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PSŮǻƿһһɳա
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 1 

̫عϣɢȵĹâÿ״ȵûеſҶ档
ɹֳȳȿǰƬƬδոأ鲻Խ̾˿
˲ӣֳȳȾͻǺͷеΣٲȻļŵϽҸϡ
ΪһũѧԺоÿ˶һʵֲʵҪֲԼоɲɵأֳȳȳ鵽Ŀǹʳġ
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ûãѩ˵绰                        
лҪ˵ƪ׼ģȤĿղһл
Ĳ
ǳ֮²һŮѡ㣬밲ȵز伸ٷ׬㻨ǮһְڻҡۿţôԽԽأ
ǳһڹ̨˶ʱ򣬹ϯһǳǳ谮㣡
ŵǳ˳ƾ˽ţԽһͿȻ漣ģȫһ
ǳ޳ҶôŬˣôǲ̭أ
ڷۣǳǳȫ
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ڷۣǳǳԸӡĿˡڳࡢ°ܻûЩ˿
˿ǳǳôôÿ
ڷۣȷʵͦÿġ

 2 

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ͳİɣҰﵹæġĸЦ
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óԣҲ̫ó˰ɡճ̲ס̾ҷôԹóԵϡ
ѩ˵ǣҲ˭Сֳġ
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ѩ̸ֳȳȣϻǴˣСʲôడŻƷʲôľͲ˵ˣֵصı¾˲ã㻹ǵϴθ͵Ĵװɣó԰ɣ
ճͷóԣⱲӶûԹôóԵĴףҲֵģֲϵĶôô

 3 

ŲǣСŶԡѩرɣֵĶرóԣ˵ԿԴ󱥿ڸ
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׼ʲôʱߣֳȳ˳һ졣
͸ߣҿǸոѩһ˸˵ı顣
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ѩͷҲŶٴһ죬ߡ
е᲻ĳԵģһ˲֪Ҫʲôʱˡ
ˣ½ôѩһԵʡ

 4 

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ôˣ¶𣿡ֳȳе죬½ƾȻ˵ϡˡ
Ȼദ죬Ȼֻǵͷ֮˵һ½ƶ̬ȱȽѺ֮⣬ֳ֮ȳȺüθ˵½ƶôֳȳҲСƢƨɣȻֳȳҲ˵ˡ
Ҳ֪ǵˡ
㻹ǵһԹɣ
ǵðôˣֳȳһͷˮ
㻹ǵóԷ졭
½ƻû˵꣬ͽ
¡¡¡¡ͻȻ
ֳȳȲ̧ͷ졣
Զѩ˷ܵĺۣˣҪ𣿸ɺҪˣ
ֳȳҲģҲͬĿģٲ꣬ҴҪˡ
ˣոҪ˵ʲôֳȳ˸ղ½ƺ
ҡû룬½ƵĻһαϡ
ؾҵضֳȳ⧲һûվȾҪˤΪҪʹиܵĽӴȴײһůĻ
û°ɣ
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ֳȳȽĸ첲վãȴΪصһֱվȣֻһֱ½ƣܹվһ㣬Ͻĸ
ãĸѩ໥ţûˡ
ôˣų󺰡
ˡ½ƻش
ΪǳС𣬿ɴضԽԽֳȳ˶½ϣӿǿҵĲС
ꡭֳȳһֱͷͻȻһ죬룬ֳȳȱ½һʹ˹Աߡ
½ƻԭ򣬾ͿղվĵطѿһĹ֡
ѩһ
ԶĸҲס졣
ֳȳϾһ亹
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Ͼ׻ں¡죬һҹ˵ǼѰһҹ
֪˶ãֹͣ˻ζֹͣˡ
ĸһѱסֳȳȣֳȳҲػرסŷĸȫڲ
û¶ˣû¶ġĸǱղŵĵŵˡ
˵Ѿֹͣˣֳȳȼ˵Ȼ߶ȽţֻʲôͻһСĵѷ˵ǣܱߴͷβֻһѷ졣
ôô䣿ѩ
ֳȳžΧ轵¶Ƥ˼Ƥһֱֻĸһִֻ˴ֱۡ
ȻþС꣬εŴ̹ǵĺ䡣
ҿǻȻȥɡ½顣
ֳȳȵͷȻҪҰ⣬ȻһЩ٣ǵûȥõ·
ϣǷܳסֳȳ̾˿
˶Ĭ
ϣ˰ɣһˣǻĽҰ⣬ôҪˡ
˼ӿ춯ɢһصĶʰҴظϡ
ţֳȳȾԽԽ䣬ӵĸףһƫͷĸͷƮżѩ
ֳȳ鲻Խ۾һۣǷѩ
ѩˣ½Ҳˣѡ
ȥ⾿ʲô˵Ⱦȣ˵䣬ȻѩˣвɣųԹ
ֻû˼شÿжǧ˼
һ˼ӿ˲ȴԾûǸղſɲĵط죬һ·ȻСġ
ǰõķݣֳȳ˿
Ұصﲻʮӵ·̣Ǽȴ·һ͡
ûǽ壬ֳȳȸϽһˮ磬ˮ綼ʹãֳȳȸϽкȥϴ衣
꣬˶ϴˮůһʡĸð
û·Ҳû·˭뵽ö˶˵ͻȻѩأ
ĸЩ֣ôܹϡ
ֳȳ¥ʱѩų½ɳϵ
˯𣿡ѩֳȳûʲô¶ɣ

 5 

ֳȳҡҡͷûʲô¶еˣʹ˵㾪ţѾ˯ˡ
ͺáѩĸʹˣɲܵġ
ѩԽԽˣⶼʲô¶Ǽ𣿡ų˼⡣
컹úõģôһ˲䣬·ĩƵġ
ҲųͬĲ⣬һʱ䰲
ղҸ绰ֻһźŶûУ򲻳ȥų½ƵֻҲûźţӣ˵ôˣѩ§ֳȳȣŻˣôһ¶ôͻȻѩ
ֳȳҡҡͷҲ֪֪ӽӦûᷢδ֪顣
Ҳ£ûźΪѸĻվƻˣ½ƻش𣬡ͻȻѩҲǵģټϴų仯ɵͻ䡣
ͶĬе֪ЩòһöûС
ֳȳڵĽ̫ƫˣʮﶼụ̂Ҫʮӡ
ûźţٲȻʧȥ˺ϵҲֻ֪һط˱ʣǱģֱʡ
ǺߣǱضȫһƺƽٵѡ
ʵ֪ⳡѲķΧضС
ղŵǳ̫ˣأգھҵضҪλһֳȳȵһη֣ԭȻСƯһһ·ʱܱһֱֳȳȻ¡
һĵ𣬿֪ضǲȫ硣
ټ֮ǰشССδϵĵֳȳȺɾΪ˽ⳡ׼
Ҫô찡ѩ̲סʡ
ȡ½ƻش
ֳȳ̾˿ץסѩ֡
ǼҲֻеˡźŻָȴѩֹͣԮģµδ
Ϊ˷ֹıʣĸһ¾ҹԸ£ҲʣҹˣһĸСʱųǰΣ½غΡ
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ðԭʶˣ԰ֳȳȣƭ˵ʶ˵ǲͱҰȳ²ˣ
ʲôʲôֳȳȼֱסѩ죬Խ˵Խףͼһ棬ǰˣ˵ģҶʲôˣ㾹Ȼң
ѩֻģ˳һ˼ǳԷʱʲô㻹ǵ𣿡
ֳȳһͷˮǰһֱڳԣκˣʲôӡûˡ
ѩԱ߸òʱʲô¶
ӦòᣬҺ˾ֲǲ֪ȶ˾˯ֳȳȷ
ҲǣԿ϶϶ʲôѩɷµصͷ
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ֳȳȵȻ£ûֳȳȻشѩ˵Һ°㿴ĩС˵ûͽĺ˵᲻ĩ˰᲻ɥʬʲôģ
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ѩ̾˿˵ͦЦģǰҿĩС˵ʱ򣬻ĩĵһӵܣӴϳԷ˯ʴɥʬ۷壬ĩˣҷˡ
ѴδٵʱǴ󵨶Ϊɵٵʱ෴ηж˵ŲκѵһѾ֪Ѷˡ
С֪
ֳȳȲ֪˵ʲôʲôû˵
˵Ұ軹ǶúõôѩĵؾԶǧ֮ĸĸԼǸȻϵǺܺãѪ׵á
϶úõġֳȳò԰׵԰ο
˵ĩˣܻȥ𣿡
ֳȳҲ֪
ڵ˵δһжǲ֪ģΪ˰οѩֻܻش𣺡ģǿ϶ȥģˣ˿ǿˣر㣬ʲôԣ
ȥġѩһźء
ˡֳȳν˵ˣڵǿһĩˣҪʲôأ㲻˵ĩ˶ܵô˵ء
ѩЦһӣɰ
ϲֳȳȲʲô¶ܱһõ̬ƷʣһԶҲ
ѩ鲻ԽسҿôС˵˽⣬ռõģҪռ䣬÷㣬ϵҲɱΣϵҲûԴˣˮϵҲԣѽ˵Ƶģ㵱ܶǴײ˰С˵ﶼ˵һ
ô֪ôͲǸһأ
˵ҲǰѩЦ˲ࡣ
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ȻǲǴС˵ˣֳȳȺԥ˵
ͦģʲôʱѩõһ
ѩ§һֳȳȣá
һѩ˵Ժѿǧܰǰ棬֪𣿡
ֳȳȷųǰ滹Һ棿
ѩԥػش𣺡Ȼˣɫѵ
ֳȳЩ̵ģȴ㲻ųȥˣ˵ʱϵҼΣҿҪΪҵϣˡ
ֳȳԽ˵Խ
ѩת˻⣺ѽ˵ϣһԡˣЩˣᶼ˰ɡ
ֳȳһ磺ôӦǰɡ
̾һ
ȣֳȳûԤ֪һʩûºˣѪȫûˣĲ԰ӣϣˮѰ
ֳȳȾڵѪ
ֵҵǣС󣬴󶹣ˮЩﶼѳɹս˲ֿ⣬ǲеˣҪôһ졭
ֳȳȲ˸Ļա
Ҳ֪ⳡѻãЩʳֻǼ˳ԣ껹ǹġ
ֳȳȾе˵ģܹ鲻ˡ
˼䣬ڰס˯˹ȥ                        
лҪ˵û˸ңҲǵء

 6 

۵ʱ򣬷ɺɵģѩӦǱѵȥˣֳֻȳһˡ
ֳȳ˲ˣ׵ۡ
ѩţű컹һ㡣ȥ綼ǰããһƬ
ⳡѩѾһϡ
ֳȳվڴǰһѩ˼ǧãֱӶˣŴӴ뿪ʰ׵ȥ˿
ֻĸѩˡ
˲ȥˡѩ˵
ֳȳȵͷҲǣ˰һҹˣҲǸϢˡ
ǳԹûУ
ˣҲȥ԰ɣءĸ
ֳȳȻҲûʲôθڣ࣬˿ˮ󵰾¶ˡ
ѩһҹ˰ɣô£һʱͣˡ⾿ôˣôͻȻͱˣĸ̾˿
ĸʣֳȳȰ½ƵĽ͸˵һ顣
ϣˡĸǡ
˵Ǽ˻ˣʱҰ⣬Ҳûе֪ͻȻ䣬ʱյ·
жٲҵˣ˵ⳡѩУ
ֳȳȲֻ֪֪ԼҪŬȥҪԼļ˺ѣһδ֪ѡ
˳û¶ɣѷɵǽһĶĸҲûӣǻĳףʱˣ滹֪ʲô˵ԺЩĶó
ٽʱ½ƺųҲˡǼһˮ磬ѷӴ˲סľ͸˵
ѩӸġ˳˯ģҪֹ
ۿѩԽԽ񣬺»ѩݣֳȳʱʱҪȥɨĻѩȻ̶һСʱѩ񵽽׸ߡ
ϵĻѩҲǣÿĸСʱҾ͵һȻѩļƣ㷿ݳǿҲ类ѹ塣
תȥˣۿѩûҪͣļѩųסˡ
ǵĸĸδǶʳѰ
ټǲ֪͸żˡ
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ѩҲףżôܲżأ
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ѩͣǾ취
ѩֻεصͷ
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Сֳȳȥ˲ֿ⡣
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ʵҲһЩԭ½ƿһۣȻ͡
ֳֻȳȶֶһϲͨҲˣ̣һӡûС
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ܰɣҲûԵ⣬ζˡֳȳȿ˵
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Ȼһͷ׷Ǹ˶ܲˡ
ֳȳҲڳһЩ߲ƹ϶ʲôģЩ˵ڶȽϳҲһϡ
ôǸѧֲģûǧҲϰ٣ʲôѰģϡŹֵĶУ̫ࡣֳȳȾ˼š
һûʲôζ֮ĸ÷ȥ˯ˡʣĸճ½סĿͷơ
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ǼѩŶȥˡ
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лл
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ʱˣֳȳҲûٿĸ׺һš                        
лҪ˵ԺʱΪϾŵɣһ㡣

 7 

Ȼ¡죬ƺʲô
ų̫ĬڿһЦǲĸڷɽ٣
ʱû˸ЦЦ
ֳȳﵣĵĲУ浣һη
ûеǾͻãһжֻ龪һһηСӻܲδ֪
һ˵ⷿˣǼѩܻܲȥû֪ˡ
֪˶ãȻûзֳȳ˿
һδ׺㣬²еˡ
ƿһǣȴһƬ⣬ʲô
ҿ쿴棡
԰ѷƿһĳ
ѩ֪ʲôʱͣˣѪɫգŵѩϣĿǴ۵ĺ⡣
šѩ
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Ѫ£ԹζŲꡣο֣ζűؽдֽ١
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δĺѪˣȽݰɣ̫ˡֳȳ飬ĸܲס
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ţֳȳͬеģСʱǲǳ˺ֳܶࣿȳ
ҲãҴСһϰˡ½赭дػش
ɿ赭дӣֳȳȴеۣԲܺ۸ԲůĲ״ţֲÿ춼ô࣬Сʱˡ̫ˡ
ﻹһѣԼšֳȳȴ󷽵˵
½ЦЦ˵á
ˣ֪Ϸʲô𣿡ֳȳȺڰֻԼС½̲ס
Ȼ밡ֳȳϲ˵ץץε롣һ㲻췢ʲô½ƵʱԽ顣
ҾͼǵóԷʱˣȻʲôǵˡ
治ǵˣ½
治ǵˡֳȳر϶ͷƤ˺þˡ
аɣҾ͸㡣½ƶ˶٣·Ƶ˵֮󡭡ǿҡ                        
лҪ˵˵÷ʱˣе

 8 

ֳȳȴһƬհס
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ƭңҺ֮˯ֳȳȲŲ˵һ֮ʡ
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ֳȳȷ⻹ҳأһŮӶû˵ʲôһ˻ƽˣ˵ˣҺҲһӡûˣ͵ʲôû͵ˡ
û½ίڶʮˣкӵĳǾͲҪˣ
Ҫô𣿡ֳȳȾеģ׻
ǻ׬ˣ½ǿЦⶺ
仰ɰֳȳ˸
Ϊռ˰׸Ҫһ绨СŮ˵ˣСֳȳⱲӶҲŮѣ
ɵȻʲԸֳȳȻŭʣҪʲô
ҾͳԵصǴѸҾˡ½Ц˵
ԵֳȳҪըˣҪָţȻһɾʣһˣ
ֳȳ㲻ᣬԥԥһвУ
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ټһһһ룡
С½ƹĵظ⣺Ҫ͸һҪŮѣѡɡ
Ůѡֳȳ仰ѿڶ
½ƶˣ⣬ոŮǲ̫˵㣿
ģ½ֱ壬ʡ
˺þãûֳȳȵĻش½ƾе֣ȥֳȳȣֳȳһӵĻ
½Żˣ΢΢ŸֳȳȵգȴһƬȡ
ֳȳȣôˣ½ƻֳȳ£ֳȳȻûаӦٲȻǻ˹ȥ
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Ůѡû˵ֳ꣬ȳȾͻ˹ȥ
ԹȥֳȳֻԼˮ֮Уọ̈̄ԼҲһȵĻɽֱȵøоԼҪڻһ
أԼԽԽʹԽԽʹȫĹͷλһ۵Ǻ
֪˶ãֳȳȾԼҪʱˡ
̧ۿ˿ܣԼĴϡ
ȴȫһûС
ֳȳΪ֮ĺ֢Ͼɽȥ˿
ֳȳȾ۾췢һС
ԼĲҲ̫һ㣬ѵǴôõԵʣֳȳеż屶ˣôĸأĸҲ˰ɡ
ڷػصתţ䣬ֳȳͻȻڴߵˣͮͮرÿ
ֳȳȵɴ۾
Īˣǵ⼸컹ûҪٻһµʱ䣡
ֳȳȰ˼⣬̾ȥоһµطʲôڸûֻڴץӷεؽиֲ롣
ûɵģÿ϶Ѫйء
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Խ룬ֳȳԽҲѪɵġ
뵽⣬ļ١ѩĸҲѪչֳȳŴӴմžײһĻ
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֪ôˣȫһûСֳȳܵĻ˻Դ
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˯ôãֳȳ˿֪˯ôôôܣ
ǰĸҴҴıǣںõû
ֳȳΪ˱ĸģ˵Сѣöˡ
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ˣԺҸǡʱ˵ɡ
ûвһ𣿡ѩһе׷ʡ
ֳȳɶͷԣѵǵʲôһı仯
Ŭظһ£һʹϾʹʹģ·˳ƵģˣûУѵǷʲô仯
𣿡ֳȳֻһʣû뵽ѩȻ˵ͷ
ʲôֳȳ͵һļţ۵ġ
㣬ʲôӡĸǳ
ֳȳȫû⣬˷ܵʣļˣ
ԭƻС˵˵ܾȻǴڵģֳȳȲ뿴һˡ
ѩԥ£ȻȻ˵ͷ
ų½ƾͷܣ뵽յԵʣΪĸûзգҲûܣôֳȳҲˣȻԵʱ䳤һ㣬ֳȳȿ϶Ҳܡ
ղŵѯʣֳȳкܴĿûмܣΪܵˣÿһǾȣģֳȳȴ
ѩЩɣֳȳȻ
ɿ˷ֳܵȳȣѩʵ֪ˣҡų½ƣܡ
𣿡ֳȳ˷ܼˣ̫ˣǶʲôܣ뿴ʲôӡ
ʵмʶƻôƬĳôֳȳ;üѡ

 9 

½ƿֳȳһ˷ܵӣ̲סЦˣǾϵֻҵǿģʱû취չʾ㿴ԺлĻٸ
ֳۣȳ̾ܣһһǳܣչʾˣеϧ
ǻϵų˵žչʾܡ
һĻԾֻǲ֪ǵȼ̫ͻղ⣬ֻлСл㱵ؿżȶ
ֳۣȳҲ翴Ųſᣬеӣǳӵع˹ƣžͺǱ
ѩ
ҵǿռܡѩһ˵ţһ߱һħ
´ͷϵıӣһգ۵Ĺ򣬱ӾͲˡ
ֳȳ˴Ĵָۣ̫ˣռ䰦ǿռܰҪܣ̫ˣ
ǲǾͦģֳȳʡ
ǡѩ˵ͷ
ֳȳŬĳһ£ϸʹˣʼ磺ûܡ
ѩֹ
ѽûҲûʲôֳȳν˵ôʳأܹ鲻˵ˣⲻأĴǱˣ
ֳȳȵƤգգ۾
ѩ͡һЦˣУĴȸ㱧
Ȼôֹۿá
ֳȳֹͦ۵ģҪ˵ʧҲ϶еġ
ܰΣصʱڣ൱ھͶһݻܵĻȻܺãûҲǾͻˡûܶһ㣬ֳȳֵ⼸ԵĿͷɶˣһ¡
ûҲûʲôԺ͸ңһ⣬֤һѩظ˵
ιİһһھŰˣֳȳȹ˵
࣬ࡣѩٺһЦ
һʱ
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ңֳȳȵӿ˲֮ˣƬȻ˵ܳȳܵġ
ţֳȳȲؿΪʲôô˵Ҳаɲû
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ֳȳĻʶؿ۴ߵΪ½ƲΪԼܵ
ʲô˼ʲôֲѩվ׷ʵ
˳½ƵĿҲ˳һʲôʱģ
ѩǵó˵һ²ܳء
ǳӵ𣿡ѩҲӦˡų½Ƶֲܸմϱߣȴ˵ı仯˵б˾ܣĸûзգֳֻȳһ˿ܰõ
Ӧǵġ
ǳôȫѩЩɻ˶ȵġ
ڲ֪°ͷţˡ½Ʋ²⼸ôãһҪķܡ
϶ˡѩ˷ܵ˵̫ˣӣҲܣ
ֳȳ΢΢üþ϶ܻ̫һ㣺ûпǱԭɵأ磬ǰѪ¡
ѪһͲҲпҪԭ
½ҡҡͷǵҺųǼŻƹ𣿡
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ǼŻƹϲûг졣½˵
Ҫ֪ǵҺֳȳס䴦ͬһλǼƹҲǱѪչģȴûʲô仯
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ȵȡų˵ûϵô͸ջˣ
ѩһСܸʲôոͲˣ
ⲻǲųô϶ģ
Ǿ͵˵
ֳȳȿ죬εЦˣ˵Ļ
Ȼ½˵ܵģֳȳȲΪղ˵һжֻǲ²⣬ûᵽֳȳǶϲҾͿ϶ģϾԽʧҲ͹󡣿ɿѩĸһ˷ܵӣֳȳȲɨǵˣˣָ˵ɡ
ʱܣȻǽԴϲûУٸ˵Ҳһ
뵽⣬Ŀ½һۣǵģ˵ôһûܿɲʧ
֪Ǹо߻ôģ½ͻȻƫͷŵϽƿߡ
žǰգʲô
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ĶҲǡڴʱֳȳЩΣ粻죬죬ƫƫʱ죬ǣ
ֳȳȾԼе̡
ѽҶһˣĸһţȥȥ
𣬰̣ųȥɣܵĿ졣ѩʹų
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ûʲô˼ģ԰׷ɵôˣѩųһۡ
ų죬ѩı£ίȥ÷ˣܿضһС
ֳȳȶĺˣҲûζܿͺˡ
Ÿɸɾ裬ֳȳɣǺܶô죿УʳʲôʱôˣٳٷҲܳôɡֳȳԼĶӣǲ⡣
ôûԱĸ
ֳȳȿӵˣе˼ص˵ͷ
ʲôʱôˣĸҲܲ졣
ҵķҲǴ˺ܶࣿų½ҲһӦþǼܵĸˡѩȻ˵
Ҫ˵⼤ȷʵܺãۿɼģǵķҲ˲٣⼸Ǽһķѩе꣬ϾԷһֿʳҲֻǳһģںˣֳȳȼ˴ֲܣҲΪԵķˡ
ѩرġ
ҲǡĸǺЦˡ
ţܻʹôֳȳɻˣѵܣ
ǰͻȻһֳȳһ̧ͷ½ơ
ŵȳԵӡ                        
лҪ˵ķҵ٣дСʱָСʱдôһ㡣

 10 

ֳȳȵָ˶
˵ʵе㲻̫ӣĸѩǶţӵĻ̫ãֳȳ룬ֻý˹òصлл
ϾԼֵġ½ƿ̫Ըı飬ЩЦ
ֳȳƲƲ죬Ȼֵ֪ˡɿ½һЦݣֳȳȾǰϷ£Խ߷߲ƽݺݵҧһڡ
ֳۣȳȵһڵĸܣȻ͸ܵԹĸĲͬ
֭ˮ־ʳθֻһ˲䣬ֳȳȾ;θůůġ
ֳȳԽöˣգۼ䣬Ͱһƴ˸ɾ
ֳȳȶ˶壬ƺҲָЩѩٸժһ
ҪǲǴ
ѩ½ƾֵݹһֳȳȿһۣ̹Ȼؽ˹ͨˣԼֵʲô˼ģ
ܿ죬Ҳ˶ǣԵָֻЩƺҲЩȻĲĴ
ֳȳȿǼ鲻Խࡣ
ôˣֳȳȳסˣѩĵʣòʲôԾĵط
ֳȳҡҡͷû¶ͦóԵģҲ
Ȼ֪ô£Զ׼ģ˵кôģԺо
ѩժһţһںͣˣֱ˼˵ۣúó԰𰡡
Ҳų˵ҲȲժһšʵղŽŵʱżζˣһֱԣû˼ڡ
ĸ½Ҳһժһš
ţҲ̫óˡų޲ڣһ
ժѩ֣óҲһس԰Ȼˡ
ųϧ֣۾۰Ͱ͵ضʣµǰ˰ûôԹһ
ѩеʲôãǿóԵľ߲·
½ҲƺʲôĿ⽥
ѩʣµ˵ժŽռ׼һ͵˵ռ仹ͦõģװͲ˵ˣͶҲܷ㡣
ǾȥˣٺúϢһ緹˺㡣ĸֳȳȵͷ
á
ĸͷѩһ˳ȥ
ֳȳֿһۣȻͷҲ˽ȥ
ʹԼģоһ˿һůͷֳ࣬ȳȵĽѵ˵½ȷģܣ
ֳȳȳһɸոջָǵʵڲãû취֧ٳһΡ
ļֿʼʹҲһƬֳ֮ȳȲԡ
ˣǵ׻ָ˵ɡ
ֳȳüһ¸ղŵǼҲֵͦģܸṩƵġ
ԽԽû취Ӧѧֲĺֲֵ֢оо뵽⣬ֳȳͻȻ쿴ǿúÿֹŹֵɵ̾˿ôѩͶ˰ɡ
һֳȳȾеûţƿӰͷ˳
һ̧ۣȴ½ͷ
ɰֳȳһŷ˺üˤ˴Һ½ֿ켰ʱס
ѽˡֳȳĿ챻ˡҲС˭ӱͻȻͷи˶ᱻŸ
ǻ˵֪𣡡Сߵ
ˣˣҵĴӦ˵һģˡ½˵·ںСӡ
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ʲô
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㡭ܲܲҪ˵ֳȳͼָǰ
Ϊʲôأ½Ȼº͵ġ
Ϊ㲻ú𣿡½飬ֳȳȲ֪½ôģǾú֡
ǡ½ЦһΪʲô֣Ů֮䲻ӵ𣿡
ֳȳȲʲôŮѣ˭ŮѣҸ˵ҳԣɲ˵
ˣ½ԽԽֳȳȱˣǽڣ޿ˣȥ֮ǰ˵ҪŮѵġ
ôǵãֳȳȾʹװ󷨡
ǿҵ黹ǵ𣿡½ƽض۾
ֳȳȷɿҡҡͷǵҲҪ˵ǵãҪ˵Ĳǵã
аɡ½Ƽװɵֱ塣
ֳȳ˿Ϊ½ҪŹʱֻɫͳֻ
ֳȳ˲˸飬˲õԤС
㲻׼Ҹ𡭡ҪʲôŮѡģȻֹ
⻰ôôأֳȳȴ룬ⲻǰϵ˵ô
ֳȳȲŵؿ½ƣȻ¼
ŵò˵㻰ɣ½ƻ˻ֻٲȻһҪ˵ı顣
ֳȳȳĬ˰Σ˵ʵȻ½¼ˣҲظӣʵ컰û˵꣬˵Ů붼롣ֳȳһһ˵Ȼ۲½Ƶı飬𣿡
½üš
ֳȳɫˣץץͷǵƺӶϴˡ
½ƿ˾ᣬȻȻɫʵֲ֧ˡǸɵʱҲҪ˵Ű
ֳȳȾ˰죬ʵڲ֪ô˵ʱ½Ƶǵѡ⣬̽ҪɣǴѾ͸ˣ֮¾һʹ𣿡
Ȼԡ½ƱѡҪŮѡɶ̶һͷˣ㵱ʲôţ
½һرˣֱӰֳȳȸסˣǡ˵ô죿ֳȳȽͰ͵˵
ȻǼŮѡ½Ȼ˵
ֳȳǰƽʱ򶼲̸Ҫ˵ˡֻĸѩȵضȹһѡ
㿴вУֳȳ룬˼·Ǵѻ㣬ٸа㿴ҿԴֲԺʲôֻҪֳ֤Ըв
У½ƹϾܾ
Ϊʲô໮㰡ֳȳȱغ
ôҲ޷⣬½ƿģģҸŮҲӦǼ׵£ôƫƫ͸ˣǿһˣģϾ͸вУ
Ǵֶ죬϶ûǰʣҲסҡ½ƶ˶٣Լ⻰е޳ܣ᲻ײŮѣ룬Ǽ˵δ˭˵ãҴӲûյ¡ԣС
ֳȳû뵽Ȼɣһʱ֮Щסˡ
ԽԽòԾʲôûǰʣѵ˼ǽѱȲ˼Ȳǰһˣ黹ˣ
ֳȳԽԽ޿̵һ䣺½ƣǹɣ

 11 

û뵽½ƱҲûЦˡ
ֳȳȾ͸ˣݺݵĵһۡ
ԣŮѣըëӣ½̲סͷ
ֳȳȲͷض㿪Ҫǲͬأ
Ҿֻð¼¼̺ѩǿˣǰ½Ʋɫв
㡭޳ܣֳȳôҲû뵽½ƾȻˡǰ½ǸˣϹۣ
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ЩǾԲøĸѩġȲ˵ĸϲ½ƣҪ֪½ƳΪ϶ˣ˵½˵ѩ֪˿϶ᳰЦǸŮɫǣװռ˱ˡο½ƣ
ЩֳȳȾˡ
ͻȻֳȳһǳҪ£۴µشһ½ơ
ôˣ½ƿԼӦûʲô׵ĵطɣ
о仰˵ǿŤĹϲ𣬶԰ɣҿҲϲңҲϲ㣬αأѹϵǸ𣿡ֳȳź
˭˵Ҳϲģ½ͻȻһ䡣
ֳȳ˲סˣüģ
Ȼ½ƿٵһʢ档
ֳȳʵⲻסֻ͸ϽԼգͼԼһ㣬˼ƿ¡
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ֳȳʵ̫½ƵĻϾ֮ǰһûо½ϲڻǵ½ƶ̬ȣ½ƵԸܲİϷɣ
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ֳȳͷҲûĿܡаɣǾΪˣϾȷʵܺáδҲ̫һ㣬ѵĲ׽Ū
ʹ½ƳʲôĶֳܷȳɲ⣬οв
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½ƿ֪ʲô׼Цһ˵ˣ˸㣬ֻһһɾļĹܡ
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һ꣬ԼޣһֳȳȻûϲô
Ҹˡ
½ȻԼģäĿšѾ¶ģһ꣬꣬꣬ҪֳȳĸԸϲ
뵽⣬½鲻ԽЦˡ

 12 

ֳȳǱѵġ˼֮ǰʱĻѾûˣþ档
ʱ䣬ոʮһ㣬緹һСʱʱ䡣
֣˯ǰôһ࣬ôô죿
ѵѩ˵ļܺĸãԵĶࣿĿ죿
뵽ܣȥ
һϤůӴԷɢֳ֫ȳȾˡܣȻҵ㶫һ¡
ҪҪӣĶѾʼؽˡ
ֳȳʶؿ鲻ԽգգۣԼҰƺ˲٣ֿǽϵǷֻ϶ʵ
ӳ̶ȲߣֻٶңƽʱҲô۾ԭǷֻЩģڿȴǳ
ĽӾȻˣҲΪô
档
Ϊʲôһʱûָأֳȳеɻֻܹʱûע⵽
ֳȳߵ˴ߣ
⼸Լа˸ߣǷǳֲ꣬ǰһʵժֻʣ¼Żࡣ
ֳȳһμõϣۿɼģߵַ˱仯
ʩܣɬԽԽ죬ֱȫ졣
ֳȳȿĿɿڴҪֱš
˵ʵֲҪڣ絽̵ļ죬Ҫü̶꣬һ˲ͳĳʵ߸ֳȳ
Ӧòʲôðɣ
뵽֮ǰǸζֳȳժһķŽ
ģرĿζһţֳȳȷǳԵظоղʹʧָһЩ
ֳﲻûиãкô
ֳȳȿˣܿǲ
ֻһꤵθֳȳԽöˣϽ¥
ĸѩæµţֳȳȳȥʱøͷȲسһŰݡ
⻹ûԱ
ֳȳӣе㲻̫˼ˣɷͰˣ
ǲǻѩ
ֳȳȵ˵ͷ
ѩֵݸһͷ΢棬ȻͳԷˡ
ˣֳȳȿһͷеɵۣôôͷ
𣿡ѩͷһۡ
⻹ֳࣿȳȴһʮͷ
ȳԷʱֳȳȲŷĲࡣ
½ƺųԵľͶ࣬ڵķǶһֹѩҲ˲٣գۼ䣬һͷͼ˵ףֳȳȿĿɿڴ
һԵѩ̾˿ܵĴ۰
ѩصģûʳʳ̶ȿ֪ڣиһĸͰҿʳ࣬ȻǺܿҪˡ
ҺֲܡȻӶûˡѩ̾
ֳȳͬеصͷضԶ
ʵô໹һǳҪԭ򡣡
ʲôԭ򣿡ֳȳ˯˿ˣȻ֪ʲôԭ
ֵ̫óˣҽ첻ֶ֪ͷѩ޷޵˵ȥԳһӰɣ
ֳȳ˰ΣΪҪ˵ʲôءȷʵóԣԣǳųԣȡ
ʢһˮûоõ֤
ֳȳȿѩһۣ룬ֻǺóԣбôء
ֻ뵽ҪǱѩֲֵ֪ﻹлָǺü첻ͣ
ȲԼְɡֳȳ͵͵Цˡ
һٵֳȳɳĥԼܡ
ʵ֮£Լһŵ˽⡣
ӦľϵܣܹٽֲĿֻʱ̫ʹܾûˣӵ䣬Դٽֲµڡ
׽Ϊʲôôˣȷʵ½˵ˡ
ţҲ¡ζֳȳڵҪ죬Ҫľܡһ԰ˣ֪͸֧˶ܣѹ˽졣
뵽ֳȳȲЩ¡
ֳȳȻһԶֲץһѻƶŴ硣׺滻ųԣƶֻѿڻдĻƶ
ԵģֳȳȸоѣĹԼܣĻƶֻǻոðѿ
һԶֲʹõҪȵÿ졣
ȻֳȳѾˣѰѩųļ˵Ҳðճ̡
ʱѾʮˡ
ʱ䲻ˣϵʱԽãųѩļΣվͻһ֡
һ¾Ҫ
ȻѪ³ֵĵѩͣˣ̫Ȼûг֣Ҳɺ̹ǣĻѩҲûаҪڵļ
³ѡ
ѩųļҷֱڲͬĳУѩغУųڵ۶
ų·
ֳȳȲ̫ͬ⣺Ȼſһ㣬ΣԴ˺ܶࡣ
˭Ҳ֪ʲôҲֻˣĸûʲôս·Ļһʲôµ¶ɾΣˡ
½ҲģҿһȥУȻվȻʱ䳤һ㣬ȫЩ
Ȼżܲ˼Σա
ųȷʵˣֻôӦˡ
г̺ж
һʵڲףοһȥٵһ£ҪĶкܶ࣬ѩĿռֻжʮƽң̫Ҳװ£ֻð־
ҪľʳˡʲôżʳһҪ
ǵ֮·ϻֲ㣬ֳȳȾʳܽʡ·ʱ䡣
ĸŴ˺üͷ׷ķ˺üٽ棬ôθڣҲ㹻ǳһˡ
ѩĿռбʵĹܣȻǻ治ôࡣ
ֳȳҲܴ˺öڿСˣ˲˸ɣ࣬ôܽ
ԵĴĲˣȻǽͨߡ
ϾҪǿ·۶ٵ£ʱܻƻ˶ˡ⣬ӿһֱ棬ռÿռ䣬ҳỹװ㶫οͨ߻ṩһڷ絲ãô䣬ֻ޷ĲκηĻվСʱܶɱԽͨ߶˵͸ɻȱˡ
½ѩ֮Ϳʼ콻ͨˣֻʣһЩβ
ǳԴһ⡣
ǻ϶ȿʹͣҲʹõܡ
ȻֳȳȼﴢͲ࣬ؼʹװҲֻһٹ
Ҳֻ֪ͣˣĵϵͳȫ̱Ǻߣ˵·ϸҲܵĵط
ȥļվռһЩ͡
½ƴͼָָжʮļվ
ҲԴλϸ١
ˣ˽ܹĵʰ

 13 

ֳȳûʲôʰģҲûʲôҪʰģͱĸָɶ˳
ʹģܵĻָҲʱģһٴλָҪСʱֳȳȾͳ˺öֲʽӪҺһ죬ʹܣȻЧʡ
Ȼǲһ߲˾ֻһӣһ˳Լھûˡ
ֳȳ̾˿ҪĲ԰ӻھͺˡ
ˣԴѩûȥ԰￴ء
ֳȳͻȻȥ԰￴ˡȻ֪ЩͶˣǣһأ
ϣֳȳȹ޷˸£ŰѲĵ˳ȥ
ͨ԰ӵ·ϵѩûҲܣѩһߣһ߻Уܿ͵ˡ
ѩֺΪ䣬ѩ涳ĸĽʵȫݽȥȻҲʱȥˡ
ֳȳ˸طͿʼٿӣܿڿһ󶴡
˦˦
ԴӼܣȻˣҲ˺ܶ࣬ͶЩҲˡ
ǰڲɾڿˡ
ѩܺԼһңֳȳˣҲʮӲż˵ס
ͺͺģֳȳȲ̾˿԰ûֶĵطôһ㶼ڵˣ̫ˡ
ֳȳЩйѾôˣֲģվڿӵ׺ڣʡ
²ӣֳȳȾͿһõСײˡȻûб
ֳȳȰѲӷŵһߣᲦСײΧѩСײ˱Ӳģһ
ı䣬Щ߲رûжͺãⶳ˾ͿԳˡ
ֳȳȿĻˡ
ǻ᲻ĺҲԳԣֳȳͻȻ뵽
Ȼʱ㣬ȫʱ򣬵ʱҲǿԳˣСС˵㣬ܱȿǿ
ֻʱеϾҪȥˣһѩƶˣǻٿҲһ
ڸʲô
ͻ˵ŵֳȳȲĶСײӵϣҺӦĿ졣
ֳȳһ̧ͷ½ƣؿ½һۣû˵
ôôûġ
½ƷЦЦҪæ𣿡
һֳȳ֪Ҫʲôˡ
Ȼֳȳֱ׳˵
ôĲ԰ӣһˣ¶꣬οЩֲ߲һ˳ԡ½ûйҲҪǶɻġ
½˵ž֡
ֳȳԥһ£ס֣ȥ
ڵĶ̫Сˣֻһˡ
½һԾȥֳȳȸղڵķѩ
Ӹװˣ
šոװá½ƻشӳûֳȳȣһ·˹
Ŷ
ȥСѩǡֳȳ仰ˡҲ֪Ϊʲô½ƵһرŤ
½ƿıӰεҡҡͷ
ܿ죬ֳȳȾʹųѩһˡ
ۣȻĻšųŸոձ½һС͵Ĳ˵أ档
ĸ˻һʱ䣬ڰв˵ϡƷֵԵʣȻв߲˱ˣõ˵࣬һ˿νջ
ĸЩ߲ɲ˸ɣĶѽѩĲֿ⣬·ԡ
£߲˵ʱǽˣֳȳҲ˺ôһڲʱֲˡ֪⼸춼ûú˯һΰȾˣһʱ䣬ĸ׼ʱ޶Ҳǰ컹ҹ
ֳȳȵĺȦˡ
Щֳȳֲͱ͵͵˿
ɲĸ֪Ҫ֪ѣ߶߶
ֳȳҲ֪ػҲҸ̫ܣֻҰҪֲԱߣ΢ܡ
ȥˣڷССѿ
ֳȳ˸رСС£ִ˶
Կѿ̫ˡ
ʰ߲ˣ͸óˡ
ѩĿռ䲻Сʳ߲ЩһװͲˣҪ˵ôư裬·Щ
ˣһдӼɡ
ܿ죬͵˳ӣĸԼҲϻֳȳǵĺȡ
Լûһͬ⡣
Ȼʱǰȫģδô˭Ҳ֪ĸִˣһʲô£ֳȳȿ޶
˵˵ĸͬһˡ
뿪ʱֳȳȵ˹صذѲֿ˺ü
Ҳ֪ⳡѵʲôʱܹȥܾʳݲġ

ѩųһʣµֳȳȣĸ½һ
ȻѩܼӲΪ˷ֹⷢ½ƻǸĴһȥӿѩϵʻٶȡ
˻˳ϳʱ͵֮ǰ˵ļվ
ﲻļվģѩ
ѸٵһӣҹѼһЩ͡
ҲãӦǼվĳλ쵼İ칫ҡ칫ָɾ˵滹˼Сҡ
׼Ĵûϡ
ѩӿռóտܺ͹ִȡЩѩʼˮ
¯ⶫֳȳȼûУΪ˳ˮȣͰտܴˡ
ѩ̫ˣͳѩˣġųԹԺռҲǴ¶ȰѩˣҲ̫Ѿˡ
ֳȳͬУ˵Ժ󣬾˵֮ǰ԰ʱ򣬾ͷ˺ܴһ
Ϊʰ˷䣬ֳȳȼͿʼͳԵĻҵҲ
֪վһ㶼иУѩصӣҲӦû˻ôԶѼʣҵо͸ˡ
Ų˰죬˵еˣһ䷿ӵŶû
ҿҶ죬̫¶ˡѩűԹ
Ҳû취ûѵҪȥ۶ô
ǵȻܡԾ㵢죬ǻǵðҵߡ
һ·ôõѩ˶еˡ
ͷɥػ˸ղʰķ䡣
ѽѩͻȻˣ
ֳȳҲˡ
ܴ˼أ˵ӦùڣȻïʢĺܡ
ֳȳȱֲ֪ܻڱ䳤
ĿϧˣǼһûüժءĸҲſϧ
⻰һڣ˶еۡ
˵䣬ˡͷһ߲
һǱȽϷ㣬һҲΪ߲Щʲôûˡ
ҪȻôӳûļ˴ʱԼժôԹء
һҪѳҳѩҧŰͷ߷ߵ˵
ֳȳидصͷһ𣡡
Ҳ⡣
һټ򵥵һϰܡ
ѩ˵ռϵôأΪ£Բˡ
ֳȳȵľϵֲͨųĻϵҲܿ½Ƶľ͸ˣڤ
ΨĿռϵţüȥˣ˵ܶٶЩ΢Ψѩģǰռʣٷ϶컹ʣٷ϶һ㶼û
ֳȳȰҪ԰Ѷӿռصһ£
УһöûСѩ̾һԹˣûá
㿴ǼʽõĶءֳȳȼ²⣬ҵĸֲйأ½ƵĸйأųӦǸϵԪйأúһ룬ʲôռйأ
˰Ҳûʲôͷ
ĸÿ˵ܶͬʹ÷϶ȥԶ
¿ռܵʽֻܿѩԼһĥˡ

 14 

⣬Ϊ˷ֹⷢҪҹ
ĸ˻ǰֳȳȺ½һǰҹѩųһغҹķʽš
Ϊ˱¶ȣտĻһֱûϨ
ǰΪ˽ʡռ䣬ǰѲݱֽѹȡܶ㣬ۿɼػǲʹ
ͻǱģΪԴܵȼá
ֳȳȶǰĻѷ
ô˵½ֳȳ
ֳȳ
ҺòãţŮѣ½ֳ֪ȳȷŲӣһͷ˵
ֳȳɲԱŲŲ
½ƸŲŲ
ðɣҵ𣿶Բ𡭡½ƿֳȳһֱԵǸȻҲ֪Լˡ
ߡֳȳһ
̬ȣ½Цˣŵ·ͳһţɵݸֳȳȡ
ֳȳȿеסˣŪģ
ǰʰҵġ
𣿡
ֳȳ̲סʿˮʵڲûϢѾûгʲôζˣĺò
ֻһ԰ɡɻųģϲЩַŽ·һֱûԡֱǰʰʱ򣬲˳
½øֳȳȳˣϧԴڲ԰˵仰ֳ֮ȳһֱûҵʵĻᡣ
̫СˣֻжʮˣҲһ˽ķ
Ҫǵڸֳȳȣֳȳȿ϶ԣ˵
ƣƽ⡣
⻰ֳȸ˼ˣʹʿˮ˵԰ɣҲ
½Ṵ˹ǣĲˡ
԰ɣŮѲеĴ½ưǰ˺ֱֳȳȵ
ֳȳʶؽ˽
Υӣ˲ˡ
ó𣿡
óԡֳȳȵ˵ͷ
½ƿԵģСèڳԵ˾ΥСɣͷԺٸԡ
ֳȳ彩һ˲ôûж㿪
ǳ̣ȫ˼ٶˡ
̫ûϢˡ
ֳȳ͵͵Ƴ½ơ
ʵ½Ƴĺܺÿôÿʹ½ڴĸɫ޵ĴްڼªĻԣһһ󣬷·ڶ
ֳȳȵе㶯ҡˡ
ô˧кӣѽʣһ͡
вУֳȳȸϽҡͷ뷨ߡ
ôôʣ
뵽⣬ֳȳȵƽ
½ͿһϵеСȴҲ;ؿš
ǲ֪ıѾ˰ɣ
½ƿıӺ߱þٵƽﳤ̾˿
ҪܻԶĺܡ
еĺʱ䡣
˰ҹѩų滻
ֳȳȱͦ¶뵽컹һӲҪǿԼ˯ߡ
緹Ǽ򵥵ͷæ緹˿ʼվ
һͳڲֿ⣬վĲֿһ㶼ڼվĺ档
Ϊ˽ʡʱ䣬ǱӺԺʼ˵ǣֻ˰ҵ˲ֿλá
򿪲ֿ⣬ܹͣͳ
ųȥһֻһͣǽӽ״̬ãһͲӦùˡ
ãҲһ
Ϊ˽ʡѩռʹ˾Ͱ
վǣֿͷʮ
ܿ죬ǾͰͳͶײͰ
ˣ֮һ⡪ѩĿռ䲻ˡ
ĿռﻹжĿռװЩͰ
ѩһԼĿռ䣬ЩҪģʱȶֿǸĸõĶĸҲö
ЩϾѾǳǰɸѡһһġ
ĺﲢûз̫ණֳȳȺѩ뾡һа취Ͱ˿ռ䡣
£Ŀռǳ׵׵ˣһɳӶȥˡ
ҲΪԭֳȳȺѩԭƻҪѰҼվеļƻǳˡ
ҵôʵڴ±Ķˡ
ҪҵóԵֻܸɵǸ
ѩʣһǻ·ǻڵĻʱٴҲ١
ֳȳοԼ
ռͣ˼·
Ȼûг̫Ҳûѩһ¡
·ϵĻѩȻֺ񣬵Ȼҿ̫죬ѩ̫⻬ٶһ̫ͻ״򻬡ټϣҲеѩ涼ǼӲģЩطѩͺɣһȥҪѺܴĹܳ
ԣһ·ϲòСġ
ⲻǴߵѾˣ˸Сʱǲٶ๫
òܵаֳȳȸоܣеγ⼸ܻȫγҩγҩѾˡ
ֳȳϣһ㡣
ڵٶȣٵһڡ½ƻش
ֳȳȳ̾˿
ôð
Ȼǳĵ죬ֳȳȾ;еܲˡ
Ȳ˵γ֢״˵һ·ϳѩѩ˻µѩäֳ֢ȳֻܿ˯˯Ѵʱ䡣
ˣֳȳ͵͵ѵ»ûӹĸķۣǰ죬һΰڲԱ߲ܵʱ򣬱ĸ˸šĸ˵һ٣
Ϊǰֳȳҵô߲ˣĸ󻹴Ӧѡ
ֳȳȸ˻ˣ⼸챧˯֣㳤ѡ
̶죬ڼ䲻ϵʹܣѾïʢˣû취ӣֳȳȾͰ˺󳵴ϣ󳵴ˡ
ֳȳȾȥӦúܿͳˡ
ҲڲܵĹУܵõ˻
ڵˣ½ʡ
ţҿֳȳȴ򿪵ͼһ˵ӦǵWˡ
ȷ𣿡½ƿΧӡв̫ĵطü
ֳȳϸؿ˿ͼûϴNгǿ쵽Wа
һ·϶ǿŵͼߵģӦòɡ
ô𣿡ֳȳȿ½ı飬ѯʳڡ
½ƳƬ̣˵Ҽǵԭƽԭ
ô᣿ֳȳȿ۴಻ɽ壬һ᲻Ǵˣ
ɽܲǺ¥ɣɽأ
½˵ûԱߵĸڣҲһ࣬ǰȷƽԭ׼ȷ˵ѡĴӳصһ·ƽԭش
ߴˣֳȳʡ
϶ߴ˰ɣȻôߵɽˣϸյͼʾķߵİ
ֳȳȻǾߵķӦûܲǹǽɣ
ʱ֪½ƻͣоһ°ɡ
ֳȳȵ˵ͷȷʵӦͣһ¡ߴˣҪʱ
½Ʊͣ˳ųҲͣ

 15 

ôˣʲôˣųѩ˳ʵ
Ƚֳȳʾϳ
ĺܣܣͶ࣬Ҳܲ˳ʱĵ¡
ǿߴˡֳȳ˵õϢ
ô᣿Ϣѩųһ𾪡
ǱٶȾͺˣһߴ·˵ҪȥѰҷ̫ʱˡ
ǿΧ
ųԿ۴⣬Ҳ˲ԣɽ
ȻûWУиWеͬѧ֪WǸƽԭͨͨɽͷûС
ڣԭûע⻹ãϸһɲһɽ
ǵùǸϽоһ½ô߰ɡų̾˿
˲˲٣ÿﶼЩꡣ
Ҳпûߴ½˵ԼĲ²⡣
ô˵ֳȳȲΪʲôô˵
½ֵ˵ͼ㿴⼸һֱŵͼߵģһӳصվȻӼվŸٵNС
ָָNеλá
ǴNгģ߾ӦõWС
Ȼû̫Ҳûκζ֤нĸ򣬵½Ƶķһ򲻴Ӧòƫȶķ
ǵġô֤ûߴأų˵
Wƽԭɽأɲߴ
֪ˣֳȳضŵͼͻȻһ⣬ǽһٶ๫ǿǳλԲٹﶼƽԭǾߴˣҲߵɽ
½Ƴһ䡣
Ǿߵɽ˰ô˵ģѩɻˡ
ӦþWС½˵
Wƽԭų½Ϊʲôô˵
ǻǵĵ𣿡½ʡ
ȻǵáǸһҲǡ
ѵǵ𣿡ֳȳһԿΪ쿪ͷ
½ֳ޵ؿһֳۣȳȲ˼Ʋͷ
Ҳ£Ӧǳ˵ؿ˶ĸıԭеĵòŰƽԭɽ
ֳȳ鲻Խص˵ͷΪҲôġ
²ƺʵʣȴֺ
Ͼǳȷʵ£˵ؿ˶Ҳûпܡ
ô죿ųʡ
½ƿһǰᶨ˵Ǽǰ߰ɣһ﾿ǲWС
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ԭӦһĳУϧһƬѩ֮ȥãϸһǲȱĽ˲ʤꡣ
ֳȳŬûб־Եĵرͽ
½ƿųǰߡ
WСWСֳȳ۶Ϲˣڿһ¶ҡ
һӡ֤½˵Ļ
ǲûߴǵ˵ؿ˶Ӷı˵εòȻƽԭɽǶôֲ
ֳȳһ¡
زڵĵشҲҺòĵشȻСӿҲ̮ˡ
½һγ
ֳȳҧҧ֪ûʲôزӦȷʵҲΡֳȳȾװûҪô죿
ˣҸطϢһ°ɡ
ҵһ̳
̳ǰĻѩ񣬿Ǳ
Сһ㡣½ѣ̳ܴ˴ڡ
Ͼûеסڿɲҡ
ʱڣеıĩ¡
½ƺųͣ˾볬΢ЩԶһõϵĻѩһαװ
ǷǳҪɲܶˡ
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һӦκͻױƷֳ̨ȳһžע⵽ų̈յģǱ˳ûˡ
ʱƽֳȳлɡ
һĻ˶֪̳϶Ǳɨˡ
Ҳ֪ûõĶ
ȥ˳
ǿյģеĻܶտҲ϶ûʣ¡
ֳȳ̾˿̫ˡ
Ϊ˳ܳԿ⣬Ҳֳһ㶼ռʵҪĿ꣡ǵĵڶͱѹθɾ˰ɡ
ֳȳпϧ
ҲеҪĿġ
ֳȳҪΪҶ·رʿġ
½ƺųڻĸĴŮװǿǴˣǲڿӶһأҲرĿ֣ѩֳȳȾЦ
ò˳ȻҪҼʵ·
ǵ֮ǰ죬һķװ϶ûж·ֳȳ̳
ϣ֮ǰǲ¼
ҵװȻд޷ϧϡϡֻʣСģ½ƺųĶȽϸߴ󣬸ϡ
ҪȥŮװѩ̲ס붺ܱûǿǣ
ֳȳȺ½ĸҲЦЦ½ƺųڵĺܻ˿˾̲ס
ų½ƶһۣȻЩƿߡ
Ǻõġ
ųײҵһСֿ⣬ȫʿĶ·
ڴʺϵ·
̳תһȦǿ˼õϵĶһЩŮƷ
ò˵ǰЩ̫ˣֱǰ̳˵ӡĹư趼ѹεĸɸɾ
ֹһʵûʲôǿõϵģ˾ȥȥطһ
ˡ½䲻һ䡣
ֳȳȲؿһۣô֪ģѵǧֳۣȳȲԼ뷨Цˡ
յһ¥ǹȻסˡ
ԷʮңӣһͷƵģÿﶼŵ
ֳȳȺѩһۣЩġ˶ĵطǷǹȻҲ࣬һӲҪˡ
ôҵĶҪôվȺмǸԲĴ׳˽п˿ڣȺ˵ϴؿֳȳһۣм˵ֺ£ҵĶҪ۵ġ
ǿϴĩǰֻ̳һֵֵ̳ͨ࣬Ȼͱ˳СҲˣڳгкȣܶѪ֮ԵɺϾܣѰʵˣһЩ˵СܣȻѳΧһȦWеһ
ֳȳĬĬط˸ۡղڸѩ˵ôһ˶ûУԭǡ
ʲôĶųǸƢ̲ס˳ڡ
ǡǿЦһ̳еһжҵġ
ʲô֤𣿡ųʾ
һǸ죬̳һжģ˵ϵһжأ
ҵȭͷ֤ݡǿԼȭͷǣҪǲµʲôͱҲ˵꣬͵һȭµ棬ѵذһ󶴡

 16 

ֳȳȲüֲôһ޿֣ͱ˵ģԭߡ
ֳȳȭͷԸ˱Ƚϡ
ҲߣȻҲмԶԶܴﵽ˵ĳ̶ȣӦǸߡ
е㲻̫öԸˡ
ֳȳȲ̾˿ĸǸͨˣѩǴܣųȻԹڻ̫СʲôãΨ½Ƶġ
½Ƶܴù𣿸ο滹ʮˣֳȳȴò̫ܡ
½ǲˡ
Ҫʲô½΢΢ü
ҪǿٺһЦĿת˶Ůϡ
ԴܣĩǰҪһжˣǽǮȨ˵ǿڹҪǰϰٱĩ̫ˣ
һǿǳô߾ûһŮأ˵ŮӢۣǿWҲǸ쵱ˣôû飿
ȻˣڵĵλȻŮǿҲ߲ܣǿе͸Ůǣ
ںˣš
ǰˣһһ޶ˣĩǰѵһˣҪ˵ĩˣǿԽԽĶĿⲻֳͣȳȺѩϴת
ʲôٿͰڳųһѾͰѩ
ǿһҪ߿ԣλŮҾͷߡ
ԭǴѩˡֳȳ뵽⣬ֹסĶġȻˣҲˣʽҲҴڸˡ
Σѩһڣ⣬ҲǸӣ
ǡǿͷΪһǳ˧ĶСˣ֪˭ôҿеߣֻҪǸң֤ĺġ
ֳȳȲЦˣҪǲأ
ֳȳһģǿϲˣһ˻ԼȭͷǾͿȭͷɡ
ֻҪǼ۵ĴˣûҲ϶ߵġ
СˣǿǰȰ㻹ҡ
δ˵꣬ǿ͡顱һ˵ϡ
ʲô˺һ
ֻǿ˲֪룬ֳȳҲһãȻ½һۡ
ϴ󡭡ϴ󡭡ϴǼϴڵһʹҲûлӦеˡ
ϴˣһ̽һϴıϢ
Ƕʱһš
ǶϴʲôһŵΡΡ˵ԴǸǿս޲ʤģǿֻҪʹܱ˾ˣȺ˸û汾£ǳӣ˭֪ߵ壬ʣµ˶Żˡ
ûʲôҪǲٽһ㡣½䵭Ƴһۣŵ̺ĵҲûץȣžડһ˵ϡ
˸Ͻǰһӡ
սսʣǣҲߣ
ʵѾԶ׼Ⱥ϶ߣҷǳ
ʣµ˶е㺦ˡ
ǶֻͨˣһҲֻϴһܣһȺϴ󶼴򲻹Ǹ򲻹Щˡ
۲ʶ̩ɽλһǲԸģϴǵġͨһ㣬ϴ·׷׿ʼġ
⻰ǲ٣ĩǰǶƽˣʵû취ͳѰʳȻϴ󣬸߻ӣǲǱвģ޴ӵ֪ˡ
ֳȳһҲϾЩǼ٣ǵĿѾɣҪߣԼţҪ¡
߰ɡֳȳȿҲûȺһۣڻǸϽ뿪Ƿ֮رȽϺá
šѩЩһۣǰ§סĸ첲
ȵȣ½ƵĻü˵ĽŲ˶٣ǵĳûжɣ½ʡ
ȺͷǣŶ̳ſڶǣôȺûɲȥǵĳ
Ⱥ㿴ңҿ㣬ɳһЩ˵ûûУֻǿǰѳͣôԶ±͵ˣͰǷﱣܡھ͸ͻȥ
ǡֳȳҪЦˣ͵˵˰Ǳܣ˵ĿǹûʡȺ˲Ųʲôвģͬۡ
Һ½һ䣬Ȼǿǳ˴
Wô˭֪ϳģ⳵ҲҲˡ
ñ֤ǵĳһ¶ûУȻų߶ܣĽ뵳һλεػ档
Щ˸ˣһ˿ɸ컬ࣺͻȥͻȥ
ôҲû뵽ôһƲ۵СﾹȻߣһɱΣһǻϵɶϴˣ
ΣһȺʵʵذѳ˻
ûԿף򲻿ţΪѩ·ͰѳߵŰֳȳǼɱҵԿá
û뵽ȺӲͷٲɣϴˣ͵ʴס
ֳȳȸϽǰһûãӿ΢ġ
λӢۣǾͷĺˣ⳵Ǹû򿪹Ը֮ǰһģһ
ѩ˫۱ȭм˵ҿû򿪣Ǵ򲻿ɣ
Һóӱ½Ƹװһֹ
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ȵȡֳȳȽסǡ
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ǣǶǡ
⸽жҴߣ
ʵʵش𣺡мٸˡ
֪лж
ҡҡͷ֪
Ҳûˡ
췿Ӳ֪˶٣öûֱܳӾͻˡ
ǰͻȻ䣬е˶ˡ
ڵ˵Wаʣˡ
ǵĵĻֳȳЩĬ߰ɡ
úúá˲䣬Ⱥ˾ֳܲȳǻƵġ
ȳȡѩֳȳȱʧ䣬ҲǳѹɤǱʲôסˣɬɬģ˵
ֳȳҡҡͷû£ֻ˽һ´
ֻû뵽ⳡѾȻô˵
̫ˣĩǰжʮ˿ڵWУ̶̰£˽ųɡ
һôĿĵ֡
㣬ȫһ˿ڹֻʣʮڡ
˭֪ⳡѻʲôʱ򣿿ֻֻһٽ
ĵͻȻӿһֽɱ
༸ǧͶ̼䣬ͻΪУδ֪ı仯ֳȳȴᵽһΣյζδǻиΣյȴǡ
ֳȳȳ̾Խûж಻ףѩֱۣҲ룬ǣǵļǻߣˡ
ѩͬеص˵ͷ

 17 

ڳҸطϢһҹǾֳ֮ȳǵ˻͵Ϯҹ˳ǡ
Ծͼ·ˣֱڶϣǲ˸Ϣĵط
ڵʱպ·һǽϡ٣ֻȼǶû̮ǿһƬѩɫ֮СֳȳǾҹˡ
ʰʱųԷʬ壬Ϊ䣬ʬ廹ǰӣǱġ
ôǽס˼ҵķӣų½Ժ˸ӣʬˡ
ֳȳȺѩûҿ⻹һֱˣô̵ķʽ
ѩݣĺˡ
ǰֳȳȳ̾һֻԽԽء
ͻĴѩѾʹɥʣҲѰ
䣬һͷϵĳʱ׼ȡ˵
رǼ
ԭ͸ɺ꣬ʳǿ㹩Ӧϣѩۿû¸ڻˣҲû취ֵء
ڴѩ˽ͨÿ˶ڼֻɽա
Ҳ֪쾿ʲôʱᵽ
ȵһ죬ִʮʣ¶٣
ֳȳ۾ЩãΪʲôᷢⳡأȹⳡô
ֳȳȲ̾һֻǿȫҲܲ˱˵ֻĬĬѣ˻Ǵһ
ٶȣϾܵSˡųָŵͼ¶⼸ĵһЦݡ
SУвԶˡ
ȷûߴɣѩĵһ䡣
ųһ£Ӧûаɡ
ѩЩ͵̫ѨĵǣԴӷWиı˵Σ춼ڷ
пƱͲߣȲ˵ûݵΣգѩĵľµХ
лǸҵĳУʳڣҼһʳ࣬ҲûдϰߡôùȥˣʳӦͳ˰ɡ
Խ룬ѩԽġ
Ҳ֪ĸĸôˡ
ˣǸϴô£ôͻȻˣѩͻȻ⡣
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̫ˣѩ˴Ĵָ
ֳȳҲͬصͷܲɱǿرܻˣֳȳȺҪû½Ƶһ֣ѾɱϴҲ׵شWѡ
ҲųʾҪ¶һ֣Ⱥ˸ô
Уһ֪㡣ѩҲǸδǻܼ𣿡
ųǺȴ޷Ϊȷʵֲӡ
㻹Ůôҡųеί
˺ˣҴˣ˺òãΪ˷ֹѩֻú˺
ȻеܣųĴûƽϣֻҪŮѿ˾С
Աߵֳȳȿ͵͵ЦһƫͷԱߵ½ڿ
۾佱
ֳȳװûתͷĸ˵˻
֪Ϊʲôĸе㲻̫Ծ̫ˣ
ֳȳҲۣ˽һڵĳγ֢ˡ
½ƼֳȳȲָʶȳȣһ±ӡ
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̣ҡ½Ƽʹɱﵡ
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½ɫСӣ滹ֳȳϵ¶ȣЦˡ
ҲƽϣͰСӸԼϡ
Сưո˵ʲôţĸ˵һ룬ѯ
ҡ
ʲô˵ֳȳȸϽ½ƵĻ
⺢ӣû㡣ĸһ£С⣬˵ʲô˵ɡ
ҡ
ˡֳȳֲһ䡣
졣ĸһ䣬Ϊһųԣ
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ˣ̣ȳ˵ҲûҾˡ½Χ
ֳȳȲŲ飬Ϊű׵ģܳʣΪ֪ʲô⡣
ĸ̾˿ͷﻹԵ⣿еĳԾͲˣͳԡ
лл̡½΢΢촽Цĸɡ
ֳȳȲŵĿĸߵ㶼
ڷ½ͳԣ˭ģֳȳеԴס
ĸƳһۣ˵㻹˼˵鷳ֲǲ֪Լȥ
ֳȳȸˡҳĸ⣬ֻúݺݵصһ½ơ
̣˵½һ˵һ߹۲ֳȳȵı飬һ𾪣һĵı飬ûסЦ
½Ʋٶɫ˵̣ǲ鲻̫ð
ֳȳȲؿĸ
ֻĸ̫˵Ϊһֱˡ
⺢Ŀϸĸûзϡ
ôˣ裬Ϊʲôˣֳȳе
ĸӦ鲻һʱˣڲ֪˵֪ģһְŮ
ҲûʲôǾඡĸɵ˵ŲɵĻ⡣
裬˵ʲôأ㻹أһȥ˶Ϊãˣ
ϲϣԼ֪ĸԴĿͨ͸
衭ֳȳȿˡ֪ʲôܲ
ֳȳһѱס׼˵Լϡ
СǱĸһģСҲû뿪ĸߣĸĸ鲻ν
úúãԺ󶼲˵ˡĸֳȳȵıεؿ½ƣ˿Цˡ
½ҡҡͷĸؽ黳
е㺦£øһ
ֳȳһЦ˳ôСƵģҼǵǰӿɴˣ˵ˣⲻأŮߣ
ǣԺɾͿˣһء
ˣ裬׼˵⡣ֳȳӾͷ
ƽʮ꣬ôһôߣ
ɲŶʮһ
ɲ֪Ϊʲôʶؿ½һۣöЦĿ⣬ŵϽתͷ
˺ˣ費˵ˣ⺢ӶôͲܴˣˣȥ˯˰ɣúҹȥ
ֳȳȲؾ졣

 18 

ĺĴŴڳŵҹԵøĴ̶ڼ˶ѾϤȻܹ˯
ǰҹֳȳȺ½ء
ллˡֳȳ˺þõ˼׼ɰͰ͵ض½˵ллҪ½ƣ֪ĸĵ£Ӧö½˵л
û¶½ҡҡͷĿᣬңҲҸġ
С㣡ֳȳȸϽƵĿԷͻȻ
ô±֪Ĺϵ½Ʋ֪ʱ˹ֳȳȶ˵
ֳȳȾöеƫƫͷ㶼Ӧˣܲ˵ɡ
аɡ½̾˿ǣܲܶأţ
ֳȳûôе飺ⲻǺ±˷
ǺãǶ˯ˣǲǸñʾʾ
ôʾֳȳֲԤС
š˵ң½ƴԲѵ˵
ֳȳʱԸӣ˲ôĵĲʺƨۣ㳬ģֱǳ䲻⣬޲ˣս޲ʤ߰˳ߣ縵ۡ
ͣ½ƼԽ˵Խ֣Ͻͣٷ˵ȥ֪˵Щʲô߰Ļ
ٺ١ֳȳȲ˼ЦЦе̫ˡ
½̲סͷֳȳʶض㿪ˡ
½ҲΣµֳ֣ȳȣ֪ô𣿡
ֳȳ۾˲ˣʵرˣֻһֱû˼ʡ˵ͷ룬ô֪һ¥˵ģ
Ҳһֳȳȷǳ׵ĵط
ҰѾ½ϸϸؽһ顣
Ȼǿȫõ
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һһСģɾͳɵӣ
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ŶֳȳȹԹԵر۾ȻҲ֪ΪʲôҪۡ
½Ƶͷֳȳһۣ۾һɵģһ̲ˮ
׾ٵأľͽֳȳȵĴԣСزݾߡ
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ֳȳȵˡ
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ЦʲôֳȳȲ
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㿴ԴǸ𣿡ȻǸľֳȳȲʡ
ˡ
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𣿡
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쿴ֳȳȴߴ
½ֻüһԼţãⷽҲͦȤģԺ˭ϴó
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ͬɫҲǲһģҲ֪ɫʲôɫСѩųҲɡֳȳȸ
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ɿɣҺˡֳȳһſڣ⻰ԵȻһ
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ãֳȳڷˡ̫ˣ
ԣ˯һ½̲סֳȳȵԴ
ֳȳԸ˰̲ס˯⣬˯˹ȥ
½ƿŻֳȳȰ˯գĻϲ鲻Խͷһǡ
ֳȳʱѾ΢΢ˡȻ˯һҹҹôİ඼֪̫ˣ
Уǵ˯ŵʱ½ƻѩųῴ˰ɣ
ֳȳе
ӣԷкóԵģϲѩ˷ܵغ
ʲôóԵģֳȳȤ
֪ˡѩӡ                        
лҪ˵Ԥģpick me
İͶ·Խ֮²һŮѡ밲ȵز伸ٷ׬㻨ǮһְڻңôԽԽǰأ
һι̨ϣԽ̨Ϊķ˿ƴȫ
˭˵ֻżܸ˿ʱ򣬷˿żĻࡣ
Ůרעҵ
ƪ׼ģϲȦĵСʹղһл
ⱾȻûʲô˿ոģ뻹ոո
ϣϲƪĵСʹԸղأҲԸʲôģҲԣһ㶼ĵġǡ

 19 

ֳȳȲ̽һ䣺ϣ˯ȥˣǲ˼
ʲôѽʲôʱôˣѩǸ¶ϾҹʱҲ˯š
ôѽֳȳȼ̽
ôģȻ½Ʊİ
ֳȳ˲˻š
˵½Ҳǣ㶼˯˻֪ǵ㶫һð˿ô죿а㱧Ը⣬ǣѩƲƲ죬ûмôûзȵ
ֳȳȳһûб־ͺã½ƵԶš
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֪½иϲŮдֵܼһϷ֪ģʣ½ƾʲôҲ˵ˡ
ˣ½ϲľĸŮһֱǸδ֮ա
аɡѩεط˰ԡ
ߣֳȳȵ˼š
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ǵģôø︺ҽڷֶ˼ˡ
ȳȣʲôأٶ챻㾾ͺˡĸ⺢ӴӺе㲻ԾԿͷˣ
ֳȳŻع񣬿бһϢ٣Ͻ֣ûУҾǡżʲôܵа
ҲûãȫҪ
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һֳȳȵ˼ˣϵСʼۡ
˺üˣۿҪˣˡҪ
ֳȳȸϽʹܣһϢ;˲١
ֳȳ΢˵ġ

 20 

ȥ˼룬ֳȳȿʼר־ϰܡ
ĿǰֻҵһܵķǲͣͷܣֱһգȻܻģܶʼ
ͨʱ䲻ϵϰֳȳȾԼԵ
֮ǰþܿԴٽֲµĳɳڣڶ죬ȻǺܲˣֳȳȶԴ˻⡣
ʻٶȻɻǼ˻˳ص˽ȶĿĵء
ֳֵȳȺ½غҹ
ҹһֳ࣬ȳȴӴոѣЩԺģ˰ѩϴϴ
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ǼȥϴųŹǷ˵

 21 

ǼȿųıӰʧǰ½ֳȳȡ
ֳȳȲһۣȻ˫Ȼľ״̬½ưĦˣˣԼС
ۿĸѩҪˣɶǻ۽𾦣ųôúŪҪ½ƸĦɾͻ춼˵ˡ
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ֳȳһľ˫ȣһ۵ٶһζ̫ˡ
½ƿЩЦɸۣˮëϣëһ󣬵Ȼһ˾վߣһֱҲûʲôá
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½εҡҡͷ
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ģǾѾԽԽˡ
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ѰгҪһˡ⼸γëַˣÿܵĲУǿγҩӣγҩҲˣֳȳе꣬ȥ۶ôһ·أô
ڿ쵽ˣ֮ǰûõô󡣡ų̾
ĩǰĽͨٶѾܿˣʹĽͨҲǸȫһȦò˶ʮСʱ
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װԲ˳Լȴˡ
ԲԼ˸ףһ𣬲Ӵ˸ɷߡĩµʱ䣬ɷĸı䡣Ȼë֮ǰɺ̫ˡ
ͱ죬ҪǰԲӿ϶˵ֱȥˣڣֻ˵˵
̫ۡ
СҲ룬ʱܳģǼҲģбµġ
⸽ֵֻסӵܣһû˸Ⱥ˹Աܳ⣬гܴбµˣȻôơסķԶһô룬ɺô򵥵¡
ǵģֳȳһһ壬ɷֵ֪ˣֻǼסԶû¶ǲ鷳

 22 

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ż˵ıӰ˶ʱֺġ
ţôˣʡ
û¶겻Ƕô߲ˡ
Ҳǣٺ١Цһ
ѩôû˻ôᣬһҪݺݵʰһ٣Ŷݺݵ˵
ǣҲＸ
ǰȻҶײ̣޷졣
һСѾͷƬӶѣһָͷܰ
˵Ŀ佱ԽԵá
ߣѩߣ겻ͣ
㣬ʲôѽôܶײأ걧Թȥ̵Ǹ˵ţѩߡ
ѩſ֣ͣ½ŲʣС꣬ôˣʲộǸţҪ
㣬ģ
㡭
ۿҪֳȳȸϽסǣҸط˵ɡ
ǻءǻؾƵꡣ
ʲôأƨѩһ䡣
ˣŵò˵
ҵһû˵ľңʱס˽ȥ
֪Ҫ̸ģֳȳʰ˼ȥ˵ʣµʰ
㣬ˣСʡ
ûУֻǲ˵ʲô̵ģôô
ûǡ
ˣҲ˵˵֮¶ɣаǡѩԽԽ͡
˵ĸҲǡ
ϣó˵㶫·ϣˡϻؼҵʱ򣬷ѾˣһȦΧҴߣûǵĸĸڷ֮ҵ˸ĸʬ塣
һ˵һ߿ޣѩҲһһ߿ޡ
Ѿﻺ壬ܻܣûиտʼô˺ѷˡ
ѩΪĸöˣľ춼ˣɺûţ־ǲġ
ѩһúȥһᾡԼȥչ
ʱôѩС۵˵˺öࡣ
һӿ޵ίſصؿ
ѩһ֪˺ܶίıˣˣԣأԺ㲻ίˣһŬϺӣӽų磬Ƕᱣġ
ƵءšһȻһʱ
Ϊˣ޴ȥҲûгԵģ䣬ͶˡͻȻȻĳԵĲ࣬ôû
ȻϾ㣬ʲô˼ɣѩǳɡ
ûûСǺһѡ
ۻر𻵡žãѩ΢˵Ĺۡ
ǵģ㣬ҿңԿҵķϣԺܲܿһ갧
ѩͷȻĺᣬķϣģԺ󲻻ˡ
лл㡣Цˡ                        
лҪ˵лֻèӪҺо

 23 

ǲˣüľ⣬ѩʡ
ţԴӰô˯á괹۾˵
ѩ⻰ֿ޳̣ƽ˯һɣ￴㡣
ͷµʱ򻹽סѩ֡
£㲻ߡѩⲻӣۼˡ
رۡ
ƵСѩرܡǰƯˡ
ʵĹϵֻһ㣬˵ͳӵĹϵҪȺĻҪһ㡣
ѩֻ꣬С˾Ǵ򵽴ģЩͥСԽϵԽãǣһֵˮݵĵزѩ˴ѧ֮˵Ĺϵźһ㡣
ûϵȻѩҲһ
˭뵽޳ֻʣһˡ
쿴˲ٿ࣬ۻˣԺʣΪˣöһ
С˯ˣֳȳƿţڴϣСһ䡣
š
û¶ɣ
ûɶ£ǳ˵ࡣѩҡҡͷ˵ĻСĸֳȳ˵һ顣
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ˣ˵Ҫӳԡ
ۡѩ۾ˣӰǽӣ뵽ǸζˮҪˣҰˡ
ѩֳȳȹƿ⻰׿˵ȥ
ˣҪæߦƤ
û¶ĸ㹻ˣúչСС
˯˺һˣû¶ȥǡ
ذŴϡ
ȻСнӳһܸˡ
㲻Ҳܸˣ
˵ĸ㲻Ƶġ
˵ԽԽԶ
ֵģĸ׼ˣųڶ⣬½ں档
ϧͷһ⣬ˮˣˣֱԽԽ
ֳ͡ȳ̲סЦ˳
Цʲôѩ
һ¡˵иѧ棬˵ˮ˾ͷ棬˾ͷˮȻͿʼͣôҲղˮˣˣˮ˾ͷ棬˾ͷˮѭѼеۻҲûͳɡ
̲ס½ƣԽԽȴȻ͵ţЦ
½ƣ˵ĿܷСĽ֡
ð㾹ȻҳЦ½ơЦ֮ѩе㾪ȡ
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½ε̯մ۵֣ȷʵ档
ôûأҪ˵ˡ
죬ӣչֵʱˡѩֲ¶ʹֳȳȡ
ֳȳȸ˵ͱĸˡ
ɱҲ˵˵Сءĸز
ֳȳе죬ǵģܸܲӣ
ЦֻһγЦĶ½Ʊֳȳȡ
ֳȳ̲סԹôҵĶ̡
ţҲ裬Ҽġĸ˿ӡ
һγ˻Ц
˭˵Ҳģ¶һָǿֳȳȱЦսʶûԹ⻹ûܰĸôˣͲˡ
˵ţֳȳȾߣӡ
½ȴû᣺ˣҶմˣ㲻ָ
ֳȳΪѵͬˣаɡ
һ鷭ҲԽԽ趼װˡ
ĸ޿ֵ̣ˮıȻʹڡ
ںͺ棬Ҳ˽ڣΧһԿʼӡ
ֳȳȣ½ƣųĸߦƤĸѩ
ߵ¶Ѿˣʲôʱȥ۶ѩʡ
ĸĸȻȥˣ˵ûţѾˡųĸĸ֪ôļԼҲһֱѾˣǾɡȥһ죬Ҳ簲һ졣
˻࿴һۣİǾһͳ
˭֪δᷢʲô
·ϵĻѩЩˣ·ð͹ƽģԽԽߣǻá
˽ӣĸ˼СˣһͬѰʱڣν쳣ˡ
¹ʱѩȥ𴲡
ܣӽ衣
̺ãӽãʱ鷳չҽˡ
úӣථ¶ĸһ䡣
½ƣճ㶼С
½ƣѧǸ½𣿡꿴ǳľϲ۾ˡ
½ƿһۣ΢΢˵ͷ
Ȼˣķ˿ҿÿһҺϲƵǸŶ
лл½ƿصлȻһһޱֳȳȣ΢΢һЦ
ֳȳµתͷ͵ûǿԭôСﻶӭ
ѩ½˵½ƿʼż˵ˡ
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Ƚ꣬ͿʼԷһɫ޵ķˣ˶̲סʿˮ
ۣôʢ꾪
ĩǰһҲõóִ͵ġ
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ѩЩᣬǰһôСﰡڱôС
˺ˣˣԺҲᰤˣԺԽԽõġ
Сѩ˵ĶԡֳȳȰŻգҸϽ԰ɣô䣬˿ɾͲóˡ
šѩᣬصصһͷԺһԽԽõġ
ٿÿӾͿʼԡ
أóԡ곢˾Υ㣬ӿˡ
ҾҳԹóԵĽӡ
ҾԲˡ
̾ʱĸ̵ġ
ŲˣĺҲԽԽ
һȺȷʵһ㣬㣬Ե⡣
Ļ߲ˣ߲˳ˬɿڣرʣǸոմӳӡôģ
浽Ǳѩصģôʵ߲ˣô࣡
ţ̲סʳ˿ڡ
նʱһ
ôˣСʣǲ˵ʲô
ûûУҵֳȳȰڰ֣˵ľϵܣԴֲԣǼﲻȱ˳ԡ
ۣӽ㣬㾹ȻܣŶ
ٺ٣һ
Ҳܣǻϵų̲סδСǰ԰ڣϣܶӼ֡
۾ɵøˣۣҲŶ˵ϵǷǳܡ
ǣȷʵųһ̲סƮˣҲŶ½Ƹ磬ҲС                        
лҪ˵лèèӪҺо

 24 

꾪ȵͶˡ
Ϲһ㶼ѩ²۵
ǽ㣬ʲôѽ
ǿռϵѩգգ۾
ۣԲƾճôණȻ𾪵ǣͷȻĸܣҪ֪ôҲֻߣ
½Ƹأ½Ƹ磬ʲôܣڴʡ
½˹Ĳˣ˵Ǿϵ
½Ƹ磬˵ϵˣ
š½Ƶشһ䣬ֿʼԡ
ѩ·Ҳ⣬
Ǻĸ˶ܣôİ
֪Ѫ֮һˡ
ϧûܡ۾
ôᣡ˵һ˯Ѿأ˵ˣǶᱣġѩο
԰ǶᱣġųֳȳҲŸ͡
꿴½ơ
½ڳǰĽӣһһԵر𣬷·ûע˵ʲô
ʧջĿ⡣
顣ͻȻ
ֳȳȺѩһۣͷԾ衣
ӦǡС˵·Щ¡
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ЦһҺôãԴõľ˿²̫ðɡ
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۾һ˿̰
⻹ѩŭĿӣ˿ɲҪ̫̰ģ
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Ժôʰӡ
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㣬ǲЩߵѩǰСʣԲҡ
ѩס֣ҡҡͷҲЩҾһҾ
Ҫ㣬һ׶
ѩ˵ôҾһӶԭ²
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Ժѩÿκ¶涼Գܽ
˵ģҪǿķϣֱܺӴôԸˣ
㡭
ˣ˵ˣʰʰϽ˯ɣһ͵ߡ
˵ʵֳȳҲӴˣʲôУŹǻûͱˡ
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Դܣֳȳĸʶ˴󲿷ֵǽһọ́˻Щƣˡ
ֳȳȼһ£ҽúϢֵҹˡ
ȫȻǺҪġ
䷿ӵűƻˣûƻҲǲһ½Ҳô£һǾҪˣſڰװһССı
½ƺųһ䷿ѩһ䷿ֳȳȺĸһ䷿
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֮ǰ꽿ֽȻе㲻̫ദһǺܴĺӣڣսսģ࣬Ҳ֪ʱ䷢ʲô
һߣѩڴġ
˾ñط꣬Ȼ֮ǰϵ̫ã˴ѣ˳˱˴ΨһˣǵĹϵͻȻ׽ࡣ
ѩ״̬̫ã۵ͷ
϶˺ܶɡ
⻰ίˣһĵ
û۸ɡ
ԥ£Ȼҡҡͷ

 25 

ѩӾ֪û˵ʵƭˣܺĵȥ
㣬Ļãǡ
ôˣ㵹˵ѽҪǸ۸õȥ
ǲҳԱ˵˵ҪҸյϱ
ŵĶӡ
ʲôѩһһû۸ɡ
ϽҡͷûûУӣҲұң첻ҷԣҡ
һȺѩŭ쵰ҲԼ˭⡣
㿪ʼʱô˵˵ҷǵȥЩʳι˹ˡ
ܣ¡
ˡѩ̾˿Դţ㱨ġ
㣬á˽
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ˣô¶ѩ֪ġ
ǰ˺״̬λȴƵģ˹ά
Ľ£ѩˣЦһˡ
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浱̫Ƶġѩ²ۡ
ˣ㣬ǲˣҲ˵˵ʲô½Ƹ硭ӽǵġ
һ˵˵˰ҹ
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дԼʮˣߣֱϵһϵһˮϵһϵ
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·ֳȳȵƵģƬ̣顱һ˵ϡ
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½ƵľȻãȱҲ١ǺķܱȽϴǵ幥Ҳ˵һֻɱһˡ
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Уһúý̡ųһڴӦЦŮѷǲǱ
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һ۶ȥ                        
лҪ˵գԤϲҲղһ¡л

 26 

·ϵĻѩڻˣԭƽѩرÿӿݵģ·ԽԽߡ
ֳȳںɫ԰׵ѿ
γëַˣθ﷭Ƶܡ
ĸۻˣҪԵѹһѹ
ֳȳȰڰ֡
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ټҲϲѣֳȳȰÿѶһԡ
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һγԹժ׼ָʱ½ֹԼԡ
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ҪѩãҲܡ
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γûôš
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ܰɡѩ̾˿
Ҳûãֻ
ˣԺԼԣ㿴㣬⼸γεĶһȦѩֳȳһȦС۵˵
ôšֳȳȲŲ⻰ѩı飬ֻø˿ڣɣСθںˣҾԼԣаɣʱһŶָǣ
аɡѩֳȳ˵ֻͬˡ
겻֪ʳ˳θôţθһֱûãֳȳȼԽˣְѴ󲿷Ѷ˺ü졣
⼸½ɫҲһֱģϺֳȳһҹʱһֱûɫ
ֳȳҲ֪ôô½ƶ䵭Ҳ˵Ҳһʼƽ
ҲͦãʡĵѩǷ飬˵䵭䵭ţ½ƾᷳˣ͸أҲķˣ
룬ͦõģֳȳȺ⡣
˵ص죬ֳȳȾýγ֮ǰĶҪأʹ˼ˮѹǹܾȴԭԽܣ˯ѹܵĸоôŶ˯š
ȳȣôˣĸ⸱ܵӣرľġ
ֳȳͣ˵һ³
ǰ½ͨӾһĻǵĿⲻסϣĵ׵͵͵̾˿ԵͷվǲģǰAУϢɡ
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ѩһôˣ
γֵáĸ̾˿е㷢ȥɲǰ취
ôôأѩеʣ֮ǰֳȳȻҲγҲû
ֳȳذڰ֣ҿ˵һ³
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ȷݰɡĸѩһһ߰ݡ
ӽ㣬ôҲ˹һǡ
ӽγˡѩֳȳȻش𣬡ˣԺˣӽγε̫ˣԵһ㡣
ӽ㣬Բ𡣡һ˵ı飬ԲҲ֪γôԺҲˣҾǳԵһ㣬Ҳûʲô£ٳԵ㻹ʡʳ
ֳȳȺ˵ˮʹѹѹӿϺζ˵Ͻ֣ûûУʵһǿеأϢһͺˡɵöԵôݣʳأʡ
ܻô໰֪ʱ½Ҳˣһ֧ǣݸֳȳȡ
ѩһϲؽ˹ͽֳȳȵۣĿǣ
Ա߲ԶиУʵʱÿˡ
ллллллѩĵ˵
½ƿ˿ֳȳȴĽëû˵ʲô˳ȥ
ѩĿǣֳȳ˵½˻ͦõ
԰½ƸáҲŸͣ⻹ҵһο½Ƹء
УС⺢ϿŲԣʵǸȵĺúӡĸСƾأǶ֪ɡ
½Ƹ绹ţ꾪ϲʡ
ᣬǰףӣȻЩСˣȳȶ֪ء
ֳȳȺſǣھԼֻ˻ĸ⻰ЩԴˣôϲȥŮȲֲġ
㿴⺢ӡĸ˵Ķͷ˵ʲô
ѩԱЦ̣ǳԴأҲͺˡ
ѩ治ֳȳȵغýã˼µһ
ĹˣҲӺĸ˵һ䣬ʵͷ֪жˡ
УҾͿ㣬ԽԽ¶ˡ
ǰ̣Ҳ¡ѩŴ֡
СѩԽԽƯඡ
У裬ƾʲôСѩƯͿҶأҲ
ǰڵһĻҲһЦˡ

 27 

ϰֵҹʱһССִ
˵ѩصأΧûʲôˣҲðҹ˶ĵ£Ǽÿ춼ҹ
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˽ֲµʱ˵ˣǲӽֵҹɡ
ֳȳȲͬ⣺廹ûء
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ֳȳȻǲͬ⡣
ѩ˵ͦԣӣذɣĺˣ˵ˣ½ƿأµġ
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꿪ĵһӱģ˶Цˡ
ҹʱ½ߴߴ˵ͣ
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½Ƹ磬ôõİ
½Ƹ磬ںÿģһʱⱲĵˡ
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Ǵӳص죬Ϊѩڣ·ò̫ߣӦģǵٶҲƻܵ۶
ֳȳȽΪпǺѵ˫ӳ֣첻ôγˣȤ·ߵķ羰
ѩڣöණҲؼա
һָֻ٣һֻڴдд
ôԽԽȥˣĸ²
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ֳȳȺٺֱЦɲǡ
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ĸϴһƣ⺢ӣл̬𣿡
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û취ǵθڶ˲٣Բ䣬Щ֧Ųǵ۶
ⶥѰʵʱֵģǵʱǻ¶޽ͷķգǲϧʹһЩ⣬ŰѩĿռ䡣
ֵõģⲻó
ҲҲסʱСĳ˯ˡ
г̵ҸһӾ͵õ˺ܴ
·ԽԽˡѩ²ۣ㱻ˡ
ʵõķ룬ѩ˵ءֳȳȷǳֹ۵룬Ϳ¿ʼҵˡľϵҲϴôˡ
˵ֵˮƽһ¥أţֳȳȲ¶Цݡ
ϣ˰ɡѩҲԵϣ˵
ֵҹȻԭ
껹ֵѩȷ
ҿԺͽ㻹гҲԲġ
ûܣûͲֵҹˡ½һľˡ
ƲƲ죬ǳĲؿ飺ΪûܾͿңҲǶһӡ
ѩȰôǿأҹûô򵥣˵ˣûܣֲ̫ãÿֵҹܲ˵ġ
ͣû˵ֻЦһ˵˵ȥΪûܣ
ҪҲܾͺˡ                        
лҪ˵±Ԥո˸İȤĿղһ£
Ҫ
Ͷ·ǳ֮²һŮѡ밲ȵز伸ٷ׬㻨ǮһְڻңôԽԽأ
ǳһڹ̨˶ʱ򣬴ӹϯһǳǳ谮㣡
ŵǳ˳ƾ˽šԽһͿȻ漣ģȫһ
ǳ޳
ôŬˣôǲ̭أ
PSŮǻƿһһɳա

 28 

ֳȳȺ½ƽȻغҹ
𴲾Ϳ½Ѿ˻ԣҲûһֱۣһߡ½ƵĿһֱϣҲһֱ𴦡
ң½εЦЦ治֪ԾȻô
ֳȳȡߡһȲҵ𣿡
ҲͲˣ
㲻ңƾʲô㣿ֳȳȷ
½ƲϹΪʲôϧԼ壿
òġֳȳȾԼе
ԼҲ֪½ǹӲ
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ֳȳȸ˵ǣɿ½ѹı飬֪ΪΣЩ˵һ䣺ҵԼ֪
½ͻȻվ
ֳȳһ
½һ粽ߵֳȳӵ̾һ˵ҵ㡭
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Сûĵġ
˵˭ûģ
˵㡣ȥҵĿ㲻˵лҲͰˣһֱ
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ǣ˵û㻹ϡ½Ƽ̬ԽԽЦһ
ֳȳȡߡһ
½Ƽ̬ȣ֪ѾǰӲ˼Ǹѡ
ξˣ´Ρ½ƾԺټ֪ϧԼ壬ôѵ
ˣ֪ˡֳȳֻͷһûôϧԼ½ʲôʮĻ¶һ
УԺҡҿѡ
Ȳҵġ
ҲͲˣ

֪ôģ˾ͺͺˣֳȳȷӦˡ
ڰ죬ֳȳһڵִ˵۶
۶Ҫһ·ĴлҪء
ȻҲвٽﱻƻˣԶûе۶ĴĿġ
ֻԭһ޼ʵƽԭͻȻͰݽȥһ飬۶λܱߵ׶ߣԶԶȥһδɵķĹ߽һеĽﶼǼƲģȥǽĲк
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һԽԽʹ
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ǲסʵǸȫûһס˵ķӡ
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ֳȳȼƲ˵һѾͳס½Ƶĸ첲ߣǸϽɲܵʱ䡣

 29 

˵ıӰ۾Щɬ
˵½ƸͳӽĹϵá
ѩʰ꣬⻰һ䣺ûãϾദôˣһ龭ô¶
һµദǼĹϵһ㲻ˣҲǻεˣôһͬʹ಻ǡ
һʣ½Ƹǲϲӽ㰡
ѩ͵̧ͷؿûаɣΪʲô룿
ѩʶָͷǡǾ½ƸԴǶͦ䵭ģԳӽͺܲһ
ﲻһˣҾ˵̬ȶͦһġѩǺһЦ½䵭˵ѡ
տʼʱѩҲ½ƺ䵭ܲô򽻵һµദ֮͸ıʵ½ƾǣţĸĻȡ
Ŷͷҿ½Ƹͦչ˳ӽģǰӽγȥ˿ǡ
˵𣿾Ѽʵʱ˳õġڹϵͦõģ½ǰԳӱȶ㻹䵭أ
𣿡˫۷
ġѩøֳȳȺ½֮ǰ£ʹµ˵һ£ʡϹ롣
ǳӽϲ½Ƹ𣿡
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ΪʲôʣϾ½Ƹô˧ô
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һĻҲ˵ôˣ
ôô룿ѩ
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ѩؿüۣ˵ʶԼĴͺá
һ
Ҫϲ½ƣŬȥȡһЩбġѩ˵
۾һǽ㣬𣿡
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ܲܳɾһ¶ˣ֪𣿡ѩѻ˵ǰͷ
֪֪㣬õĽˡҪǮƵ˵һͨ
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ѩ˵ûԼʤһ㡣
ѩҡҡͷŮ½ƣ̾˿
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øƨֳȳ̲ס˵˾໰
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һ㣬ҾͲˡ½ס֡
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ǰȺڵ۶Ҵ߻صһСӣÿǳѰʡƾŵͼڷѰԴ㣬ҲǳУ̳ЩطҵʴصҴ߻ء
ֻҴ߻ܱߵԴѾĲˣǽ첻òߵԶһ㡣ûа׷ѣǽҵԴûôѾ˳Ҳ٣㹻Ⱥ˰˸ü졣
һһȺ˾ʹһõҴ߻ظϡ
ֳȳȺ½˸Ⱥм䱣һǧ׾롣
֪˶ãȺͣ
ֳȳȿǰĽȻ򣬹ֲôһ˶û۶ҴǶˡ
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֮ǰڵ۶ϹѧȻ֪
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ֳȳȻǵȺ˵õȫǸĽģȫȫס
ȷʵû
ô죿ֳȳʡ

 30 

½Ƴ˼Ƭ˵ȻȥųǱߵһô졣
ܲɿֳȳȻ˻һ֡
½ƳһۣΪʲô
쵽ˣ±˿ˡֳȳȷǳ
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ѽǣźܡ
ʵһ㶼ܣ½ƵִȣůģɾֳȳûɵЩš
һơ˵ţ½ưѴְСֵƱ˺ʮָۡ
ֳȳȾñȸղŻŤ˵ʲô½˵𣿡
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˵ֳ֣ȳһӱ½ƽع˻
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½ԽԽӣֳȳȸϽˣֲ֣Ҹո˵ġûаѱء
ߡ½һԺٸ˵Ҿʹƨɡ
ֳȳȵɴ۾½ƻ˵Ļô
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½ųؼ򣬡һȡϣûҵ尢ǣǾȥ԰￴
˭Ҳ֪԰ô½ƾûһ㣬ȷһ¾¥Ϊá
ųҲ˵ͷллˡΪԸⱼôùһѰҼˡ
ԺСѩþлֳȳȿЦ˵
ǣԺöСѩáųĵصͷǰһȺѣŮˡ
ѩסֳȳȣж˵ӣ̫ˡǺεºӵɽãԺһӱá
Ծˡ
ǿɲУ첻ˡ
ȥȥȥֳȳƿ˵˻
ѸղŸų˵Ļջأ
Ϊ֪һ˶ûУֳȳȼģҲҹˣڵ¶޵ƬȽϿտӦҲʲô⡣
һ·Ǽʶ˸ָ£ʵնĸֵ˼Ҳûֱȥ԰ԭ֮һ
Ƭ¥ķʱ䡣
һ䣬жһ
ѼʬУûųĸӰһϢ
󣬼˰ʬڷźãųһѻˡ
ϺЩʬ岢ûиñΣвųϤģųž̲סᡣ
ˣܸҲ̫ѹˣ尢̲Ӧø˲ǡѩο
ųֻе㴥飬ѩĻܿʰ
뵽ĸкܴĿܻţų˷롣
ʲôʱȥ԰Ȳʡ
½Ƴ˼Ƭ̣˵ɡ
ڶһ磬ֳȳǰѶʰþͿʼ԰ϡ
԰ŴԼʮңǱסˡ
ʾID˵ǸֵŮˣֳȳȶ࿴ۡ
ѩǰһЦ˵˼ǸոմйģIDʲô
ŮһĿǣֲÿôǾȻǴйģ·ܲ߰ɣǱߵô
ѩ̾˿·ĺߣǱߵҪһЩ
Ů˵˵ͷƢ˵ҽеȻǵһסҾ͸ǽһĹء
Ⱥ˴ôԶиϹԼбµģԸύһǣǼ൱ơ
ڵĽ£ֳȳǼ˽԰ء
죬ȫ۶˿ֻ֮С
Ϊ۶ٷĽȼߣһĵΪݣ۶еķӶƻˣ󲿷˶ɥûûбҲûȥ
˭֪УͻȻ䣬ҴҲ׷׶ǳѩҹ۶˿ھ
ڵ۶˿ڷǳӴ󣬼ʹǴģҲǺܴһ֡
뵽԰˵ȫȫĳ
һķǡڵݵķΧıԵȻõģҴ߷׷԰
ɾס԰ĲǸȨЩͨ˵Ӳǲ
ֳȳҲܲµ
϶ҴȺ֮ƿ԰İϵͳɹ԰ס
ֳȳȲµĲչġ
԰һֱܻңֱѪ֮Щ˼ܣ԰Žȶ
԰һ½ϵƹšǿոһߣҲ԰
ҪסĻҪһʳÿÿʮס̫ãҪסĺһ㣬Զʳ
ˣ֮𣿡һ䡣
ֳȳȼ࿴һ˵С
һܵĻдʲô͵ܡ̬ȸ˵㣬ǻؿܺܺõĴأֻҪÿÿ½ɶʮͿסBסˣͨҪסBסҪʮʳء

 31 

˵û˵ģˣ
˵ûСλ𣿡
ѩųһ˵ǵģǴйΪǵģһֱûҵ
Եһ£ҰһIDϢ
ллллųָм
һǸ˵ԲҸողһ£ûˡ
ǵ۶бҴ߻𣿡
ҡҡͷ
ųʱʧ
ֳȳȰοҲżһң԰ȻûУ尢̾Ͳˡ
ˣͻȻһ¶ЩͼFס𣬾˸طסԡ
ų۾ͻȻԣҸĸпܻŵģԲԣ
ͷȷʵܡ
ֻǿرСˡ
ˣ˵Ҷ𣿡
Ȼҡҡͷ
ųʧˣҶ½ƵĺѣҲһֱڵ۶
ǻס𣿡
סȻѰųĸĸǵȻҪסȻҲסˣվûзס˵ҲȱʣȻҪԼһ㣬סBס
õģһ˹ˣҪһٶʮʳ
ֳȳȶʱеۡ
ѩֱӰʳӿռ˳ǵĳڳſڷţȻûڡ԰ټһأҲ̰ͼѩռǵ㶫ɣ
㾹Ȼǿռߡϲ˵ռڻؿɳˡϾװʲôĶҪռ䣬ȫн̱ͨˣֻܿСܹװܶණĿռȻ
ţãҵĿռ䲻ֻסѩ˸ֱۣӰĿռСһ㡣
еʧƽףȷʵе㲻оǺܲˣ˵ˣȼ߿ռǿԱġ
ѩչʾ˿ռܣ˼ס޷ѵֳȳȼûдҲˡ
⣬ǵ͵һȽϺá
ѩʳֶʮݸллˡ
ʳǳģﲻȱʳмȻôҵһɵĹ
£˭ҲԼʳࡣȻûпˣ롣
ǵIDעǵסϢǵһҪã˲һҪһʳллǵʳһעһ尢̵Ϣġ
ллˡųȻĸм
뿪λ˰ǴBס
ʹһطıҲֵȼ԰ȻҲһгĺͱҲСһЩͨ
ͱAס⿪ţָ԰Ȩ½ס
ʣµͨеıԭ֮ΪBסеıһָһһģΪCסDסָĩ´ЩFסָľķ䡣
һ·ϣֳȳȼ˲ľķ䡣
ԺЩͨ˺ܻܿԽԽࡣ
ֳȳȿЩܣһԱȥǣ
ֻϣܿ㵽ɡ
ֳȳ˷ǵBסյģֻлĴ͹ӣһųԷӣ֮⣬ư趼ûС
ҺѩĿռУȻγԷ⡣
˸Ͻ΢һ¡
Ȼ󣬵סǴ´ġʩҲ걸ûе⣬ˮȻҲС֮ϲ
Ϊʡ¶ʰԷֳȳȺĸһ䣬ѩһ䣬ų½һ䡣ʰ귿䣬ĸķҲˣȻǼ򵥵ͷͷţһСˡ
˵ķôǵѾˡ
ǾͳȥŰǣˣǻʣʳ
һµģǴʲôĶ˲٣ټϸŵģԼ⣬Ȼ·ϲһЩֳȳȲ²ʣµʳѾˡ
ʣĴףС󡣡ѩۿռĶ˵
һиһٽٳһʱ䣬Ѽʵ¶ȲȸϽųĸĸҵȽϺá
ֳȳȵĵĿĸ˵裬ڼúϢɣҿ㶼ûôϢá
ĸʹˣȻ廹ӲʣһıǳԲ̫ۿɼľࡣ
ȷʵЩˣͲһκˣȥ˶עⰲȫĸԼ״Ȼǿ
ҺͳȳȳȥѰỤ̋ųʹʣµڻתת尢ڲ½ưĹ
Ȼ˵ûҵŰ̵֣԰ôˣƺҲܻң˵尢̾ֻǽǵϢ©Ҳûпܡ
áֳȳȣѩųͷ
Ȼ֪Լܻᱻܾ껹ǿ˿ڣ½Ƹ磬ܸһȥô
½ü㲻ȥỤ̋
ǣҲǲ롭Ͻϣֻ½ƴһ
Ǿˡ½Ʋݾܾ˵
ҡ꼱òУѩ˵仰
ѩȴû˼ȥڻضһڻػȫһأҪǲţڼ㰢˵˵Һ½ƸȥҲС
ǰСҿ⼸Ҳ۵ĲᣬҪڼҴҲСų˵
Ҳ˼켱ˣ±½ǲȥˣЭˣðɣųһȥ
˭֪½ƿҲûһۣתˡ
ҧŴ
˺ˣҿȥ˯ɡֳȳȴߴ٣þöû˯ˣ⼸˯˯ᱳʹġ
㣬ô˵ѩص𱸵ʡ
˵ʲôѩһͷˮ
½һȥ㶼˵㶼˵Ҫˡ
ΪʲôҪ½һȥѽ
յֱţ㲻֪ô
°°£֪ˣ½ǰɣѩڷӦæŰų¶ˡ
ѽҧ˵
ǵȵȥʱٸ½˵вУ¶Ѿźˡѩο˵
ã궨ĿѩǲǸû·
ѩϽǸԲ⼸̫æˡ
ЦһĻ˵ˣûҵ·档
ѩˣϽȥ֣Сꡭ
һѾͽ˦ˣҪǳӽ㣬𣿡
Сꡭ
Ȼ£ְ趼ˣҲ㲻ϲҡ
вϲ㡭
ûһĹңһ統Űֱȥ
꣬ʲôΪһС͸ѰٻģСôҪѩҲˡ
·ίˣһֱֹס
ãѩ̾˿ãҰ㣬͸½˵вУˡ
𣿡涵ؿ
ġѩһһε˵
㣬á˲Ͳˣؿѩ
Ժ׼˵Ļ֪𣿡
ţ֪ˣ㣬ԺҲ˵ˡԹԵصͷ

 32 

ڶԹ緹׼ʱѩԥһڴı飬Ƕ½ƿ˿ڣ½ƣҪСͳһȥɣ
½̧ͷһۡ
ѩһۿе飬΢΢е̣֪ôģܾ½ƺ֪˵ʲô
С껹ȥ𣿡ֳȳȲ죬ӦڻأΪͨˣû뵽ûģڻﲻ𣿡
˵ʵֳȳѡĻһԸڻء
ǣȥС˵
½ƣ㿴СôȥʹһˡųҲȰ
ðɡ½Ƶ˵ͷ
һϲ
ųǻһ£ѩȥҺֳȳڻء

ųôƣ½ţҲͬˣðɡ
Ǿˣȳȣߡ½к
ŶֳȳֳֻΧе㲻Ծ½ƵĻʶľ͸ˡ
С꣬û¶ɣѩ鲻̫ԣο
ҡҡͷû¶
ıû¶ӡѩ˵Щʲôȴ޴ӿڡ
Ӹղ½ƿĸо½֪ʲô½Ƶ̬ȷǱ겻ġ
С꣬Ҫ˰ɣҾ½
㣬û¶߰ɡ֪ѩ˵ʲôϽתƻ⣬Щ
Уǲģо仰Ů²ɣͲò½ơ
ֳȳȿǰ߰԰أ˼ǧ
ϿǸ羰԰ˣȡ֮洦ɼľ巿
ԭʼĽ࣬Ҫ밲еҴߣཨס
浽Ƿ棬ʵڲַѡ԰С԰
ֻ캮ضģлѩ滹ýʵٶȴ½
ǸֽʲôĶȱϾ浽ǵĽ
֮⣬ݽٶһҪԭֲ㣬ϾǷ۳٣󲿷˶ѡѰʣÿظһ췿ÿȴֻǿԱ
Ǵ󲿷˶ԣҲȥѰʡ
۶˿ܶȴΪ˽ʡԴһ㶼ܸߣһȻȽҲѰԴѶȡ
ȻѰԴĹҲۣҵĶ˽ɷ֮⣬ĶԼУҵһԴĻͺóʱ䲻Ϊˣ˴󲿷ѰԴŶɵġ
Щûܵģ岻̫ãû취ҵʵģֻ˶ȥǷܳԵ㷹
һ֪Ƿӵٶж
ǵҲûʲô⣬ľ巿Ҳסˡ
ľ巿󻹸Щ
ֳȳȺ½ûųĸĸֻעѰЩȽϴģȻֱȥѯǷʶų
Ǳ˵㣬ʱҲûбİ취
˵ߣֻҴͦģԹиңĩǰ۶˿ﵽһٶԵôͲ̡
ֳȳȺ½һ죬ûһͷ
вм˵ʶųģ˽֮󣬲ʶǸųͬģˮġ
ֳȳ̾˿ҵˣֱࡣ
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ֳȳȾȥһ٣ѾûгԵˡ
ǿȥɣ˵÷ˡ
ǣߡ
⼸ÿֳȳȺ½ƶʱ½ƾǣֳ֣ȳȴһʼĲȻϰˡ
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쵽ʱֳȳ±˿Ͻ½Ʒſ֡
ô±˷֣½ƴյ˵
ԶһֳȳȸϽƿ˵ˣ
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ĻǲǸø㽱˵ţ½ƾͰȥ
㡭ҲҪֳȳȹ˹ܾͣ
ҾͲɿ½Ҳν˻˽յ֡
ɾͲɡֳȳȸˡ˾һֱվȥ¡
㲻ˣ½ЦſĶӡ
ֳȳ̹ԣ϶Ҳܶ㲻ɿţ˭ȶʲôо˵ˣͬʳ£ŮҪþãҿ϶þáֳȳ˵
½⻰Ц
Ҫ㻹Цĳֳȳȵһۡ
½Цĸˣְ˰Լüëûһֱȥǻأ
˵ţ½ֻ˻˽յ֣ǵʱǿɾͿˡ
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û취ٺȥĸҪˣֳȳԥ˺һֻЭˣչ
½ƸϽԼĿյǰ
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ֳȳĲˣѾˣ㲻ôߣ
ղǽǶҵĳͷ½˵һ
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˻۵½һ飬ıɱ׷򣿡
㲻ɿҾһֱҧֳȳûſ˵ģ½С
ʵ۵ûжֳۣȳҲҧǸ½ƲֳۣȳȺƤеġ
˽ﻹֳͦȳɿģĸĵȼˣټһȻֳȳëˣǵԼԺĸ½εЦˣϵļһʹ͸ǿһЩСģˣˣɿҲɿ
˵ˣ½ƾ֡
ֳȳҲ죬Ȼ½չʾԼС·˵Ժٸңҧ㡣
½̣ŰߵЦˣǿȥɡ
˵ֳȳȵСͦԵģղŵı顣
½ƾһҲףڸƵģɰˡ
˵ʱųѾˡ
ôϢ𣿡ųеʡ
½ҡҡͷ
ųһʧֳȳȰοغܴ󣬽ֻһС㣬кܶطûأżֻҪ尢ǻţһܹҵǵġ
ųֻܵ˵ͷϻһʧ䡣
ǰֻҪĸĸϣһҵǵġ¾£ĸĸѾˣǲ֪ĸſ࣬ѾܴˣĻﰲȵĻţ
һ죬ĸĸȥˡ

 33 

ҿ컹ȥڻҰɣǽȥһ춼ûˡˣ½ƵȻơ
á½ƲÿɷҲŵġ
ҧҧҡ
ඣҿԷɡĸ
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극ֳȳѩҪӣҲ֪Ҫڵ۶ʲôʱֳȳȾ;ҵͰʲôĶֵˡ
֮ǰ԰ĲûˣԵĶܴģȻǲ̫ܹӦϼ˵󣬳˼ͷеϻˣǵöԵ߲˱ȽϺá
ѩֳȳ˵Ļȳȣҿ½ߵͦġ
ûûУͨϵֳȳȸϽϡ
ѩ̧ͷؿҾһ䣬㷴Ӧôô󣿡
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аɡѩش̾˿˵ʵ㣬½ǲǲ̫ϲС갡
ţֳȳȲΪʲôʣûаɡ
˵Ϊʲô½ƲԸСһأ
ֳȳȻǵһο⣬һ£ȷʵǲ½ƾûȫһЩ
ҲСˣ㿴Сʵ½һжĻѩû˵ڡ
ֳȳ룬ʣСΪʲôҪ½أ
ѩԥҪҪ¶ֳȳ˵
ӣҪˣ㿴вУųͻȻ
ã
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ѩһ룬ȷʵ
ʱ½ƺֳȳȸռʱֳȳк½ƶģһ룬½ƶСô䵭Ҳ˵Ĺȥˡ
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ȥæɣֵˣϲ֮ͨѩ
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ȥȥȥѩϽߡ
ֳȳȺ½˵ʱ򣬿һСгרŹԻ
ֳȳ˵ֵû½ƾųȥǸСгÿлͰģѴ׻Ͱ˰Сӣһյ˵װͰһ˻
ֳȳȿͰ˻ģˣҪ֪ڱӲģڡ
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СȻϲ½ƣ
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ͣͣͣ˼½Ƴ˧дˣ
ԡڵֳȳѾŭɱͷԣȫû߼
ǣ½ƹϵͦõô˵˻ѩֳȳһֱڮ½ƣǳĲ⡣ֳȳȲһᱳǷǵˡ
˵ˣֳȳȷ˵Ķʵ
أѩֱۣ˵ãŮĲ㡣
ֳȳһʱҲɡ
ﻵ
ֳȳһͻȻҵһȿԽѵ½ƣֿ;֪ĺɣʵʵ½Ʋǡǡ

 34 

ֳȳȹ˵ķ·Ƶġ
ʲô˵ѩҲ˺ġ
ֳȳȸѩĵ˵˾仰
ʲô½飿ѩŵľŵֳȳȸϽס졣
ʲô½飿һ
ֳȳȺѩ㿴ңҿ㡣ѩʹʹɫָָԼסͣʾԼס
ֳȳȵȻ֪˵ġɡ
һתͿųһ
군ˣųǸ½Ǻøǣֳȳû뵽һ˵˻ͱץ˸š½Ҫ֪ˣɡ
½ƵܣֳȳȲе㺦¡ֺܿ˭۸ģֻǡֻˡ
ųҲһĲšղȥԱߵļȥˣһһ𾪵Ϣ
𣿡ųʡ
ֳȳ֮ͨҲˣ˵ͷ˵ȻˣȻܲƽ޹˵ɣ𣿡
ųȻ֪ˣǡ
ܡųȻ½һϴʱĳߴ磬½ƻ̫á
ֳȳȰڳһǰŲŵı顣
ô֪½õģѩʡ
ֳȳȽһ˲ղֻ˿ˣҪôԲ
ƳһųѩԵƹˤǣҵ֪ɣ
࣬ܿ˭òãѩҲ̫ħһ㡣
Bingo治ĺýãࡣֳȳﳩĺܣϻһεģĳ֮ͻȻܶôһܡ
һ˵ı飬˵Ƕ׼˵ȥ֪𣬱Ҫ֪ҵܡҾͲҪ
ѩǰס֣ãҲ˵
ڷǳֳȳȵ飬ӵܣ˻ˣǻ̫롣
ֳȳȵѩı֤ų
ͬʱҲյѩųϽģҲ˵
Բܸ½˵ŶֳȳǼ֪ˣֳȳҲûø֪
ųͷģһ˵
϶ܸ½˵¶ֲɵ
ֳȳĵͷ
˼ǰߵʱѩųɫе㱡
ųһصıǰ棬ͷ֪ʲôζ˵ģеֵˣʲôëãƫƫë
뵽½˧ʹĴԣɵ̾˿Ȼκ˶ʮȫʮģϵ۸˿һţܻ˹һȴ
ֳȳȺѩں棬֪˶ãѩͻȻ˵ӡ
ֹı飬ֳȳͻȻһֲԤУ
Ҫҿųô
Լ㲻ֳ֪ȳֻ÷ǳΣԼ̵ĲС
Ͱҿ¡ѩȻ֪ԼôǺܿġ
붼Ҫ룡ֳȳȹϾܾ
˵ϹģģҪô˵ãǲã붼εĲУҲΪѩʳڡ
ѩֻܾ֮ðסģˣҲе졣
һûҵˣҺһϢ
ųǰھӡھ˵Ǹųĸĸһ棬ȷųĸĸûڵȥڻǺųĸĸʧɢˣҲû
ųϢϲΪ˸лھӣǶʮס
ųĸĸĲڻų½Ƴȥҡ
˿ٵػص
һֳȳӭų磬ǽҵ尢ǵټ𣿡
ųЦһãǰھӵ˵˳
̫ˡһϲ֮һįҺ½ƸҲһ죬Ǽļ˶˵ûм尢̡
ųĸ㰲οû¶֪Ǿˣˣ½أ
˵ţ½˳ȻͿѩųһŹֵؿ
ޱһһɨӹȥʲô
ûʲôûʲôѩųϽڰ֡
½Ʋûʲô鲻̫ãϾȥ̽⣬䵭ĵͷóԷˡ
ֳȳȿһĻһ͵Цʵ༸֪ˣǱˡ
͵Цֳȳһ̧ۿ½ƶϽɫµѩȥԷ
½ƿıӰü
Թų½һİţһȥˣҲطֳΪûʶĸĸʹ½ҵֱ֮ȥѯʡ
֮󣬼˷ֱȥ˯
ųڴϷȥ˯ţô죬һ뵽ôõֵȴãĻš
ٷҾͰ߳ȥ½ƾ
˯һŴ϶Ӧ˺þã˵߶ȥˣԱֵ߲ܣ½ƶһŰȥ
ųûһᣬֿʼʵĽ
½޿̵ƨһš
ųƨɣǳίΪ˯ţȴֵ
½Ʋͷ˵˯͹ȥϰܣ˯
ųͣ˻
㡭ųûס
˵ʲô˵½ƤӶ̧ķ˺ܶܣĺˡ
ģĩˣǾȥҽһκõģҲҪԼų˵˵ţԼ˵жˣֵܡ
вȥҩ½ƱۣҲûһۣҲ֪ųڳʲô衣
ԣвͳҩҪȥȥҽԺųС˵
½Ծ
뵽ųѩѵΪˣ뵽ֳȳ͵ЦС飬ҿ϶ֳȳȸ˵ʲô
ۣȻų۾˵ֳȳȸ˵в
ųϽסԼ죺ûУû˵ʲôҲ֪
½Цˣüͷ˵ʲôˣ
ûû˵ʲôųһ㣬ȻñסͷҪ˯ˣҲ˯ɡ
½һƿıӣ᣺˵
ų½¶ı飬Ҳ˵ˣֳȳȻѩĲ˵˵Ļӻҵġ
㲻˵ھʹ㡣½΢΢ۡ
ųΪԼڵİΣֳֻܱȳȡ
Բ˳ӣ½Ƹһ㡣ųﰧֻϣ½ƲҪֳȳˡӣ̫ˡ
ֳȳҲû뵽ųһô죡
½Ƶı£ųֳȳȽ˵Ļһһʮظ½ơһ˵ţһ͵½ƵķӦȴ½Խޱˡ
ų̲ס˸£°뱲֤Ǳǰ
㣬㲻Գôɣųǵʡ
ܶô½Ƴһۡ
ų˵㲻ɣ½ƿžͲǻϧˣͦųĵġ
Ϊʲô򣿡˴ɲ͵ð½ƲҧҧѾͷôʲô˵

 35 

˵ʵ½ҲǾ÷ǳĲ⣬Ե޹ʵģֳȳΪʲôҪ˵ֻ½ͻȻֲ̫õԤС
һҪúõһˣ½Ƶָʶá
ôܴأûƭûҥģҲ͸Һѩ˵ˣû֪˵ˣ緢µʲôǼɼҽҽ˵ôܺáųһߵ˵
½һžͰ˴Խ˵ԽˡֳȳģɲĶԱҲС
ųƨһĲʵҺĹ㣬ôҵģвǾβѹ˵˲о͡
ǡ½Цһٶ˵һ֣ŲҰˣ
ų˺ƨɵֽ˽ҡҿŮѵˡ
½޿վһȥ
ųۼֿĶ㿪ˣԶԶվſڣ½
˵ųûֳȳ˵ʲô㶼ţ½΢΢ۣÿϵųô֮ǰûųôأ
ųգգۣеعζѵֳȳʵƭǣ
½ƾˣǣ
ųڨЦһ˵Сѩ֪Ҳ֪ˡ
½ҧҧãܺá
ųչСʣ㡭ǲУ
½ƵķӦǱʹӡ
½˫ֱۣ°΢̧ǺС
˾˵У
ǳΪʲôΪʲôѣų׵ĵط½ƿžԩ޳ӡ
ǡ½ЦһѵĿʲôҪʶһвС
ߣѩҲֳȳȽ˵Ļ
źۼĺ½ƣôȥʲôչ𣿡
ͷԵرĿûС
ûп̫ˡֳȳȵػѩһֱ룬ҪҪ˵Ȼ½Ƹ涼ͦõģǵ㲻þڶŮȴ
С꣬ҪȻǷɡ½Ƴ˳˧˵㣬̸˵㣬ǿ˵㣬Ļае㣿ҲûȤһ̫ˡѩĵȰ
ҪҾϲ½Ƹ硣ûȤû¶ЩҶᣬҸͿԡ
ѩ̾˿ǽ¸꣺С꣬и½ƵҪ㣬ǧҪ߱ˣ֪𣿡
ɵصͷ㣬ģһؿƿġ
ѩͰ¸꽲һ顣
Ծסͣ𣿡
ǧȷӽ˵ġѩְֳȳ˵ܵ¶꽲һߣԣԼҪú롣
괹ĵ˵½Ƹÿ
ѩΪͬص˵ͷǰһƷƫƫǷ治ãϡ
Ҿ͸Ҫϲ½Ƹ簡ģһӵİ½Ƹģһҽҩȡ
ѩû뵽ĵؾȻͣģҲȰȻ룬ȥɣ֧㡣
лл㡣ϹɵĺܣȴЦ
ѩû˵ֳȳȸ˵ʱеŰɣֳ֪ȳ˵ģͿ϶Ǽٵġ
⼸Ĺ۲죬ֳȳȺ½֮ʲôһ̽ȸֳȳȱԼϲ½Ƶ⣬ȷֳȳҲϲ½ƣҪȻ˵Ǿ仰ֳȳô겻ģ
Ϊֳȳ֪Լ֪Ѷˣû뵽Ȼͨҥ½ƲȰ
ֳȳδҲ̫С
ЦֳȳȱϿô崿ȴ㹴˲òࡣ
첻Ŀ!
ǲ֪½ֳȳ˵Уʲôأ
깴ǣѾȲˡ
ڶԹ緹ֳȳһȥѰųĸĸ
һ·ϣֳȳȲųһֱСؿ
һֱңֳȳȲʡ
ųֳȳ̹ף½һ۷ɨų˵ˣûû£㿴ˣҿԱߵķ羰ͦµġ
ֳȳ˳Ŀ⿴һԣ˷滹Ƿ棬һһѩĳ
Īֳȳ²һ䡣
ͬʱܵ˸½ƵߣֱӺӹȥ
½Ʋü쿴ôôԾ
磬ʱϢһ˳Ե
½Ƹ磬лҪ˵ʩʩȻվ½Ƶǰ
½ƵͷŸҲûһۣлֱ˵
ҧҧ˵㵥˵òã
˵½һҲ
һƳֳȳȻûûεظѩ֣ûһۣ뵽£½ֱð
Ǹӽйص¡˳߿ֳȳȣЦһȻ
½⻰̧ͷһۡ
ҲĿ⺬һ˿⡣
룬½ƻվߡ
ӿϷŭû뵽˸ֳȳȾôʹϹ
ţȻ¶ɫϴһ˿ϲãظ½
ȻҪֳȳȵĿҪֳȳԺô⡣
ͷۿֳȳȡ
ֳȳһ
ѩ½ƺıӰһۣ̾˿
ֳȳĬĬ̾ҸʱѩһȰȰС;֪ʲôֵģɲһʻţϡ
˵ɡ½ƺԶЩȻֳȳ߿õĵط
ǲԶЩ𣿡Ĵ˿
½ҡҡͷ˵ɡ
ѩغˣ˵ƻ֧֧˵½Ƹ磬ҡϲ
½ƹϵشĻ㲻Ҫ˵ֳȳȵ𣿡ﲻ˵Щġ
ʱסˣһ½ƵıԽĲͷˣϽ˵֪˵ӽĻǡ
֪ΪʲôҪ˵½Ʒʡ
ذȻ½Ƶܵ泰ζôģôӣ
½ƶֳȳȻ鲻ǳЦһͲˣ˵Щ½ƻάֳȳȣ
ָҲ˵Ķ϶½Ƹ磬ҡ֪ܣ㲻Ҫ£һģһһֱ㡭
½⻰̧üģҲ˵ˣ
ͷһĵǣǵģӽ˵ģ˵㡭£ҲģҲҪӽһʱ졭
½Цһ۾ǰȻûʲô飺ǣֳȳ˵أ
ĿҡҶ˵˲ģʹʹﲻҲϲ㡭
Բ𣬲ˡ½ƴĻȻתߡ
ֳֻȳȺݺݵؽѵһ١
ŵմ˽ˮҲԭء
½ѵĲУȻһ˵ԼôҲ״̬Լ̬ŵˣ˻β
һʱ֮䲻֪ôǺá

 36 

½Ŵ󲽾ֱߵֳȳǰĿתؿ
˵ֳȳȺ½ƶסˡ
½ƣôˣѩЩţһӾվ
뵽ղ½ƽгȥ˵ţСò˵Ļ½˵˰ɣ͸ӽˡ
ԱߵųҲϽվ½ƲҪ˰ɡ
ΨֳȳȣڵȻƲ㣬ȻʾĿ½һۡ
½Ƴֳȳ֣л˵
ֳȳȲͷûʲô˵ġ
ƭҲͲ׷ˣֳȳȲһϸ
ֳȳȣĲȥ𣿡½΢΢ۣһһ˵
ȥֳȳȾܾĹϡ
½ǰһקֳȳȵߡ
ֳȳȴʧɫʼ
ųѩƲԣϽס½ƣ½ƣʲô˵вУ
лҪ˵Ǳҡ½ƿŵǰˣüͷ
ҲȥֳȳһѾקסѩԸߡڿ񣬸˵ȥ˵ˡ
ûӲȥ𣿡ѩֳȳǰ½ŭĿӡ
½ƵĽŲͣסˣؿһ۶ѩֳȳȣ˵ȷȥ
ֳȳȵͷҡ˲˹ģһֻ½Ƶָɷ˾ţ֮ôˣȥȥſң㡣
½һֲԾץ
˻ֳȳȶʱеۡ
½ƣӵֱץˣ֣ѩۼؿֳȳȱ½ŵʼ졣
½һӾ֡
ͷֳȳȱץͨЩĺڣ㡭
ֳȳһ֣ѩҲһۣԼͨͨͷ½
Բ𡣡½ƴͷһİա
ԲõĻҪʲôѩһۡ
½ƿֳȳ¶ĺںڵͷһο˿ڣֻεࣺȳȣһߣ治ȥ𣿡
ȥֳȳն˵ûʲô˵ġ
á½ŭЦû˵ʲôĿһֳȳȣֳȳȻ޶ԣЦһԶ
½ƽʧıӰѩġֳȳȵرˣ½Ѿˡ
ֳȳȵ˵ͷصԭλ¡
ӵץһѩõķʴͱϵѩһòײűӵϿȻһѩǽڻˣŪʪܵġ
ֳȳȱΪԼɣǣΪʲôôأ
ԼʪָͷһָԽˣҲû֪ɱģ顣
һ·ϵոӵİˡ
ֳȳȺ½ƶһ·˭ǷǮƵġ
Թʱʱؿ½ơ
ʣµѩųһֳȳȣһ½ƣ˵Щʲôȴֲ֪˵Щʲô
޹һ졣
Թѩֳȳ˵Ļ½ƾôһ£
ֳȳҡҡͷ
ѩһͷˮ˼ûʲô£ʲô˵
ôѩͷһǵʡ
ֳȳҡҡͷûʲô
ѩôţ½ƽǸƷʲô
ǲ½֪˵Ǹˣ
ֳȳͻȻ͡һЦ˳ܰɡ
ѩһؿôЦĳȴеˣЦ˵ⲻ
ΪʲôЦֳȳһͷļϣֲã
ѩ죬뷴ȴҲȷʵҪˣһΪ½Ҫء
뻹е¡
ֳȳЦһôᣬôҲŮӵİɡ
Ҳǡѩڷǡ
ûʲôֳȳν˵ϵҲá
ܻصӾ͸ˣֳȳ롣
ѩȴΪҿ½ƶ㻹ͦõģҪ˵ĻԣҲӭжˡ
ֳȳ͵ֱ壺ҲŲҪ˵ˣҺˣ
һֱƭһ㣬һıƭˣֳȳԽԽ
ô˵ѩĳ˵㿴ϴǲ½ģ
ֳȳƳһۣ˵ĸûƵġ
ȿȡѩڨЦһ˵ϴγʱ½γҩ
ֻ˳ֶѡ룬Щڵˣֳȳ뵽ǰԼжӾ;ԼǱģ
ѩ̾˿ǡʹˣ
ԺһôãͷҲ̧ͷģöΡ
ֳȳȵνӰбͻȻ뵽һҪ飬ۣ԰˵½ô֪˵õģ
˵ֳȳȻе½Ϊʲô½֮ǰһֱŹ涨ǰ뵽ѩտʼ˵ĻŷӦ½Ϊֻѩų˵
ֳȳȺɵؿѩ
ȿȿȡѩͿҸոе㶫ûʰȡ˵ţѩ׼
վסֳȳۼֿס·
ֳȳվߵѩǰض۾ǲǸ˵ˣ
뵽½ƽ굥˵˻ֳȳȸӼԼĲ²⡣
ѩɥһԼ©ڣֻܿ˵ͣС˵ʱ򡭡̲ס˵©졭
ֳȳۣһʧؿ
ѩϽģҲû뵽ô죬һȥ϶úýѵ˵Ҫ˵
һ˵һ߹۲ֳȳȵɫΪֳȳȻΪûţֳȳȲӡ
ˡֳȳüģæȥɡ
ѩû뵽̬ȣΪ
ôֳȳȿһۣǹһĨЦҪඣ
һ£ˡѩþգɿˡڲߣ˵Ȼ߲ˣ
ֳȳȿıӰǵЦʧˡ
û뵽½ƾȻΪ²ģ֪ˣЩЦ
Ȼһʼû½֪֪Ҳ֪ˣԺ½Ʋ˰ɡҲá
ֳȳЩڣҥ½ƣȻʱԼ̫ļ˵˻ܹǲõ飬øõķʽ
ľѳֳۣȳ̾˿
£һǾǣһ˵ȥͲˡ
ļ죬Ϊ˶½ƣҲΪֲܶһЩ߲ˣֳȳȾ˻ء
ҲЩܹ߲ˣһѲӣƬ̣﷢ѿ
ֳȳȽһһڻЩˮȻһεʹܡ
ֳЩ͵ģϲˡ
ĸ⼸еֳ֣ȳææµµģѯʣСô¶
һ仰˵Ҳˣ쿴½ƺֳȳʶ߹½ƻãֳȳȺüֳۣȳȾȻһû
֪ŮĪĸĸֱ½ƺֳȳ֮϶ʲô¡
û¶ֳȳȰŪ١
ˣֳȳһ٣û¶٣ܲܿľϵܵá
ûʲô£ĸš
ѽû¶ͱˡֳȳʵڲ˵½ˡ
ĸܾ̬ܵȣ̾˿

 37 

ˡ
ţֳȳȿĸһۣЩ֡
ѩǼĻһǻƽʱʱ㣬ѩбԿףòţɲѩֻ˭أûϤˡ
裬ȥֳȳȰĸܳȥš
͸èۿ˿ȻİŮ
룬ֳȳȻǰŴˡ
½סôһſˣһŮȲʣֻ
ǣֳȳü
վֳȳǰŮһοɰһ硣Ī½Ƶľˣ޸ǳءֳȳĬĬ롣
½½ƵıáεŮ˵
ã½Ƶѳ㡣Ů˵꣬Ȼֳȳ֡
ֳȳֻ֣ػش𣺡½ƣ
ҲĬĬ֣ЦЦ
԰½ڲڣ½΢̧°ͣһưģ
ڲڡֳȳҲشӲ
ʲôʱ
㡣
ǽȥȡ½ͳһۣҪݡ
ȵȡֳȳǣô֤½Ƶıúѣ
һõ֤֪˭𣿡½ɴ۾һ㾹Ȼʶҵı顣
Ȼҵĺܣûȷ֮ǰǲܷģУ˭ֳȳ˵Ķʵȷʵʶ
½һըˣ㡭
ôû˸Ҷ
ˣҲΪԼİȫ롣ƲȰ⣬ֳȳȣЦ˵ȷʵʱСһΪá
ֳȳͬĵͷ㻰˵ٺҲǲǽġ
㡭ô˵½񲻽˶š
ԣǽĿ𣿡
½˾죬ôͣ
Ƣе㼱ʵԲġУǻŮһ򱻳軵ˣ¡½񲻺˼˵
ԭŮֲôšֳȳ˼
΢Цĳ㣬ܵزԸظཻ
ûǽȥ°΢̧ư˵
ֳȳûÿ˼ռ̫Сʵڲ˽Ҫ½ƣߵС
ŲŮ˭ֻĸˣûʲôսСһ㡣
𾴾ƲԳԷƣÿȻȻŲҰϳء
ֳȳȷ˸ۣ顱һŹˡ
ϲϣҲû㳤ס
㡭½ĺݺݵš
ٹɡȰ
㿴ʲô̬ȣУϱһҪͱ˵
ȳȣ˭ѽĸȥôãʵ
ʶġֳȳڻش𣬡ϳʲôѽ
˰԰ɡ
áֳȳȿĵػشԷĳˣζҲ
࣬ѩһ׼ʱ
㰡ѩһžŵζ
ֳȳȴӳ̽ͷӿ飬˼˰
һ½ƣ˵£룬ǲ˵ˡ
Ů˵½ƵѺ˵ĻȻ϶ġ
ߵչֳȳȹȻ
˭ѽųȥš
һλŮ½ͳ㡣
磬㾹ȻĻţ̫ˡ½һ½ƾˣ½Ʋɫıܿˡ
½ƣڻô½˵أ㶼֪жൣ㡣Ҳߵ½ߣĵؿ
ԭʶġֳȳ̧ͷһۣ²ؼغࡣ
ôˣ½üʡ
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ʵ飬ֳȳѾ˼õˡ
һֱסڵ۶ؿ϶ǲеģȻźܰȫԴ̫٣סԺܲܳϷ⣬Ȼֲˣֳȫĵġ
ǰļҸǲܡֳȳȵļҺѩļһУϴȥѩҸʱ䶼ûؼһˣҲ֪ûеܵûסǶٸסڵ۶һ⡣
ȥسõѡˣȻǶعϡƺΣգҲٵĺôҪ˵ﻹµĽʮĶʳˡ
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ǲ֪ѩǻȥأڻأǸһȥأ
ֳȳȵȻϣѩԼȥأų
ˣʺˣҲˡ

 38 

ڶʱֳȳȾ¶
˳˼
ǴӳسѾһʮʱ䣬ڵ۶Ҳʮ죬ڼȻûҵųĸ䣬ųֵھΡ
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ҲҪʼѼʵˣǸҪ㡣
ѰҸĸų˵Ȼ֪ĸҴĿԲ󣬵ʹֻһ˿һϣͲ
ֳȳĬĬ̾˿֪ų϶
ѩųֿʣӣôˣ
ֳȳȳ˼Ƭ˵ҵǵʳﲻˡ
˵˶档
⼸ѰųĸͬʱҲûзѰʣԴϡȱԴܶ˵ַַʱ䡣
ֻˣû취ЩϴԴ㡣
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Ŷʧ䡣
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ҲҪʵˡֳȳȽ˵
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ֳȳȿһĻ΢΢Щݡǰ»ˡ
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ס飬Ҷĩһ
죬˵ĴסС˳ѩ֮˵ڶ֮ǰҵһõķװ꣬װǿȹѰһڡѩֹͣųҲڵ۶͹Ȼ̳ס
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˵ôôյһģѵǴ˵еԵҶ鲻Խ롣
Һͳĩǰպպȥҳ棬ʹյһˡѩ͵

 39 

ԭҶζؿ½һֲۣʱҪųȥԭˡ
ҶﳰЦ½һ
˵˵̳ɣУôûȥ԰أ½һ۾Ϳʲôɫʵ
Ҷɫ̾ﶼһиĵطͿˡ
֮ǰҶȥѰʵʱҲ˵԰ǵ۶Ҵ߻أҲ԰ļֻڳʳͺΣڱΣգסҲ̫ȱʳҲҪס޷ѣ԰˵ЩҶһֱ
ˣǽô죿ҶʣǴﻹȥĵط
½Ʒɿؿֳȳһۣ˵˳ΪѰųĸĸģڽȥĶǿһһ¡
Ҫúһ¡Ҷ˵ͷʲôõȥûеĻҲһȻԵĲ࣬Ҳ
һʱĬ
Ҫسذɡֳȳԥһ»˵Լ뷨
أѩȻ򣬡ԣﻹкöʳأԹǼ˳Ժþˡ
кܶʳҶ۾ҲˣʱʳǾʲôˡ
԰ѩ˸߲ҵ˵һʱ֮䣬ﶼ춯
ǣǲ̫ԶˣСʣ;õ۶ͦõأοؿ½һۡ
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˵뵽·ϵĵֳȳȲ㷴ԵŻ˾ģȥ֮ûʲôҪǾԲٳˡ
ǿ֮ǰȥҽԺҿûγҩ뵽ֳȳγǸܾѩеۡ
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Ҷһ£˵˵Ƕ֮ǰȥѰһҽʣȻҹȥûγġ
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á
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ֳȳЩꡣ
С꣬ʲô˼ѩĿϬʡ
̾˿֪Լ仰ôǵѩˡͷ֧֧˵û˼ҾǾڻضǸá
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ѩüҲСˣԽԽеˡ
ֻ¶㲻֪Сϲ½ƣҪҰ˵ô˵ֲá
ֳȳȶ˶˵¶˭Ҳ˵׼Сܡĺϲ½ưɡ
ˣҰͰ˭׽أУ֮ǰ֮ǰ˵½Ǹ¶Ҹ˵ˣҶ˵˲Ҫ˵תͷ͸½ƣ½ļƼֱҪ㣬ҿҺųסˡΣѩȻ£½ƵıⱲӶˣ̫ˡ
ֳȳȳĬ
Ҫãˡѩ˵
վ¥ݼſڵЦһת뿪
˺ˣ㲻Ҳ˵ˣ׽ҲΨһˣ㲻˭ⶼġֳȳȰο
ѩ̾˿
ֻŤתˣȷʵûбİ취ҲĲ
ѩ;óĻš
ˣ뻹ȱʲôɣǾ͵óˡֳȳȳתƻ⣬ܾ䲻ᵽΪֹǻصصĺá
˵Ķԣҿռﻹʣʲô¶ѩûʲôԵˣȼϣοܲܶŪһ

 40 

һȱʲôֳȳȺѩЯ˷䡣
ѩڴϣƺ˯һһûӦ
εغֳȳȶһۣһĵģȴ˯ˡֻԺˡ
ˡֳȳȲ²⡣
һĹ۲ߵȷʵȵˣý˵ǽ˽СʱֳܵȳȻȵģĸ꿴۵Ĳᡣ
ĸûгȥڲѾָ˹Ͳˣ绹ųȥųĸĸͰסˡ
ȳȥɣȳԷʱٺֳȳ˵
ѩ˵ͷ
ŵ˳ȥȥĸǡ
ڱһ·˯ˡ
̳ĸһǰǲҵʩһӦȫҲֳһСȵ̳Ĺʳã̳ṩʣͷҲʶһ
СĲõĻҪ𣬿԰죬Ҳ԰㣬˵Ƚ
ҶⷿʱĸҲһС
̳ķ䶼ǵ䣬ֻһŴѣʵûĵط
ҶƽʱҲԼһˣƽʱԷȥʳãһʵȻʳõķ˶رѳԡ
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ʱʳѾˣףʳв˶ֳȳȺѩͶȥĿ⡣
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½Ƶ˵ͷ
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Щص㣡
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˵ֳȳȼŬһ¼֮ǰ¶
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ѵǱѪ˵ԵʣҶʣûгš
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Ҷʧشͷ
Ҳйء½˵ʺõ˱Ѫ˳ܵĿԾͻһЩ
Ҷ۾
ǲ֪ѪֻһλԺ󻹻аҶһ̾Ϣ֪ͳȥˣϧûкҩ
ıҲ
ôɥųҶļ򣬰ο˵ҲһѪµԭֻ˵ѪµĿԺܴ˵ֻ仯ͼء
ҶͷҲǷǳпܵġ
Ǹֹ۵ˣܿ͵Լرڳһڷɿڵ׷һӾζ٣ҲЩʧһɨա
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˱ı߳ԣԱͻ˷䡣
ҲûʲôĿֳȳȼڷ˻죬໥һ¶ܵĵã׷׻˷Ϣ
ڶһ磬Ҷ׼ѰʵʱһžͿ˺ü̫Ϥף΢΢ۣ磬ô⣿Թ𣿡
ɨֳȳǼһۣԹˣ˵ѡ
ҶЦ˵⼸Ѿ޼죬ˡ
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װ˱¯ɢֳܵȳȸսûһ;еˡ
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ֳȳȺѩһۣжһ˿䱸
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Ҷɵÿ½һۣ˵ʵͦĶġ
½ȴΪڵܱǸ;ȥ
ؿһۣһϧҡҡͷǿ̫ϧˡ
Ǿȸˡ½վ
ȵȡס
½ۡ
ģҶ˵˲˺ǵġȻ΢ЦţȻǲԸҲǿѣֻǼԵЩ͸ˡ
֣һ˽ﶼЩһȻ棬ӵĩǳõĶ
ֳȳˣƽ޹ʵģΪʲôЩǣǲʲô¡ֳȳϲڱ
޹»½ȻҲ뷨ɨЩһۣȻܾˡ
½ƼӰԶȥ˵Լɻ󣺡ʲô֮𣿡Ȼֵûôʡ
ǸСӵʵ֮¡˿ڲ裬Ȼ˵
ȻôһӾͽҪ֪۶ˣ԰½Ȳ
ǣǻҪñİ취𣿡ĬһС顣
ˡҡҡͷȥɡ
ǡĬĬ˳ȥ
ű¯˸ոǸˣʵеϧģܰ԰ظ
ǿϧˡ

 41 

˸ոյ飬ֳȳȼΪ˱ҹζ࣬ס棬˭֪Ǹ᲻ҺҶ࣬ʰˡ
Ǹʲôֵֹġѩʡ
ҶҲ֣Ҳûô˵Ҳ֪ʲôҪôʡ
ôʣ㹻һ˳ϰˣ˵Ҫ½ƾܾˣӦ
Ǿϵܡ½ƿڡ
ô֪Ҷʡ
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ڲһӵô˵Ҳû½˵԰ص½ء
𣿡½΢΢ü
ȻˡҶæĿڣһԳĬֳȳȣѻͷ׸ӣ˵½ǲǺ
ֳȳר˵ҶʶĿ½ƣö½۾
Ѹƿߣĵػ˾䣺š
½ƶԴ룬Ҳƿߡ
Ҷˣܾ֮Ĺϵ̫۲쵽ڣֳȳһֱڶ½ƣ½ƾͲ˵ˣһʲô̱ԽԽ½ﲻˬĺܡѵ½Ѿףܾˣ
ԽԽúпܾҶ͵͵Ƴ½ƿȸոջһɫеЦ
ʶ½û½Ϊʲôչû뵽Ȼǰأǲأ
Ҷ뵽½ΪģЦ
Сϰһš
˻½ʲô磿Ҷ۵ԼСȣ䣬ߣȣСȿ϶ˡ
ôЦô½ü°ɡ
½ıӰҶ˲¶˾ġ
Ժ½ƿԼȥɡ
ˣ
ҶĴ£ǺܿҵһµԴ㣬Դǰһ͵ũóг
ǰķ棬ֳȳѹ֮࣬ҡũóгûбѰ
ֳȳȿЦһ£ԺԽԽѪİɣǺ¡ĩûõľͬģµľͬķġ
ԼúûŲҪġ
һ岻õ˻ĸɲˡŸһĸͳŲסһϢˣҶҲҪˣֻһûһذЩСʯ飬ʣĸʴսš
ֳȳȾֱȸǸӻҪˡ
ǷӺôһһɵģҪʯ壬ûйߣֻܿ
ֳȳΪһʳ߶۵ġ
ӼᶨҪسصľġ
æµ죬ũóгһǡ
һǵĵ̺üˮ߲˵ģϺѴˣи͵꣬вʳֱӾͰѩĿռװˡ
ţȥװгѰһ·һͲǶ౸ױȽϺá
·ҲҶãռﻹԤطֿͣ·ֳȳ̫ϧˡ
Ѱ·ֳȳȼ׼԰һˡǻһֶסıʰЩ΢һ¾ͿԳˡ
ȥһҩɡ½顣
ҩҲǱزٵԴֻ֮ǰֳȳȼһ㡣˭Ҳ֪ԺᷢʲôȻڴҽԴԷḻĴУȷʵǿԶһҩ
ָųȥ˸һҩ꣬Ѱ˺öðҩҩ֮ĳҩ
ֳȳȻЩƸѪѹҩĸʹˣѪѹһֱеƫߣȻʲôëȻҩһ˾ʹԷһ
ҩƷҲռ֮󣬼˾Ϳʼ԰ظϡ
ŵĵһǾеشкǻüˣҪǷӻûˣҶΪء
ֳȳȼҲк
ˣҪμӻдʽŶʡ
ˣγȥѾѼһЩֳȳȻؾˡ
ȻصͷȻеѣǺðɣ񷢲ȤĻȥȡˣǰ¥
лл
ص˱춼ˣֳȳȺѩ˸ʰ
ֳȳȿ߲ˣ˺Ļȫǰ˳
ЩҲߣȻЩ߲˻ûȫ죬ھͳе˷ѣܱǿ
Ѿ˹ӵֳȳûðΣҲռطߵʱš
˴գȻճһţһٵĸоá
극˽ʰʵĶ࣬ϾҲڣ߰˰˰˲ٶĶʰеķʱ䡣
ֳȳ٣ϣߵʱôһ㡣Ѷ֦ȥְʣµ֦ڻԵֱٶʵʵڻ
ȳȡ½Ƶֳȳһ
ֳȳȻعٺһؿ½ơ
½ƿ̬񲻽˰
˶û˵һʱĬ
ֳȳȰܿ½Ƶߣüëͷʣ£
½ƺ˹ƣΪʲô
ֳȳЩЦڵˣʲôΪʲô
ٸ½ƾȥ»Ҫߡ
½һ־ץס󣬹ִʣΪʲôҵ
Ϊʲôֳȳ˦˦֣û˦̧ͷһۣЦЦ˵ˣҲû
˵ѣ½ǰվǰΪʲôң
ֳȳŤԸûʲô˵ġ
ڿһ۶÷
½̾˿ͼúø˵ϴβ˵˵᲻ҵġ
ֳȳʱûз֣⼸زȥ½Ƶ£ôҪˣֳȳȲЩա
Ҳ¶ģһ½Ƶ۾˵Ƿְɡ
˵仰ֳȳȾ˺öࡣ
½Ŀ˲ˣüͷõʣΪʲô
ֳȳҡҡͷ˵̣ΪʲôֻͨˣҲϲ㣬Ϸ
Ϸ½ǰһƵֳȳȲˣڸϷ
ѵ𣿡ֳȳȷƺ½ơƭ
ǡ½ԳһЦɿ֣һ˲䲻֪˵ʲôãԭһֱ½Щʧ䡣

 42 

ֳȳüϣԲҲ˵Ļ֮һ˵ԺֻǶѡ
Ϊ½ΪЩΣɴǸԺ󣬾˵ֻǶѡ
ѣ½üʧˣֱĶֳȳȣҪһϲ𣿡
ֳȳȺԥϵص˵ͷǡ
½ȴЦЦ˵Ҳš
ֳȳȻһ
½ûдĽӲǣ֣ʣΪʲôҪƭأ
ЩϲģҲ̰ģһЩЩ㹻ˡ
ֳȳȵͷ֪Щʲô
½ƿë׵ͷʣΪʲô˵
һֳֻ֣ȳȵգȴ˱ĺۼ
ˣ
½˲ˡæҵֳȳȵգĿˣۻˣ᣺ʲô
ֳȳҲ֪ԼΪʲôˣҲΪԼϲ½ƣԭһֱ˰ˡ
뵽⣬ֳȳԽԼ۸ˣ۸ȥᣬ̫ˡ
ֳȳһѻӿ½Ƶ֣ʹĨᣬ׺ݵ˵òܡ
½޵øףһʱЩ޴롣
½ơֳȳȲɾᣬҲƽԼĿ½һۣĳ˵ȻϲˣΪʲôҪأ
øƽˣ۸
ֳȳԽԽݺݵ˵Ժ۸ңҲ
˵ֳ꣬ȳԼʧ̬һˡ
½һʱסˣ֪˵ʲôɵϲˣ
ԽԽòԣѵ˵ֳȳǰ˵Լϲˣ½ƿſС٣۾
ֳȳ͵͵ܵúõϴ˰ֶžӿ˺һֱȫ޹ĺۼŰģҪǱĸ֪ԼˣָҪôۡ
СֳȳΪ˵̾˿ԽԽöˣôôסȻ½ǰˣ½ָжأֳȳҧҧԷһҪ鷭ƪˡ
ڶ죬ֳȳ֮ĸѾڴˣһĸѾ÷ˡ
裬ôô磿
ĸһۣ˯žˡСǼҲˣ
ֳȳͷʶغ½Ƶ֣Сѩأ
ʰȥˣ㣬ӿ϶ûʰɡĸʼ²ۡ
úúãȥʰֳȳȸϽͶ
ʰöٳʱ򣬿˲඼ˡ
СأֳȳȿһȦûӰ
Ӧǰˣ˵緹Բ¡
ԷȻǸܣǽ𣿡ֳȳȵĵʡ
Ѿ˽һͳΪǵĳӻͣڳſڣҪһ·ֳȳܲˡ
֪ȻٿɡѩҡҡͷҲǵһ㡣
ϻö˶˵ôأ
ȳԺ˷ֳȳȺѩһȥ꣬ĸԤķˡ
С꣬õȳԵ㷹ɡ
ɫ԰׵ҡҡͷ㣬ҳԲ¡
Էôã죬һ㡣
ֲ꣬ŷһһڵĳԡ
ųڣͣŷίͰ͵˵㣬ĳԲ¡
ѩ̾˿ӹеķ롣
ֳȳһĶͷҲûհǸðˣ˵ðҩСѩóСһ
ѩҩһ¶Ͻó˸ðҩֳȳȳŽ˱ˮ
һڰҩȥ
ѩԴôСһô³ҩ
彩˽Ȼҩҵһٳԡ
ѩ⻰ǺһЦðɣϢȳȥˡ
šԹԵĵͷ
߲ˡţѩ̾˿
û¶С˵Ȼ·һ˾Ͳˡ
Ҳֻˡѩε˵
û겡ãڶ죬֮;š
ôˣ½ƿü
ǵ۶صĻسҲ½Ƶ塪½½΢΢һЦƺ½Ƶ䵭㡣
½ɫˡ
ǰûи˵ؼҵġ
½˵ˡ
½һ֪ôӣСư֪һֱ΢ʣԶļҡ
½ƳһЦվӸµؿҵļңѵͱ𣿡
½һȻָܿرñ̾˿ԭһֱҵġ㸸ĸҺܱǸҾ㸸׿ҵֵܰôôܡ
½Цһ½ڰҵɵӿ𣿡
ս½Ķ䣬˵һ仰㻹ǵ𣿡
½һӾ͵ɴ۾Ҳ΢΢
½ĵؿһۣȰʵһ㡣
½ؿһۣתȥ
ΪЩʱѾˣû뵽½Ȼ֪½ֻһƬ
½Ƹ磬ΪʲôԸڻأ֪ʲôʱ˳һʡ
½ƿҲûһ̧ۣžʹ˹ȥ޹ء
Ȼսȭͷָ
֪ôģһͲ죬˶Щ
С꣬оôˣûкһЩ
ϣѩѯʡ
£ȻҡҡͷûУͷǺΡ
ѩָĶͷرƽ
һ۴ͷϿտյҩ룬վضꡣ
ôˣ꾪ɲؿѩΪʲôô
ѩؿȻҡҡͷһʧС꣬𣿡
ʲô˼ʣװ
ѵ𣿡ѩʵ
𾪼ˣæҵشӱﷺỨ㣬ҾȻ𣿡
ѩ˱ۣԲеżˡ
ȻһֱȽƫƫʱ䲡ôã֮ǰ͸¶ڻصԸܲ˶롣
ǳӽ˵𣿡
ѩҧгݵر飬üô룿
Ц˭ͿϲˣǲǾҰ¶ˣϾżسҸ½Ƹ֮Ĺϵϲ½ƸĻװ˵ˣԸø
꣡ѩԽ˵ԽףŭĻʲôϵΪϲ½ƣȫͶϲ½ˣϲ½ƣʲôʱ֮Ĺϵ
겻ҡ
˵ûװ𣿡ѩؿ
Щ飬򶨵ػش𣺡ȻûС
ѩʧؿһۣ·
æֹ㣬Ҫ
´װǵðҩԶһ㡣ѩ仰ͳš
ĶʱסˣѩıӰ

 43 

ôˣֳȳһѩ
ѩЦЦһ
ѩе㷢ֳȳȸϽ˱
Сѩôˣĸеʡ
̣û¶Ǻþûһ˯ˣġ
Ǻǡĸ⻰Ц
Уͻƨֳȳ²ۡ
ûƨѩʾػػ
һֳȳ꣺ˣСû¶ɣĲõ𣿡
ѩ˶ٲ˵û¶õĲˣƹͲˡ
㲻Աû¶ɣҪҹȥ
ѽûֲСˣ˵ֲʲô󲡡ѩ˵
ҪǶһʱɣСߣ·ϵĻֳȳȽ顣
šѩƵػһ
˿˯ɣ컹ˣĸǳ⡣
˯ĸ״˷ˣֳȳȲҲɡ
ѩһ䣬ȴ޶û˯š
ڶ죬ֳȳȰĸʱ򣬿˺ü춼ûгŵꡣ
С꣬쿴öˡ
ǵġһЦҾҵĲѾˣǽܳȥˡ
̫ˡֳȳȾϲ˵̫żˣٵɣ㲡˵
ͷ΢΢ЩֳȳæŶ˷ûע⡣
ˣӽ㡣ҽأ꿴һȦûпѩӰʵ
㰡˯أֵһˣȻôЦֳȳЦǺǵ˵
һ£ʣ졭ҽû˵ʲôɣ
˵ʲôֳȳ̧ͷؿ
Ͻڰ֣ûʲôҪæ𣿡
ֳȳҡͷȥɣˡ
á
ֳȳȼڷ꣬ĳӦֱŤˣ֪ʲôҲȥȰ
ңܾеƵģ֪ΪѩΪ½ơ
㣬ˣһƿžͿѩڴ·
ѩû
㣬ҵĲҵĲѾˣǽˡֺõĿ
ŶѩӦһ䣬Ȼûп
ҧҧϵ˵УҴˣҲӦ˵ӽ㣬Ժ󲻻ˡ
֪ˣѩؿ
ݺݵصͷ֪ˡ
ãѩ̾˿ˡ
ԴԺ׼˵ӽˣ֪ӽⱲҲΨһѣʲôұκ˶ҪҪˣҲϣ֮ʲô⡣
ɵصͷ
ͻȻƤһЦųأ
ѩе㷢죬档
ųҪԴˡ꿴ѩߵģЦ
ѩ߳ŭߣϽԷȥ
˵ĲˣҲܸˣ˾Ⱥ졣
죬ʣϵĻѩѾȫڻˣֻȻ̹ǡ
ֳȳ·ϣŴ̹ǵĺ磬Ծ§·
裬䲻䣿
ĸҡҡͷ䡣
Ϲ£ﻹ˸½Ʋ֪ˮڲô䣬̫ˣһġ
Ъһֳȳȿʱ䣬ЪҲȫü
û¶ȻЪɡĸ֣ԸЪϢ
̣ұɡ֪ʲôʱ½ߵ˵ǰ
òáĸϽܾ˼½Ʊߡ
û°̣ء½º͵ЦЦȻĸǰ壬ݾܾ˵̣
½ƶˣĸҲپֻܾſ½Ƶıϡ
ֳȳȿ˵ıӰ죬˵ллԥ£ʲôû˵
ֻĬظ
û뵽ĸܿͺ½죬ĵĺ죬ֳȳԽĬˡ
˰ڵ˳ſڣȻͣԭĵطֻǾһµķ紵ɹĲӡ
ֳȳȻǹѣ򿪳һѳЩ裬ҶЩȻţ̫ˡ
ϽЩܣٺܿ;
ֳȳҶӣ֮ǰֻٹ˵ܣֽ˵ѩˮٵȻǿֳȳȾǺ¡
ѩӿռ˿鲼ֳȳһӣæŴ
ˡֳȳȺȻһǳص飬ʣǲ˴ˮ
֮ǰǶõѩˮûѩˣԺҪôˮ
ѩЦڲǲ̫ˣ½Ҵ˺öѩˮڿռ㹻ǻؼˡ
ֳȳɫе㷺죺ðɣʲôʱ£ôû˵
ǰ죬½ì֮ڼǼ죬½ƿѩĲˣûˮҴһ
˵ֱŤأ
ֳȳȿѩչԴһѾƿˣֱŤˣɱ˵
⻰ѩϸһֲȻɫ˿ɤӣô죿ţԺദӻأŲ̫ðɡ
ֳȳƳһۣô죿
ʵֳȳҲеյģһ뵽ԺҪ½סͬһ£;˼ҪһߣǸǿսܲþܾɣ˵ųعϵš
ֳȳԽԽ
ҪȥǸѩ⣬룬Ǹ鶼ĺðɡ
ֳȳЦҪ½ƵǸαȽϿ죡֮ǰŰ壬ϴ֮󣬾ʹͷ˭˭ȥ׷ƭѾǴдˡ
û˵ѡ˵͸ȥġ
ѩӡ
æسһټ򵥵ֳȳȼʼ°ҹ¡
Ϊ˸ҶԼǿҪҹ꣬˿ԷΪ飬ֵҹ
Ȼ飬ڶǰһûҹأҹǰһֵҹأ򣬴Ϣʱ䡣
һǺСѩһ顣ų˵̫æˣҲҹܵദһ̸̫ˡ
ĸôţѩʡ
½Ƹһ顣۰Ͱ͵ؿ½ơ
½һüҺ͡
ҺҶһ顣ֳȳȹϵ˵
áҶֳȳȣֿ½ƣ뵽ǰ췢ģͬˡ
ǾˣҺСѩһ飬ؽϰҹҶͳһغҹ½ƺСأҺСѩغҹ
á
½ؿֳȳһۣû˵
߰ɣ裬ȥ˯ֳȳĸˡ
Ҷ§½Ƶĸ첲߰ɣ˧磬Ҳȥ˯
½ƿ
ҹѩֳȳȺѣֳȳԵɵɵ˴
һ۾ͿѾڻ¯Ե½ƣ˲;ˡ
һҹĲӦҶôô½ƹˣ
˶٣һ½ԶԶˣĵشŹǷ
ûʲô˵𣿡֪˶ã½ʡ
ֳȳȲ˵ִ˸Ƿ
½ƿںӣӻްˣ仰Ը˵𣿡
ֳȳȱϥǣһ䣺˻ʲô˵ģ

 44 

½˹Ȼǰֳȳȱ۾Ը⿴
˵Ҳͬأ½һһ˵
ͬⲻͬ⣬ҵǷˡֳȳֱ׳˵
½ƿģЩЦ̧̧֣һֳȳȵͷͣס֣㲻Ҹ߰ˣ
ֳȳȻ˫ۣ˶٣ֱˣ˵˵ı㡣̬ȻǾƹˤˡ
вʹ˰½ָǵЦԽŨˡ
ȥ˵Ŷô죿ֳȳ̲ס붺
˵꣬½վ̤
ֳȳ۾뿴ǲȥˣȴһײ½ƺЦ۾
ֳȳȾ͸ˣֱ壬ݺݵصôô
½ƲЦֳֶȳȴ۵ɴۡ
۸˼𣿡ֳȳȲ˵Գ˵ˡ
ô۸أ½Ƶ档
ҡֳȳȲмתͷĹǸ󱿵
֪Ϊʲôҷ֡½ƻ̲סһֳȳȵͷûϣֳȳȾ͸Ͻ㿪ˣǶʲôණ½Ҳ⣬ַŻԭλΪиϲŮӣ𣿡
ֳȳȱĵؿȻ˼˵Ƥǹġ
½һı;Լĸڣ˺ü졣½ų˵ĻҧҧǶٽѵ
ⶼԺ£ڵ֮ҪŮѡ
½֪ػҪԣȻѾҵĹؼڣǾͶ֢ҩˡ
üģúû˵ǸŮҲأ
ʲô˼ֳȳüû̫˼
½ƿЦЦͳƣ˵ϲǸŮ㰡
ֳȳסˣȻĲмؿ½һۣΪһٱƭһǰǸͲʶ
ΪǸɵ𣿾Ȼһٶƭֳȳȸˡ
˭˵ʶôŮѵ𣿡½Ƽߣְסļ򡣽һðѻ˵ˣȻԺܾûлˡ
ֳȳĶһ٣ɵ˳½ƵĻ֮ǰ½ƶ˵顣ǰȷʵ½ƻ˵ǿȻͱвŮѡ
һ棿ֳȳȲм˵⻰ƭ࣬ǾԲϵˡ
һ档½۾˵һġ
ҡֳȳһӾ˦֣վӸµؿ½ƣú˲𣿡
һͻأЦ
½ƺֳȳȾһؿˡ
ҶϽס죬һ˻ǶҶ˫ģȻˣԲ𣬶ԲʵûסǼ
š½ƿڽס
ҶӶ˶٣Ȼתһ½ƳԱģᱻɱڰɡ
ոն˰ɣ½ĵʡ
ҶʶصͷȷӦַɿҡͷֱͷҡ˲˹:ûûУʲôû
ǡ½ЦЦ
ֳȳҲһؿⲻǴ˵ʵô
½֣º͡
ҶԽþˣŲ˲뻹˹ȥ
ղ˵Ļģ½⻰ȴǶֳȳ˵ġ
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ҶֻЦˡ
½һ۷ɨҶ̱סԼı顣
ۿ½ƿıԽԽͷҶȻصͷȻĳ˵Ӱʵû̫ǸղŵĶԻ½˵Ҫúˡ˵Ӱ⻰˵̫ˣ½ǵúúáϡ
û˵꣬ҶҽһסԼСȡ
½ƲɫջȣȻһ仰û˵ҶԼ쬵Ǳӹιһ
Ҷ˵ˣ£òͷӰҸոյĻ˵ģ½ͦõġ
һ˵һ͵͵½Ƶı飺㿴½˧ڻߡ
ʲôϵֳȳȲͷشĻȻ㲻ǽҹɡ
ֳȳٸ˺ȥתҪߡ
һû˵ءҶ½ƵɫԽԽڣϽסֳȳȣ½ϲǸŮӾ㡣
ֳȳ⻰ͣס˽Ų
ġҶöðˣҪƭ㣬͡½ҲҲš
ֳȳʶؿ½һۡ
½ҲգЦŵͷţƭ㣬ⱲӶҲš
ֳȳȵˢľͺˡ
½ƵЦҲˡһһԳԹϵҶɫصݸһͷ
ҶƲƲ죬㲻Ӳţֳȳȸղ˵ĻȻû½Ҫúˣ
ˣԵһľһ׮飬͵Լˡ
ǸĶҶɵҡҡͷĵ뿪ˡ
ȳȡ½ǰؿֳȳȡ
ֳȳȵͷˡ
֪Ϊʲôʵֳȳ˵ģȻ½ദʱ䲻ãĪģȫ˵Ļ
Լֱʧһ㡣
½Цĸӿˣԭ忡ڻ¸Կʡ
ֳȳЩ߳ŭ׺ݵ˵׼Ц
½ƵȻֳܹȳȷ̬ȣǰһֳȳȰļһʢЦ⡣
ֳȳŷȻһۣƽ俴һЦٵģرغÿҲرĹƻġ
ֳȳȲ˼صͷﰵԼ
Ȼ֮⿪ˣҲʱˣôãҪôأ½˫һֳȳӵ˻
ֳȳȲͰ͵˵ʲô㲻Ҳû˵𣡡
ҹٴΣСƭӡ½˵ҧҧ
ʱ֪ж尾üηȥأǶţֱӶ
ҪúùܽһȻԺɲ죿
ֳȳȷʵеˣɻӲҲ֪
½ƼϣЦһǡҾԼˡ
ʲô
ֳȳȻû˵꣬ͱôסˣֳȳһӾ͵ɴ۾
½һֻֽذסͷһֻεӵıûаĻᡣ
أ½ưԵǿƵĹ£ֳȳֹͣ½ƻΪΪ
֪˶ãֳȳȾÿˣ½Ʋŷſ
ֳȳȸϽ˺üʿǺۡ
½ƿŻСͨ죬һֳȳȣһ¶鲻Խȥ
ֳȳȻûָ鳱֮С
ˣϲֳȳȲԾ롣
ʵʱһֱѹԼԼȥ½ƣΪһ뵽ֳȳɬۡ
ԭϲ
ֳȳﳤ̾һˣ֮֮ɡ                        
лҪ˵һдϷˣͷͺ

 45 

ֳȳȻָǵʱѾֳȳȵػСƵıţڵض˶
𶯣ұһ
½ֳȳȲٶˣ̹Ȼ½ƵĻ˸λá
˵ڵˡ
𣿡½ʡ
ߣֳ֡ȳʣµĻû˵ڣ½ԽԽӣϽĿڣ˲ˡ
Źԡ½ĳ
ȳȣ֪֮Ҫʲô𣿡
ʲô
Ρ½ֳȳȵضͷԣ㹻Ρ
ֳȳȺ˺ߣɿ½ıҲͷ˵á
Ȼ˺ˣǾҪúȥ
½ЦˣĴʯͷڷŻԭء
ֳȳ½ƻ£ͻȻһ£彩һ˲
ôˣ½ע⵽ķ
ֳȳȲ֪ôڣ˵֪Сϲ𣿡
½ƿ۾˵֪֪ΣҲûʲôϵ
ֳȳ̾˿
ôҪͷڹ꣬Ҫҷ֣½ࡣȻҪ
½ҧҧ
ֳȳȰһۣ˵ҪΡ
ѾȷԼ⣬ֳȳȵȻΪᣬŲĳЩӾݵԼøˡ
⻹ࡣ½ڷģŮѿ̫ɵ
Ժͷ̧ͷģС롭
벻ҲԼ£׽ţͱˡ
СѩʵС껹ǴҪΪ¶˺Сѩĸ顣
ѩ͸òˣ֮ҲҪΣ𣿡
ֳȳ룬ȷʵСѩĸôˣӹɵġ
㡭һֳȳȵ˼
һʱ׼ˡ
ֳȳİԵᡰߡһ
ҹˣķҲˣֳȳȿ½ƵĻһú䡣
ˡ½ƷֳȳͷϵͻȻһ١
ʲôֳȳվ࣬ʲôˣ
½Ҳվҡҡͷ
̫ˣҲ̫Զֻܸо˿
ڳֻйӴһǳеĳһ԰ص½ôⲦ˻˭أ
ܹȷǣ˭ģô͵Ϯ϶ǲ⡣
ȰǺ
ֳȳѸٵرӰ½˼
ʵ˭Ѿ˴𰸣ϾĺܣŻѡɱڣնݳ
½ЦһȫȷҲѾȷˣĳҲڿԱˡ
ûãųǼ˴
ôˣ˭
½ҡҡͷʮȫߡ
졣꾪һ
ʮߣҪذ
Ҫô죿
ڣߡ½ն˵г׷ǵġ
⻰ڰЩϽʰҪľֱӲˣҪ
ųѩ꣬Ҷ㿪һֳȳȺְ̡
áҶʶػشȻعζأ
ң½ǹһĨǳЦ⣬Ҫ˭ˡֺõ·ߣһСʱͣҡ
СֳȳȶȻܾ̫Σˡ
ǰҪһߣҪһ
½εЦЦʮߣ߸˶ҲǶ֡
ο߸ﻹͨˡ
Ǿһߡֳȳն˵
½ҡҡͷвò顣İɣҵǲǲһƽµġ
һ̫ΣˣҪɡߡų顣ҲҲǸ
½ƻҡҡͷһ˷׶ء
½ưٰ֣ųȻģòߡ
½ƿ˿ΧĻ㵽һ棬ﵽģײˡ
ûȵǲ˹½ȴһϤӰ
ٳȥغã˵ôûߣ
֪þʱжżҪ֪Щ˾ڲԶˣһϣжΣգ
ֳȳû˵
ûߣַȻ֪½Ƶı£ǵģ뻹Ǿ
½ƿģ͵͵̾˿Ȼ￪ָжʵ̫Σˡ
ֻ˶Ѿˣ˵ʲôѾˣ½ǸˣȻС¶ϼ
§ֳȳȣң
ߡֳȳȺһƿҪǵбҪðΣջ
½ЦЦˣȵǸղ̫ˣԭҺòã
ֳȳֺһ
ʵҺܿġ½Ƹֳȳȶ˵
ֳȳȱŤתߣʵһеˡ½Ƶı¸òģ˵½ƵĺȣںˣͰ͵ܻ½ָôء
УȻȥҪôĸѩǽأ
ֳȳԽԽúڡ
½ƿı飬̲סЦ
ֳȳһס죬˵ˡ
ѩߵļֻæЩûȼĻûüֳȳȾ⿴ˡ
½˵ԼʮһͷԴʵʵֲ½˵֪˭
ֳȳȺ½ƿһڷ۲ǡ
˿һصǽ㶣û뵽ǰˡ
ϴô죿վмӡ
ӿܣ˵ӦܲԶӦþڸѣ
Χɢ
˲֪ǸоʲôϹèӣֳȳǲĵط߹
ֳȳüôô죿
½Ƶ˵½
ֳȳһӵɴ۾ԭ˵ôô졣
½½ֳȳҲڣȻֻǴ˸кͻ˷䣬Ȼӡ󣬿ǣ½½Ƶ
ֳȳȿ½ƣ½Ƶᣬ˿½ƻЦЦ
ֳȳȵͷѪһ½ƶ˵Ļ
˵ĶġֳȳţЩۡ
½ľν෴ֵ֪ɡЩ飬Ҳýˡ
ֳȳȿ½ԽԽӰЩš
½صס֡
½ԽԽھԼĵطͣ
ɣ֪
ֳȳ½˵½ơ
½治ɫֳȳվ
½ǺһЦô㵽ˣ
½Ʒʵѵɱ𣿡
½Цôأҵֶػصġ
ֳȳҪǿʱԣĺ뷭ۣʮҹϮ˵Ҫˣ⻰š
½Цǵɵɵ½˵㲻Ҫҡ
½ıһӾͱˣ½Ƶ鿪ʼ׺ݣʱ˻Ǹŵĵһģڿϵߣǵ۶صĻسأΪ˹һò㻹ҾܾңǸҪΪڻǰһûҵʩܻã

 46 

½ı飬½ƷЦˣֻЦݼķ̣ЩԼɣ
ȻұΪûǸ쿴ҵɫӣҾܺúá㣬û뵽½ŭ߾ˣССһȻԺܶ࣬û뵽ôӻˡ½ԽԽޡ
ʼʱҵ½Ƶ鷳ɵȺ½ƴʺʹҲҳ֡ĩΪ½Ѿ˻һû뵽Ȼš
ôûܣûˡߵһҾܾ
ǡ½Цھɱ֪ͬôĸĸ档
ҵĸĸҲɱİɡ½ʡ
ʵڶεѾ½ɱĸֻ֣һֱû֤ݡ
ҰϧǸɵǰҺúչء½ΡǰѾˡ
½Ʊ˱ۣһƬΪʲô
ΪʲôҪ־ҪԼ½һƬѪ죬СҶӰѧϰãҹɣҶ£Т˳ǺǣʦͬѧҸУΪһǮ½ͼ̳ȫŲֻҼ׷ӣƾʲôƾʲôҲ½ҵƾʲô
ֳȳȿǰһ½ֻͷһμԼû˵ô׵ģ˵˲Ǽʣ
ϸˣ½һҿǵѪù
½û뵽½ɱĸĸȻΪʣеЦǺǣ̫Цˡ
۾½ɱĽ
Ǹ½
½Ҳգ˵ôһֱĵĻ泩˺ࣺܶΣ޶ɷֻûԼĶ
ǡ
½һۣ·ʱע⵽ֳȳƵģȻһôСϲǿϧˡ
˼һתֳȳȣպС˴ɱ޹֮ˣɣֻҪɱ½ƣҾһ
Сһ½ƵˣǺǣҪ½Ʊͱһ֪жʹ࣬;˼
ֳȳûס͸һۣɵӿ
½ְؿ½
½һ;ŭգͷ˻ôţǣЦһĽػ׵֮Ȼô壬ͱһ·
ֳȳȿĵ䣬Ͻ½ơ
Ҳ֪½Ϊʲôڶûг֣ѵǹ˼ʲô
ֳȳ̫࣬ۿҪǣ½ƾ׼ܡ
½ĵֱھһߵĵطͻȻֳͣȳȵɴ۾·𣬷·Ǳһ͸ǽڵסˡ
½ƣ϶ûģΧ½Ҳûбˣѵ¼ܣ
ȷʵ½Ƶ¼ܡǰͻ뾫˹ǲҲ𵽷ãŰȫľͷųǰ֯һųһȫԵֵסߵĹ֮ǰûż֡
½ֳȳȵֽ˽ʾ
ֳȳ˲Ͱġ
½ҲסˣΪĵ½ûܵģڡҲֻǸܣߵĺܣ½Ϊ⣬ǽҲ
½Цһֱ̽½ţԭֱɱڿܾô׵
׵ؾ½Ĵԣ½ҵܹţغݺݵؽɢˣֱʧŰѾ˻
½ֻԴ·Ƶģͷʹѣ˲ʧ˵ͷˣսվ̫ȡ
½Ƽ˻ᣬ˵ץߵһʯͷݺݵ½½ûüܣһ˵ϡ
½⶯Ѹٵش˷
½ƼĿѾﵽֳȳתܡ
׷ǣ
½˷ǣʮ׷ᡣ
вԶ̹ߣϵϵȣҺöıֵסˣֻ½ƵɫԽԽס
û¶ɡֳȳȵĵʡ
½ҡҡͷû˵ȻãǶܵʵ̫ˣ
ʱͻȻֳȳȶһȻǵĳֳȳһϲ
Ӻܿʻ˸ǰųһϳ
˴ʱѾף½ۼֿţһѽֳȳ˽ȥȻԼҲѸٵ˽ȥ
ųһ˵λѸٵ˳ӣգۼ䳵Ӿ쭳ȥԶ
ٶߣĩҲȫϳӵٶȡ
ԽԽԶ½ͣ
ظ磬ô죿ʡ
ظ˵Ȼȥ
½Ȼڵţ𣬶ʮû½һʯͷȥ֮Ȼҵһȣ½ӿ޵Ŀֻţô죿ȱҽҩȻܱסǱסɾͳ˲зϣзĩã
رλò֪жڻ
ֻҪܻڣȻܹлȨ½뵽ϵܣ԰ġ
½ܣ˾Ȼȥ׷½ˣûһ֪һȺǻҪúýѵһ²ǡ
ʱ䲻ˣȴѪԽԽ࣬½ŲסˣǻûżҸ취ֹѪ
ĽҰ⣬һ˶ûУ½ֻܴԼܵ⣬һһ֣
һͷֿʼʹҲûʹһ˿ܡ½˲ͻˣأأȥĶˣ
½Ҳû˼ȥͷʹͷʹˣʹȫȥͷܣãȻûʹܡ
½׻ˣֻҪܣзҲûʲôûܣ½ȥʲôĺ
֮ǰ½ƶŵʱͷͻȻʹҧأʹ϶½йϵҲ֪ʲôֶΡ
½ŭ޵Ҫ½ǰһҪң
ϣȺϣϣܰ½ƴ
˺þã½ԼŲȥʱظһȺڻˡ
½أץ𣿡½еʡ
ظҡҡͷԲ𡣡
һȺʲôã½ƿڴȴҲѣ½ˣô죿
ﻹһ˿ңΪ½ʲôֶܣû뵽½ưŻٵˣԺҲʹˡ
ǣǿųǸ׷ϡظ˵
һȺ½ǵĽڣżĲУ½ˣô죿Ҽ׷׷Ҳˡ
ǡظͷ׼ȥ׷
ţ˰ͻȥ
ǡظһ֣Ӷβˣ½ӵϱ
˻ˣܲһ㣬һȺ½Ķȣ۵ðˡ
ǣСһ㡣˳ϻ̳ϿֵصǸҲ
½ͳͷ£ѾãȺ˶ͦ
ǣȥ׷½ظһȻվԭأ̲סüһȺûɫĻɫ
ǣȥ׷ظϹϾػش½𷣣Ͻʣµ¼׷½ǡ
ʣеһ˰½һţ½ѵгظȥ
ԶظȻͣ˵ıӰĿ
ظ磬ǹԶˣô׷õ˵ĵ˵
ظ翴ŵϵĳޣû˵
׷ǿ϶׷ģ˿϶ûˣ½Ը񣬿϶ݺݵسͷǡظ˳˼
ԣ½ԸǸովͻͷǣȴûжֻ֣һ㣬ظղſ½ʱǱģԼλƵȣۡ
ߣǻȥظ翴촦ҹ˾

 47 

ȴ˵ߣոӹһٵֳȳȴŴԼСࡣ
еֻ޾ĺڰ½Ѿ׷һ
ųϲʣôˣ
½ư½˵ʮӺҿųҺøˡųҲңҺøˡ
ôֳ֪ȳȾȵʡȫ̶½һôû⻰
ߵʱ򰡣˵ҶʮӺ½ƣҲܣܴţƣųԽ˵Խ
һѵܣڻֻջ𣬵ʲôģ˵ܴܷ˱ˡ
ֳȳȿߵ½ƣô֪£Ҫ֪϶
˵˰õġֳȳʵ½еӡ
Ȼûֱ˵ıֳȳﵣŵҲû뵽ֳȳȻֱӻ֮ϲء
һΪֳȳû뵽½Ͱź˺֣ǳĵɵһ
Ҫʱôû˵ֳȳǨŭųҪҪʱų¶˵ˣҲ϶ںˡ
˵أһûüͲˣҾŷȻҲûһҲһųҲĪˣʱôô죿һӾûӰˡ
½ơ͡һЦ˳
ֳȳȵˢľͺˡ̫ˣΪ½һ˻ʲôΣգ뵽˼ͰźһУʱ䶼ãǶ˶ˣͰ͵ܻ½϶ҪЦˣУȻȥҪôĸǽֳͣȳȶͷ
½ԽЦݣֳȳûס£ЦЦΪ㡣
½ǿסЦ⣬˫֣᣺˺ˣҴˣԺʲô¶˵òã
ų׾ˣĻͣʲô
ǡų̲ס
ʲôûСֳȳʶػӿ½Ƶ֣ϵ
ǡ𣿡ųʶһ䡣
ųȻеֱУϾҲǸŮѵˣڸ鷽沢رٶۣղŵĻر񡭡رһˡɿֳȳһϵӣеȷˣһת½ơ
Ȼǡ½ƼֳȳȻĹϵﲻˣȻֳܻȳ½ˡЦ˵ĹϵˣһֳȳԺַأֳȳȵ˽⣬ҲûС
½ƹϵֳȳȵ֣ųƤӵ»˻Σ˼
ʵֳȳ˵˸ղǾ仰֮еˣղȫʶΪȫûйӣȻȻĸѩ֪Ҳ֪ղŵľٶ½ˡԥ֮ʣĲɵȫûκã˵Ĺϵλεر¶ųǰ
ڶˡ
Բۡųľˣû뵽½ƺֳȳȾȻһˣҿòƺܾ֮ǰ͹ˣȺ˾Ȼûһֵġ
ţơų鲻Խ˴Ĵָ
ֳȳȫҳһŽȼţ֮˵ںˣȫ¶ˡ
½һȻı飬عֳȳȺݺݴ£Ҫ˵˻ӣĻЩ¶
½εЦЦй·ôһֳۡȳȷйˣһס֣˻Ҫ֪
һã˵ʲôûˣֳȳᡣ
һתۣųһԵؿһӰ½ƻ
½Ƽ˵Ƴųһۣúÿӡ
ϣųϵŲߡ
Ѿû׷ˣΪ˽ʡԴų˼ٶȣٳĿĵǰſţųͻȻ½ƻиϲŮӣ￩һ
ˣ½ʲôҪԺʲôãѩ˺
ų͵͵ӺӾ￴һۣ½Ʊֳȳһᣬ̲ס˸սû½¶⸱飬½ͦϲֳȳȵأ֮ǰĸҲͲʲôǰɣ˭ʱûأǰɣųڷ
õֳȳ룬ǲô籩¶˵ĸ飬˵ĸǽ;͵ýͺþãСǱ߶˵
½ƣҪǵȻȥȲ𣿡ֳȳС˵
½ƴۿһۣС
òֳȳק½Ƶ½ǿʼ˵кôҲЧ
С½ƹϾܾ
ߡֳȳһѾ½ǣ·ߡ
ųȻȥʲôҲҪ˵в
ų͵͵ؿ½һۣޱ飬ӦĻˣСаҪСѩ֪ˣҡ
㲻˵Сѩô֪أ
ųͷҡ˲˹ģУҴӦԣҴӦСѩԶƭ
ֳȳĻͦΪۿĵأֻԼ黹û̾˿
ΪʲôԸ⹫أ½ƿķգίʣҾô𣿡
ǰŵų񺮵ض˶ӡ
ҲҲǣǡֳȳҲ֪ô˵Ҿǻû׼ã֪ô˵
˵
˵ܶʲôãǵǻҡܼʣֳȳȾ;Կۣôãѩ϶
½ƣԺ˵òãֳȳʵ벻İ취ֻܼȥ½
Ƥųڳ̫Ŀŵ½ƵҡΣСذ
½ƿ۾ˣаɡ
ֳȳ˷ܵزá
½Ʋÿɷ񣬿ôЦݣеᣬǿġ
ˣշɡ
ǣǲҪһ㽱Ȼͬˣ½ҪֵϢɲ̫Կˡ
ֳȳԥһ˵ͷ
ôõķϣ㽱ֺη
½üͷ
ֳȳȻߣ͵͵ؿһųؿųűɿ½һ¡
½Ʋ⣬ֳȳһӣסЦ⣬ˣȷһЩϢȼţԺһһֻ
ǰſ濪ʵһֱ͵ųһĻĪᣬҲжˣô͸оһ칷أ
㶨½ƵֳȳȿʼųҪǧҪ˵©졣
ų˵ͷȻ˫һ£Ҳض¶
Сѩһµô죿Ķ¶һ㣬ųеġ
û¶㲻˵˭ֳ֪֪ȳȿ½һۣһ䣬ԺҲ֪ġ
½صͷ
аɡ
ˣҪôܻ¶ųʡ
ֳȳȸղž⣬һЦû¶а취
½üеİ취ˡ

 48 

ڻˣȴĸһֳȳ³Χ˹ûʲô¶ɣû˰ɣ
û¶ˡֳȳһɵ˵
ǾͺãǾͺáĸ˿
˭ųʳԼɻո˰죬Ҳû뵽ǵʲôˣôƽ޹ʰҹ͵Ϯѵǳ
Ǵ̳ǼһֱûⷢҪɱǣڽˡ
ֳȳȲɵÿ½һۡ
½ҡҡͷһȺͽˡ
ֳȳ΢΢̾˿
ѩһֳȳȣղʲô˼ȥôòԡ
ֳȳȺ½ƹϵҲһ㣬ǰ컹ڳսֳȳȵԸôȥ½ơ
ֳȳɣһţŲæش·ͳһӣⲻϳҰӪˣͻȥˡ
𣿡ѩһ˫ۻɵؿΪһӣͲΣյܻȥ
ǵȻֳȳһȻģԴôңӲӿһˣҪǶǽɶûв˳ˣ˵ܲȥ𣿡
ѩеˡ
ֳȳ˵Ҳ󣬵˻ͦ۵ģر˵һ䣬ѩĩûв˳Եʹࡣ
ðɣˣôҲ˵һһΪô𼱻ǵôءȻֳȳȵĻѩղŵΪȻ
ҵʱżŸϽȥЩ˻ûҵӣԼһܻ˭֪һȥϣ͵ˡֳȳȼ治ɫر߻ѻ
˵أ㲻֪Σʮߣʮ²ԲֲѩĺݺݵشһԴ
ֳȳȳʹסţҲ𣬺˺ˣԺҲ˺òã
ѩǿŹ
ѩֳȳȳһһתͷ½
ֳȳȳƤգһ۾
½Ǹ㶨˵˼΢ɼص˵ͷ
һ㾪Ķǵ׷ֳȳһҲûϢ˼ɴŸ·
Ҳ׷Ȼ׷ᣬ֮󣬾֮ҹҲ·
ΪҶļ룬ÿ϶˿Կȫҹ̵ҪΨһϰԴ㣬ΪѰ㹻ʱǲòԶ·
Ѻγҩİ£ֳȳҲγˣس̵״̬ʱࡣ
ʱĸ·ü˶еƣˣôγֳȳҲðһĵغ죬һ߶Լܡ
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쿴ųҶѩˡ
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 50 

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 51 

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һϲ

 52 

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彩˽ҲһãȻظ͵԰ӽأ
ǰѾͷȥˣôûĸҲֳ֪ȳģ˵˺һֱûֳȳȡ
½Ƹо̫Ծһþɨ˷һ飬ĸķ䣬ЩطûֳȳȵӰĸھȻҲ֪ġ
üͷʣȳûڷ𣿡
ûаĸҡҡͷҸմӷ
ǳȥˣѩЩС꣬м𣿡
һǵҡҡͷһֱڷͽҩʱһγӽ㣬֮ûټˡ
ǲǳӽȥˣ²
Ӧòɡֳȳȵ˽⣬ֳȳȾԲܵˣòʲô°ɣĸֺúõġ
½ƣûڸ뵽½Ƶܣѩæʡ
½ҡҡͷڸղĸ˵մӷʱþϸϸ̽⵽ķΧһ飬ȻûֳȳȵӰ
ˣӿ϶ˣѩ˲ɫ͵һվ̣С꣬ǽûзʲôԾĵط
ûСһֱͦġ˵
ĸɫҲˣϸϸػһ췢£ҡҡͷûУѵʲô⣿
뵽ܣĸӻ˻Ρ
½ۼֿطס̣ȱġ
ĸôܲġ
ѩĸ״̬ʵ̫ã˺þȻطϢˡ
½Ҳĵغܣֻ֪żܽ취ǿԼ侲˵ȿûʲôԾĵط
Ȼ˺ܶ飬һ˾ôˣҲ̫һ㡣
½ƲΣŷһ鶼мѭġ
ǼѰ£ȷʵ˺ܶ಻ͬѰĵط磬ŵ񱻱ƻſһĽӡԼʧİ档
Ȼѳȳȴˡ½˵
꾪һƺܲţȻյ˵ôʲôûأң˯ôҪٺȵҩͺˡ
ѩıⲻĴ˭Ҳ벻ᷢ¡
Ϊʲôֻгһ˱ץأҶͻȻʡ
һʱĬһȷʵ̫ϳ
Ӧǳȳߵġ½ƿһĺۼ˵
ΪʲôѩʣѵֳȳʶЩˣܣʶֳȳҲܾôʵظߣһûĸ˵һѩ뷨
ɼȻʶֳȳΪʲôҪߣ
ûд򶷵ĺۼ½üһ࣬ȳӦʲô취ЩΪֻһˡҲǳȳߵԭ򡣡
ѩһӾͿˡ
ˣôҪһ˵ܣĸҲڣֳȳȾͲòǵİΣΪ˱ʲô취ӽӡƶ϶ˣ
괹ͷ鿴С
ô죿ѩĨĨᣬļ٣þҵֳȳȲǡ
½ƿſڣｹѡӡֻſڸһЩþ̽ˣ·ϵĽӡѾ紵ɢҲۼ
Ҫ֪Щ뿪ķͺˣڿԶ̽⵽⣬Щ˼Ȼ֪ˣһǳȥӣ˵סĵطӦòԶ
ںͷһһ֪Ҫ˷Ѷʱ䣬ʱһֳȳȵȫͻһв
ʲôû𣿡½תͷضꡣ
㶣Ȼ޾ķŭ㻳ȴУɵСˣҰѳӽ㵱Լ׽㾹Ȼҡ
˵˵ţ
ѩ˲ᣬȻ½Ʋ˵½ƣ֪żұż㲻ҪſڿӺ֪㲻̫ϲС꣬СҲкܴƫСԲˡ
㣬ءſѩίķޡ
˺ˣ˰ԣԲˡѩűο
Скܶ಻õĵطѩôҲ֪鲻
½ر۾Ȼòǡ
˵꣬½ƶŶ
㡭ѩıӰü
ҲȥҶһȥ
㿴½ƣôôСꡣ֮ǰ½ƶС갮Ҳˣɽ˵ĻҲ̫ˣѩųԹ
ų̾˿Ҳ½̫żˡ
żҾͲż𣿡ѩ˵ұҪżһ򱶣
ⲻһų֪ô˵
ȻһˣҺͳʲôϵͳʲôϵѩ߷߲ƽ
˵ǡųû˵©죬Ӧˡ
УҲóȥҳȥӲ֪жΣաѩɿӵĸ첲ͺúôڼչһ°̡
˵꣬ѩĻӦҲҴˡ
ȵҡųһ˳ȥϽϡ
꾲һᣬȻϵۣǹһĨζ΢Ц
֪˶ãһͣ
ֳȳ͵͵һֱע⵽СʱﲻɵЩżҲ̫Զһ㡣
ͬʱǰĿտֳȳЩɻûнĿɼֻаããѩͣʲô
ʱӶĩβ߳ˣһյô򣬲һǿյؾȻ¶һ󶴡
ֳȳۣԭǾȻסڵ£ӼЩֳȳԽˡ
֮ǰûע⵽ǿյʲôͬϸһֳȳȷеĶߡǿϵѩطϡ࣬ϸϸؽе̺ʽһֵܹģΧǰããһƬ۸Ƭʲô쳣˭ƶ²Ⱥ˾Ȼѻؽ˵¡
ֳȳȿЦһ£ֻԾˡ
ǲǾú棿翴һۣ˵
ֳȳȺؾ̾Ҳ̫ˣô뵽ڵ½صģ
Եԭһķϵķնɰȫˡ
ֳȳȻصͷԭˡ
Ȼȥ֮ǵ˵֪𣿡
ֳȳȲ̫˼Ȼ˳ӵĵͷ

 53 

һնֳȳԵĸоůһ㡣
ϣһ˳ȥǲջ˺ܶࣿ·նֳȳȾͿſվ˲ˡмһ۾ֱˡ
ֳȳȹߵ˶㡣
ңɡԼ󣬸ˣȴһڣȥһõĶֵӵģΪȺء¶ı顣
˵Ͻǲ֪˰ɣȥһŪôһƯﻹ֪㰡
ϽԺֵܣɲܳԶʳ֪𣿡һɫԵضֳȳȿһۣȻζ˵
ǿ϶ġϽظŵ˵
Խ˵ԽףƫƫǰЩ˷·ϰΪƵģһһЦˡ
ֳȳĶģͷ
ˣϹˣһûȥϴ󽻲ءϽܴĸоٺһЦֳȳȼǰߡ
һ·ϣÿ˶һЦݣֳȳΪʣطˣһ·ȻһŮ˶ûп
Ҳ̫һ㣬ֳȳü
ߵһǰʱϽŰֳȳ˽ȥΪֳȳȵС˵ԹԵţһ
˵꣬Ͻ͡žડһŹˡ
ֳȳ˲ͿǺǡҪʲôȻԶһҪ취ӳȥ
ǰſžͺܽʵֳȳȲĵĻ˻Σ˿
ֳȳȺʹŶ˺һŷˣֻѰұİ취
ת۲ڵģʲôҲû취ֳȳֻǽţʲôûУֻһŴ
ӦǹѺ˵ĵطˡ翴ô˵Ů˶ڷ
ֳȳŴ£ɵ̾˿
ȻֳȳȾһĺëȻ΢ĺ
˭ֳȳ͵վǽڡ
ɵ˺ð죬ȻûлӦ
ֳȳȴҲҳضẈ̂ǴӴϴġ
Ź飬Ǿֻ˵бĴڡǣ/Ϊʲô˵
ֳȳȲüѵ˯ˣոôĶû˳ѣ˯ҲĹġ
˭ֳȳֿһ顣
Ծû˻Ӧ
̫ˣʲô壬ֳȳȲһİͬһյĿռ䣬ֳȳ־ò͵ԼֱЩ磬ǿܹͰֱһһСس߹ȥ
ֱĵƹ˵΢΢ģܱûкãֳȳȾֱǿ˴ϵϺ͹һ״ȷʵǸˣֳȳȲ˿ƣֱһŲҰ׵һ˫ն۾
ֳȳ͵סͣԼг
ô˵ֳȳȲɵñԹһ䣬ˣ
˻ǲ˵
ֳȳȲɵüŮ״̬̫Ծ
źһξֱۣŮ˻۾ǻкľһʬ塣
ιôˣֳȳȷţ̲סǿ˻Ρ
ҡŮ˷˸
ɳƣڲϻһǳĴ̶ֳȳۼؿеࡣ
ôˣһǱ˴һʲô˴ȻǲԶֳȳȻ̲סʳ˿ڡ
޹ء
㡭
Ů˺ȻŵֳȳȺһ󲽣Ů˿һ̲סȰ㻹ǶĹԼΪܻһҡ
˵꣬Ůֱͦͦˡ
ǰŮӳôƯɲʲô顣Ů˻ۣЦԼԼԹ˲ϾȻ˼ıˡ
ֳȳȶ˶٣ʣ㡭ǰģ
㲻ҲǣŮ˷һ䣬ֳȳҭˡ
㡭ӳȥ𣿡ֳȳȼб˶طĲ̽
ŮںڰȻ˫ۣȻֻϣǣΪӾӵóȥ𣿱ˡ
صôܣƾ޸֮Ůˣôӵóȥֱ쿪
㲻ȰңԼӣһŮ˵˵һ䡣
ֳȳȲۣû˵
һͻȻˣ΢΢
ԷˡһƳͷغô򣿺ں˰
䣬･
ֳȳʶؿԭﾹȻߡ
ϣʲôʱһƯֳȳöſվţö˵ߣ˵۾ɫԵתתȥƳһţ˽
Ͻġ֪ʲôʱڴϵŮ
ȥĽŲ˶٣ɤŲԾıһޣϽôǸվʲô˲ģ㻹вң
ⲻвѡŮ䵭˵
ߡ˲мһɤŻǺܴȴ߻صͳԡֱʢһЩڵ顱һְŹˡ
ŮȲؼϵǶˣһҭֱֳۡȳ˳ֵݸһ
лл㡣ֳȳϵĵл
Ůһץ룬๾ࡱ˺üڣȫ˳ȥˣ˵ҿɲǰ㣬Ҫ㱻ˣϽҲӲ˹ϵ
ллֳȳЦЦǰŮȻûʲôûǸȵˡ
ֳȳҲеˣʣֻ룬շŵߣɻüôйζ
ĻʳȻôôڻԣֳȳȲЩ档
Ů˺ĶʱסˣЦһ˵ǵȻⲻҲ⣿
ֳȳһûȣžડһ˵ϣû飬ˮˮһأܿ죬һ㡣
ֳȳʷɵĺ΢΢㡭˵⣿
ȻʲôŮ˰һۡ
ֳȳ˲;θ﷭ƵģϽס죬ԷԼŻ
Ů˼ЦЦϳıˣŵˮૣǿϧˡ
˵꣬Ķ룬ˮһ
ֳȳȲһֵ˵֪⣬ô
ⰡֳȳȾԼܵ˳
ôˣǡŮ˺ݺݵؽЩֳȳȴУԣˣԻڿԶ٣أܳȥʱЩǳԻǲԣ
ֳȳȳĬˡŮ˻˼ⲢֻǽУѰɼĶѵ˵ֳȳȾθˡ
ŮΪЭˣϳıԣԣҪˣҿ㵹мɫúһ¡
ֻЩҰ˻ϧŮԽñ
ӣʲôʱǸͷأ
ϵˣҪҪһ£ֳȳȵݸŮһֻҩ
˵ƹ⣬ֳȳȿĸˣŮϻãӺȫ׵ĺۼǰѩҩûꡣ
ŮĿͣϵҩϣĿԽԽУֱһһεĻ䣬ԭСص
㡭ôˣֳȳȲһƿҩôġ
֪˶ãŮ˽ӹҩлл
ֳȳȵĵؿôˣ
Ůҡҡͷû˵ڴϣҩģӿˡʱΪһ֧ҩʧȥ˶٣ȴ׾ٵĵõˡŮ˱ۣ͵͵Цˡ
ֳȳȼ״̬̫ԾҲҴʼ۲췿İ衣
ӳ£һжԵøˣֳȳȷַŴľȻʲôûС
ֳȳ̾˿£ôӣ

 54 

ڷյĿռʱǹ쳣ֳȳȲ֪˶ٱӣִˡ
ֳȳ͵һվ΢΢۾ˣϽ
Ͻֳȳڵƹһ˷ܵ˵СˣԺͺúøң֪𣿡
ҿǣûаֳȳȴϴǰҪȻﻹķݣغˣԺúõܼˡ
˵ţϽѴһأȲ·
ȵȡֳȳȻŵĺһôҲû뵽Ȼż
ɫؿ۴ϵŮˣŮ˻һһ
ʲô·̫񣬺ܲѣϽһżѵþ͸ˣȲǰһߵֳȳǰɫԵشÿ
ﻹˡֳȳ΢΢㿪ϽĴ
Ͻʶؿ۴̣һùǸˣ㻹Ǻú룬Ȼôȡҡ
˵ţҪ
鼱֮£ֳȳʹȫ͵һƣϽ⧲ˤڵء
Ͻû뵽ôڵ˰Ρ
ֳȳȾĺһ˸ơôҲһʵʵߣķһƣ
عϽӵĿ⽥𺣺֮ǰװİɣ
ֳȳһһ
ǺǣϽЦһҾ֪ǣȻҵĵ̣ٴҲӲȥ
ģرĲȰ㣬ǺúôңȻĻԿͷʱ򡣡
Ͻһ˹ʱֳȳȺݺݵϥɲϧϽ׼ϵһת뿪ԭء
ֳȳпϧ
ЩϧϽŭɶһתֱֳȳȵظǰžһϽֲڵĴֳִȳȵϣֳȳ˲оջۡ
ֳȳĶ˶٣ֲ˶ԼΪһߣһһӦûЩʤ㣬û뵽Ů֮ܲ졣
ϽΪʵˣЦһʼ·
ֳȳȲɫؿ۴ţոѾˣЧǲģոպ˰죬ûһ˻Ӧ֪ôǲǣӦҲ㹻ˡ
Ͻ˺ڰϵ·˸ɾһЦԽԽֳȳսеĵֻ̨ҪٸǰһƴҲҪԿǣ
ûȵ֣顱һϽ͵ס˺ס
Ͻתݺݵض͵Ϯˡ
Ůе롰žડһ˲ˤķѣֹסĲţǺ¼ˡ
Ͻ౻ҵĵطҧгݵ˵첻ѵҪ췴ǰɣҽǵö㰾ȣ
ŮȻһסԼԴ
顱һ
Ů˵Ӻݺݵضһ¡
ˣ£ȥˡֳȳ̨ıû뵽Ů˻ְ
Ů˺ݺݵػӿ֣վղţΪллҵҩ࣬ˡ˵꣬ڵϵϽ˵㻹Ҫôɣ
ֳȳȿŵϵϽ˳˼
ϽֻǱʧִˣ˵ϾͻѹΣһ
ϵĴƬ΢΢Ĳţȴʼ²ȥ֡ûɱˣ˵Ѷϵʵ̫ˡ
ãĴƬ
ǡŮ䵭ĳֳȳ֪ڳЦԼ̫ԼҲ֪ɡ
ֳȳ̾˿ұİ취ɡ
ֳȳȰǽϵĴ˺һһĿֱϽľŰݣ˺ƴ۵ڵֱ
αطôɱ˲͵ˡŮ̲ס
ֳȳҡҡͷҡûɱˡʵ²֡
ҡŮ˱ٿ
ղţлл㡣ֳȳһεлΪŮ˻Ӷû뵽ȻðΣֳȳȲʤм
ŮûпֳȳҲû⣬Ͻ·ҵ˷ԿףһЩ߰ĶһŽ˶
Ҫһ𣿡ֳȳʡ
ҲŲҪһŮ˲ͷ˵Ҫ߸ϽߣҪǱץˣҾС
ֳȳЦЦӦá
Ͻ·һһĴϣζܴ󣬵ʱǼƽϵʱֳȳȻҧˡζ·رҺֳȳϵ·Ҳܺ񣬻ŵ
ֳȳһóԿ״ţһ˶ûУɵ÷һ֮ǰ۴ʣҽֳȳȣԸ𣿡
˺þãŮ˶ûлӦֳȳ׼ʱŮ˵ˣ
ֳȳȵ˵ͷ˵ܳȥһġ
ҡȫĻ
ౣءֳȳ˵꣬˳ȥ
ڴϣնɢߣߵȥ
ߣһߡ
֪ʲôʱֳȳֻˣקĸ첲ק
üΪʲô
ʵֳȳȳŸͺˣϽǻˣˣһϽͻȻ˺ô죿Ͻѣһֱȥ϶ң϶ⲻһĥô࣬ڲˡ
룬ֳȳȻǻˡ
һߡֳȳץĸ첲ն˵
΢΢ЦˣֻЦرǳ̸ӿֳȳȵ֣˵ˣҲһ
ӳȥôף
ѵһӲյش𣿡ֳȳüͷղѾ۲ˣ沢ûжˣӳȥظʻǺܴġ
ղųȥʮңֳȳ΢һЩǿ쵽ҹԭûмˡ
ؿһۣصͷãҸһߡ
̫ˣǿ߰ɡֳȳȼ˵ǳˣްá
˴룬һγš
ֳȳǰ·ס֪һ·
ֳȳȺɵظ
ͨõ򣬵ƹأ޶˵Ļš
ȵȡֳȳͻȻڡ
ôˣعͷһۣΪ⡣
ꡭֳȳȰʳָ߱Ȼһ£ָָǰ
ԣֳȳȵưǽڣһǰؽŲ
ֳȳȡ
ֳȳרעĿǰҲҳ
Ѳߵĸ߹ûзֳȳǵټ
ǵĽŲԶˣֳȳȳһ
߰ɡֳȳѹɤ˵
˵ͷǰߡ
ԽߣֳȳԽòԾ˶ʮˣôûڣ˵ǽ·ⶼ·ķѵʱˣ·ѲߵƺҲеࡣ
ֳȳȲü㡭
ˡתЦЦЦݱ֮ǰЦҪеĶ࣬ȴֳȳȾû

 55 

͸ֳ࣬ȳȿǰĳǰǷնĳڣһϼӷصҪ֮ء
طԱ֮ǰĵطҪ߼Ķ࣬ſðĸĸߴ˰š
ֳȳȲؿʲô
ȳǰɣЦе˵һæȻҲԣǾһɡ
ˣֳȳüͷС˵
ȻûСЦҡҡͷ˷ܼˣҵһ죬Ѿ̫̫ˡ㣬취ҴǸ
ҪʲôֳȳȲʡ
㲻عҪʲôֻҪҵĻҴȥͺá
ֳȳȿܰصĴţҡҡͷķˣôܽȥ
ֻҪǳһƶûҪ˵ȥˡ
ֳȳȰԺһԭ·أɲһ
һסֱۣ˵ˣҪǲңǾһ
쳣Ŀ⣬ֳȳֻЭˣȻĻ֪ʲô¡
ôܽȥֳȳȵͷƤ챻ץˣȻû뵽ȥİ취
㣬·
ʲôֳȳ̧ͷؿζضֳȳȲŵ˵Ҫʹ˼ƣ
˵ͷ
ǣ㿪ʲôЦֳȳҪЦˣʹ˼ѾˣʹĲҪˡ
ȥҿɾͺˡԸ⣬ʼв
վס˭ʲôŵļһǵӰ
ߵسĵЦЦ磬㲻ʶˣҿ
ϣЩ֪ʲô˲࣬㵽ʲô˵ôģ
קŵֳȳȲʼ
ȴֳܵȳǰһƣ˵ⲻϽ˸ʻˣҴϴ󿴿
ƣǲǷǳΣֲֳȳԵͷ
ŵļһʱˣŮ˲ͷ¶棬ǹ񣬻һˣһʣǰһûˡϴиˡ
һʱ֮䣬ﶼЩᣬǵҲû£ʣϽôԼ͹ǻǵϽ绹һء
ѽһҲ˵Ͻˣֲǲ֪һ˾ƾ͸ͷһⲻТϴ󣬺ôû˷ԸһӸ
ⶼҹˣҲ̫˵㡣˵ϴѾ˯ˣǲʱȥҲ졣
Ȼ˵ŵļ˻˸˽ȥѯһ
أ˭֪ϴŮˣҪ֪ǰһƷ֮⣬ʲôͷ
ɹ˴룬ֳ߬ȳȵֲ˽
ֳȳȴһ룬̧ͷȻ֪Ҫʲôܹ鲻ʲô顣
ˣȥɡղŽȥֳָָȳȡ
ϡ쳣˷ܣֳȳȾҪȥ
ȵȡ
ֳȳﶼһ٣ȴ¶ɫЦʣôˣ
Լһ˽ȥ
Ҳȥ£˵ĻǸ˶˵ģֳȳû塣
Ҳ֪˵ЩʲôߵЦԽˣתתȥУȥɣԺɵֵǺú棬֪𣿡
콿ߵЦˣǵȻ
ˣȥɣϴ󶼵ȼˡ
˵ҲɣղȥʱϴûûˣһᣬϴϽͽڽȥ˵Ļϴ϶⡣
ĵӦһֳȳȽ˷䡣
һݣֳȳȾŵ˷ǳŨصʯ骻ζס˺
ǰһŷǳĴǰ׻һƬһֳۣȳȾͿ˴ϾȻŮˣϽۡ
Ͻģ̧ͷҿ
ֳȳȶǰĵ̧ͷϴ󿴿
ֳȳȻ̧ͷǰһ⣬㽡׳ֳȳ¿ʲôÿĶ۾ֻϿ
ǲôŪãֳȳϻк׵ӡЩۣôʱûֱ͹أЩ
ЦǺǵ˵ⲻ´ŵϣֲǲ֪ĶȽҰһپͺˡ
ϧˡҡҡͷ²ңϽԶʳɣϽ㱨ʱ򣬾Ȼһ仰ûᣬ˸ˣأ
ˣⲻһЦ
аɣҺúÿ˶ֳȳ֡
ֳȳȲںһѡ
ֳȳŤͷؿһۣ񣬲ȻŲߡ
ǣֳȳĵЦһ
ƺˣƫɵɵףڵֳȳȾǺڣǳĺڣ֪һˣôᵽﻢµĵز
˼ԭأȲ˴ҪֳȳѸٵƿˡ
ۿҪֳˣϴǧҲ°ǸƻأȽϺߣżˡ
˵ţһŤһŤߵ˵ߣһĵЦݣҪʾʾ
Сһ¡
˵ʵ֮ǰֳȳɬŮӻܸȤԴӽӴŮ˶֮ãַŵÿŮ˯Ÿζֳȳ̫ò͹ֱһ߶֣һ߶ֳȳȵ
ֳȳŲöһ˫۾
һ˫һն˫ۡ۾ǸƯŮﻹ§ſ䲢ŮӣĩǰӦǻѧͣòЩƣӦһԽãȴϵĺۼֳȳԽԽôĿģ̵رеŭҲԽԽʢȺ
ˣСӶŹ
һĶֳȳط¶ͳʲôݺݵش˵Ĳ
ԭĿҪɱˣֳȳȻȻ
žһ˱˦˳ȥŲؿˣ˵˭ģ
صԵڵأ˺һһ³һѪҸ˵˭ҹġ
˲˹ȥ
ȵߵ࣬͵س˴ȥ
ȴ׼һƺݺݵشͷϣһȣ³մѪݣصڵϡ
ĲӰ׺ݵ˵˵˭ģ
ۣһһ˵ûǺǣǫúÿĲʶң
ǫһֻƿͷ۾ݺһУ
ǰ˽غͼǸغˣ
ǣҾŮ˳ЦЦһ˵Ѫԭ㻹ǵֵ֪ܵó𣿡
ǫЦһ˵Ļһε˼ûУó԰ȻóԣҳԹô⣬Ĭóˡ˵ţǫ촽ƺڻ뵱ʱζ                        
лҪ˵ǲǽ̫˵㣿ھҪ

 56 

㣡ĻؼĿѡ
ɩӣǫͷסĶͷṴЦһа񣬡ǰɣҵɩӣҼǵǰܺÿأôڱˣǲ˺ܴĿࣿ˵Ҫ͸Һˣұ֤ĩǰӣô
ޡһĭϣ˵붼Ҫ룬Һ޲ɱ㣡
ǫĨ˰ûǺǵЦɩӣ˵αأĬѾˣҲǸˣܵǰɣο㲻Ҳ𣿡
㻹˵̲סŻ˼Ҳ̣ĬǸѵΪ˾ô壬𱨵ôңôҡҧгݵ˵
ôңţѵ˭ǾңҲӦø𵽵𣿡ǫǺЦˣɿ֣ңڹöã֪ΪʲôΪһѽҪˣôڵһУ
͵ȥݺݵҧסǫĶ䡣
ǫʹĲҽһһݺݵˤ˵ϣ£ȴûֻһ˫۾ݺݵص
ȥɣǫĻһ׶ײеسȥ
˵ʱʱ죬ֳȳȾߵĵӺݺݵǫ顱һǫĺס
ǫıӰ˻Ρ
ֳȳϲǫһת󲽳˹Ҳ˺ңǺǣҲûǸ£
ֳȳһݣסĺˣץĶʲôһǫӣɲһǫľ뻹ԽԽˡ
ǫԽԽı飬ֳȳзƽˣ˾ͺƴˣ
ֳȳץߵһһֻƿݺݵ
ۿǫʣľ룬ĽŲͻȻͣסˣԭرס
ֳȳۼֿŻƿݺݵҵǫͷϣҳһѪĴ󶴡
ǫŶͷ۵׽˷籩ϱһѱֳ̣ȳȸ㿪ֻһԾǿ˴󲿷̵ֱĹϸСı̴͸˺ֳȳȵغ󱳣۵ֳȳҧء
ȴûôˣǰ˴ı̣ûһѪص˵ϡ
ǫҲٹֻ׷ֳȳȣСˣǵðɱ˰ȣ
䱾Ͳ󣬺ܿ죬ֳȳȾ޿ӣ˴š
ǫЦһסֳȳȵĲ
ţȴǾúԽԽѡ
ǫݣȻ֣ϻȥૣôƯǿϧˡ
˵꣬ǫһͰֳȳ˴ϣģֳȳȵȴԽĳˡ
ֳȳĽ֮ʣһƤޣҲû룬ѸٵؽƤǫĲӣʹȫݺݵؽǫѹ£˫ս
ǫû뵽ᷴ˼ԽˣҪһ
ֳȳﻹ֣ɰڴһˡˣͻлĿܣɣҲͲԶˡ
ǿϾ࣬ǫ˫ֽذƤޣǵ첱Ӵ֡Ȼһö׶ݺݵֳȳȵļϣֳȳȵؼһʹеƤʶض͡
ֳȳһƬ
ǫмع˹ǣǲû⣬ϵƤֽǫɴ۾
һֻС־סֳȳϵƤޣȥȻǸոǸСŮ
ֻСŮǸŮҲסƤޣֳȳע⵽ֳȳģ˼ʹҲݺݵսеƤޡ
أǫֹͣ
ֳȳȼ֣ǫթǣȻƤޣֱÿ˶
ǫҲȫˣɫϣ۾ôģͫҲɢˡ
ɿֵʱֳȳȵļȻû֪Ҳ֪϶˲Ѫұ䶼ʪģȫѪʪˡ
ֳȳڳһڴϣϵĵлллǡ
ǰæƾԼ治ɱǫ
ءǸͲŮͻȻ˵ô찡㣬ɱˣô찡һĲǵģǻ᲻
ԳŮӰıο£¡
һӶҪԸˡ
Ů̧ͷһǵֳȳЦЦҪллǣҪ㡭
ֳȳҡҡͷҪǣҽ϶ɡ
ŮӶЦЦû˵
ֳȳŴӴˡ
ܲãһ̯ѪҪǻЩ΢ֳȳȶΪѾˡ
ֳȳȲҴŲֻѣ
˺һŻۣǣֳȳԵؿͫЩɢˡ
۾תתʣǫ𣿡
ֳȳȳصصͷ
Ц徭סڣϵѪøˣȻ˼̫ˡֻǿϧûܹɱ
֪һжã
ڣһ졣۽ᣬȴúɣ£Ҳܰĵȥˡ
ֳȳһۣΪǸε˵Բƭ㡣
ֳȳȳĬţ֪˵ЩʲôԹ϶еģƭ˵ѾӳȥˣΣյľأ
ɿӣֳȳֺܿ
㲻ԭңЦһЦ΢΢۾ʲôԭأǸŮǣϣԺҪˣΪѾˡԽԽͣԽԽ͡
ֳȳȼ΢̾˿
ˣѾȥּƽʲôأ
ֳȳȰִӴűӰסˣԽñ
ǡҪô죿ԴŮؿһУʵ
ֳȳȹ۲·İ裬˱֮ǰǼһ㣬һҲûʲô𣬳žҲûбͨҲûʲôֵһЩϸСӣǱˡ
ҡҡͷȰɣֻܵˡ
Ⱦ𣿡
ֳȳȻҡҡͷûãڳȥ
ȥǾܳȥģȲ˵ĸδ󺺣һţӵѪζڶڲסֳȳڷǳҷЧãղôĶ˶ûȻ˰ٻˡ
ʱ仹ǰҹЩûǫķԸҽƲǼٵ϶ǰȫģҲһϣϸһ㡣ֻϵãҪЩ˶ǫ˽жˡ
ԣҲֻдڷܻøһ㡣
Ůʧشͷ
ҪҪϢһֳȳȿԽԽ̲ס顣
˯ţŮӿЦһ¡
ҲǡֳȳԳЦЦ˴ϣ˼ܵߡ

 57 

ʱѩӦ͵˰ɡ֪ûзأӦ÷˰ɣ
ˣС꿴ץˣѩǼܿ·ϡ
֪ڵûзļǺأֳȳ̾˿Щǣؿ˲٣Ǽˣܳɹذȳȥ
οԼλá뵽⣬ֳȳȲߵĻӦǷնĵλ˰ɣҪҵ֪ҪѶٹ
ֳȳȿЦ£ԼܿҪɥ˵ˡ
ľˣϣĸѩǲҪ̫ģ½ƣϣ
ļҪҪһ£ŮͻȻ˼
ֳȳ͵ػعҪġ
ʶض˶첲øʹˣ˸첲ˣѪȥ˵ŵˣٵϸСʱҪһȥˡ
ֳȳȿСΪŮӣĵллл㡣
Ůҡҡͷ
һֳȳ鷴ЩһһɣûеĹͷʲô漣пܷڣǻúõػ
ˣǽʲôֳ֣ȳȵҲࡣ
Ůظܵı仯ؿһۣ˵ҽҵͮ
ֳȳЦЦҽֳȳȣܸܺǼ档
ЦݸȾˣ֪ΪʲôԭŵҲࣺҲǡ
˵Уֳȳ֪ͮõ
WˣһĿڵ˵֮󣬼һٱһǿţʵڹȥʱ˵иҴ߻أ͹Ͷ˭֪ȴǸ˵ĵطһþͱȺ͸ĸֿǫĽԺҲûкǵĸĸ档
ֳȳȲɵ̾Ϣһ
㣬ҺöͮĶͻȻؽ
Ļ䣬һ󡰹ࡱ
ͬʱߣֳȳŶӲеε˵˼ҲûԷ
ͬ͡һЦ˳
жķ˲ٵڶҲ޿ɺǣȥҲǲܵģʹֳȳȺͮǫķ﷭
ҵ˲ٳԵģɣЩͲ˵ˣȻкö⣡ͮ۾ˡ
֪ȻôණҺСͮͲöôˡǰһѷḻʳƷ񲻽̾
ǽԴӽ˷նһֱǫõʱ͸ǵԵģ鲻õʱһ춼ǳе¡
㣬ǰ֪ôණҲѽͮǸС̬ʲô˵
ɫһ̲סҡͷЦЦҲǡ
֮ǰĸţ˵ҵЩԵˣ¡
ֳȳִӹҳ˸СмС͵úޣһһ˳ǫСӹûͦ
ͬصͷǫĸʵƵģĩʵԡ
ֳȳһʵɫ˱䡣
ôˣʵ
ֳȳȸϽҡҡͷû¶
²νʵӦö⣬Ϊ˽˵ȻܳԵȥǲҪ̵ʵˡ
ֳȳȰú޵ţСɵĹȥصȴˮ
ȻԳʳǾͲίԼʳھ磬㹻سһ٣ҲҪֳȳֹ۵롣
ͻȻԼﻹмӣæˮǮ˳ҲϴֱӾ˹
㾹ȻߣżӲһͱһˣоǳľ档
ԡֳȳȳЦЦľϵߡ
áͬĽ
ֳȳҲ˽ǳ󷽵ĺǷܹܵӳȥȵѪ֮ҹʱǼǵóȥһգ˵Ҳܼء
һ⣬Ҳ֮ˣֳȳȼãرǸǳ¸ҵŮӣʮͣǳ󷽵ؽһָǡ
۾˲ˣʵѪ֮ҹǳֺɫ𣿡
ֳȳȵͷ
չ֮ͻἤ𣿡סԼһʵ
ֳȳҡҡͷ˲ֳȳȸϽ˵һֻչ֮󼤷ܵĿԸһЩҺҵļС鶼չѪ֮ͼܣȻҲмʧܵġ
ĸꡣ
ЦЦͺܺˡ
ܹܣǿҲñ۸ˣ˲ȼϣĻ⡣
ǵӳȥ˵ʹãҲȻҪʵǱҲ᧿ΣʹѪĿԼܣӲȥһжǰ״
ҲǡҡͷʧЦ
ˣˣԳˡֳȳȿŹ﷭Ȳ˵˵˲˹档
ȳ԰ɡȫʢҲֻнķֳȳȾʹ󷽵ȳԡ
лл̫˼˵
лʲôôԵأ㹻ǳˣ˵ˣҵķɴˣǵȻɲҪŵǡֳȳȸǴԤ롣
̫˵ĻֳȳϸϸȵģűҪܳԶ٣ֻڿЦ
ֳ֪ȳ˵öģеĻҪţֳȳѾŲŵ߰˷ֱӡ
ĿɿڴģֳȳȲ˼ЦЦԲҵķǲŵˣߵķ˵ֳ꣬ȳε̯֡
ͮ΢ͣȳȽ㣬߶ܳ𣿡
ֳȳεصͷǵģҳԵػٵġų½ƳԷļƣҪÿˣǸԾ
񲻽ͮͷЩ΢˼ߺǺãôࣿҵôʳһʱ
ֳȳڳԱ˷ҵһѳԵľȻһС룬Щ΢ĳ鴤
ˣھҲûôô죿
Ա˷ֳȳȾԭΪʧѪ彥ָЩʣĲ֣˼
Ա˽˯⡣
Ϊ¶˯òȣֳȳȾûô˯ˣ˿ȻŽӡ
ֳȳȴ˸Ƿȴûһ˯⡣
ϳԵֶ࣬ڶӻţҲûҪֳȳڴһ߶ܣһ˼ô졣
ˡͻȻ˾ҵ
ֳȳһӴӴĶ̫ϵ˿ڣ۵ֳȳȺݺݵü
û¶ɣҲһǵؿ
ֳȳżҡҡͷû¶
ͮҲˣŵýĻͣıûµģûµġ
Ĵˡ

 58 


ô죿еʡ
ֳȳҡҡͷüŴŵķЩ
ΪʲôôңѵǷʲô淢ʲôеҪǫָʾ
˼һֳȳͻȻغأһģϴοϴȻôѵǣ
ʱֹͣˡ
һ˴ػӦϴ˴ˡ
ˣֳȳȼеʡ
ˣкüߡ
ֳȳһϲ϶½ˡ
ͬ𣿡ֳȳϵЦݣʡ
ֳȳȵͷҡҡͷǡҲǺȷ
ϴôţں
ǫƽʱȾ𣿡ֳȳȸϽ
ʱ˼˵ȾƲ࣬ġ
ֳȳȵͷ룬һߴʱ˿ڣʲôϴȾˣͷ۵úܣǶһȺ𣿾Ƕ򲻹Ҫʲôãȥţϴ˵ͷһ˾ͳȥڳȻϴ˰Ƕ
ʱͣ񲻽Ȼ˸Ĵָ
ֳȳȴֻ֪Ȩ֮ƣϵһʱѲһǫһֱûгȥ˿϶Ծ
Ȼ֪ϴΪʲôû˵Щˣٴߴ٣׼ȥӭУ·һűӣˣϽ
ô⸱ӣ
Ͻͷ󺹣ʣ쵽ûм
㲻ϴ͹˵ǹƯ˵㳢ζûУ϶¶Цݡ
Ͻ˲ˣôͷϾȻһһεĺأأ
ϴ󷿼ءһȻ˵ϽıʵЩ죬ǳ⣬ʵôˣ
ȷڻ棿Ͻ𼱵ǰץס졣
ûüˣؾס죬·ֺ񣬿رݺݵػӿϽ֣õ˵˵ĲǷϻڷģҿۿǽȥġ죬üǹҩˣ
ҽȥϴҪϴ㱨
ϴ˾ƣͷأҿɲȥײǹڡ
Ͻ𼱵òУ˵ԽԼ׼Լȥš
üǳãʲô˼ѵҪԽϴͨ
ϽˣзǳҪҪϴ㱨Ÿ磬ˣҸϴ˵һвУ
ưĵͷȥķţϴϽˣ˵ҪҪ㱨
ֳȳȶʱЩңϽˣѯʵֳȳȿٵؽһ
Ȼ˳ղŵĻ˵˵˵Ȼͳȥˣʲôߣ
ļ˲ԾΪʲôϴһֱ˵ϴԸ񣬾ͷҲѻص֮οһŮظǣҪ֪ϴˣ
ˣϽһţȥ֮ϴ˵ûУ
ŵҲԣ׷ԥҡҡͷûС
ǽȥ֮ûʲôԵĶ
ŵֻ࿴һۣ˵ûʲôһĶر󡣡
Ͻ˵ǿ϶ԾΪϴŮѳֲס̫ӢһЩ룬Ķȷʵ̫һ㡣
Ŵ򿪣Ͻһϴ¶ˣＱüֱȹϵϡ
ɡϴǱϵߣҲЩˡ
ϽԴһͣ¶ϵĴҲߣǸˣϽҧгݵ˵
Ĳˣížʼš
ԽԽҵֳȳȲ̾˿
Ͻ֣֪ԡ
ôˣǲ˵ˣɫЩ԰ף˵
ֳȳҡҡͷ£ϽӦѾµǫˡ
ɵ̾˿§סСͮ
ֳȳȿ΢΢Ĵţսıӡ
ſͦʵģϣܶһʱ䣬Ҳöã½ҹУֳȳȱ˱۾ʱһƬᶨ
һûУļ˳׻ˣ֪ϴܳ£㶼սսһ¡
ô죿
Ͻݵؿһ۴ţ˵ʲôϴǹһ˲˵ôˣѵƷǣοϴˡϽعͷζؿһۣؿɲһûеġ
һϴҲδزʲô£ϽҰĲ롣
˲䣬⼸˾˼ͷʱѽϴˣǵʵҲϴλãôŶһ֮Ҫǵϴ󣬺ٺ١Ͼ㶼¶ζЦݡ
ڣǵȷ˵ҲϽ΢΢ۡŮ˺һӵĳ裬ʲһȻĥǣ
˵ͷŵĶӴˣܣǸոôõţ涼ûһǸҿ϶ϴ϶ʲô⡣УϽ֪ǿ֪ϴطﲻ֪˶ٱ
뵽⣬Խˣƺ˭ȽȥܳΪһϴƵġ
ֳȳȺŶһۣ׷վﶼЩעŴŵĶ
˵Ǿ޴ģҪ˵⻹ߣ͸ֲˣһƵĴšžડһͱײˡ
Ͻһ۾ͿһֳȳȣɭɭأһضֳȳҲʾؿȥ
ϴ󣡡ŵĿڵϵǫʶغһǫɫɫѾһʬ塣
Ͻ۾۵ϵʬ壬һǫģһģЩϧǣûأȻˣϽϧ̧ͷֳȳȣԽȤѪԣϲɣֻҪӦԺԹԴңұ֤׷ҵ£ԺҲúö㣬ô
ֳȳȻشŵһͲؿ˿ڣϽﻹֲ˵ɣ
ǰǰʵ˵ķݣ
Ͻ΢΢ۣɫҲЩơ
ֳȳȻͷҧҧ촽һЦðֻϴŮˣ˭ܳΪµϴҾ˭Ůˡ
Ȼϻвİӡ˿òЩգһЦ·𻨿ޱȵĶˣ˶ˡ
ϽϾѾʶ˼ƣܿѹ⼸۵׵ĵ⣬һǿɱļıŮҲЫĳأǱǫ˭֣
ʶؿڵϵǫǫŴ۾Ĳʣʱе㶼ع

 59 

УŮʲôϽֳȳһϧɫЦˣֻҪץԺô棬˵㣿
Ǽһ룬Ҳȷʵضֳȳȣһ\\Ц⡣
ֳȳЦЦȴǹ˵ģһļǾɣԸҲǵĽ
˵ǸؿҪǽûܻš
ҡҡͷЦЦ
ֳȳȣһҲˣԶ𷴿ʶܶʼر˼\\ΪӵĻδǻΪǸӣ»ˡԣ񲢲Թֳȳȣܸм
ϽֳȳȵĻЦˣЦԲɾɲˣ
˵ţԽԽֳȳһ˱ӣ˦ϽϣӾش
ֳȳε̾˿ϧҼˣʵûʲô±ӣһͳһѴ糤ذס
սذףɱЩˣɱҲǸѡ
ϽЦһ˹
ֳȳȶݺݵͱ˹ȥȴ˸գΪʧ˵ʱϽ塰顱һݺݵҵ˵ϡ
ֳȳΪ죬ȻͿһޱϤˡ½ơ
½վſڣһǵؿ
ֳȳʶسһõЦݡˣΪ
½ƿ㲻ҲЦЦ
СġֳȳȾǼŵĶ½˹ȥ
½ѸһˣЩ˴
ֳȳȻǵһο½ƴܣû뵽½Ƶ־Ȼĸ˴û·硣
أһ˱½ɱˣʣµ˷·ոշӦƵģʼ׳ܣȻǺǿ½ƺԵЩмܲסˡ
ֳȳЩżǰʱһİӣֳȳȻΪǷնˣϽ½ҪСġ
½Ʒֳһ˿˼ЦЦǵˡ
ֳȳȲؿǸӣô֪ǵˡ
ҲλߣǹȽǿĽϵߣֲ½֮£һִˡ
ʣµǸ˼ûʤ㣬Ͻġ
һŰ߷ڵأļʣǫأ
˶߶µָµϵʬ壺ѾˣԲ磬ʶһķϣһòã
˳ֿһǫʬ壬һȻʧĸоûж֣ǫȻˣһʱ֪ʧǿģŽ²סĵˣԽطˣһҸʱôûзŹأ
˵嶶ԽˣҲţϴ󣬲ǫǷŰ
Ӻݺݵ˿ĭģָ仯һƬĵƬ˾ֵгĲӺݺݵػȥһ˾ֹͣҲˡ
û¶ɣ½ƿϵʬ壬˹ʵ
ֳȳҡҡͷû¶
½ۼؿϵĺӡһѿסʣ˭Ūģ
ֳȳȴ˵û¶ˣѾˡһһ죬㿪½Ƶ֣㣬ôģ
½ȴ˵ĿǿƵطظ𣿡
ֳȳȵӺˣôǰתƻ⣺۲ۣĲۡˣôһˣСѩأ
½Ƶ͵͵̾˿˵棬ûһ
ôģֳȳȶ¶ͦġ
ȳȥ˵ɣﲻȫ½ƺͺӶһֳۣȳȵ֣׼ȳȥǳŻ͵͵ģųǼ棬ӦЩˣǵȥæˡ
˻½ǡסֳȳ˵ֻ첲ʹ\\
ôˣ½ƸϽſֱۡ
ֳȳе㲻̫ҿεָָ˵ļ򣺡˵ˡ
½Ƹˣֳȳϻ˿ڣһѽֳȳȱ
ֳȳȳôûܹĴһʱЩסˣܿͷӦϽȣ½ư½Ʋõؿһۣ𶯣ǵøϽȥˡ
ֳȳȴܣһʹ½ͺ½Ƽ˿ڣЭˡ
ŸϽֳȳͻȻ÷·ʲôһͷûվ
°¡·˯ѵƵģǣõָϽǵ
ֳȳȿϧؿһɢڵϵʳǫһӿɶǺöҪСѩͺˡ
̾˿ֳȳȰõ½Ͻ߰ɡ
½Щ֣˲ͱĨƽˡˬӦáʱķȥ
ǰ棬ܿһСͨͨ⴦СͨܿǾ͵˵ϣһ·ϾȻǳ˳
ԭǵ·նһڣǫķرǫԼµһ·ΪʲôôϤأֳȳЩɻ
һ̤ϵ棬ֳȳȾͼѩѩ˷ܵ˹ȴھֳȳȲԶĵط½
ѩǳؿһۡ
½ƽ͵ˡ
ѩһ׷½Ϊһŵؿֳȳȣ˭Ūģ
Ҳֳȳϵĺףŭɶ˵˭ɵģǱɣ
ѩշֵһµļܣ룬Ŀܱγջû˿ĿȻֻܻ
ֳȳȴ̲סЦˣˣѾˣҲû¶ֻƤ˶ѣǿЩˡ
ѩҧҧǱˣ
ôˣ½΢΢üȥ֮ǰǻڸЩ˴ΧĻȻһ˶ûУʵЩϺѰ
ҶһЩ⣺ϽЩˮһǾһܲˣ˻ȥ
˵ѩصĻ£ˮϵܿʹ
ֳȳҡͷʧЦȴ룬Щ˹ȻһЩں֮ڣΪûǫţȫһɢɳ
ʲôʱȥģ½׷ʵ
šҶ̧ͷ룬˵Ӱɡ
ˣǵøϽߡ½ü
Ļ䣬ھ䲻ðһͷֳȳʶزһţ˲ҽһȥ
û¶ɣ½ƹеһ
ֳȳεҡҡͷ
ѩ̲סЦһϵĶȴûͣһ˲䣬ǰͳĿռԴӱԺװĶҲ͸ˣγӪֳȳȵʱ˳ͰװˣΪߵʱ򷽱㡣
ֳȳȼϳһˣֻʱѾˣ˵ٶȵϳٶȣһЩ˵ӰҲˡ
ڰȫط˶С¥ĸֳȳȻһкֳۣȳֻðӰ
ֳȳͲסĸ׷ʣֻðѱ°½˴½һ飬ȻΪ˲ĸѹֳȳʡȥϸڣǰĸѩǵɱġֳȳЩΣ۵ķա
ӽ㣬ܰȫ̫ˡ껶˵
ֳȳȳЦЦлл㡣
Ϊ½˵˴ʱķλ½ƲôѸٵҵл˵÷ǳϡ
괹ͷë΢΢˲ƴǵûûУʲôû

 60 

ֳȳЦЦ׼˵Щʲôĸˣȳȣλǣ
ޣǽһ£ͮҪǣ˵ͼˡֳȳȵƤգգۣػͮľִٺͲ
½ƲɫؿϺ׵ĺۼ۾΢΢
˵ʲôأĸ̲סһƣ½ƺѩֹһƺɲɵĵֳȳ˵ĵط
ֳȳȵɫ˲ŤϽͷ̣Űʹ\ɲܱĸˣȻ׼ģֳȳȿɲ뱻߶һڡ
һ̧ͷֳȳȿѩеЦҡҡͷ
񲻺˼˵УҪǳȳȣҺСͮġԽԽͣ˺Ҳ˵ȥˡ
˵ʵֱ̤䷿ӵĵһž˹Ŀ̫ˣ
ĸ΢΢̾˿˺ˣȥѾȥˣͲҪˣԺԽԽõġ
СԼŮľˣĸǵ̬Խˡ
šʹ˵ͷȴ˵̣˳ۿһһεһЩ¶ͮҲſ
ֳȳǰֻõֱסģΪʲôޣҲʵΪġ޳ͺˣ
ãֹͣ˿뵽Լղŵʧ̬Щ˼ǸǼЦˡ
ûûСѩϽ˰֡
ֳȳЩΣһۣЦˡ
裬һ춼ûгķˣرر룬ܲóԵģֳȳҲ࣬ʼĸ
⺢ӣôųԣĸ￪ģȴЩʶҪֳȳȵļϡ
̡½ͻȻһ
ĸͣ˰УתͷôˣСƣ
½ûʲô飬˵̣ԹˣܲܡһЩ˵½оȻЩ˼
ϡ棬ֳȳ̲סһۡû½в˼ʱء
½ƲɫؿһۣȴЩΡ
ĸܾһֵ󣬸Ҫ˵½ģرǽ죬½ƳɹذֳȳȾ˳ĸԽ˳ˣֱ׶ӿæؾͬˣãͶ㡣
ĸַŻԭλ½˿
ĸȥæʱѩֳȳԼķҩ
ֳȳ˵ļһɲǣѩ̲ס˳
һҹʱ䣬ֳȳȵ˿Щˣֻ˿˿ƵѪһֱΪǱ׶˵Եʣֳȳȵļһ󶴣͸ڣȻɭɭİ׹ǡ
ѩһظҩһ߿޸ͣ
ֳȳȼۣЩΣ˺ˣˣûһ˰ˡ
ѩɱصһۣһһ첲ͷ֪𣿡ƫһһûˡ
ֳȳĻꡱһЦ˳óһЦǣ˴ֳȳȲʹ\һôûܹôصˣҪСһ
ѩϽסֵһۣЦЦˣ
ֳȳҲۣϲס˵
֪ˣѩȻûʲôûȴԽˡ
òװֳȳͿҩãѩ׷°ߺ¡
ֳȳȿһ˵̫ģܵ˵ղŲǶѾ˵𣿾Щ¶
ѩЦһĵ˵ƭˣҪǾЩ¶ϵôģϵôģ
ֳȳֻðڷնĸ˵һ顣
һ˵ţѩһĨᣬҲԽֳȳȿӣʧЦҡҡͷ
ˣˡֳȳְɾᣬôǰûзѩôޣڲǺúõˣǸ·˭
ѩ۾˵ץ֮¡
ǷֳȳȲ֮󣬾ͳѰңǺͷ˺þá½ϸĵ£Ƿֳȳڵµĸշѿӣۼһ·Ѱҡ
ԽҲԽأֳȳȶµӲǱѩ񣬾Ǳ紵ط
ֳȳ⻰ĬĬ̾˿ûпܵ
ʱزһţ±紵ˣû뵽Ƿ¡
ѩҲ̾˿˵顣
һĪչʱ򣬺ӣҲԲˣ˵ֳ֪ȳȱץȥ½ƼҲţҽ̬Բҵ˵·ն
˵ط½һ̽⣬ͷֳȳľܲ׼ȥӪ
ֳȳҲ֪ˣӪĹУ·նѲߵ˷֣ѩǼڵϺ½ƺԲȥӪ
̫ˣҪһܾҲˡֳȳڲžú£Һ½ļʱȻ֪ʲô
Ҳǣƽʱô飬ôôͲ֪һϣѩ̲סȻûۿֳȳʲôֻƬһǾһҪûмʱϵѩᷢʲôĺ
ֳȳɥһε˵ҵ룬С겻ҲҪһϣǱץľͿɲֻһˡ
ΪԼһ˱ץܵʱһû뵽дˡ
ֳȳһڣֻԼһ˱ץˡҪĸһץͲôˡ
ѩҲǣЩô֪ڷ㶫㶼֪ǻûпжżҿ챻ˡ
Ҳ𣿡ֳȳΪԼ⡣
ѩӲˣ㻹˵أ紵ˡ
ֳȳڨЦһ˵ˡ
ֳȳͻȻһ¶ЩίҿɲʲôûⲻСҾ˵Ǻţ˭֪ϵķô󣡡
ʵֳȳȶˣ꿴˴ߣ϶ѩ˵ֻҪǵ뿪Ĵ·λȻԼÿ·ڻ߸ı䷽ʱ¼Ǻţ½ƵȻܺܿҵûڷºۼ
˭֪첻Ը
ֳȳȰ̾˿ԼԺʱҪϸһ㡣
СѩɫȻˣſ˿ڣС֪㱻ץˣ
ֳȳȻԼӵ뷨Уû̫ѩ˵ʲôڻش𣺡ѽСͦġ˵⣬ֳȳͻȻһ˿Ծôôʣ
ѩЦһ£˵ûʲôСûô˵ף֪ʱ׷ʲô
ֳȳȾⲻʲô¶΢΢һ˵ҺЩ˶ŵʱҿ¥ݿڳ˺ɫ½ǣҾֻ˼Ǻš˵С껹֪ͦʱֳܳȳһοꡣ

 61 

ɫ½ǣѩĳ˳鲻Խʣû𣿡
ûǴĻ촩Ǻɫ·
䣬ѩͼֳȳһؿʶеĻţôˣôôң
ֳȳͲˣָԼ۾˵Ȼǰеӣֲǲ֪Ϊ֮ҵĽͺ˺ҵڵ5.2
˵۾5.2Ҫǿǳ֮󣬳ܣֳȳ˵һ¶ˡ
֪ж۾
ǡѩϽЦģЦôôǿ
ôˣֳȳע⵽ɫЩԾĵʡ
ûʲôѩڰ֣һҹû˯ͻȻеˡ
ղϢ㲻Ϣֳȳε˵ﲻɵЩۣϽѩҴҴǣϽ˯ɣȻ緹ʱ㡣
áѩЦŵ˵ͷ
úϢȳȥֳȳһθҴҴǣֱѩһëë档
Ҫ֮ǰѩ϶һѩȴһ鶼ûС
ӡѩ鲻Խغһ
ôˣֳȳȥؽŲʱͣת
ûʲôѩǧԣ˿ȴһ仰Ҳ˵ڣֳȳȿʲôֻҡͷЦЦ
ǡֳȳεؿһۣת뿪ˡ
ֳȳȥرӰѩ˫ֱֱض컨壬һ˯⣿
ֳȳ˵ģ˺ɫ½ǣ˵ǿ϶ģǣԴȴֲֻᣬ˵֪¡
ôΪʲôѣΪʲôǻһֱ֪£
ѩԴҲ벻ԭ
ѣǾֳȳˡ
뵽⣬ѩϽҡҡͷ͸ˣֳȳȸûĻѡϾֳȳζԴһֱĿõģҪ˵ֳȳΪ˾ĸǰͽˣ
ѩԽ룬Խسء
һţֳȳȲײһˣҺñ˼ʱķסˣȻ϶Ҫꡣ
ôˣ˿ˣֳȳʶס½Ʋü
ûûСֳȳҡҡͷûϣġ
½ƵָȻЩ׵գ۰ɣ
⻰ֳȳȲ֪ΪʲôۿͻȻЩᣬ˵ۿ϶ǼٵģֳȳȲǵģȻЩίʹգգۣӿۿ˻ȥе
½ƿӣԽˡ
̾˿ֳܿȳȵ˴§˻ԺҲˡ
û˻ֳ֪ȳȲ˵ʱжţ·ĶһƵġ
ֳȳĳʲô⡭
½Ƶͷ˿ֳȳë׵ͷԽˡ
ֳȳȿʵϣԲһflag𣿡
Ҫ֪flagǳᱻġ
㡣½ƻҡҡͷȻᶨ˵Ҷı֤
ԺһأֳȳЩĵļơ
½ЦЦ˵ǿ϶Ϊ㲻ߣԡֳȳȵͷһƬĵ׶ģԣҪǵһֱߣ֪𣿡
ֻҪߣƴҲᱣȻҲûϵһֱߵġ
ֳȳû˵ֻǼСغһ
½˸һ§ֳȳȵֽ˽
ϣѩͬһҵʱ򣬿ѩı飬Щôˣ㣬ôôң
ͷ˿Լûзʲô׵ĵط
ԽɻˡòƴӽѩԼͺܲԾ׷ʲôֳȳȸ˵ʲôûֳȳһֱѩһϸջʱѩǺúõġ
ѩؿãֱȫëʱѩſ˿ڣһֱ˯ţûгȥ𣿡
ûһ˿ɣЦ˵ȻˣҪţ½Ƹ͵þҺͳӽˡ
˵꣬껹Ƥͷ
ƤЦġѩϸˣŵϽվֱ塣
Ĳ֪ӱץˣѩһʵ
˿ָػعζﲻһȴ˿ԣ㣬ǲ𣿡
˿šֳ֪ȳȱץô˵˭Ҳ֪û֤û֤֮ǰû˵ڸ˵ֲǸɵģ
еϧֳȳǰȻػˡֹס룬ôֳȳȾûʧȥʲôֱǶء
Խ룬Խÿϧ
ίı飬ѩȴΪؿ
㣬Ĳ֪ҡקקѩ½ǣԽί۾Ҳʪˡ
ѩһѷ֡
ίıȻֹ̧ͷһؿ㣿
꣬һΡѩһĲ֪ӱץˣ𣿡
սЩһ̹ȻĲ֪
ȴЦֳȳȺ˵ʲôֳȳȣǵһױһףװһ޹ȴ˵ġǡ
ѩû˵ֻϵʧԽŨˡ
ã˷ͷˡ˵꣬۲Ĳסۣ׼˯
ȴĵϳίЩŭ㣬ǲ𣿡
ѩƳһۣûп
úáһ˵ãֹסЦ˵ˣǲǰɣҸӽԩ޳ģοҰ׽Ҫ֪Ļôܲ˵
ı㡣ѩͣڴϣñӽعסԼԲٸ˵
վڴͷɫ˼䡣
֪˶ã߷ߵ˴ϣȴôҲ벻ͨΪʲôѩôѵֳȳȿ뵽ܣϽҡҡͷʱվλرΣֳȳȺЩ˸ͲܷǾֳȳſں˵ˣƫƫѩ
뵽⣬ԽŭˣֳȳȵҲ˺ų̈ףԽֳȳӹⳡ˻ǶôĿϧ
ãŷŭ˯˹ȥ
ѩȴںڰУĵۡ
ض꿴ãһʱζӣ֪Ǻá
ֳȳȵ˽⣬ûյֳȳȾԲ˵Ҫ˵ղŵıѩѾ϶ˣֳȳȿĺɫ½Ǿġ
ʱһ͸ֳȳȱץߵ飬˵ǾһҵֳȳȣֳȳȾͲôˡ
ڡ
ѩЦһǰһֱΪֻСܻõģû뵽񶾣Ȼ˵ֳȳȵ׽Ļ
ѩԽú;
ǰԼãԼΨһˣֳȳȶ˵ҲǷǳҪˡ
ѩ̾˿ȴһҹδߡ

 62 

ڶʱֳȳȾȻüһʹˣҩʱҿɴһ˿ھȻѾ⣬ҪĩǰǵñץʵұƬ˲ɡ
ֳȳĿɿڴؿԼļ򣬲̾ѵߵٶô̫˼ˡ
˵˽һ죬һھͺõòˡֳȳܸˣϾĸϦദĸʲôߡ
ڿɺˣֳȳȲɴ۾Ц
Թ緹һƲֳ֣ȳ˼ƽϣ̾˿ʣǲڵĸĸ
Ƭ̣ǵ˵ͷ
һ뵽ǳ˵ĵطĸĸִˣһ죬ͶһΣգôܲģ
Ÿĸ£һ϶û˯á
ֳȳȵͷ･һƽϣҪ
׼ȥ·նһˡֳȳţʲô취ԾȳĸʱԲͻȻ˿ڡ
˶ؿ֪ΪʲôͻȻô˵
Ϊʲôųʳ˿ڡ
Բһߺ޵˵Ϊҵĸ籨𡣡
ǫѾ𣿡ų½һۣǳ⡣
Բʱ˵ԼĳǫҲǰֳȳץߵȺ˵ͷͷҲҪѰ½Ƶʱûбİ취ֻø
½Ʋ˵ǫѾ
Բһʹ˵ǣǫѾˣǡ
ֻü֪½һݺС־Ҳ֪½Ƽȫǣᣬϸذĩľ˵һ顣
챻ֳȳڴڿı׷ɱɷֵȻĸȴûӹһ٣վѪҺʧ
֮ÿһڻںжȹΪҪĸҲ
ֳȳǵһ뿪֮ԲɷĲԽŨˣ֮䱾ͲСĸҲԽԽ󣬱޷Խĺ蹵أΪЩԵĺȵıϵ֮ǰĺѣҲǫǣȻûиǫˣҲ˲ٻ¡
ؼҵĶԽԽʱڱɷ֣ɷı£Բһҳߣ׺ǫһ
Ȼ󣬱ͷˡ
ɷĻ壬ŵܵܺһɱ˷ǱΪ飬Ȼĵغɸ֣һˣľͿȥֻÿ춼ȥȰ˵Բͷǰǫɷ֣ѰԲ£ͼɷǡ
ɷҲһȥз˵·նľ޴ܣԭǲ\\ŮȻˣ
ԵĻֻǽ֮ˣֻҪУǲӹ̵ܽģͨͨ
ɷ̵ˣǵĵܵҲһ˵ĶħҲż尾ȻıһӪȻ
յĽԶ׼ûܾȳЩˣԼҲ˽ȥ
ѪջԲ֪ԲȻ
Ϊ籨𣬸Ըǣ԰𣿡ԲսзĽƬʹϱĺۣȴδ
ԼĸΪڸҲΪ˾ˣԲԾأ޲ôԽȥԼϴûкҩ
ɱǫΪ籨𣬵ǫֳȳɱˣԲһַʽǾǽȵ·նܿѵˡ
ظ͸׵֮οɡ
Բ۽ǵˮֳȳĵ̾˿
ãǰ㡣ųĻһʹӦ
ллԲܼЩ˵ֶҪܰ϶ܹɹ뵽⣬Բǵͨ죬Ҳ΢΢ز
ǡֳȳȳſ˿ڣǾ⼸ˣնмٺˣǴùҾûǵؿһ¡
ֳȳ˵ʯĳˣǾ⼸ˣȥҲǰװҪȥҲܵļƻͷһȾҪȥˡ
һʱհ
ԭҲرóء
ܼȰ꾾½ǣΪ˵նЩ˹Ĳ֪ʲôӣȻ֪ˣȥѵĲ˵ˣʱȣǵȵˣǵȵ𣿡
ⷬһ˵ֱǰֳȳȼ˻ϿһӾͶԱȳֳȳȵѪ
ѩ첲һ£Щݣô˵أ
괹˴ëһί˵˵ôˣĲ˵ĸĸأൣİ㣬˵벻Ͻĸĸȳ
ֱ壬ֳȳһۣһΣҡ
Ļȴû˵ڣΪȷʵеȥĸĸ
һƨߣֹе˵㣬˵ʲôֱ˵
ֳȳޱذӡ
ûиоĻƺȷʵе⣿
ˡ½Ƴڣʱ
Ȼ½ƻѾã˱죬ûм˵
ȳ˵û½Ƶؿ˿ڣҲֳȳһɨóóȻȥ˿϶ǲȡģȥˣٵܵļƻ
⻰΢΢ͷ޵ؿֳȳһۡ
ƣ½Ƶ˼ǻȥ˵Ҳࡣ⻹ǵһ½ͬԼ˵Щ⣬ȴһԡǰЩӶ̫ºˣá
ųҲԼ֮ǰĲףЩߺգǰ˿ԣܰǵҲȥǣ
һ˵ĻͲܿˡ
ѩƵųϽԼ壬ƺԼͲƵġ
ѩһۣĻ˵Ҳã˿ԣóһЧķſԡ˵꣬˶٣תͷ񣬡ʵղųҲ˼밡
ѩػ˻ֳȳȵ֣Ͻ˵䣬Ǹ˼˾Ͳˡ
ֳȳȳЦЦû˵
Ͻڰ֣֪֪
ܺĶֳȳѾһΣﻹֳȳȥðΣվĸĸ
Ͼֳȳֻǵͷ֮
ȫ⣬ͷе
һʱ˵Ŀⶼ۽Բϡ
ԲЦЦг˵ģѾƻˣǵİһܳɹذǶȳ
⻰һ˵նʱû궼ϲãæ׷ԲʲôƻԲҡҡͷǵθڡ
ֳȳȴһƽճƬҶӵСˣ˼ɵ⣬룬Ϊʲôôĵأѵķ½ƵĹϵˣ
뵽⣬ֳȳʶؿ½ƣö½ߣЦЦ½ҲһΪǳЦݡ
һԵע⵽֮üȥ۵ݺݵɨֳȳȵڣֳȳȿʱ˲תͷĵ
ֳȳȼû˿ҡҡͷԼ̫˵㣬רעеСˣͼ
½۾ΪѸٵɨһۡ

 63 

˿϶Ҫȵģ½ǻйǣȻԲ˵ܵļƻֳȳȼȻԸæ
ֳȳȼԲڳţߵն½ƾͿڲӰųĻ֣ԲϽסˣԼˣԼˡ
ߵĽˣЩ˿ԲǣһվغԲ硣
½Ƽ˻ЩԲѶԷݼ򵥵ؽһ£Ҹ˵Щˡ
ʱԲúõظǽԼļƻ˵ԼѾв߷˲ˣڵʤѾаٷ֮߰ʮϣֳȳȼͬӪȼƻ
Ҷǰˣ˵⼸ˣ
˵õĲأ
ҶԲػػɡǰҲˣǼҲʮˣʮԼ٣Բ˵аٷ֮߰ʮʤ㣡
ԲЦҡҡͷżΪ˲ݾߣҾͰ⼸ˣĶڷնء
ǰǰֵǶڷնأ͵ԲˡǼ˸͵
ֳȳȼ࿴ۣŽɵظȥ
˵ҹϮжûֳȳȵģΪѩ˿ڵԵʣͬμӣ֪Ϊʲô½ƷҪֳȳȲμӡֳȳ֪Լ˿ѾõòˣҲȻͬμж
ʣĸ꣬ͮǵųֳȳȵôġ
һ˾ߵ֮ǰȳֳȳȵǸڡ
½磬ôˣܿõ𣿡Բʡ
½ƴһɨе˯ţ󲿷˶ţЩŵ˾Բŵˡ
ٵӡ
˵·ն
̫ˡԲԼļƻͰֺʱ
ԲķԸڣȥԲ½֣Ҳȥ
žҶֳȳȺѩһۣҲȥ½ƽ
ǰԲ˸ƣ뿪ֳȳȲ²Ӧ֪ͨˡ
ǼԲ󣬴˼ЩֵҲΣգǼ׵ؾͻɱЩˡ
һԲⷽ˱ȡʤ
ԲߵһˣֳȳȲЩɻûǵİԲҲܻʤΪʲôҪѰǵİأ
˼ȥֳȳֻܰԲʤøӮɵԵʡ
ϾǺԲԵ޹ʣԲûҪǣҪ뺦ǣֱڷﶯֻһ㡣
ֳȳҲûз֮ģ½һֱڰй۲ԲʲôԵĵط½ͳˡ
½ƵȻɫֳȳġ
߰ɣҴȥĸĸһɫԲ˵
ллллһм˵
Բ˺ܿ쵽˹Ѻ²ĵط
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˵ŮӣҶҲˣֻ½ƿһЩɫۿɼЩࡣ
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ŭһȺ
ԴȻһЩҪܻҵģֲǻȥô͵˳˵ĵز
ЩﻹˣһȺħ΢΢ЩЩǼĸĸġ
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Բ硣վСļˣһԲ͹شк
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֣裬ǻ̫ˡһ۾ͿԼĸĸصؿ
ĸĸҲ޸ͣһٺҡ
ԵҲҪѡһģҪЩֵģ廹㽡׳ģϾնЩṩ̫ԵģЩֻԽԽݡĸĸԭͱȽӹһ١
лл㡣ڷģԲϵصл
û£ЩӦġԲһο˵ᣬ˸ԸҸӦܰĵ뿪˰ɡ
˵꣬ԼЩʧ̬Ͻ˲ᣬЦŶµЩ˵ҲܰˣԺҪúùأ׼ٷ飬֪𣿡
˵꣬תҪߣȴһѱסˣԲ硣
ôˣԲʡ
Щ㿴ңҿ㣬һ˿ʣԲ磬㲻𣿡

 64 


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Щ˷׷׵˵ͷ
ԲһĻοЦЦ
ǣԲ磬ûô찡һ˺Ȼغ
ʣڷӦ׷Բ
ǰǰ
Բ磬ɣûĲ֪Ҫô졣
԰Բ磬ɡ
ԲıǳΣĲСӣӲͦõġһС죬ܵôһأ
ĳӺ͸ӶһľܾϽ˰֣˵УУҲУ
Բ磬ҪǾҪߣңߣ
ǰԲ磬Ҳߡ
Ҳǡ
ö˶˵
ԲЦһԼһˣﶼȥֺαأ
ﻹõĵطԲʵڲǵ뷨
ЩѺķ²ʱҲڷûгȥлһЩڸ㶮ǰ˵Բ磬ɣ㣬Ҳŷġ
ѽǲܷġʣµҲӦ׷׸͵
滷ԽԽӣ֪ﲻǸȥˣıһ·Ҳ˲ɥԲǵľˣžͿ׶ˣԲԸǵȫҲܵ˱ϣ˵ܹϸõ
뵽⣬ԲԽԽࡣ
Բϵıˡ
ˣ˿ڡ
Բ磬ɣ㿴ô˶οڳ㣬˭ضŷ
Ļ䣬һ˸ŸͣŷŷҾԲ磬˭Ҳš
ЦЦ˵Բ磬㿴ҶôΪɡţ϶ܰرøá
Բ˼ãɵĿ𣿡
Ȼԡն˵
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ԲԸˣ
նʱϲġ
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ˣԴֳ֪ȳľϵܣԲ͹öӣֳȳȸտʼһЩԲԽԽڣֳȳڲ˲ԵĵطϽᶨؾܾˡ
Բʾˣ̶̰죬ȻͶҪУգֱӾӵſڣ׷׷ϡ
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ֳȳȵءšһȥ
ѾûԲ˵һ飬Բ·ƵģȻڣֳȳԭȻЩͷ붼ˣϾҪ뿪ˣȻȻͲ֮ˡ
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⼸̬ԽزԾˣ˵ϼǹģôôζֳȳֲǸɵģȻóѩӣõ淢ֻܲȡӵ̬ȡ
Ӧǲµ½ƵĹϵˡ
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˵ʲô翿ԼҪʲôҲÿԼƴȥȡпܵõ
½ƲϲҪԺ½ƾ¹˭֡

 65 

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ĵΪ»Ӱѩ֮ĸ顣
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šѩë˲ء

 66 

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šֳȳȵͷĿܵŸ첲š
ӿڴĴһҵһӡ
֪ʲôʱ޻̸ĺѡ
걧һĲ᣺᲻㰡һ߶֪ʲôʱܼ档
ҲĳݣԣͲܲ𣿡
̾һҵ룬ǳӽˣ˵ˡ
̬ȷȤ
׷ʵôˣ
ã˵ʵҲûʲô˵ģǣǳӽڳأȽҡ
ǲ˵ڻĽҰ𣿡Ƭ̣ü˵ס˶ĵطźðϾ˶
ΪͬصͷҲģǳӽô˵أǱȽǿ϶°ƥǴӵ۶ģӦò̫˽и԰أģһԴˣس½Ƹء
ţ񾪺һôõǶûǣ
εصͷ
Ҳֳ̫ȳԽزˣôô˽أ
ǿϧ˳Բ硭͵͵̾һ䡣
ɫûƵģ˵˵ԲôãӽôϲأҪǳӽϲǾͿˡ
һϧ˵ϧҪˣˣ㣬ͳԲϵôãҪʲô취ĲߡУӽ㱾ôԻذö󰡣˵ǲǣ
ãһͷʡǿЦЦǰҪֳȳڣ˵ǻؾҲȱʳˡ
̫ˡ˷ִܵ¶ͳһף˵˵Щˣ㿴Ҹ֯ס
ղǰ۵ķɫë׵ģֺÿůͣһӾϲˡ
ۣСá
ǡеЦݣЦˡ
Բ磡һԴһˡ
ԲһۣС갡ʲô£
ЦЦ˵첻Ҫ𡣡
ԲŴζЦˡ
Բ磬ӽҪˣôѽѵôˣżĻ˳أԺöˡ
ԲͻȻضһԲ磬㡭ôˣ
ǡԲЦЦСһģЩ
ɫһḷ̌Ͻ˼Բ磬ѽ
װˡԲüаЦЦ
ɴ۾ʲôԲ磬˵ʲôô
Բϵ´һ飺ϲ½ưɣ
˺
ԲһЦ⼸ΪΪʲô
ѹ껰ﻰһֱǿֳȳȵжôãûôֳּ࣬ȳȳƯȷʵҲһգ׷ֳȳȵ˼
֮ǰʹ½ƺֳȳȵĹϵõǷ񶨵ػشŷĵ׷ˣ뵽½ƵԲЩ
ɲ½ƵĶ֣ҪĻֳȳʲôﻹû
뵽⣬̬Խ޼ɵˣǰһݺݵǯס
޿ˣݺݵصǽϡ
Բ磬˵ʲôôʹƾС첲СȵģƵÿ
һ飬½ƺֳȳһˣ𣿡Բ۾ʡ
ʶطûУ
ԲЦЦƭңŲҰ⼸¶ѩ½˵
꿹ܵĶʱסˡ
ԲһθЦһ뱻֪͸ʵһ㡣
ƭˣҪúóͷһ١
˼ãԲķǰԥҪҪŵʱͻȻӷˡ
С꣬ô⣿ûͦԶģɫֲˣʵ֡
㡣տʼЩ̣ܿ侲ǿЦЦ첻ҪͳԲɫˣˣ
˵꣬Ҵҵȥˡ
æĽŲ΢ЩҵͷˣҲûж롣
С񰡣ˡԲﻹͦ档
ǿЦЦ˵ȳǾˣûʲô취Ͼǻ˵Ǻ¡
Բ̾˿ҵ룬ǲԸⰡҪȻô󹦷£Ǹʲô
رֳȳȣô˼û뵽ȴߵ壬Ҫ֪ˣ硭
뵽ղŵζ͡
ˣѾͨˣ½뿪ҲǺ飬Ͼǵʵǿһʲô˼Ͳƿصˡ
ֳȳǶͷˣ
ԲЦһ￴ң
ӣЩۣԲ磬ԷƱܺã
ԲҡҡͷͻȻЦˡ
Բ磬ôˣ˵ʲô𣿡ԲЩš
ºһԲһЦ
ֶ˶ק½ʣʲô
Բ֣˵ǾҪϧǰˡ
ͷ˵ʲô
ԲЦԽˡ

 67 

ڶһ磬ֳȳһ˾׼ˣԲЯţعͱ
һֳ֣ȳ֣Ȼ˶٣һ仰û˵
жҪ͸㡣ֳȳȳ֡
ʶԲһۣöЦĿ⣬һ
ֳȳóѵݸ񣺡͸㡣
ϾһֳȳȾ͵ʲô˼ȥ
ΪܵԵʣֲֳﲻڻ֮ǰǿ˲٣ֻҪر䣬ƽʱཽˮܻü£ѩصʱڣҲܳϵʵĶ
ʶؽӹѣĪӿһεĸо
㲻Ұɡ˵
ֳȳЦЦôᣬҺҲûʲôϵֻҪĶͺá
ͦõġ뵽ԲĶߺ
Ǿͺá
ǸŮ˲ٿֳ࣬ȳʵϣҸ
ֳȳȵʶѰӰڳҵ꣬úõغһ𣬵ɫһֱġ
Щ㡣һ뵽ЩԴֺ˺졣
Ĳɵؽӹһ澹ȻвٳԵģһƯ޷
ѽ꾪һæƴǣ̫ˣҲҪ
Űɡģʲôϵ
ƴƬ̣ǽôÿ޷
ֺԾؿԲһۡ
ȷϵ֮ԲٶоƯ޷Ĳ࣬һ
ЦһȴԣһĽ˵ãǳԲ粻ϲӽô
ʱ˽ź˵˵ˣֳȳֻǺøС
ͷȻĵ㻹ҪעⰡڳԲǸģɵÿѽ
⻰һ˵ԾĶһЩ
г̾Ͱȶˣ̶죬ֳȳһ˾ͻص˳ء
űѩǵֻ΢΢͹ķӣֳȳȾð˲١ǻˡ
ɫڣ˸ϽſػѩŵԽ˼š
һݣһɳʪζ뿪Ļ̫һ㣬һ㣬ˡ
·ϱ˼죬˶ˣû˼Ҳûȥһ㶼򵥵ʰһ´Ҵ˯˹ȥ
һƺֳȳһۣ춼Ѿˡ
գգۣӴֻȫ泩
صҿǺá
ĿһתͻȻ˴ߵȻڵģֳȳ´һ
Ȼ֪Լܿǿֲⶼˣ
ֳȳ»裬ЩˣǿţԭȽĹ̫ûвժѾ䵽˻ƤѾɱ
ȳȣûĸ
ˡĸֳȳȸϽʰһš
ʱĲסˣΪʹѧĳЩطѾѷ졣ŵֳȳȼϽúõؼһ鷿䣬еķ϶ʵʵزˡ
ȱԺȣûк֮Խһʱ䣬ֳȳȼһе
ųѧѧͶܣһϷѩʱȥĳѼʣӿ˵˵Ƿǳˡ
ֳȳȹĸԴӺ½ƹ飬Ȼⲻ˱ĸһָ𣬵½Ҳֵһ󲨻
ĸͷǳϲ½ƣȻտʼЩ΢ʣ֮ͨǾĸ￴ŮԽԽϲŶֳȳȵ̬Ҳ˲١
ֳȳȶЩԴˡŶ˳½ƣֳȳȾ̸ĸоҲ
ƽʱʲôϷһ
ֳȳֳܵҲԽԽ࣬ڼﵽֳȳֲ˵һһľƴɵֲҲڰû˳ԵΣ
ֳȳȾֿʼˡ
滹Ǳѩصģ⣿
ĸɸ֣Ҳһĺð취Ǿ⡣
ȫ˵ͨ£Ȼ˳Ȼ⣬˶ˡ
ôණػʹųԷҲˡ
ʳףС󣬻д󶹣ḻľˣԼ򵥵ųԣųԣԼ򵥵ؼӹһ£ɶѿɶӹɶɣʲôġ
Żһ¡
ʳҲԽԽ٣ϾߣÿһٺķѵʳܶѳһСɽ
׾ôˣһδ򿪲ֿʳʱѩֻʣĴף
£ȫҶ˿ֻ֮У㿴ңҿ㣬ĿһָԵ̫ˣ
ֳȳȷǳɽгһ죬ѩ֪ʲôʱŻữֲңңڣҲ֧ż˵θڣʱֳȳͻȻ뵽˵ĺ
ŰĴѧʱͷǵѩͣ˵
е˶ڵѩֳͣȳЩߣꡣ
Ĭ࣬һֱڵᣬһҪܣȻ
ؿһῴֳȳȵ½ƣĵͷսȭͷ
ڣѩͣ˵ĵҹɫ¹ء
˶ѩ֮ϣԡһ֪Ǳʲô
ȵѪɢȥֳȳȺѩһۣ㶼˶ԷЦ⡣
ѾĩĵѪˣÿһԡѪ֮ǵʵһ
ֳȳȿһ֮ڽһһֲѿֲĹͨҲǿˣظܵǵϲŭ֡
ѩĿռҲһĶˣʱȥѰҵʣЩƷȼϵȵ߰Ķ˿ռ뻹һռԾ˼ǿ˲ơ
½Ƶ˭Ҳĳֳȳۼ½ܸһݾջʵˡ
ųҶҲ˲ٵ
ֻǵ츳ߣأҲ˾ֳȳֳ߲ʳڸкãȡ֭ҺԿٵػָǵ˸ӷһضܡ
ȻȻģ˵ܶ˳
ʱҲ˲Ҵߣ˵ǵʵǰеλá
ѩȿĲԾ
С꣬ôˣҡҡ׹壬ѩһ˲ƾͳ˹ȥ
ɫҰףҲ΢΢زۣҡҡͷû¡
ȴѹڵѪʧˣ
ѩ̾˿û¶ʲôļҲżҲʲô˵¡
һ״̬֪ûܳɹܣѩ뷨ҪǶûܻãֻһûܣȻƽ⡣
̫֪࣬𣿡ѩı
һЦʶؿ½һۣ½ֳȳȣ·ֳֻȳһƵģһ˿һûзֵսȭͷ

 68 

ֻûܳɹܣĸҲûУֻ̬ͱȽƽˣô꼶ˣʱĸӰܶɸӰ죬ֻǡ
ĸվʱ΢΢˻Σȱ˷Ͻսеĳ
½صظĹȡ
볤ٹһԴ⣬ۣſ֣гһѻҲӵˣ
ЦһĻ䵽ϡ
죬ֳȳͻȻ¡
ôˣᶳ𣿡Ҷʳ˿ڣⶼʮһˣĺĻܳ
ѩ뵽֮ǰ԰ЩӲĲˣ˷ܵ˵пأ죬ǿȥ
ЩȻãǾֹǳźóһʱˣ
ӻгͷһԵӽѩĿռĸ岻̫õ꣬ʣµĶš
ﲢԶֳȳûпһ˲һѩЬš
֮ǰһѼʵʱżȻҵѩЬֶ綼ѩÿ޼ɵѩߣٶȻܿ죬ֳȳһ¾ϲˡ
أٶʱŵʱͻѡѩЬԽʡȼϣһ̶϶塣
ܲܵȵңҶǰ漸ѾСڵӰεش
ǰ㣡ųعͷһ䣬ȻϽǰˡ
Ҷ̾˿Сǰǲǻˤࡣ
ѵ߹ʱֳȳǼѾ˺ôһӡ
ˣųѩ̲ס²۵
˼˵ǻҶѩȡžડһӵ˵ϣߵǵһһѣˤô
ųҶ϶ϡѩꡱһЦˡ
Ůأп㣡ų˵
Ҷʶؿ½һۣ½ֳȳһѩӡ
ãλҲָϣʱͲһʱ½ƣ붼ᣡ
ҶĨ˰Ѳڵᡣ
ɻû԰ųϴӡ
Ҷ޿̣ȥһѽųƽںõѩ
ųҶܣܵùųųڵشһ٣Ҳ˲ѩ
ɵΪ½Ʋҡҡͷ
Ҳ棿ֳȳգգۣ½ƻشץһѩ½ƲҲĲ
½һ飬ֳȳȹЦ
½εؿԼŮѣô죿
ûɻһ۾ͿˣһֳȳȺ½ƾڵ˺
ųҶڴ֣½޿̰˾úøɻ
ųҶһۣ㶼ʵˡ
رѩҪӲˣҶų˿˺þá
ôûòûɰɣų˰Ѷϵĺɵ˵Ͼ²ų죬ѩʱ¡
ᡣ½̧ͷһۣҿˡ
յ̽⵽ˣµĺ٣ͷȻ󣬵Ѿ˿ԳԵĵزǵ¡
ųһ̾˷ˣͷɡ
ǲһҶ˦
кҶŻڵİغ̾
С㣡˷ˣųԹ
ҶϽģֵĶСЩڵʳ̫ˣݲһ˷ѡ
ʵҲӲģ䲻ֻҶΪߣûпƺãһӾ͸ˡ
ҵ˺һж˵ǷЩˡ
ֳȳȼʱͻȻֱٳ¶һĨɫǿأһδ̲нߵ
˳˼ƺ
ͻȻĹŹֵǰһģһǱ֮ǰǸӴ׳Ҳӵˡ
ֳȳֳ˳ȻûϣһʹŶˣһ֭Һҿֳȳȶÿ죬Ȼ϶ֶǡ
ȤסĹ۲
ֳȳǳһܣ·纣һ仯ûУܣֱķһȻǰӳûС
ֳźͨ·һûаӦ
ֳȳȲа˳ǿܱߵѰҵĸʮףȻûҵɡ
ֳȳȲɫ½ʣôˣ
ֳȳָָϵ֡
½Ʋʣ㲻֪ʲô
ֳȳҡҡͷ
½ƳƬ̣˿ڣµ
ʲôֳȳȴһµ𣿡
š½Ƶ˵ͷ֮ǰ̽ʱע⵽ΪҲǺ٣漣ڿǡ
ֳȳȵĳ˳ӿ˲
һضѵֲֳ֣ȳȽü
ġ½ưοȴҲ˲̫õԤС
ֳȳȵ˵ͷؼҵʱѶ˵ǽˣúúоһ¡
ֻǻûоȻͱһģ
ĸȥˣ
·̫ͻȻ˶⧲ġ
һѪ½֮ĸͻȻ͵ˣۿɼٶȱֳȳ֪ˣʲôôΣһֻ֪һԼֵ߲ʳĸԡ
ĸ廹һһ
ӣ׷ˣˣǻġĸؿֳȳȡ
ֳȳȽĸ֣ҲҪ
ɵӡĸ̾˿ҲûֳȳȽӣôأֻ²ˣ壬İסˡ
ԴĩԺһֱ̫ã˵ëǾûʲô£ֲֳȳȵģһֱţ˭֪
վûܰȥ
ۼԼʱ޶࣬ĸĵľֳȳȵİΣϾʱ˭Ҳ֪δᷢʲô
ĸͷһԵ½ƣã֮ǰȳȵĹޣҲܰĵȥˡ
ĸñֳ֣ȳֹסز
½ƶذӵ
ֳȳſĻؿˣ˲ͽʪ½Ƶ½
Ȼ֪ܻһ죬ѹ޷ѡ
ΪʲôΪʲôͲٶԼһأ
գĸʬ屻˺Ժ
ѩֳȳȳĬıӰԾ̾˿ʵڲ֪ô
ԴĸֳȳԽĳĬˣһһ硣
½Ƹմ糾͵ػѩĻģȳõģȹȥ
ѩ˵ͷһĵǡ
½ƹ˽ŲߵֳȳȵеĶסֳȳȵ۾²˭
ֳȳȰǿ֣֡
Ҹʲô½ָһص˵
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ô֪ࣿɼжôĲףЩж
ֳȳɣ½ҲЦˣҲۡ
û˵㡣ֳȳȾЩ顣
½ֱӴһڡ
ֳȳȵˡ

 69 

ѩһĻЦˣһԵ꣬ļ򣺡ô
û˵
ãֺαأѩ̾˿ţһϵԲԣ
ѩԸ⿴ȻִԲ򣬿ĵȰ˵
ͻȻЦЦ֪ˣ㣬Ժϲ½Ƹˣôֲ࣬Ҳõġ
ͶˣѩԴҼС϶ҵõġ
ͨˣѩ˿֪ʱжѰ
õЦЦ·Ŀˡ
ֳȳҲӱ֮˳ʼոһյоŹֵ
ʱţܿѪ֮ҹˡ
һΣڼܣȻǼ亱ıϵܣ˵Ķˡ
ֳȳҲܸˣ£Сӵʵһء
˦һ׶ֻұȽС׶շɳȥ˵ء
ԼܣʶѰ½ƵݣȴûӰ
ٽ磬½ڻˣ걾ܹȥϲﱧŵɫ˲Ϩ˼
ôˣüĿ𣿡½ƱŸժҵֳȳȡ
ֳȳҧҡҡͷǲʲôֻ֪ǿ
ѩصĻôãֳȳȲҪǵˣ᳤ʲôĹģرĽٶҲܿ죬ŶãŷͨĵжѾˡ
½ָƽüĵ壺ûϵ벻Ҳ룬ˮھˡ
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½ƼеֳȳȾӦд·ˣϽ·ʱĲһˣĺӴ˽ֳȳ鲻Խش˸顣
顱һֳȳȷűײˡ
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