˶ˡתѾͷҳСӣر˼СӳҲģģһƬʵҲԿһġϾ󰡡
⻰񺱼ĲٷУ෴ģȴ˼ӦעСһաôѰ˼ţȥһߵСš



һʮ£ѾͷĪҸ

ǡǡãĽ޵ҲڳഥĽ޵ǰɵɵֺǣ㲻֪⼸Ҷˣã֪㲻¶ġ
ŵ֣Щƽ
ͷһŷˡ
Ľ޵ŵĸϽ֣ǣϽɽɣǰһȻǣ˭Ҳ֪᲻
ô£񲻹ܲˣֱʡ
Ľ޵˵˵ġǣտڵӽţЩɥĴͷҲûʲôǰġ
һ𡣡ǲΪڵض棬Կĵطȥ
һ߶˾ຣЦ˵СҲġѾͷΪʲôһͻ˵ǸءΪ˵ֻݵһˡԵģ벻ˡ
Ǻǣֻһˡ
һ㣬иоһֱΪʲôҪܾʾ
ס֣ḧЩû٤ˡ
ôСţԺļ޸ˣôأ
һᱣԼġ˵ʲô
ʱĽ޵²ʶС㶼˵Щʲô
ͷƤسգգۡ
˵ʲô𣿡
ͷ˾ຣЩڵʡ˾ˣã˵ʲôô˾ຣһ㶡Ц
Ѿͷ˵ʲôҺҲû˵ʲôҪ޸ˣԺôҵĻףǳ˻⻰˭˵İ
һ£Ľ޵Ҳ˲˼ڵ٩ˡ
û¿𰡣ҵС㡭
˴ɵӶ߲ѣֲ˼
һۡɵɵģҪˡ
Ҳɵ
˵ŻϽס͡һ˫Ц۾ǽллͨˡлл㣬Ӧ߶
ǸӡЦôȵĽ޵£ƽʱǸСŰ޵ݰǣĪĺûϲ
һ߶˾ຣСŮҡͷ̾ѹ˼˵ˣ֪Լȥһ˵ĵҲջѽ۾ǹӴ
ҵסԼ۾һû취ٿӡ˶Ҳ治˼ô
֣˾ˣͶǰɡǻҪôʱǸͷ
ʵһôһֱ˵ЦݡΪ̫ˣ˵תһעıУֻ˻ûط㵹³˯ѡ
ϰɣɽ֮󣬻һҲһء˾ຣЩɬЦŵ٩
ͷ㿴滹ǣԼһȺͿĨŸͣװεҰһĴڡ
ҲǺǣﻹһͷһһǣΧһ߶ѹ²ȥˡ
ţ߰ɡĽ޵ҲסһҲˣҲСһ·ġһԻȪҲһġڵĵطİĵط
һ뷨Ľ޵µҲ͸̤ʵ
һ˼ãȻһȺ˹еһȺ棬һһЩ˽һˡζš
ߣȥ㱨ʦˡ
ǣһô죿˳ѯʡ
Ǹֵ˲ͷһۡô죬ȥ㱨ʦˡԵģػŰɡȻһˣǸ˵棬뻹ùʦȥŪ
ôҲйϽķΧԣΨиʦ˻㱨޷
ȫǰɫĵ̣ˣľ˵ķӦҲС
˲һ˵ǣ˵ĹߵıҲ̵ʹ󣬼ɽ۵ʱ򣬾;ÿ³һҲѵĺܡ
Ҳ뿴ֱѩˡ
ɽۺ˾ຣֻ³һ仰ĵڵϡ
ãԭ˹صˡ֧ŵڣҲʹȻ˯ȥֻ»Ӵ˲ת
˶֪˾ຣĵζʲôǣôҡôҲвҪģҲѣĸоȥֻ£ҲôԹȥġ
ܣСţ˵õҪһġ㲻ܵȥ
ͣǱپһϴĽ޵¡
ʵĽ޵»ʶġǿקס˾ຣС㣬Ͻǣһ߶ȥ
ɽ۵Ķ壬Ҳ֪˴Ǻεط
תȫǱʱĽ޵Щ㶣
ΪʲôôȻıӡ
еģľôߴ
ɽҰȫıӡ
С㣬㿴ʲôأ
Ľ޵һѹ
ҡ
Ժǿ񣬿ǰһƬӵʱҲǾˡ
찡ôôߴӡôıӣأ
̾
ΧסԼġ
Ұ˾Ҳѡ
ʱֻǿõ˻ˡ
Ҫ׼˵ʱȴס
Ҫ㿴Щ棬һƬأ㿴棿
˷ָ棬Ľ޵¸һţҲˡ
⣬Ȼвݵأ
Ҳ˵棬һƬֲһĵطֻеԶ
ʱݳ٣ǸϽ˾ȥ
ôߵĵطȥ֪ʲôʱȥءקơǱѩأֻҪȥˣ棬Ȼѹ
һ룬˶˷ܵİһߵ˾ຣǰǿק
ϰһӺ󣬰˺ݺһơ
¡˾˱ƹȥ䵽ݴУŰ˿
ãһ˾ҲˡҲţ˾˵Ļȷġ˵㿴Ǿ·ĵطһ·ڵġڣǾͿһ·ֻһ·ͨδֲˡ
Ҫߣȴҡͷ
СţȥһЩӰɡܾãط̫ˡ˵ôŹֵĵطôıӰж򣬲ܳµĽ˶ıӡңΪǹĳʥ֮أҲǵĵġ
С㣬˵Ķԡ
ߣȥ
Ҳ֪ǲǿϣȻʱػ˶˵ĵطȴǳĺܡ
һǰ춼ǱѩֻãһƬ硣
ʵ滹Ǻܿġ
˾ຣȥĵطǡǡխСĵضɽȥмԶĵط
һǰĿĶǼıӡԽߣԽĵ¡ĵطҲԽĴ
ʲôߵ
ͻȻľһ㶯һȥԶһֻʳ
ʳӣ
ԳӣҲԲݵġȻȻԱΪʳ飬ȴ˴ûпġĽ޵ЩǲȺ飬ʱҲǿһ±ơ
ط̫Źˡ
Ǻǣǣ߿
Щԥʵ֧ŵڣҲڲ֪ɵġߣҲҵܲܰȫ߳Ͼ̫ˡ֧ŵҲȫϴһöůԵʡ
һΰɡҿţǰһͷɫĶƶ
Ľ޵ƶǰ棬ղţǶһŵӰζ



һʮ£

ߣȥ
š
˾ٴܡ
ľУųصĽŲǰ
ϵıĴ̹ǣǵǰߡ
ԽŵĴӡ
ʱһһӴСıȻγɣڴʱһαⳬĵطˡ
Сţ㿴Ǳ߶
ʱĽ޵µ֡
Ľ޵¸Ѳ߶һҲסˡ
֮ϣһֻǰſǶ̧ͷֵĶǰһƬӡʱʱģһ¡ٱ۾һ˷Уƺڽһζʢ硣
⣿
ɫǣ ֽĽ޵µġ˶Լͬ뵽йǹģʥɽĴ˵
ߣطܾˡ
š
²˽⣬һ̣˻Ǿã˴ǲͣȥġ
ǣתʱֱǰĳסˡ
ôᣬôࣿ
ǸվڱеŮӣεصĺɫҲһ˫ܹƯ۾ȻӲߣӣֻꡣ۴ɻͷˡơ
С³Ĵʣ
ǣ˵ȴԸӵġ
СﻹǺ涢ˡǲشÿü΢΢ָ̧֣ǰƺŭˡһŵɱŵ˶áңһ̣СƺһɹŹֵϢϢ˶á
Ҫ˵ֻطġС˭ҪҪһߣ
Ľ޵¸飬Ͻ¶Ц
СϣƵϣһƯӡ
ſȥˡһӣǵĽ޵ʱĶӡºڸס˽ŸһӡΪֹĽ޵¶дϡСʱһӣΪ岻ͬ
Сﶼ̧֣һɱڵӡʱȴΪĽ޵ϵǴӣȻƽᡣ
̧ͷһƯʹһСᡣͻȻ䱼Ľ޵µĻ

ȫ㲻ô¶СܲٺɱҲǺ¶ԣ˸Ͻ§Сɽȥ
˵ҲǹŹֵĺܡǱѩصġǣСĽ޵,ȴ̫䡣෴ģСϣŵĻȻ̫ԣǣ¶ȣı֮أܵϮ
ý㱧òã
Ľ޵Ҳ˼ĶСƶأƽʱӣôᷴˡ
ڱһԼСʱˡ
ԭСѩ棬Ǳһůů̿һů͸оЩ⡣
Сţǲܸһɽܱڴ˴Ҳϵ¶йء룬ıѩУůɽ²ðô
ΪʲôɽԵʰɡĽ޵¶ССһŶСֻмӣڻʵҲûĸ顣ǡأСӦʮҵġ˵룬ֻ²ʮӡСסɽϣʲôʲôʲôһ֣
Ǳ׷СԭˡܾãɽϣǲǹһֱǺܹŹֵһ壬˭֪ôء뿪˵ɡ
ԣ뿪Сﲻܸǣ
һ㣬ͱС뿪
ֻôʡһ·Ǿóĺܡ䣬Ǳɽ¡
ֻܹȥˡ໥һţ¹
ֻͻĲСѹ߲ȥգĽ޵һģǱһ
û¶ȣĸζڲơɣʱûѡ
ӣĽ޵°ԺЦ§Żḩҧ䡣СĪ£ء
̧ͷЩա
㡭
ˣȻڵ٩Ҫ֪һֱǰС㿴İȴС

ûӦ㱻˱ź¡ȥ
ڻ˯ĻСһȴǿЦ
ϻŸ첲һЦš
¼ٹĸо̫ܡ֣ңǣȴ޷ۡ
§ŻˣͷСĺ󾢴ڱܵĲϼмС
Ľ޵ҲǺµġ޷ƿصĸоȻŻ˶ųַƽ
°ͽԴ£ء
Ľ޵£ҲҪһˡ

м䣬СﻹڿЦúô̼úƽʱûһֻһЩʳʥɽ棬ˣȥԡ
ˣһЩӡ
ʱ򣬾ͺѩСףСһ棬ܡܶٶȺܿ죬쵽С׺СҲϡֻǣǾòġʱҲͳʳЩŹֵࡣǣǶηķ򣬲ҿһΣͼǣȴŵһֱߵݡ
ǲġһҲû˼ٿЩࡣһɽ࣬ĵ̣ҲǴ򽻵ġǣһΣһˡ
ǸϵӣźϤġ
һɣﰲĶƺֻҪӣ
뵽СѩֱͰĽ޵ϵǴժֹٶУĽ޵¾ǷӦҲУͱСѩժӡ
ȵغСʹǻɢܶ

ЦĸĻԼһ߲ϵ°¡ֱµɶҲûˣ˲ֱ
ҵڻԲѵ˾ຣ
Ҳǿӹ󣬾һֱ˯
ػɣʵ˯ǻԡ
Ľ޵һƨɵڵϡ
ɽ۵ˡ
Ҳ̧ͷգٿɽֻۣߴʤ棬һ޾ɫԭ
طǹŹְ֪ʲôĵطĵط˴ķ羰˲ͬҲһЩһֲֲܴһЩȲͬҩ
һ㣬ܿ͵õĽ޵µͬתȥһߵֲʶǲʶġժ˵
СѩժݲҲŴ֣һժݡ
˵СǶϤû󹦷򣬲ժ˲ݣлѩ֮ĻڹӣҲժ˺Щ
СһЩѩ׵ļӸĽ޵¡
ǣ
˿
Ҳ²ⲻӦ洫ŵģһϸԵıѩ˿
⣬СѩϽȥһЩ
ΪСѩϵģԣ˲ԼͬľͰгСѩ֣Сѩ֣С￴ǻϲתѩ浽ѩӡ



һʮ£Сѩķ

ȵӦɽϵķ羰˲ŷ֣ԭѩϣȻкܶѩ϶ֻճһһ˵ϤĻҲСѩΪѩΪԭСôҵЩӡ
ˣˣӴԺҪЩѩ϶ɻס˵·Ǻܻðȫİ
Ľ޵˷ܵĻֲȥСѩĲӡ˷ܵˣСѩҲЦŲϵѩ϶
ֻСɽ£˲ǧöѩӡ
󣬿ûطԱߣҲֻýͣĽ޵Ҳ˾ຣ·װЩѩ϶вݰģһɽߡ
Ҹ㣬ĺöѩصֲȻʶƾоѩɽժĹӣбĲݰ֮ģǺñ룬Щȥʦǣǻ˷ܵԵġ
ţӦȥʦˡ
ᵽʦǣҲǸмѡȻǲ棬ƾ˰СŽ̵˵ĺáţСҲѧļãҲǺܸмǵġ
ǻȥҸһȥʦǡǻǼ˵ġ
á
ȻԸȥҪģǾȥɡ
ñ˾ຣŪʱ˻һлͣ
˵ǾͲҺú˯һô̫ȱˣôأ
Ը߶߶ȥĽ޵ֻǺЦ˵һ䡣ˣ˾˰ٲȥֻǹ˾Ҫɱˡ
Ҫӻʱ˼ҪɱǣһҪ
۾󣬿ԶŽŲѩϵСʱһסˡ
ңҵĸ찡ǴСôˣ
ɨӡɫİĽ޵һ߶
Ҳ²ⲻСǹ˷ѩɽ֮ϵġνʥŮ֮˵Ӧ
˾ˣǹ˽Ⱑ
Ľ޵ۣһλˡ
ƺһʼλ˾ͺ˽ǹһС
֪ģǴһλĳġҲ˵ʵǺ֪ǹһЩ¶
˾ຣտڵš
һš
ðɣʵݣҲ֪ġɶʵǻϵֵܡҲǣƽʱģһˡ
Ľ޵´һ£ͻָƽʩʩȻ˸
ү
˾嵽ˡ
˵Ͳһ䣬ҵ˵
Ľ޵Ц
˾ˣط˭˵ݣȷʵˡֻǶûˡ˵λһֱҳվڵۻߵүǻһλֵܣҲһλɽҲȷʵˡȻϵĻ飬ôύȥء

ǡʱҲһ߶
һֱڹע˵Ļ
˸߰˰ˡԼģһλȻϵĪϵˡ
ȣż˵㡣Ȼܲˡ
ĬĬ졣
òϡʱ˾ڲϵ㿪ŸָЦ
ǰһԵʵģʶۡ˴ΣΪܵԵʣоһλ˾ү󣬻һѺһ·
ˣʱĺܡ
ԣһʼʵ֪ҡЩߡ
 Ǵĵİɡ
һ·ϻڲ²⣬ҪҪ˶¡˵˵֮ġ᲻Լвȵȡ
˾ຣЩΡ
ɶҲûʰ
 ִ⡣ǸϽЩԵģü·ɡٴС˵ģǲȫ
طһΣյĵط
ԵİǶˡ
Σյĵط˵ĸֱܷӦҲͻָ
һоζʱŷֽŶġ
ּȵζ˶߲ˡ
СѩܲһЩԵİҪӴ
Ľ޵СѩԴϡСԴɽҲûֲķӦ෴ģǿֵӡӣСǺӦġ
ף,ҪԵġҾãѩӦҵԵġȻɽôأ
ҲһϽĽ޵±ȻŸѩ˵
Сһ￴Ȼ˰죬һתʧһ󣬱һֻĺܸɾķ
СţϽ𡣡
Ľ޵лӡһĹĸ˶˷ɿڵʳ
Сѩƺǵһγʳ
Ľ޵һĴָ˼˵ⶫ̫óˣζĲС
˾ຣ۶һֱСѩϴתתȷСڻǵĽ󣬱Ľ޵ֹš
˵ֻѩɽһ˻ҲŹˡϾҲġڣǰСѩߣҹţһ˻ᷢġ
Ľ޵³Ĭһ£Ըķ
ôô
˾ຣĹͷӵԡ
ôģȻǰСǼҳ·¡Ҳ˵ǰȥԺ϶Ҳ鷳¶һѶѡϾǹʥŮ֪ǹҵʥŮô¶
Ҳ棬Ͻչ
ҲʥŮôˣ
ʥŮǴСɫһġ˵һǹŷһͷɫǣô˵ҲͬţǸŰɫһɳʥŮǣʵǱǹ˳֮Ϊʥӵġ
ڽ񻰰ɣЦҡͷ˵˵̫ŹһЩ
㲻ţѾͷҵĻˣĺܲҡ
ȣðɣʥŮСѩʥӣ˵ôʥ󻹻һĴأѲɣʥӺʥŮһ£ʥŮǺǡǹŹֵĺܡ
˾ຣһ߶ɫĽ޵¡
СӺҲ˽һЩ飡
Ľ޵µͷ
һΣҵ֪һˡΪҵʦһνһ顣ǣһЩǺġת
תػ
ͻȻԼܺˡ
תػĴ飬ôƺҲĲϡˡ
ʦô˵ģ
ǿԿԼѯʡ
˶עĽ޵¼Ҫ˵ϣҲûע⵽쳣һߵСѩͷ˵ϸϸٿһأͷСɫһ˿ɻ
Եģ˵ϣһҵǺܹŹֵġǾǹһҵˣһѰʥŮʥӵķʽתģǱԭ򡣡
תĴôૡ
һ߶˾ຣǹһЦ
ҿɲΪתһ˵ЩǹԼҵ©οԼˡ
˵ˡת˵ȷʵǺġҵüˣЩܼǵԼǰһе顣еģһЩܡ֮ǹһֺܹܵ顣ǣҲţˣתĴڡ
ת
һ⻰Լ֪ǺθоˡֻΪҲת˶
ʥӣѩ֮޵ĺãпܣʥӵפһͷǣҲʥŮһһһǣΪ򸾡пܻ°ǵĴڡҲпܣ£ӢµʿˣҲǹһֱѰĴڡ
˵ĺ



һʮ£ǹĴ

񾪺
ãԼĹȫˡ
û˵ĺ׳ƣˣ
˾ຣĻþò
ӽܴ࣬𣿡
һ붯һĺͽӽңҰһӽġˣӦǺܵµ
Ȼ˾ຣĻҲӡ֤Ĳ²⡣
˴ڣ˵ҲǹŹֵĺܣ˵ǹʱ򣬾в˵˵ĺڱֻΪ֦֦νǼ˵ı֡һ֦ܸߣһס
һ֦ӵĴڡ
һ֦ʲô飬󶼺һҲǲģǵ˶ҪһЩԣ˵ĺǱ˱棬һЩĴڡ
ÿĹҷ˳ͻЩӣֹŹֵǹˣɱһĴڡ
һ֦ˣкˣ£ƾűһ˰
Եģһ֦ڡߵһ֣ƿǹǣǺŬѰѪˡһֱŬѪŹߴڣܽһŮǴСһɳģǵ˷ڼ䣬ĻǸСһɳģԼİ¡
һ£ǳ׵ˡ
һǹĴڣȫаҴڰ
ĹңǾ˰ɡ
а˵ǿ¡ʵ׷ͬʱȴк˶ٵ޹ŮСôһֱ庮أǹлܣйŹְ
ŲԶڻСѩ˶˼С
ʵйǹΪλֹŹʵˣҲ̫˵ǵĹ˴ˣΪ˸ҵɰİ£ԾһЩͨ˵ϣһЩһķ䡣ӴԺÿһʱ򣬾ͻһĲһŮִ˵޴ӿ֤ǣЩ֪ǹȷʵżгɹ˺Ĵڡ
ˡ
һĻ
߬ȭͷ
ʵ˽֪ʶ¡ӦΪǹˣһֱ׷һְԵ
Եǹʷʵĸı䡣
һıɹЩٵĺҲߵĴڡ
Ϊ棬ΪԼĹҵõõš
ǹһֱˣ츣ǹҡ
Ұģԭﰡ
˾ຣ⻰һۡҰԭСѾͷżĸ̾ͦϴҰ
Ľ޵µɨһǣһֱϻ۵Ĵڡ
ϻۣҲϻۣСӣ⿿ǵòŮ˵ķĵġ
˾ຣԽãСӾǸ
СͿ˳ۣˣǲġһߣ⺢Ļչҡͷ
߰ɣǴԽ˼ҵʥ֮أǹҪˡ
ǹǰһƺǶռĴȻǸ֮˹ѺǣżԼǰ߿©һЩϢ˽һЩֻƬ
ǹһƬ½Ĵڡ
ڵҲΪūȡ
һᵸϮô
һY˾ˣϣǿԱҲᱻ۸ȥ
˵Ķԣ˾һֱŬȻΪүһˣôܵЩС
ǣǹһУС
һ̣Y˼С
ҿǹһֱ˺ֲֻ£ǵҰĲСڣǲΪϣֻµʱô˴Ҳ֪磬ͨеһصһСⴳһͨԺסһҪĵص׻мأǹҰĲС˾ңò
һ߶Ľ޵µȻʵ
Yһ˳˼СĽ޵µļ򡣡СӣȻһСͻʧءЩϣҲò˵۲ǼΪġļԣҲǵĶԡǹЩЩ˾ҵӡȻҲȥǸ׹ٽŰ׹˼ʹϵǹһƬ̡ʵֻҪһǹҪѩ֮ϣǹһҰģҲȻˡ
ԣ˾Ҫǹô
ˣѾͷڵİȫʵǱϿôסˣǸϽ߰ɣףѾͷҵһʲô
ǡǣƼԶСѩȻһѪѪֲ
ǰ˿һĽѪһĴʱһӾˡ



һʮ£ǹŭ

ǹģѪ˵ֻѩɽ֮۵һѪ궼ǿżȡѩĴڣϰҲѵһĴڡ˵ֻҪǱپˣһڣѪ⣬һĴڣѩǹĹҲһа
һߣĽ޵¸̾
Źֿһۣλʦģ
Ҷʦ̾Ҽ˵ĶֻǹĴ˵Уǣ˭뵽һѩءԺŵ˵һѩóȥһǣֻ´Ӵ˾ͻ᲻ݡӵߣҲ޾鷳Ͼһ
ԣһѩԲ֪YһԵͷ˵ġ
֨ۡѩѪĽ޵Ц
㶼ѧǵĻˣһˡ
һߣYӵĶСѩ
ǰ˵ģѩǹˣһѪͳǺܴϻ۵ĴڡһѪͳȴ˵ıһĴڡ޶ۣǣȴǼġһλСܱΪĴڣϵܣԭǲġô̵ʱѧǵԣʵҲ̫顣
˾ˣ⺢ô죿
Щġ⺢ӺɽܻһҲûܵǰӰ졣
һǾ͵ðȥ
Ǵȥˣѩǹˣ¾Ҫʧأ衣
ѩɽ֮ϣһͷӴޱȵİɫǡ
֪ô¶ȻһͷǵʱſǶûһۣһͷǵӰĻǸĳء
ѾͷǴŰɡɣ
Ľ޵³һ£ƺľ
YֻһۣҪˣѾͷǿԵġֻ£ӴԺ󣬾͵ýѩǹıй֮ġȻһŬһܵġСӣܲһӲóţ
ֻҪСѩ¶ǰôͱȻᱻѩǹ˲
ʧʥӵİʥŮѩǹ˹ŭͷʹѡǣһǳĽ޵µ㣬ɣϵ鷳¶㹻ˡٶһ׮Ҳ޷ġ
С˵֧ԼĽ޵Цġ
С㣬л㡣
š̹Ȼ֮
˵ĹŹֻY
˵һԹŹֵˡ˵˰ɣ־ˡ˵˰ɣָоˡм󻹲һ͵ĶֻһȫˣʱһĴڰɡ
һYүɢĺܡǣ鰮棬ȴŸĸС
ͷСѩ֣߰ɡ
ѩǹ
˵Ǽ˱쵽ѩɽϡ
һ˲䣬ǰ㱨λǹŵѹֵĶסˡ
һ̧ͷǿſġ
ǵǼǰһľӵʥɽϡʶʱҲˡ
һȺôȥޣһѩǹһͷɫĳ£һ˫ɫ۾ɢĿâ
ҹȥ
Ǻѩ˺С
һֱһɽʥһĴڡ
ƿŽȥǰǾ߹ײˣһǰ
һߵıϡ
ǣ̰˯ҪƹһӡǷ˰һ޲ɼһЩ˷ŵɽȥһǸܣ¾Ҫ˷ˡҪġ
̰˷Ĵϣ̰ǡ
ս˻͵֡
ҪģǵСѩ»ʹʧġںѩˡ
ѩͻȻݺ˵֡
ٿ
ֱס
һ˫屦ɫֱֱ
һաţ˾̾ġ
ֻǣɢһɱƣѩҲȫ䡣
·ѪҺֹͣ
˵һ顭
˻Ƶģȴ͸žջԸѩȫ̱
ǿ̧ͷš
˵ѩпܱˡ
ǿܡǱˡ˱۾ʱ˫ܰ˶۾ɨŮˡ
ңβסį
ѩǡҪҡѩʹ󡣿ǣѩǵȴһˡ
סˣѩҲֻǲһ£ޣԣǼˡ
ɣҡ
 ѩȥ̣ûί෴ģǻϲ
ƽʱϣСŮһĽߡ
ѩǹ˿һ
ǣһ̵ȴҸСŮһġ
תָܿһȺŮˮһ䡣



һʮ£΢İ

;һ̫ĻѩڲС
ˣһӸ´ΪŮˡ

ѩĽëſ
ǰˣ˫ϥ¹򣬱ȳƵȡѩǣ֪һֱңǣȴĴڡңڣѩǹ߰Ѫͳô˶ҪѩǹΪһб仯ı䡭ɺá
˵һУѩǵﻮһ˿ʹࡣ
˺þãʳ
ûҵô
ûУΪֹ˼һôҲҲ
ѩͷ߬ȭͷй¶ĵʹޡ
ʸޣ
ѩƺʹŸ߹ͷ­ŮˣͻȻ̧ȣݺһ߷

ѩĨȥǵѪ
ЦţȥʱֿһǸŵţĹ˳ȥ
ѩǵǰһֱû𣬸û˸
еģֻūӡ
ȵֻһʱѩƿ˴
ңŴ⡣
ƺŮĽЦ
㵽ȥˣôҲ㡭ǣôӣҲӲҵĵġ𣬿ҪѩԳ㡣
תžиߴԼ֣һĽȥİ׷
תŹ̨ϵһƿƿҩšһСƿӡ
һƿҩﵹͷϣԭİɫҩ͸ʱ򣬾ȻۿɼٶȣŨڡգ׵ı˺ɫͷ˹һĨаЦݸڴϡ
һҪ׵ĸıգԸ񣬿㻹ӵȥֻг׵ĸı䣬Ųע⵽ҵĴڡǺǡ
˲̵ЦǺǺǵЦѩֲˡ

һһǣĸҲֻǱ΢ĸ
ԶֻǸ˵ĴڡǸ֪ǺηС
ʹ۾ѩԼһ죬ᰮϵİǸˡ
߳Ǹڣɢһͷɫʱѩĸˡ
˾òʵǣҲΪ£ҪʱһϤӣһȫİĴڡգҲֲʵֻ֪͡˼ޣֹ꣬ȴ
ߡ
һߣŵѩȫϥһһιڵϣϿͷҲӦö࿴ģѩǴˣ˴ķϣĹū澰ɡ
´Σٷ
Զȥѩ̧ǱĹٿԶȥĽŲЩŲԽԽᣬ󣬾䲻һ
ɬȻԭһ߲ĺǡǣĴ磬Ҫȥأ
뵽˵ĺɫ磬ѩü
ԭ㻹֪ںδֻǴŵķˡǣҵ𣿵꣬Ǻܹ뿪ġһһĻȥġһҲˣһҲͬҲˡ
˿ֿ֪
ҪĶˣͲܵòġ£ĹͷĹڡ
뵽Цĸ次Զһʹ࿴ʧص
ѩʱѹΪ˲ֵøˣΪ޴һ˷Ų£ֺ޲Ůˡ
ˣȥѩʥɽǼߡ
侲ѩֿʼָѩǹģ
Σ񣬶ڲȾЩŮʱ
ѩǻܣԱȥѩܣòط
һ죬ѩǹѩ帽ѩǹˣӵһ
Ҳһ죬һصĺڷĿܲҲһƬɭС
ѩǹʱ򣬶Զˡ
˵һڹһơ
ֹȹ˻ҪµơҾãֻҪҪµĳ嶯
ԴˣӦѩǹɳһλصĴˡ
ƣҲֻѩǹ˲ܲ
Ǻǡ
Ӱ߳üȺĽ޵¼˭룬һЩйں˵һЩš
˼Һˣʲôأ
ɻ󣬵ǣû̫롣
ڴԽѩ֮󣬼Ѿѧ·СֻҪƿһȺѩǹ˵ķԳɹԽ׹׹صȥ
׹ı߽磬ֻ첻ʱ䣬찲ȫȹǰȫˡ
뵽˿
ֻˣӹ죬ǳɹ
ɱɱһߡ
ԶĴɱһ
ѩǹѩɽ۷帽һʱ࣬˭
۾ǰһŵ
ǵ̣һѩǹˣ̲̫ʵ
ʦһ
ϲ²ΪԼŵʦһȺѩǹ˵ΧС



һʮ£ű

һȺôô࣬ԽԽ࣬͸ɱһ
ɱۣǣһȺѩǹˣȴǲĴڡôɱҲɱ⡣
ʦ֣ǱΧˡ
Ҳǽޱȡ
ʦֵܳνʦҲڴ˴Ǿ鷳ˡ
ʵڲУֻǾòֵĶˡ
ʱ򣬿ҧ³һ仰
İԽ
ȻæȻʱ򲻶ȥֻΪʦǴ鷳ģǴԼŵʦˡ
һ
ǡʱһͷߵƾճڿС
һмս˫Ʊˡ
ִһƣȴ˺ü
ŵŵĺü󲽣³һѪ
ȻһߵĿҡͷ
ֵĻҲûˡ
̫ǿǿû
Ϊʦ
ȵ鷢ˡ
һֱվһߣͽǱһʱȴ˳
ߵƺҲأһֱҪ־
һȺ棬Ҳֻ㣬ҵĶ֡
һҡͷ˵־֣˭
˱Ǻһʹ
úõĺܣȻһˣǳòáԺãСүҼ첻մɫˣý
ͿԶ߲ѡǺ޲ð˸ˡ£֪ڹʦıġﻹǿƲסĺޡ
ԭһֵĴڣĵ̣һֵŶҲԣѩǹˣ˵ѩǹҰӽɵһңѹֵġ
˵һʦ
˵ĶЩʲô˲䣬Լˡ
᲻̫ɶˡ

ǣźý
Ǹߵﻮ⣬ҲЦˡ
Ȼ˼ˣǵʦʰһźá
ʱ֪ԭʦһֱĴ첢̫Ĵڡ
Ķܰ˶ġ
ȥɡ
һȳˡ
ɴ۾ҲǺ棬Լʦô˴򶷡
Ҫ֪һֱʦӡУĴڰ
ֻһƮƮһ㡣һһߡ
ꡭ
˹ͷѵ񵹳˿
Ⱑ
ǡʱϣͻȻ䴫һֹ
彩Ӳ
㿴ԶĽ޵ºYСѩ˹ԹǶһŹֵĿԼߵһŹֵˡ
һºڷͫˡ
ʱȻվߣ·ûϢ˸ܲߵġŵģ͸ĪȻƣɴ۾ſˡ
ֱü̧̧֡
ԭܳܶ壬ʱһܶˡ
ɴ۾ʩһ
лǰɱ֮
ڷһۣ䵽Զһϡ
ˣʲôˣ
ʦ
ԥһ£ʵش
ţǼأ
һָԶǼˡ
ѣаǡ
Ľ޵۾ѩ
СںİˡҸһ̣ԼΣյĻء
ֻYĺ˵Щ㱡
ǰһһĴڡǣΪʲôһˣͬ欣˿ŶϢ
磬ǲͻȻ˲ٵˣ
ңһȺ˶Χѩɽ
Y磬ǲעġʱȫسֵĺϡ
ʱضصĴڣǺηʥ
ǣ΢ɤüҲһÿĻߡҲʱžԭ˾üĶҲ˵˿
һ߶Ľ޵³ƲѡСȫһͻأðˡȥСĶ֪ȥδˡȻ֪С㲻ᰮϱˣǣЩǺܵġ
ںԿ㲻ҪɱǣŹǿɺãЦϿ
üչҲգҾһ顣㣬ӴԺԵˡ
ͷԵģԵȻעˣôֺοء
һ
⻰˳ͳһϯǾͷŹǰաСѡǰǸɫˣҪҪҳְһѣ
յϷʵ񣬲֪ΪΣЩ£Ǹܷ֮һĴڡ
ʵ˳㣬ô



һʮ£Ա

˵ͫٿ¡һ˲䣬籩ǵĺ⣬˲ͳܲ
ȴȻЦţɫ䡣ˣȥաϵĲ飬ΪͺãűĵָǸ𡣡
һһĴڡ
ԶYüѡ
Ľ޵£ԱЦ
Сˡ
ǰܻڼЪʱһЩĻʱСҲ˵һЩĻ
ʱС߶תû뵽ڣǸĪĺˣҲһ³
ʱǲܲС̨ġԣǵװŸӡ
ʵĽ޵»治˽С㡣
˵ĸĪһʵģʵҲǴڹġ
ΪˣܻһЩ̾һĽ޵ºС֪ء
˵ڲԶ󶨸Ľ޵µϡ
Сϲˣ
Եġ
һֻУôˣ˲õĺܡȴǽѡ
ʱľǰʦĽ޵µ˽ȳ
ǣһֱ죬ʦǳ⡣
ʱһԵһۣĻҲġã˺УҲһԵô
ҡ壡
ƺû뵽˽Լ
ȴЦɣɢƵš
ţܶ޾ˣͲǴ塣ǣܷ棬ҲǴˡ˵壬ҲǶϵضѡ⣬ҿԹ˧ġ
˧硣
YҲŴѾͷʱּۻۣò˵ǡġǣֺ
һͨģеɫѾͷǣΪʲôڳԤϵʱ򣬾ͻ볣˲һķӦ
һڣһˣӦŵľʧô
ȴƢԲһĺ̸˵ء벻֪վһ
ף˿Żһ·ӵġ
⻰Ͻȥһˡ
̧ͷ˲䣬һҲ֡
ȻԶУ˵ǰһѪӿ
˺һвһȡ
ǳˡ
һ뿪ˣҲɷ
ʦ
һ̧ͷһ۾˵ഥ
˵񽻻ڿС
·Ļžȼաһ˲䣬ܵһηơһǺڰ׵ơ
˾˴˶š
һķͻȻ
мп಻
ʦ
һߣ޷Ľ޵µˣҲǼС
ڸʲô
С˺ѵġ
ڷ籩е񣬾еĽ档ֱһߵĿͻȻ䷢һС
ʦСʦð
Ҳû뵽ƽʦڿһʱߵͷ˸һԲϾͿ
һϣνǰһġ
ԭ϶˵һƬҵĶȻа
˵һյ
ŲһҡҡλεľҪˤڵء
һһָԶĽ޵µҲжˡ
ҲʱСѩͻȻܵĽ޵µĻһšηʱʱɨһ۲Զĺˡ
һۺְͷĻ
Ľ޵ǰһѷһǣСѩ໥һָܻǰľ
С㡣
㡭ѩҲ
ͷɫĺͷҲǰɫСͷʾСŲ
Сһصղʱ;ȫɵƺָֻˡ
ֻСѩƺвС˺ԣڻָҡͷʾٹ
ѩ֣Ľ޵§һ¡ѩлл㡣
СѩҡͷҲӦĽ޵µĶһɴ۾ֳָ
СѩҲһ
СҲҪССҲҪһ
ллǼѩǵŮˡ
ðɣȻûгȴҪӵһҵСȣȻе档ǣ˵ѡǾɡ
һˣŶѩȻЦǣֽ§ĲǸˣźÿµġ
ǰҲЩ¡ǡʱǸǰһϵĺˣʱȴǵͷֱСѩ
񣬿Ų˵ġ
Ͻźۼվѩǰ˵ͷˣ뿪ɣȻһѩǹŷҲء
˹һĨаЦݡŲһϣ϶߰ɡ
ϲģ⡣
ǺǡһڹЦüĽġ
Щ¶ȥˣʲôҲ֪˱ܡ
Ҳû˵ʲô߰ɣϹ㻹Ǹǰһ̫డ
һͺӣ濴һ±ƵĿʦʦʱʶһ̬˺µĴڣ
һλˣԲǿô򵥡
Сʦã˵ʦô꣬һֱƼˣҲţ
һΣȴͷšΪƭˡ
߰ɣ¹˭ֻҪǵĵ˾ͺáƵطԺҲˡ
뿪˵أȥõѡʱ򣬿˵뷨ǸϽʦ뿪
ڣ·̻˳
ֻҪ׿һڹԡ
˵ҲֵĺܣڹüζŹֳСѩ
Ľ޵¶¡´ʲôСѩÿαţȫ䡣ڣСĻԸˡ
һǿߺڹµġüζǰֱӶž˴̫ڹܵ̽
ڹһǼġСˡ
һֵ治һʦ෴ģһµĳߡ
Ϊ𾪹ˣ⼸Ҳϰ˵ԡ
ϲģô˵㣬ô£Ƿԡ
ڹִɡ
ǺǡСӵӣ˵ˣϲ治ҵĶ֡Ҫǰôǻǿƽ֡
Ѿͷһ߶ţϹһս
һʦһĴڣο֮սⲻǶôϾ˼һ°˵˰
㵭Ȼݵĺڹ⻰ವͶ
ɱ⣬Ŀ˽⡣񣬵Ȼʼ磬ͷ˵ʵ𡣰ɱˣǻʲôʦûҪһĴڼƽϡ
ʦͦĲԣҲʦվߣƴǵΡ
һһɨղŵıƣЦ
ҪСʦöѧһЩһͽܵô



һʮ£ʦļ

ЦŨźڹı鵭Ȼݵĺܡ
ӣûʼӡ
ڹգѾͷͲҶ㲻
ʼ磬ɫϿһֱ֪ôġ˵Ҷ㲻ʱ򣬾ʹ˲а취ϵĳǿʵڱʾϱ㣬ϳȥԺ󣬾֪ôĽҲ֪ô𣬳͸һ㻹ҪˡҪ˵ڲڰǰô
ǰ棬˼ңЩ˵ĻѾͷ˵˳ĺܡڹˡ
һ־Ҫ
ȴһһϡţ˾ʹһš
Ľ޵Ĩ亹
վһ߶ѵ
ȻҲ֪ڹʦٶ㲻չǲԵģô˵Ҳһһе̬ĸְѹɤѡ
ס쿩Цһ˫۾͸ŵ飬һĽ޵Щмܲסˡ
ȣðɣҾ㱻ڹʦѵ̫ˡϾɴܣǷ׵ùġ
ֱܻվʦǰġʦ¶ΪͽܵңȻ͵ͦ
Ľ޵ΣС㣬ҲҪһҵĸ鰡
ԶϹͻȻ䲻ˡ
˷ܶĽ޵£Լûк°ͣ޳һָСӣ
Ľ޵ס֪ϹôͻȻԼЦǰǰϽСӿ¶Ը
ڹ°ͣһ֮
ţǲġҾҺڹһͽˡ
ְʦ
Ľ޵۾ɴˡ
úڹЩá
˵ܰʦϹңǰĸŻԸģ
䡣
ɫһڷ޷Զ
ܵľҲʲô쫷ڹһ
Ľ޵ҡͷʦϣСһݡղʵ̫˷ˣһʱӦеڣʦԭͽʧ֮
ڹ󣬡Ц
һ˦ţСܲҺڹͽô䣬ͻȻָ񣬡ǸѾͷҪѱԹԵָʾ£ж¡аĻ֪ˣ
Ľ޵µЦݳ˳飬ţһλҪͽܣΪԼѱСء
һǺЦҡͷ
Ľ޵ºǴļ˼۾ţСӣϽӦ
䣬Ͻ񣬡Ѿͷ㻹СӴӦѾͷСӵĿǡڹҪСѱѾͷ볩ЦҹпҲŹֵĿźڹ˵жʧ󣬱ʾŨص֮ͬС
԰СţʦҪˣҪӦµġҲεӡȴĽ޵۾һڹľЦ
Ѿͷں˰ɡҸһᣬֻҪ㲻ϲĵʦתҲСӻҪõġ
Ľ޵¿ʦҲ̫˰ɡŵ˲һٸʦͿʼնջС㡣ĵôĲֵǮôСվǶķ׿־ãСıġ
ˣҲûɶ˵ġ
һ룬Ľ޵ɵɵ㶵Цˡ
ôȵһЦŨƫƫһյӡڹȻҵͽܣ㻹𣿻Уͽˣͽܵδʲô˼
ڹӣˡҾͳС˳ۣϲ
ҺǺͷ˳ۣ˳ۣôû˼һЩ֮ģԶȥڹ㻹ǸǰһģС԰ѹֵ뿪㣬ɼСԶչǱ䲻˵ġ
ڹˡشӻͳһöʯͷҲֱ׸Ľ޵¡Сӣȥãϲģ˵СޣСȫҶСڶСˡ
ҪܣϽǣСѩһ߶
ͿҲǼĬǸǰա
⼸˶뿪ˣĽ޵Ļỹء£Ҳһǰߡ
˵ضĽ޵°ʯͷױƵĵݵǰţҲ֪Ǹʲô
ӹһöʯͷȴһöɫģȹ⻬ʯͷ
΢
ս˲䣬м궯ģĪľƽ΢ôãʯͷЩƽء
ʦ֣ʶʯͷϽѯʡ
ɻؽӹʯͷڿɫʱɫ΢䡣սģŵӡм䡣
ڿһ̾һЩظһʯͷ
벻һῴ֮ʯʯͷһֺƯģ͸һˮʯһ֡һˮʯĥƯΡңиֲһĹЧ
ˮʯͷĽ޵¶̫⡣ϾǿʯͷҲǿƯһЩѡ
һ£ˣǰˣǿɻӡ󡣡
һᣬ֪ˡ
˰һƯĨһƯɫĶǽҲģǹȣŶ˵ĺܡףʦ㲻˵һԶӣˮʯͷɣ
ͷ
Եһʯͷϡ
ˮʯͷⷬһʮǰŴġʱֻһ;ʯͷźƯԵãЧȴ̫ס
ǺأǷ˺¶Ľ޵½ʡûע⵽⻰Եıˡʮǰǡ
Ǹʱ򣬲֮ⷬˡ̼ǵãһλĴʿһЩŹֵʯͷжҡ
Ķö˲⣬󣬻صåһաºô֪ϾʱͱǸ˹Ѻ
ʱҲΧ۹Ǹˡʱ˵ЩʯͷŷͬСɵĹЧֻʱվ˲˽ĹЧ
ЩˣΪǹҵһЩڽ֮ģԲûжԸš෴ģ˻ǵа˵ˡЩĶȴеõʦΪ˻оһЩʯͷȷʵǾһĹЧġ
磬ɫƯˮʯ˰ڼȻﵽƵĹЧֻһĺ˵ҲͰˡƫƫüʯͷˣﶼ𽥵ƽҸԣԣɫʯͷϺֵǮ
һ̳˲ӣᱻǮȥ칩ţŸүչˡ
һֻɫʯͷţʯͷҲƫˣܶθһˣŽԵİ
һɫˮ˵ƽֱö˶֮ġ
Ҫ˵ģһְɫˮʯͷ
ˮʯͷ棬ߵĴڡаլĹЧȥ˵ĹЧҪģĹЧղһöʯͷʱ侭һ飬кöģĵطɼʯͷĹЧ֮ǿ



һʮһ£黳

ԭһöʯͷǿҵĹЧ̾û뵽Ľ֡
Ľ޵Ҳ治ѣһöʯͷôȴǲҩ
õɱҩö˺ôɫʯͷкѵˣһĸЧֻҪϣ֢״Ʋ١飬ˡ
һ£ЩˡʯͷǺñҲû̫ãʦôϲȥðɡ
ղſϲ
⻰ǲ˼ˡ
ϾСʦܵĶô̰ûء
Ľ޵°֣ʦˣҵĶģҲҵġ飬ɲؿġ˵ˣⶫҲ˭áⶫʦ˵Ǳ˵Ҳһ鿴ƯһЩʯͷѡ綫ʦܷӳ
̬ϣҲƴǣʯͷ֣¡
Ǻãлǡ
΢΢һЦ߰ɡ
ֻڳܲݣʱʱģ˱˴˳
һ뿪Ϲȴ
һҲɹţգҡͷпһ
ôҲأ
һ£ϹҲ֨˿Զ
ΨԸڰɡ
һΣһѵõĲٳļ򣬡ʵЩ飬ԷˡʱȥôãõҲ֪ʱˡ
Ϲȴ߳ϲģĸоңĺܡ
һǺЩ飬ɹࡣ
ʵ˵ҲһûôȻôǸߡ
ֻԵְˡ
ǺǣϲİҲɹءϧǶͶ̥ˣڲ
һΣһҲ֨ˡ
ôȷ˵ġӣ
кβȷģƾӣ磬졣
ǣϣһˣ᳤ƵôҸܲϵϢһ㣬ҲӦ²ɣȻôûм֮飿
һΣϹٿ
ˣҾɣҿţܾãһҵġֻǣڲصǹġ
ôһֱ壬Ҳ֪ǶҲԡʵûǣҲļðɡϹǿҲû¡
һЦ뿪ϹӰҧ
ʵҲ֪ǸˣֻõĴˡңִֻЩ¡ˣҾôİɡ
Ϲֹ꣬Ҳ˦ǰ
ԽƬ֣ٶȻع鵽Ѿʮʱȥ
Ϊһε⣬ҲٴƽɽСϾݻǺүѾͷһҪȥʱһֱĵϹȴĽ޵·ˡ
˵ѾͷڻһͨѾͷǸһѾͷڡūŵݣ
Ľ޵ܵͷǣСǹټΪūĴڡû⣬޷Ϊ
Ϲ̧Ҫˡ
Ľ޵ȴִſ
ʦģ飬ҵ顣һҲ֮ʱ򣬶ס£ֻΪ檣ҲԲģһ˵νġ
СӣϹͽԵҪеһ˵ΡֻϰһҲٰˡ
Ľ޵һлʦ̻塣ǰֻǰһͯһŹ֮ˡڿһλΪġһ֮飬ҲȻ
ͽҲǵùġǰ˼ҵˣ԰˽šţ㲻ƨɺ죬Ǽġ
Ϲϵ
һ·ϣǿˣԼµͽܣճ˼ңǲġΪˣɸ֣һһΡ޲⣬ѪôԼµͽܣԾôдǰΪˣϹһƽɽԸȥˡ
һ뵽ϲĵӣľ÷ꡣ
˰ոͽܽѵ˲ɣڷϲĳЦߺߣһ죬ϹҲҪһӡ
ϵΪǲܹ˵ġԴϹ֮ʦҲСһӲ
ȥ·ϣͬһʮŮʮһ꣬˲һĴӴСһ̣˴˿ŶԷǲʵһ

Ľ޵´סС֣Цˡ
㡣㺩ɵ꣬ЦİٰΡ
ԺĪɵɺã
ٺ١áС˵ʲôʲô
ɵ꣬˵ͷӴҲ֪ꡣ
ȥĿԾٰǸ׵Сô
뵽Ľ޵»ǾòʵСҪ޸ˡ
£ֻһһḶ́ǣǾһвʵĺܡ
ǰ˵õôΪ˱ҹζ࣬Ǿ;аɡ
˳ɵӣĪЩ
ʵһ㣬ǲãҲǲ顣
һ룬еԥᣬʧ
̫ӣֻҪø֪˾ˡ
áӡǣί㡣Ľ޵üСõһС
ǣСȴֻҪ͵¡
Ҫ軤뷨Υ
ᣬЦ
ںЩ׵ĶбԺٽʽɡ
ѧԺʽˡҲ˲ƽɽͣԭ֮һϾĽ޵ڻУ
Ȼ󣬱Խҵ뿪չҲѧ
ãСȥſɺá
뵽ҲûˣĽ޵µҲǸĺá
ԵʱеĿãеģҪۻǰʦǵ˵°ɡ
ռλʦԼͬ뷨Ľ޵ȷʵǲʺ̫ںүǽ׳ʱ򣬸ǲʺ̫¡
һ뵽үЩоҲǰü
үŻƽ˭֪氵Ųٵķ粨ء
ǺһҪλûʵЩһ߶ҲԽļҡ
֪үߵļλ˶λЩҪôˣҪôǷˡɼǵж
ġĽ޵ɵɵ㶵ش֧ҭġİ鰡֪ô£ƫƫҪһ
ƺ֪룬Ľ޵ͻȻץһ
ϲΪҰһУϲһڵĵط
ָеЩʹǣЩȡ
ҲǲµС
ôԶţһʱߺ㡭
ûŭĵһЩûקһ㣬ҧ
뵽ԺǾͿһҡܼ
ĬĬŤͷ
ʵ治˵ġı֣ҶƵġ



һʮ£ƽʩ

ƽվںү鷿⣬ԥ˰죬ջһҧ̧ͷԺ䡣
ԺүһЩ񡣿ˣǼõ뿪
үЩãƽҲĻŵĺܡ
뵽Ĵ飬 Ӳ
ү þòūһˡ
ĵһԹĽɽЩΡңиܵʱӶ࣬ʳҲЩһġƺûô⼸ʹһЩŮһˡ
ɫ֣ƽ˱ԹԹȥ
ںүĻүǵõҳʱ㻹佱ң˵Ϊ񣬶ׯһΣǵôѽ
Ľ꣡
ӵ֣үɫһЩЩҲԽĳˡ˵ѧԺѧҵгɣһһѧԺˣ佱˵ġʵ˿佱ģԷһλȴЩԶˡ
ȿȡɲôҲСгɾ͵ˡѧҵ棬ѧԺķ˵ǲġֻǣҲˣѰ˼ɣǵΪһźˡү㿴
ᵽ¶ƽ˾ͽˡ
ҪʲôĹǾζţүŵĸȻʱܶľһǷ硣
ԽԽڲʵ飬ҲԽĶԣŸԼĶŮǶһź£Ҳ˱Ȼġ
ĽɽǰŮˣʵʵܴ͸һ˳Ҳнʮˣһ̣ƽȻľΪŮҪͦס
үһֱԼԳɫԻЩ
Щ꣬ҲȷʵˡЩǳ󣬲ǽ̵֪һŮˡֻǣĸݣԲЩ
ƽ˺ݺ߬ס֣ѪǿţԼǺ
˵飬Իᶩһźµġֻǣڳҵ飬ҲҪ
ȿȡ
ʵʵϢʱƽ˻ܵľȳ
⸾˲ϿԵɫɺ죬ɫƺĳ˺ɫĽɽҲǴһŮЩԽ˥֪һġǣ˥ϵ˵زȴû뵽ġ
ò׻͹ƽЩȻĽɽЦ
үūģһ𡭡ͷϣŰ ǲеء
ĽɽüôЩλزģҩöǵһ㡭
˵ȥȴƽ̧֣˸סơһĽɽҲ˵ȥˡ
Ů̧֣һ˫֣˽治Ϊԭ֪УЩŮˣ˥ϵϲô
Īģ뵽˵ƽ˵ĺãҲ뵽ˣЩึһЩ顣
үĵģҲԷĻ°үôΪŮķϣһ׮û°ɡԵģҲǿ󡣡
Ҳǿˡ
ŸʱҪȥ壬ǣһ˫۾ȴִſԼһ̣ĽɽĳŸָӵ
ݺݱۣƽĳŮҴȥ˵
ƽĳŮһŹףǳˣǿɾһ׮һ˲䣬ƽЦˡ
лү
Է˾˵ĵӣҲĹޡ
˾ˡ
ǿǽһǮƵ°һ˲䣬ƽãүԼǲġڵأлү
ȥա
үһԸ󣬱˰˾ƽӢȥ
ȵߺĽɽþò
Īģ뵽˲ٵĹ
ƽ˵ʱԷһλҲǼлʱʱޣҪˣҲû˵ЭĻʬǺԺ˷֣ߣӴ˲ܲǸӡֻǣЩԽӱܣԽҪӴǸġ
ʦү
һֱڸڵʦүүķԸ󣬸ϽӸ˳
ү
£һͷҲûô
ʱ򻹻顣
ʦүŵĸϽ
غүЩһֱ¡ǣеָꡭˡȷʵһλһЩϵġ

⻰˵˲䣬ѹԵˡ
ʦү޾ѹڵõһ֮󣬲˿
תӵʦүմ˿ֻǣ˼ЩȻվһǡ
˵飬ڣҲҳѽȻֻĸҵġ



һʮ£ҹΪ滮

ȵʦү뿪󣬴Ӱ߳һͲСüֹʦү⻰Ǹʲô˼أΪλ˵һ̾Ļǵʦү飬ȴźүھˣҲϲٳϵġˣ벻ףͼ¼Ƕʱ½ͺá½ûƽʱĿģһЩɻ飬û¶¼ǶôءС˵꣬ʦүղŵĻ߶һأȷʵˣż¶
һҹĽɽȵ˺üˣһ߶񻶺ֻ֡ҹʱλүȴһҵ˶Ī߳ԺӣŲܿƵԷȥ
ɺĽ޵һ
뵽СҪסԼԺӣס
СߣߣȥԺһʱͿӭˡ
˯СҪ;ˡ
ðүȥʰȥ
СһɨǰһٶȻָĽ޵´˴ǡ
С߰󣬾ҵˣɵ㱣һ롣
СƲ죬ıʾ˵ûСڣ㻹Ҽദһء
ôģĽ޵ºЦĺܡ
֪ǲͬģߺߣǲҺһЩʱڽǰ˵ĻԿվһ߶һߵġСѹɤҲвĽ޵¡
Ľ޵±ҭģЩա
Сߣҷ֣ӦƲݵ¶ȻҲŵ˼ɡ
˵ӰСⲻǷŵ㻹ѧԺ˲أ˵ݴʶԡСǿұ֮
ȴĽ޵Ц飬ȷŵҪôСү÷ŵʣ̧ˡ
ôеڣĳһ죬ͷԷȣǰСߺĽܹϵե󣬶ԼܿСһҲ
ٺ٣ӰǺҲղȥˡν˵³ĿˮôҲղȥеġ˰ɡҪСҾͳСӡС˴ҵоֻұҪϺܶġٺ٣ɶ˵СģһЩŸ㣬ˣԼɫʳһЩ
һãĽ޵žЦˡ
ţСȷʵǰˣиʳˮƷһ㰮ã˵ڲͬСͲЩѰĸ˼ңö˵ڲͬ
С߱ЦȴǱӲѡ
Сʲô飬СӶĲˡ
ʵ˵С֮ԻЩˮͼģҪҪʱ򷽱һЩһ뵽Сô˵ǹѺ˼Ȼ⼸νĽʺް
һʦһ𣬸ѧ˲ٵ˵ı¡ԣСԺ棬ǸֵĻ֮⣬ǸܳԵСˣԼɫˮ沶ˮεĴڡ
СϲԵһСţҲøкüԵ㣬ҲЩʵԵĲ࣬Щ˲ٵĺô
ᵽ¶Ľ޵»Ͻƽ
СҲ̫Сˡ
ȻרΪһЩˣֻΪںʵʱȡһﾭôĵ嵽Ҳ˲١Ȼֵòˡ
˵үЩԵˣһûźȰ
嶼ƫͣҲ⼸꣬С£ԺһЩȻҲЩĶǷֲġ
СҲ˵ˣרΪġĽ޵»ǲƽСʱһΪ
˵㹻ѽҲҸǰ߶߶һЩСǰ˵ҵˡ
ҭסĽ޵²֨ˡҪǣСסǲİ
˵С߰⿪꣬Ҳʮ˰ɡ˵ʮСˣҲҪ׵ġң£Ҫүġţҵһ£⸮ĸѾͷҼСеġȻС߿ô죿
С΢һԵһƲɣҪءɲġ
Ǻǡҵ¶ҪǸҺҵĶСǲݵġʱСһôԼġ
һ뵽ĿԣĽ޵»Щ¡ϾкüΣΪСһ죬ǱСˡ£вˣ
΢תĽ޵ֿʼıʱСȴ˹ӣǱ߶ɶˣ󡭡ǹﰡҵĸ裬ôôֲĴڣ



һʮ£үҹ

һƣ˶ŵͷƤһ顣
ǰ£һߴģͷɢĴǶĹΣ˵ܻĴĴڡһ˲䣬˶һͷֲĴڣɵ
ӣϽܰС߼һܡ
ȴĽ޵ºݺקסСߣˣǹ
ѹɤ롣ҹģ˭ܵȥءС߱ק
ǿȶȥһ򣬲ŷȷʵǹһˡ֮ԻһʵΪվ棬ܵһЩֲﱻһɨܵӰڶһôڵҹһţֿĴ
˭СߺǣǺӰȴҲĽ޵üǬȴҹûҴСߣȥˡ
㣬
İƵɤһСȻҲûôүӴǣ˵ӡġʵǣλĽɽԴһϢңһеİİԵڡһΣҲ̡
СһקסĽ޵µ½󣬡ӣȥɡ
үһֱԹӲܲ˵ģҹԵǲİң칫ӾҪȥӦˣ˭֪һعȥ˻᲻ԹӲءһ룬СôҲԸȥġ
Ľ޵ȴüס֣ҡͷʾԼἫõġ
ǺˣһֱŲʵˣôܵҹ磡
Ȼɻ󣬵ǾȥһϾĽɽϣѪԵӡ
һһݣ첻ϢҲȶ²ںȾƵۡҲû뵽ҹģ˵ĺӻû˯ȻҹԺ
һŵһŨصľζ
һϢüһλǰǺȾ̫ŻġɴҲɿԼǺ֮ġ
Сӣ㵽ǳסͲһƽɱô
ЩŵĽɽĽ޵µüĸҪɱңɱˡôҶţֻ˵ֻ һмһ˵ĴڡүҹڣЩԺ̺ա
ⰵĽɽһСӣҷ̱үɡ
Ƿֻ̣ʵ֮ѡ
Сӣȫ㡣
ĽɽһͻȻ
ǣĽ޵µʺʱȴͻȻ佩Ӳˡ
СӶҡ
סӲɫ䡣
Ľ޵µϢȻ첻ûνĸҲң˱Ƶһķϣܵ뷨ӻȥģȻ᲻ĻشȴĽɽ㶲ѣĺܼѣ
Ľ޵Цˡ
ˣȴʱǲǻļѣ
ͻȻúЦ
ǺǵЦ
үһļѣ⻰ӦǴӺү˵ô꣬ҲŲʣҹԺšãļã
Щʲô
룬ûҲûزۣ
ԣү˵Ķԡ
Ľ޵ЦĸȻˡӺǡ
ߣŪ㻹֡
Ľɽɿ֡
Ľ޵ҲѰĶЩʦǸСնʵҲ治İȻͱ˸͵Ϯ֡ɲΪΪˣŻֲɱġ
꣬ŵʱҲܻаҹҹεϰߡʱܻһЩԸ񣬻ƽʱһЩ޴⡭
ĪģĽɽȻĽ޵½һЩ
ȻͷûкøУʱ˵飬Ըһµġ£硣
һ˵ĽɽȻ˵˺ð졣
ֱĽ޵´һ磬ͻȻס
˰չ飬زȥˡ
Ľ޵µһˣƺ廳ȥ
Ľ޵£ԹҶĺЩҲҸطйչƽҲסһүϲܽġ
ֻһ仰Ľɽ뿪
Ľ޵ԭغһӣ׹ţ죬Ϊ˵һҪ֮λиˣ֧һԺһУģ
ӣϽذɣ㿴ҹģҲٲȥѽСһĽɽ뿪Ͻק
ǸӴˮС߲űﲻסѯӣˡΪ°
Сߣȥ˯ɣҪҪȥѧԺΪҹȫˣɺã
ŹεۣСôҲݲܾ
Ҳã죬ҾȥһȥѧԺ濴ķɡСʵҲҪ˼ҿķɵģ㡭
ԽǶСã֤ԺǳΪһ˵ĻᣬҲԽĶࡣ



һʮ£˲

ĴһĽ޵£ɫ̫ѿСתȥϢ
ڶһ磬С߳嵽Сʱ̶ִˡ
ƿԺţŵһеİζ
С㣬ζǲˡ
æµѵС໺г
һõİӶ˳æֽãϽȥСҲܳԵ
С߾Ϳˣŵģܹɶ
۾һɣٺ˵˵ҲûóԵˡ
ȥȥô
СҪߣȴǶסŲ
㣬ҲȥСŵıɣɶɧˡ
ŶһɨС߾˲ӡ
ɶĽɽȻˣҿӵɫ̫ÿ̺˯ʱ򣬻һ˺ۡ
ɫ΢䣬ȥһЩߡ
ȥﰡ
ͷһ𡣡ȥģȥѧԺǰĹսǡǶһ㲻ˣǸϽ
ٺ١С߿Ц
ԭСҲĹžүİҾ˵ôЩ飬ôٵСĹذءСӣҪ֪ҪȥɵЦʲôأ
һ죬۾һɣȥҪùô
ٺ١
С˸ˣʹӾܡ
ĽСˣźһ
Щ꣬С߶ϰ˱⸮ĸλү裬Եȵ뿪Ȼû˰ӣϢ߸Ľ޵ʱȻӡС߸жǣλүҪȥˣҲŸҩһס֮ġ
ӣ̫ˣǰЩõ飬ĪҪٵˣҴӴԺͶá
Ľ޵ȴüһţֻҪСǰ˵ЩĻá
һ£С߱ˡţԼôϸôģȴΪСҪԼǰ˵û
ɼֻСѽ
ٳʱС߻ǲʵѯʡ
˵ӰҲ˳ҲĺܡֹһľһĴˡȻǼλŹֵʦǣôү׼ôķĶءΪүľͻᱻɧһҪ
˵ʲô
Ľ޵µĽŲֻͣҪ¹С飬ȥϵء
ӣһζһٶڵİ
ǻ˵ô깫ӿǳ·ص˲š
·˵ˣһ깫ӽǰʮĻǼġ
ЩСҡͷĽЩԽϽֻһЩԵϡ
ѧҵжá·ˣ˽Ⱑ˱ֺûѧҵôģҲ˵ῼǰʮ
ĽоǰʮеѶȡȻҲ˼ãǡǡõľԼһЩĿء
ֻȻ󣬵ҲǴڵġ
Ľ꿴Ľ޵£΢СӣǰǲôġĳɳԽע⵽˵Ĵڡ
һУֻΪһʼͺѾͷŲһĹϵһʧټ飬עҪѾͷһġ£Ҳݸˡڸ棬кö˶֪µġ
ߵʹ˸ߵצү˼ҪԼǰȥѵһˡ
Ľ޵գ뵽ԽѵŪƽ˵Ҳŵ˿ٸĽ޵µ
ӣ깫ӺҪΪˣ
СüȺЩꡣһĽ鷳ʱԽԽˡ
һСӱ鷳ͰˡɰľүҲҪ鷳Ƿʤ
Ľ޵ǵȻĺܣãӻǣ
Сһ뵽ϵĸɫҲȻЩĵġ
ǹү¶Լıǣʱһз۲ǳԿô
СߣôĹءӺɷ򣬵ʱ͵̫ƽϡ
һ
СҲ׶ĵķ꣬űǰϡȻǰϡٵӣǰĽɳȥצѺһ·м䡣
ӣڵô죿
Ľ޵ɫ𸡡Ƥޣϳ
á
һӣС˷ˡ
Ҫ֪ƽʱүһֱǵģſֽȥ£̫ټˡ
ݡ
ãܹ˵ľ˹
ӣ˿϶ᱻˤʺġ
һֱĽ޵Ľ꿴ǰĳܲ˵ǰ壬ɫ̫ÿǵļƻǵ³ٺúöǿžͶĵļһнѵڣ˼Ҿֱǰߡ


һʮ£ӥҪŷ

ߣ˼ҲһĹȥˡ
ǰһ뿪ӰĽ𾪲ѡ
ղһ˲ӰΪһҲԲѡ
ֻƤޣݺϳȥͻȻ䷢ܾһڿԾ
ԭŵǸ꣬ȴ˲һվݺǰ嵽ǰҲǡǡϡ
ǰĶһǳɣľǾαһֻڶϼ츳
֪ģЩĽ޵²ûϰȻôΣյʱСӻץйͿɶˡ
ӣСİ
ʧ֮£ĽСûע⵽ǰ赲ԭͱĽһǰѹղסȡ
һʱ䣬˻ֳһƬһ
Ľ޵»ͷЦ
һ˶ꤾСߣô
滹һܵء뵽ֽպáʦǸĺöȷʵЧġ룬Щʧ˿Ķ㹻Ľһˡ
ˤڵصĽ꣬òȴֳ۾ǰ汼ȥ
ǰ棬Сֲ̫һȥ

չǾǡ
Ƿ˴¹ʣҵҲ̫ÿ
ղһƳУǰһĺ
Ľ޵ºСҲõ˵ĵط
СȻߵĲ඼˳Ҳ˷ֱܵл
ӣղŵһ˲̫ƯˡҴ֪ѵ˻һزүǲѣ֨ͼ˰
ȡ
ӰĽ޵¸ϽСߡ
ֻǣƵȻӹˣﴽĽ޵µϡ
СߣΪСڸϳأ
һ
С߸ϽȣǾүģҪ˵ѧϳүҪѧô죿
˼֣ûĹҼС߶ѧѽСţôأ
СĽ޵£ѾĸҰҳˣԺҲæ׷ҼС㡣
Ȼһ飬ЦӯӯĽ޵µϣ⺢ӡͻûһĵֿңʵһС
ȻĽ޵µıСߺ޲Ѫ
ġ
ЦԽŨУĽ޵Ͳӣٰ˳ɰӴǺ޲óѾӡҪ֪СǺںǵİΣġ˵¶
ЦȥͶСϡ
СԽĳء
С߿㣬 ˵ҾǲԸ۸˵ˡ
һֱǶţţ͹ôһˣɵȴС߸ˡҪ֪ЩСĺԽЦĺܳģһ˲䣬ڲ
ɶԺҲˣС㣬ԭҰɡ
СŰҲԽӢء
Ľ޵Ҳֱİһӡ
ȴЦתһߵĶûҪٹܹѽϾҲˣԼˡСߣǲҪҵĹܹˡ
СߺĽ޵Ķ
С㣬ǴˣĴˡðյ飬Ժϲˡ
˿ŵСĳ
һֱ£ϿԼ⡣ɺܶʱ򣬶ıȥʵǵĳɳȵĲСҪεĴڡСߣҪٵ顣һЩ飬ҪȥܳɳչҪ˳ġ
ģ˶ˡ
С㡭ֹ̧֣˻Ҫ˵ȥĻ
һû˵أһΣ¾ͼðȻ嶯һ㣬˶ûһɱԻˣԺô£ҵΪǴ˴¼ġϾ費١һūţСҲǱģ浱ʲôˣ飬һβѵΣ˼һظݡֻҪԼռ£ݺݻȥӦ飬հǰ˺󣬲Ǵжķ񡣡
һ˶ԽЩɬ
Ѯеҵֵһһ͸߹ǵ˶µͣԵҪһûʲô˸еģȥǵ顣ţСļõġ
⻰רŸԼ˵ģһ˲䣬ʧĽ޵£˾
ãҶСǰߵġЩ꣬ˡ
Ҫ˴ˣС߷ۣƤޣܵĸˡ
ӳ񶹸ƵСϣǰ͸ķɫᾲĽ޵Щ
⣬һһֱǰߵӰʱͻȻס



һʮ£Ǹͷ

˾һƳп۶ֱˡ
Ľ޵¸Ͻѽӷ£ھã㻹Ǹ鳵ﲻҪҿ羰ĺá
СôƯСľ˿ȥ
ЦһСЩʹĿԼСһԺ󶨻߳ȥġ
ձԼС㳤̫̫ˡ綼۾
һ磬߹ĵطȫѹȫơ޾ķաǣֵܵȴΪ
Сߣľͺˡʵνģ˵ˣϵˣһʦڣýãȱ𣿡
ƤһЦϻһǳɫĺۼȴ˿ӰԼ׿ķˡԭ续üۣһ̾ͷ·˹еɽˮ˲ȥ
ԵСߣҲãõġĽ޵ῴԼС㣬Ҳ԰Сߡ
˶벻⣬СҲںˡ
ˣǲ⣬һʲôˣҪԣҾ͸һ߶žͺá
Ľ޵̾һСߣЩ긺㣬㻹ӣӵܣҲڽһѧˡ
ʵСߵĲѧѧԺĺö˲
ֻΪūţԣѧԺҲĽѧ
Ҳ߬ȭͷһ㣬۵ĵط
СǰҲʧģ˵Ȼ
ͷ˾ͺáж˱һĲأйշţʵҲˡЩ꣬ǸŹ㣬СڵĲѧڸǹ㣬СҲȻڳ˵ʵļˡ
Ҫľ͸̾һϽơ
ţҪءӴѧԺſڿְ
ǰҲѧԺһʱġżѧԺҲһЩһĻ־ȴǴй
һ͸СһҲǡ
³ʱĽ޵»һ
㻹ǰСߴ߰ɣһͺáȴǹϾܾΪģطǺϤġ
ǱˣҲ⼸ҲŲǰѧԺ棬ұǻҪϤء
һ˵ֺٺٵЦˡ
ҲУԺǵΪһСŮźá
˵꣬Ľ޵С޹ǵСָȻǱСߵģ͵Ϊߺ
СţԽԽռϱˡ͵ĳ깫ӣСߺӴ
ѧԺ˸ضѳͣúĽ޵ºС³ȥ
ñں滺
ѧԺһεʢ£Ա̼ѧԺҲǾһЩʵĵطҲ˸Ŀı
ʲô
ܼ¼鱦޼̡
ĿĸɫҲǰЦѡѧԺϷǣҲˣҲ֪ҲõҪԺʱˡ
һ·ñŮкöǣСķ̫̫Ƕǰ
ǰ棬һʮĸˣǣһСָ˵ʲô
λˣЦŨ
ᱧС
С޳һ㿩Ц㡣
죬û뵽ƽôϳˣгء
С޵ģǵҪΪԼӵˡǸСȴӡ
ͿʱձһЩ㰡л֮ƽϲĺܣ춼߶ءһ֣֪ܲˡѾͷǰʱ˵˵¶
˵꣬˱´տ͸Ż죬üҲûз֮״ףȥ˰ա
ˣ˵Ĳ࣬˵ĽȴǼ˳˳ġ
ţúҪΪСˡ
չ黹ӦЩ⣬ü۾￪һȦЦݡʵҲõġ˶ƵĳǺ벻㡣ҲǳԸ
˵ôš벻ôǺ벻һġ
Īǿ󣬵ǣ飬Сźʱ侲ѽҲʧ̬ˣӲôֻϧ㣬չֻǸҡ
һ仰˲û˵
ȴ֪ĿϧǱ̨ʡ
ǰһִͦţġ룬ݣһӾͳԾĸġҲֻһݴԺͼɡ
֣룬áߣҴȥѧԺתһ¡ܰвٵնء
˵ţǰһȺʨƵΪ׵ʨͷͷʱǳһˣ



һʮ£˼ʾ

Сӿŵͦ˧ġƽʱҲûôѾͷϤ
üûǴ˾Ǹղ·ʱ˴һλ룬ȴѧԺٿ
Ǹղš·ϵʱ򣬲СĿһֻۡû뵽ʨӵͷ
Ŷ˰ɣȻ˽⣬Ҳ˵һЩʨӶӵ顣˵ʨӶҲŴġʨӿɺÿɶˡöʱԵʨӶӶұݵĶǸҡңշҲһã࣬ͼϲˡ˵ɣһӵˣЩǻġҳҲеλͷһʱ㲻֪ڿмתǾʵҲŽ˺üء
˵ҲȤſһӵʨӡ
ϾҲϼġ
ۡ
Уӵ˵ҲŵӺüءһһΣ淨ܵ˲ϼС
ȻûŽг۾ҲǵɵĴġ
ʱҲܿΪ׵ǸʨͷĹмΡ
ͼңҪôԾ
ɵģˣ˲ֳǵĻ
찡ʨͷ̫ˡ㿴ŵϰżӣζ
֪˼ҵˣ˵ҲԣȷʵǳļÿҲζΪʲôҳ٣еⷬ˵

ߣλһֱһλʨӶӳ
һ㣬Ҳһ
һȷʵеⷬˡ
üۿڱ֮ģܿͦıǣȴеŨü۲һˣԵôšǶϸϸдźˬ
Ҫģ˾ֻʨ̵һеҲ޷ԲĴڡ˫Լǿ۾ɨֱŵĴ
˳ĺÿһķ緶ңеⷬӢˣֻһͨʨӵĶӳô
갮˼һ̴ӳֿʼ˼
Ƕ̫ˣҲûע
ǡʱǸͷͻȻ̧
ڿʱ˫ͫͻȻ䱬˷ܵĹâ
ҵˡ㡣
һ˲䣬дŨŨ仰
̫ǿţͻȻѹ
תٿ֡ˣȻֻǸͷģֱϣȴǲҪǵĺáĳˡ
˱ۣŷ֣ǸͬռˣûջӰԭԲƵˣǳˡǲںİ
һ̣е㯣Ϊλڲ䣬Ľ
ϲ޷ƿصĸоŬһи˼롣
߹أһʤ̹ǸԡѪսͷڴ¿ʱ򣬱㱻ΨһһλŮʾˡ
ġ죬ҳ˼ʽǧӳĽʾá
𣬺ģǧɵƯ
סƺû뵽ǧڵ˵󰮡ӹ˼֡
ǣǰûзȴӡԼĻ˼
ҳ˼ĻҲζţӴԺҳ˼ˡλǶļ֤ˡ
Զϳ½źЦΪΡ
һߵļλЦŴȤϽϹŮҲǸ˲Űһ־Ͳ˵ˡڸǸǰʾһĹҿɲ
øλЦˡϽҲεĺġŮ̫ܸɣ̫ӲڣҲĽ
Ϊ˹ŮҲ˽һλʵЩ洫Եķ׷λĽݸʧٵүôһָΪжϳµŮҲġϾΪ˶Ʒһص棬֪ж˻ᶢҪءԣ£ȻЩˣϵҲûֹ
ʵҲǿĽ
ϽݹЩı֣䰡ҪģһϹͷֱֻ֪ײ
˰ıĴڣֻҪʱգĳɾͣǰ;
һֱϳ½ߵĹٳ̾
ϳ½˼
Ľ޵µ񣬸⡣
ţ⺢ӣȷʵǰ;ģҪλӷֲźá
ٺõ˲ţҲЩŲСȻٶĹͣˣҲȻ޷ͷЩ꣬Ľ֮Իһ·ƽȥʵҲĹûйء
Ȼˣв˵һǧ˰ٻеġ⣬ʵ
ף½ҹﱻ˴ءʱ˿˼ﱻĽǿдߡ



һʮ£з

ϽȥֻԼҹﱻĽקסԶƧһЩĵطȥüͲһ¡Ҫ˵󵨵оbһˣҲЩѽܵġ Ҳ֪Ľƻ᲻ܹ󵨵ľֹ
ϵǿĿĺܡ
Ͻ̫һСҲˡһֱйȫģƽʱݹҲദļãҲˡ
һλҲŸͣ԰С²ˡ˵ˣݹҲıȫˣĻв׵İ
⼸һ˵½ҲԼˡ
ݣء
˼ﱻק󣬾ЦŴȤĽơ
㡭ĽƵ˵ŮˣȵɫԽĮʹң
飬ϲͺˣΪʲôҪأ˵ˣôѵϲô
˼ﲻ⡣ҵּǣϲľһҪȥ׷ȻԼͽôСݣҽһ˾ǣҵ֮⳯ĽְȨġңʱǽˣҷˣо̣ʱһЩ绨ѩ£кβף
˼ЩνĴСǣһֻ֪Ǵ
ҪˣԼȡҪȨƣԼȥıҪĶˣԼȥ
ĽƽŮˣ˫˵۾ĪľЩ
ֻ˼ҿ£һҸġЩ˸ȻǱģôȢɵɵŮˣҲġ
˼￴ˣ̬Ҳźת
ǳΪĴ󽫾ʱ£ʲô˺ΪǵġȻҵ˳⡣
⻰ɹĽİصҰġ
һЦٿǰŮʱ;˳ࡣ
˼ҷĻ˵ļãֻҪȨγԵء
ҰĲӣ˼⼫ˡǰݣϲҰĵӡΪж͵ΪҴ㣬ġ
Ľƽһ£̧֣ţŮˣҲ͡
һ̳ڰ鵱еĳ˼ûע⵽˵͡ǰϲ
ѧԺ
һ̫ˣλ˧ˡҿôûһôݵġ
ǻ˵ôһ˼ϵӣ־̾ϲŽбݡСǳĿ
СɽӰ
Сûпɽˣ
űСιһء𣬱ָָߵĵط
ղҳɽǰȥˣ㿴ȥ˶࣬Ҳһҵĵ
ͷϽȥ
ߵԺȥ
һĵһԣӦһԺеġ
С˵ˣһεıԣҵıԡֱԣҲǼԵİɡɫһҲǰġ
뵽ĽŲˡ
֤ͨſڵ˼һŸӡµԽ롣ֱԣǷǰԺԺԼĺԺۿġ
ǰλãǮҲһ򵽵λáֻв°ٸϯλ
λǸһЩ󸻹˼׼ģֻҪǮ۸߱ԵõλãЩǮϲֵŵˡ棬ҪǰļŲпܡģҲֻһЩˡ
һĹ뿨ҲĽ޵¸ġǲμӱԵˣҲһ˶СƽʱӵӵеġȻĽ޵ڵҪţҲڻµġ
Զһĵط˸λúȻֱݡ
һźλãһ˺öʱŵõء
Ҳǣ˺öôҸ磬æһλá㲻Ҳǳλǰİɣ
ٺ٣ǳԷɽǰѵͲܣ
ԷɽӣôôİһôԷƺšѵ˵СѧԺһţ
˼΢
Щ꣬ԷɽӵļܣԽء˵֣黭Щ棬ǿء
ǻ˵ôҼλѧԺ飬ĲѧԺǣλԷɽӰ˵ļλǼнġƽʱԷɽӵ¿Ǽ͵İˣɲܶװ˵ΪֹһλԷɽӶءҪģĽݸ棬ôӡǰЩ꣬һֱǷ״̬
Ȼ⼸˵Сšҡͷ룬СҲ˼˰˶Ҫģӵô׷ߡ
ĪģзɵĴ



һʮ£еΨ

ڽеһαԣԱϳ
ҽźŵˣϳࡣѧԺҲرĶ̫࣬࣬Ҳñʶһγѡ趨ǶʮԱм忼ԡϳԱȻвˣĽ޵£Ҳ֪һӡ
Ȼƽʱֵ֪ĲǵһûɵĽˡ
Ŵ̨Ӣꡣ
һɫһͷкµĺɫɢڼտڵӣˮһʱʡ΢һ˲䣬ϣĶЩʵ
찡ܿ˷ɵԷɽӣķˡ
λĹһη˾̾
͵͵ЦԭСˣĳɳء
ڳѰգҵӰʱźۼﴽ
ôԷɽԳЦô϶ڶЦˡ
ɣңôΪʲôҲãƯĹﾪ̾ƺҸ̫졣
ѵ˵ԷɽӻֹЦô˵⻰΢ֵĹЩɨˡ֪ҵԷɽģҲӦǰʰֻһۣҲĸˡԷɽġЩռԷɽӵеϢҲֵõġĹעһۡ
ĨԭСУȻڲ֪УԵ˶֪Ůɼɫġ
һְʮ˺ţʮһš
Ľ޵ȥʱסû뵽Сŵһˡ
һ¿ɾͲ̫Ҫ֪һϣһ˵̫顣ɼһԣҲû˭ˡ
Ľ޵ŵȻЦʱȻΪλ㻼ûʧءʵСŵѹɵġ
ѽԷɽôǵһϰЩǩ᲻󰡣һԷɽӿɲӴ
㽹ʲôԷɽܵĴڣڣܳ¶ġ㰡ͷſĿԾˡ
İԵͷλֹﵽеء
𡣳ϵˣͬӡͨһһ״ڻƼ򵥣ҪݳһҲǲ׵ġϾ֣Ҳܴ˵۽磬٣ԼƷ֮ġ֪Ҳ˵һӣҲһ˵ļԡĲãһ׼ͨӡǼĺˣһ׼õֵ
ұߣһλڸԼ˽һӵҲȤ
һʱˣΪλӻ˵ЩӣǼ˵ġ
ΪൽһʱеǽˣЩҡһˣᱻ˵˻ơ
һѡћȥ
󣬼ܲĲҽģҲԽԽ١һСʱ򣬺ö˶ϢЩҡ
˵ĸˡǵĲãкЩ˻Ҷζϡ

˵䣬һҶˡ
ĬȻ˸뿪ͷβмһϮ£۾ġ
Ŵݵţҡ
ϱڵЩ۾ͶԶܰС
Ҳ۾Сŵ黳
ڤУ·𿴼һԵ衣ͣһǧϵŮϣԶһ꣬Ц
긩Ů˲䣬ܷ·𻨿Ƿ׷衣
ЩƮĻ꣬һһĻ㣬͵磬ͷ׵ĺ

һ΢Ķ
лóе˶ȫѹö˶ųϺλ۾𾪲ѡ
žžžž
գͷơ
ãֻһ׺ͨݴʣȴݳ侳ʵ࣬һҪҵİֱӽء
λ̫ˣľҪ֪ڵһصʱ򣬾ֱӽأǲܷ顣Ȼ쳡ϵһλ꣬ǰ쵽ˡ
£˻𾪵С
ЩδĹǣǼѡڷһ˻ֹ
ΪʲôҪһ룬ôĳͲٶһ̫ˣҲǸŮôĻ棬Ҳܱ̫ˡ
ǰҲǳ棬ԸôΨ⾳ʲôĳ黳ĳҺǸеĹôľôôܵӵϲ
ͱˣǹ˵ıְңıء
ԣǿʲôҵ찡ôһƬ
ǡʱ˼г



һʮһ£֮

˸ſȥ㿴ĵһĻ
һȺɫĺԶ
һȺƺѰʲôΪѰɢһزòɢȥȻЩûվۺһ𣬵һĻӴľҲڳ˳Ĭ˺ð죬˴̾
ҳһӣû˵ʢ죬ǿ۽˰
˵⻰ѧԺһλϷӡ
ǴѧԺĵһڿʼڵϷӣҲʮ˶˸̾飬Ҳ̫ࡣ
Զǲۿһˣ˵֮󣬲˶ڴض㡣
ǰ˵ͷȵƱţ̫ˣûԸǮԸǮ
кβɵģԷɽӵԣǻлȥհķɰ
ʵ˵䲻ģһ˳ɫıݣҲһֵıˡıԣʱȣٲ˵ĳɫѽ
⻰ģ棬ݳһԻءϾ飬ʱУҲʱضгɫĸоġ
Ҳ֪λԷɽܰ˶һλڤ볡Уһģ˸̾ѻ棬ңҲ벻ϰֻصʱĴء
Ϊһԣһβ˾ȻҲʱĳ
һܹ۲죬ȫֵһٸߵ¥档
λ˴ʱȫĬѡ
ǾöԼͽǺ˽ˡ
ǣȴ֣˽ģҲǱɽһǡ
գʦ̾
ӣΪʲôǻἯͬΪͽˡǱȷʵ޵ġ˵óİɡȻʱᵯൽһزģ
ʦһУþûزʱϴĻҲֻǰֱ島˳䣬һλ̾һ
ò˵⺢ӵĳһƬڽɼһ߰Ψ˵ĳ黳İ飬ϵĸΪܵĹ裬Բһذɡ飬ȻΰҲ˵С
С
ʶӼλߵĳܸоеֵֹġ
Ȼȴû˻ʱЦ
İûеõְʱ򣬻ǱˡҲһһ˼˼׳һײһأ
Ҳɡ
ĵһ仰ȴ۾৵ؾˡ
ȥչһӡ
˴뿪󣬴ʦ̾һζҲид
ɱ䣬ǸлǺӵ֮ˡ
һߣ紺һֱڳĬһĳҲǼġ뿪þã۾Щ㯿Ŵ⡣
ҵ껹ȱɣȻôݲءҿҵİϧһֱɣŲòת˻ġ
죬ĵ
ĳҲС
뵽紺Ҳ߳ӡǴʦĽ޵İŵǸνѾͷʱһα㺡
ߣǵͽȥҵҪһƣѾͷǺηֵǼͽôϸȥġһаˣϾ˳ɫĺӣ
ǿ˵ģ޷ǾƤ໹в˼֮ġ
ǣһүѾͷôҲھͳɫ˳԰ɡ
ѹأ⼸λ˶Ҫ顣
ϴһߺȡ
϶⼸ŵģ͸ߺҪһȥ
Ľ޵µı˺Ҳû˼ͣԭء
ʱֻ뿪СһִֿºԶĽ޵վںߣСĵ
ƾ˵ͨţСġ
ֻǣ߳ݲԶתʱһײϡ
˼
ͷǫ
ǣȴһס
㣬ǸĹ
̧ͷҴһƳУþƼλͷ
ʩһ񣬹ӣ˼ˡ
ʩУȴһקס
֡
һ⣬ɽ֡
˵
Ų΢͡

ˣ
ˡ
ɽŵ֮š
һλ֮һţ˵һаá
ȫ类ʲôһ
ף˾Ȼи׵Ϣ
ѹһƽʩһ񣬡л㡣
ι㲻һЩԵģ磬ôʶģôŵģôᡭ
ɽã̫Źˡ
Ȼñƾ˫տˮܿ˵ޡ
ֻǣ̫侲еǲʳ˼̻һ



һʮ£ʦһԵ

̧ͷƳһֻۣ˺Цĺܡ
ҡͷ뿪
֮ڱ˶ŵ˲䣬ȻһֺǱĸо
ȵ뿪ͷ֣ˣҲھôġûðΪλᱻһƣͻñ˵Цˣѵʴ˻
һֱһȺ棬Ҳǳɫ쵼һĴڡ
ˣûڵʱ򣬾֪ĵ뷨ȻղţλžĹȻԼǰ¿Ĵ
ѹֻʦˣˣʦ˼Ҫĳ
תƵȻ뿪񣬱ƽȴǻޱȵġ
֮⣬ǲֻ֪ʳԺҲûҪ˽ˡ
Ͼһ飬Ŷ
֪һЩԵأ
Ը׵ԸҲֻ˵һЩõ顣һЩõ飬粻ʡ
ʱ֪˼ãһ䰲ã㹻
ϸڣҪҪǱ˴˻š
Ǵ鵽ϣǸµıӰﴽ
ϣ˿ᴹ
һϮµ걳Ӷվ½һ˲䣬ȻҪ˷Ĵֱƺܵĵഥ
ڵЦ⣬ﴽ
һȴȵĽŲ˼
Խȥֶഥ˲䣬Ц֪
һֱ֪Ҳ磬Ҳ˽һӱܣ㣬ĲԣݣҲԸȴֱһ̣ü۸ͣһ˫ڵ⡣
һĺϢЩ̧̣ͷ֮Ӧһš
ĻӦĽ޵µĽŲһͣͻȻЦǣԸˣ
֡󣬻ӭεۣ΢΢ס
ԺҾͿһֱǣ֣һֱϷ羰ǳֻ룬;һж̫ġ
Ҳ̫á
ᵽĿ֣һв̫ϲҲĪȾ
ǣС֣һźǰߡּ䣬۽СƯЩߵۣԿأȻӡһǡ
Ȼֻǵ㵽Ϊֹһǣȴ춨˵ꡣ

§˶Ľ޵º޲ðൽԼĹȥ
ˣġ
棬ҪӵġȻںöڿʲôģȻչ档
֪С㺦ߣĽ޵Ҳ͵㵽Ϊֹ
һٵĵطţȥˡ
ϻϱߣ羰һжĲʵ
תһѧԺ׼ȥҵطʳʱȴ˴ʦˡ
ʦ
ԵĶʦˣĽ޵¿ຮֻСһİڿɺãʦˣȻҪСӴһ
ʦСӵɫͲˡ
˵Сӣɫ˭ѲɣǾͲѾͷˡ
΢Цʩһ
ʦ
ʦЩ㶣ŹֿĽ޵ϡ
˵ң
ѹɤͷˣ
Ľ޵ҡͷЦļ˵ģҼܴϻ۰ôͲء
ǺǣʲôĴڡͽܾ̫ʡˡ
ȴʱȻӹʦ˵Сž̫ҵˡʵҲֻڶķеһԱôðҵһĿıα֮ģǲһԼĶλء
ĽͣȴĴʦһ㶡ЦԼͽܵļ򡣡û˵ˣҪٰ׼ɡʱɲɣⷲҲûǻҿҪδ
Ľ޵νĺܣαҲɣµˣҲķˡ
ŽĶʦĿһյͽܰ
֮⣬ͽ̫ˡ
ʦӽϴתһһӵĴһҲӳվǶɫġ
΢΢ףǰе㲻⣬ΪСŻῴһѾͷţСݡҪģȣ·緶۷ˡҪģΪǺ̫ڿ顣԰㵱Ψһ˰ա
һֱȻ⻰ʱɫ΢䡣ʩһ񡣡ʦ˵ǡǰһֱԥǾСŰҵΨһһĴڡҪһˣһ׵ܡ



һʮ£ϰ

˿ʦĶԻԶ
Ľ޵£𶯲ѡ
ţҪңҲԥġڿԷˣСǰ㵱Ψһˣ㵱Ψһİˡ⺢ӣ̫
һΣţˡ
ҪԼںС㣬νĽ޵¡⻰˿
ʦĻһء
ʦǺˬһЦûŮ˼ĻʱţѾͷҲмֻ龢
ʦǿһʦܽᣬӣСѾͷҲƵ黳ҵǾÿһʡѹֻ˴֪Է顣СѾͷƽʱ磬й¶İɡ
΢΢һЦְ̧Ѵŵñȡתǹϼյ衣
һһ˸λ
һлλʦЩСŵĹաлܸСһʵͯꡣлܲһлԺ󻹻֧ǡ
۵ֳһק
ĪĵлСѾͷƬŵĺܡǼ϶һֱСŵԼһ㿴ҸǼҲſĵġ
ʦ廰ɲôǰǻôСţǱɫˡ֪ϣȻŮƯ绨Ӵ֪Щˣ̸ֻ£֮ģȴԲˡ
лʦĿ佱ѾͷԭͲ֮ġ
ģԶڵ
Ǻǣǣ̫ˡ
ʵλʦĽӴࡣȻ뿪ʱȴĽ޵˵һ䡣Сӻе۹ġǶǰײˡ
λʦߣĽ޵ЩСԹʦǾǰҵɺһĿʵҲûôİ
ҲֻԸ㡣ĻԶôᣬȴ˷áĵ۾Ƴ㣬ȴеԹʧĽ޵µǱʱ
˿ţһҾҪȥμһĿյĳѡҪȥ
һεգҪ鷳һЩѡʱ򣬺Ҫһֲȱ̸ȫô̫ġμӵ˻šǣΧ۵ȴ̫ġ
ȥ㡣
һԭӦӣĽ޵¿ĵС
֪ˣҼģһѡ񣬾ͻ˼ɸһͬġ
Сһˡһ˾һǰߣϲ׵ĻһŵΣĵС
ɵЦǰá
΢΢üЩ
ǣĽ޵ȴǱﲻסĿľ
С㲻֪һ𣬾ǻĪúÿĺÿĵġһεöˡΪƸǲ̫ˡ
ѵʱڶȥˡ⣬ĸ鱨ҵеĲࡣ
ٶԲסô
㿪ľͺá
ƫͷûоܾ˵ĺ⡣
ʱ˵飬ȫζľܾġ
Ͼ黳ҲҪ֤һġһϣĺܡ
չûȥĳɣΪӾѾͷǸõģҲԼ˵һѶˡ
԰ʱӾžʳУһȾʡ٣ҴǡĽ޵ȻҲЩźҲһЦʦĪ۸ԼС󣬱תȥμӿȥˡ
տʼʱ򣬻ֻʦһȾ֮ġҲ֪˭Ϣ͸¶˴ʦʦһҲž
Ҫһʱ䣬ߣһô̺ˡǰһ޵ʦ̺أԻܴӦλߵΪѡ
Ѿͷ˵ӦôŮ˾Ǻжɷء
ضʦҾãģǼõġǿ֮
ţеˡʦȵЩ졣
ҡͷԭһѾͷĽ޵µġڱ϶ϴһͣôԵĿˣ˼СѾͷĻܲ
ڣѾͷƺҲûвõı֣ңӦһӡ
ԽӾԽ⡣
Ѿͷ۱ͷӵ߶߶̸ġ
һΣӻ治ٿˣֻһЩʱ£һЩ̸ۡʵЩͨĻ⣬˻вٵĹͬһȻ٣ȴҲ˵ĺǶԿζӲź
˵һλʦƽɽģ
΢΢һЦǵģЩһֱһʦʦҲϰҽʦˡ



һʮ£Ȩƽ֮

ĴģЦ
㡭Ѿͷˣ˼Ұϳͽܵġ
ЦţҲɣһʦΪģǲԸ⣬ôôһֱҽлء
ȥˣЦֱӡ
úãԭϻµġѾͷһֱӣһΪֲʳ˼̻˶ءŰһŮƤҵ˰
ǺӡʦѾͷһֱ˵ӡɣҲǸαɰ
źİٶȿЦ
һǣʦͶʦȵκˡ˾͵ǰ󰣬˵Ǻɫǵ˵ɫġɫʲôˣ
ԣǻɫˣôأһֻ󰰡Ϊʲôһƣһɫأ
˾ɫһֱ۲ݣ۲£Ѿͷ˵˵ʲôɫ
˴㲻˵ͱߵӣǰһѽӹӡһֻɫĴڣֻҪǺɫʲôɫ
ĿɿڴУӷӸǰʦ㱣һ
ӿ˴㶵ˣֹЦ
ļ򣬡ѾͷѾͷҲ̫һЩˣ϶װȥѾͷǣңҲῴˡ
˶뿪һƨɵϡλʦװɵʵҲǴĵ˵ġǸղвֻ£ͻСһˡ
һ˰СҲѶϲŻŵġȻôΪСŰ˵һء
߳ݵϹ֣ϴ϶ҲָǰƽЩƿӡѾͷôôŹأļðôһ˿ҲҰ
￴ˡ
ЩͨĿ鷨ԺҲֻһЩ7ͨ˰ˡСϵŮˣǸͨŮˣѾͷȷʵǻĹˡֻǣĹ޵ˣҲɻǱ۸˵ģҲеġСвԺ˵ӿǰ
Ӿˡ
У飬ǣ顣飬Ժ޸á
˹ģСѡǵľűáʦչǸˣİˡ
ʵҲ֪Լ̫࣬ϴһ˵ҲȻ
Ҳԣչǲ̫ˡСѾͷݣڻѿĺģǵͽܣôҲȢһݲ˰ɡȥѲСԺҪȢ޲ɣ
һ⣬˶üѡ
°ɣЩ϶λҲǲܳɵġֻһݶѡֻǣΪŴˣԺôɳڿƼҶƽ˵ǹа׹вٵ̽ǹһƺѰһʲôˡǰʱ䣬ͽܴѩ֮۴ЩǾ治ãЩǹа׹˴Īĸϵô
һᣬҲĬˡ
ǰ죬Ľ޵´ͻȻͳһЩǺıЩҩϲҪָ֪ɽϲеҩǸ߼Ҳ󲻵õġ
Ǵȴͽܵһķϡļӣɽѩ˿նһĶԱġ
ͽܶЩϹͷ˵ĺãкöǣǣҲͶ¶ˡҲԭ򣬲ŵ˽λʦһҪƷԵһ粨
գĽ޵µıֲǰôı̬һУȴһûкۿ
ҹϹС
ֻ۵ĽϾ͵õ˽ϸĹ̡
˵˵ٵʱ򣬻ĺȥ
ǰǰJٿú֮裬ūŻأǽĿһĻûƼһ˲䣬ѹѹڳ˶ɵˡ
治һӣҲ붯ﶼﵽزǺˣθģ
СӸϽԼϢ㱨
ū˴ˣǰ죬үʱһλƽһλ
ƽĶӣ˾ƽʱüɫ΢΢Щá
Щ꣬ƽƺԽԽˣ󵽣ҲЩĿ˵ĵزң˵⼸ظ󣬸£һЩ͢󳼡ȥҪɣλƽǸʲô뷨ˡ
ϣƽӣһֱһ߶ġūŵǾãúˣҲһѺýҲδɰ



һʮ£ϲѸƽ

˾΢΢ͷСӰҲԽѧȨƽһѽЩ꿴Ҳˡ
ǺǣҲǻ̵ĺð
ƽ̬֮̽ⰲƽǲĽ޵ദĲáˣǵбҪһһλóĵӰ
ǰ˾Ҳ˵һĽ޵µ顣Ϊ˾಻ôһˣһκĻ佱һСӣԼһ˵ֻѾͷƬĴڡˣҲڵʱ˾ƵĹע
ʱѧԺ䶯ˣȻĽ޵ʱͲòעһЩˡ
ػˣūŻʱ򣬾ȥ̽ˡ
˾һλ̫࣬ЩԽˡ
ΪǣūŵĿġ
̫࣬Խ˵ˡȻ֪⻰ٳɷ־Ӷ࣬ϻǱɹ˵Ŀѡ
ȥ̽š
ˣϣһ̽õʱ򣬷ʨӵˣҲһβһĴڡһ˿ǻṦҲѵصˡҲ֪һǺδˣ
˾ɫ΢
£ȥ̽šվʱ򣬸ްżλá
νİλãʵҲǰһʱ䡣΢ݡҪȥѧԺ˲ء͢Ŀ˲ţҲԽˡҪģġҲǲѰ
ǡ
һ󣬵ڶ죬͵õһϢ
ƽүҪȢµİƽˡ
һʱɫ΢䣬Сš
ʱ򣬰ƽҪȢˡôƽ˻ô
òŮˣҪȢףֻ»ʹ˳ġ
ͬģһϣĽ޵С˵ƽھҪȢλгϢʱҲɫ΢䣬㶪ĳʳ
ߣȥƽˡ
ǸŮȻһֱҲһЩСơЩķ֮£ʵƽĻһλϵĸ׵ĳʵҲ޹һεĸˡֻ޳ȥһ꣬عѻ˿
ܱƽүٿϣңƸΪĺүˡΪһλһĸˡ
ûôṴþò׵İƽүȢΪ޵ġ
̫ʱȢ˵չǲ顣
һ죬ƽ֮⣬ڣжզһϢʱҲԭ򲻵
ôȢһ븮ôһλߵҪǲõġϾݵλ̫ߣǰģҲҪ
һôҲ
ˡ
Ƕˣǲõĺܡ
үҲǹ˼ģǰһϢҲ͸¶ġͻȻ˵Ҫ׾ͶסңӣҪѻҲٵĴá棬Īкβ֮ա
үȻƽʱԣ˵ҪȢһݵλĴɩҲķꡣ
ͱЩ¶뷨ӣȥϲһλ˴ùϵա˭ûãֻϴء
ĸҸоϴвܣҲƷζҲòϣ£ķ⣬ҲȫҪϴ֧ŵ
꣬ϴ⸮аͽԱǰЩࡣȥ¶ҲҪ˳Ķࡣ
ֻǣһݸߵɩӣоǲȴֲò档ζһֱԸĶүҲĲζġ
˿Ʋ죬ȥ˺ү
ŵ㿴һȺūҴææȥ
죬ҩɨҩ
ĸֻüɫ΢
⸮ƼƽˣǰһֱүߵŮ˶Ƕµġ˵껹Ҫǿºӣ˭֪ûˣԼȴ˸һ壬ԽĲˡǺүҪȢҵϢôƽô
һ£ϸʣ˶󵽣ƽ˴ʱǸʲôӡȻߵȥһ㱨ϢҲЦѡ
ƽүҪ·˺󣬱˿ںѪҲǻԲѡү߸Ůڶƽ˸ǰ̺š
˦˦ӣ裬ȥҼһ˲ƽһЩΣˡȥա
ʵһһֱλݵƽޣΪˣҲûҪȥעġһӶ˻Ҫġչ飬»жŮġ
ﴫһѹֵĿ
۾
ãȥˡûѽ
ûţһ
ҡͷ
չǸûİֻϧӴԺԼĶŮ
Цɨһ߹ŵģү߸Ů



һʮ£Ϊʲôȥ

ԺүҪִЩǰϲˡƽʱȥˣɫ΢
£ĪҪţٷɥ
ϲӣȴһŮˡ£˵ǻĺܡ
ŭյĺүûתȥΪŮƽޡǼִ֮١
ƽ˵ԺĽʹź֪֣׵ҲҲʱȻѣԭĸ׵ıӻҪԳһƬ
ٳһ۲ԶڹĨĽԷͻȻúֱðĸΪึ֮࣬ˣҲûܻ׹ע
Щôڸ׸صĶŮ?
ԭ,,һֱҪ,ǸĮ,ûмеˡԣ֪顣ĸʱҪµˣֵÿҪˡ
ĽԷһЩҲԼĸ׻
үأЩūţûȥ֪ͨү𣿡
ĽԷŭ
ƽʱΪƽ˳谮ŮƢڼﻹЩġ
λվǶ֧˵Ҳûֻ֪ͨǣүһֱ͡һλˡүֻ飬ײˡԡһֱ
ʱִбͣ˵ЦɣΪô࣬
ĽԷҪȥаƽүȴĽһקסžԺȥˡ
磬ΪʲôҪңҲ۵ˣôܷ󣬻һֱλˡⲻǵĵҪȥ˵ûˣûѽ
ԶԹĽ޵ҡͷ
үǸʲôˣǿһ߰
Էôȥҵ㲻
ĽԷ쳣侲ĸ磬ЩĪη壬޿˵ķŭȥˣûѽһֱﶼΪŮԷһλﶼûпġûˣѵӦȥ𣿡
ĽЦԷ̫ˡһֱƴҪӣΪʲô
ΪʲôĽԷЩңܾã³һЩӴҲĻ
ԷˡǰﶥţǻšҲֻĸáҪĺӣҲֻҪĵλ̡ǣȴһֱһ⣬үһˣһûĵ˺ǡٶĺӣںʵʱ򣬺үҪȢ˻ǻȢġһĴ󡣶ڣǲٷĴ󡭡
ĽԷʹҡͷ磬˵ʲôΪʲô
Ҫ㣬ԺүСδ˵ԹޣǺãֺĸһֺǡδ޵ĺãҲһδȻܻԷλһ
Էһλ
ĽԷ뵽Щģ˵ġһֱԷһλǷġ
ֻ˼ԭ⣬Ҳҡ
ܻĽ޵
һ̣ĽԷڲһֱ谮ˣҪĽ޵Բܡ
磬ңҰ첻
Ľ侲߬󡣡첻ҲҪ쵽кޣԹҲšֻеȵԺԼļңԼˣܰЩ۸˲ڽŵסԷ㲻Сˣ粻һչ㡣кö飬𣬱ҪԼȻĺ󳾾ǵδ
˵⻰ʱĽҲǻһƬ
ǰ˾ƽӢǸ޴ıŮˡ
Ȼڣˡ
һ޴ŮˣһӾͱ˺ɫ
ԭһֱǸ޴Ůˣصķʽòܵ˺
ѹ㲻ȡĽԷԻûнһʵ
ҲҪȥҵ
Ľ껹ûӦʱĽԷͳִп˵ĵطȥˡ
ġƾʲôôЩķ˰⸮ҲûԵķˣ˵ĵλߵİ
һߣС˿ĽԷȥˣЩΪѿĽꡣ
үҪС
Ľ۾ʱͱĮĺܡ
ˣһЩͷֻ£ԺӣóԸĿġ
Щ飬һЩʶҲǺ¶
ĽԷ߲ѡףôĮ鵽زҪ
һֱûйİΪʲôҪ˶Դ
Ϳ˳Ľɽʱ˵һЩ¡
˵Ĵ
ĽԷȴ˹
ûˣôȥ
Ľɽզ⻰һˡ



һʮ£ҹ

󣬻Щκ⻰ҲǴһ
Ľϵܰûˣ
Ľɽɫˡ
ݺݵһԼŮٻ֣Ǵķӣ˵˵ǶС㷢裬Ҳʧķ˲ɡ˸ȥ
λӹһҲǰҿ˵ˣүҪȢ·ˡ⸮һֱҲзĴڰɡСҲӴģȻ͵˷֢̾ɱ
ĽԷĻҲ˵ˡ
Էôԡ
С㣬ȥŰɡ˵˵ǰ
֣Ҫ˵Ͻ˸ʾǰһѽӵȥ
Св͵š
ԷС㣬ӴԺ¾Ҫ˵вСˡ
õϢĽ꣬ԴһϢ󣬾ȫڷСһҹôŮɫȻһѾͷ§ڱһҹ
Ľ޵»صԷȴյΪƵķ

Ľ޵㳤̾
Ī£ǻһµĸôٲǰСţڵСţɲ׾Ϳˡ
Ľ޵΢΢һ٣տڵǰˡȻ̾ɲԲҪôϻۣΪԼҲεļõġǰѭεӡ
˵ǣϵǳЦ¶ĵĿġ
Ͼ˶С˽
һġ
ôҪ뿪Ľ޵㲻ᡣ
һ
Թģ񣬿Ķ顣ǿվˣ㻹ǸϽϢɡ𣬽죬ҪһЩˡչ飬ƽҲЩϵĸס
²ģĴ˼ңƽ˵ȥǻһġ䣬ĽɽƽȥЩǵľֹֻ£ºƽ˵͵¡
ҲᣬǰʾһĽ꣬ԼĽԷĹذġϾǿǷƽˡ
߻ȥ·ϣһֱ˼⡣λĳĸҲ̫áõģ󣬰ȥ
⸮棬һֱҪϺүҵŮ˿ɲ١ЩС֮ģĸšǺүǣҲФҪĸλáչ飬Ǻ򸮰
뵽һתֱ÷סȥ
ҪĽɽ÷ÿ»ǻմһ¶ġһ㣬ǰ񻹾ЩơϾ÷ֻһﰡ
ģҲЩ
÷ֻӽĽ޵յǾλ֮꣬Ի÷߶ҲȫΪһλФĽ޵µĸ
һλ̵ģڸǰˡ
⸮˺ǣȴֻһλƫƫ˶ƭĽɽƭֻԼǺһλġƽԿһܾ࣬ɧĽ޵¡ȴҲ׽ʵϣ׽Ľ޵£ǰҲܵϺˡ
һ鶼úҲ÷ס
ǼĳҲˣ÷ҲûЩҰĲ
ԣڿҹʱҲǺݳһ
ҹЩ˯žǰ߶Ī֡
÷￴õĲٿһһߵǳ˺ۣЩ֣Ҳ˷ءõɫǵӣҲΪء
񵭵һЦһƤˡ
ɫ˵ĸˣֻ֪עһЩԵɫѹЩһֱʧܣҲԵĻĸȣ÷ĸҪһġ
߶ŵģҲ˯žʱ軹СѾͷءˣ˾һ
÷Ҳȫɫ˵ģֻǶݵϧ󣬱ԸİѾͷǣǶȥ˯գѾͷҹ̸һ
Ų裬һһЩԵġ
ȵȷʱŴ˻⡣
δĺү˼û뷨ô
ᵽ¶÷Ҳ
ǰʵҲҸ˵顣ǰֻƽڵʱ򣬺ү¶մһϳ˵ǸܡǿƵŮˡ
ǿƵģȨƵŮˣһĸ˵ȷ̫õ顣
Ҫô
񲻶ɫû͸¶Լ뷨
÷￴һͷֲʾԵˡҲǼˣѾͷЩһֱں棬Ǻ򣬵Խ
һô÷Ļû˵꣬ҡͷ
һ£Ǵǻ÷ҲеѽȥѾͷǣҹĿ࿴ˡĲ֪Ҫβܴ飿



һʮ£÷Ĳ

÷⻰ǲλ˽ǣȴ޼ƿʩ
ʵĻˡô㲻һֱҪôλҵĸôһΣ²Ļˡ
÷Ѿͷʯ쾪һ仰ŵ¿ȷﲻԵĶĿѹɤ
Ѿͷ˰ɡôҶˣҪǸҰ
ǲҪүķˡֻǣƽͻŮˣҲϡһ⸮һֱкλλءһ㣬÷ﻹе֪֮
Щ飬Щø롣Ҫλһһֻ˿ôһѡǰѾͷһֱ㲢û̫ĻᡣϾƽ˶λοأ
Ȼ棬÷ﻹѾͷҾǰҲǵһһĴڡ
񵭵һЦѾͷʵʵ˵˶һҲġĻˡҪ֪Ǹǰ
һ仰νǻأ÷ԭû̫뷨ġʱȴü˼
˼˵󡭡ǲʺ˼ѵ˵λǸܲˣѾͷô˵Ļ
ףֻ˵ռ˽⵽Ϣֻ˵һλҲֻܻһĶ衣չ飬үģǲ
÷Ȼǲ⣬ȴҲɹ̼Ұġ
˼Ҫֻһʱ䣬һǵȵġ
Ҫǰôģڻôġ˺ǣʱ̰ǿ󣬷˸ϧ̫࣬˾;ãŮԵˣû̫ںү粨˵͵£ܸɵŮˣǿɹĺܡүЩˣǵĹͬ㡣үΪλôԺ󣬻ͬʱ򣬿һЩʧ̬ı֡Щٶ֢ҩأ󣬿ֵĺүˣĴʱ
⻰νһӾͻ÷ķ
һֱö˵һ顣ǺүʵֻǰԼ
һʣҲεĺܡ
Щÿ»һüĶ衣˭֪үһʱ᲻һֱŭءкüҹΪԼᱻǸĥȥ
ڣͦ˹ʣ޿κΡ
һֱ˵ƫƫѾͷȴһС
ǿ˿
ѾͷҶˡһǸ˵߶ġ
ǰү˺ǡ
ȻˣǣȴɹǸϵİ
ǰǿһĻģֻȴһֱԸϡ
Ͼү⣬˶֪ǣλûи顣أѾͷҲ˵ˣôƭô
ԣ룬ǰĺү˻ôҪĴµķ򡣲Ҫ̫ģ£ǣȴҪڲ䣬үǰү˵ҪǰүˡΡһһԺĴҲ͵ˡλˣڤӣûгͷ֮ô
ͷˡҵСţҲлˡ
Сţ⸮ҲòΪơϾΪˣֻܱǰ˲ס
ΪԱΪСţΪҵˡ
ҪСλСŲԸ⣬ҲҪСλǣ֪˵͸ǰõ£顣
λλʣū
ʵдա
˵ڰ÷˵ΪңСŲλ
ڤҵڤ
뵽Ľڤ÷ǰʱҲ
Ѿͷ˵Ķԡһɹ˼ҵūźǡһӣ˴ˡڤѽһֱ˼ҵūţαյۡЩ̤ҵˣҲҪǺúţһ죬÷ҲᲩλġ
˵һĵĻ÷ͻȻþ񶼺ࡣ
ǰҲǵùҹġ
ڲһˣȷĿ꣬ңʱҲˡ
ֻҪһĹ
ͿԵõԼһֱҪõݣλ
һ뵽Щ÷ﲻò
ԣһλҲʾЪ
ȥ˺ð졣ߵ˵µĿ
չĻ֮ˣңҲͬľҰġЩ꣬÷͸¶ţֻҪڤӵĵλԺһЩ԰ָӡȻڻûеĽڤˣҲǰ϶顣һ˵һ󣬱пڤӵ⸮ү
ĵļҲǲֵġ



һʮ£СѩĹ

ڶĽɽƽ˵ǰĲǲûڵġ
һ뵽ƽµһһŮĻһЩֻǣĽԷչ̫ЩԻǿֻԸΪƽɥ
Ȼ̫죬Ҳǿ˵˷ʦ˼ķºŷᡣ
Ҳƽʱ䣬ѧԺıҲٽβһ죬ǵһֱԵĵ
ƽ˵ɥҲˣҲУԵѧԺһתΪںԺ˼˶жǵ͵¡źɫñѧԺ󣬿⼸С㶼ñҲ͵Ȼࡣ
ԼģһټŵСǣҲ˳
Զһλ깫ԶԶӵһȺūţüĽԴƽȥ󣬻ǵõĽɽ
ǰȣĽҲŰ̬֮
һ·˹ʱ˵һӻһӣĳʹС
ˣҲ߲õġ뵽ȺС
Ľӹü
Ϊθղţһ˫һء
˲䣬ֱǰ̸ӵԴƽȥ󣬺үҲ˵Ҫӡһ㣬ڲúҪȢ·ǰʵʩ
ƽ򸮵үһҫݵλĵҰľ޷ֳ
ӴԺҪŮˣҪѾͷܵòô
Сݡ
˻ǶǣҰȴһֱصġ
깫ӣָܽǰʮ
Ǻǣаʱ˭Ҳ֪Ľô
ۣǿ˭
үǰƽүǰˡ
ĽǣһֱԸѧԺİƽүĽɽȻҲѧԺ
λλǳ
û뵽ڻôƯҲǶ˷һŮӡ
ǣĽɽǰλ밲ƽү׵ĳҲǰˡ
ȻżȲϲĽ껹ת۵Ĺ򣬱ĵĲãӭǰ
벻үΪҴĽɽЦŰǣôҲҪǰΧһźá
ү
ǡʱεǰ
Ƴźүʱ˫Լ۲ԴֵĲֵĽִֵĶ顣ĳĽɽٶЦ
һȥΧۡ
Զ˵ү˶ˣҲǸϽӭǰ˵л˵леģ˵һԵȵȡ
֮ʱȴͻأһ䡣
үǰôȥǰֱأǱĵӿڽı԰ܽһģ
⻰ֳ˶֨ˡ
棬м֪ĽɽԷλ̫Էء
ҼҪʱбˣνĵϵҶԾȥıԵˡ
Ȼ
ԷһλôɫҲȲĺӡ۵ģչ۵ġ
Ув˿Ľ޵¡ǵŮѡ
һƣˣôɫҲòүǽֻµʱ򷴵лġԣöʱЪˣҪĽ޵ΪŮ뷨
Ľ޵֪һʵҲмĽɽ˾ٵġǿһһʲôá
˶ڰͽֺúүʱȴû˿һȺż򵥵ĺˣӵһֵĵطȥ
ֻ֮һһˣʱ˵ĽŲ˵š
Ĵ𰸶ġǻˣҲֻϵްһ檵֪ô
Цү¶㻹ĪҪЦˡܰͰˡ
ϲ˵Զ˾ຣһֱ
󣬱ϽӭǰҲĺͨզһһͨүǰֵġǣߵļȴһƾͼ۵ġ
ϼ˼㿴ӭ
УСѩ
СһԴѩɽ֮ۻ󣬱㲡һΪĽ޵´Ų㣬һֱסСݡ
ò׺תֳߡ
˶źö˼ҶŵСñ
Ѱˣ˾ຣҲˡ񣬻ƸȤСѩ˾ຣס
ѾͷҸ硣
ҸʣİȻ˾ຣݣǰ֪ġܵˣ˽ϣҲҲԵˡ
ˡ
š
˾ƵĮͷһֱһߵСѩϡСѾͷ˵ѩ֮۳ɳġͺˣѩǹˣôҵһƷ˲ŵġ



һٰʮ£ľͶ

硭
˵Ҳֵĺܣƽʱѩηĸɫǽ죬ȴ˾ƵĴң˵
Сͯ۾˾ƵĮۣףСɻϰߡ
ᵽϰߣСѩ졣̫ϰߵġ
ɷһȥСססĵطϰߵĵض
˾ຣİԾġǻʵҪˡ
˾ຣģϽȰ˵ȥҲһ컯
˵֪ˣԼߵһЩ飬һλүġҲǣҪ֪飬ܲô
ȥô磬иֻ𣿡
Сѩһʣ˾ƾ֪СҪʲôĵطˡϾŴѩɽ֮۳ôһӾӦء
ţסĵطиɫһĵطӦġ
ãȥСɴش󣬱㿴񣬡㣬ȥĵطô
СεͷλˣѩиˡֻǣӦң˳ȫ
˾ƲͷͷŮ淳
˾ຣĨѾͷŻǺŮζġλĻҲˡ֣ôһСȤأ
Ҫ֪ҲжʮˡȻֻһ꣬ǳ죬󣬱ǳࡣôỹСʱ򣬾ͼ̳˴ͳӴǰء
˾ƲŲЩôأǣС˺Ȼ̸һС
ѩ磬˾ȴǼ
ңһЩ飬ֻԿһۣ֪ԸСһﵱ˵Ҳ˳ֵĺܡ
һһСദ˺гҲǸ̾˵Եְʱ˵
Ľ޵СѩԵֵģǲ˾Сѩһദһʵġоһ
̫࣬Ҫɣǲǰʧˡ
СѩˣҲȥ
˾ຣҲ֪鲻ã㡣
㻹ȥֳɡԺСѩˡ
ǣȴĺ⡣ִţ˾ຣͷҲգȥˡ
ֵİȫҪܹ˵ġһ˳ʵɡ
һľɵĳˣһ˲ò˵ƽʱĸӦԼ̶ȡ
Ҫģڼò˼Ҵߡ
ʱв̽䡣
һαԣܲǼΪġ
Ҫɫϼѡԣľٰ췽ֳָһЩѧӡЩѧӣȫʱָɵģѹ׵ĿܡΪֳμһԵʮѧӣ˶ǽŲѵġ
¼ŵĽ޵,ʱҲ˵Լаյġ
񵽴ֳʱһһ̫λãͰڻ԰һ硣
̨ϣĻĽ޵,ƼС㵽ʱüһӾչ
΢΢һЦüһš׿ԺĸоСųСźǡ
񶼱˺öĿĶ󡣶ˣԺΪķ
뵽⣬Ҳᡣ
̨ϣСԺĽ޵¾Ͳ궯ģԼ
һԣһֱеġȻľ벻Զ̨µʦǣš
һαԣĽ޵µԺһЩǵڶԡ
ǰڸԵİ鳪˳ʱŵ٣ʼϽġǰ棬ΪԼĸסú棬˾ܵ˲̶ͬȵĸš
һ֮ԻĻ쿼ʵҲǸһ˵ĹװǲרһͶ룬һԣҲʧܡǣҪһ㣬Ǻѡ
λʦƷҲԵͷѵõģһУܵ˵ĸţңԼʶܰѳϵˣŴΪԼǿɾˡ뵽񲻽Ͷ̨ϵĽ޵£֪СŻ˵ѱˣȫţԼĽĽС
ǽһôʢ¡
ʦ᲻̨࣬˵Ľ࣬ĸԼĽ࣬һһࣿ
ϾǱԣ˵ǲеġ֪ǵĺɽһλʦġ˵ӦԵʱҲƾһǰѵʱһԵˣһһడ
ɽڰǿһֱ׷Ĵء
һ֣ȻûһֵһɵġȻһˡź



һٰʮһ£˭˭

۵ʱ򣬵һıԱ
һֵˣȻΪ˴˵󲻵òֹͣ˱ԡΪ˶ʱ©һ½ڡ
ź³˵񣬶һ̨ϡĽ޵µϣǼ˵Ĺע
ʵǣһԵʱ򣬾úȺҲ֪һôıݡ
ʱھãһεֱԣΪһλ׼ġ
̨˵ļĽ޵򵭶ࡣ
˾ƣ̨ŵ꣬ҲǰԵͷຣ˵Ĳ
꣬Ͳȴ˳ȵĵزһȣȷʵǳࡣ
ҿҲˣϲ
˸ɫĻϣϲһЩƯģвŸɵˡϾ˿Ҳ˳һЩ
ڵʱ̨ϣλʱָˣҲϳˡǣȻʱָϳȥ衣һѡȻһЩΧ۵Ⱥ棬Ҳѡһһһλ˵ķˡ
һ״ڳһθ̾
ѧԺıԷѶȰǰĶһȺѧѧĶࡣҲ̫Զһϰ
ԴĽ޵µ۾˲١һκСΨһһΡԣΪС㣬һҪȡõĻᡣ
̨,˶µġɿС˷εȻˡ
ԸҲǲġһ룬Ҳ͵Ȼվ̨ϡ
֪ǲ˹ⰲŵģվĽ޵µǰҲ˵ϣĽ޵֮ϡ
ĳĽ޵ͽġ
С棬Ҳϡǽ죬ȴҪץʱΪϣһıݡ
뵽ҲЩΣЩ˷ܡҿһγΪ˰ȫ˼аΪԼ˵ġ
ңñȫԷҵ
̨£˾Щ˾ຣ˵Ѿͷôʵ̨ϵһλϳҲ֡ΪθղţҲһӾϳѾͷ
һߣСѩ򿩿Ц
ΪСһʣǼĺԶҲһ۾ϳ
˾Щ֡ɲΪ̨ϵСѾͷʡҲһ˫۾ҪƯһЩˡԵģԼĻʹĸкβͬġ
СϾһɲһġ
Сѩǿһߣ˾ຣЩȻǿ͡ҺѾͷһʱɣȻôô˽ء
ǿ˵Ĺȥ˾Ҳ׷
̨ϣĽ޵µСӵ˲䣬ַĵЦݸϡŨŨ飬΢ӿ졣
һʱضڶʩչмơĶʱҲмܲסء
ڣλһԼֵĸҲʱһеĸ
ʱš
˾С
ҪʱѶϵ֪߰Ѱ˳һЩǿϽġʱһ׸Ǻܿ˵ˮƽġ
ɲôھãǰǺðڶѶϵˡܽʮԱҲǰʮˡͬѶԽߣһԲԽп㰡
Եİ
̨ϵˣȻҲ̾һѶ̫ˡҲ˹ļ顣ϾԽѶȵģսԽȤ
˵ԿԿʼ
λ˾Ȼʱ
һλϤҥһӣںöﶼ
򳪵ԼƽʱϤĸҥ
˼ҲűʱһЩ
ꡭ
ʼʱ̨˶Ľ޵±ͬ
ҵ찡Ȼǰڵıԣ˸ݳһѶϵ󰡡̨ϵأǸʱ
ʵʱ֣Ҳһֱ˴˼Ŀ顣ǳǱһʤͺʵ
Źӿʼˡ
ţŲæǳصġ
̨£˾ͷģûٵĳɫǣų棬ߵĵλͱͬ
ǰһֱڳţĽ޵¸Ű֡ǻ;ʱ򣬾ͳĽ޵µһͳ
һĵλҲͬ
ⲻص.
ΪӪĶˣҲΪĽ޵µ̫ҲЩҡ



һٰʮ£лǸһ

ˣˣԣǸôڸ࡭
԰ģǸһˡ
ҵ찡ǣ˽ˡ
Ǵ˽డ
һ̣⼸ڳˣҲͣǲ֪ᳪʲôȴҲ۾Ըںߺ߲ͣ
ˣĽ޵µĽŲһšеƺųţֵĽƽЩųⷴӦҲʧ
̨£˶ûгһۡ𾪿̨ϷеһУ棬˾̨ϵһУ˸˷ܵĹâ
ߣ˾ຣֹˣСӺѾͷһ𣬾Ͳûˡ
ҲֻǼ֪Ѿͷ
һ̣質࣬һһ̵˾ຣˣڲǰϹİɡȻôĬʱ򡣼񳪳˲䣬Ľ޵¾Ϳ԰
ֶ⶯һ̣ȫһ硣
˺һ룬Ķ꣬Ҳῴֳˡ
̾ò˼顣
ָڽСҲʱǲŷ֣ǸĹƺᳪ衣
һɤĳǻĽ޵µǿƣԵˣǣͣȴ׷ϡ
׷ҸϣһҲûӳĸо෴ģֻһִˣһġ
һգǴѹʱͽȻ̨֣ϵλʧ̨ϣ൱е꣬վʩһ񣬡лҸһ̨ҵõĺ
һ仰˵ĶֻǸлĴʡ
ֻ̨µ˾ຣ֪ĵĸл
أ̾Ϣһһӣֻļ֮ˡһһ֮Ҳ˸סӴ˷һʱ
ȻһֻǺ󻰡
˵뿪֮غҲǼ鲻ѡһ˵ѹû뵽ڸղţԼ˵ļȼաôȣôŵĸҲǴĳġǣڡҲʵС⻰治Ǽٵء
Ľ޵뿪ǰ̨˶һƬ׵
˽ΪǰǾˡǻǾһܱ֮࣬Ϊǧžʢ£Ҳظݡ
ּ˵ıݣ˵оеġҲΪǶڵһĹޣһҲûС
֣һʹ˽ǣյĿˣλչʾԼĻʱһˡһʵģĻ棬ڳˣ˼С
˿ŮıӰǾе˷ܣֻһȴ˵ĵ߿һ˲䣬ܶ˶ʡ⵽ôģһ֦ʣĵǱ
ǴһѹŷӦһȻһꡣλо˵Ĵڡ
ڣ֣ǻҲǵһ
֪ڳ˳Ĭˡ
ĴõһĹھǽܳĴڡڶһһһɫĴڣˣǺη
ҲʱͻȻ䷢һ⡣
ôãһλѧӵĻһֱ߼Ҳ׷󲻵һλĻ˵أѵ˵ͬһô
˵ͬһءͬһˣһλ˵вóĺӣ˹Ŀ࿴
ܣôͬһأ
޷ܡҪ֪һֱΪλһҪӵ˶һλ̬ӵĴʦǣ˸ǣֻһĲ󻰵ĹӡʵĴţ̫ˡ
˼ұҲûгϣֻ˵ФƵıʷ棬ôҲһϵİɡϣϾͬһʦһֻһͽܰ˼ʦŵͬҲһ
Զԣпܵġ̨ԣ˼ͬʦֵܶѡ
һ̣ڳ˶ãһλֻһλشʦʦܶѡ
ǰΪĽĽɽһ̱˹άţչе²̨档
һԣȻȻѡĽꡣڴĽ޵µ˵һұ˳ƵʱĬˣҲôһĺڣûӦάһϵĹϵ
ǣڶԵʱȫѡĽԵĵطĽ޵µ黭ԣһķ
һĽ굽󣬿˸ʮΣǰһλƺΪͻ״Ľ˵ʮġʱΪӸ˵ģչ飬ıУܵõһʮҲǲ¶
ֻ˸ûվ㱻һȺӵȺΧˡ



һٰʮ£ɽҪ˽

ɽְҿɵôһôܰѶӽ̵о
԰ɽ֣㲻ܲ˽ôĶӣô̵ܽǲˣֻһá
λǡ˵ʲô
ҡͷɽְ㻹ǡ
ʧȥÿɵӵ̲飬ǣͬɵһ״൱ѿתҵһѯʣ֪Ľ޵ӣȻһεȡ˻ıھ
֮£Ͻܵȡĵط
Ƿλүͱ͵ǰչԺȥˡǶչ󣬻۸ߵá
ֻ֮ıԹһ涨м۸ߣԾߡȻЩҲᱻѧԺ˳ɵӶһҲѧԺĵĹ涨
Ҳ˵һӶʹ˱ѧԺˣ᲻̫һ㡣
˼ѧԺṩĳأṩѧ֮أֻṩһӶ𣬻ò˼ṩǰĽʲô
һҲˡǺǣ˼ѧԺģܸһǲġϾЩҲֻѧͷٰġ˽ȫһĸ
ڻԺչ۸ߵãҲò˵õ̻ˣҲʱûһЩľЩ겻ֻ̫ʦǣ󣬱һԾΪһĴʦ
ȻҲһЩǰĴһԾΪʦеĴʦ֮һЩչʾĻǼջֵġ
Ľɽȥչ󣬱ҲȥǸ
ʱΧһŻ񽱵Ļ
Щ꣬ҲһЩλߵɡǽ죬ֳȴֻ뵽һֹŹֵĳĬСֳйĦˣƺ뵽һĳСе۾أȫҧгݶһ
ĽɽһûжԵˣȻΪһܵ㱡
ɼһȺûԵˡ
ɢڻϣҪƣһôĻһȺ˶뺱ĳĬС
ֻһͨĻһ޵ŮˣԶԶֺҪת뿪ҲҪᲽǰǸˡ
ԶǸƵȻȴȽ˾˴˶
һ˲䣬Ľɽ뵽˵˵һյӰʱҲ֪ҪԼҪ뿪Լ˾þֱŮԼ
һ˲䣬һĿЦݡ
ֻǣ۾ʱȴǰֻһ
һ뵽ģһλͷðģҲľþ
ʵҵûǿԽľţҪֿأҪһһλ꣬ʱĿ϶ǻ㱣ԥµġڵŮȥԴӻϣһ˼һ֮꣬רһ
ûԼб˵ĺ죬˲ţ֮һεĵһ
ǰһϧڲĻǷڷţһ˻ζĻ
ܵ˻۲ݣĽɽȴͣ
ղţһԵĻζһʵһʱ⣬ֶʹࡣҲһ̣һ̣
һֱİĻôбԼɡƽʱԼĽɽͻȻЦˡ
ŲЩ㱣һ̣ͻȻúÿЩֻŰˡôЩΪʲô
һ̣ĽɽģȻĲȡֱ紵զȻѹȻΪһձԾС
ǸչĶӺǣ㾿βһزģ
ʹۣһ̣һΰĺ޲ѡ
ȥԷ
صԷĽ޵£һȫϢһͻأĽŲ
üԺʱôˡҪ֪ԺʱһǲôԼġԣⲻԼԺˡ
۾
ϵģĽɽһ˫̽ľӸµ
ģִӵϸһ˿ǸӵԺǣһңĸء
Ľɽǰһλбŵ꣬ڰ죬Ĵ
һϸǸ˵üۣǵ⣬¶
ڶ곰ЦʱͻȻЩң޴롭



һٰʮ£һУȫԼ

գĽ޵´ƳĬСߣϲ衣
һֱŴСߣԸ󣬸Ͻתȥ˲衣
һΰҹĽɽĵ裬
ڼΪԼĽ޵£С߿ǺⰲΣġ
棬λĽ޵µӵõԸ󣬰ˮãٴߡ
źðԺ棬λһֱ׷С㲻ŵļһ⣬Һſ˳ˡ
С߹ֹһѲȥϺáһֱԵˣһȴǺĶţȲ衣
Ժİ̫ˡ
üĽɽһа裬Ľݸ
ߵ棬ĻӦһɡ
һ£Ľɽ޻˵
һֳһСߣҲ̫١
Ľ޵µһ־ͽ磬Ľɽһü
Ͳٶ˵֣
һαҲϡøֻǰУƺ˼ƺ㡣ôסĶӣĽɽС
̾һ
ò˵ĳɳˡҲǣǸ۰ͰҪ׶
Ľ޵ɫȻţһߵСߣҲòôϷһоҲҹӲˡһˣǼλ׿ʦһûôҲ˵ȥ
ү߾ɵô
Ľ޵²̲һѯµĽɽȥ
ЩݵȴȻЦҲǣңû㸶ʲôڣҲöһرʲôǣһǸı䲻˵ģǾΪ㸸׵ʵһ㣬Ҳ޷ıġ
Ľ޵µü۲ֻŲˮСߣ½Ĳɣζ嵭
Сû뵽Լҹ˼Ʒ裬ǽҲǣҲˡһ˰
󣬻չãгЧֵҷֵģĽɽḺ㡣֮û֮ˣҸҲһ֮ӡ
˵꣬Ľɽ뿪
С߻ĵЦݣһūӦþıݣ͵Ժ⣬Ժźת
ӣʲô˼ʲôл㣬ûһıʾôôǼ˼ţ
ӰôģôĹӲܲˣҪǼǽࡣǸ޴Ĵڰô
С߻Ҫ˵ȥȴյĽ޵µȻ޲ֻһȴС߱졣
ȣҾǾãԶе޷Ⱑ
ˣӦ˵̳ôǸүΪʲôǲԸҪѽ
ҪֻһģԸļ̳ˣǣһ޷ƿصһڡСߣЩ飬ö롣
ڣĽ޵»ΪСˡ
˼˵ҪֵĶҪƿصĶ󣿡
СŻȻ
Ľ޵Цأ
Сߣһֵô˵һ㣬᲻÷ȨƣԸүһ١ǸǰһֱԸӵԭô
˼ⲻҪүô
Ľ޵ҡͷС˵Щĺۡ
Сȥ
ߣȥСݲ䷹ԡ
һ˵ҪȥСǶ䷹ԣСԸġķȻҲѳԡǣȴСĲһЩ򣬸ǲһЩӾϵССˣҪóԣúÿһ㣬Ŀĳ¡
СݣĽ޵»ֲˡ
Ľ޵°ˮǲֲֻֻءҵԺ㹻ȻһЩ԰ӣ㹻ͷʹġ
ţֻ£ԺӲһסء
Ľ޵סɫ΢䣬ᣬǳչҲֻһ϶⽱Ŀ˵ʼкθϵǻǲЩġ
΢΢һЦû̫ԡ
е裬Ϣ˾ǡ磬ֻ޸Ľɽ֮󣬶Էġ˿һ֮ءǣִ԰ڣңҪ˼ӵ˿߸ԺӣŷɡԷЩĽ޵µĴҲȷʵǺÿࡣ
ΪĸסԺӣûϵĵӺÿԳ磬ƢԣֻԺӣΪһʱ俴ϵԺ䡣
һ㣬ֻϸһ£Ҳˡ
ˣүȻ㣬⵽һСĽ
ڽźС߱ѽĽɽһ˵˳ֻǣСƵǣСҲ빫һֻǵЦһ£ûоʹ˷ԼĿᵽĽɽԷ飬СҲͼŶ
ֻҪڣ޷мС



һٰʮ£

ţҲ⡣Ҳ֮УϾһҵıҲӹס
⵽ҲǣȷѡɷչƣҲ֣Ҳá
룬һл⸮һС
ǺǡҪ¾һүкηǲһˡ
Сһˡ
ԭӲǲ
ǣҪģ˶Ľ޵ҪһУȫԼ
ǺǣԼĽСߵĹүô
ǵūţҲÿ˭ӣȻūţкηءʱС߲ãĽ޵µūžкβ׵ġϾԼҹǸɫ
ľ׿Ժ󣬻ôء
һ˼͸ж
Ҳ֪һõǻôӦǵĹЦĽ޵ҲЦˣţҲڴظаɡֻǣһλҲɼҲһ߰Ĵڡ
˵˭С߲⡣ڣСõģ¾ˡ
չǿûһӣҲˡ룬ǲˣǸ߰Ƣԣֻȥͽء
ݵλǶĿˣ׾¼ݽӼ˵ġǼҪ˼ңǶżӵġ
Ľ޵ھɳϱֳԼصһʱ˾Ҳˡ
˷ܶųϱֳɫĽ޵£ӣҪΪá
һ߶Сѩ򿩿ЦˣҴһʼ֪Ǻˡ
˾СԴϣԵģˡ
Цζһߵ˾ຣľʵ۸磬˼Խĳ䡣öʱ²Ҳ²Ҳ֪Ľ޵Ǻ»ǻ¶
Ҳôģչ黹̫һЩھͰ⽫֮ģǲ׵ġ
˾ƿɵƵɨһۣô޴
һʣɰ˾ຣʵɶԡ
˵ͲܸһӰ˾ຣһ۲Զء
˾ǹŹֳ˵ǲ̫һЩѾͷλãǻԶأ˵˳ˣ
˿룬˾ຣҲòϣԼ̫һЩ
ȻǡʱȻͶյɫʱ˾ຣȻһӾͻˡ
֣ҾѾͷаŵĺܣ϶֪˵㿴ǵ񶼲һˡһһңڳ˵
˾ʹ࿴λʧصֵܣҷ֡治һı˼ֻһƳ˵ôذ޻˵ˡ
˾ƾһЩŹֿԼֵܡ
ҲӦȢ˰ɣ
µŮˣĸء
ҿʱȢˡ
ǣ˾ȴǲ๵ĳ
ģ˾ຣˡ˵ְɲܺΪָ£飬Լĺá
ָɵĴҹ㣬иɫŵ֮ģһ뵽ͻͷʹ
˾ǰ̨Ϻøֿ꣬һ۲Զ
߰գЩˣֻܿš
һ仰˾ຣĪ顣Ǻǡ
£񲢲ֻǿ̨ϵǸĿꡣ죬һγ˵Ԥϣõ˵ıԵһȻҲǰԤƵġ
һգӣھڻĳɼ˵ǰ޹ˣߵˡ
ڲ˻ڴĽ޵¿вμӺĻûʱȴ֣ⷢ˼ҲûбҲ˵⼸Ҫ˭ң治ġ
ݹ⼸ʮҲҲ꣬նŹâ
ϧҼûŮȻǵױҲҪװ
һλӵĸ̾ȴ˲˵˼
԰飬ǵøء
Ǻүû۹⣬ʶ񣬵ǲĽ޵¾һӹŰ
һھĴڣңھ·棬ҲŷͬСɵıֵıֻܲȥ
Ժŵ˵ֻҪʱ䣬㹻󡣵ʱݵλֿɵá
ʱĽ޵µǣͻȻŲԸˡ
ʵǣ̫ҪףǵҲƴǸáԣ󲻵òѡ˱л͡
ѧԺĵزĽݸҲ͸ˡ
Ϊ˵Ķ̣ʱֻԴۡ
꣬ΪʲôǸԷ˸һЩءȻЩȫˡ
ǰһȢýǣһܡ



һٰʮ£ү

ĶΪʲôûˡǲزۣܳɳôɡ
ǣϥӣǲҲŹһӣȣλǵ⣬Ҷ˽ˣֻ£Ҳչ飬ǵһºүǲа
˰һǰ˵ýýǴԺתȥڵĵط
ҪǺӣ
⣬ҡͷǰҲԡڣǺų˹⻪㻹ҪǺǣ϶ҵģǸ밡
ʵҲ֪ԼɹԸ㡣ֻǣһ£չҲĵġ
㰡ˣĪҪ϶ȢҡСĶŮҲôʱǰȥĸǺӻ㡣
һĶͺҲԸƴүЩҡʵǣҲ
ǲŵġ˿¶ǰٿĪ簡
ԴԼ׵Ķز֮󣬶үϥҲҲһС檻ˡºȴˣ֪ˣ⵱ĸĲˡʵҲô¶ʹˣүҲԿ壬Ҳ֪üѣԣŻСһʱڸҲá
˭֪ΪֹЩͨǾȻˡ
ڣԩأЩүÿ¡ңҲŻΪǶүءֻţһõĹţǵԸʱֻһˣһ¡
⻰ڵҲͬ
Ͷһչ飬Ҫ϶һЩѪĸģЩǴһЩҲ氡
Ҳ֪үôüѰҲί
Щ궼æڴһ塣
ڶүĵˣҲʧ͸׵ġ
Լһ㣬Ҳھô
ֻҪһ뵽Щ־ʹޱȡ
үЩҲȷʵǲ˵黭һ黭Ҳ˵ˡ
ϱ̸һЩ¶ת뿪
ʱֻһ˼ţҪβΪүһůŮˡһЩһӡҷǺӿ϶Ҫɵġ
ү˵һŮء
˵ʲôֻߵ¶Ŀԣ˭룬ȴһϢһʱ䣬˶ˡ
飬̫ʵģūҲ÷֪ڷҪҵ飬룬ֻһǻ˵Ĺ˶ү۶ʱҲר
ԼСҲӴ
ôģһλϵĶү
ɾͰˣڸ˻еŮˡֻˣһ˵Ƕ׫Īеİ
У˼ˣ
ҲǴ̾ƣưүЩԽĻѽ
ʵүԣҪˡ
ӵǵʵ顣
ΪЩ˲ԸүСŮԶүҲġЩ˼ҵӶˣһȴŮҲʵѲöô
ȻܼңҲǻҰһƬ
һΣҶҪΪһС檲Сӣȥһһ˭˵ԷһλǵһεѧԺĻչʾһݵλҪһˣػǰĵİɡ
һ㣬ӵҲס
ūȥ졣
ȵӰǷչʾĽ޵µǰҪǸʱĽ޵Ű
һġֻǰСıӰ档룬ȴԼĶȥҶŻе˳˼ĺħ
Ф˭ãȴҪФŮˡȻҲԹ²ȫһ㿼ǺˣҲھС㱻˿˼
ֻ룬һҵˣĽ޵»ǾÿӦˡ
Сһлֻұ˿ˣٿһ㡣
һ̣Ľ޵Ҽ֡
һϵˣҵǷ˵ˡºҼҷ˾ƽޣҲԸġ
Ľ޵ĸЦԽءҲĳ
ɼҲħˡ
˿Ľ޵»˹İߡ
£ֶᾡȫΪġ
תߺĽ޵ȴ߿ࡣ
˵Ҫҵ㣬ƽޣôôƤ
ֻǿЦһ˫۾Ľ޵Ķˡ
ЩֲţԺĪҪЦ



һٰʮ£̨

ԣõİ취ǸϽԺȥˡ
ͷϸİɫݻε۾
Ľ޵Ц죬ŰҼϻ۰֪ҪһЩ¶;ܶסǰ˵ͣ۾
ǿԱŽļӣĪ룬ֻǾ¶ѡ
Ľ޵ҲĺܣԵģҲû˵ҼǸġ
һ£ת㲻Ƥеļһ
ǣ˵꣬ȴƤǸԺӣһǲõĲô죿ϲӣҺһǸԺӿɺáԺֻһڡԵˣҴ򷢳ȥˡ
ҪԼȥԼҪԺӣǰء
ЩΣǣǣһȴί°͸ѡҿһòãһ
á
˵ŲãǣжϣȴûǿԳ֡
Ľ޵˽ԼСƢԣԵһЦϢһ̣ȫһ̵ܰҲҪ
չ飬ȥĽ޵µԺӲЩط
ԼĽ޵ºС߰Ѵ˴ĲˣԺ󻹵÷Ѳٵȥڣԣòǰ
ļԣҲٹ͡
Ľ޵ҲȥԭڼС㡣ȴǿߡ
㲻ȥ˸ˮƽѹͲ˽⡣˵·飬ʢᣬƽʱ뿴ͿġԾͱ¸ţȥ࿴ɡ
ΪĽ޵ºС߲ò뿪ԺӣȥѧԺЩԡ
һڣĽ޵ºС˽γ󣬲߲ԶӭײһǱˡ
ƴƵеǸӡ
һ۾͵
Ľ޵¹˹̨֣ˡ
ȥһ䶷µӡ
Ľ޵һεͷԵģֵܲͬ
ǱãؼģȲԣĽ޵»ύһ
С˵ģЩ˺£㲻ȥҲϾ˲ܹ⿿
д⡣ƺܿģ¾͸ᲽǰԶ˾ຣСѩֹš
磬Ϊʲô˵ǻʵ۸簡
꣬˵һ˵ˣС϶ͻ᲻˵滰ˡһǿˣҲװ֪ˣ
Сѩҡͷһǲס˵ģѵ鲻Ǻ顣ƫƫȴڽѡ
˾ຣЩΡô̵СӣǲôԡСѩɵø㣬Щ飬ǿѵġ˵֪ʵ۸ˣǲֻ֢֮ʮʱˡǸǲɣأǰһֵĶȹÿһ죿
һ£Сѩеˡ̾˿ԣ˵ôûʵ۸ֵ뿪һԸѡ֪ɡ
Сһеˣ˾ຣ˿
ھ·棬ȷʵͬļءѩǹа׹ڶ첻ѡʱֻ˲ơǲɣֻ֮£δ
ô⣡Ľ޵һһλʩһ񣬡ˣǹ֮ˡС£⼸궨潻ģ
Ŷ˾£֪вոˡǣȻƶ֮أʵģȴ뺷֮ҰĵĹң׾Ϳոģ
Ľ޵ҡͷֿɷ˵ꡣңѹҪ̫ڹעǡԣ˵ǵܽġʱҲþԣ
ԣ˾¡Ϊ꣬ȻûҴˡȷʵȷġ
ţǾԡ룬һҵˣôȨƣǣûоãûǮʲôˣʲôţʲô¡˵һ㣬ϣҲǮĳջ񣬲Ǹж£ȡ
˾ִУ֪֪˰£ûһ棬ǰ˸áְλԵĶһһǴͷǰҪλ
ѩǹ׹ô뺷ǵĻȨкβͬһҪþҪһЩλŸ˳һҪõңΪʲôҪȥ̣ھ϶ǽһЩ͸ˣһ񶼽ǿŵ磬ƶȵĹУҪģǵõԵһЩʵʵĺôһڣųô



һٰʮ£Ҳ

̨ȥҸط˵һ£ҶһȤ
˾ƾãе֪ϧ̫һ㡣ʹһЩǿԷġ
ҷλֵܣԴºǸȤ飬Ӧ˹ĵôѲɣֵܼڳ͢Ϊ٣
Ľ޵ɻһλΪˡȣһıȲϵġһ˫۾ֻǵ㣬һȻˣԲͨˡ
ջƣǫ̛Խһơ
ǺǼ񡣡
Ľ޵²
˾ţҾ˵ջʣҲΪɡǲġһˣ֪ҵءǴǣҲû֪ҵ֮ġһ룬˾ƵȻĺܡһƬ档
ȥߣתתкÿģģǵûһ
СԸȥءһԸǻϲŵ
˾ƿһСߣѿ̾û뵽һ˲žͰˣŵСˣҲǸɵ˶
ǺǣҴСͰѵֵһĿһ̨˵ĵҲġ롣
С˵ֵܿ˵尡˾⻰оֲһĽ޵£ѹ֪ԼСߵദһλүĿ࿴š
󣬾ڵƣľԣһƪƪۡ
ľһֱľҪãҲչĺõĶࡣһֱҪǹѧַɴԵֽ֮ġǵˣȫȥǱ߶
һģܿЧǣһЩǵĵطʮأʱĻпĸɫ֯˿Լݳ޵ĹĶƹʱˣεоͱˡ

Ľ޵˵ÿһ˾ƶ޲ñšڣҲ̫Ľ޵˵ЩҲ˸߰˰ˡ
ȵֿʱ˾Ľ޵µֵ֣ܰᣬ˵ļغͲܣǳɳԺɲĶ֮ô
Ľ޵±˵ͦߵġʵ˵ˣЩأһЩС˵ġ
ŶϣŮ˱̨ļػҪģ
һ̣˾Ʋˡ
һֻһŮ˼ʶ̸ôһŮˣжı°
Ǻǻֵܣ㻹ȥôֲСİС͸¶Ľ޵Ļǲġ
СĲ¶ıǵаȻһ첻͸Լ˴Сһ룬Ľ޵¾ٲ̸
˾֪ٲ̸ǣȴСȤǸʲôŮˣ˵Ĳܡ
ת˾ຣһʹȥʱȻʳ
˵Ľ޵һС㣬Ǹʲô֪
˾ຣƿһ߶ѩߴ
ʵ۸磬˵С㣬˵Ǹ㰡˲ģǸᣬˡŶˣȥƽɽһʦ졣һİǺðءʱ򣬻һʦ˵һתۣЦһʦ˵Ц
Сѩһᣬ˾ƾ֪˭ˡ
ǰСӵ鱨棬ҲйһЩ¶̫⡣ڵʱֻһѾͷѡ
ڿһѾͷƺεУӰߵ˺¡
һӰԶѾͷֻһͨѾͷô
Ѿͷƽʱһʦźˣ
֪Ҳһʦ˰ɡԵģûʲô˿ֵġ˾ຣԥһ£ʵش
˾Źɨһۣҷ֣һѾͷ飬󶼱Ƚ˽Ⱑ
˾ຣΣ̫ˡ
Լֵ˾̾һǵ˵㣬ˣƱϷ컡ǣʵģȴ˼ҹ̫ҸСϾʲôҫãٵΡ
ʱǻȻϲһˣȴҲԸܿࡣֻΪʱΪһЩϵ飬òòһЩ֮Ľס
飬ڻʼҵ˵顣ǣһĹ˵£ȴӰԶġһ뵽ǸŮˣΪԼģҲǲܵġʵҲǶںǿŸĥԼǾܵĺܡ
ֻǾãѾͷе棬㵱һϲһɬĻëѾͷ̫ࡣ
˾ຣ⣬ֵܾ̫ࡣһЩܵ飬Ϊǡ
ǣ˾ȴֱ˾ຣͷðɣҡе㲻ܿƣܻţȥòһ£һѾͷǣҲɡ



һٰʮ£ŵ

һҲɣ˾Ķɬࡣ
Ĭ˺þã򣬡ҪΪǿּ
˾ຣϽҡͷҿɲ뿴ĳҪȢҲǿԼСڣĹϵǲ岻ȥġ
еˣֻԶۡ
Խ
һ㣬Ҳᵽġ
ԭһֱҲֻܵһߡ
ǰ飬Щ˶ɵӡϲˣֱȥҪˡ
ǵԼҲʱ֪еĿǡ
ֻһһҲݲԸһ˫СֳĬ˵ѾͷһĿǡ
һ߶Сѩ˯ĺġ
˾ƿ˯СϲЩЦݡ
ھãСѾͷġһõģģͻϲĸʲôƵġһ˫۾һ㡣ʱõʱίģ㿴ž붺һҪģ棬ֻһá
һ˵˾ຣҲѩ
Ѿͷǲ˯еأôţһĹֿʼ˯ˣ
˾Ҳüܣǰѩɽ֮۴йϵɡʹĴ򣬺˵û⡣
ǾͺãˣǹˣѩĽ޵¸ﰲһЩߵ鱨Ǻ˹עû˽˹ȥû˻뵽Ѿͷǻʹٹϼ꣬СѾͷˣҲٲ뵽ѩޣסڻʹС
⵽Ҳǡ
˾һͷ񣬲ɨѩѾͷ˯еࡣ
˻ʹ󣬰ѩ£ͲĽСȥˡ
û󹦷򣬹͸˹
ѩôˣ
˯̫ˡ
͵Ůˣ˾Ƶͷѩϡ
ǰҲ¶ĵѩ֡˯̫һЩҲ֪ܲܿ
Ĵ򣬶Ϊѩû˵ô¡ΪˣҲʾ̫ˡ
ĪģӦµġ
˾˵ţȴСѩϡüϣƺС̫ڹעˡжŮءûУ⡣ڶһѾͷôģ
Ȼãǹȫֵġ
±Ȱϣ⺢ӵ¶աԹΪ
˾Ƴһ£Ǿˡ
ˣ˿
ãϲûԵĲȺáȻЩ˻浲ס
ջĽ޵ʱȻûٱʾкβ׵ġ
ھһĻߣѧԺ
Ϣʱ򣬲̾
һֻ֪Ŀ߸ôΣ
һ˲䣬ڳ˶ˡ
ʵǣСӵľٶ̫𺶡
˲ţпˡԺѧԺ滹ܲ˲ų֣Ҳ˵¶
ҾǺ棬˻˵ʲôĹҪ֪ô׿ˣһĹ
⵽ҲǡҾ滹Ĺô
˶ãϣǺĽ޵˶ɾôһؼʱ̣һ򾢱Ϣ˳
ھȻҪˡ
԰һѾͷΪ檰Ҫɴҹ㣬ҲǿôΪʲôһѾͷһ׵ѾͷǵĹھﰡ
϶Ǻү˹ΪѹӵġȻôһݲõѾͷأĹӣô飬ôĵﰡ
УүҪºү˰˵ڹ檺󲻾á˵һУ᲻Ǻүɵģ
пܣһֱүԸ⣬Ҳ뿴ӣûôһιӵıԣûһȥΧ۹ġһˣҲôĮɡĽ޵¹Ӵ

Ϣʱ˶ĺޣĽɽĹǹҪĽ޵ѿġȻôһĴѾͷΪء˲˵һңҲһݼһģ룬ҲǲŸ߰˶Ĵҹźð
ҲһԣĽ޵εУѾȫݵĴڡС£ľӰ
ҡ
õһ鱨ԽϣǾȻʢķүӣź룬ŶӷʹЦ
⺢ӵ˵ĻȷʵġСͣĺӰ졣ӲٸһЩޣӳɫġ



һپʮ£Ҫĸ

Ҳοѡ
ǵľӢȻǷһǰʵķҡ
Դǰү˵ȥҲŷƱá
󣬾һ˵ĳʳȣҪࡣ
ǵǸҵǣǣֻҪʮ꣬뵱龰һ
꣬ǺӵҵҲǵð߰ĺӣȴ˼㿴Ƿңĸ
ҡͷ
С
ǰйĺӣССͣ˼ɫоǲݰҰģǵҰģҺ͡ںˣɳˡЩټ֮һЩӪˣ
ᵽӪҲԺ
ò˵ǺǸܵÿָһطȥӪ˳ң׬ȻôǮЩڰ׹ѩǹԵĹңõĪĺôڣⷬļСңҲʱҵ߶Ǻԣֻ׬ⷬЩܸõ׬Ǯǵַһ׬ǮӪⷬӣʵҲǲĶ
Ͻ۾һŶⷬӣʲôģ
ƣֵĴĶ㿴ôһĹˣⷬ˵һֽзѹĴڡ嵰ζ˵һֲˣζǲġһ֣˵޻ɱǵҰ޻Щ̫ˡ
ŽЩǸ̾û뵽Ư֮󣬻ǲһĹҡ˼ҳԵģģֵģҲǲһǺ˵Ķԣǵ۹⣬ȷʵҪųԶһЩȻֻ⼸ңûҪ
ǰЩⷬӣ𲽻ʱٽ׵ʹ棬ܵõһЩһЩһͨ飬ǷңɾĲһˡ
ᵽ⣬Щ
ҲŹȥʱ⣬ǷǰķңȴǴһˡ
ǰҾǳ⣬ʡ˺ͺǳԡ
˵ܽѧԺѧģٵĿö˶ڼɼ˽̵ѧӡ
ڿɲһˡרŵѧԺ
ѧԺշҵֱϵӵܣһЩƶӵܡʱѧɣɷҲǱڷҵһҡ
ΪѧԺƶѧŻݵĻңѧҵгɵˣǻѧѣһЩԣڷѧԺԭһֻɶʮ˵ѧԺԺ䡣ѧӣߴ֮ڲ˵רŵѧԱסȵȡչȥѧԺֻ»ΪǰĳѧԺΪھвٵѧո¶ͷǣһԾΪ˾ǳʿӡ
Ƿҵ˲ţöɫһЩǺӵļ岻ǷңسΪио⺢ӵĳɾͣؽԽϷ򰡡Ƕøȥ쵽źá㾡ȫӦµ¡
үӵĻʹЩ⣬ŲûڵһʱھӦ
ǲôĵɡӣЩˣǷˣĺˣ֮࣬޾ĺôǺӵиϵġɾôĹϵҲֲĥһĸ顣ˣҪͬҲȫΪ˲šǣĶ⣬͵ˣĴڡԺӣҪȫȥҪɵԸ
һ㣬ʾˡ
֪ˣˣҪҳϵģһΪˡԽǸĶ࣬ʱľԽǡ෴ģĽݼҵˣ³ˡھֺҲǾ֮µļˡչ飬еĸ飬ҲǴġ
⺢ˣϷͷסЩҲǳɳˡھǶλãҲൽλˡЩǺǸǴ˲ٵĺ˵
ҼסġǺҪ檣̫չ飬ûȢء
ϷͷѷʶЩΡŰɣۼǺӣͲġʵҲԿϼףһǵĺϵҲһЩ
Ǻǣ㰡飬ĪҪȥǿЩ飬ȻȻĺáҿǺϲǸѾͷġȻôʱϼȢأ
üǵĲˣڳƵ˵ǺүȢġչ飬ֻһѾͷǵңҲ̫õݰ
ǰ̫˽ˡǿƣãƾĽɽǿȵ



һپʮһ£Ҫô

һ룬ҲԲѲѡ󣬻̫뵱Ȼ
Ϸ뽫Ĳ֪ĵ뷨
ӰΪһķѡǣҲֻ뵱ȻǺƢԣǲϲģֻ¾ʹ˸һ߶Ժ׼ҲɣֻΪԹżİ¶ҿɲȥ
Ľ޵µƢСС;ˣΪһ׮¾ͶǷҹĿ࿴
̫Ѱ
ҶˣǺӣȷʵһóĳȡΣļС̫뵱Ȼ⺢ӵͨ˿
һȺֲˡ˰ʱʱѵʱһзͿʱءɣǸѾͷҲ׼šǰҪһ׮ҪģҪѾͷءǺӻϲ
ԼϲˣǺӿ϶ǲһġ
˶һѾͷݱʾмǷңȴʾãһء̬ȣӶǷĪĺøС
뵽һҲԼͷ塣Ǿ仰һžһڣҲңָ·Ҫģ׳
Ϸͷ⻰ֻǹЦǽķҲǻϲѡ
תҾͰ͵Ľ޵Ժ
ڸ㱣ţһ𱣹ţ
۰ͰͿڣаԺҪŮˡһ뵽Ľ޵¾ûɵļѡ
Ҫ͵
һѵĨ˰ѺᵽСȥʱ򻹵ðۺ
ԷвٵԺ䣬ʵҲǼõġ룬һЩⷿҲеͷ
ٺ٣Ҿ֪ġԴңпⷿĶȫƹˡ
Ľ޵˷ܰԿ׽͸
˿ˣֳ
ҲµʱҲ·ˡ
·ˣĽ޵סüţ㻹ҪȢŮˡ
£ѹͲȥĺôһӣ²ܷСλҷˡҲȢ˵ĺô
ģȴҡͷһֱȢҷˣ˻ô£ɲĵһ죬㲻òȢĻſɺá
˵⻰Ļǲɱʹһ¡Ľ޵ֱֱʹࡣԭΪСЩ죬˸һСڿС㣬ǰһһĴڡֻǰ˵ơ
飬Ժ˵ɡ
㲻Ҫӡһţǵʵ顣Ҫƿ壬ҪĻͱҪôȻ£Ƕɱ⡣
Ľ޵ʹ࿴ƲңһһǶһͲøġȥҾһ·˼ұʲô飬Ҳνô
ĺ
ôڸḶʵ⡣һ̬ȣǻѹģǱʲôһʹɵ
ҪأģԴԳķʣȴĽ޵޻˵ɿ˳ȥ
첲ĵط˿˿ʹ
ԼǰԺ棬ǸܵˡһȦһȦƺҪܳеơǶ
ҪҼ޸㣬ҼޣҪҸ㣬㡣ǣҪҽģҺİ첻ҶѡˡǣһǺ¡
ǰһ׾͸ʵ顣õ޾ıѺ۳
һһ͸ԼţֻΪ˼ˡ
ֻǣΪԼĸɣһЩƫƫִŵҪ⣬ܻڲůˣҲԸ⡣
ǣľЩģҲ첻
ǰ޾ǺޡȻһֱϷ
һ·ܵĽ޵£Ҳʹ಻ġ
ףΪʲôԼģСһ⡣
ôô
ţĪģ͸ֳһȡůһЩƬΡУСЩ֮ڣԼĺ
ʵôִŵʲôءһ֪С㲻ô׾͸ĵġִŵҪ̰࣬ԭﰡ飬治ˡ
һʼֻǱ΢ҪõͺáΪʲôڣȴ˵Ұģ̰ءԭʱĳɹǿȻģҲĸ꣬ƽô
ˣĽ޵ЦˡȻǲܹߵġ



һپʮ£

ܹˣҲˡ
Ľ޵̱ڵϳɵɵЦ
ƮС꣬һɡϿա
죬ԼɡŮˣĽ޵Цһӷ
лл㻹ΪҴɡ
üذɣ
ǣҲأһɡ
Ľ޵½һЦͻȻְק

ŵļУʧɫ
ˬʵЦˡ
ûϵһҰϴ·
Сɾˡ
ôһŪ϶·ġȻڰ߬ȭͷΪԹǣڽյʵЦʱ̾˿ѽ˵Լˣôôأ
С㣬ϲһ𣬸ղţ̫ǿˣ̫ҡЩԽľͿʼҪˡһֱ㶼㣬ûΪԵĸıʲôԺһ磬ֻһˡ
ǹġֻ֪СûԼȴţôõĻᣬԺôҲҪֻһ˰
С㲻ŰôԼ飬Լİȥһ𰮡ؼģСǸԼһİкκίġ룬ӵǷһĹӣҲ㹻
һ½߳
һ꿡Ҳ˳˵ֻ
һһ˶ھſĽҪύĴڡֻ˼ȴæҪ檡
Ϊˡ˵ڹ͵ʱ򣬲ӦȢ޵ôɵãҪ檡һԺ˭׵ļ޸һҰ
ǣ˼ҵǹ檰ɡ˵ǴСһ𳤴ģҲƯĺܰСʱ򣬺ΪѾͷ븮һλִˣѾͷһֱڸ˼š
ѽ˵Ů൱һĴô
Ҵҳ׼ӶĽ޵ºСˣЩۺ󣬰üҲ֪˭ЩϢ͸¶ȥġ뵽󣬾ԼĳʱĽ޵Ҳˡ
ӣǸǸɾģļ͸¶ȥġ
Ҳ⡣Ͼ巿бļЩ˶пܰѴ˵ȥҪ׵סǲܵġһжΪֻҪҶǳϵģֺξ˵ء
С߿˵̹ϣҲοѡѡǿ
Щϵ飬ʵĽ޵ǲǰġǰ˵йСԼĳ״£ԹʵġԣЩСϸڣһԶҲԼԲɹʵõĶС߶ءС߿ֺǺǵȥҲȥ
㣬ǰѶˡ
Ѷº˾ȥСݲ䷹ԡأСզԺӦţЦӯӯģ˿ž˶վԺſڡ
ǣС߽˺ԺŲûп
Ľ޵°üֻĺܡ
СͷףĪںԺɶóԵģȥˮȥˣ
ƣʾ⡣
ƿԺţԺȴ쳣ľֹܵľ˶Ϣ
ãʧˣ
Ľ޵Ųʧ٣ô˭°ȥ
СҲǸڡ
˰ȥĵطһ飬ǾһƬ棬һ¯⡣СָҪԵź㡣
ˡ
Ľ޵½ǰƣɫҰסСţֻǳȥתءûг׵ҵˣǡҪ
ˣԴסڴ˴ٲһȥתƵġ
ǣ˭°ȥˣСҲˡ
СһֱȫǣΪһˣҲ͸ŷա°ӣ˭пܡ
ҰɡСߣȥеԱϧһдۣҲҪҵһɣһε°ֻ²ͨĳġ
Сʧٵûд򶷣ûһĺۼܴĽݸ°ߣҲκˣ˵˵Ϊ󶼲򵥡
֪ȴСԭȰ˵ģĽ޵ºǼᶨҲȥ洫Ϣ
ʧˡ
ʧٵһ㼣Ҳޡ
ڵҲõϢԭŽҵСѾͷǳȥˣȥתһ¡ǣʱ֣ûлת˶֪¶ˡ
̾һ⺢ӣ;Ѱ
ԴĽݸ񶼱°ӹˡò˵ϣƺһֱǶʡ
˶ʱ
ʱȵУŹֵ
ָоڳӶһ
Ȼ۾һȦ߳ʱͷƤһը



һپʮ£ټ

ߣ򼣬ŹֵĶ涼ΧܣƺֻҪһҧ
Щߺð죬Щһﲢû˹෴ģֻھԼİȫΧ⡣Ҳ˵ЩĻġ
ܣΪ˶
ʶһ㣬ٴһܣЩֻضȦ档Ҳ˵ȻеĶΧţҲǰȫġ
ʶһ㣬ܿƽ
̧ͷ䶢Զģ˭
СѾͷҲˣ㣬氡
һ͸Ϸʵ
İüʶƺҲᡣ˭
ԶïܵͻȻһζȵ˳ڵʱ˿
㣿
һŰɫ·ˡ
ϣɾţҲܿߡֻƽˣ߹ţ͸аķ緶ںһ˿˵ĺг˵Ψͷ£ӶڽɫУΨ˾òҿ
ǣ
üǲ֪˭
ɫлһ
Ȼϵң

һȣһӵɴۡǣǡǸҹȾƵˣ
꣬СѾͷʱ⸮Ϊ˵ԵʣһԹŹֵʦͽĸĴڡ
ǸҲڰˡǵ΢Ц־ͰԼʦָˡȫ£ֶɵѪģ
СѾͷƬӻеģǵñү
аЦˡҲ֪ôĵģһӾͷʱһȺ඾м䡣
Щһ£һһȥеߣиֶ涼ȫϣϣͷϡ䶯ŵһƬǿסĲԼ³иоԼ¶һӶֻ³ιЩġ
ΪǰˣڵʱƢԾͲжá죬ϣƢֻǸˡ
ȡôˣ
˰죬ԼһֱĹУȴ˳ĬԷ
Ϊһ⣬еСˡõվ·еܣԣͿСһء
˵ĺԣǣȴɫֲҰˡ׿ˣԼҲ̫ġˣǿ¡
ץ
׿ɨһۣסҲץġǺö겻СѾͷͻȻˡ
Ŷ
˿ǻǾſһ϶ĸɫ߳ȥôҿ˱һֱҿڴ˴
ôһĴڣǿ¡
Ѿͷ
棬˵ɫͻȻƳ
ǻҲ͸ż˼ڡ˵ʲô£ߣЩСأ
˵ЩȻµġ
ڿ˽ԼĺɫͫʱͻȻ
ϣȻ£ǣµģҪˡԲһУҲԸıһС˵ˣµĴڡ
һֱһĶԼŲȾһĨЦţǲ֪شѾͷ֪βˡ
죬Ȼ֪һΣʱӦԣֻҲˡ
ղţǻشĲԣҲȥġֻǣһµץԼͼΪΣ
Ѿͷɡ
˵ֻһһƵҩﵯȥЩΧĶƺΪһҩ۶󶼷׷׶ȥ
뿪˲䣬ŷ
ٸ˵κȻưѣξǰߡ
ϣЦˡ
ѾͷҲΪʲô
Ҫ˵Ի˵ġȻҲֻıǵһʳѡ
죬Щʵ˵⻰
㻹еµôҿϵСѾͷҲɳˡүҪΪҵޣҲǿеġ
ҪΪޣ
סû֮ǰӻ
ô㲻Ը⵱ҵޣ
ͻȻס
Ȼûлͷջһ
ֻҪһ𻨣ܻᱬ
Բ繫ӣҴӦ¼޸ҼҾүһ㡣
Ӧ¼ޣ
ת˸

ֻǴӦǲûļ޸ϴĴĴ㣬УһԽζҺϲ
ĺܳζ
ͫ׽
ڣһֱһһĶЩ꣬ȻĽ޵ߣÿζﱬʱҲԽԽƵˡ
˵ζּԽĶô˭µҲȻˣ



һپʮ£һ֮

µĶ

׿Ŷʣƺϲ
顭
̡

ֻ˲䣬͵ڵϡ
ЩҲŷȻûҧǣצ䶯ĸ־ζƲסļг
˽Ӱ¶˷ܹâ
ôˣֻҪԹԵĴӦҵޣҾͻЩСĻġ

ҲƲסġ
ź޸ˣϷҲ
붾򽻵֣Ҳ᲻Խţǰһ̻ߺͶģȴճҺĻУ춼Բ·ġ
ңҲң׿ڽյɫҲűˡ
ǣ㣬ȵ㡣Ϊҵ⣬ȴ˶Ŀѡֶڣȴ˵ǳζˣֻԼѹͲǱˡҹ뿴붾Ϊˡ
ʧأ񲻶ϼУҪЩֲĶŪߣתע
һ̣Щ侲дΪضȥɡ
׿ǰˣؿЦ
úõĺܣӣҾҪףʲôĵ˴򽻵ʲôУԸ⿴ĵˡȻҲϲڵı֣Ҳò˵㣬˵ѡڼǰҺȾƵһҹӾ϶㡣
࣬ӣΪʲôң
ģ
ºôҲɵû
ΪǵһҺȾƣҲǵһΣǰûзĺȵ˯ˡѾͷ˯ŵӣܹԵġңҰŪ˯ˡ
һ仰׿̧֣Ӱζǣߣֻһ۾ҲȥҲ̫ªһЩȻĶġһߣҲõͷġ
ԭͱΧֿߣǾöĲѡ
ӵһȥԹѵһʱ䡣ҡ
ǣӡ
Ӧһӹһǰȥ
ڱ˲䣬ŵһȳζһζĵ¡
оǳ궼ŧˡ
νһݣȻһƬӣǣȴ̶һƬĴڡһŵԺ䣬ĴеĶ˿
顭
ıڵ棬ƨȫǱ˹ͷһ־ҵĲʣ˿־壬̧ͷݺݵ߶ˡ
Լʮǳɹƹض
⻰ﳤȥ
ȵһжƽȫһС
ĶϣҲڵ档һȺﵱУЩһһŵζվһʱҪӡ
ΪС룬Ǿû̫඾ĵطߡ
ҲżòܵһӡùӰЩﶼߺ˿ڵ档ǣһݶּˡ
ԭҲвٵĸֲͬĶ
ݶУôأҪ֪ЩеĿܴ򶴵İ
ʶһ㣬񾪿ֶŵ档һĿһط΢ϵ𡣲һһֻɫģŴǵļӲǵĶ̵۾ȫ䡣ĶһԼҪһ
ǣܰԼӵѵΪ׾ȥģ
Ҫģڼǰ׿͸ȶ꣬Ľ޵Ҳ˵ΪƵǸˣ˵ģֶ
Ʒ֣Ҳ̫ࡣ׿岻ôĶԼʹġһ룬ü棬ʲôԼ˵ġ
ǰһֻɫһĳӣ顱һ󣬱Ǹоһ
԰ЩΪʲôΪΣУʱЩΪ׿ԭ򣿻ǣұԭǲҵڣֹŹֵȶ
һ뷨γɡ
һҧЩǰȥ
ҪǲԼڵȶҲвһá
⣬һ棬һѵߣһѵЫӡѼһలµദһ
żбĴڹּһͻΪӪعԷΪԼʳӣĶҪԼҳԵĲСȻҲпܣҪʳ
ԥţǹǰȥ
磬һ£ǲԼӡ֤ʵһҵһ



һپʮ£붾ʳ

ףףһס
ڿһ׵ʱֶ໥ΪӪѰԼĳʳ
ֱһԶĵطֶһͷһӺָɢ׷ЩɵģĸСһĶ
ֱ߽ЩǰһߣҲֻƿƺԸһһ£Ȼѹ
ԭڵȶЩһųõġҲ˵ֱЩȶˣȶкġǣЩȴҲǷĴڡǰҵ֮ԻЩܣΪ׿µĶǣұԴĸʡ
һ㣬֪ˣԼסţ붾Ϊ飬Ҳкβ׵ġң෴ģڵȶԵʣԺֻҲ̫Щ￿
˶ҲԾнⶾá
ⶾ
뵽ⶾͻȻ뵽˷׿ȡ
Ǹ˵ˣеĪ
ңڼǰҲֻһСѾͷƬӡƾʲô÷׿¶ϣ
棬᲻Լû͸ĵط׿ȡȶֻ˵ȣҲĪĸϵϧڵֻǱҪȥǲ׵ġ
Ȼӡ֤ԼڵȶЩʮҲӦµġǣΪܴ߳ȥ׿ôյˣɲ˺¶ץ輸͹ȥġ
ԣ׿忴Ǹһ˼ĹЦˡһº͵ĸο̾˿׿壬ҾƳѾͷлԵġڿǵ۹⻹ǲġ
ǵȻҵ۹ⶼˣôܿءѾͷȷʵǲġҲ̫ͨһ㡣
˼ôӦЩС㻹˵ͨ˶һİ˵ˣչǸңܶЩСãҲùһʱء
⵽ҲǡδİԱֻһˣǲʣһǡ
ŵĸ˲֨
ϲѾͷ׿һ
ڣһǰߡ
׿壬ʱǻٷһЩ߱ɡ㿴ЩȻŶҲԽԺˡǣЩʵֵġ
ٸ̸Щ㲻̸֪Щĺʲô
׿ƺԸĻ
һȺ󣬸˱졣
Ŷ뿪ٴ̾һ
꣬ΪȥҲòѡ͵˶ӵڣȴܻԼѡǶԻǴģ붾Ϊ飬ҲűһʱҾԼ˵ġ
ֻһĺܶͨĸֻöӻȥֻҪܻȥʱ뷨ôԸġΪڵֻ֪͸Ӻ󣬶ӻһ޷ˡ
˺¸꣬꣬ȴ֣ⷢͱ˲һˡ
Ϊ£ȫŰöСһǾˣҲ᲻ϵġ
飬Ϊһĸ׿ＱȴҲֻοš
Ҳֻϣһ߽ģӴԺҲһļҾͺˡֻǣ쵽ô
׷˳̾һ
Ϊʥ֣βٵĸ˲
ȴβˣӵĲ
ԶüҲԣȥǸ̸һȥء
һ뵽СʱǸԲཱུģֺСѾͷ׷˵ЦҲº
СڳˣŻǻһˣҪЩ붴ġϧҼҶӣֻһģ
˵棬ٶ໰ǣĬȻȴȻġ
һ죬һƬ棬ֻQһֻҰţЩһĶǣŵѪζʱһӿϡ
ҲʱʶԼӶĹ๾С
뵽滹ݵһģһҧתȥ˳Ȼ׿ΪνĿˣһЩõĶ磬ߣиֵߣԼ֮ĶСֻǸ˵еһУҪԼȥ棬ҲԼȥ
ܵӵļУǰһͷڱֶʳҰţ
˿˵ӣᲽǰȥãҰţԳԡ벻Զһ룬ͻȻ;ƽ˲١
׿Բ뵽һŮ˵ԽܡȻĻͲôѽˡ
չ飬ˡԭεεѾͷȻôôε°ӵУ



һپʮ£ѰԴ

ರѶ
ֻûǡϾЩһ滹жشڵġǣʱؽҲû취ˡ
һѶһĵطиһӺתȥ
⣬һΣһѿôÿ⣬ԵĽζ
׷˿ӦǿĹڲͷǸӦˡ
ڲҲףţȷʵǱһҪӦǿһЩ
ڲֹǿһЩǰЩֻҪһЩˣֱŵˡ;ŷǱּΪˡôദҲǲϰ߿ôĶﰡ
ϰߣһű°ӶĹϰ˲ء
ǺǣǵүҪ¶ԭɡʱԵһĶ
ڲǸǵĳߣЩҲǱ°Ӷ׼ʳõġ˴ϻۣԾǿġ
ô飬ڲĹҲţǶԵġ
ڲ˵Ķԡ̫Աˡ⺢ӵ飬еùϲ˰
ڲ˵ĶүųġǷˣүԣ˶ԷкøУԵģҲֻΪ˵¶ѡ
ڲ㲻ҪгɼЩǸΪĺӣֻǵԼչ˲ˡλӣ֪ô¶⺢ӾͱԸˡʵıǲġ
֪ڲԶӻģ׷˱Ͻοôķˣڲʲôء
˰ĵҲ̫һ㡣оĵˣᱻõļҵİ
Ǻǣ㲻ҾˡˣɣʱǲҪѾͷȥأ
뵽һȥûٻ׷ֵˡҲ֪ôˡ᲻ȥԵĶ¶
һ뵽ЩķǣȴҲﲻæֹˡʱĽ޵ҵԼλʦ
ǿһðҵϱҵȻеҩɽѩ˿ȫˡ
вԼͽܣλʦض㡣ⶼʲôģΪʲôǻô˵ͽܡ
ðȻô鷢ءһ϶ǵġ
ǻ˼˵˵겻հɣһĿ͸ɶһ˷ܵӣ붼ƵĻŰ
ʦʦǣЩͷˣ⺢飬ǻǰæô¶ɡƽʱԵԼôڶһˣô벻취ˣ
һᣬʦָưˡ
ҲˣӦжˣûкʧ٣˵С㲻Ǳ°Ӷȥġԣڸұ֤°Сˣİˡ
Ľ޵Щ㲣Ǿû
飬Լֻ侲ܾȳС£ֻҪ
İˡҿáֳҵһ²⵵ĻⶫһֶйĶµġѾͷϣ㲻һֽȶĽҩ
ȶĽ޵۾һ
˼˵ڵȶ¶˳ˣ
Ǻǡ㻹ͽܣҶָЩһɲʵô
ʦЩҡͷͽܰöС
һ˴¶͵ָʦˡ
ٺ٣ʦҾ˵ǵȥֳȻôᷢôĽ޵ڵ֪ҲǸϽЦ˵ûʦǿġ
Ϊҵһ͵룬⼸ʲô˽Ӵܱʲô¶
һһֱԺеӰֳĽ޵¼ǲ˼˵
ǰһʱͲ꣬ǵĸʱǸҲΪǵĵˡ¶пܡӦˡ
ŶǰһӴǼѾͷǸǸʲôĶʱ򣬾¶ʦֱ˵üѯʣ
ǸˣľߡС˵һȥǸɱԼʦֵ顭
£Ľ޵¾Ͱѵ׿˵˳
Ŷ˵ôãʶأ϶룬ϣʲôвǣ
ʦһʣ˶ʵɫѿ
ӣ
ҧ˵һ
ûӣһ˰ҼǵãͽܣҲҪͽǸƴǸɹˣܳΪ²ഫߡ



һپʮ£ɻ

ǵ˼ĶǶµģĽ޵¶Ϳˡ
ͽܰǹңôȥСŮ¶һУ²ģӦǶӵĳͽΪǼһͽжˣ
ʦ紺Իش𣬡֪Ӧֻʣͽܡһжӵˣ˵ǸΪĺײϣһֱћ˹Զͽ֮һ
˵ǶӣҲЩͽܡɼ˵ʤˡ
ʦüⶾһֱͽܣֶΪԭôͽԽԽˣ
ⲻϵ
⼸Ҳ⿴紺
紺Цֻ֪Ӱͽܣȴ֪ͽΪʲôҲ֪֮ԻôͽܣʵֿܡһǣԼʱͽȥԾһߵ͡ͽ⡣˵ⶾĳҵĹʦˣİŮˣǸҵĻʺ󡣶ʺΣͳΡͽܣ޷ǾΪǸҸ˲š
˵ڶ󣬼˶
ǵڶǸ鷳顣ҾȻŵڶΪֻܽΪʲôЩĹܣ˼¡϶Ǵˣò뵽һҡ
ʦ˵꣬һĽ޵¡
񣬿Ľ޵¿һ¡˵ѩǹˡѩǹŮһλϲŮˣ
һ鷳顣
ǣҲⶾӵΪһģʧ٣ͻһ鷳顣
ΪѩǹˣΪĸԭ򣿲һ֣Ǹ鷳顣
ˣ£²ҲáҪģǰСѾͷȳ
ǣôҵӵ顣¹Ľ޵üʼ
ʦ鱨󣬻ǲһġҪռһЩ鱨ڵ㴫˹
Ҫڶ鱨ҵ̫׵顣
ǣĽ޵ϸѯйڶӵһк󣬻˶ˡ
ӵϸϣٸһݡ
Ϊ֪סĵطԣĽ޵²òϸ顣
һæڵ顣
ĽݸһСһĽһ˴ݶܾãʲôҪҪ
˺ð죬Ż𣬽ǸѾͷ˼ҵӡ
ɶûͬʱôܵ˵ң
һ뵽ǸŮ˵ĽĽôҲƲסϢ
һߵС檽ӡ
ҿ㡣
˵Сί뿪תĽȥСݡԶԶģĵطһĪʧС
֪ô¶Ѿͷˣǻ⣬ǣ
뵽̺ĴзʱǹôҲƲס
תŲܿԷȥ
ԺûǸӰΪֻԺﲻţǹ˺þãǲˡ
Ľ޵£ҲĽ갵˼
һ̧ȥ
һСߴһӹһ˿ꡣŹǰ
깫ӡ
˵ҵµˣһϲƣô˳
Сһ£ǰĽ޵˵õһЩ˵ǵ˳
Ӻȥɢȥˡǰ˵ȥȹһοֵʱ⡣ԺҲһĻ䡣
Ľס΢һȷԺû˺󣬱ת뿪
뿪ܰ檣Ҫ뿪ôҲüһɡ⸮ûĸˣԵģӦüһģ
ţԶ
Ҳ֪ѾͷûУ»ģػ˯ء
̫ˣѾͷһֱǸ֪ʶȤ˶ĻСʧڱڸء
Զȥ÷ŮĽü÷ϵġôĸˣԽĺˡ˵ͷ÷ԺȥʱҲԽĶˡ
һ뵽ĽڤǿˣĽûɵһա
ںү˵⸮үˣû䵽ͷʱһܾûǲ̤ʵġ
ңĽڤʵҲĽƣԼǸʲôˮƽ˭
ĽڤĽ޵£ʮľߡ
ҪģڻһҪҡ
һӰŮԺĵλͿˡ
ûԼĹѫչ鲻ҵۣģҲֻܱסӵĵλˡΪŬô꣬ôãӶḺġ
뵽ĽãбҪĽ޵²ڸ©Ľڤ
֪ͨ顣



һپʮ£Ľڤ

ҹĽڤظ§СʱȴһϢ
ȥȴ̾һʲ֪ԭһȥүɵѾͷҲǣôôݣȥѾͷأİ̫һ㡣һȳȥ˼ңҲڸ档˵Ҳֵĺܣ븮ѾͷӦðݻһ¸ô
Ľڤô⣬;òˡ
ս֣ͨ˵Ѿͷڸ棿
԰أ˵ǾүҲڡǸС˵ȥȥ˰ɡҪ˵ɣүôԺգѧԺ棬˿佱ĴڰɵãˣҲܹˡȥǸ棬ҪڸЦء
˵Ľڤɫ˼֡ͨϽ΢ū澶ˣүĪҪ𷣲źá
Ľڤ˿ɫ尵νһﲱȸ˾ơ
޷÷Ǹ˶ү㻹أôء÷ĿЦȥүϿ͵ĺģ죬ūһܲסˡ
Ȼ˵ܲסǻŮȴһǰ湰ŮˣĽڤһһѳɵͨүðŪ²˴Ŷԡ
ᰡү
һϯĽڤ߳Ժӡ
СģǿԳЦͨǰĪ͸ֳģķ欵Ѿͷ
ʵҲǶమֻҪռǸŮˡôɫôľ뵽˻Ľ޵δɵûɵľ͸ӷꡣ
Ϊ㰾
ˡ
һ˦Ľڤ̧뿪
СĬȻ
⼸ŸС檣ԼߵѾͷڿ飬ˡˣͶѿ
С÷Ķɢҵͷ½⳶һ㣬ܳȥߵݡ
÷С㣬СĪԹū澰
СſѾͷǰԼĴѾͷʮʱ͸ˡ
ΪȰ˵ԲŴӦ˸Ľڤ檡
˼ȥԭһߵѾͷƿصġ˭룬ѾͷɹȥˣľͲˡ
ҪģѾͷƺԽҰˡ
÷ԽƯء
ԲԵһ仰İ÷Ե⡣ȴһϻ̳Ͽֵӡ
С㣬Ī˵ū澵һУСġңֻܰæ̺ŹӣŷһЩӾͺˡ
µӣС԰˰֣ˣҺ̺Źӱá
ǣū澽С㣬ԣǷ˵Ľ̻塣
ȵСϣ÷Цվָ̺ѾͷŴչ
ӣвء
ǺǣҴС͸˽ʲôˣҲ֪ôӦЩ꣬ǲСűֵĲ̫⣬ôнĺء
ӽú֪Ҫõõδñӵȡ
ǣǸС㣬δֻ޸ˡС㳤Ĳ̫ѾͷģмΪ˲СעһֱԼóªһСǰԸ棬һ˳
Ȼ޳󣬵һͨӾ뵽
һ뵽ЩԼ˵࣬÷ٶž棬ԼԽĶ۾
Ұ÷ͲǰһġȵһӰŮ⸮ĵλҲԽι̡ʱҿС㣬Ҫ£ˡ
һ߶̺ѾͷӣİȻȻԽƯŮˣԽж
߳ԺӺĽڤԽԽòԡ
֣÷˵ҲеһС檣оųȥģ٣Ҳüˣܳȥɡ棬ѵǷ˺£
תĽڤԼСˡ
һ󣬲һԲӾ㱨
˵ϾүͳȥˡСݵһλǿҲҪû⣬ǲܵġ
ãõĺܣҽȥү˳Ҳ˵һ£Сŵ⡣
ֻҪү棬ǿѹһĽ޵£ʱܲ¶ԭ
ò˵Ľ껹ƵļԵġ
Դ֪Ľ޵µ˺ĽڤľҪĽ޵¡
һΣǴסĽ޵ʧ飬¡
ҹĽڤȥ˵ԲֻһŵĽɽӣֻһͷʾһ󣬱ͷ
үǰʱ˵Сŵ˲ٵĽҲ֪ûТ˳˵һкüǧءǼСſǵһ۲



һپʮ£һ̣֣

Ľɽĺ¶ˡ
Ҫ֪Ľ޵Դӵ˽֮ҲʲôҲû
˵һˣ˵ԵĹ棬һЩ黭֮ġҪģСŵ黭˵ܳɫ
߳ȥüͬ˵ҪӵĻƫƫ⵱ĻûСô˵飬Ľɽһ;ˡ
ˣ˵Сſǵһյ⣬һ˵ܹŹֵļɽѽ۲ĺܡ
˵һ㣬һᣬĽɽ͸Ľ
Է
һɣĽڤɵĺٺЦһӲ˺ֳ롣
ˣǸ˵СŻѽ˵ѾͷǸƯѾͷǰͺϡġǸǸ˭ݸҲһءºݸˣѾͷǲҲǸɫģȻôеݸҲϡء
ĽɽԽԽһš
Գȥ
Ҳ˵ˡⲻǿֻҵôҲԣֻȥСţ󲻼˰ҲˣѾͷӦԺ밲ʺһôǸңڣҲӦߵİƫƫСҲ߯һЩȻСȥɢˡϾ˵ġ
˵ʲôһ£Ľɽˡ
ţǺöӣϾͳȥһֱ
˵СŴѾͷȥɢ˰Ҳ֪ѾͷǸʲô˰ȻСŹߵСǼɫĵӣҪǱѾͷʧ˻꣬ԺôΪ
һ£Ľɽɫѿ
ɫ粻뵽Ľ޵жҲԼ
뵽йҪǸѾͷ顣
ǰ˵ΪѾͷִĽơΪֹ˲֪Ľ֪ġ
巿ӣڿǴгϢѽȻڱ߹ˡ˵ĹŷͬСɵĹϵԺٻ巿¾ҪԼƽƽˡ
һ뵽ٿĽڤĪľ;øӷꡣһֱүܳĴڡ
һءĽ޵»ͷԵõĶӣûһ͵ġǸСٲãһø˽Ըˡ
뵽Ľɽڤ㻹ǺšǸطȻһĹٶλãȴǼҪġǵеͣҲܰŪȥôһʱأҲӦ֪ǸطʵǸķʲɡ
Ľڤ΢ݡ
Ҫ˵ǲô䣬ֻ浱Щǵһ
ˮѧĶһűȲϵġ
ǲ鳭Ҫ󰸼ʱǰ©ȥˮǴһ룬ĽڤϽȻģڸҦϴѧŰ참ءֻҪһ׮ˣᱻΪְʽԱ
⻰ĽɽһЩ
棬ȻҪӵλøҲ룬ķʲΪ׼ġĽݼҰЩԽǵ˲졣ҲҪһЩ㰡
⻰Ľɽδмζ
ߴ۽ʮˣĽڤЩ㶡үȻҲʮˡ念ҲǲԣǳͷͣǿҲһֱһ۷糤ĸо
ͣ;ϳɼʱ˵ٻ϶ʮ궼ڻ¡ƫƫʱͻ˵˵ľɥЩܲˡ
ô˵Ļ
Ľɽһ㶡԰ô˵еӢĩ·Ļ
üһһЦҲĩѰˣôĲΪԼһʱ򡣡
⻰ĽڤŻòôһ¶
صĶҲһ㡣Ȼʱ巿˵ĳԽǣүҫ˼ҶˣҪǺÿ
ĽڤľⲻܰɣôţҲôðɡ
ӵλãչҪڴ󷿵ĲŶ԰巿
Ϊʲôͷô϶巿Ѳɣǵ˵Ľкα䶯ɡһ룬Ľɽѯʣ㷢˵ľ棬أĽϢ˰ɣ
ߣҲǵ˼˵ġʵɣҰĲСȥԼҵȥˡҪСӳɳֻ£үҫʱпܱ巿˶ˡ
һλ»ǰܾò̫ءöʱԼĽ飬֮ģλ»⡣ȥүѫҪ䵽˭治˵ԼļǲĻô浽ʱķ治Ҷ



ڶ£ԵĴ

ǳֵĹǣһֱүڣҲˡһĽƳ˻ĶһԼЩĹѫɾҪΪˡ
һ뵽Ľɽü
Ǽʱ򣬵ʱּûʽΪү
Ľڤİˡ
չ飬ϻǲһЩԼһӣڿҲˡ
ʧ䣬ĽɽҲû檴򷢺Ľɽζ˵һ䡣
ڤо仰û߹㣬е飬ûһ̣ʵԶҲ֪Ĵ𰸡ЩҲҪһ̲յĽ
һŸղĽɽ˵ĻĽڤĻ᲻Ⱑ
۾ٿػҰġͷڹҪӵᡣ
ҪһЩҰģǵʱĽ껹Ҫˣ⸮һУԼġ
Ǻǣͷ˵Ҳǳġһ̣ûĽȺүλõʱĽ޵£лİ
ˡǺһʱִԲ򡣡
ӵҰģĽɽһЦ
ҪһҰģʵļ̳ˡ
һгĻһĶӣĽ꣬ļ̳ˡ
΢ۣĽɽٽһˮΪѵı˲ţŵԽйѫһУҲԸ巿档
巿չǸһƤĴڡԼĶǵһóģǵóģҲ⼸ĺáң֮ԻûڵһʱΪһ߶
뵽Ľɽ۾˼ԣǣȴ˼ܵϢ
Ľڤ߹ţ׼ûŻĽ޵µĻٵĺܣϾôˣ˼ңҲӦðӵλϵôǵΪֹͷҲɼĽ޵治ĳ谮
һҰֵñӣչĽ޵ʧȴ̫Ļᡣ뵽ĽڤһαֻҪлõ⸮õȨƣԺҪһʲôѾͷҪһƵһֵܵİ֮ġ׵¶
ʱĽڤҰĿǰǣûһ̣ŵõȨơΪٻȥʱСŶŵƽӹҲ˳˼ֻ֡ΪСϣܴԼһЩһȨƵġ
ͬʱעĽ޵һ˵мҲԵ顣
õһϢĪĽꡣ
ȥȥԽĺݣҾԽİҪ⣬ҪȰڰ

⸮Ľ޵ºǲġĽ޵»ƾŸֺҪҵԼŮˡ
ԴӱһŶԺ֪ԼصҲ͵Ȼ
ǻһˣһֻԼ͸ֳªĶΪĵطŵû˼ԵġһЩһʦࡣ
ֱСôü꣬ȻżĽ޵»µȥ̽˵Ҳһ˵סʱӶࡣ
ȻЩֲĶеģҲĹ򣬶ЩҲϰһЩңֻѹЩӽҰţû¡
񣬿ʼԺɫϡ
ʵֻҪõĺãҲһζʳ磬ֳֵֿߣζҲǲġЩצЫӣֻҪǵĶȥҲһζʳ
ţеģһֱڶģҵʵʵ
ôһ룬ЩЩԼΪͬ࣬˵ǶڵĶʵηеġЩһֱŵȶӦĪĸϵ
ֻҪǣЩС᲻һֻֻļ̶أ
Ϊ飬רһͷеɲߡ
ߣʵֻݵĵطжֻҪԴǿ԰ȵġ
ţˡ
߹ȥʱ߾ߡһҪӣǣ˿ûйȡ
ڲʱٳ֣ѵߣǿסģݺһӻ
ɿ˲ƣֱ̯ǶҵԺһˮأһ߾ųˮһ߰ܵĶȻĵطһ޷ζһȻС㾡ȫ£Ǹоġ
Ȼ˼ţԲôҪӳȥǲܵˡǣջ취ӳȥ
ôһ룬üҲ֪ǸôģҪԼô棬Ϊ붾ΪģĿʲô
ĴСͿ



ڶһ£겻

Цɣƭ˵һ飬һǷһЩϣһ㡣ɷڷ׿ϣҲŵġ
ֻǣҲǶѣżĹ򣬱ôܡ뵽ûɵЩꡣ
Ҳ֪ʦǱôˣһЩһֱڲ²⣬Ӧһӵ֮Ȼôȴǲö֪
оһ۹Ǹ߶ϵεġ⼸۹Ҳű˲١ΪԾʰߣǴʱסӣҲǰƷá
׿Ǳʱ򣬿ȻһµӣЩĳ
Ѿͷ⣬ʱ򣬻Ż᲼סĵط
Եİڷһµĵطò̾ЩʯͷЩյҶҰ֮ģɱѾͷֲöҲԵڲͬ
ʰ߶Σڹ氾תʱ㿴ǸģȻԼǰˡ
ֻŲͣӷһ߶תȥ档һۻһĿӡݵ׿ǰһԿֻĿӡģȴһļÿĿӡ
׿嶢Ŀӣɷ˵ֱ
Ҫүһ㡣
ľ棬ֻʼ磬ȻǰĴֲڿӣƽʳ
⣬ԺȵҲ⣬׿尵ۡŮˣԶΪԸ񣬵εĺܰ
ûһĺô
۵ֳЩ̧ͷɨһǰˣû뵽Զ㡭˵Ļ治˵İ
׿סһЦСѾͷû˵ʵͦ˼ģ룬ҿЩ˼ˡ
С;ãһ˼СӣҪ񲻶ڳŷˡ
ô룬Ҳǲԡ׿Щɺġô粻衣
һĽ޵µˣһ㣬Сˣ
ſӵȻ߬
Ǻǣ²˰û뵽ôһŮˣһˡһˣһ
̧ͷŬӣ˵ġϾЩ֤Щȥ޷мܡ
֪֮Ѿͷأھ̤ʵĸűүأҲȥұˡ
˵꣬Ӻһ㣬̧°ͣ΢еʣкĿĹ⻪һͷٵ˿ɢ˫磬ҫۡϣҲҰһͷСè˺ǣһϲĴڡ
ȻЦӹֻǹԳŷˡ
ŵЦȥãõĺܣûĸŮ˸Ȼķҡ˵һ
ԺҲеڶԼ㳪ϾǾҲᱻ˷ʱ򡣡
ͷ۲ӣ˵˼
ǺǡһɹԼϢ
ѾͷҸʱ䣬Ҫ㣬ʱڰҡҲԺʱ֪ҵĺô
죬տڵҲף
ҵ˼
׿ͻȻһתֱתǰ˵۶ۣǶԱǣܽϢòڱ˴˵ϣе̡Էϸ΢ëףܿ
Ǹô˵㻹С˵ң
üԿˣе㲻˵ʲô
׿ḧ۶ϣϧһأ㱻ЩɰСΪǵעз޸װ
߬ȭͷԼġ
ԭǸЧ
֪ΪʲôҪʮŻΪʮ궼زסӣⱬˣôŮѹġ㻹ãȻƯҲϡأôľ͸¶һ㣬㻹ֵĲ
Ҫ
ǵģΪֻ㷢գҲȷ㣬ֶֻҪҿסڵЩСɰڣ㲻ٱĥġ㵱Ұʲô
׿ͣ
˫ϷʵĿϷǰ˲䡣
ȴüһ㡣˵˵ɡԸ˵Ҳ㡣
ƺе⣬Ҳ֪Ľ׿ֻŭһ˲䣬΢һ
Ҳµʱڣ룬ǲġ갡һŮ˵ʮ꣬ٵʮꡣǻԽԽƯġңû֣ԴЩС󣬾ģҲԽԽôʵЩӵЧѹ



ڶ£Сţˡ

Щӣ֮⣬бĹЧڣʳ¹Լ壬òһ
һΪһֱأһүһʱ˵ء
׿һ¶ǰ䵭Ůˡ
ǣȴһתֱͰѰʰᵽԶһĵط
Է
ƵĳԷ׿ʼ磬ˣүã˵һᡣʵӦô壬ᷢɺ󡣻УƤ٣ûһ覴á˵ǳĺܰ𪣬ҲһЩһİߵ֮ġûС۾ɡһȣҪĿࡣ
ͷǰԼȻƤڰ𪣬Ҳ飬ЩҲϸġʱ˵ģǰһԼû̫ĲͬɣɲΪһЩڵĹŹֵĶߣ˵СԼĸоⶼƭİɡ
ǺǣҵĺûôͲءܻûע⵽һ㣬Ǿ壬УɢһĻĵʡȻôôΧءʵֻһ˶ѡѾͷô꣬УҲ󣬵ȵǸ˳ɳ󣬲á
׿˵ҡ뿪
үסˣһУֻСүҩ󣬲ȥˡȻ͵űɡһ룬Ĵڰҵ⼦
⼦
ʣЩΡ
һ̣ڿȷ׿֮ԻԼǰȶֻ£һ̥ǣҲΪ˺ٱ⼦
ȻƯˣȴֻܿŲз޸סǣ壬ɢһ˵Ļ֮
ѹ֣˿Էü𡣵˳ʱ̽һȵҵһҪͶʵĶͻһһ˵ˣ͸ˡ˼ȥʬƵĻš
ôСţҺô죿СšСš
ʶһ㣬Ҫʧˡ
ҲʱŷӦԭСڲ֪Уʵͱ˱˸Ҫĵز
£һֱʵֻǵܵġȻʵ֤ڲ֪гԽȥ
֪ԼСŵĽ޵£һһԺˡ
ӦҪҵһׯԺˡûˣֻ˵ǶӺͽܸɵ顣
Ľ޵°߬ȭͷ
֮Ի뵽Щׯ԰ʵΪЩ˵ԡ
ʱϸԱȵʾһﶾǣҪھʵҲô׵ġ
룬ǴŵЩиɫӵҪطġһĵطѹͲӦǵĹԣģǿԺ䡣
Ժ䣬Ҫ󣬶ңڳʪҪƧ
ϾЩһҪʳȻ͵췴ġ
ӣ붯һǳڱܣڼ״̬£ᱣŰ
ӣǽȥˡ
һȺߵˡ
Ľ޵°߬ȭͷһˣЩԼԴԭΪ԰Ͷ뵽һЩϣ˭룬һ
ھ޴ϣĽ޵濴©еۣȴеůָоȫĺࡣ
ʧԺĺֲɱڷ
˵Ҳ֣Щֻ꣬ҪҪʱȥһڵĺͻȥǰôãϸһζƺȶйءҲ˵һʼʵϵģ
죬ʦ˵һ£ҺǲΪԭ򣬲Ż˴˿ġ
ȴʱġǣȴġŴ򿪡Ǹãһ̽µĹڴţĽ޵µŲõЦݣ
Сš
˲䣬ЩĵǣҲʱ¡ǰ˼ֱĻ
§ŵ˲䣬ǿŶģ̤ʵࡣ
Сţܿ㡣
ǰ߬£Ȼˡ
Ľ޵Ϣڵĺȥһ̣ǹɶǹɾʧ룬ȫʧ

Ϻֱ鲻ԽǺһ
İ͸žŵᴥе̽еڰοԼСţǹ㡣
ֽ§Сţˡ



ڶ£Ӧ

õôҵĻӦĽ޵Ȼе㶡ι
˵һǽ󣬿СգĽ޵ɵɵ֡ǵһΣŮ鰮ϣʵԵĽǣĻȴ˲͵˵
Сţֻٷްɡ
͸ſɬĻΣǣȴ˾
Ϳղŵļ鱻ת˱ѡ

ΪʲôҪộǰһãһ˲䣬ȴְǿдק˵
Ҳ֪ڵȶͬңҵϣһĻϢŻᱻöˣŻڿ֮Ϊħԭ򣬾ڵһɲһϢòˡ
Ľ޵ҡͷ˰죬˿Ҳ˵㲢ΪϲҲԸһ𡣶ǣΪ֪ڵȶԲŲһģ
̧ͷտɻ󣬡԰һô
Ľ޵Цݣҵɵ㰡ǡôһأ
㲻ԸһųҡΪѵԭŲһ룬㲻ҵġҵСɵϣ˵һô
Ľ޵СӣЩ㶡죬Ҿãһİ
ҵĿɰС
ʱĽ޵ȷԼС㣬Ǹô鰮ˡ
̷棬ʵеµġðɣһֱСҲϰһһ۵ĻšԵģҲ̫עصġ
ˣĽ޵¾ԺСӣвٵȤˡ
ǸǶӣͽܣ
ͽܣСɻǵãǸ棬һĸǰһΣ˸¶ˣʳͣҲ飿
һᣬĽ޵Ļǰ±
ǣҼǵú
ǵãһȥܸоʲôʵ룬ֻ꣬ǸвٵĶġ
˽з׿壬ֻϡͷһ죬Ͳǿܷټ˵һԺҲûˡ
Ŷ˵ôʦİǣɲǳصġԤ֪ɼǶгġ
ţҲ֪ǰˣɵɵĴ棬ֱǰҲ֪ˡ
˵꣬߬֡
Ҳ֪ô£ֻһ𣬲Ż̤ʵ
̤Ҳ⼸ԼľһЩҪ˵˳
ãֻҪ˾ͺá
ֻܵһЩţҲνġ
ЩǣڱģԶˡ
˵ЩԼ̫Ϊˡ
Ҫ֪һŮӦÿӾͺô⵽ã˼ҹ˼죬ѧ˳Ը
СĽ޵µɴ۾
ΪҲԼͷңҾǾЩЫըųԣͦġƲסըˣһЩҪǲԣԺ󣬴˾Ͳ˾ǡ
㰮ԣ
͸Ľ޵鼫áԭС㲻ûŮζҲһֱǸ߰ģһ˶
ֻǣǱûԼ
С㣬˿ɰ֡
ûи߹㣬ʵɰġģŶһֻСӡٶʳҲãһ̵㣬ġ
ü˵һֻС󡣡Ʈһ˲䣬Ľ޵ƺŵ˺ӵϢ
ս֣ûϵҲǴ󰡣ˣÿĳԵģҳԵġ
һᣬͷڼԷӡ
ţȷʵİÿԼĳʳСߣԵġ
кöΣСߺڻ뵽ͷҲǷ
һֻȣֻһֻ˹ĵСʲô
һͷȷʲô
Цһ⣬ҲԸó
ԣһ˫۾˽ŵ֣ദһӵӣİҧȴ׵Цˡ
ȻٺΣܳζǸÿҲֻԵģġ
ϺĽ޵²˵Ϊʧ٣˹עǺүǶҿԴֻǺԺһЩˣҪ㡣
˵ţ֡
ʵǶԲס
ֻܸһ檵ݡԣˣҲֻһЩ֮ͨĴڡ
޷ģ£ʱҲүǶԻᰲٵġ
⼸Ǻһ档Ϊʱ˵ҪϿĻȥǱס˼졣ͻڡһȥ
áȻ׵ˣõһ߶
ֻǣǰΪСţҲǵóѡСŵģҲҪΪԼҪŬͻǸءֻҪһСŵŮˣôܳΪ⼦ô



ڶ£һ

СţڵĿ꣬ŬŮˡ
;һ仰Ľ޵۾ɢһĹâҲź
۵ֳ
Щΰѵ׿Լ˵Ļ˳
Ǹ˵Ļƺǰҵ⼦һڵĶزͬյĽ֣ǿƲסڵ
׿岢û˵ֹǱңڱ󣬿ٱһڹƸɵһһѳӳ죬Եһȼǵҩ
˵ֻҪһҩĭϰ˵ļ
ʱʵǻִ㣬ò˵һΪգҲΪɲġ
ԭ
֪СҪԼŮˣֻΪҪأĽ޵»еССʧ䡣Ϊ
ţ£֪ġԺʦлˡ
ʦĴˡ
Ƕ벻Ҳ̫ԵһЩ꣬ǻʱ䡣
صµһʱ
ǻˣǰþͺá
һʧ٣Ż⸣ŵһȺˡ
Ҷá
һ±߰ת뿪
ӴӴⲻô
һת˸ŽüǹĵİŻ㱻ʺ򡣿ɼڻǺӵء
˲ǱˣĽڤķ˰÷
ȻŴǸط󲢲Ǳ෴ģȻװгգǲŴӻϱ߶ժ˶
ɢķϣֻһ׵ʻµķ˿ڽ׵½ϣڵķӳٸͻһ˫տڵƳȴֲ뷨ֻһ㶯ͻᾪһ˶ȥ
ú˲š
ǰ÷ҲֻԶڽȴǲƼġһѾͷ㱨˵ԷĻûı˹ʵҲֻҪһүԵߵǸη
ǰֻҲһЩˡš䣬СϸƫƫһŶׯ̬۵䣬һԻĵķ˶һˣŮţϢ٣١
οЩѪյĹСүءʶԼЩʧ̬÷ҧǿԸԼҪ侲
Ҳġ
£һȥϴ·
Ȼףͷ뿪ǰ棬Ľ޵²ͷһߺȣ񣬿һЩ
÷뿪λү˵Ҳһλѫ˶
ӡ棬ֻһСС깫ӡɽһ˼ҵӰһͷӣңҲǾġݹ⸮棬ûĸĹӣһλȵġ
ôˣΪʲô˶ͬĳޡȴܴһѹô˿ŲʵΪʰɡ
ڿ˵˲䣬ҲһŨŨζԣɵİ취˲ɢ
Ľɽ鷿д۵˵Ľ޵´Ѿͷü΢΢
Ǹмӵˡ
Ľ޵һġĽ޵¹󲻵һǰңһδģһȻͼӵӡϵɽˮҲĽɽŭʧ˲١
ϲͲϽ뿪ϣȴǶš
һȨҷաΪһͨû˷ԼԺɵһЩźãж־ķ

һ˵̣Ľ޵»벻¡ȻҲһѵӡ
ǺһҲһЩϢ
ˣȥɡ˹죬ǿӣ⵱ӵģ
Ľ޵°üǹȻԼҪˡ֪ˡ
ת͸ֻӬƵġ
һ˶һЩȨǰլˡһλ˵ɲǸ˶
תĽ޵»ϰ԰˵ˡ
Ҫô⻰ǿү͸¶ģȻүݣôҲ˵ġүĻѽ
ҲΪǰǰ˵⻭־ĶءһֵˣҪһҲҪеĺôֻˣ˼һ˵ǻİɡǺõǣ־ԼĽ
ֻ֮ˣԼƷʵǶԼĺһ
ҶˣЩɡҲͿѻ֮ڸˣҲ޷һᴦõġ
ĵͷصӣĽ޵¹Ц뻳á



ڶ£ҲС

£ֻһ𣬿ϢҲǼõġ
Ǻǡһ̣ɬҪǡСţһƺԽԽճˡֱ˳ŻŵĸоϲҲ
ǣǻẦ£һ죬Լϰĳ軤ͻȻ˲ȷأʱҪı䣬ֻ¾ˡ
ߣǵʽûпʼء
ʽдλεɻ
ټһţȻֻѸһֲõʽҪġ
㣬οࡣ
֣ĵȻһͻȻʧ
ʵһֱźءϾСģǲ˼ҵС֮ͨġǳ󣬻ΪʱƵԭ򣬲òСŵҡ
߰ɣ֪㲻Щڵڣ⡣ϵһãֻһˡ
ϵһãҲֻСһˡ
ǣ֣߳ӣСվǶЦˡ
㣬׼ˡ
һ㣬һȾ˺ϼ
š
ӦС˰Ϻ󣬱վԺ⡣죬Ķ֮ҹûϲ֣ҲûϲıͣеģֻܵܵĸףҲֻǴӵԺ棬һʹӵΡ
ǣţһҸġ
㣬һҪҸһ˻Ҫһžһء
͸Ϣ˵ΪĲܲԾǵŵˣҲŸӡλԱǸ˶õһƴǡֻǣ֪ɩˡ뵽ǸԼҪСֶСߵü
ֿôãĸӼǿպһ
ǵʹ磬ɩǾͳ׵ķֿˡ
ϲҡҷ
Ľ޵֣صϲƣŸͷӣﴽƸӣӣΪˡ
ӣΪĴʡ
ĲܿƵһġ
㡭
ɣҲҰʽꡣĽ޵Щ
һα˳ĬСŵ򵥣žͺˡ
ͷҿһ˲䣬λε£ʧ񡣡
̧ͷ߿ഥ޾Ĳ࣬ЩĹǰ֡һ˲䣬Ժĸо
ԥţҧֵݵǰСţ𣬽Ͳǰ棬һУˡ޸㣬Ҳ㱳һвӦñһС
ţԸ⡣ҪҵҲԸġĽ޵ɵɵض𱭣һɵЦӣǺȾơ
á
ƺ꣬һκ졣ǰȾСĽ޵Ķ֣ᴥһ£ָϽֿһ㣬Щ٣Ǻã
ίַԼദ
Ƕײţţȷʵļͷ̧ͷ޹۾գգҲ֪ô찡
Ľ޵һιЦ°ͣصӡһǡ
Ժҵ̫ˣƿɺá
ˮĴ۾㲻ӦҾһֱ㡣ԭͳ޵ôһƣҪҪ
֣ȴĽ޵µ
һѱ˺ɫϲʵϣɫУ΢еۣɢ壬Ѫڡ
ɫ΢ֻӡһǡ˯
ܵѹֵʹ࣬ǸȻһЦţ˯ЩӲػ־ӦһЩʲô뵽ǰһԼǶЩŮ˵ǣҪСôһ̣ͻȻ䲻ˡ
СŵһֱһɰСӡ֪ԭô࣬᲻ܲɾ
һ룬͸ӲǴϡ
Ľ޵Ŭ۾ԼСڲȻԼѹСҲѹġʵСЩĿ䵭ˡСȶȶеĺܡ
öΣֻͲһʢĻ䣬ɢŨʱ򶼰ѳֲס
˯š
СߣܶǣҲ˯Ű
ѹ͵ģ͸Ļ̻ȭͷսɿ˷أŲš
СĽ޵ɵɵһٺ١˫ֲͷϵζ
ʵҲǷҪʲôϾҲʺ̫ࡣλʦ˵ˣҪ磬Ҳȥˡ
ҲСˡ
Ľ޵̰ζţҲСˡǾͶȼ꣡
˵䣬ƹȥȽһһ£ȴܸиܵСĸо



ڶ£һ֮ڳ

ʵҲûܵСŵС˼ûķУǸ˼ϧﹰ˹ԥһ£ԣһͲŶ
̫ˡ
Ľ޵ͻȻ䲻ˣҧĶ䣬Ĵҧˣſ࣬ˣˣԺܰҵɺӺ塣
ȴʹ࿴ˣϲô
ϲĽ޵ҧһǿסˣģΨһˡ
һ죬һûôѱţԵࡣ
ȵ̵С
ԼŪģĽ޵²һ㣬§һЩţһΣǾ͹Թ˯ˡ
ǿн˵Ļǰһ˼ҵĿʱҲĴЩϰߣԾššȥ
ߣȥģҪǹˡ
һ£ǳ׵ʵˡ
Ͼǹ⡣
ǴСһ𳤴СǰҲúΪġԣΪ˲ǣʵˡǿסԹԱ۾ֱߴһ=˯ŷ˯š
ȵ˯źԭյһſ
Żų˯Сü۸
ţСĽ
С㿴ƶׯ࣬ʵʵǲ֪ôӦ
ֻϤǰŻңһЩٵڡ
ڶ죬ֻʮһѾͷںʱЩ
Ľ޵µǵȻࡣ
Ժ̺ˡ
ǣү
Ѿͷֻû
Ϊȡ֡Ϊ⸮ĹڣҲΪˡǲʹʱٶӵԺԷչ̫һЩ
ˣòôˣҿѾͷһأһͽ°ɡǿɺá
űСѾͷŮɤֻĶ˺öࡣǣū澴һء
һԲԲѾͷǰߵллҾͽˡ
ţأ£ҲҼô֡
Ľ޵±ʾȡʲôֶǼġ
ˣרɫģ֮ҵĹԷš
Ľ޵
ףС۾ǰڴô
ūǰڼҵʱ򣬶ֻǰż˴һЩϵ¡ºΪʵ֮󣬱㲻òΪūˡ
ŶΪβأ濴ԼŮء￴һ˫鶯۾Ҫģ࿴ƽ£ƺŲĳȡ
ҼұһåѵĲˡǹһӣֻ£ǾǳԷҲûضˡ
˵ЩĬȻ˵طϵĴһС̻˼ңҪͷȥʱǼѵġ
һ㣬ҲȻ֮ٶʣţȥľ͹ȥɣžүһҵǰԺָտɴδþͻȾ̲ȥ
һҲŵģ֣֮صͷǵģ˵ļǡ
⻰еȻˣȻ֪Ľ޵һЩ顣ɼѾͷǾһʱĵˡ
һ߶ֻǺЦţȻ񣬵һ˫۾ȴҲ͸¶һʵСԻǣʧȴţѾͷʾǺġ
Сˡ
֪Լ͵ϲˣĽ޵Ҳǿġ
ʱĸȥˣҲŵ԰㡣ȻͷҲǸ鷳顣
ӵԺ̺ĸɫԱһ˵ĸڷġ
ǰƽ˲ôܹĽ޵һСңöǷȥĽ޵²ܵЩѸ׳󣬲ҷչ
ǣڴϵһЩ飬Ǻܿأȥ˴˵Ȩġһ㣬Ҳƽలµԭ֮һҪⳤĵĸԺֻ¾ͻͬ
ԺɻľߵҲԼεˡ
һ뱻˼Ҳûж𡣾Ϊѡūŷ棬Ľ޵ºּһҪԼŵĹġЩԺһūţٵڵİӣūԺеҪλ
Ľ޵µСˣСߣЩСߵԽĽСʱЩ̥жҲٺҷ
ϹŴĽһϰȥСԺ壬˲ԣԺСߵǲܵӰġ
һ⡣
ԷҲԺӡԣûŮ˵£һҲͳҪ



ڶ£СԺҲҪƹ

һ֮ƣ
͡
ԺͻǲҪģΪ˺û̫ҪЩһֱԺšһţģƽʱֻһЩĴʹ֮в֮ġǲ⣬еһ֡ҲֻǼְġ
Ľ޵Ҳ֪ӦвٵԼˡԣһжи
֪ˣԺͳԱϵĶôడ
ʱֻĸҪԺ˵ġ
ţǲģǰֻҺСڡгԵסľˣԵģҲ̫ƽϵġҲԺ֮ģҪͶȥ档ˣԺҪôãɵͷһˡ
ԺԺ͵ýиǰ棬ȥţȥ
һУ֪
֣ؽУҲͷ
ãһн
飬С㡣
СֻҪͻٿҲȥŬɡ
źͿʼԺһС
ԺģĿǰΪֹаһˡ
Ҳһʹİš
ʵǺҪġϾ˿Ľ档ԣڵһλһǮٰԼԱһһԺи鷢Ҳý
һ壬ҲԺģһҲ㻻ˡ
ԺҪΪ⸣ŵľۼأеԱȫҪų⸣ŵĹ˲С
ԺˣԺڹ⸣ɫԱԺˣ嵽ĸλȥ
Ժ档
Ľ޵µߣĿǰϣֻСһСˡȥչ黹̫һЩ룬⸣ŵǰѡɫԱ棬С˳
ҪǻṦġһ͸СһģǸ¶ľˡСŵֵҲиʱ򡣶ˣҲһֱͼȥиϢʱ
ʵҪģĽ޵ЩӪԽĴˡ
ֻСһܣЩҵҪæ
Ͼڶƹˡ˵ĲȷԣΪ£ҲҪȷࡣ
ɹһ˲÷չ˲š˼ǹ󣬾˼аǸΪѰ˼˵ģݵˡĽ޵µߣ˵ǲһ˲š
Сߣ˼аˣСߴͲ˽ȡɽԭ˶һмҹˡԺĽ޵³⣬Ҳиڲࡣ
ǰǸ֣ȥڣ񶼳еһͷҲ쵱
С˵Աźˡ
ôˣʵ˵һ½ŮҲǲˡΪ˷ֹĸ˽ҲΪԺԱĸӣĸ˽
С֮ĲѾͷȴЩˡʵǸ˵ĶԸȵһЩ
Ҳ̫ࡣһϤˣԺͲ׻ˡ
Ѿͷò׵̵ĲˣԺ󻹵ˡʱָԺ滹ãѾͷϲˣӵģܲ˼һ䰡ʱͼ˼϶鷴ǲˡԣһʼ;ѾͷЩɻ˵ĸˣͲģġ
һԺĸˣҵģٸҵģļҵģҵġŲ䣬ƽӣӣӡ
ĸӣĸ͸ѾͷĸСˡԷУĵһƽ˺üˡ
Ҫ˵Ҳڷ֮ڡԶֻƲ죬ȻЩ⣬ϵһЩǮǰθǡ
أɸǣԺķǮһͭǮҲؿ˿۵ġ෴ģǾԼıְе񶼴ĺãΪԷ룬Һ͹ӻĸһݹǮԷ̤ʵǾеǺô
ؽģתһʱЩ͸¶ȥ
һ磬Ͱôһ˷Աæ磬ž׼һЩʳҲ
ʵһܽһ㣬ݡǼͨɫǳȴζһĲһ
ƽɽһθڸ̹˵ˣķˣҲ̾Ĵָ
ơ
Ŷںõͬƺܸˣһ߶Сš
˵ˣʲô˵ʱϣүһһүµˡ



ڶ£Ҫŵ̫


ҭġһ߶Ľ޵Цӯӯ
ţЩǵĺˡ˵ЩҲкӵģֻΪزˡӴԺΪ¹ӡֱһЩ۸ҿµ䣬żôҲҪһ󷹵ġ˽벻ǣŵķȴļãЩҺСߵθڶˡһĳʳʡ
⣬еȻ⸮棬˵ĵλҪģĳ֮ģҲСߺСŶԺеŮˣʶһ㣬ôλҲίΣˣ
ͼ䣬ʱദһˣҲǺġΪˣʾŻǲġ
һ¡
£Ľ޵ȴȥ鷿
ڣĽ޵ȴǴһߵıһ˲
⸮ôһЩҲҪˡЩ¶֮ģԺСߺɽ涨ڰÿʱͶһЩһһЩвģǰҡ
һҪ׼ӦԣڵĶĽҩԣԺС
Сɽһߵ˲ӣЩͷʹǣǺݺݵͷ
ãҡģҾС߻ٲҾһ
ãʵҸϲûϲһţǵκһ顣һͬЩ񡣡Ӳ۾ԼСˣԸ糣ʵС㻹û󰡡ദҲġ
ôһ룬Ҳ̹Ȼͷˡ
ãһ
ôѱСĽ޵ϲһ֣Ҫ뻳ǣСǰڰ죬ׯġ
ⲻӣ±תֱԽ˲᲻ˡ
鱻˿գĽ޵ҲֻЦЦԹһ߶顣
Ƣԣ˵һһ
żһǿԵġֵ̫ˣͻʸʱˣɹһء
ֻ֪СŵԽĴˡǾô󷨣񲢲̫
ڷ˲֪֮СŵӪԽĴˡ
һ룬Ҳвǧ㡣ȥӵеĲƸ˵ɰһ棬ǿ壬ҲǴ´ˡ
СţǮ˰Щ꣬ôô
Ľ޵¿ԼõĿ϶Ҳǻϲѡ
һУⰡһЩⷬ˽ӴǵĶ飬ԵĶǹ൱ϲĶЩùķʮʮļ۸Ƕ黹ЩݻľӣʽĶзľˮ֮ģԼֿתޣȫǹҵϲݳƷ㲻֪Щ׬ˮɴˡһУҲҿǰһЩԵ˰ȻȻء
˵ǹСĹ͡ǰ˵ҪĻԵ˲ţǰءһⷬǰһȴҲңҪ뿪ʱŷһǰļ۸񣬴Ӵ˱˳ں󡭡
Ȼָ˷򣬵Ǿȴ˵˵ȥָĺã¶۵ĺãҲнһƸۡСţ
οЦݣһɢȾһĵЦһ˲䣬Ľ޵··˻
Ժһĸõġ
㡣
ҪΪµĵһߣԺҪõܡ
һЦˣ֣ģɵӣҪҿҸǮƾġҪģ١
ָ֣ŵĵطһ˲䣬Сֱͦ˱۾γǿҵҰġá
ǣʱĺɵġЩε̾
ֻԸǰһɵӡ
СţڷԽԽ˵黰ˡ
ֻ˵滰ѡĽ޵ίСǲԼ
ðգھȥŬ£飬ҲҪԻˡĶˣһ첻һʧġ
Ľ޵֣صͷŵ̫ˣһΪɿԭ첻С˵ġأ飬˭ҲҵԻжĬĬСͺá
һ룬תȥһ߶ƽ׼úùѧϰ
ںүæҪȢʱԷǲӰһͷԼ顣
ΪһһȵĿѧԺһѧĽ޵£ԣҲһֱȥȻԶ˵ǼѰĿ԰Ӧе׼ǱزٵġȻԷ棬ҲΪСһ硣ϧܣչᱻƵġ



ڶ£

Էʵвٵţиɫͤġ
һͤںϵġ
Ȼ࣬ȻȴǿҶҶͤҲưܲҶͲ١
Դڿһطʱϲһ
ڶ˰Ҷ֮Ĵ̸ɾ
˴湺źһ߶ˮһЩĵطϺɻ˵ԺͿʢٳʳ
ͤɨ֮󣬻һЩᣬҲһЩͻ֮ġ
µƯĺˮӲݵûôڻЩͤո²ȴǰңˬ
ԴŰĽ޵ºС߾Ͱط
㣬涮ܰطǰҲעֻźˮвٵˮݣһֱûôڳţôһʰԷͦġϵ̸ϯ˯þء
Сһ߶̾һ߶Ž³ĲˡһߣĽ޵¶ЮŲˣʱʱ۾һСߡСӣ²У˵ʱȴǱ˭С
ССҲϰߵĺܡҲֱЮԼĲˡ
ǰ̫ˣôһ羰ĵضô˷ءԺ죬ͶԷˡ󣬻ɢһ²˳ҺĻݣС֮ġ
ۡᵽ¶Сˡ
㰡ҷ֣ү棬ҲЩ˰֮ġֵĲˣҲЩͣҲԳԵĲˡ㻹˵еĲ˿Ÿоǲء
ʵɣ⻨԰棬һǵһЩҪֵģһЩʳãҲĻͲݡ磬ֵһҰڣǸڼժʳáʳһˣҴֵĴժļſڸкܲɣ
˵ЩҲǺܿĵġ
Ľ޵µͷڸмãҾñ⻹óԣֻСʳ̫࣬ҵֻӡ
۵Сۣõˣ񸧶ΪֹģԼࡣȵĸһʱͶˡǰҿûˣȻദЦȥ
䣬ҲֻǱ˴˹ŶԷ
ǽ̫Сˣ滹һֱ˵ʲôʲôӣ˭󵽣һֱ۸ҰңЩʳҲ
Ľ޵ըòãҳԵģһ߶ȥҪԺóԵģԺԼҸСӣ
㣬֪ڲСӣҪһѹң£㣬ѹ
֣ٳҲˡ
ðɡ
ÿζһС
Сίÿǳ棬㶼вһȰܡǣȻϣЧȷʵһһİϾǸС˾ͳһס濴Ž㲻Է
һĲӣһأū滹гЧСͷ˶ȴҪΪһЩʳִҲߡԺٿҶˡ
һɱ˰
Ľ޵ߵСһۣСӣͲӦװ
ԺСӼƽˡ
㣬ҲС˽ˡС˵ֲ꣬˳ˣ˽ýΪҿС
ͣеĥĳ嶯
Ľ޵ԹӣҾãбҪҲһС֮ġСӾȻСҷȻڸСʳͻȻᡣ
ҪϷ룬̵Ĳ̣Ҫʱ
ŮشҴææ
ү巿
巿
һֱԸⱻ֣ȴã
С߲վǰǱ͵ӡ֪һūŻһסôҲ񲻺ϵġ
ȥӭһӭԳԾ󣬱Ͻ
Ľ޵ȴһץס첲һֱƫЩԸἰ㣬ΪݸʧٺһֱںԺŲ͡⼸֮ͻȻ㣬кβ׵ġ
㲻ȥˡ֪˵ԼͬԼǰȴãԴϾЩ¶ǲ岻ϲġ
⸮̣ȻЩ겻ƣҲĸڡȥԿġ
ģ֓dСţ̫ˡң㲻ҳȥԺ󵫷ԺкδС¶ǲ㶼ҵһ
Ľ޵飬ҾԿ
ĻǲǼƯ˵ģ
ֻһʻĽ޵ɿ֣ڨڨأ֪ˣȥɡ꣬޷ɳһңЩ飬ҲΪԼıɳǵĵ·ǰע˵ġ
֪ͺá



ڶһʮ£̼ս

СŻǳء
ֻԵһ£ͨ͸һο룬СĽȰ
Ȱ˵ЧˣҲ޷ٽ̻
Сţô΢
뵽ﴽһߵأü۶ǽǡ
ҳ̵ɫ̫ÿɵõһЩ˵⼸ںԺŲʣ巿ҲҳһšͲ֣ūĸҲûԵĵλǰ̣˵һ˲˵أ˵һ˶үĳң̬Ⱥܲġƫƫ̾ںԺȾƣԼĲʡ¡ڣ˵Ĳˡ߳ǵԺšһͻȻãҾã㻹ǵһЩ
ĵФ£ЦţлӴСأڸ½Ҳ޼ˡʮ죬Ͱ⸮ĸɫ˽Ĳ࣬ɼ˹ġ
СأµľһЩ˸ǰʵ˵죬ҲǼӴ⸮ĸɫ
⸣ŵ͸¶һЩϢСڴϢҲ١֮ȵģ£ȵģͷСһġȻҲŬȴûôԣҲӦţŬһСѾͷıܰˡ
˻Ǻģûȥĳôôʱ򣬾Ƿչ벻ջ
з۾µһС
͵ĵطõĺǵŴ󷽣ֻһӭɡ
̴ľӣӵĲ輸ԼԶС̺ŵӡ
¯㣬Чǿһж˳ۡ
һ䱸ôݻΰʣЩװΣĽݸʲôطˣԺ⸮棬ﵱ˲ɡ
ƽЦ˵ЦأԷǻûĸôΨһŮӣЩãѲɣЩūôԽ˵ȥİ
ߣϹŵǻ˵һûϧ˼Ӳһ
ҪƽӿϽһãһˮͽڸղվĵط
ūţЩûѵһūţҲô
һҧվӱüҪ
ˡ
ǡʱɤ
ƽӰһաһ㣬һϹͷҲø̱ѽ
ӴӴﰡǼӴӴ˺ðƲˡҪƤ»Ĵݰɡ
ǰһղڵĸˣˣǵ̡
ûĲʹĿҡͷˣˡ˺ʹ
ԭѿɫ⻰ѿһߵƽĽп಻ƽʱͦ˵µˣôλѰķûءۣⲻڴ˼ҵѶ
ؿķ̧֣ļλӵƳһۣλǻȥл˵
վؿ⻰ü󵨣ūǳȥͳȥ浱Լĸˡ
ֻҪųĹģûɵģһůӿūŰˡŮˣڸĸԺУԣöūǶ̫ءҲһЩóƵģ˺ӵūǻԸ߿һۡĲűλģĽ޵ó˵˺ȳҲˡ
ƽӾüʣԼӳԿȴǳ裬裬ֻ˵һЩ£һ¾飬ѲɣһΪ˷˲ɣ
ӺҲ֪λûĵӡ
ۿؿģ̧֣ȣǳȥաҵҪŮˣԱ˵Щʲô
ǣˡ
뿪񶨶ˣȴг޵ݶ
һֱţؿĪķꡣ
澡
ˣǷϵӣһݹӻô㣿ҪôأĶȻôүǺİɣأ˴ʱ䣬ݹӵãҲ˵µͣ㵱ĸ׵ĲƲѣСĻ£Ҫβܶĺã
ʮһĽ࣬˵µ͡һ˼ңʱ򶼿ʼúɫδķѡؿԵĲܸԼŮɫ˶
ֻǶ̶̵һʣؿɱڵĸϨȥȻǰһ۵ѾͷһʱЩȻ˦־кȥ



ڶһʮһ£ͼ


ֻǣһûдʵ
˼£ؿѹѲ˱ŵ
澷֡
ˣʧǵӣҲ˵ΪݹӣΪС㣬ͲָܻǸ緢ôڵ㣬ֻԼҲɣҪңҪңǾͻָԭҡ˭˶㵱ɶֵģҸ롣
֣תߡؿĴ˰걻ƾԵӲ˼
Ȼս
ˤеĶ
ݣӺŶ󣬱Ͻȥ
ˣˡ
ҷģӽһҪΪΪ˱澣һһҪָǰؿġ
һһҧĳ⻰ǰĶٺݺһźŷȻ뿪
ڄĽ޵¿Ȼת񣬸Ͻ§ǻˡٲҶתȥ㡣
Сźǡ
̾
ô¶Ϊ㣿
Ľ޵²⿴ԺŵˣͻȻ˵϶˴̼
һӦþϢˡϾ˿Ǻþòŵ˶ԺжҲúԻġ
Ľ޵ºԵôôãоķԺֻҪ֪鱨С
΢΢һЦҵĳǴġ
һ㣬кݵġ˵Ϊūţõж
ţ⵽Ҳǣǵ˶ࡣԺɲ㰡Ȼһвԣͻᱻġ
һۣţ㻹Ҫʹɣ
ܣܰĽ޵¸Ͻҡͷ񶨡
⸣鱨Цѡ
巿ĸĪ͸͵ġһյĹɡ̾ʢװһ߶
ףǮ˻ֲ˼ҪƴǡͲø˰ɡǶһŵģοôġ
ЩͻӦġŰգôĲ䡣
⻰˿λһͰ⸣ŵ˸ءڿ㻹㡣
˷뿪Ц
һλҲǸʡĵһȴĸҪԡˣΪǺΣ
⸮棬Ҫƽѽ巿Ǳ߶Ǹ
üתԸأأȥһ⸣һС
صȻȥƺðɣЩС¶ˡ
һߴŵסЦؽľǳһǾ̫ˡ
زôŶСƤûþǲˡһվţԲᶯŵ˶Ҫһѵģһͤڶȥ
һᣬ񶼸ЦˡѾͷԴദǽһ㡣ǰɣ˿ţȴ־˾ڴһƽʱûҾ໥ԹԷ̨
һ¶ȴ໥ȡůοĽ飬뵽ºԼ£ڸźү뵽ɫ˰Ȼ²ô˵Щ飬иоүƺ£ͬ
һ뵽ôòΪԭҪүͷôôò
ý㣬ĪҪ˵˼ҵĶ̴ô˼ֻǰԣƽʱѡ¶ǺŬӴ
ȵС£ధһͷˣͳҲ㣬ˣ̺ȥתһȦ
ڶ죬Ľ޵ҪӦԵʱȻ֪⣬һϣΪҲΪԼ˺ɫ¡
һϲ·Ľ޵Ҫ§
ȴһ߶ĪҪΪȻҲ̺㴩ˡ
ɲ١Ľ޵¸Ͻһ㣬ȴǳϵĺɫ³ͣ
ҷֳһء
˵꣬ƱȻһ´Сĳߴ硣ɰߵ۾ҪˮˣΪϵֺݺһ߬
Ľ޵°ؽг۸ҡ
ûŶģøսһЩ
ְѽɢһЩĽ޵ºٺɵЦǰ˵ĶġϲŶҡ
ΪʲôǺɫ·ҳо׼ȥ׵˶һ
Ľ޵ºЦֳ˳·һĺɫСϣоǳˮܽһĪͻ뵽׵һҹڴϲ棬ǣϢϢĹһ̵Ĳ˶һĻǡļ



ڶһʮ£ڵ

һ룬ͿƲסҪǡ
ȴתٱÿٺСţģԺ治̺ˡ
ôС˵
һֱ̣ǸµС㡣
Ľ޵¿
ź£ϲе˼㰡۹ءϵļ࣬ĪҪǺˡ
Ľ޵ЦˣĪãһСҲϰɣͷҲ˵󻰣Ǿˡ
һ
ʵҲȷʵˡ
û칫ʱĽ޵ͷš
һҲû˵ϡϾȵѧԺͷҲȡϣ̫ˡ
ҵɾأɾǳԹټҷ˶ˣЩͣҾ
ЩǮ԰ɡҲء
ͷвġҪԹټʳҪģԵĲ
һʮĲ
ΪԲ˶ڶ顣лƽݣȷʵҲǳġ
ҲԣʮԺҲһʲСǮءȻ㲻ԸҪ˽ˡ
񲻿СŽ˽¡˸ģţԺٺһõ¶
ͷĽ޵£Ҳһα˾в˵ĹעͷŽͷϣҲʼʢױˡ
ȻֻǵȻϵŮչҲһšңĸףҲǵĹѫһ塣һμ޸Ľɽˣ˵Ĺע
һɫСһԶԵĽҲò̾⿤˼ҵǣǸడ
˾ڳ꣬սͷһ˲䣬ܵ˷˴ԡ
˵Ҳжʮ͡ȻЩعڼҡգȴһҲǸʮϹ෴ģˮ۾ӣһµСһ
ҲǽСģžͲһաǣһˣȴдţ˵ڸǰһЩ֮Ĵڡ
Ҳ֪ŮˣôŴһ˵ӡ
ϸĽɽ˷ϲ¾ˬԵʣһֻʮ߰˵ӡ
û̬ȴ׳ɽǳվһһС磬һߴ࣬һƣҲͦġ
վԶһĺɻŮȻ֮ϵһԡĽ޵µ֣߰ա
š
ʱҲû塣ңٻ飬ںү˵γһ־ء
תʱ򣬿˴ӵһ
ڵܣΧŶˣˣķˣǰһֱѵȻҲһȺ档
ȻûлָʮƣǿҲǰǿ̫ˡ
ڿʱ΢һһߵĶ΢ȿĽ޵£ף޵ôҪ뿪أ
һ߶ǵЦŰϣɩͲ˰ɣ˭ûʱأ뵱ʱ򣬲ҲôѾͷϡһ򰡣е㼤Ǻǡ
Ĳõϣ˵˵Щʲôأô˵ûûСġû˵ЦǺүû
һȳ⣬˲ס죬ǣǶϱˡ
ʱŲ̲زһ䡣ΪңôȻͷ¶ҹӲĥһСûĸԼĻǲа
Ծ裬ȻһսǲһһʱŰʾڵˣԷҪһĸ
Ȼ˼ɨ޵°㻹ûްɣ
Ľ޵µȻǰʩһ񣬡ڣ޵ѧҵʱԵϡǻȢ֮£ǲԸ絭
㲻òģ£ҺǲıաһԺûĸûζ
ɣǰԺڳ˺Ƚˡ
ôͷķȴʱڰүĴҪǻǸϽȥա󲻹ǸūţһЩӣӵλȥ
⻰ڳļλ˽ס
԰ĪҪΪЩС¶ģЩ˰ǸƤģǸϲ̨ΪЩնûõǵء
һνֱ˵ʮ֡Ľ޵°֣߬ȼյŭ
ֻǵЦһߡܣ˶һĻ
˽ĮЦݣĽݸͳǵһЩء߰ա߰գЩ˶һѣǲء
һȺУֱĽ޵ǰһҪ֣߬ȴٿء



ڶһʮ£뷨

żĶĽ޵µıݺݳʹ
ѹǰСһֱԸӦΪҡ
ȻǰӣʹΣӦøһЩͳأȴչֻšڣǰ¶̫ĳ谮ҲֻΪҪ鷳
һ̣ĺһӰںԺٲH֮
ӣ롣
һ̬
Ľ޵²֪ôζһԷȥ
ԺС˺ݺһȭͷϡ
ܵͻϮҶ
Сš
⣬ǰһ֣ôôɵ
Ѫ˿۵У˼˱ЩѪ
Ľ޵ȴǼ֣Ҳãֻңȴأһݾͱڸ
Ȼ۾譺ǣȾɢһƵЦݡֱǣɵʮ˶ء
Ľ޵²á
С㵱̫õĽ㣬ڶľͰС˶ʵģ˺ô
ˣ֪ءǣҴӦʱһҶ׼ġڵʲôҳԿҳԿ࣬ܵǵֻҪǶԵģǺοһأչǵѡ˿ȥҪֹҲֻͽǵˡ
һĽ޵ĵ˲١
ҲԣǴ˲С˼ơһӸˣǳԱ˳ŵģû¶ͰҽУ˵̬ȣʧ˶㣬οȥ
ĵ֮Ի̼˵Ķ־޷ǣǲǷĽơʵģһСѹǷ˵İҪҲȥŶء
ӣҵʽһ䣬⸮Ժ¶һӦֻҪѾǰ档ӦõһоУңֻҷǴƵġüסǴС㳤Ҳǡ
ᣬмᶨ⸮κһС㣬ҲĽ֮ҵ֮ҪôദͶãߴ֮ı㡣
Ľ޵±տڵţͷȴǵӦţˣˣҲ
ûûԼĻȥվԭزˡ
һɰĽ޵¼Ķţǣ㣬ɺã
յ΢΢һЦá
б۶дŲá
ȴ鼫á
ǰһˣ˲˴
һҡͷСźǣǺСġѹСһֱڿš
ڶ죬ΪϱҪȥġڵûôųǿͺŵ˵ͷ
ڰԹϱ֪˭ҹֻһƣöϱ˯ˡ
ǿסֻܾǵǿ˯ҲӦġ
˻ֽɣɣҾ˵еڵĲϲİɡһﹷūţԺ¶Ҫҡ
һߵţǸүҲڣūǲȥа
һͱ棬ȴǡǡڳڰ߬˱ӡ
ˣȥɣ뺢Ǽء
ȵƺһҪȥĹϱ뿪λ
һ߶С̺ŵĶ̾һ󱳡
ڰС¶ĪҪ̫ˡ
Ǻǡҷ˼Ҳ⸮˷ﰡһϹͷ̬ˣԺ⸮ǿɲùˡ
ǰ˵⳯ǸģźүǸ˶ôҲھ˽ɡ˭һ˵ĳ
ҪģΪֹǸүҲԼ
뵽üѲɣǺү֪ЩʲôԶĸ׵Ҳ벻ܹˣ
ҡͷһ¶ô֪ءԣϲ֪ʱһҪֻ̾
һѵͣHҲʵǿɶĽ
С̺ţڳķͷǸӦţҲ̫ء
ţ˵Ķԡͷȥ˼ҵﻹǲô϶ҵİ£ҪôܽһЩǸ֮ģҲӦİɣ
۾
Ŷڵ˼Ҫ
үЩɣĿԽĴӴҲ֪ô¶ܾã⵱ģô̫ˡЩ¶Ϲͷǲںġںң⵱ģöذмӰôİɣţҾúүߵǸѾͷ̺ţͨѾͷˡ



ڶһʮ£

Щ˼Ī˵үߵģǸһּ˵Ľʲôµģ
йںүߵ¶ʵ⸮˶ĺܡƼҵĶˣĽɽߵ飬˵ĺܡ
ϾֻһοƼˡԴĽɽǱߵһ紵ݶŽĺܡһҵûˡ
ţǸѾͷģҳǸõġôˣүҲǸ˶
ס
˭룬ȴҡͷֹһֱǼԼģ˵һ죬ȻΪΪү檶ֹ⵽ǳڵϡ
ΪΣ
֪λ¹ںүĸһһү鷿ԵĶѾͷڹܹˡҲһһĺá˰ɣһӴͻԲգԽ׿ǺүҲǸҰĵˡΪң˵ġҲգ˵ҲǲѾͷİ
ȥ¶˰ɡ
ڲãѾͷҲУǲѽ
Թţüһ壬Ǿһӡ
ˣʹ⸮ԷǼһȥΪ⵱ŵĿſ۵е֮񡣡
㿤̺ү̫ô
УôۣҾ˸ʱټĸ
Ȼ˵ͬʱǰԷȥ
һǿŭ֪ΪҪĶȴֻԷġ
İԵͷòϣһλȷʵİ¶Ҳڶʱھ͵ȫԺ⿤ڵ飬еĿء
ת˷ԸɼҵģӸ˹ƯĹλһģķʵҪģһ˫۾ʱʱĻɢҰģ⡣ƯҰĵģ˲͸үԺôԵô߹˶ء
һλƺˮŶһġһ˫۾һˮֻһţǶĸţҲЩȲסӡ˾޵ģҸɫ˶߼۴
ǽԺҲв˰ɣЩ죬ǵĽ̵ǶĵġǺүĿֻһӡȻŮӶ̡صһ߶͵Լˡ
ʷˣ֪Ϊǰŵ˶һΪ׵Էϸʡһ˫Ļĵ۶ŲЦݡ
Ǻүûǰա
˵ĻͼҪ֪ߺү棬ȻǺүΪ󰡡̺źү˵ȷʵһ컯ˡ
ҲүȢ˿ǹȥҪµء
ǣôǵô
뵽֪һ󣬶˿ԼûǸ͵
ҵģȥԷ˵ڷԸ͹ȥġԵģݵٶ˵ˡ
ֻҪһ˵Էһλڸ鷳¶ţܺãһԷľͼǺڡ
ֱǺޣȻڲôţֻµʱҲһЩСЬӴ
ЩԽϷȻû˶ӣǿ⸮ĸϷƺҲ
ˣķ˵˸ȴԷĴͺҲƽкá
Щ󰡣Խĸ˽оҲ֪ԷһССңҪβܲеÿŭ𰡡һͨѾͷƯ檸Լĺô룬еء
λ˲ĿϷЦĲԶֻ΢ۡ
ķЩ棬ð¶û뷨
ʲô뷨ˣЪһúܡλ˶Ʋ졣һλЩ緢ȣǲ̫డ
ӴǶۼһء
ǡʱ߷Я˸һλ࣬ң⸮棬ҲϻŸԵˣһֱ˽鼫áߵģܶʱһġ
˿洺˶ļ֮Ǻڡ
Ǹ氡ҲĽƵˡߵܵҲʵгϵ˶쿴۲ඡ
ǸƤģ⻰һЦüλɩӼЦˣҲͶϰˡ
˸ղЦкϲ¶ôɷҲһʡ



ڶһʮ£

ôģ˵¿˶Էȥô
۾Ź⡣ӴӴҿ˵ˣԷһλǸζ˶ǵĴӿǺתͺү»ˣȥҪְ
е¶˵˵ǸˣĻΪС¶˼ƽϲݡ
̿ЦͣԶԣǸ˶ء
飬ܼ޸үң浱ɵô⻰ҲǺŻࡣ
ôˣǼǻûƾְվǶ
λİãҲһС֮ˡ
⼸λֵʱλӴ·˶ЩͷʹڵɣҲǿġԼͿ£ôء
ȥˣû˵
ҵֻһˡҪˣҲǶˣǵҵķ˲Ŷ԰
ȥеŭô
¶еӵ˶ĵڵһʯļƶء
Ǻǣô¿ĸףҲ͹ȥҲ˵ͨġȻˣǾͰ͹ȥɡ
λԳΪ˵ڿһλ˼еССİ̺ۣһȴûʵǣһλȣǸ΢СΪ
һ˶ֻǿһ㣬;ԴǣǻϰһЩĻ˵ĶڿһλʱĪľ٣ɫࡣ󣬾磬Ҫһ
Էͱ̲ĺȻֱ߳Է˵ǲһЩ

̲ҧ࣬벻Ĺϰ˵زұ˲Ѱ
ס
˵ϰĻ֮

ţ̲ԡ͸Ͻҡͷ˼ū澸ܴˡ
ǣԷӵʱ˶ףһλϰĻ֮ġǣΪβأ
ѵ˵ȻĻ뵽һɴۣˡ
һ˶ǣ˵ﰡ
˵ӣ߬ȭͷԼڵЩ׿µĶڲ֪УȻıԡҲʣҪĸı䡣һˣǿԣǧ˵ˡ
ʱԶķ׿壬ʱ§һͬҪʵĹ˲ֱ׿ɿǹŽŲ
ӺûȻһȥᡣ
ǲǾù޲İ
ᣬǣǡ
һκЦһѱŮˡãھ֪ʲô޵ζ
ȵŮ˴ﵽ˵߷ʱ򣬷׿ȴ֣Ůϵӣһڡ
İڵĻ֮תƵҵˡȵʱղˣһ壬öٵŮ˳ԣ
뵽ԺԼֻҪһվŮΪ֮տ񣬷׿ĳɾ͸пǰ͡
ȥιߡ
һӦ󣬵ǸղŻŵŮˣͱȺʳ
Ժ档ԴӼ޸Ľɽ֮󣬵ƽ˵Ժ䣬ͱ˿ԺԺȥĶ˳۵ĳԽĲ
ǰǰĽɽúܺá
иţҲǲġȻôһͻء
ԵļԺȴ⡣룬һҵ밲ʺõģúܷȥһ㣬˼һ˵ǵġ⣬ɵĳԽĸꡣ
һߵѾͷǴҲҳֻ֪С̺š
˳ˣЩ͵ѳԵҪ
һѵĵģȴһθҲޡ
үҲǣǰ֪΢Դ޸˾ͳϵʱԵʱ򣬶ЩģĽѾͷռˡ˵ˣү鷿棬мƯѾͷġ컹ǵȥһ⼸ѾͷҪƣô̺źүġ
ҪȥҺüƯѾͷĻĿȴѾͷǰ㱨
λ˶ˡ
λˣݵüëһһȻǻ㱨˸񡣡ؿ˵ˣǷڵ˶͹ĸףҪô۵ķ̺ү˶ǰ⿤ࡣ
ֵࡣҪԼ˰ɣúãӣȻ¶£



ڶһʮ£ˮ˳

˭ģ
ԷѾͷϽش
˴
ζҪըˡ
Ž찡ʮɡԼĺžͰ͵ǰˡ
һûиܵһɱһŸʩ

λ˶ô¶
ĸף˵̺ү࣬ЩҲ̫ȫ˼㣬Ծ;ѡλǰ̺ĺˣԺ͡ǲˣ͵ȥԺúý㣬ǲ¶еÿĲϲǴһ
ӻҪִ
ŭ˵ѹһЩЩظʣô˵
˼Ȣ˿̺Ĳȫһֱǰô˵ĲáȻʱҲֻȥʺǰˡ
һߵ΢΢һһǲ򵥵İһͰѳֵתڡ
Ҫ鷳ĻȴںͿĳֵˡ
Ůˣǲ˵һ˵ˣŭ𣬵ȻҪڷȥˡ
ǺǺǣãõĺģЩ꣬ӹ̫ƽ˳˰ɡ
⸮棬ЩȷʵǹĻ˳ġС̺ţλһֱڸŲƴڻģ˼һǹİĸײ̫ǣҡ
Լ⸮棬ƼңʵΪͽֺ̫̫ġֻ˲䣬ˡ
ǰһֱСӹӡôƯкãһˡİӣôҲչϲ̨ն
Ϊα˲ͣƫƫҪ˶أ
ƯԼЩԲѵ˶ŭԽʢ
̾һĸڵķԸΪСΪܸȶӦġ
ֹȴֱĺܡǸ˶Ҳĳû취Ϊ
ˣ֪ô¶ˣȥɡ
Źλ˶ԳԾһλҪһЩͷء룬˼ֻһÿŹǣŹҪԹѽ
һյλǰҰһȫһͨڵϲϿͷ
ֻǲűûµū澣ҪʲôǷ˵ġ
裬λ˶͵¾ȥǱ߶ѧôһЩʹĻ̺ǰɡ
ֱӾʹˡ
λǰеҰĵˣѵҪô̺˵Ĺ⹦ûϣֱӾҪ͵ϴ¾ȥˡһʱ䣬λεε˶ֱӾ̱˵ˡ
ûʱ⸮Ůˣĸȥү
һ̣ڿİԵܵ˸ǴҲҳһλƷĿرİүôῴء
һ߶ſ̾һйڿͺүһУ˭ţ˭̱˭ˡֻǣһľ֣ԭǶģ˭Ӯ˭䣬治˵
үڻ˵˹ɫ˰û˵̧̫࣬ͽ˿һһͷ
ȥȥ
ӴҼ˶ôˣ
һʧɫӡǺүѽңһǰûūءղǳʧˣүĪԹ˼Ұ˭УҵǵҲȥء
˵ί֡
ĽɽһЦүҺʱƽϰС¶үġǸ˵飬Ҹ˵ˡĪ⣬ͶϣĻԵ˶
֪ͺá
ʶ࣬չһЦ
§űţܿ͹˴֮ϡ
±ϣүһĲɵӣүּˡ
ܲôҲ֪ӵķ裬ֻ֪һЩΣյģԴҡȥֻҲ˼ѽ
һҲԽԭ
ԵȨǣΪ˳Ȼأǵÿžͺá
үڻ϶һİˣȷʵ̫ڴˡҲôӣȥүģ͸ԸôЩ˶İ˵ǵĳϣµһǻ飬Ҳһ˿ɱİʱţҲǾûԺү治ƽ
ĽɽСҲ֪үѴġ



ڶһʮ£ǱΪ

Ȼ֪ҲģȻһʵģЩϿǴûټ˼ҵġ㰡Ǻǣ»ʵ۵۰
ֻǵ길Ϊ˱ȫǵƴȡĿݡһݣֻ£ڵ길׳ºҲų¶ˡ
ڣһлͦ˹
Ǻǣ֪ءأүҪȢ˼ңҲΪһЩЩ˶ڱǰתơͼΪΣʵҲġǣΪʲôôҶûֻ˺үأ
ĵĿʼߡ
Ľɽѧ
ԱĺãҲǵġ⸮һУ˵
ү˵Ӵ˼֪ءЩһֱɢȫĴūңҲһӼԺүɻõء
á
һ仰Ľɽ˵ǳɹһ롣ˣԵģҲ¡
̧ȣү緢ݺݡ
ûǣзŵ۾ȫ䡣
ľ˭Ǹ
ô˶ţһŮ֮ҲĪκεĺܡ
ΪһЩ˵õյó뵽ģһҰĵģεˡ
ֻԼõõ棬Ҳܣõĺô
һλҰ㹻˵ġ
ֻɻԽս飬Խϲ±ϣĽɽǲǰ⻳С
˰ɣһֱֻԵģû̫ܹ˹ҲȨǸʱүҲĪκεĺ̫̫ܰȨƷ棬һԼķġ
֪˺ү
̽һλ̫̫ҲֻǱϵضѣ͸ˡҪ⸮תǿԵġھӽȥ֮ǰǲ⸮˸շԺ󣬻ƾʲôƿءǰԼ°ѺעĽɽˡ
뵽üһᡣ⸮棬˭ײǾ
⸮棬¹ôڣҾ͸ˡüסһˣϣ㻹øһȻ˵ĭҲܰȥġʱ¼ҹˣǺԵ£
һ仰ͳ˵˵ҰģһЦˣ档ţ֪㰡ǸĶġ
ֻҪϹȥϵĶ⻹˷εôԵģһ͸ˣܲлеţ
뵽˷
ģɾǰһ룬Щڴ죬Ҫ˭ˡ
Ľɽһ˵ˣ⸮ôǣҵҪȥȻʱҲ˵ġ
ˣ㶼˵أǼ˯

ڶĽ޵»ظ󣬱С˵顣
ȥ
ţӦûڳ档
ȻˣΪһپƾͣǺġ
Ǹ˿·ĺǹصСŮˣĽ޵΢΢һЦ°͸󾱴ʲôóԵأ
Ҷ࣬һЩСˣȥһĪ·
תüȴվǶðԹ۾ʦһֱҹֻ㵥һһɺá
ˮ۾Ҳмܲסǣ͸վţ
á
ʣĽ޵»ϲвˡֵܶʱ򣬶ΪķˣȴҲɿڵģû֮һ
̿λεģĽ޵³һۣǰջȻõĴ̿ʱΪ˼¶ȣҲ˵ġЩʱСϰˣҲ֪һҪɶĻ
û֨ȴǼĬѲ˷ˡŽһۣ뿪
СദļãǾүǿſ˲١ҲԽĺת
ŵʱĽ޵»ǳҲǸƵ˶Ŀµ˺ֵˣɵþȫԼģݴԺͼ
һʱըһ
Ļֲֳ档
Ǵ𽻵ݣǼױİ
ţ֪ȥϢһӡһȥľջԷʰһ
ЩƷľջԵĵ֮ģҲôһˡǹ󣬵ȴôԣտҲͳ˱顣
ݣĽ޵ҲͷĽ˯Сһȥ˺档
ϰѵðԣ²ʱС߶
ŵضأһ
ϵӾġ



ڶһʮ£֮

ûӦ㱻ΧţǳߵѾͷ˽Сʱһץ
š
ֹСüһȺĪˣʣСкβԵ飿
ǴѾЦһ̰С߳աǿϽһӣɵĺܣʱþͿԷˡ
ܡ
侲
Ǻǣﰡ¶ɲһ˵ġ
ǸкĹͷһ̧°ͣ˰˶Ѻȥ
ʲôǻҪѺСһҸĪе۸ͰˣƾʲôҪ۸С㡣
Ǻǣ˵ҴææԺ˭֪⵽ô¶ϾԺڵģɲôˣǻʲô˸Ҵߡ
ӿһȺӣɷ˵ҪŤˡ
üɨһԼŹߡ
һÿɷһɨСߵϡҡͷĵҲϧϧ
⻰̾Գ
յĻ𣬲ûóһ߶աڻعζ󣬻뵽Ļˡ
νӣ鷳һĪеŰˡ飬Ҳֻгɡ
תתһγҪԵģҲ̫ݵġ
ǣСߣ
ߵСߣڻЩǵġƫƫǽԺЩƧ
Ժ˶ȥԵˣǻ֪ӱץء
ԺʱûпԺĴѾͷԷгѾͷһЦһշһȻһƯշ
ӴⲻôһūţôûѸŤô
һȺе㲻ԡ
ǺһţҺԷЩӡ
ժ£Ϊ㣬Ǵ׵ġ¶ָӨ͸Ǻÿһ˫֣Էޡ
һûſүʱֻ˵⸮һλĹССͣøΪԼܣһ֮˼ҡҵʱں氡Ǹʲô˶СС;˻ʡһƼ֪ϰɣȷʵǴ˵ġΪŮҲ᲻ԽһЩϧǡԵ뷨
һ٣ο˵Ķء
죬ֻǵԷˡ
ǺǣҲֻʵʵ˵ǺõģǣһūţҲþһЩȻʱĨڵģɾ⸮ӡ
Ŷ˵ϵ飿֪˺
ǿѹŭһߣСۣһﹷūţųţ۸ǡ
ôĶҲᡣǸǳ˲ɾūţǸ鷳鰡
ţ˵ǡҾͺˣϾƾҼҾү˶߹Ժ⣬˵Ժӣе񲻺ϰɣ
һ£侲ʳ˵ˣв˶澭ǸǣǶѲ˸ϵģ
Է翴ڻ侲ĺܡĵǺһޡӽ󣬵ΪֹǲŲæġңֵҲ󷽡ˣô򷢵ѽ
˵ҲǣֻǣԺūŲɵĺܣǿԺǡǡþ˵ôһʱ䣬ܲôģūŵķ䣬ûʧٵĽˡ
˵˽ӣ
Цˡ
ԷĿȱǽӣ治ȱ
԰ǿԺǶһӡ
Է翴һȻӣĪľҪҧ
Ŷԭ
ģѾ˼ҪôܴӴ
Ҫ˵ӣЩ鶨ġչ˼˾֣ܲײء
Ҫģôѳ
һ˴漱
ҵˣҵˣСԺ氡вٵĽء
ǰȥ˵꣬ʮڵ档
ôడ
Էһȵӡ
治ٰԺ滹ûвʵӣʧĻٰ
С߱ﲻסЦǿǺЦȥʷ֧һЩӻ˵͵˽ӣδҲ̫ɺһЩɣ
üСȥ֧ӣ˿ˣ
⳯ҪԩǣҪڳ԰



ڶһʮ£

С簡Īĳ谮ͷǵðЩñͷϿ۰¶˵󲻴˵Сˣ¹İ
һߵʱͷȳ
ЩH˵ЩֱϰӴɡ֤ˣܵĵ
Էһϧ񣬡ﰡ治а
䣬ͻȻ֣ˣūȥҷ̺򡣡
ȴһѵСߵǰӣ˭ˣݹҲСǾүˡΪĸףѵ׵ľѶӵ˰ˣǴȥ˼ֻ˵ˣ˺үһһС
˭ſ
ȴ۾һ˭˵ĴһĴŻǰ˵ʱֻ˼ǱŵġһūµǿԸҲð졣ǣǾĨڿҲ֪ϼŰǵʱ᲻лǼ䣬үٻЩġ
⻰Էüʵ֮ûһ֣Ҫǻǹ˼Ľ޵µ
ˣ˵ǿһӶѡ
ֻһˣһӣҲǺðĺܡ
ôˣŪˣ˼һ֪ءĽ޵²һ¹ѧԺơһٹͷѧӡǣһеĵһ
һλ׿ǰ;ĲӣǺүҲ̫ݡ
ʱһ˵Էֺһߵȴʱ廰
ӵˣҲǱˣҪ˵㻹̫ʴˡ

ԷһЦŰ飬ְɡ˰ɣĵ̫ưôεε˶е²ء
˵ţһߵʹ˸ߡ
ﰡūūԸ񰡣ĵøһġǰûпԺ棬ڣˣ㻹Ϊչǲ̫Ӵ
ԷĻҼסˡ
ţ治룬ﻹĽȰ
Է翩һЦźǼӾͳ⼸˳һôվȷ𣿶֡
˭ҶҲ
񽹼Сߵ岻ˡһūţںԺլ󣬿ɱٳϵҪڰࡣ
С߱ǰˣòõ塣
뵽ƴһǰūš
˻
ãм̵ġ
ҾͲˣԺСҲֹˡ
ǡʱǸ۾һ߹ֻٳ֡
Ҳ֪ôŪģЮһɷ磬һ飬ӵڵء
ҰˡĪԹūˣ˭ء
һ𡣡Ͻ֡
ǸҶԿӲŹǵġūš
Сչ֮ˣֻǱ˼£㱻ǿаס˳ȥžƵĴ
Ҳִӿš
һЦǹӡ
ڹµģŮҪôŪ
·ġ
ǡ
ϵġҲ˵ֻҪһЩġ
ʱ䣬أСҲӦ˵ǵˡ
ֻǣʱ仹ǱԤҪһ㡣ȵȫˮıϳٱ˺ݺʰһ¼ܵԺʱ˿棬ѹû̫⡣
o涼ɫֻҪһ뵽ղںԺӶԼ飬ɫࡣ
û뵽Щ˵˽˵
Ľ޵»û˯Ѿͱ˽ѡԭҪ͵ȥ˳Եģ˭룬ȥ˺ֻҵĵط±֪鲻á
صõϢ󣬵һʱȥϢˣԺѺˡ
Ժ˰Ѻߣ˵ô
õһϢĽ޵̧
ΪЩϢһЩ

Ľ޵Ҫȥ
Сš
ǡʱڲԶ
ɨһ۱ϵǸŮˡ
ʱȫʪ½΢ҡǣžϣȻ޹⣬ȴָҪ§ϧĳ嶯һĸˣԺУ˵Ŀǰѹ֣Ľ޵ǲˣҲᱻǵء
ĸסĽ޵ǿסģʩһٴߵǰһѷסڷ˲䣬ܵ塣
ɫ˼֡
ĸףԺ˷˺£ֵĸΪҡ
̧°ͣ£һԻˡС㻹Ǹһȥɡ˵Ҫһŵġ
ãһҵҪô˵ˣС߷ȥ
Сߣ
һܵĽӡ
üĽ޵ʹ֪֡ʱǷʱ
ţС棬˷ȥһһͻ
˵
ҧͦһ߳һӶĵض
һߣԷĴһĽ޵µɫϽǰһ߶롣
Ľ޵һ°ڣžǰ󲽶ȥ
ڲˡ
ʵѹͲΪĽɽˡϾһŮ˲һôľһ̡淨ֻ⵱һȤѡ
үһ˿ԵģڳӴ
úá
ŸӣĽɽЩ¡
ЮӾʹڽʳ
Źӵ
µĽ㱨
Ľɽ֣Сţĸһʳ
Ľ޵ȴǽףΪԵô



ڶٶʮ£Ҫ

˻⣿ĽɽЩ΢ŭĽ޵µƵĺܡ
Ǻǡ
Ľ޵µȻһ߶ҲһۡǺߵһֱӡгļӣǺܺġֻǣһֱҲĽ꼸һǻм䡣
һ˸󣬳ӦеڣԵʱ򣬻治ô¶档ΪԼԸȥ밲ʺҲЩǵ밲ʺá
ԣƽʱܿĽ޵µʱ򣬻治ôࡣ
һƣǳĿܲȣǿ˻ɣֻʮꣿ
ԺˣԺ£ڶүǰ˵ģҵΥİɣ
Ľɽü΢˭ôɣ
һ߶һĽ ɽıһ£ȣ飬ɣ
Ľ޵΢΢һЦҲûǲᣬһ¿֪ô
⸸˽ţŲӦ¶Ҳ̫ģүҲ֪ƽʱҲԺ¶
ĽɽϽӻͷԵģĸǸӱˣôйԺ鰡ȻԺ棬ҲǼٹʵġ
Ľ޵µͷȷ治ĸµǿ¾˺ָɵˡҲ֪ĸƣҹ£˵ʱ֪ˣô˵ĸ׵Ĳǰ˵Ӳ̸֮ū֮ɲǵǱŵôȻǶū㵱ӵļ۲Ҳһ
Ľ޵¡ĽɽЩջ
͵ĳҲǰͷһŤү⵱ĸ׵ģҲֻǿţ⸮˰ϵ£ûһǰҵĸ
ϽĸǸĽɽؼʱ̣Ļ볯ַ¾ͺȳǵĽ޵
Ľ޵ԭһӻԼֻ£˾˶
ڵĽɽ˱ȭͷүµҲֻ£һĽ޵µĸףҪԼһˡȻʱģĽݸ档ĸ׼ȻԸ޵µҾһ
˵꣬ĽɽûʱŤͷߡ
ү޵ңɼ治˼ҷġ㻹˵ĺʲôҪԺҡƣһ޵¶ңο˵Ե˰
ĽɽҲ쳣ջ˵ŭա뵽Ľ޵µݣڵ
Ӱѳ§޵⺢ӰɣһںԺƽʱҲû˽Ӵ̫ࡣ⻰ﻰ⣬Ƿ棬ҲԲǿࡣԺʱ䣬úȥ̵һĺԺСôĪȥĺáչ飬⺢ڻ˰˵ôĺ棬ûһĳЧ
ᵽ£ĽɽΪȻ
ȴ˼һһֱãĽɽǲģ룬ʶ壬ôջᡣ
ȻԿĽ޵µദһδεڻɣΪʲô˷鲻ҪȥǼ̨Ķӡ
үʵһֱôҪ˼·˵Ӧð޵¸ôֻҪԸﻤžֻҪһܳɹվǺүҫİ
¶ãһᣬĽɽһ㶮ʲôǺӣҳžķҡһ°ܻ
ûǲġ
Ǻǡ
ֻһʣĽɽջ𣬳ʶĲٶʡǲĻ⡣
ԺӣĽ޵¿Ժȥ
ذһˮãת񣬡
ǳȥ
ūΪϴɡ
ز⣬ĳƺʹࡣ
һ·ǿѹŵġǾģҲ
˵ȥ
ɫһ
СѾͷŵĸϽͷǣ
תͰ˵¡
߰Сϡ
ȵ˶ˣϣһǿߵԡͰߡ
ͰӣһĽ̤ԡͰʱ򣬾Ϳʼϴĵط

ڣҲֳĸо
ӵԼĿɿڴģ˷ܵ񣬻вϵԼϲߡ

гץ塣ֻҪһ;ӵֻԼߣСڣǱǳΪС˱ҧǶ
ҪҪԶ㣬Ҫҡӡ
ǰйǸӣԼķ飬һԼϵһЩ¶ַԺи֣һ̣ʱմҵĸо



ڶٶʮһ£Ī£һ

⣬غѹֵĿЩңȴֲ֪Ҫΰźá
ЩأӵˣԵĲԡĪ˴̼Ȱɣô죿ôɵôôõӣǰҲġ¶ȴﲻæأ뷨Ӱɡ
Ҳķš
ߴٵĸˡ˵ˣ¶ֻܳšôǵõȵ˲С
ʱȥҲû̫ðɣʲôأأ˵᲻ᡭ᲻ʧ˰ҪȻıôôˣ
Ҳ뵽˽һֱԸĳţҲǶ²ѡ
һ룬صɫҲৰסĪҲ²⡣
ӡ
ԭ˵ʲôģһͷĽ޵ɫѿ
ҲŵĸϽ¹򣬡ӡ
Ľ޵°֣뿪ҽȥ
ǹӡ
¸Ͻ뿪
ߵŷƣǣû෴ģܿƵĿ̬ĴſֻŵĿĽ޵µĶһš
תߵߣƿǶȥ󣬱㿴񻹱һڰ˿
Ű§Ľ޵۵ĺܡ
һ¡ͳûˮȥ
ң£㻹ҡ
Ľ޵ûߣȴǰ§ĸ
˵ȥ
ģŲ๵ٺȳĽ޵üգǹԹվһߣ
˵ȥһ̣ԵľСţСߡģںˣһ̶Ըǳǰ
˵һҵܣһСͲԸ͸¶顣
ȥȥ
ڣŭ
īڵͫȾŭˮҲŽ
ǸȴǵȻվǶ΢΢ͷｲһ顣
һںԺʱҡ
ΪҿһֱɳȥġǣһԷһˡ˵ǶģֺҶġ
ʼʱҵܹŹ֡Ǹ˵ȴº͡ңǺܺ
ÿҳԶҶ롣һ죬һԺ濴㣬ȴȥԺ档
һֱŭһ̺ĲٺгŹֶԼһͷϴˮˡ
ֱֱǰ档
˵ľ¡
ұϣǿаǵ˿ӣұһָͷ˲䡭
СţҪ˵ˣ㣬Ҫ˵ˡҵСš
ˡ
ԡͰһ§Żڲȴڷ˻ЦĽ޵¡
Ҫ˵㣬Ҫ˵Сţң㻹ңҺһԶһġֻΣֻٵʱһ˲ζѡ
Ҹ£ȦϰԴ伷ţıӣ١
ϢȴԼȥůҲ֪Ĵڡ
ڣ걻´
ʵģŷ񰲸Ȼ
ԡͰߣʱֻһ뷨СţԺúõġ
þã֡
Ľ޵ſСļشϢ
ָŪĳ̧ͷ۾ϸϸ
ʱǵЩҵ۾΢š
촽ҲЩףǹеĺۼЩѪü
ôôɵ֪ʧˣô㡣
ųһĨĵЦݣֻҪúõģáֻҪúõģôҲνġ
㴿ɵСţӷᡣһ۽ָԺ˺Լɺã
ףһʪҵķճӣǳգ䣬ëòġ
Ľ޵µֶģÿһͷǡ
СԺĪҪ˺Լ㷢йҲҪһšΪܹĿѣ뱻ٳԡ
ᵽѣСţĪѹ

ͻȻŤҿ绨ʢա᲻ᡭ
ᡣ
һѱ伷ҵСԶôɾôÿҵϾûһ˿СƯɾġ
˽ȭͷ
̧ͷŬݶ
ֻľͷǣȴЩģ
۽ʹ·
СţСţ£Щȥ˵飬۲ѽֻңҲֻ㡣ˡ
Ǳ˴˶ΪԷɾġ
ɲпʵʵѡţǷ



ڶٶʮ£ұɺ

Ľ޵ºݺݱŵ۾ٿתһ§
ţԲϣ£Ǻڰң㣬Զһòá
á
ǵһΣˬӦ
˽յ֣дŨۣ˵˴˵
ϴ衣

꣬ҪΪԼҲʱʶڵء
гСȥ
ȴﴽȫ¡
ҵһη֣ģȷʵǼð
Ϣ΢٣ȴһԡͰ
ߺ۾ݺݵ
ȴͷ󣬾ֱǰɷ˵ͼԡͰ档
ĺĦ
ұɺá
ģ͸ȵ١
ףԡͰˮһȦһȦĵ
š
Ц
Ľ޵±ۣȫеŮ㡣
ҵ
̧֣սԴս۾ëҲ󾱵˲䣬ȺСš
ţڣڡ
СţҪ
š
ԡͰ赣ֱ˳ˣЩǱ
š
ߣָмʿɶֹ
ͣ£Ҳ֪Ҫβֹ
ϲˣϲ飬֮ǲɱġ
ȵĽ޵°ʪ·Ҳԡ߳
ʪʪͷɢڼϣ˫ǰ޵ĺ׵۾ʱŵˮһ֪ɬģˮģˮ
µĴϣϽŲƿ
ﳤ̫һӡǣ޵Ҳ˺Բһ覴áѹ־Ź˵İĽ
ҲҶ࿴ͰѴͷŮһĲšһ߶ͭ¯һ³䶼һɵζ
Ľ޵Ҳ飬ǰȥɡ
ǡºЦȥ
ֻҪڣӶĿء
ڵĵطӵʲôҲûˡſڵʱࡣ
һۣҪЩĪ˵⻰˵˵ͰˣñоĵȥֵñǸɵ
ºٺɵЦţʡأЩ¶Ļȥ˵ġ
ͱ¶ˡԼա
Ľ޵µ֣ԸԼ
֯ģɫ졣ĵطһԵǺۡһӡǣɫֳ˺ü֡
֣ɲͷ
ЩͷҲԽԽˡһǵõʱ򣬾һ˫۾޶ˡֺģϲˡ
ᵽԼСʱЩΡСʱΪԵĶࡣʱǽūѾͷҲһ⡣
ǻ˶С˻ᣬЩԹСţ
㺬ĴԹţĽ޵һ
ǻҿĵһۣȴֻһ뷨Ѿͷô⣬ؼóԵİɡ
۶һʹ
ȴʱһθǰöӡϡ

Сţ㲻ܿƣҪֿˡ
žǸɬģǲʢĻŮˣЩա
ɬ̫һЩ
ǲ˼ţôء
һͷҲԣǣƲסء̫ˡ
⻰Ľ޵¸Ͻˡ
ǲһʵǣȥҲܲסء
ƫƫСֻܿܳԵġһʱҪԼ
аǵȥʦܰҺ
ȻˣСĶչ鲻̫á
Ǹ׿壬ͼǺΣ
ΪҪ׵Щ
뵽Ľ޵°üҲٴ鷿
Ჽ߳ӣʱ򣬸ӦȥתһȦġ
뿪Ҳͷһ׼ȥתһȦ
ȻܻһЩƽ飬չҪȥġԺ֣滮һƬ԰
ֻǣҪʲôĹдӲپˡ
ʱ÷ҲʱԷ



ڶٶʮ£ݸ

Цһӵ߲ˣһʳС
м÷Ȼ겻СüȻ׿
һϮĶԽɫװһϮ˿ˬ
ڣвٵĻŵĵĺء
÷ẬЦ
һߣȤԽ飬ǿʲô˳۵ġ
Цбһ⣬˵ʲôأ˷ϲ¾ˬڤԽгϢżλϱүϲչȥڤ󰡣ԽгϢء
Ҳ÷Խϲԭ
⸮һֱֻǸ־ڣЩҲгЧ˸ӣ˵ڸڸǰ¶ЩԼô飬ʤڣչиӵġԺУһϣгϢҲȥġ
ֻҪ뵽˵ģһʱ䣬к¶٣Щڴ
ˡ
˵ЦĹȴõǰ
÷ȥЦݣվһ߶ǰˡ
˵ЦŶģһȺ̧Žˡ
һߣЦŅ̀ʱɫ΢䣬Ͻ÷Ǻˡ
÷ʧɫֻ²̫ء
˼Ž쿿Ͻһߣ÷ˡ
γ棬Ҫȥ⸮ĸĻզ΢һ¡
֣
ؿ÷Ǹ˵үһֱ̺źүһλǰĺ˿ʼһֱڵġ
ֵһѣó
û÷ǹԶߵ˵ţܵķ羰ŻҾڷŽ죬һӷ羰˵ա
˵꣬γͣ£ǰ֣Ʋǰͤȥ
÷￴һĻü˵λ˲̺򣬴һֱ͵¡
˭ţôһײ治ɵľײ˼ˡ
ЦҲ̾ɲɵģƫײԩҡҪԿء
ûԹԹһ߶ͷϣ̫ҵĺܣԶɢŲõĵġ
ż˴Զڿŵ÷ʱҲÿ
һϢܿʹ̵Ķ档
ٳ֮̾ࡣ巿Ҳڴ
Ż㱨˵÷ײϳ飬һ˼ЦŷԸ
Ժ󣬵ǳǱߵ£Ƕҵɴ۾ƺˣõľáڣķͷɲһ˿Թܹ˵ġŰɣ󣬸ϷҪÿء
Ӳ⡣ˣô
㵱үΪôԺ󣬻һ˵ģߵŮô࣬ĻҪһ·ˡǸʲôƢԣүǱ˭ġɾ˼һǰ˸Ȣˡ氡˵ûʲôúүĵĶҲŵġҿŰɣһ꣬ǿʱ򡣶ķͷ⸮棬˭ȥǵˣ
üǣѲɣҲУ⸮˭С
ڶӵ˿⸮һУҪڵġ
ǣȴЦڣѿǵĻˣֻ£Ҳһ̫ͨŰˡЩ꣬浱˶ɵء
һ仰˵ĶЩĪ
ԼҵһλԴԺ˵£һǺ޸ģҲϰˡ
ˣˣкϢϢ
ǡʱ˴
̸ϽкϢƤ˵ļ
ӶûļĨһƺأݸϢ

Ӻ˶ʧг
棿
̲վ
ȷʵүϢĿǰΪֹֻһšǰٷְٵݸӻġ
Ŷ
˷ܵУ˿ѹԼǼкϽŸҡ
ӸϽŵϡ
ˣ㿴Ǳ߹زеĻŰţ֤ʵˣүӴġ˻˵ݸڱ߹أǧ˳ѽ
ʲôǧˣǧ˳
һˡ
ԵģԵģǧ򳤡ū˵ˣͳǧ˵֣ǧ򳤰
ģǴСľġ
ʼʱֻһʮ򳤡ͳʮһ˵Сӳ
ϣоˣΪٷ򳤡ͳŰԼϵľ
ǧ򳤣Ǽġ򳤣൱ڽųȥĹ򣬾Ȼǧ򳤡һϢֲʵĸоϾǧ򳤰



ڶٶʮ£ݸ

е˺ü꣬Ҳһͨİٷ򳤣⣬ҲǼġ
ҵݶ
˺һĿʮеĿ
ϸϸж
󣬾Ȼˡ
ˣݸ
һߣӻǺܹĽƵģǹӿСͿġǺ淢һЩ飬Ļ뿪ﰡ
Щߵذ֮߬ŲȻ
ΪֹǸѾͷããõĺš
Ĵ󾪣ˣڴɲΪķѾͷڿˣȻݸϲΣǿ˼ҳˣ˱˵ŮˡôôϲŮˣһ˵Ů˳˱˵ģҲֻջƻģҲ͵ˡ
ʹģҲٰܹɣ
⻰
ԣһݸŸĺͿˡ
ôûѰ˼ءҺãѾͷָĽ޵£Ȼǻûˡ
һλһЩ˺ӣݸ͸ûˡ
ԣôƯŮˣһмޣ˺ӣʱҲֻʣһƤʱ˺ӻǱĸªһЩѽЩȫ£ǾôžСҲжֻʹãһЩŮıա

ݸôϲǸѾͷʱ򿴼˼ҶŮȺˣôţ
ˣ裬Ҫģɫһĺùǡ
ȴҡͷײףǸϲˣﵽǰæһ󡣡
ٰųɨһأָһ䣬裬㻹˵ݸ棬ᵽһ䡣˵һλףһֱշԡλ
뵽Ҳûǰķա
Ƽݡϲˣϲˣ˵Ҳˡ㵱ĸҲֻѡ
ˣҲˡ
תʱѰ˼ţH飬Ҳôһˡ
ȻʱԼݸһԺһ⣬ǲԵĺô
裬ߣҪʰԺ
ģӦʰһСˡȻʱ⵱Ǹûõء
˷ЦԴԺҲˡӪҲô
һ죬ԺĺԺһƬѪȷ硣
үظʱֻ˵ԼĺüİͨС֮ģǱŪ
߲ѵүתȥ̡Сǣүһȥû̫ã
ȻһСͨԺҲûȥ͸Լ˰ҹʱ򣬾˵ﵽ˵ķȥ
˵緢ȣһЩջ
˵һ飬÷ˣҸ˴һ
ǰȥݱ㣬ǰԺ˸ǰƽ˵˵÷Ժ治˿ȻһֱǶֱҲû˭룬һȥͶӲºһ飬ҲɵĺܣȻ̥ˡ
˵̥ˣ
ĺҪֹͣˡ
Ҫ֪һֱ÷ﶼŵڶӵĵЩ꣬Ľɽһֱ棬Ȼ޷и¶֮ĵȻС
òĽɽü꣬ɵҲûСɺˣǿһ쭣ĺҲڵûˡ
²Ǽٵİգһʱ䣬ֱǲ̫ɺˣ
ǣȴҡͷ
飬ԭҲΪǼٵġרžЩһ˵ģھ˵רҴȥ÷ˡ
üվȥ÷ȥ
סȥ㻹Īȥ˰գ¶ֲ˺õġȥҲֻʹѡ
һߣҲϽǰ廹ûأĪҪȥˡ
ǿ˴ȥʱ÷壬ȫǴ˵ģ

һȴӲͷƤ㻹Īȥˣ飬һȥֻÿѳ϶ѵġԭͿ㲻˳ˣȥĺޣɲܲϧԼ
صĻȻеЩ˽˵ȷʵǳġڵĳŷײ֣ôҲ
ǣҲܾ÷°ɣǰߵ֪⸮ã¹Ľݸʢ˥ôҲùܹһɡ
£ūȥ졣ص¾͹Ӧתȥ档
ȴ˵ڵԺ棬ʱ˼һڼŻ֦
Ǽżţͷ
һߣֿϽʪӵݵǰ
ڰǾϢɡ



ڶٶʮ£˭Ϊ˭Ϊū

Ǹ÷壬Ļ̥ˣķ
ɣҪʣ¶˵ȥ
Ͼ¹Ľݸĺˣǹܹ˰ɣһ뵽Ƣĸˡ
ڰչ⸮˰Щ飬Բ鷳ġ
΢˵Լ
ȴǽץס֣ǳ
ڰǿΣ˵ףҲϱЩ飬ܵϱģŵĲɣ˵ˣ㲻һֱ뿴ү棬ôôһεĻᣬɲǣ
һ£ǳû
ţ˵ĶԡǾɸȥ÷ɡչʧ˸ӵˣǺүˣôҲڸ
ǣڡ
£־ɳµһӣŸСѾͷ˵㶫ȥ
ʱ÷Ժ档
Ÿոѹ÷ӷɿǰĴ򣬡ôˣЦ⣬ôǣ
Цûֻ۾쿴
˳źЦ÷￴ߵǸ򡣡˵ôˣ
üȳ⣬⸮ĹŴأΪʲôϹţ
⸮棬һ˵ﶼǹŴġǵðԵУϹŵ˵ʲô̥֮ġֻ̥Ҫ뵽ûɵĺޡ
㻹ƽһ°ɡ屧мúšҪ尡ӹԴжҪˡ׾Ͷŭǲ׵ġ
˵꣬һһİѾͷ͸Ͻǰɫ
屧ղŴϵĴ𰸾ǣ尡̫ڽˡӹ泤˰ԴҲˡȻôġ
˵ʲô÷⺬Цˡ
ôˣūŵĶ䣬Ҳ˲ɣŮŨŨ
ƽʱΪºңſһСԻǺܵóϲһ˵ֳԵ飬Ӧġڳһһ߶Ҫ̫ƽҲǺܼ򵥵ġҲȷʵġ
Ǻǡȷʵḁ̊́
ޣʲô̥ǸĴ˾ƣϻ軨˵죬Ϊḁ̊́ˡʵжղŴʩ룬ΪǶˣϽл򣿡
ڰ׵ߵ˵⺬Цɵ۶
ЦƢǺڰ׵ߵ¶Ҫ˵˵Ͳ𣿡
Ǻǡ÷ߵһСѾͷôţЩүԺȷʵǷȱ
˵꣬ʾ뿪
ʴȥɣͺá
˵꣬俴źЦ΢΢һЦЦô
ӣλеǷȱȥʶһºүǣй֮ġȻ⸮棬¾ʹ˻ȥ
ЦϽ¸ߵͷʱһֱ̣ƺʱҪȥ÷ȴȳ
Ǻ˵Цί硣һߵȴһ͸Ź¡ū˵ԣȷʵ屧ḁ̊́£
Цɵۣ㶱һǶľߵͷ
ϣ÷ǺźѾͷңЩ֪¶ĪҪ֡
ŻһЦţҲǲˡūȻ̫˵أﻹȵķϡǱģǹز٣ѾͷҪƓʮ¡
⡭
÷ｹѾͷһֱĸ֮ˡƓɣԺܴܲҲ˵ЦҲԼĴԷչǿ˰
˼ҵݵλѹһסڣҲЪܹˣһСѾͷǳǰ˼ô׵¶
һˣЦҲϽߵͷū澴ˣ˴Ĺū澰ɡ
ȴһһߵ͸һȳ⡣
վʲôѾͷأҲ𡣸ȥݺݽѵ
ǳ˴Ҳ޷Ź
ҼѾͷȻǣҲ뿴ҵϣŹǰɡ÷Ｑ
뱻˰µԱǣҲ֪һЦһﰡ̫ū֮ԻǸĹأɲǿƽʱݵôݲɿһߵ˴˰ɡˣȥˣȥ
⡭
ʼֻǽѵһ˵ģȴŹ



ڶٶʮ£Ůб

÷屧ǶϢĺáʱʱ̺үķϣɸ̵һЩҪǡϾҲǰӲǣ
÷ɴۣŵŮ̧°͡
˴ˣңͲ÷ү˵Ϊô
Цĸˡ
÷ﰡȥߺүɣ˵ҺΪԺ˶ùأǣԶһ˵Ϊ㲻үӣԶһЩ¶
÷΢ͣѾͷãõĺܣС
һū澰ˣҪ˵ȣҲһū԰˵ĺá
Цã澣ȴˡ
Ǻ 졣һ߳ŭĳǰݺݾͶЦơ
⿴Ѹٺ׵ʹĲġ
һߣ÷Ҳȫúãԭ⸮涼ûҵλˡһūҲȡ
˵Ҫȥ͸ȴǳǰһǺǡ˵˰ɣǰԺһֱûĸԺҵĲţڵʵͰǰԺģһӴٲʰһԺͻҵūūˡˣҰúÿţѾͷҺݺʰǸͲɾģҺݺݵ졣
žž
ء
÷ԺаѹԼˣ޵۾Ҫˡ
ǣֻԶһ£ӾͰǶá
˼أĶСࡣ
ЦЦҪҪٴˡ
ʱȥͻȻг
ЦǲҪˣ϶ѪѽǣǡﰡЦˣЦ˰
÷̧ͷǸŲˮѾͷǵôģ
΢΢һЦüŶɣôŰĪģһѾͷѡˣΪҸ˾ˡ
ôˣʲô֣
ǡǡʱԺ˼ȳ
ü΢أӭ˳ȥ
Ӵⲻߵİôʲô磬ҲͼݵһԺﰡ
ǰԳһ벻÷嵽ǸбµġȻͼǰ
ԽԽ÷¡ߵԱӦüľͼ
ǰӿԺÿһǿߵ˰ɣô¶
֣Ѿͷûأڽ̵Ƕš㲻֪Ժ̫һūţڸһūūѽҲӴǿȻĵɺүҪһЩġôһص˴ȥģɲǺ򸮵棬ү棬Լڵôչ飬ᱻڸ˵ЩܿصĺԺš
⻰ЦǺǣ˵ʲôЩƿصĲУڸΪĽݸӣˣܱ˲ɣˣ˸ҷȥ
š˵鵽һϣҲ˽ˡƫƫȴʱֹ
Ǻ˼
ĵǺЦк˼λȥȥǵó
ȴǲ̲
Щ꣬үڸҲΪһ˵ķݹΪô
ʲô˼ˡ˵ʲôЩ˷ɶΪ
ǺǣЦſһȺˣк˼أڿҪ⸮ʱ˵ү棬ֵǣӦǺүƼҵģȴƫƫһֱǶƼҡʱ⣬һ䣬˵ڷݵġʱ˼ҿ˵ڵĻ⻰һǲҪٸ˼ʱˣɲֵ
һˡ
澣ȻڡˣˣˣҰѾͷ죬ҶڲҿҪѽ
˭ҶңǾǸȥȴʱͻȻһ
Ӻ÷˿Ѿͷ˨ĶȻһҲ˵⿴Ŀ˵ѾͷһӶ
һ£ֳһӾȴˡ
˭Ƕң֡˵ҼҿǵʺҲϲ˶ǣĲһ
ЦŻܣǸð麹ϡ
һָӵ°͡
ְ㻹ҪǹĺԺô



ڶٶʮ£ж

ǣ˳÷ĺԺ
÷һߣȴ˺Ц
ЦûдǣȴҲΪڵϣĹͱ˼ҵ͸һרŹڵĲмˡ
вʮϡͣǱԼġڿĺЦ͸δӣҲͿ֪
÷նڴǰĬĬᡣ
һߣҲǻȻĺܡ
飬صĴ˵Ķ־ǰЩ뷨ʱȫʧ
Ե㷹ɡ
ӻ̥÷ǲʮꡣ
ʱڴǰʹ磬ЩãȻ⣬죬үҲûô
ҧŴû֨
˵飬үôҲɡ
ǵΪֹĽɽû档ɼʯĳˡ
Ǻǣ⣬ǰ뷨򵥰⸮һĸʲôأ˺ΣҾʵںԺҲһĵòշ
÷߶벻ͣ
˵˵ţֵ
ŵУ㻹ĪҪٿˡȥǣء
ǺǣΣǺүûڤҲɣ
ű绤ǣڤӵӵ˵ġôţҲ絽˱ġ
˱ģΪҴСûǺӣЩξأĮȻ֮Ϊֹĸӵĸ׵ģˣҲᣬڤҲˡ
ָֻǰԹ̬ȣҲѹĺܡ
ҧ˼ţ£»Ҫȥһ
ҲֻѾͷҲŶ־
һѰ˼˸ͷȥԷ
Ϊ˰ȫѾͷСĵҹʱ򣬲ܵԷġ
㻹ȥҼɣԴӻ̥֮󣬾һֱԹȥ¡
ӽ⡣СѾͷŻȻ˵ȥ
ҪȥôأȥٵȣʱᵽˣԻλʱ򡣿ǣ⻰ǰҲ˵İɣȥ𣿡
죬Ǳ⡣ǣε¹ʣܴһֱݣǲͬġ
ͷŲյݲͬ
˵㣬໥ã˴Ҫλôкݿأ
ֻ÷ﻹ治ܵȥȻԺһ
ʵԸүȥԼ˼ֻһ̵̡֣ˣˡүûĵˣ෴ģģңǼġһˣĲ֪Ϸ飿
Ľɽ뷨޷Ǿڵĳмֵ÷壬ûмֵǣʱĶˣյʱ򣬲ŻῴһЩݡ
ǾίԸȥԲſʼӱܣã
Цҡͷ
ǲǻ˵ǰʱ򣬻ҹԺԺĺүˣ
죬˵ⲻ㵱˵ô
Ҳ˵ģ飬ȫԼȡҲǣ
۾ûˡ仰Ҳȷʵ˵ġ
Ǻǡ
ֱ
ƽԶ
ҪʲôĵλҪʲôݣøʲô⸮ô࣬ŵƽˣһǸҪΪϵĴڣΪûɹͻݣŬ𣿲˭ͻݣ˭ŬûɹΪʲôΪȱһݣһԵ
ݱƽ˵ݻҪ΢ֻԼ˸ӣҪϺүˣ˵ʵûǸûǸҲѰ쵽ġģֻǰҪүˡȴûҾǺүˡ˼ܳ¶
ĵɴ۾
ס
ǣҲ·е㶮Ҫʲôˡ
˼ҼӣҪҾҪĸǣֻ롣
ԡٿ̧ͷһ˫۱ķ˲ұӵĹâ
ҪүĸͱҡţүһУӦҵġֻɽƵҰģǸλáȻһӣֻܵһںԺ۸Сˡ
𾪿ɫͻȻŮˣʱŷ֣ǰԼ֪ǲ̫ˡ
ңһǲ̫ס
ȴ˵
ֻҪҵĻ÷ٸүڲʹţԺθࡣĵλ⸮күŮ˶޿ġƣҲǱŮ˲ġ
ֻΪ÷峤Ľ޵µĸףĵλ˿ȡ档



ڶٶʮ£޷ȡ

һ㣬ŵºүÿ¶÷һСۡҲΪһ㣬Ǹλү棬ҲǱﲻȡġ
Ҳ룬ͷβǵĺӣĸǱڿ˹ġ
ôˣΪʲô÷ҪĽڤûԵĴô
÷ĸ侲˺ð졣һֱڴ齣һҹʱ򣬲ŲȻЦ
Ѿͷ˵ǣҲȥүǰԹ෴ģһҪȵӡж󣬱жûǸģûǸ飬ôܿΡҪү˱ô࣬һûɹΪλ糯ô
ֻҪĺˣúүһе˶Բסңôҵģ
뵽⣬ΪʲôѾͷԼ˵ԺҪḷ̌ҪԹ
ǺǣԭǰԤԼҪٵһС
ǸʲôĹֵѾͷ
ʱ÷һɨǰǷϣҲ˾֮ġ
ôһںԺһֱ˼Ѿͷֻ˼
ΪΣԼ˼ʮϹ˼͸
һ۽磬Ե뷨ͲһȼϵˡˣΪѣǣȴԲܳΪˡһ룬÷ڶԸȥ
ԷĹϵҪǰģǣܰľͰԵ飬ԺүǱ߶ܲžͲš
Żָԭ̬÷壬ⰵ˿
ǣֻǣЦǶ
÷һ˼ЦȥǸȻ˺ЦǣԺչҲǰӡҪŰЦҲÿԼûǸ
죬÷ʹȥ˺Ц
ǸˮһͺͷһëĹȫۣͷ϶մ˻ʱ̧ͷɨһۡٻǸͺͷ˵˼仰
߻̻̲վһߣʱʱ۾һ÷һ߶
ЦԲס㡣һ÷ѹ˵
ǣǣЦȴǵȻƽĺܣһҲûмеί֮ࡣ
ֻʩһ
ЦңԺĪҪ˴ˡ
Цﰡ
÷岻ſƯѾͷʱ鶯۾Ҳŷġǣͷϣϣȴմ֮ҪģȫϢòվԭ˵
Цտڵһ粨Ҳޡ
Ҿҵ¶ˡֻǣڲкЦˡҽУҵġԺҽҵľͺãҪ֮ģҡ
ʩһתǰȥ
ⲻſǼĮĹת÷塣Ѿͷ̫ˡֻżĹ򣬾ͰǵİһĿ
÷һֱźЦӰһ
ʱ˿ܾһЩһЩš
Ҳ֪˵˸ʲôЦ΢΢һЦ
һ˲䣬÷ͻȻˡתŲЩȥ
⣬߰ա
ⲻʶš
תٰ㲻⡣벻ףǰĺЦྫԵһ˰˶£ǺƵĺܡôÿɰһô޸һֳ󣬻ĶҲںǰĺЦأ
ΪЦЦΪȡΪЦ
ô꣬ϰ˺ЦߵЦ
ĴҲǺͬġ
һ˵ȥԭΪ˸ȥ˭룬˼һ顣һҺ⵱ӣԸ̩Ȼ
ⲻ⡣
÷壬վںɻرߺð죬ɡ
⣬㲻ʵЦЦţģδǲġԽЦĿģԽǺδ䵽õĵزǣһõĵزʵˣԸԵ飬ǵýܡȻˣҲˡ˵ģֻҪŵ̬⡣ΪҲžǡ
ⲻ֨ˡһ棬ûлȨ
÷һ⣬ֻǵһЦ
ʵЦǣԸʵˣǾŬŰɡ
ټϣͺͷӣȻһʻţˡǣƺӡھ֮࣬ҲĻ
չ飬ǰȻǺõġҲֻǱϵķΪΪūԼ˿ƿصءΪײū澣νˡ
ԭΪԼ÷ֵĻ̥ˣ÷ôҲҪһɡǰЩ죬˵ū澸үͺҪҺүԼ˰⼸죬Ȼûˡһò߿һ÷塣



ڶٶʮ£Ǹ

һūţˣһֱţʧݡʵҪģҪʵȨõźð⸮ȥֻᱻڸġ
ߵӵĻÿ˼
Ȼ֪⸮ƸȨڳڶġ
Ϊƽ޹ʵȥҪƼҵȨֻӣǸ⼸ˣҲǲԸġ
ţ˵ļԣݣλȷʵûҪǺԺļﷸѵˡ¶ԺǾͿҴˡڽҪģҪôû⸮棬ҳȨ
ңЦĺܡǸҲǸŹֵģҪŶˡǳүǳô
ǰĽɽһֱȢҲͰˣ⿤ЩˣӻƼȨƽģô
ΪޣƢ˺ö࣬͵е˲ǰſˡߡ죬Ҫ뼸λˣһȾƣͻȻ⸮ĴСǣҲöᣬһȡǵĺԺһʵǮǰ˵һ
⻰˷ƶǣ˵ĶԣӦˡʵɣƼҵȨǶĵҲġ룬ǿҪô֣ǶǶ顣ǺǣǴԣʮ죬ᣬҼǵãĸɫСǣҲкöûءչ飬ҲǺү˰ǿǺүˣ˫ݣһأôҲ˵ͨô
ǺǣҪ⸮ˣңҲҪˣףĽݸֻҳ˵
ǮģǵλЩԼϱˣӦĽ¡£ϵšû֡еģֻ˭ȭͷӲ˭ϴ󡣶ӳ𣬾ͺ˼Ӧñһĸ˸߼ġ
Ӵ˸˴ŵʱڽšԭµĵģžθڡ˵Ҫٴûθڡ
ȥ
һߣ￴ϽȰ⡣˰㻹ǵùϧأȻ⸮ĴСԵء
ЦСȥﻹܹĽݸȥǴҶҪȷˡǳĿ̫ˡ
ҷˣԽԽõˡ
ˣ飬ȷʵǲƿصġǿǱһԺߡֻһᣬһͣ͸֮ĶҪгȥǡΪˡ
ᵽ¶˾ջĺܡ
Ǻǣ˼ⰡʲộҲֻˡǣһôģڲӦҪţֲܣ
¶ʵǰЩ쿤ҪǮҪҪ˵һͨȴ˵ƼҵȨܺҸȥһˣԺҪɾˡ
¶γ֪ƫƫ˼ҵݵλѹ̫ࡣ
ң˵һЩĽݸһУǶĽɽô
үү⸮һУӦǺү˹ܹŵģ
˵˵ȥЩƼңԼ˽ģҲˡҲԸ֣ҲǮѽ
£һôģҲֻȥ ˡһȻңҲȥˡǿĵضȥ˵ɡ
һ㣬ҲǿԳšַֺõ飬ˣϣɾ鷳Ӵ
˼ˣҲԷˣֱڵĺԺȥ
ڵڣͷŸѾ׺ĨϵƤõûһɫسŵģÿζö˿İԸ̾ӣҲˡôٵˣ˺õƤء
ڼ顣
˻밲ʺá
ʣ飬鰡Ǻǣôһľˣɶ¶Ҫ˵
ɫ΢ͣͿһЦõӡ
ڣĪҪ˵Цء
ڲ
ţû¶෴ģлˣ
٨˵Ҫϯ⸮ķˣдСǣȫ뵽Ժ棬˵Ǵһһ£ֺһءջʱ򣬻˵ˣʮ죬ô͡
ʲô
ͣζвٵǮȥ£˼ҲЩǹڣף٣̫ʢġƷ׽ϵ͵˼ңҲ̫صǰԣͣһ˵ǿʱӶࡣ
Ƽô꣬ܲ˽¹ء
ʮ죬ôͣǺүʲôˣʥϣҲ춼Ͱɣ
Сһ߶ϵӣǿһЩΪֹ



ڶʮ£ڵİ

ȣ˰л˵϶ҵǰûҪ
ǽк˵档
ڰ¶أ϶ȥֻǣڵķͷ̫үҲ̫ܹӺլ顣ȥֻ£ĵλǰ
飬ҲڷƵġ
˶꣬ȴΪĽɽȢ˸ݸ߹ˣʹѹ˼ģҲʹĺܰ
ǰŮ˷ĺܰ
ڵ壬Ķһ﷢š϶ֻӴľˣ֪˵˼ж඾ж
һ뵽Щ飬ûɵȫ䡣
ɣ츮ĹǾͰͨᣬҪУԣǹǿԱ䶯ġҪڣʱҡ
ҲǼˡ飬ǰġڣǳҪȥ棬ҪںԺˡ
˵ԷһЩ
ϱȥȥˡ
ţȥɡҲӣĵˣӲ
 ڿɶ
һѱӾһ
ίģֲ÷ֻӦ󣬱תȥ
ԺӣݺݾһߵҶһš
ˣһ°ɡ
ѾͷϽȰ˵
ǺЦӣҺ޲úѪ⡣
ǰʱûţôߡԴ˵һţתϸĵĺʹﵽһޡ
ԼôûкӣûãԭǰֻҪһ뵽Լԩĺӣŭա
Ҳף⸮ôΪΣ˵Į
ˣΪȨƣͲֶˡһΣǷĻҲδɡǿɲǼ򵥵ﰡ
ᵽ¶˴
ţǰһһ𷴿ôҲҪŲġôǺǣ ĻҲһǿ˵ҺԺ
ԱԼߣ飬Ǻܶ˶ɵ顣ҲûٸɡԼߣЩ˱ˣҲġ
һ͸¶Ǹ˵ġʱ򣬾רƺðɡ
ѾͷϽӦ
ɵСһЩҪ˲˿
˵Ըһ̧ǰȥ
ڰڼŻ֦һԱһ󣬰üе˼Ҳ֪һ˭ᵹùˡ
Ѿͷ֪ͨȥʱһĻںԺЩʻЩīգмƷ׷ˣֻ⸽
ǰʱΪһЩίҲģǾʱľĴľࡣ
лǻȥġ
ذǮǸȵѾͷʱȴֻͭǮûϵĳҲԽŨ
ؿ飬ѣִӻһƬСҶȡ˳л
Ѿͷ˸ǳЦţĪȥˣȻ᲻ĵġģǺصġ
أȷʵ
ȵߣֱš
ūŰһٸͭǮˣȻ⡣⸮ܸ͸ŶһѾͷʮͭǮ˲õôһٸ֪㣬ǰҵĽҶҪ˲ſߡ
ͷŷʡ
˼ǿˣҰûı£ҲֻˡãǾүб£˲ٵĻ
һᵽֲˡҪ˵ǰЩĺã͵ðЩӷɢȥһЩԵҲءȻڸ棬ֻв˵š
һĽ޵ΪѧԺھûһǧƱĺıò˵ôǮʹԷ棬Ǽġ
ĽɽĽ޵¼Ӱʾʾôණ̫׵ǿҲҪЩǮ˶ǸزƵģһֱûЩǮȥ
ǺǣЩǮԺСõġ
ۣСܣزĺܡ
԰ˣȴǹԺߺš
СܡҺ;ү˵ˣԺĺӾͽСˡ
ȡ㣬вš
СܡΪδСүĳ嶯
ĳªʺһү
ȻֻСĪˡޣŮޣǶΪȡֵġ
ҽ滰һ̥ްɡȻ֣౯簡Сӡ



ڶʮһ£үǮడ

أСֲܵ𣿡죬ûаѳ
ȣİɡǿӦֻһΪδСףĵǹġ
ǺǣСܶɰ㿴ˮС򽣬СܣḶ́Ǵ۾˰˺ô
һᵽδСһɰֵЩԻ
ȣʵе㲻ס
ЩΡǣ
Ŷ˵ʲôֱ˵ɡνĺܡ
ֻǾã;ү̫һ㣬òƣҲûбҪôҪӰɣ
ĵطϸСҲĪЩˡʮСޣأϧɡ
һĹӣֻͿסҪһĺˡ
ҪģദΪŮˣҲֱջĸо
ǺǣС˵ǶȱˡͥҲˡһЩкӣиļңԲˡ
ҾͲ²Ǿү뷨
ֹ
һ߶¿ЦʵɣҲиСӣȤġ
ȴȻһ̾ϧҲֻһѡ
ڵֶ޷Сһ
СŶõĴһ𣬾ѪӿƲסԼ
һ뵽Сһֱϻ׶ΣҲǽ߲ѡ
˾ȣҲǼٵʱ򡣱ϾҪңֻСźܵġ
͵ҲһʵԼ壬ԽԽˡ
ȥҲ֪ôҪ
ǻкӵġֻҪүԸ⣬ܻеġ
ѹ֪ϵܣȻֻڵûĸʱﲻҪӡ
񵭵һЦûЩ⡣
ˣһھշŵǸȥ⼸ʱ䣬ȥʦȥ˵ҪˣҲ֪һҪȥð
һʦദľˣҲ˰һĿ
ֻ˼żǻȥߵġ
һȥᵢϰ꣬һ֮ġһγţ͵˲һꡣ
Ŷһʦīˡǰ׷ˣƺҲôϲʵҳīհɣûа׷˺ÿ
죬ںöϲīձʾס
ȴǷ԰ҵǾãīպÿء㿴īɫƯһˣŪīհ
ͼ˵Ц䣬һīʰͣ
ڶ켴ˣߵĴѾͷŴǰ鿴׼
һ飬ɫ͸űˡ
ǾĹϯģѾͷг
˵˵ǲ̲ӦǸĸԺ֧йġĹͳԽ֧䡣һزǶ뾡һа취Ŵﵽġ
ǺǣᣬȴĹ񣬾ģһˡԵģʲôҲûˣǸ̼ͨҸͣҲôİɣ
ɸΪ֮عҲġǼҶ˰ҲΪѵĺġһԺˣ⸮ˣһĶѧҲǵô㻹ǶൣһЩ뿤һɡ
Ǻǣǿ޸үҲֻͽүˡ̸ͨȲˣҲ֪ү˳ȥôӡ£ҿҪֵүǶȥһūŲſϸİɣ
ӵǹĺܣһǫ飬Ȼֵ˺үǰҲֻ찡ȻǺүóǮǶΪЩ¶ӦġϾǮǺүôǣЩ꣬үûǮеķãĿǷ˶ǼʵġǿԸ⿴Ŀūȥǳɺã
ѾͷзۣһаǿһסӦ˰ɡƣҵҪƣ棬ǲǴӴԺ󣬶֮ܰġ
ûɣѾͷҲֻתȥ
뿤һ˵ɫѿ
һߵЦţǾɣҲ⸮ˡģҲֻǴһӣȻҪҲù˼šʱ򣬿ٷͺá
ۣţңҲҪһЩˡȻһȺڣүٶǮƣҲڵġ
үˡȻҲõҡүһУӦġ
뵽ɫӹһơ



ڶʮ£صļ

죬㲻Ľݸ˽춼˸硣ҲһӵΣе㲻֪Ҫһ
Ľ޵£һöҾͦʺġϡ
ɡ
ÿηҲױ硣ʵҲϲǰǹʣֻԺʱ򣬾ͰļƯˡ
ǽЩˣ񲢲̫
Ͼֻһѡ
ΨһŮˣҪ˶֪ģҲŮˡУϡҶΪŪ
ҡͷûȰ
Сţ˵ĳλı¡ֻһһöҲԺʱ򣬻ǿͥľۻᣬкԺĸСǶҪȥĳ棬Ǵ̫ѹ˷ǡԺô
ǴӴԺΪô
챻˴鷳ʵںԺ㻨ˣȥһʦʦء
һ룬ϰЩӷ¡ֻһöͨģһöӴϡ
ţҾãͼˡ
Ľ޵Щ⡣ƶһ仰ȥʦ˵ȥˡ
ߺߵӣҲֻЦҡͷߵſڣֻ½ŲЩԹûңҲûСҡ
Ҫŵʱ̬ȼõİ͵ſȥ
ˣǻһΪĽ޵Ժʱ򣬶˲вҪҹͼģʱżһ
㲻ҪߵĻôһɶţԸ
һĽ޵¾ʧˡʵҲ̫ء
治̫ˣ
ţ룬ȷʵ̫ġ
˵ץ֣ȴһץ档
ٵĴ껶ϲչһ¡
ĪϻǸ
ҪǿǣȴЩ졣һ˫۾ǿȴһˮԷһų쵽ժͻˮӡ
Ľ޵¿ɫһһѵס⧲ʱ̧°ͣݺӡ¡

ֱſ߾ٹǺȡһС
ֱϢٴ٣ſ
ϣһ
ôٶ˵
ǣȴ󵽣󣬻Լô
̵ת˫ȣ΢·ЩҡΡ
ʵС̰ͬʱ뷨ҲԽŨöʱԼ᲻һУ˵
֪ΪڱǸ׿˹ŹֶԵʡǣȻģԽȵ㺣Щ¡ģĿԼʧ̬
һʰԼž滹ؾգԷһ㡣
תʱػ¶۰ͰͿ
ôˣǣѾͷһĽӣʾ̫˵뷨
졣۾ү̫ˡ
ǱİǾүԵ˾ûء׺뵱Ȼء
㶮ʲôǾүǶáǣһܲסƣȢޣɾ鷳ءֻҪһ뵽Ľ޵߻ԵŮˣĪģ;񼫲ƽ
ǵȻĺܣǰϲ̫໹ˡ¶һһɡСȢȢף˵ġ
˵ģɲǲԵôСţôСɾôߡһҵһˡԸ롣
Ϊһ룬;ԼԼʹԭ飬ڲ֪ʱ򣬱ȥ
СţҵģģǾһԵģҲٹܹˡ
ﰡҲ˵ѽȻ㲻ġǣū澻ǾãλĸźáȻһˡԺСǣݻһĻԺСô죿ĸ˼ôҪ㣬㻹˰ڲСӣױ˰ڲĺܡ
ǸӣҲǸ˼ǵԶˡһֱģ±ֿʼѭѭա
û֨ҲΪȻЩ˼룬ûµʱ͸ȻһֱȻ״ɲǸ¶
ū˵Ŀ¡ǰʱǼҼҾǿԵģЩ¶ҴҲǿųġۼһ壬ɰɰһˡ
ŮȻҲֻһǶҲǰİ͸εĺáһ⣬ſĿ߹ҵʼֻҷᡣĽأؼҵʱ򣬱ĸǿбţǵȢһޡǸһֱû޵ӣҲֻĬĬһʵһֻںѡ



ڶʮ£Ů˴ż

ĸҲǸˡ֪岻ԸȢҲԣǾʵһӵıݡżٳ⣬΢
ģҲףȢȢôҲ档꣬˸ӡһŮ˵ĵλҲ̧ȥݰȻʱô¡ôĺӣչûĸᰡ
˼һʩ󣬰ѺҪȥ˵ҪĽһﲻ̫׵Ů˾֣Ҫǿºӡ룬ˣӽŷһľƫԼҡٵó衣Ľ֣ںӽ򲡣֮󣬲ЦţȸˡٰҲˡǼҵҲġ
ӪʱҲҪ˶ġȻ
ĻЩ𶯡
һŮˣȴǣһɼլҲǼµġ
ﰡ治ΣܰѾүǾ͵ƿСĪԺĸپӦԣǿɾѽ
һĵ˵Ҳֱͷ԰԰ҲӦλλ
СһӦ۵ֳ
УͳǣҲλ⸮棬λôܣʶ棬λģ
۾µµת죬ĿǰΪֹû˵
Ҳûеġ֪ĳظ棬һλġֻλĸû죬Ȼ͵ˡ
Ǻǣãӵô̧ͷԶ
ǲַλ飬һ˵ǲᱻҲᱻܵġǡ

ôû˵أȴĶ˺üġ
ǣүһ޳ɣټҵô
ĽݸԺٷλۣҲ̫һЩ飬أҲòܽܡ
Щ·ߡЩ飬ɡ
˵䣬һ˵ǰȫĵطĴСѾͷӣ̧ŸԺΰʡ
ÿһÿһԺЩĸҪЩڣһЩһӣҲǱ
һѻѻһƬԴǣü
Ҳ֪λҪӵķ裬Ҹ˶ˡ
ﰡҳ̣ô֡ҪĸĸоǣĸҲ˵ͻİɡ϶ˡ
Ųһ٣ͷ⿴ء
Ĳ²ҲⲻԶˡǲĸǽ죬һֻ̣ҲУԼȨˡǺǣ˵أôôĵİټǣҪ׼ڣжսѽ
սѽкϷء¶ļһȻ˷ܵġ
ɬקק֣ذ㲻ԷΪŮ֣㶮ôԺÿ£ô̫ɫ
Ǻǡ㰡ߡСã㿴㡣
ֻ죬ġͳΪ£òࡣһǿ
꣬Ҵ죬ҲһӴ쵱Ľ㡣ô¯찡
ֻСӵҲǺЦСߵﶼõӣҲƽʱ˼ɫ룬Ҳûôˡ
һλáλãԲԶ
Ǿ͸һ߶̺㡣
ǰЩĸǣ߻źüѾͷ
һ˵һĸѾͷ̺ŵġԵģ͸ԶţԱʱҪԸ֮ġ
ǰм䣬ڵλáһֱҲǸĹڡ
ڵܣǶˣиԺķˡ˵λãһֱڶ˵һ㡣
һҲǰһֱееĹء
ܺµģ⼸ķˣоСǡ
طöƯŮ˵ĵضĵط
÷Ҳ벻֪÷ôģҲֻ氲š񿴼ֻţԵͷǴкˡ
ԴǴ¼Ժ˶ԼͬԶ˶Էǣк飬ǻ˴͸ġһ㣬Ҳο
룬һλٴĵҲ˾ãڹһ



ڶʮ£涷绪

ǰһ㣬λƯ
⼸λ֪Ƕүͨ
ߵǼλһ欶ģЩүġϸüһүóģó˲ʮˡ
ʮ˶ټ϶ˣҲ֪λŴ󷽵ĶүôӦġ˵Ҳûкӣֻ£Щ궼Կ˰ɡ
үһߣСͨľ͸ˡ
ǰλǱֵ̧ںһʮλź촩̵ĸɫǣ˵Ҳүɵ֮ͨġ
ʵݵÿһ˶ġ
һ˵ֻ
үϰٵĲ
ϣȻͿԹµ˶
֮£ĪŮ˷棬ӣҲռŵһλġ
ѰĽݸЩүҲֻԵģҲһЩ̧ϷλСˡ
˵һЩһЩūŷλӡΨйٸһĵλĸҲķ
Ȼﷸ˴Ҳᱻġ
ԵûݵģǾͿ϶Ǳϡ
ΪҲǺܼҵġϾ˭Ҫһݵģٸϵ
Ȼ檣Ҳ檵ĹλƷ׵İ
ǰ⼸εĽ棬ҡͷʵοôԷء߲ȵûҪ
˰˵Ƥһ˰ѡҼǵãһүʱҲ˵˵Ƥˡ˵òĵλôҲӦ÷λġϧ޵ĺġ
˵Цˣݵλֵүһ檵Űү˵Цѡǽ㣬Ϊү˶ӣţҪүԹ檵˶ǰ㶼ڣ½ҪϹ檵ݣҲеĵѽ
Ǻǡ
Ҫ˵ɣӦǹ檵ġչ飬ǶΪү˺Ӱǰ꾫ΪֹҲֻƾɫÿһֱү÷ɶǺ꾫λġĻһүǸȻ˵ʲô۵ĺܣҲ֪ǲǳԻ˶ү¾תȥˣ˵౰ɰ
ɲôǸˣʹˣһΡ
£Ҳͽζ⼸˵İ̸û뵽ƽʱλ뺷ү⸮˵ľʰȻˣҲడ
عһ߶ΪˮӶȴֹ㿴˰ɡ˶Ļ飬ҲΪҾûᷢ¶ء㰡ɲܷɵȻԺЩ˾δ
񵭵һЦذȥԺ׷ء
СԽԼˡҲ֪ΪһӴԵʡԼҲԽĹעһ߶
Ҳǣл⸴ҵԩ飬뷨Ҳˡ

һ߶ͱҪʲôض񾪺һƳУ㿴Զƺ໥ţڵȳѵ֡
Ǻǣʱ򣬻Ǵ򶷡
һע⣬㷢ǶŮˡʵĶСģһǸ˶ƫƫΪһϵͷӣȴ˴ӶԷΪˣοء
ˣ㿴ǰ棬ء
µĵС
Ҳ֪ô¶һᵽڣŵС
ֱĪ£Ҳֻһ˶ѡ
£ܾһ˲ɡ
ǰ棬洺磬Զ
ܵ˴ӵŵӣѾĨǶһŴĶüһĨ䣬һ顣һű˵Ǵ档߳˾ã˰˶
ߣӵŶ˻߷ˡλˣһֱĸγ衣
̵ϡ
λһֱ͵үȢһλˣĽݸķУλݣֻȿԲһһλ
˵ĵճС㡣һһˣָүΪޡ˵ʵҲ벻ף˵ǧ𰡣ǿҸµ˼ҡôͱĽݸ˸ءˣ۾Ϲ˲ɣ
ؼһ㣬޸Ľݸ˼ҲͰˣλү˳ĺÿһЩԵĶ飬вܣ˵ƽӹĺܡһλ̣ǳĲŮǳͻݵ˶һŮ꾩жŶȢ
үΪйоصģҲ˵ʵ飬ֻãү²Լеһƽӹӡ
Ҳֻ֪һ㣬ڵе¶ȫλү
ԵļҲֻİˡ
ô



ڶʮ£ȥ

ǸһǫЦмӵӢ˥ĸˣҡͷ꣬Сʱ򣬾ƶϹһλˣƼҵһܷ˶ѡ
ǶʵҲǰô꣬˲òڹʵǸʵӡ
⸮棬Ŀǰ˵ҲֻҸˡ˵үˣŷӵֺû¶ʹȥɢģһ֮ͨҲڡӭȢʱ򣬺ү˵ģүС֮ͨġڼʱ򣬵ü˵Ĺذ޳ˣֵ÷ר裬Ҫİ
ЩĽ񵭵һЦЩ飬ֻܿ棬ܿôģҲֻнӴĶˣ˽⡣ãֻϵһ飬˽ʵڡ
飬ҪȡţҲʵС
ףԶһ۰
˾ǺҲҲ֪ڿĳǺָء
ֹЦ
ôģͺԼ˼¡
ȻʱǰλȥڵˣŻûԱŲͣͣ˷ĸ첲һ
Ҳ͸̧ͷ˳ڿȥķơһƣЦˡ
֪һλ˲ô򵥵ġɣڹôĵʵһ
˷ͷôôԺա
ΪĽݸĵĸڣȻҸ鷳ġ
ǣ˼ҿѹһΪֹ֪ɹ̫ء
ڣ鵢˰ɡǻȥţȵ裬Щ˵
ҲǼȲġʱ˾Ҳֻǿ԰š
ţ߰ա
һߣ߷ƳһԶڣҾðɣܻļġƫǸ죬Щ˰ɡĺáȻʱɹĻء
һ̧ͷգٳĻڻԷˣܰɣ
˵õĿ磬ʹΪǣҲ˵ĵȴѴҸ汩ɹİɡ
ǣһ޷ĿƢԣЩȷ
ˣȰɡɡ
˵꣬ǲģȥߴһ£ʲô
ǣڡ
˹Ӧ˸Ѿͷȥ뿤
ֻǣһȥˣʱΡ
ô
ɫЩԥһߣСѾͷһֱΪӡϣ̫ϸϸߵģųĶǰ׹ˡ
ڣȥʱ򣬿û𴲡˵ǡϺͺүһ̸̸̫ˡ˯£ûūҲûԺӡ
Ŷ
ڵɫһαļѿ
ãǺõĺܰ
һ߶˺߷һۡ߷ŨŨΡ԰꣬չɹ˵˶Ҳֻٵš
Ǻǣŵţҵʲôˣ
ɫࡣ
Ľݸô꣬һֱ˳˳ˮˡǰЩЩ⡣ǣĵһλʵʵġڵãϴȢ˸С㣬Ͱĵһλ϶
УȨƣҲӰ졣
ͷԽңҲԽĸꡣ
ߣٴߡ
ڣˡֻױ
ٴߡ
ڣڽš
ڣȻڽš
빧
ڰԺ񡣡
ڡ
ԽԽ׵Ϣ̡
ҲͲȥڵվܺãϣҵҪҺүô˵
⻰ڰȾߡ߷˸Ͻ׷ȥɩţһһ¿⵽Ǹʲô˼ˣᣬȴ˶ɹڴ˴Ǽ˼ȥ̺ڣ˼Ī˲źá
˵ӦһˡҲûٸǰͣԭպŲ衣һϣ˱¹ʲôС¶ܰȻµĶţһҲһֱ¡˼ҲǶ˻ᱻΪڴ˵ԭɡ
Զ
һʾһᣬѵķʽճˣ
ڴСǣһҲ̫
뿪һҲȥ

ȻǡʱƵĳʱȴȻˡ
ĳһѲ£Ǳ·ĲҡС˵ϣһ˫۾ů̫ôһ·Ȼ°͸̧ȴҲ弸λ˴к



ڶʮ£޿

λүˣվţףأ
ſڲһһʡ
΢΢ߵ÷Żȥˡ˵ȻӦ
ѽ˼ôǻᣬôʰˣ᳷Ҫȥȥ
˵̲꣬ͤȥӣͻֻТ˳ˡ
˵˵ɴ۾һλ˻Ϸ
˼ҿҪȥ˼ˣΪǵǣҲøȥǺ˵õĿ磬־ķʽʹճˡ
˵⵽ʲô˼Ϊʲôū澸㲻أ
һ߶ѹɤѯ
Щ飬Ժܿ
ǣ쿤ֵһǶ˵ˣҲеֲ
Ҳ˼ţλĿɣʲô˼ôȻڳ̫İ
ˣҲҸȥɡҲԺŶҲŰˡ
⸮µһЩϷ룬ϷʵҲǲġ
̲ͤ󣬾ͰڰôðӴľٰһᣬȴˡһﻹ˼ԺְɲܵӴǵˣټһĽݸ˭ʱһӺ˭շŵӴڣ治ܵǵˣʱүѹʹİ
һԺӣͼûȣǣȴеĺТ˳ӣһȺٴĿɿڴ
ǸķȥĽῤ
оһТ˳µĶϱ⺿ͦ鼱ġǺĻ˼Ͳôˡ
ڣĸ̶ˡ
ˣںɥˣ
һߣλֻվһ߶СȰοҲֻ鼱ѡ
úãҵ塣һˡ
ʵɹ̫ģڻе㲻
Խŭһ֮»ˡɺãĺȻôҲȥˡ
ǿӵݵǰ֣
Ҳˡ
ֱЬӾȥ
ҵҪƣϱôТ˳ĺǴģ
Źзȵϼϣȴʧ˷ȣλѾͷֵǡ
ԵһһеĽڲúӦԣǻ³˵İ
ڰˣô찡Žû죬˼˵ҿˡӴôôడǸѸͰˣٵһŵҪ
ˡ
˼õģġʱλڿ˵Ҫģܵ˰һȣѳգ۾ǰ˼ҡ
ѽ
ֻϲơԭ㲻Ҿ˵ôôˡţ˼ٴϢ˵岻á
˵꣬ɫһˣҲʵһ£ĸūҥ°Ǹ̫ƽĺܣȻˮǶ𣡡
һ£˸ϽǰӦҪȥҥµ˶
ڿ費ѵĿûа⵱ŵķ£ҲЦű˶˳£涢ſ
ô磬⸮棬Ҳûܸǹء
һίֱл
ҵڰ⻰ɰѹӴҪ˵⸮¶һֱͼλڹܹŵġѽҲǸŽ˶ȻǰߵֻҪλСģҪҰӣд񡣿ǣôƢãû̫ϸҪǰ磬˵Ӵ
˵꣬ŵϡ
ҲʱߵӲŵСѡ
Ҫϸ˵ȻĶϱǣ˵Ҫ밲ʺ򣬻ҪġһദţǡҪţ˵Ҫˣλã
۾һ㶡
ΰѵ־ͱһƬٿǰǸСĸˣһסŮΪλŵ˵Ҫ硣
ǰ磬һֱٳٲ
ͼģǾǴ̼̣ԼˣҪҪġ
죬һλս⸮棬ҲԼΪΪ
ǣΪΪϴ
һ߶Ҳ뵽һ㡣Ȼƴ³ĿҲǸг˰ôһڣԺ⸮κˣô



ڶʮ£׼

ˣ˵ҲˡһǸЦĿӶЩۡ
ȻϾû̫ΪˡǰһλֻһֺǴ³ӡ
ʵأ
˼һһУȫǰԼķʽƫƫеһУǳٵʸ񰡡˼ҵǶţ㻹ô
ڣ˷˵ֻ絽һ˵İףȥ
ƽʱԴԹ˶һֱﲻһ
һ̣˰Ծ衣һλҲǰôˡ
ڵҲǸõŵµˣ⸮Դˣǣһ챻˾ѹǽӲš鴤׼Ҫ
ǳȴʱֲһ䣬ڣ彡ǾͲˡλӦɢģͶɢ˰ɡΪûҪŵ˼ҵ徲
ûȫһ˵ˡʱ˵ɢɢ
ƫƫ˼һû취
Ҳŵͷվһߡ
ȻվģһˡǶţΪǶţȵ뿪ˣܾٲ˻ȥ
һԺ棬͹ſίƯ˵ĸɫǡ
ׯķǣм߹׼λһʾĺס
̧°ͣһߵǣҷǵĵλһ̶õֲƽʱôҵΣ
ڣһҪҪ¹Ҫ΢վһ߶ūһš
Ҳ֪⻹ġ
ѵô﹧ߣ켸ķǣȻߵĸ
ǳһҲߵļԵķǵ۲бȣһλȴԼ۾һµǡ
ʱʱģվĳλǰһ
ѽĿźģҲΪĵԵʣүеİɡ

ֱ׵⣬ȻɫүǵҲڴ֮ͥ£ЩΪ飬֪λӦ
û̫ãܵһǰ
ѽһӣ֪ģһųСءһ۾Ǵ޹ĺġ˵ˣ꣬϶Ҳүа԰㵱ɹһĳŵءҲ֪һүЩˡ
һ߶Ȼǰŵˣ⻰°ҲЩ̧ˡ
Ϊ˵ǸѾͷԺλеһλ
ǰãֻүϲһЩģǴ治µС
ţгȴǵŮһĶԴ
ԸΪʲô
뵽үҲһƯΪһ˵ƯҲɰŮѵ˵ôүģűŮˡǣԼǸŵŮ

̵ģͻȻʹ
һֱᣬүֻǶһЩµСϲ
ʵΪĲ뷨
ʶһүһЩҲͱ˶ġ
ûһŮˣ֪˶Լıٲ˵㺺󣬻ỹкøС
֮һǱ׵Ķˡ
ðҲ̫࣬үֻǵϲһЩɵĹءôһʱİòͬһʱİãֻ仯ǿˣ˰ͺ޲µ˶ȫǸǰźá˵ǿĵԷ𣬶˵¶Ҳ̫ܹ˵ġ
ķҲǸҡͷҲðɣµˣһԡ죬ֲˡŮ˵һ̵Ĳˣúóˣÿˣһһ¡ǲãͻһ߶ȥ
Ǻǣɲ
λ̸š
ǳȴС
ĴһλǷǰ
Ĳӿ۵ؼг
ѽţҿŵţءү϶Ǹܵ˰ңһԲ˯˼伫µܰ
λһߵͨ졣
ʵֻǿ欵ʱΡΪү棬ͼģǰ˯ġ
˼Ҷ裬ȴǺүԼķ
ÿһëԴ˯Ƕβϡܻܽӡ
һ·һ·
µСһƫƫ˼޵˶
ڣӹ÷ʱֻƲ졣
ڲŷ֣еﰡ治Сˡүôµ찡ôɫ˥ʻӣû
գĸţŲ׵Ĳˡ



ڶʮ£˭Ҳ۸

۾ǿƴҲ˱á
ֱƺһöǣڶһʳڳһߵغ¶Ųѡ
Զ÷Ų˻ǣǸ½ɢȥǰȥ
ǶˣˣһĨ޵ĳ
һλѾͷһֱ⸮ΪһʦԵʣЩͬǰ⸮˶һϣ̫Ϊ
һλƺΪ£Щڲͬ
Ҳ֪ôԸλҲĶѾͷ
ſƵȻǡôӣҲòϣǸѾͷǵĺ񰮣һ޵欵ġ
ˣǵˮĲϰ
Ȼҿֺ޲ðĳ嶯ǣҲòϣһǺƯҲǺġ£һ˺ۣҲ˵Ŀ
˵ţ־Ҫϵǵ˺ۡ
ͷʩȻһ
Զ
ôľͱÿɫ䣬ֻ˲䣬ƣţǾŶİ˶˵ҲҵĶϱѽ
һ仰ÿߵһЩļλĽŲһ٣˴˼
㲻ˣλаǣ˵
Ҫ֪ϱĴʣҪ˵ġ
һ˵⻹ҪҪĽ޵Ȣˣ
һʱ䣬˶ЩֲһλҪ
ˣҲֻǰūţĶϱĴʡ
ȻԲ÷ﴹվһߣİԵͷѾͷҲֵûɵɵײȥλǿƴֺʵ򣬸ƣе˷ʤ
˵Ƕϱǣ˵㲻ǡȻҲǣڵ㣬ҶϱŶɣŵģʱҪϱ̺죬͸̺ҳ֮ġÿ磬㶼һˡǺүڣ͹̺ңɺã
˵ǿɺãǣܾܾô
÷ﰵҡͷǣ
̺򣡡̧ͷտڵǳЦų̺֮£һūȥ̺ⶨǰĸֻǣλȥ̺Ҳ˿ĸοүҲԸ⿴һ˴ǰġԣҪ˼òȥ̺򰡣
Ǿܾˡ
ûԶһúÿϧҪ֪̺ҲǱԼĵλƫƫһλԷĶһݵܾ
һ̣ǿ񣬾ͳ˸ָӵһ֮ƺûλݵ΢ˣеܾԼ
һ޷ǡôѾͷﻮһ˿ζЦ⡣
ˣ㲻Ըȥˡ˵ģүҲһԸ⿴ڸŴŰʱɵŶȻҿҪġ
˵꣬šһ΢ŵٶȣ쵽ֻأ¿ԵĵͷǰߵһȺǣѹûע⵽λȻһЩ˵Ķ
ȵλ뿪ˣز߻񣬡⿤ôأԴ㵱ʲô
Ҳɫء
ŲҴԷȥ
ǰߵϣ;ճһЩʲôһĶһ
һ뵽ʱԼģƺЩԵöĵĺܡ
һŲҲ͸ˡ
غ½Ųǰ;ߵ̫ˡ
£϶ߵġ
ϻ㱻һһ£İŮˣôأսСȭͷҪǿǸŮˣҶҪб뷨ˡ
뷨ܰɣض½ŲſʱӡҡͷӦǣҳŰɣҲǸҲòţ˵λһõˡŮҪһһĻУҲǲܵġ
ţԺһλĽӴǡһսСѾͷñκ˵ѹŶԡ
㻤ӣЩ°ǲǴ⣬Ҫһֱܵκ˵۸
԰ѵ𣿾Ҳ۸ɸˣ˭۸Ҹ
ӴӴ˵۸ﶼǲԵô
ǡι˵ذ㵽Ҫ˵ɶ
¿ߵǰȥˣСǰ
ֻ֪Ǿү۸Ҫô죿
˭֪ز첻ʳһ



ڶʮ£ĵ

ү
Ȼû⡣
Щ£ذǲʴˣүﻹأô۸ء̫ˣˣǹ٩ǰɡ
˭֪ȴʱ࿴£㡣һ죬;үֽˣǰүǲվһ߶ǲվʱһʱҪδ
»ˡңҲһɣҾãҪõһˡܺƽദҾã£ܾͲкðء
µ˼룬չǼࡣ
ĻشĬȻ
ȻҪָʵϵĹػΪ꣬ǰ첻ġԽҪ飬ҲڵһС
Ľ޵£Ҳ۸
һ룬صθУҲԽˡ
£Ҳ֪ܲҪһ顣Ǿǣ÷˭ǵˣ
Ŷҷֵ飬ĻҪרŸҰأҷԽԽٹҵ˲µСô
±ʾ̫ˡ
е㱿
ҲЩӦٻ
ǣǸûг˰
˭ӵ¶Ҳֲ壬ɶѽ
ȴЦֻ㣬;үҪһսҪվһߣ
۾µµתôôⰡүǵӣҲǵӰңүҲӣԵȻǵӡˣҲ糶ˣﶼԶء
ܽԷȴԼԡȥ
ʵԷһȥǾһȻȪء
һƬ̫󣬵ҲȪصġ
һƬأҲǵүרΪġ⾩棬˵˻ʹֻ޵ļȪصĵض
ݵ֪͸¶Ϊ˴һأүǺݷһЩھȥõһء
ֻǣںү˷˳ºһƬԷȪҲ˴ǱүҪֹڡ
Ҳǰʱ䣬һƬط˽˰Ѵ˴ɢֿʼһƬطҲֻĽеġ
ȻҲֻȥá
Ľ޵£û˵һƬԺǽԺǣȴסĽŲ
Ľ޵£Ҳ֪ǻںԭһֱԸ⵽˴
ΪԴ˴Ҳ񵥶ദһ˽˵ضˡ
Ѿͷ֪һ˽һ·׷ƬطҲƲ
ذ֡
ˣҪȥˣҪģ侲һˡ
ҲͣҲǰ˸ϷһѣôҲúúϴһ衣
Сء
أˣʵңǰȻǾүū澣أūˡԺ󵫷鷢ǶҪ޷˵վһߡǣү˵ʲôǾͱҪʲôǶõģǿԿŽСǲõģǾðķԸˡ
Ҳ⡣
ȴͷţ뷨סǰǼһǷʱ򣬼Ҳвū֮顣ʱūվλҲǼҪİˣĻķԸ£ҲӦ¶ңĪҪɣӶֲʱɾ͵òʧء
Ĺ
ѵõĿ佱
ȴĺܣ´ʵؽ㣬е㲻ףǼңǰжļҵװо㿴źö฻ɵĶɫҲġһЩ£˽ͨ͸ĺܡ֪öĹūҲһļء
Ťȥ·һҪ·ҲãӣҲҪϡ
ᣬһᵽؼĵط͸ӱܡ
졣 ĵ̫˵ġ
ǰɣһ㲻ãᵽȥ¶̫˵
ʱҲҪ˵һЩľ˾°ΪʲôؼľͲء
Ȼ˵Ĺ£̫ˡĺãһ򵥵飬Ϳˡģʵȥ԰ٺ٣ȻʱҲôĶҲüõġ
һ뵽¾;ãԼӦȥתһ
ģɾ棬ĸСѾͷϲĸү
λүִλСѾͷ
֮ү棬ϲ鷢
ֻ
뵽ȥ˺ð죬»ǲģū澽̺ɣһϸġ
棬ںݺݴ
ʵĲҪƤˡǾò
ǶһճĶճŵġ
֪ǣԶϣһ˫Ȥ塣



ڶʮ£Ѱ

ϴŴţȴƺкβ׵Ķ
ǸоǺ󱳣ʲôϢϣڣһ˲䣬ͻ
һ̣ŵȫѪҺֹͣˡ
ֻ˲䣬Ͱ·һظ
㡭
Ť˵˲䣬
ʲôʲô
û뵽Ǹǰֻϵ˷׿塣
ʱ˰һԼ
ǻ񣬿ȫë
㡭
ѵ¿ˮȴ֣˽ˮУ°̧ĸ߸ߵġ
ûٶ˵ǣǿ񣬻˲ѿĵǿԼƹˤ
ģԽõĺÿѽСѾͷģһʱ䣬ͿԿء
٬°ָͣҲĦмÿһȫ͸һļƤ
Ҳֻ죬ûзûӱܡ۾Ȼ޲Զһӡ
ˣһξͲҪˣһΣ˵ŶСڿԽˡôûһ޶ˡ
Ҫ
ڿҪʱǺݺŤڵ쳶һߵĽϡ
̬Ȳ첻ǣıӰЩƲۡ
׿һ򴽣Ůˣͼңҵ磬ֻз֡Ȼϰ𡣡
·Ϻٻʱһɡ
𣿾ƾǰһЩĶҵڣװһƭˣ׿壬Щ飬֪Ҳ㹻ˡȥ˼ô
ŮˣΪҲᶯ㡣׿ܻһһȻķ缲ʻ
һͷβʵǶһƬʹЦ绨䡣
ô˵ˣ߳ŭ׿壬û˸˵ʵ㲻УǡҲڲС
㡭°ٿ
ôҴʹţɱй©ߣνֻҪɱңһöӣҲõ˽ѣⲻǼã
Σ
׿ЦˣֻǣЦݿɭ
ΰɣ̼ңΡ
ЦţԶҵū
Ǻǡ
°ٿһۣˮֹͣ
һߴϢͣ
俴ǰĵطͻȻһˮ档
Ϊ·ˡ
ǡʱ 

ؽϰǰ̣ϵ˺ۣ
ҲСĹ˵ġ
ĻشظϽͷ
֪ˡ
ղźʲô
ֻǣһūҲܶʡ
߳ȥ㿴Ľ޵´Ҵææ

ϵһ˺ۣҲǽŲһ١ɫ΢䣬ûж˵ֻǰһս֡
Ī£ҡ
ţСš
Ĵݣһ˲ȫ߽⡣һ㣬ˡ
Ľ޵°߬ȭͷš
Ůˣֱ۸ˡУ嶯Ҫɱˡ
ݺĽ޵һ§̫ˣҽ졭ʦҵһЩֻҪٸһʱ䣬ŶܰǶ˷
̧ͷˮʦǣæ飿
Եģ£˵ǼҪ顣
˵Ψһһ¡ֻǣ⻰Ľ޵²˵ΪԸΪ˷̫ľ
֪ǣһУʵΧġ
˲ûо˵ǣ˴ȴǼζԷġ
ںԡأ
ʱĽ޵²ŷӦղĵطӦȪ
ʵ֪ȪģֻΪĽɽԵʣûȥǸط
ܵԼȻһ̧ͷ
ԺĪȥǸطˡ
ţȥˡ
ȥӳˡ
ȻûôţֻҪһ뵽񣬻Ǹо
˯ɡ
˵顣ֻǣڴϣȴôҲ˯š˺þãĽ޵ΪԼװļãȴһߵŮ˷һ̾Ϣ
СţҪɸ檰ɣ
˵ʲô
û뵽Ъ˰ҹȴһ⡣
Сţ˵ˣɸ檣Ҹ֮ͨģҡкö鶼첻
ĻĽ޵»ðɡ
㶼ں˵˵ Щʲô㣬ҵģ
ѵǺ޲ðʹһ١ֻǰ˺ݺѹ¡
ãǣı֤̫ãǸħͻˡΧƣ̫õġ
§ڻ˶ʱ档
֪˵˵ʱжʹ
ǣôôɵ



ڶʮһ£Ц

˵꣬ϵᣬҲȥԸɡ
ŤЩɬĪҪġ
Ц̹ˣҵģĶġ
ûġ
ࡣ
ȴЦ
ˣͲˣԺݵᡣȻҿɰúóͷһ١
úãҲ˵ˣҲ˵ˡ
̧ͷϴЦݣȴۡ
ǵüٽŲˡ
ڶ죬Ľ޵𴲡
ʱֻϽǸץסŲܿ࣬Ҳٴü񣬺˼š
һ룬ȥѧԺɽĽŲҲ͸һЩ
ɽ
ʦһεֻǰü
ʦҸʲôۣҲһҪҵǸˡֻõ֡
㣬ʦþò
֪һǶҲµĴڣǸΪһ¶
ҲҪץסΪһɧŵҵ
ʦҲջĺܡ
Ҿ취
ǸӣΪҲ֪ô
ʱǴʦҲŻҪ˷ĺá
룬Ӧа취ġˣʵȻΪͽܣǣҲǶɵмӵġ˵ûпܣ
Ľ޵ͻȻ
ʦסصͷ
ƺпܣǸ϶ȻǸʤǿˡǣ˵֮𣬸ǿĺܡǰ׹ˣֻ£˻Ϊ˰׹һЩʲô
һֱйڶһУڻɣƲ⣬ˣпܾһ̽ӡ
ֻǾĻûƲ
ϣûв̸ɵ⡣ʦ취ϵǸ϶ֻҪܰѷ׿Ҳûܹˡ
ͷǸ̰ļһҪ뷢ˡʦ̫ôġΪ̫˽Сĵԡ
ʦ˶ܱãÿ춼ڵУк壿
ͽܳʹĻʦĬˡ
򣬡˵ĶԣΪΪԼļ԰Ҳ޷ٻϣȷʵû˼ˡ
ʦЩʸиţĽ޵֪ΪʦʹʧԼˡ
ô£ûϸ˵
̾Ҳһڡ
аضҪԼĸо
棬ڲеƺһҹ֮䣬ȫ췴һ
ǸֳҷͽǸ췴˵һˣҲ׿Ӷȥ
ԼղضıЩҲһٶա
ҪģͽܸŪˡ
Сӣ겻Ӧ㰡
һھƣаЩɥ
ʵҲûʲôúڵģϾҲֻǿ츳
ΪԼѰһЩҰһЩ֮ġ
һΣȡ˼϶֮ĶĲʤҲ⡣
һ뵽һεĶעа̾ˡ
ϧô꣬ʮ갡ΪһȴСӸŪˡ϶ͽܣôİҵĵˣһ©Ǹ֮šҲ߯׺ݶһЩӣպضɰ
һ뵽׿壬аЩµġ
ҿƽʱСȻֻ²һЩôˡ
ôһ룬Ǹиӡ
ǰ棬϶ҿǰȥˡ
׷ΣһҪϼһ
ߣһ˶ˣЩһֱ׷ģˣӶҪӵ˶ˡ
ֵ϶Цһ
һˣҪ׽ûôס
һЩۺĶųʱаЩ۵ġҪ֪׿һͣϵĶﻤҲԽԽˡȥǿĶֻ֣û취ȫˡ
ǣʱЩҲˡ
ôһѰ˼аʹʹǰЩۺĶ˳ȥһǰ˾ʹ˽
ЩòȻ§һ𣬰аЦӽȫǣ˼棬ɣͷҾ²ĺġ
תߣÿ֪һ˻ôĳªԡԣӡУҪôɵӡ
ҪôǴ⼸͡
ۡ
࣡
а
ǰһȺžǹ߾˵ͻأ֣ǰƺЩϤЩһϼһѽ
㲻ӣ̸ֻһ׵ġ
һʵҲ
аЩƣƺһץԼһˣ



ڶʮ£

ֿˡ
ֻǣҲǣ̫ȷ
£аͲڰǰҪЩʲô
 ϼһ֪ǰ棬ֻҪǹȥضöǡҽ첻ЩһĿģǲץ㣬̸ġȻͽһ̸ˡҷģͽܸһҲǸɢ֮ˣЩ鷨ԵģЩаĶҲǶ㲻ġˣͽ̸аɡ
а룬ǵѧԺһ
һҲη塣
Ͼһ˻ǽġ
ֻǣǽû֨˭֪һΪץԼʲôŹֵĻء
ֻץסͽܷ׿塣
һʵ
аЦ
ץסͽܣҲÿǵôˡ
һԺˣῪʲô
ǣаǣһΣ˾ȻһòĶ
ҷһɽٶ֥ٷöɽѩϣЩҲĴڡ
ǰһ֥㹻˶ĵġַԼɽѩϣĺ£ðаЩ㶡
ԣһʱû֨
һ㣬һֵ黭Щ۳ֽĴڡ
һһջĵ׳
аɤ۶ˡ
ȷһԼԾͿʼ֪ΪʲôҪץͽܣ
ڿˡῪڣǾζſ̸УңһǵģҲǶ˶ġ뵽Ľ޵ºʹʦ˶˿
ȻǺǾζǿһЩ顣
£аԼҪһЩ ʵЩѹûȥ᲻ɡֻǾãʱ˼ңҪEƺҲ̫˵ȥˡ
Աſڿӣж˵١
ǣһǸ꣬Ȼ
һаײˡ
ǣǰȴҲϾ׿Ե˼
ãɽֻҪǴӦЩȥջ׿壬ǣȻֻܲܰץסɲ˵ġ
ԣҪṩһЩйڷ׿һЩճϰöȵȡӦ֪һһͬų˻ð죬ǲԺıҲҿԳܵ˵ġ
⻰ðаĬˡ
Ϊ֪Է˵Ļȷġ
ãҰ֪ģȫǡ
ʱ򣬰аҲ֪Ȼѡ˳׿壬Ҳζţûлͷ·ˡ
ϰа˵ЩϵԼĥһЩ Ľ޵ƶһϸķ
طذյ˴Ȼɱ
Ľ޵ڵͼϣһطȦ
ʦһЩ⡣
ǶɽôǶأ
ɽ滷ֻһɽ
طвٵĳûǣհаṩЩⶾҩǵǱڴ˴ѹ¡෴ģĵطȴ÷׿žԵİȫСϾֵطϤĵ̡
ʦЦˣԣջϤĵطڷ׿忴аطȷʵġ϶ϲжĵطǺܽ顣ߣûм˻ʶˮԡ׿ʶˮԣĺأܲܿγȥɡ
˶ġ
ԡĽ޵»һܵˣҪģôѷ׿ջطȥ
аһ·ݵʵһЩȻһʧܵĻ϶ǻҡ
ڱԼˣ׿϶֮ǵġ
¾ʹƶĽ޵Ҳûɿ
˼һƬطŪһЩֽšȻһƶץжֻ²һɹġ
ôһ룬תֿʼļʦ
ûһ֣Уֻ˾е㷦ǣûӰĶ
ǼǶרңģһЩССĶС׿Ķ֮ˣһҲٷŹġңҪ׽ܰСĶˡ
뵽⣬Ľ޵һͷ˼ķҪģ޾ϸ
һæЩʱڸҲæű顣
ǿ˵΢
ҪԼȥ̺ˡüһŽŵļĸȴҪһӵСȥ̺
һ뵽ı٬ĳûһġ
Ҫɡ˰죬ƿĽ顣



ڶʮ£΢Ȩ

ҡͷԻ·ѡһöͨӺ󣬡ȥɣȻˣȻҽڣҲӲˡǣԼȥˡ
΢ȨأʱľǾ¡ҲԼԿˡãҪô
ڳ˵ʵĻЩɻġܾǸ˿ƺһǲͬҲ˵
ڲ˽ˣķǺصġ
ʰ׵Ჽȥ
ʱϮۺͳбһߵΧ࣬ץżϣżһЩȥ
Щɫһʳǰá
ÿξҵἤһˮ
ЩˮСǰҪɰжɰһԵģͳ㲻ϵİβ͡ǲɣһԹԴһ߶ȥ˰ΪʲôһģһЩ˲ټʱҲأ
ܣΧŵŮı΢
ǡǡõһ̾üһǶԼ˵ģ
ߵĸס
Ҳʱŷ֣һĸףǱŤһһĺܵĸ״ˡҲǱԼʮҰɡͣȴҪĸףôôñŤ
ܳҲЩŤ㶡㷴Ӧ֣ȣǰľǿ˶˶ҵӴ
⻰ûһİü
ܵĸ׵ϲҡ
Ǻǣ˵ˣҪôôҲĪĸףҪȻһԼ˲ءͽҿɡ
ڣǲԸ˰Լ̫ˣһƺ
ȴǽ棬ǣһŻ˵̫裬Ǻү֪ˣֻ¸Щʶ̻š
ȣ˰ˣ⺢ǵģһƺôôģǰҽĸף˺һһЩĺһϸ㡣
ƺΪһνȥ
ֱߵ뿤ԶĵطһδͷվһߣнڣһҲ졣ĳҲǲ˵ɣеһ
ĸף뷨
ߣŵӣǱŤĺܡˣ˵㼫ᳪ裬һ
衣
һߣĴΪ
һ˵зλңǲġ
Ǹĸ裬Ҳ˵ǵ
⸮ĸ֮࣬ҪȥȡֻǣΪֻҲû취ܾ
һʱ䣬صļ
裬֪ĸ뿴ʲô赸赸̫ġ
ȻһǫЦݡľĳһβǸģҲԵ˶ΪʲôԼǰ͸һľͷһءϲˣǲͻϲľʵˡ
Ů֣ĸҲ衣ǼԵһ裬ǱľͷһĻе裬һ֣һͶ㣬Ҳǵɴۡԭģ
һۣҲȥˡ
񡭡ʲô˼裬˼ҵңѲɣӦҵģ
ֲ̿ĺܣϽͷؿʱֻڸ̺Ÿλӹүû˽̵ô衣ºΪعӵҳߣ˶ٿҽںԺСңĲᰡ
һ˵ͳһߵĴѾͷ
ѾͷͷĿѾͷֻѧԺ浱һʹѾͷһĴڡºĽ뿪үԺҲһֱǱ״̬ĶҲмġ
˵䣬ѾͷŨŨı֮顣
Ҫ֪ʱᳪ費ŮˣǱ˱ӵĴڡ񣬸Ǳ˱ŮˣޱأҲֻһпõľͷ˰ˡ
Ҳ˵ʫһЩҲ̫ඣҲĺܡ
ҵһ նڿѾͷһҲ档
ʫ顭ٺǸֻǼ򵥵ʶһ㡣ǿ԰־ꡣ
־
˶Цˡ
һȺѾͷӣҲųЦ
ܽأҲֹһЩ־ɣ
ؿūȻֻһȵѾͷҲῴʫһ鼮ġ־ĶֻʺСӿѽū澣ôӴ
صɫԽѿԼ̲סԣиϽͷͺԶ
ﲻʫ飿
ޣүһ



ڶʮ£â

һ˵Ӷôġ
ȻľֻԶһʫ顣Ҳ룬ôıѩ˶
ǣġԣĪҪƻļƻΪ
һ룬ȻĲʣҲֻʵվԭأԹԵһ˳ЦԼ
ˣٹҲһľͷ˰ˡˣһкأȥգԺټĪڱǰģĴɫ˵Ĵڡ
ͷĻ֡
ĸףңһû̺ءһηӵӡĳĺܡ
ȥɣȱ̺ˡľͷ˶žͷա
һʧߡ
ӣͻһ˵Сһ
ó
ϽñŷҲԲȥ
õġ
ΨΨ˳ȥСһͦ˿СѾͷִ˴ǵĶǡ
ôھǵ̫ˣ
ؿԺҪβ
ҲǺݺݵͷֹǰԺþŹҲûء
񵭵һЦ
ǲǾãǱҪˡ
ȻǶԲڵݵλ
СѾͷһͷ
صɴ۾ѵãôǣŹǸ֮Ű
Źô׿ˣӦž͵öŰȻǲǹô
ȴǵȻ֡
ֻǣӿеԣ
Сڵ֣ǲܵԡǣϻǵ𣿡
˿
̫ǳˡϣڳǰ̸ϣǺǣǾ͵űˡ
СѾͷǲ׵ӡ
渵
ʵϲһƯ˺Ĵڡߵһ׮һһˣƯģԣңʵҲкøеġ
غµ۾ɵĸˡ
ſڣҸˣȻкøУΪʲô㲻ûã෴ģȴеأ
ЦЦЩ¶С
ǰ˼̫򵥡ʲôˣǿ֪
֪Ѿͷ̫˽⣬Žŵ
ʵһϲʲôֱҪʲôֱϲңʱ]ǾܾǼУΪ
СѾͷȫƤһ㡣ɣѵ˵ǸŮͨԵˣ
Ҳ̫һ㡣Ҫ֪ǺүŮѽǰôţҲֻǰ飬ڣΪʲôҪأ˵̫ѽһֹ壬ǲܳġһֹ壬ҲֻԼ˾С
⼸仰СѾͷһһѡ
ôôǻҸһĵطүһĺð
ǰҲ룬ԣһЩ飬ǵıźá
ǰλʦãĽ޵ڼĺá
ΪֻܲүȢסҲᣬٵϻһ̨
ڣ뷨һˡȡ˹Ľ޵²뿪طȥ
֮ءǻϼ꣬ʮ꣬ʱٻؾǣ⾩棬ǿаĽ޵µĻ
һ룬ǿ˼һҪô뾩ǲźá
˵ҪҺ;үһ뿪ǣҪô뿪أ
СѾͷ۾һ
ظǻϲĺܡ
ѽҪ뿪ǰ뿪үǿɾѽֻǣҪ뿪ȷʵǸⰡ
һߵȴνĺܡ
кβ뿪ġһʦϵáһʦ˵ϼûܳȥô
һ
԰һҸͷǷ뿪ǣȫеİĿôңȫһʦˡ
ãһСĲƽʱҲкôģ룬Խʡʡµİ취ԽǺ
ڿ佱أڱҰ
Ľһۡǿ佱ɵɵءҲбأһʱ뵽ôõ⡣ﰡҪ˵ɣһʦԸ취϶ܰȥġӣҲã¶ǵһʦźá
бҪȥһʦѽ
˼
ҹĽ޵»ûЩȻ
Ľ޵˵ҪһҪ飬ʲôʡϾ˶Լҵġ
ֻǣôûǸˣĻǷŲȥġ
Сţȥʲô˰ôҲ
ҲʱʶСŷֿõһΡʮ죬ûһš



ڶʮ£ݲɻ

ӳĵڶ죬һϢ
һŮȻ˳ķۣǱ뵽Է棬˵˴һŻȡ
˵ǲһŻݡ
ǸˣõһŹֵĴʡ
㲻֪ڴ԰˵ǳе㲻һĹϵ
һĹϵʲô˼ˣ
ڻӺıͣһߵīϴ˵ǰϴűʼ⡣
С㰡㲻֪Ǹ˵˿С°ͣˣˡ
˹°ͣ
Ī뵽˵Լ°ͣԼյӡ
ʱͼԡ
Ĵ˵ֻĸ
أ
⼸˵ҲֵĺܡǼԸС뿤ң飬ʼҲǶ˴Сȥ˿̸⼸Ǳ뵽Ǳߣ쿴⣬ǵġżС㲻Ըȥ˻ߴȥء
Ҳ˵ʵҲ̫Ըȥģ
ţһɡչҲֻǶ˵һŮ˵ǵһŮǶүѾͷˮ飬Ư˵ģԾҪյߵѾͷ
˿½֦Ծİյ߶Ůº󣬶үҲ;˼˹Ů룬Сʱ򳤵ĺÿҲԽĺÿˡֻǣ泤ĺÿҲͰˡү氡ڶģǺǣƯҲֻһһ˶ˡ
ʵ⸮棬ĸ˼ңǮȨһģСǣĸǱüֵһĴء죬ʾһжǸԺ顣
ˮǺǣЩԺŮˣſĸܵ谮ģǣмǱ˵汦أҸżңҲֻ࿴ţһҵȨΡǺõģŻ˵ŮǶԼҲģֱӺԡȫ氡ϰټĶԴԼģҲ껵ĵ֮ˡϧֻ£ȫ ˼ңʮоǲġ
ŮңǽġǣĴۣǳԺ󣬻ᱻɸĹtjetԽòвŻĹҲԽмֵ֮һһģҲΪݵĲͬõĵز
ڶʮ죬Ľ޵»ûʱķЩˡ
ֹ̳һΣԼ֮󣬳ȻʼԶжһ㲻ò˵Ǻ顣
ԵʣʵҪӶŮ˵
˵һ󣬶൱Ժˣݺݳͷһ١
ڳͷ֮ʱүҲ֪飬ϽȰ衣룬ү˵һ仰󣬶үĵһȡ
С㲻֪ǿʱѪȻڼҹ˴֪ºĵȥڣʣ⸮ĵΪβǳġҪ֪ڿǺүŵġ
ʲôôֱӵȥʣĵ˿
ŰɲôֱӰҪ˭˼ҳˡֱʣһĨҲûСڵʱʵɫ˺üأ˵Ҳҽйȥǣһ仰Ͱ»ȥˡ
Ŷ֪˵˺λ񱻹Ȥ
Խ˵¡
˵ǲ֪ʱҪһЩĺá˼ҿֻ˵һ䡣ڰĸүĸү浱ĺԺﲻǺүүˣѲɣүͲһˣ˵ۺүǼģҪ˵Դ
ڵվˣ
ǰʵİʱڵķӦҲһģ𾪣ŭǸźԶܸܵݵʱڳݣڶ꣬û𾪼ߵġʱָſǻҲ˵ֱ棬һ뿪š
ȴǴվԭء
Ҳɵ˰ɣ˵ʱ㻹̫һЩǾүǸʲôˣﰡڣҪ̫ίȫĻšʱҲҲõ
һ߶¸ϽҲ£Ů
ģʹ˵СẩŮ
죬ǣǵĿ
Сظһͦһ˦ӡţллŬһ·ܶš



ڶʮ£µ

ټ񣬱ӱ֮СӵԽԽḻˡ
Ϊİ飬ǲ㲻
ǳǺ˼֮Ҳǳ˺üƿ죬˵ֱҪ¶˵ƼȨ
ƼѡǾǶԼȨ氡ʱҪˡֻԤ֮еǣ˾ȻƽҪܼҵȨ
ڷԸȻܵǶҪϽɵ֮ҵļӡ֮ġ
һ֮ƼȨ˵תתġ
ֻǺԺ϶Ǽ򵥵ת
ǻһЩ̣Լүĸصķڣ̺ţũׯȵ һϵе롣Щ꣬ĽݸȨƵȵȻǺܲġʱļҲǱ鲼ȫء
ɵĸŹԱĻع飬Ҳǹʱܻġԣļ֣Ҳֻ׵ʱǸʱв˲˳С
ҵǱ̬ȡ˵ֻǷڵ¡
һ˼ˡ
һŰա
լģҷǵöȨƣǺүһչҲǶһҵĶ ߳ȥôҲĽݼĴˡ˼һ˵һŵġǺǺǣҺͺүӣûа
ԭֻ̬һ˵֪Լһ̬Ǿͳ䶨ˡ
ڣҲų븮ԼƼҵҲͲൽͷˡô̵Ĳң෴ģʧȴȣȴǸࡣԣҲûжƼĸжִš
ʧ˾ʧˡ±ףԼǣʵǰʱҲڿһ븮ʱ򣬾ͰƼҵȨǵʱſ븮ĽݸչҲ̫һЩӣ;Ӻһ㡣
ֻǵһЦûнһǻһתҲ֪ҵĻķӦΪҰ˵ҲǹŹֵĺܣ˵⸮ԺŮĶΪǺүҲĿĵĺܡҲһ˵㡣Ҿãǲеˮ֮ĴڰȻôΨһƼҵˣüأ
Ըģ˼Լ⡣ƼҵȨϽˣǣΪʲôǾԼʹŲšһʱ䣬ǶҲӦ
ûѿɫһԺˮ˵Լġ
Ҫ˵ɣ棬ҪôǶˮáҪôΪģһֱڶǶ飬ǲ˵ĺӴ˵һ˼ңΪƼҵĶϱԼĻʵΪԼ԰˵˼ôģһû˺ðǺǣҲĳҲ֪ǲİ
ܡ
ڵվɫҰף峯Ҵææһ񣬡Щʣдˡ
ʼ磬˼˽ҵģ֪ǸֱƢǸкλ˵ʲôˡڿһ˵ЦﲻˡҲĪ밡ֻšҪ˵⸮棬Ǹʲôˣۻܲôļɲ׶ӡǺǣȻ׶ӣȻͻһͬʵİָֻгأʱ򰡣һЩƫһ㣬Ҳġ
ڶ˭ã
ǶүáүȢӣҲ⸮ڳһŮˡеһУȫүġһ㣬ҲǸ˶Ҳ׵¶
˶˵ʵ۰ӣհôɣöҲġΨЩģǶԺүƺ̫ĮһЩ
ʵ룬ǶԺүĮǶļҲǹߵĹߣݵݡƫĳϸ˼ȴ־ãĶôŰš
˵ЩƫִݳĺɣҲ֪үõȻôү̺ܽϸ
֮³ˣգүҲȷʵǷչļá
ľ͸״ԪſԼı£һ˾
һְҵƲ̫ǰ;Ҳһбµе룬ڲٵȨ֮ңԼıļҵҲǼΪġ
гϢүȢһ͵̡ȴһֱڵ͵¡һʵﰡƵġ
һ㣬еɻҲʱȫȻµʣҲ͸Ŷ
ԣԣüأô᲻ڵĶأҿ϶ǳ˻þˣȻỳֻүһӡһˣǾǳ̣Ҳ谮Ĵڡ˵̺үҲĴڡ
ǰЩǼġ˵ӵʱ򣬶ǰĺүҪȥġҪ˵ǼϺүƫˣôͻȻأ



ڶʮ£Һ⸮һ

һ뵽ʣﻹס
أȥһ¡
뵽תߡ
һɢĵطһ˵󣬱һ˼ĵط

ţռһ£ûйУǳ˺ү֮ЩбĹϵ
Եˡ
˵ڻйϵ
ŶԷҲ𾪵ӣЩԼǲˡ
Ͼ̫ɶˡ
ţҵĻɣиݵġĺүȥǰһֱಡ齵ġżʱҲ̫оˣôܻʱڣأ
£뻹˻ɵģҪӦҲ̫ѡ
İԣҲǾܡ
õȥһ˰æһ¿ڷ硣
ţˡ
˵껰Ҫȥȴǰ
һ飬Ͻȥ˳һ
˵ӰʧŰ˿֮Իط⸣ŵˣΪǷṩϢʱܷһЩ
һȻվڰӰ䡣
Ҳ̫ײϣܲкǾʡˡ
һ˼Ҳ͵ȻվǶ
ء
Сôһ·ڽˣɲаС˶
ֲˡСƼǻ˵лġ
кʱ˵ߡ⸮棬˵ģֻб飬û첻顣ԣҲֻԸٿ顣ҲƼˣЩҿ쵶ն飬ͰһֱΪյˡֻĸװƼҵȨˡʱǸϻҾܽŸͷдˡʱҾͿһѽ
Ҫ˼һϲ͵͵Ŀһ̼ƺ˻ȥ
ʱﻹվšŲһӰ棬Ҳҳ
ǵĺġ
ƽʱҲͰˣڻƯСôҲǶŮȴ档
ʱҲò̾ҿԼʱ磬Ȼʱֻ¾Ϊﱻ˼Ϲˡ
һֵϷһ˾뿪ھڵһƬ԰ʱ
ʱӡ
֣ôŵһأǲҵˣ
Ȼ˵Ĳ⡣Ǻںģ˵
ˣȥ⸽Ա
İԾģˣֱ˵ɽſ뿪
Ժ󻹵עһ޹㣬óš
벻
뵽һܺת޹ȫȥӵ
أЩһӵҪˡȻ¡
õ
Ȼ֪ΪҪ㣬Ϊ˰ȫػǺܽЩúԳ˸ӵ˺ԺĵطԷ
ֻǣûע⵽ǣӵ󣬾һԳ¾ɵĸǰ淭
ҵӵһʱǸЦЦˡ
һΣúǳԱˡһؿԻٵĳʳ
ֻǸ⸮ɨĸˣЩҲǸġΪ֪һ˼ңżҵһЩľ·пĲпԻǮĶ֮ġЩֻҪҵˣԸĺöԵء
ǺǣǺ¶
˺ôɨصĸҲϲĺܡ
ֻǳŵʱȴһཱུĸ˸
վסҳӣǵǸɶߣҲ֪ǲֽŲɾġ
ɨظŵУǣģֻ⸮ɨصˣƽʱŸӵһЩõĶŻȥġ㣬ǲҪԩҰ
ʵҲԺʲôģֻӣ֪ǵ˺Զһ
ӰóһʱЦˡ
߰ɣԺסˣֽŲɾĶɾ͵þˡ
ɨظ˿˵ӣ뿪
˺óӣţôһöǿֶŮһòˡ
ֶŮҲ⸮棬ֻǵΪֹѾͷҲûϡĳȥ¸
صԼӺ˶Щġ
ʵӱս⸮֪Щ᲻һˡ
⸮ٻ󣬻һɵĶǰܲ˵ġϾֻһ²ŮŮܵõʲôôءڣ˽˵ưԼ·ߣŵ⸮档



ڶʮ£

ǶүŮȴϣֻŮݣ͵ڶ˵¡
ֻ뵽ľͼƽ⡣
ֻͶ̥һŮŮ˶棬ǣʵݣҲĽݸһλС㰡
ļԺСǣԼһŮݣȴҪԶһݣڼһ
ã˸뵽ַЩ⡣
иŮĸΣǸŮĸ׳Ư
ƯһƯŮ
ŻƻԼһżΪƯģˮ۾Ůˡ
ź촽йǵ۾ǿҲ޷Լȡһ룬ֵˡ
ԼĿɽһΣֻƾԼһЩգͰѿԵʲôʹ˳
Ҫ⸮۸ҵˣͳͳԿȥ㣬ˣҪۡ
뵽Լ֮Իί⸮棬ֻһŮš
뵽ԼǸݵ΢ĸŮĸס֮ԲҰԼͽԵķ͡
ʵΪ˵ļʲŲİ취
Īľйŭ
ڶү
Ǹֻ֣ܲȴԵġʱ򣬿ԼĽű˼Ƕ˵Ե뷨⣬ֻ£ǸҲԼ뷨
Һ⸮һУĽݸʵͲӦôڡҪģǶˣһҪٵĽݸʱһHĴڡ˽Ǹ۵ģǣأҲһģǸ۵Ĺ
СķļЦסŮǲԽü
뿤ϵкƺԸҲı䡣
ԽԡǣҲԽģ˾ÿ¡
Сɣôˣ
Цˣ
С㣬ԴӿǶ󣬾һֱûгţҲ̫θڡ
Ŷȥ˿Ǳ߶ȥʲô
飬ȻûԼ˵
С㣬˰g֮ıȥ˿һٻ˱ʧˡ
Ŷȥȥ
ֻһλС㻹ǰһֻǶԷذ
ԱתĽ˵ȥ
ڵʱж˵ļӿš
һĽӭǰ
Ľ֣ʾһȥ
һۣСյ÷˺񰮣ĸŮһ𣬻ҪһЩͷСȥգš
ţλˡ
ڷ棬ĽһֱĶ
С㣬ͶȰȰ˰ɣ̫ȶ
֪ˡ
ĽӦ
һݡûƿţԺﴫѸ׿
ţ㺦ҵĺӣ㣬ôнһ³㣬㣬Ҵ㣬㡣
ͣͣǰûеƿԺŽȥ
ƽһЩˣĽĸףĸף˵Ҳԣ㡣
ĶˣĽĺ󣬱ϽǸ ԼĴȥ
ⴲһض౦ġ
һ˵һĸͷ౦
ݺ΢΢񣬡ĸס
ţء
ĸף˵ûĳţ˴ЩʳһҲء
ˡ
ĸŮһʳǰᣬޱȵյŸӵҲǰһôᣬôò
ֻе£ĽݺԺС
Ҳ̫࣬ԵõӵıӦˡ
һ룬ǰʧȴЩŮǣҲ޾Ĳѻڡ
ĹĿɺãʱ䣬ʹȥ棬߶һЩʵ˼ңҲΪһķ
ҪԼҷѡˣĽЩԾҪƳɵ£һֱȷʵǰɺһ֪ҲΪԼòˣԼԺ󣬴۶
ȻɻôͻȻϻһɻϲӡ
лĸףҾ˵ˣֻĸõء
ţ⺢ӰĸҲûˣǻԵɺ㣬ǽĸŮݰǺǣٳһģҼǵãСʱɰһˡʱСоǻմһķ壬һ˫۾͸СģǺǡǿɰĺġ
һᵽԼСʱӣĽҲЩɬҲʱ֣ⷢԭŮ˶ԼСʱһЩ飬Ȼܼǵ
֡ĸ׵ĸоˡ
ǣ߳ԺԺеĸжҲͱ˱ӡ
ҾȻΪ⼸λжͷ˰ɡߣŮˣǷŰҲ֪ÿ֪ͷ౦ж󣬿ôģ
뵽Ľ룬˵Ժ˵أ
˵ˣֻ¶˺ܿͻԼ֡
ԣ£Ҳֻһˡ



ڶʮ£

ԽʹʧԼʧ˵İӣҲԽں
Ϊڿʲʱ˾©󣬺ܲİѺҸˣһμ
Ժˣһ⧲ټʱ־ָ֣ŭԡ
ǣλѹֻ˵ĵƾһӶӵҲ԰Ⱥۡ
ΪĸŮ˻һı
ŭΪĽݸһˣŮ˲ɷ˵ֱͰвʲôˣȫ˳Ǿģ롣
ںԺҲûļ·˳
мλүӣǱ
Ϊ⼸λү½ңϣ·ϣвٺɫĿ֬Կ⼸λǰڷЩʲôΣҲ˳ǻûļйȥĻҲԽʢ
˵Ǻ˼úõںԺţ˵;ǵɶˣүͷˡ
ȻλñλͣǺôҲ⸮үûƽλƾʲôһı˾˳
үҲȫֻһ£棬ӡĿں졣
ڷ£ƫƫ˾عĽݸ˵ǰ
ƽʱˣҲǾ̫ûӡ
԰˵С㰡Ҳ̫أǸ缸ô˵Ҳ⸮үǡϴҲöǿġɵã뾾Ǿ;ǲɷ˵ģֱӾͰ˳˷ôģǺǡ
ǸƢǵ͵ǵϴôģǲܣܹǣǾĲˡ
ҿѹûǵĽݸˡ
ү߳ǿҲи˵Ҫû¶һڵʺǰ˼Ҫô顣
һֱĸɫĿ̧֣߳˰һѵʲǰ
¹ ү˵棬㲻ش飿
ڽŵүһ⻹˵ð
ү˸˵⻰˵ҿɲ̫ѽʲô´˵棿
û˵ҿɸ㣬Щ˵Ще飬㻹治̫ˡ
ɻĸأ⻰˵ģоǶүвſһ
ֻǣвءЦĶүж˵ˡ
ȻͲܴ󣬵Щ鵱һġЩʲᣬЩ˵֧˲ˣһʲᣬѹͶԲϰǺǣҲ֪鷢Ƽ˶˵ϣкλ˵
˵ȫе˵ϡһ֣ţͻȻ嵽ǰ 
ڣҪҰЩʣȫҰָʾģڿˣңҲ֪ô¶˰
ˡ
ݺһ豭ˤȥ
Լ˻¶ڻͷˡˣѺȥúöص󡣲ԣ¹ҵף£Ҫ󡣡
ȴЦӯӯģڰ¶ǲԹˡأң⼸ָһˣٴڸڵ棬ô˾ͺˡ
ڸڵ۾
ֻڸڵ棬ȴһɶôġЩ飬Ųáһ룬ﻹ˼¾Ͱ֡
ˣǹɣҲȥˡѽ˵һҵҪһƣĽݸЩ꣬ôŪġ
תͿϾͻˡ
Լ飬ڣǸһңͰ϶ҵʲιȥǶԼΪġ棬һֱΪġأ
ݺݱۣȥźϱ
һֱԴӻͿϵĻңз꣬пʱһƺҪʲôشҲ £ûصˡ
ҸǵЩҲҪ³Ǹڶɣ޸ϴֻͼģЩĽݼҵЩܰǽȥЩδķĺö
ţӦ¡
ǣĸ㣬Ǻã
ǺǣǺãֻҪúһģδһġһȺˣҪҰŪװջأң٨ˡ



ڶʮ£ı

̿ᶨڣҲǰסĸҷģ£Ƕıõġ
ǸһֱڳУ죬ҲҪֿˡӽҪǸⷿܺáȻǿɾǰϹˡ
ͼĽݸʲôʵ˭
ֻԸ͸¶ӦתƵĶҲתˡǶģһѵķѡǺǣǸŮˣҰǲС
뵽ͿЦˡ
ˣҰ·ˡҪȥϴ󡣡
Ŷȥ棡
һ۾΢
λ˼ңڿҪء
ҲǣԴԺ󣬷ͷҲ̫һЩһΣȥĽɽʱǴǲ
ĸף˼ð
ߣϻӹأкö飬һڻӹšֻҲԸӰˡ
΢һ
ת˰ڵ·úλ˵ŹȣΡΡȥ
һĽɽ˵Լİ취ʱ
ȴɫѿ
үүˣӪ⣬һλϰǰڿ˵ǣҲ˰
ᵽǶʲôӣߣĸ֪δĲҰš
治ð󣬺̫ˡڿ˵ҿ
һ£ĽɽɫҲҲסˡ
˵ǿϱ
棬ҲֻȢǿϱ
Ҳֻ̫ţŻڿ˵ϱôġ
˵飬ҲǣȥҲˡǸˣˣҵԾʾˡ̫һʣΪ¶
ҲƺáϾû̫ʱ򣬻һ㴦˺áǽˣ˭֪ôء
չҲǱӪĵطء
Ľɽɫ࣬ţ̫ˣ⿤ڸ棬ôģܰӸе˵ķħ
˼ҵĺԺһ̫ƽʢӰΨôͲͣء
뵽ЩĽɽ̾ǵȢϱаԹϵֱɶҲûˡ
Խ룬ĽɽԽ
ʱͿϴʱһͨ˴磬ȥʢױʱȻ໹Ӻݻ󡣿ǣǲϵΣԶ׼
˼žӪض㺿޳
ͿϣĽݸҲʮأ߶ŮˡҵһֱͿϵĴ£ҲŶʢոߣԭӦڸŵġڣﲻʡģǵȢλߵѹ
λŶϱҪ¹ҪҲͰˡ
ôһЩƼҹҲϸϸǵöҸʴңôడ

û³̵Ƕ߿࣬ǣ΢ȥ˵ˣҲܸܵеĲ֮⡣
ͬĽɽһļͬţ֪Ȣ˿Ϊޡǳˣʱٱ̫˵ŷˣȻнˡ
£ҿ㻹ǵðһĸôˣչ鲻ʺ̫ڰǴʱȥˣö꣬һǵĴҵɲͼ
˵Ȱ˵
Ľɽڿӵʱ򣬾ɫ࣬ƫƫַáʱҪ߶ȥϽǰ
ĸףĸװ뺢һؼңԻᰲ㡣
̫һڰӺˡϴչһȺгϢһ
ֻǣҲʮҲԽģӵĺˡ
ټĺүҪԶϣҪģȴǰҡ뵽Ϳ۵ؿ޳
ʰˣҲ¼׳м̡
ɥһĽĽɽһκǰźһο֮󣬲˲֪ٵĳŵŰ˸ؼȥȻֻǺӪ֮أǽ飬ò˿ȥȥ
һĽݸϡ飬ҲԽΪ￪
˵Ҳ֣ϷһڣйڳеϸСģǴһЩĻ˵飬ȫ
ڳһЩ£Ҳߴķз
ˣһһôܳްĸףǺãĽķ۾ˡ
ǿҡͷ
Ź֣ĽЩ飬ĸף㲻ô
˵ԽĸӣʵңļҹǣԵ飬磬㣬㣬ǣһЩġ



ڶʮһ£Ľĺ

ûСڶʳĽˡ
ǣɣȴö˺ļȫ һλС㣬Ǳˡ
̾һԭǸϻ۵˶ҿ˻飬Ҳֻȥ͸ԭͰʾ㣬ǳǸ̫ɶ׵ˣҪߵ̫ɵãڵ飬ֵҲ۽ȥҳŰɣ£ǲôѽ
һȥԺĽ⾩ҸżңѵĺܡҵģֻҲЩôп˼ҡ
Ҫ֪ҲֻԼŮĽݸǧСҪôţǧˡ
ĸףҪҰŮء
Ľֻǣ˰ڰ֡£󲻵㡣
Į뿪Ľ³ɺޡ
Ǻǣڸ˵޷Ů㻹ĮԴô
˸Ŷ˵ıӰȻ㲻ҺùҲû˺ôҾĽݸΪɡ
һǰʱͿʼڣǵĹѪһ̣ڵԽҡ
Ľݸһڣڻȥ˺Ժ
˵ǴӴԺ󣬲ٹʸĴС顣
ҲԽĶ
Ľɽѿǣǰĳġǣҹ̫ȥĸ߰ɣȻĺ䡣
Ͱİбƹʱսֵһţﻹ̵
Ȼҳŵ㣬㰲δҲ˵⸮һжġǣʱҲ룬ҪϹȥ̫ڣȻĴ㲻˼ڹͰˣڻ㶥㣬Һġ
̬ˣЦ
ĽɽΪҵıȨ󣬾һͷɸ㣬ҳֻվŵģ˵ͷ­ͷβҶˡ
ǽŵģǸ׵顣
ȻôԼİȫءȲѵĻţҲҪ̧ͷ­⣬ıǸ糯糯Ůӡ
ҹĽɽ÷ĵط
˵ǰһ˵ʱΪһΪǶΪ˸ˣҪⲻǴҵ𣿡
÷ĵطĽɽƿڴ
ߣֻƣˡ
үĪҪ
ĸˣĽɽ̾ӵڻ
÷һǾõء
רע÷۾ϣϡ
ط˺ưôʵҲδͨǵŵӰʵֻҪʱ䣬̽ġ
ֻǣǸŮˣǲʱѡ
÷ϲ񣬾ĽɽԼ塣ڣϲΪ֪ˣ͸˼мŮˡ
֪鲻Լϣأȴһֱء
ԺŮˣǰصġ
үֻ̫ˡ
ԣ̫ˣҲֻеһܳǸŮˣҲôһֱȥġ
ǰЦŮˣĽɽͻȻãʵʲôŮˣֻҪƿصĺˣʲôԵİλ
о㹻ˡ
ĵλˣǴһŮȥ˼һ
ǵλȨƲôȢҲ˵һͨĳ˶ѡ
뵽Ľ޵³׵ˡ
§ˣ÷尡ڲˣʵݵλ治̫ҪŽģôȢȢͣȢ˸ӵĸˣլᷭİ
⻰÷ľ
ǸѾͷ˵ĻӦˡ
ԼǶԵġ
ŶðֻԺһ˷ĸ̾ٽڵĶˣԺ˻ô
ľԼƼҵһˡϾĽɽҲСˡ
ȥҲķѲ
뵽÷ۡ
ԺһҪúĻ
һУָʾǰС
ֻǣʱȴڹ滮ţҪô뾩ǣԶһ·֮ء
īգаĵ棬Ҳ޼ļƯˡ
ʱ䣬ϼ죬һʦҲӦôԶЧ
ʱ⼸ԽɫĻȥҲ֪˼һ᲻ԼйǸСѾͷҲ֪һ᲻ȥ
뵽Щüչ
СѾͷҲԽ˳ǰҰ࣬Ǵྶֻ֪ͥڵ壬ǲȫӦ硣



ڶʮ£Ҫг

뵽Сѩֻ
СĽ޵¶ܺãкöʱŹĳʳԼһЩҩǡ
˰ɣС˵ϲǾͰӡ
ңһʦǸųǸصˣҲĪĺøС
йһǸĪˣʵ˽⣬ȴҲֻƾоƺǰʶ
̫ĸ飬ʡֻҪƽžͺˡ
үˣ̧ˡ

񾪵ĶĹ߾˳ȥ
үˣ
ǵģү̧ˡ
˼أȥŴ£ȥʱˮһЩ
ǣ
ʱҡ
С̧ôˣ̧أǺõİɡ
ôһ룬ܿ˼֡
ԺӺ󣬲ǿţٶȼǰȥ
棬Ľ޵бڴ齡Ų۾Ц֡
ڿЦݵ˲䣬ĸ߸ߵģ˲
ˡ

ȴǺǵЦ
ţ޵²á
⵽Ҳǡˣô̧ģСأһȥ˺δôģ
Ľ޵֣ԴǸˣǴ뺣ˣҿһȦһȦĺɫҺ塣һΣĽǵĶˡ
ģ
˷׿壡
һ˲䣬εĸоԭСųȥôãһֱΪ˽Ǹз׿ˡ
ţ룬Ӧ徲ˡǸҵĶΣǽˡ
ԣˣǱ˵ô
һƿӣſȣᶼˡ
Ī£ֻˡ
ǣš
Է׿Ըײеˣ׷Ź
ҲǣͲṦΪʲôҪΧأͺһ߶Ϣô
߶߶ţĽ޵ֻǳЦ
ţٶ˵䣬ϲ˵ĺ
ôﻹ˵ȥ
ˣҲ˵ˡһŴˣһơ
ϹڵҽҲԽĺ
Դλ̫ѧҽΪ㣬ѧټƷԻаãƺ̫θڣϹЩҲһֱͽܿġ
ţˤĹˣֻҪһʱҲͿˡǹڵĺǰʱ䶼ҪһЩˣôƺԽĲأ
Щ⣬ǰûи˵
û˵ϹŰ׷ζ
ʱ˵
ϹţƺԽĲء
ϹſɲԾ
һЩΡ
ɶǰֻǲȷΪҲкЩˣȷˣⲻЦôԵʱֻԼǴˡǽһϣڵĺͶһЩ룬ǰʱзʳʲôһĶӴʲôһĴڣ
Ӵ
ͬʱ뵽һ㣬ǾǽӴ˴˰
˵ǰӴҲֻżһ档
ǰʱ䣬ͬ˯һˡ
Ľ޵¿һ񣬼ߵ߳һ鲼ˡ
Щ㻹СϹۡ
Ŵ򰡣һءǣɶһ෴ʧһ𣬳õĳסһżһЩ鱬˵᲻ҵ壬Щأ
ϹŵڲԶͷϣǺһЦ
ţ˵׵ʱ򣬻ҪװȻ˵ô̫ء
ŴҪ˵˵Сȥ̫ҽ˵һ
񵭵һвϹŵ۶
˵ǣСġΨСŮҲ
ҵĺô򰡣㵽˵˵ɡ
Ľ޵±ҾϵĹЦ
ٺ٣˵г彡ġԣ壬СӰٰһʣǲǼгġ

˶⡣
ǣĽ޵µؿ
ˣмǵһ˵˵ŮгʵǿԵġҺһ֮壬һ֮塣ֻǣǱ˴˵˸תܵǾ˵κˡ
һǺ֮壬Ūʡ
һ֮壬ֱǿеͳ
У˵Ȼ¶
ҿĿǰǶӴźáҳŰɣôǴ̼ƺܰǱ˴ڵĶһЩʱһЩأҲǿеġţȥһ
Ŵ뿪ˣĽ޵¾˷ܿ
Ҳˣ삅֮ϰٺ٣𣬿û¶ͶཻһҪһ𰡡
һɰߵġǿ̧һۣ̫˰ɡ



ڶʮ£ҪŬ

ٺ٣ᣬǰҲٵҰʷ֮鼮֪һЩ͵ķӡҺˣǾͰԡ
Խ˵Խûף뿪
߳ȥԺһɺðҲ˵
ģô
뺣棬ˣѪ䧵һȦһȦġ ˣܴˡ
ʱںڹȴһƿɵˣĮһߡ
ߣһλƯŮСĿ
£һЩԵ顣
ҡͷܡ
ˣˣܣҾãõġ
ŮЦţһ˫۾Ͷϡ
£Ī£ֻҪǻعˣͿҵõĴ򣬵ʱΪΣҲܰʧκõġ
š
˰ӣߵĹﲻǡһߵļСŮǲ
ҲǣΪʲôҪһŹֵ˰ȻǲģҪԸҲ̫ŹһЩǶԹ̬žͲ
ɲôôˣôĺÿҲﰡǣĵ̫ˣǻһˣĻչ
ˣǷ̹ô֪꣬ӵƢôһĵƵĴˡһδӺ̲߼һˣܹô
һ޵ĸ˶Źӳһ˵⼸Ѿͷһῴ߲ԶĹǸΪˡ
Ͷע˵ʱҲò̾
ʱ˾׽Ūˡ
깫ϲһ˵ò˺οưֻһůģһ̫ĮˡˣѹֻùһͻϲѡʵǾģˣʵһ˰ա

ӱζԽŨҿ˹Ƹӡ
žӨ͸棬ЩŴӣ֮ģһǣСһһӡ
ɫ͸ճҺ壬ǺĿɰӣһΣ˿ζ
Ŷ˽ȥĽ޵µ۾ˡ
Ҽң֪岻ãԸֲѽ
ɣҪ»ˡ
Ŷ˵ļǣĻ𰡣еʢҲпԭ
ζֻûԾԾԡ
СһŶ󰡣ҪһЩһζ
һ滹æԵļѾͷ꣬ҿɸ㰡ڵͣʺ̫⣬ȥҿбҪַ˯ˡ
Ҫֵַ˯ˡ
Ľ޵ԣɫˣֻһЩţ˯һ𣬿ȥ᲻ЧһЩ
Ƕóҩˡõ鰡
滰ҲÿСڵͲȫԳ
һһ㰡ǻĺܣôôĶأӣ϶кġ
۵ֳ̫ˣ˵˼Ҷ˵ôкء԰ƶš
Ľ޵ºٺֱ
ӣǰô
һġ
˵ھ͵ĳ
ţǵԴҲ󣿡
ǾǱҪȡˡ
Ľ޵۾΢ս֣ʵǿ֪ǰҪҲҪȡùʱѰ˼һҪȡԺˣҲа취ΪȢޡ
㻹ô죿
νʡ
ʱ֪ˣɣҪ׼ԣٺúҼദˡ
šڸ棬Ҳеҡ
ôģĽ޵²̫ʡֻҪԼͺˡ
棬ҲȷʵԽ
һ׼𴲣ǰһֻŵ֣ʵЩΡ
ԴӹŴг˾ӵ˯ǰһһӵ˯أΪг˶˯һˡ
һ˯Ůһ𣬵ȻͻеԵᷢ
Ǵഺ׶ε꣬ǶŮŷĺС
Ľ޵ֻһŮˣǰҲԺãԶĸְãճʱҲΡ
˯һɡ
Ľ޵¹ŷԸ뿪
һΰѹµСء
֣Ҫˡ춼ء
ţ˻ñȥѽ
˼ҵķϰߣϱǾ͵ȥš
ɵãΪࡣ



ڶʮ£ײ

ĻҲôȥ̵ġ̫ˣ˯
˵䣬˵ԴϾЩط䡣
ȻûǶ̽ǣԴôţҲǹܵġ
ˣ²ˣС㡭¶ˡ
˻أ⣬ص
Ľ޵²ü
ĸ
ϽͣǶԺǸ
˵ǶǸŮôǣ¶ɶ¶ˣ
СͿһѹˣˣǹ֮¶̵̣̣̣̣ײѽ
ҲС
顣
һ£ﻹ˯šĽ޵
ϸѿˣϸѯ
˵⼸λ̣ôҪȥҿģƫƫôɺϵģײ˿˹˯һġ
ôɺϵġ
鷢ֻ˵£϶ȫ˷Ȼͬٸȥ׽¡
ôҲ̫ġֻ֪λ̣ţҪȥðڸų˵ںԺ΢ʾͰˡǸ壬Ҳе㱧ȥǰ

ǺǺǣе˼
̫̫ЩżҲһ纮
ԵĴСһҲޡ
Ҳе㻳ɣ̫̫Ҳ̫ᱣһ㡣
˼ôôҲеĴСëɵãɶ¶Ҳû
ʾ˺Ժʮ죬ͲĲҪ׼¶ˣ
ңλ̫̫ôĵƣТĿɼεʱ
ҪģȥҿǺǣҲ֪һ¼м˲밡Ŀǰ˲μӽȥġ
˶һμӽȥģֻһ㣬˵вĽݸ˶ܵвС
ʲôûУ
㲻ңҲ֪һԺĿж١ԺǰЩʱ򣬾ͱֻвʮӵ¿֧ѽ

һ£Ĳ˼ˡ̫⣬ԴӰѸ֧ؼȥͳ׵ĲԺĴС顣
Ϊ˵ǺүְγǮﲻˣʹһСְⷿγ
ȣС֧ⷿĲжٰ
ж٣غߺţָͷʼ
ţҲû̫ɣʱﻨڻԵķĿ֧ӦнйӵĿ֧ΪҪһЩҩҪһЩԵģԼżҪ￪ģͻһЩǮնү֧ģвҡǸˣл﷿ԼԺĸӦ֧ģͳţҲ߰ӣҲǰµʱ䣬̫İɣ
ɴ۾Ѿͷҡͷ벻Ҳһɽյ˰бҪƷһЩҵĻˡȻʱҾĳ˳зˡñӣܿϡ
δĺ֪һףඪ˰˵ˣСŵʦǣ⸣ŵĴʼš
ţǸѸԺĿôô
ʮӡ
ȻֻһС檣Ǻô˵ҲһԺ˰
Ľ޵»ĽɽвĶӣһԺҲʮӣҲ֪ԵԺ䣬мأ
Ǻõģ˵ЩСǣֵֵģҲǶ֮ġļֵֵ̣һҲֻа˵ʮӡôһǮҪƽʱԺĳסСǵȷãѾͷǵ֬ǮǺǣԺķ⼸Ӵˡ
ǲ̫һ㣿ûһô
Ҫ˵⳯ƾ³еˡ
£ôû˼ʱء
Ŷ˵ˣǰʧǮأֻԺĿ֧ԷʲôģһȥˡҲȥƹˣĲˣͶһ㡣ЩˣҲǸԱԵġԵľǴѾͷ֮ģƽʱҲῴġ
ŶҲ˵ʵҲǿ˴ҵĻʳ⣬ṩʳʵɣ˼ҿҲ˵ȥġһһҿĺǸֲϧûǰѳĳ¶ײˡһΣǳ˳Ԥϰ
ֻǷȴûҪȥֵ˼Щǲȥôôֵ£Ҿãȥ
һ̧ͣͷӽءأ飬־ͺãĪȥһ֡



ڶʮ£ʢ

ΪʲôڸԺǶ֣ΪʲôһԺ˾Ͳȥأز⡣
ȴǵ롣
Щ飬룬ȥȻ¶Ҫ˵ָףԺͻγϰߣҲӡСѾͷɲҪ
زף󣬺һۡ
ȴǿĿĺܣǲȥΧۣºһЩôǸСǡǺСǴ˵µıֺáʱǽʵġɣҾҪĻȥͲȥ£һˣҧʱҲǸ鷳顣ҿ鷳ˡ
һ仰ȴ̼˲ˡ
ԣҧȥױ˴סҧġһңǺǣԽԽð⸮ĸԺˣʱڸûûˡǣֻһԺģ΢ᣬ͸һ߶һСӣҲ㹻ˡ
ǵֻһȥɶ˼º˵ãȻǿҪȥҲǲɵġֻһԺڸҲ̫áԣȥվͲȥɡ
ˣҲνġ
ȫ䲻żз纮ůһôˣֵλɵǰ
ĳɫǰ⼸ǡ
һģΪС飬ǰﴧʲôģΪͲˡһȺûµģһҷҪڳģбҪһˡ
һ룬˼֣һȺˣ浱ǰϹİɡ￤ѵǳصġ
˵˵ҲǵȻĺܣ˶࣬һ
ˣѺһֱô˵ȴȷˡ
˵ů壿ΪͲΪŪůǵůǿô˵ҲǵĴɩǡүĺүˡ˵һһУɶ¹Ǻүӵһûû˵ˮС˼һô룿ǺǡһײˣҵĺôɩײѲɣ㻹ܰȫ첻ɣ˵ˣү֪ں򸮺ԺΪҲ֪θأ
۵һֱô̡֨ǰ˵⸮һλ̣ҲǸˡ
ֻǴ޸ĽɽҲƼкγľֹأҲͺԲĴڡǽ쿴ֻǱһȺŽ˷Ъһλѽʵڵ
ۣȻ⸮棬һλġǽԶᷢ⡣ǲݣôΣ棬һĵݡһ磬λˡ
Цţţ˵ǡ̫ûע⵽Щϸڡ飬ҵĲǣԺһעġλɢ˰ɣҲˣͲִиλˡ
һ㶡
£ʹ˽ҹˡ
̵Ǹɴĺܣ΢˸񡣡ҵ뿪
ȥʱһ̡һλе˼ſĳ¶ ˣ˶ǡôĽȴһͷĹģȻЩڸǰѧİԽе˼ˡıƢ⸮ĸ˽Ҳ֪ôġ
̵뿪Ҳڳ˸ŷӦ׼ҪԿĹô
ǸϽظԺɡǰ׼һЩԵ뷨ƣ˵رضòϵġ
˼ҿ˵ˣֻⶨůӡ¶ǳ£෴ģΪá
˵㣬ǿһֶŮһֶѡԺеλһЩ£Ҳ˵¡ûеλͨǾǰٿĪ硣
˰߬߬ȭͷҲǰҪǡǣȴʱ΢΢һЦ
ͻȻãöһչ˵ĺáˣ̺
Ĵ󺧣⳯ʱĻʢҲûиоġǣʹǿ뿪ҲǾܾáվǰļǿ׳ӣҲֻӲͷƤǰչ˽
ĽȻ£ֻһڣҲǳ׵ûʱ˽³ɺޣһԵر
һ˵ӣˣǣȴų
Сóʹĺܡ£ȥ
ˣȥıݣҪһĸ顣
Ͳȥ˰ɣ
أĸף⺢ӵģ԰Ϳ๦ߵ㣬ôҲʢȥ档߰ա



ڶʮ£ƹ

ͶȥʢȾƵ飬һʹһ
ǳ׵군ѽһγֻ֣£Ҳܷˡ
ܰɣôҲĽݸĶˣ˵ŪŪأ
ɵ£㰡̫ˡǸʲôˣʱ򻹻ʢҲɵŰɡʵҲ֪鲻סܾѽ˼ǿλĸߣѹǿһִУܷ˵ġԶֻҡ
ţˣңԿֻ£ö˵ϲڵȥɷˣе治ưԭΪֻǸһȺȥ򷬣˴ڣҲ̫顣ûԭǸɵˡƽʱǰ˵Ķ˵ĻҲûٵģٴסĻᣬײȥˡ
̾ûокοģҲûокαġֻ˴˹۱ˣһѵĵǰ
üǳΪȥֻ£Ժһ̷ǣñøŸ˰Ƕˣ󣬿»еķˡҲ㡭ǸϽ뷨ӣǰȥɡչ飬µһӵŮ˰
λչǵࡣһҲǺεġ
ǣȴǰ֣ǲ̫ˡ
˵أƹǰ
ѩѽ΢΢һЦѯǰ㱨ˣƹǲǻſڣ
ǵģſڵġ
ţһȺˣԷˣȥӭӻƹ
۾һ֣Ӧˣǰһĵ͵ȥֻ˼ҶҪ۸ͷء
˵꣬Сȥҵȥƹ͸¶һ֡
ܳȥˣ²Сֹ˵СѾͷƬҲǣ֪ƹһǷµġƫƫ֪ΪҪ֪ͨһ»ƹͨǸӡ
ǣҲǣǽãȴǵÿߵߵȥǣҲǸƵģȴҲǸġ
µһС°ͣ˭û¶ҸһɪӣߣҾϲܲźء
СѾͷǣʱˣҲһԺýˡ
˵ദʵҲмơ
¾ǸӵˣЩںүߣҲǱĬŸı˺үһЩпġһ㣬ֻ¿үˣ̫ס
ֻµδҪôأ
Ľɽһˣʱ򻹿·ˣЩǡΪͷӵȨƣ󲻵ò
Ҫ֪Ϊǵ棬δҲǸõˡ
ˣҳȥӭһӭ
ŻصԺˣ׼ȲأȴѾͷڽų
˵ҶҵӣỊ̄˲ɣ
ЩѾͷǣԽĳסˡɼЩˣһԽϽء
Ҷ¿ͷˣ˰˵Ĵ顣ǸԷˣȻĻƹͶˡ
Ȼˣ⻰ҲǴ˰죬Ųյ˺ð죬ȷأ˵ĸ£Ǹٰ
԰԰ȻԷһλͶ˵öҫأ
ٰǹĸµġЩһǲȵġҪ֪ǵͽܣвˡǹ棬ϴһĴڡ
ȣʲôõնҲٲ˵ġ
Щͽܹǵ˺õĶùԹϹԺŵ˵ܵźٰ⼸λ¹ǵ˼ңǶǹнΪصﰡ
˵һЩǿҲлٰͷݶƽʱܵ۶ģҲֻһ̫ͨѡ
Ѳյǳ棬̾һѯӡ
ְ˵Ѿͷôôõأ⸮ɱ䡣˶ڹԲʱˣһγȥǽĲɨأٲ÷ң쿴ƵȻǣһ첻гĴˣֻ¾֮ʱ
ˣĪ̫ࡣǳô죬Ҳûõ¡ֻýһЩԺܹȫʱݸˣΪģʱǾüˡ
ǺǣҵݸҲ֪ʱܻˣǰȥˣӺϢ
ûء
ˣܻϢģҲȥȥ



ڶʮ£ҥ

ٰϢҲ˿һߡ
Żĳһ˵ٰİҲû
ܺãõĺܰ벻ҷѾѪҲ벻ƹһȴûƹԵӣӰ
Ǹ̫ôٲãҪʱҲͰˡҪʰһеǷӡܽصĻܺõİο˳
СӣԽгϢأ㱾Ⱦơ
ܽ⻰ߵźˣǰллˣǸŮôˣ
ˣЦ
ʱ˺ȾءƽʱͦһŮˣ氡ҲǷ˵ĺӴ
ʱ§Ǹˣһ߶Цһ߶ơ
С簡֪ʲôˣǣҲһʲô³ֻǣôأ˺޲ﻹûһӰŮһŮǺҵŮˡǺǣһ죬ȫǱӦ
ῡܵСˣˡ
ԸİҪȥôأһֱǲѡ磬úһ
˵ЦţͻȻ
СԸʲôǲҪǮһУҸģߣߡ
˵ţͷϵӣϵģϵĸȫ
ߣߡ
С磬ȥˡãùҡ
С翴ԵӣҲҡͷòƻɡ
ˣҲĪ̫ˣǻڵģֻǣӴԺܡ
ôСû˵ǣʱײ
СүҾҪһ䣬ôˣӴιⲻĽݸĶôп㣬ԵģǵĽݸ桭
ʣǰһˣǺǵֱ֪壬§ǸͼƯСĻ桭
죬ĽݸĶС§һŵϢֶߡ
һϢָ˶һЦ̸Ľݸһ׮Ŷѡ
ʱ䣬Ľݸһ飬Ҳ˵ЦһһУҡͷ̾
ټһү겻Ѱ
ǺǣǶʲôǸүһ̯ˡȻôô׵鷢ء
Ӵôװ˵
ôףǸүķԭǺεô˵úõһԷ򸾣кܺãô˵͵˾͵ˡҰ͵һ˵ŵˣ㣬ôƫƫһλǰү˻Ŀӡ˵ʱ򣬿۾ɵĴѽУǸ˵ʱȫĲ״ԵľŰôҪô֪ģ飬ҵרŴġǳһеķһЩϸڵġ
Ǻү棬ǰһֱǺү˵ң֮˵ôү˲ǺүһˣܣɣŹֵĽݸĶࡣ
һ׮˿Ц飬ǰүµĺǵճĺӰɣҪΪʲôΪֹȴܼ̳күһУҪ˵˼ûôа˼ҵǴаΪʲôֻĵλ˵ˣүһ߰¡
ѶЩ꣬ҲԽֳǰ֮ˡ
ǰĻĪҪ˵˵
Һ˵˵Ҳ룬ĸ棬ĺɵģûƼһС֮ңҲ÷ҷ˺ʹҪС֮ͨİɡ˼Ľݸ氡ûķַġҪȻô˵ǸֵءǺүΪʲôҪһ
Ϊʲô
˺Խ
ͼģ¡
 һɬǽˡ
ⲻƨôݸǶأǸ˶Ŷŷš˼ҵ̫ãǵλŵġ
ǰҪ˵ֻܳͨķءҪ˵ǾǿʰǺүΪʲôҪϿĵǸɶݰһӴǲȥ롣ˣ̸ЩµĶ
Ǹȶ˵ˣ˵һ󣬱뿪
˴˿˺ȥαװһǰӡܵһٻָ˹ʵĴ磬ҵһӡ
ȥӣҰ쵽飬ȫף⼸죬غүֻԽԽġ
ţӦõģʱ䣬Īˡ
ǣǣһǮСҪȥòҵġ߲ͣкûƣңۺˮɡ



ڶʮ£

Ľɽܾã⼸Ӫƺùܵѡ൱ջȴַáһ죬ߵ˴סһϸѯʣӲ֧˵һЩ
˵Ҹĸ㣬ȫ˵˳
ǰǿԣǺүһΰСΪǸ飬Ҳϸ˵˳ء

ĽɽãһЦĹ¡
ǵģүڸһЩС飬ƺعˡ
ʲô
Ľɽѵ̫ˣһ̣ĻϢǣ֪
Уǰү˵һЩ飬Ҳ˽˳˵ү㡭۾ϹˣôԵҲԵ԰ݺǰүˣֻ£үǲͨɵĺ
ʲôҲͱ
ԵģүҿɫֻãնһϢࡣ
˵˵ϸһЩ
ġ˵£Եݺ˺үˣǲȴ˵ͨ鹹ݵģ˵۾ϹˣҲˡ

͹ˡ
Ľɽһ˴Ƕð죬ǰֳ꿴һĻ
һŵŮˣֻҪΪӻһЩõĶÿγţкõնг֮ģΪӴȥ
һֻò׵õһֻİ׺ԭҪһϲġǽȥȴײһ˻ܳ½ңϣҲһ˿ɫʱƣôһн
ݺ󣬲ŷַȫѪС棬ͲΣٱˡ
Ըȥ롣һĻֻҪ;Ķˡ
Ҫ֪һֱǰŮŵġ
ֻҪ뵽˽еһֻĶȫعڱ˵ǰ޷侲
ΪôǣһУȫԲơ
صһУҲȴˡ
ϸһЩʣ̫̫ˡ
͵ĵطһҲܰͨɵĸס
յ˵ǲܲġʱȫϲһǣǺ
ˣȥԵˣҵҪǸ˻˵Щʲô
ʱĽɽԽи²⣬ֻ꣬ԩ
Էһλ
ͻȻҪֻǣߵһʱĽɽֹǰˡ
ȥˣ ͻ뵽
뵽Ȼת뿪
߳Զ
үܻд鷢ˡ
á
Ľɽϲ
һ㣬һ洫ϢҲ춯
̫Ƕ
Ľɽһɨȥ߸Ͻס
ǣү
ˣȥæİɡ
λ̫ЩҲԽҰˡҲǣô࣬»ʶ̬ԽĲУҰģҲ̫Լ顣
Ҫģ̫չϲ
ЦţĽɽǰ
˾ຣԽԽѹˡ
һҵ˾ơ
˵ĸ簡ȥЩ¶治ˡǺ󹬣̫һƬҪҾжҡﹴģ¶֡
ȿȡڴ齵˾ƣɫ̫ãҲЩ
̫ԽĿ˰ɡ
ɲô˼ҵԽĺءҲ֪ôģҪʱѵλǵֵȥš˼̫˼ҿǼΪֵİ
Ǻǡ
˾Ц¶ˡຣЩ̵꣬ĹˡһЩˣҲһİ
˾ຣɲΪΰҵĻ֣ЩԽԽ̫Ǽ˵Σֻһ˼Ҫõġǰַ죬ֻҲðȣ˲ŅһϳѲҪͳͳˣ
һεĶǳ棬ǾѪϴ
˾ɫɬȻѵֵܡ
СӦ֪Ҳġǣһ˼ҾȲˡһĵã󹬻ôûǧշģǰһЩӸץסˡҲֻδһЩ
˾ຣȴҡͷԣǰʱҽĽ޵µ񣬾 Ȱ˵ǵļʦ飬ҲĿģԤıġֻϣĽ޵²ǵڶĽɽɡ
ᣬҲҡ
Ϊôƶ
˾ຣĺˡ
˾ҡͷǣֵģҲ룬ӵһŮˣ̫Ұȥô



ڶʮ£Ӧù

˾ຣɵˣɬһЦҲǣҪӵһŮˣҲȥǸʲôŮ˰
˾ƵɨһۣϢ
ҲһϢˣĸ磬ĪҪŵǵҪҲǲԣǵñ֤һ㣬ǾһĿռ䡣
˾һҲ
ֵܾ̫ʴȣںöȥȫζ
ҲڵһаɣϾ길ʱ򣬿Ǻϲߵġ뵽˾Ƶͻࡣ
ȿȡ屧Ǿ˵ĴһɣƽʱҵʳֻҲеġȻô˵͵ءҺúѹš˲֮ģ̫ڵġһһǰ˱Ĵﲻ̫ˡֻҪ˷ô꣬£˵֮Ǳ󹬵һаȻУǾӪĵطҪշǰ˵óѣ˾ҵĽɽɾҪˡ
˾˵һ仰Ҫһ˾ຣ̾ǰãûǰͦźġڿȥɣֵͦġĸû˶ñŪˣ۰ŰɣԵ飬ȥ
۰
Ҫ⹬һУۣҪһӦ顣ʱ޲ʮְֻ˸ԴֵµĴ¶ôæһϼһҲŰ뵽˾ຣĽ޵ٲӦæ㶨ǰϼһסԷˡ
ΪԵһĽ޵´Żص£С߾ʹ¡
үүˣˣǸˣһȺˣ˽
Ľ޵üӹݵǰĲյͲܺú˵
ˣһֱˣò׳ȥһˣڿɺãһ丮С߾ͻûĳⶼûСأ쵰СӣͲӦϰ
С߿ںģ̾˵Ǹ㸸ύһʲô˾ຣˣźöĶѽһţ˵ҪΪһס
˵ʲô
Ľ޵£һ˵ըĲ
Ҳü˵Ǹ˾ຣ˱˴˶һۣﶼء
ǵģȻźöӽ˵ҪСסһʱ䡣
Ľ޵Ҳ˲ԵģȾҪߡ
ȥҵҪһڸʲô
ļһɲǸ顣
ң˾ຣ֪Ĳ࣬չҲסĽݸ氡
ֻ뵽ݣĽ޵¾ͷʹĺܡ
Ҫ֪ǿүմףԺǸ鷳顣
СţĪǲǴҪ㣿
壿
Ľ޵µɴ۾ЦˣԶԣܲ²Ҳ顣֪ӵķ裬ҪҰѼλʦһ飬ȻʦˣǲĶİЩ͢ϵ飬鷳
ʦһֱʿһĴڡ
ǳˣǾǱĽɡ
ԣ͢б䶯ȻҲἱв㡣
塭ôųƺ尡Ľ޵´֣һ뵽˾ຣдһ֣оĲҪ̫ð
ԭӦǺ尡һʦһˣǲӦýô
ԶԣǸһʦһˣôôͿأ
һ룬Ľ޵¾˷ˡȥҪôвҡ
һЩȺһ裬Щģһȥա
գգۣȴĽ޵һס֡
ôû뵽ûаʾҲûҪҪôŰ̫ˣҲû뵽
ѵԴֱҲЦΡ
ֻû뵽ƽʱ˼ȫҵϡңһЩԵеģ˵ĶԲŻ͵һʱ뵽һˡ
ҾϲССģƫƫһӡ
Ľ޵ƤĴչһߣغ˸Ͻ˳ȥ
үһͻճˡ˵ĸ飬ҲĽˡ
ŮЦ뿪߳źλ壬£¡ߣȥ̺λүȥ
²̫붯һҪǿô죿
Ȼ⸮ҲԵˣһֱϲˣöʱ;үҲܽġ
ΪԺ˶Ϊ
Ͼܽӵζвٵ



ڶʮ£Цı

߰ɣȥλүһ㣬λүҪʲô
ҲͷǺðɣһȥ
˻ûȥԺﴫõߺ
ô
Сߵ𡣡غүСĸղȥߴٰ·أ
˵ˣϽ֡أ£ǲǾүҪˣ
үλŮЦų˾ຣ˸
غүҼӺڽʳӵЩãҪҩء
˾ຣһҩүԸϣСӣôôء
ϸҩҪϡ
⵽Ҳǣǣʱһ¶ѡ
˾ຣüһ£ֻһ¡
ǳСӣô
ȣҲܹ
˵ЦӴҹܹӰϾǸĴ˰ЦֻλĪɵӰɣզʳءˣһĹΪ˺̫һЩ
ȣǹҲǣ͸һݡ
Ůƽϣ˾ຣʵŰɡֻǣƽʱæĺܣȴû˼¶
ǸҵȣҪˤʱĽ޵²١
壬õȣõˡ
Сӣڲ֪ǰɣǺǣһļӣ治ǡɶҽɶ
˾ຣʶСӵĳνʱһӾ
尡˵ӦƺģϾһʦǳֵܵˣҲԽݰ
˾ຣҭ˺ð죬һӣһӡ
ţ顭ˣ󣬵ҲûʲôԵġ룬ѹСһһ룬˾ຣֺࡣ
尡֪ʦǲԸȥΪģôǿҪȥⲻΪô
˾ຣЦΪ㣿ǻΪأɸ㣬ڻز⳯͢飬ȫٲҼæֻ¶ˡֶ¶Ҳûô
һһģ˵Խ˳ѽ
Ľ޵бҵ̽һǵĿڷ簡Ҳû֪ǰ¥¥Ǽλʦ᲻Ըȥ
¥
˾ຣ˼һ˵¥
ԵģǼλʦ֮ԻһѧԺʵҪ֪ʶ¥ɻʼǣͷøҾ鼮ʱ񶼿Կ飬Ҳѧ֪ʶ룬λʦeûԵĹǣأԸΪ͢ġ
ԭλʦ˵ΰˡ˾ຣȻ𾴡
һֱΪʦֻҪ˼ӵġڿ˼ҲֻҪΪһЩʵʵ顣
ҼλʦǣһֱʵԭԸҲ鲼¡ֻǣΪƢãһֲԸһЩͨĵӡΪԲŵҲû档ҵõλʦҲ˽ǵԸǵԸ뷨֮ģҲĵֻʵһ룬ֻ·ǵûʼҳͷɡ
£Ӧܳɡ˵һ˵Ӧǿ԰ġ
ܰɴ£Ҵλʦµİնлˡ
¥
µİնȥ鼮ش£˳뿴ġ
ɴ£Ǿ»ĸˡ
Ǽ£ŬɲС
ͺ塣
һ壬ְ˾ຣеüˡ
ǸͲŪһЩԵĽǽк壬ҲһõʵʵĶСӣҲ̫ص˰ɡ
ûԷ
ûС˾ຣֱͦţûԷûط˯㵽ҲûҰסģСӣԴѵĳģ
Ľ޵ɨһĸɫۣ۷ŵģ죬۰ǳһ©ĽݸҲôˡ
Сӣ۳£ҳ¶⸮ɶõѽԣȥ׼Եİɡ
尡¶ˣҲֻԸģĽݸƺûĸϵ˵ˣǵǿаһڻɣǲǹҪݺǸš尡۾԰Բ
вߣ˵ģˣ͵ñҪǿС
˾ຣƤļһĻҲ˵
ˣڶˡ
Ľ޵²
˾ຣģֶҶˡ
һĻĽ޵̧̧֡
أ£ͳԵ
ºͿ˾ຣԱˣҲʹӦȥ
ٹûˣ˾ຣɫسĽ޵˵һĿġ



ڶʮһ£ѡ

屧󹬣͢ЩҲֻЩ˳ΪһЩˡ
Ľ޵ͷģǿˡ
ҲҪɽ£Ҳ㡣
ѰʱĽ޵»ܾǶʱˣܾҲС
ҾΪɡ
ǾΪǱҪ쵽˵Ǹ¥ؿ԰쵽ġչ飬Ҳмܳġ
˾һЩһϸƶһЩƻ
ˣһҪ췴棬ϤҲĽɽ
һ仰Ľ޵ȫ䡣
Ҫ췴
ǰ£ܰȰ˵ġ߷Ľɽǲлᷴסһеľ档
˵졣
һʱ䣬Ľ޵¾һ
˵ĽɽʵҲĽݼ塣
飬ȷʵǼҪġ
ǿȥĽݸһЩ飬Ҳ濴һټĺүĽɽû֮ء
ģǶ㣬԰ϣˡ
֪ˡҲûᵽҪߣ߷Ľɽһô
һΣ˾ຣû֨
ᵽסѵĿģҲв߷ԭڡ
һסиĽɽһȺˣȻᾪţҲẦ¡ᣬĽɽ
һģǾͿĽɽ˳׹
ֻ˲䣬Ľ޵Ҳ˾ຣõһ塣
˾ຣᵽԷסһ˿֪ܲĽɽһߵȴġ
ȻнͣѲûвȥߵĻǣǣЩɣǶŲ˵Ĳɡ
һĽɽҲյĺܡ
ǣںԺ棬ڵƺҲԽԽ
˿۸Ժ֧ҪôǽһȥԺǸȥԺsʱ൱ĺڣ֪ͲҪȢһظŮˡ
ȢȢͣ⻰̫ȷѽ
঵Ľɽֻûµʱ򣬾ʹסСѾͷ߿һ
һ죬˳ԺĽɽֻص˺Ժ
¶˵ε˴뱲ӣҪһӣôôء
°ѲտյС
үֻʵֵ룬ֻʵ룬չ̫ԶŻʧˡ
ĽɽЩ㶣˵һֱ뵱У
ذѲһЩţ棬һֱҪӵһƽִͣȰݵӡֻǣʵСܼ鹹һӡݣǰĽӴ˵Ĵֻǣʵ룬չвġ뿤ı֣̫Զںʧ
Ľɽ֣¶̫ˣ˵Ժ㡭
°СٵȻءүֿʼˡүвٵŮˣҪһƼҵʵѡѵģҪôԴʵ
ǰ޵ѾͷĽɽЩʵջ֡
Ҳ֪ڵĺԺˣǰѾͷľܾҲûеġ
¶˵ĶԣԺȷʵдѽֻǣҪôΣóҲȷʵǸ⡣
ǰʱҪһƷԣΪ£үţҲֻͽ鷳ŮˣҪ
飬үȥġ
뵽䴦Ľɽ߳
תȥ÷ĺԺ
̫ŰһЩȥҺү棬ɶѽֻǣүŵ˲ٵ顣Ҳһա˵鸮һλˣżĲˡǵĳǼõѽ
÷֪Ĳ֪ǺүѰʾǣҪԳˡǣĿô
ʱǲ֣Ժү
뵽÷
үǵĺӣʧ̫ϧˡüΣһҹʱ򣬾ͻǺӡУңΪʲôá
ᵽǸʧȴĺӣĽɽĬˡ
һˣò˺ˣȴŪûˡ
Ҫ˵Ҳ治ܡ
ʱ³ɺޣ÷ֲԽսˡ
÷￴ףҲˣɱġ
ˣ˵ҪͲҪ˵׮׮ԺСĽһЩźáôһѰ˼÷ת˻⡣
˿£ǣУȴһĵԼ
ΪȥʱĽɽ÷һ䡣
ʵǺүֻҪһסԺŮ˾ͺáݣѾҪ÷尡ʵһѡ



ڶʮ£ôٻ

ôʾʾģ÷ҲͰ׻
Ȼ֪˺үĴ㣬÷廹ڵڶ˸רȥɢĵط˿ ȴߵһ
ү˵ͷȥɡڿԺ棬Ҫֽţ˿£أ㻹ġ
÷˸
ǿĺԺȻҲˡȻ۴һ㣬ԱҲǲеġ
ţһ뿤Ҳг϶ˣˡǻõҲֲӡ
Ҫ⵹ʵĿܣӴԺǶһģֻкԺоõİ취Ͼǿ
ţԡ
÷Цˡ
˶û˵ȥǣȴҲƶһķ
Ҫ⵹˿ܲĽݺԺףԣ÷塣
һ죬÷֪ȥ˷ׯ԰󣬸ǼĵһʱͰԱ
һҪסİҪ߽ȥӡ
ׯ԰ǳ޸Ľɽ֮ǰȥĵط
֮ԻȥΪһׯͷ
Ǹ˳ƹ񣬸֮Ǹ˶ġԳһֱȥ˾͵̺
Ƿ棬ǳĺܡ
ĿԭҪǷŸһĹϵġ
Ҳ֪Ϊޣǰʱô涼С
ǣٻûֿܵסգڴ齡սʱűײ
һֱСүģǸСҲСүģǸҺţҪ˰ɡ
㮻е۾һȺ˵ϣǰһȺʱЩ㱡ΪʲôĽɽ
һȺˣȷʵĽɽУĽɽһֵܻԼЩ͢Ҫ
Ȼ˿ģǳһ룬ĸˣһ˰ſϡ
˽ŵĵطǡ
һ˲䣬Ľɽɨء
иǰһȺǱŻЦһϽͷ뿪
棬ֻʣ˳ĽɽǸɽׯĸׯͷŭĽɽһͷ
Ѫʬ壬ȫ䡣ǣ˭
ǿĹŮ֮¶ץסˣҲֻŅ̀߰°ͣݺݻĽɽ
㻹кλ˵ãõĺģôΪţΪ˸Ϊ˷򣿡
Ľɽҧгݡ
£ô˲˳ۡ
ǣԿ˼սʱ򣬻ǻ̫Ѩˡ
˿ԳҰʳƾʲôܣΪүҹΪˣΪʲôܣֻҪҰʳС檣ȥǵӣҲֻһˡѶ޷¡ĽɽƾʲôҪһ
ЦһĲм̬߰ȵĽɽա
úã㻹˼ڸǰɣ飬˶ˡû취һˡ
˵ѵľ룬ȴһνԭûжĸ顣ڼȻȥˣǾһɢҵˣҴߣŪá
ޣҲĽɽ˵ġ
Ůᡣ
һ̣Ľɽವس齣ǲǾãүҶôȻΪǣƾΪǱүˣҲκβҡ
壬ֻǹԵǺЦɱٰȥһ㣬Ϳ԰ҽˡǲ̫ʧǣϻôҵǰֵܻǻôǣһɱѾ𣿡
ֻһ仰ȴĽɽĽҲпȥ
ΪŮ˵Ķȷġ
̫ġ
ѵǿıڵøɱ˳ǻô
𲻶˵㻹ټȺһЩˣΪ£ôǵģ
ЦŨӿѲϵĽߵһ߶յ
㣬ȷҪ֪
ŪĻĽɽɴۡͻȻֲĸоƺʧصĻȻĻ׵ֳ嶯Ҫɱˡ
һǧĵĿҪټһȺˣõôʲôǵȻҪ壬ǣҲ̺Ұ֪ж񰡣ҲһһټǡҪģһһһ̺һˡҶأǣΪһȺǸΣǵģΪһӣܳ壬Ҳֻˡ



ڶʮ£

㡭
Ľɽһξ˵
Ѫ۾ĵķߡ
ȴǹЦŵһϮ½°ڣմ˲ٷׯѪħЦš
ĽɽˡҪɱңƾѬĵˣûҵô˽ΪһиѽǿۣӴﲻˣôǧ˯ĸ߹ĿΣ㣬һô˯һһŮˣǵϻ޾ĺôĵĸһ죿
Ϊʲôǰү
׼˵ȥ
һ̣ĽɽãһµĴڡ
ǣĳȴǷħһɨһ촦Ǿʬ壬ԸӼҡ
ʵȢĽ޵µ֮ǰмŮҲǣǼŮˣһԺһУһæ׬ǮеǮơΪ˹ĻӻɾͰҵģֹഺеģѵľǡյõʲôȫʧõδǣܸ˼ҵģҲһЩνҷλɡĽɽαˣŮλı޳ܵļһ
ȢĵһκүˣǲǸŮǰ
˾ǧ𣬵Ϊ㣬˶ٵǮƣΪȢϲһŮˣأôģ棬ֻ£˾˵ҲڻɣֻǣĽɽϷݵ̫ãôһֱТ˳Ůʾǰģԣ˾лɣֻܻɶѡǺǣЩ˰
Ҫٸ˵ȥ죬Ҳ߳ȥ족
ǺǡĽɽαļһһΪһۣľһʮαӶѡϹۣһıҲɡҾңһһĳߡ
Ǽˣһ˹̧ͷġ
ͷĳײҲ
ϵһˣǿָŮˣƾʲôҪǿҲء
ǿ滨Ƶأƾʲôԡ
Ÿ߰뿪ĳĽɽˡ
ݺһڵϵʬϣתҲŴ뿪
ɽׯ飬Ȼ˿ϢȻժô࣬ һЩϢߡ
ǳڵ뿪ĽݺԺһȥѳǰ⿤Ժ˶ɽׯֻʵġ
ʱĽɽŵһֽƮƮĺ飬ˡ
ҪŮˣӣ˵ŮˣôϹۡ
һ뵽ѻóļǲĽɽ;øĶġ
Զ÷Ȼһվŵġȴޱȡ
ǸȻ˵
ڰĽɽһ󣬾͹Ȼһ뿪
Ϊֻɵ£м㣬Ҳ㹻Ľġ
䣬ΪүһĽĺܡйڳĽɽ˵Ļ֪ˣ֪Ҫôء
йˣĽɽ֣Ǹ΢ֶмӵˡž뻹ǶԵѵġ
һ§ڻ÷壬һɵĲܺãҺϲֻҪһʱҾѡԺӴԺҲˡ
ǰ÷ǺҪһĵ˵ġ
ڣľλòԶˣȴò̫ˡ
ΪǳҪġ
ȴҪѾѪܵõ˰ǲܱء
ǸһУ㶼԰ӵˡ𣬱ү ҪٿŮ˴ڹĵط
ôôϹȢһŮˡ
һ뵽ѻҹ壬ĽɽͶĵ¡
һѱǰŮˣϡ
ĳ裬ҪñֻŮϴ塣
˷ȵ÷˫һ
ү
尡á
ţ÷˸ЩӲͻȻЩ¡
һʱĲء
ڶ죬ʳȥ÷壬ȴ֮ﻹڴ֮ϡ
Ŷôôˣǲģ
ɫˡ
˵ʱ˵ġ
ɡ
ݣ÷
ĺһüΪʲôã÷״ƺ̫أ
ȻݺһŨصҩŵ֬ζϮŵһҩζ



ڶʮ£ٸŮ

岻ף
ûû¶
÷ڱ棬˵Щ
ʵʵˡ
ص˾÷Ѿͷǣһȥ̸ġ
Ǻү㡭
ء
һֱ޴ߵ÷壬ʳ
ǰ½󡣷ǳÿƤϵһպʱҲǵ˿

÷ףҭؿ
⸮ˣֻܳˡÿ¶ᱻүټһȴ֪Ϊж٣ˣûĸôడ
ģܵõٳ裬ƴġȻڤнЧƫƫöţһү費ϵӡ
ԭ
İԾġ
ʵǰҲڻɣΪʲô÷õĽɽר˶ꡣŰİͼ̼
û뵽Ľɽġ
̾
÷ǵ
ôǣ꣬ҸΪҵ˳ò˺үһˡΪҲӦıݡЩ꣬үҲһǲġԴӾүĸȥ󣬺үԸʹиı䡣ڷ޷֮ϣҲθࡣöʱ򣬶ǡ˲о
Ɒ޳ܵˡҧ
û뵽÷ٹ棬˵ᡣ
ˣֻҪڤǸõģҸҲνˡ
ᵽĽڤüҪ˵ɣ÷帶ô࣬ĽڤӦöһЩǡ
ǣЩ÷ǣԶĽڤǱϵĺá
ĽڤĿģֻ˵Ĺ飬ԾֻȻһĳҲޡȢϱҲ÷мТ˳
һӣδֻҲ÷˲ѵġ⻰Ҳö˵ֱֻ㰡ҲĪǣ̫࣬ʱҲΪһȻһ챧̫࣬ʧҲеడ
÷屻Ȼ߬ǿĨȥᣬᣬڤǸõģϲõһʵ֮Ҹյġ
ֻǵһЦûо롣
ϵ˰еֻȴԸ⸶
Ľڤһˡ
˿Դڵ̬ȣԿһ
뵱꣬ȻĴű˼ҪȥġҲӿȻأ
ڱȹںԺ˼Ե˻ʱЩԵģõĽȥ
ĽڤʲôҲӽȥ
ڳʱüùõˣҲġ
ĽڤʼգһϷӡˣôܶ÷һøء
÷Ǹϱλֻͬ˰ɡһ룬Ҳ;ãѻ̫һЩ
ú󣬺үһ׮𾪵Ĵ顣
үѽȻķһλǰأȢ˳һҷˡɺãֱӾͷһΪҷˡүĺˣʲô˶ֻһ
Ǻǣһοү徲ѽ
ǻ˵ôүԵľҪլ˰
аӺүһУԿʵȢȢͣǵŲĵҲֻúլ
⵽ģһλͻݵһô
ǺǣɾͲö֪ѽ룬һλ£ǰ³̵¡ҰĪҪ̫ˡ
Ⱦơ

йںү飬𾪡
ǺүĸԺҲ𾪲ѡ
û˻뵽Ľɽ˿󣬺Ϳ롣ķ÷λ
£ǸĴ¼һ켸ķǣһ۵˵ĺԺС
Ʒ裬ſɿڵĵģһʹ·˸ԵĿ
Űɣ÷λҲǲá룬ƿүһУɩôֻһġ˵⻰ˣһߵ̡
ﻮһ˿ζļޡһλһߵĴ˰
ڵĺôȫһȻиүչûźô
μûôûѡ
뵽ٿ̵ҲЮźˡ
ķ˵νĺܡ
˭ֻҪõˡû׵ʲôǿջ
ǣֻҪܰԵҲǲˡ
ǣСǸܵˡүãﻹһһŮΪŮˣһϣҲ֮ˡ
һȺгɾ͵һˡ
ЩĺãŮճɺ֣ҲǸԺĽĴڡ
ʱȻ˵˵Ͷ̡ǣ˾ǣȴʱ̾˿



ڶʮ£ľǵ

ǰֻǿϵҸ֪¶ˣ˵ˣ˵ˡǺȾѽⰡӴԺµĴɩλǼҲܹϼ̫ƽˡҪó˹ңˡ
ɢһ
Ҫ˵ɣҵĽ룬ʵأƹΪһĺԺˣǵʲôģҲֻѸǺǡ
һЦеķ˶̡
ʵȻ˵ųĲǡǰȴҲŮˣ٣Ĳĸˡ뿪ĳ Ҳܻĺܡ
ֻǣĽĽǵݣеλעǲһĻšܻŮ˵һǲ׷ˡģѵıְͺˡҪ˵÷λȻǺõġүҲһŮǰöƼңԭͲ̫¶
񳤷һλҪ˵ʵҲǲġ룬ֵˣҪȥ˵ҲãҲգȥҲá
Ƕ̧ͷˡ
ΪѵŮ˵£ȻŮͲ󣬵£ȴҲǱҪġΪרעĽݸ⣬һдС顣
үһ̯¶ˣ˵ȻǸ顣
ţ˵ǣ⸮氡չҪǡȥĽݼ˵Ҳ̫õ顣ˣ÷λǺүȻû̫룬ҲھǰһζƲ𡣡
ҲǺͬġҪ֪мŮ
ȻӲ̫ϢŮǣȴĹ⡣⼸Ůܲҵżңȫָźүˡ
ĸ˼ԸȢҵĹء
ǻһ뷨Ҳǽͬ÷λġ
̺̣Ȼ÷壬ĽɽȢһ޽ŵĺһھã÷λͦõġ
ʱȴЩζһ㡣
ʵе㲻ˣүҲвٵС֮ͨġΪʲôһ÷λأ˵÷壬ǸԷѾͷߵеҲ֪᲻б˵Ӱʹֱʰ
 ɫ΢Էľǲ棬ƺҲû̫氡࣬Ҳ˳һôžôŵĴڡ
˵һЦ߼ҵ˵е˼Ͳû˵û¶¶̫ˡ
ʲôӰֻҲȷʵ˻ɲͷȥġ
չ飬˭ˣԷһ˵ƺҲûһ룬ҲͲپŴ²šЩ飬Ǹǳ£ǣȴҲʹ˷ɾġ
صԺ󣬱㿴ߵĴѾͷС߹һǰ
ˣү
ôһЩҡ
ԸҲĽƵ
ʱõϲġ
һֱڼУԲ㡣ڴ˴Ҳܲ˵ġ
ѾͷЦŴȤƽʱҲ˵飬ֻһ䡣ƤӣҲҴˡ
̿ϲİо
ããҾ֪ݸǸõġɼҵԤȷģݸȻΪǧ˽֮һ͡Ϥȥֻ£ݸĵλͲһȳĲ
ӵҰĲСһҲ⼸ġ
ôҰǺ¶ĽݸһȺһһ޳ɵģ̣ϵļҵôҲǸûõǡ
ݸð
ˣҾ˵ֻҪü꣬ү϶Ǹгɾ͵ôٷһүʱ⸮棬˰
ѾͷҲ˷ܲѡ
ӵĶǷˡЩѾͷģҲвٵĺô
Ǻǣ£ĪҪųȥһүǲܵġҵ֪Ҽݸ´ĹͣʱңҪݸҪүĳһλߣҼݸµĲ๦ͣܡ£⵱ȫһǡ
һ뵽δһںүλãؿİ಻סļ
䣬ӻǵ꽾ݲݸǿһֱĽ񣬶ӼгϢˣΣҲˡ
Էˣôţ
ؿļˣСЩĶ
⸮棬˭˭Ҷľ֡



ڶʮ£³

ڳ̨뿪֮һľġ
Ľһֱã˶֮⸮·Ĵڡ
æҪѵӽһٻʱ򣬳뿪˸ܡ
һϢ˵һػ
ľˣô죿
ҲʱĽŻˡ
һУƵһУ˳һȨ֧ţҪνȥ
ǣҪƻĽݸҪһᣬ˳ƻѹʵʩˡҪָĶˣʱںԺ˼
ô죬Ҫô죿
ԺȥԶѾͷҲ޾ϡ
Ƕν⸩ûһԺˡ
һᵽˣһҡͷԭ򣬵ȻǶף㡣
 С㣬볯Ⱦ
һûĹң볯ȨƹŮһк³Žˡ
˼ҳһƨˡ
Сء
ֻԺһĪչ
˵Է٣⻰˵ҲġСѾͷ˴ԹѼС㲻㣬ҲûԵ˼ȥ̺
Ľ˼ѵδȥֻ뵽һȥ˰ɡ
ǰ˱ͳţ滵Ϊһ顣һֻһ塣
ǰȥ԰һ磬ˣһɣҲǿԵġûнѾͷϣĻ̌Ժȥ˿صһСǮӱѷȥ
ǮյӳһƲ졣ɣ˻İһҰĲС㵱Ǻǣôһǰ
һӱׯ԰ɽģ֮о棬Ŷƺ滹й°
ûôҸ˵㵱λģǰλء
ĸˡǰСԷ˿ǺТ˳İû뵽һС㲻æ侮ʯ⣬˲Ű
СƲ죬ү¶ء¿ƽʱЩ˱һֺǵġڵأҪҾжҰҲҵġЩѶүĺһŪˣô³յһŮںͳһź󣬶˵һù˵ûСֱʣҲŵġ

ӱ֡ߣȥĿһ֪ˡ
˵ţǱǰѺŶ˵ķȥˡ
ԣˣ죬㵽ûеģ
Ǻǣ˼һֱңһ治
㲻е飬Ҳɲġ˵Ż˼ô˶Ͱˣڣ˷ҪܹĳԺۺҪңֱӾײǽˡ
Ľ񶾵ĻӰҡͷ
Ӹҧ䣬ô˰ɣǴ˼ҵ˽¶ء
񶾵ŮˣͶġĽٶŶʱҲǰһΡʱֻ޲ǰŮȥ
ȣǵȻࡣ
ܻŮˣյЦˡ㿴ôߣңһܻӣӹĲô˳ɡǰЩ죬˵ˡ
Ǳģֻǲٴ뿪ĵĺүˡ
з۾һ϶أڵûûδǺǣѹְǻңҲܻİɣӴ
һĽֺݺҪDˡ
ȴһѷץס֡ٺݺһ衣
ĽڵһҵһһģʱػᱻĹŮˣǺǡҪʱضռһѡһҪǰͣʲôնƲһֻһ
ĽˡȻǹ񶾵Ůˡ
ҵڱ˵㲻һֱСһôĽҿһһĴڣżһϧ黳ڡôҲһĹˡУԺҪȡ衣ˣĺүʵû֮ذ
ٸҡ
Ļ̌Ⱥݺȥ
ҲãŤһգĽʤһѶ˺ݺѹ£žžü¡ôڱҰڵ˰ɣҪʲôб۸³



ڶʮ£ܿ·

˴ܽź˳˴˶һۣҡͷ
˵Ĵ壬Щһ˶ɽ֪ԭˣҲֻǱʡµЩҲûڣһЩ˻ҪݶһĸŮǳª
˵⸮濴ϷǿԵġҪĳ˸л֮ģĪһӣȫһЩˡǿϷ㲻ǳϷ˰еġ
ǣǣ˵ĶۺȾƣɣѵıְˡ˵ԵģۻǲҪȥ
СĽ㲣ֹûһĴҹӣ
ˣ§һֱΪŮʵĸˡ
˵ô죿ˣֻ´ӴԺֻܼһͨĵӡÿһǮһڵĺүǲ̫ˡôãҲһиӵĿ֧ɡǼ޸̻ͨ˼ңһӣһӹһµġһ궼һ·Ůȥ
ܿ￴绨Ůıĺܡ
Щ꣬͵⸮ܰݵҲһδǰ棬ﶼĲأⶼ ߵʲô尡
룬ﵱǴģһǲӦã͵⸮
Ϊʲô
Ľʡ
ܿûٿߵֻۣǴͷ߬ӡ
Ůʧ˱ġͲ֪νţˣ۸ֵͣƫƫ˴ԹԹǣһ⣬еĹȫڱϡԭ
꣬ǲӦðŮͽ
Ļʵ̼ж˰ɡү棬ٲ֮ء
˵˵úõģƾʲôҪȥ˸Щ˼ңʮһ꣬ÿһӵĿ֧ֺŹŮġ̫ˣȻҪȥҺ㣬ΪʲôҪҡ֪Ǹݱ΢ļŮȴҪҡ
ȥȴܿݺ˦һơ
Ľҿ׸㣬˭һѪͳ㣬չŮŮһӣı䲻ʵҲ޷ı䣬ҺʧһҿԺͺΪ֮ɡδǰΪıļáһֵ塣ܰһʱﲻһԣδߡ
ҹܿŮ˾ͻļԽԶԽá
ܿЦҡͷת̧ͷ߰뿪
ȻǸŮΣĽݸүǰôຢӣм»ģ
뾡һа취⺢ӵ£ǰҸѰѵ߲ˣԹ˭
ֻҪѶԵкβء뵽ǸһֱڵѵˣܿЦˣЩ̫꣬ˣȻΪŮķѪװ˷Ǹ˵ĵȺ
ĽҲΪˣΪѹҪĺãǾͺúѧѧ񣬿ôүġҲѧѧôһġҸ˵ܶãĽ޵µߣҲֻһŮ˴ڡ㣬ȻĽݸŮأչ飬ĲһūλѾͷ
ܿһνĽ𽾰ȫѹ٨ ˡ
˹ȥҪ˺ܿ
ȴһƿݺתô꣬ǰϹ˺үǽ̵㣬֮µĴ֮ˣкء
ǺǣȫǺĵˣҵôôడ
һĽֻܵױȵ˺
ңһҪΪıδǸͬءȻұѾͷ硣ԣôģ
Ľʧķ裬̫ǡ侲󣬻ǷӦʵܿڸҪĸãǾͶӴ
Ѿͷʲô·أ
뵽Է뵽Ľ޵£Ľûɵһ¶
⸮棬ʵĽģҪĽ޵һˡ
ʲôү̣һˡ
ʵģүֻǱ̹ġ
һˣΪңԸԸСʲôϢ˽ү̵һкãĽͶ߷һԲĽ
̺үһԲˣʵģҲү̫̣̫ǿơĿǰƺల¡˵ԸǸĵģҲñ



ڶʮ£֮

⼸λүǾȫһһĴڡ
ֻһֵܽ棬Ľ޵µĳϢгɳҲĽĵġ
ߵǸѾͷ绨񣬽εεģЩΪĹɿɰ λү᲻ݡһ޸Ľ޵¡
ܿ⻰Ǻ˼ŮôҲֻһѾͷѰѲɣܵλĸɣ
ʱĽͲò˼ˡôǵȥ˵
һ룬Ľ;ȥǸƲϵŮ
ڶǸӣĽ´һŶǰԷ
ŵԷһɵĻƮݶ˿㰡
һߵĴѾͷŵͷ԰˵ûµʱ򣬾ͷ̺һЩݵģԷڱĸǰྶͥôǻûƹء
˳ţ㿴࣬һһζϮżһЩ㣬Σķ羰ȫĶˡ
ţ⻷ȷʵǲ
վڹ棬һԺһɵˣԺľɫʤա
ĽԳԾ벻Էΰơ
ԺеЩҩݣһЩʳõֲʱˡ
ΪʲôһЩԵأ
˵ϲһЩʵĲˣżϾүʱ򣬾ժһЩˣһЩһͤŷˣһ˵һЩļ֮ġ
ĽֻǳĽС
ҲЩơ
ԷûŮôΪʲôҪ³ȥأѲɣĲҪóһЩ
ŮʳôֱӣЩǰֻòˣι˵˼һЩļ֮ģûôȥ
С㣬ʵΪ˷򸾣ʱһЩóԵķˣһһţҲһյġȻǿǣʱ壬иоǲһġϾںģԸоǲͬġ
һ£Ľеˡ
ţҲһֹĵ󡣿һ棬ȷʵļõġ
ŮСȰ˵С㰡㻹СɣĻĪҪ˵Ȼ˼һСֻ֪òˣԵûһء
ˣ֪ģ˵Ҹһ
Ľ˼˵ѡ
Ҫ֪⸮֮⣬ĿǰΪֹƯҲȵŮˡ
ôڵһʱҵء뵽Ľѵգ˿ǰšǰǣǴϹİ
Ҫһˣ⻹Ǽ򵥵ô
һ뵽ЩĽãǰѧЩǰѧˡ
Ϊ̬˸ı䣬ٿԷеһʱҲͲپкβ֮
෴ģҲΪֺ˶һЩ顣
ŽԺӣƼһЩɵСѾͷ߹СԲģһ˫۾ں üëźڶܣԲཱུһǸʵĹ
С㡣
һ˵Ͻǰ
Ľҡȣţ㡣
Ӹ֮С㣬ҼںԺֲء
Ŷ˵ǸֲƷݵˣǰҲвҪѧϰȴûһ츳ΪֻļڣһʦǶмӵİõģɲϵĺãҾȥһܲѧһС
ºɵЦţǣС
š
һԺȥ
нŲüСͷ¡
ժ´ŵףأ͵ա
õģ
ͷ
Щҷֱ̺ҪϸǰҲ˵ֵһֵĺûǸһֲ󣬲ŷЩǺķѾѾءһϸЩǾͿܻˡ
ֵֻҩÿȴֲ֪ЩкķѶپ
ֵĻ˳Ҳѧһô֡
ԶԶģĽü
һλû뵽ܵˡ
ӭǰȥ
ԭС㣬Ĺɷ紵ģȻˡ
˵Цˡ˼Ҿ׵ģҪѧһ¡̵Ұɡ
ĽЩĽĿŲԶЩݡһЩ̵ģҲȷʵо
̵ҰɣѧҲһúѧġ
Цĺᡣֻǣȴǣ֣С㣬ȥǰͤɡ
Եתƻ⣬еģҲͲˡ
ȻĽãһΪСܸѧֲǲġǸأһūţѵҪ˼Ӳɣ
̵ôĺѧ˵ǸĵؿģҲ˵Ĵڣ϶Ҳ̵ǲǣ
ĽЦĸʮһҪǹĺӡֻǣȴЦգգۡ˼ЩһǧС㣬ǲѧĺá׾ѧᣬǰ̫̫ǽˣֻѧˡ
ĽɫЩˣ̧һ°͡ҾͲˣţ̵һЩ㻹ŲԸ̵ˣǺǣ˶ΪǸĵؿƵģҲֻһջѡ
Щ죬û뵽λС˵˾Ͳϡ
Ǹĸλ˰ٵСǰһЩ⣬ԸùȥСҲھ˵ͷİɡ
ȻһλћߵĲˡ
ֻʵʵ˵ңҴãԼǸĵ֮ˡҪôҲ޿ɺǡ
ǺǣϹ۰
Ľģ¿ָһֻһŮԾһ۸ôǺǣǣһС¶˵۹Ⱑ˶ġ
¾ȥˣ˵С㣬⻰˵Ŀɲ
ĽһūҲ˵ɫһ䣬һľٶ



ڶʮ£شı

žž
ūţﲻ֪ļ澣Сӹһ
ĽٳֶֺЦͱǣѹֵ˵㲻ӡͳūţ˵ʱԽӻĵԣ治һĺү˽̵ĳūŰǺǣ㻹дһ
ɫ䣬̧֣кĽ
üɫĽԼΣԱĴ󵨵߹ȥ
˽ѵūţҲֻǡ
žž
ĽĻû˵꣬㱻ֺ̧ݺݸİơİƣĽˡ
ɵɵĵֱŷӦ㣬ȻҴң
俴һΪүС㣬ôߺʲôͳ˲ù㣬⵱ԽҲ޿ɺǵ顣һ磬ղСҼѾͷһҵˣҪѵҲѵֲҪֻԿȥڸ״ȥҲһ˭ռ
˵꣬кˣˣһүûءûΪһЩҪ黳ȥ׼Űա
ȵ߳ԺˣزһݿƯ
¸Ǹжģ㣬ĺ˸жңҾûô޹
סŲЩϧ£㻤ңΪһЩ飬Ӧġһǵøһ䣬ԺĪٲֳϵĺҲ廰ǻˣֻûôôġ
лл㣬ū澼סˡ»Ǹмĺܡ
ļΪūԵС㰡Ҳˡ
ʵҲֻǿɣҪ˵Ҳֻǿϧ飬ǻ߼˵ġ
˸ǻԵС㣬ڷˣԸô
һܼ⡣
񵭵һЦġ
סһ䣬ǣͲºô
ǰое㲻һ
ڿǰΪ˴ţǰɵӣûӵĹҲԸġ
ǽأȻΪ¶ǿԳͷڣŷҲ飬ɰ
ţǰίˡڲһûҪίԼүҲšҾˣôޣҲֻһίȫĻţΪšֻҪǾүΪǾͿˡ
˵˶ǲ⣬ǣҲ⣬λĻ᲻һġ
ҹĽ޵¹ҲСĳĲһ
ŶôѽͲӦίˡΪԼ˵ˣԺǵӵĲͬ
⻰תȥ
үãء
ңҡ
ǡʱ˾ຣ
ҪλرҲĽ޵Ծһ߶˵尡е㲻ص֪Ǵƽء
˾ຣһί񣬡Ѿͷ⼸죬ҲԸдҡ߶ôҲþСӣһߣҲܹң֮İ
Ĵ۾ȾŵЦ⡣ǺͶһЩǲˡ
˾ຣٺֱ֣ŰСѾͷƬӶòСӰһҲû֮Ӵѽ˵ˣͼŵģҪȡ
˾ຣҪȥҨڶ룬ȴûˡ
̧ͷĽ޵»ڴűҭİѿһģ˵Сӣϰ˶ôһһȫˡôĲˣô԰
Ľ޵µĺܣҾͰ;úȣôˣЩ㰮ԾͶԡߣŲ˺ءһλˣܸȡ
˾ຣת߿ࡣҲܹҵôСԺôܳɾʹ°˵Ҫȥҵԣܰ
΢΢ЦţһӲЮ壬𼤶ӣҲ˵С
Ľ޵ĵ۶
Ŀϣ̫ˣôܸЮء
壬Ҳ˵һһЩСͦСġأҲвٵŵ㣬룬Կ
ԣԿСӣǸԿ˾ຣ˵ͱˣĽ޵ǻϲĺܣɲ˵⡣
ȻĻӡ֤Ĳ²⡣



ڶʮ£С˶

˾ຣ渵Ľ޵µĸŵ㣬ֻһٷ̫ζˡһ߶һɻĽ޵£ĥɣСôأôṦΰôһô
ױȣһСĸˡѿһӣãҲˣⰡǳиġˣ˵ǻСһ䲻ôôͱõˡ
֪Ҳ˵˵ĻǣС˵־Цһ˺죬Ҫ䰡ɨһСˣˣǱɡ
һٷ˾ຣ뿪սᡣ
壬㣬ѽҼģһ鰡ﶼġڣһˣҲã˺ܶò˵ǲ¶İ
˾ຣˣֻǺݺݵ·㻹Īˡ·θȫ
ӴҪ׵Ľడ˵һͻȻǵĻǲһɡţˣһЩˣأҲһԵĹ飬ǵĴ¶
˾ຣĽŲһ͡ɬһЦչ飬һС˼˰
ȻǻֿĳҲƵĳҲǣϣмɵء䣬˼һʢ£ѱ˵ɵӣ治ܡ
ʹ˱չزҲֻ뿴ѣֻҪһаñ㹻
ôһ룬˾ຣٿЦţǺĸ˴¿ɾͰ˰ǲ⣬ۿһֱҪŵǡ
ҪĽ޵ܻУҰæһæԵҪæ׼ӡ
˾ຣӵˡ
˫ü³ٳٲһ˻㲻һλ㣬ӴԺźһءԴ°ɣѾͷˡ
ҲѹµһҲƴǣӯӯһ񣬡С飬ҶȫΪġ
úã֪зǴ
һٷý˵ĲʹĽ޵¶˾ຣǸӴҪж
ת˾ຣùꡣߣߣžͷˡ
ذЦǰߣӿǺĺܣ׳ԵӴ˾ͳء
תӭģ͸Ц˫Ľ޵ίקס֣㲻Ҫ¶һͷˣҪҸɶɰϵĹ۹ģ֪˾ຣǸôˣ˼Ҷ޸ء
Цү岻ҲһֱĹһֱԸȢԲһġ
࣬Ľ޵²ҲƢԹŹ֣Բ޷׵ġˣǶӶüءİɣߣǸƢԹŹֵģû˴ˡ
ੲݣҲֻǺЦԹֱѻ˵ˣ֣һ£СģôСɶߣ㻹
ֻһ仰ȴҸĽ޵Цһѽ§ݺһţʵڣ㶼һɶţ£ȷʵûҪġٺ٣۴˲˼ƽϣҷ˫ɡ
˶û˾ຣ˼Ȼֶ֪ĺܡ˴˵ͨô飬һСȤǽˣǾ˺
滰˾ຣĻ̫á
Ͼֻһһ⣬ΪһѶȡҲûбԹǺİѴ½
˵ǰ飬üáֻϣǶҪǰӰֻҪžͺá
޵£֪ġ
СŲϣ̫ίȷʵбҪıҡСŵңΨһһλңṲͬŬŵҷˡһȷʵûҪίСѾͷһ
ǰһЩ̬ȣҲбҪı䡣˾ຣƸһ⣬ʵδҲҪӴԺ󣬸ɷ衣
ˣͲĽ޵ȥԼ顣
һ߶׼ˡ
Ľ޵һߣæҪӦԡһεľӦԣѧӡ
вٵʫۻ֮ġĽ޵Ҳֻȥ˼غ󣬾ͲȥЩط
ȻԽύһЩϧĵط۸ڶһ֡һ֣̫ظ߾ӶࡣΪΪߣ



ڶʮһ£εºܵý

ԷһȻƽȴү˶йעšʵǣ⸮ڡһֻǲóģǺүĵϵӡأһֱûõϵĴڡ
һɣ⸮濴Ưı΢ѾͷλأȴӵǻʼҲҪһʦΪʦ
˵ݸ߹󲻷
⸮õĴڡ
˵ݲã
˼ۺı
˵λӼȻʼռ𾩳ǵĸǵһ飬Ҳ˲˵Ĺע
⸮мλŮ޵ĸԺǸĹע
ʲôģܣһСѾͷôĲ£ҪҲӦǣǸ˼ҵϷǲеİΪλһСѾͷ
̲Լģһߣȴ˼
Ȼ˼зǲûնһֻһһŮڴгϢŮǳߵġ
ͳķṦΰҲܵȥԣһ䣬Ҳûն
һ򴫵еϢҲ˺ü֡ǰϲȥѰ˼סϾ˼ݸ߹һүֻմ׵һֵܵŮ˼ҽװ
ǣȥˣǿɾе˼ˡϾݵλͰȥˣǲǰʾţʵ۹⣬̫ߡ෴ģֻҪ˺ãˣ˼ҾԸ׵ģ
뷨һҲӲȥ
˵İ˵ôϹϵأԣѾͷڸţлύСţҾпСŵĹϵҪѻ齻иȻǼѾͷķλܵĴ鰡
ү治һϷȻֻýýͻýвġ
ͨ˼ңҲǸýŶ
е㵵ΣģҲǸý
ûʼ˻ģǾͽлýˡ
ýҵ˵ǾǹҫķṦΰ
һ뵽ĺܡ
Ҷˣ˵һݵѾͷǸֻһͨѾͷǰҲֻ̺һλڡ
ƵСţҲûжأôͻýĲʹӴҲǣΪηҪһԼ˵ý˰ȫȨȥˡľȨ棬Ǵ»˾ò˼šôô¶̫ġ
һֱ˼Ĺϵ
˵ԷһˣҲ֪СǺιϵ
νĺꡣ
Ҳ˵ˡ˵ǸȵģҪСŵһˡҴˣ˵ǵٵġһԱҲǵĴڣֻܲС췹ԣҳŰɣǸĻˣҲǸûϢˡôĪã˾ɣôأȵģǺǣ飬ɲҰ˵
̹Բš
ؿ΢΢һЦţҲã¶ȷʵǲôܵġˣ鰡ҲֻŶѡôǻءҿŰգô£ݴԺٿ֪ǺҶǲˡ
һȷʵ¾ˣݣ˼벻˵ġ˼ǴŮҲûӦġҰǵ浽Ҹʵ˼Ұɡ
˵꣬ȥ
ؿߺЦ
ļҵİԶô¡ֻǰһЩ棬˿£ǲԶ롣Էλȥύأһֱײβشڡ⾩棬ϰļá˻ʼҵһˣˣûİɡһ˼˵ǹԱţ
˼ҲǹԱǣȴү
ֹ洺ȥԺ
ףϲȵиͣһֱǺϲµȴ׵ˡ
ŽӵСŮؿŮ֣ԽϢ
ҵı鰡ҲԽԽФʱķ緶ˡԣҼұ鰡ǱﻹҪƯ˵С˶
Ľݱû뵽Լôֱ׵佱Լһʱߺ佱˼أⲻһֱô㣬Ӵ
˦סһ˫͸۾ȴǾϲؿġŮãҼұ黹ǸǰһƤһΣǰջӴԺ󣬾ͻˡ



ڶʮ£崿

˵ʲôΪ
Ľݱ鲻⿴ԼֻƺĿܣҲ󣬺ĳ顣
Ǻǣ޷ҲûϵֻҪ㰴Ը¾ͺáˣóһЩģһ͵Էȥ

Ľݱ鲻صɴ۾
ô᣿뷨ԴӰѸԺΪ˺þáʲô飬﷢شĸı䣬ȻԸǸŮˣƾʲô
ؿİüȴĳŮ
鰡Ը飬סһҪȥºҲȫȻдġչ飬ݸ̫ʢѽ

ĽݱùܵԼ;ãֵġǰǰҲԷط쵽ãȻ˵ĺûԷʱطˡ
˵ʵǶģҲ֪Թ񡣱ϾҪ仵ҪĳŮˣǾԼתҲû෴ģһֱھܾ֪Ǽ飬ڹݸ෴ģݸãԼûõȨƣԲģ˺һЩٶʵģ飬ûжٵĸϵ
ģĽݱЩ
Ҫ֪ЩһֱͼȰ˵һ粨Ľƺ飬治ٸϵϾүҪŮˣǻҪҪˡȴôƽġ
ţʵͨġǣҪһϾݸ뿪ﰡ
ĽݱһӾˡԺһԾŮˣӼ޸֮󣬾һͨСԱŮһŲһķˡʵҲ侫ͷԣ֮ġ
֮Ի᲻񣬲ҪҸʹţתעԼлļڡ
ʵͲôᣬô
ţȷʵǡҲϲô欵ŮˣǸ׳Կϵġأ֪ǰϲһҲֻꡣǺԵʣǻദļõġڰҲˡΪ£ҲѧһЩǸѾͷɣȻҲϲЩЩ飬ҲòϣϣһصΪġҲһصύһЩˡ
һĽݱûȥˡʱһҪˣ¹ϵĶȸԾġ
⸮棬ϲСǲࡣѾͷǣߵļˣѵϲˡΪһϲˡԺŵ˵ߵϵˣҲϲ񰮡ԭ򣬵ȻǵСʱ򣬺ЩСܵġ
ãҾ֪ὲ̫ϲˡ
§СŮؿĳЦˡ
Ļ񰡡
Ҫѡ˭˼ȷʵȨƣĻʶһء⣬ҲòȨ˵ͷһ㡣鵥ĺܣЩ飬ĪҪĺá
ȥ׼һЩʱһ
ţҲá
ŮôɰؿĻЩġ
ֻϣԺܳɳɡ
ڶ죬ĽݱʹһЩԷ
Ŵʳӳ񣬿ʳУһЦԼĴҲǺݳһ
飬㣿
԰ǲǾ̫ˣҾ֪һεܳԾӴ
ԴһЦӯȻҲŷǰִ֡ţĵȷʵǳϰ
ˡҰҪġ˵˺öĻ˵ʲôǰԩ㣬Ӧù㡣԰ɣʵҲǸܶӴ
Цûо롣ǸʲôˣĽݱҪĶࡣҪ˵¾ͻһλ˴ǲܵġ뱦ĹϵҲһ顣Ͼǰļ꣬뱦Ҳֻ͵͵СѾͷϴҲϲĵֱ
ˣĵģһԡ
˵ŻĽݱȳһѾͷж͵ĵǾԿԷʳõġ
ЦףһͤȥߵͤʱͻȻԺǻסһλǲõء飬ôˡ



ڶʮ£ɵ

飬ȥĵطɣҲסžүĿˣǸ˼ʵġ
Ľݱһ濴Ժ滹ס˭ҼǵþŸǲôк˽ģ벻ҲҪкô
ûߣȴԴԺ档
Ҳ˭ү˵ǿˣúкţҲհá˵Ҳǣ
΢΢һЦִתߡ
ҲԵʹȻһͷӭ˾ຣԶʱ۾ˡ
Ѿͷ𣿡
̾òǰ񡣡壬뱦ҪԺͤȥԺǺסŵģԾͲȥٺ徲ˡ
һߣĽݱһֱĴǰˡڿǵһʱİϲӯӯһݣߵ塣
˾ຣ̧̧ˣȻˣҾȥԺͤϢһȥաӱߵĻʢˣҳŵͦģԴһȥ
ûһߣĽݱͻϲ
Ǻӱߵǻʢô黹ǵЩۺСһĻġΪĸֻԾͱĵ˺öĻһǵǰ˵ΪʱǻĴʢ㸸׾Ϊȡġ֣ǺĽ
˾ຣɫ΢ԭֻĳҲǸŰ֮ʿȻôΪϲΪŮȡء
ϣһ˶Ը˶̫ġ
Լȡʲô֣ȡȡˣỹȥչ˸˵
Ľݱ˵ĵضǼȶġȻôֳءȻֻһͨģ棬ȴǰ򸸵İڡ
ɼҲǸ֮˰
ˣвȥġԸ⿴ҿԻرܵġǵģԺ¾ͺá
˶˵ˣҲٶ˵Եģ±ףҲգǺȥæСһһչŮбң黹ûСôչ鲻̫á
ңԼĵϣǴ￪֪ˣĵġԴŮΪá
˾ຣҲ֪һ飬ֻǹ˹֣˽ݡ
Ŀ˾ຣ뿪Ľݱź֣
壿Ҳ󰡣ΪʲôأѲɣĽݸʲôݲɣ
аʣ񵭵һЦҲ̫ġүУǾ͸ඡ
ǰһ˰ڵãΪŸŮˣ˳ҵǾãȥչ鲻̫ء
΢΢һЦûо뽻̸ûǣСϣΪβءŮôǿƵʱǿƣʱҲС
һֱһǿƵļӣֻԼĸۡһֱ΢ĻţֻΪ˵ĸԣԼģá
ͤһĽݱѵĳԵĲˣҲʹ뿪
תؾЩá
ﰡҾñСǱоĵģ
Ŷ
죬ԴھͱоĵİɣСѾͷô˭оİ
̫ˣֻǰԼĹǿϲϡҳűСͤʱ򣬿ǻﻰ⣬һֱΧԺλүڽеġҰ㽻ʱʱʱĶǲԺ档оһ֮漣ôȻ飬㲻ῴա
΢ڰգ飬ڵҲʮꣿ
Цʮ꣬Сֻ˵½׶ΡھģǻûҲһ£ǰ˿ǲԸⱦСġͻȻͿʼˣ㲻úǹŹôǸʲôˣ֪ġЩؾͲ˵ˡ
ףòϣʵطǺȷġ
֮ԲԸѱˣã黹ǵǸСǣǻ᳤ģ˼룬Ҳű仯ġ뵽ĸֱ仯治Ѳ²Ŀģȷĺġ
ֻ֣飬ô֪أ֪ǲ֪
ֹ
ĺһۡﰡҾԴӸžŹӺ˶ɵˡҪ鴫￪⸮棬ǡǡõģסһλˡˣʵѰ˼һһλǺݡȻֻһ²⣬ǣ࣬Ҳǰ˾Ųʮİ㰡̫һ㡣



ڶʮ£ŷ

˵Ķԣȷʵ̫һЩֻ½˻ģңǸֺ
ϵģкüˣŸͷֶŮԼ׹Ů棬Ƿֳʳ
ңһЩ˺һǺð졣״֪ĺܣСĿģǰ졣ܳûһôλãֻ¾ʹ˸ȵˡ
˵ԽˣҲãѡҪһЩˡȻһνһεѹȻɰһøϡôȥչڵ˰
һѰ˼Ϳʼֽ档
һС̺ţ֪Ҫյѡˡʵ⼸ˣݲ̫õĴڡ
һǰĽ޵ҪֻһܶԼľͺá
ݵλ֮ģˡֲλҪ̫ԺյˡΪһʼûЩԺ˼ҵĹ
ҵǾãϵŮǸֻǣƢã˺ܶ೯͢ˡڸڼңŮһΪҲ֪⳯͢᲻Ϊ϶
Щա⳯͢飬ǣһ١˭֪ʲôӦءĽ޵ĺЦ֣ҪסһֻΪ˺ˣΪ˹˼ɸȨƹϵ֮ġֻҪ˺ãһжð졣Щ飬һҲ͹ȥˡƢ˵ǻ˵ֱˬ˰˵ֱ̫ʱǶ̫ϲǣŻϵģڸϣҲһ뷨ġ
⻰ɾ˻ζˡ
ںڳ۾΢΢һЦְ§Դϣ棬ȷʵˡûһЩĻһֱϷңԺҲҪæµ˺壬в˰
ԭһڿǲеġ
ȴνĺܣãʱͿһʩˡ
ͷЦ
Ľ޵ȴ΢΢һ԰ҿԳûһʩôң
죬Сţ㣬治ˡ
Ȼˡһ뵽ϵֶ
⻵һԽĺء˯һҪиȵľٶ
Ȼ⻵͸˵ģֻҲԽ
ߺĽ޵µɫҧС㲻ܷ֮ãҲģҲǣ
Сţ
񾪵ˡ
һӷס
ֱǵĺˣɿ̺㡣
Ҫȴ˾治Ҫ
⣬ĺ촽㡣
ߡ

СӵķԸĽ޵תﳤȥ
ʵٲߣҲءһˣԼǧĵĹﲻܳԡ
֪ģöֺܿ
Ҳú㡣£ҹȥϴˮҪôºһˮΪϷ棬Զ׼һõİ׿ˮ
ѡú󣬻˾ຣˡ
ϵĹҾǸѡȻƫһ㣬ЩΪϷˣȥТ˻¡ǣΪȴǼңҲ˵ġĿǰ׵Ҳвˣֻһֱû죬ȻΪŮһʵķҡ˲ֻһŷһġ
˾ຣνְ淭
һλ
ţһλ˾Ĵ˵һλҲôáǰ˾ˣһ˰ǣԴʷĹְ˰ȥʷ˾ʹ˳һλΪ㣬չĵøСĵǣǽеһҲƱүǶߡΪˣһλ̼׶ΣƺǼ׵ġȴãһλԸ˵뺣㣬ǸһЩΪӲ͡һλڹУּԼңвܵػԼˣһǿϢ֮ҵǼõġ֮ϵŮҾҪǿӲһ㡣ǣֶת¡
ͣ˵һǽģƯˣвģԸǷЩһλԸͦǿأԲôһǰɡ
˾ຣͷĻֻٺֱЦأĿǰΪֹֻλҽΪġôȥĴһλ



ڶʮ£һ

˾ຣݵ̯֣ˣȥһλϵŮɡ
Ŵ¾Ѿͷš񹧾شת߳ʱ˿˾ຣҲǿڱһİɡȻôôŭεԼءֻǣЩӦǾֻܾĸá
Ϊүȴûһ֪֪ȵĸչӣܾ
ѮһɽᣬһкɽҲȥⰲ˾ຣĽ޵һͬǰһƬ̤ɽ֮أеʱҲǲٵġ
ңȻ˵ǵʿһ涨ûĹﲻúϹߡǵһͣǻȥһЩ˶ĵطУҲùͷ¶棬δķҲ֪ˡǣҲüʶѡԼδķ
ǣЩ̾
ʵɣǰùǺҳ˼¹̫ˣǲҪ鷳أǲţȻĽޣɱҲ֪ԣҪǡ¶źءСأҪԼϲδǳʲôģƫƫҪİһ·֮ġôʱǶĺšģʲôʽٽʽȻһףǶð
˾ຣĹһЦҲѾͷ롣
һߣĽ޵˼ĿԡҾ飬ԿһΪ쵽飬뷨ǸطһôεĴʽʽǰȴס
˾ຣһۣ֪ҵĲˣ
Ŷ
Ľ޵¶⿴ֻʧ֣ˣˣþòľɫԽء
ǺͺúһĽ޵ҲˬЦſܣͣϡʵķ羰߰
⻰̫֮ԡЩ֡
˾ຣǿ϶ͷȷķ羰ء
ˣԺŰգȥǱᡣһԻλСǰҲĪҪ̸֮
֪ˣ㶼˵ˡ˾ຣͷߴ١
ȥɣҶһءĽ޵µ˽ˣϽ뿪
ӭһǰ̤࣬Ҹɽˣ֮һԼСһͬԼȥժҰֻΪ˵ҪҰһʱ˶¡
Լ뿪̾һ
ڳҲǸɵӣ֮ԻĳһҵˣǾж档ǣйһλĴš
˼ֱС㣬веˣʵǾɺϵŮС
ط˰˵ǳĽĶ˵ģǣŮҲвٰôۣܵأ
Ǻǣ˼ײ²ڣطһгеķˡıԭҪΪԼŮġڿλүң˼ҲûŮЩɨˡ
Ҳǣ뵱ʥϾ˵õֵܣϵ˼ͼò²ˣڣѲµ뷨ҲġˣȨɡһгҲźüλӻǿԵġط˴Զһչ飬СǶǷ˵ͷء
⻰ط˵ͬЦ۾źߵĸ첲
ߣȥ
á
лˡ
Ҳлл㣬һཻо졣
Сȥʱߵ˱Ƚ
һ뵽쿴λ壬ľײ
ֻǣûע⵽ǣһߵɫȻЩĺɫ
תĽ޵º˾ຣһظʱûʽ³ʱ˾ຣ˵ԼľȥλʷСɡ
á
תĽ޵һǣ뿪߲һǾãϵĹֻҼˡ
ǣλС֪ԼΪӶʧһԵҲ֪θ밡
ǺǣҲԼҵġ˭ֻŰȴϧѻӣĺҵһӵŮˣǣһʱҪԼȥǻĽ
ǣһ棬ҲĲôЩաĲӦһ˰ֻȴûдɡŮˣĿĴô
еˣֻһĶʹ˴ʧˣҲա˭кСֻ֪ȫԼƯ·ȴԲ˽лӳʱ򣬻벻ȫءžˣƫƫһϲ̵ӡˣԺĪˡ
һֻǵãһﾩС棬СƯġңҲһЩլ



ڶʮ£ѡ

СһֱãԼʤġҪ֪̤ʱҾãֻǿԵġңλңҲǵôҪģƼһӢȲĴ塣ʵûͣǿžǾúġ
ֻǣźǣҵȣȵģֻһʷŮ
ôܣҲţʷŮĶຮװңǸŮˣ˵ܿĴڣ
ʧ̬Լġ
棬ϵɨһ۲ٵŮ̾һ
ѵ飬ϸһ㲻©Ľ
Сһ£үӵָʾѵϸ鶼˵˳
ѹ˰ıֵֻĹѡǣǡ
С㶵ģ游Ů⣬𰸣
ѽҲ֪ԼںδϿȻƯǣȴûӵŮ̾լУԼӦʵĹʰȻŮô˽һأȴ֪ġ
Слӳʱ㿴ֻǹԼƯšȴû뵽ʱľ·ڡһѣҲǸõľֹƫƫֻŵͷԼܹߵˡ㣬ϸ˼֣һ飬һ˽˰Ҫģʱڿл֮󣬻ĶʩȥʱûһͰˣ϶¶˱֮ɫλ̬ȴ֪лȫҲǣ
Сڨڨģ˵
㰡㣬ǸѡգȴϸڵС˵㣬չ㲻̫ʰûһ֮ģûһšߵġѡҪСӣ￰ΡҲġȥ˼ɡ
ŮһλٴθǳȻΪƯܼ޸˼ҡǣҲֻǶݵһҸԸ񲻸ģ˼ԶҲɲ˴
˻ºС㻹ЩȦ
ߵˣȴЦ
ʵϸΪһЩ飬ֲɫչ˵ʱҾ֪϶ܳɡֻһߣŮˡ㣬úʡ
û뵽лܸôһᡣ
ǺǣҲ˸Ҳм߶ѡˣҵĳŮҲδѡҪģڱԼͬʱҪıޣֻ̫ҪȥСһԻᰲ׵ġ
лһ̣巢һλ˵л
ѡȻһλ˵˵ɡ
ʵģֻмԱȣҲ˵˲ٵĺûô궼Ӧʱһλ˵žͰˡһ׮£˵ֱĴ󸣱Ҳǣ˿һᡣ
ʵɣҲ²㣬ҲǿұΪ򵥵Եʡֻһܵһõ㣬ᱳ̫Ρʱ򣬺ҵף֮ԻֵĲô죬Ϊ̫ڸӲŵµġ㣬ɶ
롣
ŵϽͷ嶮ˡ
ţֻϣĻҸģ۵ľͺá㻹üסһ޸㲻ʲôֻǣˣ֪֪ȵģӶѡһ㣬չòġ
һ仰񼸺ġ
֪ˡ
һվڷкþá
Ϊ̫ǣĳ̶ȣΪֹ𺶵С
ǣʲôԵ˵ءĲãֻ£ᱻҲܵİɡ
Ǹ¶ģеŮӡ
ųѰ˵֮ġ
ֻǳΡ
ŵŮˣ˵ֻһ򵥵ˡ
뵽ԼҲԳԴףнľ棬ҲǶġ
һõġһãģҲˮ
۾ʱ˫ָֻŴݡ
ϵЦݣȴ˵ġ
չ
һ˾ຣҲȥ˻ʹ
ֵһһϣ˾һλֵܡ
Ϊýˣ
⻰ЮЩŭ
˾ຣǳ̾һ
̧ͷʱĶΡ
ȫǡ㲻ҲһֱҪѡô
»ãһᣬ˾Ƹˡ
Ǻǡԣô⣬ʮˣһҲûϡ˼ֻΪ㵽ǺãһӾӦʡ



ڶʮ£͢

˵¶˾ຣνƲ죬ˣҵĻְôСѾͷɲ˵һ˼Ϊ˸׼һѡǰѼеΪ˽ڵһЩ״ǰ˽ȥ޾ϸһϸĴǳԷöȣƽʱһЩΪ̬ȣоֹһУд׵ġ
һ˵˾ƵɫԺÿһЩ
Ǹɫ˵Ůֵôģ

ôĹôĲŮˣôûһء
ְҶ˵ˣһͨѾͷ㿴ĸѾͷҰģܴһ˵ˣһֱǱЩ׷˵У֮ɣûӴԾ;˼ֻǱϵĽޡȴ֪˼ҵ˵ġ
˾ˤӣڵһжǺõġˣҲĪκΡķôˣ
ᵽ¶˾ຣҲ
֪ǰڹĺƵĽɽҲûٶһɻġĽ޵£Ҳֻ˵̽ǺȴһֱûӦҲ֪ǲĽ޵µȰ˵̽Ľɽ
ֵʹҲǰٰ㲻⡣
⳯͢Ʊ仯ˣ˭Ҳ֪δô
ȿŰɣĽ޵һ¹ͣҶҪ
ǺǣҪ˾ຣΪȻôҪҲȥʮĲáͣ㻹õʮŻã⼸꣬ҲֻһЩɳˡѽǵΪ͹Ȱ
ᵽ飬˾ຣʾԹ˭˵ĵϵεֵǼõģ
ģĺ۵ĺô
СȻеСģΪ˻ǲʱ£η棬Ҳǲ۹ˡһ棬ҲŻеΪ
˾ЦЦƳһۣһλǿáвٵ¶ԼģҲ̫˴ءҲǣ˼ҵŮˣ˻Ŀǲء
˾ຣЩǰһѣ֣Ͱϴӡˣˣȥæ顣լһЩˣǳ紦˵ĺá
֪ȥɡ
ֵߺ󣬰߳һ̫ࡣλվǶһӰһ
Ӱ˵Ժǲǲôã
ƽǴġദס
Ӱ˻Ƶɤ̶ǣȴļϲ
ţӰǻ˵լǰˣ㶼˶ˡ˴ΣǲһȺȺ֮ŪɾҲôõϷˡ
ǣϡ
˺˾Ƶɫ΢䡣
һ΢СѾͷȴֱ޻ҪܸɡߣܵģҲҪˣϣֻҲַġ
һһߵĴӦ顣⣬վǶĹ죬ŵĲһš
ĽɽԽķˡ
׼ﻮô飬ۿҪ빬һλ¡ǣĽ޵µ̽ȴ˵񲢲ǲ֪ġ
ң˵ֻλǺаյġȻôǸ֪Լһ̽ڷء
岻գĽɽǰԼε˾˽
һε飬Ǿ٣ǲ٣
˾ͻȻ䳤Ҿڵء
˾Ϊٵĺá
ŶǰǺ޳ɾµģ
Ľɽһ
£ǰ˾ľã١ǣȴΪˡһֱһĹǾõǸ֮ʵ֤񲻽֮ңһб˲š¿ƻǷϣҲսƵͳ£ҲԽİңĺƽľҲڲúǴʱ˳Ӧλ£иͷǣˣֻ»ǻվʥϵһ߰
£˾ԼĹпһһ
˾ߺĽɽԥһ󣬺ݺݱŵ۾һ
²ΪǾɡ
һĺƽһ죬һ죬ٳõ̫ǵּýʺһù硣ԭһѰּ⣬Ȼȴ
һ󣬱ʾ˰̫ˡ
Ȱҡ
ԳΪһλܻһһֱαװС˵˼аǰһ˺ϵαװߡ
һߣҪˣеѶȵġ
ҡ
˿Ǹĸˣȫɫ΢䡣ȷʵǹģǣȴαװ˻ʺߵ̫ࡣɣͲò˼浽кβ֮ˡ



ڶʮ£ԺԽ

Ȼ˶ô۲ϸ΢ġҲв˵ʺױҲıȻǰ
һȺڱ̧ʱȴⷢǰеĵطǹ档ȥ˹治֪δҪʱȴЩ˲֪һЩʲôֻһţ˾͸ŻԲѡ
Ϊ׼ѡ壬ҲŴ롣ңĻǹܹ̫һԵò˵Ǻ︮ӵġ
һλ˵ʱȴȻ̫˵ǼɤӵġȻһλɤȴǼЩ˾ùֱŤġ
ڵͷʱȴⷢλܹܴ˵°ڣһ簵ɫģѪһĴڡһ۲죬ɫ΢䡣
뵽ǰԺԼһλй·Ըһ󣬱Ҫȥױȥү
ֻǣȵҪʱȴ֣ⷢһԺűˡ
Ǻ˼
ǰѯʡ
ȴǼɤ˦˦ʺһεּ̫֪С㻹ǻȥա
ֻ˵仰˾¶ͷĺۼ⣬ȷǹʺ̵ˣ
ɫ΢Զˡתȴ˰ѼλȫһӵصдԽȥһصҲǰԷһġһȴó
ȵһ˼ȥҪ̽ѯϢǸϺ֪ǵ̬ˡ
һ˸ϵԷʱҲһ˰Ǽ̫Ʒʱ
Ǻã
˲䣬Ĺǡǰ򶨣ȴһֱҲ֪Ҫźá
ǶȻ侲վţһҵ˴ɽĸо
Ī£Žһ£ػᰲȫȹġ
üҲһֱŵġһ̺үһЩҲŷǰмλҲҪ̫ȥġǱƷ˼̫һǾͰ
һһҲĺܡʱ½еԷһ۰ͰͿ
¶㿴ҪǴ
ȿڡʱҳһ顣
ʧѰĵ˶µġ
Īţæű顣ģҲֻǸˡҪģֹЩǰνȥˡǸԺܷԱȫҪѾͷӣСˣԱӦǮĶҪвеģǺүӦĽƶȡʱλҪ֡ǳܲδ˵ҴţڴһЩ˶Ž
һᣬԺԭŵ˽Ҳȫ˳Ǹ
أҵĺһԱȥѸ滹еռȫͻȣһкüʱҪػΪģǲΪңȫԼͺǵͣеȫҳҵõװʱ򶼲Ҫˡ
Ժ˿㷢ҲŶ
һʱ䣬ĽݺүĸԺǣ˶ǰĻԺŵ棬Ǿͻѣһ˿ͻȳԶ
²
ڵϣһŻƼҽװǰ˵Ҫвӻʺּߡ
ţš
ǳʱڣλ뿪ǵĵˡ
ԺŵҲǺܽŵġ
Сѯʡһǻʹˣǲǻܵ
⼸λҲ֨ˡ£˭Ҳ֪ĻǼٵġ
һֿʼԥվǻҪʱ򣬷ͻѡһ˽š
ˣλû֨ǳʱ䣬ϢһЩ飬ǳϹ²⣬ǻšһ£ජһУʱʵĵ˵ֻһС檣ֻûŵġ
ǰԺһִһ󣬻Ƕ֡һںȳĩ󣬱ƴǰҪǿйš
Żѣʯ
ʱһѹǰ
⿴
ţЩ꣬ҸΪ˶ǽܼҲ빭֮ǰΪ㣬ҪѧЩġ
ãһȺ־ָӡ
һ̵ڳҲ԰жǣʱ⸣ŵǰֵǣҲǰ
нһУȫǸġ˸ǿԹţҪǾ͵ֵԸǽ죬ү



ڶʮ£ûϢ

Ҫ̤үʹĽ
ֵǣǱЧүʱˡ
Ѿġ
ˡ

һȺѪڵеĻǣһȺŵǳĬˡʱͷϵλȡ
ЩеļҲȫǵĺ֮ǡ
νĺ֮ǣ˭ô¡սǾ͵׼죬ǰѲóǸǣеļˣõƵİŵġ
ãֵǣ⸮һ񣬾ȫˡ
һ¡ת㱨
ԺһָҪȥȻ˵㿹ּӡ
ȥ
ʱ˭Ҳ÷СĵߣĽ޵ûгֵʱ⸮İΣȫȺ
ҹУǰԺܣбһҹү⽣Ӱòװ˵ڶǣһֵĹһοʼ
ܵԺǽҲҪһ˴ӽһĻᱻˡ
һҹߵƣۣȴұ۾
ֻΪʱүûָӡλǵֻŸȥϢһ󡣺Ҳ̴̺ˣһڵĵط
ǰһֱڣҲ𣬶ǴһȺҪôչŸĺǡǴˣȥչ˵һȺǡ
ҲʱſһλϷˣҪȱļλҪ侲ࡣ
ѹ֣ԺһֱںԺˣûмˢӣôܳء
Ĵָ򣬸ĹǡҲʱȥԺҸֿԳ䵱ĶʵǣһһҹսѸһЩķѵĲˡ
Щɽˡܲȫˡ
ЩͣҲʱЧ
Ҳÿ˻ѵ͹ܱЩһһεĹֻǿϧǣЩͣҲ̫ˡȥֻǸƴⲩ
ô찡ȥҪ˵ġǰ˻ָҪ׽㣬о㡣
ЩһҹսҲƣۡ
ǣһֱиʣǾôءңָҪ׽һôᱻָ
Ǻǣʲôսأ
ˣǵĺ棬вٵϡͣٻһЩүڼһЩҩ˵һ˻᲻У

ס˼ҩ
ԵģǾҩЩҩϡ棬ǰֻΪûˡȻǻȵҩϷӹЧʤʱ򡣡
ص۾Ҳѩ
԰ôû뵽үǰŪЩҩǰүڸЩеġЩҩº͵ġ
Ͻȥ׼ϡ࣬ȥҩ
ǰĽ޵ʱµʱ򣬱ʦǽһЩ񡣶УҵƽĶҩ񡣰Ľ޵µ⣬ҪⶾǾ͵䶾ȻҪôⶾΪƽʱڼʱĽ޵¾ܻƲٵҩˣЩҩʹ滰һ棬Ůһߵ˿ֲըһĴڡ
ҲʱһЩЧáôһӵĸɫҩҲ֪Ҫôá
ԣͰѸҩȫһ
ȫǶҲ֪ôģȫʱһЧİɡ
ȵҩҲǱߣʼϡ
һһζʮϡ౻͵ǰʱ򣬺ү棬Ҳɵˡ
ʱЩʲô
ǿʼѲʳһһġÿһ涼ҩٽȣǣЩæװȥסڽӴʱһҪСģЩȫǶ

ȫƤһ㡣
Щǰˣ
ţĿǰֻ⡣ȵҩЧӳٿЧ
ԸЩЧɡ
ףһһλ½
ôˣ뷨ߵϱҲûһѾͷ㣬Σʱ򣬻ܲϵӦ䡣ĶҲ͡ϧֻһﰡ
ͷҲǶһ˲󣬱ʧӰΪһֵĹһε
ڣﲻˣǽҪǿ
˶ǰԺʱȴһϢ
һˣȥӭǵĵ
һ󣬱ȴҪǰȥ˱mֻͷĽݸĸλǱ߲ϢǾʹŸˣ˵Ǽõȥɡ



ڶٰʮ£ҩӦ

ȥɡ£ȴʱΪ֪ȥǱ߿ƻΣաﲻܳ£һˣүᷢġ
£û̺þү
Ҫ
ҪȥȴݺһɣһŻģүһҲģǶغԼλá
ǣ
¡زΡ
һӵŮǣ޷˳ȥµССĪģȻľ塣
ңҺݺݵҹȥ
ԶһȺų˻ںݺݳһˣָ˰ЩҩĶЩȥ
ޣҲܹСƤͦˮİүһֺֺǣû¶꽻һҲаֻҪԹ缸϶Ϊ˵ġ
԰԰˵үһλƯˣӣǸﰡ
Ƽ˲䣬Ϸ˵
ֻЦתٶһЩЩ˶ϡ͡
СƤ紵һס
㻹˻ʮأɣһ𳪰
԰ôĺأ
ʹʹˡ
ôˣ볪裬໣ۡ
ŶҺ˧Һ˧˧˧˧˧
ұСŶҲҲҾȻүˡ
үģŮˣӴ򡣡
찡ɾĲҵˣˡ
ˣѾİҵŮɶ˼ޣ̬Ѱ
ǣˡ

оһ˲Ĺֳе˶ű˸̬Ĵڡ
һˣǸңǸֺΪ
ģӵܶŹֵľٶ
ػ˿һȺɵˣһʱȫˡ
⣬ôˣ
ĳײ⿴ԶȺʡ
Ҳһ±ƣҲֻ֪֪һȺͻȻͷˣʧˡеڲϵɱˣеڵֱ̬Ķеģ룬Ҫˣ
֪ˣ֮ǰõҩ
η
ʱһλ˵һֱںլӼӲվǶ
ûܴϿһɫ
ֻãԽĸĪ⣬ˡ
£ʱģֱڸֽˡ
֪Щҩ˵˰
ֻŰЩҩõû뵽ȴˡ
ҪģһһǣȻǲˡ
ͨҩľһֱ̬»õĶ
ҩµġǶҲ޷ķҩ
ɡһֻСܣСѽСܣҰɣҪɡ
ǸһֱѧܽеˣĬĬתⳡôһ˵ð
ԶػǿӾˡλ̫ˣԭθôأ
˿ԶǲһУҪ˵ˡ§һªˣһֱӣŮСģС˳ª񹲷ߺôƫƫ˻һܼӡǿק˼ҵĿӡƣ˵Ĳݰ
ת䣬ת䰡벻ת䡣
ʱǰԺºͨš
ǵһָ̧ŲԶһȺڸ̬ĸɫŮ
ŶҪ˵һȺ˵ı֣ǴԲ˵ˡǰԺɻȫ
ȫȫĺܣһ޷ٷܶˡΪǶڸԷܶԼϲ顣
˵¶˷ɬ
ǰ˵ı֣̫Źˡ
ס˷ܵ۾ڷŹ⡣
ţأһҲ˲ٵĺϷ
ʹʹ
ʱ˼ţ˵ڵأںݺȥײԶʯͷľٶһΰ˾סˡ
ǣ
Ǹˣ㿴Ǹˣ˰
ͻȻָŲԶһˣԼ鰡
ס۾ٿˡǸһֱЦţϵĿԼƤ۾١һõڳһ˲ֱӵĿ
Ŷºˡ
˵䣬˻ڡ
Ѫܵģ˼ҿĳ˿ĸҹ³ˡ
֣תԸ
£׼һȺҹǵóԵġ
Ŷǣȥ׼
ȻſѪܵĳеԲ·ǣԸ£ǵ
ΪЩҩԭ򣬴зҲܽ
һЩõˣԼͬ³ҲŵľתܵԶԶġ



ڶٰʮһ£ҹ

ţţˡ
ûзƣǲῪŵġ
ǡʱ˴Ⱥ߳
Ƿ
ǷʡǴ˷˵ǰүġ
оŹӵȻѲȴǰչ˺úүġ

Ⱥ߳
վߴһȺɺ󣬳ߵ˵ͷŽɣǷҵˡ
ǾŹġ
ºˣŹǰ֤һ¼Դˡ
˾
ÿÿǺүˣү˵ˣ˭ҶԺүΨʡ
һӱǰ
ǸźƵıʱүӯ
һ£İȫˡ
ţˡ
Աȴǰһڣֱεˡ
ڣڿȱҲƽкá
úãֻǣ̫ѽҵ˯һ˵
˵䣬һλҹһһҹˣȻҲŵؾ˯
Ҳ֪ǲӦ
˵ȥмλ̣Ѿͷӵĸŵȥ
ˣҲ۵ĲаҪ˯ˡ
Ҳ˯
һµģ˵ȥеľ͵ضԣеģǹЦţҲ˯ǣȴҲѽ
ǰӶ۾˶ˡǲˣ;ϸ첲ȵģˡ
λǿȥϢˡ
ǰķˣкүҵˣһȺбҲǰԳԾѡ
һȺڸ̬ʱǴһ
⣿
оǿˣǰ͡
ЩǸŪġ֪ǺҩЮЩ棬һ˾ͱԡ

˲֪Ǻˡ
ү˸־壬Ѱ˼ţһλĪҪմǵĺá
һ̣үĸλİԷģԺĪҪһȺĺáϾ̫ˡһСľʹһץڸֲ˵ľٶĴڡĿ
ȣ˺Ͱ̾ѡǣȴ͸η塣ģСүǸµģһһĻ
ͬģүˣҲǾġ
һĻǱŵ
ģȴͰ񵱳һͻһĴڡ
֪Լ˺ˮ޴ڵ˯ĸ𡣶˲֪ǣ˯źһˣ
Ǳ뵽ķ䣬ڿʱͻȻסӣϢ󣬾ֱ˾ߡ
ӣݸҡ
ǡǡĽ࣬ǡǡþײǿ
ĽЩѧ˲ٵĽҲʱЯŽһͲ
񲻶ϸ񵲡ǲаٸǰһͱ
ǺǺǣеֱͱȥǸȱһҲô
һ𡣽ţ˵Ӱֳ
ҲȴɾײһĻżһıһ³ɺӿһо͸ų̼̿͡
һ˲źá
ƺû뵽һлһʱǶͰ§ĸ
ٷϻÿһεĿľˡ
뿪
Ҫ°ߣĽ༱С
˭֪⸮Ǻеλġ
Ǳү֪ˣǺô
һ룬Ľ಻һУӣС
һΣһУȴǾֱһɨɨڵأ
š
ؿ˽šҲǡǡʱѹ
ǿԴվл㡣
ؿƲ죬ںˡ
񵭵һЦվһ߿Ķӣķǽһȥ
ˣң
Ŷǽ˵ɡ
ؿЩꡣŮİôȴæ
ĵķ꣬񵭵һЦʵĳԹ
Ůˣôһֱھ᲻ء
Ǹֻ˵ԺﾾһϸղײǷֻ۸ĺǶΪʡ
ϸء
һ£Ҳû˼˯ˡ
ղ˯²þڼǰԼңĿȷİܣɼһε¼ֻҵġؿ˵˲㱻ߡ⵽ЩҰ
£˸ϽǰԺȥ
˻ڰչŸĴСǣмԵ˾ڣдڣҲֻŻֵ̿۾
ѸԺˣȫȴӼӲ𡣡
һŲ飬ǺһڡȵһɫʱžȻ֪ģҹ



ڶٰʮ£Ƽ

Сţôˣɻת
ǣƱá
˶ڽ״̬С
ֵϣʱʱľ䶷
ǶڱŽ׶Σû˸ҳšڽֵϵˣɱ۾һ˾ͻɱ
ʱҲһһЩ˸ˡ
һȺˣҪôڰܣҪôǱ˾ڿСǽлӣ·˼ұһ˱žͻֱлףĸΡ
ｻŵķӣǽлӣҲûٳֵһʱ䣬Ϊһŵգֱһ˿Ťܡ
Ϣһ֮ҲõһЩϢ
в¶ʮλҷСǱȥ棬һȥ˺δ
ڹУںδǺүڻرź򸮡
˶ǺүڱŸǣȴǵǲѡ
ǰйĽɽ췴ϢҲʱšĽ޵ûлع飬ĽɽĳֵʱһʲôܶС
ӣүܡ˶֪ǹʱ
ǽߣʱʱľźɱ
ֱһвƽϢ
Ҳһ죬һǰ
СߴϵȫѪ۵ţһаãֻǾүڹ渨ϡүҲƽЩ
һ仰ʱһӷֻһɣԭһֱվȵȴҲסš
ظϽַסҽȥϢɡôãʱϢˡ
ţȥ˯һ˯˯һٰű񡣡
ڣҲȥ˯үһкϢʱ
ֱһĵ󣬵һ˰ߵһαң˲ٵļҶ
һˣǳǰ棬ˡ
һֳȫ̬۷˵ʱڳˡԣǵ飬ҲҪץʱ䴦ġ
ųĺܳءһ棬Ҳв⸣ŵˡ
˵һεıүܻڣģֻһЩϵĲмˡ
棬һ⡣
үһλ˴ѰȻûг׵߽⣬Ǵ˴¼òӺӦǸĲֵǮĶ˳ˡ
ڰ⻹ǺõءûƼĲٸöฮ治ǮûˣҲûءкöĸ棬˵ƯѾͷ°˲ء
飬һ¼ôӻҪ°ƯѾͷˣ
˭֪һξһЩƯСѾͷҲ°ˡ֮ҳŰɣ˴ε飬˾÷˼ء
Ҳǣһˣ˵ңҽˣֻҲвٰءƽϢˡôİ
ڵ⣬Ҳ˵ʡҪ֪ϻᣬǣһȴ˹͢䡣
ɼһε¼ҪôǻʺģҪô̫Ūġ
һˣȴû
Żȴ˯һߵġ߻ǳ侲İŸһӦһ˴Ҵææ˵˼仰󡣲Ҵӻóһ
ɫ䣬ӹſţȻŭ̧ͷʱһƽʱˡеģֻŤķŭ
ڣֻ˭ȥģİãΪʲô˵һˣ
һʳֳ˶ˡ
ҲǼΪ
ôģ
ԭ̺̣
۾۽ˡ
̡̱˶ţ޴ָˡ
⼸췸˯ĺܣȫɩڴЩ顣˵˵һӦ񣬻ǺôġҶϢҲ֪¶ͳ
Ķš
ɫ䡣ݺݵһ̡ǸҲȥġû뵽©
һ˰ľҪҹ
̡
һλð˽ȻǮ̣Ժ˭Ϊ˸˭ΪĽݸѪһ棬ƴغļҶǵİöҪ̣ҲԶˡڣǲϸ죬ĲġҲ롣ҪүҪүʹȥȫƽʱΪ˴¡Ȼû취Ӳȥ
ľһ
һףã£ͽȫȨҲͳһʱһ顣ηǳʱ䣬ƿŸ˵ȣķԸ¡вģ㲻
ûим㡣෴ĻȻĺܡ



ڶٰʮ£Σ

Ųյֽ˽Ѿͷ
ڣܵϵΣһѾͷ˵Ǽҫ顣ֻǣ˴ΣѾͷµĲðչ飬΢ģ޷ڡ
⻰ڲŵͷţĹҲӦġҸһ˵ˣ˭ԸģǾͼҷ̺򡣡
ã⻰ҿɵðѼҷŪˡӻ
һߣڵĹЦ
ȴʱһβ䣬֪һҲ˴˹ʧǲҲԼҷã
ɫһӾͱˡ
һߣλ̫̫ǺǺǳ
񲻽
ҷҷһͬʣǶ˭ԶչˣңѾͷȷʵ޷ȥ
ңӦġĲˣ˾Ǹ˵ƿ񽻸˵Ρ˵㣬̯ӡ
ңûԲ˵ġƿһʱ䡣Ҳ˵̯ӵʱ򣬾š
ȵ˵ʱԻӡǺǣò˵ϳɾ㣬Ǻš
ϧǰĶˡֻĽ޵µļ񡣸ǣԸǰһ۸һССѾͷڵֻҪĻš
һЦããûˡѾͷӦ²ŶԡţʱɾҪˣĺˣԺҸֹ͵¶ء
΢΢һ֪۹ͣһ̹ҲһʹͰ˼ңˣ㲻ô
ǺǣѾͷԵΪ˵󣬱ɫһ䡣ôƼҵĵһ飬Ǵһεİ¼£Ҫϸ̲飬˭Ǹӷ£ҲҪسԳͽˡ
һ˵ļɫ
ûڴʱСһλֻΪͨµɱݲСơ
ԵЩ顣
ǣǿԶŷ˵ļӡת󣬱㿪ʼѵµˡ
Сһ㣬Ҫһ˱ˣҿôŪ
ˣҲԸⰡֻǣ˭һ죬ŰѴ»㱨ȥء
飬ظҰá
ˣҪôǴð
ǡʱɤ
ŵ㣬ôģ
ԺôҲ˵ģǣô᲻ĽһԼѾͷǵĻ˽ȥ
񲻼죬㲻ӦùĵǣôܰһûƽϢȥôô󲢲Ҫ
̵ɫ˺ü䣬һЦУ֪˼ˣôţ
Ǻǡ
񵭵һЦһߵǣЩɲܳԶʳ
ֻһ仰ЦţȷʵҲҵ˰ˣӶһ
ҲԸȥصͷ飬ͿѾͷˡˣֱŤ͵ȥɡ
ɶʲô˼ҶҪһˡ
˵̲ŻȻ׹
ˣթңСˣҸƴˡ
ٿͷ䶢Ѿͷ΢¼ǣô΢¼һھûЩƴҵļҶǵѪǮأݸţα޳ܣǮҲ̣ţ˷ϵʳѡ
ؿŭҲǰԳԾ
Ǹˡ
Ҳֻûдĵ߶Ѱ
ĽݸˣΪ̰ûҶİ͵ãмҷáĽݼ˵ӣһλ컵ˣǱشʮ
ȻûҲһϢֻ£ʹڼ°ġ
Ҳ˵ӴԺҲʹ˷ϵˡһ̰ûǮķˣǴҷˣĳ£ŮҲΪˣļλС㣬˻˻飬ԼĻԼү˼죬о޹⡣滨ƵصһҲȥ֣ʵڸû¾ˡ
˼˵ĲˣҲԽء
λĽݸתҲǼġ
ūǹµĸѹ˵飬Ҳ⸮Ƶз
һ죬λ۸ŪСѾͷСǵţµģҲڸʾڣԼҷ֮иĹԱȫһ亹
󷿵ļ£ķݹµģһһ𣬿ű˴˹Ļͷģ˶ҡͷ
ְӣԽùء
ǲùŵİǰһЩ˳ء
ĸصĺһˡǣôһܼءǺ֣ǵһа



ڶٰʮ£ˮ

ǵһУû˵ĸ棬һƼҵĸ˾İ
ɲô
˱˴£໥ſˮ
˵ôôأһЩϸ΢С¶дȫ˵ŵڿȴ⸮ҲвٵĵĸģҾûء
˼λǰһģǸСѾͷ˵Ѿͷλģ⸮棬еطһӦܲôѽҲǻõù˼ŵĲˡһǲôͷҲֻڸȨơ˵ˣүڵĵλأҳڤҲǼġ˵ˣӵλãǸ˳ôԷһλǵòõġ
˼ݹµЩˡ
ҵ˼ܼ򵥣ЩµģŽλŪȥȻһȺˣɾ޷֮ˡߣһССѾͷӣܰһôˣΰɡ
˻㱨ĵۣҪҪھȥϻץ㣬ǻͷ˰ɡ
ֻǹƽĴ¡һʱͽҲһЩūš
ЩΪֱԩίūǣﰲļáӣһūǳûδǣһ¹ȴϣ
ãҪִǾְɣûһθĸɫȫһ޳һһʰ˲Ǹ徲ô⸮棬ԤУǴ˼ˡ֮ǰ⸮ŪĸɾһЩҲĽݼҵķչкô
İľҪ뿪ˡ
һĽ޵½СšҲ֪ү˵Щɶ˵һҪ뿪˰ɡһ룬Ҳ׿Ľᡣ
Ҫ뿪ˣԾͷȥɡ
ƼҵʱĽɽظˡƣ͵˵ȴʮ㡣Ȼһĺ룬ǣصλү˰һѽ
һϷeǵʥϰģĹĽݸһ
һѡ
Ķ䣬Ľݸ˶ϲ
Ҫ֪黢ܵõһζ䣬˵һ촥ŭ˻ʼңҲһĻᡣ
ԭҪ̸һġһλүȴ̫ˣһ¾˯
һ˯Ҿҹ
ȵòĸһ̸
ĸףǰӲʡһҵһ㡣˭Ľݸĺۣ磬飬Ƕϲ̵ġ
Źȵֲ˲ǺһЦţҶ˵ļǡ
ǣͷ˲䣬ڵϻһ˿ǳ˰һӹ˻ʼҵѪ١һЩ飬ҲԸٹ˼ˡ
ĸѸߣܰƿظ齻Ѿͷ¼סԺĸ׻ǶںԺصĺãķ飬ĪҪϲĵĺá
ҪԼĴȨˡ
ֱˤˡ
̧ͷۿĽɽɽЩ飬ĪҪݵĺá˵Тģĸ׺ֻǣһҲܹ˸ֻ£˻ڵĲء
ĸЩͷ׵Ŀ죬̫ڲЩ¶ԣãЩĸ׻ĪҪٹܹ˵ĺáϻøһôȻôɳ
ĽɽһҲ졣һ£ǳ׵ˡĸ⽩ֲµʱԺȴһصĿ
үүû취˰СǶûȥء
һͲϵĿֲݡ
Ľɽɫৰף֣˭ֵģ̸֪ô
ȴǺǺһЦɽЩɶ˵ɡ˵ˣ⸮氡ӣЩʱ黹ǲðء
ڸĽɽĽݸ棬治ȱͿϡȻƾһȺ۵ˣðֵʰء
ĽɽȻܣ˰˷Ž
һŽӴιǺϷеư
ôһˣ
һȺС£Ľɽɫѿߵڣɪ
֪ЩСӼܲסҪˡǺǣҪ㣬аһ֧һ㡣һá
ڶżӣһλµģкԩúöģҸү˵ǻֵֿģĪһȺūţˣĺͿˣ



ڶٰʮ£ү

Ϊ׵ݹ¿Ĩأıȡ
ڰԩˡʵܲȥ°
һλܹ£Ͻ󣬡ү󣬻ڣǰѶ˷ųƿɡһѾͷλƿŸһӦһūûˣСǳȥûĺš˼ҶôЦĽݸģ
һߵһλµĸϽ񡣺߾ͽǰ㱨ү㲻֪СǳȥǱ˳ЦĶءЩ¶үһСһ£֪ˡˣԴ֪⸮һλѾͷλﵱҺһ˵Ľݸˡ˵ǣүҪүסΪүִŶа
Ǿǣ˵˵ġûһǺĻеģүĸףֻ¡
һ˻Ҫ˵ȥĽɽȴڵվ
ڵЦݸˡ
λɲҪλġǳΣѵʱ򣬻е⸮ĴСҲǳѾͷߣĲˡǣĲŸǣҲҪ֮һˡȥԼɲ̫ԣʱ⸮Ȩƣٻջ
үǸѾͷĪҪ̫飬ȥͺáһūǣС¶ҲҪֺү浱үеĺ𣿡
һӦūǣȴǸϽͷڰģ˵飬ĪҪٺָɵˡҪôͰѶ˷ųҪôͻָһѡѡһʵƼҵԱźðǰָһѾͷƼңͽЦ̸
£ǲֻܰŵʱĸһӦ̫ˣԾѰ˼Ѿͷƿš⸮İɣҲ̫áչ飬ֻǸѾͷӴ£ȥԻٺúôġһūС¶Ժݵֺүһ˵ϣһξͲٳͷȡԺٷɾٲŹˡ
ǣ˴֪ūǵһƬİѽѪʲôС¶ܾŲţǰҲֻһūӴô¶ء
ǰү㲻֪һǹġ
һ࣬˵ĲֺġĽɽҲȵڵҪ뿪Ľɽȴǰһڡ
ţ°һȥ
¸Ͻǰү˵
⸮һӦ񣬻ǹѾͷƿš˭ߣԼҷãҲԣֱӳˡһ㱨£үߵ˷ĴҲһһͬʡ
һ仰νʵڵĴڣһȺµ
Ȼȥǰλ˵Ļһλȥ˵ġȻôشĸıء
ɫࡣһֱˣĽݸһУأǷһѾͷλ˹ءڸ£ҪջˣĽɽˣҲȥ⸮滹кελԡһ뵽ھͳļλµĵ˸
үүеİǸ˶ЦˡūǷûġǣǳȥҪ˼һЩү˼ջһɡ
ǰүٷչȥǸ棬ɾҪ˳Цء
үū飬ϲٷȥˡүջسūšūžײںүǰ
һȺ̬ūǣĽɽ˹
ããõĺšһȺūţȻҸ󾡳ڻҪñջسǣʲôĽݸ浱˼ʮĲͿ꣬ͿӦĽݸǵһӦȨˣǿЦ˵ǸѾͷʱ򣬿ǣһūţǸѾͷλʱǿǵĹµλãҲЩūλġǿ˼һΪβԣǿЦĺܣһūſУһСѾͷˣǵĹߣ
ǲһ̣һ˶ܸܵĽɽеķŭԭһλүǲܣǣһֱԸʰǰˡ
Ҳʱ˲ʶ
棬һ˵
ԴĽɽع⸮񣬻з򣬾ͿʼءϧһūǣϰߵڵհԣûµƣҲ˽١



ڶٰʮ£ǵ³

үү㡭
ɽ˵Ѿͷλ飬ڣȥˣ㰡Ƿǰ棬ĪҪ顣
ĽɽȴЦԼĸףһ˴뱲ӰҲڲ֪ʵ⸮飬治С¶ǴĲãһǰƴΣ
ĺԺһңƴһУΪѣ飬бҪǺլǰƴѹû˼ԱүҪģǰĽݸĺԺһֵεǣǰһ̬ҷչ
ڵɫ׵ĺˡڳ׵İȨǣγȥģôأ
ֻ
һȺĶūǡ
Ľɽ۾ݺݵһȺūţŵһȺȫ䡣
˲鲻ϽǰҪȣүүūǴˣүŹүŹ
ˣһȺūȫȥʮ壬еĹ񡣴˵ȣȫȥ֮ũׯ졣ʲôʱˣֵĲˣٷŻίµְ෴ĲãǾׯ԰ɡ
еĹһ̱˶ڵ
˱ŵʱ򣬻ڴš
үүҪŹ
үҲˡ
ڣҳϵ˰ôͷǲӴ
˵ĻĽɽЦˡݵĿͿϡ
ĸףͿңչļΪ
һᵽԼң
ɽ£ĸ׼ΪչѽӴȥҿô˵˵ȥĽݼҵ̫ˡ
߿࣬һܵӡ
֪ģǺ˵ˡ
ǣ˽ˣȴ֪һλɲˡ
Ǻĺܡ
ڣǾ仰ڸȻأǲô
˵꣬ĽɽתٴηԸˡ
ˣȥҪҪԸ
ɫ΢䣬Ľɽʲô
һѰ˼ţŲȴҲûͣġ
ǣֻһһµʹ˸
߰Եͷ
һͱ˹
ү
Ľɽǰ˱Ȼ˶Ҳò̾ԼǸӣиġӵһ˶Ҳ֪ôܵġ
츮ǵ̬ȣӦ˽˰ɣ
غүʵǰҾ֪ˡ񲢲Լ֪顣
Ľɽ
ԣһε±䣬Ǳڰ¶šٿү̬ȡһټõ·緶治֪һССѾͷôͳɳģġ
غүֻӦģңΪЩҪȥǲԸ⣬Ҳò¡
ţѾͷ˵ļǡЩ飬ԸΪҲǻȥΪˣҲǱҪԵһЩΡ
ĽɽԸ⣬һλС檶˵һЩֻΪ˵ʵҲͦġ
үѾͷǰز˵һЩ̾Ļɣ
ʳʱĽɽȴͻȻ־һӳȥ
ۡ
ү
һūƨ
һ۵ūţԳԾ
ĽɽüҲ塣
ūȥι
ǣү
Ӧ
ūȥһһѪĽ
غүѾá
ţ
ȵ뿪Ľɽۿ
أСҲͨúǻᱻĵط⸮ϣܰáǵʱ䣬ֻµʱˡ
ǣүǲ첻
Ҫδɾ
⣬ĽɽٿһЦ˲䣬Цݾͱ
Ǻү˵ĻΪֹȻˡ㱨˵вٶȫһЩͨƷ
Ĵ󾪣⣿
һ򸮵ļҲأжٵǮ
ңвٻǻʼʹġ
һȥôүҲʹˡ
ʱãĽɽǸԼʩѹġ
үôҪ飬㻹ǽиɣ飬Ѿͷ
ǿԴ飬һѾͷĪҪմǵĺá
Ǻǣ㵱򸮵Ƽôõģʱ䣬÷вٵ飬ҲҪϤȻԺ滹һңûôľȥ
һҲصĶҲҪ̽ȻֹǱҪ£ǺкүˣҲøᰡ



ڶٰʮ£ɽӴͼ

͵ĶǲⷢҲ˵ġ
ү֮ã˵ʼҵĶ֪жٵ
һȥǾµĴڡҪģүһֱдţ˵̫ʱһɽһ𣬾˵Ͻססһף͸˺ү˴ţ״һ𣬻һĴϢ͸¶˵ǱصĵطҲ˵¹Ŵ۴Ȼû֤ʵǣЩҲδǿѨġ
˵⸮л̫үµһɽӴҲ֪ǲģ
ѯʡ
һ׶ԻʼȻǲ̫ˣҲΪһ״ԵʣĽݸһֱĿ࿴šһ𣬾˵о¼룬һԵʵġǺԭȴö֪ˡ
΢ݣһɽӴǱҪ׷ġȻȻвɱֻҲĽݸá
ĽɽصͷΪһԵʣҲŲòѣ⸮棬治ǰȥǶһЩܾãЩľֹԽĲԾˡͬǶӣҲ̫
Ȼҡͷ
ٶ˵Ҳ˽⡣
һλүʵҲǺܲʵġ
ͬĽݸӵܣǣֻ۰ߡԵģȫ̫ġ
Ժŵ˵Ľݸ߷֮⣬ƺбĶŮǿõӡһ㣬ĸоĽɽͱˣҲĸоֻǣǰ̫ԣڣȴԽˡ
үػġвΪ֪Ҳδһʱү㱨͸¶ȥ
Ľɽͷţô棬㿴ŻǴϻ۵ġȥ°ɣ£ֻɹʧܡ
á
һһֱ˼һ⣺ΪʲôֻһӻһŮáĴһģȴһ
ת˸ͷʸʱ˹
ֻ֣һĸ׵ݣվԼĶŮ¡˵һĸףжŮãֻԼСŮõô£ҶˣҲǵֻһԶŮáԵĶŮǽҲãҲգʲôͳͳνڣЩϱĲ𣿡
һЦ֣Ȼ֮ˣƫ֮ġǣ̫ԵƫģԵ̫Ծˡ
Ϊʲôأǰ˼⡣
̧ͷһĸסֻкһԶŮԼġȻô˵Ĳ
ǣһʼͲģ˵ȥ
ü
⣬ͿôǺүأ
һ˵ȥ
кβܵġϡŹֵǣʱҲ֪Ҳǡ֪һ˽һȤĹ¡
˵һ˼ңΪǼ˵㳤мФơΪ޵ĲãһͿԼǸٻĽ㣬˴ġ
Ŷģ¡
ǺǣΪмơȻãǽ㱣ĺáʮꡣĿţҲǲġ
ѽı֮˾Ϳʼװе㲡ٻصĸ棬һ𡣳һķ򸾣ȻûзáҲ˵ǷˣҲٹܹˡϾõᣬɫ
ºһֱԽݻţΪһӡǺײǰһ͵飬ֻ»ᱻײԭίء
۾ֱˡ
ԣʵһݣǿصġϺүҲȥ˺ܾáǡ˵ǣϺүʱʵŮ˾Ǹٵĺүˣôү֪ˣ֪ͨߵأ
ֻ֪ͨܲڲ齣ҿڲԣֲдġ£Ҫٸ߱ˡ
ĸŮһӾˡ

ԣϺүһֱһүĹŶһɡһŶ棬¹Ϻүݵڡ
⸮ϺүһֱѰһүµĹŶ
ֻǣôȥϺүȥпʮˡΪֹûҵһŶΪˣֻãǺү˶Ժү⡣ԲҪҵµĹŶڣȴ뵽ǣһŶֻ¹̫ŵݡ
һҪҵһʧٵɽӴ˵Ϻүڸʱһ״ʧˡΪֹϺүҲһֱѰǡʲôܣҲֻһ״ˡ



ڶٰʮ£

˵Ҳ֣ϺүĪľзˣȻͲ˵Ҳд֡ƫƫµʱһɽӴҲʧˡΪһ״Ϻү˿Ǵ󶯸λ𣬺ǱŭһӵġǣҲǶʱ䣬Ϻү˾Ȼˡ
԰Ϻүʱүڵʱүǵ˵ġ¶ȷʵǹŹְǰЩ꣬ү˻С㡣ٸ꣬үҪ˵ɣϺү壬ôã
۾ٿɴ
Сǰļλв͡Ҳ˵ڣ˭Ҳ׷˺£С󣬻ϺүʱȴϺү˵ĵӶз裬Ȼ󣬾һֱ̱ڴϵ飡
ڼ裬һλǼٵģôô˸󵨵Ʋ⡣
۾һ
ԣǼٵģôЩŮôȻԲܹ˵ġң˵һЩһԽԽáҲֻԼĶŮзݵĵõõİ
˶˽ĵġ
ԼĶŮôʲô
ֻҪһ˸ܷĳԼĶŮгϢ
ôһ룬˶ֻȻʵĸо
ҿʮа˾žġһֻҪҵͿϲǺү˵ʵǽҿһյס
ڣ˳ΪͿϲԭĺүˣԵҲ²ⲻϾڵ̫˲ˡ
ǰɣֻãڱ㸻̬ӣΪ˶ܻᱣԭͬһһ̫̫ǣûһôᡣţҲӵġǰ˼ĺãȴðɣľһɻ㰡ϵģ⼫пܣ˺Щꡣ
һۣתͷԸȥڵĵӡͿҵǼãȫ׶塣
ôӣü΢΢š˵үȥش鷢
ţ¹źү£Դ±ҪضԴ֮
Ŷأ
Ҳһ
ǰҲû뵽˵ĵôˡ
Ǻ£Ҳˡ
⸮ĽݸĹŶжأȫƷ滻ˡ
ס죬ŵ⣿˭ôʣǷ𣿡
Ǻǡ˭⸮棬˭һֱĻңǾ˭¡ѲɣƾĴڣеȥ鲻ɣЦ⸮氡һҰ
Ҳ֪Ľɽڷ⸮棬һֱܹ˵ʱ򣬵Ǹʲô뷨񣬿߰ľ棬ôںһ뵽ʱĽɽ˵⸮һᣬԼ߿вʱҡͷ
ҲǣԼţˣŪһӦҲǲİɡ
Ű̫Ҫ̫ˡһ͵ˣǮҲӦôడ
ͿҴ޹ʱһֱҡҡ׹ġңôˣһֱշһҡ˵ʮ꣬ͿҿֿʼƵءɢ֮Ƶз
ֲãдôһԭյļ壬ô˵ġ֪ģ⾩ͿҵΪֹҲûӪ
Ľ޵¶Ӫԣңǵ
µķġ˭׺
˭ңǼٸһġ
ͿңûӪЩϻһЩũׯ֮ģҲ̣Ĳˡʮ꣬˵ԺתһЩ
ֻǣôתģ֮󣬲ˡ
ȷʵǲصҲȥ⸣ŵ˲̽һ벻龾ء
ţˡ΢Цŵͷ񣬴ĸм⸣Щİ̫̫ˡ鱨棬Ǵмĵĵز
һƼҡԭֻҪ̯ӵģֻϼͻˡʱĻٷλǾ˳£˵һӻ
Ȼֺݺݴ
ƿغˡ
ңĺܺã׵ġ
ЩĹǵ˽¶е顣
ȫһµĵ͸Щµһ˫۾һ׵ĽݸĹˡҲں£ãҪջظһӦ
Ϊһ̽䡣
㰡ô࣬ǰ㣬ʵҲڰԼֻˣǲܸð˵ˣȥæǼ˶



ڶٰʮ£һж

ڵ
𱻺үˣ
ǵģڡ
ںݺݱۡ
ķתĸˡ
һߵ֪ڵܴ
һεķ˺ܾáֱһ۾ʱ˾ࡣҲǰĻҡ
ջһͿˣǣҪˡ
ڡ
Ӧǲû뿪ֹӣͿЩĿ
¾˵ɣңҲв¶ʮˡ
ǣڡ
Ź´󵨳顣
ʵô˵㶼ĽݸˡԺҪеģҲĽݸǵͿȻЩж顣ǣҲֻЩꡣôΪͳǵĶ顣ûҪһֱľΪ밡
Ϳ۾ٿһɡ
ΰ֡ˣ㲻ȥɡЩ飬Ҳֻܵȵȥˣ˽˰
ӿɬȻɻȴҲֻܴš
תȥӲ⸣ŵһ̽Ч
תǰʱӵʱ̬˵˳
Ŷ˵ʱ֮̽ھȻһɬȻ˵һ仰ⲻоôͿڵİѱأ
Դ£ֻ»ϸ̽һͿҵĹϵˡصͲһͿǰʮ꣬ɷ
һʱ¶ڶʮǰǼꡣҪҲӦЩĴ
֣Ʋ⣬ͿˣǸˡôǻʲôԭһ𣬲һమɱ˶꣬ȴĪκأ
Ϳңǲľȥġôҿ϶ü޸үŮ뷨ӽӼҼ塣ǣȼãҲֻһε顣ʱվˣ²еġң޳ȥŮȥˮһ˵ûԸѼһжˡϾңҲֻҶˡ޺󣬾ζţԼļҡ˲Ƕضˡ෴ģί˽ˣһˣôΪͿˣͰѺءٶҲһĸӦġԣЩֻҪͿˣ룬Ҳֳġ
һΣ۾ٿˡ
أȥΪ
֣һۣ˷ܵĸ
̫Ҳ̫ˡֻܸðҲֻáǸ¶šûġ
ȻһЦ
ԼŮŮ޷ǾͿҵԣټһѲһͶѡ
ŮǴ֮ҲǺ۸֮ˡ
ֻܸõվ硣
ԭǺܵĺү˵ЩʲôġҲ֪ЩԼΪƺ˵ߡҪġĶһЩǰ¶
ǱʵҪͥңٱôҲһġʱһֱĺǲ
ÿȥԺ濴һںԺˮ֮ģ
ڣȷʵģյĹÿһ졣⸮ֻʱ䣬÷ǣڵ÷ȥһº󣬾Ͱе񶼽÷˹Լȥæ˽¶ȥ
ӣıӵĻҪңᣬôðء
ˣȥɡ
˵ҲİһЩӣԼ²û֪һ룬־ãǰԼ̫ˡôţ⸮ڰñţ˰Ӹˡһ룬ľ˻ȥ
Ȼˣʱ򾭲Żôôء
ҡͷԼΪʾǿҲ
ˣСҪѹ¾
ǡ
Сӣ˴Ц
еǰҡͷһλôôĻء
һλָԼСӡ˻ˣǵú˶ܲС
ͬյȴʮڵȵĽ޵µĻع顣ݵľһһˣʹʡ
ߵǸһ§ֻļ˵һ䣬§˯һҺþûˡ
˵䣬۾׵˯ʵ˹ȥǻҲǱ̧ŷŵġɼǿ׳СˣĥɶġʮʮҹҲ֪ôġ
۵һֱ§˯ĳʵӣ㲵ģҲ˲١
ͻĺᣬȻ뵽СʵͲСˡ
ӦеģˣӦõġһȥץɱǸˡٵΪʥϴһСʵСһֱŬĳɳڣҲˡ뵽ḧݵ

ƺ֪ϷһҸЦݡҲɵɵЦĴԽ



ڶپʮ£ʱ

ʶԼľٶе͵͵ռ˵ı˰
뵽һ졣Ͻ˶һߣȥæȥ顣
ǡǡý㱨أûῴٶһʱǶе㷴ӦҲû뵽ῴѾͷͻȻ䴳
ҪʱϽ֡
ϽֽһءҷİɣҰںԺĵطƼġ
һԺĺôԷΪ̫ǰҪײ˽¶Ͳװ쵽
֣Щһֱڿⷿ˽ܡ
˽ܡ˼΢ڵɨһһλӡˡ
࣬ء
Ӱ֡ңҾ˵һЩ飬Ѱ˼ɣЩ飬ǵűһ
͡־Լʱ̫ˣ̫ġ
һ˽ˡ
ǸܵΣգѰԼı
ſ뿪棬ȥžȥ
û뵽ֱӾ͵Լ뷨һʱҲⲻѡҪ֪ЩϢߵҲ͸¶İ
ǰ˵飬ҲãǸں֡ڿٵˣһ¶룬⸮滹еģбһˡ
⻰ûϡҲ˵Щڻ¶
ĪŵģҪšΪҴһЩϢǿ⸮µķϣҲӦһЩ׵İŵġ
⻰˵ƯְԵͷѹڿƿȨƺ⸮һ˵ȡҲȷʵеʵġӲˣγܳͷء
һ˼ŰԼ֪һЩ˵˳
һֱͳⷿһͨӡҼҵǿӣǹڵ˽ⷿġҲֻǰ顣ڣҼͷѽ
˵ԼǿӣӻЩꡣ
ǿǺȾġºַͷӵЩڣƺһ򼡣ʱ̳ʱ򼻹ɫġڶԼǿһ֡ɺϣЩɡֲֻţֻ̾áڣЩɡ
ԵͷǾƣƽʱ׼ģƺҲЯģô׾ȥأֻ֣µʱҲڻɹİɣ
ǰūҲлɣº˺ЩˣҲʵʵ֤ݡңҸо׷ȥֻұҪˡں棬ūٲҲ顣ֻʵĴԼҺӹѽڣںǳˣҲܷĵȥһЩ顣Դӵ֪ڲ̽һЩе飬ҲþΪͷӱѩޡ
ѲǰĪһ㡣
ȷǿǲҰѾƷڵϵġңһ򼣬˵㣬ݾҩġǿеģƺһ̬򼡣һӦˣһˣǲġ⸮棬ҲץһҲǣ
ԵģԵ飬һֱɻºҲʹһЩ涾˼ңǶ˵Ҫץһ綾ĳӣǼ׵ġĶؽץο˵ĽݸͿأҲǵһֱɻԭ֮һѽ
סô㣬ǰͷͳڵĿⷿΪôֱ
ƺû뵽ʣһº󣬻ʵ
ҼǿӾֱ̫ˡΪƿſⷿʱͿҪóһЩȳ⡣ҰѴͱڵĸǰȥΪˣڵ껹νء
ȴеһ
ţҲ˵Щ꣬һֱǸֱҲΪġ֪Ƿڵʱ򣬿һЩһ鷢磬ڵԸǰתеˡô˵ɣǴСǰ𡣡
߬˱յ̫Ҫˡ
°
۾ʼ˼
˺ð죬߶Ľ
ΪǾľ飬Դ½ҲЩ
Щ꣬үͺү˵ĸҲǼõġྴദţһƴһڸӡ갡λүȻҲЩϷ˻ܹǵġǸҲϸĺܡΪˣüλүĶүүүɶڵءǻūǵãү࿴һĳѾͷͻһֱվڻǰЩԣŻ㣬



ڶپʮһ£

Ŷ벻ϸ񰡣
¸ŨҲһ߶⡣
أҪô˵ϸͿˣҲ̫˰뵱Ϳˣǹϵܽŵġ
ţʱ䣬һЩ
һߵµ˸񣬺߱ϽȥŻʳ֮ġҪʾ£ֻʱҲķѵеá
ȻˡΪϵԵʣүסͿ˵ʱھ׼ڡһһε磬ǺǣûŰҲѰڣĺүҶҲǼõġֻȳͿˣҲԹʲô¶
һλĽݼǰʰĺˡȻԴԼޡ
֪˿Ůҵ䣬Ȣ˶ǡ
ţŽǵһЩ¡ҲҪģֻҪ㽲һЩ¾㹻ˡʱ¶Ի㰲ŵġ
⽲ʵڣӾֽŽǼˣ˵ȥҲ˳ࡣ
Щ갡Ǹ罺ϥġϺүȥˣÿλΪӶˣÿζҪүŻ˯Ȼү˵Ҳ˯ġԺүÿ飬Ҳǰк˵Լؼ֮ġΪ¶浱ʱ˶ЦϺү˵ǸӵġʵİɣǺүϷ鰡Ǻء
ҲȴϺүԼ޵ˣеĽ޵¶Լӡһ룬ľࡣɫҲżҸСŮӡ˿Сʱͼ¡Ҳ硣
Щ꣬Ϊ͸ˣҲŸ顣ţԼˡɼĽ޵СӣԼҹĵҲǲġһ뵽Ľ޵ˣȴԼŮҲ൱Ժġ
֮ɣڵʱүС֮ǰ˵ĸżìܣҲֻìԺֱļáӰ⸮ˣĸĽӴүֻϷһûԵһС֮ͨġӴɾúöǰĴǶЦءƫƫʱϺүֻǺǺǵЦ
ţ˵ƺԺͲ̫ˡ
԰棬ֹǲðһΣͿҵ˵̫̫ˡǻ̫̫ҲȷʵǲˡϺү˲òظȥ̼չԼﰡµΪҪһЩǮ̫ԵϺүˣǣΪŮҲǻؼȥСס˲¶ʮҡ
ôסôãʮ찡ɾе˼ˡ
ԵģǶʮҰɡһǵĺܣͿ̫̫ˣԾͰѸ޵Ůлȥ̺ϺүҲ⡣ǵһӣʱļλӹȥϺүˣҲҴææ˻ү̫æµˣԺûٰѺ͹ȥٻãϺү˰ھͻС㡣ҲǴʱϺү鲻̫á갡ҺҼǿӣԺһ˺ȾšʱϺүƺҲ˵ΪظʱϺү˿үиѾͷã˴Ӵ˾϶飬Խ䵭ȥ
۾ֱֻ⣬ǰֻǲ²⣬ڣȴаٷ֮ʮİˡ
һ˶Եͷ֪һ죬׬ˡ
ӷ˻кʼ˾ìܣң󰡣˶ַ˯ءЩʱ鷢
ֻͦͦӵĻ
С󣬷˾ͺͺүĹϵǰҲϷ˲ôչ˵ԵʣԺϺүͿʼ
үʱϺүͻȻз粡ˡҼǿһӴԺҲûѽ˵Ϻүʱĺðϧ˶
Ӵߺšֱ˺þãضãλǲڴԵʱ
ƿڣô
ôֻãӣֻ治ūǵϺү˵Ҳ
صɴ۾Լġ˳˷䡣
ЩĪΪáֵĶԻ̫ˡ
ǺǣǵĲ²ģô飬ֻͿңҲǲԤġȻ޷ЩͿҺǸ˵ദϵ
Ҳ⣬Ϊʲôүӻǰٶֻ£ĲҲΪµġϺүȥʱҲңʱ˵ҲӦүкӵġ



ڶپʮ£ǵл

õȵͿǱߵ鱨ٻˣǲƲʵڵʵ
һУֻƲ⣬Ҫôܶʵԡ
һ̣۾ʼ˼ҪβԼг
飬ҿûԼгĺáҲʱ˼顣
д⣬Ѱ˼ҪβСټҵһЩḻ֪ʶҲԼйġ
һʤյӣҡͷСҲ֪ЩС
֣ϣֻҪþͺá
ǺǣϣҲ¹ֻ֣ҪʵãôǺء
ĸŮһЦˣѹɤ㸸ס
ᵽףڵľͺˡ
㽿޵ĸףЩʧս֡ĸףһʱ䣬ȡþүʱȥ븸ײԶĵط
ţҡ
һᵽ֮۾ͺˡ
㲻֪ˣԶˡɶ˶ԣǺöʱֻļˡΪֲѵԭ򣬻˼С檣֮ڸ档ǰɣģǸʮкüΣΪ˳ķҲ뿪
ĸ׵߶߶󣬵һԷ򸾣Ƕôమɱġ
Ҳǣ֪ǰŮ˲ġǻǣⲻΪô
˴ŵ㸸ˡȻЩŮˣȴûǵġңʱΪ˿ֻҲǲ׵˶ԾǰںԺšֻǰṩһЩԴöȡϧ˺ǣʱ˼ˣˣȴһͶұĶ⡣ȵǵڶȥ֪еˣͲֵȥͬġ
һ㣬ĵʹ
ô˵һһ绹СߣҲ⣬㻹һúõء̫̫ҸˣүҲҪһЩ
Ĩȥᣬǣ̫Բˡʱ򰡣Ҳ̫ء֪㳣֣á;үҲҪúõġ
֪ˡ
ĸŮҲǰȫʱ򣬲ŻʹȻ
ȵ뿪˼ţҪβܰźԭΡаʮİգǸŮ˲ԭϺүˡϺүֻȷԺ󣬾Ů˺Ϳľ֡ӴԺүһУӴ˾ͱӵ˽˲ҵ
ҲΪ⣬ΪӸϺүԺǰү˵ҲĪĺܡ棬˭֪ûӵֱءһԺһŮˣһûȣһ˵ʵ֮֡
ԺԺʵǼҪİ
ԣȴһִֻšѵԴĵЦ
˫ַȥ§ǿԴϣүǣԽƤء
ţҲǰƤǻˣҲԸġ
ۣ⻰˵ģɽء
ɲôõĹ鴦
Ľ޵ˣĿУһŵ⼸һЩ
ڻҲǰȫ࣬ǰӣĿǰײٶˡ̫̫Ҳٹ꣬Ҳ乬СڻʺΪһ»վڻʵߵģԻϲᶯļ塣̫һǻᱻѪϴġ˵ϻһصģҲбļһҲ֪˭˵Ǹһλ󽫾ˡˣһֱͳŵİ׮ŵġ
ͳŵİ׮ţҲ˵ʵһֱڰʵ۽˽˵⣿
أ˵һֱڴҡ
˵⻰Ľ޵µ
һϢ˶ˡ˺þãдʾȷĿ˵ڴң
ţ˵˴ҡҲ֪Ǻ˼
ȴǲս֣϶
˭
Ľ޵»սһηҲоʧʱ˫տڵӣʱʢ޴룬ԼΡַĵڴüЩ§ӦҡǸʲô
Щ״ΣСĪ֣Ǵ磬и磬һֱƯôˣǶΪ棬˺ˡǣǣ˴ġ
ȻĽ޵»ǺѡұҪ㣬ɶһλҵˣʵǸˡ
ôˣûôϰ
ˡ
޴룬Ľ޵۵ױȡԣǵѣ治ġȿ˵òãĪš
ŶһǾãӦǴ磬ҵֱСţӦǴ˵ġ



ڶپʮ£ԽԽ

ǣզôִء
ģȥòãľãǴ˲Ŷԡ
ӣĽ޵°ݺ߬ڻãȥ磬Ҳѵôӻĸڼһֱܹ˵ġСߣҲһȥߣǣСô
һ룬Ľ޵תʹСȥ
ٴ͸ȹϵϣôҲ
ǣǲǣǣǲǡǣôһ˵ģ
侲ͣҲʮꡣôҲһˣ˾͸С˵ģǵлѣ˵İ
ܲܿһأ
ЩšҲãӦó嶯İСȥǸˡ
أϽȥѾү׷
ؿŻҵﱶͷʹү˳ȥðˣȥ׷ˣ׷ϰ
ǡˣȾɡ
ʧǵһƨɵϣҵĺܡ
ȥһˣǸǳˡһʱ䣬ǶʱС߱һӦˮԷĵط󣬾һֱãȻ״̬
㣬ҽ
㣬ҽ
ˣһָһ˷Ը¡
Сӣ㵽һء
СźСӵţǲûıȥɹԺһѣôܱСӰ
Ľ޵£ֱӱ˽гɣСǸүôѽǡ
ЩңҲǴ³һõϷ棿
һ̣С淸ԹԹԸǰ
Ժǰ洫轣ţһѽವĴܳСŵһһһſǽűβ˵·Сŵһ亹λүк֮رĺġ
ֹǰһڣһڴͷվǰ
ĺ룬ҵͷ£һ˫һ۾Сֻȫ亹һವߡ
СӣҲ̫˰ɣԽԽȥˡ

СԺһλӦ˵Ļô
Ϊʲôá⵽ڸǴкУһɺܹŹֵĸо
һʱ䣬СԿǰһϤˡ
۾һɣСӣСƨɵ˰ɣϲøˣ

磡
СĶڲ
еĸ磬ûǰһλôߴ󡣻ǵãԼڴϣȥժԺĹʱ˼һ𣬴§ԼһܡΪ̼ϵĻЦ͡
ڼǸߴ͵ĴڡȻҲھǰһλˣ뺷
Ҹ磿
Сӻڹ۾ѧֱܻһȾ߷ȥ
ƨӣҲˡˣ㲻֪Լʲôˡ
ѽҸ簡磬ҵĸ簡ôôŻ磬Сѽ
С߾ͲҪ˹ȥʹѧСһ§ѧŵļӾɢˡ
СӣϽɿɿǯȥҪ§ıˡ
ţһֱ׼ܵڲŻҼš˸磬ô֪Сߵİٺ٣ЩһֱŽҿɺˡˣҽأôһ
ѧܻСӣҵģ͸˵ûɱ´ǳСӿп㡣Ұ㵱Сʹϼ
ԣС߼ˡ磬ҽҺءаҪǶԽ򲻺ãʱҲҲ֪ģƢǺܴġСʱͰǹܵġȷҪҽ㲻ģ
СѾͷƬӣˣ
һᵽԼãѧЦˡ
ܿ˵ĸоĲҪ̫ð
ҽڳˣҲˣȥݵһλ簡Ͻҽɡ
ڵǸУѧܻߣȥСӵı֡ǹˣҾǿԺһȻߣҪҵŮһҲÿ²С
ҵĸ簡
С߿飬ȴѧһɨŵС߸Ͻͷ磬ƢԼ𱬰ղһͱȻֻŻԼģϵɱҲŨһЩһ룬С߾ûˡ
ߣСܹܲӦԵĹؿ
ѧ뵽ԼĿ鷽ǳĺܰ
Լ뿪ô꣬ҵ귢ôıʡǿǷģǣЩڵйƴոǴڵĹҾһϰҪ



ڶپʮ£Ŀ

ǣ׼ȢԼİĹΪȢһλЩҲǸ̫ࡣһ뵽ѧˡ󣬴ͷβû̫顣еģֹֻǣңġ󣬸ΪȢǸһдӦʼҵˣȥЩͷĴ¡
磬ҽļõġҪЩչңҲСˡЩ꣬ಡģڿǴءһҲȫҽԵʡ
ѧĽ޵²Сһ·˵Ľ޵µĺû
ˣҲֻǶһ飬ͷİɣܹأҲΪġ
ڣѧ˻
磬ɵ˵˴磬ҿ⸮ˣһɱˣӣЩһֱţ
ѧͷţſͷ顣ҲֻǻʼҵһѵѡҪҾȥԵģҲùܹ˵ġ
ţЩ϶İɣҿ۾Ǻģ󣬻кö˺ۡЩ꣬ôģ
һᣬѧһγĬˡ
չԼˣһĹ򣬾ٰΣǱСһ﷢ˡ
Ե򣬡£ֻҪǰã ôνġ
šҽ㣬Ҳڸ档

ѧȻСĽ޵ߣԼ£治ġ
УһǴȥһ߶㲻֪ɣһֱͨŵġ˵ҲļˡΪ͸ѧʶڶǱ߹صĽԵǿصĺܣΪʦүһҲûбɷ²
ż˵Ϣѧ۾һκˡ
ǺãͺãСѧңТĶӰ걻˴Դûӣһ֮¾ˡ룬ҪҲһԵľ߰͵һֱڵĵİɣ
Сߵͷţкöʱ򣬿ŸĹӸǣżͻ轣Ĺǣһͻð졣ÿһ죬ͻһ˹ڰǰ߶߶һԼһ˰һ˵棬һһģꡣô꣬һֱı
һѧ޲ھȥԼ
ҶԲ
磬ĪģڻȥȥҽҲáֻ໥ţ룬ᴦõġ
˵ˣЩ鲻̫嶯䣬һӻǴ֮ԣкö£
Ǻ İɣҲίġҵĹЩֲˡһλؾΪġ֮ɵøһסˡ
ѽɸáǲԸġңҲ֪Ը񡣡
кβԸģС̫뵱Ȼ˰ɡĻصңӴԺҲǰ֮ˡҵܣҲһ𡣻㣬жòѽ
һᣬСȴ̫Ȥ㣬ǺǣôˣǿɲǡҿǸҲࡣ
ô˵ǣѧõСȴһ㵱Щ궼ǰ׳𣿴磬ǰҾȥҵλ㡣ǴϢȴ൱ʧǸ˽ģǰҾˡȥˣҲȥ롣
Ҷأ۰Ҳճһλ˰ɣȥȥʱ֪Ƕô˵˼˵ң֪ĸңյ˵ģʲôҵˡǺǣ˼ĺţΪкõİӣһֵǮȥͶһݡ˼Ұնˡ
дǸɵ¶ѧˡ
ǺǣҲǣԼȥ֪ôǶû뷨ġ
ԺǾС
۹ǳã
룬Σʱ򣬻ҵչһԲ˶һġһ룬ѧĲźһ㡣
С߹ţһƬԺʱ˵
С߲죬磬ҽɶĿ㣬ҽټŷͬСɵˮƽѲɣһдղɣ
Ǻǣˣϲľǻǰ£һЩŹͬõһдһãڻʱһһλҷ棬ŷͬѰ谡
˵˵СǿҵĲ



ڶپʮ£

Ľ޵¿ǰһλҵĹǳࡣûڰٵԷü
ˡ
Ȼֹ
̧ͷɨһǰˣһЦĽݹӣСŮҵĲã
ţȷʵǲáټѧԺĲѧٵѧǣƺҲûĲ𡣡
Ľ޵¿⹰˹֣˵
ֻǫһ˵˭ȴİԼ˲һ£ԷеҲסˡ
˵ӵٵļã֮ǰҲ֪Էɷһţ
绨һĽЦ룬еСģĶ˵Ʋۡ
ǰˣͬĵɴۣһԲѵģĽ޵£ԷЩô֮ţҲӲҵġ
˵ⳤģģΪʲô˵ôĲιȻвǱҪ翴ġȰһ䣬ԺĪԷȻ˼һֵķѺġ
ԷϵЦͣɷŭ㣬㡭
ͷԼ򵥵ĹҪð˵ˣΪʲôڻ˽͡ȻвҪƵġȻëһҪ
Ľ޵»һϧӡ
ȴ̼ķԷҪץˤٶȥ
ѽƢ治С˷裬еûˣû취ء
͸϶һĻСߣƲס۵ֳߵѧ磬㿴ˣҽ˰ɣǲе㲻һ
ѧҲףţȷʵе㲻һЩαһģһǺȻľͰ˴ˡ
Сߺٺֱ֡ɲô˵˵ģǸˡ
ĿǰǿˡǾôģȴ˵ĺܡ
С߿ҵĴ簡㻹Ҫôݣ䵽زǲ벻չмӵģ㻹أ
Ľ޵Ǹõˡ
ϣ㲻ǿ̫ԲĶһ㹻Ҫ̫࣬ԵĲ顣
߰ɣȥСӡҰӹܣߣǰչмִΣչǰҵıˡֻҪҶǼ䱦ãСү
Сߺٺֱ֡
磬ǸСʱļе
Ǹˡ
ҪҪôԵľǿķš
򡭡
һԺţС߾˽г
Ľ޵üڲԶǸӵϡҲ۾һɣ˵߾ڿн㡣
һƴݣһŭĿüҪ˵ӡм䣬һ߷ž
Сվм䣬һոŪ޴룬һʱ䲻֪Ҫ̬ĺá
лշڣĽ޵ȿڡ
Ц΢΢һ
̬ȴݵӣС߰ԷԼƢĴ磬Ҳడ
ѧЦŴСӣְȻҼСøˡɸ㣬лƯĹߡԸ⣬ԶСߡļҵѾͷҶ԰æᲢҼҵλ㻹Ǽֿĺá
Сüôһ棬绹Ҫͽֿ˸鼫õô
Ľ޵ϵЦȥѧ̧°ͣôʧˣҺ˴ͶûдҪֿڽľɲܴҡ
ѧЦˡ
֪ܲɣѧƴô꣬ҪĻǡΪҼһĳ˲Ը⣿
Ľ޵ü۲ҳʱѰһֱ˵϶ǴˣҵһʱҳţֻΪȷǲǴƽ˵иˣǴ磬ȴ˵ҼԼĵо˶Ǵ硣ҲֻƤ顣ҲֻܰȻع顣
ŲѵѧĻľȥ
һ뵽ǸϳɵСѾͷԼ뿪ʱһ˳ҵһСĪģеĺ޾Ҳ᲻
һᣬѧĨȥᡣɻã
׷ԼҲԵвĻĽ޵°˿ȻҲǸ춹ĵġ
̫áЩ꣬һֹŹֵĹƳӣÿϣڱ֮ࡣȻһǰ
ѧҪۣĽ޵²Ʋһ䡣
СߵɴۣŰͳԼҽ򡣹ӻǸǰһǱ۸ˣôҲ̵һǡǰµ飬ھͿʼֻˡţȻǺͽԵˣˣͬһء



ڶپʮ£ؼҾͺ

ѧྫһ˰һ֪⻵Сӻڼǳءһۣղ˵ˣޣ翴ôұٷ磬С߻ҪС˧ڱ˵ôϡˣϽͭҪһ¾ӣжӢ
˺ܿһͭǸïܣɵͭһʱѧ˰ŲСߡСߣң
Сߵͷ԰磬ûΪүүǴˡ
ѧһۣѵ㶮ƨгǰСëһƨóˣΪӭϴڣ绹ϴһɡ
С߿ʼæҪϴ֮ģЩ΢ʡҵĸι⵽жãûϴˣΪɶһζ
رζ㲻𣬳СӣԼûʣȴҵζСɱԼˣͲҽѵ˹
СҲǳΪɶãòҪ⻰ǲ˵ġ
һʰͣСһʱûˡ
ڳ棬ѧһνӡǣ³Ľݸʱ˾Ϳʼˡ
˵С˵ǲӢˣ
С´һۣȷ˳ࡣ
ûоãҲ˲١Ľ޵ĽŲһ͡ԡ
ΪʲôһˣҪСŮǰùĴʡ
Сͬλĺܡʵѧı֣Ͼǰǵ㣬ЦȻ㻹ǻСģһ㲻ԣˡֻҪüһ䣬Сһ壬ȫԽľͰЩ֮
磬Ī£ֻҪȷҲáԵģ̫ġ
ŶС˵ĻҵϲˡѧĽ޵±ʾ˳һ㡣
һٲǰžҪţžӦؾѧýܣԼקסСߣңңҸСһˡ
۾ģһۺٲ
Ŷ
ǰŰˣȴѱһֻС
˶ǰĽ޵ǰһ§§ļѧֽһСӡ
ͷݺݵһۡ
ŵѧϽԴңСءһקСߣ޹С߱ʾôˡ
ûٶϻֻǾֱһ·רһЩƧС·ߡȻƽߣǣٶȴǿĺܡ˵ط󣬱Ըȥƣе֮Ķ
ѧһ꣬æߺҪԺȡ
ٳˡʱ䣬ڸ棬ҺﶼԵĸ㡣
á
вٵĹ£һѧǹԹӦá
һо㡣
š
ЩѧһֱԹԵĲ̧ͷ
ֱС߰һյص˲䣬ֱʱ֪ԭһֱѹԼĸ顣
Īıӷᣬ磬ﲻԹġ
֪
Թֻ̫ˣЩһֱƮţȴܹôˡ˵ҳºͷҪ
ԣܻؼҡһȣȻͺķʮˡ
Сߡ
ǡʱ
Ľ޵һǰ;ãദ̫ã̫׽ָоӿһദܸоֻǣһֱ˵ݣҲǺˡҲֻܲ²һ
ǰ²Сҵˡڣȴں
ֻ棬вҵˡ
Ѱ˼ЩԺвɵˣȫˡ
ûиƽ֮ǰ˵ݣĪҪй¶ĺáһҪʱΪƽʱȻֿ϶ĺܣĸҲһֱһ͸ƣͣĽݸ档
СߣӦóȥ£ȴΪǸݵԵʣһֱѺߡ
ԩңʱ˵ˡ
ʣʡ￴뿴ҵĶӡ

ȻǸʵʵĺӣһ̱ĸ§ڻʱ򣬻ӯ
żвŵĸ׵ζĦԴһ̣ѧ֪ԭܶһиԴ徢жȫΪҪһžۡ
һˣĲԲˡ
ҼããɺáҿҵǸǰһƯ·ҲΪĳԵġǸӣҿɰˡѿıӣ̫óԣˣһ˵Եģˮ
úãϲԣΪһζһЩΪöóԵѽ



ڶپʮ£Ļ

§ѧʪ½һߣۺЦϵĲš
ҲĽ޵§޾ͿްɣǸĵӣ̫ѹԼ
ţһ˵Һֿ޲ˡֻǾÿģĵıӷˡ
ԭҪ顣
ѧɵľסĽݸԺǰ˾ຣסĵطסһλˡ
סںԺ˻Ǻܹעġвٵ̽Ӳŵ㱻Ī裬ӵĳ档
Ϊˣö˶飬
˵һˡסĽݸ棬£ֱǲǿ
ߣţҪ˵ڸ˿ǰ񵱼ңԭǴǵĵλҪģû
һү˼ңȴһλλء
Ϊ˴£Ժˣһ־һ𣬾ʹ¿ʼµһλ顣
һֻˣе͵µĶ̣Ҳɧ̡ȻǱ̧ģǣȻҪȥ
֮ԻΪǼ飬ֱǵøų
չǰãԷų
һλҲֻЮβˡ
̣Ȼˣչ˺ӵķˣԾǱɷҲڸŵġ˵·һǵĺˣȴĸ
ⲻһ˵ҪƨɻûãҲˡ
ߵðһε£ɲŲ«ˡ˶Ůأ۲ҪŮǻҪİɡ߳ȥһǣӴ˵Ǹ˻ˡﵱңˡǺøְû뵽һҲ˵ޣ⸮ԺģﵱҵСǣĽݸ棬дȫһ˵ҵģ⻹û˵ҲǣǶ˰
԰߰һε飬㲻ٿŲܹˡÿǰǰ̣һҲӲ
ķˣˣšһۺݵ̡
̵һЦ˴ָһģôܶءλˡ£ȫǵģҪôţǾô¡
˵˲ԷһЩ
˿һʵɣǰ⼸ûǷһЩɱġڿǵĿ꣬һµˡûҪٷֱ˴ˣֻҪһĶͺáʱҪŽһµĲźáģأ
һֱû֨ؿģ΢΢ף˵ǡ
Ҳͷˣ˲ĵͷ
ţǵĿһµˡȻˣǾһҪôܰǸŮŪߡңӴ֮ء
˵棬˵䡣ؿһۡѹ֣Ǹôˣھ˶ɩӵˡ˼ҵ۹⣬ʵҲûеİ
õľˡ
Ҫ֪Ϊŵڣܡ
Ľݸ߳ȥǱ˳ЦĶ
Ϊò͵¡
죬һո¶ķ緶۾΢СҲǸһֱĵĴڰǣҲ룬ǰٺתô
⾩ǵˣ۾Ϲģô
İЩ飬Ҳû취顣飬ĪҪᣬڿ˭顣˵ˡ˰ֵõɶ̵ʲô³Ǻǡ
һνĺܡ
һֻ̡ǲ׿Ŵķ羰ƣһ޹һ
˶Ųһ졣
ǣ䣬̧ͷʱҲʧ
Щ飬ǵÿš
ţǴҵһģôܰŪȥʵɣҪ˵⸮ˣҪһǼ򵥵顣۲ݣ磬ֱȥԷ뿪ͺá
ؿĵһ仰۾һ
վ
ԵģġǾӦֱȥҡŵ飬Ƕķǵĵλźǿ϶ͬġһΣȥˣÿ԰ߡ
ԣȥˡ߾ǡ
ߣһңҪȥЩҷǵͷϣԼʲôء
Եģǻ۸ƨֱȥˡǵҸͷôֱȥˣûҲ˵ȥѽ
ͷңֱ˵²¡
Цվ߰ɣˡ



ڶپʮ£ȫԺҲ

ÿ磬ǰԺʱ򡣽죬ֺ÷һһӦС
˾һµʱ
ҹȥĽݸݲС֮ࡣ
ȥݲ㡣
÷ѰϣЩο
⸮徲˼죬鷢ˡ
΢΢һЦңһε飬ġ ҵĴڣ˲˵۰
㰡ǳԿˡʵֺγء
÷˵⣬ҲȻѡ
Ȼ⸮ĽӦˣʵҲֻһ˹żµһӵ˰ˡ
߳ȥ˼һǼЦҲνˡչ飬ǵõԼλòô
˵ΪʲôҪԸǸԺϹǡ飬ǲɱ߳ȥ
λˣλ̰ǿɵΪôЩ˵ӴǿЩĸһ仰۳ˡǲλôƧȥˣ·һô
߳ȥ㿴ǰһֹ︮µĹǣʱͷɢǼλһ߹ƣǷǵԼ˵ͷˡ
һЦλкβģȫ˵ɡǾĲãһһһ¡
λ̬̿ȴݲȵģһ
Ц
ȷˡ
ʣү棬ɻﵱƿģ
ĽݸûСЦݸÿ
崺ӵģĸ˸ߡ
Ůˣǵİɡ
ƫƫ˻˵Ư˵ġֻǳţãӦչ˵Ĵڡ
Լˡ̣Ҳòϣһλȣȷʵˡ
еĻһɡȷʵǺææİû̫ĹһһĽӴǵԽһ˵ˡ
һ˦ֱϣҲ⼸λˡ
ôǰˣЦݲ䡣ӣ˼ǣʲôĹһ
㣬һֱרţȢҷ˵ģ
ŶλǾãҲүȢף檣֮һô
϶
ţȼš
벻̬ȸŪģλ˸Ɒ΢̫ɶˡ
ҧ̵Ķ䣬ŪС˰
ϧҪŪ˼Ҳ˵ôô˺ţ
ȣ˭Ҳ֪
¹ôţզҲҪŪ²̨
˶ڲȻҶҲ
У˶ã˿ǸĽ

һȫð˳
ȵЩ벻ĿЦվһһ
ãеһĿҶ˵һ˵ôԷ
λۿߣ˵죬һݱ΢ˡ㣬ôҲܵĽݸƼˡ
ţ˵˵ȥʵǵλ̫ô
Ц֣ʾȥһ¾ү
ū澲ȥˣүǰһֱվſϷء
죬ʾǰĵط
ǰǸվǶЦ΢΢һϷӵˣҲ
ָˣ£˵үǰɣôôءŮ˳¶һɿϷӡ
ֹ
Ҳ֪Ķ˼ҡǹ㣬Ųôվءһɣ϶б顣
ãݵ飬Ҳᡣ˵˵ָұɡڶڲʸλǹܼң᲻һͬʣߵ˷˹ҲӦ𷣣ǲ𷣣Ľ ᱻһūŴۡһ˵ӹ³Ҹұ
ȣ飬ĲԵġ
Ǻǡɨһλ̡˼أ˵˲ԡ
һ˵ҿ˿Ǹĸ֧ʣٳԵģٴģΧڵĶƣûǣҿĿҪᣬҪɫˡǸжƵģǸԺÿ£λƷôѾͷǵĹǮǶ١ⶼһݡʸλûµģǵģ˿ǵģ
һ£λûҶ֨ˡ
Ҫ֪֮ԱһĿʵΪԺ͵ĸɫãϰԵļ˸湫֧档
һƼңһ֧ȡˡҪ֮ͣģȫԼ˽
һøԺĿɾͳԽࡣ



ڶپʮ£˵һ

˵ˣһĿΪǵǮ
ЩûˣǶһʡ
ָͷʼϿҵڳˡȥֻܽܵľǣʺû취㰡ͷβ˼ﶼվڹƽϡд󷽽
ԺôģǺǣεˣԸǽȻ͸ΪЩǮҵ˽ǮҲǾүҵġôүҵǮҲòƽˣû취үͰңԸãʲô취أ
Ǹһ̯֣ɰλĲѪ
Զ÷ڵ÷ҡͷ
ǰѾͷǸȵġڿɣҲǸһĴڡô˵İһ˴ӴԺҪѾͷƬĵİ˵Ĳźá
ЦҡͷһߣеȴǰԸ롣
˰ҾѾͷȻǸġǰɣҲ̫ھһЩˣǾүˣԺеȨˣ⸮Ĵء
÷һ
ڰʾǸ˲š
ڲѹƣԺһɳǾ⸮ĴڡʵνҲ˸ġǵλһЩˡ
ߵĵλԽ⸮κ˵ģҲƿңƿĽݼ壬ǾȨ˰ա
ˣĵƣҲԸ˵ˣǣ˲һ㰡ʱ򣬻Ӧľ͵һʱһʱʱһҲҪԼĴ£ԭ֮ġ
գ÷ݺݵͷ֪ˡ
Ӧ£Żϲߵһߡ÷壬۾ʱһ˫۾ͻްġ
ôһݱ΢ūţһӣǸ治Ҫƿ㻹ЩȥԼĺһЩžүɫƯһЩʢ谡Ҳ˥ġ
ڰʾǸɫ˵ġĽ޵ɫ΢Զλķˡ˻ǲ
СߣȥѴү
ǡ
С߰ЦţתȥѧһѧҲˡ
СƼקסϡ
ҵүҵүϽɶǰַ죬һӶ۸ء
ߣ۸ҵˣһǻͷ˰ɡߣȥʥּȥ
Ҿ֪а취ˡȻŷӵġѹɤһĴչ˵
ѧֺЦ
ˣ
УҸоֻ´Ӵ˾Ҫдˡ
ѧͷЩ꣬ȷʵгչɫĹ򣬾ͼ˲١
ǰǸͨңС߿϶ֻɳΪһˡϿǣȴ˼ܸСߣ׳ɳ
ԣ˵ôķϻʲôһūܵĽݸ컯ڸҹȥǣˡҪ
Ȥݵ΢أǴӳǺŽԿ׳ģҪһȣ˭׸У˭Ȩ
ʱ̧ͷۿ
ôûСô
ԣûСɬȻһЦԣҾǹƽĹңҲòƽôôҲòôǺǣ¸ǣһʵҲԸȥأǺүҵΡҲӣүľܣҵҲƼˡͷֲкη
ǲҪҹܣһ͹ˡ
ҪȥȥѺү˵СԵģĪҪ˵
һ˵Ľɽģֳһưˡ
ֵֹǣҲһиԴĽɽûĽɽݺһС檣ôƿĽݸһء
ߣһ΢ңһóСŮˡǵȻбҪȥҺүڣҵҲٵˡү֮ǰԺԼ˵ɡ
˳
һʮȴʱ˵һôˣ
ʮЩ˻ƣǣȴڳһɺ⡣
յģڳˣȻܵһɳǵ䡣
˵⻰̻ͷײһ˫ۡ
˸ߵӡ߸Ͻͣķˣ˾ԷĿˡ
ǡ
Цѧƾ㣬һͶĽݸˣڻҪвҲɣɰĶϴˣһ˵˵ݱ΢䵱Ľݸĵˡ



£ҡһ

ܺá
ѧҧ
û뵽һ︮ˣȻԼӡ
ãõĺܣסһˡ
°̧ƴһɫĶ
Ľݸּ
Ͻ֣㣬¹ּ
ĽݸһӦ˵ȣ˵ʥּˣҲһ¹ϲĹơ
ǻҲ֪ǸǸΪԿ䷢ʥּе˼ңרƫҸסҲ³ǱӦ
ѧʱһߵһ£䷢ʥּڴߣȥʮ塣
۾һɡϽ⣬ңҿĽݸ̣ǸȥǾĽݸ͡Ǹңˣ˰ҲҪȥ
ֻǣ֪ʱһȺµľӿ˽һȫ¶һɱϢк򸮵ˣһ˳ֵ˲䣬ȫ
еˣһһ˵ĴͷϵϢܿһþɱˡ
ٿǰһʱĪ˵Ǻη
ϣսʿеϢˣӦֻݸе
һ˲䣬뵽Ľơ
ǸһֱԺĶӣҲ֪ǲҲһλһѪԡɱϢ
СңҲŹġ
棬̲ϽֻǣȴԽԽС
үͻȻ֨
˶ĲңղһֽʥּûҪʲô
֪ڲ²һǰǸһɱˣڴӻͳʥּ
һֽʥּ꣬кү˶ˡ
̸ǲȻһЦ
һ£ڼҪɽˡң˵ݣнύһˣֻ´ӴԺүκһ̣û취֮ˡ
̸ǺȻѡ
ֿǰͬ۾
һ̣ĪĻҡ
ૡ
Ҳ˵ңӴԺͲǴ֮񣬴ʽҵǧС㡣ٻһ΢ңǣĽ޵µķˡ
̵ͫ׽һʵǸ𣬸һУƿˡ
ʵҪġ˵⸮ƿߡҲ⸮λߵĴڡأǸ˭
Ϊʲôʥּ
ûע⵽⡣˭СȨƵλ߶˵һС
ʥּһλˡ˭
գ̻ʳԼҪ֪⡣
ѧһЦˣһŵ˶ѡ
ˡ
صǸŵĹߡ
ٶ²⣬̶֪ˣ˵˭Ϊлң˵һǵóˣһˣƺңǸղʥּһңĪĸϵҲ˵ڲݵλͬˣһŵĸ硣
Ǻǣԭˣϲ򡭡˼ڵݣٳ䵱һⲻ԰
̻˵һ룬ǿиĿڱˣá
֣ҽȥȢΪޡֳȫ
Ľ޵ʱͻȻ߳ߵһɰѧֱ߷ӽӻؼȥԼĸ׵˳һء˿ɺãŰ䲼ݣҪǿˡ
кöණû׼ãһα־ظȥһ÷㻹ӭȢ׼ɡ
ĽݸİԾġλ˵˼Ҫ¼ð
Ҳǣͳŵһλشˣ׾ͰӼ޳ȥˣҲ̫˵ȥˡ˼Ҫ¡һȫ˵ĹôϾʥּû֮ǰĽݸҲǿڿ˵ݱ΢ġ
˼Ҫѵλ̫ˡ
죬ѧǿаС߽ߡ
ɸ㣬һεɲ㡣ҪһȥֱСӷȢšȻͲһ𡣻Уһ߻׼޵ˣʵŴȥ
磬һͻɺá⸮һӦ񣬻һЩ飬Ҷýһ
ôôأʱķֿһʱôܲһϵʱ򣿡ѧܻãǸԲɰСѾͷһȥˡ
һȫֻһĽ޵µĿɶСӡģԽԽҪӵ۹ǼһϳȻԺĸûλˡһ̣ѧãԼӦһЩ
ȻӾͳױɱ˼ҵŮˡ



һ£С

硭
Թţѧʼǿơ
ģͱˣ˸֮ӡ
硭
һҧһ磬ɳװѧҸˡ֣ĶӡãһЩҲˣУδɩӻÿ㣬ദءǸ棬ҲӦšǲʵ˼ܼңæµ˼ȥŪܲæµɣһҪȥӵͶһӻ⸮ĴС񣬿ɻء
ȷʵǶడ
Ҫ֪ҿˡ
Ȼ֮ûбٸԭְǲú˭ܵ˻᲻ٶȻعء
ԸһӦ񣬻ýŵġ
ҲϽͷӦ磬һľ͹
ӦˣѧԸ̫ͱˡ
ЩҲ̫ãĪ̫ˡֻҪƼͺá
ǣ硣ɬһЦǴð֪Լ
ѧĻš˵˵㣬ǷһôһĹ᲻ãԺǺã
ȴӦĺܡ磬ѡ϶ҪΪġȻҲҵˣǣδܳҵģҲֻ
ѧûȥ
㣬ţҷģˣҲΪǻĺúõġ
ҡͷϿҸ֮磬ˡܱһӣǣЩ飬ֻǷ޲ġһֻʱȢϱˣԻ׵ġ
ˮ齻ڵĸоûԹ֮ǰ̸ֻֽЩУֻԼ֮󣬲ףһǣҲҲǣ˿ȡĵλ
ˣ˵֮СӣʱɲǼҡȻߺߡ
ѧЦݣͷ
үôͲԷء
һߵǰԺЦ
˲˽⣬Ѿͷȴġ
ү̹ˡ
үˡ
ΪľүԼֻ֪Ϊ㣬ء
ˣ˵ˣʱδɩദһ
Ҫ¡
Ͻ
Ѱ˼ţôôɩԼеӡǰһֱûԼݵλкβ׵һҪδɩӣȴ֣ⷢݣе㲻̧ϡ
ô죬δɩӿǱڵʥϷĿءݣȥһ᲻
۵ֳ
ҵĺ÷أھǵˡþүҵķˣһȢˣܲѰ˼ĶԵΪ֮ģᱡˣүҲȢУˣھүΣѵʱ򣬾һֱڿȴع顭
һ㣬ҲǻȻˡ
ΣţСڵԽļˣˣֻѰ˼Լݵ΢
ҡͷ˵ˣԭͲ΢˵⾩棬ĸūŵģģ
ύʦǿȨߡ
һӦ˵޷Ƽҵʱһ˳һҡΣʱְ̣ҿ㣬ͨūſԱȵģ
˵ģȻˡ
ذҷ͵Խ˵ء
ԽĲ˼ˡҳŰɣǾү̫ˣԶԽ˼ȥһһͨĺլ֮ˡ
ֻǺЦԼѾͷЦûһ㲻˼ĸо
Ҳߡ
ҲĽĺܡ
˭Уĺء
죬Ľ޵һֱ§Ըֿ
ͲҲȥ̽ĸСߣ
˵ˣ㲻ȥһʱȥƵˣʱڣҪӺġ
Ľ޵°մأ˵Ϊʲôдء
˵
Ľ޵¸Ͻ֡ҵ˼˵ǸõġǣҲ̫¶ˡúõʵڸ켸ҲԵġƫƫҪɲɣٰӭȢţ
üһţǲȢˡ
ԩҾǲԸֿŲ뿪̫߰鷳ˡ
ĿյӣźȰοʵҲһµʱѡ
ɶҪôãУҵøϽ׼ڶʮھͰȢ
ð˵ʱأǰýƸķʽɲɣٱױҪôá
Ľ޵һηˣ۵ɵĴģҪǰЩȽڣǵ;£Ŀ㡣
գգۣûеӦ



£ԺĹ¼

һ첻ҾܵĽ²ܼ棬зֿôõİ
Ľ޵³
Сͺһġ
ûзֿģһҪֿ£Ҫ
ʵֹҲ²ܲءڣɲǵôô
ˣ㻹԰룬Ҳһֱڼ¶ġ
һ⻰Ľ޵¾ˡ
§иͣٺ٣⻹ࡣİɣʱһġĸСߣҲվһߵġԵʱǿ϶Լ档
㰡ʱĪӳȥ˲źá
ǡӡ
ˣеСΡʵ͵͵ļĸоòҲǲİ
һ룬ԭʧľͲ̫ܡ
˺ǲһڶ磬Ľ޵»ĥŲԸ뿪Ҫĥźð죬һҴӦôҲҪ棬ŰճС˴ߡ
ȵߺ½Ϊϴ
ΪûʽƸ˻ǽе
ôˣ
үҲ̫֪ˡӡǣӡǣҧеɡ
СѾͷߵۣЩΡǾͻһ·
ʵ˶ʱʱ֪أ˱ԾˣҲӡǡټƤСֻҪ΢һЩ涼ӡӡΪȫ£ʵûһ̱ԼĴѾͷţ˼һûг꣬ûܽӴŮ£ԲһӣҲǲýġԣҲֻ
תȥ·ʱȴţôҲýѵһ¾үһȥˣɵøϷһ¡
ֱϷˣҲǿĵĺܡȥҫԺһҲûСʵҫԺ⾩棬һֱû̫õ
˵Ƕٵԩ꣬һҹǻйûѧǸºݵģ˵Ǹط󣬷²İ˽ȥ
Ļ˵طˣÿ԰ȥסš
°ͲºҫԺĹ֮˵ô
ʵҲ棬ǴԺӵô¶
զúõģҪ˵ֹĵضء
ǰҲȥι۹Ǹطʵġ
棬ǹ䵴νҹҲ䵴ꡣ⾩֮أȻشһƧĵطҲ⾩漫ĵطˡ
Ҳ£Сɶطɶûһνġ
ǺǣСѾͷƬӡˣҴ߿вٵСˣ˻ʱ˶һ˭԰һӹʱҵԱˡ
˷ܡѽİҿɵúúһȻ̫ԲСˡ
ǣҪúء
СѾͷӲӵӣЦĺܡ
СѾͷƽʱηĺܡ
˵ȻһҲߵġ
ʰͣҲ׼׵ˡ
÷彻˽һЩҪˣ׼ȥˡ
߳棬زСѯʡ
ˣүڵ飬ǾͲˣ
ֻҪЩϢȷˣǾͿԹܹ¡
ǲ顣
ү£ȻҪá
ֻôһ뿪߶¶ŵĿܶࡣ
Ͼ˲ˣ˵תƣǴһЩǰĺۼ˵ǱȻġ
Ϊ뿪ȴ⸣ŵһ˵ȣҪڣͿҵ˶һ㡣ãںͿ˼ʱ򣬰һЩϸ˵Ҳ¼һȻѰһ㣬⸣ڵ͸ҲǲСġ
׵һ˾뿪˺үȥѧĺҫԺ
ڵ˵һ˵뿪
úã˿һ£ֿԷſϷˡ
һ˵ҪϷһߵǽŹܵЦݣתȥС
֮һͬеֹ
һ͵ˣƫһЩСˣֵĺܡ
Ǻǣ㲻ǰЩ꣬ھ˵˵һЩߣഺ᳤פġǸհҲ˥ϡǺǣû֣ ͷء룬ô̫̫ǰǼϷԵᣬҲоͷġ
һᣬǸҲȻˡ
ԣ¶Ϳҵľүһʦ˵ġѽ벻ЩƫǰϷӣҪԭ򣬾һ㰡ǰϷǰҲǹķǮġ
Ǻǣ˼ܲǮôСԺ泤󡣾ǳɳˣһ绨ͣҲŸ̫̫㣬ôǰЩ꣬иϷӣΪԸţ˵ء



£Сɽ

ˣǵ飬žˣôʲô
ǣԵİ޹ء˵Էһλȥ˺Ժ֪Ǹطôҿ˵ǶֹΪ⾩ķۣһƬլȴֻҪǧͿ԰쵽ǧôһƬأӵأҲֹǧɡ۸Ķ
ӴȤĶô
ӱ˵ĸϽ֣ҿɲңءǵض۸ǱˡɣҲҪꡣȻǱ˵ĵؽҲû˵ǸطΪֹ˺üء
ûļ۸֪ȫ棬ҲǺԺĵؼˡǸطҲģԷһӣͦʵġǺǣѽʱȥסϼ죬ŵˡ
أǾ͵ŹЦɡ
̸ۺԺʱʵҲ̫̤ʵԺ档
Ҳ֪ǲãԴ;Ķġ
кԺصĺܡ
СߵνĺܡԺӣһŵԼԺ䡣ҪģĽ޵µʹӡǣԺһλӡ
ūŲ˵ӵʹӡ
һƯ˫ֵ̥ܣ˫̥ãСЩԺ
Сôô簡
Сһ˫̥Ů
ǰЩʱѧ븮浱ѾͷһεС߸ǰ̺ˡ
ʱһ˫̥ѾͷһЦǰӣء𴲣һֱǰȥ˵ҲҪ鸮ǾѰ˼һЩүᷢ𡣡
һᵽѧСҲ˯ˡ
俴ѧǺ顣ǶĹȴһҲġ
ûС߸Ͻ
æ극ԺӣȴǰϤ
Сǰˣ
СͷƤһ飬СԴһЩӣȥ
ȥɡ
˵꣬һһ;͵ԭصС룬ٵһȴûСع顣һС߲ͷˡ
ôˣߣȥ
ŵĶ¸ͣ
˻С߲ͷ˵⵨Ҳ̫˰ɡյģŻ»γɣ
ꡭһᵽŵĸˡ
ҵүֹġƵС̧Ⱦ˹ȥСүͲƨϽ
ģôһѾͷ
ŸϽ㱨ӰԺĪ̸֮İԺ㵱Ϊλֵֻǧô
С߲⣬ôˣŶ˵ֹĪĻй̸֮ġУͱˡ
ǺǺǡ
ͻȻһԶ
⼦ƤһЦĴԴһӴܵС󣬡ү°
Ǭη
Сߵûú£ֻ侲ǰŽ˴Ծͳ˹ȥ
ү
ôϳ֣Ȼ£Ҳֻöһ½ţ˽ȥ
ǰһƬɽ˽󣬱㷢˻ԵصС
£ûзԵĵط
СŪȥ
СüһƬɽ¶ӵ
ֻԼӵ״Ҳپú£ֻǰ˷ߡ
үլԺȫģҲǳĵؽ硣ʮǰ˴ţطֹڡÿ굫˰ͻᷢ˵ĴūţǵҲ̫⡣Ҳû¼
˵Ͳûˡ
Сߺһۡû֮ǰ˭ߡطҸ˵ǹ෴ģΪġֻʲôдʵˡ
С˷ܵӣС
㣬ôô˷ܰүôΪʲô˼ҽլ֮ضǺµеģԼүȴ˷ܵе
ǲЩҲԷ˲ٵ顣װŪǺǡ
ᵽլ֮˽֮¶С߲˽ġ
Щ꣬Ϊ˴ﵽһЩĿģʳһЩ鱨Ҳ˽Ź֮ģװŪһֻҪʵݣҲνˡЦͦġȻڹߵСߣܸоֻΪһ
үǰ˶ٴ°һλӡүĿܲ˵⵨ƺҲ󰡡
Ҿ飬Ǻǣʱ˵ɡϽȥĸȥ
С߼ٽŲȴ֪ǰԺʱһš



£Ե

ˣ˰ɲҪء
ǰԺصС߸Ͻܹȥ
үεˣͻȻεˡء
СѾͷ¼ŵĿͿ޳
ʲôޣҳʲôˣԺ·Ҳڳһô
Сһȡһ˸Ͻͣס͸λӦɶɶŽ񿴼һСߵıֵ΢⡣
һҴææ
΢κֻ˵ǲ͹Ȳŵµġ
ѴߣŲѹ֣˵ˣ㲻̫ڲ͡ǰȰҲںˣ¶˰ɡԺɵúúýţĪǰǰΪˡ
ǣ˳˵ĶԡҲȤ
⻰С۾Ӳӵġ
㣬Ҽǵ⻰ǽ˵ء
࿇СߣŸһߵһͻˣҿûչ˵Ĺʡ
һ״ñӣСֱ߱ԩ
ҵĸ׽ιԩˡ˯ˡҲ֪˶ε⡭Թ˭
СͻȻԼͱĺò԰סΪѶӣϽԲԩСء°һסټһԺ䣬Ҳ֪ôģ̫ĵضɣҷ˯Ĳһ;鷢һһҹ˯̫õĹʣԽϲһ¹ʡ㰡ĪԹСߣļˡɶ⵱ġǰʱȥ棬һʯҲûТ˳ء
ᵽӵТ˳Ǽġ
;ܿ౻ҳۡǶŮߣҳɳΪ˲ţҪģԼҲТ˳Ȼв֮Ҳ㹻οˡ
⼡ƫ̹Сߣǰ֪ůģûоͳС͵һˡ
һԹϽ§ǣҼҹТ˳İСȷʵҲôģСܳζɡ⣬ٹ꣬ɶҪء
ĸ֣һЦ

ɬЦݣ̾ǣǳ̫ˡСʱôԵһˣһΪǸԵС̶һˡãûᰡС߾̫һЩôҲ⡣еⰡҲһ߳ȥǸò˰ӡ
һߣС߲ˣһ֣㿴ҲһƷ˲ţǸ˵һȣ˰˺ô
ҴҸ̽ĸ׵ѧС⻰ɨһۡŶǸ˵ģ㵽Ǹĸ˶ء
СĽ͡ԼüŪ۵񣬡㣬˵ô
ѣţ˵أǶˣҲء
С߿ͰͿСһɶûˡ
ЦŰ֣ҿûˣأôֻˣ£û˯ãͻˡ
ϸѯȷʵºѧ뿪
С߸һ߳һǰһ뿪źѱҴһ£ҲȻ뿪
СӣҵϣôܳģǵӣܶԵĴô
һţѧĵ٩С
űӣ磬ȥҵԺ˵ɡ·ϣײˡ
Ҫ٩ѧɫһ̧ͷԺȥ
ȥ̽ӵǸѾͷҲҪˡãһһϷ˺¡
ҡ
񣬸̤˽
С߿θҾ֪Ӳ۾ҲգҲһ𡣡
ѧҲЩһ飬ֵиĬĹǾǲǣڿ֪ˣҲΪġ
ðɣҾ˵ϵˡǰһϤȻСȥ˺һӲС˾һܵЦٽȥʱͿСڵϡߣһ
˵ţС߰һֽڤǮݵǰ
ǣⲻǰĻôЦ
ǰҵǲνĹ񡣡
ǣȴҪҵɽĹڡǸطҪôеصģҪôй߾߲һǰߵĿԾӶࡣߵˣûҪһֱװŪˣʻ̣ﻹҪͷ¶βһءӹƵ
ѧȤܡǰҲǵģ
ȷʵǴҽǵĳɳ



£׻

⣬ҪģôҵЩװŪˡܹʮһյ⸮ûһװĹʿҲΪǻ֮
СҲΪ϶ͷǵģһˣһȺ壬֮Ϊ˰ȫʱ;һԱȻҵκ˳һ⣬ǵġ
˵ѧȴͻȻֹ̧֡˵̸󡣿ʼĪȥ
ÿһطڵûһ
û񫣬ӣÿͻһáõǽڵĵط˶׼ɵʱ룬һûȴ˿졣
ȻԺȷʵֹƾʱض쳣״˼ҪҲ׵ĺܡ
ѧЦ
һСȴݣ磬Ҳ̫˰ɡҲܲ
ѧЩ꣬е飬ҲýСĲŶԵġ
ţġǲСĽԴľͻԼԸ񲻺ãǸ֮ҲһЩȥΪ˶ǣѰ˼ǻĳһĺá
С߶һۡ˵Ͳܺ𡣻ءģô򰡡
Ժֻ滹вٵصбҪȴ
ѧɫ˼
⾩ǵشһֹլԺ棬ȴŵصң֪жĵص
²ݳɣС߾ȥˡʼھص
һڿǾȫǵˡ֮˵Ϊһھ򣬰ѧһ
棬ͨﰡЩ˴һֱ˵صˡ
ͨ˴ĵص֪ͨ˺δɳ˴ӸԽȥҵ˻ʹĺԺ
˾ƿǸӵص̩ȻѧʿʱǰҲ˵
Ľ޵ȥ󣬳ʩһ
ϣ˵ҿֵļʱȻ˹ЩĹ򣬲Ǿͱװ׵ƻô
һᣬ˾Ƶɫźÿࡣ
ҿֵļʱˣȷʵҴĸǰǣôܼʱһͨ
Ҳһ¼˾ƲȻŭ
Ժϸ̲飬еĵطȫŲ̽ߣڿ
һϸ飬ֲһͨңһͨȻͨԼĻʹģһλӵĹԺڡǸӵ߾λٹŮ̼˾Ƶġ
֮ϵңȻ˸޴һ̵ð͵ñӣãõĺܰ
λᣬֻǲϿͷġ
ңﲻˣңôŮһˣ
ϣĪѽ
Ҳ룬һֱ˶ޣ֮ĪĴڡ֮£ĪҵġأҵŮˣȻںҵǮҵһаһӡ
ۡ
˿ͷصԴŵȫ䡣ǣһ̵ĵŭΨѪϴ塣
ҵлʹǣԸȥģԿԳȥߣһĴڹСûһڵ鷢Ѫϴ塣
һĺǻʹһԸ뿪ȥǣһϹˣȻԸüԼȻ뿪һʹµˣҲֻһ롣
϶Ů֮£Ҳ͵ࡣ
ÿæµµں󹬣ǲȥʡżټˣҲֻһԺȶѡ֮£¼¼ѹͲټ¼ĻʵۣҲü¹Խĵ
ڣ϶ѩǼõġ
¹ãѩСһҲ߳Ů˱ѵӰСѩҲСһ˾ߡ
ᵽĵ죬ڼæµڵͨÿ춼вٵԱûΪ˲̽ҪͨδûںԺĸɫ˲ţҲǲоصרԱҲиɫ̽Ա
֮ûץסһúԺַǷ
ںԺϢҲܿʹһߡ
ļϸûԲһֱͶ˹Ĵڣ
ǰڣڵõϢȷʵġ
һˣ˼˵ķѳ顣ǰҲţ񰡣ҲеˡӴһֱΣյڶȹŰɣ˼Ƿѱس鰡һ˲Ѿͷϧ
ϧôţû˵ȥߵҲ
ϧѾͷԼˡ
ȻôһöıߣǷ׻Ĵڡ



£ҪɱҰ

ڻ˼׻ĴڣҲûɣĸء
Ѿͷǻ˵
Ѿʮ͸ЩǱųСѾͷҲΪ˸޸ˡЩһ佱ɬСǰգͿϸ̾ѡ
;Ϣʱȴܵһ󳹹ǵ
ȵ۾ȴ졣
簡ղǲǰѱ˽ѽôܵһɳǵĺأ
ҡͷڣҵһֱţű˵ˣڣȻǳ̫ʱҲô·С֮ءǺǣѽƤء˵Цš
ͿϺǺһЦ֣û̫Ѵ·ǣ죬˯ź󶼸ܵ˳ǵĺ⡣ң״ϵʱҲʱзһԭǰܵҲͲˡ
ֱһҹͿǶһĵӰֻһĶǿԼܽܡˡ
ˣǺһĴ˻ţವأͻȻƮŷɹ
Ҫң˰ˡ
˹˲䣬ĿŲҰ׵ĹϣѪ͡ǣһѪ۾ҲѪ˿
ػѾͷǣĽȫ
ڣôˣ
йй磬йء
Ƥ˰ɣǬģôй֮˵
УȥǴ̨ߣûɶ
úúãȥơ
ֻ˼جΣҲȥ̨ߡһƣȴƼ˼ˮ
ףһճ˿ĶһɶĵζҲûԵѽ
ǹȷʵǹֻй֣ŻֶĵˮҲֻǣŻȫáҪҪ߿
ʹӿһλųģһͷʹĺܡ£ȥү̡
ҹıѹǰοһںǿ¡ûһһλֺĺܣĲѰ
˷ıѣүһλӢ꣬ҲЩƵġ
ӣҲֻǲſʼѡ
ڼЪ˹Ŀʼ
ֻԸ̫š˵̫ˡ
Ժ棬˵ԩ
ھһвٵԩҰЩūžЩĸɫСͨȵȡ
Ҳ֪Ǻ»Ǳģ˰Щ궼ȣķʦһһΡ
ԺȻ춼Ǻ 㳳ֻ֣һԺ֮ǽĸүﻹĽ顣Ҫģڻˡ
ȥ̼Ҫڣ̵Ҳÿ¡ڣһ컹˺졣ľٲ͹ȡȻӻ̥Ҳֻʱѡ
һҲԺšǣڵĸҵӰү겻Ҳŷ棬ԺҲʼȥ̺ڡ
Ҳڰһ㡣
䣬йǸͷһֱڳЦ
ҪҪҡǹģè
ڿﶼֹ
Ժ˲ź̡ʱλ̫̫ϵĿں죬Ҳᱻָž˵Ѫ
ôһڣ˶㲡
һﰦ̾ȴҲĪκΡһ죬окò˯ŵڡȴŲԼǣƤصĺܣôҲѲ
ȵһ쳣ϮͿһµ˹
ô
һ˵ķ䣬ͿŵȫŲѯʣҪУȴڿǰǵӰֻṾ๾Ĺͣ
ҵĺá
׵һгͿϵɴ۾
㣬ǡ磡
Щ꣬Һ䰡ҰɡС
ǽ硭ҪңҲȥ㡣
Ϳһֱ͹˵ϡ
ͷ絷⡣겻ҪİͿңԵͿҰҵң˵ǵͷ˽ŮΪ㳤оŷФƣԲҪһȥֻǣôӦ¡ڰ۲þãģһһУֱʤģˣǾ˺֡ҲİҪ˱ѩޣҲҵһͿ˲ء
㻹ҵ
ˡ
үүҪɱңҪҲɱģԽԽû취ֻҪסҵĵλҪҪ



£ʮǰ˽


治ңͿҵһµҩҲģ治ģǷŹңŹҰɡҲֻҪĺһ㣬Ҫµ¶ѡҪ˱ȥͿҡЩ꣬ұͿҲĥˡ̫ˣЩԽ̰
Ұ˺үˣѺү췭ظģ飬Ҳѽô죬İѱ棬ǰﳤϵĻҾֻܴԭ͡ʱ򣬻ǻȥ֯ɴĻơ ҵŮҲٲҵĹǻܲҵİ
ԺҵļҲǳ˿
С߿񣬡㣬ӻǰү̫̫ð治Ϊٻ󣬶ɶ¶
һߣѧЦ˵Ϊ˸ܣΪԵĶҲ˲һɱ˵ġ˼¶治ʲôҪ
һݹʣԽĽɽˡأĽ˵İɡ
ѧȴǹһЦҴ棬Ϊʲôѹζ
ҲԸ¶
С߸վѧһЦ
Ҳʵѽֱ˵ǿĲͽˡ
ûУˣأѶҪݶ͵ĽɽȥȻǽ£Ϊתĺá
Ľɽǰ˵𻰡
ȥܵǣ
Ľɽǰͳʷһݹʡ
³Ľɽþò˵
²û̫ķŭеģֻȻԼߡ
ڶ죬ĽɽȥԺ
ڻڴϷǵ̺
һȥͳͳˡ
Ľɽһȣŵܻ̺ŵһȺ˵ȣ̵ˣһӾɫ䡣
ǻָһЩ
Ŵ齣ТӴȴԴҡүǶҲװ˰ɣĶҲТ˳һŻк尡
һУĽɽ̬İοһ
ǽ죬ֻǿЦһľ͵Ȼһ߶ѵĺС
ֱͿϺˣŷǰˣôһֱԼء
𰡣ټˣˣ
Ľɽһ仰ŵͿɫҰסͻȻعҧгݣϣ°˵ӣٶҵģ
ĽɽһЦ񳰷ܻһȺˡ
£ͳͳȥ
룬 ˾ŵһµ˳ȥ
⸮˽ȻҲ棬Щ£ǲΪĽɽڣƺ˰
ͿϿ˶ȥˣɫҲ
Ľɽţѹ
Ϳаʮ֮ǰһһŮʱŮʮꡣʮꡣ㡭ֻԷɴ֯Ϊֱһ죬Ǹһֱ㲻ԸĸףͻȻһװǸĸˡ֪ԭݾȻͿүĽ
Ϳȫ䣬ǰˡ㶼ˣ
Ǻǡ
Ľɽǰĸˡ
ǰΪԼ
ڲ֪˵ＸʮꡣԼжôʹ˰
ΪӣЩ̫ӹˡ
ԾȪ֮µĵﰡ
Ǹĸ˸㣬ֻҪ㰴˵ȥĶŮˣкõδңڽʱǻ޳С
ǴȥĺóԵġгԲ⣬ӣģкÿ·ĶŮˣˣҲˡ
㣬ǶġһʱȥҪ˵ȥ졣
ΪٻӴԺٲһԶŮˣǺǣ㲻ϡ˼ұ϶Ǻõĺܡں˼һŮ˵飬ºҲ֪˰ɡȻǶʱôǴţһЩŮ˻ĪʱʧءԺһЩʣҲ㵱Ľɡ
ͿϽ߬ȭͷ
ĽɽһһĵһЩ˽¶һһָ
ЩΪԼصĺܺõģԸԵĹʱǰָ
Ҳò㡣Ϊ˴ﵽԼĿģΪԼδƴһһŮˡǣҲ̺ļ׵ġ꣬ΪǸ˵Ĺػɡ
˵˵ûУûС
һֱû˵ͿϣȴЪ˹
ǰûУǣʱߵѾͷһЩɫСˣҲŪˣνͣ



£Ǹ

ǸҪںүǰ֣øүעǣǡ
ĽɽЦ㿴ۣͰһĴ¸ģѹЩ㿪ʼǸ˸븸ҲǸֲԷΪ㱾£һðĺүˡҲԲŻ˽˺üȥѯʡľٶҲĿֻšЩҩôµģ棬ƽ̹̺ʱЩ·ģ
Ϳϲ֨ˡЩԸԣȴʵķԣ޷ӱܡ
ϼˣΪԼһ֮˽ӦͿҵһҡ˵Ҫôأ
ͿϾŹǲٺˡ̧ͷ״ŷЦݡ԰ǼٵġǼٵأ㵱ŮˣΪҶںЩˣҲҩˡ
˵ʲô㵼µģ
Ľɽ𾪼ˡ
Ĵ𰸣šǣŮ˵Ļ塣
͵ˣǡ
뵽𲻶
ȴǹЦţֱ
ҪһбҪ˵һЩôûǸ˾Ūġǰ⼸ŮˣǲҲĺܹŹأ㲻Ͷãƿ⸮һˣ
ԭֻΪֹŮɳϸ˵ĴĽɽҪҧˡ
㻹ʲôǲģǰļŮ̫ࡣôأôˣҪôң
ڹЦſҡͷͿǼٺͿô棬Ϊʲôֻϲ㣬ֻƿ㣿Ϊ㳤ФϺүǣ˵ĶԣϲϺүġôˣܲϲôǣȴңֻΪҵݲһҵĳһͻңȻˣΪʲôҪһֱϲ
Ϊ˴̼Һ͹µһ͵ˣϲ壬ϲΪֺҶһСԼĺӣ϶ȴҵĲԡԺ󣬾ͿʼҡȻˣʲôҵҲһšֻҪҩ϶ϣֵطһ㣬з磬Ҳֻ顣
Ů˹
ڷЦһͷİ׷ε۾ʹˡ
ľǿ˳ۡҲϲӵϺү㣬һֱһŮˡ ҸЦݣ̼˯ž뵽õķӡʱ򣬿϶벻⸮棬˻ǡĽɽǲҪʧʹģԵģҾҪۣҲҪ֪ϣŮ˵³ʲôҾǷˣһʮķӣôع
˵ţһҧ
ĽɽľϽһǯ͡
˼һ治Ըȥ
˵꣬ϵˮݺͿϵǿйࡣ
ȡ
ҩû飬Բûеǿϴ죬ͿһöҩͿϳ׵ķˡ
ȥȥ
ӣɸˣһΣүҪ㲻ϲҪһˣƨɣֶĵı飬ΪһԵģõģְǵġ
ͿǳͶĵСȥȥ
ˡ
˵Ľɽ
ˣȥҪú̺ˣ˾˵ҪΪԶϲ͡
һ𣬽ֵϣһĸˣ˶ͷ㣬ȫŧڽֵһ档
ÿҪԵһ㷹ֻܱ۵Ľл̣
һл컻ŻĥһˣҲҪֶĵģֺ˵һЩٶ磬͸Щ۵Ľлӿ֡
ΪȡˣûˣҲҪ̧ƨɣһлǸֳ졣ˣȴǸˣһȡ
ڲĵʱֻǿйԵġ
ǣҲͣ±ݡ
ʱżһģƤһˣǣȥݣеĺӾţϽǹǹ
ĵᡣ
һ죬ĽݸļүǳˣôΧۣҲǰȥ
ϸ˿ǣϥйȥ¶˷ܵĹâ
ôªһˣ·ҲûУǿ°
µǣôˣô˼Լ¶
Ƥ˰ϻ˯žġ
߰ɣҪٿˡöĵģ浣ĺþö˯ŵġ
Ľݸ̣ɨһǸ˥ϵеĸˣתǣԼĺ뿪



£

໡
ŭ֧¾ˮ
ҲĽݸ棬ǸһٻǰҲǷ컵ˡ
ڵ׵ˣҲϳԼ
ǣǡ
ԶĽݸ
ǸĽɽǺˡ
֪ǵҲӦǸҺ͹͵ĺӰ
Ǹˣôأ
һ̻Ϊżİղѡ
ԶһлͷЦţʼŸֿںţżݡ̧ƨɣչ¶ԼƤиܵĵطôϻġֻҪݵĺˣͻõһԡҲܵõһֹģֹʹҩȻֻʹĻš
ΪԼĸһ㣬ľǲԼ
һ̣Ѱ˼ôһӣͼɶء
ʱΪпڷԣŬӣֺЩˡ
ͿΪٻΪ˵õĺҲǲϵĻţŬģšСĽȹÿһ죬ֱȨաǣأͷ·һת۵Ĺеٻʧ
󣬻š
˰Ĳƽǡһ죬ڽֵϱݡǸԶԶվڽֵϵģһĹ
ʱɫ䡣ֻǵĮĿԼ绨ĴһĨ
һ˲䣬ڷŭˡ֨۽ţűƵĸ첲ϿǸˡ
ǣȴ绨һЦˡ
һ˲䣬·𿴼ʢǣȴֳǵ䡣
㣬߰ɡкκÿġ
С߰Ѷú󣬹ˡ
ջء
С߲뿪
ǸźùŹֵġһˣżҲֿġ
֮ˣɺ֮ǰǲ֪ʱ˼̫֮أ
⵽Ҳǣôᱻ˶ϳģء
С߲֪ǵĽݸڡ
飬ѧ֪ٸġ
ʵѧҲ
Ů˾ӦúúںԺŵġ
һƳһλͷĺӾήˡ
˵³
Щûбֵ̫⡣
ӵ³̫Լҵġ
ֻһˣͻŪ
Ľ޵µĸףĽɽר裬ԾͱţӶ͵˶³ʵģȴǱ̫Ūġ
ˣϧ˵Ĳҡ
ˣҽ첻˰ɣҲǣôôأ
һᵽ¶ЩΡ
ǰĽ޵С߻ͦĵġֻǣĽ޵һҲǸôߵˡ
֪ѧظ󣬱ǿפĴ޵ĸ¥
ƫƫҲôġ
һѧһľͻˡöǰ
ǵõʱĽ޵±ܵĲҿ
ӣҪжҡ۹ֽв˵һˣҺ˵ӣǿٴפ˺Ժ
òװˣ죬֪˵ӻ᲻ء
뵽Ҳǰü
㰡Ҫ˵ͱ²ˣȥɡҽĺֻܰ˵Ҹĳϲˡ̧ǺԺûƼɫӴǼνǲҸˡ
ҲŲܹأǴ򣬴һǺݡ
ҲǶ˵顣
һ˰ɣ˵ֻһο
һ޳ܵ˵Լ˵ĺأҪŲܺת
˺޲ðߣ״ҲʵΡ
ˣ۵жҪ˰ɡʱ䣬ҲӦõء
ָЩš˵֮ӦǻˡǵڻӰҲ֪ǲ·ϳ״Ͼ·Զģ˭Ҳ״ǲǻᷢ
İɣ˵ǽȥ۵͵˾ءٺ٣ż࣬һӶԲġ
ǣ˵Ķԣ˭ǼҾ㳤ÿء
С߱һ˵֨ۿ顣
ҵĸ㰡صıӰ˵Ҹͷµġ
ǰ˵˧Ļô
С絽ڶŵġ
һᵽ磬Сֺĺܡ
㰡˵۵Ĵɩôأ
ȥ˼ҡ⻹ûʽƸɶģô˼һǵģ㵱Ǹ׵أ
ѧδޣȷˣ⾩һֱֹСҲһֱȢһλ
˵һλȴҲǲСˡ
Ȼʮꡣͣھ˵ǲŮҲв˼ң׼޵ġҲǷ壬ŻֹͣУһֱȢԼ



һʮ£᲻Ӵ

Ҳ֪ɩôˣɩǰһλô
ʵй飬Ҳ֪ļ١Ҳ֪һġ
ţˣ˵ڱ߹פʱȢġ˵ĸ鲻Ȼ֮ҵˣԵˣĺҲкüء˵Смɷ׼ˣ
һᣬС߾ͷԹ԰ҶȻӳ׼ҵĺȫˡ
΢΢һЦ
ҲȷʵҪôӵĴء㣬ǼҾ군ˡɵƺðɣһ۵㶨ǱŶĴڡ
Сľˡ
ˣ˵ˡȹҰɣҲ֪ʲôʱܻ
ڽ˵⻰ʱҵſڣһͣһ߳
򹫰͵ˡݻᣬʱٳһ
úãлܹһ·̣һӿɻ·Ʈء
򹫿ˣһ·ĸء
ܹ֮վںԺǰ
̧ͷɷĴ֣ҡͷԡ
϶򣬵۶ȷʵǲһء
ǰ˵ˣǲһġ
ǺǣЩ棬ϴЩ涼ʲôôô˴Ժأ
֮棬ҵĺܡ
һ뿪ôãҲ֪ôˣ
˲òȷֿ
˻˵һ䡣
ֻ˴˽ʱ¶ǣһչ˺⼸ӵġ
Ҳ֪ôѽ
͵ء
СĹﱧ
СټԺ䡣ǴӴԺͻסô
ţӴԺ󣬿ܾҪסڴ˴ˣ
ѧҲǸӵĺܡ
ǵôӡǣԼֻʮʱ뿪˼ҡôˣҲ֪ôġ
һ鸴ӵߵԺǰпԺĻˣϽԺ롣
ү˰ɣѽι̫̫˺þãС㹫Ӹһֱǻһ춼Ҫſڡڿɺãˡȥ֪ͨϷˣйµļ
Ǻǡ
֮Цş̌Զ
һĨӰײײĳʱλݵүҲ
֣Խľǰ硣
һԷֱ߰ķޣһطһȴֻ֣ţ
㣬㰡ҸӵĵҪءǡʱСߵſ
Žţ㿴һѵӡԼԶ˫Сһ۾һŽԺˡ
һźоԼʱҲˡ
һǸϣ硭
վѧߵĸ˸Ͻͱͱӵýء
Ͻ̧ۿˣɩ
ţңǻء
ҽг¶ɩӡǺǣЩ㼸ֶֶŮģĪЦСڱ߹Ҳû档
¶ͦģơһ˼棬һ겻ѡ
һЩ͸ϽȥŸסġ
ѧļŵǵһԺ䡣
ջϴһ˾֮Ĵ£λ㣬ߵݣһ״ȵȡ
һ꣬͵ʱ֡
ֿ֮ãһ˵һ˿ڶľһ֮ԼĸŮһʱǸиš
ǾޱЩΪ㣬ˣܰǵĺ˳Ȼɫ㹦û
ҲأǵĶʣΪǼҿ֦ɢҶµĹͲ١
һᣬ¶㻹˵ЩǹŬءΪһһˣʱϢһ£ۼСȥ
һȤһ˶ֺǺǵһСߡ
СͺЩԼҶɩӡɩ̫ƫѽ滹дأôָŴ˵Ҫһ˵
¶ӦĺܣͦͦظٳһѧֿһСߡ
ȣ߰Ҳ˵ˣɩǼ͵ĳԡ˵ɣɩ۸šԾǿˡӴ󲮰ȣǣһȥˡ
⻰ʵڵӴСǾޱһ¶Ӻãֱͣϲ
Ǻٺֱ֡ҵ뷨һҾ¶飬˵ģ
ǣҶӵ۹Ⱑõġ
ǣô۹ЩŮǲˣҲ̫ԲסϵĴаһӵĲЮ
һڡ֮񣬡Сʱ򣬶ֺһСѾͷڶô󣬼Ϊˡ᲻ãǶһЩɡ
⻰ѧЦˡ



һʮһ£㵽ǰ˭ѽ

ҲãǼӦöһµİɡѽŮеҪޣȥ챶ܼ尾ĸ֮и˰ɣФŰǼҹߣɵÿһЩ
ɫ΢磬Ǵס˾Ϳʼ״ء
һ߳¶Ҳ塣
СðҾ㻹ǶһЩʱĺá
䣬յǰ
㽲ǵõ˾Ͳ̫ϡġһֱŰһֱǣϵġ
ɩӡ˵ҺСͲĹϵˡ
ٺ٣ҵûˣʱˣѽʵĴڼһһأҲûϤһ⾩ȡ
һߣȻҲͬţҲã㻹ǶסһЩĺáĹﰡһ˸͵Ϊļͥæµݡһ룬ʱŶٰһ޳ȥɾһ˼ҵ˶ȻҵĹչ˵޳ȥˣԼǣˡ
ֻΪ˸֪˽⣬˸Ҳʧȴ˹ɡҲǼʱﻹҪ㼱űء
ȰЦݣĵͷ
Ǻǣòһһˣô׵ľͳˣĻš
ںүҲû̫鷳¶ʱǼ޹ȥҲֻԴһʱ뿪ǡһ룬һµ
ãһЩ
˵䣬ǰ㱨
үˣүء
ЦСӣҲڿ졣үǼҹ˼˵ͨˣǹүҪǵĹ£ÿŰźá
ڵԼðŮΪһȻ͵ñˡһ룬֮ĺܡ
ΪԵʣĽ޵½ʱ򣬱ƼԼ˶ףһ಻׽ӡڣ˳ƤãҲ𣬸Ҫ˼תĿ졣仰ʱ䣬ŮͲԼ̫˴
ڣһֱ˴򽻵ϰߵˣɲ֪һġƣֽĥī̺ĻλŮŸɡ
֮ˣҲûƼСĥ˰Ĺ򣬾һĽ޵¸Ƿ˼ʣԭֻһͨĻǱ֮
ֱʣǰ֮շĳһһۡº̸黭֮Ȥ̸޻˵޻̸ٵĽ޵Ҫ뿪ˣ˷᲻á
СŰôȥĶడȻЪϢһҹ
֮õĽ޵һ۾զȻѩ
лޡ
һߣѧֱԡ
ȵĽ޵³ȥˣԹ֮
ѵСӵģɵãȻСӡ֪ûʱСӾŸֽڣһֱǵĸ氡˵ۼǱôҳţȥеŮء
ŮкβõģҵǾðɣСţǾͿ԰һֱõߣõ¶ˣԺһԺ䣬ʱһ۾;ۣá
ѧ۾һ
׸߼ԿܲܰСǿ˵ʱҵŮ
⻰ͷҲڵʹĶ
ֻü֮ѧ뷨
磬ҲΪ˼׵Щ䵽Ľݸ浱ūţǲ顣СԼҲڻϸǰۡһοƿ˿϶ǱġŮˣñ˱ӣ
ŮĸʱЩ΢ʡ
еЧģҲģȥŮ
ѾͷĽ޵»ûܾأ㵽ǷˡѧҪţ֮˰ɣ˵Ѿͷĸ첲յģô⻹ûأھ͹յûˡ
֮ҲǺǺǵЦҪ˵ɣ˵Ҳġչ飬Ůõе͵ģûһԸ⵱ŮġСԭǸɫˣĽɽ̫ãչ˵ҲĶӰ
ǵ˵Ҵ簡Ͱ˵˵ҵվһߵˡѧʾǿҵıӺͲ
ѧĵԼͷʾ̫ΣͷôǵҲְһСľͱ˴·
һۣ֮εЦһСŮίЩмܲסء
ȣˣ飬ȥ̽ɣ
£Ҳǲ̽һµġϾĽ޵ĽݸҲó衣ܳΪŮһһڵġ
뵽ĺܡȻôأ



һʮ£ʵҲ

һ죬ȵĽ޵Էһ̵ĺĽ޵³Եıĵġ
Һþûĵˡ㲻֪߻ˣС߲ˣҲڣжܾжܰ
ţ㻹Ҫһô
Ľ޵¶ྫһ˰һ⻰գգ۾ǲʲôң
ȣʲô㡣ģʹðɣĽɽ ̫㣬Ҫеһ
ô룿
Ľ޵µνĺܣʡ
㲻⣿̬ȣ񷴵ǲٶˡ
кκýģŮûԽԴУҾ͵ŮˡһĸܶӲ
ģƿԡ
ǣСŮһֱ˼ЦĴڡҪģŮ˿ǸûгϢˡ㣬治ίԼ
кκίģϲ㣬ĸСҲܸܵװ顣Ľݸ棬Ǻǡ
˵תˣȻָĽɽ
ţȴٿҪǰһףϵĸסȻȴܿЦǰ漸÷ȥţҲܾˡ
ôȥ²ǰ취
νġʵҲᵱҵŮǣҪ
У
۾ˡܵءĽݸڵʱԡ
һжΪҸʥ̸׵ˣȳȥʮġʱٻһͷԺʱҲʱָˡ
ڵĽݸֻʮʱ⡣Ҫ˵Ҳǲܵġ
һǷָҵŮҲ࣬飬һȥĸ˵أҲԸġ
Ҳá
ԽԽеˣ־Υĳɾ͸СţԭСˣŽһУо˵ĺá
ţĽ޵ҸĴչþò׹ˣ
Ϲ룬򸮡
СӣɳҲͰˣҲԽĻء
ҼҰҲӣ㲻ôҲһҵøĸ˵һԴֿ嶼ˡ
Сӣв
ݺݵ
ʵ㲻ԽԽô壬Щܲס
סʵܣֺγùء
ϵʱϰи΢ߡһˣʱ̵ȫܣƫƫûˮ߳ӣ޷˵Ҳֻһôš
¶Ī˵˵һա
á
һܻ᲻ԽĿһؼҲϤġÿһʱ˶Զǡ
˲һĽ޵²ȥ֮
дֵһʱĽ޵¾Ϳ
ôˣģôǸðأ
Ľ޵̾ҲСʱ̥ﶾҲЩ֢ÿתůʱԽܡ
֮Ҳ̾۵һ㶼Ҫܼ尾ҲΡ
Բٹ°ȥҲһĪĹƶһϣͻȵܡǰһ𣬻໥ż˴˵ʹࡣڷֿˣˡ
֮ˣСӹ⣬ٰ⻰ͷϡʵҪԼ˵Ҳż尾ġ
Сӡǣǲ֪״ҲͰˣ֪ˣܹܲ˰
СӣôŮߡɸˣ¹ôĽڣҺŮѵһһôҲðľһЩ
֪֪ءʵɣŮôصıҲǹġżʫ˵ʱҪŮһһ̸һѩ֮ġҲ㰡˵һڣȻһ㣬Ҳνô
֮ݿˮͨģһѧӣʧǡ£ֻһᲽȥ
ȷʵȶ֢֮飬Ҳŵ֪ЩʱѾͷѹҡ˵ת࣬ҲǺСһġһ߶ҵһСѾͷ
Ů״Ҳ̫˽⡣ҵغһϸѯʡ
Сǲô˯šЩʱڸʱ򣬵Ҳ¶Խ˯áüΣ϶һϴ衣
⣬ҿŮӴһл
ֱԹԼ̫ŮֻżСŮԼұˡ



һʮ£Ǹ쵰Ӵ

СӣԸˣ͹
л˳ȫҵҸͷú˵һȻɲ
֮ٿСӣĶ˳ˡЩʱôСĶǺõء֪ôߣ㻹òôᷨ
Сӣ취ҹˡ
ڶ죬֮˾濪ʼʢԼŮ
ңڿĳƣΪŮһʫǻصһۡΪ˷㣬ԾǿСסˡ
˰Ǽ׵ءҪ˵ʱŮ֮ģǵǿһЩȻǻǺ۸ء㲻֪ҼǸСЩĸ̫ڽһ㡣ɺãԸ СǲӦļƣʮ֮ķӣҪ־͵жְ
˴ȤӴ˵ͿǿƵĹһ˼ˣôһЧɲô
Ҫô˵ġŹ˲ţõ˰⾩棬ĸΪŮġʵͷңҲϧ˼ĲǼңֻܾʹաȥ˵ǿƹĽҵȰ
԰԰˰вѽջã·ҲǺõĺšһҲǶԼºùһ
֮ôҲû뵽ԼίŮҸͷ
ȴ˱˶Ĵڡһʱ䣬ԼֲǸɶˡֻã˵Ƥ
ƾĽ޵еŮȷʵҲǴֵõءչ˵Ľ޵µĲ͸Ƕء
ᵽ򸮣Ľ޵¿νˡݵģҪѧ
ԭΪ԰ѸеԼһһԸĽ޵Ƥ
˭֪׻ǳˡ
һѧߵĵط
Ϊÿλ˸һĽ޵¾ͱñŵЦݣһλţǫűš
ʼʱѧͦģԼֻܿԼġֱһ죬εԼתĽ޵¸ӹػѧһˡ
˵СôôֻǶĥ˵īҲ°ϸҰҹѡЩƽʱҲһڲһæѡбҪܵǰǰ࣬ǰǿһԹĿɶӡǺǡ쵰ҿžôôǸأ
֮ľˣЩͬƳԼҶһۡ
ԣ蹻˼ңҲֻġתİȴǸˣҲǣ
ѧӣСӼ黫ĺܡ
㰡˼ôģͲҸ˻һ
һᣬѧưˡ
ҲԸġʵǣ顣ԼʦѲңҲǿа˴ӻƷɽקɡҲ֪ĻƷɽǶˣͽܿǼ޵ġе㱾£ܵ˻Ʒʦ̫ķء
ѹﰡҳžǸ¶ĲȢŵġ˼Сţô˵ҲǸТ˳һˡһī⣬һ˵Ļأߺߣ˵㰡Сӣһˡܣ˼ҺӶѽѽ˵Ҿ͵ȥҵСȥǺӣƤʵĺܡ
һᵽСӵ֮ǷŹѧ
ϸ뿪ѧҲǳ
ҺӦóѽһ͵ңٲȢţԺˣء
һᣬҲǷĺܡ
ȥ˻Ʒɽ
뵽ѧ޲÷ɵǸƷɽȥ
أ
ʻݣȴ񲢲
ﵱȻȥˡ㲻֪ǾүҪԵʱôͷ˶ڳæء
ҡͷ
⸮˼ҲǹŹֵĺܡһͣôóöʱ򣬲СȥϴˣǷȥ
ƫƫԺһУľġ
Ƿˣ⵫Ƕļͥ˶ŵģҲǰֵġԷҰ֮⣬չ˵λأҲŶżķˡĵһ飬ԼĸϲĶʱʱ˷˴˵ǶԷչǵĳʳȵȣ¿ƼСǣȴȴҲǴĵͼ



һʮ£ʵķദ

°ҷҲԽидء˵ɣǲĸСӶˣ
ĸȤĴչ
ȴǸϽҡͷ̫ˣֻижѡˣȥС㡣״Ԫôˣ
Ľ޵Ҫȥƾ١ʵĲѧ֮ƾ٣ҲһʽѡҪ֪ʱڰϰˡ
ɾǺӵġ
˼࣬Ҫʲô
۹𻨣ǱҪȥժġа·ٺ٣ЩҲǱҪõģ
һ˴ĺɫ·Ϳ˰ɣ滹Ҫ
һĺ·Ϊѡ
һ׵ĺɫ·˵ҪġȻɫϲ죬Ǿ𸣱ءҿɸ㣬Ҫһ͵һ졣Ȼܲһڵȥ԰ɣĿƾ٣˭һɫȥԵģ
ðɣ˼ͼ飬ҲУǶһȥϡСžͲ˰ɣ
СŸҪһĺɫҪԵԱⲻǰæô
ðɣСšĬһ䡣
ţһĽ޵һĺɫϲ³ȥٱ˵ɺΧ۵ĳӣȴҪĸ˴ס顣
һ룬ҲǰЦͣ
ɫ££м࣬𻨣Ӧ׼ģȫ׼׵·ã߳ʱͿĽ޵»ڵͷԼһɫϲ·
Ҳһĺɫ
Ľ޵ϲǰԼСӣһĺɫ·ϲĺš
ò˵һϲɫ·ȷʵǺÿҲ󡣴ûźɫ·Ľ޵£һֻ̳죬Ҳˡ
ǵͷһƳķ飬ȫڡ
컹ǲҪȥˡҳֲ˳ŵġ
еģһﻹСߣҪ³ء
ðɡ
СҲҪȥӦԡһǿĺãҲᱻȥˡϾ˲̫ˡŵĹˣ֮١ʵѧ뷨ǲС³ġ֮ƴͲˡǣָҪС³ǲòӡң³óƽʱĹȻҲǻġ
Ҳһĺϲ·н㣬գհһ£һӵĺɫϲ³֣Ҫ³ʱ򣬹ȫ˶ÿˡ
Сǡýϵϲ·Цֲ֧
ЦУŤˡ
ֻǣȵ֮£ļӽη֮ģȫһĺɫ·ʱˡ
㲻Ǹˣ⼸춼Ҫźɫ·ɣ
ĺܡĳ
ǰø㽲һЩǰ顣ɸˣǰڼҵʱ򣬾һǵŰΪϣҰһЩˣȻ׵ĺɫ·ţҲţһһӾ˾١ٺ٣ӴԺҾţǴ鷢ʱǾ͵ôźɫ·ͼ
ָȫԺһƬ죬ǣͼҲŰɡ
һԺˣȫôźɫ·
֪ģһҪء
Ľ޵£ȻǰһƬɫۣӲͷƤ￪ģɡҾãҲġҪ˼ô˵ҲǺɫءɫȷʵϲġһ³ԣȫϲ켪ɫҺС߿϶Ҳеġ
˶ûɶ˵ġһźɫ·ͷ˼Ҵʱϲĺء
Ҳٶ˵ˡҶϲɫǾͼˡ
һӵʱ򣬲˶Ŀӡ
еڵ֪˾ȻĽ޵һλʱһĸˡ
ѽôûźɫ·ءʱǵҪҴɫ̫ۣû˼ĽݾŹӶͼ飬ôͻšŲء
İ㿴⸽ɻ򵽺ɫ·үңҲҪźɫ·³Ҫȡһף졣
˸УɰֺǵСƣɣɣ˵Ҫһĺɣ᲻֪¶ڿɺãһӴ
أ˼㻹ô
˵Ҳ˵ˣѯʸλ
ǣ˵Ķԡ
ŵƯ˵ԵءС塣
һΧ۵˶ŹЦ̧֣죬ѽСӣôҲ˵Ҫ͵Ҫ͵
Цݣ໥ҪһĸӣҲֵСΪҪСߺĽ޵·ǲϧȰ



һʮ£Ƕȼ

ҪҪϺü죬һ׼ĳʳҲ١ֻǲġ
˵ÿһĿεļ̌ߵģҲ֪ô̾
һߣ֮νİ֡޷ģҿСӻģز¶ġ˵ˣͷӶܴĳǻܲȥ
õ㶮ʲô㣬ôһЩܼĻơҲһֱûСŲһ⺢ӴСܺʴһҪء
һᣬĸŲˡ
ѧϽҳŰСӿɻչԼءյȥģŰɣ˶վųġ
Լ˻ܲŰ
СƽʱͦóԣҲչԼġҲ˶ѡԳվŵģ̧ų
Ҳ̫ġʵӦˡ
ůģӣԵɣԼɫĵȵȡ
·ˣҲ˺üšеˮˣֻҪԼ˵ϾͿʳõġ
Ľ޵ºСǹܵĵԣֻ»ӦԵġ
²Ľ޵ȷʵġȻСԽһЩһЩӦԵĿЩġǷҲ֪չ˺Լ
ѵԾĽ޵¾ͿʼһߴΪԼ׼ĸɫʳ
һӦȫĸɫϣЩ֮ģҿһƿԼϤհ
һĽ޵¿ʼջࡣ
ʱϡ࣬Щˣиɫˮ⣬Լɲ֮ģӦζġ
Ǻ֮ģҲ׼˲١һЩϺ֮ģЩһЩ棬ζʱٶһЩǰͱǰϸˮˡʢʱ򣬾ϼƬ⣬һЩˣζôһɱȰ
һĿٴˣһŨζǼ˺üڣƲסһʳζƿŽһλڲĿռ棬̾͵ĸɫ˻нˣԼõɫ෹һʱԭأһĿôǰѴ˴еĵطء
ѽѲӰС࣬ˣǵȹܱӵôǺǡ
Ľ޵Ĵк
λǶļõ෹࣬ƺÿؼģǺŵĺܡζһƷֻ࣬Ҳһζɡ
׵ĺŨɿڵĹףζôһ˵ð
Ľ޵׼ģһλһֱԼķ࣬գ鴤ţҪҲһ𳢳
ȣҪ෹ǲǻס
ҲƤġҪ˼ҵʳȻҲ˵
򵥵ĳһС˼ֱˡ
Ҫ԰ɣһλȴǽԼһѶٺĿʳæȥҾͲˡ
ҪϢСӣ֪ǿ⿼УֻҪһ仰СӾ͵ñȥҪۣȴƨɶ׼ֱӺĿʳ
Ͳ֮ģȫҼ׼ġ˵ˣǰ׼ʳ˰׳ԣ᲻ĵġҪԣͰ˴ؼȥ³ˡԾл˼ϲʳĶʩ֮顣
СӵĻŵҲԭ֮ƽһһһˣʳ棬û׵ĶúÿԺлٶ档
Ľ޵ºݺݵͷˣ˵ļԡ
ԺԵ֣һдѽ
һ仰˺ߺһҪҲСӵ汾²СֻǣתʼһţƿļʱȴǾˡ
ɶ¹ѧԺ棬һӾȡһһλ
ԭ˼ôȻݣҲûеİ뵱ԼֻԶԶһǾģͷ·һ
ԭСӰǿɿ֮ءöעһ˵һλһԣһ³档
һ룬Ҳֵ÷һ㡣˼ʵѧõ֮ôÿξһʱһλ˶ȥƤļ˼ҵʳû׵Ŀԡ
ȻĽ޵ÿζʳĺܣҲܲסһһλĶΪˣĽ޵εº̾øлΪҶ׼ЩȻֻһǻҵĶġ
ʳĽ޵£һ߿ԣһߴȭҪôڿԵĵϼȦӲһߵʳãһ߶塣˶ĻҵʱȴĺһЩ˽ʱһλˬ߳ʱ˵ɴ۲š
˺⼸ٶһλоʾ⡣ķɷʽܲˬźá
Ӵ߳ʱͳſ棬һƬĺɫĺ



һʮ£һƬӴ

Ľ޵۾ſһƬһƬĸɫɫ
ҵĸιⶼǡɶ˼
СߴţֹŽӻ˵ô϶Ǽҵĺɫ˴ȥںö˶ѧء
ţ
Ľ޵¿棬ǹһء
ڿ˼ҵͬǣҲɻˡһɻĹֲڵģĽ޵ɬλðɣܲÿһ㣬˺ü죬Ҳֻؼء
ʱ˲Ŀ󽡿ɫʣλǴ濼Գˣ
ţԵأǾǴ濼Գˡ֪ôôʣ
ԹعӦԵĿˣûһҪˬǲŴӶȼʤسһǣڿԣ
һ˵Ʋ ֻԻȵĴ˼죬һųȲľͳ˳ȻΪʲô˼ҺĿǻûǾͳ嵽ءӴһλǱ̧ء
顭
һλҲεˡ
µĸɫ
Ľ޵ºС߶һۣ̯֣ʾΰؿɼǿǺӦԵĿġ
Խǽ֮󣬿ԶһƬɫмһ־Ų۵˫ۣĽ޵²Խľܿ˺ü
ҳˡ
һߣЦŴȤ֮ɣ˵ŮһضֻġƫţԼǶôҪ̩ɽϧӴ
һϧЩĳŪɰ֮ĹǺǰۣ˭ŮҪȴӵĵһۣ˵϶һҲλáŮ߶ֻǼҵŮǵһλġ
ǵ˵ԼƿŹĻˣŮƽʱҲԼദ̸ļϵôţŮҲڵһʱ俴ġΪһ㣬վǰҪСӵһʱ俴
ȻŰĹʵͺݺݴеˣΪʲô޲ԼִվۡţΪǰ˽һʵˡ
ȡ
֮ʣţҪĽ޵иͷҪءֻǣĽ޵»һ˵ڿһӦ顣
һߵСߣϸôԸϽǰôˣĪˣ
һ£֮òиţްҿжӰȻָźøûĵģǻȥ
Ц̫̰ģСôҪãҲࡣ
һ˵Цߡ
һ죬˻ûţһ±ϲ
죬ԶԶģС
үϲϲ
Ľݾүϲϲͷ״Ԫ
Ľ޵µͷ״Ԫ˲̫ġ
Ͼһλǰ̫̬ˡ
ǶСߣȻ˽Ԫʾǲ⡣
Ҫ֪СƽʱǺֵܻѽôһӾ͸أ֮ҲܰҲǲˡ
⻹˵ô濴ЩĿһЩ顣һдֵ顣
˵ôɣôƽʱ¾ôĲǿ⣿
ٺ٣ΪƽʱԸͷҪ۽˷ͷߵ˵ϡжһĿôѽ
СߵӣЦҡͷ
СӵĺƣϹèײӡ
Ľ޵²ʣ԰ڳͷİСһ⣬Ϳʼβء
ʵɣСҲȷʵǴϻ۵ġǰԸ̫ո¶ͷţΪֻһӶѡ
һ仰Ľ޵ˡСǴϻ۵ģǰԸ̫¶棬Ϊ
İɣʵСߵҲ֪ģû뵽ǹôࡣһֱãһˣûҪ̫ڲҴŵġ룬Ϊ˲ҵģСҲѹš
Ҳǣ̫ո¶ͷţǻءչ飬ǻҲֻһͨūŶѡ
һεūŵ飬ȻҲȷʵĨʵ
һĽ޵֪Ҳٶᡣ
һԱ״ԪʣȻһŮҫȫǵ˶̾Ϣ
˸ǶĽ޵˳̾ѡ
ǸСӰ¹ѧԺʱ򣬾ܱһӹŵĵһǽ붼١ҪΪҵŮϧ˼ҲԸӴ˵ͶҵǸѾͷ˻һѾͷ
ǵǸѾͷ
ɲô˵ڵңҲݱĺˡ˵λӹ⵷ң׽Ū˵ġɣңӴԺ󣬾Ǵ֮Ұңңһû¡Ĵء



һʮ£

ˣ˵Ҳ𸴵С
϶ô˼һң֮ҲǸˣгϢھ棬ǰа˻ϲٵæʱãʱ
һҫӴ
ǰ˵˼ҵѾͷ䲻˼ңĸֵ֣ܣǲ䣬ĺš
ɲôŰȷʵġɼŹȷʵġ
Ǳѽ

оˣңĽݸһƬڡ
˵Ľ޵º˵ǵࡣڵ֮࣬˻ȥһת
һεĸʾͬʱԶ޳ǣҲ˷Ű֮ա
ˮŴ۾ѰԼ֡ȻȥûǸ֡ĬȻʧⶼǵڼοأ
˰ɡȥͷҲҪء
ҵΪ˷ǰ;ҲϵʵҪѷǺʣԽÿˮ֮СϣǸϣߡ
̾һ˳Ⱥ
ȺУһεо֮¡
ǸԪȻҵ˰ңһҰɣҲ֪ҵ֪ˣˣǲǻڵ겻ӼҺء
Ǻǣ˵ĶһܸУ˵ƽˣϴ˵İ¡
ҡ
ˮ۾ɴתϽץסһѯʡ
ϲ˵ĸң
ϲ⼱еӣָָǰļ
Ӧ˽Ԫһλ˵һλһǵϼĪĸϵء벻Ǳ͵˼ң⸴һԪӣγܹ⸴𸴰
һ߶ӻ
˵ϢҲѽ֪ģѽɲֹһλԪˡ
ŶһλǳߵˣѲɣڻܰˣôС˵һ
ǺǺǣҲǲŴӾǻûŰʱ򣬾ǾڴҵĴ֮ˡǰɣҵһүһλŹӿˡ˵һλŹӣǿܳ˲Űôɫ¹ѧԺڳĸλ˵ɣ
һʣˮҲŵͷ
˵ء˵ǾһѧԺ֮һѽ
Ǻǣ˵һ֪ģǶѧˣȫЩܵѧǣܽĵطǾǵһЩǮƵ˼ңҲֻ޵һЩÿΪЩյҿǴͷ
һ㣬Ҳĺܡ
ô˵Ҳֻһܽ¹ѧԺģɼѧԺжôı̬ѽ
ʱϳǱһλѧԺӡϷҲš
˵һŲɵġ
ǸС磬Ͻ˵˵ҵŮôˣ¹ô
Ǻǣ˼¹ѧԺȱԵʱһٶھĴڰ˻˵ˣֻǱԵһЩ̫óĴڡеóĶûȥءȫԣ˵һѧԺھΣô³
λϷ˾ܣѧԺһôôİ
λ˻ȴҡͷϷӰȻɣһǵ˵ǧȷءȻô𾪵أ
ǲţȥһ֪޴˰Ҳ𾪵ĺţ֪ˣвٵġ
˵֮ģĻɰһ˶̾
Ҳ֪ǽĺ˵ȻӵһŮɷŮҲǷ׿֮˶ҼǵãλˣҲǸ˶
ˮԼĸףԺҲǸֳĸƯݡҪ˵ĸףȷʵǼƯ˵ѽ
Ҳвٵĸˣһȣ˺öء
һλ𾪵ģҵ겻ȫǳҹʧٵĴӵô
԰صĿǣĪҵĴҵˣ
ˮ˼eǼѡ
簡
һᵽˣԽľ뵽˵ĴľָһǴ̵ϷʱĴͳԣǣºȴΪ׸Ǽûйϵĸ˸ʧˡ
Ǻǣֹҵ˼ϻ˰ڵŵܹܣɾһλ˰ţǸʲôĴڣھˣйٳϵˣضİɡ



һʮ£ǿɻԭ

֪Űһʲءһ˻ϵΣǺǰ;һطöϵ˽£г֮ģһųǺǣңǵѽ
԰˵Щ¶˵ءҵļ嶼һ֦ڿɺãʮĹ˼ء Ǻǣֻ£ҵ֮ˣڲء
ֹҵ˻ڣҿҵĹҲڰɡ
ҵĹ˼չһˣôţҲԭµġǺǣ֮˰ɣɾͲһѽ
ҲһҾ֮ˣԱԭµġϾҪĴڡ֮ȻûշţҲֻһ֦򵥵ءҪѼģ󲻱ĴڣĸһһŽϵġ
˵Ҿã˼ҿɲ롣ϾѵʱΪԱǲܹԼˡǸҲɡ

˫Ϊҵ𸴷һִʱˮȴǳĬŴȺ˳
߳ȥ̧ͷա
ҵˣˣǣһȥô
ġǣôҵ˵ˣȴǲܲ˵ģʱȥѰҴ磬ô
һ̣ˮֻϲ˼š
صԼһεӣȻҡͷ
ʧǶˣҲָֻŷԺгϢˡ׵ģҲֹֻŵĵزˡ
ǿɲһ
ˮʲôһ
ˮЩҲ㣬ҲôãҲûܿ
̾һɻŲӡ
ˮȴ̧ͷ˵ˡ
ɶ˵һ飿
վ
˵ˣȥһ
һ¹ﻹס
ҵŮ
УζţԼڹٳҲ˵ġʱôҲıһְٰɡ
֪ٳ֮ϣʵֹԱġ
һǿԼȡ
һǿĻ֮ľ١
ֻҪеܣȨƣҪ⻹׵顣ڼҵķһգҪ٣ѹûǮơңҲûǸ·ǰȥФһ鰡ڿɲһˣˣζţҲзĻᡣ
ӣңȥҴһ
ȥء
ͬģʱϻץʳǶι㡣
ЩһǴ֮ң֮ʱһƬĴԱҲ޵ļá
ΪԱҵ̨֮ҲҶ˸ϵܼҿ尾һʱ䣬ǿ˷˵λȻƽޣС檣ҲӦоС
һ뵽ԼƣҲȻѡ
ǼãЩС潸ء뵽һ̾
ˣˣүȻȥԷء棬Ļϲ¥԰
ǡʱžܽ㱨һϲѸ
棿
Ҳ⼫ˡ
Ҫ֪ԴԼܳС檵ĺŪ֮˾һֱȻ̫߶Ҫȥϲľ¥Էһʱ䣬ֻϲЩ̿ˡ
ž飬үɶ˲ɣȻôŶҺˣ棬᲻鷢
ž黹ǻһѾͷĺöϢȫСѾͷ
һʣžϽҡͷ
ˣүתˣǣү˵֮󣬾Ŷˡ
˵ʲô
һվವµ䡣
ˣ˵ˡūȻֻ˼䣬ǴµҲˡ˵ҵļλүڶǹء
־Ҳţһ˫۾˷ܵðҫ۵Ĺâ
ңˡ
͸ˮһͻֲ̿
ǣЩ꣬һֱҵ鲻ŲʵġһˣңҪȥǣ
꣬Ϊ˱ȫһԳ޵Ů˵Ҫȥǡ
ǣôҲȷʵǰĸ׵˵һȥǡ
룬ʵҲǶв׵֮
ž飬˵ﻹԭôҲʺһ䡣
ˣ̫ˣֿ֮󣬷˲ҲǺúùӵôү˶ϲġչһӰүôҲǹʱȥǣֻ»ϲءԵ뷨
ž͵ɵĺܡȻ⻰ܳ׵İˮġΪǵһ飬Сǰ̬ôġ

Сǰ̽ңҿźᣬûֻôһӾóȥˡңһǲӦð
鱡壬˶ѡ
һ㣬˭Լ黹̫ˡΪǼСԼһ˵ҵֻǿĴߡԽӼ˵װܣӦʺһô
ϸ˼Լ£̫һЩ
ǡʱҲѰ
һ˵𸴵飬ҲǼȻϲȳ
һǾϾǣ֮ȥ
֮ͬеģҵ֮ˡ
һͬǣ˴ҵˣѼһЩصĶ˳Ҳе֮׳һЩ֮
Ϊ˻֮ԭ£壬һҲǲ
һζУ³ʱڵ˾ǡ
ҽƿӿžǵķȫĽ
ǰԼڵĳоǷ֮ˡ浽֮أ֪ԭĵط
֮٣ȷʵһĵطȲϵİطܵϴ˼ңҡǸطѹ⾩棬һׯӶӵˡ
ܼҲǴ֮壬һ;ǵȣŷԼ⾩֮ڣҪȷʵЩѵġ
λүҿɸ㣬⾩֮ذԻ֮ءȥԸʳ˼ҷۣǻ׹ݵŪء
ҲУ˶š
ǺǣȻаʱߵһ۵ǰΪλ˺ܺǣʵأ˼ҵıǿš㱾Сˣˣ͸ˣԴҲûˡǿٵүǣ⾩ˣһʱ仹ղסСطİԵΪˣֱߣĪ˾͵Դء
Щ˶ȻȻ⾩ǵˮأԺ󻹵ð˱һЩȻֻ⾩޷㡣


һʮ£ԽʵϷ

ԺҲӵһټĺ԰ʵ˵һ䣬˵к԰ȫġ
Ϊָľջв軨֮ġ
ѧԾͰ԰һ֣ȫθϡ
Ժ֮ĽݸҪһЩȻ˵Ժ󣬶Ļ԰̫󡣾ǹ֣ҲϰĶĵ̣ǾҲǼ˵ġ
̺Щ軨
һ׷˰ʱ򣬿̫ӦûҶӶ˰أʹءǰһ׷˲軨ظ
һ껨ôûܱס˾ͻˣư۵ġΡ
֪ŽЩҲǾĵ̺ǡ
ʵȣںģǸһЩ
ӴӴһˣһǵãһֵİ׷һ裬ΪЩһֱô˼ʳڻ԰棬Щ׷˻ī˼ǶʱɰҳУͺ޲ñŻĸŪԵģ㿪θʲôġ
ϵףΣ˼ҵϵӡ
ԶڻʹĽ޵ǡǡһԭʡԭأôҲû˵һأ
ʱ㲻졣
Ľ޵ЦҲῪЦء
һʵԣǻżˣ㣬ҲֻǹĽһү
Ľ޵ӣεϡ˼ԽȤأʱ򻹰Щ鵱ЦӡȻһ˻ԸҲű˺öࡣ
ͱٴȤˣƤأ벻ǵǰһЩˡ
һᵽ¶ͺˡ
ߣǱţЩ飬ȷʵӦüǵõġ
գ۾ɨһִۣĻ˰ɡ
һЦţȴʱŸӴҴ
ˣˣԳŮ˴СĲʮţ͵ȥ֤أ
һͣǴһº󣬾ֱ˵Ůˣ
ǰǰˣ˵ŮأСҳŲʮ˵ĳҲӣͬƺȫװŶġ
Ļǲӡ
Ѳ²룣Լλżǰˡ
Ҳ֪˻˭һʱԭأο񡣡չ顭Ҳ㰡
ǰչǽ㰡
ǰ첲ȥɣ˵ģչŮǣֻΣ˵ˡ
һԼ⵭ȻݵŮ򣬡ţ˵ǣΣ˿ˡЩˣչѽ
ŮΣѵʱûһǾͰˡºСȥǣȻ棬һҲƼŮҲǺġ˶ˣĲ
岻ʣȥϢţȥϴ裬·ȥ˰ա
⡭ҲãһᣬǾͷеʹءһº󣬱ĻӷԼԺȥ
Ľ޵ɫ䣬ǲȥǣ򷢸ȥ˵һˡ
ôΪˣҲ˵ġ
ڹȥʱһֱ¶棬ˣͿʼѰݣ˵Ҳ֪ô¶
˱ۣſʱҲǰٰΣү£ӱչ鲻ǰ취Ψ鴦
ţΪԼͺãȻҲŹǡ
֪ġ΢΢һЦһЦȴʧ˻ꡣǰһץסС֣ȥϴ軻·ɣʵһҲ۵ģܾճģͦܰ
Ц绨ţүҪҲóˣǾϴ˯һ
Ľ޵˷ܵ۾Ź⣬ðð͸ܵһƬ⣬ҡͷ񶨣һǵȥġȣˣɫҲˣЩȥʦǼɡȻʱһˣǹҵҲΪ鰡
СӣƤһľˣȻô˵Ļ
Ժ⣬ˮӱ뵽ݺһȲ裬Ǻð졣
ʼܳɫܺÿһЩǵ棬ɫԽѿܳԼ񣬸ҧгݵĺܡ
һÿ¡ֻһھ¥ȵس룬˻һӡ
òһ·ۿ⾩չҵ֮·ֻ˼ˡѹŮʡɼŮΪж˲ݡ
ԼˣҲһ룬ܳڵҪ



ٶʮ£֮

С㵽
ǡʱһһܳҲ˿˴˴ϾǰҲѺġ
ûԸܼңҲ֮ء
ˮǺԶԺУûһСѾͷģཱུģеԼСŮģϲ
ôȥҲˡŶˣ˵һǵĳӡҲ֪˵ò
˼ţһ嶣촫֮ģһɵĖӻζϮ˶
ˮһ𣬡ãСʱͼӻÿ굽˻ʢʱķǻڷŲٵĖӻˣ£ڻʱҲŖӻ㡣
һߵĹۣͣһŲŵĵط
һܰϢƮ
Ǹһݣȴ˲ֱӵĶ׺һĨ׹Ĺǰʱĸֻһˣ˼ӶɣⷲӦе
һһУҲλһģԼӵţõĿһ
ŰŵĸϽͷܳ׿ˮɳ̾һ
˵ʱˮ޶˵ġǻҲǱۣһֱԸǨһ㡣ڶԱȣλСӣ˱ȻɫɫͬҵĽãԼҵλʱҲȲ˼ҵһָͷǷݴݣڵĳȵƣԱȵġ
ҲòϡǰżƵĹȴޱȡеƺϡˮ
ˮҲǰˣֱӿŲŷӦڨڨģ
ȻͷȻ¡ҵ˺˵˵ģ˵ҵǰͶţλЯǰ̽ӵֻϧЩ岻õġ
ˮϽѯʡ
ƤãûмĵļٹػֻǵӦһ䣬Ҳ޷ҪԺáλ⾩ǣҶס졣
ˮֲ֪ôӻˡܲ˵һԭǴҲھǲˡ˵ֻ͵ġ
أ£ôûλʰӣȥѺԺ̧׺
ЦӦǰҽԺȥ
ūţһмӡԺείһһŵᣬһŵĺ԰һ·ȫۻңĿϾӡ
Щ񻨿ޣ滨ݣڿ۽ͬʱҲҵķٸסˡ
ܳԼڱǸ׸һĴڡ⾩ȣԼǸνĸԣɶӴ
ˮԭ֮ңĸ󣬸۶ֱˡ
ˮǰԷģôһҪõʹ磬ŰԼķ⾩ǡһְٰ֮ģôҲıɡʱޱңԼŮȻһôܵء
ҹҽҪȥߵҸĸȴӵסˡ
̫̫þүЩڷƢǲĺá
һ˵ڷƢܳҲǿˡ
ûȵߵҸĸȴȵѧټ
ϵӴõԭܳ͹˿һڻױ˷۵ȥѧһȥˣȴѧһԼū
ūţоͱˣ˽Ծܵģڻ˵ԼԩôҪүҰ׮׮ȫָ
ūֻǻ̼ߵͷ
үүŹСİɡСģҲֻһʱ鼱ҪȨǰšԭѰ˼Źʱ䣬ٺүɽˣͺТ˳ġǣǣүһʧپʮ갡ūţūĲ֪㻹ء
㲻֪Ͱүҵ飬ȫ˵ˡҲүҵı֮Ķ˵˳ȥޣūţļһ걾үȻ٣ɴҲǲģɵãתͰүĶǵһɶˣһҪáˣȥˡ
һˣŵˮһԭ˳ġһָѱԼūŴˡ£˭ܵݸ˿ءܳǳ̾һչ飬ǰѽӣԵڸˡ



ٶʮһ£׹ү

֡
ܳȹɲݣѧż˸ǿЦ˵ˣⲻһֱæô̸
˵䣬мʿһ˰ӡ⼸ִֽŵıܳ͹ŵܡ
ʵǣ⼸ɱƺᵽһŨصѪζ
ѧֻܳ͹˽һã
ֻǵɨһۣ˴ˡ
תȥ֮ʱ򣬸˽齻
Ҽ˹ˡ
Ŵͷɫ֮̾һ
ѧȻҲϲǵǣչ˵ҲǰĲܹǣģҲ˵ȥ
ѧЦģϧµŮûġȻҼӳġĵ̫ҲŰڼˡ˵ôô˳أ˰ɣסİɣȴҪǰա
⻰֮ҲΪȻǰʣԭˣ㲻ϲģƫشա㲻飬ʱǵñԼȥһֱżģҲˣǼҸˡǲǿ̫࣬ҲԸЩ飬ҿŰɡ
һ˵ѧˡȻϲãҲԸ⿴ʵ
Ӧæģǵðæ
ίˣ÷ܰһЩְ񣬾ͰһǴ̣ǴǼҴ⼸㹻ˡ̵ģ㿴ǸҲǳ
ڲĲ͡Ĳɣ䲻˵ľˡ
ȥɣôľǣҲΪǰġֻҲôǡѵġ
ѧһ֮ûٷԡŮˣЩѵȻǲɱ顣
ˣСҪȥ飬Ƕô
ţ飬ǰСûƾٵʱ򣬻Ͼ͸ˡ˵ʵǺСŵġֻ̫ᣬڵΣǳ͢ϵǰ϶ǲ˵ȻСȷʵǺвܣûڵطʵʸɹҲǱġΪ͢ʵܲˣһλҪģԼĸɽˡ
ҲǣôãһĻǰǰ˺ɡֽмŵˣʵҲֻûѡȵʱһ˾̨ʱˡ
ҷˣʵֻＸꡣڿ»ڲһϹͷ
㻹ϡ
ͷЩ԰׵ĸףѧ֪׾ȷʵǲǰˡǺǣԼ壬Լ֪ԺҪ໥֣߶Զ߶ԶѽҲҪŬĻţȡǵĶءˣ˵س̵ʱ䣿
һᵽδޣѧϾѵõЦݡ
ţ˵¾ܻˡʦǺġ
ǾͺãʵôҲˣٶȸҲ޷ġĴš
á
ѵøôѧǺܸмġ
׹ҪˣһϢа׹˶Ϊ֮ϲȸҪ֪һʼϲ£ͻ¡
һΰ׹ĹҪ飬£Ҳµġ
Ҳ˺ĺܣ˶ڴ
үǸʲô˰
ôˣ˵ǵ񵽵һ֮ˣ˵ǽ֦ҶĹôһء
˵ɫĺܡ׿Ͱˣ˫ȫңҲǲġһ㲻ãƺǰԼ飬׵ˡ
ŶҲ˵үǸʧˡ
Ӧģ˺ܳɫǲûġ
ֻµжҲ˲ѡǵĹǰ׹ɫҲƯĻ䡣һǵ˺ˣ˵۰׹жô
ȷʵǲܽ
˲ƽ³
үһƬʱ򣬰׹Ļʹڣ׶۾Զ轣ˡ
Ҳһˡ
ǰҲֻǾǰǸ
Ǿˣȴ˱Ҫ㣬ɫҪģиԡ
ȴҲŴݵġżּԵŵһ֡ЩӣҲеΣաǾһˣȴȤҪ
Ĵ
ôˣһ˵Ķӣ׶ͷü
˵Ϊѩ
ðɣȷʵϲѩȥɡ
һѩ͸Ժ轣ˣ׶



ٶʮ£һҹ׶

˵Ǹ㲻һôͷҪļ޸أ
ˣ˾ȰҲ޵ģҷȰ㻹ѩȥɡ
׶͵Ŀǰˡ
˾ʹ࿴ǰŮˣΪʧ䣬ˣ㲻ҪкڵͺáǳѩģֻǣЩһǲɱҪ˵
׶̧ͷ߰Ŷˣ뿪ˣĻҲĻֻǣҪôȴԼ顣У˾Ҹ㣬һΣָֻšΪҵĵλַ
˾ʹشͷǣ¡
һ뿪׶ȥŭ𡣵һߵ롣
ʵҲΪġһˣùءλӣҿڶ﷽棬о飬Ҳ֪
˵Ź涾
׶΢ͣԼġ
ͷһнСȴзֶŹӾǶŵϵһֻҵʱôˣֻðӴˡҸ벻ʳá
ʱЩ棬͵˴ǶһյóĽ۾ǣ˶˲֪Ķŵӵ񾭴״̬ǷǾȷǴҲ̾
һ뵽ֻʹӣӵڶľ
ôһʹ࣬ӱ̬
۾ˣһֱʹĳ鴤ţƫƫˡ
飬ĪҪ֪̫ࡣ
ǣҾãǡЩã黹ûг׵Ķǰ㻹Էڵġ
һΣ׶֮ǰôջ𡣶˼
ɵˣһϲˣľ׼¶ֻҪһЩҩ밡
׶ȫ䡣
޶һǳ顣
Ǿö֮˭ܵô߳
һ̣׶ԥˡ
ţ£͸˵һҲҲաֻǰʱһ顣룬ȷʵ̫嶯ˡ
ȰͺáڸмһЦãֻҪȰǺ¶
飬ҲҴ⡣ֻǶҵôȥ
׶յĿˣ˼ȥǾʱ˵
һ¹ȥһŭZ꽣ܾе鲻Ծ
ĽԾʹ˸ӳȥ߶
ӴιⲻǾڴŵүôôҲû˵˰Լŵүɣ
̱ŭZ֪Լһֱкβ׵ĵطˡԭǰ׶˵õҪ׵ˣһֱˡǸŮԵ뷨
۾ΣյԶ˻ੲݡ
һ˹Ҫǰ׹ˣҲһԼǸʲô
Ҫ֪֮ǽһֱڹ氡ңǲ˼ġ
޵С

һȺӵǹ̸ţֻһƵ
ʱ˴˸ǷҲû̫⣬ͳЦǸˡȴûƼһЦݡ
ڶ죬׹ʹһϢмλŹ幫ӣ֪ʲôˣȫײ˵Ҳ׳㳦һ
ӰһϢ˵ʱ׶ԭء
죿ŹҲš
ôɺϵô
˻㱨мڿŹʱԳ
ƫƫʹλԶ
ȥ̽һ
׶ľţĪ¡
ܾԼһµĴڡ˶ԸԼô죿
ôһ룬׶ȫĴ
֣ҿȫй󡣻Уǵʳɵϸѹأϲпɳ֮
ӿĪҲǾŲѡ
ūȥ졣

ǡʱһ
׶öǽҲ֪ô£ȻëȻĸо
ں£
ϣ׶ȫӲϽǿЦݣУZôҵģ
Զ˶ŭZһ㣬ŬЦݡǣֱֱֻϡһð׶Īͻ
ʧߡ
ǣȥɢòã
˵ʲô
ŭZٿվǰֻ˲°һʹ̧ͷʱײ綾ߵð׶ȫǿЦҲˡ



ٶʮ£Ҳ˺

ң˸˵ʲô
°;һʹ׶;˶ˡ
һ˲䣬һӢĶħԼЦš
̫£˶ãҲ㲻ġԣԺٺ˼롣
˵꣬˱ϡ
Ȼ뿪һߵĴݣôɰ׶˶㤵
ͷͬɵ˵ĹŮǣʣղţ
Ůһ£ÿ£
̸Ц䣬ܰѹʵһ˲䣬ҪҲ׵顣
ŹŮģȻ
ˣһħ
ҹΣֻǵգȫȴյЩ쳣ƤƺԽԽ顣ȵڶԭƯһİ׶ȻƲۡ
ʺǰ̽ӹʱҲŮͻȻɱˡ
ǲǳʲôʳҪôƯأ
ĸĪ˵ЦأǰЩʱһұˣ
ʺüĸ˵Цɣ㿴
йѾ
׶ЦƳȥǸԽףƤˮ鵽һѵŮʱסһϲǺ棬ȴһӾˡ
ң
ڰ׹ǻƯġҲڽ޵ƤճӤһҪ˫۾ˮģǻˮһ
ڣɫ͸ŵǳɫǼǣȴĪˡǱˣ
ҵĶϽ룬Щ춼ʲôöȻôͻȻ˵޶ˡĸĿţҲĶѡĸҲĶ㸸ʶҲܺˡ
ᵽַһ¶Ϊһ֮ĻʺҲߺ
ֻǣеİ׶ûйעʱǾϲǺ¡ͻȻ飬ѹܵ¡ǣΪʲôᷢԼأ
Щõ嶼ժԡ棬õ廨곣ԡȫ㲻˵ҪģҲĸõһ˵ġ
ҪôСһ׮
ǵöŭZ˵⻰ʱԼֻ˵Цģ˵ºڡֻǣʱľһ˵ֻ˵ĻԼǽ׶ȴףǸ˲ǺԼǣȷʵһЩȻڷչ󣬾ͱǧĵģ
һ᲻ᱻ˵ħ֣Ϊʲôһҹ֮ģ㲻Ҫźòã
ʺԼСŮ㤵ӣҲεĺܡ
ĸҲˣֱӽɼҲŵĺܡĪ£չǸ¶µŮҪ첻ءɵãɵɵ㶵ģ˵ˡǸ񵽵˺Ļ£ĸɲ׼ˡ
ŮôƯԵиõĻ䡣ǰҲ˳ˡôչǵǵĲźá

ΪҪһ˵Ů˭ȻһҲԾԼûʺĪĺܡ⿴Ŵİ׶ǲʲôĸ󣿡
׶Ͻҡͷĸ̫ˣĪ˼롣ֻڻϲѡ
ʺվ⵽Ҳǣ˭ҲῪĵġҾɣţһˮĸȥ㸸ʸ˵һȻֵòĲˣ㰡ǵС
ҲǼһСŮģȻҲڵŮһҪǸһʱȻ߹ߣҲķ⡣
ںˣŮͨˣǸ֪˺ûʺŮһҹ֮ˣҪģһҹ֮䣬Ҳˡ
֪ǣ˻ʺ֮󣬰׶ȴѰ
žİģʶһһΡ
ȥǸİ˵ĸо
УҲȥô£һǵУĸҵļˣ׵
ţ׶ͰڼŭZסȥ
ŭZӵĵطǰ׶һԺ䡣
羰ȻΪвٵľԵءö˶ԸסƫƫŭZһ˴˴°׶ٸŸõĵطҲֱӾܾˡ
ŵУ׶;һϮ
££죬ҧȥ
ǶǶ
ǡʱߵĹסͼг
׶̧ۿȥƼԶһ˫ͷߣԼӡ
⡭˫ͷߡ
ȫ䣬ƶһ



ٶʮ£׶ʹ

˻
һĿһƺɫӰǰͷ˫ͷߡ
׶ֿݴе˫ͷߣŭZǣ˫ͷߣ
СʱҲжʱֳһֶߣҲеһֻ֡ǣʱԼֻԶۣʳҲǴ涪ȥġҰ⿴һ˫ͷߣвˡ
Ī£ʵЩСܿɰġ
ǡС׶ҪϢˡ
ţѵôҿ£
˲õüòûһ
׶˵ûһҩһŮһҹ֮䣬۾Ƥо񶼵õıģ

ŭZɨһۣţڿȷʵǱࡣȻǶЧģһΪֻһʱġ
ֹȴİ׶ˡһקסǲԵʣҲһҹ֮ģ
ŭZͷѿ֣ϲŮԼǣ⹬͢棬ڣԼҲҪࡣңҲ֪ǲǴܾҪŮ˻ҹĵλ
˵ҪңҲϲ˺ҽӴҡ
Բ𡣡ѵ⣬õĹȴ߲ŵͷ
̧°ͣӡһǡǰ׶ֻỶϲĪǽȴӲûһ㷴Ӧ
һź󣬶ŭZüһֱûӦԼŮˡﻮһ˿񣬡ΪƯңֶΪġ㲻һֱҪƯôˣ㲻ģŮһ鷳
Ŷңֻ֪Ǻûǻ˵Ů绨ȴƶҩңԼԺǶҩһĴڡ
ԽӽҴһ˿ɫֻǣȴӲת
Ҳ֪֪кöˡЩ飬һἰȻȻĻҾŪˡô򵥶ѡ
ôЩߣǲҲٻģ
׶ָŸղ˫ͷ߳ûĵط
ٿƮĳ޷ڣ˵ɫ罣һֱָࡣһ˲䣬׶˱߶ŵĴ
ֻôǵĴڣԸ⻷ߡҵŮˣҪѧϰҵһС죬㸸ĸܵСвʣֻҪһЩĲȥ¡ɼסˡ
׶ñѣֱĨӰҪԺӣʹ
ŭZΪʲôҪ
ˣȥЪᡣ
䣬ɨһ۸Ű׶澡ȥЪš
ǹƺĺϽͷǣӡ
󣬰׶Լ̫վűɹ
ȫǺڵˮ
ǶħǶħҪô죬Ӧô죿ǸħǣһˣҰ׹
ס죬ȥ
ŭZ˵ġô϶ĸ󸸻ʱҩ
⳯͢⣬Ҳ˱ҩôµˣֻһͨ˺ô
ҪϷӦɡһߣСȰŹô꣬ûֻ̿Ĺ
ûãС㲻ûõġʱ¶֤ѾúһˡǾܰαҩأңҪģһʱҸźǸ߰һЩǰȴǺŷǾãֻΪô
ôһĻˣȻ˻
ǣӴԺֻ°׹Ҫȸˡʣӣڰ׶Ժвϸ֡
䣬ǣҪβƽ־أ
ʵ벻취ȥҴӰɡ
ᵽ磬׶۾ˡ
Եģ磬вܵˣҲͷԵĴڡʱľ֣Ҳֻܽ
ײײȥ
˽ҩ˵Լı˺󣬵Щ⡣
ѿȤַĸּ⣬ǰȰ˵Ͻһɩİɡ
һλҲǹһЦԵģԵģҲӦġҲ֪ΪֽܵǸʲôĹ㡣֣ҲԿһˡչ飬ҲͲСء
໥Ȥ
ҲһͲСˣЦûȢûȢޣ
λѰ֡㲻һҪ֮ģϾǵֵܽǻడ㲻һˣĵǵûг׵ģָʳֵĳ׺ǲŸȢϱ֮ġ



ٶʮ£᲻ܽ

׹Ļ˼ҲһǻӻŮҪףҲĸ֮Ķ׳׺󣬷ܸŶ׳ס
ͶҪʮжˣȻŲæģûҪ׵롣ΪԻʺͻʵۼһ˵һΡΪһԵʣҲס
˼ֵܣǰȥԼá
ݣŻԶ羰ǸıӰЩ̾ʱô죬ǸཱུȫСҲôŮζˡ

ỽ
˵͡
׶˼£硭
ڿ׶˲䣬Ƕ
㣿
һͷŮ˭
ǣڶǰտƯһŮˣȷʵáǣõƤʱᾧӨ͸ڷŹһ
˫ͫտտģˮĹâһ˲䣬Ժֻݡ
ҲԼòˣ׶ϲʧһƨɵϡ
Դ磬㣬ҲܲôǺǣڣǲǸһ羫һŮһ
ɫ
òԵʵĳңҲӦһҹ֮ͳļƯ˵ġĶ
˵Էǻʱ䡣
ǣµûʱˡ
׶৵ص
ǰ׹ȻҲҰģʤڹһ˻ŽѰġ
ǸǣҲֻ໥ǫţûΪǰӶ໥ɱҪģȻżбŮˣڻ˵ļǼõˡ
˵ĻǺ˼
׶ţͻȻǰ
磬ɱңɱҰɡҴ˵Ҵ˰׹ң˰׹Ļ
úֹͣˡһѳ׶ʵϸһ㣬šĪţңһ뷨⡣
Ĺǣ׶ĨᣬʼԼ˺˵˳
磬ǰʱ䲻ȥ˴ôعʱ򣬾ͼһˡСƵףңҿƲסչ˺á
һС֣ݺݱ˱ۡС⣬һ̥ҲһֱھΣҲ˵оˡǣ鷢ˣҲܹԹɡ
ã˵
ԼȡжŭZ룬һ֣ҲԼʵֵİɡΪֻĺ˵Цһ¡֡ǺǣȻԳԼǶŭZҲĬˡ

˵Լſڿӣ˵ҪǸֻɢ˵϶԰쵽ʱɫ˼
ԣգҲ˵ġ
ǣҲġǰҿӵһգڣȴӵˡΪңÿ¡ܾûʱȥߣʱһӣ޷⡣
죬ӡ
һʱ䲻ԭá£֪鲻ģǣǻûɵԹ׶Ҳ֪Լ˴ĲģȴҲĪκΡ
֪ԭڲ֪Уܶǹĺöʿҩ磬Ĳ֪ôһµĴڡʱ⵹أϰɱ
׶˻ں޵ᡣ
£¡ΪԼĹʧӶ°׹ʧȴ
£ӴԺ˰׹ˡ
ⱻϢˡ
ſǰˡ
ֱþԺ󣬲Щѵꡣ
Ҳ˵ڳûнӴǸһˣйģĸ󣬶пǱҩˣ
׶ʹͷǣ磬Ҫ֪𰸣ֻҼԸһĴΪңߵһؾҵ𰸵ġ
ˡ
¾ȥҴ򡣲һ˾˼ĴһרŶԶоĴڡҲǰԸһаҽ
ҩǹŹֵĺܰܿ϶λȷʵжϵġֻǣҪƳҩϷ첻ֶƼͨҲ򵥡ֻҪһζҩķԣͻ˽һֱϷΪϵöˡŰɣҲˡ֮⣬и˰¶ˣҩ棬ҲǶصĺܡ̾ɱϷѧһӣȴȲ˼ҵľţһë
һİ׼ɫҰסͷԣǰ׹ĻʹУΣ飬ô￪Ȼ׹ҡ



ٶʮ£û

ɫü䣬ûйϸ֡˺þã۾ʱͶĶİ׶
ң⣬ѣļλ׼ãܰߵģͶߡģСߣͳͳߡһѣûҪҲ۽ȥһˣ뻹ǡ
صĻİ׶Ķˡ
֪ˡ
ɾҲǿᡣ
һᰲԱ뿪ġֻǣ游ʻĸô죿Ǹɥʱѳ͢ⶼյʱֻǾ޷ٷĺˡ
ǰ׶µġڹ͢棬ֻ±ŭZƿ˴룬ټȥ˳ĶˣⲻöԹ
ԣĿǰǲڹαӦšסٺ£ҲҪֳĿǰֻҩǲûžͰѰ׹ƿ档룬ҪƿأҲҪһϾ˳ǵʱҲġҪõңҪģʱ䣬뵽˳СҲֻʱˡʱ䣬ƿزã¾Ļʹʧ׹
ʱô
ʱ䣬׶Щ
ţʱ䣬ǸСıԣôֵġֻǣǵðյĺá㻹ðãǰһģ鲻ڵӡסȻһߣǣҲڽǰ׹ڲһӵа׹
Σشð׶޶˲ˡ
ݺݵͷһ˲Ĺǡ
棬ᷢһпŵĹȥҸֽȵķиҲȥ˵Ǻֻ˽ˣҵĸԸпܽΣʱͻң⡣ҪģôܰѰ׹Σյнȳɶ
׶ݺݵͷ磬Ҷˡ
ãڣϽȥɣԺеǻٳԡУŵ£ͻȻһǾͲˡ
ᵽžãԼ˵öࡣ
ǰΪԼǸˡڿҲֻһТӶѡ
ڣʱ䡣
תҵԼѵʱԿǰ
ҿɷŵĹǣ
ôصһֱˡ
⣬ش鷢
ʹͷ
¹ţҰ׹飬㲻¼
һα
ô£
ԣҪǣһŵĹҡģҲֻλ׹ָģҲֻ⼸ˡ
һ죬׹ĴӸ棬ٿ˵һȻ顣һ飬㿪˴Žĸ˷ͷжһ죬׹Ķǣв˰ԳȥȫأشϢ
䣬ǶһЩ﷽Ϣǲ˽⡣
ڰ׹һҵʱңȴæ
ѷˡ
ڣҵ޵ĽҴڵĹ
ΪĲ䲻͵ģԱһõ棬һ˾
ȻˮЩ˵ҲҺڣңҲչھ֮ءͷҲȻܡ
ίȫӣɰѧĲɱˡ
˵ûûεΪһҪְȻֻһõְ񡣿ǣкͣͣȥ˰ֲ㡣ԼûǱ£ҸŵĻжپǵĹӵңҪһȥȴһ֮ɵãȻˤӣҵ˦˵ĶʾѵҪǰңʱǷˣ˭Ҳ˵Һ
Ĭ˰죬תһѽݵǰ
ҪǶҲˡˮһӶˣҲ˵㣬ɲ
һ£ѧˡڨڨűӣ
Ͳܰһء
ӣйһͨҪõİοôǸĽ޵һίͻǰֽøզԼевͨء
СĳԼ۹⣬ֺǺЦ
簡˵ҲʮüˣôͳƵءǶĽ޵³Դףһ÷ɶ¶Ȱ˵֪ٻأƫƫԽȰԽϾΪֹҲȰ˺ȥˡ
Ұο㣬Ҫ˰ο͸ϽɩȢš
һȢɩӣѧˡⲻûȢôûȢ֮ǰɵչ˺ҡŶˣǸޣԽƯءˣϣôգ۹򣬳˵ĸоأ
ôͻȻᵽѩɻ



ٶʮ£ѩһҹ

ңҾǾã϶ƺеŹ֣
Ŷô˵ǰֳ½˾ƵģǸżµһб¡Ҳȷʵǲ󣬲ʮǣͣѩȣȴԵˡҪ֪ѩӻعʱҲֻһСС͵Ĺ
жûСˣ
ģѧ֪кһʱ䣬ӦûƼѾͷˡȻôѩһãȻӡ
СûƼ˰ɣ
һŮˡҲǰСŮ޵ģ
ᡭôɣ
ǰЩʱ򣬻ȥЩΪ˵ѩ˼ҲǣôͻȻͳôˡ
˵˲ٵĴ򿴹˵һĿǰǹľһŮӡ
Ĭˡ
ѩ
ǰѩ˵⼸ͻҡʱҿ˵ɡ
ţ˼һѩûвʵĵطϰ̫Сˡ֡
ѧֹһֱ˵Ҫʣȴǰ֣ˣԸһҶˡ㵽ʱúСϣвٵĹ顣
ѩǴѩɽ֮ۼġݲ²⣬пѩļʥŮǸ˵˵Ĺ
ԴӱǽȻʵѾвѩѰѩһߣҲкöǰѰֻȷʵûĹԾͲصע
ѩ˾Ʒŵʹȥ֮ЩҲ޷ѰϾʹصأֻҪϢ͸¶ȥǰҲ޷Ѱѩ˵ΪֹҲѰѩҲš
Ϊ˱˾ƻڸһЩ֣ⱣһЩѩӸ߰ŮޡҲɢЩ˵۹ˡΪѩΪֹҲǻļȫġ
һĶžвݡĖζϮ
Ũ۾λε̫˵Ķ
أһȥҶϸүˡ
νˣʵһЩ⣬ժ˺ҶҪôǿ֮ġʳ棬Ҳоġ
صһ˵ҪóԵģϲĺܡ
´Ӧţæµ
һϴõ·һ𵽺滨԰
һӵϾźˣ嵭ĺҶܿθڵġ
һᵽԵģҲ²ĺܡĸŮһʱ࣬оʳʱҲ;Ӷࡣ
ȥ׼㡣
ĸŮڴϣصŮŴںӵЩкҶ֮ġ
ʵժЩҲһȤ¶ںҶȥٰժǸоǲһġĸŮķ羰в԰ʱԶȴн
̡
ѩ
̧ͷѩ˲䣬ɵˡ
ʱҲе⣬Ϊʲô״˾ƻд˵޽⣬ӻˡ
ʵǣŶòĶɱһеŮ
ǰӤʲˡ
ǹɿɰҲʧȡ֮ģһĵ١ޣȴ͸Ŵ档۾ǰһҲϣǰԼ̵ˣǰѩ
ѩ
ߵʱȷ
ҵı仯ôộ⵽ôˣΪʲôһҹ֮ǳһġС
ѩһ
аҵزҲףʹ棬ҲһЩһĶҿźģܾԼһ
ѩһϸ˵ȴɴۡ
ıŮˡ
ôѩһҹ֮Ů飿
Ҳ֪ѩ顣
Ͼε˲ࡣ
Լεһˡ
ü˼ѩ仯Ѹٵԭ
ĸŮͬģȻһ뵽һ㡣
ҿӦѩЩѩɽʱ򣬿ܱң湦ܣΪʵǸ׶ʵǣʱҲСˡѩɻǵʵͣ
СﱻŵʱҲֻǼСơ˵һֱ󡣶ѩɽ֮۴˼꣬Ҳδ֪ΪԲû֪͡
Ҳǿ϶ͷ
֪һѩһֱ˾Ƶ塣ЩůĶеڹҩиϡ
أΪ̵ĺˣԲŻѸٻָϾʹҩöȣҲȫõġһˣҲڲˡǻʹǿԵġ



ٶʮ£ӦôУ

ţһ࣬ȷʵǳ˲ٵҩѩһᵽҩͲ̫ġ
Щҩзϵĸֶ֮ģͦãǺȶҲ÷ϲһʳﰡ
뵽ѩӣ̣ɲһóԵİ
Եء
ѩǰԡڳôҲˡ
һԵģһ߷ѩԭյõĽ۾ǣڱˡ
ţСЩ걻ӳ˷ԿǸСޡڲһˣ屻ˣԾͿʼѸٵǺǣʵɣǺ¶ǻ̫עСһԲôġ
ܽҲЦҡͷǣ粻Ҳô
簡϶ǿҲžͱء
ΪȻ
Ǻǣܡ
ͻȻ뵽˵ʱѧֹٷ۲Զѩʱ°ͿŹĸ㡣
Сһ»ûˣȻŮĳȴԶ׼ġüЦģŸá
˾ҲҪ˵ѩȻһ𲻾áദʱ䣬зʽҲڲͬġ
ദĹУл᲻죬˭Ҳ
ǸŮأɵĹϵˣ
黳ֻ˵Ҳһֵ飬ҲѡģҲֻ΢һѩ
ѩԺǴˣʱΪ£ɵøǰͬǸû̵㣿
֣
ѩһ飬ﻹ顣һٺֱ֡㲻֪ǰʵ۴Ҳ̵ҵġ
ȵȣܻϽʲô١˾ô¶Ȼѩд硣һ͵˼ҵĵˡ
ǻʵ۸簡ϲи硣ԭѩеġ
ϱǵͻҪҾãԹлʵġ
񴾴ա
Ҫһϲ硣
ðɣȲһ㡣һüסˡǹЩŮ֮ǵ÷磬㣬ֿ֮һЩǱһ롣
ŶѩΪȻΪͷʹ˾ƻӦһ֣úõһ档
һ㣬Լģºѧתһ
ѩԷС˯һһе뿪
ʵ۸磬һˡ
Ϊڳܵ˾һҲࡣ
ϰһߵ̫һƣϽǼߡ
͵λȥϢɡ
ǣǡ
ѵһĴǣһ⣬м뿪ѩðʵôŭҲȥġ⹬ĸλҲûһܰ쵽ġ
뿪ѩűܵ˾ưµĵط
²˭
⣬˾α۾
ǣСӣ
ǰٲһ˭
ǾСӰ
Ҳء
ô֪ɰģֶС˵ҲҼѩˡ
ǻʵ۸磬ء
ѩЦţѵᵽǰ
ʵ۸磬㿴Ϊʲô
˵꣬һµģİΪרӻء
ǣѩҡ
һüЦ˾ʱһɨաԽģһڡ
ιѹѩȥǸ̵ߣԭΪĵȷʵǺóԡ޻մѩĹд˿ڸء
ѩЦǣ˺öóԵء
ǶЩʲô
ŶĵĶˣ磬ͻȻɳԭѽ
Ľݷô˵
Ȼ񻹲Ľ޵ʽޣ˾ȴνˡ
Ŷ˵ǰѩɽѹУǰʹٻԭ򡣾Ϊһֱ󡣿СޡʵģȴǲСˡʹ汻һȻͻָ
ģ˾Ű˿ãֻΪһ㣬Եԭǿɾ鷳ˡ
ءаӦù壬ǽи硣ǣʵ۸磬ǹ壬ǽи簡
ѩξ
һϾ˾ЩǱǰӦù壬Ǹأ˵ǱѩһİɡͣôҲӦġǣһֱų⡣
Сţ˾Ʋ˼㻹ǹҽиɡ㿴һ壬ôϵ𣿡
ѩͷϰһͷţγһͷһʵ۸Եúˡʵ۸磬ԺҪٲŶ׷ء



ٶʮ£Ϻ

һ׷˾ƾ˶⡣
ϣĴܹܣΪѰôܲͷ׵طǰһʷ˰
ֱռ˲°ٸطλܹܲŲͣΪķӣһճϴϴԡСһƽʱʳС
һ𣬻ϰһЩںڵĶ飬ҲһЩĵ˴˴ĺǹﲻҪûϳ谮ǣ취ռһЩɫʳЩóԣձĶǱȥԾ׸ϡ
ֻǣôҲû뵽ǣһںԺֻ̺Щˮ֮ģ̺ĺúöģȴٿһϢ
ּˡ
ּ
Ͻߴȥ·
ϽȥҲ֪ҪʲôҪôͻȻּˣ
Ҳǰ˼⡣
ǰ㱨ǸϽС㣬һλ֣λ֣ϲַ
ĸŮˡôǰ
ǸϽߴ٣ȱô࣬㵽ǸϽȥ·ҵĸ谡⹬ּǴ鰡ݲð
񱻴ȥ·㡣
һ׳ǰȥּʱλּĹ̫ͷ
ϰ֣
һ仰˶ˡ
ǴɵɵվǶðŷӦ
ȣϽл
л϶
ӹʥּλϰ֣Ǿһв˼顣һߵϽǰ̽ϰ֣Դ֮ʵҲ̫ϸһ㣬֪ЩĻ̫ãԾר˽ϰǰѵ
ţֱԾŹӸ⿴أ˵ҪȢķǸûܹѱˣרŶǰָһʮ죬ɵҵĽ̵ˡ
߰ɵͷӦǡ
תȴǶŻʹķ򣺻쵰ѩɰҺˡԺϲٺó⣬Ҫôôġ
ԼǰŸѩ飬ǸŽϰѧһЩǣŮ֮ġɵã˼΢үͰѽϰӸˡǺǣеأ°հ
û˼Ҵ룬ӾԤһλϸҲ޵ġڣԭǸ֪񶮽˵˶
ټǰһһЩѧϰܣ˽⣬̵ֽЩǿϡ
ŮľҪѵⲢҳͽһҲǼµʵȻֿλδĽݾŷˣȴǸĹ
ܳŹ첻ĹĽǶһλǰ죬ҲǺҲһмطԼҲȫǴëëΪĳλǵĴ˵İʾ񡭡
·½󲻶·½°ڶسʮ䡣
ᶼˡ
ױŮСͱ飬Ϊ·ȴҪᡣ
Ҫ֪ղзڴԵôλӺϸ񣬿ǣһ뵽˼ǹģˡֻ֣ŮǡһɡֻҪʮ졣ⶼȥˣ¶ġ
ûɶ˵ġҲãʵֽõĵ£ͦġ
΢΢һЦʾһû̫ѹˣǣϸҪԼٳҲһֲ
ĿҲͲȰοǸ֮ǰԹʱҲĶġ
֮ÿθֻܺ߹ͷһԹѧһԷ뷨ѧﲻǱԹڻϸȰһôȥһֱġ
ʵѧ뷨һ࣬ҲǿܵġȻе㲻˭˼ǺֱأĸҸ˽а尡
ﰡ飬ǶӲڻǰ飬ǣ󲻵ð˼ұ˼Ķ仹ûءǼҿɺãñĸǲ֪߳ȥжĽ
һҲ֪ġ
Ҳ֪һֶ󡣿ǣһǿôܰûӴˣüһµġһ£õƾ׵ĺøߣٴһ£⣬Ҫһʮ׵ľͷһˡ⼸ûóԵģҲû˼ˡ
һ˵ĴڱǶ
ôһޣѧͷʹˡ
ˣңҽʥϰ̸󣬻һ
תλֱĽ޵ˡ
ϸʹˣ飬Ҫְæøһ£˵ѵĺңУԺٲҺҽ̵ˡһ仰Ҫ˵Уˡ
ѧⶢ԰ΪʲôҪ˵һ仰Ҳ֪ģ



ʮ£ڲѧ

ٺ٣ְֻҪ˵ˣҶΪɰĽ޵ӣûеͽҴյסѧͣã㲻˵ˣΪҶ徻һЩȨҰһѣº󰡣ɱæˡ¶ʤβˡ
Ҳǣôôϡء
һһվάģ౼û˹ܹˡͬҲͬ
ѧп಻˹棬ȴǰѴһֱ߶ŵġòװѲ׵ˣҲִ׼ȥԼСѩ
̧ͷȴԼİվûߡ
ôߣ
ϣһ˵
˾ƲͷɨһۣŵϽͷ̵ļãȻгԿҲ۵̱ڴ齡˵Ժٲҽ̵ˡ
ϱûЦŶˣˣȥɡ
á
ƺûвãѧϽ뿪ǣתյ˹ʥּ
ֻع
ˡ
ʱѧв֪Ľ޵˵Ļʵ¹õĵ̰
ʵɣֵָһѧٵĶġǹɳ֣ȷʵһԼַ
ǣȻϲֵĵ̡
ǻ۶İ˻¶
ҡͷϽţ˼ҵ˼˵λּʶһȷʵѧѧʵġһЩѳҲǺ¶
һ˵ԺһЩã˵þǺáˣ˵Ҫȥݷһʦôôȥ
ʱ¶ͦģԲû̫Ļȥݷһʦ˵һˣӦߵڿһЩ
ڹȥЩ꣬һţܿˡĽݸҲͰǴôġһҹĹˣҵĴˡһǲܶ˵ġ
ȥء׼ȥһɽӲˡ
һԴӺǸŰһһһڵģй۵㶼һ¡ȴһͬİãǾǶԳʳȤ
ȥͻҪȥԵġ
ңǵ̺Ժĺü͵
Ϊ񲻵òϰѧϰֳա
ʲôɽӲ˰
Ҳ֪ʦһʦһЩһĲˣŹôһ˵Ҳĺܡ
صЦ߶˵˼䡣
Ѿͷⲻһôȡһµ֣֪Ļ浱һ˲õĲء
ʱͬһˣʱһԵ鲻һװ벻һζоҲ᲻һġͬһˣǻʦǻǻüõء
λϲʦǺµĺܣһλԼȥɡ
ǰҲȥBˣǸܱBΪϲĺˣȫȥκôҲȥˡ
ǣ㲻ȥҾȥˡʵϲʦУȻϲദˣǻһЩġԽԽһЩҩɶ㰡
ʵҲ͸ϲĺB˺ǹŹ֡ңѧ̫ദġƫƫڳʦ
λϲģڸû¶͹ͽܡΪBÿζ᲻õ۶
뵽ճһͻᶷʦʳƽɽȥ
Щƽɽϵķ羰һĺá
ɽ棬źöԭʼ֡Ϊµԭɽһֱ˽ԣǴ֮ġ
İҲ֪˲˽ɽ
ңɽƺҲҰ֮ġЩߣ˿Ҳġôʦ˵ͨĴ񶼲ȥϾЩ޶ǿǵġ
ʵںɽΪҪôҰ֮ģҲɻ󡣵ⶾ˽ԺҲȻˡ
ңÿ깬һλȥýҩҲBһֱΪʼҷϸǻϵһزŰɡ
Щ飬˽ֻ̫࣬ҪԼľͺáϺBĹϵ൱ء
˼Ʈ䣬ͣƽɽԺǰԴһBһУԾͰԺĴ޵ſ
ƽʱܽˣֻгһʮ塣ҲֻСʦãһԺ
СʦҪóԵء
ŵСʦཱུģB񵽵һ¶һ࣬ڶԳСһˡ
һ͸óԵȥŰ
ЦЦСʦܻǺϲġ
ÿθԵģСʦܵšһʱ򣬿СʦԼһ޵ĿֱСʱˬС



ʮһ£ڶ

ʦˡ
ɣҾ֪Ѿͷ⼸Ҫˡ
ϲʦҽĳԵĲ㡣
Ǻǣ㾡ԡϲһߣ졣ʦ㿴۸ҡ
Bһ۶˦Ҳߵģҽʦġ

һ£ϽͷʦǰȥˡһûԹĲŶ
ʵӣҪĻǵҪĺá
һ̵Ҫá
һҲеĶ࣬Ѻöຣ֮ϸϸˣٷŵ棬ЩζҲŨࡣ
İѹͷŨŨģһЩʵϣƬԲƬ˿η룬һŨ㣬ཱུʦܲϵĴչ
аʦĲ̫óˣô찡ԡ
СʦܣһأǸʦǵġǵİһߣһʦִһԡϽæЩ˵ʦǵԺȥ
ò˵λ˵Ƿһĺð
ԵĶϸģͽСĽĶ˵Ժ档
ñʦޣвã͵ôȥ
ˣûƷء
ͻˣϲ֪ߵģô꣬ôûûƤ
ϲģӦ˵ģȴҡǺǣǷӴһ͵ˣĸʱ򶼲ıһ㡣
ޣҪģΪһƮƮĵ𣿿ɸ㣬Ĺһ
ȫҶʮ˴
ȣ
ġ
Ͻѹ
ԭǹӰҲϲϲһʳBְˡ
ϲĸɴ࣬ǺǺǣ˵ϲ֪ߵİ㵱ԸһʳءޣҲжαһԷǶ˵ĺܡ
˵ǲأҾһ˳ˣϣȷʵǰĲʦĻð̲ζǼľһ㣬أͲˡ
Ѿͷһ߶ȥϲĸϽǰͿ
ֻ̫һ㣬Ե棬Ǳ̵۾ֱˡ
һ߶B첻ЮһӵʳҪ˵أ͵÷ϰëͷСƵĺЮˣҪõӴ
ޣҾҪȳôţԶһİҪġ
Ǻǡ԰ɣʳ²ס㣡
ţǼ
ˣͱسҲ֪ǲϰ˰
ףѾͷϣһ
Bȷʵʳʦģһͳζʡ
ǣǰǳԵЩϰɶҲֻһЩͨĽϡҽһ˿ûԡ
ʰЩĶǺöǰĽϣζ治һɿڡ
Ѿͷʵͦ򵥵ģǰЩˣɾһƷˣЩϲǸԵġһζˣҪ
Ǻǣ˼Ҳ͡
ɶ
ϲŭˣҲͣ
Ѿͷ췴˰ɡ
ͷҲֱ̧һеıƬBʦƢðĳЩˣľвˣ˵ɴСɶġ˰øĸġ
BΪȻôǺ˵һе˵ʣҲԶϡ
ǺǣԵġ
˵
ϲľҪˡ
ͣԺ󶼲óԵĽˡ
һ£ϲıҪвĶͣ
˵˵Ϊʲôң
ܼ򵥣κһöأԣҲͲóˡЩҪżԡĽϣӦóԵĳԵĶģζʳãԺĿζıˣ⻹ܳζ
BȻԣʵѾͷǲΪ̫̰ԣԺ󶼳ʳȰ㲻Ҫô嶯ġϽ԰ɣ治֪ôŪġ
Ȼʦ棬ҲûǿҪ
ʦֵҲһЩʽϺʵ߲˻򸮡
Ҫ˵ȫʵ߲ˣҲͷBˡ
ΪůԵʣֳʵ߲ˣһѰǰһЩ
ʵһļʵĲ˳ԣ˵һҲŵġΪÿȻ˷ȴҲժһЩؼҡ
ΪȴҲϲĺܡ˭УBǶĲȷʵǮ򲻵ء
治ްǣۿ¼޵ӻǵˣ᲻㡣
һŽϣǸ̾΢΢һʹ磬Ӷˣ
ܲôǵг̣źˡ˵õ°ŰŵģºˣҲ֪ӵķ裬ϰҪǳȥ˳ǡ˳ǰű߹صĵضǸط˵źüңȥˡ̫á



ʮ£֪߳

߹أǾζŻ̡
ң塣
˵ö跬֮˰Ǳߵˣߴ۽ɱҲգģһضȴȥµĺģ˵ǰλ߹٣Ǳɱ˵ģСţ
СȻҲᶾ֮ĶǶǧﵣģĽ޵ȻڶҲмˣҲֻһߡ
㲻̫ǵģܰĵط֤ĥСšҰ۴Ҳܷǳȥܹ˰еʱҲųȥɣûҪ
һᵽ¶԰οһЩ
Ǻǣ˵ҲǺϾȻڰǵĲԶһʡУЩǼ¶ˡһǹٸԭְǵطϵĹٶ޳档ʱһ໥š
ǾͺãǾͺãҲ֪Сôˣ
С߰ίŸһȥءһΣɵøлϣȫһӿɵ÷ֿþð
ֻһȴֵľˡᵽѧĸŮЦѡ
Ŀǰ˭
Ƿѧɡ
ͷΪǸְ񡣿ȴǸ˵Ļ⣬Ǹǹ棬ǹĸǣҪ鵽ʱȥһͳ˹³һ
³ڳ͢ʲôģ
ѧϳ󣬼춼ܣкüΣ˵ı̧ŻġɼһϳһҲƴİ
ֻϣɩһЩȻǵʲôʱܳأ
ɩӣҲţ뿪ˣҲһЩ
ǰҲߵˣֻϣϴǹˣһָųסֻϣһ㿪֦ɢҶһô󣬶ʮˣô˷ȥҲû䣬ǳɷӴ㲻֪ںö˶˵ǸˣһӰǸ޶ŮĴڡޣһ˾Ϲ˵˵Ҵʣô鷳вɳġ
˵Ķԡ
⣬ѧźתȻ뿪
øĸĵ̫ˣȷʵбҪߴһ壬һЩԱһɼҵ
ΪҪǰȥ߹˳ǣԭҪƺĻڣǰ˼¡
ʱڣĽ޵ڴԼҪװ
Ÿߴñһ죬ǵ˴ӶţһȦٽӺһ·һλɹ٣һֱЦųܵ˲Ϲ֡
ƼݡǿɾҸЦݣһҲźࡣ
ʦվȺУһֱסˣ˰˵˼ҵͽܳɸףذ⼸϶ͽܳɸףЦͶղϰ
ԶŮĻԶ룬˸еһֱĨᡣ
Īޣ㻹Сء
СҲܵĺܡ
СͽһڸɳŵģڽˣȻ̫ԶǴӴԺչ˼ҵСӡĽ㣬ʹʧ
ô꣬㶼ûֿһȥӴԺͱ˵ϱҪ̺ű˽е֪ΪΣľǾã˺ôһģܵġ
С˵ҺγءȻӺð룬Ӳޡ
Ů绨ˣȴҪ޸ޡ
Ÿദأ
֮Ҳĸʧ䡣
ԶˮЩΪȻ
ÿŵﻹֵǵĲᣬȫߡΪʲôͬŮǾԼǸԭͼڻôһ˼ҵȴ˵İٰ㲻ᡣͬ˺ǣ˱˵ôء
ˮ̾һչ飬껹ˣŲʼô꣬ܵշҲ֮¶Եģûô飬Ҳǿġ
Ц㵽ǿĿǵҲǷ˵Ųϵġ
ҵĺý㣬Ѳɣ㻹Ҫ˵ºСţҲӵģ
һ£ű졣
֪ɣҵĺý㰡Щ飬ûܵõһЩرǼˡ
ҾǲЩʵغߺߡ
кβģҾüáǲܴ󸻹󣬿Ҳھվס˽š˺öطҲһչȭţҪ⾩ǵǰʮĴڣǺǣȰһ䣬ĻĪôˡ
ˮԼҽ㲻̫ΪȻı飬΢߳
Ҳ˵ģüβǶ֡һΣǰѽ飬ýܴӪ⾩ȥǺǣôˣ㲻᲻֪⾩氡Ҫϼѵġ˰֪߳֡



ʮ£

̤衣
ﱳţ

˾һߺȣӶˡ
׵ڣ̫ˡ
һһǸҲ֪Сûмס
ڣһ䡰붴ʱ˲ڽ˵ĸо
ɹٱһɵЦҪҸͷ
ϲ￴Ľ޵ֻ͵͵ֺǣǸСӣȴе㺩ɵ˵ǸģҲ֪Ǽٰͷ˲䣬ҵĵƻƺࡣ
˿һ˱Ȼеز
찡Ƥù⻬
֪ԵʣΪйƶԭƤÿ֬Ҳˮľױһ
һ˫ˮĴۣһɨʲôСֶһ
ϲ￴ӣ̾һҲе⣬ΪγĿܲɹ٣ȴķӦˡŮˣҲΪĶĹӦǱġ
ƺˣӴԺమԶ롣
ƺǡһ˲䣬ǰľƱһɵЦˣֻεĴ
ǰжԼܴϲ£ӴԺֻһ˵ӡȥֻһҩһ롣
һֻҪƽŻȥȴ񣬲벻
ӽϺҪӱ˫ɣ벻

űӵݵǰ
𡣡
Ǻǡ
ĵɵЦһߺˣûûģҲ˼Ц
ɹٰ㻹ȳȥɣıͿɶء
һߵ־򸮿ɾ侲ˡ
޹ʱԶзֵĺܡ
ŮңԽ
ɩӣǺǣӴԺҾоɩô
һģЩ̧ͷȥƼĽۿԼмɿɰĹһΪ۾졣

񵭵кĽȴǺǺǵЦһūţôɱ䣬ǹҲֻūŵĳɷݡ
ԶĽǾޱϽǰ߰ɡ
ɩݶˣôҲܵ˼ҵĶҹ
Ȱһ䣬˻ŵ㣬ĪҪ̫ſΪ
񵭵ſҲҪǮģ㣬ûбǮ
ĽǾޱŴ۾ſǰλȴһѪŮˡҡһ˾Ÿķˡƣйɢĸţ˾ǸūšʵһֱһֵĴڡһĽǾޱҲֻû̫롣ֱԼСʱҡһ䣬һλеףΪŮ˻ܹŹ֡
ֻΪһֱصļá
˺˵˵ҲһūűΪӵļѾͷ͹𣿡
룬ǾŹӵҷˡأ
ǰΪʶȡĹҲ¡
ȻΪүһλС㣬ʲôСأǶһŮһŮѽ˵ҵݣʵ֮ݱ΢Ĵڣҡһ䣬˺ѫԽںԽʧȴѫԽǺ£ԽҪսǰһţָ߰ӡʵ㣬飬ûš
ѶĽܻˣٺ˵˵Ҹƴˡ
üһֻ˵ңͲܷ˼˵㼸䣿ĺûġ
ǰͷȰ㣬ţҲбǮʲôҲûУƾʲôҪһСͷءǾޱݱ߹ĶɣûŰ赽ĵزûСȥԼĽݸ룬ôֻĽݸˣҲٴӦġչ飬ĽݸĹǣҪˡĽݸүǣҪ˵һЩ¡Ȱһ䣬ҪĽݸˣȻʱݵλȫһ仰¶
һĽǾޱͫ׽λľ棬Ѫ
вңˡ
СҼҵģҪڿż
ªķӡĽ̼У˹ȥҪ˺ˡ
һߵأһϽָǰһһҵļסλڲݵĹ
ǳȥɡ
ҡĽ£ֻһһֻ
λǿмֱӶ档⣬һȺֵ˶Цҡͷһָֻš
Ľݸļҷ簡˵ǺүأǶء
Ҳ˵˼Ľݸļҷ绹ǲġֻЩӬǻỵһࡣǺǣһһӶ𰡡һλҲ֪ôģȻ
ӴԺĽݼҵĹǿɾͶඡ



ʮ£Ѫֹ

ЩĽȴǵЦˡ
һֱĽǾޱɴۡԭλ˼ġһ㣬ʵģֻΪ˰ǵһ
ĽݸĹǶˮһ뷨ĽǾޱŵת·塣
׼ϴֽʳһƼСҴææСǵõһֱԼҲǼõġǾޱأô
ɩӣ뵥˵仰ô
ĽǾޱЩߡʵСͲҲʮҡΪ˵ԭһֱԸӣϸ糾
ţǳȥɣҺǾޱһ
Ҳ֪СǶѵкøеˣҲûٶ룬תžȥˡ
ɩӣҸղſöȴܿĵӣ˵Ϊʲôأ
񶨶ĿǰͲСò˵̵ĺðСסܲɫİ㱨
ţǾޱļãȥɣһͷ÷һ⡣
õġȳȥˡ
ĽǾޱϲת뿪
ǰ˵Щ飬ܲԼȥͲ
Ϊ˵£עһЩ
ҹĽ޵Ǳ˷Žġ
ңһܺȡ
СΪСӣǸˡ
ڴ齻ҪȾƣҲεĺܡ
㡭㣬չһ㡣ңȥϢˡ
ţЩȥɣġ
СߺĽ޵¶УתԸȥˮ
ſ齵ˣ˾Ͱ۾ٺֱ֡
㡭װģ
ʱпСѧװˡ
㲻֪ж໵סҹˣҲȰɣǿйࡣû취ֻҲűĲܽ
ǣˣ֪װ
øɾϼɣһ˫۾Ϊ˾ƵԵʣЩʱţ⻪٣ǸС
СԽĺÿء
Ҹϡ
˵䣬Ľ޵´ӻһͳ
һǵš
һˣ
һӣǵСŴϵô
һ뵽ʱʵΪģֻΪ˴һӵ⣬Щߺ¡
֪㵱ǿһӣСҲ˵ˣΪ˾㵱±ǮҲԹ㣬ĵĻܸм㵱꿴һӣȻǺԵ֡
ǣͲԹô
ЩҪ֪Ķ
кԹģңҲ
˵ˣʱҲ㣬ҲһıסںˣǱסˡҲֻǿ˨ϣŸոպá
ţұţԺ󴫸ǡ
ǰ
Ľ޵ȣȴҪԼʱ򣬸Ͻһ߲ࡣ
ǸڲúҶġô
һѣȻ˵ۡ˼˵ĶҹһֵǧĶҹҲֻܸɵۡ
Ҽأǻзӵġ
ΪԲҲͼŷǵӡ
˺˵˻һҹ˯ʵ
ڶ죬Ǹ־ơ
һľƣĽɽûиСЬӴ
÷ǰһӪģСЬӡ
Էһл˳ڣ
ͱĽɽ棬ﻹΪСڡ
Ǻӹˣصһյ󣬾;ȫþ
裬Ǻβ裿
ŷ磬ɻǾȵҪ
С㣬һյļƷ裬˵ѪģҿǵĲ裬Ϊһز⿴
ΪʲôС㡭̫Ծء
Ҳ֪ȸҷˮˮƫһЩ
ȣȫܡ
ֻǣԽԽʢʢˮУҲϼ
δδ𡭡
ԡһһεѪס
˼˵ڿŮ޵еʱ򣬾ͻἤѪɵãֻǺһ裬ȴ״
ζסǿףѪǴһߵ¿﷢ţظǽĺܡ
С㣬ңҴˣ֪ҾͲݲѽأҲ֪һѽ
漱ΪԼĹʧѪֹȥ
ڱѪѹ͹˲ϴ𻰡ѾͷֻǻǶ֪ҪʲôϽɤӡ
ȥŴ򡣡
ԣȥơϹŴҽԽãеġ
һŴͱߴŽ
ʱƽڹϵѪֹס
һֱѹ棬һ߰סˣֻѪһԾƽţֻʪֽűǿס
ŴˡǼС˺öѪȥֻ¾ѪѽһͿŸϽȡ



ʮ£Ƿӵķ

ӴѪĲ١
Ŵһ۲ԶһͰȫѪȾ˵ġ
ִϣһ
⡭
Լ̫ˣ
ǣŷ˵Ҳļİɣ
ţȷʵе졣
ñ鰴ѹŶǣĺףҲһ
ǸˡЩѿס
ŴֹţȴֻǷԸñš
תؾԼȥĽ޵¡
Ƿ˺أҲƵĽֻΣ
ôأңҺС㡣
ؼҪ޳
Ŵһֱü
飬ʵҲȫ㡣ҷһ֢ᷢġ
ǿзӰŴĴЩҽǾ㣬뷨ӾȾҼСѽ
ȥҾүɡ
ŴҲǳ
ߵһʱְ֣ȥ֪ͨүȥһˡ
ԼʦЩһֱǣһ¼ӦġϾѾͷ͵Ǹӹϵʱӻʦշ
ɼµҲ񵱳Լ˿ò˵ǹԵ
ҵ̫ʱ˼һڶ
һ˵ѪֹҲֻü̾һתȥݰһҩŴ档
һҩȥѾͷ¡ֻǣҲֻʱѪѣģǵýڵ֢Сһʱ»飬ټǶţһѪ¼Ҳġ
Ŵǣ޿ɽ֮ô
ҲûСֻǣ취ѽΪһ֤İ취ܲʵʩ治˵ġ
ǣηӣŴϽ顣
ү壬Ǳǿи֮˰ɡ
ԣǱǿи֮壬үǿиĳˣҲΪǻһ𡣡
ԣԭӦΪģڱһȻǲġŮֻѪΥط飬һֱǲȡĴڡֶһʱҾ͸ܾ̾Ե֡
Ŵеˡ
ʦ˼˵ֻҪȻһǷԲ֮¶к˵壬ҲȻĵˣ
̫ף˵ǿԵġǣȴ˵õ岻ڣҪܵľɹǵʹǸҩ֮ˣνİ취ˣȴԽԽһʢĻһƼ⸮滹棬һλƤģǸǿµĺܡʦоһӣҲܿơ
ŴĶˡ֤УһγԣпܣһãһǵӴ˸֮ãǾʹĺǣǡ
ô룬Ҳúܲġ
ɣҪȡǾһΣյķǣͰүǰ£ŵĹУܵڵĹƳ֮ġģҲһˡ
ʦ
㲻ùҽʦģ˵ˣҲָֻһ㣬ҪôϽ
һΪʦΪҵԶʦ
ϹŽӹҩתȥĽ޵¡
صĻ㱨Ľ޵¼СһֱѪǼֻϣȴǿһȻµģŴȥʦˡ˼ҵ취ġ
ͷá
һ죬Ѫӿ˳Ľ޵¸Ͻõƴʱܵı䡣
СԭǸǿиˣһţͻԽıˡ
Сţ£ġ
ĳտڵӣĽ޵ºݺݵͷţ֪ġŴĽŲˣȥӭһ¡
۾
ɿ֡
ٿһĽ޵̧Ͻȥ
ʦȷʵ˵ģ
ţӣŷ˵൱Σˣʱƣֻ¾ʹѪֹԣģ׼׷һҩʱֹסѪ
һף
Ŵһ㡣
Ҫȵʵû취ʱз֮ǰԼ£Щӿʱ⡣ȣܲܶȹһѣҲȫǵˡҺʦûգϾǰҲûӡȫǸ˵˸ˡ
⻰νǲ
˵ĶҹŨ֮ʱȻʱȴҪź÷յС
ԹңһʱеƲסԼòһĻ
Ľ޵ȫǿɬһʱвܽƵȻûԲÿһΣ˵ᲨΪԲŵڵĻơ



ʮ£ŷ

Ҳ̫飬һʼͲɱġ㲻òҲںķӦġչ飬屻ǿˣϰ
ҩȸ¡һб֮ʱֻ£ֻһˡ
Ŵ£ǴϷǿеġ
Ȼ˼겻֮¶Ҳ׵ĳԡ˭ָҵôءչ飬һɾĴ¶
˼صĻصιҩ¡Ѫȷʵֹ
ãеЧˡȻǵʦĹ񰡣һöѧС
ϹŸ̾ԼʦĲ࣬治һ㡣
ŴҲǺܰء
ػϲĺܡ
Ľ޵ӡ
Щ鷿ȥ
ӣȻͬһ齣Ľ޵ȴð
˵£ҲֻǿĺܵӡĽ޵£Ҳһ°һЩŵǰ
ˣ㻹Ƕ࿴ô̺үɣȻȵүһֱ㣬Ժµλǰ
СѾͷ˵ģĺЦбţԭµǱүѽ
죬ˣѵ㲻𣿡ҪˣôһоҲûеӡ
̾˿ǣʵүģһҪܼ尾İɡ
Ϊģ뿴ȶϮԾŲԼ׽
Сţܵĺࡣ
֪뷨ȴҲֻܳš
չ飬Ҳھ̫ࡣ
ҪԹҲֻԹķ̫ںȻķ
һ뵽ЩҲֻ̾չ飬̫뵱Ȼѽ
һεպĽ޵µദͲ̫г
ܲͲ棬кüϣĽ޵»ȥ鷿˯
ɼ˵ˣ˯һ˵ҪôĮ֮ģҪôǶԸ˲⡣ܿڸ洫￪
۾
Ǻǣºˣһ仨һˣųײһ£Ȼͱ䡣ǺǣɼСȷʵѰ˿ɱȵİǸҪƻסСţл
һߵŮ㿴ͦϲģЦŴȤŷ˺ڿЧѲɣ˻ҪСүɣ
˵ֶŮԴԺĽ޵º󣬾һֱ
Ϊ˺Ҫ˵¡
ƫˣҲܹˣ̽أնĽ޵ºԥܾһֱʹ˸ǳ
˵Ľ޵ºȻּЧġ
ΪʲôԣԺܵϵĸ˵ˣСչǸ˲ӣһкöôڻϿǾǰ;һ£ܽҲΪδ·ˡ
ԭĴ㡣
СѾͷŸϽͷǷ˵ĴáֻǣͲ̽һ¾үô
Ǻǣ̽ʲô飬ԵҪΪǿˣ˭֪ƫ֦
Ƿ㣿
ƺ㣬СѾͷе㲻ġ
ıģ⼸СҪʱ򱾷Իаš
û죬Ƚùã˵Ľ޵µķ粨ϲĺܡ
ǹùɵðæһ飬ضҪɹſɡ
ƤԼֶŮ̴ŶǣҲƤˣǰһᵽ£ͲСɺãȻҲܲ˵ġ
࣬ⲻΪԼδôһԥԺɾûҸˡ
ţһļáӵеҸһҪʱȡȻʱһӵ¡ŮˣҸץסɾźѽ
ᵽ¶Ȼ
үԼˡ
ʵϲˡ
ֻϧǻһԥ֮Я֣մģۿ𡣵ڣԽ
Լõһλүүһ޳ɣֻʵĴڸ档е㱾£ﻹʵġżҲǻкѾͷǷһЩôѽôʵ˵ĻǹأҪ͵ȣҪ˯˱Ůˡ
ùãڵҲá룬ҹүˡ
ϽȰο
ţ֪ˣŵģ㿴Ҳɣ
£˱Լļı˵˳
ù鷢ˣʱҾûˡ
ǰ飬ԼŰ졣ڲԸȥԣǿԻͷġֻǳ⣬Ҳɣȫˡ
ôһ⣬ʵǵġ
Ͼһ°ܣһӾ군ˡ



ʮ£Ϊ˭

ȥȥͻùһӶڵġ
⻰֪ΪȴǿĲ
ɵˣ顭¹һӡ
˾ȴûôաùã֪أȻѡˣǾȥŹӲҵˣһӳҲбˡ
ĿͷҲգľʱĪҪԹҡôˣҲΪ㰲ź˺·ȻٹС˵ǣһͨ¸ˣ֮Ҳǿеġһ㣬׼
һƲɣҪк·˲žʹ˰
֪ˣлùðš
ӯһݡ
ţҴүڶס鷿棬һ̵Ķȥ͸աǱߣҵˡΪ·ġ
ǡ
Ӧ²ô
뵽ĵЦˡ
ùãȻҵģ³ɣһӶЧ㡣
˰֣飬Ժ˵ɡ
ʰͣͶŵԷȥ
ȴ֪ݵĽ޵£ǰǻζӰ
һ뵽ѪַֹĺܡǼ尾
˵Żյһڡ
ʣŹô
ӣȥơ
Ľ޵üԺ鷿֮ģһѾͷǰ
ңİ˵
ԺصأôŮǰ
Ϥˡһ룬Ҳա
ǣ
С˴ţ㿴һλװŮվſڡ
ǣ
˵ֶŮҼҹùһЩصģ˵үϲˡ
Сɨһǰӵģͷˡ
һһ֮룬һֻ
ҪĿİɡ
һʱ䣬СЩΪѡ
ɡ
Ľ޵ЦֻҲһҪֶŮǰɡ
˼ʲôĿģǲŽҲ̫˵ȥˡһ룬Ľ޵±Сˣ̫á
С򣬸ϽŴ򿪡
үҴŴ͸һ
ŹӣҹùרһЩģ˵ζģԹùҲһЩ
ˡĽ޵µͷȲ衣
Ǹӣͻأǰʵ񲻺ϣֻҴӦһѣҪùӵһֻԡ
⻰˵ĺģĽ޵ʼ磬С㣬ұ߹ֻȡһ
õĹӡ
ֻǣСתһ˵
ӣôˣ
ŵڵϵĽ޵£СŻˡųǰĽ޵£ӣ
ҡ
ǣ念һֻ˵һ仰ͳױ۾
䣬䡣
ô£
ǲʲôҪҼҹӺúõģһͳ¶ˣ
СܻίֱᡣҸղžվҪԹʲôҲ첻ڲҪ˵ЩϽȥд
⡭
Ľ޵ΣСϽתȥˡ
ƽʱû棬Ժǵöػ档ȻеҲ
һתŵڴ齵Ľ޵Цˡ
һҩĽ޵±ǰĨĨԲѵˣȴ۾
ֻǣѰͬһ۾ġ
Ǳ˸ˡ
˭
ӣղεˣСȥˡ㣬㻹ðɣ
Ҫǰˡ
˲䣬Ľ޵Ժֻһֳ嶯ǰŮˡ
ǣдһ˿ȴŮĺܲԾ
ͳͳҹ
һƿײײܡ
һҪӣĲؾ
ù˵˵ģǸҩԸһλǾֵǣʵ˵ôг롣һƣҲǿѹˡֻҪԼһ
һ룬żһ˹ȥǿ§Ľ޵¡
ӣ㲻Ҫ嶯ǧҪ嶯
˵Żȴ岻ϵĲĽ޵¡

Ľ޵µԵЩ
ã˾Լ
Ҫһ
ǿ§ŵȴʱһĿ
ҪĽ
ɴ۾ٿ֣ŹӣֻĽ̫ãֻһ𳤾顣û̫Ķ⡣
涪˵
˱Ļȫ
Ǹ߳ȥıӰͻȻ䷴Ӧ
ղţĽ޵²ѹ֮Իı֣ʵȫΪǿԿԼ
ˣҩ֮£Ҳһôɵġ
뵽ùøԼģҩһЩָϣҲʹʧңգŵ顣
Ľ޵ֻһȴһ
Ȼǽڣ֪Լǳ׵ˡ



ʮ£

²Ľ޵²û¶ÿСͱǿиʣ壬ιüҰ󶼷ҩܱЩ
ֻʹҲǼܵġ䣬ȫľѪҺ
֮壬嵽ǰʱ˾ʧԡ
Һ䣬䡣
غ¼Ľ޵µ˲䣬Ҳһ
һλүʱȫ
һɫ˪˵ʱж䡣
ӣ󲻶ԡ
Сţҷݣ£һ𡣡
˲䣬Ľ޵»ҪһЩ˵ֻǰֽ֡
һһȥֹѾͷɬ
ʵҲ֪ⲻǾү󵨣Ǽɫ֮ġ
ڱ֮£ԱܵԭʼķӦҪȡůѡ
ǹ˲ԵģʱСֻۡ
ò׷˷봲齡Ľ޵µڴϵ˲䣬ǱӶմһ˪
ǲ˸үʳ˶
ӣӦġū˰Ѿүغ˵Ĳˮ֮ģȫֻǾү
ؿŻʹžεĽ޵£Ҳޱȵļ尾
һС̫ˡ
ǰЩСܿࡣ
죬ȴֻ˾ү
˵ǶԵһˣȴƫƫҪ尾ɼҲǼˣԸ̫ˡ
ǳȥʱֻչ
һ֮ϣЩҲо
֪Щʵǲճġһ磬ֹƳ֮ĶʵͲںԡ
ȻĶȴǴ䡣Ϊоƣ鼮Ҳһоƶ˵õһЩĸ򡣻ȷʵеͨġ
ˣȥǰŴ׼үҩҺԺĶ㣬Ҳ׽
С㣬Ҫ
ľ
ԺĶ㣬ϸСָֻ״ССȴǵĶСȻͷСǿȴġС˵ֻҪһֶǶͻɢջĵζ
Сſɰ˭뵽רųԡ
ЩСʱ򣬾Ͳûˡ
ֶһǺÿģϸȴڸǲǳªʵ
ҪģЩԵʳ̫ˡ
ˣǶ˽ȥɡҲЩһģסӡ
˰Ѷ˽ݺγǰĽ޵һҩ£ٰ˵Ѫһ𣬾ǸϸСĶʳȥ
СţҲɣҲͿһˣǲУȪ·ϣһɺá
á
û뵽Ľ޵Ȼȴһ˿ǡ
޷ˣЦˡ
ţ£ʵӦһܵḶ́㲻һ𡭡ҪԲôþˡ
Ľ޵µɣá
ֻҪСģôŶС
ôǵһηĵЦˣСžСţȷʵǷͬ롣
ɫʢ˳ªѪͱ˵Ľơ
Ʋ˲䣬Ľ޵Цˡ
СԼȫ·ǵǡ

ڶȻŴУ⣬͸棬Ż㣬ĵϣԭ˵

ӭ˫۾Цˣ̰üۣɺˣ
൱ĺãûйĺá
ţҲǣûôɹƺþҶôġ
ϣɬ
һᣬһ˲ǿԵСţա
ȻﻹԸ⡣һѽƽڴ齡ٲ˿Ʈϣɫ黨źںڵķһ˲Ʋۡ
һξס绨Ĵֲ濪ָڲ濪˲䣬ݺһ
Сš

Ҫֿ
Զòã
ҵ
Сš
ϸغߺ
ԭ˵ưţˣôˣƲɡڿ˼Ҳǿƺõôá
ȥ׼Եģˮ
ĶСˣʿɷҪˮ̺ʱߵĲԸˡ
ţˮǶǳȥɡ
Ľ޵º
ɵɵֵ´Ҫȳ̺
ԼҪܡ
ΪĵģͲҪҵˡԣſ
㡭
һӵӣŤͷҶ
ĨˣϸµΪ¿źáڿҪʱĶİ§һͨݺ۸Ųʷſ
Ҫǿܲסˣһ
㣬ﻹҪơ



ʮ£ҩͣ

ҪأȿȣΪزҩͣҵƣҲɷơ
˵꣬һɡ
ɰԸٴˡ
ҪңԺǾķֿ˯
ȣ֡Է
ˬĽ޵£ֻػһ
˵ǰĵģǲǶİ֪ǱֻҪһͣﻹҪƽ޹ôĿѣ
һᣬҲü뵽Լѧһаķ
ҲͷĿ
Сţһֳª㣬ɻǵã
ţϣĽ޵ȻĿҪʧ֪Щ黹Ǽǵõġ
иԼιʳѪ㡣
Ǹ㣬ڵĹƳӡң֪ڵĹƳôγɵôʵһЩڿĳӡ磬ԲʵǿԲдһЩӵġЩɾĶǳԺҲԲе˵ԲɳӵĳѨЩĳӣٸڣһʵĻ棬֪Щӷչ̶ֳˣһЩʳͶι֮ҪôҪôɱңþͳһ¼Դһԡ㣬ƺڵֶŷͬСɵáҲǲܲڵĹƳӸɵ
ʵνĹơ
һЩһЩʳ׳һЩӣͶﵽ˵Ŀġ
ƣǱ˴ŵĿˡǣԲٿ˵һֶ
ϾЩڵĳӣһγӴĹģͻ˵ʳ֮գΪһûѪĿտӡǹƳӻᱻ̸֮ɫԭʵǾǰ˵вʳ˾ѪĴڡ
˵ѪҺһۺЩ㣬ŵڵĹƱѹˡǣĿǰ˵ֻѹƣüʳЩѪô
ͷԣ¶Ҳϸ˵ϾֶҲǣԺҪܵʵ
Ľ޵µ̹Ȼĺܡʵֻ㿴ĶˡǺԲһЩĺãĺãǿԵôһһе˳е˳ĳªǲΪһªˣӴ˾ͶȫǳªİɡҲΪһƯ˶ӴԺΪϵˣƯġûô뵱ȻѪʱֻҪţԺһһǣֵͷγ֮У
񶨶ﴽЦţСţԵʦء
ٺ٣ҪҲֻ㽲˵Եôˡ
ˣȥ°ɣһҿܻô긮󣬾ȥԺ
þòȥԺˣǵȥء
ȥ֮ǰǵôһĽ޵Īҩ顣
뵽ɫ΢䡣ںĽɽĽ⸮ǳţЩֵˣһЩء
أˣ
ӣˮǸӶֽš
ǷʤǵҲˣȻû뵽ˮӻ⡣
̾˿Դȥ⸮Ҳһ¡ڣ⸣ŵ˲ûء
ԷΪһֱڵңҲŵĹġɾˣҲбȥ
ϤȥǮ˲ٵĹǮ˲ٵӡǮԺҵʱҲûԥľʹӦˡ
ȻĵǸɵأԺԺˣ̫ǮİãǶһЩУйǵʳʳ֮ģԼ˹ֵĺáȻһ˱ȥˣӱ˻֪ô¡
ŵĸϽӦ
ǣˡ
ţһȥ˵л͵ĵˡ
Ѻϣɫ΢䡣
ˣΪǺ۸ġ
˲ŽôҾ͸һ
յлʱЩšֶŮ¶ˣڣǱߵƺæţûа˾ţˡ
ֻһЩͨĵģ̷Ĳ١
չֻһѾͷλģʲô۸㣬һš
ԵˣֻܣԺմմϲûٷߵӿһеģǡ
֪ģһλλľŷˣնûһǺ³ġº󻹻͵ˣԵĲǹ·緶



ʮ£ǰү˵£

˻СĽΪܾãѾͷ̫ʡ˵ɻǵó
ǵð⸮ûºãô⳯ĽݸĽɣⲻܰɣһУȫǳԼġ˭ǺһЩĵҪģЩµΪ͵ԺǺǣףԼǵһء
㲻ΪȻ
ҡͷ
˰Ҳǵˣǵã
ǵá
Ǻǣţĳôôɺϵľͱײأа⸮棬һֱ۵÷壬ȴ˿ãһкôҪ֪ǰ÷壬һֱԼŲͬСɵĽ顣ˣ˵һֱϵġ
΢ݡ
˼˵£ʵһжڱģ
ϧҲֻǲ²⣬ҾãǸ÷ѻץ̫ˡҪһ㣬ʱ£ôôɺϵľͱײˡҪ֪ǶûҲвʱء
˲ΪȻ˵¡ôһֱ̫ˣҪȻôһʧֵʱ򡣷ҲЩһѾͷλŮ˸ɳġ
ִԲҲٶȰ
ֻü䣬ȴŲٵӵˣЩūŵģҲ䲻úðϧ̫ţҲΪԼǸۺġǷ˵Ҳˣ⣿
֪ôģӾǾ¶̫򵥵ġʱ˺ԺߵĸǰۼĳŹ
ףе㲻һءǣԲˣ
ѯʡ
ߵͷΪһЩ飬һˡֻ⣬ûгԵ¹ʣҲǲء
춼Ŵˡ
ƣأ˲ġ㲻֪ЩʱһֱڷôȥҪʱ֮ءڿɺãԲˣɼүҲġҲǣһˣôͼܵˣӦöϢô
˵֣۵࣬޵
ǳС˰ɣ˯˶ʱ䣿
Լҹﳤô绨ġһֱûͬôͻȻ俪˻磬Ҫ˵ǸүܵסҲǲŵġ
ôϸѯʣ൱ɬ
ĪģֻǡϢѡ
ߣΪ˳ͷϣ죬㶼ʵĴһ߶ã죬ʵĴš

ȴǿɸˣʱ򣬶ʱ仹áǳˣ˫ɶáСҲǲſ˻ģҲ̫ôϹʱҪҪ
һ˼ĳ
ɸ㰡Щ¶ǲϵģֻԺڵġ̰ԲŶһġĪΪ飬Щ飬ôʱν֮ʵɣҲǴʱͿʼġҪʱ͵עšû˵ģҪٸҷԣԺҲ»⵱ġ
ŶôҴӦˡҪҲֻ˳ӡҲΪԼãʱֿһ£˫ҲȷʵǺãĽ޵µ˼ֻ¿ƲסԼͣһ˼ҲͲپ¡
£ѯ֮£ϸϸ˵ԼڹƳӵĿ
ţƺһףһ˵Ҳ˵Ǹ참˶ʱö飬Ҳù֡ҳŰɣʵҲǸܷʱĲ¶˽ĶˣԺưҲһЩ
ɼﻹǶԶˡһʵʺôĿҸˡȤ
ȴ˼ЦЦⲻҪ뿪ˣЩ飬ΪġŶˣһϲ¶ǰɩһֱǸɶӵطѧҽںˣ˵ҪǰߣʦԾ͸Ź׼һǵĻ¸ˡʱˣҲ˰æչˡһ˵ȻˣɼǸĵĹֻԼˣһ治Ⱑ
ҸҪء
ϢҲͦϲġ
ɲôҪˡϢſ˰ɡ
ţǿġǽĵ֮һڿʼ͵׼ĻƸʲôģ÷ḻһЩϾ˼ҿǿء
⻹˵ġ
ƸҪôɾдȶء
ҲǳĺܡǼҪȢһʵһ˼ֻϲֲ̫ˡ



ʮһ£׾

еΪжȢйǸ˵顣ϾȢˣΪٿɾˡڣйû̫ĳϢǿȴǿ˵ġΪѧͷĻ²űֱġȻѧϲöϧ
Щ֮ȣġ˼Ǽ˵أҲֻһ⼸ˮƽǲۺʱǾͱȳİɡóеļҵףӭȢҴɩɺã
ͷҾд⡣СҵûġϾҲûĸϵˡ
˵Ůı൱Į
ô
Щ档
Ц
Ǹ㰡ǸĴġҺϲСӣԾͰԼССŮҲΪǹɿɰġһʱ˼ҾúӴ˵ʲô۸ˣ汻˴ѹˡô۸ôôģС˵¶ɵء
Һһ֮£Ծ˰ˡ
Ĳţˡ֪Ƕ̰ˡ
ȻֻһССż¼˾ְλǾǣ氡
Ȼֻһ¼˾ֻҪ۾ãӴ¶࿴ǣѧʱûǰ;ôҪһ㣬ǸǸʲ
㻹̫ԼҲ̫Ƥǳˡ
Ҳ¶һ룬ͨˡ
֣ţҲ֪ġݵϴ󰡡ǸӴǺǣҶϡ˵ˡŪ⾩ǵ̺ˣӰɡãһЩκģҲ֪Լʲôˡ񵽺ãȻҪӪϵӪǣͷⰡһ˶ȥͨǺǣֱǽ˵ѽ⺣ϵӪĸˣԺ˼ôҡе˰Ƿáһˣʲô֪ҳŰɣԺҪˣǲŻĵġ
Գһ
üԺиֳں˵һЩ顣
Ҫ˵Ľ޵µӪ󣬲Щ괴²ٵĲƸҲΪ˵ԭ
ϽǣһЩ˽µԴԽкϵĽסңǰһЩ䣬Կǰ֪ϵһЩӪ
Ҫģһ֮ġΪһ
ﺣȷʵǸ׬ǮӪֹͳ͢Ÿɵ飬ӦҵȥҾǰҲӦǴֻ֪ŵȥ⾩ôˣһֱڰЩӪҲ٣ǣ˼Ҳ÷˾ͽ¸ݡҲҽôɵأǱţǹʹءǼʶ̣ǲ֮ƽϡ̬ϣ»ǵǱһźáȻʱǲ̫ġ
йһҲǲĲ١֪ǸҰĵˣҲǸû̫ӵĴڡȻôСط⣬Ҳʧܵһزġ
ţ֪أ̽ӣҲֻѲ棬Ҳ̫ӵġֻϣܺðɡ
ᵽЩ£̫⡣̸ˣߣȥ׼ƸһϣһõĶϱȢšŮǼ޵˰Ҳ޵СǸϽģõġˣָˡ
΢Цǫء
ĸŮ˵ţתȥ׼һЩƸ¶
һߣ·棬ҲüĲѡ
һʦȴνЦ
ǳϱţ⵽ãϱţ˵ĵĲѡкκõĵġҵĿҪӦѧһЩٻġϸҪޣͽܰҵ
ʦĪ˵ԶĺͽܡѧһҪԶˣ÷˵Զ㣬һǰ°ˣϲܰһġҪ˵ҲҵĲТЩʱ˵ѧҾӦھˡ
ӲΪȻǣ̫Сһ㡣Ҫҵ˵¶Ͳ̫աˣˣ˭ͽء㷳ǣҲ̫ùġһ˾㣬ˣҪ׼һЩɶˣ
һᵽˡ
ʦܾԼ׼ﲻ̫׵ġ˵ѧǸϸˡ˵Ǹ绨˶Ҽ޵÷¹ѧԺõĽһλһˣ˵ҪôﰡѧĵҲǲܾã׼һЩҩʲôģ̫׵
ͽֿʼǺ䲻
˵㰡ôôĲأ˰ˣҲˡΪʦһһ



ʮ£ϱ

ѧҩ㾫оģЩҩʦиҼϣ
һᣬͼȲ˼
ʦԺΪ䱸һЩġ
Ҳٶ
˵СӵҩЩͬǶ壬пرЧĴڡ˵һЩЩʦҲûоĶʦһҩ֪г۸жǮô
һᣬ֪࣬ģʦһҩ۸ǧڽⶾģߵһﵽǧһ
԰һ;һƿСģᵽ¶Ǹ
ɹͽܣôֻΪء
˵ҲȻһ㡣
ʦԼ֪ҩֻ֮ǣǲһ֪ôһ㣬᲻̫Сأ
̲ı۾˸۲Ϊ
ʦˣ͸Ͻʦ˼ҲТ˳ءֻһʱĴæһ㣬Ծ͸һЩǰΪרƵġ
廹ǲͽڿ˺ˣûöҩ֮ģǸˡ
ʦͽһ·໥ֱ˴˹ţô˾ǡ
Ȼص棬߶߶һأҲֻЦֵܺ͸˵˺ð졣
ֻһܵܡ
Щ᲻޳ȥʹˣԳˣҲʵġ
Լ۾һɣʱҸ治еѧ
ʵǰͺѧᣬǻ˾Ǹġƫƫϲģִ͸ϸ黳మɱô꣬ü˶ѧȻһ˻ƺĿڷֱˡ
尡ɵÿǺˣ˵⾩ڵᵽҼӣһĲмһĶǱӵĺܰ˵Сҹ䣬ֻҪᵽ֣ǺӶҿء˵ǲܼ޵ġˣһӶñţŹ
Žѵ꣬һߵķѴҲſһ˰ٵĿʼ̵Ȱ䡣
أǸ˴ˣѧŮ˿ᷳȫһɫС̺ţûһŮѾͷ̺򰡡ܽҲȫһЩˣ֮ġ˵пǸĴڡҲ˵ɣǸеļһˣΪ㻹ǲҪ޸ĺá˹һӣɲǹ⿴ŶԷеġ
һ߳ɳķķʣҲȰ˵ҵĽι»ǲҪ׼˵ĺáʵֻҪڼǳסһӣҲġҪ˸˵㣬Сȥ˵͸ˡ˸ҿ㣬Ұ۾ˡ
һСϽͣ԰԰㣬㲻ü˵ģ͸ţǾͦõġ
ɨһۻҪٽſȰԼֵǵˡ
˵ƽʱҶǵĹǲϸ񰡡бҪһʱԼһǼ㻹ںȾǾ棬һЩʦѧһЩԺ˾ƣȴһֱ˷ģµĶֻҪԻ£ǻеĸһһֱ¸ͣţҩרΪоĽƵҩҾӦøãȻһֱ塣
һ⻹˰ǰΨİøˣԺǻ֣ܽȣ尡ûˣҾãʵ޸ҳӣҲǲԵġţ˰ɣڼɳ𰡡
ɲⰡһͷҪԼΨһıŮ죬Ŀ尡㻳ʮ˵Ҫ˾ͼˣԺô죿һ㣬ܵء
ͷʹһҲзˡ
ʵôأҲúҵġһӲˣҲ˵ȥңҲ˵ˣһ˻Ͱ¸ˡΪѰ
ǸġͰĨĸ
ҾΪˣΪǣŮҪ˼ˡΪǣߡ˵ʲôҲԸ˵ġ
Ķˡﰡ߻ˣЩŮҲ軵ˡ
һԲϾвҪˣƤ
ɣһڼչ㣿
ﲻ˼УԶ
Ů
һ仰νʯ쾪˶ܰɣô
ѼңʱһŮˣ



ʮ£׵ļ

۵ؿָŷѵָϲģЩʱ˵Ҳģ˰ɡڿɺãŮˣңҲˡ
ѵͰͿǣûйŮ˰Ůģ
壬Ůѵ˵һ
ۡ
ô׵ĵļҵ˸Ͻ߰巭˸ۣɨһȺҪ뿴Ϸļһǡ
ҵ˼أﻹôӵģأδһЩ̲ҩʳԺ󣬾ͿΪһŮʱСչǣõ¶
Ĵ˺һסӵˣˣôɬĻôǼҹ˵ĳġⲻʵӣӵĻء
᲻ңһҲ벻ķ˵ˣΪǿ壬ٷʳҩʮˣҲԵڵļãʱ˵һԶŮء
һ߷ѴʿԽ˵Խ󻰣İˡ
ʹˣѣɣһһӡŮˣҲ㡣ҪޣްɣǼҲһֱ㡣һεÿôȢ㡣ǳĲߣݹ⵱ĲӦá
ãи˵˻ˣãһӺòװǣֲò˵һӣ̫ˡҲһֱڷѼҲް
ţģҲ뿴
ͷ
תȥ󣬻ǾŰʰһڶѧǰʱصظ
ЩమһǰȥţҲӦ¶
ΪŮӣ廹ǻٵеġ
£Ҽ˶ǼɿˡƽʱҲôϲǿ㣬һϲġ
ɲΪ˶ѧϲġ֪˶ѧչмӡͿƽʱϵ·һЬһͲѿжྫĴһС
㲻ã
һбһҪΪ򱧲ƽӡ
һ£ѧϽĿڣʵҲ治ã˵ܾòС߻жǺáҾǸ¡
ǿˡţΪԼó裬ڸء
ǣһ͸ѵһ
ȣʵﻹˡҾС߶ң̫ġ򣬻ȶҺãҪѵͽѵС߰ɣСӣûҵɴ翴ҲǼӢһĴôôܰǳСӵӢһĿأؼһ㣬ǳһǰǼߵġ
ãһ·ˡԼ˲˳Լ١
Ǿã̫Ľ޵£̫̫үˡǺǣ˰Ȼʦ˵̫ˡ
طˣ³ɡ
ǰߴ֣˿
˵ĺãϱţչ黹ǵüġûʲôòĵġ
̤ڵ˲䣬򸮵žӦ
Ǵɩô
Ǹһ仨ĹʱһӾ̤ʵˡԽţ͸̽Цݣ˾ûһɺøС
ڵײһ˲䣬˴˶͸ԷƺԼӰһЦȻֻǼ򵥵һ棬ɷ岻òϣһСӣƺߵ˸Լ
ɩӣܸ˿㡣
Ҳǣǽȥ̸
Яһǣ֣ôѧӱ߶
˽ȥˣ˲ŵĴչ尡˵ҲϲİɣôһŹֵˡֻһСѾͷƬӣ˚иתһôǶϲ˵˲Ҳ֣ҲҵүôӦ˶ϲҵģ
ʾ˵ĻһҲһٳϸҴƴĴڡ
񣬺СԹ磬˵˵ɩӲء
ɩӲġ˵ѧСĿ塣尡Ҫöתһ£ȥȥ
ҪˣԵģڷˡ
ţȥæɡ
磬ɩðɡ񣬿ϤѿϽסԼҲ׵Ĵ硣
ȴ֣㣬Ҹģ߰ɡ
Ժ󣬿һķʱһЦˡԼ˻ûƭˣһӶʵġ
ǵƺ൱Ķֶķ򸾣Ǻദġ
ɩӣɩɩӣҸ˵ļ൱ĺãٺ١
һȽϻѵСӡ



ʮ£С˳

ɩӣ˵ҽ˵ãҪģоҩ﷽棬Ŷصһס
ݣǾ񹻵С˵ȥͺϵİһҩ档
ЩСն˵Сϲġ
İԻϲûžͺĹСΪСˡɼǰǵһ˿ôɩӣ
һҵĵ΢һ㡣ǰ˿ãһλǰλ޸Ľɽλһ
λһ̺򣬿Ϊôװء
㲻ҪֻſɩӰһˣֻͱ㿴Ĳˡ
һֱĴŷ壬ԼﺦߡѣεЦ
Ƿɫ΢죬ܵϲĸ֣ȥ棬һչѧֻǣǰˣҲҪ״ġ
һǿ϶صͷԵģԵģǵ㲻֪ǼҴʣɶëˡû¶͸λԴףһ͵˲ɼҵˣôһģû¶͡
һ˵ӵĲǣǴǡšż񽻻һĵ񡣹˺þãȵС˵ĲˣȥϢʱŵ˿иһ˵Ļ
ġ
ţҲġӦǣһԹŮ֣ҿҲѧĲġ
סЦˡ
һ㻹治ء
ҲʱһˡΪڽʱ򣬾ͻöԷǸ˽Ӵˡ
ԭʵΪԼǶԷˡ
˴˶ϤһϸڣһһУԼĶô
һ룬˵̸˳˺ü֡
˵һδһ棬˳еġ̺ܰҲ
ʱԼĺöһԵ񣬡ͳͳߣЩԺġ
ɩӣ㻹һЩɡ
ͷϵӣɶԼߣŵĸϽ֡
ߣߣ㲻֪Щû̫ôҪ˸Ҵǡ㣬һ˳ȥյĺܡЩԺһǲĺôôһЩͼľǰȫ
ôػţĵЦǣл㡣
תЩصͿʼŵЩʲôȥ
ɩôҲʲôҲ
Ҫľһĳ⡣ԣ԰ԼһЩ˳˲ٵĵġЩĿǰõĳġ
յЩԵģģҲǱиˡ
СӣͦԵġպ࣬ҲǸĵġߣؼġ
𿴷ƽʱôסǼһЩϸڵĶġ
һ˰ɡ
ţȥҵϸȫһ顣
ڵҪ󣬷ǲƴǵġ
£Ͱȥҵһȫ˵˳
ȷʵĵһˡҲаһӣŶˣ˵Ǽ̫ĵ޹ӣһԸǲġ
ŮƢԵġû̫ϡһҲ˶ӡǻʺǶŮҲ˵ϻġȻҪĻŮҩһǵ˻ʺķۣôܶ˵ĺءҲ˵һ㣬ŮȫԻĸõġ
ȥްɡҲһӡ
Ȼ˸УǣӦ޵ĻǵüޡֻҪ˼ҺãǵͼءŮĿģʲôáǼǲҪŮϵĴڣֻҪҸһаñ졣
һγɹļᣬǽ̸ɻˡ
Ҽ֮ôһ£ò˵ǺʿĹע䣬һҪ׵Ļλ͢ϼͷˡ
˵ײϣܶλ󰸣鰸Ҹ涼ֵĴڡ
һˣڳ͢Ҳǹ³
˵˳ǲ̫ȥݵġ
ڣ⾩棬ԷģǲԷģȻˡһСյĺҲǶⷿ
ȫ֮ӭȢϢҲȫǴ￪
һ뵽סĺԺҲȥƸ񣬾Ҳ˵ë˼ûȨƣҲѫ֮ҡ
ǣ˺гⰡ
ȫ֮Ȣףѫ֮Һϳٷ֮һӭȢһŽȻͬ
ѫ֮ҵİٷ֮һݻǣȫҵĲӭȢһλǿǸһġ
˻˰˼Ҿȫ֮ӭȢ壬ȫмλһģ
ǰ˻һ㡣



ʮ£һ˲

С˳˲飬Ҳڵʹ˻Ƕ
ϣȫǵ˶ʲô˼ţ
ǰ㱨ĸˣҲǻϵ׽εˡ
ôţȻԿŵġǵʱ򣬻ȥң͵ĺ񡣺ǺǣҼ޵ĸǰп죬˵жġҪӣҪţҪһҪɶġºˣֻǳɸףⷿˡţ޵ĳǻǺǮô
İ̾ȻһЩǻ̫뵱Ȼˡ
ΪͿС˵ƨҲԱȫԼԼԺеӡ֮ģڷʱ̫ɶ˭֪ôһȴǱ˵ĵӸ¶СˣǾǻϵĵָնģ񣬲ǵ˵Ҳô
£С˻հġ޺ܿõ÷Ҫ뿪˰ɣ
ţֹС˵÷򣬻ĵܵܣҲһ˳ǳ˳Ǹط̫һЩô˰׼֮أҲճô
ֱı⣬ֻҪĥĽ޵һܳǣڷĵطҲ̫һЩ
һãпܻҲסĵط
˼Ľݴ˵ĵҲϸƹġȻڽ涾ҩȴоң޿ķˣƺҲԶŶصһסһˣĵطΪҲֻ˵ǿǰաǸ֮أȻҲ񣬿ǣҲܿǵĵط
ԽһףҲԽ֤һ˵Ĳ׿֮
һж׵ˡ
ţȥɡ
ԭµڻţڵڶͻȥ˼ˣ죬ڼ͹ţССӵˡ
һȻûйǷֿʱ˴ȴۡ
壬Ҿһ⾩ˡ
ήڳѧҲǸڳһԲϾ˴ֵˡʱί˵ĺӣѹ§ԼСĨᡣ
㻹ҡѹ֣ǻôеҪһʵ˰ɡ
˿ƼǿʵģȴǲԸһ˹µĹ
ϲ֡µ񣬾ǶΪӡһδڸо̫µ
ԺʱǾСֶŮСֶˡһӣǿɰĺܣڴĺء
һᣬСҲͲѹ
գգ۾ЩεĨȥᡣ
ϱ㲻ЦҰɡ
ΪʲôҪЦأªһҶƼο˵㡣
һģСҧ壬Ҳˡ
ʾһѧ
һᣬС˾ͿЦ
һڣԭ˸УҲ͵ࡣ
ˣ÷һ˳Уб߹صļλҲҪͬУأҲ̫ġ
ҹһġеϾЩطΣûм߹صţΪ
ѧһ˵֪ˣһλ浣Լ÷ȻˣҲǰ̰ŵļ׵ġ
ǣԶĵͶĸΣοš
ٺ٣ôġһȥ߹أһҲ̫ģ
˭üϸʡ
Ľƣ
Ľݸˣ
岻̫˽ĽƵĹȥԲдһʡ
ţĸСܼĽݸ浱ˣǻ̺˲ǱˣλĽƵĹүֻǣĽƺŲһ㺡˵ͱ߹صĳ½ŮĻȣҲˡȻһǲ˶һŮִ׾ͷˣǲô򵥡ңרŵһǸĽƺǸռǿˡһˣľʹ˶ô
һ㣬Ҳķա
ôһЩ˵
飬ĸ÷˵ˡ߶˭Ҳҵչ÷ҪȥĵطҪЩ˴򽻵ġǰҲ飬ʱϾͰĽ޵µ鶩ȵҵ鶼˶֣ҵĽ飬Ҳû϶Դı䡣ģǾһЩĽƵ顣
ֻǣ˵ǡ
Խǵ飬ԽãĽݸĽ޵»ǿ֮Уһ˲ţͷĽĪˡ
Ǹ˳֮ǰд棬Եʱ򣬴˵ĽǶʵ˵ɡ٣ǳѫ֮ңƴҲıĴڡôȫͨʿƴ򳤡ֻҪһͼпһĴڣм׶֮ʿ



ʮ£гС

ο˵˻ѫ֮ҵĽݸȥˡ
ǸĽƣңҲǼ˲Űһˣ÷Ҳеʵ൱ĸо
ĽƵôˣ
岻ţҪ֪Ľ޵ȫ˵ҲǼΪɫĴڡ
ȻԼߵ˲ɫġҲòϣĽ޵ҲǲĴڡ
ţϸ˽ĽƵһϣϢۺһҲУڴƴĴڡһˣ÷Ͼô
һ·ҲĬˣѧ˵һĽ޵ȷʵһǿдڡ
ˣû᲻ܻȫһĽƶ򲻰ܣԺδһĺܣҪô죿⵱ɩӵҲܻһӵȫɡ
ͷҲǣҲһ㣬ܰľͰɣչںˣǲܹˣһ£ֻ⵱ʳˡ
ԼˣǼ˽ģ˵࣬ѧֲ˼ģƤ˵ģֻҶһЦҲһЦҹ²ᡣ
ͷ˵Ľ޵£ͬСһΡǰһ·һ˻һԼ·ʱҲһġ
ĸŮҲкþòˣһȨ֡
⵽Ҳǣڳ棬Щܡ
С⻰͸ҡͷҲĽġҪ˵ҲۺءƨҲԼˡ
ʵŲʵһҲܵĺܡƫƫһεʱҲ̫ɷģԻ˳ȥ
;ɲôڻûޣˣǿɾ͸ѰˡСˮһ·һ·㿴ܣҲܵķҲԲȥġ
һᣬЩӺǡǰижáԴӺĽ޵һҸķʼһһĳˡʵǣ˶һЩûôį
˵ǣǵ˳ҺСž׼Ҫˡ
һ˵ˡ
ãţҲ׼ȥӳǴչһһ߿һЩʲô顣ˣٷ˵ģҲΪǡ
һԾԾԵӣֳ
ţﻹҪڵεʱҲΪأ
ǿɲôûΪĺ˼ǰţһ˳ȥܹԹҲѧϰɾͰ
ǣϳ˵Ӵ
ĸŮ໥ȤţҲڵż羰ÿֻͣҪʱϲ̫æģԸ³зԽ
ĸŮһҲйȥ
õǣĸŮںԺ߶ҳ궼ںԺŪ֮ģ廹ǿһйźȴҲ泩
泵ӵĻ⼸ҽҵļˣһ·ҲΪ֡һԡ֮ս˵׳ӴǼͷӵõľͳɾҲûܻȫҲ֪ģб̣ʧݣǾľɢˣϾû
ͷһ˾ǰҪߵʱһ
ǲ²ôţ
һУȳһͷߴĿϵǸӴǿĶһ˫üǵصһֻ࣬һɨȥǵ˾ŵĻ겻ڡ
⽲µһˣû뵽쵽ͦ˵һԡصս˵άάФ
𣬾һһͬǰ
˵ģǸӢСաһеФ³棬һλФҲǰԼʰĺܽ޶ˡ
Ǻǣ˽ңȻҲϲ˭ֶءǸƤˡһֱФ˲̫˳ۣһ·͸һԻϲԩƵġ
ʱΪһСܶϺð졣ʱɶóԵģֳĶһµϲȻ̫ƣϰ߰ϣȴž˵ͬΪ񶼸̾һԩҡ
Ǻǣǻ˵ôĲǱˣĽСݵӣҼͷݣļλҲûСĽݽķ緶˵Ľݸôôͳһأ
彩Ӳ
һǻҵ֣
Ľ˵ʵҲŮǺθо˵ûɣŮҲȫûġ˵ɣҲȫ֮ǵĹϵ׽
ǰʱҲͲˡԵ֣Ůˣ޸ͬĽݸĽ޵£һλĽݹȾɲ̫á



ʮ£ں

أȴ붮ĸ׵ĵǡ
΢΢һЦ̫ˡ
ŷǾͺãСţͦõġǲ㲻СţɱˣҲԡ
Ϊز壬ǱҪġǲϲˣֿ޶С˻ά׶Σǣ壬ݵо
Ҷġ˽γ֪һ㣬һĵЦݺĸŮһ·Ĭ˵
ǾûǸˣʱŷ֣ٿգ۶ȴЩꡣ
Ǹ̻ʣȴһ󽫾һֻǣô仯ţ˵ģȻͷСޡ
ҰģһУη岻ǰ
Ŷ˵һλС飬˵һһλ˵һλȻһؼʥӰţǱʥʲôģ֪ʥӣһ˵һЩ֮ģļ̳֮İɡһλʥӣ֮Իᱻ㷺ʵΪ̫ѽˮȴܰǽڵȼмһֻž͵վڰϡаţȴܵͭǮ䣬֣һλʥӼֱöز˼飬ȫϰ
飬Ҳֻѡô֮˵֮ˣҲһӡԵģ
ͻȻ˼һԼ룬Ҳб˻Ҳ
һ뷨һΪʵǣ޷˵ȴ֣ܵ˺¡һͨݵѾͷһȴܸıһĽݸˣǣߵĺö˵ҲŸıˡ
ַˡ
Ůӣһεǵģǲںı֣
Ŷ¡ֻһ飬ͻȻЩ¡
Ŷ
û̸ҲûʡԼŮ˽⣬Ҫ˵ģԼ˵˳ǲԸ˵Ҳ˵ġ
һ·˵Ц˵һЩҰʷ֮ģʱ䵽Ҳͦ졣
һɽ֮еӣº飬ֻҪ̫ϵʱ򣬾һ·
˼ǰһͻһˣھȻԼһˡĳЧƽкá
Ҿ˵ôܹϰ̣Ů˰ٻðáĽݷˣҪáȻʱ޵ʱɾˡ
ͻȻת޵ϣЩΡλȴĺܣǡĽ޵ºʱ
ͲǶģû̫Ҫôӡ
ôļλˣҲЩмܲס䣬⼸λ˻ǿԵԼĴڡ
ҲФҪһЩһλФҲˡ
һ˫̥һӡжƾӣȵФʹ˵λá
ʱ˵Ҫ̫ЩĳҪ˵СĽݷ˻̫ˣĲסŮںլţǵúӲ˨ס˵ġǲ֪Щүжٵݺ裬޺үſʼЩ˴򷢵ġһѾͷôүǰգҲֹܵҵķͷ
һλФү˵Ǹˡû¶ݸŮˣ͸ˣҲؼЩ˵飬Щ꿴ԺһЩһ棬ФүŮˣһ˵Ф˵ıãҲФүӵͷá
ФүǳŮɫУһ챻˴ˣ׳¶ġ
ŮǵĽеС
ǵദͼ򵥶ˣһȺ˴нĽ޵º֮֮ǰģʱӶࡣżȤͻȥһ
˶ҲھΪ⼸λʹЦ
Ȼ˶Ĺ٣Ҳ˵ǼѧһˣĽ޵⼸λʹҲԽദΡ
ÿһطһŮһԺȵĵҲǺòֵġòͣһСջ̫ԵĹ·ϵĳʳԾȥԵġ
ǰڹʱ򣬾һЩݲˣȥ˵Ϳʼ⻹ΣԼӳĻ֮ġݲ˻ⶼеϸϸġ
ŻΣų
·ʺϣ·;ϣһ·Ϻöʳθڵ£ʳθڴ󿪡
һ˶ȥλž̿ˮ
СĽݷˣⶼʲôԭû̫θڵģһˣǾθڴˡ
ŮǣǸһҲһˡ滹ʣµһһҺ˼ңеһλһζʱûоˣһ



ʮ£һ˵Ե

ʳһˣ
Ϊ׵һλɾһжѯʡ
ЩΪѿԶذεĲˡ
ţȷʵθڴˡһ·һߵķʳҪһЩζʵǳԵζĺܡһ˳Ĵæû׼̫ĲϳҪһķУѰ
ЩС£ȥס
תĽ޵һλ˼Цˣĸȥ߹أŸλһݲĭʵǲĽ֪ɷһ㣿ҳǮġ
ṫ˵ţϽͳһ˹һЦСŮģȻ̧βҼҷ˵һϯŽΪԵ֣һ·̣ǻΪԵģʹ˶ύһЩѣֺҲ
֮Ǹѵˣһ˵ԷԣһҲǸˣһ˵λط˵¾Ͱᵽһ
СĽ޵µһȵһһֺСعӶĽ޵ǰְݡ
ǰžŹ֮ڴ˵ȵطҽʶ֮ٹ
ǫǫ
һ޷Ǿ˵һЩʱƣʫĵȡ
һĻҲ٣һЩĴţ羰֮ࡣ
һתҲ֪˭ʹʳϡ
һ̸ۿֳʳȫ̸
ĺö໰ҲֻӦ¡ǣЩʳ棬Щ궼ڣԵҲл⡣
ԵİɣʱҲһ顣óԵʱ򣬻Ƕ˲áʱһЩҰ˱ӣҲóԵġѰʱ򣬻Ҫߵ֮ġʵһôúóԡԾһȻɽ亣ζҲͽζˡ
һǲ˵˵һͬ
ɲôǿһϲߣôóԵĶҲԳһˡǶԷˣִһϲ˶һǳԵôҲóѽҪ˵ϱζҾ͵˵һˡ
ҹشˮˣѷйڳʳһ߶˵һ߼¼
Ľ޵Ľζţһĳ·ˣƽʱŲôԵģƺеġ
ǿɲôƽʱһô˵ÿһط㿴ѾͷСꡣкóԵģȥ´ЩԽҲǳ·˾ΰΰˡЩ꣬˵´ʱ廹̫أҲЩŷˣŵ˹
Ľ޵µͷţһ¶Ҽ⼸ѧʲô
ȵ˴ˣĽ޵¾ʹչ§ʡ˵Ż˵ֽŻԴʼʵ
һҲ۵Ļˣ嶯ĻҪ
Сţ۵ģЩϢɺã
˵鱻ģͷЩ塣һָ̫ÿɺá
ҪԥҲܹˡ
ֱϷš
ұ֤һС
ҧļЩҲЩܣ岻Խ
Сţ㻵
ûߺ꣬㱻ǿƶס
ڿջ棬չ鲻ڼɱȵġԾȤŨĽ޵»ݲ¡ºЩ§ȵ˵طҲ֪ô״˸˵Ǹطæҵĺܣû̫йˡúģҲ˾ˡǣǻڵϿɺá
ջĴһҡ͸֨졣
ҲԼáÿοҪƲסʱץʱ䡣
˼ܾ˶ˡ
ϣ
ľ֮ﾪס
ţҾãڵһŽӣԾ֡ô˵ˣΪһ档
²ŤʾǿҵĿ顣ˣľƺԸڷ֮ˡҲһ˳ҪԵġ
ˣ˵˳ǸǻĵطǸط弫࣬и涾Ҳ֮塣һЩŷŲһ壬ΪԾ˸ŷһĽ֮һʲô̵ģиʥӣ˵ǸͨĴڡõ࣬ô鲻һ壬ط٣ǲõء
ϵ˼ǰЩѱѱʱ˭ǲǾɱ
ǻе˼ǣɱΪҪһλĳȥܣ
˵˵ȥںֱЩշΪԼáҪ֪Щܶ඼Լɫ
Ǹ֮䣬еóֲҩеóһЩŹֵҩ֮ġ
еģóһЩһ֮ġһ壬ףɱȵȡ



ʮ£Ϊ

ʮСկͭ壬Щص壬ܹΪʼãǵһЩС֮ģҲ㹻ѧϰʹá
һǰȥǼ縺ôʹ
ţϵ˼ʵȷˣǰЩΪԼãֻЩ嶼סһЩƧĵطһЩǺΣյĵطеҪΣյ²ܵĴ䣬ҪշһΪĺšΪٵĹԱֲ˺ã෴ģȥطϵĸ峤ˡȻһˣпܾǱڵ³ǿɲϹ٣͢ǵҲǸԼ峤Ĵڡö峤ѡһЩͨˣƾ֮ľͿλġҪշΪ
ģΪתƻ⣬ôһΪĻ⡣
ܻа취ġ
ţ֪û쵽飬Ľ޵²һͰ첻˼˵Ϊ첻аɡ겻У꣬ܿ԰ɡˣҾ֮أΪЧʮꡣ
ʮ꣬˵ƺܾá
ʵǣطֻʮ꣬Ϳ԰һطͬӴĻĻǣʱ丶ʵǺֵõġ
Сţһ˶Ž㣿
գʼȰ
ţ٣Ҳ߰ʱɣһǵʱǺĮ֡Ȼûе⣬Զ֮൱ԣúСһĻᣬ׽ʼҲֻǿСߵϣҵһЦżңҲǿӡ㲻֪ǻҾѰ˼ɣôͲСءöʱ룬СЩطôעôͶģ
أҷֲСĶ㶼Ըϲ
ǸʱҾˣĲãദСĵزҺغšһһ͸ķڣ첻ˣһǽķڹעСߵͬʱҲעˡ
ЦĸϣԣǱߵĸ壬һʼͽôģ㷴Ҫעˣ˼Ŀģԭʲô෴ģһʼͶе˺壬δؾǻġýʮʱңĵ⵭Į֮飬Ϊʲôʮʱ䣬ȥͬЩأ
ͬǣҪǳԿ࣬෴ģͬǣѧ࣬ҲǣδʱѧǴһЩֲиʷĻ֮ġ
˲һֱһطҪչҪӣǾ͵վĸߣĸԶж磬ͻжҪģôǸܵǴĺôҲôǰѣڵЩû͸ȥʱԵνͬǶһ黰ϰںʲôǲں˭ͳǣںģ˭зԣ·ˣǮҴ򿴲
˵ĺܵᣬǣĽ޵ȴš
˺ܶ࣬뵽СʱԼûǮûûϵ
ǻ˶ԲеūǶ
ֱ۸ʹӵҲֻǰĿһӶǵá
ϰʱǲҲСʱôǸʱܱѩޣܸԼаȫǲֻҪǸ˵ֻҪһ£ͿԴǵԸ
ǻԥô
ˣ뵽ôܻȥ
Եģ˻ôԼôٿԼȴȫġƽͷСգһʵڵ뷨ôǣһ統껹ǺӵԼֻҪʱ֣ôһֱֻ֣Ӵȥˡ
ҶˣЩһһ·߷Ųźá
ʱߣŰҪࡣ
һ㲻ϣǰ˶˵ţȷʵҲ
ǵʱִ̫ˣȻһ·ʵԶߣ˽⵱صķ飬ҲԳû˽ĳʳʱһʦǹˣкóԵҲδɡǵ죬޵ء
һᵽһĽ޵¾ЩΣʦǼʶ㣬ܵһ˵νǺ¶ءο˵ʦߵϲģһλˣڣСҲΪĺܡ
λһֱⷽˣǸ֮ˣȴֲΪκһáָ˲ţĽ޵Фˡ
Ҫеʦˣ⻹򵥣ʱһЩʵ˵Ķˣ룬ҲһֱԺġ
ЦЩȴĽ޵°Իϲ



ʮ£չʦƻ

԰ΪʾǵТ˳ģÿһطضҪдһŻȥλʦ˵һ·ⰡţţдˣҲҪдŮ˵ĽǶȣ˵ĽǶȣʱǲһġ
ܺá
һЦ
˴˶ӶԷ￴а
ҪʦճǾͱҪ¹򰡡
أԵģطСԣз֮ģʵҲǲġأͰһЩţһЩ֮дʦǿˣĶһѽ
һλЦԶĳλʦ޶˵ľʹ˸硣
Ѿͷص˱֮˰ɣһºþòñ߶ˣ
ϲһֱۣͺǷԼŮͽôһӣǵ϶ϲġ
һ˳˳ǳʱ˳һСϣһԺͻȻ䱻ƿ
һȫԺУӣһ˹ԱǹԱϢ»ûֻ֪ǴµһЩϢ
š
˽ӹֻĵɨһۡǣڿĽ޵ʱһӾ
ȵȣ˳ǽӹܱصصĹԱĽ޵£
ǵģǽ֣˵ھҲͷǺүĺүȴС򣬲ò˵ͦġ
µͦģ˰һá
ҹһȱ裬ҲûôϸǰһѵءãҲᵱһʹڿ˻Ǻе㱾µġʵ϶Ǹɶ˼أȻһһǵãطһֱʵҪշĵط
˭֪أǰ˶Щӡһεãֻһ޸ǺǣȫǶ϶ĵطһǶ֣ؾͻԼġ
ʹȴüãҵǾãͬСɣе㲻֪һЩ
ѵǷһɵԭ򣿰Ҿ˵ôҪ̫ˡʥӴƫƫºˣǱ˷ǵټǵĴ£ǲ
ܰɣ
ƺܽţİԴһѹɤ
ˣʥӴˣǸһ𣿡
ǺǡʹЦ˶ãܶ˭ˡҲǹŹֵˣȻͨģ֪ĸаķӣǽҲܵʥӣҲеµġֻǡЩĿһ㡣
һᵽʥӣʹƺ꣬Ǻ˸һ
Ҫ˵ɣ缸һѡʱ˵һ䣬ôʹΪڵȵġͻȻðʥӣǡ
˶Σǣȴһɼɻĺܵӡ
գ̯̾֡ˣҾɣ۸úõȡ֮ѽ׵ˡĹԱǵšУʥӶһλĹԱ˵ѰĹԱķˣǸƯ˵ġھҲһ˶ʥӵĵԣҳ϶Ǹɫεˡǿһ̫޶˵ĸˣǻҲеġʱɶ¶ˣһпɾǰˡ
ƺʥӴˣ֮̾У־ΡʹЩƺȹ˾ơҹָɱΪʥӻʥŮģƫƫָɼǸһҲȷʵмӵġǻǲҪ°ɡҾλԸ񣬲ӡûһľŵκ˿
ֹһ⻹תصһĹԱϡ
ŵǷǡǹעļطҲǷˡȻһβɹĻ½֮ŭҵˣҵöֵʯͷǵĴ£¾Ҫˡ
뵽һֱŷǸ˵˰Ȼ
ɽˮ߽һʱ䣬һһڵ¹سǣҲ֮СߵҪصĵط
طǿ죬ദ󣬾ȥ˳ǵʱˡ
ȻˣҲζҪֱ𡣺ڣ˳ǵҲֻ·̣ԵҲ̫Ȼ޳ǣڵĵط̫Զ
һԵʣһ˵Ҳû̫˸֮ء
ֻǵ¹سǹ֮ʱ֮һ˶סˡ
⣬ùסĵطô
ͨģһǽĹãסˣ
ϡһƬԶĵطмﻧоϡһЩ˼ңﻧͦͰġԶǰҲǿҶأв˻ſڰ̯ߺ⡣ſڣ̦оöкþûסˡ



ʮһ£֮

һߵʹ˸Ѿͷǰȥһ󣬺˸С
үС㣬үطȷʵүסĵطǰһλȥĹүס֮ءΪŵһ˵ȶ֢һƬҲǺþû˵ֵŵԱȥıȥˣ˵үҪҪǮ֮ġ
ҲСү͵֧һʲʹǮϵСүСһ˳ʵֻǱί֮ߡҪʲôȴǴġ
Ľ޵º֮ѧǻСȥ˾Ӫ
Ҫ֮ҪõǮҪģҪҵܰһƬط֮󣬵ԴḻҲǲܷչ׳ġǻһ뷨ԲŰСɳΪһƬطһЩ
ȣȰѷŪáкǵסģڿǵȥջˡ
֮һЦȻǰĳЩҲǼ˵ˣ̫¶
̫⣬Ľ޵Ҳ̤ʵһ㡣ɨһۣȷʵ̫һ㡣ӪҲࡣѹֻᱻ֮ءı߹ս£طذ
ţȻôɵĵطڣ˻ȼһˡˣǽȥʰɡ
ҲûؿջǸԺ
ĵطŮҲбҪһ
Ժ󣬼˵Ҳ̤ʵһЩ濴ǻһЩֻҪ΢һʵǿס˵ġ
ԺĸݣѵһɨҲǹȥ
һЩ¾ɵļҾߣǻǿء
ֺ֮ǺǵģһҲкοġ
Щ걻͵֮ţʼʱҲĳЩͷġǺһʶˣ˵Ľ߿̧Ϊ֪ܻܲŻء
ЩԿ¶ܰжʹߣûʲôν
ø䣬͸ʵ¼Ժ
Ҫһ¡ҪֲһЩҪһһЩ
СתƣӪϰˣ˾ͻ˽̸
ЩСĿκһҲ͸𣬿йɶģһЩһԡ˳ĺÿɢĺߵﶼйϡġⲻСĹСߴϢɾͱЩūȥҪʵࡣ
ĹԱЩʱ֢Ǻǣʲô֢֪طòˣǱˡطԱҲõһˣһСľǸڡ֮٣һЩ֮ĸͲǵġ
֪ļɰ
С״⣬һٵˣⲻĲ͸ôǳˣ˶żλǿðæҲҷһء
ȥһЩǿý֪İϵɩ˽⣬ǵҵ⸽ĵĵطɶģƽʱû¶ʱҲظ߶߶һ
Ů˵һСߵ¾תȥӣ˵¹سҲǻĺܣʳӻ˼ңҲֻôļҡһǰһҲȲˡ
İɣһصģİɣ˵ɵ˻ʥӣԼԵġǰĹүǵɵˡǺǣ˵Ϊʲôôţ´˼ţɶˣ޹٣оĹٶҲµء԰ɣСҪúûţֻ۱ֻۡȻʱôģô̧ߵģ֪ء
СİȻ֮ȷʵǺܸӰ
Ϊʲô˺ܶĽأⲻӦŷ֮ôС߲⣬Լ֪˳
զ¶Ҳ̫ҪǱ֮صԵʰɣöĪ֮Ķ˹һЩרŪżģһЩʲôĹģʬģŶֵܣطиʬɡһˣҲҪԶһ㣬һжһ㿴ġ
صС߰Լ˽һһ˵Ľ޵¾Ͱ˼֮˳ǣǺáǣطģ̫ð
ôµţضٵķҾ֮ġ
ѹ֣ĹԱһֱûɶƾɣҪһЩ֮лгɼȷʵҪҪһ֮İ



ʮ£Ƕúõ

ţƣҪԸһЩͷЩڱ֮شҵĵطʵҲûǻ߹ҲǸӵĸֹϵֻҪĺãġ
ֹ֮۵ĺܣһҲкΪƵġ
Ľ޵µҲΪġϾ˼Ҷܰ쵽ҲûҪడ
ͷһȫʰõжȹҪҲõһЩҲѰ죬ΪǮҲһɶݳƷ
ڶȥСһֱԶԶſǵ·װ֮ġ
βԣϽͷϵλ֮¡
ϵҲȴŴżѾͷڽɨһ
ʵ˵ɨҲ̫׵ҪɶҲûУΪӲٵĶӳԵĵõģи¹񵫷ģ˶ˡ
ؼʱȴüòˣΧ֮˵û
˰ǺüµǮûˡ˵ǲӦùһүҪǮǰĹүһӾûˣȫҵʬ嶼æʰģǲ˼˰ֵǻҺڣǱƵһĵزĻүʱ֮ءֻһ䣬̧Ժӡ
вˡһЩʹĻơ
ˣɡؿĸˣϽߣϡƽʱˣҲв֮ġһ˵ǳкˣԳճ
޷ԺӣŻóýȥھͿʼϤԵһ£˾Ҫˡ
ҵӻæأüҪһӳԶٷ»еĵȡ
õǰһæȫ˰ѷ˶˵ǣһ߳ԣһ̸¡ڵ߹¶̫࣬һǲŪһ£Ǻǡ
һǺЦ붮ڳЦһͷߣҪ۸һĹԱء
ԼһΪģѾĹٶҲһ¶үڵƢԣ˵ġ
һжϤʱҲһ˳Կͷʱˡ
ˣͷҲү˵һطϵ¶ʱ̫һ֤ˣ͵óֿ׼ݣΪǰﻤһοˡ
һγѧԼѵһЩֱʮ͸֮Ľ޵ˡȻǰһһֻʮˡȻһ˿϶δϴæ֮أһڣܱðȫҲ鷳
һ֮ǿҲҲ֮档ʵһ˵ɱǸļԶҲż
һ·һǰ濪˳͵߹ء
İɣСǸˣǶȴ绹Ҫء
Լ˻˽ⰡЩֻѰ鲻֡һ֣Ǳȴ绹Ҫġ
ֱüǰССŵĽУҲ죬ڶˡôССŵĺҽУ֪Ļڽ˭ءøĿڽзˡ
ס
ûעԵİһֱϰ˽СšͻȻҪĿڣоͦŤġ

ǳأŰɣҲˡһ쵽¶ӣ淸ɶʱܳϽӰɣֻԱʱܿٵĳ󡣶ӣһŮ˳ɳٵĴڡĺӣǸƯĴڡ
ŮôƯɰģүǸôһԶĺӣǳª˲ŽءЩԽͣЩֵСޣǰĲˡھǵʱ򣬿ЩǵŮģᶺһ
Ҳ̫СʵҲһġ
֧أȴŵϽ֡Ѿͷɩһءﶼʮˣˣء㣬仨һģԶ
ʱǹ˵Ŀ졣
Լûʱ򣬶Ůˡǣˡعͷȴ־ã˺ܶ顣ǣַ·ʲôҲһʹŹ
䣬Ů֡һηֱȻ̫ԶǣҪҲúþá
Ůһߣ˵ϽһƬҪҰСȻҲо粨ĥѣ뼴ķ粨ȣֻ£ǸҪһЩء˳ǣΪ涼ˣԲűΪȡΪ˳ǵġ˵һߣǮҲ򲻵ĵضһȥá
ǧĸǡ
ĸ۽ǵƣǶúõġ



ʮ£˳

ήڳðҲû֨
ЩϰһΣյʱ򣬻ûġզȻֿĻΪܡ
Ľ޵Ŭһ⣬ʵɢע
ˣһ뿪ǣλýںүߣȫô
йµ飬Ľ޵Ҳ˽ġһλĹ£һֱϵ¡ֻѾͷĸȻǸѾͷȴҲһֱûӦµ󰮡һĽ޵ͦģ֪ԼС£֮ܲȵ˵Ĵࡣ
ºǣʵвһ㺵ġֻһֱаҲ̫ġǣԼίˣҲԸһʵЩҶĶʩЩ껹ˡǸɵ
ǸС򸮵ѾͷΪԼʩȹһֱһĿЩĽݸ棬Լ浲УҲԸһĿѡ
ųɼҵܵԷĹذҲԽϣһҲԼһļңǰΪ˴ԼһͷӸвֱȥԸ顣
ʱһ߶ˣ»ʱһչΡ¹ԸĻ˻йδô
ЩһֱеҰЩ۲ƺҰҲǻ¶ΪǸҰĵ꣬˼ҪӪռɴµšԵģûȥűǼõġҰģֻҳϵĹ£Ҫ˲š
ĪҲвʮ˰ɣôỹΪѵöһֱϵļ䣬ǰжãţҲֻˣܲ˵ġ
һֱǲԸ׵Ĵڡһ¿ɺãıףغ򣬻δһء
Ľ޵һתע˼ŲϡĽ޵°˿Ժǵöע顣̫˼סǲСܻĸɾ͵öſˡţ飬ɾҪžء
֪ߵ˻Ҫΰߣʱѿʼд
һ·ļţҪдʦǡд£˵õĺýãܳǣȥ棬۾һ磬¸ĽɽȥʱҲд߻ʱϸϸ˵ĸɫ⡣ãһزá
ǼλʹǣҲǰ³ֱȥʱֻʣ·ˣʮǰ濪·ĻǡΪ£˲ûеĻһ𡣶Ƿֿ½ǰСһ·һЩ찵ãһЩαװɸɫͨһβű
ΪһСطع٣Ǵ̫Ļǰȥֻᡣ
˳ǣڿˡңң˳ҵƷǽûеĵط޻
طҲûôģһףǷȥչ
Ľ޵¿һΡȴǿԴûǮûҵûԴĵطôܽгǰ
Ҳ֪ĸİ˳ǣ֪ʱ򣬻Ǹõĵط
һˣ֪һļеءᣬطٵĺܣϰ˼⸽סţдֻǴһЩﻧʯͷһ£ǿӡ
ԶĵطһЩϡƶĵطЩɫһԶ˺һƬطѹûɫ
Ŀľɫֻ˾ãһС򡣵ǣطƫƫ˳ǡ
ʮ˶磬կӵĵĳС
Сţ뷨ðһ׵ĵطǰѳǽˣԺһˡٰطŪķˣ͸˵һ󹦳УطǾԲġ֮ԳĲãȱˮѡҪģôˮԴðȱˮԴʱܽũţҪ飬ж࣬ǵ°һ²С
µĶģĵط治δҪô
ƺֻһҼ򵥵ۻ̡ĶٵĿڣ׻еġ
һ˶вʮˣͻȻӿôˣһʳ̵ʳĵô
ʱ൱ĵģǮ򲻵ʳʱ˶ҪŶô졣
ƹģӵʳֻôôжģٰɡ



ʮ£״

ﰡʳ˲ֻ࣬ôˡһЩþءҪǼĻţҲû취ҪʳȥɽأôҲúüشתҲǰѶ𽻸Ȼҵʱյʳ۲ȥɲð졣
ôڴʳôʮ˳İɣҲ˵⸾ûʱյʳǻпܻӡĳҲ벻ġһʱ䣬ĬĬİѶǮˣֻϽȥ
һõϵȫһ顣һȦӻ̾Ȼûʲôˡ
ֵͦϰ￴һЦշ
ٺ٣λİɣ˳ǾһЩӪȫյĴһʳӣ֮ġҪͷ֮ģеġûɶѡأЩ̵˾ҲܽһЩ̵İɣȥʱҲЩʳҲҪǵġʵҲʱǸǽҾǻһʳٲһ¼Ŀ
֮ģûˣ
زţ˶ϲӵʱطȴû̫áĽҲԲӣʱĲһڴʳĺá
ǺǣӰãҲ÷ˡĵأеõġҪȥ⸽İռӸҲû̫áԶġΪĿʶ߻ⰡӪҲѽ˴򽻵Ȼ͵õӣǵӵԵʡͨ˼Ұ治ӣֻҪԼĶͺá
غµһ³ĵطǮҲû̫ˡ⣬Ǹʲôطء
¿λЩֻ񣬿ɥʵλǰţнг֮ģôŪģ
ŶŰǾŵĲү˴˴ܹЩɶ˰˵յģǳˣ˰ҲռڴʳĵطʳҲղŵĲүǣִ߽ӣǴĻȣһɶӪ¶ʱзԵģүҪôţд֣켸ӣˣȻ뿪ˡҲüεĹүûһΪġû취ҲǹүǲΪû취ùүΪô˵ǲǰ
زˣԽԽǳȵ׶
£һִŵӡ
Ǽأ
Ŷÿ簡㿴ǰһֵ˷ˣøֶסţ֮ˣүǻһ㡣ԵģСӪûгɵʱˡĲүʵҲò׿ţģҲǸȥǰǼСʳ棬Ժһ¶ǼĲˣǴպϵġһ˵⻹еģԵҰζżҲСײϾ춼
һϰﰡطЩɶܱض
ŶһƤӣǼרҰƤëתǻʳ֮ġһӻ̣ɶڽסһҾǰľ¥ʵԼͬʱԷҲ˳һ㡣һ㶼Ұ֮ġŮ˵ղҳԹҲϲоһҴ棬һе֣ʯͷҲ˼Ҿǲǡȫ̵ˡҲģҪҲԵġ
ŮͻȻһѹɤ֡С͸¶һϢǡ
ѽɶϢ
˸Ͻչ
Ҳһɸǣ滹иڴⰡƤأҳŰɣһһĹѸǶһſȾʳĻơ
ԭƤҲǸ¼
ӣЦŴ˸
ôƶĵط˭жʳȥ˯
Ҳʳ˯ɡ
ɬͲˣҪʳлд鲼·ҲҪġһЩɽûĺӣҰһֻҰӣͿ˯üءɽмӣ֪ˣһˣͻ˯ü޵ġһΣһء˵һôӦ˵İСѸţء



ʮ£

ȻŮ԰ԣɫ¼Զǰ˻š
˼ݾʹô찡طǲɶ¶Ϳˣ
ҲˣؾҪ뿪Сﻹһ汦ӣһһؼУǿקסϡǸֵģСе㲻¶ЩŲʣԺҶ˰
һ֣ҲǣǽСط˿ɲô߰Сֹһһ㽲İԶӴ
ת¾ؾͼۣ϶˵Сֹء
سһ·ԽԽõǰ棬ţǸ۵Ҳ֪ǰͻεģԽ׳ءҲǣܱСˣЩԵҲǹİ
ˡͷԼӿĵضٻƨɡ
ǱǰЩԽͻˡ˼ֻҪԣ볤ôİ
أȥǲԽԽ࣬Ժ˼һҽдѽ񡭡ղǸһģһЦ۾ҲƲ
ЦбģأѲɣݹҲģ˼Ҳôа˵ĺӴҪһ೤һҲУȻҪݰôҲֲġ
³ģȷʵͦݵģզͬĳԷԼԵĸһķˣ⣬Ͷء
ᣬأҲҪˡ
Сס˺޺
ôĿԶˣס죬³ǡ˼ֻһĮӣûãЩǲСġô˵ǱôǰôЦС£ﶼ֨ġⲻǾô
һ̣ΪԼӵ˶ͺο֪ôˣǰͲӦڳܵʱţԺؾˣøƯŮ̡Ǹ߰ĮӣôôĿӦء
Ľ޵µţȻھҲһΣһĴڣ˶࣬ʯͷ֮İһǿס
һæˡòװѴ̺֮ãǿ˯ˣҲ۵̱ڴ齲Ը⶯ԼĽ۳ԣĽ޵Ҳ۵ĽС첲СԺ¼ô¶Ϊô˵ҲĽݷأôô𽵹ȥء
Ժп᳤ܻסʮĵطأܲʰһЩǽǵһɳһҶм˲ܷġСضȻĿǰŲ࣬ԺŪļõġ£µľҲˡ㵱һԱҪðѵطϹáΪķˣѽҲøŰҹܺáȻԺǲԵҺܵô
ǣҷôء˵˭ܣҲֻǷҰ
ǣܵһˡ˯ɡ
񷭹ײ
ȴǼĽղŽʲô
ࡣ
Щ졣СȷʵԼĳνءǰһֱССŵĽţҶϰˡ⼤ӣԵĻǺô
ҷˣķءٺ٣԰ǵ¼ңҲӦһ·һЩ
˵꣬ɷ˵ſ
Ľ޵¡
һСұ֤汣֤
Ľ޵¡
ţֻҪһƾͺá
˵棬ǲܿġ
ȣ˵ˣһнѵĴڣʲôҪġţ㲻濴֮ģΪҪ̺򡣡

һ̺ĺǵڶôҲȵ𴲵ʱˡ
һ
Ұϵ·һ£Ͻ´ˮ̺
С½ʱһ˵ġšӣٷں󣬾ҲĶơ
£ôһֱư
ʧȻӣҾ֪ôˣġڵҶ˸ĿڽСˣȥҶӻϰһˡңҲİ
һģԼԭѾͷȴΪĵ󰲸ˡ
һС¡
Ҫ˵ɣСڷʱǰķãǸô
СҲ̫ġȻϳšеССӤˡ
Ҿãոպáʵ߳ȥܸϲġ



ʮ£һ׵ĵ

ˣͲҪҿˣ֪Լжأ˵ĺãԺ̰ԣȻĻһġΪԴӽ²Զˡ
Ĺֵܼôʾ˰ԵĸԣͲˡ
תһأˣɶܸɣ̫׽Ū¡
УҲŲء
ûУС˵Ҫʣ緹ʲôġССͣʱھͿʼĺôµʱСһ۵εˣһҽؼطһܲд֮ġ
رЩӲ
ôذ
Ǻǣ⻹ʲôҪأʱе񣬿ɾȫһˡһҴˣҲֻиǳ˼ڼ￴ءԵˣȫǸүܡ˵˵ȥԺ飬ÿء
еһܡһС棬ߣŲҪءǵȥǳѾͷһ㡣ȻֻԼһܲ£мģöۺ
һ룬ΪǵðѾͷƬӸòŶԡ
ȻʱԼ̫ˡ
ôһ˼ؾѰ˼תȥ¡
һףĽ޵Ҫȥţ
һֱûȡطĳй˵طǺҪġҲǣ¹źЩ壬б߹֮صȡȻΪ̵ԭ˿ԽԽ١ҲطͲҪʱԽƶĵط˷ԽԽؿڽϣʵҪپãٰѱ߹ذȫðɡ
һĵطĽ޵˳˼СطҪΣҪôΡУģ鰸ʷʲôüƻ
Сߡ
ȵŷСڡ
ӡ
ȥһ£һʾˣˡǰһЩ֮ģӦعҲҪع顣ԱûУǵȰǰһ
ǹӡ
СϽӦȥ¡СѾͷֺģһ˵ǸЦݶ
ȥϢܶʱ򶼻°빦
ʾôģߺţ¹ˡŵԱԻȥΡǮүǻġ
һߺ˻عˡڿĵһʱĽ޵±ʾ漴εһô
˨һŻƤŸ첲ȡϻ͡һŨۣզһȥ֪ĻɽҰܳˡ
ˣһֵˣҾһ䣬ֵĻ᲻ǮûǮʳҲС
һߵСĿһ˺û˼ϷˣǰͽֺûǼүˣôһ˾͸ծһġүǷǵһ
˳һС㣬ǺǺЦүЩأҿܻһҪǷµĹǮɶġطϼ꣬ɶӲӵȫǿյģʵڵģðѶˣǮʵڵġүģģˣǴˣһģ˲ˣˡƵطʺĵض
ʲô
ڣĽ޵ҲԼһǰˣϸ˼ҪǷµĲǮ
ŶҽСҲСطҲ˲ʮˣЩλүʱҲһܴչȭš
ϧ˰λү߶ǹ٣ȥһ̵̶ӳСôԭҲߵġȴңһεĹүǰߣʱôôġϧСĵȵһΡ
ȴûȵһιүңҲһ뿪ƫƫⱾ˸ҲҪˡҪôߣҪô¡û취ҿ⼸ȷʵǹԵĺܣҲǿίⲻΪֹҲʮѽ
ʮ꣬һ쵽ȴֻһƤǿԶһݡү㻹ȰѲǮҰɣⶼһûǮˣﺢĲСⲻ˿һĳ伢ô
䵽˿伢ˣС㾪ˡطǻΪĴǣȻ˿ԡҪ֪˿ŪĲãǼѳԵġң˻׳֮ġǶҪҲļóԲС
˵үǲ֪طƶֻҪһ£Ҫ뿪ضǺǣ˵Ǻ޲뿪ϧ޶С·ʲô̫鹦ҲСŮ·ˡԾôŰɡ



ʮ£˳Ĵ

㵽ǸøףҲˡţŹ˻м
شˣˣ棬Ŷؼȥˡһιٲ˱ɱ⼸û䣬ֻܻؼֵػԵİģһ˼еϢ˵ڸȥȥˡȥһе췹ܹܱҪģ԰ǳãɽһֻҰӵԣԵʱûˡ⸽İգܲһͷҰʱ١缸ղ˰Ǯ
ãضĿء
ֵǶлɣӦõֵĻҪֵҪģǵù֮ģҲù
ĴһһЦүԻûٵ񫣬⣬¶ҪһǺǣҲ⣬ɣ㵽ʱ󣬾ɶҲûУҲǸⰡˣҲˣȥֵǡǸ˵칤Ǯˣһܵĸһ졣
˵תȥˡһ˨ƤϵŲԭʼ˳˽һĽ޵£ֻǻŵ˸Ҿ۰ͰͳţǮأǮأȫ꣬ܵ÷һɡ
Ľ޵С㣬С㣬ѲǮóһ˵ֵĲǮǶǮȫˡ
СϽʱóǵǮطһٸͭǮһ㣬ǧٸͭǮû㡣ÿ˺ϼƾһӣү͸ǷǮүѻ˵ˣ¶˲ȡ
ͦ˷ܵġһ٨
ҵĹү⵽ҪôŪأɶҪǰģ˺Ǯ
˵ģ˳˿ȫõǼϸļĻʲôġйĿЩЩҪӪЩʲô˼ΪʲôˣҲøô
ɵˡ
һĴȣү˼˵ԺҲ̵Ӫȥ
Ľ޵µһЦǲǹϽˣȥķӦ֣ô
үΪ̡һҲĹ涨˵ġҪΪ̣Ѱޱһְأط֮ǲҵְǾ͵Ŷɡ
Ľ޵ôתĿ꣬ȥ˾֮ģһҲɴľã˵ǲһ׬ǮǣϰкõӪõ
һȥʮŵģûóֲһЩˣǼרŴоֲһġղУҲһұˣЩˣ˵һЩһأǻвһֲ֮ġ
ĶڿĽ޵£ү˼˵ǻԺһ򽻵
⼸ҲŹֵĳ
԰кβ׵𣿡
Ľ޵¹Źֿ⼸ˡ
Ϊ򽻵һ˻ֵ˵ĳԾ
ѲɣǷͷ¶ҳɷûĹ涨ɡ˽ɷ𣿡
Ľ޵üС㡣߸Ͻ㱨
үû˵ء
ŵ
үҪıˡطһֱΪҴǱų⣬ԴˣЩ˵ദҲǲ̫졣ǰһλôᱻһŭ֮¿ͷءʵǣ˲̫ദҲòϣסʱˣкöණ˽ҲǴ͸ҪģһЩô棬Ǽо鰡Сȥˣ˳Ҳ˽һЩˡ
ˣȥɽԻǣܲǶץһЩҰҰԼҰ֮ġطʵֳҲǲġҿˣֲҪǿһ㡣гɹģֳʱɱʳ۵ȥҲһɷչ顣
̫ˡ
뵽ģǲϵĿĿıϰոԣֻõһϰոԣˣ˽ס
˿ˣطҲܸԣ
ԣҲҲֻйҪôٶȻˣǾͲܻԵֻǺĻš
弸߳ź󣬶˴˶һۡ
缸ôѲɣ˳Ĵʹĵȵһǰ;ʱ򣿡
ͷҪ˵ɣҾүҪɴ¶ˡ㿴ڶɣȻͰټģǰЩˣĸ˺ü󣬲ſʼȻ󣬾ҲûȻˡһеǸʵµӡһҲֻǲſʼô˵



ʮ£үͷС

˵Ļ٣۲ݣͷҪ˵˵ǣһεĹү̤ʵ̤ʵǻ֪ءطĳĵطҪҵǺǣ˵Ѱˣ˼ڲҲһ¹۾ңֻҪǮãø缸һôˡһλүܰ˳ǸĺˣҲֵܼĸ󰡡
ĹһЦţֵ˵ǣôˣӦ͸۲ϺȣֻҪϷˣɶĸ̤ʵˣܷչǺ¶ǲܣҲֻ˵ҵֵܼҲ˳ˡ
ȴԶ
ҸоһεĹүҪġȥүĵطһ£⹬үһеˣϢҲġأһλǺҲӦ֪һġ
ᵽүĴҲࡣ
Ҫ֪үһе˼ˡСԺԺ䣬һƬΨһһס
ڵĹүסŻӣҲǲԺġ
˼ҹүǷ˲ƣ⸽һԺģǺüԺӡ͹һ㣬Ҳ㹻⼸ٶ߿һ۵ġ
ԣ⹬үǸѵǮ˻ûһƬģмʶﰡȥǶһһЩϢ
ǣȴüҪ˵ɹүͦеġܾã˻˶̫ƵҲ˴ԣ˵һЩصĽҲһЩϵԺżҲһЩƯŮ˽ȥ˰ܾãཻǳһЩáȻһ¶ˣϹȥ
⻰Ĭһ¡Ͱ֡޷ģ¶ȥɡ빬үҲֻһ¹Ľ顣˼ңһұ˭ءүˣ˵ǲӦġÿ궼һЩԵģ֮ĸǡܾðɣЦͦġˣֻǴһϢҲɱġҲǵһĹ򡣡
йϷϢҲôһЩ֪׶źð¶⣬Ҳ˳Ĵŷԭ֮һ
ҡ
үһ˵ԺԶƮƶ䣬ȴֳѪȵĳ
Ǹ欵ŮˣʱôľǡֻҪ뵽ȫΪ˷ܶ
үŵλǰ㡣
ţүЦһ
ë˵˳ǵĵضɶ
Ǻǣү˵棬ĸòĵض֪ģһЩСطҲֹĸòҲ˳ǣ˵гأһĵضˡ
ţ˵ĶԣضǸ˵ĵطòôҪģʱҪϢ˵ʹǶˡ
˼λүֻëë˵Ǹɶ˼Ӵôһë֮أһѧ˵˿Ǿ쵱ĲӼ˰ǸҲǸ˶Ҳ֪ж
ëȻүСһЩĺãضȻǲë֮أҲ̫үǸҶطҪԣү˭
үͷ֡ë֪ҪԣҪʱʱҡ
ëϽͷǫ״үҲֻʵ㡣ý֪㻵Ĵ£ǵʱɾͲһ˵顣ǣй˵ѽ
棬Ĺү΢ݡǸʲôˣ˭ס£ҲЩ
ˣ֪ǽලҵģɡ
⻰үתӭȥ
ȩ̈ͷһֻǵ۾ŹĵıӰҡͷүϲ޵ĸˡǣЩǲФİ飬ô͸˵ء
Ӵⲻôʲô㴵ˡүһʱ򣬾ͳȭҾ̶ȣĿһñһ
ЦүðɡҾ·˳㡣һ͵øϽ뿪ү㰮¶һһ˳ǵĹүһλڷִءⲻ缸˲¶׼һˡ˵үķﰡôطûɥ෴ģһҪɵӣǼٵɣ
үһ֪ҹүġ
ҹү⿴ҪΪءǰ˵ҪһǴѧе㲻šڿһλҪʵ¶ҵġֵܣҿɸ㰡ҹүǸ˲ŰھҲ쵱
Ķֱ
ģ



ʮ£Ŀ--

ô¹ѧԺط֪ɣүһ˵¶ӣԼԴӴԣֵûȥˡģôȷɣȫߵѧԺû֮һĴڰĵطȫѧҪȥҲǵطܿһǲҲǣ
ͷԣѲɣҼҹģҪˡһѧԺǵǸɶ˲żеĵط
ȻôţʱҲǱĵطˡǻϢͨҲ֪ŵΡ
Ǻǣֵܣ㻹Ƕһô¹ѧԺܿȥˣǸһѧҪȥ͵ӲǮȨƵˣҲֻ޵һٸءƺࡣǧȣһ治ɶ
ͬԵģһ˵õѧԺȻļѣǶЩȨ֮еӵܣҲŻݵ˵ʵ˵һ㣬ҲǳɼԹȥֻҪǮȨƵģҲչսȥˡǾǵĵһѧԺҲǱʶĲء
үǺһЦ
ֵܰʵҪ˵Ǽҹ˼Ҳǿȥ˲֮һҪģڼҵʱ򣬿ȫԺĵһ㶮ȫԺĵһǸɶ
ҡͷ
ҲǺ˲õĴڶѡҪ˵Ǹɶ⻹治ġ
ǺǣȫһѧԺһȡһţֻ룬Ҳ֪жˡô˵ɣ͹ѧԺĽ𰡣һǼǧӰ˵öӣ
ǧǶǮһᵽǮ붮ˡ
ĲУǣҪ˵ǮǾֱ۵ĺܡ
԰ǧһ˳ȥ̰Ҳһ׬һǧء˼һٶڣǧһһǻһءֻǽϵġһЩġһλүɣϸ˲õĺܡ֮һ仰һˣͲӦó˳ǲëءӦþھǣһֱʵ˰ȴ˳ˣ˵Ǻ¶ǻ£
ӹĵԺʱֻһо̫ˡ
һȫѧԺһĲӣôͻܵë֮أ
󰡣ãλүʵ¶ġǰʵĴţΪѺùأòӦɡ
ҲǼѡ
˸
Ǹү˵ģ
мٰϢһֱͨģ˵ǹүǾָ˵ġ˳ȷʵҪˡǺǣ缸ǿɵð¶ˡ˳ܷܲչȫһλүء
ֻŻһӵλүȴ˳ܷչ׳ԣһγȥ£ҲǸ档ˣǰԼҹүһ
˳һλү
ɲôֵǰһ˳ܱܲãȫǵıˡǰѹүԸĲ¶ˣԺ󶨻кôġ
ԻĶѣǸ¶ץܵǮ
ܣǹүĵһ죬Ͱ۸缸ĲǮˡҲ֪ģ⼸λĲǮһ֮áЩҪǸֵһȥԣһСͶˡô꣬һȨһأץЩǲǮҲԼԲǣ
һᣬ־ȷʵ±вٵԻ֯һɽ
Ǽǻ壬ļ¼ÿһÿ˵ϸϡү˵ЩãδܻдáҲҪһ¶׵
˽ǼŸһΨһһҾ¥ԼԶĵطȥ˽̶ӵͷ
һʲôĻţһƬʲôҪʲô
һЩȻҲġĻϸѯʲ֪
Ĵʹ԰Ľ޵ºСҲûš
Щ˴򽻵ĿǰҪ顣С㣬ίһѧġҳȥĸطѧһǵĵطԡٰЩ̵ˡ
ˣ
СİԳԾүҪɰ
ţˡʮֵܣʮȥȥѧϰǵԣǽһ˴һšδһֵǣܾǰæĴ
Ҫ̫ˣҪɵģֹշ
ҪںϣֻͬЩ壬ûϵԸɡԺδҪеһֻҪôɵȸԣôһ˸ŴѧϰĻбĶء



ʮ£үĽ

ҪģҪôһߵ˸ԣյһ˸ĶԽѧϰѧǿҪĺá
һ뷨Ľ޵¿ʼԴÿһ칤顣
˳ǵӴ壬СӺĸڵءþû꣬ظɵĺܣ˺ðҲֻһء
ʮСӳƵӵͷתȥ衣ĸ׿ںڵĶӣһŲƵӳˡһĴˣȥԺϱҲ˵ϡ
ӵ˵ǳȥһȥǺü겻ӰܴźӻҲǼ׵ġ
ֻǣδô죿
СӾԼɽڵأ
ûϢǮͲϡûв񣬱˵ĹŮҲԸްһȹҲв˵ء
һ뵽ڴǸȹ˶ǹȻŲ̫ôǷȫġһƨظǸġȢʱͿˡֻǣʱ񣬰ܴ꣬յʮʳôӻִɩ˵ҲǶӵ¶Ƕȥ
ʳﶼģ˼ȴǵöʮڴʳܼ޹
̾˿ڵİġأɷˣðׯȥֳһһ㣬ܱûջĺá
ӰڵذɣȢϱȢϱء
ˮڣŲûж
˺ð죬
ȥ԰ɣ˵ɽԣһ컹ܵһǮġ
УﲻҪȥˡȥԳµġҪȻҲˣֻǵڣȴֻһͷ
һᵽԣһ
˵ڴԣץ˻ͿԻǮЩǹүġǴļԻҲһвʮͭǮĽ˵ЩԻһڴʳء
˵һͿһڴʳҪ˵治ܡ
ǣ뵽Լֵܱϻ˺ѵĲǹϾܾˡ
ްֻһӡ£˵ﻹôȥģܻǮģ
Т˳ӣ⻰Щ
ҲȢǸ˵ĹϲǴĴݣĺÿҲҪģһЦʱǶԾѶرÿȢɣֻȢһŮ˻Ҫȣ̺ġʱҲ̺۰ң˵ǼرѲȢ¶Ҳࡣ
Сûʶûӡ
һЩദĺãһɶ˵
ȢǴĴݣۼôǮ˵ǸڴһҪȢݣҲòʮءʮһٴʳǼҡԲǮȥһٴʳ޾̫ᣬ֪¶
ЦһٴʳɽԣܵһͷܵƤһٴʳˡ˵һƤֻҪˣʮǲġ
һ˼ҪȥԣҲˡ
ѶģЩеûģﲻˡôôΪ𡣴ԣˡ
㡭
̫⽨ˣ˵ɽԻˡǴЩԻǣҲǴӲ¶ϤôԼֻǸŴһλȥĴԡǰĶãСģжҲԷָˡ
ֻҪѧ˵һףٵɻʵҲԵġ̲ôҲ˵ͨ
ӻһأԾͰѳͷȥһ֮󣬾ܴȥпĶйүڴ飬Ҳʱš
Թ԰ԭЩҰΪץͼмҼһŵءֻүǲҰҰôҰѱĺܰҰĺȦһȦĴ򲻹أҼһֻļǱȫë˰ֻۣ̿ǣ˼ҹү˵ˣ߼ҲɶģֻǾãˡ
λүǸмʶģ˵ʱǸˡ˼Ҿа취ҲδɡҰͼһţҲ֪ܲܳɰ˵ֻҪ˺үάء

ȱǮ˵˼Ĵ˹
ǺǣӰɱˣҰͼֶιһ𣬿϶ܰ۲һ쵽ɣҪƷֵһ̣Ŷá



ʮһ£ֵ

ȴǿ϶һȭͷǺã˼ҹүҲֱӸˡΪòġǮ
Ұ̶Ȼ֪үͼɶӼţΪ϶ǿеġ
ŶҪ˵Ҳ̫ѣȥǩһԼ顣νɣˣүǶȥûӣүʱ򻹻һĽ˵ٶٸͭǮҪģүҪŴһЩ¸ؾɶķӣҸ治ġһ׮⻹ⲻ˱ġϾ˼ҹүֻǻ˵
ǮԼֻͣҪķľСһ̣ǳ׵Ķˡ
ҰͼǶģ
ǺǣͲˣĵȥǩԼ˲ܸԶ
ãҾȥſȥ
һ̣¶ģԣҾֳɡᣬܾһӰѾͶڵ档
ׯҲֲⲻеġ
ӾҪȥʱĽ޵ҲڿĵȰҪȥͷ¶档ʵǣ˳һȥò˴ΧֻۡҪһ˵Ů˻ˣʵĴǶԹ
ȻҲЧɺöʱǾܡ
Ϊһȥͷ¶ĲǴҷ˵ɣۡǰһֱڴŵģˣȻҪһͨķһũҲҪǣȥϧԸͷ¶ȥɻָҲС
һ㣬ǿЩ˶ԼҽεεӣļȵĲ
Сţ㲻ô˽ֻȥܡˣȵԺаԺҾͿԴĳªһЩ
ᵽ˼аĽ޵Ҳ
Ҫ˵аЩôǰ˵Ҫȥݣ⵽ҵûҵ
˼аαװ֡ЩԴ֮Ľ޵¾;ķȥ
ǼһҲԽĴ졣öʱһݳһ˶ֲˡֻһֱ½ĽӴԼˣأ˼ҵˣҲˡ
ǽӴˣȻôŸܵԶСаطֻ»ء
һЦһط̫õʵȻҲǿֻûˡ
˼аԻЩԸ뿪һҪԭĳʳԽĺóԡ
һĴ޲֮£գͰаαװ˵θˡ
ֻҪһӲķʳǼһȫܾȱһɶ
ͼ򵥵ٳȥƧ֮أȥ˼һᵱǾ֮ġ
Ľ޵´ȤţҲֻġʵҲһ·Χ۲̫׵бҪһЩ򵥵Ļ󣬻ǿеġҪ⻹׵ġǰ˼аҲн̵ǣôŪϣҲð졣ٳȥʱͰԼϵһЩӣԵĶ֮ġ
һֻ۾ŻǺÿԵģҲͨĺܵĴڡ
УҪǸ⸽Ĵһֲ顣
ԵҲбҪΪֵһЩںԺⲻϲ顣ùܹż˵Ŀֻȥϲɵĸо
Ľ޵Ҳ֪뷨ȻϷԣҲ̫ҲҪ̫ţʵϢһʲôġ
һͬĳªһһгϲĵһƬƶĵأϲھĺǳ
˵˵ȥˮԴ̫ˡ
һƬأʵÿҲҪ²ˮģΪʲôǻɵôأ
üһˣнʮˣʮʱ䣬ҲꡣҪ˵ҲǷ˳ĸоƫƫػǸɵĺܡ
ͷ̧ͷգСӰ㿴ϵ̫ءЩأöסˮֻҪ̫һ;͸ɵĺܡطܾʰɡ
˼΢
ﲮ˵ǰ͵ʸĹˣǲǵؾͿֳʳ
סˮǾ͸ơ֮סˮһǵ£ˮԴ͸ȥ󣬾ʶȥǸıԣʧˮֵʱҲһЩģÿ궼ʸһҲʹǻ𽥱ã
ͷ˼һ
ţе֮ԽʣϣЩӪʩĶһЩׯڰҲҪԺһ㡣ֻһ㲻ãûɶţ򣬷ʣҰ˵˵ȥֵģȱһڣضġ



ʮ£ɢ

ҪģҪţһҲǣţҲҪԲݵİôƶĵأǲݶóأ
ɲô˵ļǣƶˣǲݶóġһƬֳҲҲԵʣţ춼Ҫ԰
ǺأܲںֳһЩˮϵĸƼ֮ģҼǵãҲãţҲգʵҲҪЩġĺЩǻķŵģɷУ
ͷһο϶ĵͷҲǿеķӡ
ţһֲݣҼǵýзݵģֲҲ״ġҲĿ졣أǰụ̃ɻǵʺƶһĵأЩ֮ģ
ﾭḻʱʶҲ㣬Щҵ׼û
סظϽ˵˳
֪ʵҪţЩҲǲŪġǿһֽɽźĶǸǸǿιţҪԲݣǿһƬһЩǣеع֮ġǵعϣҶǾеعϣţǿɳԵġҪģҲԳԵعϰȻǱ˳ΪĸζҲӡ˵ˣعֵĶˣŪɵعϸɣʱ۳ȥҲһСԡ
ˮоɵݣֿԴˡһߵĵأΪ̫ƶԶķţô˷˵ĵزֲĸооɺҲԲֵϰҪɾзء
һ㣬ջһЩҲķŵǿĿǰҪ⡣
ͷҲƵƵͷҲҪѰ졣ˣˮŪأһһģƹ鷳
ˮʹģɵĵطֲʳ
ǣ뵽Լһͼ÷糵ˮġ
أɻǵãģ÷糵ˮ
Һеӡ󣬷㲻÷糵ˮɣŪٵķ糵أ
糵ˮʵһһİˮϵȥ
Ḷ́һʵҲ츣ꡣϾ糵üġ
ţӣҾÿСȥ浣ˮҲ鷳飬ԣͰѷ糵ˮù˼ãһƬҲá
˲䣬;һҪƹ糵ˮϾʵ̫Чˡ
ƶȣƳ糵ˮҪ𲽵ĿǹģСˣҲС
һ߿϶ָ
һĿǰ£˳ǸǾү˵طҲôˣʲôϱߵҲʡ꣬Ҳ𾩳ʿĹעġ
ھ֮Ϳʼ飬ǰԼμǡ
Ҫ˵ɢҲһдĲеĶõʵһԣȴ־ÿСɢˣǺηȻƳֲһĶһ糵һҲɢдŵġ
һɢ˵һʦ淭ġʱ˻ҳҲóһ˭һҲˣǴ㿴ٻһġǿſţֲˡѰ˼ųٻʦ˳ǵش
һɢǣźöҲֻǰǶɢ˵һҼµġʵȴֺöණʵǿʵʩġףйļ¼أһ𿴡
ʵǽԵġһԲԣ޷֡νʩʣʵǸıԡкǵԲ
ԣһΣҼǵõʱһһۡ˵һɢ濴ţһ鰡Ҳ֪ɢ˭һĴڡ
ˣǾͰ˵հɣһ飬ֱǵء˷ܵĺܡץסʾͼ¼
Ƕڿʲôأ
ǡʱĽ޵´⼸Χһڿչһ
Сţأȥ׼Եġ
õүˡ
Цתȥһ׼ԵġʵиӣĻһֱ˭ˣһ
µǷ˵ģȻģ˭˭æһҲûôĹĶǡ
СţСţҸ˵ҿһ飬һ˭ʦ͸¶˵ⶫɢ˭
ص㻮ֻһʱĺ棬Ѿͷǵ¶ǿſţĽ޵Ҳˡ
¼ĶƺЧԣȷǾҪõģ
Ľ޵µ൱𾪣ⶫɢ˼¼ģôԭ˭
ģҽũһ˵ҪıͱҪıǵԡҲ˵ڵ̫ƶˡҪģǶʩʡ



ʮ£ĽƳ

ԣҲڱҪġҪıԣҲҪֳֳʱܶ
Ҳ˵ˣֳĶֳɱʵģɸƵģԼ޹֮ġСţȫ԰ʵĻһһ¡ģҪ֤ͱҪʳһڶʣʳôдоˡ
һʳؼоҾͼලˣϽֳΪ˷ϣΪԣҪж
ʵ˵òٵúҲԵǷʩãֻúҲпҶĵطСȥ
תʼ½С£ӽͺͳһоԵģע⣬ҪоһǮ㣬ھõʳʳĲϣȥ򡣲ϵǮȫǳˡ
ڣһƬЩԭ϶еġֻҰġһֻҲУԵϣд֤ʳá
оԵģϲġЦСѶˣȤСֲأ
ˣĹܲ˵ݲΪڶԺ󣬳Եĸˡȥǳĸ졣ôʹĥԼԺ󲻼ˣҵˡ
־򣬻Զء
ţҼ£ȷʵ־ΰˡ
Ҳ㰡Ѿͷˡ
˵꣬С۾ȥԼʹ
Ǹ˲ţʱһо԰ɡˣС˲׽Ұжˣںòҵ˼ĸĵضͲҰˡ
Ի⼸ץסĶЩСģһҲðһͷܱɱƤˡɹһӣǾͿ档Ұ˵ҵֻҪʱŪҪץҲͿ쵱һӦҲˡ
ţþУҪ鶫ɢ˵дǲģ棬ֻ˵ɢǸǻ۵Ĵڡ
á
Ľ޵½ӹ飬ͷʼ
һ죬˴ݣķ֣Щ֪ʶҲ˵ǣĶȴҪ̽ס
һ飬Ҷ˳ǵĸ죬Ҳ͸ˡʱ䣬ҶҪ췭ظ
һ飬Ľ޵ĵҰҲ
ҶվСŵ󣬿˳Ǵձɷ
ӵżڻĽ޵ȫ㡣
߹֮һھһرĻ
ĽݼҵүˣǰͽϢȥ߹زμӶӵĻ飬ڷ˵¡ص¶үǸˣҹǰ߹ءһ·ϣүǲѯĽЩҲ·ϣ֪ԼǸڱ߹ؾȻΪ
ŶͷҺ죬ĸӵĺܡӳˣǸѾͷ飬ʯͷˡ
үҲ֪ӵ˭չҶ˵ô⺢ӴˣȻǶǰˡһֱԵˣǸ˼ѽǰϹ롣
ԸϹ˰ɡؿĲ̸̫ˡ
ү䣬ȴԼǾĴǣһǷĺܡ
˵ˣǶĺܡ
ƵƵ˾ƵĶӣؿİԳƵһ̤ʵˡ
ת붴У˼һɫϲ·ںöԴȡһؿĽϽĳʳһվǶ

İԾͳ԰ɣ֪˵ģ˴죬Ǳֱûʳɡ
󷽵ĹؿʵǺġȻò˵ѹͲǸѾͷȡǣǴ󽫾Ů
ǳѾͷò֮⣬ɶء
ôһ˼Խǰ˳ۡ
ǡҾͲˡ
˼ﻹڵءһŵ̬Ȳ¾ͷĵĳ
˼ﰡҴһˣԺݸɵչ˰С⣬⵱Ҫ˵һҲСкβԵģɵöൣһЩ
֪ء
˼ݺݵͷʵݸͦõģûдӵָ֮ܵҵѵÿ佱˵ģ˵Ǽõء
⻰ؿ൱ϲ
˴󽫾ʶԶӵǰ;а
ݸ㽫˵ۣҲ컯ء
ﰡ˹ǫˣݸĺǰʱǶʳĹ£Ǳö˶ֵġ㲻ŵĻȥһ£һ˵ġٺ١



ʮ£׼͸¶˽

˵Լսķ컣˼ͼͨ졣ڳʳȻѣˮ֮罦ŻЩµġ
ԼݸСǽܵĹѵ
ʱЩǷ棬ȴһֱ޿޵Ĵڡ
ǰϱѣǶ³
ǳһ𣬶ܵˣ
뵽ؿľãԺǵõһϱġųףǶò˵̡
ϱһؿľ뿪
֣˵˿Ը㶨ŵİɣٺٺڿȷʵǲء
ˣ˼һ߾Ų档
üЩοԼС㡣
С㰡ҿղŷڳԷʱ򣬻ü̫ϲʳɡԺС㻹СһЩɣҲǸֹˡǼһ滹ǱȽϿصġ
˼ﰡһܰںĻӦø𣿺Ǻǣ㰡̫һ㡣
СأǲӸˡС˾̫һ㡣
Ϸ˰ԼĿľҪලδһЩ·ڿԼĽ̵ֻС㳰Цġ
㰡Ǵںլ̫ˣƵľˣ̫ˣҲ˵ˡ
˼˵ţִ
ǼȺóԡһˣоҲͦۺġ
һĨ˼Ҫȥ
ҵС㰡»أ㲻ܳȥ
Ǳ˼Ⱑ
ƿӣͱˣҺһŮӲһһֱڶġݸ϶ᱻƣҵȥΪһ¾ƣҪסˣǳ˼һĸ˲һĴڡҾңһҡ
ֲЩͨŮˣҴںԺֵطΪսˣҪغڷߣһƴҵĴڡʵҡ
ų˼ȥӼֱšǽһʱҲһӰ
ӪĽƻλǺžơֻӶݵǰűӣɡ
ȡ
һߴһӢ˵ŮˣĽƺǺһЦ
˼㻹ǻݰɣʺ㡣
УǶ㣬ҾæΧˡ
ӴӴ⻹ûͬأĶվݷһˣ˵˼ﰡҲ̫ƫˡ
иǴȤ
ȴˬһЦҲƫԼˣѲɻҪƫһˣǶɶģôҼҷߣĲͬİɣ
⻰ֱӸɴĺܡ
ԶĳϽ΢Ρүȵκģз۾Զĳ˼ǡһôܵҼݸȥˡϽݸ׵ӣôôñŮء
Ͻĸˡ
׼ң˼
˼ģ׼Ұģ˰Ůߡұ֤ۼݸ϶ǺɵˡˡѣǸҼݸ׻йŮߡһĴ죬ǡҪҼҶϱķͷء
ȣˣ׼үȥˡ
չŮĳ֮գ½үôڰ¾ǰǿаȥ½Ůһ߶ƣҲҡͷ
˼⺢ӰȻôǴǣȴˣԼչһŮ˰ΪŮˣǵŮ˵ӣȻˣ˻֪ô뷨ء
Ǹӣ½Ǻġ
ŮʵǼۣҲޡĽȷʵǲǴˣ֪δжڡڰΪԼŮһҲ
ֻˣȴŮЩġ
£ôԵ鰡
ŮȻԲЩŮ˲ǷҪղǵһôмŮԼҹˬԸءһ룬½;ûԼˣ̫һ㡣
һҹĽƻǺȶˡ˼Ҳ΢Щࡣ
ô࣬ߵ˿ԼФҪõĴڡţҲһֱ˷ֱܵС
ݸ磬ǵĶҹ㲻˯ġ˼˵ˣһҹҪһҸá
Ľϣϳ˵·
ֱ˰ǹˣЩ㶡ǰô˵ģҪô
ѽӲʹ
ˣǣԼ뷨ֱִаɡ
ôһ룬˼ﾶֱͷȥ

У˼ƺһ
ٺ٣ԭҲϲҰţеʹ࣬Ҳˣݸ磬ԺǷˡɲܶԲңȻҶɱġ



ʮ£һ

һҹ˼ﻹûԲʵĽѵûзӦ൱ơ
Ϊ»ҹ˵ԭʣֱʮ󣬳˼ﻹǱĽƸֽˣЩ˼
ӿģϽһϸѯʡ
ѽͲҪˡҲҪ˵ġ
󵨣һ̳˼ﻹǾݡʵǷ޼飬ʱ˵̫ˡ
ҵС㰡⵽ô¶ǹˣŰˣ
ӼС
ССģү˵ͷ⡣иãǸˡ
ңҲ˵
˼ŤЩ³ƿӣ㻹ȥ˯ɣ¹Һ͹ӵˡ
㡭ˣūȥʹӰɡ¶ҪһԲĴ𰸲ŶԡȻ¾˽ɾͲ̫ˡ
˼ﰵϽסӣ֧Ű˵˳
ţʵҲҲԸ˵ʵǣ̫ˡǣǡҺ͹ӳз֮¶
⣿
ʵҲ΢ġ
Сûн̺û˻еʡ̺˲ûзЩ顣һ˵һ㣬˻ûʵԵͬ
ţ£ȷʵЩ˲˵ӵǺ˼ȥʰɡ
⣿ðɣˣ¹ӻã̫ＱˣһﲻǺã
ūƴġ
ӶǾȥĽơ
¹Сһӣܷβܡ
תȥ˻ѵĽơ
ȵкӱϽǰ
Ӽӡ
ĽƵɨһһλ֪ǳ˼ߵˣͷ˼飿
ūлҪʹӡ
Ľ΢۾һ˫ӡ̧֣ʾߵȥ
ȵ˶ߺӲ̧ͷŶԷѹӣūֻ֪ΪεΪֹС㻹Ǵ֮
ĽƿɬһЦŤŴ⡣
£治˵ġЩʱҲʾ˼ЩҿܲС
⣿
ӾСһλʱͲУѹֵΪֹһֱŮɫЩƯĸ˾֮ģҲûһۡţңǱ˲Сһ룬ӵĸӵĺܣС㣬ѲɾһŸûõˣ
˼뿪޻˵
ĽƺԸ˵뿪
ԭվ˺һҡͷ̾ȥҳ˼
С㡭
һֹһͬԼӣ˼ֱ³
ţǹӣ
С㣬ɵãū˵ӵ֮ǰһС㡣ǹһӶ˵С㣬㻹Ըô
˼۾һӵɴ󣬲ſӣݸ硭˵
ʹͷС㣬ȱôֻ㣬һӶܣô죿Ҫô
ҡ
˼ҡͷ
ҵĺܡһӲ˵Ҳζţһӣ¾ֻһǹһĴڡˡԼغһ
һ̣˼ܵޱȵĿֻţһֱԼ޷ǣһ뵽Ǹ˵ıӰįı飬ּǿ
ţҿԵģʵŮ˵ҲǼʹôܣͲܰɣǺǣˣԺҸ˱һ󡣡
ӾСݵһץס˼֡С㣬ɵðһ̺һǲмˣ㣬ҸʵֻҪڻڻ飬֮һҲǿԵġο࣬һֱҪһأ
ţ˵ˣϲģǸмΣһһҪˣǰ˵ԺٱһӾˡ
ӽִС㣬ݺᣬҿС㰡ҡô˽
˼ܸĸ˵ǶҲ˵ȥ֪Եͳͳ֪Ȼ¶ݸ綨ǸõϢɼסˣ֪黹еĸ֪㡭ҵӣҲĹġ
С㣬Ϊһмˡ
ܵص˺ԼС۵ڵС㣬Լ˵Ļ
˼俴ǰӡˣģҲġȻжչ鲻һӡ԰ţҲҪ˵ֻҪԹԵģҵķԸ£㲻飬ϲᷢġ
ʹĵͷգӲͷƤͷС㣬£ҴӦˡ



ʮ£Ķ̫

Ӧˣ˼Ż͡ţҲ֪ҵġղҵĻЩݣҲӦ֪Ҽ޸ˣ˵ɢɢء㲻ҪҵӣðݸҲӡȻôĶߣġ
ӴͷңȴǿԴŻգū֪ˡ£ϲеĸ֪ϷˣҲ֪ġ
Щ飬СԼľֻҪھͺáһ룬Ҳ;£Ī˰ɡҲжӣС㲻ԼȰô۵ʲôءһ˼ӾЩ뷨ġһ˼ģԺ˻ؼŪȥͺá
ת˼§ĽưԼľıһս֡˼ʵ㲻ôΪģңǰͰʾ㣬ҲܸҸ
飬һֱĵʹ
ݸ磬Ը㣬Լ飬޸ɡԺҲٲҪЩ֮¶ˡģңһغġ
ĽƵĺݺݳ鴤һˣȴ˵˵һ׮ܴ衣
ת޵ŮˣﴽЦˣ֣٬Ů˵·Ū
˼ʵһҪǷĶõ㡣ֻҪԸ⣬һĿԵõֵܿÿʱ򡣡
˼ɴ۾ֱԼ
±ϣȫǺ廹ڲţʱ͸ŲɵƵ
ݸ磬ȻҲҵõµĿ֡
ĴһȣţԣúϢţȥȥ
˵´
˼ڷˮϴ֡
ֻǣһȥǺð졣
ĽƵС˻ԼҹһֱϴֵӣһֱͷûҿӡҹĽ񱣬ȴΪάһ׮ľٶڹ˵һѿɡ
ӣɻҪ

Ŵ˼üǣСϻŨŨҸ
ղһ˲䣬̫ˡԭںһ֣ҲֵҪС
ţŮ˳˯
Ժ⣬һȴһͷڵϡСŵҪǰȵԲĴ۾Ҳͣ
ӡǣǰ飿ʵǸѾͷɡ
Ľ죬û˺þãŹʳһ䡣
˵ˡ
С˲֪ôشֻʧӣôˣûҪһֱ
ѾͷʲôðĹӵڶֻһ̰ԵѾͷôϰ
һԵôûء
ǲͳͳҵĹǣҵѪ
Ľʹı۾
Щ꣬ҲΪԼԵǸǿġ
Ȼʵ֤뿪Ľݸٿݵʱڣȷʵǹĺѡ
ÿҹ˾ʱȴԽĻͻȻʱգһСǼΣ§ڻﱧЩǰֻǾãֻһ۵ĸоǷֿٻζȴ֣ǲֵصӡ
ҹںڣ꣬Ϊʲôô¡ңҲ֪һѾͷ̳ˡһ鲻ķ⣬Ӧʳ˵ġ
ԽʱԶҲԽʧ䣬ա
ʱ䵹أٷŹ
ǲ˵ǰɣ˵Լȥȥ
ħƵҪȥС˻ˡ
һס
ӣĪȥˣˣں;ŹӳײʱˡЩʱ򣬻˵ǲԲǺ棬˵˺õ罺ϥġƣǺҲҪˡֵ㸶˼ˣһƬĵĸҵһƽԭŮˣ㣬ͲҪٹˡ
ôǿء
ǺǣƽϣҪصסһӣŽвƽϡ㲻Զᶮ
ĽԶĿգһӣӵȨǣȴִĶ
һֻȥô
ݺ߬ȭͷһڸԼ
һӣʧʵĵġ
һ죬ȨգҪ˭ŮˣҲܣ˭ĸףֻҪҲҵġ
Զ˳ǵͻȻӶ
ļ
Ľ޵±ѣһ§ڣڣĪ¡
СţСţҪſң£¡
һ뵽еĳŵȫ䡣
ǸźɫߵˣΪʲôԼٽ



ʮ£

£СءҸ㽲¡
§Ϊ¡ֱһϹĺܡ
ҲܿһΪԼĺܸأһӾͿˡʧܣʧܰ
ҡͷԵģһСģִˣһС˼ҶĳԼǸµĸءҪ˵ʵǶɢˡģĶ£˺öࡣкö飬Ǽ¼ϸĺܡһֱ֣ɢ˻˭ܾ˵ʦɣ֡Ƿ˲Ű
ʦо﷽е죬ԵģҲˡ
еĶɢ˵ļ¼ˣӦҲǸԹ˵˲ǡ
ˣȥΪ򶼵óԴˡŶɢˣ˵ģǿǱ˰
Ľ޵Щζһλʱ̫ˣ죬ȫһλɢˡûλˡ
С۶۵ˡ
ǣǰһġ˯գǲˡ
Ҫ˯ǣȴչһЦݵϲ
ҾãǻӦöһЩء˵磬ʲôʱҪá
ûкӣֻ֪浽ܡüλ뿴վſҲУϰһصЦӭ䲻ĸһûˣ߲ϰߵġ
ӰԵְɡ
ʵҲӡǰԼҲǸĵһغ컨ˡ
һк
һ˲䣬ЩǣԼҵ䷨Ҫܵͷġ
ҲգȷʵҪԵֵġΪҲڿһЩźãȻ⺢Ӵء
˵꣬ɷ˵ֱѹ
һͣЪֵصºˮ˽һϽ˳ȥ
¶󣬶С֮໥̺ŵġһǵѾͷҲּ¡
Ͼô̺ˣоҲεġ£ҲǼĴڡΪѾͷǣǻǾ÷̹ƨ˺Ϊġ
ڴϲԸ⶯һһ˽ζİԼʰɾˡһŵ齷ȥĽ޵¸޵ӡһǡ
Խ½ء
죬ԽԽ̬˺ô
ôȥģСţ뿴ӢôʱĹдʲôдĳ˱ĳ
ˣȻҺ뵽µңǲ̫ˣΪԼɺã
˵Żֲʵֻ︹˵ˣĵԣһԼģ
Ľ޵£ޣҲÿǶ˭ƽʱΪĺԿģ㣬Կɶܵôܣһɶ̣ȡֵʱ͵ֺǣȻȻ
ƤˣܻҳһٸԼƤԭĽ޵ԽԽⷽ淢չΪһ˵ơ
Ľ޵£лл޿佱Ϊã˾͵õŵ£ãƤԵĹ룬һҹң
˯
Ľ޵£ã§˯
񣺹

ʵϣǺæģԴӺ˴ߣѧ˵Ľ޵µʱæĳԷڼ
Ҳæм֣Ľ޵ҲչԸͣͰѻҲְ˼ֻΪ˷ȡ
˳ǵһУȻæµҲɵĽš
Ұм֣Ҳڸ½ϽʱҰмҼӽƷ֣ҲŽһҲǴǸɢ˵ѧġ
ӽʣҲǷһ˵ϸ룬־һ׵ƷֵĻһɶɲŽô
ʳҪѹʳ۳ȥñ˼ס˳ǣǾͱҪζ¹򡣲Ҫζζ˳˻ԡ
ΪһȻԸҲÿ춼档
һļ˿˶ʮ죬ڳζǲȷʵҪһЩܱľáʯʯҲҪܡҪģǵ÷档ҤĹӣǵ
װʳֻܷڹ档еľǷֽСͱȽ϶ʳʹ棬ǻֽ;㲻Ҳ֡մֻѡ߹ޡȡҲȡ˴߹˿
Ľ޵µ˼ҪȡһߵһģЩµơ˼뷨ʵǣּ˿ר۸˵ġвǮĸһּ˿Ĵˡ
ֻ̻Զ飬̫ʯŵһ֡ˣ˼ҽеֿڣҲͲ̫ˡȡһһĿȻžԵ֣˳ڣ׼סá
˭˭˵ȨԵʣһȻͨ
ˣҲǱЩҪɷ֡ҷ˵ģױʣ;ˣ˳ǻö࿪ե͵ȻեĹͶùӦءöϣô̵ǵĶö඼ͦģǾͶķ˲ٵǮء
Щ˸Сط̫ˡ
ҪԵĵģǿԼ
Ҫĵϣ
Լȥɽ֮⣬һЩҵģҲֻܴӸԶĳȻ΢ǿŷ񣬲չǲ̫ġϾһˣҲǰʮҡ
үֵڽԼ̶ӣԺҪӶҲˡһƬûе֮ģȻ̶ȫġüطҪٷչԱСԱûУķŶ
һ뵽ĶҲ͸ˡþһһƬľȴãһ۾Ŀ



ʮ£ܿ

أ˵Ҫط˹עõЩʲôأ
رʵסü˼һ£Žش
̫٣ô
ţҪչʲôΪѵġȥʱܷչأõģһĿ˺䶯ĲС
Ҫ˵䶯ģõĪ˵вرǲرҲֻһЩҪƵˡҲתһ£᳤õľסҪеģһЩҪþסˡ˴Ŀ˿ĵͷԵҲ벻µĻˡ
սյµĺԽԽ١˿ڳĵطҲͳĵؽ硣ĵط˰𣬻ҵȵȣһĳ׷չĶࡣ
ģתĽ޵¿ʼôܿ£˿顣
Ҫ£˿ڣõİ취һЩūݡĽ޵ζ˵
Ҳ
Щ¡Щ飬ǲġ
һ˵˶Ҷ̤ʵ뷨һˣֻҪǻ첻ȥǻԭصġһ˲һڲбǰܻǰ;һƬҰ뷨˵˳ͻȻūҲϻᱻطȻأô
۾ٿˡһĿЦݡţڣͶ˻ǲࡣǾˣ˾ͻˡūҪ֪жūĿˣʱͻ½ūͶһƬҲԽڣ˿ڶᷱȻڼ䣬ҪĻҪϽٲʢȻ˼ȻͶһ֮أʧô
ǣҪٵķչ׳󾭼ãҪġ
СţǿԵġǵĵһδҵĵطҲ֤ǵĵطǷͬģܶϽġ
Ľ޵ǰŮˣְǡһٹ
ǣҲҸء
б˴ϧˣҪ
˳ǵһæҵʱСҲŸ̵Ķ飬
һ͵Ľ޵£ӣ
ǳӣһߵС߶ſ죬ΪԼҽԼ䣬ĵضҪô˵
ôлҪ˵
һӵĻˣһ𣬱㱧Թ
ӣЩʱֻ˵˳ǵķãҿķõĵطҲôɣ˵˳ǵĹȣʵڲ˼ҳŷߵѾͷպϣԵģûжˮġ˵˳ǵʳãҡһҾûУʹӣʳ
Ҫˣ۾ܣȻ֮ҴĵطǾԲԸġУҵøϽдȥ£ҲҪôһƵطʺһӷչġӣһȥĵطչԺҲ÷ûʱǰͶǰǴ˵ڶأٺ١
Цͼ˵Ľ޵¡ȴǳһɨһͦļƣӦ
һλӣǰ˽ģһӦĲãɾֻ͡ҪֱͦһҪ˵ķڷʱ
⣬һƵطôҲ
Сүȥһطԣʲô˼Ƿ羰ʲôУóԵ˳ǣĹ˳ǡ
Ʋ죬ʾǿҵĲүķԸһ˻ǵ÷ӵġ£ҲǻģˡݻǶء
С߿ˣ˰˰һĻ϶ࡣ
ǳʳʳ涼С
һЩǸϡһЩ˽ֺ󣬱׼ŵŸڵԺ棬ǶͿƧһ˳ӻꡣҲǼֶ֮࿪һҡȻǹԼãô˵Ҳһ
һ·ߵ˳ǵĺ棬Ľ޵ָԶؽ硣
㿴ʲô
ԶƲ죬ЩߺߡһܿɶأܿģҲһЩͺͺɽЩɺԵĺӵԼϡһƬһƬ԰ۿȥһеıԵҵĸܾңңԵģɶҲûˡ
ţ㿴Ļ֮أҿģȴ˼ңУĳڣһСĴܡ
ЦˡҵĹӰԭ˳ȷʵжĵض㻹ǱˡҿĹӣҪ˵㻹ǸϽȥھǸһطҲðˣСٶǲˣŹͣ·ҲгϢ



ʮ£в

ҵʱоԴ𣿡
⡭ӣʱȷʵûеġҲ뵽˵Ĵҵʼ
滰ǻҾƾһҰģߵһġкңײ˱ӣ裬ҶҪ˳Ծ͵һ΢ūţֻһ㹤ǮҲùô䳰ЦĺáǣҲģҰģһᣬֹʼƴЩƴˣľߣҲôȷ
˵꣬ͻȻ佩ˡ
Ϊ˵ģɲҰôղŹչʾ룬ͬģҲҰİȴĹƻ֪ò˵һе㶯ġӦˣİ
ӣ֪ɳһ˵ĳɼǣһ˳ǣôһë֮أǣûҪУ⸽˵вٵ壬Щ֮䣬һСľͻᶯɱ֮ġ֮񣬲̫ѱĵؽ磬һûбҪڴ˴ϣʱָ϶Ǵ˯ûʶ˵Ļźָ˵ġ
ľϹôҰΪɵ˴㲻ãǾֱ˵ô
ţǣҪ֤Լһ㡣֤ȥԣ˵˼ô߰ɣҴȥʳʳһҲ˳ǵģҾǶġ
Ǻǡ
˵˶ҼôУҷôᣬǲˡ
ԶŸһӣ˳ǵʳҲĵض
ƿưܵţĿ㿴һһɱá
СͲ󣬿ҲʮӣСľǷһͻᵹһòҲͨܿĴڡ
ӡ
֪˵ʲôˡ
ҹڵ۾ϹôΪʲô˵Ĺ˶һ̣ǿһɣԼҹĸˡ
컶Ĳء
ǰ
Ľ޵Ǹ˴кСʱ̧ͷһЦò˵˳ĲôЦݣŻǲġ
ֻЦݣͿԵˣ
ơ
СʱĽ޵µкһˡ
ȣǸưء˵˳ˣ
ţСѾ⸽һŮСʱͲڼƾԼ濪ѻĵأ˼ûˡÿ첻ľԭǲ˵ģСȴæȻǾԭҪǮģСﲻҪֻҪǸһЩʣµķ˾СÿһʱҵĻΪ˵һЩˣ˴ȥҲ·ʱ򣬿ؤһ·ˣʩǡȷʵǲҲһЩô顣ǣȴŬĻţȾߵˡЦݣྻҲϾѵô
̾һĵȷʵġֻǣһ޷⣬ΪʲôͷҪأطǷˣҲǿԵġǴôĵضһط
͸һСһƵضɶ÷չأͲˣһĶôġ
㿴ģֻһĵطҿЩϡȺǿáһСѾھʱҲЦšԼֹۣϣݸߵˡ
һЩ˺ӣȻджġǵľòȴĽġ춼ǿģġ
˵䣬Ľ޵°һЩõļ˿бӸ֮ĵݵǰ
޷ɣζǴСġǺǣȴ縺һ˵ĳԷ⡣ǺǣȴӮǿĻšһȺˣΪʲôҪأһĸ٣ֻҪһˣҲӦ÷еҵ޴ƴģǲŽҵûˣҸ˵ʮҪﻹÿղҹӲ˵󻰵ˣǿҵľġԸȥ淢չҲϾ˸־£ٴͷʼһοϾһ֤Լʵˡ
Ĭˡ
Ȼ㲻ҲνµԸôҲһġţǰʱ仹˵һȺ棬ҲвٿŰ˵ҪΪǰһķǶʱֻѡͺá
ķζҪըˡ
ЦſԼҹӡ˵ĲУӲءǺǡ



ʮ£ΰ

ЦĽ޵޶ãֻǵȻһƬʳ
ٳҷЩ·ġоЩһһ޵ĺ˵ܲ
ӹݺݽšųţҲòϣζȷʵǲġ
ţ֮Ҳ˳ʳǿ֮жĻһҳȥʱ򣬾óȥһбʣǿɵ÷Ĺóȥ󸯻ˣ˷ء
ʱĳʳܶ඼ͷԡ죬һͲˡʵǱֵʱ򲻳Ϊ˽һ⣬ºһ
ڷǱμǵʱⷢдʯҿԷʴ˵ͶûһЩҲԷֹ仵ȻУζһҪ㹻ġ̫ˣҲͳ嵭ζĿڸСζֵô䣬Ҳµĥ˺þõ䷽
Ƽ򵥵һ˿ȴķͼ޾ľ
£Ĵˣ
Ե棬̲ס˵䡣
㲻˵ҪȥôôҪҪĽ޵²̨
ԣͦεġ
ȣµӣֲǲ֪һ˵ġҲ֪ôˣֻһ𳤴ôôôҪءΪ˷ˣҲԲܲˣܷ档
㰡
һصȥ
һƬѾͷΧ
ĳС㣬Ҳﲨ
ĴһС˵ϡò˵Ǻҫ鰡ƫƫС¶ǲԼ
˵ҲĲˣΪλϲ£ҷأΪƯô߶꣬ҪҵһƯˣӦǲѵİɣ

룬Ҳɻĺܡ
ʵӣҲ̫סЩܣ»ҪģҪƯǵˣСɣҾǾã¶ÿҲãĶáҪģһЦݣͿֺǺð졣ϲָоôƯĹҪһӵ뷨УһŲĶĸоҲֵĺܰЩŶԺһ㣬Ҿ;ǰ;һƬˡ
˵Լİ֮·ʾԼ̫ŰˡǣЦݣȴ֤棬ںµġ
ʵǶһˣһ׼һһӶ׼ˡҲһȻĺܡڵȴġӦ֪Ƿֲġһͽ飬˵־ͷֵ˵ġܣֻЩͷֿˡ
ţԣڱ˵Ҳ¶ôߣҪҲǸ¶Ųء
ĺܡ
Ľ޵ҲֻǵЦ
ҲֻΪˣԼ룬ԼҰģҪѡƽһھǾˡǣսгɾ͡
У˵Ķԡˣ˭Ҽ¶ҲأԾ͸һɡ
⻰Ľ޵ԤϵССЩȻԽԽѱˡǣ֮壬Ҳֵһݡ黳ǳһġ
ʵطҲҪ㳤פš㻹Ǹǰһģżһ¡ҪȻֻܶһ㣬ҪһЩųȥ˵˳ã˺ãʳãҪģؿ١ūˣҲл֮ĹϡһЩʱҿǸ˵ģҲͬˣط⣬кöԼҪĵһūúϲ˻⡣
Цˣҡͷһ깫ӡ
Ҳò˵ԽԽˡ˵㡭ūȻΪūţҲϣһļҡлԺһĻţжٵūܵҪ֪Ǵūţһֱĺϸġݵλ׼֮ģҲϸĺܡںˣһƳūҲӵĻƶȣԺƽһȥϿ˵ôһֳ
ֻҪūţ󶼻ܵġչ飬һֱȥһǺܿµ顣
Ļݡ
Ҳζţһ˿ͨһĻšĺͼһ
ֻȴҲҸٵŻݡ˵ûǮûȨûˣôأûһ׵ĸУôһԸôָģҲһЩӴģҰĵģıѹȵĴˡ
Ľ޵ҲΣҲƾˡ



ʮһ£ܿĵط

ӣͲԺһūǲùܽôҪ֪ܻȥһУٵūˣҪôǵӼģҪôеҰĵˡˣ治췴ô
ҲзʱһȺū˭֪ʲôأ
ΪʲôҪ£
Ľ޵·ʡЦԶĲãɽ
֪ʲôط𣿡
Щĵطɻʡ
ûĵطǸط壬ǧٹֵҲŲͬеڣеߣеһЩصת֮Ĵ˵¼Щ壬Ҳ˵ǶһЩԺҰɱĴڡ
ǣΪһ仰Ϳ԰εˡǲǴıֻԼ峤֮ġʿһˣһϡȴҪǴ򽻵ǳҪԺУѱ̻ˣǴһף
˵һ׵ʱĽ޵µȻȻˡ
һ˲䣬üеķ绪˿⣬ʵĹӰɡ
ҶˣҰĵūˣټϲѱ裬ڣõĶ֡׵ĺǸõġӣ֪˼ˣһһһЩפ㶼ģҲģ֮أɷٲʢĵط
ˣпΪҲвΪʱ򣬻ǵΪźá˷ʱǮİĵطһҵһΪһĵطһĳУĳɾ͸Уõġ
һ̣˶ᶨ
ߵʱСӻչĸɫƤëҲ˸ҰɹȻЩһһ޵ļ˿ӶҲߡȻ̫֪࣬ôȥǡ
ϣһʱǵĻࡣôһչЩϲϰһʳӣַݣţͲֲ֮ӣֻϣܱɡϣطǻġе˿ڣʮҵ̡ҪʮҵҲûУҪôϣ
뿪ʱЩıԹСֻǺٺֱ֡ҷİɣҼҹӺͷȫͶ룬طֻԽԽõġ
磬һٶһЩ߰Ӱ˺ľЩˡ
ĹЦˡһ
СӣҪɡ۹ⲻҳѾͷͲ󣬵ΰ̶ȣԽӿء
Զ߳һ̣ݺݵһС㣬Ťܡ
̫ˣԺҲҪС۳Եġ
ӿŲԶͷҰͣ˲Ķ˿ããһˡ
ӣֻҪ˳һ㣬ԺһͷĸͿԻˡԸһ˳Ļϰɡһ뵽ٷһůЦӾ;öޡ
ٷ̬ôãǹүȻƻ࣬ΪҲõӡȥʱԼҪúøɣԺǰ;ġ
ţҪúøɡЩӽ¶һǰ;
ӣͱЩˣ⺢ħأȥ
Զϻһĳĺܡ
Դͷ⾫ȫͶ뵽ͷ档
ԵõģסģһһĺáʱΪ˴һЩݣ⺢ӸǷɽԽܺԶȥݡ˵үҪһЩ죬ţҲԳԵġҲһЩֻϣʱܷչѸ٣Ҳôѡôţ뵽ӵ¡
ܵõʱǮˣȢȡõĽĹȻûġֻǣһ˵ܾĺ¶䵽Լϵġ
뷨Ƿȥɡ
һ뵽ӰҹҲտͷʹˡôСȴô࣬˵˵ȥ⵱ûء
һ¹ȥһȷ˵
Ӱȷʵء㿴طԵЩһˡ
ũ˿ûл̶ǿǸط顢ͷ
ֻҪطѰʱһˣҲ˵ǻ˵ġ
ģĳɹˣֻϣЩ̶ùүͷ˶ɡ˵ˣĲǮֳȨʱǼңΪᣬΪںӱ߶ӡ㣬ķ֮Ҳι㡣ʱ򣬾Ϳ԰Ѻ֮ȫʱٷŵǾֳɵķϡ˵ֳǼǰ;İ



ʮ£Ķ

˵ôϲﲻġȻΪѸô̲סѡ
ǶӰүû˵Щ۸˭˳ǵˣҲֻôһЩءĿǰ֪ģö˶ûǮǷҲԲϵġǼģס۸˭
һ˵ۣӸˡ
˼ҹٷ˾ʳء˵ˣѼ֮ģ۵һȥ
ֻҪвǾաۣ˼̶ӡҲпˣ̶ӵĹģ治СǰЩ֮ģǿ˺ҡ˼ҵĶ飬żǴԴ˵ǹģӪģǳŴ̵һһͲǰЩ̿Աȵϵġ
˵ôãҲЩˡ
ӰҲһҪ㡣ǰܹһЩ˵ƭһЩֻϣһԹү򸾲ǰյЦġЩװȻĿǰûлǮҲķѾء㣬ҶᵽȦǰˡʱҪֳܵõϱǮһӡҲ֪ˡ
˵žĨᡣ˵ˣһϣҲ±żһ⣬ǾǼõˡ
ǰӵ뷨ϱǮѣܹϡ󼫲δĴڡ
ģǰĿѶȥˣҪᣬүǷˣҪ˳ǸãһҪץסٷ˵Ķԣ˶УֻǿץסƳһ˭ȳԣ˭ȵõֵĸߺһǵһˡ
ӵǿҵҰģĶӣġǣҲòϣԭڲ֪УǸǺºڰҸֽвȥ̵޶ǳˣǿԣһĴڡ
һ¹ȥĸĶԽԽԲʱܿСڹȥӶҰչҲ͸ϸˡס񶼰ᵽǰͷҰȦһһͷҰԲĵļһιҰԻǲġ
չү˵˵֮ԻҰ֣Ϊǵá
ҰԣҲǼõġΪüõ棬Ұõĺװֳ
ү˵˵ö࣬ӵˣͻȥǶѯһ˳ҲǼƯĹǡ˵Ǹʳ棬кüƯĹλٷߵѾͷ˴ۡöΣӶФţȢλСôƯϱһ֪İɡ֪Լ䲻ôСŮ㡣ģżȥһۡĿˣ泩
ͣĲ̫Фδϱǣȴϲ
һʱҪˣһӵһЩҰ³ȥСǳһʡйүԼ˵ĹٷˣҲһЩ
˵Ҫɽտһÿ·óϡ
ЦţЩɽˡ
Ųµʱ䣬ٽ˳ǣ֣ⷢˣˡ
ǰֻϡһЩڽֵ߶Ȼڣ˲˵ǵҲˡ
ӣСӸ硣
ԶһС޼ʳưСĵܵܣǸƤСӣСͼӻǺϲġѱĹö
Ϲأ
ˣҽҪʱءҲӦĹǮţҲйǮɣǰѸĳʳӵĸˣҼڼ˶гԵء
ЩʱһҶǳ϶ϡģһϡҲûضҡɵãڷԵĶˣв
ǰҲġɾٷ˵Ҳ˵ˣԺõġ
ȫ춼ʱȫ˾ͲԴˡֻǣһ컹жã
Ӹ磬ɶʱ̶½˵ˣֻǵֳ̣ĸˣǵӲܱءھǵˡкöӵ˼ңֳĶˣҽͿԶɻˡ
СһߴŲϵ˵ţѪڡ
ԭ¹СǵءҵҵȷʵǺҪġ
ֹݣһߵСһȴˣӸû˺öˣҲ˺ö
һᣬӸϽ̧ͷȷʵǶ˲ķӣ˺üҵ̡
ǰҵӻ꣬ڻ½ȥǰǼȥչء



ʮ£˳΢

С˵զ¶ҳź°һЩأѲɣǵ˳ڲ˰ȥǰˣ
ӼȤʼСǻϲĽ˵Ӹҿɸ㣬һƬİÿûɸɣڳתšˣҾǰ˽˵ĴǵǰһЩ硣ǰæѷӽͳǵĻ֮ġţȻе˾ͻһ͵ǮгԵ֮
ԭСһôζܰԣΪ⵱˹ء
Щȫˣ
ӺЩ˵ػˡ
ʵһ˵Ļ̫Ķֻзһ㶮
ǣСǰ˽ҲᡣԾΪԲ浣˵Աְɡ
ŰȫأʱһЩʱһ㡣ôҲһ˽ġǽǹүһֵܻȥæ̧ʯͷӣٹ滮԰ȥֳǼóĶеĻģʹȥʯҵˣͿʼҲдأǰһǴȴߵĵ̣ҲүˡһҲӦˣ𣬻һЩҲ˵ǳҴġһģһ˵ʱרɱ֮ġү˵󣬾ͰڳмӣǼڿʼ⡣ģǹүա
һǱ֯ģרŴ¸ֱ֯Ļơ˵ǸЩݵ裬֯ӻͦÿġҾġ룬ǰʱһ̶ӵ˾һӾͰı֯ˡһӶ濳֯Ĳݻû¶ǶӰĳ֮ġ
С˵Щ䣬Ҳ˷
һҰѹӸԺǾȥЩ̿У
ǶϤҵĺˣȥˣйĶһöӵһ컹Цеĸһӡ㰡û뵽Ǽһ˼棬ӹõһӡǼҵţҵ࣬ʱܣҲϤһƬˡ
ĽСⲻõĹ򣬶иСֵء
ٺ٣ҪֵܣҸġСЦ׵ģ˻ȭͷСһԴȣЦЦġӸôΪҵֵܻء㰡ԶҸ硣
Сӣ͹ͺġ
ŶˣһĸŮСġ⽰˵óԡһ·̼ˣҪżҵĳ⣬ҪŷĸŮءſˣȵǼҲǮʱҲҪȥһԡ
ôóԵģ޷Ǹʲôġǣǿ϶ǸóԵĶ
˵䣬˻澭ĸŮסŵ⽵ꡣ
Ȼ̲󣬵ǿһ߰ŷŵЩɫ⽣Ӿãⶫž͹ֺÿģһؼⶫܳԡ
ԺǾͿԵųˣӸ磬һߣ֯ꡣЩӣг룬µĺܰɣ˵ǵױжõģֿˡҪ֯һɶһͿԸ
棬һѲݵԱߣһӻǶͷ֯šӽҲֻЦŵͷ
Ӻ涢һЩȻ뵱صӱе㲻һЩòݱ֯ĶСɣҲÿ
Ӹ磬ЩǳˣҲ˺Щȥء⻹ɵģ֯һӳԡٺ١
ã¶˶õĶݱĶȷʵǸöʱǾÿǺġ
Ǽ򣬿ź׺İɣ˼⵶ӴһͱȥѪವľ˳лͳȶûˡһˮһ̣Թ԰ëŵǸİҿŶ˷ܡ
СһżĹ򣬾Ȼ˲١ٵӾãСֵԺ϶һ˲š
תһӾͻȥһֳֵܣ˵Լ⣬Ҳ˽пܷ£ԼҪӦԵȵȡ
ȵ뿪ļֳѯʵ㣬ӾãԼǰ;ֹһЩֻΪһο˺öİˣֻƼģһЩ֯ˣԼɱɱļһЩ˵ĵ˳δչĺ



ʮ£

صӰѽļϸĸ˵ˡ
ĵˣ治󰡣˳һֱǮ˼ңͰᵽԶһĳȥˡ˵һʲôһ³ǵģǸöˣҲкö̡˳ǵĲ˼ңǰǮˣȫᵽǱ߶ȥˡˣû̫ĳ·ǵ˵ĴڡţҲ仧¶°
ô÷Ҳ˵
֪һ㣬չȥĻԽԽˡ
ˣˣвʮ˵Ⱥ˳ǰôˣҴˣһСˣΪһȨƵĹԱû취֮£Ǿͼˡ˵Ҫ·ҲסЩˡˣ˵һ˻ԵģҲ˻һЩ鱦֮ġΪǰһ鱦ļ塣ΪԸ⵱ǸȨ֮˵ūţһӳġ
һ˷˵ŽһȺˡ
˷ܵʱ򣬾ǿһȺӿ˳ǡȻһζǻæһЩЩֵҲһ㡣ɣбͷţҲÿš
С˷ܵ˵ģȤŶС
һߵסˣ㻹˵ˣһ棬кüСĿǿһ·̫࣬ԿɫԲһЩֻҪٵһʱ䣬ǻļõġа˵һ˵󣬺ҪһͷˡȻ֮ԻںɱҪǺһ̶ӡһԺ˵ںһԱǾǺǰ̶ӵ˴ˣ֪ôġ
˳ڵȷʵսѽҸҪģһ˵ĵҲ˲Ƹ˸ֲһֹաˣˣûһЩ鱦ԼµȵȡгһˣÿǱǵһЩΪѧͽչһѧͽǣͻ˳δ·ʦˡ
е󣬲ĵҪģҪ˲š
ӿĸɫūϲձǣЩвٶǸ泣Ĺ֡ǳģȴǼϡĴڡ
磬Щ쾫ƷڵĹ
Ҳ磬һЩմĴڡ˳ʲôȱ٣ϡʱ򡣵еΪˣǻᣬҲǿ顣
С㣬һ˵϶Ὺ̵ġҿвٵľḻˣ̫෴ģǻܿã˵ǻĶࡣҪģǿүôᣬôһҵԶͷ
ᵽ£Ҳ϶ĵͷ԰С㲻֪үֻҪȥ˽Ӵ֮ģϰǿɻϲԸˡ
ÿүȥĵطвٵˡңүҲ̵Ǻöණֲ֪ʶҤھ򰡣ֲȵȣү˵ĸоᣬһ㲻֪һθүͷȥö˽ң˵Ǽүǲǰ¶ͨ˵ҼҷҲ˲ţǶޡ
СѾͷ쵽ĺܡ
ûֹĺô
ʵǣڵ˳ûĶ
ҲֻǷţ˿컹ִ˲ƣָšڻûںڰе˵ǣʵָ·һġ
ǺþûԵˣһ򵥵ĳʳؼҡߦȣ֮ɡ
Դ˳ǺҲûһγԵġŴһһļ١
˸С㣬ʲôӣүɣ
Ҳָͷ㡣۵ؽгүôأүôҲܼ˰
СѾͷҪٰ죬ϽȰ
˳Ҳµʱ䣬ܴʼǧһʮˣӵڵǧˣһࡣүæµҲƼ֮һģǼ򵥵ĺá׼Щаӽ֮ľСԵģ׼
ҪΪ׼ɵ÷һЩӰҪ˵һʵĽ޵ҲϡǣҪ͸ɶЩ졣
뵽СŶԼĲ࣬ϾͷſһأԼ͸ˡһ룬ûɵľĸоʵǣúΪ顣Ƿ֮䣬͵Ȥô
뵽ΪԼϣҪСһһ



ʮ£Ǽҵĸо

ЩɴٸĽһػãҿǣλҪͰ
ˣһõģ֧ǣôҲðЩɴŪð
һȺɴĸ鿴ǰĹүôܣǴĹٴˣǰҪӴҲ밡ڣūݳȴһλ׺үһ𣬲ҽĽ̵һô޸ġ
ö฾˹Ƕã͸һġһλֵЩգиת롣
ү͹ٷ˵ĸǼõģǼһĪҪȥƻǵ˹үʱò˺ã
ǰ¶ĪҪȥ˼롣ǰЩү檵ĶǣǸ¶أȴûмʵڵġһλү͹ٷ˵ĸ˵ĺãٷҲЩͨ˼ң˭ȥƻǣǾǺ˳ǵǹȥˡ
λߵͨ죬ֻһģ˵ؼȥԼҹġ
һУĽ޵ǲġ
ÿĸطߵʱ򣬾۵һҲһôǾƺԽԽáϾôæµԵΪļõġ
ǿȵҲǰӮԽǿ
ӣҲ֪һ¼ɶóԵġ
СĻĽ޵ЩЦĳһۣС㰡ҾԽǶأ
Сһͣɫɬ
ǸǸԵģҰЦأ쿇Сͻ˭ǷծһºãཱུģСɻˡ
һС£СĻ͸Ķࡣ
Ľ޵ºЦİָͷСҲжʮһ˰ɣ֪ģ㶼ء
С߻ڵʱС͸Ľ޵ˡֻǻֻģżŻڸ¶һ¡СҪȥˣŰСߣһСˡ
ǰӣӹĻء
ˡз㣿
С㲻ĺܣ֡Ҽֻĸ׺ͽڼҡͳкˣһ˳̫ڴæ˳Ҳúһܰõĺáûĸ׽ȵһٽ˳ǡ
С㰡ҵ˼˵ûĻ֮ģ
һСеˡСɬŤ·ү¶ҡʹġЩʱҳʱҲңңŵ㡣
ţƺеСˡСڡҲʮɡСɱС˺Щء㲻ɶţ۲ţ
Сˡ
үô˵ūŵġ
Ľ޵ãһԶһǽΪԼģСǸΪ˻ģĽ޵ƽʱҲߣһҲһЩܼ顣
һЩˣȥĵطȥԵȥˡö廹ûҲóȻľշ˼ҡģȰѾ÷ʱһЩ֮ء
С㰡˵ҵǾãСº˸䰡ûСµŸϲ죬ᶺŮЦôС¸Сһʱ򣬿ǼĵءҪģվһ𣬳ҲȽ˳ۡ
ʵС˳ĲʱЩظѡ
Ľ޵¾ǹ˼ҿء
һȤСˡ
ү˵Ŀģ
ŲϻҪˣԶĳ﷭˸۸ү˵ɶ˵ɶϸ룬СȷʵǲİȢϱƺҲ治ĺ顣һ룬Ե˼
С㣬ʶУѳﵱп۲۱ǲǱǵģĽ޵¹һЦ
ҪҪôɣֻһ˵׷Сôǵÿ˼ϲϲУҪҪ˴һϲⰡүҿɸ˵ˣҪ׷󣬲Ϲ
ԼһЦ˴֣ԼҵǿɾԼʯͷҽˡСͳĵͷү֪ģŲƽء
һСŤߡǰôչ˭֪ȻФԼϱߣˣԺɲ֮ˡ
ҲСĳţС̫Ƕˣƽʱ˹ϵôУΪһѾͷ˵˾ͷߣԺҲˡ
ɹòλĳλˣĹĵӣֻúЦĺܡ
⼸˴һܣ᲻Һءеΰ
үˡ
һƿţŨŨİζнζϮ˶Цˡ⣬Ǽҵĸо



ʮ£ң

үϳ԰ӣС㣬Ƕзء
»ϲӭһߣЦĽ޵¡ഥڽӹݵǰĽʱĽ޵»֡
Ϸ޵ģëͷСһĵϷСѾͷ棬ûôˡ
ϽȺһ¶ǣٳ԰ӣн֮ġǵҲЩӣһﶼæµĺܣҲûԵġ
˵ţغǾͰѳʳһĽ޵¸ǰŻȻ
ѽҵء
ǰĹʱһ˾һ𣬶࿪İ
ǰүգⲻ֪ģʮء
ʮšʵ˵ͶС
ںö˿˼ңкˡ
ǰ˵һֱҪӡȷʵǿҪˡһĽ޵µҪӵ뷨
ΪǵҵĽ޵¸л
һ߶ЦŴȤǷЩӣһȫǷģҲǡүǾȥ԰ȥˣ࣬Ƕء
˵꣬һקһ߶ɵɵվŵ¡ʱ򣬵Ȼ͵ðѵطڳ
֪Ѿͷ˼࣬ҲֻǵһЦ
ʱ򣬻һҲáСҲš
ǰ޶ĿСӣĽ޵ְ˱ιҳԡ
ˣҪι
˺ɵЦţԸⱻ̺Ű
ҡͷѽһˣιһιһιģһԱĽ޵ЩĿ
㡭Ҳû׼ɣ
˹ҪģסЩա
ٺ٣ûУҪҪﰡҪɺã
§СɵĶ䡣
öʱûһˣæڴϾ۵ĺģˣǼ飬Ҳ͸ӿ
⶯в֪ʲôҲǴ󵨵ĺܣһƿ΢ţȥϴҲȥ
Ľ޵ҪһȥˣһҲûɶ
ţСţ
һԽûζ
ԼȥϴȻҲˡ
Ľ޵۾Ź⡣ӣҲ֪˼ɶġ
̧°ͣţ֪أһֱһҷģһ⡣
˵̧֣꣬죬˸ǵơôɰĽ޵¿۶ֱˡ

ʱ˵ѽ
ϣȷʵкҪա
һ뵽Ľ޵൱ļ
ʵǣǷǰ
̵뷨Ľ޵ȥϴ衣
һߣٰԼϴɾ󣬴һСİһ˿ʵ·һ·ھǵʱġʱ˶ˣΪһ·
ǻҲ֪ں뷨;һ·Ժϡȷʵˡ
ʵһڷڲܴϵ·ֻ˿ȴûг·
ǻӵһЩ˿ҲǷҪôʱ˵ģҲҪйٴ̼֮ĻԵ͹ʹˡǰˣɡ
ôǴ·Լֻ˨ŵӡЩ·ҲƵϴ󴩵ġ˶ͦϲģһϴ󣬶Ǵĳ·
ڷʱںŵĽ޵,Ҫȵ˯ˣŲ̧ͷſ۾
ݺһӾײšٵӣͻҪһȴĽ޵²
ʪСߵǰ̧ͷ¸ӡ
㣬
Ľ޵۾ɴ󣬿СӳۣͻȻúøɡ
㣬Ҫˣ
ţ𲻲𡣡
СӺ˫ˮģŵˮ⣬Ľ޵̧֣Ž⿪˨ŵĳۡ
¶˲䣬۾ֱˡ
ӡ
ţϲôҪΪ
ѯʡ
Žż˵ĲԼķǡ
ʲô谡ǣȥо赸
һᣬֱӾͰ˱ôڴϲ֪ǣһҹ͸˵ȴһֱҹĺ󣬲ű˷Ź
ˬĴۣǵڶ磬˶ˡȵ𴲣˵Ľ޵ͳȥ˴ӲЩֳʱҲҡͷô˳ôãǸ㲻Ǹһء
ٿµʱȥ˳Ҳаˡ
һ죬õһ˳档
£á
кժĹӵݵǰ»ϲǰӹллӸ磬һ˵þûءôҵզˣ



ʮ£˳ǰı仯

ٺ٣أʮһֻ벻ͷôȻĹͷûˡʣµľͷܽڰǷֿˣȡһַݡ˵ֲϺ󣬳Ŀ죬ҲԡԺҼҵҲгԵءҪ
԰үķݣȷʵǿ졣ֻҪˮԴĵطǶĸɶƵġһЩЩûֵصķũʱҲһЩУү˵ģ÷ϿЩӣˣ
УԹˣʵЩӣţҷЩصĵطţֶĿɿˡ˺ö࣬ԣǿϲˡ
ѽҲҪֳءͣ˳кöˣʼֳмѼ֮ġү˵ˣǰǵЩͷϡˡںö˶˵˳ǷãвٺóԵġˣ㿴ǲֱˣ
һʣӸϽǰĽֵĵطһ˵Ķˡ
⣬˳ôôôˣУסᣬҲ򣬲ǰô߰ˡ
ٺ٣Ͳ˰ɡÿһʱ򣬶߰ġǵ˺ڣͻү滮ʱ򣬾ͰһƬһ
ûţЩʱһֵڶô
ʱүҪŪһĳһĴڡ˶ˣֳĶ⣬У޽֮ġ˳˶ٵѽԼ򣿡
ӿȥЩʱ˳ǾϡһЩ˼ңڳҲǶ˰ɡأȻûгţȴӵ˿Ľֵ
߸ᣬвٵɫľ֮ġ
Ǽү˶˵ˣڳ˻϶ᷢչģԺ󳤵ĶˣܿȡһУһһĴڡһ밡ʱһһֵһŹӣǲǾгɾ͸а
ӿǽֵߵֻɵЦˡ
ǰ·˼һʢӹ֦ͷʢ
үҲ˵ˣԺ϶᳤ӵġԷ溦֮ģҲǴһҪġ˳Ҽң¿ҡÿһݣÿһľһש飬˳һһŵŪġһУҲȫҪڼһţ˳ǲܷչ׳ĸá
ļסЩ
˳ǵˣ˺öӡҳźöطƺûסô£
ǺǣķЩȷʵû˾סġү˵ˣм˳ǷģͿԵǼǺ󣬵õһֳɵķӡҲֻǰٻ˼ҲСԺˣмȵǼǣһЩǽ鿪֮ġǷɶģɾԼ취ˡΪϢвūˡһЩˣҲء
ˣ
ӲԼġ
Ҫ֪ǼصģԼĲ䣬Ͷˣоеס
ٺ٣ΪҲе裬ҪԼĵ̵ġҲһЩΪֲѵԭ뿪˼ġҲʮ໧ءŸְˣ޷ݵĴֻĿǰ˵ǮԷġŶӣǳҲͭǮһЩˡʳԴ̶ƵѾǰһȱʳԽˡŸһңҲԽļء
ΣǸǮʹãƵ˻Ļҡֶ棬Ҳͼ
ҪģЩˣһЩʵռ˳ǵס춼ڽ
ֵĹ滮Ľ޵¿ץгй滮˲šһĹͷһеĹ滮ΪһЩˣΪūšĴ治˵˳ǻū󣬱Ҳӵ
Ǽǵڵһʱ֪ǵ󣬱㰲סңί⽨ǵΡ˷ˣѳй滮ŪĵҲģġ
ûã
Ľ޵³о
ũǹоĵطеõӵģᱻһɣнһûµģͻܵ¹䣬۹ũӪһ۸ֶ˵ͨһЩḻ˼ҵ֪ʶռЩĵõƵĸı䡣



ʮ£ӵĳЧ

磬Ҫô滮Ҫô裬ǺҪôˮԴҪô
һеĽ裬Ľ޵º˾Ϳɰ쵽ġ
Ҫ˲ţиǻɡ
ũҵҵеķչ׳󡭡
һ꣬Ľ޵˳ǳֱæµĽŲմء˳ˣģԭеģһλϤĺܡ
Ȼ˵ĳƿصĵطˡүҲ˳붼ò˼顣
Ľ޵µҪͨ´ò˵Ϊ֧Ľ޵µҵ˱Ǯġǰطƿʮꡣ
ʮƶȣô¶أ
һ˵طĹԱֻΪطٶة֮ģϣ޳ǣ֪ȵȡ
еطٶᱻ˹Ͻš˳Ǻ£Ľ޵¾Ͱдȥҳùԭڡң͢ҪһЩһһѹե󣬵ѹж١
Ҳһֱ鷢ӵľˣԼչ鲻̫á˼ȥ԰˳Ƕλڵĳ档Ҳ˵еĹߣһС
ò˵һȨǻҲóԳĽ޵ʮƶȣģֻһƶȡ󣬳ͻỻˡڱ߹ĳ˵óϽȷʵҪͨҪôĶࡣ䣬˳ڻҪ裬Ҫշôಿ䡭
ϳֿǣ˰˳Ūɵĳƶȡ
ҲͷĽ޵²ʩչԼһ
˳ǣе˼
ı壬峤һŻһʵĴʡ
ǰǵҲפǵĵط뿴ĹԱҪ˳ë֮أ׷չɺӡҪҵǺǣҲ֪ôģ
ţļãһι˵Ǵ򷢳ȥ˼ˣȴ˳ǣΪԺ÷Ǵҵ뿴ĹԱҪһءĺˣҲ
ҲҪ߳ȥˡٲ߳ȥ˵͵òǿĸı䡣ȥÿ궳˻ԽԽࡣΪ峤ⲻԸ⿴ġܳξðһƬҲһˡ
һ֣壬Ҳȥ˳档ǺǣҲ²ĲҲǺһ뷨ͷԽԽࡣһõĳϽһƬҲǸ¶
ǰ峤ȿŰɡ
˵ŻȴڴĿԶ
һƬ̫ˡ
ĹԱÿǰǲΪϹָӡˣЩҲһʧˡ
ֻǣһ˳ǹԱƺͬ
Ǵչֳũҵ֮ġڸڴС񣬸Ƿų˳ΪһĳСҲڵĳһ˵һЩȥ͢˵ҲԱһСһĶԴλĹԱҪôһ
õϢ峤µĹ۲ţȻֻǿϷȴҲϣܳɳң˳ǵ˰ѷò֮ģĺת
˳ǵֳҲĹģԽת򣬾ζŻзϡ˷ϣҲζţõشĸı䡣ţ֮ģһתȥͿԻǮӣֵء
Ǯӱֳ֮õ죬ǺЦſŻȥ
࣬Ҳֵˡӣбͷ
˵ɶӣһƬֵĳջ󣬾ͿԳװӣгף֮ġ
ǰˮү˵ˣǴĵطģԸɺһֵȣҲֵءһһЩˮЩŪ˷糵ˮʱҲ׸ɺһЩҲҼҲȱʳء
۹үĺðŲһʱ䣬򣬻ţҲչˡȻЩڳԵĶ࣬Ҳõ˺ôвٵҶɷڵ棬ذȷʵֶء
˵޷ʲʳЩֳĴиҵ룬ֲõ¶
һȺţҲһ˵ĺ档
ҲŰˡû뵽÷Ǳ컹ͦġȻҲһɽϵҰǹүߴ˷ˣҲ֪Щǿġڣ˷ֺ󣬴Ӵ˾ժι
Щر𰮳ԣ£ҲԽıʵ
ȥʱǸݺݿ佱һ
˵ãһ˼Ҫʵһȫ棬˵һһͷء
ö˼ҿŷʵԸؼҳԡ
§§ӿڴЩϣ
뵽һɵЦˡ



ʮ£Խбͷ

Ǯһӻأǰʮӣü꿪ˣǾͿֺöණˡһֻƶũ˾˵ˣֶԺͿֳ㶹֮ĳءЩͿιҲʲô֮ġũ˾˵ЩöණͦõӴ
￴ŶⱳӣһһѵץִյǰţǼҡһһˣ
أİɣ˵ҪϺӣеġ
￴ſţˮһӾ
ҲǣһرĹүָôôãôٵĳɳݣֳʡô͵õıأ
ΪȻĵͷҪ˼ô˵һùٶҪ˳ءһ̰ڣǾ̣ü˵Ķնȷʵ˳ˣǸõģҲǸбİ󣬶һܳɹһΪȢһϱġ
뵽ĻЦˡڻҲϵԽĺãǿ˳۵ĺܡûµģͻû͵Եģæʲôġ
֪ΪԼֳгЧˡһӳţĶҲûһӸѧֳũ˾ٴ˵Ҫط֣͵ôһֳ࿪Ȼ˳ǰʮҰټҵĸԣⲻУԣǵôһһзԣĸԣ
ӰǼңԺΪүһء
ĻԷЦүôᣬҪλˣǾȥɣչһƬⲻǡ
תһЩǵһʱʢ
ҰֵҪһҪǿһЩũ˾ٻ˵ˣԺˣ԰ߣһķ㣬ź֮ģźֿĺãҲķ˺ʵʱְѷӵ棬һЩֳɵķϡ
֮ǱҪֵģׯڲܳĺáһһˣҲιˣźǷˣʳҲŷյġôһϵܲ汼
ũ˾˵Ķ԰һһģֻҪڿ죬ӣжġֻҪᣬǻǰܣҲ߯ûһЩҺôᣬûͷﲻôԣҾڼԳԳŪˣɱȴǿˡ
һ룬ӾãԼСӣô͸ɾء
ԶĲݴԴϤȥһ˫Ĵ۾
΢ЦܹȥһѱԼİĹ
ˡ
ҾǴ̣һߵʱ˳㡣˵ˣզĸб仯ˣ
Ŀ§Լˣûܾʾ
ĹСֻҪˣһ棬ʵҲ̫Ť椵ġ
仯ɴءֳһ飬רŵũ˾Ϊǽ⡣ֲһ飬Ҳרŵũ˾˽⣬ھ֮ġڳ棬Ǳ仯ˣǰ߰棬ɶģҲˡֵܸɾôġֵһߵĽ˵Ժһǿժĳ;
ĵͷɲôʱǮˣҲȥʱڹ䡣
΢һǮˣǾڳһ׷ӡ˾ȥסϼ죬ƽʱʱ򣬾͸Ļͷסõ鰡
һץ֣桭ӣ
жǮһ˲䣬ء
ȴǲΪȻţ˵Ժķӿ϶ֵģԻ˵ǣԤһ׷ڳ棬ǽ˾˵ˡǵĳסɶģܵһ㡣
˶κˣֱðŵ㣬˷ˣ
ǰų˲ƭǡ˵ˣ˲Ŷðһ꣬˳Ƕɶˡʼ˳Ǹĵطأ˳ǱһϲĵطˡֵгԼУб֯гڳȻģǺܴ󣬵˳ǿ϶Ƿչִõġֻףǳ׵ʱ򣬸һ㣬㿴ô
һ㣬ǣҵҲ͸á
ûǿĵɽһжԼȥЩ飬Ƴһ㣬ȻҪһЩĺá
ݺݵͷʲôˡʱ˵¶ɡҲһǵöֻҪǺõģҺã̫ġ
ҲЩҪŮˣֻҪǵӻãٰһ㣬ҲᷴԼһġһ룬ĴСӣƺԽԽбͷ



ٰʮ£ӿ˳

˳ūһ᲻׷ūݣƽӦеĻϢҲԽԽ㡣
ȴ˵һƬϣһﻹеһȺūղšò׵õϢԳԷˡһȺľһԷ
˴һһ߽ŸӲͷһ߿ϵ̫
Ҳ֪ʱǸͷԺǼΪūˡ
һЦ
ǰҲĺʿ֮ӵܣ˭ȴΪĴԱһĪеʹ˾ΪūԼһҲǲֵطҲΪֵˡ
ǰҵûҪҵ˼ҵū˭뵽ȴΪһ壬һˡ
߽ͷ¿ص˲ڣѹɤ˵
ֵܣһǲϢ˵˳ǰǰű߾һڴˡūݣҲΪϻء˵Ϊūɶ˼磿
ϽסʾҪ˵ȥϣ㡣
⻰߽뿪飬Ҫɵи³̡ĺ飬һֱʲôõģǸϽƬض뵽ֵ˲Űͬ뷨
ҹ˳ſضȥ˯󣬾;һ𣬰Դ˵˳
ҿɳɣһֱûҪHƴһѡȻһ˿һЩǵĺҲΪū˳ҲԳչûûҹΪ̰ۡӵ˳ǣȥΪ˳ףԺҲΪһɶ
˲䣬ֵ˶ôˡ
ֵܰҿкüأҪߣĵĿ߲
ҲǼĺܣҼҵҲǰɻһ룬żҵūţüˣΪūôҲİ
һҧûɶþģǵʳڵż٣ȥٴôŪǡ
ԣ˶࣬ƴǰ˾Ǹǰﹷġ
ֵˣͷ͸˵ԼĴ㡣
ģԭŽˣһȴǶ˵
˶࣬ȥ˳ǣֻƵҲв١ǰĻ˾סӪô࣬γǲë֮Ҳİ취ء
ǰȥ棬չΪһ·Ǳĥȥ˵һء
ӰɣΪǱݻչҪΪǼҵһЩʲôġ
ʳһ죬ȫǣһ˳ë֮ܡ
ǵĹԱڵһʱ䣬զҪץūȴ֪вٵū˵żңҵ嶼ūǰȥͶ˳طһöҲסˡ
ңżҶǴ壬һץɶһ˼˶£С壬ȥ˵˳ǣָܻƽ񼮣ʱɲūݣǣҲ顣
ģ˼Ҷ飬Ҳӹȥ˾ǺӲȥҲһˡ
ӪǿбһЩˣ˵һϢвҲʼ˾ū
һֱһϸĹ涨һͻᱻնˡ˾ˣֻܴӾūΪӵūĴڣ͵˲ĶǻҰġ
˵˳ǿԻָƽ񼮹ᣬһﻹס
Ǻͨ˳ǵĸҪγһֺȤľ档һһūǣūǣЯҴڣȫܶԱ˳ǵķӿ
Щʱǣкǣǵļλ˻̫ġʱˣ⼸λ˾ͷ鲻ˡ
ΪģֻΪǸūȻҲ˳Ǳ߶ӵġ
˳ǲǴ˵еĲë֮أʵϣ˳ҲֲӪΪ˳شӢǣԵõ˳һ׷ӡ
ɶ⹱ףܽӣģ
Եģǳģңȥ˳ûǮҲ£ֻҪмһΪ˳Ŭ죬֣һ㹻ˣͿԻӣȻҪܻܶһ׳ķӵġҲ˳֣Ǻǣ˵˳ĹĺҲ˰ҵûǮʧ˵ֵطǳϣĴڡ
ûĵطϣûǮ컻Ϊ˳ףһͻףһ׷ӣǮʳĵط˴̼ҲϣҲȥͶⲻɵô
Ǵ˰ЩϢ㱨ʱĻ˵ˡػūϢܲģ



ٰʮһ£񻰣Ҷ̺

Ľ޵£ǵūô࣬ҸūҲǧ֮һȥǻҪҪչˣ
ǴܻʱϸһҪѺͨ˳ǵĵ·Ƿūһץϸ̡ܽ˳ǿɲȥˣͨǱߵĵ·ϸƵĺܣһµĵ·ͻвǱ߶ӿȥ
סᣬܻӳʱ򡣡
һūķ籩ڶ쿪ʱӿֳһɸ߳
ǽڵǣǣбĵطӿĸɫū
Щ˳ŹؿҪĵطŲͨҪһˣʼֻǿڽϵִģѪԺӣʯͷʼͱʿʿ棬ҲһЩ˹ˮһӳȥˣҲԽĶһ˳ӿ˳ǵˣȻвǧֻ֮ǼĹ·ϣﲻū˳ӿȥ
Ľ޵¼ԽԽ˳ǣǲӿūǣŵο˵Сȴûôˡ
ôūſһЩ˳ûԶԶûһ졣ûǮü
֪ʶеô˳֮أҵһϯ֮ء
ʵڶ˵ˣ׶֮⣬ֻҪ΢һģΪı
ŲϽĸɫοĺܰ
һߣĶҲڰæкˡ
ɨǵ꼫ģĿóȥ󣬺ö˶Ӧġ
Ҫ˵ͬɨ㣬Ϊɶ˳ǵľҪʵĶ࣬ҲõĶأ
ɨ̿Щƶ
Ͳ˰ɣЩȫġǿǱֹ֯Щʮ꣬Ĳϣһطϸ񣬶Ҫȥġ⿴ŵֻһͨɨ㣬ˣȴǸľġһҲһ֣˵׵鰡
ˣ˵ģǾһٰɨ㣬һλҪ
أպãһٸ֣Ҽš
ӹֿƬǸ˳˵ӡĻѿ˳ǣûл֣㼸򲻵صĿˣҲҪԱߣǳļطһ֡˳ŵʱлû꣬ҲԶһٻȥġ
ĿǾ鷳ùˣ־ҲͦʹġֻҪóֻֿͿԲ򵽸ָĶ
˵̶ӣҲǴ˳Ǿһˡ̶ӶչʮˣĹģ̶棬ССֵһӡǣ˵ȴʮ껻Ľ
һν˳ǣﲻиߺŵĸɫȺּۻ۵˼ңߵ̾ѡ
Ӱֵܴ˳ǾǶͣһҲԸⰡ
Ҳ죬ǿɲôǴɶҲûУҲһңһͨװ֮ģ滹ǺںڵģһŶںˣ˳ɶ̶ˣ仯ʱҲһɡ
ָͷ׼ȷ˵һʱ䰡ȥϰֻһˣҲ̫ԡ°ʱᣬֵ֮Ҳˡ
Ȼǣ˿ȴӵǰʮʮֹҳţĿǰ˳ǻееĸоȻе֣˳ǵĳûƶȣǵǮƴ˳Ҳûб˰ĿѲļ渶ģ
̵ˣɱ
ЩᣬʳͶ룬һʲСĿ֧ʱ˳ǿûнģȫӿô˽û˶ŶӣôʳǮ
ĸ̵渶İɡ˭Ҳ˵
ҵĴģ˵˵ŵģǰڵһЩԵģк͵ģʽҲȫͶʵġ˭ȴû˴˲²⣬ӦҶ̶ӵˡһˣ˲ٵǮ˵ÿһغشǮʹء
Ҷ̶ӡ
֣Ȼ𾴡
Ҫ֪Ҷ̶ӣЩ̵Ķ鵱УһֱһһĴڡ
̶Ҳ߰Ĺɡ˼Ҵµ񻰣ȴ̶Ӷϲϵġļ̶ӣҲǱ̶ӣȫضˣҪģ̡ọ̈̄Ұ̺ţжţһȺˡ



ٰʮ£ļ۸

Ҷ̶ӣΪֹҲû֪ǵĻ˭һ㣬һ˾Ǿˡ
üΣв˲鵽֮ȻͶˡ飬ҲúܶȻٲ̽ȥʵǣ˭Ҳҵ鵽鵽˭ͷϡ
ݲصĲ²⣬Ҷ̺ŵˣغһЩ˽⡣мҵ̣֮ģиɫⷬĶȻû˲Ҷ̺ŵӰ֪ΪΣ˾ǾãӦҶ̺ŵˡ
Ҷ̺ŵ˾شţû˸ǣû˸ðڣ˳һطҲҶ̺ŵˣ弸ò²⣬طҶ̺ŵͶʣڵ渶
ֱһҶ̺ŵˣǿΪǻӪҲطȷʵֵͶʵĵطи飬Ǵ𣬻ǳ繺һЩ̣סլ˳ǰɡܾã˳ǵĵضᷢչ׳ġ
Ļõֵܵͬ
˳Ҳĵضҿⲻ˳ǵķۻ̫бҪ̣ԺɶĶ˵˳ҲЩƤ֮ġ
԰ڵķ۱Щʱֹ˲٣Ԥ⣬ԺĵƤЩҲ̤ʵЩ
˲һ̵ʽ𻹲棬һ̣Ժ¥ʲôġԺ˳ҲԶݵϢһ
ֵĴ㣬ܵ˳һֵҪβ̻Ժ֮ġ
λүǵ뷨ĺð˳ڷչ׳رĿ죬үҲ˵ˣ֮ģŻ֮ġŻҲֻһЩϵŻݡ۸棬Ժ䲻ˡ
ķ̻ǼۣǣѰ˼ôǣҲ̫װɡҲͺǺһЦ˵СӣϽ˵СС͵͵ĺš
ӪľЩһС˳ǵİа㶨ˡ˵СӣĴָСһƬͲ󣬵ȴܳԼ
λүҵȸ͸˳ڵ̣ҴȥɣãүҲҪ̣һȥǿˣü۸ʣǾͿˡɸǣ˳̳ɽʣԽԽ졣
ŽģͳףһԺӣҲʮһס
С弸ͻȻ̣Ǽ۸񲻻̫ˡ
ǸСֵܰһƬ̣ǶǮһң
Ŷһ߰ΪλúãϳǽֵһֱʢһƬļ۸ûǧһǳɽġ
гɶǧ
һ̣ޱȵ׷ڰ
ûзչʱΪʲôһЩ̷أ
ǧҪ֪ǧܰ˳Ǹˡƫƫһ͵ǧ
⻹ֻǴڷչ׶ΰҽõҶ̶ӵһλ͸¶˵˳ķչִţ棬϶Ƿһǧٵġ
ǧ
һ̣弸඼ҪͣˡķӦܰɣ˵ֵܲĻ޳ַĵطһҲŰ˾ǧ⣬ǧ˾ǧҲû̫ءؼֻ˳ǰطƾʲôôģ
СҲ֣һС˵ģ
λү֪˳ǰķչ׳ˡǿֻˡǣкöǱڵĶûŰɡŶٵ֮壿У˳ڵֲֳԼɫһСɳ㣬˵𣿡
˶ҡͷͷԵģɶʱֳһСɳ㣬һɶ㣿
壬ЩȤʣĪǣǰ˳ΨһһҾƼҳԹС޹һĴڣһ뵽㣬ǲĿˮӴĲӴ㣬ҵǾ˳ǵһˡҵʱҲǸ˵ˣ˵С޹㣬ʵҡ˵ģѲ㣿
˵⻰廹ͣһĻζ
⣬⼸ûųԵģЩ۲
СҲˡ
үĵûģԹ޹ǵ㡣Щʱǲôò׽㡣ǣǲò׽ȴȻйģͶιǺǣԴӳ˳Թ󣬱ר˲ʮһоôһȺ˹۲죬˽˲ǲ²ôţ



ٰʮ£ҿ

Ǿ˽ôܳɹģֳˣ
Щϲʡ
Ҫ֪һԹԺǻζţлٳһκˡϧʱƼҵ˾˵ˣٸǮûоûСǶô׽ģ֪УΪ׽˶ˣԳҲࡣҪǼʵǽҲԼء
ԺиԸϣٳԵ޹㡣ڣԴģֳԺ˳ˣжٰϾͳһζ㣬Ҳֵһˡ
ɸ߸λˣʮλũѧְҵҪôСɳɳֳؾģǾͲˣϾ˳ǵ˻óԷǡ׵ĸ߸λڵ˳ԤĻɳ㣬ǿԳԵġ۸ôǺܰġһ㣬ϰٻš
С˵ŶŪ࣬ʵǣҲԲϰǶ̫
һһٵ㰡ǹһԷóԼˡ
һĻʳǿɲСĿء
ȴǺԥ缸Ƕһߣ㣬󻹻ǵġ˳ǵһ󣬿϶Ǽۡ߰ɣСֵܸϽȥȥ
СǸˣһ·˳ֽ˳ǵ¿Ŀ
棬Ͱģǧң⻹ԸСϾǰľɳ˼ҡ֪ģֻ档Ҫ빺ǶԺֵĻҽȥ½ֵһȻҵ棬ҲԽԽʢġϾȷʵǷչ׳ļٵô
˵䣬ְ˴½ֵطҲԺ䣬濴Ҳµġ
żһ˴Ӫǣ˵һֵпյ档
СֵܣǶǮһ䣿
ط棬ҲǧСһĵöǧҡٵģҲöǧ壬⣬ֵĺܡûǮУ϶šҾͿ˳ˣôõĳүôõķ⣬ôζĺóԵ㡣㲻֪˳ֿ˺üεĵضһطȻһƬµܶ汻˿ҲһʤˡһطȻֵʯͷǴҲǶһεĵط
ҲһƬطԶһ棬ũ˾ǻⷢˣˣ̸ָŹֵʯͷй֮ġǵ̵Ĺޣũ´Ƕ޲ڡǸ壬ЩʯͷҲΪһεʤˡ
һԿգԿߵҶֳͬڵĴڡ֣˳ǿεĵطũ̴ƳβӣڳŵĵطǵʱȥȡһЩطԴԼļˣȥιһ¡
Թԣ⻹ǵǸ˳ǣ
ֻһ̫Ĳٵˡһడô˶ı仯ȻЩĿűǣҲ֤˳ǵ³ˣȷʵҪ˳󣬲Ūĳвһĵط
ˣҪģأ˲䣬;һһ㣬ҲҪ˳ǵ棬зӹطķչ̫ϲˡ
㶼Ҫӣֵôأһġ
С⼸Ļ˿˷ãֿ׬һˡ
̸׵󣬹ʹȥǼϢ
ϣ弸ֻ֪Щҵ棬һоү˵棬һλү˭ȴ֪ˡ
ת¾ӣ˿廹Щ
磬طܺôһУǮɾʹˮƯˡ
ĵĺܡ
ˣҶ̺ŵˣҲפˣǵ̿ǰһӾ氡ЩҶ̺פĵط˵ĸطľ̲ˣ
һᣬҲʹ˹ǡ
˵ǣȻ˼Ҷ̺ŵ˶£ǻ¸ɶ˳Ҳǣչȷʵ̫ˣҲ֪λүôģ֮ˡˣ£Ծͺúùһ˳ǵĵض˵˳ڵʳӹԽءһҪʳбĶȫҪȥԤءߣҲŵʱ򣬾ȥЩԤˡ
ֵܼһ̣ʳﻹҪġ˳ǵ飬öطһЩֵ̣ܴǣϲЩʵǣ·ϣϾˣûζʱ򣬳һĶоȷʵġ



ٰʮ£Զ

ԣǿɲ˶ǵ飬Ķ˿Լŵȵȡ
˵˳ǵ˿ϵУʵҲȫζһЩ΢𣬵ǡǡá
ˬڣ·Ǹоˡ
һҰķצӣԼ㣬Ƥ֮ģζζ˳˻ԡЩеСǶҪʳˡÿδؼȥСиǶϲĺܡ
˳ǵĺЩװʳǼ˵ÿεһȺ˶ٵӴһЩ
һζû̫ĻֻһЩؼȥﺢӡϣһ㣬ʱҲøҪĿҲһЩȥֻϣһ˳ǵ⣬мѼ֮ĶһЩɡ
Ķ߶ţʵ˳ǵĹͷ̫һ㣬ÿֻ޵һЩֲţȻЩƷܵȰ
˵طֻ½ǰȡЩߵʱ򣬶װļõĹͷǹͷ˿֮ġ
ǸϽ
ĶˣһᵽԵľͿˮ
Ǻֱ֣˦ǰһ㿴Ǹ̵СԲˡһԲĴ۾ĺЩ̡СﳤĺÿȻԲԲģ۾Ÿľ񡣺ģϵһ
һЦСѶĶõĺܡ
λүأлҲرĶ࣬Ҫʮɶģڳġ
ʮޣôࡣ
弸˷ˡ
ѽѽǺ¶Ҿ˵ã缸ҲôǾ͸ÿһʮޡ
䣬мЩ̫࣬˿ҲࡣڣеģóȥźóˣԺŶرһ£Ǹ˿λүƵʱưζˬɿڵĺӴ
С˵ţһĻζ˿ӣһʱǶе㷴Ӧˡ
ֱСٺһЦȣ˼ңֻһ뵽ǸζеƲסԼ
ţ¹ǸԵˡ幾ſˮøϽЩóͺһЩͻˣ·Ը֮ǰ˾ͰЩ̶ӵĵطᡣ
弸רһ̳˿ҪС۲ĶǸôζ
һĿͷڣҿĺҶżһŨζϮ
̸ܰζžӴǳҲ֪Ǹɶζ
ֵܶţɵļԺһ
ƣϽܰѾҲǸۼ¼ˣ
ߺţ˰Ѿƴ򿪣һھƣһ˿ζˬ볪衣
ѹ֣ѾͷһĻζζôôнأҪģҧһģҧһڣġ治ţЩ˳ļ깵ĵطİ
ֵԺЩֱ󣬻ڹЦšط϶ܷչĺáԺǮͶʵҾͲˣһԺ׬һ
һ˺žƶųδʱĽ޵ºҲѵ׼һС࣬˳㣬Ҳ
ӣѵʱ䣬Ϊһ档
彩Ӳе㲻ġ
үȻҪΪǲ̫̫ˡ
Ůټ֡ʵǣǲûпǰĽ޵ºദʽʱȹΣѵʱĽ޵²ûΪˣЩʱĽ޵¿ΪġȻʱеĲ̫ãҲȷʵġ
㶼үˣΪ棬ⲻðɡ
Щԥ
֪ˣһͨء
Ľ޵ȴνĺܣһ£üסԶСţҲķͱ޹ءһ磬ҵԶҲ۵ˡ
ˣҪҪһͨװغ±ʾˣô챻̼ҲҸ̸
Ľ޵İ˶ˣֻʣˡ
һվһ߶һζĿʼҨ棬档
һǵõСǶӣǻһν뿴ôӣʱ;ãԲĶÿҪģҾ㵱ʱӵӸһģôܰССĶǰģءʱҾѰ˼ԺҲһÿĽ
ҲŻ˵һǶӵĳ



ٰʮ£ϲ

ʱһڿҪҪ㱣ֹϵأôҲ벻һǣȴҵķ򡣡
ǰҪҾΪķٺ٣ÿҼĿء
ЦĵˣЦ
ʱ㲻òˣԼһ𳤴Сţȴڲ֪Ĺơ󣬸һҲֲ
˹ǽڷֻۣǺܷ涯ҲǼÿġо档һ˲䣬ִƺСڵ٣ּͥ顣
ȫһţĽ޵µҲɾʱˮҲй
ߦ棬һ׶˵ˮ۾ûգһ¡
ϣ棬һڵ͵ǰʱ˶ɵġ
ι㡣
Լ֡ҪԼִŵĺܣǵֺͶιûޣҲֻԹ졣ܽζҲĸոպãЩζСţô˵ģôζĸոպã
Ľ޵һЦǻ˵ֻҪģɶ¶ð졣
˽һˡǲʱԷԼϣ
æʱʵǻزҲֻҸũҺһԡ˳겻˵ģĻһӾͰѵƺá˵Ҳѧһʱġ
ٺ٣ζоͺáĽ޵°˿֪Ҫ˹ȥֵϣж಻ڡڣһŬֵõģźܿġ
Ҳԡһ˶ܰ
ѿǰͣĽ޵Ҳ˾һһӵġĶܹ࣬˳ԵġſţһͼҪһһء
ָоҲȷʵǺá
ʰʰ
˷󶼻һ裬ںԺϢһ
Ҳ⡣ֻǣҲ֪ˣǿʼ̫ࡣ
Ŷƣ;θһһķӿ
ۡ
ǣŻ˰죬ȴֻŻһˮ
Ľ޵Ȼ޴ģţ¿
ţ
ס
Դ˳Ǻ̫࣬йһĶûôǡȴмǵģ°½н
¸Ͻ㱨
طˣأЩʱҲʱΪ˲ңū澾û˵ţѲǻСүˣ
ϽдĽ޵Ҳ˲ˣֻȥĴ˳Ҳкü򣬲ǰֻһῴһС
һһѶĸɫ˵ȣҲвּͨܵūšȻǵҽǾһ˵ĹȥҲûСϾѳͷһЩôҲΪû⣬Աڼҡ
һľǺѶĹŴ˵ҲԵ֣˾Ȼ͸λŴһաң˶ǾͨҽġһȺĴ棬Ľ޵ҲȷһλĹŴһš
ӾǴһЩйҽ鼮ȫλСŴļֻΪ˳ǵĵһΪˣСŴҲǲһֱŬԼҽˮƽ
ƽʱѹɶ£ܵСŴ򿴲ʱ򣬸֮١Խ챻´ߴȥǴ˺ð죬Żҵȥʰ
λǳˣ˻գ
СŴ˼еĹػԼҴˣСס쿩ЦСѾͷôһЦ˫͸ˮһĲۣһʱ䣬СŴ򶼿ˣġ
ȣСŴ򰡣Ҽҡ˿ϲˣȥơԵأĪš
ŶİǺˣкˣǿǴ¶ߣϽȥơ
ȻģҲ󡣵ǣͣҲҪˡ˵ֻкӳˣҲġСŴǺϣһ̥Ļˡ
һСŴЦΪ·ݻеСԲ̫ȷɵĿܣǻˡãڶʮԺȷһ
·Сˣϲֳ̫
ô˵ĻУҲǼпܵˡ
СŴĽ޵¾ᱧ񣬡ӣԺ󡭡һСڸǰȥˣ
С
һߡ
룬ҲȷʵС
ţܣһƯСأ̳ŵСڸǰȥȽҽ᲻ãʵСҲǼõģ
ȻһᵽСѾͷĽ޵»ɫͺÿࡣ
԰һǻСӣӦǸСﰡСҾϲСӣһ뵽ȥЩҰСӣʵûøС



ٰʮ£үϲ°

˵ٿһ
Ľ޵¸ϽĿڡȻһǻᰮġ
Ǻǡ
ɲϵֻЦ
ղŵ鲻棬еֻǺܲ㺡һĽ޵¸ˣʵ̹״ӿȣʵĺвءǰɣʵǳ̫ҰСӣ;СզôķءԻǴ˽еϲСѾͷġ˵ģȵĹɿɰСڸǰŶϲءСôȻ˵ĲѾͷϡҵĽᾧ᲻
̹׻Իһ㡣һۣǵġ
ǣǵģСӻѾͷǵģһİųš
Сӣ⻹ûأͶŮ˵Ĺذ
ǳˣ㲻ðӵоȫ߰
뵽Ľ޵Ǹ
ͻȻãСޣƺҲ̫á
ʵҪģӣֻĴڡ
һСȻӵעᱻˡ
뵽Ľ޵¾ȻǿҵΣС
ӣԺڼ칫ţԺǰѷ飬ᵽڵԺ
»ҪæµŰ¶żһʱǰƣҲĴڡһ룬Ľ޵¾ãǵ÷δȻ
˳Ƿչ׳ʱôа
Ҳڼڼ칫ҾڼˣԵʱ򣬷ǵȥͻǵȥġ㻳Ҳġ
ȻҲĽ޵²ȥԭ򡣿ô࣬涼ᵣĵġ
͵ĸǱߣһǼӦ
ҲҪȥǿҪԼȥǱߣҲ֪᲻Լء
˵ҲԸһ
ʶ˵Ҳֻ֣ʾԼڼﰲ̥
һĽ޵²ôܣߵ˾Ͳˡڵѧ˼ʮĽ޵ɳȥ˴ȥ裬߻ʮҡʮˣһЩ˵ҲˡһǰֻȫбĴ鱨֮ġ
ڱĽ޵°ȥ˾ũ̸񣬵ҲܿϤ֡
ȻûԳȥҲĻֻܵҪڶڻѸصϢϸ㱨
ɽ֮Щ飬Ľ޵¼ͽЩȥ졣Ҳܳũ̻齻ĵͳҲòҴţôһֺõأֳʳ˳ǿٷð취
ϰջǴӵġ
Ȼǰв˲˽֮ģ˵ǳ˵ϣҲ͸ŴӦ
һŬũҵֲֳ֮ġ
һʱȥ˵һ˳æҵġǣοǣ˳һķչҲ˳˿ϲ¶
ͷһ꣬ΪֳЧˣũö඼ʼٷʣ˳˶æµֵأֳץ
Ľ޵ȥһЩˣҲʼũô㣬ôֲгЧ
ÿһ壬ÿһչ˵ģСҲȥ쵽棬Ľ޵ųеԱİãԼԱĿ˵ȵһС
˵ڼҪſԼ
ʵ֤Ҳһõ뷨ѡ
ҲһôΪ˳ǣÿԷܺһġǵ˷㿴Ľ޵²ؼеʱʱ򣬾ͰѷӴȥ
ȻԷҲֻǴҴææģܾһҲÿģ⡣˳׿ǣҲǳ۳ӵĴڡһ㣬˳Ǽ˶֪ġ
һų극洫һ
ôˣѷݵĽ޵ء
ȥ
ҲϽȥ档Ͳβ֣ȻһԷʵ˳˶æǳԷҲǾһԵģ˲ʲô֮ġ
һҲĳ
үˣǴϲ¶ϲ°
Ŷôϲ
Ľ޵ڸ
ǰʱһֱûθڣʱòеθˣðȥôæµԷչ
˺öˣǧ˵Ҵһ£ˣˡ
Ŷ
Ľ޵·룬Ҳ˲ϻûǡ
ȥȥ
֪һֵæµϽԸ˰һ档
һһ߶ԣضܻ챥ҵ㣬ǵһЩһ
ʱҲָھͻˡʵǣǧ˵ĶգҪæðġ
ʮܰʱؼңҪллš
ţ̫ĻĪҡ
ҿеĽ޵ֻǿŲ뿪ʵǣлҪغԼָжĪۡ



ٰʮ£ⲻ

һǧ˰ٶˣūôӴľĽ޵Ҳ˷ܵĺܡǣҲ֮˳ҲûС
ôū˵Ҳܱ߼صĵ⡣
ʱ˼ҪôԸ˳ǣ⻹治˵ΪˣڽһȺ֮Ľ޵¿ʼץʱѵһԱ
һģܿģѵҪ̵ܴӡ
أ£ʱҲҪЩŮͯ߾衣ôв˶ȻǶϣЩǲġǣ֮ô࣬ԡ˶ע⣬п˳ǵĲʿһҪ裬ҵһʱͨ籨š˳ǣַ
˵أĸҵ£һȥӵǶ
һȥ˹
˶ڳ˴򽻵ˣ˵ʹȥʱҲܸﶼλ
Ӹ磬˵СҲԾӴԺ󿴼Ե˾ͨ籨ţǰ˳ǲõ˻Ĺȥ
԰Сޣ㲻˵ԼС˿ôС۾СǵģҲСǲǣӸܰ쵽飬Ҳһܰ쵽ƽʱʱ򣬿ɵߵġе紵ݶмԵˣȰס뷨ӣһʱЩͨǡ˳ǣǴһΡ
Ӹ磬˵̫ˣСҾҪھӴԺ󿴼Եˣһʱ㱨
һС˵һȺСһֻؼȥˣһҪ֮ɧţҡ
Ǿһ㣬д˵ͷ
ȷʵǰ˳ڷչĺˣũ̸ҵ֮ĶڴҴҽš˭֪᲻вõǰǵءڿڸׯǣҲҪ߾裬ǰӰ˳ǵķòƻˡ
Ľ޵һ߾ץʱ佨еʱҲóǿʼѵս֮顣
Щ䵽ׯȥũǣҲʼڸׯİ仧
һʱ䣬˳òǾǺöׯʼҴڵˡ
Щʱ˼һǺܵĵġԷҲͨ
±Ȿص۸Ժö˶Ǿıţüʮһפĳׯ
ޱһҾġʮޱСڼʱͳȻͲ󣬵ȴ쳣ĲϡνĻȴѾ˻л˵ľġ
һ·޾ѡò׵˵һëĵطҲôţʵг˿ŶĽӴǺ󣬱㰲Ϣ˼죬ⲻдٶȥˡ
ޱк컨ĵضطɢĺ컨ʢҲ֪ǲԭͱȡΪ컨ˡ
ԶмСܳŶһǽˣߺš棬̣ˣ峤нˡǴ˰ءˣŻиͲءŶŶаඡ
ޱһĵܵܲŰ꣬ű鿴Զܵӣ̧ͷ㣬㣬ǴҪסô
ޱ·Щٿﲻ˵ĵͷţء
ЩҲ֪طôˡȷʵǺӡ
լЩϡ裬вܳһĿԼƺڴϱһޱûɵľЩš
ͲСˣǲ룬ʵҲԳˡǣĵط
ޱЩġ
ڣǺڿһ󣬾ͲôȵĶţӭǰƣ˵Ҫæ֮ġ
ޱ͵ճһֺۣö˶ƣ˵ҪǣȻһǷ֮ġ
һޱһҺ⡣
û뵽ͷһΪᱻ۸ţ˭֪˼ȴ͡Ҫæӡ
ķЩªһЩľģٶһЩʯͷġǸӵĴֵܽǰʯͷеҲǳүԺ󣬾ͰһЩըҩ֮ÿ嶼з䡣дʯͷͿը
ٰʯͷ֮á
ʵ͸˵һ㣬Ҳ֪ЩʲôڸɻУޱвĵض
ΪЩʱڼҲǸũҲܿˣҲϤһʱ򣬼ûгԵġΪµضӡǣ˶˵˽ʳʳٰղһ㻹˽˼ұˡ



ٰʮ£ر

סķģڳԵҲˡȻҲֻǿСꡣҲ˶ȹΣޱһˣҲŻ
㣬Ӹ绹˵ˣֻҪǸֳп֮ģطˣҲǿԻ챥ӵġͷһʱ򣬸Ӹ˵ǻءطˣʳŶ˺öࡣү˵ˣڴһԲ˰ԺһˣŻ˰֮ġ
ޱİԻϲ߶ܺõģҲõġ
ǰһСãʱѪ̫һֱŵġڻµضҲ֪ǲͷԵʣɫЩʱ򣬿Ǻࡣ
ţǼõء￴Ҳ㲻ԾͶǵ¶ɡ
⣬ޱߺ
ŮģӸҲ˵ˣԵҡ
⻰˵ޱˣСһճһˡ
ǿһ𣬵ǲڻǰбΪȻ㲻á
ٴθ룬ŵޱϽͷǲġ
ת˵ˡ
ٺ٣΢ڲġ˳Ľ費үҲãٻһ£ȵȳҲáҪģǼȶȵȶˣٳҲء
ţҲģ岻ãܵСǼˣǲĵġ
ޱ˵Żȴ˴ס
΢һչǼҵġ
Ӹ磬֪
һޱڴĳ
·ݵµʱĽ޵ЩѰˡ
ֹţС㣬ã˵Ķӡ̫һ㣿
Сͷʾ⻳еˣ̫ء
˵彿СĺܣһУԵöӸĴ
Ҳѹүڰ¶Ҳˣʵǣ¶ôҲ˰İ
Ѳɣǻ˫̥
СϹ²⡣
Ľ޵ȴǽŲһ٣˫̥
Ǽû˫̥Ŵ
òƣ˾˼Ҿİ
һ룬Ľ޵¾תڵȥ
Ҳɺϵĺܡ
ǵķңҲǰ̽ǡ
Ľ޵µԵʣڷҲ˺ü֮šȻǰĹְǿһαãҲһҫˡ
ķңھһӡ
һ飬ǲǰ˭Եʡ
Ľ޵û˵ǻ֪Ľ޵º;ѧá
ѧ,ڴ֮󣬸绢ңҲλ³˰һָǷľ͵ĵĴڡ
ҲΪԷҲǾǵһĴҡ
Ͻ⼸ԽУȫҵļ
֪˳ҪԱ˲ٵĴ򣬻ǸɫĹĸּܵˡе㼼Ƕũ֮˼ңһ֡
Ȼֻңʵôȴǲٵġһ棬мǴϡƷ֣һܵ˳ǰǵһӭ
Ľ޵µСϽȥ⼸λλСŴһ˹СŴλ˳˵ҲԽĺȻһǰҽҪ˳ǵİգϲһλСŴֻΪܰţңΪҲ
һȺȫ뵽˳
ڿĿզôһҲʵһ
ˣǣ
浱˵棬һֱǹĽ޵Ϊ˵ġ
ȣҿӡд󣬲ôģһ
Ŷ
ͷԼǸͻĶӡ
Ƴʳˣӻе¶ҲΣǣ۵׵࣬ĬλΪԼ
һλģ
һλڿҲ˲ٵľ飬ǸƷ棬һԼĵ¡һΪ˿Ӧľһ
ҲһĹͿꡣ
Ȼ죬λȴ˺һٽɣңڲ˵Ľ
ĨźƺţҲЩԥ
ڶλ͵ڶ̴
һλԭȫߡһ˵Ҫѡ˳ǣųǰˡҲüһλɡ
ͷƺڽű˴˵Ľ޵µĽˣҲ֪Լǻôôĳء
һλ򶼸ǰ
һ澪̣ƺһ
ǣĽ޵µĸᵽɤ۶
񣬱ǵģҲЩ侲ˡ
ǶֵСŴ
СŴĿǼƵġ
Ϊʲôǰһֲ̿ľӣ



ٰʮ£Ǻ

ȵСŴ򾪵һӾ
ġ̥
Ľ޵˵һ졣
˵˫̥Σյģڣһİ̥̥ô
Ҫһ㣬̥ճߺ֮ġ̥һ˳ģּ١
ڣһپͻĸ
ⲻϲ£෴ģǾ顣
ڵõһϢ˲䣬Ľ޵뵽ľİΣ⡣ںӣҲѿڶҪ
һͻأľŵĴȫ
Ҳһ̥ϢķӦ
ѹúӶ̫Ƶţĸԭء
һٵĸ⣿
һ˲䣬˼Ϊĸ˷ڴҲŵǡкҲ벻ٸŽͨ˲ӵ¶
һٻĸӣͦΣյġ
˵ʲôСšֱֱĽ޵¡
ۣͣʹ߬ȭͷǣΣա
̧־ʹҪ˵ȥĻ
СţĻԺҲǡǵĺǰôģôԣ
üʹļס
СŴ򼸸ǲҪϽ˳ӣѿռһԷ򸾡
ݺСŴΪ׵ϴ򡣡˵̥󣬿ȵģáİɣ
ϴüһ۽ţƺһ
飬˵ҲӦöġһ̥ĸȷʵͦΣյġãһͨգп︾˲ĸϣˣǻǵģ⼸ûճһĸӣճһģǸ첲ȣھǵʱһһ˫̥ԭǼϲ¶ǣںһ˾͡Ҳûˡ
ΪΣСŴϽѯʡ
һλҡͷӻΪΣΪӵԴӣճһġǼǴ֮ңĺŰû취֮£ֻܶ˻ѳƣ˵ʱͲزˡǶԺӱ͵һܵĵطÿǶԷȥһԶӵʱ򣬾ͻ氡
ѯʽĽ޵£ŶŲˡֻô󡣺ӻ̫ˣ˭Ҳҵ᲻ճһ𡣾ˣֲǲͳ˫ճô״
û˸󰡡
ǶǴˣŲĺӳġǲҪǡСŴǿ˳Ǳ仯ġ
Ľ޵·˳ǵĸ
ʹ˳һֻϣõܣһֱš
˻еǺ¶ȴһǺˡ
Ҳֻǲ²ѡҪģһλǵŮһλǣأҲ̤ʵһЩ
ŮСŴüһˡ
˳һô
֪һֱڽ̵Լҽλţǲǿǣ
뵽СŴסˡ
λȥһˣǲⷽĴǣǳ˾Ϳһ
ȻĿǰǿⲻ󣬵˭Ҳҵ˻ĺû⡣УǿǺһӵ鰡
ֻһ⣬ڷ˵·ҲСҲΣաҲá
õģ˳ĻŽĺӣ
˳ǵĿϵһһЩûߵס
СŴ󣬱ֱһͰﻧȥ
̣̣м¶
˺ðţŲӦ
һϻϵİŴŹǷɨһСŴ
Сӣôôϵɥ
СŴǣˣҾ㡣һ˻̥а취ĸǲǽģ磬ûճߣ磬ûĲԣ
̫̫˼ֱӹţ֪ȥҴȥ
ҪţСŴˡ
Ұɣ¹ų˵̥Ҫ˲Ը⡣⣿̥ǲģôãʱѹܳ˿Ǻã
̫̫ǲɷ˵ҹĸģߣĪ˯
ɥתСŴѹȥ
ٲȥˡ
֪ǣڻת
ȴһ˫ĸ۾
˽˻ţΪʲô
ҰʲôĺҶסҪôǡ˰ա
̵ĸԳ˵š
Ҳһ˿ʹʦ˵ֻһ⣬ɣǸˣˣһˡ



پʮ£̫˲ϲ

ΣǵٵġǵٵģһԿһ¡ߣٵģûһǺõġ
ʦˣǰɡı仯Ҷġǣ˳ûĸı䡣˲࣬ǵٵģǡбҪһæ
˵ˣǸ˶飬Ͳʹ޵ٵ𣿡
Ǻǡ
Цش齡
ʦ˵۾ϹˣҲŴˡصٵʲô顣ҲͨˣغٲٵģⴿģǸ˵Ʒ⡣ǲܣΪұٵ˺ӴԺҲŵٵûкˡ룬˳ǵĳˣΪĺ֮һʦǲæҪ˭
Լͽʹɫ̫̫̾˿
ҲգҾ͡ȥɡ
ллʦлл㡭
ʳ
ش齡
ϸ۵ѱӸǺá
οడ嶼ˣ롣ϣô˻˺ǡ
ĺͽܣ걻ǿйһҩҲãһ⡣˳ǣǲǿǰȫġ
뵽һȫǸŮ˻һΪ̫̫һ
ǣͽҪ飬òȥȻͽܵľǷŲ¡
뵽̫̫̾
֪ͲҪΪǳСӷңʹһЩҽڿɺã²Сӣҳҡ
Ȼţ̫̫ŵٳ˺ڰС
ŵĺ󣬱Ͻš
ˣϣ˭
ⴣŵĺ̫̫Щɻ
ûΪ˼һþˡ
죬һõصԺӣǲĻ
뵽ү˵ģ˽ҪҪģΪ˴ŲãͶɫԣ̬ϻǺܺġ
̫̫˭ģҺŽȥ
ͷûжԼɫ෴ģ̬һֱһȥˡ
ҷ˰ôˣ˯ء
üȻ˵˽Ҫ˺Ҳκһ˾Ϳ˵İ
ٷϻ˵Ҫ̥ǲǽҵʱޡ
̥
¶Ҳ֪ˣ˻ˣƫƫ̥Ϊ¶үķԲȥ
ӾȻΪ˵̥ҵ
룬ңһǵȥ֪ͨүһ
Ƿˣټҵôᡣ
˲ˣǣһ뵽ͽеһţһԺӡ
Ľ޵棬ѹͿ顣Ҳ񣬵һͦļĶӣͺµľôСôͿԻôء
ǣ̥Ļᣬ̫Σˡǵá뷨ӣѺ
뵽ӣĽ޵µҲʹĺܡ
ҲĺӰ
ΪֻۡǸںѡ
ִҪΣ
뵽Ľ޵¾ͷʲô鶼ȥ
ȥʱ򣬺弱
үүһλԳǿΪ˿̥ġ
Ͻ밡
Ľ޵ҲǲݲֱӾ硣
ڿ½ڵĸʱʩһ񣬡Ϸˣ˵Ϊҷ˿ˡ
۾ٹүǺˡ
ͲʣһЩ
Ǻǣܰҹǰֱ˵Ϊҷ˵̥ˣ˵ҲСŴܶġСŴûֻ˵ʱ㣬ϲԸºͨˣԸΪҼҷһơ
Сӣôĸ֪̫˸ŮһŮ˻ûдڸеİңױȵĺܱġ
̫̫Сӵĺܣžϡؼģ˻ôԼӶðһ̣̫̫ûаĽ޵µһ˵̬ȣеģһСĴϲ
Ľ޵Ҳ죬˴С͸ʦһԺܶúôദġڿ̫̫ôԼҲϽ塣
ֻһˣҼӴĺġʵСʱලųأһʲôģ
̫̫Щ⣬ӴϱͦءߣСȥ
̫̫һץĽ޵µ֣һ˲䣬Դ˿ƴĽ޵°˿СС˳ǣ벻һˡ̫̫˿ݣȴɼһеĴڡ



پʮһ£治õ

̫̫Ϊӵʱһ׹ϵĸ
ţͼܲס˯˹ȥ
˯Уֻöһֻ֣һֱĦߡ
ֺֻݣƤͷ
ǣֻĵطȴ˺Ҳܹɣ;ڶ棬ƺΪǸ˯ˡ
һ£һ¡
ֱٴʱ̫̫ѾˡĽ޵£§š
ģǵĺġ̫̫˵ĸӶǶģûճһĺùŹ֣棬Ȼóķʽ˯
ֻ֪˾ΰܺûҹ˯ţҲ˯ҿٳ˯ȥˣȻһò̫̫ҲֻǴ˳ǵһ̫̫ͨ
иˣֻǽӴĲѡֻҪǽģһжá
СţǺǲǰȫģ㻹Ҫ𣿡
ͻأʳһ仰Ľ޵һ£ǺҡͷǲϲҪǰᣬǴǣ㻹ܰȫšǻΣգҡѹǻǵġֻǣĶԲסˡ
²ĺӣܵĥ˵
ӣʵҲʹġ
ڶǸлûļʼʱͽһõѡ
ֻҪ뵽ѡľͼ
໳ϵĺӣ˵˭Ҳܲˡ
Ȼʣ۾ԼΪʲôͱĺӲһʱԼҪôش
ܵĥ޾ʹ࣬ȷʵǲûļʼʱ򣬾ͻ
ѡ񣬿˵Ըĸ̵ġ
Һңǵĺǽġ
Ľ޵µͷԣֻлˣ׵˵θСҲ֪ʱ˵Ż縺Ÿࡣѹ˼һ˵ֻӵĸˣŻԲʵ˵ǣֻе˸׵ˣŻиԲ
ӻǽǱ̫֮ܳˡԭͻĸˣˣʱʱ򣬲ἫʹġǸ㲻ãǾпܻһغ
һҪʳҲζҪԵǰ̫ˡ
ǣĸںӲ£ǰȥһ뷹棬һµֶˡ
ÿһԷҲͳһĥ
ϣĽ޵һΪʢ
ֻˡ
˿Уʵٳںǵϡ
ǣһǶҲԣĺòԡ
ûʢĽ޵¾͵ǰǣȴк۾
ǰԹģִſ񣬿Ľ޵µĺݺݳ鴤
һͻȻеףΪʲôػ֮ǰСԷ
ʵǣںĵίû취ǻᣬ̲סĸһ㣬ٶһ㡣Ȼһ뵽ǺڿܻẦǿҵθУѹҪһ񶾵ˣҪǧҪ
ǣֿĶҪӲͷƤƵǰ
ȡȰɡ
˵⻰Ľ޵¶Ҫˡ
ôãԼʢ˻ҪʹһЩء
ССڵһزǶҲûеĹѲȴȵζʳһĽ޵µĶһƬƬġ
ǰʳһθҲûˡ
գһһĺꡣ
Ľ޵¼ǴʣšüЩʹסԼСӦá˰ɡ
̧ͷڵ۾һеӡĽ޵ͣѿڶҪٳһɡǣ޴Ķӣ仰ʻȥǱվǡңȥˡ
Ŷһ㣬
һףϸΪϵϵۡķѩԽˣɵõһ㡣ˣСΪȡһůֵġ
ţ㣬ڼһ£Īš
֣¡ĸ߸ߵĶӡ̾һĲٿ뿪
ǣߵſˣ̲סĻͷ
ƺ֪ͷڿ˲䣬һЦ֣ȥɡ
ůůЦݣΪУҲûбѿǰһĿźůÿɰġ
һ˲䣬ĲԺһ㡣
ֻǣϵʱ򣬻ǻܡ
ǰʱΪҪԷԶԶγϰߡں·ݴˣҪ͸ˡ
ѹ˯ţڴշת࣬һֱȥ
ǸűӣҲ淢ĺʱĽ޵Ҳʵ̲סˡ
ңҸ㶫԰ɣһҲմֻزôܵˣ
գ۾Щؿɡ𣿡



پʮ£ݲ

־ϲĿ⣬Ľ޵ﻹݵҧԣȥ
ݺݵͷһЦβˡ
Ľ޵±ֱᡣ
ɰƯСӣΪĸСӣôͱ˵ġ
Ǽڴ򵰵ʱĽ޵»Ǿһ󼸸źáգŲҲˣԣһɡ

ʱĽ޵»һС롣
ܼһһ㡣
һ¹һߣ¹ŶҪ״
߲ƽ⣬Ҳֻһ
ѵˣĽ޵¶˵ǰ
һС룬̧ͷڵһ˿ۡǡ˰ɡ
࡭
ʵôһ̣Ľ޵³嶯§ڻԺˣ治ˣ̫ĥˡ⼸Сӣҡ
˵ȥ
Сȴס
Сţǵİ飬Ҫеġ⼸ǵĹ⣬ҪĵİǣǡҲҪ˵ϲ֮ĻҪǣҲǰһġ
ε֣һԴͷʾԼġ
Цˡ
˸ǷʵҲ֪һӣҲֻܰˡѹ벻ۣǵĺǡ
˯ǰĹĽ޵Цˡ
̰Ŀ˯գ޾㡣
ʵֻҪߣú㣬ҸôǻеҲƲۡ߳ȥô˵Ĺע
绨ĴϣĽ޵Ҳ۾
˯ǰϵЦݣ鼫á
尾ӣºĽ޵̫̫ʱų׵ĸһ䡣
ţڼӵزû̫ӣҲãֻźӳͺˡ
Ǵӣ
ûһϲѸлع̫̫侲ʡ
˳ǣ
ҲʱĽ޵²ʶһ⣬˳ǣôĵط鷢Щҩѡ
˼˵ӱҪѪ֮ıš̥˭֪켸ҹ˵е˺ü켸ҹġһ뵽ǳĽ޵¾ȫ̫£޷һĿ
̫̫ʵָ
˳ط̫ˣȻԺչ׳ĻǲġҲһУҲֻȲڷչٿص飬ܵ𣿡
ֻҪ뵽ʧȴĽ޵¾;ȫð亹
ԣ͵ȥûߣ㣿
˳Լ˳ġүĸĺӣû
񼸺˲ˡ
̫̫ǶӴȤš
˵̫̫Ҿǰһ㲻Զĵط·Ҳ͵ˡ˵ȥǶӰˣҲϣҪģߣҲ̤ʵһЩ๫һ߽òһæҲﲻϰ
شǣ
ȻǿԺͼһ
ҲܴߡСô죿
Ҽ˳ģȥ˴ǣСŲģһУҲֻĶ⡣ǣҷĲ£һ
Ǻǡ
ô̫̫Ҳ˵ʲô
ϲǣڰ˸µʱԵˡ
⺢ӣ￴·ҲûǱ߶֪ǷĲһߣԶҪ˳ˡԴ֪㻳ԺɩӾʹ׼˲ٵĶһȫӴˡ
ЩͺǻĺӣѪ裬Լ֮ʱ൱ӡ
ɩӣ磬á
εºܣ˴ɩӣм˵Ĺذ
۵籦ôչ
ɩ˻ôĶҲһ˲ٵĺñҩ֮ģ˲١ڿǹߵĺء˵˭ҲţСӣɩӵĸŴġҲǲװò׵һ˫̥ȴء⹬飬Ϳµġ
ߵʱλͻ󣬿ͦɰġԶԶһΣ뻹˰أ
졣ССĺܵʲô˺
ɲôɰĺӰŶѩģҲЦɩһ죬ʩ룬ϸιҩһЩطֻ֮ı˰׳һĴڡҲѲƤɾԺҲġ
̫࣬һµⰡ
ɲôҺ¶ûЩŮйϵأ˯һˣôű̬еñ˺޲ðǸŪˡ
ᵽ£Ҳ겻ѡ
ȥˣҲúõģҲǿྡˣǱ߶ôˣ
ĳǶҲ˳Ǻõȥֻ˿Զһˡ
أ֮ǶҲ̫ù
Ȼһᵽ֮ɫͲ̫ÿ



پʮ£óƿ

ôˣΪҵˣ
ҲΪѰǸӡһҲùܵģƫƫҪǶŪģҲ֪ʹˣôһڣﻹܵסЩ˪ڼֵڰæܹŵһУС»㿿סСͳǵһ񡣡
ҲãСҲʱɳˡôСһֱǰ涥ŵģƾԼ浥ҲǸ顣
ţǺ¶ҲġԭҲҪ㣬С߻Щ鲻ŪңмͷүúúŪһ
Щ鲻̫ôء
ȻĻûһ鰡
֮أö˵ӶѪԵĺܡ
뾩ʫ֮ȣЩطȷʵѹĶࡣ
ҲĪ̫ࡣҵɣǻķ˺Щ꣬һģг͢˿еҰİˡ
γ֪ءֻĻܾǡ
֪ˡ
Ȼ
ǿԼİ򱧲ƽءǣ֮Ը飬Ϊǰٰᣬܵĺܡ
ĪܣһҲ͹ȥˡ
ˣҼҹŲͷء

Դļ򣬡룬֮ԲǰС߰񣬿ܾ棬ðŵһЩܼ顣ȻƣӦø߰һô
۾΢
⵽пܡʱ˵еıС߿ĳɼҪˣɶǰġСôôܷøеءʱã֪ǻϹŪġչ飬ҲˡС߸ֻǵˡǵ˵ضɲ൱СôһСҪôָߣðĲֲ֮ϣôŲأ
Ǻǣʥϰ
з۾뵽ʹ˽ۻϵĻ
ʥóڣɲǴôǲƣλϵģҪ֪ӵˣɲܴڶĻӵӱûˢӣܳ¶
ˣˣ̥ɵСһЩ˵˳棬һصļŮ򣿡
λصŮ򣬻Щġ˳ǾǸʺ֮أƫƫĵطڴ˴
ǱȥרŴˣѡĵطҲſ˶Ȼ˭İĲë֮ءڻһЩ˳˸ֵ̣ЩʱֻΨһӻֻ̡˲ʮǺǣ⣬˳ǵӻء
ֵϣſĽֵ½ĸɫ̣е޷ǰģ
˵ʵҳ˳ǣֻûġЩʱĳУǲǺӵġ
ǺǣҲ޷󣬵ôŸĵطһûвĵͰéݡһЩʯͷǽšһηʱӵ˾һǣ˯Ҳ˯ˡµݶᱻܣӱ٨֮ġ
ˣмҵø㣬ˣܱߵˣƺһߺкüǰʱ䶼ľӮ޸棬ܿСߣ¶ءһ¶ǰͨ籨šһЩ÷֮ġ
СЩʱķǶԵģ˳ȷʵҪһҲԸӲˡ
һתԸأǰȥĽ޵µСС˵һ
С󣬵һʱĽ޵»㱨ȥ
ţ֪ͨȫǵˣҪϸ񿴹ÿһˡҲҪ˹ܷС
Ŵ˳ǵ˾Ͳˡ
ӵģ˳ǵ⣬ǲ˰ɣһɱһȥҴ˳ǵ⣬ǾǸǹȥ
СǣÿҲӾһ㡣˸Ҷ˳ǲ˱ͷһһǲԻᣬޣһү¶ټһ
ЩվڵĻһСȥˡ
СҲǶɵģһ˵еҪĦȭƵģһ׼þҪȥ
Ҳǡ
Ӹ磬ôˣ
ôˣȻֱӸɰ
ǺáӸ磬ֱӿɡ
һȺСӣӾ񣬾ͶŸҪطֻе˵׼һ



پʮ£²

ϣһȺʿûҺҳ
Զĺߣ˴¡
缸˳Ǹë֮ؿҪˣʱ۸缸ɵøһõĽѵ
ǻ˵ôһȥɱӶġҽ飬ۿˡ
ɲôǴҲ˶ȻһǸ缸⼸̫࣬ôһһ
ˣǶŮ˻ȥɡط˵ĺܣɶҲûУһ̣Ǿ־ܵĶ󰡡
͸¶ˣֻҪǿϵģŪȥŮ˻ǺӣֻҪֵǮģǵ˿ϡ
һȺ˻ڷ̸۵ʱû˻뵽ǿƮŵҶһƯ
棬ζĴɻҶ棬һˡ
ȵһ˷ִƺһ߶бʱʶ鲻ԡ
ô£ôôб
ãǵĴˮˡģôˮˣʱ򻹼ģôˣ
ãҪˣҲˮ
ˣ
һȺӾˣǿϰߡеĲӾˣȥһ˨ŵСǣû⿪СͲݶɡ
һЩǿСѭһȺĿࡣ
ģһȺС˳һСӣȻǵĴˡˣǶӾ
ӾģϽѲˮֵŪȥ
ָһγڴˣ۾ðˡ
ȴһǿߡ
һȻίǲǸӾġҲһ˻ӾԵģǺѼӡ
һͨ󣬺òռһɢɢνڴߵط֣Լı֮⻹ûʼأʧôˣڴ˵Ǹ޷ܵĲпʵ
ɶ񣬸ģôһˮ֡һӡ
ڴܻһ˸Ͻοڴˣ󣬾͸ϽսɡҶǰ֣ģһ˿϶ǻͷˡ
ԣǰ֣ɱǸ⣬ٸ⡣
˻Ůˣͳͳɱˡ
ãҪһ˳ǵĵضȡɱ⣬⣬չ⡣һûط棬Ҫ֪ǵ³ʲô
ֵǣᵶӣ尡
һȺ˿ʼŵǰ塣ǳųţڴ־òˡôǰŵˣͻȻʧˣ
ţʹһɱĺС
ëȻƻ죬ֻһƬ̲ѪȾһ
ǸоҪֲжֲ
󲻶ԡ
ģ˵ˡһǰ֪ǵ𣬷ô֪ǻġ
űһȺˣڴɱɫˡ
ʵ̫ˡ
⻹û˼أԼ˾ͷˡҪģΪֹ˿ˮļСͷһȺ⣬ǻû˵Ӱӡ
λСһ㣬һƬ̲ôСĵߣܴܲġЩǣĵͼİ취Ҳûбķˣǰߡ
һ£ֻСǰ·
ȷǰȫĵطǰŲ
ǰǰȥ
ò׷һƬɳأһȺ˿һ£ܲΣհɡ
һϮĺ۵˴ˣŵӣһĦȭƵ׼չ񡣿ǣͷ¡һ졣һȺջϵĹٷǣ˲ͱһһĴʯͷû
ˣҪ
ڴ˿ӭͷĴʯͷٿ޵ԨĺСţԼһȺ˵٣ȻӰҲƼʹ˱ɾ
һȺٷǣʱж˷ܣʱ򣬾жɥ
Ҳû뵽ԼһȺ˻˵Ĳҡ
ſջϵΪʮˣڿǰӿֳдһȺʱŵȫ̱һ㷴ҲûС
ʵǣһˡ̫ˡ
ʤˣʤˡ
˳ǣѪ
Ѻȥ
Ѻȥ
λЩ²ɱ˰ɡ
ҪɱҲҪѺǶȥǳ˿ģЩ²Ҳȥ
ԶԣѺȥ
죬סںߵһĴǣѺһȺ²ȥ
˵һȺ²廨Ѻǰȥһ̣˶ڻɣ˳ǣĵط
ΪʲôôܿͰǸ㶨ˡ



پʮ£սǿϣ


˳ǵİǣԶԶľĵ
ǰͨ˳ˣ˵˻Ѻ˹
Ľ޵´һȺĵøصˣȫӿӴһӢǡ
ǣлҴ˳ǵİǣ˵һлл
һȺѺսǰĸɫŮĽ޵Եĸл
һȺҲӿǰǰлǣȫӢ۰벻һ帾壬˵ģȻԸ㶨ôǿ׳ˣ˳˵ĽԶӢۡ
İǹֲ˼ġ
ӵ˺ٺɵЦʵһȺҪռǵĵ̣ԾѪӿһеľ취ˡԺ󻹻߾裬Ԥһһǡ˵һ˵ĿģҪ˳Ǹɱ⣬չߡģͨˣôôĺءˣһô壬ͷʾڰɡ
ԣͷʾڰɡ
һȺ˸˻
һŷ²ǵ񣬾Ҫһ
һΪ׵ķ²ǣô˰ΧԼˣȫɪˡЩɻ󣬲˵˳ǲë֮ôë֮أӦûˣҲûʲôöĵطǣЩˣȻãҲż˴ŻǸɾңѣҲǻġУЩĽֵô¶ЩɫĶפŵ̶ʲôطǴǴŵĲë֮أ
ǲë֮أô˳˵ĺÿǳλˣ侲òģһȻᣬһɨһϮˣֻһë֮صĳˣ
ʱһָоһˣܱǳˡ
Щ˵Ϣġ
Ľ޵³ſһ׳ķ²ǡһȺˣõвʮˡ˵̫࣬һδǰˣҲǰٰˡǷ˼ǰһ·Ϯġ
λ˳ҪġҲֻһʱĸΣǸһĹĻᣬҿô磬˳ڿҪĽԱԸԼΪ˳ֹףǲҲԿǵı֣ٸжĻ᣿
սһľˡλĳ˵ĻһӶˡ
ҪǸĹ
Ŀԣ⣬˵лŵĻᡣš
ֻеΣյʱ򣬲Żţԭĺá
ʱսǾĸоֻҪܻţôŶС
˶ĬˡգռϷ硣
в˵ͷͬ
ǰ޹ʱһ֮ɲ·ôܸһᣬһܸĺҲǲ顣˵ˣ˳ҲȷʵҪԱ裬һǵˣ̫
ˣ˾ͺá
ţ𣬲ֻһսиҵսһˣǾ˳Ǹı˳ǣ˫ΪԼΪ򵥣ΪԼĹ
һȺսձˡԭҪθĵ뷨ǣϵʱͷһܵϢ
˳ǲǲĵطΪսֻ֪ɻʲô˼أе˶ǻƶȡҪԷҪ·ԣҪӦͶǻ֮ĲСǣҲһġͨʮλһƶ
ҲǾʹɻĴڡǸһᣬһĹĻᡣֻҪͻĹףʵҪĻ֣Ϳȡɣصǵļ԰˳ǣԣǸѪĳУôһë֮أ˷ٲʢĳеġ
ˡ
ǲԼġһɵɵĿͷ󣬻Һˣ˼˵ǿԣñֻ֣ȡԺɣ
ԵģǺġ
ȻƻȡɵķеˡֻҪıֶͻǻһԸǼӷֵġԴƣǱعƣʮ겻ȡɵĻ֣͹ˡ
ַ˳ǵ˵ֻʮʱ䣬ͿԻȡɣǼ׵ˡϾ˼ҵĵطû㿳ͷǲġڻܸʮԺͻɵ
֪ôģεĸо

Ȣϱˣһ뵽ϱǽ壬ʱͻĶӣҲܱһӡףȡ㹻Ļ֣Ѽ˽
뵽ͻȻ
ˣһ⡣



پʮ£ʮ

˿Щ
ŵ˷²͸⣬Ҫɡ
һȺˣٻȥĻֻ»ۼˣԼҲ촦ġ
⻰һ˵ڳķ²һӾ侲
ǰǵĶôܷǻȥ
ʱĻص¾ˣҲᱻ۵ġ
˵ʱǻҲ޷ٻؼˡһ룬˵ֱĳ
ţ
ͷͶԹսƺͷԺѰ
Ҿ֪ǵˣܲǿҪɵʱ򣬸ӹ󣬿ܡеݣ˲Ҫ𡣡
սǶ۰ͰͿͷ⣬˵ʵ̫Ҫˡ
⣬ҲǹˡʵǲʣҲ˵ġйǵˣǻίǺ̶ǣǰǽ͹ȻǰԸǲԸҲǿѲǡǲԸģҲζǱ˷ˡҲ̫ġ˳ǵĹﻹǴѵСֻҪʱȡɣһͥҲ̫ѵ顣ˣɻб⡣
۾ˡ
ΪԼлõġ
˵ĻãδʵǿԵġ
ˣһúø죬Ϊ˳Ŭȡһҵ˽ӹ
ʱĵģǼ˻᲻Լ
ϾһϤĵطңս˭֪ǻôءһҹսע޷˯һ˼ƮĺԶ
մǾúø죬ȡһɣǳ֮ơԵģƾһˣҪֳһ˻ʲôģѹܡ
ڵıţ룬ϣٿδʮҵʱ⣬ʵ˵ܳǳȥ󣬻һʱֻҪĺãͷ˵ģ˳ǰ仧ҲǲԵġ뷨ʱһ²ǣû̫ų뷨
෴ģΪԼ԰һңǹܱ˳ԹҲδ˳˵ģǿԵõõδġ
Ľ޵²²һ˳ǵˣֻһαװˡ
һЩˣΪ·ϵ̫ãԾ˲ʮ졣
һϰΪ׵Ŀţڽһׯʱȴ֣ⷢһҲûСҲûʲôֵǮĶһʳһٷġ
ĵֵģһ̫ˡǻǿջ
ǣųԵһ룬һȴ˲̶ͬȵĳ鴤ԼŻµ
ãЩˮʣµ棬жж
ʱĵ˲ʶԭ׸ߵǶԵġ棬˼ҵķˣײҪȥҳԡ
һԣʱǻỵ¶һԻ˰ɡ
һȺŹͬվǰһȺСĵֻĺܡ
ǺôҲб̵˰
ôܱһȺ²ء
еĴǣҳǰ׼õ֮Ķһ²廨֮󣬼Ѻ˳ȥ
ϰ˵ķ²һϢ˳Ǹˡ
һ죬еõϢˣȥΧۡĵ˾һȺһ˲ϵΧš
ģô˳ءûǡ
԰ϰգֵôԶˣһϹۡ
ѽ˭֪ôİͷе˾ǰͶ¡

Žֱ˵ۣĵֻ߲ѵ
Ҫֻ˵ٵġ
ܳǹٱô졣
룬ԭǵˣΪ˱԰յô
ɵãΪǵҪǾȻСˡ
˳ǵİ˴ͽ֮ġ
Ȼ˵ǴǵķԸ£ǣ벻Ǿòĺܡ
չ飬Ը֣֮ǵܸɵ
һ￴ˣ˳ںΣգ֡һһЩˣûвôڳĴһﶼҲ˵ˣֻ˵һ䣬˳ǵİΣ˳ǵĽ裬ȫһǱϵĸл
Ľ޵ĸлһǵİǡ
дǴذǨūǡ
ǣǵú󣬾İԼļ԰ǰ˼԰衣
˳һһģ˵һЩһȺ۵İáҲʱԽᵽʦ˵ĻСưǣǿǵ٣Ҳǵ
⻰ǰô⡣ڣĶˡ
Ҳ⻰ĺڡ
ΪǵõˣǾͻϵĻ㡣мӡǲãǵҲǸһˣһ˲Ĵڡ
ģһС



پʮ£̧ͷͦغ÷

һ˱ץסˡ
һѺսǵģȴӵˡ
Դȥ˵ˣ˶˳ǣǺùʱľͱſ
ôģôõķƣǺġ
ԴӹүԺ˳ǿһһģһĹĴڡ
˳Ҽңȫҡһƻǵļ԰
һƬȻشɽֵģ˭ҲҲһһǻ᲻ӺɽĹ
ĵŵӵˣԾվڷڣΪ˶ž󻼡
ΪԷһԻǣҪɽҪھ˲ٵ塣ҪĵطҲˣֻҪвʿо֮ġ
ΪԭԵһ˵Ĺٱǣסڵʱд񶼼ЩҪءȵ˵壬͸ӿǰɱһͨ
ץĵȻץץģǿֿģǾͿˡ
û뵽ƽʱͦº͵ĴǣһĿɱȻ֡
ҲǣһһҪɱչǵĵˣܶһһɡ
ЧսЩϣ˵ֱӷǰ׼ʯͷľͷ֮ģһһķ飬ûȫ²ˣҲһŵġ
ΪսۣԽǰﻹûļʽߣôϡͿľ͸˷²ò˵һĻͦԩġ
ӣǰ˳ˣǿ쵽ءһʱǡǡþͿбĴѺ͹ʱкö˶ӭӡ㲻֪ҫҿŶĽʱ۾ģԺǴҲĻᡣãѺսĻᰡһС˳ǣҲǲ۵ģҪץ
˵ļ˷ܡ
ҲǵЦ
뵽˳ǼλƯС㣬а˵кС
Ҳ֪ڹĺòá
ԽԽáĸڶչ˶ʮͷѸĻĵݣԭĺӵҲصԽԽࡣһҪҪɶģҲܸһˡ
Сļˣڶ顣
ʵǣѹûҪᡣС°ʱ򣬾Ҫٰˡ
ʱ䣬˴һ𣬿ԸůһЩ뵽뵽СһЩԿأ˵ĳ顣
һ̣˶ͣǣӴԺСģԼһ壬ʹ˸ӡԺ
ŲúͻȢϱˣӵһμ
ԼŬܶһ죬˴ﻹδϱһӵء
ȥȢϱȢһԼϲģ˳۵Ĺоĺܺáһ˭Լת䣬ҲҪάڵҸҲҪػųλү
ǵӣԽԽõģǵļ԰ҲҪԼάһӸƻˣҪ̣ǵļ԰ǵĵӦ
ԵģֵܣҷԽԽ˵ˮƽ׬Ǯˣ˵µҲ᳤ˡӴӴӴ㿴ǰ棬öӿˡҾ˵һ˽ǣҲᱻЩǻӭİɡ
˵žͽһ¿ͦͦظ
кöƯСӣСɶģʱһҪע
бһֵܣ¶棬ͣͰЦˡ
ֵܰҲǶǰɾƯģ浱˼ϲͺءҪ¶ùǵϡ㵽ǰԼʰĸɾһЩء
˵дׯѺս˳棬һǵ˶˷ܣܳ֡
ӺʹһȺСǣȻȻľֱͦ¶ҪຩɵжຩɵЦݣܵ˵ͷ֡
ܣǿһЦšҲûгЦ֮⣬ֻǿһȺСôоϲ졣
ӰǼ￴źƯҵأ˳ôôƯĹﰡĵĹءû뵽ĵشĹǣҲкÿӴ
ӾԼ۾ʹˡ
զôˣؼô棬кöƯСﰡһĶͦ˳۵ģһҲϲ졣
˳ڲˡҲвٵ֮صˣҲе֮صˣͻʵĴԼĴׯ档ҲҪһЩӪڣҪ֮ġưɣĵˣֻԽԽġ



پʮ£һһ

ӴֵܵĻӲԽͦͦ
ᰡ˳ǾôţԺӻԽԽá
ЩĵˣǰȥǣѧһЩҪһЩҩ֮ġ
չ˳ǵֻǷչĸ죬ҲǵҽбĶȽûҪԷƱ
ǰĵ˵ǰһģǺǴë۴ǰ
һ룬ӾԼ˲á
һνսǺĽ޵½ҲȥսӪء
жٵսˣ
سˣǵսѾʮ˸ˡʮв̶ͬȵˣǻΪƣЩ˶ٻܸɻ廹㿵ˣ޽лǻΪǳ췿eá
ôˣ
ᵽܣͷЦˡ
Ǻǣʱǰ˿ǲôֵأΪӳȥһ˳ȥˡΪģֻΪӳȥ󣬸ҲԵģҲû·ӣҪصǰĵطдʳСǵҪ棬ְصĹٱǺǡ
һ뵽һ¶ͷòЦʵһ뵽ǰһǻľɥӣķĵĿİ
ǰһǻʱһ϶ġڵܽһѽŶȵΪǱֲãٿ۵ǧӡʱһһǳ׵ĳ˷ŭͣȥӴԺʵĸɻ
һЩСûļʵʩˣǰңԼ̫ӢˡӪصˣѹػǡÿ쵽ʱһԼˡ
ΪģֻΪֻϹˣкóԵģкôġȻɶҲûСӪţҲֻ˯ŵ߳ȥ˳ǵ˲㣬ӳȥҲ˸ʳԵġ
˴˰㲻֪һ᳤ĻǿСӣЩʱҲ֪ʲô뷨ܳȥһѸӣ˵ҪһֻҪͺá
˳˾СӳͦҲÿ˼ҹѸӻǰû˵ţתǿܼ¼˽ȥСһȥˣҲ֪Լ³ǸɶԺҲٺҶ˼ȥˡǺǡ
ιܵĻĽ޵°Եͷ
ļãͷԼԼŬɷ֣ⷨӱϰȥĺáϾǵļܵС
ˣҲķӣǲʵʩĹУٽ޲ѡҪ˵ôôܸأɶɶ¶ƺûΪѵġ
Ҳ˳˵ŬȻô˵ز˵˵ȥҲֻ˳ǵڿŸı䣬ҲϣڵһУбĸá
Ȼôģ˲չҲֻһա
̫ǫˡ
ιܻǾãλӢĴ̫ǫ顣
˳ôδˣһλһء
˵˿Ҫأʱһǵϲ°
һᵽҪ飬Ľ޵ϾҸЦݡ
ţҲ̫һ㡣һ治ٻˡ
һ뵽ܵĿȻθСһЩܡʱȻЩʱԺһЩˡ̫̫Ҳ˵ˣʵĳԺһʳ֮ġֻǲǰһûƾͿԡۡжϲԵģ˭
ôʳ϶ûϹǵūŵʱСǻҲĺһūһںԺƧĵطһЩóԵһθڡ
⵱̣ϺˣȴҪԿɷĳŶˣο˵ܵڶ
Ǻǣ⸾˻аɲôŴ˾λ̫ˡ
ĸ˻вԿడ
ȻҲ˶˵ĸΰˡʵǣкʱʵ̫ˡ
źӺ񼸺Ͻȥ򣬵ǽ컹ȥתת
̫̫ҲһҴļãĽ޵µҲסլ档ȻһģǸͽܡǸίº͵ģȴ˵ĸˡ˵۾źƯÿ۾ʱ;Ǹ˶ǵҿɴűٵһ˱ٵ
жʮӣҲǲȥУˣʲôȥɡ
á
һ׼ϲȥ̫̫뿪ˣŶߵԼ
˵ôҲǸٷˣôǰԵĸһء
Լ۵ֳ
Ҳ˼С㣬Ƕ㲻أֵ˵˼Ұڼء
̫̫Խİëء



پʮ£ʽ1

ˣǸϽȥɣ˵ļݴʱ͵ýءǺǣڴǳ˵һνгǻ񰡡
һĽ
һ߶ҲǼŴߴ٣԰԰ǸϽȥɣ䰡ͺü
ƵǰߣɴߵĻյĺܡ
ŵǵλеģѾͷ㼱ȥĪҪ˶
һȤ²ˡ
ˣ˵˵ء˼һСҪˡ²
涢ǰ컹һСĸͼġòƣ̸ء
˵ʵǳԵĺûİɡСѾͷܳǸ⻳ĸ̫ܳ࣬һܼ尾顣һ뵽ļȣ˿ԼɫĲȣˮ
ҪԵģᣬҰһ󽺳ʦȥˡ
ؿЦڲĲˣһԵľͼۡ
ķͦġ
ͼеʱһθ̾Ҳһûˡڽֵһ±仯
ֵϵˣڿ׫ȥݡ
ϣЩʱ򼸺ⷬ⡣ڣȴвٵ˰ڷŸ̯λߺǲԼŪһЩɫĶ֮ࡣ
ǰʳ̯λٵĿ񵽺ãо¥Ҳ˸Сԡ
۷óֺÿ۷ء
滨㣬óԲĸ㰡
⽣һżͭǮ
⴮Ŀ⴮

ɫкģߺȵ½
¿һУǽаǲĹ򣬰Ūһأ棬һУСء
ᵽү࣬¾졣ǿɲôҶûļүǼôġȥһ˫Ьӣĵװ廹ͦʵġǸүʮߵĻˡÿϴϴˮүʱū澶гүĽŵкˡүһһء˭ֻ뵽һˣҲͨͶһ᳤ļ
Ҳǵͷɲôһô˵ģһҲֻܵڴϡʱŷ˯ˡеʱ߶ŷ˵֣ͱۡüΣū澿үһֱŵƣȥһƣ˯ţﻹűʰ֮ġ
ᵽЩҲĬˡ
Ľ޵µ࣬Ů˵
ʵǿ࣬ǣСֺγء
ΪԸ̫ۣڲʱǣżﻳеŬԼһҪãҪԼܺáôһ뵽Сţֲˡ
ϾСô࣬ΪģΪ֤ԼôΪޣҪģǺúõĸ죬˳ǵʽ
ֻҪʽ˳ǾĻԼĳţǰһֻһŸƵʯĵضһЩϡķᣬһС
Ͻȥ˳ǵʽءǺǣ֮꣬붼ûһۼ֤˳ǻᱻ
ǰһҶ̶ӵˣ˵˻ٵըҩ֮ģЩըʯͷ˵°빦ءڵսҲкüˡԸʧǲ˳Уʹǲױ˼̤롣ԴǼˣҲҪԼĳǽСȥ
Ǳİ˵Ǵ˵ҪгǽˣǣҲҪ֧гǽء֪ĸУ˼ûʯͷѳиȦģҲ˳ǰڻһָɵĵؽڣһһүڰ˳ǽԽԽãУ˳еģ
ǻ˵ôɸһҪϢҼݣʮǰͰȥһӰȫҶˡ˵Ǵڵ棬Ҳǹأһ˼õ𡣻Щʱҧ˲˵ķֵһ档޳ȥһ궼кöǮġ
ѽֵ۹ⰡҵʱҲҪôţ·̫ûһǺڵĺӴǵһֵܾǸһĵ˼ҾͽҵĻְĻ̸һҲȥҲкööǮءˣǵĻƶȣҪǮƶˡ
ԵģƶȣҲøıġϾ涼Ǯͨġ˳Щʱû취ˣдҪŪ󣬵ҲûôǮʳ֮ġ˵ǵʱпڷԣԵĶܹ˲ˡ¿ǣԾûǹǮߣЩֶʵʵĿԻǮءٺӾԶһ㣬ǣų˵Ļһ쵽ġ



İ£ʽ2

ԵģԵģҲ˵ˣЩˣҪõԣҪõһЩԴṩҲǮˡ
һЩ̣ҲһЩԵ˰𡣳Ҳ˵ˣǰ꣬ǽ׶Σյ˰ǺٵġߣЩ˰ˣǵĹǮġǺǣ꣬±˶ӣһǮǶһõĺء
氡˳Ǹʲôģұ˭ء⹤ǮɣҪҪҲνġչ˵ҲΪ˳Ǻôǳ˾̫ˣŸǼһЩֻΪԺ˰ٳÿÿٵģǿɾиء
ǰĴˣȥҰ
ǿɵŬѴأ˶ߵˣҪΪ鷳˵ĻһҪУѵһλǰʵµĴˣɲġ
ģγ¶ɡ˵ЩǰڵǸطǵٵү£ǵΪһСͰȫ˸ȥūţǲ˵˳ĺ󣬲˹ô
ǶĶѽλ֪ܲҪӵʱ˼˺þӴ

Žֵϸɫ̸ۣԸ̾ɼĸ࣬˼һ۾ļġ
һȺϰգн͵ô
˿Էģ˳ǵһ죬Ϊ˳ǵİһе
һſӿȥʱԶͨ˳ǵĹؿڣʱҲ
Ϊ׵һλ󰺵жܣͬһЩ׳ĺӡ
˵˵ط󣬱
СҸһ£ѽ
Ϊ׵ǸЦŵһ÷ؿֵܴǣ߰־ܾĻ÷
λү˳ءǰı߹ȥİɣλүĴ磬еǱ߹صľүǡô·Ƶһ
⼸һͷЩеǾصˡ
Ϊ׵ɫᣬĻȥĴָСǻǱ߹صľǵ֤ͨС˵˳ǣô᣿
ľЩ⣬Се㿪Ц
ǺǣǲǾү㻹ǾӦ߰Ҳһ˵Ĵڣ
ǿصıЦҲûвͷ
һǼæżĸɫ˵ȡ˵󣬶Լ֤
û֤ģᱻ֮ȥһߵǼݣԴȥ֮ģٲһʱĽ֤
ҳڸλСǵĹƶȣͦй淶ءǰ·ϵʱҲ˵˳Ǻҵڸ㽨裬ǰǴ⻹ûطҲоءͳҾþͲǰ˳ǿԱȵġ˵ǰ˳ǣ˼һҲǰ
Ǻǣ˵ļԣ˳ǰȷʵôһ·ˣֻôһˣ
Ժ
⵽ģڿԱ˲١Уôһֱ߰Ѳɣǽ˳ڸʲôɣ
һ·ǰȥȺ˻Ǿòԡ
Ҫ֪һ˵ǳд仯ҲӦôһֱȥ
Щһ˷ܣ̸ʲôȻд¶ˡ
λүģ˳ǽҲҪʽˣôش飬ĸԸ֤ءԽ⸽ԲʮˣΧˡ
ȻÿĴ䣬ڷڵġ˭ЩеءȻشʽҲעⰲȫǳ˽£Բ˾ǺȥҲ˲վڷڡ
ŶҲȥȥ򣬵Ҫʶһ˳Ǻηòء
Ϊ׵ȤҪȥһĵطע˳ǣ
ЩʱǺ֮ܳأ˳ǵˣǳȥֿҪҲԸ棬Ըص˳ˡأһ˾ȻڳƵ˳ǵı仯ǵǱȤжתһһӢ˵ģɫ˾͵Ӧ
ãǾݸġ
͸żŮ
ؿıһ˺󣬱ȷˣǸǴжԱŰˡ
һоүе˼ŮС
ȵһˣò׵еı
²ⲻһˣӦǳϽĹŮһˡ߹֮أ˳Ͻҿ벻бŮˡ



İһ£ʽ3

һȺô˳ˣ
˼أ߹صľǣǻֵšܲ²ľͲҪȥ˼ˡҲ֪ʽô
ǵվڷڣû취ȥ֤˳ǵĴҵ
һ뵽ǳ棬Ǻüġ
ˣ㵽һ¥СӣɵġҲҶ̺ŵ˸˵ԺҪŪһ̣бĴ̺֮ġҶ̺ŵˣҲһȺš
ضҶ̺ŵˣĺܡ
Цɲ˵Ҷ̺ŵ˾үȻÿλʱѵǰʵģȴСЩ
룬¾Ҳ뵽СʮңͿʼչԼҵҲģӵµҶ̺š
飬֪ܲȻͲĺá
Ƕడ
ûнºɴ
Ȼˣջûжٵĸı䡣෴ģƤʲôĻǰÿ
Ϊ˲𲻱Ҫ鷳ŶǴñ
쵽μʽˣĽ޵һ֮⣬иĴԼ˴šԼͻ׵һЩܳʿĴЩ˵֣ڽ֮󣬶ϳǱʯͷϡ
Ժհ֮ġҫܲμʽ˶֡ǿҫ飬׬ǮҪĺá
棬ҲǰһֳС֡ȻģҲ˹׵ˡ
챻ʽ൱ġ
棬Ҳм峤
Ǵļʿ˳Ҳ˲СĹףһΣ峤ǾʹŸԵļ壬վǰһš
Ľ޵Ϊ׵һȺˣ˾ǳʽʽʼʱе㶼Ųʱܵ˶˾
вǰΧ۵ˣڵᡣ
£ҲЦЦĪˡ
һʢ飬һ죬ǰμ˳ǻˣȴЦžĨᡣ˸̾
ģ֮꣬Կʢ£ˣҲ֪ءǼ˵飬ǲ֪ô¶ǾñӺᣬĪľᡣǣĶǿĵᰡ
ţ֪Ƕ֪ءȻûĴ󣬵ҲĸоǿԼĺӣò׳˰Сӣȥ˿佱ˣ⵱İĪľǿĵĺء
ǺǣģǿԼҺӳɳˣĪԺ֣ڴа
񵭵Ц
Ľ޵µ뿪һȺҲò׼ǰ档Ҫ˵ǸߴɫʱһͣͻҵĸϽת˲䣬¥Ӧһٿ̧ͷ¥ϵĵط
ֻһŮ˵ıӰ
ݸ磬㿴ǰǸⷬˣùŹֵĴ簡ͿĨĿ֣ͷִôĹͷǺǣ֪ĻҰء
ǡʱ˼קסĽƵĸ첲Цǰһⷬˡ
һȫ¶ĵطͼڵŮˡͷҲһЩùͷĥƷΧŵģһЩƤ֯ɵ·
һ֪ĻǴԭʼ߳ˡ
ĽһۣҲûôתǵ¥ſڡ
Ҳ֪ô£ܾãղǵϤġҲ̫
˼ﻹһȤĿ˳ǵһС
̯ⷬ˲٣ȥͦġ
ܾǰϢˣطȻȲϺöУҲûСҿĵʲôģҲӦоеġǾƼңҲкüءһǰÿԳһ˳ǵɫ˳ɫƲ֮ģҲ֪Щʲôˡ
ߣȥһ¡
߰ɣ˵طôҲóһЩߡ
ȻæǳԶٷĹеġһ˽ƼңҲرĶࡣǱǵˡ
˳Ҳһ죬Ƕ˳˰ĳˣôôء
ǻ˵ôڻʳǵʱ˵Ǹв׿ءҷˣҲǸƵˡ
ˣ˵ķ˺˰ɡ
и
뵽֮ǰԼעǼ¥ӣģƺһɴиĽưü֪ôģֲ̫ġ
ˣͷ˶ǾʿأҲ֪ð
ʿ
Ľưü
Ǿǵˣ˵֪ءȥһȴˡ



İ£İ̥

ˣˣ˸ղܵţҪˡ
Ҫˣܾ⣬Ǻã
ѽĸɱôסء
ɲôڳǰĹ㳡ȥ
Ͻȥѵ·ÿҪ˵ų˵·
ԶԣϽȥвţϽ밡ȫǵвţȫȥ
úãȥ֪費ҪĴ֮İ
ҲҪȥɵվǶɶϽȥ˳ǵĴ򶼽ȥ

һ˲䣬ղŻֲѵľ¥һӾȥ¥աӣ˶ȥ˾ְ׼Ϊ˰æӡ
˼Щ㶣³ҵĸ찡ӣôгˣȫҪæһ
ǰ滹ľƼƹģ⻰ͷõһۡ
˼ӿҪ
ĽƸϽץס֡ã
һ˼еŭʧˡ
λƹģ֪ǳˣǲǺȻôʱǸǣҵĲأ
һͨĳ򸾣زǲ򵥵ĺġ
ƹĿ̬ȲҲ׽Źһһ
λ͹֪˳ǵһиı䣬ȫ˳ǵĳ˰ҷˣΪ˳شıˡŵ˵˳ǵһУδȫһԷȻһЩ˰Ƕء
ôôһٵģôڵĹЧ
˼ﲻΪȻ
֪ĵٵ棬ĸеˮġΪʵµˣٶˡٶҲ֪ʮ׻ء
ѹε̫ݵĹԱֵжٵǮ˳ǵĳ˵ô棬һȺӣûİɡ
ƹĶ̬ȼȲá
λСӣ⻰˵ĺû˵ٶôģǲ֪ǵĳǿҲΪǵصİʵ¶ġĸٵģÿ춼ȥɽϣܵСֻΪ˽⵱صĸϸټֵϣһҵ̵ƹģһסԱǵĳ˶ǵãĹԱ
һ£˼еưˡ֮Աǡ˵Ҳ˳ȻĸٵĻûûĴ
⸾ˣ˳ǵ˲ӭ㣬ҹȥǳˣǾǶ˳˵ĲءҹƼҲӴĿˡ˳ǣҲӭ˽
˼ˡ
û뵽ֻ˵һԼĹ۵㣬Ȼᱻ˵ģһʱȫ
۵ĳ齣ҪƹĿȥ
Ľȴһƴ
˼һ˳Ӧʲôôַ˴СƢ
˼ѵҳôûһݸţҪɱСйߡ
ƹӵԶԶģܾһͨ
λȻǵĳˣֻ˵䣬ľȻ齣Ҫˣ˵ûĻģ
ɶ˵ҵĳͷ˰ɡɱˣޣԼǹأǹ˳ǵĵضҲ÷һƬĹܡǵĳˣǾǺ˳ǵ˶ȥֵǣһѵ⹷Ůˡ
Ľɫѿݺݵһ۳˼
˵˳Ҫڿɺãһ̯¶ˣҲֻȥƽˡ
˼죬һûʶô
Ҫ⼸ϽȰ裬¸˵һЩɡ˼ҵĵϣȰ˰ȥ˵
Ľ߳ȥ󣬳ܵҾ
λҵǱ߹صı߽֮ˣһǰԹʢ䣬ǵĻ̬ȲãҴǸˡ
˳ǵ˻ġһ˵Ǳ߹ؽʿҲٶ˵
ǶعصˣҲ˵ˣ˵ĻԺĪҪٺ˵˵ͻ׵Ĵˣֻһӵ˵ǵĻ
ǸĽһ˲ŵ뿪
֪ΪΣ˳ǣܸһֵĸо
Ҳ֪Ǹôˣ᲻·Ͼ
˼ķĺܣأƵطԺٲˡ
˼ƢŮǼõġǣʱǵһϣһֱǨġ
⻰Ľﳤȥ
˼ıӰЦһ˵ˣȴ˵һЩʲô
Ķȥûˮ齻ڵĸ飬ֻԹżһĴڡĳ˼ϻĽάַ޼ĹϵȴǼǸпõˡ



İ£

Ī£ڣġ
Ȼο񣬿ȴүŲˡ
үܾźô
Ҳ£СĲ£Ҹһȥòã
ӱźĽ޵³ǿаƽʱǸȴܱŻһٶ
ƫƫ·߻ôΧţ൱˼ȻʹһһģʹڼŹͷĸоǣʵһġ
ԣҶ
ãҺǰˣ๫ҪҪˡ
Һһעһע⡣
֪Ҫˣôôɺϵľͷء
ʱҲҲ
Ľ޵µĺˮܼˡ
쵽ˣ쵽ˣһ°
·ϵİǣȫԶÿ·
һȴְĺ·ߣǵĴǼһ쫷һȥ
ŵſڣǰܻ֪ͨ˾ͺˡ
̫̫ͺ棬ֱҡͷ
˵粻ѵõĳȥһȦɣˡҲգӷĺܿ죬ܲ˶ˡ
е˷ĺܿ죬Ҳ졣еˣҪڼ켸ҹ
ڼ̫̫ʾ⡣
ڿļãӵԴˡҽ㷢ʱٷ
ȫǺ̫̫һ¡


ʯ쾪һУĽ޵²һеس˽ǸʹԴ´˶һͣһ˲䣬ͻȻ亦ǰˡ
ʹ˲
ֻ뵽һܣȫ䡣
ġ
ţٽ
̫̫ӹӣݵһ׼˵Ĳ֮һ׼ڶ
ڿֿ֣ʼսһߵĴغĽ޵¼ǵײų˹ȥһ֣סңסңһ㣬ҸһһԺҲҪˣ̫
ôֻΪǵĺҪ
̫̫ˡ
˵ô°캢ǻûܹˣŮˣϧƨһ߶ȥŶ
ƽʱ˳Ƶ˳Ǹĸٴˣһȴ׷ԲԵ̫̫ĸһһߣ⼸˳ǵĽӿǴһЦĺܡ
ʵǣһֱ̫ʣ̫ÿһѵгԱʱԺȥ˵һء⼸ӶһƵ룬һżƾɵӣǺηﰡ
ôܶԳСеġ
һ˵ĺģӺĽ޵¿ûȥܹˣֻĵ״
˵ģΪĿ죬Ҳͦġĸӣһһĵĳ
ʱеõģҲǼһʱĸӣҲֱ۵̱˹ȥ
;Ľ޵ºüζСİַǼ䣬˾ʹ˯˹ȥһֱæźӺʹ˵ӻͷģҲֻҡͷ
ʱ̫֣ҲǸ鷳顣
ҲȥϢɣԭͲ˽ġûߡ
˵أҲͱ졣
˼ûд߰ԶΪ
˭б˸ء
һЩעӾʹԼͽܰҹľ뿪ˡ
һֱԹ˵ˣҲû̫ǿŶԷ
չˣеġ
һ˯˯˲ʮʱ
һȻܣȴȻеʱܶˡĸޣ䲻µζʱҲΪջġ
أ
۾ӭ˻ϲָӡĽ޵չЦݡţǱ
ĸӣֻһŮȻǶӡΪĸҪ֪Ů˶˶Ϊ١ͷ̧ĶǶӡŮһҲν
ԼŮãһһӾĸСӡȻ˵㣬Ժ󶨻õġ
ǵء

ĳƺʾе㲻⡣
˯һǵĳΪء
ĺܡǰ֪ҪĸӺͷ˲ٵ飬ȷáְͻŸȡĸ֡

ԭСײˣôҪ룬Ľ޵»û
ȻߵȻķ˷·ЩС¶Ī̫˵ĺãڼǰҾ˺ǵ֡˵壬һģС˵ģϢ岻Ծˡ
ãҺӴӴԺǴء



İ£ʦǵ

ĸӵ֣Ľ޵µȻԸóȥġȻҲ˼˵ΪֹΪ̫ȡ֣ûն
ҲΪһ죬һʦϲһʱĽ޵еɵۡ˷ܵĲ֡
ʦϲʦҾ֪ǻģǵͽء
һʦõһۣ˻ôûûСģʲôӡ⼸ҳ򡣡
ʦһӹСޣǲһµĺӾգ۾Ҳ󣬺ǿЦ͡ʵСӤһҵı飬һˡ
ԹԣҾ֪ѾͷϡҰɡ֪Ҫءʦ
С޵һԷԵĶɶأ
ϲĲˡ
̬ôô̬ءû¶ԼϡûŹĸ
Ҽҹͽϲңôģ
ҪϽ廰Ǹλʦһͳסɣ˳ǵĵضҲΪɫһطءסɽϣҲɽˮĵؽǶׯţǺܴӣǿ϶ϲġ
ֳɵķӣһüֱʡȴסˡ
ڨڨģûء
ɬ
һֱӱӰ׼źӣֿʼСѾͷСﳤıСӸϡϲཱུģѾͷ
һߣϲ§ޣһżϲ죬һż࣬ǵһҲĪҲ֪ôģ뵽һЩ档ʱҲ§źӣ߻һԷһҸֻżƳһ
뵽ĪľЩʧ䡣һʱʧˡ

ϵ̣ϲĺϲĳСӣôôʦء

ŴԭصϲģһЦĸ⳩졣
ԼĹԹͽŮðô
ǣҲЦˡ
ǰӹӵʦǿŵϽסͣĵ˼ʦѾͷء
߲߲߲߲
һƽʱɰ˶һİƮƮȴһСѾͷ߲߲ô
ԺҲȻֹ̿
ϲڿպҲһ㶡ЦٿԶСѾͷˣСȻø˳ۡ
СĽ޵µĻתͶ˵СӴӴɣԭǼô԰ԺʦһЩһı¡
ϲǾȥ
ɶƵģһֱѾͷ̧ˡ
һһҲһ߶ѾͷԺΪʦһ㡣ϲôиԵġ
˵꣬ϲҲȥԶԶģˬʵЦ
ȵ⼸˳ȥˣϽؼʰСǡʰСһҲ˳ֵĺܡ
СһƨɵϸɾĽź̾
ǰܾһʦǸ߲ʵ˶ŰɣҲһͨءǲţƽʱһʦ
ǿ˿ô˵Ҳһ鷲ôû޵ɣǵȻͨ˵
Ʋ죬ؽ㣬ΪˡһʦҲǼÿġô˳۵ĺܡ
ǣһʦһ˶ҵǾϲʦʵͦʣиԵĺءҵҾϲʦʵͣȻһͷ׷ǳţŨƫƫǲױѱĴڡˣҵ֮Ӧġ
һǾһʦá
ϲʦʤһѾͷ˵˵ʲôأһ쵽ֻ֪ԳԳԣﶮ˼һ¡

ۿҪϽһ˲һ졣
һתߺߵȥϴƬһȥġ
Ѿͷӵʱ䣬׷ʲôɸ˵ìܡǰһЩϰԣϲΪС¶һֱ۲ݵġ
Ǻ˽ԼѾͷġˣϿƽʱǺִܹˣҲ໥֮һ¶ԷĴµʱֱ˴໥š
һۡҡͷҲǴһʱͿһءҲ룬Ѿͷദʽλʦദкβͬģ
һᣬ۾ˡ
Ҳ԰Ѿͷʦоǲദģʽ˴֮ɣ໥˳ۣͲ侮ʯǶԷµʱֻܡһ˵ʱһ˾ԻվһԸǸˡ
Եģƽʱ˾໥̨ġˣ϶ƽˡĪô࣬ѾͷЭء
ʦˣҲһ£һɢˣǺηʥˡ



İ£˼ĶǶ

Ҳ˵ɢ˵¼ŮŮ˳ǵһЩչƺ벻ɢ˵ѡԶڶɢˣҲǺĺܡ
ɢˣ治ʦ֮һҶãʦǸصĴˡö飬Ҳĺܣ˵ԼһЩǾŵġ
һһʦ׷߰
ҡͷܿ϶طĵ뷨
֪һʦڽⶾбķŲĹ˼Щ漰ǰǳĬʹһﻳ˵ӣҶе㻳ɣˣ᲻ǸŮˡ
ľˡ
ԵĴչɣⶫɢǸŮˣţǸ˰
һ˵Ů˲ôšǣ˭֪ûһŮ˴ء
ˣҸʰɡǰѶɢ˵һ潲ĶʵʵأҲʦԸ⿴ġȻҲԸ⵽ġ
Ŷʾôš
ϾһʦôĴڣôΪӡ֤飬ٲԶܵء
ţҾġ㲻ŵʱ򿴰ɡھãϲʦʵҲǡǸŷͬСɵ㺵ġ
ֹŹֵĸоӵǸŮ˶һʦһ飬ȴֻʣ¾Ϳʼˡ
һʦģʵһˡ˾ʲôģ
ϲʦ磬Ҳסһˡ
һӵɽʱʱ򣬱˴¶Ļĳ
ǰʲôģǲŵġǣ˵һһͬһŮˣҸԸΪػߡпܵġ
ҹһվںɽ֮Զ˳ǵķòЩӡ
һ³
ôԶ뿴˵Ķǲİɣ
һûлͷֻǼԶɽϲվһ𣬲翴
꣬Ҳ嶯ǣȴû
Ƕ˵ˣҲıġһʼжͲǡ
ɲһǸ˵ģϲһȾƱȽˡ
˵ϲ̸ʫ۵ϲһŵܰĸоأѡҡǣһǶϵˡ
һᵽ¶ȵһϢȻҲЩ١
ϲ翴Զǰ˵Ķԣ꣬Ӧ㣬Ǹ˵ġǣȴһļһһ飬;ޱȡ
Ҳò˵ǸôǶȴǼõġ
˵ǵȥ˺δأ
ϲЩȻ
ôȥȥ˺δ
ְ
һֱڿѰңֻ֪Ҫ;Բ֪ǻǿƲס֪䣬ȥ
ˣأߵҲء˵ҴһصĹǶȽţǲ˽ķǶǺˣ䲻ǡԣϷҲԸĹӡʵʱͰ˵ĻֻڿЦ룬ֻ£֪ԼĽ
ǸˣصĹȥ
ţ˺µ˼ά
Ҳ˾ãϣûĶ
۹⣬˼άԶϡƫƫǻ˼ȥ׷ΪŲԸԼһ𡣶ѡǸɵɵ㶣ֻ֪ΨǴӣֻ֪Ҫʱֵļһ
뵽ﶼȻ
ǲ㡣
ǣ̫㣬Ըһ
Ҳ˶Ϊ顣
չ飬ź
ˣһ磬ˣˡڵĵطǹûоãѾͷʵҲеǸ˵ӰߣҲܻһЩֵ顣ڿĵһʱֺܹŹֵĴƺʶһǣͲʶġ
̫ˣǱˣѾͷѾͷֻҪ˵뷨һһʵֳͺáˣСѾͷ֣һһ¡һֹžתҪȥȡֻСѾͷϲ
ϲȴˡ
˵ѾͷҲҿеģҪΪѾͷȡ
һüŶСӵ֣Ľ޵ȡˣġ
һ£ϲһӾˡ
ǲץʱСӵȡãʱĽ޵پ֣ûȡȨˡ
ҲϽȥһ£һһֲУ飬粻˳١
һ΢΢һЦϲĻһ㻹ˣҲɡ



İ£

ɽ¹ĽݺɽҲ̫ССƨӣͱ˺ʿ಻׵Ұɡ
ףʫ󲻴ͥûˣСӵ֣Ľͥ
˶ӹֵĽ޵£²СӵԺ䡣
ӣúǵˡ
һߣһպŲ裬һȿȡ
һߣϲǽüһ
˵СӰʦȡС¶Ҫȡˣ

Ľ޵ס
ûһ
Ϊȡֵ飬Ӧ⵱ȡô
Ѿͷ˵˵ƽʱʦôТ˳ģ
ҲסôԼҲˣ
Դʦûȡ
ãûȡǾ˰ɡ
һɫţأ϶Ľ޵µĽݸաѾͷôҸˣĽݱСһáļ£ǻҾΪȡΪĽݱס˭УСȱˮء
ʦˮǻģĪҪҼѾͷţ
⻰ɲ˵ڣСҲ̫
ʦǰĸӣһȡһҲøҺôһɣ
Ľ޵²ˣ⺢Ƕȡˣô죡
ϲ۾һɡ
˭˵Ҫȡкӵֵģ治ҪȡһôǾһ֡ңҲֻȡһ֡һˡ
ãǻһֻǣЩԹĽ޵¾ˡ
Ҫȡ
ҡͷˣҵģ͸ȡְɡ
ãչһȡȨġ
һ̣ĸСһĽ޵ľȻĪĺøС
СʵҲСĺô
⼸ԵͷаԵĸˣǰƯһӰռˡ
һСɵĺӣһʹ
ôţĽ޵¾Ͱޱڻ
ʱȻû̫º̫Ը࿴ӡ
ЩСһǶںˡ
ʦǶռõĸǣǵСˣȻСĸϡһ㡣
СǹҲһ̥ıΨһĹȫϲҲ⡣
Ľ޵£ҲСϲĺܡ
С־̶
ɴСȡΪĽݱDĽ⣬ĽݺĽ衣
ϲǣһϲʦڲιһ˳ǵĸҲ˳ǵС
ò˵λʦĺгЧҲһһĺáΪλʦǰôҲһķӲеġ˭뵽˼λʦѵƱӣһ£˳ǵİΪ֮
ǰЩҲȷʵΪǮ
հλʦķɣԼ֤Щһʽ֮Щ˾ȻתΪͽ
һɻ͸˳ǵĳǽһϵ̬ȣͲûһשһ߶ټǧ顣
µĹλʦ¼ҡǣǣλʦԵĲҡ
¾ζ̫أܰ˵Ҫζɢ˲Űȥ
ٹ£˵ĶûŪȫԻûԸȥʵǣĴӳԵĵסõļҾ߰ڼ׮׮ȫĺô
һҲˣλʦǲԸҰģϲĸСء
λʦǴԱһıࡣ֮󣬱뿪˳ǣϾﻹһһСҲġϵǸǲĺܡ
ḻĴ޵ˣΪᾪһӡ˭뵽һߵӣȻǴ޵ĸ֡˱Ҫн̵Ҫо顣
СǹԵĺܣ˯˯˳ԡ
˼ҵĺһǰһ˵ҲиͷʹȵģǳԶ˺ȶɶġĸޣľչ£Ҫཡжཡ
һ꣬Ƿ纮ҲûùһءЧ˽ˣһǼıø
һλС̵СǣҲལɰĽ
λʦİãڳԷͳһܵרΪıƧӤУĴǶֱżӰıιú󣬾ͷ̺˵źģɫƤ̺ȥ
ʮһµıԵҲãƽʱҲãıʵҲˡ
һ죬һӣǴ
ﱧŵǴνĶŷ
ģ
⺢ӳ峤ݣһ˫۾ģŸĿɰ
ƽʱ̺ϣҲ졣һǰһѲõĸɾȥ



İ£޵ճ

Ķ첻ҲĿ׼Ǹط
Ӧһģڿ綼ǰȥ󣬱Ҳǰ
ң˳һ£һָͷĶ
ཱུģƽʱû¾ͰҶԡ
ס˭ְĶ͡Ϊˣڼ˴⼸ûһ˸ΣлġλʦǰżһЩ֮ģżӣҲˣ͹ͺͺġ
λʦһ߶Ų裬ٽζıڵ̺ϵıݡ
͸ӳϣԭƮƮˣ˼Ľɫ˿ž;ˣʺ߹
СһקٿǰλڱһѵߣŶСһٻֵĸ첲ವǰ
Ǳֹ֣һĿ꣬ٶҲǼİ
ɵ۵Ҫˡ
ΪʲôǸּһô죿ҳԽҡ
ʹ
һ£ˡ
أҲſɾǰ
һ߶һʦҡͷһѾͷҪʹˡ
Ȼ˵ģǣȴޱȵƳһ۶ϲġ
ĸһӡ
СӲٱ۸˵ġ
һ飬ȣ⻰ǰǻ֮㼸춼˵òƵΪֹһֱûı
ϲĸˣŶԽˣôԽԽء
ȻСѾͷڿҪطʱһƾץСӵƨϡ
ɾǰˮСӣûСƨɱһơ
һ±ƣʱûǰֱֱĶסһ§ֱӾͰ§ǰ
ЩҵˡߺߣǸҸֱǻ졣
ĺúõĴ滹ץŵߣǰûˡ
ϽǰҪѶ̧ȣŷɡ
ۡ
ڵϺ󣬻е±ƣûӦΪʲôСûѾأֻҪһѽ
ǶûСõȶ̧ϰǰ档
أöóԵİ
ĳһһҪ򷢶ߡ
ϲСÿɰ֪һ鿴žͺܺÿеĹͷˡ
ǣڵݵǰʱЩӡǲҪˣٸӻҧġ
أɣëëģӦÿԱҧܶء
תһ鿴͵ëѼСӵ
Ҳֱ͡
ǣһҧë
ޡ
ܰתĶǸʲôۣСúĶóԡˡ
һҲ飬ֱӵָǰĹͷߡһľͷͷźúó԰
صЩͷһϣ֣ؾֱƷ˵ţ徲ˡ
ǣ±ƵĶڷ˺һӺһۡ
ۣ۸簡ۣ̫ίˣôôԵ
ϲֱҡͷ֪СӻôôҲӦСȡְ
Ǹ֮ôôأћָ˴֮⺢Ҳǳ侲ĲˡڻȻܲһ߶ַĴϲһθ̾˶Լ˹һıŷĥ
ǣ̾̾⺢ӶˣҲܰȥ¯
ϲ뷨֮꣬ġһ㡣룬Ҫȵϲʮ֮һа
һ̣ϲУһΰĿ꣬ǾǸԼıͽܡ
λʦĵҲࡣȻչ˺ǵʱ䣬ǱȶĽ޵µĹػࡣ
ǰ溢ǻСĽ޵Ҳö˵
ȻʱԽԽãҲͿʼѻԽԽࡣ
һصȻûǰӭԼﻹкǵĿĽ޵ȻסϣԼһ㣬ȻҲǹİźǡ˽ȻҪõİȻ˵ĽᾧҲΪǶռеע
ôüѵõĵһûȳԷ󣬱һ档
ѺǺú󣬻صǰԺȴһǳˣȳԷɡ
سʹ˸񣬾ȲҪ˵˵顣
룬˿棬үûأ
˹ٵˣһ㶼үʵĽ޵»ĺܣ˳ŴҲϰҪĳν
ȳԷɡˣôˣ⼸еֶӣ
һתעȫעںˡ



İ£Ϊ˺

ţ⼸Ҳ֪ǲǸʳԵĲеֶӣֿ˼ء
С˵ͷãֻϡҲЩġʵӵ˵С¶û⡣ϾѧųԸʳĺôвϡġ
Ϊĸףǲɱ˵ľǡ
ȵز֧˵Ǹ˰ʵһû˵ʵүһ˳Է󣬾ͽȥҲûء
Ŷ
һ侲ˡ
֪Сˡ
ؿǶ¸Ͻ˸˸Ͻ̧ߡ
ǶĻЩŵġ
СˡһǺġ
һֱСŶһжԵĻġǲԵģҲ
˵ԷһˣͿ϶һġô꣬˳æµʱҲһԷġ
ǽ죬Сһ˳ˣԹ棬ӵĿ飬ĺԲƣҲ飬Ĳġ
ָ߬ţ񲻰ĺܡСŵһԼ
ᣬ˻սҲûˣϾСں
ȻȥСſ϶Լʧġ
Ҫôأ
ǰСϰԵԼֺԼ
ڻҪȥҪȥֺ»̣֪롣
ָţ˺ð죬һҧݰɣǻǵýȥġ
ôѰ˼ţᲽȥ
䲢ûƣԼ˯˵ġô磿
Դ˳֮󣬼ÿ춼æµҹСţȻһ˳˻һôľ˯
Ϥʵ½齣һ£Ǵ§
һ§ţͱǿƷѹסǴ׺ĳͷҧϡ
˻
еʹҲֻû˻
Ҳ֪ƺŵģҧֲ֮˱š
ʹɣ
ʹ
治ʹ
һ£֪Ҫˡ
Ľ޵ĺܣݺҧĵط
ʹʹСţʹġ
һ£붮˵뷨ţֻǽĵĺʹһ˲䣬˳ͷԵļ
һҹܵı꣬˳֮йġ
ʵǿסˣһֱġɤķŹúΪĦŻڶµСȣĽ޵̾ҵĿǣ˵ô죿
СšҲҵġǣ㲻Ҿͻᡭܵġ
ôܣ
Ľ޵˷ˡ
Ҫ˵ܡһ£˵ˡ
Ĭɿ
ǣ֪Ҫô㣬֪Ҫô㿪ģҲ֪Ҫô㲻ôҪΪһЩ
ٿһ˶סԣھͺҺòãͺһΡ
㲻ǡˣ
ɵˡ
Сô޳İһܸߵӣôҪԼȥء
һغòãңڻģͺһΣ
ӦĽ޵¼ˣ쾶ֱͶס졣㲻壬Ҿҧ㣬ҧҡ
ɴۣҲУ
ΪʲôСſħĸо
ܺʱĽ޵»ɿ
գΪ˵ԸǺӣԼġеķʽȥˡ
ڶ죬ѵû׼ʱ𴲣غˣҲߺүķԸûȥ
Ľ޵𴲺󣬻ѴǴ͸ζɢЩŴȥԸ²Ҫȥʱ˵Ŀ崺磬ĺÿĴ˿ĶɵˡүԭǸĺÿˣôܿƵɵЦţ֪ôģеɵĶȴƵЩŲۡ
ϲĺһһ󣬱һǡֻºӣûƼǣֵͦġ
Ҫ֪ɵͽܣæտǣһһ
ʵˣҲտĺô
أ
һһʣظϽش
˻˯ܣҪ
ϲ۾һţҲãչ˺ȷʵͦģҿͰѺŲѣ¾ȥһذɡţЩСһǣҲ⻻˸»ġ
һҲѵվһϡ
ţȷʵǣ⺢ҲϲһЩİĵطȥǵĺԺǸϲġˣ⼸޴ߡ
ЩΪѣˡ
ûӦ飬ôͬⰡ
һ۾һбôʦ˵Ļˣ
Ҳٹ
Ҫ֪ƽʱֻҪλʦһѹȣǵ÷ЭԣСѾͷܷλϷү



İ£Ŭת

һ룬λСѾͷЭˡ˵ˣλүĸСӺõĺܣҲ̫ΪǵġҪһ㣬һԼǺλ˵еʦǽӴ
߳ȥֻΪ˳вĽĶҪ֪һʦλź£̬ȻϲǰǳĴڡ
һ㣬ò˵ʺϳġ
Ѿͷһ󣬻Ǹ˵ˣҪѺǴʦǵס󣬱ʰһЩǵĶ֮۵Ҫȥ
˭룬ϲĺһһ֡
ô鷳ֻźȥͺˡ
ǣ⼸λСڲһ࣬ǣʪ֮ѽ
˾ˣôϻӵľ
Ѿͷ֣һ۾һ˵ĻŵѾͷٶ໰СǾǰߡ
һߵӣѼСһ
˾ط֣ȻóһǺ̺׶ߣոµġ
ǱߵĻҪḻһߣѷŲٵСӵģһþĸеСǵ·
λʦ׼ĸСǵ·õģ
һαմŴСǹԺֹǹˣ
ʱò룺룬λʦҪСǰɡķˣҲ֪֪Լֻ̰˯һϺʱôͷʹ£᲻ܰ
ֶۡ˷˱ָͷŵôñеĻɢŽģŶó԰ۣҪҪԡ
ǺȶббСֲôҡҡλεģȻͳ˹ȥ
Ҫȥҡҡλ˷ǰܹȥĶǴסˡſǶһµҲСȣҡҡڰڵĳȥǰļûȵţǰˤˡ
ۡ
ۿ޳
ǰ
ȴһһͶ
һҲǰˡ
ʦ˼ǲҪܣСô
£Ƕʦ˼һС㣬ҲԹԶԭء
ίҭһ󣬷ûԼ
գֻԼţȻСϻǹߵҲСѼһҡҡλεġǣչ黹ѧԼеĵһ·
öˣԴƺ˼ƺΪʲôǽֱˣźøߵӡſڵϣƺе㰫СУǴ簡ôԱǰСء
ţվ̽һһ
ţһģûбǰСء
ߵĸоһЩ
ŴҲǰȥˣһ¶ɾɵˡ
۵ǰҲҪվǲһվˤڵء
һϲĶü
ӣһȺѧ·ġ
ϾһʶûɹĻܻӲˡ
СȻԵһģҲһһ̥һǣⲢǾͻһɳһѧ·˵еĺӷĻһЩеģҲһЩ
֮һӣӸͬ˵Ҳʵеʵ
ڣǿվˡ
Ȼû߶Զôľվ¿Ǻ˲
Ҫ֪ڼ¿еĺӣڴ˱ߵء
ҲԹ·
ʵǣе˼ҵӪûϣѧ·Ҳࡣ
ǼСǣү˸λʦֺóԵĸŲӪǲˣɾͲ̫˵Ĺȥ
ȵ˯ӰĸСүλʦߵ˵˺һ£Ҳû
ǳ࣬˼
Դ˺Ժϯ˳ǵĸɫһЩҵǲٹܹˡʵĽ޵Ҳжչ˺ǡģֻǾеľںǵϣ˱飬˵̫õ顣
Եģ֪ԼƻŮˡ
෴ģںүɳôȥҲԱˣȥ
һֱѾȫںǵϣգͻĺкլеͨĸһģûңֻкǣ
ȻΪĸףҲǲԵġǣһ˻Ҳûˣ̫õġʱ˻ǵýһԼȥһЩ顣£ʼչ˺ǿܻἫܡҲҪѧȥܡ
һ룬Ͳ˼źǣŬƽϢԼ˼֮顣



İһʮ£»

ӣȥؽҽҪһȥȥ
һûȥˣΪ˳ǼĴʼˣֻȥⲢԡ
ЩǵȥԿŲС
һ룬ӽ𣬾Ϳʼķºǡ
ǵͬʱҲǵѧ֡
Ȼһ˺ģֻԼпܣҲΣˡ
Щ㶡
ΪһԷͻȥСǣڣȴǲŲæģҪԼȥˡ
ţô
һƣŸϽתܡ
ҡͷߵ˻ѵһֻһ˵ʱôԹ˻ν
һﰮ̵ĸλСǣһԵˣ治˼Ƶء
бҪʦߵӵһ⸮棬ٽ̵һ˲С
뵽ŷ֣ԼкþòעһӦ񡣻ĺö顣
Ȼֻעںϣչǲʺġ
ΪĽ޵µŮˣҪܹ˵黹кܶࡣ
˰ӵĴźҲ˰ŷӦ
һƺ⣬൱صͷţǼҷˣǷԷȥ顣ΪһķˣҪȷʵǺܶࡣʦҲͿ࣬ôæ⼸Ƥɡ
Ʋ졣ãʦȫĴڰ
ǿ֪߳ȥж˴ǵɷ¼⻰˵ģԼܵģһΪѵӡǣǵհ
ûٴȥظϽת뿪ˣ̲סλʦĿķǡ
ڵĹģ֮ν׳ʮࡣЩʱɱ֮ҲԺ档
Щʳͺá
˳ǵʳɾγеĹģ
ɱ䣬רŴᣬŻӵĲֿҲС䣬䡣ÿһ඼°Ϲ
ɾ˳ǵʳǱһաʵЩʳˬڲ˵ЯҲ㡣
öóȥͿҲãӴҲաۣõ
ңЯʳ˶ġĳʳ˸ɰţ֮⣬һʳҲֻܹôĹ򡣾翾֮ĿļɵģҲֻԱô졣һ˵󣬼سˣҲ͵ĺܣҲ̫
Ϊ˳ǵʳһƹ󣬲ܺܿ˳ǵмѼ֮ģֻҪʱڳԲˣ͵ʳһ˳һ󾭼Դ֧˳ʳˡ
һĲ䣬רŵиɣгϣװϵĸ׷
Ƿֳ˼൹æšһҵ˳ǲٵİհƶñӣòٵΪ˳˷¡
Ϊ˳ǵİնϰԵİԼɫƷ
ҪԶŰ˳ǵɫӴϣˣͷǳһЩ̫źˣ˳ǵɫ̵̺涼ġ
ⶫɣǾԵİ˳ǵɫܲôɸ㰡ⷽԲû˲֪˳ʳҪģЩ̷˳ǱѡƷ֮һ㲻֪ɣ˳ǵķչǳԤϰ
Ϊ˳ˣڡ
Ϊ˳ǵˣҲԺʱض顣
վſڣոµĴţпռ䣬һĹ޽Ͳǰǿᣬݡ
ԺæµɱϰѪ˻һġ
ǰżһϮ˶
һζ˿һҿɵڹһЩؼȥԣþûЩģֲġ
ǣҪλʦǳһ㣬Ȼֵ㲻Т˳ء
ţСѾͷȫ
ͷһΪʳģ棬һֱץļϸеʳչʱǱҪʰġϾϻ룬ûҲû취飬ЩɶĶǼҲС
ڶУֻƷǵĻ̫һ㡣ʳаоʦ˵ʲôѼлҰֻҪȣؾʿڵĶ
ǼƷ֣ڵгļˣڵҲͶˡее˾Ѽӡ
⼦Ѽһ࣬ȻҲࡣǵڳ棬ѲꡣƫƫЩִŲ̫áһ˵һҾͲҪɢˡ忪ʼɢˣζ⵰û취ٳԡ
һʦ˵ǰһʱһЩһĵ



İһʮһ£СĲһ

ҰòľҰľңҲһЩʳ档
֮ҵİŵĵͲõˮһġòľһҪӵʲôˣʦ˵Ũ±ˮٰǻŲľһٴţ
أ˵ЩûУ
˵ģͷˡ
ߣȥǸҰ
ʦǳ޵ĵǸҲλ˸Ӻ棬Ҳ֪˵ǺηʥȻôࡣҪģǸŮˡ
˿ܶ飬Ҳ԰쵽ģ͡
ǰЩľңʼŨĲЩ±ʯϡĥٻŲľңֱһЩٷһ߶
ţʦ˵ҪʮҲŪԡ
Ǿ͵ţҲ֪ʲôģҰֻͦŹֵġ
ذѶźú󣬱ţȷᱻ֮ҧ֮󣬲ŷ뿪
صûİ̥ǹֲϰߵġ
̧ɽȥʱޱȵңװǵΪʦѡطȻƾǶİѺǽߣ뿴ҲǲϷˡ
ʱСһһ¡Ĺ˦С˹

ɴ۾컹Сôͻҡҡλεˡңٶȣеٹ
СߵĻЩ˼ͣסס
һĸԻವؾͷӳǰһѱС
ҵСﰡܸɣһӾͻ·ˡ
ϲʦȴߣֻСѾͷһôû

Ͻ̧ͷ㿴ϴŲ̫ȵǻǳŵĽŲԼһߣཱུĶСӣҲŰԼ
ôһӶˣһжǼ󣬿϶Ǽٵģ
۾е㲻š
һǵһۣһ˵Ѿͷ˵ҪģǴžͺãƫƫţں˰ɣţСߵĶҪһЩ
һſǶԼ
һͻԼģС߰
µѽԺҲ·ġ
ܰһ˫տڵ۾ҲҪڵĶࡣʱ⺢ӵ۾ֱëȻĸоֻһССĺô
һҲüһ⺢ӣʾ˰Ӵһ߶ȥ
λʦɫͦģҲ
أԽҲͬ˰ɣ
⣿
ϣǣı֣ȷʵǺ쳣ġһ㲻ҪӱܾͿԽġЩĿϲʦʦǵҪ˵ʲô
µøǣ𣬲һ𳤾õľסˡ

ظôôˣ⺢ӿźܽѽȻż̫ȺӡǣҲĺӡ
һĬĬϲʦҲξ֡
ðɣСе㲻۾š̫ˣ̶ֿĸоңʱ⺢ҲЩˡ
ܿǿĶҲŷֵġ
ʲô
Ӷˡ
ǰǾԲֿ۾Ѱ˿Ķ
ȻҲ֪ϲʦһƭ
ңСıҲԽܣʱգŤŤȥƺڱ˶ʱúںĵ۾
ǰһһܿ
ҲĪ¡ʵһǲ˽ġ̬еǻһЩ쳣ĹܡСúܲҵľһֹܡ⺢ӵ۾ֻҪһֱţ⿪Ҳд⡣ʱϸĲȻһ֮ʱһ֮ʱӦ֪
ЩʱĽ޵ҲǱǿи塣
ڳԲ֮ǰʵһֱſĥġ
ǵСҲҪ顣
ô⺢ôôĿѣ
޷ܣứ
Ҿ֪˵˻ϲʦֹһͷ
һʼ磬ûôءֻҪǷ۾ͲٱЩ֮ɧšһҲܿࡣֻ廹еһЩ죬Ҫһʱ䡣ЩҩбĶҲǲġ
ҪãκһӷֿԸ⡣
ǣΪ˺ӵĳδȻãҲСһԶ㲻ϹȥǸӣڼ￴⼸Сɡ
֪ô£һ˵⻰ʱƺܵ⡣



İһʮ£ʱֿ

ߣ϶ֻ֪ˣơϲʦߺߣһʲԸģ
ҪϤһЩôйĽ顣Ұ˼Ϊ޵ġִţⲻǳȫô
ܰԵĿʦ벻ϲʦĻһϷ
ޣűӿأȫҶӿϡ
ϲʦƺñĳ˿Ǽ˵飬¾
ȣλʦ⡭һ˻ϲȻʦŮɫ֮ĶǸưǸ˵˵ҼСôô
ʦǰǱô׳ɲ
ûɶرģСǿʱӵõһЩɱ䡣δֻҪ̫ùд⡣ȻЩҪҲֻ˵һЩԵ֡
Щеڴĸо
ƺҲûɶ¶
ˣѾͷԻȥˡ
ҲУźǻȥˡ
һۣͲúǾ˯
ǣҪ򰡡
ϵǲóԸʳСչҪ򴲵ء
ȥͻȥϻôԽԽࣿ
һͷһߣϲʦҡͷҶ˵ˣŮһˣͲǰôɰġڿ˰ɣСѾͷһ󣬲Ķ£䱿ˡҪģҲТ˳ʦ
ߣ׵ʦʲôܣ
ıĸо
գǻǱʦǶ
λʦߵĴӣǼ˶ѵصˣңҲҪһ̵һԼߵˣǺȰѺǷһ˵ʦԸǣĸ
λʦڴԺһС
һ֣СһѣСšһѡšǰʱС￩ЦɰһֵСְ§һϲǼ
ڶϲһˡ
ҵǾãǴҲССͣһ˿ֳĶˡ;˵ĳ侲󣬸ǲѽ
ССޣҪôʲô㵱Ϸءˮƽˡ޵ʱ򣬾͵ÿɰаģ
һ˵еˣϲٳǰĴôһСƺȷʵеɶΥ͸СתཱུĶ⺢Ǹ۵ġ
ǶҲɰôֺģϡ
ǺǣҪҿȻֵĿɰֵеªǼֵģҲô򣬻Ǽ԰
Сգ§ʦүĲһĿˮʦү̫˵ˣգϲʦү
ƵģҪϲˡ
ô§ŵûһǱһ佱ġ
ʹסСѾͷ佱ƨǣٳСҲȷʵһȺɰҲϡĴڡ
ϧСϲճǸһ
ͻȻúôƭСôһƭһ׼ء
ϲʦǺϲġ
ϲʦһһҲٶתְڵϣһˣ
һҹĽ޵´㿴ԼСվſڣһЦݵӭ
ִƺûˣ벻죬ĺһϲӭǰȥǿɻã
ʦǶ
ԭѹԼˡ
Ľ޵°Ц
ԺðλʦĸһЩһǾֵܶŰѺǴһҲиʱԼע⵽Լ
ǷǵúͺǼ裬ǲһֱעźǡûҵŻἱңҪ˵Ҳȷʵڰռİ棬ŷͬСɵ˽ġ
ֻӵŨŨģİһһģֻΪжİ顣
ˣҪ˵һ飬Ҫϲʦȥסһʱ䡣
ôˣ
ʳ⻰Ľ޵һӾʹסˡ
ôʵҲиоġ
Ǻӵ۾⼸ӣܸоܹءң㲻Ҷ̫áһˣȫֱܵĴڶŵĴ
ԼĺӣһαƵģȻ󱳷顣
˽Ļʵôİ
ʵǣǺ˲
֪ԣǣǻǿƲס
ʦ˵۾ҪȻҪ⡣ҲԸ⿴㵱һģǸ壬Ҫ֮ࡣ
ʦ˵ģĽ޵ȫ䡣
ܵĿѣڶ̡
ʱ򣬸
ʦǲẦģȥɡ



İһʮ£

Ҳġֻ뵽ҪֿһӣĻǲô
ңĺءǻͶһЩ顣ҲãҲաˣţ
һᵽѧͿˡ
ŲأģҲֻɩӡ
ᵽ壬Ժ
СģĽ޵ҡͷ籯أ˵ԼӲô;ŵɩӵأ
Цü۶չ治Թҡ˭Ҹ絽ҲΪдһءÿҲֻɩӴд䡣һӦµģ˵ǵţҲɩдġҴ簡ھ¶ԽԽҲδ
ǻϵһѵ˼ָģͱҪȻֻŵһͳߣǿͷȴĲ£ͬǼǺޣҲױڳ͢ϣ˵ֻҪȥǴ˻ġԺöʱѧܲȥϵһţǼ֮ġ
Ȼȥ͢ʱӲࡣϾ¶̫࣬ȥȻһʷǾֵòˡ
ҲǲףҲ⼸ˣʱǻȥҲʡһ㡣
úüءᵽ¶һӾͳĬˡ
Ϊ˴ƽ֣Ľ޵¸Ͻʣˣ廹ûô
ţҸЩʱܵ˲٣Щɩһֱڰæ塣˵һĹɡٲӣǵһֵЦء
ʵôҲ֪ǰﳯ͢ԱôЦԼҴɩӵġ
ɣǿͷ³˻£Ǹûƨ۵ĺӶ
˰ǵưȻȫǸһûУడ
ҵһӣͲӦھֵģڳˣΥ

ģأһ˸ôҲһԸ񡣡
ɩ⻰ĵԺһ㡣
Ҫ˵ɩһҲˡ
ǵļˣһȺ̵ġ
ɩмĵţšڣȴɩӻšңɩӻŴ硣
ɩҲ˵顣
Ŷ
һ˵ѧἰˮʵ治ֵһᣬѵʱġ
ֳҷˣҪôģ˭ҹߵѽ
Խˣھи磬ɩӵĿݣԾͶһֱô˵ϼҵĲͶ£Щʱ򣬱˻浱͵ģӣ˲ٵĺö
Ǿˣ첻˼ʵ£ңҲɵӣǲ̫ԵĿңɩҲʣԾͼȥҪ˵һĻð졣
˶ˣӻеԲǰţǮҪᶫϴɩӣֱӱɩ˸ɨسˡ
Ľ޵һҲǼġ
ԭǸ಻ɳӵˡȻ߹ݣôһֱһء壬ֿЩ¶ˮҲѹֻеֱӲŵ³
ţλԵĺܣϼҲеġھ棬ʵˣҲûٷŻ˵ǣ֮ġҶ˵һЩ˾ϵ顣˵˶Ұ⻹˵
Ľ޵´̾һ
ÿûһţڣҲôӸȾ˿Ǻã

вһ䡣
ҲᰮȻֻôķôҲְĸһЩŶԡţźѧˣűɣֻѧġһֱϼҸŴһѧûѧá㣬Ľݸ
ãǱڿ佱Լ˵ԼǸء
ֱŤ˸Ӱ
ˣ˼ҿ佱ĻôԼǰҪҲء
Ľ޵Ҳ֪ܣһ۰ͰͿ㰮佱СΪ㶼佱ġ
һǣһڣеС޵Ļɾ˵˳
ʵļˡ˳Ǿõ֤Ҳ̫⣬ΪʲôҪë֮е˽ˣֻеĵط֤㡣Ҳֻĵطõõķӡ
ԣ
˳ɨ
һ˷ܼĺǣȴǸʵˡ
ҵġ
ԭİƽʱ㶼˵ġ
ҧС䣬Щ
ȫӲվǶŪԼС֡
ֱѹġ



İһʮ£Ѫ

ٳʱĽ޵˶ˬɡ
Ȼôۣһص˾;ñڻˡ
ˮҲߡ
ǣӲһж˳ġ
˳Ƿչ׳ĵزҲ˲ܱĵ졣һ죬һ֧ͨ˴˳һׯ
Ǽ˾ͿɱǮƾ١
ȵ˳ǵ˵õϢʱһ˶ɱׯˡ
˻ǺӣǷģȫǿɱڵءֳһЩҲ̶õĻ档еĸ˱˸֡
ҲеԵǱ
󲿷ʧˡȻǱ°Ӷȥⶡһķɱģ˺ˡ
ҪɱһˣҪɱһ˰
˵ڵأűֵ֫Ůһˣɩӿ޵ȥ
˳ǵ˵ŮĴׯ¶ˣŸϽһŮˣҲˡŮ׼һң֫൱¡ֳֳ˲ֱӡ
˳ǵ˼סһУ˭ġ˳ǵİǣȫеĵطһĲ̽
ǣߵǣһڴ˼ׯ󣬾ȻοżϮׯһϮǼ˾ͿȥԴ˵ǿֲڡ
˳Ȼӿ˲٣ɱǶĽ޵ż˺
ʱЩʱɳȥⷬĺһﻤҲټڸׯʼ̽
ò˵һѵصˣһ֮УȷʵǺá
Ĺ򣬱ס˲ʮˡ
Ľ޵º˳ǹǶߵǣһˣƺһǺ֮⣬һˣԵ֮ⷬˡ
ެҲ˳ô
Ľ޵ȫ䡣
һֱûԹһ˵Ĵڡ
Դ˳ǷһҲõĪĺô
ǿԼժҩиɫĻ˳滻ԼҪĸʳΣвϵȵƷ
⼸Ĺһֱƽµġ
˭뵽һȺలµھӣȻڰһ˵ɱ¼
һ֮ˣѹɱ˵ô¡֮Իᱻ֮Ϊ裬ΪѪȵ󣬸ţͬѰ˵󡣡
Ľ޵µĸҲ˳Щסڴ˴𣬴ʱھԼ֪һЩӦ
ͬѰ˵󣿡
Ľ޵²⡣
еһЩ̫˽ˣҲɻ
ԵģһˣڻҰһطû㹻ʳˮԴֻܴ죬˼ң˵ûʳûˮԴҲܴʮʮ졣
ܰɣ
ûʳǿԴġûˮԴô
ԵģǿԳһǲҳԵĶ˵򼣬Ыӣ࣬ϵȵȡֲЩҲʶǵĸоܳԵĲܳԵģǶŪɿʳõġңҲ
һ£Ľ޵¾еΪʲô˵˺ܻ档ֻ˵ƽʱǽܵ̫ڲпᣬճУҲѧ˱ʶֿʳõĶңһЩжĶŪûж
һȺˣܱʶҲöԼѹǰ˵ˣʵǼˣˡҲǼµĴڣãǰһĹԱǰȷʵֻҪ˼һţӻؼȥ
̽һεϮһˡԩͷծǲΪһֵ壬Ͷ貿й⡣ǣַǴׯ貿䣬ҲҪѪծѪ
ЩѪҪ˵Ѫܻ塣Ȼ˳ǵʿڣ˳˵ϣҲᱻǴǰĵز
ǰλӣЩ֧ᡣ
ˣҲ²ⲻȺ貿ˣӦһȺתĲ䡣ʵ貿ȻеѪ֮ģ˺ЩܵҰޡǣ׺ĲҲ̫ࡣС֪һƬʮʮˣֻתĲˣŻѪȵĶԴࡣһģûô̵ġ
ת
Ľ޵ü˵һһô¡
䣬ŷһֽߵͼڡ
Ҳ˲һĴڣļ˵ľ䣬Ǽ֮ϵѡڲ棬ʥʥŮ֮ѡһһЩµʥʥŮǣͻһε𢾺ÿһ𢾺˵Ǽ̣ҲѪȵġ伫Լʮ֮˾ţֻʣΪӵߣŵԷֳ
ȵȣ˵ѪѹԼˣôֳȥ



İһʮ£Ұĵˣ

ҿ˵ˡǶԼˣһĲѪȡ
ʵ㿴˵ģһϮǵˣвǺˣĻ˶ͷ
ԣвˣǰˣôк˸һءһ˲ɱͬô
ǺǣѽЦЩʱǻǵͬԴӱ°ӵת֮һ˾Ҳǵͬǣתͬ˵һȺҰѪȣŷĻһȺΪĴڡ
Ľ޵µüšĸƺת˺а
Ŵ˵ƺа񰡣ѲתˣԼĻҲԼصһЩ󣿡
ϴرһֻҪ°ӵȥڴһʱ󣬾ͻŷͼĻһѪȵĶˣƽʱѪ⡣Ů˺֮Ҳϳԡ
ңǵͼĻƺſĵİڡģҲ̫˽⡣ֻ֪°ӹȥˣԼ׵ǰǸɱҲԥٵͿ
ֻҪץȥһ꣬Щ˾ͳ׵ıתԭʼˡңǰ˺£ȫǵˡ۲ǰץתı°ߣֻıܣԼѪĿڱģҲǵá
Ľ޵ȫ䡣
ֻãаѪȵļ塣ѹ֣˳ǵᶼԸһˡʵֲ䣬Ͳ
һ㣬ˣǲǴΪСңҲĲҲദĲáΪ°ֻ࣬°ǺˡֻҪʣ˵ĳŮˣĸģǶ°ӶȥѱΪԼˡ
Ľ޵ɫ΢䡣֪ô£ŹֵĲ䣬Ȼ뵽˵Ǹ׿塣
꣬ƺҲģκ˶
ңóģǿơ
ֻҲֻǱһ˹ơ
׿֮ԻЩֻҲһĪĸϵһҰĲҪ磿
з׿ˣͲѵ᲻ĸˡϾ˶׿ôſҲеܣһѪȿ¡
Ҫ˵һ˻ͼڣԭʼһЩȻȥƿһһֱǿһȻӴ
֪ˡҪ۵ôԸתˣǵ˱޹ɱһ°˲ٵĸ˺ӣǲȳ˳Ժ󻹻ᱻɧšһҰѱѪѪȣȻˣҲѪȣֻǸѪȣ̣ôҲ
䣬Ľ޵ơŵһֱ֮ӣһλĶŭˡ
һֱĽ޵±ֵĶºƽ׽˵ġ
ǽ죬˲ŷ֣ԭλŵˣҲŷͬѰŭ
ˣҪһٶ֮ǿɵúıһң⼸ͬˣȻµʱһԴҰһûѵǣǱӡ
Ҳ˽Ľ޵µƢԵģһٵĶ
һֱ˵Ҳֱӵĺܡ
ţ飬ŴȥŰɡ֮ã˳ǵһУҲǱҪ˽ĶࡣĶᣬ
һ֮࣬ҲǳѪ
ʵǣܰ貿Ұѱԭʼת˹Ժ˳֮ڣҲվס˽š
Ľ޵´չҪ뿪˳ǣԺһУ˼̳С
һѽεġ
˳ǵǰ;
뿪ĴְԱڵ˳Ĵɽ֮һչ
ˣλŴ˵ҰġǲС
Ľ޵Ϸ΢С˳ǲܹƽͽˣҲҪһЩҰĵˡôҰҲֻεʱǻµȨЩҰģҲֻܳɿաҲҰ뷨ˣ͵ģ˲Ͻ˼ȡ
˳̫Ҫ˲ˡֻҪ뷨ˣܾ£֪Ұģ뷨Ҳ¡Ļҵôһ˺Ϊء˳ڵһУͷչţʵģвٵľһЩҪȨɳˡԼһڰƿš
һУ뿪ʮʮֻҪһ仰ǻǲġ
ʱҪƿصģȨƣкܶ಻۵ģѰһЩľá



İһʮ£

˳ǵڵ֪һϮ󣬾Ȼ貿תԱһַҪ
ץǣĲΪˡ
תˣǺѹ˵İһȺҰˣһȺµĴڡһȫԭʼֵζ߹ĵطľήҲѡҪ˴ȳѰ
ɽүү˵ҾͲܸұܣСǱѩһα°ߵģҵð꣬ҲǰҰѱ
ʮһΪûڴ棬ӶӹһѡǣãС̵ˣɱıɱ°ӵı°ӡ
鲻Ū
ܵȺһͷɥġԴ֪°ɱת֮󣬱ڽҪɱȥһˣȫưˡ
ŴɽүүɽүүǾͲ𣬳֮˳ǵõĸı䣬Ҳ֮˳ǲľ档ȥҳ˰ɣ϶취ǰ˵ġҲȳǵˣɽүү
ɽүүʹ࿴꣬̾˿
ӰΪ˲ٵ顣ǣչ飬ҲֻһΪ˳ٵ飬Ǵ̣Ըתˣ²Сȥˣ޲ֻ£ʱһܴ̼ĴȥתˡǿǶ˳˸ʧùٲò˴һģֻΪǰĺùԱǡǿѰ
һӾˡ
ˣֻܴ˳ǵ˷¸ǣҪ̵Ļֻ
ôôԭҲвеôȻڵϣĳһֱӢ۰ģܵĴڡڣ˱°ˣҪҳҲС
ԭҲֻһͨķˡ
һ˲䣬ĸо
⺢Ӱ̫ˣǵĳôܸɣҲֻһ已̥¶Уǳô
ɽүү̾
ӣһҲ°Ӷȥ
ǣôءһȺ޷ǵҰʿת˰ǻأôȥء
һԼǿɰӣֻ¾ʹћ°ȥҲزˡ˵°ӶȥˣǱͬ˺תһģûҰԣֻɱıܡ
һµ壬һ˾;Ĳ䡣
һȺ˶˵°޲ߵʱ򣬴ӣ嶼񱼻
˰˰ǵĳ̫ܸˡȻǲŴˣһЩȥǵˡˣҲȥ貿䣬Ҫ˵Щˡ
̫ˡǵĳ˾ǰġȥ˵貿䣬̫װɡգһزô죿
Ҳ˵ģɽүүܻôȥء˳벻Ҳ°Щ貿ˣǸͲͨĴڡǽͷŰ
貿䣬ˣʵһֱ̫ƽദġ
˵ҪҪһߵ˹Ա֮ġ
Щ屾ŽᣬԱֻ£ƾŸɢӢ£ǵҰģԼֲĿūͳ¶ˡ
һȥǰһҰȼ
ɽүү˳ǾʧһǧͨڣҲȳϵһëҪĺáȥ˵İΣҲԸġ
Ϊֻгˣܸı䣬˳ǵ˷¸Ҳܣ˳ǵ˸ıڵ״̬ڳ˾Ȼȥַתˣⲻʲô
Ŵ˴˶ȥ
˵вǧˣ˳ǵ¾ɱսӪģҲвȥμַ̡֮
սӪˣ
˶ˡ
սӪˣ˳֮һģ˰˺޵Ⱥ
֮ԻޣΪǵ˳ǣǸǰһֻҪ°˳ǰա
ֻûļʵʩͱ˳ǵİǸ°ӻˡ
ᰮ
ҲΪһսǣ˳Ǵһʱ󣬾Ȼʵĸ죬ңÿһ顣
ڴˤˣһսҲܺİ˷ȥȥ֮ġ
˳ǵĸ죬н֮ģһ˸ǳ˴



İһʮ£ڰ

Ժŵ˵˳ǵĽ裬仯ҲսǷֲġǼˣȫǾ׳Ӷడ˳ǵһЩ˵ҲսӪ̸ֻ˵õɺ󣬱Գˡ
ԵģɽүүǴϢٶ˵սȻٶԸȥַһתļһ
Ǳߵ˵ģǶһ˵Ұо൱ҲǳŵǵʤԺ󣬾˳ǵһԱսȺ塣
ã˺ؽһսӪĺǣҲǺİǣչҲĵˣûûεļһ
˳飬ǣҲǶˡ
Եˣͬĺܡ
ս˳ǵģǣҲرǡ
Ȼ˶Ļĵġ
ǣȥգһǲġãҺʶһתڵһˣһ㽻顣ûеɽүүһתǱߵĲ䣿ҪǺˣһȥǼпȥ˳ġȻȥתڵһȲ䣬ǣˣҲɲԶġãпܾͻתˡʱᷢʲô飬Ҳ˵Ҳġ
ȫ˸ϽȰ˵㻹ĪҪȥˡ飬ȥȥ޻ء
Ҫȥ˶ȥҲµġг˵ıһ˳
ܼᶨгڵĵطϣ
ɽүүԳãȻŵĺӣοǸиš
˵Ǻη
ɽĺӣäĿݵ˵زҲȷʵءһ룬Ҳٶ˵ϻתȥԼصһҩһѵϳ
߰ɣӣǲѣһȥҴˡܰæǵĸ󰡡
ǣɽүү
˷ܴ֡
£үҲų
û˳Ǵ˼Ľ޵£·ٶĿ졣
᫲ƽɽУҲȵĸˡ
ˣǰתĲˣСһ㡣
ţȥܵĲ䡣ҲЩͻһֱǡ
ǡ
Ӧ󣬱ǰڰȥ
ڰʱء
棬߸˺Ͷͯʬ塣
峤һҪΪ޶ѩްǾǶȥժһ¶ҵȴ޶ʬ塣ժĿȵҲֻת˲ܸɵĳ
ôɥĲǲˣԺҲⲻǵѪȴѹ
һߵһһϵš
޶ת۾ͱʬ塣һ˵Ĳҡ
С˶ģǿȺ͸첲ĵطûˡôҵ״ĵһ˲䣬ѪͷҪһ˱ѩޡ
ֻǣҲ֪Լһ˲֮ƴ־òʵĺܡ
̾Уϵƣƺˡ
һһЩǲ˱תĴѹѪȿɱǶĺܡЩ꣬ǻԺһ㣬̫ǸˡڰĲ˼ˡ飬ҲĪκεĺء
һһ⻰Ȼ
һλǵǰһô
̾
ˡ
ûǰ֮ˡƫƫˣЩ귢չ׳Ҳ̫⡣
ǰЩ겿ȥΧһȺҰʱһȺǸˡһսۣʧ˲ʮ֮һ
ǧ˵Ĳ䣬һȥϰˡʧǲɹģҪ֪ʧ˿ǲ׳갡
º󣬲½˵һЩʱ֮ģŮٵȥ˲ˡ
ڲҪϱҲǹǺˡΪǲĹҲԽԽࡣ
£óȻȥΧתѪȵĲ䣬Ǻǣ˵Ҳ֪ô
ΪЩĹأòؿǡ
Ҷˣ ǵ̲ԣתЩĲбΪǺǣţжڰѪôûأ
üˡ
˵Ҳȥ
ǣĳ÷չء
գ̾˿ӣ֪ʹ࣬ȥɣȰĸúúˡǵʬ壬ǲˡȻתһˣֻʬҲһǵġ
ˣҺʧܾǲڡûпĵط˵˳Ը˻Ҿãڲţ磬ȥ洳һ
һһĻĻ˵
ߣ³һ󣬱Ťͷߡ
߳ȥԼֵڰǰ
磬
Ŵ飬Ļְ֪
磬ˣԽԽûսľģǲȥá
˵ȥȴһһס죬ǻؼ˵
Щ飬˵ˣԺˡ˲˶ġ˻˽ľӶࡣһ㣬ֵǺġŵ˲ڰߵĿԼҴ硣



İһʮ£е

磬ԽԽûоˣȥҲó¶ʱֻ˼תһ־군ˡôű˿ٵУ۲ȥͶ˳ǵĳˡ˵Ƕءȥ˳ǵĸׯͶһˣҲԵġ˵һˣͼȥͶˡȻǵֻϰˣȴһĴׯ˵ڸȱüвţûаȫҪǿࡣ
ϰգͼôǰǸǰȫĸоأҴɩֶǱ˼Ŀйͷˡƫƫ˻ֻȥ û취ȥ磬㵽֨һ
һһԼźӣ۾һ죬ڰļ
ɩӣֶĳҲ뱨ֻǣĹҲǶԵġǲǰʹ򲻹˼תˡʧôˣаȥսʱˣǲ䡭氡طжѣҲ֪ġҲȥͶĳǡ
ǣǵļңĵططȥ棬ã᲻ô
ڰͷ
ʵҲ˵˵
ҪȥͶĲ䣬Ҳܵġ
˶ԼĲ䣬ŷһĸ顣
ʵڹȥġ
Ҳ֪ǰ˵ǸȥͶ˳ǵĲ䣬ʵΪܼ䣬һֱڴǵ⡣
ûа취֮£ǲѡѡ񡣲˵ȷʵǹĲڲ̫µ˾ĵͬʱЩĶ⶯ʵǣ̫ȥˡ
ת˸ҶǲҲԡҲǲ˾Ͳᵥġ𣬸ҪʼתĲ䣬ȥ飬һ䵥ˣߣҲҪǳһ¸Ѫȵ
һһ˵һ˫۾Ⱦ˳Ѫ
ɱ޶ĳ𲻹죬ܲȥ
磬ңһ֣ӦǺࡣУ˵еĲһЩ֮ͿĨڶϣҲһС
һһ۾Ź⡣
ֵܣлˡ
Ҵɩҿɰֶء磬۲˵ЩĻ
ڰᵽԼֶ۾ҲźˡСӶɰ˰ÿһСһͻ޹ֺҪأҲСˡ
һ뵽ֶǲҵʬ壬Ͳʵĺܡ
һֵӴ˳û棬ٹע飬Ҳֻǳ̾һ
Ȼ֪Ƕֵʲôǣ֪أЩɲ
ǷйһֻһŻ𻹻ȼȥ
һ죬ֳ̾һҲԽáȥǲҲͦȥء
ϾҲζճɲð
ˣѽ

ʲôˣĵǰ㱨ķڵСӡ
˻˷ڵġ
ϾΣǵһ
ȣˣ˳ǵˣ˵˳ǵĳѽ
ĺһ¡
˵ɶ˵һ飿沿ˣ
ǰɲô˳ǵĳ˰ȻˣǺǣǲ䣬ǲҪתѽǿ˳ǵĳ˰źƯġ
۾һɣƯ˵СԽĻ˵ˡ
ȣңҲҲĴʰ˭۴СҲأ˿濡ء
ڹεͷ
Ҳû˼Ǵȥ
һȺԶԶԱʱסˡǵĺ棬һȺһѪսʿĴڡ
һȺ˳ǰ˲ڹ˵Ļġ
ǸΪ׵ǸУ˳ǵĳˡ
ɹɢϣţ˾һطϵĳˡ
ˡ
Ǻǣ˼ңðǰˡ
Ľ޵һʧ֣ȵǸ
᲻ᡣ
Ͻ֣λ˺ᣬ̬Ҳܺðһӡ󣬲ã˻ֵý
˫һĽ޵¾
һĿģΪɨתһѪȲ̵Ĳ䡣ǸҶǵĴׯѪϴǵȻܷŹ˳ǣԶ
˳ǣԶ
һȺʿǵŭ۾ˡ
ҲʱˡתЩ̫ˣֹֻԺ֧ȥġ
ǡʱͬõϢĸλ곤ϵĳǣҲʱ߳һȰ˵
˿λҲ֪ԶЩ걻ѹ̫ˣǶҪǰֻԶʱȷʵǲҵġڣ˳ŵһȺˣǡһԡ



İһʮ£

ǣǲҪȥæҪȫһת˴ԺͲٵˡһΣǲһԣǵƴˡ
Ϊ׵˼һȳ⣬˸Ͻǲ곤ˣҲǰһȻҲʮˣ⼸λȣҲǸӡ
Ϊǰλˣһλʮꡣ곤һλߴһٸ䡣
֪ˣһҲһЩҪİˡ
ǵģǱġ˵ͷ
滹ڣǴʿȥɣǣҲĸ˺ͺǡ
ǡ
˵ֽ꣬һЦ
ɴǲôأʵðҲǣȥźðǰԶȥȰ˵ǣǰһصӣԸ֡ڲһˣ˳һˣҲԸġһԵĲ䰢ײ䣬û̫ġֻҪǰѺﲿ˵ͨˣⰢײˣȻ͸ȥˡ
Ŀǰѵ˳ôȥײ
ɴ۾һ
⸽䣬ײ䣬кﲿ䣬Զ䣬Ϊһֱǵģֺѡ
һ˳ȥȰ˵һ˵֣пܰת˸ˡ
Ҫ֪ǰ˳ǣֻҪһҲǼпתİΪһֱû̸£žʹ⡣
˳˵
Ľ޵µһӭȥɴ˵⸽һֱûֳɹ顣
һֱҲͼҪһֵģǺźҪôΪҵ䲻⡣ҪôΪ˭ǰϾǰĻҲζΣշҲͼ˵һ򣬵֮ʱӶࡣϾһˣͼζźת׵ķѡôȻһ̸ֱУȴûгɹ
ᵽЩ飬ɴﻹǺźġ
֣Ҳ䵽۸˻ֻġ
ʵʵݳɹ޷Ǿһ֡˴ǵҪ̸׵źá
Ľ޵һļٿһͷᡣ
£һȺ˱תȥҰײˡ
ﲿǸˣֻҪ̸׵˱Ĳ䣬ﲿͲ⡣
䲿˲ڰôơĽ޵ºɴȥʱһ˾ȻĲԸˡ
ɴİײԽԽ԰ˡ
Ҳܹ˼ң˭Ƿչĺء
ŲԶĽ޵£ɴãһβܽ˳֣Ժֻ¾ûˡ
ˣײչͷ̫Ҫ𰡡
ŶչִͷҪ״ô
Ľ޵µһЦ߰ɣҲûҪٴˡ˴¼ǴײˣˣԺðײȥͷʹ顣
˵ɴﲻĿΪһСҲ̫ʵġ
ȵһת뿪󣬰ײ⼸߾ʹӰ˳
״ﰡһ˳ǵĳˣ̫ʰһЩǵʡ
״ڵһǰײڷչͷãңȻתżҲǲǴҲûġǲ䲻ڰˣ˼Ҷϡ£ǲ仹ԼչΪ
Ҳ̫ϵսС״ôһ˵Ҳͬˡ
һ˾Ȼ붯뿪ˡӿŻ
ǡʱսʿǰ㱨
뿪ˣҲЩ⣬û뵽һ뿪ô硣
ʲô
˵ľѳ֣ײԺ£һξͿԹۡ
һͷĪĺܡ
üü˳Ļʲô˼ôе
ú룡мλ˸󣬻һλվﰡ̣Ǻ顣ֻǣ ʱЩ̣ǱҪİתˡԲ̰˶ײϡ֮ǰбĲ䶥ţǻᰲȻ¡һ˼ڰһսˣﲿˣֻҲȥġʱֻʣһ˵תˣֻ»Ǻ۸ˡ˽ʱ̣תʱǲɾ׵ģ˼ΧٵĲ䰡
⡭ܰɣЩš
ܣת˿ɲǺˣһֱǶ۸ʱһжпӴ



İٶʮ£ĺ

ӾͲˣΪʲôôõĻǰȴҪܱҲŪģǻᰡתǸʲôĲ䣿ǾѪȲб˽µĴڣǲҪʲô
ҪƾЩʱתĽףһֱάȥǺǣǾΰ
ھ󣬰ջһǵľ
ȥ˳˵ʹŲһȥϡҲҪֳɵĲȥսİǣʱЩ飬㻹ǵȥһ뵽Щﳤ̾һ
ľӢģߣת˱ˣ⸽ĲҲǲʱתһЩ̣Ҳǵĵء
˳ôԶռĵΣطǻᱻռС
ǰ䲿ĴڣֻҪϼ꣬䷢չ
˳ߵĻųһ亹
԰һε棬ôû뵽أ飬˶ռˣԺǰ״ﲿĺôˣﲿôˣ
ﲿ˵ĵǸɴĺܣһ˳ţӦҪȥ¡һΣΪ²̫ɴģֻ£˳һ̫õӡ󡣡
⻰״ﰵ԰ûڣ̫һ㡣
ҲֻΧʱ򣬶ŬһˡȻ˳ôҲ̫á
Ľ޵˳ǵĳˡ
طֻóƣЩʱǻֻǸϺһĴڡȻʵ֤˼ҲϺǺΪĴڡ
˳ǵĵطǱӻı˱˳ǣ˵˸ߴĳǽ˸·̶вӿǴңСң֮˳ԽԽ
һеҲʱ䡣
ʱڣ԰һģò˵ʵɲܰ
һɹһĽ޵µԤϵУҲ˿ãһ黹˳ġһγҲ̫ܵõʱ䣬ȻʱҲ鷳顣֮ľǸ⣬У޶
һ뵽ӣĽ޵µü۾˲١Сӣ
ţҲһģǸģȴСӡ
ˣǰתİӵˡ
ǰļƻһǱȵѲߵ˳һ
תڣ˻һЩ顣
ͻȻмٵĽŲ
ˣˣѽɳȥ˵һҲû϶ǳء
˭ת鷳ΪȻǡ
ü˵һҲ
ǰˣһҲûл飬ԵĲء
һһҵ뿴ڸ
ߵ棬һѪҺƤֱ顣
ãĲˡ
Щ˹ˡ
ǰǵصıת˵˿
ȥвˣŮȫƵˡ
ˣټ˳ǴıתôѪȣ£֮ԡ
תûͶΪ˳Ͷ
ӲЩ͵ø
ת˲ŮףûԣֻʵҲѱˣ˳飬һֱºͣ˶ΪǲᷢġԣһҲĲ˿˳ԣǾǺԼԡ
ǰɽүүүûתĵ̣ŵһŨصѪζ
үү
ã¡
ɽүүԶı֪˳˺Ҳ˿ܻвٵĲڸصʬʱһɫ岻
һֱĶ˳ǸˣҲǸˡڣⳡƺһͳת˶𣬱ɼҲĴڡ
ɽүүΪʲô˾ͲŹٸأ
⣬ãЩǿɶ񣬵ǣŮͯӦ÷Źİɡ
ɽүүŵЩˣ㻹ЩԾѪȲ̵ġûǰѺǿɱô

ɽүүô˵Լɱ˺ӵģ
ӣ㻹̫ˣһˣǵĵڣһͼת˵ĵһͺֲܴڡԵˣҲͿĳ˭ġȥǰ棬Ǽϵˣ
ܹȥͷһֻЩ˲δβ롣
ɽүүЩԼ˿ɱģ



İٶʮһ£аŵϹͷ

ţ һµĲ䣬һЩˣҲǸ¶ˣҲЩѪȵˡЩˣҿǵɫҲôоǺܹܡ
ʬ巢һߣĽ޵Ҳǽŵϵʬ˼С
һߣǲ⡣
ˣкβ׵ĵط
㲻ãЩ˵壬Ұ׵Ĳǲȥô֣һˣ ʲôȡɾ˾ѪһǣָоҲ̫ˣ
Լⲻܡ
ˣĪҪˣе㲻ףǵ˳Ҳû˵ҪǵĺӺ͸һ˰ĺӺЩսĸˣȫԼˣҿĵطȫǿĶӵĵطֹŹֵĸо
̫˵Ĳ䣬ʬ壬ǱͿ˶Ǹֳ棬ʵ
ȫˡ
ߵʱĽ޵²Ķһ䡣
ܾãһ˵̫ܡ
𻯣˵Ҫࡣ
ʿǰճ˵ķԸЩʬȫ𻯡
ֻǣΪɫ̫ʿǲûע⵽ڲĳҵУʬڷǶ
ҹʱԶ
һѪɫ·ˣڼ̳ǰŹŹֵ赸
ֱŤ壬³һַ
ɡ
Զ⼸һֱ͵µĸүüɲ
ˣǳˣ
ߣһ֣һ֣ȻҲЩˡɶ񣬿ǸãһԼҪȥɾͲˡ
ǣˡүЦǸ˱Ͼ˳ǳˣֻ³͢ŭء
ôڰһƬطˣϸǲԸģָı뷨ˣˣҪõ£
ϸϽҡͷܰҾǸ̾ˣһ鷳ô
ǰѷˣһһ˲֪ôءϸҲ֪ԼǱӣǲİ
ŹͷӵֻɨһۣϵЦݣϸ̫ѨˡһŹֵˣôġֻǣֲòʵ¡
Ҳ֪ʱ氡ô꣬ϸҲǴ˿ʮء
ϸ
ȴĽŲ裬ȥа˵һطǶҲǲë֮أʺ㡣
ϸЦˣ⣬ǲȥˣҾͦõġ
ߵʱ򣬹ͷƳһۣˣôֻҪӾͺáȻͻΪ˿Ĵڡ
ϸЦŵһЦ
˿
һ뵽ԼЩ˿ŵĸϽ֡ȣЩ飬ңһǲҪĺáǸСĿ϶ᰲĴģͷһٸİɣ棬ɵöСԼ䰡
֪ͺá
ͷһٶ໰Щˣǻ࣬ҲԼʲôλ
ҪһȣԻŰɡ
һҹѺǺ˯ºܾ񲻰
Īķţʱ䣬Ľ޵³ȥҲвҶʮˣԴ˳֮ǼһżֿҲֻǷֿôʱ䡣ֱ϶ʮҵʱ̫ˡ
㲻Ҫ£ǣô;
֪ΪԼ̫ǣҵԵʡ
Ľ޵££Ҳ
ҧŴᷢġ
ʱԶڰײĽ޵£Ҳ񲻰ĺܡ˳ǵʿֻ¸һƺ󣬱ˣҪ׼ȥˡΪ̫ˣҹ뿪Ҫ뿪ˣĻ̵ĸоԽǿҡйġ
ܣ̫˰ɡ
Ȼ˵תҲаգǰûʱķ̫ࡣҲֻԼЩ󣬵˼ǹŵµġ
׼ϢʱȴͻȻ䷢Լһöз̵ļ
⣿
һöϲʦġ
ϲʦⷽŹ˵ĳЧңа֮ģҲŲ衣ΪĻϡ
Ľ޵ǲй֮˵ģڣĪľͷˣò
תĽ޵¿ײȥʱ״ɴԼ춼
ѵеʱ򣬴ʱҪôϷתĵ̡
еߵ״Ͻš
ˣ
Ľ޵£˶⡣
룬ڱĶŲ裬һ⡣
Ľ޵֣µ˵ԼȴŵλԽ˸Ͻ



İٶʮ£ǸĹ

֪Щ涼Լоֻһ䣬ǻˣô
ʲô
״ŵĲˣϿз̵󣿡
һߣɴҲĿҹģ س˲ǰġ֪ڿɻ
ҲչһΧ
ȵĽ޵°ŵȡһȥȫɫ䡣
ã⣬аְһöǸΪֻаֳ˵ˡֻҲ׷ɣϣ̫ƽ
Ľ޵ķŷִԭ̣ͨʱһɫ
沼ĺڵ㣬ľǰһЩһ̵õشĸı䡣
а
ǰֶã棿
ǡʱָŴЩֵָǣаǼΧˣ϶¾͵ķѲʱˡ
ȻţҡתӻͳһЩŹֵֽͱʡ
λҲʱְϵĶͳеڸԼָ
Ľ޵ʱľվҡ
ʿҲ֪ˣ
뵽üĶһεаҲƵĺܡ
Щˣ⡭ЩȻתˡҾ;йŹ֣Ǳ˿
ڴ򿪵ĴűߣһãȻģˣȴֱֱļһĽ޵ȫ䡣
ﻹ˰ȫ¶һĶѪģżΪֲһ˵ĳϮ
󣬲Һϡ
һĽ޵µüĸ߸ߵġаǣһ޽⡣
ڣλջǹصģȻһ㣬Ҳڹʱһ˿ձܶȥ
ֻĽ޵³ʹǣ⿴صıǣд󲿷ֶͿ̳ԡ
һֵǣûսϣȴа﷽档Ѫ۾һȺֵǣĽ޵³ճɻҴؼҡ
ڣʿĵطǵǰȻġ
飬ҲԭڣҪҵ
ֵǾ׵ȥ
ңǲԺ󻹲ᱻ˼ơ
ˣ˿ʵһʬ棬ٿȥˣǽս˿ûѪԣҲûԣΨһıܣսԭǲȴ֪һֹŹֵĳֳ֡ôΪЩ˵ڵģҲǾĿǰ²ӦЩǰͱһЩӣȻ鷢
ĽͣĽ޵΢硣
ǵ˼˵ֳǰµģ
֣߬
Ϊò뵽ԼСӡ
ĽҲһЩĳӡ
۳Щش˺ȴһֱƯգƤҲáڣûһˡ
ֲͬĳӣ֪ΪΣĽ޵»ǰ뵽һֳܾӣֻһЩһĹ
ֳӵƿߣʲôˣλ֪
ʱĽ޵ھãֳӣֻһƿصġ
ĽƵ꣬Ҳʦɵġ
֪ԳһĿƳɣҲǺڹˡڹ˾˵Ͳô߶Ϊ̫˽ڰԺڹҲľӶࡣ
ǿк˴
⡭
λ
ճصͷкڹĺ˴ڣֻ˵ǵĿ²Сڹˣһֱͼƿ硣ȻôһԸء
Ǹ˵˵ĺڹ飡
Ľ޵Ŷǣãһڹǳڴˡ
ˣ֪ĺڹʵһǿĹҡŷһЩŹֵĳΪڣƿسΪȤϤٵʱ˽ʮҺС䡣ԱǴﵽڵ˿Ҳֻ˿ڣںڹ˵ǲࡣ
ŶڹࣿĽ޵º档
ЩĵʿȻһЩŹֵĲ仹й˽⡣ǣҲóֹŹֵ۳֮ġ
ҵרһĽ޵»Ǻͬġ룬˶ľͱǴĺö˶ࡣ
ڹ˵ϲһЩƿˣ۵շҲһЩū۵˹Ը׳ƳΪǲڶʱƿ˶Ĺҡ飬òٵĹ߲ѡʱܶĹҶһ뷨ǰڹźá



İٶʮ£ֿɶ

ʱмҵˣɳһصС顣ĳԱ˵ΪĿģ뵽ڹ棬ȥоѧϰǵĶҵƽİ취
˵Щ˻ҵƽİ취
ɴ˵Ҳ߲ˣԾͶ˵һ㡣
Ľ޵֪һκЩһ𣬻֪Ҫأ˽͸һõġڵתĲ䣬ҲҪʱ䡣Ҫ̽ȻúڹҸȼǸܿµ顣
뵽ȥҲˡ
ǰϣʵֻҪоͻжԸİ취ǺڹΪţȻҲб˵ʱ
һЩڹ˵еһЩˣǵūͽ֮ġ
ʵģȴŲһĽɫ
һֱôƽڹ˵ĳؾϣգȷʵҵһƽİ취ĺڹôأֻźǣǸоһؾˣֻṩҩȴû˵ط
˵һλ˺ڹһλ棬һͻԵսֻǣ鰮飬ϸ˵ҲǸ˱˹ֻṩҩṩΪֹڹûв֪طҲˡ
İ
Ľ޵°Գ˼滹һЩİء
Ҫ˵ɣڹȻҲ˲бҲеˡǵİ飬˵ĺֱʣҲȡһ׼ĳˣͻһֱġ˵ڹĹ鱼ţҲû۳Ĵڡһ۳֮󣬾ͻĺԳ۳ӵˣǻᱻҲӰġνеþʧɡ
Ľ޵µͷʧ֪Ǹ
ڹ˾ıô
Ľ޵һʳԼɻ
˵ǳȥߵĺڹˣҲЩɾ˵ġΪǺڹĿ£ԵǴСӣкڹ˶ϣһŹġ
Ľ޵°˿
ڹȷʵǿ¡
˵ڹԭֱϵȷʵûˡҲҵЩǲǺڹһΪڹ˳ͷءԳһЦΪǺڹ˾ʹˡ
ּܾ󣬶źڹ˵Ӱӡ
ˣλϢһȥǱô¡
Ľ޵ɫ΢̧ͷǰתĵطȥ
ˣ淢һЩŹֵĶ
ŵط㱻ȥ
֣̿ƺû𾪵߳
Ŷʲô
ˣҲﲻ֮źܹŹ֣ȥ۰ɡ
˵ĺܣĽ޵¾͸ȥ
תᣬһЩͨӡ
ǵҶٵĺܡ
ȥĵط档Ǹͨĵؽѣȥȴ֣ⷢ쵽ԶȻмҡ
ڿĸɫ̾ߣԼһЩŹֵĶʱĽ޵Ҳü
⣿
һЩܹŹֵĹߣһЩõʬ塣ʬżᶯզһ˵ģֻôڶ
ϸᷢⲢʬڶһЩڶ
ԶһЩʬ壬ҲżȽ֮Ļᶯ
˿
Ľ޵½ЩӣȷЩӾǰһȺ˿ĳӡ
ˣطʬѻɽвٻǱˡһߡ
˵ţִĽ޵ڵһȥ
ƿţЩ͵򣬻֮ʱĽ޵סˡ
Щﻹǻŵģ
ǰһ̫ˡתˣôŪģ
תˣоһЩһĶãǵӣӦопܣһҰĲСתֻǱ˿Ƶһ䣬ôǼпܻĲߡһ˵Ұģ²С
ֻ˲䣬Ľ޵¾뵽ЩһЩ顣
һжֻǺڹһСأôǳǱ˻ô
һ룬Ҳˡ
ʬ壬гӣһʣµȫջˡһЩǷչȥ»ġ
ˣǻЩȫոɾġ
ҲЩһңԴӵ֪˲㱻Ҳųһ亹
˵İΣǳ⣬һҲûˡ
תĵټһĽ޵ȷз֣ʿ뿪
࣬һ죬ҲͶһЩ˳ǲŽĺһ㣬ԣĳ̶Ȼǲġ
ԽҵķȥĽ޵µľ;ԽƮ
һʱûСһ𣬻СһǣҲ֪ôˡһ뼸Сŵ˼˼



İٶʮ£Ӱ

˳ڣںϱϱϱһµСԡ
˳ǵĳʳҲˡΪƵıʰ취пɿڵζ˳Сͱط˼֪ҳΪѵõʳ
ǵˮҲоˣԹζȷʵǲһ˳ǵĵҲܱãεҲЩڿ棬Ҳ͵ĽԶ˵ˮ˻ӭһ㡣
ϱ㱨һж̬
Ϊ˵ĬĬһСǰ꣬ͰЩбӪתҵЩŮˡ
һ˳ǽȫĽ޵¾ͻ뿪˴ЩҲػύȥ
һһŵĽȫأ㽻εˣҲġңҲ˷Լһ⡣
䵽ʱҽһӰˡ
ΪҲ⼸궼ϱټһ£һĶ⼸
ڵĿ⴮ҲǼģĺ֮ñķǻһɳʳĲҲǼϲġҾƷֻԿĶһЩЩҰצмצҲܻӭҾǵƤô˷ѣչ鲻̫ãѰ˼ɣƤҲŪݽζģζҲء
ɨһϱò˵ȻҲвʮˣӻǼġĺôǲ˷ѣǻᴴ¡
ֻ棬ԲһЩʱе㵨С£һ㻹Ҫհ
ǵĳʳȫ۵ģ˳ǵЩĿǱǴˡһǾǲܹǶЩʳøһЩһĶø˼ס˳ǣҲҪ˳ǡ
ӿǰλˣҲ󰡡
ң֮ԻǼӼֻ»б뷨ҲһҲ͸¶һЩ˵ôΪµʱ򻹵ø
˸ôˣҲ뿪
ʱ˳ǵһУ
ĿǰƺҲоԾͰǴһͳһЩ¡˵£˳˵ɲͷһݵҫô
ΪԼҲΪŰ
ţ˵ǼõģûʲôõķǴҲοһ£
Ƿˡ
ϱһ˺Ȥ㼤˵Լһ滮Ĵ㡣
ʵֻǶʳҾöһеķչ̫õ顣Ҫóзչĸã͵һЩһЩĿġ磬кɫЩ꿪ĿջЩӭ߷˵鲻٣Ҳ˵˲ٳɫе֡
ҷģԶһЩУʵԼķ񣬻ɫ֮ġ
磬֪Ǹڵһ߳ǵĵطǹرĶ࣬һļĹӣ˵ûжϹΪԺȥ߳ǡ
Ǳߵ˼ҼһֲٵĹļд˳סĹӣС׬һЦ˵߳ǵˣ⸽Ǹԣ˼ҡ
İԵͷϱƺῴһЩ۽磬ʱȷʵǲֻһСĵطһеķչҪǰ
ϱóĽǸӵˡң
˵ǲһطسǵģǶŽأһļĻ֮ʿԼ֮ˣϲǶȥسطҲǱ޳ǻҪһط
֣һ˵Ҫһӵ˵ĵطһĶҵ֮ģȫҪ˸ͣӣÿ궼һˣͱҪطԼɫ˳ǣھȱĵطɫɫ
ϱҲڶû˵ĶԣһȷʵҪԼɫû뵽Щ꿪ĿջȻתĶܿءȻЩó£ǼõġЩʱѰˣջĺֹǽǮиģǵԼȵȡ
ΪǰЩ굨СңҲԲһЩԲ˳Ƿչʱ¡
ֻڵʱƴž档Ҳ㹻һʡԼõĶȹһꡣ
ֻȥ棬ϱſջ˼ңطɫĶ˳ǵɫˣǼҿջ˵Ҫءżʱ䰡Ȼڶˡÿ뵽ϱ͸̾ѡ
˹ȻҪץסģֻԲʣСһ㣬ʹһЩҵĺûᡣҪȥֻҲôõĻˡ



İٶʮ£ı

ϱ㿴˵Ķԣ˳ǣûʲôõĽ飬ǿ֮ģ
ϱı֣⸾ҰҲãǹҲա룬Ǻ˵ıֵġ
ţҪģԵģҵ뷨Ǵ̼˼ҾһЩʳ࿪һЩ˳ǵĳʳϾ˳ǲ˼سˣһļֳͺ͹
ҲڤỴַ̈ĴԵȵȡ
Ŀǰӵеģ֪˳ǵģҲЩԵġ
ȻΪʲôڳԵĶٶ࿪ҶһЩأ
취гʳʵΪġʱ򣬾֪˳Ҳûмʳ֮ġ
Ҫ˵طϵɫҲֽǮ㣬з˴˿ЩЩչᱻѧȥЩĶˣҲͲ˳ǵĵطɫ
ԣ£Ҫľôܸˣô֮󣬾Ҳ뿪ˡҾãҪڳʳȥӣȥ취
ϱ϶˵ꡣ
ȴ׿ϡ
ӵĽ鼫áӦ룬ôܴ̼˳ǵĻʽԷõĻӷʳһЩˮƽ磬һЩʳһЩһɫ΢ıһ²ϣһһЧôҲһЩ벻ĳʳ򡭡
Եģ˵ļǡ
ʵʳ޷ǾЩеҪȥ£еҪȥֻ֡ҪԸ⣬ٵĳʳҲǿŹâġ
һ飬ֳ˶˷
ҿҪ̼ҵĳʳҪȫþÿ꣬һʲôģ;һθʳƴǵĽó˵óѴ⽱Ҳó㽱óԵĽÿĽŹֵĴ⽱ȵȡҪȫҲ֪˳ǵĳʳܶܶࡣ˷顣ڳԵķ棬ҲǼϲġ
Ҫҿһ¾һĽΪáüһԼĽ鿴
˵ļǣٰ켸ĳʳÿһɿŪһЩȫ񶼿Բ룬ĸؿ̵ȵȡܰ˳ǵĳʳĸãԺ󻹿ôһŵطĳʳȥ棬ĳѲʳۡһֿ˳ǵζôһ׬Ǯ
ӻϲƲ䡣
һȺһᵽʳ˷ܲѵĸˣԺЦ
Ȼʳ֮һȤԳԴ˳ǣٽ˳ǵķչ뷨ȷʵǼãҲġֻǾʵʩþ滮λ
ҿλһ¾ʱɳһֽ棬ʳȴһµʱ䣬ֻҪĵģŴһҲ׼ˡıƶһ£Ҫȫ˳ǵ˶ܲ
ߣȥһ¾ķбĹ֮ġڽɶģҲҪŪ
ȫĻǱĿ϶ֿ࣬Դ̼˽μӵġнҲǱҪóġ¶ҪеĻҲǸ⣬ǵ룬Ҫô
ҪҪʽ
˳ǿṩأҲṩݵĻʽ֮ġǣ¶˭Ҳ飬ǵȡ֮֮ңڵ˳ҲǸʵĴڡаն֪˳ǳڵڳ˰Եģ֮ģЩʱ򷢴Щֳڽ˰ԵģҲû˰ġ
Ҳ˵ڵ˳ˣһտӡҲǲٰ֪ģ˳߳ȥľǿһ֮̿ģĿҲǳ
µȻҪǮˣҪôڳǮҲǸ⣬ܲǰ˻ҪǮɣһǣЩ˼Ҿֹǰˣ
μҲһʵʩ飬һο²гϢϾͷһҪһҪǮܽȥء
ҾñշǿʵʩģϾȡ֮֮ôǴһȥμӣ˭ӮһĿĽǾǸԵı¡ǿ԰ѲμһĿƽЩǮΪǰʮĽͳһʮĴǮôʹСķıһһ䵽λ
ӵ飬ЩͿһҲҪǺ˼ˡ
ûӵ˼Ҫʵμӵÿһıиͳơһٳʮ֮һʽʮĻ߰佱ʣµʮ֮ŵСʽߡ


İٶʮ£ӣ

ʵһҪȡãٰеõŵˣ
ǵģԶİ취Ͼһֱ취ǮһһöͭǮ˶ܲһǮҲٵġһʱμӻʤˣͿԵõһЩǵĽ
һöͭǮıãȷʵǲģȫʱ򻹿԰˳Ǹɫգб֮֯ƳȥǰιʢµˣͨԵģ˽⵽˳ǵķòЩ
ʵҲ뵽һ㡣ûһҲ뵽˺һĹЦݡ
뷨áԺЩǶҪгıߣѴС˾õģҾֻҪȥμӾͺá
Ǻǡ
ӵȫɵЦ
ܵõ˵Ŀ佱о̫ˡ
ҲŴһ֪ˣǵǱʵġ
һ˱æġ
ĿŴ⣬Щꡣ
Ǳ͵˸ʦǵԺеʱȥǡ
Ϊ̫Ľ޵,԰ӵ˼￪ᡣһˣֿż³̫̾һ
һߵˣԼҷį֪Ǻԭ
үȥҲжʮˣ˵ģôءЩŮҲúòϰߵġҪ֪ǰүҲʮҡһεĶʮо˺þһ
ˣү⼸ӦܻˡǰһֱûŻҲһЩϢȻ϶֧Ԯ֮ˡ
΢΢ͷţΪƼףֻǡûչǲĺšһ㲻˵Ҳġ
ܲѹֵգȥǡ
ʦǵĵطļġ
λʦҲչ˵ļãһҲҰѺǷʦߵԭ
Ҳգȥǰɡ
뵽ǣĲ԰һЩҲҪȥءȻһֱĺܡ
һ˲߳㿴ǰԺҿ
Ǹ糾͵˴Ȼ룬Ҳ㲣ǣڿʱһ˫ҫ۵ӣųڲסϲùâ
һ˲䣬ֻһ뷨Ӳô״̬ôÿǺá챻ɫջţһǶƲô죡
񡭡
Ľ޵¿ǰһһֱ˶һѽ뻳¸ţ˿ȷ˻ˡ
̧ͷָգĺ롣𣿡
ȵӣĽ޵ﴽҧĶ䣬Լĵط
ţķһˣҺ㡣
һ򵥵ĺ㣬ȴ۾ˡ
ǵĲϼѹţҲ㡣
Ǻǡ
ͷͷߺ˺Ҳ뿪ʱ򣬱ʱλñط˶
ҿޣҺúÿ㡣
ϡԼСӣĽ޵Цֳˡ
úã㿴ңб仯
ţе㣬кˡ
Ľ޵º룬ҪԲ˵һ
Ÿζأ㣬ǵ˵ġ
ʧˣ⻰Цˡ
ٺ٣Ҽ۹⣬ûžζô
С
ӣоǷֿ˺þá
ߣһеԺء
Ҫȥ˵ˡ
ӣˡĽ޵°§§Щûһ§Ż˶ֱĸо
ɻã
ãĽ
ҡҲء
˵ĽŲͣͷŴЦӣϲĸо
š
ߣ˵һЩǲ̫˼
ˣһ˳ȥôˣ
һ·糾͵ģҲûԣֱӾ͸һЩԵġ
һ߳ԣһһЩһֱ顣
Ľ޵ǰ滹ʵ˵ˡ棬Щü
鷢
貵۾ţĽ޵˿Ǵʵ̹׺ڹ¡
ܾãб⣬ֻǻûʵжˡ
ڹбҪȥһʦˡ
˵󲻴˵СҲС
Ͼĺڹ˰½˶췭ظǾʲôء
ʵҵĵһǣĽǺڹ
ȫһ
üǰˣǣǿЦڰɣ
Ըǰɣܾûô򵥵ġ
ֻϣһ롣أڵֳӣľʧôͬǳӣ˭֪ʲôأֻ뼫пܻʧȴĽ޵µľʹɵ



İٶʮ£Сʤ»

ǲҪֿ
յЩۣḲġɵϣôֿܷء
ţ˵˲롣Ӧġ
ˣһӦҾ͵øӣֵﴽٶչһ˲䣬Ľ޵··˻
ḧӡӣͷ⡣ǰҲһ仰˼ڶˡ㻹ˣҳͺǣʲôҲûСû㣬ҲС
㻹мˣôమŻųˡأֻһͷβһֱֻһ
˵ۣ۲ѡ
ԴǰޣҪ롣ǰµǰڡһ˺ôңкǣӻùġ
ţ㣬һаá
һаá
뵽˶ЦˣҸһ仰һһС
ãΪ㣬Աĸɫʡ
ҹһȥ˿ǡ
λʦȻ΢ֻ÷һֱۣˡ
ˣǶأӦøȥǣźˡ
ϲʦⲻͷӣĽ޵´Ĳ׿ԼСӣʦôŪǰ
ȣΪλʦţֻ͡Ҫ˵ɣλʦŶƮƮһ˵ӡأ˾ò˼š
˵顣
ϲʦĺһ˶ֵĺܡȻҲżбԹ˵ˣҲ˵Ļ֮ġתֻ˵ǵĺû
ôˣ
ϲʦĴȥ֮󣬵Ҳ˻ϲʦȴ˻˵СǱ߶и̺ţĲõˡΪ⵱ĳ˼֮⣬Ҳֻܱ졣
Ĵ󣬾ʹ˷ϲʦˣ֪ʦôġ
ʱϲʦ˵Ҫȥʱ⼸һţǵȥɢһɡ
棬⵱ľͷĵ°ۿôҲ̤ʵġ
Ľ޵Ҳ뷨
ӱʦɢʦˣôҲòζ
˻صҲ˼Сһ
ȵţȫþ
Ǹȥˮ
ۣӣûҪȥˮ
Ż˵ĽСӣʱȥ˺ü꣬˺ǵˣǰһȻţһͻᾪʧ롣
˵ɫ˼֡
ȣˮҲҪյģ๫ĪءߡֻǱţȫ
ֻǲһŲͱһקסһΣ˾ͱǽڡ˼еģ͸ſĺ
ӡ
˫ֱԺҲס
̧ͷʱ㱻ס
һҹֱҹ񽿽ģ˲һ̾Ź
Ů˽СָĽ޵ʳèһϵĿҧš
⼸ֻ£Ҫؾ˰ɣ
⣬˲̫Ըᡣ˳ǵķչԽԽ˳ˣؾǵ飬ֻҲҪԵġ
ʵ˼꣬ϰһءҪģָоǿһ·һѧ˵ٻܣ飬ɳӡֳɾ͸УҪԺķչǲؾǵ顣
ǻܴҰɡֻϣǲҪ̫飬Ȼ
Ͼһ
⼸£ĳɼ˻ϵӡ
һѧżŻǿĳ
Ľ޵ºѧͨţЩһֱϹǷھ棬йھǵһУȴ֪ġһļãÿμŵʱ򣬶дһѣжʮҳ
ÿνӵɩӵţҲԸлԼôһɩӡ
Ȼʱؾǵʱ򣬻ȥ˽⡣ɩӵţ۾˽ڵ״
ɩڻء
뵽壬ͻϲ
ŶѵðǳҲм˰ɣһοǻˡĸҲܸſء
ɲôˣпܻһؾǸϡСҲܶһ棬ţСһλؾҲᱻίˡʵС߲˸һЩġҲ֪ôģ
Сʵͦʺġ֮һ߿ٵסţǺСߵ̶ӷֲ
ǸҶ̶ӣ¡
ЩͳˣҲСߡȻĽ޵ºĻߡǷķĹˣȷʵһֱСɡһǲݰ겵ʵ⣬ҲܿСߵҵ츳ȷʵ˲õġ



İٶʮ£㲻ܵ

뷨ܴ͸˵ĶԣֻҪԻҳϾС
ţ
ʵҲֻҪҳϾͺáڱģ̫ࡣ
ʱ
Ͽй˳ǵָۣһֱߵ档
һߵ̫࿴ҲǰԾĲѡ
Ҫ֪ôõ˼ǣǼټġ
ϣ͵ĵģ
ˣϻ֡
ˣʵҲģһ
һ뵽Ǹˣַˡ
ˣʺأ
ʺ˯˰ɡ
ߣ޻ûϢأǺã͸һͷһġ
̫಻˵ˡ
Ϻͻʺʱùһӡ;֮һֱô治ǻӲӲమɱĵڣϵҲԽԽʺҲԽԽֻҪȥˣȳ
ÿֻҪۻ˴һ⵱̫µľͻĵһ
ǲԽԽˣȻʵ顣
̫ϽǣȨҲԽˣǺ󹬣Ҳ˸Ͻȥ
ǿ޵ĶǳˣҪվ˰ɣ
⡭㲻ϡ
бһ϶Խ˵ˡްԣǲϣҲѽ޵ĻʶǣôСʱŸͦɰġֻǳô;ûһÿأ
⣿
̫Ĩ
⻰Ҳ˵ǹŽһ˰Ϊֱ˵滰ĻҲΪˡ
޵ĳ͢һ׸˰
̫˺üġԭ׸ˣ뵱ǸܳˣҲѹֻϻˡķɣҲ⵱Ī
ϣ˳ǵĵطھ˵ѽ
ţȷʵǲ˵Ǹʢ˶Ƕȥȥ˵ˣڳƵһߺá̶ʱ䣬Ƕһˣŵڵǧ˿ڡʱ䰡ʣ͢˭ܰ쵽һ
̫Ŵ졣
ֻ֪˳ǵı仯ܴ󣬵Ǿôı仯治ϾһֱǺֱڿ̵ĲˣҲֻżһ䡣
£ڣҲаɡ˳ôƶǳ͢Ҳġ˳ǣôô˰
ǺǣɲǶô˵ڲ˶˳ǵĵضв˶ءǰҲǣЩܿ۰˵ȥ˳̵ĿˣĽݰͻ˽п졣˵ⶪ˲أ
̫࿴ŻһϷʿʵ˳˵Ҳ˼˵ķǵĺôôҲܳ˼һ佱ء
ţ꣬ĽݰҪعˣ޵úúѰ˼ĥһһʲôλˡ

̫೹׵Ĳ˵ˡʵֻ˳㣬ֻԹֹһɡ
СӣǱ飬ԽĿˣޱúõ飬ͷˡȥи˶Ҫһ·羰
̫Ͻת
ǲ÷ˣţãá
ڻϵһУĽ޵ǲġ߹أڵõϢĽƣһˡ
˵һ飿˵Ľ޵
ŵĿԶͶԼ˵ҪһѫֵĽݱ
ĽݱԼӡ
ôˣݸ᲻õģǸѾͷ
ĽƺԶôˣҲˡҲνĵ
˵ѾͷǲȻ޸Сţڵ˳ǵĳˡ˵Ҳдģû뵽֮˻𸴵һ죬㲻֪ڵѾͷҲǹһء
˵޸Ľ޵£˳ǣ
ĽȴûĽݱ˵ıĻ
ֱֻü۵Ŀ׷䡣
԰磬Ľ޵µ˳ʵҲͦģʱ˶Ѱ˼һĵطȥܾͻؾˡ˭뵽ϰ˸˳ʺĵطء
ԭҾ;òԣԭ˳ǣңʱ
Ľƺݺݱۣʹױȡ
ΪʲôôǶҲ֪ǻôʵ
֪˳ǣĽﻹס
תҲĽݱôֱŤͷߡĽݱšü
ЩھȻЩˣҲھûһĽı֣ȻĳԼλ绹ûӵǸѾͷӰ߳Ҳ˵ֵġ
濴ظǸֵšĽݼҵˣǻӵĴڣ뻹һˣǡ󰡡



İٶʮ£һļ

ĽݱҲãԼ˵˻
УҵȥȰȰⶼˡȢĽ˵Ĺ˼֪ʱǡ
ôһ룬ĽݱﻹҷɣᲽĽƵıӰ
ĸ磬лҪ˵
˵ɡĽЩɨһۡ
ǲǻǷŲǸѾͷ
ĽƲͷл˵
ȻѹЩǶ˵Ѿͷ顣
Ľ졣
Цû뵽ЩԼߴϢȫǼٵġ
˵ʲôѾͷںԺԹ˼أ˼Ҷˣ˺ӡҲǴģôѾͷᱻϢء
ĽݼҵҲʵ
ߵĴæºҲһ˽뻹ǱﰵоţһֱżٵϢ
ʱĽô벻һʵĸΪءϾҲЩơĸףȷʵġ
㲻
ĽƱĻظĽݱü
磬ҲͬΪһѾͷŪǰҲҪǸôƯҲֻһѾͷѡڿȢ˽˵ǧǶãý֪ˣʱ򣿡
ѣĽҲһɨһ죬ҵ£ġ
㡭磬Ҹ磬֪ġ飬治ǵ˽ˣҵҲ̹ʱǸ벻ߵѧһϿ϶վߵġ
ѧ
ٶѧ
ĽƳĬˡ
Ҫ˵ˣ⼸Ҳǳжšֻ֪ºڳ͢ײϡȥǵ˻󣬶ἰ
ֻôҲû뵽Ǹȴĸ硣
벻ôı仯ҵϢȻˡ
ĸ磬Ǹ治ֻܶһѾͷߵĹϵҲǲСġ֪ѧȢ˭ǿʺҲķ尡
ŮûʺϲھǸƢĺܡĸ磬֮˵ȢŸǱˡһͷһһɵһС㡣ǵҲǼҹĿ࿴ġһӣһҽ˵õ浱ͽܡ֮ɣһӣƿǴҽĶȫµĸҽݣǷѼҵӰš
ЩʱĽݱǼǲˡ˼ҷѼһŹȣǼɶǷѼҵǼ˴µҽнϵһˣ㹻ɨǵġ
ңϲ˭ûʹ۵ġ
һ¶ĸȥһշѵءʱҲΪѵĹϵҲȥѼˡ
ѼǮȨҪģǮˣֻÿ궼󲿷ֵǮʼˡһܶǲôѵľǻʼҵҡǮȻΪʲôտñӣһֱȵĴڷѼͷϡ
ܺã൱áĽƶһζĻᲽǰߡ
ʱ䣬ĽݱĽƻʵĴţҲͲǣңЩ顣һֻԼ̫˰ɡ
ֻǲúĽȴغһƹȥ˷˵
ǧ򳤾̫ƴˣֽ˷˵ĻҲҪȥӣҪһˣĻȥĻ
ϢĽݱȫ䡣ԤУƹһ߶ֻ˳ҲԶ
ֵܣƹغ˳ǼԶԶ
Զһʱɣ־룬ҾûС
һͿԵ
Ľݱŵһ顣
ֵܣҿȥ˳ǰɡ˵ҪչһʲôʳӴιǸ˼ı˵˺öĳʳ
ֹ˵˳ǵķˣĺšǰԣ˺Ӻ˾ͳ˵òӴ
Ǹһ
˲⣬жг¸ô
ھУ˶ó˼Ǽġ
Ͼл͸ž˵ƣŮˣǵҲǼˡȻһǳ˼Ȼһ㣬ֳŵʣһСұǱȲ˵ġ
ھУ˶Ϊ޵ı׼
ǺǣǸֵܽġûܱȵϵġôǲ֪ûг¸ÿǺǣǾأ
˵ͦģû˵ġĽݱȴ۾һתתĥĽȥ˷ˣԵľȥǳѾͷʱǶһԼɩӰɡôһ룬ĽݱͽŸͷ˼ĸǰա
Ҳһգ֣ⷢ˼Ůˣȷʵ뾩ǵЩǲһ
ϣһʡĻҲȡ
ǣһһܰڻĽݱûӴˣ˲ͳԲѡ˼ܵľֲ˵ģԼŪڹƵеĸо



İʮ£ԽԽҰ

ңĽƲУĽݱҲֵܣʱҲиоһЩ
ǻһ뷨һԸŰһϲŰһļϣϵҲͱԽĲһ
ʱԴӵһ˷ƹغĽƾͳĬ
ˣǲ鵽һˣǰĵطǵɽƺЩһ
ĸڻ㱨һ˽⵽
Ľȴڰ˵һȺûпշΪҵ˽˱
۾Բˣ㣬㡭
ճԼıҪ췴Ľ𣿡ˣ԰
Щ飬ΪЩ飬ΪˣҲһ˵
ĽƷü
ĺܷҡ
֪ҪٻǸѾͷֻ·ǵǿֶβɣǣֲģŻԼһ˵ߡԼ
˿Ľ¶ģҪȥ˳һ˵ġ
ȥȥ
㣬㲻ô˻Ҫ·ȥԶɣ
ôҪҹ·ֻôơ
ҹ·൱࣬һҹ㲲˵һ׳¡Ͼҹɽʱ
úһߴ鱨йǵ飬ȫϸ
Ǵˡ
ԼηĴˣǺܵģҪշΪԼֵܡȻ飬˭ء
뿪ʱĽƻˣöһһߵĶ
һ˾Ӷ࣬ǣˣʵҲһﲻڵϣһ˲̫ġ
Ҳ಻סӣĽҹ˳ǵķȥ
ÿһߵҹΪ˼һһСöʱΪԵʣһܻصӪôƴԼôĺݣһվǰԼһ죬Ҳǿô
ǣǸѾͷȴĵĳˡ
ѾͷұҳףҪ㸶۵ġ
һ뵽ԼǰСһѾͷĽƾͺ޵
һҪͷȻһôʵȥ
˳ǣһһȥ˳ʳĵطϺ˷˵Ľ飬ȥ˳Ŀջһ
Ǿ¥ĻǣȫҪȥμӱءо¥ĻǣҲڿӣҪŬĿԼɫСԣв֮ġ˵Щ̼ȷʵǴ³ԷġȥǶĻôŪģǺǣǺݳһЩ»ҿųţҲúǹŹ֡
˵ĺ棬⼸һҾȥ
ҲǻˣЩЦҲ͸ҿ˵ϾȤšȥҵĲ˰ûǮӴ
ӴӴǻ˵ЩȥǾ⼸Ҳմ˷˵Ĺˣˣˡ
ϱҲЦӯӯȤţӴӴɸãѵҲȥԷء˵꣬ĸ첲ǲ֪һﵱ꿪ҵʱ򣬾ǳһЩûˮķˡºһٷҲûǡȥԣմ˷Ĺ⣬ȻһٷҲǵòųԵġ
ҵҲǺݺݵͷԵĶԵģȫմ˷˵Ĺء
ϱʵϵĲһ䡣Ҳ˵ЩʱǻȥС˼Һݳ˼̨ġֻĺóԵһֱԸóо˵кþƣҲԸó˷һȥһҪһǼҵĺþư˵С˼ҵİƣҪóİɣ
ᵽƣӵĺܡ
٣ȥȻˡ
ĺܣӴιǼһԼľأѹҿջԽԼƾˮء
˰ҲǵҪջ¥ԭ򰡡Ҽʵˮģֻ˳ǵĵضɣоƣҲ̫۵ġԾûˡ˳ˣ˳ǾͼϱУҪѾЩŪǺǣû˵ǲݡ
ҵļЦĲС
С˽ϧȫմŷ˵ĹⰡ
һЩ˹˼СôģǻһӣѲɣҪС˿˿ǵľˮ֮Ĳ⣿
⼸һЦأⲻǿЦô
֪ͺáߣҲһ
þû˵ķԼˣңƽʱҲͦæġҲ˳ǵһ䣬ӲźùһЩÿҲ١һѵþ˵ӣĲࡣԴҲǺһӿñ¥ȥ
ǵʱǸҹˣڿջк˯˾ȥǸѾͷѵ



İʮһ£ݺݽѵ

İʮһ£ݺݽѵ
ȵĽ˯ѹɫûкڡ
ˣȴ֪ҪΰźãʱĽƣȻֲ֪ĸо
һǸѾͷֿģ־ÿɶĺܡǱԼ
֪뿪ΪʲôƫƫҪ
뵽ĵĺҲԽˡ
Ҳ֪ȥðȻˣֻ¼ˣ෴ᱻԱӣ׼һȥһ
Ҫ˵Ķ򣿡ǻһľ״Ľʶˣ￩һ£ƺҴˡӦƣֻ»Сһ㡣ɫһ߰£Ҫһֻǣŵ˵ˣҪԽУԱӲŲòһ
İԺһ£ȥһ¡
ƻǾģû˵¥µĺԺǳڵĵط
תĽһֱ׷ƵߡƾŶֱܸоƺϤ뵽ǰһʱΪ˼һ仰ǵ˳˶ԡ
ĽưԴ˸䡣ȻǴˣû뵽ѾͷġǴһҲᱻ˵ɵ˿
˿ĽƵûҶֻǣԺȥʱüԺ¹ء
ôһѰ˼ﻹסߵ˶Ŀͷ
һŵĿͷûס˵ķ䣬ǳ͸ġסһ䣬ٽֵĵضΪ뿴˳ǵĸֱ仯ʱ˵Ҫһٽֵᡣ
ߵԺ棬񴩹ǰԣһŵĸʱ¸˺üٿĽȻһ۾֪ǸϷ΢޹ĸˣǸѾͷ
ˣӦˡ
һһĹҵİɡ
Σ֪ͲǴְɺãͶССһ
˵ԽԽˡͶСͶŸСǱķ棬ɲô
أһѡ
òȾƵˣôһͨҲˡ
ǰȥ
طİѼԹСѵÿôɢģҲֻܱš
¥ϵĽƣһѵãﻹƵס
һˣֱ˺Ժ
¥ĸ߶ȣһ㲻Ṧ˵ǸѶȡǶ˵һ߶Ȳѡ
ػ߶ͻȻһʹﰵһãȴĵڵҲá
Ϥˮ죬ĽƵļС
ǸѾͷʱ桭
ϵȹתӭһ˫⣬ԼһϤס˲䣬ӦҪС
Ѿͷҽ˿ôʰ㡣
˲๵вŵȫ̱ס򲻵ֻεĿĶħ棬˷ӡǵǰһƺǷЩܻ᲻ĸֳ
ΪЩƬΣܻẦ£Ҳ᲻Խĵġ
Ѿͷ͵͵ĳףţ
§Ž壬ĽƵϢЩȡ
Ůˣħϣλصʱ򣬶ֻǣѾͷȴûûε£ұļˡһ뵽Ľҧ
˻
ʹᶼǣ񣬱ҧļ򴦣ֻޱȡܵŤ壬ȴ˵ϢԽȡһûٶΪֻ˸ӵķ
°ӵ˺ĽҲûͣ
룬԰ŪΣֱװڴ棬žֱǡ
ŲŽĻҲھȥڴ飬Գŵʿ֪ĳˣĵ˳ȥ
ȵϱ鲻ʱˣȴֻҵ˱κء
ϽϽүȷˣ˱°ˡ
Ӽŵȫ䡣
⡭
ǣͷѰĽҲҲ䡣
Ҳ˵ʧˡ
ˣʧˣ
ӰҧͷŵĸϽȥ
ʧˣ
æµйĽ޵ŷʧˣɫ䡣
Ըȥѳ̲ϸгȥ˶Ҫ顣Ը꣬תջĵط
ƳȵĳˣʱĻҵ㡣֪ˣҪԼȥȡʱǻˣҲľôܳ侲ȥҵһʧٵ
ˣǵʱԾƣ˵Ҫȥһ£ûȥ

Ľ޵վǶţ߶ڿͷķ
¥⼸סʲôĿˣ
ϱһĿͷķһӾˡ
ѵס¥ϵĿ˸ɵģ
طǺԺĵطҲԺܿģ˿ͷˣˡ



İʮ£ǰҵ

İʮ£ǰҵ
סŵһϲֱĿ̣ˣҸҸ
ͷȥС˵ǸŹֵĿʵ顣ٽ֪ĳ˱°ӶȥϢĻ֪ԭίء
Ǻ£˵ﴦĽ޵ͷʹ
ǣˣǽһλ˽󣬾͸һӣҪС˵ϢС˵ʱܾ裬ҪҳΪ£˵ҪһֻǱҪԽ˵вССģС֪ϰͷںԺԾͽȥϰ˵һ
һᣬҲǣһ¶ɵʱȵĸˣûͺҴ⣬⣬֪飬ᡭ
ɫҰףҡҡ׹鷢ʧյ侲
֪鷢ôҲ߾谡ڿɺãȻģǷã£ѾδôңôãһƬȴѷŪˣһ£ıˡĽ޵ǰˣҰɣС˲ӦԾƣңҸӦò˰㱨˾ˡһҵĹҵĴ
Ľ޵֣
ȥ
һָСǸʲôģ
һ뵽ĽƵģ֪ΪΣһ뵽ģп°ˣ;Ǹ˲ɡ
ৼʣĽ޵°ĽƵģڻ档Ȼȥ˺ü꣬ǵĽƳȥʱҲǶ˵ģЩֻ꣬Ҫǹֹݣܴġ
ǻɵ˲䣬Сͼг
ԵģԵģȻĺ룬һϵĳˣҪģһ밡СľԲϴġ
ĽıžһϡһߣӼŵĲᡣ
ʧˡ
ɼǵ˸ɵģҲ֪ĸɱҪѷ°ˣôãڡ
Ľ޵תҲûļԸ˱飬ĵطȥ
˳ǻһһֱű飬浶ʵǹĸµʱ򣬲ࡣֻǽ죬Ҫõˡ
װڿڴ棬ֱһĽƽӣ΢һ㡣
ֻǣŵȵСѾͷʱ򣬻ϷαӦһڣӦҲԸ⡣
տڵƽǸһˣüþò
Ľס
ЦˣţȷǺþòˣ벻ǻķʽѽЩҡ
üǰĽȻˣҲ§һ׽ǣҲֻӼʩ׽˵¶ǵı׻ǲС
үзңкӵˣǰѾͷݣүأĪ˵ЩеûĻֻĹһЩ
Ľɫһ䣬СѾͷ㳤ѽ걾ү˵˵ģңҵģ
꣬˿ˣҲƽϣһߣǸˣкʲôģԺĪˡңܸģһ㡣ֻҪԹʲôΪ
ҡͷһ̧°Ͳ̬ȡ
ĹӣˣһʼѾͷûӦʲôκγŵ෴ģͷβҲ˵ϲ㡣ģеֻǾүҵĺǡĹˣĪҪǿоźá
ǿҶĸ飿
ĽƵﷺųЦǳ˺
ȫ죬ٿǣĮȻ̬ȣȴһ˵ͷβûǰмĸоĽƸܵе˺ͼ˵ǰĹҪôľ룬ֿǰһĴ׽
ʵ̫ˣô뵽ֿءʱ϶ѡ񣬶ֱӰ
֪Щж㣬ĶˡеΪһʱôҲҾûһĸоʵϣҲںңҵǲǣ˵ҵˣһֱܳĬ˵ںңҵģԲԣںңϲңΪʲôҪҴأҲںĹȥһҲġֻҪһһúùӣҪޣҸ㡣Ҫ£ҲΪȥֻһ𡣡
һ̣е𣬸߰ڴʱȻк黰Ľƴ֪黰Ҳ˵˵ںڵ۾ЩȻȻľ˵˳



İʮ£ΪʲôԸ

İʮ£ΪʲôԸ
үһʹԸ𣿡
ɫҲЩ⡣
ĽƿܵЩ
ѵ㻹ϲߵһקס֣ѲɣһһѾõĽ޵£ʲôһʱضҪˣƾʲôռ㣿
һƻӿ֣үĽ޵ҵķҵģҲõˡϣûκһ˱ɫҲûκһˣȡүֻҪԸ⣬ҲҵǸŮˣѾͷˡ
ˣ˵ҵŮǣֻҪĽƿϵ˺ͶûӵĹġСʱү㡣
ı۾о˹ͨ
죬ȴҪק
ҾԲС
޲ȻŶˣߵֽڿУһʱ䲻֪»ջء
ģˣĽŭǿקҵҪ
Ҫһһֱеĺ촽
ŮȴɫһһЦ
ҪҪ
°͵ʱˣѪǼ⵶һʹ
Ľˣǣȴµµķ
ôôôɵ䲻㣬ô
ȫĹžȴֶǿԼŮһ㻹֮Ҳޡ
ģȴҲֻܷ֡
ãã㣬ž룬һɺãûԹô֪һأ
䱸ǿӲġ˭ӲģΨֻҪôҲݲ
ΣֺԼ㲻Ľ
㲻Ҫ˺ԼôҲɺáֻҪúõģֻҪС
գ˵ͷĻӦĽƻϲ񣬡лл
ĪģЩᡣ
ʵοءͿһõģΪʲôҪǰһ°
ͷĵһ㲨
ĽƣЩҲˡ
СҲ֮ꡣ
ʱĽƶŰӶ࣬ҲΪżĺãİ
һֱĶǶ£ʵΪԼĸá
ҲʵһģԼˡֻںģΪԼ˵ˣŻۣ⡣Եˣһֱþá
Ȩ˼ҵѾͷǸ飬ҲֻһЩõĳѡ
뵽Щ㱡
Сţôأ
кǣ
ԽǺǷֿԽǡ
Ҳʱ϶Сźͺǡ
ֻǣˣļϵˡ
Ľƣûи飬ǾֻӲġҪģôܴӳȥ
̾һԵҲ
Ľûͣιǰ׼õһЩ巢ҩͣһ·ƹȥ
󣬷ԼһʱܲҲģŬš
ǿҧԲеԵʣĽƲûٶֶţһԿ
ӱ°ˣһǰУĽ޵ǿҲݵҵϲʦһ֮󣬾ֻ˳ǺϢ
ʱҲֻܼϣһԱ
ǰ֪һһЩ֣ܲ鷳ҲǾԲ鷳ġ³Ľ޵Ҳ˲Եһ˵һֱӰ˳ȥ
ÿ쿴żӣĽ޵絶ʡһ
Ȼʧˣ㻹ǵͦסȻʱҪˡ
ĽƵͷҲ֪ܼ꣬ǣ˭ףȴѡԴ°ӺҲղˡ
һ۾ֱĽĻ档
һ죬죬졭
ιȥ˿ʮ죬Ľ޵˶ݵһƤֻʮͣȴʮһǶϲʦҲ˼
һȽϴҡҡ׹ģǷԸ˰
Сѧģǿɰʱ򡣿һӣ§Ľл
һ㣬СģžͻѵСʱһ˫տڵ۾ܰڻ
ÿĽ޵ҪԷ˯ʲôģһԼŮӣֹԹԶ롣
ǻСܵ¡ңž񣬵ʱȥӻ
ڣúһ˱̽Ľƹһ߽ˡ
һҲǲֻǰѶһߣ˾ԼͶˡ
ֵľһȺˣûĽƺƹصĹԱѺȰǷ±󣬾ͱٸĽƵ˷ˡһüǲֹ
ϲʦЦкκֵģЩ˾ҪԼĿȣʵأǵòȻ



İʮ£

İʮ£
һĽҰأĽ޵ڳĬȴĲ²⡣
һϲʦüܰɣ췴
ЩķչǲϰȻҲһЩ˺˵Ҳǲġ
ʶʱ췴ֻ²õô
ǻλ˼Ľƣڷܶһжʧ£ֻ»һЩ뷨·һЩа·أ
Ľ޵±Ĳ²⣬һڵվ
ȥ˺һŵͷûҵΪ˵ļġϾЩ鲻Գǻλ˼Ľƣа˶ʧ£ֻƫ뷨һݻõġ
˶˸ĽԺһöµըһĴڡ
ҪҵĽƵ䡣
˵ϹҸôҲûҵǲԽԽˣô겻ߣӶʲô˰ɡϲʦһ
ǲõĵһۡ黹治ܹǣϾǰĽ°ǻôĽƵ䡣ĽһȥƹأҲ֪ǲǰ͹滮˵ģȻûˡֻ˵Լĸȥ˷ˡȵҵ˱߹شϢ֪ƹغǵĽ˷ҲˡĽƣҲ֪ڡ
Ľ޵µɫ䣬ּĽƽһУʵǰ滮õġ
ʦǾͰǶչˣұȥҵ˴ŵķĽ޵ҲԸٵȥ
һüͷǼȥ
ãл㡣
Ҳҵͽܡһĺܡ
Ľ޵ȴľһҪ֪һһֱӳͽܡЩʱһֱʦʦĽлһûеҳϹֻӦĺܡˣȴֱӳϣɲĽ޵²ж
ʦڳͽˡ
һ۾һɣҺʱûϹѾͷƬӣһˣǰԼŪ治֪ôģڶӵˣôСġ
⻰˵ġ
Ľ޵±տڲٶ˵ֻǳϲʦ˹֣תȥԼӡ
ûҵʱܵȥ
Դӽ˷˺Ľ޵¾ʹһƧׯԺ
ǾտزԶһׯׯͨ߾ͨ˵ǸĴӡ
ֻȴסĽԶżһ˼סڴ
һׯӣֻ֪סһǮүģȴ̫ġΪһλү˴סƵֳһأҲֻǿһû̫ȥ
طϲĵĵط֪ϲɽİϲֲҩݻ֮ġطǰԺҩϱĵطࡣҲֲҩҪģסţ˴ŵġ
ͻЩסһҧ̫ˣܲ˵Ͳ˵
Ϊͷҧ˹Ľ޵ҲԸٴ̼һֱദĻǱңΪԵʣĽƻһլӣҹ˼һֻĮ֮ĵǵģԶԼˡ
Ϊ˵˵ô£оͷ˵ĹϵùŹְ񲻽ĿǰԺµɢķˣקһСΪѯʡǴ⸽ĴūţһҲûųǣλӣҲֻһоǾͷСȻϲסڳ棬ǿɣµķ緶пǮˡ
˵飬ǻǲҪˣ㰡͹ԹԵ˵ķԸʵչŷ˾ͺáΪüЩõĵһ۴
Ѿͷ㲻ãеС˼һֱסһ𣬾˱˼Ҳȷʵмɫ
ֻǣòôһ뵽ΪǵЦ͸ʢˡ
ΪԼ˼ܣȴûСĳο˵ˣӷˣǺǡ
Ϊһ䣬һθ롣
˶ĸ̬ȣԼǰ˵ļ裬ɱû㡣ЩЩ飬Ī롣
ЩţΪں˵˵ʲôɶ뷨Ƿĸˡ˵ˣȥĸȥ
ĶӵĴΪҡͷãԸҪɵ¶
Ժ棬һֱվǶƶʵͰ˵ĶԻ۵סһƱЦݡ
Ǹ˼ҪĽƵС檣¶ɵóȫ˲źð
ΪԽӣʹһЩ⡣
ׯ棬˴Ϊ⣬ʣµģֻһڳµˣԼһ۵ӣͷʹģſڵˡˣƾľ飬϶йġǿƽ͵ԺӣʵΪ˼



İʮ£˸С

İʮ£˸С
ҪߣͱһٳɹǰϻҪץôӣ취Ǹ⡣
ôţҲѾͷԼкøУ򣬵Ȼá
ôѰ˼ţɴ֣һתšҪĸãһʱӵʱ򣬾ˡ
ǰܵľףҪڲãĴɽԶ㣬Ҫ㹻
λĸǺܺġܸܵ˻Ǻϲĸġңô˧ִˣ˿žŲ۰ֻǡĸ˺ֵģһĲԸӡڴĸ̫Ҳ̫ˡ
ϲ̫Ůˡ
ôҲֻһ̵ѾͷԾǿߣҲֻӦš
ˣҽȥ˴棬ǰһңǼ˵¸¼Ҫءɱ꣬˵Ҳֻܳһˮ֮ġҲֻܳһЩˮ⡣µ˼⻹ȥ˵ǮͷǼҿһأҿ˿ҲһٶʮûʳҲô졣
ʲôСҲֵðˡ
ôôĵĽСµԭ򣬻һÿν󣬷˾ͻɵһĸһЩ͡ͷӣԼĵȵȣô⽲ЩСԭ򣬾Ϊÿζ͡
ĸǳƯȴ޴ĺܡһȷһĲ󻰵ķˣʵǸġ
ˣǴ˲ٵ̵أǰѵõĿһˣڿɺãȻǻῴһ»ɵŶߺȺð졣ʮʱ䰡˲ءһΣһС糤Ļͦÿģö˽ҲȥΧۣС˵ϼ仰С˵Ҳ˼һڵǻŶǹٻŶ˵ٻˣĿΣôСɵأ
Щ˼΢
ǶһЩʲôɫʡôˣмǰǲ˵ЩԼģ
ɣԼʧٻĽ޵½
ǣҲţĽ޵»Ϣ
һ޶Ĭеġ
ҪľǾ䴦Ľ̬ƿߣ跨Ľ޵»ɳȡϵζԼܳɹˡ
뵽ٶˡ
ŶЩĶͦģиΣҲиСԣȻҲвٵͷ֮ġɣȫġ
ڴ߶ʱҲæһ£лˣһΰһЩ㣬ǰŹ㣬ʱû㣬е㷳ء
ѽҪ㰡ð죬ҲĶأ㲻֪СǴʱĻﻹͦȫġҪءСʵҲС磬žء
ҡͷѾͷĻͦġ֪ĽС檲һа취תעʼעſܵСˡ
ҲʧΪһð취Сɲãʱ򻹲취
Ҳ֪ǲʹȻڶСɳ֡
εСɣɬ˲ٵĶĸ˵Ҫ顣
ѽСֶ
㡫
һ㶣ͷóһ
УУӣǻȫͲûӻ̸ˣСȻ㰡ѵõĸ֮
õģǼҷõġ
Ҫģû˼ԼҪ
Сһ˵ǼҷҪã͸ˡ
ӴιǼҷҲҪСɵĶǴ¶ӴƯС㣬ܲܰæ취Щһ㡣ǰĶ޷ǾЩ㣬̴ľԼӻ֮ġһӻſϲأһķǶϲһ֡
СչĻ˵ȷʵͦõһͷãЦеģȸ첲ȶģһϡ
ȻĹԹСѾͷе˼ҲϡӴСϲҲһһȥԭٰʮͭǮģСҪҾ͸һ㣬һٰʮͭǮˡ
󣬶úֽѾͷ޶ɰ
ԼֵĸˣʱҪͽôҪ֪˿Ǯ͵ء
ңҲ֪˾ϲʲôܴɵġ



İʮ£ݾ

İʮ£ݾ
һٸͭǮԸҾҪˡ
ҵĺý㰡һٸͭǮǱǮҲôõޣô弫õģֽҲܲһǮ
ǮǼὲ۵ġ¾ҧһڼۣǲ졣
СҲǸֽп࣬˽һʮͭǮ
С磬һʲôҳۼĸǻϲˣ˵ٵĶء
ʵԼһλСɣԱһٷһġ
ԭҪȥºӴģȻСһ׮⣬һҾһɡ
СɵǸɴĺܣ⻰ĴϲѼһ棬У˵ˡʵĹ˿ҲǿĵˡһҾһĶءһЩͨĴׯһ
˵ģҴļãСɵץһ
СɺٺֱЦ
˵ĶԣС˳Ư˵ʲôǶԵġ
һ㶡ѽɡһɬ
ô佱˵ģء
ٺ٣ǵضɲô
һЦ¶һİǿܵЦݣεĴ۾ֱˡķ֣Ҫ
ǡ
ȵС˺󣬴ź֪֣Լİ˷˻ա
ޣҲ̫أôһҲԷءСҲ泤ĿôƣľǹĻô
һ·߶Żׯӣ͸ױƵİЩ˳
ˣƯɣǺǣС˵ҲأѾͷСӣŶɿɰǸ˶ϲĺġ
ƵȻĿתʱ۾ȴʪˡ
ǰֻǻǸ˭ɳġڿһоŷֵĿ϶ɣ϶ԼСš
Сء
˿˸ޱȡ
ʱһƼªĿջĺԺ棬αװɻɵĽ޵µˣŸĻ㱨
ˣҽǷͳȥˣӣǸׯ԰Ҫ̽һ̽ġ
ãˡ
Ľ޵¾һֱվĽƵԼô
ôţǣһʱĺǼ尾ġ
ˣһҪҡ
˿Ľ޵¸ϵİ䣬úӦһˡ
ӣǵûסǸˡ
ʱһ˴ɫ̫õĻ㱨
ŶһΣҺһȥǸ塣
ӣ㻹ǲҪȥðհɡ
²̫Ľ޵ȥ
ΪӲṦ򣬶ȴйˡƫƫҪȥԼӣһʱ²࣬ǿɾ鷳ء
ҲҵġĽ޵¿϶֤
һ£Ҳ˵ʲôǾͻǸŹֵׯ԰̽ػصʱġ
˴µķҪҲࡣ
ҹǰȥ̽һ˵Ļ
ӣǸׯ԰ȷʵ⣬ǲһͱһͷ͡ŷ֣˺ǽʧٵϹͷ벻Ϲͷʧô꣬ȴ˼ҵĿŵġǡԺҲûĳɡֻһλǴݾˡ
Ľ޵һ
ԣǸׯ԰ĿԼ󡣡
ǵģֻھǣҪתˡ
תҪûôסҪ֪ôҵڴҲǼ׵顣
죬ǻҪȥһߴݾһȻôܾȳء

˴󾪡ҲˡҲߣҴŵģҪˡһԷ֮£ȻתĿġһתǾͿԳִˡ
ҲʧΪһ취
죬Ǵע⣬ҴӺȥˡȻ˲࣬ǴԳûǿ
ʱĽ޵һҲܲȥ
ĽûԼǣסҲζ֮ǰҪȳȻʱĽƻʲô˭Ҳҵ
ĽƣĽ޵һͷ
ͶŲһĸоп
ڸǶˣΣյĴڡ
ֻǣĽ޵ôҲû뵽Ľƻ˵Ȳĵׯ԰
ҵׯ԰󣬻˵ΪԼ㱨Ĵȥ֮Ļ
˵ҲӴ
ǵģˡΪ¾һεѡİūʱĽƾǿȫׯ԰㳤õԼˡ
ǰûлɳû
Ϊһˣǰżȴ˼ˡ



İʮ£Լ

İʮ£Լ
ֱѾͷһЩˡ
⡭ǡ
ȵȡסΪĽƳ̧⡣ȥѾͷôûĻӣԺֻµġ
Щգǰֻһû̫Ե
ҲԲĴĴõūš˭룬ѾͷҲ̫һ㡣ǳ£Ժֻỵµġ
ʱĽѾ̡
ôţٵԺȥ
ԺһķȴĽʳ񣬿ĽƵü
Щߵǰ

Ҹʱ䲻ˣϾǸӡ
ǰֻ˵ˣһµʱӦ
ֱӸľֻǣʱ仹û
̧ͷ涨ʱ仹ûһ»ʮ졣
ǰҾýǸӣôأôõʱ⣬ǹˣǿϧˡ
ֻǡҪõҵôüɫȴ˺ü֡
ĽȴͻȻܴ̼㾾졣
ұ޳ܣЩһֱŵģôõ㡣νĸоһһζͷҶҪħˡ񣬽Ӳˡ
ָĦ٣ĽƵЩ㱡
һһֱ档
ղܡ
ܿȻħˣǾͳȫ㣬ֻʽǲҲӦøң
Ľһ㶣ϲ
㣬Ӧˣ
οЦǰ̨ҲӦͿԷŹң˵һΣٷĴ
ĽƹһЦһͷ
ǰһĴһ˹򣬲лɱġ
ޣ쿴ԼİŮȴ֣ܵĥ컹УǾˣôҲܲȥġ
ϲ¾ͲˣֻҪһҲͳˡ
Ľƻڳϲϲû׼׵أһֻҪȾƣǾ͸ˡ
ǣ˵ǣԺһᲹʽġ
ҪģȫõġʽʲôģҲ졣ֻڣݻг˼Եʣ̫
˶ƣĽȽƣȴüٰ㲻Ը
˼һǹһء
˵űѾƷ档
㡭
Ľһ˱оơٴֱ׽ס֣ɷ˵ͰѾࡣ
Թĸףϧ㣬˵ҪδҪõδһֻôӦþıݡ
Ѫӿվ˲䣬ȴܵѣתĻС
ȻǰȻԼŮˡ㣬㡭
Ľƣҵģ㣬ҵˣҲ㡣ҪΣֻһֻǣܻţҵȻԸȥΪ֮
Ǹ޴ŮΪ˶꣬Ľܻ

ǣһӾεĸˡ
ûٶ࿴һۣȥ
߳ԺˣЩǵĿ
ˣ˵ĻˣղΪҲӵң˵ĵʲôˣʲô顣˶ɱ⣬ΪҲˡ
бɨһۣţͷҲŵ˰ɡ
ǵģˡ
߰ɣȥҷֵ𣬵ʱӵһʲСĲƸҪҸʲôˣҲȫƾԼٲõūţɫ£չǿϰٱ
ǣǣ˵Ķԡ
һ뵽úԼͿӵеĲƸ˷ˡ
˵Ȼ߳ׯ԰ֱ賿ֿ󣬴ڻζǰ˺Լ̸
Ҫҡ
ˣҲ
Ϊ㲻ңֻ·һ
ˣʲô˼
ϵ˼Գȥˡ
뵽ʱ侲ĲӣԴϡ
̫ˡ
һֱȻĺܣʵϣȴʲôڡ
֪ǱǼ°Ӷġ
ҡū澲֪
мңкӣҲమİˣұ°ӳȻһֱѰҡ⼸ڴǵĽӴȻ͸¶ܣԲҶ˵ҲӦ֪ǼӻôԸ㣿
ʱǿ϶Ȼļ²ѡ
ֻһССŮﾭ̫Ĳۡ
ʱͱ˵Ļŵ
ŻЩ֮󣬴̤ʵˡ
˵ļãһֱ˼ҵū澣統Լˡ
ҪԼӡµĵطһЩأһˣʵĹСҲͿˡ
ôһѰ˼ߵľ͸ˡ
ֻǣǰʱǲ
Ǽʻȥˣü֣һ·ϣʱأ



İʮ£ҵз

İʮ£ҵз
Ҫֻ֪һСǰǡ
ȵʶǺˣҪȥʱܵԶԶˡ
ˣЩ뿪ɣһ˶֮һǻؼҹԼСˡ
ôһѰ˼Ļ
¾ܵԶԶģȻ²Ľ޵»ҵǸطҲҶģһֻȥҡҲֻһ۵ӣһˣҲֻ˽лһĿ
ׯ԰Ľ޵µ˳ȥ󣬵õĽǿƵɱ
ϧһдۣЩ˸
һ뵽뿪ԼĽƿֲ
ȵĽ޵µõϢȥʱߵ˶ˡ
ˣȻȥˣҲӵ̫ԶǴȥҡ˻ȥδ
ǰʱȥδԼأ
뵽üͻȻ۾һ
ʱӵ棬ĲǣȻĿʾˣҪôǲмˣҪôǽлӡ
ߣȥ棬Ͻ
ͬģ뵽ʱĽҲΪӹҵôǺǣٲ
һ뵽ôȻӣĽԼԼ
ӵ˳ţʱԼô
Ȼлǿһʱ鷳ĿҲȷûİ취ݡ
뵽ЦˣʦǶõ棬ҲнôһݳƤ治һĽɫ
һطǰͼȤڻСѾͷһԹӡ
ǵãǸչ¶Ľ޵¿Ľ޵ˣ֪ܲݺӣ
ôţֻҪҵһЩǮͿˡ
ҲûĽƸЩ֮ģЩһ˵ĻᱻĽƲϤΪ˱գЩȻǲòźá
ǮҪôǮأ
ȻҪǮЩգҲ˷ܡһֱָűǮԳǮҲǲСҲûҪԼ֣ôܿٵǮ
գһЩС̯ĵطҪǮʱҲֻܿһЩˡ
ԵģĻСԵķӣǮķӡֻѡˣÿһ
棬Ҳڵһʱͱ֡˼Ϳʼڱĵط
ĶĽĿŲԶ⣬˵üšһˡռεҲûС
ƫƫСҲֻһЩͨģΪֹҲ롣룬һ˰һ뵽Ķˡﻹвصĸĺӡ
ָŽ˳һǮڿҲΪ
ӵӣβǲ˰ɣ
ǰſһЩСӪģ˭һҲ⵱ĲТĸأȴ޷Ϊץҩơ
Ķһ˵Щʹľͷ
ͷТǸ⡣
ϱҲǷ
ϱĵƣҲǳԱůǰǸ̯һӴĹʸɾġǣ˾İôأɻûԸ
뵽һ̾˿
ӵӣάֲȥͻȥɡ
£뻹ָأСҲûǮ棬Ƶģһ˶˺󣬲ŷ̾˿ˡ
ʲôԵģ
ʱһ΢ɳƵ
ϱĸϽ̧ͷ͹ǵǶԡ
һ۵ĸˣȻ˵Ҳء
ҡͷһ붹Ҩ棬԰ɣҲãô˷Ҳ˷ˡϽ뿪ɣҲѰ
ԥһ£ǽ˹
л
ôãɤָɬģһ붹ʣҲǸ顣
ûߡֱֱļҵģҲûǮ
Ǯˣһ⴩Ŵ磬һģҲûǮļҵĳüҪ롣߰ɣô̯λϣҸûˡ
ûУлӵһ
Խ룬ļҵľԽķ
ûǮа취ת
Ǻǣа취
ҡͷĻ̫ȤʵǣһлӣҲа취ġзҲܵлӶԲһ룬ĵĴ˵㻹߰ɡ
ĵķӣֻԣǲɹҲֻǼٸͭǮ顣ǳɹˣһӾͿšղǵĶԻҲֻ꣬Ҫ˵ȥǵԸⶨʵֵġ
ĻǲšϱȴЩڴĿ㣬棿
ѾûжǮˡϵļٸͭǮѾһҵס



İʮ£ʵ

İʮ£ʵ
ã˵ɣҪЩʲôȥ򡣡
ӵĻ˵꣬ĲĿקקϱۻʡһɣǿȫҵĳԷǮˡ
ӵӶˣȥһѡС˵ģһء
ͷüҲ̵ǡ˵ȥ϶ǮڣֻҪȥһЩ²ϣҾͿһĶ
ʵĶԿҲֻֻһЩ򵥵棬ܺóԲˡϹϲ˵鹦ôһͰĶҲ˷ѵԱҪһĴԡֶֻҪĲϣͱһĶ˵㣬ҪģҪһЩˮЩ
ˮЩ̫ѣһ治ôԸһҪȥˮ۸ҲǱˡ
ļҵȥһʳٰԸһЩ࣬ԼϣٸͭǮûˡ
ʳȥӱ߰ϴˣ˵Ǹ࣬һһҪáȻȥ⳦ζϽŪǼС֮ģ̯Ż¯һˣͿ԰Ѷȥ

лӵĻļҵֻ룬Ѱ˼ԼЩϣƺЩȷʵǿԺóԵĶࡣʳôҲһɡ
£ӵתȥϴʳתʱҲԸȥھӼҽһ񡣸ڼҲСģǼ֮ģҹϵãǿԵġ
ȥæʵһ̯λ
ٵİԼ˵ġڿֻҪһԷǮ󣬲ݵǮϾҪҲ١һҲסһסһҲ̫עĿˡңԲǼﲻһѰ˼Ҳ̤ʵ
ٽڵʱһвҲ׼ȫ
ʳζһƮǰһСԵ˾פ㲻ǰһѭζһߵ̯λǰ
ףǶ
ǰǰλ͹٣ĶĲϣű㰡
ζҲøˡ
ο˵һء
ҪĶ
ָŷʳʡ
أҪԵһ²ܺá
Ǯһ룿
ʮͭǮһ롣˵۸ʱĸζڲãֻüûż۸ת뿪
Щġ
۸Ҳ̫˰ɣһĶҼǵòͭǮһġɵãȻʮ
ǺǣС簡йĵʵС⣬ʵ׿˱Ǯ׬˶Ǯģһ֪ˡ
ԽΧԽˣķҲġ
ڷʳҪõʱ˾ڷпˮ棬ʼֶӵ
ֱɫճŨˣŰѶ棬ϸɫϣǵϣȻʮ֡һ£е˼ңͲԽĵͷôĲϣҲģأǺܺóԵİɡ
ò׵ȵ붹ԶˣũȲľҨ
͹٣ô
ʵĻûļζҲءɵſˣȴֻõ˸ĴָͷĴ
˼ⷴӦĻʳܳˡ
¶˿һء
һ׮⣬һֱ⣬ɢһζһС̯λϵҲ£
һ룬Ǹһ롣
ȵˣһ˼ƣȻ׿˱ǮҲвٸͭǮԴӪ⻹ǵһشĻáҪ֪ʱ򣬷õӪҲ׬ʮͭǮ
һӾ׬һʣεĸо
ֻһ䡣˵ǾͲдȥǼסһޣٸյˮϴһʲôô
ǣ˵ĶԣϽ
ˣŸϽߡ
ǣϴҲͷҷš
üϱҪŪͷ顣
ȣ
ת˸ԼӣŰҲ˼ţ˼ǲԸ˿Ŀɡ
ҵ˳ˣ϶ңԲĿʾˡ֮ǰæҲΪǵʵϡ
δ̵һЩʵĳʳ֮ġԺƾЩգҲкõδҵҪֻǮ󣬸һЩϱá



İʮ£

İʮ£
˵ֱ˵ԼĿ꣬ΪԼ۹⡣ȻҲǿ׼ԼĶһ˳ǮζָоǺѵġ
ԥ֮󣬱϶ͷմӦ顣
Ҳû뷨ֻи±ͳɡڶҪҷ˶߾ȫȥɡ
ĵ±֤
ף±ס
ǰҹģԾţҲ֪
СޣҲֻʵɵڼԼ̣ûȥϢĿܡ
סĵһڴϾ˯ġķһле㲻ʵĸо˷ܹ󣬻ǻЩĵġ
ӵС˵ǵˣĿʾˡ˵᲻Ǻܿµĳ˰ʱ򣬱𣿡
ĵ侲ҡͷ
ЩĪҪ룬ҿСҲǸʵϵˡаֻ֮»֧ĺǣûҪֱ˵Ϲǽҵ⣬ҵǾã˲Ǵ֮
ҲǣвѵģǸŮ˼ҡҿСӰҲΪ顣ˣҾɣһ׮һġ˼һرأⰡǲ˼ţôǰͰĶˡǸҪһôЩҲĶడ
ᵽ⣬е˷ܲѡ
ȵڶ죬Ӹ˷ˡΪһ̵ֽһ˿ְ˿ȫԷ̯λһҲ˵ӴԺǼ̯λϿƷˡ
˵ˣ⼸ǿٵǮġ죬һ
Ϊ˰Ҳǽ߾ȫ
ķѧ̵һ󣬱˷ܵĸȥ
ӵҪѶ˽̵Ǹ˿ھͰڷųô
ڣȻҪˣ˵˺óԵĶǶҪڳȥٽʱвٵ˻ڽϣߣǳ̯ȥ
²ĳ̯
ڰǹúٰڳʱ첻һζǰһ̯ӣ֪ǷƽʱӪġһʵζֻĶˡ
ӣЩҲãһĹô;ǵأһζȥҳԵ˼ңǡĽء
ǰǵæʱǶĽǡ
ڿɺã˼Ҷˡ
ɲĽô
๫һγ̯˹ǮжٵĻˣ
ӻǳĶ˵飬ҪһЩǮˣٴߡ
ʵǣһ뵽СҪѳˣĻǺܵĵġ˴˼ҪЩ飬һ˼ɶɶԹİ
ڷǮʱɫ㲵̯λϡ
һ붹ԡ
λҪһ̯۹ô̯λϵ۹ԣȫǶһ޶С԰
ɡһĽ޵³˵С壬ǲƽ̯λɶ
ʱʵҸЪŵĵطӵӣ˶㲵ˣҲˣλӵε
Ľ޵£ȷʵκġҲûע⵽ʲôֻϢһ°ˡǵǾСɫĶԣа˿۹Ľ޵һӾ˾
ƹģⶫǴѧģ
ķһ顣ɣôСӵĳ˾ˣ
ɷǣǡǴϼѧġ
Ľ޵ʲô˰һһԷɫĻʲô֪Լ̫ûڵĺá±֣ˣֻǿЩ뵽ҵӰˡǰľĶֻ°ӶȥҲ֪ںδ
ԭ˵ʵģȻˣҲķȻһۣһ¹˵Сʲôġǣ²ԣһǳ˹ءĹأû˵Եġ
ǲԸ͸¶Ľ޵֪Լʧܡ
Ҳġ
ͷѶ󣬱뿪ˡ
뿪ˣӾ;˵ĸ첲ӵô죿
ȻؼңСʣղλ˵òмˣ
Уеġ˿ţǴ֮˰һСӵģǲһ£Ҳ̫ðɣ
ҲεĺܣʰɣԵĻؼ˵ģػġߣȻؼȥ
뿪󣬻ͷ˳ȷû˸ԼŶߡ
صҺӾһ˵˽̯λϵ顣
˵˿źţ
ʾͲĽƵġǣԼСŵİ
Լ޲ھͷһԳȥ
ǰˣ
ţ˵ģȷʵǱ°ӶȥΪֹ˻Ѱҡ֮ԲҹȻȥΪǸץסҡҼҷҲȷʵңǺãȥ
ӣˡ



İʮһ£Ҫôæ

İʮһ£Ҫôæ
Ż䣬Χǽһˡ
ʱȫ
๫

ŵ֣ķϽ˺
һҲء
˴ؿջĽ޵»Ը֡
ֱճһʵĸܵůʱĽ޵²ӣԭĻˡ
ţһء
ܵ飬ŬرĻӦ
ͬһҹĽƴ¥һֱţȾƣȾƣͳͳүȾơֻҪү忪ˣҸ͡
һȺݺ裬ȫ˹һҧ
޲ðڴ齸ֻݡ
ֻǣһ֬˱ǶʱĽƻǱİ߳⡣
ҿǡ
ɬʲôģҪǣָ˵Ļ
ֻǣԹ鱧ԹȴûٸΪ˺ӣʵЩˡ
ǰĲ豭Ľɫ졣
ҸˣȻˣǾ͵ҵıɡ
жమжں𣬾жޡ
ûƹٴȥڶĽƾͻ˱߹أҪʵԼ顣
磬ҪʲôȨ
ȻˣΪʲôµȨΪԼأ
ص߹غĽƣڽУƵĿʼӸֽ˷˵
ϽֻҪŮΪԼĺŮȴûΪʲôĽ޵֮Ľ˷ˣ˶ͶҶšˡ
ֻǣ˶ǿϵ飬һЩ飬ĺԲơϾ˷˳ɹ˲ô
ҲԵʣһڹʱ򣬲û̫ʶкβԡ
ֻһ󣬺ڹ˲𽥷Щ鲻ˡ
ǺöطһЩŰռˡ
ڹԭײеģϲбĹҡҲҰȴҲСЩƣ鷢һƬȷѪꡭ
ͬʱ׹Ǹһֱ˿УΪҲصĹңȴ˴ı仯
ϲ£Ůƿų͢ٵĳڴСҲȫڴŮ׶һεĻʺ
ֱʣð׹ˣڹ˲⡣ڿλ»ʺȻˡ
ôһӢּϵ»Ҳء
ҲںĴһλµĹ嵽Ǻˣ
˲⣬ͬģҲɻѡֻǣһ޵ߵı£ȴû˸ҵֵġ
ͬģ˳ǻԴĽ޵£ȴӵһͷʹšѧдġ
ŵĴݣҲֻ˵İ׹顣
˵׹ԽĹĪ⡣׹ĻӰǰȣǰæѰ׹Ȩڵľα
ֻһ仰ȴûжĻ˵ȴҲ˵ԡ
α˻˭
ӿһżĽ޵¾١
֪ǳΣʶ
СţҲյɩӵţ˵ĻҪԶһЩ׹ڵĻʺ׶飬ʾôƳһЩ֧Ԯš
Ǹ׹ڵľǸóͶߵĴڣ
⻰Ľ޵²òѵ̽ǸŹֵĲ䡪תϵ
;ǸתЩŹ֣ң滹ǣһ̬Ĺҡ
һʵģô롣
СšӽӵɩһźҲļƽʱĽ޵³Ĭ˼һʵʳ
СţΧǸ׿壬ȷ
Ľ޵µɴ۾ͻȻúС

һ³ȥ
ǲǡҲȷģô꣬Ļ᲻˽ֻһɵ񣬱²µΡ
ǣǰãֲӿĴ棬϶Ǳɵġڣ̫ȷˡϾҲʬ壬ûۿˡ
ͷ˵ۿʬ壬һһأҲ˵˼Ҳпܻᱣǰļ䣬Ӷ
Ͼǰôںء
СţҲò˵²̫ԡ׿Ĳб֮ˣûۿʬ壬Ҫ̫硣ǾΪɡչ·߳ġ
ԽԽ۾Ľ޵Цˡ
ǰ·չѡ߳ġ
ô궼߹ˣʲôء
ÿҪµʱҾиоôҲȥء
ţҲء
΢΢һЦ
£ҲģǸǲǶҪעð׹ĹǾͰһѣ׹Ҫôæ
һǺĺܡ
ϾǴȥ̰ɣ



İʮ£طҲ

İʮ£طҲ
ǵ˼ȥ̣
Ŷ
һξҲˡ
ôᡭȥԼĹң
ֻд̣Ǹ˷ģҲٹעڶо档ǣҲʱ䡣
Ľ޵Ц˵꣬Ҳҡͷ׹̯һŮҲܵĺܡҲҡǣȴͭ뻹ܱżҹİáǷһԼĹңǵҲûط鰡
Ľ޵µܽᣬһӾˡ
򰡣
ǣҿֻᱻһطꡣ
֡ȥ
ȥһİĳУ齨³С
棬⻰治
Ͼиˣļãһֵ뿪
ǳԵǻʼҵķҲҪǡ꣬ȥɣҽӵʱֻһµʱ䡣³ġ
ǣǰļλ
ЩʱΪ˷Ľ޵λ
λ棬һλǺҰĵġˣҲ֪⼸ô
Щǲһֱšطܱ˵ķĳǰ¾ɵĹϵҲֻ˵治᲻ٵġ룬¹ԱӹЩûд򽻵貿䣬ЩǻصĶµ뷨Ҳһ
һᣬ뵽ֱһֱںĶ
ν˳ǣʵӵͼ޳Ҳνġ
ȴһֱϿأңίԼõĹԱǰΡ
ҲԿǺܿġ
ʵ϶أҲΪҵתйذɡǣǸײеĺڷ˵飬òӡһҪȥĵط˵ҵı߾㡣
ǶǻŲٵĹŹֵĲ䣬ԼֲһĽʿȥǸطǶҩУԾɺڷҲһ˽⡣Ӧ֪ҶԻʹӵˣһֱͺܾ衣УһߣҲúͱ߹صսʿиһ˽⡣
һҪȥ̣ҪģżɧŶԷһ£˫̣ǿٽս£ֶһ˵ǽһɤӣһ١죬͵Ϯһ
йڳУǻúùġ
ȥȥɣֻǣһµʱ䣬Ҳ֪λʦԸ߲
˳ֶ֮һλʦǰλ̫̫
˼ҳͽס˵ҲǸ޶ˡЩ֪꣬һֱӱܳˡȥĳУǻԸȥġֻһϲʦͲ̫ȷˡ
ҵǾãλʦȥġûڶϲô
ǣϲϲİ᣿
ʾ黹治ȷ
԰ɣǾҪȥءǺһţʱǶСһ𣬾ͲŻˡ
һЦ
˴ﶼżаʵǣλʦһһ˲İ
ʦҽźǸաһ棬ȥʦΣֻһжٵҽ˲ŵġ
һϲʦˣ˲šһӵкöవ£һ˵ȡ
Ҳû취ǵĸǳҪѵ˲֮飬̫ںʱҲֻһһˡ
ҹŶȥԺһϲʦϣҲԵġ
ԷϲʦͿʼˡ
˵ϽؼҰɣǿء
ʦҲ˺Щˣô
һƳһۣǹԵĺܡ
Ǳµ˼˵ǹԵĺܣѹͲ۵ģʲôڰ
УǾλʦˣҺȻȥ
Ͻ߰ɡ
˼񻹺ͺ˸еĸλʦ˵ס
ʦǺʹǶһʱҲã¸ǵ뿪ȥɶˡʱҪ֪ء
λʦþò
Ҳû
ʱ򣬵øʦǶһʱ˼С
˺þãһŵɨһϲʦġ
ôģ
ôģ
ҰһۣʵҾżһµطҲ
ϲʦǺȣȻ϶˵ĻǲףʱֲòϣĹ۵ҵģʱǺܽӽġ
ϲʦЦһ㣬Ҳ뻻طôɶǰط˵ٵĽʿڣȥÿԲһµЩˡ
Ҳǣ֪ȥ˺δ˵ҲȥɶǵģǸطİɡ
ţ뿪ʱ򣬶ǲǣ
˺þãϲʦʳ
ǰɣϧûŮ뿴
ˣЩ飬ôʲô
һۡ
ʱΪԡ
ˣȴΪһҲֻпϤĶԷ֪ǻǿദġ



İʮ£Ҫ

İʮ£Ҫ
Ҫ뿪˳ǣ⼸Ҳ˸ԵĻѡһĽ޵ߵС㡣һڸĽ޵̶ӵһСӡ뿪˳ǣҲҪһȥġ
ļӿŵģҲҪȥġǰѧһЩæˣĸ貿һЩϣڶɲᣬĽ޵ԽиһεĽߡ
һˣҲǱҪߣҪǰȥɶǵġһٸˣҲ½Ŀʼ˸Եļҡ
ЩŮˣҲǿԴߵġ
˵뿪Ӽֲġ
ûвɢϯȻᣬҲ뿪
µʱһ׼׵һ׼ȥǿһӺ󣬱ȥɶˡ
ʦڳҲǿޱȰ
Ľ޵ɨһĳһĳߵﶼ۵ĺܡʵǣǳһɱϢиƣеˣҲ֪һ˷Ǹ
ǿһ˵ĴţԿλͬ
Ľ޵ǣ֡ҲǣºҲʱտǡ浽ãǶʦǵĺˡ
Щᡣ
Ľ޵¹Сӡ
޷ǻ֪ġ
ۣţһҲ֪ܴˡ
λʦŷʦǲôԷ˵⼸ҲǣˣôͲһŷʦأ
һĽ޵ͷʹ顣
˵ϲʦһλʦҲǣǵ˵ʱֻ֪˴ԡһŷʱֻһ˼ҡ
ΪŷÿζҪѪ
ŷҲԼͽܸȥλһ
ŷְѶű˳棬ҲÿһȻĸˣټСޣҲǹǺ
ʱ棬ŷ忴Цˡ
̸㽲ÿˣҲǲǣ
СҲ֪һĹˡ
һƯֽӹͷһ
СǰֵһЩءСһһ乲ȦĿСãɶ˼Ҳ
С϶ĵͷƯ
Сֺ̫ˣôһƣˮڸŹ
˫СֵֶһȦһȦģž
ҪǺԭˣ˲Դ
¾Ͱͷӵ
ϽְѻָͷϣƯ
ԥֱȡһһ
һŤͷֱͱԼĿСľܵһȥƨһŤһԣֱӾƤˡ
ͿôĮԼĴ磬ί
ĵĿ滹ûͳȥĻ䣬İѶ
ƯôƯĻһҪ
ǣҡͷ
߲
Сһ˵̫ҲܱԼҪ˵˼
Ư
ڣ˵ĸˡ
Ϊ˵磬ŷ桭Ư
ŷֺǺǵģ԰԰ת⻨ƯӴ
һ£Щˡ
Ҳ˵ǺƯģô˵Ưඣ
ãϽѻͷϲ塣
ƯŶ
СﻶϲĺܣҲһţ棬Ư
ϲʦС۵ЦݣϽ԰԰Ư
˵꣬һһҪ§С
öܺã¾ſſĿȥ磬Ư
Ư
һʵڲԼҶôСͷǵñǿиıԱСһǸһҪƯСȹӡ
ҪôǸĨһЩ֮֬ġ
ﵫƯһĶҪλ硣
Ҳÿߵ磬ȻǺҲǱ
Ҽ֪һ仨Ưģ汧һ
ŷƳһһǰӣߣһ仨ҲСϲĺܡ
һ̲ĺŲ裬
ſһֻۣûȥǣһһöɫĹʱ۾һӾˡóԡ
ŷٳһӴ̫࣬ÿء
СϲĶǣǳԵİ
ŷ弫õһ̲ˡ
óԡ˵žҪȥһǶŤ
ŷ岻ʣҲֻ
СһˣЩ⣬ʹյǰ
ְ
ֻǶеˡղŶңֻ֪ߣҲҪˡڿʼҲ㡣
ǣСƢĶֱһŤƨɣķʽŷղŵ䡣
ϲʦֵĺܣЦ



İʮ£ԭ

İʮ£ԭ
СӡŷƣֲСֻǰһЦļϲʦЦƤѽƽʱһɵӣǺǡ
һǺǣν˶ĳж೰
ϲʦҲʡ͵ưҲûŷֱ³е˰һѵ˵ĿǳǶǸģϹŵˣܰ
˵Ϲţ㲻ҲһأԣҲ㲻ϣҲǸȢϱĵ˰ˡ
Ȣϱ
ϲʦ۾һһƽһ䡣ϲİҼǵǰʱҳȥиСҪӸǲǰʱСӵ˵ģ
ǡ
ŷˡûƷµˣһҲûУˡ
һߣűѹ֨ʦλʦĶԻҽӰ
ֻ޲õһˡƫƫʦȴǵһۡһ£Ҳòˡ
ȣʵʦͦõģҲϣôͣˣҲ
ŷһ㡣ǣϲʦɶ˰ǾǸ˵ġ
۳һŷ塣ţȷʵ͵ľ񲻴ˡʹˣҪ̫ʢȻԺҲǸ鷳ӴԶ꣬ʱСľͼѽ
űɫһ͡
ҵĸ찡
˼ҪҪôġ
ǽĻԼʦϵء
ʦҲǡ
ŷݺݵһۣȴҲûһҲûƷµ˼ƽϡ飬ȥתһȥ
߳ȥˣűžһЩ
ʦֻҪһ𣬾ͻһֱ
ôȥء
鰡˵ô취ʰһΪʦôһֱûôǣϼһҾء
ʦǳɢĵġ˭룬ȻҪôʰԷ
űʦʵûҪһֱ̫ƽϡֻҪλСĿˣǸ㣬Ժ˿ҲᡭĽʺ޵ô
ʵϣűҲû˵
ֻҪѴˣֻʦĿܣȻ͵ȥˡֻ
Ҫ֪ҲϺ갡ȻҲֻʱȰһʦ˼ǶʲôĶˣ񻹺ãҲһеĴҰɡҲ֪ǿСĻôģڵʦЦݶˣˣԭİ׷Ҳʼתڷˡת䣬ǰĶű鲻ġٻͷԼʵҲǱ仯ܶġ
׿˵ЩغɣڸһĴȻҲ;ϵµ¶ҲĿġ
ȻҲһ㣬һûûģСʵϣչǵͬʱҲֵĸо
ζ൱ܡ
ǵ߹ģλʦǣγԭء뵽űҲʦǵˡ
Ǻһ˾ֱɱö
֮һ˴ӳСһܳ۾ˡ
ĸһ
СֿҲһңöʱһ뵽СһСʱӣĶҪȻˡܶʱ򣬶ġ
ȻҪ֮ˡŮĸСһҲڿɺãһƼŴһģһСٺЦֱԼּӴ
ҵĹﰡ游
飬һ˽游
СһҲһôĽԼ֮˷ܵС
ҵ游ˡ
࣡źףǼ뿪ʱҪһ£游˵ˣǾͲһɡ
һҪСһѧҲѧһ
ĸ
ҵĹӰĸúÿӴ
ҲǱԼɰСȵˮֱӴ
Сôɰһ˵ĺÿҪ§Ż
Ƚȥɡ
ֻ֪§İεĽҪЦŴߴ١
ˣʦ
֮ſԶվλɷǵˡ˵ƣ·緶ͨ˿Աİ
һݣϽǰ
һʦϡ
ϲʦʱЩΡ
Щֻ֪ϲʦĽϲҲ֪Ҫôˡ
ȣͳΪʦͺáԼϵôΣϽŴԲ



İʮ£ڹѸ

İʮ£ڹѸ
ϲʦĵνĺܣһӡ
ѾͷģžʿһһʦͺáȻҲǵʿeǺУǰ˶ϰˡ
һᣬ֮͸Ͻһʦŷʱһ͡һλ
Ŷǵ걣̥ʱʶʦŷʦ
ŷʦźġ
һᣬŷҲŵɨ㲻ǵǸֱСٶô룬ҲһؽˣһѾͷĵ
֮۾һǣ
꣬ʩ֮ˡ
һᣬ֮
ԭǴʦҾʦķɣҲȥΧ۹һ룬ٴοʦȻǼʮԺˡ
Լ׵һλʦʶһ£Ҳɻ󲻽ˡ
ߣǽ˵
º˵ʱŴ
֮ʶŷ壬ȫΪ꿴ʥŮݳ֡ǸʱҲȷʵǴĳصŶӳȥݽġ
صĽʥŮ
һŷ壬ٳߵȻĶű飬֪ô£вʵǽ֮˲
¶ûҲȻˡΪһŷһɢ˵˵ʱһЩ顣
Ҳ˵ˣһɵһʥŮ
ǡʦǺһλġЩ֮ԻһֱļãСûУңʻˣҲǸһλʦֲġĽ޵µ壬ҲһλһЩŹֵҩĽݸƵԽԽá
һ㣬ĿǼмġƫƫ˼Ҳû̫ҪֻǵҪںǵߣżܿǾͼˡ
Լĸӵ˶˵⣬⵱ҲǺܿĵġϾһҲǼõ顣
ǵİһкĽɡһֱоŮ˵ĲյΪİɡ˵ǽɣʵҲֻһЩѵĽǣһѡνʥŮ֮ġһ㣬ǵĽɵĿ˵Ҳֻ汲õһϰ취
ԭʦĽǰǣΪԭۺһġ
ţǵĽɣģ䣬չȥġǣǻϣܶౣһԼഺԼõһЩذһֱǵɾǿ壬ճּ֮ġƽʱûµʱҲ֯Աȥ潲ŮӦע
ʥŮÿ궼ҪݽڿβʮεġʱҵʥŮҲҪÿһطһΡһЩ֪ʶڸλǡ
ʦһɵǸء˿ãаء
ˣҲᱻġɾˣҲвһĹ
Ŷ
üƺһĳش⡣
ȷʵǳش⡣ŷɫЩѿ
ڽŮӽɡһǵƵĺ䡣һһкڹѸĴڡ
ۡڹѸ
ˡ
֣Ҫ඾ж඾룬ϻЩɡ
ԵģһкڹѸɣɵˡҲò˵һҰҲܴˡ˵ܻһЩҲᷢûмܴĶ˵ڹѸЩȻ͵ǮȴԽ׬Խࡣң˵ǻӵһ죬ԴһǸļһĴڡ
ɵˡ
ǰڹѸ־͹˵ˡڣʲôһ˾ȻԼҴһ졣
һˡ
ȵȣʦ˵һɣ˵ȫŮˣûȥռǵĵ죬ٰҲռΪУ
Ұĵ˻вٵġ
һȺ޵ŮˣøֵҽҪģǮΪˣǲҪռǣǼֱǲܡ
ţȷʵǣһҲһ뵽Ϊֹû˵ĸ˳ɹǸ졣Щ갵Ϣвȥǵġûһ˳ɹ˵һ˻һЩԹĸ֡Զ빥
İľͻȻ뵽ԼǸɢ˼˼¼ҲᵽһЩ֮ġ
ң˵һЩ䣬̣ҲǼ˵ġ
һȺŮҲȷʵǿԱġ
ǡȥ⣬Ͳ˶ô
ŷҡͷ
ϣô׵顣֪һżŻɳһ档ƽʱǵͽӪпʯ鱦ɽȵһС



İʮ£Լ߳

İʮ£Լ߳
屦ʯ
ɵˡ
һֱΪŮ˾Ҫںլ¾ͺá
ǣΪʲôһڹѸ뺷
ŷһ˵һˣƺ̫˳ġ
棬ȷʵǺġңһЩŹֵĶһЩɴһֹֻһ١ǣһ֯ܶࡣôģ̫Ǹɵİ˵ͳһȺеС
Ǯˣˣ
ǡҲǲһĵطΪ˫ɵĹһǺһ̤ʵģҺ˳ҲˡֻǣǵĹǣ˿ͳңΪʲôŮ˾Ͳܣңǿ檣ҲҪʵÿ꣬һŮ˶Ů˳죬ȥ湴ɫԼϲˡ
һϲ˵ˣø˹ص죬ΪһŮǵһĴڡ

һȺ뺷ĺڹѸȷʵǲһ
ɳ˶ˣ
ӦҲʮ˰ɡǸŮˣҲӦʮʮˣҲ֪ڻô
ƺŷһ飬ͼȵĲƽ⡣ңԺڹѸԱǻﻰ⣬ǲġ
ȣʦꡭǲһЩͻ
ߣʲôƨͻǿ߶ѣһŮˣӦùصĹôôҪҪӵǧģ
ðɣԭǹ⡣Ҳϲһޡһ޶ģһ뵽ǶֳͱˡԼСŮˣضҲİɡ
ҲǣʦĹһġȻҾŮбҸŮǾ飬һһźáҺã˴˶ҳϣ氮ɡ
ɲôŷһ˵ɫ˺ü֡
ʦҲ֪ġ˿ŮˣʵϣŮҪҺܶˣҲ˵ĹȥġֻǾðɣĲҽܡ
ҲֻǹĲһвһĵطҾΪһЩνоǲϧ
ϧ
ü
ǰȻ㵱ΪʲôҪǷôչҲһĽɣ˵Ѿͷѵģ꣬зǸоһЩ˱ͽҩʹõоƷȴһЩ˰Щˣÿһץȥ󣬶Ǳǵ˸Ʒ
ȷʵ̫һ㡣
˵еΪҪ٣Ϳһɵ֮ġ˵ٵĻʵۣΪһЩɵ˺ܶġЩʿ֮ģһЩ˷ָ顣
ǵʱʱֹǺŵ󣬲ҪѺϳ֮ġֻû뵽ʱмλʦͱȥ
ڱѺЩ˾ͻͬһЩˣӽյĵط˳һųǰ˾ͿʼԴһɣ˺ڹѸ֡
ʦôûʥŮأ
һΪһķԭҲΪ걦¶ˡǺӵ飬ʵҲΪҶ˵ġȻ䵽һأ
һᵽű飬ŷһĲһ㣬ǰ˵Ϳĳ
ʦ㣿
ǸˣʵϲġǺ棬ҲһڹѸջ󣬲ҳΪǵʵͽһڰ꣬Ϊ˼ǺӣȥȴһڹѸˣλΪһ׮أ˺ɥȻڰѻеı쿴һֳ顣ңҪջű飬һǼǵ֯鲻Ը⣬һֱ衣ǺڱȺûĵøˡ
ôˣûϸ˵ȥȻˣĶű飬϶ǱŮǶǸˡ˺űһֱԱ߲鷢ȻôᡭһֱôţӰ߳ء
ȥ飬չǹȥģǵǰ
ǰЩ꣬Ҳ߳ˡȻҲ뿪˳ǡڸȥߣϣһɡ
ŷɫᰲʵϣҲġ֪Ǹ˻Ҳܴȥ鰡ǹףǸ˲ǸõģôջԼҲܶİɡ
ˣԹ飬ʵԹˡűҲ֮󣬲߳İɡ



İʮ£㱻

İʮ£㱻
أ⺢ӿҲҪ࿴˽һɡ껹һСԱæģǳ黹ܵġϧչģǸӣǿϧѽʵϱĵľǸò׵ĺӣЩŪûˡ
߸ѽ
ڵûˣһ뵽ĳŷܵС
ȥˣȥءʦͽһǼһţҲܺð
Ҳ֪ôοˣϱ˵Ļ⡣
Ժ󿴼һ˿ɵСһ㡣顣걦ĺǹΪҲһ֣Ϊǰ顣ȻĺҲ
˵ǸӱŪȥǵһЩµƷû顭;öġ
۾ɳˡ
һľҪûԵôôأ̫̿ˡ
˵еҪԳӣҲǺӳ󣬴ĸǸ̡̥
ܳԵȥֻ˵һθںáǳԻû̥СӤ飬ȷʵ̫һ㡣
Ժעһ㣬ùСһɡ
ǰҲǺڹѸǸͷ˵ʵ˰Ը·̫֮⣬ʶȷʵǼġһ㣬һֱ˵ͼҵؼҵ·ʲôļңҲ̫ġҸо˵ļӦǸصĵطΪĸ˵˵ļңǸƼܷĵطҲǸõĵطôģҲ̫Ӧüٵġ
ǸŮΪ˻ؼң伫֮ԻСһЩ飬ҲЩйصġһ̵ֺܲļ롣ҲûɹȻôء
ŷüë΢м
һؼҵ·Ҫõֲһļ룿üȴԽãôԵ˵Ĺء
֮ɣõһ㣬һһģһϣǾٲ
С
һ顣
ңҵĺӿɲġ
ŷ岻Ŀ
ʵһֱûǣ֮ԻȫΪСǹɿɰԭΪҪǡһһһСһǳ¶ˣǾͱȵű˿¡
ֻĿܣ޷̡
̸죬Ҳɶǵĵط̫ңֻ²Ǻõطǣֻһͱ˵ɫٲ˵ȥˡΪһĸ׵ĶԺǵ뷨
ƽʱеţҲۺð졣
Ȼźǵ治̫¶һһġһڵȥ棬öʱ򶼿źǻ뵽
ֻǺΪ ԭ򣬲òȥ氡
Զݵ滹ˣļӣôɰһ̥ı˵ѩɰǸŮ˰ŵô
һ֡
뵽ŷ尵߬ȭͷԣһҪǡ
ͬģźǵĶű飬Ҳľ
Ӹʦʱ֪ԼŲ⼸ӡ֪ЩڹѸǣΪ˴ﵽԼĿ꣬ȫ޹˵ʵǷĲ¡
ŷ岢ûٶ˵Ҳٶʡ֪Ҫһ㡣ǸνĺڹѸǸаŵɣ֪Լô
̥
ϡΪҪ˶ˡ
һתȥ
ҲȰȰС߰⺢ӵҲųףôȥﶼóȥ
СߡҲвʮһ˰ɣ
Ҳǰüˣһ˵ʮͳˡһģʮꡣ
С߶ʮһ껹лģҲѹżˡ
أʮһˣ˵ôûӴ˼ҰĺӶˣС߿ɵã˼Ҳû˵
˼
ǼڵĵλҪ˵һź»Ǽ׵ġ
СߵҲ˵ֻ˵ˡҪôĲôġ
ж־ķֻҪ㣬λޡ
˵ҲС˵Ҳʮ˰ɡſʼ˺ӵϢ꣬˼ҶҪ˵ǵ游Ĵӳȥˡ
ʮ׵ˣеһģʮ굱游ȷʵǺܶࡣ㣬ԺĽ޵µ游ʱֻҲʮꡣ
ҲܰС⺢ĻҪһЩ¶͵ȥ졣Ȼɵóȥ
ǣĸˡ񲻵òӦĸǽʱΥһ˿һ
ٸƶˣ㡭ˡ



İʮ£СߵĻ

İʮ£СߵĻ
զȻ³һ仰Ųһ١ɶݣ
һԴӰᵽ˾Ǻ󣬴һֱżı췹ԡ£ôҲܱݰɣ
ңƽƺֻھӼҵһ̫ˡ
ǸģܸİҲ˰ɡҪ̫һ㣬ƫҪԹ˭ȥ
ǰʱɩӾиңǸ˶ڽҵ˾֮ġΪ¶ѧ˴к˵һ׮¶ҰЩŰ참˼ȫϳˡ
ôһһæﻹ󰡡һˣֻԼù̫صİǱǸˡһڵù󣬵Ȼ˳
һңһӡ
ǸܳԭͲǸö
ǰ㣬Ҳǿбݡ
Լһֺ
ܳ޷̣Ҳֻʣ±ݳˡ
ƽǲôģҲŮġô
ҵģ۶߳ģѡҵʱһľˡﲻľˣֵ·ǹء
Եͷ
ڲͬ
Ȼô̵СߣҲǴͶ㣬ģ֪ôǱ
ǷֿʱԲʱ򡣾ôЩܱ뷨ټϳЩ꣬Ҳ̫ùԾ͸ǳ˼ů̬һЩ仯ģҲӲ˽ࡣǣǰǺǲϲҲĬǵһЩ顣
ֻǣĲ㣬ļɻ䡣Ͷ㣬ͷĴˮԺһЩ˵ҲֻʵĵһСԱˡԵģҲûٶҲûˡ
˺Ͳ֮ʮ֮˾š
㿴Ŵ³ܲˡ
⣬㱻ݣҪͶǣ
ҲֻͶһ
һŮ˵
һԺ棬ǰ֣һҲܰš֮粻ٷԵġ
Ҳ֮С
ѧͷ¡
һ֮Ҳ֮御
ĸ˵ģ˵·ģȥСȥ
ͷϽȥɣҿɵȥҵļȥ
һᵽԼĹЦǽŲ˺üЩԹ㼱ôŮô
ЦţҼСţڻðİҲռأ
ߣ
ɬŮ飬һЦˡ
⺢ӣɰѹСǰ۸㡣⵱ĳţҲҪ۸һء
ŮԣģΪ⵱ҲҪŰ

תײ˵Ļ
Сţſҡ
ţûˡĽ޵°§һ㣬ȻŷֿһǿСӾҪס
ȵ̺촽ϣȫԽǺ԰ʱض˳롣ȵ۶ţΪӣĻ֪ĵ뷨
ššſЩ
ӣСߺ̫ˣһֱסһ𡣡
Ľ޵ʹࡣ
˭뵽һ˺С߾ͲǷ˯һ
Ӳֿ˵ֱĥ
ˣ˭ƽʱֵġ
ʵҲΪҪԵʣԲûֹСߺ͸׵⡣˼޼Ҳеźáһֱճţһճĳëˣǲġ
ȻǣǿòײŹһΣҲûȴǵ
ˣһСţðȥˡ
Ľ޵ĥ
øϽΪСҸףȻôϹǣǺˡ
ۣѽ
ֵġ
˴˵ţУȥΪСˣ˵ʲôأ
˵ҲǺЦĺܡ
ЩʱھǵʱҲֻһȻΪү˵סȻǳ׵ʱҲҲתĽ޵µҡ
ýһñӣǱ˸˵ġ
񵽺ãֻ̽һ£ҲҪĸǿаȥסɼһҲкŮ
һʲôİ
Ľ޵Щ˷ܡ
ҾС˰ɣƱƽͣأеûĸоǸһϿѱǰȴиԵĶһĹ
ʵСҲϰϲֽС
һģܳеһҵĸѡġ
ǰһ塣ڣصһǹȥĹС߲С



İʮ£Բһ

İʮ£Բһ
㣬ôһֱңҲóȥҪ
СһΣλһͰ˵Ҳóȥǡεġ
˵ɣϲĸ
һ۲ԶǷӡ
ߣһͲ⸮˻ġʵǡ̫ªˣɾӣС߾Ȼ棬ңۼƺء
һʣСߵڵľͺˡ㣬㣬밡
ǺǣУҲ룬˵˵һ⸮ɲӰɣӣܸѽߣ򣿡
ְൽСŵˡ㣬ĪǣҼ񵽵ġ
۾תתȴúЦˡ
񵽵ģ
С߾С
㣬ҡ
˵Ҫӡ
һأֱ档
ⶫ͹ˣҲǼ񵽵ģ߻ôһЩˣ㰭ۡ
ûоð۰㣬ڹܵĿࡣ
С߿顣
㣬Դ׺һҲɰˡĸСֶɰ
ܲĸ˻⣬ҲֻѡһΪˡٲãôɩھ棬ΪһʵĻ
УʹáѧļˡңԼϲˣǲָܺɡ
һĺתЦҡͷԣøҽһ£ӵô£Ǻʣȥס
һᵽ⣬ѧˡ
㡭
ͷԸ˵ˣҾôȥ˵е˲ף͵һ߲ôӷء
𡭡ҽô
˵ô˵һһǵøһһӵ顣
ѧĵ۶ԽԽɰˡ
ҪôɰʲôǿɰС
㣿
ѧһûޣ£´ʵ
㣬ҡȷʵˣǣ־ðɣ˵ǻң
ŶüСɬӣϡĺ㡣
ı飬ֻ˵Ӷ˼ҹġ
˶ģȥ˵¾ͺãô֧ʵģʲô֪ĻǸŮأǸ˰
ܵܣԽˡ˵һö˶˵ˣôԽԽȥء
㣬ңҰһԣҲ˵ǲǰˡɣһΪֹΪļãأּǰɣش
һĵĻ
Һú˵
ǣҺúö˵¶ôǰ˵
һҳȥ£ǡǡþһ䵥С۸ҳҪקˣĸϽ˵˭֪СȴǹúӶ¡ҵʱǸСҲû̫ƽϡ
ȵȡ
ü˵ǰʱ򣬻ǸССĹڶ󣿡
С߲ôҿڡʮӰɡ
Ŵ졣ˣΪʲôСЩʱԸ͸¶ţ˼СﻹûһСͷءʮ꣬˼ҵĺӣҲǿ˵ˡǰɣ˵ҲС˵㣬õģʮߵԺһЩɡ
ǣţ۲ݰһСôͰ캺ӵĸסˣ
񱶶棬СҲ̫ɵ˰ȴС椣⣬Ⱑ
ѧֱۣ˵˵ʲôأ˼Ͳ󣬵ĺܳġ֮ģᷢ˴Ҫ˵£ҲǶĺܡɣһܻ᲻ԽĺԲ͡
գգۣ˵ǶԷʩһֲǲģ˵һЩΪ̫硣
ðɣ˵ٶҲŵģߣҴȥϼʶһ£ʲôͯġ
һˣ
ҲǺ棬·
ڻһܵܣء
ôصļͥҲԸ⣿
Ҫ˵ɣȢһҲǲԣֻҪСϲʱ򻹲һ׵ȢˡǣôһӣԵĻҪǹշŵİֻһʱϲԺɲǺء
㣬ģȥҾ֪ˡҲ棬ֱȥҵķķ˿ء
˵ţСһǲˡ
ƽʱûóԵĸСӣ˭뵽СȴСͻô
ôóôƽʱûԵĸ㡣һСܺóԵȥ
Сҡͷ㣬ҲǴţѽСļõģȻǰҲĺóԣǣĳʳȣԲһ㡣



İʮ£ƺ

İʮ£ƺ
Ŷôá
һ£ǳ׵ıȤ
˵䣬˵һƬľĳЧ֮ܵĻŵҲǸĵط羰źܺá
ǡ걻۸ŵСסһ˼ңӦǺǵĲŶԡ
ڿһСƺסĵطܺá
ǼסĵطɲǺã㿴⸽û˼˰ɣ
е㣬ǲࡣ˿Զ뻹ԶҲ徲ˡ
ȫСˡһ¥һ׵ԺӣҲԼ޳ġ
ǰһ¥һ׵ԺӣЩӦ
ԺӿżãǰݺȫһЩïʢֲǰӣһЩˮľߣһЩСһĻ̨
ĵطóĵĻ̨ò˵ĳϡһСĹӺˡʲôСܰ⸽ȫ󻹰ʰ˵Ư
С˵ǰҵæ˵˫æڵӪ̶ӣܸӵ˳̶⼸ĸɫˮǴСĹ԰ġʱԵĹζôǲǸоܲģ
ͷˮģҪģζҲܾͬ棬ȴǼ𣬼ˮ֡
ԣǼҵˮгġЩôǼҵĹ԰ɷֲңСɲֹЩĺáĳʳҲͬĺáǰʱҸǼһЩԵģǿȫС֡
һᵽǰЩ֮ģҲԵͷ
Ҫ˵ɰɣ˳ҲأôҲ˼ζҲǳĺܡ
֮ɣСķˣ̾Լʶ
˵䣬˵Ժǰһһ׹Źֿɿ㣬ƨǶ͵СޣϵĻŵϵĶ
Сǿڶӡ
С̧ͷһ˫ںڵ۾뵽Լҵ⺢ӳҲͦɾɰģȻͣòŰֵģһ˫ۿŹµµתʮֵĿɰ
СǿôкóԵġϽǰõǺ͵óʱСġʱСӵԭǣЩȻСĺóԣǵһδżȥңôҲñʾһġԲųʳСߵﻹŲٵĶ
С̺Ưһġ
ǰɣ˵иƯĽģСǿ֪ˣٺ١
Լҵܵܵ۾һֱЦĻӴԶһ㡣ֵ׷Ҳ̫˰ɣôûˣͿʼַġ
Сǿأ
͵ں濴ءҺʹҪڼ￴ңûȥ
ŶȥҸڵĸȥ˰ɣ˵õĿң⹷·
ֻһ׷ҽһ˼ҴҲ׷ʸҽ˵ˣ˻Ƕ̸ɡСһһ̧ͷJȥһһס
⺢ӿͦϡġ
ǣǼҲ˻ǹŶ˼ĺܡ˼ˡ
ǺǡЦⰮ˼ҹǹҵĹҲúˡеŮûҩɾȰ
Ҫӡ֤뷨һʱһܽһɫģƤëǹ⻬İë
ֻһͶŽͣȻĻƤ˳ëģôһͣӡۿˡ
ǣһͷë˵˲ͱˡһͷСţӰСĳëڹ
̧߰ͷһһԺŲ⹷һɨҲ֪ô£ȻȫĴ
۾һֱͻȻܹǰϡһֺܵá
һɾ˰ɣ⹷һֱȣһҺȣܿɰң˳˳ëĹӣֱһ̫ˡ
ƾģ˾ͻªһģֱӺԲƣңһıӱ顣Сǿֹĺ棬ǣûǰһֻȻǿɰûϰȥֳ
ңҲ֪ô£һһаĸо
ƻ󰮸
ûж֣涢һĹ
˻ܿ²ˣò˵ⲻһͨĹЩĵܾһˡ
ĴƣȫӲһµͷҲصľˡ



İʮһ£

İʮһ£
Сߣʶʱȷǵһ
Ŀƽѧģȫֱ㣬㲻Ǿã
ֻǾ̾ϻ˴Ĺôˣʲôأ

ǡʱԶһϮɫ·ζţһɵϮŵζϲģСߣҲǼϲֵŻ㡣
ΪǰҲڼȥζġ
㣬
С񵭵ͷûеСߵĽܡ
ЦλС￴ûȫҲɫˡ
һ˫۾񣬺ĸˮһġ
ȻûȫҲɫ
Ǻ촽ģˡһֱƤǼõģ߳󣬼Ƽ˭Ƥ۰סǰСȴѵõġ
ʵͿƤҲܳƤˮ飬ְ͸ź죬Ȼ̫Ҳ˾Ŀˡ
ѹС߻˵һλСһӴͻԲ͡һţҵˡ
˵Цˣⶼ߸ƽʱȤңϡҿ佱ġ
濴ǰλЦĸˡ
ȻŸװˮļƯĴ۾һϲѹָղŴƻԼ˵һƯ˶ֻǣ˶еˡ
ô
뵽ü
ѵһˣͣһЩ
ðҲд⣬С˵ĳʳȨ߶һ
ΪŮҵҡ
ٿһС˵ķʽر𡣡
Ǻǣһһ㣬߸磬ջ𡣡
ҪҰæءȥɻСߣԻ˷ܵӡ
ǲٶ˵еˣ˼άͲˡ
˵ˮ֪ܲСȥժһЩǵʱӴؼң
ͻҪ󣬶˵һ㲻ġѧһ֪ˣԼҽغӴء
Щ⣬ֲнһӴһЩҲ˵һ㡣һ룬ҲͲټˡ
л˵ô
ȵСһ뿪ֱʳ
ˡð֪Ժӣ⼸ǮŻô
һոµĶ¥СԺǰݺķ羰ˡңⷿҲ١¥ôҲв¶ʮˡ˹ģԺӣнҲֵǮġûһ϶ŪҪģԺ滹ۼģǼɽǲˡ
۹⣬ȻĳǼɽõĲϣǼõġмˮصĵطǶǿɫש飬һͼ۸񲻷ơ
һשīשˡһСôң
ǵģȫģǮˣȻҪԼٿĹš
С˵ǰǻΪ±
˵ʲôڣио˲ԡ
Сϲ㣬ң㵱СŮӿҿĳҲᣬҲôϲԸС߽Ӵȥҽ㼸⡣ǲԸӴŹСߡ治ǼҵĴơ
һͫ׽˭
˭Цˣտڵ񣬡ҵĲ²ģҪϺúûţȰ͵һ㡣ϣвٵøɫ۾űˡһЩһĺӣǸǶĽһ㡣ֵ̫ˣʱӦõ鷳ôƺ󣿡
߳һֱС˵ԼĽôӢڿҲǸСˡǮΪʲôԼҪǵȥЩίӣ
ˣǺ鷳ٰɣమˣļˣԸܵ˺ô磬Сܣ
ߣȻԱ
չ黹̫ˣʢżǺ£ǶʱȴΪǴ޾鷳
˵治ϲŤ̫ԸƯ˶ˡƽʱϲ˵ġ
ͶࡣΪ㣬ֻһҪ㲻СߵĻ֣Ҫĳ谮ͬʱֶ᲻Ȥ
Щ̲סˡ
ٿ񣬡ʲôҵˣģ
ԾģɨĵĲȻӿ쳣Ψһ뵽ľֻǸԼƵˡʵˣǿкܶġ룬û̫ࡣΪ˲һֱ͵š



İʮ£ԭдԽʿ

İʮ£ԭдԽʿ
ֻңˣ⻰˵ĺûѲɣ㲻ˣ
ЩǱŤͷ˵ˣ㻹ƯķϣҾһЩԵ԰ɡ
˵䣬ʼÿˮһַۡһǸ۾ͿԷˮ棬ȴɢˮһģһɵʳζ
ɨȥ㿴۾ɴһ𾪵ӡ
̧°ͣǲ⣬ɸ㣬ˮԼġɺķҲٵʱء
ԳԾ
һˣ治֪ġǣӶɢ˵Ͽ
ſɺãСҲ˵ɢǰСʵͬһطġ
ɳδСŵĹ⻪ˡ
ɫ
ţһƼġ
ϲ濴һǴԽġ
ԳԾСȻֹĺСǣ֪ܲԼԴʵһܣǾǿϸ΢ɣСϸڱ˿סȴĶġ
Խôԭ
ɢҲǴԽġһϲʦʦһֱǵŮˣҲһλνĴԽĹֻǣԽôԽ
һ̣治⣬һЩôԽġ
԰ɣֶҲûԹġ
ӹһЦţȷʵûԹġ
һ飬žйɵĹζƺ÷ģɫҲͣǺ
žͼθڣ˵ҲǺóԵġǼҪʳˡ
˵С۶顣
һƣ߸˵ˣĸСһɵĺܡ´ΰǴɣȻ㲻̫л⣬ǳƯСһǣһǺϲġ
ãһΰɡ
񴹽ޣĵʵ֪СǴԽʿʵҪùٸѺġΪһˣǶĶܶ࣬Ҳࡣ
˵ֻ»Σյġ
СȰ㣬ôģҲһüסһ㣬ڷ˼һᵱġҲôĺӱ˼ҷݺʱҲˣⲢáһŹâΪʲôһأ
Ͽţ񷴿˼ʵղҲǹ죬ֻһһ˵ԼĪľЩųˡ
ðɣ˳ƯķϣȨһء
л㣬ҵĻҲǰ˿ԼСԵľĺ޷԰Ρ¶ˣС߿ô죬ֻµʱȢԼλʦһǵﲻźһô
ֻһľͶĽ
ѽʲôãĳҲȰңĻ죬Ͱ߳ȥˡЩʱЩҲˣҲȫʰĲءˣЩѪȲб飬˽ءǼԡ
˵ԵģžãСʵôʮСӦе档
ֻǣһ棬ֺ֪һЩĹ
СһСߵδֻУâ̫ҫۣĺô
Сı£ûϵ˲ˣʱô죿
ƫƫ˼һһɶҲӡ
棬ġֻĳʳĿСò˵ȻЩӵһĸо׿Щ̸ĳʳҲã̬ҲգҲȦɵġ
Ҫʲô
ǻصԭĵطֻǣҲزȥˡ
صԭģ
ü
ǰãһһ飬ǾڵͦáԽô£оƺ̫Ը
ɢġ
Ҳġ
˵ǸνĺڹѸʲôģǲҲĴԽʿ
ڹѸڵĴͷˣܻ⣬Ҳơǻᷢ첻ǧٹֵĶǰɣĵزãһֱŻȥİ취ԾͿŴ鼮Ҫҵȥ·
ǲ֪ģֻǸ㲻ףΪʲôҪüܻؼҡǸңжòһֱġ
صңصȥļҡ
Խ
ɢ˵ĸйŹֵĶ
һ̣ͻȻЩס
Ĳֹ
ʵҲһЩ˻ġ
ҲǴԽ
ڴԽǲ̫ס׽ƺֿһ㡣



İʮ£СŮһ

İʮ£СŮһ
νĴԽӦǴӱĵط
ǲУǻεһЩȽĶ磬вٹŹֵȥĳУܰװڿ棬иֱݵĶ
ɢ˵棬ЩֻС񣬵ǿ˽һ£һ
ѽС㣬Խ˵ԽǱ߶ء˵ĲǾǵôԣ㲻̫˽⡣
Ҳȷʵǲ
˵֪׻о
ЩõüˣңȻһġ
ҡͷ
СҶ㲻жֻʵ㣬һƼЩһλ˵ԼǴԽһʱյһƹ»꣬һֱ룬֮꣬ٻصȥĹҡ㣬ǲҲģ
ѾŴ֪ͣ˵ʲôˡɨһۣקסǺúһ£㿴Ǳ飬дУȥ˺δ
Ȼһġ治֪Ǻ£ǻ¶ˡ
ǱҲЯģΪ̫һֱڼﰲȫĵطҪһԸһȥҪͷȥɶǣ᳤ܻµġ
㣬һҸȥ
ֻ˲䣬;ˣһҪƯ˶ĿԴԼҵؼҵ·
Ȼ˵гдġҲһհ紴ԼĶ
ǣǻǰĴѧͬѧԼûļߵģĵԡᣬűĳԵĺܶණȷʵǼζġ
ɢ˰˵ȥԶϴ˵ڷɶһĵתƹģλʦԸ˵
λʦ֪ɢ˵飿
۾΢
ǰ˰
ǰټӦδɡԸȥһߣбҪ顣һ룬˲һ
һˣҸһȥɶǰɡ
㡭ȥ˵ʱô죿
ڼﻤˣ˸ҶҼôġ⸽ʮˣ֪Ƶ߸磬ҲķԴһլˡ
ԭء
뵽һֻ¶ɫеĴ󹷣ЩЦ
ǹҲǱߴô
԰ôֲ²ˣǣһɢ˭֪һ̫ƤһֻҪȥ졣һɣʹˣҵʱҲǴȻȥקȻˣҲա
ѵһԼĵˡԻҲ˵ĶһЩ֣ⷢЦеǰǻ᲻Ծİѻ˵ˡȥɲ̫õ顣
ȻЩ㿴޺ǲСĵĻ͸¶˲Ӧ͸¶顣
С治㡣Ҫһؼҵ·ǿ԰æԺõ͵£Ȼ֪ӵЩֱ£ͿȫġϣӵһЩµͬʱʵеҲӵвһı¡˼ֻصĸȴǱء
𣿡ˡԴӴԽһֱĻ˳˳ˮ׬Ǯ
İ취ǲ
˾ԼǸҪƤҪġ
дһæһ˾ֻܸɵۡ
һ뵽Щ⡣
Ҫ֪Ǻ޼䰡һ뵽ƺԼЩܣЩġ
Щ飬Ҳ˵ġͬˣҲ˵ʵ̫ˡ
ôˣС񡣡
һֱСﶼһҲµӡڵã֪ᵽƣȻˡ
Ŷû¶㲻˵ƵôȷʵǺëأΪƽűȽУҾһֱеĴƿ
𣿡
ɻĺܡ
ߣתɶΪ죬ƿһֻëڱͺëһֻôĹ¶治̫ýء
С񰡣˵˿ء
˵䣬һϸˡ
ڿʱһ۾
һɹð
۵ֳɹãԭɹءɫ΢䡣̫̫ɶˣ
Ҫ֪ڹѸһˣҲǱ˳ΪɹõġΪڴҲڽһЩӦñ
ȻҲ飬˼ұ湦ĺð
ǸüĿĸʱ˿˲ɡ
߸Ľ㡣
ǸСŮһء
˿佱˼䣬תȥˡ



İʮ£Ǿͷȥ׷

İʮ£Ǿͷȥ׷
̫ϲ͵飬Ҳ̸ֻһЩʳ
˶оʳĺ֣Ժ̸һȥ
÷ҪĻǻĵڣ÷ѡ
һųԵģһ߶һЩĵ¡
Ҳ֪ǲѣһ̸ͦĵġ
ȥʱһѵʳСЩȫˮûȥǳԵġ
㣬Сô
Сߣ͹۵˵һС֪Ŀ
Ҫ˵ɣȢһνĴԽĹΪޣġ
ֻǿС֮ϵġԺһӣҪܵľǱѹšȻǷ޸ãһҲͲˡ
һ統ǻС߶µһ˰߹ôڵĽ޵ء
ֻ˲ȥƽһЩʧమűСӡ
㣬ôడ
Сû뵽ôһʱ䷴Щˡ
һĶԴһ׮飬ңҲ˺üꡣʮ꣬ٹҲԳˡҲ˵ֻҪͿԱü˹顣Ȼǰ޳ĽŲ˵˼СĹһ˵̫ɵģ׼ô
㣬׼˵ġҵǸżǿСǸʱǸ΢ĵƵС㲻֪ʶʱǼһƶ״̬һЩƷû¾鷳ǿҲǱ۸ĺܿģСû취ǲңһӾȫǰѪļһեȡɾˡ
ҲǴӿ߳ġԵͷֻҪԺһ֮ģؾͺˡ
ûǰһж໵Ǽҵİȣˮ֮ģų죬ϵȥ͵۸˼ûджڼҡһ˵׵ġСŹӸǴдưæͱǰ۸ˡ
У֪СﲻˣôСôԺ׺ô
һС߸νˡ
СĳɳǿһġһЩʳңСǮſʼıӪĿǰΪֹ԰ũҲзǼֲĶȷʵˮֶ࣬ҲڡЩ꣬ҵԽԽҲȫһԵʡǣǲǺһ֣ҼСɳĽоҵκһŮ˶޿ȡġ
Ļ˵СǣȴЦˡ
ţǵԼ޲źáСӻЩЩøŰһ㡣ϲǾͷȥɡôõĹߣҲܡ
ԼɵӵܵиоҲǲԵġ뵽ĵЦˡ
˵ҷȥ󣿡С߾ϲˣŵĿԼҽ㡣
Ҫ˵ǷչĻչ˵ҲֻһСũׯһˡҪĴ˼ңʵеѶȵġ
ɣС߿еģһˡ
㣬һĺլĸˣ;ǱˡΪĻţҾͦáѧҪȢϱǸ涼ܸɵˡҵ飬ҵδҲһֱڼǿϢõġ
Ǳ߶ȥ˵
תҵ
ǹＫס
ﰡ⺢ӣҲǵ뷨ϵˣеˣҲȥɡ˵ģһжԼѡ
ҵǾãСһеĹС˵㣬ȷʵҲ£ҲáȻ˵һõ˼ңСٷܶꡣǼңʵҪ˼Сߡ˵ˣϵ˼ǲ²͸İ෴˵СȢһͨһ˼ңúֱҲһ
İԵͷ˵ļסȻЩˣأʹˣٹϼ꣬ʮ꣬һӵˡʱô˭Ҳġ͵õ󡣡
ֻǣҪС߳ףĹҲ֪㣿
ûӶ˼ҵˣһǿקɣ㲻˵⼸ҪôʱҲһҡȻ˵ǣһ¹أδĶϱҲǿԵ𣿡
⻰֪СߵĻ£ûˡȻһл񲻻ᷴԲС



İʮ£

İʮ£
ҽܺһڼ
ĸ߽һߡ
ǼڲһǮ㲻Щˡ
ɨһۣǣ֪ǼǲȱһǮˡǣЩǵüš˰ǳġ߹ӣһôŴԼҽˣ
ֱԼ˵ʲôֱʰɡ
ڴˡ˼ʹϵҲΪҵĺõķ˼ң⸽ʮĵ֮ңǳˣԵҲҲõġӡҳ˵Ǽõģֻǣ˵Ǽǳ˵ģүҲͳеĴ˼ң
ǰҲġڣʵҲ롣ֻҪһ뵽Ǵ֮ңĸζڲǣԼҹǸʲôҲġ
ΪܸɣͣҲǺܿ
ұҪôʵܷôСͷǵ̸˵¡ȻЩɲôȥ롣ϾʵϴʮҾͿʼ׵˲
ҲǸСӣСЩ굽Ҳֻһ߶Сغš
뵽˵ĺɵ񴽱߾˼Цݡﲻ֪ĵ뷨
˵㣬߹治ġÿεǼûԼˡǿǸɶģϲűűҿĳѽĴġǼҲԣ͡ɡҲĻ飬ܱıĵ˵ݡԿηʱҲܷ
һˣǰͲԸ⿴Ǽҷ
֮ǰʹûʾʱǰ˿Ǻ޲ðǵѪˡ˴Ƶı뺷ԼܸɣһȺ˵Ҳôˡ
ǿĲУЩûĸεģִ⡣ǰʱܵһЩˣĸ˼Ұǳ
ΪŮڣǵһˣŮʵ˼ҡңȻǼõġҵ˼ôǰ߹ֻһǰҲ̫롣ڲһˣߵĽϾֿϣ
ĸһĵӣҲǷꡣѧҲǺģҪģԼʲôġ󣬺һԺɵһҲǲܽܵ鰡
ôһ룬ľ˾
ҵĻ¶ˣ˲⣬Ҳܷǲǣ
֣㰡⵱ҵģĸ˵˼Ҳ˵İѲɣ㻹ĴڼﵱϹﲻɣЩɣǵһġ˶һЩȻʮʱ򣬵͵ĺһжɶ˼ˡҲһƬձҲֻ˳
ԸԼ˸ޡȷʵģ󻷾ôһ¶̫ôţʱҪ˼˵ˡʵǸСӽȻ˵Ĳ̫ģγ֪£ʱõ͵һЩСȻʱ¶ɲð졣
Щ꣬ԼܰȻ£ȻҲǺ͵͵йءֻǸСŮ㣬ƺȵ񰡡һᷢôࡣ£Լһ¶زסԱʱòϣϣЩĺܴġ£ִôĹңôļʶһŴȣ෴ģʱ򻹺ܷ
дƣѾˡ
ˣҪףǾ߰ɡѧ˿е㺩ɵҳŵǻ˳ۡ
ϱⲻ˵Щգ˵˼үġҪ˵ɣ⸽ʮ磬Ҳһүô˳ĿͲ˵ˣǵġؼ˼Ϊ£һһĺð֮Һǿӣɶǿˣ²ϲ
ˣ§
һˣǿܹأˣڼ˰
ƽᡣ
ֺϹ˵ˡҲϣãǿŶģҲܶõġǲϴļˣֻһˣǺǣﲻ˵˲Ϊһʸйȥˣӻع鵽ʱ˫ìܾͶʾʱᣬջʱδķѡǵҲŴ˳ˣһġүףǸʵˣҲΪϲ㣬Բܶ



İʮ£ŵϱ

İʮ£ŵϱ
ˣһ߶ѧĵĺðɣǸô һԺһЩ˶ѡ
񲻷
ǼԺǿҲܳͷذ
ôͲ߶һء
ҧߣЩεĳһôѵĹ
ĸ˵˼ң˵˵Ҫ˵ǧСΪ޵˼Ұھĵؽ磬˼Ҳ˵źµġҲ㲻˼ҵһ¶ҿɸ˵ˣǶү˾ͲҪҿˡ
ĸһУ񲻵òͷˣȥȥ˳̽һǼҶҵ̬ȣǲϲҾͳɵӸɨسȥˡ
ǣȥ̽Ҳáʵ˵һ¶
ôȥǸ鰡
үҲСܳ¶ҲʧΪһź¶
һ룬Ͼ͸ڴŮĳС
ȥۼɶóԵģõģ򲮸ǴһЩȥ
üǲ鲻Ըˡ
ڶ죬ûдٵĶšҲ׼һЩģһЩԼǰһԵĢ֮ġһЩʵڸҲǽҲԡ˼ңᱡЩûܡ
ҵǹۿ˵͵ģɲ
˼ţĽŲˡԶԶģһʻ
ƣ
һֱһ˷ܵӣŻˡһɫ϶Ǹо˵ϢȻô㷴Ӧءһɫɱ˭
û෴Ļ˷ܵǰȥһϢúŰҴƱıûУǻһּõ㰡ôζеϤ
ڴɻʱ򣬳ͣ
Žһ޵ڴ¶
ҽ컹˵أֻ㡣
һ֪ ǸģҲƽһֻ֡ǣ˵΢ǰԼһֱӵЩ˼
㣬ͷһˣ಻á
ãƳһ۴ƣкͷģҼС˶⵱ĵȻҲöһЩҵĴƣϳİɣ
ǹܵٶȻزϳˡ
Ͻҡ֡ˣԼžˡ
ǣһһ˫ĺĪľЩĻšŮǿ࣬ҪҪȻǰɣжͲ̫ˡһѰĹҪ߼ĴڣԾͲƽˡ
ͦµģô˻Ĺͦٵġ
˿ʶ㣬ȻһѴƵɹˣǾˡ
ȻʹƵһЩϵеݣǲԸ˿˵֮ġˣһЩԾֶ֮һҲΪεġ
ЩСģҼɶǰĲˡһЩСӣֵŲԷˡ
Щ൱ϲü۶ЦԭǸ˶ôһЦ˿Ŷһչǰ
񿴵Щѹ߸ǰ˵ҽôôģţȷʵǼġ
ҲŮӵص㣬ʱ򣬻ǵһЩʵСĴڡ
лл񱻿佱ļǺܺߡ
㰡ҲǲףôЩӭѶϣҼ㡣֪Сû˵һЩ顣꣬ҺСߣﶼڸ浱˵Ĳ
һı飬֪ѧǼһ϶û˼С˵Щ顣Ҳǣô˵ء
֣˵ĽݸһЩ顣
ǻǼʣ˵ʧ˵£˹˵ĴڡһӱΪūϼңν˺ķݡò״ͨ˼ϵǺü׽ˣĽݼҵСԺ󣬾Ľݸ浱һͦūš
㣡
ģĪľʹˡ
ֻ˵顣
ʱС٣ҲģСͱ¶̥ге㲻̫ӦЩһֱڵˣҲԲһ㡣һ㣬㲻ǼС߰ɣ
ԵĵġҪ֪Сǻಡһֱǳġ
Ȼôǿѵе֮ģСߵҲͺǰûԵģţ϶ûġ



İʮ£Сϱ

İʮ£Сϱ
ڵľͺˡ
һ뵽Ǹһ§Լ쳣Ӧ׵ĺܡңҲı£֪Ǹ彡
ѧȻǸһˣҲǲˡ
л㲻С֪ỶϲġһΣΪȥˣСߺСŶ˴ſڵϡСҲ庮ܶˣʱٵūŰ۸С뷨ȥߵūţ˭뵽һһҲܹˣС˶ʱС߱Ҿŷʱֻʳһ䣬ǲҪˡ
ԭССʱܹôѰ
еۡ
һֱǸˣǰֳɵӡңҲŲǾһˣȴŲΪ֪Ĺȥ
ңڴ˼ҵūţ赽ҲԲҲů
Īģһһ㡣ʵҪӴҲ̫ѡ
ǸùСҲǸĵֱʵˡһԱܿѵˣϣ˴ǣ֣ҪԷܳþõȥԺǵֻ˸Ľġ
ǣ㡣Ժ߸ˡ
ӣ˹Сӡ
ǰǰ⵱չҰˡʵôСȴҪС߽и㡣ǺӣƳˣöʱֵĻǸһģɵöൣŵ㰡
Ǻý㣬һֱչ˵ġԽİɣһ˹ܺõġ
ۣίˡСԴϡϱȻ󣬵־ˣ뻹չԼǲʡĵĵܵܣţ׵ء
ˣһίôشεСءº굱˺ӣǸѺǳ籦ԼһĹңʵС˵ҪġԺС
ò˵СڶĵĴĦ棬ȷʵѧתġ
ܿ͵ҡ
ֻȨҹһ³УǹԱסĵ׵ҲݻġҲйоصĵضԺ䣬סĻʡģݻ
ͥԺŵģҲûоòӦ󷽷ĸȥһ·̸Ц
͵ȵĲͷˣһ˵λˣҲ˲ʲôöһ¼ӣֱ˦Ÿ첲סĵضȥ
ˡ
һȫ
ǰ˵Ҿڵ
֮Щǣʵġ
Ҳ֪Լ᲻˶ԷۣǿϣǴ
һ˲䣬زµĹȴҲЩ
ˡ
һƼһżˮС˳ͦģҲСһĽ෴ģСԼ۾տڣڰ׷Ĵ۾кԼĺ棬Сûļһ˿š
ǰһץס֡ѽ˵ҪһСŮһĹ֮ǰе㲻ءϣмСŮѾͷȷʵǵСŮǰɣҸӡ
˵䣬ľ͸һֻɫһͼӡ
ӿӫӫģɫһͲǷƷ
ȻС׬˲ǮҲ𡣵ֶʱǮҲһĵġΪãԲ˼Ҷǵɴұõġ
ʱһλ˺ľ͸ԼţЩܳˡ
ˣɣһͲǷƷ֮
ܲܵģ㰡ǼС߿ϵѾͷίˣôСҪǸϴһˡ
Ŵ죬ŵĿһ˵Ǹ˳ˣ˭뵽Ȼ˵ѧġ
ˣ߸粻ϵġ
ҵǰԶСǰɲǸô ѾͷԿôĪҼСʹ˵ʹ˻ˡҼС߰ɣǸ˵ġ

ãһλԭ뷨ʱе׹˼ڱİѶԼҲŲһĹ򣬱ǼӵĴӦѧĵĻ¡
ʱ򣬿žԼһĸŮȻң˼žôȦӡ
ðɣҲҪˣǾʹ󷽵ĳˡ
С侲ӣһСǣԽԽС˵ס
һ˫۾һƾǸ˶
ĹСһ׵ġʱˣమģһһ



İʮ£

İʮ£
֪һĹ򣬾ͱһλЦеģƢõδŶλɡӺ׵ֻȫ󷢺ôһλЦ˵Ĳš
һ֮Уġ
֮ʵҲΪԼСӰһ¹أСӵ۹ô˼Сչûʽ˵׵˶⵱δˣ˼ȥԵҲڰһۣûȥʽ档
ת֮СߵĻȻһޡ
˼СССľ˵ˣԺɵö˺һ㡣ôϴСľͿʼ˼ң֪Ļء
ѧǸίô˵ˡ
׳ĺòáңڵһԱ⣬궼ַˣȡСˣҲʮꡣ
ʮ껹۲أֻСˣôͱһزίί
תߺС߾ʹסʼԹˮ
㣬û˰˵ôһ˵ϰǸٷС硣Сҽ߸еĸˣе˵ôء㣬ô
㷲СӣԷЦȻе˾Ǹɵء
ţҳŰɣҲġϡ
ѧĿƵЩЦݡ
ҲǺһϵģһȷʵԵˡ
СϵЦݽӲ
תЦ뿪
е˲ⲻɵô
۵ʱ̫ݡ
ʱƶתֵۣ˷֮ʱһγ֮һעĿģҪƺڹˡ
һһڶ鵱Уһ·òһϲʦˣ·ϵˣĿӡ
ʵǣһһģȺУҪ۾жۡ
ôһߴʵСţӹһµһӡ
϶е⡣һüĹߵĺյĴƣͻȻͺëֱ˼ģֱǰ졣
һ·ϵ˧ǲ٣һ˶̫ˣһѹ
Զˣϲʦջ
еöʱһƻ˵ĴеĶȷʵǾԣһҲ̫һ㡣
һףˣһû֮ģչѾͷˣҲǼҵԵְɡ
ϲʦƳһۣҲûǰЩ뷨ˡ
ǺǣѲСһпһ۾ϲʦһݺݺȲ裬ˣ˵Ҳô꣬ôȥҲû
ɰ׵ˣ⼸Ҫ׼ߵ飬Ҳûļİš
ʼɫ΢졣
Ҷ׺߸Ͱλ󲻴͵ǼҡڼҵദһҲԵĵġһ˵߸綩׺ҲǴһͽֺûͲ¶
һ뵽쾭飬εĸо
źĵڶ죬ҾýһȥԼ˵¡
ôʢ飬ȫڵһ֪ˡ죬һ׮¾¡ض¡ȻʱǴæһ㣬ȴǸ㹻档ΪҰеĲҵȫƸ͵
ʱ򸸵Ļ˵ġ
ǼǳӭȢɩǾټΪƸƸ㣬Ҳܱ㡣ֻҲȷʵˣĪҪ⡣
ټ֮ΪƸ
ʱϲִһ㣬һٴ룬ҲΧ˽˶ˡҪ֪סһӣҲƸ
סģµķӡһ뵽һ㣬ӶеΡ
߹˼ңĸ
һ뵽ﵱʱĻ
ǰĺĸǰһֱҵؼҵ·ǲ֪УģطԼļҡ
ٿԶǸߵĻˣЦˡ
ʵԺõġ
һŵĺܡ
ƺ
ѧҲʱͶ
߽˲䣬һ졣ǰûСжÿġǽ쿴ˡʵҲô
ģѧ˷ܵС
ЩʱСһǾľǸһġ
ɵãҲʱһЩˡ
һ˵ԼҲʼءһ룬ѧ̧һ㡣СһֱӾٵ
ڳˣС˾˵ļϣϲһֱŰƣƯƯ



İʮ£ҵķɳ

İʮ£ҵķɳ
СȻ˵ǻ˵ʻ㲻࣬ңһﶼƯġ
ɰ񶼰תѶ
ҲҪˡ
⳵һ·Ȼ羰ʲôǲľˣһ˻ǻߵġʱϻе㣬Բ̫ġ
һϲʦŵˣҲһ·
Ǽ飬ҲֻһС
ǳ춼ڳţ˶ġҪģŻţ
ʱǵö߶һܾýչ
̽·ȥء
ߵţĺ˵
ŶƻĹô
ţһΣգʾġɫһ㲻ãǿ֮ģͻȥ˼ҵıˣͦûġǽ㻹Ǿûˡ
һ뵽˵ҪԼɫʱȻǴ˫۾ǳɫа
һ˲ǰţȴǰ洫һ
Ͻ߰ɣǰ·ͨǰ̫ˣ߹ȥسá
·ٵġ
üһ·ִٵǿʮ˰ɡҲһ·ϵĴٶ飬ŸŶ
ǰ˳ǳǣдٵˡ
ȴôٵĶ֣ɼ˼˵ķɳǲġ
һǲģһϲʦˣһЩҲʲôϾһȫһٵˡһγŵ˲°ˡмһֱһҡǼϢһǲǵĴڡ
Ԥϵһ˺ܿͱɨ塣ǣҹĽ޵˵Ļȴ΢ǡ
һƬˣƺһĪϵڵ֪ǵ·ߺ󣬲ûǿнʦǵǰȥʱǸɽկֻʣΪһЩˡ
ϵ
񲻽⡣
ǵģҺʦһֵģһϵôô˷ɢҲֻһѡеһϵ
һ£ҲһΪһϵһ𣬾Ȼγһ־һĴڡ
ǲбһֱ׳Ժ϶γһɶġ
ҪҪĽ޵ܽתȥæˡһ··ϾͿʼĲ徲ˡ
ǵ˷ɳǣҲ֪Ƕʲôİ
ϸ룬ԽĻҡ
ԤϵԽǵɳǵĵطԽĻ
ⲻŵһ棬һЩ۷׷ס
Ů˵Դ밡ĳԹӴզҲ˯ôõˣôôµȥְ
ǰ͸˵˲ǵġ֮û취˴ȥˡһסס˴ꡣûǮûĶ˺Ⱦ֮¾Ͱ˿¡ҲһλԱķ˰³ǡɱӴ
һ¾ĸ˵һ¡
סһԱˣŶһũׯšǰʱǱһ˽ʿˡӴԺ˵Ծӣסϡϧ˺ȶˣͰ˸Կǡ
ˣˣ̫ƽû¶ҲҪȥ˵вٵĽʿҪ˵Ҫҩ֮ġ˵ʲôЩҩ˳֮ġޣҩ˻ó갡
иǴ峤ͷѵڴӦһɢȥ
СʱǰѯһһƬĽ
λҲǴԶǷɳǵġһֱǷɳΪɽ϶ԵʣҲţԱңضҲǱȽϻҵġɣôңȴǼ¡ġֻΪҹңһƬҩĳĶడƤëҲ࣬ҪģһЩصɡ˵ǽϵʬģһЩӪģడ֮ڷɳлģҲΣյġ˵췢ˣǣתͱ˼Ҵˡ˭ȭͷ˭ϴӴ
ͷ̾һǵͷҡͷؿ̣ҷȰλǸϽѻȫ뿪ɡܵˣҲЩ͵˰Ȼһ·˾·
ϲһֱͶô
⵽ҲǣЩʱҲֻһˡֻҪһ·ǮʲôģҲ̫šҲ֪ô£պϣ˰ԽĶˡĵأ˵Щ˵ĵضҲвٵΪѽ£о̫ƽˡ



İʮ£ͻȻı

İʮ£ͻȻı
õһ㱨Ľ޵µüҲûչ
Ҳûѽ£һ˵Ҫˡ
һܽᣬķľ
ϲʦνĺܡôʲôԭͲ̫ƽĺܡĸʱûҵʱҪ˵Ҳ֪ЩġֻĿǰ˵һҲҵ
׹ĽսȴҪ׼ˡˣ㵽Ҫ㻹֮а
һսɳǾͳսе㡣ʱطֻӵĻûסţҡ
Ͽ濴ңʱҵ˴
һֱΨáļֵեȡɾزֵġʵƺҲȥأ
ϲʦһ仰ϽͷҲǰԾġ
ϣȷʵǻİ֪ԼһĹϵǳԻĽ޵µ˳Ĳë֮ءһôҲ취һ˳ȥǵҲΪ˳ǳ
Ҳȷʵǰһ켣еġڣλʦΪǵԵʣԸʹ뿪
һʦǵԱǱıĽ޵µԱô
ЩɨһһǵȻǰһνӡҲǣһֱһ̩ɽѹҲ治ɫĴڡ
ЩС£˵Ҳ򵥵ĺܰɡ
ʦǲ⣬ͽܵģǺЩǵġ
ʦһηɳЩңȻǾ͡ȥɡ
˵ĶʹˡΪʦǵ뿪ζҳǵ
㲻뿴Ϊʦˣ
ԵĿ
ȴǵɨһԶСúӦþܻˡʱ򻹻м̫̫һطҾҰɣãҲһˡ
ʦ㲻ѽٺ١ɵЦ
ġ
Цĸͽܣһʾʶ
һˣһͽô
ɲܣʦǲ̫ˣһǻסһɣ
ҿɲһסһҵˡϲʦ)һֹҪը
ʦһ߶ȥ
ףǰһȺڹſе˼
ʱһȺͷϴŲεĹԶһȺȫ£ǱƷĹ︾ǣ񿴵Ŀࡣ
⣬жٵӣܴôһͷ
Թԣ˿ݳءǰ˵һ壬ԼֲһЩСףȡĸΡÿһˣ԰Լȫ´ȫװΪ
Ҳֻ˵ѡʵп֪ˣȷʵǴͷţȫǮװγİһǵĴ磬ǾǮѳġ
˶ǻӣжǮ
Ϊ׵һλ΢Բһ˫۾Ĺ
СƻһȻ̺ɫһ˫ˮɨʱһͦ
ɨһʱȴŵϽͷ˫ֺʲվһߡ
ɨСʱ¶һĵЦݡС糤ĲҪҪȥһ£һؿ˰
С߱ôкĹŵĸϽǰһ̫ˣҪҡ
Եİһ죬ٻͷλ׹һȨģ
Բһ£źʼ磬˳۵ˣ˰
˵꣬ǰɨĽ޵ʱһλԲĺϢˡ

⼸λҲſȥ˰졣
üҲֱͦˡ
һȺƺԼ˰
ӣһǰѺǴȥ¶ްɡСһǿ϶ϲҿ⴮ϧ̫Сˣֻܳһ㿾⡣
˵ţĽ޵°ѺϷȥ
ȵһ𲢼С
һ˵Ķķ򸾣濴˵ЦݣŮɫ
ǳģֻʣһķۣ˲ѿ汻谮ŵġ
ȵߵǰʱƲסĿĽ޵£ҷǣҾÿֻźǣǶ׻кˡȻҶúȡġ
ס
ǰ˵ĹҰҺޡ
ȻƷ࣬ҲǶԼҺܸˡǰˣϲϲˡǲϲˣǾͻֱ˵
ǴĹʱ̫ڣ˾òϲˡ
ҺӻףҲнġĽ޵ȴش
üһЩĵС磬Ȼ㳤Ŀ˵Ҳϲ͡ǣôԴұʾѵ˵㲻Һ𣬶ңҲ鿪šһһ޾Ŀ֣ԡָܸо



İʮһ£ɳ

İʮһ£ɳ
ô󵨵ıҲС
ʱų׵˽⣬ǵĺˬô¡
ͳǰһλһϵˣµܰǿȥˡ
㳤ҵôˣҲһָôˣҲʮ֮һᡣõˣҵߵӡ

⻵СӣԽԽ˵ءһЦ
ϲʦҡͷ
£°ͷôء
ȣǡ
С߿⼸ˣףͽյһ˫Բ۾ͷ֡
бŮ˾ҲƵġڲߣҵΨһ
ðɣ˵ҲԽԽˡ˲ͱһЩ£֪һĻɻЩƲס
һ׵ɨһۣСӣǱ黰Խ˵Խ˳ء
С߹һЦҲÿɶǲ
һת̫뿴Ц̫۵Ů鰮ôôģ
Сߣ鰮Ȼ˿ˣȫ˻үι˵Լ֪ˣҰæһˡʲô㲻ҪҲǣˣĻ̸İһүˡ
һ·ԽǿɶǣҲԽҡ
һߣҲԽԽˡ
ӣûоãҲǿһ㵵ˡ
ʵˣĽ޵Ծߡ
С򱻼ڼϿ羰żһҪô˵Ư
ɲô˳ǵʱ˶ϡ٣׵ǳֻһĲȫӻ̡ӣһ·СеĴ棬ҲӰɣ
Ľ޵¹һЦɲôҲġطҲҡ
ǰ治ǰӿȥǶִ
ҡͷ
ط˵ǶˣҲȵ˳ǷࡣȻ˶࣬ȴҲҡһ·ִǶ̫ȤΧۡ
ʵ̫ࡣʱΪ̣ʱΪһԲϴܶŹҪôΪͻȵȡ
֮һִпܡ
ףǰӦǳ˰ɣôоһ
ʱŵĵطУм
ƾʲôҪۣڽǣǶҪöͭǮһһصģɾĸͭǮˡ
ɲôĸͭǮ㹻һһĻʳãǰֻҪһͭǮڵãǼ۾ˣضҪգǲֲϰյѪ
ǷҲ޸ɣյľյġҪңǾĵٵȥ֡
ޣǵٵ˭ȥ
Ǻǣٵ˭˭֪ڵ˾ҪˣĴ·ϡɲҵʱô
ɶһĵٵģҪ뿪ˣҲեȡǰ
Щٵİҳ һȺĸζġ
ǰһȺѪǲǮ
ˣѼܺá
һѼܺãĽ޵һ˳ţһȺسŵʿȻѼ׼һȺ޴ϰա
ɶ⡭
ѲɣȥһˣɶһĻʳðȫΪһ˳ûˡ
ô֣ҲܲסȺ˵Ĺԡ
գЭ
һߵС㳣Ľ޵£Ҳ֪ҪôġѯʣүҪСȥһ
ĵ㡣
á
СǰȥŶӡ֪Ǽ۵ĿڵĹү
ԵģôϻС𣿡
صĳǹƺţͷӦ󣬱С㡣һҪٶʣ㿳ͷļơ
С΢΢һЦŶԭҪεĹүҪһЩԾǽŵǮҲŹǰ˵ɳǵĹүһŰòƻȻô۷˰ء
Сӣлµġ
ҲǣҽֱָүշѣҪ˰ɡС磬ǿɵкãҼϸӣеӻûǰˣҼ˿ɵҪ԰
ǰ棬صֱ˼һԲ׼ɱĴˡ
Ľ޵°üԼһεĴ˻еƢ£үģܺõȥ
ҳӣݵôϻǼȥЩ˸ˡ
Ľ޵·ϲʦֱӾָŻȥе
˿һԼҴ˲ûֹһӿϣ˽żһ㣬׼˸ס
ŶڿţĿҪɣԵİ֮ģ˰



İʮ£иŮ

İʮ£иŮ
ѽǴϲ°ҵĻʳʡˡ
԰԰ֱˡֻǲ֪άֶð
һȺˣҽӹٱ췴𣿡סĹٱ¡
ðŭ𣬴Ҫƴļơ
ιԱĹӡڴˣ˭˵췴ţǼǰҾʹǣǷžɹٴ˵¡ôһˮҪҼҴ𣿡
һȺٱܵİգСϵĹӡʱһӾˡ
ԭιԱˣ˼¶ûɷչȥ
ǰǰλˣȻûд֮¡СĶ˵Ҳǲϵģͳһ˵Ҽ
ɲôǰҪϽɵĸ˰ǶడһλҲ֪᲻ǰǣǿסڴѽ
ǳ涼ˣ˵£һǮǮءǸ˰յĶˡ
µ˱û룬ɵãҪ
ǳ£Ҫ˰Ӷù

Ĺٴˣ˲̫ȳϡϾǰĹԱţ񼣲ϰ
Ľ޵ҲûĽֻͣǳСԸ˼䣬޶Сȥ
һ˳ǺǵȺ˾ͿʼȥϢһֱҲγ˹أ÷Ըһ˾֪
ҲΪĽ޵ÿһطܿٵ˽ⲢҰ
ǻҪȥźλִ˽һء̾۾ȴµµĳϲʦ
߻治ŵЦݣѾͷطĻҪȥűߣΪʦȥһµĵط
ŶʦסˣϽչСһϵ̬ȣõȡϲʦһбһǼαɣȻǸαװɣˣ˼ǰסء
һȻڣͲȥסˣѾͷԸȥ
ɶȥ㲻ȥͲȥǶûӰѾͷߡϲʦһֽУֱקסǰϡ
¼ЦŷЦһͳе˼ֻǡΪʲôԼһ˵ʱϹͿȻ˹ͬĵˣͻŽһˡ
һҵԺӾȻͦģŵĺһ㣬ĽĴԺ䡣
ôһԺӣ۾
ʦʦǾ͸ס˰ɣôĵضϲʦһס尡
Ǿˣ塣Ķţ֪λʦҪԼǣòϡ
ΪʲôԺϲһЩӵء
ĵһסСܵġ
һ˼һ£Ѿͷ˵ĺͦԵģǾɣҲǿס
ã⵱סմ˹ŮĹ⡣ͻȻúʧܣ۰ͰͿһʦǲѽ˼һǺܿɰô
һҲһۣҼɰ
һߵϲʦҲŵͷǺǡЦĸⲻⰡ
ƣʦҲҵʦˡ
һʦֻǣҸϲɵӡ
ϲʦ񲹵ܱӣʦǻһЩġ
ˤ
ܱСޣҪô衣
תĽ޵ĵʡ
Сţ˵ǲˣʦǶϲңֻСǼˡ
Žź촽СӣĽ޵չҧ䣬ţʦǵ㵱Ȼǿɰôô档Ϊȴɰı
ôɹ˲ˡ
û̧һ㡣һͦ
ţлʱ򣬸ĺܡ
ûļ˵㱻˵Ķġ
һҹһζԷദ֮̽֡
ֱ˫ﵽǰĩеĳ죬еͶ˲Ϣս໥§ŴϢݡ
ӣҵôҲɰı
ͺá
˵ĺ壬СŮ˯
Ҳһҹڰ׹λƿʵȨİ׹ڲЩ顣
񡭡Ů˭
żһĻָ
ǸһֱŬŮˣһҹͻȻһ֡
񡭡֣ͺòˡ
ˣҲ̽һŮˡ
Ȼȫ½ŮӦúܶ࣬ǣֻҪдµĿ꣬ҲͿҵԼˡ
뵽Цˡ
ת׶ͻأˣӲЦӭǰ塣
ţôˣ
ǡôã׶ʹͷûഥ
ЩҩǷϣôʦ׼һЩҩضԵǵĲ⡣
ǰҩƿ׶ֽӹ
ھմ׶һǵ˼άܼ򵥣˳ԺȣͲˡ



İʮ£Ĺ

İʮ£Ĺ
ɳǽû̫鷳Ȼǰһθһٵ̯ӣĽ޵Ҳоˡ
ʮĹ򣬱һӦϹ
ĺ֣Ҳ졣
һºҲķɶҲ˽ϴı仯ҲĴվ͵Ůˡ
ҲжꤾͳŹ
ǰвŵڽֵ׷ҪǮҲûˡ
һתΧҪǿҪǮǰ֮ˣҲ䵽ǱȥǺӡ
һǵʱҲܵǰɧš
ڵķɳǣǰķɳ𣿡
ȻˣڵĹүʵµġһ£ɳǾͰࡣǰĺɣҲûء
ǣϾǷɶǣĲҲ⼸ڹˣǿһԲϾҪ˵ġ
ǺǣǿǰˣڰڹҲҺɡǷĹأֱ𡣡
ôˣ
ǡǴ˵ˣǴĵ̣ҪȻˣǾȻȥһ˵
ؼȥѧϰһǣ԰ԺǾǰ˵
ҹߣ֮ǴĶŮôء
ǰúľźáĴҵ˰ˣôҲֲ֧źá
ְ֧ǰԵٵûøУһλ˸ı䡣
һЩۣȺеЦˡ
ǰͷʮ죬ͼôҳšʵǽֵ̫ˣһű׳¡Ǹ˵ĳ֣ȴҪɨ˶顣飬ôҲΪĽ޵ʱץΰ
ڣŹȥһ£ɶǾͰࡣңһյۣԼҷջ˲ٵء
һ߶Ҳĵͷˣ˰ɣǼүôġ
ǣǼҵѾͷҲôġ
ôû
СѾͷ˵ҪȥСԵģҲû
˺һͿһеĴԶ·
ˣˣҸղö˵ڹǱ߶ңԼҳɣڴˣ˫ء
ڹ
Ľ޵üôо̫ˡǰĺڹǰģȻҰ˾Ӷ࣬ϣǿġڣƺһжֱˡ
ɲôа׹ҲʼռСҡ˵вСĹңȫ׹ǿռˡһңڱȰ׹ҪҲ˷²
⣿

Ȱ׹ĹҲˣΪ²˵治ˡ
ԷˣǼˡ
ߣȻȥ
صֱȥҵλʦ
µõϢڹһκˣһ˾Ȼѡһʲôɵһͷһ𹥴ڵĺڹȨߡƣúͻнˡ
һڶô
ڹǺͰ׹һҡȻֻϴһӣչ˵Ҳ⸽СĹˡһҵĵȨߣ˵¾͵£˺ǲ⡣
ǰһЩصɣʵСġһҰģڰﶯһЩֽţȨûһǾһͿˡ
İȻγ֪һء
׹ǵսҲҪʼˡŰ׹ȥҲǹǺһвǷ飬Ǳ߹صǰҪæˡ
һΪȻĺܡ
ȴǰԾġ
ܾãԽ
ңᣬи˵Ǻ顣ȻͰ׹սڲúͿʼˡ
ǿʼʱ򣬰׹Ҳ˲һǰֻںڹһҡ񵽺ã׹һһ֮󣬾ȻȺڹ˲١żң͵úʹˡ
ڷ˼Ĵ׳ԣһС飬սˡЩʱ򣬻ֻӦð׶˵Ҫαսڣһսȴһˡ
ڹڲúҲϢڹǰϹڵһµ˾յŮΡ
ڹһŮ˵һϢܵĹҡ
һϢҲǺþûӦ
һŮˣû˵˾յŮˣĵ˺ڹ
ǰˣһϢڱ˴һ𾪲ѡ˵в٣һ˵ҲֻһܻʵۡʵģʵˡΪ˿ǸŮڵϻϺ󣬻Ҫ˵ķԸ¡



İʮ£̸͵

İʮ£̸͵
ڿ˼ڰǿܻϡ
ȨˣˡҵҰĶС
񲻻ֻ֪ԼһϷ˵
ȴʵʵңսٽβʱһ̸СҲһ̸еУڰˣȻͬһҪ
Ұ׹Գǣȴһ˳˵һˣһ̥ıǵòһˣһλáڹ˾Ůʵۣ͵ʱ򣬾ȻһҪ
Ļʵۻûһλ׹λ»ʣƲһ䡣˼һŮˣҪġһˡ飬СԴӷսʼ;ҪûҲġ
ôҲˣڹ˾ջʵˡ
׹ƵĺŲ裬˾ôһ۶һ˼ҵңйļȲ죬ԡǱҪġ
ңҪˡ
ۿ˵ĿʼҪˣ˾ɫࡣ
λˣڿڰûõʱ򣬻
ʵ˽ʮĻʵۣͷˡ
ڵֻҪѩȥɢġ
λȥϢգһһĴ𸴡
תҵѧǸӣҪ˵ƯҲһɡ⹬ҲкЩǿġǣȴûֵúڰ˶ҪҪķݣ˵˵Ǹô£ȻͬʱеúڰһҪˣ
ѧס
ϣ˵ʲô
ûɣҵˣȻӡ
ʱпܡ
ǣĸֶˡ
ҵĪǷ˻Ҫһѻĸˣ
ԼҪ𾪣˾ƸǸѻĸˣкúڰҵˣͷԸڵС
Ҫ֪ΪĶϴԲһ̸еġ
ֻôҲû뵽ҵˣȻôܻŮˡ
Ǹô
Ϊʲô
̵ģĪѧ
ɫأǰҲһЩƺڹˣһϤ˵ʵȨߡ
˾ŮҲˣֻǰæƿźڹѡ
Ȼϵĺܲġ
ͨһŮˣôͨҲ֪ġЩʱҲֻ˼ҸһѾͷ
ǲΪ˻飬ֻͱɳԵˡںòһңĸŮѵ˿ҸǿҪڵһУ
ѧɫࡣ
ӣôԱ衣
ǵһʱ䣬ľ˾ôñߡ
˾ô֪ܲԼĳӵ뷨ء
⣬Ľüһ
ã޻ΪСٰѳӵŮ͸ͣ
ѧʩһ񣬡Ϊ
ЩѰ졣ǰˣɵˣɵĳ֮ģ¶Ҫ׳һսĺƽֻǣ޿ɲţǺڰˣΪһŮ˾ͶǴʲôֻԼô
Ҳɵӡ
ҪһһңҪԼ񣬲Ż˴ӦȻһǾͻǵʵ۵ȥ
ѧȫ˾ơ
չ飬һ˵̫ջġңҲҪú÷֪ͨǾ
ã⼸÷һӾҪӷɶǹ
ڵսҲβ
÷ĲܣӦùٹ顣Ҫģڳ͢һЩҪ顣
뵽ѧԼȥһˡ
˾ƽ׼ˡ
ת߳⣬ѧǼĺܡ
ؼҺ󣬿Żںͺһˣķ壬ѽ˵˳
ЩͨŽ϶࣬ҲἰǰһЩ顣ֻ֪һʩ׵ˡǰ׹ξҲ˵ĹȥΪҲἰ˵Ǹ˼ȶңƢһҲȶˡ
һ˭ѵĽƵ˺ڹʵȨߣ
Ľƣ巴̫ˡ
֪ԼСǸƯ˵Ĵڡ
ǣûе˶ǿС
˵ĽƣСŸˣ
ţֳɡֻǣЩһֱȥ洳һֱټǰ˻ڱ߹أ󷵻صʱ򣬾˵ˣӴһȥˣ˭һֱˣĽƲɡˣҵĵ֪Сʱ򣬾һֱֻǵľͲϣ󰮲ɣһȥ˱߹ء
Щ
̾һ
˵ˡĺʲôƫƫе⼸һڶճˡ



İʮ£ۺദģʽ

İʮ£ۺദģʽ
ڲЩһʱ򣬶ôӦһ档
ҶüһҪӦҵˣֻҪ˵ǸصĺڹѸɣͿԸ㶨顣
ڹѸѧĴ󾪡
ɣЩ˵ǣȴ˵ġΪһɵˣĶȫǸ߼Ҫģ滹ƿŸ޴һִ֧Ҫʰڰȷʵ׵ĺܡ
˵ڹѸɣ̫˵ġ
ߣ˵ûԹô֪˵ˣҾãһ£ǽġֻҪʣû̸ɵ⡣
⻰ѧͬġ
ˣͻȱ㡣
ȱ㣬Ҳͺ̸С
Ͷã£鲻ܽô
æռһڹѸϣȥһӡĸСӾ˵ǺʱҲ֪ôˣ
һᵽԼļֶֶŮѧͻȵĺܡ
ǳô⵱˵ĻƼĸɰĸɫСɰȵĺܡ
УҲֻЦŵͷĪʺ˵һ£ǾʹڹѸܴ֡ǶһЩ㲻ǺڰôǸа׹ڵĻʵۣһҪ㶨˵
ĪģǶǸĺܡ
ָоֵˡ
Լһʼͼȷеˣ˵ҲǺĴڡ
һϣƵľԤкǿ
УЩ飬ͷϱˣȥǡ
Ŀɷ뿪΢ʰһװȥ˻ʹʺ졣
ŶȻ飿ҵˣҪСӣе˼ҲǸõģȻôɼҵˣжŮʱ򣬻˶š
ʺһеģ԰ʺɲòҸСӸˡ
ʺһۣţңҪء
װɵֻΪʺ󵹲衣
飬һ˵Ҳ˵ʲôءҶԻʵ۵˽⣬˾Ǹþ͵һߵˡһ飬ǻȵķӲСչǺò׵Ҹûñ˻ȥ
ͬ
ɲôΪϣܿҳΪķϣĹһء
ĲĵⰡѾͷˣ飬õİ취ȥһѹסڰĴڡȻǸһģҲֻ¡
尵Ծġ
ʵҲġ
ǰѧǰ˵ɡ
ʵģҲ²ð졣
Ѿͷ֪һصɣ˵ͨȥδҲܴ췢ٵĶ֪һȻһȺŮˣӵеȴǼΪ¡ĿǰΪֹû˸ȥǵĵ죬ǸϣǾһеߴڡˣնˡ
ʺҲǸмʶˡһҲĵɴۡ
ֱ彲ˣŷ²յ
ϧ̾ɱ
⻰ͻȻòˡ
Ȼϡ
ʺĻӡ֤Ĳ²⡣
ΪʲôҾûأôһŮ˼ɣʱضѽ
ĸϽſڣһ͸ӲˡܻըҩҪҪ˻
㣬ģģȻס
ʺɵƵĿû˵Ҫס
Ľˡʵŭ𲻶ϡ
ˣ岻ãƽʱҩ̫棬԰æг붣ҩˡ˭뵽Ů˾ȻһҪףϲֱڶΧƵĸо
Խ룬ʵ۾ԽȻ󣬷ͿһĻôҲǲ˵ĳ档λǰһ߸ϵˣһ߰һˣһ֮˿ҲҳļһȻһһĿǽ
ûǿǽ
ٿʺĹУҲû̫Ķԭһֱ⹬ȱЩɶڿӦȱ˰ڼеʺģûڼġǻʺĹ棬ûСЩǽͿ˲ٵĻ
ʺóҲе֣ƽʱû¶ǽϻϿģҲǻʺƽʱЩ
ѹεҪЩȫˡ
һСԴڴָ̽̽Ͻ뿪
룬Ҳ˳ȥʱ򣬵ۺҲٹעǸϽ߰ɡ
ѩ
ѩַ࣬ӣҡͷʵ۸ֿʼˡľʱиְ
ۣѾͷһɫ˵иʦ



İʮ£Ժ

İʮ£Ժ
ѩ滮һʱйѩĻʵ۵һЩճʱ򣬿һѩӣǻеᣬΪҪѩΪôġ
ǻʺǶʱҲǿҡ
ǣСѩԴһҹ֮䳤Ů󣬻ҲͶرĹġ෴ģڻʺ󣬵ǹĶһЩһġ
ֻǻʺ˰ɣһֱϰ˻ʵ۵ԶЩ֣һҲû־ϲǻӡ෴ģʺһȻѪӶԴʵۡԹߣʱҲֵ
ΪСѩĹϵϺãԷҲ˼ġ
ѩСҪˡ
̫ˣϲľǺͽһˡ
ѩĵĿЦݣҲԿο֡
ѩ˺ʦѧʲô
ҲûʲôǺǡ
ѩ֣һ潿ӡ÷Ҳ˼顣
ǣ֣𪵽Ƶļİ̾ĹҲ֪δĸиܰǼõġ
ѩûδҸʲôˣ
ûһһҪʡղ˵һŹֵɽʲôڹѸģ
Ųһ̫ͣȷĿѩ˵
ŰҸղžʱͻʺ˵Ȼʵ۸ͳҪǽˡοţǵðǽʺҲǣΪʲôǵô̼Żʵ׵أ
Ҳѩ˵ۺ˰ɣǲҵġչ飬ǿƿǼɱȨĴڰ
ѩԺڹѸĴںܸȤŶ
СѾͷտڵӣ󣬻ǰԼ֪йںڹѸ˵˳
ԭǻôණ㻹֪ЩʲôԶ˵ѩ˸
Ҿ֪Щˣ˵һܹŹֵɡŶˣ˵Խ𣿡
ѩһСϽҡͷû˵ôˣеʰԽȥԽȥԽĵط𣿡
ףǵģԽ˼ܾǴһطԽһطľ˼ˣ飬ҲġѩٴڹѸ飬µۻʲԸӴЩ
Ҫ˵ɣۻҲѩԼ׹￴
ǰǶѩ˼ʵֻ֤ǿѩ崿ЩİˡѩҲû˾ĵá
ڣֿʼŻʺˡ˵ʺʱʵҲѩһӵһ˫տ
֪ءϺͻʺһǼõġ
ѷߺ󣬱޺ѩȴ΢䣬һĨĳԵúǴۡ
Խ
ֹһת뿪
ֿͣЪڿջУѺһһı
ȻʦǺϲǣСһǻϲ³
ϴʱСһȴһӡˣҪŮΪҷ񡣡
ֱֹЩڨڨġЦпϴ󡣡ţǼҴء
ĸ׿佱ˣӵ⣬̧°ͣɵľʹӳ
Щڨڨġ
СһЩʱȵġŴֱ׵ĺܲζزһ䣬쿪ʼҲҪ㱧ˣҲء
ԴϣǼҶҲˡ
ͬһ¶ҲˡͦСظľСɰһöƬҲһƬ
ֶ˵һãǹԹǸʵ̫óԣҲǹԹԵķʳ
ҼҶãл㣬֪ιԡ
ܵˣһ¶濪ġͦͦСظֻд㣬Ҳġ
Ҳ԰Żס
Цü䣬лҼҶлܻҹҡ
лСһ˾İ֣ٱһֻС֣ǰȥ
ǰСģҸ
Ҳˣ걻ͻȻǻȴЩŹֵĶ
Уһ˵ٸ꣬ҲġλȣƤҲЦû¶ʱͰֻϲ԰
뵽ĸͷʹ
ûĸССôġ
ߵԵסģõģģеĶȫ
ڴ´Сڰŵġ
˵СﰮҲǺ顣
ǳ
ΪС̫ˡ
˯ǹŵģҪڸƯƲ˯ƫƫ磬λʦԼһģСһë



İʮ£̫

İʮ£̫
ǵģʱңСǡǶöʱ򶼱żٰ˹ΪôССûУ˶ɹʱӶࡣ
ƫƫҲϡߵĸɫûһмܵסСĴ
ֻҪ˫Ư۾㣬˭ʯ˶ҲڻӶָᣬСš
ָĽ޵µҪСȰ˼
ѣ졣
ԣһлǵԼ
ΪܺݵˣҲԼˣһҲָˡ
뵽ЩĽŲĵطȥ
ֽõ塣
ЩõƯġ
Ǽһ㲻ԣͻüƺð졣
СΪԵʣҲСʱɾĳԡ
ֻ̫Ҳ̫ˡ

ĽгĽëһɨŲŲˡ

šĽë΢ġ
ЩֽΪʲôӵأ
Ҿǲˡ
˵ĳ
ϣʵвٵ飬ġ
͵Ǿġ
΢쿹˵ǡ
ͷԼӣģƫƫȴǼɰ˫ˮģί۾ֱ顣ʱĪľ뵽˵꣬ԼĸʱĽ޵Ϊ˲ԣòӲ˵ӡ
ǸʱĽ޵£Ҳ㿴žĶİɡ
ﶼˣʵϣкܶĴ²˵ʱ򡣡
ҵģҲһġ
СŮۣ˼΢
ãأ
ã̫ˣǶŴļӣʱͦϲһġǰɣһ㣬Ǹܺõˡ
ܺãҲǿ˵ġ
ôأ
ᵽЦˡ
ѽʱûǿ£ҪôָӡҲԵˣ黭μǷ棬ԼᣬҺϲͶһ档
Բ죬СŮҲǿ˵ȱ㰡
֮ԻΪĽ޵ģںӵǾ˵ɡ
ʵһȱ㣬ܵǳԵĲã˯Ĳáһȱ㣬ǡ
࣬ҵǲӴǣĸ÷ȥһ˵һǻŵġΪﲻģҲ֡
ðɣ˵Ůġһ̣Ҳ˵ĸо
ôɣ΢СŮô죡
ԴϣǡСãԺ󣬻е֮ĳЩҲҪ̫׷̫Ķʱ򷴵ҲҸˡֻһϣҵֳԺҲһԲ
ϣԼÿһŮӵҲӵг
ΪҸ֮ףҲϧһСҲϣǵδҲҸԲġ
Ƕģ㲻̫ġϲŶģȻкöʱ򲻾⣬һϣܱ˲䡣
СŮϸͻȻˡ
ʵŮҲǷҪǿ
ֻǣҪõĶ
ԭҵԼķʽ˲ѽ뷨Ҳϣ㻹ǶȥߣͿ쵽ˣҲ֪ˣбôˣ
ѧǸӡ˵ƤԺڣǸϲưСһΪˣҲȽϺ棬ʲôССͰư
ҲֻŲŻưô
˵壬ֻһҽնѡԵʲô֮ģȥŪ
ҰЩֽϻ͸СܡҸ˿Ҳƽһֽ涼ʲô
СĲϻԵļĶһء
СܵǺءҲǰŪˣ²⣬϶ǲűġ
أܰưЩòصһЩñȥȥ룬ȥ²͵ĵЩʲôܲ²ܶһˡ
ðɣŮʵܴҲɡҪģĵҲ
һö˵
Ů˵˻ת׼ȥվĻ﷿;ۣöΪ׼һЩʳ
;ˣ͵ʳֲźá
׼ӡ
ȴнͣһ˵վĵطнԵʡ



İʮ£ʹ˵

İʮ£ʹ˵
磡
ѧ˲䣬ĶͣˡõϢ¡б䶯һ˵ľͲŶ
÷ء

ţȴһ˿ӣѧĺܲζ
£һиڡ
Ų΢ͣ˫ڵļµһΣҵô
ѧЩɥ
̫ˡ
Ҫʵܡ
ʵʵעĿУòͷе㡭С鷳
ɬȻһЦ죬ûٶ˵
ѧҲεĺܡ
Ҳ֪Լ飬Сȥǣӵ治֪Ҫô˵
룬һ÷㽲
ţȥɣ档
Ľ޵һЩǰεĵЩʱ򻹵üԵĸʵ۽ҪһȻҲһЩطϵҪŪ
ѧʱҲɫһ࣬ӭ
֣
Ҳһӣѧ̾˿
úĽ޵ˣ˼֮ˣ¶һɫᱻ˲
ϣĽ޵µɤЩɬǺ£
ڿѧ˲䣬˺Щ飺ĸˡͷˡ
ΪĸŻӦòܳµġ
پǷ¡
ף£ֲܵǡ
Ŀܣϳ¶Լк»þ¶ص飬ǣõϢܵ

Ľ޵µ˵һǰء
š
ںڰ׼Ǵһ̸һҵĴǳںšߵǣҵˣȻһҪǾǡҪ
Ľ޵ڵվ
һ޳֮ͽ

ڰˣ׹ǸǷ׿ô
׿壿
ѧ⡣
Ȼ԰ǰҲ˵һ׷ߡ
Ľ޵׷ߣһ̬°ӹˡˣҲ˹ҩһֱڻɣпܣǰڷֻǣûʵ֤ʱ鲻ȷ
ôھֻʣһڹˣĿǰõϢڹʵӦһˡ
ǡĽơݸ
ȻԸϣĽ޵»ɬȻָǸ˻˭
˵ǸĽƣ
ѧ
ͶĸоһֱھܾƫƫҸоõĺܣǿҵ֮ġãȨƣܵõɡһƫˣܻвһ뷨
꣬ѧΪȻĵͷ⵽Ҳǣһ˵ЩԸˣԼҰģȴǿмŮϡҪҿĽƴһʼҰģҪõһЩһĶһֱڻøȨǣ벻ǸµķΧգǱʶѶֲ⣬ݱΪ˵õŬһܶĿꡣ
Ľ޵ףͲǰֻҸǵǿĲ顣ǰİֻΪ˶Է롣ֻΪ˿һЦݶģҲֻᡭ
ҡͷ
İһˣֻҪҸͻԼҲҸġռУǽǿɡ
ֻĬĬΪľͺá
ЩˣҪҽеǣôƲĽƵģ
ѧǺ档Ҫ֪÷ûھ棬Ҳû¡ôоԼƲⰸأ
Ϊ뵽ľңǰЩͻأұʾɡ֣ôһ˺ңһƬС
ѧǲˡ
Ǿ֪ʱʬģͲȷеһĽƣ
һ׼Ҫѭˣǰ׼ʬ壿ڲʬʱ򣬶ǣҪôԸ顣žǰǲȷʵۼǰͨİɣ
ѧͷһӣһ÷治֪Ǻ»ǻ¡˵ģʵ˵ˣĿǰûóӵķȥȡƽǣҵҲĺܣǾȻֻǰǣͻḩ׳Ƴ
Ľ޵ͫҡͷ
޷ʵۻھôĲңˣҪģµҲЦֻǣ˵ģ̫ջˣİװѿصĴڡԴ£ҪΣնɱҡС
ʹ˵ȷʵǲ۰÷˵ľҪġΣ˵Ҫô죿
ѧзۿ÷
һֱ֪һλǲݰʵĽӴ飬֪÷ȷʵǲġ룬кö֪һ֪
飬ֺҲЩ뷨ֻյȡҵľô
ʱĽ޵Ҳ׾
Լܷ飬ȫ˳



İʮ£ɢǡ

İʮ£ɢǡ
ҵɣȥҡ
Ҳȥ
һֱŵ񣬰鶼סҲҪ͵ģʵǣѧһļ
ΪҪԼңôҲܷ
㻹ڼɡ
ҡͷĸӽиλʦǣһȥңҲһνĺڹѸˡ
Ϊʲôѧ⡣
󻹺˽ڹѸš
ţС˸ϱǸԽʿһڹѸ˵ҲпǴԽˡƺһͬĴԽ㣬Ҫҵؼҵ·ҵһԽ飬һһֱҺܺ棬¼磬֮ģҶסҵһˣҲδɡ˵ΪСߣҲȥһˡϾԽһȷأҪ˽һЩ
Ǳøҿ
ѧɫࡣ
֪дԽĴʡ
֪ϣ˶ĴԽߡһڹѸǣпܾǴԽߡ˿νĴԽʿµĴڡ
ԭǵĹңԽ߲µĴڣ
ѧǾò˼顣
Ķôãģ󣬻һﴩԽߣ
磬ЩԽߵⱾЯšȻԭұڱĵطֳֻ¼ÿһ飬в˽׵ġ˳ܷչ˵Ŀ٣ҲǺֲ˵ĲٵʳƷֳ֣ȵȣҶ֤ʵ֤ǵϹҪ̫̫ˡ
ԣҲ뿴һﴩԽ߾һǵʲô˵Ҫʲôһؼҵ·Ҳ֪һ·ǶˣԺ󻹻᲻дԽ߳ȡʵǣһ˵ĵҾáܺ£
ٶ˵
ѧĽ޵¶˽ˡ
һﴩԽߵǶĶܶ࣬һϲˣٹϵصһЩҰĵ˼ңʱҾͻᱻΪһѡ˵֮ʲôҪģǵڷչ׳ԼĹҡطչ֮Ȼ˴ȥ䵽³Ǳ˼ҵū֮ˡ
ϸ˼֣İëˡ
飬ʧȷʵǱҪֻǣһ˵ðҵһȥҴԽߣ
Ľ޵µ˵һ
Ҳȥңҵ˴ԽߣҵԭҰĵˣʱǿǿ֣ǻл·
ѧ̫ͬðˡ
ǣǷȴÿ׳հѧǿҲ±ӣ˵ʲô飿˵𣿡
ãԽɵôôûҵϵ˵ʲô⣿˵ҪôǲмںҪôǿĻʵۡ
ʵ۵λҲϣһʲôѧֹɲԼǸġ˵Уȴĸо
ҲܣԼţȥһ¼ʲôնˣʲôֵ˵Ŀء
ܵһȥ飬Ľ޵һۣ֣ӣ޷һҡ
Ҳ£һҪȥһˣ˵ģбҪѺڰˣһˮȻиĵˣȻûҪֻǴ˽ţҲһһذ
ƤһЦüۼȫơеСĽ޵¾ǰģ
ţҲãûҪ⡣²Ҳûеһʱˣǰ˿ĳһλҪ֮һͳطԴﵽǵĿģ
ģƿذΪԲŻı
ھֹˣԺҲһֹˡϾΪ˴ﵽĿеǲһֶεġ
ʼ硣
飬ĺܵ
ܿƣȻǿƵġ
ֻǣһҪȥʱһϲʦĶ
ҲҪȥԽˣһɣҲȥǸطԽôģһֱ顣
֪ˡ
λʦҪȥĵط޷ֹȻˣǾͲֹ˳Ȼ
ĸСӣҲһȥġ
ü΢ǲ˰ɣ˵ǻһЩŹֵļ룬¶Ժǲ
ǾͲȥˡϣһȻܸɴľ;ܾˡ
ϲʦԥһ£Ǿȥɣب̫꣬ǲҵɢ˵ȥɣҲ
ԭɢǸ



İʮ£Ǹ

İʮ£Ǹ
ɢˣϵȥĵطǾûһϢô
˵Ҳȥһ죬Ǿںδǲ֪ӦڹѸһʹĳ⺣ĵ֮ϡϲʦһεǲٱܻ佲ɢ˵顣
ǼӾͰʦˡ
һʩһ֪뺢Ƿֿж಻ᡣ
鲻ãһԶðңû㹻˵ǺڰƿߣԺǻǵҡ
źȥһǰһɥҪİֻ̥뵽пܳ£Ͳ
ȥɣһչ˵ļ׵ġŷ壬Ȼҿ˳ҲòϣںߣҲࡣǸѵĵӣҲϲĸӣڼչԷĶȥҲǵϢ
ǣʦ
һӦ񽻴ú󣬵죬һʹȽ˾ǵƽɽʵϣǼԸھͷֿġһȴǼƽָ᲻ΣȻҵܸܲһȫδǾѧſ
ȵǰȻʱһС
⻰˵ĺеȻ㲻ᣬȴҲáգһһΣҲĽ޵һ˹
һֱں棬˶жжˡڿ棬ҲûôȻʱһ̫ˣҲǸ顣
ʺڴһƲ˵һ
ȴ֮Щ¡
Ӿ׼Ӧջˮָ֮𡣿˭룬һλĸָ
ʺ㡭ΪβԹң
չ飬̧ͷʳĵɻ
ΪʲôҪԹ˵Ǹĺӣô㵽ԽԽأ
޹ˣλʺǲأемܲס
һֱãŮ˺ջˮŻᵼΪ֮ҡʵϣֻҵĽаˡԼܲסԼģԹŮˣ
෴ģ˵ϣֻ˵Ů˵ıҺúõվҲˣƫҵ鷳£ȴһζָŮˣ⹫ƽô
ԾģһλǸ˵
㻰һ֮ĸ˵治֪ҪôӰ
Ǻڰˣһ׹ŪһЩ˽󣬲ǳӾʲôģŮҲᰮˡԼʲôأ˺ĴڣѲɻҪװϲɣ۶СĸƵģƫҪҺܸ䣬Ӹ˭ء
˵ĺáѿڶһ仰Ͻס졣һλʺˣʵ̫װѽˡ
۾µµתţ˷µҪСʺûһ
Ϣе˵һҲ֪㵹ù̫
ðɣˡϽŲ֣һλĽ̻塣
˵һλڹνʵʻʵ۰ɣһλ˿ۡҪȨƫҪųһŭΪյšޣĿʾˣ˼ˣûеˣûǶԵģŮˣҲᰮĴڡ
ݺݵͷ
Ϊʲôһλ֪ĸо
ǰɴûЩӡ󰡡
ʵǰҲֻǳĽӴһ
һλǸ˶
ˣʵһһ¼ܣˣֱӴԼĻģʵ۴ˡʵ۶ǰ³ĳǣҵĺܡ
˼ᣬôֱӺȳžˡ
ۺϷĽ޵£Ҳɵ顣˭С۵ֻ㣬һ˭ʲôɶҲ֪ĴҲܸõɵӰ
ԭСǸɵӡ
ҲǸɵӣɵһţҲǾ䡣
ҪҪô
ҲԸһֱ̬˵ˣҵôĴ
ȣô죿
ϣĿǰһλӢޱȵڴܸһ⡣
Ȼֱ˦һۡ˵㷸ڻˣôֵˣô
ֱ񶼿Ҫˡ
Լȥ룬Լͱ©ӣȥʰˣʵǶѹҪ˳˵ˡ
˵ǻʵǱҪôôģҲѹġ
һ׼ţҲһɡʵҲûָһλܸԼ⡣˵ĸԣܲҴ̶ǰӷء
л˳
ߵԺ⣬һλ˹



İʮһ£ģ

İʮһ£ģ
ˣүū㡣
Ľ޵ºѧڹҲˣһġֻû뵽Լһ˹Ҳ˵ǡػϤĽܡлл㡣
ţС
лԴҡ
⹬棬ʱѾͷǴ·Ҳнġ
ģҲеġ
ĺ͹˹˺ıȱȽǡ
һ棬Ľ޵ºѧǰϸڶôܵ
УҲˡȻҲΪǸġ
ǸվڳſڵԵˣʱ档ʱü۶Цչһ˲䣬ķ羰ĪԼ๫ˡ
Խǰ๫
ţǻؼҡĽ޵µͷָһɰˡ
ʵǰиһɰĽ޵ٸǾ顣
Цĺܵ壬һεл󣬱ת뿪ִ֣ȥ
˳ִԼǰ

ͦõģе˼ء
ô˼Ľ޵¾ͲˡϵһŮˣô˼ҲȲԼһλ
ǸиԵˣ˱ڹʱڣҲһѹء
ţǸ˵Ļ
ǡϡô˵ģ
СĵӣĽ޵Сӡ
޷Ҹ˵ҪȥҺڹѸ飬ҲǱһЩͨʵ˳ӡ֤һЩ顣ڶԴԽʿ൱ȤҲҪѺڰǣ˵ˣ˵ȥ졣
ãңһЩԽʿȻȫҲܡ
Ľ޵ҡͷ֣ʵֻҸͷˡҼȻٹҲǰѹϡˣô֪ء
ʵӵȨǱĸ̰֪ںڰˣӦһߵսԵͬʱҲԼĽ
ܵСĹңв֮ģ
֮Ի̸УҪ̸еͷԼһʱˡֻû뵽ǣҵˣȻԼͬ뵽ңҲŽ
ӣ˵һȥǸˣҲȥã˻ʲôªıݡ
ΪֹȷڰˣӦˡ
ֻǻûʵԻܿ϶
ţҪȥȥɡҵšĹ˰ɣ׼һЩһȥһˡ
ᵽһˣĽ޵µɫ΢˵ô
ţҲǴԽˣӦܶһЩҲӦǿ쵽ˡһλͲ뿪Сߣû飬һȥҲһ
ʵ˵һǰٷְٵҪȥ
ͳ˵ճǲŲֿء
ҲãҪȥȥɣСڣЩҲһ㡣
һҪУʵʱϻǳġϾʵǶϢ͸¶ȥ˿϶˼һȵ¶ģҪȥһﴩԽʱһʱȥٵȵҶͳһսߣҪȥˣ׼öҲһ¹ˡ
һڣǱضСߵ˵ǵġ
˵ļˣ
Ҳһ·ǣϼҵһУũׯһµĹţÿֻҪȥС
󣬺ڹλܻʵɢʱȴײ˽⾪ŶС̫ࡣ
С̫鼮ڵأ˻ŵĸϽʰ⣬ⲻ͵ġ
ˣ̫¡
ܻʵһ£һӵϡ
Ҫ治͵ģңֻǿ
С̫ĻԽԽСܻʵȴǺʰǱ顣Ҫǵʲôе˼ģʱ˴ĻʵۣҲСһ
Ҳһǿſţͱˡ
ϣȻ˲ô
зһֶ֯Ȼû֯⡭
𾪲ѣԼһСַȥصĲٶȫǿʵмѰֲ֡
İ˵ģ⹤ҵжྫ
һ̣ޱȣתȥҰ׹Ĵ
ţŰд𣿡һ󣬻һӡ
ǿһεĺڹܻʵۣҲš
㿴еģ㿴һ˼˵ĴĶڣ˵ңпܴô
⡭
ܻʵۿдһʱԭմմϲʱȫ˳ǵĺ⡣
ģ¼ĶҲ̫ˡˣ˼һھ͸䡭ûˣ



İʮ£׼ȥ

İʮ£׼ȥ
Уҵúú˼һ¡˶һ˼ԻתȥԼס֮ء
Ͼġ
ȷдģ
ȷǱҴˣԿ
˵ţܻʵ۰ȥ
ߵһĿʮеɨԽԽգҳʱò˵ˡ
ϣ㿴
£ҿбҪҰ׹ˡ
⣿
ҪңȻ飬Ǵ˹͸¶ģҲ뷨ġֻҪĿ꿴ЩԽʿˡ
˲䣬˾Ϳ϶µ̡
ǣСھȥѰ׹
ȥɡ
ú󣬰׹ǰͬǴߵˣﴽһЦǻϬһͨš
˭ԸһͨҪģҲֻŮ˶ѡˣ˲ϲ׿߳
ڹҲֻǰ˻˺
߹˹̨֣Ǿ˲˵ˣҲ˵ˡдĶ˵Ǿ̸֮¼ĶʵģִԽȷʵǺܿµġ
أô׿߳
ҲûҪôţֻǾãһЩ飬ȥԽߡҾ£һУ󶼱˱˵ϵⰡ
ڹ£һ˼һ
ҲգˣҲһ˵顣
׿崹ͷĵ䡣
˴ԽߣȻغǺú̸ôͷԣνĿƼˣֵסԼĶҩô
뵽ΪЩԼҪġΨһҪģҵĴԽߣвһԼ¡
ʵҲ뷨ϾԽ̫ǿˣǵҲǲɵġץһԽߣһƬ½Ҫôȥô
ʱ˶顣
Ǹ˼׼ţôץһĴԽߡ
ԥ󲻾ãջǾᣬһѡԼĹҲҪϢ
սȥҲǹǺġЩԽߣһĽݾ
ͺڹһȥҴģԴԽߵĿ
ǣʡ
˾һڹܻʶԼ󣬻һЦ
ҪģѽҲԣһˣҲһЩ¡
ڹΪԽߵڲʱվϣվ·ߣشɡֱǰһǰؽ
ˣˣӦү˵ĳء
һҲؾְ
죬ǡǡǻʱ䣬һľøԵģšʱˣҲǻϲѡ
ɩӡ
ԶԶֽš
Цˡ
Ҿ֪ǵģкóԵİҳʲôˮҵ
񻶿ӣҲǿĵĺܡһ䣬ദģ
ڵؾպˡȣǣȻûİǶҵɹŮءˣҳԶˡ
˵䣬˼ʹЩҲʱȵסˡ⳵ǰ˵ľҲЩġ
ЩʱҪأһԺһЩ
̾ʾҲεĺܡ
һ˰񣬰ҪȥҴԽߵ˵һ
չҪġʵԴӴԽԺ֮ԲԸףҲһԭڣǾһ죬һһλȥϲҪһ̫ĽֻЩƺܿƷչġ
˳ȻɣЩ飬ôôġ˳ǵԸ£Ǿ񡣡
һǲСϲ
ţ˵ĺеӡò˵ʱ뷨ʵͦõġҪȥǾȥɡ
ҪǣһȥмǲҪ͸¶ԼôԽ顣ΪеˣҰĵļһһȥҴԽߣĿľΪץסǡһԽߣܻʹҲóˡһڹˡһҲѺڹһЩʧѾõĶѧĲˡȻ˲˵ĵġ
ĽǸʲôˣ»֪ġ
ǸһֱҰĲ˵м飬ҲʵġǣʱţȨͣǸˣΪȨķ²ˡ
ڹʲôֵ
֪ڹһһЩŹֵʯͷ˵ĿġҲ̫һЩйںڹĴţ˵ͦġ



İʮ£չ˺ñŮ

İʮ£չ˺ñŮ
ðɣǵĴھˣ֪ˣܲ˵һᾡ˵ġˣˡ
ᵽ壬һЦ
һ̡
ѿڶһ仰һЦˡ
õʱǹĺܿ졣תۣ㵽˳ʱ䡣
һ˳ȥһҸĵط
Ҹںδ
ֻ֪ȥ˵ںм䡣븣ǹ̫Զ
׼˶Ҫʱȴһɵǰ
ôû׼ĳԵô
üϴҪþõģȴʲôҲû
׼ҵľ¡ҲӵĶ߰ɣǳˡ
Ƥࡣɲ˵ԼĶһ˳һ궼ûˡ
ΪһĿռ䣬ܳѽȻֿռ飬ôܵˣҲ˵չ飬Ʋģܲ˵õġ
Ҳԣ㲻׼̫ĶΪ׼ŵġ뵽С߶ĳ谮ǰŮ˰ʱ򶼾ãһŮ˭СҲء
СӰദļãҲǲˡ
ˣǵö׼һЩ֮ġҽǼ淨ʱǼĵġãҪ׼һЩ֮ġǵĴװôණô
СһȥҲв٣ʾͰѴѹ˲ˡңϻҪ׼ˮԴһǺϱرġ
㹻˵أҵĴֻˡʵۻǺЩ飬ϣһ˳ҵɡ
뿪ĵͺǷֿʱĶǱһĸµĺӣĸСһҲа꣬ϴأϳɡ
϶ûࡣ
Źֵģȴֳļɰ
ϡģСѾͷˡ
˶СѾͷС
СģҲƯ˫۾űСʱҪˡ
Ϊﰶʱڰ˶һС˵˼¹
׿뵽˵ҹУһС£ȴǿԼȾơ
ֱһȳùߵʱСϵĸмúЦ
Ľ뵽СʱǸû¾ڴǮС
СһǮʱ۾Ӳӵģϲ
֪ģʹӻͳһöӣŲԶ֡һӸ㡣
ɫ΢΢һ䡣
ûߵĽƣֻǴͷվһߣǲ֪˭һ
ͷһӣЦĺܲá
壬ô֪ϲأ
ԭϲӰ
Ľ̾һɨԶǸˡ
ôȥһƯˡ
ֻǣȴҲҲֿɰĸоˡ
ЩˣЩ飬һˣƺٲһʱĽƲ̵֪Щ£һҲزͷ
壬ȻÿҲʶ㣬ԲҪ㿴׼ۣе㲻òŶǳ׵ķˣôܶһҸ׻᲻ôҲԵ̫һ㡣
ССܽ᣺ҾãƷ£е㲻ԡ

е˾ĹֱЦ
Ƿ׿壬Ҳﴽ
µĿϲ˵СֻãСһƺǰСʱҪĺ档
СѾͷƺֵǮնȴвٵĺñ
׿ϲҲ׳ŵһͨ«
ǣûнţߵһӽ˹
Слү͡
׿ԶĽ޵£һЦ
ллСŮܵλҲҵĺܡһٲϴҪˡϴ׼ɡ
ȥ
ﲻڼ㡭øʦúչ˺õǡ
ΣҲĺܡ
֪ˣҲҪúñǸŮˡ
Ů˵˭֪Σ˵ҲġǣһӴ񣬾Ͱѻ˻ȥ
һֵȷʵ̫һ㡣
ǴӣǴǰ
ʵ룬Ҳ̫ġֻǡԱһѡ
Ҳǰοô
ҼҴȷʵǺܴġһҿ㲻ҲҲ²Ķˡ
һ䣬ͷǵôڼš˭룬ֻСһ̫ˣֲ˵ԺСһһֱ˵ǸŮˡʱֻǹң뵽ⶮµļһҲ͵ء



İʮ£

İʮ£
ǴԼ ͵չ˺ˡ
֪Ϊʲôһ뿪ǣҪӴһȥһ
ÿһֲá
ôãҲǵ뿪һ룬ò˺һѺ󣬱ת뿪
Ľ޵Ҳ̫ܡ
ЩȻæµϣҪ뺢ǷֱôãȴǵһΡ

еܲ˵ճľСȥɣһᶢżǵġһúõġ
ֻȥ£ôô᲻ءǰҲȥµô
ѹ˵ˣһûҲĥߴĺġˡ
˵ĳһԷ򸾣̾ò˴
һСӣ̫ûˡ˴󣬲ŷֿ˼ĸ
Щ㱣ȥĽ޵Ҫҵ㻰˵ҲС
浽ǵһһը𻨡ˣڶͷһЩ֣ǻһߣҪôѧ֮еġ
ʽ淨ҲЩ˸С
ֱں˼Ҳַû취һֱ˼˻ǵûȥǡ
Ϊ˰ȫСһ棬ҪôǺĽ޵һȥߡᵥһȥ档
ͷ¶βļһǸԴһߣܸǵϳ
һһı飬һžη岻ѡĽ޵Ҳ֪ЩҪȥһȥɢ͸֮ġһ˳лб֮̿ġ˵ԱҲвʮ
һȫװġ
мһǴסĵط
ʱ򣬷ȥɢҲһɴСȻԸţҲֻܳ붼ɴС
ÿȥܽյĽȵָоȫԵ˺漸죬ܲȥšڴľˣҲֻż߶һ¡
Ϊһ˳еĴղ̫࣬ĸһշռǿҲһߡÿŽⷳʱԭܲ
ʱõҲһ ȱٵҪ
û¶һЩŹֵĶ˳ҲһЩйڴԽ顣ȻÿνǸʱʱС
ּѧˡ
˵ִ飬ѧϰ
ûΪѧϰ̬ȣһ죬ϴó
Ľ޵ҲǼÿһ顣⴩Խ֮ԻᶮܶණʵҲΪǸʱĿƼΪ
֮˲٣ΪƼչ
ʵɣʱ˺ֻܴǶ̫ˡ˵ļʶҲֻаƴһƬءǶͨ߻й㲥Լֻģ˵һʱ˽⵽ںڰ顣е绰е绰źŵĻͿԺͻʵͨˡȻǰǿƼΧҪǵһƬطˣź˲ܡ
񼸸ľþöˡʵǣ񽲵Щ˵Ĳ˼顣ǣ֪ȷʵǴڵġ񾭽һЩ˵顣
ʱҶҪȥǵĹҡȥˣҶúѧϰȡǵĿƼ棬ѧܶܶĶʱһˣҲлǹҲһ
׳Լ壬ǷԼͬ뵽顣
ɬȻǰǶʱ򣬲ϧֻ̫Ѱˡڵãңʧȴ˵áҲкõĵطǾǣвٿļóԵʳġǶȻƼˣǲٶҲǱƻĺܳ׵ġ
ȾҲǼص顣
вΪ׬Ǯ¸취һЩʳãȴҪõʳĶһԺеĲż´СŮӣͿʼ¡еСкӣŮһĴڡ
ִ񼸸ˣһ˵һŵɫס
޾͡£᲻̫һ㣿飬ȫǲİǺǣǾΣʶʵϣǱȷʵ顣ΪСͰСӺһЩһЩΥʳԺӺȵĶˣ幦ܶҡ꣬߰ͱŮӶǣΪ˿죬òѺӴҽԺȥٴһЩƼصҩ
һ£˳׵ĺˡ
ǰִжãھ;ãʱҲԼĺô
գĽ޵̾һԿ˵ϵһУʵҲãȽҲաʵڣǺڵõһЩôʱЩĶҲһ˰治Ķ



İʮ£

İʮ£
չ̵У϶źõĺͻһġֻǵÿⷢչڱףǱ׶ʤףǾͷչڻģ϶Ҫһһȥ
˵õ˵Ŀ϶ûСҷĹ۵㰡˵˵ľƧѹǰ˵ʵŴǺܴģֻǲ˽ǰˡڿȷʵġ
ȥɢɣҲȥߣǼһЩҲʲôġ
ڲ̫ˣʵǺջ飬Сȥˡο㡣
Ҳ˺ü죬Ҳٴ֮ⷽءҲ͵ͷͬ⡣һȥ
ǻƻԵʣ˶ɢϣעĿ
ֹһ䣬ͷ¶βһЩˣžôءˣƯСҲһֱŲԸ͸ǼˣǱţ㵽ˡ
֣ݵú˵Ҹ߹ģڼеˣҩܶࡣ滰񶼺ͷʹ
ȻĽ޵Ҳѧ˲ٵƶĶǻˣˣǻ᲻Խľͷʹܡ
Ǹ˻ǸˡҲЩ⣬ŷ׿ǰԸԼôݣһط󣬲Ӧ˵ô
ǵĿǰΪֹҲöһо뵽оʣһ顣԰оһż䣬Ǽֲ̫˲еı鰡Ҳ˵׿䲢ȫ档
Ҳǣ갴Ľ޵µ˵ôߵˤ棬ٱ˶ȥ˭֪᲻;ʧ䣬Բ֮ܳء
ЩʧĿܣʵҲԼǵҲûҪǰôź°һˣ˾̹Ȼࡣ
˵Ľƣ
ֻڽɽ֮䣬ʱǻûõ˶ԼִţԼħĿǰҲ̫˺ԼһѰ˼ǰߵĽŲҲЩ
ѹûҪΪ˶ίԼܵСӵĻŲĽ޵ﴽ֣ˡ
ǰȻûȰ˵ίŶˣĻǾñƽġҵСӣȫûҪЩȻֻϣҲ˲ٵ顣
¹ЩĶо˲١
ֻҪһ뵽ڱ˸ֹŹֵĳӣôҲþͨ⼸飬ȷ֮Ҳͷһ㡣
ڿʼֻǰһš
ĵЦݣĽ޵ҲЦˡյбϣôһЦɽˮЦݵıɫ
û׼˵񣬿ҲǴģС㰡˵û³ôƯʲôŮ˿ţҲҪŪһ¡ο˵أ֪ЩǣԾǻ
һ˵̿סˣ۾Ƴһߵˡ
ĺܣӣҲ
һǿȴעĿƣ֪ˣһ󻵵İǺǣ϶ƽʱû¾۸˽㡣
Ҳ۸ˡĽ޵ٴǿ
ԶĽƿһ˫ĵ۾˶Ǳλһ
ԭǰһá
֪ģ뵽˵ѧԺһЩ¡
ٻһ飬ȴ֣ⷢѧԺһЩƬΣȴõĻˡ
£ʱҲ£ôֵ׷¡
뵽ĽҲﴽǸһõǮͻ§ð졣ԼǿǮֻʧþáȻţȴŭԵСӣ;ܰɰ
ֻǣǶҲزȥˡվߵĽ޵£ٶ࿴ж˵жۡǾҲҪĵط
һٿĶˡ෴ģʱһЩСĵ֮ͣʵҰ֮ģ贬ĳˡ
ڴϰ˵ԵʣҲôδ
δҲͻָ˸˵ļܡ
ڣըһҰӽıӣһζֻóɾ͸ġ
žͺ㰡С㡣
һЮըҰ־͸һϴ֡
ΪֹһҲûŮӡ
ѽ㰡ˣҸ㽲ղ濴ôһ㰡Уǰ濴Żһ죬ֿǱ߿ˡֻǽû취ϰġһҪһ㣬ȥ߿ܲҵһЩĶ



İʮ£˺

İʮ£˺
һᵽ¶Ҳ¼ŨҪ˵ɣұĶĽĽ˵ôˣûһ˵á
ᵽ۾תתֻǺٺٵɵЦȴһԼĵطǶһֵϸϸĺۼϸҲֻΪһ̥֮Ķ
һҲ̫Ķܡ
Ľ˼Ҷϵˣһ˶ҲɶȴҵӣбҰ֮ġ
ǼйϰҲҲ̫ҰޣƫƫͲǴδβաΪҲã굺ҪϰߡȻǾҲʵĹԡ⴬ϣĶУЩ֮ģǳ˲١
ȻÿγԵĹӣҲȥŪҰ
ʱһֻҰһЩҰ֮ģȻⲻ࣬Ǽ˳ԵҲǼ˵ġ
ס˴ǾͲܵųԵģܸҲһ㡣ΪˣвҲôġһɰĶŤߡ
ΪŵڶҪȥ죬Ե˯¡
ڶ죬Ҳãںϼʱ͸𴲡
Ľ޵Ҳ֪ҪȥߣİԼʰ׵ñ߰һЩҩ˾ŵ֮ϰȥˡ
ͱĴǰȥ
֪ǣϺ󣬷׿ɫһ䣬ĽŲȥ
˰ߺ󣬱ǰߡ
ɽҰĵطȥǵýһŪֻǣȴһ󵨵ǰţһ첻µزµӡ
ڰķ׿忴ü΢΢š
˽㣬ժҰˣȥǰ򡣡Ľ޵µʱûͣ½Ų
˻֣ʾϽ뿪Ľ޵һæװˮæժЩҰˡпӣЩҲʢٷڴϣֲһЩҰˣʵĲ˳ˡ
뷨Ǻãûطģڴͷʱ̫һСľܴȥĽ޵֪ϲЩݲ֮ġ
ڼ˳ǵʱ򣬷ɳǣĸطֲٵĻݣй֮ġĵضɫͺǰȻ
ɿˣֲˡ
޷Ҳֻ˵˵ء
΢΢һЦ¶ĲԶЦˡŮˣſζĺšѹܻŮ˵֣ǰҲȷʵջİɡȻôԵĳ嶯ء
ٿͷŷ׿ڵĵط
ȫû뵽Ů˵ľ˵ĸߡ

ŮˣԲ
üɲΪԼĽ޵³˻һ
Ľ޵һվǰס˳ߡӣߡ
׿忴Ľ޵µüҲ֪ô£ÿοһſĳ嶯
´һ顣Ц˵Ļȴȫ
һĽ޵µ֡俴ǰЦѪˡĲ˳ʺ
Ůˣһ죬Ҳ㡣˵ţ׿廹¶Լݣʾ˵Ķ
ֱŤͷŲ˾ߡ
ԶˣȻСţԺǸԶһ㣬Ҹо˵Ļģˡײгԡ
һϣǽ첻飬еزӦ
Ҳ㣬Сһ㡣Ľ޵´ޣ˼ţûа취ٰǿɶ˺һءһΣҪŪ͵Ū
ڱȥŪ֮뷨ŪҲжаˡ
аĳν鲼Ĺ˶ŷɥ
ôģ˼Ľ޵ͻȻʳ
ס뵽
չǸҲˡǰһֱҲѲɣǸģ
ǣΪʲôҪĽ޵»ǲ⡣
Ĺ۲Ϊϸ塣˼ҲȽȫ档
Щʱ򣬷׿ҲлǽӴġǶûҲһΣͻȻʹ˽оر𲻶ԾϾֵԡ
кֵģʣҲ벻˵ҲǸϲ͡ң׿ҲֿŮɫͻ᲻һҪϵˡԸ⣬ǰ׹ҲвٵĹʲôҲΪҪС
ҲģöȣҲԲЩȻСƤҲĺãһЦǶСѿŶϲ
Ҫ˵ʲôͣҲֻÿɰ͵ġСϲͣǷ׿аˣԲϲġĽƣҲϲС͡
ϲģִأҪһ֡
㣬һˡǿкöˣڴǿԳһЩùŶ
˵䣬˹



İʮ£չ鱻עĿ

İʮ£չ鱻עĿ
һͷܣ˰ҧͷ
ɽܣôܰһͷҲ򵹣
ǴҲʶġǣܰһͷܴǲǺõ̫ˡҪ֪ǑBϹӡֻ˲䣬һӾˣΪʲô׿ע⡣
ΪʵǶࡣңеˡʶһ㣬һק
֪ˣ
ɫ΢΢һ䡣
㣬ô˵Īҡ
ǲΪȻӡ
ϽҰߡ
֪Ǹһͺ׵𣿡
ᵽøҪԼ׵ˣüţһǵõءôˣ
ôˣ֪β浽ΪǣԲŰȥġãΪժҰˣ
Щš
ſҧǣԺעһ㡣ˣǸ綾һģһͲǡңҲ֪ô£󣬶ڱ˶ô£ҲǶԷ׿壬ĪĿ־С
ֱܵķӦҲ˺öΣһΣ׿ѹС
֪˶ܵģǣܡܲСȥǻᱻ˶ϡҪסԺԶ׿һ㣬Ǹˣǡ
뵽ǰ׿廹ʱ򣬾ü۲ɱˡڣҪɱһˣ׵ĺܡǲ
ǰ͸Ҫ̫Ҫ̫º˰ɣעˡ
飬ʾҲεĺܡǣ鷢ˣҲֻܾһ㡣
ȻˣԳԼһЩһȻҲСһ㣬Ҳû̫š
ϣ˳ƣֳһЩ̫֮࣬ȥɢһ²ǲų˼תŵһɲһζԺ䣬͵һ˵Ļǿ۾ʱдʶⱧԼ˴һߡ
ৡ˺齽ѣǰһѼĵӣȫѪҺŵͣˡ
˵Ϊʲôÿȥͻջ˲һ
Ķħĺڣ֪ĻҪ̫ﰡں˰ɣħˡ
ңҡ
ŸˣЩСƭĹˣƭҡҩҿҩרҡ
ɫৰһƬʱҲ֮Ի£ʵҲΪҲҩԼģȴǵ˵ҩЩġ
ȷʵõҩʱǲϣҲҪˡ
ǣ䣬ιǵĵطͱݺݴһ
Ѫĵʹ亹乡ƫƫ˻Ӷ졣ǽҲвʹһ˰մѪĵĴš
ʹɣҵ⣬ʵڶ飬ֻһʼ֪кܶܶСնģ⺣棬ҲвСҵĿ֮ϵﰡģЩˣСɵࡣȻҹ۲죬⺣滹һССģ͵㣬֪ȫѪ㣬ӵ棬᲻СĹذ
Ǳ˿֪ܲʲôǣԽ֪
㣬Ӧʳ㡣ǳĲϸϸģǣȴӵŷݡһѪζͻһӿϣٰԵ
û뵽˻ҩٻʳ㣬ȻħǶħ
ʱǰжھжڡ
ǲԸ˵ֻһˣ㲻̫ⰡҲǣ˵Ƕǰģ㲻ϲ߼򴩻Ҳġԭϲ߶ЭĽС
ǡ
ǣû˵꣬һαϡ
ȵ˫ζӴ˶ԴʱֻһоϽ˰ɣ´Խһء
顭

§뻳˲䣬ֻһоǽˡ
׿壬ôôɶ񣡡
ŻԲѵĹܻ
׿ȴü׿壬ǰֽз׿壡
ס˵һ仰
һҪƴСߡСߣȰչ˺á˵ŻСҡҡͷȻҲΪѩޡҲһϣҲǷ׿Ķ̫֡ǿˣһֶҩǷʤ
㡣
СߣϽȥ
ȳ⡣
СŤߡ
㣬Ҳ
ŻڷյСĻȥˡ
ȴ˦־һʹʹ
СһӱסԴңáԼûõġ۸ȴֻܸɵۣ֪ҵʲô𣬾Ǳʲôһ



İʮ£ƾʲô

İʮ£ƾʲô
ȥһƴѪҲХЦţһһٶС˵Լǵȥ˵м㣬ھΣǺ㣿
СߴվǶǽ㣬Ǿȥô
ܱѩ𣬲ܣܾЮβˡûйȥĿֻôȥ˷ôȥѡ
⻰СȥˡȻɥҲûҪȥҷ׿塣
ߡ
ϣ
ڣڡ
Сһ˵ǰŮ֣ȴῴҪȥ׼ȥǸħǲҪȥ
ԣҪǰһķ󡣿ҵӣܣЩοĳһĳ˿˽ѵˡȻضµӣֻԺ󻹵ó¶
һη׿飬һѵҲǺ¶
úĽ޵µ֣ھ͵ŷ׿鷳ԺǶҪֿ
ţʵõģʲôתעźá
ҲֻǸһﲻٹעʵ˵Ůˣ治ܵġǸŮ˵СߣֱҪܡҪ˵Ǹõ̫ˣ׿Ķħ
Ҳ֪ǲǽԣĽ޵²˵ˣ˺ĵʮ죬ķ⡣
ǵڼ٣ˣһһֱûµģôĪļˣ
Īʧˡ
һԱȥʱһȥͷ
һˣҲĪʧ١
Ҳʬ壬Ҳ֪ȥ
ֹŹֵдϵˣȫ񾭡
ô£ȥһ¶ҪĻŻˡ
Դ˺󣬾һֱٵšе֮ģҲԸϰȥ
ϵֻõĹ岻ãҲû̫⡣Ľƣƺûйѯʡ
ǰĲ²⣬һ¼ȻΣգҲоƺڱС
ż޵ӣҪȥ
ΪһĽ޵ºСȥˣһ̸ġ
ɫٳԶĵ졣
㣬Ҿðɣڿ봩Խ߲Զˡ
ⲻһ仰ȴŵͣϵı֯ơЩǰʱڵժһЩҰݣ׼֯һЩֿɰСһԴʱ䣬ҲķʽԺǵ˼֮顣
˵һ飡
ɨһۣŵˣҡͷ
㣬˵ЩʧٵˣǱԽ°ˡȻ벻ͨ⴬ϵˣôԵʵʧˡ
ûɱҲųɱĿܡпܵģ⴬ʧٵˣǱԽ°ȥˡ
ǣô뷨˵˵
˿ڸɵ⡣˳ְһӸ
ʵܼ򵥣ֻûʶԽʿˡں棬һ벻ǱġҲ뵽ǲһһƬʱ˼Ҿͻᾯʮǰ֪̽Ū˵ģ˻ǱˮĴԽʿֺ棬ûʲô˸֪°ߣ
ҡͷһ㣬Ҳǰ˼⡣ңдϵҲ⵽˺¡ʵǣ󲻳ôһ޾Ĵ󺣣ôǱ
ǵЦʢˡ
ǰֻǲ²⣬ôڿǰĵʱҸȷӦûġ
ǰ棬ô˵ûģûҲһͻǴԽ߰
ǲס
ʵǣԴԽߵĲ˽⡣
ָǰǸĶ
֪ʲôǵ߰ǵĶȽѹֻ˵ҰġһվһĶȥࡣһСı㼫пСһƬǵڵĿԷ˵磬ôǱˮĶҲǲҵġǰˣֻǱԽǱˮĹǱٰ°Ӷȥţǲûǵ۾ĿµһСһﴩԽߣ̬߰ǡҲʣֱ˦һЩջĵŵҪǣǼ뵽ԼӪһڸջ¡˵Լԭġãǲûж˵ĿʲôҲûжԴԱ˵ȻԽ֪ǵĿģҪˡ
һЩϢþ÷Ӧ֣ڴһİ뷨
ƺصĴԽ߼иĵ죬ҪҵģԽǰò
ǣᱻץȥ𣿡



İʮ£

İʮ£
ĵ⡣
ҡҡͷֻҪ͸¶ȥǵģĿǰӦǰȫġҪ֪ԽһԽеġҿҲ̫棬ôܵΪԼҵһЩӲСе磬ȴǿ顣ϾֻһһĴڡ
˵ǿɲǺһЩƣٰһ׳չǿ̸һ̸
һˡһ̸⣿ң̸Źֵ⡣ʱòԾŮ˵뷨ԶҲ²ⲻңҲòϣ뷨ǳǰġ
˵һﴩԽߣ벻ջֻǣǡԸʱ˺ôܾã̫ˣ
ԽжôĽ˭
Ϊ뱻˵ǹ￴һ˲ŻĵϡȻúõĺ쳾粻ţΪʲôҪһµء
ֻվԵǣҾòǲȰ˵ɹġϾȺ嶯ǵһĸͿļõġĶĵϣȷʵǺȽҲ⡣ԴżסŻУǳõĴţÿ𣿡
ͷ˵ĺܶԵӣһֱסţҲܵġӵȽĿѧǣ֮ҲǿİɡԣȰ˵ƻҲǲеġ
һ̣Ҳ˼ѪһڴҪ֪֪һֱǴԽڸı硣أѲɻţôԽǸı磬ĵλ
ģǿɾеˡ
ʱǰһƬϡ
һȺЩĵĿǰһȺظ衣
һŮһ˵ĲĵطȻζİǲͻȥ
ҪˣѽҾɡĵط춼ſҪˡ
һͷĹбɨһۡôҲù浱ħֵץȥðɡ
ǣһǾúÿ飬üįЩȻŻǲģȻҾǾòģҵС¶˵ôأ
ʲôôģ¡һˣǼ˶ˣ
ˣǸǰһһЩһЩƶϵˣҪһЩϣһЩ֮ĽнסһȺҲʲôնһЩ֮İˡ֮ҲǳҵĶ
ͷƳһۣ˵ĵɣҲһСȥ͵ûǮǵǲϡЩնֻҪԼԸˡϡҵĽӴŴˣǾĵô
ԲεİչԴա
ӣ˵ôҲȥ·أҲˣ벻һǱ¶һ㲻һı°ɣ˼Ҿͻǵħӣô֣Ұⲻ˵ĸо
һ㣬зӵĹҲĬˡԶһĸˣǳ̾һʵԸίȫĻţı磬ҲǲԵġֻǣǺ̫ˡ
ı䣿ͷĹһһһʲô飬ǶСеġΪ̫ɫˣԾ;һȺħ֮ģˣ黹ĪҪˣҾҸ죬濪ĵţҲǲԵġ
˹һЦҲǰʵȥˣһȥһɡֻȥ棬ǵððȫʩаȻ˭֪᲻ⷢ
һ˵ЦţϡǿƯЩˣҲһЩ·ɢնˡ
Ҹ컹в˵ģ˶ʮԽ߾סĸֵطĵطһЩ֮̿ġΪûлؼҵ·ѣ
֮ϣһļͥ죬Ĺ㣬򱻳֮Ϊߡ
ʵνĹߣҲǴԽǡԭصľ񣬶һ뺷ĴŮǣĪľ壬ҲΪǵԴĸ߿ƼĶһЩܵ飬Ҳ԰쵽
磬һЩˮзõ৵ֹŹֵĶǵҲⲻˡǸԲԲĶǳΪ֡ΪЩǻǺܷһЩġ
йǷһЩֻһȴ쵽水һ£Ȼܴ渡



İٰʮ£

İٰʮ£
Ȼ˵磬оűĶ˵ʲôһֽеԵģҲ⵺ϡ˵ֽеԵĶ˵ܺ档Ҳֻһ¡
ô淨޷İ
һ˵ĴڵһƬƽĵط
ڿǸ͵ģǷ糵һĶʱҲ֪ˣǲǵĴ糵˼һֶڵǸʲô
˵Ҳ֪ˣһҲķĶ⵺ϵһУȫһϵˣҲúǡ
ӭҸ죬ǿԽǵĽлｻסҪȡǵľסȨҪһĿˡǺϸˣͿȡóþסȨֻҪϣͱҪԵΪһ
רŽӴĽԱ
һλֺǺǵϴһ߽ţһ߰˴ϵסȥ
Ҹ첻ԵĲģҪסһҪôȡסıꡣǻָĹϢ졣ҲǵصһЩʳģһЩһĿɿڵķˡ֮ǿԵɢĵġ
İԵͷطˣȷʵǺעܡǮһĶȻû֮ء˼Ҫֻ㸶һЩµĿɿڵʳһЩʳǷأ
뵽΢΢һЦλã֪˲һľµζʳǿɷǿҪǵ䷽֮ģ
ɫЩԥͷĵһۣСӣǿǸƯСŮˣһ治ҪȥȱǮҪ䷽ô
Ҳֻ꣬΢΢һЦ£ҲǴԶϾ󱦵أЩҲġһ˵ҲǷ˲ء
ӿһ˵һЦģҲᣬҲûôջˡֻЩһۡ
СӰҲǡĹ߰ɣǼ¶ġкõĳʳӣǹĴǣȻͻӦĽʡ磬ϲҹ鰡鰡ԼӱնֻҪ㹻ķӣǶԻȡġ
ŶԭӦĶȡҶˡ
΢Цţ¾סڿջ󣬾ʳֻȡԴ
ţҲڴ˼
ǰͼƻģŮڼһЩʳ֮ȡԴ
ǣȥȥġ
ϵķ羰ԭͼģסĵطһЩʳȥһЩܼĶȡһЩԴֵطһҲ˴˴
⵺ϵ˽ӴЩʵͦģû̫֮ġŮ֮ϣƺе㿪š
˵ϣᳫľԼδ
ˣһԣͷֿĵڶϣһ˱˴˿ۣȻʽҪΪޡ
еϵ˼֤һ˵ĵ޽ᣬŮ۵ЦݣĽ޵ ָ̾ط治Ҹǰļã磬ǿɾˡ
ǣǲܵġĽ޵ҡͷһֱȽʵ֪ЩǲΪġ
ãҵ顣ʱһƯģ弫õĹȵǰĽ޵¡
裿˼ֻҵķˡ
Ľ޵°֣Ͻܾ˶Է
Ůƺʵؿһ񣬡ǾһɣŷҲġŮǿżһεġ
˵ſ񻶵Ĵʶ򴽡˫ﲨ۶Ľ޵·һ롣İʾĲҪ̫԰ЩŮǣǲ̫һ㡣
ҲķײһϲҼҷһ𡣶ңҵҷĴڡ
Ů¶ź̧̧°ͣǸҸŮˣôһ㰮㣬ߵﶼз˵һˣŮҪҸ
л㡣һЦһЦʧɫǶŮҲЦԻˣҡͷеˣΪʲôһλӻ֡ˣȥ˰ɡ
˵ţŮʼķȥ
ҲԶǰĽƺͷ׿§һŮʱҲϡ档ϾԭͲ̫רһĴڡ
赸ǴԽеġŮһģһֽнĴڡ赸ڴٽ˫ĸ顣ðɣʵһָһĹһ罻



İٰʮһ£ֵ

İٰʮһ£ֵ
Ȼһ赸ʱ򣬻˫Ľ֮ġôͱˡöʱΪ裬ôܹһĶҿ裬ҲĿľӶɡɽõģ̫ࡣ
ʼ磬ƺᣬнĴڣиɫĵ⣬Լ֮ġЩڴĻǺܰĴڡ
Щ⣬ǿҲġҲû

ĵطЩˡ
ЩһЩҵİ£Ͽڡ
ڣǸʮŲ̊ϴ質̨£вٵ˸ŲŽڽлֵ赸
һԴĵطҲ̫뿪ˡ
ǾͶͣһʱ䣬ҲкüˣһʦչţԶһʱ䡣
ֱͣûӦȻãǣԼĺǡõģǰĿƼԽȥܰǸ緢չ׳ǲһеĿġ
ˣ˵ĴԽߣǲôҲˣǵΪֹûпдԽ߳
϶ġĵϣûûԵģܴסˡһ㣬Űɡ
˵Żأǰ棬˴ѽҲˡӣһܽصĻ񣬾Ȼѹȫ˳ء
ȫˣ˼΢ʲôʲô
ľνĴԽǡ
Ůð
Ůá
λãĿİɡ
ǣܾǷȱһЩʲô
üĿĽ޵һ㡣
˵кڹѸԱ
Ϊʲô˿еӣһҲûֱ˵ĺܺڰĺڹѸĸо
ʵνĴԽǵļӪҲ˶áû滹вûô֨ôкģģҲһ˶ѡңĴԽǣһҲ˶̤ʵĴġ˭֪ûԼҰأ
Ͼ˵ĵط
һĽ޵¿ĺܡ
⵽ҲǣĴԽǣȻв¶ʮˡЩ棬ðһƸϿʲôİ
ǰҲáңһǰûаǵŪ췭ظģҲǻ˴ˡ
ΪǴԽҶ̫ĸıأϾԽôԸı磬˭֪ôģ
ʱţ絽ôˣΪʲôô˴Խ
ңҲе㻳ɣ绹᲻лиҵߡϾֻһģһˣǴԽġ
ģ˭ֻôȥıһ硣
ôһж˺׽
һ۾ͿԶǸ׿ˡ
ֻվȺУߵŮ˵Żڵһʱע⵽ʵǣٵĸо󣬻ûĸһʵٵĳ嶯
㣬ҡ
һǰԥָĽ޵¾Ҫקˡ
˼ֻҵķһ𡣡
Ľ޵ºһֱͱÿ³ľֹ
Űϣһ۾Ҳˡ
þòƼƯ˶ˡС˶ΪƯС硣
ԭŮ˴³оЩе⻰е㷴ӦˡŮ˵ת䣬᲻̫һ㡣
գգۡ߰ɣҰġɸ㰡СǣָҶ˽⡣а©͵ģҲС硣иָڵһġеôһλôģһͺ͵Ĵڡ
񵭵һЦǣĽ޵µֳͬգգۡǣ˵ЩСûһߵλȡԣΪʲôҪһЩõˣ
һ㶡һЦ˵ĺеӡСʲô֣磬һ̸һٽһô˵ĵ֮ġ
Ľ޵һĺߣΪʲôЩνĴԽһҲס
⻰˵ĶЩʲôϽһλҼҷǸԼΪصˣϲЩڵĶ
ҲŵͷţһϲҼ๫һ㡣Ȼżе壬˭ҿųءˣ׵ľͷŹ
Ľ޵ĿļˡԵĶԵģ˵̫ˡǵðҿһ㣬ȻĻ̫࣬Сľǿаѵ°ˣ಻ðһϲһԵĽٺ١
쿴˵ɵЦͻȻáǣŮЦġҲ̫˰ɡΪпһء



İٰʮ£ԭҸ

İٰʮ£ԭҸ
СӣԭҵһλǸɵİһλӲֵˡ
ֵģţҲǿҵʱǻ᲻ܿƵķɵҲϰı֣ʮˣզҲӦǲ
ʮꣿˡ
ԵģһжʮѽңǵĺҲкüˡ
кӡҪǰһλԼССӣеˡ
֪ɶ㵽Ƕһģ
׼ȷ˵ǰӰɡʱôһ㣬źܿҲӡ
ᵽȥԽ뵽һ죬пı۸ŵСǺжĮھж顣
ڣжᣬжӲǣ˻һ𣬻ɡ
ǿҸðɣ ҸԵֵġ ҵȥˡһĵϵˣ˵вɫһĴڡʼ硣
ֻһ飬һҹһءԵģû
һԶһߵĹעǸ˿źΣյӣԼЦʱֿҰ޵ĸоŵϰҰʮ㡣
ܺãϵĿˡ
ôһ룬λߡ
㿴ǿɿڡĽüϵĳ嶯
סЦˡ
ϸĳ۴˵ĲȻҡ֪ҵˣѽ
ôǿԡ
㡭
٬ָ˴˵šȷУ֪ҵĻܶ ǣҲûмܳܵסŶ
вУҪ˲֪
ɷ˵§ŮˣĽЦĸ⡣Ůˣóġ
ǲУôȥͿ˷һءŮˣҲûǰôˡ
Ƿ̫šҵǰܼһҵˡ治Ŷ㣬ϣǿ˼ҵĴڰɡ
Щ졣ƵϣʱĺѰ
СĿԴĽһ§Ů˵ԶǸŮˣﻮһ˿Ȼչ飬ǲһˡǲܣҲҪô̫꣬һ㡣뵽ٿĽ޵ʱĽƾ;СһĻ粻ܣǵһŮˡ
ǣʱֻ᲻ԽţʵһŮˣƺҲǲġ
á
ãһҹҪȥʱһģƯŮȴҳƵЦЦٿĽ޵ʱҲᣬλƯСķô
ǵġ
ǿԵģҿ𣿡ŮἫˡЦҲÿһЦŷǺǣҲŮҲвʮˡϸ۽ǵҲкüΪ˵ԵʰɣԾƣŻôĿ
ȻԣҪ⵺ϴһʱ䡣ʵˡ뿪
šŮӦһϵɫءǣסˣȴʱ޿̵ĲҪ뿪Ľ޵½һ񣺹Ȼϰˣʵôݣ̫ڰݵû˶־Ҳˣĵġ
ʵϣһܾԶĹҡǶˣô˻ۻһҲΪҪҵǻؼҵ·ô꣬ҲһֱһЩҪԼֻҪǸǾͿҵؼҵҪˡ
Ů˾ȻһҲܻ䣬Ե˵˳
ǻˣǻˡ
Ҫ仰ʱǰ棬мŷ
Ľ޵̧ͷȥȴ⼸ˣǰʧٵǼôǰ²ĶԣһǱԽ°Ӷġ
ֿǣо̫ˡһϲĸо
ʧٵļ˹ЦűϵȦ档
һγûŮˣ񼸸ҲǴΪļһЩ첹ĸˡ֮ĸˣҲʮҰɡ˻ҪһЩΪǵļһĵطŵĺܿһ۾һֱڲԶŮɨȥ
⵺ϵŮǣҲǰǸ˵ǿҲ顣Ժÿһˣҵ顣ǣеΧЩеڴſڣƺŮǵоһҲ⡣
طе뵱ȻоǼµ֮԰
νͷŵĵط
˵ķʽһǣƺԶΪšղŵǸŮˣĽ޵˵ȻǸŮЦˣǣȴһøҲûС



İٰʮ£ǸŮ˲

İٰʮ£ǸŮ˲
ǲǶûкøУʵҾ˿ӡ̫ãǾֻǱϽӴһͺáʼ硣
û̫ĸоǷ޶꣬Ľ޵£ҲԸվһߡ
ţԶһ㡣ȻǸŮˣȻ񡭡Ҳ
ǸŮصļãҲ֪ô£ǾãǸŮ˻Ųٵ飬ңڿСӵʱ򣬻ռָо˵ǿңǿҵǸǾޱڿСӵʱˡ
ԶǾޱʱһͬ޵ĸ졣
ǸСɰϣһԵʣôû
˵Ҫһʱ䣬ǻеǻᣬ̫ż
ôҲʧΪһᡣ
ǸŮˣҳԡŮ˴ָµɤ־ڱصãǾޱ˿ҾǲҪ̫ˣܸо⼸ҲǵΪ֪ǵΪʱһҲ̫ðġ
޸߳ǻôܲΪһ˾ͺǷ˰ɣǾޱ㻹̫Сһ㡣ҿɸ㣬ǲ֪һЩ飿֪ǰЩˣżһЩ飿֪ʵֻһֻ۱һֻۡģҲڴܰŪðɡȻôȥģ
𣬽춹֪ǵ飿
֪ܲƾ֪ˡǾˣһֱԸ˵̫࣬Ҳ̫ࡣһһȺ˵ͷɲסô˵ҲСҵΪʲôô˴Խԭ򣬲ҵͨߣٴδԽȥ·
һ˵ǾޱҲˡ
Ǹ춹һȺԽ˵ĹߣǸĵػҲǹƽһŮˡȻͺ˽ϢǸ˿ɲǱϱֵôĹƽһʵڵ֤
㵱˵ͷҲôˡǾޱЩź
⻰Ҳ˺ʹ˻Ǻǿʤġ
ԽԺԭҪչֽһģ˭룬ڴһն¶ͷǣͱһҸҹӶϡȻһڱ˲ԼüֱֵӾͱեȡĺܸɾ
취ɱ룬ԼǶƿءһ˵ıҲǼ˵ġ
Ϊֹȥ档µΪֹҲǷչ˲ٵ˱ǣǸ˵ļ屳ƺءҲûܲ̽ƫƫɱǸˣȻؼӰˡǸҲһֱԼˡ
磬ʵҪʵĶࡣϧڻܳȥˣǺڹѸĳԱǣڷչ׳ôˣ
ڽ㣬չĻġǾޱҪһֻǺ鷢չһԶͷ㣬̬ϻǺصġ
ǵĳԱ÷չһЩ߼һġһЩԱˣС֮˲šһЩ͵ˣչϲ˵εġ
СһҪͻƣֻ»İ취ˡ
Ŀв١СϲռԣϲһЩ绨ѩµ顣ˣǴһЩƽһЩһĳԱС
ǾޱһԸɾ͵ץ˲ŰģоС֮Ҫŵʣ㵱¾Ϳٳɵİֲ˶ĴԽ˸ˣôҲŵ˼ԭ̬һӱɸż𣬺ǺѾġ
ֻҲֻ˽⣬Ů˵ƢǼġ
һǼŮˣҿžͲλǿϵСɰʱǺʣԷչߡҿ˵۹⣬ǸŮˣȻǸ֮ҳ˼ҡ˶㣬ҲеġʱӴһҵٿסˡ
ǡ
Ǿޱԥһ£뵽ôһõ˶ĪľЩѪ.ʵʱһЩͬģƯŮˣҲһֳɾ͡
һУ񲢲֪飬ϲú󣬾Ȼͱ˶ˡһǱ˱ҪĶ֮һ
Ҫ˵Щ۸ڶȴ׿ĴԽߣҪģҪǵ˼룬Ҳ˵ҪҪĶ
һ뵽ЩüǴԽҲܿδϣͬģĽ޵ҲţҪôշһȺ߰ĴԽǡ



İٰʮ£ʦ

İٰʮ£ʦ
Ѱ˼ôһȺԽߣϵˣѰ˼ţҪôһ
ΪһȺˣˣ˵ͷһ˵ġ
ʮˣһʲңӦҲĴڡǰһȺ϶ңҲƶķչ׳Ҳδɡ
ʱ˫ﶼҪôס˵ԷȥֻһǰԼʳˮƽչ
СţҾҪ˵һˣûһģǲˡǸķѾҲķʱĻơ
ţ˺ûǰҵǲ̫ǣҵġ͢ǹţûְˣڿǸɢ
ţǣʦչ˺õġһʦ棬Ѻչ˵ļáңǣǽ棬ĳɫ
ԼĵҲһһѺչ˵ôá
˵һҲҸ顣ʦһԲɡ
ϣǲҪʦ鷳ͺá
Ľ޵ЦŹ˹ıӡ
ãʦú鷳ô
һԺǵ̬ȣƺͷβʦûвͷʱ
˵ʦһһˣôͶԺôأһʦˣӦúߣܸ߰ôãСһֱǺǵĺʦĴڡ
ʦĽ޵룬ģʦ
ңʦȣԲһЩʦְƣǺܷʦġ
ţͦõģʦڼҵ̫ϧˡڵã˺ǣ̫į˰ɡ
ӣûоãϲʦ󡭡ԴϺ󣬾ͱֵе㲻һˣ
ôһ
£ǰ󾭹
ԴϴϲʦΪԳԴһֱôš
ƽʱڴϣ棬ҪôǴҪô˯
Ϻ󣬳ҵص죬ǴһﴩԽߡңƺһȺԽ߼ȤȤŴԽǵܻоһ
ܾãϲʦһȺԽһǣʶˣڣ
⣬ˣǰ˵ǸɢˣʵǸŮˡһϲʦĻ˼ǸɢˣпǴԽߡˡпܶϲǸŮ˵ġ
ģҵǾãϲʦ񣬴˵ģѰĳһġȻصļһǸܵˡ
һ£ĬˡϲʦĽӴһ£̽Ŀڷ磬ǲġ
λʦǺصġ
ϲʦ飬ϵͽܣҲҪæΪλʦֻϽŵģҲİͽһĿ
˶ĻĵģʦôãȻüӱĶǺòС
ɫ̫ˣԷ˯¡
⵺ϵҹȷʵġ
еҲ࣬ҪҹȥʲôģҲ̫ġԵط˯ϵǼõġ
һȺˣҲ̫ǳԼĻﴦǿ̣ʵҲҪ߿źá
ʦˡ
úϲʦš
ϲʦһ˵סķ䡣ĵҪҲζҪӦıܾסʦܸġһûĹҪһЩԵҲǿԵġ
СѾͷʦ⵺Ϻ󣬶һͳءأҲһ˱һһĴˡ
ƤһЦʦӿĲ
ϲʦһ㶡
ͷ
аɣﶼСûǣо˵㶫ѹһǸ϶ԸСһ߿һ㣬ѾͷҲǼСӵĺܰɡ
һᣬɫЩȻвԼĺءôԼĺӵˣ˼Ľ
ȣǼСһչţҲġһǼһԺǵĹذֻܺõġѾͷɶɫðڵġϽѳԵĸҡ
ϲʦģҪοԼôƫƫһܲͷĴָӡӴˣҲ֪ǸʲôˡЩ꣬һλǺɱŵġ
ʦ㲻˵ңʵҲǺǵô
ҲûãǼšԷԷѩĲѾͷĶǲǺܶ࣬ǰҶ֪㻹ĳʳ
ţǵʳĻǺܷḻġвĥĺϸһЩۣбĶ绨꣬Ҳ֮ġ



İٰʮ£һаƷ

İٰʮ£һаƷ
ţʦ֪ǲʲô£
˵ķǳŵģʱܵĻͲܹ˵Ȼ˴͵һӾˡңŵĻڸ˼ңлܵҪ˵˵ҪĻһ˵ŵġ
ϲʦĬˡɨһĵΣ̾һ
Ѿͷɢˡʵк˵ģ֪
ɢ˵ĺˣ㣬Ǵû˵ġ
û뵽ɢ˻кʲôʱ飬ʦǰҲ
Ҳ⼸֪ġǶɢ˵ĶӸǵģȻҲԸˡ
ɢôˣԼ˵ĶҲǼİɡǣ϶ΪǮǾ˵ɢ˵ĺˣһЩɵֿ飿
ϲʦ͵ͷѾͷеˣΪʲôһһֱ佱㲻ġԭʱеСġ
۾Ź⡣ʦ佱ңΪʲôҵ˵
ϲʦסһ飬Ȼܸ˵ˡȻһСľͽô죿
ʦô׽ô
ѵǺ侲ˣҭپ⡣ðɣڲ⣬ʦ˵ɢ˵ĺΪԼʲôԭģ
λʦ˵ҲǼҪ顣¹żش飬ĸ˻Լ׷ߵģ
顭ϲʦҡͷҲûиһ˵һҲҪطġΪɢ˵ӱ˺ˡ
Ҫץɱţ
ǵģ飬ұҪһλ˵ҲпǴԽߡ
һ˼˵Σɢ˵ӵǸˣҲϣ
ţҸȷϵġֻǣ㣬ǸŮӦʮʮ֮ˡϾɢ˵ĶҲнʮ͡ѾͷҲƼˣĴԽߣʮŮˣƺвһʱ䣬Ҳ̫ò̽ġ
ף飬֮Ȳѵĸ˵˳ΪҰæһ̽ô
һϲʦĲ̫˼ˡ
ʦҲǣôһ˵ءһ˽̽ô֪ôˣҲ˵ġԽߣھҪ¶Ȼµʱ߲ɵġ
Խ˵ǲǿˡǶͬǴԽˣǵĴ᲻һҲһ
ţǿŰ졣ڿǳ˲١
ǰҲûҪϲʦԴӾ˷׿ͰǴԽߵ͸¶һ
˶ڴԽĴڣһҲų⡣෴ģϲ봩Խһ졣ǽһЩķƼڴϵĺ漸죬ϲʦһЩִ顣ʦİΣ֮ģҲǼġ
ʦ㲻Ҫֵ̫¶ˣʵ㣬Ҳҹ۲쵽ġСע⵽ԣ˵һ¡벻£СŶܿ˵˾ͲῴôϾǵĵ̣ǵжʱһôҲ֪ǱضվԼԼˡ
ϲʦĵӣҲʼ˶ݡ
ǹǵĶԣ̫һ㡣Ժһעġ
ĵϣϲʦȰ˵Ҳһ顣
Ҫ֪ڼʱһλ淸
֪Ҫĳ˺ҲͰעһЩϡȻ鱨飬ֱ˵ġʱ򻹵ôӱ˵ȥźá
µ˲١Ҳʽʱŵ֪˵ҪġǽŮˣֻȥһЩֻһЩֹĶ
ʳҪ˰ɾĳ̶ȣҪģжʳȵȡ
ô
ⲻ¶ʮ˵ĳһȻǶǺѯʡ
ŶһһһݣǶģȫƾԼоôһ㣬̫ѳˣҪȡʸġһȳȷ֯ĵȰʯͷܵѡһȵĵλء
ĨطʳΪҲǣһﴩԽǣƺϲľֳʳȻôôЩʳء
㲻֪һԵĺˣΪǵרųʦǺǣôءҷһĿܶġҲ֪ʱܱܲѡϰΪֹкüûԼרóʦءеˣ˵Ҳ̫ġ



İٰʮ£ͻˮ

İٰʮ£ͻˮ
ΪרųʲôôֵôĴͷȥ
Ǻǣ㲻֪ɣΪߵרŵĳԵõ⵺ϵһзʣҪģܵõǵһЩһСƷٳǳ˵Ǹǰ£ôءʱһöʲôģҲϡǲ
ô־һ飬һȷʵǮ
⻹ҪġҪǣǷһЩҲǰáֻҪѹ̺ˣˣԵĸˣҲǼ󷽵ġŹǣⲻ١
ðɣڳҪϵ˵ϹǵĳȷʵǺ顣Ҫ˵Խȥ˵գҲǱ顣һ룬ҲڴһĲϵ
Ҳû˵̫áһĹ򣬵˰һЩ˽
Ҳ˵Ĳ϶һģһġеĻ˵ĲǲġҲеģ߸һġϾǲ˶һĲˡֻҪĲ϶࣬˭˲һĿڸеĶǾһõĳ
ǰĲϣزˣһɫĴƬҶӲˡһûԹһֹϲˡˮģһ;üóԵ͡
ģһЩ׺֮ġ
ţЩϷ䵽棬ܷܲһЩʵĻһǰǣЩϲ˷ˡȻֱȥֲ֯˵ĵطǿٲȻԼ뿪ȱǰˣ£ߣ뿪
λǰַϵˣ˽˲Ϻ󣬱㿪ʼߺĹء
һ㣬ԺĸֲϣȫϾͿȡõġֻҪһЩõģζĳʳĳΪ˸Դܶɡ
ԺӣҲһЩˮĲҶڻһЩϹ֮Ĵڡò˵Ǵв԰йӡ춼ܵˮԡ
ǰϹŵĽɫĹӣζͲĺܣҲ֪һöժмŷ᲻ܲһ
˲䣬뵽ȡһЩˮϾһЩѰʳ϶˵ġǰҲֹ̽˵һЩˮҲ֮ġԺһЩˮžͼ㣬ͷҲǰͿˮζڷ棬϶Ǽζġ
Ů˵ŷܳˮζķ˿϶Ǽζġ
ôһѰ˼ͿʼŬ䵱ԼһЩˮˡǰڼʱ򣬺ΪϲԸֲһĻ˲ٵ顣
ЩˮֻҪԼʹ֪ôˡȻʲôģȫƾԼƿصġһѰ˼Ϳʼˮ
ɫģˮ滹һˣζҲȷʵĺܡķˮ᲻ÿõģҪڷʱٳ̵ĺܵʱ򣬰ȥһˮζ׷ζ һضἫóԵġ
ôģôʱȫûԼʧ˺ôϾʧܣ˾ȥֲֲ棬Ҳ֡ңҲǼϲġ
Ϊûѹ˲ĶˣһҪڳﵱоԲ̫ðաϾ˷˲Ҫǲͽȥĵطġ
׷ţͿʼժ֮ġ
˴󲿷ֵĹ⣬ǳԵĵطҲǼģҪÿôһпճȥȻճϵĶһҲȵӴãķҲˡ
ѹ̵׷ǰĺɫʽˣж࣬ԼһЩɫĲһϳķ׷棬һɫζĹⷹǳ¯ˡ
Լĳɹʾ⡣
һⷹʱмԱǰ˷ˡ
ϲˣϲˣǵųء
ÿһϲˣЩղ˵ԱҲѸĲ˶Ʒһ
гɫζҲõĲɫͻ͵ǵȥ
Ĳأ
Ѽݹ͹λЩá
ҵĲȫ棬Ͳһġƽˮ
Լˮ˷ŵ棬Щ⡣
ӴιˮķˣǰҲûζĹҲѿĺܣǵʱҼǵǻüˮˣȫˡ벻С˵е
񵭵һЦܺϸλ˵ƷζС˵ˡ



İٰʮ£ζ

İٰʮ£ζ
ӣŵĺܣһɵúǸɶġ
ºЩ棬Ҳ˲ļˣǽӴɫɫĸɫǣС˳ŵǲңŮļȴųѰĵȻƺһжƺһжӦչġ
ĺģºڰЩ˰ںú󣬾ͿʼƷǰĲûеһʱͿʼˮ
ΪЩڴߵķˣǵóԹһЩںáθһ㶫ٳһЩĶԭ˵ζϾ˶ŵʱǳʲôζġֻһ㶫ȥƷܳʵˮƽ
⼸˶˽ȥǡ
Ըú󣬳ºͿʼ׼Ʒ⿴Ųˮ滰ʱ˵ԼˮΪһˮѡڿȻһݷͲˡˮ
е˼̬֪ľԻˮˡڣҪҿĸӾͺá
ϸŷˮһϸСķ϶ҿһˮŷ˵ζ˱ǶǿƽɫĹĸɫÿķˣºʳ󿪵ĳ嶯УֲܿƵץӣҨ
еζˮζٻЩ˵ζǷȴˮζһܻôǵϲġ
ˣôóô˲˵ԼˣԻʡ
ţԳһڣ֪ˮζˣ˺ţԺصעһڵһʹķǴϻۣе
ˣһλʸ׳ΪǵרŵĳˡǸ˺ſҲƯ˻Ը⵱һô
ºĬˡ飬Ҳ֪
ˣҪסŵġҪһˣ첻ġͰҵķԸ¾ͺãߣͲȥǵĵط
ÿ춼Ҫֲһ飬ҲǼæµġ
ǵְ𣬾ǰѴǵʳ֮չ˺áһϵˣŴġǣôݵҲ֪ǴǴġԣȻڱŮǹܽţǺöҲǷġ
͵ǽʳĵطʱмλѾǶ׼ζ
ôǰˮˣ
ǾޱüЩһЩԽɢˡ
ˣǸ⾪ϲǳ֪ʲôˡ
ºЦţϽˮڲм䡣
ǾޱüĴһ°ϵĻƽˮƣȻˮ
ˮˣ
شˣȷʵһˮºһ䣬˲Ǽʶˣһ֪ˮǲˡ
Ǿޱ˵Ȥһߵ춹Ҳ˹һЩģһ˵ˮҲ¡
ӴӴϽһ㣬ҲȻǶʱ򣬲ųԹˮˡЩζĳʳǲ
ͷɲôǶʽǶ࣬ϿûĵصһߣöණܵصȾһߵĶ͵Ǳߣζ޷ġ
ᵽ¶˶ɫȻ
ºǺĺܣЩһԼļ磬ͻһԺ
ʲôĵط˶ǡ
ǸνִһܲĵطȻôôḻĴǡңǴĶҲȷʵǺܲġ
еζĸģǳƤӣҵģ
شˣһλĳġһβһλźŵĸˡºϽʵ㱨
⵺鵱ߣԴǵʱ򣬿ɵʵ㱨Ȼʱһʵ࣬ǺǺصġ
ζˡһĳ˵ˮƽƯġ֪ˣһλһ׿ķǰɣпõǸСӡ
һƣͿ϶˭
ºֻǺٺٵЦһȺǳԵ˵Ļ졣
һ˿޷ƽʱܴ漣ĴǣʵһȺԺǣԸֵ޻˵һȺСɰǡ
ǣֻҪסһͶιã̺ãһжá
˵һλŵķôǾޱ߬˿ӡǸŮˣ˼ĵһȺ˵ĹעҪǰˡ



İٰʮ£

İٰʮ£
ĳ￼ԣͿʱϢȥˡרŵĳ˵ģԲҪõǣΪĿԱʱһ˵ɰŵġ
Ѳߺתȥ

ôûȥأ
һ۾һ
˵߸ô£û¶͹ң˵⵺ϵ˶࣬ʲôģҪŲܡֻȥߣɢһĵô
һᣬе˽ˡ
߰ɣһȥߡ
Żϲǽˣ߸ԽԽҲϲء
˵ˡ
ԴԺѧľûûҹչ˵ĸ飬ҲһʱʵķԾǰֻһС֣ڣ˽һģ֮֮̽Ľչ
ִʮСǵȻ׵ġΪǹŴʮ겻˶ɼҵˣѧı֣Ҳ˵Ĺȥ
ǰɬӣҲС߻ϲѡ
СܿǱ
ʮ壬Сܣжʮˡˣö඼мĺˡ
ʵǵĻҲ԰ˡҪ˵˵ϻǲģǰĻʲôĶͦз顣ǺʣǿԿѻ°ˡȻǿһҪҲ̫ͬҪӵġ
⻰ɾֱˡ
㣬ҲȤ˼ء
̾˭ҼС߿ôһƤСѾͷءȥС߱˼˵ͷء
Ͻ磬㣬㲻˵߸磬ɲϣ׳ŵء
ȻûнһĽӴʵ֪׳ĺܡ
ǸôôǶôĺáе㻳ɣν츳š
һ뵽ԺķЩġԼܲ
ǲһ뵽ǼС߾찡ǵ׼ųء
Ѿͷһֱʧ׶ΣǺܿĵġСжжιǱ˭ġڵãС߳ɳˣҲİĹǲú󣬾ͿԳɼҵĺ飬ǰġ
ͷһʱСôģ
ƺʱͰˡϾͷһʱСҲһˣԼҲûһľ̸֮һߴܶĵ·
㣬Ҫ˵˵ҿ治ˡ⵺ϵķ羰Ҳȷʵǿ׼ųء
ʵҲ֪߸ڱܼˡ
Ϊ˺Լÿܵôࡣ
ΪͬŮˣҲǲԸ⿴ܵӵġ
ľͺá飬һС˵ġ
ҪңҲ˸ǵסֱš
˵飬ǲҪ˲źá
ҲǣԼСŵ飬Ҳǲϲ˲ģҲ͵ͷҲգδڹҾͲˡ
ţӭһλаŮˡ
ڿʱ۾һȣСӡ
ȻһͨкС˵ϲŮˡҲ֪ô£кʱ;áеĸо
á
òĳԷҲ
ҪҴˣǾޱĻҿԴλһתתҲûʲôоĿγ̣Ҳɢһġ
ܾģϲʦǿͬˡˡ
СôƯ˶һһߣҲҵҰһλģ
ŶҵãŲúǲҪ⵺ϾһĻֻҪ׼Ķеֻ࣬µʱòٵĶԴС
ϣǮ鱦ֻ֮һЩѣʵôࡣһЩʳԵĶһ㡣һȺߴǣϲܵгʳ֮ġ
ǰһˣõĽԴҲࡣ
Сӵ׿ĺܡһˮ˳ŶǺͬյġ
ҵҡǺܿĵġΪһʦϲģԼĳʳͬԷþϲеɾ͸С
΢΢һЦ˲䣬ܵһз羰ΪģǾޱԽ־ò˵ĻҲȲһɫѹ˵Բ԰Ρ
૵ģЩԵĻ٬Ķؾ˵˺档
ˣء



İٰʮ£ΣĿ

İٰʮ£ΣĿ
ǰһѰοǾޱ֣ŮôأҽǸŮˣҲǸŮˣѵŮȤģԼ۹ⲻУôҴ㡣
Ȼ˵ɵġһԲϾͶ˸ɶΪǺġ
ǾޱϽɫǸǸֻǿС̫ղûƵסҵĴϣֲܸĻᡣ
ˣڿͷ㻹ǸϽ뿪ɡƢһֱӾͿˡ
Сӣ治ΪġǾޱǰա
Һ˵Ŀ죬ű˱
ˣ鲻̫ãͲȥˡʧ㡣
Զˣ߳¡㣬˿ʲôǡ
Ҳֻһʱʧء
ԶǾޱղŵһĻĻЩ޷ƽ
Ĳ˼Ӧе˶ϡ˵ľɫִЩνŮǣɫģŴȡ
ֻǣϧһٶݾˡ
һҵĽ段ġ
뵽Ǿޱлһߺɫ
ԴӴԽԺ󣬻ûʲô˺£ռеڣǸ绪СӣҪռеĶ֮һ
߳ȥһӣĲƽ
飬㻹ĪҪ˵ˡҲҲꡣ
Ʋ죬˵˵ҺСߵ飬ҲҪ档ԺҪɵһСȻǸ̬㲻ġһļһ
һ뵽аͬԵŮˣƽ
Ҹ㣬ŮҲкβ׵ġǰɣΪʲôҪ㡣ҾǶһ¡
ֻǰǾޱԼ񣬱ȫܡ
˵ˣҲᵽ顣
ǣǣҽôã˶һ£Ȼˡ߰ɣȥǰӳԡҲֵĺܣöȴˮҲȴֵһ֡ѹǸŮ˶Եĺܣʵǣ⵺ϵ˵ƤôáôˮƤҿҲϲ
ϣΪԭԴ˵Ƥô
ҪˣֻϽ鴦ˣȻؼҡ
Լĺˡ
ȵӡǣԼΪԼĿɰôɰĺǣԼСʹǴС͸֮
ȻҲӣǰ˹档뵽ЩϵĴȰЦҲ͸ˡ
һ֪ԼļֶֶŮء
Ҫ˵ҵֶŮǣʵҲ뼸ССž۵ļһ뵽ء
ˣǸϽ鴦ãҲͿˡ
ڵʱԶĺС
кüҴ
ˣǰˣһŮ˴ļֵ磬ǰĵϡС˲ǴиȽļиɫµ԰һ뵽һЩҲǲа
ͣǣȥǱǱȥҵ뿴ǲˣԼȡ֮ĸɫ鱦˿֮ġģǾֵǶú״ڡ
źڣֺɨԶЩڡ
Ҳ֪һ֮ⷬ˵ŪʲôȻ顣ҲǣûеôܵһĹء
뵽ţ֪³˾ǵ̣Ǹʲôģ
Щ㲻ùܣֻҪʱŴ·ˡ
ǣˡ
ӦתһӣĸɶƵġ
һ˴һЩźܹŹֵĶǱˮ׺ں֮࣬ҲЩ̾һΣһҪ¶ˡ
һȺ֮˿ȺŮֻķݰɡ
Ī뵽˵һЩ飬뱦ĺŨ
̽࣬һȺϵġ
ǣԼһӻúõġǸųһֶӣҲ߰ˡ
һ뵽Щ뱦ﻮˡ
ڹѸǣǸ
һ龵ӣ뱦ЦˡҲ֪Ǹ˵Ļǲġǣʱһӣܴͨһ硣ܴͨԺҲһͨƣ׬ĽǮҲһ
ӣԴĳŮǣͳͳҪΪҵūֻҪҴطͨǡȫҪҵʹˡ
뱦뵽ޱȵĻȡ
ʵǣǸ˵



İپʮ£

İپʮ£
ʱҾ޷Ԥϣѣ㻹һõʱͻȻͽˡ
ºһһľȻȫ䡣
һ죬һĽ޵ºС߼һȥ档
ڵһЩֲ񣬴ʱȥֲ
˵ϵĽ޵£˳ǵʱû̫ĲӦҲǼõġСߣЩʱӦֲճڴ˼Ҳϰˡ
ӣһȥˮһƬҳˣļġ
ã˵ˡ
Цĸᣬ𣬺ЩŲӣþû͹ˡ
ȣϹ˵ʲôءϽȥС߻ǰء
ˣôء
ӣϵòҡ
ᵽҪѪˡ
Ϊ⵺ϵķ羰̫ңƽʱ̫ˡ˵ľҲﵽһ㡣
ÿϲǶൽ
˵㣬򰡣ôˣôճģҲ۰˭Ҳ͵÷Ϸ޵ģҺСҪճġ
С߿顣Ϊʲô΢Ľ޵£ԼСҪԹţԸ˱
ˣϻ㡣ʵճϽִˡ
һʩ˵۾̹⡣ãˡ
ת뿪ǸôԶܸܵ˵Ŀܡ
Ҳ֪ôôԷǵ¶鶼ϰôӦϷ޲𣬿ƺе㲻һ
תߴǳĲˣյĺŲ裬ʰ׵󣬾׼һ£ȥԼԼˡ
ˮҲǼõġ
ԼĵطŲšһƼˣϽܹǣ֣ӣˡ
߰ɡ
̫ͮͮҲ赲ҪȥԼ顣
Ľ޵ĵطҲȷʵǺãһλýΪƧĵط
Ҭ紵ţԶĺƮһζżܿԾ棬ȫһ㵭Ľɫ볪衣
棬ǾˮĸоӦǲġУһԿܲ취ץһЩ㡣ǰõһЩ취ԡ
ţǾԡ
ţȥˮǳ
Ľ޵ЦŰһߣִӻͳӡ
ֲʱģһ߸ɻһ߻һ
񣬵ģ
ȻһЩҪ飬ǷҲǶȹ硣Щ꣬Ƕ̫æµˣæµ˵ĸ鶼ûļķչˮڵ飬еģֻ¡
ôչңȥɣ㡣
ЦĸĲáȴ֪Σգڶ档˫̰۾Цݣ˳һſˮ
˵ĲŮˣȷʵ൱ĺãˣңڿʱ򣬾Ҫ˺ռ³˳ߵĺ뱦˵
뱦ҲڶŮ˵ЦݵС
һӣûƼŮ˵ЦݣͰˡؼôˡ
ˣǰûŮ˴ڵġУҿ϶Ǽǵסġ˵ҲˣȻ⵺ϵˣҲǵ͸ǵġˣҪô
ôȻǰɱˣŮš
ɱɱˡ
뱦ŲԶǸŲˮˣЩġʵ˳ҲӦܻٵı
ߵɨһĽ޵£ͷţҲò˵˵۹⻹һġһòٵŮ˸ȤŪȥѼӣӦ׬Ǯġ
Ӣң棬ǸŮ˸һЩ
ʱ򣬺뱦תرĿ졣Ϊ̣һ峤ͷѵʱǺܶġ
ܵҵȰǸ˿סٰŮߡһ˵ˣͶ˷ʩţҪǵˡ
³һ뵽ԼģĻǺܼġϵһг
ԭΪֻǵС£˵Լġ˭һȻҵһĵĵط
뵽һŮԺ󶼻Լһ˵ģľͻһƬ
ļ׼ǰ溣ˣֻҪһȥԲѡԶǸźŵŮˣӴԺͻ³Сɰˡ



İپʮһ£ҩЧ

İپʮһ£ҩЧ
ۡڿĽ޵¸Ĺӣȴǰ汾ˣͻȻں棬İվ
ۡ
ʱ㤵ķ֣ɫˣһЦԼ

һ˲䣬þеȡ
ϣںȲĹǣִٵĽͽһ䱸С
ãǰһҴ׼ӭս
һ˲䣬еϵĹǶɫء
ڿǵ򸽽˲һȺˣԵĴļбķ棬ҲҪࡣ
ǰʲô
˼ָǰ档
ǡ´ڡϽɢҪһ𡣸ģǴˣȻǵĵϡ
춹죬Ǿޱܻ
ɫûеء
ǾޱźĿ񷢳ĵطǸСɰǳˡղŵĺԵǱپʱ򷢳ġ
ϧôһ绪˶°ӣɱˡһ뵽ǸůģƲ۵ЦݣǾޱĻЩܵġ
ѵõĶһ˶ģ͵˵ĵزڣ˾ʹ뿪
оˣͻȻʧһ
ҪǣôˣҪô졣һһк´ڡģ´ڰô죿
ƿڴ
طһֱĺúõģô̯ء
ڻôأ˾ƴһһǰоЩҲóˡȻǰҪС
Ǿޱ˵š
оһжҲٵġ
ȻưԣܷЩԸµ뿪Ȼ͵һʸС
һ˸ǵȻŹ
ʾˣգˡǵ֮
һںƯĵ죬Ǳ䡣
³ŶİɫģЦţúã൱ĺã˵Ů˲аɣֻһĹ򣬾ͱͶˡŮ˰ֽߡ
൱Ŀһߵĺ뱦Ҳĵģǣ³һʲô鶼ܰƽġ
ľӣͿˣԽǵѪմһ澵ӣŻ漣ġϹ˵ĻϣʵģȻһҲŹġ
߰ɣֵǣȥջǵսƷˡ³һ£ϵ˶˷ܵĸ¡
뱦߹ʱе㲻ĴϵǶŮתȥ뿴ǸŮˡʵ̫ıһ顣
תǸŮ˻˯ʱ΢һ㡣
ģ㲻úͻҵˣģһܺõġ
ҲԶͬ۾ˣ뱦ͳԼľӣЩϲĹ˾
ģ֪ΪʲôҪˣշôΪ֪㣬иˡҪģвٵĴԽǡֻҪǵѪȾһ澵ӣϹ˵ˣ˵ͿҵִͨһšܴһţӴԺһͨƿˡڴ֪磬ѾʲôġԽأҲǼİɡ
˵ţͻȻ俴һĿ档
һ㶡㷴Ӧôỹһ˵ңǳԼģ
Ҫתһʹȥʱ򣬺뱦ֻһ뷨ģ˵嵽ôģΪʲôԵҩûзӦⲻѧ
һǵĶǺ˽ģһ˵һͷţҲܱ鵹ġˣ˵㣬ô£
Ľ޵໹Щĺĵط
ӡתĸǰʵҲеˣֻ廹ôܶˡ
ڱĽ޵·ʱЩ֪
๫๫
֣ȫ䡣
£Ͻȥ۷ˡ
ǸšȻ֪ǲģǲһ澵˲һжﻱס
ţҰ
Ľ޵תҵ⴬ϵһЩ󣬱Ѻ뱦˸ʵ
һЩӣתڻ֫
ӣȲҪȥǱҲҵĺܡСǻԱġ
Ȼ棬СҲɵӣûȷôʱ򣬱ضԱԼİȫġǲ֪ǣڴʱСڿռ档
ŻԲѵСߣ۾ȫǾᡣ
չһǲĿȥ԰Ļ˷ŵģһȥҽǵģһģȻ͵һؼȥ
ǴģôҲð˴ȥС



İپʮ£Ϊʤ

İپʮ£Ϊʤ
ôţֿ档
ʱȥϣһȺǰľ񣬴ʱɥ׼һȺ˵ķ²
ԣôãǼԽʧ̫ܵһ㣿УϾûĿռ֮ĶһеĻ ǲҲһЩһģ
Խ룬Խһ뷨ȷġ
ԽŮ֮Իطưԣʵƾǵĳ䲻Ⱑ
Ҫ֤뷨һһȺϰ󣬼ԽŮƺɥȥȴһԽŮʱɫһ䣬ֻ˲䣬ͳһķεĶ
Ǹߵ˲䣬е㲻ҿǣֿƲˡ
Ǹȼ˵ըҩȺȺ˻ָըҩ˵Цţһĸߴ˸ǰһǸðŻ𻨵ҩ
¡
춯صһըһȺ֪鲻ˡ

ǡ
Ȼ֪һǺʲôǵļС
һȺˣûһ֮ͬġ
ҪԱˣ͵бϵӵľ
һսջԴԽȡʤա
ֻǱƽ͵ĵ죬Ҳǧٿס
ǰĲûΪƽء
԰Ҳ꣬ᣬǱըֻʣ¼Ƭ
һأһ˲ԷŹ
춹ĺϡ
ϴҲǴԽǵͷ
εʱȴôһﲻ۵ǡһǱϡ
Ҫؽ԰ˡһߣǾޱҲꡣǰݵΪһ˵ĵǰһУȫҪͷ
ΪǴֺ´ڡ⵽ǸԺǼöڵˡ
˵´ڣǰ˵Ĵǻûءߣһ˸ȥһ£һһòҪ̫ˡ
ҧгݡҲϲ챻ƻΪӣζǵͶ뵽ŵæµС
ǰЩ֮ģǲˡһ뵽ЩĻǺߵġ
ҲȥǾޱ뵽ǰǸ޵ĸˣĻǻһƬ˽ҲϣǶԷûϾ޵ûմϵ˶ôǰȥء
쵽ءЩŹֵĳһۡһֱǾޱͺˣе㲻Ⱥĸо
Ȼ֪ǰŮ˵ģǾޱҲе㱻ͬǰɣû˵İ顣ֻǾƽʱģеŹֵĸоҲ˲ΪԼȡǻɫŮ˵ĴڡڿʱȻľҪܿİɡ
һֱġǣһ㣬ǾǶ˷ĵСȻǿڸˣֻҪˣǻ᲻Խ¶ָоΪΪ˰ٺϵԵʡ
ֻǲ˽ңʵһֱܹע⵺ϵһСǾޱʼ磬ЩίĽ͡
ǺһЦкһķȥ
ϵŮǻģң䱸ĻܾƽʱսʲôģһҲ̫ӳ
ϧǸ޵СŮˣҲ֪ôˣˣǵġô˾ͲúôڼǵȥءֻǵҲֻܵ²ˡ
һǸůЦݵŮˣĻЩġ
ôõŮˣôʶء
׼̤ϴʱĽ޵·ҡҡ׹
Сӣ㻹úõİǺǣңҰ
Żõķˣ췢ĵЦһ߳ϢǾޱҲЦ
ǻá
мˣһ£⴬ϻһˣӦǰ⵺סˣ˴ġ
Ľ޵¼̵İ˵ˡ
һ˱Ͻȥ
ĸ˵˴ģҡ
봬棬㿴һֵǶһѽ߷ף˵˵˭ôǵϵʱ򣬿Ƕ˶ͽõġºҪ뿪Ҳ̬ȲһЩ֮ġģĹεˡ
˵ǵϵʱʵǶǻеģֻ˼صĺãûע⵽ˡǾޱָȴ죬е˵ˡ
뷴ǾޱȻһ㣬Ǻܺõġ
ˣԺײ뿪ˡ
⻰Ǿޱ˼Ҫ˵ǾӦðȫӴԺ



İپʮ£

İپʮ£
һҡͷˡ
ײףһһЩҪؼҵˣµԹˡ
ǾޱЦԺͲɱģһĶɧǡ
һʱ֪ô˵ˡ
ˣԺ˵ɡôһҲȥˣҪˣ
Ǿޱһ׳ա
һըˡ˭أ*
ôɶǷˣѵҪԼɣΪԽߣΪĵϵˣܳȥ˵ӡ
ǾޱˣɱˣȴĪκΡ˾ҪһЩ浽ǸˡǣѰeо档棬ǾޱˣǳԿķݡ
һǰǾޱˡ
С߷ųС߾˹
ҽءԴϣСʹʡֻ֪սҪʱԼ˵Ҫȥҽǣһʹ˾ͻԲˡ
߰ɣҲ˵սˣǺ˿ջ档Ͻôˣ
Сɻǰ棬Ҿеʹõʱ֪ʲôϮˡڹܲˣ߰ɡ
šͷϮδŰ
ΪԼصļáǣȴûСڿıӰʱԼûļ𾪡
϶֪СʱͽһܵĿ̫࣬ԶԺöҩ֮еֿġ
һöϮԼҲֻǶݵĻһ¡º㷢ԼһŹֵĿռ档
ԭһȥԵԭҲһðգȴηӡ
ֻѾͷһܣ֪ˣ롣뵽СľãԺ󻹵Ȱһ͵ٵ͵ȻʱһﴩԽǷˡ˭֪ǻ᲻ĶԸֶء
ԽǺһﴩԽǽӴԽĵġܺ˳ԵƤʣ¡
ĸһξһ𣬱˴˾˲ٸиšϾҲǾһΣա
ΣղûΪڶ죬źܾĴе㲻һ
ƺ⵺ϵ˶һЩص顣
㣬ܾҪ¶ˡ
ܻΪڿջԱ⵺ϵһЩ鲢ᱻȥͬΪԽߣԼԡ
Ѿµص⻰ɫ΢ȥ
ûгˣֻһ򵥵ĵطҪȥ˽ҲԵġ
ƽʱΪԻвٵԵġ
ȥϢҲҪһ㡣ʱеƽʱ̫ڵ͵ƽʱûôദ
ҵŰɣҲȥϢˡ
Ľ޵һȥҲ⵺ƺе㲻һ
һת⵺ϵԵȥҴҵģв˶ɫ̻Ȼ
һĩյӡ
ֵܣǲǳ¶ˣڣĽ޵סһǰ컹һֹҩѯ
˿һۣһƧĵط
ˣѽҪء
ôҷĽ޵ɫࡣǻûļʩƻأھͿʼˣɲ̫õ顣
⵺ǲءߴҲǰһģгǵ񡣾˵ûһ˳ƺǹھһİɣҲ̫˫˶ʼڰ׼š
˫Ľ޵¾⻰˼
ԵģԵģֵǲģ˽ϰɣһֱʵǷֳɵˡһԽΪ׵ġһɣԺڴΪ׵ġǰһάűϵһźһ˵սǽˣнϵһҲˡԡһɵˣסˡ
ԭǰ֮Ȼ˵ĵطͻ֮ķ
ʵ˵޷Ǿǻһ쵼߰ˣأҲ̫ӰɣĽ޵»Ի
ûӰ찡ֵǲ֪λ˵ĹдµҲȫͬء˻ҪȫһЩںڴô˵Щʱ˳ײ˺ڴˣ˵ĺܲҵġܾãڴ˵һϵеֻһɹˣ˵ҲӰء
ԭѽ
ˣҵȥ׼һһ˻ҵʱ뿪һЩ뿪ɡǵĴֻءЩʱǾ޺ˣ뿪ƵطˡڿҲٵȣ⼸͵뿪ˡ
뿪ӵһϵСһĵ˵ȷʵõѡֻǣ
ڵһƬң˵ڶģҵǾãǵĻˡ



İپʮ£Ĳ

İپʮ£Ĳ
Сţ˼ҪȥȰ˵һҿǾɣչһˡֻеȵǷֳʤǲоȨ񲢲ͬĽ޵µ顣
Ҽˣֻһ£ȴûʱ¶ǣԵĶȷʵǻǵǵϡ
ϣϻָµ
еϵľǣ𲻵ó⺣
Ǻһϵʤˡ춹һˣջʧˡ
ò˵һʧܵӡҲһʵʤѲ⣬˭λ˭ӲںλˣȻ͵гµѪߡ
ãǿȡһϵˡ񵽲ãôͲˡ
Ҫôдоһ
ڶ죬
߳һᡣ᳤ˣǺˡ
ڸ᳤ˣǾޱ
Ľ춹ˣֻΪһͨԱ
һʱп춹ŭ𣬵ǣҵΡ
Ǳˡ
˵оҩˣģоҩӦòǾ˵ġϰԣֻ¸Ϊ˿оġ
㣿Сʱյ⣬Ǹˣ˵һλǷ׿壿
⡭ԡ룬Ϻ󣬷׿ĽƾͲһж˷ֱ͹˵˻һֻǡ
Ŀһ
£ֻҲ׿йءһ𣬻治̫õ顣
ǰҲû˾ͻֳһƬ
ԺҲǻһ˺ڿ˼Ҳһ𣬶ңļȵ졣
߰ɡ
ۿ׿ǣź긾˵뿪ʱףϣеΪ˴ﵽĿģ伫
ӣ׿Ͷ˺飬˺ڵʤһ¼ҩҲдṩġ
Ľ޵µҲֱ³
׿һ治ˡ
ƺţһҲƽ춹˵жɡ
󣬱ͷ׿ǣ뿪ĽƣǾޱһ˿ҲҵģһҲǰǾޱͺ飬Ȼǰٺϡ
ŮҰĲ˺˭ܳԵ˭˵ˣɲĻŮ˷ԸµġĽ޵Ц
ΪĽƺͷ׿˵¡
ǻлġ
ɨ˲Զ䣬վһ߿ڿ羰ȴûʵ졣Ǹʱ򣬿ǸֵģԸˬʵĸҰҺ޵Ĺ
ȻʱҪĽ޵ʾҹҪһҹġ
ºڵ֪ǷȶҲǼʱ˳ӡʵһֱġʱ߹ȥҪҪһߡ
һͷţ߰ɣ컹ɢһɾ͵æµˡ
ŶҪæµؽô
ؽһ£ҪģҪһЩˡ
񲻽⡣
νߣһҶӣٺݺݾһš
ţ顣ǹΪʲôǲһΪǵһЩһĶ˵һЩʯͷĶҲ˵һʾһĲʡ˵Щô졭ˣ˵Ҳ̫
⣬һϸˣʵƷҲǼġƷҲкöڡģҲһЩϸѡ
סһЦԣҲɡǷĺϸµģȻĿĻҪĸáֻڲȷǣδӣܹܲáΪ飬ǰ飬Ǹоȫһġ
ɨһۣûٽӻ֪ӦҪԼ˵һЩˡ
СӣñţǿȥһЩ飬Ը𣿡
Ը⡣ԥͻشˡ
㶣Ҳǣ˭ԸͱǿءҡҲԸİ
ǵô
ô֪ŵĸϽվֱ
ã벻ôбɨһۣȷʵ񾭴һ㡣
ȣҲԣ˾񾭴ֵģѹֱǸǸʱ룬ҲǴҲܴ̼ȣٳ嶯֮Ҫһ¡ȴ˼ҵȦסҲбģǲϵѽ
һ뵽ķҳⲻҧгݡ
ģˡ
Ըķ䣬ǣһ䳰ȷŮˣҲġ



İپʮ£Ҷ

İپʮ£Ҷ
屻ƣ벻취顣ʵǾûȥ磬뷨ǵԼ׵뵽統ȥ
Ŵ죬ȥ棿
԰ʵϣʱˣôĽܡʵǺܶ˶ԸʵˡУҲԸⳢԺõδкõ飬Ϊʲô᲻أʱ򣬿Ǿе㲻⣬Ҳ̫ˡڹһʱձ˶ڽʵºʱǻ𣿡

˵ˡ
ʵǣ˵ǰ붼밡
ûԹô֪ôģûԹ˽ǣԼͰԼ˹ǺǣǰһȺ̫ڵСˡϣܿӦĶҲܽǵһЩӱĹ˵ʲô˵Ƕʵʵ׾ͽյ
֪ľǸģ׽ˣΪʲô˵һ
˵
Ͻ֡
ȥ˵ǻǵġʱȥı磬ǿʸֱӾȥϵȥˡ
㶼ԣô֪˼һأ磬ΪǽӴϾɵˣΪ˶ġʵвٵ飬ȫľƿô
ΪǺģ˾ⲻܹܣģҲ˳ӣǺϺѰ顣ңǷչЩ飬ܶ࣬ٷչ׳ġƾʲôԼΪԼǸأ
˵һֱĻţһЩֻԼ͵Ķ
Ϊʲô棬˶ĵطĶ츣µĲȫµһ֪Լǰ֪ʵǴġ˵һʱһֻĸʣá
ȫˡ
ûϸЩ黹˵Ĳ
ңеҡȻ˵ЩܶģһǾã飬Ҫȥźá
ţҲûָھˡֻǰͨһ쳵ķչ죬棬ȥһ´ˡ
Լȥı䣬չ硣ʵϣǴԽĵطһôĴԽһ϶ԭġ̫ȥһæ˵ǵľǶǾ˵۹ǣֻҪһһĿУ棬ǾܼõĽˡ
˼ǵУֲһ䡣
ңһˣ㵥һˣвٵһġôһǴ𣿲ܣǻǻãʵҲһЩܴˡ
Ҫ˵ԽĶˡñϣȥ洴ֵҵȻԸȥˡǣҾǼ˲ԸȥġûҰģôһʱԽ㶯֣
иԵѡǲõԼеĶʵϣҵķǸԶҩżóоϸϸΪƣⶾҲǸ̫Ѱ顣
Ľ޵µĶǺаյġ
ǵõЩΧ˳ǵʱҲùĽ޵µĶҩиһζңûЩҩôʻء
˵ǸźܺÿˣȻһóļһ
һγԾˡ㷴Ӧһ֣˵ôʲôģǳǲĿģ
ʱŷӦ
ò˵Ǵֹ˰
ºͿ
֣ʹˡʵȷʵĿĵģߵˣҲĿĶġֻǵĿƣȴҲе㲻ơ
һᵽߵˣһ
ˣеһ̫óˡΪҲܿƵסǣЩˣһҰһµ顣
Ҳգֻǰʵ
Ǳˣǻô磬ҵĵǵĵطıˣҲˡǰݵţǾأǿɷǵţ
һΣĬˡ֣һɿ
ɬȻһЦ
֪ǲ˳ˣҾȻ˵ĺеӡҲò˵Ȱ˵ҺܶġϾһֱФ뵽磬Ҳţϵˣҵɹ



İپʮ£

İپʮ£
Щ΢΢Цˡ
ǰ˵ʵϣĳʦǶĿһ뷨ʦ˺õķˣԿŵõǵϿɡѷ˳ˣʦּõС
ǣ˼ڼ飬ʵǣҲҪϿɡ
˭˭˭һµĶٱϿˣҲгɾ͸еġ
ͱϵЩƣĶ棬һЩѧңиָֽˮ࣬ԼɫĻƷʱ磬ӵЩȽĶͻͽķչ׳
ǣżеʱ߳дСԼĶǵĳɾ͸ҲᱬġͬĵҵľԼҸҲҺܰΪԼĳɾͶԺ뷨
ô룬磬ʵ֮ĽôӣֻҪģԸӴ˽⣬һţҲ̫ѵ顣
Сӣ˳Ҳû˵ˡðɣһ濼ǵġһᣬ뽭˵һ¡
ϵģҲԷһ㡣һ˵ǲܣǣһԺѿġôһ룬Ҳ̤ʵࡣ
ٻȥʱ˾˼ࡣ
סĵطкü䷿䶼ƻˡסŵģҲһġ
Ϊ뽭춹һͶԵһηַסһˡ
춹ϴһصˣĺܡ
죬ô
ɢɨһۣſϣ춹㰡ãòã
춹üߵǰ˫ֳ棬
죬㲻ǳˣԽӴ˭˭˵ʲô
ﻮһ˿Щ鷢̫ˣòһ㡣
˫°ͣŶĽ춹ţ춹̫ˡһȷʵǺһ˵˲ٵĻҲ˵һЩ硣˵ʵе㶯ˣҲҪȥ˷
춹ӳԾȴɫ˵ҵ֪ô˵Ҳġ
е½춹ģһλһӡ
ңλ񣬻ȣҲµһ㡣
ǡ˵ġʵ磬ˣҲĲ ǡǵĹߣڵľǣܽǵʵķ죬Щͺ˽ܣˣҲٰǵġ
춹ԳԾ˵ȷʵȷġİ˵ȥôǵĴڣǰڿеעĿǾˣĶˣЩٿǵҲֻ
˭˭˵ģ
˵㻹鷳ô
е㲻ġСӵĸоͦõģǸŮȻҲƯȴԼòѹ֮ġ
ҸҪһ㣬С˵ᣬһ𣬾;˶ио
˵ˣںǸһͼƯСӡЩҲֻ˵ĳ
żˣ㣬㣬춹㣬㲻ҪҲֻ˵ʵѡ
춹һתƿ˴
У˵ʵǻƽⶾҩģҸȥǺöơǿԣң벻۾԰ɡôţΪԼһأ
Ͱ͵ģ춹ת۾
죬̫棬̫һεϵ飬޹أô
ҡͷ
Ҳ˵ˣʵ֮ԻҲΪҪ£ǴԽһԵʡ˵ˣ˵ıȽҰǣܾҪ硣һˣ˸ùһ㡣
춹ЦأƾСӵĻѡ˵ô
ţǣô죬ѲɻôһһһľҰĲңҲǡоһЩǵҪĵǣЩҷĶ᲻Ļ¶
춹һתĬĬŴá˺þã̾˿죬˵ǶԵġ

첻⿴ԼĴ
˵ʵĵģҲǵĵĺ¡Ǹʲôˣұ˭ЩʱҪôҲǿҲԸ̫ǣֻϣܲˡڿҰǻԽԽ͵ġһ̫棬̫ѽڡԼҲ⼸վһߵ˸ˡ


İپʮ£

İپʮ£
⻰°֡
ǣǣ춹˵ˣ鲻Թ㣬ҪԹҲֺֻܹǲ˰ҰĲҪ磬ôڵ·һ㷢ǵҰģҾҲǺء
ܿܣڴѶҲˡЩ飬ĿԳһءȥӴһСӡ
첻⣬춹㣬ȻҲȤΪʲôھȥӴأ
춹ɨһۣȥ˵ĸо۰Ͱ͵ĴȥУ
ǲô׵ٺɵЦ
㰡ʲôʱܳİûûεȥԺ󶼳ˡ춹ɵǺֺЦ
ȫ۰
ȻͬǴԽˣȫΪȴϲûĻĹġ
˵ط˭ĲȥҲˡ
찡ҶҪúõģڰǻȥģδһƬǲ̫ġ㿴ɽǰҵ·ġǴԽԭһ·ˣⲻһĻļõôǼǸҩţ˲˵Ĺǵġ
ҲġҪͣһġ
ãͣһҪͰ
ȵڴˣ춹ȴ˺ܶࡣ
Щ飬벻ģҪȫȥֻóһǾȽӴһˡֵҲǲԡʱǵòһУֻû·ˣߵĸԶҲߵûйǡ
ҲһҹǾޱſ˵Ļش󼡡
Ůˣǰʾղûιô
˴Ƶż㺡񣬿Ǿޱһȡ
ȣҰѺڴ˵ˣôлң
ǺǣҪҪһΣ˰ѹ¡
ҪǲЪϢŰɡ
Ů֪ҵĵһŮˡ
ǾޱͷҿĳĵһκɬЦĸġ
ֻһþŮ˳ˣû¡
ǣ˵㣬ȴǸгɾ͸УңҲѵõ˸˼ΪҪԸæɡ
˵Ƕ˵ʲô˲ùʲôֻҪԸȥһж⡣
һȥôܳɣи˰ǰڽҪµҩҰķԸġһԺҲǵˡ
ɵƯǵĹңԺͻǻʺ󡣡
뵱ʵôأǾޱЦţһķֱӾϡ
ʵۣ
棬˱һĨǳȵаЦֻҪ£ʵҲа
ڣҪʵһ
˵䣬һȴ硣
Ů˰ŵӣľͲûˣǣ¶ȣȴһǡ
ͬģһ
鸩Ҫôҩġһ˫֣ȴ˵ظṴš
ֲˣ
аģ͸ĺҧŴСŮһĿЦš
Ҳ˵ˣ˼Ǹô˵ˣˣǸӲô
ȥˣСүҿɲ̺򡣡ĲݾܾĻĺȤ
˵ĺ󾢲ϵĲ伷ţʱʱҲһ¶ļ
˵ʵôˣһûĸˣǾޱҲûֳ嶯ģҪһ˵뷨Ψ㣬һҩģȴҪŽӴһ£Ұ¡
˵ҡǰ͸Ĳյ
ǲž
ǻĶءӴҲֻһС֣ϧǲܻصִˣȻǶɹһ׹ҲԲѡ
֣˵Ķ棬ԼӡȻߣźÿģǹаЦݵĴԼһ˫ۣ޿԰Ρ
ʵҲ֪ڵԼġ
ͻһˣԵǲԵġƫƫ˻ԸʵĿԼʧˣҲҪӴңõĳ谮
ŮˣǷ*
˼ҾԸõ껯ΪʲôһҪЩôװģǿһЩе˼顣
ңүܷġ
˵ȫ
鰵Ծġ
ֻҪˣͻẦ£壬ǣָһҪͷ
֪첻òȥ
ɫ
ˣһڶƿˣǽҪʲô



İپʮ£Ƿ

İپʮ£Ƿ
ҪôɫбɨһۡɾһۣаȵĹ񣬻úЮȡ
ģˣʱ޿̲ɢ
ȣ̸µʱ򣬲Ҫۣܲ㰡һ
׿ֽ˽ŮķǿܹˣҪһֻҪԺЩԽߵĵ͸ˣߡ
ôһ룬䡣һȻǹԹԵһЩըҩ֮ġУǸ´ڣҲһô÷ЩԺưһЩ
˵⻰ϵаЦŨˡ
ǰ治ôֳư顣
ȻôһţĴԽߡ
һҫ۵ЩǲܳΪưԵĶҲǰ׻ˡ뵽ԼƿصЩ׿岻òЦ
ַĵЦݣɢȻĵϢĺƲס־ᴥĴ
ô죬㣬Ҫˡ
ûʱ򡣡
оţȥ͸˳Ҳһй»𡣡
鿩Цת뿪
ɣֻҪǵĹˣضԼˡȻǿƲסҪò֪£ȴƫƫҪ
ײϵЦȥȡȻһ룬ָֻν
ôǵһҶĵģҪˡչҪ㣬ܸʲôۣ֪ڶ¶һ޷ˡ
һϣǾޱʹƵ㡣Ըⷽ涼̫ˣǰˣŻڰһĻ𻨡ǵڣͬʹΣյʱ˲ŷ֣ʵϲͬԸŮˣҲϲ˵ġ
ݣ׿ߵĵŴ⡣һɨղŵаȵϢʱȫ¶䣬ġ
ŮˣԼĶһ㣬Ȼ
֪ûоҲţһҪ㡣ૡ
ΪûõйתײǾޱš
§ŵͣ˶ĽƲõ·ߡ
˳ըϣʱȫ»˺ˮĳղŵ״ȷʵͦҵġ
Ǿޱһ͸͸ӡ
ʱٸͷһſǶźһЦ
ڽ㣬ǲǾҵ۹ⲻ
ǲͦϵġ
ղ˵壬ȫĻˡҲԽ꣬ԽľͿĻءѹ˼˵ģζǲͣ
ڽ㰡һûԸɡҪ˵λҲ̫һ㡣ڽôͷǵúһ찡
˵ŻǾޱڴ齡
ʵҲˣǰǰʾҲνġڣҲ֪ô£;òӦúҸ˿
üǾޱҲˣӦģ
ǾޱνĺܣһϵԼ̡
ڽ㣬㲻һıôǰǲ֪һڵ֪һˣΪʲôҪԼԼڽ㣬˲˵㲻һŷ磡
˵꣬Ʋ ³һȦ
Ҫ˵̫ΣˡȻȷʵǴ̼ǰɣһΪЩ˲ҪǵĺáڽǳԲġ
鷳ùǰ̣ŵȼҲ֪ģ֪ΣգǻǿƲסԼģʲô취
ʵڷĴҲ֪켸ôһ֣Ժô
ʱǾޱǾò˼ĺܣôʶǸ˲һµʱ䣬ôҰģ
ǰҲҰģֻǸû֣һֱѹŵġһ˳ˣһ㻰һҲԸӡ
ˣԺôԺ˵ɣֻڡңҲҪиңôһֱһˣҲˡ󣬾Ȼ³Ļ
Ǿޱ֪λı仯е󣬵ôҲû뵽ı仯ز
ڽ㣬˵Ҳӵģڵ뷨ĺΣյ֪
۽ȫɬȻǾޱݽȥˡ
һ̾ȴǾޱĶų鴤ˡ
飬۽ȴһ顣
˵ģ֪ǲԵģһǿƲסԼİ˵ôôķأ
Ǿޱ˵㲻ǰŮһĻŲô
ǣ˵ΪԼҲġ



İپʮ£ԽԽ

İپʮ£ԽԽ
Ҫô죿̳ˣǾޱЩεʡ
˵أбһ̵ģȴ͸޾Ŀ
ò˵ĺʵǺջġ
ǾޱŲŲۣԼҪעΣյԸŮˡ
ǲҲ˽춹һˣҪٺͺãָǰǸ̶ȿ϶ǲеˡһˣҲû˺˵·ģչĲˣоһЩĶ͡ȥ˰ɡ
Ҫ뿪ˣһʱҲ֪ô͸
ţҲģȷʵǲ뷨ҲҪи˰ɣǾޱҡ
ǾޱĬȴǵϵ̻ҡ֪һҲϲҡһȷʵǺܿܣҲм飬Ȼңеģֻԭʼĳ嶯
Цˡ
ͷ޳Ĳ¶𪣬ϸ壬⻬ľˮһǸ߰һӣҪ
飬ǵߵһŮˣĳһζԶôĶء
˵Щֲܰҡ鲻мĺܡ
ǾޱЦҡͷ㰡ôôءˣ˵˵Ժ·ɡ飬ôϣһǲҪΪжԵˡ
бɨһͻȻС
ҵԶĴ󱦱ôһβ¡
⻰ﳤȥ
һţǾޱЩ㶡
ʱ᲻ԽĶԱȡǾãǸĽƵˣƺʺԼһЩ
ȻҪϣǾޱЩǻ
ŮˣҶˡվſڵĽƣɫ΢䡣
ŮˣڿڿİͬʱűŮˡһ뵽ҵĹȥòޡ
֪ôģ뵽ǸһЦůŮˡ
ֻкһ𣬲ܾԲİɡһ죬ʱ򣬰еһжǰ
ŮˣӲġ
Լ¶ЦݵˣǾޱ֣װģˡ
ޣȻ
ǵˣչ黹бġ
Ҳ֪ĸŮˣ˵ǣңǰУԼҲǲǸĶɡ
Ϊôںأ
һôˣ֮ԼͺáΪһԽŮˣûҪ
뵽ǾޱԼˡ
㣡
ôԴˣ
ǾޱЦһ죬Ҫﵽϡǣ޳һֱ¡
˫ֱԺ󣬿컨ĵطǳЦݡ
Ǿޱһ¡
ףСеŹְ
˵ЩĽƷ˸˯ɣҲֻǸȡѡ
ĻȴǾޱϲҲȫԼİ
װģ˼ԴôģȻѽ
ԽǾޱԽǿġ
ֻ񣬲֤Լġ
ֻǣûǣŤˣʱűԳЦݡڹһ󣬲ŻָȻתƺε§Դ档
˵Ҫô졣
һúõģװģҪӰɣֻ˺ӣǸϵһ𡣡
ĽסǾޱɫ΢䡣
ô㲻Ըô
ǣʱҵŬһѣôԵ㡣
˵꣬ٶϡǾޱһμˡ

㣬⵺ϵ飬ҳԽĹŹ֣ˣЩˣǸˣôˣ
ΪôţԶЩϢʲôҲ̫˽⡣ʱҪϢҲֻܴˡ
ڱιһҩһ첻ҩͻȫ˿Ҳŧ֮ģ֮ܵġǸˣΪģܵĳͷҲصġ֪˸ɻùڵѻİɡ
ʼ磬һﴩԽŮ˵ĳͷе㲻⡣ѻھܻڹô
£ӵء
ϲһЩ飬ֻΪǵƷܿ϶Ļ˼⼸쿴ǸˣʱƤܺڣʱƤԵá˵ģǲôˣǱƷԴˡ
ǵĽչأǲһ㣬µʱ߲ˡ
ЩġûдпռҲ벻طҪ뿪˱ĶǰЩ˵ĴֻǣһŮ˸ˡң֪ǲ˵˼⼸ˣĿǰԽԽǰ˹עš



£ݲٵ

£ݲٵ
㣬ڡԽĲˡ˵ԼĿ
񵭵һЦ֪ţ˵Ǽġ⼸˲ңҲĲ
Ȼˣ뿪İա
ôƶҲû˵
ˣԾôİɡ
ðɣҵ̸С
̯ƺĵ죬춹ɢƺɺϵˡ
һɢ
á
΢΢һЦȹȻϡ
̸ֻһЩ羰֮顣
̸ͥ
ĸӣǶܹԣҵĸǻЩʹһĿɰǣҵԲˡ
ҸҲһ˰ĵŮˡ
Ŷл㣬Լĺӣвġ񲻾öԼĺǰкֵҪ佱ġ
ǣ춹ȴҡͷ
ֻǲϣҲе˲ܸĸϲġҸ㽲°ɡ
ðľǹˡ
춹ƳһۣĽһ̫Ĺ
һ棬һĿˣְԶæµԼҵԶæôܰԼĸƯôԼһơӣһֱǴСһš
ʱƲؼңеС㺬ᣬüԼ˷һŸڵİôĲˣԼ˲ˣǶٷʵ֪ʲôζǵΣε˰ǣǣ˻ǳԵĺÿġǵܵܣϲ˵ԵˣԺǾͲôˡ
ģ
ɺ޵ĸںء
һ죬ڼܲסھӵ˵Žȥһ档ǣ;ʱӵ绰ȥˡܵܣΪû˿ţˮСӴ˿ʼµĲ˶˵ְںһָֻ֮ǰĸԹԼ״̬ȵǷ֣ԼŮİʱͷʼָ
˵ôǮҪΣҪơ
ֵ˵ô󣬾ΪϣΪҺϺӣеǮʣȫҪһծһܾǵȡǣһԷȴһδε
˶֡
ĵλ֣ȥԸҲ֡ǸŻծĸףֱɥĲĸ˵ǰŮߣҵծһ塣
ɽֱŹҪȥӦŮ
ףŹﷴֻǽţ㲻㲻ҵ
ôĵ̫ɶˣôɰСʹ£ôˣ
۾ˡ
Űӵ顣
ߣ
ȻˡŽ춹ôȻӣЩˡ
ǿ춹ȴЦˡ
ҲҲգΪҾǸ׽ҪȥĹңҲڵʱ̫ھңಡԽˡҪΪԭҲԽɡʱֻǵãһܹܵϮңҾƮƮƮ뿪뿪۾ʱӵһܵܡڸ㹻Ǯһ뿪ˡ
ΪʲôҪ뿪ʱյĵܵһô
ǲ⣬ҲЩ𾪡û뵽춹˵ľÿһиԵĹ£⻰Ҳûеġ
ΪҵܵмˣкӣˣһԸĸԼ游ĸȻǶҲܺáȻȴûҵҵĸоûиҲǡ뿪ˣҵԼȦӣһжͦõġǣӱܲһЩӵķ
֪ˡ
ЦˣȻӴ춹ǶԵġ
ʵϣֻһȺҪʵоŶܵԼĳɹܸǴ֣ǱóһЩһЩȨԸ⣬ҿ˵ǵľΪ·ţκһҵľбץΣա
춹죬ûٽӻˡ
ѡҲԥǣҿ⵺ϵƣֻԽԽݲٵȥˡŶҲ˵ˣϵĶʵ๫ΪǽרŴ¶˾Ǹ֣ʵϣ๫Ҳһɽ¶ˮһֻ֡ƽʱΪ˵͵Ըˡ
춹۵ֳбɨһۣҾûĸŮˣԼ๫ġ˵ĶԣǱҪѡˡȻǵȲġ



һ£

һ£
һ죬ҵ춹̸һ󣬽춹ɫĳӡ
̫ˣȻҪоǹֻ֦һоߣôоǹ֧
Щţ춹㣬ҲǴоһֿɱ˵ĵаҪѹŪĴһЩġھоôײϵĵܾãҪоĶԵԡҪǰѶоȥ
춹ЦЩɥϣ Եô˼ ôĿģȻΪˡ
춹³ʣֻöޱȡ
ҪҰģôܵڲֻһϡΪԸ⣬žʹˡ
ڵãԸ徲˼ҲԸⰡ
ܲס࣬Υ飬ڡ
죬ϵĶȷô
㣬ҵĶֻҪٷһЩҩͿˡĽ޵ǲҸҽ⡣ΪǸ˿ԹȷʵЧġңҲ֪ô£ҾĽ޵ºˣҲԸź⼸ˡܾߵˣտ¡
ǵĹǶԵģȻҲе⣬ǲǴġǲˣûȥˡ
Ҫжô쵽Щ˷ڴӡ
չͲһֱֻо֮Ķ
浶ʵǹĸʱ򣬻ûôӴġڵãҪȺŹˣŶ˷ڴء
ѽǸԸҺļҲֹˡǺʵĻôҲðһжܾʹ˷Źһ˰
һУпгɹôúռءҪôģҲ ϲźá
ǽȥɢȥߵĺ
ˣҪȥϸ̸һ
£ͳߵĺ֮ȥ
Ľ޵³Էһ˵ϵʱȥߵĺһߣ˳Ҳоһĺ֮ġ
ڴĶĽ޵ƫִһķо񣬾統ԻԵĳ̶ȣŲŲ
ӣʵЩҲģֻҪǺúദܳΪѵġ
ֵҡͷ๫ҿɲΪǿᷢеĶңֻƼһҵİɡԶ壬Ҫطҵļҡ
Ľ޵Ҳˡ
ֻ˵ϲЩıǡҪ˵ôǲڵġӣ˵Ҳǹ˼ġ⺣϶⺣㡣ұض׷㣬һֱߡ
Цüﶼ顣Сţҷڵ黰ԽԽ˳ء
㣬ô黰ҲֲһЦݡˣҸоǵнչˡ
Ҵææ죬Ľ޵ǣӭȥ
춹һҪǵʱ䲻ˣǰԽԽ̬ҪоĶҲȫһЩɱĶҸоһо뿪һƬʱ򡣶ǣɿƷоȥ
ͷȷʵҪǰжˣһνǱض˵ǰԤˡ
ġȭ
˵䣬춹ԶҴææ
ɫЩšһͽ񣬡ҴӦǺǱҪʲôˡ
ŵģĽ޵һۣһʳʲô飿
Ҳ֣㣬ôˣ
ҳʱһ󡭡ǹǴӺķ洫ġ
ɴۣҲǺһǹǹˣ
춹ɻһۣô֪ǹ
ɣϽͣᣬʵǣȻҲΪ˽̫ഩԽߵġ֪ģ֮ǰɵĺ´ڣЩɱǿǹֶǿµĺܡʱ˷ǹ֧Ļסһˣֻܳٱˡ
˵֮ǰһǸ˲ţɱ̫ϧˡ
ڣΪ˲øΪǵս꣬õľǰǷϣǸɴĽǲҪɱ˰ɣչһˣһǲԸ⴩Խ߱ɱ
춹̫޳ɡҲԸ⡣԰չһĳõͬһˣº֣ܾ²ȥ֡
Ľ޵ҡͷǰĻǴԽߣôǳԵĵҲôǲԸɱǣǣȴΪԼİΣԥǡʱ򣬵Ͼ͵öϣȻ۵ģֻԼ



£˿µĶ

£˿µĶ
ǿʱǣǵ취ô뿪УôǵɣǴϡ
Ľ޵£΢΢һЦ
óöҲáֻǣҪһýСУܺߵǸˣ޷סϾһóˡõģʲô취˸źá
ҪǾըҩըˡĻ뺷ĺܡ
ȴҡͷֻ²׵˵ըҩըˣըҩȼʱһʱѽŷ׿ĹڵһʱھͷӦ
գô죬ǾɵۣʵõģҪ˼ƲСˣô֪᲻ϲ˶أĿǰŰɣԺҲֻĹϵѡصĹϵƺ˻ûͻơһҿıͿĳ
˼ƣ
ЩĿĽ޵¡У㲻˭ļƲߡ
Цȥն
ҲҪ
˵ҲãСӵնǸⰡҳǸһ￴Сӵ¶Ȥӡ춹Ǻ޳ɡϾǳŮˣǲôӴʵҲǺ˽ġ
СӣǸǾޱߵˣҳҲڱеӣҪ˵ʵ԰ǷָƵġ
ҲϹϡǰǵİʩСƣǶֹͽŶһΪ˼Ŷ
Ľ޵ºԥɨһۣ˵ǵķ˲ôһվҪҵȥջˣ
Ůǵô
ĳ뽭춹Ĳмɨһۡ
ҵﰡǸпôõļһ˰㲻ҪôС
⻰˵Ľ޵µ
ҪЦĽ춹ʼ磬ȻֻҪõİ취ܽ⣬ һжģ˼ʲôģҲֻİ취ʵʩġ
롣
ȵĽ޵ת߿ˣͷֹ
СӰҾˡһͦ˵ءǹҲͦζġѵŰʣҪôܺÿҲζأ
ס
Ľ޵µʱĺԼԼȷʵǺܰԵַġ
ġ
С˰ɣƽʱȷʵǺᣬ絽еġ
һ˶ϣǾ;ˡ
һ뵽ͰԷЦ
ѹָղᱻŻء
뵽Щ˾Ȼǹ֧Щˡ
ת¹
˵ǹʲôãǹʲôģٸҽ
ԭνЦݣҲΪ⻰
㣬㲻Ҫң⵺˷ˡǹ˰ɡ
죬춹ǹǴӺ洫ġãǺ黹ǻ飿
һӾ;ˡ㣬ۻǸϽ뿪طɡǻؼңǹ̫ˣһСľͻǶġУҸ㽲ֶ˼ԶҲԴˡֻҪ׼ˣ϶еġ
ˣôԶľ룬ⲻǱȼµô
׼ȥҪˣܰǹһǹֻҪĿ۶ҪءҸô˵ɣĽεε˶ֻҪвҲǹö˵ġǹεķ˵ô
һ飬ǹĶһյĽôʵǣǾʹ˾ҪҲ
Ҫ⼸˽Ȼسɴ󻼡
˲䣬ϧһдۣҲҪĽƺͷ׿壬ԼǵŮһϡңҪҲµһ֡
֣ǰľӡ
Ҳ֪һӻ᲻˵ӵԽߵ죬ô᲻ת
һ߽취ʱһߣһڿЦ
磬̫ˣû뵽㲻ǸҩţһЩǹҲ˵ֻһ㣬ܰЩĴ췢Щǹǣ̫ˡҲôЩġ
֮ͭģţԼһЩĹĵǹն
ΪֹɣĻгͷʱ
ԽǳɫʵҲԽĵġϾ̫ˣȻǰ˾úӣΪŮˣֻ»ܱġƿصˣЩ̫Ͷ롣



£Ը׿

£Ը׿
ŮˣԽߵʲôģΪʲôĶǲ֪ĶҪģЩһ߲ĴڡӵЩռ磬Լȥˡ
װģģĴ϶ܵõġǰܵһеίҲᱻѪϴɾ
Ůˣ˵ļԡڿҶеϲˣϾôʶŮˣǲ
˵ʲôʱأ
ŮҰģ׿Ц
ȻŮ˵뷨Ҳ򵥡
Ұģ뷨Ůˡ
򴽡
̸һʽװɡʵװҵĸоҲɣû̫ĸ顣һֱϵȥǲ̸һЩʵһĽס
׿һЦ۽ǰŮˣġ
Ůˣܴ൱Ĵ
ллܶ˶˵ŮڰҲʱ򣬵Ȼ͵ΪԼ㡣Ҳ̫ˣҲܱƭˡ෴ģֻһ˽ģԸΪԼĴڡ˵һһεĺɣҿΪģԼܸҵģ
׿ְ§ͻȻݺҧһ¡
ã̸һ£ڣҪķʽ̸һ
ں黹ûļӦʱ򣬱㱻˼ȣֱӵǽڡ
СţԽԽˡ⵺ϵˣûûҹĸŻȴû㹻ʳﲹҲǰһģôһȥϢС˵ˣŪЩͶǹ֮Ķеľĺ´ڵڵ
ȫɱǿĶһóȥĻġ
Ľ޵µɫҲǴĩеࡣ
ǱҪһˣʦڣ
һҲϲʦˡ
ֻǣһλҲ˶Ľ޵Ȼܽ⣬ȴҪʱġ
ϲʦܵŷ׿壬ֻǶе㲻ӦϾ׿ǸˡĶϣӲӲģϲʦܲ£ҩѽ
ǰһġ׿ˣһƶĿµĴڡ
ĽƣĿǰҲ֪ںڹûѧһЩ˽ĶҪȷ׿鷳ҪýһЩңĽ˻ǡ׿ʲôҲܲ˵ĴڰˣҲûİɡ
⼸һҩֻҪҩܳɹ÷׿ġ
Ľ޵˵Ҳû˼Сճˡ
ֻѷ׿鷳ȻСȥɫյˣǲС
ɫζҩݣֻҪܿ׿ʱڴ֮ڣ˾ͲٹˡֻҲ¶Էڴ򶷵ĹУҲϲʦһС
ǰһźˮҩҲ˵һҩĶҪڴУܴٳ䷢ӳ
ģϣʵûֻһͿжĴڡУⲻô
Ǳִǹ֦ʲôĻҪĿ¡
һ㣬ʵǺöдĶˡ
ҩĿڴµôô·
ǰϲʦ½ҩвҩֻҪŶԷעʱ򣬰ҩڶԷϣµߣҩȥʱ򣬾аյʱˡ
ã׿ϲʦȥ㶨ˡ
һߣϲʦƵģһЦУƣһߵ˾١
СϱƣζͷҺϲϣԺǳȥ󣬻ܺȵǵϲư
Ҳǿĵĺܣ˼ң췢ľƣϲͺáҲе£ЩѾζôͣõġ
Ǻ ǰֻϣȥԸԳĺȾưɡ
ˣϲʦϸ֤̽˵һеģӦǺŮˡ
ϲʦڲ̽ŵɱԼӵĳˡ
ͨ⵺ϵдԽʿĶԱȣշֻкǱʡ
ͨ͸¶һ仰֮ԻĵϣʵΪʵͶ·ˡ
λɢˣı֮ģǲǺˣ
϶ģǼԴӶɢ뿪к˶ͼѰһЩŹֵࡣʵѰԽһǱߡʾԼԽܣűˡֻǣ˼ֻҪȢ
ӴˣҲ֪ǸŮ˵Ŀ϶СΪҹƶɢ˵ӣںǿһЩ취ϧǻС˴ԽһܣȻôᷢЩء
ϲʦķò˵Ǻܾȷġ
ʵټԼ󣬵Ҳѵóһ



£屩

£屩
ϲʦŮ˾ͽԸɣֻҪȫԸ˷׿˾ͺá
á
ϲʦ΢΢һЦƺһӾͿࡣ
ԴϺʦҲȷʵǿʣĻ˲١
ƺǰһЩй֮ģеıˡ
Сţûоãʦ⵺Ϻķʲôһ
ϵʱĽ޵ֹϲʦ顣
ţǾǰһЩִŵ飬ûҪٴס˰ɡҲľԾʹˡĽ޵Ҳֻ͡ǣһ仰û˵е˿ˣһУҲٴˡһ룬Ľ޵¾ûбҪһϲʦ
ţʦ˵仰
ȥɡû̫ࡣ
˿Ľ޵Ჽϲʦķȥ
ʦҡ
СŰСӰҹĲȥԼСӣʲô
ͷҿнײĵˣȫɶɢųء
Ľ޵ģһȥ
ʦ֣ȴŵϲʦĸϽ֡
˵СڸʲôôһС
ʦ㻹ҪţСҪ㣬ҲҪ㡣֪˱뷨ԺжڰˡҲ뿴һӻھεУ㣬ΪǣΪĳһɡ
ϲʦĬˡ
ȷʵǿ˲ٵĶ
ҲǰôִŵĻţǸŮˡ
ǣĽ޵µ˳ǣǿЦݡ
еһУܡ
ĶţСں˵˵ʲôأ뷨İɣһǸ϶
˵Ľ޵²ŷһ㡣
ǲһ䡣
ʦʵҲ֪ͶɢʲôĹϵһҿ˵ϲֻаڣʱ򣬻бݴڡҺһʦԼˣĸʦһĴڣֻϣǲҪҡʧȴʱʹ࣬һЩź
Сӻôࡣ
ģֻϣͬһɳҲҪǣĸǣĲ뿴ǳɳֵȢ˸ԵϱһѵСһǡһǾͿٸСˡֻµʱСˡ
ϲʦ۾һơӴιСаһûҰСǴˣǹһߣ˵ұ˼Ҫǿ壬ĳþãϵ뱧Ҳʱ򡣡
ж־뷨ҪȥˣĽ޵²һЦת뿪
ֻʦܳõĻȥȻˣҲôܵġ
ȵĽ޵뿪ˣϲʦײֹ
˵ļһҪҪپȥأ
ȥ˾һ
ˣʵ黹ǲҪĺáǻС˵ʱſһ㣬˵ĺһЩ
׿Խˬ뵽úҪ磬ò͡
ˣ㣬ǰͻȻȫչˣҪָǰƶȡ˵˲ָҲˡʱ˳㱨
˻ĺ飬̧һӡ
ĸط˰չˣ
һˣ˵ٲ˳ȥͲˣȥԶĵˣҲԸٴ
һȥԶĵطˣǵôģûеˮԴʳ֮ģҪȥҺǺǰ
һӴ˻˳
һߴ·һѯһô¶
ڽ㣬ķ棬зоз֯еһˣȫͣˡ˶һµĿھҪָǰĹءûϣûδţǶҲԸٴ
ǰ㱨ĺצҲŲʾεĺܡʵҲ棬һֱܻؼң̫Ľ鱦ֻһӾʹˡ
϶ڵļ꣬ʮ껹šһӣ˭Ҳ޷ܵȥǰ飬̫뵱Ȼˡ
һһҪ֮ʣ뿳ˡ
ܻϡ
һߣ׿嵽·
һȫչˣ
һʣһ˷Ӧŷ׿壬Ҳ˵ڸ
ôȻ飬Ȼû뵽Ҫ֪һﱻǿƵĵƽʱֻҪ㹻ǮƣҲǹʵġͻȻ˶ڱֻ˵һ㣬䣬ȺɢһЩֻŵҥԣǿʵĻ֮ɿԣһ˸ű



£г

£г
϶ˣģҾ˵Ӧ½춹һŮˣڿضڸ
Ůˣȥ
޴ŮҪȥ棬׿е㻳ɣǰŮ˴ӡ󣬿϶ǸȻôʧصŮˡ
ңҾǲ
Ȼأ׿бű׵ĺ飬ǵĳԽԡúһӾѹ
ұҪǸŮ˾ڹɱˡ
׿鴤
һ޴ɾҩˣһǸֵý׵ˣˣұض˺ٺϵ
˱Ļĺȫ䡣
⡭ѵܶҪã
㵽Ҳ̫ʱһﱩ񣬴˵϶ϲǰ춹Ĺġȥսĸˣⲻ˸ɷôʱֻ²ٹɱˣ˼Լˡĵ죬ȻҲǻӶ࣬ҲǾԲȥİɣȻˣΪʲôҪıģûδı
һº鲻֨ˡ
ǲ˵ǼӰӵҸıҲܲһ㣬ˣǾǹ涨˼һӲ׼ȥ˭ûģ˭⵺ʯͷĳҰˣûаɣû˲һңԼһٹ
һ£Ҳˡ
Ҷˣ֪ôȥǰˡ
׿忴۴⻹ΧƹȺҡͷˣǻǵ͹һ˵û뵽 ֻоȴû˼ҴӺϮˡʵ˵ԺǶԸ˵ʱ򣬶ϲԵġȻֻļҡ
鿴ŸɫȺҲĬˡ
ȷʵˡ
߰ɣȥ洦һЩ顣
׿۾΢С
ŮȻ޴һ㡣
˵ǵ÷λ
Ȼʱַ죬ҲоĶҵôԼִˡ
Ҫı涨Ҫٵϵū
ҪɣҪȨҪһйδ
ڵĵȨߣҪǰĴλ
ԵģҪǰĴλڵĵȨ߹ȥ
ҪڵĵȨˣȥȥ
һЩںţ鳹׵ı˺ӡ
ʵǣˡ
λڵĵȨߡ
˵㱻һͶ졣
ǹȥʲôƨȨߣλᡣǲҪĵȨߣ
ҪǰĹߣҪһλ
һߣ׿ڷˡ
綾߰ɨֳˣƣܵЩη塣Ͳߴ󣬵ȫѹȴǲġ
ĸĹһֱûˣ֪ĹȫŮˣˣһֱǵһĿŶӣһλȨߵԸֱ죬˵ΪгŸ顣
һںʡ
׿üһǺǡŭЦǣ˵Цȴܵ˸
һгôװҲг衣
Ǹ˵ܵڶһѺ
Ϊǰ˿ƴݵǣɱȴ˭ܸܵġ
̫ˣ˿䡣
ɨҾֱ߶ϵĴ
ÿĶ

׿һһѷɵ׼ȷԶǸŸվĵط
ŵļɢ
ӳ׿ԶķΧڣ¿ĴֻǣһͰм˸¶
㡣
ϲʦʱ׿µĴЩΡƺŤҲ͸Щ⡣
ͷȻãҲΪһŮ˵г裬ȴĶ˵
ͷ׿ȡ
ǻˡ
ŲͣҲٶš
ϲʦĹһЦˣ̫ʢҲ̫õ鰡г軹˵ĿҲиԵˣѹֻһŮԵʲôҲ֪ͳӣгҲ֡
Χ۵ˣЦֲЦ
˼㲻֪˼Ҫɱ㣿
˵࣬һֱ˵ȥͲ°˸̼ķô
һߣҲɫࡣ
Լܲվ˵ȫ׿ˡ
ϾһϵˣʱӶࡣһʱԼΪ̫ֻ⴩Խߵˡ



£Сһ

£Сһ
һߴ򶷵ʱ򣬽춹Ǳ˺СʱǾޱֻǺˡͷҲûء
ڽ㣬ɷôǵĵҩȶԻУ䷽ǳɷѽ
ЩͣбĶ춹˺üģЩһֶɱǿĶط
һ˲䣬ͻȻҪ˵ĳ嶯
ôһ룬ĵͲܿƵǾޱȥ
Ǿޱûͻͷڽ㣿
һƣ㿴һѼĵԼŵİһУһˣ˺öණپ͵һ첲ĵطǱһ
㣬ôңʲûжô
ʡ
춹ǴϢţЩΥ𣬼ȻˣǾǲˡ
ʵǾޱ֪Ϊʲôᷢġʱ䣬оء
㣬ѽֻǷЩԸЩǿأ̫ˣѽ
ұͲۿҪ׷ˣǾޱСԶİƷǹ֧ʱ۾һ
һѿõġңŵǹֻ֧ҪȥˣԼлᡣ
һ˵һȦӡ
ǾޱĲģҿԷŹǣֻҪԹԵĴӦѽҩǣʵĴϣһŹǵġ
գ춹ˡ
ʵûҪɱԼˡ
չһطԽˣɱ֣ҲĲ̵ġ
ǣҪֵʱǾޱһץǹٶ׼ľ͸һ
顭
ǰľʹý춹Цˡ
ȻŹ㣬ҲŹҵġ
춹ԹңȥҲֻԹԼ̫ݡŵ׷ɱңô´˺֡ȥɡ
ӵһǹ춹زǹ
ǹ죬ŵ˦Ķã㡭ȥǾޱ˵ҪҵĶóˣˡ
һһ˵ӦҪʱ˶Զˡ
죬
ǰҪץ졣ֻǣ̫ܵˡ
ȵ׷ʱͿĿ챻ţһ߳
Զһ㣬ǹۡ
ǾޱţҪ顣
嶯ҲҲ
ᣬʱǻṦͺˡϧϲʦǱк׿塣һĽСߺȥԸġԼҪ쵽һҵġ˭뵽춹ȴǰ档
һ£군ء
ƳһѪеĽ춹ĳȵס
ڽ㣡
ڿǰһȦ֮Ǿޱ֪黵ˡ
һǹ۾һٹȥǾޱǹҡ
ԸǸͷֻǹˡ
ʱ򣬺鵽û뵽ԼĹȨľôܱԼˡò˵ŮһŮˣҲ涨Եʱ
Ů˾һǹת˺ѹ죬򱻺һҩڵء
ùҵҩһһҹ
׼ǰˣŲȥģǹͲö׼
һʱ䣬Ҳֻܸɵۡ
վں棬ԶвΧſ׿ϲʦĴ򶷡
ʱ˶ĸӡ
ϵڣϣǸͷʤġϾվһߵˡ
Ǻºǹǰ˵ǹͻȻ뵽ǰӦǻбɱصĶ
һ룬Ͻתȥ飬Ҳ׼޹󣬳ǾޱԸ
Ǿޱ쵺бʣϽȥҰЩɱĶóȻֻˡǰƨȫʧķһġ
ڽ㣬֪ˣھȥҡ
Ǿޱ۾ð׹⣬תȥʱǵøϽܱȫĶó
ֻǣȵʱ㿴һǹԼզһǹǾޱһ
ͳЦˡ
СҴûռ㣬ǽ죬ȴһᡣ֪ڿ˲䣬Ҿҵ٣ΪҶ˷ܵļС
졣ɫͨ졣Ů̫ҪˡԼҲǸŮˣȴǵϷ
ǲǺܺ߰Ҳԣ۵ĸˮһôܲءǷ棬һʢĺܰɡҶһͨ죬ˮճͷĲ»䣬ߡˣˣֻʺڴϷˣһǹˡԣҵĻһһôڴ졭
˵ȥȴҧгݣ˰
ǾޱԼСˣİġ
㣬ôῪǹ
Ҳû뵽Լҵһǹܴˡ



£ʧ

£ʧ
˭̻áǹģ
Ǿޱϥڵϣ۾ɵĴġ
ʧ֮£ûڲԶһӰӴ߿ԼǾޱȴûһֱֻĶ񣬡Ҳò˵Ǳˣһϲ⽿޵ӡһˣ϶һϲŪɸƣͣļһǸˣǺø
죬졣
ֲϲҪٹȴĺܡ
ȻС֪ɱǲɱ顣Ȼķʱ򣬻ǻܣ޷ܡ
顭
ǹ˺ݺݴ䡣ûӦʱ˾һӲĻ
ģһ㻹ôӣ
˻Ƶģŵȫ䡣
Ľƣ
һֱûĽƣȻʱҡǰģ˵Ӧȥأټලһ˶ô
Юţȫ䡣
һΣҾ˵㣬ضŹ㣬죬ֵҵĻˡ
ǰһŻ̵СĽЦΪ
ԶǾޱ๾ţ㣬㡭
ںˣ˺󣬲ӦܹٸһڡԴӿסǸʹһıճˡ
ʱǾޱһжˡ
ԭںԼһ񻶵ʱ͸ģǸСӡ
ӵĿ񣬡ò˵ϲ˵۹⣬ҵ۹⣬Ƶĺܡĵһ죬ҾͿ㡣Ѱ˼ԺеǻҪġҵˣһֱųûռ㡣ҵǳһЦ
Ѳ
ֻҲ֪˵ʲôӡ
ĽǸİˡ
ʱɲΪĽƵ֣Լкô
Ҳѧѽ治ǰǸӴôҲϲֻڲĹУҲϧˡ֪ҪʲôǾǡһŮ֮Ȥ顣
ӡ
ʱʱ䣬ص㡣ȴҪַ顣
񱣳ֲ˵ˡ
ʵǣ˵뷨е˷
Ȼֻǣһһ׵ġ
˵ţĽƹһЦֵĵط
ǾޱԭʧˣɬȻһЦȻڵա
ңչ黹̫ѽô˵Ļءңô̵ʱڣҾȻˡѣռ
ǾޱǰµᣬԳĲʵġ
뵽ĳĿռش񣬾Ŀǰͻأֵĵط⣬ط
ǲǾúܾϲ⣿
Ǹħ
Ľơ
ٿ̧ͷ㿴һԼ
ӣֻǿռķΧʵ̫Сˡ
ȷҪõ𣿡
ӣ޴ӡͽ޹Ľк侲Դ
ҪôڸȵʰǸ˺󣬾֪һôˡ
ĽճڶŮϣʱ䣬ھҪ
ǿ侲ӣ˵Ŀɰ
ϸɵзزܷȴϸ֫ҲƫƫһŮˣĸӡ
¶һռԼǿЦݣĽһһ߳˿ռ䡣
ͻأ뿪ĵطķӦ
˽˵һط
ռ䣬˽˵ء
үĵطĵҪ˼һ˵³
ʶԼûɵĿܣȫ䡣
СţġҪֿˡ
ռ⣬жĽ޵ͻȻȫ䡣

鼱֮£תҵĵطȥ
ͰŵȥңԼȥĵطڿ顣
п𣿡
ûС
п𣿡
ûƼ
пҷ𣿡
û˰һȦԽʣĽ޵µԽ䡣
ǾߵѪеʬʱ֪鲻ˡ
ҽ㻹ǲô
ûС
취ɡ
С֪߰ΪʲôǾΪԽߵܱǻ취һ㡣
ڷ
ߣǻȥһǾޱ󡣡
˽ʱпģʱǾޱǰͻȻըҩˣûЩҲ˵Ǿޱпռһණ
ڣ鲻ʵʱ˵Լܡ֪ǣһΪܣͱС֪ˡ
ûУϵûˡ
Ǵ¼ҲйעǾޱϵĶȷĿռ䣬ӦϵӲŶԡ
ʲôǾޱϰһӣѵǸӻѽ𣿡С߽ʡͱ˵Щš
ϽŤͷңҲ֪
Ŷ
Сʹ߬ȭͷ
ǲ
ȻôҲ˵ء



£ܿ

£ܿ
ǾޱһǸˣпܵӣ붢Ǹˡ
һ˵꣬Ľ޵ºС߶ˮ˵һ̣֪ԼܣǱסˡΪĽ޵Ǻܴˣһ©̫ࡣ
ȻĽ޵½ɫ䣬ȴǴûеء
֪ǰܶ࣬һʧˣҺܼǳļҵȫ磬ûҵҲ޷ճȥҿ㣬֪䣬ҿôҪôңңš϶а취ġ
ʹ༫ˡһֻͻȻ֡
£һ
̧ͷԼˣպݺ˦ͷ֣˿һ㡣ҡܣ˵һΪǣҲڸǡ
˵꣬ȻһЦ
ռܣشһ͸¶ȥȫҵִôǣ籾ĸԼģǣһҲİġ
С߿ԼİŮʹӣһѱֻõģôҵΨһ
Ľ޵ǵͷҵǵһˣ׵һˡ
ĨᣬˣǱ۾
Ա۾
ûʲô䡣
ߴһˣ۾ɡ
Ľ޵ٿ۾ǰһƬռ䣬Ŵ졣
⣿
Сߵ򶨵ĺܣֻҲиҪ㡣ʵڵһŪطʱҾ֪һطˡ㲻Ը˵ҲʡϾÿ˶ԼܡһΪ㣬ұһ㣬Բסˡ
ϽҡͷҲԣҲӦġֻǡ
СֶסҪ˵Ļ
Һܸл͸¶ܣģǳĸл֤ҵļˣҲںˡȻһŮôܰԼ͵˵ǰ㣬Ϊ˲ҷգΪزȻ˵лл̫ˣһ˵л㡣
ģͻȻͷ룬ǰϵġ
һиоġ
һߣĽ޵´һܣŸŨĽš
֪˼ˣڱҪĽơ˺Σգӵһֿռ̣ʲôȫˡ
С߸Ͻӱ˴ϧ߳˱˴ࡣ
صĶĽ޵µͷǵģ鷳ĽƵ˿ռ䣬Σգģǲ̫ĽƣҲСõģǰһöӴһ˵ֶõˣܴӶԷȡƿȨ
бҪĽˡĽ޵ɫҪȳӣֻܰѶԷ֡
һ˳˿ռ䣬ٿĵգĽ޵µȴԽĳһε¼ĻҪĻšǣԽʱ򣬾ԽҪ侲
һΣҲҪ鴦ꡣ
˴ԺǷǻǡ
֪ڵϵĽôˣϽȥǵĵط
һ˸еϲʦͷ׿򶷵ĵطʱȴһĻ
ϲʦıڵأ棬׿ƱĴų
ҵǰҩңͷӣЩҵǰͬСϷһ㣬ôܻϵİ
ϲʦһֻ۾һֻҲˡʱѪģǶԷͳһСߡ
СһֱС࣬Ǹܻ׵Сڵĵطһ˵ͬࡣ϶˵һȦ󣬽ֻôأ
Сӣܿܣôôɡԣͷһɴġ
Ҫģҵ㻹кõ³㣬ҵһɱ˵ʱҲѡǸһһֱ۸ҡǶЦЦһǻšҵЦûˡ϶ʲô³أ
ϲʦɴ۾һߣĽŽ춹ʬ߳
ٶǿϵһУڶǵˡһˣһ˾ˡЩ˾ͽֵ㣬Ժ£Ҳҵġ
Сӣں˵Щǲ̫ˡҿû
׿̧ͷĽ޵µˡЦŨˡ
Сӣ˵һֱ㲻˳ۣ쵽뿴ô϶һ˰ɣ⵺ϵһУҲǷĶԲԣ
Ľ޵ϲʦǣһǷġΪ粻ҪȥšưԵ뷨ϾˣԵģ̫ࡣ
Сӣ̫ˣôŵˣ̫˼ˡ
˵꣬һߣͻȻĽ޵¼



£ֻռ

£ֻռ
Ľ޵¾ǲ֪һԼϮһȻһϲʦȥ
Сӣÿ
ϲʦļС
ͽôԽԽͿء
ۡ
ȻߵǰʱһСɵĶȥСӦžĶϳء
㡭
׿ͫ׽Сӣе˼Ķɾ͵סˡ
ղôĺ
ûˡ
˵䣬ϲʦǰ˵ôôĲʡأԱÿЩǲÿ
ϲʦٺٵЦΪСжұҪƴãͷһǴӦ㣬ŵġ
ţֻþһ㣬ʧˡ
ԶĽʧٺǵЦʢˡеɻͷ˵ʲôжж飿
ѵ˵
Զķ׿塣ȴǰˣһȴġȻ
ǣµʲô
׿岻Ҷ
û뵽Լմ㣬ջˡ
ǺǣСӣΪˮͷ ҿһֻ۾һֻ첲ãֵõģǲˣȴҪ
Ľɫ΢䣬ƺ鲻ˡ
ͷҶҩ׿ɫࡣȫôҲ᲻Ϻöطвҩκȴ֮ʱųӤһ
ۡ
ĽˣȴСһǰ
۾һ⣬Ľƹһԭʧ
ʱɲҶ档һȻȫļƻ
Ȼ׿ôеƵġ
ãһǲϧ¶ռҲҪ롣
񼱵ֱšղֻһͿ԰װԼĿռȥֻҪװԼĿռȥˣ˾׸ȻھͲһ㣬Сߣ̫ˡ
ɶӽȥˣ¿ɾ鷳ˡСߺ޵ֱš
Ľ޵ϲʦһ㡣һ˵ţһ߰ҩϡ
ϽȥϲʦĽ·
ʦʱֻȰţȻһҵģǲ׵ģһҵġ
ޣػ
ţҵһҪҵϲʦȥʱ򣬻ǲһ
ϲʦãϵһоȴԽȥ
æ룬ʲô취ܰǸŪ
ֻܵȡΪռǿԴŶģҲԷʳ֮ģĳ˵ȣ
Լӵпռ䣬滹Ųٸطռĳʳһ˭
ҶˣһСߣǾͶػšֶ϶׵ƶǳҲֻô
ĵͷ㵽Ŀ졣
Ľ޵ûбĵͷתȥ촦⵺ϵˡ
Ĵ󣬶ڲҵǻġ
ռ棬ĽָĽ޵ݣЦ񣬡ҵˣʧԺ󣬻Ű⵺ϵһжŪá治֪ôϹˡ
ЦȻĺܣԶĸ顣Һİ飬ڵ˽⣿
ƮƮĻȴ̼Ľ˲ۡ
Цǰɿڵˡ㲻ңûҪζܺããǸӡ룬ҲӦá
˵䣬һ
˫ۣճǰϵȵء
˶ӽ𣬾ͻˡǰжɵȻҲԸೢһζʱ仹һлء
ֻǣһ񣬺ߵǾѪ


Ůҧֲȴĵһ뷨
㣬㡭
ĺãĽƾȻ˵
һ°ʱҪҲԴԼġʱԺôҲˡ
ȻڣѪǰҪԼȥһĻǻ
˽߬ȭͷɿʹ࣬вʡתԶٲ
һķΣ֧Ųȥڵء
ǰ棬Ľ˼˺þãջתǰŮˡ
ŮˣһδεĴŭңҡ죬ҲٷŹˡ
һӣҲûԸΨһ뷨ҲóһζС
ҲҪԼζôԭνİռС
һ̣ңͣѪһεε¡ʵڵѪﻹյվеģҲһ󡣵ĽҲԸٷŹˡ
һߣһ·
죬ôҲˡ
ܵļЦˣȻ޾ްռУҲǿ˵ɰ



һʮ£Źֵľ

һʮ£Źֵľ
ǿקʱѪʪǰ·Ⱦ˾ӡ
زһһȣ쳣״ע⡣
ӣ
һöӣԴͨԽţֻдͨˣҲռطԴ
ǸӵĻڶߡǱǿռУôΪʲô뿪ءСţСߣҵǡһ죬һġ
ȻᣬʱҲ˲ñġ
óӣϵѪڵǾ档
ӼȡѪ󣬲ûǲϵתӰҲģ塣
ƺһͨ޾ͨǰɽˮɫɫˡ
ʲô
ĽĿɿڴľӣҪͼȻ𾪵һĻˡ
ڵĿռ䣬ϵ˲䣬ռȻ
ţ磬续һıˡ

ĽƲϷУҪֹֿռĴȻ澵ӻǷĹâϵı硣
Ǹоˮīˮ৵һʧǰ

ڻ˲䣬ĽƵҲ˺ѳķ顣
۾ҲһƬ׹š

Ǹģĺ
Ŭ۾ҪǰһС
Сš
磬Ĺš
Ľ޵ֵֻܾ
Զ̧ͷߵͷϵĸߺ֮Ĵʡ
ǾСߵ֣㣬ôˣ
ˣˣҪˡС߾ޱȡ
ӶǿаסӣͼĽ޵¡
Ҳ֪һ澵ǲ飬ʱҲĽ޵¿
򣬲Ҫ
С߿Ǵ۵ĹâţҲô۵ĺܣứġĽ޵»ŬĿ
ӣҪңһҪһ𡣡
ǡ
Ͻҡ

֪һȥпܲǣĽ޵¹˲ϣӵĵطмҡ
ûʲôҲǡͬģϽ
գ˵һ˾档Ľ޵µҲŷ
СߺԼ˻ڲϵǣôҲ첻ϣ󿴼ľһ澵Ӳϵķڸߣڸߡ
ôҵ찡Ǵͨ˴Խͨ·𣿡
һߣС߽§㲻Ҫͽҡ
Ҳ
ҲʱŷӦԼҲ뿪ˣô죿
Ǹʱգɷ˼һ뵽Щ뿪ģҲ嵭˲١
ˣɡ
û롣ֻǳԶڿնȥķ֡㣬ǷİɣСǻչ˵ļõġ
л
ĶϷĺܣʵġȻܸܵǵİ
СҲᣬ㣬ԺһСǿԼŮһ
߳ӵϲʦյˣʱǣͱ׹档
ϲڻ治ԭǴͨĴԽ֮ôû뵽˵ĹŹֻ֡ǣһȥĵطֻأ
Խһ֮ԡдԽ֮Ҳ֪ᱻ͵δȥ
ǣϴ廹ܿסô
ϲʦ˱ӴաԽĸˣ˵Խʹѵ
̫ˣǹŸ塣
СţҺ󡭡ܲˡ
ٽԵʱֻĺһ
νǿдԽɡס㳤зȨǵİš
ãҳзȨ
УǵСһҪס
ԣǵС
ʹ쳣һȴһΪָŲӡԴճ˵ͷ·ճһ
һֱڹΣֱ崫޾ʹ
գʹУ˻ԵС
ٽԵʱ򣬷·ڼнС
ˣˣֻˡ
ãôأ
ٻǰΨһһ⡣
ȵٶһǹɫ档
ǣ
İĳ˼΢
Ѳɣھӵƶ£ĴԽˣ
ˡ
һ˿Զ
̧ͷȥ㱻һ֬ڡ
ţһߺǱ뺷ǿа§š
ҵôﰡأ㣬㡣Ժɲѽ
ֵĸ˲§Լ壬ƺ
ͷԼҵС壬һιȥ
꣬Ľ޵ڴСǣкüѽڣ⵱ȴԽˡҪҪô֡УĽ޵أ
СŴԽȥ
ţһˡ



һʮһ£ôС

һʮһ£ôС
ҵıĸӴһβҪȥӱ ﶼ˵ˣǺˮû¾ͻǿ˵ѽôͲأǵȥ
⸾˲ϵĺõҲܲˡ
Ĵһ¸˵ĺ󱳣
Сͯ΢һȴϲĸֱĨᡣ
ҵСˣҵС岻ưͣҵС廹ңҵĺˣҵС塭
ĿϳϲͲûӡ
ֻùŹֵĺܡ
ΪʲôãԼһ֣˵ﶼǼõء⣬νȵĸɡʱɣԭǺһλ˵ϲġȻôıء
ҶˣҶ˵Եĺòã
滹вٵĶҵĺܡôҲһ²аȻһˣڱƲҪ˼ҵĹŮɻǵñŤŻȥ
һ˵ҪԶϽĨᡣ
úãȥԵģԹԵţȥȥ
ȵ⸾뿪ˣͿʼԭһС
ģǣйһǰ䣬һУȻֳܸһο
һ䣬Լʲô
ԭǽ
ֻ֮ǰ֡ΪǸֵĸˣǿм޸Լ׵
ȻڵʱǿС뺷ռӣŮðɣ˵һ㣬ʵϣΪԼǿò˵زеӣ
棬һŮˡ
ҲǸŮ˳µһ𡣲һһµһŮһԭļУνŮʵǸٵĴ
ֻԶһЩҽʵģǸŮ
Щʱ򱻸ϣ氾һһһŮȢְӭ˸ġŮ˽ֻɽһʵˡһͨҲɽ˸СӣΪҲֻ塣Ա˳ΪСš
е˼ĸء
û뵽һδԽȻᴩԽһͥ
Ȼ֪һгֲԼ£Ҳ̫⡣ǵĴš
ϾڻһҵСţԼķ
ھӣ
뵽ӣΪǾʧ˵ʱȴ֣ⷢزĵطȻһԲԲľӡ
ףôһ֣֪ĻΪһö̥ء
ϸҲֻ֪һ澵̥ǵס
ͼſһ澵кβһġ
һȴ֣ⷢԼһռ档
ǰĽƵĿռ䣬Ҳǿġ
ռ䲻ǺܴҲɼʳĿռ䡣
ռ䲻һˡ
ȻвһĴС
ˡˡ
öѭȥһңͷһ̶Ȫ
һȪǺֵġҲÿʡˣȳһ˵ɡһȪζǸĺܡڷ·𻹴ŹζֻһͨȪˮȴȳ˸¶ζ
̧ͷ´һſռ档˾ϲǣһܿһЩԼķԺӣҲܿҲ˵Ǵռ棬Ҳǰû˽
ķ֣ϲѡ
Ǹñֻǲ֪Ϊʲôͨڴ͵ʱһռı档
йڿռ䣬ԽһණʵҲ㲻ֻãض£пܻᴩԽ֮İɡ
ҲһЩʱϷ֮˦һЩնˡһ룬ҲͲپϡ
ϲǣһƬռ仹һط԰һֵÿֲ֮ġԣֻҲǿԵİɡôһ룬Ϳʼ滮һƬصĹЧ
أн
ѽǵС㣬˵ģô͸뵽ءǶҰѶ̧СƽʱԵǰģȫС
Цƽڴ齡
ǰΪΪԼ㣬ΪԼõء
Ȼô˸治ΪΪԼš
Ҫ֪ŮˣˮƽҲһˡ
һǵ¥ŮܹɽһˣһֱóŲʮ겻󣬸ɽ˸Ȣҡ
ɼһ׵ġһ㣬Һ󣬲ڵˣԼܿɽܱͨɣøķ



һʮ£

һʮ£
ǸȻ꣬Ҳѧһױ£⸮¶ĿĲѡ
ϣԿǲӦͣȴһĸŮѲСɣóȵȲõ
ԼǰЩ껹ǿסҡһ꣬ΪŮҲǻԵʣҲԽûеλˡ˵Լɵ׵ҪǮֻĸŮͱɽɨسˡ
һӳԵõĴĶģǣǻһ˵ıϢš
뵽۾ĵС
ȻһŮ͡Ǻúöһذɡ
һŨ֬ζǺǶţһ͸ŨĵҲ
ãɺЩˣˡΪһЩãֱڷǰ𾭣ùϰɡ˵ֻҪЩ𾭹ˣͿõһЩúתء
ǾޱһͰһдЩᣬ忴Żļҳ˹
ֱܿлѽǻ̵ŮǾޱ̵ôã㲻׵ģҲʤ׽ء
İ߬ȭͷ
Լ׾úİ
˼һٲֵĻ͵档Ǹɽǰţǰˣȫ˺˶ء
ɲôҾ˵Ǿޱöչǡ⺢ӻãȻżеСƢǿʤ˵ء˵ӹǲҲ̫˵㰡ȥԺôŶ˼˵ģҼҵȻǽԺ󻹵óӣǵˣ˭Ȣ
е񾭵ܿһҲĲζˡҹﻹСأôͳôԶˡ
Ǹ˾һ͸Ͻ˵ѽҾǰһкôе׼ãǰһӹǣȻԺĳǡ鷳һ׮
һ˵ܿҲˡ֣⻰ǲôϸ룬ƺҲеġԺǵøϽΪӹǲаȻԺ˭֪ôء
ֱ̾ôױﰡ
ֻҪڲúΪԼҹ壬ӹǶӲԺض͵ôȥʱҳǵҲ֪ˣǸܿĹǸԺ󲻺Ĳ
һ飬Կһλ
񲢲ʹ˴飬ԼǸ岻õĹԺǼ޲źáȻʱǵ֮ģǲ̫Ѱôһ룬ͼװɵ
㰡׹⣬ҲǸ߹ݵĵϵС㣬ǲǰԺ˼ءɣҲָűģֻϣԺгϢٴҾˡ
ƣ˼⵱˵Ҫжþжõء
⻰ﻰ˼˵ⲻһϷ롣
ôĸŮ˵ʲôҲõġ
Լɵ׵ĻеǰһﰡǸһȣôĲࡣ
̫Եʣôţ˾һ˳˯Сһľͺࡣ
ôһֱȥɲǰ취ʱĻ˼˵Ĳˡ
ôѰ˼ţͿʼű´飬ǽʳţǿǽĺܡ
䵽ǰǸƴСд۾ٵʲôĵҲԼ׵ӦǸ˶ȻôôһŴСһԵˮء
ԼӵһŻˮһǺܿĵġ
̫ˡ
ô·Ĺ򣬾Ȼ麹ֱðǰǷ衣
ü˵ôһ󸻹˼ŵĵϵС㣬ôҲģ
Ѳɣ˶
ǳԵĶԣ
оԵĲԾԺһ£ճһЩʳ֮ģһ㡣
߳䣬Ժ棬λε̫˼˵̫ɹ˲УȴΪԼһжϲ
ͣ ϢСȫǿĵЦݡ
ҵС㰡ôܳˣϽȥзģһˣǿɲӴ
һ߹һվţŵĸϽק첲
üõĵһ̧ۣСһȥ
ӱɵԭأղţС۶ˣңƣǰֻСһС㣬ȫһ



һʮ£ë

һʮ£ë
С㣿
죡ͷĺܡƺУ壬еҪֻզе㿹סЩʱ˵ƢԹʲôģҲûԵɵġ
ԾԲԡ
ǿȦӣ񲻵ò۵̫ͣˣˮʪһƬ
ɵվǶʲôϽ׼ӻ㶵ĿԼúȳ⡣
С㡣Ӿϲת뿪
˷ܡСǰһأǰС㣬͸СľżƵģ˰ڲšڵңӡͳǱ֣һҲƲģӻǺ⿴Сġ
С㻹̫ˡˣ̫Ǳ⸮һЩȴֿ֪ŵİ׼ˣҪ̺
ȥԼϴ裬Լ·
ǣС㣬ĳˡ
룬Ҳ;ˡϾСҲ࣬ӽˡ
͵ĹʵҪ˵£ҲǲġǰСֻԲ̫˵¶ѡŸı⵱Ȼõġ
ĨɾˣٿžԼǱˮ޹СʱţеСĳ
㣬һСﰡǰ治֪ôӣûܵҪģ㲻ܰ쵽ģҲ쵽ؾˡ
СȭͷΪԼµ͡
ϴͷʱܿʹҴææˡ
ѽҼұźɫ
ԺܲܲҪôص֬ŮеͷΡ
ϸǰԭʵɣ˸ߴһЩܿҲǲġ
룬ϸĻʲôĻǲӢüͣҲܺÿࡣƺ磬ֻǼЩӹ׵ģصͷϵЩλ֮ģž۾
⻹㣬֬ζһһ㣬һͻͿĸѪһġĴ磬⸮ƵԸ˯ء
ܿû뵽ԼĴױݱŮˣһʱֻڨڨġ
ϲԺһЩɡ
⻰οԭȷʵǺܵϲֻŮһ仰˾ͻΪ˶ı䡣
áȵ˻ˣ֣ⷢ󡭡ѾϰðɣȰСɣġһޣʱ򷴵³ˡ
ǺǣɵӣﲻãܶԱ˺ôԹԵİʲôġ
ܿ󱳣ĿˣСǷͿʼ˯
һǳŵʱ
ܿΪæµŵ̵飬԰ʱʱ򲻶ࡣ
ǰڷŵһѵĺóԵģһθ̾ԭܱ̺ǾİһĴ⣬ȵȣΪʲô֮ˣȴ׼һЩزˣ
񸧶еܿǸʲôˡͥĹǮ
Щ͸ˣȥ׼һҶ࣬ûкҶõ㼦࣬һز˷С
òˣѹ̫ܳĻȡ
ܿŮǰģҲĲô֮ġ
嵭ģҪⰡӻЩ㶡ȫǽյС󣬾͸Ͻͷǣȥ׼ȥ
תȥˣ߾ʣ¸ֻʮҵѾͷһһģԲԲģһЦһѶŵҲͦϲġ
һһЩĬԣ뵽ǰ¡Ҳ֪Ժô
Լ뿪ҵʱضˡ׼סһӣûٿˡ
ã㻹ڳԷء˼ʱǸɤ
ӭŹǾޱĹüȴ̬
ϸ۾ĸһЮżķ顣ССͣѧЩķɼλƽʱôķ糾ζˡ
ãôһֱأ
ǾޱƵĿǰôİãǼġǣ˵ģǵĵλôȶֻҪȵŮһжȫֺ֣üܺúõĹӡ
ֻίȫ
ίҲÿôίģʱĴСһЩ£ҲǸ顣
ãЩһ˳Բɣһ𣡡
бһۡû֨
Цãһˣء
չҲСǾޱЩ࣬ҲǼϲġ
۾ͿԳԺȣɲΪŮԼֻΪ˴̨ӳһ㶫ôó裬ܲųԵģ



һʮ£ƾʲôά

һʮ£ƾʲôά
ȻԺһͿʼǰĶˡ
ãһҲæ˰ɡ
˵ţ̧°͡ĻľٶͰԭǻˡȻڻ˾񣬿ƣֻǾúЦ̼Ϊʲô
ûзӦǾޱЩջƽʱֻҪԼһ̼ͻᷢģôˡ
۽Ӱˣһյǰȥ
ã԰ɣЩͺˡ
ûӣȴʱ΢΢һЦžϡ
ۡãأֻȰһʳôô
ϣ۸ˡ
˵ŭЦˡ
ԭǾޱԼͼľ鰡
ҲԣôܳгĸУƷ¡
Ҳֻܷĳԭëͽ氡
Էôõ˺ãôܻø˵Ĺذעᱻ϶ħ֡
ףҲǹģֻ岻ãһʱֻѡ
Ǹ˽Ǿޱ͸Ͻվһ񡰺ġά
ĺý㣬Ҳòƽкá
̧ģˮƽԵϷ룬Բˬɡ
Ǿޱһ죬Сְ߬ӣǱ飬ȴ޹ĺܡ
ã⻰ôֻȰһ㣬ӣû˵İ
ŶӣҿӶûȥӣ
ɽҪȳģһͱõصɨ
ǾޱЩˡôıֲһǲܴ̼侲
ղԼֻǰϷݣϸЩϸڡٿǰĿӣȷʵһҲġ
ã֪ƽʱԹʵ岻ãƢ˵㣬Ҳġ
ðɣˤӵ¶˵ˡȴ˵ԼƢԴ󣬶ŽԭĸףüëһõĿԼǺǣ ǡֳԼ˳˰ɡ
⻰˵ĺЦĺܣи˵һ仰ԳʳĪ˵ˤӣʵҶˣΪʲô˵ңϷأѲɣе㲻ˣ˵ˣҲӲˣŻһЩĪ
˵̧꣬ͷǸλŵӣ˵˵ôˣΪʲôԼһЩˤ֮أ
ɽɫ̫ÿ
һǾޱ֪ȥԼڸҪ±Ͻܹȥקס֣СãСý첻֪Ƿӽǵ˵ҡ㲻Ҫˡ
С㣬Ҫˡ
ɾʱӵĻ
ɽֹ̧࣬ǾޱҪ͵Ļ
ô£
ӸϽ͡
үĻС󣬿ӵķȫ⣬̫ȤԾСȥزࡣ
ˣȷʵǲЩˡɽһٿǾޱʱȫʧŮһֱֵǹĵãֺǹذ֮ġ
ڿĻҲ̫һ㡣Ȼ˵Ů˴һĺãΪˣǲϲССľͿʼı㣬䣬ƵĻԼá
ף㲻ŮŮղֻʧ֣ңңʱˣΪùģԲ𣬸ףԺҲˡ
ǾޱҲõŵµˡ



һʮ£ƾʲô

һʮ£ƾʲô
ף㲻ŮŮղֻʧ֣ңңʱˣΪùģԲ𣬸ףԺҲˡ
ǾޱҲõŵµˡ
ƲԣͺǸ㼫µת䣬õˣԵͷȷʵǸ֮ŰһĹʤˡϧԼһߴԽꡣ
㣬ҲΪѸףǹԺ쳤ؾò֪ôҪ֣Ҫ֤ԼӻõĺܡôҪԼ֪Ļء
񵭵һȴɽĴƽʱô࿴һ۵ĹŮ˵£ƺѵ˵һʱĲ˺ӡ
ôģдԺٹ۲졣ûٶ˵ɽ뿪
ǾޱƽʱԼɫĸ׺뿪һʱִٵĺܡͷ׼ĵ񣬡ãôң
ЦƵĳԼϡࡣŮ˺˼û¶ԼʧˣָԼĲǡ˵
ǾޱңһҪ˵ûĵ
ǾޱջչҲֻǼĺӣȥġʱֱ׵һָһʱ䵽Ҳͺ
ǣ֪ûĻ˼Ϊã㲻Ӧöά⵱𣿡
ҲøΪõҶ˵ʲôֻ³
Ǿޱ氡С檣ҺúõĵС㵱ţ⼸ǵϸŴչһкɫҵ㣿ˣ˴˲õġ
һǺĻȻ̫ʵˣԷ̫ˡ
Ǿޱɥ㣬ǵϵС㰡ΪϵӦõô㣬ô
ٿһСݣ뿪Ҫ黹кö࣬пйһ¶
ֻԸһˣ˼ҿɲһŹĸŮ
һһ磬ߵĴѾͷ춹ûһϴҲֻһǶһСѾͷԷ;ʧ˽
С㣬С㲻ˣ춹㱻ץˣأСô찡춹ץѽ
üɫ˵ɣô¶
춹ԷʮҵĺӣǾզĺܡǰԼ̺õؿǲ̫Զˡ
أС㡭
ٿޣͻȥ¾ȥ
ʵܲѾͷһ¶Ϳļƣ޿̵вһ£ԷٿˣֻþֵĴ۾ܵľһ
˿ȻֻҪʵһ㣬ҵȥһʱÿǡ
ԷŰľ˵˳
Сģ춹ȥˮ׼ΪСϴġǹȥʱҲ֪ôģͲСײ˲˯ͬȥˮӡһײӺ춹ϵһöõӡʱü˳ţϳһöǼصĶ춹ǶһͨѾͷӣǲܵġԡԡ
Ժ춹ͱŤ͵Ƕȥô
ǣǵС㡣
ڻҪһƽֻһӣȴŵС㣬ԷĪľЩš֪ΪʲôСȷ˲侲СĪĺ¡
ԣҵ˼ɡ
Է⣬ٳ棬С㣿ǲȥȺ춹ô
ȡȻĺܣĮԷֱ³
ҲͣͰ鿴ķ羰
ͷðɡ
ǣС㡣ԷʶôһģСϴûءôҵĳȥһ÷ˣҪԷͷġ
ǰͷá
׼һ껨ʱ򣬱㿴˾Ӵ˽
С밲ʺãҵˡ
ţôΪ£
ɨһ۲ԶʮСѾͷҡͷլ˰ͻһ˵Ϸ롣ǻԼˣȷʵöԷһһȫ뵽۵סҪ˵ɣһҲȷʵƿһ˵ж
ѽС㰡Ǹ춹ǸֽŲɾģϲôһöصӡҲ˵ѾͷﻹڶСߣū÷̶Сء
˵Ƿ̰
⸮ĵϵСء
ƫƫȴ˶С㡣棬һ硣绹ǸŮ⸮ĺ
뵽ԼǱ˺תֻһ̾ͳȥ



һʮ£ں

һʮ£ں
һֽŲɾǲǻòϵĻأ
Сһ㶡
С㣬ΪʲôҪ˵ءѾͷǾϸѡģɲ鰡˵ˣЩǼӣǲ۵¶
ӳѾͷƳһۣ˸Ͻǰӯӯ
С㣬С밲
ȴͻȻ䱩һˤӡݺӵϡ
ͳͳߣٸҶҵˣôʰǡ
С㣿û뵽һλ˵˾ͷһʱ䶼ˡ
ȥ޵ģٸҶҵˣݹҲˡԷȥѺ춹Ҫôݹûѹ
СﱩŭӣŵĻ˵תѾͷܡ
һԺӣС

ѵ÷ơ
ôˣôˣôСеģ͸ѾͷҲܰͻǶô¶ģ
ﰡСǷˣءúõ˶˵ûͷ㿴ūĶǣǱˤ˸
ӿİԴǰ˴ա
ǵһԵˣҲס˵ǶСҵģ
ǸĶС㣬ȻүǲôˡǺô˵ҲǸϵġҪģǸŮΨһıϧҲеĶӣʯͷˣôҲġ
ҴУϥǣﰡɵΪū⸮ȻΪūһֱūҲǾҵҵģ鶼ԸΪء˭룬챻СһԲϾôˣūŲˣء
ӿ޵ңЦĸĴȰ
ţȷʵίˡ¶ǵȥҷ˵һȥ

ȥܿʱȴһĳܿӣվæµϵĴǰ
ܿһŮ۾ᣬһĵԼίȴܵӣ۵ϽĶ
ӴҼĸζôѽĸܡ
˵˻Ѿͷѹصӣ˾ʱ͵ڵص𣿡
ܿסԴϡһѾͷ˹صӣһ˵׾ͷġ˲͵˵Цİɣ飬ô׾͵һЩĶҲ׾¶ѽ˭ô޴
Խҵĺ춹˵͵ĹصӣžѾͷΪʲôҪѾͷңҵѾͷڳô޴˵ͻ
۾Լܿ㶵Ӵ
ɫЩ
ⲻɺϰɣֻǾѾͷǳ飬Ӧ̰˸ϡ
ǣΪʲôǵûİѾͷõĺúõ˵ͻˡƽʱ춹ɴأ˶˵ͻˣԺǲǶľͻᱻ㻻ˣ
С峺۾ԼܿͻȻᡣ
Ů˵Ҳеѵ˵ҪԱԼߣ
һ㲻𣿡Сŵܿɴۡ⻰ô˵
찡Ů׾ʲôŮ£Լô
ųЦݡòϣܿȷʵǰġأæھ̣׬ǮǸÿȴŸСŵ˵̫ææˡΪһҴ˵λãôԼһߣֻΪ˶׬Ǯһıסķ˱ɱ
ҵˮûô򵥣Ůʱǵúģߵĺɻһֻ֡ٽţҾΪժ䵽ˡǺǡժô
ܿը
ɶ񡣡
Ҳ˵Щ飬ǣЩ鲻˵ԶҲ֪ࡣǼҪ룬϶Ҳ鲻ʲôǻСԵʱһǡҲɵӣ˭Ҫҵһġ
Ȼû˵ܿˡ⸮Ůģܿ
ܿһš
Ҿãﲻ˰Ҫ֪ǺܹġöʱԼҲûչչ˰
¶ǿҲġǰжʱ侭ò̫ãﶼѺóԵĸŮŮһֱίš
Ҳһ֮ܿͿʼǸԼ˵ŮˣЩĺøС
ں𣿡
Ů˼άһת̫ˣܿе㷴Ӧ
ôҸ鰡



һʮ£

һʮ£
ܿչǸֻһ˵ŮˣȻ̺Ĳ֮ϣȴɬĺܡŮţȻɬκ
ʵںһˣǲԸ⿴ͱŮһҲ뿴ͱ˽ġ
ҡܿЩš
㲢⣬ǾͲں˭ﲢǡ
⡣
ܿͻȻһ
֪ж⡣
˵ǸŮ˵ʱʹɵ
ҲҪֻ֡տڵɨһۣеŭ˵
ʵ֮ԻЩ仯ܶ࣬Ϊ뿴һ档
⼸ҲԸǸ˯һˣǲǶһŮ˵ڡٽԼôҲ
ô⣬Ҳ̫͡Ϲ̺ţűŮ
Ϊһ˵ŮˣסģڵĵλΪԼҲΪԼŮ
һУʵΪǲǣ
Ů۾¶ƶ
ܿ
ͻȻãԴѹƺһоıˡ
һˣض˵ŮٵĻŮǡ
Ůﻮ˿ʹܿٿʹ
ңҡ֪ôˡ
ȵʱ򣬾ͿǶǰĲ
ѽ㰡
һ꣬һӺص˹
˰أūˣ治ѽū⸮Ҳ˺üʮꡣԴ⸮֮󣬿Ǵ˺ը¶ɵΪֻΪСȥô͵öСӴ
ܿĵ
ղŮضǸٿһ
һūţȴӵ״Ǻǡ
ǰżһ棬ԼŮȷʵǲԵĵطҲΪǰŮǱӱȶţҲԼŮ͵ءڿ¡鶼ⰡһūӶԼܶŮ
ɫֻĻô
㰡Ҫ˵ɣҲ֪߷¶ǲĺܡǣչǵճС㰡ССľʹİ˵Ǻã
һֱĬȴʱ򵭵һ䡣
ʵϣһֱͲôÿкβģõ鷢ҾˣǱż֪ǰС޵ķŴˣǲ춼öأ
Сᵭһȴŵɫˡ
㣬⻰˵Ŀİ
ǰܿŮˡǣ˵ŮŮίôܾʹŮԣ϶Ҳվߵİ
⻰ôˣҵ֪Ϊʲôÿвõ飬Ϣ֪ңƺÿζ˲Ҫ⴫Ҫ⴫ƫƫһ˲⴫Ķ˼Ҿ֪أǺǣҶе㻳ɰЩ⴫ϢǱ˿ⶢˣרŶŵˣǺξأ
ĨĨ죬˭֪ҴҵģǵϵС㣬Զŵ˾ҪһЩɡ£ֳ˶ءԺ˻Ҫĵźء
ڹԼûܺúӡҲӵ˵һлĴ
ǰܿ治ôЩϸڡֻŮҲ統˵û뷨ˣܽոˡ
ڿ²ô򵥵ءչ飬Լ̫ˡʹţҲרһԾͳȫ뷨ȵȡڿһȫһЩ˵Ұˡ
һǣܿٿ͸żơ
ϴ븮ʱ򣬿Ǹ˵ˣֻҵֵġЩӹҿԽǵһЩˡ
ɫ΢䡣ʱܿ˺ǲŮˣ÷Сˡ
ˣūһֱŵءˣЩԸϰôĵģ˺үӦпġҲ֪ĸɱǧľȻڷǰ˻ôƻǽüУ治ˡ
ȥˣطһյ衣
ǾޱҲ˵ֱҺôǰ⸮ʱ⸮ΨһĹԴԺҾͱ׸֣䡣ĴۣһֱҸֱӣҿɲԸҪ



һʮ£ȥĺ

һʮ£ȥĺ
ܿһԼ˽Ů˵ķʱ۵ζ
ǰ˽Ů˵ķܡ
ıģЩŮ˲ܣ
ܻװνӡ
Ů˻һЩСŤһλ븮ʼһֱһΨհӡȻһȴǶߵĸڿ죬⸮ƺҲƿصĸˡ
ϸ˼֣ʱܿʶһص⣬ǾԼЩȷʵ̫档ЩϤģׯϵ⣬һλȥ˵ЩׯȻһֱͶ룬ҲӦɫˡǵΪֹûյر⸮棬桭ﰵģһλûֽš
뵽Щܿ΢䡣
⸮㣬ڿް
ܿ⻰ݺ߬ӡ̧ͷʱһίӡ㣬Һġű˵ĻҲԸӵôĸôôҵĴһСȻ˵ˣҾʱϢŰɣң͞ˡ
˵꣬һίеӣߡ
ǼȻû뵽ԼҪԩȴλһʱҲûͣ
⸮飬ôŵĹ
һһԺģ⸮ĸִСʵҲвٵġ
ķԺģĸӣĸѾͷҪôŪǱҪֵ¡һֱͻȻҪôһʱ仹Щë
ȴǵȻĺܡߵǰһֱæ⸮ôܣֻҪһЩ¶ͳܣҲǲԵġС
ͻȻ̧ͷ۾ӲӵĿŮãҳѧŮ죬֮⣬ʵҲѧƼҵġŮǲѧƼңҲЦô
ܿĴˡǰĹοҲеǡ
ôСסǰƤ㲻֪һ˿Ű㵱ӣʵΥȥʱһͬ飬ǲͬȥ죬èҲвٵġ
Ҳܱ㻤һӡһ仰㳹׶ܿġ
ȵ뿪ܿһֱڿʱĶ˺һӣ̾һҵԴһ֮ǳˣҲ죬ҪΪֵˡǰĴҲɡ
üЩįǸ˺ķһľͰ飬Ϊʧ̫࣬ҷҲࡣ
ҲԲôɡһ룬ܿţбҪȥһǸˡ
òİΪʲôءΪŮ룬һѽ
뵽ܿҧҧӻͳһǰɽдµĺ顣
һǰܾǸ欵Ů븮󣬱յһֽ顣ʵҲãûյ顣룬˵ҲǲԽܵġ
뵽ܿٵԺ鷿ȥ
˵ǰԼʱÿüţֻܿñĺܡЩͷεĶ̫ˣôȥ᳹׵ʧҵġ
棬ӡҷŹ··һߣӴԺΨһı
һֽ飬ܿǱ뿪
ͣͣڿʱƲסҪ뿿
֪ôģ뵽˵Ǹ˵Ļ
ġңȴıŵġֻ֪С
ǸŵЦڶߡ
ǰûиоôܻء
һˣҲɶ˼ԼһӺ׵ӣԼҲûθڡ
һ룬ܿԭһ˸ҲԳˣôİɣ
鷿
ɽǰϵһֽ飬΢ЩԾȥǸһʵİ˸ɱˣдһֽ顣
ʵҲûǵ
µǿɶġһ뵽ɽЩҧгݡһˣŮ˰ţ١
ֵĻš
ߣҲá
ԣôˣǲ̫ˡУǼҲýȴŰɡ
һ룬ɽĽСˡ
˵Ҫٵˡߵ˶ù٣ʱڸʵһЩҪģȥˡ
⻰ôеĪ



һʮ£

һʮ£
˺ʱҪȥġЩǶȵô
˷Ը飬Ҳһжհ졣
ҪᵽĴլȥܿӵ˴Ҳסˡ
ҲǰҪٵˣôʱ뿪ء
ͷԼһķ⣬ʵǰճ޵ʱҲûô׳ʵ
ǻһЦһѵĳҲͦϡֻǺ棬һһǱģ
뵽ܡǰһѵ·һȥϷ˵ҪЦˣȻĺܡ
ӽ󣬾һֱĸ״ʧ״̬񣬳ٿǰһ·ܲĵʧ䰡
ŮǼˡֻһ⣬ȷʵҪһ¡УҾһⳤҲЩŹ֡һ˵ôҲھ˿ĳˡǵòƺ˻ﻰ⣬Ҳ˵ԺͱԽԽֵô
ܿЩΣǵͷţԺ￪ʼʵҲԹﵱ̫ԣ˯˯˳ԵģǺǣܲˡ
һҩҼǵýзݣڷʳ˵᳤ĺˡ
ܿ۾ٿڣŵĿСŮһԼֵεӡ
һ׵ܿҴææ
ȵٻʱɫˡ
ϸʣҲ֪ǳȥҴֻԼ²һģһ
ʵ֮Ի²ҩҲ̫Ѳ²ġʵܿȫҾûһǷֵˡ
ǰҲǼˣң԰Ĵڡ
߳ȥеСԣǺôҲǸС˶£ԸһЩҲ̫СĴڰ
һˣżһ£Ҳܾͱ͡
ܽ͵ľ˽
ɶ񣬿ɶ񡭡
ݺܿһֱƿڴ
˰ǵȻܾˡ޵ĸ㣬Ҳܾʹ˷Ź
ֻ֪ߣһߵȥ˴ܣֿ
˿ܿԼȷʵҪ侲ҪʰСˣôҲͼ֮
үͷãҪʰȻ鷳һЩҲûа취ġߣЩһֱ˳ЦȴӹҵһжҵҪҵ֧֣Ҫôվ
ӿ֪ҪĶԸˡЦŰѲϡ
˰˵ô⸮ܵĲãҲҪϢһǷҳȫҲá
ȥ
չ黹СȥôһټĺԺۺ˵лɡ
ӵνĺܡ
ˣС㲻ôһͻæѧƼҡеѧһЩеһ㡣ǼǸʴϻ۵ģһЩѧˣǰǵŮҲһЩѧƼҾˡ
⻰ܿϲţҲãǸ˶˵ˣѧƼҡðż⸮ĸɫǰæһ㡣ɲٽ۸
һ뵽ԼһʧȴŮͱһƬ
ʼỳŮ˵ĵˮһµ١ϾԼ⸮ĵλеġȻɷǻһЩС֮ģλòɶҡ
ɽֿˣûҪǿԳš͵ôô
ˣ]취εģ
˻ᣬôһֱֵţҲء
ΣҪѵݴ˵һȥʱƤʻҲѿġõģǵ˶ҩ
Ǳһַݣŵ巢֡ͻĶء壬ҪҩšȻΪĺܡ
˶ԺҵԺˡ
뵽ܿԼúЦǰֻ˵ʲôĻȥĶ
ڿɣҲһ·ˡ
ﰡ˵Ժ᲻ѵһֵŮأ
žŮˣܿһ壬̫һ㡣
ĸףʵһ취ǿˮѧӾĸ졣
ܿͷƼԼĿŮкȥԴϡ
㻹ϲˮأ
أĸףҾѧӾܺãϾһˮҲԼŻȥ̵ֻֽǵŮʦ̫ҵġһðĸ׺ԺǸطȻײˣֵ˵ǵлˡ
СģСģ˵ȴһһۣɰܿĲСššСѾͷС֪֪ལűжϲ죬



ٶʮ£

ٶʮ£
ǲҼҲҪѧأ
ĵͷѧҶѧһżҲ׳£һʱҲԱǲǡ
¶Ȼ˵ںӾŲãֻҪѱ˽ˣҲǲеġ˵ˣԼĺԺ˭ȥš˵ģ⸮Ĳˣ޷ǾգСĺˮӢ۾ʲôƬΡ
ԼŮѧˣ컹áҪģһ죬Ǽȵģںˮ浱һ㣬Ǽõءһ룬ܿͳһߵӷԸȥһߵģӾĽϰǰҺѧ
ҪǺ߶һĸˣʵҲ̫ѵġҵ˵Ҫ⸮Ҳˡ
ȥ죬ڶ죬һӦ񣬾ͱȥ
ƺѵûһȺǰֱڼһӦȴǸżơ
Ȼɫѿ⻰Լ춷˵ģҪջȥҲˡԣһöҩҲֻԼǿȥŲžСѾͷ䳰
ܿҲ֪Ǹʲôӡ
ȻһСѾͷƼĵҲ⸮һӦ񣬼ӣݣūŵģʸж١
С㰡һƼѽɵúţܰæģǻæġ
ɢƳһۣΪ˵һū澡ǰʱ˾ƼңӸкβĵطΪū澵ѲɲӦøôæѲɣûԼ⸮ˣ
ССѾͷȻץסԼ©㲻̲һʱѿò˵һֻԼѡ
ˡ
ɨһߵĴѾͷߵϽɫ档
Ϊū澣С㣬Ҫͷ밲ʺõģǻǷȱҪһλ̵һ֮ġȻµʱ߳ȥˣ˼һЦǸĽ̵С
ܹ̼뷢ǣһֻºòײıŽ򸮣ʹ˾ȥˡһ룬ֻһѪڿǡ
߰ɣȥ濴ʱ
ȵ뿪ﴫһһ
ﴽ΢΢һЦɲĸףҪĹһ
ǶԼıŮˣôô
߳Ժ󣬺춹˷ֹС̫ˣô׵ľͰѹȥ
ǰЩ춹ȥݺݹŴһ٣ֵܿǶں汻˳
õĹֻǵЦѾͷƺԭǲġһСʵΪūΪһĴڡˣǻ뵽¡
ԷҲǿĲѡЩġ
С㰡յĺܣˡСôâ¶ǻĹעʱг֣
һᣬ춹Ҳˡ
ʵǼСͻС
ƣɲڷ˵ô
ĸ׻⸮ˣκεˣҼסˣʱĪһ˺ߺڰ֮ءЩ˽֮⣬ԵҲġ
ݣȷʵǸö
ȵĶҵĲˣͣݺݵŴ⣬Ѿͷԣһ֪ʲô
ˣѾͷŸϽǰ
⼸ȷʵеļˡֻҪסһ㣬үҪȥ̺ģץסү˻зô⸮һУү˵أڣҲһĿү
һλƱĴļô̺Ů˵ĳν棬һҪү¡
Ů˰ʵҪ̺ˣץס˺ģԵľһжץסˡ
һ㣬ҲǵͳЦˡ
˵ĶԣЩֻæڶȨԺһУȴүȻүǻᵽҷ⼸꣬Ҳúü꾫ˡٲʹһЩλãҲñŪء
ʶԼĲԣСʧˣʱ
ˣ˵΢үӷȥ
ܿź󣬲ûо̫⡣һ㷴ӦҲûУǰĻ֦
ţҵ˿Ϣˣ
ġ
ǸӾĽϰʦؾͿϢˡ
طˣҲʹȻȥʱһ˻ŵĵط˵һһ˵Ҫҵ˵˵Լ̵ˮ֮ģū븮һء



ٶʮһ£ŷү

ٶʮһ£ŷү
úã˵ǺʣҲԵһء
ŮԸǺԸȥġңûĸŮ˲ġ¶ɽִţҲԼһĻᡣ
ŮѣҲҲ˻ŵΪڵܿҲҪġ
ǰͶҪ̵ӾˣǸ᲻ʮḾˡһ˫۾ȴΪ
˵Ϊһ˳Сү߶ˣһЩǮͼܲҵԼСүȻȥҲֻѵġ
ôС˸Ūأ
ΪҵĺŪˣܿòϾҲŮˣǸˣʱҲԼҺŪˣⲻǿô
طˣҼүʵŷҵһλƤү
һᵽŷңܿҲ˽ˡ
Ŷ˵һλү
ŷүûɵĻ뵽Լɷŷ¡
ѵ˵һλүҲԼʧٵģһֱҵɷŷ£
Ҫ뿪Ҳˡ
͵ȻǶŸ˺ĸ׵ѯʣϣĸܶѸһ£Ҳ֪ŷǸô˼ҡ
ɲôݸ֪λүʵƤĺܡ˵ҲǸС͵ˣСʱͱһŹֵɿС̵˲ٵĶ˵ʴϻۣԸҲʵ˵㡣ǽ꣬Ǹ߰λģΪŪˣòѰҵĸˡ
ᵽĵ㣬Ϲùĵĺܡ
ǼȱǮԲŲòλŷүĽϰӡԭŻм԰ү̵ᡣʱʣµһؼң˭뵽λүҲʧٲˡ
Ǯ˼˼ӳ
ȥǰЩʱԺһЩȴؼҵ·Ҳûˡ
ôúõȥλĽϰˮԵء
ԭģҲˡҲǸùߵģȥŷļ˵ϰ֪Ĵţ⸮ÿΪүҵĸв¶ʮ֮ȻҲǼнġ˵ߵλϰεھһ̵ֱ߽ͣš
ˣȥɣҪЩʲô˵һ׼ˣҾһѧˮ
ǣˡ
Ϲùȥ󣬾ͱһСԺǺԺĵضһ棬ΪҪ÷СѧӾԾ԰ϹùҲڴ˴
ϹùãǰľүǸôӵ˶вһĵط
ǰһλѩɰС㣬Ϲùûϲĺܡ㲻Խ뵽ԼСŮ
ǰǼҾүƤȻùҲ˶ǷְƽʱүҲǺһˣֵжôĳֻһηǵҪȥѼһ˽ֵϣһүҷֿҪʱҲҲ
Ŷƽʱ̫Ļ·緶
ԼҪľү һʧˡ
С˵ЩŹֵΪҲûеġҼҾү˵ôǮһҪǮԺźϱǺǣôССı˵ҪǮǮȢϱģҲİա
ﴽһλŷүǸ˶
ССͱҪϱһǴǮҡɼҲǸһ˶
ǼүǸΣʶ˶СѰ˼ҪǮϱҲǸ˼˶
ɲôôСҲΪšҵʱҲ㽲ǼҹӵġϧС˶ĪҪ֮ĹܲźðȻūĺܡ
һҲĬˡ
ͷĹӶࡣ
Ļӵģʱ򿴼һСڽֵߣҲǿ°Ӷȥ
ǰˣתͰȥΪ˼ū֮ġ¶ҲкЩġ
ǼҹӣҲ㵹ùģùÿĪ롣
룬Сĸΰ˶ùòٶġ
СǸ˶ùҲȷʵϲĺܡ
ûϢҲֻƵȥҲǣСһԽʱն˭֪СŻᱻδأ
Ҫ֪ʱպ󣬲һıһСС˶ô
Ǹһү
ү
ԵģҲǸ˶ǰЩʱ򣬾˵һλүҵֺΪ
ôҷ
Ҳ˽һ
үɣһʱ䣬Լһֱֹֺͣ˵˵˳أ˵Ҫɶġ˵Ҳ֣үһ˵Ҫţ߶ĲҲͺˡԺ󣬾Ϳʼ˵Ҫ̣˵úõһټүôҪȥءǰүǳš
գۣĸүСɶģ治̫˽ġԺ󻹵ö˽һȻ˼˵ʲôͷԼһôС



ٶʮ£ֽǹŹֵ

ٶʮ£ֽǹŹֵ
κʱһլĸˣҪģǵ˽Ϣ
еɾ͵ˣͻ᲻ϧǮ಼һЩߣҲöһЩϢ֮ġ
ǰһ˼ʹϵ֮ϣһֱŪļáһڻеֻǵܸɵѾͷСһ뵽ǰһأȻ
Ǹ˶
ֻҪ΢һСͿ԰ļáһϢ£ǰСץŰצӶȺһվǸĽе˼һྐྵӣһ߾ĸֺġһµĵطȥֻҪ˶лһȦӣǳһЩСܱ˽߰˰ˡ
үɣ˵Ҳʹ˵ҪǰѸӪɣǰڵء
ŶǵүǸ̵ء
ǿɲôԣС˵ѽǵүŷүùˡСҵءǰ飬ùҲȨǸӽС㰮ùþ˵һءСǲˣùþ͸Ͻ졣
ףǸĵġ
ùˡƽʱû̫İãϲľеʱʲôġùµʱȥйһкʲôģͻ˵һء
򵥰ͰϹùֵü۶ЦһѶ
øãǸá
ŷүүʲôģûйѯʡ
ʱϡĩβһ棬ǰһֱȥǱ߶䡣ǽһģա
лвŮ֮ġö˴һѣϵôһµ°汾ѽǳˣǻôôÿأΪܵһʱʵĻҲû԰
ҲǣҲǣ˵˽ҪĹ£ǵҲûǳɷˡ
˺棬ôŮΧţҪ¡
ѽԭһ̣ӪһЩֻ֮ĶһֱҪһ굽ͷǰѿ֧ĨƽɡҲ֪ô£ⰡõĲˡϼΧҪ顣Ҳ˹أôңôһδ˵̵ôأ
ǽַĺܡһ긾һ߶¹ӿǶһ߶콲ˡ˵Ӱ֪ӪһϢҲͨİɡ֪ģǰǼ̿ŷ̵ĵ̶ôŷ̵Ĺӵĵˡ̼޵ŷôЩ꣬һֱǰȫǹòײ˸ү
ӴιǳûЩ꣬˵һֱǸèǻµ˶Ҳ֪ôתˡǴһһӵܣľӪ̵ˡ
Ĳĺܡŷˣ㲻˵ϱߵһŷɡǳͷһҰ
ԵģԵģһҰ
ͷһҵĹүܳӪ̣˵еĳŵûɸɣӪİɡ
ֻġ
ȻӪ˼ҴӵҲӪ⿴ŻôãĻЩƽġǮ͸ﵱӵܺú£ɶʳ
۾һб˵˵ɲôģ˼ǮôģǮҲǼǮԼûǮ˼ҿǮгϢҵǮӵܣֻ֪ͷү̫̫డԼ׷Լ뷨õ¶ҵȥ浽ɶ鰡ǰֻ˵һҪ飬ҾˣǸɶ飬ܹôǰ
˵ţץһצӶǰա
ﰡɶ鰡ҾҪô࣬۵һ¡
ǹӹݵǰĹӿһ㣬ŰȰ˵
ΪҵƿôҾǣǸӺѾͷʲôʱܽҿһߵıסⲻһľûаǸСҲǣ˵˽Ҫ飬ǸϽ
򻭱ģ
һ¸е˽ˣһ˵鶼ǻӶࡣ
ǿɲôǻһģ¿ǲĺţĻ꣬ҾѰ˼ҪϽһ汾
գ۾ҡͷ;ЩСѾͷƬǮյġû¶̸˵˴ɶ
С簡һģҲСͱû׵Ĺ°ɣ
Сһۣ̫ˣ飬ҽһִ顣Ȼɰֻ᲻ΪֹСֻõһ򵥵ҩģѨҲûͨǹ£ôͣǸطǾˡ



ٶʮ£ٶ

ٶʮ£ٶ
Ǻǡ
˴ˣֻһǮС㹫ǮյġȻôһ鱾һƬء
ȻǮ˵ǿİ
һ˵һ˵ǻڸ̾ʱһοˣҲա
˵ϲһˣҲȥǰС˵Űɣ
һϲҲֶѶһֵ治ˡզһľôС˵ء
ǺǣǰЩһдĹ˼ġһСѧˣİѸε˵θڶշĴڡϲһֱû̫׷ƽʱǰоһЩԵġǿǰԵģòɫѽιĽ˵һģ˵Ҳбµİɣôû˼ľءҲеģۿѧǰٺ٣ҿ϶Ҳٵĺòɫġ
ãһˣҪòˣٵʳӢءһ£ǸҲãի뷨ࡣôôĹŹ鼮ء
һһȺ̫̫Ҳˡ
ҼŮ˵꣬˵в˵ģҵȥ򡣵ôǳ˵ġ
˵飿
˸ˡҲ̫˰ɣôɶ鶼ء
ֹ˵ģһЩּģԼһЩʲô֮֯͡ѽĵ̰Ҫɶļ飬еļеġҲ֪ȥô˲ţдô
⻰ҲǸ˵ġ
ֻ֪ĵŷүڻôŹֵдأ
ŷүǸӵŷү
԰ǲ֪Ķŷү𣿡˷˸ۣȻһȺŮ
ֻ֪飬ϲľˡ
˵䣬꿪ҵˡǴĸʵҲֵġ
һˣԼҵ̽Ҳ˳ţҲȥɡȡһ¾˼ҵôӪ
ȥһӴι飬ȫһЩνĻǣʵҲС˵ġ
кö˵֮󣬵ͷЦǣ滹һЩүūŵģһԵĲˡȻһߣһ˸Ͻݡ
ôÿôȥ
˴յһõǰһĸǰɫĽ˹¡
ŹŻĮһ
أ͵أ˧Ȼܲ˸αŮӵıסûãŰͦסˡ
ӣȻ¡òͦɫġǿƵġߵһҲųЩ顣Ҫ浽кκÿ顣ߵǰ棬һνҪܶ
֣ôе˵Ĺأ
˺棬һԭֻһġһǳʮҳˡ᲻÷¡ʱܰʾλ㿴Ȿѳ˰ˣǵ̵飬һ˵ֻǰҳ
Σ˼۸һġ飬Ҫˡ
ȵһҳƿڴ
ˣˣû꣬кİΪʲôҺúް
ʱ׵ˣⷹԲԣԲʳǡ׷ܶǣҩĵҪôУǸǵļһ׻᲻Ůйϸ𡣺ڴڴһ°СƨӣǺôȵôӴˣһµøϽȥʡ
С磬һµɶʱ
Ŷ׷ܶûߵʮӲܳһɣϾ˼дĻдòӡǮ
ӡװ꣬ʱǹõġʮңʮ죬о갡
˵˶ˣǽɩһӪĸˣҲ˼ҵˡ治֪ȫǻ˭ϲӴ
԰һӪأҶȥ治֪˻εϲλˣˡ
ˣŷүǸ˵ʮ껹񣬶ɶģҵˣôãҵˣһţƵ˲а󣬲󰡡
ҾðɣӾŷүģǹ˲ţ˰

̵һЩɣ˶ĺܡʵ˵Ǹ̫ˡ
˵ŷҵүİɣôʻĹ£ôȤڶгḻ˵ĸֲȣоǻĳǰġ



ٶʮ£ƹ

ٶʮ£ƹ
Ĺ°Ҳ֪˶ٵӴҷðɣ϶˲ʮд顣
Եģ֮һˡ

Щ˸۵ʱ򣬹λµģ ذ̣һ˿ھơ
󰡣ԵЩԺӪǴǰıżСĽ׶Σڵ붷ѽǿӪȻ⡣Щμǻ۵ĺãǰһЩ۵鱾ĶȻҲ۵ļӴ
ƹľãԼǰûְ뿪ǶԵġ
Ȼڣ٣ܳŵѽ
һ߶С廹鼮
ϸ尡ҾǲˣүôЩ˲Ӵô鼮ң˵Ĺ¶ҲȤĽ
ϸͷһб尡ǿǵ鱾İɣʵ㿴˾Ϳôǲ˵ġ㲻ôܰȥء԰ɣǽǶԿġ
ٺ٣ϸ尡̫˽ҡңȷʵǺ֮¿ġҲ֪Ǳɵĸдģ̾Ϊֹҵڶ룬鵽Ǹʲô˲дĳ
ϸҲüǰһҲֻйӲҵĵġ鳩Ǻ¶ǻǾƷ̫ˣǹٶһЩдЩ͸ˣˣˣùȥ취ɡ
ȵŷүʱϸ廹ǰһ¡
ӣһȣһ˫һˡ
ȻǸ竵Ĵ磬վǶϸȴСĻ㱨̵һС
ӣǺãЩμǣɵ黹̫ˡܷдһ͵ģӵõġ
үŷֻǵɨһۣ飬ү취ġ
ǡ
а߸ӵ֣ү˵ҪȡҲ֪ûУ
̵֣һֱ˵Ҫȡ֣¶ء
ȡ
󡣡ŷ»ӺдһʱϸͷԾģү֣ôš֡
ϸͷ˵֣ôһЩմϱ߶ġңġһүˣ˭ȡȴҪȡһ̫̫ͨͨˡ
ˣԺǵȫøȡ
еĵ̡
ϸͷŻˡ

ǹҪء
ŷҵүͱµǣүһ뵽ǼõġҪ֪ŷĿǰ˵ֻȨû̫ĲƸ
ȻǸһңʵģȴҲֻǱϵķ
ŷôһֱڳϵϱ
ʲôģҲһֻ֪аУǴҵȴһҲû̻ġ
޵һһ㣬ôЩͲǰˡȻСǣôЩԽĿʼ¼޸һġ
үҪҵŷ˵ȷʵһ顣
үֻ¡үͬġ
סô
ŷһӣЩһҹԺ߱ȫزС
ǵһģֻҪض֪ǿġ
ģ
뵽ŷȻվڽֽǵһ磬⵱УҲֻһж塣
صԭߵߵܹ
¶ǻˣ˵ȥҵСȥˣˣ
һᵽŷСţŷһһӾҵġ˶ϰԵӳȥˣҿһҲһЩͷŻġ
⵽ҲǣСҲǸĺӣӼҲϰˡ
˵꣬˾ü飬һ㲻̫ãλֵһʧٰɣ⸮Щ˱ضȥǶ߸ͣԹԹǵģǸ˵¶
ҲǸƫĵġ
ҲǳѪˡ
ȻǳɩҲҵ˵ĸȻʵĻǺö飬ȴǿķɸЩֵǮģǮҲĸǿռȥ
ǸŷСŵʧ٣ÿһʧ٣⵱˾ͻͷ˹ǵָֻҪ뵽ЩҲͷʹѡ
Ǿǡ
ô򰡡˵ĳϱƼˣ治ô򵥵¶˶λãҪλְֻλҲͱƫĵø巿ȥˡ



ٶʮ£ܸ

ٶʮ£ܸ
˵ҲǺġ
⸮ɡ
ǳĹŴ⸮һСķҲ巿߷ģǻ˵׵˶ƫƫ˾ϲ巿߷ˡ
Ǵ󷿻ƼҵһЩзĺô
⼸͸˶ĵҲ浱٣һͼû͹Ķȥķֻǿ˸СٶģͱƲ⸮Ҳ̧ͷĴڡǴүǸģʹүҲơҵ¶Ҳ䲻뵽Щһ̾˿
ŷ²̫ϲĳƣʩ񣬡ӻطȥˡ
֣¶ӪʱءЩʱ㲻Ͻֻ֪ļ˵һ֡˰ɣѧҵȴ¡ôҲһѲ˰
һѲˣѹס⸮һСȻƢԣѹˡ
ѧҵҲòģзִ磬ֻ⾭ҵҲԸ¡ǸǺ״ﵱǱ˭ġҲΪǵĳ֮ơ
۾ˣ¶Բס㡣Щֻǿ⸮ĶʧһЩȥӪչð
ŷ°ⲻûãǸ浫һ飬еתˣ˼ҾͻһšȥЩôôģܲô
Ǻǣҵ¶ﰡ˺οЩʱ򲻶£ٵ鷳һӶˣǰܵĿ඼ֵõġ
ʱڴһУõ˽˵ĲҵԺ󺢶ǮҲӦĸеˡȥһݼҵⲻ˱˵ڸʱٲĹ͡Ǻ£һ󣬵ʱǵӪȫȥ׵¶ô
Ǻǣѽ뵽ǲġ˲Ϊ⺢ӲŽ̺һ㣬ԺܰӪȥҪ֪Ӫôŵİ
ֻǣߵĺȴǰԼĵĸļãңѧôĻ滭Լֻ汾֮֡ЩóûǮô
ȻЩŷҲ˵
ڵðȥĴϻۣ˵ЩƵֺ󣬱ضԼġ
Ҫãã˺ȥǵöѰ
Ψһģǰ̿ȫȥϾԽȥˣҪ
̣бӪ
ת뿪˺ŷ¾Ϳʼдμ֮
ֻЩдģ˭뵽еĹ£ȫһ˹˼ġ
񽲵ĸֹ£˼ãǰЩ黹й£Ҳض뵽ԣŷҪģǰ֪е飬֮ģΪ֪Ҳֻ
뵽ϵĶԽԽ졣Ѽд֮Ѿĵʱ
ü˵Сҹ󣬾ƣ۵˴ԴԽԺ춼ڰҹдЩĿģĻ֮֡
ڵǴﵽˣҲ̫˵㡣
ãϸͷ˵Ҽ˰æдСȻ⿿һˣдҲ۹Ǻ
ǲӵģֱӰѹдķѵľҲ١ģԷϹӵŻĻҲҸʵĻȥˡʱ򣬵ȻһӰǰĻˮƽóȻʱ֮ҪҳҲǸ鷳顣
˼ţŷ齡һߣС˿Ĺӣ̾һһܴ̼ȣٶǱ˸ˣҲ̫ƴءҲеƣԴת󣬲ѧͷԣǻ˸һ
ǰĪһֱ̺ŵģҲûɣǲԼҵүˡ
ү͵ȥѧԺˡ
š
ԺӦһ
ŷ±磬У飬ֻ˶ࡣϰҹˣǽҲȻӡ
µүİĪҲǰ
˵ѧԺ·ϲ˽
Ǹӵء
Ͻ֪ͨ½С㣬ˣʱԶһЩ
ĪЩۣһȺˣүڲν½С㡣Ҳȥôɶġǣ⻰˵ȥҲûŵġ
ѽǰ治ڹôүȥү鷳ɣ



ٶʮ£½С

ٶʮ£½С
ߣǵżڹȥүҪҶǼҹôضĲ
ԵģԵġ
ѧԺǷǵֻſڡѧԺֳ룬һŮѧһߣѧġƽʱʱŮ¿κ󣬻ǻ໥߶һ˵طʵǿʵġ
˶ãһүڹӺ½Сܴ̼ȣҪıߣڹӵ鷳ʲôġ
ǣһλүھڹʱ͸ûƼһֱ̧ͷͦصľ뿪ˡ
һֱվǶ羰ɴҲúġ
Ҫ֪Դס½ӢүԼǸ̶ӣͺ޲ʧһ
үȻڹˣְ
ʲôһ½С˵ˣϲҪϲģҲֻῡ׿Խڹӡ˵˻ȥ󣬺ݺݵȥˤȥˡȻһô֮á
ǰϢģһ´ţڿڿഫɼǣһλ澭Ӫء˵ҪҪȥ˵һҲǰ֪һ򻭱ľ鰡
һμǣ˶ĶˡһүıӰǴ˷ܡ
߰ɶ
һ˵Ϣ
ŮǣͬҲ˵ˣǸүȻ׷ŵģǸһֱھŵ鰮һ̵ˡ
ģȥ϶ǰ͸©ݰɡģΪӵߣ϶֪Щµġǰ͸©Ҳðȥȥ
ôģһȺŮΧҪȥŷҪĺĽ֡
һȺ˲ûнŷµķ䡣Ϊſվһˡ
ֻǴǾͶ˴һεѹ
㣬ÿҪŷ¡Сү

˿ҲֻǰֱأԿաӣ̼һȺѧӶߣҪ
ūţ֪Сү˭СүǵޣҲĸ򣬴򰡡
һȺӵǣڼȫ˽ѧġΪ̫ѹԼû취֮£Ųò͵ѧԺ
ʱһūŶǰģһСүܵסһһȺһӿϣ׼󺺸Ūϧһ֣һȺ˱㰡ˤڵء
찡ôֵģ
С𣿡
Ůǽʱ򣬾Ϳ˼ֻһһȺ˾͸½һģֱͨͨˤſˡ
⡭ƣһȺεεСŮﻹҽȥ˰һʱ䶼ԭأһ취
ȥ½㰡ӢĳãҲæ϶û˵ˣӢүˣǲ˭
ԵģԵģ½ĳˣûġ
һ飬һȺŮתȥ½Ӣ
ǸƯƽһùԹǰŷڵһŮˡ
Ժŷü
ǿһɣԭǲǺáֻν½ӢҲǸö
ĥīŷ¾ֱԼһҪǰ˼ҵڣôܡ
½ӢԭǲȥǸүġ
ǸǸ޴ļһ²ŵһŻǲϧеȫûи֮ĵǲ
ӣһ뵽½ӢʵǺܲġ
Ҫ˵ɣڸǸõġ
ݵλʲôҲԲЩ
ŷµݵλڸ׿ǿ
ֻǣжʱܳʵأ
̾һһȺѧǵȰ˵У󷽵½ӢǴӦ˴һҪίȫȥүǰѸų
һȺ˽յεεǰȥ
ǣǣһȺ˵ĵҲֻõһ
ǡǲǸˣ½Ӣǹҵ֣ضҽȥġ
½ӢԼġǣʧصǣǸһĴ󺺣Ȼ³һ䡣
ǹӾ˵ˣ½èڹ꣬жԶԶ
ʲôȻ½
½ӢʧصҪץһֱúƿĵˣȴҪң˵ǰˣü֪Լүֿˣֻ»ᱻѲѵġһ룬ŵȫ䡣
үӢһС̫Ƕˣҽȥңˡ
⻰үĶضжҲᱻڻġ
Ȼǣﻹûһ
һ½Ӣǳ׵ĻˣʵϲڼүͬʱģһλҸԺյү



ٶʮ£ǱĴ

ٶʮ£ǱĴ
Ϊ˸õĵүθڣЩ⹴ءҲү̫ԼԲŲ֪һֻʹļıүԼˣĺ¡
һ뵽Щ½Ӣŵ
үӢǲʲôᣡ
ǣﻹû˻شѧԺʵҲеһġֻķ伫٣˵ѧԺ棬ôʮĵѧԺǼõˡ
סȥģһⲻѧУɼģҲȨƵλ쵱ļĺӡүںߡ
ܣ˵ĳЦ˽֮½Ӣ֮࣬ҲӺ¡
ŷ²Լ֮Ǻôġ
ΪŮ뿪ǾվԺǰ
һүҪȥϿΣҪġ
ֻҪԼضġһ룬½ӢǰԼЩ̫ûҪˡ
ĵŮһվԼ䣬ֱǰнŲ̧ͷǸݶɫ꣬½ӢͻȻֲʶĸо
һֱүǼĴڡֻƽʱһʵӣԺ˺ԲӢò
ʱһɫ·ϣǳ֪ΪΣ㵭Ȼ꣬ȻĪΣԼȵĸжˣΪΪΪӣϵɽ»𺣡
Ӵ
⽿һ
еһС˰ĪѣүӢС㡣
ȻλүۿҲֻǲŴݵĲǰȥ
һ½Ӣ漱ˡ뿪ˣԼûѽ
үȵҡ
Ҳ˲ʹֻҪ˽סǣǵӰͷҲûأֻ̧֣

Ȼ
ңͷβҲûһۡ
ڿ˲䣬ͻŲһСһճһЩϲĻ⣬Ǹʺ򡣶ڣɹɢĮ׻߰ġ
߹ǲ˶˵˵ЩʲôȻ㲻ҵġ
ŷҡͷ
ԭ۹ôôŮҪ˵Ҳ΢һ㡣
ԵģһǸĻô
߹ӣȵңȵҰ
ԽԽԶˣ½ӢҪȥ졣̫ܵȹڱţͨˤڵء
ǰʹƹˤڵأͻŷ۵Բ¡
ǽ죬ǸͷҲصﳤȥˣȴʲôо
ء
Զ˰½Ӣʧ̬Ӵ˳ȥ
⻰ҲڹӵĶ
岻ЦЦת΢ȥСȥˡ
磬ء
§Ӣˣİ½ӢԼʸġ룬и˻վߣԼмӡ
ֻûǣĺʱϵЦжô䳰
йһ̵飬ܿʹ˴С
ǰǮΪڳϵһƬڱһ˵Ҳǡѡм̡
Ҳ˵һ̣Ǵֻ˵ĻÿҲ˵ĸ鼮Уе鼮ܽһ䣬һƺӪĶЩ绹ô˽顣أǺöҪõ顣
ʵʱ򣬵ǿȥġðӾѧһ²Сڸ棬Ҳĺܡ
뵽飬ЩǸ治ʡĵⲻͣ˼죬ͿʼʵĶԼĴ˺õףҪмܲסˡ
ʱĴܿǻַӷơ
ʵǲţָšŮ˸šŵŮҲԵָǵüලıҡ
ܿĵӲŨüֻҪ΢һü۾׵ĴһڿҲСˣҲֻǰ˳죬Ա˺ۼ˳ˣʵҲܹõġ
ŵ˲ģھΪԼòԱܡʵĵĲ㿴ңüۻ㡣ӲɣЩʱ㣬ǻҲ绨һֻԽʵһ㣬ԱöЦΪ˼ЦĶ࣬ԾͳԵҲࡣʵϣĺҾûĸĵôƯġ˼˵ˣʮʵһǱСˡһǱŵĴ˶
֮ţҵһǸ˶ֻҪදٰҵ˵һ˶ġ
Ů˵ﲻҲˡˣͰ˵ģͰ˵հ졣



ٶʮ£ල

ٶʮ£ල
ʵܿǰҲͼʡֲֻȥоǹܲס졣
ҪΪ쵽ʵĴҵͱҪල
˶һ˵ǰܵġΪ˶θ䶯Ҳ죬ʱθҲǸĺáҪЧãʱͱҪʵʳȻǻᱣֵıǰһЩЧһҲԡ
ղȥôõģ
ȣ⼸еɣͶ׵ľ˵㡣ֱܿתƣȴһеӡ
Ц
ʲôܿˡѾͷô£۾ôôصļð
ϵζԶԶľˡңΪղûţ
̰ܿһó񰡣ǾͳһòãͰв
һɨܿǸģСһɣһӾûˣ߹ţ󲻸ʵİɸ档ˣȥȥٳһôңһˡ
ȷ㻹֪ġԡ

˵㣬ܿ˷ܵС֣ﰡ㲻˵ˣôҪģ
ȳţЩ̫ˡʱһỻŷĸһЩʳЩӪḻ׳⡣
ôţܿҲⰡϾЩҲζĺܡ
һ뵽ζ㣬ôô
ɳɣһ˵ôʱ䶼ûôҳԣĲ˶ûء
ЦһԵĿ˵·ڵЧҲǺԵİʱǲȥҡʱ䣬ÿɾȥҡһҲʲôһЦ
ܿԽԽԵżܶѣͿʼ¶
Ȼвٵ⣬ˡ
ϸһ㺣֮ʳٳһ·֮ıȽһ£ŵġ
ϣܿľǰСϷˡ
ʱӴǿ಻ԡ˵ôûԹࡣ
Ψһһ磬ү̵Ķĳ赽û߶ˡ
ΪСʱСľͳԵ׳ʵ˲١
Ҫأһֱء
һƴСʱܿЩ񰡣͸ôһ㣬Ĺ
ޣǰһһص㣬ԵüҲġ񵽺ãôһ㡣
һۣ˵ķݣĿҹ﷢ôС첲СϸȵģбҪһֱȥ
ܿŹСȶƺͦݵġ˵Ҳ֣СѾͷСݵĺܣôҲûθڡΪԵΪֹССһ
⡭
ˣʳֹأһֻϺֻܳһֻһСƬţ⣬ҲԲһЩһݶٲ֪㣬Ǿֻܳزˡ
ٺ٣֪㣬֪ء
ǰزģܿһҲûС
һֻϺҲ⣬һƬţ⣬Ǹ⡣
㡭һһɣȻСﻹ˵ԼŰʱѼһ״⵱ĿɾӴ
ֹܿ󣬵һǻؼ̽ȥǰǰЩϣܰǰļһһ¡ȥҲܵŸĺóԵˡ
ԼӵĶࡣ
ŮĶٵĺܡ
һˣֻԼǸԼҸң磬ȻûһйΪһؼңҪܻӭж໶ӭԼļֵǣһȺֶǣǰ˱ŵġ
˼ҵСҲֻһóԵľ˲ˣԼҵĹǿǴӹ汻˳Żŵġ
뵽ܿ־һʵɶˡ
һֻϺﲻˣҪŬļʣʵѰȥˣҲͺࡣ
΢Ц˸Ĵָ
ܰġʵҪģθûôˡЩʱ֮ԻúܶҲΪǰθһֱŴ˵ġθݵСЩҲϰˡԺ󻹵ýʡ˶ˮˮ֮ģҲͣɼסˣ
ǣҼڼලţҲ͵
ΪǸɽҲΪԼ͹
׿Ů鰮֮ܿʱҲͻࡣ
ʵЩЩ飬һķˣҲ͸
һֱŲԳһˣûо˺öࣿ·Ҳûǰôۺˣ
һᣬܿٺֱ֡ǣˡ·ҲһЩ˶٣ǸϽ˵ɡ



ٶʮ£

ٶʮ£
еӣЦ˰ѳ̧˹ضĿ棬̧һϳơ
һʮϲˣô̵ʱڣȻˡ
֮ǰܿһʮʱһ·ȥƵġڵ·ЬһҲһʮݸֻҪһһʮǾһ˰
ġ
ǣҪôﰡ
ܿ˷ܣӺվھǰԼڵӡ
·һ£ǲ̫ѽ
Եģ˺öء
˵أ
ܿЩá
ʲô泳ֲݣ
طˣǣˡ
ڣ
ʶܿ뷸档
⸮ɣʵɽҲ̫õĸ顣ǼܲסߵС˲ϡЩʱھһֱ䣬ֱ
ԭ޼Щʱ˵˾˽⣬ںһţºɽദĻˡ
ȻҲ£ȻҲ˼ҵơ棬ദͦ˾ģҲиԺĿǰΪֹԺﶼĸ˶λǸǧҲǼ޵˶ģܿӿп
ˣӭȥˡ
⸮ҲǸƷ
ʱͳĲô
ǰүȥ˺󣬲Űǿλ˸ûһ꣬үȥˡĺܡ
ʵϸ˵ɽҲ׶ӡΪλΪֹûһԼġ
ܾΪ˶ڸԺǹĵĺܡ
ǶɽĿϵĶӣǹذĺܡ
ʵϣҲͱɽʮҡΪֹһλνĸҲʮͷôĸˣʱȴǶá
޺õЩôͣ
һȥ뿪ںҲ˼ţҪôתע
ôһֱڶһҲùˡ
ȥɡ
źɽôǺˡӦһҲû̫¶ôһѰ˼ܿҲپкܵġ
ĸŮ󣬱ŭĳһԺѾͷӵ۶
ڰܿһǰϽ밲ʺá߱ӲǱ۲۵һɲҵ⸮ĵĸ˼һԲϣʱˣٳҵѡһĪľͻ˸ݣӴ
ڣԼǵģؽ¶
һίȫ˦Ĩ۾⻰жĺܡ֪ģضλίԲòĸǿȨ֮£ǿԴӦһİɡ
翪ʼʱܿһλǸáҲΪԼֵ˲ٵ鷳
ǰ˺Ҳȷʵǻˣһµ󡣵ڿԵ˻֮ܵԼǰίޣôǰϹء
̬ſأСһĨۣһί˭ģ˵Լ¶ֳģʵʵίֻ֪ôίȻɡ
㣬ڶң֪ǰЩʱүܣŽˣңҡ
Ŀڣһֱ˵ӡǣ⻰˼ǸҲĳ˵Լ˳裬ԾͲĸĴˡ
һͷȣ˵ǹ˹˼ҵ棬Ҳôӡܿ棬Ȼǵҵˣǵһӻǿİɣ
ܿڣ⻰ɾˡ⸮棬ϵݵλ˵һģЩĸ˵
ǣɲҵأ˼ȴãǵˡȻôһĲҵ¶ﵱҾͦõģ˵ˣкβ׵ĵض˼Ҳǳе¶ 㲻ܰһЩΣƵϡ
ţڹĶҪƼҵȨҪȥ
һԶݵܿԳԾѾͷǰ˵ˣȡҵȨҪôӦڿ뵽һġ
ڰҲڵŵء
ʲôһŰСѾͷƼңܿܿǺͿ޻˵ĵز˰ɡ㣬ǻ˰



ʮ£

ʮ£
ڣҾͲˣѧƼβ׵⺢ͦϻ۵һˣһЩѧƼңԺ޳ȥҲڱ˺ȥ
˵֣ĳһ˵ĹǺãǰѧƼ˰ɡ
ϽЦܰССԺģûôѧƼҡ
ǺǡܿЦһ
ȴǲ뿴档
СҼҵģޣôСѧƼҵġһһֵǸСôøܣܿǺͿѽ
ڰҾƼҼðȻûʽ֣Ҳģء
Ȼ˵ƼңѧȵȡǵΪֹûԳ档Ը˵ĸоѾͷҲǱƼңʵģ»ܿڹš
ΪһŹĶһ鷳
ǼҵСֻҪһЩߣһЩʫ飬Ժ๫ӵҲͿˡԵ̫ҲеӴСĸ̼ҸһģԺ󻹲ò͹Ȱ
̼Ҹ˵ʵܿš
Դ濪Լҵ磬ȻѸһЩΣεСǸߣȻб͡
ڰ⡭
ܿҪ˵
ȴͷĺܣʲôҲ˵ˣܿ㻹̫£ʧĺܡ⸮һӦ񣬻ɡ
ܿҲ˳Ӧˡ
ǽûСֻüһʵָ˵ڵĻܿӦµġһһεƼﲻܵģŲʮĹ򣬾ҪܣǺǣҲ֪˼һ᲻˵СϷһء
ȷʵǸƼҵĺ֡ȻûԳЩ񣬵ǰŵԱһҲҡССͣһزˣҲûİɡ
ܿãǶ֪ôҲһԺ˸ɡˣˡ
ɷ˵ҪýȨܿȡȴ½
ڵķԸ°ա
⡭
Ů貶Ŀ۾ܿǲòͷӦʡ
̫ǳԳеġ
ѾͷһЩЩ˰ѧЩ֮ˡ
ȥʱһ
ܿЦòˣת֣ίˡ
ίءҵǾãõġֻҪĵͺáƼһ飬ǸһѵԺҲĸŮͺá
ߣƼҡô׵¶ҲܲĴҲöྡһЩźá
ʵİĺܡ
ϵķһЩɵĹŶšﰵģ⸮˶ɻΪƫƫȻִֻ֪֪ŵĿԼǴӵļơ
һôԼȢܿء
ʵϣɽΪֹÿԵ֮࣬Ҳһϲͨġܿһẓ̇ӪģҲ
ܵǮɣ⼸üѾͷ⸮߶Ϣܾ⸮¶

˵ܿǼˡϽżѯǺԵʡ
֪Ǹ⼸ʲô𣿡
ܿƽʱֻһ¶
⸮ͷ˵ģͷּˡ⼸Ȼ˼ңԺȴ⸽ŵġ
һԺסԶһЩҲֻǸһֵѡ
⼸˼ңкβ׵ģҲǣһģ㻹̫ˡ
ɫܿһߡ
Ҳ㡣ҵõϢٷġֻ¶Ҫ鷳ˣ˵
ܿϽͷаһλкιϵ
ǰһλˣϵʱҵǹϵã
һλˣɳȥ˽⵽Ϣ֪ΪҪģһ߷ʿһλˡ
һܿЩ㶡
Ͼͨ͸˶ʱһ˵ϵĿǰ֮ģһӾͱ
˼˵һλҪһЩ֣սĹˡ
ֻҪʵĹӣǲھץˡһ¶治󡣡
˵ָҪģ⼸ֻûһǸɾġ



ʮһ£鲻

ʮһ£鲻
˵ʵܿҲ֪ġ
һʵҲǲɾġ֪Ǹļ껹ǽΪʵġ⼸ôòҲˣĺܿĺҰ
ЩһЩŵ̫϶Ҳɾȥġ
˵ĶԣǲһȺ˸ˡЩǵĻǵǰ㡣ôţǳˣԺӻǵùġϲҡ
ţҲƣҲ̫ҪġôţҲڳҷʱóһЩ¶Ǿǰĺáʵܳš
ٺ١
ᵽ¶֪ܿˣŮԼ뵽һȥء
һȼ֮ǰ͸ˡ
һεǻˡҪ֪ܿһֱɽνǼüõġ񵽺ã˵ͺˡ
ɽҲԸ⡣
ܿõɨһۡ
Ѿͷ˵ɶأɽȻٲǸҲЩҲǿˣôİɣŹҲŹңʵҲͦõġ
Ͻȣ̫ȷˣһεġٺ٣֧Ŷ
ҺǶԵġɣɽ壬ܿҲʡ
ǰ֡ڿһҲˡ
ЩʱɽǼķ֣˼Ϊ˺óǮãŲòαΪ
ȻôȢһֱǲͬءΪˣܿҲͲѹ
иŮôɿ˵ıôҲÿˡ
ǮŮԺи˼ҡ
飬ܿĿҲ͸ȷˡ
񣬲ٲõҺڳʱҲ͸ˡǿٵġ
һλСİȴȥԡΪϹùñʾ治һСӦðõ顣
ǣָϲĺܡ
С׽ĸоء
С㣬ǰǴ˵ĸˣֵҲ٣Ҫȥǰȥ
֣ǴĸСүһĳ䡣
ǻһ˵ˣܿ졣Сʱ򣬾͵ȥ߿Ӽʶ
ȥǰųԵ㶹ɡ
ǰж볢ˡ
˸µʱ򣬱ǰпصĿ
ҵŮҵŮӴʮĺӣ˼ҾôץˣɱİҼɰһӰ
üĵ˰ɡҲ֪ʲôȻƵץС븮
۷׷ס
ĸǱҪˣҲǼ޲˺˼ҵġҪģǹҪһЩΪذ
ɲôҵˣĸǻƻŮͱǲҪ˺ãôù氾ɡҪЩǮԺһӻкõǲҪɣŮҲ̣ˣҲӴ
ùãһô£
֮ͯ飬ҲԸ
Ŀǰҵүһˣ֮ͯġʮСӣͿţƫƫҾרǹմĹ븮
һϹùþʹһϢ
ӴĹżˣԾ͸ĸһѰơɾͱҵ˿ˣǰ˴븮棬˵һЩӵһЩС¶ĸŮû죬Сʧˡĸ׵ˣûţվͻҵ˲˹ⲻ޹žڵİɡ
˵ʧ˵ģ
ţ¶ʧˣ˵ҲǱֵġ
Ǻüһ
ҴүһֱƫСС֮ġ
Ǹǿ˿۾ĶӣҲôһԡ
㰮ŮͯҰͯģôһƴʱʱģ˵˵ùһ˵⵹ùĶ˼ҵĺ
öڳº󣬶ǿһ⳥¡ںӣǱ˾ʹˡΪֹСˣСѾͷࡣЩˣҸƷ
һϢҲǴ˵ġ
ó¶
¹ԱˣҸȴ֪ⲻҪͰѱ˼ҵô
Ѱ˼ҪôһӣĪҪ¡ԺһЩȴԶһˣڸ˴һô¡һλкǸ˵ĳΪȴ޹ٲ
ʲôʲô
ҸӾǱͷҲ⡣ôһٲ˵ǲġ



ʮ£һޱ

ʮ£һޱ
ùãȥһ£λǲǹٲ
Ϲùõ󣬱ȥǰһĹ򣬱㽫Ϣ
ȷʵĹٲ⡭ҵ˱ٲǶˣԺǲǲ̫
ֵ̿ӣ֪ϹùЩʲô
֣ùȻùദãҲ˽ùõǸõġҺƢùҲ˽ġαĻͲ˵ˡҸ£ҺҲµġãҲǰڵķӵȥסˡ
һ˵Ϲùþ̤ʵˡһĸŮﾫɶƵģҲ󷽡
˶ðʹ;в١
ҪģСϡĺӡСӣԺضгϢ
һ㣬ϹùûǺܿĸŮġ
ùҲˡС㻹ǵЩĺá
Ҳһ˲䣬Ϲùе⣬ΪʲôǰһλСﲻԸٶƼҵȨˡң߲ߵģǵõһֵԺ档
ţ˽һƶѡ
ССѾͷôôĹء
ʱϹùǸСˡ
ùãһЩⶹζˡ
ϹùúǺЦţ֪СǳԲˣҲûֱӹͺȥˡ
ص󲻹죬һ򸮵˾ͱ궯ȫˡ
ǰŵˣֲ̿
̣̰үץˣҲץѽ
̣ˣӴүˣ˵ҪЭ飬ڵĹүѶүֱӾ͸ˡڸ漱һУһҪڳһ߰
̲ˣү˵ǿץɽկ˳կˡ
˵˵
⻰ȫˣֱܿӿ
ȴίţİֲǲ֪үǸĿġˣȲҲǼĶ˶ƫƫ˻ǸġǿŮҲ֪ôʹүһ˺͡ҹǣǰ͸үץӴ
ۼķ֣ܿүֺɫһֱôá
ǽǵӣе㲻˵үҲֻɽ磬ԼһòĴ壬ǵΪֹ˵һֱȢסԣȢһףһºûˡӴԺһλү͹˶ߵң
ɫ׵ӣܹһλ
ס֣ܿǲ岻
ܿܵǿĳ
ûƽСŮһ֣侲Щ
û¶ġֻڸ̫ˣһеܲôϢ
ţȥɣҲֻţҪҵ˵
һ˿ΣҲ֪ٲܿǴáԱ˸һ̧뿪
ȵһ뿪ܿ֡
ҵһЩˡ
ȻܿûһֻǴĿԶ
üٽһ
ŰһƺŷӦ
һץס֣屻ץɽկ˵᲻£
ᡣ
ܼᶨĻش𣬵ܿЩϲɫ
ô˵
ɫֱ³˵λġû뵽ôĹѪ޸ɽƺЩǣ塣
ˣǲǸһ𣬾ǿץȥأˣǱѺ졣ЩʱȻ뷨ġı£Ѳǵһ֪ģ
һ˵ܿҲεЦˡȷʵģ˰ɣûУǸġҲ֪Ӱ˭ǸˣȨеλҲ˶ƫƫһЩ˲顣
ֹܿüԼͥȷʵЩһĹµġǹܲˡ
һض⸮ĴСġǰЩʱ鷳˶ǣٲˡ
̧ܿͷ˾
ﲻµġҪɣ۾͸š˵䣬ɽĴ󲽶
ܿ
˴ɤǼġǣܿȴǵɨһۣү¡
ǰֻҪ΢ܿ˵߾ͻжܹȥ֣˵һЩοĵĻڣֻܿǶ
ɽЩáȻŮԸһֽ飬ǲʶţʹ˷ŹŮѿҲɽŮˡ
һŮˣԺһӣҲ͸ӡǡ
ȥл˵



ʮ£Ҫסǵ

ʮ£Ҫסǵ
ɽһվŵ񣬲úȳ뿪
ǰʱѾͷǾޱִмġ
ȻʱǾޱʧˣǶϲ
Įɨ죬ʩһ󣬱С˳ȥ
ȵȥɽͿһˣ˵ҪǮˣ¶ˡ
ǰܿضߵߵӦ¡
ǽ죬ֻǵǰĲյûнӻ
ɽһߵ§
һ§֣ⷢףһЩ
ܿһŤֱʹѳ
үҼǵ˵ģ§һֵ͡ʵοôίԼأչǶˣҲ֪֮ܿԻΪôҵϺùһ㡣ȵǵȥˣҲˡ
ɽ
룬һֽ飬ֻǺ㿪Ķѡֻ
ܿﻹġЩֵֹǸ㻹ǲġ룬Ӧø㱣λһֱŵġ
⻰á
һᣬܿЦˡ
̧ͷЦĳ
үΪұλͼΪΣѲɻҪ˵ô
ôΪұλãأɵһǮ
Ϊֹܿ˶ٵǮү㻹֪ô
ɽЩܻ
֪ΪҸǮӦõ𣿡
Ӧõģ
ôֱװĻô˵ĳѽ
ʱܿԶҲûˡ
ΪΪôһһϵˣ治ֵ
˼ܿ治ãΪͳǮӦõġôĿ棬ܿԸٵˡԴҸ֮ǳ׵군
ܿ
ɽû뵽һֱƿĵŮˣȻġһʱЩˡ
үЩôģ㲻ǲһȷʵҵĴЩһֱŲܿഺǮƶ͵Ĳˡ徲һ²ô
룬ܿҿȷ㣬뿪ɽģһӾˡҪȥޣԼӣ԰ɡ
˵⻰ɽ뿪
һվͭǰܿԳһЦ
ôңȴǿţ˼ô˵ɣôãʵɵأ
ˡ
Ȼû׵İ䣬Ҽ
γµϢôҲס
һҹ֮䣬ôһңͳ巿Լ˵ү֮⣬Ķзʡ
һķˣȫү뵽ȥ̸ġ˵̸ĽȥˣǾģĲ̫ýġ

ͳЦ̸
úõһүǡ
ȻɽϵӸˣֱɽαװˣ˸°ɽɽկ
һϢҲЦԷţЦ˵³ͬʱҲһһЦĵʡ
ȻģҪ巿ˡ
һȻû˱ץҲûбߡһҲǽЩ˵ǹȥһҡ
˼ҹүǷŹǣǾһһˮեȡأһԺ˰ɣûдĹë֮ģ࣬ҲһЩԺ֮ġ£ȻץҲ巿ˡɣүһҲء
С˵ϸ˵ȥܿҲˡ
̵ϣо̵һЩŵڹٵ֮ΪϣҲһЩŵġ
Ȼһ鸾ˣǴСĿȾһЩٳ̵ϵ飬ԼʶԶѰˡŮһ㣬ܿ͸̾˿
ţǰǵһģʵʱͼһ̡
ɵüסˣǵΪһ¼ɿȻԺһӶñһˡ
үһǺȻķų߹㡣
һӴˣ⻹ʲô׬Ǯ
ҪĲһЩһЩ֮ġ
巿ǿһڣԺٲ¡
ΪŮļױҵһءҪصģҵջ󡣡
ʱҪŵľɽˡȻǺ˵ģЩʱܿɽģԷǷΣҲܿġ
һ㣬ܿҲе㲻ȷ
²ҳ²죬̾ˡ
һ죬̿޿ڵ֣һ·ų嵽ܿԺ档
ĸŮҪ׼ˮȥӾʵģΪһȺ˵Ĵòǿֹһѵ
һȺ˳ǣھȻ׺һ
ҵģϽӳȥ



ʮ£ҪǮ̬

ʮ£ҪǮ̬
ֱ׳Ӵֱ°͡㣬ȻôôӦ
ܿҲЦˣһ
ɩ 
ǸϽǰһ
㣬Ҫ㣬ɩΪ¶УϽЩǮȥ㰡
ҲǼģҵģ㻹վɶȥȡӰ
ܿŲæֱڣǼûӡ
ɶ
һãǿĺܣ˵ֻҪһЩˣҲһЩðھһ˻ǰõġ㲻֣ĸְܳ
ҲϽǻǰǸϻеӣǰЩ֧ɩȥˡڴҪĵط࣬ɵóְȻҪԿġ
ܿһƼҿȴǴ֧һҲû˵ǲǾҵϴģֻҪһͿԼѵӣ治¸ǣ巿ûǮˣ巿ɶɶĵսӡ˵Ҳæ¶ɣǸﲻæˡҿɸ˵ˣ㲻ͰѼһµķø֧ʹȥˣĶʮĽ֮ģɵ뷨ӡ
㣬ôȰǿүĴ磬״簡
ŵģͼסܿһһߵһ⻹ˣϱǮˣһ︾ĸǮģ
һγķ̳£˵ǰȫµġ
ȴǸԼƲ۵ġԭǸ۸ԸЩȢ˸껹еǮ̸˭֪˵ùȢҵ֮󲻾ãҾͿˡ
ϱһû¶Ŵ磬ǸƢº͵ģϱǰЩ꣬ڱƲ˳۰˴򷢳ȥˡΪֹһƶӣ¶˼ˡǹ·ûǮʹ
Ϊںϴ϶⼸ˣ֪һˣܾǳˮӵС
Ż˻ҵİ ҪԼΪءǼ¶ЩݵȻ͵ȻԺôչһҲŲѽ
ܿΪȻǰҲ֪˵ǼԵġǼûǮҵϵ飬ֻǮȴ֪Ҫ̣ҪһЩִ¶
ҵģ⻰˵Ŀɲ̫ѽ֪ϵ㵽λˣͰ졣ôã뿴棬⼸˵¶ĸô
˵꣬ϾͿڣڰһǴǣȥɡȻҲ˼ңüǸܿۡ
˵ֱ𡣡ȥ棡УУһûɢǰѺǴȥġ
Щңҵڡ˶ûˣǸ̫ͨš߳ȥ˳Цء
һԼ飬
£ھɫĵܿ˵ҵģҰѻˣϴ󼸸㲻ҲðҲʲô취Ҫ㣬˸̳ȻҡҲݲ㡣
ܿЦˡ
ȻַóˣͿʼвˡǰǣݶȳţ֮ġ
ô߬ź飬кξ塣
ɩڣ뷨Ӱɣһһ仰첻ǼûǮҪȴǣұ˰ɣҰ͵ء
˵꣬ﳤȥ
ҵģˡ
˵ŹչҪ
ܿҲɵӣǰһٻ䶢żˡ
˵һЩĶʲô¶ͯҲкӵˣҲкӵˡʣЩǱСС;͸ˣǵĲʹ˵治ĻǾӦĿ࣬һЩѵȻٴļҵҲñȥ
˵꣬ٲһȺˡŤֱ뿪
ﰡ㿴һ˵ĻҾ֪ȥһ˾ǹʺ˰أﰡϴ󼸸ȫָӴ
Ϳϱţ˶ͷʹ
ǣĪԺȻ
ûжŮΡ
µʱһҡ
ҵʵ߬ġ
۾ת˺üת
ˣˣ飬취ġһ뷨ӵģˣͰᵽԺԺסҲܿӦҡ



ʮ£С̫

ʮ£С̫
ϴǼȫѽҲȫָˣأ
§ŴϱͿԺĺܡһĴ飬ĺģİһءﻹڣɲܿ
ȵͿ뿪˦˦һ
̫зӿءҵĻ˵Ĳ̫ϴ󼸸ҲȷʵҪЩѵչŮǵĵҲð˸ŪǺãǵһܲСҰӦˣҲˡ
ܿܣܿȥ塣һ룬Ͼ̧իȥ
£һ㶼Ƕ⼸ѣţһ޳ɵģӦҲȥիϾƾԵҲûضɻġ˵˵ȥȻȢ˸ϱ˼ӺôǰѼҵ˶ġһ룬ּζ
Ժү˵£˵ǮĹҰɡ
һߵţӦǡȴЩεѡڴү¶ˣԺԸô
ǰүһף˼Ҿ˵з˵󣬾ֱ˵ˡ
ڴүүһ޵ͯ¼˸ҰѹŮ޹Ѱ˼ţ̻ûء
ˣүôһͯ顣˴үۣѡʵǴүû¶
ֻһӣĸȫǹһֱӶ۵ĸαһ
һ֮ȻãһвǶӵĴǸ͸׵үĴϲһЩŹֵնö
ûֻŵŵӦ͡
ģƫ̹ƢԣﻹΪү˵°úõһӣΪүĸԣšƢúõһˣѽ
ɽȻիȴǰһѵĸʫ֮ġ
վڴǰЩȻĿķ羰
Ҫˣת뵽顣

̾һɽַȥ
һߣ࿡С˿ǰ
үҪһ¡
Сɬһ˫۾ǸˮһĹĻ꣬ɽĺᶯ˶Ļ˻֣á
СЩʧӰԼǸطȳһֱȻΪֹǶиоģȴǲġ֪ӶǷʵǺģҲֻǲ֪ô֡
ʹһЩԺӵĴôһ룬С˾͹ԹԵվһ߶
Ǿôܾ˿˶룬Щ˶Է
ɽС˵֡㰡˵Ǹ淢ôЩ¶үﻹɰ
Ż˻ͷЩĿ
⵽ǣ¶ȷʵǷˡǰЩ¶ Ƕ÷ڹô
ܿãһᣬɽ뵽ǰЩʱ򿴼Ǹ˵Įӡ
ˣŮ˶ն
˲һֱүĻ⣬û뵽ǸΨǴӵŮˣȻҲзʱүôӢģǸ˵ķ֣ȻôĲϧһʱɽǿҵİ֮ġ
ѱİԴ˵ȲĲţȰ˵š
үôţ㻹С㡣ؾˣ˶㣬СҲȥġ
ˣжɽ°͡ʪۣɬС촽źϺϣĪģ뵽Լ
죬ͻȻ䴳ԺֻµʱûƵסͳǷ˵ǸضҲǼζģһֱԣҲΪԼŶ
ǽ죬ٴαǰ˶òЩƲסԽľʹ

˵°ͣ촽ĸ
ۿ˵ϢҪһ
ԺͻȻ䴫ĽŲ
尡Ӵ
ﻮһ˿գ˵ĺ¶ǻᱻһЩ˸ɢ
ָֻģ
һͺͣ
尡ɵþȾ缸һˣǲ֣ǿɾӴ
ɽһԴˡ
ߣƽʱҲǶżš
Ϊмľָƽ֮˵һ㣬˾ǿзӡʵģȴûʵţƫƫҪϲһˡ
ɩӣ˵飬ҷ˱á



ʮ£ǽ

ʮ£ǽ
飬ƸܿģǾԲġ
ӴܿãһᰡϾͺĸˡҵֵӴǲ֪ȥãȴֱӸ˦ӣ˵ʲôȡأٲǸҲҵϴֳáôӴչһʻǮֻģ˺İ
ɽһӾͺˡǸ˶˵˵ģ
أʱҲֳʲôĶиȥǣǵþβô˵ûǮˣ˵һңǲѽ壬Ҫ¶Ұ׵Ҿ巿ǰȫǵ˿ɽôԼֵǵġ
ɩ㡭ɽܻȴֱһܰе·ģɩôҲֻǱƵεĵز˵Ļʵô˵ҲֵǼҺһ㡣չ簡ǲ֣Ժȫǵ˿ɲЦҵôеãƽʱΪҲԵһˣʱô˵ļƽӴ
˵ŰԹĨᣬһζɽȾĵߣ°ڡ
ɩ˵ˣȥ죬Ϊ׵ġ¹ʲô飬ҲҴ硣
ţҾֵ֪㲻ӱ˰أܣһ飬ɾȫָˡ
ίشΣһӾûɹµɽһǺ׳־
ֻ˶ίٵΡ¾ظ֤ɩͷİɣҶ׵ġǸڻҸвһġɩһȥϢһ˺ϢҶġ
úãû˰Ǹˡĺˣѹֵ˵Ŀ㡣
ȻϲܿԴĻϲŮ˶Լ鲻ѵĺûһɽָֻǸˡ
ɩˣ㶨ԵŮˣҲ̫ѵ顣ҾɣɩȥҲȥ˵
ǡ
ȵתˣɽȴΪˡ
ʵǣû˵ǸŮˡ
Щʱţһȫηǰ
ʱЩԼѺǩˡûеĻʱǻɷȨѹǸŮô
үкιǣ
㲻⼫ˡˣԾʹӺ§˵Ĳ˵ĺ󾱡
ͬ˵ɽһ˵ĺתĴЩԵĸšе鷳顣һֱһԲĸ̫ĹϸһǸźҳ嶯֮£дˡ
ס
ϲ
Ҳ˵ûҷˡ
ûҷˣֻһЩһĴڣ˵ͲвС
ǰһϾҷǵĺǺܿµģһЩԼһС檿ɲǵñ͹ըô
ˣлл㣬һжΪġһҲȷʵǸˡǰʱܿҲǼϲ˵ġԸΣŮ˵ģҲǲԵġ
һ㣬ɽҲǾ᲻ѡһ뵽ԼҪȥֺǸŮˣôҲþĻ֪ĵ񰡡
ˣһʱһʱȻү˵ȷʵʧ˺ͣ׵֮ġҲȷʵģ˵ģ߳ȥ˼ֻ֪Ҳġǳ¶ˣү㲻ܹˣָֻ룬¶ҲǱҪܵѽ
ǰ˵Ķ԰ҾҲСԹܻǱҪܵġϧǰҲ̫飬ȻĻȥǸˡ
οһ󣬲ҳһЩɽһЩĺ˵նȥ
˼ҺֱӱԺܿԺȥ
ү˵Ҫ㡣
ǰ˵εεŮˣɽȴûθڡһ˼ϣĻῴľ˰һףϤĲϤˡ
үҪȥȥ
˵ίֱᣬӼѯʡ
ڳĳˣүѾþò¶ҵˡ
ӳһ滰ﵽΪֹ˱Ȼġ
ֻүȷʵǺþòˡ
ﰡү飬˼Ů˵ϰĪٵˣҺţʱȻͺˡ
ⰲοҲͰ
е棬ɽܿ󣬵׻ô
£ҲܱôȰ˵ǰĸԺȥ
ȥ͵һǽǡ



ʮ£ҲӦ

ʮ£ҲӦ
ˣˣأүˣֱԺġ
ӵõϢ󣬸Ͻǰ뻹ϴԡܿ
Ŷͻɣſˡ
ĵܿɽ󣬷ӦƽĺܡǰĶͻΪһ̲ˮ
˵ҲǱĺܡ
ɽô꣬ҲһκȾˣʱײײģС˵Ǹˣ˺Ϳ顣º󣬾ĵĹŮ
Ժ󣬾ҲŮ¶
ĸˣҲҲ˰ɡ
뵽ܿǵĳ֮Ũˡһӣǻıʲô簡
Īģ뵽ŵĮ
Ҳ֪ôˡ飬֪Լô
ΪԷ̫ɣģҲǾ߽һ㣬ԶԶĿžͺá
뵽ܿ߬ȭͷ
˶ΪԼɽġǵʵģģһ˫۾кǸһģһĺ촽ˡ
Ůʱһ£Լһ
ֻļ޵ȴҲֻΪغѡ
뵽ܿ׵ķ
꣬Ϊʲô˵ʱ򣬻ɽءֻҪ뵽һ£͸ԼһǸ˶Ƕ¡
ͷˮͰ棬ܿʹĺܡ
Ӧġ
Ǹ˱Ůץˡ
Ϊȫ˵ЦԺǻ֮ô
һ뵽ܿĸʹˡ
ܿܿٲҽˡ
ðɽͷĺг
һ𣬲ŰܿѹأĨĨˮΣ·Լˣ⡣
ɢҵķ˿ʪģҲԾʪ߳ȥˡߵ˲䣬ɽļӶſӭĸˡ
ˣǰǸһҪӸˣ
ΪʲôŨü۵ģԳĵһɲһķ֣
ɽ𾪡
˽ǰҲһЩ֮ͬȥ棬Ҳʶʲôķ羰
ǻǣǸŶɫ
Ϊһ˶ҡ
ڿżܿ
ŮīüҶӲüһȻŨȴÿ
һСҲཱུģžҪ
һŴƵŮеķ顣ǲѱüۣȻֻ㱿˵Ĵ
㡭
Ҳʱɽ֣ⷢŮˣҲеôְ
ôǰͻΪֵĲء
ϲˣʱȷʵ˲ء
һᣬܿȴǿ﷢ô飬ĻǰһûûεĳԺ˯Ϊ취һЩӳǳԲ£Ҳ˯ðֻǣһݵĿˡ
ϹùİԺЦһյݵǰȷʵˡЩ㶼˯ģūǿҲǼﰡ
һ߶ɽŷӦԭͻȻѽ
ɲôү㲻֪Ǽ¶ˣӪҲ˸鰡
ɽɴۣ̫šܰɣһŵģһֱǲģҲáö˼飬㶼˸㶨Ϊ˾ûа첻顣
ܲûбˣָܿүҽһүΪס⸮ġʵô¶ү˭İɣ
һᣬɽˡǰһԽԽŮ˵٣˰ӡܿҿɸ㣬¼顣Ҫ׵ľͰңÿܣ˵һֽ飬ҴԸ˵˯ʱµӡӡΪźͿԷ֦ͷˣ¶ûô򵥡
ܿüһ˵ôˬô
ôҲʹСư¸ˡ
ԭүİǺǡ
ɽҲ֪̫޳˵㣬ǣʱҲ˲ϱˡ
ֻҪ˴Ľôνһɶ̵
үڵˮƽҲԽľءʱŸ˻ء
ٳЩеûģֻҪҲɿڣ㻹ҸܿҲôܸɣ⸮һ죬Ҹһ졣ҪģҲҸӦ顣ǮѴ缸ء
ܿЦˡʵĳª
һû㣬͸ֶӵӳˡ



ʮ£Ҫ

ʮ£Ҫ
ٸһĵҲð죬첻Ҫ쵽Ȼʱ͵űȫǵЦɡ
ܿٸ˶˵ˣԼǰһЩõ뷨áʵʵǣһ٣˵ª˲ֱӡ
ǺǣȻˣҾ͸ȥˡǰ˵ɡҵҲˣͽֵǴΪֹ⸮滹еһ㶫ܿҲòĶǺǣүͺĺһȥܶף̴үǳɡ
ҪߣɽİѲյֱˤ
ߵſڵֻܿͷеĲһ䡣ŶǸүˣһЩյӿǺܹġȥʵԻһЩǮõηȥһĿ֮ģܴүٳһЩͷ
Ӷ˵ɽȴǻ֡
ʵܿ˵Ҳ԰ǰЩȥͻܻǮء
ܿһĨĳһκڣô֮󣬰˵ǸءϧʱⲻٻͷֻҲزˡƫƫЩһֱ̫ϲɽʵǣҲϲȨĺô˼ϲһһ˶ڿɻã
뵽ܿĽŲЩ
˵ùùҡ
ţȰ棬ȥҴһʱ䡣⸮¶ﴦͺáҲȫǴˡ߰ɣ߰ɣҲĸˡ
һᣬҲЦĸĿġ
˵ԭһЩõĻ䣬϶ǻˡ
ȥԭɾһʵʵС
˾ȫһɫĶӡ
Ҳ޵Ĺĸ˸ΪԼҶǳ赽ϵ£ժͺ޲ðҲժߡ
Һá
ܿ㲻ܻȥҪһȥңҡ
ʱɽ˽
ȥʰһ¶ܿҲʰˣֱӾͽϹùõˡ
ùãСȥԼҡ
˲ǡ
浱µĵضôҳ飬ҲƵš
һ˳ƺעͲƽ
ûֳ
ˣ㰡ɲ߰ʱˣ⸮ô죿дСһˣȫָ
ܿЦƳһۣ㲻ܵĺôǰļӽã˵˾͸б£⸮Ҫô棬ҪôչʱɲõչʱˣҰĲˣǾ涼ﲻϡԸɷۣϽؼȥţǵۣѿš
˵ᲽߡУȻҪչԼ֮ġȻڴϣкլ֮ģҲûĵضˡǮһЩӪܿ޴Ů˲С
㣬㲻ߣȫָȰ
ҪץС
СҲԤŵġ
һٵһС۾һɣԽˡ
ڨڨģôɵ۵Ŀ뿪
үڡԽԽˡ
ɽ߿ࡣһɽȴ뵽һűŮ˻Ҫ
ôһ˺ǣ涼µȥˡԽԺϵǸˣԽҪȥٿǰһŮˣô򶼾óªޱȡܿȣʵŮ˵٣ǰ֬۵ÿˡҲ֪ǰôͱһ˹ƻˣȻһ˺üŮһ뵽ɽ͸˲Ӭһܡ
һƷšߡ
ֱ³ǰһ˿룬һЩݣܰɽڿƺ˵ûĵλˡ
һֱҲ˵ĳ谮ˡڣΨһĳ谮Ҳûˡ
ײײߡ
嵽Ժ˵ǾޱŵĸϽôˡ
Ǿޱô죬Ҫˡ
ʵպԺƣǾޱǲֱΪġ
ϾֻһݡΪЩ̫ˣֺͶŮһֱһġԶŮôеġ
ǾޱǾޱҪңô죿ңô죿
ǾޱҲû뵽Լ쵽˵زһʱҲǻҲѡܵģǶиģô˵ҪͲҪأ
ǣ￴ĺܣھǲҪˡ
Խ˵ԽţǾޱ󣬱תȥԼĴ硣
滰Ǻܷĵġôܿûʱ򣬾ʹءңҲʮˡʮ꣬ԿһЩ



ʮ£￪

ʮ£￪
Ǿޱ߶߶ĻһЦ
ڻʲôģﲻܳˣӦøķݶҲ١Ҹ⸮СүС㣬ܿǲɣ
һᣬǾޱһ¾ͰȷбҪ
¹ôţ˾̶ܳԲһЩ
ֻҪԼ⸮ʱڵС㣬绹⸮үӦøǵĶٲˡ
磬е
˷½ȫ⡣
ǰŮűӣĮǰʱһ֪ԼˡǣⲢҪͷص뷨
ǰ̫ˣҲԼıݡôȥ¶ġ
˵ĻǾޱ̫⡣磬ô˵ء
һͷԶ
Ǿޱ˵û㡣ҲЩ⸮õķˡģǰ˺󣬶ֻܹң˵һ㣬ҲֻһūһĴڡһֱߵ̫ľﰡĽлʱ˼һѧ񲻾ɾͻˡ
Ǿޱһκˣſǰꡣ磬ˡ
ǰôҲάġ
˵Ĳǣȥݺݵǰһ١أԴһθƺһжˡ
Ҫô仯ˣҪţǵʱҪôվȻ͵⸮氾ɡ
⻰˵ЩǾޱЩΪȻ磬⻰ҲôҲǴ˼ңһҲû¶ûǰ⣬ǵҲ̫ܵӰġ
˵дʵģ޲òʶŮˡ
պݺݴ˴ĶǵĵضǾޱǾޱһıڳ¶һ˲մȾĻáմȾˣԺضķӲѸϵ
һ£Ǿޱ˲ԣ磬⻰ô˵ǳ¶ˣǲܲ˵ô
ܹܹˡ̫ˡ
ôôء
˵ǸһģһھǲܹˣԴǸСһԼȥˡ
ü¶ϲɫͺãһд˵ġܰӪºöطȥҲûеġƾʱƲϵǸ
һ£ǾޱĸͿˡ
Ǹ磬һǲװǳ£ķǲܣԺǱȫǵ˵ݵôǱȫǵļҵҲᱻָűԺҵĻ䣬Ҳкˡ
治õĽ͡
ǲͰɣ˿϶벻׵ġ
ǰǣ޲ɼʱ绹Ÿ˵ģ˼ҹүҪˡүǰѲ쵽˸ǰ˲˭ٴչȥǺǣʱǰһҲˮϡȥɣԺһеôˣһôţǸԻ§ӣԺҸõطȢʵƯСϱ֮ġ
磬˵𣿡
չǹںԺŮӣһЩǾޱ̫ԼҴһ˵ʶƺԼĲһˡ
ǲһģ㰡ǿͬһĸ׵ķϣ治ϡġ飬еӵĶŻǵøϽ֮ĲغáǼˣ˵ǽôĶŵĸϽԶǡ㻹ϸȥˣޣʱ˺˰ŪǾǳ㣬ĴڡҲϹ˲ŻȥЩ顣
ôףǾޱίתί󣬺ȴһΡ
գգҾȻȫȻЩұݵԵ̫ãԶΣʶˡ
ҲûµˣƾɫɽһŴƾ
ҵģȻ͵ͷԲС
պضгϢֻҪһʱɽǲչңҲÿŶŮǵġҺοءɽȥɣҲұ顣
һ˼ҲǰһֻܿʱѼΣȹŮкõǰ;ȻҪ
Ъٹܴ󷿼顣
ִܿȥԼҡһʱ䣬ļͼĥɽ



ʮ£С

ʮ£С
ͲóֺԺլ򽻵ﾭĥмҲһأǼȥ߲ڴϣͲһҪӡ£ϼȻ֪ˣԸ¶ȴҲĪκΡ
תҲʩʩȻľȥһغ󣬾ʹ˹ŹԼӡ
ڴүڼʺøռҲһЩһģֻҪһҲ
һϲԸٻǮҲòתİ˴λɽҲܲסĥ˵ĹղòիһǮϡ
ڶԷֵУûһлͰˣòΪˣɽҲΪȫ˵һЦϾǮֺã˵ûûΣ¶Ҳĳ
ɽշţССʫ̺ţһλع鸮ҲͳԼ統Сһθɣ
ܿĸŮһ쾭󣬴ֻ˴޳ǵİߡ
Լ˵õϢ˵޵ĹҪظˣһģԼҵڣмĸֶĶڴ봦
һŲſ˶
ǱëŵС˶ʱֶ໼г
ǱˣСӴѽֳĺÿˣôССһŶž͸СŮһ
⼸ǰ̫ˣҲѹ֣ĶӣûһѾͷġ
ܿԼˣҲǻϲѡԹżֶģкϹùðԼ׼ĺɰͳ
һСޣһɰȥٰһһСүֵĺٺֱЦһģлǸлģҲЦ
ĸ
ŰǸɫĸˣӯӯ
ϿǰѩŶһСƴСһ˫ˮѰ۾ϲã˵䣬ɨһź촽ľ͸һϺǺЦһѽ
ҵİζӴĸεǰˡʱҲôһһգ۰ôӴ
ĸϵ̴ζܵ˵ļС֣˼ҵĺ󱳡
ĸҲġ˵ˣĸõ˶
ǺǣѾͷӴϡĺš
СôţϻϲĺܡСֲԸ֡⼸ĸ۰ͰʹţչϡĿ佱һ䡣ǸֹһۣһӣҪôһʲôġ
ԸľĸԼɫҲֳܷ⼸˵ƢǸʲôġϾ͵Ҳ̫ɫһ㡣
ЦЦƳһĽӣǴ͵ġֵһǶĸ͵ġ
ͷϣһöͦƯ䣬͵ġ
ľһȺ࣬Ҳ֮˲š͵һֻ֮ġ˼ģҪˡ
͵һնƺӲƺӵģưֺǰͣܽС硣Ȼ·ȴǴģ˵ʮ
Ǹʮһ磬ʱԼüŪۡСľͱǽСĸŶ䡣ӰòСãﲻƤ
Цɣҵģ˵ٻˣźǵҪǽϵһѵˣôôǲء
ͷԼǰֶƨٺݺһ
СӣϽѱǣؼȥһԷȥˣҾ͸˼նȥ
ǳջ󰡡
ңǹȻĹƻӰСøչջؼҡô̵ĺô
ԻоҲʱչֳֻ⼸λ˼ĳԵĶʹ˸
׵壬һܹΧǰһԪǸһöСǸһͭ
ããԺȥԷһЩˡ
üһ԰Լİıǰơӣ᲻ãǣһ˱㣬һжõĺܵļƣǰжůǺЦô㣬һ͵ñ⼸Ժ
ٿԼұһߵʱĸԹš
˵⺢ӣҪҲǰջһǰǱ߶һﻹ֪ء
ãԼΪ˲λҲˡҲ֣¶ǸԺô
߶ţһСͷܡΪ̫ܵ˫һѵĶǺСľ͹ڱϵ




ʮһ£Ե

ʮһ£Ե
ΪͻȻ˭Ҳûע⵽˵ĶṴˡ
С첲һѪӡ
һȺ˿Ⱦ½һѽСΧס
򡭡
һ£СͬľҪˡ
λСĵġ
С˱ŵһѶϽֹˣҲġô˶࣬˵Ҳ˲ߡǻؼҰɣЩСˡ
ߣãұòƽϣȻСӴ
Сӹһ٣ǧл
һ飬ѹû̫ġλСȴǱŶҴææܵһ̻ᡣĹʱһ߷Ŷһ߰ѽ˵һ顣
ŶȥһһС㡣Ȼ˼ҲƽϣǾ͵
СĴˣԼҵıС㡣
Լң
˵Լңһ⸽һ̻ľԼңκ˼Ҳ̫⡣û£ⲻ˶εҡҵˣҲζܴԼҡ
Īһ˵˸ˡȥһԼЩС㹫֮ģСˣƽʱϲЩʲôкΰ֮ġҪͶá
Լһû佱ˣĪҲ˷ֱܵͷ
лӲ֮Сľȥȥˡ
úôĪײ
ĪһСнСˡ
ƽʱЩСŷҲ̫ڼƽϵġο˵һ˶࣬ĪּŴӴϴǶԼĶԳСĦҲпԸġ
ŰֻҪǮˣͱġ
طŷ´㿪Լҵһվ
ʱ䲻ֻܾ࣬ͽһĹ£б˼ʹϵ֮ġЩҪŵصĴ̼ĲСΪŷµһѡĶʵԼңκ˼ԼҿһС̵ӪŲòҵҡ
ҵǸţһ̫ӣСүмʱ䣬ǲԸ⣬һÿһء
һ뵽⣬һʼͷֳɸ汾
̣죬Ҳʡĵķʽ
黹μ֮ģ׫д˶֪ϤĹ¡
ֻҪĶˣҵĻ͸ࡣ
һ뵽Щŷ¶ֻ֪ǣԼ˶ʱ͸һ⿪Ԫǡ
Ժסĵطˣģ͸סСǲȥƵطǸضǿžͷ
İһܴׯ԰һƬõȫǻвٵǧ֮ĵطǺܿĵġϲĵطϲԺԺ䡣
лл裬Һסһʱˡ˵Ҳ뿴ǸˣҲٱҵ˾ݡ
Ŷѽã̻˾ǵöסô߶еģǮǡ
ȻǮҲЩǿĳһԼҲľʾϲ⼸ô
һۣƲ죬ƺ̫ģ˺һϵҲûСסԼһûôܵġ
ٺúܿҲŽĸŮԼҵһʱ͵ԺˡôһԺӣ֮ǰңǴ˲ֹ
ôԺ䣬治סĿ
ĵضô෿Ӻ˷Ѱ
ܿԼҵɵ˽ĺܣʵˮŮİĦǱж೩ˡ
¾̫ˡʱףдĺôС˰ɣת
ת
ʾ⻰Ų̫סôĵؽɶ˰Ǻ棬һܿʵĴ㡣
ǾסĳһòãҵҲҪˣڰɣ
ܿһ£һơãġһ˻סˡҵһЩӪǿһЩµӪ漸ͻĺá
ȻһӣӦеĽʲôģǺעġ
һ뷨ǻԼˣҲΪܳͰЩ谮ڵûˡҪϧ֮Ҫϧľǲ֮Ҫֿżһ軹Уһһֱȡһһֱ裬һҲͻᱻڵûˡӪɣʲôȥ濴òã
濴ðҼҲҪӪҪʲôӪ
Ұٺ٣ʲôӪȫµ֪أ˵˵
ʲôİǵȻװļĻĲ׷Ǵϸȫµ˶ԣҲõġȻʵҩԼҾҩģɲһгͻˡôȻһĶˡΰŵҪйӲĹϵС



ʮ£ʧľ

ʮ£ʧľ
Ҫ֮ܿ˳
һҲòԼ治ǾҰĽŮҲ˵ܸɡ
룬һȥ߿
ɣǽһЩ˯һȥ֣裬ҲǸȥֵ˶
ףȥΪ̻ôΪȥҳԵİɡ
һᣬܿҲٺٵЦѾͷƲ˵Ʋа
ͷԴԼıС˲ء
Ȼżǻ뼸СһҲЩƿزˡ
ҲסԼһҹϴ裬ϴϴţȴֽⷢ챻˵˵ĵطе㲻һˡ
о֣֣ⷢԼһһĶ
ףⶫôôһ澵أ
һԲĶӺը
һ澵Ϥˡ
Լŷ֮Իԭ磬ʵΪһ澵ӵԵʡ
룬ҲΪһ澵ӵԵʡǰΪӾʹʧˡ
ⶫȻϡ
֣ôǶҵأ ǽѪҺʣǻ֪ôһնء
һ涫־µġ
ʵⶫ̫ܡֻһŴһصŮˣִԽôһƵطʱ׽ŪԼ
ǣ־ⶫܰԼԭĵطһʱЩԥ֪Ҫôźá˺þã̽ԵǸطһһΡ
۾ʱ˾һĵطС
ǰ֪ܲǸʲôطڣھ˵ϵҲϣʵпռ֮硣ܹܣҲ档һЯϣԴ滰Ҳֲֶ
֮ӵпռߵʿоһҵĳһ
ǰڵϵʱǺĽġ
ڣȻҲӵһԲģ̫Ŀռ硣ռ䶼ǳֵԲΡǰķ̬ġ
ʱռıԵشһĶ
ǰߣ˱ԵĵطһֺܿµϢǲ˼ǰߡǱԵشָоֻҪ߹ȥˣֻ¾ˤķǣôҲ֪
ûǰ˼ȫǰһƬԲԲĿռڡ
һƬռһƬĲݵأԵǸطЩʪ
оӦһˮԴĵطøŪѳͷʱҲռֲһЩĲݳĵͦïʢģоֲӦǲġ
ţһߣҿŶôһʯͷҲֻǴѷŶˡһߣȻֲռҪֲþֲһЩϡһҩһࡣ
Ҳ֪ռôģǰֻǿУԿռܻĲ̫˽⡣
һȳһֲҩֲֲһЩҩˡ
ʵĹ֮ģУռľ벢˷Щ̡ҩ֮ЯĶһ״ɶġһ룬Ϳʼֻ̫ڽۣͼ򵥵ĳһݣǱЩݴ̶˺üӡ
õɡְβݣҲĲء
ûͣһ춹ڽС㣬С㣬飿
ʶԼȥ󣬾Ȼ͵˺þáѹѾͷǶˣٲȥҪĸء
Ȼ·źóȥʱܿҲһõģ˿
Ѿͷôôã
Ӿʪʪͷ
˿ռ磬ҲáܿôֻſſĿϡɵܿĶڻˡֻ˵˼Ҳͱ첻ˣŮͷ⣬Ҫ衣
ﰡһ˻ɲܷǵļʼƻȻ֪ġ
ԭҪݳһٵܿһͿͽſһва
Уû
ٷȥôء

ܿתŮˡ
˵һصʳҲȡˡ
ðɣһǱɡ
ҹϷԸһŮϲԵġ
ȻҲԵһЩǵ󣬺춹Ѿͷͱȥʹˡ
񻹺ãǿԲһɵķˡôóԵģһͼпڸĲˣܿ˵νһĥ
ʱʱİͶϣܹ㿪ԵԼһԡǣ
һ߶§һӺȴּⷢҹǰʳ̿ˮȴֻЮһЩ̫Եزڳԡ



ʮ£˵ĸ

ʮ£˵ĸ
ܿôⰡһִƤѼӣҼǵǰɰˡ
ܿϲҪӡ
ȴһԡ
Сȵһ࣬ڻȻһ
һص⣬ǽ˾ȡ
һصⰡȡ˾޿ء
ȻԣܿǹϾܾĸ׵Ȱˡ
Щʱ˰ɡ
ŶӲǾֻա
ջزˣתͰˡ
СͳԱĶԳˣԵ°ĸĶǶСװˡ
ҲǼĶ̫Сһ㣬ǾͳԱСһ顣
ѽðһ嵭ĲԳһ£ɺóˡ˵һֺܲһġһļǳԵӣҲǱһ㣬·䲻ƤӴôһͷҲӴ

һͷҲǮ˼Ҳĳңݻ˵һ㣬ҲԼǮ˵ļҲĳ
ǵʱܿǼһ˵ġ죬ô죿
Ŀ񣬺ֻǿһһ˼ҲûСһˣֻܿſˮðľͷɾЮһӵزˡ
ɩ治ܳ⣬⡭ǳ԰ɡ
Ƶĺݺݰһȥܿ޵ĺܡ
ػһأһһҪıˡ
̫˸Уһ˿ԴԴȡΨΪ̫ʣֻܳһЩء
ҾùһͷţֻܿвݡðһĢ㻹ǿԳԵġ
СʮһĻܿøжȻСֶˡ
СʮһóĢĢ
ȻĢҲ˺ó԰
ʱܿŷӦΪʲôʾͲܳĢˡ񣬺߳һЦ̯̯֡
ȻСѾͷƬڰʳʱҲû뵽ҪһЩĢˣ
費
ʵ֤衣
ôˮԷǲǱЩʱĳԷ̫ˣ
СڵݵǰģڷҲʳˮƴ̣ܿǿĵǸ
ԺҵĻʳ϶ϵģȻÿġ
ǣ̫һ̺ˡ
һ壬ֺܿǵҲƽϡǽҪ顣
ϣ֪ԼŮΪβԭԭΪŮڼලżš
˵彡˰ɣôͷǵøʲôءԼֲôóԵȴܳԣοա
ߵԺſڴ밲⻰е⣬ΪʲôĸЩһԽԽˡţĻʽ谮ܲǲġ
ѾͷӿһϹ̺ͱСˡ
ϲŴŹӭ־Щ֣Ѿͷҿ˵ˣڼලﲻġ
׼ҪһӲˡһ̫̫˵ĸﲢǲܳ⡣ǸĳĴ⣬ڵһ⡣
ųһⰡҵĿԹӴ
ٿһ˺öĹĸζˡ СͳģĶǶûһôóġСǺ»ˣˤŵ͡ɵãھȻҪôϸĽ⡣
˼ǾĶ۵Ļš
ĸһ⣬ںܶİռִǼõˡ֪в˶һ굽ͷܳһǶҰƽʱֻǺϡʱӶࡣͣǹܹã
붼룬
ĸɵþ㣬˼ǱˡԼңǼҿǴ˼ҡҲһ˼Ұñ˺Ǽұأ
ĸӰ˼ΣǲΪǰİͱķҡʱ˻ÿĳԶһ㡣ͣԼ߳ȥȻŵľֹǱ˳ЦʱӶࡣң˼Ҹݾ˳ԵĸһͷһġȻ˵ǿԲùܹˣֻҪԼȺģΪƭ͹ӡ
Ǹ첻õģҲ˼ˡǿԸĺãΪʲôŬһѣԼĸһأ
ĿǰһЩ󣬼ʳɹȻͺת
ĸ˵䲻̫ĻôݹİʵǱںĵ޸˾ǮȥңҵĳԼҪҸôҸԼȡģﲻܰպãǾֻһӶڱ˵Ӱˡ



ʮ£Ů

Ӵ˵ôذ
ϿɴûҪŮġ˵Ҳϸ룬ȻҲԼһֱںŮЩʱСﳤĶ࿡ÿѩŶһĿɰĲˡ
Ϊ̫̫ԡҲ泤ֱһȥһСﳰ˵СŮĸͷһģŮصҺԽԵĶˡ󣬾ǲšǲҲڲסﳤʵ
鰡ҺĲôԣˣңҾͲˡ
̫̫һ仰ܿҪ߾ȹ뷨ʹ˰⡣
ԽôʣܿҲԽĺת
·ϣܿͼʮˡ
ڵԼҺҲֻΪ˱ⷴصͬʱҪʳ֡ʲôģǳõ飬Ҫһֱȥ
ȻŻЩ׳ʵֿǲ岻ϱ߶ˡ
ǰв˵ԼҵĹ̿ǺܷʵģĥȥۻȨǿһЦ
˭룬һԼҵĽӼϣ˿ǸӺݻĸߣͨɣķˣǰһȺ˿ĵһص°͡
ȷʵǰŵλ
˱ʾ⡣
ѯλǮˡһλأЩʱ˵ܿϢ죬Ҳ˷ܵһ
Ҫ֪ڳķȦ棬һֱ˳ƵΪǮЩʱ򵱹ʱܿһЩǻ߳ȥ˼Ҷָܿ˵ôԺһ㡣
˵ܿȻ˺ŶֿҸ׵˵渶ˡ
ʵأ˼ҳıÿݣҪʵĶࡣ
滰ܿ˰ɣݶ˵һ֡
ԭͼƯ˵ģƤҲáһ·ֻݣĶһ羰ֻ޸ɽ֮󣬾һֱױ磬ԿžԷʣӹײڲһˣʰΪױ磬λյĴ׸ˣҡһ䣬һαͨûʵĹˡ
⡭ǣôֲѽǮҲ˹
ֻҪ˲һѵġأ˼һ߹Լ
ӴⲻǮôӴιЩ궼ôѽզģҪֻҪֲиĶʲôģҲǿġǮ㰡ٲһ㣬߳ȥ˼ҶҪ˵̫׳ʵӴҵĻǿһϵҪô̰ˡֻҪǰ죬ͺðˡ
üɫԼʾŮˣôôĺÿء
ɣǶĻĺܡ׵ƤһԹһǵǸΪ˵̫ʣϹԶҲԸŵԣ
Ǯ̫̫ڻǾãǰһλ϶Ǽٵܿʵһλ͵ˡ
ǣ˼Լ˼ӵĳǸСܿһ޵ףڸʵܿ
ʱǮ̫̫òţǸ˳ЦĵһԣȻɱһʸţĸˡ
߳ʣһѧġƯ٣зɣ쵽˶˲һӡ
벻ԼҵĹôɵģԺҲҪѧһɣҲǼء
ѽɲզģǰǰӽˣҲ֪ô˼ԹƯԾҽˡҳŰɣǰ˿϶ǿԹ̫ƯԹ˵š
ͷ˿˼ƯƺãԾ͸˽ų԰
ɲô
Ǯ̫̫ЮмŴһԼĸֻѪĶˡȵʶԼǰĳʳȫԹˣֵóֺöʱȴ¶²ЩԵˡ
ѽǮ㰡˵˲Ҫ̫ô㿴ǰȫԹˡһȺǰμˣɶԶһǰĳʳͺá㵽ǺãԵһɶЩʳӴҪҿŪһӵĳʳд㡣Ϊ˽룬ȷҪԺô
ٱʱܿһĹУǮ̫̫޵ˡ
ȷʵǳԵ̫࣬ҲˡǣôأܵĴ̼̫ˬѽ
عŻǷܿ˰ɣ
ܿٺֱ֡
ѽЩʱɣһɶ̫塣ڲһˣǮֵˬĲˡЩҳЦУһҲ˳ЦˡζǱжˬ



ʮ£ı

ֻһûһֱѹȶ꣬ͻȻü뷨ڣ
СѾͷô۵۾ţܿġҵĹ̰ôССͣһҲءСҼҵģҪôòã
ͷˣˣϽȥ·˵õȥȵ㣬ȥʲôӪ˵ɡ
һᵽ¶ܿҲЦϽתȥһ¡ص·
˰ɣˣҪôʢױ磬治̫ϰߵġһϲһ·
·ֻܿһһͿԳŵȹӡ
ͷҲֻǼ򵥵һ£ϴһԼ򵥵ӣԵϾױҲǱϴɾ˵ġ
ţȥҲãʡģ˵ˡ
ܿûױô˵ģ
ǡС档Ǿ㣬زǮˡעĿ̸ʲô˽һӪɶҲһ㡣
ԭһ㣬ܿʧ䣬ɬĿǣСûоãƯˣ
üһʡҪΪһǵĻҾʵʵ˵
⺢ӣܿ
Ϊʲô⺢ӵ뷨Լǲһء
ʱû˵Ư
ԴܿеҪҵŵ㡣
ʵвҲ˵ƯˡŮõκΣѾͷ͸һôҲ˲
ܿŮʿ㲻ôġŮǿ˵ġǡţ˵Ǵӹ͸ġǴΣԼֽġ˶һ;ԼĺˣǴˡ
ܿôһŮѵʱԽĶࡣǣȴãСѵĺܶ԰
˲ΪܣΪ١ҼϻۣСС;֪ЩˡĲ˰ɣǼֻ֪ͣȳһģϣڸĸǰΪ١
һ仰ǷĿ佱ȴԱԼĸղе㿴Լɵɵס
˼ȴôԼоöԲΪһȥڵһ붹Զ
Ȼصģû⣬ʱĸħѵУܵһ붹Գԣܿ˵ҲǼΪĽˡ
һܿҲ͸ˡСʱ򻹵ң÷ĵϵСֻҪѺú忪ˣʵԵɶģ׵¶
ĸŮ궹ԺйĶһλ治ǰԵˣֻŵĸ滳ôͺԲءΪֹ軹ǳԵĺܿģǲ⡣
ΪҲǺܺġ裬ΪʲôԲأԳһ㣬ųٵˣ
һ㶣ٺһЦǲ֪ɣԵĶ࣬˶Ҳ󰡡ûϺںԺһȥġӴιһ첻˶治Сɣ˶ˣԵĶҲеġ
ãԭΪ˶󡣲ôˣҲࡣѹһҸЦݣǰԣǿҲǼƣȫһůĹ⻷裬ȷԼϲġ
ССϵ֣裬Ҳ˶ɣǰҲšһӹǶ˶治ˡ
ѽðҪֵСҲǼ磬ĸϾ͹ǺġһҪˣ͸ƵһֱͣЩ޵˶һܸĹġ
Խ˵ԽǺ档
һοܿ˼ҲڼľãԾ͸ѧѧԿʲô¡
µģû˻ɶġ
ŶˣȥǰĻưɡ˵Ļ첻ˣûһʵķڼҲ֪ûзڼֵŵĻ
ˣƽʱЦǺǵģҲɫڼ
Щÿĸ໨֮ģţڴ̨ǰҪôǸְڼ̨档˼ҵļﶼǰźÿĹŶ֮ģˣľǰڷһЩ滨ɶġ
ˣôҲҰ춼ڹءֵиɶóԵģһ׼֪ġ
ֱ֣裬治ǳԻ
Ҳһ£뿴ܲɶҲһӪ
СһˡҲԵͷϹý㻹ǲģ֪˳ĸɾһ㡣
˰ɣȹȣԽ˴˵ߣ˴˾ͲٺÿˡһܿĻǺġ



ʮ£ִ߽Ӫ

Ҫ˵ ԼҪĿʯ⣬Եľ֮໹ţһЩȻΪţһЩǵľ¥ҲӪĲ
Ҳ˵ԼӪЩҵҲ̫ࡣĵĻԴӪ
ȥһ»УƹһīҪһǧ˰ЩۡҲ̫һ㣬¾ߡ
裬ҾϲīգԺ͸ͺá
֣
СϾȼˡСֶŮѩҲɰĽֲīĻһĽ˶ᣬôܰ
ܿҲʾСŮôءг㡣
裬ƽʱһЩӵ飬һҲ֪İɡȴʱͳһ˵ˣҪֲīյķһעҲԣֲܲԺҳҲһīգȻĲôȨԿɺã
ıһʹСϾûƢ
õã㣬ѽιҼǼСӣ˺ҲһСĺܣϲɶȥþͺá
л衣⻰ֱǿ˹һѽҪ֪˶˾Ժĺü軨īգǼ갺İ׷ˣֻЩĲôã˾ҲǺģȴĪκΡǰһֲһЩ棬˰ȻûҪ˵ģԺ
һ㣬ٹ־ͽζĺܡһ˳ԳԺȺȣֳֹ֣˶˷羰Ҫ־жң
Ȼܿڼʽ׶εˣǸԵеٵġȻˣҲǱƽʱڼҪ࣬Ҳǰ˹֡ǰǼֵģһ˳˲ҲϽֺǱţ﷢顣
ڲһˣ˶ڽֵϣŮˣо̫
Ժ˾ͳ֣Ȼȥġ
ǣڱˣ԰ˡߺٺֱ֣ŽֵϵɫɫȺЩ̾ɩЦЩʱϸֵɣҪൣľжൣġǻ˼һЦңҾ;Լһڲһˣ߳ûֹңҲֱ׳ĴкȻе˵ģҲעòȻʵأ˻Ǵɫ۾ġ
˵С봮⴮ģȴͻȻûθڡҲˣΪ˱ĸƯҪԼලԼ
սӹ⴮ҪҪԼҪʲôԼʵ飬Կ϶ܳɹģȵɹˣҾͰģй䡣
˵ǵͷųġ
ܿʵǵ͵ı̫õǲͷһ£ء
СϳһԼϹãһεͷЩʱ֪ģһλĳˡеģ˲ڿҩɾȵӴ
˹һУȥʳ档
С϶һŵ̫ȤԾһվš
ȥǵһףһ˸졣
ƹİ֪׶Щ۸񰡣
ŶЩ۸һģףһһһӶʮһӿʮ
һأףɲ˲ٵĿ
һֿųɫҲô׸оùģ滹˲ٵĿ֮ࡣ
һСɲһֺܱ˵ף˾һ֡

һĿȥȴ֣ⷢв١Ǳ˵Ҳкܶࡣʵ˵Ǳˣ˵ġЩ׿ųɫã˲ٵĹȿ֮ࡣĶզܳԵĽȥӴ
߰ɡ
ȥ·ϣһֱڳĬ
СôƣСϰҡͷСɣŵǸ¶ģ˼ءСľͻһЩеûģСҼҵģӦô
ĪһЩеûģôţҲġ
Щ㶣СͻأĻɶ˼ȵʶԼ̫ڳĬĵĺűǸŽ͡
裬ֻɣ˵ֲܷһЩһֲ˵߲ջ񲻴һֲǲǾͿȫϰûôܿˡ룬ȥԷùһࡣ
Сϵ۶Դϡ
СССģȴЩǹ飬ɲ㰡СôǵÿֵĲСϳɵģСԺ޲ȥѽ



ʮ£ȴ

裬˵ģһޱߵɡ
ʵȴģǰһʱʵҲһЩĸ߲ֻһʱ䲻֪Ҫȥδҡ
Ȼǰһֲ϶Ҳаֻǿܲҵ⡣
ǵһֽзǶֻҪ̺ĺˣҲǸ߲ҶҪҲ̫ߡǽǸӣͷǼõĶʱȴⷢû
裬ҼǵһֿԿԣҲųԵϡöֲǼ߲ĴڣֻҲûƼߵʱӶܼ࣬ĶǿԿ
Сüû˵ɽկʮ磬˵Ǳߵֲ˲ٵĹһЩֲǸȥһߣþʹȥ˵ֲǾ
ƣúϣǾǸϽȥɣǸ˵ֲһء
УʱѷڿռһֲɹˣóƹȥǿɾܻҵѴˡ
ţȴŲһ٣֣ܿǴũׯɣ˾ţһҵȴԴչһЩũҵֲ˵ֲЩȫǿߵġ˵һЩӣֲЩũׯƹһֲջĳƷҲԷ¸ء
ũҲС
һˣǹӣǸũƷʵǿԷ¸ġ
ȻҪ׬Ǯ϶ǵֲһЩϡĹˮ֮ġղſһףЩǿ׬ǮĴڡ
κʱҵôũҵҪġҪôũУȴһΪֻп룬ҲȨΪƿ¹ŪĩȡʵһֱĴѹһ˽ģƲ˵ơ
ũҵ˵δ͵÷չׯӵӪˣ
ܿü
Ҫ˵ɣڳ϶ҪһЩǹŮĽҲǲãϾũҵҲǸ¼
롣
ҲûһӾܰܿȰ˵͸Ҳصͷˡ
˻ص棬ȴ˵츮˸ļС磬ҪǸ˵С˰˵ġ
飬ǲԸֵģԱӻ֣ЩС¶ֻҪԼļǽӴͺá
ãԺȥɣǶһµǧΪ˱ȥء
ĺܣǰ롣
ûشһߵĶͳһѲһǹãȥԺɣǶвٵĺóԵŶкöĸ㣬Ծ˾ǡ
ҲǷ㰡һ֪ضԼǶĶӡ
ǡʱһͲС࣬ȥԺ棬ɶİڼˣҶñĶͶˡ
ÿÿ£Ǵʱʱ򣬱ãɷԺʫһףЩС裬ЩС㣬һЩμǣĺӴ
⻰һľԺˡ
ͳͳ߿ã¸һȺԺȥ棬Ժɶͳԣô档һ⣬ҪģԺ滹һŹֵĳȣڵµŶߣȥ곤ȥ
ɷ˵ͱһλͻȻˡ
ȵ⼸ԼҵǷֱñ˾Ū˵ģֱţһҧгݡ
壬ǲ³ǰ˵˵飬ְһ
Сƾȥ͵ġǣΪʲôķʽ˵رǻڽʾ֭ʱ˼ֱ˾ܣ
СˣթˣߣС
ǵıã
ᰡС̫ˡ
Ϊ˱öս
Ϊ˱öս

һȺ˵ķһףһȺһѧǲǾ̫һ㡣
ԼǮԼѧ
ƽʱЩǶѧѧģֻϵʱܹ
˭뵽һȺˣȻΪöս
ңսƻе㼤ҡ
񼱣ѱ߬ס֡
磬Ҫ㰡
ĺܡ
£˭һ˽ѵҲˣҪĶĶԵķӣҪJҲзӶԸˡٺ٣ã߰ɣҴȥһ԰ȫĵطһȺСӳȴǵӲġ



ʮ£Ź

ðɣӣ͵ľ巿
˾ǹ龫ֵĵԣȫһλ¶
ò˵ԼҵıֵǳҲǹ˼ġ
ǰɫЩԶΪˡ
ɫľԼǰλģǴڻģȻֻԻ򿡻Ĭǰǲġ˼Ҳĺӡ
Ϳһɽĵط
ҲôŤתͿһƬɽĵضͻȻʹһš·Ľȥٵ͵ơã
طǲӦͨ
ͨɣԾԼΪԼ׼ĺ·
һ˵Ǯ˼ңﶼŪһؽ֮ġ
ͷľǰѽɶĲڵؽ档
ԼôļҵضЩΪһͨǮ˼˵ֵǱġ
ٺ٣ðȥܿǰһء
˶֪𣿡
˵Ȼָǰֵǡ
ǣһֻ֪ڶһ㡣ҿǰ㵱Լ˲ŲŶʵɣ·ֻҵＸ֪һĵĸȻͷһ·ˡ
ˣ
·ôܣҲֻ֪ġȻƾǵĻǣ˵پ͸ٵѽ
˵˵ȥ۶ӣ¶һ첻֪ͨԾõһܡ
ԺҪ飬Ҫ֪ˡԼҵܵǶһ֪ˣԺͶһֱй©Σգɼסˡ
ЩϰСԼͷ˵ðССģôͼĸһ߶߶ͣһЩĺòã
ðɣ⺢ǸԭкӵڴԽһطӣǼĶˡ
ҲιһܵǰһڵĵطܿļһһһҵҲ˺󣬱ɽֵҡ˰ȷˣҲֻ̯֣һ·
߰ɣãǲǾú
ǣвˡ
佱һ䣬ͺٺֱ֡
˳ȥһٶȱСһΧƹһҪˡ
Լ˻ҡ˵ƾ°ѱ뵽Ժ氡Ҳõı£ֱ˲бʲôԼػˣǵԹҡ˵Ǵɣǻˡôôֵǰ
СǷᣬϷǣֱ˺òá
ڣȺһλǷӦ
һը죬ֱͳ
һŭϽˡϧܲס˶࣬ձԼҼֵΧƹȥٺݺݵһ֮һõķ粨սᡣ
ͷβһ߳ˮһ߶żλˣǵϷ롣
ãԺԼҵĲįˣϾǿȷʵǺܿ֡
ʵҲͦġ
˵ıӦǲġһڴ˵ʱ˷ܵĲҪҪġһ˼ҲעˣһȣҪôһСǿĳ˵ĵط˼ĳߴĵض
֮ŵһˣȴֺǺ
ϴ϶е㷴ӦٶۣҲе
һ˾ֲôˡ
ðһǶ۸Ұ˵ôôùأأο
֣СԴϡʮ꣬Ǳĵߺ
С尡Ҫõģ˰ôһͰ͵֪ĻǶˡ㣬ܿô
һ̼Ͻֱղſˣֻ벩ȡͬ顣ʵңٷ磬䲻
һͨĻϽյİһˮݵλǰ⼸ֺǺǵһ߳͵ĹһЦпǻڼڱҵ
ѹιִ꣬˸ǷλǲǵȥĸǶѽ
ÿϣһ˾һʳʱ
ԺæԵķ¶
ܾһԷĻҲࡣչˣҲΪһӵոãԾͶеϵĵضԷ
ǰҵʱǲһӾһʳġ
ȥǶоһٷرıŤݣ鷳¶
Լңȴǰ˼šʵǣһҾۻиĳ࣬иԵɫžԵθڴ󿪡



ʮ£һ

һȺ˵ʳõʱҲǡǡõǰ̫̫
ĸȥһȦӣ滹ͦءӹӲҲȥһ㣬Ҳǿĵĺء
ǰ͸˵ˣ⿪Ԫǰ仯ĺܣǳض˲ˡǰڼҵʱ򣬳ǳҲڵһ롣ڲżӴһˡǳӣһƬȫǱء
˵ǡҲ˵ı仯ǰǲôŵġ۳ˣ֪ĸԷ顣ĸš
ĸССǣ̫̫˵ĻҲģһ۾Ź⡣
Фţף⵽źءõףںöⶼǼõ¡ʵϣҲ˵ʵǼõġ
ֻζ
ȻһÿǣҪģװǸˣﻹԵ˰
뵽ǸˣС˼ҡҲ֪ԩء
˼霣һȺ
ĿһˣٳһߵŮŮ֣ȥߡ
ðĸء
ǺǣСǼ⼸Сһܶ찡̫̫Ҳϲ
һ⼸СӾͲˡ
ĸҲء˹ʱ㻹˵ĨšôˣǾͳͲ˵İ
̫̫һ֣㿴Ƥˡ
һԵĲЮյ棬ڰֲǲ֪СӣǸӵģƽʱû¶һЩ֮ˣͰǸûŶģѽ˴ĪȺƤǼƽϡ
ֺţһָָߵİϲЮһЩ
׼أǳϱԲ̺һ飬һ㶼
СѾͷСһЩԵĶ
л衣
߶ڣǱ߶ǵһϯʼ˸ս
ҿ˵ļûأôͱǶЮˡ
ǸԵģǵ鼦ʱֱӾЮ˳һ
һЩǱ⼸һ֮󣬾һӣ⣬ƴġ
ǰһӴǱɶܡ
̫۸ˡ
һȺƤӴֿʼˡ
һȺǣֺǵĺܡ
ҲһȺֻҪһˣθԴ󿪡
һºࡣ
ƱյǸ˵һһЩ顣
ֵһң棬ҲȫϵĴ˵ա
˼ҲҲȨ
ڸԺˣܷεľͷΡ
Ͳһĸɡ
һһԺи۵ģ˼ҶǻȫԺȥʺԿ֮ġĶĿȾ֮£һҲЩᡣ
һֻŰӹˡ̫̫ĹϵвٵĶϱ֮Ϸ롣ⲻ˴ŵϷ룬ܵġҵôϵĺ֣ͼ֪ˡ
֮˽⵽̫̫İûͦġ
˵ǸμǵģǵҪһμǡҲ£һԼдģǰǶμǽиǵĺμǵġһ˵̫̫ɾˡ
û¶ߴ٣ûκ֮£ֻþԼı£ǰһЩɫһ飬ôһд
ˣ̫̫;ðɣͼСҲǹۺģͿʼ˹ĵһЩʳˡ
̫̫ʹˣڸɶġ
˼һ˻Ĳһ
û¶ͻĵһʳһ
ûһӣʹŶϱǣĸпոһѧĳЩԵġҪôǸĳһλһһЩʵն֮ġ
Ӵһʱе˽ˣΪʲôԼҵļϱǣĸɫ֮ġ
һλ̫̫ʵǾӹΰĵء
һֽŹ£һ̫̫ȥ
ԴĸŮԺ̫̫Ҳȥ߶ˡ
Ϊɶ
ΪǰǼûӣֻһŮԶ޵ģ˼ŮŮΧϥǰǸĽʺޡ
ڲһˣԴԺ̫̫԰ڵľͲð
㲻֪Щʱûʱ̫̫û¶ͰҵĽŮҸǰСҲǸ;Ե˶˶Ǹֺ塣ߵİҲĽĺš



ʮ£һ

棬ʵЩûҪ̫ƽˡ
ܲƽϰǰû취ˣôҲüƽһزС̫̫ǸСԵˣ˭ңǾͱҪЩ
ǣھȥѩȥ
֪̫̫ҲСϡ˾ͺð
һ̫̫
̫̫ʹԼֵĸѩŶһСŮվǰ
С͸ҲǲģİѩŶһһЦСѶ
ƽʱҲϡҲ̫̫Ҳǲģƽʱ࣬Ůɾˡ
Ϊһλ޵ĹҲܳĴڡ
ڿ̫̫³޾͸Ͻǰĸˣ޸˰죬רŵء
˵䣬һ
һҲǴˡ
ǰ˵̫̫˸ѩŶһСǰҲ̫ŵġôƯĹƯģ
ǰһλƤС죬վǶС̫̫ЩֵŮ
ǵĵԭǼõġ
˳İѩŶһһ˫۾ˮһˮ
ɨ촽һˣЦ
ɬģ͸ľЦݣԼҰԣѱȫַͬ񡣵ǣСľӣȴĽ˾䲻¶ӵ顣Ϊֹĸûѱⷽȱ㡣
λÿźƯء
СЩĽĿŶСãűԼҪС㵭ȻվǶֱȥĴ
ؼģǳļһ֡
ǶģȴоǴ껭СŮվһԶġһɫ޿̫˽ˡΪ̫ģ룬ҲϲԼɫѾͷ
ǺǣްŮС鰡
ǣĸȻϲ޻ǺܹɵӦ¡
ĸ
ת̧һ°ͣСøɡ
ҾͲȥˣĸͺá
ǣѿǣԼȴ˼ôֱӾܾˡ
治ȥ
ü΢壬ҲЩˡһߣ̫̫֪ԼŮƢԵģϽԲȻòȥͰˣĸһſɺã
ȻҲ֪ĸһ㷢˻ǲپܾġ£ֻӲĵͷЩõĵһѾͷ̫ˣȻܾ롣˳軵˵ޣΪһľܾʹ˼Ǻ
һ̫̫Ҳ١
ǳͷ̫̫Ƕˡ
Ȼ̫̫Ů֮ͬš
棬̫̫˿ɾͲʮ˼ҡһҲвʮСӡôޣǰܹԹԵĴǵߡ
ˣЩĥƤġһʯͷǸһӶȵȡ
м䣬ҲһȺ浽һ浽ͻȻ䷢ֲԡ
ǸѩŶһСôһֱǶһֱԹԵ˫ַϥϡ
ô壿
Щ㶡
źƯСһκöǰҲһֱڳΪʲô˵ĴûȤ
Ҳ˰ѹ֮ӵϣСӴչȥҪòһ˵Ϸ֮ġ
ǣС˿ȻǶżһ
Ҫôһ衣
ôСȻѧ̫̫һƲ죬һλж򣬿ڿôҲ˶ѡ
ŽޣһҲȤһȺСӹģҲô˺ûȤζǶԸ̫̫Ǿһȥ
ֻǵһȺ˲֣ⷢΪֹʵĴ̫̫ߡ
ӴιСﵽľĺãھȻһֱֻǺȲ裬ԵСҹ۲쵽ģĿǰΪֹСﵽڶûôɣɲС̵ܽġ
һλ̫̫̾һֱϯϵССǡ
̫̫ŮĹעأңüɫҲǾѵġܳˣǸΪϱ
ǰҲСðˣһֱȻǶĸҰСͶҲᡣ㵭Ȼ޲ӣСѾͷ
һ߶̫̫ԴԺԼŮķͷࡣΪҲǲôСġʱһĸŲյҪ˵СôǵаԼͯꡣѾͷŵģҲ̫ϳһ㡣
Ϊ԰ڶ̫̫һɲˡ˵Ǽҵıȥ



ʮһ£һ

СССľһĳ侲мĵֻ֪Ϊһֻȥ˰׽Ϊ˻һ佱ϲѣ̵ӣҪôнڣ⺢òȴ˵ϳɣǺǣҶˣǵҪ̵òأǾôһֱţǷչҰӣ
˻Ʋ̬ȳϿ̣԰Ӵҵ㣬ǽ̵޻ǲ̵
̫̫û뵽Լһ仰ȴ̫̫˶ķһʱҲ֪Ҫβܻشˡ
˵˰ɣⲻǰĽʧô
˵ɣǰԼ˼ҵС̫С͹Ÿɣƺе
ڣҲǸɾģ¾תƻ⣬Ǻǣķ羰һЩϹͷҲҪһֱǳȥתת࿴ķ羰Ҳء
Ǻǡ̫̫ԵЦתעҲû¶ϾϻǵнģûҪ׵˺
Χ۵˿̫̫Ľ棬Ҳһ˵ĵߣǲ̫ܲˡС￴̫ĵװ壬һ˾ͻᱻײѪ
̫ȻάתȰο񣬡˵Ȼ̫ĸϣҼһЩһ㡣
ʵ˽ȻСô£оصģҽмӣٵʱȷʵӦöһͯȤûҪһֻ̫̫һɲš
ĸ㲻λǲֵأҿ㣬ߴţ죬ѧһЩΪµľ飬ҲǼȤ顣СӵһϷΪһ۾ܿԲû̫Ȥ
ҼӴ
С̫̫治֪˵ɶˡСŮ̫̫죬ʧͯô죿
Сôÿƫƫһ浽еӣ̫ҲĪκˡ
ǣҼСĿǶԵġ
ʵҲǣ˾úõһ˼ҪġСҲûдëֻһ㣬侲һЩˡڻʲôģͿԺٸıɡ
ôţ̫ǾãСѾͷǵС˶ԡôˣ¶岻áһ棬ò˵̫Լĺƫġ
̫飬ٿʱҲͲپС˳кβ׵ġ˽£ôľֹűܵۡ
̫ˣҿԼҲûģˣԺ󳤴˵ǿԵõĳϱʲôġҪ˵˻ģǺǡ
Ҳ̾˵ԼҵŮٹȴҲǸġһɣûֻ˳Ƶĳôķ緶һĸϰֻԺڻ䷽棬ǹҲǸǵĴڡ
ΪԼҵļС˵󣬺һˡǶʱԼСӾ͸ʧķһģܶŹ
Լҵĳ˵һҽǼ󣬾ȻҲĲô˵СǴܡңǼλүǿţȻ﷽ԺŮţͲˡ
һϣһᵽԼûĻ̡
ҲĽԼҵḶ́ôôĺӴ
ԼóͰˣŮôҲ˵ĵóءǸСѾͷƬզôء
һ죬˻۵Լҹ̵ʱ򣬳ĴһҲʼˡ
Ԫһֱµʱһڡ
ǰ˵һµķ򸾣ƾԼͣȫ˴ŷ¸ǸׯҲǰһʯͷ壬ڵһԴ塣
㲻֪ǸһԴɺˡгԵģиˮ֮ġҪģǶкöŮӴ˵вٵĺ߸ŮһˣȥǱ߶㡣ɶүֹȵȡǶǼҲԵʢĺܡеʱҲȥǱ߶ȼ٣Сסʮʲôġ
Ŷȷʵе˼
ׯԪǺҲ˵üˡһ˵տٳģԹȥסĵض
˵ǸطİǸԣĺܣҲʢĲˡÿҪеᣬһ֮ģҲһطõġ
ȥһڣֻס˰ɡôһضססģ
·ﲻ˳ü
ȴС첲һӡã̫СԼ˵Ĳ˰ɡǸطǺӵȥסҲࡣǮɶ¶ð졣ǰЩ꣬ǾһƬأԼһԺ䡣ҲʼӪҵӴ֮ġԼӵеĵȥסûطסģ
һᣬҲͻȻˡȻǮǺðµġ



ʮ£׵ľ

˵ҪȥģҪԼһԴĶȼʤˡ
ǰôȥҲûطס˶סһ֡вٵĿͷĿסء
˶࣬ʱȥ棬ͲǰһһһŴˡ
ÿ䶼ŴټһЩū׼С֮ġҲ˵ʵһҪ˯ϲ嵽˵ġԭǳģҲӰ졣
ܿĸŮһ䡣⻹мѾͷһŴ
УһҲ˵е徲塣ȫһѶμһԴˡ
סͺܿһȥһء
˵ǸׯͿٳһеӡȫӵһЩũԺ䣬ܻ塣
ÿһᶼ˽Ӵס޵ĵطһʱ򣬸ֳˣũҵƣԼľƮݳ
ԶһʢԺ
¯ĵط˶ǶԸŮ϶࣬ݵ˽ܴԸԵġ
ȻҲȥԵǩȥ
֪ܿǺ֮ãʵǿԲɽġ
˵˻أ˺ôȥܾʹ˷֡˵ɽܿӵĺܡЩʱɽǰһŲӡ
ʵ˷֮µһҲǸͨ已̥ˡ
£еĶĺܡ
ʵԲ̫ɽҾǵȨҪ㲻ܵɧŻǼ򵥵ġ
֪ôģɽѺң˵ջؾջصģ˰죬һƬׯͻȻʵҲԸȥһЩµҵʳǵ֮Դ¿ԴչǵʵǹũһչǸ顣
Ǵȥһׯô
ЩС
ǰ̫ܲȥ¡
ڲһˡ
ΪռԼȪԭȥ顣
һЩһˮƷԺӾĻῪٳһĵ·
ҲеˡڳⲻһЩӦġҲǺεģһ˵ŮȻҵϲ˵Щɫԥġ
֪Լãһ˼ҡ
ȻǺҲһĳ軤˹ϧΪһζȥ̣Լĸܿ˵ǲ̫ԼЦȥ£ʵҲǲġ
ţ֪
ȻЩܿĴ˾Ǽֺá
ԼЩһֱչļãԱڸëҲ顣
ܿȥ·չʵҲһ顣
һ̫̫ںȥĸŮ͵ȥׯӵˡǰܿԼĸȥɫׯӡЩֳɵׯӣҪʲôĲſס
ϾĸŮҪȥ³סģڰȫ滹ǵעһЩ
˾ǰҲģҵĵطӦǾ治̫Զĵضɣ
⼸˾Ƕĸ׵Ĺػ̫ԶĲŲܡ
汻˵ˣǾһ·̾ͿԵСʱҲȥׯĵض˵羰滷ɽģǶɽˮʱ򣬻ʺȥסȼʲôġҪģǸطǰߣһܸߵɽ˵ɽϷֳ˺üڣҪֲʲôģġ
ĵطϲ
ĵطֲȻġ
ţһɽļļͬһƬɽɫˡһɽһƬɽʵȥǶɽҲв٣Ȼ˵Ǵ棬Ҳһĵط˵Ҫ֣ǱҲγԼгȥǱ߿ܻøصӴһ
һܿҲ̫ġ
СͱҵȾ
֪Ҫô򽻵
ĸŮߵԵƮ̻
ȴתһ㣬ϵĹ˷ǰ

ׯϱŮܿס죬СµƮ̻ţȴСӻʱ뿪ȥĴŮҪСŮֻһͨһҪ߾ͺá

صܿʱ߻ھʧɫС
ֱСģͻȻһ§ŮҪ뿪òã
һֱڰ
ͷĿ
Ŷǡ
֪ܿղſŮƵסˣڻЩܾȣţй˼Ҳתʱ򣬸ǰֵŷ£ʱҡӣͰĪһߵһƬ



ʮ£ǧ

ĸŮԺȥĪŷҲôǰԺ
дĺŮŷ˼ԶҲ֪Сȥ˺δŷֿһʱ䣬ȴԼҪ֧Ųȥˡ
أ
ߵԺֵ񣬽ŲһͣĪĽ

üܿŵĸϽס
£ֻͻȻƵĺܣһͺõġ
ԳһЦ
Ժ󣬲ôԸŷԵŷ£Ҳ㣬ڷǰԼԸϣһҵ
ŮۣЩȻ
飬ָҵİ˶
һŷת뿪
˴ո֣ܴԼҵ˱ܣͻǺһҺˡ
ҲʹȻ˲תԭǸ龫ֵˣƽʱҲǰύһЩῡܵˡ
Ӵⲻŷֵôɲĺãһ߹һ¡
ǰŷµʱ򣬾ϴӴġ
һλῡܣ̸²׵ӣ˵ӡǼõġ
ʱĵطˣȻĺܡ
ŷҲϲˣʱԼҵˣǻϲĺܡ
λһᣬһᰡ
һЯȥǰ㡣
˭ȥһ㣬꿴ܲӦ飬Σ
ǴĿϴ
˵һȺϴŷµ󣬰˼ά˵˵඼Ӧöˡ
ϴһŮ벻ۣԵҲǵģҲãӵĻôǵÿԵ֡ǿж̫磬ʱ̫Ĳ۷ˡ
Ϊ⺢ӵҲûס
ŷԭҪ׵ģ󣬾øֽڰǰõˡҲÿ˼һó˼ңҲǵӣǸǰһǸʽ˼ңֻ»ͦ鷳ġ
ȥϸɡ
ŷ´ǰӹһǲɮ˰һߵ㣬ٶǮ󣬱תϵģס
Ӵιû뵽ŷֻȥءΪЩֻЩŮĲŻŵأ벻벻
ϴҲǺĶˡ˸־ŷֵܾһźԵء
ȵϣŷһ֣øλЦˣʵȷʵѰԼİŮӡֻǷɢˣҲһǲ꣬ҲȢ޵ġ
Ȼ𾴣ӴӴŷֵôǸѽԹԣҿľͱַϣŮ˵顣Ҽұôɰ˶Ҳǲǰǵġ
ᵽã⼸ֵһۣɲܺ˵˵ǴһģҪռߣҲûС
˵ãŷ¾֪һλԼС˵һλ
λıǸ˶ȻôǸôϲأ
ͽ
ʵǱỹСģŰӣɳкüءһһϲˣʵǿĸ۰õĺܣһ˸ֲõͷ˵ԼҵıҲȷʵǳĿɰһ˿˳̫ˡ
ңҪʶһ¸λıá
Ǽ˵ͼġ
ǡʱõĵ
Լÿ⼸ɵֵǻһнܣ㲻

ŷ˼һ뵽ôͶһŰСŮءͬô࣬ôɺء̥ĵطǡǡŷҲǸˡԣһڤڤɺأ
ϾԼǰŷ޵£һͱŷˡ
ǵıǲ򣿡
Ҳһʡ
Ҳ˳һӦ԰Ǳ򰡣
Ҫֹȴˡ
ۼķ֣˵˱֮󣬽Ųһͣ˷ܣ˼ʹԼָӵ裬ôһԼұúİ
ȣǼұõȻˡ
ǽɣŷҲһʡǣһȴһӼĬˡңԶ⼸ֵʱҲʶһƺ֪Ǳõ̫ˡ
ֵҲĬĴڣһһļϵı˵ģһʹˣ𣬾ҪԶΣյļһôÿĲţҲǼһ׵ġ˵£ȫͲһӡˣһ˵СġԾԲСʶ
ΨһıøˣԺ˭ȥ
ǵһʱ䣬˶һ⡣



ʮ£һ

⼸ı飬ŷµĿһ¡
ôɺϵ顣
þ֣ͬ˲ֻа꣬һŷҲǴ⣬һҪ̽һǼҵСòС
λȥһ£һЩɺá
Ȼŷεǣһ룬˼Լ˲Ըˡ˸ͷﳤȥ
ҪҲˡתŷ¸ϽѰĪ
Ҳʲô취ҪԼҵСô¶
ĪĿżѵĹӣһӣӣúõС㲻ңΪʲôҪ˼ҲŰСðѹԼҵļλӶˡ
ӣƼԼҵСõġ
Īӣһ˵ʵ
⼸סĵطһ㣬Լұóˣһָ
Ī㣬ǹһΪ˴Լ˵߰ͻȻҪ˼ҵıãҪ˷еء
ղŹӺͼλԼҹӵദǿġһٵĴС̬֮һӱתˣôȻʵĹôûѲɣֻǶСŮӲиоô
ү㶼ʮѽ
˼ҲŰСãϸ㣬ͿԵ˵Ĵˡ
ĪĺñԼӣǷԸ黹Ҫȥ졣
ԼҲɵӣŷڴ󣬱ȥ˿ԺģԺˣõ飬ȫ˵֪Ǹ͸¶ȥġ
Щ˶Լҵūţҵﵱǰһ˵õñܣ氢ĪһϢҲ
ӣǻ߰ɣ˼ԼҶԱŽĺܣұ˼СŰ갡ǡôţҲ˳һ
Ī
Ӫ̸һˣڹһֱڴȥ껹ҲڽǰġֻǺĶҶѡ
ֻҪйӵЩμǣл֮ģҪ̺ĪǾûġһ˳ʱޣٵȥȻһγʲôʱء
뵽ĪľãǵȰӸϽ뿪ĺáȻʱҪ˻
УһҪԼұõ顣
ΪľҵԼӣһ
ô飬ŬǮҪ̣Ϊҵ֣ͬһĪǣңܾʹ뿪
ԼҹִţĪҲûˡ
һǿӲҲֻϡһĪţֻλøϽһΡڣûðĪ̫ʧڶʱСڿ˵ͷԼ˹Сˡ
үˣСóˣ˼ĺС
û˵أͿԼƽʱСͷһүವľûӰˡ
룬ҼӢүİأԺɾ鷳ѽ
Ī̯̯֣Ϊүδǡ
ڿ˲䣬ŷҲԥˡôССһСѾͷһֱ˼ŵ
⿴ӰҲǼ갡ôСһСӣŲЩ
һԥĹһͬͳˡһֻ˶ԼСÿãιˡôһֱǼСóģԵľǸĲļһﰡôһѰ˼Ͻһߵϴʹ˸˴ڶֵܵŷ
һһҵļסŷºúߵɤвҴұõ⣬СӲĸбǶˡ
ŷ鼱֮£Ͻ˳һ̥ޣɶһŷϲ
ͱ˵Ц⻰һ৵ؾӿСţСŰˣСӡ
ٿͷ˫Լˡ˫ۣλǿмš
ȥ죬ƺԸ𡣿꣬ǿ彡ǿקţƵġﴽ
ϲ
磬磬ڸ
ŷµ۾ǰСһ˿ɻ⵽ǲԼҲһ˿˫峺ۣǸһ£ǣǣ͵öࡣԲء
۰Ͱ͵ĿǰСϸ㰵ʾʾɶҲðȻСɶҲûУֻЦԼ˵һ£ŷµϣգڴ˲ͱ˴
ǡСе㲻̫ǰܵһ߶ȥðȥǰСһɡ
ϴŹڱõǰ̫Ȼ˴ĵһĴŷ¡
Ӳ𣿿㿴šÿС磬ŲСǶϲİɣ



ʮ£Ѿͷ

һʣŷʧŨ
ôأһҲûУֻס
һܴģǹֲ˼ġСŶԼ̫ˣǣ̫ࡣ
ǣ׽ŪһôȤءǰˣզҲܲġôһѰ˼۾һת
λС磬ղᵽĻŹֶġ
ٴԼˣҪϽ뿪ŷһ۾һˡ
ٰסһӴιɲѽղŻǻָˣͻȻһģ
͸С̫һε۾ˡϽסߵĸ첲ֵܣ̫ݰ.вĻŷȴһҲȥֻСĿŶЦС㣬ǲҲѹ֪
ǲǲǰ
Сţһβ˼ˡԼЦƺ濪̫ˡðСš
ȣҲ֪ʶһС㣬һξż˵Щġ
ԭǱ˵İСãһңǸСҺҪ
һ£ˣӣһڴǱõ⡣Ļǲˡ
һѰ˼˾ɿ֣ûˡ
ŶǸС㰡һġҲסģһ벻ѽ˵ˣʱģиסĵضС磬С㳤ĺܳª˵ЩΪ飬ʲôȻСͿֻôӰɣأȣһ̥ǣëšЩֲȷҪǸС𣿡
ƳһԼСá
˿ܲ˽
ǰɣСýӴһʱһλСò˵ʮ˽⡣
أ߰˷ֻеġ
⻰˼еˣСڱŹءģɵӿš
ûҪһλɵӣ˵ұ׽Ū˵ء
ȣ˵ģһλڵĹɣ棬ǹǰĻǲġǵȵгţɴѽҵʱĸоǼ˹ǰڵǿӴ
һӻסҲò˳˵磬̫ˣôʶļı
һֱעŷ£һһ֮⣬ߺߣٿˡ
˵Ŀģ˵Щ
ȻŷƺһҲûԷôģֻ˵ǸС˵ĻҪ֤ء
ЦԵİ˵˺ö໰ڴϵʱΪСͰһģ߶ĺܺáҺϲԸȻĲôǰɣԸǼõġһӵʫѧЯһīաÿκʱ򣬿īնࡣ
һеɲеô
λСãһҪҡʵӣžΪġ
һӡ
ڨڨӡ
ǰԩһѽԼұõģڿ˼ȷʵˡ
ԴҲͦεġ
ԼҵӵܣȻ˵ǮİҲǧٹֵģΪ֮ģȴûдӵܵϰ෴ģƽʱҽ֮ĿǼϸ
вԣᱻҷź򣬾ΪԼҵķչŻ˵ƴҲһֱǰߡ
ŶİѽСģȻˡңȻһҲԷô
ŷĲˣСȻ䣬Ҳ˵ԼӰĴڡ
СãʵƤ֮ĲҪҵҵʼǸ˶ôˡ
Բ۾˵ôù˵أڿ˵ǸŮӡһҲϵģףѽôһʶ˵أһǵ˵ӡѲɣǱĺˣ
һ£ҲϺӢɫļһı˼ҵԸϷˣˡȻһĺ˼ҵǮжôͻȥǧٻصһŮΪء
Լҵ˶ÿŷ£ŷЩǱ
Ҳʵ˵Լİ
˵ˣðԼɹֿءɡ
ʵȷʵһλΪС˵Ҫ˽˵ЩΪޡȻһҲǸ
ŶС磬ҿˣҪ㵱ҵδɡ



ʮ£С㵱δ


ãɺ֡ˡ
ԴҲǼŸϽȳ⣬ݵú˵˵
ҡͷãֻԺĪҪ˵˵Ȼ˼һ˵̫ḡˡ
ŷҲҡͷ̬ķ񶨣˼Һ֮˵ġλ˵Ļʮ֮šϾҶҪˣҵһ֮ˣҼΪǰȥһ㶫ҿ¾ʹûˡתԺҲ˵ˣһӳҲǲŮһġһ𣬲ǱڷҲкˣҲҶھΡ
˸ۣСӣôݵĶģԺǼ޸أǲ޸㰡
һߵֱţ̫ʶ̧ˡߣһͿˣʲôģɸˣҲǽһˣңһк˵ǲҰߺߣҾͲСˡ
ȷʵû취ǶϷССҾͲƽˡС˵ҪģԼкԿСӱض߾ȫǵҪ󡣡
۶һֱ̫ʶ̧ˣҲһ˵ɣҪ֪С䣬ҰǰҺĿˣҾ͸Ŷ
ü
ԼҽݵСãֻ֪ıѡ
ʵıĵǺġҲôҵ׽ŪһˡǽȷʵǺġң׽ŪҲǹһ㡣
˵ҲıãӦôҰΪ
ѵ˵Ŀ
뵽ĵˡ
ǡʱϴҲ
˽һ˴˶ǵ󣬾Ͷ˽ˣСã濴˼ˡ
ͷôȥ
˲䣬˶⣬ԺöԱöϸһ㡣УС븮ȻСöһֱˣʱҪؿɾѰˡ
ãùûڼأǻǻؼȥɡ
ҴӦ
ˣԼȥ뵽ŷ¸ϽӦ¡
ȣ㻹߰ɣǱö㿪ЦġˣԸŷȥøǰĥšСӣǱԼ˳Ҫ˳һ㣬üģҲľǸСĻˮ
ŶסڱǼǹʱأҾͻȥµׯˣʱŶׯ֪𣿾ھ治·̵ĵطǶһɽļļͬĵضҪһЩŶȻҵʱˣͲˡ
ãݷС㡣
ãϽˡ
ĺܡСѾͷƬӺֵ̫˰ɣȻ˽ԣǵЩûɣ˼ΪҲ̫ˡܣӦûбĵ˶šȻԺõĻˡ
ʵ֪ǣѹͲ
ںҾͲǾޱϡ
꣬С㻹˵˺ö飬ңɾͱŶ
СѾͷƬӻϲŷĪľҧ
СѾͷƬӴҪϷˣǿĳġ
һߣĪɫҲڨڨġ
ӣҪȻСȥһλҿ̰һ㣬֣Ϊʲô͹Ӵһλ˵Ľã˵һĹСѾͷӦ˵ôһЩ鰡
һﾪˡ
ŷҲˡ
ѵ˵ʵСѾͷ
ô׽ŪԼô
һᣬ֪ˡ
һ㣬٣СѾͷ˵ôĻȻͶпܡ˵ǺҪԱ
ĪҪһŻȥ˵ҹʱؼҡ

һγΪӱܶ飬ܵһʱҲܵһӰ
ôŶӣeŷҵĳϱ
ӣ˻ѹġ
֪ұ
Ī˵ΪǸСѾͷƬӣ˼˵仰ԵôĴˣôŹӣ󻹵ñôѹ
һѹ̫ˡ
һᲹġ
ĸҪģԺ󶼸һǰһЩеġֻԼҪˣһεҲȫΪ
ȥɡ
ģĪҲǿҪ󣬵±Ͻת뿪ȥż
תͱλǿק˺ǵļеء
Ҫѵ㡣࣬һӡ
ҲһĿһ̫ˡ



ʮ£һԾʹ

СַϥǰԹԵż˰ŸѵԼ
ȵǽˣ̧ͷĿǣôô룬ǣұҪ˵ǣ϶ˣĪޡ
㡭
ˡ
á
ڣһֱɫԴˣſǰĮãһУǵôС;϶һˣԺֻùĸϸ񿴹
ҲĿǣֻǣ˽ǸΪʲôһʼͷ
̫С
űִŵӣͻȻ۵Ц
ˣҽ׽ŪˣǸ׽Ūˣڻ׽ŪǣĲԡɣҽԵģһͼλܾòã
˿ͬʱҲЩաֱ۶ùѽһֱ׽ŪˣɵãȻ׽ŪĹǺ
Цôϵء磬˵Ҳǣ
űʵЦݣԴ˿ãֻҪòǺ¾ͺá
ţֻҪ㲻Ҳνġ㿪ľͺá
ͷĲò̾һԭ̫ˡȻǲǿЦģԺ󳤴ȻͻнۡҵǸԩңһҲһ¡
Ϊͱ˵飬³ʼɫ
ˣʲôġһ츮ڣмֵ˶ը
ʵŴһЩĵϣմһЩһƤ֮͹ըζִࡣ
óԣϲ
ȻҲϲһִֵĸоչҲʹˣֶһϻ𣬶Ҳ̫áֻǳ֮󣬱㿴Сǳԡ
ĸͣϣڸ̾˵ҼСŮզôŶءʫ黭ͨ˵Ů֮ĸá
ڣʵҲӴ˼ҵһЩʳ֮ġһЩд飬Ų˼Ҷܼסġ
д飿
̫̫סˡ
ҪģǫǫģɲУˣĸһЩ˰ӵˮƽǺǣǱȥ涪ˡ
һߣϱϽӻڣ㻹˵Ҿ治ƽʱԵĵеģһЩСնҲǻģ˲һᰡˣгء
϶Ҳżˡ԰԰ڰ⼸ϱģһһЩ˵һ㣬ǸһЩƳһ飬гء
һۿɾȫżˡ
ƽʱҲǳԺ֣Լϲ顣
ЩҪȥٽ̻ȥһŪȴǴġһһųˡ
ڰҲⷨӿʹءȫˡаҲ渣õˣĺĸĽһҵúö˶д飬˼ҾͳҲضҪ
ǵһЩĵ£ҲԸĸһȥ
ֵĳʳᣬ˲˼ҵ۳ᡣ
ѻСЦվһ߶Ϳ۲ݡ
飬ջ飬дһ飬Ҫôдôܳȫ졣
⣬Ӧ񵱳˵ְλ
һҪ飬ȻͲܹдһЩ֪顣һЩСϲΪٿȫ顣
Ҳ֮ΪԸ־
Ը־һձһˡ
Ȼ˵Դ־Լҵգ˵
ǰȡɶٿȫ֣Ϊͨ׶ϿڣԱ˼ͨ
˴µķҪô飬ɾнˡ
գһ̫̫дһЩôöǿȡ״Ԫľ̸֮һЩ֮ԣҪȡ״Ԫʱ򣬾ӦЩʲôҪôЩдȥ
֮ԻһŪɵһ棬ΪҲǺöϲ顣ȻҲԼ˽һЩϰ֮дȥ
ڱһֱϷϷɶġڿɵãһһ˼ϷҲˣֵҲˣǲȥˡ
ҵ˷ʱڱķ档
һ̫̫˼Ҷ˴
ˣǷǵҰһдⲻæųء
̫̫һˡ
ɶӾȻ飿ûɣĵԣдɶ



ʮ£Ҫ

еһȺˣҲþˣдˡһֱҡͷְ֣Ҳ֪ĸˣȻ˼¶ⲻǶô
Ҳμһģ˭ȴ˵̫ҪϢ
̫̫Ľ۾̫϶ǵ˿֢ˡһլ˿ԳҲ룬ǵԣһܿ飿
ùܣϷϷһϵϷҲǹ˼ġǿߵϷʱ̫Ϸ¡
ǺǣҲǰʱ飬ȴûǾе˼ѽ
һȺ˵̫飬Ǳضǳ鰡дʲô˲дģ
Ҫܰ
ٵɢˣвܵľʿ˻һأһںլĸ˿ԣ
Ϊһ㼸˶áԼҵļ˵Ȼû˵ɶҲֱֹ̫̫һҪЦġ̫̫ˣͺɡ
䣬ŷҲҹ񼸻أÿһʼλС㣬Сͻһ㻹ûҿģһҪĵԡΪŷҲĪκΣǣӴĶˣҲС￪ʼһЩԻ
СССż¶һЩӡǴʱȴһصӡ
һСʱơ
ÿɵʱСͻǸصС㡣˵˵˵ʲô㵽ټٵŪŷҲЩԻ󲻽⡣
¹ôţһһȥģԼ̫̫Ҫԭǿģһļϣ̵鵽Ҳʹ˶
Լ˳̣ŷ³£鼮˺ֳɡ
һ׮⣬Լҵһ̸ġ
ĺŷ̸УȻû̫һ׮⵱׬ǮӪŷҲֻЦЦû˵̫ࡣ
ںܶ˵Ĺ棬鷨ҵһЩֻҪ׬ǮǳΡǲ֪ŷµ̻ж𱬡Ȼһȥǵ˻˵Ҳŵġ
ʵҲŷµദһµģκμλǸġһ˵ŷµضвһڳΪֹҪһ˵仰ҲС
ڻǿҲǲеĴ˰ɡһԺӣΪװأԺܵøĴСϲô˶һЩƷ֡ҲͿ˺ЩƷֳ
ӣһҲӴһЩȥһڣҲҵĺܰɡ
лС㡣ŷ¿գĪľǰһصһҲ֪ǲʶ⣬СССĺö֣
ָоԽԽǿңǿҵЩˡĳɳΪһСˣǣΪʲôҪ
뷨˸ôҲ֮ȥΪڤ˼֮ŷͻȻгСһ㡣
ڰӵ̧ͷŽгˣ
˵һ͡棬﷢šʱҪο϶ġ
߿ΣҲϲ
żˣϵˡ
ǵͷãСиԵĵضĵĺܡ
û뵽Ϊ̽ǰ˳
ȣС㣬ǲӦøһ
Ѿͷȥˣŷʳ
࣬˵Ҳ֪˵ʲô˽⣬һ൱صġ
ͷȣСţ
һСţŷ¸Ȼֹԭء
Ѿͷ
ԼڨЦļһŷº޵
ǿŵѾͷƬӣĪ²ȥ֡ССӹǶŷ۵ؾˡ
֪ôǰһֱ룬СʲôģʱҴ꣬ôҲֻܳҴˡʱģ˵Сˡڿɺãһұˣڡ
￩һ£;ǲˡ
ȻСӲһЦ˹СָСѾͷڵĻ
ڵպˡ
㣬С仵ˡ
԰Ҳұ仵ˡǣҵ񣬱ĸ
ǰһҪСѾͷ̵ʹԼȨʱ
ٿ֣ŷҪ
̧ͷʱϾ˴Цݡ
Ť֣磬磬ղ˽˸˵Ĺң̫ˣȻ⽲ֹ¸
ɫƵĵŷ£˦Ÿ첲СӣǲǸʲô
ȣǻὲµôŷЩƵĵһ۳ԼŹְļһѾͷ˾С˶壬ԸҲıСˡңССƨӣǰһŷ˵һ޷ܵʵ



ʮ£ڿԽС

գŷǱȥġ
ļû취ԩңҵʵʲôġȻܼˣҲСѾͷƬŪĥ˵ĺܣ滹ǲԽ뵽̫̫顣
СѾͷ޵ļνӴԼһЩЦ׽ŪǰܣڣζȴһĻ䡣
СһûһЩԸһǿԵõֲˡ
һ뵽⣬ŷҲ˯ˡ
һǱ۾ų
ʱľ˵С֡ڲһˣСѾͷ˴塣һ˵ݾ͵ڶԵˡ
СѾͷӣԺضΪ˴ңұ֣ڹҵ֮ġڵңɲǰСˡ
ţŷ¾ѰĪ
˵СһϲһЩʲôأ˯İĪ
һʱʹܵĺš
ǰһհĪò˵֮¡
С޷ǾϲǹеİǰһЩģӲӵն֮ġʱһЩ֮ĶҲỶϲشȻͷ֮ҲСϲĶôģ治̫˵ġ
˵СʵǺϲһЩӲӵĶôһЩɫḻģ
ʵǰҲŮһСѾͷϲĶ޷ǾǰŮϲĶһ뵽ŮŷһƬҲ֪СôѽǷôԶҲ޷չˡ
ʱԶĽDＲȥ
˼ſʱһһļȴּĹǰ硣
Сãǿˣ
أͲһˣ磬ֻһô
ûԵˣĽЩʧ
ҲСˣ˵ҲʱȢϱءǵﻹڼͳɼ˰ɡһ뵽СȻ
ĽݱDҲǹܵġ
ԴﲻٹСþЩѻ
ǣôûҲ䡣
Сãϲʦ治˵ôǱߵġҼǲúǻģԲҪ̫ǳﵽʱˣݻǹĲģǻܵġ
ʵҲǣǸĸߡڵ
Ȼô˼ΪӣҪŬѵǴá
ţϽȥɣλʦҲá
ʵǰϲʦ󣬾һֱᶨ˵ǻġ
һϢڶԸš
һ澵Ӹˡ
磬ȥѧôˣ
ѽӵݵĽݱDǰʱĽ軹Ǻʡ
ţò˵ЩԽǶõĶȷʵǻԶԶϲϵġڣҵ츳ģ绹ܸϵǵĽ
ʦڴԽߵ£ǵֱϵӡ
⼸ܵҲ˸ԵԵ֣ʦһﴩԽߵ¡һжϲĺһľ
ǰȻֻµȥʦġʵǰһӴѧϰ󣬼þͶʦǵĿġ
һˣȷʵŷͬСɵ
滹ĸ߿ƼҲʱ̫ȱĶ
ٵĶûУͨǻһһķչ
ǰֻŴֹһЩϣҲûĳˡ
ǰֻϵʱһЩԭʼ֮ġȴ˵硣
ڵ磬һ̫Ķˡǵߣе·壬ԼһЩƹ֮Ķ̫ŪЩҲֻӦšֻһЩҪĵطˡֻҪƼٷһ㣬ЩԺȫȫƹ㿪
һ뵽ЩδĿƼȵһжٽϵҲٹעڽһЩ޵ĵλˡ
ǵص㣬ҲڸһﴩԽѧϰǡ
ΪˣԽҲǴ󷽵ĿһѧԺѧԺΪһ˲ĳġܽһѧԺˣԺĹδ貵ġ
ĽݼҵļֵܣȫһѧԺѧ뵽ĽݱDЦˡ
ˣǸһžۣձһһ𡣡
Ϊֻʧ٣üÿյʱ򣬶꣬һžһء
˳Ҳ˵˵ҵеĳЧ
һȥʦǱ߶ʦе΢ලųҩС
һᵽһʦ棬СЩơ
ʦǼĶ飬μġֻʦһ壬ƺԽԽˡ
ϲʦ棬Ҳ̧ܣżתʱϲʦ滹һȻԶ



ʮ£Ҫѧҽ

磬ҲٴڼҪȥѧҽĽ˵Լľ
ֳһۣ򣬡ԣҽԸѧһѧ
ţһڸžѧˣֻǾ˵һл˵Խ һ˺棬԰˷ҲԷһЩһҩӾȰ˵ȥʦһλƢԹŹֵΪʦ
ֳ֧ľҪʦǸŹʦһҡͷ
У֪ı̬Ҫʲô
Ľνͷ֪˵Ҫʦ£ƯŮӲɡŮӻùԣõϱ
ǰʦֱǱ̬ϱҪ󣬶ңǸ˳ôѿСôܸ
ըˡ
һ뵽Ǹ߷޵ļһòֹСòʵʵ뷨
Сһֱ˱ļá
ǰڼҵʱСóԵֵġ
Դʧ֮СҲûôθڣȻڲ˵ȫһ˶⼸Ҽңûп˭СôƯ˵ġ
ڱ۳ļϵСȴҪȥԸǸ˹ֵѧͽô붼
磬ƯܵôʧƯܻʦ彡Ը⵱һ˹֡ĽĻüĶĬˡ
ߵһȭͷϣɶôһȥѧҽء
⻰԰ȥѧɡĽ迴磬磬һֱûˡ㿴һû⣬԰쵽ȥɰ첻
ŪĸأǾǲˡ
϶ǺڴһпССãȥ϶Եġ
㣿Ľ迴ҡͷڽ裬е緽涼ѧļãʦʱҲԼˣһλ˵˵ģ˲ȤҪҲȵģƯСŮˡǣûһǺʵġʺϵľң˵ˡ˭ϱǵǾΪСǱǸԸĨίȫô
գգۡ
һ£ֳ뵽һλԻʷ
Ҫ˵ɣü˭
ǷĽ費ɰ
СССʱ򣬾͹龫ֵģ޺ܰʰѵķ
һȺĸǣǱĹԹС˵ˣȴĽ費ˡ
ðɣ˵ôžôŰɡ
գ綼
ѯ˾裬֪ʦżĽҲ͸һ̤ȥǸŹִԽ˵ĵط
ǰޱ߷Ũ棬һ˫۾͸ճԼϵʱĽֻü̧ͷԹɵĿ
ô޺ƯĲ󻰵ˣó¶ӻǴ±״̬С
е㲻ţҪҵͽܣ
ǣҾǱͽܣѧҽ˵Ǹϱѧҽٹʱ䵱ô
Ӵιˣ¶ͱСãȻȷʵƯˣһûƯۡеֻô̤ʵİѹáڿﲡ˵ʱҲû˻ΪСŮһĴڣͻٰȥҪǹӲҽֶΣġ
ȻòҲռеȻǺǣûΪĵԣ෴ģ侲ָһϵе飬Ľ谵Եͷ
ʵЩ꿴ΪԼԵˣĶľˡ
ôһԼǵļһȻѿһ㣬Ҳǲܺġ
֪ҲУк³Կʱʦ԰ߡʦھͿʼôҪЩʲô
¶ᲽŤߡ
СԹԡ
ĽݱDü˳ӡ
СԹԡ
ӣģһȻ٬ĽгСáоڵϷԼƯСһ
ȥѵǼһСʱͷñ񾯸档
ԭڵĽݱD˲ͱСõ˻
ðɣʱһ
֪ǣߵļҴҵĳ¶ȴʱһĨЦ
Сӻʶ࣬Ǹҳ֣ضһݺݵĽѵ
СڴԽ˸ѧҽ˺ŷµۻʱ䡣
ȻҲҵġ
һԴڸۻᣬ̫ˡ
ǰ͸Ѿͷ˵ˣˣ˶༷ʧɢˣһĹҲܾһġ
ϾȻһׯҲ࣬Ҳʶ·ģ߶ˡ
绹СѾͷҲǣһʱֻǿʵͺСõȥ



ʮһ£ǣ

ʵҲҪѾͷǷֿġ
ʵ̫ˣôҼټˣƣϷﲻıȺȻȻľɢˡ
ڱΪĴǰӿһӱס
ͷŷʱٺһЦһ˫۾Щӵһ߶
СѾͷȥ
ô֪һ壿
һֱô˺ú÷ģ뵽Ҫ˽塣ûгأ˼ֱӾԷΪ塣
Ҹͬʮˣ
ŷҧ
ѾͷƬӡ
Ϸˣݺݴ
һСཱུģ۵ģǺ촽־Ļš
ȣС壬˵ʲôٹ
ˣå
⻵һҪҪôƽϰ
Ǻǡ
ݺݿס֣ٵĵطȥЩ֣ûҪգǷֿһЩбҪ˽
ҲǼõģ
ڱԼ˸ֳţĻҪʸ⡣
ҲԹԻش𡣡ţһӶҶǼõġҲٻңǴһ߶أô룿
Сſ϶Ҫ͸ȥġ
һؼҰһЩ鴦һٻصһ𡣲翪һ̣ʱæշһ
ɵãʹһҲء
Ҽֻ֪׽ŪΪ꣬˷ʱ;Ϊ˲·Щɡ
һ˵ˣķһѡжȴõȡˡŴһ䡣
ȻıпɣСΪ˽ǹвһʳ֮ġҪһЩɫʲôģҲǿ԰쵽ġ
ˡ
Ťͷһô졣
̫ˡ
Ȼ衣
˼ǳŮ˺òá
ţҼǲĳ谮Ҫôٴȥһ˵ҲвʺСĵطءһЩũŪСĵط
ŷ¡
ܻһ͵ɨȥٸ˵ˡ
ŷҲ̫ݣڨڨӣҲá

ڵϷԼ֮һ˵ı飬ɰһСĸζŪͨͨġ
״̫ãҲʮˣΪ˵ףҪô죬ȵʮȢ㣡
ۡ
һ£ֵɪˡ
ٺ٣ССĵϾ
ں˰ɣҪףٺ٣Ȱɡ
ɪŷﻹƵס֣ݺݴ˴С
ѾͷƬӣ˾Ҫ˼Ҷˣ㻹ôɪġ
Ųϵء
Ҫ˶߾Ͷ¡ٹҲһС˧
ҡŷŭ
ѾͷƬӳûأҪɳġ
ȦٺúõĹ
ôţС尡ѲɻҪҳ󣡡
㣬Ҹ˭ȥŷࡣ
˭뵽һδԽ˵ݱô
һСıһġ
һӴģһСġ
һҲء
ɵãһͲˡ
С尡һأ˲˵϶ǷĪȢҲ㲻޵ˡأˣͦصģܵ˿Գ׵ͣʮ꣬߼Ż׵ġ
ŷҧвСѾͷƬӣҿԺȷĸ㣬ʮס
̯֣ҲаӴС㣬ڿʮʮˡҲ˵ǼãͣҪôǳˡҪôͶˣأڲ׸ס˵δǰ
һΪӣȴŷºˡ
ΪëѾͷСˣǿô෨
С壬ҿɵԼ°˶ʲôɶݺģɱҲٸᡣ
ųѾͷСŷµһˡ
ݺݵĴ˴ԴϣѾͷ֪һ㳤ġ
ðкǿ˺üӵˡ
һẢǣ˶Ĭˡ
Զ໥׷Сǣˮ
һǵĸҡӣСɻˣ׽ŪССǸƵģ˶ٴεǻᱻŪϵϵСȻӡˣɻǻ᳣庮˵ҪһʢĹһ𳤾顣ĹȥҰܲҵأԭģǹȴҪ̫ʢĳɳˣҪԺöĿ
һẢǣ˵ء
Ҳʱ֣ⷢԭڲ֪Уǵǣһ֮ࡣ
ˣģȻţһؼҵ·
һôǵĸԶ
ԼļңеǵǡʦǣǺǡ
ŷ£˵ôˣ˹ءСӣС



ʮ£Ч


һλƽʱճСˡ
;СģǿҲǼÿȤġΪϲСӣǻֺÿ
ⲻղ˵òˣˣһұ㷢缸˵ǸСӣȻѱøˡ⻹˵ãҹԼˣޣȳһȭͷ˵ɡ
ŷڶ黹й·滹еġҪ˵ܷ治СƫƫԼҵļǴܶŹмҳġ
һ׷ǰŷ׷Ϣȡ񿴲ȥֻ˵һ䡣
ҶˣȥҳԵİɡ
ȻǸڵС׶ǣСתҴȥð죬ҵطԾˡ
ŷӴôԼСﵽĶôܻӭءǸ˺޵Ļզġ
һںŷ»ǲòؼһˡʵ簢Ī˵ĸڼӦһʵǳĺܣΪǲŪġ
ңٻ
¾͹ˣţҲࡣڲܵ߶ͲϷǵϸżҾС
ڲǰһŷµʱҪһеѶȵġֻҪһʱ䣬Ǻܿġ
Ȼᣬһεջ٣Ϻŷ»ĵġ
ԭһںҲҪܿһ뿪ȥԼɽׯʼģΪǰӦ̫̫Ҫ飬Ҳǳ
ĸǰǽǵصķϰߣ˳ʹҪ˵ЩСԡһμǣдԵģдһЩĴ˵С֮Ϊġ½ŸֳʳзģǳĸԴˡ
Ůı֤̫ϲ͸ˡ
ǣҼ˵Щ϶ܳɵģȻ˵ܳɣǾ;ԿеġôˣС壬ȥŰ棬ӡˢ
ĸⶨۻûʼأôһҲö۰㿴ⶨǮʣ
̫Щ鰡֮ļ۸ ¾Լļϱ
ϴҵģЩ¶ӲϤǰæıһ£ǶǮĺʣ
ʵڴ̫̫飬ҲֻһĶۡ
Ǻ˼ҿģ˵أۣܶ߰һ˼ڰҪ˵ɣɱӡһأǵöһ飿
߸Ͻ˵һҪٸͭǮۼۣöٲˡ
ҲãٸͭǮ۳ȥҲ׬ǮءһٸǮǮʮҲһǧͭǮһٱǿɾʮӡţ̫̫׬ʮӣֺһأӦǼõġ
Ǻǣ˵ôžôŰɣǲֻҪҵ鰡Ҳˡ
Ѱ˼̫̫Ҳ֪İôϹ飬ʵǸϿĵ¶⻰Ҳ˵
ףһٲô۵ġĸһ飬ǻ½ļԶҲ̫ˡٸͭǮĸҲ׬˼ǮҪ˵ɣŰٸͭǮɣٳҲǼۣ
šŰ١
ĵɴۡ˵Ѿͷ̫˰ɣ̫̫һûҲûɶĻˮƽˣ˼ϹдһЩС£бЩģŰٸͭǮ
ǿ̫̫һġʵ̫̫ĹǲôʡǾõɫ֮Щ½ϵص֮Ľղܰ
Ҫģǹ棬вٵʳʳμǣ
֮Ľ鱾û򣬿϶Ҳʵ
Ҫ˵õĶҲǲԵġһհɫ֮вٵĿɿԵġǳμǹȥˣǳʳȥģҾöвСгȻҪôǵӡˢгķӦô֪
̵Ӫ˶Ǻܿصġ
ǰ̫̫ĥԼͲˡһ˵һ͵ŰٸͭǮ
Ҳö࣬Ϳʼָͷˡ
Ӵι˵ѽӡĶˣ׬ͷСأ
ľЦӦǿɲġһǧᰡͶûôˡ׬ǮӦһ˰ɣ
ͷԵģļ۸ĸӡˢٲᣬ濴۵ٶҪҪټӡǶҪ黹򵥰
ֻҪһ׵İǶˣҪӡҲࡣ
飬۵һжˣۡ
ȵѺŷº̸ʽӪҵʱ̫̫Ҳ档
Чôȫѽ



ʮ£ȫ

ֹ̫̫ţλ裬Ҳǽŵĺܡ
̫̫۵ĲãһҲûǻñѪͷΪԼλϱˣһΣ̫̫û˹Ǿ˽Ǯˡʱٻˡ
ЩǮôϱĺһ˼һǳġ
һ죬Ҳвٳ˵̫̫ˣרǰЦ
УȻҵλ̫̫
Ǻǣ浱ԼǸأͳ飬ҪôףһҲȥơ
ǰҪ˵ɣ̫ĸǲģǰ뱲ӰЩ꣬ҲȷʵҸˡ˷˸ȫ˵ţĵԼ죬ȫǵĸ˶ءǺǣҲԼһûͷϳɶġ
һȺˣ̫򡣵ǻɳһЩȥ̫̫ͷǽһ£̫ŵν棬ǽЩɶ
ŷ׫дЩμһ۵棬ӦǺġ
ǣ̫̫һ飬ֵġû취Ķడ
һΪ˴̫顣ǸҲΪ˴һ顣
ǰΧűμǵˣһô˴һ̫̫д飬ֺˡ
ɶ飬һ˶
μҲ֣Լ滹һءԾμҲɡ
ǰڵû˹ءһӴιеҲˡǼȻˣٶ𼸱ɡ
Ҳ޶ʱġһֻܿǰһ¡˼Ҫٿ˻ؼɡ
вһӴιμǣϰףʳ񻰹½һءпǰŷдЩμǵˣſžͷ֣ʳμ棬ȻǴİ
һСһֻ֡Ҫ㶨ˣĳʵĹ£ܱ˴һһĲ˻ǵ֮ġڼ򵥵Ĺ棬ᴩЩصķ֮ࡣ
һ˶ˡ
һ񣬺üһǱ˵ʮҳ
ٿ滹ûĹ£лòĸ㣬ѵ鿴ĵʱˡҪٿţ˼ǮɡؼңٸͭǮĺöҪ󰡡
ȻþŰٸͭǮҲˣǻвС֮󣬸ɴĳǮμˡ
ٽ˵飬ۡҪģѧһЩҲϲġ
ǺͿһ벻ĳ
Ԥ۾ͻһ㣬˵̫̫ûˣͲ飬ǱǸ
üһģһĹǱ߰˰ˡ
ȵһ˼ơ
ǵһ˶ٱٱĸң϶Ρ
̫̫⼫ˡ
ǰСҵĸӴˣһȺëûСӣĿҲġ
Ĭ̫̫ôɪ˭
۳ϡ
ʮĹ̫̫Ȼһաһ״õ̫̫Ҳļǫǫ
ѽ̫̫۵ǳϵĺӴҿû뵽ԭ߻Ǳôһѧء
ǺǣȫǿҲȻҲЧˡ
Ͽˡ
̫̫һǳ׵ͨˡ
ԭΪһǸеģĳ˼ת۹鶼ˡ
̫̫ºһһֺ̫ǵǣӺת󣬾ȻҲҪд顣ԼĻóĵӡһ֮󣬿ǺöֻǷһҳҡͷ뿪
ׯȼٵ̫һ¶жˡ
ɲ֪ӳҾͶ㰡ǺǣʵǺǫ飬Ҳĵĺôɵãһģİ
Ц
̫̫ǻԽԽᰡ
ѾͷĸŮҲвˣô
ĸũׯųĹ㳢ʡ
Ӵιѣſôġ

һյɫľҺŵǰɰ̫̫ϲ͸ˡ
ţеǱ߽ⷬưѾͷȻŵľƣҼǵò־ǱҪŵġ
΢΢һЦһ߶춹Ͻӻڣ˵ˣС㷢ġ쿴ˣ͸Ͻ㳢ʡһ죬ʱȫˣ͸ľүүǶһЩȥ
ĳԾˡ



ʮ£ĺʹ

ȵ˺ƺ󣬸ǳĬ
˺ð죬οԼŮ
е⣬ΪʲôҪЩȷʵǺܲһġǷչˣҲȷʵܷư
棬ڲҪƣҪһЩ˼顣طĵʵܷ࣬һЩµֲҲǼõġ
ֱͷ
ʱٿ
ת۾ȥһ꣬Ҳʮˡ
ʮͣ˵׵ʱ
ǰٷһˣϽſұá
ɳŷ£ԽţٲƼǰģǿһԶڿϷСŮˣҡͷɫ
治֪ôôִŵķǵõҺһҪ֪ڿǺӶˣ˵˳ͦʵߴģ⴦ôһֱСһأ
ըˣŷٺ˵˵Ҳһ㡣
ԴҲֱӰεҡ
ļҪͱöףþһء
⼸Ҫɣ񲻵òվ
λ磬ұҪһʵʵҺǰԩңһˡ
סԴҡͷðôôأ˵ǡ
磬ҲòҲգЩȷʵģǱ˴ȷʵһ߸˨ŵġҲţҺǱҪһġ
ִţʵԼˡҲֻòָ֡˲ŷµ鷳һջŷ»ԼŮĳƺŶ
ҹڻ԰죬Զܿ˵ǶԵģ̾һ
ˣС죬Ӧÿô
ܿҡͷ㲻ЩѾͷЩŹôƺһЩһİţ
Ѿͷһۺӣ˵ķ仹ŵƣӴܿһ˵ӰǶ
ЩСȷʵǺ𾪵ġ
Ҫֲ֪ͬ飬ٳ˷˺үĺ顣뵽ҵүЩͷ˵飬춹̾˭뵽ЩһֱľȻүүҲΪһֱԸȢ
Сհ˴ٺһˡ
ԽԽģڻ˻еļ󡣲ٿڵķˣҲ
ǰܿһţǸһ
ԴһʳɹЩһֱֶ
ںүһ𣬸嶼µĻܡ
˼ԽԽϣɵãԽԽᣬϲǻµĺӡǣȴԵĲˡ
ˣ̫࣬С㲻һֱô
㰡
ܿһ뵽ԼǸΣľһֱ̤ʵ
á
Ҳеڶ
һСҪģڣδҲĹ
һҲҹ鷳׵Ľ
ҺҲ֪ʲôɽ鷳
ֻǣһһֱһΡ
ʼΣֻһģӡһӿֵ˵ܺá
ξ˸ࡣ
ǻεһվһ˱һŹֵͨ뿪硣
һ뵽ǸξľͲѡ
ˡ
˵ĺܿϽȥ
û˯ء
㡣
˾ţܿɬĴͷһ𣬿ǲϰ߱š
ңϷˡ
͸һġ
ʾ˵Ҫǵ˵ˣҲôáãٳǡ
˵һ뿪ǡ
֪һΣүϽ§Ϲ룬һ𳤳þõġ
СﲻģҲԼĻס
ΪҲ˸
ֲǿˣԺⱱҲֲˮһιû
ŷǣ֣һЦ
ʱһһʹ
·౻ʲô˺ݺ߬

ʹгǰͻȻ両һϵˣĿԶ

ʦҪʦ㲻ߡ
⾰һζšȵ״̬ѹʱ˶ڵء

ε֮ǰֻŷ²ϵĺţ˸ں
Ƥóأֱ˵УôҲѲ
ѭ˿ռ磬һȴȻ֣ԼȥܿǾŮ塣
ԭôõԺСѹˡ
أʲô



ʮ£

ſռԼ񳹵׵Ļˡ
ǵʱҲҲ
أֻ꣬ûˡǾȥ˺δ
ǰȥ˺δ
Ҳʱ򣬴ӿռһֻ汾İɫôһСС޺ȴ֪ǿռ֮顣
ָˣ
Щʱռֻ֮ʱʱϵڱģȴҲֻǵһЩϵ
ţָˣ벻ӵǰ壿
۾һӵɴ󣬺ˡ
㣬˵ʲô
˵벻ӵǰһ壿
룬ǣ֪ôˣ
̾һһֻɫ󣬿һȴԻĺܡ
Ѫٻ˵ǱٻŴһͨҪִͨһ·ģ;ҳһЩ⣬һļһҽһЩڲ֮£òʱץһ·˶ȥңЩΪǼһﻹȻ˺ˣһֱ˽׶Ρ
ڣǼһ㶨ˣһٳңҲӵԼ塣ǵһ壬Ҳ޸ˡ
˵꣬ƺЩΡ
ЩҲ˲һֻôڱٻʱ򣬻ᱻĳҶϡңҡôоеֵֹġ
Ǹ鷳ļһǲǴԣŮˣ鵽˻Ǳֲ²ġΪԼһԭ
ȡֻεĿһ
һ͸ȷˡ
һԭҪ򿪵ͨ磬ȴΪһ¼Һҵɷһˡʧ֮ã
˵ޣҲܡ
ϾúõһŪ߰ġ
ɶڲŬֲôҿԴӦ㣬ȥӻλʦһһٵķʱҪʮҲǿԵġ
ȴ۾һתʮ꣬ӳʮ꣬û˵
ʵϲʦһ˵ͣʵ㣬Ҳ߰ʮˡʮ꣬ҲʧΪһ顣
ֻǽ̵ӣܲʮԺȫԼ˰ɡ
ƺûƢ˭ԼǸһ
Ҳôˡ
Ҳã̵ǷӣʱôҲֻǵ顣ǰҪӵͨڿô
ִǿǴԽǴԽĵط
Ǹĵطһֱں׶Ρ
ȥִιһǾͲһʱˡ
ԡ
һν鲻ãɴľʹӦˡ
ȵŷҲŪ뵽һռ磬ٶȻָǰòʱ˵ͻǱڵĶʮͶʮꡣã̫
ĿԻؼˣ
ȻЩ껹ǳȵĺܣһ뵽ҪصǰļңŷҲǼѡ
ţҪؼңǵð鴦һ
ˣҪһЩ¶ǴˡǾ߰ɣʱǻԺǼһ档
ƺܸʱ䣬ҲҪſǡ
ԶǺĲٷԡ
ôżһҲеʱİɡߵǣ治ôס
Ȼֻٱʱ򣬰Ѽ˵ҪǼ뿪ܿĸ˲ϵ׷š
еŲϿͷƺ˵֮Ļ
飬Ū˵ħֵôߡ
ȴҡͷ˵ˣھͻ˯ʱһйǵļ䶼ʧӦȥǵĺӣҲѹ⣬ҲռǶŮıɣֻԭŵˣҲǳһ㹦ѡ
⻰˼Ҳ˵ǻǵ壬ٻһʱ䣬Ҳǻ̫õġ
ܻã
ǲ⣬ٻʮû⡣
ǻá
Ȼʮ꣬ǰֻüʱȣǺࡣ
ȷҪһôһԽͨʱ򣬿ɲǵķԳܵסģ
Ļ÷ϱۣಡ
ռ󣬽һƹܵĺɫ
ۿɼٶȣͻȻ俪ʼϰֱһһ״Ķ
ԼиС̧ͷգͻȻ侪Ľг
ѽҿһԲľӣ氡
۾˦СԴٶĪ˵ľӡ
ԣоӵģǾڷɡһһֻվ档
⺢ӣǴĺ˵˵˰ɡ
ԼҲŹǷתһ̧ͷһز
Ҳ֪ô¶;úƵģʧʲôҪĶһ
ܿ˵ĻҲ˺ð죬һֱͣ
۵İ§ڻĪ㻹źء
ţޣҾǾúʧҪˣȴ벻˭
ҲƵĺܡ
ʵҲʧҪ˶ĸо벻úöģʧˡֻ˸һӣҲû롣
ͬģһ棬һĸ˰Դ֣ôú췢˲õ顣˰ˣȥǺӰɡ
û֪˺ü꣬ŲһļĦǣڼȻ뿪
Ħ˼䵱УҲֻǾúʧһҪıԵȴôҲ벻
·ֻ˯һĹʱֱյĽġ
ͬһʱ䣬˶ѹ

Ľ޵һѹԺϲָǰĺϡ
㿴ǵĵطǻˡ
һµ۾ǰĵطĻѽߣϽȥҺǺʦǣҲ֪ǹȥ˶ꡣǸأ
ͷҪٻǰĽ飬һ飬ȴֽʧˡ
ӵпռġ
һֽ
ռ棬һֻСС߶һֽ
һݣ˵һΪЩ⣬Ը⳥Ϊм±ҪȥԲòһߡ
Ӧǵͨأƭӡ
ˣͨʲôģԺл˵ɣǻȥҺΪá
Ҳ֪ôˡ
λʦˡ
һֻҪ˾ͺ޲òϳɻؼҡڽ黹еĵģ˶ĵط̫Զ
˲̫Զǳ棬˵˳ʱı仯ҲǺһ
ȷʵǰĵط
ƣиɫĲϣͬʽ·Լʽһ¥һ׵¥Ҳǰ¥Ǽٵġö˼ҶһƽԺ
ڣԺӵ¥ֵ
ĻˣǰĽݸˡ
ǡʱŷ¿Ľݸˡ
ܿϤˣǰ򽻵һˡҲǱˣǵĽݸĽơ
ӣǲٰŪǸڹĻʵۣĽݼҵһ̤ʵĹһĴڡ
ƺǲǵع飬ʱ˿𾪣Լϲ
ͺãͺá

߰ɣȥƽɽȥĿһ㣬ܿһʦһ档һʦ
ݺݳ鴤
Ҳһʦʱε걻Ǿǿ°ӳõǣָֻǰŮ
ȻҲһˡ
ߣȥ
Ľƿ˻ŵòٿԼƵ࣬ҡͷǣЩɻã
ԺһЩ
ĽƵͷЩεĺһĽ޵¡һͰˣôҲҪ㣬һ治
ʲôʵ˶޷Ǿ˵
Ͻ߰ɡͷ̫Щ¡
˾Ǵôź
һһĴˣĺС
Щ飬׷Ҳˡ
һãȻòſŴİƣҲ֪Щʲô
һĽ輸һʹĿŴ齵˶
غ˼켸ҹʦ治ԸСѹ޷ʦԸ
˭֪ʦ߶˭ǣ֪ҲˡȥôãҲƼټ
ǵʦ棬ʵģǻǺһġ
ϲʦǶ˵ġЩ꣬ҲԽһ˼ҲͣһЩ֮һֱԸ뿪Ϊ뿴ĸǵĳϢ
Ҳ룬ĸû˵ĺӳˡֻǣϻƣƺԼʱҲˡϻҪˣԺͲһԡ
Ҳ׷ȥһһҲãȻ
ʦ
ĸһҭؿʱȫסˡĻ̌ͷǸӡһģһĸˡ
ţˣԲǵ˼Ź
ųɳΪŮĹϲ
ãĲ̫
ǻˣһʦ棬ء
£ҩ
Ľ޵¸ϽС֣ǰһҩ뼴ڡ
ûҲһϵһʦ˼ͣȻˣʱķȻڡ
ˣҲ˵ŲЦ֡
ʦǻˡ
źǺǡ
һ˵ˡ
һֱڿĵȺţҪٿΧԼϥµǸӡڿľһ׮Ըһġǣ岢ûΪɶ׵ʧĽ޵°ҩעں۵ĸоȴʧŵŵϢҲĵȥ
ϻƣǸԼײ˼ʮ϶ȴϲ֣ǺǡǺǡ
һֱɵЦš
һˣûЩ˵ԸȥǾĻָ
ϲʦһֱӰһ߳µˣ˼Ҳǿ
ˣԺҿɲįѽ
һ˸۸һӾϢˣǰǸˣڳŰɣҲˡ
ʦ棬ûˡӻЦ߽ʵ˵Ǻӣ˵һȺСӹˡ
ĸСԸĴСӴǡĽһҡһԹˡ
ʦ棬̫ƽˣ߳ȥ˼ֻҽ㡣Ϊ˵һǸ̫ˡ
һߣĽݱDҲӡ
ֹ㲻Ǻ͵߳ȥ˻˵ֵܰҲǸӸһ㣬ƤԺһЩôͳ˵ֵˣҪ˭ȥ
һĹֱ֡ӴӴǵ÷ǰһܳȥô˹ȴ۸Ǽִ򣬾Եִ򰡡
ڻˡô򣿡
ȥ£ǣʱֻˡعҲµĹǰӵʱ򣬻ġһֱҪѵĺܣ˭֪һιµʱ䣬һλˡ
˰ҵҪ֪ȥĵطʲôط
һ㣬һϲĲˡ
ǵϲŮǴġ
ҲǴԽ˵һλŮڴǵкȴʧĵطʵǺ档ҲˣȻȥ硣
ΪڿͨҴȥǸԸ
ƫ۶ʦȥҲǡ
ϲĵΪ˵
˭˵ȥģֻȴȥԺٴһȥˡһӴ̫ˡֻǸͨƿŵģȥոպáǰһ˰ɡ
һᣬĸӶҲ֪ԼʦĵطﰡȻôô̬ĴԽء
ǣʦȥԸ˳Ҳ鷳
һᵽ鷳˶Ĭˡ
Ľ裬ɫЩΡ
ʵø鷳Ҳ鷳
ǸͷҲǺġ
ֻô˽˵ǼһЩһĦˣ˵ġ
СѾͷ̾һŮȻŮԵʱˡ
һ뵽Ǽһְ취ŮôҲɵȥִúѧһһﴩԽٰڲһ룬ĸǺ޲÷ַ뿪һƬط
ڣҲûü˵̫á
һ쵱һԺһת󣬾Ȼӵܺϲĳܺ󣬼ھҪ׼뿪طȥǰΪŪ˵ĵضȥ
һֻСѼ˴ռ棬Ҳ֪СצôεģԭȻһš
߰ɣͨһţǾܵﴩԽĵطˡ
ͨԽȥǾǹŴ˴ԽִҲִ֪ô硣
ӹϵԺ󻹺ξһﴩԽǡ
סӣһƿǵšֻǣûļſۣĸ˾ͱ籩û
ʱһǰʻĳ档
ĸֽɭֳУŵļ׿ǳһĳӣŴͣʱ˿ٵĽͨƼȵȡ
ʦǣµ磬ȷʵֵ̽һġ
һЦڳͣº󣬷λָʦһ˳
ȫꡣ

صС˵www.27txt.com ȥС˵
½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ