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뵽Ĳп̷һ£ָŴݰ׵ǣҡϲʵʦְ
ʦڣһ
ȻȻ˰죬ÿһ˧ѡ֢ϲ𣿡
ʦǣ
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ps:޳࣬ˬ𣡣



 1 

ңԶĺһƬƵɽ壬һƬɽΪ֪ͨڷȴĺģɽһεɵֻǸˣĵطƬɽϣλɰԺƬɽҲȻȻرǳΪˡɽȴҲû֪ˡ
ɽһһţɣɣģҲԵҩģģܹԼóһ
ִĿɣɾͲͬˣϵȽӣΪҩšš¥ϵÿһϵдԵ֮ӣÿŴ϶Ȼ֮ϲһ
ЩǿɣţƵĵطţƵĵطڿɣɵСɽסһλ۶ҪηֵϹǣʮǰ·ģû֪·Ŀģֻ֪ͽܡ
ҶܳΪͽܵˣĸֻϧһŮԺҲͽˡ
ȻǱ۵ǸСͽܡ
ʱ˿̣ڽλСͽȴڽһڳϺλʦӵĿ⡣
һĵɣǱʦͽǾԽֹģɷǶȫڵģּȻʦͽͬΪʲôԣ
ھѴļǰȻҲΪʲôܱߣֱõʦָһӣȻ
ԲۣԭǴģ
ʦͽĽĴھΪһŰʦͽİ
ǸʦŰŰbe˵Сͽܣ
̥ģɣǰǸ˼ҵŮʱĹȥĴͱˣʮ겻֪ôʦˣ˿ɣɡ
ĳɳ켣ҲдŮ࣬ΪɾСͽܣҲɽССʦãʦ谮ʦֳ谮Ҳ谮
ֱϲԼʦݶ˼ʮѾѿ֮ԽԽŨ죬ʦȥʱʦˮΪΪǵʢգ̲סһȥ
֪Ϊ˸ϵʦ𻤷֪ܵʦʱһڳϾΧǧﾵ𺳵һĻ
Ϊεǡʦڱһںôѣˣ
ǣܳ谮СʦôˣѺ˽ýгͽ䡣
ԭľ飬ʱ̫ԶѾǲ̫ϸˣȴǵýŮ޵Сʦ˵ټӣӴԺڱŰŰŰ·ԽԽԶΨһᶨƵľǡҰʦҪʦˣҲҪʦġ
ڽλεʦͷβûۿʶԻٴӴʧȴһ˼ƽְġ
뵽Ȼ̲סһҲԼΪŸɳ˱Χ͵ʦɵ£治ȷûоѼ䣬ǲǻᰴվķչҷĽ֡
УԾȣʹԶʦ䰮ʼ
ǣʦҪ̵ʱ뵽ȹӲп̷̲סһ£֣˸Ŀеȵȣл˵
õĳɪǸ껪ȴǰĺŮˣĵؿڿƵģ㻹ʲô˵ģ
Ȼڻֻ˼ӶѣȴǺʹ̲ס˻һҲɪλϷǳ忡ʦ𣬵ʦǴ𣿡
Ǵûʲô飬ȴɢ˵Ƭ̺䵭ĮصϴЩࡣ
֪ǲǾѼ˾Ӱ죬Ȼſ׵ȻûʲôˣΪʲôȥ֪ʦ濴Ÿ䣬ʵǸܺ˵ˣڶ֪ʲôع֮ǰһֱܳġ
Ȼ£¶һãȻɫǣû˸߹Ǵѽô֪ʦأ
ɪֻǿʶЦҲ֪ǲͽܶʦִ治𣿡
ҵȻ֪ˡΪŮȻһȻкøеݣЦʱֹԣ˶ЦɪȻԣΪʦĽ𣿡
û˵ѩֵĮ
Ҳû˵ֻϵıȴǾҪʼƱˡ
ɪ̲סЦȻΪʲô
ֻǼʦʦ㣬һʱ棬̲סζȻһص
һʶؿ˶θ裬θ¥ڵĵӣ̫ЩܰȥƯŮӣԳȻ˵ʱ򣬴ûлĻġ
θҲ֪˵Ǽ٣Ϊ׹Ů̫ˣָһرƼˣҶ¥öҪˣ̲ס˿ȣЩΡ
ɪȴǲĻɾǵŮ̫ˣֻǾð¹ŵŮĳ谮Ҵ治ɪֻں̲סЦˣ㲻ϲʦ𣿡
ʵرֱӣ˰ǶĿؿ
Ϊ˶ϲʦ𣬳׳飬Ȼɿ˸취ڴҿʱգգ۾Ȼָų󴽺ݰ׵ʦǣҵȻϲʦˣǲңϲʦְ
⻰һһʵ˵λϵ¶ôӵģǻԼҵܺɾıͽ˿⼸֮ӾɶڵڣվڸλϵԣҲɫؿеŮ
һֱԵúܸĬɾСͽܣڣһ
ӷ·ָһͽ޸һƵġ
ȻҲ⣬⼸λʦֶӵõ֮ӣһܶ㿪Ľ֣Ҳ׬
ǣʮֵľ۲⼸λʦ֣ǳһһĿִƮƮİ£͸̥Ƶģ̲סѡ֢ҪѡһҲ̫˰ɣ
˰ΣŤͷʦڰʣϲ𣿡
ʦǣ
Ƕ̰ĵСͽܣܿݵĮȻԸⲻԸ⡣
ۿŻҪʦͽƫݱɴֳΪõĳϣɪ̲סջ˵ƾ˭֪ǲΪӱ̷ѣ
˿ʱɪ֣һźɫСʯͷġ
ǲʯɪŵµŮ¶һ˿Ц⣬ܲѺõ˵ֵԣ̷âɸһԣ
ʵĸλҲɵӣ֮ԱֵųȻĻǿɾϴţɾͽܻûȫֻҪԺĺͿ˼ҲȻһֻ۱һֻۡ
û뵽ɪȴ˹Ű壬Ȼʯ˳̲סȥɾɫȴ޷ޱϿκ
Ȼɪ϶ţЦˣаð˵滰ûʲôҵġ
ɪ㽫ʯͷķ˹ȥȻɵؽסˡ
ɪҪʼʻˣҵľЩȻȴԵúܷɣ·һǵɫҲûУǸСʦûʲô
ɪЦſԱҴԺ³ʣʦĽ֮ģ
̲סס˺ĻشҲпʲô
Ȼʯͷ־ٸߣôܿʯͷǷ񷢹⣬һֵҲϲʦڲᣬԺҲᡣ
˽ŵʯͷȻûз⣿
ϣ̲ס˿ȻȻû˵ѣô˵ֻǺǵζҲˣ
뵽̲ס뵽ôСɽϣǱʦǴģŮ֮ҲǺ飬¥ĳ̲סһԼҵĴӶθ裬ɾСͽܸˡ
ٴαĶθ̲ס̾˿
ɪҲסˣôܣĿضųȻʯûз⣬˵˵Ķģǲģֽͱ˵ʵϲǱߵļλʦ֣
ȻתͷһЩģʦ֣϶ص˵ͷԣϲġ
˵ѻʱһҲ飬ʯѾ֤ϲʦôϲϲʦҲûôҪˡ
ο˵ҲȫǼٻСͺտأЩʦֶرÿܷȷͦϲģ㲻ϲѡ
ǣһξȻǡû
͡ˡ
˶ʼպ޷ӦʯͷʯǲģҲ˵Ů˵ȫģ
һʱ֪˵ʲôãΪɾ̳һ治ͽܣû뵽˼ֻЩѣҲ㲻ʲô⡣
ڱϲļλʦҲһۣɫĬˡ
лҪ˵Ԥġĳ[촩]ղأôôա
ĸ߸˧һһڵĳŮѡ
  ǮƯòС
  ǳΪһڵǰŮѣȴ֮ʸ֦
  ֮ԹˣŮΪĹ⣬ůһص۷塣
  ǡ
  ۺڻɪɪ˵ŮˣҲȲ
psˬ촩

 2 

һʲôرؼľ鱻ˡ
˽Ժ󣬳Ȼ¶ķȥ·ϣüͷŬҪǵĵʲô
ԤУҪֻܾһʱ벻
¶Ĵʦ֮סҲʦյһͽܡ
˵λʦڿɣɵĴǽʦˣеΨһڴɽֵһˣͺﵱүƵģŶҲر𾴣ر겻ʧܣŶ˵һְģʦѹ
ʵ˵һֱͦԼʦֺ̨ܴ
ɽΪɽһЩСɽɣɾڴɽϣСɽרɾӣɾϲĴͽҲûСɽҲʦͽȴϵĵһסڴɽԵʡ
֮ұʦСɽһסΪﵽʱֻʮ꣬˭ҲʶֻϵʦһҪޣʦŽµġ
ȻȻǺʦסһ𣬵ʱǸŴʦһڴɽʦŴģǴʦ֮ĳɳʼˣĹﻹרŽƫסżʱͻȥסһʱ䡣
ʱʦûɽϣʹȥס֪ľԺҲܻǰʦסһˡ
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˳¶Ժ֪ʦֹȻûµСֽںɨһЩ߽߱ǽǶϷŹһСֽ˻ģɨŷʱ򱻿ŤŤȥ
Ȼ̲ס߹ȥ˳ϳͻ˻СԴ˷ܵ׷ȹܡ
Щֽ˵ĴС״ɫһģһģ֮ǳΪ˴ɨǸرˣڹҲȻҪסšһȾ
ԣÿԺ֮ķ߰ͻǳͷۣϻػػ԰ʰӵġ
ȻƿƫķԺ󣬾Ϳͬߵʱһɾҷķ䣬ǰŵĵȻΣȻСֽÿ춼вժʵĵǰġ
ȻľͺȻھѼԺЩҲûˣͺ۷ʲô飬ʼնһطıܷۣʼնôһ˻
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Ժ󣬳Ȼ͸о˱ϵʹУʦִǼʩģΪͨľ޷˵֮ˣıƶѾˣɽϵʮ걻˳ýһҲܲˡ
뵽ʦֵﻹֹʹĵҩȥ˸ķ䣬ĴڴȥͷϷľ
˹ӣڷ䵹ҪֹʹҩʱߺȻϤĵͳ˵زأ
ȻһҵĵҩƿӾ͹˴ϣһֻֽƿ̧ͷͿһͨһİ£ڹžĽ˿ʵģԵúܹƿӣֿһɾӶ˷ģֻǴʱ˵º͡
ʦ֣ȻϲؽһȴִѾ֪ʲô£̲ססʲôҲ˵Ѿˡ
û֮ദ˶ֻǾ񣬵֪ѹͺºûëǮϵºֻΪкöѣʦˣЦǲһǲ飬ܿǲһѶ
ȻǲֻǰŻ¶ʵȻô˶һµؾƢã
֪ΪˣǺָܻ߰ӣĹϵ˵۸ԼԼ۸ġ
֮ʲôҲûʣֻһԲؽҩ˻ȥȻ̲סһһٿ˿ĵҩصʦ֣Ҫ
֮ȴǽҩ˻ȥȡһɫƯСƿӳžͲǷƷӦòǿɣĶȻ֪ʦó֪Ķĺö̲סشչȥʣʲô
֮ҿƿǣһƮվڴǰͷࡣ
ȻĬ£û
֮ԺֻҪƤ˶ڰʱȬһ̺Ҳ¡
ллʦ֣Ȼ¶ˣһмЦرãԺһᱨġ
֮˳ǣٴС
ȻգգۣһߴĴһ֣ʦ֣ȥҩˡ
֮ȴҩְļϣѹ˴ϣݽͷҲ֪ͷʲôģſŻͦģ񣬲̲סеʦ֣ʲô
֮һȰڴϣѹļ赭дҩ
ȻһʶҪȴѹģͦص𶯣
Ȼǳ飺ʦ֣Ͳͷ˼ˣԼԼͺá
֮ЦһЦͦҲ⳰ضԼʦ֣ôԼһҿ
Ȼ
ֻϸҩѣʦ˼ҵں˵˵Щʲô
֪˻Ϊڸʲôֵֹء
ȻûʲôҲ֪֮׶ˣʮɽϵʱǶʮģڶʮˣǶʮģ˵ʵ䶼ˣ֮ȴûҪϤ˴ˣѹͲʲôġ
Ȼ˲ãΪ֮ĻµʱͺȻһ˷ܵľͺǷʲôƵģžǾʧĽŲڽԶȥ
ȻıľȻˣ
аɣҶѾ֪ϲﱻΪ֮ӵλʦˣҲٶһʦˡ
ں
Ĳں
Ȼһ̣̲סʦ֣ҺЩô죿
֮Цˣһӡ
Ȼ


 3 

֮ȻֵЩҩʱȴǺСģֻñϵĸҩҲ棬Ժоʹˡ
ûзƨɵĹأȻǾԲ֮ҩġ
ҩԺһߴ·һ߿֮øȡķڴ߱һ裬ˮر壬֪һɽûʵȪ֮ЩڵĶֱȷĻʵۻҪ
ʦϴҲһܣ˫ַɫһܺÿָ״ȴֲԵŮÿһָ޳㣬ˮƵġ
뵽žһ˫ͿͿĨĨȻȻЩڣָ´ʶһȦʱ֮Ѿϴ֣ӽˮɾͷƳһۣ΢΢ü
ȻС͸ߣѾԴϸ΢沿˼ˣüֻſȥˣ´ϵ˸߰Ľᡣ
ʵԼҲãϵ˵ģȻʦ޵˷ָĿ⿴ǲУ
ȻͷҪϵʱǰȴȻһӰʦֽ´һˣĶȻֺغܿϵˣ˳һġ᣿
ȻƬ̣ʦֲ֣Сˡ
ϵ´֮˳㽫Щƽչˣվֱ壬ƳһأǸǫǫӵò赭дŶ˼һ㶼
ȻĬĬԹ˱˵Ļ⣬᳤ת˻⣬ʣˣʦʮȥĶˣ
֮ù˵ַŻعȴԭڵùؾصƿѾҳһţƳһ۳ȻŮⲻӣһʰƿӣһƮƮػشĻȥһ˶μӻ񡣡
񣿡Ȼæתͷıӣú޲ȥ˭Ļ񣿡
֮һֻצӣֵ̫ӺСġ
Ȼһͷ㣿
֮ľ죬Ƴһۣ⣿
ûУûСȻҡҡͷŵǡͲǲǡ˵
ԣ֮ڷƿӵĶһ٣˼ؿһۣȻʣáºͷΣ
Ȼ£׹˼̲סЦԽζԽЦᶼЦʦʦ֣ЦҲ̫˰ɣǹϵôôأôߣҪ氮˷ˣһСܽ˸ҳ촷۵ģ
Ȼֻǻ;رЦЦЦžЦˣΪ֮һ˿ȣ漴һص䡢ʵҲôЦģʦ֣ͦḻġ
֮ɫûõĶȥջĿ⣬ëʹҲ֪Щʲô˻ŽӸϣתȡһرƯһӨɫӴɵġ

֮ÿλģȥĴַǳ࣬ȻѾϰΪˣʲôϲĸоڿ⴮ӵʱȴǱˣΪرƯڿʱȻһֺĸоʲô䱻ǣҪ
ӻɢһ㱡ĹΣӳ۵ףͺǽļҲȻˡ
ȻȻͷƵĵסԴ
֮ɫһ䣬һѱס׵ɫüȻȻôˣ
ȻȴѾ˵ʲôˣȫ˸ոľ
¶·Ŭȥȴûľ飬ڿ⴮ӵʱȴȻ
Ȼ󡭡ͱ𾪵ˣԭΪŰŮѾˡ
еľȴףԸң
Ȿͽ֮˼壬ҲһʶΣԼʦ֮һ·ŰֱҷĹ¡
ɵǣھ飬˶㲻ˡ
ԭľǹһƬģƬڰĻ֮һ̹ŵľˣ˵̹ڵ磬أֽԼ廯Ϊ︽ŵҲ֮ɢ˲ľ˵ȵϣŽγ硢ɽ硢˽硢ڤ硣
̹ŵȴӵؼŨǿ̹ɢԺ㻯ΪһǿԻص顣
٣ȻҲɵ
йǧʱĽսʱڣ飬Ҫһͳ統ϴȴһֻϹãȡ˾Եʤһͳĺ˻ġ
ҲӴ˳ʥǱֻõޣһ۱飬ػߣһȹ¡
ʱţȴԼʶ˽ƺֱײܵ˷˽磬ײһиĸУˣŮôˣʱǷ̥.壬Ὣģ黹ûʱѾǱʶؽԼ
ֻΪԺſԳܾ޴֮Ҳػָ֮ӵػҲԻص
ŮԣǿԽΪĸָдһģƫƫԣݱ¶ԺȴֻҪʦ
ʱ˶ҪõʦԺ󣬱ûҲûָϺĶ֡
Ϊ壬׼ȷ˵ΪʦԼɢԼĻǣʶԺֱǸûκʶ飬̺ǿ⣬ͺûκηֱ
ɾػ飬ƽƽȥͺǸͽûκκۼһ
ڼЩԺ󣬳ȻһѾú۵ԴˣʱȴȻһָüģоһůϸתţһͷ۸ˡ
¥ĸ߼
Ȼ£̧ͷͿ֮ĵؿգ۾Īж˳ӣʦ֡
֮ȻʣΪʲôͷۣ
Ȼôشȴַ֮ΪԼͽԼĻˣΪ
ȻĸжӲ˻ȥ
֮һѽŮƿĿ޵ضܻϲ㲻޳˾ԶܰЩԣΪʲôͲŬһ㣿쿪ʼ
һָ˵üģҪһȻȴȻסĸ첲۾ǺȻͨʲôƵģеԣ쿪ʼҪȥʦʦһϿΣһŬ޳˵ģ
Ů֮Իҵ³ΪԣӵϵȴֻעŮ鳤¡
ͬŲΪʦͷԼֻɻָ֮ԺſңʱΪݱ¶ٱΣա
ԣһҪ޳ˣ


 4 

ʦǵ˼֮˽ģʲôҲûʣһ˲ʯĽΪϲʦֻһᡣ
ᣬȻȻҲᣬֻǸ˵һԺҪڳ¶סˡ
֮û飬ҲΣȥСɽǱ߽˹˳ʦ˵ˣǱǺϵĸԣ뿪ǲ뿪˵޹ؽҪȻҲûзԡ
ʦλҲûãڶʱֲ֪ĶȥˣֻʱͿϲ֪ʲôʱ򱻴ϵʦ˵ڶʱҵ޳ɵҪ飬ɽҲǺѵõ䱦Ʒӵ١յĹЧ
ڲʮ꣬⴮ӵĹЧ˵ѹûôʦҲ˵ĻӦҲʱȥﷲ˵ļʮ겻ָһӼ䣬ԲŻǰĶ
Ȼ֪ɣɵĵֺܶ࣬ŶҪɵĶһͬʣҲڤˣҲʦ־ʲôڤȨĺҲ޷ڿɣɵĵλΪ⣬ŶŴýɾӵݾЩ
ʦȻݻĪȫͷ
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ɵķ˲ȾֺˣҲҪԶģȻҲȴԷȲߣЩʵģûôģŵ˶ǳרΪ֮鵤Ժ󲻵Աʣ˱øˮ顣
Ȼһö鵤Ժ󣬾͹˵ţŵĹȥˡ
ɣɵγ̱Ƚɣѡһ޵ϵĸϵͿԿԼȤϲϡ
ȻֻԳµĵӶԣȻ֪ʦôʦֵģÿϵʦнʦȽϵȻϵ֮ǰֹ̫ɢҲɹģԼܱܿȲϴɽЩտ޵ĵǡ
ڵ֪Ů¶ݻᱻԺ󣬳ȻһŬճɵģɲ챻˷ȴԱ
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ĵطڿɣɵϵϵĵΪƽ͡ϵ뼤ɫĽŵȽˣ˫ô͵
ŵĹҲ޵øķƵģȥʱ򣬾Ϳ޳϶һһѩڷĵڴէһȥ͸һȺķƵġ
ȻȻŵӴలʵҲһЩȽϻõŮӡ
ȻȻûסڴɽɣɲյӣʮǿɣСĵӣһʱʦʦǵϲ󲿷ֶϵá
Ȼ߽ڵʱ򣬾ͿĲ¶ʦ㾹ȻҲҲ۾̾ƴҡ֡
Ȼ߹ȥ㱻Աߵ£ûλ԰ɣɵʦŹֵʣСʦã˵ϲλʦǲǣ
û˵֣Ȼû˻᲻֪˵˭⣬ǰĵʦںͷʦҲĬĳͶһƳ
һһȵıԴϣĸϵıԣõһܻǿɣɵĵӣλʦֱǸϵĵһֱŵ͢ŵҩŵϹԣĳԼᵽ¥Ķθ衣
ﶼкܶԵӵŮӾӶ࣬ߵĶµ֣˵ϲǵʱ򣬱˶Դ˺׾Ųɡ
Ȼ͸Ŵ׷ǲ࣬ͦϲǵյģ͵һ׷ʲôҲУܳǺԵϲʦ£󷽷سˡ
˭֪һͷλʦ㿴ͱˣ·û뵽СʦãִôЩǲ¶ʦİõ㣬ɫüˣһס֣ɫСʦãԺһŬ
λʦҲæִһ档
ȻһʱףɻǣŬʲô
¶ֳգգۣһǽáɫϲĲͬһϲϹ԰
Ļ£ŵĵ̽ĻϲǽŵĴʦ֡
˵꣬ŵ±мɬϲ¥Ķθʦ֡
˵꣬ǶеؿΪû˵õǵϲǵһе˼ҲûС
ȻĬĬͽϲͬһˣ
¶ͷʮȻص԰Һϲľͬһ㲻Ƕϲ𣿡
Ҳ͵صͷһź̾ϢϧҲϲλʦ֣Сʦ飬ֻҪ˻ÿ죬ľԶ׷
ҲһĽؿ·ôôӡ
Ȼ΢
ЩʦĲڳɣ


 5 

ȻòɣһһεԣԲĵӾͻᱻȥɨɽҶ׼÷ֻɨһƬһƬɨȥõĻδʶޡ
ĲΪλģȴֲһһƽ˵һͨһõġ
ٶȲˣǺķˣҪʮӵһ
ȻɽѾˣҲǶ϶ģûԹԼ֪ʦֵԲֹ꣬ѹΪԵʡ
ɾ͵ĿԽҪٵģɣɰ궼һܳһ˵ģ°ʦʵŹ˶þҪӦٷˣĽѣҲԺܿǼֱͿĽˣۺʦҲĶ֡
ȻžЩ̵ģʱߵĲ¶ȴһ仰ͽʵСʦã㻹СҲû꣬˵ױȥɨҶɱްһġ
ȻĬƬ̣һۣ̲ס˵˵һἰأ
⻰¶û˵ʲô̲סЦŶ󰡣СĶʮˣҪ㳬˹ȥҪҪˣ
ȻһǱŶӽ龵ԵǣĬˣɵһ㻵ԶҲԷõӵеʵǲѾϵڡ
˵ˣȥŶӣ
¶ǼɱȥʱмȻһɧ˾ϲؽеʦ֣ʦˣ
ȻûߵŶӵĳǱߣͿ˵ĳˣǰͷǸһ꣬Ǹģˣ˵мƣֻҪøΪмͣȴ͸żİС
Ȼϵ˾ǽŵŵ͢һҰ׺Ǹ磬͢ǵܵܡ
ʦֵĹϵܺãСʱ򻹱ʦӸչ˼죬䲻׽ȴҲм˽⣬ҳĹϵźǸ䡢ԽӽʵغദĺǶܵܣǼֱἫˣӦǸȫȫĵܿء
ǶǿߺǰǷǳ𾴺ͳݵģֵ߽ڵʱ·֮˸·׷ʺá
ȻܿԼҵܵܲģǵʵ㲻ŶֱȥҲ˲ȴعأߵ˳ĶͷȥŶӡ
ϲˣæλ˳ҲˣСʦֺá
šһл
õܵվǰͷԼվںͷȴȻֵܵܵĶˣЩüһתͷſվԱߵļŮվŵСЩ⣬֪뵽ʲôЩŹ֣Ƭ̣ɫһ㣬˵ͷʦֻˣ
ջˣֻǽֲ֪ĶȥˡȻ£֪޹𣬱ʣʦʦֿ£
ûʲô£ֵٻһˡ
ȻӦˡ
˵ʱ򣬲¶Ǿ˷ܵһţʱ̹עܵܵûע⵽վǰͷ͢ͷˣǵĶԻʱ֪Ϊζ͸ˡ
˼ü
*
ĿǰԵĵǶͨ龳Եģǵ˷˺ʵ⣬ֻʮΪˮƽƽʱǶһϿΣڱ˴˵Ҳ˽⣬ϸ²ԵĽ˶١
ֵֻ͢ʱͲͬˣҶΧ˹ܺԽ޵ٶ壬ǳϵ츳ҲϸĲԽ߰ȻĵڣڿɣܹʱҲŶʮ꣬츳ҲǷǳˡ
ַ͢龳棬龳㻺رŨŨâҿ۲ѣ޳Ҳ¶ɵ顣
Խܿˣ߰ʮҲ˵һʮҪ֪ʮ궼һһġ
ٶȥָտɴˡ
ǾĽȴΨʲһһᣬȴرľ룬Ǿֻķݶˡ
͢һֻ׺ʱ͵ܳ𣬽ץסˣӴŵ˿ڳԵëҲûĹҲ׽ţ̫ӦעĿ⣬վԱߣֻһɨȥûٸҿˡ
͢˿ÿվ龳Ա׼ԵСʦãСʦÿСûһƤܰףẹֳ̈ˮģرɰЦʱҲˣǺÿС껹Ҫ鶯ϻۣ˺
ڽ˵Ļ͢ЩоǺˮһ𣬵Сʦýַ龳棬̲סʼģ磬ССʦãᡢ𣿡
˼Сʦ᲻ޣʵڿܵǵĵʱ֪˵ʲôԣ㰲οõģǿ϶ģҲǿ϶ġ
ǵСʦøɽʱܰޣҲʦҪޣʦҲҪޣҲֻǸİĵط¶ѣʱԺ󣬱˵ˣûгüʱ֪ΪʲôģɷϵСͦϲġ
мֻʱ򣬾˵ܵ𾪺˷ܵ𣺡СʦáСʦˣ

ʵϣȻˣ˴󲿷һѵʦʦǣֱΪһԾ˵ĵλͷһλѾȴֻһʮİ׻ʦ֡
ҶлˣλСʦüˣôڶ̶ʱģ
Ҫ֪ǰʮ꣡ʮ갡͵屦˵أ
޳ҲɻˣʣʦǲǡΪˣ
ƲǰŮֻǷ˵ʱģõĺٶҲûġ
ʵȻԼҲЩ㱣ų𾪵Լ𾪵͵ı飬ѸٵµĴû·ĬϵӣʦǷϵҲӣǲᱻҴġ
Ҳû뵽ԼȻǿҲǲ֪ԭˣ츳ҲԶԶ˵ģҲ⣬ԭ鱾ͻؼʱ츳Ҳʵ
ֻͲòʵαװø˲ˣȻܻܿѰ˵ע⡣
ŮĬˣ޳ҲûɣԼ޵ĻʦģܶһǿĵǸ˵ģ˵ͷ˵˼ŬĻ
ȴˣҲɾͽܣ
ĸʦͼͽܰɼɾģ
Ա޵ǵĽɬ飬͢ΨһһȳȻԼҪ˵ˣĿרעؿǱںͼŮ˵ЦСʦãԼûֵ顣
ϲȻߴͳᵭ
͢һתͷͿԼֳӵĿ⣬ĴԺһģͰ͵硭ҡû
ŻҪνŵòеӣһֱŵȴȻЦˣ͢£
ûʲô˼ġܵܵԴῪڣģ㡣
͢ģһǱƯСʦãӶˡ


 6 

޵Ŀγ̽ԺѾٽƻˣȻس¶ʱȴյʦĴѶҪ̻Сɽһˡ
Ȼܿ͡ȥʦ
Ȼھ˴ûʦʲôĽˣϾһ뵽ΪϲŰúܲҾѾ޲ñԶڵ˵ϲȴֻǰոշ飬ЩĽʦʱŮϸڶ£ûܰѳסʦյջײ˸ţͺ޲ʱܵһΡ
ô;Բٸɳ飡
ʮκͲڣȻӲͷƤȥСɽŬװһ·ʲôҲûзӡ
СɽԺ󣬱˳̨ʦס¶߽ڣûʦӰ˸ԸԵÿѾµʦڳԹͷǰЩ̾˼鸴ӵĸо
ûʦ˼Ȼһǡ׳ģƫƫһǳ˼̻ϢİãǾǳԹͷ
ȻʦԵĹͷǱɺССһģҲ¶һŵ壬˿忡续գҲı䲻ʦǶһʮڿйͷʵ
ʦÿһʱͻȥڷŲ߾ǰʳˡ
ȻľǸһ̹ͷѸٵسŵɾԼ֮ǰˣ͸оʮ־ϲǸʲôְûʦްɣ
ܲѰɣ
ʦȻԵθҲ󰡣
ĬĬţһʦˡ
ǽһͷˣѵ˺ɫףŶһޱվߵǰһ׾ŵ߸ǰŮһ˫΢΢´ϸ͸һ䵭Уޱضһ˵ʱ򣬺׾˲һԼ˵Ĵ
ʵֻøκα顢κѡ
ȻСûʦйŨҵʱ򣬵Ҳ⣬ָмˣʲô鶼ˣʲô˶ˣʲôȤűɡ
еŮȻĮ޶ģָһͳĽȥǿռء
̶˺𣿡˿ĵ
ԵЩǵĳƺȻһľ֮ǰҲΪֻʦһΪʾ׽ϲԿ϶֮ԲȻҲȻȻʵֻΪ̶ǰ߸˳ںýжѡ
ȻͷʦָҩѾȫˡ
ǵͷҪ˵ȴȻĽŲ
Ȼתͷȥ㿴ɪһʳˣǽõĳϣΪ˷ϽõһǴźȹҲؾģʱȴһҺɫȹӣҲ֬ϼ˫ƽʱҪ˼Ů
棡
ȻĿӹʳУЩΣʦǸԻ¶Ӧû˲֪ɣ
ɪϣǻǶޱû㡣
ӭ̬ȼֱֱ˵ˣȻʵͦĽʦϵӣʲôʲô˵ʲô˵ʲôȫΪ㹻ǿԾ㽫Χ˶Ҳ±ΧŹ
ɪȻҲѾǽֹСɽĹأɫ£ЦЩص˵ɾϲԸ㣬ҡ
û˵꣬Ǳǳ̶ϲ
Ļ£ȻͽյɪϲѺõĿ⡣
ɪȻǰɫЦ쳣еصЩģ㳢òóԣ
Ȼû˵ʲôǾѾؿʼϿˣ£ߣ̶ϲȥġ
ɪϵЦͳ׽סˣʲôг̶ϲȥ
ǡ
ȻܲӦãȻ̲סЦҪ֪ʦ˵ĻҲҪʦǲɪϣò˵ɪϷԸشԺڿɪЦЦʮֽ
ѵע⵽Щ͵գز֣л
ɪϵɫ׿ˣǿص˾䣺ɾؿһ£ȸˡ
ǡšһǺȻɪϵıӰּ˾䣺ʹš
ɪȻһ͵ıӰȻ̲סЦȴȻע⵽ԴĿ⣬һתͷͿۿЦݾסˡ
Ϊ֪ǿҲû⣬ѯʣʦҪ̸ʲô
ǿƬ̣޳˵޷츳ãұܺΡ
Ȼû뵽޳ϾȻ˵飬ᵽ飬ﲻһȴƽӣ޳ϹˣһԶԶȲʦֵġ
ȴȻһָüģڷʶ۾ȴԼ޷ˣǵĮڶߣһ֪
ȻЩҵȴŬ򶨵ӣûϢͷˣ̽ӦҲ鲻ʲôġ
΢ֻǲעģôȻ޳ϸ츳ҲӦǵţһԲѡ
Ϊʲô
ǲǡڻˣ
Ȼ֪·ΪѰʧٵ飬ԭŮݵй¶ģȴѾǲֻǵõһ˷ֵ˾ǣɼɢĮıȴһʮµġ
̽ʱ򣬸оָĻɼˮһʵģȴ亹Ҫˡ
һǲŽ˻ջ֣⵭ƺ˼ӡ
ȻԼܶˣ˼ĿǿûкˣǺȻһЦʦҵΣ
΢΢´ɫ糣ҲָƽֹƬ̣ŵпɡ
ȻǸ䵭ƽӣﷴ˿ӦûʲôģЦҲ࣬ʦû飬ұˡ
ǡšһʱȥɽɣҡ
Ȼ£ǡ
֮ǰĬĬƳһǵľ²ͷڶѾ˵ӳ˼Ȼ֪ʦֲʳˣһԶţʲôֻڷĽڰɣ


 7 

֪ǲǵҩŵĹаԵڻһװʮ˵İ¯ԭ򣬵ҩŵĵǲŮԵ䡭ԡ
ǲϲ̻Сɽûŵ¯ԳȻڵҩֻⷽѧ˸ۻʵʲûԹﻹЩڴӡ
ҩŵĳȻҲ֪ʦɽϿҲǺɫģָһɫС¯ӱԼȥˣвȥ
˼ƽһʲôõʱ򣬺Ȼ͸оȵĿ⣬ƺһתȥʱЩʦʦҲջߣ˵˵ֻЩٶע¶Եʮ֡
Ȼü̲סԡר־Ȼʦ㣬ʣʲô⣿
ʦһãȻûа
Щһοʱ򣬳Ȼ̷ɿҲȥȴûӣΪҲɿƿߣû
ϿʲôȻ
ʦˣǲ֪һ˼ӣԥԥںشչǾʣСʦðҲΪ׷ʦֶ𣿡
ԣȻһЩҲйעߵĵǣԼԼŮ裬ʲô˼Ƭ̣Ȼսʦ㣬Ц£Сʦɱ˵ȥ
ʦİõ㣬ɫ˷˵ͷСʦô̲ͨסôߣСʦϲʦ𣿡
ȻѾİõؽԼԼŮˣôҶ֪ϲλʦ֣ͻȫʦ飬οҲȷ᲻ٽʦcpϾǰļ궼ǺоһϲʦģһؽԼ˺λʦְһ
žһкʦcpĿܣ
ڻ᲻λʦcp¾ȫҪˣΪʦֵҷ۶ܶ࣬ȴһģŮ˽¶ǵĸοӦþһһϲüʦֵŮѣ
ʦһ⣬Ȼͷ·ΪƵĳĬ˻𱸵ʦλʦֶǿɣŵĽܿҲδˣǶһ㡢ôԺ˱أʦ±ƵؽɫǵĵλһģҶǵϲһҲ࣬һҲ٣𣿡
ʦ齩ӲƮŲӵ˵ͷָ󣬵񡭡ʦҲˣ
Ȼ
ʦ־ʦ֣ΪʲôҪӸ֣
ȻѸٵĲΪĵЩʦ֣ǡ
µת㿴վˡ
ӳǵҩŵϹԣڵһİ£ɫףò˫۾ϸֳڣмû˯ѵɢо˸оʱҸط˯һ޶˶һֺԸС
վȴǰżֵȥ͢ͶЩЦˣҲһЦݣֻıʱ΢΢¡
һʮص΢΢üͷͺһʮּʮΪʮֳ˵һ
ʱЩҲѾ׷׹λʦʺãȻҲһǴк֮ȥԼĵҩûôԼղŵĻϣҪЩƱ׵ĻǼ֪ٱˣѹͲǻ⡣
ǣǴкϹԵ˵ͷĬƬ̣Ȼ㷽˵Ǿ仰𣿡
ϹԵĺȻʣҩŵĵǰԾֿ׷˶䡣
ǲźۼؿϹһۣԴ裬Եĵܱܵƺģļο
ȻҲĬƬ̣ʣ֪ʦʵһ䣿
ϹԺû۾мԸУҲģ˵ǿɣɵĽδˣ㣬Сʦϲˡ
˵ģǽʦֶԶ
һϹҪβͶȥ˵ӣȻλʦֿǸ˴ʺƨģԼԼȥ
˫ϸ۾ֳ̫ÿһ˵ݵԸУ̫ˣȻ̲סƿ۾ԣôΪģʦ
ϹˣƺϵƵԴֵܣõصʦҪŶ
ͷ
ŶŶ
Ϊǲǣ
װʲôɰ
ҪΪ˰ܵᣬǺ޲õͷߡ


 8 

ճȻԪĺĲҩɲꭳӳ˳Ⱥ˳ͷһһ¯С
ƿƵĻʱˡ
ȻŵҩƵӽȴЩڰϵŵҩ¯
ʱǰȻһӰһתͷͿ˳Ե֪͢ǲǵڵ¶̫ߵԵʣЩˣһ˫͸̬ر
ģһλʦ־һֽʦܵĴ᲻ԾЩЦȿ˿ڣʦ֣ʲô£
Сʦãҡ롢롭򴽣ɫˣҪ㡢㡭
Ҫ
ʦ˵ʲôȻԼˣȴ־͢ǻ˵ֻᱡˣ˰첻ģ۾뿴ͼȴȻĿƿˣĵ¯ͺȻˣʲôҩҪҰæﲻ᣿
͢Щˣȴż޷Լ˼ֻתͷȥվڲԶעߵյܵ˫ʪһͿˡ
̧߹ȥ㽫ܵԼȥڤ翴Сʦã֪ǲ͢ˣûڣ͢Ȼٻͦġ
Ҹ磡Ҹ˵ڤڤˣ˵ҪСʦȥ͢һ˵˳ĵ˿͵͵ȥɫСʣûɣ
Ļɫȴˣĵʮֵغɸ֣ûˣԭѵڤˣԼСʦһȥ˻ǰ¶õķչĻᣬܵȴƫƫҪҲˮ
ֻǿһ۵ܵΪûӣֲˣ㳯ųȻ˵ͷ
ȻЩȣȥ
ĿǰֵܵתһȦ˼
Уֻڿɣڸ֮һҵģĸӻʦЩ񣬼֮ǰϲʦ𣬱ΪʦȻȴֻ谮Ȼʵ֤ʦʲôĶĴ֮ǰҲйעģڿɣɴûͬĸŮߵý˵Լһȥˡ
ڿ⸱ΪѳϵɫȻӦҪ͢һȥϾǺܳܵܵģҪܵܳȥҲܾ͢˿û˼ÿ㽫һҲˡ
ȻԾˣӦˣʣʲôʱȥ
͢һȻ׷Ҳȫ벻ˣû취ֻ̾˿ûµĻſνȥɡ
ȻҪͷʱȴȻðһͳɢڤҲȥ
ȻȻðһȻͿϹԴɫȻƮ˳ЩŵĵҲȥ
Ȼ
ʦôڡ
׼ȥģصʦ֪֪ʲô
ϹԷ·ûͷƵɢվţһ첲˳Ȼļϣ˫ϸֳɢ赭дҲ֪
ɫ䣬ǽŵĹأƵʱ򣬾Ӧáνˣ
ֻûϽԵĵܾܵһѽְסˣ͢˼ֿƺϣСʦǰ¡
ĬƬ̣Ϲһֻۣޱؽ˻ػϹԡ
ϹȴȻûаܻӭԾԣͷԵСʦã۾һգգضսĶ䣬˵ĵңҲȥ
˫ϸƺЩЦ⣬ҲǸո˯Ƶģһʮмܲס
ҡûȻ۾ѿڣڽĿתƵŸ˵ʱŸоԼĻѸ
ƽˡ
˿ɸмؿһۣϹĻˮԶЩȴˡ
ȴüΪϹҲҪһȥŸмؿͷЩ죬Ϲ겻ɢ


 9 

ڤڴģɣɻͦԶġ
ٳǰվڿɣɵĽ籮ǰŷ磬Сʦ̫Ϊ͢
ȻûԼͻɣҪȥĻÿԼʦ־ͲͬˣһһģԳ̳˸ͻɵ
οûʲôģҲǷǳڴһë޵ģ
ţ̲סĶѵ͢۾Цʦ֣ԭκҿɲĶ䣿
Լ͢ôҲǺ˰ɣһ¶СҪӦûǿԱİɣ

ȵȣ
Сʦǲʲô
˵͢ɿû͢ԭε˼
ɽһҲǲױԭεģ˵ˣܵľٶֻڰ֮Żеġ
Ҫ֪СʦֻǸʮķˣҪΪҲܵҲ˼ˡ
ԵܵСߵĸһӦģûпڽͣõܵԼ˵˭֪͢ڳĬһ󣬾ͺ˵ͷ͵͡šһ
ʱһӵؿܵܣû뵽СʦǰȻһҲûУ˼˵ʲôӦûеǺĸ߰ˣ
ģ
Ȼֺ͢ɸֵ飬ʮϲСʦΪʲô뿴ԭΣĶ䣿ûжԸ˵ĻܵĶǲǴϲľ
Ȼ֪ǺֵܵϷôḻֻǼ͢Ӧˣ͢һЦллʦ֡
СʦЦرɰ͢Ķ΢죬ҲСʦЦЦ˵
ȥܵ⸱ֻСʦõɵŤͷһ̤ԼĳҪʱȴһֱĬϹԻڽǰͷš
ȻҲע⵽ˣΪϹԲ֪Ҫˣĸ첲ʦ֣㲻ߣ
Ϲתͷһֿۣһ͢µĽĵĿⶢ˿۸͢һҲû˵˼Ѿֵúԡ
׹˼󣬳ȻʱͲ֪˵ʲôˣȻ͢ϹԻֺõԱȥڤĹϵ˵ϹԻ͢ϵǰʦˣô˼ñʦܱģ
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СʦáȻϲˣ


 10 

ڤʱڴǣûãͿСʦýŲõǰͷ͢ɫظֻһ˫۾ֺ֪Ϊǳ˷ܵԵʡ
ͲЩ΢ܵǲҲ̫Щ
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֪ΪΣȻر˲ʣʱ˲ͬ͸˱ʲôˣڿʲô֮Ƶģʹĸо
Ҳע⵽ˣСʦò⣬ϻһ˿ʧӣӦǷɻꡣ
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 11 

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 12 

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ۡ


 13 

Ȼ˰ϣȻյ˰һ˵Ŀ⡣
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ϰǰѾ˶Բߣʦһűˮ飬ͿԽΪβκˮĸʴˡ
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ϹԾûʲôؿʣʲô
ȻϹһۣЩɻ̬ȣʱȴ͢ԱߵǣǸӡ
Ĳ²Ҳ࣬ȻȻؿԸһۣȻԸӵĹϵá
ȴûΪĮ̬ܺضûʲô£ֻЩҪǡ
ϹԱûˣתͷκӣǲܲϵЩЦֺ
Ҳţѯʣʴ˿ɻꣿѱκˮľɢˡ
Ȼû뵽ɻѹһҲûҲ˳ˮ۵Ĭˣ̬俴ɫ·ȷµص˵ͷ
ȴйȺƭͬ˵˫ЩϬ۾ȴĬĳȻƬ̣ʣģ
Ȼ㽫ʦָıˮȡ˿ŷ
˼ۣҲ֪ûţԹһ⣬ּǰڤȻǰţڹﱻ°Ժںӵײ̽һȦȴûҵκڤȥʹںӵ׿зʲô쳣
ȻŬӣȴһѺû뵽ӣȻˣܳ״Ļɣպ˵й©
ֻǡӦô
˼ȥֻһҧԼʲôҲ֪ҲܽȥܵϣϾӵ׳Ҳûˡ
ۿĳĬҲԽԽЩãȻҡҡͷϹ߿˿ЩµӣҡҲ֪ڱɻץԺú籽ŶˣĶ˵ģ
͢Ļ۵òУٿСʦͷ·ʪյģˣ̲סƵı˼ŭ⣬Сʦõ֣͵Сʦãǻȥ
ûߣЩȻҲˣͽǸסˡ
״Ѿְ˽ʣ䲻ؿһˣ֪ʲô˼
ϹҲɫƵؿڿԼĸס
ȴǶűǻмĳȻţӣԭҲǲϷɵģһλǽڤ쳣ԭ򡣡
𣿡ϹЦƾ޾ݾͻˣ
͢Ҳŭ⡣
ȴһСʦãȷҲ磬ɱضɣܵȻСʦãĵȻȥ˵
ȴñ̽һǱˣԻǸ
Ϲˣ͵ǸֵǮ
̨ǶʱҲЩÿˣƫʱСʦҲƺòȴܼؾܾԲҲܴӦҪ󣬺οҲûκ֤֤Ļɡ
ȴǼԽǾܾԽ϶ԼĻɣڤĿŴδֹһȴǰˣùŹڴʱ俪ݹ겻ڤˣЩı᲻ʲôıƿڤģ
۵̬ҲǿӲǱֻܵˡ
˵ʱѾһΪȴ塢˶סģһסԼǾ޷⿪ġ
߶ԽǵͷȻ˹ȥνҲ޷ֺ
ȻĹЧһ˭סǲֹͣģҲԴУ֮ǰѾ𣬱ܿȴ׷
ҪסʱȴȻһֻֽ˹ȥǰȴգۼѾΪ촷ۣû㹻ǿһģеתͷ㿴µ֮ΪڿɣɣñڿɣʱҪЩЩǫǫƵķǣһֺŴӵĸо
ʦ֣էȻȻЩҵһĶʱϲرסô
֮ڵϣĿº͵ؿҲἫˣȻΪҼһÿɰСʦˡ
Ϊʲôǿöǡɰ
Ȼ˶Ƥ񣺡ʦ֣ۺú˵𣿡
֮ȴٿǿѾĳָס˵²ʣô£
ſƺȴ֮һֽۣĻ˻ȥⷬ״һ£ȥһ۸֮ߵСҲû˼ֻ
û˵֮꣬Ѿֹ̧̧סĻºָ߹̬˿µ޻˵
㲻زˣСʦ÷һ͵Сﶼɣ˼ôŸȥͷɢɢġ
СȻ
֮ƺеĻֿһ۲ĶԼ¼ֵܣЩǣԣǶǾСû˿ɵģԵܹƵġ
Ҳϸһ֮ߵСҲʮӣϵϢҲǷ˵ģʦԱһӣƺҲȷʲô
Ҫ֮ǻģֻ˳۵ص˵ǣǱһʱˡ
Ȼֱǿ̾Ϊֹʦȼ仰ͽˣ
֮ǰܳϿҵظǸ͵ڤĳڡ
Ȼȥʱ֮ͬһȥģȻûмߣĻˣĬĬͷһۻӰŵ̾͢˿ߣҲߣ˰
ʦ֡Ȼ֮۾ˣǲʦһʲôţ
֮ȴƳһۣһָֻĶͷԶϵˮˡ
һص첻ú£㣬֮ǰ˵ҪȥϿΣΪ˺еһǰ£
Ȼ
Ǻʦýͻѣôһ˵ܻƵġ
治İ


 14 

˿ɣԺ󣬳Ȼûüͺͷļλʦֵһ£㱻ʦָ˳¶֮ϿŻºͶ˷ģܸ֪ϸ΢仯
λ˼һ£ʦģһѾһˣһλͱ˼ˣֵκӲҵһ̫ʡˡ
Ȼмů⣬ʦطΨһ˰ڷĸĸڻϲϲؽԺһֱûйˣǵļҲЩģˡ
ԣһ˳¶ֽѾڵ˵ʱڵܹȥ˹ˮ˸ܹ֮ɵصʦ֣Ȳ衣
֮˹һڣ㽫豭ϣ̧˵ɣô£
ʦ˵ʲôȻһãȻӡ
װ֮˵֣ڤ
ѾµڤйأһѾȷˣȻ㻹ͼһ£գգۣȵʦ֣ԼҲ˵ֻһСҡʲô
֮Цһ£ֱӽʯˣЦ崺磬ǳˣҿʲô
Ȼˣʦ֣бҪ̶𣿡
֮ȴƤ΢̧˵һ֣
Ȼ
һؿǱܲȥˣȻֻýַȥӦ֮ߣ֪ڶ˺ܶĽһ
ԭֻΪȴѾߴǧ߰꣬͸һҹƵģ
ԱķӦ֮ԵҪöˣ·֪Ƶģ֪ڤ֮Ӧ
Ȼĵʱһ£ȴû¶ɫʦ֡ǻҼˣ
֮ɫһ٣Ƭ̺Դ㵹񡣡ϵĲ豭ֺ˿ڲ裬ŵʥػɭϣܼõģ
ĻȻ᲻֪Ѿʧ飬ֻܲ⴫ѣʦ
ȻȻЩʦֵݣﻹ˿ʦֲûзܣųģ϶Ƿ˲ҪǧֻһӶѣûȻҲǿԲʶģھĴⷽҲһֱΪ鱻˵ȡˡ
ôڤһøһĽͣܳϴɡ
Ͼܹϵʦ֣Ҳܸ
Ȼţһ·ʲôӣصʦ֣ҡʵ˸ųʦѧĽʦ˵ԶֻԸɻѣû뵽ڤҲ
鼮̺ȷҲֽļصģֻǿɣǺɵģֽǲʹõģֻܷ
Ϊž޵ĵӣＸװ˲е鼮ĿﳬȺҲߣоŵķ
ȻѧһЩ֮Ҳ֪µģΪ¶ͬһܣô˵ӦҲĲŶԡ
ڤǰš
¶Ҳû֤ݱйصģҲȥͣԵá
֮ĻĬ˻Ҳ֪ûţڤ˵ȥ˻йأͱٰһ졣
Ȼ£΢ԭʦֱôҲֻǹ鳶Ϲϵȴֻܶѡ
΢΢ʱȴȻһֻů޳ָסˣ漴оһ˳ƴ壬Ȼؿȥ㿴֮ڸ
ͷ΢΢ţüĿ续ݿǫǫ޿ޡ
֮һִһ߶ոǧˡ
ȻܵԴԴϴ͹΢֮ƽº͵ӣס
֮ǰȻ˵ʦ͵ģʵҲ֪ʦΪ£ɽǺһҪĶҲǿвŵõģ֪֮Ҳụġ
ʦȴ·ֻһС̬ûҪмر˼
ʱ֮ѾĴͣ˻ȥպΪζǧΪ˵͵ģ𣿡
Ȼ˵ͷЩݳȥĹ̲꣬סʣЩô죿
֮лᦣҪٻЩ練ƣ㲻عˣ˲ɡ
ע£Ȼ΢΢£ȴ̲סʣʦ֡Ϊʲôôã
֮һۣЩӣЦˣͷ赭дصʦֶʦúò쾭Ҫʲôɣ
Ȼգգ۾мصʦ֡ԺҲõġ
ָ֮ʦҪܸ
֮ȴ´ǣصԺˡ
Ȼʦֵ˼ǡ
֮վ˸ϵ壬ʸ߹󣬵ұһ˵ţһۣζصȻȻ㻹СЩ黹͸ģ𣿡
Ȼֱ̫ܳˣúð쿴û˵ʦ
С󼸺ûʦæýŲմصģڳ¶ʱ䶼٣ھȻҪʱˣص㣬صĺ䣬Ҫ
ʱڿɣɵķǺͷĵĶθʦһȼˣѹʦֶҪ֣µȰˡ
ȻƬ̣̲סΪԼ⼸䣺ʵҶǼλʦûʲô˼
֮ÿɷЦһ£ƺŵӡ
ȻҪ˵Ȼ˳¶ԺһԽɬСʦã㡢㡭ܳһ£𣿡
ͷ֮Ŀ΢
Ȼô˻и͢ʦأ֮Цرʦ֣ҳȥһ£ܿͻ
֮ûԣֻζƳ﷢ë
*
Ȼ˵ţ㿴͢վͥԺˣ˼ϲɫʣ΢ƺϲӡ
ʦ֣ôˣȻ߹ȥ
͢㽫һɫ˿ϵŵƯݸһö滨壬͸żһǺܹصĶ
˿壬ֿ˿͢ЦùֽŵȻһӾ뵽洫ϱĴұһĶˣΪ»͢ģֻܾתתصʦ֣ԲöҲա
͢£˫ĺЩˣɫּΪӿʮ˲ģѹҪһܵܣҲ᲻ò谡
Ȼö췸տصëˣѵƿĿ⣬壬ſڵʦ֣ʵˣҶϲǰĽֻ֮ϲѣԡ
ȻĻû˵꣬ĴȴȻ͢סˣָůĴԺЩܾƵɿˡ
͢ڿΪѵ̬ʱѾµҪ˵ʲôˣûϲＫΪʧ䣬ȴǲ˵κξܾĻһʱ鼱ðڶȵĿʱĶЩˡ
͢飬ȴǿСʦ¶˼ʵЦݣҡ׵ģ㲻˵ˡ
Ȼȷʣˣ
͢˵ͷ۵ȴڼѹɫ
Ȼܹⲻȥˣû͢ϲģɣϲŮҲܶ࣬ȴǻûһܸߣǻϲ˭ӣΪԼҲֻϲڶŮеһԣʲôġ
֪˵ʲôܰοʱ͢ȴֽ˹ңҵ㡣
Ϊ˵Ͱ͵ģ˵ʮֻҲ˶ݡ
Ȼ˿ֿеֿ˿壬˼β£һĵòУԲҪһҵõĶ
Ȼһ㽫ˣȻⲻʲôôΪܰһ㣬»á
Сʦ͢ģ漴Ҵҵغˣֱ߳˳¶ԺɫԵͷҲȥ
һֱŵܵܣǵĶԻȻҲˣСʦþܾܵһΪϲλʦ֣˵ЩСʦ˵ܵܵģΪҪģ
ѵǸθѧģ
ܴܵͷɥӣۼˣصС͢СʦĶ⣬㲻ȥѰһһһĹ
͢ȴ˵·߶źĻԣһƺѾȶתͷԸЦЦȻһ⣺磬ɫ֮ˡˣѡ˭
ԥԥҲĶ˭Ҳѡ
͢£ƺЩ⣬漴̲סʲôЦһЦˡ
ЦҲʱȴܻܵ˸ʷǣѣýѡһѣ
ûشˣü˼˻κɫʵܡҪ𣿡
͢˵ȴЦˡ
漴ʲô
ԭ͢ǿСʦõŹȻﲻԵӣǡ
Ҳͦеġ
СʦõˣѾýȴֻѡһѣôѡ
Сʦͦѵġ
룬Ϊѵˡ


 15 

ǼΣ֮ԾȵķȻǶĽ֮ڵڶһȥ¥ҪһһŹΡ
֮ڿɣһײβģʦȥ¥¥һʦʦ°ͶҪˣϵĵҲĽġ
֮˵ĽΪ֮ɽŵĵһλɽҲͬһǿΪģ֮˵һζɽ޵ֵĵһ
սɹĻȡ֮Ϊһɽ
Ϊֹûֹս֮ˣΪ˵һˣǰʮĴܶû˸ȥսЩǧǰˣֻ֮񻹳գòʳڣְ֮͢ڵͬģҲһ档
ȻҲʦֵӦͬ͢ǲ˶٣ҲԵ츳̫Щ˷ġ
*
¥Ժ󣬳ȻûλĵĶθʦ֣˵ɽȥˡ
֮һȥ¥¶ڣΪõɷӣ÷ǳվſԶ˳ʲô
ԣΧ۵ĵٶ࣬Ҳװµġ
֮ȥݸϯղ¥Ƕ¥ϵҲǧˣӦ壬ҲѾ¶̬°͵İɫ볤ģͦͰӡ
ȻҲȥ֮Թվһ߿֮¥϶ͬ˵֮Ӻݣݳɫ¥ǰҲûΪ󱲵΢о߹ݼˣڼӣȻ¶Ѿ۷
˵Ȼȴ˳֣ҲһȹڷòĲ¶ʦ㣬վŵǵ¡
ҲȥԺ֪λʦϵܺãϲ뽹ġ
Ȼʦ˵һ͹ȥˡ
Сʦãʦִģ¶գ˷ܵ
Ȼͷ£ֵʦ˵ҪҹҪҪһѧ
Ǿʦֽһ̫˷ԴˣӦúʦǷһ¡
ȻĻ˶¶˾лı顣
ʦ黹ЩηǲˣҲġ
԰Сʦãθʦֵġ¶̾˿ϧڡ
״ȻҲǿʱȴȻʦЦһֱصԼʦǰ󡣡
Ȼû뵽ɣЩЦҲʦֲֵġ
ǡ¶¶֮ɫؿһǱ̬ʸ߹ʦ֣̲ס㲻áʦֻ̫нܸһıĸо㿴ƢãҲҽӽԼվǰǱ΢ġ
ƺ̣Ա㸽͵ص˵ͷ
Ȼ
ʦǱȽϲ۹ҲһЩҲûеôŵĵزɣ
Ҳ⣬֮ڿɣɲûôͨɽһһָ߲Խӽĸо
˵ʱ֮Ѿ˺¥ϵ̸˹û߽˱׷˺Ѹٳˡ
ȻĬĬ֮վڵԾĳض
һƬһƬεĳӸģﻹɫͷĻ䡣
ȻȻЩʦֻҪԾ뵽ҪǹȻˣ㳯ŵ˹ȥʦֵࡣ
ʦöܵΧ۵ȴˡ
СʦÿǸʮ˰ʦȴɽĵһˣǵŶ򲻹ɽ綼˸սʦ־ȻҪͬСʦñԣ

ҪһСģСʦú׾ͻ˵İ
СʦӰλǼֱҪۻˣôǿأʦ̫ˡ
¶Ҳôãһ˵ֻЩĵˣСʦᱻɣ
˵˶Ǻܴģһ˾ѪһѪҵԶˡ
ųеˣ˶ۣ˵ģʦֻзִ磬Ժڴɸµӡ
ȥˣ̲סϸؿ˿ڣǲáʦֺܳ谮Сʦġ
¶Ĭ£̲סļ̾˿û˶Ծ𣿡
ɽĶԾǿɾ۵ģǻھͻܾȻһϳ;飬˷ǶԶֵ裬ҪԾʲô
*
ǵô𣿡֮
Ȼͷǵõġ
ͨĻһ൱棬õúãĿԶݵԻԷ־ģǻΪġ
ѽΪѹƵһꡣ֮ŵĻңҲỹ֣ܰһƬ½ҲӮ
Ҳ֮⻰ʱ˺ôһѹʦʦϰ˶Ծ̨ΪҪԾء
ˣ˻ʮڴǽı֡
ȻȴԼռ˱ˣʦ֣㲻ҡ
֮ȴº͵ЦЦʦ֣ʲôӮĴ
Ȼҭסˣ
ܺãҪǲӮ͸գ
*
ȻǺãʵȴ֤֮ʵɲģѾΪѹƵһ٣ƾãҲܺѵض㿪Ĺ
ڹĹȻû˸ֶȴû֮ܶӰ죬ӰҲƮȴƫƫ͹߲ԶλãоԼͿȴϣա
ָо͸èһûֻѾÿҪǽè
ĵȴúܻ죬ͲྐྵӶˣһ߸̾СʦȻʦȣĻõҲǲҲܴõһһֶۻˡ
ڳȻһֻ𽣬ٶȺܿشӿг֮ɹȥʱ֮ӰȴҪĵ֮ǰˣƮݣûгĸо
ǳȻѾ۵һͷ˵ϣΣЩض֮
֮ǰʣҪ𣿡
Ȼû˵ֻǼװۼӣͷҲˣڸо֮ͷĿʱʱ˵ѾģԼĶĴ˹ȥͬʱҲΧûļ⵶ܻܻ޿ɱܣһ˸֧ţþҲԵøΪʵ
вٵĵӶԻһ£ųеĻ⵶
˭֪֮ĶȻôǿĺȻϮӰ죬ֻһ˻֮⣬ȴ˳ǹ⵶ϵ˹ȥļⶼ̲סһʶ˻Դصؿ˵ϡ
ڳĵǶоһۡ
˶ԾĽŵӶ̲ס̾СʦҲ̫ƴ˰ɣ
ûע⵽֮ǰ˰벽ֻڿˤڵȴֺȻʧԺŶסŲȻû
оϢ֮ûתװʲôҲûвӣȻȻͯȴѵõһ¡
ʦ֡
ʱҲѾһƬ˶ؿųĺССԼͣСɫķϵ˺ᣬջЩӤʣȴֲԵ֣ɫװ׵ģ۾ģװһ峺
Ҳ̫̫ɰ˰ɣ
֮תҲСܸߣǸӵģģԺͷҪˣͷգˮ۾׵ĶͷŴίصʦ֣ʹ
ǣ
СʦСʱôɰ
Ͱ͵Сģְ뽫ؼҲ
֮·Ѿ汻ĻԻˣǰС꣬ô˹ȻﲻЩļȴŬûб¶գ۾
ߵǰԺ֣ܵæһѾסۣĲ˼ʵУɶԿ֮һЦʦ֣թ˰ɣ
֮ȴĶͷһоͷϿĵĵطҲˣ£ѾСԴȴº͵ЦˣԴţӮˡ
ȻͺȻҲôˣʦⷴӦҲ̫ƽ˰ɣôҲ߿һ°
ûɾ͸С
ʦֵû߿һ仰ȴ̲ס߿ˣȻԴЦȻȻƺϲǱ㱣һɡ
Ȼı齩ˣʦ֣Ҳ
֮ȴûĻ˵꣬ʩ˷һ磬
˵꣬ʧǰôˣ
Ժ󣬳Ȼ㱻Ͱ಻סҪǰΧ۵ʦʦΧסˡ
ͷǸ֣·Ǹʲôϡ汦Ƶġ
Ȼǰţ˵ҪˣȴƺȫȥĻ̲סˣˣˣͷҪͺˣ
ĿɰСȻƢ£漴ؿ׵Ҳÿɰ
Сʦãſһʦǹ˵ʦǳŶ
ȻҪڣʱ֮ȴȥˣȺ𣺡ȻȻôߣ
֮һ˱㲻ΧۿɰСʦˣ׷ÿ·
Ȼ˿Сű֮ûü㱻ǱСһű㱻ٸ߸߷ļϡ
ļϣȻСˣ
֮㲻øˣߣһ߽͵ȶ̡
Ȼ̣ûס߿ⲻΪʦ𣿡
Ҫȥ˵ģ
֮תͷȴȻЦ£ԴǣȻȻ̫ɰˣʦ࿴ô죿
ÿº͵ЦݣȻŭһҲˣЩƮ
ʦôȻô˵ˣ
˹ֲ˼ģȻĬƬ̣˿֮忡Ĳ̲סڰصʦʦ֡
֮΢΢ţ
ȻС־ͷʮڴʣٶҼ𣿡
֮ı΢ðΣŵУҪ졣
Ȼ


 16 

ڸ֮ѧϰʱȻᵽǰʦĽжᣬʦֵҪرϸÿһϰĵز㲻ͣ˵Чȴġ
ʦȻӱȽϷϵһɣȻѧҲͦõģڸʦѧһԺĽչ٣ַѾһҲ
˿ɣɵĻ⣬֮˳Űһ£Ǿ˱㽫ĸ߼Ҳ̸Ƚϴʥ࣬汾ǵģѧͻȽϳȻѧʱʱȴ٣ǿʦֽһ̻ˡ
֪Ϊı飬ȻҲ͵Ӧ֣ʦֲ֪ʱЩؿһۣҲǾһ;츳ߣ漴ֽڤҲ̸
ڤڤĸ߽׹ŻʹõķûЧ塢ǷȴǷǳõģԻԷöԷͬһ㡣
ѧϰѶȱһ㣬ɾѧˡ
ʦֿˣҪ֪޿ʦǶô׵һ飬ȻЩƮƮȻѧ͸ˡ
ȻʦʦҲгɾ͸УҲ̵Խˣһܶûķ֪Щһġ
һºĽ죬ҲѧϰҪˣʦ׼һѹᣬһжϻƵͦɱĶ̸
ʦ˵жϻĳһԼзģӵдɽ֮ܣƻԼǿʺڴսۻƾһз䶼ˡ
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ʱתͷСʦãȴ۾գҲգضƬ̣ʣô
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θģ˭ţ
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ᵽθͺһѾ
Ƴһ۽ɰСʦãΪСʦϲԼɢɢ̸̸ĶѣΪСʦ˼ʲôֻǽڶѣû뵽СʦþȻô˵Ҫɽըƽİɽըƽˣ
뵽ϺҪѵ;ĺۡ
Ѿתͷȥ羰СʦãЩ΢ȻڲͬСʦƺҲͦɰ
֮ǰըƽɽ̲סЦԽЦԽЦ
ȻһۣһԻ󣺡
ʦֵĽɽû˻Цó
ǵҵɵӰɣ


 17 

֮ûڿɣɳסģǴ˶ñˣȻҲоȥҴҵģһѾһ¾ѾѵˣȻʲôҲû˵ȻǽҪæͣģʱ͸ר־һҲ͵
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֮۲֪ԾΪԼƵۣ÷ЩڲμҹһΣ


 18 

Ȼϸϸع۲ŷıѡʮģϾûĶѡ˸ģǵӦһӡ
ڣĽǺԵģ仹ûҵʶڻ״̬ȴҲԼϲã㵱ˣ㷢Ӧ
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͢Ѫز˰󶨣󶨳ɹԺߣСʦãѡá𣿡
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Ȼ˵ͷͬһȥˣȥԺ߱мѽ΢΢ˣ˿ӦĽȻֻмѣܱһҲûеĺá
ڣĽźͳǴӸѰıûһǲģиӦ⼸ѽȻҲǷƷҲͦÿѡַ֢ð춼¾
͢Ϊ֮ɫ΢΢̾˿ЦŰ⣬ָǰǱСʦãһΣ
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͢Ȼ֮ˣ͸粻Ҳ˵ʦֺСʦøõþһ֪ڰʾģ̲סŹֵؿ磬磬ǣô˼

ΪԴӵܵҵ˭֪˼ࣿ
ɸֵضŵܵܣû뵽ȻСʦϲ˱͹ˣҪټһʦ֣ܵӶŲˣȻһΣжûУ
һԶˣ
ۣܵ


 19 

Ȼյ½Ժ㼫ΪȻǿЯģȻǸϲ࣬˯ʱҪ߲С
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ʱֻһЩ̶ߴģҲж轣ģĵġ
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 20 

ҹ˾ʱɪϴӽõĸ¥ֱȥ˴ɽɽڴվڿɣɵĽ籮ԱߣɫЩС
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СɽҲʳĶԸһµġ
뵽Ȼɿ˶θһۣʦϲģ
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̫ɰˣ


 21 

֪ԼղãȻǺ׼ʳģϾθҲȷйϵ
ŵĴӶǲԷʳģΪ̫棬֪͢żһؼģ壬ɣɸСҪͽһ£ʱЩԵ͹͢ǲ̫ܾ˵飬ǻµģӦûа취СһֻȦļ
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͢˵ԭίԺ󣬱㴫ŸСûһСڵؽҪļ͹ˡ
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Ѿ£Ȼ̬Ҳڶˡ
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Ȼԥһ˲͢ƺĺҪȼڴֽŵ񣬵ܡôúȡ
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û˵֮꣬ǰ·޷Щ־Ķθ边ȻЦһ£Ц͸żĿζûӦȥֱ㱻סˣɫˡ
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ô˵θȴЦøˣƳһۣ΢Ȼһ⧲رõϣͰ뿿ϷսһЦһƷ˿ζصСʦ룬ȻûʲôԵġ
Ȼоˡ
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СʦǡԴˣ
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Щʦôһһɧ
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գգۣɻûذɣ
ĵ׺Ȼ˲ԤС
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ѴᣳͣͷʦζһǺǡ
Ȼ
ҲǣûУ
ʦ֣㵹ҽͰ


 22 

Ȼջһֶûüͱ㱻֮˳ȥλϺҲһˣֻʣ֮Ͷθˡ
˶߹ˣθȥҲˣ漴е֮£ָһ衣
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𣬶θЦˣԱߵ£ԼҲһ裬ʦ˹ǰˡ
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⵭ӣθһǰʱҲ⸱飬·ҲԵ˹
֮ΪСʦǼȥκӵ顣
ʥʧٵϢȻһֱûй֮ڣ֪Ҳ֪òˣҲЩһֱڲ̽䣬Ҫ֮ǰҵı䳼ĵλ
ԴʧԺҲѰڤһһлڤӦĶڤ쳣йء
ڤʱҲСʦںӱߴţȻ֮Ѿ˷ϢĿڶ࣬⻹ǻ¶˻ɵСʦϡ
ԣֻǻСʦ֮ǰתƿǵע
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ڵÿһȫ֮ƿ֮УֲɫȴֳǸ˱˸о¡
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˿䣬סŲŵʦ֡ǲǣ
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˸׵͢ж̬Ķθ裬ӦöΪΪϲǲŻɣ
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ѴǰסСɽϣǱͲǺ׽ҪʵľȻġ
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֮һۣСʲôƣ
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ô˵ˣȻ㼸ھͽƱľƺȵˣĺܺúȣǹ֭Ƶģڴһȡ
Сܾ̫֮ˣְһ䣬ٳЩˡ
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Ҫ˯ŵʱ֮Ҳ˵ļţ֮һȻȻ
֪ǲǺ˾ƣоЩ̣ӦҲЩƬ̣תͷʦ֣
֮ţֳͷ忡µܽԽٶ÷ǳü续ֱͦɫŨȴʮֺÿˣɿЩˡ
֮ĿϣҪؼһˣܿͻ˺ú֪𣿡
ȻȴͳһԶģģ֪ڸ˵ص˵ͷŵ滨ζ̲סյøЩ
֮ɫؿûж
Ȼ滨ζһ·ĻһڣȴСĻļǵͷȴֻһ䣺𡭡
ָ֮ڵסյ㷢𽥱
Ȼȴ˿Σգ˯Ũ˸Ʊ۾ֻǺȻоƺʲô֮Ƶġ


 23 

Ȼһ˯˵ڶ
ʱԼĴ, ߻ʦţԺϡʦиҪ, ʵ̫Ժ˯, һĻûܸ˵
ʦϳܿĻ⣬СɽļԨؾĿ̸, ʱǶú
ȻЩϲ, ʼ޷꽣أȥ˼ԨؾĻӦþͿʱҲõע֮Ľˡ
ԨؾһִļΪʵĻþþ֧ŵ, һһľﶼ޷ʹ꽣ʱҪΪԵʡ
, ȥؾһʱĻʦǵҥӦҲͻᵭˣʱҲͲЩˡ
ʦִҲ֪ܾ飬ȥԨ֮Ҫõ鵤Ʒ׼ˡ
ʦδ, ɣҲ, ȥԨؾֻ֪ڵĳһ, ǻΪǺȻʧˡ
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Ȼȥ¥¥, Ϊ¥볯¶ΪҲ̽һ¶θ豻Ϯĺ
ҵ¥ϵʱ, ڵԼԼ, ΪͶθ飬ʱ黹м΢ƺΪҶθ, ڣֱӵˣθѾϺ˽ӻȥˡ
ȻЩ죬ʦƺûʲôҪ˰ɣ
תһ룬뵽֮һãЩʦǲĽһ٣⻰Ҳȥʳϣ㰴ʣԼ⡣
˵ҪȥԨؾ飬¥ϵͰˣŶԣֲȶθʱ˵ܳٸһ֣˲źá
¥𱸶θҲڶθӵ۰ϲ
Ȼ˳ʵ֪ϿɲϮʦֵŮ˭
¥Ͼ̾˿ƺڶθͷ۵ӣֱûа취
Ȼ˵֪꣬ȻǶθԼվֹ˳ȥ׷飬׿ڳŮǰʶŮΪ˦ԺвʲģóϲҪ˵Щȥ
θԷһծҲв٣ȻûģοŮӵټҲѰˡ
Ȼȴһ˵ѵֱŮӲҪҪʶ֪Щʲô
Ƕθ˽£Ҳùʡ
¥Ժ󣬳Ȼ˳¶ڼԨؾһ£㽫ҪõĶװ˰ŰԨؾȥˡ
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֪͢Сʦȥ˼ԨؾչѾԺˣΪʦ뿪ԺСʦþͻϿˣȥôϵĿγ̣һҲûСʦá
ϢȴͨСʦñչصĵվ֪ˣǲԸܵѹţһҪСʦãֻýϢ
͢ˣƬ̣ЩеʣССʦúʱ
һۣ¥ĳ˵ƺһ°ɣ
͢ںˮһͷֻСƵģʧɥˡ
ọ̀СʱûβѣԱʮҪʲô취Ҳµܱ̫ܵãҲ̫۾
Լԣݻõܵһֱ޷ɳ޷ܵܵ¶ѹ飬һӾǣڣܾܵһֱҲûϵ
ţܴܵµԴ΢̾ʦҲЩ飬ȥԨؾҼĿ
˵̧꣬͢ݵ۾˼֣ˡ
С͢ҿȥֻСʦȥǶģôϲ㣬ȥУֻװͨС꣬ݣ𣿡
ֻ͢Ҫʱʱ̿Сʦ߾͹ˣҪԲûʲôӰ죬ģΪҲԸСʦ֪˹ȥˣᷢϲԶ
ԣ˵ͷ
ԹԵصͷҲָɣЩͷۣҲŷСʦö֪͢ʲôʱѾҪƲֺһӡ
ǰ֪͢ϲȥ¶ȴֻΪǳ羴ʦ֣Ҳʦֶû뵽ŵľȻ˼ҵıʦá
ܵҲ̫ˣҲſʼ͢ѾʼԼܣֻʲô˵Сˡ
˵ܵһۣ˿ɵıˣöֻҪ㲻Сʦǰʹᷢ㲻ͨС꣬ԼСı¶ڣ֪𣿡
͢ŵ˵ͷȴֺȻ£
Ķܲ˼ɫɺˣҲȥҪȥԼȥ
͢Ϳ˵ֹЩ̬
䵭ɫҲɻЩֻܰ㵽С͢ϾϲСʦ顣
͢һ˼صͷ
Цˣͷ߰ɣȥ
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ԨؾҪѵսĻþ֮ʣкܶϹŵ׶޳ûôҲûϵ˻þԺҲ
Ȼ˼ԨؾԺһƬסˣ߻һܼȴ¸ɾéݣδ̱ǰĻƿȫɾģϻһյҹĵյ²ʦ֮ǰΪϸĵزúһС
ǵʮϸȫġ
ȻѾˣԨ֮ʮְл֮ʵĻԭɳĮҲⰻȻɭ֣зɾĻ
Ȼѡ˾סʦָ׼ĴԱߣˮȵģƣʱˮǻƵĸߴɭ֣éԱߵ·Ͽͷ޵Ļ䡣
Ȳ̫ΣգҲ̫ȫ⼸죬޴ЩС޻Ǵ´ġ
Ҳûоʹڴ߲ҲгȥѰ޶սͨʵޱȵĶսϰĽ˵ΣĴ̼ܱ֮Ǳ꽣ӳ
ڵ죬ɭսһֻޣȻżߵĿﴫѪζƺʲôڿ
㳯Ǹ˹ȥ˳ֽһֻ޾ͻشߴ
ֻǣǱߵʱ򣬿ȴһֻѩβɵƯСڱӣ׷ȴǱʹ˰ٱֹĴͻޡ
ȻҲ֪Ԩ֮֮ҲЩĻȴû뵽ܿƯɰС꣬͢ԭΣ͢ԭڱȽ˧ߴͣôССһſɿɰġ
ŻСҲÿɰ
Ȼһ۾ϲòУȲҪ˳˳ëûĺشֱӴһʦֽĶϻƳȥȻֵֻڱʱ˲仯Ϊ촷ۣܵľҲ¡¡һƬ
˺СһŵС͢ɱһ£Щ¡
Сʦáʲôʱôˣ
ʦֵ׽Щʲô
һסʱѾǰǴδйϲᣬҪëסˣһѾòˣСʦúÿ죬ҪܲˣԴˡ
ȻСһţƺӣָ˳˳ëԴЦ£Ҳ˺ģҿǲˣ
͢ûӦѾڻܸܵСʦĵůĻҲһЩԵζɽ峿ŵĻᵭˡ
彩ţһҲҶ»᲻СðСʦ֪Ļ˵ġ
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ˣûˡȻë޵ԴЦ˵
͢ĶҪѪɬ˷ܵ룬СʦùȻŮһϲͨСģϧԭ̫ˣ֪СʦõʱǲǺʧ
ܿʹһƬհˣСʦǲǡ̫̫Щ
ȻȻ֪С껹ôḻһ˫ںˮ۾ɰˣ棬ɾʣžĶˡ
ֵؽһ飬ɾĺëĺ֮ŽԴ߰ɣ´αٱ׽סˡ
ȻСԺ󣬱شˣĻþȻʵʵһǼٵģû׼СȥϾҲٵģҲȥ
͢䶼Ѿ͸ˣ֪ǺʱȴСʦ÷Ƭ̣ͿСʦøЦŵ˱ȴŷˡ
ɼˣŶ˹ȥĽŲ
ȻЩȣҲûᣬֻһͻԼ߿ˡ
ֱص˴ԱߵéݣȻҲôܹԵһ·˹ʶˡ
ȻûᷳԣɰˣˣôͰ͵ȻҲٽŻɭȥֻ顣
͢ڱéԺ󣬿ʼΪסСѣ˿õıСʦøˡ
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ڽȻҪڴΪ֮꽣׼żҲȥɱֻ޶һʵս
С鵹ؾӲô¼ţǺܹɵģȴҲЩˣڴͶԱ˯ȥɭɱޣͶڲԶΧۡ
֮ȥĶĶ
ȻҲûãЩЦ֪ǲǽͬ˲
ôʮ죬ȻΪѾ˲٣׼꽣ˣȴҲʱһ⣬ƺѾûп޹ˡ
תһ룬ЩҲɱٸޣ˵ܵѾɱòˣûжˡ
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͢ЩʮֿģҪԶҪȥˣһֻͨС꣬Сʦû粽룬ضЦĶ䣬Ὣڻ˵
һֱõ˲á
֪Сʦ࣬꽣ƿʼ޷磬ʹ꽣ʱǱ˵̫ˣÿˮʪѣžͺۡ
ԣ϶˯齱ߣҹǱ͵͵˺ԵܰȻ˯
ؾҹ¶Ⱥܵͣʱش͵ĺԭΣβͽȦ˯ůЩ
Сʦò֪ЩҲܿģֻҪúãˡ
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Ȼз˯رʱҲرãΪԼԵʣؾȷǸĺõطǳ㣬ʮĹ͵ֵͷµˡ
ֻǣȻҲǲ֧ɵطӳ꽣ʦǺжģӦòò˵Ľ
ԣһʲôҲʹ꽣
Ȼڴʱڤ˼ãȴûͷϰʱԼ
Ϊ˱С꣬éһ磬ɵ˴Ϸͱϣڿ˷󣬱о󷨵ҲԴԴϵš
̧ͷգƽۼڱգ׵ĹâҲ˲ԶգɭϷʼϸꡣ
¡¡ͷը
׵֮ǿʱ򣬳Ȼ߶꽣һʽ֮㽥½֮Ͼۼԭӯ½ҲʼóأҪקµµĴ档
ȻҧţѾ½ӳȥӳֻǻ衣
ĳ̶ȣǶԵУ׾ͻ򷢻ӳٶ۶·硣
Ȼڻ½ʱͷɿ˼ŵ׸ô죬ʱĹȥҲԽԽ󣬼վˡ
ʱһ֮½֮ϣȻҲ֧Ųס޴õ˴
ͨһˮ漴ܵˮ̺ʯ֮䣬ȴʦѧһŶĽ
ʹ꽣ͬʱҲʹŽô㲻ڻˡ
ֻŽҪߵעһǲõģܿ߻ħҡ
ƺҲûбİ취ˡ
뵽۾ĸܿȡ漴˽Щȡ˹оһسӯ½Ҳ𽥻ָӯ
ʱˮ׷ˮĽ½оӯ̲סҪй㳯ɭֵķþȫӳһ

͢ڿСʦõʱһľҪȥˣ˽磬ǿг忪ˣ֪ͨСˡ
һƭİɣ
͢òУȴֲܹȥԥʱȴȻСʦôˮ˳һû㿴ɭֵķӳһ
ţǿĿɲ֮Ƭɭ֣Ƭ̺󣬵Ҳѿϸ죬ɭȴգ֮ѾΪƽأ
͢żǱʧɭ֣úðλز
ԭҥСʦը˶ʦֵĽɽҥô
Сʦõƻһǿ
ΪҪ˱Сʦ񷴶ܱӣ
͢һʱ𾪵Щˡ
л㱵ʱ򣬳ȻѾ߹ˣ˽磬СΪŻˣ㽫˳˳ëԴڿĵص֪ʦֿĻ̶ֳ᲻⣬Ѿˡ
͢鸴ӣٶһֱǿɣģСʦö̶ʱĽȴˣƺȲģȻʦֲ⣬ʦڽСʦóʲôֵֹķ
ɽһʦֶʦõҪҲȽϸ߶ѣ
ǼСʦõĽܸܹǿֻСʦһֲҪʧкͿֻŸС
СʦһϲҪ˰ɣ
͢ĥţСʦöŬҲˣҪСʦõĳ̶Ȳаɡ
ţСʦһѡģϾɲرʦ֣Ҳ˳ëͷ
ֻܵõСʦĴ
ôŵʱȴȻСʦͷЦԹԴȥϴһϴһι鵤
ȻȻСֻؾĻѣؾʵӦҲǻмеģὫԼ鵤ҲָһЩ
ƺҲܰԣÿ鵤ʱ򣬱˹ſϥϣƺ̬ܿǳɰ
֪͢ʵԼҲд鵤ģ֮Ի鵤ֻǿϲͶιСĸоÿ¶ҪԵıʱƺͻܿĵĶ䣬鵤ι
СʦҲܿɰ
͢СʦõŽعȴΪû˵ʲôƺʲôתȥˣʶظһȥˡ
ͷķѾͣˣȻ֮ǰһĺ꣬ȵˮһݣҲûһƣС
µȹڸɾʯͷϣ漴⿪´£̤ˮ
͢ڸʱΪҪһû뵽ȷȥ˴ԱߣȴҪǴϴ裬⿪´ԺСƳļʱ͵طӦƬ̣û͸Ͻһٶȳԭء
ֱصéߵĺʱһĻƵķţѪҺƺˣⶼøѪƵģ뵽ſһĻСʦõô񻣬𪣬˼ƿߣţȻоһ˳ű˳
̧צһĨȴĨһצӵѪ
ΪʲôѪ
ˡ


 24 

ڡ
ɪ˫ֽڵ, ̧ͷֱӽ֮λֻۣǹĽ£ܸоһļµѹȸкɷ֮
ͨʹ߽ӶθǶ鵽ļ, 漴ȥز̽ڷɾǷ˽顣
, ɾɢĮ²ϵģ֪ȴǿ, Ͷҿ̫, һʱ޷ȷɾǲ顣
û˰취ֻûʾۡ
ɪЩð׵ɾĪ⣬ּΪĮ, ôƶȻ
˺ðΣλ֮ϲŴ۵ͳǵһͽܡ
ɪ۵Ļ˼, ɾͽвֻǡ˼ͽţܣ޷ץסǷŮ, 츳, ȥ͵Ϯθʱһ, οͿɣɵǼλӹϵܺ, ¡ʵҲֵĻᡣ
£㱻һɼǿ˼, Եڵ, Ƭ̺͸оǹ࣬۵ɫȴҿֻǿ֧, һ֮
ʱǰһ˫īɫĽѥнߣɫҲӳɫԵмֹܵĻʣ
ס˺ͷʲôᣬҪкã
ɪһĶʱǰЩ˱ʹ³ؾ̧ͷȴ˫˲漴ͷ۾ٸһλᣬһһʧˡ
ҲǧΪŮˣȻ򲻹ķͽܣЦҪһʮСж
ɪ֪ɾоԹŭת˷ӹһ٣㸽͵ǵ۾֣Ȼһʧģ˵ɾͽؾУֻǽɾµģʵơ
ЦҪܲ¶Ľ磡
ɪݸоȴЩԵ⣬ȻѾͷٶ࣬ҲȻӲ۵ģһǻ˵ġ
һʲôʸܶռɾĶ裿
䣡
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Ԩؾ֮ڣԲ֮ҹȻѾܽý꽣ˣȻýҲֻһʱĶѣΪĵزԿԼʹ꽣ˡ
ڴһ죬ʱѾ۵˯ˣʱ˯úܳҲʡ
ˮ¹͸ľڴϣСſڴͷСצӵԴŴѾ˯˵Ů¹Ũ˳Ľë̵ͦıĴ꣬ÿһƯɰ˳Բѡ
͢˺ܾãֱ˯Ϯ̧צӴ˸ССĹǷ۾ҲЩˣҪſһʱȴȻ̧ͷſڵķر
Ʈ˼ΪŨؾֵ
ʲôˣ
̧ͷһۻ˯ŵŮشӴ˳ȥͷĵϵһ˲Ͳ͵ر˰ٱָͣҲ֮Щĸ
һ˳ȥܵɭѭǹոԨؾ۴˸档
ԷϵɷëҪըˣצڵϻ˼ץۣ۾ʾ˻˼Ƶײԡ
ԭͱεҪߴö࣬һ׾ż۶ĵýСͷǰȴڿʲôСƵģ͸ż볰ֱӷƹéݵķȥ
ͬʱ͢Ҳһצץȥĺצںҹ˸ź⣬ȴͷҲûأֻһ䡣
ұɱ壡
͢۵Ļʱûܿ㱻ȳһ̺żǿĿȵ÷˳ȥƬ֮Ѿȳ˼Ԩؾص뼫ԨؾкԶľһƬѪӿŤͷ˿Ѫվȥ˹ȴջָ֧Ųסص£˹ȥ
ؾڵȴ°̧éݵķȥˡ
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˴½ŵʱȴȻܵһɼǿѹУ֮ƮɢڱǶ˵ȴǼŨϢ
ȻѾҪſˡ
ս½̧ͷʱȴһߵĺӰȥ¹⣬ɫճڰһżΪͿҲ󣬶ʮҵӣɫ԰ףòƵģ۵Ҳ͸һĸоһ⡣
ȻٿȻ½γʣֱָſڵĺӰʣ˭
۴Ӱ˳̤éڣСӶʱΪĴڶñǰСŮ¡
ȻٳûгȫΪ˵ΪȻԶԶ֮ϣóȻֿܻΣգ˵֡Ҳƺ
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ûлشĻûзϾѾ㹻ˡ
Ȼ˹뷨ûҪɱ˼֣ǾͲһˣɲʲôĴƵĺˡ
Ļ˼˼ԿƵòЦݣʣ֪۾ҹˣкҪ£
ۿŮƯ鶯üۣ΢΢̧ķϻ̫ˡ
ֿҪĶͷʱȻʶԷܣʶˣƳһۣŻ۾ҲܵģͲطҵ˰ɣ
Ӱ㿴
Ȼֽŵ۾ĹĪ⣬ҾҲܲ˰Բԣ
˳ۿҲ˳˼ֻ֣ǽ̵ͽܾ̰֮ͽ
ȻûֻǿЦš
۱û˸ϻģתϣˣʲôСȥι
ȻǵûĻҲֻĥôħͷӵ
ʦǸʦгѰܿвʦġ
Ҫ۲ţĺʦѹûϣǰգһ۾ġ
͸ԭĴŮΪ˱ȫʦǰɱˣʦûаǿľģҲǿյģ˵Լںء
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Ȼһ·˼Ԩؾʱҹ󲿷ֵӳ϶Ѿ˯ˣɣɰֻɳɳķֻܼϣڿѲߵĵˡ
ȴ˿ȵĻҲؾԺ󣬱ץסĸ첲سɴķоľѸٵˣ϶۵ģɣȴԷһٶԶȥˡ
Լаյʱ䣬۱㽫ĵ̣ӿʱ򣬱㿴ɽضص֮סƱɽɽƱɽطסҲеǿߡ
ƱɽҪӳͼǲˡ
ԣҪƶ˵ʱȻס˶ӣ¶˺ܵı顣
۶һ٣Ƴһۣü𾯸㡪
˵꣬Ȼǲ˼صҡ̧ͷֿԲҽˮ̫ˡ
üͷø¹£ɫΪ԰ף͸Ƶġ
ΪȻΪûϵġͷİױɽ۾ĹҪҿȥ١
˵꣬۱޿̵קסĸ첲˰ױɽɽŴָɽ·Եӣ͵һ㡣
ȻЦ£Цˣлл۾
ƿߣת˾鷳
ȻıӰ㳯ȥˣߵһƬݴתͷһۣۻǱģѾ˰ױɽ̫ľıˡ
Ȼ͵͵ʩչ˻һʯͷģԼһһ۵ķ͵͵ˡ
֪Ļ̫ãһԶЩ˷ɽԶ񱼵ٶ
۵ٶȴʵ̫ˣɽʱ㱻һָֻץסˣ㿩һ£Ȼͷȥ㱻ק˵ϣ漴㱻۸һѰϣˣǷ·ʱŤĲӡ
ƭ𣿡ս
ȻԥǽƱ絽׻Ǹɴϴһָãλ۵ʵĥ͸Ҫڣ°ȴȻ۵ָ̧Ҳ˫ˡ
Ŀⶨؿ֪ڴЩʲô⡣
򴽣ȻۼƴһʱȴȻ۳֮ǰûע⣬㳤õǼһˡ
Ȼһ̽ʣ۾˵˭˵ʶأ
ͬһǸˡ۾ȻĿϻشֻȻ͸ųǱķŮӣѾһǧˣʶ
ȻԶԵĺ䳰ֻǾ֣ؼǵãκӵ׵ʱɻҲᵽ֡
ɻ롭ۿеͬһ
ԡֶܴǷˡ
ЩҲҪģһļֻ漴գգۣʵ۾֪һС𣿡
֣۵رˣ°͵ָҲսˣʣʶ壿
ķӦʶӦͬһˡ
ȻѾ㰵ضʩչǼѿƱ˵ģڶԷʩչҲгɹĿԵġ
ƾ֪ϢԺﹴú˶ȴҲЩض˵Щûûεġ
Ȼţѧܻе̬ۣԭŮʱתΪ˼ּ˵ķϣ۾ʣ۾Ҳϵô
˫ɾַ·Ҫȥ˺ܾãһʱסˣҲˡ
ȻƺѾ䣬̽ԵؽһûзӦ
˿ֹ֪Ч̫ãץʱ𣬵ոշоһƷϮ۵һЦ
ͲûôʱˣͲܵԶ𣿣
æ㿪ϮȴǱ÷Զˣ׹ƱɽһƬ¹ҲڵˣǰһƬڣʱʦָȴɢ͵Ĺâ
ס˺±Ѱټ
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ױɽ۱һСƭŭգҪ׷ȥǰȴȻһ޳İӰסȥ·
׷ˡ˵
ضƬ̣˸ֱ֮һƴ˹ȥ˲㲻ܵһƣһǱѪȾˡ
Ҫ汾𣿡
ϥ񣬴׵ңֻǸɱɾضưոݣף˴αͬһƤСƽϣ
۳ĬƬ̣㵹ǻΪ˵ȥɣʲôģ
֪Ʊ˵ˣֵɾǻҪЮӣץСʦҲãöڿɣɰز̽ŴڼɾҲûˡ
۶ðΣųϣĹֻµʱ䣬Ҫô飬Ҫôɱŭ
ͷź˳ӣȴսˡ
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ȻѾ˽ʱȻû߳Ƭڰ֣ҲƬֵ̫ˣ˲٣֪ǲжڽţ·һЪһġ
ѹĵ̣ȴһֻﶼȻƬֵйŹ֡
ԽԽأȻҲ߲ˣֻȿ־Ҳ𽥱Իˣڻ˯ʱһ֣ҲƺºƵıܿˣĿҲһЩ
źǸ꣬Ʈݣò续ü͸һʣ۽ǻһ룬˴ǣЦСʦã
ȻǾϲɫ˼ֳɣʦ֣
ҡ
һҩιжʱˡ
ȻȴûſڣֻؿĴʣʦΪʲô
ǿЦˣı𱸵Һľ㣬㻹ң
ֱӵǣȻҲЩΣǿ·һҪŪƵġ
磬Ҳģţֽŵ˵ϢΪУҸ֪Ϣ˵Ѿ̻ˡ
Ȼ˻ЦЦһůƣʶ˵Ӧ滰Сʦ֣ҩҰɣлл㡣
ҩιĿУ漴ᣬ˿
ȻҿԼߡ
ƳһۣƬ߲ȥģҲֻҴ߳ȥ˵ţ£Ҳûߣô
Ȼ㲻ټˣҲ԰ˣ֮ǰĻ̲סʣʦ֡ʲô
ɵ
˵Ժ͸о彩˽ͷɫʣСʦøòҰɣ
ȻĿߡʲôµģʦֻ֣̫˶ѡ
˼صͷȻĵʣҲ£
ȻųʦֳôÿҲӣ˭֪ȴȻһ޴ߣӴս²¡
ȻǰߣоǱĸоīɫƬƤˣؿţŵû˷Ӧ
ӦûУΪ治£ֱ˫ֽסǰߣһȴȻ˺صŲһ١
ͷһŮĻ۾ɫף궼ˣȻǱŵòᣬ˶֧˹ȥ
ɿЦõ̾˿ż⽫ֽסſһۣҸϷŪȻߣ
Сʦÿͷۣ


 25 

ڽͬдʱӦܵܳµ, ͱɫسɴȥת˲ѾʧڽŵĴ, ãȻ, ʦôŴžˣ
Ϣ׷ټΪ֣οѪֵ, ˴֮͸Ӧǿҡ
ûһ·ҵ͢, Ǻ̬ѩ׵һ£ѩĺëȾѪƬ紵ĿҶë޵ĸ
ڿʱ, ͫ͵£żͬʱһɾҵŭؿڷڡ
ŬԼȲ鿴͢, ΢΢˿˵òأҲˣǵѪ, ̾ͽ˸һͱ
, ѹͷŭ, ͢ϵҶһƬƬ, 漴ĸΪ, ĺƽ, ջ֡
͢ҲѹָΣʱ, һãתͷ˿ܵľҹţ¹ּ䡣
С͢ˣЩУ㲻ؾСʦأôˣ˭㣿Сʦأ
Сʦã͢Ȼһ漴ɫˣһץס˸ĸ첲صС˴ˡؾ
*
ŵܵһصؾʱȴСʦѾˡ
͢³˽Сʦôߵ˵ݣ͢ͻСֵС˶˺¶Щ¶̫ȻҲۡ
һȴԶɽϹ۹ܣʵȴǸģɣ˴ôలµعǧꡣ
鱩Űϲŭµԩʤ뵽ܾܵȻȥ̲סЩ£Ҳķ粨û֡
ˣҧܱܵǼŻһίûܹ۾ȻҶ֣ۣҲʲؿڵŭ𷴶Խڵ
ɽȥСʦô˵ϣ·ֹ͢Ƶģת˲Ѿʧԭء
ֻ͢һ˲æʩչ׷˹ȥ
˽һҲ˽飬ƽʱŸȣʵΪ嶯ŭҲѡˣһʧԣ۵İױɽȥСʦûԼ
*
͢׷ϲģȴܸ֪ܵںͷ׷ţȻҲȥֻڿɣɵɽǰͣˡ
ЩŭС͢ȥ
䵭ŭ飬͢һںˮ򴽣û
һⰲЩͰ͵ӾˣĵҲ˼ΣģƬ̣С͢ȥСʦá
͢ȴֻ֪֮һѣԭҪȥ۱һֱǽܵܵİΣñʲôҪģȻ޷
Ѫ񡣡͢ٺһֵҸСʦá
֮ǰ̫żˣһʱѪôҪĶˡ
żôһ£СʦκôҲѰ͢»ٴηƵ飬㽫ܹ׷ѰټѪ
öѪ͢Ѫģ͢ȻԸ֪СʦĶ
㰴ȥ˵ĳ嶯ȻҵСʦøΪҪԺҲ١
͢ʩ߶Ѫ۸֪λԺʣСʦģ
͢ʱͶ˼Ի󣬵СʦáɣɵġͿ쵽ˡ
۽˲ܽŶԡ
üӦСʦԼӳ߱˾ˣǱڴ˵һȡ
͢ͷ۾Զмֽǣ˱
*
֪۵粻һһ⣬·϶ûе飬ųȻֱ˿ɣɡ
ʱȻǺڵģ˶ûСʦͻȥҲԱⱻʵ鷳
û뵽յ˿ɣɵſھͱˣ΢üͷվɽǰ¼ֵĿ䵭䱸϶£漴ȻЦſ˿ڣλʦСʦã
Цȴ̾ŹˣҲ֪Ҫ˵ġ
ͽȻ鷳
Сʦã͢˳ƺԲѵİȹŮǰһʣôˣ
ͬǶͣЦСʦްֻ˯˶ѡ
ᲽҪߣһδʵĳǰ̧ͷͶ
絶ʦ֣СʦΪ
ԣ͢ĿҲ˼ɻ
ע⵽ǶԼĻɣһۺǰĳЦݵ˼֣ЩˣСʦõģΪǶҲء
Ц޳ס˽ʣʦʵ棬Ǳˡˡ
Цݽʧˣ㲻ҵĻСʦһʱ֪
װͿৡһ°γ˳ֱָ棬ҹ紵½ǣɢɱ
ڿɣɱֻһֻСѣȴصͽܣɣɵĳҲϵʦʦҲ޲á
һֱȴְ紦õֻһС
ɣֻûʲô֤ݣ񿴵۽ߵСʦôǱġ
ȽСʦ÷£漴һ͢
֪ѲҪĻֻӲףɣװ޹Ҳˡ
͢˸˼ǰȥСʦСشӳ˹ȴע⵽ɫ԰ףˣѵô
ţһëһѩɫĺý̧֮ͷѾҪˡ
ųʣץСʦõкı
һҹ紵ͷһǣ֮ǰۣܵ΢΢üʦ˵ʲôҲס
ãͱһӵĻβһ˹ȥôұһ̳ʦôף
̾˿ϷѸٵˣĽ⵽ǰʱһָܿס˽Ͽҵؿʦܣᡣ
˫ůϣƬ̣ת˸ֱָļʲôᣡ
ΪС͢ƭ
⣡
ǳһξȻˣôܵվǶĽļƽҲƽģֻǴǵЦ΢΢ɬͺǱȴ޴ӱɴ˵ӡ
Ƭ̣ĽѾʶת˷򣬱ܿ壬ü˼ֹŹֵĸоΪβ㣿
Цóͺ񷽲ŵһжϣЦȻֺҪ㣿ʦңǴҲ㣬ҡ
סﻹŽȴ˼ֳɣǲŪˣ
Ǳߵˣô̹οߵȻҲƵ鱩Űȴ˿⣬Ȼƽ͵ġ
ƺЩΪ˶á
㽫£һƪҹʱȴȻŮмɻʲô
תͿ֪ʱСʦѾˣվ͢ߣߣĪ·Ǿ۸ˡ
ɷ˽ҪͣȴֺȻ˿ڣЩ꣬û⣬ɲ۸
˭֪ʱȴһЦСʦãҺʦд书Ҳûף
Īһ֮ǰԼС֮ĶȾ֮ĸоһ۳´ʦ֣Ǹ
ֻЦЦʾ⣬ߵ˳ȻǰͷȻСʦû£ұȻȥˡ
Ȼ֮ǰĻ棬ס˲ûж㿪֣лʦ־֮
ʵϣȴҲƵģʱÿ̳һ֮˵ĶԻȻǸ֮ǰһԳ˻ɡ
ֻǣȻȥ˴룬ȴҲǾóֵʱ̫ɺˣʼղ¶һ˿ʵ޷ٶ֮ġ
ֻǿų΢Ц˲ԾؾʮȻʣµǵҲòˣʦֳÿЦһ㿪ʺƣôҲһӵİɣ
Ȼ֪Ϊʲô磬ǲǷ˸ȥĵطͷЦŵԺԼСһ㣬ǵطԶЩ
۵׵ĹҲжůġ
Ȼ˵ͷ
תͷһ¼ֵתͷӦûлҪ˵ұˡ
ȳԺߵԣͷʣСʦãûɣ
͢Ҳĵؿ
û£ֻǡȻĿתתʣʦ֪ұ°ߵģ
ԣ͢£֪뵽ʲôغˡ
ȻоЩ֣ûʣѾס͢Ŀ⣬һָĹ񣬵СʦãͨöѪ֪Σգȥؾʱ㷢é۵ϢۣϢġ
ȻͷĹЩǲ嵱͢˵ʱĹЧûһ㣬ʱͷ˼Сʦãؾﲻȫһȥʰס
*
ȻĽ飬˵֮ǰץΪʦôԺץֻԼҪɱйߣ۵ƢǺܱŰӡ
һؾҲȷᰲȫˣͬ¼ֵһȥؾ
˴ͷƬĵʱıЩŹ֣ǵǰһƬɭţ
͢ʲôʲôҲûͣҪǱСʦĻ¶ˡ
˴ߵéԺ͢վͷʰ
ûƬ̣éͷȴСʦɻСꣿ𣿡
ʱͬ͢ʱסˣ͵ػһۣô¸ˣ
͢ͷÿ켫ˣЩЩڴСʦ÷֣ɿյüͷʣ硭ô죿
СʦôϲС꣬Ҫ뿪֮ǰһʧġ
˵ܵǲǳ˶뿪
ô죿
͢ԽԽģֲܱȥ
ŵܵܵĵòеӣ̾һͷ˿˿һֻ֮͢ǰһģһѩСڵϡ
ʹõǺë߼ĻûΪ͵ǾʶƵġ
С걧С껹ء໡תͷ͢ڲ˰ɣ
͢ͷ¶һָмЦݡ
Ƴһۣʲô鶼ÿҲ֪Ժ͢չСʦûСʦչֻ󲻳
ƺǡչһ
ޱţһ汧С߽éݣʱȻѾ˺ĽҪ˱ſˡ
ȻϲѵؽС˹ȥҲǵ֮ǰé˯ʱĺУǲѾ۸ɱˣȻʵﲻڵģϣڻþŵʸ񶼱ˡ
ؽС걧ڻǵĶ䣬һһµ˳ëС˲䣬˺˯ˡ
뵽СģıЩڣСʦøСʱȻʶһ⡭
Сʦ֮ǰСױ
ȻûŮӲϲԼС
涼׽ؾֻ͢Сʦõʱദģ
͸ɻͷһۻվڴ߲ĵܵܣѹϽ֪ᷢ״Բ˼
Щ΢飬һۻС갮ֵСʦãֻȥʰĽס顢ѵȶ
ֻǣʰЩϰԵܵܵСʦõʱȴȻӱﶶһѩ׵ë
Ȼˣᣬɫ΢䣬ʱСʦõĽŲæë߬ת
ôһضȻЩ֣ôˣ
ûʲôЩŲҴңȥ㣬㲻ü
ȻؿıӰôֵֹġ
*
éԺ͢͢ʱһѽ˴İߣȷСʦòŵСʦ÷ʲôˣ
͢һʻҲ֪뵽ʲô˵ֻǶ䡢Ӷˣ
ȴķӦɫɳˣܴɳʣСʦ֪𣿡
͢һ˼ں峺֪֪ʲô
һãȻ飬뵽ŵķ֣ɫˣ㻹ң㿴ʲô
̯
͢ˣһëǡãˣģ
ʲô
ʻһ᲻ģ˵ǲ˯Сʦõˣ
͢ˡ
˵ֵѣҶżӶϢ
͢˵ͷˣɫȴ·ⲻһС¡
Ķͳȥˣɫ֣صʣСʦá֪𣿡
͢ҡҡͷؾҹ䣬͵͵شβСʦøůģȻǲ֪ġ
ûԼʲôҡͷԺ翴ȴˣ·𲻿ôִ᷸ƵģﲻɻˣѵǺ
ŵܵȻһãȻ޹ӣɾúܶԲСʦãܵʲôһʱ嶯˴£뵽ģܵôСҲǸ˰ôСʦöһң
üŸôΪ鸺Сʦ֪ʵ᲻ܲˣ
ҪǡɫˣСʦҪл˺걦ô죿
˼ң𵴵ʱ򣬺Ȼ͢ԥԥãȻ𣺡ֻǡβ͸ССʦůһůѣСʲô⣿
Ƭ̣ӦȻθߣ
͢ãЩΪұ仯е޴룺ҡҴ𣿡
ܴ󣬶ŵܵܵɾ۾˺ܾãų˿鸴ӵصû
˼̫ˣôܽܵô
ѹʲôҲ


 26 

ӼԨؾԺ, ɫѾ΢ˣ㽫Сʦͻس¶úϢ۵ϢԺ
ȻڸճؾԺͺȻס˽Ų, 谵ҹһֻɢŰɫâСֽѸٷɹ
̾ʦ͹ġ
䲻ڿɣ, Ԩؾһִģ۴ܺ޲, ûϣȥ, ͽܣҲûһ˿
ԣֻһֻֽ׹һҲ⡣
չֽ, дʲôԺ΢΢¡
ɫʣôˣ
Ȼֽ, תͷǣʦһ¶
Щȣɾˣ
͢ǵĶԻĬĬ򴽣ʧȻ, ɾ, ͿñСʦõɾˡ
Ȼͷ, ͬ¼ֵܵ˱ǻȥúϢ, Լһȥˡ
͢վԭأıӰ, ֱıӰҹɫʧ
ļ, ̾˿ˣˣСʦ
͢ءšһ, мӣΪʲôҪؾСʦã
ܵۻٴζСʦ֡
*
ʦֵİЧʺܸߣ¶ըԺ󣬾ͻʮĹѾֽһĹ֮ǰĻҪÿԭȵڵİҲһһָˡ
Ȼһ̤˽׷̨ףߵſڣȴȻнŲת㿴¶ſ߽һˡ
΢⿴˵ӣȻ
ΪʦӦö˶˵ڵڵģû뵽ջʮ֡ˡ
һȾ˺ܶѪڽѩϿһѹѪȴĮģ˪ѩһ㣬ɫףƽ͸һֲʳ˼̻ľо
Ȼ̨ףߵǰϵѪ̧ͷʣʦˣ
ôѪŶΣȻЩ죬ʲô
Ѿ˶Ľʮ꿪ʼͬһסСɽϣʦͽҲǲĥġ
ʦĹɲ⣬ֵȻϵ˭˵
˳
Ǵģû¡
ƹ̧̨ףƺżδɢĹ𻨸ζ
ߵſʱŲ£¶ЩһˣȴʲôҲʣ̧˽ȥ
ȻƬ̣ԼǲŴˣҲû뵽ڻܵ׼ЩѪǲģϾԼˣӦҲ¶ܵı
תȥ
߽ڣͿȾѪ£ͷŵѩһףǵ͸Ѫɫ޵ѪУݣӰͦɣʳڡ
ԥ£æͷܻԼ֮ǰϲһ󲿷ԭù鹦ò֪ǲ˾Ӱ죬ÿһϵġ
ûлָļ䣬˵ˡ
Ȼ̧ͷҪ˳ȥȴȻǵ𻨸Բˡ
ѵõһ˿ܵϧ
Ȼע⵽ȻһֽŵĹ𻨸½ȡʱͷĹ𻨸Ѿˡ
ǽۺ͹𻨸һӵ漴ʩ˸ΪԼһµĺɫۣĳķɫ֮ףǣףʩʩȻˣ̶¡
ôСƵģ
Ȼ£߹ȥλˣһǱһѪ£̲סʣʦͲһ£
Ƕһ£Žˮע豭һߵҵѪ
Ҳˡ
ǡʦĶȾôѪ
ΪҲһ裬Ƹƽȥһ˰ױɽ
⻰Ȼס豭Ķһ٣̧ͷƬ̺󣬳ɵʣʦ𡭡ΪҰɣ
̧ͷû˿ԣҲûʲô飬ȴһǿĸо
Ȼ΢΢һϣһ˲·͸һĥ͸⣬ȴת˲źָֻܿƽ
Ƭ̺šһһϣȴЩζ
ʦ֪۴߲֣˸˵ˣҲġ
Ȼȥ˵ʦͬȻҲȥͽܣΪǲӵģӦþ֪ҲȻԼŶԡ
ԭŮǰҲ޶һ
Ϊʲôȥ
һ벻ͨģ˹ȥġáʵһԸѣҪʲôʲô⣬Ҫ
Ȼżָмֲ鿴ʦ֪ӳˣ
Ƕ豭˿ڲ裬˵ˡ
ȻƳһѪ£ѪɫôŨùˣ̲סʣȻأ
ǽ豭£ˣô߲̫㡣
ԡЩԤС
Ȼǵ˹صұͬдһЩѪһЩСġ
ȻĬĬ뵽ǳѪ̲סʣˣ
ôѪôҲдܳİ
ʦǺ۴һְܻɣ
ȻʮϹʱڵǰӦûŰġ
ǿһۣ֪ΪΣ￴˵źֻ治ɱۡ
Ȼƽѵʦô˻ֶＫĽǿҲǿȻҲͲصݱ¶Σˡ
뵽ۣʣΪҪץң
ǲ֪Ķһ۽һţԼȴûԣͬЩԹǨŭѡ˶٣Ҳ㣬ʱס
ȻŰɣʲôľԹڲǰôҪЮʦŶ԰ɣ
뵽ʦս˼ôѪ޵ıµȷҲһģоԹҲϡ档
Ȼֲ뵽ԼЩ΢ˣʦѾǶֵˢ˰ɣ
ҲԼǰһ¶ͻйߣֻͬǵ飬ʦƽʱҲͦլģЩҲ˼档
ţȴǵ䲻𣺡ȥϴһϴѡ
ȻԼˣʲô
ǿ¶֮⣬صŲϵζ𣿡
ȻһۣʶͷԼ䣬ȴʲôҲûųЩʦ˵Ц𣿡
ȴüͷ΢壬ôŨζ㶼Ų
͸¶һ֡ôôĮ̾ζ
Ȼûڹ˵Цˣ뵽֮ǰԺǱʦһ·ģմȾζҲ֡
ֻǡĺŨŲ
ɿѾޱ۽ʦһۡ
ʦƺ쳣У


 27 


һҹ, ȻҲûæŻȥ¶ᶫСɽƫ˯һۼ, ֱ˯ڶ
ϴ, Ѿˣ㵹鵤, 漴¶ȥˡ
ҲСɽס, ʦֻԼס¶ˣֻʰЩѺҪ顣
Խǰļ̫ԶˣѾǵоϸڣҲ֪ŮαŰ, Կ϶ıʦѲ˹ϵ
Ѿ¶ʦĸˣҲ֪Ӱж󣬱, ʦԶһȽϺá
Ҫʦߣʦǽܵһһ㲢ӽֻżŻȥѡ
Ȼ԰, ֻҪݱ¶֮ǰ޳, ʱʲô鶼Ӱ첻
һ߷һʰʱ, ȻԺ˽Сʦã𣿡
Ȼ, һҲΪץߵ顣
һ򿪣㿴¼ֵվͷ, Ȼһĸֵͬ, ȴܴĳҪЩ͢ȴ֮෴, ƫ;£ɫ𪣬üĿɡ
ʱ͢㳯ЦˣЦ
Ҫﲢʲô㺣ȻҪΪϲˣʦָ˵Ļ̬͢ȱעЩֻ΢΢ЦŸǴкʧȴҲԵ顣
͢ĸ֪ԣı仯ǵЦ㵭ЩתݵıӰɻʧ䡣
СʦáΪʲô䵭˼֣
Ը̬ȴƺûô仯
͢תͷһۡ
ȴûע⵽̧ܵܵŽСʦѾʰõİ뵽ʲôʣҪСɽס
Ȼͷʦ˵治ȫ
״ҲҲȰСʦûȥסģСʦǻСסһʱ䣬ΪγסΪõǼ¶ɾ˸ҡ
СʦôСɽϣʦ֣ʦܲܽʲôŮ鰮ӦñС͢ҪŶԣһʱŻ͵͵ɾҲСƵĺĶѡ
ҪҲֶֻܹθΪ˴Сʦã
СʦĶⶨȻҲͬθѲ˹ϵ
΢΢ü
ЩȴôһСͽܶʦĸ߶ȣҪСʦʩ̷ʵ̫ˣ
ʱ㲻̫Сʦûϲʦ𣬵ô೤ԼɾΪһ֤ɽӣҲ޷ˡ
СʦΪ˻˼ӣʱһ̻ˣԼʲô
ʵϣʲôأֻû˽̵Щ¶ѣǽЩΪǵĳԼɾ
ԼҲˣҲСʦá
СʦǸӰȴô˵۹ȥ˵Ľô׵ؾ˵ϲǵĻ
׾˵ڵϲϲ
ţСʦӰЩκۣͬ岻̣ͬһ̤·ͬϾ˳Եϵ
СʦɽȴһҲûеģҲʦֽһػչˡ
Ȼʦָһ鵤ŽȻоһĿ⣬תͷȥȴһָӵ鿴ƺЩۣ
Ȼ֪ڶ̶˲ϢѾԲôϷʣʦ֣ôˣ
ع񣬲ŷѾСʦÿã͢ҲƴЩɻһûʲôƬֵ̣СʦãǹΪҪץ㡣
ֻ֪ԭźý⣬Ҳܰʲôæġ
ȴ͸ŹɫȻĵײů⣬ŵѡҪߣѡɣɵʦʦǴ඼ǼõˣһͥһůŽᣬ˴˹ı˴չˡ
Ȼ㽫ʦ˵оԹɸǡ
û˵£ɾ˵ӦҲм٣Сʦãʱ㲻Ҫ䵥ˣɣеĴѲߣ۵ǿ֮ġ
Ȼ˵ͷЦЦ׵ġ
˵Ҳ˵òˣҪˣһתͷȴ͢ĬţɫƺЩãȻʧӣתһ룬뵽Ϊʲôﰵ̾˿
СʦǻСɽסҪͲôˡ
ɾϲ徲ҲԾûĴҲȥСɽ
飬ʦԱߣСʦȻҲԶܵϿˡ
ڼСʦõܵʲôı飬ˣ΢΢ͷ˼Ƭ̧̣ͷСʦãСʦãպŴˣ֪ô
͢תͷ˸һۣ򴽣˼
ȻҲ̧ͷɫЩ죬¡
ɽÿ궼ٰһŴᣬ൱ڶǵһδͿԣƽǴҶƽͽܵһѡηʽ
ȴ޴ڡ
ԽǿǰԽ׵õϿɣһϿ˭гΪ˵ʵϱ˵֣漴ǰ֪ͨ·۹¡
һҲˣȴҲǾͿ̷ˣһ顪١
֮ߵʵ͹£һҪΪѹȫǿġ
þ̥λɰ࣬õľ֮·ǻɢ
ԣɲۣҲΣյģǶθ־˵ĺ̥һ¾͵ֵϱͱȽĽʺˡ
Ȼŵʱ򣬾׷ʣСʦҪҪҲȥμӣ
һŴңԶɵɾٰ졣
СʦҲȥĻҲζܵȡºСʦһʱ䡣
̫̾ܵСˣŪ׷Сʦºȫ׷һ
ȻЩȻҲȥμӣһҲûȥΪֻв˲ʸμӵģÿɵĸλʦҲֻֻԼĵӡ
ʦȻҲʦִȥŴᣬҲǰװ˷ѣҲǲԡ
ֻڵʵܹμŴ
ţȷʵĻĶˣȥμҲɲԤѡˣȥʶʶܿ԰ɣ
һþͱϿأ
Ҳûǧֻλһ⡣
ûвμӹκŴģǸˣʱҲ㳤ƫƫ츳죬ڴҶûзӦʱѾɽְĵһˡ
ţҲûô۹£ȴƫƫӭ˷١
˳ȹԺӭɡˡսӵִ彫˶ˣͳһ˸磬ȡ֮ǰɵ۳ΪһͳĽۡ
СʦƺҡˣջǾȥֽȰ˵ʦҲȥģ㲻ȥ𣿡
Ȼ£ʦҲȥ
ô֪
ʦִȥŴᣬΪҪôǸصɶѹͲء
ѵڵѾʮİղȥμô
ͷϴѡʱʹġ
Ȼ˰Σûоܾˣ˵ͷҲȥ
˿һԵĵܵܣֻǳĬ˵ͺӦҲСʦ˵ɣ
ҲΪûб
ӦûСʦദһھߵĻָҪǣҶˣٽصСʦã˵ͬʦѧ˽ͬȥдһУ
ʦ̵ֽĽȻıЩ΢һʮҲþܾҲУҪ㵽ֹ
Լ᲻СʧؽҲըˣʦɲʦһǮ
ȴ˼ĸ첲һġ
͢һֹؿһ۸磬ƺ֮ǰһСʦÿúԥҪҪСʦõıֲͦġ
ȴ񵱳˸мȴֲ˼ڣļ򣬸һлһЩԵõ룺
ֺøȥң
С͢һжÿ˰ɣ


 28 

Ȼλʦһȥ˽š
, ŵĵƢ嶯ҲֱϲһԲϾͰν, ǵ⽣Ӱ, ·ʱҪɱƵģòС
֮ͬǰȥķϵĵȽ, ŵӼֱǵһ, һȥǽϷȥӰ
½ŵĴʦˣҲûĹעֻ˲Ŵкϵ, ǸעԼĽվڶĶ֡
ܴĵȴֻжʮˣȫʩչ
Ȼ, ҲһЩϵŮӹרſģֻǰɫǰ˵
Ȼֿ˵¡¶λʦ㣬վڽͷԱߣִк
ȻҲһЦ, λʦȻϵͬ, ϲҲͬ, ȴϲһ׷ˡ
ǵ׷ҲǷ˿׷, һΧĬĬʦִcallһ뷨ȴҲġ
Ȼǽ׷ʦֵɿɣɿ֮һǲ, ڸϵĿǡ
Ц, ӦǰҲͬˡ
Ҳע⵽ǣΪǺСʦýãǳֵʱ, Ҳף漴תСʦãСʦҪЪϢһ𣿡
Ȼ˵ءʱȴȻһλüĿİʦ߹͢˺ãſʦ֣ʦ֮ǰ̵׽Щˣܽ̽𣿡
ڽȻҲǺ渺𰮲ĵĴʦ֣״Ҫͬ⣬ȴֺȻʲôһԵСʦá
Ȼûϵʦȥæɡ
ͬλʦֵǱȥˡ
ԭرֻʣ͢Ȼˣһ͢ƺЩŵӣʦ֣Ǳӣȥ
͢˵ͷ
ıһľΣвˮģǹϢʱĵط
͢СʦˣԼˣһ裬Цˣֻ˵֡ллת˽ķ
ִ͢ӷϣײ΢΢תͷСʦƵķ٣ɫѩĲգҲƯˣ΢΢͸һһ㽿ɰ
ֿ˼֣ſڣȴֲ֪ͬ˵ʲô˵ٶ̫ͷ
ϣԼֻСˣͲطոͬ˵Щʲô
˿ҲȻὫС걧ڻһظļһЦͬ˵
Ǹ棬סˡ
ȻкȻ׵ͻתͷſԭһ׽С
׽гܿ죬ҲӶ䣬ѶȺܸߡ
ȴ·ˮ˳ˣ׽С
ʱĸƽʱͬһ罣ʵļ׶ˮһ˶رעĿ
ƺ뵽ʲô͵תͷԵŮȴķҲǡ硣
סˣ˳Ŀ⿴˳ǸĿĸ磬нһ貶ĿĹ⣬ÿһ˵ߡ
ȴֻĽ䣬ϲŮԣ۾￴ŵˡҲ
͢ڷϵָһսˣ΢΢ףŨĽëȥɫ
*
һߣ¶ѾñһţΪƽ￴·վƶ˰Խӽʦ־ȻǴкˣ
ҲǽŵŮӣֻĽʦֵģҲ֪ԽĽڽӽʦ֡
ʦȴܹ¹죬ʱ޷ӽ
ԣڿȻǵ˵ͷк鲨ģϲԣ𾪡ɻ󡢲ҪһЩ
Ե޹ͬǴкģܿǽŵĵҲǵá
ôɳɵˣʦΪСʦͬǴк𣿡
¶ܰԣҲ֪ʦֺʦֽãСʦʦֵıʦãʦֶСʦöչҲϡ档
ͷġ
ҲصͷЩźոкĲǶʦ֣֪ʦʲôʱܴϺ
ûԼ˼ͼˣҵ˼СʦǲѾʦˣ
ԣ¶¶
漴¶·ʲôЦƵЦСʦǺܿɰԸ߰ʦǾԲϲﻹ˵ģοСʦϲĻֹһ
ƽʦĿ³ģƺҲȷǻˡ
ҪͣʱȴȻ˽ﴫ˵ľ
תͷȥȴһѩĳֱֱسСʦ÷˹ȥٶȿ˶Ӧŵôסˡ
*
Ȼºװ濴ӣ̲ס͢˵ܶ໰͢ģְɣʵǸܺõ߶
͢ʲô⣬װרעؿŽſţĿıʱˡ
ǽŵĵһˣֻԶԶţܸоǿ󣬽ֻ֮ǿž̲ס΢΢ס˺
ԱʦֽĽУѧĻӦǿԱյøõġ
Ϊ˽ģŽʱԼҲ·һޱȵĽۡ
רעȻûע⵽͢仯
ʱȴȻʲôķڻûʲôʱѾֱҪܿˡ
ҪʱһӰȴĶ죬Ѹٵˡ
˱֮ǰԶڽϵʱҲѾһĳͬʱһֱһֻֽԼĳ˳ȥ
ڿײʱ˼ҵ漴һ㱻ײ÷˳ȥ漴˵ء
ĳҲɻ
˵أͷСʦãû°ɣ
ȻҡҡͷЩ¡
ҪɿȴȻʲôһ̧ͷ㿴˻վǰ͢˵ܵܰڵ£Ȼ˼΢Եĸо
ûŪָоô£һȺʦʦñΧ˹׷׹ĵûô
ǱʧصĳǽһվĵУհԼıʱƿزãʱͲСý֡
˫ͨβѵظСʦõǸ
ЩȥҵܵܵʱȴѾԭλˡ
£˷ŵܵܵͿһ£òʲôɣ
ͷһΧŹĵСʦã޶Щꡣ
Žһ׽ÿСʦΣգȻܿŲܣֻھСʦʱûע⣬ڻСʦʱС͢ƺҲСʦá֣
С͢Ӣ۾Ļ᣿
ֻǡС͢ҲڹǡΪҲϲСʦã
üͷЩꡣ
ֻСʦõһģ
ڷΪʲôŸϹȥҲֻΪܷܰ
ĻС͢Ӧá⣿


 29 

֮, ҲͬСʦдˣͻȥԺȥҵܵܡ
ܻܿɽ̶ߡ
ɽ̶ǿɽΪľƫԶĵطҲ, ɣɵĵһ㶼, ķˮɫȴʮֺãʤ
͢ϲ˽Ӵ, 鲻̫õʱһ
Ȼ, ɽ̶ʱ㿴
Ϳɽʯ̶ˮߣ΢ˮԡ
һִˮˮʪˣȴ, ֻǰŶɽ
շ·ɽӣһǳǳɫ̰ĸɽˮ֮䡣
Ų˶, ΢ɲ˿߹ȥ
͢תͷһۣ漴ͷڵĳļͷ, ȥ顣
õܵ, Щ, ȴû¶
͢, ЩЦ⣬ʣС͢, ô˵һˣ
ɵڲصĵ, ͢ĬƬ̧̣ͷһۣȴֺܿƿĿ, ļ̶ˮûʲô
ôԸڣ΢٣ŻǶԴСһС͢ǲʲôСʦòûб˼ֻһʱ鼱š
Ľͣ͢ȻתͷǷһѿڶûᣡ
΢
͢ں峺ϸߣ򴽣ѹʲô˼ãȻһŵ磬ҡǲǺûã
¶֪СʱˣЩգͲߵܾܵСʦõĻģܵҲġ
Ȼˡ̧ͷΪİЦŵС͢ѾŬˣŵĳϲϲ𣿡
͢ȴģ΢΢ͷɡǣһǡСʦã񵱳
ֲĴΣ̲סЩĻͽθߣΪ̴ӱ͸ñģ˽Դ㲻Ҳģ
𵱳飬Щˡ
͢СһҶúã֮ǰ׼̤һ
Ҳ
͢ȴиСһ𳤴̴ӽм㣬Ҳܴ󵨡
͢ȥȻΪıߣ˺ĳǣ͵͵͢һ˳ȥ
ǲ֪жΣգеǻʳ˵ľѪδǾѵƷ
ȥ䡣
ҵ͢ʱ͢ɽĽʬǱأѪȳ۾նѾˡ
ץסͼɽһֻײгԵΪʲôԣЩʬǴǷ˵ģ͢ͼֻС˵ֱ콵֮ϲ
͢Ϊ̫СˣΪҲͣȴҲ˾˶˵ǵĲҼ䡣
ʲô̻ġ
͢żһرԵһͷ˿Ҳûʣ£ǼʱϵԼҲⲻجˡ
Ż˵ӣҲڼʱȴʲôҲˡ
ȻȥԺóһʱûп˵ԴҲǶԴĻƿһСչ
ʱĹȥ·ָʵҲûУҲᵽڻ޷ѿڳԵë
Уӣ׽š
ҲΪĴΣûпõܵܣ˳ȥȻûһ˹ֹǻԼԼ
ˣ۵ܵҪʲôжѣһȥΪ쵽
ܵܵʱж־壬Ŀڱһ󷢽Ĭ
͢Ÿ飬漴΢΢䴽ǣˣҡ硢ͲЩˡ
ȴ۵õ̫ܵˣһڰο
ʵϣ͢ȻԼ˵˼һ鲻ȴҲΪ˼㡣
ֻǺĽĽ
Ҫһ˵Ŀ⣬ҪСʦõ񿴼һ
ߣȴ·ˮǧɽңԶ
ζرʹ࣬ʹൽŬؿԼûȥСʦõ
֪ⲻܹǡ
Լ̫ˣ
СʦõߣĿڸϣ޶ãһеһС
ڿСʦüĽ˵ȴһڸĻ￴ʱԼͲȥˡ
ҲҪעӣҪΣյʱܱҪ˵̬ӵ
ֻܽź̬ܿ
͢ڵ͸ּᶨ֮ɫֱֱ䲻硭ҲϲϲСʦ𣿡
⻰תҲ̫ˣڶԵܵܵ仰ʱͷ·̵Ȼ̧͢ùֵ۾Ƭ̡
֪ΪΣֱܵܵӵмͱˣһʱмĸоֻתһ룬ֲϲСʦãʲôģ
ţµܵܵԴһѵں˵ʲôôϲСʦã
͢Σ·ҪƵġ
ţЩΣõܵǲľԱСʦǺƯҲֻǸƯСѣЩĵ˵̫ɬˡ
Щ˶ûоôܿһʮС
˭֪͢ȴֺȻǡԺ󡭡ذˡ
һ٣ŵܵݺÿоﲻһˡ
ֽ͢һֵػҡԼСʦáϲҡ΢٣硭ҲæΪҲĵġ
Ĭ˺һǣ˴ǣЦǺܺá
ܵܺò׹ҪԼһ£ܶȻǼ¡
񲢲ôġ
֪ΪΣһãȻʧĸоѵΪϰ˵ܵܵҪʱ͸оԼԼҪ˶е
Щ벻ͨԲˣԵܵܵ߰ɣȥ·
͢һԼѾʪ͸˵䣬ȴȻ⣬ԸЦЦá
*
ӽŻȥԺ󣬳Ȼ㽫ƫķ²һ漴ȥʦ
ΪŴ飬Ȼʦ𲻻ȥȥҪ˵һġ
ȥʱ򣬱㿴ʦǰһݸϯ棬ϯϻ̡
һԼԼ壬һ߳ӷص۽۽Ա߻һѵĹϹģԿӻ̯ˡ
Ȼǰ⸱ʦ̫¼ˣҲûУҲ̫ˣܵ
ʦʱޱ鿴һۣƬ̣Žָ
Ϊʦǿĵġ
ڡ
ȻһڷԺ۽ٶȶЩʦ鶼˼֣ǰǶʦŻҲôҪ鶼
ʦͺһ˳ʳȻʱɣ


 30 

ȻŸӵ, ǰҪͬ˵Ŵ飬ȴָָλ, ¡
ȳȻԺ, ǰһ㣬ŻǴڵζ, Ӧʦµڵġ
ӷ˳ԵĵҲһһҹʱ˰, Ȼάʳ¶ϣЩ֪ˣָñ߳ʲô
ȻһƯźɫ㣬ͷҧһ, ԭֻòԵسһ㣬һں̲סһ鶼һˡ
ʵ̫óˣ
ʦʳ﷽۹һָģûвóԵġ
ԵЩǺ, ǰֶһ裬л˹ȴûʲôܳġ
ʦЩСϻʮֻչ˵ġ
ҲΪСʱ򲻶, ʦƢȻ˵˵ʲô, ˺ܶ, ҲֻһС¶ѡ
ҲҪܾԺױ˼ҵʦǱͽźһ
ϲʦԼʦҲϲĴ, ʦֽҲѲ˹ϵ
ȻһڲԺ󣬱̧ͷʦ, ҪμŴ˵ˡ
Ϊʦһšһµ, ԺȴĬţͺһЩֵ顣
ʦ¶飬Ǹ˼˼, ӵǵöأ
ȻĶ΢΢̲סʦ𡭡ʲô𣿡
̧˫ѩһŵ롭𣿡
⡭ʵЩ֡
ĸȥŴ߲Ϊ˳ɣ
ҿɣɲǸ
ôʦǲŷƵģ
ȻЩƣǵ˵ͷ
ͷǱֳĬƬ̣·۽ˣ۽Ƶһߣ΢΢ս·ҪǲͬЦ
ΣӦòϲġ
Ȼ¶ϲ˼ˣʶҲʦϺĶʦˣʦҲǣҲûǰɣ
ʦΪʲôƶ˵仰
ţ̲סʳԼʡ
ǾһԽһۣ֣µġ
ȻƬ̣ʦͬҲμŴˣ
һźӣصʲôУҡ
Ȼ֪ԼʦȽϷϵȻҲû뵽ܷϵز
˼ҵʦ֪ͽҪμŴᶼǳģʦȻ
ƺҲûʲôá
ǺõеʵˣϾ˼ҵʦͽܶǺϿģ£̲סʣʦʦҲʲôУ
̧ͷޱȻͬ
Ȼ΢ܾʦеĲͬƺЩ⡣
ʦǸر򵥵ˣϲʲôϲʲôֱӵر
żҲ˱ȽϷѽ⣬ڣ޷е˼Կ϶ǾŮͽܵҪ׼ͬ
ŬȥʱȴȻսϵϢҲǱѩģͷʲôèƵĶ
㲻ܵĻȻʲôУ𣿡
˵ʱѵ˵̬Ҳڽ̵ʲôҲİè
Ҳ̬Щŭ̲ס˾䣺Σ
ʳԺеˡ
ΪʦˣҲƺˣоһǿߵѹУ·ǰڷŵĻƿֵѹ֮鿪ĸо
ڱעӵʱ򣬳Ȼо䷢ͺ˶סʺ
ŵһʶֻǸķϵʦ𣬸ǴϹʱھѾڵ˾ɾ
˽⻹̫Ƭˣͷ·û˴ĵʵģ
Ǳ΢΢ȴ˾ÿֲƺû㷽˵ʲô
ȻоѣðΣŵҡܵġ
ûҪһҪ
ǶƬ̣˻ȥʱָֻޱ·ʲôҲӣųԹһݸ
ȻûӷŵѹﻺЩµؾͱһӸ㣬ʦǿʼˣ
ʶƳֱߵһ죬껹
ʦҪԵ
ע⵽ߣ΢΢Щײı仯㻹Ҫ
ȻŻȺĸ㣬ˣллʦ𡣡
ĶҪʦ͸ʳĴ󹷹Ƶģ治֪һΪʲôԷʳжӣ
󲻳ʦҸʦĳˡ
ʦɴⱲӾͱʳȥɣ
*
ȻÿɣǸͦţΪɽĵһţɣɵĵȻҲǷ֮ƺܶ˶ԼСܡ
ԼͲ˵ˣй¶ǻϵģܸκˡ
ʦҲͲ˵ˣصģҲ֪æЩʲôһ·κ鶼԰õĸо
ΪΪϵֱʦȻҲǸܵġ
ʦǶԺҹڴ϶ĥʦĻͱĥĥȥһʲô
ֻĥ͸ʲô
ܲԵ޹ܰɣҲɹǲΪ֪ݡ
ɺܿͱˣھʦһʼǲ֪ŮݵģҾں֪ŮݣѡҲǽŮ彻ۣǼװ֪ڿɣɰ
Ͳͨ
ȻͷʹˣҲ֪ʦ𵽵ʲôԿ϶Ǻйϵġ
˵ȻҽߣΪʲôţ
շתҲ˯ŵʱȴȻ˴ʲôʱҹѾˣʦҲܹġ
뵽ۣ۱˱ʦ˲ܹɱ
´ﻯ½ȥ
ߵߵʱ򣬴ȻƿˣһӰһڽϴסĴһϵж˲Ѿɵġ
Ϊͦġ
ȻԺתͷ㿴һȴֲôƿ֣ʦ֣
ȴ˸ƣͷ·һ
һе
Ȼоóû⣬Ϊ˶ʲô˶ܽСɽͬʦˣ˭Ҳ֪ˡ
ɫؿ뿴ʲôġ
ʱ΢΢סˣнŲȥˣſͣס
Ƭ̺䵭Į𣺡̶˯ˣ
¹͸ɴȻԿмֽŵضҡҡͷ·Ҫ
Ȼûг˿
˯˵ȻҲǲشǵġ
ͷĬƬ̣㴫˽ԶȥĽŲ
Ȼ˺ôһĳûиʦ쳣³ѾԼϢʦһŵóķ䡣
֮ԲӦΪûгΪҪάġ
Ƕһ²һµĸԣȻҲֲˡ
*
оǲٻԺ󣬳תȻζضһЦСʦãлˡ
лȻҲЦʦֲҲȹµƽˡ
Ŀǰ½󣬵ҹҲˣұ㲻СʦЪϢˡ
Ҫߴȥһδʵľȴסȥ·΢΢̾˿תͷŽŮСʦãǺ⣿
Ȼ̬ƺ棺ȻʦҲ֪ҹˣΪλҪ
˰Σͽر˼֣Цʱ۽ǵǿҲÿˣսζصСʦãΪʲô㻹𣿡
Ȼȴܲ޹֪
ҭƬ̣漴Ц飬СʦòϲʵҶСʦҲ⣬һʱԽŴСʦС
ȻƺˣʣΪζʦ𣿡
ĬƬ̣˫ůʮֺÿҲʮֿ޷ɣ͵ȻҪʦˣСʦã˵ǲǣ
Ȼ˵ͷȴ䲻Ϯؿڣû½㱻ˣɫ͵رˣֿסЩҧгݵЦСʦãһҪ𣿡
㲻װˣȻҲ̹ϵ͵ʦĶʦΪͬġ
ô˵ȻҲʦ⣬ʦ֪ˣֻƭѡ
Ѿõ֮ǰ½СľС
ȻȴȻ֮ǰɿصٶһ£Ҿͽʦˡ
ԶɾϹҲֻƬ̶ѡ
ֻ֣ȴСʦʦ֣úûشҵ⣬ұ㽫ľл㡣
һ㶣˻棿
Ȼͷʦ֣ϴʵɺϰɣ
Ҳ֪ѾģǱ֪Ҫƹȥףǿ㱻۴֣Ѱȥġ
ȻҲôܾôŹͳ־ȻҲûۣȻǳ飬ţʣʲôϵ
ɫȻ·˵ȫǳĵʵ͹ϵ֮ҲһСҪҰ£Υ
ȻŰɣ԰ɣôΪŹң
ȴֵĸӻûһЩȽϿصˣ
ȻƬ̣ľ׸ˣʦ֣߰ɡ
ɴؾͷ֣£Щţߣ
Ȼתͷѵʦ

Ҫ͵ñǸˡ
ķӦֱˡ
Ȼ뿪ıӰһҲǺʲôȻ۽ҲҲʲʲôġ
οܱõֵĶȻҲҪĶ
ʦͲһˡ
*
ҹ̽ǵ޵Ϊһ飬ɪ̽鵽ϢθһľнǣǸľװĶܾܿ顣
ò׵ȵ뿪޵ųû͵ȥ޵ͷ·ľУǻˣһ·ӵСʦ
СʦǶԼס󣬳ŷľзϣͷװŵĿܾʥ飬˼֡
ľпƬֲ̣˲ӣСؽһشˣҲЩ졣
˺װʲôʱͷ··׹䡣
ŵľȻǡһѩ׹âİ׹ǣ
·Ű׹ǣ
ɾʲô˹Ⱥã
ɫɺˡ


 31 

ʱת˲, 㵽˸ǰɵμŴӡ
ȻٳԶţʱǴڿɣɵģ˶γﻹʮڴġ
ԭΪʦֻŴ֮ǰͬһȥ, ڿ, ӦûֱӸȥǶԺ־ͿԿˡ
ŵʱʦֿ꽣, ԼϹϲ˴, ʦֵһ޵ȷʮϲ
Ͼܵõɽϵһ˵ĿҲǲס
ɵɣɵľ뻹ǼңԶģȻڴ֮ɽϣһϺߣһȴڱǱ, ԯޣҪϹȥҲûʱʱ䡣
ɣɵļλҲԼҲĵӳˡ
ȻЩϺʦһһطˣļ, ʦȴٳûжȥʦôµʱ¼ֵܺϹȴһ¶
ȻͲˣôûߣ
ϵĳ϶Ѿ˵ģΪҲԶء
ϵɾʱ, ǹ
ȻĬĬ, ЩҲʦͦ׵ô
żλʦһȥʦ޵, ޵ſ, ߵſڣ㿴ʦǶʰҪߵĶ
ѾʮֳصĴ
˯ѵʦּ˶΢΢۾, ˡ
̲סʣɾΪҪǱסܾ𣿡
־òӦð, ɾȻ£ҲûμӹŴᣬҲڲ֪ŴŻῪðɣ
, Ȼ鸴ӵؿһۣôʦİװӦȫǳԵģ
Լʦɾ滹Ҫάһµġ
ԣȻȥǱߵʦʰһֻû˵ڣʦȻ̶
Ȼ߹ȥʦôˣ
ΪʲôҪæ
˭֪ʦȴŹ𻨸⣬̶⣬ޱһ֣

ѾȲҪˣʦĥĥһ
ȻôҵģҾͳ鵤
ԣǾûʲôؿһۣȻ񣬷·²˵ŲԣȥǶʱ򲻻ҪԵģ
ջĿ󣬱Խָ㶼ˣװ˰
һǵʱԼ񿴼ͷȫǡԵģ
΢΢˿Ѿõͷܵܶһۡ
͢ıҲЩ΢Ҳ֪Сʦõʦϲԣû뵽ôܳ԰
Ȼƺʰˣ̲סʣʦ¸˰ɣ
ǵ˵ͷ漴Ŀ⵭ȻؿվſڵˣСĵ㣬ˡ
˵꣬ʩʩȻԽǣﳤȥӰɷǣݳСͽ֮ܶԺ
齩סɾ˼ǡǰ𣿡
ϹҲˣԼʦ΢Цȥ¶һʱºоϵƭˣ
͢ȴΨһһɫһˣԭʦΪ˰ģĻһ·ǶԺСʦһˣ
о˲ͺˣɿСʦ΢΢ЦЦ
ǵ鶼ʮ΢Ȼ£С«ǿ԰Ѱ棬Ҫһ˿ŰС
ͲÿŸˣɿνĵһŵ֮ǿŰɹȥĻʲô顣
ԣɫʮֿܣҲǺ«ģ
͢Ҳ룬Ǿ«ֻǡͲܸСʦһˡ
ʱϹһӾʹյ˳Ȼǰ·±˸Ƶģһصѡңѡң


չʱ򣬳Ȼĺ£ߴϷɿƿŵ˵ͷǶ࿴һ۶Ϣ


 32 

;лɵײΧ, ʱٶȿþˡ
ȻҲֻøżӿٶȣں«ϵϹȴյģ͵͵شӰ˵, ֻüװû, ʦӦáעһģ
ԭΪʱɾͿԸϽСİŽˣû뵽ɾȻôȥɵ
ǿҪɵʱ, ѵǰͷɾȴ, ˵ҪȥĿջסһŴῪʼȥɡ
ı鵱ʱˣⲻζšЩſҲҪһȥ
ҲҶײɾֻԺ, ̲סתͷСʦãЩԵĲܷŴ𣿡
ΪʲôһҪôö֮ؿȥ
ĻһĳԵİ
Ҫ˸ˣȥҪΪŴϵЦˣ˭ȥμŴôԵ, ֲȥμʳᣡ
ϹԺ͢Ҳƺڴ˵ͬŴĻ
Ȼһۣشǵʦ˵ӰʳĿڸС
ˣ
*
뺣ϵķݳǣݳȻźܽ, ͨķȴǸ֪ϻɽߴڵġ
, Ϊ˲˵Χ, ݳ˵, һѰ˵װ硣
ȻҲڵԻ¿ɣɵİȹʦǰķɫԽȹ, ڵҲܾɿɰ, ɻ״˿ƮƮڴ£
͢ʱһ£СʦôɫȹӺ񡭡Ưɰˡ
ϹԺĹעȴڻĴϡ
, Щ±ϳԼͷϴһĻ룬ںɴɴֱʣĵ˵ĸоԽӽˡ
Űûָ֮ʡ
ϹԵĹעȴƫһûôһʲôģۡ
Ϊʡ˸ͱ󣬻ƺܺضſȴɢôʮΥͣǸսǵȴƫƫɢү
ֻ͢ȽɣʵʵؽڻಽظԱߡ
Ȼ͸о͢˻⣬Ļ硭һѾ
߽Ժ󣬾֮еһ˳аյעĿǼװ֣ҶҿǣЩ棬ҲЩǣͺڿʲôϡƵġ
ȻҲЩˣΧˡ
ҵʦȴһ̧ͷ㿴˸עĿʦ
ȻѷͶȫûиıһµģ޳ףһžΪ˵վڽͷ򡭡Ǻ«
ΧѾΧ˺ܶŮӣ˫ͨ죬۾գˡ
Ȼɷ֪ʦôΪ˱˶ıԼ
ѵʦһֱڷߵ
ǱѾΧ۵ɾоԼûô۹ɲͷСʦãǻǱȥɾˣҸջס°ɡ
һӶŸɵɵվڽͷˡ
Ȼ˵ͷҲôá
µʱ͢ȴȻ𣺡ʦ֡Ķȥˣ
Ȼע⵽ϹԾȻѾˣһ
Ϊҩŵĳ֮ǰⶣģҪע⿴߶ˡ
ʦȻһŴÿǸͷβ·հⶼԼԼ˵һ֣
ȻݳǻûЪҪ̤Ѱʦ֮·һ̧ͷͿϹԾͱŸվʦԱߣѾһǺ«ڳš
ҪɿȴȻʶʲô
ȵȣʲôʱǱȥģ
Ҳﻹһ˵Ǻ«ֱӽ˼ҵǺ«ȫаˡ
װʶˣֻøͬ鸴ӵ¼ֵһȥˡ
һ˾㹻˵ΧˣڻϹԺֹװˣоϵԽԽˣЩ߶߶ꡣ
ȻʦҺÿջ𣿡
ǷһǺ«Ҳ¼ֵһһ֮ŵǰ档
ܵЩָָעӣ̲סŵǾͷɾ·ˣҡˣЪһЪ
ǵһۣʣµǺ«Ҳתˡ
۵ץһǺ«ôȥջˣҪɿΪڿΧ۵ľʱȴȻһЩŮǺ«ģǵȵȣ
ܿƺΣΪʲôҪʦĻȥ¶أҸСʦܹȥһ
ȻҲסŲƬ̺ͿһŮ˹վǰſھ͵Ҫ崮Ǻ«
ɫˣصҲ
Ůһ£ҪŭȴȻע⵽վԵϹԣżÿ£漴ֿϹԱߵ͢һ¡
Ŀػƶ˳ȻϣʶӦòǺ«ģܿҲͬһμŴġ
ˣʶҲ֮˺󣬱Ҳ͸һ˰ɣ
͸ɵƵģø˵ˣ̧žҪߡ
ʱŮҪߣˣһץסĻһͷ¶βʲôҿһǳóš
һѾͽĻڿòʱĻȻֹˣ漴˺죬ĿҲÿЩ
⡢˳þȻôÿ
鱾ͺܷ꣬Ļ뱻ʱ˲䵽˶壬ҪνԾˣóߣҲض֮ˡ
ʱһŮѵСʦã񡣡
Ȼƺʶؾ̧ͷһۣ㿴һ޵Ůˣһ˫ֱֳйԡ
Ůʱˣһӡ
ŮȻϵģӺŮùĻ룬ݻĿɨһȦϣǸ¹ӣСʦǹ߻ˣʧ֮
ӹĻ룬´ˣ˺Ůһۣû⣬ﻹҪúý̵
ޱ룬Сʦôô󣬻ԼҵСʦøɿɰû˱ȵϣ
ŮЩ
Դ𱸵ؿһۣŵͷ
*
λźŮԺ󣬳Ȼ̲סʣ˭
΢΢üֻϵùɵ񡣡
ȻЩȣڸŵмҲǺģΨһһɽǰʮŮޣһܴ֮ſһȺ޵һ֡
֪ɴŵȫŮӣɵСʦûŵŮȻٰ谮ˣѹƢ
ǵѾҪߵÿӰˣæקŵܵһȥɾֿʲôͣá
ȻҲҪϵģŻͷһˣʦĶȥˣ
ϹԵĴڸмֱ͢Ҫͣûֻ̾͢˿طȥ
գһҷ¥¥ҵһŨױĨᱡŮ¥µرŸͷߡ
ȻæǰȥסˣȴƺͷȥЩץǰߣһߵʦ֣֪ʲôط𣿡
ϹԵͷ
ȻΪ֪أԲɶס˽Ų
ϹӭЩĿ⣬ɫЩίҵģֻǺ桭
Ȼ
ĺĻصúܣǡһ·յΪʲôҪԷôصĺİ
߶˭ģ
˿ضʦ֣ԺȥʱһҪǵ˵һȻҶǳĵġ
ϹԿû˵
Ȼ飬ҪԼǲǻ˵˵ʱȴȻսɫȴֺӳ۵ףҲʮ־£˯ɢУɢһԿܵԸ
ס˺
ϹƺЩ΢΢ȸԾСʦķǳǳǳ𣿡
Ȼ
Զ˸
˵ʱԽԽü΢΢ͷˡ
״ɫÿĴĿһ̲סһצӽƿˣ߷ߵ˵˵úվвУ
֪տ˵Ǳ
ϹȴһƸƵסˣͺһƵģ𽥱Թŵĵң
Ȼ⻰Ҫ˼طʣ˵Ҵ㣿
Ǵ

ֻǽƿ˶ѣ
Ǳʦָ˰ɣ
ΪϵʦֻʦãҪ
Ҫˡ
ˡ


 33 


ڷĿջסһԺ, Ȼͬʦһǰɵ
ɵܻɫĺˮӿεΪ׳, ϻ, Ρ룬, һɾĸо
һϵͬѺǶһˡ
ɵĵǼȥʦ֮
Ȼûͬһȥ, Ϊʦ֮ͬǰƺʦѾ˵ϡ
Ȼ˵ʦͬһȥ;˳ָ·߹ȥˡ
Ŀ󣬺ʺϻľ, ÿһȥ֦Ҷïٻ޵ġ
Ȼһһŵϵķ羰ŵۺʵ㿿ǰ, ۾µĻҲǶһݶˡ
û߶ã㿴ֵʯͷ籮ŷԭһƬֶѣǺܴһƬۺ, ɺĸɫ, Ҳде, ֺͷܿĹ
˺ˮİĲ, ƺı߽绹Ŵ󺣵ġ
ȻЩˣ֪ıȥʦ֡
ʱ, ѩһ׵滨ȴȻ߳һŮ, ò·ʱ°΢΢̧𣬴żֽ, ֻһĶ̽
ͷ΢΢ЩӣƺǸոڻ
ȻϳǸСʦá
СʦƺҲ˭Ųһ٣㳯ܲصɵ˿СҲҪһǺ«Ҳ
Ȼزʶᣬô˵ȴҲס˽Ųʵҿͷϵķܺÿ
⻰Ůʶ̧ḧķ
˳Ȼһۣ뼥䣬ȴļѩˣòüƯŵȹʹŵҲһ˿õĵط
Ļ˻ȥֻ΢صȻĸؽΪҴġ
ȻͷȴֺȻΣ
Ů£ͺʲô˼飬ɵɴһ˫ۣΪҪ㣿
Ȼ㲻̫ĵؿһۣĵɵ˿СҲҪһֻ
ŮԱ¶ŭݣ漴⻰Щ죬ŷӦڳԼɸŭˣǺ«ֵΣͬҵķȣ
ȻȴǺ«ҲʦĻ£ûļʦ̰Եģֻһתʦֵİ֮ôͲܱˣ
ŮҭǺɴĿڱÿЩƺǼǺ«ģô䵭ؿ
ûĮؾܾʱἫˣ֪ΪԺȴɴʱһ
˶ǷɫȹŮĻͺȻ־Ҳûôˡ
Ҳʹʦ˵ݣʦƺȥ鷳ֻ֪ǿɣɵˣ£ȴ֪˭
ţ̲סɫе㲻Ȼʣλʦʲô֣ʲôģ
ȻûشĿȴתһתƺ˼ӡ
Ů͸ˣװͰ㡢Ϊʲôң
ȻЦˣ֪ʦ˭
Ůߣ˭֪ˣ
ô˵۾ȴ̲סתתƳȻƺڵĻش
Ȼܻܿʦ֣ӺЩϲʦֵʦҲûˣʦȴǸ䵭Ůɫģ۾ͷ˽ǵܵܡ
Ȼ㲻ҵʦֶȥˣĶ֪˵һ
Ůһǻڴ㱻ˮԼ׽Ūˣ̲ס㡭
ȻҪͬʹ˱ȥʦ֣ʱȴһϤòϤԶ𣺡ȻȻ
ȻһعͷͿ֮վ滨ֲѺ滨һס
΢΢ʶ˷߹󣬾һ۾ͽȺֱ
Իվ곤֮ˣĳЩɵţͬվһȴûаֱ΢󱲵ĸоǡ̫ǿƺǽ˶ĵˡ
ȻʱɫһҪȥԵļλţֶ˶٣վû
»ǣܸоûĸӻͬǲվ̸İɣ
״֮ЩЦ⣺ȻȻϵʦô
ȻŽ˹ȥ
ʱŮҲϳȺߣ˭֪û̧ž￪ڽס˳ôҲ֪ݼ
ֻҲ˹ȥĿȴվ֮ԱߵŮĵЩޡ
ͼ֮ˣȻҲ֪ɽڵһһλﻹʦִùϵ
λʦֿŸǫǫƵģȴû֪ΪΣǰ˵ң˻ڡ
ĥĥعȥʱȴλʦڸ˽СʦãȻºģĪ˸оóСʦú˵̬ǲһġ
ĶһȴŪˡ
ȻҲλ˺ãԹԵվʦߣ࿪ڡ
ͬЩ֪ǧѹûйͬ⣬ֻһԳԾ;˼ֵĸо
Щżȴ·Ƶģһضһʴӱѩ֮ģһЩŮ˵Ȼλɰࡣ
˵Ĵž͸ԼƵͽ
Ȼ̫ȷ˵Щǿʦϻǿʦֵϣľ;þˡ
ֻǰЩǫѷ̬
һȴίַŭҲˣȹŮǴɾյǸͽܡ
Щ˿ǿɾô
Щȴһ仰ҲûУڹɿɴûܹҲɾͽ޲ڡ
̲סһӱˣȫʲôǹأָųȻ۸ң
ȻðŻ̸ķΧˣնȻһ˲
λſŭݵɫ졣
֮Ҳ̧Ƴһۡ
ֻƮƮһۣûа⣬Ѱȴ̲סһס䣬ĵ˼Īľ⡣
ȻҲȻʦֵݾ۸ͣһ˶̫ӱֱ˿ڡ
ɵŻüͷ΢תͷһŮѵ䣺˵
ŵؿƽҪǸ״ﶼΪͷģ
۾ίúˡ
Щͷ۵ؿһۣ漴ƺܱǸؿ֮СʦãСŮ״ôҼЦˡ
ֻ֮Ц£ƺ⣬漴λŸˣųȻһȥˡ
*
ֻʣʦˣȻЩˣоѾܾûʦˡ
˿ʦɫĲ̲סʣһΪʦַŻΪʲô۸ġ
֮Ų΢٣һۣƺܾȵصȻȻ۸𣿡
һ
ֽ֮ŵѵݺ㣿
Ȼ£ô˵ȻҲûʦôģ
֮΢΢΢ս鶼ôʦ֣
ֱκάĸоóȻЩжʦ֣á
Ļ֮ȴȻ̧ͷȻȻûʦ֣
ʦ˫ƺ͵ùֵĺЦȻſڣ˵
ȻʦˣⱾһ飬ôܲϰߣȫ˵Ļ
֮ƺҲֻһʣû˵վֱ壬̧ͷǰ洫ˮİĵطϵķⲻȥ
Ȼع񣬡šһĽŲ
*
·ľͷһƬ̫ߵ£½ʯ˻ѩβϡ
²ԶͣһҾĻںˮ֮ϻλƵƮӦ׼ҪȥĿ˵ġ
֮һ£żˮ㣬̤ˮȴ޺ۣƬ̼Ѿ˻Ĵͷϡ
ȻǰҲʦһȥȴûôϣЩŲ׳Ĵ󺣡
ˮɫҲǲһģǳЩǱɫģһȥˡ
Щ󣬽޷ˡ
һԱߵʦȴѾؽһƷ˿ڶƺͷϲʲô
ʶһ֧
ֲ֮ˣȥٿ
ȻǺϲЩΣڿɣɵʱҲҪηԵ׸ʦҲ֪ġ
̲סʣʦô
ֻżȻһ֧úʺ㡣֮˶٣ο㷽ŲҲĽ˵ķ𣿡
ȻɫЩȵؿʦ֣ˣ
֮ÿɷؿһۣʣʱ䣬ˣ
Ȼͳ£뵽۽ץߵ飬ԥһ˲Ǿʦ֣ʦô̵ĸԣ֪ˣָҲʦһȥơ
֮עɫʣô
ȻЦûʲô
֮ɫؿһۣȴ·ûʲô쳣ĬƬֻ̣꽣ˣ
ᵽȻЩɾ͸УѾܽ׽ˡ
ô
֮ƳһۣȻ彣ס˽һ߲ŷһߵԿ̶ֳȣ
ȻšһעĶ
ʦٻķоϾͱĸΪǿƬ̼䣬ԭѾΪһ˺һƬƬġ
Ҳ·ܵĲӿȻо䣬ԽܼʱʦĽصķ֮ҲԽԽǿ
ں¡¡֮ɫƽȴҲмسŴ󺣴̳һһ۵Ļ׹羪һ㽫ˮ롣
ˮγɵĸǽӿţͰȥм䲿ȴһƬ·һеĿºɫС
ҲںϾҡ·ҪһǺɫȥ˻ľ忪ʼѿ
æһס֮ĸ첲æ֣ʦ֣Ҫˡ
֮һۣ콣˻󷨵ʧǵɫҲƽ
һҲָ֮ǰʡ
Ȼ𷽲ǿֲ̲סʿˮʦ֣Ҫ̫ˣô̶ֳȣ
֮ʲô磿
ȻԼŬˣ̲סô㣿ҶԾٵ½ˣ
Ϊؾ˺ܾõġ
˭֪⻰֮ȴһ£漴Цٻ¶ԵһЦ΢΢ˣĵݺÿɼȡõˡ
ȻЩŭЦʲô
֮ü۽ǶЦ⣬ʣңʱٽˣ
Ȼʲô⣿
֮Ц⣬Ҳһ£ǲǻ˽õ𽣵ģ
Ȼ˵ˣʦǿ˼
֮΢΢̾˿ұΪͦãû뵽㻹½÷û͸
ȻЩɻ󣺡½÷
֮Ƴһۣ㻹ͨĽô
Ȼб˼ֻ̣ǻôã
֮ó
Ȼ㻯˳漴㱻ʦסˣͣ˺ˮ֮ϵĿС
罫ǵͷˣ°Ҳ֯һ
֮ƽȣ۾ȥ½Ĵڣǽȥ
Ȼ۾ЩȵطȻ½
֮һ߻̧һߵ½ӵ̫֮ѧν޶ȵطӳ㡭
Ȼ£ȻоҲûöԼû˿½ȴڳŴ󺣴̳һʱ򷢳һǿĽ
źĽﺣʱ򣬺ˮԼٱһѩˣ˻߸߽𣬷˺һ
֮ǰڵһҲĲ¡ڡ
һƬƬôգۼʧɫĴ
֮ɿֻ֣ѣǿܷӳ
˵䣬콣ѱ˼֣
ȻȻתͷ
ɵͷ½Լ֮ǰˣҪ½ͲԼʹֻҪѧָ½ͺá
ӵǿ̫֮½ûκϿأҲ֪һϡУġ
̲ס֮ɫЩӣʦ֣㻹ջȥɡ
֮ʲôǾ̫ˣ
Ȼͷ
֮ȴȻЦˣͷ㲻ʲôѵһôҸĲҵģ
һˣ
ô˵ƺҲûȻʦûѪԵϵʦ־ǵ׵ֳһչͽ׸һĴˡ
ͬŵʦֽҲ൱ڼ˰Ĵڡ
ֻǡܾúﲻԣ
Ȼš
֮Ҫұˡ
˵ȻҲ֪óµģϾƺصĶֵһᣬŽɫ֣صصʦ֣Ժһᱨġ
֮һۣЦˣô𣿡
ԣȻһ½ʦҪʲôҲʦȡǡ
֮ζؿһ˲漴΢ͷػɵüסԼ˵Ļ
Ȼ˵ͷȴüϵĸЩذ
һʦҪĶ½ؿô죿


 34 


Ŵʽʼʱ, ʱΪô˳㰲źñһϵˡ
Ȼʦʦһסĳȹ
ʦҲŸԵʦסڽĹȽɺϵڵĹסľǹɵ, ҲѾ׵ؾ͵֪ݡ
ڸŶ۵ĵ, Űһֵʢ磬ɵǰμӡ
ȻҲ֪Ҳ˵, Щ˲ϲھְ, ҲְλͣҲ󣬻·ȥ䴴Źյڡ
û뵽ʦЩĵλȻôߣ˼Ҷͷλ˳ʦ
ʦĶ޿޲ɵ, ˣûС
ʦ־һ֮ʦֱߣʦ߻һλ
Ȼʦܻܿȥ, ǲʲôزصģɲͷһȺ¸صĳţѹҲ̫ˡ
ʦ𿴹֮ǰԼڿɣɵӵм˸λˡ
ɺϵԱľϴβý˵վʦ֣, ЩεصԲ, Сʦ, ϴ̫Сˡ
ȻҲ֪ʱÿ, ½Ҳʦ
Цûϵˡ
վ·˿, Ҫ˵, ȴȻʦֺܹܵˣæִкĵظλã˳СʦõЦ͵ҸСʦõˡ
ȻǱζЦݾЩ, ֵȻҲ˼ˣ͸ˡ
Ҫ绹ãﻹϲλʦֵҥˡ
ȻҶԴŲɣλʦֱǷžͲһˣϾ֮ҲûǱʾʲôĽ˼ɣ
͢Ժ󣬻ЦЦЦǳСʦá
ȻҲλʦ˺ã漴һ飬ɫûʲô쳣ӦѾûоϲ˰ɣ
ǵЩϲʱɫĮЩҲܻĸ
͢
ȻֲôȷˣΪ˵Ժ͢ѾˣȴƺЩˣҲ˵ĶˣһЩȽϸ֦ĩڵ΢仯
绻ǰôߣȿͬ˵Ҳ
Լ͢ʣô
ûʲôȻع񣬷ǵĸо⣬ϯ÷ʢ
ȻһɺЦȻ𣬡ڱ֮ϣ㣬ʳҲͷģǻ׬Ǯء
ȻһתͷͿ˶θҲѾ˿ɣɵİ£һɫ޵Ŀۣƣ½Ű͸ֻĸо
΢΢ȵĿ⣬θһˣżЦƳһۣСʦÿң
Ȼһһǰɫɺ˺ڣƳһĽףĵʦֵ𣿡
θЦͽ£ĬĬƳһͷʦ֣ȴöƽߣֱ壬һǰĲ豭·ר־Ʒģ
ȻЩЦ͸ӿ϶νĻȥ˾Ǳʦָ˶ѡ
ʦֱ˵ûͶθ裬ҲǵĶʦֻˡ
ֻһ£֪ģʦֺͶʦӦѹϵʦôģ
ʦֵıԽ˷ĿɣҲȫûʦ
ԽĺЧӦ
ţȻһߣתͷһۣͿһȺ绨ŮӴȥˣмǸŮǹɵСʦ
ӣܲ˵صһۡ
θע⵽֮İЦʣСʦúԹˣ
ȻҲ֪ȻΪûڼǺ㿴һۣȻǸ׷ˡ
ӦѾȥҹˣʱԸ˼֣ܿתƺ뿴
θĿתһȦ·𿴵ʲô飬Ц
лҪ˵ϽŸڶôôա

 35 

Ȼ֮, Ҳûȫ˷Ȥζ
ϯڷŵζҲͷʳ𲻴󣬲Ǿ⴦ģ̺, ֮˵岢𺦡
ĵӻƮƮĸ, ֮ȣϯķΧ˼֡
ЩӦöǵһβμ, ˴֮Ҳʶ, ̸Цڶ
ȻȴͷһЩع۲Щˣ߻˸²֪Ϻʳ׾֪Щ˸Եݡ
֪ʦֲһҲûμӹŴ, ɾΪʦͬһ꣬ʦֺնŴһսɽ
ʱԾĵڶɵ½, ʦֳ֮ǰ½ǰһŴĵһˡ
ɷĽֻ˱ԣܿͽԺ, ʱȴѾ, ȴѡ
, һӵа֮, ȻҲ°빦
һ;ļᶨִܱȣǸʲô鶼ˡ
˺ܼ, Ҳܿ¡
ʦܽ˴ҲǺˡ
½һֱҪʦٴζԾθ, ΪѾ꣬ʦֲ֪ô꾹ˡ
Ȼ, ֮û꣬Ŵĵһɽĸϣȴ֮һΡ
ҲΪִҪ֮ٴζԾԭ
ȻĬĬһǱ˰ޱ½裬ǸѲĶ֣Щģ׼꣬ҿʦһ춼򲻹ɣ
ԣθͺȻЦˣһۣ·˵ʲôЦƵġ
Ȼʲô˼ȴȻ½ߵ𣿡
Ȼʵڿ½ʱע⵽ˣΪرÿر̬עĿ·֪ԼƵġ
ŵĶӹ⣬츳ôҲͻСθЦֻߣǰͷŻ˵ʦֳΪһɽһˡ
ȻͲ֪˵ʲôˣҪսʦֵ˻ͦġ
˭ʤʦֱɽĵһˣĺ˾˭ҪθȻתͷһۣ˫һ۾ͷЩٵЦ⣬ھͲͬˡ
Ȼʣﲻͬ
СʦãʦֵͬʦãɾСͽܡǴ˵ȥҲͦӵģ
Ȼ΢΢Ƭ̣СӮʲôӣ
⻰θĲ豭һ٣Ȼսؿͺ˵ʲôֵĻƵģȲѵصСʦãǲǶСʲô⣿
Ȼ
һʱ֪
*
ϯʱҹɫѾˣ紵ڵϣһѹúܵ͡
Ȼ͸оЩˣʱ紺ů͵ġ
ʱŵĴһ磬ϳʦֵģμϯʲôԭϵҹġ
Ȼлӹ磬ȥʦֺʦһسȹȴת˵ͬԼһȥ̸ˡ
ȻҲһƣ͸оЩˣԼȻȥ
Сʦãҡȥ͢Ȼڣһ˿ײĽš
Ȼ˳˫ںڸɾ۾ܾʱ˫Ư۾жʧ䣬һ˲
סĵطʵҲڣȴǽˣǲͬ·ġ
֪οڵʱȴȻһĵ˭ң
Ȼ䲻һ㿴ϹԲ֪ĶðվԱߣɫƺҲ˾ƣԵġ
Ȼȴ˿͢ǺϹһȥϹԽԼŪˣסĵطҲһ
͢Ȼûоܾƺ˵һ֡
Ժ󣬳Ȼ££ǰͷˡ
*
ϵִԲ·ʹڹֿ̧֮ɴƵģµɫҲ
ȻС·ţڿҪȹʱ򣬺Ȼǰͷɽĵط˵
סŲվڼɽߵľȻʦޱվǶ¹üϣ
ǰվŵȴɪϣɪҲûɫȹˣʦʱܻᴩñȽ὿ЩȻʦûעʲô
ɪﻹһʳУȻʦͳԵġ
ȻҲΣϾͳԵ⣬ӦҲʦİ취ˡ
˿ǰţɪ϶ˣλǿɣΨһϲģϴڽóͽҲ
ĬĬػ·ߣҲ֪ʦ϶ᷢģΪôϵ߾Ͳģ˭֪ûü̧أʦڲԶ𣺡̶
Ȼ̾˿ֻתȥһʦ𡱡
ǵ߹ˣתͷɪϣԺ󲻱͸ˡ
ɪһʳеָ˽ҿɾ
üͷ΢·Ϊʲô˵Ƶģ仰Ӧʡ
ɪϱ齩סʲô˼
ǵ㲻֪ĳպܲԼԣΪʲôһҪҳԣ
Ȼɪϻл㱵סЦ⣬ұ֤ʦ˵⻰ʵΪòóԣϾĿζ൱޵ġ
ɪƿԣƺǱ˵ˣǵЩͣԺû㣬㲻عˡ
ɪϵɫˣǿŲ¶һ˿ǱݶĸоΪߵŮĴڶøǿңָⶼݽȴƽǣ֪ˡ
˵꣬ɪϱתˣֻ֮ǰȴһЩ˳Ȼһۡ
Ȼ΢

ʲô£
*
Ȼоʦɪǰޣͬһߵ·ϣЩƵصʦɪϵ⣬治֪װ֪
⣿ǽŲ΢٣һۣͷǾĲ
ȻĬƬ̣оʦѹû˼̲ס͵˵ָϲʦ𡣡
ǵͷ·û뵽Ƶģ䲻̶ϲһ𣿡
ȻĻһθˣҲûϲʦ𣡡
ǿԣֻ˫ڵȴһĥ͸ĸоͺʲô֪һֱܸ߳С
ס˲û¶ӣ򶨵վŲʦҲֻһѡ
ûоûУ̶ʲôǼǰߣɫȻƽҲһʶѣο
ȻڱǾ仰ŵĿֱԣ̲סʣοʲô
ǽŲסתһۣ˵ôԣûϵ
Ȼסʦ仰ʲô˼
ôԡָϲҲԣ
ɶס˽ŲеŮִҪʦ۱ôŰᶨƣǲҲʦйأ
ֻҪ룬ôԡ
Ļϲ仰ȷӵɶ˻ħ
˵ĻǱԵʻıԷϵȻ£
Щʱоʦ·ʲôףʱȴ־·ʲô֪˸оʮìܡ
͸ЩľʲôףôǰĽʦֶġûһ
ˣȴȥҲδ̫ˡ
ϲ᲻ҲĿյµأ
Ͼһֱ˼ҵʦһϿ̵ӦҲĸġ
ȻԽԽľȴֲ֪ǲԼˣʦҲֻ˵ôһѣȴһӷɢ˼άôࡣ
ʱҲͣ˽ŲתͷĿȴȻϵ϶£̶𣿡
ȻеĲɣԣҡҡͷ
Ǳ˵ͷվǰ䣬Ҵ𣿡
ȻɫЩƬ̺󣬲ŵ⡣
Ȼʦˣϸؽ´ϵ˸ᣬԼʵʵǰˡ
ĬؿţЩ΢ʦôܵ
Ȼ˰ɣ


 36 

Ժӭ˵һֵıԡ
һֿ, ȻóҲûϣͷӦûǿɣɵʦˡ
ϹȻһ, һ;Ǽһ
ÿ֮˶Ļ, ԱμűԵҲܶࡣ
ʦֺͳʦ˶ûвμűԡ
һΪԳأȻǡɺϹԷֵͬһ, ɺϵϹֻ֮һСʦõľ롣
ȻҲû뵽, ֻһ·۾ͷƵĿһۣתͷȥͬϹԴˡ
ʵϣֹ, кöŮӶ͵͵ϹԣֻǾԶѡ
ǽ˺üһǸϹԣʡ
Ϲվûͷ΢΢, ڵĳס
Ƭ̣û˻شǵ羴֮ľͱΪŭÿɣɵ˶, ̲ס˵𣿡
Ϲȴζûлһ, һơ
ȻͲܿѾ˯, վ˯ıҲһ, ȥ㿪ڵԾҪʼ, ء
ǼϹĿЩŭ, ˼淴֮ƫƫҪУֻûĸ첲ͱȻˣתͷ˳Ȼһۡ
Ȼ͵ûע⵽, һ򶨵վڵ¯ǰϡ
˵ʲôȴȻ˵ʲô̧ͷһȴѡǹɵĵ¯ϣ΢΢õؿֻð
*
Ŀɳǩģ鵽ʲôҩʲôҩһűԵĳɼҲмĳɷͷ
һ˵õ˱ƫ֮ˣЩ鵽ѵĿĵҲԹֻԼôԼȡ˺óɼҲǲᱻѡгΪ˵ġ
Ȼ鵽Ԫ
ԪȽϳõĵҩˣ֮޸ԪĶ
ƲȽϷȴܼ򵥣ȻȻʵʲĴ٣СɽҲûе¯ɹϰ
˺ܶ飬ҲܺãƷǵ
ѡҪĲʱߺȻ̫ʻɣɵģеĿʲô
̫ˣѡеľȻѶȼܸߵĻ굤̲ס뿴˵ʲôͺˡ
ǣȹŮȴԹԵѡŲϣ·Ϲһ˵Ƶġ
ɻЩɣɵ̫ˣûܹȴһξ˸
̲ס嵽ǰס֣תͷʱ򣬵ѵ˵𣿡
ȻԼֳ˳˵ӣȵôɣɵĵӣô֪ڽң
װģ
Ҫȴֳֿ˹̬ȿЩֻеҧгݵ̹еĿʲô
ȻȴͷҲֻ̧˾䣺ٵҵʱ䣬Ͼ͸ùȥˡ
㡭òУȴע⵽ѡĲмԪŻеģŵؿ鵽ľȻ򵥵Ķ
ҲûãҶѾʼƵҩˣֻҲԼλãţôҲʮˣܱԱǸСҪðɣ
*
ûԱԺ󣬳ȻעӼˣܿͽĲӳƺˣһһŽ˵¯ƿŻ
֮Եŵҩ¯ˡ
տһԱߣϹѾˣĶڵģȴԵˮ˫ϸҲԳ˼רעĹʡ
ӷ·𱻹˲ľϹԵǺټġ
ȻջĿ⣬ֵһͼӴ˻ŵҩ¯
¯ڶԼŵ¯ڴĵҩζӦǿˣҿ˵¯ĸӣͷȥ¯ڵĵҩ
ֻ¯ƣѬ⧲Сĵ˵ҩ棬ҩƺһ׹⡣
Լǲǿۣˮã
ӽȿˣŽҩȡ˳עһ
ԪˣԪƷ࣬źۺĹԪֻ࣬ǷúĹЧΣͲ֪ˡ
ԪŽԱ׼õװҩľ̧˲ͷϸ
*
ڵҩһҲóοôõĵҩĸ꣬Ͻ̹Щǲˡ
ʱȴ̲סעߵˡ
ϹԾͲ˵ˣҲǺģȲҲʲôƽĸо
ǿɣɵСʦá
˵ʮűɾΪͽܣҲѡ
ʱٶȾȻϹԻҪ죬ԥŶûУͺ˵һܼ򵥵Ƶġ
ۿųȻĵҩѾƳɹˣԼȴҪЩ϶ûн
ɲ뱻һʮСȥһʱļɴ಻߶ʮһƾԼĸо
ʲôץŶ¯ͷţҲһôҪһŵҩˡ
вϷ˽ȥոս¯ǸȥʱͺȻо¯ζžͿʼѿˣƺͷӿһҪ¯ըƬ
ĵã̷𣬺˺Զ㿪Ȼըĵ¯ȴȫûҪԵˡ
óȻӦ죬ڵ¯зӦʱͷ˲ԣæһߵϹȴϹȫԼĶûһ˿ͣͺң·ûĻ
˼Ѿȥڵ¯ը˲䣬ſһ罫ϹԶ档
¯Ȼըͷ׷Ƭڵ˶һ
ЩӻרעԼֻΪŶüͷ
ڿɣɵĵӼ״ȫΧ£˹
Сʦãʦ֣żصû£û˰ɣ
ȻûԼʲôˣϹȴƺ¯ը˶ûע⡣
ؿѾʸŵЩɣɵҲ߿ض
οŵڵǹɺɵλϡ
ȿɣɵ˷ɵĳϾȳ˽ȥұ֤һһĽ
˼ҳ϶˵ˣǿɣҲòӣοܶ˵ûɣֻȷ»Լλá
ֲǹģϳϺЩɣɵӵֲ˵ˣֻίˡ
*
ڰԺ󣬹ɵĳϱ¯ըĲоָʰˣ»ָһȾ
ȻתͷϹԣû±ȳȥˡ
ʱȴϹԽ¯ˣ۾ЩƺмϲӣҩȡСŽľ
ȻŵһζѾ˵ҩ̲סʣʦ֣ĵҩô㣿
£㱻һָֻס˿ڱǣϹתͷǻ㡣
ȻˣҲǵҩܶĵҩˣԻļ䣬ҲεԼǰЩ˼Ҫ¾ε˱Ƚá
˻Ժе»оĻص˹ȥһ㡣
Ȼֻŵһ㣬оЩ˯ˣﲻЩϹĵҩȻǷͬһġ
ͬϹһ𽫵ҩ˳ϣ˵⣬ͷĿ¶ˣӱҲѶˡ
ѵʱ٣˺ˡ
ȻϹҪȥĶȥ߶ˣնסŲоһ
ϹҲͣͷļϣܸߣӵ̬ǽȦ˻Ƶģ޶ԳĿζ
ȻҪƿȴȻ˼ϵɳƵص𶯣˯
ƣͺۼƵģûа˼ͺľ׮Ƶġ
Ȼͳ£ʣʦ֣û˯𣿡
Ƭ̣ϹԵţһҹû˯
Ļش𣬳ȻרעӣΪۼˣȥЪȴѾļ˯ˡ
ͷʱԿĽëŨͦ׵ķɫֺÿмֹ˯̬˶Ľƿ
վž˯ŵıµôģ
Ȼվû뵽˵Լһҹû˯ܿһΪ׼Ӧۼ˲ŻվŶ˯Űɣ
ϢһСٽ
ʱȴȻмֳɡȵ𣺡Сʦãʲô
˹ȻʶصСʦ˯ˡ
ıЩ죬һֿۣ˿ϵϹһۣмַĿ˼صΪҪ˯
Ȼ͵ʦһҹû˯ֺķô۰
ı͸ˣ·ʲô췽ҹ̷ƵģһϹԵıӰһҹû˯һЦ˯ñ˭ñ˭ǳȥڴأ
ȻĬĬƬ̣ǱϹԸˣ
ôȻ۾գ˵Ϲ
޿̵һѽ˯ϹԸƿˡ
ϹԱƿ󻹷·γѣգգ۾ɫ˼ãȻ
Цʦ֣ƭСʦ˵һҹû˯ؿ㻹޳
ԣϹƬ̣˿תͷ˿ЩСʦãĬƬ̣һĽ͵ʦҡ
Ȼҳһźƭ𣿡
ôãȻ޹ıһغ˵ģ
Щʦѵֻ͢ʦǸɵ


 37 

ԵĽڵġ
ǽŵĵӶټ, ڹ
ʦֺͳʦΪûμαԣ˱Ҳûй
Թģλ, ǰϰڷŵǰʮƵĵҩ
ûйְɢ, ޳ɵʱѾǺϵˣڱֵģҲ˵̬, ѩ, ݴ飬žǺܺƵˡ
ֻṫǰʮΣӵĳɼɸԵŻȥԺ֪ͨǡ
ȻŵݺܺƣҲº, ÿһֵʱ򣬵µĵǰȴ·Ҫ˵ʲôܿµһ
Źǰ֮ǰȻɣɵ, ͢ǵھǵûбĿɣɵˡ
ҲֻпɣĿǰǰʮռεģûĵһӦҲǿɣɵϹԵġ
ɵĵӲͶ˼ĽʵĿ⡣
ɫȴ, ǹɵĿǰΪֹȻһǰʮҲû, תͷһۿɣɵĳȻ, ΪҲͬԼһûʲô, ܲ١
ǰʱס˺, ŴʦһҪǰ
ȻǹһǰʮĶû, ǵöඪأ뱻ȻЦ뱻Ц
ȥҹȴ涼, ô
ʲôע⡣
ʧǵȻɵ½裬ǱߴһɧǷ˸İۣƽɾˡ
͵˸ʲôõģ
ԱСʦõı飬ЩΣЩ
ȴ˳Ʊסĸ첲עЩŵɫǵЦʦģڶȻġ
ȴֻһЦԴ˲ʲôϣóǽҩһǲôĵġ
µʱŵǸʱıͽסˣŵؿţ·鶼Ҫɳˡ
ڶȻǳȻ
ǸֻС
ԼǲǶ⣬˵ʦˣԼҲȲȻģ
ȷȻƵľǺƽԪѣֵҩܼ򵥣ôҲܵõڶɣ
뵽źͳȻʦʦֹϵôõӣһ¾վ߿صǵڶһˣ
ĻŸҪĵһ֣ҲĻˣǾ⣬ǾɵŮӾȻɱԵĽ
ЩһģǸɵĳһֳģԵĹƽ
ǧû˸ɹϾž͸гϰǹɵĳһ
ȻҲû뵽ԼõڶԼƵĵҩƽȻѡΪڶǾͲǸˣܻû뵽ɡ
Լ˽һʣҲɵ飬Ȼں˳˿ɲһһȺִɣ˶ڹɵĹ۸Ҳ֪
Ƣã⻰ɫҲ΢΢
ŵɫһӾͳȵס죡
һ£ûĸı˵ǵôӺ۾̾ͺˣίֻֿţȴȫԼˡ
˻ס֪߻Ǻ¶΢΢֣Ҫֳʲôӡ
Բ𣬲ĻɴǸĿ⻷һȦϣСŮҽ߻˲ſں˵ŲҪϣɡ
ſһϻв֮ɫϾЩЦ⣬ûϵλСʾ͸ҲǺ¸ҵġ
⻰£漴˼ֵ֮ɫɫѿĸһۣ·˵Ŷû
ŵĻȴ齩סˡ
ǿԵģ֤ݾƶ˽۾δˡ˵𱸵Ļŵ鿴ºͶģҲܺΪεڶɾСͽܣǲǣ
˻һۣһҲȷЩɻʱĸɾСͽܳΪСС;ܵ˵ڶ
ѵ͸Ϲһ츳ô
ȻȻɻҲֻĴ棬ǻɽ˴
ʵȻҲܺ棬վʦš
Ա¥ϺĵǣθվԱߣɫȴҲûУЦ£˫һЦٶ飬ͷ·ȡøõĳɼƵġ
ŽȻƵĵҩľȡ˳ǰŵһЩӲ鿴һСѵ˵Ҳã˵ҲƵȴҲ׳ʵԪֵҩƷҲǽǰʮġ
ǰŵĵҲóöҩƷŵĻ̲סɻʣöԪΪŵڶ
ȻҲţƵҲףԼֻոģѹûõڶΡ
Цһ۹ɵҩŵ³ϣȻҲɹԼɱȽϺá
³ϻ⣬΢΢һףվöԪʳָĴָ֮䣬ٸ˸˿ɽƷԪһʱڻָ֪ɣ
˱ʮ֮塣
һһѾЩ²⣬ӦöԪָܻʮ֮ߵ
ƽıЩ仯ģôԺиѸٻָĵҩˡ
³˵ĽȴȫˣƽöҩһʱھָܻеһȦƿԵˣϣڣûɾͽܵ˰ɣ
ѻȸͬʱȴЩ֮еĸо
ϾɾѾһž޵ɽһ˵ĴͽܣôټһƳƷԪСͽҲȻ顣
һ˿޵ϾǲһҲŬϣȴһһصĲ࣬Ǿֻķݶˡ
ֻԼûǻԵܳΪɾͽܡ
ɫѿˣͺһƵģо˵岻䳰ҪѾҪŶˡ
Ȼȴûϲ֮ɫΪ֪ļɺͷ߳˲СĵһˮԪѸٻָԭ
ȻֺѲ˹ϵ
ȻǷֺ֮ķ˲ͬȻ߷֮Щ΢Ӱ졣
Ȼ̺ĹЧôѪأ
ǲҲӰˣ
Щľ֪ˣܾͲԭʶٱ飬嶼ܱá
ȻƽϻȻƽӡ
³ϼҶ˵ˣ΢΢Ц˳ȻȻǱ˼ҵŮӣˣ³϶ǺϲģѯܲܽҩƷߴ츣ɽ硣
ȻûڣǰͷһֱĬʦʱȻܾС
˿ɾȴɾɫȻֽŵڵط⴫
ŻȻѹһʮСĵҩԭɾԽ̵ЩҪʦ͸Ӵˡ
ԼǲУ˭һûмˣ˵ͱɾأ
СȥԺű㽫һҲˣѾκξˣҶܲµǿɣɵϹԡ
ҩϵǰʮɣɾѾռĸˣҿſɣɵķ򲻽ȣҪǿɣɲͽǶתͶɣˡ
*
ɢԺ󣬳Ȼǻ˳ȹ
ڵڵ£Լһ裬һԺ󣬲ſŮվڵڣҲûڣ·ûע⵽ַ·ÿڵԼ
ȻƬ̣ؿʦɫʵšʦΪҪ˵Ļ
ǡ֪ЩʲôΪڻƵģƾԼûô׹ء
ⲻԼ֮ǰĴ⣬ʦ᲻ᡭʲô֪
һ㣬ûʲôҧһڣŷ·˵ʲôƵĿһۣķҽ̵ģ
ûȻɫֻǡѵķĵҩ
ȴ·治ЩʲôǵƵģüͷ΢ǻʲô⣿
ʦ鵭Ȼ·ʲôֵñסƵģҲԵġ
Ȼﻹʮȷʦǲ֪Щʲô˿Ҳȥֻõͷסͷɻ󣬵ûʲôˡ
µʱȴֺȻǵǰ
ȻƬ̧̣ͷһۣǾɣüĿ续³Ǳѩɵһ㡣
΢΢ͷǰʦкηԸ
ʱһֻҲ·˪ѩ޳쵽ǰﻹһ滨⡣
㻹ɢżȵζ
Įġ
ȻЩãȻؽ˹˵ڶʦĽһ顭滨⣿
ǵϹԵ˵һԺʦ𲢲ʲôǻеؿ̸ٽ
ʦͱ˼ҵʦһҲһ
Ȼ鸴ӵؽӹ˸㣺лʦǵӱˣ
̶ȴȻһ
Ȼû̧ͷ͸оͷ϶һֻůĵ˼ĸо漴ʦѵмֵɤ
úܺãʲôҪģʦ𡣡
Ȼһ˵һǡ֣Ҫ˾ѴǰĻһѾ˵Ҫˡ
ǰƺ˵Ļġ
ֱ߳ȥʱʦ𷽲Ŷ˵ĻȻЩл㱵ġ
ʦȻǱ˼ҵʦһúãô͵ҪʲôоһȴҲӿ͸ʦˡ
ΪһҲʱȴֻһʵĴ
ֻҪֻʦһţԶţӦҲͲԭľˡ


 38 

Сʦõ˵ڶϢ, ǴӱͬʦǶ˵ģû⣬СʦƵԪһʱھ˻ָʱ, ʶؿһ¡
ʦʱĳϸϸ˵һ, ֪Ӧã̲סСʦ˼ġ
˲֪, ֪ܲ
Сʦò, Ҳ̹һЩķ
治ôģοǺйصĵҩô޷ɡ
ɾ²ڵӾȻܾ˱ҪƵҩķбضйŹ֡
˸Ҫ, ֻʣµʱˣ޷ûȥôɱСʦ, Ҳ
Сʦɾͽܣ˵Ŀҵʲôɾ᲻Ὣ齻ˣ
Ͼͷ·Ű׹鶼óɾʲôô
ţ׼ҹȥһСʦõķ
ԪضʲôĲ, ʲôķ, еĻ, ɣﲻһҲû
*
ҹ˴Ҷ˯Ժ, ĳ޵ڳȹķȥˡ
֪ɾ֮ס⹬, жʱرС, ԼϢˡ
ǱˣɾǱ߻ҸӦȥܹϴǱҲûɾ, ֮ȴǸǸģҪԸȥͺˡ
ǣԽʲôƫƫԽҪʲô
ûСʦõķ䣬ŸոյķͷԺͿ˷·ͺСʦſڵİӰԷҲû˿ȵɫӰЦˡ
ʦΪ
ıֻһ˲漴ҲЦˣ·ר̹һ㣬ЦȻ˯ţʦ̸һ֡
ô֮ÿɷЦЦȴȻһơ
ܣӭȥһƣ漴˶΢΢ˣ漴ȵ˵ϣ֪ԷѾģͲµҪʲôõġ
ϻǲ¶ɫɻʦǺ⣿
̬֮ȻһЦʦܲ𣿡̧Ŀ·͸˺ڰֱģܸ׵ģ
ɫ΢䣬Ǹµ̬Ҳɢˣ˼ء
֪֮һҲ֣֮ͬܵһ֮ҪҲ練ơ
ֻǣȽϾ֮Ȼ湤Ҳˣֱӵݣ
Ƭ̣ĿСʦõķ䣬·ʲô
ʦֻǽСʦñõˮ¶֪ݵĻҪΪСʦˡ
ʦôܻᰮһˣοСʦûģҲʦֺСʦõദ˾һ޼䣬ûа˼
ԡǽСʦõһô
̫ĥ͸Сʦõĸ鵽һ֣ȷ֮ڣͲ̤Сʦõӣֲľ۷ȥ
£ʦִμŴģȻҲûҪμӡԡʦҲΪɣ
ΪѰ䣬Ѿ䡢塢嶼˸飬ȴҲ˿ټ
Ǵڤ춯֮۱ڤǵת˲ŵĸӦһԡ
ʾܻܿڽŴ֮ϡ
ԣܿɽҲһ֮ɣôض᲻
עǰЩŸɵˣĿǰ쳣ҲСʦһѣػɾͽܡ
¼һôܿɡ
أ֮ҲΪѰŴᣬܲû㲻
֮ûзϣҲûϣֻĿ⿴ƽ͵ؿºСʦûϵ
Ҳƺƽͣȴ˸оƽ͵֮ڲصΣϢ
˵ɣ뽫Сʦǣ棬һСʦѾǣ˽أ
ҲǿСʦóģȻҲСʦñǣҲ˿鶼ûо֮ȫժȥ
ţ̲סûϵʦֺαҲ̽
£ȴֳ֮ˣȴûɱ֣Ǹһѡ
ȴϾʹ˷˱㽻֣֣ȴ涯˼ֻ
˵ûϵûϵ֮˼ֵƽʱһһ
Ҳ
Ҳ˺ƽǸЦůαװЦһƻӳȥƾʲôҷʩ浱͸һǲǣ
֮һƣδϵĺڷȴЩҵƮԵâ¶
ʱںȻ˽ŲŲؽӽűߣƺСʦͷĶ鿴ˡ
ڶŵ˽һ
ΪԷҪϽߵ˼ߵʱ򣬷žͺȻˣ֪ǺʱϺȻһֻֽס߶߲ˡ
漴ֵֻ˵ƽº͵𣺡Сʦãˣ

ôװôȥϷ
*
Ȼ˯ͦõģͷʲôѣǷǴ̲סô¡
Ժ㿴ʦֺͳһЩֵվԺʦִֵڳϣһֻȴ˳ȥ·Ҫȴֱ˸˻
ȻĬƬ̣̲סʣʦ֣ſʲô
֮ջ˴ڳϵ֣ɫ¡
ǡ𣿡Ȼں˳
¶һЦݣ۽ǵ붼·˼֣԰ðۣҪƱ¾ͺöˡ
Ȼһۣ㻹£
Ϳһ鵭֮ʦʢôþܾ
Ȼ
ǹϵǺܺãҲûкõµĵزɣ
ҡһʦ¹ڳӣۻôɾ࣬ͷЩˣڳ⣬½ɢЩ
ԣ֮ǰĶӦû˾Ժͷˡ
ԣ˶֪ڴܣ˵ԭˡ
ȻҲװûʲôתݣʦȴȻ££ڼϵ£еصҹ䣬ԺϾͱˡ
Ȼ˵ͷ
֮ȴֺȻ֣һСƿӣƿӵݸľï߳ʲôҲر࣬ۻƷǵĴ㱻ŵ
ȻһЦ⽩סĳƿӣʦЦ£ллʦ֣Ҽˡ˵ţ£ˣɫҲˣλʦҲЩ˯ɡ
֮ͳЦŵ˵ͷȳȻｫºԺ˵Цݾʧˡ
Цһۻ𣿡
֮һ𣿡
˵Ժ˾һԲضƬ̣·ڰؽƵģ˭Ҳ·硣
˻֮ȿ˿ڣû㿪ЦСʦûϵǽǣڿһˣҲͳһ֮ǰȽ㡣
ȻҲóģȻվڵжԵҲĽѵģԱЩˣҪȴЩǡ
ɣֵ֮޹ؽҪˣȥɵ½衢ɵˡ
һ
֮ûǶ˵ú쳣ô
ԣӵؿһ֮л
֪ض֮ĽСʦãҲὫ
*
ڶûκαԣô׼ڶıԵʱ䡣
ÿ˶׼緹Ȼ鵤ô򵥵Ķ񷲼һ緹ڸбã̺Ҳá
׼ֶǺܷʱͲϵģԣԼɵʱΪ˽ʡʱ䶼ֱӳ鵤עʲôڸ֮
Ȼǲںʲôڸ֮ģȻʦ緹⡣
ʦֳԺԺʦ𶼻ڳԣȺʦһȥͷߡ
߳˳ȹڹſ˴ǸĹŻˡ
˶ĵ¯ը˳ȻǸһöƷҩ
̬ȺܺãһɵţϿҵصǸԺ󣬳ȻȻҲܸɫѿʾԼû·ϡ
˵̬ȴûɣҪȵ֮ҲԭС
֮ȴվڳȻԣû˵̬ƽʶ˷
±Щ㷵ģ֪֮ˣȻ֪ʲôݣƾɽʵҲõġ
˲ؿһŮʾڵǸ
ҧҧ꣬һֱŵǸʱķ޷̬ǸҲûС
֮ȴЦˣС£Сʦö˵ˣȻҲƽϡ
Ȼº͵̲סһۣ治Ļֿòùֵɣ
ʦں˼ˡ
ȻһȴʦֵʵȻˣҪߡ
ʲôһ˿ҪߣȻҲǸǿʦֵˣ̲סʦأʦֲǸ˵ˡ
ʱǿԱܵÿģϹûĽ籣ˡ
˵ĽŲһ٣ע⵽֮Ŀ⣬ϵһȻҲǸġ
*
Ժ󣬳Ȼͬʦһɢ
ϵľɫҲ£һ˿˿紵ζ
ѵõϾʱ⣬Ȼ㽫֮ǰԼʦ˵ˡ
֮·ʲôѲĵظһһ͡
ȻҲš
˵Ժ֮ȴֺȻ˵ڶ飬Ҫʲô
ȻĽŲͶסˣЩ磬һҲҪʲô֪ԼѪо޴İһ£ɲһһһˡ
ע⵽üɫ֮ɫʣôˣ
ȻҪܸʦ֣ͲضԱܵѹҲ֪˭ҲܸߣֻԼɿġ
ĬƬ̣ЦˣûʲôֻҪʲôѡ
֮һۣ΢Ҫ˵ȴȻǰʲô
ȻҲѭĿ⿴ȥ㿴վڻԱߣй߰ؾЩ䣬˺飬һ߻ʲô
ЩȻҲϵ˾Ĵģʱȴ̤
ȻҪֹ֮ȴһۣҪ
Ȼֱ˿ڣҪʦҪʲô
*
֮ԭأԼȴķ߹ȥˡ
һ漴ĿصĲл棬˼ͻңʦ֣ǲҪȥ״
֮ȴ΢΢һЦɾºͣ˵Ҳ԰ΪҪ״ҲǹŪЩġ
£ϵĽ䱸ͽˣҲ࣬ô֪Ҳǹģ
ָ֮˻ԱԵһ俪޵ĻƽصһˣݲЩ
ûĴݹһµ֮˵⻰ʱûҲȻƽˣ˵ٻӡ
о·иط£·оԼ˵һҲֻмɻ󣺡ʦ֡ôΪ𣿡
֮һۣ΢΢һЦȻҡ
ˣмŮ棬΢΢ƫͷҡʲô
֮ʦϲıˮŮӡ
ȻᵽĿֱоܺߣȴ̲סؿɡʦֲҰ
֮ؿƬ̣ЦˣһΪﻹᣬҲ
ŻȻ򣬾˵úеҲԾἫˣǡʦ־Ҹô
֮Ŀɨ˵ϵĲл̾ϢҲȽЩлʰ׵
һصĲл·Ƶոˣֻ鲻á
֮û֣֪
ˣ֤Ժ󲻻ˣлʦѡ
*
֮Ժ󣬳Ȼ⾪ؿһֿۣ˿ѾڹԹʰлʮϸĵĵʮɻ󲻽⡣
ߵ·ϣ̲סʣʦ֣˵ʲôˣ
֮赭дͿ䡣
ȻŲסЩţͿ䣬ͱô
֮ҲסŲСﲻǺ弸ˣ
ȻһǽƢֻ˳ԽǷԽǲ
֮ô˵ȴЩŤʦֺûôҡ
֮ͿһЦ£ȻȻͺ
ȻУʦֶˣôԲң
֮ĬƬ̣·ЩΪƵĵȻȻϿԿĵط̫ˣһʱҲҲӺ֣ô죿
ȻʦЦķЩˡ
һȿʮ䶼ҪƮƮȻʮãЩ̲סôߵشսڴأ
֮չŮ¹һͷ𪣬ɫڴѹѹס
Ůڴĵ΢ָޱߵͷ΢΢ͷĿ΢·һͷͿƵģ˵ľһϢײķʽ
ȻȫûвʲôΣգһĵĴ𰸡
ʱԶȴȻ˽Ų㿴ʦֵһ٣漴Ҳ˼΢漴վֱһָԶ
ôʲô
Ȼ
Ҳûý
֮·ģĳصСҪ֣Ҫ۰Ͱ͵䣬ȻҪ
Ļ¡
˵ˣȻʶʣʲô
ʱļλȴѾ߽ˣǣ֮ͬ˺ã֮Ҳǵͷ
ǹȥԺ֮ɺЦǱҲЦ⣬ҪңԼû𣿡
ȻǵЦȻ
Ц
Ȼʦ˵ҲûӷҪ˿ҲȷЦЩ
ʦֿʦֶϣʦȴ
ƫģ


 39 


ڶǹıˡ
ȻȻԼӦò̫ŴϾͳΪԤѡ, ܲܽǰһһҪһԣŬһһͳɹأ
Ѿ˵ڶ
Сɽʱ, ʦٽʲô, Լʱࡣ
ϵ֪ʶҲϤȻʦôѧʶ, Ҳͦ, Ҳܽ鱳ˡ
һֿԻֻʦֺͳʦûвμӡ
ҪΪϿɵˣһҪϵȫﵽһˮƽĳһﵽ͵ĵزҲпܱѡеġ
ȻѡгΪԤѡԺ, ͨ٣Ҳֻӵ˵ݣҪõõְλҪġ
, Ϊ֮·ǼֵĶӮҡ
û£ָֻûʲôвˡ
۱Ҫ³Ϊûʶ, ҲֱӸɷԼλ
Ȼûȥ, Ϳһ, Ҳ඼ԼΪı׼
󲿷׼ľҪ, Ϊ˽ʡʱѡһ鵤⡣
ԣ˱û, Ե˿ԼȥǱȡ
ʱ, Ȼȥˣʦֶԣʦȴѡ񲻳Եġ
, ʦʳ﷽رϸҲرܣһݳĲ˵ҪʳﶼͨķʳҪκ⴦Ҳرס
*
Ȼ˳˵ĵһƷҩΪлĵӼûҪ·ΪɾһٷѾĶƵģֻҪһ¡ɾԺÿٷ˶
ڳĻҲŵģҪȻҲֻôӦ
óɾˣܿкܶ羴ɾĵӣᵽɾʱ۾Ｘй
Ȼ᲻ˣϾʦѾϰˣݵλյȵﶼʲôرĸˡ
Ҫһʱ䣬Ȼȳȥͷתת
*
ľ¼ûһǲÿģһƬֻơɽˮĵط
˳һС·ת˳ȥͷԼɵӾסĵطſڻʱɵľƱʶ
ʱͷܰûʲô⼸Ϊɵĵӹ̺ܽϸÿʱҪѡĵصϦǱߵ滨
ȻתسʱȴȻ·һͷһˣ˭ʱҲ֪ΪʶؾͶԱߵļɽ档
ŽŹǰɫƣú߹ǳʦ֣۽ǿźбʶȵܺϡ
߽˿һ˵ɵӾסĹŴӼɽ˳
ʦʲô
֪ܲɴ˿ûڵģôǹû˵ʱģ
ϴȥʦ͵飬Щ²⡣
ŹſڵЩ΢ʦֿǺůֱˣôȴЩ͵͵˵飿
Ҳ̫Υˡ
*
ȻԵ׵ݣ̲סȥҪŪҪʲô
ܴҳϴץԭ
ȻһȫϢĵҩŸȥƾԼΪǲܲġ
߽Ժ󣬳ȻͿһԥҲûоƿҲһӽȥˡ
Ȼ˭ӡ
ȻһգۼʹԺƵǼӵĴ¡
͸ڵĴ﷭ʲôҲСģʲôԺֻԭŻȥȻӡ
ɺ棬Ҫʲô
˻İ裬ͷŵһɫʱ򣬾׹ɵ½ӡ
ҲͿ½ģƺͦģҲûʲô֮Ķ
ʦ־ǷͲ䣬ЩСȴڸı䣬ûþɾͲ˵ġ
֪Ϣ½ĸǸ֪ˣĸѾˣסʲôǮбˣƽװҲ庮ӡ
ʦ־ȻҶֱ̫ɥĲˡ
۲ʱȴȻԺ⴫˽ŲǽŲȻܿ죬ҪȥѾˡ
ʱĳȻҲ˶͵ƿƺһܡ
һ򿪴ͬµĳȻ˸棬¡
ϾҪ̤ŵĽŲȻɲͳһ𱻵ץˣҸطͱס˸첲Ҳ֮ϡ
˼ҺȻͻ״ȻӦأҲңﻷһȦ׼ǽһõĹӣͷһ˽ȥͬʱ÷ӵ˻ȥ
˴濴ʱͲῴʲôˡ
һԺ󣬳˿תͷһͶŮһѾ
Ҳû뵽ȻֱײˣҲЩ޴棬ǹ򶨵صУҲ͵ġ
Ҳ֪½ҲôģֻҿܲʲôѣҪŪ½Ϊǵԭѡ
ŵһ飬ѾЩ²⡣
½ĴͷһƵҩķӣһʱ벻ǷǸʲôõġ
Ȼȴ̫ĻϾ֮ǰʦǶ˳˸ͷߣҲǵڶʦûжʲôʱŵ֪ġ
ҪڵʱȴȻ˽Ųűƿˣʶס˺
Ȼ½Ѿˡ
ºСģ½貢ûʲô͸ŵķ϶½轫彣ϡ
ӦǸģмƣ̬
ţͿʼ⿪ˣҪƿĿʱ۾ȴһָֻסˣ߻˺ܵͺܵ͵Цߣġ
Ȼӣƿתͷһֲۣǹ⿴·ģʲôЦģ
Ŀȴͷˣ·𿴼ʲôĻƵġ
Ȼܲһ˻·ῴôת档
½ֻһ¶ѣͷѵģϥڴϣƺǴġ
ƺûʲô쳣ģѰĻҲó¶ɫɡ
ȻϸشһĿ½Χıӡͷƿƶ漴Ŀһ٣ƿϡ
ˣǰǴûƿӵģȻ½跽ģ֪ܿʲôҿ½Ķɡ
ôŵʱ򣬺Ȼ̵ʹͷ
̧ȥͿ½΢΢ɫҲ׵ֽǰͷˮʪˣĺҲ΢΢
ǡھʲôʹǿš
ŻúõôʹȻԵĶйء
תͷоһ֪ô¡
Ȼʲôȥʱŷ½޷ƵϵĲѲ豭׷ˡ
ܿѾôʹˣ½ȴǱϥƣûжϡ
ǿþˡ
־ǿһ㶼ִˣִǳ
Ȼڹ˴Сʱ½ŽʱѾˮʪ͸ˣȴ֮ǰҪˣԵøΪ侲
ʱ򣬳ȻһشţҲҳԱߵĹȡ˸ɾ߿Ժĵ˿
½ȡ·ԺʹųȥˣӦǴȥϴһϴѡ
ȥȻͳһѸ뿪ɵӵס֮ǰƬ
̲סʣ½ô£
ڹﱻŪۣϴ赤
Ȼ£ûֵҩҲûмذ
·ɻֵϴ赤Ƴķӣ֪Ըı˵ʣ˸ӽ˵Ľǣ°빦ˡ
ѾˣȴôʹķʽȻЩȣƺżҪΪˣ
ЦˣƺЩ̾ΪǸТӣɲԸġ
뵽½ʹӣЩ鸴ӣѾˣȴҪԸŬȥɣҲǺʹİɣ
ţ̲ס˳أǶҵʲô
Цͽסˣͷɾ峺۾̲ס̾˿ôʦһѲ
ʦ֣Ȼʣºʦʲôϵ
̾˿ʲôϵȥˣ
оԼֱˣ½ѹϴ赤ĹͰλҲǶԼܺݵֵˣһ˭ϴ赤ô̬Ķ
ʹɲһܵġ
ֻǡʣˣԴ˲ϣǾ̽ȥ
Ŀ⿴ǰŮܲȥСʦðɣйصĿӦñҪͰɣ
Ȼͷ£˼ȥ½ǶʲôʦҲ֪ģʦ¹䣬ǾӲˣӦò̳ȥʲô°ɣ
ԡҪҵĵʲô
Ȼ䣬Ժ½ʹԵƿϴ赤
Ȼ½֮˳ĹעΪ쳣ɣ
֪½ʹϴ赤Ժ󣬳ȻͶûȤЩʧӡ
ôΪʲôע쳣ˣ
Ȼ뵽һ²⣬ЩľؿȴɫʣϴγʦֽʦķҲ͵һĶ
Ƭ̣漴Цˣô˵͵ֻһ֮ѡ
ȻĲԾһ£Ҳģ
ƺЩεصСʦã̫ˣ֪̫ûô
Ȼֱϴץ飬ôҲΪˣ
Ȼƺûлɵϣôץֻвʦ𽻳ˡ
Щ£ıô۷ĿԾͺܴˡ
ͷ˵ΪҪʸĵصСʦãֻҪ֪ûڸɻ£ֻǡ
û˵꣬ͿСʦ̧ͷƬ̣ȻЦЦ֪ʦһҲԼѴԲԣ
ЩȻôͨ£ԣǸˡ
ǡҿʦֱܡȻƬ̣ʣʦֿɲԴӦһ£
ųȻ۰µģҲͣôҪŵԷҲͦõġ
˵ԺأϾϴûгܾܿͱ۴ȥˡ
ԣͽ΢ˣƬ̺󣬷·ʲôȻսЩ׽͸Цݣ˵һ£ǧټʦֶӦ㣬˵Ҫʦʲô
ˣСʦϲģôȻȥҷҷ˻ӽɣ
ϧ̫СˣҲֻǸͦϲСʦöѣܻϲġ
Ƿˣǧ꣬ôʡ
Ļǿ԰쵽ġ
ȻôȻЩģЩһǰüĿ忡ȴɭɭĴߣ̲ס͵˰벽Ŀڡ
һô࣬һ͹ˣֻǡԺٸʦҪʲô𣿡
ԣƬ̣ƺЩţΪǺˣˬЦȻԣʲôʦֶһġ
һĻЩܳСʦãɵ̫ɰˡ
ڲ˼ҪҲպ󷴻ڲô
ǸŵˣӦȻСʦǱˣ˿ɲһŵԡ
Сʦû̫СˣҲûУ˿̲סġ
ȻôԥʹӦˣɾȵض͸оʦֱʦֻҪɵģҲ֪ҪʲôһӦˡ
ѵͲʨӴ󿪿Ѫ޹ô


 40 

ڶ, ȻһȥıԵص㣬ЩȵطȻλʦֵַͬһط
ȵȻԵλá
һμ棬ﲻһ, Ȼû޵ĺ, Ǵһɫȹӣ̬ҲֺܱŤĹ̬
ʱ̬Ҳǰ߰, ĪЩѺã
ȻЩĪ, ȴֱı仯ܿܺʦйء
ܿҲ˲оˣѾԵľӷ
ıԿǶ֮еĸ֪ʶ㣬׷ӣ̺, ҪǿļС
Ȼõ˾ԺȽɨһ飬Щⶼǳ򵥣ҲһĳЩôЩѶȶѡ
СɽĲǳ, Ҳûʲô֣Щ鶼òˡ
ЩĴȴЩҵ
ʮʾͿʼд
ţô򵥵⣬, ҲӦô඼, ⿴ɼĻֶܶˣ
ǻôֳһ
, һĿԺܻܿҪÿ˵Ĵʱġ
ô, ٶȾ̲סӿ죬ӿ, ټӿ졣
ڳǲõĿ, ͻһյʱдˣʱû˭ġ
ȼһû⣬֮ȥˡ
ʱ, ȴƬ̣ΪԸоʱķΧĪ
ȫվԺЩӿʶҪˣ漴Ҳëʿʼܱʼ·ĽǾ޴ѹƵġ
ȻȻⳡԲҪȷʻҪʱİɣ
ٵ飬ǰӵݸϡ
ϼȴûӣȿһۡ
ȻƷ˼ֹŹֵζԭ򣬳ϾѾ˾Գȥˡ
*
ȻǰŸճûýôʱʲô㿴¼ֵҲˡ
Ȼס˽Ų𷽲ųϵ̲סʣʦ֣Щܼ򵥡ûɣ
ԣŹֵؿһۣһֹӡ
򵥣
˵Ŀûͳô
ҪԵֻǽһţ鲻ŵܵܶѡ
СʦþȻ򵥣Ͳ˼˵ˡ
ʦôܻȲʦã
ǵöඪ˰
ԣһƽ˵򵥣Ҳ˵򵥣ԵмָĪӡ
ȻоֵֹˣҪϸʱȴȻ͢ЩЦ⡰šһӦ⡣
漴ᣬɤɾöصСʦãҪҪȥ߿𣿡
Ȼһ¡
Ȼ͢ǡԼ
ԣ㿴һۣȻ̧ͷ˿ɫʱ仹磬һǡȥ˯
߸ܵܺСʦöĿռ䣬û˵꣬ʱȴȻһмּеȥĶȥĶҲҪȥ
תͷͿ˹ɵææسͣǰ
Լ漴ʶŵ̫ˡ
뵽ʦֶ˵ĻĿ·𲻸ƵģĿؿˡȻʣʦãҷ˵ҪȥߣҡҲȥ𣿡
Ȼǰ޴󷴲ŪЩãȻ漴ʦ˵䣬仰ôôƢӣֻװģʦҲǡ̫˰ɣ
Сֶ鳡ӶʦҲҪʰ·簡
Ҳ֪ĸﵹùʦֿϣԺһᱻԵİ
Ȼ漫ˣʦֵ׸˵ʲô
ʱ͢ҲĿƽؿҲɾݣ˶޷˵ܾĻ
οǾܾһġ
£ȥĻȻҲԡ
һȥĻȻҲûʲôˣ͸ѽƵģ͢ҲΪܾ¶ѹˡ
Сʦô˵͢΢΢ҲΪǻܾģȻһȥҲѾܺˡ
һģҲȥƻСʦú͵ܵܣҲֻøһȥˡ
*
ȻûоܾһȥЩϲԽʦ˵ùȻûϲŮӵġ
ǰѹ
ԸΪȥıԼȻûϲʲô
ԴڽϼԺһ־Ϊ˵ĸоԺôҲˡ
䵭Щȴر𣬸оͱӶһӢˣΪҲܸߣŴ｣Եĵһˣ屳Ҳǿ
Ϊ˺ġ
⣬벻Ժϲʲôˡ
ԺܻСֶˡ
*
رã֪ҪȥߣȥϿ
ϦǱߵĺͣһģ֮ǰʦһȥܻشһǱȥˡ
˵Щ˽һЩɫסˡ
Ӧòϲôġ
˺ߵĽʯԺ;ȵؿŵµĺˮﲴŵһһ
ȻȻҲ֪ھʲôԴϴʦֽһһԺ󣬱Ҳ۵ָһҸƯĻ
Ҳ֪£ȴ֪СʦûٵģֻΪ֮Сʦÿʱٵġ
ڿɣЩСʦû˹ɽʲôԣǰҲûŹ
ڽ֮һ˭Ҫ˽⣬СʦСǲôƻġ
Щϵʦö飬Сʦô
ЩԽԽûˣҲֻɵӲŻţ
ţȷ˻ϵ⿪ˡ
͢Ҳȥˣ漴㳯ŻվڽʯϵĳȻ֡
ȻҪȹʱ򣬼Ȼֱ£͢ƽںо͢ȷﲻͬˡ
ƺᶨЩЩŵ˴ҲûбܿĿ⡣
Ȼĵױ㸡˼Ϊѵĸоѡ֢ëַˡ
ǽֵݹȥأԼȥأ
ͷ⿪Ժ󣬱ΪԻˣ˭֪һ̧ͷȴСʦûվڽʯϣƺЩΪѵӣ֣͢Ҫ´
⸱Ī¡
漴ʶСʦõǸܾܿܵܣܵܺò׹ԸǰһˣôҲܱˮɣ
취ʱȴȻ𣺡ʦ֡Էһˤ
ƳһۣЦˣҪǱ߶ȾˤҲ
ʲô˼һĿȻ֮ǰͶ۸кܲãҲûõĶȥܾģһ۵ܵܺСʦã֣Ȼصԣ⴬ľܻСЩá
ҲûϣģҪʱﶼһȻ֣ƵæԼַȥ
ʦ˰ֱҪмͶˣſʦֵͬСʦöÿ׿ɰ
Ժ󣬾ͿһСʦãȻϵһԺСʦҲûɾܾ͢ˡ
СʦҲַŽ͢ģ͢ס֣ͬʱĪмִ۵ĸо
ȻȷҪܾ͢ģΪҪϣоܻϲģڲأȴƺǻЩⲻԾ¶
ȥˣžΪһܾĻԵˡ
*
͢ҲܲСʦԥͻɣסһ̣ЩѾͳͳԺˣҪŬؿԼûнŵʧ룬ȴǲܿƵغ˺졣
Сʦõ֡ҲůžͲٷſˡ
һֱ֣оԼԸΪ˸κδۡ
ǣȴֻܺܶݵһ¾ɿ֣ʱӿãȻʧĸо
Ȼ͢ϵĿ⣬ȴֻװʲôҲûвߵ˴ͷȥ
ʲôӦĻ͢Ӧþͻὥˡ
ûбܵĻᱻϲҲһ
Ͼһ㿡Ҳᰲ˳ܱë޵Ĵֵ꣬ϲŵֱһѡ
ǣһľֻ뾡޳˶ѣģӦöҪ֮ٿˡ
*
ոԶưƵƮţ̵ζ
߶˻ǰ첻ʻȥ
˴Ƭ̺;һˮˣϲؽеҪ𣿡
ȻֻѯʣȴѾ̵ݵǰǱ㶼һЩ㽶Ϲ֮ġ
ҧһڹӣĻҲ̫Ưˣ׼ҲȫҼǵ֮ǰƺģ
Сʦú͵֮ܵЩҲ̫Ҳڵʦʱ֮ǰĻˣġ
Ȼžòʦֱ̲סġ
£ôܣ
˵ţɵؿ˿ĳȻ·ڹװơ
ʵҲţʲôҲû˵ҪǰάСʦõ档
ֻ͢˿ɫҲûУֻ͵ؿ˳Ȼһۣ·˵ʲôվߡ
ȻͿһۣ֪ǲţҿԡ
ҲСʦõĽôˣһ߰㽶ƤһߵϴһҲܺʱˡ
Ȼ˵ͷٳ½ս˽עž͸ɴϵسǰĺ̳һ
Ҳʦֲڵʱܲܶ½֮е̫֮
𽣵ʱѾӦ˽̺ȻѾԺɵʹ̫֮ˡ
ֻΪ̫֮Ҳֻܷӳֶѡ
һûʦһӳһԺϲЧһЩ
ֻǽһɫľһĺ룬мһɽİ˳ɱѸӳ˺ܳһߣߵӿΣǽһӿ
Ҳ𵴵þҡ˼¡
ŴˣĹӶ˵ϡ
⡢⻹
ΪʲôɵһͿԽ밡
Ǵ󺣣ƻ
뵽֮ǰƲ̲סҪǻҲñһ밡
ţĬĬ߿˿
ΪСʦһ༤ЩС˻ѣôοĻˣڼһ̺ǿԺ󣬱˵οĻˣе㽶˽
Ľ֮Ұ㽫˺룬ҲǿɱڵĽÿҵش
죬Хǰ桭
ֻдͷŮȴɫƽվţһճ罫ͷȹҲ÷趯
Щ㶡
ʱŮȻתͷЦʦ֣Σ
ǵЦ⣬·¹۾ߴ˻ӿľ
оԼĺ񻵵Ƶͣ
ǡСʦһ̫ˣ
ŵˣ
ܰɣ


 41 

, Եĳɼͳˡ
Ȼ¼ʦһӺ߻ȥԺ󣬱㾶ֱȥ˹ɼĴڡ
Ҳһ
֪ΪʦֻԵʣ̬Ⱥ֮ǰȼֱһһ, ڲ˵ʲô䳰ȷĻ, ǵؽʦá
ȻǸûʲô۶, ·ȫ˵Ĺ, ر׽
ֲЦˣ³Ȼ֮ǰ̬лǲϲҲǸˣ̬Ҳ, ȻҲþĴš
ֽԵŴСʱǲġ
Ȼ˴Ժ󣬾ͷһεڵĵӱϴε¯ʱҪٵöˡ
Щġ
ʦҲûɣɵļλ϶, ɪҲһɫȹֻǿʱɫúܳ
ȻƿĿ, Ϊʦڼ, ѹе̬ȡ
ֻûע⵽, ɪŰ˻Ϊ
ɵĶǽһ, ϵ֪ʶڵȴһɵҲûС
, ҲΪ̫֪ʶ, μӱԵȻҲˡ
Żһ˶ûвμӡ
ȻʦּȻԵףôͲɵģѡּ̫ܳ˵ϵҲͽ͵ͨˡ
*
һ, ʦûйȻͿɣɵʦվһ𣬶Ա߾ǹɵĳϺŮǣվ߶ϵλá
ڼʶ˳ȻǿֲķֵԺ֮ǰľͳɢȥˣʦְܴæͬСʦҲ˼ֺøС
ɤӿʼεʱвסѹչȥͳȻ˵Ļ
ʦã㿼ôСʡ
ȻһۣӦûС
һߵСʦúɾСͽƺͦ׽Щض࿴˳ȻһۣСʦ۸ڶ齾ݣ׽˱ضС
Ȼиɽһ˵ʦ֣еһ֮ƵĿɣɣĺɾʦ
˷·˵ģСʦûԸ׽Ҳ֡
뵽ϴϳȻ˵ڶʱǸʮСʱʮ궼ûС
̲סһĽĶʼɡ
˵עġ
Щ˲ֶηѾĻȥŬȡĶһЩȴŬñֿɵá
΢΢Լڵһо˶Ϊ˵ᣬƽ
ûע⵽Աߴʦı鲻ԣ˳ȻĻͲ۾΢΢ɴ󣬵ѱģȻÿûУʱ򽻾ô磬ѵǽ˰׾𣿡
ΪȻʲôأһĶ罻ˣæʸ£˳
һҲǿõġ
ᱳ飬ЩòˣΪʲôҪôӵдأ
ͺܷꡣ
ĻȻʱ˵̽ʣáЩ𣿡
ؽһ˫۶Բˡ
⻰ܡѡ
ȻҪ
ֻвѵ˲Żʰɣ
ȻȻˣ̲סֹѰöֶû
ȻԭΪûкúñ飬˵Ŀûп꣬;ûôˡ
˼ؿڼԹѱ
ܲʶֵģֻͨõǺдֺüǵķ֡
ⳡѡ˵ģȻҲȫõ֡
ţȻĵױЩ²⣺㲻̫᣿
ֵؿһۣȻˣѧϰ⣬˭ȥ֣ôдҲŹ֣ǶǲסοϹڷдôܱһͺܲˡ˵ţ΢٣ɵؿȻңúܼ򵥰ɣ
ȻͳĬˣЩȷܼ򵥰
Ϊ򵥵Ķڱʵѵ
ΪʦˣʦֿҲǣСѧıҲ֣ѹоʲôѶȡ
ңԼ֪Ҳͬ
ϵ֪ʶҲܺüǣܺ⣬ѹȥͷ·Щ֪ʶ֪ʱ򲻹ָϰһƵġ
ǡ̹ŵ࣬ӵһЩм֮ģ
ȻţȴȻʶһ⡣
˶ĺѣϵ֪ʶҲѼǵĻôЩر򵥵òᡭܵõһɣ
·Ϊӡ֤Ĳ²⣬ոôʱ򣬱Ȼ֡
ΪûǵڼҲȥˣΪ־ĿѾµˡ
ͶŴˣŵؿȻôѱĶȻõһ
⻹
˵ĻУ
ˣоԼܵƭ
*
е𾪺ţɵĵҲ̲סʼµĿɾСͽˣٽŴμҲ߸С
Ȼʱ˵ڶ˵ɾ̵зĹͣһûôûʵɾʦûɾֵġ
Ͼӹ񻹴ûܳɵڣڵۣ˵֮ӣҲʮŷ˵ġ
ڡȴûˡ
Щԣϰ鼸ʮϰˣȻȲһС
дܵͬʱҲòʼעҲΪ˾֮һ
ῴе˺üʮҲô֮ȴ̫ˣҪӱǳѡ
*
Ȼ˵һҲ֮ϲ뽫ϢʦǵģȥԺȴʦʦֶڳȹ
ʦȥĶˣȴθͳ˽ˡ
ԵͷϢǺܿʹȥˡ
˵ҪΪףһ£ǵķݣ;״ȥͷݳ
Ȼȴһ۾Ϳǵʵ㣬ΪܿҪзǳҪĽˣǶڵǵǼץرǱڵҲܾˣض˻ȥɿһ¡
ԵͷŴȥף뿪ǲ᲻ͬģϾǶһǺܿݺͰġ
Ȼ⵺ϴһʱҲЩƣһ˳ȥҲû˼ͬˡ
ֻǲ֪ΪΣǸյĺߣ㿴ŷλʦ֣¼ֵܺϹԶˡ
ԣǳʱʹбС
Ȼ˶֣Ҳͦõġ
ķչȴԤϡ
*
зݳСطҹҲܷ֡
Ϊ˲˵עĿǵѴҲ뷲ͨ˲࣬òҪЩӦҲ̫Ĺע
ݳԺ󣬳ȻһʼҹеķˣҲ˼˼̻
ţͿʼﲻˡ
תͷŶеλʦ֣ͲЩˡ
һţΪʲôһǰͷʦȴںͷأ
ңǻһ㴩Ų£Ҳڲסǳɫòͦεˣǵ黹ͦһģ·İղסͶֺЩµĿ⡣
Ȼ֮ǰ̫Ϲֻ߶ȴȫõˣΪĶοѹͲҪ֣ҪȥĶƵģܵ˶Զɢó˺ܿܿ·
оͶǾĿ⣬ôҺܿܽǼɽˣϾǲ֪ɽʵڵģƽҲԶ볾ע⡣
һ̲סǳģһôࡣ
ԣ˻һۣȴû˵һʱЩ졣
ֻվڱ߶ϵϹԿ赭дһ䣺ǺⰡ
ȻĬƬ̣ȽĽ˵⻰𣿡
ϹԾתͷ˿ĽĬƬ̣ȴסĽУҲõأ
˵õõϡ
֮ǰͦСʦòߵģСʦÿɱ˺ˡ
֪ЩʦʦܺȻʲô磬ߵСʦԣûء
ǾȻ볯νˡ

˭ûнǲǣ
뵽һ˴򲻹ĸֻ踺صغһǲţҲֻһ˸ˡ
ϹţŽָ·СʦûĽƵġ
Ȼˡ
ΪʲôõϽ
ȻĬƬ̣һۣƿĿ⣬ϹԹͨԻ·һ档
ֻÿ˼ȽϿ͢ʦ֣Ľ
û˵꣬͢Ѿ˼һɫԵˮüЩǸƵЦ£֮㽫Ľ˻ȥ
Ȼ͢ˣȻһۣǻǺִشŽҲ˵ʲôˡ
ΪʲôԱߣúܿΪ˱ӣϲϾ֮ǰ˵ϲǵĻһҲǵá
Ȼתͷǰߣ뿴ûʲôĶ
ţȴȻθסŲͷһͿθվһεſڣһЦصСʦãҪȥ𣿡
ȻûʲôȤҪܾȴȻŵ˵ﴫһŨһ٣⣬˵ͷ
ȻҲкõģʳ˾ѪҲܶࡣ
*
˱һ߽ϰƺڣΪӵǸʮСݣȴһ˫ˮС¹Ƶ۾
ȻǴϴģȻҲ֮ˣ˼־֮ɫ
Ǻ˵Ļ
СЩʣλҪʲôǶˣҾɽ´򹤵ģûµġ
θЦؿһۣתͷԳȻСʦãϲʲô
Сԣ˺ôһԭ׽İ
ڵؽķȡ˳ѡȻģȻҲܾȥ˹ȥ
ȻĿķ۾Ҫˣͷ֡Ҫһѡ
θЦˣ·ëһһ˫һ˵СʦãΣ
Ȼ޿޲ɵģƼ;ˣʱȴͳӹˣʺСʦá
˵ţҲһмϾİСʦãϲ𣿡
͢ĻһۣĿ΢
Ȼô˵ֽӹ˰ҲУ͡
СʦͻС䵭ɫʡȴֺȻڣ˳һϼɫʵӣЦŶʻ޵ɫá
ȻһҲͦеǾ͡
Ϲһ˵һһ˵û̲꣬סֽˣյ˳ȻǰҾá
ƿĳִϣЦֺ㣬ʣʦܾáʲô
θҲЦˣ΢΢ͷϹԡ
ҲؿĽʶƺڷƵġ
ϹսĽЩȫУҪڣȴֱСʦøˣЩʹ뽫һ仰˵ôôѣ
ȻǱȥĸ⣬۸ʦ֣޿̵صˣǲþˣҾѡ
Ϲԣ
Ϊʲô˵ꣿ
СʦѾܿظǮϹԱֻñ죬ֻƺʮźûܸὨ顣
СʦþȻֻѡƼİôҪǸЩʧˡ
Сʦáƺĺϲ
ðɣ
˼̲סʮָӡ
Ȼ֪һʼ棬Ҳоۡ
ҲͼλʦһˣĲ·̬Ͳ˵ˡ
ѡһĶƺġ
Щʦǵʤκ϶Ӱεġ
ΪһҪ𣿣
Լòϣ


 42 

Ժ, Ȼͬʦһ𽫸ȽϷĽֶ˹䡣
ǽϵ̫ƽܰˣλʦҲ𽥷ûôһ, ˴֮Ҳì, ദǢˡ
˶ú㡣
߹һСԽֵʱϹζ߲ˡ
Ŀĵض·ߵһª̯, ȻҲߵЩ, ҪҪһ
ȻҲûʲô
*
Ǹʮİ׺үүűӸɾˣ
̯ûʲôĿˣܹҲӶѡ
ǹȥԺ, ͽӶռˡ
һպֻĸˣΪ˱һʱֿʼλȻǶ, һ£Ҳˡ
Ϲƺĺ淲ζ˶ûʾʲôԵȤ
үүܿͽ
Ŵлͼţ, 嵭Ҳܼ, ɸɾġ
ȻҪСݵ, ܿͳ, ̧ͷһۣϹԻس, ˶ֻǶ˼Ӷѡ
ӦǳԲ߷ʳġ
Сʦ, ҿǱлơθȻҪȥźӵ𣿡
Ȼ˳Ŀֵһ߿˿Ȼ˺üƵ, ЩƯĵ
£ӵƻȥʱҲպò࣬ȥ򻨵ƣϹԳꡣ
ʦǺʢƫƫ·յģܿһעͱʲôʲô˸ˡ
ͬһˡ
ȻǵıӰҪջĿʱȴȻֳ˽ʱȴĵسһȥˣصģҪʲô¡
ߵʱ򣬻ͷ̯һۣȻæջĿ⣬Ȼϣ֡
Ȼ뵽۸Ӧþ飬ּģʵڷĲ£ȥʲô
ϹԴԭر𶯣θǺܿͻ
ϹԵú㣬Ծ͵˵ͷ֮ͷԡ
Ȼһۣ˳ų뿪ķ׷˹ȥ
*
׷ȥԺ󣬳ȻڿıӰʱͷǰ˾ǹɵĴʦ
ƺڸ
߽һҿջҲһˡ
ȻסŲʦֵ½ԭΪ顣
ôǻй
Ȼ֪ԭԺ󣬱㲻ˣתߵģ˭֪һתȴײһǽ漴Ҳһ̾Сʦãôָң
Ȼһ̧ͷͿ˳پҲЩΣҡ
û˵꣬ȻסĴĿ˳Ŀ⿴һɫ۵ӽ˿ջ漴գۼʧԭأعѾ˿ջ߲ݶϡ
ǺǡɵţȻЩȡ
ͷҲ˵׷һӣųȻһ߸Ϲȥһ߽͵Ҳڸɻ£֮͡
Ȼһ˼ݶƮƵĳ˵⻰һ˵ûС
*
ӵݶԺ󣬳ƿݶƬ۰¿ȥ
ȻȻ飬Щֱӣ̲ס¿һۡ
漴Ϳǰ̬Щ֣صӣϻһ̳ӣһһںš
ֻһˣȥ̽ļ䣬Ūô£û֣žͱˣĶһ١
ҲЩ仯ĬĬƬ̣ȥš
ȿݵ˾ȻɵԺ󣬳ȻɾˣΪһɵţһǹɵŮӣôҲʲôϵġ
ŽԺ㿴˿Ƿ˸٣֮ŽŹˡ
űСģ֪ġ
ǿЦ£Цݿ˳ƯһҲƽֳ޴ʦ
ȻСΪϣҡ뱻˷ܡ
ܣ
ʲôܣ
Ȼһ۳Ҳרעţüͷ΢š˼
ȻΪǻʲôܵ飬㲻ȥˣ뿪һĻȴ𾪵úðز
žȻ§ס񣬽ŲÿĴĴϣ漴§齡
˵ѹˡ
⻭̫˵ˣҲ㶣æסСʦõ۾⻭Сʦõ۾Ȼ֮ɱɡ
µ֪ҲǺģݶķŲһ˭棡
ǲˣķӦҲܿ죬һѱСʦþƮȻȥٶȺܿ죬Ƭ̼˿ջԶ
źȴҲܿ׷ײǵĳ£Ȼɱڵġ
ͷ׷ᣬҲӿٶȣݳǣһƬдеɽȥˡ
ҲߺüˣɽҲϤˣ֪ƬɽһɽǸû޳εС߿ߡ
㽫Сʦô˹ȥ
ߺܰʲôȻҲ֪Ķֻоⶴر䳱ʪкܶ˫۾ڿƵġ
ӲСȴĪëȻĸо
ʱȴҲܳȥΪźҲ׷˹ʱɽĲԶֻ̽קס˳䣬֪Ҳ԰Щ
ֻǲ֪ΪΣƺоקסָⱻʲôɿ£ġ
ľʱȴͷҲ˶ѵţô죿
ĬƬ̣ſοصģ˵ȥҶĹ˵Ҳ޷ûκ֤ݣ˭ҵ£
Ȼǵģ˳ȥҲûˡ
ֵֻǰͷǸ߿ߣؿˣȥһһң
˵Ϣ㽥Զˡ
Ȼȴòû
߿ߣ
ʶؽʦָҹȡ¹ƵĹ߱㽫ɽˣվԣһСߣСߵԴС߻ǵز˲ģЦ
Ȼ͵ɿӵ֣뵽֮ǰĻ߾ͼ漴ͿͳΪģȫŤߣģСģģ̵ģɫҲһǰɫͺɫġ
ԶԺӵ˻˻Ҳ漴ɽ
Ȼһȶˣ͹ϵ߶ȥˣۼֿطסɽʯϣЩɢ˶ſڡ
СʦãҼǵ˵㲻ߵģŵɫ׵ӣЩЦʡ
Ȼȴ˵ˣ𷽲ſȺӿĻ棬Щ¡
ŵòᣬмֿͰ͵ӣ̾˿ô£ʲô
Ȼһۣĵʦֹ뿪ˣҾ
Цˣǲ£̾Ҷ˵ˣǺˡ
ȻŵоϾӣ
鿪ЦѾˣɿ˷֣սһ¶Ҳˣʦ֣𣿡
Ȼ֮˽飬һʱɻ󣺡ôᡭ
Ϊ˺ͨĳѸΪ˾䣬ɾ۾־òܽ͵̫ϸ¶ˣ㻹ûشңвУ
Ȼˬص˵ͷ
ѣҲʦ˵
ô˵
˵ͳʦһȥ͵˼ҵĴͼ
ҪľͲǳʦһˡ
ͷҲ΢΢˿Ҫ֪֮СʦÿĻ棬Լúܲҡ
߰ɣٲȥʦǸżˡ
ˣȻҲҪߣⶴߵĻ棬ʶߵúǻȵȻðһƵġ
һͷͿСӣֿһ۶ڶſڵĲݴСǣǳСͷҡСԴͦɰİȻСʦ
̾˿תȥһӾͱ֮ǰͽ͵ſȫߣұȥͲˡ
Ȼ壬°ͣƬ̣ɡʦ㲻Ҳǡ𣿡
ĽŲͶסˣͷܾãŵЩܺᲢ𣿡
ȻĬƬ̣ķʣк𣿡
峺һʱԶԡ
ô˵
˵ɫãƬ͸ָи⻬


 43 

Ȼصȹʱ, ҹɫѾˣϵ˴Ѿ˯ˡ
ﻹһѳԵģЩȫϹȥġ
뿪̯Ժ, ϹԲûйԹԵԭصȶθǻ, Ժ뿪ˣƾһʢĺĽһֵСԶһЩ
ֻǵıԺ, Щ첻Ȥˡ
ȻȻҲۿЩ, ſԴһ罻ʦʦʳɼ߲ܵġ
û뵽ʦȻû˯¡
߽ȹԺ󣬾Ϳʦǰʯǰţϰһ, ʦĶȴǰѩʶ˷ʦ֡
ȻǴŰ£ȴǽȻͬġ
ʦʳ̻Уʦָ˵ĸоȴǹ¸߹ŵĴҷ緶
ŶĵĻ濴رĿ
ȻٿһĻ, ͸˫صֵƵģýŲ¡
ڿ˼ɫԺԼԺҪҵ»ѣΪ׼ѾԽԽˡ
֮ȴ, תͷ, 漴΢΢һ, Īº͵ù֣Сʦ, ˣ
ȻʦֵЦݾĪ﷢飬·ȥ˻Ƶġ
Ȼ, ʦֺʦѾ֪ͳһȥˡ
Ҳ֮̾ǰ֤ҪʦǱ־Ļ
תһ, Ҳûʦǹ׽ڲʦ֮ѣܲҪȫʦǶϽ˰ɣ
ҲԵ̫ˡ
ʦô, һҲ벻ӦòΪġ
ţɵءšһһѳԵ߹ȥʦʦ֣ôô壿
֮ĶϣĻȴ°ɣʦлͬ˵
Ȼؿһǣмʯˡ
̧һۣ漴Ŀϵʳ϶£·й°˾䣺ÿ𣿡
⻰ʱ֮Ҳ
ȥͳʦִ߿һζûͦĵģȻô˵Ͼ˵ϲʦǵĻٻشرĵĻ롣
ͺܺصҲãͳЩ˺ӵơ
Ƿ·ҲֻһʣشԺ󣬱㿴յޱ㲻زμˡ
ȻһʣΪʲô
ǵμҲȥģǰʮ
Ȼ⻰Щ֣˵þ͸μԲȥƵģԼǺزμӱԣҪȡúõεģڱͺΪμӱԾȥİɡ
ʦȴҪμӣŵμıԾܽǰʮƵġ
ȻֱҪμӵûô򵥣תͷʦ֣ϣʦܸһ¡
֮ʦĻ΢º͵صʦ˵öԣȻȻѾùһڶˣȻҪΣޱ㲻زμˡ
ȻĬƬ̣̽ʣʦֵ˼˵֮Ҳزμˣ
֮ȻҪμӡ
⻰Ȼ̲סֿ˿ʦмֲ˼ʦָò֮ıõһڶɣ
֮ЩЦ⿴赭дصȻȻǽıȻҪõһġ
Ȼʦƶˣǡô׵
˵ȫûõһ˵һûѡĻҲǲܳΪ˵ġ
ʦ˵ɣ
֮ƺ뷨㼫οֻҪ룬ûʲôġ
ܿһ붾
Ȼʦֶ̫ˣȴ־ʦֲʵʵˣ˵Ļһ򶼺ܿ׵ġ
ţ̲סʣô
֮Цȴʦ
ǱȻЩһͽ
Ȼһ
ʣµͽű֮أЩҲ඼μűԡ
ʦ˼ȴҪʱκõһ
Ҳ̫췽ҹ̷˰ɣ
ôһܱȵ˼ģ
Ȼɵؿʦ𣺡ʦ㲻˵Цɣ
Ǿ˫û˵˼ԣġ
ȻĬȻˣе
ǺܿվԼĽǶŴıԵģȻҲ;õõһףǡɾҲɽһ˵ʦ֣
ֻһŸոĳ߰
ҲóʦѾ⣬ʦһģµͲĸĵ
ֲܸһ⣬ңޱҲȷǱȲЩɰǧǰǣȥҲûʲô
ţɵǣʦ֪ˡ
ͬˣǵĿƿ漴ϵϣƬ̣Щ𣿡
Ȼ£һʦޱ鶢ʳӣЩǸʦġ
ԣ֮תͷһۣɫ
̧ɫ΢Ҵģ
ʦޱģȻƺЩ⣬Ī΢̩ɽǰҲ治ɫʦ𾹻ΪһЩԵĶݡ
ʦʳﵽĸ춯鰡
ĬƬ̣ЦԣЩʦġ
ǱصͷȫĪºЩ̶ǵԡȥ˯
Ȼ
ʦѵųȾ
*
ʦһѳԵ뿪󣬳Ȼתͷʯϵʦ֣ȴʦҲרעӾͷ·ʲôƵġ
Ȼ̲סʣʦ֣Сʲô𣿡
֮Ǳ΢ЦȻȻȥǵøʦԵģ
ȻЦݣʦָˣɤӣҲġ
֮Ī᣺⻹ôࣿ
ȻҪ˵ϹһѳԵԼȴȫԵϹЩʲôƵģæת˻⣺ˣҲʦ˶
ķһʽţŮԿɣ㽫ȡ˳ݸ֮
֮ӹӣƬ̣ɫ΢ȷǸҵģ
ȻһϿҵصԣŵҲʦˣֻǮ࣬պضʦõġ
֮Ƭ̣ЦˣЩ׽صı㹻ˡ
⻰ȻĪ⻰ƺЩ˼ûĥ㿴ʦվȥȡһȹ
ȻΪʦҪˣĻһʣʦ֣Ҫȹʲô
֮һۣЦˣҪʲôƳһϴŵȹŲ߰𣿿㣬Ҵȥ̶ϴһϴ
Ȼ
ʦֵıҲͦ鰡
*
֮ỹãһᣬȻԼ߿һЩδεСŨأԼҲմȾˣϴһϴĻԼجΡ
æȹʦһˡ
֮ɽּһ̶ˮԱߣܻݷïˮɽʯй£绨һɢмַ羰续ĸо
ɽ¹ʯ̶ߣܾŵֻ
֮ڴ˴ϴɣȥͷ㡣
Ȼʯ̶Ա߷ïŨĻݣĪһֻܳСĸо
ɽ־ˣ˼ֲֿķΧ
ʦҪߣȻʶסӡ
֮һקסָˮƵ۽ף̧ɫЩţ΢ʣôˣ
ȻĿԱߵĲݴӹʦ֡Ҫɣ
ĬƬ̣֮ƺЩ΢Ƶ֪Լ˵ʲô
ȻȴûʲôĹעȫܵĲݴˣʻƬ̣ŵʦ֣һЩ¡
ԣ֮㿴һҲŵϺŨӵϢʱһʲô£ȴһδᡣ
֮Ĭ˻º͵ЦˣͷҲߣȥϴɡ
ĻȻˣ漴㿴֮ʯ̶߲һ磬һӺӣв裬һ顣
ʦֻǡɽҰĶȻʡʮ㡣
£Ⱥһڲ裬漴飬赭дصĥ䣬Ҿͽˡ
Ȼƹ磬ߵʯ̶ߣ´⿪ˣȹһ£̤ʵ̶ˮ֮С
ʦȻͷҲûκβڵģΪʦֺ͸ǲģʦҲκԼҲᣬ˴˶ƽͣȻҲʲôԡ
Ȼ̶ˮԺ󣬱о̶ˮ̺˵ƣһɨա
̲סʣʦ̶֣ˮô㣿

ͷ֮ǰȴһҳûˮĬƬ̣˴̶ˮ֮ˮģȻԣ
ȻŶһֵʦôʲô֪
Ƭ̺󣬳ȻʦֵһҪ˵𣿡

Ȼʦַƺڿ飬Լܴˣ㲻ٿˡ
Ҳûʦֵ̫ãܿϴˣ˰һ߽ȹϣһߵʦ֣ϴˡ
ʦȴûлشǲ˯ˣϵ´Ժ󣬱ߵͷȴһ飬ͷ΢΢ţµĺڷס
ʦ֣
֮Ȼû˯ţתͷĿ΢΢һ١
ȻԼʪĳΪʦڿͷˣ漴ʦ֣ͷ̫ˣҲûӣܰһ·𣿡
֮ǰɢųŮ΢΢͸ɫ˫峺´ɵϵţһ岻ʤµ̬ɢϢĹ˿ζ
̧֣طڼϵĳŵŮȻµζ΢Ƭ̣ջ֣ˣͦõġ
漴Ŀһ٣Өѩ˫ϣĺ΢΢һ٣΢͵ôЬ
ȻżЬӻûҪذȥЬʱʦȴ£СĲȵʯ˽š
ȥ߽Ьȡ˹漴ǰˣסĽš
ȻʶҪջؽţʦ֣Լ͡
𶯡
Ȼ㲻ˣΪʦֶ鶼ܹչˣһʱҲûЬʲôֻϰչ˴Ь˳ˡ
֮ЬԺ󣬱վ߰ɡ
ȻҲվʦֽεȵջȥ̲סʦ֣Ժ㲻չңȻһᱻ߻ġ
ԣ֮һۣЦˣȻʣԼҹ߻𣿡
Ȼһʱҭ
⵹ûС
ʦȻչҲǺԭ͵ߵʱ򻹺ЬƺԺ󡭡ûˡ
ʦַΪʲôȻЬأ
֮·Ĳ⣬㲻ãǡһۣ㵹ҲԼһΡ
Ȼ
ҲûҪɣʦ֣


 44 

ڶһ, Ȼһȥٽӻ
طССӻһ䣬һϸ, Ʈİ㡣
ѧòվӻ, Ļ׵ϣ, ֻʱ, ΪҲǶϴ˴βμŴĵӱض䡣
ȻҲ֪μӱԵ߲ҪΪˣʦȻôӦʲô취ֲΪϵĲˡ
, ʳ˿ڡ
취ƽѩ, һһҲѧˣ׵Ҳɡ
Ȼ׵˰Σȷʦڸ˵Ц, Ҫ, еǰײ˼۰㲻ֵǮ˵;͡
ͲЩ΢, ˭ҲǴ, ʦΪɲ⣬Ҳûһĵ
ȴƽ˵Ļ, ȫûҪر߽ʲô˼, ôʦӦҲһλûеġ
ȻҲʦϲʦи, Ҳֻʦͽ֮ѡ
΢ֻΪʦģԽദԽܸоóʦֻǲĸѣĺҲĺá
֮ǰΪϵȻ
ԽЩˣʦĵĺã֮ǰȴ˼ɹϲʦڹյ¡
ڿӦþС֮ˣΪŮҽֶʦЩƫ
վǰʦȴѪԼ˼ˣֽƬˣӦҲͺܿܺǸ鿴ŮȥʦЩ˰ɣ
Լ˵Ǳʣ㲻Ҫҵ
ȻȷҪֱʵʦһ취ʲô
Ȼʦ𣬵ҲľҪһٶҲԼģôðװҪ
ʦ֮ǰüӱȥģɲԼծԽԽࡣ
ܾԺǵɫҲûаֱ仯·ҪҪˣƵġ
Ƭ̣ŻϹһΪ֮
Ȼû˵ɽ绹Ҳûʦģмֺصʦ˵ȥ
ֽŵǽֲ֮ΪĲ㣬ΪһʱԲҲǵ
ȻЩʦ˵ѧĻôʵüˣݱ¶Ҳֵܵһʱˡ
֮ǰ͵õĿɶĽЩ񣬵ҪΪЩ֮ǰѧĽɲܲҲܽ
ֻǡĴڵĻΪʲôû˵
ɽҲƺûù
Ȼмɻؿʦ
ǴӰͦı䣬͵Ϲʱڵڼû˻ˣȻ֪
*
ţǱ㽫߶֮ķ̸һʾ
ӻ紵ʱ򣬵ɫĻ׷׹䣬̺ƺְ
ǱЩӻʾģ˫ƽӡ߶ʱЩƮĻͣ˿С
һȥһȺССɢżâ
Щȡ˳ؾۼ˷ӿʦ壬ʦİ¶΢΢ɢŵʥİ׹⡣
ȴĮƽģü۾£Ưˡ
Ȼȴû˵Ϲעʦòעȫʦõˡ
ǿţܸожǿʶѪҺ˼֡
漴ʦ߶֮ʱҲΪʹ㡭
ŽһĻȻ΢΢ס˺ҪʦʹһƬֵ仨
Ƭӻ仨Ѹپ£ѩһԽԽԽԽ󡭡
۳һܾ͵ġ״ꣿ
ʱʦıǵ״ǳΪԷ
ȻſǸ޴ӻɵĴЩһѾ
*
ʾԺǱ֮ͣûĿƣǸ״ĻҲȻɢˣ׷Ļ꣬˱ǣƻá
Ȼûס˸磬ζۼҲ̫Ѭˡ
Ǵ˼϶ŵһ㻨꣬ʣ𣿡
Ȼһʦ𷽲Žķ˵ͷѧϰһһͨġ
Ǳ㽫ӻֵıԵĵطż̵ζǵİºͺڷҲˣԵ÷ס
ŲѩĴ󺣣Կܽúˮ
Ȼ˿ѧʦ𷽲ŵĶ˫ǰӡĬо˺ˮﲨֻҪ߶ЩԴԴϵӿ塣
Ǽѧһαˣȴûʲô߾ɫͷ·͸Ƶġ
ܲܲݺˮ
Ȼͷ㻺ֵ̧̧ߣҲһ㺣ԽԽߣһɿεɫǽƵġ
ֱ˵ͣ¡ջ˿ƺˮʶʧȥ˿Ƶ˳ҲȻһɢˣ˺
ǿź棬ѧҪϰεͷ㲻ˡ
Ȼһ㶣ʦ֡ѵμ𣿡
ᵽ֮ǵɫ£תͷһֻۣμһֱԡ
ȻʦֶŴıǷǳģԣʦҲȫû˼ҵʦ𶽴ʦŬ˼
;Щѽ⣬ʦʦֵʦͽҲ̫ЩʦһԱʦǺõû˵ˡ
ʲôʦұν֮ڽϡ
˵ţȻͿ̧Ƭӻֲ˽磬ͲˣҲ֪ʲô
ﻯ˳źȥż˺֮ʱڵĵطΪģӣֱƬ涼˹⻬ɼı淽ֹͣ
ȻЩľʦΪɲ⣬ôɾͽһƬɱˡ
ԵǧҲӦÿһ֮Ӧ԰ɣ
ҲЩѪӿҪΪʦǿˡ
*
˱֮ϺǱνڽϣеӵǿЧ
һΣûʾˣֻʣѧ𣿡
Ȼͷ
ǱȻһڱϺһξ룬վĲԶͣ£ֳֳĪмֱɱ֮ôڣҡ
ȻһҲ֪ʦǴʵսõ֮Ϲﻹмֽŵġ
ûʦдûۼʦ˶ֻ֣֪ʵɲ⣬ȴûж
ᣬмѪҺڵĸо
ܺĸһսҲɡ
Ҳ˵ܼʦʵɣ
ţ˼֣ҲҵģʦվĶ棬վûȻǵȳС
Ȼ½˶񣬷ȳʦ̳һ֪ʦһܽһУԭûĴ̹ȥֻһжѡ
ڽӽʦԺʦػʱܿһͬʱĺ󱳴̳һ˵ʦֻҪʦѱ㹻ˡ
ʦıȴǳ۾ƵģĽѹһξʱѾĻһղסҲ˷˳ȥ
˺ԶԺŽ⻮˱ϣֹס˺˵ơ
΢΢˿̧ͷʦʦѩڱ֮ϿȻ鵭Į·Ĺƶ˲֣ǿһԽѩɽ
ȻҲоԼĲ༸رģĹѻʯ
Ҳûоʹ䣬ʵǲǾֻзŴˡ
ʦ̸ֽ꽣֮顢̫֮Ļǲʦϼеأ
ʦûи׼ʱ䣬Ժ󣬱ҲȻˡ
Ӱ磬գ۰ǰʦҲ͵ʶĶսڸҺͲпᣬݲκ׼õʱ䡣
ڣǾǶ֣ʦͽ
ֻƴضȡµʱ䡣
ܿóʦȻûóȫֻһʵѾӦرˣƵòˣ֮ûС
ȴҪһЩʱ䲼õģֻһ߶ʦĹһ߰ܲ˷
Ҫ֧Ųסʱ򣬷ڽɹˡ
ҲʱƱã
ʦһƣ֮˽ϣͬʱ߶֮ɱĺ̺ѸչҲڽϡ
ʱʦҲѾһӭʦһ
ǿĽײһ˱鿪ʼ
ʦûзȫʵȴȫԸĽҪʦ΢ǿһЩ
ײʱǿסΣʦȴԺС벽ĽҲһ˿
ķ˿Ʈ䣬ǽµıҲˣǱѩڻһ㣬ǵĽ¿ʼӨıѿ𽥱ɫĺˮ
ֽסһɫĶϷ̧ͷӮˡ
Ȼȴо۵ҪһľˣоµĺˮЬӺȹڶʪˡ
ʱȴסĸ첲һɻصӻ
ȻĴͷĺˮͷʪˣһƣӡ
ȴȻǰѩ鵭ȻУĳ̶ȲμŴѾ㹻ˡ
濴һӮʦ𣬵ʦǰ֮£֪֪֮Լľͱʦˡ
һӳʵҲ𾪺ϲΪҲкΪһս֮ġ
ôպۣҲں޻֮ˡ
ǵĻȻԺ󣬲̧ͷʣʦ˵ҿԵõһ
ȴβҪ
ȻһҪ
ɲô˵ġ
ǿĮ·͸׽͸⣬һֻҪɣϱض֡
ȻסðΣŷ˼ʣʦģ
벻ͨôôƶһ֣ǻû飬ʦֲôôȷ
ȴˣ۵һģȻҲԡһֵңøá
ô˵Ҳǿ͵ͨǲףʦΪʲô֮
Ŀ΢ȻΪ˶סڿڣû㹻ʵȴܳΪˣƱػ˵ĲͶʼɣ
ȻҪƵģɡʦô֪Һ۵һ
Щ죬ʦòᡭ֪ɣ
˵̹Ժʶ޴ڣ֪
ȻԼˡ
ʦ֪˵ˣԵʣ
ŬҪ﷢˿ʦȴǵĮģϲŭֶ޷ֱЩʧ
ȴ·𲢲֪ݣֻȻǿģȻΪΪʲôҪΪͽ
ȻȴﲻԣʦЩͿиɻǸоû˵ʵ
ʦ֪飬ͲɣΪһǿûʶڣȴһǿҲе˴ڡ
ʦܲΪɣ
Ҳ̫Լˡ
ԡӦʦĽͣ
ȻЩͷۣʱʦȴȻü£һƣ㽥ˡ
¡
ȴѾվֱ壬ڲˣ
Ȼͷʦ𡭡Ȼ۲ˣ
Ǳ㿴һֿۣɫڱȥЩʳٶЩ
⻰תҲ̫ˣȻƬ̣׹˼𾪵ʦ㲻ὫЩ˰ɣ
Щ㹻ԼģʦȻһҹͳԹˣѵһҹû˯ڳ
ʦһȻ֮ǰЩⶼԺˣǡʮ־ʮ΢
һҹʦ𡭡ʲôĻ
ƺܰʦӵķ룬ʦֳǺֱܵԵ谡
µʱޱشսʣ̶˼ǡҳԵö𣿡
ʦ⣬Ȼ˳ǣЦرϣȻˣʦ̵Ҳģٶ඼Ӧõģȥ
ɫŻͣؿһۣ˳ʮ۽
Ȼ΢飺ǡ
ԡʦһǺȻ
Ϊٱءȥȶģ
ʦҲ̫˰ɣ


 45 

ӿջȥԺ, һҹû˯š
һŮҵʦ֮ء
ƽΨһ־Ըǵõɡ
ûпˣԼҲûкܸߵ, Ψһľڷڷڷܵ
άסڹΪʦĵλ, ڱŵЩʦǸϡ
ɹڷʲôأһżʮʦôԺ, ѾԼļһҲûС
Ҫ벻˸Ͼֻİ취Ϊ
, Ŷʾ˺øԺץסλᣬԼͼ֡
˺ΪȻһǧ, ҲصĻʧ˴ʦ˳ЦˣЩʦǿҲһձһճ羴ʦҲԽԽ, н֮λ˼
ϣҲԽԽ
һУЩ˵ĸֵõġ
û뵽ŵļᱻ˷֡
˻Ὣ鴫ȥʦ֪ŵ, ±˻ñĳŵĿ⿴
ｫ޴, ᱻʦ, ֮·ҲҲϣ
Ľζܽܵġ
ԼŬһ
, ҳײµˡ
֮˵ˣΪؿǽӻﻹһŮӡ
Ϊ, źû׷
ǺܾܿǴ˴μŴĵӡ
ôֻҪЩ˳, ҪҳǱ㲻¡
Լζҳˣ취Ҳ˿ڲС
*
ջ¼ĵڶһ, ȥ˴ʱȴҪһ
ѲֲǿӲؾܾʦıŮҲֻͬˣһϦһ
һţһŸδ̽Ϣʱȴֵʦ㣬ôصӣ
ûʲôʲôǿضһЦȴֺȻ뵽ʲô漴ƺ˾䣬֪˭ȥݳ𣿡
һ㶣תͷҹ䣬֪ȥݳůģʣʦڳɵĵˣ
Ҳֻһʣȴʦƺɫ΢䣬һۣûС
ЩûоûУʦʲô
ͣｹƲѣȴֻǸԲСʦãҲǳ㣬ֻǡЩá
ʦ㶼ǸˣûзϣҪ鲻á
ʱȴǱߵӻ߳ˣɾСͽܣǰкĿⴥɾޱͶס˽Ų̲ס⡣
ҲǶʦͽŰѩɷǵɾǰͷͽ⻭гãһض
λŮͬǷŮӣȴ˲ǵǵ֮
ҲܰݵɾΪʦ츳ѣɾܸĵҩȶȻҲֲʡ
˵ɾͽܺǳ谮Ȼʲôøġ
ʺ޽ӵʱĿȴȻһ٣ע⵽ӻһǵ뿪ڻɢ
ĪЩ̲ס
ΪҪ½磿
ӻʲô˵ô
ֻǵֺ벼½磿
ΪʶЩų֮жòȻ̰ͼɫʶؽɾҲ㣬ĹҲˣͽǰò٣Ĺô
ϸ۲ǿҪԶŮһ󣬾ͷŮһ㺹졢ҡշӣʵĲ²⡣
ѹɾͽССΪȴǧ꣬ԭΪġ
ȻͬʦҲŵͬ࣬Ҳֵܴİο
ĸ
˵ɾһܵûܺǰ˷ǷﴺһȣҲҲĺ¡
ΪʲôǸŮ˵ǰأ
õҪӵеһС
תһ룬ɾǱ˪һҲΪɫԵĻôǲҲл᣿
ɫ䲻Ȼ鶯òҲˡ
ɾҲܿĻô㲻ͬɵˡ
뵽̬ª綾ҧһ¡
ԽĳԽʱȻ˼ˣˣʦúʦǶȥݳǾȻҲңǡ
˵ţȴȻץסһȵʦ㾹Ȼ¶мֿµĽ飬ʣ˵һ㣡˭һˣ
Щŵ͡ɣɵǡλʦְ˵ţӦеְҵֶץʹˣ
Ȼûеɣϵ֮ɽ磬û˻᲻֪˵˭
ɿץס֣Ҳû˼˲˲ˣЩˣȻȥˣԼɡ
һ㶣ŵؿʦ㣿
ôֵֹģ
ƽʦϻǺչİôȻͱˣ
˵ضıӰ
ȴܲôˣʱ顣
ɾСͽܺʦȥݳǵĻ
ǲǾǳȻʦ֮һأ
ԷǳɵĵӶһΪ׼Ӧòȥݳǵġ
취̽һ²У뵽ʦ飬ĻҲİѱ
ֻҪԴҪЮҲͲ˵ȥԼˣֻǻ֪һ˭С
*
ȻûвμޱԣڶȻҪμӵġ
һʦûôæһȥϡ
ǷǳҪıԣһϵ˵һҲв١
μӵ˱ǰŵıԶ˲٣ܶɵҲˣȻɵǸϴ赤½衣
˫ԾķʽɳǩÿһĳԱķʽҪʱܱȵóս
ԵĳҲΪ˺ܶȻ鵽䳡Ķȴǹɵλʦ
ȻıЩ΢
֮ȴֻǽˣ㰲οΪǧ꣬츳ܲʵսҲУɷһЩ
Ȼ˵ͷʦһۣŵİ
֪ʱԼ꣬ȴǧұΪ츳ѣʦȴֱӵʵ͸оʲôҲʦƵġ
뵽ôģЩ
˸־Ҳȥ飬ֻûпá
֮ȴƺЩģΪǵһغ˶ԾͷҪСıԼˣεҲûôҪ𣿡
ȻҲ֪ʦǹ㿪ЦƵ˾䣺ʦ־Ͳһ𣿡
ԣ֮ȴɫصԾϣֻҪ֤Լ˱á
Ȼ£ʦֵ飬оƺʲôĴˡ
֮·֪ʲôЦЦķ˵˿ɻԼڶԾϣܶԷǷ㶼𣿡
ʦֿʮ͸ģ˸ое˵κηĻ
Ȼ˵ͷ
ʱԽ˺üˣֵϳˡ
Ȼ˿Ѿ˳ӣתͷʦһۡ
֮紵ҵ޷Цȥɡ
Ȼšһ̤˶Ծ䳡
*
վĶ棬һɫȹڷīòޣҲһ޶˵Ĵˣڵӡ
˻ɵһ
ŬԼװʲôҲ֪ӣȺͶԷ˶Ծ֮ǰƽ񣬱ػͨ
ŶɰŮҲкܴĲ
һĴײżǲôһ˵˳ȥӵеһоͻȫˣ
鷢ģ
ﰵ˼ɱôⳡԾýʱˣҲֲ
ȻҲоĶ⣬ü֪ԼǱˡ
*
ͷԺ󣬱Աʽʼˡ
˼ͬʱ֣ǵĶԾһʼ㼤ͷΧ۵Ҳӹע˼֡
Եκι
츳ãȳȻڸľʤΪȳȻǿ˻๥ϱ任ţһʱ˭Ҳû·硣
˲ʱȴȻ£Ȼߵʣǲ㣿
Ȼ£֪϶ǲЩ˳˵ʼˣʱţ㾪ãȻؿһۣ·˵ʲô
üͷѵĲ
ʱԺʯ֮˷ãȻ顣
ı̫иɻˣһ˿ɵĵطˣȴȻһ־ֱ
ȻʲôҲ֪ôֶԾʱѹĻǻûŶԡ
߰˷ȷҲ㹻ɱģɴɱҲܷŹ
мؿʽȻͱ·ĵҪƵġ
*
̨֮ϣ֮üͷ塣
վߣΧһЩʦǡ
â¶Ĵʦ㣬Щɵۣôʦ㡭̫Ծ
ȴ򶨣ؿŵƴɾĵӸƵö·磬ɵصǾҪƴȫġ
Լǳϣˣ̳һͽܣҲĺˡ
ЩҲҲŬˡ
Ժ֮λҲأСŮǲָܽɷˡ
ǻ͵ոˡ
*
ȻҲҪɱڡ
ʽͣΪѹͻ׺ݣҪһɽС
ȻҲƵЩ㽫ŵ˵ȥȴʶ뷨ɱˡ
ôʲôҪ
ȻҲˣ
һɱѸ͵سʱѾ㿪ˣӭһƣͬʱ߶ʦ̸Ϲ֮
ΪԵֵһƣ߶֮Ժ󣬱о˷ľȡá
ЩԴԴϻ۶˫ƣסһơ
˫ʱ򣬱һ۵İ׹ⱬ
󣬱ǿ𵴵òҽһ˳ȥص̨·
˻ȻһʱȫѻȸֻǿڳеòŮʱĿЩ𾪺ͼɵ
*
ֳæҳһˡ
ɵĵӷ׷ܵߣɵĵҲΧһԡ
Ѫˣ·һʹ̣վվˡ
˲̽ͽܵԺɫһǵһָܻˡ
һʩһʥҩȡ¡
˵Ļ˵úóʮˣʱܻˡ
˲ⰵҲŮ߻ɽһ˵֮
ʦþǰ˲С
ֽҩιʦ㣬˵ôأ޳ʦ㣬ô
񻺻ѣҪһȴǣ˵࣬һʱ˵ֻĿ⿴Ѿ߽ĳȻĿ˺ŭ⡣
Ҳ̲סŭվųȻ߲ѵصôԶʦĶ֣㻹û԰
Ȼȴûпǵͷڻ˻񣬵ָ֮ǰǲҪɱҡ
ԣһ㶣漴ҲˣԭȻʽģǱʦĲɱиƵʹȫػġ
ܿ׵ĶϺ͵ȻҲ᲻ס
˵ˣҲԼ˶ѣڶԾϣ˵˵ˣ˵ҲûУҴȥ˵һ
оͬĿ⣬ҧҧľˡ
˵ɫҲÿҲ˵ʲôֻ˵ǹɵ䲻ɾ֮ˡ
ʱɣɵɪȴȻվ˳ǸεصǶԲ⺢ӱʦ軵ˣ޷ģĳȻͷһʦúùܽġ
⻰ŵɫźһЩҪ˵ȴȻһºȴ͸𣺡ɪϣڶԾ˱ĳôĸλȫЫĳˣ
ԣλŶˣ֪֮Ϊʦóͷο˵ĻҲ˭ûڶԾʱ˹ˣ
οⲻɱ˼Ҳŷô
ŶҿȻǴҲҳ±Ͻˮֻܱۻ
֮ĻԺɪϵɫѿˣҲ֪֮ڣֲʲôˣ㰵ص˳Ȼһۣ졣
Ȼ̲ס˻ȥɪϾ֪浱۸أʦ־ʲôҲ˵ˡ
֮ЩЦͷ漴ˣ˻ϣ£ұͬʦˡ
Ȼ鷳㣬СҲͺˣֲó̹ġ
֮Ҫ뿪ʱ˲ҿˣ֪ɾͽܣΪɽĵһ̲סȵȣһлҪ˵
֮Ŀؿ
ĿЩ£ǲóȻôԺȴȫˣգҿ̹ʦӻ֣˽磬òų̹ʱӺԾǡ
£·ƵĿһֽۣŵԣ̹֪ʦȾ£Ҫɱҡ
𾪵ؿʦ㣬Ҫ˵ʲôȴԼʲôҲ˵ˣʦ˽
Ȼߵڰ׵ı¸Цˡ
֮ɫҲˡ
û뵽Ȼ˵ĻҲǰ׳գ˵ʲôʲôʱģҲˣɾٶմǲŶԡ
һŭˣǿɲŰġ
Ҫǵʱ֮ȴȻʵ⻰֤ݣ
ʱҲͲٿˣֻܿ˼Ҷˣ͹ǽ˸ﰡﲻҪԶһ
Ҳ֮ȴĮ̬ȣЩĻţһۣ˵ˡ
˼ʦͽôŸ£
˵ҪɾҲһ˵ġ
ǹɽ绹첻ˣ
ȴ·ûʦ֮ע£΢΢¡ô֤ݣ
ûУ֮ȴȻС
ס
֮˳ȻһۣȻ㽫ʯ˳öʯͷʦ͸ڼ¼Լʦָָġ
û뵽ȻóҲ˻ʯģȻҲͽʦĳ¼
󣬴ҲͿ˳ȻʦԾǾһĿⲻɸ𺳺;ˡ
ɾСͽܻʹˣ˲С
˿ĿȴǶͼܣ䲻ʦͽȾԻһʦͽ鶼ųˡ
ɫҰף֪Լǳˡ
˲ɴŭһ⣬̹Ǹ㿴˵ĶЩʲô߰ģ
֮ȴǸ㲻ˡŻˣº񣬡֮һܸһĽʽ
ס
ȻҲ֪˵ЩΪȷˣʦȾô˵ŵ㲻ˣֻΪĴ汨Ĩ
Ȼ¶زȴҲûҪˣգҿɵŽͬһ䷿ҪɱڵǸˡңŶ԰ɣ
˵Ժȫž˶ˣû뵽黹תġ
󣬳Ȼ㲻˵ķӦͬʦһ뿪
˵ɫȴǾ䣬æֲ̽ԪȴԪѾûˣûҲһȹȥϣ
*
Ȼʦһڻسȹ·ϡ
֮ûʲôͺ֪ŵƵġ
ȻղŻ˵ı;Щ֣̲סʦ֣ô
֮Щ䣺ŻᱻϳΪʦţӴҲ·Ե˰ɡ
Ȼ£û뵽ôأǲԣɽҵµҲͦİѵɵŮӶҵµ
֮ɫʣòͬɣ
ȻҡͷҪɱң³Ҳܣôķģ
֮Ǿ̫أ
Ȼʦһۣʦ̫ˣͷ
֮ͷҲһԵʡ
ʦֵĻȻ֪ɵź͹ɵڴǰȻʦãһΪ˷ޣ˳ûñ˵¹ϵһԹż˫Է˳ۡ
˻һӺһŮӱɵĹ⣬ųΪһɽһ˵Ŀ֮ˡ
Ůˡ
ȴɵ飬ڻ͸һ˰ɣôݵ
ɵſ϶ҲҪˣ±˳ЦҲޡ
ȻЩ꣺·ڻǷĹɴʦ㡣
֮ЦȴȻͣ½Ųʣڣˡ
ȻʦҪʲô
֮ͳǰϵô¶
Ȼûʲô
֮ȴ㲻˵ҲѾµˡ
Ȼ
ʦֿ֪ͳ֮ˣ
Ӧǡϴϵɡ
ô֪ϸڵģ
ȻЩΣ治ǹҪ͵ŵĴģʦֵȴƺЩ΢
ʱ֪֮µĳ˹ǣûô
Ȼ˵֮ȴ΢΢һЦ
ʶ¶ˣɿȻ˵òʦֵ
֮ȴȻȻȻȥϢɡ
ȻǺߣʦºȴǿƵֻܡšһ˳һร
СʦþôˣȻҲ¡
֮ȴסº͵һЦʦܣܺãдһ£

Сʦÿң
˵õĲ֮أ
Ů˵ĻţСŮĻҲˣ


 46 


Բ˱Ƚ϶, Ҫкṷ̈Żյľ
ڽıԺ󣬳Ȼ㽫ʱΪı׼
Ȼʦ˵һܳΪ˵, Ҳ֪ʦӦû˵ٻ, ŬԼǿ
ʱʦȴ, ˵һȥμϺĻ硣
Ȼͳ, ġ
ֻǡȥʦεӰֻ۰ͰͿ˳ҲͦŰģοҲûʲôأ˵ͷ
漴, 뵽ʦ֣ܿҲʦ𣬱ʶʣʦȥȥ
ʦ, ֮ĳ㿴һۣƬ̺󣬲ŵʦϲǲȥġ
ȻҲֻһ, 漴㲻صʦ, һ, һ, ܿͺá
֮û￴ʧջĿ, µءšһ, ΢ȥſڵȺ
*
ϺµƬ򣬾ܽ, ȻܿʦһϺĺ̲ߡ
·ϣѾˡ
γ׵ϺһŮӣɷҲͦеģǱճ
ϺȴͬЩˣԺˡ
Ѿ˵ĵˣÿԺҵת
Ȼмִɷ£ѾȲҪˡ
֮·𿴳ڴһſˮɺĵҩһ˺
ȻͷȻ˺ͷȴûʪЩˮ·Ϊ˿һĴڣκӰ졣
ֻǺĹߺܰʲôҲĵز㽫ҹ˳
ȼµ˺Ժ󣬹߲ſʼ
׸ŹƬ⹬ŵĲˮǻϨģһܷı飬Ͷʣĵú׵ۼ̻Ի͵ĸо
׵һֶصλ֮Ȼ᲻գۡ
֮ǰΣЩЦص
ŸȥĹſڡ
عŵǴɫ׵ϺΣȴܳĵɫϺ룬мֻĸо
Ȼ̲ס࿴һۡ
ϺҪǳʾʱȴһȺӭ˳
ʦֵ̬رر飬ŶҲмӣ˽ȥƺʦΪṫӡ
ȻϸϸһǧˣȴǺӣòЩͨˣֻȴڲͬ
ڸͷߵʱ򣬳Ȼ̲סʦ֣ʦ֣ôô
֮˼ҶԿȻЩ
Ȼ
ʦҲ̫ˣҲʾˡ
*
ĹѾǱˣɡĻ֮ġ
ȻֳЩﲢûʶʦֵˡ
ʦһ±ߵһˡ
ԭʦλʦ־ܾԺԼˣ漴ͬʦֺ˵ĻҲȤġ
ԼͷԶ
ڼʱҪ˵ʱȴһŮǰߵ˼䣬ɫ˼ֽ
ˣæվ˵Ҫȥ·һֻʧˡ
֮Ȼ᲻ȥ
Ȼ;ʦֵ̬Ҳ̫ˣһõڶʦС
ʦ־µĲһۣסûʲôܹʦֿ϶ǲġ
*
ûãȻ㿴ŲҴҵؽˣ漴ǰͣˡ
һֿۣ֮һۣŵṫӣ֪ܷʦðСæ
֮תͷ˳Ȼ·ѯԼ
Ȼʵʲôæ
ҪϲϼʱˡмżصСѣǱ߱˵
ȻͷʦҲһߡ
*
˵Ժ󣬳Ȼԭί
ĻǸйģҪ߹·ɣȴǷŮӣŷļ»Ÿͷǿ·ģҪ˷߹
鵨СӣԴʱ·š
ẦЩ֣ṫӵʦȴҲǸˣܲẦ˰ɣ
ֻһС£ȻȻӦ
ṫҲûзԣ˿мؿע⵽ϵĴ磬£ʣСѲٻѣ
ȻӦͬ·ҲضĴУͬˡ
ùŮȥﻻѣԼȥķﰲ
ȻŹŮȥѡ
Ů׼һǳɫȹԺ󣬻΢˵ױͷϵķҲȡ˫٣˺ɫ˿ƣͷϻ˼ٵСǡ
ͱС͸ɰˣŮݣ˫ˮɫѩɫ졣
ȻҲվӣȹڳȥˣ·ʱϵξͷ
߳ȥͿվſڵʦ֣չȥʣǿǲǺ֣
֮ͶһмֲˣԼǲĺ֡
ʱʦȴְλãЦЦºͣᣬرÿ
ʦֶˣȻãǵΪװĲھɢˣŹŮһ﷿ȥˡ
*
Ȼ߽ӷʱÿظ˵Żһ߸¸ϸͷ
ȻֻһƳȻǿӵòһźû˿ԣ˲
ѹ鲻ġ
ӳȥתӣλŮӣͬһǸˣߣòã
ƺƬ̣ᡰšһ
Ȼĸ첲ߡ
ûеִ˿мؿ˳Ȼһۡ
*
һڱ;վ··ľͷȴ
·㳤˺ܶຣ׶еʻͺɫ˿񣬿ϲ
ȻǰߣܾĵģҶרעؿǡ
ô˶ţȻȴɬûУֲܹףЩ˷ܣо档
ʦҲЦЦȴûϵĿˡ
֮ɫЩˣ˸ԱߵŮ˭
һ֮ɫڻ֥;ģˣĦ˼Ӧò˽ʶʦã㶼ҽڷ˹ȥ
Ȼߵ·ľͷ㽫˹ȥʱȴмչͬ˵ûü˵ʲô㱻ʦָ˹ȥ
Щ죺ôˣ
֮ýȥˡ
Ȼֵؿһۣ͹קﰡ᲻Ƶġ
оʦѣȻû˵ʲôԹԵظһ˴
ȴҶ¹ԺΪӣͬϰһأ֮ͬѪ
˵ѪԺ󣬱΢΢һЩԼǽˡ
Ժ󣬳һȥ˴˶ܱѶԷġ
ɳ֮Ժӽţæ˽Сĵͻ·ǶԴĻƿƵġ
Ժ󣬵ڵЦ˵ȵֽ˿
ȻһѾʼ;ƵЩĽصҸղſˣӳÿƯˣѹôϲ
֮žƱһ٣һŮ˵ͳô
Ȼͷ
֮Ц£ЦǺÿģȴ˸о֡
Ȼ̲סʣʦЦʲô
֮Ҫ˵ʱȴһƽ۵ɾ߹ˣǲƵĳ˺һžϲ
Ȼɻؿȥ
ɾ̲֮Ŀ⣬ҭ˺䣬ע⵽ԵòŮֻһˣ漴·ʲôȻػһתЩȣҪȥӡҪһô
ȻЩȥéҲҪ
Ϊʦֿ϶ģû뵽֮ȻվˣͷҺܿͻԳЩ
Ȼ˿ֿ˿λЩɾŵ˵ͷ
ʦⲻȥéްɣ
飬Ҳסȥ档
ܹʦҲẦÿ˶ԼܵģûҪǵ֪ɡ
*
֮Ժ󣬳ȻһҲЩû˼Щˮš
ʱȴˣﻰʮָм
ȻϴθʦһʱȹһԺ֪Լˣȣʢȴο˼һϾľơ
͵ͷһڣ漴ȴڿ·Ǿ̫̫н
һۣľƱѾˣǡҪһ
Ȼԥһ£òӣ˵ʱľƱȴȻ˶˹ȥ漴ʦº嵭ʦòʤⱭƻҴ˰ɡ
һ£û뵽ɵ˻вʤģֻһӦҲµģ֮һۣע⵽ʦõ񣬱ʲôЦŵȻûʲôԵġ
Ժ֮㿴Ⱦƻģ㲻֪𣿡
Ȼоʦ̲סһ䣺ֻһӦû°ɣ
֮Цˣû˵
ȻҲ⻰˵Լ飬ϴҲֻһ˯ˣƺϴεҪҵö࣬ѾоͷЩˡ
֮£һ裬Ѿơ
ǣⱭ貢ʲôá
ȵϯʱ򣬳ȻѾſ˯ˣʦֱ뿪ʱԺںʦ˵ЩĻ
*
ȳϺԺ󣬱ͷĺһȻЩ˹
ʦֱں̲ϣֻǽǸƵûϰüʲô
ȻԴЩκģ̲ס½ʦ֣ôûйⰡ
֮Ųһ٣㽫ҹȡ
ȻҲԼȻҸʦֽаˣУҲҪҹĹ⡣
֮ЦˣͼˣҪʲô⣿
ȻʶЩԺʦֵ֪ǺһӾͲʦ鷳̲סЩίˣҪԼߡ
֮Цؿһۣ潫Уһԣ
Ȼ۸ˣͷĿѣģǿӰˣô·
Ͷˡ
֮ҲվŲƬ̣΢΢̾˿ǡ㿴¹вУ
Ȼ˵Ļŵ˵ͷ
ӿرɿˣ֮ˣȱ۾
Ȼ۾ȴƬ̣̲ס͵͵ͿʦֽһŻᷢĶλȡ˳ǹâ͡ʥѩ
ԺˣҲûֻ֣Ǵ
ֽ֮˸ȹӵ壬Ž֣ʲôģֻһ֮㲻ˣ𣿡
ȻһۣѹûĻ
ص˵ͷ
֮ЩЦͷҪ˵ʱĿȴȹǴȵЬӵˣȻȹӶ˵Щ
÷ȹӲüһ¡
µʱ򣬳ȻȴĶȻǸСԱɳɸ״Բģģģһߵġ
һᷢرĹ⡣
ȻоԼûôÿֺĶƬ̺󣬿ﱻ˸״;Щˣ̲סһڽԽ˿С
ʱ֮պýȹӼúˣջ֣ͺȻһ١
ǲʲô̧ͷһͲûըˣڳʲô
ҧ㣬ȴֽʱ򣬾ͱʦָˣ£ɫͽί۾Ҳˮؿ
֮վƽԼſº͵ԣȻȻܳԵģ³
Ȼֽ˽ֻǽֱȥ
ͼ֮ȥˣֻýס漴߶ȡ˻
ܶʱ򣬳ȻͷûˣίؿʣóԵأ
ζζǰƣӲЩĵĵ㡣
ʻ뵽ŵľٶ֮ɫЩŹ֣Ҳ΢΢ˡ
غȻȥٸ㡣
ȻΣŵͷ漴˸Ƿ۾ˮһ峺ˡ
֮̾˿ʣˣ
Ȼͷ
ǰſǳǳĺһȻȻ
ûشȻѾ˯ˡ
֮˿ȹķȥˡ


 47 

ڽļ, ȻеĶִȽͨҲһģҲ˳ؽṊ̀ˡ
츳, ֮ϹֲĲ, һʱ侹ȻһӾ˳嵽˾ͷˡ
ûжԼһڶĸо, ǰȹݷĵӱ, λҲйȥ̸мӵʱʶԼѾӱΪɽĺ֮㡣
һζԾĹѾʦʦţΪ, ȻҲûڵϵʸ
˵Щʦ͵͵һʷĲｫ˷ľǡ
ЩǮֻҪַˣҲܹȥġ
᲻ҲͲö֪ˡ
ͬ˽ȴ·ʲôҲûһ, Ȼһ֮
Ȼö˽Щȴǲڵϵġ
Щ³ȻǰύŮ˵ģЩŮҲҪ֮
ԼǲǲҲѧģɱԴﻥġ
ȥʦ, ʦȻǡʲôҲûС
֮ʹ÷ﶼ, ȻҪ⻨ʱ, ȴѧᡣ
Ȼ֪֮κ˶ѧ, ҲͽΪôȴû֪ˡ
Ϊ٣ȻҲͽû֪ˡ
*
һ, ȻͬɣɵļλһȥĶԾء
Ծı¥Ķθʦ, ͬһɵ϶Ծͷһء
ҲǿɣɵĶθ裬ͬԾȴǲͬɵˡ
ҲζŲ˭Ӯ˭䣬ɣɶӮ, ΪһŵҲ͸ˡ
ʦһûϴβμӹԺüûˣҲ֪æʲôȥˡ
æøƵģĶûˡ
ʦȴǲıƵģ˵ˣҲûһ䣬һȥ˷ҳԵġ
ǿȴļ·޲ýȥǵͽƵģɾͽҲ̫ˡ
ƽտŻΪͦͽܵģû뵽ȻĴͽܵıԶһۡ
¼ֵܺͳȴסΪҪĽԾҪˣǶڵӵҲץøˣҲͬɾͽܵĮγĶԱȡ
˾Ժ󣬳Ȼ͸оżἫΪʹϧͺ˲类װ׵Ƶġ
*
˾ĳԺ󣬱ԻҪʮֲſʼȻȥ˵ǵϢ¡
ʱԾ̨Ѿ˸ŵĵǡ
ȻǶΧۿɣɵ츳ĵӵĶԾġ
ԺȴȻһˣӷ΢΢
תͷһͶϹŷɫȴֺĿգƺ˫ϸѾˣ⸱ӳĵǹʸ
⧲ʱ΢΢һ£ĿƣЩɢڣǾҲ͸ż־µУֻֽĿƵԵĲ豭ϡ
Ÿоﰲ˼֣ʵʦ֣ϲ˵޹
Ƭ̣ȴûش̧ͷȴɫĿ·ʲôһ
㿪ڵʱֱߵȴһˣȥѾų˭Ϣ
һλرʦԵʣҲʼԾȥֱ˵Ϣˡ
Ƕθʦ֣ϵϢеζЩǵζţ㱡
漴θЩЦΪûϿţ޹Ҳ˯òУͽǱԡ
θ˵Ժ󣬳ȻͿϹԵıԹˣȻθ˵û
ǵǵסͦԶİҲ˵Ϲʱ͵̰˯Ѿÿɣ˾֪
ȻһϹԣȻûһöʶΪѾִҪ˯ˡ
Ȼ̲סʦڿˡ
ϹۣʦǱ߿һۣ漴ַһǰסĿ⣬漴תͷȻмԵãʦ㣬ڣѵҵġ
˵ţֱһСӺͷţ㽫ͷȥ۾һܵ˯ȥˡ
Ȼ΢ؿһϵж̲סԶθҾʦ
ȥԺʦܻˡ
θЦˣ৵һ￪˾ؾ깬ȣӰսһ˫˵һ۷Ц⿴صСʦ۾ͷֻʦ𣿡
Ȼ
оʦëַˡ
˵θ㽫˻״𣺡Сʦã˵ǰʦȥϺμӻ磿
Ȼͷ԰ʦôûȥ
ĺ˴֮ƺݹϵš
ᵽθ̲ס̾˿ʦҪҼӽΪ⡣
˵꣬Ȼ̲סЦˣƲʦ֣黨ǲݵķһ˵Ϊ⣬ǸЦ
Цˣθ΢ҲЦˣǺȻ뵽ʲôǸ𣿡
ԴӵҲʮȻֵͷĿȴ˶Ծ̨ϣԿʼʱҲ쵽ˡ
ͷ󣬶θЦЩ˫ˮһҲЩսЩִαϣʣ𣿡
Ȼֵ˵ͷһۿʱֱ޵ĸоˣһֺеλþӨ֮Ӧöûеġ
θЦͻɫսִαϵƾǽȦڻͷʣúһȥ쳡ô
Ȼִ˼飬Īֹƻĵ
ȻϰԵͷˣܿͷӦһۡ
ʦ׷Ů·˷ʤϵˣ
θ豻һȴɵģҪ˵ЩʲôȴһǷˡ
΢Ц۾Ϲԣ͵мΣյصʦܣô˯ˣ
ȻҲתͷȥһ˫ƺм˯һЩЩʣôˣ
ϹȴһƵĶθ裬漴˳ȻĬƬ̣ĵҲû磬͡
Ȼû˵˼ˣϿڵ㲻롣
ϹԾͶ˵ˡ
ʮȻûȴЩ΢
Щʦһ鶼ô
һǷëˣһǶʲô棬ʲô˵
ͺۣЩʦ־Ͳ͢һһصɰ
ϹԵĻθüͷһ΢ЦſϹԣҪ˵Щʲǫ̂ȴ
ԡʽʼˡ
*
θͳȻͬʱ̨
Ȼ˫֪˴˭ǰչͨ
ˡ
θȴȳ֣վԭأȻҪȳ֡
Ȼϵسˣһ˲Ʊ㵽˶θǰһ򵥵Ĺȥ̽ȶθ㿪ԺŽĹзŹȥ
θٶȴǼ죬㿪ʱЦź˵Сʦã̶ȿ˲ңɱΪϲҾ顣
ȻĻ̲סҲϲ㡣
θȴЦˣСʦÿķǵҲɰ
֪ţȻ㽫ʵж֤ˣֹٶȸ죬Ƿǰܲɵӡ
ж־θȴϲӣرʻҫۣŮһһ
ԲҲʹȫڴģȴʵҪ˵ᱡĻ
Ȼʱ̲סսŨʦǸȫ¹ﶼϲĺǷᰡ
ȻҲ֪츳ȶθķҲ٣ֻΪͶսһأ֮ȴҲֲ󲿷ֲˡ
ˣ˵ĽȻңһʱҲǲµġ
ƽ֣θû±ʦøϵĸоȴ·ԽԽƵġ
˵ıԼǸַַ˿ۻҡ
ڽսʱ򣬳Ȼһǽħצݶθ㿪ٶȺܿ죬ָ⻹ǽ½󶼸˺ЩҲ˵ĺɫץۡ
θЦˣһ͵ֻܲʵһƷ˿ڳɲǼͷᣬСʦã컯յģҲôļɣ
ȻûϻֵĶѸͣսپ
θ֪ˣѸͣ㿪ͬʱȴȻû˺ܶΧ
ÿθ趼ۻֳֹȣһģޱʵ΢ЦĻȶһģһ
ȻŽ䱸״̬ûзֳ˭֮ǰԷ֣䶨ˡ
ǡǰ֪һأ
ʱȻ֮ǰθʱŵ㣬۾΢
θԻûܶ޷ֱԼֻĶθŻϢ
ˣڶθ賯ʱ۸һ·еϢ漴΢΢´ǡ
Ѿ֪ĸˣȴ⳯żٵĶθһƺԻĶθϮʱתӭһơ
׼ŴһƵģһƼþȫ
ԤԶθʵܽסһƵģҲûзӦٶЩԳûֽ߳ⳡԾ
ڶԾʵҪƲҲҪ
ȻθûзһƸһ¡
Ὣһٻܵʱ򣬶θȴ·𲻵Ȼŷ˳ȥ˶Ծ̨ıԵȴҲѾǳ˽硣
ӮˣȴӮЩûʵС
˶ʸˣɣ¥֮ӾȻһС£
θȴڵϣûж
ȻòӦһθأЩģŰɵ߹ȥ̽
ַ˶θ̽ʱθȴȻ۾ָֽһסˡ
Ȼû߷ɣѳͿθĴǺȻѪ;סˣʦ֣㡭ô
ҡθ·ܣǻѪ
ļλҲˣҪϹ
θȴ֣漴͵ͷַŵһ£صСʦãһķڷ
⻰Ǽٵģ֮ǰѹûĹֻûѣû뵽ϳһƣȻʱסˣȴǱˡ
ϲǸ̾СʦϳǵǶϲ
Ȼ˳֣ûŶθ裬һ޿̵أʦ֣ѪòǼٵİɣ
θ΢ЦСʦòصģˤʱҧˡ
漴ֲ˴ǵѪ
Ȼ
ô죿
ˣ
ĻʳﻹǺһ˵
¥ϣ
Ѿûۿͽˣˡ
Ȼ΢Цʦֲ֣һѪ𣿡
θź֣ȴһ׷СʦþǴҲֵˡ
Ȼޱ飺ǰˣ䵹ǿԿһ¡
θ裺
ĬƬ̣ȴЦ
Сʦÿķǵӿɰˡ
ŭĽ̬ҲˣҪ


 48 

Բ¸, ¹͸ŵĴ϶˷ڡ
ڵһյͭ׵ƣƹⷺĵɫճ˴ǰŵһӰ
½豣Ŵ, װϴ赤Сƿ, 鲻
ȻһһѪ, һزԺֹǰ, ͷ·ʲô谭Ƶġ
ȷǲгеͨƿΪ֮
ϴ赤ѾˣɻǴﲻҪЧ
ձǽ, ƼпɣɵĽ֮Ҳڡ
޷ӱ, ϳֵԤѡ˱ض֡
Ѿô꣬Ҫٵȥˡ
ңʮǰ֮Ժһֱһһѩǰܡ
, ضҪӮС
ڵʵ, ԼûоԵܹӮ֮
ڶܻ, ֮һжĪ, ûзʱѾˡ
֮ȴ·ֻ̳һƵġ
뵽, ½趢ϴ赤
ʣµϴ赤ȫ, ʤҲһ
½׼һϴ赤óõʱȴȻһ罫ڵĴˣڵҲһˡ
¹͸ԡ
Щֻڶ̶̵ɲ֮, ½ǲʲôһ˭
͵ؿһˣĵʶ£˾ͺƾðġ
׼ȷ˵ɶֲ壬ԷûаɹֱϢ˵ԷΪض߳ࡣ
ںڰͷŶɫסˣڷ࣬κܸߣȴĪһѩɽĸо
ȴܸоԷעоԼǱ޶ϵƵġ
½´ͬʱѾ˳ֱָˣʲôˣ
ǵ˵½ǶûѾһɢˡ
½Žֽ˽ĿӾض
Ĭһ˵ѹ͵ɤɳƣʲô˲Ҫ
Ƭ̣Ŀ·ܽ͸ƵֵҪǡ𣿡
һ֮˻᲻ɣ½迴һԼϴ赤̧ͷ̽ǰ˲Ϊϻɣ
óԷƺûж⣬˵Ļȴ׺䶥˶סˡ
ȫ̳㸸׵Ѫˣӳͱ˽ơ˿ԣô㶼ܳɵġ
½辪δؿðΣɬʳڣô֪Щģ
ʵȥɣҲ֪˵ľʵ
һֱƿȻǡԭ
ʱͶ˽ƵǸˡҲˡ
Ǹӵı֮Ҳбˣ
˻ȥ
½սȭͷǸھǰһԥһɱ
ô֪ĲҪֵҪа취㣬
½һ٣ĿⶨҪôң
˵ָһö𵤣öҩڵĽƱ㼴̱ɷֻǡ
ؾͽ׸·ǲʲô𵤣һ޹ؽҪĶ
½ȴĶæֽסˣûڵϣ˿Ľ𵤣̲סʣֻʲô
˵ҪĽƣҪһζӺŽ𵤷²С
½ɣʲôӣ
˳ĬƬ̣֮һѪ½һҪ֮ǰֽŵԭ򣬵Ի֪
ԣ½ֻýɻ˻ȥǵضɶԷÿһֶ˵Ǿ޴ɻ
Ϊ˳ɣϴ赤ʹ඼ˣȻҲܷŹǰĻᡣ
ԣ˳Ͳܻбˡ
ԣ۶ԷʲôĿģ⡣
̲סʣҪʲô
ȴҪһ˽
½סˣȻû뵽ԷȻֵҪҲӦأ
˵úԼ޶ٷֱһԺֻԷȫжϵˣ仹Ͷ̥תĻᣬ˭Ըͷأ
ȴ·벻صǱ㽫𵤻Ҿǡ
½ͳĬˣ˺һŵͬҪ󣬵֪Ϊʲôң
Ϊ븴𣬶븴ĶҲġ˵ĸף㣬뱨Բԣ
½¿ǳ׷ˣʣ㵽ʲôˣ
˵óԸˡ
½˱ۣ˾һ㣬漴ۣУ㶯ְɡ
*
Ȼ˯ʱȴȻоһļ£ѹʱҹѾˡ
ʲôҲûУȴ·Լֱ
ԼĶͷоҲڷ̡
ܲڻɣԴԺûˣǰͶθʦֵһ̫ˣ
úܿ죬Ҳ̣Щڸģ´׼һˮȡ
Ь˴Լһ裬ȲʱļµĸоȴȻǿˣĲ豭ûסڵˤƬˮЬϡ
ץסؿڵ½ļµúЩվЩվˡ
ʱȴȻ˷סĸ첲һʶض㿪
תʱȴʦŷ䵭Į£ʦô
˵꣬ļµĸоȴԽԽǿüͷȻһëȻĸоͺܸоһ˵ĴڣǸڵĵطЩԶڡ
ʶʶ˳ǸӣС·£Ϻ
ʦȴȻ
̶ǵЩͣôˣ
ȻŻع񣬷·γѰʦҵĲ֪Ϊúܿ졣
ôڵֻ̫ˡ
ȻòԣҪ˵ʲôʦȴ̧üĵ£оһע壬ҲƽƤȴԽԽء
۾˯ȥʱֽ̧ס
ǻߵ˴ǰ˴ϣ˻ͺǧûıƵ͡
ڴ£̧ʩһȥ㳹ƽҲκ֮üͷҲ滺ջ֡
˱ϣḧ˸ЩҵĳþǶԴʲô䱦Ƶġ
ʱſȴȻһºͶƵʦôˣСʦ÷ʲô
֮˲豭ˤĶŸϹģû߽㿴ſţŲ£˲ϢѵſڣȴȴƺôȵһĻ
ȴûпֻ洲ϵŮҴҴǣվ·صҪ𣿡
֮΢


 49 

ǻ߳, ֮ߵʱŲҲûͣ
֮վſûһ۴˯ŵŮ漴, һϢķ罫ڵϨ, ҲԺ̧ŸǵĽŲ
ѾҪ߳Ժ, ·ĲЩʲô
֮ȴûҹȥ
𷽲;ٶ, Ǿͨʦͽеĸɣ
Ҳǵധǣֻǲ֪̹̹̫αװȻץ˿ѱ
µ, Щȴǲ²ˣʸס
֮ȿ˿ڣʦ𡭡ΪСʦΪͽ
û, Ųû˿ͣ١
ȴû֮еŭ
ĺãҲ֪ʦַ·ĿһеӣºƽʣΪСʦáʳ𣿡
⻰ֻ̽ѣԼҲ֪ʵġ
Ŷס˽Ų, ͷһ, ҹ紵ĺڷ, Ҳ͸ĥ͸ĸо
ǵƽʱǸԵøʵҲ˳Щ
֮, Ŀ·͸˺ڰҪƵġ
ðΣǲŵﲻд𣿡
֮΢, Į, ЩǾȻˡ
һ˲ؿɣԺ۱صСʦá
ϾĮȤʵںΪһʺñ㽫Ϊͽܡ
ʱĲ²˺ʲôϵ, 飬ʳ֮ġ
СʦȴֻһͨˣҲǰҲûа쳣
ȫҲκɵ㡣
ǶСʦõ̬Ҳû˿ӣչ̵Ҳϡ
Сʦйϵǲ̬ȲŶԡ
οСʦʱҲֻǸʮС¶ôܺ鳶Ϲϵ
ʱȷŵġ
ˣ۲ŻĵСʦõĹע
ʣҲһƭȥˡ
Сʦȥһκӣڤʱлֱڶڹ
ڤԺ㷢ԽԽĶ߿֤СʦǺйصġ
ϣǽ˶ѣȴϣۡ
Сʦþǡ⣬ѹͲбĽ͡
ͬСʦ÷һϦԣһСôֻܶɣ
˭뵽Ǿ֮ᷴһֱѰҵͷߣϾ˭Ҳ뵽ߵŮ顣
µһǡµ֪࣬޷ϱòΪǵΪڻˣ
ǡƣ
֮ĿⶨضŶˣȻԸΪЩ£ֱƵζ޷ֻǿסˣûô¶
Цˣֻȴģʦ𡭡Ͳһϱ𣿡
ǿҲȻЦˣΪΪʲôΪͽ
֮ס漴мֲŵؿ
ΪʦѾǰˡ
Ȼô翪ʼ
˭õΪͽΪݣʱ鲻úöش
ô㿪ʼƣֻ˵ʧٲ⣬һΪ֮
ֻǡʶ˵֪Ｘǲܷģԣ嶼ûн뿼ǵķΧ
ʶͶ̥תеģǡֻһʱѾʶ
Ͷ̥תĿġʲô
֮ؿŶˣվĽǶȥ⡣
ǣΪػߣ꣬ôһӦöΪá
ԣͶ̥תֻΪԼԸ
֮ĲÿЩЩţ龹Ȼʶġ
֪ǾĴڵġ
ΪܰȻµػȥֻܡ
뵽飬֮͸Ƶģм־죬Ҳмָӣң
ǲÿɷص㲻ҲͦԸô
֮ҲΪУҲٰ㡣
ȴġ
֮΢
㿴۵ĿǵҰɡ
֮л̲סʲô˼
ǵá𣿡
֮ס
ȴԾڴˣתˡ
*
Ȼڶʱ͸оԼʲôôҲ벻ֻա
ձһԽˡ
һ磬ͬʦһȥ˽ıԵص㣬һΪƵɽϡ
ȥԺŷʦȻҲڣųһͬ˵Żֻɫţǰѩ˪ӵǺмɾ
ڵȴԿʼʱ򣬳Ȼתͷͬʦ˵ʱ䣬֪ΪΣʦԵЩĬЩûӡ
̲סʣʦ֣ôˣ
֮һۣ˵ĹŹζЩ⣬漴Цû£ֻû˯öѡ
Ȼɫ糣ЦҲǰºʣ㽫ǵĸоˡ
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ҲܿͿʼˣĵһɽؾ
ΪԺˣһ㽣ԶؾнУ˵أֻҪˣؾָҲС
ؾҲһƬϺʮ죬ÿһһΡ
˭ռһ죬ǵڼ
ÿʼĵصһ죬ǿǩ
Ȼ֪˵ûǲеǵһʮߵһҲ˵ֻҪűսͺˣܴǰսˣôһˡ
Ա΢һĵϵеǵڶ
˳Ȼ⣬һЩɵĵҲ˵һĵ졣
ԣ̤ԺһʮӵĻսɱͿʼˡ
ȻԼˣȻԼڰʱھܽ⼸ȫˡ
սȴʱûϣʦֽ꽣ûϣѾӸ̭ˡ
Ľͨ˵Ҫ߳ܶ࣬ԣǲʲô
Ӧû죬ǴʱȻҲսҪһܸϵһĵˡ
Ȼֻһһߵ˹
ĵܸߣĵһˣܽ㿴վɽϣȻҲѾ鵽ڶӶˡ
ȴûйսӦǲΪУȽ˵
˾һֱź󷽵˹ս˾öû˹
ǵĵֺԶҲʲôȻЩˣܲʦں󷽽ӶſˣԾû˹˰ɣ
*
սؾͷɽſеĹ۳ȴһ
˵½ƺһ֮ˡ
֮Ȼһĵ죬˵Ҫնܵһĵ졣
һ·˵ھšڰˡߵȼ춼û˸ȥ֪ԼҲ͹ˣ˶ܹȥһģԼαȥͷأ
˵ʱ½ûͬϵӴ򣬷·ѹڿ֮ʱȥ
һ㽻֣ǵٶҲǳ죬ڽֵͬʱܴһƵһϡ
ѹȥǵսҲõһڶ˵ˣǾһҲ͵ˣȥǱ˴뺣ǾʲôҲûˡ
*
½֮˶һĸ֣ǵĽȻʲ˾̾ͷŹ۳˵Ŀ⡣
жȣȻҲȻҲ֪ЩֻԼ촫ĴѣԵ䡣
ȻҵȶûսЩȵòͷˣ̲סһʦ֣Ҫȴһܣ
ʵҲȵò̫ͷˣԱ£ҲҪһսģԭͬСʦô򣬵Ҳֻˡ
ţȥ˳Ȼĵ죬ǰΣɵСʦãҡҪ𣿡
ȻվŽЦ£ʦǾҲ𣿡
ԣСʦϺǽ˵Ŀֲ˶˵ʲôֱ˿ڡ
ʵҲϲԾҪָŵģ˵Ҳ˿Сʦõˡ
ǻʦãô˵ºˣ䣬ȻǻһӦˡ
Сʦȴеˡ
ţСʦȶ֣СʦþԼ㶢ĿƵصСʦãǾͬʱ
ȻҲֻʦҲ̫ƽ
漴˱ͬʱγ˽ͬʱʹ˽УԷ
ཻʱоСʦõĽ飬ȴɱͬʦöԾʱƵģҲСʦõҲ΢˼֡
һֵ˷ܸС
˵Ľֱ㽥졣
*
˵Ľֱڹ۳Χ۵ĵǵȤģϾ֮½һսҪҾʵöࡣ
½轥·磬ʤͿ˵ʱ򣬴ҵȤ˲٣ʱͳȻսȴüҡ
˵ע㽥˹ȥ
Ȼǽŵ֮ӣĽܿ죬Ҳͣһҵ
˸оʹ죬Ҳ̲סΪòŮĵ
ȻĽ䲻Ŀͣȴ࣬飬ʹõĽҲǳ߼ǧ򻯵ģ˷ʤһʱ˾Ҳ¡
ֻǳȻʵս鲻У·磬ȴ£һʱ佫ʲôԺֻдܶһ¡
˲ĵؿ۳ﱻҵĹƱƵ𽥺˵Ů
ʱѾʹһд绯꣬һᣬʵȴǡǡ෴ɱѸޱȣ·ۼ˱޿ɱܡ
ұΪŮ䶨ˣû뵽ŮȻ˽ӭһ˵ĶȻ֪ˣһؾҲȬģǲĿ
ʵϣȻĴȴĵΣ֮ǰƵôܣҲΪĽҵԵʣΪҪʹ꽣һʽĻҪһ׼ʱ䡣
һʱ򣬷Ѿˣӭһ
ͬʱƱãէ
½Ѿۼ֮ȻҲ֪⻹Ϊ̫̫߳࣬ͬʱ߶֮һۼڽϡ
ײһʱ򣬱㷢һĿĽ⡣
˿ö΢΢һ£漴㿴ӿĽȥĽҲ֣Ƿ·˽ص
Ƭ̣סΣ˵棬ûʲôˣȴЩ㱡
ŶŮ
⻹ǵһΡ˽Ľˡ
һʱЩӣûܵĸоǺ⣬Щ˵ļ
޹ġ
ڿŶֳֳŮĸоͬǴڻʹһʱĸоһġ
ź֪ʶӦòǱųķӦ
ȻЩȻΪһʱܲ˱ܵʵ㸩Ľݸʦ֣û°ɣ
ӽʱָСָŮָϸůȻúഥָ·ùסɫջ֡
㱣Ȼʣ𣿡
ҡҡͷЦˣˡ
ȻЦЩȣЦɲ˵ЦݣֱӮһ㣬ܵĴô
˵ʲôʱȴȻ˳߹ˣ˵ڶɽϣϸȥȴ½ʦ֡
Ȼ½Ѿˣȴڿ֧ţˣѪģȴҪŽ̹֮ȥ
ȻЩ쳣
ʱʦǲľһⲢ֡
ֻǡ½ķӦʹˣ֮һȥʱ½边Ȼ㲻ܡ
漴Ҳ㱻̴ˣ۳µ˲һ
ȻüúܹŹ֣½ȷǶ㲻ʦһģѹҲû㣬ӭȥˡ
Ϊʲô
ɻʱ½ľٶΪɻ
½豻ʦִһʱҲʦִ̳һΪʦֵĽ½ֱܲ㱻һѪۣѪ½Ľϡ
漴½ؿڵĽ㱻ʦְ˳վ±߶ϣʱȥ˺
Ȼ𾪵ؿ½׹ʱ򣬾ȻϵЩѪȫˣ黹·ǵóԸһͻ
Щθ
ʲô
漴תͷʦֵķվ±ߣ½ƺ˼ؿԼֱɫƺЩ
ˡ
*
½뺣ʱΧ۹۳ҲסˣɵĵǲûȥˣɵɫҲǺܺá
ʱȴȻˮȻز
ͬʱϺȻһǼݣǼݵ໹վλ̺λӣƮƮع㣬˶գ۾
Ǿϵ
ڵﲻǿҵҪɵҲӼᶨˡ
ǿǼݽؾﲻˣȴڹ۳￴˳Ϻ֮ϵĸƼǼݡ
ԭȥǼݵʱ򣬲֪ʱ½边ѴӺ
˾ȬˣֻϵȾѪ
ȴƺһɹ⣬˾ﲻѵʱѾǼݣžϷȥˡ
ɵĵӲţʦ⡢ô£
˵½ʦַɵĻҲٲŶ԰οԤѡ˶ûҲûۣȻֱӷˣ
⡭ô벻ͨ
ȴϲɫȻ֪̥ɹǣȻ㲻ʲôˡ
סˣɡ½ʦֲǰ˰ɵ
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ؾ֮ڣ֮Ҳ̧ͷѾǼݵ½裬ĿӹǼԱߵļˡ
ǼλǲӭĿ⣬΢Ƶģæݳȥܿʧ˰Ƽ䡣
֮վԭؾþû
ȻƺЩԣŬȥ˼⵽ô¡
ѾǶ֪½ԭ̥벻ͨһˣΪΪ˰ɣλָ֮ģ
أǼʦֵѪΪ
ʱ򣬽ܿˣҲѾ£֮һֱڵڶĵûȻҲ˵ڶ
Ȼȴûе˵һ˷ܸУЩʦ֣½⧲ͷԺһվ±վ˺ܾá
ˣһ׷
ɽһסʦ֣ȥ
֮ס˽Ųȴûпڣǲ˵
ıӰƺм
ȻûʦӣӦԶеģҲ赭дģ·ʲô¶Ѳ
Ƭ̣Ŀϣһ㶣ֱȻ˺ۣѪڡ
ؾܵǲġ
½轣ϵѪؾǼٵģѪȻҲǼٵģԡ½õѪġ
һʲôֶβؾʦ֡
ȻҲ˼Щ£ǰʦֵ
ʦֵ֣ϵ˿һʱ֮ȴȻס֣סʱ򣬸˻
ʦֵĻůɾǲľŵ㡣
ӦʶҪ˿ȴʦЩڶ𣺡𶯣һͺá
֪ΪΣʦֵǸɾº͵ģȴоЩѹ
̧΢΢ס½οοƵģ˻ʦ֣ôˣ
֮ȴû˵ֻǱֽ˽оЩ͸
Ȼ򴽣ʦֵƺЩȶ
Ϊʲô
Ϊ½
Ҳԣڽؾ֮ǰ͸оﲻԾˡ
ȴʲôҲЩơ


 50 

ڱʦֱסԺ, ȻھҪôοʦ֣ҲʮΪʲôȰ
ûãʦֱѾſ, עɫ, ȴ޷п˿ߣϾʦǹ߻Լʵ, ͸ĵϲŭɫ
΢Цʱ, һĸˣʱȴҲЦøʱһ
Ѱʱܴϸ΢仯ֱ뱻ʲôʱ, ǾҲѲʵʲôˡ
뵽ʦֵӣ̲ס˾䣺ʦ֡û°ɣ
֮ڵĽë£, ƺ΢΢£漴ָֻƽ΢ЦЦЦȻ, Ҳɵ, κ쳣
ʲô£
Ȼ°, ȴЩ, ʦǲǡ鲻ã
ҲˣȻҲ鲻õʱ򡣡֮赭д, ûʲôġ
Ȼ, ˵
ƺҪŪ׵ӣ֮΢΢̾˿Ȼս, ͷ˼͵ǵĻʦЩĵ£
Ȼʣʲô£
֮Ů˵ݣ΢ƺ𣺡ϴƺʦһȥݳǹҹУͦģ
뵽һιҹУȻһֱĶ֧Ŀ־壬̲סʦ֣Ҳûôġ
֮ЦˣŮ峺ʦȥһΣ𣿡
Ȼҭ
ôȻΪĶȥҹˣ
ĵǸ˲Լʦ֣
*
ҪȥݳȻûһɽװˣ˱Ȼһ˳ȹ
ȻվɴһɫĶԽȹһ򵥵ķͣ£ʦûô㽫Ҳ޼䡣
ŵʱʦҲѾѰ˵Ĵſڡ
ʱĽŲͶ¡
ûôʦͨĴ磬һͨͨīɫۣ½оİƣȻͨҲǶ֮ǰĴԵģǷڷ˵ĴҲǹӼˡ
ĺڷɢڼϣѩīĵŷɫ׵ʣȴƽʱЩмˮĸӵĴ˵һۿʱһ־޵ĸо
ɵվʲô֮һ
ȻᲽ߹ȥ̲סֹôͲأòȡǲԵģʦŲʲô˰ɣ
ߵԵʱ֮㿴ͷϵķ
ע⵽Ŀ⣬Ȼæʣʦ֣òÿ
֮͵Ǻÿġ
ȻҭƬ̣أ
¹֮Ц£㣿΢٣ͷЦȻȻúÿ֪ҲҪʦ֣
Ȼ
Щˣٵˣȴϲʦֿԭˣʦִʺƨļɾȫ˾ø䣬·ôΪġ
ƮƮȻ͸ҪƵģˬ
ѹ֮ǰƵ鶼ˡ
̲ס뵽ʦ֣ʦʦּ䣬ʦܱƵø˻ɵЦǮ
*
ǵݳǵʱɫѾڵĸȴǵƻͨģŵƻ𣬾ֵԵľҲŵ
гڵ嵶ڽѲߣϵȴʮֺгģ˵ЦڶӪһʢ̻
Ȼʦڽϵʱ򣬾͸окö͵͵ʦ֣ݳǵ翪ţΰҲãδŮҲǿŵģֻЩŴ󻧱ȽϽŮ㲻Ĺء
֮ȴ·ЩעϰΪڵɫҲûУͬ˵Ż
ϴγЩʲôʡ
ȻҲû룬Ҳػش𣺡Ĵ˹䣬ЩҲûʲôر¡
֮ʲô
Ȼͳ
˵ԺͶʦֵź֪𣬶ʦֶԣһûرɣ
ʦ֡ӦҲϲ԰ɣ
Ȼ£Ƶ˾䣺ʦ𣿡
˭֪֮Ȼ΢΢ͷһۣ·
Ȼá
*
ɣ֮ǰλʦһȥǼ̯ǰͷ
ǼҳԹζУҪǺܸɾʦӦҲܳԵȥġ
ȻʹȥϴǼС̯
ʱʱѹ˷ķ㣬Ҳûʲôˣ徲ġ
ǰԺλүүһۣЦˣιûˣ
Ȼû뵽ǵԼһ֮¡
漴үүתȥȥˣ¯ӣٰĲȼ
֮β΢磿
ʦһʱүүضùϵˣҲûͣϾʦֺ͸Ҳ˶٣ûҪ͡
û뵽ʦȴЩ档
ȻͿʦһۣЦʦָòԴ˰ɣ
֮ÿӵһ٣漴Ц㵹
ȻҲ֪ᣬû˵ʲôˣӹݹĿӡ
*
ܿ죬ˡ
Ȼ˶档
֮ÿͷһڣע⵽ߣԺ󣬲ŵÿ𣿡
Ȼʣʦ־ζô
֮㿴ͦõġ
Ȼ£ʦֵɫʦֵĺã²óҲֱ˵Ҳ׼˵ǲĻ
ʦһһ𾲾س棬ȺЦֵſĸоܺãƽȴ͸ּ˰ܰ
˵Ҳƽ·۷ʲô£ֻҪʦڣͲһˡ
ʱͷȴȻ˼ؽܿͽһӸռˡ
ȻûעǣܿͷǳʦģΪһȫ͵͵ؿʦ֡
ȻǵĿ⣬̲סʦ֣ڿ㡣
֮ȴѾ˿ӣڵԡ
Ȼֻüӿ˳ٶȡ
ʲô֮Ǻˡ
ȻšһԷЩٶȣȴһĵۡ
𣿡
Ӧǰɡ
ÿƵġ
ҪȥסĶ𣿡
ţͽˣǵͣ˭ʡ
˻иӴĹˣʣӣ֪γơ
Ŀⴥī¹ʱ͵ӬˣϵͷûˣʲôҲ塣
ȻҪ̧ͷȴȻʦʣԺ𣿡
ȻԺ󣬲ŵ˵ͷ
֮һۣ΢Ȼþ˲ǵգǱ߰ɡ
Ȼšһ
˺ܿ뿪̯Ůӵǵͨ죬ʶ˺ܿܲùϵľٶ̫嶯Ҳ̫ͻˡ
̫Сλƺѹûע⵽̫ѿ
ļλŮҲȴ̲סԶȥıӰ
*
ڽϵʱ򣬳ȻʦԱߣ뵽֮ǰЩ͵͵ĹʦȴһҲעǣ·û˿ȤƵġ
תͷʦ־µĲ̲סʣʦ֣ϲʲôĹ
֮Ų΢٣Ƴһۣ赭дΪأ
Ȼ£ȴȻ󲻳ʦֻϲʲôĹ
ƺʲô۹Ҳ޵˷ָº͵ľģȴȴľУܶǰ᲻ԾþнϲĹʲô
һʦ
οʦôæĶʱ
ţ̽Ż˾䣺ʦӦáϲɣ
ԣ֮ŲͶסˣƬ̺󣬲ŲһۣЦˣǴ
ȻӣʦԼҵġ
⻰ɲĿ
֮˻Ȼϲʲôû𣿡
Ȼ
û
Ǻ˽ʦֵϲ񣬵Ҳϲɫ·ȵСϸڣҲûʲô׽Ķ֪ϲʲôĹȥ
ԼǺ׽ֲĿǷΧ֮ڣǲǸƵ
ƺãȻӣ֮ҲûһǰͷӵƵĵطȥ
Ȼ˿æšһ
*
˱ߵӵƵĵط
ƵʽиָģлžģҲлŶģҲл˵ġ
ӵƵʱԱ߻һһԶһԶĺӵơ
֮һ϶µһ飬ӵƣһ϶һƴŻ϶µŰ
϶𣬺ӵϵ϶ƮƮɡ
ȻһۣЩ⣬Ϊʦֲϲɫġ
ȻͽҲһһֻС꣬Ƚϲֿɰȵëޡ
漴㷢ʦֿһۣܿʶĲǰֻӵơ
ʦȴû˼
ߵʱҲֻӵ֮˻Ǻӱߵʱͽ͸ʦ֡
֮һ٣ʲô
Ȼʦֲϲ𣿡
֮һۣȴұȽϲֻꡣ
Ȼԥ£㽫ˣһֻӵƵݸʦ֣
֮ˣ˶·źӵƵʱȴĬؽСӵƷŵһĵط
Ȼ϶µֻӵƵƮˮӶǺӵƣˮܻкܶŵƵˡ
֮ע⵽Щ˷˺ӵƻԸʣȻȻʲôԸ
Ȼ˻治ȷԼԸʲô͡ƽƽžͺã
֮Щ΢ؿһۣƬ̣ŵûкΰԸ
Ȼʣ硭
֮΢սǺҹͳỺ͸޾ջ󣺡硭֮
⻰̾뵽˾ò˥ˬ·ʶؾѿڶȻɺӵˣ
˵ԺͷʦֵɫˣĬ
Ȼ
͡Цѡ
ʦôûء


 51 


ӵԺ, Ȼʦһ˳ȹʦֽ͵˷ſڣȴû̾ߡ
Ȼ, ʣʦ, ʲô𣿡
֮վſڣ¹, Ҳûе, 㿴Ƭ̣ŵұˡ
Ȼ£ʶʦ˵߲ǻط˯, ӦҪ뿪ˡ
ѹҹУԭΪ
Ĭ˻΢΢ͷ, ԼЬӣʣʦҲһؿɣˣ
֮Ƭ̣Цˣḧ˸ͷ, ȻȻ᲻ʦ, Ҫһȥ, ҲǲС
ѡҹ, ôӦмҪġ
ĻȻƺΪصʦֱ;뿪, Ҷϰ, ô᲻ã
ִ֮ſϣ΢΢ͷһ, ˵ĶͷЦ£Ȼôûģ
Ȼ˾䣺ʦһҪȥã
֮Ц΢Ҳȷ
Ȼһ£ƺͦõӡ
ʱ㿴ʦֵȻһƬǻ״Ķɢ¹Ĺâرˡ
̲סʣʦ֣ʲô
֮ȴִֻʩһ괮м䣬Ưִ͸˼֡
ȻֵɫĻ꣬ʦֵͷ𣺡һ»Ϊ֮ֵһйķ
ȻűЩƵĻ꣬м־ȵؿ֮
ôΪ̵Ķˣ
֮ȵĿ⣬ȴûͣͷΣգҲ֪ͨģԣʲôʱ򣬶Ҫȡ֪𣿡
ȻһƯִֿһʦ֣ͳ£ԡʱҲȡ𣿡
Ƭ̣֮С
Ȼ˵ͷʾ֪ˣмɻصʦֽ֣»һֻ
֮΢ؿƬ̣صһֻС
ȻŶһͷȥִĻ꣬ⷨҲ̫Ư˰ɣ
Сֽ֮ŵҲڵʱʦԶһ㡣
Ȼ̧ͷ
֮Ŀ⣬ɫ򶨵ص㲻˵ѾϲʦǾͻǺ־ȽϺãҪֱᣬϴڽ飬Ҳϲȥ㡣
ȻҲôģҲٴαοʦͽɽǾԽֹģΪ˱Ҳʦ𱣳־ġ
ûɾܾ˵ͷ
֮Цˣºͣʱˣȥ˯ɡ
*
֮߳ԺԺ󣬱㿴վڹſڵĳĽŲ΢٣漴ߵǰʦܣɫƺ̫ã
΢ЦмҧгݵصһΪʦ֪ԭġ
֮ɫºͣҲЦˣ𣿡
ŭ½û⣡
뵽Ϊ˵˵˶ʱ䣬ܱСʦøײ޴棬;֮ڿǿ赭дӣ͸ˡ
Ŵᶼˣȴûҵ飬ʲôܲǼٵİɣ
ԣֽСʦϡ
֮ǿź
Ҳź⸱򶨵ӣҵǷһµ
֮
ŵʦ֮ǰ˵ѹΪתҵעɣ·ҪʲôƵģɵǸ˾Сʦðɣ
֮΢ƽ˵ʲô
ЩŹֵૣŴͷȻСʦã츳Ҳõ̫쳣˰ɣ΢٣漴̽Ƶĵ˵͡ʲôϵ
֮ɫȻûаֲֻǵ𣿡
Ͳôˣ
ϴ˵
ƽּ˼֡
֮ȴȻûһ仰
һ㶣ʲô
֮벶ȸں󡣡
Īʲô˼
֮ȴЩͬ飬漴ļй飬ȥɱۼ̳λúá

ҪܸɵùۻõѰ
*
ȻڶһʱʦѾҹ뿪ˡ
Ҳʰðʦһ뿪ȴϸ֪ʦѾһȥ˷䣬һȥ
ȻͳĬˣ˭ҵʦҲûʦĴˣͽ˵Ͷкһµģ
ųһȥɵŴǱ
źͿɣɵļλϻʱ򣬳ȻͺͼλʦһڵԺ
ʱȴˣֱֱߵǰмֽʣʦ֣м仰˵һ£𣿡
Ȼһ⿪׾֪Ҫʲôڿɣɵʱ;űףǲӵģֱ̧žߡ
ηӦʱƺĿ⣬Ȼתͷһۣ漴ֿԵ͢
Ȼûֱһʲô˼ʱѾͬߵ΢Զһĵط
ʱ͢Ҳ΢΢ͷСģ˼̰Ŀζ
ƺЩӵ˵Щʲôɫȴܲ飬Ǹ֮䵭ӣԺֻ˵һ仰
˵ʲôǰɬȻתȡŭ޵ȸʱͲµ϶Ǻתؾͽ˸ܾˣҲû
ҳԭĹʹһ֮˵¶ֱӣûôƵġ
ܵܺûôԱҲġ
ʱȴȻһۣŭݵӵָֻ˳ʱĽȹڷһ˹ſڡ
Ȼ
ʲô
ֲ¡
ȥ͢Ƭ̣ĿתһߵϣƬ̣΢΢򴽡


 52 

һεĻسʦ, һ·Ҳûʱ䣬мֹƼֻһʱص˿ɣɡ
ڿɣɵӶŴʢǷǳע, ܿӻļǶŴϵľ
Ȼ˾Ͷˣ
һŴһȻǡСʦã
ǿСʦ, ֻСʦ츳ٺãʮѹһڸʿҲ̫˼˰ɣ
һϸڵʱ, һôʵС
Сʦܵõһʵ˫صЧɣ
, Сʦõ˵ڶҪɾص
ξĿԣСʦõ˵һҲǿܽ, ļãִִСϤ, úҲȻġ
һȱ˲ᣬͽſԵĻ˴˶θʦֺʦ֣Ѿ˵ʵѾǳǿˡ
ʦֺɾĽ̵й, СʦԼʺ˵ҲǺõĽ
뵽̶ʮͷɵۡ
Щ˾ƫ˵, ʶʲ
ֻ취ȥһ˵ˡ
οСʦôѸ, ˵ʲôأ
, ǰȥСɽݷõĵǾԽԽˡ
*
˻Ǽɵɾȥ, ˵ȥ˷, һֻܾòСʦƢֺܺãСʦûоܾһǰȥ̵Ժ, ĵҲͷ׷Чˡ
ȻԼһ˴СɽҲģЩʦʦһķȻҲûоܾɡ
ʦҲڣҲصĻᳳ
ʱ򻹻˳ЩСԵĴĴĶС
ȻҲ׼һЩɽϲɼ֮ʳ֮ԣ˵˲ȤŰԡ
̶̼֮ڣСɽѾһɨǰȣ˿ɣɵ¿Ժȥĵط
͢ҲһΣڱܶŮΧԺҲûˡ
ɣɵļλȻҲ֪СɽܣֻҪڿϺúʲôȻҲܡ
ܿʹɪϵĶ뵽ԼֹȥĵطȻѾͷȻôСɽ֣Ͳŭա
˽õļӣڵСɽȥˡ
*
ɪʱ򣬳ȻڽһŵСʦСʦһֻӾСģҲ׼
˱۳һ̸ЦģҲڴģģбԵģһԱΧۡ
ɾͬɾһɾĵطһɪϵɫ£һߵĴԶ
Զ˼ʵʲô⣬ƽѾˣҪһʲôԣ
ǽõִӣȻΥ˼ֻһȵɾ֮أ˺֣
һȽһתͷվڹſ̨ϵһɪһôˣȴǷ׷ͣ˶
ӾʦĽŵˣö䶼䡱һð˳
ȻסЦ⣬ϵĽһµ÷Ķ䣬ͷŻ˺ܶ࣬ûϵģ
Сʦ㿴һۣŵ˵ͷ仹ڶĬĬض㵽
ȻתͷһɫɴȹɫɪϣҲ϶ʦ鷳ġ
ţȻƺмֲصôˣ
ɪɨһλӣĿ˳ȻϣŮǽ飬˺⸱߻Ṵ˵ףЦ㻹ʣ
Ҳĺúöģɪȴ·ʲô񼫵ƵģôװͰ͵ظСʦ˵Сʦô죿
ԼҪģܷܲСʦ˷
һŵʦֱ̲סվɪϣΪ̽⣬ûкʲô
һеվάȻּҲ׷׳͡⣬ɪﲻŭųȻҲˣصסڣ
ɪΪִڵӼ˺Ͽ̰󣬼Ѿãôһ˵ʶͰ
ɪ漴˳Ȼɣɵʥأֵģÿдһٱ¾һ罻
ȻĵײҲ˵ʲôˣͲһٱ¾ôˣԼʦʦҲΪôСȥɪ϶ϡ
ȻȴڴɽɪϹܵˣԣɪϣ˵ֻѣֻΣɪ϶ȻǲûдһŹɣĴδҲ̫Īˡ
˲ɾؿСʦãȻֱӵָɪϣ漴뵽ɾͽܣʦôûʲôɪ϶ϻԿ
СʦһסСɽģ㷸˴ҲɾܣֻҪûŹ棬ɪûȨġ
ɪڴɽѱĵǣģҲǻԹԵصͷϴ
ԣȻô˵ָ񻹷·Ǿڹ˽뵽֮ǰǼαɾܾʱڳŭһƱ㳯˳ȥҲģ
ǳϣҲûаװ׵վĵ
Ȼûɪһƣ㿴ɪϺȻҽһ˳ȥص˵ϣõļλӴ£Χ˹ȥȴɪؿںȻŻһѪ
Ҳɾסˣ˵Ū˭ˣܵˣҶû
ʱһѩӰȴȻǰһ漴Ӧ׷׸


 53 

ʦ𣿡
ȻҲЩԾ, վڲԶİӰ΢漴һɫĴӽ, Żмֳ
û, ΢΢˵ϵɪ
ʵƽ, ҲܵĮ, ûʲôȴ޶˾Լ˵ĸо
ɪ彩סǵѪûȥȻһɺ, ͷ·ԼǰС΢þűߵһֻʱϡ
ûֻǰȻһŮάˡ
εº
ǵʲô
ɪ֪ΪʲôôʣΪظ˵, ûĻ㲻ع
һʱЩ漴Ŀȴע⵽˳ȻЩǣֶ˶, ̧ͷǵ, Ҫ˵, ȴںӵɲǼоһּǿѹȸ, ѹȸб۵ʱҪ
ִ۾Ÿо, ֪ɾϲСɽ, Ȼȴ˽ԴôӾ֣Ȼܲܣԡ
ɣǴ, ԾƽỺȴ·Ѿͷ
ɪ£о˵ĵطڿʼˣƵ°ڣǲֻ̫Ŀˣɾڣֻɾܽѡ
˵Ժ͸оһɼǿѹѣҲԾһɴ̹ǵĺ⡣
ȫĵҲܵѹĲоȫӲ޷ĵһֶǿߵĿ־С
ȻȴʲôҲûиоֻǴ˵ķӦ쵽˼֣ɿʦǺƽһûʲô飬Īƺһ
Ƭ̣ǵͬʱҲоϵѹȥ˿
պʲô㶼عܡǵҲ
ɪϷӦ˵ʲôԺ󣬲ɶʻ𽻼ӵؿŵɾΪҪ
ʲôϵǵûϵʲôΪʲôҪܣ
סЦɾ⻰ɪˣɾ˵ҲûͽΪʲôҪһܣ
ɪؿ˼£ŵǽõĳϣܵľŹɣ˴Ȼ
ڿʼ㲻ˡѾͷӦٴδ
һ㶡
ɪɫסˣɡɾ˼ǡ
ҵ˼ԺýҡǿڣԻȥˡ
ɪ͵ס˵ʲôڶǵʱȴֿ˺䣬彥䡣
Ȼ˵Ļȥָ뿪ɣɻصԼȥĵط
֪ɣɵĿǡΪ˴ҵ
ԡ˻
ɱһ仰Ҳû˵Ҵ뿪Сɽ
*
ɾԺλҲ;нˣٴȥ׷״ǣȴֱǵһ䡰Ǽԭء
һɾ·Ĳ˵Ժ˵ڣǶͷ
Ȼһɫİһֶֻװ֦ӽ˵ڡ
ǾϥݸϯϣϰһðɫӻزŽɫӲ㽥Ⱦ˼Ѫɫ
ȻĿ£֦ͰϣʣʦЩѪǡ
ǵ֦ϣ·˳ɱ˼ֻ
Ȼ㽫֦Ǳƣ漴ֵǡģ
ǰ֦Ƥ¶˾ӨĹ⣬һԺ󣬲ޱءšһּ֦
״Ȼûмʲôˣۻûзʦ顣
ʦЩʦʦǡŸúһµġ
ȴƺһۣ˵ʲôԣͬҽ͡
Ȼ㲻˵ȥˣרעذ֦Ƥȥˡ
ʱǺȻװĴ
ȻһɫİΪʦ죬ɲؿһۡ
ֳһ֦ƺϲζԺ󣬷ֽŵĶǸȥ׼ġ
ҡȥ䣿Ȼһ㶡
ǿһۣԣλõ㣬ȥ˾ˡ
Ȼ
ܻʦʱϽȥ飬Ļ˵ѹͲ֪¡
*
ȳȻϵʱλʦѾǶˣλҲλͬ˵
ˣҲûֻв׵ıȳȥ֮ʼʦֽ֣ŷŵĻ˵ȥ
Ȼŵĳϵȥ˷ԺҪǵñֳģҪ̰쳾ǶаħҪŹ洦ã顣
ȻţЩ׹ˣӦѾԤѡ˵ȥ۹µȴٵġ
Ϊʦǰ˵˵飬ѡҲǺ⡣
ֻǣȽɻһǡǼѡˣ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ʱųԱߵųºͲӦҲ֪ڷ䲻׶÷Ҳ׽ҷ˵ǽҷǿ⵽ɵġ
µļλӶӦһǡ
ųϱֽŵͨ˶벻֪ŵĴڣҲܱ¶ݣЩĵһαװɻЩķʿɡ
λһһӦ¡
ȳǸ˵Ķ˵Ժ󣬳Ȼżλʦһá
ȥԺ󣬳Ȼ̲סʳԼɻ󣺡ǶΪԤѡˣ
Цǡ
ȻĿڼתһȦǡ
εֻʦֵ֡θŵǼҪȥģϾȥҲͬˡ
ȻƣΪʲô
ȥΪ˻۹º÷ɣȥʲô
θЦˣЦʱ˫һ۸ˣʦֶױƭģȻҪȥСʦõġ
ؽҴʦֻҽȥѡ
Ȼһ۶θ裬Ҳ͢Ӧֻǲ뿪磬ĿĶǡȥɣ
϶ͬˣȻҲᷴԣο˶ҲЩȻֻ͸֮ˣһ·ϲˡ
*
ڶ죬Ȼʰ˶׼ͼλʦһɽˣȥ䣬Ǵڿɣɵģ黹ЩȸԾġ
뿪ʱʦȥԵʦǱˣǵʦ𶼺ĳͬ˵
ԼʦǰΪʦ𾭳ڿɣɣϰ˺ķֱ뿪Ҳûʲô
ʦҪɴ࣬˵ЩʲôǱĳ滰ͱʦĸָ˻ȥء
˵꣬תˣôˣ
ȻվڿɣɵĽ籮ǰʦԶȥıӰ
аɡ
Ҳͦõġ
ʦԽ˵ĹϵԽԶԭĿԾԽˡ
ʦĵĮûκӰ죬ﻹʮڴȥģɣɵʦʦô롣
ʦԺǶο߶߶ضڷע
Ȼ;ÿɣЩʦʦ㻹ͦɰġ
*
ǴǱѾǰʱԺˣǼз˿ɣɵĵ̣˿ɣ뱱ĵطƬϱѾǷˡ
Ƭϻסںߵ棬ǱûмУǾӦһ²÷ķͣڰߵһһ
һҲǿɣǰĵ׼ģ˴Ժ󣬻Ϣֻصԭء
ֻǣϴԺ󣬾ڷĵһС⡪
ǡ˭ỮȻԼǲģֻܿˡ
ԣλʦֶĬˣӡǶġ
㻹ֻ÷߶ʻʱϹԺȻվ˳ƺܲԸصһᡣ
ȻһۣԣϹǿʵûվŲѿڵġ
ʦžͲվŵˣҲͦΪġ
Ȼʦ̽ңǿԻŻ
ԣϹԱ˵ͷݸһ
ȻͿĶܼ򵥵ĶҪ˵Ϳˡ
ҲϹԵĴĻʼǰˡ
漴Ϲͣƺ뿴ûѧᡣ
ȻѧĶ˴ȻõģЩʧ󣬾Ȼ߻ȥˡ
ϹԱƿطһ߿Ŵĺˮһס֣Ҫ㲻ƫˡ
Ȼѧ棬һʱҲûʲôԵġ
Ա߿ŵļɫ죬ֻǶû˵ʲôʲô˶θ裬ϹСʦõֽɾмִĿЩա
ôû뵽ǸӽСʦõĺûأ
뵽Ҳ
ţǰһסϹԵ󣬽һߣԼȥĴСʦһЦСʦãɡ
Ȼ㲻ǲ𣿡
Ѿˡθ˵ţ漴һԱߵϹԣ΢Цʦܣ㲻ɣ
ϹԿһۿտյ˫ֿ֣һ۶θĴҡҡͷ漴˸ǷһСͷͷһɣͱ۾·¶θٽƵġ
θ裺
ȻʵѾѧˣθô˵ҪЦرֿصǶʦԣ
θСʦĵЦݣ£Ķ£á
漴Ŵںˮ˼¡
ˮ¡
ȴǡƷ粻
θ裺
ûЦ
ȴ·𿴴ʵĿģһЦˡ
θ΢ЦЦȴܼ٣ݹȥɢصʦҪҲԣ
˵ĿʱȻ÷·ܿ䣬΢΢ͻʲôô棿
ȴĽӹ˴¾ͽˣûаʧҲûͣ£Ǽš
밶ԽԽԶˡ
θ裺㲻ǲ𣿡
ˡ
θ裺
˵꣬Ҳûٿθ裬ǽĿһŴŮϣ΢Сʦã·ҲԶ
˵Ŀ΢΢ˡ
ȻؿһˣҲС
֪ΪʲôоʦֵЩֵֹġ
Ҳԡ


 54 

ڻʱ, ȻСʦãȥ
ȻʵҲûõһطȥ˿ɣԺûôȥ, Ҳ䵽Щط
㿴ڴͷļλʦ, ûʲô뷨
θܿؾ͵ȥݰɣ˽ܵ, , Ǹĺȥ
Ϲһۣͬ⡣
ȴֱһƱˣ΢ЦΪģȻȥЩĵط, ҿĮͲ
ϹԾͿЦݺĳɴؾܾҲȥ
ҲͬصĮɳ̫Ҳ, ôСʦȥ
漴˾ĬڴϱߵĵܵܣЩС͢أ
͢һ, ֿԱߵŮһ, Ӻݡ
Ȼһ;ܶ, 漴ⲻʮ֮ǰĵط
ȻҲѾļҾӺ, ǾúòȥһӦȥұһͨ͢顣
ڳȻԼҲûҪ, ֻǲ֪Ϊڿɣɴʱ̫, Ϊ˴ļ䣬ʮ֮ǰļѾúģˣöǲ
ֻǵʮ֮ǰҲͦõġ
*
ӺݳǾ뱱ҲȽԶ, ˴ԺɫѾˣǱҹɫУһʱѾӺݳ⡣
ӺݳҢĵؽ磬뾩ҲԶַ
ӺݳԺҹиոտʱ򣬽ﲻ̯ĽҲڶ
ȻΪʮ֮ǰļģԺҲؼҵ·ǲġ
߽ӺݳԺһ־ΥϤоƾֱ׼ȷҵ̼ҵլԺ
̼ӺݳҲǴ˼ңסĵطڸŴլԺȺۼıַ򣬲ҡ
ֻǣǿҪ˱ֵʱڱϽֵĽȴȻʻһֱײ
·ϵ˷׷׾̶ܣ˶ʱСˤ˵ģ΢ǰˮ̯Ӷײ÷ˣˮҲ֭ˮĽ
ȴ˿ûмٵ˼·ѹҲûʲô˲
һԱСˣСű·ˣǹԶЩ·
ŵᡣ
ȻĬʩһСȥ
ӱǲȵʲôȻסֱһϵˣҲͷХһ˱㱻ͻأıʸòҽŹ˳
ϵС˼Լҹˤŵɫˣæǰȥ
ӣû°ɣ
λ΢֣ϴżӵܵĸ֮βŭǲúüݳ
СҲί⳵Լùǣ
ӴʱˤʹˣҲ˲ϽѵǣæһС˻ȥµ
СӦһҪȥʱ򣬹ָ˿ڣ̧ȥ˱ӾͰƤ
СæȥˣһС˺ͳСȥվԺȥԱߵĿջţĿȴȻһ١
ǰͷһŮתˣתʱĲݹ߻谵ҲڲסŮʮֵòƵ˾޴ѣ۾ֱˡ
ʶ׷ȥʱȺȴӿգۼ䣬ѿˡ
*
˼˳ű·һֱǰߣת䴦һŴԺеҾǳլˡ
ȻĪ˼ֽŵ˿ߵ˳լſڡ
̧ͷһң
Ȼͷ
ƺĽţǰţźܿ㱻űߵĻˡ
һ˿ſڵļˣǼòף̬ȱ㹧˼֣ʲô¡
ȻûڣȴȻֹ
תͷ㿴һϺɫڳլſͣ£漴ʰڵһλ˷
λʺƣͺܺദӣһע⵽վڼſڵļˡ
£漴ĿվǰͷŮϣĿһ٣ǰ˼ɵصȻȻǡȻȻ𣿡
ʵģ鲨ԿóѾȷǰŮ˭
ȻڿʱʮУȻǲСʱˣȴҲ֪ǰҲǷǳ۰ģֻǾñط꣬Ȼ˼ֽӵĸо֪˵Щʲôֻǡšһ
ڵõĿ϶شԺ󣬳̷˵ˣǰס֣·ķֱҲûǱ˿裬ĿϸϸشǰŮЩʪˣȴ·һº͡
ڳ̷˴ЦҪ˵ʱ漴һˣȻҲ˳̷˵Ļûˣһ߲ľһ߱һѶɻˣں˭˵𣿡
̷ƺ΢΢üͷ΢΢࿪ӣɷܿߵŮЦʲôˣúÿ˭
˳ŷָķ˹ȥŮԺȻòСʱЩˣʮŮһ۾ϳˣ־ϲ߹ȥﱧŵĶ˶û
ſڵĻԼүһһ
ڳʱ򣬳ȻҲԼĸףһܸۣЩˣܸߣҲܿʱĿʡ
ǡаƵĵطҲǺȽ
ҡע⵽ǵɴ۾ϲѵ飬͸оƺЩ
ûںкͺȻһѱסˣĨᣬпѵصȻȻˣһ߾ô꣬һΪҲ
̷˿΢΢˸ŵİۣסĺ콫࿪ŮԼԣصѱȻȻˡ
ʶ±ӣġ
뱧Ůߣ̷˱㿴һۣŰ˼
̷˵Ŀſڵ⼸ϣĿǣûвͷȴ͵ȻȻ⼸λ˭ѽ
ǡȻʦǵʱȴֺȻˡ
ֻмּ𣺡ȻȻĪǴۼҵĹүһģ˵ţһòʶڵļˣ΢΢ɻ󣬡ô
λʦתͷСʦһۣɫЩ΢
ȻȻҲ˵ϲĻһ׵⻰Щæǣֻҵʦֶѡ
񻹼ǵõ˴Ůߵʱ򣬱˵ٻ˵ĻΪǷɣ״ŷؼҼҳţŮĽֿͣһǼλȲʦ֡
ʧźصôֻʦأ
ЩúÿĶǶƺ쳾ȥˣ
ôô벻أ
⼸ҪǶܸ׸үã
ÿ쿴ܶأ


 55 

̼ҵլԺܴ, Ӱ㿣续
̷ųȻִԺߡ
үһںͷ, ŲͷǼλɾ, үͬǼ˽̸Ҳ֪ŵǲܸ߷˵, ֻŮŹ, ԵΣû֮ġ
һʣͲۻˣžȻԶ, ֻ鵤
ôȻȻǶûԹˣ
۵ӣЩĽСʦһԹĸĸ漴˵鵤ҲԱʡʱ
үѾȫȥ, һٲԷҪûţҩôܶ
Ůȴ궼ûԹˣû, ôܲԲأ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
۵ؿŮıӰ, ѹôݵ, ԭǶ
æѾ߻˹, ȥԸ׼һҪرʢС
Ȼ򱻳̷׷, ڹȥļĺģ, Բó̷Щˡ
ھ԰ʱ򣬳̷˾ָŻԱߵĴµǧЩڴصȻȻ, ǵСʱϲˡ
Ȼһǧܣȴû˿ӡ
̷ƺˣ漴֣ЦǵҲûϵʱСء
Ȼó̷ƺЩʧģһ£Щɵʣƺǵһһ磿
㻹ǵ̷ܲ˵ĴǱЩЦ⣬΢΢ϲؿ漴֪뵽ʲôȴɫ΢΢ˡ
Ȼ˿ɫʣôˣ
̷˵ЦݾЩǿûʲôֻţˣ˵ˣȳԹٴȥ硣
Ȼ˵ͷȴо̷˿еĲƺô򵥣ɫҲЩ
*
ȵԷʱ򣬳ȻͱȫϯļƸסˣүȴһظвˣȰԵ·ѾƵģɻؿߵĳ
֮ǰ˵ʲô
סЦҲ㡣
ȻĪʲô
ǾڿɣûԺܿһȰؿСʦõĳүһ£ʳΪòҪֲѣǰı֡
ȻһѾѵÿҪķˣ
ݰҲδ̫˰ɣ
÷ʦɣ桭Բôġ
*
ȳٷԺ󣬳Ȼ;Ҳŵ˵ζˣӳŵˮȲˡ
һٳԵ׷Ͳ˱ȹȥҪ࣬Աɻ鵤鵤ðʡʱʡġ
ȰԲΪ֮ǰڰΪԼϲ˳ԶֹλʦҲڳүļ³˲ٶ
λʦҲʦǳԵδģүʲôͳʲôһ룬Ķһ롣
үԺͿʦֲͬˡ
ҲΪʦϲЩΪҪΪ·һ˰ΧǰԷȤɡ
뿪ʱʦֻ˳½ǣмڴʣҲҪһԷ𣿡
ԣѾԵó˵ĳȻͼλʦּͬһֹŹֵ
ڴ
үȰ˶ǹ龢˾ܾãܾΪԼġ
үȴܸˣϹԵĺ󱳣ȵصȻˣҪԸ⣬ٶУǳ̼ұûУǮܹ࣬ԶٶУ
Ϲˣ㿴һ۳үɫص̲á
үرÿԵû࣬⼫ˣԼˣ⺢Ӹҿʲô㿴ôݣ͸öԵ
ϹԻ˵ͷ·˵úܶԡ
Ϲôͻ˳үϲ˲ɫӵؿϹһۡ
Ϊֺóүʲôóȥˡ
*
ȥ̽ĳܲ·ϣ̷˻ͬȻǰͷмĳүȴϹҲߣͬе˵Ż·˶һȵġ
ϹҲ⣬ڳүʱүҲˡ
θںͷ͸оаôܱϹԸȥ
һЦˬʵĳүȰԵʱҲЦݾЩл㽫ĿǰͷСʦ˵ĳ̷ϡ
˼Ƭ̣ǰߵ˳̷˵Աߣڳ̷תͷʱЦˣһ˫˶ƯһۣҲ侫¿Цʱºò͸ϲ
̲ĸôæҲû׼ʲô̫ʧˡ
̷˱ЦˣȻȻɽҲûչ˰ɣͬʦ֣ҲˣͰԼҲһĶҪʲô
ĸ˵ǡθЦ˵һ䣬漴нһľȡ˳ֻɴӱǶµһö飬ǧУЧҲûã軨׷ĸˡ
Ȼ˶θһֺۣɣ
̷ȻҲܿóЦⲻ䣬ֻǿһԵŮֿ˿θ裬ȴûȥľУֻǾ𣿡
ô᣿θ辪ȵúαصĸſڿʱΪСʦõĽأҲĲö顣
Ȼ
ǺƯҲѾʮˣ۽ǻЩϸƵģʦ˵⻰Ҳ̫ˣӦòᱻƭ˰ɣ
ǳ̷˾ȻЦƺĻЦһ۶θ裬漴ֽӹľУ⻰ǺҰɣ
θҲЦˣֿˣ˫˵һҲ͸ɫ˵ȻǶʵһ۳̷ԵŮŵСʦã˵𣿡
̷ҲתͷԼŮĿͣЦ⡣
Ȼ
ʦֿ̫Ů˻ˣôһͽЦӯӯġ
ﻹȻЦݣԣʦ˵ûȷƯ
ĳƺ̷㶣ŮЦݣ۾Щ⣬ȴֱ˻ȥЦŮͷζӣһʱ˵

ĬĬںͷһǰͷͳ̸ĸĵûȵϹԺͶθ裬һ˵ķǶûС
͢ȴЩĽؿŶθ裬ĻҲûǰЩį
ۣ㰲οС͢ѧǣΪȡñ˾̬
ŲȻԱߣĻ̲סЦ£ЩŪζŶ㵹зǣֻͷ
ͷ˳һۣƬ̣ʦֲһ𣿡
ǿɲһȻζЦ£漴԰ݵ͢ʦܣҪͬһȥǰͷ𣿡
ԣ͢תͷ
ûעֻܵܵС͢Ųᡭ
͢ĻЩ磬ҡȥ
һ٣Լǲˡ
Цһ漴͢һȥСʦõԱͬ˵
¹µ߶
ǣôȻʣһˣ
ޱԭشƬ̣ǰͷֵļˣҲ̧Ÿ˹ȥ
ǡʱҲôҪ


 56 

˳ܲķſԺ, һѾһˮ˳̷Ҫ񣬳̷̧̧, ڵǺ͹ĵʣܲˣ
Ѿ߱, ˵˯ˣҲûѡ
̷˱΢΢ü, үɫҲЩ
Ȼĵױɻ, ڳ̷˷䣬ݵĴǰ
һɫ԰꣬ò̷ͬ˺ƣɾ, ֻǾǸ˹Ŀ
Ĵô
ȻҲóزеӣң֪ǲǴ, ԼܸоƺЩ޵
ܲԼȻŶԡ
Ȼ̲סʣʲô
̷ڴͷ£ܲҴҴǣ̾˿, ǲ֪ʲô, ҲŸġ
үɵ, ʶ, ˵а취Ҳŵܲǰǰʼ, Ҳ֪ʲô, ȴԽԽˣ´Ҳûˣջ˯, θҲѣȥôǺã
Ŵϵ꣬ɫƺЩ˼ӡ
͢һ۸磬򴽡
Ȼע⵽ǵɫӦǷʲôֻǴʱҲʡ
Ҳôҽȴǿ˵ġ
ֻǻûϹȴȻ˿ڣһöӦÿκ
Ȼתͷһۣ֮
Ҳ֪Ϲ֮ӣܿܲҲ֣һ˾ҲǾȡˡ
ô֮ǰо΢ý޵Ǵˣ
̷˺ͳүȻ֪Щ飬Ҳ֪ʲôģֻǳĴβܲǳҹﶼ˯š
ʱϹ˵κܲĻмѵؿϹԡ
ϹԽӴȡһöɫĵҩŻƺЩҩݸ˳̷ˡ
̷лԺ㽫ҩ˹үܲԼϣ˫ſ̷˱СؽҩĿС
Ȼһˮȥ̷˽ӹһЩڳܲĿУʶ˵ҩ˿
үСĵؽܲϣתͷϹԣϲˣƺøˣСϰܲǲˣҶȻصл㣬Ҫʲôܿڣǧ
ϹԿһ۴ǰСʦã˳үĻ΢˵ͷ漴ֿ۴ϵĳܲϾˡ
үЦˣڿοĻֲʲôɵĶôЧ
÷ǳ죬ոôʱ򣬾͸о䱻˳˳漴Щôˣ
̷˼ܲˣЦֻǱȴЩᣬͿˣҲء
ܲЩʱǻģһȴþöˣﲻЩ죬Ļע⵽ǰվźüˣȽϽһŮЦʱмֿɰӡ
ܲԺ󣬲͵
̷æѵСĵ̫ͣСͷΡ
ʵҲע⵽˳ܲɫǰöˣ²Щ棬ĵҩȥԺ˾ƺ̺ˡ
ⰵһŮǼλʦ֣ŵöһԺ󲻿ǰ¶Щնĺױ˶ϵġ
ܲƺЩƵĿǰŮ̽ؽһȻȻ
ȻҲ̫ǵʮǰˣڿ̼ҵԺǻУšһƬ̣һ硱
ܲͶƺ˵ò֪˵ʲôˡ
ñ˴ߵʱѾʮˣȻܻʱ֪ôûС
ǵȾһͻķ纮Ժű˴ߵģʱ̣־ģ˵ȥˡ
κΪͽȻ᲻Ҳ;ɶڷ˵Ҳĺ¡
οڷҲΣգΪ˵Ǻʳ˵ħʡ
ֻܿ뿪
һ˫Ůǰ̷˿ǵЦܲ⼸λȻȻʦ֣ѹϹӸĵҩɵúúлл˼ҡ
ܲĿǼǱϣ漴˵Ϲϣżÿ¡
õ⼸λʦһͲǳһ
ܲмɻ󣬻ǿˡ
ЩС
ȻЩͷֻһת˳̷˵ĻԺ̬ò˹ĵϹԱʾл⣬˵ĻҲЩ秵ġ
Ϲžʹ˸ǷǸ̬ԵЩ
Ȼֻһ۾תߣ֮㿴˳ܲ磬ʱʲôر˻𣿡
ûаܲͷ˼ЦŵôȻ
ԣһۣЩ
̷ҲЩؿȻܲĲй𣿡
ȻһмֽŵؿĳܲЦûУҾʡ
ܲȻһڲԣԵ˿Ϊڲصúܺá
*
ʱҲˣӳܲԺ󣬳̷˱óүͼλȥ˿ͷԴŮһȥǰסԺӡ
֮ǰȻŮܿܲˣǱԺ䣬ÿ춼˴ɨԺĻݲҲƯƯġ
ԣȻԺֱסȥֻǴͷ»µģҲһЩ֬ˮ֮Ķ
Ȼ͵˷Ժ󣬳̷˱Ů˵ʱѾȴȻˣ˵ǹȥһˡ
̷˱ȻȻҲˣЪŰɣҴȥ䡣
Ȼ˵ͷ
̷˱ЦˣŮͷתȥˣߵſڵʱ򻹲ҹѾҪչ˺С㡣
ѾӦһ̷뿪Ժӡ
*
ڳ̷ǰŸ뿪ʱ򣬳Ȼ㿴͢ȼλʦһķ䡣
θԺ̲סСʦԺĿҲͦģסһԺӶðʡȥġ
ϹԵȻҲͬ
óθҪӽСʦãЩ䵭صĹȻǰɢҹ㶼ǺģҹСʦþѾðˡ
θЦˣƣԣǺعأԲзϵƭ԰ɣ
ɢҲûõĶȥȻĴȻĵòƯЩЩƹˣԷΪǵܱ˳ָ߸ϵĸо
ЩҲǺԣĺرȽأɵҲܶ࣬ЩԶȽϵͷЩ欵ĺҲͬ
Ŷθ裬û˵
ղԣȻæ˻⣬ĳʦ֣ʦ֣ΪҴ𣿡
ףӦҲˣ粢ûǱ˴󲿷ֵ
ȻȻǿ˵ģ£粻Ͻ˵Ǿ£άԷ
ɴܿΪŮˣ˵ŮģԲάԷ
ڷʤġ
˵ûԣǵȽֻץסϵǳضȥġ
ʵȨȻϻǹܵģÿ嶼˸ԵĹṹһԽƽĳϣԺд
ȻûųʲôϢʵ̫ˣųƺ۵ĵǳʦ֪ʲô𣿡
ֻЦ£漴
ɫЩãһۣŵǺ΢٣ŵСʦã׽סԺһһġ
Ȼܲ˴ܿǺΪΪµģΪܵģĺ궼ȽףЩȻ֮ˣ˵ֶ飬һֱദã֮ٷ
Ȼû˵ֻǾҲʧô򵥣ܲǺڲᣬȻǽϵģҲû˿Ľ黳ܷڡ
ҪôǳܲǺԵʲôҲںˣҪô顣
ûв֮ǰҲ¶ۡ


 57 

ڶһ, Թ緹Ժ󣬳̷˱ŮһţҪһЩ, һЩεȵȡ
ܳȻѾֻͬסͻ뿪, ̷˻ǺµشȥѡΣ·Ҫȥ궼ֲƵġ
ȻҲ֪һַʽ, Ҳûмܾˡ
϶ŵ龡Ҫ͸¶, ֪̫ͨ˶Բһ£Ȼû̷߳ɣ̷Ҳܴûжʣֻ뿪֮ǰѡ
ڳȼλʦҲүš
үҶ, ӺݳһҲׯӦȫصĲҶ˺ܶ, ҲҶ
úܴǸһĴ󸻺ˡ
үŮļλʦ֣ǼҲû飬ȥׯʱҲһȥˡ
˲ׯԺ, үæĻƽժϺòҶ˼Ǻ, 豭ҲѡǼصһ֡
˱һȲ, һүĲҶ⡣
үû뵽, ǼֻǴڼĶѣȴû뵽ΪǼĴڶ
ӺݳҲ, һϢܿԴǶǡ
Ҷʱײߵļλ, ֻһ۱㾪ΪˣһǴδľݣ̲ס˲Ҷ, Ϊ࿴Ǽۡ
뿪Ժ󣬾ԴԴϵ˺ܶˣǹңҲһЩӣСУ·ԺҶ˼Ƶġ
úÿߵĶܻӭģ˴ŵǰ
үŲҶЦ۾
ȴţûжܿ뿪ˡ
ֻϹԻǰмֺؿЩǰҶˣһ߽ſҪĲҶ֣һ߱⼸æµץҶˡ
ϹԵɫΪڣپ£ͦɫףɢһĺʣôǱ߿ʱЩﲻҶҲøˡ
үϹԼֱǸˣô࿴˼Ҽۣ˱ͷתһѲҶˡ
үƺҶȤų̀ǰĻҲȥæץҶȴϹԹڹ̨ǰˡ
ϹҲûʾ飬ҶҶˣֻģ̬ҲģĵģЩȴʮĵصţ·뿴ֲҿƵģһϼ
һʱﵽ˿ǰĻ𱬡
еӴĹﻹӣʲô
Ϲȴ·ûĻֻʣʲôҶ
ֽ˺ü⣬ȴȥֻһ仰ǲ˵ˣȴĪĻҲͦȤģҶҲ̲סֶһЩ
ȲൽʱŽ徲
үЩӣ˵۾ڷ⡣
ϹҲͦҶͦʺǳүݵöҪˣ·ûˡ
ү֪뷨Ϲʱ۾ᷢ⣬ǽŮģԽԽϲҪСϾ׸ˣ⣬ض߲¥¥ˡ
ʵ̫ˡ
үҲ֪֮˶ѵķµģ̲סЦƵĵСϰȻȻô
ϹѧŷֱÿһֲҶԣ̧ͷƺһ˲ã
ҵ˼ǡϲ𣿡үľԴƵģ̲ס˵øֱס
ϹԻȻƵġһƬ̣ʵ֪
ү͆һɵ˾޵ʲô鰮ˣǻʲôȤζأ
˵øϸ£һʷͬʱ˭
Ϲ˺ԥؾ͵Сʦá
ҲͲġ
үЩ˼ˣЦЩʣȻȻϲˣ᲻᲻ˣ
ϹԻǺԥص˵ͷ
Сʦö˵ϲˣôϲˣ
Ȳ
ү;Ů߳ϣˣ漴һʣ벻ף
Ϲ۾£롣
û뵽Ϲôʵϣү˼ˣϵЦֹֹסҪŮҲϲĻ˵˻أҲͲػȥʲôˡ
Ҫɳ˻óЩҲûʲôȤζ
һңء
סĵϲãСϣﻹЩʲôˣ
СúÿɾѵõģŮ϶ϲģֻ⸸ĸ֮ý֮ԣȻҲҪԷĸҲͬġ
˭֪Ϲȴûˡ
үһʱ죺ûˣ
ϹԳĬ£̫οȷҲˣֵ˵ͷ
үȴĳĬΪԼʹˣ⺢̫ˡ
۵Ҫ׸ҼңҸ㵱ô
Ҳֻһʱ嶯ôʣΪ飬ϹǲܻӦġ
𾪵ϹԾȻǵ˵ͷ
үȻһɫЩӣȷ
Ϲȴֱſھͽһ
һеóүûˣæӦԶӡСϾǴС¿Բô׾۲ѵصȻȻܲܳɣԺ㶼Ҷӡ
ϹԵԴϹԶ㿪ˣƺԸͷ
үҲû⣬Ӻϲ׶Ҳϲͷġ
ϹԵصͷ·ϸԶٷһǼѰ飬漴ּͷоҶ
үһֺ˵ĸоˣܲǶԲׯûȤһĿƾ٣˵Ů̳мҵ
ţʣСϰҽô
û뵽ϹԿһۣȴһ㡣
үҲ֪ʶֵһ㶼ˣׯӣĿҲӣɲġ
㽫˱óϹԿ
ϹȴһԵ̶ûãٲҶǮܼǶ٣һ۱ܵóȷ
үֱǳ뷹ѽֻҶֻˣϸҳ̼ѽ
Ϲֻ΢΢ЦˣɼˣЦҲÿòС
*
̷˴ųȻԺ󣬱˳ԼҵĲׯ
˲ׯԺ󣬳̷˱ͻ¥˵Ҫȥ鿴ֿĲҶ¥µȻ
Ȼ˵ͷһתͷȴϹڹ̨ţһ֧ëڹɫ棬ֻмģ·û˯Ƶġ
ȴڹ̨յرۣ·Ѿ˯ˡ
Ȼ߹ȥֵʣʦ֣ʲô
Ϲתͷһۣˡ
ȻһѾһĿֿһںͷ˯ŵĳүҵģ
ϹԵͷ
Ȼˣʦô˾ȻĻˣصùֵĺģ̲סʣǲֱ˸ˣ
Ϲȴû˵Щ˿ס
ô
Ȼû꣬ȴȻͷļϣССش˸Ƿۡ
Ȼ
ɾˣ
Ȼһ˾ˣַˣŴҲðɣ
ȻۼϵԴ΢΢ֽƿƺЩȻս˲䣬ĵСʦã㰡
ĺھߣҲЩɳƣһ·ϸ΢оȻʶһƿ˵˶ٴˣҪô
ƿԺϹɫĵؿһֳֻĹ̨ϣȦڻͷʣΪʲôܣ
Ȼ΢΢Щ룬̫ˣֱܶ࿴ЩĪĲڡ
Ҫôڣ
˵̫ÿտʧ
Ȼһʱʱ¥ȴ˽Ųǳ̷ˡ
ȻȻĶ̷˵
˿һ˵ǰϹԣ̷߹ȥ
ٴαƿϹĿĶıӰ
Щġ
ϲ
ΪʲôԸ׽
һо۵׵ĳүȴЦˣ·Ѿǳ׵Ӷˡ


 58 

ظԹ緹Ժ, ̷˱˷䣬ȹҲ˹Ů, ױҲǰǧСľ·ġ
Ժ, ȻȻմȾϢͱڸסˣͬЩʳܷܷĴСˡ
̷˿, Ŀ, ·ͷŮһװͿƵġ
ȻҲ֪ϣڷ䣬ͬķŮһģȻѾܹˡ
ΨһľǾڷ۸Ĺ£һɻָʵ
ѾıһЩ, κӵˮ˲ѪƳѵԪ˵ѪͷҲĳЩô
˷, ñԭŮҪҡ
ĽǾԲܷġ
ԣܿ˳̷мϣĿ⣬·ԼʲôҲ֪Ƶġ
̷ȻҲ֪£ֻǿû˿װЩ, طŮͷ, ˵, ԸԸЩ۾ۡ
Ȼ˾Щؿ˳̷һ, 
̷˱ʣôˣ㲻Ը𣿡
ϳ̷˹ĵ񣬳ȻЦû, 㰲žͺá
̷˱Цˣ֪ɵ鲻⴫, ģ˶ֻΪǼھǵˡ
Ȼȴݵ飬ǡӸͲ찡
ȻΪŵ˴೤, ڿɣʦÿ궼ġ
ʦʦֵģͻ߸²Ŷԡ
Ȼ£϶Ůһ춼ǴôҲǡʦѣ
ʦҲûҪѰܿʦҲ֪һʦʵʱڸһٵա
ʦ²ϵӣһû
ȻȻó̷˻Ůһ춼ǵãӦʦ𲢲ǵԾڸһա
Ҳû¶̷߳ˣֻ˳ӵؽİţڽܲԺͻ뿪ˣЩ;ЩСЩ
̷˯ϰߣ˵˻Ժ󣬱úϢԼҲ˷
ȻͷŪã뽫˯ˣ׷ѳ̷˵һƬ⣬ȥܲǶ˵ܲ鵽ʲô
*
ֻǾߵܲԺſڵʱ򣬾Ҳ߹͢
͢Ҳû˿ɫֱ߹ˣ·Ƶġ
Ȼ͵ö壬Ӧͨö֪ġ
Ȼʣʦ֣𣿡
͢ʱȴסˣ·ûװӣŮ峺ڵʱĶ΢΢ˡ
Ȼ𣿡
ûС͢ع񣬿˵ʱٺȴԵøΪֿܡƯ
̬ȺЩڣ͢ƺҲܿʶһ㣬֮ǰ⣬̹Ѿˡ
ȻӦһ£ʶ˵ĳ̹硣
ܲ󲡳ôżسţܾܿȥѰǺˡ
ǱҲȻܷŲܡ
漴뵽ĵܿؾȻû͢ߣ˵Ѿȥˣʵ֪ҴĶ𣿡
֪͢
Ȼڱȥɡ
͢šһ
ߵʱȻʣˣôûʦǣ
͢ɫ΢΢£ЩһѾص̲˵ʦҶʦֱŲĲҶȥˡ
Ȼ
ôôúƣ
˵ȥȥ
ֽ͢ŵʦֺͶʦֲ֪ȥĶˣϻ
ȻͷǾͲˣȸȥ
ԣ͢Ҳ˵ͷ΢΢Ц£Цм峺ᡣ
*
Ȼ͢һ·˳ǣ˳һɽɽƫƧûʲôˣǱسɴķܿɽϵһԺſڡ
ԺСɾţʺ
͢ὫԺƿ뿴һĶȴȻһ¡
ȻǸŮ˵
ȻһۣԺͿվſڣﻹһӰɱڵӡ
漴ܲ˼żͿ󣺡㲻ɱСǺˡ
ˣЦ˶ǣ
Ȼ
ƺҲǰɡ
һ֮ӣʵ嶯ȣҲ֪֮ǰʲôȻӡ
Ǻͱܲ󣬺ɫ԰׵ý͸龪̣ȴüΪмֳķ顣
ܲԼ·վˣȴػ֡
Ҫɱ˺ĻܲһҲסġ
Ȼǰһʦ֡
Ȼ͸֪͢Ĵڣԣֻ΢΢ͷһۣʱɫ˻Ȼǻŭͷ
ʲôˣʡ
صΪҼʱ˿̾ѾˡЦǱЩ;һ˼аİܹˡ
Ȼ
Ȼһ۳ܲȻֱǰȻ˻Ҳûȫûֹܾûˡ
ܲȴᶨһı·ѾԼ֮⡣
ȻЩͷˣĹأ֮ҲǺܱܿģܲôʱܽܵ


 59 

ͳֲܲµʱ, ܲĺȴվ˳
ܲʶסĸ첲·ҪֹƵġ
ȴЦ£̹, ûϵ, ֻ˵仰
ܲ۵׵ļ֣, , ֪뵽ʲôɫ˼Ρ
ӳܲ˳ߵǰĿ͢תһȦ
Ȼע⵽۾رɾ, Ȼź֮ȴһĸо·𲻻˺κˡ
λİɣ, ۾ЩĪ⡣
ĺĺǺܴģ˼ģȴ˼ϵó֡
䵭, ָ, 紵ͷ, ·˶Ҫҡҡ׹, ΪװҾͻŹ㣿
ԣȷ˿, Ȼȹӹ, ֪ȡҲԸֻܷǻ빫ӰæȾЩͬɡ
üͷ΢, ѻ˵
˲ᣬ»ôʶ̹ӵ˵𡣡
Ȼע⵽˺ĳܲɫˣĵ׸ɻˣ˵θʲô
Ļʡ
ɽһֻͨСѣûиĸҲûֵܽãҲûУԵɺʳɲݲʶ֮ѧ
޳Ժ󣬱̲סɽȥ
һɽʱʲôҲڿջһٰʳ˴ǳܲ־
Ժ˵һʶķˣΪѣɽ
ѾʶˣӳܲǶ֪˺ܶ˵ĹغͳʶԼõѡ
ƽȴһǰˡ
ΪƾڼܲæԺȴֲ㽫ҲԺͻС
ƽվʹɽһʱҲû˷Ĵڡ
ֱһܲͬ쾰ʱײſϥС꣬ʱ۾һҪǮֻꡣ
ܾܲˣΪ쾰ӣӵܣСᱻ׽ߣСȻɽȥԺȥ
ʱûˣΪǻɽֱǰʱ䷢һϢصſڣ֪ȻǱ쾰ץˡ
ź·𲢲ĻΪٲҲڱһ׽סɣ
һʿǵʿ͵ɫ˼־壬ǵץңһڵ￴˺öʬ壬Ҿʵӿǰȥֻ̽ҪǧСģǵһı
ԣɫѾˣ͢ɫҲЩŭ
ȻҲмľһ׽ĵɲɱ޹ǵҪôǸٵʿҪôΪаħһɵˡ
Լ侲ʣץʲô
͵ͷƺѾˣãȻصҡҵڵѾȡˣǳ̹ӽͱûʶĺˡ
ֶ϶ôӳģ֪ǵʿҪڵʲôȴ֪ǻҪɱȴǸ̰ͼɫģҪ֮ǰõ˶֧ˡ
ͳûþһ˿˳


 60 

û˵ѵĻ, ôе͵ץЩĿӦþΪڵڵǿΪģַֻ̫ݶ, ĹϽ֮, һǱֹġ
ʵ۶ԴȴûôܣҲżʵ, ֻǶȽϵ͵ѡ
Щ׽סԺͱɱ, ȻҲͺѽϢݳȥӺҲ̫ԶˣҲܹעСط顣
кС˿ֱڻڹ
뵽ͬΪ, û취侲ǿѹҪᵶɱĳ嶯ЩڱĶ
Щõĵ, ΪЩľͱЩ壬ȫûз֮ͱȥˣ߲, ͷ˺ö塣
ȻžĪ뵽˿ɣŵ߲, רڶԸ, , ŵĶҲһɣ
ܲȴֻ뵽ͷĥͲ, ֵĽҲǣ, ǵ¹ӻǻȱΪá
ȴһۣ漴Ŀ˺, ˵ȷӦһˣύǱߴá
ܲ˾Щżĵؿ˺һۣҪΪ˵ȴɫ԰׵صԸƾǵĴãֻҪЩͬܵþȾͺá
ô˵ʵҲȫΪ˾ˣ֪֪Ժһ˵ģԸ߻Ϊһ·
ûˣ屻Ϣȥǽ˾㷣ӦҲڻɱ㣬߼Ҳܶ࣬ɲ鵤Ҳܶ࣬˵ҵñغİ취
Ǳ˺ʶС꣬ĻӦҲܱͷ
ܲĻƬ̣㲻ˣʶ꣬ȻҲ˽飬Ҫʲôֻ鲻
ĻȻȴȻһԵ⣬̲סɵӳԺû׽㣿
£ҴӵӳԺ󣬾ͽ׷ҵ˦ˣǲ֪
˵ţԼҲһ٣ӳԺֱȥ˳̹ӣǵʿ֪ȥĶ쾰ȴ֪ͳ̹Ӻ죬Ӧܲµȥġ
⼸ȴһҲûУ·ѹͲ֪Ƶġ
Ȼ˼ص׽ôȴû¶϶Ƕ˿ڵģΪƫƫӳôף
ĬƬ̣صǱضбͼ˵˿㡣
סˣ˼ãȻ;ţ̲סˣ·ٴα׽ȥƵġ
ʱȻȻоһŨĴųζѸٿһۣȻ뵽һԣǾǺֻһնǹܣΪ˵ĺѡ
㶨ӳȥԺܻܿŽһ򾡡
ȴʲôҲûվԵĳܲȻܲʲôˡ
ѾųͷϢˣܸӦԷΪֻǧӣֻǻ֪νж
뵽͢СʱԵ飬㿴һԵĵܵܣС͢ȴǻȥҲһˡ
ҲǼв
͢Ҳ֪ùСʦõսƽԣ˵ͷһСʦãǡҲҪСġ
Ȼû˵ܲһżˣã㲻𣿡
ʱѾԺſڣͿҪԺˣǴܲǼҲ߲ˡ
Ȼ磬ߣûµġ
ȻҲͣһ͢͢⣬ס˳ܲͺĸ첲գۼʧ˷䣬ԭαǳٶȺܿ뿪ɽϵıԺ
Ѿ͵һ۾Ϳһѩɫ꣬һɾ⡣
Աߵ֮쾰ҲˣϲȻ㣬С˺ǿȥ׷
ѣ͵ߵͯѾ˰գҪ׷ȥûǳ׷ȥһĽն񲻿ɵɱͯһġ
ͯҽжֻ˵ĳª
ֻ쾰Ľűߣŵ͵⡢ôǡ
͵ȴƺĿضſڡ
쾰֪λͯôʱ򣬱˳Ŀ⿴ſڡ
ſվŵȴǸĽӣŵǽͯһĵǱ⻹ڵѪĿһ˼ֺµĿʶ㿪ȴȻŮϡ
ŮԺסˣ¶ˣֻ㶵ؿ
ⲻ֮ǰڽżȻǸŮ
ɾϲѡ
ע⵽Ŀ⣬˼ɫ漴һƴķȻҲʲôö
쾰㶼㿪ʱ͵ȴȻһѣΪɥĹ
Ǵɫ۵һ۱㿴ԭƽΪ뵽ɱô壬ŭͷһ˹ȥ
͵ڷΪʱȴͷһϲ׽סĻһ˵ڵֵϰֻˡ
ȻҲΪͬ£ԲĶ֣ĶˣֻҪСеǡ
Ҳ½𣬴սپʹ÷ʱƷ
ԣһʹȫ͵ͬԾʱѾܳˣǿ˸ŮֻǷˣûġ
û뵽ʵȻҲСӦǼһʱæؽ߲˳մ߶һѾ͸ؿڡ
ڽҪʱ͵ؽٸߣţųһǿĿ硣
վڷڣֵĽ绹û㱻С
УȻЩżʱǳҲϲȥǿϮʱֻջ½ɿһԶ㿪
ĿȴǴ˷ģ۶㵽ĶûãһһĽ綼ɢˡ
͵ֵʱŽ·Ҫһ֮Ƶģݶˡ
ӿòɴΪϧ̲סȥֹˣòŮǵһοȴôˡ
ֻǾһҪʱע⵽Ůһ£ĽҲ¡
Ȼһֵ磬һҪ½һʱϴŵһ»ȴȻųѩƵҫִĿĹâɢһɼǿ
ǹɿգۼɢˣ͵Ҳ÷˳ȥҲ֣Ҳˡ
ӼƲԣæûעʱɽˡ
Ȼ£û뵽ʦָĻǿס߲漴ѾԭΣָ̬ΪмǧˣҲĴ󣬿ڱǶѪرŻ
ȻסģöסץȴȻʲô漴㿴ɽּش˳һֹϸϸС߶С
һ𣬳˹Щܷɵġ
Ƭ̼䣬ϡжߣǵ۾СĹ⣬ĽһͷƤ顣
Щסȥ·ʱ˼Ծʧɽ
ȻҲ˲½մЩѪˣҪһЩնʱȴȻ·һԶȥˣƺ־ʲôһ
漴㿴˳ʦַǰʣСʦãû°ɣ
ȻȴȻȱ
쿴ҪʵʱȴȻɫףŤͷˣ

Ӧúûϵɣ


 61 

Ȼųʦһص̼ҵʱ, Ѿ˳ʱ˵ѾԹ漴˷䡣
λʦҲͬĽڣʱ˭Ҳû˼Է
ֻһҶʦĸһٷ
صʱ, λʦֱҲˡ
Ȼ, ͢ԺѾɽϷǡ
θ߽ʱ򣬱µش, ·ҪȷûƵ, ĵʣСʦãû°ɣ
Ҳ͢û²ŷŵģȴȻע⵽ûڷ
Ȼҡҡͷ, ҪڵʱȴȻ͢ʣҸأ
ᵽȻͶһ٣ϼʵĿ, 㽫߲ǿʦ档
λʦ֣
·ΪƵģվԣ͵, ҸϹȥʱֻСʦһˡ
͢˿, ɫ΢, Щżʣô£
Ȼ㽫͢źԺ˵, ʶؽʦ»ʡˣо»ƺ˵ȥӡ
˵, θ迴߲, ȴûסЦһΪʦжء
Ȼڴϱ顣
˿ȻҲ˹ȥ, û뵽խ治Ǵ˵΢΢ʦ֣ڵصôʦ־ȳҺͳʦѾԹˣô򲻿
θ迴һҲżӣȻһЦҲ취ô
Ȼֻ
θֻԼЦ⣬һ΢΢ʾԼЩʦģʵǶûʲô
ȻҡҡͷҲû˵
θûĻܸ˵ŵ߲ɣ
Ȼ£׹˼Ժ󣬲Ȼؿ
֮ǰ뵽߲ˣŵ߲ıűʹ͸˿ɣɵǰţִ֮һεġ
Ȼɻ⣬ıô
˵ɫҲЩ졣
͵ˡθĻһתҵ֪ô߲
θ豾ɶǱĻ壬ıʤ⿪߲Ҳ֡
Ȼ㽫߲ݸҲܴܲ򿪡
θȻӣʱҲǺܿ׵ġ
ͳôҲ򲻿ʩȻƬ̼佫ˡ
ȻЩϲؿţȴٳûж
һŴĳһֻ꣬ëɵβͣݵӡ
ȻΪʦֵԭˣܿʶǺбڵĺˡ
ɫԺһֻֽ֮꣬˳ԺҲΣòͬȴúǺÿ
Ȼһ£һֻǳԺãȻػң·֪Լʲôط
ȫԺҲˣ⼸ֻҲûɫȻѾںйˡ
Ժ󣬼ֻ·ĹƵģߵΧţȻǼȴЩ衣
Ժȿһ۳Ȼ͢ȷûԺ󣬲ŽĿĶθϣȻѾ³˭΢΢ףлʦܡ
θȻãȴ·ǫƵĵʦֿ̫ˣ֮ͬ以Ӧõģô
һۣ漴˳ȻһΪѾץסˣʣСʦãأ
Ȼ㽫Ժ
ǵĶԻǼֻǾԼʱݵڵߵл֮漴㽲Լα׽סģΪ׽סĺ̫ˣǼûȡڵ
ֻ궼ģֻɫĺִߵǴ˳ʧµģû뵽Ǹ˽ȥ
ȻҲϵ͢ģ¿£ҴĻм˱õĵ°æǳ
Ȼ᲻񣬱ҹɫȥˣ׽סôĺضһ˾Ϳ԰쵽飬ԷʵθͳҲһȥˡ
͢ҲҪȥֹˡ
ȻҲûȥҪ˵ģߵǸڽ֮ǰ̸ӦŲС
*
ȥ˺ܾû͢ϹҲһֱķ䣬ԻԼķ䡣
͢˷Ժڴϲû˯ţڵҲš
ɽԺŵϢ͵ܳʱײֻǸɭʪɽɽѪѪ⡣
ɸеһ⡣
ʱȻŵһζƮڿֻᵽһЩһ־ĸо
˶ʶס˺΢תͷ˴ķ
ᶥȴһֻ˽˵͵ռĵĺڵ±ָЩ
óĿֻ׺ͻСȴǿǳΪȻǣҲȬ˳㱨һ½ǷŮ
Ǳضһġ
ˣͨСǶ֪˴˿ֻСڷû֡
ŵרŶԸĻ㣬մ㣬ΪٸҲ־˯
ֻǾߵǰʱ򣬻û֣ϵȴȻ۾һ
ȻѾãһûܿһȴקס󣬽˦˳ȥ͢ײϣ˵ϡ
͢ʱѾмģϢĵ𼸷ֱŰһҪһԾ˺ĳ嶯
ȴߵǰǰ£ֶ̰ľ⡣
û뵽ССȴԣָ仮Ѫۣ漴մѪָڴصǳ㣬Ȼһֻ궼
͢ǰȴ·ȥǸ̴̻صĶ⼸һģһɲ˲һ˿ɺһ
ȴǹڰˣ·¶֪ƵģܶԷʱĿ־ģɴΪɨˣȴȻһΪѵ⣬ȳԺұƤУߵһȫԵ
͢΢΢ˣЩ
ȴֻʹؿڣǲ˼һָ⻯˼絶ָף㽫ֶʳ֮һߺ޺޵صһҪɱǸķŮ
û˵ʱȻ˺ΪؿѾһֻצ͸ˣҽжѾ࣬鶨Ȼ˲䡣
͢ȴѾ˺ԭΣֻһЩ㣬û˯ȴƺѾʧأһɺ죬͸һԵײУһȥͽĲӸҧˣѪһ
ѪȴƺԳʧ·˺ֽƵĽ˺ƬŨѪζ
*
Ȼûô˯ţԣڲ̸һʱ뵽һڷ͢æš
͢ķſƿʱȴ𾪵һĻһֻƯİɫ꣬ȴմȾѪ˫ɺѪǺƵײС
ϵó͢ԭΣΣ֪͢ǸߵһҲһ
£ֻȴ͵س˹⧲ر˵ڵأ̧ͷʱͶ˺˫ɺµսĲ·̴ܴļ
ʦ֣ŽȷܲϳȴѾ˻ػ׼
ʱ򣬺˶ŵϵ˻ƺָЩǣɺ㿪ʼһȥˣ漴·ȻʶԼʲôǱһƵ˿εڵϡ
ڵЩˣ·ϡǶѪϻץۡ
Сʦá͢ƺҿͷԲ𡣡
Ȼ˿ֿ˿صǽ壬ﻹЩûɢζζ͢ʧйϵ
ʬ壬Ѿµô£ضԺĴ汨ȴֲǼֵȴܸߵ֡͢
͢ʱǷ·һײеЩ£뵽Ե飬־ÿˣҲкܴһԭ̫˰ɣ
ţȴ͢վܿسȥڵȶæסĸ첲ʣʦ֣ȥģ
͢·ܲ뱻ڵӣͷס飬ֻСʦã㡭᲻̣ܲ
ȻóȣŻᣬڱŵʱʧǺġ
͢ƺЩ⣬תͷ𣿡
ҲǺȷ㲻ǵ˵ͷ
͢Ϳ˵ˣ񿴵Щڡ
͢ȴȻʣ𣿡
ȻмС񣬵ᡣĿѪϣŵʦ֣㻹ȴһ¡
û˵꣬͢ȴȻסűСʦáлл㡣
ûӦʱѾɿ
Ȼһ
лʲô
Ȼ֮ǰʱоı仯Ǵĺ֮ǰڿɣʱЩһˡ
Ҳ˵ֱ仯Ǻǻ
*
һߣͳǸջ˳̸ŨѪ˶һۣ˹ȥ
Ǵ͢ﴫģԺʱȴÿ͢СʦӵһĻ˲ͬʱס˽Ų
ڿһĻʱﲻζӣǰһΪС͢еοģڵȴмɬԡ
֪òùȥʱ͢ȴѾɿСʦã̧ͷʱһۡ
һַ·ԼѾй¶һеĸоʶ΢΢ͷ·ԱߵĻƵıܿߡ
СʦãθķӦȴֱӶˣ·ʲôҲûƵģ
Ȼתͷſ֪ʱվԺˡ
θ˹ȥߵſڵʱ򣬱ŵǹɳԵϢڵĳԺɿ͢һۣɫûʲôֻü·ЩƵġ
Ҳˣɫ΢䣬͢ͳȻʣС͢û°ɣ
͢΢΢ҡҡͷ
ζҲüʣô¶
Ȼ㽫Ҫֵ͢ǡ
лζɫɳ£ֻԺãЩΪ˶Ը廹伫
Ȼƺʲô飬ʣʦ֣ȥεô
ȴһɫ˵ŵСʦãȻط˯ɣ˵¡
Ȼóǲ̫ᣬµЩҲ׶༪ˣ˵ͷ
Сʦãȥһ·Σأ
ߵʱ򣬶θȻ
ȻתͷһִۣţҲû˵ʲô
*
Ժ󣬳ҲԼķ䣬ԭؾֻʣֵ
һһʬ壬΢΢Ĭ£С͢û£
͢صͷϵѪڣķɫܰףԵѪ۸ۡ
۲ѣǰǵʬɢˣֻýж˿鶼Ϊ
һֱС͢úܺãû뵽ȴ˵Ŀ־塣
С͢ὫײеɱӦǻʧȥԣ֪ˣôһŵġ
Ҳû˯䣬˯ҵķɡ
͢ǵ˵ͷԾɲԣǰĬۡ
ɾԺ󣬲ŽŹϣ͢ȥ˸ķ䡣
裬͢ԿȴȻʣ磬ϲСʦ𣿡
Ķһ٣漴·µصΪʲôôʣ
͢һǡҲңҪǡ΢٣Сʦϲ˭Բԣ
ԣһ͢һ浥飬ɳĬˡ
Сʦϲƺֹһɣ
ָô죿


 62 

ڶһ, ȻʹǶ֪ȥε
ķϹһ㱧ͷڴ˵
ȻǰλʦҲ, ̸ڵεʱɫЩŭ
ε, ﻹĺֻֻѣֻѾʧȥڵԭε, һʶѾʧ, ȫΪͨĺ꣬ҲҲ޷ɺˡ
ѾƤһ㱻ֳһģǳûϸ˵, ҲԴ³жѪȲˡ
͢ɫҲ̫ã򴽡
Ȼת˻⣬ʣʦ, ΪĻʹ
ôĺӦòֻǸ͵ΪѣоⱳضʲôıЩ̫, йߡ
Ų豭, Ƭ, ʹ, ЩڵҪʦġ
Ȼһ㶣ʲôʦ
ʦЩ, 
ŵҢŷ, ϣ˱۵ĹΪʦһּ, Ȼʦ㲻ҲǷˣֻǲ֪Ǻͺʲôר֡
ȻһҲǣֻΪ˶ڵΪĻûҪר֣˵ʱʶ͢һۡ
ûǴĻܳ͢ʱǱ׽סˣô֮أ
ѵưո
Ժһ¶᲻ù
͢ɫ΢ףǱʲôõĻƵġ
ȻҲ뵽˹ʦôĸԴɫһѾ˽»ȥˡ
Ȼǵձȵ֮һ漴˻к飬ô
һۣһʱԡ
洦ĻǸģСʦõĸϲض½٣οὫ˵˳Ҳй
ѾһˣĳԻִ

ȻЩ⣬ҲãʱˣȻᵭģܹҲһó粢ûʲô⣬Ҳ⺦ˡ
Ȼ£ʵҪȥǵʦ𣿡
ܴ£ӦҲһ󹦵£οӺݳСطôǴҲ٣㲻Ϊ˹£ҲӲܵġ
ͷƺЩļҪ뿪ˣʣСʦãձߣ𣿡
ԣһֱڴϰѰ˯ϹԺȻ۾С
һۣüʦڴ˳סȥ
ϹȴСʦõ˵ҪСʦǺĵ潨飬ǿԶߣСʦþˡ
Ļʱ˳Ȼ
˵˾ˣȻԼҲǲĸȷǸ¶ֻ̫æˣԼҲ¶
θ΢΢üƺϹԵĻСʦõǽ𣿡
ȻǰɽϵӦŪˡ
ɣɵ˼յģǰҲʦֻնѣ˲Ҳ
ɾҲ̫ˡθ£ʣˣСʦǶţ
Ȼʮˡ
ԣθһ٣Щ΢ؿһۣ
Ҳ֪СʦɽСģҲ̫С˰ɣͷûУ꣬Ҫ㣬ҪСʦó׵Ļõϡİٰʮꣿ
뵽ôʱ䣬θ̬Щס
лҪ˵ЩģԺľһЩʦĬĬػ׷޻᳡鷢չĻͻˣ׷޻᳡ŻĵˣԼŮcpȷѡcpǿһ

 63 

ΪҪȾбĺ, ͢˱һˣȥǺ¼ֵܻϾˡ
µλʦΪͻȻ֪Сʦûǰ׼ʲôλʦֻǽһЩ͸, ׹, Ҳеҩ֮, ʲôرصĶ, ȻȻҲòա
ҲЩ֣ɣǲй, Ͼ˭뱻֪ԼʮʵͿܳǧϰˣôȻˣ
̷Ҳһ³Ůһ볤棬˳ҲЩʦҲһ, ֪м˱ûġ
Ȼǰʱ򣬳̷˾Ŀؿ·ôƵģ۰ҪóүԴˡ
ܲҲЩЦ⿴, Ȼ˵ʮ, õ, 㽫Щõʱ, úöùա
Ͼͺ, ò׵ˡ
ó𣿡̷ʡ
Ȼͷ, ЦʱɰüĿرóԣлл
̷˵ЦЩ, ·һ仰Ѿʮˡ
ЦݣȻ뵽Ҫ뿪ˣҲЩᣬͦϲҵģûʲô飬˵Ըڷġ
*
ΪŮɵҪܣ̷Ҳûܶˣֻ˹ùһ˹Է
ȻҲǵһμùãùú͹ø˵ˣùóûмƣֻҪЩҲģʺܸˬֱ
ǻԼСŮҲˣҲӡ
ùý㣬ҲԹԵغˣɰþλʦֶ̲ס˱
ùþЦŵһμʱҲŲһζʮȥˡǰòŮϲģ˵ôҲܻܲڿɺЩˣ
ȻһүͿ˼ջĿ⣬ЦѾöˡ
ùЦˣǱáĿӹǼλȲĹӣ⼸λǡ
Ȼǿ϶˵ʦְɣǡԶ׼ҵı磬Ҳ档
ùҲûģڳ̷˵ʵô˽⣬̼˼ңԷȴǹٻ¼ͥףҲЩٻ˺ϲƽҲ߶
ֻǼ⼸λɫı磬ùҲ˳ȻѾʮˣŮһʮͶ˵ģΪ岡⼸꣬Ҳÿһˡ
ùÿųȻ⣬ףҷĵܵܵĶҲѾʮˣǰòſ˾ˣպ˵״Ԫģǰ;ҲºҲġ
̼˼Ҳûôأ뵽ʲô˵ʲôùù˼ŮƤҲû˵ѡֻ·𲻾̽ȻȻҲʮˣҲÿˣ֪кʵ˼ң
ᵽϵļ˶һ٣̧ͷ
̷˾Щ̾Ůܳˣ֮˶ĹģֻҪܶ㻶ϲˡ
үȴŲһ뷨ûŮɵԣǿģ˵ȰȰԸء
ԣү㿴һòϹԣЦŵôûУҿСϾͺܺãȻȻҲϲպǳҾͿԵ˦ƹˡ
θʱ÷ˣ˿ӣСʦã·Ϊү˵Ļ
ҲͷǻЩЦ⣬ֻЦ۵ס
Ϲȴеţеغ˿ڲ裬·ү˵ıʵһ
Ȼ
ƫƫʱ򻹲ܵŹùһҵ̨
ùһȻûʲôŹֵķΧ˳ųүĿ⿴Աߵˣ۾һòҲ̫Щһ㽫ֶӸȥˣҲ׵Ļ
λϹǾģؼãòֳɫƷӦҲǲġ
ȻҲͲʲôֶˡ
*
Թ緹Ժ󣬳ȻͬһȥϹһȦ˺ЩظԺ˵˻Žùһߡ
ȹùһԺ󣬳ȻйϹԲ̸ۼ޵ĹϵҲûϲ
²ϹԵŮģϹǸױƵģָŪԼ
ʱ򣬳үĽͣȴֻǰڰֻ֣֪ʦá
һԺŮϲСأǲͻŮ
ȻǺ׵ģƣ֮ǰ˵øƵģ
үЦǲùôܲ˵ȥʱ¶ɣ
Ȼ
˵ͦеģһʱû
̷ȴһۣҲܺ˵˼Сô룿
Ůͷ˶ͬүЩίˣһϹԣôǺ˵أСϿϲǼȻȻˣ׸Ӧˣҵء΢٣͵صԣûɣСһǿµԲԣСϣ
ɫϹԵص˵ͷɫмֹɺ档
̷˿һϹԣ
Ͱ׵һƯĶӣ
ȻҲĬĬҪ֪֪θ롣
θͳҲܹŹ֣һϹԡ
ЩΪֺóүܻˣ֪²øˡ
*
Թ󣬳ү׼ڻ԰ţͳ̷ȹȥˡ
Ȼͼλʦںͷ
׸θ˫һЦЦһϹԣƺЩŪͬ𣿡
ƽպͶθ費׽ʱͬˣ͵ͬ⣬СʦҲͬġ
СʦϲȹСʦãСʦôܺϹһ
Ϲȴ·𲢲ǵĻ˳ȻʵСʦϲңΪʲô᲻ͬҳף
ҲȻ·֪뷨ʲô
Ȼ˿Щѹɽ󣬱Խһ·ٲᣬʦҲصľΪϲʦŰľ
Ȼ㿴Ϲԣʵڽ˵ϲΪһ֡
ϹԱʣһ֣
θͳҲ
Ȼɫص˵ϲֻʦ֮ϲѣĽһ֣ҪĲĶʱ̸飿һۣ԰ɣ
˭֪⻰ȴɫ𽥸һۣû˵
׾ϲǣһ׾ǵʦˡ
Сʦֻȴ븺ɣ
θȴΪӵһ֡Բֻ㵱áù֪ٻأû뵽һᱻԼϡ
СʦͬʱǼ˵ģ顢رϣˣȫǸʤһˡ
Ϊʲôôȴʵ̫ɰˣ
ôڲͬģ


 64 

Ժ, ȻźίؽҪ뿪˵ʹ磬ʹͶԴ׼ˣȻѹòеҲǿ, ġ
үԺȴûը, Ůµأһ˵ж, ˵жôôȤ, ַ·СӷǷ嵭˼֡
̷˶̲סЦˣүסˣүίͰס˿ڣŵԶ徻
ڷ˵ЩĻԺ, Ȼ㽫ļŵҩǣд˸ʲôЧ
ܸıǵҲûʲôĵҩ, βԼЩҩǿõģǵʲôӰ졣
ʦϴλΣĴ磬ҲΪþ, ҲбĻԱ
*
˷Ժ, ȻҲЩӰ, ûô˯, ڶҲ硣
֪һҪ뿪ʦҲԾ, ֻſںͳ̼˵ʱ, ˯һ̾Ҫ˯ȥˡ
үϹӣ۵سûҪ˯һ, 뿪
Ȼǲʵġ
λʦû˵ϹԵͷСʦÿһۺͰ
Ϊѣ̷˱ЦƵĿ˳үһۣԸѾ߽׼õĶǣһ·СģȻȻҵʱǵû
Ȼ˵ͷҲҪء
̷û˵ֻǱ˱ĳЩˡ
ܲҲǳѹֻǲֱӵرı˶ֻΪһ仰ãһ·˳硣
ȻšһЦЦ
үŮɿɰЦݣˣҲ֪µˣһƱĵصȻȻͷһҪúչԼˡ
ΪģȻƱܹɵӦһ
ڿɣɲԷ˷ǳ̵ӡ
ɣɻ治Ϊ׷ġ
̼˶һĵӣθЦŵĸǷģһչ˺Сʦõġ
Ҳ΢΢ЦˣСʦþ͸һģҲһֱչġ
ò̬òֳֿȷʵó̸˲٣Ůôʦֻţǿ϶ǲò˵ġ
һϹԣȻߡ
̷ȴ˿һۣɫ
ϹԲʾصҡ
θȴȻϹԵĻ̧ͷ˿ɫʱҲˣǱʹ˱ˣĸء
Ϲҭס
˴Ǳ˳̼Ժ󣬱뿪ˣʱ컹ûôǷ˸ƼҲûע⵽
뿪Ժ󣬳ү̾ŵ˻ͦζ
ԣ̷˱һۣͷ·ʲôֵĶ
ܲıҲЩһѾõǼλʦǶ⣬ʲôζĻҲȷúչãǱǲ̫ˡ
*
ǾӺݳǲԶֻ˰ʱ㵽˾ǾڣһƧ˵ĵط˵ء
ǵķȻֲӺݳǿɱȵģѾŶӽǵҲǲ٣ǽĴ
Ȼſʿأȥ˶ᱻһΪ˱鷳Ǽ˱ֱ˷ǽ˳ڵĺǽƳһӣ˿ɾʯϡ
ǵĽҲȱ𴦲ͬŶҪɻЩԶԶؿ߸ߵĻʹǽһ
ȻϹԱߣ̫ˣÿУϹȻǺȥһ䣬ҲͰˣֻɫ˼Թ
˿ɫʱ磬ҸջЪ£ʦܹѰǱǡ
Ȼ˵ͷҲû顣
żȥһرĿջ˼Ϸ漴ҪҪԵ
ʳȻ棬Ϊߵ˵ûʲôӰ죬ʳĿڸҲǲģڳ̼⼸үᾫ׼ʳҲЩϰ˷ʳ
ҲûԷܱ鵤óԣ˱㶼ͬˡ
ȵСŲ˵Ժ󣬼˱㶼һЩԵģϹȴÿһһЩ
СɣȷҪôࣿ
ϹԿһۣû˵ֱӽһȡ˳ϡ
СıͱþϲˣæƵģΪȵصСóȥλӺ͹ԵƬ̡
˵꣬Ų˵ȥˡ
ȻϹһۣ˵ļҲ̫Ȼˡ
Ϲȴ˵øСѣȻûӵġ
Ȼ
еԲϵ
СǶӽССѣ
ǮҲôӻİɡ
ǿСʦõϹ赭дֽӾ͸ʯͷƵĶǡ
Ȼ
ҲԣĶôȱǮڤĹпǸĻҶУǮмֵ͵һ֡
*
ϹԵСҲǰ׸ģǵ˵ʱûȥã˺ܱС̬Ȼõó棬͸źʵƵĹ˰һӣһЩˮġ
Ǵջķɫζȫ˺ʳ
˱㶼һЩ
ǳŵʱȴȻˣһ˾ǵ͢
ǿмƣӣӦһҹû˯ҲûʲôԱǾ͹Ҳ̫ݳ̫ˡ
СλӺһģæڵؼ꣬Ծشȥˡ
Ȼ˿ӣһ߸ǵһ裬һʣʦ֣ǲˣ
һڲ裬㽫ĵ˼ˡ
͢˾Ժ󣬱ֱӳҹɫȥ˻ʹȥ˹ʦڵıۣǹȻʲôͨˣȫ
Ϊ˱ݾߣҲûȥֻץ˸С̽
ǹȻʲôĵʿԣڵ͢ǼԺܱߵ⵽˺ΧˣҲˣ֮䲻ˡ
û뵽Ȼ㵽˷ŹʦȨôĻ¡
Ҳû嶯ȥˣǴȽѺĺȳǾͱѺƫƧ乬ֻǵطȻרŶԸĸ߼ֻҪ㲻ܽ롣
˵ԱҲ޷ˣַ󲢲ܶõġ
ԣʦضʲô˲Ŷԡ
ֻͬ͢۷ˡ
ԣȻ˶θ裬öʦֿܻ֪ôڷ󷨶ʮ־ͨġ
θҲûʧķħҵǻ⡣΢΢üֻ˭õģ
ûƬ̣ȥǾȳ˵
˶Դû飬ȻҲ˵ΪȻͦߵģǼԸǴ´ˣֻǡһҲһʲôķأ
ԣ΢΢ЦˣǾƲֶУѵǾû𣿡
θҲЦˣĴóСʦãûЩ
Ȼһۣͷ廨ţʲôķУЩĽˣ⵹Ҳء
һʦһƽӣֻһǲǣ
ʦֵٶûʲô͵ķ
ǿĻҲֻʦָĽ»ˣ»ƯĻƵģƯҲ޷
Ҫ⻨óλʦ˵Ļʦ˵ڿЦɣ


 65 

ҹԺ, ȻͬλʦһҢĻʹ
ʹĽɭϣһ·ͨظ˵ελá
ξͽڱ۵ķõ¡
۵ĵǻʵΪʦ, κܿʵ۶֪, ɹʦԼġ
һ˱۵ĵؽ磬Ũ, Ȼ, ͷϵʿŮ̫඼ӦòǷˡ
ȻζЩģζĺܳ
Ϊ˽ֹķڱ۵ĵ, Щò˴룬ɵýޣſڶѡ
ɵؾֻˡ
εڴ, ڴһƬששҲлؿԴ򿪵ģθЩȽóܿҵ˴򿪵Ŀء
שԺ, ȴһʯ, ʯȴ˸߼ķӡӡ, ȴζ򲻿, ᱻˡ
ӡڷ˺ȴûôġ
ԣθʯԱߵĿԺ, ʯűҲش, ¶˲ʯףʯ׺ܳһͷ, ͸ʪϢ
ͷѺǺ壬ȻܾͷţԣΪ͢Ҳܽȥθ軹ʩ󷨡
ԭļƻϹԺͳͷѷģǼΪߵģȻ޵ǿûʲôõ󣬵˵ʵȴҪǿϼ֣ϹԵʵ䲻ˣֵȻҲ˵ġ
ͷţͷʲôΣҲӦ
ڳȻ͢Ҫʯ׵ʱȴȻһֻס͢ȥ·
תͷͿ˶θηݣżЦСʦã̫Σˣʦܻͷɡ
Ȼһ£˫ƺζһۣ·ʲôܹɵЦðҺʦ־ͷǡ
üҪ˵ʲôθһԺȴַôǱĿģȻ֪ԭ򣬵ܲẦǵģֱ˿ڡ
ȻҲ˵ʲôֻЦ¡
ǰЩĵؿһ۵ܵܺСʦã˵ܵܣС͢ҪСʦãԼҲҪСģ֪𣿡
͢ͷ
ŸʯףǵӰܿʧʯ档
*
ǼȥԺͷֻʣ³Ȼ͢ˡ
͢һСʦõĲЩ죬ӦòܿһӳСʦ
Ȼл£ʣʦ֣㲻𣿡
͢Ҳ֪ܿΣգһֱž裬ԣҡվšͺá
Ȼľ䣬㲻˵ʲôֻǿ·ܡ
ǰͷﰲģӰ㿣֦Ҷҡҷ·ʱܱĳʲôµĶ
Ȼǹʦضܿͻˡ
ڷŶʦֺȻԭļƻҪ͢ͷʱŲ˵ﾹȻһطħ
󷨱ĸ߽󷨣õ˺٣ҲżȻʦù֪ġ
ħһʮָΣյ󷨣ŵǿҲо󷨵ģעĻҲ󷨡
ȻΪħסȴֹħҲһסġ
Ȼ룬󷨱ضרΪ˶ԸǶϵģܿǽһ̾Ѿ۵Ĺʦˡ
֮ǰǸ͵ܿǧ࣬۵ĹʦȴȻǿЩͨʤԳΪߡ
ǵٻᱩ¶ҲͲΪˡ
ȻҲûĶθǻᱻħһ򾡣ȻȥȻн⿪󷨵İ취
Ϊʲô͢ͷӦΪ˽͹ʦĽģƾͼƽ£˵׳ʲôϢ
ôŵʱ򣬾ͼ͢ȻνǰʱǰȴһƬƽ˾ӡ
ĸйضһʲô
ȻԽֱֽۣһŵ۵˻ʱ˷ӡݴҲ·ϰܼһֻֻ۾ŹɭĹ⣬˵ģ֨֨֨
ȻԺɫͺˣоб󵽡


 66 

Ȼ, ŵ۵ӦþǱ۵Ĺʦˣ䱻ΪʦɷǵҲû, ЩüĿ, Ҳ֪ôҢĹŷѵġ
ڿʱ͢ɫͰ, Ҳ˳
Ȼ˼һ, ֿǹʦ
Ȼϵ͢ģڼʱĴǾ͹мֳŪײеĸо, صСòˣѾǵˣ
͢û˵, ֻ򴽣ŽҲ˽Ҳ˼ֵ
Ҫȥʱȴ, , ͿСʦ÷·ЩƵĶ, ʣʦгЩҲץģ
Է·ע⵽͢Ů, ֻһȻѾǼ˵, Ҳ֪ɾͽ, ֻһСҲûϡ
뵽ǼλʦֶѾ˷ħУھôһСͷˣӵ, ҲûŶԸǣԣ·ŪѷɵƵģԴζصԣģΣ
͢ɫûʲôı仯Ůȴ·ŭţôѵͲĺ𣿡
Ծ͸о·ЩˣҪ治£Ҳ͵͵ЩˣҲǰ¶ЦһҲˣҺΣ
Ȼô𣿡
Է·ΪڿмԵõЦһ㵹ǻ˵ҿԿǸһȫʬ
͢䣬
ȻȴЩһѾؿ
ƺӲǺܺõӡ
Ҳƺȫ÷ڻĵ·һҪɱ֮ǰȷйһͨԼƵģʼ˵˵屻Χ˵顣
Ȼ֪ץ͢Ȼһε͢ԺһȻͳúܲҵڻңֵЩΪҲһ˸һɶҲΧ궼ûʲôҿˡ
Եȴ֪ôǳɱ˳ҪȴֲҺգ͵͵׽ЩƫԶСй߶ѡ
Ҳ˵ͨĵطֻɱйߣŵ߲εĸ߽˭µģ
ܻԾͶˡ
˼ʱȴּԶ͢ݺݵصûܳƣҶҪ֮أ
˵Ժ󣬳ȻͿͻʳ͢ȥΪ˾޴Σرªġ
Ȼ̲סһʦַӵĿռ䣬ԵЩָʲôοǸܿأԵ仰ıԵˡ
Ȼ˿ʱ򣬱㿴һѩһӨԣӰͳ͢ԣ˪
ţȻͿλʦҲӵγˣսҵʱҲûȥæֻǿϷϹ˸ǷΪһ˾ԶԸˡ
ǰǲŰģû󹤷ͱѪָֹԺûü·һɭɭĽĲϡ
Կ˿ֿ˿Ǳߵļˣмֲŵص㡢ǡôܳģ
θЦˣЦʱ˫һҲЩǷħѣΪѽ𣿡
ԵѾ⿪ˣּȻӣĿѪӿ˿Ѫ
ѽ
ǲĸ߽
Ϊʲôһ˾ͻ᣿
뵽⼸һ򾡵ļƻôһ̲ס˿Ѫ
ʱµĽȴЩĲӱ㱻Ѫۣ彩ס
˭ָʹЩµģʡ
࣬ȻҲ󣬱ôʵʱЩˣϵʱԵúӣûûָʹңҾҪѡ
Ȼһۣ˵ˣҲԼеЩ£ֹͷҲСֻҪƿżָȫ˵ˡ
Ҫ׷ʵʱ򣬳ȻȴȻоʲôΣյĶڿǶķ͢Ǳߣٶȷǳ죬ȴϢԲ
Ҳ룬æ͢ĸ첲һԣ㿴һޱȵĳն̺еıɱľ
ϳع꽣ɽλǰʮҪħģµûתͶ̥Ļᶼˡ
꽣ֱֱسȥˣ꽣ʱǿʱͻЩɱˣڶθֵסȥ·Ժ·ηƵת˸ʷȥˡ
Ƭ̼䣬ͷ·꼻һְѸʧҹ
Ȼתͷܱ͢ŵʣʦ֣û°ɣ
ҲĵؿܵܣҪǰȴȻܵܵСʦõע΢΢ˡ
΢΢üƺﲻԵӡ
͢ҡû£ллСʦáҡ

Ū׹֮ˡ
ǶС͢ҪСʦõΪʲôȴСʦڱ
ӵӣǸӡ
ǲǽС̫͢ˣ
С͢ô׷õСʦã
תһ룬С͢׷ĻȻͻˡ
ǵʱǲǾͿԽСʦõİĽˣ


 67 

꽣ʧԺ, Ǳ㽫ȥʵģû뵽һתͷȴȻѾ϶Ѿ, ֻɫ۾ƺЩ, ·ԼôƵġ
꽣ûȻô, ƫƫͿҪ˵Ļʹʱ, Ҳ֤Űɱ岢ֻΪ˱ѡ
ⱳضűı
鿴һʬɫѿ
ȻЩؿһ۵ϵνҲǷ˻Լ, ԼޱضֻѹûнԼİ취һϿԼ, ޱ϶Ͷ̥תĻᶼˡ
ԣһ㲻ͬ˶Լ
ȻҲôû󣬵ô˵Ҳ, ô˶Լ
Ѿ, Ҫָ֪ʹ˭Ҳûôˡ
˶һ, ֻȽʬ, ЩСҲһһɾ֮Ȼؿջ˵
ڵЩĺѾθս, ûͬһؿջ, ȥɽｫЩ
*
Ȼ˿ջûãθǱҲˣ˱һ½ô졣
Ȼ㽫Լ뷨˵˳Եıһʹ, ˲ұ¶ݣԲŻɱڣֻǱ꽣ֵЩ֡
ԣθɫѵɫ˼֣꽣ǿɣɽڣĽΪλڴ˵أ
ԣ˶Ĭһ£Ȼ뵽˿ɣɵϣϾ߲ŵ֮꽣רŶԸģѹö޷
ԣǸĻʹҪôǷҪôˡ
ֳ⣬ھǵĻƺҲô⡣
Ȼȴһֲܻŵֱڿɣɴ꣬λŵĴȴƶùȻ̫˽ʲôˣ࿴ͺƣҲܺһŵļҲûУʲôĻֶζˡ
ңʹһУҪݣ㲻ܽ꽣ųǿɣ
£Ȼ꽣ڹ⽣˺ܿҲڹȥһԣ
οǵμȻڻʹ֮ڣôҲܿʹߵ⣬ǶԷڹĿԱˡ
ԣҲûʲô飬ʹҳǵԺضиĺ
۵ҲúҢʵ۽һ£ЩΪ˼䡣
ȻһҲҲ֪ûʵЩɲʲôʿ壬ûʵٱɱκá
Ȼ£ʣǡʲôȥʵۣ
ǲǱ¶ݵģҲҪٰʿ֮
˳£ȻҲ˼⡣
ʱȴϹ˹شȡһɫֽţৡһչԺͿͷдŻʰʺĴ֡
Ȼ
˵ɫҲЩ΢
ϹԿ˼һۣԿ
ȻһݹʿаĻʰɵ̫˷ģͷ˵аңҪʿа
⵹ҲȷǸ˳İ취
ֻǡ
Ȼ鵭ϹԣɲĶģ
Ϲ赭дǵʱ򿴼ǽͦȤ˺
Ȼ
Ǹһǵʲôʱȥǽ˺
ʦֻһעҪܣ뵽ǰϵĶ·Ϲ߶Ƶģ̲סҲһ䣺ԺȥĶǵǰ˵һҪԼˡ
ϹԿ΢ð
Ȼ˿Щɵ飬Ҳ֪ûн⻰ϡ
*
գҾһ빬Ҳ˶ȥӧǰȥ̽һ֮òٰʿĻܻͦˣο¹غ壬ȻҲû顣
͢Ϊͯͬһ빬
Ժ󣬴ұԻطЪϢˡ
ڶһ磬ɷǵĵʿģƽش͢һʳȥˡ
ʹصϸأ̫ӷĻʰȻǺõģƾһ·ͨؽ˻ʹ֮㱻̫쵽̫Ӽ͵Ĺ
ŮĬĬǰ裬Ҳ̧ͷ࿴漴ȥˡ
ʱһ緢˽ŲʮҵͣݻЩȴ˴˵ģԵЩŵӡ
߻С̫࣬Ȼźģһ̧ͷһۣ漴ֵͷ
¼̫ӣҲݵʳм˵̬
̫ӾͲ߿࣬˼֮ģ֪е֮ʿǷ֮ˣȻǲὲʲôʼߵǵģᣬȴǱһĪŷ
վŵǸСͯ͸һɼʡ
ǲ֮ǰЩҡײƭĵʿ֮ʳҵı۵ĵʿҪöء
̫ӱ΢΢˿ȣԱߵ£̧ͷƬ̣ʵգԺη
˲豭̫Ӽģʲô㲻Ҫ֪˰ɡ
ͦ
̫ҭ£ЩգҲ̫ʶ̧Щ־ҲǸ汾µġ
뵽ͷλְסӣ̽ص˵ǣǵɷ񿴿ⶫаںδ
̫˵ⶫаҲֻǽڶѣѹûʲôаֻǲб£ЩµĻźýλ֮Է
˭֪ȴվûվֻɨһۣа𣿡
̫ӲûԼߵ̫බ£ԣֻʧؿһۣ֮ǰЩ̬İݶŭЦҲͽѣ
ҪôҲǵһαƭˣ֮ǰǼλ˰ӸϳȥһʿһǸٵʿŭҲ㲻׷Źˡ
ʱȴȻתͷ
̫ӲԣʶתͷһһͲ궼ˣߵС̫ྐྵȻôһֳַֻʵĴȻ̫˾ġ
ȶˣվվҡ
ȴֻǿһߵĵͯüĿĵֻͯһ䣬ѾʧӰˡ
̫ӺðβŻع˿ŵÿڸģɶ豭ֻֻͣŬסֶ֮ǰе֮
㲻ŶаȴĿƽؿ̬Щ䣬ΪλҪʰ񣿡
ԣ̫ӵͳҲ˲϶ˣ̾˿֪֪ں󹬵λʹ


 68 

빬Ժ, ʱҲ磬ҲûȻֶ˯һ, ˯ŵʱ, ȴȻˡ
۾š
վſڵȴճڵʦ, ѵû˯, ϸ͸˼ֻ
Ȼ£ʣʦ, ôʲô
ɾ˾Ȼ˯ˣǲ顣
ȻԺ, ʦе˸߲ҵصҪȥ
Ȼ
ѾΪ˵
漴ȷʵ˵ȥʱҪ˵һĻ
ȻҲûȥĶҲ֪ǾھǹѣǷ֣ʦֻʱɽϵԵ, ˺, ǶջҲ֪
ֽȥ, ǵҪæ, ϹʱɢɢҲ޿ɺǡ
ȻҲһ·ԼϽ֣ʦ, һ, һ·
ϹԡšһűԺ, ΢΢´
Ȼ·ʱ򣬾ͿϹԻԹԵվԭأ̧ϸżֻȻɵĹ˿ζһ߰ɡ
ֻ˴¥ȥʱ򾭹˶θűߣžͺȻˡ
θ޳ӰſڣǣüСʦȥģ
ȻȥϹ䡣
θ½Ц⣬ǲͬȥ
ȻȻûоܾɣͬˡ
ϹԿ˶θһֿۣ˳Ȼһۣ˵ʲôֱ˿ڣЩСˡ
*
ӽ£ȻǷޱȵģ˳ӿѰ·ҲӺݳҪõöࡣ
һ·һ·䣬θƺԾǻͦϤģҲͲصĻ·ˡ
һС̯ǰʱȻס˽Ųĵرãסڳ¶ʱʦ־ǻΪǰĵ
Щһڿջˡ
θĵΪϲĵѡһ衣
˸ǮԺ󣬶θ㱧Ż裬ҪҪȥǰͷķ
Ȼͷһתͷȴߵûˣˣʦأ
͵͵ˣ
ģθüô˻߶ˣ
Ȼһۣʦ־ò᣿
θĬ£Թ⣬̾˿ұСʦȥһҰɡ
ͲϹֲźãúСʦõദһ¡
ʧСʦþͷȥңǰͷǸſڻϾͳɡ
*
Ȼ߹˼ӣһۿϹվһǰͷŶӣǸ廨ӣҲ˵ֻɵġ
ȻҸرȣ˺ܳĶ顣
ϹԲ֪СʦԼΪѡҪܾõģֵʱŮ£漴ܲ˼
Ѿˡ
ϹԴƬ̣ĿƵ֮ǰǰͷĺŮϣʱĸմãӽӹҪߡ
ϹҲסﻹһöӡ
ŮһۣҲˣ΢΢£漴ػס㣬Ҳ
ϹԱò̵ö㻻
ŮװͰ͵Ҳ߿
ʱϹתͷСʦתͷʱɫмѹƵĿŮ
㿴ҲûãÿŮͱͰ͵Իˣæ˶
ϹȴȻ㿴ǱߴɫȹС𣿡
Ůתͷһۣüôˣ
ȢķˡϹԳϿҵԵľˣ򲻵ĻһҺʧġ
Ů˿ǱߵòŮֿ˿ǰòеĹӣɫЩˡ
ϹĲһҲôһεˣҿԻܶӸġ
ŮһۣһӣֻҪˣķݶϣұˡ
Ȼʱ򣬾ϹԻظ˵лл
ȻͬǺŮ΢ĽؿһۣЩĪ漴վԭصϹԣʦ֣ôܣ
Ϲȴݸû˵ֻǿ񰲾ֹɡ
ȻĻͷˣһۣ²Ϊ
ϹԱЦˣšһӹ˸㣬ʣʦأ
ȻȥǱˣ˵ڷݻϡ
ϹԱһȥǱߡ
һĸ㣬Сʦã㲻𣿡
Ȼ㽫Ҳָһһ顣
ҧһڣŴɿڣм˴ѵζζ
ó𣿡Ϲʡ
ȻЦˣţܺóԡ
ϹԱҲЦˣЦƺмᣬŲ΢ٿս
£ָѾǣĩ
սʱĺ΢΢һ٣Ժؿϸֱͦı˵۴ĸǶȿÿ᲻գۡ
ȻоЩ
ʱθҲˣ߹ʱƤЦⲻЦʦֿ˺ҡ
Ϲû˵ֻ΢΢˹·θڿƵġ
θ軹Ҫ˵ʲôȻˣ˵ˣʱҲˣǻȥɡ
θ̽
СʦøòڻϹ԰ɣ
*
ֻǾǴȥʱ򣬽ȴȻЩ춯ǰͷһȺΧҲ֪ڸʲô
Ǳ߹ȥ˿Ȼ͸ȺĿ϶һŮģӵϷȻŮûһͽӸشҶںЦſ֡
θҲǺŮ΢ɲر£Сʦã˵Ҫȥô
ʦֿϧˣʱȻߣȻòԾҲû˵ͷ
ҪߵʱǺŮȴѾȺĶθ裬ȴЩȷǲԼǸˡ
ΪԼˣ̾ҪߵķӦȷˣɾϲؽеιӣ
θ̾˿ֻͣסŲ
Ȼأʦϵ
θЩͷۣƵĸͣĹҲͼѣûʲôϵġ
Ȼ
ֲûйϵθŽͷӡ
ȻһѾĺŮϳ֮ǰϹ˵ŮԶθȺôҲǼô򵥰ɣ
ںŮӹ֮ǰθǰһ˵㽫ܸʶˡ
ȻϹԱһ߳Ÿһ߿ǡ
*
Ůһߺ󻹻ͷһۣע⵽ǸΪòŮҲǸθһģɴ󷢣ʣ˭
һʹע⵽Ů߻վŸӣ֮ǰڸǸ»ޣȻˣҪΪԼǸȴθĻԺˡ
θ·Щ˼ѹǡδޡ
Ů֮ǰǿƭǶθ軨˵˼ҵĿԸɱˣԴ׶ˣŭ˼ҶѾˣ
θҲֹСʦõƣҲСʦóδ޵ģԲô˵ŮĻ£Ź֣˭ˣ
ŮߵǸӰ
θɫɺˣһۺŮǷŭ飬֪Ҳţ΢ЦûϵǺܿҪˡ
Ůɴ۾ɱûӾȻˣ̫ˣ
˵Ժͷ·һתߡ
θ裺
*
Ȼ֪˵ʲôֻŮһ仰θˣ̲סʣʦ֣㡭ôˣ
θɫЩΣע⵽һͬϹԺɫȴˣ΢΢һЦصʦʲôʱȢСʦã
Ȼ˼ҲתͷϹԡ
ϹԴƬ̣޹صҲ˵ʲô
Ȼ
ı鲻˵ģ


 69 

ʱ, ͢Ŵӹ
Ȼ˷͵ǰ¡
ԷʱͽԺŽһ¡
ӳŮɫ, , ҴҪ̫ڰæġ
̫ڼź̫Ժ󣬱ĵŲˡ
۵ĹʦѾʱ, ̫ӵķӦôܽʾصĹʦɱ, ǴϲлΪ͢ôһ
ȻȨصĹʦҲܲԸ۵ĵʿԷǼϲ¡
ʹȥȺﶼһ, ֻΪ˱ĶõǳõֶΡı
ЩѾˣҲûɱ, ֻǴ㽫ǴãЩĺҪһġ
̫ҵʿȴΪۣΪɽԵ߻صĻʹŮæȥһ
̫ԴǼλʹʹġ
ʹûʵ۳Ůɫֻ֪Ҳ, ޶, ˲, տ಻, еĴҲԣһ˳߲İԵ
Ȩ̫Ӷ, ̫ôܲŭ
̫ӲûʲôȷԷ֤, ֻǾ̫ˣˣ빬֮ǰ, ʻţôὫʸԳӹܵӡ
Ȼмֺ棬ʣʦȥǲ
ԣɫмֹŹ֣һۣ³֣ǡ
ȻԺ󣬲ֹ͢ɫҲЩ֡
Ȼԣֻʹʲôϵǲɫǻʲô⣿
ɫɣҺС͢ȥˣĵȷȷǸˣֻȻŵúСʦм񡣡
ԣȻ£û뵽ԭ˵ɫҲ΢΢һ·ʲôֵһ
֪ôȻȻһˣʶʣʲô֣
ƺǽ
ȻɫЩ΢ˣʱڤɻᵽû뵽
Ҳϵġ
ֻǣ˵һǧǰʶģѾͶ̥ת˲Ŷԡ
ڵȴôתҲɣ
ֻǡһһǧƺҲףɵķҲܻôõġ
ʱЩ⣬ֻû˲
ע⵽ɫʣСʦϵ
ʵڹλʹʱһ̷֪ûбŮҪΪλʹСʦõĽˡ
֮òҲΪ档
СʦõķӦȴƻɺϡ
Ȼ£û˵飬ô֪Щ˵κӵºĹ
㽫ۿֵ˵˳
ǶϢǸǸˣһǧꡣ
ʹҲǷˣҲúĻӦþͬһˡ
ôܻôõԭͺֵ˼ˣʮа˾ЩѲ˹ϵ
ĻԺɫһ䡣
ºйصĻ˵ͨˣۣ˭ܽôʧϢѹ
һɫ·֪ڻƵģʵൽΣǲ̽һĺá
ԣͬһ𡣡
ȴ΢΢һЦܾˣ漴˳ȻСʦϸִ˵ֵܷʲôأСʦúһ𣿡
׳嶯Ҳỵ£Ȼ£ͬˡ
üһΣأСʦû°ɡ
ȴЦˣû£Сʦúоġ
һΪ˵ս飬ԼСʦýµ飬Ҳ˵ʲôˡ
Ȼȴ̲ס˳һۡ
˵ľָǰɣ
ö˵Ҳû飬ֻҲûţڰнӦǣҲóְæġ
*
ȵҹ˾ʱ򣬳Ȼͬһȥ˻ʹ
סĵιʵ޹ĵط׾ҵˣ˻ʹҲûʲô·˵ι
ʱǰԺﲢûʲôˣҪڵʱ򣬻ʵ۵ȴſڣǰҲŵشͷݶ
ʱʵѾһڹ˵Ĵӵ½˵ڡ
*
ݶϣƬûƿЩͷ⶯鸴ӡ
ȻߵĹǲǾרŸַĻ
¿רעȻҲ̲ס˹ȥһˡ
µ޹ʵһŮߵ˴ǰ˵̬Ȼһʹֱ⣬̫˵ʵ۳ŮɫҲûԩ
ֻûǻʹ
ֻһ۾ƿߣЩΣⳡʶġ
תͷȴֳҲ£˵˾䣺ʦ֡
ȻЩ
֮ǰһײҲûʦְʦԼġ
ʦȴȻйˡ
˵ʱ򣬵ȴŮ˽˵£ղУ岻
ʵ۾żҪ̴̫ҽ𣿡
Ի֪ûʲôĻˣȻֵͷȥ
㿴ʵ۾ڴǰʮͣòʣͦΣȸϵĹȷ磬ӶǻʵۣźӵūƵġ
ʹڴϣֻܿӯˣʮָˣɾʵסֻǽĵɤã檾ˣϢϢͺˡ
ʵŷģҪҪʲô
ʹȥ
ʵ۾С̫౻֧ʹתĸԸģæȥһι
ʹ˲裬̫ô˵ʿǸЩһǻ𣿡
¶̫Ѿʵ˵ˣʵҲûŭֻ˵ǱǸѣ⹬ҲЩţõʿ˿
ʹȴˣΪǵʿ檵أҲҹ̫ӣСҥԵġ
д£ʵһŭˣѹ޻ȥͽѵ̫ӣЩҥҲϣ֪㲻ģЩ˾Ǽˡ
ʹл¡
ʵһĵˣͬĥһű򷢳ȥˡ
*
ʵԺ󣬻ʹ˹Ůźƿʵʱ򣬳ȻҲŵԿݡ
ȿԺͲɴסˡ
տصĶǲŮģǵһοôŮˡ
ļѩپ£Ҳˣüۼ仹͸һּ˵Ľʣ·ʲôҲ˵ֻվǶڹƵġ
ô̬ǵҲѹܽһʵԳˡ
ȴֻ΢΢üƺЩϲһתͷȴע⵽Сʦõ飬ЩΣϵʲôÿģѵҲÿ
ԣȻŻع񣬾תͷһۣζ
·˵òÿԼû

˵õϲأŮ˶ǲǣ


 70 

², Ȼ¿ʱ򣬾Ϳʹױ̨ǰŮڸжױ, ķһһȡ, һͷٵĺڷҲɢ
ʹôžԼ
ȻҲʦ˵ʹԼЩ, Ҳһ, һҲЩֹ
ٵȷǺʹ񣬶ͳ̼ҵȴƺûʲôġ
ҪдŮ˾ǳ̼ˣԼǲǺŮѪԵϵˡ
Ϲĥʱ򣬺ȻµĻʹžӺȻ˾䣺˵𣿡
Ȼ
ⲻҪ˿
ŮƺѾǵһαô, æط˼䣬ЦŮˣͷЩɼҲȲһָͷء
⻰, ΢΢ЦˣһЦˣЦݷ·ĳҡ
ʱŮͷĶȴȻ¡
Ц΢ôˣ
ŮƺЩµصĻ, ū澷֡Сһ׷
Ĭһ˲
ϱһЦҲû, ȥɡ
Ůæ˿˳ȥ
ȥԺ, ǰ˹ͷ˻, κк֬ˮ۶ڵأΪһͷղƵġ
ȻЩ, û뵽
, 㣬ӦһǧˣǶʮҵģ
һôزģ
ɵķҲһǧ껹ġ
漴Ϳƽ, ͷóһľͷӣӴԺͷŵһŵҩʲôҩܿóͷŵŨ
ŵҩԺ󣬲֪ǲǴ·Ҳ˼֣ͷȻڿǸ׷ڲڡ
ǻָõıԿǸ׷Ѿںڵˡ
ֿ֮һۺӣͷտյģü˼£Ť˴ͷĻأͷҴű¶˳
¿˿߽ңҲ֮ˡ
ȻйŹ֡
Ȼתͷ˳һۣɫ΢·֪ʲôҩƵġ
ʱҲȥԺҲͬһҡ
*
ܺڣֻſһյơ
˳ܵһֱǰߣһյңҵܵżװҩĵĹӣмһӣϷһЩƿƿ޹ޣӺͷȴȻһܴĵ¯
¯ŻûʱҲգȻ÷άֵġ
˵¯ǰʩ˵¯漴Ʒĵҩ¯ˣɫһϲҩһһװĺ
Ҫľеʱ򣬳ȴȻľи˹Ҳ¶˳
Ȼ˵Ķ֣ҲͺйصģȻҲټֳӰ
Ȼֵ˳һ
ֻǳȴû˭ȻǵʿȻһģȻ֪ǵˡ
ȻȻǸģЩҩŵŨЩĺضѲ˹ϵ
·ĻĿӹ漴ЩӵصЩҩҲһЩҩѣλʲôˣΪô͢
ӵͨķˡ
ѹûʲôġ
ȴ˿ĵҩ߹ȥʲôˣ㲻֪𣿡
ȴֻǲֻֿŵصҲ˵ʲôҪʲôУҩûҡ
˵䣬˵ų˾ܾ
ȴΪֻЦҩⲻפյ𣿡
ȻҲ֪פյеפյƺΪĲһΪɫѾ
תͷһۣ͵פյһطҩĻûʲôΨһȱһɵġ
Ȼʣʲô
΢ǱǺڵƳפյഺϣһΪ˵ţ˼ַ񣬡òİɣ
Ȼľٿʱ͸оʲôˣӿǴˡ
û뵽Ȼ˵ˣҲͬƣЦҼȻ飬Ȼụ̂ҵ̨ѵͲ㸸׵𣿡
ԣȻ£֪˾Ȼʶģ
תͷһ۳
ؿһѹûн漴ת۳ȻɫЩȻȥ͡
ȻҲ²⣬ԵмֿĿ⣬ͷ漴Ϳϵضˡ
פΪȴߵģеķȻҲѧòôۿҪסʱȴȻһƼǿɱڵĳ
Ȼһ۱ϳǱרŶԸ꽣
⽣ǿģҲ˵塣
һ̹ʱ𣬱ܿһ
ȻĿҲڴǣǽ꽣ңҶ˸
Ҳ˶˴󲿷֡
*
ĺȻȻܿע⣬ʵҲûԶæ۷·ǰ鿴̫ӣ˱һˡ
ǹʱÿֳֳ˵ιƺ׷ϣʵۻΪʲô̿ͣæǰȥ
̫ӼʹǸֳֳݵӣȴòԣҪסʣȴ˦ǰȥˡ
û°ɣô
ʵ۸ո߹ȥû˵꣬ĽѾĲӼ䣬׷ұɱ
׷ĳͳȻס˽Ų
ʵ۵ѾˣҲھǲ
Ǿֻ취ˡ
ͳȻһۣ漴ҽӸ㣬
ȻĶ˵Ҫƺˡ
ʱȻ䲻س֣Ʒ罫ʵ۸Ƶһߣ漴ͬ
̫æǰ˿ʵۣʣʣû°ɣ
ʵȴǿǺ͹òƵòŮ˴
һԿţûǰû壬꽣Ϸ˵ʱԵƽƽˡ
Ҳ֪ԼĶ֣þŽڵϻһرҵէɳҶϻѿЩϸ졣
ûˡ
ȻҪ׷ȥȴȻθѾͣ˽Ų
ܹӲ˵ˡ
Ȼ֪ͷţշ˵ιʱ㿴кȻһżЦĿӣһ˫һ۶ˡ
ǼΪŮɫԵˡ
һ漴˼ƻȥ˭֪˾ܷܲߡ
ӱ΢ЦŵȻԡ
˵ţÿ·
һۣΪ汻סˣַڣУٶȺܿ졣
ֻճȥϱһĽס
ȴһɫӷ·ƾճְ㽫Ĳϡ
֪СʦǵĽΣ϶ģԥҲЩһ漴˲ԶĶθ衣
θЦңСʦó̫ˣôö֣
ޱƵĿһۡ
Ҳһˣʲôֵģ
лҪ˵Ĺ¿ˣ¸ʦֵֻġ

 71 


ս֮Ժ, ̫ӱϳǰĵ㽫Ҳʵһ¡
ʵȻҲΪ˶ȻĿ־, Ȼ, ҲʲôҪ˼ˡ
û˿ңûǿʲôҲûˡ
Ҫʱ, ʵ֮õ, ·ѹͲôĹƵġ
Ȼɫϲÿ죬ȥҲ죬ݸҲס
ʵۻʹ, ȻûдӦ
*
˿ջԺ󣬳Ȼ㽫ͳ鵽˼ˡ
, ɫ˼ŭţΪղϣͲкô޹
Ȼְ顣
θ˶̣鵹ûʲô, ֻ΢΢˼Ƭ, ƾһ, ӦҲô¡
, Ȼɿ˳һۡ
Ȼϵóģǻ˼, ˻ĸס
ߵĵ, ĸ׻˭
ȻЩ²⡣
ȴȻĿ⣬·ʲôȴƵЦ, ˣȻ»ɵ㣬ǲֱʾͺˡ
ɫ£
Ȼ˼ҾͻԹԵشҪһЩֶΣƫƫԷǸŮˣʧȣɵķ
ȴ΢΢һЦֻҪ֮֮ԷҲ᲻ϻشġ
ò¿ֺƣһֺܿɿ׽ĸо΢Цʱ͸ŷˣڼߣȻҲûʲô飬ֻǲλǸúϵˡ
Ȼȴ˳һۣġ֮֮һ˼ɣ
*
Ȼһţȴ˯˵ɾܾˡ
ȻҲֵУԼķ䡣
ʱҹѾˣȻһܣûʲô˯⣬˳ʵĽ
Ӧòû㱩¶Լݣһ˽ġ
ȻҲ͹˽ʱ
ȻŴ򿪣˳ʦ˫Цĺô쿪ţƺЩ⣬漴ζʣСʦûû˯𣿡
Ȼ
˵øƵġ
Ȼʣʦôˣ
ԣЦ£˳ֽŹˣ漴ߵǰ£ˣҵǶ˯˲Źġ
Ȼ££ʣʦôʵģ
Լһ裬ȴû⣬ֻЦЦ̧ȻʵСʦӦѾµҵˣ
ȻÿɷؿһۣʦҲҪ˵ȥ𣿡
һ٣һۣʮֵѹع⡣
ȻΪ治أҪڵʱȴʦž˵Ȼս½ˣ۽ǵҲ͸ֻˣס֣ò¶ģɫСʦãǲ˵ȥҾʲôģɺã
˵ؿڰʾʲôƵġ
˫ֱѩ¾͵طӦʲôһ޿̵صʦ֣ٲѴãҾͽ˹ˣ
Ƭ̣ȷںɿ֣ã̾˿СʦҪŴӦҲ˵ȥ
Ȼȴ鸴ӿһۣǺһûʲôڲٵģΪ˼ƶóˡ
ע⵽СʦǸӵ񣬳ĶʲôɿһҲû˼
ȻŶһû˵
ţ̾˿Ǵ˼ţûˣ˵ЩĻĶѣΪСʦϲԼӦþͿˣû뵽СʦþȻܾ
Щ͵ؿһۣȻɾͽܣϲ˶ܱ侲ѡ
ȻȻ֪Բôֻ࣬ǾЩ֣ȴҲû룬ʦ֣㷽˵ʲôҵģģ
һۣµûҸоþҪһʲôˣЦȻ
ʵ仰û˵Ҳ֮࣬ǰҲ˳ģɾҲʲôô
ڹֵҪǲģСʦƷܺãȻΪѵġ
Ȼ֪ԼڶԷĿеôãɾʹӦ֮ǰҲǺɾʹӦҲ֪߾Լʲôõɵ
һۣʦֻ۵ĶأȻôúӣ۱ƺҲͦƭӡ
ôһ룬ˣ£ӦĻҾͲ˵
ЦˣǿһСƵģǱлСʦұˡ
Ҫѹ͸ûģ˵ˣļλʦܲҲСʦõĻô
СʦùȻϲģԲ˸Ҫ
ȻЦݣǲʦ֪ܿݵˡ
ϢҲģʦıô飬Ųʦֺ۵ϢǳƵġ
ʦڿɣɣʦԵѹ͸㲻ʲôġ


 72 

ڶ, ϻﻹװһѱץԼὫǽִϴ, Ⱥ˴Ժͬǻϡ
ȻҲʦ֪
֮ǰĲ²Ҳ, Ƕ֪פյƷҢΪԼ, ץ˲ٵĺꡣ
֮ûǱߵĹע, ΪЩ»Ϊڡ
ǧǰҲйֽ飬۰ҪӦûΪ˴ѹ塣
Ҳ۵ĹϽΧ֮ڣʵȴܲǣ֮е׽һ, Ȼ۵ۡ
ˣֻΪһ˽µȴ˰ױɽìܡ
ڴ£۱ضǻҪ˵, ֻǻ᲻˺˵ˡ
ӦҲ̫ƽˡ
߲꽣ﻹǿɣŸģҲ֪ǲҲΪɫԣȻںʱķ
ɼԸĺһױ, Ȼ, Ҳɺӡ
һСľͳԵԼŵĹ, ȻıЩ΢, ž͸ʦһĵ¸, ȻŲ, Ҳʮֱصġ
ƽĶһӡ
о۶ܵ˲Сĳ
ԺǳԹ緹ҲҪȥһطˡ
ԷʱȻ̲סʣǵôʵģ
ôŵĹ϶ʳˣ
ôôϵô
ᵽ, θƺЩؿ˳һۣЦȻҪߴ磬ʦֿϴ˵
Ȼ
ʲôϵ
ûθĴȤ͵ôһ˵Ҫϣʲôϻشˡ
Ȼô򵥣
Ҳ⣬ƺһòñʲôҪŮˣòҲͳ㣬ᱻвҲͦġ
ÿɷءšһ
θִЦһ˵꣬ʦ־ͽˣһվӵʱ͸ιȥˡ
Ȼ۶θƺ¶ͦЦ飬زϧˣ
ĶԣĶľӣ
Ƭ̣Աߵʦ־ͻصҸġ
Ȼ
ľɫòǰϧĶȫõļλʦһ·ᱻʲôŮס˰ɡ
*
һٷԺ󣬳վСʦãȥʰһ¾̰ɡ
Ȼ˵ͷ£ȥģ
˶һۣۿҪͬʱ򣬳Ȼæ硭һԣĶֻȥġ
ǱϾ۹µģȻҪȥҪǰĵطˡ
㣬㡣ϹƺͦȤ͵
Ҳû˸
Ȼ㿴ָһ㣬漴ָۣɫصҢ߾سЩأҲЩԩ꣬ȥǶ
ȻӣĪʵͦ˷ܵģЩԤС
ʱҲһ˵ĵطɫͲϹؾķӡɶˡ
Ȼ£漴йأڸսʤΪֵʱЩսϹޱ㱻ӡڷһɽ
ǸطƺͽСسǣ
ȻһϹԣǽЩصĵط
˰ɣ


 73 

Ңı߾سǾ뾩ǲǧ֮ң, ΪܾϹȥȳ˾ԺǱ˷ɽ, ֻǷɵر, ˾̧ͷҲᷢʲô쳣
سǵĵؽԺԱȾǺЩ, ҲҪöࡣ
سǵſûء
Ȼͼλʦһس, ķɳرأǳڣ紵ʱҲǻɳ졣
ȻһǾͱɳǺÿ˼
θ˷壬ƿط˵ȻСһ, ֻʩڵķɳͣ
Ȼſ˳ڵжưܣҼŻ, ݵҶҪˡ
¹ȽƶҲõ˼ĵز
ȻܿóǳѾŨصˣȻҲܿó
ӦѾϹؾܳˡ
ǱǴҸջס£̽ġ
ڿ, ȥӡĵطˡ
ֻ, Ҫ۷ǵʱ, ȴȻһҴҵ, һķ糾һӴſ׵Ľʿǰͣˡ
ͷĿƽģӴһ, ĿڳȻ϶, м־֮ɫ漴̽ƵʣλǴģ
̩ȻظǰһЩķʿݣΪŨضǰ̽ɱվס, ڷкܶķʿġ
ԣɫЩϲ漴ȴ뵽ʲôǵɫЩˣʵڵȷʳҶԷóαװͨˣ˷ʤԻ뼸λȥֱܷǷ
ü΢
ȻҲЩ֣˵سǵĳҲǷˣôֱܷˣ
Ȼڳʮ־ƺɣλģǳԩһˣб³ĻȻҲúÿλġ
תͷһۣûʲô飬ͷݵ΢ЦҲãǱһ˰ɡ
⽫̹Ȼ䱸ҲͷӦòαװġ
*
üʿƥøǣ漴ͷǻ˳סĸۡ
סĵطǰɭϣҲͦģѾūͻһѣżȻ仹˵˸оЩ˼̻سǵĽŻ
ľҲ컨
콫ǴһӦǴ͵ǵһȣתȥˡ
Ѿ߽˲衣
лҪ˵ʦֳĲֽдˣд

 74 

ȻҲûȶ, Ϳһ΢ᡢɫЩڵĻ˽ԲӦһȽ͵ˣȴĪһΥ͵ĸо
˵ʲôطԾ
Ȼɫؿ, ȴȻ΢΢, תͷ͢ڵ͢·ʲôƵġ
͢ʦֱĶˡ
, ųûܸ֪ϢҲ֡
Ȼǽеĳˡ
λλԺ, 㺬źƵЦǵݣ˵ǻЩԺ󣬱ڸۡס£æسҵ
¶, ƺǳƵس̾˿
Ҳû˵𲻴Ӧæֻ̾΢΢һЦ, ʣ֪
ȴƵصǲ֪أҲû˼ӣ˶Եˣ˵óαװɷ, ڵİնŵòҳˡ
ü·ͷ۵, Цʣô˵ֻͷ¶βҼ˵֣
Ȼǰ;ﲻԾ, ˳⻰, ȷʦҲʲô⻰Ÿˡ
ֻǲ֪ΪҲû֪
λֳȻ֪Լݱ¶ˡ
ֻЦ⽩, ·û仰Ƶ, 漴ǣλڸס°ɣ׽ס, ؽл
ס¾ͲˡθҲЦˣĵذĲ豭΢΢ƤЦƵĵ˭֪ǲǴ㻯װǵģԵأ
Цֽ£Цŵøƣ⵹صģɭϣֻ첻
ȻĥĥĶԻѾͲס뿪ˣЩʦȴôȥ˼֣΢΢ԣֻֻûЩûʦǵļȡЦһ˼ƭºһ򾡡
̲סֱ׽ʱȴʦһسֳʵôأ
Ц¾ͳ׵׵ؽסˣû˵
ֳɵҲ÷Ӧڶˡ
Ȼһʦ֣ʦֵ޹ضЦЦ
Ȼ
ʦ־ǹİɣ
*
Ȼ¶ֵĻҲˣû뵽ֳȻǸСģݺĵһӦȻӡ
ǳ֮ǰֳԭΣǴϬţһıؾ޴ģȴѸشݶݶ˸󶴡
ſڵĻûˣǡʲôʱֶģ
Ȼͼλʦ׷ȥ
ڿֵԭԺ֪ʲôˡ
ѹֽţϹʱڵޣóαװԼķˣαװü߼Ϣܺͷһģһӵз˵ļ䡣
αأݣǵ͵ʳԵĻ⡣
ֻСҲߣΨһȽóҲǻ׽֮˵ģĬسԵԷ
ҲΪαװıºܸߣԭûԳȻҲֻǲЩԾѡ
͢ʦӦųģϾϢˣҲ׻ǲܽȫû
ʦôģͲ֪ˡ
*
ţӶٶȺܿ죬Ȼһ·׷سͷɽҲصϹؾķӡ֮
Ȼֻţǳŷӡɶʱѷѳġ
ȻͼλʦַͷжţΧ۴ĸӵˡ
ţ˷ŭĺĿݺݵżˣһͷͳſĳȻȥˣֻţǼسĸ
Ȼ΢飬ǻ֪֣Ȼˣ͢ʦֲǼսİɣ
ţʱ򣬳Ȼһ򶨵վԭûͶ
ҲûְæϾҪ۹µСʦãǱҪҲ֡
ȻѡսپҲûĥ䣬ǰʱ½һʹţĺ䣬һʲôţԼײġ
Ȼû뵽Ȼһеʱ£漴ŷ˷·ɱʹţҲŤ
ţĺӦǱȽĲˣϹʱڵޣһ̹ȥʱҲûнĺһӾʹ̴ĺϲˡ
ϹؾķӡҲӲɶģֻţҲûãȻѾԹˣȻŵѪҺﻹŨŨ˵Ϣ
ɼسǵİûٱѹֽӰ
ֻǾ㽫ţ׽ʱţмȴȻһѷ죬·˺һϸĿӣԴΪĹһɿ磬ȻûӦͼֻţųһɹâ漴һԾѷ֮С
Ľûջѷһɼǿţʱ㽫Ҳȥˡ
ǵѷֵʱ򣬳ɫ΢䣬Сʦֵʱȴ½Ƕûץס㿴СʦѾǵѷһʧˡ
*
ڱǵѷ֮Ժ󣬳Ȼоһת漴㿴ͷѾתգ룬Ϊʱƶ׹䣬סεģȴԼϵȻҲòˡ
ΪԼҪˤ˵ʱȴûע⵽ŵһ»Ȼһ͵İɫâ漴оǰ·һӰιҲһ˫§סˣе̧ͷ㿴ʦݾº͵
£ʱѾʦѾƮƮ˵ϡ
֮һѩݣվڷɳܴĻĮ֮ϡ
Щ£ʦôȻðˣ
ûڱ㿴ͬһţڲԶó޶ŭȻǾýĵƵġ
û֮Ѿ̧֣ջ˴½ڽջصʱţĺһѪѪ
ǶѪѪɳĮ֮ϵʱţҲѾǰɢˣһǻҶû¡
Ȼ˿ϵѪ飬תͷ˿ѩųʦ֣
ʦֵַҲ̫ɴˣʬһǳɰ
֮ȴ۵Ѫ½߰ɡ
ȻûŪʦֵôֵأ⻰һʱЩ£ȥȥģ
֮һۣϴ
Ȼ
ʦֻǸʦ֣û䡣
*
Ϲؾǰĳ˵ַӡЩޡ
ȻʦֵĽŲԿһɳĻĮԶļΡĸɽⰻȻľߴ󣬾ԭʼʱڵɭƵġ
Լ޵ĺ
Ȼתͷ֮
ʦ֣ôȻͳˣȻǵԼѹûʦָġ
֮Ų΢٣΢ûʲô
Ȼ£Ȼ˱ؾʱĹâʶϵ»ȴһգ֪뵽ʲôŵؿʦ֣ʦ㡭
ò»εİɣ
֮ȴһ϶
ȻɫЩŹˡ
̲סһۣ̽ʦ֣òᡭʲô㶼֪ɣ
û»ʦ֣Ͼʦֺ»ͬʱֹģֻ»Ӧһֿ˸廯εķʦֵӦûͷ
ôУ֮Ƴһۣ˵ΣʱҲŻ֪
⻰Ȼŷģʲô˵ʲôʦֶ֪ĻҲ̫ˣҲܱܿ¶ġ
֮ȴƬ̣º͵صԣȻȻʲô֪ģ
ȻҭƬ̣Ц£޹صûа
֮ƺҲֻһʣҲû׷ʣʱѾߵһƬǰʼϴ½
Ȼ뽫۹µʦ֣⵭ӣƺʲô֪ˣ˵ΣղŻ֪Ļʵʦ֣ؾΣ𣿡
֮ϵѪϴɾһߵΣա
ԣȻͲˣͷˮԵ޳ָü΢ϴҲ͸һ𽵹Ƶоʣʦ𣿡
ԲŻȻ
ԣ̧֮ͷһۣЩӣ漴վЦЦЦǺܺÿĪЩڡ
Ȼ͸Цʲô˼˵˻Ƕˣ
ҵ˼ǡ߽ݻظº͵һЦڣȻǲΣյġ
Ȼ
ô˵Ҳ֪ʦֵʵɲ⣬⻰ôô˲ˬأ
ӹ½ؽؽһ۵ʦ֣ˣڽԵ˵һġ
Ըֻ޻Ǵ´İɡ
֮Ƭ̣һѪصڲò𣿡
ȻһȻ֪ʦֲ˵ٻʩˮȴûС
̧ͷ֮֮ǰؾʱҲòΪʧ֮ģû뵽Ȼؾòˡ
£ͷʣʦ֪ôȥ𣿡
ͷɻܹɣ֮ЦԴת˸ȥ˵һ֣ȡ
ȻãȻȡʲô
̧֮ͷ˿գȷӡѷٴγ֡
ȻŲסһֱأ
֮תͷ¶˰ĵ΢Цġ
ȻϲΪʲôȥ˭֪һȴû
ŵͬϹҲòģս
Ȼľ
ʦ֣ħ
Ϊʲôʱ򶼻


 75 

Ȼʦ˵Ҫȷӡѷٴγ, ӦҲȲ̫ãͷûǴ򲻿ӡͷļλʦһ취ȥġ
ֻǵҪؾסЩʱ, ҪҸڷĵطС
֮ɭֵķߡ
ȻʦΪʲô, ɭޱضҪڻĮ֮еģסڻĮĻҪȫöˡ
ֻѰҾĹ, Ҳ˼ֻ, Ϲʱڵ͸Ӵ󣬵ؾ̫ˣձ鲻ôʹȻôӦ
Ȼûü, ⼸ֻޱ㱻ʦָɽˡ
Ȼ㿴˿ʦֵĲЦʣʦ֣㲻˵Ҵ޵𣿡
֮ɫ, ꣬͸úˡ
Ȼ
ԣʦֲŲֵģ
ȻĬĬִܿ˾, ϾʦҪսҲΪá
Щؿʦһۡ
ʦʱʱ̿̽ϵҲѹܳΪɽĵһ, ƾݶˡ
, ȽƵһǡʦҪ, ôûôʦأ
ţ̲סʳ˿ڡ
֮Ļشǣ̫æˡ
Ϊ̫æûʱ, Ҳ˵ùȥ
Ȼʦһ, ȴˣʦֵǸʲôְҵæɹ
ҵļ̳أҲûжæ
ο֮˵ҵѵ
ڳȻĦʦְֵҵʱ, ȴȻǰиľݣȥ
Ȼ˳Ŀ⿴ȥȻڻĴĮһССľؼ䣬ЩưˣݶˣһǻķѾõġ
ʦ˹ȥʱɫѾЩˣľݿСƵġ
Ӧò޽ģ޶ΪϯԵΪҲǷ֮ıȽϲסӡ
οζάֲ˵ģӦҲܸԼľס
Ȼ뵽һԣתͷ֮ʣʦ֣ǰǲҲ
꣬ȴʦֵƺЩ֣˵ʲôʱʦѾƿľݵš
ľѾܾûסˣﻹĴǻҡ
ľڵĳҲܼ򵥣һŴһӣһӣһССױ̨ӣͷһľᡣ
ȻǰסӦǸŮӡ
*
ȻľݣͿʦתȥˣﻹŸľͰȥʣʦ֣㲻Ҫȥˮɣ
Ҳ֪ʦֶסҪһ˳ȾģҪסҳľǲܵġ
ѾȥԶȡˮ׼
˭֪֮ȴͷȵһ£ҰƬ
ȻԼǲˣͨʦǵݵɫȷ˵ľǰѺ
˵ûǺҲ˵ܰİɣ
ɵʱ֮ѾʼʩˣúǷǰûݺã
ȻЩ£ݺ󣿡
˵㿴ʦջ֣һۣ߰ɣȥݺȡˮ
ȻãȻءŶһߵľݺͷͿ֮ǰһƬɳĮĵطѾһƬ峺ĺȡҲ֪ʦֲֻװʧܵˣۿʱ̲סһ
ʦ֡ȻЩ𾪵ؿԼƭˣǲ𣿡
֮ɫϴľͰõ̫֮
Ȼ£ʣʦ֣㸽»
֮һ٣תͷ΢
Ȼɻ𣿡
谵ĺɫ֮鿴Ƭ̣Цһº͵صҲɡ
Ȼ˾ЩԾ»ǸһװƷôƺͦġ
£ڴʵʦ֣ҿ»𣿡
֮΢ؿƬ̣һͰˮվƳһۣõͦ
Ȼ
Ӧþǲе˼ˡ
Ҳ˵»ǸٻţԼֲãֻٻʦˣ
ʦֲʲôèè˵ٻٻģ
ʦֿûôġ
*
ˮԺ󣬴ɨͷˣȻ÷ɨĻɣʦȻû̫֮ɨӵ˼
ȻҲ̫֮ͺܱĶɨҲ̫˷ˣֻڿҿҵظʦһӸɨøɸɾһȾ
СʦֵҪظߣԴɨҲǸСĹˡ
Ȼоͦģ˷ԺԶʰӵûйˡ
ȫɨɾԺѾ׺
ĮҹҲȻͷ˷ɳ
ȻЩˣˮѶ˵ġ
֮ȥһˮϴһϴ
Ȼ㸩ϴϴֺʦֵݸһӲˮ顣
ȻԺȴӾȻûбˮʪ쿴ʦ֣ȴע⵽ʦԾ¹ڳ˳Ⱦӣƣʦ֣·ôûŪࣿ
֮Ҳ»մȾ
Ҳ˵ö˼
Ȼ۾ˣؿʦϳ˵ۡ
֮ȴƺ˼ȳȥԺҿ԰һ
Ȼһ;ܾˣʦ֣һкܶȹأôġ
ҲʦҲҪʱ˳Ⱦġ
֮Ҳûǿ󣬽ľˮ棬˿ͷķɳȻȻҹЩ䣬ȥЩ𡣡
ȻŶһæվʦ֣Ҳȥ
֮ȴһۣע⵽ȹϵĻҳЩֱӵص½ȹӻ˾С
ȻֻĿţʦ
֮šһųȥˣֻ֮ǰ½ſڡ
Ȼһſڵ½²ʦֵǡ޵ģ
*
нŵϰߣȻûѿԻʦֺͬסһһ
Ȼ̫˽ʦֵƢˣóľԱٽԼס
֪ʲôĻʦ۹Ҫ󶼼ߵıŤ
ȻӴҳһȹϣⴢĶ󲿷ֻʦ׼ģȹʱע⵽ͷȻкܶ鵤ˮС
סǲõĳԺȵˡ
Ȼͷҵ˼ͷޱʦϴ˯ţԽЩҲһװ˽µó
Ȼ֮ǰھĵҲװͷ㽫ĵױ̨Աߣ˳ôĶ򵥲һľݡ
Ҳ˱ͷҲѾɸɾˣϻлľݿܰ˼֣ûôưѿˡ
ʦһʱȻƵôÿ𣿡
֮˿ľݵĳ裬Ŀĵ϶£΢ȻȻõȻǺÿġ
Ȼһãڽ¡
֮漴ǽһ׵Ļѡ
ʦ׼ĴװĶ廨ţдʯţȻͳݸʦ֡
֮ӹɵؽȼˣҲ˼ȶȡ
Ȼ⾪̾ʦ֣ôģ
֮ȥµʱмô
Ȼž̲סʣʦ㵽ʲôģ
Ѿܾˡ
֮Ƭ̣²ġ
Ȼ
شҲ̫ٷˣɽ˶ϲȲΪΣʵϻǸиĿġ
ȻʦӦǲԸ˵Ҳü׷ˣҲһҪ֪ʦʲôĶʦ֣һǲıġ
*
˻Ժ󣬳Ȼ㿴ʦֻ˼ܿؽ˼׵Сʣݸ
Ȼ˿СʣŽСʷڻԱ£ʦ־ľʣһӡ
ѷȼʱٰϻһöӴȡĵյ
ڵĹֻ߱Ҳۡ
ʱȻ·ͷʲôתͷ֮ʦ֣𣿡
޵ĽҺֹܽһֻ
֮һۣ⣬ǲҽ
Ȼ죺Ϊʲô
֮һһΪӽ˻˹ƽɡ
ӳ΢ЦĴǣĪһëȻĸоЩƺҲܵǿѹУʲôûˣĮʱֻзɳ
Ȼ
ݻʦֺݣ涼¶˱ˡ
Щĳȣڴʣʦ֣ʲôʱأ
ͿԼĻҪʦľҪã
֮Ƭ̣ȴҹѾˣ㻹ȥ˯ɡ
Ȼʦ֣˵Ҳȥ𣿡
ô᣿֮΢΢ḧ˸ͷȻȻ׿ôڷܣᳬʦֵģҲļ𣿡
ʦֵɫºͶݵģ͸Щʴӵĳֿ
ʦ֣
ԭʦֶôߵ
ʦẬЦȻĪЩˣЩƵĽ̲ס˾䣺Ҳûļ
֮ȴЦЦЦĪһʱתͷ˻ѡ
һۣЩЦ⣬ǺСƵĵڿȥ˯ˣ
ȻšһҪʱȴȻһ£ʦֻ֣һŴ
ҡⴲҲܼªͨʦǰûִɣ
֮ɫ΢٣ǻ𣿡
Ȼˣʦ֣˯ӣ
֮šһҲ
ȻΪŮбŲһ˯ɽʿ඼ǲСģȶ˯һŴʲôģοǻǹϵ׽ʦá
ʦֶҲб˼
ԣʦô˵һΪŴ̫ª
뵽ʦ޵ĸԣȻҲǿֻǡ˯ˣ
֮ͷѵҹ䣬ԼǺñӡ
*
ȻҲˣ̺˵Ĵ㣬ϴûþ˯ˣ˯֮ǰʦڻѱߵıӰֱͦ㡣
һ˯ҹʱűˡ
ۣͽŵյ⿴ʦһľվ룬£ʦ֣ʲô
֮ѵЩΣݶ©ˡ
Ȼ
ͷͿˮ˸ݶк룬ʦֽľϾΪ˽ˮõġ
ǲֹһкü©꣬ݶǸɸӰѶѾʪˣ˵˯һû©ꡣ
ȻţĿȴȻͷľ϶˶١
Ҳԣߵݶ©꣬ʦֽߵݶˣͷϷݶǿľ°ȥġ
תͷʦ֣æƿӣЬߵԱߣʣʦ֣ûʪɣ
ʪġģ֮ЩЦصڵ»𣿡
ȻۣĶǸɵģŷģʦ֣ҪҲڴ˯ɣ
֮ɫһ٣Ŀƺ΢΢仯Ƭ̣ͳˡ
Ҳжʱ䣬ȴͣݶ©Ӷʪˣʦܾܲô©һɣ
Ȼɫòʦֵס䣬ĳȰʦ֣Ҳ̫ˣŴǲãҲɨɾ˵ģͽ˯һˡ
֮ɫ΢𣿡
Ȼߵߣͷ𣿡
֮峺ںڵĬƬ̣̾˿Ȱɿ
ȻЭ˼ˣɿ䣬Цʣʦ֣˯滹棿
̹֮ȻɫЩ΢档


 76 

Ȼ˴, ɽůıʦһλãתͷߴ
, ֮ɫŹֵؿһ, ȴվû
Ȼ裬ԴҪʦ˵, ˯Ĵ˵Ӧûͦѽܵ, ĵصš
Ͼۼĳ¶ŴжأҵȫɣɶҲŴĴˣɵ, һǲ׶ϵɼ
ʦ˯ľݺʹǺίˡ
˻, ʦֲ˴ˡ
Ȼ˿ƵæԼıҲ˸ֻεıӲ, ȫסʦ, Ҫ˶ܸǱӵĻ, ͵ÿ÷ǳˡ
ٻһȭľ, ٿĻ͵ü˯ˡ
Ȼͳ£ʦ, ˯Ҳ̫ʡ
ʱ, ֮ȴϵıӻҴҴǣɻ, Ҳġ
ȻĻʲôʶʵ»ůĹЧҲ𣿡
ԣ֮űһǵĶһ٣ͺôʡ
Ȼȴڻƹÿ֣̲סֱȴȵġ
Ȼʦ˵ĻǷ
תͷʦ֣ʦ֣»ôô࣬ôãôһûУҲû¼ġ
֮ƺüã
ȻšһܷʪܱůģΣͦʵõ𣿡
Ҳһ㲻ãֻʦãȴòˡ
ԣ֮һۣƺ˵ʲôס˵ӣĬ˻ƽ͵ظ͵ԼģȻûм¼
ԼģȻȻû뵽΢΢ˡ
֮ÿɷؿһۣ侲
Ȼʦһ赭дӣʱóĵԼ𾪺ûƵģıҲŬֻĿⷢʦ֣
Ůרע֮һ΢΢˰ɫشսҲʣж
ʦֺͳܲһ׸磬Ҳûʦ⻰֣£شһ䣺ʦǶһ޶
˵Ժͷʦֿˣ˵Ǹ˻ǲˣ׽ʲôôעŵʱһҪס۾ĸо
͸оЩֵֹġ
ҡ˵á𣿡ԥԥʡ
ܲƨĴ˰ɣʦֵ»ѵ϶һݶ
֮ôһͷԺôҡ
Ȼʦֲϲ𣿡
֮û̻ش˻ȥɺãûпƬ̣侲ŴԱߴûвϲ
Ȼ
Ǿϲˣ
ϲ˿䣬Ҳûʦֻô׺ߵĸ԰
*
Ϊ˯磬ڶȻҲˣʱͷԼѾʦǱߵλãŴռˣʦȴˡ
ʱÿʦֶһˮȥϴˮðż
Ȼ۾˴䵽ʦԱߣЩԥʣʦ֣˯ǲǲãûдŵɣ
֮ͿһۣڣĬƬ̲ŵûС
Ȼɫս̫ŵصȻûеĻʦΪʲôҪɣ
֮ƳһۣһЦҪǴŵң㻹һ˯
Ȼ
ҲԣʦֿģҪǽˣ˯
˯ӦҲȥɡ
ôһ룬ͷˡ
*
ϴ󣬳Ȼ㽫鵤˳ָʦֵģʦ˵Ȼ»֮Ҳ¶ģЩĽˡ
ϧҲʦܸ»
Թ鵤Ժ֮Ϲؾ޶׼֮ͽɱֻܶЩ¡
ȻһԾˣʦ֣ɱ޻ܻ۹£
֮ȻڷĴҪ׻Щ
۹¾ճɣȻЩԾԾˣʦ֣ǿɡ
֮ȴ𼱣Ȳһȥ
Ȼʦֲ㣬Ƭ̣ʦ˼ȥɭְɣǶд
ȻҲû飬УȥǶ
*
ȻʦһţֻʦֲͬһߣǲԶظ
ǣߣЩޱ㲻ҿˡ
⻰װƵĳɷ֣Ȼһ뵽ʦͷŵѹ˱ֱ˿ڡ
ʦǿ
Ҳʱ̫ˣӻĮɭֵ·ȻûʲôޣֱɭԺŸ֪ŨصЩһ𣬷ֲЩʲôޡ
Ȼ½ǰߡ
ֵôˣȴһֻҲûС
ؾͷ޼Ȼ˵ģûķ˻Ȼķһɡ
˵޶ǺʶģҲɽһǿΪģԺܿɭһֻرǿޣ޶Ϊ
⵹Ҳͬʦ֮ǰ˵ıɭд⻰ˡ
ţȻͣ˽Ųû취Ҫǿ޴Ļ˭Ӯ˭仹治һ
תͷȥ˿ʦ֣ȴһƮݵվһƬǰʲô忡
صʦ֣ڿʲô
֮һۣǲѰɲݣ
Ȼ߹ȥ¿˿ʦָݣѰɲݡ
أ˵ֲζĲݣʳ֮ҪκΣֲҲγݡ
ʦ֮ǰķһɲݡ
Ѱɲݻѵãǧһ֡
Щϲ漴ʦֺЦԣ
ȻͷڴʱͲ˶٣ʦ԰
ĥʱʦȴȻס֣ȿһ¾ͽָסˣ£ѾֽѰɲݸΡˣ
֮ɿ֣վֱ壬·ʲôҲû㵭ݡ
Ȼ˿Ѱɲݣվֿ˿ʦ֣ɵʣʦ֣ǲڿң
ȻȻô룿֮ƳĲݣº͵һЦڰţ㲻֪ϹŵϲʳõıѰɲݣ
⻰ȻӦ˹Ųݵֶ£ʦ֣
Ϲŵġʲô
û
֮ȴһԶ·ʲôڷٿת΢΢ЦЦȻȻһб߳סô
Ȼǣʦ֣ܻ޴
û˵꣬ʦ־ѾһԾͼϹ
Ȼ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ʦ֣Һ㣡
ˣҲûˣֻý½˳ӭս˳㽫ѰɲݷŽ˴ԴؿѾǰ
ȿֻɭɴܶ״Ժʶ¡
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ͷ򼸺ԱߵĴƽʿˮĬĬƳϻտϷʦ֡
Ա͸оԼԵúСֿ
ʦȴڿ֣
ɷ߿ˡ
ʦ֣㻹ûİ


 77 

ڼǰªɲľԺ, ŷֳʦֵжɾۡ
ǰߵɫǻɫģƬ͹С飬жٶȴ, ſھͳưϮ
ȻƤ, ûѾŵ߿ǹɼҪѬεȳζ
ס˺ܿ߿, ûϮ, ˿ŭĽ̶ܴҲ
ȻŬ˷Ŀ־У½˳, ƾṦϣһ˾ߵĸһ˵, û뵽ĸȻҲӲޱȡ
Ľ̹ȥʱĸȴǺ£Ҳƺһ̵Ƭ, Ȼתͷ, ޴ͷ, ǹɳζŨˡ
û³, ŭ֮ǰȥ˵ٶȻ, ȴܲסߵβͳ, һ߰βûʲôβ͡žһʱ, ȴ·ǧ֮ء
ûסΣһӾͱߵβ͸ȷ˳ȥ
صڵϣҲùˡ
ʦֵûֻſˣϷɣɵֹסƣֻصϡ
ȻѾۣȴּɵʦֵʵǰֻɭ˦β̶ͣĽβ;͸ɱƵģɨ֮˵ˣҲضϡ
ԣҪûʦֵĻβ˵ܽð
֮˿µľߣֿһۣɫȻģʣҪæ𣿡
Ӿͷ·ǾѹûƵġ
ȻҲûԥ͸ܾˣͦ˫ûԼƴһѡ
㲻ʦֵİҲԼ취Ӧȥ
ȻƬ̣Ѿ˶Ըߵİ취
߿޼᲻ݣҲߣǾ͸һһ㣬Ҳߵߴ֮
Ȼž߹۲Ƭ̣ŷ¡
߼̾ͺֱײӭſ˴ڣȻҲܵسֽϮȥƺҪʺƵģЩмͳ֮⣬βѾ˳ƽ
·Ѿ֮޷ѵˡ
һҧĲӡ
ʱһޱȵĳȴӹʺ֮ҧ֮ǰѾļ׵֮ϡ
߽סоǽۡһ̽ߴ֮
׵ѵࡣ
ȻҲ֪ʹ֮¾߶Ȼ˵ܳûڴ˾ߵߴԺҲûģʹɿʱ˳ߴλһ·ϣƤ룬߷˻˻ˡ
һͷ֮ϣͷҲֳԺ󣬾߻˼£Ͳˡ
ȻľȡѪֻЩҲܿ죬ɱʵ̫ս˵ܶˡ
ǡɻǰɫȹʱȾϵѪѪƵˣҲѪ
ʱ֮Ҳ˵ϣϾȾ˳¹ڳߵǰԱԵøǱˡ
ϵѪȴͷˣ
ô˵ģĪмֿɰ
֮һʣˣ
Ȼʦ֣Ѱǲǣ
ԣ֮ȴüͷ΢壬һصô룿
֪ѰɲݻʱëȻȻͷ߿ѣ㻹Ұ
֮ȴһۣƺصȻȻ˼Ծ㿴ѰɲݣҲ᲻Ҫ𣿡
ȻʶȻᡣ
Ѱɲǧɲݣܶ൤ҩһζҩĵģǰװ׷Ź̫ϧˡ
֮ͷԣҲڰ𣿡
ȻҭƬ̣ʦҲûң
֮ɫ΢΢ƺȻԣȻȻ𣿡
Ȼ
͡޷粵ӡ
֮ȴһߣֿЩ֮ɫº͵Ц£ȻµĶնɱԺĶʱֻøã𣿡
Ȼ¡
֮ӸϵѪᣬһ߻ڿߣǲǸоûôˣ
Ȼһ۵ϱնûǺܳ󣬵Ҳûоˣ£񡭡ǵġ
֮ЦˣӸѾɾͷԣʦֲڰѰģ
Ȼ
񡭡ͦеġ
ʱ֮˿ϵѪˣȻȥϴϴɡ
ȻȴվŲֱ׳صУˣʦҪҲſԡ
뻹Ǿʦ־Ϊ˰Ҳȷ׽Ū˼Ϊһ¡
ȹ϶ѪҲ֪ʦֲܱġ
֮Ƭ̣ȴЦˣͷȻȻںʦ𣿡
Ȼ
˭ˡ
֮ȴĶˣɡ
Ȼû뵽ʦֻ㱳£ʦ֣ȷ
·Ѫ
֮ȴ·֪ʲôתͷƳһۣЦЦģҵǲմѪġ
Ȼ
ϱԭ


 78 

Ϲؾײг, в޵ʳ⣬ؾͷ⼸ǧֻŻ߳ԱޣڳȻһŮؾͷ˵һζĴ͡
ʦڵĻ, ܱһȺȺʳ֮, ϾԴһֻޣһȺ޾ͺܴܿ򲻹ˡ
Ȼ, ʦ, Ҳ׳ְϮʱҲԼġ
ҲΪķݣȥ, ͻԴԴ⡣
Ȼ²ܺıйϵķϢ˵зͬѰ
뵽ɱЩ޻ܻ۹£ȻҲûᷳ, Щ¡
οںЩ޶սԺоԼֵ˲٣Ҳ˲Ӧеľ, ʦֻսսʽ, ܹʹĻ, ʵֻߡ
Ļ, ԭһ⵽Χ׷ض£Ҳڱú޻֮
*
, ؾҲȫȻֻΣյ, кܶѰɲһϡ滨ݣЩ漸ҵֵģϹؾȴΪӡϹʱڵԭò
Щ챦Ҳ档
Ȼ, ҲŰȥɭռһЩɲ֮Ķкܶ䱦ǿƷҩġ
ſЩɲݸʦֵģյЩһܸˣϴ׸һöҩЩɲݻȥ㻹顣
ʦֵ֪ĴԺȴƺȻʦ֮ͬ꣬Ҫҩĸ˵˵ϹϲЩɲݣ˽ϹԵϲá
ȻҲȷʦֻϲʲôҩģͬʦȥѡˣֻҪժԼеˡ
ͬʱռЩݵĹŷ׿Щʱʱð޲̸Ϲʱڵķ羰ľֻѰճ䶼Ϣסĵط˸оƽࡣ
ô죬еĴֲɼ羰ĸˡ
ֱʦؾķӡֿʼˣȷӡѷʱǾͿԳȥˣ׼
ؾͦȻģҲǸϲ̻οʦֿ϶취ء
Ϊʦ˵ӡѷʱ֣ܳԳȻ㲻ڴ̲ס̧ͷգ·ѷȻͳƵġ
*
ųȥ飬ԳȻ˯ҹʱͺȻˡ
˯һֱܺãҹǺٵġ
ʱʶ͸˿ҹգܿϡǣҹպƽûʲô쳣
ջĿ˯ʱע⵽ߵλþȻǿյġ
¡
ʦأ
ôһͲˣ
̧ͷ˿ҲûˣŶŵģ漴һ۾ע⵽½ֹſڡ
ԡʦȻǳȥˡ
ֻǣҹģʦһܳȥʲô
Ȼʲô£˴ţҪȥͷŵһ˲䣬Ͳͷ
ৡһ¾ͰγűߵĽõס˳һֻ޵˫צ
ȻֻѾãʦֲڵʱ֡
ֻ޵ԴȴǼģϻһǣڰ׽ӣԵײУ·ʱν븹С
Ҳûϳʲôޣһܳˡ
ȻЩսˣ֪ձ鲻ߣ⿿ȡͿԴܴ󲿷ˣ˵ڵĹٶȶ˺üΡ
ֻ޵ӴҲûӲӲƾӯƱܿĹרı֣޷ʤ͵Ϯŭҳʱ׼Ĳӣһ̹ȥһѪӿ
׿⣬ѪûϣֻǽȾ˼Ѫѡ
һлʦֽģֻҪù죬Ѫմ
жһѾص˻ĮϣһƬɳ
ڳȻ˽ϵѪ齣ʵʱȴȻϸ΢ĽŲ
תͷͿ˳ľİӰ
֮˵ϵԺô£ö˶˵վǶ·µȻȻʱ仹磬ٻȥ˯
ȻʦֲûҪʲô˼Щƣöʵģ赭дӣ̲ס˾䣺ʦ֣ȥĶˣ
ʱ֮Ѿߵǰеߡ
Ȼ
Ҳ̫ˡ
ҲûһҪʦʲôֻס׷ʵĳ嶯
֮һۣҲûƭֻûн˵ѣţҪ˵ʲô
ʱȴͻȻ¡¡˼ףŻƽҹպȻͷƱ
ûãȻһҹ磬һֱֱضķġ
仯̫죬Ҳֵ̫ͻȻˣȻûӦѾʦָ˹ȥײʦֵĻ
ʦֵżӲӶײˣתͷһ֮ʱ򣬾ͱĿɿڴˡ
һ׵羹Ȼ֮ǰվĵطһĴ
Ȼתͷʦ֣ʦֵɫҲЩӣ̲סʦ֣˵ѵ㣬Ϊʲôң
û˵꣬ͷһƺֻǿθˣѾƣˣǶΣգ¡¡ɽǱߴ
Ĺҹ㴩ţǷ·ܻһеļ¡
֮Ҳ쳣ɫ漴ͷŮɫЩ΢ȻȻȻⲻͨףҪˡ
ȻȻû뵽ܣˣ٣
ô
֪ôȻŴʱʦ˵Ļ˵˵ˣƶɣǲ˵ɵ·Ҳߵʮ˳
ԣҲûʱգ۵Ĺ±ѾﵽҪĳɱ׼
ѵΪ̹־ԵʣԶԼȽϿݺͳ磿
ɱЩ۵Ĺµȷǳˣ
ȻһʱЩңҲ룬㱻ʦѸٵһƽľڹǰŻ£ʦ־š
Ȼ˵ͷű㱻ˣʦֵİӰҲʧ
Ҳ֪ʦԴԭΪɶɽپһء
ɹȻ𻯳ɡ
ûǱҲ֮ô࣬ɵȴȿԭ
ڶɽٵʱǲŵģܻܿ߻ħ
ʦӦûľͷ½硣
ɽʱΨһΣҲؾЩˣǺܻܿڽҪͷʱ֡
ʦӦӦ˰ɣ
ܿû˼ЩˣΪһѾ׷͸ľݣľ嶼÷飬ϡ
Ȼϥڴϣ˫ֽӡĬķֵ׵Ĺ񣬽֮еΪá
ɵĹؼײԸı䷲˵Ϣ̺˳ɵ
ԣ׼ˣȴҲһֶ͡
ֻû⸣ˡ
׽ϵʱ򣬵ȷһЩʹУԳܵķΧ֮ڣֻǺͷһһأȻŽоЩˡ
֮ĹܵԽԽ࣬¶ԽԽ̣·Ҫÿһ缡Ƶġ
²׵Ĺ֮£ڵӡҲʼɶˣϢҲʼӿ翪
ĴʱʩڲϢȴѹò׵ԴԴӿڣҲȻ޷á
ˣһ˿ϢʼӳʱĻƬ̣漴뵽ͷֻʦְ֣
Ҫһ˷ܣԸǸʦ֡
һֱʦ֪ܣҲǲẦġ
һ׵Ľ£ҲûȥЩˣȫעصֵ׵ĹŬＸҪЩǿֻңԿƣ΢΢һ˿⡣
*
ľͷ֮Ѿ˼ֻҪ֮ΣޣҲ֮ǰֻǲԶػš
Ǽ˷ϢӶʱǾֿʼˡ
ɽˮ¡ԶĻĮĸ޶Ȼ궯׷׿˻Į֮ľݵķ˼ַ̰֮ɫ
֮ҲڴϢζݣƺҲƺ㣬˳Էħ
֮Ƭ̣Żָ򶨵ɫЩѸ͵Ϯޣ»һһ㽫˶һֻ׻նˣ׻ڿʧֻ¼ѪڻĮϡ
漴ⲻ䲻ؿޣЩޱɵƵĬĬջצӣһֻסѹҪתˡ
ʱһҵ£ָƽӦñһˣ׽µʱǴʲôأһŨ˳ʧصϢƮɢ
֮ľݵţЩ


 79 

ٽԺ, Ϣͷų
Щ޵ԱϢʧˣʮֻ޼һľӿȥ
ֻǻûǰ㶼˽֮⣬ֽ֮ľ֮ǰ, Ľ, ޱҷ, ֻ̫, ·ôɱҲɱƵġ
Ϣ紵øԶԴԴϵޱӿ
ЩȻ֮Ķֻ֣һҲֻֻ֣Ըǰͷʱ, ȴһȺ˹ܿһӹȥ, Ǽֻޱ㱻һˡ
ȴȻһֻ©֮һԾҧסĸ첲һֻСɵȮһҧȥҧʱ, ۾¡
㱻֮ɢǿѹûҷˡ
֮۱ҧĸ첲, üͷ, ʱЩ޻·ûƵĵس
üͷ΢, ȴվŲˣü΢, Ӱͦı, мɱĸо
ĽȴһѩɫĹâЩǰʱһ½, ѩƵըˣЩһըĽﱻȫˡ
ȹâɢȥһֻ޶ʣˡ
һҲ׽ԶЩ޸סˣ̧ȥʱЩޡ໡һɤӽԶɽ
֮Զɽ֣ջĿ⣬ľݵʱָ̧ľݵȴȻǰķˡ
ѵʱһӰǰ漴һƱһƾȻǴģü㿪ʱؾķӡܵĲʧЧˡ
ȻȻ
Ůȴƺ۾ﵹӳӰӣȴûа·𲢲ʶƵģ΢΢ЩɫȻһʱƲ޴ȵҪй־̫ˡ
ܿһʱѾγ½ֳֳڣ顣
֮Ҳ򣬲ܿ˳סֽ֣½ʱȦڻ
ָ⻯˵΢ü䣬㽥Щ
һĸоӿȻоƺЩգգ۾ʦֵʦ֣
ȻȻڸо֮ͷʡ
ȻоãѿԼٴʧء
ʱЩڰȴ־Ȼڧʱ֣ջ˵Կܵġ
޵˻ʱȻĵױһɷ֮УﰲƬ̵Ҳ¿ʼЩĿ̰ײеޣ̲סȥ
ȴ˱ס޷жѿһצӻ֮ĲָЩ⣬һѪɫץۡ
֮΢΢ͷѾĻֱֱسȺ޹ȥˡ
²ӼѪıӰһ
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Ѿ֮ʱؾķӡҲܵЩʧЧؾҲʹһˣԸЩȻǴ´ġ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ڳѾȫͽֽˣصʬ壬ѪζŨ
֮վľǰš
ŮȻѾɱۣȻںɱʱѾйһЩȴȻڵȶ
Ҫɽȥʱ֮һ˲Ѿǰ
ֵʱһ𣬴𽥱󣬽ȫҲסֽţˡ

߽֮һͷûˣȴ˹һҧסļüͷûһ£ֻ˳ͷƳһۣҧˣ
һҲ֪ûƺǷҧ̧ͷݺݵض
ĪЩЦֿɰ
֮΢΢̾˿һָסĶͷָⷢӨ׵Ĺâעһ»֮ڡ
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ľݡ
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ʱ֮ƺˣҲתͷ漴΢ЦȻȻˣ
ȻûʲôºЦݣȴ顣
ٹȥԺҲͷˣƲǿʧȥ־ʦ֡
뵽ĿʦֵĲӼ䣬ȴʲô˺ҲûУʦֵľֹ̬Ҳ·ʲôҲûƵġ
ʦûܣ
ɲܣʦô϶͸Ϣ³ı顣
ȻţȴȻϢѾˣҲһ˿һûУЩϢʧˣǱʩˡ
ֻʦˣôʩ˭Ϳ֪ˡ
ʦ̫ƽ̬²͸뷨һ֪ĻҲһ£ߺһô¡
ʦⷴӦ㷵ġ
Ȼ˴ߵǰɫɵصʦ֡㶼֪˰ɣ
֮飬תͷһۣº͵ģָ£֪ˡ
ȻôҲû뵽õĴ𰸣ȻؿΪʦҪôװɵҪôɴϵġ
ʦ־Ȼ֪ˣ
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ʦ֡ô֪ģ
ȻţסʣʦǴڤʱ֪𣿡
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ȻЩɻؿ
ʱֻЩɶѡֱ֮ӵʱҴʦǶ֪ġ
ͱʦֿܾ㹻ˣû뵽ʦҲǣˡ
Ѿ𾪵ľˣԣʦҲ֪
֪࣬ȥȥʦá֮˼ؿ漴ȻȻƺҲ֪£
ʦֵĸоҲ̫ˣĿ·ܿһƵġ
ȻһҲ㲻ʦֵĶˣСĵĻ˵ܶñ׳
ʱȴȻκˮ׵ʱɻͷܣô˵ǴǶ֪Ҳ˵ùȥˡ
Ȼ㽫κˮ׵ʦ֡
֮ˣûС
׷Щʵ岻󣬳ȻȽϹĵһ¡
ʦ᲻ԸΪأ
ܲµó㲻ˣҲضǧ˿ƵĹ
ʥӵؼǿ
ʦֿҲûҪ˺˼֪Ҳûй¶ȥӦûܵġ
ûҪȽϺá
ûڣ֮ͷ·𿴴ĵģȿڵӦûи߹㣬һһ֡
Ȼסʦǳˣ
²⣬ɫྪȣ˿ʦƽɫʣʲô
֮ࡣ
ΪŮúܲҵԵʣȻûøУҲעЩˡ
ֵʱͳ£֡Щ졣
һʱ벻Ķ
ЩãȻӣ֮ЩЦ⣬ҲӦϼ
һᣬȻඥϵȷмع֣Ϊ㿼˵ģֻ֮ǰһʱû
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ţȻıͽסˣʦ㡭֮ӣ
Ӧô֮ƺЩ⣬վ߽
Ȼȴʶһ
ʦ۵Ķӣ·ĿǲҲΪ飿
д۶ǳأڵ֪ʶԺ뷨ǼҪָԭҲĨɱʶ
ôʦĻվ
Ǿú£ڵҪʦִĻǸӦҲ
ֻǡʦֻվڶλá
֮Ųס·֪ʲôѰ顣
Ѿµˣ׶ʦô˵ʱĻ̲ס£Ŭ̽ʣʦֻȥ𣿡
Ҫץ㣬ֺαصȵڡڵƺЩ
ʦô˵Ȼ˿ٲúʦֱˣʦֵ˼ǻ
ǰǱʦ֮ӵŵˣϸ룬ʦԼôãڶ̹ҲΪİɡ
պ֪ݣضͼıġ
ʱʦѾߵǰ̧ͷ˵ʲôʱʦȴȻս
ʶˣʦȴְסӣмºǿƵζ˻
飬ҸʲôȻȻ֪𣿡Ỻ
ĽЩʴӣʦȻƬ̣ʲôȴһֲŵĸо
򴽣ɫɵʣʦ֣㡭Ӧòϲҵİɣ
֮˵أ
ȻɫһɫûаֿЦӣЩ˼ҲЩˣ̲סɻΪʲôʦֲһֱҿ𣿡
ʦֳ߹ºͣòܳڣ۹ҲޣҪôѡκˣҪôһѡһڸ涼ͬһɫ˲Ŷԡ
ԷƱҲ֪Ӧòʦֵı׼Ŷԡ
֮ȴûֱӻشĻǸһ裬£ԼҲԱߵλˣһʼȷġ
⻰ȻĪ˿Ȼĸоûʦǰǽõģɿ֮أ
֮һڲ裬̧֮Ҳͷʦ𣿡
ȻЩΣ̲סͲ˰ɡ
֮ȴһҪ
ĶҪˣ
Ȼؿ
֮Ƴһۣʱֻʦ߲ŻԱȥʶеӣ;֪
ôһ˵ȻҲˣʮʱȷжʱʦȥɽʦǣΪǹϵöѡ
ȻΪĹϵ
ȻЩŵصʦ֣ȥͶʦǽѣҲΪң
֮ÿɷؿһۣ漴ֵұѡһɿˣ˼ȥǶ䲻㡣
ȻЩˣǺߣΣʦһۣʦ֣⻰𣿡
λʦֶǿɣ֮ˣʦȴûһġ
⻰ں˾̫ˡ
ʦȴһһǸ˵ȱ㣬θ̫׳ĺģ鵹ǳȣȴ̫ܵܣ᲻Ϲԡ͢˵ȱҲ˵˺ü
ǶãʦĵȻĿˡ
Ȼ˵Ժ󣬶ʱ֪˵ʲôˣʦ޷ɽ綼ҳһϲˡ
֮˶һԺȴֻһתİؿԣκһҶòУԼչʡ
Ȼסˣ˼ĻóۣϣԼ˵ľʵԣʦʵϲңֻ̫Ҷ𣿡
׽˱ʦˣΪʧȥֻһĻ㻹ʦ֣ҲͲؿˡ
֮ȴƺ뷨ʣܻܵĵҪһ𣿡
ȻӦòģ
һᣬڶ뷨Ժұ޷㵱ÿ֮ȻЦˣսʣԣȻȻԸʦչ𣿡
սʱȻ΢΢ϢЩŵĸоһʱ˵
ܸоһ⡣
Ӧϲʦ֣˵ΪԹż
ӦʦֱܾԺǲǾ͡Ҳˣ
Ͼϲ˾ܾԺҲµغ˼׽Ĺϵ
һʱ顣
֮ƺĲڣ˿ЩǰĲ豭ݸɫݣȻȻʦ𣿡
Ȼ̬Ҳ˲١
Ȼ豭һڣ⣬Ǻסʶ͵ȻûС
ϲʦ֣ʡ
ȻҲʵҡͷͷŲ豭Ÿòþָܾôܾʦֵ⡣
ʱʦȴȻһȻȻ̧ͷͿʦ΢΢Ƕȿȥݾʳڣ˫ºעÿҲƲۡ
£оտصëҪˡ
ȻûϲˣΪʲôϲʦ֣Ỻûаѹ
ȻһʱҲֱӾֻܾǾɡҲϲʦְ
ʲôϵ֮Ȼ
Ȼס
Ժ˭Ҳ˵׼֮ºͣȻȻһԺֻҵʦ֣һֻ֣ʦ֡
̬ȼãº˿ȵζҲûУҲ̲ס˼ĻĪþȻǸ⡣
ҡʱʦͷºصȻȻʦһչĻᣬòã
ȻȻ벻ܾɡ
ϲʦһѾʦֵȥˡ
ʲô
˰죬𾪵ط֣ʦȻŵ㣬ȱ㶼ܾɡ
ԽʦֵǸĺܲ
ǲϲʦ֣ʦҲΪԹˣǸԶŵˣ˵˻ʦҲʳԡ
ҪǡҲҪԼ᲻ϲʦ֡
ϲʦֵĻôͳ׸ıˣҲܺʦϹϵ˰ɣҲΪʦԸԻʶ
ʦ˵鶼ûʲô
Ȼţ㻺˵ͷ
֮ɫ˼֣ס֡
Ȼû̸֮ǰʦദڵģ㲻ϲʦ֣ڱעţֵʱЩˣ΢̣ɫҲЩ


 80 

ȻȹҪһ, ʦȳȥˣȹϵѪͿԿɱʱжʧء
Щ޸ҪƵķӵ, Щ鸴ӡ
ջǻΪ֮, ðΣգЩҲϧ
, ӦҲ˶١
ؾĻ, Ĳұ֤ٵʱ򲻻ᱻ˲ϢʱҲĴΣյʱ򣬱ҪֵĻҲס
ҲΪʱʦֶڱûбֳֶĶġ
, ֮ӵûжǣʦ˵ҪĻ, Ϳˡ
ȻദѾˣΪʱѾǷ֮ˣѾת̬ˡ
ڵҲѾƽ
Ӧʦָע»á
Ѿ, Ǳ㲻عڵй¶Σ, Ҳһ׮Ѿõ, ΪʡҪ鷳, Ǵܡ
򣬹ӦЩ, ᲻ʤ䷳, ôܹƽӣ
ںʦֳΪ˵鲢ûʲôϲʦ֣ദͲһΪѵ, ˺ʦõദģʽӦҲ˶ٵġ
ԣԺ󣬾;ʦʱӦÿһ̹Ȼˡ
ΪˣʦҲʦ֣ǰһദͿ˰ɣ
*
ʦ񡭡ôġ
ųȥʱ㿴˵ſڵʦ֣ƺͬͺһοƵģĿºͶֱӣûаΣϸϸؿ
΢һʦϲʵУֽŶЩӲˣõһӾˡ
Щסʦרעؿ·۾ֻʣƵġ
Ų£ĥĥ߹ȥ򶨵ؿȥʦ֣һֱʲô
֮Цˣ޳ָķЦ⣬ȻΪÿ
ȻЦʧˣæֵͷڿԼŵĶԽȹʱ򣬾;Щԣ̧ͷʦ֣ңȹҲǴܶ𣿡
ǰôÿ
֮һʧЦҲЩЦ⣬ǰҲÿܿ㡣
Ȼʶǰһֻʦ֣˵̲סȥΪʦһ὾𣿡
ԺʦȴȻͷսҪĴƵģһһؿסˡ
ƺǲĽţЦЦ
ЦĪͷЩĸоʱȴֻǽ뻳û˼
˿ʶʦֱʱֽס塣
ʦֵĻůǱɹ˵Ƶ͸ů⣬żָɾµϢ
𣬵͵͵Ц⣬оЩΪҪ㣬𣿡
Ȼˣ˵
ʦҲ̫˰ɣ
֮һŵͷʵȻȻ飬ʲô㣿
ʦرţĿգȻ޷˼ˡ
֮ǰʦ޵ӻע֪ʦĴ㹥һ˵ʱ򣬴û˿ֹˮ
ֻƾòҲ˲øˡ
ûܰѽɸݣڱܵرʱһݵıŤУͷ·ڵٶΪʲôɾ飬һЩ߰Ĵ̼뷨Ҳ˳
ҡҡͷ˶񣬴˳ʱŬƽȻɫʦ֣ǻǱ߱˵ɣ
֮ڵƬ̣Ц£С
*
Ȼһһ߽Լ뷨ʦ֣ݵģֻҪڸסϢô˾Ͳ֪ܡ
֮Ժ󣬳ĬƬ̣ȴȻʣûб뷨
ȻŲ£ʦ֣ɫ죺ʲô뷨
֮ȴܶ𣬳Ƭ̣ȳȥԺʦɡ
ȻʦûھӦǲ֪ŶԣѵָԺͽ˵Եʣ
벻ͨʦ𵽵ô֪ģʦദʱҲǺܶࡣ
ѹͲעԳԵıȶĶˡ
Ȼݣܷ·ʲôҲ֪Ƶġ
ɸеأʦ⻰⻰ƺЩ⣬ȴûԼҲȼʦͶˡ
Ȼţʣʦ֣ʲôʱܳȥ
֮ȴĻھͿԡ
ʦô˵ʱ򣬳Ȼʶ̧ͷգȴַӡûб򿪣ʦô˵Ϊʲô
뵽һԣ΢΢ɴ۾ʦ֣Դؾ𣿡
֮ÿɷؿһۡ
ȻƬ̣Ͷʦֲ˵ˡ
ʦܴؾĻΪʲôȥ
ƫƫɹԺ˵ȥĻǲǾζž֪ͬһҲ֪ʲôʱ
ԣؾΪ˳ȹ٣Ϣ赲Ϲؾ֮ڣҲᱻ
ؾЩҲΪӡڴ˲й¶ܸˡ
Ȼţ̲סԼĲ²˵˳
ԼѾ˳֮Щ͵Ц⣬漴ȴֵֻһԭѡ
Ҳ˵ʦֵȷؾɹٵ˼ˡ
Ļ̲ס׷ʣһԭأ
̧֮˿ԶƬ̣ջĿ⣬ұؾӡɶʱ˵ġ
ԣȻʦְҹŵ飬ʵҵ𣿡
֮ȴûشĻȴһŷ˵ľƣ֣Ʒֻҵ
Ȼͷ˿ƣȻˣķͼҲϼġ
ⲻǿԺһġ
֮Ҳкܶǿ࣬һΪǿ࣬ڸҵıһɡ
ûǵ֧֣۵λҲôȵ
ˣΪ˽Ĺϵһȡķʽ
ȢǷĹ峤ȢҲ۵塣
֮Ĺϵˡ
ÿһη峤УȨһ۵λߵ˶ֻڷ
һεķ峤ĵۺֻǵۺǳսˣҲɴʧһֱûȢ̺󣬴Եۺ顣
ڣʦȴؾҵ˷˵˵ġ
ôҪҵ˭ҲͿ֪ˡ
ۺ˵ûʦڵɫôƽ
漰ĻȻ˿ʦֵɫûпѯʡ
ݻʦ֣ʦȴӣ赭дصžС
Ȼ𾪿Լˣţ
ǿԺķֲʲôѰʦ־Ȼظˣ
ʦֵЩ΢ʦܼҵĳ̶Ȳһġ
֪²ǵñ׶Ӹ
ھ۱ͼɵҪԭ֧۵ķһɵķ۾ԻΪҰĲҪλġ
Ȼʦǲ̽ˣϾʦֿһ۵ļ̳ߣôţķ̫ˣʦ֣ҴĴģһô죿Լ
⻰ƺƵģ֮һۣ漴֣ƿ¶󣬲֪ʲôȻ䡣
ֻʣǳǳһĨķӡǣڰϿźƯ͸Ƶģָ߹
Ͳᶪˡ֮º͵һЦͷԲԣ
ȻɫƣҲûð
֮ؿһۣȴ⵹ᡣ
ȻӦƬ̣׹˼ɿ
ʲô
ûã
ʦָòỹ÷ͳܷɣ
ҪôȨʲô
췴
ʦ뷨ЩΣհ


 81 

Ϊ˷ֹ, ʦ־Ȼôȡķû
Ȼ˿Ưķ磬ڲ࣬ڵ, ױ˷֡
, ֻЭʦ, Ȱ㱣, Ҫõʱǵûȥ
֮û⻰ȴ̧ͷ˿Զգ͵Ĭˡ
ջĿʱ㿴, 档
ԣȻʶʣΪӡɶ𣿡
ϹؾķӡַӡģûɱЩ˵޶ֻǽǷӡΪΪӮʵ֮
, ҪӡĿɲһޡ
֮šһֵٵĶ̫ˣǶȻɹһ㲻
Ȼ˵ͷ, Ϳʦֻһ, 㷢Լϱصĵֻ, ֻϢȴǱѹƵ, Լ֪Ϣ
ĿǰǽϢʦȴƺԽϢշ硣
ɲؿ, ô֪ġ
»֮ѹϢġ֮˵, ֶȳȥԺǵòܽ»ժ¡
ȻӦ, ĵЩ棬»Ϣ
Ȼܳ飬ȴҲ㹻Īˡ
̲ס֮ʣʦ֣ҵ»ʲôģ
֮ɫ΢٣˿Ƭ̺󣬲ŵ֮
Ȼ£¹𣿡
ࡣ֮ƺûж͵˼Թ⣬ֵȥԺҪҡ
ȻšһȻʦǽ»ģôӦþԼܹ
ʵΪѰҵۺҲȷ֪
£ֵؾû˻ỳΪλ˵ġ
֮Ȼ뵽һ㣬ԣֻҪ˵һֱסľݣûκޱɡ
ȻЩ죺ǻ𣿡
֮赭дȻԼҽ͵ġ
Ȼ˿ʦ΢΢һɫ˵ͷǺðɡ
㿴ʦֺ׵ؾʩ˷ӡĶбƾճһѷ죬է𣬾˷ɳ죬ʦֵȴ˳Ⱦ䷭ɡ
ſţͺȻһʣʦ֣ܴ򿪷ӡΪʲôҪȷӡɶŽ
ʱӡѾˣ˷ӡĳڴƽڷӡʱᱻ˲
Ȼ룬ʦֵ˼ǡӡõʱ򱻴򿪻ᱻ˲ӡµģôȻǲ֪ؾ
ڷӡɶʱ򣬷ӡѷ᲻ʱس֣۾ӡˣҲΪΪӡɶԵʰɣ
ȻɿһʦеĲ۵Ĺϵƺõӡ
ʱ֮˷ӡĳڴĿ⣬Ц£ͷȻȻ᲻ʦ֣
ȻҭƬ̣û
û˵꣬ʦȴȻһü䡣
ס
ͷЦһᾡġ
ȻûӦѾ˳ȥʦֵӰҲǰɢˣƬ̺һ绨»ľ䡣
Ȼͷһ۾ŵ»Ȼ֪ʦѾˣ뵽ŵһǣЩʧ⣬»¶Ҳ·Щ
ʱѾϹؾ˶סΣ֮ǰţ򶷵Ƭ
*
Ȼһ֣ѺϹԡ͢˱㿴
Сʦã͢ǰĿЩǵؿ·Ƶģʵ㡭û°ɣ
ȻʱҲЩˣֻǻûüش𣬾ͼһԵʦֶֿЩصСʦãˣ
ԣ΢Ȼע⵽һ㣬ЦҾ˵СʦһûˣǷҪȥʦ
Ȼһ㶣ʶ˿ǵûʦ˿žͷֶθʦֲ֪Ķȥˡ
ע⵽Ŀ⣬ÿˣʦû£ֵؾԺӡ̫ǿҲ򲻿ʦܱؿɣȥʦˡ
Ļ͢Сʦûʧ䣬ֲʦţ˵ʦû£šûġ
͢ǵ⣬ȻЦ£Ȼûʲô£ʦֲصĵġ
͢ҲЦ£üĿģʮֹ
뵽ʦ˵˵ĻȻ¿˿һȴʦֺȻսĿⶨضֿоʲôϡ֮Ƶġ
Ȼôˣ
ȥˣСʦøճȻؿջЪЪɡ
ϹĿĿȴСʦãؾʲô
Ȼ⻰΢΢һΪʲôˣ־֪飬˶񣬵ûʲôʦ֣Ϊʲôʣ
ԣϹԿ˼ֳ˼ʲôҲѸٵطˣ
Ȼǰɡ
ϹԵ˵ۻǾ棬Ƭ̣ʣСʦãҲ𣿡
Ȼ΢飬Ҳ֪ʦǾ̫öЦѣĳֽǶ˵̹Żйϵġ
Ϊ˱ʦּ׷ȥ㽫֮ǰʦϹԲժɲ֮ó
ȻϹһЩɲݱ㱻תעĹעҲûˣȻһʳܶ
˿ʱǰȴȻһŲ
̧ͷһ¡
ˡ


 82 

߹һ, Ϊ׵ĴɻϵõˣϴĽһ֮ûټ½ˡ
û뵽, ھȻڷ俴
Ȼע⵽źʶѾ˺ܴı仯, Ż緢ӣ޷ʱǸ庮ӵĮϵһˡ
Ŀ׽ʿ, һ
ǹʱ, վԵĳ͵ˣڼǰˣΪϹؾӡѷ֮¶ġ
۽ӹ̷ӡ齻½졣
ֻ֮ǰؾмλʦǰ, ½ͷ˼ա
˫Ҳûͻ½ƺǸὲˡ
ڳͬ͵ʱ½һѾߡ
ӹ, ƽĿż̽
Ȼ̬ȻЦźкȴ˼ǡ
ɵ˳ٹλģһ岢ӡ
ҲвԸȥְɢɣɺ嶼ȥġ
½ɵһȴӭӵ, Ҳʾݲͨ, ڵƺҲ, һСɿô쵽λô
к̨, Ӧþͬķĸλˡ
Ȼɵյһϸڣ΢, õʦֵһѪ֮ӭ, ķû׽ٵ˵̥
˭ҲͲˡ
Ȼ˿½ûʦĶ, ʦֵòܾ¾ȴֲʧ߹ţҲĸס
òʺã½Ҳֻ΢΢ͷûаҪɵ˼
ȻҲûʲôɿġ
Ƭֱ̣˵ؿ˿ڣ̹νؾģ
Ȼһ۳ʦֻ֣Ƕ΢ЦȻѾ½˵ؾ飬½貢š
Ȼƺ£Žյؾʱ˵һ飬ʱҲȷΪֻѣ˵ûа飬̬ҲԵøϡ
½ƺˣϵ´һʵǳ̹ȫ˵ģؾﲻܶ¹ճȺҲӦԸİɣ
ıʣüҪ˵ʲôСʦƺӦԣסˡ
Ȼ½裬̬ʮֺõ⣬ڻرĻش𣬷ɣ󷽷شġ
ɵʦȥ
ԣֻǾȵؿ˵ޣһֻûҲʱˣЩ޶Ҳһ
Ļ˵½ˣλʦҲȻǶش⣬ȴֲ֪ò
ԣ½趢ڱǲѡ
ʱ½ߵһӾǰǰջ޳ңûޣ¿ɱˡ
⻰ͬ½˵ģȻҲ
Ȼû˵꣬һЦ½裬Ȼǲţֺα׷ʡ
½迴һۣӱ˻ȥ
ûвŵ˼ֻЩȶѡ½迴˳Ȼ֪̹ؾʲô쳣
Ȼ˻һֱһľݣûôȥ
ԣϹĿĵؿһۣûȥɲôģ
½ȴ⻰ɫ΢ľݣ
ȻƺЩ½ѣ֪ľ˭ס𣿡
֪½迴һۣȴȻֵ̹ˣ
Ȼǡ
裬Ӧ׷ô֮⡣
˭֪½ȴ䲻˾䣺̹Ҫȥ壬ǿͬС
Ȼ΢΢Ȼ½ʦֵĹϵȻãһȥ壬ʦֵĶ飿
Ͳˡ΢ЦСʦûûؿɣɼʦģ£Ǳȸˡ
½迴һ۳Ȼû˵ʲô΢΢˵ͷҲ׷ʲô
ȻҲû˵ʲôڳˣֻǾھ½ߵʱȴȻоƺ£Ų΢١
½ȴȻһۣڵ䰵
¾һƺЩ֣Ƭ̲żǰߡ
ô£
Щ벻ֻͨա
*
ϹؾЩ죬سǵİѾָջҲѾţȻҲЩ˵ˡ
ڿջ˼䷿ԣθؾĵͻؿɣˣ֮ƺʲô°סˣһֱûٻ
ֻŸǣؾﲻΣա
ȻԺȻ֪Լû£θȻǴʦǶ˵ģʦȴô֪ؾأ
Ȼһ룬ʦּȻ٣ûʦ㲻ʦǲʦҲؾҲأ
һƵģʲô
ʦô˵ҲϹŵޣĲҲΪǿĻҲǲܡ
ȻԼǲҲˡ
ҲҪȼʦ֪ˡ
Ѿָ֮ôҲ䵽ԭǻҷĲҾˣʦѾ֪ˣҲǷǳġ
ֻǣ뵽ƽ￴ʳ̻𼫶ȷϵʦȻصôЩ鸴ӡ
˿ջԺ󣬼λʦҲֻúϢû½׷ʸͣ
ܿóҲǰٷְ½͵Ƿ˵ǣûڣҲû׷ʡ
Ӧþͬʦֺ˵ˣǲ˵飬ֻûˡ
Ȼﲻ𼸷ů⣬ΪһŵĿɣͽҪϸԵйأɣɵʦʦƷʶã˴֮ҲûʲôĶǵ飬żЩҲܿͻᱻ
ôãҲЩɣˡ
ȥסһʱҲã˳ҲŪʦ뷨
ȻѾ֪ݣôģ
ԭһȥ
ھѾ仯̫ˣȻȷʦ𻹻᲻ԭһľ
һֱʦӦûн۵Ĵ㣬Ͳˣֱȡͺˡ
ҪŪ׻ʲôܡ


 83 

ȻԼؿɣһ˵˼λʦ, 䱾ҲûʲôҪȻҲҪͬһȥġ
𣬳Ȼֽ׽鴫Ÿ
üڷ۹, ӦûҪһʱܻȥˡ
ȵҹʱ, ȻЩ˯š
ָ֮ԺĸйԸΪˡ
ʶԲ̽ķΧҲس, ˵, ֻҪ֪سǾͲ̽ĵط
ֻʶ̽ķΧжѣû뵽ȴһĨϢǱ˱سǣû, һĨסҿջ
Ȼ۾ɾջס޵֮˾ֻǼ, ͨˣôֻʮа˾ǳġ
ʶȥȴȻؿֻѾΪΣӴ˳ʦֵķ, ӦǸŮӡ
һɴȹ, , ºɫɴʱ, Ȼͳһ
Ȼǽõɪϡ
ڱǴαʦɽԺ󣬳ȻûϢ, ھȻڳˡ
ɪ, Ҳ֪ɽǿΪ𣬶ڴ岢ûƫ
ɪȻͨ, 뵽ԵݣͻȻˣɪȻҲǸԵ׵ġ
ЩʦİķУȻЩò׼ϲʦ˼ƴ̽Ϣˡ
ʦǸβģû򶯣ЩʳҲĶӡ
Ҳ֪ü̽ȥ뵽Ե׵ĿΪ˲䣬ûסȥ
ǰֺɪڵǹǫģųʩһ񣬵۾̻ȥ
ǰƳһۣһҪ죬һʱԻȥ
ԣɪ̧ͷ֪뵽ʲôвʵʣʲô£
Ƭ̣ЦˣҪ㽻𣿡
ӺЦɪɫһ׵µ˼ԸΪǡ
Ѿûģأȥ
ɪ˵΢˼£㿴֮ڽѰ𣿡
ԣȻƬ̣ȻΪ飬ֻǲ֪ʦûлɵϡ
ʦʦֵǰ֮Ժ޷ȫųûˡ
ﾲĬƬ̣΢Цвң
²ҡɪЦȴǱƵȻͷɵֻǡ۾߶һŮˡ
ʲôЦƵģϡô
ȻųʦϰΪ΢΢Ĭʦֵĸƺͦġ
һĵ۾
˭֪ɪһ仰ȴЦסˣǸŮĵ˵Ѱ飬۾ԴˡŲɡ
ʣ˭
ɪûֻ˻
㲻˵ˣ΢ƺڿʲô
Ȼûм̽ˣΪûóɪһ뿪ˡ
ͬһذױɽˡ
лҪ˵ЩģҪҵ߾ˣӦûڴʱȷĿǰcpбȽǿʦֺʦ֡ʦչûcpиǿģѡˡ

 84 

ڶһ, ڴ׼̻ؿɣɵʱ򣬳Ȼ͢Ƕ˵ʦм뿪ˡ
ȻȥĶˣҲûа־ȡ
ʦֻֻ͢ǱҲ, ͢Ƣܺ, ܰʲô, ȥʲô
ҪǻϹԵĻ, ιһʵ׵ġ
ǻȥģڵ˲Ϣ֮͵ɣɵģֻǲ˻, Ҳֻǰճɺٶ
ǵɣʱѾҪˡ
˿ɣԺ󣬳ȻϵȻ·ʦʦǵע⣬¿ɣҲвϹɶ, Ȼ»˲СĹע
Ͼɵٶʵ̫ˣĪۣɣɻûܱȵٶȡ
кܶҪ, ·ΪʲôľƵġ
ΧԽԽʱ, ͢ϹԾѾ, һǲϲΧ۵ġ
ȻҲȷĥһЩķ, Ҳû˽ڻҪȥʦ, ֻ˵տһд衣
ǱҲΧ, нŵĵʦҲڣҪȥʦ𣬱ɾڼԨؾչ, ӦǿģʦǰЩȥһˡ
չأ
ȻЩ⣬лԺ󣬱뿪˴ɽԨؾȥˡ
*
Ҳǵʦ˼Ԩؾżؾ񵽵ֻɫС꣬һҪȥڲؾ
ؾһ䶼ʦʩûģֻҪСؾûбɱôӦǻڵġ
ţ̤˼ԨؾԺ󣬳Ȼܡ
ҲʦؾԵʣɭҲϵǴ·Ҳûй˼ֻؿб۾һۡ
֦Ҷ΢縡мֹƽˡ
Ҳ֪ʦ˶ãȻͽؾӰˡ
ûǣԼ֮ǰסʱЩҹ͵Ϯġ
ЩʧǣûֻɰСꡣ
ȥʦʱȴȻھľݲԶɭ￴һĨɫβ͡
ɾϲعȥû߽ͷˣǲǰɫĺ꣬һֻȮ
Сһǰɫģȴܴ󣬱͢ĺԭͻҪߴƺڴë޵ģȴҲûʲôԣֻۿ
۾ʱĺ΢΢һϣ̫Ưˣ͸ż䵭Į̫ߴûվţҲǸ߸ϸġ
ûмôƯĹ߹޵̬Ҳ˾ȣɵһҲһ
̲סҪë޵Ķӣܵĵʣҡ𣿡
Ȯֻ˫Ư۾
Ȼ͵Ĭˣֱָ֣̽ůëʱҲһؿɵĮ
ôſŶ˵ҲˣҪŲļֻĲู
ʱ۾΢΢ˣָҲ̫˰ɣ
ů˰֡
ë޵ָ˺ǳԣûҪȥʦ𣬾ֻȺȮˡ
ȮǺܸ䣬ȴһҲףԹԵرҪߵĻҲֻǿһۣתͷ
䵭ĪЩ
Ȼߵʱͺܲᣬʦôˡ
*
Ȼľǰͷ̶߿ʦģվ̶ˮߣ񣬱ӰͦΣ׳
Ų£ż߹ȥֻ鲢ʮƽ
ʦѾ֪飬ȴûбֳ˵򵥵ˡ
ǰİҲĺ֪
ЩȻ̲סЩΣŬƽ飬ǰһ񣬵ʦһˡ
ǲһۡ
Ȼ£Щ֣⵭Į֮ǰֻҲ̫˰ɣ
ȻʦʲôޣҲڽ͹ϵ
͸оʦӦûʲôߴϵ޲Ŷԡ
ֻǵšһ㲻˵ˡ
ȻҲ֪ʦôĸԣҲָʦڷôġ
ʦҲϲĨǣԥƬ̣Ϳֱӵʦ·ĿľΪ飬Բԣ
ԣǴһЩѹоǻᱻĵ뷨Ƶġ
˺һƽڵ̶ʵĲɣ
ȻҭƬ̣Ȼʦ⻰֪˼ʦֹȻûƭġ
Щʦʲôʱ֪ģ
û˵֪ʲôʦȻ֪ʲô
ΪʦҲָӲ֪ģ˭֪ʦĬƬ̣ҵ飬Ȼ᲻֪ݡ
ȻƬ̣Щŵؿʦ𡭡һֱ֪
ǡšһôƽ
õ˿϶Ļش𣬳ȻЩˣ籾԰
ʦ˵һֱ֪ݵģҲ˵Ӧϳİ취
ʦȴھڲ֪ݵġ
̫žˣû뵽ȻһʼͺʵͬʱûѴɣ
Ȼ˶񣬿ʦƺʱشѰ׷Դʦ𡭡ΪͽԭҲΪ飿
Ĭϡ
ȻˣʦһۣȻʦĿ飬ʦΪʲôҪ
ǵͷȻҸð𣿡
Ȼ
ʦ𲻸ð
۵ĳӣվǱƺҲȻİɡ
ο֪Ժʹİ
ڵʦ𡭡Ȼôġ
ľ黹ǺܲףǰҲصĻûɢ³ˡ
Ȼ˿ʦ𵭶ɫҲôģʵʦôģ
ǴôһֱȥбĴ㣿
ȴƬ̣Ҫô롣
Ȼҡ뷨
ǲÿɷؿڵĻش
Ȼ׼ʦ˼ˣ·ôʦƵġ
ʦʲôҪأ
ѵΪػܶ꣬ԶҲһЩ
Ҳ˵ùȥϾһɵģҲ֣èèҲиɡ
ȻԼ뷨ȻǼˣܲãʦһڵͺˡ
ʦҲͬ뷨ϾôϵͽܺһĻȻܷ԰ɡ
û˵ǵĿȴ»棬Ƭ̣ڲؼŻشԿǰ¡
Ȼ͵Ѿá
ǿһ㡣
Ȼ
ȻʦҪڰ֮Ļشˣ˵ˣʦҲ˵ǵò
ãҲûԺ󵽵ҪʲôȴڿɣҲûʲôá
ͷͬˡ


 85 

ɣڱԶһɽ, ϲǲܿģΪɽϲһ磬ͨķѹͿҲܻ󴳽ȥ
ɽ½, 㲻ٹ, Ҫߡ
£漴Щŵصˣ
ǰӦúúõ, Ҫɣɵ, û뵽ȻΥ
΢٣վڽϣ΢΢ͷһۣ䲻, ѾˣܲܽȥЦˣ͸żᳰ, Һ£
㡭
˵ʲôѾɽ˿ɣɣɣɵĽ˵·ͬ裬ӰܿʧɽƼ䡣
ҧҧ, ڵѾ˳, òǿ۰Żָ, ܿɣڵɽͲ, ҪȥǾܵġ
ŭ˶, ˼ڸô졣
*
Ժ, 棬ˣֻѺڵ, ĸ̷
òѾһ̫ŵӣѹͲӻȥ
ҧԾһȴһΣ˻ȥĶ־
һжģδһᷢ顣
μʵһɵġ
ⱾŮӵòģҲ˳Ϊȹ֮һǧǰλ߸ϵɾҲһԵڵ׳ô
ڵҲܻôá
ⱾΧɢԺĹ¿ʼģҲԺ֪֮ǰڻʹǸŮ޾Ȼ
Ҳ˼סڷ־ͽгȻ
ԳȻǻԵģɢԺ󣬴ְҲָ˷ƽ˾
ɾ˿ɣɣƺΪԵʣɾûٻ壬仹ʥȴѾʵΪѾɾ塣
Ҫ飬ɾѾ㹻ǿˣ˵飬ֶ׶ˣʱ˺ƽ
ֱȻɢİ֮Եɺϲμ˿ɣɵͽᣬƾȻƵòɾ¡
ɾ̳Ȼ֮ĵڶͽܣҲΨһһͽܡ
ʵ΢ͬĵطˣʵɾ˳ȻΪͽ⣬һž޵Ĵͽ֮
ɾȴûһͽܡ
벻ͨһ㣬µľ鲻ˡ
ΪɣɵЩ˶ܻλȥСʦã˼ʱ򣬱㶼˳ȻתҲвټΪֻǳȻѡ
ЩҪҪڿɣɵĴǳãλҲǳߣû˸ҵ󲿷Ҳϲ
Ҳӵ˵Ľʹӵ
ȻҲڴˣ۴ɾǶ͵飬ɾƾĹͳΪ۵ӣٳһ
*
䵽мԵмźЩΣͿƶչҲܾ쵱ϵۺ󣬹ٳ۵ˡ
Ҳ
ŮȻŮʶĵڶ죬Ǳ߱˽˳ȥ
סλᣬе֪δᷢ۵Σ֤õ顣
ȻҲֻȨ֮ƶѡ
ûиԼ֪黯˷˵飬Ҳȹ֮һǲ۵ġ
ԣֻƶеľ鷢չֻҪչȻعⱻ˱һ죬Ů֮·ͻῪʼˡ
ڵҪôɣɣ
ţȴȻԶʲôתͷȥͿһ޳ӰԽԽ
˵ԺĴǾ΢΢ˡ
ⲻ˴ȥô
ŮȻܺá
*
ȻûмʦչأԺȥˣȥ֮ǰȥ֮ǰȮĵطһȻѾˡ
Ҳûයֱ˳¶
뿪ʵһ£ȴһ뿪˺ܾõĸо߽˳¶Ժһرеĸо
¶ȻǸɸɾһȾģҲʦСֽ˵Ĺ͡
Сֽرͣÿ춼ҵҵڴɨӡ
ȻߵʦַſڵʱһȺСֽ˾ҡҡλεشˣʱ򣬱ܻϲڹ뱧ȡ
ȻҲܸˣ뱧ǵʱ򣬲»ȴֺȻâĿ漴ʶʦҪˡ
£Ҳûٻʦѽ
ȻƬ֮ʦ־Ѿƾճ󣬻һѣ˻
ȻûӦͿȺСֽ˸գˤ˵ϣƺô¶Ƶģͷ֮
ǲ¶ԷֽƬϵĻҳ
Ȼ
ôɾʦСֽûˡ


 86 

ʦ, ôˣ
ȻͷʦɫЩ졣
ΪһҲúܾòܿġ
Ͼʦÿһ߾Ǻܾãְ֪ҵ̫Ժ, ҲΪʲôôæ
˼Ļʵ۵ĶӶôæ, ˵ʦֻƹϵµ֮ˡ
ʦֺ񲢲ôʵʱ, Ƴһ, һƿԼӵţһ߷·赭дʣȻȻ뿴ʦ𣿡
Ȼ̧ŸȥҲǣֻǡ
֮ȥԺڴˣʳ֮ǰϢʱġ
ôһ˵, Ȼ׹ԭʦֲæˣæйġ
ʶһʱ, ȻżʦѾֹʦˣѣֻһֱʦѾϰˣһСľͻʦֵݡ
ô, ʦֻͦ, ҪæŹҪæ̸, Ա, Ҳ̫ˡ
ȻЩεȥʦֵһ裬ʦ, Ȳ衣
֮һ, Ц⣬ӹ˲裬ôԣ
ȻҲЦЦ, ʦֺͽӽӹոշźã㱻ʦסֻ
ȻҲлʦ˵ԣȥһӹڴǰ
ע⵽Ķ֮û֣ȴЦỺȻȻʲô
ȻҲû룬ӡ
֮ĬƬ̣Цˣ΢΢˻ϣЦºֺÿʦֻʲôС
ʦִϵĳȻ
첻ʶôõˡ
ʦǷǳ׽ˣҲ̫ЩȻͲڵض˶Ҫ뿪ʦֵĻ
漴ʦȻȻȻǸմʦǶ
ȻĶһ٣ͷʦô֪
֮ͷͬƬ̣ųġ
Ȼ
ʦʦֵıӶͦʹģ
ʦôȻӣ·ŵĲǸŮһľżƵģܵĸоҲûС
⵹ԵټҪ־ӷ·ûƵġ
Ȼ㲻ٶˣŬԼƽ
ôʦּȻˣҲӦŶԡ
Ȼ£㽫ʦҪǰʦ֡
ĴȻǼݹңڵֱȴʦϣĴ𰸲
ƺԤеô˵Բǵġ
ֻǣЩ׼ʦϣô
ѵҪŮݱ¶
ʦҲȷ̬ȣ۵ġ
ԣʦ˼ˡ
̲סʦ֣ʦ֣֪ʦҪô𣿡
֮Ƭ̣º͵ʦҪô㶼𣿡
ȻĪ⻰˼ΣգǿصȻᡣ
֮ЦˣǾͲعôģԼͺá
Ȼ⻰Щ죬ʦҲ˵ƵĻ
ʦºͶϵ۾ҲȻʦֺʦô˵Ǿʹ֧ľġ
ôʦҪôһ˾Ҳص
ȻЦˣʦ֣ˡ
֮ȻҲ뱩¶ܣƬ̣ʣȻȻڿɣɼ𣿡
ǳɵҲûзģֻڷ뵡ѣɽʿ͸ǰɺˮԷһϰΪˡ
ȻҲûҲִ̫ˣڵʵѾǳǿˣҪ뿪ɣȥ濴
һȥԺͷԼǸϲַ̻
ԣʦôʵʱ£͵ȻӺݿ
˵һ̫ˣɲԼʮ꣬ȻȥʱȴѾˡ
ɵķһϾԵ
Ƭ̣ʦЦº͵صʦһȥ
ȻƬ̣⻰벻Ҫҳ˼
ʶ뵽һҪ³׵ĵҪʦֻȥĻָȥĵܶˡ
ûϲʦ֣ôԡ
ţ̲סѿڶżһǵʱѾֿأ
˵Ժ͸оﾲ
֮û˵Ҳʲô
ȻʶԼô˵Ҳ̫ã˵ʵҲЩˣʦǱϲһҲҪŬϲģˣ˵ЩĻ
ʦһܵİɣ
ȻʦֳĬɫЩģҪ˵Щʲô貹һ¡
ʱʦȴȻЦˣѩһݿʣͷ·𷽲ŵľֻĴº͵ҲûϵΪʦҲȥġ
Ȼ
ûϵ
ҲֻʦֵװômaxˣɹҲЦ崺硣
Ҫˡ
ȻһҲûҴϾ˵ȣת˻⣬˿ʦ֣ʦ֣ιҪã
֮Ц΢ƺЩźߡ
Ȼգգۣô
ʦ֮ǰ˵ǳϢʱģ˯ʱӡ
ʦôæϢʱȴҪҲס
Ȼʣʦ֣ҪϢ𣿡
ĵ֮΢ЦЦҲãȻȻʦһɻ
Ȼԥ¡
֮ȴݣƣȻȻûʱĻˣһҲûϵġ
˵ãôһ˵Ȼ͸оԼûܾˣʦûʱ䶼Ҫʱдѵʱȴʦֶ
˵ͷʦ֣˯ɣ㡣
Լ˯ŵġ
֮Ժ󣬾Ϳһ۹ɶڴߵŮߵĿλô̫ۣȻȻҲţ
ȻһҲǣ֮ǰҲûʦͬʦֵˡ
*
Ժ󣬱㿴ʦѾ۾ƺĴ˯һƵġ
˯ŵģʦĿ覴õ
һտ˵ʦֵǶˡ
ʦֵòϸڵʵָ߹º͵ʣһּĸоԾؾͶ˼ֺøк;η۾Ҳ˿ûм
·Ƶġ
Ȼ˰죬ȴ·һҲûᷳʦֵҲΪ¡
ĴرÿɫƯһԸеĴ飬žͺеӡ
Ȼž̲סһǲô
һʦֵ۾Ǳŵģ·Ѿ˯ˡ
ֻһ¡Ӧòᱻְɣ
ţȻ̲ס֣첲սʦֵúܿ죬źһַ·Ĵ̼о
ֻǣָ⻹һҪʦĴʱȴ͵رסˣ
ͷ˫ڵˡ
ȻһʶؾҪͣʦֻ֣ǡ
Ļû˵꣬ʦȴȻ΢΢ǰסĴꡣ
ȻգۡˣֻǴһȴ֮෴ؿ
ʦֵǷ·𴺷һᡢỺû˿ԣ˻飬̡
һǶݵѵˮȻûӦʱʦ־Ѿ˿ˣ£ӿ۽üҶǴЦ⡣
΢΢̾Ҳ͵͵ġ
Ȼһͼˣǣֻһ¶ѣ
⻰һ˵ʦЦȥסЦ⣬·ʣˣ
Ȼͷ԰
֮Ƭ̣ɺˣԼˡ
ȻľȻ
ʲô

ɧɧʦô졣


 87 

Ȼû˯, ž˯ȥˣʱʦ־Ѿ뿪ˡ
뵽֮ǰʦֵǸ, ȻЩ΢͸ӡ
ѾŬزʦֳֵ, ʱҲǻһ־ԵĴҸС
ЩԼǲϲʦ֡
Ѿϰ˽ˣָҪתϲĸҲ̫ˡ
ʦƺĺϲ
Ȼʦ˵ҲʦֵĻ, Ҳ, ķˣʦҲܻص֮ǰ׽״̬ˡ
οҲʦѹ
뵽ЩЩͷھ˶ʦǶΰԺ, оԼٶԱ˶ˡ
ĳ̸һоʦȴĵˡ
Ҳ̫ˣæԼ˼
ڴϷʱ, ȴ㶨˶񣬲ٶ롣
ŵ¡¶λʦ㣬ԴǰϲλʦֵҥɢԺ, ⼸λʦ·Լһ׽, ͼ׷ʦֵľ̸֮
ȻǹЩ, ΪΪ˼λʦֵ, û뵽ȴԵʡ
ǵĻԺ󣬳ȻɫЩŴһҳúĹ
¶ǰ, Щѹֲס˷ܣ, Ҳ˵ģСʦãһȥ, òã
Ȼ˼Ƭ̣ͬˡ
סôЩ꣬ڿɣɵʱ䶼٣Ҳû˭Ƚ׽ҲżСɽʦ̸֣Щ䣬ȴʦֽͬŰ䵭ܷЩͳ֮˵
žȻһǸģ
мֹŹֵĸо
*
Ȼȥ·Ͼ뵽ڷ뵽߲꽣ܿܶǶġ
ش˭ҲͲѲˡ
벻ֻͨΪλѾʦ𴦾
˭ȳģ
Ȼü˼ţʱȴȻԵ¶ʦ㳶˳漴ѹ͵˷ҲСʦã㿴ǲǺˣ
ʱѾڵ̫е档
ȻתȥͿ˸մ̫еһˣΧмĺȹŮȻڷߵļλʦֶǿɣɹģȻҪȥá
ȥʱ򣬺ȹŮҲƺʲôȻס˽Ų΢΢תͷ
ȻſԵļλʦȻҲˣ΢΢˿ھ˵Ƴ̶ȡ
ȻȴüΪǳ񣬶ھȻΪòˣǵڵѾλʦֳߣòҲرеĲ״̬
ȴһӨòŮ̬֣ҲаϢˡ
ڵһͨͨķŮһЩ޵֮˵ĴϢ
ͷ·ڷǸһƵġ
ʱĿҲİģżֺ棬Ŀʱ΢΢ЦЦŽͬɣɵʦһ˵˵ЦЦˡ
ԶıӰȻû˵Եļλʦ۲
ܿ϶Ǹ˾װʶɲ⣬ڷ䷸ɱȻϳʶΪװʶЩ¾ҲĨɾ
ö֮ؾ˿ɣɣͲҴ
Ϊʲô޿֣
Ŀʲô
Ȼɳ˼žͼڿջһɪʦᵽĵɪλĵҵ顣
¶֮û죬ͺȻ˿ɣɡ
бȻЩɣ
óʦֿ϶֪Щʲôǵò¶ʦ˵һֳȥˣҪܼˡ
ȰʹʦŪ˵
*
ɣҲûпݷùҲйˣԴķȴͷһأŮͿɣɵСʦòơ
ҪСʦԷϹеĵӻΪŴСʦõݡ
еӱλ˼ֹעȻλﲻܻˣʱ䣬ʦǾѾλƯķŮкøˡ
Щʦ̫׽ҲǼֻǺϲԼҵСʦãȻðһСʦóŮһֺ΢Ĳʸо
ĿҲֺЩ˵ģ˲ǵ̬ȡ
סڵ̫йĿͷ
Ҳû뵽ɣô׾ͽˣΪڳԺҪһ۵ġ
ܽҲ˿ɣɵȡ
ȵӡ󲢲ãʮûȸˡ
ϵҲֻһ⣬ǶڵһǧҲѾ޼ҪʼʩѰһ˵ڵ
òУ鵽ԸΪ˵ɵȴҲ࣬Ҫƭһڵô׵顣
Ʋѵʱȴʶȣħĵʿ⣬ܿóϵԼ׽֮˳µر¡
ԱΪǿиҲûߣҲ˿ûжĵ˼оֹؾصȤĵز
ȻڴˣҲֵ˵¡
Ϊص֮ºһģҲһֵɫġ
ðɵȻѡֱˣһһƽԼһЩǮΪ
ֱڿɣط꣬ûַŭĸоҲֻܵԺ㡣
ǿɣɵţҪĿҲٲҪ
Щ֮ģҲûô׾ͽ˿ɣɡ


 88 

ʦǵڶһŴɽ»ġ
Ȼú, Թ鵤ԺԺ˻ʱ, Żȹķȥˡ
ĵӴǳ麣, ƽͣҲ, ܶľ;, ƽĿγҲҪζ飬һ棬ģţȽŵЩӸƮζ
ȻʱͲλʦȥ, Դ֪ѾɹԺеЩ˾ܾʲôƵġ
ȻĿﵢ˺һȴʦִ˿̾ڲԺ, Ǳ߸ȥ
ʦɽǷʦ֮ȥȡ鼮ġ
ȻÿķͬС죬׻ģԿɣɺ֮ҲһЩѧϵĽ͹ͨнѧϰ
Ȼʱ, Ϳʦǰ, ڽӱȡ鼮һһǼᡣ
Ա߻ѷŴɽƵ鼮
, Ҳû¶ɫ, ֻһָۣæѵǼǺõ鼮ܡ
Ȼһ鼮, һĥŸô
ʦֿɲô׻ˡ
վ˼, תͷǱߵĳһۣд, ̬ɣҲͦ档
Ŀ⣬̧ͷһۣ΢漴ЦЦصСʦãлֱ˵ǣ֮仹ʲô˵𣿡
Ȼ׽ҭ¡
ʦֵ׺·ͼǿڿɣɼû˶ӡ󲻺õġ
Ҫ֪ԵףǶԷ׶ӣ˵ͻĻ
ȻƬ̣̽ʵʦӦ֪˿ɣɰɣ
ʸ£ƺ΢΢üζؿ˿ڣ֪Σ
Ȼûлشֻǿһ߹˿ɫЦ·صʦֺһ⣿
ŽڷԺ󣬲תͷһߵŮڶƬ̣ЦˣСʦǲڻйϵ
ȻЦУ⣬棬۵ıаûУһһǸ˵ĸоǳԻԡ
Ȼ΢΢ƿĿ⣬򶨵ûô˵
ĲȴЩЦ⣬Ǿôˣ
Ȼû˵ǳ̬̫ɺĳĬҲûаֳء
һ΢΢̾˿ģСʦòػң֪ʲôҶġ
ԣȻתͷͶ˳ʦ˫ʮֳֿЩЦ⡣
΢΢ͷŮɵɫһִֻϣЦСʦüΰұܣʵ϶˵ǲ̫СʦõһƬô
ȻɫĬƬ̣̲סûϵ
ȴ⣺СʦòضԣҶ
Ȼľ
ֶʲôˣ
*
ȻҲû̫˵ʲôĻϣϾԵףıĻôܽһжг
ǳȻĽ֪Ķˡ
ȥԺѾˣȴֱ۸˳һ
ЩҲϤܹעһֱҲûѾˡ
ۻҲΪϲȻۼ˶̣ûĽϡ
ֻԺֵǱĬģŮˣΪӣҲôˡ
ۺǺƽģʵͿ˳ˣֻǰڶԷʵûжֶѡ
嶼۵ģҲΪƿأҲˣ𻹺ǧ˿ƵĹϵôĺɡ
Ȼ̣ȴֲϵĶЩ鷳Ҳɵġ
*
Ȼ̲סʳԼ󣺡ȻѾȳˣΪʲôҪɣɣ
ⲻͶ
Ĳٱ׽ȥ
ȴûشĻɫЩ΢ؿһŵҲ֪ĿΪʲôɣ
ȻƬ̣ɵɴЩ˵
·»ᱻƵģ΢΢ҲѹЩԣġ
Ȼ
ʱﲢƽȻҲû¶ɫоóĻûаԣⲻȫˡ
ɣɵĿľΪ飬ƾһ㣬Ͳܶ޽䱸
ڵҲǳʦ֣ɣҲ벻ġ
̫ĵķһֱֵֺξǳġ
ƺ̫ܣϤЩʦֶ֪ݣô֪ģ
˼ʱ򣬳ȴֲزһ䣺֪һЩδᷢ顣
ȻٿȻ̧ͷ
ɫҲЩӣ˵Щǲ㲻ģԣ۲Ŷҵġ
˵Ż˼ӣ˵ͨԤ֪δȡ۵顣
Ժ󣬳ȻɫЩ硣
Ԥ֪δı£ͲڻʹǸ׽סˡ
֪Щ˵Ԥ֪δǡдľ飿
ҲǴģ
ģ


 89 

ʦֵ˼Ѿ, 뽫ƾͼҳġ
ϾҲʼԵ׵Ŀġ
Ҳ飬ҲԿ, ΪƶƤӵ·ʲôˡ
Ȼȴô, ˵ǳˣ²Ϊ, ƾΪòɱôҲ°, ˭֪᲻ɣɵĵӣ
ǽɣɿɼһĵطģķΧҲһֱܺʦʦҲŽᣬ͸ԴƵ, ɲһбƻˡ
ǲվ߶ԸˣԺ󣬳Ȼ˼Ÿôϳɣɡ
Դ, ĵһŮˣŸ꽣֮ĹϵӦòһ㡣
ôܵǰ¶Уʦ֤, ֻҪ, ֻ, Ҳû취
Ͼ, ڷ飬Ҳû֤֤ɵġ
ҪֻҪŻ, ѻ, Ŷ˵ļ䱻˴۸ˡ
ȻŸĸоӦòǷǲֵˣų겻ڿɣɣʵҲ˽
ûȫİվôȥ, ݾߡ
ȻȥҪİ취ҲûУҪٶȸɸɴؽߵİ취Ҳֻȥʦˡ
⻹ϴɪϱɽС
ɪڽҲǵ¸صĳˣʦ𻹲һ仰ɽˣĴԱϳɣɣȴûһΪȥʦ顣
ȻҲɪԼʧܵĳɷڣҲɷϵʦڿɣɵĵλߣֻҪ˻Ҳ˵֡
ȻԽԽÿУȻк̨Ϊʲôá
ñ취˵ʦĻס
ʦǷϵȻĸԣ֤ܿòֱ֤Ӿ˳˼
ţȻСɽȥʦ
*
ɵǣ¶ʱ򣬾ײ˱ͽ
Ųס
ͽ¶Զͣ£һ˳漴彣ջ䡣
һ˫ˮмؿлʦ֡
鱻һ˿ȣʦչ㣬С²лġ
ȻζӲۣҲôױòˣŵĴͽܣȴڷ֣żôġ
鼫ʦǡǡ෴ҲôɽҲͲСˣȴƵĴ鵥
ɣĵ̫ˣֲƽʣࡢʶɫҲûʲôŮĽġ
էȻһĹܿסŹ֡
ȻۿɵʦֱˣƺûȻڵʦ֣ʲô
鲻֪ܲʦϲİɡ
תƺһ漴Ӧʻɫ£ʵʵصʦ˵ĽɾѾãݼݼ
ԣȻͿһĶ˵Ů΢ʦã
ʵ͵ʦ˵ɣɰʦģֽչΪͽ˼
һû˵ֻԼƵؿųȻЩͽȻûӣһСѾͷǰūƵʵ
Ȼϡŵͽܣʦ嶦ɾǣֻҪȻˣӵеһжˡ
չ̽һʦͽĹϵģεľһȻĽʦ鱻Ҵɾ㲻ٶˣĻվɾҲ־
ݱ¶Ժ󣬳ȻԮľأټɾľĮֻԭһɢʶҷˡ
ţȻ˼ɣ̤ʯƵģ֮ǰڷ䱻׽ס鶼ôǺˡ
ȻȻ֪ʲôﵹҲڴǲǴģĻԺɫűЩŹ
һۡ
Ϊͽ
ȻŻôŰǺĳϵȻὫͱɽʦͽǾģôžͲһйԵŮΪͽ
ȴ˵ʦġ
ôݵʦ˭
Ȼֿһ۶Щ뵽ɣɵĵڶձݷʦˣͲɿһ¡
ɣɣȻʦΪʦ
̫Լ̫ɾˣ
ʦôôһͽܣҲİ
ʦ̫ӣʦΪͽǿϡ
ԼΪͽӦĹ⡣
أ
ʲôʦԸΪΪͽģ
ȻŶٿˣо̫ˣջĿ⣬飬ʦҲ֪ʦĹأҲʲô˶ϼġ
ٳٶҲܸоСʦƺϲˣͦõģôƯСʦô᲻ϲأ
ЩףҲ֪СʦúأʦͦСʦõģȻСʦòˣ£תͷСʦ˵ҲʦãһǴȥĴɣǴɽķ羰ǡ
Ц΢ͣ漴ƺ΢΢ʪˣ·˵ʲôֵܹĻƵģ鱻ЩµʱĻҶʦֵġ
鱻Ҫ޲޵񿴵Щţ漴ô˵ҪһҲһĹŮѣʲôʸɾأжྴɾҲû֪֮ġ
˵ţ̧ͷ飬һô˳ҲĶϧģԲʦΪˡ漴תͷȻֽŵʦ㲻ҪʦˣҵĴҲģû뵽ʦôңһ˰ɣ
Ȼ
û뵽ߵľȻ̲·
ս·ڼôίôôӦþСʦ̫̫ͨĮ̫۸˰ɡ
ţȻͿһ飬ȴض޴
˿һŲԣѹʣССʦãǲǾǷɣ
С˵ģҪģˣžһֵʱͷŭС
ʦͽһľͷɣ
Ȼۡ
ҲȷоԼ޹ĺҪĴǿɣɵȴĪؿˣСʦ۸Ƶģ˵ʲôĴûĶˡ
ɾȴ
ǰҲɾ֮¶ʲôÿ޵ġ
벻ͨȴ־˲ò࣬ﾹȻĪΪͻǿȥɾˣ
ɾһȷɲŹ֡
ôţЩˣǲ𻹶ɡ
ɽµķ¡
ЩпɽǶԵġ
ʱȴȻ̧˫ȦСʦãʦ㣬ôңǲǶʲô᣿
ҿɵһʦ㡣Ȼ뷭ۣҲˣżɽ㲻ΪŸɱô͹ȥ˰ɣ
ɫһ٣ɲؿˣʲô壿
ȴҲɫίãȻҲ˵ʲô
ȻװɵҲ˵ˣܹҲϳϣֻҪʦĻ;¡
ˣֻؿһۣᲽ¶̨ס
ȴСʦʶλƺвСĹڣȻ￴޹пʲôҲһ֮ȻҪԼСʦõġ
Сʦʱȴһ̨̤ףקסСʦõ䣬ᾹȻֹ˳鿴ûͷ飬ϲľǿ޿Ĺ
ЦƯΪʲôҪأ
ȻŲ΢٣תͷ
Һʦ֮ǰδʦ˵Щ²ġ
Ȼľ㿴ɵ𣿡
ȴƣʦ֪㲻ϴأ˵ţԱߵ飬ʦ֣˵𣿡
鿴˿ǰżƵ£ɵƺЩ
Ȼû뵽޳ܵزЦһڷҲһҲһ˵ⲻһˣ
ԣЩ𾪣Сʦ˵Ҳ
ȴҪ𾪣ʦĻģǱȻðҵ˻¡
Ȼ
֮£
ȻҲƱˣҪ䡣
ʱȴȻһϮûӦǰӹһѩ׵ӰӣžһС
Ȼ˶񣬵ͷһͿһֻѩ׵Ĵ꽫ѹ˵ϣֻצӽļץѪһҧסĲӣ費ϵѪĲ
ٹƬ̣ĲӶܸҧˡ
ʷ̫ˣ£ԵҲɵۣʦ𽻴չ鶼ˡ
ʱ¶ĴſˣһӰſڣ䵭Į𣺡ʲô
׺Ķһ٣ס˿ڡ
ʹöʧȥʹˣˣڿſĮİɾʱ͸˾Ƶġ
δʦô


 90 

ɾԺ, 㻯ΣݣƮƮ, ǻմЩѪ, Īмĸо
Ȼվʦ, ͢, Щ⣬ȴֲô⣺ʦ֣
ڶĿʱ͢İɢָƽ峺, ˴ǵѪƺЩŵʣССʦãû°ɣ
Ȼһ, ֿһۻڵЩˣû¡
͢ӦǼЩɱͬ壬˲嶯İɣ
ʱ, Ҳع, ûʦ𽻴չ, ɥ, æ߹ȥιһŵҩʩֹסӼѪ
˵Ǻ, û, ŵ˵˻Ǻܺεġ
ֻκҪʱ䣬´ŵɾ, ֻ˼򵥵Ľ֤˾ǡ
͢Ѫֹסˣ΢΢¡
һͷĸ첲ǿվֵ̿ؿһֿ͢ɾɾΪҲ֪Լʲôλʦ־Ȼһɱ֣ѵž˲ô
žЩͷۣ֪Ͳˣ䲻֪ʦΪֹɵӣȻ嶯ɼСʦ˵ɱҲǿѨ硣
ʱȴڿҪɾ·𲻴͢ǿɣŷ粻Ƶġ
ҪȥһŵҲûˡ
ˣ¶òС
˼ˣʵʵؽԼԺһһжɾ
ɾһġ
˵Ժ󣬳Ȼע⵽ʦĿ⻹͢ϣ͢ǲԴǵģָᱻʲô͵ʦΪڷ䡭
û˵꣬͢ȴȻΪ˱Сʦá
Ļ£Ȼоܾһ͢͢¶һЦݡ
Ȼ
֪ɱ
ɸеģɶеĴֲͬˡ
͢ôôʵϣ
ȻЩۣۿ·ץסʲôѱƵҪڣ㿴ʦȵʦһл˵
û˵ֻǿҲ˵ȥ˼
Ȼ㶨񣬽֮ǰڷԵ˵ˡ
˵ʱҲֻɫ΢䣬û޿Ƶġ
˵Ժɾޱ仯һԵһֹŹֵɫ·벻ȻƵġ
뵽ԼʦԴģ͸ˣʦ𵽵֪֪ɱ
֪ĻҪӻ˼
ţˣ϶Ҳվʦߵġ
ȴûлҵģɣ֮ǰԤϵһĻڷû֤ݣֻҪϣҲû취
οȻŮôҪӦþɵģɣɵЩһһٰ谮չ˵ġ
ɾǻδΪͽģȻΪͽǾʹǿġ
ţ̲ס̧ͷһǰİɾΪ˽ˣʱȴҲ׼λɾ뷨ûʲô飬ҲûһۣͲЩ
ע⵽ɾȻҲôĮģ԰ˣɾӦþĮɡ
Ȼ֪ʦֻѣû̬̽ʦǲţȥҢ֤
һ΢΢üȴüͷʦҪҲУÿԻһס
ԣȻЩؿһۣǾò鲻ʲôܻ
˼ʱƽ˾ϣαô鷳ɽǡ


 91 

ɾ˵ҪɽĻԺ, ܾ;һ·𶼱Ļòᡣ
ǲŵ̧ͷ˰ɾ
ձκ˶Ҫ, ǹɳȻĳϢҲ˱Ȳ˵, ˱ǱˡնԣһλȻ, Įľ
ʶǸ˳ɾһ
Ϊʲô᲻һأ
Ժʲô, ͵תͷվɾԵŮ
ԣһΪȻûɾΪͽôòΪԳȻĴ
ڳȻŵʱ, ҲûбŻҪֲ˼ɡ
ʱҲ׹ɾЩɫ˸һε, òҲ򶯲
ľЩˣ˼Լô
ʱҲѾɾ˼
ɾǸһԾŶˣ˵ĻͲʲôء
ƽ˱ɾ, ǿʵ, նħ¼ͺ羴Ľˡ
˭ûиӢ۵ˣ
, ûɾ⻰ʲô, ɾûô˾һˡ
ο, СʦõΪҲ˽, ƽ޹ȥԩˡ
ˣ鿴ͱˣ˼䵭, ǰûԼȻݼɾˡ
Ʒԣɾ
ʱűҲǱסģԼʦɾжƴӡ
ˣɾ˵Ժߵǰϵص㻹Ҽ̾ɽ
ԣȻЩʦ־ȻôϵΪٻЩϧġ
ʦ˵ĻҲϣķʽһôɴ䡣
Ȼʦǽѷ
*
ĻԺ󣬷ҵ˼ͱˣӿһɳ嶯ѿڶȵȣɾһи㣡
ԣɾҲֻǵɨһۣĪһּǷĸо·˼˫Ρ
ĻͿ˺䡣
ȻȴؾҲйأ²֪٣ͺȻʦһ̶
Żعתͷʦ
ǿһۣ·еܺȤҽȥ
ȻӦһ
ʱȴȻЩеǺйص飬ɾһ㶼Ȥ𣿡
ֵʱЩãȻһۣЩ벻ͨ
鲻ʥ
һ֪ʲô
һԾĬ͢ⲻؿһۡ
ֵʱ򣬾ԤϣȻĵ׻ǲ£ŲʶͶסˣžͿʦҲס˽Ųһۡ
һۿһһַ·Ŀ־С
飡Ƭ̺ǲſ˿ڡ
鲻ɾѾɾѾӦˣ˵ɾˣҲͦλġ
ɾ˵װˣ˲ʶؾɾ֮ǰǸƯǲĴ
ɾãҲ˲ʲôˣֱӽߣƬ̼ʧԭˡ
*
ܿͽ˿ɣɵĽ籮ǰ
֪Ŷڴ»кηӦźʶҲŻҲһ
ˣԺڴԴƬ̣Ȼȥһʦ𣬿ɺã
û˵ҪƵġ
ֿһۣ
뵽ҲתҲһֻǿѹͷŭǱͷʦˡ
ͷתˡ
*
ߺ
ҲԼܸоóӦҲǿסġ
ڿɣ˺ɾ
뵽λǿİɾͷмֻȡ
ͽܣͻһۣ²άյҩҲܵޱȵĵۺ
ֻ뵽ɾĲ飬мŭҲеԼΪλ۳ˡ
ɾϲ
һͷֹȻʹһɾСͽܷǳ谮
ȻϲͿֱӽߣȫǲǱԩġ
гȻŵĻ;ܶ
˳ֻܽȸɾˡ
һûгȻĽ飬ֻҪɾ֪ܣҲһȻġ
ʱɾĻҲŹȻģɡ
ֻǡѾ˳Ҫôܼɾأ
˼ʱȴȻĽŲ
Ϊȣȴ˼ίתʱȴȻˣ漴㾪ϲؽеɾ
վڲԶѩ˳Ⱦ鵭Į䣬֮ǰ˵ʲô
£漴ʶɾ鲢Ǳô⣬ֻǵʱڣѡ
ⲻ
ס飬ŬԼƽ۽΢ɾ·ĿıΪɣ
£һƬš
ֻоɾϵĿƺĮ˼ѹУЩ
뵽±ǻܣɾ䱸ҲȻġ
ǿſ־壬̧ͷһɫȴʲôΪ̫ƽˣƽ·˵ѹֵһᡣ
ԭЩּᶨ˵ԺɾһһԤ֪Ŀ࿴ģ˵мġ
ǿһŵʲô
һ񣬲ֽŵɾ֪
ǿĿƺ΢΢Щı仯΢ͣ·̺ϢΣգ֪
ȴûвֻǰסɾСͽܱɾžɡ
û˵꣬㱻Ȼһֻ޳˼һƿ·ӯȴоͷƺҪˣǿҲһϮ˳ȥײ˲Զϲ
ʱʹ֪ˣɫһƬҰܣƺǹ⵶ˣһѪӿ۵һ³һѪ
΢΢תͷ۵׾ͿһϮѩ׵½ǣ·ɢ
ʱһһ˵鲼֫ٺ
ܸоԷɱ⡣
Ķʲôˣֱ粻ۻҪµöࡣ
ʼˡ
̧ͷͶźÿȴޱɡɾ
δ꣬ĺͷˣ˶ɾʩչѻ֮£Ҳ𽥴
󷨳ȥԺѾˣֻһͷ𣺡ԭˡ
ֻͷѣ仰Ժͽžʶʲô鿴ʶʲô֪ˣ
Ҳ֪δᱻˣ
岻ɲøɫףѪɫҲûˡ
ĺˣɣɵģֵַصž鷢չͼǰеͲۻµˡ
ɾĸһȱ֮ĶûС
Ļɱģ
벻ףΪʲôͬһһǷӡЩȱġ
ûһǰĻֶκġ
Ķ˴ȴܿ϶ǰ˼ˡ
ʱҲѾûˣɾȻûڣ̧ͷžΪ˵գʲôҪ¡
ɣɣ˵ȳȻԺܹõ
ǣʲôˣ粻ҪΡ
ŬҪطˣվվĵĻҲ˵ٴζ֣ҲоõԼǻˡ
ɾһƴʱûڰɣ
İľôˣŮôܾ
һһİɣ
Ժֻʣһӵͷѵǰ˼Ϣȴ˥ȥûñ㵹زˡ
վǶûκҲûжһüë
ʱһСͭͬʱĻҲƮݶ
Ƭ̺󣬹ĻǸˣɾʱҴɾûѸٴĻ뿪ˡ
ǰУȥڤͶ̥ĿˣЩĻǺѾһԴ̬ˡ
ûЩĿȴ˻˵һöͭϣۣû˿Σյӡ
ǶһƬȴȻͭһơ
һĳͭƬ̺ͭ飬ŽһΪޣͭƿʱ򣬱һŨҵҲͭɢ
һҲ֮Ʈûüܣ㱻һлҷˡ
ǹ齣ʣת뿪޳ס
*
һߣױɽ͵һѪǰҲһͭʱȴҲѾķѡ
һɪ£ǰסż۾û°ɣ
ʱѾһƬκˡ
۶ҲȫȻεģ뿪ǰطľעǿ۵һֻǣöͭ۵۾ʱ֪ڿɣɵ
ˣǲ͸ͭһĻ
û뵽ɾǸλµСѾͷȻ飿
ע˵۾ϣȻͽܡ
˭õأ
ǾȻûнҴţ˹شߣ̫Ҳ벻ҪҵԼʦðɣ
ǵĻǲص̫ˡ
ɪţɫЩѿ
۵ɫѿһ˵޸ˣһȥ֪ͨ
ɪ΢Ȼ뵽˳ȻƺΣһǣ
*
Ȼʦ˷Ժ˵Ҫȥһˣһ
û뵽ʦһȻǽʱȵģϼĸ㣬һЩЩ
֪һĶ˵ʱ򣬱ĽŲһһѿյӣæվסˣЦʦˣ
ǡšһ£Ȼһ۾Ϳ˿յӡ
ȻΣ
Ҳ֪ЩʦϲĸˣζҲζȻҲ᲻֪ͳԹˡ
ţЩؿһʦʲôȥˣȴȻŵЩʲôʶʵôЩѪζ
£Ȼ;ʦƺЩ֣ƺ˼ӣûĺ壬һƶصŴˡ
Ȼ
ڻָ֮Ժж౶ŵѪζȻܵҲڻ
ʦô˵Ȼûи͵˼ˣؿʦһۣ㰴סɻ
ʦû˵ģ˱ˣ
֪ΪΣ뵽ʦòȥˣ
²ʱʦʱؾһˡ
Ȼ£ʣ𣿡
ǿû˵Ĭϡ
Ȼ˵ͷʦûб£ȥˣ
ȴһۣȵȡ
Ȼ͵ţ㿴ʦһ̸ֶ㣬ǲͬζģɿڡ
Ȼ
ǵ߰ɡ
ллʦ𡣡ȻЩԺ󣬾Ͷĸл㱳ȥˡ
֪ʦʳǹͽܵһַʽж໤ʳҲ֪
ȻһӾ̰
ĪЩš
ʦƺЩԾ


 92 

۵޹ǰ, λüĿſڣԱʱ۵Ĵ
ʱҹѾ, ɹҲһƬ, ǲģվվű˯⡣
Ȼ, ͷЩ춯, ˯⾪ɣ̧ͷ˳߹˭ʱ̴˾ȴЩĵЦ⡣
, ôʱˣǵᡣ
޵ǰӨ͵Ĺâӳճͦɵˣɫ, ͸һ籦ʰƣ˲С
λǷŮ˽, Ҳλջõĵ, ۽ӻԺƺͦ, ¶ȥˡ
̫ӵȴȥ˴ѹҵħ, ѹ¶»вĵλ
½ߵſڣסŲ, ѹ²һ£
˵, ̻ƺʾ۲Ƶʹʹɫ
½鲻䣬·һľͷƽҪҪ, ͷͨһ
̵ЦݾͽסˣƬ̺ҲֻӦһǡȴЩֶ²ͨ飬۸·ӣȥô£
˵̫ӵк˵㲻á
ľϲ̨档
Ȼ̾ǲҲұ̶ֳһۣһЩıֻţµĻ˵һ飬ȴ±»Ǩŭǡ
۾ûз𣬻Ҫ¡
λھͬʱ½̬Ҳˡ
Ƭ̣޵žͱˡ
һλ޶˷ӯĴ˴ͷ߳ͷŵĺɫɴ˿ϻɢ˵׾òҡ
λ̶Ҷ࿴æͷ
߳޵㿴ͦξݵ꣬ĿתһȦ漴ʩʩȻ͸żĵĴ⣺Сɼ¡
½Ϊ
̱Ƚɫæūӻȥ
ȴֻ½裬·һҲھߵʱҲ֪⻹⣬ĸ첲½̱ܿˣ·ʲôˮƵġ
ҲգֻЦһҲǺ˵ġ
½ȴü
˺뿪Ժһλµ̱㹧ɡ
½üͷøƺΪãƬƽ飬Ჽ˵ڡ
*
½߽Ժ󣬱ΪĻݷ˵ۣϾʵûʲôӡԡ
ʱ۾һ㾫Ļۣͷûһ˿ңеƷƣӿ濴ճҹӿɫŮˡ
ŵ˼ȴŵľζ
½ѹͷŭ𣬳һŽ̽ӴϢ
ȴ̧̧֣Աߵ½Ƭ̣ŵлȥ¡
۸Ҳһƣ֥ƣ㳢Ʒζ
½迴һ۱ƵǰľƣôȾƣ֪ʲô֥ƣܵıضǺö
Ͳ뵽۹ŽݵʱȴΪƱԱѡ
Ĭ۵Ŀȴƽͣôȣ
½ֻǳǳƷһڣĿܺ񼸺Ҫѹסˡ
ʱƺɵӣ۲ſ˿ڣôʲô
½˾Ʊ̧ͷۣ֮ǰҪҵһѾнˡ
½ԺΪȡۣ˳ӣҲô׽һĶӡ
ֻǽ̫ǱЩ춯Ϊ˴ѹ̫ӣۿʼĽһЩˡ
һ¹ϵشֻܽŻ߶ȥ
ȻĳΪ£ֻ۽Ҳֻ£żá
ֻܾİ£Ҳû뵽仹ıˣۣ¶Ҳġ
ԣֻһõϢϹ
ĻԺ۵ƵĶһٲֽŵһ·ص˵
½㽫̽ӱϢϸۣڵ֪ɣɵǸСʱҲ𾪺͸ӡ
ҪѰ飬ʵǲֵܷġ
½СĴܲɾµһܾܿ
ˣҲˡ
½۵Щء
۱ƱѾˣ黯ʱԺ󣬶һ٣һ˲Ҳɫȴָֻ˵ˮ©ƽƱľһ
ǰ޵ɵô۴Ц
½迴۽վƱ£ƱƺҪˡ
û˵
۳ĬƬ̣ȴЦøƽָͣص˵¶̫֪֪
⻰ʱ۵Ŀⶢòش
̫Ӱɾͽַ½Ѱ飬ķŮ꣬Ҫ˵Դ˺֪Ҳ˵ȥ
½迴һۣȻѾģƽıȴ̲ɱ
½һʱ֪ò̫ͬӣ۶ճĶȻҲûжٸ顣
ĬƬ̣̫ӵµ֪
۱㲻˵ˣһãһ˼ӡ
½ˣҲˣֻǾҪߵʱȴ䲻Թޣ
½һ£ڷʱ֪˭̸ֺԹԣ
ۿһҲ֪ûţ˻ȥˡ
*
һߣɣҲһƬ˶Ѿ˯ˡ
Ȼķȴй⡣
ʦʱȥؾȻ»˯ͷɴ಻˯ˣڷ˻
ٽʱʱԨؾȥˡ
סĻǴɽĳ¶뼫Ԩؾһξġ
ֻǾߵ˳¶ſڣȥʱȴȻԶ˳
ʶס˽Ų
˴Ӱ߳ӰҲ

ϤºЦ⣬Ӻݶ߹
Ȼһ£ʦ֣
ֵ̫ͻȻˣЩ𾪡
֮ȴߵǰȻͷôˣ㻹Ҫȥģ
ʦȥؾȻ£ʣʦ֣λҪã
ûн»ΣΪǴһʱˡ
ԣ֮ȴֻЦЦûлش漴ͷҴȥһطɺã
Ȼʶʣȥ
֮ȴ§סЦұǡ
ʱ򣬳ȻĪܣʶһƿ֣ʶԼʲôʱԼҲһ㶡
ʦֹ֣ʦ֣Բҡǹģֻǡ
ҲЩ֣ԼΪʲôȻʦ֣֮ǰġ
ţǰʦֵĿͲԾ˼ӡ
֮Щº͵Ц⣬ȴСʦòصǸʦʧˡ
Ϥʦֵģ̬⻰ʱȴȻһ¡
ϸؿǰòϢʦһ޶ˡ
˾ϣ˾Բܻʦ֣
ʦǲôòغ˵ĲŶԡ


 93 


㷢˲ʦ, ȻҲû¶ɫһ˼⣬Цʦڵҹȥ, ʦʲôµһ˵ɡ
΢, Цͼ仰ᵢ̫á
, ͸ֺڵǿơ
Ȼ֪϶, ޷ܹȥֻóˡ
˵ΪǾ˵˵ʵѾɲĵز
ҲУֹʱ, ˳ƳһɱǿĶϻơ
ڵʵѾܽϻƷӵĵزˡ
£ĻѾ˿ɼ
ֹҲֻ͹ˣȡʤȡڶ෽ء
Ȼ͸˵ʵ, ڴһƵʱѾ߷ֵʵ
Ļ˾㲻Ҳˡ
һĻȴȻˡ
ֵٶȺܿ죬ȷûзģȴǶĹ, ˲
Ľ, ˼, Ѿ˷Ӧ
γ½, ӭһ
ʱϵӿһɾյĺ˰ŵˡ
¶ҲɢĽΪƽء
ɼʹһжǿ, Ǵɱĵġ
ȻĻڶ΢΢ۡ
Ķȴûоκˡ
Ȼž֪ʱѾ˽, ûв
ڼ֮ʵָ
ȻѾ˲²⣬ǰ˫Ϥķ˫۾¶ɱȴİġ
ǡۣ
Ľ˼, ѹ
Էּɵɱ⣬ҲûӲƴżأ̤ˮȥȻʵָơ
Ƭ̺ͣ˲Զ£
µʱѻָ˱ģ
ǲϵģ۵ȻҲģ֪ݣ˵ʦֳֵҲ˻ɡ
ʦӦǸĸף֮ǰ½۵Ϊơ
ô̹ȻسϣȻһԭ۾ͶڱصãضҲŹ
ȻŽֽ˽ǿΪģ۱ʵǿĴС
ջָ֮ܽӵ£ȴսķҲΪԨ
ûʤ㡣
ȻҲǴųûɳͽ
֪ݵʱȴѾҪˡ
ȻֻȫԸֽӭ˹ҵۡ
ԤҲûڵȷ۵Ķ֣޷Լӳǿɱ
۱ѾܸĪ⣬ĹҲ䡣
Ȼ·磬ȴƴսپһ˿Ϣʱ䡣
ȥɡ
˶ڵֻǾԿܲһȡʤˡ
˼ˣʦ̸ֽ꽣ĶķҲ࣬ĿǰܽӳѰ취ˡ
ԽתΪʤҲһ
ȻûͬԷӲӲǴܣ·Ѿ·Ƶġ
۵ĵʱʹ׼õһ
һĴ̳Ʊɫ֮ԻΪޡ
ɵΪֻǸСƵûл֮ʱ۵ӱ
ˣ͵ش̳һʱ˿Ҳûеģоһ۵ţֻǻ룬۱ѩ׵Ľâһʧˡ
ɢȥԺ󣬳ȻֻĳѾݲ¶ҲѾһƬ߶ˡ
֮ڣ÷·ȫ綼ֻʣһˡ
ȻЩţ۲ôɱ˰ɣ
ΪûаܶԸۣԷһȫԸġ
ҲЩ𺳣֪ΪΣȴЩĸо
뿪˵ء
ֻջӽƿʱȴȻоһɱĽϮ
æܿתͿ˲Զۡ
ģǰİѾȾѪ￴ŭ⣬ȴЦ꽣ңǽ̵ò
ȻóķŭͳҪ֪ӽ̵ģǲǻѪ


 94 


ʱ, Ȼˡ
Ͳۻܺ޹˼ɵ׷ɱȻ½磬Ǿʹ֪
˵Ҳ, Ѿǿˡ
ӵ, ô˺ҲܶԸˣǱض˵Ŀֻš
ȴҲͿ˼, ת뿪һ, 㳯ıӳ׼õһ
ЩЦݣˣŽ꽣
ȻԤһ
һЮ֮ƣƲɵ, ӵлصƻ
꽣ǿɱѾֲ˫ϵĲࡣ
Ȼһͬ꽣ʹһȴ֮ǰһԱȳ
ò
һ̫Ҳ̫, Ҫ㿪ѾֻܰνӭϣԽǰһ硣
һײ˽ʱ򣬾ͷ·ĽһƬ͸Ĳ, ɲǼ, ĽѴӽһ㿪ʼѿ
㺮, Ŀ͸ķ϶, ķˣͷҲ߰㡣
ȥܿͻ᳹ױġ
Ȼ˶, ǵƽһ˲, ͵س˲Ӽŵ»
֮ͬʱǰķɢΡ
̩ɽѹΣհسϮڽ⼴Ŀڵʱ, »һ
ʦֵ»֮жǿ󣬵ֵܲܵסһҲûʮİա
ֱ»ײǵ˲ǳһž޴ĹΣˣ˿
ԶȻûϵѸٷɻȥĽˣŻһѪ
ȻЩջ»ʱȴ¹һĹﻯΪˎ׷ۡ
£м˵ζҲֻ뿪ֱԨؾȥܸоһߡ
*
Ȼûʲôˣֻһսķ˼Ҳû˿ƣĸо
Ҳ֮ĺô֮һˡ
ЩɻηݵģȴҲ֪ʦµˮ¶һǴʦǶ֪ġ
֪ΪΣ뵽˱ʦɽ
͢ʦѾŸץȴûҵӰ
ǲǴǶ֪ģ
Ȼֱ㲻ۻô췢ӦҲѲ˹ϵ
ˣ׷ԭѾûжˡ
Ҫúÿһ½ô
ôŵʱ򣬳ȻʦﲻЩ΢ʦ֮ǰôҪǸôǲϵһ죿
ȥʦ˵
*
Ȼӿ˷еٶȣܿ˼Ԩؾڡ
ֻǾһ̤ؾԺȴǰġؾӡһȫͬ
֪ؾΪԼִǰϹʱ
ǰؾյգѩϻɹ˼ֻķ
ǵϹʱڲŴڵġ
ʱվһƬԭʼ
һȺߴ͵ȮڲԣѸ͵׷żֻ͵Ŀ
ٶɣý
Ǳʱ·ض
Ȼվȴûʦôؾˣֻ߳ɭֿ
һ·ʮֻȮˣ˵ϹʱڵûƶȵģǴȺӣΪ˺ܶ䣬ѡǿΪ峤
Ҳûаȥ磬ǾסԶ볾ɽּ䡣
ЩȮӦþͬһˡ
Ȼ߳ɭԺ󣬱㿴˷һȺȮ˷ܵΧѾزļֻ
ǵ͸ߴ󣬵ڿӴǰҲԵýСɰ
һֻɫƯĹѾ̲ס͵͵ȥҧˣԺæסһУ·ȰȱƵġ
ӣӦǴزġ
ȻͦԵģҲû뵽ѾԻΡ
ֱһ̣Զ˼ˣ꣬Ҳ꣬׳ʵòʣƤ·ȴҲֻסѡ
żľĳӣȻǴѿȥġ
ȻվڲԶȴûһע⵽
£߹ȥվڿԴǰǱѾ߹ļһۣʡ
ճھͲ˲ԡ
վԱˣûһ˿Ҳ·𿴲Ƶġ
Ȼо֣ؾˣҲÿŶԡ
˼⵽ôƵģͺȻֻƯĹ͵͵ҧһڿ⣬ҧٶȺܿ죬·±Ƶģ¿˿ʮ־ӡ
Ȼ
̲סӦļ
𾪵ǡȻˣ
𾪵ǹΪ͵ⱻˣ͵شųȻͿһʮľ꣬ҲǴƤ磬ֻǺ󱳻͸ûǿ׳
˷·ȻĶһ׷׾ȵؿ
Ĭһ˲侲˵һ
ϹŵԣģȻˡ
˵ǡҶˡ
ֻгȻ֪ڽԭһãȻžͷ׷׼ӿװٶȣΪڴߴǡ
꿴ЩƣǼӿٶԡ
Ȼ̲סЦһƺʲôɿתͷ
ȻſЦͽסˡ
پ£ɫ𪣬͸ľɫݣ΢Щ䵭
ֻǡ
ôôʦ𣿣


 95 

ڿʱڵʦԺ, ȻµĻþӦʦļ
ֻҪʱڵʦӦþ֪ʦĿˡ
ΪֻʦԵʣʱҲ÷ǳ, һգ۾Ǽ¹ȥˡ
תҲرͻȻ, ʱʦ緢ȥԣһǾѾΧڻֵؿˡ
ʦȮ峤, Ȼ, ԺʹܵȴһָģӮ˴ҵӵϲ
ȻôϹʱڵʦߣΧǲڴԾڴܵĵ
ֱӲӲ˴죬ſʼµı仯
*
ʱʦֻһֻδС, Իȴ裬ȮΧʳѾˣʳķΧԽԽ, ֱ˵ĵ̡
ҲûˣԼС˵ʱֱӵһ׽ȥųԡ
ͱ׷϶ļΪŽķһ˸ӳǵĵ̡
Ȼö֪ͬǳЦ, ΪһڳԵ, ôƴ
ʱ廹ûķ, ֻǿŲΪ, ʦʳҲǼˡ
ʦѾûָԭΣųһ, Դ, ԼԼ˿ڡ
ֺЦ
ƫƫʱˡ
ֻǿСȺòײҵһ֦ҶŨܵĴ꣬ƺ˾ſ˿ڡ
Ȼ
治±
ôʱ, վͷ·ƵĴһͷͷϵȮëըˣƺҲˡ
Ȼ
ʶ֣Ҫסǵףָ͸׵ʱȴȻһĿĹâ
˱ۣȹâɢȥԺ𾪵ؿв֪ʱȻһѩӡ
ûعԭΣҲһֽ˵ĸӦ
飡
ʱҲͣĹâҲ䲻׹ȥһǡ
ƾճһŻᷢӣȻҲûע⵽ʱҲͷ飬ƺЩ𾪺ͺ档
ǳȮıܣڿһʱĵһӦһԾ
Ȼſڡ
ǿӾֱֱ˳ĺ˸С
Ȼ̾Ϊֹ
ʦʲôܳ԰
ζӣʦļӦþһˡ
ǡʦҪ³
ʱȴȻѾָϻһ㵭Ĺâ÷Ȼ֪ڽ˿ڽϡ
һ㣬Ȼǲȣ̹壬˴ҲΪ档
ȵֻϢȻ𽥱ıˡ
ڶĸ֪˿Ժظ֪ϵ𽥱䵭ȴ𽥳ӯ
һʼΪֻΪӰŻϵȴûб䶯ֺ
ǰſ͵ʶ
ʦòᡭ͡⡢ôˣ
ԡղһ׾ʦ׽
ô׾Ͷɽٷˣ
ȻЩţֲòǰһĻ
ĬȻؿһʦĶӣǳһԵʣܸӦͰʦĵûбɵ
ʦҲΪԵʣʦӦֻԼĳɹ
ǡ⻷
*
ʦƺҲԼı仯ȻϻޱģܸоЩɻ
ƺ֪Լˡ
ʱ֮仹ûʲôתҲ֪ԼתΪ塣
վԭޱ˻ҲԼı仯ڳԵʡ
ԣ˹е˳
Ȼңò³ġ
꽫ģͷޱؿţͺڿʲôϡŹֵĶƵġ
˻ȴȻڣʣ˭
ȻʱʦЩɣȻһӶԻоʶҲӦǼǧԺˡ
һһϤǱߴ˭
Ȼ𾪾ȻԼǰĳͺȻתˣֻص峤ȮԳճһеĶһѡ
ͷĺɰ⻹ΪװҲŮ⻻ġ
ڽʱȻǴڲ˿״̬Ϊþʱر죬ҲѰ
ҲѾŪˣļӦûȱʧģΪԼͶ̥ʱԽģڿԽʱҪΪҪöࡣ
ʦþΪָɣ
ȴûϹʱⲿּ䣬Ҳֻüʦ𣬴ŵʱԴþȥˡ
*
ʦ鵱˾ˣҲĴںر֮鱦òУĶţʱ䡣
ʦ𣬲˶֪ԼʶˣҲֻܺԻ˵Ĺϵͻͽ
ȻԹŶЩ΢û뵽ʦʱȻͦģֻﶼҫð졣
ȻҲͦԼӦˣԼûȫԼһӵʵܷʦʹת
Щ׹ʦ֮Զ˳ҲϵΪʹϰˣ
*
֪˶ãʱ߾ͷչ뿪ȮʱԺȻҲûʵԽԽǿȮѾסˡ
ȻҪĻ˵ȥ俴
ԣ뿪Ȯ俪µͼ
ʱѾʼˣһλˣһļϣ˵һһɡ
ʵʦַʲôҪǮûǮֻܸ˻ˡ
ΪɽϵĿɣܶ࣬žֱӱˡɣɡ
ȻŻȻԭɣɾʦģѹַôѡɣɣɣɵҲһΨǴӵӡ
ʦ̫͵ˣĿɣɾȻû֪ɣɵĴ
Ҳڴ˿ɣԺʦǮܴһȥ棬Ĵ£Ա˸ҵʳ͸ĴƵһʰ
Ȼ
ʦȥǿϧˡ
*
þʱҲǵָһӼ䡣
Ȼؼʱڵۣɣɵһ꣬ŵͽձ㣬ʦȻʦ塣
Ȼƽˣ
ţȸ˻Ƶķǣ̶̰ڱɣɾһ档
쵼Ҳǿûãʱ˾ѾΨհˡ
Ҳɵĵʮ꣬ԹìԽԽңձս
͸֪һ۳ʦɽæһԸ塣
ʦҲ¶ֻҰ̫ˣҲһ̲
Զʤ壬ҪȡʤףʱҲôԣձʵǺǿ峣භŹ£սʮǿ
ˣǿǺŵŤתܾ֡
ҲǴһսԱ֪ŷ˹飬鵽
*
ͳԺžסɽѾ䲻ĵλˣ˴һȥ˾죬ѧŷ佨˵ƶȣҲΪλߵɾ
壬˳ʥ
Ȼ²⣬ʦʵ̫ǿй۾
壬ʵ˭֪ɾĶ
ȴȻѾģҪ飬ɾȻǼᶨܾˡ
ʱɾʵ£ȴҲలµع˼ǧꡣ
֮ӵ챦ߵ츳ɾʵ˲ࡣ
ˣִ⣬̫ҲȥɾͽܣҪõ顣
Ƕ۵Ұ֪סȥ¡
ˣȥ˷䣬ֻǲ֪ΪԼͶ̥˷举˵ĸС
ȻΪڿʼˡ
ãͶ̥ľ黹ûиıġ
ЩļҲˡ
ǰĻþ·һ㽥ɢȥԳؾӡ
Լվؾľſڡ
Զʦվ̶ˮߣīüĿһƽ򶨡
һʱЩ㱣оһܳΡ


 96 

ǵ, λɼ鳯
ſӰعŵɽһƬ˭Ҳҿ˳
, ƶ˴ΣϢʱ, ɽǵһʱע⵽ˣ׷׽䱸
һʱǲ˹ġ
Ȼ, ʱƶ֮, ȴһ˳ŽǵķˣٶȺܿ죬׹һǡ
˵ʱɽǿ, ʱȻˣ̫ӵ£
ҲǴС֣̫ӵһֱ¹ڳʸŵģ·һºȴָ߲ʡ
ʱ̫ӵȴһʱս, ϲ࣬սҲµѩɫֻȾ˼ɺĿѪ·ѩȾļѪ
̫ӵҲº, 俴ŻǴӴݵ, ǹȴĪ˾ú¡
ɽǷ׷׶һۡ
Ҳ֪̫ӵʱּȥ˴ĳ, ȴ֪ΪδҴһ, ˴˿˿һ곤Щɽվ, ̫ӵ, ݱְȥͨ
δ꣬Ϳ̫ӷ·ûƵľֱˣλɽһ, æҪֻΪԷҲ涯֣ͺ׵ر̫ӵˡ
̫ӵıӰʧſڣλɽһۣﶼЩãȻͲ
̫ӵӿŻͦ˵ġ
*
ĶλɼȻҲûвֻǵȾѪ̫ӵ߽ʱ˻ǽסһ
̫ӵǹӣ⸱ӲΪĳʲô¡
һʱ䣬λɼҲֱģö¶õ⸱Ǳģڵϡ
½վڵһţ֮ȻʱҲ΢ҹۻʱǴ˵ģȥضûʲôô
뵽ʱ̫ʦõӣ²̫ӴҴҶضҲΪҹ֮¡
˼ˣ۵΢΢ЩͿϷɫ
֮վ½߶סŲûֻǲһ
ڸλ֮ϵ۸̨µ꣬΢ɲشЩӣʲô٣ôţ̫ʲôʱ˲ˣ
֮ɫݣǸº͵ģں۶ʱȴûаû˵ԭ⸱ģҲûʲôڴʱĽǵ֮Ͼͷ·۶Ƶġ
ûڣڵɼҾѲԸ֮ĲԾҲ׽ҲûּϢĽ֮ơ
ʱ½ȴȻڣϢŭһر£һʲô°ɣ
ԣеɼҵЩ⣬û뵽»Ὺ飬Ϊ̫ӵ´׺ʹҲΪ㣬ҶǼģ˶ĶҲ˼ָĹۣҲƴǰϲ̨档
ûǸͶ£λһˮ©̫ӵȴʼ̨ˣֻһ侲Ҳûʲô£ֻһ仰ʸʶѡ
˵ǰ̫Ӻֻ֮ƽµĲΰӿ˵仰ԺɵҲܿó̫⻰ʮֵĴ󲻾Ĳȴ̬ƽ򶨵رֳģ˸оҪ֪Ӻ֡
۵ɫһ䣬̫߳ʲô̬ȣ
̬ȣ֮ɫƽͣȴĪ˸оۣЩȴȻһɾӶ˷ӣ¶ɱҵʦãָʲô̬ȣ
⻰һž
۵ɫˣȻûϵһʡĵ̫ӻΪһŮײ
*
ȻϹŵؾҲʹ˼ʱʱͷѾˣʦˮվţ·ڵƵġ
ȻƬ̣ųȥ
ûʦȻѾʶôãڹȥʱʦһֱʧȥ˼䣬Ҳûзܡ
ʶĵһˣҲദʱˣˣõѡ
ӦҲ˰ɡ
ԣͶ̥ԺҵӻԼߣ˳ʮݡ
ʧȥǶʱȴΪĺöģʱôģ
ѣͽܣȴϲ᲻öģ
Ȼ뷨ҳһţҲЩңһʱЩ֪ˡ
ѾȥôˣҲû
㶨˶ߵˮߣϰԵؽһʦ
ȴû˵ֻǿ˫˪ƺЩ
ΪȥʮûͶ̥ǰļ䣬ҲǾñط꣬ӦкܶĻ˵ŶԣȴֻǳĬţһ仰˵
ڵ˵ʦһȹʱһ飬ֻͽܣӦþηĳûа취ȥһڵ˵
˻ǽһöԪݸ
Ȼ£ʦӹöԪʶллʦ𡣡
Ƭ̣ǵŮŨܵĽ𣬵Ҳ֡
ȻƬ̣һҲԣл̫ˣ˺ģæ貹ʦ֪ˡ
ǶӾͷ·ʲôƿ
Ȼ
Ҳû룬ʦͦԵġ
ͷԪˣԪ޸˵ĸ߼ҩֻЩ΢ˣԺоѸٻָˡ
һʦѾƿĿ⣬峺̵̶ˮ
ʦԪӦѾ֪ҹˣָӦҲΪ
Ϊ˱ۣܿȴȻûġ
ΪԭԵʣ֮ǰʦʮּɵҪԶʦ𣬵Ǿ˺ġ
һʼͺԭ鲻һˣʦҲĲһ
ԣ£ʣʦ۵ô죿
ȴûлش⣬תͷһۣʵ㻹ǵùȥķ𣿡
Ƭ̣Ȼ˵ͷ
ǼԺǾͼûзֿѧЩҲѾˣ̹ķ඼ѧ˵ģֻȱʵöѡ
ʦģӦΪѧЩˡ
ֻǡʦô
ţȻʦĲһЩµĲ²⡣
ʦ𡭡
ʳԼĲ²⣬ǾѾȴĻƽ򶨣ֻҪϰڵѲĶ֡
ԣȻֱɣʦ˼ǡ
Ǵƶ㾡ȡ֮
Ѿ²⣬Ļʱĵһʦ⻰˵Ҳ̫ƽˣͺͳĵ뵱ܵƵġ
οûôҰģҪ֪Ľ̫ңɶرŬġ
ֻҲʦĽһݵĽ취ǾܷŹģܶԸҲúࡣ
ۣ֮ϵȨͳ磬Ҳû˸Ҵˡ
ɵʱǿֵӦףʦǸλãҲһݵ㡣
Ȼ˼ǿΪȻвλ˴ڣʦô˵ʦֵʱ̲ס粵һ䣺ʦģ
ǳĬؿһַ·ԼʲôƵģƿĿûﻹǲͬĻ
һʱЩ͡
ȿ˿ڣЩչŸ˵һ£嶼й˳ˣĻǿɣɡ
ȻŰľҲ֪ɣʦһģû뵽ʦܽеĵӺͳ϶չԼˡ
ɣɽĵһţеģģҲģЩ̸ڣҲȷһս֮
ΪȥҳԵˣʱֱʦƭ˵ĸо

ƺʲôǵԲ¡
Ȼ
µ;ЩʦڳԵ·Щô
ȻĬƬ̣̲ס棺ʦôôԼλ
ǿһĿ䣬͸Щ˵ȶȣĻҲǲԡ
ȻĵĪһܿĿ⣬ҲóʦԼҲûʲôƵ۵Ұĵġ
Щ᣺ʦһ롣
ʦۣȴֲϷŹô
̶
ʦͷ䵭ĮĪ˼̧ͣͷҪڣȴʦȻᱧסɽסˡ
ʦ𣿡
ǿԼһбİ취
ʦͳ򶨣·͸һ˰ĵ
Ļһʶ̧ͷʲô취
ǵͷ˵ľ뼫һ׵
Ȼ֪ʶƲ̫Ծ֮ǰӵ˵֮ǰطӵڡ
ʦƺҲ̫ԣ
Сʦã
ʱȻһϤº￩£عæ˼ʦ롣
תͿľݵſڣʦվǶ²մ¹ӷ·ľݶ
΢䣬ЦˣȴûзֺЦ⡣
ûдŵǰɣʦֵºò
Ȼ
ôȻ޳ˣ
оҪꡣ


 97 

Ȼû뵽ʦֻȻ, 𾪹ӭʦֵ߳߹ȥ뵽һĻ, ﻹЩĪ顣
֮վľſû, ߵǰȻһºʹ, ֻȴ
Ȼһ, ƺʣʦ֣ôˣ
ͺˣ⻰ԭûʲô⣬ʱʳ·ǹòʱƵġ
ʦƺҲû, һɤͻصûˣ
ȻһʦЩкε, ׹ʦһѾ֪۶ֵˡ
Ҳûôˡ
֮ȴûбܹȥ΢Ǿˣ
ȻҲʦֵ, ͵ֻ, ҳԪ, Ѿˡ
֮ȴ, û˵·Ƶġ
ȻЩڵƿĿ, ʦֽѩ½, »Щܡ
ʦ֣Բ, Ұ»Ūˡ
Ƭ̣֮ûʲô
ȻóĲ⣬ɿһۣЩʹ»ܹذɣ
֮ŸЩЦ⣬Щ͵ҲȻɢͷҪʦٸǣû²Ҫģ𣿡
Ȼ˵ʲôʦʱֱ˿ڣоĿЩȵġ
ҲЦˣ˵ͷʱȴֺȻʦֳӦҸǸǡ
Ȼһ㶣ž׹ΪʦΪ۵ǸϾ˵Ҳ׵
ʶ͵ʦ֣ûϵҲǨŭġ
ԣ֮ҲһžЦ£֪ͣ
˵ţĬ£Щӵɫȴʮ桢ᣬмʴӣͷҵǸΪûб㡣
Ȼæʦ֣ҲĴ
˵Щʦֵ׵Ҳ̫һѾˣȻðʦ͵ϮҪ˵ͷΪɱʦ֡
ô޳ܵ˾ȻҲۣԼ۶ǿŶԡ
֮Ĭ˻Ȼ뵽˭ɫİҰĲĺǲ֮ġ
ȻҲĬˣһ֪ˣҲΪԼغݵģĿǰҲǴڵģڽķչ졣
䵽˱Ľ֡
ѵֻϵλòܸıĽ
ЩҪ̾ĻΪ̫ӵʦǲǾͻᡭĿɳ
ƺҲûб·ˡ
һʱ飬ҲЩãɫʱȻʦֽһ̧֣ͷͶʦ˫
ȻȻ֮ס֣ͷҲģ·Щڴ͹ƻ󣬡Ҵ뿪ȥһ˭ҲҲĵطòã
ʦֵᣬ续ɣ˶ݡ
ȻƬ̣͵ͷˣ漴ͻعʶԼ֡
ʦֵ˼뿪ܿԶٻ
뿪ζҪӵеһУȥһȫȻİĵطͷʼ
뵽ЩĪܣϲɣɣҲϲʦʦ㣬һһľϲġ
ο׿ЩᣬʵҲ뿪ʦ𣬲ΪϲֻʶĵһˣǰڣǼûзֿǱȼ˸ܵĹϵˡ
㲻ϲҲ뿪ľ
ˣʦֵֻǳĬȴ޷˵ϣĴ
֮ƺĳĬʲôʣΪʦ𣿡
Ȼһ΢΢ͷͿվڲԶѩʦ𣬷·ǵĻ
ͷһʦ֣Ȼǣƺʦֲţֲһ䣬ʦ𡭡ֻʦѡ
ΪʲôԸ⣿֮ͷ·ܽƵģⲻҪ𣿡
Ȼ˵֮ǰȷҪݹԼ뿪ɣҲԡ
İǰʱŷԼôĶ
᲻ӵеһУͷ¶βȥ
οûʲôΪʲôͲػأ
ȻţԼôˡ
֮ȴƺʲôĬƬ̣ΪҲֻҵʦֶô
Ȼһʦ˼Ϊֻǲʦһ뿪ѡ
ʦ˵ҲȫƺĻǽʦֵʦ
ʦ֣ԲҡҪͣȴЩԿڣһ˵ʦ־Ҳˡ
֮ΪѵɫȴȻԵúƽɣ˵㲻ϲңҲȻʦ֣˵ʲôֱ˵
ʦôĻЩЩ˼ʦ֣Ҳ뿪бԭ򣬵ҲϲʦҲģ
һ˵ԺЩľսؿʦ֣Ϊ޷ԤʦֻʲôķӦ
ģ
ǣĻʦûбһ£·֪ô˵Ƶģ̬ȻӰ˷ݵģԵ·̫Լ¶Ƶġ
ֻǳĬЩã·ĻҪܳʱƵġ
˺һ֮ŵš
Ȼ
һ֣
ôһҲʲôȫ׼ʲô˼
ʦϲʱȴһַ·Լθо
̲ס̽ƵĿʦ֣ҪŪʲô
ע⵽С̬֮һӣʲô飿ûʦ־ûϲ𣿡
ȻʦһۣȻǡ
֮ЦˣǾͱ¶⸱ĵı顣΢װˣˣ
Ȼˡ
һʦ⸱߹޵̬ˡ
ʦֹȻʦ֣㱻˾ܾҲô򶨴ݣд󽫷緶ȫ˿ʧ˵ӡ
ʦֿҲûôϲˣҲ֪ʦװģˣڵѪЦò¶ֺ
ʦ侲򶨵Ҳ˿ǡʦ־ֻʦˣ
֮ƳһۣĪЦЦҪҲɡ
Ȼæҡͷһۣͺܺá
֮΢Уôʦ֣
Ȼ
Щʲôʦȴ̧ͷЩ󣬽ͷˣô
ȻʦûôҲ˵ʲôֻϿҵ˵ͷ
֮Цˣ漴ȴĿ󣬺Ȼȳȥɡ
Ȼ£ۻվڲԶʦֿ˿ʦ֣һ¾ͽʦ֣Ҫʲô
֮ȴһۣ˵仰
Ȼ죺˵ʲô
ӡʦʦֵĹϵģҲûʲôĻɡ
֮ȴܡ
Ȼһʦʲôܣ
֮û˵ֻ˺ܿס
Ȼˣģˡ
֮šһ


 98 

Ȼʮֺʦֻʦ˵ʲô, ˹ʮָ͵Ǿܵġ
Ȼֻؾͷǡ
ֻǵ߳ؾĻȴÿ˳Ķθ͢ˡ
ͲµӦ¶ըٵй, ˵ǻΪСĽ¶ը, ϾҲǵһˡ
µòȫԣȷ֮й, Ҳڴˡ
͢ȴӷɽ, Ժں峺㵣ĵؿæʣСʦãû°ɣ
Ȼû¡
͢Ҳû, ŷġ
θҲһע⵽ЩңͷҲɢ, ʵСʦã¶д򶷹ĺۼ׷ʲô
˵Щˡ
Ȼûüش𣬶θȴֽŵ㲻֪, ŵŶҹ, ˵Ϣʧĵطڳ¶
Ȼһ, ѾԵ, »ʱϢҲڸǲס, Ȼܿͻؾ, һֱ׷ҲĶҲЩˡ
θЩЦɫŵЩ˵ڿɣ, ȥҿҷħˣ֪ʲô
Ȼһۣ
û˱ˡ
͢ȴǿû˵忡ݵЩӵɫ
Ȼ֪ȻϢȴҲ벻ѾʶΣϾһıǸҪ޳ʶǲܵ顣
Ȼ˼ŶԲߣʱȴȻŲתͿ˰ѩʦ߹
ʦȴûи
Щɻ
ʦ𣬶θͷ·ĹǣֽŵĻ˵һ飬ЩδҲ̫̫Сʦô֪ʲôЩ˻ҪСʦòɣɾһΪСʦ
û뵽ڶʦģȻһۣЩ֪ʱı顣
͢ȴһֱĬţںڣЩأ·Ѿµʲô
ȻҲ֪ѾʩڸסϢֻǲֻڸϢϵҲһڸˣʦֻҲһ㡣
Ȼ̾˿¿סˣǾֻܼвˡ
ȻҲʶʲô棬˳ȻĿȴƽģ㵭Ȼף̶Ҫȥ𣿡
ĻƺζθҲ˿ڣЩֵɫ˿
Ȼ֪ȥĻûͷˣҲͳ׻ᱩ¶ǰ
Ĭһǵ˵ͷ
Ȼѡ£ҪЩ˵ġ
һΣԭŮһ˱
*
һ˿ɣɴ͵ĴѾ˸ŵˣȻȽľɵšɵĻˣ˵ŮҲڡ
󲿷˶ϴŴ϶Ѿġ
ʦ߽ʱ򣬾͸о˵Ŀⶼϣ˼̽ȡ
뵽ⶼΪ֮Եʣ͸оЩЩ֮˿ڿ˵ʲô£漰ʱԵõòȻˡ
뵽ԭﱻ˱ƵԻʶɢŮЩҲ͸ûʲôøˡ
ֻһʦվһߵģЩȻҪ֪䣬ȴҲôֻǵʦԺ󣬲ŽĿ⿴˿ɣɵš
ƺȿƵģϾǿɣɵĵӣ˳
ֻȴעҪʧˣֻǰ˷粻ضţ·𲢲ʲô˼
ЩļˣɵŶסˣֱվ
ǵĿ⿴ûаֲ׳ǿ˺ѹ
ŵĶͷЩðĿⴥɾߵĽŮʱּᶨߵǰʩһ񣬿òʵɾҲѾ֪ˣϢʧڳ¶ͽǲ֪䡣
ǰʥ֮ҲҵĻ֮ǾͽŻˡ
˷׷׸ͣͷŵɾȴޱţ˵ͲԾС
ǵĿɨһȦô˵Ƕ֮û˿֮ˣ
ԣ˾͸ʹƵĳĬ£ŷ׷ױԼް˽ģֻΪѡ
ȻŶЩ̫αˣۻú
ɫûʲô仯·ͶЩʮ˽Ƶģ̶ֻȻôİΣ㽫˵˵ɡ
⻰ЩΣϾ˭ҲҷԼ֮û˿֮ġ
ǿӵл֮ܵǿ˭ܲۺ죿
ȻԾʦ˼Ҹ˵Լûа˽ģô֪ĿǰҲʲôȻԴˡ
οǱҲŹ֪Щʲô£ֻȷˣ˶֪ôˡ
ҲûһʼݣֻǽαװʦҪɱȡ˵˳
꣬ھͰ֪۾ȻҲ֮ǰŮȻ顣
ֻǣ⵽ֻСһ֮ʣŶж߻δ֪
֮Ůˣأ̲סʵǳ̹𣿡
űһ䣺񡣡
ô˵˵Ŀ⻹˳ȻϣҪ֪䡣
ȻЩ˳ȵĿ⿴üͷ
ƺ˵Ŀ䣬˲ɾѹʱ˼֡
ȻûڣǱȻû顣
ԣ˲Ȼʧ˾̲סѵСﶼ˵Ȼû飬Ϊ˵Ҫɱ
ǵĮȻΪ顣
⻰һҼž˶û˷Ӧɾ˵ĻƵġ
ɾɫȴʵڲͬǿЦ
ɵ𾪹Ѹɵɾ˼ʶ޳Σ
ôأ
顭޳Σ
˲ţɾ侲ӣѾˣֻǵвʣΪɾͽĻǱûҪˡ
Ϊ鲻޳ΣѾɣѾһһˣǵĵλҪߵö࣬ҲҪˡ
˽۷׷׵ʱȴһŵĵܽɾˡ
˰Ȼʶ߲ƣʱָҲΪɡ
ԭЩɵˣҲ˵ʲôˡ
ſһɫĮɾûʲô飬ŵǽ
Ӧһתȥˡ
ûãȻ㿴һɫ۵˽󻹸Ľ졣
˽ŲݣɫȣȻǰòؾͷ½衣
ѾʦǶ˵ˣڷ˽ӣԭǴڷģж۵ͦģ濴ȥǷġ
֮ǰǸ庮ĬԵĽѾͬˣŻȴݣȺɾһ񣬷Լ⡣
Ļһװڵը
Ƿ֮ǰ׷̫ӵġ


 99 

½Ļڵʱ, ڶȻƺ
ȻԼǲˣ˵׷˭
½迴һۣ΢, ƺصﲻ᲻֪ɣʧٶ, ̫ӵ·Ѱ飬û뵽ʵȴ͵飡
Ȼû뵽޳ܺ;, ȻԼĶӶ
ҲǾɲ, ſһ۳ȻԵĲ⣬ԡ̫ӵ
½Ҳһ۳ȻҲ, ΪУ̫ӵ½˳̹
Ѿûбˣ
ǵɵӿ
̫Լ͵Ȼ󻹸˱ˣ
ôĺ¶
ɾߵ˵Ϊ, ΪҪ˵ѣΪ˳Ҫ顣
ϾѾ޳Σһ㣬Ǿûõˡ
Ȼ, ѡվ۵, Ȳ۵ĵλȨ, ԼҲԭԱȻ¡
ֻҪһ, ͻеõĻᡣ
ˣ½ĻԺ, ͰڳһòȻ, ԳȻСĲˣôƭأѵΪʦͽ˶𣿡
ǵɫ, 
ű죬ɫЩڨڨġ
ȻȴûעĻȴЩʦ֣֪ʦʱѾͨˡ
˵ҪߵԭΪҲѾݲˣ
ȴûвʱ˵˷ֵĻ
ʱһѹɣ
ȻתͷʦҪʦȥĶˣҲ֪ڲʱƫƫʱЩ˻ڽҪ˽Ƶָָ㡣
ﲻðֻ
½ȴȻƽ΢΢Ц⣬̹֪ⶼ̫ӵµĴͬɾûйϵֻҪ㽻飬Ȼ㡣
Ȼŭʦָû͵飡
½ȴ·ûĻԹԵֵ۸ʱúÿǣ֮û飬ô۱ֻȡˡ
㡭Ȼᡣ
Ȼνˣʱǲͷһۣ侲ĮҲ΢΢侲
ǿڵ½裬ȴǶ˵ģͿ͡
ž˼ǽЩ˶ߣȥ˵ڣЩŵҲҪģʱҲѾˡ
½ȴվţλ֮ϵɾңңһۣ΢΢Ц£ɲصͷĿӹԵŮתȥˡ
*
˶ɢԺ󣬵ھֻʣ˳Ȼʦˡ
һӿտ÷·
Ȼʦô䵭ӣЩļʦʦĶ
ȴͬ˵
ȻһҲǣϾЩġ
ǵʦֲҪĵˡ
ȻʦһۣҲ֪ʦ˵ʵʦһףִԼԸ⣬û˵ġ
ˣ̲סġ
ʦȴԵ̫ĮȻˡ
ĬƬ̣ʣʦǽô죿
ǿô⣬ǲ˵𣿡
Ȼ׹˼λ
ȴЩͬؿһۣ
Ȼ
Ҳʦܽ췴˵ôײʳ̻ˡ
㡣
*
ɣɵСʦϢʹˣɣɶ䶯ˣҪʦСɽҲҹżǶҪ̤ˡ
ʱɣҲѾ˽磬ɽͷҲۼŲٸˡ
λʦҲΪ𾪣ǶθʦֲûӶɳԭ
ȻȻҲûͬ⣬˵ԭˣϢҲڸţֻɧ
ڽҲ֪ˣɣɵĵӶΪŽᣬθ輸λʦ־Ͳ˵ˣͨҲʾ֧
ȻҲʱ֪ɣɽšŵȼϵĳǺЩӾȻȫʦˣҿʦĹ־ӡ
Ȼʦһһˢ֪Ͷ̥֮ǰҲǸĳԻ갡û뵽Ʋؾͷչô
ҪȥԵ׵Ļʱ˵Ѿ嶼һˡ
Ҳֻôѣû뵽ԼȻ˼ࡣ
*
ҹʱ˯ԺȴȻƿˣѹ߿ȥ΢΢£˯ȫˡ
һɫС߻شӴ˽
ϹؾǶӣʦɱ˲ڿҲ侲ˡ
ˣܿϳ߾ʦֳ
ڵҲûֻ֪ɽȥˣȥˣû뵽Ȼҹ͵͵
Ȼ´£Ѿ漴ŻָݾƵһЦԡ
Ȼ΢΢ʦ֣ΪʲôЦô⣿
ĬƬ̣´ƺĲʮΣСʦãҶ㲻ϲҡ
Ȼôһδεض޶ԣ
Ȼ£һ裬ƹȥŵѻȥ
Цˣ豭һڣϲ˭ֻҪ֮ͺá
ȻĿĪһǲ֪ʦˣҲ豭һڲ裬Ϊʲô
΢ЦſҾ͸ˡ
ȻĬƬ̣һΪʦֹϵܺá
Ǿ棺ҵͷôܺϵã
𣿡ȻҲ·ȵؿҲͷ𣿡
ĬˣһŵСʦãһʦҲ׷ԭˡ
ֱ̫ˣֱû취
ȻҲĬˣû׷Ϊʦ׷


 100 

, ʦҹǰʲôȻҲгżɽʵ
ԣû, ָĦŹ⻬Ĳ豭, ôʾ䣬˻, ŵҽȥ
ȻĬƬ, Ƕ̫߻ǿң
Ҳʶʵ࣬һۣܲῼǵ顣
˵ţ, ˶ȥ
Ȼͷȥ, Ϳһںںߣһֱӽϵľ綾ʴĲݣж߷ʱΪʹ, ·ڱǧֻӿƵ, ֮ûнҩͻ, ӵǽҩ¶֮˵Ѫ
ʦɽʵ̳, ۱С׼ˡ
ҪõѪֱܡ
ɫͲЩ΢һ, ʦ, 㡭𣿡
ЦˣҲϣǡ
Ȼͬ鿴оЩʦֵĵһĶ£Ҳʦֵĵˡ
, ʦ֣㿴ҲûҪץҵ˼
ͷһڲ裬ǲǴɱ𣿡
Ȼһô֪
һۣɾټôĶ۱˶֪Ϊʲô᲻֪
Ȼҭ£ʦѾʼ׼λ
Ͳ֪
Щ֣ʦôʲôҲû
ţСʦӦҲ֣˵ţֲΪȫҲһ֮
ȻɣȻ⻹Щ귢չʵ̫ǿĻҪҲ׶ˡ

Ȼ˳Ҽǵ֮ǰ˵ҪӦһµġ
ʱϣΪ½飬ôӦġ
ȻҲˣ˻̾˿СʦòԸĻҲû취ɣСʦôʦ֣Ҳһ
Ȼһۣʱ˼˵Ц̲סҵȺʦ˵һ
ԣȴء
ȻһͿ΢΢һЦСʦøòΪûɾͬ⣬һܻɣ
Ȼ
ܸо·ˡ
*
ȥ·ϣӣصģʵ۶ȻĶ֡
Ҳһ԰ġ
Ȼƽ̲סɻ󣺡ɱ𣿡
ԣ;ȵؿôɱ˵ţ¶˺Ƶ΢Ц׵һúТ˳ġ
Ȼ
۵¹һܲ졣
һʱ֪ͬˡ
ǵԺȴûʲôսһգĴŵƽʣƮƮһϲӡ
Ȼɻ
ȻҲûϵ˶һۣ·Ļô£
ȴʾһжӵ۾֮Ҳ֪
űסСʦһ
۾һѽҫֳŶǣԵЩãȻڳĽ˸Щ⣬ڳ̬Ҳˡ
ò
˿ڵϲ裬һʱҲˣ
ȻҲãȻ⿴˭ҪףҲû۴ϲȻΪҪˡ
ȳ˵꣬۾ʹˣ
£ȻͿŮ˽һһӣзŵĳϲ
Ůֱߵǰʱ
Ȼͳһۣ˶ˡ
ȻҲſܲŵҲû뵽ܲŵز
һǰϲ̧ͷۣѾЩ⡣
ȴûпƵģ΢΢ֱЩŻЩɢĿڳȻϣͷҪǿ֪ģġ
Ȼ˳һֿۣͷۣԼȻһʱŪʲôΪʲô
ЦˣĳԴаʣôһЦ͸ڴʲôˣԳ򲻹㣬㻹ǹˣϲȻ
ȻЩŹˣԡ۾˼ǡ
ͬǵˣ۴һӣϲѾǵ
ɫˣͿɵƵġ
ȻıҲЩ£˵Ҳ
û˵ʲôͷ۵żֹڴǳԺˣʱЭ壬ʱۺǵɫһܺÿ
˵ţѹֲסڵĹ˷ܴЦ
Ȼ
ԭ⡣
ȴѾ޿̣ﻯһ𣬳۶ȥ
ûзı͵ϮɹˣһܿһԭĽȴҵ÷顣
۵ɫȻҪɱƵģʲô
ȴһЦȻѾûͬϻһ̧˳ȻϵСʦûң
⻰۵ŭת˷򣬿˳Ȼƺмֲ˼صֶԸ𣿡
Ȼ
òΪͬǵ£Ǿ͸øж˰ɣ
ż´ܲ㣬һ̧־ͽ³ӿﻯ½һйͬ۴
ȻҲڵΪԶԶģֻ̫ײУʶͽ̶ȿø۲ˣһʼͼʹȫ
˵Ա߻гʦֵЭ
ˣֻ۹о͡סˣĽ⼫ǿѩ׵Ľâ֮£á
Ҳͷһʶԭ֮ӳʱЧȻôըѡ
ѹ˿֮
ġǷǳǿˡ
ȻԼסˡ
۲֪ҲסˣǵڻûǸƲĶӾȻҷˣԵЩ͡
һԵĳ˸ýʵʵȡļѪԼⶾ
漴תĿҲЩ̾ȴЩЦлСʦõľ֮£硭΢΢ս
ϻһ£ǺЦģˡ
ȻҲ֪ڿЦһƿʦ֣ͷЩô죿
ԣȴûдһۺͽ˽
ȻЩ۵ۣû뵽ڳԺ󣬾м˽¸һ۶ûпۡ
ǽȥҲû˿ɫ
Ȼתͷȥ
ɻ󣬵ûЩТ壬ܿܣ˶ѣοЩҲзչԼˡ
ȻǻȻ漴һۣЩԡʦֲᷴڰɣ
ָ֪ǶԸ۵飬ʧЦСʦãѵ𣿡
Ȼģؿɣˡ
ȴסҹѾˣСʦҲһˣһȥ
Ȼ˿ɫ˵ͷȴûע⵽ҲһҹգȴЩɫʡ


 101 

ȻʱѾ, ͷЩ춯ȥ쿴
򿪵ŵʱȴվſ, , ƺЩ죬漴Ц, Сʦ, ˯
ȻһۣЩĸоùˡ
̽ʶ̽һܣͷȻֻʣʹӺͨ, ױɽҲЩյ
ЩȥĶˣ
֪뵽ʲôɫ΢䣬ٳ½ˡ
ҲѾµʲô, ̾˿̧ͷһɫҲӦý˰ɣ
ȥ
*
Ȼֱȥʶ̽ķΧ, û칬, ֪̽ͷѾйһս, ѪζƮɢڿ, Щ
û뵽ʦȻ塣
سҲΪ֧ѡ
ʲôźˣ˿뷨
һֱڱ
ȻЩ, ҲЩŭ, ʵҪֱҲҪΪԼһЩʲôʲôˡ
Ҳ, ʦֻϰ΢չϾڹȥֻһŻζӶѡ
Ѿͬˣʦȴûʶһ㣬ԾɽɹȥǿŴһš
ȻЩż͵ģȻڼǧǰ۵ʵʦ𣬵Ѿˡ
ϵ칬Ժ󣬳Ȼûȥȱ˸סˡ
סһ˴սףƺ۵ʿȻ鼮ϼַεģϵó
ֱӶ˦סˡ
˱ŭˣҪ֣ȴһüлӡǵɽȻס֣
Ȼһɽ̬ȻˣֻƲؿ󣬵ϵĿǷ
Ȼԣǰɡ
ʦ˵Ϊܣûȥ
Ȼ֪⻰ʲô˼ʱ˵ԺȴȺ˱˴˶һۣȻˢˢ鼤͸Ƶģ¼ǧ˰Ƿӭµˣ
Ȼ£һϵ·ɣǡЧ۵𣿡
Ϊ׵ɽϽ̬ǰηķηȻЧҹģжģ򡭡
뷢ʲôģȻֹʣģ
ɽʵʵظ
Ȼ֪ʦΪʲôˣʵǴboss̫ˡ
ʦ塢塢пɣɵ˳칬Ͼѹˣοж칬͵ͼϤ̫ӵ´ЭΪĹ½Ҳ󵹸ˡ
ҲʣһЩĸڵ翹ܿͱˣҲǿǰӵϱۣʱҲ׵ؾ͵ˡ
ѾȥϹؾؾһʦȥһ˵ִؾĿľǷӡеϹޡ
ȻЩ㲻ΪʲôǶȥѵΪǾҲˣ
Ȼָֻ˷򣬱Ϲؾȥˡ
ˣ׷ʱȴҲѾûСʦõӰ
ܵʵ̫ˡ
*
ȻϵسǵϹؾʱȴֲֹۣʦֺʦ½Ҳ
ֵĻԸҲЩѣ˵Ҳ˵Ķ֡
ʵҲȷˣʱ򣬾ͿñʦһƸˣʦֵĽҲ֮۵Ŀڡ
صشӿеݼΪǱ
Ȼؾʱᣬû˵ע⣬ߵʦߣʦһۣɫûʲôӡ
Զʦýָŵۣ۵ȾϴˣĲȴ£˼ָӺͿ̾ĸȥ磬һֽϤĽ̵㣬ص㵽ɾ㡭ɫ΢΢رҵô
֮Ľûжɫ
Ȼ΢΢һΪʦֻϾ۵ĸף͵ʱ̫޳ܺ飬ʦƺҲûɷɱɡ
ʦ֣Ҫʦֵ뷨
ʦֵĲ𪣬ȴ治˿
˻ȴʦֺЦˣЦݣǼǻ벻⣬ȴɶ˷ݣӣֵǮ
Ȼһ¸Щ룬о仰ĳмʦôԵر¶ԼǺټġ
ĺ۰ɣ
Ҳһ漴Щŭ⣬Ҫ˵ȴƺ뵽ƶǿסˡ
ֽ֮ŵŷ˵λȴּɵڴˣϧȥĸ㱾֮ˣͱװ⸱صˡºͣ΢΢Ӷ𣿡
ʦ˵ЩʱҲƽݵģûаּҵ⸱ƽӷ۸ÿըˡ
۵Ӷһ˺ǰӵıûǰװ飬ص㶼֪ˣ
֮û˵ȴ
Щ⣬Ҫ˵ȴһһԵ½ȴһվǰƲʲôҪڣ½ȴһ仰ҲûеؾôȲشࡣ
һģɾ䣬Ѫûü
½ıȴΪ˵һѾ˺ܾãЦˣȴЦף𣿡
ȻѾˣȻǰѾ֪½Ҳ󵹸ˣû뵽ʵԤıѾðʦʦȴһıҲûС
ǿ϶֪½ɱˡ
Ȼ㳯ۿȥǿԴǲŵ￴𾪹󣬳Ȼȴע⵽ӹ˼֮ɫԼû˵ϣϼĸо
۾ȥ˫ȴһָӵƣڻʲô
ǳȻ࣬ȴҲû壬飬ܿʶʲô
ƹˤһȺ˸ˡ
ɻΪ飬׽٣ҪըؾĽûùΪʹԼҲɢֻתˡ
Ȼû뵽۾ȻôݾȻԼҲܺݵز
Ҳʶһ㣬ҪѾˣѾȻէɳ˼۾ҲҲ÷
ؾ֮ڵҲ·Σգ׷궯
Ȼæֲһ磬۵ʬ˽֮ڣֻҪ粻ƣô׽ٵĻҲֻڽ֮ը
ʦʦֺ½Ҳ׷׼ӹ˺ü
׽֮ǽȴҲΪƻ̫޴ˣڽըʱȫάֽ磬Žڽ֮ûв
׽ٽԺųȥ˺ڰԳԭ峺
ȻȴѾߣǰһڣʲôҲ֪ˡ


 102 

Ժ, ĲҲܿͱʦֲˣЩҲûʲô˻
ڵλʱ, ۻĹȴΪ, ȻԼǲᴦµģʦҲȤȥЩ
, ЩҲʦִ, ۰ռ̳˵ı׼ģ˵ɡࡣ
˰ɾû̫ӼλȻ칬⼸Ҳܿóʦּλ˳顣
Ȼûиов, ڵλ˿ȤûУһ뵽Ҫ칬ÿϳ񡢽Ӽ󳼵ȵһϵе͸оͷҪˡ
, ʦּλ£Ҳôϣģһ
ʦ־Ҳ˺ġ
ոôʦ𿪿Լ뷨ʱʦȴ֪ʲô, Ȼһʦּλ¸
ֻʦûʦθ, , ʦͬ, ʦ־ȻҲûзԡ
ഫͬһλΪԼƳģͿԴһʹ, ܵʹʮ, ôͬ£ֻܸоʹУļֱΪܡ
, Ҳɢ
ͬûʹõԭ򻹲ͬһ㣬µĵطڡ޽ġ
һͬ;ûκηԽ
ȻҲ֪ʦ⣬֪ʦֶ⣬ôֹҪ׾ʦ֮˼ҪʦֳΪһնЩǱڵΣա
Ͼˣô˾ֻء
һĻۣȴ۵һȨ
ţҴҲŲˡ
Ȼ֪ʦôΪ˱ʦ˵ƽֹ֪ܾʦǶ֪ͬʱһоѾ䶨ˡ
ȻҲѾ֪½ʦͽԵף½赱Ϊ˻ָ֮͸ūࡣ
Ժ󣬳Ȼʦæ½뿪壬ƺ˸طչ
ʦеͬȴ޽ġ
ȻЩӣʦֲΪ˵λôģڵѹҪͿ˳λġ
ˣֻԼҪˣôʦ֡
*
ⳡ֮Ҫ̫࣬ʦæӰ
ʦȴֻİΣǼΣòˣִ˿ɣɡ
칬ҲﲻʦʲôæʦȴҪ
ֻøʦһȥˣֻǶʦͬ黹ЩŲ£оǷġ
ɣҲȹȥˣֳȥˣλʦҲʣʦֻʦ۴Ųˡ
ڷΪ˳ɻ۹£Ҳʣµĵܵ͢һ˹ãǱ˽ȥ
ڶθʦɶȴȥ칬ʦ£Ҳʱ֪ʦ־ȻʦֵˣΪʦְ˲飬֮ǰڤ¹󿪵Ҳʦȥġ
ɣ壬ȻҲЩ䣬Ҳطļȥ
ʦͬһȥʦܾˣǸվһսãЩöʳȴûٳԡ
ȻֻԼȥʰʱʦȴ֪Ķ֪ҪȥӺݵϢҪһߡ
ȻҲû취ֻýһˣķй߻һöϤĳĴ«
ȻҲǺûƢˣʦһҲܣֻԹԸ
ˣǵһ·˳˳صӺݳļҡ
*
һº
ϣȻڲҶ̯ǰ棬΢΢ŤͷϹԵķ򿴣ʮװʶӡ
Ԥķģ
ΪصԺճ񷲼ͨǧСһ㸸ĸ٣廨Ūݣżȥȹ֮ġ
ʦָԺϼûһʵˡ
ܲԾ̲ǺܸȤȴʫ飬Ż磬ѾϿȥˡ
ﲻĴ磬Ҳһȥˡ
ֻʣæžӪ⣬ˣʦִһࡣ
ʦһʼֵͦģҲżŹֶѣʱڸۡš
ְֵû죬ʦǿŲֵľͿʼ
ȥӴЩӣ̫ˮҶŮٸ긾˶̲סƼۣ˲ٷìܣûͶߵٸǶȥ
Ͳ˼Ůˡ
ڵǺãҲסôڣүЦǺǵҶһ˺ɴñ
ʦֵûΪصĸоΪϲҪǳȻǿֹڼﶼ᲻ñ
ȻΪ˲߶ҲֻһȥҶ
Ҳûʲôʦֵɧȴˣ
żȻҶ˵ЩȤ£ļҹﱻ˻飬ļүС֮ģǾȤУд۸ϼһһ±ʮǮ
ôģ
ȻʱͷˣʦóһƱʱϢˡ
аɣǮ˵㡣
ˣȻֻһľȻʦֿŹζظЩ³Ĺ£ñܸоó֪ͺġ
ܵ˽ͷ·ͶĹĿ⣬ס˰߰ɡ
ôŵʱǰȴȻһ˫˳Ⱦѩ׽ѥԷҲǽѩݵһϸϸīɫʵҲž͸һڲͬĸ߹ζ
͵̧ͷͿһƯº͵΢ҲЩϤǳЦ⣬ЩҶҶˡ


 103 

ڷʦǳȻû뵽, ֪۾Ǹ߲סھ츩ģοʦֳǵλ϶æ, ûڷʦ֡
ʦȻǾϲ, ֶһЩԵ
պʦֲַãټҲʲôҲûһֳһ, ɵڷҲΪеѹ
˵Ϊͬ, оԼǷʦֵʵ̫ˣرŶԣֵûʲôҪʦֵ뷨
֪ͼĵǷʦҲܶ, ͻһҪʦ뷨ʦʱȴһʦֶĺÿ̹Ȼµĸо
Щ, ҲΪСѾϰʦֶĺã
ȻЩ벻ףʦֻǲԾ˼־нĸо
ʦֵ̬ȴһº͵˵Ҫ, ˳
ĽԷɼ, Ϊʦרˡ
, ڷʦܻһ˵顣
*
Ȼλʦһ˼ҡ
ÿ͵, ʦԺͱò۷˵һѵĻ
ʦֳƵ̬Ȳͬ, ʦָһֶ, ȫûΪλʵӦÿԵˡ
ʦҲû˿ӣ۳ү̸ʲô⣬ܽӵ, ʶ㲩ȴݣºֳͣһ¹ĺò棬дҹӵʺʮøС
գүѽΪ֪ѣⶼԼıϣüֱû˱Լһʱһĸп
ȻһԶ֪˵ʲôãʦֲŲʲôֻ֪Ǵϻ۹ˣڴĦĶѡ
*
ù緹Ժ󣬳үȥϹҲһҲȥˣȴ˵ʦֳէӦúúùӺݳǣʦһȥ
֪ǲǶ룬ȻоƺʦֵĹϵһ㡣
ʱȲ䣬Ҳܺ㣬Щ΢ͷ硣
Ȼʦһš
ʦֱȽһֻҪĻͿԺ׺˺ദʱ򲻻˿ͷǲڵĸо
ˣȻΪʦǰѵݶеǵҲܿʧˡ
ȻΪʦǸ׺͵˵ĻǾͺ׵ˡ
*
Ӻݳ䲻義Ƿ羰ܺãӺݳǵҢԶĺ÷羰ˮ峺ԣǳˡ
ȻȴʦӺݳĴ˹䣬ִȥҢ˻
Ӻݳǲ󣬵ôһȦʱѾܿ쵽˻ƻ裬ҲóԷˡ
ȻűʦȥӺݳǿڱõǼҿջԷʦȴܾˡ
ȻΪʦӷ䷹˲ãû뵽ȴҲѧ˼Сˣԣ
ʦѪҪˣȻȻɨ£ֻЩؿһۣʦֿһҲ˵ˡ
ȻǡʦҪʲôʳģȥ
Ǿʦ˾Ѿܲˣ¾͸ˡ
˫ֿʺý¡
û뵽ʦȴأ˳ȥǸ죿
ҲǲԡȻɵؿʦ֣гܲǺܸɾ
ԣʦ־Цˣȴû˵ƺӡ
*
ֱ߽˲гȻԼĵĺޱҪΪгôӰ࣬ʦȴȻ˳ȾòҲΪȺֻʩ˷ʹڸвû˵Ĺע
ôʦֲǷˣֻҪʩµĳЬ׶޷Ūࡣ
ʦһû£ʱȴҲǿķһѡЩҲѡʵġ
Ȼʦʲôõӡ
ΨһһڷĽӵˡ
Ժ˱һͬ˳̸
*
ǻȥʱʦֻû
ȻȺʦȥ˳ϳڳ̼ʮģС͹ҪԼΪԼóˡ
ȳȻ˵ԼˣӲŷþ߶׼ˣŴ˳ȥ
Ȼʦ˵ҪȻҲľһߵųԣԸµҪæ
ʱʦĲ˷ֱźãе㣬ʦ֣ɱɣ
֮һۡ
оʦֵɣȻʦ֣Ļᣡ
ɽϵʱҲʦһ㣬һʼΪʦұ٣Լ뷨ж档
ʦǽֳ⿣ɱ㿾һǳɡ
ˣȻҲѧɱ㡣
֣֮㽫㽻˳ݸһѱȽļ⵶Сĵ㣬˵֡
֪Ȼ
ӻֻȫ£׽ŵϣ㽫ƶǵʱˮ￴Ű㲻֪ǲǸ֪ΣգȻʮлһĶһˮ顣
£æȥ׽һżͲСıǰ£׽ס˱ĵյͬʱҲǰȥ
ԭվһժ˵ʦִʱȴȻǰ˸ţַסЩײʱҲûиоۡ
Ȼ㣬̧ͷͶʦЦЦ飬֪Щ죬⣬Ļɱġ
֮ЦˣŻ˰ϣšһ赭д̫ˡ
Ȼ
Ҳϡ


 104 

ʦֵĳվȻϵĺ, ҪʦֲǳӣǮˡ
ʦڳԹʦķԺ󣬶Ҳ͸, Ͳûˡ
Ǽϲ, ʦ֮³Ρ
ʦֵȷµģҲ˼, ڼ⼸, ȻԸоҪȤһЩԵһʦڲˣֵַظųүȥϰࡣ
ʦǵһң⼸춼ʦ, ӺݳǶˣʱת˲ţܿ͵ʦֿҪ뿪ʱ
ʦ֮ǰ, ȻҲһҪߵʱȴĪ
֪һͲ֪ʲôʱܼˡ
ʦϵ, Ȼǻ᳤סھ, , ȴûְĴ, ȻҲûɳȥġ
Ϊʦ̸ַ˵ԵʣʦʱҲû취صȻе״̬, ʦҲֳͬһ
ʦֺ֮ڻ˼Żõͬ, ͸΢ӣŬ˵ԼҪƽĿʦ֣ͬʦһƽԴ, ʦʱȴ޷ƽ
û˶Ը˾ԺŷʦֶжֻǶЦͷ䣬Ѿɿ죬ϲ÷ǳҪõࡣ
ҲϲʦֿΪõʦĿ޺ġ
ȴǲͬġ
ʦȴ˼һ˵ֻʦ֣ȻշֲãʦȴѾѾˣ̬û˿쳣Ҳֻ񿴴һ
ԭӦչģʦѾˣΪˣǺ²Ŷԡ
ȴ޷Ϊ˸еˣʦֶ̬ԽƽԽ̲סעҪʦ뷨
ֻʦֲǻױ˿ˣЩʧļ
ʦȴһҪˡ
Ȼͳ嶯ֱӵȥʦˣʦºƽȴӣֻһȴѾ޷
ʱӺݳõļŮţͬˣóȥġ
*
⼸ŮʶģǱǳʦȥģʦѹϣǷȴת
ȻҲûܾǽãŮã͸ദá
ͷŮ䣬Ҳ̻ҵǧС㣬ס⸽ҲûʲôŵĹأͳڵļСԼһȥ档
ȻżҲһȥ
һΣȴΪ˲μĻ
ΪǺͼСһţȻҲôλʦ֣Գš
Ӻݳ䲻󣬵ȴĹˣˣӵⳡ°úַͷˣȫǵİնˡ
СҪǿֵģˣϯҲûôԣȿãǱӸˡ
ȻϯҲȹ뱭ƣɾҲòȵģֻǳԺЩͷΣһǺöˡ
ŮȻҲȾƣԼҾۻʱҲųȼƣ˵ûʲôӰ죬˻յӰ죬Щ˷
Ȼһȥ˼֬ӣؼҵķҢǱߣˣ֬ӳǱҢߡ
֣ҵں߷ŵġ
貣·˵ĻȻҹա
Ůǿԣ᲻ˡ
ЩķΧŮǴȶǲδķ
ȻֻǺЦţӺݳǵɾҲ˽⣬Լ۵ͷͷǵʱҲû廰
ʱȴתͷһۣʣ̽㣬𣿡
ŮҲؿ
ȻһʱסˣӦлûУ
̽ϹӶûϣ϶ûеˡ΢ԲŮЦ˵ˣǿȥԵߣ˵أ
ôһ˵ŮҲ⶯ˡ
ȻȴЩȥˣΪɢĿԽƵģû뵽˼ҳ˫ԵӣŮ̸ʲôԵͲ뵽ʦվҪ뿪ˣȻ˲
ԵҲǰͷˣȥҲҪŵģȻҲͲɨǵˣҲһȥˡ
*
ǻҪż˵ģ浽ԵŵʱȴֲЩˡ
Ȼ䣬ѵЩ˼صЩ¡
Ȼ⣬һ¹°Ĵţ»мֻᴬƵԶһĻƮżֻɫĺӵơ
ʲôȻʡ
˵Եźģһû׼ãһˣϲأ
ȻǶһȥһȴֽźµӣȥָĥ䵽ʲôʱȻߣ
˴ͷͰĶˣæмضһЦл̽㡣
ȻȻûһԵžͿˣˣٶͦģƬ̵ĹѾߵͷ֮ϡ
ŵһȻûʲô˵ģŶĽ϶ûʲôˣֻз罫Ӱҡҷˡ
ȻվƬ̣ϵķ羰ǲģԶڷţҲӳյùʶˣԡ
̽㡪
´ĽӦ
ȻҪţȴȻ˽·Щ룬紵ɢˣԼǲˡ
ĿµĺʱŲͲɶסˣȴ͵ؿ
ʦ־վڻĴͷ棬ϵĹ߻谵ʦֵ飬ȴܸоʦƺЦ
ȻʶؾҪȥȴµļСͬǽһ¡
ȻΪ˵ʦϹԣȤ˼䣬ŸԻ˼ҡ
Ȼˣŷ˴ϡ
ʦֻվڴͷϵ紵˳Ⱦ½ǣƮƮɣ谵Ĺȴл
Ȼ֪ΪЩţ߹ȥʣʦ֣ô
ʦȴһۣûڣڴϵİǰˣϻһƣһƣƱһ
ȻԱߵλˣϳƱǷ֮еľƮɢ㴼ϢҲ͸ɼ
Ȼʵʦ֣һ𣿡
֮һۣšһ
Ȼûȹ־ƣҲһƵܿǰңȴ㣬ƮƮ֮С
˵־Ʊضε˵óԸ
뵽Ȼһʦ֡
ʦֲƣֻżƷһƷѣΪʲô仹־أ
ţʦֵȻȻûʲô𣿡
Ȼһʦַ·΢ϣЩ΢ĻͺʦֵĿƵģһεĸо
ֹʦֿЩڸ˳־ͶֱߵľƱһڣȺԺʶʲô㶵ؿʦ֣ҡ
ʦȴºһЦȴ͸׽ĿζûϵһҲˡ
ɡʦֵľƱ
ȻǸоƱƵĽ£ȥʦ˫רעʲôȴЩţϾʦ⼸̬ȺĽֻʦһ
Щˣ˵ʲôȴֿ˿ڡ
ȴʱԶŵ·˿תߵ𣬵ÿ
ʱԭҹȴҲȻ˹ʣǹ⡢¹⽻ӳ峺ĺϣӰˮ
ǲǸÿʦֵڶ
£תͷʦ֣ʦֵ۾Ҳ·һˡ
֪ǲ֮ǰȵľЩͷоЩ̣ҲѾˡ
ʦֵû˵ͷһؿƵģʦֵĴ΢Ŀᣬԭ忡߹òڴʱȴ˼ֹ˵
Ҳû˵սʱҲû
ʦ֡Щ¶ס졣
ʦȴԣֻǿİ΢΢ȥ
ȻʦֵĿʦֵĴϣﶸȻһɳ嶯ʦֵ죬ͷȥ
ʦȻûжֻǿĿƺƽƺ飬ʩΪƵġ
Ȼžƾƽʱ飬ֻһƣȻЩκģʶȴѣҲԺؿʦƽ
һˮҪ˿ȴ͵رʦ§סһʦֵĻʦЩƵΪ
Ȼ̧ͷʦֵ۵ףʦֵڡʦֵ˼ȴֻ·޾ĵĴ𰸡
˺һȻŵҡϲʦ֡
˵ԺЩŵؿʦ֣ȴʦַ·ƵĴһ漴ƻȴˮսһ£
ĻȻľ˵أԹԵشչȥʦֵĴһ¡
Ҫ˿ʦȴסˣ
ͷ
ȻоҪƵģ̲סƿ˼ΣϢЩ
ȻȻʦֵᡣ
Ȼ죬Ҫˡ
֮ȴЦˣס֣ӵ뻳С
ʦֻµ𣿡Ȼͷ
֮˸ͷ΢磺ȻΪ㡣
ȻŽɣʦֶҲǺ䵭𣿡
֮ͷ۾ȻȻҪֻʦֵ𣿡
Ȼô˵ʦ־Ŀ𣿡
֮Цˣͷһ£ҿھͲһ
֪ʦֲûȻɺ濴һۣʦֶҵ䵭װ𣿡
֮ȴǽпơ
αװ˵ôףȻؿһ̵ۣҲϲʦ֣ʦ־Ҫһֱȥ𣿡
֮Ƭ̣ᡣ
ȻʣΪʲô᣿
֮Ϊ㲻ܲϲҡ
ȻҲϲ˰
Ƭ̣֮ͷǺȻЦᣬҲԣҵˣСʦϲʦϲʦܣϲʦܣϲʦܣϲ
⳵Ƿ⧲
ʦֻҪ˵ȻæסĴϲʦֻ֣ʦ֣ûбˣ
֮ȴֱ֣Цһۣº͵ص㼱ʲôʦѵֺķɴ𣿡
Ȼ
ҪЦô٣ˡ
תͷһҹգʱѾˣҲûʲôˡ
ʦ֣ûȥˣȻżġ
֮šһȻգȻ΢΢һסĲӡ
ʦ֣㡭
˾ƣ߲ȡºͽ͡
Ȼû
֮赭дװһҲС
Ȼ΢΢ȴЩȸԾʦ֣ô뱧ң
֮ȴһۣζȻȻĿɲֹ
Ȼ
⻰ûӣӸǾѾĴˣôԣʦֻǼһ°ɡ
װʦֵĻ۾ȴԼʦֵЦ
֪ʦڶ
˵ʲôʦֵĻ̫ůˣ˯࣬һͲ֪˯˹ȥ
֮ڽϣͷĿͣҲ΢΢
лҪ˵ⲻʱ£ôôա

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