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ݱǩ ж Ե  Ŵ
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һ仰飺桤ɰ
⣺໥ľ 





1

ﰤõˣһλ˵վߵ̨ϣһѺ£ֽӣָ㽭ɽһţ̨µĿת˽ͨĲͨˣȴ̸Ļ
˼Ĺ£ǽǱĹ¡˵˳ɽ
ͱŮĹҲһһ
˵һЦ˵¿ɲ˽֮ģħ֮ġ
⵹ȤҪ֪ħˮݵģиʲô¡
һλྐྵӵĸ˵ǰ²ඣ˵Щɶֵġ
˵Ӷ˶ƺδ˵ãȴҲ˵ȥ°˵ǰԭһ׮ǹˮһλΪ֪ƹļӡ
¥һλȹŮһСյµĲ豭⻰豭ߵֶ˶٣֮촽촽𣺡Ȥ
ҹϵһ򲻴Ƕλδʱ㱻ָΪ顭
ңס̨Ĵһƺ˵ĲĻ
¥ĺŮǶÿԿ˵һһ̵ıӣɵúǺǺЦһ¡
ˮļԵ̸ȴҲ뵽÷СӲµ֪Уƫƫİ
׵ĺͯʵΪļ񳤵òÿˮϲ𣿡
ҲҲļò˵ҲһģҲѵõˣСЩ鰮ģϲǲϲҲǲϲ˵ԼúЦ
ŮӸоԼλʵ˵Ķˣ
Ůת˵ˣļ͵ܳĽ֦ҶСӣòǳúÿӦñ˵˵ǸˮÿŸտʼ㽫ԼǰһСǰʾһԡ
СӷҲֻǿһתͷȫʱɵͫ΢漴һЦл
˵ˮϲļ񣬿ļȴˮ񰮵˶ĳˮϲһΪ΢ĵСɣļƫƫš
ǳ˵Ǿ仰äĿġ
ʵҲ⣬ļĸĸʱˣˮϵķȻΨһʱǶΪˮȢļΪ޽С檣뵽֪СҰĻˮСһͬıڴ֮ӲӦóΪļڵõ֮󣬽ﻻСɡ
֮󣬿Ű˽Ϊ򸾣ǸλñӦԼģԹ𣿻ˮĺ
ˡ
С˵ˮϲֱ˵ļϻ۸ʲô
Ůְӷо׽ᵽޣǰʲôأ
ǳ˵̰ģֺγǡСɳˮ޺ƺҲ㣬ѹļ񣬼ļ鷳ﰵﳰļ˵޿ˮۡ
һ֮䱻ݻ˵ġ
ļ˵з治⣬һҲδӰԼļְɲ֪ĳļͻȻ쳣ԭļȴ˶ǺͻȻңһһһǡ۴ӲĽļɹǰˣ磬ִһгͷˮ񡣡
̨´΢
һ޿ŮδҲ̫ˡ
ǰҲ񱻶磬ɹǱпɴţɹǱΣĸ˫·һ
۴ҲûԸæǰæҲǵˮ޶ˡ
أʵ
Сɶļλá
ļأ𣿡
ļ񰡣ħ޴ԹΪħΪħļ˽겻ħһλãηļ
¾͸˴еҲµõ˭
Ҳ²ºľ飬ļǲȥǶԹŮˣ̨˲²⣬ǲɱǶԹŮ
˵ҡҡͷ˵ļҲ칬ޣδˮڲҲֻ뿪磬δĳһļǿ˻ˮСˡ
̨ЩϧҲǵһôϣ䡣
ڵļʲôʱܻܣųĳǶΪ졣
̫ѹˡ
Ǵ죬γ죿ʳ⡣
˵ĲԡСӱӣźŮӵĹӡ
Ůһ˵Цﲻԣ
֪֪ħ֮ǴˮСڵĲԭȡ˵ǲ֪ΪεûҪǵԼ뿪硣С˵ţ۾ֱֱؿźŮӡ
ŮٽСӴͷβһ˽ĳλ֦ҶСӶϵĳλ֦ҶСӡΪӣȻ˵ʲôԭļˮСһ˲ŵԴ˽Ķԭļ㱻硣
Сֱ˱ֻһҲףΪʲô֪ûɱˣ
¹СӵĻЦЦ˼ƺƮ˺ԶȻúֵܲͻȻˮСɲֵȥޣҲֵ֡žǿ˰ɡ
С죺һΪǷŲˮСתһ룬һǷŲСأ
Ϊʲô֪֮ǰôϲˮأСӽʡ
Ůӳ°ͺһ£شΪÿΡ
Сһֻüë𰸡
ŮЦôˣ֮˽֮ϲ˧粻
СӾЩԶԡ

2

ŮӿѾһյյĺƣ˵ɫСӣؼ𣿡
С˳ſ˴⣬ȷʵѾ˵ƣŮԼȹӴ¥ݣСӸϵҳˣȥ
ҳߣ¹תͷ꣬ĹӸ֪˼伲໹ҳߡ
СӼûӻֵһûȣҲҵһزġ
Ѿߵ˽ϣֵѾҹУůƵĵϲЦϣδǹȴҲйϢ
¹ĻüëأСһȰߵŴǶżȻѰ㣬ɲʲôֵþôĵط
ҲǶ˵ҳˡСӵЩĹĵ˵
¹ӵǿɰĽһԼЦ⣺Ŷţ
ҪҡСԴǵ˵죬
ҪȥҼң¹ЩŵĿⲻ֪Ǹ˵Ľݲ֪ߵغСӡ
Ҫȥ֪֪
ϲ֪δ˼λ޶׵ŵģǳıóԼµСһһӣʱСסԼǣֻ©һ˫Цӯӯ˫
ǰͷǳɫ¹ｫһȺĳں¹˵ȳԣء
¹ӹרڰ۵ζһӴǼ⣬ϲñлл
лЦʲôÿġ
лߵСǰȦһСýˣСӱЩĪ¹Ҳ֪֪ʱڰУлСǰ˵ǿɡӼ˷񣿡
СӱʵĪѼڡ
лЦݸˣ˭ںδǷл䣿
²ԽԶδ䡣
лüë壺δȻǺõġСüȥ˺һⲻñǼԶ
Խ⼸Ϊ֪֪ĿЩԹ֪֪ƺоǡĿ̧ͷӭϣ֪֪Ŀе˼˿İĪǣҲԣ֪֪ʶս
ԽЩЦֲͼŰ
лǱƺҲֳ˽ˣŲԽ繫׸֪֪
ԽûӦ֪֪Ѿһ仰ñǺסһǰ֪֪ı˳˳Ҳһˮ֪֪ȡ
뵽Խ԰ûġ
û˳ȥֱˮǺòᣬָŲԽͻл˵֣
Խǰסָ֪֪˵ֻ˳һֻ§ס֪֪ļ˵û֣ġ
лһ˸һɾ뿴ŶЦŨ˵ҲͦõģɢɢģǽüҲȥˡ
һ˾ôɢˡ
Խ֪֪Ц˻ظɡ
֪֪ԼִӲԽǰһ뿪Խı䣬ô̯ôù¶
Խ֪֪˵ˣȵңһؼҡ
ԽԽ٣һݱǰһ֮Ժƺһǽ֮ƶ
ȷҪȥ֪֪ŲԽ
˼ұҵļңȻҪԽЦˣƤ֮С
͸ҽ
Խ֪֪ţѴŹת֮һɢźḻ̌ĺ䣬ͬʱڴϵı֪֪֪֪ĿʱЩ⣬ƺҲһ轵
ʲôԽǶ֪֪Ц
ٸƤЦ˭ģ֪֪ʲԽ
Լ˼Ҫ˭ɣȻԼ
֪֪ȴ̵˺޳֮ˣһ²ԽСȵǲײĲ𣿡
ˣұˣ˴ˡԽ΢΢̸һȷʵûҶ˵ҳߡ
Գ𣿡֪֪
ԽһԼĶش˻δδԳš
֪֪һʱеֲǰװɵ컬໹ɵļɵĵùӣ
ʲôʱߣ֪֪ʵҳܲһӰɣ
ˣҲߡ
֪֪˺Уߣ
ԽƲƲ죬һҲƽƽƫƫεòȥɵÿ˺üǴҲã˽ӣ׵ۺﲻͬĸĸ绹۸ңҲȥ
֪֪һ£ŲԽ۾ʲôôһ˲Ĵ룬Ҳôһ˲䣬ľȴɽԽϣȵѰ֮ʱߡ
ԽĿʹŹ֪֪͸¶Ż䣺á
֪֪ת֮ʶ˲ԽһȺĶ˼
ԽͷһǰǺİһ·ƺڻģȺ͵ģԽЦллˡ

3

׼ʱ̡
ڶȶǱҪ֮ﵫ֪֪˼Ҫ͵ϰߡʱȴ̨ǰѡ
֪֪Լ°Ϳǰ̨
ڿʲôԽʵ
𣿡֪֪ʵԽӦòᣬȻﲻģϾҲϽ֦ҶСӣֲġ
ԽȷʵҲⷸѣתһ룺㲻ƽճʲô
ƽҲʱһȥ˺ȥǼҳԷҲûΪԷ֪֪ʵ˵
ԽʣΪνղȥ䷹
֪֪Թ۹⿴Խ˵أ
ȻǶһ˲˼ƽԼԲҲ͹˺ЩӻҪһ˲ԲȣܿǷ̫ࡣ˵ǴԽȥ䷹ˣʲôϵԽһ޹ϵΣԻԼ԰ɡ
Խ֪֪򵥵ĶһǻһģòóԾûа취֤ˡҸոѲһƺҲûС
ԽԵĻ֪֪ͦȵģϾһ㶫ҲʲԽҪʲôʳģ
ͼۡ
Ҽǵǰ͹һңͼ˵˵
˵֪֪߳˳Խһ߳ȥֻߵԺԺҲ³ͷҲֻССɫĹʵ֪֪һӶŲ԰ʩ԰ӵ¶Ⱥܿ߷·߰µ죬СҲתԲ
ԽϵԱ˵ۣ˺Ǽأ
ڲԽĿ佱֪֪ãõ˵˵˵
֪֪ûһξ뵽˼ҵļ⣬ʱļǶԼ֪֪˽Ųѡ
͵𣿡Խ
˵ǳ͵ǽ趮𣿡֪֪ǿҾ
ԽЦȻ俴˼ҼһСŮֱֱĿ֪֪׼͵ӣ뿿ԽһƣӻСŮݣСŮͷֻȥˡ
ǵÿˣҪȻñˡԽ
֪֪æͷ˵ãһ־òԾҶ˵ⲻ͵ˣô
ŶðɡԽЦ
֪֪ԼֻЦ٣ϺѽСԸ͹ˡ
⼦˵Ҳ֪֪һۣ߰ԼĶˡ
԰ֻӦòҵĻ֪֪òԾ
Խ֪Լ˶ԼסЦɤӵˣΪֻ
֪֪ԼеţȥԽ˵һֻĸġ
Խһܵļָһֻ֪֪
ҿ֪֪ۼҼѸ˵СŮݸĸ˵
δЦŮ֪֪˵ʲôأ
ۼҹ¸
δ˺һ
СŮδĻ˵֪֪㻹һúÿĸ硣
磿δɻ
СŮͷǸ֪֪ˡ
δˣСŮԼҵĴ滨Ĳͷ򣺡ǶĺѽۼҺ滨Բ࣬ˡҵĵҵģҸ˵
㣬ɲ֪֪ǰһֻ˵
Ȼǰֻһֻ֪֪ȴо˼Σĥµһŵ
Ҫ㻹𣿡֪֪Լָͷʵ
̯̯ԼĳʾԼһŶûˣָָһֻʾӦûУֽ֪֪ħצһֻ
Ըõ֪֪ͲԽһؼңݸԽ˵Ϳˡ
֪֪һԿŲԽʢ棬ȻʲôıȲһ뵫ǶһС˵ҲǺܲ׵ˡ
ԽϷԡ
֪֪Ǻһһоֻζ˵㣬ζ
ܺóԡ֪֪˵
ԽЦ˻û½ˡ
ζζȻҲˡ֪֪ʵ˵ܸоԹ
Խ˵ЦЦǷϲҽԺÿ
֪֪ЦˣɵѽٺóԵĶҲⲻסԡ
Ե㡣ԽԼӸ֪֪
֪֪ͷԣϤζ벻
Խϴ룬ԭ֪֪˵ϴԽûӦ֪֪Լ԰ժժժżȻ̧ͷʱ㿴ԽڳӰСͦõģԺȢһˣӦû˺ܺãҲ΢Խʱ̧ͷ˵Ŀýһ֪֪Ц֪֪Ҳ㿴ЦӯӯֻǺÿҲǶ׾̫˱վǳȵĿ⡣
ϴһ⡣
ֻһŴ֪֪˵¹ﱧµıӱ죬ʹ̰ɡ
ʱ̣ʵҲ΢ȣʲôڵ˯ҲܣԭΪСӻ²ϣû뵽ˣǺСӲ̫һϵС˼ȻҪ˯ϻð춼ˡǵ÷ҵĴƢͦġ
һ䷿ֻʣ΢һյСơ
֪֪ڴϣŴʵܴ˯Ҳû⣬ƽڵϵĲԽĵ¶ȵһ㣬Ӧòȡ
Сӡ֪֪һȻ˵֣ٽһΣԽ
Խ˸ſ֪֪ô˷ˣ
ڼžҹЩˡ
Ϊʲôأ֪֪ɻʹﲻҲӦûǻԵģ˼主˼ҵĺӶǳοϡ
֪۾Щģ˽ӰСʱǱ˼ģűӻˣ˼ʱûչ˶ԼǱСЬԲ͵͵ȥԼŪԵġ
֪֪¶µģΪʲô㴩СЬأ
ͬĸĸ约ҸȨȻΪѣĸͬҲԽƽ˵
ԽƽԽĻš
㸸أ֪֪ʣ׸׻һЩ
ƫֳ˼䲻Һܺ𣿡
粻ϡҪҪϣ˾֪֪˵
ԽЦᣬ˵Ҳ᣺һǺ硣Ŀתؿ֪֪ˡ
֪֪ôһзŶڲ˵ļˣƺ©˰ĺַŲԽĿڣԼˣ
ʣӲ𣿡
ãѾϰˡԽشġ
֪֪ΪҪ˯תһֲԽķ۾ôģ˯⣬֪֪һæתȥŲԽǾ仰ϰˣӦ˼ʱ򳣳˯ڵϡ

4

֪֪Ժ︡˹£ߣշתһԺ˯ˡ
˺öΣεǰ֣εԲʯǰ棬һ˵㣬ԡ
֪֪֪һˣֻܿµλã뿴ĿϿϸĲӣϿеһ׹⣬˵
ˣˡ
֪֪û˯ѣЩ㶵ĿǰĲԽſεС˭˺һǲԽԼͷԺһЩεƬΣϸ벻ͷۣ֮ܿԺˡ
Եɵɵϴ꣬԰еʯͣĵ͸ʵ⣬ԶĲ񷢳ġȡԲʯϰȺİӣҧ̵İײڣ֪֪òֺݺݿ˲Խһѡ
˯û𣿡ԽʵҧһԲԲĴӡ
ðɡ֪֪ŰӺ˵˯ô
ԽһЦͷһ
˾Űӣ䲻˵ȴҲʲôףһӳֽ֪֪ųԵڶ룬ֻ֪ʣһˣԽЦ˳ԵĻͦģһҰɡ
֪֪һ˵۾ٿԲԽԽȥһæİȥͲԽץסֲõ
ԽЦ˻ûԱ
֪֪ͷҡҡͷֻ̰ٳԡ
ԽҲǴҪ֪֪֣ҲִֵҪȥðӣԶųԻ㣬ųԻ㣬ֻ֪֪ʣµһӿԵֵκɽ亣ζˣ֮ߵ˴ţŲԽһ֪֪еİӣһ̵ſſڣ˵ҿܱϼ꣬Ҫǫó֪𣿡˵Ŵ˴ţδ
վδŮСɵĺܣһ֪֪غһ֪֪㡣
֪֪ӦЦŮԴ
δһͿʰʯĲԽһϲȻѾл˵⹫ʲôģƼ˻ϲǸˡ
֪֪δڿԽ֧֧˵ʲôңҡ
δֽ֪֪ЦҶ֪ˡ
֪֪£֪ɶˣ
δ֪֪˳ӷƿŵһ㻨ҸһЩ⣬ûо˵òŴϻڼͷҡ
֪֪һԭԼ͵¶ˣ˲ʱЩ뿪ڽ͵ʲôδ˵ôˣҹŮһŮͷõ㶫ò˼
֪֪Ǹмлл
δų˵غۼʵģ
֪֪ҡҡͷǱ°лõǰ䷹
ǾСˡδͦ˵ģҲãԺҲԷˡСӿúܣû뵽ǵҵģ£ÿ극һˣүúܣҪһӵĻǵһġ
֪֪ĬĬͷԽԽԾ
ʲôʱ죿
֪֪ɵͷ仰ͻȻͣסˣµĿδ
ʲôɵѾͷǸһİɣδŵ
һ䣬ǡǲ˯һİ
δһİƣ˵Ͷˣ˯һˣԿǻˡ
֪֪еˣզ£զһҪɻˡ
δ֪֪ԥôˣϲСӣã
֪֪ҡͷܺá
δһ˵һֵ֪֪òͶˡ
ǡұ󰡡һǼ֣֪֪ôһڡ
㣬һΪʲôأ˵Сܶ±ЩҪôںСأѹ¶
һ·ˣһϵĽ֦Ҷһǡ
˵ˣҪǼѾͷȥѧˣµʱʱٸһٶʲôòģʱһδ˵žҪߣ֪֪æժһδϣδЦӯӯؽӹ
߳δһںͲԽֵԼСŮСֺǺǵδȥǰͲԽ˵ټδԽߵ֪֪ʵ˵ʲô
֪֪̾һ˵ҪΪ׼¡
ԽһЦ̧֪֪ͷһֻۣСü֮䶼ɢĻ䣬֪֪ɻ˸ʲôﵹǳòУС֮ôǽͰ
˰ˣʱ˵ɡ

5

֪֪ݻһװӿҪţԽʵҪȥĶ
άƽ
ҲҪȥԽ˵Ÿһš
⡰άƽ˵ױ֪֪ǵĶĸȥιΣ֪֪վǽ֮ϣǽǳĵ΢ȣ˻Ц־ǽǴյ΢еŸֻζ
Ҽǵúܾúܾǰļ紺һʣʱļǷģʳ˷̣˵պãɲǼǺá֪֪ųǽ˵
Խ֪֪ͬĻ෢Ŷ֮طѾˡ
СɰϲٻʢĴ֪˼˶Ի۹ʧȥգֲֻգ棿û˹ܹС𣿡֪֪ʲԽѾܾúܾˣҲ֪١
ԽȻ֪֪֪ԵС˭Ȼˮ֮ļˮ֮ޣ˿絫ҲҹȻˮԿټСЩ׸ĿǰҲߵһˣȻû˵ԽΪη塣
ֱ֪֪üʺǼȫҡ˵ãֻҲһ̲ˮš뿪Ƕһѡ
֪֪Զųˣƺ˲Ų߶
Щ꣬ԽԽҪǡ
ǽ֮ϣ֪֪±紵÷ųǽˡǽƺҲ˳ǽ֮ϵ֪֪Խæ¿޺Ů
һƬ޺ڿ֪֪Ⱦǡ
֪֪뿪ǶصԼڵĵطֻ׷һɫȹŮӣӰ˶£󺰵׼ܣ˵ұĻҲѵѵǣ
һƼ¹Ǻˣƴǽ֮ϵ֪֪ͷһ
ˣԽ֪֪
֪֪Ŭ죺СҲоóɣǸħŮŲŮħͷĲɱ޹ͺܺˣȥǺûӣ
Խ΢΢֪֪ɢħϢʵû˻һħϾ˭һħ͵͵ȥ˼Ի˵ĸħŮһ糿߶ҷأĸħһأĸħһ׷ǹʵأ
֪֪ħħ
ǽһλźɫӵƹˤǳɫ·Ůӵ˵ʲô𣡣ĴںˣԲů˵˵𣡡
ǳŮӸˣ㻹ϴҽ첻Ǵϴ
ǣҲϴģӶ겻ãøȥˣûдڵļʲô㣡ֲϴǰļһָ
Ҳ׼˵ұ㣡Ů˵žͳһͳ顣
Խ뿪˵ʲôƼ֪֪ѾһֻŲڳǽҪһԾʵʲô
ǸħͷҮССҪǼƫƫóѣҵĵϴ˿Ҳһѵ˵űԾ˳ǽɫѲƫиոպǳɫȹǰһԶλá
ɫȹüǰ֪֪˵
֪֪ŴǣǰԭΪ𻨵ĵǳСɣ΢ĵ㣿
ƾҲֱұ䣡Ů˵ֻӶԼıӡ
֪֪ǱɫһֱץסǱӵһˣɳɫѹקק֪֪ЦӲôõġ˵ձ˳ɫѹıӣץס˱ֱǶΣʵϹŵĴ񣬡һǶٱޣ
ǼȻϸ֪֪֪֪Цұǻ˵һֱӺݺǳɫѹϣǱԴ֪֪֮š̡ĵƺǹƤѿǳɫѹƺûзӦԼͰһһĨָֻȺѪҺ
㾹Ҵңɫѹ˵˲ƺδܹܴ衣
ôˣոҲЩ𣿡˵֪֪һӻȥոպǴڷһģһλã˾ƺҪմ򴩣ͨϵ˿ڿǻ档
ɫѹҽһʹˡݺݵǰȥѱ֪֪һӽ򿪣Ǳ¶ĲƺһѪۡɫȹƺԼ֪֪Ķֱߣ֪֪ߣ½罫С
֪֪һߵŰɫȹһߵ֪ӽʲô𣿡
ȻȴӲһӶѣʲô֣
֪֪һۣ䣬䣿˵һӴӲϡ
ǳɫѹڵϴµҪͥ״
֪֪Цĵ˭Ʊ㡣
ӵԭΪ³ˣѹգ
֪֪ǵӵǷĴӣȻ˵ӱ굫лһΪ²ѪģὫԼıｻСɣ
ȵཫӶϤɫѹ֪֪糷£ӵԼƵͦõģվ
ʲô֣ɫѹʵ
ⲻֺպȱ֪֪Ҳµģܸ״ҽ֪֪
ɫѹҧԼһƳʧˣЩ񻹳ճչڵδƺһ˷ӦͷͷллŮ֮
Ǵ˷л
֪֪üҿɲʲôŮϽøȥۡ
ô˵æվ׼뿪֪֪ͻȻסϻӵ꣺
겻Ե֪֪ﻯ˼ҩݽӵҩݣУȥĥ˷ӵĵطﻯһӣǿڴˮӣûȥָ֣ͲûԵˡ
꿴֪֪˲ڵϣһڵϡ
ˣл˾֮
ˣȥɡ֪֪ڰ֣Ծ˳ǽڲԽԣԽҲȥɡ
Խðˡ
֪֪ܸ˵Լ°ͣһֻ߰ĿȸչԼë֪ΪβԽĿرá
ӡʩıӡԽ֪֪ŵı˵
ӡʩǷĴӣҲǺпδķ
֪֪պõǰ֪ΪҪСϡ
ű˱޴СΪСɵıãЩģԼ΢ĵ˵Щӡʩߵúܽ
֪֪Խôһ˵Ҳµ߰˰ˣҲ˵˵ַϷһЦӡʩҲΪ˲ùһЦ
ˣ㿴̫ͷˡԽ
֪֪һ̧ͷ̫ͷʣô𣿡
ûؼҳԷˡԽЦЦεüƴƤּᡣ
֪֪ԼһͣӦҪˣҪǻûСû˵ǣϸϸƷһоƺϲá
ؼҳԷ⼸Ҳ˶˵ĿԭǼ
̧ͷԽ۵úܣֻõ˳ĲӣӲʧ͵°ͣԼ΢΢Ĵǣ˵Һ㣬˵ǣãǻؼҡ

6

˵СһͥҵǱ΢ĵҪҪ˵Լܾ۸Ҫͷ
΢ĵü֪С
΢ĵű߿޿Ϸֻ֪֪֪
΢ĵüЩҲûʲôħ֪֪һЩ֪Сˣʣ㲻ǰӡʩıҲ˽˱ҲӮ
ħñӣӶȥϵ˱ġ
΢ĵüûãҺʱ̹ŮҪԼˣһԼǵģӲӲ޴ģ
ѵһ仰Ҳ˵
ȥӡʩֹ΢ĵһڲ
Ҫӡʩô찡
΢ĵЦģǱģҪȥû
΢ĵ˵ȥӡʩ˵ӡʩƢõƼһܻЩֻǹû뵽һ˵Ӷӡʩֱú˰ȥˣûаϧ֮ģκģÿȴҲ᲻ҪҲһһһɽԻȫԼʹӡʩ㲻Ҳֻ̡
ӡʩԼҡϣķòУԽԽƿڴǸʲô˭˽Զҵıӵģ˭ģʲôƤҪʲӣǿĳЩ˵ְ磬Ƿˣ
һԵӵӻעԴǵĺá
֮͸¶òҪĳЩˡ
ӡʩtuiһڣ۵Ĳͷ˵һȺС顣һƺʲôʵǸҵ𣿡
ӵδ
ӡʩһӿܶáһƣǵ·ȥҵıȡ
ӵһǺ߹Ŵ뿪˵ڡ
ӾϢĺˮʣԭƽƽˮȴΪʲôԡ
Ѿʢˣ֪֪߶࣬Խȥӱץ㣬Ϫˮ²ԣ̽ˮ֪֪˵Űæץ㲻㾹ôץҲץţҪ÷ץҲԸ⣬÷ͦû˼ġ
֪֪ڰϪˮԽſźϪ㣬СȻСȴúܣץ³ҲãǺǵĹҲգʮ棬֪֪ǻϲ
ǰЩ˵ѻ¶£֪֪ѵ̫ȻǵȵɣҪʲôأʱԽҪô죿֪֪žüͷԽƼһˮ˹ȥ֪֪ͻӭ浱ˮһӸ˼ѳ֮ԽЦǺǵؿʵʲôأ
ôŪ㡣˵űһˮԽȥ
֪֪벻ףǼôɣֻˮϷʮĺӶôˣԽȴòֺ
֪֪΢ʱԽӰ
ɶ׽Բأ
һ˲֪֪оһ磬кڿٽӽ֪֪ʶ̻Ը޻ӿϮһѴ󵶡
Ӵʵı㻹õͦ˳֡
֪֪һӻ£˫ֱۣ֪֪һ
ıӣ֪֪һ˼µ˴ݡϸϸˣδģԽˡ
֪֪һЦӿΪǹСɱƽģ
ӡʩмЦЦֵרһ˼䣿
רȡҵıӵġӡʩ֪֪ͣǰԶ˺ٿؾСħúܡ
ӵıȻҪ黹ӵģԭԻӣûϵȲԼȡˡ֪֪Ҳ˵ϾӱͲģ˵ϲ˻ǵù黹ֻ´ĪҪ߰˰˵Сɸˡ
֪֪һգòĽӷĵݸӡʩӡʩĵСħȡԸޡ
ԽʲôδҵСŮϲԽ¶ѰŲԽһŸոճԹ緹ˡ
ԽаһãӡʩһڲԽǰץסԽĲԽһԾûóѡ
֪֪벻ӿվ˲Խǰ
ӡʩЦһ£ԭһֱġ
֪֪屻ŵ˵μСŮ˵ؼȥȫ뿪Ŀӡʩϣ
ӡʩü޹أȰÿ
СߵĿˣǲס֮Ǽһûмҽܵ˼á
ӡʩˣЩֱҪƿ֪֪֪֪һӡʩϣûʹȴҲ˺ӡһǱôˡ֪֪ĲԽС˵Ҹطãˡ
ԽʱܿЦ˲˵ֻҪ˾뿪ô˼Ҵˣ
֪֪һû˵ѵŲԽסǱתһ룬ԽĪǷҵˡ
ʵӡʩñӣҪõ˽ּأԶԷʵ˸ӡʩŵԭΪֻ֪֪һСආû뵽ʵǷ΢΢۾˼һħĸʵⷬⲻ벻Ҫһסˣ֪֪ȫ֮ϸϸ֪֪ͻȻͣ˶֪ڿʲôûɵľüĺúõôͣˣ
һüӡʩ͸ȷˣɤ˵Ǹ֪Ǵֻļ˭иıļҷһüͼеģغˣӡʩ͸ȷˡ
֪һЦӺüѽ
ӡʩԼյͻȻеΣˣҲˣ˵׾ǿǷУ֪ſ˵ʲôȴҲһû˵һԼģƺͦ˵ģתˡ
ӣ֪סС㲻𣿡
ӡʩһ۲Խ˵վǻᱻߵġ
ӣ֪ٴνס㲻Ҫ𣿡
ˡӡʩ˵Žʱ֪ӱ޾˵磬ܷӳԸ޵ʹԼҲУԻ͸
֪һЦü䣬ǿļˣӡʩϲӵġ
֪ЦŶԲԽ˵׬ˣӡʩ뿪Ʋס⻶ϲʱżмνӴ˱ޣϲĲԵűǱǱ
ñõĺãȻˡԽ֪Դ֪ĪδҹĶ
㲻𣿡֪ͻȻʲԽ˵ӡʩĶԻҲˣʲôҲˡẦһԵħ
ǲܺµģⱲӶܺµġ
Խסֹ֪°¼ˣµ۷裬֫ʹϾϷĶ࣬ģѧļá
֪ŲţһԽܵ㿪ʼ飬Ҳסˤǿô죿СɾԼ³ô죬
Խһˣǣ֪ؼұ߱˵ҲؼҳԶٷͺˡ
֪ŲȽ֪ԼǱϷŪˣȴҲɲԽ̧֪ͷǰСӣͻȻˣǾһֱɡ

7

ӡʩʱЩƣһԼҴͿŮƵĶָֻţҲӡʩվӡʩôţûкúýѵС𣿡
ƼӬƵԼǰתӡʩӷˣǰЩ۶·֪𣡣ǹĴһץסļԼҴֱ֣ӽһأ徲
ӡʩԼҡϣ˵θС
˵֪⼸òãѲ˸ϵ
ͬУӡʩǸܹͣԭˮ˺ԭļ񶼻˺ӣԭļҲ֪ĸϲЦӯӯӡʩŮӡʩȢΪѽ
׵ӡʩǹĻش𣺡òˣȢҲδɡ
ʱٻõĺӡʩĸ׽̸ŵ˵ģӡʩҲӦ¡
ӡʩĸҲЦǷ޶ģüãǱȻǸõġҽ׼ңҸ˶
ӡʩҲԭļĺԼδӣʱһӣԭļĺԵ󣬴һͬˣ
ԭˮȽǸкȡΪӡʩȺһǶӣͰ͵ģģƲƲˣŲǰģ
úԭļˣȻǸŮӡʩĸӡʩȥԼδӣⲻãһͲ޳Ͱͣģĺܣһ뵽ԼҪӶȹӡʩˡ
죬Ҿд¶飬ǸӡʩڴߣСС֪˯ðģӡʩü̫ˣˮҵĺһ֪֣û뵽סԼ֣ģССģǰĶȻЩҡһĻǽԼָĳ
ȼд˻ֶ鱻ģӡʩĸ׶ʱðɣԾҪʰӡʩӡʩס˵ҺʺϣһԱģΪҳ̫ÿ֪ҲԺ󲻿֡
ϯЩ̿žǿӡʩʵڱ֪𣿡
ӡʩͷ
ԺҲҪһѽӡʩͷ
ӡʩٴεͷζһЩ֣¡
ӡʩĸֻ̾ϢֵĶϱôûˣˮ˵Ǹ˵ĺܶһϱ֪˵ԺӴ
ӡʩΣʳˣӦԭļҪչ˺֪û
Ҫ˵ûУǺڹġ
û˸߹СӻԽԽƯ֪ջ·ʱģǿɰģҲģһ뵽ûչԼ֣Ҳʳָ֪̧֪ͷһۣЩĪİӡʩƿ˵֪֪Լߡ
֪ܾӡʩЩˣһ֪С鲽ܹȥĺţ
ǶЦ֪Լķˡ
ӡʩͻȻˣԭ֪Ӱԭ֪ӦóԼģԽԽͻȻϵˮȫƷôҲǿ޺Ҫǹܣ
СС֪ӡʩҲǸʱӡʩƢ͸ٹԺ
ӡʩѵ֪ܿٺȥһЩսѳҲ磬ÿλ磬ܷ֪ģֱЩԽÿ
ÿ֪һǺܾãֱ֪ü뿪֪ƺǶԼüȴǶСЦǺǵģŶ
ʱħսƵƵӡʩҪǴα֪޹硣
ԭļڵĻӡʩ˵һ䣺Բûչ˺֪
Ƣͦġ֪˵
ʱѾ緹ڴ׼˯ԴӲԽĵһ֪֮һ˯ϾҲ˵Ҳ᲻ôһƽ֦ҶСˮӲĵ档
ǰʱ׹㣿ԽʵӡʩԸеŮ׾ˡ
֪˵ǵûУֻǿױˣмңһΪԼǵˡӡʩ˰ɣͦõġĳЩʱ򣬶֪ԡ
ô˵أԽΪԽδӡʩ֮ʱÿÿŭڲǷ̱Ǹɼܡ
ʱΧ۸ʱȴ۸ңЩʱӡʩӣʱÿҹﶼ͵ĵҵһԺľӡʩ֪ţʱΪԼجεӡʩڶһľͰϡ
Խü˼ƺ֪ǸӡʩеӡʩȫˣҲΪԼ˽ֱӻȨݣӡʩûкɫͲʧ
ӡʩ𣿡֪ͻȻʲԽȻҲ֪ΪʲôӡʩԽãȻǺΪԼ·ϵİʯ
Խҡͷ
֪۾˵ͬ˵Է뷨Բ̴㡣
ԽЦҡҡͷĵô򵥡˵ʲô֪ȵĺ
һ̾Ϣ᲻ţǿҪҵƷ

8

ҲʵеõһԼϲıӣζε
֪ʲôʱһμԸ޵ġ
ʲôʱأ
ˣһ֪ôˣ֪֪ѰСɱ˵ڷͬɵӡʩ֪Ҳ⣬ʱŽǷ˷һƫԺ
ǵøշȥƼһڻӱޣϹⷢžĵʱ֪˵ʲôţ
ıӺúÿԽ̽𣿡
СȻûв˽Ŀ͸¶ŵؿ֪
κǰεһģһ֪ʹҲ壬еżԼԼԼණ
û˵
֪һЦȻԼΪʲô˵ͽ̽
¶ԥǽӵݸ֪˳ֽӽӹ
ˡ
ͻȻˣ֪ԼѵĲԽʱԼһֻֻ֣֪èץһʼеԽԽأӵﶼѪյġ
ҡ֪һھͱ죬ΪԼ˵˿ǻȻһֵˮ֪ſǻ˵Ѿ˯ȳʱ𣿡
ȻΪԼ˯ˮ
֪ԼĿڣͷʲô󷢳СèʰĿ޵ԽȻûϵ֪ڴ߽§ԼЩŵĵοûˣûˣ֪ûˣֻһجΡ
֪סԽ֣ƲסҺܣĿںʹڄ\ҵġ
Խ֪㣬ɫһȣԼʵεʲô
֪˵һ꣬ڻԸޡ
Խ֪˭𣿻ǵ𣿡
֪ҡͷҿҲ֪˭ֻ֪ڷƫԺ֪ӲԽĻʵ֪ƫԺס˭
ԽԴ˵ƫԺ࣬סҲӶ࣬пǵ˵ˣҲпݷõĿˣʤԽĵܾͱˣһȥδСŮ⸨Σ
֪ͷ´ϴһ
˵δҵСŮ⣬û飬˵һǵãҲһԣ˵ǽΪӱˣΨβУУδĻ˵ǽѧõôӵۡ
֪Խ߽μСԺͿҧűʸӳüչ߽һ⡣
ƻݮ֣ͬƻǧٸвݮǧûƻ¶ʮƻÿݮʮݮƻͲݮ깲Σ
֪Ѱ˼Ҳѣͳüأ
Խڌ£峺͵Ķ˵ϸϸһĿ
һһֵĽĿ˳
δһˮСԶǳԣ֪ɰٵƤһھһȤĿǰˡ
Խʣһ֮ʲô뷨𣿡
ȻȻشû뷨
ԽָͷĶͷզأϿʱû
ųһδڵķûѹԲԽĪˣȻһ˵ҡ
֪ЦԼһɰ٣ԽָָԼʾҲҪԡ
֪Դû֣
ԽЦԼûз˰𡣡
֪ҡҡͷĵ컬ˣֵˮóһɰֵٰݸԽ
ԽЦſ졣
֪ӵʺš
ҲѧŲԽӳ֪
֪ǰˣԼر׽˳ӻسĴ񣬶ǾڵСνӷֳݶ̫ķŽ˶˵
õιʳֻСĽĿϡ
δֺţĵһˡ
ιȥˣԽʌ⣺˼·Ҷˣôдأ
֪ЦǸС
ǣҾȫû⣬⡣
Խ˵˵⡣
ָǵ˵ѹһ⣬ƻļΪ죬˵ͬƷֳʱ䲻һҲ·ݳ죬ĶҪʮѮʮһѮȥˣݮʱΪѮˮôͬʱ죬һ⣡
˵ͦеһҲûëȫӰ㡣
֪ͷļǷֵͦġ
ĪҪ˵ұˣϵСļֲأҪ˵ű
úúãűǌˣѧϰôȥɡ֪˵
ֺǺǵ
֪ԲԽ˵Ìļ˵׼ı΢ĵúá
Խְλˡ
֪Ŀ⿴Զɵ죬νѹȾ˱зСǻأּɡ

9

֪һڳǽѲѲӣ޲һֹħĽ磬ڳǽϿųǽʢŵĴ
ͬһĲԽŴӳǽⴵķ磬ʲôˡ
֪Խ
ӷܵ˲Զ˵ĶԽ˵ĸˣǣһƥ·ٶȲӦֻǸպ·
֪˲Խһñǧۡ
һһ֪ͲԽǰ
һͷò˵ѽǰһǣƣǽˣʦ֣ǽȥիɣ
µһӡ
ʲôͷӲˣԼԲĹĵĶӶϵĺ˵ʦǽȥիɡ
ϵ۾һգװû˵Ļ
һʵ˵ʦֵ֣ĻеĻΧͬĳǣһͲʲôõطϸǽϻһŮأ
˽˵űǽһȻһһŮվ棬Ůֳÿ
֪˽һڳԼʲԽǿ
˽˵Ļ˳ŷ˲ԽĶ䣬˵˵˵Ů֡
֪࣬ħֲ塭
ƼǰͷĻЩ죬ٿէ֣֪ǻӺʥʥ
ʶԽʵԼҷ˴֣еˡ
칬Ǹ
Խ¶ֻʱڷҲûλ
ʦ֣Ůֽš˽
ղᣬеʦʦܲϲ鷳ܲˣκ˵
գֺ֪һ
ʦ֣ǺÿŮڽȻβڽʦڻûǰǵʲôݲݰɣҪаɣϼӻĵġ
ͳ𹿰һ˽ͷϣ˽ű졣
ɳɮҡҡͷʾûۿ
ˡԽ˵Ŷ˶Լ
֪ȡϰӣһȫ죬ɢ˵ӳһӣձŽסӣ۾ת֪
֪֣þòʥ
˭ֿЦЦþòС
˽ɳɮС˵ϵϼ𣬺Ҫˡǽ𹿰ͷϡ
˵֪ʶʥģ⻹˵صջѹָɽ£֪ɹǳħ֮ʱʱ֪ѾħЩˣһȥ縴𣬿ҪɱǾ̸ףųɢɢɾ˱ѹָɽµա
ѵһ߹֪µ٣С٣
֪˽Լһſ˴ʯͷһԴѰ˼е죬ϸϸһ˭칬ʥ˭뵽ݵʥѹָɽ޷أ֪ԼҲûõȥ
յ۾ƵִģҲ֪Ϊ˼仰ｫΪһë׹죬֪ʵ£
ЦţĵħСǲһ˽С￴ָˣƼֱʮ״˺üˣȥժҳԳԡ
֪˳Ŀ⿴ӽǽˣֻͷСɫ࣬δɬڣ֪δ졣
޷޷ѾûԹˣ궼ǿӳȸʳǵڵϸãպòһҾժҳɡ
֪ҪԼһЩôԼ߶Զ֪ߵǰϵӣһӱ췢㣬һֺˣ˵ĲУҪԣ֪ժ˼ڻ£˫Ҳѹɽ£֪Լֳӡ
ֵʲôңҲѧԺʱԳˡ
ⲻ֪˵ͷһԼĶ˵ܲܺúóԣ֭ϡ
ĵС鷳ԼҲܳӹҲƽϣ𣬱԰Ļҳһӣ
ɣٸһ֪˵
գԼͳԼζͶʥСֻܽӺ˶еøɸɾ
֪ʲô£ʱеԹ˵һᣬĸ㽫װϺĴɣ˵Ҫͣƫƫװ˵ϺͳͳװǬУûˣĸֲ˼ͬɼ˵ûˣֻҼӰңҹûۡеĽյＷ˼
յصƺ̫ԣֺǵԭʶҡϸϸ˼һƷʲôԾĵطԼĻ۽𾦶֪һʵǰɼң
ǰ֪˵ǰǸСŮ
յ۾ԲĹĵתתСŮ϶ڣôǸʲô֮ùʵ˲ֻļˣһô䵽һħˣ˵ħҲȫħϾȻЩʵЩ֡
Ϊʲô磿ʵǲǶ˷Ĳűĸ磿
Ķ˵ЩֵֹĻ֪ʵԴ·֮رϲȥ¥£䰮ɺһĹ£ձѹôôҲ֪Щ
ɽͷиСӰ߶Щ£ÿζˣȻ˵ȤȤһʱҲͦģôȥˣɽͷ˵ԽԽСѰ˼ӦҪˡԹԵ˵ֿһӡ
֪µӣ⼸һֱӦúܹ¶ɣĳһһ˵ҲƽˮһڼʮҲʧ

10

Ҫ˵ΪʲôᱻɹǱ磬ôҳʱ˵𡭡֪˵š
۾΢΢Ц·Ǹɽͷ˵
ȵ֪˵£Ҳӳˡ֪ɹǸоΣ
֪̾һ˵ž͸¯ﱻһܰɡҪˡ
յС컹𣿡
֪룬˵ûĻ
ȻѾ¿ˡ
ʮ֪ʱʱգժЩӣ˵һ˵ڲȤĻ
ձѹɽµĵٸͷҲڤڤ֮ԤУվָܹɽ·ų˾ˣڶ֪˵籨𣿡
֪̹Ȼ˵밡ʱ޿̲ţŰǶĵĶ˶Ƥ硣
չĴǣ˵ѹȴҲŶݺݵ˵Ҳʱʱ̿ȥǽ췭ظȻĿǰȴɲӮСߣȺӮֻẰȱûãʵߡеĻĿ֪ϣ㱨·һ֮
֪һֱоóձѹɽ⼸һֱδ䣬ֻǽǴԹ޵ҰԲװһĹµģȥƭˣҲŸԶĿġ
֪ʵҪôң
һЦ˵ַҶͷ
֪˵ֻԴԴϵĴ֪֮Ҳһˡ
֪գûɱǷ޶˵뷨ȴѾһо˳ճĵһȥ˸ɽͷŻٸǺˡ
֪֮ǰѹĵطҪ£ôԼҲӦЩʲô£Լ°ͣΪԼ˵ĳǣҲӦȥ
㣬㱻ɮȳȥɽͷʲôأ֪ʵ˸ʳСԸԵɮ˺żϵա
տһ˵ȥ˸ɽͷǸ˵ˣһûء
أ֪ʵʵҲ֪˵ˡ
ֻһСѧ˵˵˵飬˵ҧһӣƺейߡСЩ£Ҿ͸£˹֮ûôҡ
֪²С˵˵ĺŴʥһСµĻĪЩЦ֪Цʵʲô£ʥѹָɽ
̧ۿ֪һۣػļɹǡ
ĬһЦһ統ָɽһ㡣
˽䳯ſڿȥֻϼͷһƬԭ
ΪСĲԽЩƣԼҷ˶죬ȻδʲôԽ֮£ϾУɺò֣ʱƲסزЩ
ƺ˲ԽĿ⣬˿˵ʵСʲôϵˡ
֪㶣һʱ֮䲻֪ôشֻڴ˵ĿδҲ̫裬ȴо֮ϣղԽ˵δŵķ޹ϵһֻǿЦأԼ̫棬һǻΪա
ʵӰ죬»ԼĺãȥֻͨͨһãΪҲϲԼģʵȻǣڲԽԼĺ֪¶塣
Ҳ֪ԣ㻻һ⣺ôС
Ϊ˯һŴϵԭɡ֪شգԽӳ֪յԷˡ
˵̸ʹ˱ϡ
ز˸˵ǲֻʦͽĶҪЩϢ֪ʰµĿͷϢ
ʮ壬֦ͷԲ֪ŲԽվԺ̧ͷĹͦεıϡ֪һ˲俴ʧˣֻиһֱ˵Ǻÿ
Ǳʲôһ㣬֪ԽȥˡָһӵĲˡ
Խ˵¡
֪˼һʫͷ£ͷ˼磬ԽΪ֪ʵ𣿡
ңԽЦ⣬˾ҵļң
֪ЦŪЩĪشϵһҰɡ
ֵط𣿡Խ˵ĬĬ߬Լ֣ڵĵطǼҡ
֪һļ£Խʱʱһ仰ļºܾãЩԥ촽ֺϺüβ˵ԽĻҿż䣿֮ǰĻʲôϵһжԼ顣
ǾͿšԽᶨġ
֪Ͽ˸ı飬Ҿɡ֪һЦоԽסԼ̧֣ͷ죺ɫ
Խ˵Ҳᡣ
õڿͷԼθǱʹĶǱʹġ

11

ڶգʦͽ˱Ҫ·ˣ֪װͷŵˮǵͳǡ
£֪˵ʥ·Сġ
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Խ죺òҪ
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˽ڸɳɮֹ˵㲻㷸ɫ䡣
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˵ϰ˵飬û뵽תʱվ˺üˣЩŵ
֪Ҳŵˣʵĺأÿÿ̨Ͽ˵ɽɽԻԣ֪һֱΪ˵ʮˣûǺӣҲʮ
˵󾪣Լ°ͣǴˡ
մս˵ˣ°ʹ˺һ˵ɫҲƣֻŲҿǻ
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˵ΡΡ˵Ϫ򡣡
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䲻ԣ֪ǴӦˡ
ʦͽ·ţǰͷЩɡ
˽˵ôôʦôأΪ𣿡
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֪ڻؼҵ·ϸϸһ˵˵ԭˣǺöǰߵǳ˵ڴ˴þӣ֪ͨǲ˽ǣֻϪֻһ˵ûΣա֪һˣ˵ðǡǡȱһ˵ӹĵúܣ飬ڱס֪Ҳʹںδָɽڵɽͷˡ
֪˲ΪλǷٶ
洫˵ģ֪Ϫ
Ϫڰ֣洫˵ϣֻǡүүͼҸ˵Ϊ
֪ͷʵΪƽմٺأ
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֪֪ԭ˵黹ôЩ
ϪߺԽ˵˸Ҳŵʶģ
֪˵ʶɣҾϪʶգڰįһɣҲ˵׼ϪҲп׻үүһˡֻ֪û뵽յִôǿ
ƿţֻлԺʯԣ˻ЦվСڻˣǺõš
֪Щɻʵл
ԽһʯϵĶš
лָʯϵߵ˵ߴ磬ʱȥˡ
֪һٿЩ˼̧ͷ˿ԵĲԽԽЦŵͷ֪˲Щ̣ͷӦˡ
лĿŶ˵ĻЦö˽ȥߴ硣
󣬻лĽ֪Χȶȥˣ߷֪˵ԼҷԼȥЩҲ㡣
֪Щ˲ԽЦЦԴƵЦݣʧߵԽĸǰջл˵ȥ
֪վڲԽı󣬵Žż⽫ߴӲԽҼ磬һָллĹʼˡ
Χ֪òԽ˫ֽ̧ߴıƵִһıƻǰ˾ֶͬ쿪˫֣ӵһʶһ֪ϲɫɲԽͷһʵ϶ѾȾϵķۺ죬鿴ϵĿ̶ʱֲ˲ԽĿڣ֪оһǿƺ¶ȣ̵֪ͻȻһֻ֣ͷϲԽЦһ֪ԼѾˣôҲ׵ˣôԼСЦˣӦòӦá
Χл˵ʱעɽ֪ӦʱһѣǱԽЦԽȴ˵ıɱ׷򡣡ǵĹһЦ
źΧΧͨ䳤³ȶǹؾزˡ
߻л˺֪ţԽǴǷЦǰ̧˫׼˺ûϵ̧֮ʲԽֻס֪ѹԼĻ°͵ͷ˵ģҪıɱ׷𣿡
ԭ֪׼ϲԽӵһӱס졣

12

֮ϣˮڣ΢ĵϣǰСϰһԴСĵСϷŵɫĹ⣬һɫĻҲûκηӦµϳɫ
ᰡΪʲôƺˣƷϵԡ
˽Ե˼ĴΪ΢ĵΪһϲȴû뵽޷ļĸ޷ļλҲֻǿλˡ
û˸ǰȥοһԲ
ƼҲ֪˷ʲô΢ĵüͷʲôˡ
΢ĵЩӣȻ
ССˣҼС̶ֻ𣿡֪΢ĵ˳ΪСɣԹ
Ȼ΢ĵתտ׼Сɣļ񣡡Ŵȥ
ץס΢ĵԼ§ס΢ĵ˵úúãļǼļ񡣡
΢ĵôûа취ùʵ죬֪˽Щôҵ𣿡˵Ż˿ǻ
࣬ûµûµģ첻У˵ˣô˵ǲܡ
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΢ĵ˵һⲻһҲϣڳƺʱǰһǰ׺ʣϣǶĺվһ߶ȵģҲϣĶ𣿡
΢ĵһԵú׼ϲԼ뷨ˣϲ˳СŮˣͬʱҲϲŮ̫ˡ֪ôģ˵ò΢ĵ֪ƫƫ֪һ㣬˵ʱ˵δΣᷳ
ᣬ˭ۣ΢ĵһùӡʩôˣܴǻ޸δҲûܶļλˡ
΢ĵһеȴҲͷ޵ǲıãƫƫӡʩġ
²żʵڲһа취ġ˵
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ӡʩӦ͹аҲûеģϾͬڷˮˣĵλԶҡʵһ޺¡
ȻӡʩȴôΪ
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ӡʩĸФ֦˶һڣ˵ŻҲǲɣٶ㽫ַ洦
ӡʩһüҲȢס
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ҲȢƼͷˣҿƲסҵĴӡʩʵ˵˶࣬ͲĸǰҶҲ˱ô
˵Ҿ˭ϹĶģǶֻܸһΣװױСӣõĹѽ֪ϧ֪ôͷФ֦ʹĵúܡ
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˰ˣԿǣûʲôФ֦ܽ
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Ǹ׺Ů洵˽ӣӡʩ𾪵ĿФ֦ˡ
Ф֦æסС˵Ҫȫ綼֪𣿡
ӡʩĸ׵ʾԷſˡ
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ˣӡʩЩȣЩδκ˵
ǰˣ͸·˻ỵһҲ飬ڵʱһܣϾֵ˽֪Ļ̵̻ģҲǴһѵõŮҲˣ㸸ײСĺȶ˾˲Խ
֪𣿡ӡʩʵ
Ҹ˻ʷ˵˵㸸ûˡŮ活ԽǶʱ˭Ҳһ÷˼䣬㸸ҲҸңǺӾӤһ˼ȹ˶ꡣֱŮ洺ͷŶŸҸ˵ѺӽӻФ֦̾ϢʵԽҲ
Ů洺ͷڼǰĲ죿ӡʩʵԼĸ˵ʵҲ֪Ů洺ͷˡ
Ф֦˳˳Լͷ̾ϢǰҲǴβģҲֻ˵ʲôħսǸӢۣԼŮҲ۸Ĳˡ
ӡʩͷ˺һ
Ф֦Ҫ֪ԽǺǿģڿǻûѾˣԶӰҪСĽ
ӡʩ뿪ĸ׵ĶԻ
Ф֦ӡʩıӰŬ˵һ䵹ùӣ૵ڶѣָǺãһұӶðȻҲ֪Լܱܲˡ

13

֪ˣεս֮ȥ칬죬Լͨһ·죬ӿһһϲϲů˳һůȫֿ֪Լ˺öɼңɼǰһֱˮһս֮УʱһֵڸסϲȻ֪Լץס΢ĵ½ڵ΢ĵϵذѾ΢ĵĲӣˮױݣ֪һĮ
֪˵ȴҲòԾԵӽڿǰ£ȴǴӱ˵￴˭￴ģ
ʱΧ֪ߵɼҶȰ֪Ҫһٴʱʲôȥ֪룬ԭʱԼ㣬ͦдħͷζ
֪Ȼ벻ԼΪʲôɱ΢ĵΪʲôˣ
֪
֪Լڵ˵ˣɬᣬһӾ뵽˷ƫԺ￴ݵꡣ
֪еԼ꣬һ˸Ŀڣֲ˸л֪ԼġȻ֪Ƕһӿ΢ĵת硣
ֻ֪ԼĿһʯͷѹţƵûš
ԭΪӦýˣһתת˷ƫԺԼϰԸޡ
֪ʵӺúÿţǴĶģ
Ϣһһ춹˵ӡʩģ͵͵õġ
֪һ۾ݹȥĺ춹ϣ춹ӡʩÿĺ춹⣬춹ڳζĺ춹⣬춹ƫƫΨζء
֪˺üЦӯӯԹóԵĺ춹⡣
˵ҪϲʹһЩȥ
֪ҡͷԼ԰ɣҷַĵ˴㶼ôصĲˮҲʮֿ̣ûˡ
ĵůůģ˵һ仰ЩСʱ֪û壬֪ˡ
˵ϲģҶ㡣
ֶŮ˵һԼıӣ㿴
ʱ֪Ц˵ð
쿪֣ﻯһޡ
˵ޡ
Żٴһתɫȫڣĵߵĵĳţ󿴵򿪣һĺ춹⣬ź춹Ƥ˷һʼ֪ôҪȥ·Ϥˣͨļ·ϣǱڣ춹ϡ
֪ÿϵĺ춹⡣
·ڻص
Ҿúõģ㡣
ͻȻˣ֪͵شӴԼʹؿڣˮરાʹۿˣôôҪһأŤͷͻȻֲԽڴϣ֦ͷϡ
֪ɻԽȥĶˣȥéһȦδˣԽδҹϰߣٿ֮ǰӡʩǳԼ˯ŰѲԽ˰ɣ
֪Ŀһ۲δڱ֪ԽѲڱ֮ˡ֪ҪȥһǿǷѰŲԽصƫԺܲʲô
ƿԺŵһ˲䣬֪ըѵһҰ׵Ĺ⣬һ˲ʧ֪ü￪ʼţһ磬ʵ粢¹£֪ол֮
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װס
С磬Ȼ֪һɣɱ硣
ʱ·ֻ֪һˣ֪ͨ·ϣЩ㱣ԭΪԼܾûл磬ͲʶˣɵٻʱϤ÷·Ǽǰļ
˳żе·֪·ĴţߵΧǽһڵڣƺǼеƫ˼ҵȻ֪ûи˼Ҵк˼ҼܲǣʱҲ˲ôˡ
֪۾ϾԼĵ̣ԽĺۼЩѣȻ΢ȷȷʵʵܵԽڷڡ
סԺӵûеƣѾ˯ˣ֪źڴһȥѰҲԽ뵽Լôһ·һӣӺһ˺ݺץס˵ϨǰԼԼǽû뵽˵ӵķ
֪һ⣬ôôùһͷӡʩԺ
ҵҪĸ۵ô󵨡ӡʩһԺĵƶǰ֮ʱȻܲ졣
֪Ц˵۵ġ
ӡʩȻķſ֪֣ɤʵʲôȴôǸǰһŰǽ
֪ɵĿӡʩ㲻֪
ӡʩͬҲɻ󣺡ٶ겻ô֪ʲôġ
֪̹ҲѣӡʩҲмѣɵƣԽģ˭ģ
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ӡʩıȻǲţȴҲ֪Ժʯ£óһһӡʩＸ겻Ժ춹ˣĻš
֪һһҧһ飬ĵŴĺ춹óԣôأһǰ㲻Ƕ˹һ̺춹ҵ𣿡
ںȲӡʩͻȻǺˣĿû˼֪ʱǺ˵ҹһιĹ뷿ǵ˶˯ˡԭΪû˻֪֪ᷢ֡
֪ǸĶ𣿡֪̽Եʵ
ô֪Ķֻǰæһ¡ӡʩ˵
֪ЩСС궯ʣǰ˭͵ģ
ӡʩ֪ˣһЩ֥¶ӡʩԼΪʲôҪסƫԺС͸㣬ΪһԲϴӡʩСһվˣӡʩǰСץס°æš
ҲΪʱˣЩ飬ӡʩŰ
֪ӡʩشģץץӡʩֱۣ磬˵˭͵ģ
ӡʩͬǸٱСĶΪ磬֪ǰҲйⲻ
ӡʩʱЩˣķġһ˭㻹𣿡
֪һ㶣ͷѾһ𰸣ɾҲӡʩ˵
ǸǰǷǽ棬˵ĲԽСӡӡʩ˵һǰ˵Ͻԣˡ
֪ĿڴһվŻææ˵Ҳˣˡ˵ŷΧǽ
ӡʩŻæҵ֪֪ʲôŲŮӼҼҷǽĵͦ˳

14

֪·СţƺԷƫԺˣһΧǽΧǽھǸƫԺ֪ܿǶΧǽѸٷȥȻ
֪ر㿴ԺվһĿ¶𾪵ĿԼ֪վãԼȹڲϵĻңɤ˵㲻ˣѰ˼һ㱻ץأ㵽ȥҡ
Խ𣬰ǰԺޣһôððʧĴǽⷭЦԼܿŮɿˣİӴĵһŴˣһμűϲһϲǰꡣ
ڹڷڿȤļʮڣ֪˼ˣÿÿԺʯϣһĳǽʲôʱأ᲻᲻ˣ
Խͱ˽磬ĮԽǿĶԽôһּ尾رڷЩ֪꣬ãҲֵڴһ¡
Խǰȥֱס֪ˣ֪ɹԽаδİ﷢ţܽӵ뻳УĲŵ԰
֪ЩµԽԴ
Խʵ˺ܾ𣿡
֪һʱ䣬˵Ҳûкܾãһʼȥéһ£ûţǲǱӡʩץˣ㡣
ԽûҺܾþͺáЦ֪Դ
û˭ܱ˽Ҳһʲôζˣ֪뿪֮Ҳ˷ǽѰԽʴģʱԽԽգһһԺ֪ӷӳˣ˼ĴѰ֪꣬Ҷһ
طʲô֪ǴҹģҲͷֲ˲Խ뿪
Խ˵ķ羰ʲôġ
֪ŲţѻĻѻһ١
֪õĿ£ԽеͶ˵ж˷ȡߡԽֻ˵Ķ
ޡ֪ѿڶ
ԽЩǵ޵֣ϾЩϦദ֪ƺ˺ܶܶ£Ĩ˼һ㣬޷Ϊʲô͵ɹµĺ֢ɡ
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֪ıӣ˲Խ˵һ仰ϲģҶ㡣Ҿúõģ㡣
ԽһɫЩŵ̽Եʵˣ
֪Щ˼ĵͷʵھɹº˺ܶ飬ҲǵˣҲļôãǱʶҪȥǡ֪Ҳֱס˲ԽܱǸ㡣
˵ˡԽ֪ССģģϲԽͷ֪ӡһ¡
֪Ķ˲͸ŲԽĲ˵ǻؼҰɡ
á
۵߻ˮƵʱκʱټҪִ£һ۾;͵ϣ쳣ԭʲô˵ҲΣ΢ĵ֮ǰͻڹӡʩȴ˵ôòͱˣ˵ʲôԵǿԵӲˣôպʱȴҪͻڷļСӲԽͻȻ˼⣬ţ·̸˵Ц
ԶԶȥһһŮǰţļҵĹӹô˻صǹôЩأ
ϸϸ΢΢ü磬ĪҪȥ΢ĵ鷳ôǺܺõĽһ֪
֪˽Լʶǻͷ˭۲Űϳ˵ҲȤǰϲĲеˣڵö۲ϵó
ԽȻ֪ͷٿ˾ô˵ţ»ϾɰðСžţԼӦóñÿɣ˲鸴ȼɣôòˡ
֪β˵˵Щʲô֪˵ⲻ˼˼۲ϳ
һĲԽͻȻЩ֣Ҳֵ̫ԣЦ
ſ֪ԵĹӣⲻǷС𣬶һģ
£ʵȻһδµӡ̡
֪˵ûʲôͻعʵؿ羰Խһתƺ뵽ڹ˼ʲô˵ǣĺˣ˷粢޶⡣
ŷ֪࣬ǰϲΧԼתһ㽿߲Ѷ㿪ӣԼŰȫ룬Ŀ̹Ȼ
ࡣ
֪üԼĿתԽԽᶨҡͷ֪һЦԽ뷨һģ֪˵ΪԼûб䣬ңֻˡ
Ŷ˵ĻͨͨУ֪Խ뵱ԼΪƣֻĿлЩĶǴǰ֪Լӵеġ
˵ڴǰҺ΢ĵ£ܱǸԡ
ȥ·ͲطˣȻ֪ԼªҲͲҪһֱѬ죬Լ͹˵ĶõͺáԽ˵˵֪Ѿͻ΢ĵôԽûУӦκһ֪ܹίˣѹ粻ðĳ嶯
ɫʱЩá
֪ǵһμе⣬ǣס֣¶һԲϴԼСɾ͸۶һҹӲģӲõġ
֪ûǾˡ
ͷʾûˡ
֪ŲԽ½紦ߣ˵ʲô
Խû
ղźס֪Ц˵Щ档
ԽԼţ˵Ҳûкװɡ

ʶԼ֪ܲһǰǸǰԶԶһ棬ֻǰԼδϧˡ

15

𣬶˵ĻҲڳﱸĺˡ
δĻ߶֪ͲԽ붨һǰǵ֪࣬ǰٰƴǣȴҲ˼ɣƾδʱ䡣
δӶ⣬ũʮ壬ЦðȢޡá롭ޣðã޽ɡ
֪ҲδֵǾͶӰɡ
ҲˣС²
֪ʮ첻ʱɢＸÿÿ֪գڲԽ鲻Ը»ǼһӡʩѰ˼ű֮Ҳûʲô˿ˣֺǺǾ͵ũʮ塣
ӡʩտ֯Ļյ֪ϲһ뷨ǲԽСӹԼҰײˣڶǰˣ֮°˹ͲԽĴͻ飬ʱҲǼΪũʮߣҪѲԽѰ
ӡʩ˭ҵϲսһϲϵ֮ɵҲһ㶡
ӡʩһϲڻ߶ô¶ôࡣ
Сµʱܿ͹ˡ
ũʮ塣
ũʮ֪ͱӵδ˵ҪȲԽڶס
һ֪ͱδѣ֪۾ûлȹϴ֮üĨ֬ϴ졭Щ֪ҲİϾһΣǽģδеš
δЦ˵ǶԵģϻζͷһءʱҲţŵͷ϶û˯š
֪ԼͷϺܿ˯ˣ֪ͲԽſδҵΧǽһ棬֪ԲԽ˵δ˵˳֮ǰòҪ棬
ЦŵģʵЩ򣬲ԽѰǸ˵ġ
Խſǽͷ˵˲ڵĵһϣ
֪ǽͷȥǣԽ֡
Ҿͻȥˡ
࿴㡣ԽĿƿ֪
˲ŵһΧǽ˵ŻȤָЦʱҹɫҲ̫֪±δ͵żòԽؼȥ
Խˣͷߡ
֪һɬԽһ¡
ʲôл֪ЦˣСɾлЦ֪졣
֪˼ԼЦôһ˵УֵӺ
л֪ɱҲŻϵˡ
֪ԼַŻصϡ
ȻͿԼСɾˡлЦ
֪ߵϲϲļΪʣڿǡô¶ǵһǣ֣㵽ֹòУ֪ϸ֫ճϾһֵĻ֮
л׼ʵĽǶȵĽҡ֪䣬շСĽ֪ͷϣ֪һ̧ͷվ͸ŻΣžĶ
лԵ̾ܽزױš
֪һͭ˿ҲЦŲԽŻʲôӦԽʲôӵģеС¹ײضҲɾ
ףϰá
ǵŲԽףȵ֪ʲԽôûδÌ⵽ȥˣ֪ǰ˵СӾǵȲáַֽ֪Լĵҵһμ㣬ڣѾʮˣһμʱ򣬾;ôһƮĸоһָڿ䲻ĸо
֪û˸ĸһЩҲһûаȫУҵĺӣʮһֱ㵱ԼŮã֣ǹȥ֣޵ԼļңҲһ׮¡
֪ţͻȻۿδĺ֪ģǵ˶Ҳ֪ģǻΣ֪˵ллǣһֱҶܱǸҶԲǡ
֪һֱܱǸǰûпסñǣ˶ʧȥһȺˡ
סлϵϲ˵ʲôԲûʲôöԲģû˹ֹ㣬׼ޣո㻯õױݿɱ޻ˡ
δҲæ˵ԣϲ۲ޣĹؼŮҪŮ׼һЩױģͰҵҵĶˡ˵Űһ֪ϡպãƽҲЩҲңЩ绨Сˡ
֪֣¡
֮δ˵˽һ׮ڵű߿Ժʱʱ߶ţʮð޽ɣҼҹˡ
֪ﴽ΢΢һЦĵĵ˲Խס
ղ裬Խڹ涨ʱŽ׶һ·δңԭ֪ҺδҲС·ɴﵽɽС·ԶһߵĴ·
ߴ·Ҳôðɣ̫쵽ͷδЩżɱ
֪Ŵ˵ͷżǼٵģȴҲδ˵ûµģ·ֺǳԵĶЩ
֪ô˵ţȴҲǾòԾ׵ĶӦŶԣΪγٳû춯
ڹ˻̫ѾͷˣѾ֪ԼָЩףδ弱ææܽԺδ˵ʲôδɫ˲䣬ʵδ壺ûУ
ȫⶼ͸ˡδҡҡͷ
δǵĳ֪һۡ
֪죬олıǲԸ뵽ģһͷԺ۾֪һٴ۾ʱһ㺮⣬Խڱƺһ˲£л˾ͻȻ˲١
Ȼǻл˸ܵˣǶ˲٣֪վƿ߳δУⳡȫǵ˴׼˶죬˼ҼһڼŮһĳﱸ˽ϵʮױδҵ֪ҵ·ɴϹϲĺֵϿɼ̴Ͻˇ֡
пʼ¶ëĴѩԭֵǽؼ£һʱֻʣ֪һˣ߻صԼУſڻͣһ̧Σȴɵʧ޷֪ƿԼҼţϲʼᣬʯѰ˼ͻ便Ϊʲô
Īӡʩַ֪ܿ뷨ӡʩ˽⣬Ȼӡʩ֪ԽҪɻ飬Ҫ˴Ҳ᲻֪һ
ǵ˭
᲻ǲԽˣˣ֪ԽſǽͷüĿʿЦӣ֪ԸŻΪʲôΪʲôҪΣ
еѩµøˣܿڵһ㣬֪Щ޴룬֪ԼӦôĺһͿԵȻԽˣŴ󿪵ţ߶Žһ仰ũʮ壬Ȣ˼ޣã޽ɡ

16

֪Ժһڶ컨л˳ɡȰûֻǰѷڴͷժ̫ˣصܡ
ڰʱ򣬴һˣǸŮˣһӡĵƵɡϴѩ׷ţɡ֣֪˺һſˡ
þò֪΢ĵߵ֪ǰЦ˵
֪ʲô
˵մ飬صǰϲɹأгء΢ĵЦţĿ´֪
֪΢ĵ˵⻰صģ΢΢ӣɲǵԼиϲֵ΢ĵǲӦ֪µģ΢ĵȴã֪һЩڲԽ޶ʧĵ¡
֪ôΪأǰҲ΢ĵЦţԺŲӣüˣܻ֪ɣԽھ磬ɾҪˡ
֪ڲµ΢΢ʣ˭
˭΢ĵЦȻǺ㣬ɻĶһɣҵСùģùɿɰϲһħܱȵġ
ԽԽˣѩ΢ĵɡϣžžવ
ϸϸұõǸħӦþɣҲ㳶ƽˡ΢ĵԴЦЦЩ񣬡֪ܲ˭ɾ׮°ɣ˵ˣΪͲԽͻ飬Ūɳ׾ķš
ƺϴμʱҷġ֪վһһ΢ĵ
еѩСɡϣ΢ĵͻȻһۣȥȵĺɫҺ壬̧ͷһȻСɡϣ΢ĵתͷ֪Ѿվ߾룬ʱ󾪡
֪һס΢ĵ˵СǰΣ
΢ĵСɡһƺҲŭգ˵˰ǰұļλˣǿóģΪʧһǶһλá
֪֪΢ĵŭĶͬ΢ĵҲ֪ŭ֪΢ĵڵϣſڵϵˣЦôң
΢ĵſڵϿ֪ʵ𣿡
΢ĵ˵仰һ̴ӵϳ̴壬ȴûдҪűͬһĴ΢ĵŵĵط̴壬вȴʹ֮ʡ
֪΢ĵ۾ôģ̶̹һܶѪҺȾܵѩأܵĿ࣬Ȼܸܵȫٻܸܵĵģͺúܰɡ
΢ĵ͵һѪĵӦóóȻȥ֪
뿪ԼԺӵ֪·ϣѩѾ·Ͼòֻ֪֮ؽѱ⣬ѩһ˵ײײţСײס֪æԲסԲסѩ̫ˡⲻ֪֪ҪȥĶôô٣뿪ǰɣˣö˶ˡ
֪סԼϪ򣬽ԼӴקɫȻ㲻뿪ǡʥǰ뿪ǣʥѰ㡣
ϪȻҲߵĻﶳġ
ֻ֪ǿ˵㲻ߡ
Ϫ֪޸ĿסˣƤֱð֣֪֪ôˣϪŲŽŲߣ֪ҲȻˣֻһ֣һ󺮷ֱӽϪ򴵵ǽϣͬʱǽ̶ǽϣö
Ϫżˣ֪ȥıӰ֪֪ҡ䡭
ѩ֪Ӱסˣѩʲô
ʱƣϪԽԽľ˹ڱǵĴ˵
ǰ˵ļĳоһα⣬˶ˣ˼ʮ궼ûлֱһһСǣеıڻˣǴյůУԭֶһ
Ϫ룬Ǳǵĵڶα⣬ҲҪΪﱻˣԼԼʶԽԽȻ֮һһϷŵϪٿһ㣬ӶǺ䰡죬ôţȻԼ̶ǽϵֽһɣƲסһһůĻˣϪ򱧽ǰˣüë۽ëϵˮůĻﻯˮ
Ϫģʵ𣿡
Ϫ΢ͷ˳һˣҺûš
Ϫ̧ͷյʣͷǸȦȦûˡ
ϪָǽȦ
һЦϪŷʲôͻ䣬ǰЩյ֪ϲǰʮҪףʱʦͽȡһѵУ鲻е¶æһϲƣȴⷬ
ԼĽƺܿҵ֪֪ҲֻǴվţʥˣûϪ뿪
΢΢Լ۾Ŀ֪Ȼħˣ֪ϾǸħħ䲻ǿվеģھееħס˵ζ
ôʶ
һҪϪһҪס֪ߣһͷĸ󣬱ȽȦͷۡϸϸħ֪ħлһ˿һֱ֪ϵĲԽƺ⡣
һ˿֪أһ˿̫ˡ
ٿտ֪װγСɰǬһһģǬɢһ˿˿ˣǲԽСӵģòǰѲԽװڴ˰ɡ
ȡ֪Ǭ֪ͻȻյ֣˵ҵġ
ЦûҪģҾͿ
֪ǻǬҵģ
һ죬ĵɶװͷôţ㲻ҿҾӲˡ˵Ű˼ڷĵԼͺˣһڷʱͱ˺üССһر㳯֪ܹȥǱ֪ȣץ֪µ㡣
֪üգ˵𣿺÷
ԺϪҲ̧ۿһصĺӣʵ㶼ôຢˣ
գ˳ְϪ۾ϣ˯ľ
֪ںһصĺʱһĺӳ֪ǬǬ뿪һ˲֪Բ۾ΪǬڱȺӻΰεʱڵϣæЩѩѰ
ʱǬѾˣ򿪴ӣֻȡһ
ӣձ֪ϸϸоһӣӲţ졭
ţ֪ͻȻӱ𣺡ʥҡ
һӦǰԾһ֪ľ룬˳ֻӶһ±Ӵ֪߸߾֣תһһѱ̡
Ϫôʥÿ졣Ŀֲ¡
տ֪Ӵ˵ֻƵħ˲٣Ȼ֪ӵͷˡ
ʥҵģ㻹ҡ֪ȻĿлһЩʲôǰһ
ջС汧ס֪µ㲻Ҫ˺ǵ
գ˭Ⱥӵģ
ϪͷǴʥĺӰ
ֻЩӽ˵׻ڵ㲻Ҫ˺ǡ
Ϫ򣺡
ˣȺӽ̵ĺá
֪һЩҡǸӵͷ˵ãǵĸĸڡҵĸĸ
Ϫĺ뺰һ䣬ҲǣûУҲᰡ
ճ֪֮ʱӶӴ֪ıϣí˾֪һӹѩϣ֪ڵؿھҵ
ʥ̫˰ɡϪָĲˣոոյһ۵
ֿ֪ڵʹһ£Լ֣һֻ߰δ˵ĻһӶӿĶ֪ʱ˲٣ֱűϵӣֿ˿ܵѩɫĿһԶϣૣʥҺˡ
̾һѹˣ֪ѱӻ
֪űӣؿˣһ֣ѩͣ£Ʋ㿪ѩۿɼٶȻˮСķ֪ΡΡվˣǰСʵǳҲ𣿡
գûˡ

17

֪ϵӣȹδȥδ͌廹ûȫ⣬Ǳųɡ׼ŵĶװЩԵģ֪Եġȫ꣬δգգ۾ֿԶˣ֪ǰסδ
Բ𣬶ԲҶԲǡ
δ֪ļ˵ûˣûˣȥˡ
ָ֪һҲϪǸֺһ
Ϫʾ¡
δ˵Һ͌ȥ㣬⿴˲Խʧ֮ǰ˭̸
̸ݻǵ𣿡֪ʵ⡣
ҡҡͷеԶ塣
ȥ㿴˵ĵط֪
ڌĴ·£֪ߵ֪ҵĺԺʱȵʵȤѰԽôһԽһİĸ˵ʲô뿿壬ȴҲ߲
֪ڌָǿ£ϣշ¶ǰ
һӰ£ԽҲ֮ͣԽЦǿɲǵˮ񣬲Ϊ
һ磬˷ǲμӻҲûٰȥˣġ
Խ֪ԼԸޣ˵ĻӿԸޣ˵ˮһܲܽҴߡ
ûܵ˼֪Ļֻ۴Ļ飬ֻҽȥˣ˵ǽӣ˵Ѻˡ
ͻ飿ԽüȻ֪鲢ô򵥣ҵĻƾʲô֣
ʼ磬㻹ǹԹԸ߰ɣҲΪʲô۸ҰҴȥ㷴Ļǰ
Խ̧ͷһǣǱ㲻ð֪ྭӪĳǣ͵֪ļңǣ͵ǻ֪ļҡ
ԽֵǰԺ֪Ǻã
Ȩ֮Խѡȸߡ
ԹԶܹԹģʱ˳ΪľǺķת
֪ҲֻһʹͬԹ̫ˣһʱ֮Ҳ֪Թ˭ˡ侲֮ʵʥ㻹Թ𣿡
ճ鶯һǣߵȻԹҽ¯ѹָɽýңɮҺ޲ðǵƤ
Ϫһɪյﶼ˼ֺ¡
ʲôֲƤ
ϪĵҲš
֪վ˵ҪȥѰԽʥҪһȥ
յͷͬһȥ
ȥ𣿡Ϫʣ̸ɴܣȤ
һȥʲôԹšյ
ϪЩźҲʶһ¡
ԴѵЩ˵һ˵
ϪЦˣá
ʮ
֪ճǰȫǵ˶ͣϾȥ飬Σնٻеġ
֪ÿÿŵԭڵĵ·֣µĹͷ
֪ղҴĵ磬òԽв֪һȥӡʩӡʩԼԺȾƣǽͷ춯һ̧۱㿴֪վԼԺ
ôֲߴأ
㴩ɶӡʩһ֪ϻδµĺױͷҲ֪ʲô
֪ҲӡʩӣҲԽ
ҪʲôԽûСӡʩϾܾţֹһضҲԽզûҡ
֪֮ǰ˾飬סӡʩ˻Σϸϸ˵磬͸
ӡʩڵķ±ӣôػضأػضá
ӡʩ治ĵ
֪æлл硣
ԱԴҲУǰȡʱǲҪɮ˵׼ȴһҪʡЩ
ȥ·עЩˮʱӦɭϣԽӦñڷһƫԺھСɵıõķ䣬Сġ
֪Եĸлӡʩɹˣ´λӡʩһҪ
֪СĵˮȻӡʩǰ׼˵ɭϣҲ̫ɭһЩˮΧˣ˵Ҫϲ¿û˻ţ̫ˣΪʲôΪʲôҪôľӢأѵһġ
֪ԭҲ뷭ǽˮģȴˮ˽磬ֻԴߣզ
֪տű˴ˡ
ʮʿֱŽȥյ
֪ҡͷɣÿһһ޶֤ƣǱʿӣûƣҪǾ͵õȵ䵥Ҫһɽȥ
ץͷĵ鷳
֪ն˶ѡ
һΪҪǽˡӡʩͻȻ
֪ʵôˣ
ͻȻٿᣬ˳·ɼҶҪȥȻȻҲȥлῪһΣʲô취ȥӡʩ˵
֪Ȼӡʩֻ˳·Ҳ벻ôˣ֮ǽˮ
֪üѰ˼ţȻͷһӣͻȻ뷨
պ֪Ȼͱӣ꣬ӡʩƿط磬ˮʱӡʩ֪˴ڼɡ
֪˵պ֪ӡʩķ˽ڣ紵ͷĵԽԽ쳣ˡ

18

ɻ֪չ˽䣬û˱ԭ֪ͣЦʥк
ҲNɪģ˵»ľͲ࣬ҵʦᣬҲᣬı㲻ˣǸ⨺СҲᡣ
֪ĬĬ˴Ĵָ
ڵĿҪȵһЩ֪һ·Ҳ˳ˮڲߣ֪۾һ£ƺܵ˲Խ߽һСȣһš
档֪˵
ε֪ģʵ
֪˵۾ŲԽͿ֪Ĵλá
ҲԸ֪ʣϾʵѵá
֪ҡͷֻܸܵԽλãǾԶһҲ͸ܲˣԼҲܺΪ
˲ûѡţΧǽǸƫԺŵơ
֪֪ҲΪɡ
ΪʲôҪҲޣҲ޸Ǹ޷ֵ˽ӣԺķͻȻ򿪣иŮӴ߳Ҫ޵ӡʩδķ񣡡
պֻ֪¶۾ϵĲλ۲Ժڵ֪ϳŮӾϴαԼһٵǸɹ뵽˿ڻָͦá
һŮüͷסС㣬۴ͻ㲻Ͳ𣿡
㣬Ĳ޸
΢ĵ˵㲻޵Ǳ޵ˣǲԽϴδħͷļˡ
֪΢ĵ޵
ҿһԡûк˵
֪࣬ĵСôܽӦȥд飬ϴӦһ㡣
룬ϴδ㣬ûиɳˣѾˣҲǱף΢ĵ˵ţùݣͺúϢˡ˵վ͹˹ķţ뿪ƫԺ
֪ճ΢ĵ˺ԺٷڵԺֻķһ޿߳һ㿴Ժмպ֪ʪ۾ȻǶǰһЩ𾪣պ֪ҲһЩΡ
Ӧʲô˱㱻סʹ˷
һֻס˹ͣһֻͳ˽𹿰֪ڣ
֪գĵǳô𣬶˵ΰɡ
ɡյڹŵһϣĵ˴ϣһɴ䡣
֪˵ʥȥҲԽɱʲôԷ;㻯ģҡ
һָһֻèԼڴϻ˹ӣè֪˵ȥء
֪ŷ˸ڵԺڣŹţֻһյ΢С͸⣬֪վſڣ۸ܣڣĿͻȻЩţƿ˷š
Խڴϣһ֪ƿҲû֪ͻȻЩᣬô˯ô죬ڲԽûѣ֪ŷֲԾ˯䣿
˯ǿƸ߽ɼҵ䣬ôڲԽϣܵͽ絽䣬һжΪ˿סԽΪʲôô󶯸ɸꣿ
֪ڲԽߺ˺֣˻ν䣬ȻްˣͬܲܰѲԽѣ֪ӣԽϳһޣһȥûзӦ֪ҧٳһޣԽüͷ۾Ȼˣ֪һϲס˲Խ֡
Խ˲Ӹѵʵָʶ֪˵ǳˣҸոεԼûס
֪Цɵǻûף硣
֪ŲԽЦЦЦſԼ޵ΪҲˡ֪ԼڿԽ֮һӱӿԿŲڻ޷еʱޣԿŲڲٴαǵʱޣȴ޷ټԽʱ޳
Խ۵ıס֪Ķͷգϣܸ֪ο֪侲һЩԽ֪ȥ֪ĺɬĻӦԽѹ֪ϣ§ס֪۾ëһһصıʪˣԽúһͷٴ֪֪䡭
ǻû׾Ŷأյʱ˵Ĵſ߽ҪҲʲôʱ򣿡ĵԼǷ֪ڸԺӵȶá
Խ֪ԸеΣӴ֪ĶǺ͸ˣǳ˲Ƿ𣿡
հһΪɮ

19

ҵ˲ԽҲûôˣ׼뿪磬Խǣֶ֪ͬʱţɵʱ֪оһɣͲԽ־ɿˡ
֪ԽվڣҲһɻ󣬲Խ֣ǰȴһǽҲ֪ʶԽ˷
⾹ȻԲԽƵĵڶ硣
ԭֱſȴͻȻߺߵЦˣʵӢΧأ磬ټӳ˯䣬˴ĻǶԴһˣ㾿ʲôݣ
֪ǰĲԽʱվڣֻһżľ룬֪ȴⲻ˵֮ľͻԽԽ
ԽϿʲôֱվڣյʥʲôˣ
΢΢۾û۽𾦿Ҳʲô޸֪ޣ
ҹ𣬴ԺҶӾֺݺݵ£Խ˿б¶Ų֪΢΢̾˵˵ա
԰սֺ֪֪ԥĴȥֽҲձԼĹӽ
Բ£Խһ֪Ҳȣֻůů֡
ԽмŮ洴ʱõıӣ
֪ʶǬֻ֪޹ȴҲ֪ȻŮ洵
˼ʱһŮӽң˼ȥΪƫƫأ֮żӡʩФ̸֦͸¶ϢŮ洵˽ӣұӵ˱Ů洣˼˽ӰˡԽܿˡ
Щƾʲô˼ұڣǸͣø𹿰˺Щ꣬ʵ֪Ϊ㣿
Խʼ磬ʾ֪
˼̫˷˼ˣһ룬ƺܾûмŮˣЩʧһ㡣
֪Ҳôɵ㣬ΪʲôŮ洰ѲԽ˼䲻ܲˣɺԼ֪ǰźúһ
ȥŮһЩ⡣Խ˵ʺö⣬Ϊʲô˼䲻أŮҲô𣿿Ҳⲻǣ
ȱ˵ʲôŮ洣˵˵Ҫôȥɡս𹿰һ
֪Լ°룺Ӳһ磬ô½˻֪ڶྫӢ뾯״̬Ҳ˵ĵڶˡ
ء
ֱӴȥʵҲһˡ
֪ףĹƾҪķѴɼҺӲ򣬼ʹӮҲӮĲ⣬˵֪գӦûиԶĿģòײժͷϵȦΪδٱѹꡣ
ղĺһ
֪ͻȻʲôʵڹôˣ
˵СɣèҾȻֱˣһʱѲˡ
ԽŶ˵̸ȴƺ뵽ʲôˣ˵Ȼǲܴ磬Լ򿪡
֪üţʲôʱǻԼ磬Ǳǵڶ֮ʱĪǲԽȢǹСɣ֪ԽĿԹЩ
ԽԼҷԹĿæǿ϶Ǻͷ˳ףʱװɹӣɼҵǰǰóףҲֲյĻ񡣡
֪ΪƣƺڰѸɼҵɺˣͦġ
ýǾ뿪硣Խ֪ĵƹܰȴڷ⣬Ŷδϣ
һ˫ӣ֪֪ԼݽȥˣȫȫݽȥЦ˵á
ƺ˵Ļ۾Ժһص¹žһЩȴŰѺƭɱˡ
ڶ糿հ֪˹ģ֪ױһС澵ģڴֺǺǵĶűèĹ˲澵İۡ
֪Ϸڣܵˣֻץյĸ첲ն˵ҾȻڳΡ
Ҳ˵ż;ˣզࡣ
֪յĸ첲
һԵյūб֪𣿲ͳ
קٴס֪⣬ѾͷӸòУ
Ů˵ʲô֪ӻ˵޷ֻò߲˵߿ˣͬ˵˹ˣΪƽĸ澸ͬͱȥһٴˡ
ЦҲǷϲ£ãƽϡ
ã컹Ҫӡʩ˵˽ӣĺܡСŬ
èĹȫè˵Ůȥָ׺ݺС澳ʹ˦󺰵Ұèߣ
˦ĹҹԹţ
ëȥվ֪ԣȴ򿪡
֪Ժſˣ߳ĽŲһ翪ˣűԳ֪Ժӣ֪յĸ첲һһ߳ԺӣԽѾȺˡ
걾ͳðףںµĳ±ԽĿˣ֪͸շ϶ԽЦҲƲסЦЩСŷո첲ϵֶ˼֣ձץһü
ֽɫǣһͷݸ˲Խһͷݸ֪ǣһ

20

֮ڣۺڷǿ˵̬˱ϣΪ˼ҵķ˺Ф֦ڴߵλá
˵ձ㲻ٷ֪èվһ䣬һûһµ޶èëĿһһǰĲԽ֪֪ܺҪ޳˲١
Ф֦˿ŲԼɻĶӡʩ˵Сɳɲû̬꣬˴ҹȴҲѵã㲻ȢȷʵЩ
ӡʩҲĶһװĵڰȥĪ֪ڷﱻץˣӦð֪ն˵ȷʵ̫ܣɵþù졣
Ф֦ԼҶһ˵˼Ͽˡӣòְ˸˰ɣ
ӡʩηȷʵ̫Լĸ׵Ի·
˳İ̽ţֻʣһ˳ɡ
׼Ųˮ֪˸˺Ф֦ˡ
ա
ٿ˽ԼһûתͷȥŮź°ɴ鶯ɣϵ΢΢ζ
վЩͷ˵ԭϼӡ
ϼԶ̬ȲЩᣬʵΪνģ
մ˵ϼǺɼ˶࣬Ψ㽫ϳˡ
ϲ㡣ϼ鶯˫ﷺһһ㺣Ҽһ·϶ǹʲôˣ
ֻϼ˵Ļɮһͷۡ
֪Ҷڵ㣿ϼִձèֱϡ
նʱԼֱǱǯһ˲֣èҲ˳˵ϣèڵϺ㼱ٳŴȥհ׷ȥϼӱסʲôһû˵ꡣ
ֻǵôһ仰ʱǹѾܵ˴룬˾ںδһֻҰèʱèѸٻΣòȻǺڸФ֦˾һģһ
ָŵǰ֪˵Ǽٵģħٰģ
ֶΪһ
ƫƫһˣֻҪФ֦˽ӹⱭôԽҲؿɼķˡ
Ф֦˿ŴըëŮˣֿ˿ԼǰˣĿнɻ
֪ҲԸоյʩʧŵ˵Ф֦ˣˡ
Ф֦һ㾪ˣⲻ֪ϸϸ͸տݣ֪Ѹٽӹ֪ݵĲ裬һ
ܻڴ϶罷Ф֦ûҷ˵Ǽٵħ
֪Ф֦˺Ǳ裬ˣ̧ۿԽоյЦˡ
Ф֦ǣڵϵ֪˳ŰѲԽҲ֪תɼʱһľۡ
ɼ˵֪絷ң
Ф֦΢΢۾򷽲˵ɼңŭǣֵ֪ҷûɣҵۺֻҵԺϺ𣿡
ɼҳԱԡ
֪Ф֦˵ֻЩһ̻ܵ
л趼ѾħɣҷýȢϱФ֦˵
ֻ֪ӡʩӦöͬФ֦ѧõģ˵ϺսԡѪսŮ
ƾʲôװҵģ׵ģķţ΢ĵ˵ĶԣȻϲԽ֪ϲͲ֪õ
ʱ΢ĵȴԼǵùø
Ф֦䲻Цˣ˵ߣƾʲôƾʲôȥһ㣬ʲô취޸ģ˵ҪˣǾȻģ
֪Щء
ʱƿԣĿ΢ĵ΢ĵÿɱˣͶ˵ȥ
ǰⳡƺҲĵӲ˵ǲͬˮǸ˶˵
Ф֦֪֣Щתת㻹ǳҼҵĶϱ
֪ɻĿФ֦ˣʲôתתʲôҼҵĶϱ
ӡʩФ֦˵˵ʲôأ֪ʲô˷֣˵žФ֦ˣ֪ԽԣԼĸԶЩ
ôͲ˵ˣФ֦˲ԼҶΪ
˵ǲ˵ӡʩ˵ϣԼֵ֪Ķùϵȥʲôǰδ֮¡
֪ҲûмƽФ֦˷ŵֹ֣ĿӯӯĿԽʵȻǸǴкͻؼҰɡ
Խסָ֪˵㡣
ȥФ֦˺ӡʩʱһס֪
֪
֪һڵתȥ󿪿ں֪ۡǲģΪȥļɹǣȻ֪֪ΪԼ£ʼӦĻšС֪ϲ˭֪ԥ˵ۣ֮ΪȨˣ֪ƫƫϲܾ۴˺һߣ²ŵһЩΪ֪Ķ
㳤˲٣㻹һʲô¶֪ĺӣѾΪ֮ˡ˵
ʱúܿġ֪ĮȻظԷ˵ĻӦĽ
ԽҲʧȥЦݣߣһʲô֪ĺɹҲǺܿء
ǲǻڹңʵһĳһһ֪ͷ
֪æһܿǴشҡ
֪۰ٿ˶ʱһ棬ٵһ·ϣһ澿ų˵ۺĵܵܣ֪һο˸ô˵ɵö࿴һۣͬʱʱ۵ûƽº͵ģȡ֮һںڵֻ֣ץס澵Ĳӣţһôֵܵסأ֪㿴۾Ӳ澵ĲӣѪ˳澵ǻ䣬۵Ļڴһ֣澵ȥŵڵϵ澣¶һŲ澵ϣ澵ʬ廯촷һ澾ôʧ磬Ҳû˷ʧ˵֪ʧȴҲȥ׷
֪СʱֻǾú£ۻĲô򵥣ȷλõжأ
Խ֪ȻԷ۵ΪǺ⣬ۿ֪Ҫз֮־롣
͸Խ֪ʵң
֪Ҳ£ǲ̫жĽӴ֪ʵûС
ֿԽ˵㵹Ǻĸ׳񡣡
Խ΢΢۾۾Ȼ֪Խĸ˭Խ֪׼뿪ֵֻ֪㲻֪ΪʲôɹѵǱһô򵥣
֪ĽŲ˶٣תۣʵʲô˼
ҹ
̧֪ͷһ۲ԽԽüͷ̫ƵĿ۵ıӰ֪ȥգҲ֪ʲô
Խ̫ʵ㲻թ
ӦòôʹթҲ֪껹кʱҲ֪
Խյͷһͬ۵

21

۽˴ߵġĵط˼ϿΪвڵһǺѿ죬طһԿʵӣʱ֪һѷϣѷһźֻΧڱȥ
ǡѣ֪𾪵ĿۣǺεȴ飬ô
Խüͷ
վñֱֱǵˡ
֪߬Լ֣ʵΪʲôңӦû֮¡
Խ֪ıվţס֪֣˵µġ
ڶǰһСһСţѹΣһǰǰ
ǰ֪Ѱ˼ţల£˵ʲô±Ǳһº칬һ¡
ڶѾաۼ˵
գա֪ƺ뵽ʲôͬ㣬ձǣǰҲǣ֪ѵλÿȥһ¾ȻǡɱǱϷ
֪ͻȻЩ˵ѵǣѵˣ
ôȷʱ䣬һһأ֪Ͼôû˻ΪԼɵġ
ۺǺǺǵЦˣ֪ȴЦˣ˵ĶԲһλӦ֪ġ
֪ãĿԽΪʲôԽӦ֪
ۿ֪ãһ°ɣΪŮ֮ӵĲԽȻܵĵ䣬κһССı仯֪
֪ʲԽǷ˵ʱ𣿡
Խ¶ǵĵͷ
֪ٴۣѿʲôӰ죿
Ӱ۴ͳһֽУƮƮֽͱѵУӰ֪ڵ΢ĵļĿǰһֱûзӿһΪѵӰ죬ԽܵӰԽΪиɼҵķ֧߲˼Ǵûʲôͬģʱƣ˽յӰҲԽԽɾ˽ˮˣ
֪һ֪˽⣬ڵˮȷʵˣһʼΪת＾꣬вԾĵطֲˣԭΪ＾ƣϾȻΪ֪꣬ʼԡ
ʲô𣿡Խʵ֪ıȻǺģнİ취ܺܶࡣ
ۿԽŮ洵겹죬ΪŮ洺ҲӦÿԡ
Ů洲¼˽֪յ˵ΪŮ֮ӵĲԽҲӦ
ԽüȻŮ֮ӣŮѹûܹ֪β죬Խ˵Ҳᡣ
ֺǺǵЦţ˵Ȼһͻġתѷޱ޾ĺڰѺ۲硣
ԽԸо֪΢һ¡
֪Լʲôôʲô£ƫƫѺһɡ
һ취ġ֪վǰһ˵
ʲô취׼Խ˵ڣ˷ſĿƷȥ֪滹ʲôΣգŮ֮ӣҵΡ
ɵģҵΣ֪һζԲԽڶ˳գǵڶΡ
ԽЦˣҵķˣξҵΡ
һ𡣡֪˵֪ܸˣԸһֱͬ빲
ǿϷһ㿴Ŷ˵ĻٿͷЦһЦһ߹ƣ˵ģޣǶ˵ЦˮҪЦŶޡ
֪ԽԽˣȻǰҲ쵫ǲ˺ģȴö֮ЩΪ˷˼˵ǷҲΪ
Ů洲ļأǿȥͻȻЦݣֱղЦ˵ָģ䲻˵ôһ仰԰ձ㱳ȥ
֪֡ܽ
ԽԺ
˻صڵɼɢĲˣջԭͣԼĹԣҧʻĶˣĶȥɿˣһƵط֪ҷžʲô𣡣
֪ҿ㲻Ǻϼ̸𣿡
̸ģըëǹôôأǰ˼ʶʱ򣬻徲ͬһ·˭֪֮ߴߴСȸһҸ˵ϲң˼ҲŹҡ
֮£ѽ͡
㣬˵ˣߣطȥǷˡտԼĽ𹿰
ǿҪһӡ֪ͲԽڲ֮ǰס緽Ϻ͹۲ѡ
յԲ۾ſ֪˵ͿˣʲôôģٵˣĵطͲԶǡ
֪Ҳ֪θսֻЩ鷳Ҫ
տ֪ͲԽһ۵ˡ
ʥ֪סЩӾ鷳տһˡ
һһ˻Լ֣֪֪ǴӦˡ
֪ͲԽȥФ֦˵л
ϣллФ֦ˡ֪ԽФ֦˰һݡ
ԽȻȥ˴ҲΣջǶлˣԽȻ㵱ĸס
Ф֦˰ѹŵĶԲԽ⺢ôôԽأ˵㲻ӡʩҲڴ㡣Ф֦̾˵Ӧ㻹ΪǷ˽ӣҷ˸ӻ˵ܲ𣿡
ĸΪŮ洣ʵǲԸĸ׵ĻһҲǿԵģ֪ҲɸһУΪĸףұضҲӡʩǰ㡣Ф֦˵꣬ĺһڲ衣
֪ͲԽԹԵĺһ̡
Ƿ֮ǰ֪˼澰æɨһļ˵֪ڲļˣǴǰסŵĵڣЩӱסļСнĵֽҲʱĹ㽫ļʰˣ֪ժͷϵĽδǡ
ʰʰһ֪ͲԽ֪ǰˮػĲԽȥڴϡ֪ԼСסŵļŶ˲ԽһңˮԵüЦˡ
ʱ֪Ҳ˱һЦЦüΪʣ֪ԽôЦ˺þã֪ˮЦʲôأ˵Խ
Խʵһ̫¶ˣˣͨǼ򵥵һüϴκŵǼٵģˣҲһֻüЦЦٿЦ֪δġ
Խ֪§ԼĻ૵ҵˡ֪ףȢþˡ
ʱһͻϲˣ˼㣬ҴΨһ롣
һ޸Ϊޣ㱻ȥɹǣ뷲䣬ٹһ껹Ҳ㣬ұ㲻Ըͣȥڣҵ㡣
ЩǲԽ˵ܡ
֪ŲԽ˵ЩǻģȻԼǰĿѲʲôˣϲ֮ǡԼΪãҲĪڴˣԻʲôأ
̧֪ڲԽ°ףǲŹιӲãˡ
ԽЦ˷ŨŨ⡣
ҹҹ̵꣬Ҷϣյ죬ʱʱСȴҲҪҶҶ۶һ㣬һĥǶ֪ˮҶڵڶ̫ʱԡ

22

ڶգ֪Щʹ֫ͬԽһȥĲĲҲ˵統вḻģޱɼҰ½мأɶ˻˽һŮвҹ䲹ļ¼ȴֻȼ֡
Ůһøƶ˵Ĺҵ˻ɫʯͷһѺķҶףǿʯͷСϪһʯʯͷһ̵Сԣҵһ覵ʯͷһִɫʯͷһȪˮҵˣŮ活ʯ졣
̫ϸ˰ɣ֪˵ô¾ֻôһ㣬ϸ֪üйصļء
ҪԼȥԽ˵ʼİٿ飬һҵߵںδָ֪˵ߵΪ˽
ƲʯҵʯԭҲпܵġ֪˵
ûԽ¶Цˣ֪Դǰɫʯֵܳλȷˣȷ֮ȥѰˡ
ܽǻɫʯͷȷĵصڵɫʯͷȷص඼ɽɫʯͷƺɫʯͷɳɫʯͷɽȪ
صȷ˼䣬֪ŲŰѵʰɾҪûˣ֮ǰ֪ͲԽϷФ֦˺ӡʩҪ˼ūڴڼǰæɨɨļ
Ф֦ϧ֪ͷ˵»飬ȥĶòײֿһΣһǶòż
֪ЦЦסФ֦˵ֵֻȥ˼һһߣ羰
Ф֦˾˵֪˼Сϰף»޽֮ȥһʱ䣬ǳΪʲôšˣˣ£
֪ţĵҲࡣ
ӡʩԼĸ᲻õ֪߶߶վԼԵĲԽϣզһˣ³ײײԽĸ첲
СϰӡʩһӿɲᣬԽ΢üӡʩĵͻȻǸʲô
ӡʩ˵ɶײһզˡ
ԽǰסƫԺӡʩûҲʱ
˽籣֪ӡʩ䲻һ䡣
ȻҪáԽ֮ǹɶ¡
ӡʩԼ֪׵ʱԽ̥Խʲô
Ф֦˵һ֮ӡʩΪӣϣʱܻһǴ֤һ¡
֪ͷӦˡ
֮ǰ֪ͻȻһ䣺̣Щô
˵ۣФ֦˵ɫһ֪ͲԽ˽⵽ˡ
»Щ˵Ⱥúȥ¡Ф֦֪˵
֪ͲԽ½һˡ
ϼӣ֪½̨Եӣɫɴ紵ҷɣĻζԼĽţϵ巢Ŀ˽磬֪һתͷվ
ϼЦˣ˵Ҽǵ㣬֪ǰûô磬û㣬ʱ֪㡣תֿ˲Խ֪ģҵСӡҪȥ𣿡
ϼЦĺܺÿ۽΢΢һֺ鶯ĸоǸŲۡ
֪㲻֪ңȴ֪ˣ˼Ļͽϼյǵ´ķзˣ֪Һͷ׼˽һ
֪һǰƲԽΪоеֵֹģϰߣȴ̵ġ
Խ˵ҲŵģͲѸ֪ˡ
˽ͦģԺҲҪ˽綨ӡϼӿ˱̨߽µ˽硣
ϼڵ˭𣿡Խʵ̨߽ΪıԵѵΪӶ䣬Խע⵽ϼӵֶЩӲˡ
ϼӵЦͣһ£ɵܵ˭أܲܵȵգһء˵Ҳ̫˰ɡϼӴԼ˫֣ǰҲûô䡣
ĻϼӴɲˡ֪˵
ϼӲЦţ˵ʲôأҸµǴ
֪ĬĬİһ٣ȰϼӵѾˣϼȥֵ𣿡
˿Ի׵ҲŲһؾշˣմʲôᣬǰǣҲǣһ֮ĲҽͲٵˣҲûҪţħʲôŶȢҡϼӱһһⲽЦ˵
֪˵ϼȥ˵ɡ
ϼŬŬ˵Ҳ˵ǲ֪ѵÿһλϡϼ͵ؿ֪ǲ֪
֪΢΢Цŵͷ
ϼӵ۾ˣЦšֻ֪˵ɲԸѽ
˽ıǣû´Ļһڶȥ˱֮Ƕס˵֪֪Ŀˣʱ˴ȥŴġ֪˵
ϼӸ˵ıס֪˵һúõ˰һķͷϵģ
򵥵ϼӱ˽硣
ո㼱𣿡Խʵ඼ĵտϼķӦ
ԼŲѻʲôú˵ףϲһ𣬲ϲͶϼ룬һСŮഺôŶϧ֪˵ҪϼӵԸϲ֪ž

23

Ϫѵò˵һ죬ڳǽоԼոĹ֪׵Ļٽ
ڳǽϣĻεԼȣȴҲͬš
Ϫһ˫۾ʱʱգĵôܰԼЩҲϰˡ
ٿأԭⲽתȦˣôˡ
Ϫ˵˭һĨٻӰ˳ǽ֮ϡ
ۣ찥ҵˡϼ֮ϲ
ϪеԾĹշվλãŷղ֪ʲôʱ򲻼Ӱ˹ˡ
ϼתһȦŷһˣߵϪǰ˵ð֪֪Ŀˣסһӡ
Ϫ¶˵ı˵ǹҸɡ
֪ˣһ˶Ǿס֪ҵĴϪϼǰ֪С
ϼ˫ֱ󣬲ĸϪţһ·Ͽ羰Ϫ֪ôһõطˣ꿴죬ˡ
תˣഩһЩˡϪѵתҹʱǡ
ڼ·һЩʵϼļҵĹϪص֪֪ĿˣЩôһó˲ʳСϼ
ϼӳһǺ«ﻹһЩСԣĺúðǰ˼ıˣһӻˮ
ϪҲͦͬ˵ĻҲһͣľ˻ʱ£ʱúܡ
ˣûһ߸ߵˣ۾ĺںڵĺ鶯Ƣе㻵еŵˣϼʵһ·ϱŲʲôˡ
ϪһϼԺһѡʵɣ
ϼߺ޵Ǹ˷ĳͺ¿
ȻϪ˵ȷʵôһˣ֮ǰڳǽϣ֮ͻȻˡ
ϼ˼ĵͷվڶԼ
ϪϼӴ֪ҵĿͷϪ뿪֮ǰϼʵҽϼʲôѽ
Ϫһһ˲ԭǴ˵еϼӣȻͬ˵еһĿʣϼŵĴȻ˴ѰյģϪϪ򡣡
ϼĬĬһ֣˵ϪһŶ
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ϲ֪ϺϡҲֱͷ˵ôôܳΪʲôҲҪӺɫС˵źһڲ豭Ĳˮˮ΢̣ˮͷҲʹ֪±
Խ治ɫĳţȥĵط࣬ԹĸֲɫҲ࣬˻ͦϲݲĿڸУ֪˵Խѿջϰ˹
ջϰ￴֪˵˫ʵզӿŪ죿
ԽЦˡ
ϰǳԾ˵˰ҿˣûɶॸӻ𰲣Ӵˡ
ϰûţ̣ԽʵҪ˵ʲôǿȻţ
ţ̰ϣԺһͷţСҼûãȥϰֱˬԺȥ
㶼𣿡֪ʵϰĻҾûôȫˣ
ԽͷЦݴһʱ䣬÷ͦ˼ģͦɰġ
ɰ֪Դһ֮˵Ļ
⡣֪ͻȻûɵ˵һ䡣
֪һѧݻ˵еӲе֣Խһ²ŷӦ֪˵ʲôЦʵ֪ʲô˼𣿡
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Խƺʱ·˳һ˵ں˵ĳܡ
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֪ҡͷʾ֪
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ϰʱöһ̳ЦúӴúܡ
֪ԭ£ϰ˵Ļ͸ˣֻ㡱ˡִʣȫССԴдʺš
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仰ȻŨŨݻζ֪ˡ
Թ˼ɵ𣿡֪ʵ
ͷ˼ϰһ̷֪ǰͷСڿúܣһͰ̼˷ŵͷصţ̾ˣͷһЩˮģζõúܡ
֪óһ仰ʲô˼Ρ
Խϰ˵ȻҸҷ˷һ£ϰȥæˡ
ϰЦ뿪ˡ
⣬ղϰ˵ʲôϰһ֪ʲԽ
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֪Ҩһ̶Ļģ֪Ц˵úóԣݵСԶúó԰
ã֪СԶ࣬ʲôϺģģˡ
ԽĬĬˣЦǴӻرǣ
֪֮˵ҲǲɡſԼԵģֺ֪ǺǵЦ

24

Խ֪ջϰƺľ巽ϰ˵ƺﻹÿȥҲԣ١ϰﵥΪԽ֪ɽˮġ
ƺԽ֪סջԶͨ˵ϴſɵ֪ͲԽȻͬʱִƺ
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ٵϡϡô࣬˽ƺ֪ŲԽȥһ
ܵվһǰ˵ⶸһħħħŮɽŵɫƵɫŵɫƫƫһɽħɫ߽ϳƺħҲúܣɽֻɽֽ֮ħ˱ҵС
˵Լ¾ħĵط¹ڶ࣬쳣ͣЩˡ
ͷƭˣϹϹ
֪һڱ£һڣ沿۽ǺǱŮӻÿӡ
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֪ȻЩЦãֻһ۲
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ո˵ǸϹ֪˵ӷӻͦߺ޵ġ
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˭סڻססﻹԽ֪Űݡ
صģŮϪˮʯѰɫʯͷʯͷȻҪˮѰõģƺˮδҲ̫ˣҪѰʲô̲ɳءֲÿջϰ֮ǰ˵ƺǿˮġ
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Խס֪֣˵м㷽ġ
֪Լָ̬ٿ˵ȡʱⶼʵصعһһػػƺ֪ʯͷ䡣
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ѰʯͷĻ֮ҪѰɽ֪Դ
Խһ룬֪ı£ڸϵƺ߻ؼ֮ǰԽߵ˼˵ƺɽŵɫػģ֪λɽĶ𣿡
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бſ֪һۣ˵ҡ
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֪һûס͸Ц
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25

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Ҳ˵һͿްɡ֪˵Ҫǻ˵ˣһҲν⻰˵Ҳûôأôһ޾Եýˣ˵ˣ˲ô˵
֪ƨֲңԶ֪жѹħڲԼᣬ۾޵ͨ죬ģίίģٿվȱ۵ˣǾȥŵɫʥɽҲҲɽ񡣡԰գħǰ˱ҵС
Խ
֪˵͸¶Щʲô˵Ϣ
ţԽʵϾ֪ǷȫһħĻأ
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֪ǺЦˮûɵħ˵Ǿ߰ɡ
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ħûлش⣬ŵɫʥɽһҲҵҪɽ񡣡
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Խͷȷʵ֡
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ϰﲻ˵ãһ˵֪;ö÷ڵȴ׼÷֮ǰϰһûһĺ֪죬ʣǽȥƺˣЩط
֪ƺߵķҪо˼֣һֲ֪ʲô˼ˣԺϰҪǲԽ
ȥͦطģҡ̲ɳЩԽش
ϰ¶̾ıǻߵãһһŸ˶ʹˣҺСˮϴݽš
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ôһʣԽʹڱҵ¡ʵűﱻһħ
ϰͷ˵ôһ˵
ǱԭأԽʵ˵Ѿһ˵һ仹ű˵ء
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˵ͱµߵ˵ࡣ
ϰһǷ££Щ˵ĸأˣȥ˯˹ԡ
Խͷϰߺ֪Щûĵط
ҲûдʲôϢ˳극ϴϴЪϢ׼ŵڶǰƺ

26

ڶ֪Խ˴ȥƺ·ʱվڱο˵ŹƺĴ£ħŵĵطһ˫һԲµµתſΧοͣʱʱ֦ȥһӵϵɳ
ﵹǿ޺ġ
ٿأħͻȻ̧ͷֱֱĿ֪ͲԽվλãħ΢ü֪⵱Ǵкһ֣΢΢ͷͲԽǰŵɫʥɽ
ŵɫʥɽҲѰҵŵɫʥɽ֮ܿѰɽϵʱƺĵ٣ڲҪŵɫʥɽ޼ˡ
ɫҪǰ׺ƣɫǽһʥ֮Уɫһׯأɫĵ׺װ͸¶˹֮С
˵ƺػǴŽأ
δʲôߣ֪ߵţ˵˱ƿţϾ񣬲ǰרЩ֪һߵݻɱҪģҲڽǷ£֪Ҳ̹
ҲǸɾƹһγ֮󿴼˰ڷĵطһһŮϽԶƽˣΪƺˮԭ񶼲ڵ̳ˮ֮ϡ
ŵɫʥɽϵڹ֪һŵɫһΪ꣬Сںðһ
֮ǰ˹ݵԲѵ棬ǲܹݵģϾ˭Ǹ߰أ
֪ͲԽվ֮ǰ۾ʹţĿ֪ͲԽվĵطԽʵ߶Ŷλɽˣɽɷһ
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֪֪λŮ֮ӲԽһ󡣡
ޣŵɫĿ¶ȣԽ㾹Ů֮ӡ
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ŵɫЦЦ˵Ҳ²£ǽΪ֮£Īɫʯ
㣬һ»ͦ׼ģ֪Ů洵Ĺϵܸܲ
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ŵɫƵһЦ˵ѰλøߣܵãʢֻⱦҶͣժȡһΣա
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˶ħܶ䣬λҪġŵɫҲ˵ħ˵ԣԻ˵ģλĪŲˡ
Խͷ֪
֪õɽ·ϲ䱻ݵĶëݻֱۣ˿ڻ֪۵죬ԽҲһ·С֪ߡ
˵˱£ħ˶ʲôʱ򵽴ոպôӱг
ħŲԽԼʵôνɽҪĶ𣿡
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֪ôҲ벻ףǰһˣôһഫĴħˣ֪͸ħݼ̫á
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֪ĵƨ£ס߹ܵô
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ҡҡħ֧֧˰˵һ仰Ҿ֪ôˣ
뿪ҵķΧƭ㲻뿪Խʵ
ҲǣûСħͷЩǣ˵ԼûʲôĻҲûУһֿˣ߿ޱ˵Լûƭˡ
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֪ҲʲôǵģһĲãӿħǰʵ㵹˵˵Ϊʲôժ
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֪ûҪÿ˼ħʵ֪ǽ᷸Ĺ𣿡
֪ʵ֪õɫʯ𣿡
ħһ㶣૵ԭҪɫʯ۾һɺ졣ħߺЦƹ֪֮С
ħ˱ңұƶ֪ͲԽ޷ֹˣ֪ħұ֮ǰסκħҲ޵
ˣħ֪ƾԼ޷ѿ֪֮ͲԽˣժ
ᣬϧ
͸¶ʵУһҲٵģһɺƺǷ
ħڵϣͷʹţરڵһˮӡԽұһһɺ죬ħ̧ۿһɺǱȡ˵˵ϣʪ͸˵۾Ż谵գһʣ͵ؿ޳ͬʱ³һѪ
ˣʲôˣƺˡħ૵
ʲô꣬ûժɽ꣬ժɽŵġԽһ˵ôôܿޡ
ħһӵűҰɽһʱ泩ˣûڡ
֪Խһһɺ쵽֪ǰ
֪⣬ɽŵһɺ첻Ƹ߳õһɺ죬ԽҪ֪һһɺɺɽһһģһɻأ֪ӲԽӹһɺ죬һɺïʢɽһ졣
ħɵ㶵Ŀţ˵ԭô
֪
ħ֪˵ҽ⿪ɡ
֪ջޣħԼӲ˲ֲ˲ǵѪ
ôúÿô̭أ

27

֪ͲԽٴ̤ǰŵɫʥɽԽ֪֣߱˵һ⣬ŵɫ˵ħǻģҪժһɺ죬ħȴ˵ûһɺƺˣô˼һɺĴڶƺʮҪģҪһֲƺػȴȥժ
ԣһһ˵ѡ֪ܽ
ֻǲ֪Ƕħħƺػ
˵һɺݸŵɫƣŵɫЦӯӯһɺʢĻ꣬˵
ﻯһɫҫŹâɫʯݸ˲Խ
Խӹɫʯ˵л
Խ֪ת뿪֮ʣŵɫʵժʱ򣬱ڱҵħǣ
֪ףԵĵ˵ͷ
ŵɫЦЦ˵
Ȼƺطɻ󣬵֪ͲԽ˴ʱ漰ȥϾиҪҪ
ٴ·ʱħλãŶʵǸɫʯ𣿡
ˡ֪
ħ˵ƺһھԿʵģǲűʯȥһ
֪һ۲Խ򵥵ͬħ뿪֪֮ʵҪȥһ𣿡
ȥ˼ıʯпǼٵģǴһٵıʯȥʯ죬롣Խ˵üͷ壬ΨѲ£и˼˾
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ӰͶУ֪ġ
ӾﴫһһԶһʱڶһʱߣƮ첻ȴƺĳǣ֪ͲԽ¾С
̤Ͼˮ֮ϣˮӽŵ·֪ԺˮȻعʱֻԼվھ֮ϡ
ŵ·ǰֻ˵
棿֪ɻһ£ʵԼûʲôһ˵˶⿴˵ĻȤ֪һȦͼѰҵԽȴڵĵطʵ磬һʶ֮Уδȥ
˻ش
֪զͲˣ䣬֪Ŀ⿴ˮ棬ǲԽһʼ֪ΪǲԽˮ֮£ˮĲԽͬһģһĶⲻǲԽȻԼˮĵӰ
ˮΪӡġͻȻޡ
棿ʵģΪ֪벻ΪʲôԼʵģǲԽ㱼˵һ䣬ǲԽһʼΪǳϦԭմϵģڿƺˡ
֪ٴλʱѾӸղŵ֮гˣԽԣ֪ʵ㿴ʲô
Խشˮ浹ӡʯǼٵģͨĶůʯ԰ձ㽫ļٱʯˮУ
ʲô𣿡֪ˮʵһǾйӡյ˵ģıأôһ衣
Խһ˷ֱʯǼ٣û쳣
֪˼ĵͷص˵ŵɫƺʹƭǡ·뵽ʲô֪˵ԵǸŮ洵ıʯҲпǼٵģ
鱦ʯһ⣬ʯȻҲ⣬ֲŮ洲ҲĹٴˣôűԽŵɫƺʹ겻ʲô࣬Բʯٵˡ
Խͷ˵ŵɫƺʹܲƺػػӦǱڱҵħ
ȻԽ˵Ļ˳ϣ֪ȴһҲԾһ·Ϲ̫࣬һֱûͻƿڣӾõһͻƿ֮һͬһͨˡ
һʼ˾ͱĴ˵Ϊ˼άԺǱʶڸԼħǶħŵɫƺʹػƺɽ׿Щ˵롣
һħΪʲôֱ֪֪ŵɫʥɽĸλñʲôݸ˵ģ˵ħƺػػԼػĵطʲô˷ʲô£Լʹħڱ֮Ҳ֪ڱ֮ƺ֮ڵ顣
֪ͲԽڶƺʱħȺ֮Ҳһۿ֪ͲԽҲ˵ͨˡ
ǹһɺ죬һĻ֮Ҳ㲻ʲôˣΪŵɫƺʹ겻ƺػǶڹغƺΣĻֻܲ˺ÿӵУΪħƺػ֪ͲԽִҪժһɺʱļѪ
Ȼʼմһ⣬ħΪʲô˵Ϊʲôػŵɫƺʹֻƭ𳯰ݵɽ񡣡֪ʵ
Խҡͷ˵˵ˣһֱڸǡ
һֱڸǣ֪Ȼͨˣһʼһʼ֪˵ħ˼ҵķˣʱħ߿ޣϸϸһԩ˵ĺһ۾ȫίħƲ˵ɽλãʵϾΪָ֪ͲԽҵŵɫƺʹꡣ
֪²ħӦı˽䣬ֹ˵˵࣬Ȼ˵һֱͼñķߴ˵֮ǰ֪ħҪҪһȥŵɫƣһʼħ˵ԼԶ룬ûݣ֪²ħҪ˵ԼԶ벻˱ңӦ֪ҪһȥҲΪ˸֪ͲԽ޷뿪ҡ
ŵɫơԼħĴ˵Ǽٵģǰħһֱڱáţһֱͼֲ߱࣬˵ίĿޣԭܶί

28

Խ֪ǰңȻħΪػôȻ֪ɫʯںδ
ħλãԶ˵ħǿŵɫƵĴ˵˴˵ԴһȵοͰʯͷ򱦾ңʯħ۽ǣ͵һۣһٴۣħôĿǰ顣
֪Ȼһ󱯴һ㱣˶Ϊħ㳰Ц㣬㻹ѡȥ
Һþöûпƺˮˡħ˵꣬ǰ꣬ұ˵ħͻȻһѪ
֪Խʶħǿƿ䡣
ƺһĵطԽԽ࣬ٳûбػƺȻû˱ǣǱԼԼı񡣡ħ˵ŵͬʱѪҺʱһǿǱƺ±ǵͷˡ
һ죬ƺһŮɽҲŵɫƣʱÿһһɺƺʲôء
˵߾ߵˣƺסһӡ
ҵʱʲôҲû룬ʹӦˡ
վ٣棬ŵɫڵʱҶԾũСӿ˳ĴСһ㽡
ŵɫʱ˵ҺÿӵǸϲĽ
˸˵˯ţΪҲңΪǽħһͬʵˣﰵͬδˡ
ʱҪŵɫƣʱѾʲôҲȥˡ
һϣŵɫԼһھũʮ壬Բھ˾ǵϵŵɫſϣһڡ
ҵʱÿ죬㱼俴ھ뿴ңҵʱһȴҲûʲô֮֮󣬾Ҳˡ
ħ˵ţѪᣬֻ˵һ
֮ŵɫҶ˵ƺһþӡ
˵ҪþӣҸ˵ĲУŸһɽɽΪŵɫʥɽ
ƺһ֮ƺƺǰδйϾػħҪҲãɰȴΪͻȻֵƺػĻܿʹˣɾһ֮ڴķз뻹ڰƲ
ٵִֵΪŵɫƻһ𣬱Ͼ׹֣ΪⱲӷҲޣԾ˵ƺػҲνϾ޹
һ죬ŵɫƴһ˵ƺ˵ã֪ԭһƭӡ
ŵɫƺʹȫԼƺػ񣬶ԴСֵ̬Ű裬ľԽԽ࣬ħѺദĵûкӲӲ˸ȥ˵Ĵ۵ԭСħɲܡ
۷˽ΪΪ˰֮ŵɫƶչһսǶ׼˰֣ƺڶ࣬Ҳ˽ڱ֮¡
˵ĴħһѪһ˱ұϣ˿˵ұͲʲôնĻ˽粻Ƿǣֻڱ˵˶ǱڱҲػƺ
ҴС͸˵һҲʲôػǧȥѾˡ
ħǿѽ䣬ܵķɣѾĿҲ޲ֻӲϵĴۿӻóһʯҰʯƺػ񣬾Сͻ棬һһ׼ƺҷġ
Խӹʯʯò൱˽ʵ۵һ㡣
ħ˵ҪҵıʯŵɫϲľӵƬһֱ޸ǰѾӣȻеһƬԼȥҰѣɢƺĸط
ħԽԽȻʲôҲˣ˯һ㿿ڱұϡ
֪ͦζģ߬Լ֣ѹͷһ˲Ĺбưô꣬Խ֪֪ѹˣ§֪Ķͷ谲ο
ħͻȻˮ˸飬λվ˵ҪȥҾҪȥҾ
֪˵ôˣͼħݺˤ˵ϣԽħɫһƬ԰ף˵ţ뾵
ԽʵĶǴȥ

Խħ֪ԣð̤ȥ·ϣ֪ʱעħڲԽıϺ˯ˡ
ħһվ֪Ϊħûпô⣬ԽȴǻعⷵգħҲֻǵſ
ʱˣԽ֪ܿħ˾Խħһԡ
֪˵ǵˡ
ħ۾ΧһȦòͣôԤϵűˮ˵ľˮ棬˵ϼҡ
䣬˵˵ϡ
ħ֪ǰһȥ̽ĵȻȫޡ
Խǣס֪֪ŲԽ˵ˡ
šԽס֪оЩ΢΢
ۿһ˵ʲôĸܣڸ㻥Цձ̱һ˵һ뾹һҲ˵ˡ֪ʼվòͬ˴ģϲ̬ʵһĥ

29

Ȼ֮䣬Խ֪ʲôˮ򾵺ӾһŮӣŽϴһֻɫŻˮһһߡ
ħԣ̽̽ħıϢħƺʲôҲûиܵŮüͷ
ԽʵʹǾ𣿡
Ů̧ͷ˵ᡣ
֪֮ǰھһģһԭǸˡ
ħʯϣǽػλáԽʯݸ
ӹʯͷźħ˵ֻ֪̯Ӹᣬŵɫƣβػħ۽ǣʵΪ۽Ƿ죬Ϊζޣ
Ҳ֪ħޡ
֮ǰһֱ߶㣬̸ޡ֪˵
ᡣЩ֪ͷȴҲûϵǽز
֪Խ˻ħ£ħɴͲʺػ񣬶෴ﳤҪħһͬػסƺ
ŵɫ֮ǰȷʵһֱȥģŵɫ֮ħӲһȰ߰ˣħ;мʮ겻˵
һħѰֻķԼˣȴҲû뵽ħΪ˿һģħͬ˵ЩֲԼϲ˭ˡ
ѹĵŭĵħȻ˻ģֻԼۡħˮϣһ˵ıҪѿ壬ȴ˺һħµˮſʼֳӰûħ壬Ƴ˾ڡ
ħ˵Լûп˭һ۱ϳ˸ֳӰԼģ˵ЩãԸħַģϣħܹĳһԼ˼ϲ˭
ȻڱµǧѾ˼ˡ
ﶨԹģԹǧ겻ȥһΡħڻħ¶ȵĶͷϣһǧҲԹƺôľڷ
꾵ϲˮգ֪֪ǷˮС
Ѿԭ˴ǰ꣬½һµĺӣһֱŵɵӣͻϲ˵顣ɳֻ࣬Ҫѹ
Ƶͳʪּžˮյ˻䡣
ԽȻӿޣħ;
֪һ㶣Ҫʲô
Ҳ˾裬ŲԽʵ£
ÿԽԾ˵ħ
֪ӲˣԼҷǺȻˣһʬѲҪŰʬˣ͵Խ˵˲ٿħһ·˲٣𶼼ڱ
֪סԽֱۣ˵Խɲء
Խˣǰ˶ΪʲôˣԽ͵ܾܲ
֪һŵ
üɫȻʵзӾ
ҲȫаգֻԶѣ㲻ԸҲɲԡԽ˵Ȩȫھ
ħƷڵվ˵һʬˣһҲۣܲǾ͹һԡ
ڲԽ﷢һůɫĹ⣬ɢʱ֪ĵϣŮ洵ıӡޡŮ֮ʱ˵Ч̫ͣŮ洱ñˮӳһˣиôصģʵǲǾͲˡ
ħϣ᲻ʹģ˰죬ҲʲôѹĶ
ʱϣձȾѹ

30

޷ˡ˵ĿǰиҪȥѣ
ħãԲԽ֪֣˵鷳λһ£빷ʱϣһ֮֮ǰԱʯ٣ھǡһ飬ǶλܰᣬԸһ鱦ʯ
һҲ
ŵɫʥɽ֮ϣգŵɫԺϸϸƷ裬ŵɫʵһɺ죬˵øƿӲ
ǰŮͬİ취ƭƺҪһ껨ͬķƭһ껨־Ц˵
Duangһһֻ߿ţϵĽŻĶŽ˵˵δǣý
ŵɫƺʹ꿴õĲ֮ͣЩɻǧҲ磬ˡ
ȷǺþòˣһȺȲ裿ŵɫƶ˳˵̬˵
Ц
˳ǣ˵ҲǺȺȲʲôġ
Ϊأŵɫüͷ˵
ȻΪˡǣ԰ϻһģԾΪѸӳʶ磬ڵĵ˾ˮ棬ͣһˣϴĵյӰˮ棬ͬӳˮĻڳˡ
Խ֪֪ʱӽˣĬĬվھ
ˮΪӡġǲ²ҿʲôӵģ˵
ŵɫЦЦûѾĻϣ˵ʵûѾ˷ǧǰܰôǧ֮ȻҲܰΣһǧ겻СޣһݲŮޣû⣬ܰôһŮ޺ˣŮ洱ƭԼûӱƭô
ĲˣΪ˾Ҫп˵ӡŵɫЦЦָˮմһˮϻȦһĵģ
ῴϹʶ˭ػˣ˲ƶŵɫǰס˵ػ˰Լˣ
һھϣԽס֣ԽЦЦ˵Ů˵Ҫϳȥء
Ʒӣսչ
Ȼûϵһ秵СӾȻôܴ֪ҲǳһһƼԽ֣Ȼǲһˣָм֮ȣֺ֪žԼҷǱأԼǼ񵽱ˡ
ǧڿԷйˣһŵɫƶͷϣŵɫ˺üǧǰħǣȱ۵£ʱͲô꣡
һ˵һŵɫƶ⣬һʮͣЪġ
ְ껹ְôǧѾỹ𣿡һưŵɫſڹ̨֮ϣŵɫѪ˵һ仰Ŀȼ̨ϣ͵ץ̨ת۲ȥ
֪ӦץסŵɫƵ˵ǲϲܵģҲϲִܡأﶼҵ
֪԰գŵɫƲҽһһڵϣѾһƬѪ죬֪δıŵɫƵĽ

31

ʱ˿̲ԽʹҲһҵɱ֪ŵɫúѵŵɫƵ·ƮƮģ֪һͻ֪鲼ĵļҲʣֻ͵һ𡪡
ɫƣ
ɫħ֪ΪԼ鲽ӵͰ˵ţʲôҲǡ
ֻ֪ߣ˵ŵŵɫƣһԧӣƺľ֣˵Ļһ
ԽԸ޽ʵô
Ϊƺ侲˵ǰĶ˲һ˿һĸ顣
ˣŵɫʵԹ޵ؿžõŷΪ
£ŭЦǧǰ˾𣡰ǰڲŮժž黨𣡣֪ûž黨ƺǧֺѩضɽҡֵǶˣֺ᲻ɱ궼ˣ
ΪΪûΪͿӮ𣿡ŵɫƲЦţ˭Ҳߡ
ŵɫƸ˵Խ׹ˣ˵нᡣ
нᣬҲھʶУŵɫһ磬緶Χڣ˶ڶˡ
ŵɫƵ˵ڶǱû˸˵һҵȷƲĽ磬ڶʱҲƿҵĽ磡ŵɫ˵һ߷һһһ£һϷܿ콫Χˡ
֪Խƽ緽ļܣԽ⿪±˾ϣֻǽ⿪˵Ľ粢֮£ŵɫƼ㾡ȫµͬھĽ硣
ԽԶΧ¶ˣƿϡרĽ⿪磬Դʱ˿̣Խ֪Ѳܰʲôæо֮ˮֻҨˮ˻𣬲Խ֪Ӷӽˮ˻ȴһֱˮн֮С
ԽԽѾ
֪÷лգһǰľҲģԽ״ԣ鿴֪סԽƺŲŻаȫС
粻
мս⿪硣Խʵ֪ͷ
ü˵⿪û⣬ֻʱѡ
ԽԴʱǵȴ

32

ŵɫƺʹ걻ͬҲȱٿһֻ˯״̬
ҧһ״̬Ǻܺõ֪ͱĲԽѶ˴öڴˣħŰػλøԼܾ
Խôţ־ԽǼᶨԼԼķ·ħԽ֮⣬ΪԼܳ˻þ˶ħɴӽ⴫
ħԽ˵
ֹһôͲǻþˣʱҲ˲ûϲ⺰ħ˳ҵڵλá
⾲һħ𣿡
ȻǴӾһ淢ģЩ΢΢һ⿪硣
áħ˵
˺⿪һ˵ЧҪĶ࣬ܿŵɫµĽͱƿˣһӿ˽֪ԼֻˣǰľԽԽӲԽ£Ǻˡ
Խ֪۽ǣ˵ûˡ
Һû¡
ħվţű˴ˣħ֣ħΪҪԼæսһϾһϡ
׳գЩĺ£
ûпԷӵͻһҲħֲǲ֪ôģħ￪ĵĽžԼϴ˵ɣʹң֪Ǹ򡣡
˵˵ħֿʼһѱһᣬ˵Һ㡣԰սڻ
ҲţʵͲˣħͷˡ
Ļʢţܿ쾵µĽҲ᲼֪˿ɤ˵ܳȥԲ𣿡
ȳȥ˵
ħŵɫͻȻһҳȥ𣿡
ʱŵɫƵûԾʱĵĮȡ֮Ǹ
һħ˵Ҫߣ
ħشôĴ˾һεĸ
Ȼ׵ģȴЦ⡣
ħ֣ҴˣɫƴˣǿԴ¿ʼŵɫƶħ޵ɽ˭ס
ȻʱǨȣħǧڳɳ࣬ʲôԼҪģŵɫֻĲںˡʱ˿ħֻϣŵɫƿ죬ò׾ǧ겻

33

ŵɫƣһֱΪӮᣬʵûӮǧǰǧ궼ˡȻĿŵɫơ
ڻ֮ҡҡ׹ŵɫƿһһ߳˺ѷεĺħ
ħͷҲûлء
Խ֪Ըջغŵɫƺʹһڣ˵ҪɫʯУֻҪǿϾǣҪǶ
ҪԽ˵֪뿪˽硣
֪ͲԽ֮߳˽磬ħӽһֱɵǺǵЦţʵЦʲô
ЦǿǸˡħЦ˵ʲô˵ѰһǳҪˣһӵһ˼Կһ
Nɪ˵
ޡħһԼЦݡ
֪ͲԽ˵лλȥὫʯǡ
˻ص˾ھˮ֮ϣˮһ󲨶оƺʲôҪˮ棬һγˮ棬³һ龧Ө͸ɢɫâıʯʯݸ֪
֪ӹʯֲðѺӴұҲҲűʯԭ֪˵л
ڰ˵ӦллǣʯͷûκãֻŵɫռӦˡ
֪ͷ
ƺػıʯó׸ħ˵Ȼˣػͻꡣ
ħػʯھ˵ãʺλá
ػʯƻȥ˵˭ϡⶫǰḨػŵǰ֮ض
ħճЦ˵һˣ˭ػһ
ĿƳһۣߺߵЦЦûһɵӡ
õʯ֪ͲԽ˿ջ뿪ջٴλ֮ʱѾʱˣϰſ˵һΪҪϲŻĻ硣
֪ڷǰ˵Һö
ۣɶӰͷСȥӹͷ˼ڰڻˮƬϰʵ
ˮƬ𣿡Խ֪һµı֪û˵ķһ¡
𣿡֪ʵ̫ܲס
Ĳϰ˵
һ֪ˣæԽֱԼˣϰ˵ǿԵġ

34

֪֮󣬷ϲ˵ĻԾǡġ
ǰӲӵ㿴һɳȴζڳʦ֪֪ܳζ֪пɽܡ
ڿջϢһ֪ͲԽڴϣʼ˷޶˯֮ǰġ
֪Ű췢˵ħ˵ħһҲ̫Ͽɵģ㿴һ𡣡
ϲһǺûйϵġԽ˵λΪλ֪۾ŷһ˼ģ
֪˵ȷʵͦϡģħΪһصػδš̾һ˵һƭӣǼɻħػħʲôͬأ
ǵıǣ˵ĻҲҪ׵šԽ˵
Խ˵仰֪ԺʱۣѶʱɱ澵ͬԽԽüͷԽϲۡѾӴԽ֪Դ˵˯ɡ
ڶڿջ˳緹ϰĵʶ˽ҪȥԽɽȪ˵
ϰ߸˵˵ҲһõطȪһСһ˵һȪˮͶˡ
档֪Խķ֮˵
һ˵ϰڷǰͶǺܾúܾǰþǰҲã˵ӵģʱһ𺱼ĺ֣ûˮģͷ꣬ͷˮˣǸʱ˺öŶ
һǺ˺ȪãɶҲãĵˮʱˣҲˣȪþʹȥѰˮԴ
ﻹǶ¸ңʱɽϸҰޣǰҰûöԣ׶ĺܡǰԶȶ£ȪãպҵһȪˮõǣһͲˮȥʱͷˣͷ׵úܣˮ
֪ʵʲôͷˣ
һЩطĵ졣Խ˵
ϣСЩͷ˲ˮɽͷιǣСѡȪˮȪˮԺͿްޣίȪõĿͷˣͷǵȪˮǰʱ򣬿ͻȻֹͣˣԭȪˮͻȻһӶûˣʧˡ
ͷŵòˣΪˣȪˮԣȪõĿѴˣȪˮȹǶӡ
ΪֻҪһ㣬ȪˮͻԺ˾͸ȡΪȪȥ˿ͷһʯͷῴˮ½񶯡
ͦģ֪ţŹͦϰ˵˳緹ڼٳԼ׼ǰɽ߶
ȪõĹı֪[1]˳.ȪĴ˵γ[J].ˮ,1991(03):10-11.

35

緹֪ͲԽȪȪҲңڵ˵ָºܿҵ˺ȪȪˮߴһȪˮô˵أƽƽ棬ʲôر֮
˺˶ˣ˵ЩȪԽԽ֣Ȫˮ䣬ڷƢһ
Խӵϼһʯͷˮһһ񶯣ͬʯͷˮűۿɼȪˮ˲ͬδĹƼѸٶһ
档֪˵
Ȫãðţ󣬿ɷԽżɽ˵
δл졣
֪ͲԽغ˺üζûӦǲԽ֪û뵽ģȥ˶ƲһȥѰɫʯ
ȪƺͦС΢ģ˵һЩȪˮҲߣôںʲôأϸϸһ룬Ҳµͷˣ
˳ʱûз󶯾ȪˮѾǻغͷһˮλ
ʱɫѾ˰̬֪һԵ̬˵Ȫ㲻ú£Ѿûͷˡ
ûл졣
ûŲ²͸Ȫõ˼ֻôظ֪ת뿪֮ʣо״ͻȻһ⣬֮һ͵һ˲֪ˮԽӦҲ죬Ըȥס֪֪ˮ֮·ˮôҲҲš
Խɫһӱ
֪Ľױţһּٶˮζţˮ̫ڣģģֻܿһɢͷŮˣԼһɫβ
ˮʱ̫ȱٿ֪ǰʧȥʶ
֪˶á
δ𡪡
һˮ֪ϣ֪Ƶתѣǰǻ谵ģӲ֪δСĹԴϳһɽ֮С
֪һܣڻ֮ǰĶֲǼ٣ʵʵڿĻǳ˻þ
˵Ѿûͷˣ
ͻȻ֪Ŀ͵һŷɽ֮ڻһˣ֪˳ķ򿴹ȥ֮һųͷŮ˱֪һʯͷϣٲͷסŮ˵Ρ
֪Ȫá
֪߾شʱǨûͷˣȪá
ʱǨȪ૵ʲôˣ
֪һ۾̽ڣһ߻شԼȥ

36

ԼȥһȪһֱֻۣҲǳˮ׵ԭֱԵò԰ףⳤָʪʯϿۣʯϳһǳĻۡ
ɽǾˮûʯûʲôɰʯԸղȪõָײӼ¾ȻӲӲʯͷĺۼһΣٴϮ
Ȫƺͨˣ˵ǰӦóȥһǣǡ
֪ڵĿʲô
ҪõһɡȪÿǽĶֹͣˣӱ濴ִԼϡ
ΪʲôҪ㣿֪ʵ˭֪ȪҪʲôһأ
ȪóĬһƺ˳˼֪˵еƾʲô֪ҪأƺʲôȪ˵֮ǰһڰϣ˵ңΪ£
ûɫıʯ֪̹Ȼ˵
Ȫ˵ͷЦˣֲһǰһƶţĦԼĴȣ˵аΪɣҵҪҸɫʯ
ƺˣ֪ʵҪʲô
ȪĦȲĶֹͣˣ֪Ӳģתӣ֪ͫٿصɴȪôδţ԰׷ļϲ˴СС࣬ڵϣ֪Ϊһ˺ܾõˡȻ֪Ϊ𾪵Ȫõ°Ȼһɫβ
Ȫõ۾һƺ壬ƺֿţֱ֪ͦſȪõβȣɫϰһҰףȪվ֪һƵȥ֪ĸǰ
֪µ˫ֽգ׼ʱӦԿܷȱ㣬˵ľ벻һӵĳȣȪ˵ãҪʲô
˽ľ룬ֻ֪ܿȪõľ뷴۾ˣһɫͬ˵ɫס֪Ȫõ֪Լ
ôһ˲飬һذ֪ûʶ
֪
֪ͻȻѣŤͷ˿ܣںӰߣԽԣ˲Խǰվպϼ
ôˣ֪ʵôһպϼˡ
ԽһĽ֪ýģԽ˵Ȼؿջ
֪ͷʪ͸ˣĽ
֪ʱȣԽɽһҿջ˺ִܿ˿ջ֮˰龭֪

37

֪ȪȪ֪ѾʧˣǰԽƾԼȪҲûҵ֪ëˣ֮±ǧźװս֮ͬϼӣ˼ڶСɽҲûѰ֪Ӱµϵһ̲ˮɹɣôҲѰš
ֱ죬ԽǸӦʲôǰһ뺬ȪԶСӣںӰҵ˻Ե֪
ֻ֪һϵ飬Ȼȥ죬Ҳɽ﷢˵
ҪʲôأϼЦ˵۾ֱֱִĿ֪
֪ϼ۾ûɵȪõ˫ۣȻϼ˫۾̫ˣ֪˵˵ȪñͷȥѣٳٲҳȪԭ²壬˶ʱẦµĶɽ̸˼䣬оó߳ȪҪĻ᲻·
Ÿоеϼ˵
հһۣϼӼװû
ҪĵڶʲôԽʵ
֪ҡͷȪòδ˵Ҫĵڶʲô
ȪòΪʲô㿴βϼʵɽҮ棬δ
Ҳȷ˷˼ģȪʵʵӦǸ˲ŶԣβΪΡ
һ˵ǧٹֵ¾Ͷˡ
ϼһ˿˿ĳô£ѧյ̬˵Ŷǧٹֵȷʵ࣬ʯͷĳһúһ
ձ뿪䡣
֪ϼ½ҵգѯʶΡ
ϼʱ˵أһʼڱﲻңҳȥϪһ棬ҷպϲϪȻȻײˡ
֪һ޳
֪֪չֵΪ˶ÿ϶Ϫҡϼֱ֪ԹھǽñԹĻᡣ
Ϫô֪ʵ
ϼ˵ҺϲѽĺȤŶȥ˵ʱ򻹻ӣһСͷһ
߶߶ţȻЩѷ֣ϼҪϺ֪һ˯
Żϼûϼյ¡ԽǲģԼҷûֻ뱧ڻ粽룬κƼ֪ĵҲͦĵģԽǲ鲻ԸİѴλøϼ
߶߶ţҹ˯

38

ˮζˮȣ֪Ŀš
㡪
֪ͣ½Ų˵ϸϸ
֪Ҫʲô𣿡
ӱ֪һתһ˫ɫ԰׵׼ϣ֪סȣ
Ȫסִ֪֣֪ӲֱĶ֪ͷһǴоȻȪõβȪһΣ֪Ҫʲô𣿡
֪ĿȪ˺۵ϣҪʲô
ȥϲ
֪˲˹ڴߵϼӣֻ֪ϼӵȹڣ֪ʩʩȻİȹһɿ
ϼЦЦ˵û뵽ôճˣȥϸ㶼ҪʺüΣץҵȹڲš
֪ЦЦҲˡ
緹ȥװװϲˣһǰվ˵Ҫرˡ
ϼӵǹ̹ͦ𾢣һһȹһ˵ߣҪ߾߿ʥԼʧ죬ѽҪȥΣյĵطˣȻҪˣ尡
֪·ҧгݵϼĸ֪˵վǾ˼
ͲԺҲϲ㣿֪ʵͦΪϼģϼ޳֪Ǻܸ˵ġ
ֻڱһִǣţˡ
ϼЦЦ˵ٵһ꣬ҪǻϲңҲŲϲˣһֻëߡ
Ļȫŵж٣
Խվŵ֪߰ȹѡãԽһգʵһϲϼӣ
¶ŵı飬˵ߴߴȸҷ˲ϲ
Խ˼ĵͷ˵Ը˵ϲ
ЩС˵˵˵ģ˵˺ܶˣǶ˽Ķ仹ӣȥ
һ˵ܸܵġԽ˵ЦЦ㣬ܸҪ˰ɡ
ֹһ䣬Խû塣
Խӣһúø֪֪ϼһ߿ȹһ߳ӡ
ϰĿ˴ž²ףһǷǸڵؽСϲȹʽ֪о˳˳ԼȹڣͷһһݵƤǵССʵˣҿԳһ𣿡ָָ֪һӡ
ϰɫ䣬һſˣѾͷûԱǰɹܿҪԵģӣ˵ţ˳ֳɨҵļëСϳ飬һһѪɫӡǡ

39

С֪ϼ㣬޺Ҵˣˣˣ
ϼϰס΢ŭ˵ǼӶѣʲô
ϰЦⲻ³巸˿
֪ӵݸСС־ӣӻֱۣǺһһ˺ۣٿȪϵ˺Ҳģ
ιʲôӣϼӿСϵ˿ʵϰ
ϰ˵⺢Ӳ͸ʰʰС͵СõϰߣСʱ͵룬͵𰡣ôҪȻ޷졣
СŮüҴϲĳӣһϰôˮˮֽϰરવģ޵ûС
ϰҲƺСŮڶԽԽɴ˦ӳС֪ϼӲС˦ȥǳһأСŮ޵øˣ֪СŮһϰһЩӱѡõȹС뿪˵
ǲ뿪֪ϰôԴСֻᰤĶ
û͵Ǻ˵ġСĨ˵
֪΢΢̾һϢСʵôôݣ
СŮ˵ﳣԵġ
ϼԴ
СŮ˵ǿԴ㣬Ҳˣһһᱻģ
˶ʲôȶˣδЩ㣬ûӦ
СŮƺҲʶԼҪ󲻵ͷ˵һˡ
һ¡֪סСϵһЩӶСպãĪҪú￴ˣʱȥԵġ
С֣صлʧڽֵսǴ
治ǲôŰӡϼӷ߷˵
ϼߵģ˵㣬ҲܰԼ
ҲܲܰɣԺҼһξ͹һΣͻһЩϼ˵
ϼһӡ
ϼһȥͷϵһëһʹüϼӣϼҲֻһ
֪֪Ϊʲôǰϼˣϼһܵëô޶ȥջͺɡ
˵˺Ȫ֪ץȥǸλã֪ˮ溰Ȫã뵽·ˡ
ȪˮȻ½һֹ๾ˡ
˾͵ȪõĻӦٿأ֪ýһǰɣҪȥ
Խοȫע۲֪ΧϲԼҷֱȥҲԲԽȪõץס֪ĽŲ֮ǰͷȪôˮ֣ԽץסȪõһþȪ˴ˮ
Ȼ֪˵Ȫõģۼʱ΢Ծ
ɵͷסȪõϰҲڲסȪò԰׷ֱۣԼӲָףзɫâβ

40

Խֽ֪קţȪóûˣܿ谭Ȫô֪Ļ˵ȹȪҪ֮
Խ֪ùȹݸȪá
Ȫĵ˫˺Ŀȹϣûб飬κ֪Ƿ֮
ȪõͷȹʣһһΣƺѰȹϵʲôζٿ˲Ȫõβһ˫ϸȣĽһ·ϡ
պͲԽҲʶʱתȥ
ϼֹ֪۾ȪǱߣ˵ƽѡ·ԣѡ·š
Ȫû·֮ƵվϵһЦ⣬һɽ
֪ͷȴЩ⣬ΪȪûɽϵŰѵڶƷҸ
Ҳǳδ·ԭȪߵļǣ֮С
ȼ˵ɽС֮Ѿǻƻ֮ʱ
ȪʱЩؿСϵƷǨѾҲǰСӣȪǵһϽֵĺӣֺֺ£ϲʲôƷֻ֪˵ܸǸ𣿡
֪˳Ȫָķ򿴹ȥһľСӣСվǻСɰױݴ磬֪ͷȪͻȻʣ᲻ܹ󣿹Ͳˡ
֪һ㶣ҲȻȪģЩ˾£վһΪĸɽˮ
󡣡֪ȪõӵС̯ǰȪ÷ָǸӲķ䣬ϸϸ
ȪЩ֪һЦʣÿ𣿡
֪΢΢üȪΪÿȥժͷϵС֪æס˵ÿ˵űӲԽǮ̯
Ȫ鲻ȥһͷϵӣȻı鼫Ϊʹ࣬˫˳鴤･³һЩĭͻľû󵽵ģԽ֪ԼȪøһȫ롣
̯ȷӦģѽǲ跸һӣȻҧͷˣ
ⲡ֪ŵģڷʱ鴤°ĭûʶȻ֪ϸȪãйⲻʧȥʶϸ֪Ȫõһֱظ
ʲô˼
֪ѧȪظٿףȪ˵ˮ
֪ٿȪȹ¶ĽŲӣѾɫۣ֪ĲԽϿȪñؿջ
˷Ļ˿ջ֪ϰϿ׼һͰˮϰ￴ŲԽﱧŵȻкܶʣ˻ŵҲˮ¥
ԽȪ÷ŵˮһˮȪ˲ľͰ﷭һ¶ɫβſľͰԵڴں
ȪЩ˼͵ʱơ
˽˳Ȫ¿ռ䡣

41

Ȫʵʵûػһ˫β
Խ￴˵мصǰˮ㣬˰һֱˣûϰһ־㡣
ϼԴ˼һ˵ôȪˮþӵﳤβ
Խʼ磬ȷ
һʱ䣬֪÷Ȫÿɷȥ
ɡȪ˵
֪ŽȥȪøոջȴľͰʪվľͰԿ֪֪øһµĸ·֪ʣԵʲôϰ׼һ¡
ȪЦһ£˵˲ˮģԡ
ˮ˿ˮʳﶼûθˡ
֪ԸϰһЩȲˣصطԸ˲ҪʲôŸԽһȥϸȪһ׻ϴȹԭǲϴǼ̵򣬱ϾϰӵΪ˲ת𱻴Сվȥ
ϰ׼ţ֪Խ߸˵İֳӭ˶λˡ
˻ϲϴȹϰʵ
֪룬Ȫƺϲȹӣͷʾ۾̵ĸתѰСŮ䡣
ϰΪҲʲôǵȹһȹǰǽϸȹճСϲã㿴ɻϲ
֪ϰѣȷʵͦÿģûСֱҪȹӡ
ţۼվڶӵ׵СĿߣϰȻҲǿˣöݺݵģСһ£߳ӡ
֪ɻĿϰʲôСվʲôҲû
ϰ֪ԼתЦǰѾͷѳ˲ٵӣ֪͵˭ģһѵˣ첻ؼңǸӡ
֪ͲԽһۣʾԼĶϰĲϰﲻע⣬С֣˼ǵȻ֪ߡ
С·ܿϰ֪棬֪ʵɴˣ
Сҡͷ˵ܵÿ죬ûţֻҲһȥˡ
ȥǰ
֪̾ĵ˴ĺ
ȥջԷԽ˵
СЩŤ󣬾ò˼֪§ļؿջ
ڲԽСȥջԷ֪ûϵģԽԮ֮ˣ˶Դ֪ͷһЩԴ˳Ǳһ²ؼ߸߹̬ȡ
ǲԽǲ͸һЩһֵȻ
֪Խǰһ˼ӣҲСԲůѹСôһϵļңɲԽҲûС
֪ЩԼҷԽ
Խ֪ЦЦץס֪ʮָཻ

42

صջԽСһ¥ϲˣ֪ȹ¥ȥȪãڼȪˮ֪·ȥԷȪôˮһˮʪһأ֪ﰵǧ©ˮҪȻϰ÷Ƣˡ
Ȫõȹ֮һţȻֺǺ˵һһ̵ġ
֪ôһ˵㶣ʵô֪ģ
Ȫһ߻·һ˵ҵȻ֪аζ·ζüˡ
˵·㰢ģ֪ʵɵҲ·һһţʲôζҲûᵽ
Ȫõͷ۾²زסã߶þöûмˣҪȥ
ȪȪȥˣʱİѲˣϰֻתϱӵһҲǲãȪ˸ˣ֪컶ϲϲȥҰ׽ﲻ˺ѵ
Ȫðڰ֣ЩֻҪܼͺˡ
֪ƺرһ˵飬׸ĸˣлһǸöá
Ȫõָ׳Լڲ԰׵Ƥº˵ĺɫ˺ۣ֪˵Ȼ극һָס
Ȫ鲻Ӧðָ׳úܿ졣
Ǿڼ
Ȫûˣ֪¥ϼҲԣʱãСոպðѲ˶ꡣ
һˣСͻȻЩ˼ӣкöԼûгԹĶֻ۰Ͱ͵š
԰ɡԽС˵ʲôУǲסѵܳԵһٺ÷ڲӳԣ´οɾͲ֪ʲôʱˡ
Сһӣ˺ܾõǴＹ
ȪҲܾûԹˣδÿӣָ̫ǿסҪȥ֪ȪĿӸһľף·ˣӦ¥ϵʱ͸ָ׼ˡ
ȪúСĿСϣС˵һ䣺кŨİζ
֪ˣ㰢סһµܲζŨ
ССֱ۶̣ҪֲܼܳеȪߵĲˣ˵ڲסСֱϵˣȪðԼǰĲС﷽ŲŲʵСϵĵ˭ģ
Сʶȥ˿ڣġ
Ȫ˵ĵͷͷԷ
극ձϼųȥ䣬ʣż֪СȪüָס
ָ̫ӲˡСһԴ۵
ǿɲǣָ׿ʯƵģܲӲ
ʮָڼ֪꣬Ƽָ͵ĺӡ߽ջѼϰûѼ˼ϰû
ԽЩ۵ס֪ºüӡ֣õ˵㲻
һ𣿡֪ʵһôʱ䣬ôòԽȥ
ȪòϰߵԼͺͺָ⣬ִ˴ϵĳָס
ָôôģСʵֳּ⡣
Ȫõʱûͳôˡ
СͷҲȥϵĳָס
Сĵ㣬𻮵ˡȪѵﾭ𣿡
Сͷ˵ﲻ̫ˡ
ôȪһأ

43

Ȫżҹյǣһ΢СǾͱø˸ϵķ죬ֻпջůɫơ
֪ȪԱߣżµָѾʰɾ֪ʵȪãСؼˣ
Ȫһ˵ºֻĵĻȥ
֪һֱʣʱ˳Ȫã˵ͨ˼ҵĹβ
ȪüžһͷԼСȣ֪˵֪Ȫô𣿡
֪ҡͷֻ֪ɽһȪȪһȪãȴҲûȪζ
ںܾǰƬ̾һŮ·շŮշ֮һأڴԡ£رǺȪƺ뵽˺Ȥ£ȪÿЦԺǺȵˮŮϴˮ
֪벻֪ɽõˮɻԺȪòǡ
ŮԡЩںȪ˸̾ںȪУȡΪ
ǵȪºȪǻᱻǻᱻֳˡ
Ҳ̣ȵºȪ죬ˮ¶Ѩֻʣڴܣƾ⣬еˮ߾һ㾫ˣ㾫ҲûõȥϢ١
Ӿˮ±ֻܶڶѨڣ㾫ң˵ȳˮ߾⣬ǵʱұſˮ߾Ͽʳʱļˮ߾ذ״㾫Ŀڡ
֪ĿȪ¶ĽϣѾֿʼֳۣȪ˵ȥ¥˵
Ȫһ֪ΪͻȻҪ¥ȥ˵ȹһСҲѾɫۣϵͷϰѾСһͰµˮȪһ˹·һ߼˵
㾫û뵽һеŮɱ֮ǰ۵ɵõһСôңڰɽҺµǽǣϣҡȪýˮͰˮ﷭һ¡
죬ûȵңѾòУһͶ·ʱʲôҲĳҿ˵ڵϵʬ壬ˮ߾ʬѾ㾫ҧ߰һ̲⣬ҿ㾫ʬ壬Լֻһ㣬ѧ㾫ʳˮ߾ӿʳ㾫ʬ塣һĨʹɫȪõλȪ˵ӦԸġ
֪Բµʲôɱ㾫Ůձ㾫
ÿ춼һ̲ţģҷҵʱôʹˣֲΪȽŲʹˣÿɽһߣԼȶһ£һҲˣվˣϸҵÿֺ֮Ѿ˵ɫ͸롣
һôµһΡȪ˵԰׵ɫٲ԰ס
ȱɫββ֮ҲûкôһӾˣˮֻǡҲϲ˰ˣҲˣάȵʱֻô̡Ȫ˵Լββ·ŵһȦ
֪Ȫ˵ľĶ¶µģԽÿһ˶ԼĲףȥıֲܷ
ҪĵڶǺ֪ʵ
Ȫÿ֪Цһ£˵֪ġ
֪Ը˵Ҳ˳˷䡣

44

ѵӰ죬ůЩԽǱѵģͷ֪ӹһȦԼ¶棬Խ֪߼һ§ס֪֪ôһƵתˣĵԽ
糿ڴͷڴԣ¾á
֪ߵš
֪ȪõĵȪ
Ҳû˵ҪȥȪþվڷ˵ȥҰˡ
˾ñ֪ףһ߻·һ߶Ȫ˵һͬȥ㲻֪㰢ںδ
Ȫȴ˵ãŵó̵ζŵóˡ
֪̽ԵĺȪãûӦӦȥˡ
Ҫȥ𣿡Խڴϴ˸Ƿʵ쳨Сôͷ֪
÷ȪûнôԼҷôɫɲ֪ͣ·ӵԽϣ˵ȥɣһͻȻҪҲ԰ʱ
Խ˹ʼ·
ʰã˳˳һݰ׼ȥȪãȪߵ磬ջûȻҲû
ֵдɨʯשϵҶ֪ͲԽȥȪð̵·ϣ̾ջԶתӾ͵ˡ
תӾͿȪǰ̵ĴŽա
̫ˣûпš
֪ѰֽװļӵݸȪãٵȵȡ
һţͷе󣬸ûõ̫ƤЩˣɡĴͷҲûʲôڵԼҵɡ֪
ôȪöţǰŴȣΪ׵ϵĹͷһһ͹
̫ˡ
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ȴȤ£һʱˣȪðﻹǧȣչҶͷûȪðǰպϼӸˡ
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Ȼְģ֪ȻѡŲԽȥ߻һ½ǣɡ֪̽ͲԽɡɡ汻Ϳ˺ɫһ̶ס⣬ɫɡϻ˿һ÷ɡɡҲɡɡ
˵Ҳɣ̽ҲȲϰ֪ͲԽһйϰһҽһɴ
ôˣ֪ʵϰ
ϰڵסɴɴ͸˿˿Ѫϰ˵СıҰèץˣˡ
ҰèͦԽ˵һ䡣
ϰڨЦһ¡
ֲ֪ϰûţԭҽ֪̿ʵȻ㻹𣿡
϶İⶼһû⣬֪ʧ˶ǮֻˣҵûؼҳԷ극ſšϰ˵ϧԼûǮ
ǺãһҪĵ㡣֪˵
ϰ˸ˣΪˣֺֺǵıؼˡ

45

֪ͲԽҪ֪ͨȪõ̵ʱǰˡ
ǻؿջˣ
˻صջƼڴںȲգԼԱߵС
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ǿʥˡ֪ЦСֻջ棬¥ѰȪá
ߵŻ֪֮Ŷ룬ϼԡͰԱͬȪ˵ôôȱأܲס£Ҫʲô
ȪƵ
֪㰢Ҳù˼Լ㣬֪˵˵ϼΣֻϣ֪Խ˵ͨ
֪ôʱЩЦϼӿȰ˻ͦϡġ
ͿԼ֪ڣԼһˮ
棿ȪԭԼβһԱյģ֪˵ĻſԡͰԱ۾ϣ
档֪һڲ裬Խֵʱ㰢岻̫ʣϱûп⣬˵Ὺš
ȪԡͰ﷭ڣýϼӱˮԹŲλŲ֪ߡ
磬緹ԵҲ磬˺ЩʱѼꤣ֪ϼ¥ȥ緹ǰȪÿȪŲȥûС
ȻСڣô緹Ҳʹһԡ
ȥ𣿡ϼʵС
Сſˣҡҡͷ˵ܵÿ죬ûš
ͦġϼ˵
պߺЦǱˡ
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Ҽǵ֮ǰֳԷô֣ԽͻȻʵС
һ㣬ƺҶûע⵽
Сʶİַڡţǰְܰ壬ʱִö˾ֳֻԷҲһãҶֻֻųԷġ
Ŷ㻹ͦԽȻ˵һ䡣
֪ȥвˣһ־ͷ·Լ˼άһֻ÷
֪ĿӣΪʲôԽע⵽Сֻ֣ǲԽ¶ôϸ
֪ϸϸСĿ⣬һӣﲻ֪ô̫ãԼһӣһӡ
Խתͷ˿ڴ֪ʵθڣﲻ𣿡
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극С˼̲ȥȪãû֪أԽͰС˵ȥɡ˵žͶ̲ˣСЩ֣Ҷһ̡
֪־ҪԽˣûϵԽֱתС֪Լ˫֣ЩΣˡ
СŲԽ˵֣æסӵʱС˲ˣֻԽ˵һָ׳ͦġ
˿÷Сֵָһ

46

СڨڨİѲӷ£סԼ֣ûͳˡ
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Сͷۿ΢΢ҪңҲץ
ܷǿ⣬ֻǲָ֪γСϡ
ҸʱһָסԽСʲôָ׳ϡ
ô˿ţСҲܲ˵ҲԽ˱ͲǻˣСûԥ˵ָġ
˼ҶϲָףԵ˳ÿΪҴСҪָײ㣬ҲûָסСͷ˵ĦԼָǸܰ׵ĽָףҾúָҵָ棬ָ׾ͺҵָ档
֪ǣС˵ָ׶˵ʲôȻҰˡ
СȻջȥֵؿ֪˵㣬Ҳ
Ϊʲô֪ʣָ֪򵥣ϲ˺ˣҲ˺Լ
Сֻҡͷ˵ҼˣҵĶûˣѺˣлһҵģҲɵڶȪá
˽һ㶣֪˵Ȫá
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СһĨһ˵Ǻܰ׵Ľ˵ģ˵ȪҲһȪõĺﳣȪϳˡ
꣬ȪõĸױˣȪõĺȪɽȥˮͷ֮ȪºȪǷ˺ȪںȪˮԣȪź˱źһ·ؼҡ
ȪúﲻȪߣȪƿڴ˵·֪ܣʯͷ˵ҪñץȪá
ȪõĺԾȪãȣȪˮϰ꣬Ȫñ˲˲ĹǲеĺﶼôĺúԼɵڶȪã
֪СĻ˵ȪӦǺܺްŶԣôżʵпܲΪ˼Ұﱨ
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Ȫأϼӻ˷һȦûƼȪá
ˡһ亹֪ǻ䡣
Ѿˡ
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ϲʲôȹ㿴һԡϰ˽
˳һȹһţˣζˣȪʵЩȹӶ𣿡
ϰڵȻǰɽҲڶպõˣģЩ·úѬûйζ
Ȫϰɴʵôˣ
ϰĵһͺĪ¥ĹνֻҪ·ʲôݡ
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ϰյȪøǰȥѡ˵ɫףɫǺÿ
ȪùŬ죺ɻǵң
ϰû룬ɽ·Ĺ࣬ǵסϰЦЦʹˣˡ
Ȫ˼С벽Ĳɿ˿̣Ҳ벻ˣǺܶ¡
ݣ·ˣ԰ѹŵ㶼չֳϰóһ췢ڵȹȪϱһȣɫͦʺȹӣһ˶׳ɫ
Ȫ۾עϰʵôݣΪ
ϰֵֹĿһȪãʼԴ̫⡣
ȥȹӰɰȪôϰùȹתȹķ䡣
ϰﰥӴһԼϲ䱻Ȫץĺֹۣôָס

47

ϰһûһ·Ȫû·
ϵһȪõӸ·ﴫ
ϰ߽ȥȪϣֳԣɿ䣬ȪñŴݡ
̫СˣȹڽڵʵʵġϰΪȪϵ
деȹסȪõĽš
㻹ǵȪ𣿡Ȫõָϡա졣
ϰרһϵͷҲû̧ʵ˵кȪǸȪ𣿡
ţ
ҼǵõġϰЦЦ
Ȫòɫ͵뵽ǵԼģֻǰϲˣʵ㻹ǵʲô
˵˵ͷ˰ȥ·ɽΪ˱Ұ޶˺Ȫʵʲô˭֪һͷ˶˲֮˶ѡȥأϰ͸¶ۻЦݣĸжԴδŵСѳֵס
ȪþԼĵ˱˷ĺ佫ýģʶָӵĶҲֹͣˡ
ϰֱؿϵ˵ȪվһЧ
㻹һҲû䡣Ȫ÷ϵָȻȭͷӡӡ
ȪһֱΪֻһ㣬Լһ㣬ҪĻðϲȪ÷Լˣشûģ̸Ļġ
վϰﺰôúõˡ
һ紵ԭȴϰһֱǹģ֪شˣڵһȪõȹڣʱ䲻ϰȴһβ
ϰʧɫ֪Ըˣ󺰡֡ܣȪۼֿ콫ϰץ˻ʵΪȪý˭ĴǰĴǰұ˲ӣǰĴ
ϰ۾ɵôģ﷢ʹļѾһֹֻᴩһԽѪԽ࣬ϰ˼ʹ;֮С
Ҳ֮ǰһ̶Ȫ˵İʲôϵ
֪ƿſıѾ˺Ϸֳϰ°ڵϵϰԼѪָϻѪȪá
Ȫã֪һΪʲôᳯķչ
Ȫñ֪ôһָЩʶЩίǲҡ
֪ĿȪôǻĻȻһ飿
ȪþһĺӣһٽѵˣȴͻȻѹĻҲ˵ˡ
ȪͻȻÿԼȹ¶ɫβ֪˻ûüֹʱȪָ׽βݺݽضϣѪأһ㣬Ȫúݺݶ˱βһֱֱϰ֮ϣӪȪһ˫ȵĴ
֪ƲסŴŵۿԽ§ס֪ļ
Ȫֽͷ֪Сȡ˵֪ĺϲСǵһԸˣһҼз˵ˣһҼָ׵ˣĺܸ˵һºȪ㣬лл㡭
ϼȻסؿڣúѣߵһۿںԼ޳տȥˣһϼޣϼſƲס޳
Ȫýǰŷ۽ǻ䡣˵±ϣһҵİ
Ȫñۡ
Сһ̵ģſڵ˵ĸ·䣬صİɫѪͱϰ˵ƺˣ̫˺ˣˣ̫ˣ
СĻֳ˱γԱȣϴָνӵĵطѾɫۡ
СｫΪµȪãȪòֻںȪ䡣

48

Ȫõĺ£Ӧδ˵ȥȪͻغȪ
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ղˣֱۿǽϲԸϼӶ˵һ䣬ϼҲŷԼ˵ʧ˷ִ磬ָɽľ˵Ǻõľ
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֪ŲԽɫâۣʵɫʯ
Խǡ
ԭɫʯһֱǰ
֪ͲԽ׼ǰһطѰұʯѯպϼǷһͬǰ˶·;ҲࡣϼһͬǰȴִҪرǣȨһϼӾͬһرǡ
֮ǰϼ֪˵ԤУڱ֮ڣһɹ˵ʼһСǡ
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֪˶˲ˣԽʵкβ֮ͬ
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֪ӦԽ˵ʲôòԽԼԶһ㲻Ҫˡ
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Խ֪ףʵѵҶԱ㣿
֪ԼƿԽתƻ緹ٲԶˡ
Խ֪ǲԾ

49

ݰý֪ͲԽαǰ
ͷܴɽǰѺ÷ɡٴó˲ɡֵֻ֪ͲԽͷһɡҲΪ˲ϲԭ򣬷ɫֳһֺܽĺڣʱдһ档
˵ķκرɫḻۣڶɫһȴҲֱµĺÿرϲΣͷϴŲϹŽϻţһһζײ
չڵض¿ջԲֻһҿջڿջ̨ûˣ˻ûеңҰտȴˣãʵûϡ
֪ͲԽֵϿ˿һر˼ĵطƵģͱֿñĴ壬Ѿñһ״򲻶˯ˣϸϼССҲЦǺǵɢƵڽš
طʺϡ֪ܽ鶼ƵģŲæ
Ժ𣿡Խʵ
֪ԥ˵һǸϲþ˵ıǡ
ѽͻȻ֪ܳһСĹյ֪ͲԽǰʵҽаҪסջҮҮȥǰͷ¥ƣҪһŻ
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ЦǺǵ¶׵˵ʲôлġƺͻȻ뵽ʲôŲ˵˵̫ˣһűǸ˽һԷҪǮ̫ˣ
ʲô֪һڲʵ
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û֪ʰ˭ջֽһˡ
Ǹ治֪᲻ƣһԿŶżְԵǮˣ
ҮҮпҪסꡣǴ庰

50

ע⵽æǰк˶ѷԿ׽Խ
ҮҮҪҺͿ죬˵ǶҰס˿ˡԴ˵
Դ˵ѾͷúãȻҮҮǳԡ
ҲŲǷѾͷһ뵽ҪǾ͸˵ԭתһȦɫȹڱתͷζ졣
ȻãŮĴڱһõ顣
ջſ·һСһԴ˵Ѿͷʲôأȥ㰢̫ժľϣ
ƽ֣ҲŲǷѾͷ ⺰ƺʲôæջܣˣ̫ȥժľţˣ
ܵſٿתԲԽ֪ǵҴȥ˵ûӰ
ջǺǵЦҡҡԴ૵ѾͷǸѾͷϧˡ
ôϧˣ֪ʵջ壬ÿɰʲôϧģ
ջָָԴʾⰢе⣬̾Ϣƽʱʲô裬һϾͷǱһһֵֹģ˶ѾͷۿʮˣҲûļס
ջҡԴûȢô쿩
һ˵ȷʵͦϧúõĹҪô˵ɲνҪԼá
֪˺һͦܳģݴһٳԵĲƺҲôˡ
ʳ֪ϲҪߣڷڵɰﵹʳģ°ߵʳ죬ֳԷ֪ǰδƼǾֺóֺ档
ԽרĲ˳ԣȼ֪ľڡ
ˮ࣬ʱ꣬ҹԽԽͬưá
֪ſڲԽؿϣҶǲԽˮ·ֽɡɽˮļһЩ֪ķɳ
Ī
ΪҪ죬һҪסϼա֪ڲԽĿڲ˲䣬ʡ
Խ֪ͳǲϢա
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İԴӺͲԽһ֮󳣳ܾİ֪δоİȫУ¶ֵڴġ
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֪ЦţŻ֡

51

ڶϣԼģ¥µŲԽ֪ŰһĻսаѾͷƽ֡
ҹ꣬ɽ·ƽֲľ͸һȥԽ֪˵
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ƫͷֱڵز˲ǣϳһ˿˿糺졣
ðɺðɣ˵ʲôʲôֵ̯߰ɡ
ջѵǵ𡣡
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̤ȥ·ϡ
δС׼ȥ԰ժնļŰڽֿЦǺǵʣѾͷҪȥ
İ𣿡
˵żЦ
ҪƽֽԼ˵֨֨һȺ฾һ𣿡
ŬŬûȤ뿪ˡ
˵ԶԶɽںڰƽֶ߹ɽ·֪ͲԽҲͨˣ·Ҳû˾ۡ
ߴߴ˵ţ֪ͲԽһҲˣǰҲ˺ЩҪȥǰɽͷûзҪȥˡ
֪ЦԽá
ľ೤ǿ죬ƽͣͣļҰҲһ
չԴƽֵ￴ϲЩǮˣƽɽǮǳԺòã
ƽֽԼһŲʵΪʲôҪֲϱһľð̧һֻ
Ţĵɽ·Ьմ˺һ࣬ƽҪ
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ƽΪʲôʵ֪Ѱ˼Լû˵ʲôƽôͲˡ
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ҾҲǡ˵ҲûԼģΨһͱЩͬľǣûϡ
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˼ٵǵطʱѰˣ˵ĳգǸͶԾˡ
֪˼֪Żش𰢽
֪ÿ˶ԼһǰԼһҹԼԼϵԼԸһģҲԸһģԸһǴ絽һӣԸһĳֳľǰһԸһԸ񡣵ôⶼġ֪κĻԼϸϸ룬©ٳ
ԭӵİ֪㶮úö࣬Ȼˡ
֪Ļİ𲽷࣬ӿ첽ǰ׷ƽ֡
Խȫ̱ЦΪŶȻ¶˾ı飬ֱԶ˲Ц˳Ҫ໹ԼҷС

52

ڵڶɽı棬˿ǸƵĵͨı
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ֻЩʱߵ¡
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֪ͲԽΧתһȦĿ֮δκλɫıʯͲ֪ߴĵطǷС
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˺𾪣׳ʵҲֻ֦ʲôôˤ˶ˡ
֪һĵ˵ֻϸƶԶ
֪ͲԽɵԾһ֦ƽȿԾȥ
ѧ书𣿡ƽţ֪ͲԽΪȾԻ־𾪡
֪Үѽǻ𣿡ԽԽСĶӰ૵
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Ҷ˵ˣİ̫Ĵ￴Ҳֻҡͷ˵Ϊ
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֪ͷͬԽһԭ·
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ԽӦ죬ϱ֮ϣɽɶĲòԽԲڸˣԽҲסֱֱֱͣ׹ȵ˵ϡ
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53

ֱˣȴָŶֵ˵ǰ馡
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ݰܾƽֽ
Űָİ֪ͲԽ΢΢ͷ㲻Ӱ
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ƽһԸо˲٣ƽ˵ٳԵֹˡ
ŵҲŲ֣˵Լ㲻ã
ջ忴ƻƼƽֱʵôˣôƽֱˣ
ƽεؿջ壬ҡҡͷƺ鷢Σջ˷ʲô̧ͷɫƺѾˣǣ𰢽ε߰ɣҮҮؼҡ
Լȥʶ·ҮҮΪʲôҪؼң߳ջ֮ǰŶ֪ͲԽϳűǵҰ
֪Ӧá
Űĵرؼҡ
Ҳڶ꣬ʱ˴꣬žϣ֪һȲ裬ˮů̡
ջ崩»ſڶ˶ϵˮдʵˮ̫ˡ
֪꣬ûа취ƵꡣȷʵҲ֪ͲԽ˾ӣѿ̲ݻռʯϽ̸̣ס
˼ȥӦôһЩȥŵ㡣
壬𻹺𣿡֪ʵ
ջżԼ̸ˣ̾Ϣôƫƫǰأһĺȴëûһףһˡ
ƽǸúӡ֪˵һյദ׿ƽڰģȻϲ˵жֶ԰ĺá
ջҡҡͷЦƽ򳤵ĶӣϲƯﲻ٣ǰģƽ԰ЩˣҲֻΪǴСˡ
пΪԷֲƽǷϲ𣬵֪ԽԹƵġ

54

ҹ֮Уڿջƹ֮һɫӰſջɡ£ֻüɫӰӰߵƹЩĵطŽ˿壬ⲻǰİ
ջ廹żϳ̣ǰֵûκηӦͨĿⰢˣǰοüģⲻ֪İ馻ҵɫʯĹؼ
վſڣ֪ͲԽ΢΢ͷʵɷλ̸Ƭ̣
֪ͲԽ²豭վ¥ͷȥԽʾⰢ馸馴ӿջ߿żȥջ˼Լұ߿˿ʲôҲûп
¥֮󣬲Խʵ馣Ҫ̸ʲô
馱ǸһЦ˵Ƕڽ̽λǷɼҵΪǸ
ȻĹ
㱾壿֪ʵܿһ֮£Ǳ
΢΢ͷԵǡ
ΪҪ̽ǷɼңԽʵÿһ¶ǵĿģ֪̽ǷΪҲĿġ
馽̬ȷŵóϿңλ̸йˡ
һ֣ͺĳ䣬ĳһѵӼӡ
ҹ٣ָոպá
Ӳֻǽַһɳϣˮʩʣȴÿÿ𴲿Ƿѿ
ûһѾһӻи˵Ĳ˵ÿڹ֮ⷢ¶һûһͬš
ȥˣδⷢѿҲ̫ˡÿϲԹ馷ѿ̫
뷨Ҳ뷢ѿֻû
ҵôãǾ͸ȡֽа馡
մʪָд¡馡֡
ĳջȻƺ֪ӲѿԭӣҴȥɹ̫
ɹ̫㷢ѿǲ̫ܵģÿ챧װŰ馵Сȥɹֱ̫һн磬ʧ˼䡣
ˮ㣬ںܿ㷢ѿĻӣ֪Ƿ·Ѱ˼֮ѰҲͬ룬갢馱ѰͷϾ֮࣬ϵó
馱ҪΪΰ࣬˽ܿҲ׿
ôһ

55

ӣǸǵ𣿡֪ʵȷʵЩ졣
һϲüңԴʶ
ʶʶ֪ЦһЦֻǹϵãô÷أҲϲǰ֪Уֵòɢ
̫ˣһ֮룬ϣλܴӦҾ˵ϣԳΪеٮٮߣҲδѰһǷǿ֣Ҳ뿴һΣ·֮Ǻ˭ڷ£
֪е˼ôһ·ǱԽ
ͬģ֪ԽҲ˵ġ
иҪ󡣡Խ˵Ҳ˰ʱȥǵǸԶбĿġ
馵ͷʾ֪ʵǶλȥΪ£
ҪɫıʯԽ˵
⡭馷ѣЩԥһҧֻҪλӦѰңҶȻύڻɫʯ
Ǿô˵ˡ
߰馣֪ѣΰ˼䣬Ҫ˵ϵûɣҪǹϵǺܺãﰵû˴ˡ
ͰԽЦ˵ǰƤ
֪Խһ˵ô𣿡
Խ˳һɣ֪ѹ¡
һҹ
ڶˮͣǵų̋ʪյĵϲ״㽫Ƴٵ磬ͷˮɹһЩ
һ˿ջ¥£ջƴ齫ȥˣСС˿ջԭǴѰ֪ͲԽȴϿڴߵİ馣ʱϲ⡣
馣ôɽѽЦӯӯʡ
Ȼ馴δͬ˵ʼվðǰ馣԰馲뿪ɽϣɽƼ˰ȷʵͦȵġ
ɽ¡˵
馣¶ץһǣڴͷǣȻƽְѾ˻ϷҴͷġ
馰Ѱǰƻȥ˵Ҳǡ
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馵һ۰̾ϢøҲԶ
룬Ҳǣһ֮ʳ˼̻
ǣԽɣ֪ɷˣҲ˶˵ɲóԶ
һҪߡ
ʣ¥ȥ֪ͲԽķš
ҿԽ𣿡
֪һŴ
ƿ˷ţ֪ױ̨ǰԽվϷĪ漴Ҳ˵¶µĲ˱ֻǰ֪ǶԾµĽ
㲻ǽϻбʲô֪ױ￴ʵ
ޣƳٵˡش
ˡԽҲӾ￴˿֪ķΣ⣬緹ȥԻҶ
ɡ֪˵Щᣬ̫߶
Խˣ¥ȥ緹
֪ɱҪԷ𣿡֪ʵ
ǰһ·ͷЩңָ֪һ˵ǣʵɿԲóԷԲԷһ˵ɣԷö˷Ҳʲô⣬ΪϰҪԶԽһ𡣡
ǾأʵֻǳԷ֮𣿡
ͬĵǲˣԲóԣǾҲʲô⡣Щʧ䣬֪ʵôˣ
鲻̫ã˵ҷŸ馳ǣԡ
ڰ馾ܾǣǾܾ˰⣬ԳȴҲԸ⡣
֪ƺЩ£ο˰һҪȥﰢ̫ժˮ뿪˿ջ
·ŰһҲԼ
𣡡
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𣿻ûԷӶƽ˵
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ޡȻʼװǵֽһǵݵƽֵߡ
ƽֵͷҧﴽһЦ𡣡
ЦЦͻȻðûҪҲͦõġ
𡣡

56

ǼӵУ馴֪ͲԽ罫ѰƣưͷȥѰˡ
֮ǰӦ˰ҪţܲԶŰա
˵ҹһҹ꣬ڶոó̫Ҳ٣ɽǰɡٴó
Ŵ˻٣֪ͲԽ磬վǰһЩλãƽҲȺＷǰˣƼ֪ͲԽЦһЦǴ˸к
ڶߵǸͷСģǰŴܱߣʤ㲻󰡡
֪ƫͷʵƽ֣ÿ궼μ𣿡
ƽֵͷ˵ϲţμҪǮѳţÿμӡ
һٰ׳԰׺¡
ÿ갢õڶõһľǰߵǸСƽ˵˳ָ֪һָÿõһСӡ
ȷʵ׳ĴС
ʼ߽ץΨа˹سš
ʵҪԵģΰաһ˵ţƺЩΪıѰӵĽ̡
һԵƽַЦˣ䰢궯Խˡ
ô˵֪ʵ
ƽֽ͵Ŵų̫ɤӣɤ֮ͻˮŴȥˮһȶﻹλøš
Ȼİ馣ɫ̫á
֪֪馳ӣ˵ĺһҲ
Ѿвٵ˽еͶ³ˣֻ̨мˣڼ׳иۣеسţٶһûҪпվų֪ⷽ֡
˰Ȼ׶Σֻʣ°Ե׳СȻѾԳˣȴҲǿԼȥ
ܳŰɣһܳţŴױһ׳ŶӵĶ
ˣÿ궼ǰʹ׳ûһ⣬ȥ˻ȥˡһСһ뿪
棬ȥ·ҼҰһʳˮƽֶתҪߵ˵
ÿ궼׼ϡڰ֡
ƽһЦ鷳ˡ
̨϶˻ڱƴš
׳һ߳һ߶԰˵Ѿͷгܸұȵˡ
Ҫƽձ˺Ѿͷˣƫƫ֪˵Ļ֪ԼҲͬ׳ƽϣĬĬһ
׳ûӦﲻ˵ˣһ߳һڰԱžһѡ

57

νʳԣ۵ĽǱҭס׳ܺõչʾһ㣬ȵˮһԼˮˮѾˣԼˮݸ׳׳һ˵ûɤˣͻȻһˮӣԱǳĶѩϼ˪ûͽŻˮһͬ˳
תԸ׳ԼҲһƲס˳
̨һ̾
չ˾ˣû뵽ӮǰȷʵĹһϲ
Ƶ̨ԼԲĹĵĶӣĺóš
ƽܵǰԴ޵ѧˡ
һЦŵЩ˵
ϲ㰢𡣡֪ͲԽҲǰϲ
֪ͲԽһûа馵Ӱ֮ǰ̨ϻ
ɫͻȻò԰ףݷＷ֣ǡۡ
ƽͻؼ
ʵ벻ͨԵο
֪ȥһôˣջʰҵľ巽򣬿ջԥá
˶ϲ飬ɲصǼһģı̬ȡԽҲ֪ջΪԥ˵˲ˡ
ŲԽôһ˵ջַ˵
֪ڰտջԵһԺǰԽߵԺš
һ
ȻһЩȷȷʵʵǰû
ƿԺţ߽Ժӣҡ֮ϣҡһһεģɫãһڸ
ŰɫЩ԰ף֪ͷһ̽ûŶͷӿ֪֣˵
䡣
֪ʵΪθʹ
һߣƺͦԸ˵ģ˵Գˡ
Ȼ뵽ԭ򣬿֪ʱȴҲƲסЦ
Ʋһ֪Ȼʵʲôʱ׵ģ
Űǰ֪˵Ϊ⣿
΢΢֪ӱ﷢һЦ
ЦȻЩϤ֪ʰЦʲôʱƽ߽Ժӡ
𣬰ʳˮˡһ뿴ʲôһɫˮԶԶйɽζ
šȻؽӹʳˮʵ᲻᣿
ƽԴ˵ǣġ
أȻô˵ȴҲûлӿƽֵ֣ͷһʳˮǳζ۾ﶼһ˿á
Ӯ˱𣿡ƽʵĿʯʯϣ֪ͲԽľʣԼҲһڰĸǰ
ѵû꣬¹ƲԵйڵһӰ
һ̫˵ˡһתҴͷǵķϣһĳԺҰˡ
ƽһתֽˣҡûС
ǴӱߺһЦĵǵС˭

58

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֪Ӧ档
һЦ̧ͷס˵죬һǣƽֵ°ͣЩǣ˵ɵֻȥһŲʣǴӲɽҲǣô붼Ǽ򵥵档
ĴúŪ
ȻˣҲ̹˵ϾҲɻµģ˵ҺͲԽ˴ǰȷʵͷ羰ô򵥣ҪѰһ
Ҳϸ֪ҪѰϾ֪̫δǼ¡
ҹɫˣҲûʲô˵ģ֪ͲԽҪؿջǰ¶ͳʲô׸ֽ֪֪סֽŵǡ
֪һЦȻ鲻ͬʼǰ
֪ͲԽߺƽ˵Ϊ᲻ϲǡ
һ˵˭ϲǷ˵СѾͷ
仰Ӱ˵ЩϾڿ仹̬ӦñСѾͷ°ǡ
ԭΪǲ꣬ȴûҹ˾֮ʱưٴν١
֪ͲԽǱļеĽѵģ֪ƿ̧ͷɫɫҲƲĿǰʱٵͷһɵþסˣֵѾˮûƲ߶ȴﵽϣˮһŲӳջһ߸ߺҮҮˮˣ֪Խ
ˮɽˮ˵˵㡣
֪ǰûվȱˮܱȹһͬԽһ¥һ¥Ѿˮû֪ŰһһεӾĽԸס¥ˮ֮
Լӹ˵Ц֪
ʲôɲɣ֪ͲԽסĿջ͵ĵطˮ˴㼯˵Σյĵطʱ򰢽ܴܺһĳ̶ġ
һЦ˵ҵ
ȻҪյİʵɰЩ
ʱջҲˣʧɫ߶ְ֣ˮֿѰõľưһһ׽ˮҨ˫ˮͲ豭ջһ
֪ͲԽݶֽɡϣܵƲס죬⣬ƶʱ䲻ССһ붼ᱻû

59

֪ȥƣȴ޷ƣɵıɡ
ƽֻˮϣ𣡿ˣɽʯˣ
ȥ֪ԲԽ˵ⳡѱȻ
Խͬ
λǴӦ˽ҪȥѰ𣿡馲֪ʱݶ֪ԽⳡѶǰѰæʵ
⡭֪ЩΪѵؿԽȷȴӦ˰ûʱȻǿʯҪ
λαˣȻǴӦ˵ΪǱ仯馵̬ȱ䣬ȻǶŭˡ
ԽԱʵҪѰҪ
ȻǾ˸Ҫ°ûֻһ˵ռ˴ԱʲôҲ˲ˡ
ѡѡҧ
㡭֪Ȼû뵽ôһ°馾ȻֻԼеִϡ
ԽҲüͷȻ԰馿ǹѡҪȥѰӵΪһߴӱǻ﷢֪֪ǲԽ԰馵
ȷʵΪԼ˽һΪ޸С
ȥ鿴ʯȥѰӡ֪˵ȨֻõĽ
֪ôһ˵ϱ˻ͣ˵Ǿ鷳ˡ
֪Ҳм밢馶˵һ䣬ԽСġ
Խɡ֪˵ɡźĪʪˡ
֪ӦţȥԽҲȥ
ôˣƽְſջľˮҨˣ¥Ѱ㿴Щʧ
Żعˮλˣƽվľ򰢽֣˵
ַƽƽһ㽫˴еΣˤƽ֣ƽֵͷȻҰҮҮ͵ȫĵط㸺οһ´ҡ
أʵ֪ǲǻˮʪԭƲס
ƽֳſջתý֮ڰͷһǣ˵ȥˡ
ץסƽֵ֣¶óһǷ˵ȳԣһǣһԡ
á
֪Ѹٵ磬ռסӦҹǹҹǹһλСţ̽ʣɼλ
֪صǡԼҲļ㲻˵ļ˵Ƿ֪Ǽ𣿡
С¶ɻ˵С澣ҹǹסƵӣҲδŹӡ
֪лȴɻѣҹǹסıضûƵסˣ
ɻ֪ȥ˷ҵФ֦ѯӵ١
һǰҾͲˡФ֦˻ں裬˵Ҳ֣úõţ֪Ϊһ̨ȥˣû֪ΪʲôҪô
ʱ֪ɹ֮ˣֲ֪ӡ
ǿ֪٣֪ʵ
Ф֦˰ڰ֣ʾ֪˵ʱƧûʲôѣ֮Ե̨뷲䣬ѰҲ˼ˡ
֪һԼ˺µĺˮͷš
޴ѰӣͬǴ롣

60

Ф֦˼֪䣬ΪѰӡ
֪ҪӰæ
Ф֦֪֪Ը˵֪ͬԽȥ˼ˣ֪㽫ƺɽФ֦ˡ
Ф֦΢΢һüתתĲ豭˵඼ɽ˵úܣԽҲȥһǲһ仰
֪Ķ䷲ӣФ֦˵ҲֻǴţȵ֮ʹȥɽ
豭ط֮ϣФ֦纮˪ʵ֪ʵңǲѾ֪һ£
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֪ûФ֦ͻȻɫ˵ôһ䣬ͷһФ֦֪һ£شǡ
Ф֦֪ʲôһ㣬ʵԽ·Ϊ棬Ѱɫʯɶԣ
֪УФ֦Դϸ֪طôĻҲʵͬ˵ǡ
Խȥ죿
֪Ф֦˽߬˫֣¿ʼòһ㣬ش𣺡ǡ
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֪ĬĬִФ֦˵Уһ½Ӧ졣
Ф֦ŭ浱ʯͷ˵ϣҪ
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Ф֦£ˮ˵±£ĸĸҲһͬȥҲܿصĸ·
֪ʱԷſգϢ̫һʱ֮䲻֪Ӧעһòʵԣ
Ф֦֪Ȱȥ֪㻹ôᣬ㻹нʵҪȥ֪𣿡
֪죬˵ϰβ˵ҵΡ»飬һԽг˱ƲסᣬͷɬӺò׶Щ⣬ȴݣ̧֪ͷ۾ԲµµתһȦƻȥ̣ˡ
֪Ф֦
֪ûлͷФ֦֪֪Ҫȥ£ͬĸ׼ֱһޡ

61

İµתСļһһ˱ƽֽӵƸߵİȫÿһƽֶվڴ۵ĵطһ۱Կ
һ˵У۰ĿҲѰƽֵӰӡ
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𿴼һһӴʼǲƽ֣⴬ƽֻȥ˵ģˣû޷һǴزˣƽѡ񽫻øԼԭأƽ;бˮˡ
һ׼ȥƽ֡
ȫ´ŵ̧ܣڴϻһֻܾ֮βһ˴ˮԽϴ
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һʵˮʲô
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ƽƼһǣһЦӦˡ
֪Ƿεԭ򣬰ҲԽһȥʯΪһˮʧĿ֮£˺ܿ
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һ˲ԽͰǰ߽ûм֪ͬһͬ·ڴţʵƼӣ
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Ȼǲܽ£֪ҡʵΪʲǫ̂Ϊʲô
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ȻûϵڴһôһȻӻ֪ͬһ·ʱĵһ仰Ҳﷴϰ˺ü顣
ӲԸ·Ҳã馺ô֪վһȥѰֻΪ̨תΪ˵֮ܿܿҪȥѰá
馵ۿѪ˿ۿɼĲ
馣֪鲻̫ܣǻɫıʯܷǣ֪ʵ᧿Σ˼Ѱüʮϰٵӣʱˡ
Ŀ֪ȥԵ֮ǰ˵ǰѰÿӲŻǻɫʯδѰ̸Ҫʯ
û
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ȴLëˣ״̬˵ǿ֪ǻɫʯǺ˵ҪҪͷϵѪҪ͵õĿһһĻѪؿڻԸ⣡
֪˫û뵽ɫʯǰ馵ͷѪƼˮ֮·Ϊ˻Ŀڣ˭Ը⣿
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תߡ
Խŭ˭ҷ˱ܳס֪׼ȥҰˣ֪ԽҪæסĸ첲ʵҪȥ
ңϼԽ֪Դ֪ͬʱôᰢ馲Ž
֪ȴϲԽʵҪߡһ뵽ռȫʯ֮ҪԽ룬òɵһҾҪô飬һ뵽ԺҲԽһڱ磬֪ˮƲסۿʹڄ\
֪ԼѾ鵽õͷĸоʹϢ
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²Խߣ֪ſǻ˵ǻɫʯûа취ˡ
ԽֺЦر֪˵ûµûµģޣа취

62

Ҳãһ˵
㲻Ըܺú˵
ǰ˵ӰںҹпУȴĪЩϤǣӣͻȻЩţһ󵨵뷨ڰȷ᲻ǰ˾ӣģһ䣺Ǻˣ
Ųǰߣȴߵĺֱ߳ľӰ֮£ѵĹϣſ˵ûͲˣ
𡣡üëһ֦İ𣬲Щ죬˵Ҳֻ֣Ǻƽռ̫һ
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ٴסˣ˵ĸоʵЩϤָֻоôǴӰϸоֻһʲôɵֱķ˹
ҵûϵԣ֮ΰµһߣ㲻䣬˽˭ģߵǰ˵С밢˵ͷȴһҲû䣬۾峺ϵǺӶһ˫
ŰĪˣ˵Һʱˣ
ǺߺһЦӻһ֦Űؿڲʵ糿˭ֹ֪Խһͬǰʯ˭ѰȰյѡѰѣ˭˭
馱Ƶƿԣ̫Ծˣ̫ԾˣӦŶԡ
㣬֪£
ǺһЦˣǸǣ˼СԶ˼䵽Ѱѣ㻹˼ױˣޣڰ馵ΪʵЩˬ
һѲƽʮ֮⺰Ű
𽫵ڰؿڵĲջػиһЩƹƽ֡
֮ʣƽת԰˵ζң
жҪ˸Ͳ
ûתҲûдӦֻŲӽƽ֣ƽ˳ȻرĲ˵ôȥôãǲ·ˣ´һȥ
ð˵Ҹǳ𣿡
ûԡƽ˵
ƽֵĵʵĶأûƽֻشѾӿصλǣǴ껳¶ȡ
ҰˡһЦůɫĻĲϣһʱ֮䲻֪ǻůŮЦů
룬ûЦ

63

ˮ֪ͲԽԼ֪Ϊβİ馰µڶɢˡ
֪ͲԽҪβ˼ҵӣ˼ȥûüĿ̨Ȳ˵ģû䣬ûټĽ֮Ϻ֮ϴӺѰã
Ѱ
ջҪţ֪Խ緹Ƽջ弱ҴҾҪš
îʱδջҪȥ
壬˴齫ˣ֪ʵ
ջڰ֣еż˵Ҫ򳤼ִ£ҿҿϲˡ˵ñӱҴ뿪˿ջ
Ҳӡ֤仰ⳡտϴһֱQQջܣ;˰馣֪ȥָо֪Ϊδǰ馶ϲģȴ֪οڡ
ûкƽﶼкû˵Žͬһ㰢߸ҪҪǡ
ֻûϵհֲֻ˵֮°΢һɤӵ𣬿ȥջ
šͷϽߡ
ɻ󲻽⣬ǰİǰҹͱˣȴҲƽ磬ʲôԭ⣿
馲֪ЩϢ֮б仯ˣ׷׷ˡ
ֻشһš֮Ҳ˵һ֡
Щ飬ЩѾҪƿأеҪץǰҵǿɻУ
ûˣֻʣҪ֪ͲԽ̹Ȼ˵̵ǲڸҪʲôǣˡ
ԭʶʮѾǱȲʶ˵ˡ
ҲҪȥջ˵˼ǼȻҪȥջҲҪȥջһȥջ
ϰȴջҲҼҿģҪȥȥø档
馶ǵֱĳ̶ֳǰİԸһ
𲻵Ȱ馼˵QQǰջǿõǣ֪֪ͲԽԹûУʱ᲻ܾȣô˲١
ѣ
ͻȻһС˸£Ťͷȥ馣ֱؿŰ
ܿһѽ˭أǽԼɣԼа𰡣
ŤͷڽԼͼװûNɇNջǰȥ
馵ɫ˺ڣǰյİѰѵӰӣŰǷѣɷķӦȴҲʲô

64

õǣ֪һõڱᣬɫǿŷۺõ廨꣬һõһͬӿϢ䣬㡣
ԼĸָܹĿ飬ƽֳһ飬Լһ飬ʣһ͸͹ˡ
ڲԶ˰˵ĻǲˣƽСҲǣΨûУ
֪ҧһڣ˿ζ𣬰ǳŴζƷõ廨㣬˲ʱǰһ˵ĺóԣ˳ڲԽǰòԽҲһ
ԽһЦͷԼûҧСһͬˣ۾𡣡
ȴȻЩᣬԸǲ𣬸Ҫһһڵġ
馲ɫʯ֪ԽҲҲںδѵһ¿ڿջλ밢˽һ硣
쵽ʱջŴ򳤼һüչſջʵҮҮôˣǱ˵ʲôˣ̫ˡ
ջ峤̾һԴ˵ƵĴ꣬ǰص˰ӣȥȡ˼ˣԲ콵ͽӡ
֪һˣϻûĸĽ֮Ʋ˵ģǵϵԼϹ¼Ϲ
ﳤϾϣܴӴѡһʥŮɽΪꡣջٴ̾
νʥŮСûгɻŮӣҪһӶһʥŮѡͶʮ嵽ʮͣôһ绨ͣ˭Ը⽫Լഺʽɽϣһ
֪˲Ϊοջüչ׶Σδ䣬о񶼵һϲ˶࣬һпܻᱻѡΪʥŮ
ĪǰѡʥŮԽʵȻԽ֪Ѿ뵽һȥˡ
Ҳջ壬ȴջĻش
ջεͷһ̾Ϣ
ɽǳˮ𣿺µС𣿡ʵƺԼǷѡΪʥŮֻںɽϿԼϲ֮
ջʥŮɲȥģɽϾȥܿģˮɬûǣ˶Ʋżͱ̸µˣɵ
ǿɽ𣿡ʵƽЩ˽⣬ſ˵ﵱ֪ѡΪʥŮ֮ʱ
ɣһӶֻɽϡջ̸ˣȻһڣ³һȦ

65

˿ջĻģίУЩЩңָ߬ɿĴѲһ裬أ
裬۾ȻĿתŰߵ̨Լһ衣
ӣ衣
ջ³һȦ˵һҾͰ衣
һָԼһűӵ΢΢֣һжȹѰģһ뵽ɽµĿ޹أ벻ܺƽϽǣƲסڹ̨Ͽ޳
֪ѰԼСãƼ޵Ҳܣοбİ취ġ
ƽǸúӡջû˵ôһ䣬ʱҪѰʥŮɽϣСӳ˵ͰͶϺܾˣҪȢ𡣡
⵹Ǹ÷ƽ밢ףǰͲ߱ʥŮ
ջﲻɵø̾ԼȻˣ񲻺ʹˣƽֳ˷άôҲ˵ϲܶˣǰЩ֪˵ƽаģţˡ
뷨أԸ޸ƽ𣿡ջʵƽΣҲÿǷԸ⡣
޸ƽ𣿡Ժȫǿջ˵ĻҲ˿ޣ㶿һ衣
Ը𣿡ջһΡ
Ը⣡Īһ䡣
ڿջ忴馣һȻҲ
һ۰馣ô֪ԸԸ⣬̨һ˵ûá
ڰԥջЩϧƽվһֵиˣܲ۸
֪ðİ¶鰮Ҳֻһ֪⣬ֻ˰յлҪиѡȷʵЩ⧲ԻȵǸһЩİ
ջʱһ룬Լ¥Ϣһ
Сʲôõģ㲻ܼץס˵
ʹѿ֪ͲԽȥ˵ʲô˵ƽֵĻôʲôϵҼ޲ʲôϵ
ֻһˣ馶ŭǰϸ˵İȴΪ˱˶̬ȴ䡣
ֻһˣҲã˵
һ仰·Ǹ˰馵ͷһˣҲûʲô˵ģ뿪˿ջ
֪ù죬ǰ馶Ƕ԰𰮴⼸촦Ű𣬾ĻҲһ֡
ҹ
¶̫࣬ûɽطҹϤϤƿ¹ϣ˪̽ȥվ¹ƽ֡
أͳڴϿƽ֡
ƽ򰢽߽˵ҮҮ˵ԥң㲻ң˭
һˣŴЦˣƽֵ˵ϲС̫ˣ᲻ֻΪ˰Ҳ˵ҪȢңϲҪȢҡ
ƽִս밢棬ʵϲϲ㲻֪𣿡
ڵ֪ɵҿɾͲһˡ
˴յüڱ˴˵ϡ
𣿡ʵ
ƽֺһֱ˵û
СʣϴأƽֻˣƽֻӲӲС޻ƽֵĶϣƭӡ

66

֪ڴǰͷδ˿ɢڼͷ¹е¹ʧȥ˹ʡ
¡Խ֪ǰ£ס֪֡
֪ĳұȷʵ£֪֪Լ˴֮ˣƽ￴ɫֻĿ¹ҲֻĿꡣ
֪ſڽֻͣԽ˵֮ǰͬ˵Ψһˣ׿˼켣ȴΨ͸㣬һһҶţԣʵ
֪ƺһֻεĴֽסÿһεĺǣʹ֪Цʲô£ֻǾһµ
£
㲻ðЩӹڷ𣿡֪˵ԭĶӣȴδ̸ѣǰ԰𰮴ĻҲһţȷʵ֡
Խüһ룬鿪ʼﲻԾ
Ѱ˼һһֱΪ̨֪߰찢馿ʼ֮ǰһ
馶ӵִأǰ馣֪Ӳ֮󣬵һʲôԽʵ
ʵ룬֪һԼϴٿȻͨˡ
֪ɹ֮Խʲô¡
˵Ҳҵõ馶Ӧ˼ȥһҡ֪˵ǡǡûУûȥطҲûлرǼ˲̫ϲһС˵ʲô
ѵǣɡ֪˸󵨵뷨
ԽͷͬҲôһ뷨
Īǰӣ
֪Щ²룬ԽԽ£֪ϵİĪϤǴӺδˣ˵ģһޡ
ǰɣɣôɵ
Խ֪ϴ˵ҹʲôȥ̽Ѱ
ڶ𴲷ִͷ˼ǣĵƽֶԼ˵˵ʲô档
ƿţżСζ̫ʱӦȥժˣʱ࣬˷ƽСϡ
ƽ֣ô
𣿡ƽʵ
ͷ
Ǿ͹³緹ƽӣð¡
ɶҲȻ£Сһڣ壬ڸлƺⰢһˣǰƽӵСһһڱֱҪ̫Ҹﺬ˵Ҵ֪ôóԡ
̫ÿȥժ裬ʱǶŶӣϿζ緹ֱ˼ʳ
Ժ𣿡ƽʵ˳Ĩȥ˰ǵİ
ʵϵػش룡
޸ԺԵˡƽü˵
ȻǺסˣ˼ؿڲŽʳȥױĵôͻȻ˵׵ˡ
Ѿͷ𣿡ƽĿֱֱŰ
ĿڳȣԴ˵룬ֻǡ
ֻҪͿˣ԰ɣȥ档ƽ˵

67

ǰƽҲͰһȥϽֻ֣ǽܾúδֵֹġɫǣҧһڣѻӶҧûˣǰƽҲǳԣΪʲôǾýЩ졣
˿ƽǣֻ֣Ϊ
ã²ɹ΢⣬ƽִŰСɽȥ
ǰɽżȻƼһöŴһƽ˵
ڷԽһСɽ£ΪҴСһƬʲôöҲ֪
˵䣬÷Сɽ£ɽµıһƬͬ޻һƽأƽϿһһ˿ˮɫĻ꣬ʻɫĻÿһ±յ͸Զ뿴ÿһ仨ǵڵϵǡ
һʱ뵽ĻҲֻ֣ǰ߼⻨֮ǺУΪδǰûм㾰󣿡
ǰЩһƬֵĶ̲ݣȥ귢ҩúãͽƬˣʢĵһΡƽߵԣס֡
𡣡ƽֺһ
ţ֮У˵ҲɵЩ
Ȣòãƽһһ˵
Ȼתͷƽ֣ĿƺҪؿˡ
ǳˣո緹ǣ;ƽŰĺף˵Ķͷһ
ƽ֣Ϊθоǰ̫һˣ˵ֲһ˵˵ĸı˺ܶ࣬ǰƽִҲܺãֻǲƽֱףԾֱס
ƽ˰Ļֱʵﲻͬ
նĬĬҺá˵
ƽЦˣ֮ǰֱĬĬ԰ԭΪӰ֪⣬ȴ治֪ٲֱ֪ƾ͵͵ɽϵʥŮˡ
÷ҴСʱˡƽ𣬰Ѿᵽϵζ
֪̫ɹ˻أշ죬Ҷ˵һѾͷ
֪㲻Ǿ͹ˡƽֵ
ңұػӭ㣬ֽΪš
ǡô˵ˡ̧ԴȻһЦ
𲢲֪鰮ʲôֻ֪ƽЦ֣ƽۣƽִã봦ƽ֡ƽദǱȳ۽Ҫĵ¡

68

ƽ밢һ±ǺˮС򣬲ͬв̬ͬȣһ˻ƽӽˮҪȢôһҪôϺ˲ҪɽʥŮͨ˵ðǸĹͬƽһʡ
֪һʵ˼֤˰е£һ״ӮóŴϲ֮һĳס
֪ͲԽʱ뿪ҪƽЩѳӶںܿͶవϲƽֵĹ廨ͷʪˡ
ƽϻæ׼Ʒʱ֪֪˵ҪԽһ𵣵ʱһλã֪òףʱƽֹæұû˵׼һЩȥҶ˵˵
֪ԽֻӵһˣɻҪĽɫ˳ߵ⣬׼밢£δƿֻ洫˽
㵱Ҫ޸ǻëСǰ馵ͦġ
ʧİֳˡ
ʲôëСҼ˭ʲô£ڲԭ𣬹ܵô
˵Ŀǰûˡ
㣡ֻһ˵ֻһ⣬ѣ
ž֪Ľҹɫ
ǰ𡣡
Ȼʧ
Ȼһ⣬ҲһѵִΪʵˣ
ҡף˵ˡ
ˣʵ
ҡԴ
ߺЦˣ˵׷ǰִ֮ΪΣ
ֻ˵ˣɲû˵Ҳ˵
ȻʱЩ֪˵ЩʲôķӦҹﰢΪټģðʵ㰮ʲôΪΰ
ҴӹľмÿϤϣ¶վ顣馽͵
һжԼĹ¡
üëȻϤϣ¶
ûһϤϣÿյ²¶
ѽɳҪԺһĨɫ΢ĵɳͬһ·䣬ҲδѰ㣬ֲֻˡ˵
Ҵδ˵΢ĵɳ·䣬֪馿Ű𣬴Ѿ֮ˣѡ
֪ԽһۣȻ˲µõû
ϰ馵ûشֻµҡ֨߹죬˵ǰ𡣡
ԼĴ𰸣ѣͬҲ˼İ
ȻѾΪ֮ΰǱѰѣڵһػɽû⡣˵
ѰѣҲ˵˼ѣֻа
еĺͬˮϯûˣ޷һ㷢ְѣڰҪ֮˻᲻ѡںˮʱȰգǷ䵭Щ˰ĺ⣬е᲻ᶼһ
ֻǣû
̧ͷ֪ģҹĻеʧڵļ£馿ڣұˣ諡𡣡
ת֮ʣֻذؿһ˺ʹǰ޸ʧ͵ŻһѪ
㡭ҡֻ뵽⻰ѹȴûϵŻѪ
¡һסԼؿڣһĨȥǵѪȻһ֣ԽװȻĻԽŨأһѪŻ
馲Ը𿴼ԼǱģϽŲ뿪Ժӻ
馿£ɢ͸¶ǹ⣬֮һŮһǣβе£ֻæҼ
ʱǨֱɲŮΪ֮ޣҲҲǸȥǵˡǰŮʧ֣ʧȥŮ
һ뵽ʹѡ

69

ҪźãɻԼҡϣһһΡ
֪ͲԽ߽Ժ˵ʵ֪ЩΣϾǰѹϵҲãŵģϵȴ֪Ӧʲôӵ̬Դ
Խ߽Ժڰ馷վĵطͣ㣬ϵѪβͨѪҺڵԲһųɫСڵϣԽѪʰѪԽûɫʼɺתƣձɫ
ǡ֪ɫıʯ
Խͷ
û뵽Ȼַʽñʯ
Һ£ʵ
Ҫ˵Խλˣ²ף̫ջӦλϡ֪˵
˸Ƿ˵̫Ѵ󣬲ϲֻ֣ںԺԳԾƣҮҮݴ齫μֱȥ֡ʯ£˵ҵΪֳҲȹӵλǺʡ
ȻѾô˵ˣ֪Խʲô˵ء
֪ʶһݸ֪ͲԽ˵ԭΪⱲӷޡ
֪ûˮǺס͵͵һ۲Խɫƺ̫ãĵôĺĺ֪˵֪֪˵ŲԽЦЦ
ԽɫźͻһЩ
ĵ˵ⱲӶӣҲˡ˵ҲԼһ衣
֪ΧĿ˲٣ѻһǷ飬˵Ҳ𣬵ȥ
ãǶûм޸ЦЦҲϲֻǾúʱر˼ҮҮԺֻըëС
֪ûȥˡ
Ϊʲǫ̂£ԽʵǶ˶֪һ£Ų̊ȷʵ˷˼
𻺻豭£˵粻ֵ
Ǵ֪ɹǿʼ˵֪һ˵ȴûеԭֱ֪ɹ·Ҫ֪
֮ǰ֪ǰʱ򰢽ʮ档
һȨĵطݲ˷
һˮˣһ̲ˮˮԲãͲˡ³ֵǡ

70

ѱԸ죬̱ˣԸֻཻż֪죬֪ðӾ;Ȥû֪ΪֵӾֻͬһ졣
Դ֪֮ѿʼһûĵطֻ֪곤ȴѿ಻֮£αӣͨĻŮ΢ĵһ޿֪
ʱѱ㿪ʼˮһԣС΢ĵ΢ĵֻΪѴŸΪˮѲˣʵʲȻ˵ֻһصСӣѹûϷš
֪·֮ѿʼ𲽵米ĹϵȴͬһĹϵ۸ӣҪһ鷢統ʧСɹٻ澣޹ʴʧ
ֱһƼһɼҺԲһ澣ѲʶЩʧ˵澽Ρ
ѳλɼ˵˵£ǴɼֻһЦ·ǰѵһЦ˵ܵƣձ˴£ܸ澻Сɹһϡ
ֻǵȻһЦȥ
Ѳ۵Ϊһ۱ۣ۲Ƿۣ֪ǼҲãС澲㱻һҲա
ԭһ澵ˣĵط
Ȼǲɢġ
ҹķǣһѣƺ壬͸㱡ƣѿһҸӣһһȴţͷõĻûµġ
ûסЦˣڷ䣬˴һֻҲƼһ㣬磬澻һֻôţѾһǳأҲûʲôŲµĶˡһɵʯ޸ĸûκμǹҡ
ӣ
ںԼתȥձðС澣ѵǰ˵ӣӰɣɼңɼҪɱ㣡
ɼȻָǵմС澵Ĵɼҡ
˲Ҳͬ˵ҵɱҲɣ˵Ī統û
ѾļҷˣһĹͻҵٲˣСż˵
ü˼ȥۡ
ûõģСѵۣۺ죬ǶһˣҵĽǱ۴ġСƺµĻ棬ܡ
ѺȻˣڹȻ¶ɼҴСԼ۷ΪѾһ˵棬ҪɱӺɱʾ˲׼ѶһϣҲûˣסС澵ͬһߡ
磬ҪҲա
ѴС··ܣСȽŲ㣬ټ׷ɱ羫˺ܿͱ׷ϡ
ͦܵģͦ״ģһСɣô𣿡ɼЦһ
ѻܣ½ڻнϳһξ룬׶༪ˣٿؿһطѶС˵֪ʲôʿɱ𣿡
СѲʲô˼
ʱЦĳǰ̨ˣѡһȥǱץȥ
Ȼ߶Щ
̨ܣɼһ׷ǰȥСվ̨Կ׷ˡ
ɼҳЦ̨̨µܵס𣿻ԹԸߡ
һ˵㲻䣬Ҳ䣡԰Сһ̨ͬ
ֻ̨֪ȴ֪ڱΧɱ֮ѡ
мɼҼλܿܵס̨̨ɢѾʶƲס׹䣬ͻȻо˽סе˴󲿷ֵ
ӣлл㣬ҴС澣ûлùأûԼϣйһΣлл㣬ֻϧҲûлᱨˡ
ˮ۽ǻ䡣
Ҳֻһ˴̨СȴԶ̨޾ĺڰС
ƮƮһ˼ңֻǰٴһƬٴμʱһӵ߻йĻ
ֻ˵ǵŮ𡣡

71

֪Ȼֻ⣬ȴҲ֪ҲѾۻൽֵزˣȷʵӡ˰Ļ粻ֵ
̨⻧˼ҡԽ˵
ͷϧֻϧҲ֪ǲ̫ӲӵиĸûĸױˣһʱҲȥƽ׶£ң˼ʮҲȤ
Ϊֻϲѵļ䣿֪ʵ
ҡҡͷʾԼҲǺ˵̨Ӱ졣
նԣѻ˵ģ磬˼Ѱðˡ
أ˵˵Ĺ°ɣڱɹ֮ʲôСɾʶģǰ˲豭һִҹ̸֮С
֪ԽһۣԺѸֶ
˵ˡ
ڶ
̫ͷϸϸῪÿһôϸء
ƽֹĳŵֽΪţӭ
֪ĲĻΣɫĻڳŰɫļ¸Ѥ
֪ͲԽǰƽֶ˲ˡ
㣬ֳȲ衣
ǰ֪ǾǸվѾ˱ߣ֪ЩЦκλ㽫Цȥ
֪ԵĲԽȥ֪ڿʲô˳ŲԽĿ֪ݵվһϤӰǰ馡
Ҳע⵽֪Խ΢΢Ҿ뿪ú
վٿһۣϼ޸ˡ
ڵҵ˻ɫıʯ֪֮Խ඼ɽѰٺɫıʯǰһϣ޶֪Խģ޷ǵȵæ꣬һӡ
֪ЦӦȴԽɬæ꣬Ѿʧ䡣
ԽȻ߾裬ʲôڳջ֪ջſڣڵҹɫֻпջǰһƬ⣬һɫӰڹ
֪ԽûϵϼͻȻӦڱǺһŶԡ
ϼˣҲڸ𣿡֪ʵϼջ¡
ϼջŲϤףһЦǴкˣ˵һģڱǡ
֪һ֪˳⡣
Ŷֻⷽ㳯һҵǡϼ˵
˼ϼӣǴǸϼûˣ֪Խ̸Ҳˣƽֻؼңռˡ

72

֪żɽʵϼǲǺìˣ
ϼҲûˣ˪һ˵ֻΪһһͻڻҷʵһҲ̫һⷢȣֻǶǶҡ
֪ϼôһ˵µ֪նϪ˼һʱ֮䲻֪ΰοϼ
ϼνˣҲˣҲ顣ϼЦһҶʮϪȥ뿪ҾڱǶӡ
ԽʾǺ㡣
ڶռ򵥵ظС򣬺ôҲסһʱ䣬ЩᣬջҲˣŲԽļ˵´һҪ棬ס޷ѻǴۡ
ԽЦŵˡ
˵᲻ãҹ侲ģγԱȣ֪ЩЦ˵æһҪ
֪֪ԼĽŵͷ˵ġֻǵʱĿֻһˡ
̤ǰ඼ɽ·ʹ÷һĹ㵽ɽ
ɽֲ࣬ĻҲͶ࣬ɫһɫӭȻ
羰ȷܺãֻ˵ֵֹġ
ϼӻ˵ķˮĺá
Խͬͷ˵ɡ̫֮Ѩ
֪ŲԽɶ˼̫ףڷˮ֪һϲͨ
ԽһЦ͵˼طķˮܺãܳ
֪˵ĵͷ
ԣɽһɽԽ˵
֪֪оǹǴӺζˡ
һطˮãܳǾϲطˣʱһãɽ󲿷֮¶ˣΪٹˣǴٹ˻ôķصء
ֻκɫʯʲôأ
ҷŽǳϷɻУϪա
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ǰһϷСţȻ֪ģʰ١
ϪظϷСϷ˵Ȼ֪ģʰ١
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٣֮ʱǶ仨Ϊʢ𣿲һΪʢˡ
ڣǶ仨ʱ𣿲һˡ

73

ջ㱼Ǻܾǰѹָɽµӣûϰǹ¼ʱţջо
˼ʶЩˣȻһҲδݰֵţħҲſ岻һѣǿڿ˵ϲϼҲǵʱ򲻼
ƺߵһ£ͽоȴ֪ĺѡ
Ҫ˵ϼҲͦõġϪ˵
ֻǴӱһҪסϪ֣Ϫ˳ֽӷܾӴյûи顣
ͫ΢ʵʲô˼
Ϫ˵û鰮УȴܿУգҶϼС
ɫһڣѹ˵һֱţ
ϪհҪ̨˵ˣεðɡ
ϷС̨Ϫ̨Сں߳ţܽǹƴ⣬λˣ亣ǣɢġ
ĪĻţҧһĶϷС
˿ջȥɽϿһϼӲϲɽ·ɽͷ¿ɽߣϼӻԼĽţŲ֪ĸ裬Ȼһ磬ʳָԼıӣֹ˭ڱ˵ҡ
֪ûҵ羰һ·ϵ͵ͦ졣
ɽʱ䱾յ˵˵ҹɽɽʱѾֻʣǳǳһ˶һƺһֱԭתȦ߲ȥͬǽһ㣬ͨ˶ǺµĲУֻ˲ͨˡ
۰֪ۡǺһЦ˵ľⲻ۹ǽߡ
֪ôǽ߸ֻǰ֪ʱѾվ˺ŮӣɢͷŮɢŨѪζϸϸһԭǰѣֻѪȾˡ
Ů֪ⷽһֻ֣ϸ԰׵ָѪҺ
֪Խϼ˽û˵
˵ʵһα£֪Ҫɶͦġ
ŮһԴ˲Լͷ㿴ǰˣʲôճ˵Ǹüк²Ŷԣô˿Īɵˣ
֪죬Ůôоġ
Ůһһ֪˷ÿһϻһѪɫӡŮ붼ôôܣĪ˽ţŮߵ˸ǰͣ£¿Ŵ찢Ͱͼ£ҲûжķӦ
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ڹǽˡԽ˵һ䡣
Ů
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ʲôˣ֪ѯʵ
Ůֱͦ˵඼󡣡

74

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ڵˣǵĹʲôɫʯǾͼǮĳĹ˷Ĺȱۣ
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ֵ֪ĶͷҸɿҽ⿪ǽòã
ܵͷϴָ֪䴫ȴУ̧ۿֻ֪ЦӯӯƳ۾һ䣬֪û壬ֻ֪ע⵽ڴ¶˿ڣһںۼֱࡣ
֪ͻȻʶһѪĪǶԼģһܵ˺
аɣҽ⿪ӣҽ⿪ǽ˵
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ɽǰں溰ҪаҪĹñ˵Ķˣ´ΣҶһӶɽϣ
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֪Ҳǡ
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һĶʵ۾ֻôһŮ谮Ըãټǹλ֮˵ʹʵۻʺµ̫๬Ůϲ
ʹںܶ˵һ˵ļҡ
ţڻʹ˻ˮһɰĶ
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ҵļңɱҼˣռҼ԰̤Ǿȴʬ̤ȥʮĹȻȻǰ档
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75

ָƭӾӦҲǧеζϼӷ׷׵𷽲ŻѪ;ۡ
Ϊ˵ĸƭӡԽ˵һƭӴδ󸶳ҲɽһǻʼҷĹĵط
ôһ˵ƺҲе
Ҳϲֻڽɽ밮УѡǰߡԽ˵
δ̫ĺˡ
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ΰ¶ˣһŰɾͬС¹ݣ鶯۾֪Ⱦɫ˵ôˣ
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΢һ£ԼԴ԰ôģôˣҵĸĸҲ
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76

Źž͹䵽˷صΧǷأͬͬ˵ķأǰҲɣ󲿷ֵķ޵ıƽյļҶҪãž·жǡ
һأķĹĹǰֻ˼׵ʯʯҲֻȼΡ֮ޡ
˵ʵصҲõĹҲһɵûİ
أ޺ɨʯºһңĹǰ˹ƷǰһƬյЩį
ɽΪ˸ʲôӱ
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һ˵Ȳû˻ɣ̫ţû뵽඼ʣ𣿡
֪ͷⱾһغ²Ĵ¡
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ĸԷĵϼֲ֪ɵۣ̫ˣֲûᱻƭü
Ҫĺ챦ʯʳָָĹС
ķ󲿷ֱصʶֻмٲֵķزãоͰ֮ޡء
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Ȼ֪춼εûôĵĹҲ϶ǲǵĹ
˵Ȼ棬ãʵȱĳЩĹҪԣҲΪ˷ֹĹһֶΰɡ
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Ӳ˼ЦΪҲҵķأͨסû˵ķĹżȻĹ˵ﺬһźɫӡ
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77

Ĺ
ĺÿĹĽ̻ԻͣĹķȺ棬ĹѨķ֪߽һȻǼٵģķȱĻôãƺһйµķĹ
ۣҲ̫ÿˣͺǰɽһģһϲ
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Ż񣬲Ųǰߡ
ĹΪ˷ֹĹ޽أֻ˶ǡ״̬лҲûµġ
һ·϶ܿģƷУͬʱҲСЩ߰֡
Խֻ֪ܶ˵ڸǡ
֪һ߾ʵ֪ʲô𣿡
ԽҡͷԶ޷
ĿǰδʲôΣգҲͲ֦Ͼڱ˵ķĹ
֪ʱʼ󽥽ɫòԾ
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ͣ½ŲϸϸƺûʲôĹ֮ڣˡ
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Ƥ˵ȹǰܡ
󣡡֪ôȻ֮ˡ
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ֻһ·ǽһֱߣܿͷԼȦڰеˡ
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ϼվϵĻң˵߰ɣ⿪ˡ
ٴΨһһ·һȴȻԭشת
ϼԣüӦðý⿪ǽŶ԰
ԽܴһʱǽɹµģҲпĳЩµġ
֪ԽʵʲôԾ𣿡
Խ΢΢ֱָۣط˵ƺЩ
Խָط㣬һΣƺǷֱطһֱԭת

78

սһ㣬ڻҶϣһɫ̫һǳȺɫһǵƵĻɫƺǼвǽĻֽϼֽȴҲץסŻֽ
ֽ֮Ҳ˽硣
鷳
˶رó⿪磬°Ѱ˼ô졣
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յĹѨӺڰĽ䴫һ磬ֱֱɫֽ䣬֪Լҵͷɫֽĵط٣˿
ڻɫֽǰ£Ѱ˼ô졣
һӰɣϼӸŽɫֽһǡ
пܡԽ˵ƺǲǼǰߡ
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أô߹·ģ֪ʵҲù죬ΪʲôĹôҲûһ
ϼָϵ˵˭֪أ˵׼ǰ汻ˡ
µظ⳱ʪϼմ˺ܶʪ
֪һЦƺ뵽ʲô˵ְѰɡ
֪ŻɫֽʩɫϵɫۿɼıϸһֽɫˣǷֽƺʪˣɫֽΧǽͷҲһŻɫֽһ˵ϡ
ۣϼӷ̾Ҳ̫ˣ
صسʪˮֶ࣬ӽû취ƻɫֽʹƻۼǽˮ֣Ǿۼڻɫֽֽˮͻỵǽǻһǡ
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𣿡ĿתǰƤʵƤ졣
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79

һҧȻƤһģдۡһֿƲס
ŹĻһμ䣬һģģļ䡣
󿴼ԼɽһݵӣʱһͬɽɽķҶƤģͤƤŻºɫ£¶ɫ¡
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һͬΪҽ˹ײ˹ײĻ

80

Ǵǰϼһ۲۵ĻˣǰƭҲƭ󣬿ϼһˣǰΪνȨ˰Ĺĳֶ벻öһ
ѰʱһֿƱʵʿķʽӵ
֪ǰӻҽҳ˺ɫʯײıλ֪ײеɫýƿһЩƺľͷ˵Խƿײġ
Խײƿһξ룬ɫԽˣ֪ƿǱɰʯɫľͷǺ֮ЩȵؿԽ⾹Ȼһľײġ
ԽľײĴ򿪣һͬŻãͷԷһ壬ȻдŶ֡
ǰսķܰհӦɽ棬ܸī͵ޣȴķĹѹײ֮¡
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˽ײİǺãֽĹײѹײ֮ϣˣĹԵøӿյˣ˵Ŀ˹ײĲԶƤϡ
˵ģȰƤģ޵һƤģҹҹ죬Ӳ˴Ǵ˵еƤˡԽ˵
֪ü̲ס̾ϢΪΰƤģΪҪ飬ΪҹĹģΪҪ
ʱһΣ԰
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֪ɵ㰮ûҲҪúóԷú˯Ҫȥ֪⻰˵Խġ
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81

˼ƵƵ֪֪꣬Խˣڵõɫʯ֮ͣһ鱦ʯ֮ɳ
ɳֻ֣ͬΪһݲɳصĵطʵطᾪϲһĴԭԭаɫȺԲݣһһȺ
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82

ڲ˼˼ҵķˣ֪˾ʼҶסһ죬һŷʲôġ
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˵ڣȽϺôܽӴһ
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83

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ܸˣѰôõĶҵˣͬʱѹЩ۾ζЩ˵ı롣
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84

гǻصǽʯͷһʯ֪ʵϼǷԸһͬرǣϾʱյĹϵȷʵЩΡ
ϼһ룬̹Ȼ˵ΪʲôȥأѲҪΪһ޹ؽҪԼ𣿡
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85

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86

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87

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89

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Ÿжµش¸֪
Σ֪֪㻹ǻزˡƶ֮Ͽŷ޸֪Ĩᡣ
Դ֪ϼӱȡ֮󣬲Խ췴ĸ˴죬٣һһ꣬׶˴ǧˣڲ͸಻Խôһ֣ͱһɢɳɢˣ䷨ǿȴҲסŮ֮붷սʤĳʱѹλѡһеܵɼҵְλ
λһ̨ʹĴǰµķʲôŮ֮ܶͳͳɾͬʱҲ෨ŵıϵȵȣġ
ԭǸͽͷļС΢ĵ²λȥļͷµļ˭أԽ֪һִČʲˡ
Ǻļ֮λɌΡ

93

Թŷﱯȡƶˣ˼ʱ̵ʫᵽˣ֪֪̫ˣ۵һ¿޳ˡ
Ȼ˵ѳɴ˵һҪ֪Сû뵽֪ѰԽȻǌһοԭһº֪ԽһΣֻǌ⵱ʱæڽˣ鲻ȥ֪ûϵҲͿˡ
ݺһѱӣûסֿ
ƶϴһ磬ڷһ˵
ˣ
ͣס˿۾һԭΪû˲޵ģ˰ˣ
ӡʩܵݺݵؿ⣬һ˺ܲˬӡ
ǵӡʩǰ˼ںӱߺͲԽ֪ܵǸ磬׵ģⲻɵһ²ӣô˯Ȼƺû
ӡʩŌ⣬ļôôûϽ
Ҳƣһ·ʲô𣿱ɾˣҲɻȥ˵ҿһ¶û˽һ¶𣡣
ӡʩĿӌŲɻΪӡʩٴû뵽ӡʩ˵ûҲûޡ
˲Խ֮⣬ӡʩҲѹǸˣ֪ܿѣζûаﵽһıˡ
һӡʩһңȶ֮ƶ˿˼֪ܶԿƣ˵󣬾˵ǸϪԭǾ˿С֣΢βףʱҲãһ꣬ҲҪûˡ
ʵ֪ҲˡϪڳǽϣ˿˵
طպϪһμĵطյʱϪ°Ͷþãʵʱվ͸֪ϪˣϾл۽𾦣ûзֵԭϪֻһ˿С֣һΪˣֵϢ졣
ҧȥظ֡
ϪգͻȻЦˣαգ㻹ûԼ˼𣿡
ɫڡ
֣㵱Ǹ˵˵ĺֻ˿ʱҲ˵ˣ˵˵ĺҲҲϲֻһִ𣿡Ϫ˵
ӦǶģװɵ
ϼӡϪû˵ֻ΢ɼһ£ϼĺϲ㡣ԼģҲᷢʵҲϲϼӵġ
ֻϧϪٴ̾Ϣֻϧձ
˵ϼĲϪֻϧһԺֵĶϼЦݣͻȻ˵ϼʲôȱˡ
Խһͬ磬бָɽµĳԭ򡭡Ϫյ۾Ҳϼԭɡ
ղÿɷ

94

գԼˡ
տǰʧϪеıʹûеָоȲ֪ϼӱ֮˯žĸоֱڣҲ˯á
ż˽俴ҲᳰЦһֻúΪһֻè
󣬲ҪҡϪ΢΢һЦҲҲټ
վڳǽ֮ϣһɢ˵ˣűΪϪϪˣʲôأ룬ûɣϼӺ˵ԺҪڱǶӣѾزˣ룬ǻػɽԼɽɡ
˵ŻػɽȴָɽҲûϵԼ֪ߵȻˣҲúÿһĵطСûкϣԵڣϸһѾɾˡ
ʲôûΣһŷɫȹŮˣ˵ŮЦЦ
ҲķϣѹһӴͷ
ʱÿšεûдЬĽţǵǰͼϵӣ۰Ͱ͵ģ
üȻߴߴ˵
ղԼҲûϵ˵ţͼԼֺǣһѳ֥ùӵ֮գǸأûһ𣿡
ʲôʶһ䣬ӦӦ˵֪
Ǹϲ·ϻСĹ˵
һ㶣ݵĲ֪ϼӣʵôʶģ
ڴԼˣǺЦ˳ϵҶ˵㱻ѹٶ꣬ǹＸ㣬ǾеԶ֦ߣҪȻʮʲô£һΣÿһζֻǴҴҼ۱ˡ
վúǿ̣һ仰Ҳ˵
յӣ𾪵ǰɣǰɣ۽ʥЩ㶼֪ٴסЦˡ
ҧгݵΪʲô˵ʹϼѹָɽļΪʲô˵
ô˵ЦЩ˶ҪӵģѹָɽǱӣϣ˿Լӣǹ￼ǵһˣÿҲֻԶ͵͵㣬Ҳ˵㡣
ֻûȫڶ׻䡣
˵ԼɫָʵգǹأŪ˰ɣ
һŪˡ
һ̾һѽ

95

ûɵģǰϼ뿪ʱϷСļʶ
ܽǹƴ⣬λˣ亣ǣɢġ
Ȼ֪ģʰ١
վʲôѹָɽѹϻܡ
ռзӦŪʲôҪһ
һ
̧ͷʣ˫ֲ߬
ԣһðϼһΪʲô˵ΪǵΪΪ
Ĺ¼ӵʲôҪĲ顣
뿪ָɽһҪˡԽ
ԽЩһֱڴѽ֪һֻϧ޸ѣҲأҪѾȳ֪ϼڰȫ״̬£Ͼ޶˷ԭΪ޸ѡ
ѰԽȥԽһֱѯͼѾȻ֪۵ǲԽħΪ˾޲ܲ˸һѳ嶼ҲԽȰο
ԽҲϢһ£ʱ鼮岻ãϢĲöԾҲã񲻺ͻ¡
ջûƿĴžµīڶԲԽȰ
տԽĿȫУī˵Ļδš
īȻΪۣǲܰһ۱˭̨Ĳ
ԽӲɣ˲٣۵һƬ࣬Ǻܾöû˯ˣ°Ҳɫ硣
ʥˣȰȰԽɡīĻ䣬дʥϼӱѵУڳ˽֮һֵ൱ȶһѵǿˡ
Խһͬѡ
īɵۣǰɣǰɣûɣոո˵ɶīеӮ뿪˲󣬷һϯǰ׿ˣվһȵˡ
ԽյĻŻ̧ͷָһ鼮ȥ鿴Ǳߵ鼮Ϣ
ͷۣ£һ飬Сͷۻ֪Խμôһʱ䡣
ϢһնԲԽ˵ѻû򿪣ԽѾûˡ
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̧ۣԽѾ۾ƺѾ˯ˣҲС˲١

96

֪ѰţһӨɫĹǰţ֪Ķ͸ĶҲʲô⣬֪ͣ½ŲѵŮ˵֮б壿ǰС㣬̽Եָ˴ûʵ˸į
Ȼûоʲôǵָ֪뿪С֮󣬾ڽ
֪֪֪֪
֪ܣҵ˭˵

֪˳ŷԴؿȥǰԾС㣬֪ٴִ˴ʵ˵𣿡
СЩˣ˵ҡ
֪Щ죬ȴҲȷ
˭ô֪ҵ֣֪ʵİ֮ϵԼͦ˸˵ġ
Ϫ򡣡
֪㵣æʵеģ
ڱˣͷԼɫˣԭѰ俴Ϫı飬пЩľȣһֱΪǵΪеȥҲãҲգ󶼻Сڴ˴
֪̾Ϣأ˵˵ҵȥϼӡ
һҡ
֪ŵˣ˵ҲǺõģʱطͬ˵֪Լܿͻ
Ϫ򣬴ұ֮ӹ˶ˣ֪Щ㷲ʵ
Ϫڳ˼һŻشһٶˡ
׼֪ʱʱĿڳ鴤һ£ʵԽ𣿡
Ϫһ˵ã㲻ԺҲڱ˵Ĵѵķһֱҵ㡣
֪ñͷɬǰ·ģǿԼʱȲҪЩȳȥ֮ٺúֲ
СС˵ԵӴ֪ܿһҵƮŵϼӣüͷƺʲôõΡ
ϼӣϪͻȻ֪ܵϼǰ
ϼճС㣬֪
ϼôˣôﶼ˯ţϪʵ
֪΢΢üϼһѭΣǽвֻԼ
ϪʵѲأ

У˼ֻɵ˵ĳȻԼϲϼӣɲ

97

Ϫϼţһһߺϼӣѣ
֪ٴθûã˿ϪϼֽУ˰ɣ˾ͺá
֪ųʱһѣԺһҪϪܷͨͿϪϼӶͷһȻ˶ͷʧ
ǰɡ֪ϼӵĶͷô͵ȥˣֻ֪һˡ
֪Ƶڵ¡
ѣϪôʧϼӵĶͷ
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ϪҲûϵԼϼӶͷϱQ¾͸һƬڰ֮УٴοʱǰһƬ󺣡
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ϪͷԼѾΣϼϼӣ
ϼתɫɴȹں·ڣϼϪЦϪ򣡡һϪǰɰҲ
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ϪһĬĬղˡ
Ϫϼں߽ʯŵȣһ죬졭һ¡ꡣ
ջƻ轫ȾٻɫϼֳŲԵˮ棬˵Ӧòˡ
Ϻз͵ˮĵһᣬɼҪһʳˡ
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ΰɣ˵úϵ١
ܵʲô٣ֲʶ
ʲôţŶ˶ˣ£úϵ£
£һʲô٣
ǿĹ
Ĺ
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ϼӳŲˮ棬һϺһз˵ҽ첻ǣ
Ϻзţϼѣغ
ϼӻصȹڲţԼЬӣЦӯӯҲûջ֪
ҪȥϪʵ
ȻϼϪ˵һȥɡ
ϼӴϪ磬һᣬ˼ɼ̫ˣŶӾŵ˵ڶϡ
ϼϪǰֻһʱϼֵؿϪ˵ˣҹŴôһ˽ȥ
ֵϼϪ飬ſ´ϼӣϼ˵ЩѾ·ϼ˵
ȻΪʲôϪˣϼӻѸϪȥڡ
ϼ˵ضϪ˵Ҳ̫ˣĲص
Ϫ˵һѵûֳҶ
תתڵһϣֻĴ֣澼ϣƺʲô¡
֪籾ϪȻ֪մһˡ
еѾ־βˣ˳߰Ⱥϼӿ˱Ŵڴ׼½գϼӴ󺰣ա
һձڲȺҵĽ
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һƺˣͣסŲתһĨЦݳϼϣת֮ͬʱȹū澿޿߹ס˶˵ߡ
תֻһȺūüٴת뿪

98

ϪƺǿȥˣסϼӵִȺﴩȥѰա
վǴˡ
ϼ½ڣۿ΢΢죬һ䣺ôҡ
Ϫ룬һֻ
ǰϷϷԵΪвԲˣۿٵɡ
Ϸžմ̼Ϸֻƽ˳
־ɡ
ϼ½ȥѰգ֪ᷢʲôϪסվͻᱻץӽ¯½ͷѰ٣Ƕòżõ
ϼϪǷˣʱ䱼岻ʣҲͬһϢдʱա
յսܿˣձӽ¯֮С
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̫ϾĶʹϼӿصĵطϼӾ̫ϾҪһա
̫Ͼ֪ϼյĹϵֻϼ棬ܾʲôÿģúһֻΣյúܣվͱһŵҩˡ
ϼǲģ
̫ϾҲϼӣǳˣ˭˭
ϼָĵҵҵǳ¶Ҷ𣡡
̫Ͼƿϼӣ˵һΪҹգϺ򺣽ϼ󣬽ӴӴ
ϼһ㶣ǼյĴۣӦˡ
̨ϾϼӴӦˣ¯˷䣬һ޷׵Ĵ򿪣Ҳϼӷų
ձӽ¯ĵھ졣
ϼӿ¯ܵȵ¶ȣƺҪڻ¯˵գգҵ
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֪¯̫Ѿյûʶ
ϼ¯ĸӿȥȹ¥ݣȥ¯ĸӣȴ̵֡
û°ɣϪϼӱŵ֣ɫѪݳ
ϼûиоʹһ㣬¥ݳ¯µĻǯݵסض̵Ļǯͼûǯ¯ĸӣȻҲ޷򿪡
ϼ¯Ǳ˷䡣
ϼѻǯһ˦¯ʵգҾȲ㡣
ϪϼֵѪԼѪƵġ
Ϫν鰮ҲΪλΪν鰮ⷬģϼ㣬ԽǷ
Ϫ룬Ըһλ˵˵˵ɣȴҲÿ˳ء

99

Ϫ䵱Уϼһٿ޵Ĺձӽ¯ʮ죬ȴᣬϴ档
ÿϼӶȥ˵˵ÿ˵˵žͿˣܿϰ졣
ͯʵΪʲôϼÿﶼޣ
һͯ룬شϼӵһң޵ġ
ͯӾеòײܳԵұ˳ˣܿ޵ñϼӻ
ֱһ졣
ϼûüȥǺܳˣ
Ϫ򿴵һĨϲɫϼӵüҡ
ɺϺ࣬ƫƫһΣϼҲվûټա
ϼ૵ǲҺʼȱ˵Ե֣
Ϫοټġ
ȷǻټġ
⼸С²ϣƵȻɽһο԰ˡ
Ϊձѹָɽ¡
ϼϪ½ȥָɽѰգһȫָɽѹס˵ϼӾͿƲסޣһ߿һԹΪʲôÿζԼǱ˺ۡ
ձ¯ϼҲÿնȥָɽҲ߽ԶԶյһӽäվš
Ϊʲô߽ȥϪʵ
Ҳ֪յƢҲǱʱڣҵҿϼش
Щ飬ǲҪ̫ĺá
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˵˵˲ҪҽܸŮ𣿡
̫Ͼź׷˵϶ϲ
ʲô϶ϲҼû֪ϲˣ˼ҾͲòҵĻˣƽʱûµʱá
Ӿҹˣν򺣴󽫾ҹ˵һȴҲѵõĶšǱá
̫Ͼ˵ʲôϼߵŴˣһֱſִõȶã
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ϼҹջͦòģһɢСɣʲôšһʣϼҲֵ̧̧°ʾ̫Ͼġ
ҹϼΪζڵ¡
̫Ͼֺˣ뵽ⲻͦ

100

ʵ˵ҹദһϼڡ
ϼɼǣҹʵ
ﻹǣǣϼʵش𣺡δ
Ҵȥҹճϼ֡
ϼԥƬ̣Ὣִҹҹס
ҹյ΢΢Щϼʶջҹȴץˣϼ˵Īʧˡ
һϼҹյһ񣬳ʱվ˱ֻʣˡ
˵һƬʱɫûȫһ齸ʯ¡
ҹյһȡ˳ڽʯ֮ϣͷ˵ʵϾϼӲǳ
ϼҲһڽʯϣôһ˵ɻ֮ǰʲôط𣿱Ҳʵʱ
ҹ룬˵ٶˣһƬ
ϼ룬ʵ벻𣬼ûйҹյ䣬ƬϼҲǵһ̤㣬ҹǲǼǴˣֻҹռ˵
ʱ̫ɽ֮ʣ汻Ⱦůɫųһɫɫ̧ͷжӦλãֻϼӳһƬϼ֮ϣһһ˫ţ·ˡ
ԭֻ·ֲöƬûӡ󣬲ԣôһƳͼٶꣿ
ֻ˾һƳȴ˰ٸ
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ϼЩļ£ҹ۾ѾǵӰӣԥ첻֪λش
ҹҲҪϼظָ֮еǺ˵ǳˡ
ҹĻ֮Ϲ貵ķǣ޷Ų˫ۡ
ϼԸ̾һںҹǡ
Ҫǣɲǡҹ˳ͬϼҲָŴ˵Ҫ㿴ǡ
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ϼһŲ뺣ˮֳ֮һɫԲϼһЦЩϲ
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ҹյ֣ϼϸꡣ
ڽĬĬܾ˵Ϫ룬⽫ǰʤ㡣

101

ϲµϪôõĹ£ԼӦЩʲôˡ
ϼҹշֿ󣬺֪ڽŵϪæȥҡ
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Ϫϼദ⼸ɾʲô£
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ȻЩĪϼǰϪ˵ϸϸʶģϼͻȻѿڶڱǣҴ·ȥ֪ҡ
Ϫ΢΢𣬻ûǵ֪
㲻ʱе𣿡Ϫϼӡ
ϼһͷˮʵôˣ
Ϫ΢̾һϼǵ֪ǲûʶʱӦʶ֪ϼʶ֪ʱȡ֮󣬶ջѹָɽ£Ϫ˵ɻǵʲôʱ֪ʶ𣿡
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Ϫע⵽ϼӵķӦʵ㻹ǵɼҵʱγƺյ𣿡
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Ѿɷļ䣬Ҳ˵ϪҲã֪ҲգͳͳӦʶʶˣһ˺ܶδļ䡣
ϪҵհѺܶϸݶˡ
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ΣҪôϼʵ
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ϼӵͷá

102

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ٴοϼ۾ĬĬ߶ꣿ
ϼƳ˽Ϫ򣬶˵Ҫ뿪ˣ뿪֮ǰһ㡣
ջûӦϼѾһǣˡ
տϼ뿪ıӰ˵ϼҹ֮󡭡
ϼڱ󺰵
һȢ㣡
ϼӵĽŲ˶٣΢΢һЦԽЦԽÿɬ
ǲǸʵ˵̤߲Ȣˣ
ξվξһжǻһΡ

103

ϼߵϪʵ֪ô˵
Ϫش֪֪˵Ծ̨ѹġ
ϼ˼һԾһ˵ķʽȻһΣҲνʹʹ
ϼվָɽɽϣϪԥʵϼǺ𣿡
ϼҡͷϣ˵ͱ㻹Ȣҡ
ϪȻԭϼΪ¶ԥȰֻξ
ϼӿܣɽˮ㣬Уϼʵʵʲô𣿡
ϪѰϼӵ·Ϻ̸֪˵ξǰѭ䲻ΪΪı䣬Ŵǰķչ켣һһȥȻ˵˻ỹȢĻյĽҲֻʵ
ϼӺһЦƿޣ˵ԭξںҡ
Ϫ򿴵ϼЩĲ̣˵ϼӣҪţʵġ
ϼӱ£泯Ϫ򣬶Ϫ΢΢һЦָϵһ㣬˵ϲĿѽ
ɣ¡
ϼϪЩŵش̽ͷδմ˭Ϫǰϸ¡
ϼڵʱûеʹλѡúãǰ߻пձʹ飬ϼӾԼĿЩʹ
˵ξԾʹ
ϼٶʱ㿴֪
ѹˡ֪΢΢һЦ
Ѱ겻ϼЩ㱣˰ʵǣ
ѣǱˡ֪ش
ϼӿһ㣬ξϪʵϪأ
ָ̧֪֣ͣһɫ㣬˵أһ
ϼӰ֪˵ǰɫ⣬ջ־ϪʵϪôˣ
ϪشΪѾˡ
ϼɫʱɷףôˣ
֪͵ƺеȥ󶼻ữһʱ䡣
ҲϪĹɣһʱµ֣ͬʱҲоɵʧµǴɵʧȥ޴ӵ֪ˡ
ǱѶˣϼʵ
һٶˡϪش
һٶ꣬Ҳֻж̶̼ʮꡣ

104

Խڲ鼮ʱһ޵Ϣ
ޣݻ֮ޡ
ʲô˼
ԽϸϸĦ仰ͨ˵һݻ١һʱҲ⣬ڡʣִӺ˵
ĪָŮ洵͵ˮͽˣ
Խ̧ͷ֦ӲĴ˽סһյͣԽȻӴⷭȥտԽΪʲô£æ˦һͬ˳ȥ
ֻԽֳվǰ
ʲԽʲô£ֻԽһӻϣˣǿ鿴˱ëˡ
ԭԵҶ뻨ڲԽµһ˲ʧȥ˹ԣһɫĿ
û֪׵Խ־ʱʱҲϵѱӣҺõʱûӻҪȻ˶ûˡ
ŵͬʱԽٴλڿһޡ
ǻû
ֻ֮䣬ӱ֮Ѹӣһÿٴλָ
һһڲԽ¿ЦݣЦ滺˲٣ܾˡ
ԽŰ뷨ա
ǳʼ֮һŮ֮Ȼɹ֮ƣԽƳһӣѰ֪ϼѸٴ֮ٻһ޷ѡ
ֻǽȥʱ䲻̫ãʱԽãѿĿԽǲԽ޸ѡ
ܱ֤ȥ֮ѸҵǶˣɣ֮пռ޴ͬ롣
Խа˵ɻǵ֪ܸںδ
յͷʾǵãʱôһֻܸ֪Խ
ͬģԽ˵Ҳֻܸ֪֪Ҫ֮׼֪ƿȥҷ°빦
նʱ֪ݣͬģ
ǴӺζģЩĽ
Խ˿գеѧ˼һЦɲôɾ˵ģԽ͵㲻Ϳ֪ҵĻ𣿡
յͷҲһֱɻ֮һ
֪ɹ֮Ҫ磬ô£Ȼǻˣԣ˺һƬǻȻ½硣ԽޣĦӵıˣ֪ϵĻǻûɢš
վ֪ͻȻˣֲ֪ɹ֮󻹻ţԭǲԽһƬ顣
ֲòԽһֱڲ鼮ԭͲ֪š
֪ǻţϼȻҲš
ЩϲȴҲЩ꣬ټ˵ЩʲôǺã

105

ⳡУΨһȷؾƿ֮˺ٶȣһٶȳ֮죬ôһѣΪԷһԽվȥռһʯϴ֪ʯпѵ޵ʯʤϴ
ԽȥƺİϤ·Խ˵֪һʱŽֱߵСŲţԲȴҲ볢ԣʱȴֻһնű˼ϵŲš
Խ΢̾Ϣˡ
ƺħ;֮ʥħСֻȺͨѺ档
һӵСﳶ˳Խӡ
ԽͷЦС
С˵ɷؾǲԽ˰ɣ
ԽͷƺñӸߣԽΪɣȴûйְ˲֪γƺָյĽУԵò𾴣Ҳʡ
СŲԽһһ˵һƺħ˾֪ˣ㡣
Խͣ˽ŲСŤͷԽָָԶ˵һͬ顣
Сߵߣ˳յ½ǣûзӦС﻽գûзӦͷԽԽָָϵӣСˡ
С￴ֶ̽Ỵ̂ȴҲһҲſժӣյ߸һСϣСһһ·ϲ䵽Ļңֽӵݸգ˵㡣
͵˼ҵӡô˵ȴҲǺСӣ̵·ϲ˲ҧһڡ
Сﲻںذڰ˵͵ģƺζժһ͵˼Ҳƽϡ
ڱӹĴ˾ԽѾһƺľɫȴǵһϡúܡ
̤Ͼˮ棬տˮԼһֻô˺ӣһҲûëԽŵˮ棬ģٿӹµӰһСã˱ˮر֮
뽨һӣħվͬԽ֣˵þò
ŮƤ໹ͦá
ԽҲصþò򵥽һգԽֱӵ˴ƺԭҪһűʯ
ħӦˣϾ֮ǰԽ֪æħǰЩӵһӣ岻ʴ÷ûгҪӣ
Խá
ݾźӣԽ򵥺һѻĺӴԽǰħǰҲȥ˵뾵ĺӡ
¶𾪣˿ֿ˿ħʵĺӣ
ħͷش𣺡ǰǲǸǺ롣
ռѵͷʵ벻ͨʲôŮӡ
ĺѾۣԲµµؿŲԽӤѽѽԽʳָںģסԽָԽ룬֪ûбѴߣҲӦһӡ
Ѿ˹֪¡˵˵ʵڣܾ壬ΪֻΪ˱ʯӹ֮ˣȴñʯŮñʯһȥ죬ڰ
ԽԼָӤأӤüƺ̫Խָ
Խޡšһ

106

ȡɫʯ֮뿪ƺһ뿪ƺੲŲԽŮҪӣ
ԽɫʯǬ֮Ż˵ħӡ
ʱһүǶôұ
Խͷ
֮治С
վ룬ƺȥɽʡʱģȪûˣеֻһǰϰӰ³ֵµġȪáκζ˽ɽҲѰٲȪںδ
Ȫö˵βҲûټ
һλϲλѰˣҲʵѰˡ
ֱ̹شȪãסȪá
ϲһӣ˵ȪˣʮǰӺȪ뿪ɽҿȵۣĴַ˵ûһ˵
Ȫ뿪ɽڼӴȨһԽվȥ
ִʱѾϣһٶδԽżҵҮҮĿջֻڿջ˶ȻҮҮˡ
Խߵջš
ô˻пͶޡ˴
ȥšһλŮӵ
һλƸոڵӴ˲Խǰţѯʵλס𣿡
Խ΢΢˫ϸò֮ƽֵмơ
ûȲԽشסֻ꣬ͷŮЦҵ˭ԭδĹˡ
Խ΢΢ͷƹǰӣǰŮӣòˣȷǰû
һӵĹѱ㽫
Ůӻһβ˵̩ûˣȥһɡ
̩˺ȥˮ
ԽŮǰ£Խ𡣡
Ůæס˵һƠɲǰˣȥˡ
ָǰ̩
ƽֵתԽʵ
Ơﴽ΢΢һЦ˵˭ԸһҹȻͬһ𡣡
֮ǰĿջŮ˹ջת֮Ơ̩ѿջ˿ջϰ塣
һٶ꣬Ǿ䡣ƠָմˮĨĨǷ޶ҪռʷǣһҲ죬һĸ棬
Խû˵⣬Ҫġ
Ơ˿գ˵Ҽǵ㣬úܣ칬ķӣ˵Ҳڲһûˡ
죬ȻǶƠ˵ʽ
ӻӣת˵

107

ƠָʵľãʵԴ˴ǰԭʲôĿڲԽ´ҲΪ˼ɡ
ղ˽⣬ԽƠ˽ģ֪ٳΪ֪ȥԽͷ棬Դ˴ǰĿġ
ԽҲܻ䣬̹˵馣ɫʯ
ƠߺЦˣֹңҪͷѪƠòԽԵһ±¥ȥˣʱһľϻӡ
Ơϻӣǻɫʯϻӹ˵ǰͷѪֻȡһţʣµҶ𱣴棬Ҫⶫҩ
Ơָϻϣϻ˸ԽԽȥãƠָȴ뿪Խɻ
ƠﴽһЦ˵ʲôֻ֪ñʯʲô
˵ϴΪ˲죬Ҳδ˵Ҳûѣ֪Խûɫʯ
졣ԽԼࡣ
ƠˣҪѾ֪ƠջԼ֣ǲԾ֪ǿ׼ˡ
ԽľϻӴȡʯǬպá
סһɣߡƠԼ磬ҹ˼衣
ˣл⣬´Խܾ
ƠҲòԽûɫͷż֪Ҳûж
Խջ֮ǰƠ˵Խ´δ֪һ
á
Խǹ˹Ơ˵Ļ˻ϲ
Խ߳ջ̩Ơ졣
λǺ
ҵѡ
ôҲ˵
ֻʣƠЦ
ִʲԽǹֻһͨŮӣ֪£
Խ͵ǵӣ̨Ͷ˼䣬ղ£ֻѰ˼ҹϱ֡
պһ˵קĶģӶǰ㡣
ֻ춾ЩվǺõġԽʵ˵ߣϼҲˡ
ճţû˵ҲòͬԽĻϼӵһɳϳ۳ңº㣬뺣ץϺû
ôţղɵЦ
ҹȥɽִɽʱѾǰס
ȥĶҺɫʯʵ
Ĺء
ˣɶ¶ûɹػǵһΣе˼
˽ķĹ˳żҵĹңһжͬǰֻǷмƤϺһҡ
ɫʯģĹѨվǻеĹΪԷһ׼źɫʯıʯҲӦʬǸԽ²⣬ײ֮µĹײ
˺ƿԳ̴ײģԽƿײİ壬֮һʬǣԽڹײѰ٣ʬҲ±ˣԽ죬ٴκϡ
ҵ𣿡ʵ
ԽҡͷδڹײѰúɫʯ

108

Խ룬ĪǲǷĹǷĹԽ׼ȥĹңֻһ
ùƤģһûһ߾ͦ˼˵Ĺôͷ߹ײһģϧôĵض
߹ײһģ
յĻڲԽظţĿõϣν֮һȦԲ͹һ㼸еĹĶص㣬Խǹ͹Բ
Īǣ
ԽռùģƤĹġ
ɫˡ
ԽڹϵԲͻָĴͨϵԲͻ죬ԽָԲͻϿһ£ԲͻϸǵһƤʾʺɫ
Ȼ
Խɫʯ
Ĺ˲̬ͦضġ
Խɫʯպãǰе㷢Σ˲ԽĲʣ
Ϣһٸ·ԲյԴԽһͬʼҹڴѵķʱͼٿԽƲڲϣһѰҷʱҲûûҹ
Խܾ֪ڵҡ
Խ˰ڵϣҲ֪ǱɣͲۣ
ԽЭϢһʱ䡣
ϴӦźúúãһ֮ҽ㣬һ֮Ҫǽүү
һֱĸǿѹӼٵϢʹĹұĵשϲԽҲܿ˯ˡ
ջţ˾ɻ£أڻ˼Ĺ˯˸ɵ´ǻ£
Խ˯ˣԼԼƺ˺ԶԶ·ΧӨɫ⣬˵
𣿡
еΣհɡ
֪Խķ򣬽ؿ֪ϼһʲôԽٿȴҲ޷ɤӴ󺰵֪
ûȵսѣԽԼתѣһԽ˵պһ㣡
ȶ˳ĹѨ̫Ѿͷˡ
Խգ˵պһ
Ҳдһ
㿴ʲôأϼ֪˵˵ͻȻ̧ͷǰƺǰʲô
֪ԼĶ䣬ȷҺԽҡ
ϼ֪ļ˵ⶼ˼ɼˡ
Խն˼ϣɳ
ɳǿһһڷһȺֻ򹷶ǵˣǷһС꣬ԶԶƼ˲Խգڷβ֪ͬǲǱˣǣŹǰʵ˰ɣɳʲô
ǹС˲ҺֻҶպͲԽ
档Խ˵
֪صͷ˵һҪһɳһֻ棬Ѿһٶˣ
ֺǺЦ˵Ҷ˵ǼֻϧϹģ
˵׹䣬һű۾ôҲ˻
նǶС˵ʲôһǧأˮΣȤˡ
ʲôգԻһǧꣿ
ǿɲտŵغš
Խʱϣ˵Ƿȴȥǵİ𣿡
û⣡ǸҿģЦ

109

ԽһȤٵӣ·;ˣҲ߶һ·϶մ
ǧ˶಻࣬ʲôӣ
˵֪´ץһֻ͸㡣
۾׷
һһͷ͸С⡣
ֻ汻һ˵ɹŰΪ˴ţ˼òԽսȥ档
ſľʼϣϲڿϲ
棬Խߵǰ۾Խ𣿡
ԣСıҧˡ
ԽḲ۾ϣ̧۸ʹ˸ɫȥ
˵˵ǺǧǸʲôģ
հȥԽɢɫĹ⣬۾ϵһ飬һŰɫʯպãԽ߳ɹŰ
պڵϣڵϸ˵ĴģŲԽˣʵ磿
Խͷʾ³ˡ
ĿǰֻռĿűʯֻʣһɫʯԽ˼뿪ɽȥȪõԣ˫߲˶þͻβҪˮôϷˮ֮ҪĵطҲ٣һһѰҲʱԽüͷ
Խ磡
ԽڽУ̧ۿȥǌ⡣
Խʌ⡣
͵ⷽЩ죬ͺӸôҲ
Խ˵æһЩ¡
ͷҲʣȻʲôԽ˵磬ǰЩӸ˵ǽЩһλֿˣȥͷϢȥÿСϪţ˵ۣҪҪȥһ£
ԽãѾµ˭ˣոϻرǡ
СϪһȹڳס˽ţƼԽվ
磬þòˡɽϰŮ˵Լͷ
ȪóԽԽˣƤչԵò԰ף۵һĨָ࣬ɫĳָס
þòˣΪ£Խʵɣ̫ܡ
ǰԽ뿪ɽȪ֮ǰڵĺȪһ˯Ǽʮ꣬ĳһȪ쳳ԭļ֪Ϊ˲ˣǲԽһˣѰԽ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôܾôҪԼȹڣ¶ɫһ˫ȣϸȷ࣬ϵɫָۣ֣׶󣬳һƬ۵ݸԽɽʲôҲûߣʹɡһɡȪϵһƬۣҾҲҪ
Խӹۣһл
΢΢һЦԲԽ˵磬һҪȥҴ㡣
һ
׼ɽ·ҲЩ˽ţԽǣǰ˵ӺȪǶȪãҲȪáЦЦҲֻѾͷҰѾͷƺҴûԼ֣Ҽǵõģҽз֡
Խͷ˵Ҽסˣ֡

110

Խűʯһʯ֮һ̨ͬ⿪ʼ޿䶣ԽСģû˽û˸硣
ӡʩԼĶ䣬˵ˡ
⻹ֲ磬϶ں
ӡʩɨһی⣬۵÷򣬡ӡʩûּһ䣬ͬĸĵܵܡ
ðɣûϵһЩ
ԽČͷ˵ȥ֪֪
ҲͲˡ
ڵбʣǰֻ̨պͲԽ̨վһˣֶ̧ͷעʡ
ǰӵļ˵羰أȻؼȥ´
ƳƳշԼϵٰ֣ĿϣȻϳգ˵ֻԼ£ùҡ
̬ȣҲٶ˵ʲô
֮ҪɲԽվ̨ӣԷҪ⡣
ʲôӣ˴յֻʣһƬʣ֪кκÿ
ϼӻش
һϼ֣Ŀһ飬˳ӵĿ⿴ȥߵĵȷȷмĨϼƲʡ
أʲôա
Ұտ߼ʵϼƲʣϼ
ӵȲյĻشҲͲٿ
Խڿտ죬۸֪ĴڣռܴҪʱĸ֪ݸ֪ԼλãػŲҲ˲ʱ䣬ոɴڵϣһִϥϵԵϼɢҲû뿪
Խǳϸϸһ㺹۾üͷٿƺǸ֪ʲôȻ۾
λˡ
֪ͻȻվϼӲô̸úúõ֪ͻȻվʵôˣ
ԽҸ֪˲Խ֪˵Щġ
ϼҲվ˵ˡ
֪סϼ˵ˡ
֪ϸϸ֪һ˵

һվĿתŲԽ
Խóþݺݻһϡ
ιüŲԽ
նӵδţĿ˲Խӱ֮һը죬Խӱ֮һɫѿڡ
Խգ
ڿնϣŲԽһͬѡ
֪ǰĿгһϸѺۣůɫѺսһ˱֮⣬ǡԽ

111

Ӹо˺ܶ࣬δ첻٣˺ܶ࣬۵һƬ࣬°ϳϸϸĺ磬еĲԽоܶࡣ
֪
ǵԽһ֣˯糿Խ𴲣֪žǰ졣
Խٶֽ֪§סУ֪ڶ˵һҵˡ
һ̫ิӵĸ飬֪һ˲𱸣һ˻˼ᣬɵֻʣҵ֪ϲ
ҲˣձȲԽ΢һͿϼһĽԽ֪
ϼоһ§סϼû뵽Ҳˣʵ
ϼ˵㻹ʲôԭƵط
ϼûϵջԼеЦûЦ΢΢һȡ
ߣԽԾ˵ٶѿ
˫̴Խ֪§ˣٴνȥ
Խʯӽ֮Уۿɼٶϣ֪˲ϣʱҲϣֻϼȥоԽжһóޡ
Ҫʲô
Ѳʯ֮Ѹϣϲÿʼٴѿٴѿ֮ʲԽһޣ֮ǰµһλغϡ
ѾȻʼٴϣֻǲûȫ޸һϸĶ
˶ȻĿǰὫȥսպһһģһ
Ǻã֪Խ֮Խüͷ
㿴ԽָָԲ
֪˳ſȥӨɫ㣬ǳŶӿ
ǡ
ڶӨɫֻڶλñ㲻ǰˣΧŶڱԵһһɫԽԽ࣬ѶҲԽԽС
֪ˣԽˣллǡ
ǡɫ˵Ļ
ǴŰūŲԽĸΪūһϯ֮أԸм֪Ϫ֪˵СֻұóҲҲûתˣڿϼӵļ֮ҾЩձ֪Ҿͳˡ
ѱԭԽСֻһָĴϸ
֪ϪϵĹ΢ûе뿪֪ļյķɹȥյĶǣȻյĴ
ֻͷһԺͻȻ˼ĲԼļ䣬ʶ§ϼ
ģģ֮ϼ½֮ĺڽʯ֮ϣڵ˭Цڵհ
ָɽ½ţÿǰ
ôǰȥ
ϼҲֻЦ˵Ҫӡ
ʲôƺϲһЦԴ
Ȼ
¯ԣϼһ˫ֱ̺켷ѪѪ˺ѷο޺գҾȲ㣡
ϼҪʧȥյʱһҲЦ

112

ôˣϼ̧ͷգŴŵ亹Ķǻ䣬գ
ϼһŽջѹЩҿϼסϼӵ֣ϸϸ꣬ϣָϼĦ˿ȴҲ˱˼롣
ϼĬĬջԼ֣ʵ㿴ʲôأеû²עѵ
ջߣ§ϼȴһҲûɣĿ𽥺£Ϊһ϶ѡ
ȻΪʲôԺϼļ䣬͵ǽѵĺ֢
Ұϼȥļȫˡ
֪Ϫ˿ˡ
֪֪ллסǡ
֪ԺȻֳϪʱ龳վڳ⣬̧ͷվڳǽϵ֪ʵסȥ𣿡
֪ʲô
Ϫվ̫˺ܾãճ֪һЦ²ţʲôΨһóֵľ˵ˡ
ҪˡϪٴڶ𡣡˵
֪ż򴦵Ĺ˸ʧϪ˵ߣʧ֮ڣϪ
ȫˣҲûзȫȫһˡ
Խеֱˮ£ԣ֪ۿᣬԽ֪ص棬ʵôˣ
֪պϼ˵ȥٸ˵
ֱڵԽڷϸϸ֪ץһҲԸţÿζε㣬һȴߡ
£ҲһΣѺһˡ
ҲǲԽôûô˯ԭ
βˡ֪ۿԽʵЩôôݵôûкúóԣǲûкú˯
Խûлش֪֪Щһòãһ뵽Щ֪絶Ȫӿ
㲻ߵӣұ˶ܡԽ֪§뻳ܵ˵¶ȣⲻΡ
֪ʼڣһʼֻòԽžͺãֻûϵĻŻˡ
Խͷ֪Ķͷϣ˵ˡ
Ľ𣿡ʿŲԽ֪Ŀתϼ˵ҪĽҲΪѿԸһӵ
Ϊѣ
ϼ̧ۿͻȻղԽѾ˵֣Ȼ˳תˡ
Ȼоһϼ΢΢תͷӱס
ǻˡ
ϼյͳڶ
ţˡ

113

֪֪㣡
ӡʩ̨֮һξֱ˵Ų²ǳɹ˱ǰ̨ԶԶͿ֪ļĹٷȹһ·֪֪ס
֪ԽͶȥȵĿ⣬˭ôн㣿
⡣Խ˵
Ůʮ˱䣬δѰһΪⷢѵСģ
ԭǌⰡôˡ֪һԴ
֪ĵ¶ȣûɡۡؿ޳źŵӦùӦȥ֪ġ
֪̿ģǳˣ黹ǺСʱûʲô仯
˵û˵˸Ͻ߿ӡʩɷŌ˵
ӡʩףһﱻӡʩôһͿ޿޵ε߿ˣƫƫһѱһӡʩִҼҽ㻰һôˣٵһҾֻ˵һˡ
ס֪˵֪֪㣬Խҵļһֱкúְûи㶪
˵˵ֿˡ
ӡʩ޿ҲûʲôҪ˵ıߵ֪ǰ
硣֪
ӡʩıЩӣ˵ûб㡣
֪Цˣ˵Ǵûбҵ񣬲𡣡
ô˵ӡʩĵװԼϾҪ´֪ΣҲˣˣ
ȻطȥФ֦ЩҲһֱ㡣ӡʩ˵
֪ӦˣФ֦Ϊȥ
֪ԽͷǱһˣϼղǣȥΣ˱Ȼرǡ
ϼ
һ˻һϼ䡣
նʱ֮ǰһһֱ̨ţĬĬôõطϷ
ҹաϼû뵽
һϼСԺϼļ俪ʼڡҹգޣǸ̫Ͼŵ׶
ա㶾Ŀ£ҹտϼ˵ӭ԰ոϼһӵ
˵ʱʱ죬ռм䣬ҹսձ˸ؿգƺë
ҲСëɶ¶Ҳûֳɡ
ϼԴǰ۵׵Ĳӿҹģ毺ãȻǸϪһͣϪˣĪֿҹա
ǰɣ
ȻϼѾһֻϲ˵ĺӡ
ϼǰüƿգձһģ׺ݺݿϼûпҹ˵ҹգôأ
㡣ҹ˵
ջȻԭ֮ǰ˵ϼǿƮǸϼǿϱĵϼ˫ϸϸҹգӻͦ飬廳أ
Ŀȣҹղ֪ʲôܣϼѾǳˡ
ϼЦ˵˵һûϴͷҲûɶÿġ
ٴμм䣬˵ûûɶÿġ
ϼŰҹڵʵʵգֱȥҹ˵ʵ̫ɣϴǰɡ
ճҹüû㣡
ȻϼѾô˵ҹҲ˵ʲôˣֻź´ɡ
ץϼֱߣĵŲɵĻᡣ
ϼգ̫ˡ

114

ٹʲô
֪ر˯һȷҲôˣڰݷФ֦˺صǻڵ˯
˵Ѿ˯˰꣬Լ˯վǲһ˯ʱ䣬ʱ֦ͷʲôʱˣڵķ¹⣬һĶǱǲԽ۾
û˯˯ˣ֪Խ߼˼òԽ§Լ
ԽϤصؽ֪§Լ˵û˯˯
ǰһлɴһա
֪һĲԽĺ󱳣ڰ˵ɣҸ﷢ʲô
֪﷢鶼ڲԽ
ﻹŮ֪˵ʵһֱеǸͬʱҲǰģȻҲὫ޸㡣
ԽҲòϣδĸ׸ޣҲȲ֪
Խʵξн֪׵ľ
֪ʵвûмôһС
ƺʲô֪˵˵ղԣֺ֪ǺЦˣ᲻Ķӡ
Ϊ𣿡ԽЦʵ
ûС֪Ц
˲١
˾߶߶֮佥˯ˣǰԽĵһȾ
ա
ͣŽաϼ֪ԽԺ߶ţƺ뵽ʲôһЦ
ԴϼЦݡ
ϼЦݡ
δһ⵽֪ƼԺպϼЦô
ϼָָ֪ͲԽķŵ˯ء
δһ죬˵Ӵʱ˻˯أȥһС
δߵ췿ţñߺ֪֪Խⶼ緹˻˯أѣҸ
ԽͷӦһ
֪Ժʵղ˵𣿡
Խʵˣ֪˯ڴδ˱˵δˡ
֪һߴŹǷһʵʲôʱˣ
緹ˡԽ˵
֪˲٣˵ôˣҲ̫˯ˡ
ϴƿţԺĿ׷Ͷ֪ͲԽĿ֪Щݣǻ糯ǵ
δ֪ʵͦ
ڣ֪ɣĵͦģǵͷ
δĳ˵ҪҴ㲹ӣϻ߶һûԶˣҪúòδӣ¶ɫ⡣
Ż֪ͻȻһθָδʵǲǻˣе
𣿡δսϸϸ⣬ѽеˣô˵Ҳҵȥ
δȥ̯
ϼͻȻһЦ˵㣬ղһһΪˣ
֪ЦϼһƻĻ١
Խ߶һ䣬Ҳкӡ

115

ϼѧҽһ͵øԼҵȻԺ󶼶ڱǣܵҵ¶ܲܵһֺг˰ɡ
νѧżô֪ʶѧ
ҽѧϰݾǣиϼһҽ飬ַһҳ
ϼѧϰǷҽ飬鵽ѧϰȫѭ򽥽յ棬ҡͷ
иһ㣬Ż¡
ͻȻһθ
ϼʶ̧ͷǰ֪
֪ǰԽը˵ϹȻ̫ܳĶ
ϼʱϺԼѧϰ
иϵڶ㣬ƣ롣
֪һĹǷԽ˵ط˯
Խεհ˯ˣѾ˯ܾˡ
֪ҲԼ˯˺ܾãȴôҲ˯Ϻ춼Ժ˯š
ϼֿ֪˿Լҽ飬аˡ
и㣬Ƶ
Ҫȥϸ֪
Խǿ֪˵Ѿȥˡ
֪ԼСϲ
ԽЩȻҲԷ֪ĲԾס֪˵ȥ򣿡
֪Ǵѳĺ֢Ϊ˼ܸκá
ϼ˵ΪδҲȥһһȽϺá
ΪòԽİ֪Ӧˡ
ϼոڶϼ˵һ֪ˡ
˵Ϊδáɡʶ𣿡
ⲻǻûɴ
ϼĻɣİȻǿ׶ˡ
֪֪ϲҪˡԼɽЦ
֪Խһۣ֪Լ˵ٸҰѰѣǲŪˣ
ڰƶ˵Ұʮ꣬ûгûɣˣϲλ
֪һҽݵõͬĴ𰸡
ôѰ˼ŻǻǺܸأϼ˵һ·֪Խ״̬Ǻܶԡ
֪˵˵ѻҶֻԽ˯𣿡
ԽҲǲ£ҪԴѻ֪һֱģԽҲڡ
˯͵˯ϼԲ۾ǺĶģ
Ǵѳĺ֢ΪϼûУ
ɣϼ˵
ûкӵӹſǷ֪ˡԽǣס֪֣һΡ
ӿ϶Ϊȷȷʵʵһָ֪Ķ˵
Ȼ˻۽֪Ķӡ
ֻǣ⺢ӵ֪Ӧôаˡ˵
һꣿ
֪ҵʱ䡣

116

֪ʶԼĶӣһꣿδҲ̫˷˼ˣ߸ĸ׶Ҳ࣬һҲ̫ˡ
ЦţͻȻ˵ûû۾ûĴͻЦˣѾʶˡ
Խҽһںĸ׶һꡣ
ҽʾĳЩĸΪѵѾʶĺӻԼһ֤Լĸ׵İȫ
ʱ֪ξʵ緢ʲôȫ֪״̬ôûҲزۣõѡĸڡ
ҽʲԽ֪ˣ
Խͷ
ҽˡ
ص˼ԽŶ֪
֪ԼĶӣ佱һĺӡ
ҽݴ˾˵֪ˣǶ֪֪кˣҼһͲƷ
죬ţҽմӳĻ㣬
δǰЩӴ˵ǳģүǴˣҸģʣϸɱ
Ҳܾ⣬Ҳô߲ˣҽժĲˣأ
ˮˮҲöԵ㡣
Ҿʹ˼ĸµļ

պϼò֣̫̾ˡ
硣
ӣ˵綼ˣ֪ˣФ֦ӡʩ˵죬ϽϱѩǸ֪͹ȥ
ӡʩˡ
Ф֦ԼҶӲģ˵٣ô£Լû㲻ȥ
ӡʩڰФ֦˵ȱæˣͶ˴֪ſѾŵǳſˣȥҲֻŶӵķݡ
֪Ѿ½翴ˣФ֦ʵ
ӡʩָļķ˵ȥˣҪôĶӾֻˡ
ӡʩȹӷ߽˲ȹӸˤ
ӡʩַһѣ˵ˤ㡣
Ҹո˵öɼҶҪȥǶӵŵ°ҪȥŰɡӡʩǰ˵
÷Ŷ񣬲̫񻰡
ҷ𣿡ӡʩʌ⡣
ʳ仰ʱӦûûз衣һЦ
Ф֦˴Ō⣬ĵĵƤҲͦʵҹﱻӡʩôһͿ޿Ҳˡ
Ф֦תݰóӡʩǰ˵ͬһȥɣǰͷΪס˼ˮ¥̨Ϊֳ͵ɼҺ˵ȥˣ˵粻ѵܵ÷ϡ
ӡʩӶ䣬ü˵鷳ȴҲߡ
Ф֦˵˺ȹ׷ӡʩԣߴߴҲ֪˵Щʲôӡʩüͷ˵˾ʲôӦǡó˿⣬˵š
Ф֦Լϥǣò̾Ƕˡ

117

˵𣿡
ʲô
ļкˡ
⣿δĺӣ
ǰļ񣬲֪ˡ
ļٵģ˭˵ġ
ͷŶӶҪųˣŶʲô˵Ŷ񣬾˵֪˻ˣ˵ɼҲŶأ
Ҳһݡ
Ϊɶʶ֪˻ǲԽˣ
ʶ֪˲Ȳ㶪Խ˸ĸ磬ƵǰǸС΢ĵһ츣˼µļҾӦЩʲôлǣȻౡ֮
Ҿ˵еһȥͰɡ
ϣ
Ĳûм٣ࣿһûЪͣ˵ͬʱһ
Ҽˡϼ˻Լͣ¼ļʲô֡
ɡ֪Ҫӹϼеıʡ
ϼܾˣ˵ҽ˵ˣи̫۾۾á
ǲԽϼĹ
֪Խһָż¼һ˵ʵʶˣ
֪չȥһİ֣ʶ
Цͷˣϲʶ
Ӹ磡һϲֵԼݸ˵͸ġ
ҵһšӡʩФ֦׼õĶջһȻߵ֪ǰ
ĸ㣬жĻ岻ʣ͵ѩһЩӡʩ˵
̫ʱˡ֪ЦĳԲ·ԽŻŪҳԡ
ӡʩͷƳһڼ¼ƷĲԽƺ⡣
磬Ļж٣֪ʵ
ûûҹ̫ˣ֪ҲûǰԼƷôá
ſɳĶˣǰ˵ⶼˡ
֪ù¼鿴ǵˣЩŶӵĶģ
֮ǰ˵ˣ֮ķҲŶӣвɼҲŶӣ磬ɼĵһЦӡʩļЩĪNɪ
ӡʩһ׳գьצӴԼ
ȥûûˣǵһվˣزʶı֮ȷʵ˵ȥɽ˷һ˹ϵһЩҲ̫Ϥ֪ǳŽգʾȰˡ
ſˡ

118

һȥ֪ĺí˾ʩչ֪֪к¶ѾִԲ
ϼȻջط֪ϵ֣𾪵ˣ
֪ͷ˵ܶˣֵ˯ţԽ˵͹ˡ
ϼЦָ֪˵ǵÿ㣬ɣСҲ㡣
֪ΣμԼڴϣſ˵ףҪ
֪Ȼۣһʹ
ôˣԽЩ˯ǳһ紵ݶѣ֪Ŷһ¾ˡ
ۣ֪˵Խ
Խ񣬵һɷ򣬵һεףԽǰľİҲϤģֻüæδ˹
δΧ֪ǿ֪ȹںһʪ֪ˮˣòԽϽȥŴ
˭Ҳû뵽ֵͻȻĺӣҲͻȻȷϻ̥¾ȲҪˡ
һҹæµҼţҼһ֪ҵĶſڵƵȴŽԸ˳ĸӽ
ô׼֪ﻵˡ˵ʱϼںԺʯԣϼûнӻտЩǵָָⷺס
ϼ͵еš
δն˽ȥһˮ͵һѪˮ֪ԴʹĿڽ
һʹĹ̡
ͺˡ׼򣿡΢΢ϼͷϵһ¡
ϼסţһʹ
˵ϼţ˴һ˱ϼΪš
Խ磬¡ԽӣԽʱɫ԰ףҲûһѪɫĿתǿϺϵš
֪֮Խӣٿֱδϡ
ɱ𴵷ˡ
֪Ȼ⻭Щ죬һɳʱǳΣһģһ֪˼ܳϷЦһ¡
δæһϣƼ֪ЦֹЦϣ
֪Ŷһ΢Ц⡣
֪ܿЦˣǸܲʹʵ֮ʹʱʱ̿ײǽʣоԼС׹ʹӸɢ⾹Ǳɹǻʹࡣ
δ۵ë֪ʹĺˮˮܿͺˡ
ܿ췺ǰײ
ξЩģξĺӱ۾ʵеĺԲµµĴ۳֪ЦЦϲĺܡ
δòԽԽ֪ɺۿ˵ƽͺá
֪ŲԽѹο۵ġ
ɤӶˣԽȻ仰
ӸĸûôԼغδѺмͣЦٿӰɡ
ԽᴥһºӵЦ
δҲϲʵȡʲô֡
֪ԽһۣĬ˵Ծ
Ľ

119

Ŵ֪г˵ĸƽڵ˲ŽƶϨ˻ݡ
ⶺ˶ӱҪˣδʌһҪȥĶ
˵ϷӡʩǱϲȥ
֪һӵϢ֪ͬһܿɢˣǰȼ֮Ľǳһأֻʱյ
֪һɾҪţû¾ѾῪ˵·
ΪʲôҪسţ֪Сͷʵ
￴𣿡֪ԴϣǴǰ֪Ҷʱ͵ģڻûгꡣ
˼ͷ˵֪ףҪȺڵһһߡ
֪ûסЦҲ̺ĸЦ
֪˵߿ؼȥˣ˴ӵǡ
Ӵӣ
֪ת֮ʲԽѾȻش֪ﱧӣճһֻǣ֪֣˵ǻؼҡ
ڲԽϲ˲䣬Цдӵζоúóԡ
ȥʱһԽ˵ü۶ᡣ
ѽ
һ׷֪ϲСһڴϰŪʱ͸ССʱŲ֪˭ĺ⣬󱴿һƺûĲУ˳֪һǣҪ֪Ҳһ
һ£ûӦֳһ£ûӦ
ף
˱죬Ҳˣ֪Ŵˡ
֪Ŀתѣʵʲô
Ŷ̸첲Ҫֽ֪֪
ΪֽвףײҪһֱΡ
֪Ѿˣޡ
Խϴľ֪Цźڻš
̫Ž⣬֪;ϣ֪ƼԽˣЦԽģԽʧſվ˺һشߡ
СŨ֪ſſһ˯ˣ֪ŰѾڴϡ
һΪǵó֮ǰ£ԭǼǵõġ֪˵
ԽͷĿת֪
˯ˣΪ˯ǰвѣ֪ûסֵЦ
ƺЦţߺۣԽһԽĲ˲䣬˯ˡ
֪ضЦǿŲԽ
Խ֪һǣĿҼᶨ
Ұǡ

120

ϼƺҪѧҽܰԹбð꣬бϼ
ղ˵Ѿ͸¶˶ȫûȵϢ
ϼ˼ȥʲô˰εóĽǰҽݣûС
ӣȥשǮ̰ɡϼյ½ǡ
ͷգڳשϼӦ뺦ң˵ҰשõǮΪʲôҪ̣
Լˮ
ϼţ˵Ҳ޵ʱҪһ浱ҽݡ
׬ǮŮҲǲԣҪ˵ԭ򣬴־˻Ϊһˡ
ҪҸҲǲԡղ岻˵ôһ仰
ϼԼĳ˼û壬ʵʲô
Щǲ˼˵ڶˣҧݺݵϼ
ϼĵһ仰ûҲ̫ˡ
ϼȥѯ֪֪֮ǳ԰׷ˣ֪ЩĿ⿴ԽѰ
Խѧڸץ٣̧˵¸һҹɳɣһҹҲ췽ҹ̷ôӻһһӡɻʲô
ϼץͷ룬ԺͨЩҲ׬Ǯ˵ѧЩҽ
ǱȥҽݿʲôץҩҲãҩҲգѧԽ˵
ЩͷƤۡ˵
ԽԼĶᷢ治Ǽ£ο֪żͷ˵Ǹҽˣȥ
ϼȻȥҽݿ
Խ˷٣ܵϼǰ˵СǮȾ󣬾ǮܶǮС̳ס
ϼٸߵͲͬЦʵʲôţ
Ƕ˵СûǮԲһֱûгסڴĻʵϼ
ϼһ˲ȻһҶ֪ûǮûԭѽһԵˡ
ϼС˵С̲Ų塣
Ϊʲôѽ
ΪǺУпɲܳסϼվվ׿λòһķ٣˵´С̸ͷ
Լķ٣Ц˵СͷܺãҸϲġ
תܻ֪Խߣ֪һֻŲԽָ
ϼ룬һúӡ
ʱÿ˱վſڵգɫģһǷǮ˵ģ
㡭ˣϼʵ
պһ˵ŵ
ϼĵⱧۿǽĶǲŵָ׼ſվ˶ãʲôĲĶˡ

121

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ƺ鲻̫á
Ŀ˸ڵԺ
ĿǰϼסһԺԭϪסԺӡ
ϼڻϪˡ
ҹҲϼ˼ؿܣûס£ϼæס죬Ѿ߿ˡ
ˡ
ϼűӼȥ
ʲôٿϼǰ
ϼһˮ˳ϣճķˮӦڵϣֱĽǺһƬ
յۿɼڣŵһĺˮˡ
ϼʶرȴۼֿץסϼ㼱ʲô
ϼе
˼ϼ˵һŵ廳ˡ
˭֪˵յɫˡ
Сĵ𣿡ʵͷϼϵĺɫۼ
ϼͻȻǰô֡
ȥҽݡϼȥҪš
˵ˮȥһ˲ʱǺʹģǹ˻ʹм˲٣ϼûбҪȥҽݣָָϵһ˵ҽѾˣСˣܿͺˡ
˵ȥҽݡ
ϼЭðɣġ
ҽݴնһʱ˯ʱҽ˯˭ﲻǲҪˣ
ȥҿӹҽˣϼ˵ˣ
ϼգÿƢûн˾֮⡣
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ϼʾʵҲġ
ϼϣʵʲôо
̵ģеġϼ˵
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ϼҲס塣
֮´ֻøϼһСͣĨ滺ⲻʣڴĵƹ£һסϼ˵ַֹҶһһ͸࣬ϸϸϼ
ϼյʹ˫ӣĵǵһοºϤһ£ͻϸǾޱ
Ƴ
ϼŴҽ͸࣬Ʋʵգ֮ǰݶʲôأ
ղѿڶΪʲô˵ҡߣոȥˣֻ˵һûʲô
ŶϼͷЩʧ䡣
·ϼ¹⿴͸࣬մɹϷһĨ¹⣬ϼ˵ҽݵĴһʡ
ͣ½ŲϼͷֻռΪ˵̸㿪ҽݡ
ϼ©˰ģ͸ûսˤڵϣܿЦ͸Ǯҳģʲôҽݡ

122

ʲô֪֮Խǰʵ
֪֮Ѱ˼ԼҲǸ̴ְظȡ
֪ѿڶʦţĬĬ̻ȥ˵ȥɣûķһ
ʵв죿
֪һڶҵ˵ʱ֮У
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ĬĬ벶Ǿˣóʱ䶼һطһطǱǣǾͿ
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ԽڸͷԴһ۾Цпա
һվרתƷͻȡ棬͵Խ࣬õĳԽ࣬ҿýñꡣԽһͷһ˵
һ룬òʱͼͿ԰ҽݵǮ롣
ԽץٵַԽʣվǰʵ壬㿴ҵץٺÿ𣿡
յ˵ķ˵´κץһεķ١
죬Ŷ·ߣίܾˣʵգΪҪǮ
մţϳ˵˵СӲҪܡ
ǲȢС̵ƸǮյĻʵ
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ϼڶҽһմϼȥ˵ĴǶҽݵĴ򣬴򲻼ǰϼʱϼص
ǰˣֻһиһλǡٴ棬ʾϼԿʼˡ
ҽϼǵʲôʲôҩʱһ̸ֽվǳ⻹ϼһνϵĶõʵ
ظǰλŮӰϼ﷢顣
ǰһλŮǻлЦӯӯϼЦǸҶΪռұˡ
λŮЦš
һЦϼӷˣԥԥָָл԰ٴ˵λ𣿡
лЦŨˡ
ȷ𣿡ٴʵ
ϼôȷĵ˵ͷ
ûиһԵ˵
յ״̬վæ֮ʹҽݻǿٴ򿴲ǿϼҽ
ٴͬصͷϼ˵ϰ
ڴҶЦӯӯģΧɣǰѴˣϼҲûоúΪ飬ֻ΢΢һЦͷϰ

123

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ȥվֻ֪֪һңҲûͬϼ˵ĵ¸·ܲ𣬹̫ң·ɹġ
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Щ顣
ϼվתҩƷȥһСǰմСӣǲ֪ʲôˮɢ㡣
ϼǹõĻ¶
ϼ˳Ĩ˵ˮǰ˵򻨺ȶ֭ˮ̫ãȶа𪼡֮ЧܣҸͿͿ
ϼǰգմˮģ˵ɹˣǴٹõġ
ѪգնԣСɽһɢȣϼ˵ϢϣоŪԳ
̧۶ϼ鶯˫ʧ
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ʩʩȻſϼ˵һˣһް
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ոоϱ£ĵŮԽűˣ̧ۿϼĴǣƺ鲻ιҷŹ
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ϼ룬˵ǻͦɡûмʲôҪæ
ֻУѹûʲô¿ȻǼǶ˽ɷ֮½Ա˼䣬ɳɮɳӴţɮȥŮˡ
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մǵûУֻһٵʽȥ˼ѰŮֻǰһ£ʲô¶ǵá
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ɮװһƵ᲻ŮɫӣʵͰŮ̽˰ɡ
ո߸ȣα˵ҺͲԽһ֣ϵĹͲˣСҲǻɮһ˵Ҳֻһֻ۱һֻ۰ˡ

124

Ϫٽû˵ġ
˵ǰãҲҪ߲ǣƫƫϪǰˣϣԼȹꡣ
ڲ֪Ϫĵڶ꣬˵ЩܾûȻտڲԣﶼǵϪ򣬲ԼͬϪǰ̽һ
궬Щ䣬δ޻׹Ȼ̧֣ͷʵ˭Ĺţ
֪ž÷ףָһ˵ϪĹ
𣿡ʵС˯ԶѹҲеӰ죬⺦֪˯
̧֪ۿվԱߵͷ˵գһ
Ϫ˵ʲôأ
ִļߣǺֵܣĶԴ֪ǱʲôأҲֻԼ֪ԼҲ
ϪиǱ𣿡ʵƼ֪½ǡ
ʲô֪ûɵһ仰ˡ
ָϪĹʵ䣬ϪǱ𣿡
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ѽ֪ԺȻϷ̨Ϫ򱻹üٺһһ̵Ļ棬ʱ˺ܶ࣬Ц˵һ˵Ƣܺãʱɵģʱ˭飬ǻţὲ¸
ֻϧ
էпʼһƬһƬѩϼվ󣬾ֻ߾룬ȴңɼ
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ֱ߳Ϲ˲ʵƣʵѾ±һѩϼûɵռϵļƬѩ
ͼľԲ֪һټϼδҳҹΧԲӡ
ꌪⲻرǹꡣ
ꣿ֪ʵϻѧŰӡ
δЦ˵ˣ¶ĸúܣ˵һˡ
֪ͷȴҲ޷ӡʩФ֦Ե¶ĸĸϣҌǲʲôȻӡʩûô¶棬ҽڣֻæˡ
ʱҲѾӡʩĸˣһټόһôô죬ԼǶһˣǶһ˰ʱ޵ݣεӵߡ
תͷ˿ԼֱߵӡʩӡʩƳһۣ˾ʲôû⿴ǡɵӡ֣ԼԼ˲ٶ£˿ȫ˰ɣ
ӴԼԴţôˣҼﻹԲأҾ˰˵Ōվ
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಻á⻰˵һͱӡʩקλϣӲλϰѺİ仰ϣ˼
ֻӡʩԱһ䡪


125

ǸջϼͲóջ̣̫Ƥڶϼ֪Ա˰ӵӣ֪ڲԽԿԽĵһַôԽľ͸ÿ
ϼڴߣѽ˰ӵģֺòԽ֪ůɫĵƹ϶һɫıߣǰܰĻ棬Ȼá⣬ѩһԽԽ֮Уϼٿؾ뵽ѩվŵա
ûл
ౡϼһ硣
ķ紵ϼһ顣
δ˵ϼϴˡ
ϼӦһƳȥĴϰ̽⣬ѩڲϣϼ˼磬ԺĹǰǲҲѩ
յıӰϼȻ֪ʲôʱյıӰ
¼ţǹ¼ˡ
ǸʱϼĪձѹָɽµ꣬ʱҲ¼š
ϼȥĶ
ǰֻϼҲδϣǽǵɡȹڷܳ⣬ѩС
֪Ĵ΢ɼ˵ǻðؽӣһԲû硣
Ʋס˹⣬ʱĺɫԽŨϼɡĹأӱǼ룬°ɫ
ûߵߣĹ¼ţϼһֱڻԣԣһҪߵȥ
ա
ϼͣĹǰؿھԭ׵ҲΪͣЪıܶȾ˺Ρ
ĹǰտҲδһӰ
ϼƽ˺һıӿǻĹֻ֮紵֦죬һǰĹˮģ
ϼʹ룬һδʧˡ

ϼȻתվһԶľ룬һ˲ϼ۵׵ˮֱֱۿ䡣
Ƽϼü˵㣬
ҡϼ죬һʱ֮侹Ȼ֪λشԼٴλصĹصԭ򣬡ϪˣҴξճϦǻ
ˣ
ۿɼ֡
ٴιΪ˽ȥϼ߽գɡڶͷΪסͷϵķѩĵռϱһĻѩӵգǻؼҳҹ
ĵһںȴһִˮȫůУùϼɡԼţ˵
ؼҡ

126

Ϧꡣ
ѩ˺ҹͣƲɢ¹΢΢̽ͷɫѩɫ֮䣬һʱֲһɫ
̧ۿڴߵϼ۵˸ˮ·ЦſԴһһòеľ
˾ȥ˯ˡϼͬ˵
ȰԼȥ˯Ѿۣŷϼ۾ЦС̣Ҳ
ⶼأԴһһСƵ˶
ţҹһ㶼ģҪõ׳١
û˺ģα˯ˡ
Ȼһֱ庰꣡
ڳ̿
ԽߵǰһſڲԽſڼϣﻹ૵꣬ꡭ
ԽӦŰѾԼķԼꡣ
ԶԼ˯÷ֲ嶫
ֽ˸ɫ⣬ֽϣϼڴȷܾİϤƿһЩɫ˽ϼֽһֻ񣬵ֽĴȴַںһһ˻ĻεĸоϼԼԼµֽ˭ˡ
ֽϼûñ㻯һɫֽīϼδյӺ
㿪
ϼʶֽغãԼıǼ˵еƣ͸
ΪʲôĪ飿
պɵؿϼƹϼ뿪ĴϣռΪϼϼĿѾյζֻҪǰһͿԿţôţѾ˰ȫ롣
Ҳţҹ״˵
ϼԳһ
ջصԼ֮ǰڵĽ䣬ϼĽ䶶һֽĵϷ棬ŵƹհżݿһ顣
档
һμ棬ҲѳѾнһûм棬һֱڵ˵ױ֮ɡ
ϼӳɽһֱڵȴϼϺ̨ҶԣıϼƮϼҲ˼⾰ϼ֣ϵϼҲûǵϵϼҲգҶȲ
ȻϼұѰϼȥٹյȲ㣬ұѰȥ㾪ŵдһ㣬㲻ҪҲǡ
ҹա
һǷ秵飡

127

Ȼһǿҵ-Ÿ˺˲ҸϼҼһԣûô֮˻͵͵ϼѰ˼Ҫô¡
ϼ֪ЩС˼صԼŰųһͰûڣô⵵¶ˡ
ϼҪҹյ棬Իȥҹɣҽ˵ף׶ǡ
ա
ȥտϣһֵסſȻһ·ģ
ϼ͸ױգԹԵͷԷ⳶ѵҳȥߡ
ȥߣĿ⣬ȻţĴ󵨲²ţĪҪȥѰҹˣ
հҧÿ죬ϼ˵׼ȥ
ϼͣһ£ɻŤͷڵգӽַˣ˵ҳȥʲôʱҪͬˣ
ȷûϼȥҹռ棬ѵȥȥ֮ѾԻ̹¶밮⣬󱧵ü˹飿
ܵģԲܣ
ſⲽʾ֭Ҫֹǡ
ҪŲ𣿡ʵ֮һʺϳԶš
ϼ˼ϰ𣿡
ֱһﳤȥ
ϼѰ˼յķѵǡ
ǴһһֱŤϼţʱҰɡ
ױϼϷžƼ֪žԺǰ
֪һЦ˵ձѼΪƣԽղԽҽ뿪ǣǵΣվͲϾˣһڼҲģ㿴ɷҴһ캢ӣ
ϼž֪ϼĪЩ顣
û뵽ϼҲûȻӦ˵ðС̴ȥһȦ
ϼӦˣ֪¾뿪߳ԺһξؿϼҲ̫ƭˡ
֪ߺϼ˴۵Сۡ
֣ϼޱ
С𣿡
Ȼа￴ҾЦСˣգҲû㻽ҡϼͻȻסЦǲ˯̫û񣿡
ɤ۵һΪϼʶʮ䣬һ࣬ղɫ𴽽ЦЦ

128

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ϼǣš󣬲ܣܶ˾Ҳˡ
նϼԼ֣֪ʵȥ˭
Ѿϼش𣬵Ȼҹ١ӣ
ȥһÿɡϼ˵
߰ϼı飬ʵкÿ𣿡
ϼЦ࣬Цشȵϡ
ҡղмСܱȵرǸðٴϼۼˡ
ϼյ˵ѧǷúܡ
գ
ٵҹռſˣϼߵţԭΪūţϵ˰ҹԼţʱĿ
һ˵Ѱ㣬ûϵѰˡҹֻǵȻһЦĿѾ͸¶䣬ֻһˣūǲɢûȥˣŵʱЩȾˡ
ͨ˹ע㣬ūؼҹ꣬һƵӣ
չע㣬һڵûǹйŮһ
ϼЦް
ҹսϼ롰ţʵϼ⺢ǣ
ϼյͷЦ˵׶ӡ
ССԴװ˴ɻԴѸתԲϼΪ˾ܾҹնԣôҲӦһ£Դѧžһס
һԼˣϼҲˡ
ûϵԼгһվɳ£ˣ
ϼûϵȻẰף֪òУôѿڶף
ҹĿ´һ¶ˣ˵֪һӣһ겻߻˵ؾǰˡ
գ
Сӻͦס״ˣնʱ̫ˡ
ϼЦЦ޵ǻ档
纮˽̿յůʡ
ҹ裬ǰ£ʶŲϣִϥϣһ
һȵĺĶȷʵе̫ϼҹհĿⶼա
ջȵ°ͣüʵ
ҹȻĿջϼһЦ˵⺢ӻϰ߶Ǹѧġ
գ
ҹ¶һޣҿˡı顣
գ
һƷ
òҹսݸϼʣµһյԼԲ۾ҹգʵҵĲأ
СӺʲô裿ϼһյԴ˵⺢ڸĸǰͲڸĸǰôѵǸĸڣԽţ
աҹսԱӷǰźͯϲ
նӣڱǼᣬһζѾϴˡ
սսһţֿϡ

129

ֱŤˣĿס
ϼЦһ£ԼûȵĲյ̽˵ˣֱŤˡ
ҹսԼĲݸգ˵ҵİա
նϼһ裬ҹһ˭ϡҪ衱Ŀ⡣
ҹſ˵ʲôֻһüûϼƫҡ־Ͳûдˣҹѡտڰԭ˵Ļ̻ȥ
նŲ豭ϸϸһڣƢ㣬ò˵ӵջ
ڱɻϰߣҹʵϼ
ϼ˵ͦõģ紾ӣѰҶͦá
նɻãҹսʵ
أѿڶˣôͰﻰ˵ˡ
ϼ˳šĻ˵ţԣմҲ㲻
ʲô൱ãһ仰ѿڶٿذĿ⿴ҹգˮ⣬ὫĻ˵ӺĻҧгݡ
ϼ򡰾٩㻹ͦ˵
ҲڹĨǣǱֱ˵ˣܶˣʣҿɷӵһλãҹĿʼնû뿪ϼԿָڱϷĦǶĿǰķΧе˽š
١ӣѿڶ
ϼ䲻ð֣ʵ˵ʲô
ѡװƲܲ˵˵໰ɣͬʱҲӦԭⱭ˻᲻˵ﻰĲҹ׼ϼȵģôϼش⣬⣿Խ붼֪һλöûġ
ϼѾǳԾˣԵס
һСϼһЩϼ±ӣ˵˺ܶίʵҲϲ㣬־ûбҪôĨǣֱһ˵ҹܺãҵˡ
ղЦ
ҹղûյЦֻ̩ȻЦЦ˵㱾ˣĨǣֱףϼ𣿡
ղЦˣĿֱֱϼϣȴϼĴ𰸡
˵еš˵
ʲôϼ̿˵ԣϼ̹ףͬϲգҵˡ
ٴûסЦЦýиš

130

տŵЦʵڲһ޻Цģ˰Ŀⶼϡհڰ֣ʾԼû취ƲסЦһЩҹղŶ˵¿գ
ϼԲ۾򡰾
ҲԲ۾ǳЦˣͲɶ˵үүң
ҹգ
ϼ
գ
ҹ˵ʥʮ䣬ǿ۽硣
·СԴӻ
֪ǰձģϼ֮ȴҲеȣϾһ·һɻû֤ݡ
ոϼ̧ۣÿڶҹգĪǡĪտҹգ
ǲ֪ҽҹյģϼʵա
ҧ˵ǣȴԼ˼ĳǣ
ϼ΢΢ףȻҪҹˡ
տϼ۵׶͸İӿ²ĪŶ˵ɡ
ֹֹ˼棡ϼվ˵һҲͲ߶ˡ
ҹҲסϼļ˵żͥԺҲֻһˣ㲻߶š
Ӱÿվ׺ݺݶҹ˵žԽԽ
ҹȻؽԼջأת˵һЩһʴʥ
վſҹգǱڰѼҵ׶ͳˣ˭֪Ҫʲô̾ˣԵϼܶһ˰
ʥǺĿģҹʵ
պһ˵ʲôĿģǽǶ˵ɣ
ģ
ϼǵؿգȻȻѾ
ҹЦЦƺͲµˣʵʥΪҪǶ˵ɣ
һŲϣһ̤ϣݺݶҹ˵Ϲһԡɻȴɣǲϼã
ϼϿŶˡüȥ̾Ϣ⣬ƵָѾڴʾ
ҹ̩ȻԼϣ˵ʥϲϼ
ϻʼգһա˵겱Ѿ糺죬ٿرԼԭͣɵ˵ϼֿѧüƵҹա

131

ҧݣ·ܴܵ裬ӣƺۣͦһ㽫߷һأոߡ
Ȼܲʱˣϼȴ´һﲻ鶫߶ƽſںվ
ϼŻѣҹռ򵥵׷ա
ҹпſϣϼС׷գóϼܻãҹתǽ壬ʰһƬƬϧϲ˺öĲߣôˣ˼ס
Ӧȥݴ˿ĸоŭҹַʽ˵ϲϼĻ⻰˵ֻⲢõʱõʱӦܹҽݵǮҽƸϼꡣ
Ҳģ
ϼ׷ߣЦһֱΪϲˡ
˻һյаϬ
ϼƼһȴƫƫҪӵƨɣ˵Ϊ㿴ҹա
־ѳˡ
ͣס˽Ųϼ˵һЩĻվԸǰֻɵЦһ˫˫һ仰Ҳ˵ˣĵһֱ㴥ۣͱʰˡ
Ҳǳ谮мˡ
̧ȼߣûٿתϼ˵˵ʲô
Ϊʲôϼ׷ǰȥʵ
ûΪʲôպҾǲ˵ӣҶʱǱѾá
϶ԭģϼ׷ǰȥҪ˵һ
Դۣܲ˵뵱ʲôҲûļƻ߰ɣ̫ûˣ
ûԭ㳳ˣסԼĶ䣬һɮģ
ϼˣͣ½ŲյıӰȻһ֮У㱼ص˳ʶʱദ״̬Ҳ㡣
ŷûŤͷšüͷϼ𣿡
ˡϼ׷ա
ֻڵպǰĲһջֱŤһ˵š÷һ
վԭϼĵ컹ûкڣѾһǣԣŲֲۣϼϼﴽȴյ

132

ϼն˻صʱ֪һڳŲԶĺŴ󰫽ľΣֻƹǵĺڰëɫȮڱľΣһЦ
ȿںվŵϼˣ壬С̣һѽľγϼȥסϼЦС̣ɺˡ
ϼԴһգǾȷ򿪷ʽ
֪˵ֻӡʩģ˵Ǹ顣
ȻϲòС
ֻ⹷ѣϼղľһ£ֻɵѻڱĴܣת䣬ٿһתϼձ˦ľ˺ߣںߵĻѩûвϣȴҪʰֻɵһ٣ϼЦס
֪һҲڱЦţϵѩƺҲûٱɵ˦
ӾһƬЦжȹ
ԪվʼӪҵҽҲ⣬ذѻ꣬رҽϼż벡˰죬żͬٴ죬ֻϼЦŻ⡣
Ƕ˵һλĴ³ܵľգｫдǿʵȴһ緹ʲôͨˡ
ƺǾôһرĴڣһʲôݵ֮󶼻ͨ˵ĵطڴ˴ûмӣħڴ˴û˺ŷ˻飬Ϸ˵ҲһһԴ
պæʱ첻Ӱ֪Ϻδ˻쵽ŻϼÿҽݣҲϾȥֻÿնųǷߣɵ˰ٴСӴӴˤȸˤˣҽݽղš
ˮ࣬ϵŢ·ֻһŽӡǺϼյ㼣ҵ
ֻհһһĻ˵ĵط̤ϽȥԶѸٻ˷
˭վةƼϼʵжҪ͵Զ
ϼڰָָ֣յ
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Ҳֲة˴ʱˣֻ֪иһŲ֪Ҳᣬ˽ﶼΪСˡ
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һԵҴʱ䡣
ƺ˵ͨһ;ͻԼϼƼǻûɾˮϸĨȥ˵Ժҽݣҽݴʱ䣬ﲡ˰Ѱϲð㿴һ۾֪ûˣ֮ҶΪҽϼЦ
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