صС˵www.27txt.com ȥС˵
½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ


<Ůټ֮Ʒĳ>ߣ̫

İ
ݲƷѦүѦ뾩ҶŹҶ׶лԼȻѦѶԺ˿ǧжӣϧճΪѦеĳɩ̺ѦҶ˲ò飬ҶѦǿ𣬿ƽѦңȴһĺƽ١

ݱǩ ͢  ֮ ս
ؼ֣ǣѦУҶ  ǣҶ׼  
һ仰飺̸͢Ű
⣺ 




1
ҵԶʮϴ
귽ʮĻ̼̳ˣѦүѦԶڰ﷫𺽣ػһĹݳǡ
ʱͺšȻʻ뺣ݸۣѦվѦǰþòԸ
֨ѽһſһλ˵ŮӼţ̧ͷһɲǣסˣ㡪
ѦҲסˣ벻ĵһλѦˣѦĴٷˣĳɩԺݴ˿ռҵĳŮ
Ǽǰ꣬ķˣϿ̳˼ֲɣҲ˼ֳ졣֮£һȻݵӣһưƳ֮ȥһλꡣ
ͷ˿¶׵ľһˮɫͬɫϵȹ֬Խеòˡ
˷ǣټʹԼĳɩѦζӳ¡
ҲǴԭأȴʪۿ
ǽϺʱڣͷ桢Ӣͷףվĺ㴺Уǡһ绨졢۵ˡ
޹Ѿ߶žʮֵģԺ˿˷飬æ˻ƽ֣ս˵ٷˣүϾͳˣ˵һȥүӵ𣿡
΢΢عǼһ˿ѵЦ⣬С
ޱϤ֣ھ˼ѣˣֱɡ
һ·ˣȥɣýٺúϢһ£ƽүҪϯӷϴء
ѦпЦĸȻҪȥģϯͰˣѾףЩ⣬Ѱ磬ɩнүǳǱң
Ϸһ˿ԲΣǣңүŻȸ£֪ģҳ̣áȨġ
ɩˡѦй΢ЦҵպֳҲʣҸջûüֳ棬Ȼɩһͬţм仰Ϊתֳ
£
ҵ⣬󲿷Ϊ͢ǰƽ׼˾ãŰѾ·ŵ֣֮ھƽ׼˾ѴŲռվðȨʱҵ⼫һǧɣ̫ңԴ˷ѡ
󾪣˻ܵĳ͢ε֪
תһ룬Ȼ򣬡뻧
в游ҽύһҲϡƽ˵ҵһ֮Ƭֻкѡ
Ҷҡ
įɫֱá
֮ǰ˵־ӪҶҶΪβ
ҺҶ֮
ѦȭЩΪβżҶңѵǵ£ѳɹȥ
û񣬵ȻҶҳң¡ʷԱҶӵܡȻҶͿ˺Ҷ޵Ȩ֮ˣҶٳƴʦֻʱ⡪
˶٣ֹջǼ˵ȥͶ嶼취͸䷨ҶС㡭Ҫջᡣ
˵⻰˫Ѳ֪һˮ΢΢뱻֡
ռҴСܶһ̽Ůܣ뵽ҲǧģЩ֮ˣֻǰչ¶ɡ
ѹôģ
Ѧͷ¶Ծӭǰ̧ΪᣬǰȻѦȵͳɤ
ʱˣͶܵļҳļɡ
ѭȥֻѦҴүѦɫ𺡣
ϽһݣתѦȥ
Ѧǣ֣ת۱߳ͥԺλ糾͹ĵܵܣ
Ժ׷ɣ峿ͥԺһƬž
ѦпЦ޵һ꣬еõģϾʱԼѾһǰôʹˡ
Ѧе»ع飬Ѧļյӯӯϲ
Ѧ֮ѦҲûڡϲļˣѦѳ޵ŮҲЯ˷ӻšѦɹһ檡Ůټϼһ
ѦɹѦ˶ʮָˣѦˣһֹˮ䵭ģƵƵƱյССܻع飬ĸ׿ģҲʮϲãæŸˡλļͥۻر֣沨ҲϲԣϯΨһĽģѦȺˡ
ѦȴѦҵĳӣȻʱƺռѦеԺжĴ٣ɫҲ߲ܣ֪ʮһԵⷬ⾰Ȼ˳ݣֻǿջЦ
һһӵùѦеķۣʼղչüѦȾƣСֳܾһһңףֳٳ֣СΪȸΪ˵΢һձ
ȻƣΪֳ֮Ѧ˵˼䳡滰Ҳһ
ѦɹӵĶ֪֮粻ȥһ˵ղ̡ЩСŮ˼ϲƫģֻԽԽ⣬Ҳ˳ѦеĻ⣬˵˲ѦȵĺûѼһ߳
ʱĩŽΪǵѦлʮѣѦȴ˼⣬лĸƫԺķȥѦпѦԳӣþŲӣֱӰʧһƬڰС
پӴƷݱݵĴZһжɢȥ߰˰˺Ѧе˵ϣúãͲҪ顢£λֳλ֮ˡ
ѦС㱻ţѦɹҲ޿κΣ𽥱ݵƢԣЩ˶ZѣѦҲף΢һšüZصлѣԵر֣ء
Zļ򣬱ҡͷȥ
ѦȷУһ߷Ըž鱸ϴʲһΪѦȿ½
ѦȺȻһץס֣۶ɻһˣҿźļɵ˲٣ǿģ֪з೤˼ֹ˳
ûֱ˫˵ӣȻӵı֡
ǽǴƿң˳ңѦȰ뻳΢΢սĶͷȻıǼ⡢ա
΢˫ۣҧ˵ȣҵæһ磬Ҷˡ
˳ҾôΪ𣿣ľܾѦȺȻƿʧԣĻ΢ŭ⣬һ˳ӹҼΣĴβǱȤӦ£ڴлˣ£ӦӦ˰ɣ
֣šۣѲֻšüصڶ֮ҹ**һ͸֪ǻĽ֣
ܸһϵĶ𣿣׼Ǻһ˽ȥ˰ɣ


2
ҧݣЩһؽڣѦмʹҲδԽƣԼɷȻһ˵˽ۣǸ˻ɷ׵ܵܣСӣݣɲǼ򵥵ķ⣬Ѿս˵ԽĵߣŭǿԼ侲Զ˶ְЦǳνġ򡱣ǽ**ǿǿ̸塭
áȻҪĶѾõˣҪǻҪν˷Ѷ㲻𣿡
ѦȵŭⱾѾۻһƸߵ㣬ﻹסǻŭڡرӿͷһŭ֮¶˳һ衣׼ʱģڹԵˤͷݺײϲ輸ǣ輸Ҳصڵء
մˮĶž˳æһʲܹȥĶȻһƬ΢΢߳Ѫۣüͷȴûʹɶž鵣С㣬ŵÿ˳
ڵصѦȵľ˴룬һæ߹ȥŵʵôû°ɣҲǹġ
ǿʹְ̧ƿȥû¡ž飬źүϴɣˣЪϢˡ˵ͷҲص߽䣬ʣѦȴԭء
һ磬ѦΪ˼٣˵ҹȥʱײ˷磬ЩͷۣڷˡĶ˿ڣȻǲ˵ġ
Ѧɹֻǵͷ˼ҽҩϢ֮תͷ˵˻վðȨ֮¡
Ȼ˽£ֻΪȶĲŹΡ˾ѰĴȨ֮󣬾ԴӸعټֵʱˮ·½·͢˲ģջҪ̵Уⴺһˣ̽һ»ĶҪ̣ѦȻҪ⡣
ѦȲ⣬Ѧɹ˵ףǱǳ͢Ļ̣游ڻĸѦҵĴӹģҲһָġ̣͢ٵѦңαڣ˷أ
߲游Ѿʮ꣬˶ˣﻹʲôڼλӻĽ㣬͸µҲڲ䣬ٲ¾ӪֻԽԽԶ
ѦɹԼĶӳ˿ԲȶҲǵѦз磬үԿ𻨸ǽ³Ϊġ˵žеġ
ǳģѦɹÿšˮС̻СûбЩȽڡҹԼý򽿣ģ˩ס˵ġ޸Ѧɹ֮һԷΪأҲܰסѦɹġѦɹһһŮֱǳѦȡŮѦѩѦ޳ĳŮŮ£ɼж֮硣
ȰοѦɹҲŭˣһڵļ˵г󣬻ͼ̩͵ĸ˰ɣɻһˣҲˣ˼;ŵҵҪڹС϶£Ц
һ֪ѦɹԺˣѦȺɻСŤҶʵӪ֮
ѦԴæͷȥͷǡ
Ѧв׽һ˿գѦȺĻȻ紫ԣ⡭
Ѧ֪װ뺣ݵ⣬һȣѦֶ̩һ࣬ȻǵӣҲһͰֳеȨߣȻǽ躽ҵ֮˳ˮȨΪҶֽԼҪ볤˾Ӫˡ
Ѧж಻ԸҶ壬ðǴ£ǰ볯̶͢Ƹ붦̩䣬͢ѾðȨջԼϣ˾Ͳһύ̩ˡ¬ʺҵ̤㴬⣬ʱ¬ʺĸӰʹ˵Զ۰ݴҲ޿ܡ
¹ض̩͵ľӪ룬֮ܣ˽̽ϢѾ̵ǱȻ֮٣Ҷ壬˳ȻɡߣΪѦİҲںݶߣ˺ٻʱ֮ദ֮Ӧû˳ܶࡣ
뵽˵Ĺ⣬Ѧ΢΢һʹʱԼպ룬ﶼԼĺӡ벻ŪˣףҶǸѾͷʧ뵽ѦӿһɷƵҹɫþƽ
Զʮġ
ջغݲµѦмٴ뿪ΣȥҵĹҲǴҵξģˡ
ѦнӷϴǴμѦ룬˱ҪһһԵ⣬ܿһпѦĻᡣ
ۼڼѦܲסԼѦѧ˽¸žȥһţҪתԼǰҹڸбԷ
žѧѦĹϵʶǰÿѦʱ˾ʶ뿪ǣ˹ϵ衣ʵ˵žѧϵĻعʮֿĵģ˵ӵתżԥȳ󣬻ҧҧӦת
Ѧһֱȵʱĩʱڵˡ
ԶԶ߹ȣѾӭȥ
δž飬ֻǰѦкˣվԭز֪ǽˡ
õģֳȥͷʱġ
ӦԼҳ
˫سȻ֪ԼøԼ˴γţ֮ʱܾ˷뵽ôҲƲסԼĽŲˡ
Ѧ˹ȥͷһᣬȻһѱУ
һеĵӦء֪ӦðƿֻȴǦأûаֻץסֱۡ
У˵Ѧ㳤ɩ
ǲǶ㲻ããѦаſ˫ض
ûʲôòãҲྴɡ
ྴ㵱С𣿼ĵڶΪʲôţ˺һֱܿң
죬ԥһ˵ȻҺ֮£Ǽ˶ӣʲô㲻áǼĵӣҪ̳мҵģ˵ĳɩĳɩ˽顭»Ӱͼ̳Ȩ
һѹֵջǰ಻סѦûѦҵļ̳ȨҲԽԼҵѦ޵Ļҵһִƴһǰһ뿪Ƕǣһڻؾ֪ж𣿡
ǻռҵĳŮô£Һ뿪Ҹ׽ں㣿ֻһͨˣߵһѾߣڵе֮䣬͵Ե޷ְɡ
ĻѦ뵽Сĸײţ׺ܿңһûĺӣûû˰ҲԽԽûеλΪ˴ֻСģΨŭ׺ͺĸ·˵µŮΪռµĵճŮռҵճŮݳһλúΡ


3
լۡڶѦˣвÿϧǷ֮ӣȻһ̳ӢܣϧΪŮܵĳֻ̫࣬СԼ֮һƬأǻһӣϧԸΥֻܿ˻
ԲҸЩļʧ̬ˡ㲻ã뿪Ǿ͸ңҶ˵ϴߡºܴ󣬲Ҫֻ۹ںݣǿȥܶطٲãҴȥޣûκοǵǿ
Ц֪Ѧвŵ֮ˣ˵óͱȻõԼѲ䡭
СΪһõĻ棬ϧ޸ܡȥˣúþӪҶҵĹϵҶƲһγɪֻľѳۣڲˣ̹Ȼһ
Ѧ֪ԼֻܳĬ֪ԼǹĪ£ҲѦѿ裬Ǳ˼֮࣬һ
ˣֻԸҽʹճأҲ곣պ󣬸԰á
䣬ٿȻתԸѦпƲסۡ
žͥԺеѾͣԶԶѦк߹ӭȥ뿪ѦԶ˵ٷˣǴլͥԺôͶүôأ
һ£תѦ˵УطȥɣһѶΪУҪþһӦԡ
ʱЩӭѦ̾˿Ψת뿪
ĿѦ뿪תžʵү𣿡
ûŷȥ˵׼ˣȥŰɣū澵һүʲôҪˡ
˵ʲôʲôҲЩЩ£һˣҶϰˡ
žһ룬Ҳܣǲ˵ط
Ѧڸ¥иͥԺĿƫԺӰʧúҲ뿪ѧϲ⣬ǰ˵үٷѾȥˣʱûȥЪˡ
ѧϣ֮ǰү飬ôˣ
С˴ѧǫ׳˵ϢȻүϣүͨҵĹϵϻ˾֣Ժ֣ˡ
˾ȻֻƷ٣ȴֱܾ˾ƽ׼˾˾ƹʵﹱ˰䣬ƽ׼˾ƹʵﹱ˰гۺͶۡѦҼȻǳԺ뷹ģٲ˺򽻵
ѧϣѧǫϵǴ޻Ŷã׳Ļˡ
ѧͷЦǵⶼǴСĽˡ˵ԴүͶү˱Ť󣬳˶еϢͱһ㣬Ĵڣþ˾ջؾðȨһ֪ʱ֪أڴүһõϢͽ˽»ⲻ
ү붼޸;ԼүĹϵ
ѿеĹͷ͸žӪҵ͸ү᲻ƫ˵㡭
޷޷ҵֳҲ޷֮󣬰аҵ嶷׳ʳһģܲڶֻҲԸܿడⲻ붼ȥˣ
ҸүûԿأѧǫŴү˵ѧԾؾϹ
ûƨıµ˲١ϻ˵ȥʰʰһ
ѧͷЦЦӦһиˡ
ѦԾڸ¥û뿪ֱѦȵӰƫԺԺеƻϨ𣬲תȥҪۼЪ²Űġ
ѦҪطȴ˵ȺŵѦɹæǰȥʵ£ôͨһҪã
Ѧɹһ߽ͬ䣬һ·˵УӦ붼ͼԴʮǰѦڶѦ볤ѦнԶڳ˵սήү˵Ѧҵ񣬵ڳãٲûųǵļҵʼ游Ϊ͢Ĳ£г͢Ӫ˺ҡ͹ܲ͢ɷ֣͢ԴݽߣǵļҵͻʧȥԴͷչݽߡ
ס
Ѧɹͷ֪ס֮ǰһ£Ҷҡ
Ҳףᡣ
ѦɹЦҡҡͷ˵˵ĲҶ壬Ҷ׼ҶͿܡ
Ҷ׼˭ѦЩ⣬֪Ȩû֡
Ʒ̫
̫һֻǻнӻ¶ѣûоȨҪӪ𣿡
Ѧɹɫ˵֮ǰΪҲôģǰЩʱ龴ͨ£ڻзһҪϢң͢⽫ľ˾ƽ׼˾̫¹Ͻһ򻧲Ļ̫£ƺ⻧þƽ׼иʩչƽ̨
˵֣Ժ㲻µȵˣѦ￩һ֪ѦȺ֣Ժ˶ٱǮûõĸ˿һӦǲ䷨
û֣Ժ䶯ϢǻˣӦòȥ̫¡ƽ׼̫º󣬻Ʒƽ׼ֱƽ׼񡣡
ѦҶͿִƽ׼ƶȺ󣬴ҵγʵﹱ˰ĵȱơҵиҵĳ˰ʵʽɣ֯ɲƵɾƣΪʵﹱ˰ֻǮΪҵǮ
涨ʵﹱ˰˰ֱӻָص⣬͢ռҪٴӿȥʵﹱ˰ģָصʱѲʼ֮Ϊ֤˰ʱʱҪʻƸרҵ̴ˣѲߡ
Ѧľƶȣָڸ̵񻧵˰ֱӽӹʵﹱ˰Ȼ߼۵ƽ׼͵ؽƽ׼Ͷг
ʵﹱ˰۳һֱ⣬ҲƷ߼۵ۣʵͶ
ƽ׼˰ʱۡʱչ¢ϡƽۡȿԼƷԶɵʧֿԼ񻧵为ͬʱӲ롣ƶõʵ۵ͣѦڻҪ
Ѧɹȿڲ裬̾˿ֻ游ȥ󣬲߲ƽ׼Ҳķˡڼսº󣬹飬²ƶȣ°Ѿƽ׼
˵ðֻⳡֵһС֣͢°ó׵
ȷ˵óɹۣ͢ҲһµǮƶ׬ȥ
ȫ¶Ѿǳ͢ˣǻҪҵСӬͷ΢
ǡУͻС֪͢Ŀ֧жȼͷս͢޲ðѹⶶ˸׳ȥǮãһöͭǮ޲뻨ǮȻǧ򣬶һսհο͢ųǧĹ͢ū첻ôģ
Ѧ˼صͷ˵Ҷ׼ѵǱξƽ׼ˣ
ֻܣƹƴʦûôңڻ̫¶һЩʥĿ̰ӣﶮʲôƺ;̡Ҷ׼ԳҶңھϸ㣬ƽ׼Ļ̫£ȻǱĵһˡ
Ҷ׼ˣλ֪ģѦžѦṩϢŵˣҺѦڳѦɹ̫ܻ֪صĸˣ˹֣ѦϹ
Z硣


4
Ѧ΢΢Ծ뿴ƲµZ磬ȴװżҳޡ
尲ϣɲûûյķ֮
Ƕ尲Ҵ壬Ӫͭ⣬ҵ**½֮ʱһ˳Ǯ£һ尲Ȩ鸽³ҵҵƽ尲һ嵱׹ʶ֮˶ж⡣
Z̳и񣬱Ƿĺӣ¬һҵͭ⣬ȨݺǿȡᣬӲҹرͭ
һ岻ʧԩ裬Ϸһ𣬲ñ徣ʱZʮ꣬ƵòװܻǨӺݡ
ԵʶѦҴСѦ籡Ѧ籲ѹӵݣΪޡѦɹ̰ŮһƶϴZǸļױںݺ䶯һʱ
ǮZ㵽˻㾡ҲƣΪϴԩԶƷݱݵΣȴ¬һ±̸ܶZҲʶȤ¬ҺӴںװ绨ѩ££¬ҵĲ¼ɡ
ϴˢԩһ䲻ѦɹֱΪ֮ױȴһ¸ѦӪͲܵ˹ϵһѷ졣
˵˵ȥϣҶҿ£
ֻǺƣµ̴壬಼ܹǶġȻǲ͢ҲеΪ嶷ͲѦɹΪҲѦĹϵ񻯡ֻǾҶǸù޶˱ǣѦҵڶĶ˼ĴˣϣܺúöˡҵеڶλӣҲΪѡ
ٴ̾Ѧв̧ͷȴѦɹ߰׵뷢ʮͷͣһϵģѦķӿأɼһߡ
Ѧдʱᣬ˵׵ĶˡȥˣУܳ͢θı䣬ѦҶڶվȽŸ
Ѧɹͷվ׼ȥǰ˵Ҷ׼֮ˣԸΥǿѦͲ跹ɡҶҵ£ϵġ˵ҶҲĸʮĶϱѡ̫ʧˡˣЩðɡ˵Ѧɹתȥ
һ磬Ѧ´ΪѦУԤźūʮˣðʮʮӣ֮ãѦƵˡŹֻѦѧϺһźӵѾԣԼ߰˸װӣ׼
ѶߺѦҰѦһ˺ӡѦдѡԼϤˮ·Լҵһҿʹ˺뻴ˮԻˮ˺ͨͨƺӣڶ尲һ½·˺ӹֱͨˡ
ѦѦͷȴ£ȻҲеĶֻѦûԽ벽Ѧ֪ΪѣҲδǰ⣬ֻڴʱעһ̧ۡͷ㲶׽ȵһ˫۲졣
ſʹнԶѦջԼĿ⣬תǿ¶ģǰ
شԭĴҵ꣬ҵͳһԭսԭشĴѽƽĺƽ̺壬ҵѽ뷱ʢΪҵһó׿ڰĺݳǣʤ֡
λںݳǶĴҵ̺š̩͡ǲƷѦһһҵںǮеλ˲٣ܳƵϲƷȴΪ࣬ΪҵиҵΪʿũ̡˵λĩܳơߣٵþ߱һǲҵģ󡢲ۺ񣻶ǳԽ˽׼λŹ
ѦܳΪҵһƷ̵ݷֲѦɹ֮ѦʱƷ飬ڹ˽ʶ㡢䳤ŮѦɹĳѦϣ˵Ʒ֮ޡ
Ѧ;ĹϵѦһǴԹҲǻ׹ݣѦɹһܷƷɢ̫дֵҲڳΪ٣ںݾǺ绽ꡢһ·˳졣Ѧҵ⣬Χų͢չ¢ҵˮҵ
͢ڵ챦ʰζʮ֮˾ŶǶ̩ͽģ׹Ҫʲôϡ̩͹ã̩ûУҵҲûУ˶̩ͱΪտʵġ̡
ѦҴҳѦɹʮϥŮŮһǵճŮճĳŮŮѳޣѦļ̳ˣǵճĴӣѦС
Ϊ̩ͼ̳ˣѦпνҪ÷硢Ҫ꣬ΨһòģΪѦѻԼ
ѦеδҶ壬ҲǺݷ䳤ʢ˥һ׮̸ʡ
Ҷڹϵ彭ϵһҿʹ丸Ϊȡ塣丸ҶͿΪƷУŻ硢ҳ϶غѦ游ʱλѦ֮񰮡
Ѧƣһֱǳ͢صƴʦҵĹһֱӯжȡ֧ƽ⣬ӶмӡϥӣѦɹȴ;һֻ̽ϴչͼѦŪīУ۵ϸ㡢ƹܲ˰ȴδƹС֮֡ƵĻӪʮĸȴˣһѦΪƽ¡
ҶͿĳѦϲѦĿ࿴˶Ϊӣһֱһļ̳Լڻ²ϼףѦڲ˰Ը
˵ҲɣʮǰѦҵճѦɹ޳ϻ£ٳδ輣ȴѦΪҶͿסֻĵȻʹ裬ѦУ档
ѦȻ˶вﱲճѦɹȴٳδеӣӵҿһ£ѦеĽ־棬ǿ֪Ѧϲ顣һǵСǿƣһѦҵճļ̳˽٣ν˫ϲţѦʮָˣҶͿ˶Ů׼ңպҶҵĳŮѦҵĵϱ
ҶͿŹϵƷݴʷسߪɣʱҶ׼裬ҶͿ᲻˶ھȣЯһͬΣҶǴʱǰݵ彭ʹϡ
棬գ꣬ҶͿڵȵ͢گسʥּߪƷɡϧвƣһװ;ȴұ꣬ҶҵĹٴҲдȻĿŭţ㸲ãã彭֮ϡ
ҶͿ˫Ҷ嵱ʱףϴԺһλˮԵ˱ϣ۴㸲֮ʱ˱ӹһ١
Ѧʱأŵõجģֱּñ徣ԣѦҶŮԸѦ顣
ҶѦңѦ״
ӱҲȥˣѦѦȥȴܿҡѦҳѦɹ;ʮ̳мҵһĴ̣ҵ֮ȴֵܵļʣڳΪٵĶӺӶһΪ˼Ҳֵòɿ
ѦҵλߵľѦϳִ֣ѦںݵĲҵ鳤ѦɹͬʱճĴѦϮѦƷ³عľλɽһ̳УΪƷ³ǺڳƷУͬʱ̳Ѧڳ˵ĲҵΪƷϵϿݴʷѦΪûλûֻѦھǲҵѦɹͽ⣬չϵӪȦ


5
Ѧ̳Ѧڳ󣬺ܿͷ˶ҶսҶҳҶϣҲѦʮ۰ﱲõҶ͵ǿԼ̳еŲԼ档ѦҧѦǽҶĶҲǵճҲʸ񣬶ҶǳʿҶھ뱾ֵܽ飬ҶңҶӦڳ˳ɳ
־࣬ڼҶҲαʾҶӦ丸׵Ĺ˳󣬲Ӧǧ֮ĺݡΪƽϢҳ󣬱ʱˣҶӵԸԴѦֵܲûޣֻͬ⾴İš
ں꣬ŸӦҶ壬òٴԶ㣬Ǩˡ
˭Ҳ벻εĳ֮;Ҷһʹ
͵ĳʻϸؽʱһΪܵˣȻ书ǿǱϾز죬֮²˳ɢҶ˵ҲֵشļѲڣһ˵ȱ°Ϊʡ
Ϊ̧ܱҶƽ˶ǲҪģһǳ͢Ա׾죬Ҫۡ¶ݣƾѦҺ;ʵٸߵҪҲ𣬵һ¶ʾͲͬˣⲻǮ⣬ǳ͢⡣
ҳ֮󡢾Ů°ǹȻͳ͢ԣˣԳ͢ܣȫǧ˫۾أ͢ˡ˳̸ּ֮͢ڷˣҶ˵ĻѸɱɽΧ˸ˮйͨ
͢߸ϵİ̬Ҳŭˣ˫һ࣬νܳԿΪ׵һŭ֮һҹҶСָһؿϣ͵ʱɽĽʣв粻˱ҶСµԬཫ󾪣ҹɸ봫೯͢
ǳ͢ʱﻢ£ܲʱݿͶҹɫǿܾ˵ȻãȲ´˾׷ٸ߹ٺ»ʹҶҺѦңϾ͢Ƕϲܶġ
ҳ͢ѵصģõſӴ򣬺ս˼ʱӽʱڹλɽıݣҶȴûӰ٣ʬԬɽպһɽ﷢һϢҶ塭
Ҷص󣬾ҲǰٰԴöŮ졣ССͱԴԺԸù쳣ͬ˸Զ¡жȡ
µţЩϵĴڻǱĵȥھ㲻ˣϵ˺ۣȴԶԶӰΣѲ
ν巢֮ĸһˡԡ塱͡ТµĴҵвȱΪˡвȱʿӼʹʿڣҲѷ٣οǱΪӹŮӣ
ŮԵ̥ǻ룬ΪݣοҶԵĲָ½֪һî˾ҪȢΪϱѦʱùġѦkҪ̳ľλģȢһλȱŮΪޣҶ屳ʹٴϵҲ벻ķۡ
Ѧɹȴûĳɼ̳ѦɹЩҶ塰ȱꡱĳǻĵӲϣƺ϶ϱѡҶסںѦѦүѦ˾Ͷ۵ŮޱֳͬһϲŵڵѦ˳϶Ϊ⡣
Զʮ꣬Ҷʮ꼰֮ʱѦϷ򸾾ƸԼҶʮ㽫ӭȢţΪѦҵĵϱ
ѦѹƷɣ뾴ͬһӪڶѵǣѦɹƸ֮ǰԵѦòѯʹ
ϾҶѾ󷽡ׯţһλöϱľѡΪѦֵ֮鿼ǣΪѦ֮ͬ룬ҪȾѦأϾϿûкҩԡ
ѦҶ峤󣬶ʮģÿ¶ҪΪĳѦk˵ýʱ뵽ҶֵĲָȴ
е̣ʵ뽫ҶָѦѴ轣Ҷ廹ҵˣֲӵ档Ϊýֿ˿ڣϾѦ¡ϱĳŵǣ˽֪
Ѹ˵Ķ˵ˣӦѦԸΪѦkҶ£ͲѦɹƸѦҲϰ£֨֨󲻶ʱѦkȴͻȻ鷿򸾹£ȢҶ壡
ѦһʱҲסݺݵİѦkТһ֮лġ⡱ֳ鶨ڣ䡣˵Ѧk󻹵Ҷı˽һ£ֵǷꡣ
ÿЩҶѦӵĴ½½ѦʱѦɹ󶼻˻ǻ۷׷ף鴫ȥǻζѱ档
ѦдʱһλݡɣСֵǹҡ侲ҵҲʮУԶԶԽͬˡ֮λֳѦȣȻҲҵţμ穣ѷɫ١
Ҷڳʮ꣬˽²йκϵл棬п͹أҲЩҥĸ̬й֮⡣
ΣѦжӡ󣬻ͣʮǰҶڸоסʱѾãһеĺۼģʱ꣬ﻹǵࣿ
ʮҶϢҵλֵԼഫţЩʤԸȢһλݳ׵ĴҹСұ񣬶Ըٺͳ˳λ֮ˡκιϸ
ÿαֳ뷨ʱ˫ѵ⣬ҲԹֹѦɹƸǻʧܸա
ѦԤ뵽ѦkưոݣҶĴֻԽԽңȻѦk¾ͳˣ³çʵľٶѦǲмһˣϾҶšĸ֮ý֮ԡţЩѲ˸ϵʤ䷳ѡ
ķҵģֳѦȼ뺣ݴ˿̡СŮĴ顣
ӦŮˡ
Ѧռϵĺ飬ռ˿Ĳ˿Ѧ䣬ͬ˿ƷҲѦҵĻˡ尲Щҵξģޡټáɣá˹Զ⡣
ԶҵҲڶң˵ռҵٲѦҵĶ
Ѧҹϵ׺Ѧʮ붦̩ѧϰʮ꿪ʼ̣ʶĵһ̾ռүˣȻҲʶռҵĴС
סĶţԾҲΪϤԵѦкͱ˻༸䣬ȴĲĻ⣬ʹҪ¿˵һƷģҲĴյʱ⡣
һļѹӣһ޶μˣ쳤վõദβ㺣Ѧɹ㺰ͨ󣬱ֹ˵ļ뽻ⳡνʤ
˶׼гδ׿ϻˣֹܷ񣬾Լĸ顣㺰ӿƣƽ֮γһʮ΢ϵѦ¶֪һֻǲ˵ơ


6
ģֺֹѦһˣѦȶһġֵ֪ܵ˼ֻѦУռҶѦҵ̹ϵܿѦȣǶѦ׵ڣֻܼȲԾܾҲ˳ܡְϲµĹϵȴѦȸܡ
Ѧɹϣһ߽ѦҶĻԼһ߽ľ߼尾һүУ֪ǺȶԣǳõĽʧ˷ִ磬ڱ˵ϣҹŮ׼ҵĻ
ܺͻѦʮԸ⣬Ҳ֪ѦҶŮ֮£Ѧɹ˵£ѦУĳѦȡ
үεȴѦɹԱѦλѦɹϲһϯѦĻ¾Ͷˡ
ѦȺĻԼԳšĮѦ븸֮䱬һβСĳͻȻͻƽϢҲʹѦɹ˾ֵܻµ뷨¶ŮԼĲãͬʱ˾뺣ռƸһ󣬼Զʮ꣬ͬʱΪӾٰ񣬷ֱӭȢҶ
˭֪һٽʱѦȴһȥ޵ĺ飡
ۼӵĻڽѦɹΪѦһ˰ѦȵĻҲˣֻ֮ΪѦȺ飬ԴкȾԶΪɣӺҶĻ¡
ѦɹھøҲǰ취ԵŵӺһ꣬ҶʮӭȢѦŴӦغݡ
ӺڲѦеĻ֮ƣΪҶʮ굽ʮ꣬ǰʱҵλֵܻ߾Ӽĸ鿪񣬴ȶ÷ѱʲô飬һѳɴľѳۣԻ˰Լġ
Ѧֱݣȴ﷫ֱˣվڼװ̲˺ӣֻܿˡ
洬ĶֺʹѦһһĺ֣ټ⣬һ·˳磬˳һ˵Ȳռﶫ尲尲˴ҵ㶼ú͹һ£ҲǷΪǡʳǡ֡
Ϊشҵеˮ½ͨŦ尲شˮˮɵƽشƾˮ½ͨѸٷչɴҵһָľöС尲ݺʮ֣ˮ·ܲͨ˿ڰ򡢰ҵ̼ң䷱ٳ̶ȣϹй֮޲
ѧϺȻСѦĴ̣ںڵأҵһԼĶٺΰ尲ɣ֮ٵķɣ󶼳ƽǡԺƽ尲ʮ֮һķһ̤尲رʮֻϲȸԾ档
ѦпȸԾӰٿ尲һɹķٲʢĿغݺҶҺ´ѹ֮жʱһɨգΪ泩ԸִѴͣúϰ尲漸졣
ĵһջܱ߻ӦĵشˣѦб㾶ֱ˽ȥҪϷƹҪӦϺߺȻһƹģϷҪõģ
ѭȥֻһλ꣬׶ۣҡȣķȲ߸һλִ꣬Ӧ
Լү⣬Իû˷ݵɣһʱۣѧ²ŻعͨԴ
Ѧп֪˷Ǹ尲һظƼҲ¶ˣɨһۺĿջص̨ϡ
⡭⡭λӣǲɣСʣϷǰλȵģӦѡλǵѡһ£ҽеСһؿΪֹƹЦ͵ˣ˵µˮ©ҲѦЦЦ
Сǰ·λȴûŲţǰѦ˵λӣҲǳ⣬ҵҲǷ糾ͣҹ·ͬƯ֮ˣкãһϷ£±Σ
벻ȻȱѧϺԶһ£ྪ̾
ѦЦЦ˵ջֲֻʣ䷿ƹҲ˵ˣ෿ѡαطҪϷء㿴ˣлŮ죬ܲǼһ˯ɡ
λӻûӵˣҼҹֻҪһ䣬ǻ䣬Ҳ㹻˰ɣľǼһأ
񣡡
λѵһ䣬ŵͷ
ȻӲ㣬ҵסǣˡ
ӣѾ˺üˣϷܲίСסµȷɡ˶С˵϶˼żɫ
ѧϼ˳ѦеĶ˵үƤ˯ĶԣסϵȷͺˣǼøλӰɡ
ѦҲŮ죬ҲһǣѧϼȻãҲ˳ˮۣǰס׼뿪ˣŶеҲŮ죬ȻˣҾóһϷڷֱۣƹǢɡ
ƹԭΪλӻụã˫ˣճʱĻŭţϵЦ˼֣æԸСΪ·
ǽ¹ӼѦãѦеֺøǰ˵³ɹӹգ֪Ӵպñ𡣡
Ҽү
ѧϸ³֣Ѧоͽһס˵ºС̣СС벻ù˷ۣһϷѣһȸˡ˵ţ͸С뿪̨¥ȥ
ҲԣǵͷӦٴιָǡ
Զѧϲ⣬ʵү֮ǰһʾ˰˵ģҪľǴáԵڷˣ
ǰӴˣ඼ǺѦͣ˽ܵѣǳ⣬ȲҲǷѣֻ·˵أαʾˣ˵Ѧ⣬ȥǡ
ѧϻȻæͷӲ
һ䷿ѦֻѧϼһˣҺϷطһ齡ѧϷĲѦкԣȥ˯λһ¥ͨ䣬϶Ըһ¡
ѧϣίˡ
ίұӦúүסһģܺúñֻϲͬ˯һݣҲҶס˯ذ嶼ԣڻһ齣Ѿ㹻ˡ
ѧϰôģΪ룬ŮһиΪƸȢؼң
ѧһ˲˼Ƥ񣬡ҪϲһλҳĵŮӣǾȢ԰ɣøˣ
ǣáֶˣ֪Խһ޸㣿
Ҫѧǫ޸ңѧǫˣȻãҲʵϾ˴үʮ꣬ѱѧ˵ʲô˼ⲻǲȻүѰ˸õ˼ңȻǲұȽϺãҿɲͷ䣬ٺ١
ߡСӡ


7
Ѧѧ˵ЦȻһ
Ȼܱ˵Ƿǣ˵ԣ˾ˡ
ԣ𣿽ɣѧӺһ䡣
У֪ɷһ𡣡
˶ˣôѲѦзüһ˵
ºѧϾͺС衣
ӣ߶ˡڲ֪ԭͨԷһ¥µǱסʣúѾˡ˵õһγԶţ尲֮ذҵԱӣ²ģ˻빫ӶӦвףʱ¸м
ˣͬǳ⣬·ƽԵε϶Ǻأ±Ĵ治ˣòͱݱ𣿡
˵»ǴϿһġλһֲ֪ĸˣԸȴʮ桢ˬһλ޵֮ͣأ
ѦеͷЦЦ˵ɹӴԵ
ãӹȻˬ졣ӲԸʾˣҲǿż䶨һϯ粻⣬һԸ㷹ɺã
ʢ飬ҵȱӦֻܾ³尲ðһЩʲʱأͲϯˡʱ̡
ԭӣȻҪ¾Ͳǿˡ
ѦбѧϺԹ尲ҹУ尲ͺһѷϳڣҹеƻͨ磬ԭϷԣ㼯˲ˣ飬ַǷ尲Ҫһǵ尲ҹС
ѦţǰȻһĴ󺺣ۼҪײѦֽýˣѧϺֻſĿĻʤһʱܲݺݵײڵءҲײˣ񱼣תʧȺ
ǰ׷ٲ滹һλܵŮӡٲѧϸմӵ˦Ĵǰȥ
ѧҪش𣬻ȻһǮǮأöСǮ򽻵Ѧһ˶䣬תѧϺ͹ٲȥ
ǹٲǮݸĹʵ㿴ǮǷ㱻͵Ǹ
Ůæ˹ȥϸȻͷԣѧϴһȦ˵ðòãһ벻Ȼһ
һʱһѦǸһĲƷѦ˴ӲȱʳοѧСѦѦġӡǲȱǮھȻԩģһѧϣӭǰ˵λͷдˡƾʲôԩ
ٲǮ׷أҲ¶ˣǰԲϢˣǰ׷һı뺷Ĵ󺺣λСֵءҿ֪㲻߼޻ѡ
֪ǲһģת߶ѣۣǮûغãԼ˳˭
ôԽ˵Խˣ˺۸ǲǣҪۡ
ѦмԼ˳˿æǰֹԣ˵λ̣λҵӣ¶ʮ˽ǶȻС֮£ҲȱǮãҲʹ֮ˡеǮϳˡϸ壬ȻǷƷ˹ӦҲ֮ˣαϳ£ʧء
Ѧôһ˵Ůӵϸϸһ᷽˵Ҳò֤ݣ˵ʲôʲôСǮҲˣ
˾ˣǼүѧϵǸֵԲˡ
ԣˡѦаֹ
ǡ
ҼŮļ˸λСŮλǸ
һתöɤԾÿһ˵˽
ֻȪ֬üԶ죬㵤üȴ͸¶䣬һ°ɫȹ˿ȴ䣬ӳĳ޵ɫ
֪ΪѦĪԴһϤĸоϸ֮ȷȷʵʵһİס˻ǰ˵СˣСŮһЩڽǣǸȻѽ⣬С㲻һǮĿȱʧԸⲹ벻֮Աͽ⡣
Χ۵˼һҲûɶֺÿģɢȥٲҲ뿪ˡ
һѦеĻⲻ޶˶˱ҪǮĵȴѧһסơƣү˵˶ٱˣۺʱһҪסզզëɶʱܸĸġ
ѧϵĻƲС죬תȥ뿴
ˣЩǮΪǣο޹أƷѣǸˡŮӺܿջѦϵתŮ˵磬ԺҪǷǣԩˡ
С㣬Ҵˡ
߰ɣ͹ԼʱڽļģʱˣҪʱ˵žʹŮ뿪ˡ
尲ݺʮ֣ͷӿʱ½·ͨˮ·ͨ˽ܲˮ·۴ҲΪҪĽͨߡ
尲ҹлؿջݵҲһˮѦͰһδ׼ںʱҹɢʱˮ·ȥҲٿⷱ尲ҹ졣
֪찲ŻԵעʱҹɢʱѦкλŮٴͷΣȴǶԷ鷳
ѦпͷߣŮϾǽǵɫ˴ˣ½·֮ӿز죬޷½·ȥС㵹侲Ѿȴȹϵϡ
ҹ£Ѧٴμ˵ĲգһΣϤĸоǿ˼֣ǺݣضѯԺδ˵ѦҵġֻǴ˵ǧ֮尲ԼڴżݹʽĸδҲ̫Сˡ
˼ԳԼ飬˵ֻƶѣǱ߹ȥкС˴ڣ
Է΢㶣ȻҲû뵽Ⱥﻹط꣬Ҳӹһ˿ǳЦ벻ϹˣҲ˴𣿡
Ҽү󴬡ʮһҲû졣
µûڣֻǰѾԤһδᴬѾڵȺˣ֪С㷼Ӻδ£ͬһ̣Σ
û뵽ԷͼϽСһߣ˵С㣬ɫֲԣǻǲҪİ˵Ĵɡ
ֳм뿪˴ڣҪֳؿջǻûȥ֪ѰǣʱҹҹϾɢˣʱϵ˻ԽԽ٣ǹŮڴ˵ȺǸȫ
ǡ
λǵ²δ֮¾ͼסĺջ尲ģһ·ȥǵƻͨУ´в֮ģҲҹȻװ
ҲסĺջѦô˵Ů¶־ϲɫ


8
ĪλҲסĺջǵͬ·ˡѦй΢Ц
ԼԷǶѦйǣӻҼүǺģѾһˣѲɻҪǵڶΣ
ˣĲǡ
ӡʱ쵽ˣҹϾҪɢٲһˮ·ҲҪڴͷһֱϴΨɢ߷ڣѦкŮӵĻ
ҲȲˣ￼׵𣿡
Ů˻ᣬ¶˵ˣ͹ӡ
롪
ϾŮбѦаѴø˼λŮӣѧڴͷһ·档
үСһ²ɷ̣
˵
˵Ӧùʶ¿ͣҲǺܶΣⲻҪˣƽʱдҲİȳΪζλ
ľԴλһ˼ҵĹᲢۣ˵ʧˣѵϵļȣ˼Ҷڽ˵𣿡Ѧ˵ʵףʵǹ˵ϤУˡ
ʱѹҹɢ尲𽥹ڳĽΪ׵ҹƽһҡ
Ӻδ῿Ŀĵѵ
ѦϰԷλС˴ҪСǰ˵ʹӹգηʿתֳл
С̣Ҽ˴ݡ
ӴԲӣɹӲǰӣͶ˻ݶ飬ȻҪӲҪСŮӳΪ֮
С㣡ɻˣҺ͹ҵȶӰȥء
˵ţſںȻλӣѦϸ֮£ɲǰλô
Ŷԭӡãһ𣿡
ӣ֮ҺС·ˣҵͷʱѾ˴ڣҺλӵδǲŻص
ĻشЦȷԵҰչǣ벻չϾˣ
ԭ÷ǵӣ۲ʶ̩ɽĪ֡Ů΢΢
ѦҲһ£ԵһţھȻ汻ˣԭºǣˡ
Ů΢㶣Щ㵡
ͿڼһֱСˣƺﷴϰˣ
ŶԣӼЦˡٴǳЦȻûɫ
ӣҸձһҹûһСüȻˣһɣҲлûĶ顣
Ѧ֪ƴҲ˵ȥӦˡ
˱ģӷ绨ѩĵǧ磬ĵ尲˼ʢ̸
Ҫ˵尲ٷ٣ҲЩн綫ߵĺݳǺͶϷͩݳǡأϰ˶̡Щҵʮݸֹ﷫Զ㼣̤鶫ԼأǺĽ
ӼǳʿգӦ÷Ǹ󣬺αȥĽ֮صı񡣡Ѧоһ΢Цʵ
µ治мѪԵմЩˣʲôСӸԲӣ֮صóףҳҪ˰Դ佻󣬶֮ٹ֮֮ȡЩͷʥ飬µĹţ֪Щ
벻ŵҲ֪֮ģѵáѵãپһˣλԺҲһЩǵݣ
ûУ
ѦеĻʳڣﲻӻػһڻؾȻóʱһεУһʱ֮Ҳסˡ
Ѧм˳ЩƣĪʧԣǹﲻˣ
æЦŶûûУֱֻڿ죬ӲҪ⡣ݳǣȻǸõطϧ˾뺣ݺֹǧԵðˡ
Ѧ΢ЦףյԻ֮Ը˹ȥ
һֱʱѦкЩ΢աͻط䣬ʱѦм뿪
׼طѦȴס
ֹסŲͷ
һֱ֣֪Ƿҹк˾ʱˣˣ´е֮ҩԽһЩȥ
ûУ
һӲĻؾѦд˷סˡ
ӣֻԾнжѶѣδˡӽˣЩðɣһطȥˡ˵ͷ񣬾תȥ
ѦеӰʧⲽطϸ֮ԼҲЩðʧˣƽʱӲȥı˵ģڲ֪ιʵһʶʱİŮⷬϸԳһһݲ֪ιʲϤɡ˵²ŻƽʱЩΨֻ֮Է磬Ӧûмֵġ
ѦСܴԾǳ⣬˯ᡣ˯²һOO@@ĽŲѣ۳⿴Ӧʱĩʱңٿ֮ϣѧȻսŷ⶯
ѧϣ죿Ѧѹ˹ȥ
үĪҪģ󱲣ѧԼԸ㶨
׼ӦԣȴýŲԽԼķţǰӴȥ䷿Ƕ¥βŵ䣬ǰͽʣһԷѦóģסѦףԭ˵Ŀ겻С㡣
үԷǳСȥģҲ֪ʱ˲ûǵʲôˣϲ֮
֮֮£ǲܼȡΪݾߣѧӴȥƵԺ֪ͨӣβǣĿãΣˣұȰ¡
үʹãΣյȻѧȥ֪ͨӣȥǼˣ
Ӣ۾㻹
⡭
Ѧѧϵļߵ˷űߣٳѧʹ˸ơѧϵͷһԾӯ˴
ѦȻ˷ţǽǰŲȻǰӰһ˼ϻһλ˯ŮӣɣѦһ˳ȥȴȻ˼ƥ۶ȥϾˣΨǣǵһƥ׷ȥ
尲ѹرգѦȴԶԶ˾Ȼһųȥͨ¿˿أ岼ˮС
ʱѦоͽˮǱ˳⡣˳˳̬ȻɣټҹӦòԶһ·ƥĽӡһ֡ɫȥвԶһéݣԼй⣬ȻȥҪγ彣ȴԼ֫ǧء
ѵ˵ɺҩԣҹľƲǵֱӴӺϵģ˲֪ǵʲôˣںǰֽţǡԣ˯ǰѾϯ֮ʱһԳǵСѾһŲ˼ƣ
ѦţںȻһǶæéǽڿȥ
ѾѣһƬף΢΢סȭͷ


9
ϴ󣬽ٳŮģȻ˵书ٸǿҲҪģ
ߣӵĵҰҲع˭˵ţױǰס°ͣǸӰү꣬ȥ尲ߣܣ
⼸һ߼Цһ߿ʮֲ
ѦǿԼ侲һһЩӦҩõıƬպ㣬ƬڻˮֻһЩպϹﻻպ㡣պһԵ£ܿҩЧˣ˲٣ֱҲָЩǹὣŶ롣
һ˲Ȼ콵ȱû׼±㱻ѦлʣæɶΣ׼
״Ѧһᣬ˵СҲԻڲǽһЩԵҩǿŶѣֲ˶õģǣϣ
ߣҲѵ˱ӣǵҩŽѦî˾𱦽ָ˵
ϴʮ˿Ҳ˵֮һǡ
ޣ󱲣׹ȻмֵʶûбѦŵͽһںһȣӵ
պ񣬵ֽŻʱӲƴֶֻܿѦ˼к󣬺ܿͿߣȻѸͳһѰڷˮţƤֽƱϿһ
˲ɵñеƱһץһţһֵȻһ˵þҲⱻѦдסᣬ䲻ӳéݣѸٵİƥԼһƨɱ㼲۶ȥ
һƬ֮ѦҲϲ巽ֻǼнһԵǰ񱼣ԼʱѾԶˣ΢ж˷ٶȡʱպҩЧѹȥԻҩҩЧﶥ壬֧Ųסϵ
ӣﾪһæסԼĴļ򣬡ӣѣˣ
û¡ֻ֫ްġ
¿˿βһһ˸ߵĻĲݴԣʹѦУ˽ȥˡתۼƥڣˣʹһƨɣ˾Ų·ǰȥ
벻Ůкܣ䲻֪֮
⻰˵꣬Ϳǻ亹ֱðһ֧̬֮
Բͻˡû°ɡݸܣһƬڣ˲ģġ
빫޹أֻʱһЩʣЩӰˡûʲôȥˡˣǵҩЩϵһЩⶾҩݣȥá
ˣѦнһס˵ֻһЩͨҩҩ˾ûˣ֣ܻҰ޳û㲻Ҫߡ
Ұޣðɡôһ˵ҲͲټˣѦߣԼšСéݵʱ֪ȫʪ͸ˣҹܺԼ¸ϡ
һ飬ѦеĽ䱸ƺ׷ˣ֮˼䣬ȴ˼ᡣ
˳ҹϵĻ⣬һûһ
ᳵӣ尲²Ǿ̰ɣ˵һԵ𣿡
ǡȻϻۡʵȥˣ;尲ʶʶķɶѡ
ŶԭȥˡʵֳҲǵ尲سˣȻ˳·У
Ѫ󣬷ҵͬ𣿡ѦûԼݣҵ˲ʲô߹Ľ׼
ߣʲôѪ˵ˣˣôŵȣҲˣԼ˫ֺǻ۳ԷЩ岻ȲֵʿôͲˣ
ѦЦЦ˵ü⡭
ʵҺḶ֮̌󣬰ȥľȥģþһطʵʱҲþӹطģӵĹ磬ݣʵȥ
ԭﻹȥݡ֪ԺݵӡΣ
ţͷȴȥֻǺһЩʣֺںݵļ㽥ģˡݵ˺£˻һƬģҲǲ顭
ȻЩʣǲõĻ䣬ǵøáҶȥڹúþУǰǲǵʲôϵ
һεĸо֣ټˣҲ֪ôദ˵ȻҲһЩ£
ѦпЦһ´ȥˣһǼҵ裬ҲΪһˡ
ˣһЦ˫ǹĻӳҫů˷θĹâ
ѦжʱůЦЦ˵ˡ
Ϊûһ𣿡
컯Ū˰ɣʵѾһˣҲȥʱʵһжãֻΪһЩ£ط꣬˰ֱҿһ㣬еʹˡջϵġʱôҲʹˡ
ԶˣΪˡ˿ϡ
Ҽǵ˵Ϊҵɡ
ΣֻңҲ˵ȥġ
µ˼ˡ
ţѦҩ£ڲ֧˯˹ȥҴøϵҲ˯ˡ
î֮΢΢ף˯еԼһѦнѣԼϣæٰѡ
ˡͻˡ
˫ȣ΢Ц˵ﻰӦøлǡ
Ѧмʶѣ˺ۣڷ߳ݴԺѧϣ
ӣѧɱӰӳѧϼѦкæת˸Ȧȷûκ˺ۺ˵үû°ɣԺðյһˣ
ʱҲˣüһȦ˶ްŷ
֣ǵʲô˰ɡ
ӳ尲;кһƦåһܣ뱻ˣµ
尲һأǻУյĹƶ֮Щ尲аԵľͨڣǵˡ
ߣǻ׹ݸǹ֣ų͢ٺ»ȴ͢ף⣡ҸҪ泯͢Żˣ
ֳڳδܳĪǡ
뵣ģֻǶһЩʽѡȻسȥɣҲҪǺúӡ֪ǵԼ¶ݻˣ㼰ʱʹǣһ衣
һ˻صĺջѾΪѦ׼ԡʲ˵һͷԡͰСһҹҰ棬Լܲĸоˡ
뵵ˮУȫƣ˯˹ȥ˯УȻλʱ򣬻ǸСԼ꣬һֱ׷и硱СѾöûˣԽԽ˵Ĵźľͽοس˺ƬֻﶼδĹԼһ˼ˣֱʶؼա


10
Ѧۡǰεʱͻúܲãǲ֪ΪΣȴ˼ƽȣѵΪλŮӵĳ֣ô뵽ءѦԳ£ֳˮС
ΪúѦжѦ뵽õ尲壬½·ͲˣԼͬˮ·һżſڣͼһصˣвŹٷԹߡ
ֹ˻һ˵¡ѦȻ֪ǳ˹ˣȴûλ֮ߣѶ尲ĴСԱŵÿͷԼĹǶˣ㹰˵벻±Ϊ½·ȫҵͬˮ·ڿҶˡ
һԣæֺͣ飬㣬ͰҺôϣصԵл
ղλź۵ı尲ɣøͷ絷⣬ֻСô
ﻰ尲ļλʽӣһЩٲѣʲôˣ˲һسŵСϴˡҿ尲һȻ֣ǲ˾˵ֵĿĵҲǹˣˣǱˡ
ֻСһңɲճʱڳͷ
ˬ죡лˣ
Ӷ尲ƺӣһ·վϿ֮ܿ͵μˮμˮ֮Աֱͨ˳ǵĹͨϿһˮļվһ˵ܼԦ˺ӵģǺĶмҡѦе۴﷫ֻձءţҵģˡ
Ժ粻ʶ;о˺ýãһ·˲强˳˳ţȸϼֱᡣ
ѦЦЦ˵ԣԵپۣҪӹҡ
ּ֪ľӺδ¹Ҽĸƽ㵽л
أûŵĵطȵջľӼհɡ
ȻûҵʵľȵµıԷţҡֲæƴǣ˵䡣˴󣬾ӲףҸͨѣҸȱʵģǲסջ֮ӣҲˣ尲ĽѻĿܲ
Ѧʮ̣Щ尲֮»زԹֲøĺ⣬ίƴǵַģھмԶףҸ´ЩݷزһҪ͵λԶ֮֡尲֮µһЩų̣ڲٵ顣ˣǡ
ӡתҪߣﺰסӾ֮СŮΪ˷ֱ֪պα𣬻벻ҪֳϵպѴֳң߳
ǡµ壬ҪܵǶӳԷңԷ˻֪µġ
˳Զ˵ҼСүԵֲǳɣ㿴ġ
Цŵ˵ͷܿʲô̾˿˵ֻǿϧˡҼүѾˡ
棿Ͼɺϵ£ҼСҲһŲϲµĻµء
Ҫϸ˵Ѧȴõ𣬲ֻܽߵĻ˻ȥ
л֣ǡѦٿãת뿪
ĿԶ˵磬ǵݵ治ܾʵԸ𣿡ۡҲû͸¶Ǵˡ
һ׹ҲˣϾȨ˵ŵ˼Ұ˵ǺͶԷʶ²ǵѻˣ̹һУصĺáԺԵϸ˵١
šǻȥɣҪүõȡҶ廷ı۰򣬳һЦ
ֻǰܷչ¶֣Сָ֮ȻһСɵָס
ʱ
ۡүȻձҵôõķӡԱĴ̾
ǣүϴЩ꣬Ĵί㣿
ѧϣô˵Ͳˣ˵ģסĲסأؼǲίүȥүʰ÷䣬ȥʰ
ʱȸСȫǰͥԺһȱһǻ԰һƽ㹻Ѧ˾ס洬ͬеļҲ㹻طáָŴʰֹ֮˼ӣźճӵҲˣһмҵĸо
徲Ѧڿ԰ĵȿڲ裬ΰݷöѦԼĸ֮¡ܸкζԹ˳ˣӦõŰݷõġ
ֹ˼գѦڳţǰǶѦ
ݵļѷɵֳˣѦͨŷ˺ӳӭӡ
뺣ǧʱĻ᱾Ͳ࣬ټϸһЩҶ巵س˺ҾѦСԼµõѦk곤ԼһѦѴꡣ
ѦkΪ³Ǻӣ֮Ʒɣɢ٣ӵͷ㹻֧;ƽ˳ںԺȻûСܴѦб˪أȴѦһΡݡѦѴͬǺŹӣƷзɣȥء󷽣Ҳſ
λֵܵģѦв룬ѹҶλֵѶϣҲȷз˵ʱ
ѦֳѦɹвͣϾѦеĳСʹм۰֮ģּһ˲šϳɣʮָˣ鷿˲ٺݷ飬̸֮ʱܿöպ󵽾ݷõˡ
ѦмǹŸеѰҶ׼֮£Ҳ뾡һүԼλҶҵС㣬˳ˮۣʶҶ׼ҲˬӦ˰ݷõڡ󲻾ãѦбǹˡ
һ磬ѧϱͨ˵үҵĶүá
Ѧв⣬ѲѦkĵ⣬ĵܻΪҶ֮һϰ˭뵽ϣ˷ʵʽչڴߡ
ѦЦһ˲豭ȺѦkʦ
˷붼²ǿ̻ɡ
kһ꣬Ҷϲˣ
Ѧk£Աǰ衣
ǡȫҵŮ
ԣԡΪүǵҡ
ôǵãֻҸȡءСʱÿλغСס㶼Ը棬Ҹȫ忪Ц˵ҪźҲź˵Ը⣬ζңҴأ벻ôˡ
үҲöûؼءǺϼຼһصشġ
ǶүүҲǶүָ֮жˡ
үѾߣһֱүġ˵ҪֵĻҾͺүүүˡ
Ҫҵֵܣоֲôˣ㺰ɣһƺѣʲôԡ
Ѧп죬СʱȫһʵǶҵˣڶǳΪ٣ȫңҷָˣټǨˣȫ᲻뿪ݣתѦɹ¡
kΪ˺ɵİɣ
Ѧk˿ڲ˵Ľģʲô¶ռȫˡ壬ԣҷһ


11
һ˲˵һҶС㣬ҿԹãҪһ
Ѧk²豭ؿ˻棿
Ȼ棬Ϊӻܾ޵ֲǲ֪
֪֪ΪжѿѦkսȭͷղڵķΧȻ޴档
ȢɹͲѿˣ˵˵ȥ˵
ѦkһʱѦ˵û״ӦҲ´󲮼ҵƸ˵˵ȥǱԼӵۡ
ҸΥѡأϲĶϱ㲻Ը⣬ǲĲȱ
ңΪ£
岻˵Ҳ֪ʣȻ㣬Ҫ𰸡
ѦûӦ豭ƷѿʮһҲûС˵ȻԵõص˻š
Ѧk˶񣬼˵Ѿ޸˴磬㲻ҪĴˡ
ʹԶڳˣԺݵ¶ָư
ֵǷ꣬벻֪Ҳѡ
Ѧһʱһһֱر֣δ棬ѦkҶС޼䣬ֵ÷ԷԶںҲܴСѦkȴһң˵
ҺѦԳȣٴҲײɫȻѦkֻģ̫࣬վ˵˵棬һǾ仰ҶС㣬ҿԹãҪһ
ãȻʹ죬Ҳ˵ˣǡ
ѧ׼뿪Ѧk񲻼Ѳ
ѧϣɣù
ǣү
֮ǷüĿˣ
ǡҶ׼С˸š
Ѧлʾ˵ѧ߽ѹ㱨СһնҶˣҶһ岢޹ɽٺܡǾӪ
ˣҶһҶͿ游ãپӸλ֮󣬾һֱΪӪЧңѾʮˣҶ׼⡣
үĳйءҶǰʿڣϻ֮ؾϵһƷ˻ڰ;бӵ͢Ʒ¼£Դ˱˳˳ˮ겻ǨƷ̫ţ麫ҲǶӪ
ѹѦҷûԭز©˵ѾչǮ˰ȱ˼ȡԼнӻ̫£Ҫ졣
С˻һϢ̫µұҲҪǻˡˣΪ̫Ҷ׼ǳ͢µܶ֡үˡСֱԣ˽Ҷ׼ϢƲҶС㡣
˻⣿
Ҷ׼˳Ҷ֧ҶһλܵͣÿĴûʸμӡС㲻ҶһҶҲһýҲҶҰмѧѧĻᶼСǰҶСҶҰݻףԵʶλ鳤Լ壬˶ҶҸƼһʣ̸ΪҶС㻹һֱҲ֧ŵ͡
ѧϣϢĹԽˡ
үޣСֻǡͶүҵĹʾɶ˼ˡ
Ҷ塭ˣѧϣҽԱһŮõĺպ󣬱үŰݷã
ǡ
ȻᡭҺһȥ
žֱ߳ȥѦУѧϴԭͷԣҶĸүôС¡
УѦתתȥҲ򲻵һ
ԣŮϲĶֻλΡ֬ôһֱЩʲתƣѧ϶תˣʵ
ȻأѵϲõĽô
ѧϿ˿еıٳ
Ѧм챦Ҳû͹ŮʲôҲĥ͸ʲôʣԿϵЩλνӲӵλ۶벻ˣþŮķۡ
үҿȥҲȻˣ硭ǰЩӽʶڳ˳ǳĴҹ㣬۹һ
Ѧüһ룬ʱЦˣԣ۹ⲻôԴӻͦźҲû֪ӣ˻ᣬȥһĳǶԷ֪ԼôˣлֻһڴӦ
һ磬ӳԷ
լӺô󡭡ӱȻǸ鲻ɡռʮĶĴլӣԲЩմմϲ
Ѧп佱䣬ѧŷϰ
ŷһʢ˵ģϸ˰һ±ɫ˲ʱЦݣԭӣҼҹӿǾúˣΪǰǹأ˵ҲֱͨкڵСѾ߳ӵ˽ȥ
һţӭıһ񹤾ϸĺ磬ͱͥԺ޶£һƹ磬ȻһƬʮɼĴͥԺȣǰһʽ¥
ŷֻǵ¥֮ǰһŻ͢СƵ¥һˮķɺϣɺ֮ϣһʮĶĺˮɺǰʮɳˮȣˮĻв̨ͤ¥ˮ鿻ڼҫ²ԣˬ
ѦпԷƱ֪ӵݱڹ֮ϣ˵ǻҽף뵽ЩԼʣһȨԼǵòʧ
һһߣʱԺСºһһλܼģ˽͵ãʧԶӭ˱ԷܼأҼҹӳ⣬ѾȥͨӹٵϢܹܿңλڴ˺ȲȺ򡣡
Ѧм񣬱еȺ
ԼĪ˰ʱһ󼱴ٵĽŲ⿴ʱȴô˽
ֵãʧԶӭĪ
ӡ֪Ǹ·ٻŮҵɬϷһƬ糺졣
ѦһһԳ˵û뵽ӸĸŹڣóȻãʧˡ
Цƴ˼䣬תͷ˰磬˱߳Աġ
Ѧв࿴С㼸ۣ֪ΪΣһ־ñط֮꣬⣬ЩоȻʶܲģҲ˵Ϊλĸо
Ʊյ֣ľбһɨˣѦҲżɽ˵⡣
Ϊֻͨˣһݷɣо񣬲˸ŹڣС£ȷǴˣСԷһ
ӣðһ䣬λˣ
ѦпС˫һʱЩҪҪ˵δޣӭȢδҲδ
ҼүġվһźԼѦвش
һλͬãδˣϲѡ
۾˻ѦУʱʲôƵģæѧϵ½
С˫۱һ˿ǣشĨǶʱʧ٣ȡ֮ģһĨ紺Ͱů⡣


12
ԭáǲ緹һмɣ˶ַǷĿӦоУöһֵĵطֳλȥطҵһ֮
áѦпǲԾһֳƲŻع
˲尲ģʱĩеķжҪڿжɣóרѲ
ѦкùʱһСľ͵˷йŵʱѦСһö˫οղ֦÷壬ûüлҪҴҷֱٱ֮ʣԼպټÿԪѽڡ᳤˳ǱȡһգʱںѾԻ˷
;֮Уͬһ
ãٹδҪŰݷˣպᣬӦԼһǣӵ֮ԼֻԼȥˡ
磬ûk˵ͲȢңƸk硣ˣҲһ䡣
ô˵kףӦǲӦ
ҡҲ֪ǳ岻ͬģҺܡҴδҪ޸
ðɡûȢ㣬ûϵȢ㣬ܲ¶Ͼˣ
ҴȤİɣʹҼ޲ȥҲ޸㣬Ҳġ
Ϊõľ;ŮҶôҲ벻ǺѦҵԵ֣Ҫ硭
һЦʧڳ˵ĺɫС
֮ҹˣݷͳӦһҹߣѦȴö˫οղ֦÷񣬳û˯⡭
ŰݻӺܿ㵽Ѧһϯһ˲ŵֶҲʮֿģ顣Ѧʮ㵽̩ѧϰʮ洬ߣⲿӶ࣬ڲѦɹѦæԼźѧϡԵ˶Գ˵ˡݶϤִټ棬Щн
һ˵ȣóֵĶˣȴΨŮҶ壬˵ҶлԼҪرܣҲóϯŶԡѦмʵȴæӦ꺮ůһֱûҵᡣ
ò׾үͣˣѦбԷһλ︸׾ѰźãСֶԼⱸһݣǸҶСģүΪת
벻ֶģĸϧǰȾ˷纮񱧲ڴ޷Գлˡ
ŵþү˵ѦзӦ˼ѡһ׻ƽ˿Ƕﻨ֦ͷΣ򿪿ʱǡΡҡڡʢ䡢ⷽȣһʮǻʽ񹤾µƷ֮ƷεľҲǰһͷ΢Ц
йȻ˼ģΣȫҲҳڶ
ЦˣʲôƷֶֹֻ㾫ɣ͸ҶС֮ʱˡ
үѦµ˼Ҳʮ⣬Цϧսеⷬ˼ҲɷóˡУպǳᣬʢǰ֣ͬ˹зĲ£⼸նٹңԵȼӺЩɣ͵ʧĲɺã
޷޷ֶԣϤүš
һ˵˺һɣүְ磬ֱʱɢѦлү򸾱һ·سʱӡѧϼݳѦкڣһ·޻صʱ̲סʵүЩԲ֪
˵ɣ㶼һ·ˡ
ȻүͬԽԱ˵ˡΣʱżȻʶǰ͢ɽλǰ˵ˣѧΪʧɢԭмһ˼͸㣬ϣ͸δģǶһô͸һȢŮء
ѦбĿΣ޹ʱ͸ģǻֳ֮֮Ĺϵ΢ͳ֪ɶ˱͵ͷȻһԶҲͲȥǽҶ壬ҲʧΪһ֮
ǱүδޣͳȥҲ
үֲȢ˵ˣղѾһҶС𣿡
ѦмĿ񣬳Ĭ֪ӦԹס졣
ö÷壬͡
ǰ治ԶʱӣѧԶԶ㿴еĶּſڽⲽǵȺǹӿٶȡ
壬үˣ⽹ģôѧϱ߷Ѧ³ʵ
үɻˣ˼飬˵˲أѾԴ𣬻ȥ
ʲôѦæӹţ֮أԣʰһ̻غݣ
ѦɹһأʮضȻӼŴߴȥѦǲ˿飬һ𺽹ңȴѧڳգʱ֮Լ˳㽫ö÷͸С㡣
֮ҹ˳˻ҹ죬ҶԼʱڳǶʤҵȺ
ѦмپǰһҹʱٴʱǳУ˯˼ľţΪѦеĵŲͻȻ˯˶ļ䣬˱Ѱ˸ڣѦеļ档
ǳղߣ񲻼ãǽȴһҪһصֳȰ趼ûáΪӡʱױΪβݣһյţ軭üɨ˴Լκβõӡ󡭡
ʱûеǸˣǵѧϣԼöѡ÷塭
С㣬Ҽүе㼱ҪȻغݣö壬ҽġ
ʱˣҶö壬ͷȴ΢΢
⡭үûзԸ
лл㣬ѧϡ
ѧˣҪ׷һѦС
ҶįطؾòƵ˾Ѧе֮Լģȴ˿ա
ˣѾԻʱСʱЩ¶νδѾˣȴһ㶼޸ЩΪĳ֡
⣬һҪ£Ҫ᲻СָĲȱ
ǣֻһͣȻˣĽܳİŰɣҪѦͼѦУҪѦkͼѦk
ҶһǳµʣǴαСָ֮ʹ˯зǳƺٴξһ㣬ŵٿȻԾСָ˯Ŷæ̨˽սһֻҶ庹ʪһϲ˶亹һֵ֡
С㡢С㣡ս֣ĺ
硭𡭡
ңС㣬ǲجˣû¡û£ֻζѣġ
Ҷɿ֣˿ʣزָСָ˿
ǵģ˿ڶѾʮˣôʹء


13
ʣѵΪѦеĵںļѾȻ޴ˣѦˣ˵İ£ԼΪʲôܵ˴Ӱ죬ѵԵ
Ҷٴ£Ҵñӣ˯Ų뿪䡣
ߺҶµ˫ڵҹɫأԳ񡭡
һ磬Ҷ彫ö÷Ž˽У˹
Ҷʣκ˲Ѧеκ£Ѧе˻˺֪ʼ֮ʱҶɻ󳤱ΪβѦм֮£ҲҲտڲˡ
ת۱㵽Ҷڳ˵Ѧпܻžۣ£ϾҪҲҪһεĻʱ̹ףԭѦѻ˺ݡҶɻ󣬵ҲضԸȥˣϾ˵£ʡ
ֹ£Զʮ궬
Լ̫µĻڽҿɴƽ׼ʽ̫¹ϽԴˣ̫³ƹܾ䡢ƽ׼ұԼֵ̫Ǯ˰µۺ**ְǳнӻһֱֱʡ̫µȨõʵԾ
Ҷ׼Ʒ̫䣬Ϊ̫µĸְֱӹϽƽ׼
ƽ׼ԴѦҶͿ֮ʱĿֻΪ룬ʵﹱ˰䡢ĵȣֻ͢ץܣʵʵĲίи˽еģЩˣȻƵġ̡Ѧҽ˶˴󲿷ֵ⣬ѦҵĵһͰһͰѦҲѸ˴ҵ⺣ںӵĴ󲿷ҵ
ƽ׼뻧ѦҵΧԺѦһܲ³͢⣬һδ֪֮ѦҶԣһش
©ƫҹ꣬ϢֹڴˣҶ׼볹ջؾƽ׼ʵҵʵﹱ˰ȫɳ͢ԼĶ鿪չ˳װ룬Ҳ˵ջػе⣬͢ԼӪһ淽͢Ȼࡣ
Ѧһ𣬶̩˽Ѧɹ󼸺ͷ
ΪѦҼ̳˵ѦУһѩҹѦɹ¹ȢҶ壬ǣĸײأϲТ
ѦеѦɹ󱳹ȥݺᡣ飬οοǣѦȢޣǣӣ̫಻ӦʹԺһңȫƾԼ컯ˡ
¡ʱڣѦɹԸϸˣΪѦȢҶ塣
ںӱѦΪִﳤˣ;ˮ½ͨʹãѦҳʮƸˮ½ֵĻ⡣
иְѦ飬񶨿ΪѦкҶ顣
Զʮ괺
Ҷݱ˳˵ĳݱСչ񴡢ѦkױдµĴ飬溣ѦҵĻ鴬һ·¡
ö˫οղ֦÷壬ԼΪͷε׻ƽ˿Ƕﻨ֦ͷΣûκζ
ʮĳڴ˻Ͼš
ҶһΪеˣ򸾡Ѧ򸾡񴡢ѦkרҶ׼ˮһٿȻת߽˴գлѦkĻͣŵ磬Ҳûߡ
һöӣδκ;һ߾͹ˡ
ͬҶ׼һ͸»Ƕƽ׼ĸ
ݴҶλȱȫĹŮԷ⡢ʮؼѦҡ
ѦĻ磬ʮ졣һ죬ͼ޴ִﺣݣѦɹѦԵͷӭӡ
ϲí㾢Χ۵ĺ֮ͽûӵ֣˵еĲָԵĵΧһֱȵ»򸾰ɣ붴ȻɢȥϲƵĺϲƣҵĹңѦһͬ궯ĺģէůĴҹƽϢɢ·߸ȼĺ򡭡
Ѧкȵ΢ѧϵĲĵ߻·һֱֵ塢󷽣ʹѦйⲻȥҲ֪˶ѦҳϱıΪ⡣ǴԽ⣬ľԽᡣƲ·ãǲȥ
Ѧ˱֮˸ǹ죬֮󲻹Ȱ裬ǵ·ǰѦС׷Բԡ㲵ĸףѦۿʪ󣬵ǿס
ѦΡطļ򣬲һԡ
ĸû˵⣬ѦҵӣѦҼҵͳ̳ˣ»֮ҹʧݣúլƫ˿Ц
Ѧ촽̬粽߽·
ϲ˳ȥϷš
ӵĿ۳סǰ˫֣΢΢¶һָؽ΢΢ףεطӳĽźͲ
Ѧϲӣ߽
ϲ䣬ѦеĮƳۿȥʱһ
㡭
Ŷ΢һ̧ͷĿԣ˲佩ס
㡭
һӣҶ忴񣬴Ӿȣ⣬ڵȻ
ѦȴûӦҶͷһ˲ڼ˼֣㡭ôҶ塭
֮ҹӶȻŪѦ⻰ҶÿЦҲûϵ»Ǻ׸ѦҵĶү
ȫȻûżĨů⣬ȡ֮ģǺ޲ƫеĵĮΪʲôǸֻӣȡѦƵ»ȻԼ˼˰ˣǶĳЩꡢȡᣬڿһαϷ
ͬеģǾү񴣿
ǵġҶʹֻͣԼࡣ
Ƕ˵ŨѦлĿΪֻ޼ãԭ÷һˡ
ѦԳһȥٿ
֪ݲȾӣίˡѦҵһ⣬ұػɡ
ҶЦˣͶлѦүˡ
Ѧͨ˼ң֮ǰѦҶϱݣǵá
Ȼ
һ·ˡЩðɡ
⻰Ҷŵ￿˿
ģ˯齡һǧģѦЩζӳ¡
ԭ齶׼ˡԼЩʲôءҶпЦ
һҹߡ
һ磬ҶʱַһˣѾûѦеӰİĻЩִٲ֪ʱӦЩʲô
ٷˣ𣿡
ˡ
˴ӦһŽ߽䣬ū澾үͷ˰źٷϴġ
ûǴŮӦýԡ
ôأԣӦÿЩСָȱݣһϰİ˿
ضٷˣӦԵģ֮ʱү˵ˣڴΣԹȥźˡ
Ҷ￩һˣ
ٷ˷ģֻŤްġ
һ»ڶ첻Ҫү˾ôһȥˡ


14
һɣЦٷ˶Ƕү̫˽⣬ÿ춼᳿ʱĻأġūźϴɡ˵ţҪ߹
Ҷһ飬ŵˡ
ؿٷˣ
Լɣһϰ߱ź򡣡
⡭ЩΪˣūϷ˷ˣûźūûϷ˽
ҶҪѣѦеȥɣԾͿˡ
ҶѭȥȻЦ˹ں棬һȦײ
Īһİĸо
С㡭ٷˣ룬źϴ尲˵;˽˲ҶϰߣѦк˵λٷǺʱ׼
ѦкλСΪһֱ֣ԭҶ壬ҶСָȱȫ
£Ѧױ̨һĲ£Ʒ農򡣻ЩҶЩ󣬻Ǹʱ䣬ѦȴýյĲղͬһڣ˺ȵڶڣױ̨ǰǷͭžأԳ񡭡
ʱڵˣŵվŵģһݣſһ˵ľ
ѦзҶ£Ѧɹִˣֵݲ豭ɡѦбЦ˵Ȼ־裬»ϱҲҪ־衣
ճɻٯٯ˶̲סЦˡ
Ҷ֪ЦǣʱǺߵصͷ
վһԵįԵø롣
ѦЦ˼»뷿֣֮Ҳöɡ
һɷף
Ѧɹ˾ЦӯӯģѦҶദӦòҪǵˡ
ĸݺȻǾҶ׼͸ѦеģѦҵĵȻѦпչѦɹ˻ѦҵĴ󲿷ҵ񶼽ѦУѦϽʣຣݳڵС
ѦҳҪĺ⣬ҲƷҵѦںܼʮżУ漰Ǯׯƥ͡ҶճԴöȣӣӯȴֻк˵ͷԲƴѦ˵һֺõĲ¡
Ѧ鷳ƣԼүӺռүԴ¥Ȼơɻˣǲ֪ȥֻǲܣҲܲˣֻ۱ֻۣοֵɡ
ۿѦгɻ˵ѦΪʲôԸܾҲԸ⿴ɻ飬ԭָо౻ݺסʹ
ѦɹѦм٣Ҷúù亣ݳǣҶϴݣѾһʮ꣬ݵķ飬ȻҪ˽⡣
Գ棬ѧϺԶȸԾԣԻãС㲻ϲԼѦҵĴլԺԴӱȥźѦУĴ̣޾ӳˣӲϲլĹؾأţѦкҶ廹Ҫġ
Ѧлϲˮ·УСƣԶ⴬泩
ݳڵˮͷѦǰѧϵһ˴ȰԷ˹ȥԷҶ
ٷСģɱСʱˮūˡ
Ҷһɻ󣬡˵ˮ
ѧϺһȵĿٷǵǴǺ˺öˮˮүүһ𷣣Ƥͷ¡
ѦȴһƽѦkڣЩﻹǵá
ҶһҲ˵ʲôԵĲ߽˴ա
ѧڴͷ¥ʱѦȵѧǫſιشѦжＸ䡣
Ѧȭͷ
Ҷ鲻ףʵʲô£±ȥҾˡ
ҿɲٳʲôֱ״ƤѦ
ЩĲǵˣسʱǴνѣ˺ܾã֮˺ܶں֮ʱ飬ǡЩûѦн͡ڿⲻͶҪˣҲں
үԼɫ࣬Сʵǻȥۿͷ𡭡
ȻҪȥѦȻ˵ĸŹڣǻһ㿴ҹõóֵģЩҶСڳûȥȨ棬ơ
Ҷ岻˵
ݵеڸۣǽѷֵġ˺ӡСƺһ廥ͨˮ½Сֱﺣݳǹֱﺣݳ¡ˮܲĺڳǣʱ۱ѳ˳Ƕˮţΰĺݸۡ
Ҷʲôд۽硭
ݸ۵ϱ塢ٻ֮أޡټáɣ˹ʳšءȹĻΦ̼֡֯
֮ǰҲ˵ݸ۵ʢΪҵĶͨ̿ڰеƷҪںݽмɢӺ뻴ˮˮٵƺӣȻ尲˵ȵءֱֿϳһ·ֱϵŲһݸ۵Ļֺ۽磬ʮ𾪡
ҶС㣬֪ݸ۱ȳΣѦмѱĪ𼸷ȸԾ֮飬˵ҵĺֹҵ촬ΡƲ衢ҩ֯ԼͭΪ󲻵ݳľƷƷ֮֮࣬ڴҵɱȡЩƷǰⷬ
һҶСһҶС㣬ǲǸûг׵ĸҶкȻãۿȥ
ٷˣǰѦҵĴλˣռǸλġһ·һ·˵ڶЦҶ塣
ѦĻʮɣʮɣʯɴˣˣǧˡ
վڴ£ҶһθоһεСΪ̫̫ˣȳ˵ĳ¥Ҫΰ
ĻѦңҵҲңѦпǰĻ䣬Ļû˵ģΪںˮ·խɲ£˵ˡ
ҶڸܵѦҵĲҵһƷĳƺţѦҵ
Ѧ̵⣬ȴ׬Ǯ⣬׬Ǯģǳнӳ͢ʵﹱ˰ںԼóסҶ׼뿪֮ǰ˵ġ
ѦԶʵҶΪʲô͢ĻѦҪΪƾۺԶǮ糯͢ľҵ࣬ɼ͢ҵжֱʡǻ࣬ǵеˮж
Ҷҵ˼άҶѪԣټҶ׼ЩĽ̵һ֪ƽ׼ж
͢ƷĹ˰ǡʮһݸ۵ʢˡ尲ʵﹱ˰һ굽ͷҪںϣ̲С̲ж֪ܲ꣬οг͢°յĸʵﹱ˰ƽ׼Ϊ͢棬ɵֹڽɽͬģ˰óҵ̡ó̵棬ҲΪɹۡ
Ѧа׵һιѦҵĴӣʲô˼ҪҶ׼飬סѦҵĹ˰⣿˵֪Լһöӣŵĵһ㱻˽ӵӦְĲܡ


15
ôҶС㿴ˣȥˣѦмʼȸԾʧȡ֮ȱȱɫʵ
ˡ
ѦлȻ򣬡˼ǲˣҶСһ·ͣĳΪӦ左ˡѧϡԣٷ˻ȥϢɡ
үأѧѾԸӴҪһƥ߽ʵ
ҪȥУȻذɡ
Ҷڴѧһ£ѧҲ²ǹ£Ҳٶ˵Եлȥˡ
ѦΪѦеĴ飬صڴլĶϽ½һԺΪ;ӡѦȵ;ӷдլ࣬粻ͬʱͥԺ˫档˰ţѦɹҲࡣ
Ҷ屾ֱӻ;ӣͥԺʱȻһסûˣ
ѭȥһλٸģԺУϹż񵭵΢Ц
Ѧҵ˿̫࣬һʱ벻Һ㣬֪ԷѦҳϱ
Ѧ˵ҪǵǸ˰ɡ
ϱɩҶ΢΢
һ·۳Ͷ٣ҹ»顭ô˲֪ϧۣ»ڶ죬˾Īǲδܹ֮񡭡֪ԼãѰһ𰸡
Ҷɻ󣬳˵ݣȻóǧһ·İѦҵӭ״Ӷչ˵ַܵſڣ֮Уôʣжչˣۡ
ô˵˲Ц
ЦʲôѵԼ˵ʲô
һԭжԴԼҪĴ𰸡֪֪ԼֻʹƫҪȥʣ˰ɡ
ȥһ˻ˣɩûԸȻطȥˡ
ͷĿһ·뿪
ѦѦҵĳׯ̩ȺѦȡһʱӽ磬ѦȲŵ
ֳûǴǽһС˿ʮƥ籡ɴ篡һٶʮƥһϴ˾ΪĻ֮ɡһ粻ڳׯȥ
ׯĴȻʹүҲɵġЩܰףġ
Ҳ֪ռҶѦҵҪԣȻ֪ΪλҪ̻֮ѿ
е𣿣
ѦˤеĲ豭ס̩ƹһæĻѾߣֵܶ
Ѧһʱ
ҷȰ㻹ǻؼҺúźٷˡ»˼ң˼ǳ˵Ķ鹫ӣٷһŭ֮»˳ˣĺô׽ķֲʣ
Ѧ֪Ҷ񴡢ѦkҥԣҲֻ͡
ǼҵΡԼƥ⣬ϣñ֣Ҫøʧ
Щٴ׬ǮҲһҴѦȱŭҲѹŭ˵ȻзֹݵʮżоͲˣʱ㻹ǺúôֺλҶ׼ɣ
Ѧнüһ̧뿪ԼΪ֮
֮ҶٻĳöԷƺרŵġѦе£֪һ㣬ԺҲñܿл⣬˲졣
ԣүʹٷˡ֪٣
ٷΪͻȻڴҸԻޣͲ˰Щ֪룬˵ѣ˵ʲôӰүٷ˵ĸ飬ʹˡ
ǵһЩʲôǽɣֲ֪ðѦкͳɩͲˡ
һᣬԥ˵ٷ֪Щʲô
ʶ֪మΪ˲ܳɾҽһ
⡭
ҾѦУġ
ԥһᣬ˵ðɡҰ֪ĶǧǵòҪ˵Ŷ
Ҷ˼εԲ˵
үʮ봬иүˡǰ꼸ͷڴŴ¡ʮ꣬үʼ׼洬ʮܶ̽ǢˣҲһʶĴٷ˰ɡ
ǡһ飿
ǵǣԴٷһǴүүǺźʹٷమġٷռҳŮԾҲУһүŪ˺˵ռұӦݵİǧƥ˿ݣһһݵ˿̸ûڶõӰռҵ
ô죿
үǺģǺٷȴүһ⡣ݵĴֻյײŵ߾פʳϲǷݸ̵ĻƷʳ֮󴬲ձˣԲɹ߾ëƤݡͬʱŵݵ˿̣ݵĴֻǲõԭǵ˿񣬻ԵгŻݼ򵽶߾ëƤëƤһֱݵĽƷ˿һֻһ±õëƤȻԸ⡣һΣˣѦûʧˡ
Ҷʱ벻תƷա
Ǽºүʮ־ٷ˵ĴϻۣӦʱʼ˲߽İɡˣѦҲ˿⣬ڵĶ̩Уٷ˻ǣ߽һ˿˺̸үĿǰѦҵʮżȶľǶ̩㣬ȲԴҲԴүʹٷ˾Ӫ֮ʱµĻ
ҶȻص˵ͷתͷʵѦû˳͢⣬ֻʮżУܳΪ׸𣿡
Ѧûк⣬˵͢˾ҵҵݺͲҶȻҲ𣬵Ѧһк˻ںˣѦӦûǺ׸
벻㻹ͦⶼ뵽
ĶʲôѽֻǸүˣߵĻܱѡʵүʹٷʶʱ䲻㳤԰ٷͷſİɣٷ̫õġүʮٷʶʮʱٷ˾ͼ޸үˣͷβҲꡭүͶүҵĶүԶˡ˵һæסԼ죬ôЩǽĻ˻˵ˣǸ
˵ˣٷʲôҲûԼ⣡
Һ磬k硭ʲô˼
˵ġٷǧϡ
ѦҵΪҺ硢k˽飿ҶֱԼĶ䡣
ūҲǱҥԹƻѣҶȥˣҲʽ޵ѦңĻ˵ء˵尲ͳҲүദöѣʲô˽飡
ѦҲôΪ𣿡Ҷһһࡣ
үү
֨֨Ҷ֪𰸣ʱһԼʵʵڵһˣ˾֪֣񴡢Ѧkһؾأûв̤ɣĵ
Ѧʱһӵķ֮ϼҶɫáһԣԼҲԡ


16
Ѧ˼ƺ˱ŤҶһǴ㣬˵УôԼԣϱţʮֲ˼أ㿴壬µڣûӡ
ǵģˡ⼸ֻǾЩӲʣθڲá
һЦ
Ҷ岻ԣ֪ЦʲôѦֲǺݺݵصһۡ
ѦϵЦضزסһ⣬һ˵ӲʣǺĴǺˡ˵ָҶ˿㼦Ե㣬úòʱӦˡ
ԡԣʱӦˡҺͿģ⣬⡣ϱұ뵽ġѦǿģϯķΧĪǢ
ͷ˿׷еζͬ
ѦУڷʲô˼Цʲô;ӺҶԼ϶©˵ʲôǺݵٵûһɵɵڲȥĸо̫ˣҪ´Ρ
治Ǽٲ֮ǰûи˵»֮ҹ𣿡ѦкϾе˲豭һڡ
Ҷüһᣬ߰˷֣ʱߺ죬תȥ
ôˣҪϸͽ͸𣿡
ˣ
ôô󡭡缸ȥۿ˷Ƣ⣬һ쵽ڼңҲû㣬ô£ڳ˵ʱ˸Ƶġ
᳤˻ãһҶ뵽ԼĴģӲܣԼ֪
ﲻ֪Ҳס
ҶԽźϴѦүҪϴˣرһ¿𣿡
ѦеĲ軹ûȺãŲ豭ҲҲǣٿҶһ͵飬Ķ豭ᵽԺȡ
»һ£Ѧбæе£ߴ˽⺣ݣҶҲӦˡĺʱڣ׷ɡٻޣЩɫǻһһƬĳ˸˼ֻģҶϲĺ÷羰ѦûʱһţӹҲʮңڡ
ѦȴԽԽæ͢ƽ׼ĸ˾ĸĸϸȫκ˶޷֪ѦҲΪһ紵ݶȫ̷ںӺˣͱǰֻǲ֪ĸϸӦԡ
ѦΪӦ÷Ķͨݿĺߣ尲ˡԼݵȴеߡߵصǺ졢߷٣ζĶʻݿĺ߻١졢ɱޱҪȫ
Ѧһն˯鷿ջطϴҶ˸档
Ѧүæʲô;ӲŶط춼һΡ
Ѧæʰ·ҲۿҶˣѦҶˡ
ҶΪʱ䣬´ϵŤŤģ۱ǰϵ
˺ȻôΧеΣҶû뵽һ㣬ǼȻѾˣܲܰ;ֶ£ӲͷƤϵҸ˵仰̫Σæ͢ƽ׼ĸӦԷ𣿡
ҶܰѾıǼ⣬ѦиоԴЩֻͣܺҵӦš
С׼˵͢ľҵ񣬸Ҫƾ֮͢ɣҵķȱݡ
Ѧһץס֣˵˵ʲôҶ׼˵оҵƾ֮͢ɣ
ץס֡Ҷüһ˦ٰ˵ʲôŪˣ
Ѧæȴʮ࣬Բ𡭡Ҷ׼û˵ʵ֣
ҶؿҸĻҪθлöӡ
ӣ
ȢҲΪ˳ϲֺС׼𣿡
ȷʵȨ֮ơģһȶҿ϶ֳŵɣҡҲӦѦkʱ죬Ҷ幰á
Ȼ̹ȻسϣĶҪһ𣿼ֱ̫ˣ
Ҷȥ鷿
͢ʹ͢Ĵ˾ܰѻǴֺͻҪʮ򣬳͢ȥôĴͶ֣Ѧвģס˫ۣʡ
ҵǧǧʮѣôܽˡɷ涨ҵгÿ£ֻҪ˹涨΢ĶӿۼһԷϣһɹ̶𣿣
Ҷٴ˵һӣһη꣬ʮµʱ䣬ʱΪĴںϹһʱ䣬˴УǴͻȶڻҵ۳帮Ͻڵĸлְ˵ĸĸҽٳ͢Ĺ˰
Ҷ˻ᣬ˵˵ѦүҪ֪֮͢ҪʵʩĸΪⲻˣǰн˵谭˶ܺģ͢ǣΪֻѦҲŶô
Ѧжʲô˼
ȵȻǰʵﹱ˰չǣЩ˰һ尲ˡ͢ĻӦǸҪ۸ߵĵطɵƽ׼˾Ȼչ⡣Ժ󣬺ߵķæ̶ȫȡгÿһ߶̻ȥ尲˵ĺ߷滺ȴ뱧ν߲֣Ʊۣ
ѦпϲҶ壬ļΪ𶯣벻һŮӣȻܰƿ͸й֮޲һ仰Ҳ˵
ôû˵ˣ
Ѧȷʵû˵ˣ֮Ѧҵĺ⣬Ӧô
ҵ뷨ǣĸ֣˳ƶΪѦ٣ԭһֱΧų͢תرź͢ķϣԳ͢һе紵ݶǾͻܴܵӰ졣Ȼڳ͢ⲻˣ粻Գ͢ΪģгΪġԽݵɳǾص㾭Ӫ;ԽݵĴӣݵĲҶֽ£Ҳص㾭Ӫ;ݵĴӣݶϡëƤ󣬾͵ʻݵĴӡ֮ǣĻ󣬾ź͢˼ŵź̵ϣȻд˰ѻｻ䡣ȻٰһЩôӣ͢ɢҲʱ㡣ѦӦҪߵķ򡣡
ҶĳѦжѾתΪˣ
ЩԼģ
С׼ʱ뵽ġʵ㲻ӦðԼ鷿ͷ룬Ӧöͳ͢˰Լ̽ЩҶ벻ǻʱȻȻͻĳңԺɻˣӦӭϴ̵󡣡
ѦشһȦ˵벻ҶСҵͷԣ
ҵôͷԶλС㡣
ҳɩ
ʲôԼһ仰Ҷתױ̨ᷢβٿ
˵ҶС㲻òڳԴװɣѦߵ󣬸һֳסױ̨ԵպðȦԼϾؿžеҶ塣


17
һʵϢշʢĲľҶˣͷᷢһԲ
˿ҶֱѦе߷Χ񽥽ֵСָϣһöµĵǶ˿ָף粻ϸһŮӵװָײ޶¡
ѦкȻ尲ʱ˵Сʱʣ˺ϸһ£ѵʧȥ䣬Ϊڳֲ˼£ǺܣСָйأ
Ҷû˶عͷȥ˫۾ضסСָжʱӿһѿæ֣ӣƿ뿪ױ̨
Լһ˿
ѦЩˣ߽˵ʵЩ£ЩѾĴ޴˺ˣܺߣʲôʸ˵ġңֻһ˰̶ѣʲôġ
ҶкȻӿһů˵⡭ǳ⣬ڶ飬ѿڶȱӡ
ѦмΪͣȻԵүٷˣˡ
һæý
żǼĸҶģչſ꣬Ͻ¶ϲ֮ɫС׼ҪˣҪˣ
Ҷ׼̫䣬ôʱ뿪ˣ
·۲ʹѲ麣в˾˰񣬿Ҫںݴĸ¡
ǸĸôҲĸº󿩣
ѦҲиʱҲΪˡ
ΪҪ˰ɣ
ҶΨһںҵˣҪȻˡ
ΨһںѦʱʽ뵽һŮݣкȻһ㺡
Ȼ常ҪֶŮģҪúôСģʱһʹ㶪
ǺԼ𡭡Ҷһ࣬ŭȴɢ
תѦʰõİѵõ·һóŻع
ǡ
Ѿҵˣһȥ鷿ڤ˼Ȼǻط˯ˣ
֪ǷΪѦ˵Сָ֮£ҶֿʼУĹιǵʹѪܵĶָһֱǲôȴôҲѲ
Ѧ˯һ򾯾ŵڶæ˽ֻҶüͷͷ󺹣ǰ½ʪһƬֽסСָһֱںʹ
æڴߣһס֣Ĵļ򣬡Ҷ壿Ҷ壿
ںҶѭȥ磬ҲѦУ˭Ǹ˵ıƺǳڣ뿪ڰʵĳڣǣǸȥԽԽˣԽԽˡ
Ҷ˹΢΢ۣǰѦУʶԼţµʹƺڣֱֻҸһͷѦеĻ
ѦЩ⣬Ҳʶرḧĺ󱳣οû£ֻζѣһڡ
һڡǸʪĵ뿪뿪ݣȥǧ֮ĳˣһ·϶ûܿʱû
뵽Ҷ彫ѦһƿסԼؿڴڴ
ԺкȻһЩƬΣ飬ֺʵ
ЩƬѦͷһȺԳԳ˾˱˴ʱܺ¡һֱѰϤĴи磬ǸҶ˵δˣҲںݵһֱԼˡ
ϣиܰ£ôôһȺİ˰ߣǶȥһǧ֮ĵط
Ҷ壿ôˣǲﲻȥдɣ
áҶ˿עӡ
ԭʧڣϡϵ˿ڶˣӦسˣΪɷ׽ǸˡĿЦ
ȥ
Ȼ΢ѦΪԼûЩɻؿҶ壬е㲻֪룬
ȥ
ΣеˣȻЩԣת뿪
һЩݵľºҶϣ࣬Щںݵƴһͼϧƾô룬Ҳ벻ණֻӡѦһʲõĻ䣬ơ
ҺԴ֮ҶҲûʣѦнġ
֮󣬺۲ʹҶ׼ﺣݣݴʷв˾ʹһڴСԱʼæӭˡݴʷδݹѦҶѯҶ׼ϲ£ͬʱҲòѦҽ˽ƣ÷ӭӳ͢ʹ
Ѧɹȫ¾ҪϹٸɺöҶ׼ĽӴ˴ҲҲҵġݸöҶӣҲѦԽҵ
Ҷ׼ʱԽԽѦҲԽԽæɾʱΪ֮һĴٷȴˡѾ߶ž˵ҹﲻ꣬˷纮¡
⻰ţԿɲţźҶʱ̲סٷ˺úõѵԼܳȥ˵ѻҲݸ塭
Ҷ岻òӹϵĹҲʮæµڲ˴Ѧլķºʲڷţ֮ǰ˵Ļûȥϸ룬仰ȥˡ
ǳɩԼȥ꣬ѵǴүꣿҶе˲ᣬͷ;ӾǼ˾סѦȣ˭̣
ԸϽס죬ŵ˵ٷˣǴ
Ҷ֣¿˿Ҳ
ֹգĲǵãƺˡݴ˵ƺв֢֮ζ񺮹˾ɼһҽ߿ԴҪʱһֱҽ߲֪ҩ
в֢֮Ѧ֪ģοԼ޸ѦȺҩʹԭȲ֪ģҲ֪ˡ
ƫСҽ֢ҽһֱںݳǽϼϣʮ겻ɽҪǲˣΨаȥ
Ѧɹ뷨ѦȰɽȻúòٻһͿܻҶ׼򽻵ĻᣬѦȻԸʧᣬɽѰ˸ڻѦɹ˵ûѦɹҲֻ۱ֻˡ
ֻ֮ѦӭҶ׼̵һСܿҾͰˣգ͢ʹĴӻʻ뺣ݳˮţֱѦǰںͷԺݴʷ£ϤСԱԹ󡢲Ʒ̣ͷӭ
Ҷ׼֣ɹٴģȻ̫ةáһ˵Ⱦ֪ԡ˰ݴʷæǰѯҶ׼١ñ㴫Ҷ׼˼Ϊ۲ʹȻҪһ·飬΢˽ãǳ͢Ȼʹֲ̣ܸ˻ʵɴ˴οĸ̫ةỵ́λ˱
û뵽Ҷ׼һУһڹԱʱ޴룬Ҷ׼̽ʲôõĶԼɴǶݡ


18
ҶѦ˵Ϣ̲סЦ˳С׼磬
Ѧƣ̬֪ȸҴףվһ죡֪ˣҾҸʧվȥ
ԩˣС׼岢δҪ΢˽õ¡ҸڣʲôڣһѾȥϼС˰ɡ
Ѧк˿ڲ裬ôһҾڳԴףˡ
ˡѦƺûƺҶһʱ죬תƻ⣬Ǵô죿
ѦֻϺݸӭӳ͢ʹʹûǵȾˣҪʲô㣿ģӦǴʷ˺в˾ʹˡòҪҶ׼ʲô©Ȼ϶ڱεǵɴ
ǲ֪ݸõһЩ飿
֪Ҳû˵Ҷ׼ֶŮڸҶ׼͢ʹܣ͵ݺݸĸ٣Ҳ֪
֤ȷͲݡ
֤ټ٣ڣǼƾ˵
Ҷû˼תȥүԴСϼһҲûȥˣһŮɽ
ȥ֮ǰ˶ϣҪϵ£з
֮ãѦеģٴμ¶벻Ǹ¶ŮӣȻʮһɶӾҶ壡ֶּʵŭ˲ûʼļ¶ѦԼֲ壬ڶҶ壬һ㺡
˵һΣҳɩѦ̬ط²豭Կ½һɣþͷϸȵĺٲȻ˯
Ҷ忴ˣֻ÷Ϣ
ҹ˾Ѧµ˫ۡ
ϣҶ׼ĵǴĿĺġݱѾʮ꣬ĺڶʹв˾СС¼¡˾޲ݵĹ˰˵ȫϽɹ⣬⾭֣ôһࣿǮҪȻ͸ס
õȻֽ֪ţӯʱҲֻ۱ֻۣϾӣûҪΪһǮ󶯸ɸꡣǹͲͬˣ˭ҪǻҸʵǮãûк³Ҳ⡣ѾﰵﾯΣѳŴΰӵĻԷ磬Բ̫֡»ĸѡӪһѾŭҪˡ
ץס˺ʱҶ׼λҶ׼ˣݵĿĲԶȻҪõݵطٵİѱǶһ֣ܴӪ
ݵĸƽֽԣҪһˡ
һʮգݸô̽Ҷ׼İϢݴʷʩЩżѦ
Ѧ֪ĿҶ壬ǽ˵ҶѺ
Ȼ鷢ǰѰѧϺԻҶ븮ֱϼһʱѦˣʹҶʧҲ뵽ȥ֮
ʩ˵䣬ҪҶ壬Ѧɹ֪߲ƣʩˣѦҡҲһֱվ˲ֱӻؾ
Ѧдʱվ˳˵ҶǰǰݿһλԶף޷͡ʩ֪ѦйİţҲܺѦҷֻȥ
Ҷ岻֪ѦеĿģһ·ʮȻԼȥչǰˣһֱ߷߲ƽϼҲϽų̣ڲŵִ֮
Ҷ˫һԾΪûϵҶҶԾΪȲ˰ײڴ
ɩǡ
üЦˣһ겻ϼ壬·Ҳˡǰվõȥߣ͸͸뾹··ʱһ̤ˤɽȣʶЩСˣµġ
žһ׵ô£ִ˵ʮ¶²أС㣬´ȥתһҪ϶ž飬㲻֪ʧٵɰŻˡҡ
ҵңȻҪôɽҰǹҪôͶˡҳѵˣ´βȥҶ㣬˰ɡ
ҶĻ᲻࣬඼һ˳ʱ򣬷һڳڣҲܾнδƤʱ¿Ѿ߶žദ֪һλ͡Ĵҹ㣬һʱ֮ΪĹۡ
žŤͷҶ壬ôϼˣǼʲô£
ǵûУҶûݣʲô¡
ȻңŶѹϼ塣
ֵҶɻˣҶ˲ݣôӦϼأ
һ˼ϸ£Ҷ˲֣ͳ˺ݹٸصضˡ˵ҪЮҶˡаߣȻҪİȫ
𡭡Ҷһɡ
ж⡭
ҶСһ죬ɩﻰҲǲϣѦ粨ˡ
һߣ΢΢ҲӿһοȻ봾עԵϣҶܺమأЯְͷҪѦȣΪ޷ȵԹż
뵽Ѧȣͷһ˵
ҶΪˣˣϢ
Ҷȥ󣬶žŲʵС㣬Ϊֹ˵Ӿ֮¡
ž飬ڸ֮ʱ㶮ʱʱү־룬ô˸ͲءӹйŮҰҹ˵ֻҵľˣװףؿɼһ֪һʮʮ٣Զסڿڣɲǰ
šžˣ˺Ӿ֮£͵ǶžѰġ
ЦЦϢˡ
ҹ˾˼ص˵ɽһ졭ʱ̫ɽҹĻ٣ˣ˴һߣ޷ȥ֮Ψд󺰾
λ尲֮ĺͼɣһˤ˹еġ
ڹȵ׵֮мӣ;λ˲Ұޣȫ¶ǣƾ¶ˮҰ˶׼
Ȼ壬֮㳨飬ԣԭ֮尲̣ԾӪ֮ȤҲ£Ըط˽⣬ټʡѧ̸Ͷ̸ھ񲻼֮ʱһΪ֮ǵѦС
֪֮֮࣬Ѧ⣬Ҳţ͸¶ѦҵĹϵӰѦң¶ˣԼǺݳС֮Ůꡣ
ദǸǡҲ˵徿ôģڱ֮ʱķݣ֪˵ļ¶Ǿһ顭˫ۣǿԼȥ֮
Ȼ촹֮ҵǣǾٻص䣬Ӵ˾͸øλڽ
ϼɽˮ㣬ִľ㰲ɽ֮Уǰһر̶̲ǰмԱǿѵĲ裬ȥ۱̣ˬνԴ


19
Ҷϼסʮ£ÿһ춼һҹߣζûһϲطദҲԽԽǢһλ֪ԵĴ㣬չˣСȱĸҶﷴϣС׼ٶʧ죬һʱ䡣
ɩɩܸΪʲôľɼḴž˵Ѿкóһʱûзˡ
ɼֻµġ꣬ûмʱݣëɱǷ纮Ⱦ˷纮ˡ
ǲǴүģҶۿʵֱ˵
ûд𻰣ΣЩ֮ʣԼÿЦ
̫ˣү˵ȥ𣿣
ٷˣ͵ǼС㣬ǧִ󣡡ž鼱ˣæ˵
һž飬Ҷͣ壬ͻСܶ㻹լʣ͸ҲѼԦȡѦҵĳӣҲʱõŮΪޡҲһûĸ׵СŮӣܼѦϱҸ׿Ѿĸ֣ԡҲӦ̫ࡣ
ѾԼѦҵĻԼԼĵλ˵˸ţҶҲΪҪǴоķ뵽ҶԼǿǷƵġ
ңǴбܺһˣҲЩ
ɵϣʲôѦҵĵӣѦҼҵļ̳ˣʹû㣬еǹٻҡѦסҲ˵ûĸ׵ĺӣĸ׽ڣռҵĵճŮҲ䲻Ѧδҷ˵š
Щ֮֡Ҫ˵λҲŸûеλĸ˫£ʲôλԡ
ЦЦ˵ˣ游ԶµĵϱһѾԷˣο㻹ǾүŮ˼ˣҰص𣿡
ˣΨһֻǿ͵ˣҶ岻븥ˣһ𴹵֡
壬ǷҺʹеĹ֪봾оѷ£Ҷ岻ǵķ»˺ܶ塣
ҶⲻȥֻǰһȪ˵֮£˵˵߾ߣġѦгɻĵһ֪ԼֻһöӣͻᱻѦУ¶ˮԵûҪȥں֮Ĺͽ
㿴㣬һ˵⣬һֲҵ۾
ɩɩ뿪ˣʹУп𡭡
ô˵ɵɩ
ҳɩ仰ϤΪѦҲֹһΡ
㡭𣿡ҶŤͷȥؿ
ȻǡûлرҶ񣬷ǸػӦ
ѿڶ̹ʻشԼһѵΪǸ֮
۾峺úʣҶ֪ûƭ
һЦĽ͡
ѧϵĺɽȵٷˣٷˣҶ˵ˣүٷ˻ȥ
ղ߶ϣʧգôˣҶ岻֪ǿЦ
һЦӣҲЦˣȥɣٲȥҪѰˡ
ѰңͲԶһء
Ҷһ˵һȴѾվɩɩһȥС׼壬ת뿪ˣе
С׼壿
Ǵ˵Ҷ׼۱常ͳҼ꣬ԾͽС׼
Ȼ򣬡Ľ㣬һλѵ塣
С׼˺ܺõģҶ֪ΪʲôҶôһ˵Ҫæǰæ׼׼ǣʵС׼ͲںЩɩɩʲôʱȥأҽʶǶǾ̵мңһлģ
벻Ҷ˲Ϊ֮Ӫ֮
ƾǻᣬ˵βڣĴ̣ϧڶξͼˡ
ôͿϧˣϧЦ
ҾС׼̣ܻΪѦүĴˡԣȥ˷˲ˡ
ҵԼ̹ͺáñִʱѾµָ֣ȴΪʢۣĲ磽⡣Ӫ®Ϊᣬ徻գ˴ŷƽͣĿ̩ԣҲգҲգɱ壬ԼúãǱĺá
ҶͷԺܿʰ׵ѧְѶúã͵ˡ
ҶҪϳȻסԣ㿴ǲǵˣȿٷ˵ģ˵߽жž𣬽˹
ȵ˰ߣºƳһʱȻ鷨ӡ£֮
ʱˣһҶߵǰҲûз
ɩɩҶŵػع
֮˭
ƺڲҶЩ⣬֮С׼尡Ҷ׼ֽ֮ĵ֮ҳɻʱҵģһֱߡ
ҶĻʼսžףæǰס
ɩɩôˣǴ˷ֲˣȥɣ
·ûҶĻȻĹˡǻôɡԳ֮Ҷ֮֮ͬͬҲ٣οֻͬɺ϶ѡɺ϶ѡһ߰οԼһȴʪۿ֮״ֳˡ
ҶƲΪľɼҪæʾžݡ
žŷתԺӱ˰ǽסҿҲ޴ˣһظȥɡ
ѭȥȴѦվԺУ
һţվȣҺжžס
Ѧ˹ȡžסԭʩ˲㶼ȥˡЩȥɣһԺеˡ
ҶΪ˷ֿãѦӦҲ֪ˣصȥģҲǷ֮£ϳȥ
ˣѦ磬Ϊ׼ҽӷϴѦҳϱϯǲáΪصȥһʱ̻ŵס߰ɡ
ȣҡˡ⸱жӣѦ棬ҡҾͲȥ˰ɡ
Լˣʲôϵ˵жҲ֫ȫҶ廹ǲָأˣʲô
ҡҾɼδʱɽһٴηҡ
˾ΣôҪļѵһ˳ϯӻûӰ˻ô룿ķǴУǲǴҲҪϯ
ֱвѦ¶֪˭ΪûϯЦ㡣
֪Ҷ˲֪֪˼ﲻ룿
Ҷ˵仰˵ʶ˵©죬æס˿ڡ
Ѿ׼ˣž飬Ͻʰһ£ϳ
ҲȥҶ׼Դ
˵ߺˣѦһǰץס󣬡ҲûأҲûأߣ
޳ˣȣˣлú˵Ҫ
ظ֮Ҫ˵ʲôԣڱһȥ


20
žʰ˼Ҫ˳ѦæһӣϸǰסֱۿүٷӲź˵㣬ɾڰٷǰʱ仹ˤȣòײȬһǺãſ
ԣˤȡɲܴһȵķ˳ϯᣬѦһмҶѾˣ뵽ѦȲӲߣһ˦ڵأžϽ½ס
ԼϳҰϳԼѡ
һʹüͷ
գѡãһȥסһ߳ȥģԺʲôۺûԼѡȡ
ΪһѦȺصǽʱ֣æ;Ӹ´ʱ
Ҷ׼Ҷ常ݵѦݷãҲδʲô͢ʹļӣֻǰ;ѦСҶȲ̸
̸Ҷ׼ѦԽԽͶѦ˿̰ظѪѦɹȴ׺ͣͥѹѦɹѦľλ;غݾ̣Ըڹٳֻѹ֣ңڡ
ϧѦڻѦҡ̡ھӪ֮ϷŲֽţҶ׼ϣҶĵ
ʱѵѦɹר룬Ҷ׼Ѧе̸űϣһǰԺͲ͡
Ѧ֪Ҷ׼;ӣͥԺȺǰո棬ӡ
ۼҶ׼Ѧǰ񣬡ȼҶˡ
Ҷ׼Ҳֻ񣬡Ѧү񣬽ҵֻ常Լˡ
ԼˣҶҲѦҵϱŶλҷˣ˿̡СռҳŮ
Ҷˡ
Ҷ׼ֻ񣬻Ҫڣ΢΢̧ͷЦݶʱס
աꡭ
׾ѦΪҶ׼һʱǲס֣ٸһ顣
Ҷ׼Цȫʧɫӳʼʱ𾪺ţתΪ΢΢ŭ¡ˣҶ͡׼Ѧٷˡ
ˤɽ֮Ҷ׼Ҳ˵ˣ˱Ӿصҽᣬ˶žҲûλӣȻҲ֪ǰҶ׼ǺˡֻǴʱŵȴڻΪСɼ˽ŵؽһߣѯʡ
ʵӣҶ׼ɫѾŭתΪһĨź͵ǡ
ڵɩɩҶ׼ı仯˲⣬ȴϤҶı֣һ󷽴ͥռңĪԨԴԣѦȽʱȰռҵ̧ģռҵʱС׼ɫȻʶӣֱŻʧ룬ɫ䣬ǣĪʲô£
ѦүɫףǷ
Ҷ˹Ȼϸ糾׾żз纮ѾȬУֻϻмֲɫѣްġҶˡ
ǲʾӦöǣô硭
С׼壬ȻѦү˵ްˣǾްǹͣѦȻҪȫҳ߰ɣүͷ˾õȡ˵žǰҶ׼ĸ첲ˡ
Ҷ׼ϾͬһӪݣԼ֮˻ǱȽϽģΨ˵˻Ƿ֮СȫȻĪҶ壬ֻǰݣҶ׼ⳡϯѦΨһϤˣʱҶ׼Ȱơˣæòֺ
һֱͷԷȥе׷Ҳ٣˵еĲƷҲжѦæҶ׼̸ҲϾ˼ı仯
ЩｻƱյķ֣Ҷ׼Ӧ磬ֻڳʧ˷磬ѦҵľһҲһغȣѦȵȰƣһβ䣬¶ǣʱ΢
Ѧɹ󱾻ΪҶ׼ǳǸѶ֮ˣⳡҲˣҲԷſЩȵñն࣬ҲЩ֧
ԼŵþҪιȥˣֽŶ亹ͷȫǽϯ֣ԽԽԶƺѾԶԼٳߣɫҲԽԽžѦȶѣѦȻͷȥ΢΢ü
ɩǲʣ岻ʲȻطϢɣﶼԼˣްġѦ棬ı仯ȫ
ѦеĻϯ˵۹ⶼͶҶ׼еľƱԽԽָؽ΢΢ף΢еľƶϡ
Ҷ帧֣סһۡ
Ҷ׼ٿȻɿƱ˫֣Ѧ˷
ѦҪؾѦɹûᣬȻʣȻطϢɡž飬ٷ˻طȣҲһȥչ
ѦȲ̫Ըæ˵ûԼѾ߻͡
վصлл岻ʣɨ˸λˣҾҶһ˵ţƱһûԶٶһҾ¶ǣֻƻգƵСʱšһš
Ҷ׼æƱҲһ˵ٷأЩȥϢɡ
ûٿתлжžھˣͷλ㡣˵žǷϯž֪Ѿŵ˼ޣæһѷס뿪
һЩΣѦɹЦ˼ƻصؿ磬
һҶ׼ԷĽϯ첽߳ͥԺҶ˵үס;ӣʱѦȵȺķλӦͥԺϽɡԽԽ죬Ϊе
ߵ;ſڱҶ׼¡
ĺȻ֣Ͷž鶼һŵ
ģ˶ںԺźҹʱһ·ˡ
ž鲻ԣ֪λǺ˼
ǿ򶨣ž˵ž飬ҺҶм仰Ҫ˵ſںţҡҶˣһ˵˵ţ߽;Ӵš
Ҷ׼ȥ߹ȣС԰һɽת˵תһ˲ȻҶ׼һѱ˻ܶһҶ׼΢΢ɿΪҪſˣȴһ̱Ĵ꣬ŵòᣬ˫ֳؿڣƿ
ǵҶ׼Ķ֣Ҷ׼˫ǵû뿪ˡſڻϴסʱ̴ܽڣ
ʶģ˼ƮϼɽȵǸҹ̹ԣ飬ģ˫ʵĺ󱳣ץסһݰסʼӦ
Ҷ׼һϲٶõʹ˿̶תΪ飬ʹסԼǿԸ
˲֪ãһҲûˣ̯Ҷ׼뿪Ĵ꣬ӵڻӣٴȥΣշת


21
֪Լôˣ񷨵ʹѦҲӲأǣֶָӵǸǾ޿ܡҶ׼ư飬һûоܾڶΣ޷ܾ˵һǱǰ鲻ԽأʲôѵĳѦѦʱڿ޳**𡭡
꣬Ҷ׼ɤɳƣżǵĴԡ
Ҷأ֮Ҷ׼
ϼңڵң䡭˵ţԼؿڣصȥ
סǿرۡ
һԺϯһѽƿ˵ϯɣ˾˻ˡ˵ţϸĵȥǶմȾĴ֬һЦ
Ҷ׼ץס֣ҶݳǷˣҲһλŮꡯˣҲҪѺݸõĻ鶼ϸϸġ㶼ˣҪƿң˽´ʲôʱ
ǡܼ𡭡ȵȻȥ
㲻ңҾѦֱӽ;ӣ
Ҷ׼Ȼһæס죬С㣬Ѧҡҡһ㣬㲻Ҫ嶯
Ҷ׼˵ãסںݹ䣬ʲôʱҶ㡣˵Ҷ׼ӡһǣȻȥ
ϱǵЩ׵ĴĿ뿪־£⣬һ𣿻˵ԼյĻﱻˣԼ˾Ͱѳֲסӳǽ
ˣˣԺټҶ׼ʹؿڼɽϣʧʹޡ
ϯֳ˰ʱ˶˲աҶ׼лѦҵ㷵عסҶѦбšҶ֪ķ϶ԭģԭܻйءҶ׼ҲҶҳĴʶռҵҲһȻ˵ҶҲʣ֪Ҷ׼ɣ˵Ի
Ҷ׼ΪҲҶһܴʣһ·߻;ЩĲɣԸкû⡣ѦмˣΪǼˣڳʱѦk˵£˲ӿһƵ
˷ѦбԹԵؿ½ҶѴϼصϸһ顣Ȼһġ塱ѭȥԭö÷壬Ҷڵء
ѵöһֱЯôѦ߹ȥҶҲȥֲֻƫУպһ
̧ͷ˿ԷҶ度ߵȥ
ѦнԳ˵֪Ҷ壬ҾͲûֵĶЦˣϾʲôûУʲôû
ʲô˼ģҪǾûֵҲ֣˵͸Զãͷȴ͵֪ʲô˼
Ѧؿż־ƾǰ˵ãҸΪʲôұλνδ㳤Ը˭֪ҹʹԴΪԼλ尲ͬĹλǻ˼ѡö壬ôҲ͸һɵˣǾͲˡΪĸ׺ȾزòˬԼغݣö壬͵ҵ⣬˳ˡҶС㣬𣿡
벻ѦôҶЩ£ʲô˼ΪΪδ޵벻
ֻˣѦΪ˵Щˣһ˫ǯסĴ
Ҷ循סˣڸʲô
ݼ뵿һŨصľζˣ˭
Ҷ彫һƿݺݵزԼ촽ŭĿԲؿűƵڵصѦУ֪֪ʲô
ô֪ҵӣǵ·˵֪֪ЩʲôѦվ
Ҷغˡ
Ѧгˡ븮ʮ죬ÿ￴ʱֻյԴҲʼÿݳû˱ϣҶ׼ֻ֣֣ܰӻ
Ҷתȥٿ
Ѧеľ𽥾òֻ֧ܰ彻ɵϣ˯ȥ
һ磬ҶʱַѿһˣѦгŵʱԽԽ
Լ˵ٷˣˣүһȥˣҵȥп
ϴҫѦҵĺ󻹲ڼҫĴУҶѦҵļҵ׿һȤҲûС
ʲôʱ
ʱˡ
ȻʱˣԼѦδԹ˯ôǱߵǴˡԼէֱֲӷԸСⲻҪˣ
ҶϴϹ룬תȴѰŰһ
зʨͷӡ۽źȫǺ㣡Ҷʱ泩
ү˵ҪȥʲôҶԺ˵һϲͨҶһ󣬳˺ð죬ʱ䡣
˵ߵ顣ţүԭô˵ġԿɲʲôߵֻհѦеĻ
ѵѦа֮ǰ˵ǷȥˣҶ߳Ա룬ȻʢǾȥ£˳ʲô˼˰ô
ٷˣүûѧϣѧ;ſڵء
ѧѧѹˡҶðһ˿ŭҲѧϾõȣӿٶȣ˼ڣѧһλںݸ۸ҵġ̩͡
˵ѦаеΪҫѦȷʵҫʱġ
Ҷ廹δ˿Ĺ䣡
غƽʮԶÿ䷿źߵƣеĺ߱ȽϷæģռʮ䷿ӡҴңŲմأӶ˺Ļƺʹһ·Сܵ**װжۻۡһרͻĿ̽ǢõģҲͷܶ
Ҷ忴ѹѹһƬ˺ʱˣ֪ôߣҲ֪˭ʡ
ѧϼԭûǰ˵ԣٷǵһϵ·ҲӦõġԵȣȥү
ѧһ·СܹȥʱͰѦġѦһ·æµ˶𾴣Ծóһ·ȥ
Ѧڴлġ
˯ˣʱѾ˰
ϯֵģľƣ
ѦЦЦǷ˿ҪӦĽźãԺи˵ķҪѦٷ˳ϯġ
ҶƲƲ첻
¥㣬Եÿɻϰߣ
ԭԼ׼š
СҶŭҵӦš
Ѧдһס֣ǣȥ
֡Ҷ￩һ΢΢ð亹
Ѧио˦ѵƣս˼֡Ҷ޷ֻǣǰȥ


22
еĻƺʹٶǣٷ˹ղǰԾó·ְͨߵĻƺʹǵϲϼҶģһԾظơٷ˺á
һҶ֪Ѧеˣˢˢкжʱ֮Ҷ̣ò˼СǺˣһ·ֻ΢΢ͷ
Ѧмߵӣ˵ôѦٷ˵ͷмּưɣ㾴ŮͷΣ
Ҷһۣͷ첽߽鷿
ѧϺԸ˲㵽ȺˣֻʣѦкҶˡ
Ѧ˷ܵߵһҵͼǰһͼһ࣬ռһǽҶٴξ̾
ĺߵ
һˣѦʹľòɫСǣԭģɫıǣǵġСԽ࣬ʾŵĴԽࡢԽܼ㿴Ǻһ
벻̶ʮ±ôĵҶϸϸͼģĺߺʹڣ󲿷ֶΧƴҵݿֹҵءũҵ߲Լ̸ͨۿڷֲġǰΪӭϳ͢Ҫرĳˡ尲ߣ˺ܶСǡ
Уһ͢ĸĸﲻأҶȻûˣѦôļҵһˣǳǧˡ
ѦһЦ˵ܳ͢ĲģôģҪֻҪǸߣǾͲû͢ջؾ䣬ǾӮóף͢ջأǵĴӲҲʵﹱ˰ĴԳ͢ǻҵɸǣҲӦù
Ѧ˵Ӫ֮ﶼڷŹ⣬ʱȷʵɢһŵһ˵ΡݵãѹϻŵŮӣǱӦһˡ
Ҷ屾ϲ飬ʱ䵽ȵס
ôҵĵ𣿻覴ã鲻ԣѦϲĳ´ʣߵǰ
ҶҾúܺáҾúòöҪؼҪ͵һ£
һ͸˵ˣҲͬ
Ǳá
ѦĶͷǲطʱܷ纮ˣȿȲ衣
Ѧߵ£裬ԭء
ǷǷٴǣ֣βǣˣֱӰԼ£ȻȦڻ
Ҷ屻һŵˣһҲҶ
Ҳûзȣû°ɣ
Ҷ忴̰򢣬Щ㶣Ǻ𣿡⣬Ҫ𰸡
ҵľӦúܲô
ǣֻǡ㻹ǲǵԼʲô
ѦпŻЩ֪ͷȻӿһּϧĸоϣģѾ¶ˡ
ͷٴӡĴ
Ҷ屾ʱܾȴûУӡϵһ̣ۡ
ǣᣬҲ繣۹أ̬̽ȡ
Ҷ˼ܻңǣûش⡣
ƿȥǸ𰸺Ҫ뺬
ҵȻ֪ʲô֪Ҳ֪
֪Ǹ𣿡
Ȼ֪ǵģҵĽᷢӣҶߡ塣Ѧضһһ١
Ҷ忴ЩãȻ㡪
Ѧ⧲ٴȥϸϸ۹صģֱߥ̴ڣǿӦԼ
ҶСճȭصϡ
ѦиСȭͷԼĺ󾱡
ҶһƬ磬ֻš
ٴΰƿ΢΢㲻˵꣬͸ô
ҺˡѦпŻ̹׵سϡһĸоʵ̫ãǵģʲôҪҲա
ʲô˵ҪҪ˵һѡضûˣ
㲻ӣӣȻҪЯϣԣҪ볤˵Щ˺ˣڿʼҸõġ
˭볤˵˺ˣ
طʱһȻ㱣ѵΪҶ׼ڳ˵Ļ𣿡
Ҷ˵©죬Ѧҹ񴡢ѦkʱһѦУǲˮġġġ˰죬Ǹʵ˵ڣ
ѦҲվ߽Ѧkʲôˣ
ʲôȨңҵʱ뵽㻹лԼδ𣿡
һȥʮֻ꣬Ƭֶδң㻹ǵδ𣿡
ҲǵˣݵҶǵˣҪҸ˵ʲôʲô
ֵѦˡǵˡʲôǵˣʮһֱȥǵԭͲڡȻΪһڵĶҲԼôꣿ
˵㲻ǵˣʲôǵ𣿡
ʱҲ꣬䱾ͺܴǳҡҡˡ֮֮˺ܶຣݵ¡ǳ֮ѾھˣµʹҵһƬհסһֱʣү¾ڲ£͵ҴûȥݣҲδľѦҡ
ҶʶסСָ˵Ǽ£ֱҪľȫ
ѦкȻ尲֮ʱ˵ݵ£ǵˡһֱǸû˵ĻҲ벻Ϊʧȥ˼䣬Ųϵ
Ҷ˫۷죬ۿزס𽥳ӯˮתͷȥĨһᡣ
Ѧеһӱסˣһѱסͷ㷢ӵڻ
ҶʵĻͷίͻʹ࣬һӶõͷţʪ½
ѦбҲӣҲʹ
ҹ
ѦշתҶ壬֪˯ţԼҲú˯⣬ζȥǲǲֵ죬˺üΣ˾ģߵ档
ذ̨ڴͷϣʵôˣ
֪һҶСҲ˯
Ϊʲô
ÿᵽǼҾͻʣĳ̫ˡ˯㲻ΣԸ˯
ôҭʳѦ̾˿˯˾ͲˡᣬҾϱ㡣
˵ѦоԹԵ˴ҶＷ˼ȻӦ¡
㡭Ҷһţ֪ʲô
˯ɣѾʱˣٲ˯ֻţοû¥ĵĵ㡣
İ˯ȥѦУҶ廹Ȧ״̬УȻһ£Ȼ˳Ȧ˻
½΢΢˳ϣĴһȵĴŵæ֡ҺܱһƬʺε˫һᱻЦ
һᣬѦеĺѾϸȥӦ˯ˣҶŽ˯ȥ
Ѧа˽¶һĨЦ⡣


23
Ȼһҹߣ
ҶֱţºԼȻȵ˯һȻѦ˯ԼߣæԱ߿ȥȴûӰЩǲһΣϵĵȷȷеˬϢ֤
ԣҶͷ⿴˿ǿһˣϰߵػԡ
һᣬ
ԣүһȥ
δ˵꣬ȴ˺ȻѦУ
ˣүһȥţ԰ɡѦЩЦã˵
Ҷڴϣµ½󴹿¶һĨɫĶǶѦпһۣƲˣ΢΢ס
Ҷ忴ɫԣһԼһæҴ½ٴǺ졣
ѦŻعεĸɿתߵĲ£ϴ
ǰ࣬ԵЩΡ
ܸ˵ʲôȻΧ̫ˣҶ˿紺˶˵춼ûȥţ˵ʲô𣿡
ϱǸ˻˵ʲôѦмһˮϺȣҶš
ˣҶһ⡣
ѦתۿЦЦ
ҶˣʱĿԲһۺͷԡͷĻҪЦԼˡ
ѦоԲ˯ˣӦ˯˴ϡʼҶ岻ϰߣҪ˯źŰ˯ҲӦˣ˾ͨްȻΨһ𣬴žǻǷνġܹ֮񡱰ɡ
ֹ˼գѦкҶ鷿Կ飬ԺȻ˵Ҷ׼ˣȴûֱӽ;ӣͥԺС԰ͤϵȺ
ѦԼоҶ׼ںݵѾ׶Σ˵Ѧһ򲻲ڸۿЩϲǣѦҷգҲ²͸Ҷ׼Ϊ¡
ҶҶ׼ܸˣһ·СܹȥͥԺߵС԰
Ҷ׼ԶԶѾվȺ
Ҷˣ֪˷úǺ⣿
ֶ˵ôô⣬ڶ̩ĺ˵Ǵһֲ
ѦӦûе͢Ĺ˰ɣ
ûСûУ˳úܣֶ㲻ҪġˣҲԼ˴үһƷ裬ô;˳ĪݲѦү̸£
Ѧɻؿ;ӣʱæźߵͰҶ壬Ѿòʮżе£Ҷ׼ѦȺˡ
ԣȥ;һδү˵ҶгϣҪҶ˵Ĺ¡
Ҫȥȴžһ·Сܣ;ֱͤ
ҶˣүٷˣҼҷ岻ʣү˵ͣԡλү¡ҼٷһãصǸ
ٷ岻ʾˣѦүأҶ׼ۿŶž飬ͷ΢ŭ
Ҷˣү˵Ҫչٷˡ͡
ѦмҶ׼ɫԣͱ֮ƣǡѦֻǹѦʮżжѣҶ׼ӦֻһصĽɫ֪ΪŭѦȱ̬ܶҲʮֹ죬֮ǰʱͥԺеȺҶ׼кŹ˰²̬ȾȻ˴ͥ
Ҷ׼ɫѣѦֻܳԲҶˣȻֲ㣬дҲһģʲôֱ˵
Ҷ׼ǿѹŭѦһۺ㾶ֱ;ӡ
ѦҶ֪ιʣ࿴˶Էһ۱󣬷;ӡ
ҶҼңʲô˼鷿ˣѦб㿪żɽ
ֶúùܽһѦүȻʲô¿ɱ׼ҷ顣
ֳӪѭ浸أΪʲô˴ˣʾ
ѦУҿȫ˼ڴ֪ҵĶ̩Ǯׯôתģֻܽ⣬УʱҲ仰ѦүӺɷ򣬱¾֪Ů㣬ﻹǴٷˣһвͨΪмŮ˵û£
ȥҹҶ׼֮Ӧû򵥡̩ǮׯҪۿںصĻͨ⣬Ҷ׼ô׵ʣǾ˵Ѿ֤ݡңѦӦҲ֪ԼĳЩ¶·ȻҲ˽ȥҶ׼ͼƽ¶ˡ
УѦһ̣Ѧҵ˾͸ҽһ̣뿪ѦҴլ벽Ҷ׼ضѦУ̬Ȳ๡
ھȥͷ˺д常ˡҶ׼̬Ѧо֪̬æȥѦɹ顣
Ҷ׼;һֱʱֱӳѦſڣȥ
Ѧһҹߣճʱ̽ӻرԭһҹ֮䣬ݳѾ죡
ݴʷʩв˾ʹƣѾ̫ةӡš˹ٷв˾ﶯáв˾һڹԱʮˣѾ˺ݸôΡ
۲ʹҶ׼ʱв˾ãںݸĽ˰Ȼɻв˾ǰЩ**͢ɳĴ¹ٲѾﺣݣҹв˺ʮеĵˣҲһѺв˾Уе
ͷĸΨһģֻѦҡ
ѦɹҶ׼פصɣڣͬӪĴ²״ѦңңҶ׼ѦйصһЩ֤ݣౣѦҡ
Աѱƣнѱ񣬺ݸв˾ı̽ͨ̿ڰ˰ʵбȻҡ
УС䲻˽½רõĹزؽһڹԱˡ尲ȵأ߼뵱زгʹӦǮҲ򲻵ġ¡Ȼڡʿũ̡һȵͨϣʹʼɨأԶʵѭΪŭ
ϢѦɹΪ𾪣һƫ̻Զ۾Ȼ飬˺ݵצ̰³̶ȿ֪ѦԴѦͺѾܿ͢ѦҵҪ⡰̩͡ˣѦнӹܺȫת棬ںݸúв˾ĲΪ𽥳ȡ롱ġ̬ȣټҶ׼շ˲ⳡ粨ȫˡ
ѦȹϽʮżУ漰еҵ˵ûвһЩһڻѦɹ֪һҲ˽ʵʲ̶ȣҲڹڳ͢ѦҲ﷭ѦɹʱľսǰѦȽн鷿һ졣
Ѧܲܳ׶粨δֳ֪֮ռҵİӣ©ҹ꣬ͷ磬ַӻᱻռǣѦܲһ˵ȶ羪֮񣬴Ҵ
ΪѦȹĶ̩Ǯׯǣ浽ݹ˰ѰѦɹԼҶ׼ΪѦ˵ȥκﵣԼӦ겻һҪ游׾̵㡣
ǴμڳҲΣֻ˵˼ǶǵĻûгѦȵУͼԽƲ¸Ҷ׼Ҷ׼ϴʾܾ˴˶ñ㬶ء


24
ѦһҲᣬռһüޣòܡҵɷԽʹûʼùƷﵱԴѱѺռ¾ڼңáòȥһҶ׼ΣΪԼĸףԼռٿ
ѦѱȻпչﻹͼ㣬ΪռҼͶҽʲô˺Ѧҵ¡󣬲Ż׿ϣȥҶ׼һΡ
ںݹĺԺٴμҶ׼Ǵλ԰ᣬ¶ĲټǿԼǣϧԸΥվӲȦӡ
Ҷ׼ſţ㡰ͨһ¡֪ǰܿҲ֪ΥףҲѹԼĸ飬ǿԼԽߡݵһֱǿװļ˲ʱ˵һ֡
ҶˣСŮ̧֣Ҹһ·
һҶ׼Ĳ߷Χڲ鴦˰ʱʩͺƹģ½ȡϢ󲻸ֱӰ˰͢Զŭ֮ذ죬ϲ麣ɷ˽ԵרùƷһ£Ҷ׼Ȳ֪飬Ҳ޷ơ
֪֪ԽԶЩΪ͵˰ṩĲ֮ͽأΪݸṩŽ˰Ĳֿ⣬ΪĲٴƯȾϴȥ˰ö֮ݿгЩ֪㸸׺ҶһĨȥ֤ݶٸɸɾǣԽǴ°참ԱֵģѾ˱µϣô㣿
˲Ҳ𣿡
㵱ʲôˣλΪһ̴ŭգ
һʱʣǲǳ˭
ˡܱҸһԸУȡ󡭡
Ҷ׼ʱŭһ𣬶˵һˣҶ׼ҪʲôŮûУΪֻǿ⸱Ƥô
㿴ʲôУҪҶ
Ҷ׼ƺҪһ㣬ֱһ͵ʹüͷ
Ҷ׼ʶԼʧأڰſ侲һ˵ȥɣͻسˣܾܲҲҸ㱣֤ǣһƴȫϾ㸸ס
˵꣬Ҷ׼ת뿪ȥıӰ֪Ȼ˹ȥڱһѱס
˳ˣ̫䣬ʵ۵ұۣ߹ٺ»ٻ֮
ǺݵһҶƼ
ǣҲˡ
Ҷ׼ãȻ
ݵ꣬һ͸ķε⡣
ڹԱƵķУҶ׼Ų֪Ϊ»ǺɪɪԽԽеȸһůĶů
飬ϼǸҹѱȼټʱõĿѹ֣Ѿȫû
˭꣬ռС㣬ѦٷˣںֻҪ
˵ǣ֪ʱѾܲɷ֡Ҷ׼ر˫ָıأƵ䣬ʼҵؽ
һеĶ޷΢ҡҡϢң΢΢ƿ˫ɵؿƻӣƺ
Ҷ׼ٴμеĴľѣ繡
˫ۣ׷ſٴα
Ҷ׼һȳأԼδңνԷ䷨ͷ΢΢ð˺
鼱֮£һѳ½Уеܰů
Ȼףƺδ¡
סð˫֣ᰲ侲ŻɿȻֵԼ䣬⿪ٽ⿪´ᣬ½󣬽
뿪ļ󣬽˿ʸУٶȻ׹أ¶˽׵¡
ߣڳܲסҵĿ⣬˽Ļ
һδŮ֮ᵽһõĸܡԴ޸ѦȣһҩʧԻ߱ǿȽܵ״̬неģԣֻ޾ʹ裬Ͽԣá
һ󼲷羢ﶼ
Ҷ׼ѳ˯ȥ˯գֲᣬˣ¶Ů鰮֪ԼǸϲǸñ
ҲҪˣس֮Ի̹;ݾһУһ¶ˮԵҹλʱƽһξˡ
ǣôοԼûãỹǵüġҶ׼˯ƺо죬ü΢ü΢Ȼ˯û
üӡһǣ˳ȥǵζ飬Ȼ´Ȼȥ
صѦѽʱӦѦˣжžԼϸ˼٣Իطȥˡ
ǰŸߣҶž͵˹䡣Ҷ׼Էǰ˺һŶûӦԱʱźȻˣҶ̧ŽȥҶ׼ȴһ£ߣԺ̸
Ҷ׼˵תϷţԺеͤ¡
Һ£
Ҷ忴һ࣬ȴмƮǣʵС׼ôˣôһҵӡ
Ҷ׼˶˵Ѧһٶǣ˽¼ֻ˻
˵ҲеҶͷ˵С׼壬¡һشүɩɩɥĸûһĸֵͬܽãֻүһףôĿ¿ڶ£ҲΪɩɩд˷ţش磬ռҵİӣҲ˵壬ϸ˵˵ΣһΡ
벻ҶϵôãҶ׼Щɻˣʶ£ôģ
˵ʶ£һ֪Ĵˡ
Ҷ׼ٴɻˡ
Ҳ޷֮ǰǴеˡ
ʲôҶ׼һڡһվŵضҶ塣
ššҶ忴˿ܣæ£ȥˣȥˣֻǴеĳɩû˽飡
˽顭ۣҶ׼Щ˸
֮Ҳ;ﲻϣһҪҽ񴡣
Ҷ׼ӹǷţ˻˵ͷ
Ҷ屾ѦΪʧǣʱѦҺռҶƮҡһ²һ£ǻߣ˻ȥ
ȥɣʱѦҵòҪκγ͢ԱнӴţһ
Ҷ׼źݵĳɹس͢ǰдµʹȶռһáҶ׼ߵĺˣͬӪȻҪӣȻδԿࡣ
ݳǽָѦⳡͷˣ˳ߵںݵ׳
Ѧڶ̩ǮׯĺΪѦɹ̩ʮżа룬ѦйϽ£Ѧȱסʮ˼еĹϽȨɶȴǰеľӪ䶯ҪѦɹ׿ϡ
Ѧ벻ôķ粨꼰ѦңʱЩԴԼһٺǵ֪жݣѦɹĹʤƣʱʱڷнĴŭٲø


25
Ҷ׼سĵһ£ǳúһĶ磬־ƽ׼ĸĸҶԣ͢ȫȨʵﹱ˰óҵ߾פݵð䣬Ҳɾ
ĸگһ£͢ġ̡ܴۣҵ񼸽նҴӶʢʱڵġһӵ̣ͨˮڰ˳ϡ
ѦѾɺߵںȣȫݸг䣬⺣䲻ܸĸӰ죬ѦҵĴӷæɣ̩ʹҵһ̵ĵλ˿ܺ
תѵݹٳ˰Ѱѽβݹٳϴһ֣κݴʷв˾ʹΡԱκһ̡ϰߣֻǼ򵥵طһ¡
ݵķƺЩת䡣
ΪռѾ˼ңԼһھ졢ŮΪѼѦңŵ⡣Ѻʱ䣬ӣͷݴܣռͳʹǮ£ռС˲δ̫Ŀࡣ
ӣѦȿɲԼë𣬸ɴֱӰ;ӣͬİ·Ѧҥ𣬶˵ѦүѾд飬ֻҪүһ˲ͻΪѦҵ
ȴһҲںѦȰ;֮ˣżЦݣѦµҥҲ⣬żž˿ڽʱοž飬һӡ
һգڵ˴¶һоռҲƲȫû٣ռʮžϵ뵺ʮӼŮԭ￪͡ռҵѾϤû٣ԼļױΣռҵĹ¶ĸðһСլͷΪռҵ⣬ĴϵǰĳׯׯȳЩֹƸռŮ벻࣬ǽ±⡣
Ի˰͵ת˹º̫µȡ֤ݶʼٸߣ尲µò˲ǣֻǱɱΣһֱΪùƷͽ˺Ͷ尲Ĺ͢ȫ벻Ǳ尲м̽áĽȻЩ⣬ŲŲҪؼԶ۲ˡ
Զ֮ԲŴº̫µѶҶ׼Ϊ׵İ참Ա֤⣬һҪԭ򣬼ΪľȻҲҶ׼Ľۣ֮ǰɴµ̬ȴͥҺݸ˽ع˰һѾֵǷ꣬永̲ǣ࣬Ĳȡʱ˺͵Ļ£һ
תӱҪ̣ѦǴѺԱ˵ߺϵ·һӾḻĴͬǰ˾ͱܿ½·ļΣաݵڴ˼˳緽Ӧÿܺܶ
Ѽ飬һѾֻһƽϣƽ˳죬ͬʱΪԼŮһʮ𣬵ѦҼߥޣҲһʱͿռùƷг
֮ʱ⽫иѦУгһܻŻغݣصţرʬλҲҪ
һҹ׷ĸ׽нԶںݸʧʹޡ
ռһ䶨ѦȰ;ӣѦҴү򸾲͵ĴԷǵûƽϢҡ;ź˵ٷ˷ǳүһңүһǿٷֵòɢ
Щҥټ٣ұǰŰɣϵ˺ൽڸʱˡ
ѦɹϾ˼ǵ֣ΪѦ˵Ĳٴμأݴ˵°ˡ
ѦСҶԼ׽żŮ컹ã£һѾ߰ģѦǴмͷգֱƣڱæҲæѦԹۣ䳰ȷ
ǰϦѦûаȥ徣ǰֻһԸϣѦҶ御ӣʱźѦлҶҵڣҶȴһڴӦŵܿӡ
˿Ѧ˿˵ǺЦȪΪѦɹĻﰲȥġ֮ʱܷؽסѦɹ֣ǾᣬǶ֣ΪѦƺѾòѦү˾ˡ
ѦȴִΪǴһӵίߵģֻǵǸദ˼ʮ˽ˡ
Ѧ˵ѦɹܴĴ޵ĺ£Ѧ⣬ѦүѦྴȴԵ𡰶֣һˣЯͬеĳ涼ûΪѦүֻ谮һˡ
ѦɹʹȱϯѦ޷ֻΪĸɥص
ĸ׵ĺºѦʱ꣬һκȵҶ忴ʹܵҲܲζ
Ѧкܹ֮ԣճͥҶëûҶڲ
Ȼץס֣ۿ
ҶͣжһֻĦôˣ
壬֪͸ҵģ
ţ
Ѧڴϣս֣˵ѦҴˣҲ֪ҵ谮ģ
ҶͷǵǺģλȨһȱ˵仰լû˸Υ
ѦһҪģЩ
֪ҪĲЩֻǡοɡ
޵ĲֻǼһİķ䣬ÿֻСˣ֪ȣһҸȡ
ô˵ҶѦүѦ˵¶ʱ˺ģ˽飬ǡôһģ
游֪ģʿںһֱڳΪ٣Ҹкܳһʱ䣬ڳ˶ȹġ游Ӫ⣬ȴǸ۲۵Ķˣһֱϣҵܼ̳־ιƽ£ǡǱɫһλŵڵŮΪޣǾ޹Ժ游Ҳʼ˾ƽ׼̽ҵ־ڴᵽ˾ƶȵ̻˶¸³غݼ̳м⣬ҽҵ˵һͰ𣬴˺游Ķ磬ѦһԾΪٮٮߡ
أҶʵѾµ˽֣ϣתۡ
ѦпЦҡҡͷںС㣬Ȼ󣬾మ˰ɣܿȢǺ̵СұСûôĹԼԸãҸ׸־־ηһʱҸܵױȵʺͳ죬ЩСѭ浸ءԳֵĸ߱ġ
Ѧ˫ѷ죬ʹرۡ
Ҷӿһ۵ĸоĦӣһЩο
ֳҶֻͬ꣬ҶСһ£ԣ֪Ҹ׶İжȲЩĸ׶ʹϡҾ游رϣһνĵӣҸϡ


26
ѦҵӣҶܣæοǵģҾ϶򰮶ģ򣬵һֱ
ѦһЦ֪𣿴Сµӡ̰ģǸֳչ¶ģȴޱȵĴȰͳ硭
Ҷ岻ٳʹת˻⣬˵Ǻ⣿
ŵڣԾӪ֮ºȤټһ£ӲϲͭˡѦҵ˻ԴѾɶ̳Уһ֧ѾעιƽԵˡϣȢһλ˼ҵŮӣԣ游ΪҶ볤ҶҵĻԼʱǼȾϲʮġ
ԡһֱϲңʹһûţ
ȻѦڶ֣ҵĻԼͳһֽˡ¡Ҳ֪ˣΪ˳ϲԼȡҶ׼ԺѦҵ֧֣Ȣ㡣Ҷ׼֮²򣬳ϲǣ˵ףĸס㡣
ԡǿĻǲģ
Ѧиӣǣ˵أ
ô֪
ѦڲزסЦ⣬ԼؿڣĦ㷢ͷȻǣʮֿĵġ
ҶĵЦ
һᷢѦû죬ҶԴȥŷԭѾ˯ȥҶεЦЦ·ɺãҴñӣס
ݹ˰ѰϺ󣬺ݴʷĶͷ˾ڶʹΪβϱأ̺ҪԱκڶʹΣһͬģκв˾¼¡¼ΪʹҪ٣Ʒײߣݿء
ѦаɥڱлͣҲһ˲³ٵĵ֣ѦһŲŲʣֻѦҳŮZ磬Ϊźݱݵְò⡣
ZѦʱȴλһ𵽷ãѦɹĻ䣬ܼ£ӴǳͥԺһȴ˾ȻҶ׼ѦkһǾȣ֪ιʡѦѾ˹μѦ˵ɥѦkȻϯģٵѦңǺιʣ
벻ⱲӻܼҶ׼֮ǰĻΪȫǽڴľϣ֮ǰĻΪͳһεļѹʵʵ
˵ĵѦһ𺳵ϢκڶʹȻҶ׼Ѧkв˾¼¡һΪѦұֶһѦףͬһţַͬӪѦɹ֮£˼ֵǣ˭ʤ˭Ѧƺǣ
ѦҼɥڣȻûϸ硣Ҷ׼ֻ°˳ټһŵüֱ޷һǸ磬º˫رףѾٱԵ
ͬйҰģѦСΪ³ǺӣѾҪְѦkѡﶼȥȴѡغݣͼʮԡĪҪֵĳŵİɣһǰڳˣ׿ŵʱ죬ὫҶ幰á
˿ѾǳʱˡѦڳ͢ĸ˳ƽȶȹ̩Ӫҵʵ볯͢룬Ӵ˲䣬ֻҪȴӪ̫ҶüֵӦѾûˡ
ҹ;ӡ
ѦҶһȴڼ£νͬΣĪڴˡ
ԭЩب֮͸ңһֱڣѦkĳ֣õ֤
֮ġڵģ⡣ʱһ仰δѦkʮŮ֮飬Ҳ޻ɻҶûĻ֮ǰѦkʱ˵Լ㣬ȥ룬ȥ⣬㲻ڡ
ѦkˣͲٺ⣬ΪѦkѾסѦңÿ춼棬һţһ죬ʱؿദôǿ󣬶֮ܶ΢Ӷ
ҶʧߣΪģȷʵҲˡ
СѦkİĽ֮һǺڵģŨңҲ̹ҺޱʮܶԺˣѦkӲԶİ⣬ЩѦж٣ļѦΪ飬һƬհ׵ġ
Ѧkĸ飬ܸӣǰ㣬ֻǵ֮顣֮Դû޸ΪѦ̬ȣ뷨
ʹʵѦkߣĳ֣Ѧлô룿ߣʹˣѦл
ԽԽң˼·ԽԽˡ
ȻѦץס֡
Ҷһת˹ȥ
ҵӣҲ˯ߣѵˣ
ûûС
Ѧֻ̽Ȼǣ
ҶЩңæƳһѦСҹɫ̫壬飬ʹࣿ
ģkˣǷʵָı䲻ˡ뵽վɥĸ֮ʹҶʱҲŲ
Ƿޣȴûз޵ʵ
ǡô˵ʲô˼ҧĽ֣ҶЩˡ
ѦkǸˣǲǷܿܿˡ
أ
ڱ֮ǰΪҵŮˣ
ѦһҶѹ£
ŵˣæסţ
Ҫ
㲻Ը⣬Ҳ㡣ֻҪ˵֣뿪䡣
Ҷ岻֪ʲô̼Ȼ䡣ǣЩûã˺Ϳ
ǺүӣݲǸԼѣܾõģȥǵվɣ㡢㼱ʲô
ҲãֻҪ𰸡
ôȻҶ벻ͨ˵ǿҵġ
Ǹ𰸣Ǹ֣Ѧڰڲס
Ҷͷȥٴ𻰡
ѦеһӣȻ´뿪˷䡭
ҶֱӣȴߵþҲû˼ˣǾȥɡ
һ磬ŵĲ϶һ꣬Ѧпһۣɫؼòͣ͵
ܿ뿪˲ѦɹͬſƫĴűѦв
һ˵ˣĸʬδǾȲˡѦһãй°񣬲Ѧɹ󷢻뿪
ߵͥԺȻҶȻѦkһ˵Ц߹
ѦУҶϵЦʧʶѦkһξ롣
Уk˵էԸϵ·죬ߴ·ײ˳ͥԺ֮еһߡ㡢ôͳԱҪȥУ
ҶԼһ˴;ӳϵǲˣ˵Ӳֱӡ֤Ĳ룬ѦkͷһЦѦ˵ôȥˣҽ𣬻һһԸţͨͨ飬ϾûһЩˡ
ѦʼնҶ壬ȴڶĿ⣡
žˣûʲôĵġǡ


27
תȥıӰһҶʱӿһίۿ˲䷺죬ǴʱѦkԣ¶ΨסίԺȥ
ѧϣȥۿڸͩ壬ȥݵĴҲһȥȥнһЩ󣬱ϵۿϣڸۿڵһ¡
ѦвǰУһ·һ·Ըѧϡ
үôôͻȻ㻹ʲôûʰأҪڻȥ֪ͨԣٷ˰ʰ
ˣʮʲôʰġˣȥۿͩɡ˵һ˦ޣ۳
ѧϼѾֻܵתۿڱȥ
Ѧɹֱʱ֪Ѧ뿪ǰݵϢʱΪеƶˣʣ˵߾ߣ
ѦɹҶô£תͷһ㱵ӣ֪Ҳ֪ѦȥݵļƻСӹҲ˳Ѧɹ鷳ƣûԼڷϯˣʶȤæȥסĸ첲
Ҷ忴һĻѦ˵Ѧ˵ίᣬȻ˼֡ǣѦ֪ĸ׵ίô֪ίö˶˵ʲôҲûڰҹﱻ¶ؿշһ޶ڵãֱȥݣһֶû
ԴǴȥпߵͼ˻ѦоʹûԹҶڣǻίҲԲ·ѦɹϯҲˡ
һȻӣ֪ìˣҲǰѦװչҶΪϯˡ
첽׷ȥãȵҡ
Ҷͷͣ˽Ųô˿յԲ˲ᡣ
ãôҲԣ緹緹㲻㶯ӣγܵס
ɩɩûθڡ
ɣԴϴϼһֱûʱú˵仰
˻԰ͤ£ַԸžȥȡģ֧ǺʵʹֱŤˣ
šɩɩ治ôˣkһǻ˸һڸ֣һԾȥݣֶûҽһ¡
ЦЦ֪Լںʲôˣ
Ҷһɻʲô˼
Щ봾йϵʱ˵λԼ˵㡣
˵ʲô
˵ʱϲһСŮںǸŮȴò뿪ݣȥ˳ˡ֮ǰȥȴ͵͵һңǸϲԵӣһСﶣ˳Ҫţţһֱȡ
һңԼҶ˳˼
ʲôǵҵҲǵˣ
μһ˺֮żģҲǶ϶Щģӡֿ죬һֱ֣ߣǵ˸һҰ
ҶԴһЩϸڣȻʲôһԼԴˣʱҵһ١еĶˡ
ǿܴоǰİء
ԭԼšǣʹôǳ֮ʧȥںݳǵļ˰
ãڴв뿪ʮ£㶼Ϊûһ佻ί뵱꣬һȥʮ꣬ʮ궼ûֻƬ˵ί
ҶĬԣ֪Ѿȥˣּ˵ңڳ˵ʱҵĶүҲܣүİĽ֮飬Ӳֵ˾֪װףǵס˵ڿڰʮ˶䳰ȷЩСĥĴˡ
ɲ𣬾֪ѦϢҲĻһΪԼרǸˣȴָоζӳ£Աο֪Ѧк֮µʱѦֻһģӰӣѦȴڶڴʱѦkҥܵ˺Լܵģ˰ٱ
ɩɩлл㡭
ʲôлģЩø˵ģһֱûлᣬԼң͵鵽ˡǶүҲ֪Ҫϵʱл˵ء
˵ţžȡ˵
ŰϵĵģҶǸѦΪ¥糿Եŵ糿ͷЦˡ
ͷ΢ЦʱοҶĸоѦеĸϢϢءҶճѦʱһʼɺͲʵģҲΪѦ֮ĸ黹һ˿ನ£ܿڵȻ
ԴҶ׼ֺѾȫѦǷݲ֪𡢲֪գŮʱʸ顣ڣ֪Ҷ׼ʤߵˡʱҶѾһλϧˣΪҶ׼ˡ
һ̸ҶһԼģҪϣԼѦkͶѦУȫͬĸ顣
޿ɷϣѦkĸ׺񣬵Ҳ׺Լƽ޹ʵ뵽ʱԵɵػĶЦѦоͲһ֪ʱʼʹֻ֪ȥ˴Уʱͻֹסţǻ᲻Ծչ¶Ц⡭
⣬ԶԼƭԼ
߱룬֪ѻص;ӡ֪ΪʲôûѦе;ӣû˼Ȼ߻Է߱߷ԸԴˮϴֻ뾡˯ţͿԲЩ˵ˡ
߽ԷʹرһĻ
һг
һ˲Ĵͱˣû೤
һˬϢ뵶𽥽Χ
ƿһȻ
ѦУ㲻ȥôڷ
ҽԼԷҪ㱨
ǡֻǡҶеˣ⾿ô£
ѦǰסĦ㷢Ķ̫ˣʻˮҾͺˡͩһ̲ͣĸ˻
Ҷֻί˳Сճȭͷϵشš
ѦԽ˵Բ𡭡
ȻǸҶе㲻ԼĶ䡣
㲻ǾԼ𣿸ﻹҵǸ
һֲˣΪѦеѾܼ䵽ĶͶϣֻöȵụ̀ܣʶض
ȴԽԽӲֱڻֻܷ
ѦЦˣһýſһգգض
Ҷ屻ò˼ˣֻܶ
УܸһʱҪúһԼĸ顣
á
Ȼ붼ʹӦˡ
ʱ㲻ܱңܴңҲΪk硣
á
ȻҲӦˣ


28
ҶЩһͨҪ˵ģڡˣ
ôˣʲôҶӦ
Уǲʲô£
ȻΪ˿²òģѦһĴ˵ڴæĽŲմأʱ£
Ҷ룬˵úҲе
̸˰ɣڡǿԾˣ
ѦȦס߸߱ҶȻ߸ߣĲȣŵһ§סѦеĲӣ
;ԷڴһЦͽѧϺԻһЦԾ¡
ڶʹפںݳǣҶ׼յα㿪ʼǰκݴʷһصݸԼв˾
ѦkΪ°Ҷ׼곸⣬òӪİѱȥȻŭʱѦҲù뾡취Ҷ׼Ĳ磬ЩѦ˵
Ѧ˼أѦk𽵹һ¼ʱ֪±ĶйءټϾǰʱĹ۲죬ѦȷҶ׼עվѦкҶһߵģԼ벻ķۣ£Ҷ׼ֱǳ롣
ѦΪԼռҵã߿Ѧƽɫռ永۵׸Ҷ׼ȴ·ͨƷڶʹΪһ֣Ѧе
ѦҵƽԽԽѦбշ˶̩ǰԪϺѦ˳Ȩյļ̳ˣʱѦһѦȼֵλѦԽԽżֱʳʡ˯޵ĵز
Ҳͨһ˵ĵˣԼѣȻѦkվҶ׼ѦеĶ棬Ҷ뽨ҵȡλˣǺβ飬ΪͬˣмıͲһ֣֣ѦkĪ
עһѦȱ㿪ʼѦk٣һ̽ȻѦkһֱڲ߸Ҷ׼һ£֪ϢѦϲ˸ʱ佫ѦkԼżɽ
ѦkûѦȷֻڱԼ߸ٶͷ˾Ҷ׼ݹٳ֪ССв˾¼±ȻСúүӣҲûƷСٷֻһҶ׼סѱ˵ѦᵳӪ˽͢ٻ๥ڦǾˡ
ѦԴҲ벻ô࣬Ѧk¶ˣӦ֮¡Ѧkû뵽Ѧȵθô󣬾Ȼ̩ͣ
տʼѦkѦֻǳ˵ΣϾѦеλ̵£Ҫ¶̩ͼֱǲܵ£ܲûغǮׯ̩ỹδ֪֮ѦɹȻ谮ڵĵز
벻ѦȴԵõؽԼļƲ߸ѦkѦkһ벻ѦȺȻôףסˣȻָǺϻؾѦȵġԼΪ֣ݲ
ѦkмѦֻۣܼͬӿҶ׼ĵ顣
Ҷ׼ݸһֱæΣԼɨСԼƣƵæͣÿ춼۵һմͷ˯Ųա
òˣΪֻҪƲסѦķߣӽͣѾεѦĴš
ƴ⡣
ǣȴԽԽżʼټѦѵ²Ѧk£˺ݸõһʩС覴ãʲôҲۿںͽϵĲԽԽܡԽԽʵʼѦkͨ뺡
Ѧkںݵ£ʹæΪ£ҲûֺҶ壬ֻҪһʱԴϤݳΪԼȥ
ѦмȻӦҶ㹻ʱɿǣĲٸǵΪ
ѦkҶҥԣٴѦ
ռѦһڻ԰ˮ鿱ߺȾƣɻҲҶ̬ȣǱ˹ȥ档
ԣ˵ȥźٷ𣬲ùҡ
Ѧү󷽣ӻֹѾҲҪͣ
Ѧ̧ͷȴͷЦɩҲҪЦ𣿡
Ҳ֪Ǳ˶Ц⾿ô£
ҴӦ壬һʱ䣬ɵԼĸ飬ԡ
ѦkΪΪ
׿ϵģҲ˵ΪΪ
Ѧסƺ׼ٵƣȴסˡ
һĻǡñѦȿһ߹˺ڸʲô
һæɿ֣վż˵ȣֻȰٺһˣġ
ž
һĶ׼ֱˤһߣͷĵˮ鿵ʯǣʱѪֱ
Ѧм״һԾѸٵס˿ڣתͷѦŭĿӣֳʲôĽᷢӣ
Ѧаһߺһ߾Ҫ뿪
ѦǰһȻҵĽᷢӣչ£ȽϺáԼӺͱ壬Ҳܡ
ѦѾѦɹ󾭳ŲѦҵļ֣ͬĸټɵѦСѦɹ˵ͨˣ˵̩ͶģѦûĹ¶ʲô
ѦжʱۼѪֱһϢ֪ǰµʱֻǿѹͷŭ˵ãȻֳչˣ˱㲻ˡǣ
Ѧ֪ʱ뿪Ƕõչˡ
ǲģԳѦһεù븮Ρ
Ҷ׼һϰߣпձ㵽Ѧͷ԰Ķ¥Ȳ裬ڶ¥еǼż䣬ΪѦĴšΨд˷пܼο˼֮ࡣ
ʱҶ׼ȴѦżæŵسǣ㼲۶ȥʱ˹˸ѦżĪ£ԣǰѿһѦkȥˡҲѦүѦүѦҳһˣҲֻһǰ

˵յˣѦѦү壬ѦԳģֻˣ
뵽Ҷ׼ȻеĲ豭κط£һĲˮ
Ӽŭҳ
Ҷ׼ϧֻҪ¹Ҳ޷ˣһڰ಻סǰѦ
ƷڶʹԵţѦ޲𾪣ˢˢһء
ѦɹͨæӺóӭ͡
Ҷ׼¿˿Ҷ٣֪Ҷ岻ڸѦбȻҪʱһʱ֪
Ѧи͹;ӣҶ׼ˣۻ
Ѧү֮ʱǻңŴù򶼹ˣ֪Ƿλ˱Ҫŵҽǰæ𣿡
Ҷˣλްֻ³ɩԱҽͼҽٴˡ
ˣҽٵѦ
Ҷ׼ûѦеƴƵģֱӽҽٵ


29
°ѦɹҲˣѦȾ¡Ѧ֧֧ᣬ۾ס
⣬æȰ˵ѦɹغϢ΢Ȼûо֮
Ҷ׼ɫ࣬ۿ־硣
ֻѦҵˣ˵ѦɹĻ˳⣬Ųʻغȥˣڴ˴кڶʹȻҰλһ
ҲпѦ˵ѦɹӪ﻽ˣѦɹûǰһԣͬҶ׼ҽٵ
ҽٵҶ׼˳Ҳһ;ӡ;ȣ;Ӻ԰ԼһѦ֮ʱڼɽԺĳʱȴδǨУԽԽ޷԰ˡ
ͷѪɵڴüͷӦʹ̡
˳Ҷ׼ʱŭգ˫ȭָؽڶڡǡ졣
ҽŻˣԹɫڶʹɫ仯ȫȻ±֪ŵλȻǽڶʹ俴صһλˣæǰȥؿ˿ҵ顣
ŽѦɹҲŵˣѦȹô¡
ѦȲ㽫Ѧˮ֮ʧִȵȣϤ
ѦըˣүԽҷٷү˽飬ֱĳţ
ѦɹûָѦеӣкλҪ˵
Ѧֻܹ£ԭΣѦᣬ˵һ顣
˵֮ƽϢһ㣬үָүүʸڷϣô˵Ҳһ־硣
Ҷ׼Ѧʧ͸ΣڵϦںĲߵİΣɩ˽飬ֻˮ˸˵仰˴̢
ѦүⱾǹ󸮼£һ˲Ӧ֡о仰˵̹
뽲
Ѧүʹٷ˽飬Ȼں԰ĵطչֳ෴ں԰̹ʽ̸͸֤̹̹޲ɸ֮˽Ѧү᲻һʱŭɱΣӺֵܣ
ڶʹĻ޵˿ʼͷǡ
ʵΣѦɹҲҳǵϿҶ׼ĽۣˣѵѦ޹£䵽ù˼
Ҷ׼ɲѦδµģֻںİΣҽν̲סǰϸ鿴ơ
ԲѣžĶɤˣ
ΪСѾߣκһ仯Ȼأ;ӵһε濪ʼž֪ǣڹ֮дһʱʱ۷һ˫κ죬Ѿͻ˵µߡ
˵֪֮Բ˵ǲСΪѣСΪЩ½Լ֪̹һ㣬žһװƣ
ǣʱҶ׼ȴ̫ˣСоϢԺ֮˵ʲô˵Ļǿ֣֮
鼱֮£žΨСͨһڵأסҶ׼ǰеĽŲ
Ҷ׼⣬ڻǰסԼǿѱģת뿪
ҽ٣úΪѦٷ˿ʲôҩϣѦүǮ
ҽΨΨŵŵһ￪ȥˡ
ǲ㣬Ȩ֮£뿪;ӡ
ѦҶ׼뿪ߵͥԺǡҶѦkҶӭҶ׼Ѧжһ࣬ǰѯʺ¡Ҷ׼еûлӦҶ壬һ뿪Ѧҡ
Ȼ˶û˵Ѧֵ÷зҶ֪ܿȥ
ҹ䣬Ѧһ;ӵԺѧϺԵź򶼲áڷңңӿһɬ
ҶջʵѾ׼һӻҪ˵ģȻЩ˵˵ҲҪҪʱѦkദѾԼĸ顣
Ѧkֻ÷飬˵һλԶʱܴػĴ硣һʱ˵״̬Ժܷɡ⣬ĸо񴡢Ҷ׼һʱһġ
ǣԼԼ֫ӴʱʶӦȴǶܣΪϰߡ˵ĲûаܵİˣܣʵӦƭ˱ˣҲƭԼ
ǣѦڵ״̬ȥԼĻ˼Լ˵
Ҷѡ˳Ĭշȹʱ̬ƽϢл˵ġ
ͬҹ鷳ƵĻѦk
ںݳǽҶ廹Ǿܾӵļ£̹ѡ񣬾ȻѦУôŬֲѦһ꣡ȻСҶ嶼δӦǰҶֻûãΪŮҵֲҴӦѾ**پܾǾ˵ûˡ
ʱ޲ѦоһһŰݡֻ֮֮ҪһһͿԳ׽ˡ
תѦkǰľƺѾգӼϾơ
ѦȰӣԼ˽Ȼҡ
ѦүôԺƾƣô˵Ҳͬһʸһɣ
ѦķۣߣĶүլ;λ˾ѦүңǼľӼյĹ͡ѦүӦ˼ôôпյҵԺˡ
֮öүЦˡ
Ѧȸ˱ƣپһһ£Ҳ֪Ѧĵλж˰ɡϷԼĳɩȻ԰Ȼ£ֳȴҪãǺε
ѦkЦһûӦ
Ѧȼ޶ԣ˵ҵһѦеģھͺҶ׼ߵôףҵǻΪС⿩
Ѧkһ٣ֱǰˣʲô˼
ѵѦҸɵйôԼһڻСٹ˵ǮɽɽɽһңɽɽҪôҪô˭Ҳܹͣռ˵ġүҽģе
Ѧk֪ʲô˼Ѧƹܴк󣬱ܼӪ򣬶̩볯͢ҵ롣Ȼоƽ׼ĸأûҪһʺҲҵѪĲҵҲնϡ
֪ʺҵĲҵһֱǻʺĸӵĲ֧ţѦѪУʵǱѦнĸ֮նѪͨȻ죬κǰԽ賯͢ľҵвѦѾ볯͢ҵ룬ټϾƽ׼չ̫£޷ǣѦУֻܸ
ѦһΪʹеԴҲԳɴ£ڶ̩;Ӫĵõ֤׵㣬ʮ꿪ʼ㺽ҵһֱͼ볤˸ϯͷĲԣˡѦһȫ̳Ĳ»ɣҾͲһˣһЧѦҵǮׯ̩֮ǰ㾡ȫ֮¾õ֤


30
Ѧkһ˳˼Ϊʺӵһֱòķšĸֻλ볯һ·ǨԶô޷Ϊ̧߳ʱ䱳ͼѾȻҡλӶѾ˶ʮ֮ͣѾ˹ؼʱ̣ԤԶ۾ͻڴ˽ȹͷȻʧأܲŭҲΪŻἱڰ⵹Ҷ׼˳ƴ
ѦȴȣǸνļƲߣϴκ˵ļƻүǵô
һһ룬Ѧkеǵģɾܾٶ
²ϣѦһֱϴ̩֣ҵѾ߰˰ˣص⼸֪ʱᱻ֡ҵһ壬ƻȻ޷ʩչҪϡ
ѦȼһΪӣֻ̧ĳ룬֪ʹѦҼҵٷҲֻͭˣүӵᲢۣѦҵļҵ˭ںǣүɽѵҲô֪ҶС㡭ѡѦаɣ
ѦkٿȻŭݺݵ¾Ʊɱѣˮ硣
үŭҶСү÷һˡǵĻԼѹʳĳǻĵûʲôġ;ź˽½кҶС㣬ûԲأĪҶСԶү㣬м־飿
˵ʲô
ѦkʱסˣǾȻûԲҶڳǽܾԼĻܲǳģܻԼһϯ֮أ뵽Ѧkжʱӿһϲ
ҿҶСֻǱųԼļûѡү㣬ûˣȻͶĻ
ϢѦkһǶɢˣ¶ľİת˵Ѧүأȥȡ׿ϣȻѦүĴƣ
ãүˣֳҾļ
ҹգֻȴ޷Ѧ˸¡
պҶ׼ٴѦңֻ˵ֶҶ壬;ӡ
ʱһҶ׼ƾݵ֣Ǳ;ӡ
Ѧַ˯֮ѾΪѦҹܣȥӦòᾪѦȡ
˺Ϊͷʣ˯ߺǳԼ䶯ΪѦȽֱжž飬ת˲ȴһӰһסڱǣȻһůĻ
ϤϢ
㡭
ͳɤ־ϲô
ôصˣܲ
Ҷ׼ıס޲ðԼ

Ȼʹһ
Ҷ׼һΪԼ֪Ū鲻ԣӦˣ΢΢½ֻѩ׵ļϺȻһƬࡣ
Ȼ㣿
ЦЩԼ·Ϊ˱裬ܻûµġ
ǲǾ㣿
Ҷ׼ʱŭգѦڳܻᵱ
ðѵԵ˵ݣѶ޲͵ļµ𣿡
Ҷ׼˺ۣȻ˵Цʱᣬж˼ϧ㺻ཻٸнʱֻᱧһůˡ
֮Ȼݣæƿߴ뿪
Ҷ׼Ųȡ
Դϼ꣬˵ռҵСŮǴϥ̸ҾҲˡһֱ㣬Ǹ磬ǡ
˵Ǽ£ʱߵ޵ݣæס죬˵ȥ
Ღ֣ͷ˿ڣ֪Ϊ˾ȸףҡ
˳Ĭ˵˵ΪΪԼҲԲһУ᲻Լ̯ԽԽǰ;ôԼˮ̶ݺһ
Ҷ׼Ĭ˵ԼҪĴ𰸣ʱˣ鼱֮æͷסԼҪĴ𰸣ͲҪ˵ˡֻҪ˵ͿԤĴοԼ
ﲻ԰ΣʱҲϣ뿪
£¡
ԡЩʧ롭
ȻԺʲôƵģһѽƿ˫ۿǿ󣬡ҪѦҡ
ôҪҲɷ˳Էһ˹ҡ
Ҷ׼ס˺һ֣˵һ죬һΪ˳Ҷˡ
Լĳ嶯´£ٴνס
Ҷ׼նѦÿ;ӣѦ¶֡Ѧɹһ£˵¡
Ҳ֣ԽһתЦˡ
Цʲô
ҶѦңҲ£һΪˣ̸¡ǰݴʷķ粨ƽѦҶϲǺʹ̸£ҿӦΪˡ
ѵΪ壿ѦҴһ򲻱봾ҲԽԽҶģѵģ
˰ⲻ֪ྫĻصо˴أ
ʾ
үŮѩǶ껪ͤͤ
˼ǣҶ˿ܿѩôܣֻϯϼΣܡ
ҶΪѪգѩҲ绨Ŷׯ˻࿴ʲôϡģ
Ҷ׼ΪѦѩѦɹתһ룬Ӧǹ˵˻Ҷ׼ԼŮ
ѦɹȻҲҶ׼Ҷ׼ΪƷڶʹҴְλҲӪһѣȺһȱػسʱиǰ̡ΪɣͬȢһŮΪô
ס˻㲻ģҪѦɹҶ׼ʱѯʴ¡ѦɹֲֻӦʡ
²㵱ѯʣԷؾֻ˫²̨ӰպϵѦɹɫһλмˣмȥ
Ҷм˵ѡ뵽޵ѦҵʱղﻹǷȱȻֻСҶ׼꣬۱ֻȥ޳ĻǲסȥѦɹﶼΪֻѡ
Ҷϼദ˹ϵ׽֮˵强棬ԼҶֶȲ̸ٴ⣬Ӧʲˡ
ӵνʱʱһ仰Ҳ˵ŵĻػˡ㱣ΪԼǸճɻϱ˵ý´û־ԲҴӦǱӲʩڰ׻ػ
֪Լô뿪Ѧɹõģص;֮ʱֻ˫֫Ƕžţ·߲ˡ
ô졭Ҫô¡ʹô΢ôԲλ࣬ô˵ԼֻҶ׼¶ˮԵǵҶ׼ԵʱǸоǿҵͱߣǿȣѦкҶʱйġ


31
Ҷ׼Ӧպʱһȵ;ҹ˾ʱǱ;
ʱƵᣬҶ׼ĸﲻ԰ˣһϣദģʽԶسȥʹֻܼҲοƽ
Ե糯¶Ŀء
뵽ｻ絶պ̤;ӣҶ׼ż
Ҷ׼һ̤;Ӿͼ⣬ҲܾϲΪ˼ɼȲҹǱ;ӣҪ;
ѦкҶΪѦkһСŤ̫ߣҶ׼ȴһ̬ã٩٩̸
ŷ桢Ҷ׼һԥ
ǣջǲ񣬸Ҫ˵Ҫ˵
֪Ҷ˿мң
Ļ˺гĲ֣˶Щ⣬Ҷ׼ǵЦʧ
ٷ˺γԣȻǣδмҡ
ѵΪǷ곡ϷҶ׼Ժɣתһ룬ҲԼ˻㷳²ϣûлԼĳͼ£ҲӦΪҪڴʱԼ
ˡлԼ
ҲûСŻ㱵Ҷ׼Ҷ˻С׼˫ţҲûֵܽãȻһСڼѧгҲûг˵Ϊ¡ɩɩΪδʣѵҪС׼ý
ٷǴԼ˵ý𣿡Ҷ׼һؿ
Ŵ˵ѦкҶﶼ⡱һ£Ц㿪ģ˵˵ģһأ񷨣֪ܲܽҶ׼޵ߵЦһ鷳ˡҶæһҶ׼ӣʾ
˭֪ŭ֮ɫ¶ݣ˵ư֮ûʸᲢֻۡǡŮɣֹ֪ҼҵѩҶ˵ķۡ
²Ҷ׼ѦкҶ嶼סˡ
ۼҶ׼ɫԽԽϾ˫죬ѪѦиϽվԲҶˣճɩ˵λµġ
֪Ҷ׼һգգضѦУҲ֪ǣҪǣߣѦү˼Ǵٷ˵˼
̧ͷǿסбʹ˵ǳǵ뷨ҲԸ֪ҶǷ⡭
˵ѦѩҲǴ޵ͣҲţ£ҲʧΪһ׮ԵѦҲ˵˼ûԸҪеֵ֮ϰ
ûȴ˵꣬Ҷ׼㽫ϣҶĳ¼ҹˣ䲻ϺѦĸŹڡ
ǡԵľܾٿȻ̧ͷؿЩԾ
ҶҶ׼˽⣬ѦѩԲĵĶ˾Ѧ㵣Ҷȴһɩɩ⣬С׼̹ʣϲͲϲϣζûеġܾȻЩðѩòС׼䣬ǵ˼ɩɩίС׼档
Ҫʲô棬ٷ˾ʵԱҲϣ´ΡҶĳףСʹˡ
εغ޲ҸȥҶ׼ȴܼɣһֱֻ֮Ѱ˸ڸˡ
ٷҶ׼׷˳סȥ·
ЩţǷ˽ﱳ޳֤컯֮£ֱ
ʱദΪ㶮ҡ롭ǣҲνˣ֪⵱мٷԼ˼
ղѾش𣬼Ǹĸ˼ҲԸ
ãٷȲⱭϲˡ
һʹͷ
ѦҶ嵣Ҷ׼ΪҲ׷˳ǹת뿪پ¡
֮Ҷ׼̤Ѧҡ
ĻټҶ׼ĻرܣѾ˵̬ˣۼգвá
йһģѦ˵ճŮǼ޸˺ݵĹٻҡǴŮѦ籣޸ZǸǹӵʱԸˣΪɴ˾Ҫʼˣ˭뵽ҾȻܷһĲZҡһ˴Ʒݱݡ
ȻʵȨҲǴʷĸְ٣ݿְ֮ݳ˽ڶʹʹʷˣ˭ÿͷݣƾҵļĺӽҲг͢ģЩԴ;ǿˣԽԽ¾ĽԼҵŮһҪȴ󷿵ǿ
Ѧɹĳ谮볬Խҵ뷨Ѿãȴһֱ޷ԸϱĳҲôռҲǺŵϺŵĴֻ̣ﱻռΪƽͷˣѦȵĳź׸
ŮѦѩܼ޸Ҷ׼һԾΪ͢ƷԱĸһذܾ֣֦ͷһҵԹЯЯѦȣʹܶ¶̩ͣҲûض̩ᣬ׳ʮżУѦƽƽϧе̣񶼳λӰ
ʼΪԼŮѦѩɫϼѣҶ׼ܲģ֮ûг£ȫ²䷨˶ټѦ궼ҪѦ檵뷨
Ѧȴ֮ġ곡ϷǽȴӲԡ
ǻģϾһŮˡ֮Զ˱壬С軵⣬ΪǿҵսģټԱģŤ˸
ռǿ޷ԼİŮҰĻڼ֮ϵѦУڶ֮ҹ**ͼ˳شԼԴ֤ԼǵġҲִΪһ˳Ķ򣬻ѦгģͶԼĻ
һҹȴµĳʹࡣ
һѦı磬һʼ˾֮
Ҷ׼֪ѦkݲɺϣÿദСģҲԼԼѾ˶ϣʱ֮ڻ޷ǺηʥɹѦkͼѦ֮ӡ֤Լ뷨ѦkصüãһʱҲʲô˿
Ӵµ֣ţԶʡĽᵳΪº̫Ҫ㣬һִ̫Ѿܼӣ±˵ӴҪˣһϢҪҶ׼ֻܿԼ¡
ѦȴΪƲܳɹ˴δֶ̩ļƲߡ
ĿѹѦҽһڡ
Ҷ屾һѦ˵ԭίҶ׼̤ѦҺѦҲٹˣÿζǲѧϻ˵ҪæסڴУʮ¡Ҷ²͸뷨ÿιȥУֱѦkסǷơ


32
Ѧ֮ԽҹޣΪ߹ԼΪԼҶѦkһʱĹܣŷԭԡҲ뿴Ѧk֮ңҲЩǵǷǷǣõİ취ڴУŲʡ
Ҷ˻ġҶ忴ż˵Ҫһ𰸣ټ̫˺ѦkβѦkɫںݵլۡȥѦ˵Ѧշ֮£ƺҲûôżοһŮӣֱ¸֮µġ
ƽʱûάֶã;ӵһС粨Ѧұ
ѦȾ̤㻨֮أЩѦԼ֪Ϊ޵ȴ٣޲ѦкȥĥԶ´ӲʣֹɡֻһΣòʣΪ˽Ѿ;ӣԹѦһˡ
˫ȷ飬ȴûѵϣ˵֮£ػҲβ֪źɷɷοɷʹѦ³ѦơѦʲôβ֪ҲĵȰԼĶӣֻЩңȴƽľѡֻ֪ͷĬòӦ޴ʢŭ֮±ˡҷ
ֳĴֵָһȴȻҧأҲһʵڳܲסڵءžſˣͷġ
ֻǽⷢӣµǣһԼĶӴһŶӵ̻Ůӣĸ飿ʱ̸ԽңǱС͵֣Ҳֳ¼УҪδȻ²ֻһģΪӵȻ⡣
˼ˣ£һӱ̷֣ɷ򣻶ǷƷ£Ȱ˵ɷ檣֦ɢҶǿɷҰŷ硣ڶ׵ĵڶͿʼˣֻԽ˵ѦȶԽ壬ס졣һǾģûҶ׼ʱʬְʬⶼ
û𸴵οưոݣܼϣžĻҲ˲ٱӣȥͶ˿Ϊ˾ȫһڴӦ
뿪󣬶ž˺۵鲻̫۸ˣɷ߻޴ϱĵǴүֲС
ʾЩɱ˵ˣҶѦһռʮٲûҪҰﲹ֮Żþˡ
ôһ˵žϽĨᣬͷСĵط£ҩ
ˣûʵжΰݣ
˼մƺ˵㣬ֻȥ¥ѦȣΪΪɷԸŮˡ
ʱ¥ֵʱſڽ̬ªӣһȶ£Ϊǿвʿ¥Ĵš
벻һžмΧֱɵصϷŵ˺üžæǰֵ˭֪Ͼͱһһƴڵء
ǰž飬ȴһһץסǰ۵صϷ
벻¥ľɫҲ̫ˣҴŲƣǳǮģ
Ҳ̻Ůӣſң
Ӵ죿ǻûү**԰ү¥ֺֺǣ͹ˣ
ˣҪˣ
˻һ˺ôЦֵΧһȦ
벻Ȥ࣬Ĵһ𣬲žˣ
ʱŭ̧һֻ־һơ
ƻû¾ͱץסˣֶֻסá
ðԭ㻹ϲһףУүһ棡ߣ
ҪߣȺȻһۻ
ſ
Χ۵Ⱥǿѹŭĵͺסˣ׷׻ͷȥⲻһ־ȻǺڶʹҶ׼ˣ
ȺҲвʶҶ׼ģܸʶվΨΨŵŵҴĸ裬ںݳ˾µģ˵źݸŵһ֣Ҳûˡ
ŵõóһ߽
ϷļҲŵòᣬһԭز֪롣
һҶ׼ޱȣһ˵תҪߡ
ֻ벻ԭҲ̻֮ͽͷӹһ˿͵ʹ
Ѧٷ˼ȻˣβѦүߣҲһʱ̡
Ѧүӣ
ԭѦҳϱ˶ʱ˽벻˵С㾹ȻҲͨһԵ¥Ѱˡ
һҶ׼ɫ֪࣬²򵥣ǸϽһ߿ϷˣֹĶֳգת˽㣬ܱܿ߾Ͱˡ
곡ϷˣͨˣοǼҴҵѦүٷ˺α˼ʣ
ҶҲڷ곡Ϸ֮ˣˣÿȥѰؼҡ
ؼҡ
ò˵˵Щصش̼Ҷ׼ϣʱȵؼѦȣ
ǰһƵǽǡ
ҿҲ뿴
㡪
Ҷˡ
Ҷ׼Ҫ˵ȻһͷȥȴѦϡ
лҶҷ˽Χ֮ļԻᣬġ
Ѧվһԣ˳ס
ʵض˶ѦȴøҶ׼΢΢ü
ãȻѦүˣ¾Ͳţǡ
Ҷ׼ԶѦһתԱߵż䣬Ƶ˽סá
׿ˣ˻ǵһ¥ΪкҪ£
ѦԽԽϢԽԽǿֻسǰӲǺһ졣
Ѱȥ
һ䵭Įûһ˿¶ȣһİˡ
Ѧһԭֻˡ
ãȥ
Ȼݵס뿪¥
Ĳ˼ģΪֹˤֻܽץסѦȵֱۡ
ڶ¥Ҷ׼ŵѦȴֱΪȭͷ
Ҷ׼Եˣһ¥Ҳɣײ˵һѰ
Ժݹٳ𵴺󣬺ݵĸŹһֱΪҶ׼߹ֱ֮ദʱʮֽӺָҶ׼Ҳȡǣ޷ǳΪĲԴ
Ȼһ̺ʿҶ׼Ҳͨ˻һտסݷ绨ѩµַʼɫֽԵʱ׽Ӷת档Ǻ̻¥Ҷ׼뺣ݴʷľƾ֡
Ҷ׼ҪЩˡ


33
˶ߣ꣬Ҷ׼һѾ˳˴̵ķʹתЧҡ˵ЧңڽǮĽϣҪǱϢ鱨Ĵϡ
̵㼣鲼ҵĺԲʣ㣬Ҫ̽һЩٳ鱨ʱרҵ̽ӻЧú̵̽һСԱ˽⣬ӶƵƵʤ䷳ġ
ңҶ׼ԼʱҲʶڹۡ̽ӽ鱨ѾȫˣһΪصĵطνУԽƷӡԽɫȮķ³ԽҪڻ壬¥ʧΪһѡ
Щûü͡Լ
תһ룬Լ˵ý̻֮ѰЩٶǷ˵Ҫ׶˿صѦߣ
Ҷ׼еҪһ𰸡
ȷʵ߻Ҷ׼ѦȰݺݵعߵ;Ժӵʯ·ʱʹģǲѪƣǿ¥ԵҶ׼͸ġ
ѦȰקԷطԴռҳºҲṳ̂ȥ¥ĵǲֻ޷ѡڣȻ˶һĳģûԭĶ
Ҷ׼¥ı޷԰ΣȻҲû˼;Ѧֻǻ廳һ˵ĹȥǾɣ֮䱾Ҳûʲôмֵ廳ġ
žܿѦ˲裬뿪Է
Ѧױ̨ǰԷһʲһ˳ɻʱ޶£ؾЩжʱζӳ
įۿ죬Ҷ׼﾿ʲôһʱǲįĹôʹԼҲûʲôԹģϾ˷չ̶ȣҶ׼ĳɷ֣ȷȷʵʵҲĬ²𽥲γɵģʲôʸָ
أԳ񣬺ȻоһѱסһŷӦѦȻڷæƿٿȻվʶԱߺ˼۾ֵؿ
Ѧüͷһ壬ʹɫôô
񣬾һֻ˵С¹־塢һˣ
ȡԲ𡭡Ҳǹȥ¥ѿģҲ֪Ǻ̻뺣ڶʹͺݴʷľƾֻܴ֡һʱͿУԲŽҶһ㡣ѿԺҲȥˡ
ңҺܿġ
ģʲô˼
ӳɻĵһ쿪ʼûҡȻ֪»֮ҹҵ³ç˺㣬ֻǲ̫ΪѣϾɻ֮ʱﻹˡǼȻѾǷˣܹ֮ȻڶɵģôҪ𣿡
Ȼ԰»֮ҹԼ**ƵᣬЩֱ׳ʱû
Ǽ£ĥĴӡǣڣżҹλʱʣδĴʹô⣿
ȣҪ˵ף̤ĻǿҾͰѴзˣЯִ׼Ϊ޵ġ㡭㾹ȻǵĽҩõʱ̳ѿʹĻ䡭Դ
ֻһʹĿˣ»һδεǿȣԨЩֹһѦȿ߹𣿵õֻƶѦź˿뷨Լ䱾ĥ
Щ˻һʼͱԭռʱѦĲŲæϯѹһݣͷǸףѦȾȻĮ˹˽̶ȿ֪ټҶ׼ĳ֣Ѿ׷գ޻ٻصȥ¿ʼ
ӲԵѦٴʧȥģȻǰӵϡ
֪ʲôֻܾҷʢŭ֮µѦȼļιš顣˾ʱѦȺȻһö壬һȻһöϵƷ֮ʶⲻĶ
ʱѦ˶סˣ󾪣ȥᣬѦݵرܿվӥעö塣
ĵһӦӦѦеģǿĻֲѦ֮ȷ˵Ǿ˼ҵĶ
پһޣȻһö񹤾µĵ渡塣壬ǳ͢Աһƽ
˭ģѦ˫ȼŭ𣬱
Ѿûпǵʱˣֻʶػش𣬡Ҹ׵ģ֮ǰҵļƽѡ
Щ
ϻг͢ٲϲĶ
׽㣬һԱĶʲôϡģҵɷû涨˭Դ˭Դ
˭϶Ψ˲Уƽ⽲ıϢԵµļаҼ顢ƶ񣬶гӺ磬಻ɳӣ⽲ǹԵƣǷţ༰ִ֮ϲΥӪ֮ޣ
һʱѾȫ񣬲ŻŲ·Сµһ̽Ļôһ㶼û뵽ռҺѦңȫ¶ҲһԼȻ᷸Ŀ
˵˭ģ
ѦȲƣĲ֪Ӧˣֻ֮˵ҵġԣ塭ռҳºҾ˯ޣž鵣а֣֮ǸдɣԲҸ˵֪֮ˣͰ׵ľլ֮á˵ȻһаħҲŷŵͷ£οˣղ֮ԺǸ׵ΪЩаլ֪֮˲ˡ
˵Ҷ常ҶͿĶҲ˵ͨ
ѦȻɣһʱ֮Ҳ벻ʶ˻
ȻǵõģҾ㻹ȥһլѣαñ˵ģǣ
ѦȿһᣬջûΪתԼĶ᷿Ҳö塣
֪϶Ҷʣ˽ѦȵƷԣû֤ʵ֮ǰһܼž˵٣ûȥҶ崮֪֪ܲĿԣӦ´¡йҰһҹߡ
һ磬ͥԺеҶðʾ¡벻ѦѰͥԺһǵͤȲ裬ݴ͡
Ҷ;ӳͤеˣһ¡
ѦץסᣬȵҶǰ⺮˼䣬ȻóöΣݸҶ塣
õ⣬Һˡ˹صĶǽñȽ׵ҪһޣͲ͵÷ˡ
Ҷ⡱һ£⡢ⲻҶ׼𣿣


34
û˱Ҷ˽ˣҶ׼ʿʱҶϼѧʦ˳幫һλ͸ģʱҶҲڳ幫ţΪһҶ׼Ϊӵİ֮ǣôѦȵ
ǣڿݵҶԺ˲両ֳҶ׼һεݺķΪЩۣʱһЩ飡
Ȼ֪Ѧôõö壬ģشܲдصֳȷʵҶ֮ȻɩɩѾҪˣջرǡ
ʵϳˡ񹤾ϸһ֪ǷƷ֪У
￩һ亹
ҶҼѧʦܵ¹ֳιʴʣ
ѻһ룬΢΢ۡ
Ǿˣ˵Ǿ˭ˣ
˵û˵룬ֳˡ屾ʦУҸųݣ˼͸ҸٱġֳϸĿ屳棬һССġ¡֣ʦ䡣
ѦȷһȻԣòʲôˣǱ㽫񽻻Ҷ塣
Ҷؽӹ壬ԷԸպá
չأ΢΢ɿյȭͷмؿҶһۡ
ŹҶѦ븮רȥһ;ӻ塣
֪ңҶڷ̸
С׼壬岻˽̣ɩɩ
ãûʲôҪʵ𣿡
С׼һѦңȴһ̬ʼҾ֪֮϶ǵһμ档ҲվûʳڣڣѾҪˣöѾ˻ش𡣡
ǲһмįӳǽŮˡ
аݣСѬսȾ뾭ѵΪһֱΪԼݣҶ忴ΪҶ׼ֵ⣬⡣
ǣҶȴ˿ûŭ֮ɫ
ǡʲôʱʼģ
ƽ͵⣬һŻصҾɼȥϼ֮ʱ壬ңֻ
ɩɩţ㡣ȻֻǱ춨Ե֣עֳ
ҶĻشһֿϼҽ®ǰ̹ʵؽ̸ˡҶ׼һֱĵһ񻰣˷¼¶㷲̻̲գڿȫ³ʱ泩١
֪మҶҲ棬תһ룬Ͼ֮뾭ѵֿǣֻǣֳ֮ˣô죿С׼壬ܲһӶάĹϵ
Ҷ׼Ϊ䱦嶼Ѿˣ֮䷢չ̶ֳȣҲ֪
ЦѦҵͽҲֻʬ⣬ֻһڻ࣬үԻҡ뿪ݣصˣԻĿׯҵ֣ǰ¡ƣ°ӡǵġ
ˣʶҶ׼ˡʶܶˣ˵常ˣֻҼ꣬Һ˵һ𳤴ġ
ƶҶ壬΢΢Ծ
֪Ϊʲôѧʦ͸С׼һǼ˺ΪΪԸмƣ̡һԹֻ֮Ҫ׼£ʹײǽҲͷô꣬ҴûĸŮӡɩɩҪպĴ㣬Ҫ
кʸҶ׼̸
רһ¥֮νͣҶǰ̸Ĳǣû˵ȥ
;ܹǷ֮أҶ岻˵һ强ͳˣϻû߻;ӾͱѦkһץס˵Ѧҡ
Ҷ廹ûӦ㱻ư˹ճ˳ǣֱ⡣
k磬
Ѧkɫ࣬һԲֻǼһ̲ͣϣһֱ˳ʮﳤͤͣ
˴ɽˮתж죬Ա߻һéСԺ뺣ݳڵСˮ졣Ҷãǵһμ볤˳ǽƵĵòʱĿʮ⡣
k磬רŴطҲ֪볤ˡ
Ѧkûлش𣬶ǰȥס˫ۣؿ
壬һس˰ɡ¶ˣײͬǵĻ£ҾʹԶ߸߷ɣʱƹȥǾͶ尲㲻ϲ尲ȥ껹רŴȥһΣǿһס˵òã
Ҷ˫֣
k磬ϴҲѾ˵ѾǴеˣȥҶҪһ𡣺ҲáҲգȥ尲ҲԣֻҪǺһﶼǸҡ
壡ҪˣǻమĽԷΪʱնûԲ
Ѧkݺݴϣ˫ۡ
Ϊõ˻ҶķĹؼ֤ݣ˵νҸ˲ƾ֡
ȴûҶҵȡ֮ģŭ
ЩģҺʹ֮£Ҫָ𣡡
ΪǵĶϷƭˣҪˣٲ뿪ǾͻѦȺĲ·ϣһ죬ԼҲѦ𣿣
⻰͹ˣúõΪʲôҶ屻ЩҲ˵ǺѦȡ֮˵ѾˣƾʲôҪڱ˵ģ
ҲɩɩôôŮӼҵ
м͵˵ǹѦҵûиѦȣΪжң
ҶʱˣѦkô֪£֪٣˶֤ݡ
˵ʲô
壬ѦвҸġǰ֮߰ɣǻسˣҸҪ
ž
һİѦkʶظԼ۵գһŵؿҶ塣
侲Ҫȥ
ѦkֻǺ̸һôƫԶĵطʼҶûĵط룬ڣʶˡ
壬ڡسǡԸһسˣھ뿪Ը⣬ǾСס죬ٺú롣
Ҷһת⻰ʲô˼ѵںݳıʲôɸ֮£Կ϶ǣǰֻվ
ѦңѦʲô
ûʲô֮ڴ˴Сס졣ѦеĻүġ
ʲô˼
ˣҶС㣬ӻ֮ǰκ˿
һԺȻȫװҶ塰롱éСԺС
Ѧkĺţһ뿪
ѦҲԤϲѦkĶѸ٣̲ʹµ˾нҶ׼Ѧʱڻ״̬ȶ̩ᱻ⣬һж䶨Żع
ѦɹѦȾͱ˸ʻһŵĳ͢Ա⿴ٷ֪ǵ֮Ѷ֮˹ڶ̩飬ѦȽһŲ֪ѦɹҲֻʸڷϡ
ѦһʷǰĽ


35
̩ᱻʵ˽ҵͭǮ趦̩͵ĺ޴󣬻ʵŭ
ҵĹͭǮңΪʵϳˡԽҵĶܻӭʵʹܸߣ˸ҵ̽ʱڲðͭǮĽģʽвٿֱһ⣬ڴҵ԰һͭǮٻعͨ
ֱ꣬Ӻǵ´ҵͭǮҴټͭ˽¢ϣԲܳ͢˾¯ͭǮԶáͭǮȱµֱӺ۲ȣٶҪð㣬ͻǣг
ԶۼλŤת棬һ߸ĸͭȨһֹ߽ͭǮͭ˽¢ʱѾã¢ǵʺң˸ĸ裬չֻܼӴֹҵͭǮҡֻвƷףһŲðƽ˫ԼƷ㣬ʹͭǮ㡣
ʮһֱδиԷ򳭼ţųնδкù³ѦһٴξȻҰ𶯡
ҰΪѦ볤ѦҽˣԻȫ벻ǣǵûԮ֣Ϊ׷ѦҴļȷ档ѦҵĲѺڶʹҶ׼ˮָǰں鹱˰Ѱ֮ʱѾ֪ѦҶ̩Ǯׯ˽ͭǮһ£ûв죬֤Ѧҡ
һʯǧˣҶ׼ΪԶ۸ǰʥ¡ȨȻ֪ȻӣֱиʶԶʢṵ֮̆ĽڶʹְѺؾ
̶֮ڣ̩ᱻ鳭̩ͱ飬Ѧҵʮ˼ҲòͣҵšЩѦɹ˵󣬴ǵѦеı𾪵ʹȥһѦҵʱֱһư֮ס
Ϊ˰һ󹦳Ѧkʼ볯õҰ̩֮װףԶۣѦҶĻϵ
ҶΪ丸ҶͿԼĹϵСԶռһϯ֮ءοڻس;УһǴͷʧһСָΪȱ֮ˣ˳͢пǷټɾСžμӸһ󹬳н飬̫ӰѦ·רŹ٣Ӫ֮⡣
ѦkʱһѦ֮˵Ŀڹ֤Ѧм޷֮ʵҲ޷֮飬ӦѦǣ
۴֣Զ۴һӣϳ˵ĻϵŴ°참˽سˣ
Ѧ벻Լһ߲Ȼ֮󣬲ѦҼʹ£Ҳ򾲣һ·֪ΪѦɹƻὫ
ңѦkԳŵǣѦˣѦõĴж̩ͣҲᰲȻؽУΪѦһֱŲȴĳ䶨
Ҷ׼ĻǵģǿѦһֱ;ӣŲŲһ뿪ĻᶼûУֻż
ԸаĵǣҶ׼Ȼ˹ְȴٳ޷Ӧݡ
޷ԭǣ͢ɳĴ٣޷ҵҶ׼Ѧҵ֤ݣͬģ˰ʱ⣬Ҳ鲻̩˽ͭǮ֤ݡָ֤Ҷ׼Ѧҵģȥȥֻж̩ļˣֻǹ֤֤ܳΪݡ
Ѧkʼϲǣ⽺ʱƲѦȴˡ
ѦȿʼδʶҶ׼ѦҸʲôϵѣŶȻҶ׼ڲ鹱˰Ѱʱ̩ĵѦѰ֮ȡεģҶ׼칱˰ѰʱѾֶ̩˽Ұӣǲ˵˽һҲѲ˸ϵ
ǱڵΣպѦȿʼסˣƵƵѦk鷳вѦkٲֹͣҶ׼νĵ飬㽫˺ıѦ֮¶ͬھ
ѦȷʵǱƼˣѦkȻѦȵСڲ֮ıֲܶţһĲǰǣĽӪʱؽ۽ʧأ롣òҶ׼ļأֻһܵط֮
ְཱུܲοҶ׼ǳ購˵ãְˡЩѦkݵ˼ˣſٷأⲻҶ׼κηͣǱ㽨ѦkҶ׼֮ļ˵£ٿ԰Ҷ׼¸λս
ѦkһڻؾΪһʵҶ׼Ϊ͢ԱӦ˵ģһ͵͢٣ˣҶػһӡ
ϧǰûԶҳϣм̰ͼ͵ģԽѦkֱ˴̽Ҷ׼ѦҴٷ͵鱨
ֵѦˡ
ѦȻûüѣͶžͱµĹԱص˺ݸõĴ
ν̲ϴڱ֮ǰҶ׼˻ݣȻǲܴģûˡ񣬸ͲҪַõϣһŮӣܵĿ̣Ǻ󱳣մˮĸֱ޴ƤѪģһȻȥ
ҧأеָء
ѦȰԼ;ҹԲȡȻʲôƵģһԷ﷭䵹öҶ׼ҶǳϷһԭ
ҵö壬׸˴°참Ա
Ѧk벻ѦȾȻ˾ǵ˽飬һ֪ԸҶ׼һʹļܲԸ¶ѦȣˣȻһѣԨ
һշްն仰ʺϷŵѦϡ
Ҷ屻ںݳǽɽ֮ϣٴμѦk֮Żʵ۽Ѧ˻ϵʥּػ
֪Ѧҷ£Ҳ֪ѦдʱȻҲ֪Ҷ׼ı硣
ѦҶ̩Ǯׯ⣬Ҷ׼֮ʱģѦȺΪʾãϴǮ˽޶ΪѦƽһյ֤ݡ벻һ·ѦȣȻɽǣڶ̩Ķȫ޽ӵǰȨѦϣ޷죬ˮ©
Ѧȣʲôɸ˵Э飿
ҶʣѦk죬˵
һҪѦҼ𣿣
ҲѦһӣڣֻȨ֮ơѦһˣͿԹѦڳҰļȵ棬ʲôã壬ѦңѾûˣʱɼѦҾͻᱻ׷游ڳĶ꾭Ӫ᳹׻ΪУ
ĻȻԴȻ̹˵ȨѾŵˣҶʱһƬݣС浽k磬ô⸱ģ


36
ҶţѦkʹûҶ׼ģΪǻû͡
Ҷ׼Ǹһ¶µˣȻҪٵ̩˽֤ݣȻٵøɸɾȻҪԼİ֮ҲȻὫԼʰøɸɾ
ƾҶ׼ڲǮ˰Ĳܣ̩ǮׯȻѾʰ»ûĲ˸֣ܰҪεĳЩ˿ҳοΧȻԶۼӣҲҶ׼ơ
ѦбϾѦҵˣλоүøڣȻῴȻƫΪףҲԶлһҳĿҶ׼ڳ͢Ĵ˳ѦҺѦСԣѦеӦǵġ
Ψһ֮ǵģ
ҴӦسˣǣҪӦҾ⣬ҪѦõһֽ顣
Ҷ˵ĵȻƺĵߡ
ԣ˵ѦѦȶѾ޵ˣưոݵġ
˵ѦȲưոݣѦңɡ
Ҷת˵ˣҶǷġҶǷʲôұ㻹ʲôһһ
壬㡭
Ѧk벻ҶΪ˾ǣȴûѦУѦkİ˵Ѿͨˡ
ãҴӦ㡣ռںֻʣ棬ʹĿ뿪ѦңռҲҰȳسˣȺݷ粨ˣٿȥ뵺׻ϡ
Ҫвس˵ĳ룿ЦΣӦáڴУس˺飬һҪѦkߴ٣Ҷ嵱Ͷ˻س˵ӣվͳ
ȻҶѾسˣѦkԺݾûʲôˡԻ̩ʹҪЮѦд顣˽ȻԶ̩ᣬȴڶ̩͵ĺģѦkĲ̩ҲˮǵòʧһѦȺ
Ѧkһ߱Ѧȣһ˵ΪѦɹ󲡵Ѿ羪֮ѦҴý㣬ǿӳǽ**кãҲƣҪѦȽ
Ȩ֮£ѦȲֻд飬ԡ֮ɽ˺лŮޣɡ
Ѧkõ󣬿ʼҶ׼˩һģҲ֤Ҷ׼Ȼŭ˵Ĺ֮ܰȫϴֻܽ
һö˵ʲô⣬̽ҲûۼЩʲôֻǴ̽Ҷ׼ҹ;ӣûдãûޡֻʵ͵Ϊĵز
Ҷ׼ΪӪĵɽԸһЩҲҪ䱣£빬ʥΪҶ׼顣ԶȨ֮£Ĭ˴µĽ᰸ۡ
Ҷ׼ܲϡΪ죬ΪƷϵݴʷ޳úġѦҳ֮Ѧ᲻£˽֮Ϥ񣬲δʵ𺦣ᷢ䣬Ʒžϵ
ѦѦҲûٶ󣬱ɴᷢ䣬ͼĶͨǳ͢٣Υ񷨣սȨԳͽ䣬ʮûУѼ
ѦkӺݸôʱһϢֻºٳˡǰ󵢸˲ʱ䣬Ѧkۻس˸ڳϽԪ뼮ʱѾȥࡣ
Ҷ׼Դ¶Ҫ뾩ءμˮһ·򶫣ϵתϣֱҵϲ߾ϵȻϿλ뵺ݸ
Ҷ뾡취ټһ棬ǷɽصĶľţջԵһ档
Ѧбںݸ۳﷫£ֱλ뵺ӴˣҶֻһλԶڳ˵Ĺˣްֹϸ𡭡
뵺ǹڴҵϲһϽݸԴһݸСһھϵ
Ҷ׼ӳ˳гȻҪȴӺݳֱѦгʱѦѾһʱա
ҵƶȣͽ̣ȣϵͽߣŵغɵݣ뵱ذûзֱ𣬿ѰıֶΣڴ˳ɼңֻǲ뿪ŵأеͽߣҲݣҪͳһӵظðŷֻۣǿԻȡ΢֮꣬ıǰµͽһ뼮ûʹãŵΪټūͣƾټҲǲͬū
ѦоӻȻϵͽ̣ǻ˸ĻѣӾͲͬˣԽ֮ܱסң˻µͽ̣ˮ͹ࡣ
ѦеѦɹıѺԱ˽̴ǮѦУ衣˵粨һԵˣ뾴һ¡
Զ̩ºѦлûüӦԱ㱻һĴѹסһ㷭ĻᶼûСѦɹȻûж˵Ҳף̩ʹڵѦҼҵȻѾѦС
ЩԲںһʼûĹͲϳֳɣѦɹƫ̶̻ȣѦǲĻδ֪֮СͶÿ˲翿ĵʮ봬ʱ𣬱ĴĿľǾ֪ҵΪԺܷı׼
ʹһУ˿
ǣʧȥҶ壬ȴʹ಻ÿ춼ڰû֮УΪЩԹҹûڣΪǰԼҹްûڣΪԼûʶΣʹһվûڡοһⳡģȻԼλֵѦȺѦkֱ˱ͱĸоʵ̫ܡ
Ѧɹ󼸷۲żĵǧҹҶ׼ϵͷҲ֪
ʷׯҶ׼ݸæӭӡ
ҵ¹ʮݸݸַƷƷݸʷƷ٣ƷݸʷƷ٣ƷݸʷƷ١λ϶˵뵺ݸΪƷݣΪƷݡ
˵ݸ֮䲢ͬڶʹϽݸʷƷͬȴвƷ߰ƷӦǣʵϸݸʷƽȡ
ٴһѹˣҶ׼ĵʹһԳӭ
Ҷ׼ĵҲӣȻ˵ū޷ĨȴǷۣҲ׼ҵжͨ
ռҸһƶϴʹõɣҲ޷ҵ㡣
Ҷ׼Ϊʱղã࣬ΪһСԺʹԴ긻ǿҲҵһݲ£Ҳǰ
ѴӺݼе֪Ҷ׼֮£ԺŮܿҶ׼ʹޣ˷Ҷ׼󣬷ȴһλſòáƷ㣬Ѧ֪֮˶ٱ±ΪĹۡ


37
Ҷ׼һͷлְ̬ȺΪϿܶ϶Ƿ곡ϷʵСҲ׷£»Ĭλδ㣬ֻ粨ȥѼع飬Ҷ׼Ϊޣϻοˡ
벻ǣŹȥ꣬⡢εѦл⸱Ƶģ̣Ҷ׼㽫ӵչˣ͵ǻرҶ嵱ռҵĴ֮
Ҷ׼ݺѦǧҲϤҪˣֻ֮һŲϯһ񣬲ʬͷɡ
Ȱ˵޼£ģֲ֪Ѧɹ󣬼ȻҶ׼вΨһܽģֻҶˡ
ҺѦеǧͷҵ̣ؽܹԪ۵ĶĿ˽½һŸ˵Ѧе״ҶȡϵֻõֻƬɶܾѦ;
Ǳûһֵ࣬ڵȵûصĻţһֻֽ⣬ֻþؼҽѦС
ͣȡ顣
ȫֻһ仰
ʲô˼ҲûУдһ仰ǰ˼⡣
Ѧţһ˫ȴʼǿѹԼ
һ磬ûѦеӰ֮ȴѴ˴мصѶһţɷ˵¡
үмϵĶԽݵɣݵͭݵĲҶҾϲģ
ȣϲĶ
һɻؿѦүĪǳ׷ˣ
үҵأŵ࣬ĴٶЩ˵һ뵺ԶԭعϡƫƧȴסһĽŲ㿴Щ뵺֤ݡֻҪˡмĿռ䣡
˼ǡزپҵ
ԣ
ֻʮЩ˼٣زɹֻҺڰˣǻ޲
û紾˵뵺ʵ̫Сˡ
ֶ֪ͺãʹѦүǮֻܳΪ뵺е֮ңڶѡ
үû˵Щ뵺뵺ŶطгͱˣʲôʩΪָǣĶ˳ȥ˵ݡݣתԭҪģԭг
Ծؿǣʲôȵùĵԭ
ʳ
Ŵеݹĵȣ˼
Щ뵺˵лдȣСֶҲڻ£ֶȴүϣӦòֹҺڡ
Ѧеĳ˫ڻָյɣչֳһλӦе͹ϡ
뵺λڴҵ϶ˣ꣬ȿһ죬ֻںƷֲãؾǵ޲ΰ룬ѡ
ЩѲڽ֮صѦУӽϵݡԼĺع֣˳ؽƸʮλũֹͨҶ׼ʷĹͨƹֲ󵾡һ뵺ȻɹۣѦг棬չٴԭ
¾㱸ֻǷ硣ѦռҸӽ֮޷뿪һأżҶ׼ڻԸΣܹ鲻ǳ֮ƣؽһԱ䱼ı
ѧϺԵĵѦоϲ֡
ѦɹԴѦҼѦȺֻ죬õѦɹޣʱǨ˵Ĺȥ޷أֻܽ˼еѦϡ
Ѧɹ;ӣճɨԱ⣬κ˲ڣԺڵһһľøĶԭⲻѦлѧϺѦг㱻¿ѺѶŵټգ֪ѦбϢ󣬵Ѧɹ׷ѦС
һʱյĹ۲죬Ѧɹȷ˵ģ˽µ˰һѧϺԣȻϸչѦС
ѧĽɫˡʽҵ
Դ֮뵺ũֹҵƷϤ˵ľӪΧũ絾סҬӡȣֹҵƷ֯ǡ̴㡢㡢ȣ𽥳ΪģƷǵס֯ϣ˵Ľơ
뵺֯ϣͻһԭΪгĽƷ뵺֯ԵΪɫʵĴ⡢ķԼַľչֳԭһ˿֯Ʒķ񣬳Ϊˡ尲Թ׷Ķ󡣶뵺ϣͳϵľո¶ͷǣΪг³衣
˺ܿΪ뵺ϵһָĴ̡
ֻǰ뵺ĻƷ˵ԭǳֻܳΪصĴ̣޷ԭһĴƷѦеĲ֣ԶֹڴˡĿģҪͬʱ뵺ԭתϺתվ˵Ľм̣ҲǻƷ̣Ʒó֮
뵺ΪһԶȨĵƫԶһֱԭӣѦз̺Ĵ̻󣬽侭Ӫͺ˲Żӵ쾡£ʹڶ̶ڱΪҵϷҵ̩
ҵԶʮ꣬뵺ݸ˰Ѿ֮ǰıЩ¼ݴʷҶ׼ͷϡ⣬ݸ۵ĸĸ׳ȫκչɣΪεչ֡
չ뵺෴Զʮ궬ҵľƽ׼Ѿ˽ӽʧصıԵ
ûҶ׼ƴʦܿȫ֣价ڵʵﹱ˰ӲѼֵ羸ϵʢʹֲӦϵ͡϶ӵı߾гܵľپȻֻгļɢӶݡݵʢ֮أƷԽϵ͵ʹֲڲֿ﷢ù
ȱȽǣһɻĴͭҶȣָߵӣϤˡ尲ݵȷ֮أƷʸȴ򹩹ѹۣƷʸߵҹ󡢵λߣƷʵ͵ľ͸ȥˣԽԲ
ڻƷ޷ͬʱɱȴһֱڴʵﹱ˰ڵͻ޴Ĳִɱ˼ʹǰҲҪȥ³͢˿֧ڽ֧ʧ⵼µغǲ顢⶯ҡҵĹӪãһȵ˽רӪ֧ŵĵزճ֧ӦԣᵱĸĸĿĳʵˡ
ڴ֮£Ҷ׼ٴνԶ۵߷Χ
Զʮ괺Ԫոչã͢گ飬ݴʷҶ׼سߪΪƷ̫䣬ȫȨҵƽ׼רӪֵ̫һԾΪ֮ڶλĲسʷׯҲ˰ߪΪϵڵرݸв˾ʹƹϹһ۱ݸۡ


38
ǽģ֮¡Ȥ֮¡䶯֮£ֻԽԽࡢԽԽǰЩ䶯һʱν绯ţûڲȱ̸ʵķʢﱻˡԶ۱ˣҶ׼ʷڲᣬͬûзһ㣬ΨΨŵŵڳ
Ʈ峿Ԫ۳ŵĴźȻӭһ󼱴ٵ
˯ѵĿСش򿪹ţԭһλگؾƷԱڻؾ;·˵غȻͻ񼲣ҽβ˵سɽ롢ֻ̣д˼һۣȡ
ס־ʦһǳ͢ԱиѹóҽҩϤ˳
һҵĶ˱ܾľǰЩʱ̸յƴʦҶ׼ػãگؾӣҲʱˣλˣ֪Ƿ
ǿôľ㣬ľȴԽԽңõԼʱڰ಻סٿȻȥ
ԺŴŽգź
žæ׷˳ڱסЩס֡ͽ䡱ӻĿ˸ˣûһõĵطλŭס֣ˣ
Ժȴһ̬ؿˣӭ߽ģȻס־һ
ûǴƴ֢ҩ
ס࣬ѯʣӲ๡
Էд֢ǿλ͢ٲ죬ҲܲܲˣǷԸž齫Ҷ֢Чҩϣ˷֮
±ϣֺʱ䲻
ʱ֣Ժٴα򿪣ſȴһλӣӦǶʮͣǱáʣԹ֮״мַ˪ۼӦòڹ֮Уڸֵ֮һӡ
˵Ů֮أԺһ㲻ӽ룬ɻȴҾл
尲Τ䣬ҵõ鵤ҩȼҸΣѣʤм軹ҩ֮л
ٷ𡭡ԴȱΪл
ŶžӹҩƿԼĻػЩЦϰߵӦʱڡ쳾ֻô˴˼ǱУ
Τ䱾Ϊҩ֮λ׷ߡ¸صߣȴλԼµŮӡԷȻֲطʩ죬ȴβ˾µòȵΣȻһλеˡ
Τ䲻ḡֻ֮벻ͨŮΪλţ΢΢Щסˡ
ž⸱㶵ӣΪЩͽӣǰ΢΢ŭؿΤ䡣
ΤŷӳԷˣæҾ
ʧǣˡ
ž飬Ϳ͡
˹תȥ
Τӣ롣
ŶŶ´˴ǰܼҸ֮УΪ׸һլǨķ£Ŀ
һ㲻Ʋ֮񣬵ǶԺ뷨֮⣬ΤүΪٶ꣬ϴ˵ԼлԷȻܣлʧǱµע⣬ʵԷһ߽Բܾ
ûнӡ
һͽԼ겻ˣξˣοԷֻǲ֪Ǳûˣ֪ˣǺڲ
ƶƶз󣬿ס־ʦ顣ƶˡ
˵תҪߡ
ΤЩˣΪԼܣŭæ˵Ҹǰϵڶʹگؾλ飬˹أ˽˴ķ飬ղðĪ֡
顭˾
ʡ¿ʶ̫䣬ҶҶ׼Ҷˡ
֣ѾڲᣬЩӲ͵ӡ
ԭʶҶˣҶҸͬʱگؾͬ²˽ӵگ֮ʱѻͨţңݻᡣֻ·;ңԶųǼգ˿Ӧûδ볤˵ؽ硭
ΤǨ֮ϲӦûϯɡ
ֻټһ棬գ̰
Τɣ˵ضǣν£ʵҲǵкƪģĸõŮ̸۵¡㡪
áסִӦƶȻá
Τ׿ϣʱʮָˣֽл֮ٷ뿪
žԶԺֱϣ˵С㣡㲻ôӦ
ֻһ桭
ټһԸδˣȴԸͰĻԪۣϴ˲
ﱻûŵÿ궼в٣͢Ҳܲ˳񼫻˻ᱻص⣬һͲǼڲˣƾд
ȻҲǷѼһķ׳;ӪҪ֣ҲὫΪԼ˽˲ƲȻΪūΪͿǲΪҪ뿪Ǽһʾף뿪˼ûҲǰɵһһá
˴˲ΪĴţŲҶ嶼һ΢ϡҶ׼ѾûδԣҲ壬Ҳû̹ȻҶ׼Ȣˡ
ֵļ尾Ѿһʵû֧ȥˡ
Ҷ׼ϢôС𺳣Ӫȱʹ뻧̫ٴʧ֮ۡ
ԶΪ˱ݱΪսӶʹ߳ҡڣҡ˾һλǲ˰ĸλ飬ƽߵ
˾ǴƷϵڶʹΤӦʱ
Τһ尲УΤӦʱ˵ǺŽ׳ŷӵܣѵõ߹󵫺޽ϰСڶʫ飬˫ȫʮͷʿڡڶ尲θ٣߾ĵҶӧս͢ιϵҦݴʷƽ߾ԼĵҺ̸߾ͨתιϵhݡݡݴʷǨϵڶʹƷԴع
ΤӦʱϱϵʮ꣬ȻϪһۣ򾫱ĵʮãԿɳʤǴҵɶõ彫սƽĵҺ̸űóݻʹϱȶʮ꣬ѫ׿
ΤӦʱ֮Τ䣬ʤڱ߾սŽ湦;;ʮѾƷʱ丸ͬʱگؾαְ
ΤӦʱһصˣּ빬Զʱ˴һֵΤߵô˵ȺŰݷãǻ鸮ͥݷ֮ﲻͥС
ҶҲ׼̤뻧鸮ĴţΪѦС
ҵÿ괺һšûﷸĴͳ׼عݣǨԭټϸֽ졢ҵĺϲµȣҲһÿԱǲҶλ辴ϵҼ飬Ŭ޷Ѧн


39
ѦkԺڴһְǨΪƷ䣬Ϊµĸְ١һ¼ʹñȫ̿ƵĴ³ȱڣ벻Ѳһ˵£ҲѿеĲҶ廳ɣѦлһ¼ܣ޹ϵ
ʵҲȷʵˣѽѦųӪ֮⣬ϼӷ뵺÷ˮ𣬲ƴ󣬸ӶϷأ󳹵׹Ӫ׳Ѧн̲ⶨ
ΤӦʱĳ֣ҶһΤӦʱڵĵλԸҲֹˡ
ϴʱڣΤӦʱڻ鸮볤ˡ尲ʾɣ׼ٰһСΧǨ硣ڻ֮УҶ׼ֲӰҶ޷ֻֻǰԹʻɡϵݴʷҶͿŹµݰݼΤӦʱΤӦʱĹϵҶͿ;غϣֻȺʱвͬܲδʶӦжš
ô㣬ҶͿҲΤӦʱĹʾɡ
ΤӦʱҶİ󣬴Ϊȣ뵱й֮ԵݴʷҶͿŹܵŰݷáϵȻԶ볤ˣѦҺҶ֮ҲжţҶͿڻݾȻģδҶ棬ʶˡ˴ҶǰųΤӭ
ϳμ棬ΤҶϤ֮СҲ֣ȷԼǰδҶı档Ϊ⼸ֲ֪ԵɵϤУΤ飬һ·䵽ԺλŮʶ
ҶΤӦʱѦһ£ĲɣΤԹֵоЩӦιá
߹һխʯ·ʱҶòײΤ仳ʱһӺۼҪˤΤݵһѣҶ屾һֱֱץ˸ţ
Сָڵ¶Τǰ
ΤӾ˺ۣ˵Ҳµָεʲôʱ֪Լͻˣһʱ֮ЩΣֻǸ
Ҷ벻Լȱݾ¶һİǰ϶ʱɷףæ𣬵ͷǰС
ΤȴûиһᣬҶͷȥʱȴԭأһ
Τӣ
лԼղŵķӦŵϾʶܸܲһǧӡ
ΤЩľȻ˹һֱߵǰȴûзһ˰ΣŴʵС塭𡭡
ҶȻ̧ͷŵؿǰˣ
С塭ƺȫֻһ˻˳ƺ
κ磿
Ҷ˫ۣŵؿΤ䡣尲һҪĿģѰ尲κңǺټôͻȻˣһԹϵΤ䡭
Τǣ֣ʹ΢΢սһߣͲܵ˺
С壬ܿˡ
κ磬Τ䡭㡭ô£
ʱǸӳߵС磬ľǰˣ
ǸյĵѺĲֹҶ壬в˽°ĸӵܣоͰɢӶ°ߵΤ䡣˱ѺһҶ˾һֱڽɪɪΤ䳤꣬һֱչΤ尲ΤСȴʮֻδ˵ʵݣֻǱ˵ϣĴֻ̣ݾ尲
ҪʱָΤĳһ̺ŵĵַΪƾ֤ƹκϼȡ˱ΪΤκүպõǧ׼뿪
ҶûôˣûʮҵΤΪݾͿסԷΪ֮ͽǲҪģҶй¶ǱΪҡǮԾҪٸ֮ǰУ۴뿪
ʱԶ꣬Զ۳ǻǽʱС֮ǣһ±㽫Χ˸ˮйͨҪƽɽկ
ΤĿҶ屻°Сָȥ±˼ľšԬɽ֮ʱ׼Ҷʣ֮Τ䲢δӣǳұҶһߣòӳɽկȴֵ˫ںսΤ䱳һϢҶ壬־£ֻɽ㡣
Ҷ˿ѿѪֹɽȻȥΤǹȥ˴ȣܣԼҲǸӣС·ΤҵĻɽҵʱлѰǸɽҶѾӰһѹΪҶ屻ɽҰ޵ˣԼûб
ҶΤҲ־ϲͯʱ˵ĵ֮иůͰӳκһֱصĶˡ֮òþͬ⣬尲ѰκҸ磬ȴΪⱲӶûлˣ벻עԵȻʮٴꡣ
˼ӯϸ˵ΤҵѾһ·СܹΤ˵̫Ҷ׼ѵΤӦʱҪϾҪʼҶ벻Ҷ׼Ҳڴˣǰδ̤볤˵ؽ磬벻ΪΤҵļȻӱޣҹ·ĪҲΤӦʱ
ἴʼΤ䲻ݷ˵Ҷ岽ãԼ߾ʹΤӦʱϸСʱ¡
ΤӦʱΤŸʶõҶһΪԵһͶӦòʮǰʶǸŮӾܲˣʱָ˼֡
Ҷ׼ҶҲú⣬Ÿոϻسˣûü֪ӦòԼģּΤһ磬ǺɣǰѯʡʱΤ˺ȻӺû˳˼񣬴Ҷ⣬ֻȽҶ£Ҿ
̧ͷҶ׼ͷһΤĵˣȻ
̧ͷҶ׼λãгԾɫָֻܿ²ЦĿ̹˼ֻƵᣬԭǵѷ¡
ΤΪ׼һիֻòԵض˶ӣϯΤӦʱͷҲ⣬Ͼ֮о⣬ǲڣΤ뿪
ҶҲЩ⣬ۼҪߣһֱҶ׼ʹɫϯȥһ棬Ҷ׼ţȻԹԵֱ֡ƹѲˣҶ׼ƲΪɣǱ˺ˣϷ֣ҡҡλθǶȥ
ҶǴˣھϯ֮ΤӦʱϯ˵Ӧ֮һΤҸ䳤פϣٳˣĴ֮ȴȻأ̳Ǿڳէ֮ʱΪһزʶѦ볯͢ġóóȻ˵󣬲òΤӦʱ֧֣ʹ϶Ժлء
һҶı˳ԣֻΤİţΤӦʱĻص尲ΤʶԵ֣Ѧ֮±տڲᡣ


40
ԭԼһֱŮӾҶ壬ʵΤӦʱһҶ带һΪ⣬֪ӵһ£⣬±Τ뷨̸֮мΤ尲λΪֶҶʮְ
ҶҲΤӦʱΤ˵֮⣬ίԼָȱԼ˸ΪܡΤΨָĸżͷͻҶ壬Ҳæֹס˻⡣ΤӦʱʶȤת̸ҶͿڹϵݸ£ҵ˸ͷҶҲòС
ΤӦʱɳԪ۵Ʒǧ룬ǰ治ԶԪۣȻͣΪΤĽӳɽţסֲˣлΤʹӣž鲽лȥ
ңңȥ֮վһˣϸ֮£ȴҶ׼
ܡƷվɽǰǧϷ嶥Ԫ۵ıؾ֮·ǧ£һٵͨСղڽ֮вδ˾Ҷ׼ϯܻûĽͻȻԼǰ
ԳЦЦԼǼһ棬ѵֻþˣ˵ҪԼһ죬
С㣬ǲǡҶˣ
žȻͣס˽Ų
ʲô
žҲˣ֤ԼĴ
˫źȻǦһأмȾϲ־¡һ꣬Ҷ׼ȫޣƽ˶֣϶Ļ䣬ЩһȵĹȥÿȥÿ죬ת˲һƬҽ
ΪʲôΪ˺׵𣿻˵ģΪŻһƬ̹;֮ʱ;ܴ죬ǣҲΪѡûˣµѾܵ˵ѾܵӦеĳͷҪ̤һ˿ϣ᲻̫һ㡭
ڽʧ֮ʱҶ׼Ȼ˹
˺ȻѾľģ޷̹Ȼľ顭
ҵܾˡ
Ҷ׼˹ǰվȫע
ҶˡС㣬ﲻ˵ĵطλһܰɡ
Ҷ׼һҲž飬˵仰Ȼعȥ
ǡס
סΤһӣȻҲһӣġ
ž鲻ؿһһᣬͷ㷲뿪
֪ԼѾǧٿףȴҪһֱǨҶ׼ž־Ҳް취
Ҷˡɺã
ãܻŻ˾ͺá
ô˵ѵΪΣգҶ׼ݴʷ뵺ӦһĹԱλվ
Ҷ׼ӻóһö壬һö͹ƸůӨʵϳˣһټı
үҽģʲôУĺöټһͽˣרġ
˵ͻݸ
뵽ףۿˣκȥӹö塣
ҪöʱҶ׼Ȼһס֣˳ƽУס
ҲƲסʹޣˮʪ½
꣬ΪʲôһҲûУ㵣סֻţܸɸұƽΪʲôʲôûУ
ţ¡
Ҷ׼΢΢šüͷ侲Ż˵˺뵺Ƿƽ˾ЩԺ˵޴󰭣ҪԪۡ
Ҷ׼δ˵꣬Ȼס죬ȻŹ֮˵ڹˣҲòһ֮ȾҶ׼Ի𣬸Ӧ
Ҷ׼֣ЦЦ
Ц⻹һůţڸܵǰǸ
Ҷ׼Ȼ뿪
ȥҶ׼ߵķӦͱڰ
㲻ôǧҸ㡣
һɣǧߵһ
׼ǰ߾ˡ
Ҷ׼û˵һֱ±ߵһǳͽֱСߣǰһָ
ҲҸȥ
˿˵ͷ
Ҷ׼ǰ֧ŵ㣬ߣӣư˹յһʯ죬ٴ϶
ǰȻȻʣ
ɼʯ㸲ΧɵС⣬ȻһƬˮݷïˮ̵ĺӹ֮أڴ꣬Ȼȫû˵˵
־ϲһ죬׼ǣ
ƷǰɽһƬӹȣطģڴ˽˼éݣҴ㿴ǵļң
𾪲ѣȻڴ˽éݣ
ǰԶٴһƬС֣ٴγԾéݡᡢ̶衭⣬ⲻϼɽִӵҽ®𣿣
Ҷ׼ϲӣЦˣϲҰϼסǸطԭ˹֪ϲϼ壬ϲɽǶʱġ
ںӹۣ˿ֹϲã
Сʧȥĸ׵ıӻĸҲϾ˼ԣںݵռҴլÿһ춼ǹýС΢ġֻ֮ʱľϼִҽ®ĲܵõɣڡʱϣԼȻ࣬ȴϼɽȵԴȻԵá
Ҷ׼߽ڱ󱧽
꣬ɳһֱǵĿССͼУ֪ÿһܵĿࡢ֪ͨͨƷ壬ɽͼ쿴ϤþһԲ𡭡ûܱ㡭
ԭһֱڡȻʪۿٿȻתסĴ
Ҷ׼§ػӦ
֮䣬ƺʣ±˴ˡ
ʱҶ׼ͻԪۣԭžһֱڹŵȺ򣬿æ˹ȥǣס֡
Ҷ׼ţһֱͻؾסĺԺ᷿
ס־ҳҶ׼˵Ҷ˾ܷģһúչ˾Τ˺С
Ҷؿбؿһۣ˦ȥ
գ˸һʦѸߣƷĶӻתУס֮λʦþԴʦΡԴס֮ĵһ¾ǽĽ׼ưܵĺԺ᷿תǰԺϽǵıҾޣǵ׼˲ôš
סΣѱ䣬е˶׾ٲյľ˱ᣬҲû˸ٶָʹӸ棬Ȼţõһɣչü
Ҷ׼Ļع飬һ㷲ǾѦk
ʱ޿̲ͼõҶ壬ѾΪƷ䣬ȫѦķԣֻҪҶͷϾͿԽȢš
ֻǣ꣬δԸȷ˵ҶԽԽԶ
ԴӱѦнϵҶصסӴӼ˾Լ񴣬һ涼ѡѦkѦеİΣƣŻͬΣͼǿ󶼱ܡƵͨ뺣ٶҶһͷǳ뾴ΪУǸúùѦk


41
õĸֻǷ΢ݺӵı仯
ѦkΪĺλҲˮǴߣƷ䣬丸ѦһƷѦΪհǰ˺󣬹ڽְҲɴƷת֮µĺδƷ䣬ȻǺµһ֣ȴ޳ģȨ
Ѧȳ׹鸽ѦɹԺ֮ʱǿнѦѩ׸Իʵһ̡檹Ϊˡ淡¡̡˵ȾŸƷѦѩĩ
ѦȡĶ̩ͣ𽥳ΪӪش󾭼Դʽͨʺݵļ̺ԴԴϵػѦȣҲΪ̵ҪĻţ򹦷ɢٴƷɢ
ѦɹѦгºز𣬳ԴѦȳΪѦҵʵʵˣƿߴҵģĺ̺Ŷ̩ͣԼѦںݵʮżУһٲȻȡ丸ƷС
ӪԴʧȥҶ׼һԱǿ󣬱ͼٴҶһѰߡҶһҶͿ𽥹鸽ѦѦ̳ѦپҶҲȻѦΪ׽һֱΪӪ䲻ߣǷѣ֮ıһʱ֮Ҳ޷ڲ˰ٽ͸ӪûѦĴƷʽȱ£˲šչ̷ֻܹ򣬵͵Ӫ
ϿǰǳﷴΪʤȲʤȯ
ǣһֱΪӪȴò롣
ʡΪҪԱڸһֱǻʵҪľߡʩԼΪұۡʡ֮ƾߵʡΪΪʡٵľλȻС
£ſʼġʵϣǰԶε󣬱ò롣ʼ֮ʱ˽ΪֻǾȨΪᵳӪ˽ɹӣǰ̩˽ͭǮһУȻѦУѿٶߡ
ܳηƱãʱˣѽ˴ҵϲغıݸۺͶغͩݸۣΪںݸ۵ĵڶۣó׺ͬСҴλڴҵϲͶϲغʵ϶ĺݸ򺽺ֻ̿ȱףûйΪ֪ѡѦԸΪ壬УٽһӪ
Ҷ׼̫ͬΪٵãǰͬҶ׼һǣǨƷݴʷʱǨõգ󷴶Ϊãúׯڣ˼ֱ֮
ö˲ʳݸ۴ҵľٶνƲãӪΪšҶ׼ҡһΪ̫֮ףѦkòҪѦȼӿͩݸ۵ҵչæھӪݸϾ֮ʱ̲ͩݸۣԺл˿⡣
ǱӦæ÷Ѧȣȴڴʱ˾밲⣬صصԪۣҪ
ⲻһ֮ǰԪۣ֮ʹٰŰ˶ž⣬Ҳһ˸ҳ˴ǿ֮أ»Ҫ**
ѦԶǧԪɽŶȥ
Ӳ֮ʣȻһ
Ѧү˴˵徻أӲٿҪȥˡ
ʹٹǧѦҲǣԸĪҶ׼
ۺ죬Ƕж֮ΪݳЦҶ׼Ѧȸŭա
ٿȻתݺݵضҶ׼˵Ҷˣܵǲ̫һ㣬ʲôʱ۵Ҳˣ
Ҷ׼Ͼǳ͢ƷԱѦһˣŴƷɢɢ٣Ҷ̫
ǰҶ׼ѾΪŰ֮ŭգڸ˶̩һγԹ³ɺӿ޲öѦȾ͵ǣݾĥѣƺĥļӣԽʹ֮ˣԽǴԶԡ
Ҷ׼߹Ƶ˵ڿʼֻҪһ컹Ʒ壬һ첻̤ǧ롣򡭡ι󱦺˱ʳг⵽ĴֻۣСʹ룬Ժ½
Ѧȴ󾪣ʲô˼
Ѧүʱ䲻ȥʣ󱦺˱ʳöѦҺ˱ʳֻţ̧ۣȴڻͼıȡ֤ȷ䡣Ѧү֪Ҷ׼ͣ죬Щ֤ݾͻڴ£ΪλѦܵסٻֱһִˣʱ򡭡²ʧһǮô򵥵ˡѦү𣿡
ܡҪƽмۣҪдʳ˱Ͷгͨ˱ݸˮ½·ҵļ֮£ڸûг͢ʽ룬ѵʳܴ
Ѧү˵Ҷˣ尲˱ݵ˺̩¢ϣ˾ĴӶżɲǱּģһûأѦүؼҳˣ
˵̩¢֤أҶˣȲûݣͲҪЩĪеҵͷϣ
Ҷ׼һٷȰѦүǾغݺô˱еĿհɣǣ
Ҷ׼˵꣬Ԫȥ
Ѧϣȴѧǫһ·Сܹүˣ
»ţ
֪ΪΣ˱ݸʳгϺȻ˴Ĺصƽ׼˾۳ۣмʮʯ֮ǰ߼µʳҪڲֿˣ
Ѧһץסѧǫ죬ŭܣ˱Ĺ͹פˣټԼȱǻʳ
͢ľ˾뵺յʳ˰ݸװضȵޣܿǵĶĿһʱ󣬳÷Ѹڶʱڶɺֱ˵˱غ
ܡĴӣ
̺ţ̺ŵĴӱݸêƹе½ֱ߶ĺͨң⺣ֱʻޣڽĴֻ֮ǰûǵټ
Ѧȶʱɵۣɿѧǫ
ʧΣ䲻Ѧ𣬿ѾԴ˼Ʊ˱ݸͶһ£񹦿һν
ѧǫ𽥴˿ǻ˵үҳ̺Űдչڻ˱ҥ͸߾֮£Ѿ̫¾˾õ֤ݣЩչбƲСҲΪ֤ˣйơסˡ
Ѧ˫۷죬ŭסͱסǳе£ѦҺθɣ
һүʽԴѦҵĶ̩ͣǡ
ң
ѧǫѦȱŭʱ
Ҷ׼һس˾ʵµԼͻ˱⣬ȶгȶģԶմá۹͵ʱҶ׼ȣȻԶһԡ


42
ҵ½ˮ½ͨĿǰϽݸά赼عøΪȱȫ̿ǣױʿ¢ͨҲǾ˾޷ʵЧһԭ
ټ¢ԽǮ¸صԱԱΪֻ۱ֻֻۣͼԼϽڷƽ˾⣬Ͻվ¾˾ű崣ʱʹҹ̣Ҳ޷ﰴʱ˴ʱ˻ĳɫʵأҲ˻飬˷ѹҹ𺦴ҵ⡣
⣬˼ǿƽ׼ĵȨʹԶ;ݸʩ⣬һͳˮ½Ĺְ̫¡ְȫȨˮ½ٵ赼͹ȷڹٵͺϹټȣ̺ƽȹˮ½Դ˲ܽˮ½ٵЧ淢ӵ¡
ԶΪǣҶ׼Ҫδְ֮ˡ
Ҷ׼ƼһˣҰΪ֮𵴣˱ν˽ͭǮ뵺ǰݶ̩ͼ̳ˣѦС
һ𾪣ȺҴԶ۷ɫƽҶ׼˵¾ټɡ
£˱ģĲȣ֣ʵ˻˾˱ػ֤֤ύ£Ųռסҳ߾ȱȱȫƾ˺ӹ˴ξ˾ڵʱȴƵƵ·粻ǵѦ̺ŵĻѽȼü֮
˾Ȼƹ˺ӣԶ˵Ǿȣʱ£ʵԺη
£н趫֮﷫ֱ
Զ۴󾪣ʮʯʳ˵ҪʮҴͻ˺ݵĶ̩ͣ޻δ˵ҵеڶ̺дǿʣ
ǿʡĻʯһʮʯʳͨʮĻ˳㣬Ѧȴɽݸۺݸ۾вٷֻͣжڵ࣬ɺĽԼɹغʡǳô˿յ䴬ֻʣʮʯʳ
Զ۸ƴЦȻƣ
ѵĻ⣬ǼԦϷˡѦʮ붦̩ͣˮд֮䱾˸ʻڷɣޡټøԦˮд޳ߡ
ԶüͷȻʲôתͷʾ˼ֶŮ֪Դкμ⡣
ڳˢˢתϣֻݳУ˼һ˵ѦԶӺݣ볼޹Ŷ̩һʯѦμԦ˴ްټãɫ
ˣԣȴԶֹ̧ҶΪ٣˵ѦеҲڴʱɫȻһתʵ밮йϵ
Ҷ׼æ»ص£жδ˹ܣʷ̨ʣֻ²һѡܣ
ĵؿһۣǰʣҲ˵ѦΣ˵乫ȻΥּ͢⣬뷬˽ͭǮһ£ѾáҳТ£ѡƷµһܵڶƷ°ܻ֮ϯ»ʿӺģ
˻һ֮ڶʱ۷׷ס
Ҷ׼飬£ǰвʿǴͽū֮ӱǰаɡ٣һ֮٣Ҷ̩Ǯׯһ£ǮׯΪѦнӹʱж̣޷кĻ˻ȫ˵Ʒ²޹
Ҷǿʶﷸﷸ֮ܵߣ
ٴαɱѦУʱ֮ȴ˺ܶ࣬ͷҶ׼߷֮СڳУص£֮Ŀǰλ˶ˮ½һְΪͬģΪְıҪ֮ڣǷѦгΡˣ鲻ôһͣǷѡУͷһ𹫿ۣʧΪһƽ֮١
Զҵһ̨ףǱڳܾټ
ڳҳǿͷ˵ټһˣ֪Ƿʺϣֲ˾ԱҶ͡Ⱥ̫뻧ְʮ꣬Բ˰֮ΪϤְֲ˾ҳⴢþ˰»޵ȣδһλʵ֮ˡ
ҶǳҶӪĴ˻һĴþƱתڰ಻סԣֱԴ˽ʶ֮񣬹ͨȱɳ£ˮ½ٵϽʱͨݸأЭ߲Ϊ֮ҶͲʺϡ
Զ۵ͷ˼ʵ۳ĬֲΨӲҳҲ˼ˣвڻ̫Լۿв˾ְģЩڳҡͷ̾Ͽɣ벻Զ۵ķۡ
Ա֣̽˸ϿѦеƣ˶ٳ
ԶۼЪ㻺˵Ѧ˽һ£Ѿȥ֮ãڼʵʷߣǮׯ֮ѷѸǹ׶ۣ顣Ѧˣ˲ŻȦɵ㣬ʧΪһţӦ̰󱲵ǣּ
æУ׹
ţѦʷ״׼䷵ԭⶨˮ½ٵϽٵְλƺƷ볯θְ˳
Ⱥɽ꣬ԶûиٽԵĻᣬ뿪˳á
ʥּһ£ĵĪҶˣһ̲ͣϵҶ׼̫丮ȷϴϢ
Ҷ׼˺ü飬ֻεҪ͵˳ſڵûֵĻʣ
£ˣҪ𣿡
ӦûȻغݡʥּôдģ׼ԭܸȻȥݼĸɣػɱȢޣô
Ҷһôˣұӡ
ɱô˵Ļϵǻʵ۽ԷϳģǴֹУ˻ûأľ͵˱ˣŮҪȢ㣬ҿɵúúøһƸǮ
ƸǸһ죿ҪҲǸү;ģ
үѾһǰԶʮ꣬ѦҵĴӣƺƵ˺ӶƸȫ챦㣿
Ҷ׼һ˵𣬶ԣѦҸԼƸʱԶʮ꣬תۼ䣬ѾȥˡһİˣһϤİˣٱԼˣʱƣʱܸıĶ̫ˡ
Ҷ׼Ϊˣæ˵ôˣǼѦһƸ᲻ˣˣ㡪
С׼塱Ҷοˣʹ㲻˵Ҳ֪뵺˶ʹУɥ뵺ز
׷£ٸнҶ˫ʱӯˮ
Ҷ׼̾˿ᱧס˭˵ˣⲻõúܣ
ѦkЩ£ȫȻ֪֮һֱ봾ϵǵѦk䱾ȺѦҶ׼


43
Ҷ˳˫ɣ˵С׼壬Ҳ֪kΪλΪӣҪʲôûУα
ʲôУΨû㰡
ѦkⷽҶ׼⣬ΪҲǱ˵Ůˣõʹֱ̫࣬ˡ
Ҷ죬һ᷽˵ȴлҿԺ뿪ˣغݼǰ𣿡
Ҷ׼εؿݣҲǵĵطˣ٣ڲǡ
Һȥ˲ҲԸݡ֮ɲԲЩΡ̽
Ҷ׼̾˿΢΢ȥ˫΢ؿǰͥԺ˵壬ǵŸոտʼעÿһ˶ûлͷ·ֻǰߡ
㡢Сk磬֮便ʲôסҵ飬ж٣ҶЩȣҺأûǵģ
ȻҺʹУһỤȫ
Ҷ׼תҶ˫ۣٴذοãҶŽƽ
ԶʮĺѦڽ˳͢һģ
ǰǳ޵ɫţҶ׼ڳ͢λ߶ǡѼ׵Ȼڳ˶ϽһͨаͶžΪ
ģ͢ʽּѦ볯δƷ̫ˮ½תʹʽƹܴҵˮ½ٵĿء赼ԼЭ˾ʵﹱ˰תˡ£һԾΪҵӪˮ½ܶ֡
𽥽ӾӪѦмȶķݸۡͩݸչ
ԶʮģѦٴļ̤㳤˳ǣΣǳé®꣬ԡĳ͢سҵˮ½ͨܶ֡
Ѧпˮ½תʹۡһ̣ҶӴﱼ˳һѳ
ѦнסŬͷԼˮϾһ֮ʱûᡣ
ҶˮˮĴ۾ԼƣƺѦҪʲô
ѦЦЦӻСĵóһöǣŵϣ˵֮ǣȡ顭
ҶˮƲס
Ѧ֮һһö˫οղ֦÷壬һʮĻƽ˿Ƕﻨ֦ͷΡѦkв뿪ʱʮִæһֱ壬ͷλߣ˱һֱԭⲻطںѦ;ӡ
ֽż㣬Ҷ岻д̫࣬¼ѦkѦдɱֻ֮˼̺Ԣ⣬ϣѦƽȡ;רƸƸ
ʮһ֮УСˣ븮һͬͿ
ҶΪЦٴ˵С
ѦиβãյƸʼϲǣѦһƸ⵽˾һڻؾ
Ҷٰ㲻⣬Ѧȴֵʮ侲ƺϵֻĬĬͷ£ֱ뿪˾
Ҷ׼ѦжԴҵƽ׼ıĻ
׵ģ¢½亽ߵĺݶ̩͡
̩ѦȨ󣬱ѦгΪ·ߣ߻Ѧɹ͢·ҵҶ׼뿪ҲͣͣΪ͢ҲҲҶ׼֣ܲʤ齨ְ֮˾Ҫ֧šΣĲٿ붦̩֮֡
ѦѦɹĹͱս
ǣѦˮ½תʹĵһ죬㿪ʼ鳯͢飬һԷۣÿ£ۼƼһµʱ䣬ΪڣϤˮԼԣһд䣬۵ʼһϸڣʵѭһ̩͵ҵ˲ή
ΣְȨǿϽõӵٺ赼ΣȴѺӵʹȨ͹Ȩΰڳ̫͢һаɻ̺ŵ¢Ϊ͢ţȷ͢ȣƽȹĺӵʹ׼
ȫϾ˾ĻָгΪ򣬰Ѵջʵﹱ˰ȫٵ䵽Ӧݸƽ׼УʹԼʱͶгʵʵﹱ˰󻯡
ѦΪ߾פʳ⣬߾ݸʳѹһӡҵʵʩӪƶȣһȡùεĲɹʸ񣬱ȡӦȵƱƱܴӳ͢ɹΣӶͶг
Ѧй̽䵽߾ݸ߾פƱΪ׳룬ȡ̵ݣһ̼׬ɱҲܻñƱҪǴ˷̺Է߾˳͢ȺݵѹԽͶŵʵﹱ˰ת˾Ӫ֮У߻ʵ⣬νһá
Զ۵Ĵ֧£Ҷ׼Ѧеľƽ׼ѸټЧ£ӯΪ⿴˵ĻΤӦʱҲòҶ׼ѦеľӪŻʡԶ˾ڳޡ
Զ۶˵Ĺʮ⣬ѦߪΪƷ̫䣬ˮ½תʹΪ̫½Ҷ׼Ķ֡
֮ģǶ̩͵Ѹ˥䣬Լ˵Ѹ
͢ҵĶ̩Ȼʧȥ֧֮ǰѦегĸֱֹ͵˶̩ǳľأʹæµߣӭгҲֲͬʱȴԺĺߺĵȣ˸ؿ̵ҪѸٹռ˱򣬶һصںгݸ۱ΰѿأͩݸָտɴ
̩һƬƲΪ˵ѦȣʱȴԻ켣ڳ˹ٳӪνȦͼͨ˵¶ҡ͢ľߣԽӣ亽
ѦûлغݣһĿģҪõ
̫⼸æҶ׼Ѧжסڹ֮УȴѦȴס˿ɳ֮ڳ˸Ҹ˻ǲѵġ
գž㶫ŲŹ˸ͱΧ˸ʵͨ籨Ŷûᡣ
֮ľѦȣƿԺţһؿԺбɹ̫߿
ûʶΣյ٣ΪǶžۻأͷҲ̧Цʲôˣԣ´οɱҪȥм㡣
ѦȿԡڳȻԵõׯţˣȴһֻͷΪδǰչ¶˵һ棬ҪǣʲôģѾòĶҲõ
Ѧʶ˲ԣ̧ͷȥʱ󾪣æվܡѦӣֱץסԼǰ
ˣΪЩʱˡ
Ҳˣ飬Ҹûϵˣſң
ĴҿǺúõղأⱲӶƲϵ
ʢŭ֮£Ѧ˷ִ磬šֱһƬ


44
ʹֿ־壬ЩԴҹʱӿǰؿĿʢŭѦȣЩͽ͵ܿͱѦϽԷڣ˳ֹߵڵء
Ҷ׼ҵʱ㻹ɷ𣿣
ѱ־ֻ֣ܲصҳѾûϵˣŹҰɡ
ǰ󣬵ԽʾȴԽѦŰ档
Ѧȿ滨ȴһɻŭȻȥ˺£
Űؿľѣ󾪣ʹ
Ѧץס˫֣˸Լٷ˫֣εѹԼ£һ˲˺½¶ı
·˺һ˲ѦȺȻסˣΪǰȻǼµİɫ˰̣׵ļγǿҵĶԱȣԿֲ
סûһԼ½ۡ޿ˣֻڽֵؿ
ӡУ覵ģôᡭ
Ǹ˰̣ǡ
ݸõĴΣֽͽȥģǵ𣿣
ʹȥ꣬һǸɭµĵΣǻ˿Īʹв
ѦЩסˣûԿ࣬û뵽˵Ŀ£ʱ֪˵Щʲôá
ǻغ¿ʼҲǸĸˣǶ̩͵ļ̳ˣѦںеĲҵҵģѦеܸģҲԸ㣡Ҷ׼ֻҪһһضңЩҿһʹ
ЩЦһʹѦȣ˵ЩԼ𡭡Ǽ¹ȥ꣬ԪΣáʹˣ㻹ЩʲôҾɼʱôҵģǵûаδҩҲԪ۵ڣȴ˵Ҫ¿ʼֱ֮
˭Ҷ׼ľ棡
棿ԣǲĥңҶ׼֣
ѦûлشʣҲûٶǿǽ˼ӽ˰
Ѧȣ㾿ʲô
ؼҡߣ
߳ţѦȱȻҶ׼ѾΧСԺһϾؿ
׼
Ҷ׼΢
ѦүǧǴ̸û͸ٵ˼
Ҷˣҵļ£ȰٹΪ
ҵδޣļ»ҵļ£
Ҷ׼๡
δޡҪȢԼ仰ʱ̧ͷ
ѦҵȻһЩѦҵľҪƸʲûϣƲǴҵֵ֧ģֵŻǳãҲȻ
ѦүҪ̸ãҾ͸̽̽ҳҵ顷涨˷ûߣ˲ƲԴһϽɳ͢պʹҲ践ռүûţûռҵƸ񣬲ǸүĻǸģȫڼû֮СԣڿҪ׷ɵĶڶǳ͢ĲƲҪҴ㵽鸮ΤҪ𣿣
㡭ҶˣڿǱµұۣΪֹĿǳ͢棬컯֮ҵһȥ˳͢ǣ½
Ѧүɲʲô˵ƷɢǿŮͲ¶˳͢𣿣
Ҷ׼ӻ⣬׷׼νʡ
Ҷ׼ƷԱӶǳ͢ٱѵأѦȵӲѦļĻԺҪȻԿҴ˴˳˳ǣӽ£ٲƴҲҶԳ͢ٷֻ֮ûӻ֣ˡ
һܵҶ׼䡣
Ѧүʱ仹ǻغݿԼĶ̩ͰɣݸʱԲŲʣͩݸٲʣˮûúˡ
̩ͩݸҵսήѦȴߣҶ׼ĳҲֻתһ룬ȻЦ˼˵ȻҶϲлѦĳҲӡСζһ˲ͬҶƷζҩҪҡ
Щۻ֮¶˵˳
ѦȺôҲ˦뿪ˣһɫָ
׼ô
ǱĿмϵϸ΢仯̫µĶοڱ䶯Ƶ֪ʹӦæ÷
Ҷ׼ô𣿡
ƿ˴ɽ֣컯գܺ§§
Ҷ׼⣬תǲɢˣٽжžʰ
ʰȥһɡ
ǵƷƬӹҴȥʱæʱ䣬չˣٰӻȻ˰б㣬һѦʹթǷʤƬӹ֮£ֻһСֱͨɽɽţǰɽΧµģ֪˲࣬㰲ȫ
ǡһӦ嵽һʱ䣬в֪ôˣȻ䵭ΤѦkȴԽԽľү˶еһ
ģһչˡҪЩĥѡ
ĥѣΪʲô
˭֪أңð֮踵һˣſһ⣬ǴҲһɡ
ܾҶ׼лʲô飬Ǽ͸¶㲻ʣ˳ӵظ뿪
Ʒӹȡ
ٺ֮ΪҶ׼һҳ㷹Ҷ׼ã㷹֮ٳٲԸȥ
裬ȴһѱ뻳
ˮһ϶ǷѲ£װŭ
컹Ҫϳ춯ظɡ
Ҷ׼Ѿ䵽ϣЩʵضš
ģȥʲô˼硭ҽ㣿
˫ʱͨ죬֪˼ǡ
𡭡Ѧ˵öԣڴų͢һһᱻ˷Ŵٱȥӣһʲôõ鱻ʷ̨쵽ˣٴö棬϶ġ
Ҳ¡Ҷ׼һľѣһ˵Ǵ֪֮ӦôŮ˵ˡ
ҪϽȥɡ
ȻܾȴƲסԼϵ￿нĸ衭ȻĳϢһͻȻӴһƿȻվ
ϵ˰̣Ѧȶˣ
Ҷ׼Щסˣתһ룬Ƕ˱ϾǷޣԸҲӦģǿѦȺ죿
뵽վǸԲ𡭡ҲѦ㡭
ҪᲢۣ䣡ϡ
ǲЩõˣѦ뿪֮ǰ˵Ƕλ֪ʲô˼Ҷ׼Щңæסذ


45
ƽ¶ĽƳ⣬Ȼɵת˷š
Ҷ׼òӦֻתȥ
žҶ׼뿪ˮȥ׼ϴȴö巢һį
С㣬ôˣ
žݸһȽӣǵʵ
ûʲô룬ȾưѦȲΪˣǱ㵽͸׻Ͽɺã
žһԾһž۹ȻǺãҶ˻ͬ𣿡
ﻹŲңȻϣ𽥷£ȻͿˡ
Ҷô£δޡ
ô˵Ȩ֮ƣ²ҪᡣϴȥмĳׯƷΤ˺ΤСĶԻҲˣΤΪΤС㳤ˣֳ尲Уǰ䡭ΤС㣬Ҳǻϲġ
˵Ҳ޵žȻͷ̧ͷСأô죿
΢΢Ļ磬ЦҲһ˿磬·ΪһСг̶ѣͿԻΤСǳΪƬգϨ𡭡
ˬΤ㵽ԼҶ嵽ΣŽžͱ뵽лҳҶͨ˳پ棬ϽЦľүȻһ̸ͬе£㶡
ҶΤԱߣЦʱƲֵģϣΤܴúù䣬ɢɢģܸô㳯źáҾͲˣǡ
ΤæվǷ񣬻صСֶС
ԶΤתҶ˵ǵɣس֮ڱ칫ȥȥ鰸빣䶼ˡãȥߡ
¡ҶЩ²͸Ѧе뷨˵ӦϲԼģ֮ҲʲôˣǰֻǾһξܾѣô˲Լ䵭ΪѾƲˣȻΤд飬Ҳ˻ѾӣѦʸһڴӦ
˽⣬ҶŷԭΤ䣬һλŮѾڽȺˡŮϣһ˫ˮĴ۾͸죬ЦһСѣһӢˬˡ
ҶЩסˣʵΤ磬λǡ
δΤػŮӱغҶкҶããΤ֪ꡣ
ſھͽ˽㣬ô֪ͱ󣿡
߶˼ҶٴλҪһһС߶λ尲ʶĽ㣬һ꣬꣬Ȼҽˡ
ΤԼĵףæʹɫȻ졣
ԭΤС㣬ѹַ˷ǷҶæ˵ԭΤС㣬ʧˡ
Ҷ˼⣬ֱӽ֪ͺá
ôСʹϵѵСԭµģ
ԭ£Ǻ⣿õĶԻҶЩˡ
ΤЦѦڳôͷ׿أķɲԭô
ŴԣҶ￩һתΤ֪꿴ȥ
Τôһ˵Τ֪һŰ͸СʱˣæƲϵǵģǵģҶɱϹ˵ѦֻϳԹٱ㷹ֻǾŻѣûаŮ˽飡
⼱еǻѻҶ֪ԭɫżǺģǺߡȻˮ⣬Ǳá
ΤˣҶ˵⣬ڹϵ߹سûʲô̫ĹԼƽʱϰˡ
ҶЦˣΤﻰĽĽأĽ⡣֪ãμ棬Ҷ壬գ
һ·˵Цų˽ܿ
أŮӱԽԽˡ
Τ֪ʵҶһҲֳ˵Ļ𣿡
ţ
˵ҺѦˡ
ҶЦˣصżƲӾ֪޶Ů֮ˣ˵⣬ҺĹȥͬΡ
Ȼϻۣѹֳ
ҶЦЦûлش
ʵúһ˵ġ
˭Ҷ֪޲ԣ޲
壬Ҷ׼
˭Ҷ循÷һ䣬ʶסƥȻͣ¡
Τں棬λΪҶƥܾæ
С壬û°ɣ
û¡ֻǺ֪ĵһЩȤ飬̲סͣϸϸƷζѡΤ磬Һ֪ҪŮҵ£ߣȻǰĳͤ
Τ俴һֻۣΤ֪溬ߣ֪˴ţǵͷ뿪
ΤԶҶСʵ֪ꡭϲϡС׼壿
Τ֪һߣ˵ͷ͸ղӢˬģȻͬ
ҶǺȻ˺װȻΤ֪ʶȴܿǸĺŮҶ׼ϵϣƾΤ֪Ͷעٴ˼עǵòرģ̿ѹתȰ
ǡС׼ķָǰѦҳϱ£س˺ӦŰɣ
Τ֪һصҶһƷ¶Ǽ˭֪᲻ݺ˵ŮӲǱ̿ʶʲȻ𣬿ɼȻǺ̰ͼͣˣҴӲЩ߲׽Ӱ顣
ҶĲ֪ǺˣͬΤ֪˵ǵǷҶ׼֮Ĺϵ˵ֻᶶҶ׼ʵϵʱ֪ΤӦʱ᲻ҶǣҶʱΪˡ
֪꣬ʵҹӡйѡֻҪҪӵܶڻ¡С׼Ҷҵ֧Сĸ˫԰ټҷģ㣿ʹͬ⣬ΤҲͬġ
⻰Τ֪ͷҶ֪˵ˣΤӦʱºʮ꣬һѾΪŮδżѡΪ˿
ʵĸ˵֮£֮ǰ˵ǵĽҡѦС
ʲô
Ҷжʱ죬֪Ӧԡ
Τ֪꿴ɫ䣬æοҶģǲͬģѦ˼ϳԷĿбӣΣҲ޴⡣
ˣѦбϾ̫µΤӦʱĶͷ˾ǻʵۼΪصȨѾѦУлء
Ҷζӳ£һڻؾѦеףΪѦڶΪԴй鸽һԴһֱ𸴣Լֲܾ֮治˶жרֻܻºӦΤãݲݽⳡκԷؾ
գҶ̹ܲƲ磬һѦе̫丮
ŷֻ첽ԽǰԺһ·Ѧе鷿
ſȥҶȻѦһλŮΪǣŮѦл溬ߡѦûбҲûоܾһ֮֮ӣ


46
ҶֱԼ۾
ѦмҶ壬æŮƿɫϾؿ
ҶɫЩףʶԼ֣Ѧ˵Ǹˡ
˵ת뿪ɡ
Ѧ׷ߵǰվסҶʼϲһͷײѦ˳ƽס
ﴫһİ֬ϢҶﲻʣššüƿ
Ѧء
ǶͬҶߡͬˣʲôأ
˵ãһ˵£Ҷپģ̧ͷ˵һΪѦڱ˺ݵľˡЩҲûʲôģϾȥˣѦ۸գѡȻ࣬ҲίԼѡȱ֮ˡ
˵£ҶźȻԼԴ;ѦһʱҲǳٵˣʹҲΪʣ֪ǷΪѦиȫУ¡ĸ飬һߣһ˼һˮί֮ۿ̲ס졣
Ѧп⸱ҪǿίӣӿһᣬٴνӵҶסţҲ
壬һʱ䣬ǿԻصȥġ
ǲǾүƸûӣԴ֮Ҳûҹˡ
Ȼǣ
ΪΣ
̫æˣҡȻүϲңҲûá
ͶҲܲˣŲʣǲǼ޸˱˶ں
Ҷƿض۾
ѦпЦ˵㻹ǵСʱںݣҴȥߵĺʱԸ˵Ҫ޸ңЦ㣬ԵںģӦȥ˵ϿܹܲңǺ϶ܵҡ
Ҷһɣȥ
ʲôǵˡѦȻһż˵㻹ݶˣ˭Ҳܲңֻкԡԣܲġ
ղšҶѿڶʣ߻ȥ
㵱治ǵˣŮ忤ãǰ
ǰҶȻѣôһ˵žŮӺСʱʶǰȷмơǣǰ֮ʶģʱ뾴׺ҵĺҲʱһˣ
֮򸾷ּټǨؾϵݸ·ⲻȥ˺Ϯ忤ö˾һֱڷݸδؾǣѦôʶ磿
Ѧ̾˿ʱѦңǰҲУʶһѦʱҲѦңǼһˣϧЩ㶼ˡ
ΣѵСʱйԵֵŮӶȢ˲ɣ
ҶˣѦ޷ֻ뿪Ժƫο
ǰ鷿ſԶԶؿǣʮֲζȻɫ
ѦаοҶ֮ʱҶ׼Ȼ֣ű˵УҪ̡壬ô
Ҷ׼Щ㵣ؿһѦС
壬ȻȥҺʹ׼ЩҪЩȥ𣿡
Ҷ忴˿ˣֱǱز̹棬޷ֻ뿪
Ҷ뿪ıӰѦ˵ôһԾˣҵϣٸʵס
Сıʮּ̣̫ǰôȻˣ
̣Ϊûǰֹһ桭ĺܵ
ûлͷ·ˡУֻһǰСҴıҺȻ뵽³çƸǰôóȻҺþؾóף˽֪Ȼ֪Щʲô
ѦɫϾ΢΢šü˵Ѿٺ𣿡
Ȼٺˡ
Ҷ׼ЩãѦ֪Լľﲻʣļ˵ЩҺˣƺûС߰ɣѾǰ鷿ϰˣλɵﲻ𡣡
ǰϢܿʹ˳ˡҵͷķگýŮƾûôϸһ֮ϸʰʡӣȡ׿ϾͿԴھͷ;ȥһʹû㳤尲һһһȵ뾩ְʵ۶ˡڳ尲Ļ׹ֻŹ忤δˣͬģŮǰǡ
˵䣬ѦҶ׼ѻص鷿Ҷ׼ǰ¹Ҷ׼ǰ֪Ϊ˴忤
˽ţǰû뿪ѦУҶ׼˷кҲ⣬赭д͵סӵˣȻȥ죬ͲٶӸ档Ҷ˺Ѧ˵ֺҶǿģԡ
Ҷ׼װͿˣ֪˷Ϊ˺£
Ҷ֪˶֪̩Ѿ˻ʺ¬ϵĽˣѦҲƹ̩ܶͣһѦӦñ˸ס֪̩ͻƿű˱ϵˮ·䣬࣬ЩԴԴϵؽ¬ҵǮׯմ˿λµĳŵɰûжְ
Ҷ׼֪ĿѦУѦвͷǲưոݵģǳ˳ѦеӣʾӦ
ѦвϵĺгѾռ죬Ƕ̩ͱϾǺ̩ʹ͢ľԼ˵ѾһֺгǴҵ̩ܲ͸߽߱ǽǣƴҪ׻ʱա
ǰߵѦǰҪʱգʮҲ޷ȵ𣬵ǾѦɣԺݵ˺ִ̫Ų£Ӱ֣ǾͲ̵ˡ
뿤ģʹһ̲ǡ
ǾͺãӦ飬һҲǡ
ǰ˵Ҷ׼ﲻѦ˰Ѻ
ҶңҴУ
ǰҶ׼ĴڣպҶ׼ҲϣپѦҶ£صȻſϢʺġ
Ҷʱ䲻취Ȱ¶ջͭĿȨɡԴ**Ϊ俪ͭһӺ¬ҵͿʼռرͭԴӪҾҪͭǮҪ¬ҵıϢ̵ҵ֮ƷͭǮ˷翪ԴͭͭˣҾֵĻͶˣǴҵͭǮȻȱЩҶ˶½Ͳǡ
ЩԶ᲻ܶ¬һֻ۱һֻۣΪ¬ʺ֮ʣͬģΪ˴̶ȣҲΪ¬ʺĶӣİˡ
Ҷ׼ǰһֻܵͷǡ
Ҳ֮й̳͢ף̫ͣߴǰŰߡ
ѦĿ뿪üͷһɲĸо


47
ҵ󹬳ʺλһ֮ĸ⣬֡ʹɡǡ楡ˡˡŮŵȣʹֻһϯǻʺĴĸϯƷϯλޣλײڣһֻΪʼҵ߲ʸܷ⡣
ĺ뿪ܼ͢λ꣬ꡣδɳگ⣬һҪʼ۳У⣬Ѽ
ף̫ĸȻλʱǹƷڵķǹ̫ǨƫԶ£ֻżگŮǰؾסߣԶ۵ĸ̫ţף̫Ǻ֮бߣТΪȣԶ۶һأ˼ӲǰĻ档
ǰ󲻾ãף̫ȻǰԶۣ˵ĿΪŮһ¡
ף̫дʱĸλҲңף̫˻ЦλֶΪ֪ܷǰķۡ
һ˶ϵӳҿ˲õĺ£ΪÿԽطȨģӦһ׮¡λף̫ǰܾǽȴ
£ţӶǶӣ˶˲뾣ϵڶʹδסһλ̼ˣΪ½ǣƫһţСѦʲôš
ѦСԶ˫ؿ˵˳
ԶԣǴˡŴ˳̼ҲԸ֮ˣǶӦ䡣
λһʱЩΣܿɫתԶۿȥ
Զ۵Ǻ侲˿һԵǰ˵ǶŹ𣿡
ǰæ£ǶһƫӾϵݸŲŲδ˵ˡһνһ·Ѧ¼
Ŷ˵ʲô˵Զۺ˿ڲ裬ʵ
£Ƕݳ뺺룬һ·ټҵĴӣģɡǶټˣʸһʲ֪ԭǱµľ䴬ӣ֪֮˱µˮ½תʹѦѦˡѦ˶෬ޣǶǶԴ˱Ѧӡ󡭡
ǰԽ˵Խߣľȥ
Զۼ糺죬Цԭ޵ˮ½תʹѾ£ԶֶŮ֪ˣ޻Ȼ֪ǲ
λҲЦдӳ˱µʥ
ף̫æǣǡ˵Ѧе¼Ƕ˵֪ģǰ֮£һ򲻶ȻǶеģĸȻҪΪǣߣ¸ʹ͡
Զ۲ÿɷ˼һ˵Ƕ޵ֶŮҵĿһεҲȵãУ»ã޿Ǽ죬Ƕȥ֮ǰ̫𸴣Σ
ԶûԾܾѾʤĵһף̫ܲͬ⣿æлŴǰ뿪Զ۹С
뿪λԶ۽Ե£һ²볯͢سǣ檵ġ
ĵĲ޵סֻǰվŸ˵ѦǶҶ岻ģо鸴֮ơԵ޽Խ⿪ģٸϣЦ˻Ҫ찲˵ĻΪá
λŴˣͷͣ
Զʮ϶ԶּΪǰͻ飬үǵˣ̫䡢ˮ½תʹѦУڶ顣
׹ɻʵ۴ͻ߲٣ȺΪ档˵ƫݣһүͷݶӣ忤ǰϾǵӵֶӡֶŮѦг̼Ȼһ£һ˽̸ֵʡ
϶ʱڣ˽ͷƮһСѩҶãȻڽֵУæµŵܿܿԶʮ꣬Լ尲ǷҹѦгĳʱƽƻͨѦһ湫ӣһ崿ˣõ껪õĳõı˴ˡ
ֻɫԽȥҴҡ˶ҪڷǰصҶĿĵⲽҴγԱȡ
˭Ҳû˼ֻŽ´æĽŲһ˲ײҶһ£˸ģҪˤȻһǿı۰ȷס
Ϊϲ˫Ȼתͷȥʱȴ˲
С壬ɫˣظɡ
Τ۵ؿزԸ֡
ԭΤ硭ҶĻ
ΤվǰΪһ϶ɫҴҵٴײ
ҶΪξӦеף;ǺáΪѦе׹ĸҲֻ̾ԴҶ׼سеһƺı䣬֪ʲô£ǣûܸһ𰸡
ڣʵۺȻּѦкǰͻ飬Ҳ֪ʲôԭ򣬵Ǿ򸾡Ҷ׼ѦkȻû˿Իش
С壬룬ҿȥ̫丮Ѧʸף
Ȼ̧ͷˮĴ۾Τ䣬Ըһͣ͸ˣһֱûСʱնûУԺҲˡһ͡
ѵ𣿺һأ̶һأѦõʱ⣬ʵ̫٣ٵûʲôֵģŶ˾ֻƬĽͶûС
ҶֿʼˣβͯǴνѣѦУһΣκʱҪܡٴھᵽӳԷԶ볤˳ÿǿԼ볤˵һ˺¡
ûоܾҪ磬оһױϣҶ֪νױǼãΪ뿪һڴӦ
ӳԷٱ֮ʱһƣв⣬ֱӵ־Ӫ֮Ȼͨ衣
Ҷͷϧ˳ǣûмζľʣΤˣ֮УСһ𳤴ֳΤ׽˼֣ϧְ־ʱҪڹеܳһֲ֪ʱˣ뵽Ҷ岻￿˿
컯գֲ˵ô
䲻һ˵㾪ţǱֿˣתۿȥԭѦk
ѦôˡѦkı˺ܶ࣬ҶΪϾܿĹϵҲԶʱֵܵ׺겻ڣòϵȻڱԷſڣܱ߰ߣҶһһָƣӱġ
Ǩ¾ӣȻҪһ£ʲô©
ȻһУѦ˷ġ
Ѧ䡭ǣү⡭ⳤ˳ǿɲֹһѦ䣬һλ׼ɹٵģظƺš


48
һѦk֪˵̫ѦУҶ岻Ծزһ¡
ѦkķӦûѦУȻӿһ˫ֽճȭҧгݵʲôˣֻϣܸ䣬ѦȶǷޣǶоҪ塣
ǿҪʧˡѼû٣ҴδйκνӴε֪˵ѦүѾֿˣʲôδ壿ûдѦһשһߣҲǷѦҵġ
ѵҪҶ׼Ĵǰ̣˽ͨݣ󱻼û丸ԽĴﱻţһ˵Ǽ۵㡣Ҷ׼һܶµסڿ𣿣ʹʷ̨Ҳ
ѦkѦԽԽˣڵ¡⸱νȻָӣѦָȱ׻׻ԼĶӲҪȢʲôҶЦתԷС
ѦkΪԽԽ񴵣ʧأתԸԺױҶһɲ÷˽ԷŷҶ巵ԷУ߱˵û뵽Ѧk˶٣һסڱԷͲȫˣһɡ
ɴʱҶԸڱԷҲس˳ǣǸ֪޵ľǹϵҡҡͷ
˰ȻȺ֮ʱҵȻһش߾ٽ˱
˱߾ؽִӦսӲס˱߹سݸǳ汻ΧؽԮΪȵǣ˱ҳһڣѲȣټϴҵʮ겻ĺ֣ص˱գȫƾѦе˵ľȼգʹɻҶڻʳҲǿս³ԽʳֶȱյѾ˱ٱıԵ
ճΪ񣬲ܳ͢Ĵ˱ӿ飬ҲڵʳΰԼϵĸڴҵ󷽵ȶʱǰ߳Խ󷽲ȣҵ᧿Σ
ԶۼڳԲߣɳ˴ٵЩǻĵ⣬һõóһȫߡ˽֪ҵغأ˱ܱߵĵ࣬Ҳֻܰʮ£ϵʳԶˮѾȽԶ۶ʱմŭֱڳܡ
Ѧдʱ׳һơ
̩͵ĺߺˣ켴ɵλڲݣ߹ٵֻ죬ҹϳ̣һһҹɴ
ȴֱָѦдԲѣʹߺˣҲҪʮܵ
ѦвֻۣǳĬ
Զۿ龰˳ᣬֻѦһ顣
Ѧ䣬֪ʮڶ̩Ͱ˵տɴﲻſڴƻƣԸꡣ
£дٶȳй⣬ҲкܴӰ죬˵á
磿
ǡʱ붦̩͵϶ѧϰдƶ棬ʮƶްټãԼᡣ˼壬뼾йأڼڣʱɱ䣬ҲǴԼԦһԭ򡣳ҹ󣬹ƴʱļڱ˳磬˲ŸҴԲ˵տɴ
Զ۶д֮²˽⣬Ѧе۽Žɣһ
ѦмˣԵһ֮ǰӪˣȻѾӾӪϸӻʱһͨӪϢһЩްټ̵Ϣ߾йء
Զһʱ˾˫ֱѦУ˵˵
߾ʱҳΪתƹڵìܡŸù򴢾֮Ѿ˼СģսĵʱϷ磬ù֮ʴ۶˼һְʱѪѹԨǴռŵճӵͷġɾ£ֻΪֺùڵĺսɣΪӮǵֵ֧С־Ӱˣʵʵ뿪߾лɳˡ
ԶüԴǵʵϢԴǷɿ
ȽϿɿϢԴڸ߾ϲĹޣ˹߾ͣ߾żϢ
Զ۳һᣬʵǷһȫߣ
£ҳԭƻ䣬֧ԮݣһǱ߾ڲװѰӴܷӴɹʵ̸ʲôݶҪҪҪΪҳˣһȻΪǿȡҳټҳԮʳȻλռôȻóȻ߾֮ΧȻӭж⡣
ԶմãֱԺüƲߣּѦȫȨö̩ʹߺ˵һ£ŵ˳˸߾ѦС
ԶۻһתҪʹǰĻԼ²УΪѾ˹£Ϸԣ޳֮
ѦȴʮֵϷԳȻ֪˶ϲΪѱ¡֮ԸڶȢһλˡ
ԶԳԾȢһλ˼ҪȢҶ壿㾹ȻҪҶ檣
ͬͬӭȢǲңƽ졣
Ӧ֪̫ҶӰ²Ϊ˲ҡ̫Ծ֮ҲذмӣҪ˼ҵ˼뾴ڲʲТ֮أ㵱Ǵ󵨣
Զŭ⣬Ѧæּ֪
Զŭ⣬ȴǶѦеĲмӣ˲δŭ˵ѦҶ岻һЩСŮѣڹҴǰ΢Ҫȫǡ
ҶȻޣҲûΥ˻ϵּ⣬۴֣ԶҲûһڻؾǻظѦ˼գȽ˳֮Χ
⽥ŨѦذ̫ţ˳ᢣǰ˰Ӽݣٷɸ봫˱ѧȻǱ߾ǣʹơ
Ҷ׼ңŲݵİΣϵڶ
ѦпϵƤͼ˼Ҷ׼ɫϾض̿裬ʱʱŪһ̿һֳʱļž
˼ƣЩյġҶ׼в̿СľŲæ˵
Ѧм뿪ƤͼֽڰѧϽ֮˱ʱѾʼˣڲǷգҲ̫˰ɡ
˼ɣӱ򹦻⣬ҲƹȢ塣ֻû뵽ȴһţίǿɺޣҶ׼һѹеŭ⡣
ΣСֶǸлðգҳɻ֮գǵö
СֶҶ׼תͷɻ
ں֮ʱ㻹һһֶ㣬Ź˶ãȻ˸ɾֶŮҲֶŮˣ˵ԳСֶΪɡ
ѦкϾķΧ˺һӡҪ͸͸Ȼ̫ᡣ


49
Ҷ׼һۣԱߵĲ豭һڣҿɲףⱻʷ̨һᵳӪ˽
һڲҶ׼˵ĵµĽףȷŲᱻҵϸ֤̽ݣͨǳĴ
ͨĵºγǣովȽŸٷϴˣԨһǳϷȻҰ𶯣ѱԣ֤£ǻ
һѾеļҵˣ˼ܣǸѷȻǳϷαٰѧȥ߾ͽգ
ԶɣȻ˰мǣĸòɾ鷳ˡ˵ĵΪһ֤ͨʲô֮һڳݳͷıĻʦ£ǲǴ鷳Ԩǣס֮ߡ
⻰Ҷ׼ײ²豭򿪴
ѩ׷ɣƮƮڣ֪ƷĺӹȣǷǰѩ
ǰʮգ߾˱֮Χý⡣
Զմã۹ͣȾṩҪ鱨ӣ׼ǨԭžۡΰߪѦתλδƷɣΪǮ˰Ķ֣̫µְ̫Ҷ׼ֱߵλ
Զ۵Ĭ£ѦͬʱǰҶƸ֮գɸӭ׶ƺƵ˽˳ǣΪ˵һʢ¡
ɸۡƻ磬ֱʱϯɢ
Ҷ׼סѦkѦóһغԺĵ·
ԺУѦеסãߵĳ԰ǰľߵߴ԰ҶľѦжף̫ʩѹӲǽްűӣҲԶۺĬܵѹҲֻԼ֪
ɴʱûܰǰԺһˮ鿽ѡߣߣߣֱӻԼĺá
ѧڻصѦеߣѦ뿪˸κֻܿڱﻮѦкǴ֮һʼѧһ֮ݳ˵棬г
ѧҲѦڶ̩Ȩʱٵѹս濴Ʒĺ˰ϵѹ͵ֻáɳеѦеĲŻѹͬʱҲѦ޷ƶ润̩͵ԭ򣬱Ͼôĺ̺ţѦֻ֮ʵܼԦ˵ģ˶ԼѦء
ү
Ѧûлش𣬳һתǰ԰
ѧϿįӰ̾˿
ߴ԰·Ĵűƿͷ֮µҶʱŵĶɤۡ
ôôǿȡ᣿ӳԷŬûãŸΤ䣬ϣ뿪ȴΤ䱻ΤӦʱϢƵ־פأȴ͢á
ԽԽ޷⾴ѦʽƸգѦҪȢң޻ˡ˵ֻöӣ˰ڲѺ޼ֵڲʲôŵЩˣΪΡ
Ҷ˫ѾʪڵסСָ
˲ӯѦУɻ˺Ȼͨعڵأٷˣܿˡ
ǡԣ
Ҷæͷ˿ȥɲ
æԷ𣬼ʵԣôˣ
ϲڲ뵺ˣүҲָлصүߡ
ԭͬǶһ죬Ժ˺תóΪӪҵ˽ܲԾϵݸǨƽˮ֮ؾϵѾٽѧϳ棬ԼδƹƷʷѦүѦʸӣٿҵֳ˵ıǷ񻹺Ѧйϸ롣
˰ᵽ˾Ѧһͼųͬ򶫡չ𲽲ʳ̩͵ĴͳءҶЦ£ԼѦܷڳ㣬մˡ
ԼͷΪѦΪβæ͵ٷˣүҹչģ˵ǰϾǿؿշ»ñ޹⡣
ǡҲǣǰңǵһ壬Ǹĸ˫ĹŮôѡҲӦõġ
ҶӣһĨ˻ȥԼһ˿ЦݣްүǱµĳӣôǶԵġжױɣǻҳ˵˵뵺£ķ⣬ͳء
ΪЦĨᣬҶױ̨ߣϸĵΪжȥױݡ
˿ءݣǱ߾ϸǶ֬һϣͼЭ䡭
֮˷һλŵļˣԲ̾ٷˣүڵᱻס۾գһµģ
ô˵үˣ֪֪ʧԣæס졣
ҶЦЦֲǵһȢңʲôûʶ
ǲһȥٷÿˡ
ԽԽ˰ɡ
УЩˣ˵ʹٷˣҲǺÿġ
㼱ģ㿪ЦѡУԺҪٷˣٷˣڳ԰
ŶԾС죬һΪȻλǿ𣬽ͺˡ˵ֲ֮ʲôŹڣܻϡʲôѦҵٷء
ϡϡػҪеġԣȥݺ裬Χ̿ߺȲ졣
չ¶Цݣͷæȥˡ
˵Ц˽һʱϸظ뵺ķ⣬Ҭ̣һļû¡£˵˳ĶëѩǱһ˪δ
Ҷʮϡ棬СҲ뵺һЩţ뾹ȻġȥʱѾúˣ벻бȺݸõĵط
֪ʱѵʱæһҶ˯⣬žʹ˯ĿԿӣϴϢϲվ㱻һ˰ס˼
һͷȥȴѦУ
ϲò˳Ѧ˸ĶȻڰֽȥ
Ѧŵ߹ȥҶ塣
ȻһůϤĻ˯еҶΪԼΣȻ￿˿Ѱһʵλá
Ѧйǣͷһ£Ȼߵߣ£ٰҴñӡ˯Ҷ壬ѦеĿ˿᲻뿪˫ֲԾظӣĦ
оϵ⣬Ҷ岻ʵššü㿪ָ˯ȥ
Ѧп񾲵˯̲סȥĴ
ϴƺѾȥ˼ٸˣѦбֻѵˮղܡĴȵĴһ¶أõ࣬ǿʼ̽Եıߵء


50
Ҷڸо쳣ԺſۣȻѦзŴ˵ףԼΪҶգʶҧأ˫
Ѧа˫֣繡Ҷ嶯ãһֱ㿪ǣԴϱ㲻ֵŤ
Ѧͣ˶ţ뿪˫ؿɳƵ˵壬ǵĶҹ֪Ӧôɡ
Ҷôһ˵Խתһ룬λýȢӣΪҵ䣡
ü˵Ѧ˸˰ɣ򡭡ӦúʽƸλᷢӲǡ
ҲƸӣңƸΡ
˵꣬ѦûиĻᣬٴȥǵľѡ
Ҷ壬һЩ仯ŭʹԼô˲޵ֿ֮ȻıǼеز׽һ˿İ֬ԭѾ˻ãֻ֮
Ҷʱ˴룬ҵ˵Զ㣬Ҷ㡭
Ѧв⣬æӣʵôˣŪ𣿡
Ѧǲ̫̰ˣҲ³˫𣿣
ѦȻʧЦԭĵϣǯסǰ˫֣ս˵ûУҺʲôҲûֻһʱѵص˯ţȻ㡭
ȻؽͣԣںİɡҶ彥ֹͣ˷˫شϣͷȥ
ĸоԽԽǿң޷ĵȴӦ
ʱ̣Ҷ廹ǻָһǣȻסţ˫ѵʵ㡭Ĳȥߡ
ѦʵжĻӦ
Ȼһ˺ѵʹҶʶغݺҧסѦеļ
Ѧššü۵ؽ
¡µĳˣƮ˶ëѩ԰ĵƻٴε
ǰֱ͸ıѣõϲ췢ŮӦź̨˽ڴߴᡣ
Ϊ˯ˣߵ˸ɴ࣬ȶû¡̨ټć֣·ĳΪһ»֮ҹǵסԼɷůĻûõֻܱűӶؿշʱܹί
ӦдŸүѦ̫ˣô»֮ҹͶȥ˲Ǳߣܹ֮û
ˣҲǧŵԣֻһշô㻹֣δ棡
ǰЪ˹Ӧŵòҳͷ
볩԰෴ߴ԰Ǵ̡
һ磬Ҷ屻һѣۣ˶ӣһʵʹ£Ѧеĵڶڲһ衭
Ŷˮ˽Ҷߺ챧űЩ֪ģʱЦˣˣˡūźϴɣһүͿӹף̫밲Ҫؾ밲ˡ
ҶͷŲӣ˫ŲŵأѾ¸һ˫µĺЬҹôѩѩˣЩ䣬㡣
Ҷһϴһʵԣʲôʱˣ
չʱ
ȻѾʱˣҶ󾪣˵ƽʱҲˣɽǻŵӣôҪеЦˡ
ʲô˯пԭҶģٺ١
ԻлҶʱ糺죬æͷȥϵԼ´ᣬԵĿ⡣
ôƺһЩ
ȣ뾡ȥ
Ŷү˵⻧ɸǱ´͵ģϤߴ԰ʱСıͷ辰ˣҲᱻһС˰ԺеĻݲݶһ飬ˡȥ϶ϲġ
ˡҶ岻ꡱЦ˳
·ױ̨׼ױʱҶȻʮĻƽͷξȻѾױ̨ϣȥϸϸƷѾˡ
һҡҪϣҶæֹס̫ҡˣ֧Ӱɡ
Ҷһ֧Ƕ챦ʯĽ챦ʯ̳һʢĺ÷öһֱЯ÷塣
ãԸϡ
ʩ졢ɨüҶ忴žеԼƺǰһμ޸ѦеʱһˡʱԼƺһߴӵСŮڣٲȻһʢʻü˼ֳζЩı䣬Ϊ£Ϊ֪ΪΣ֣϶ʱΡ
ţӭһĺ⣬ҶһҲ䣬ˬޱȡۿȥͥԺǺѦ;𣿣̨ͤСˮءֱһģһ
ΣⲼֻҶСķ𣿡
ѭȥߵŮѾһأѦпͥԺĹţ̤ѩ
Ҷ忴΢΢֪Ǹԭ񣬻ӭǰȥϾǰֱѦүҲǸԵѦٷˡ
ѦߵǰҶӲؼ֣ˡ
Ϊңûʸƺİɡ
ѦкȻüҶСʲôʱѭ浸ˣˡǡǲǸóƺҶС㣿
˵ţѦǰһӵ뻳
ԴżŮȻӷ˳ҶپѦ΢΢ƿ
˳ԳԵЦԭش
ﱧŴ֮ҶԲ⣬Ż´죬ôͻˡ
Ѧмסհֽ£Ȼ˵˼䡣
Ҷ飬Ӳ⣬תΪ˶䣬תȥ
ѦвЦڱסӣͬѩͥԺʤ
ʱã㣬¾á
壬ӦóƺҷߡֱӳƺҴС
ѦԴڳ԰ҶҲûǸܺͱͻŮӰȰ˵Լɷ¶մҲѦнеļ޳԰Ӧҹͨǰʣزȥ̽Ȼ󱻲סѲġ
ѦʱҪ飬ѧϵߴ԰֪Ҷһֱ̫ԼĺãҶ塣
㣬Щ޷νǣҲͨ𡭡
ÿո޵ĳ趨ʡѦˣÿһʮǰ˵ʲôҲͬӼһҪҶߵͷ
ת۵ԶʮԪա
Ԫպе˺ͲҶҪߵ˵ģѦвԸҶĹָ֮˲УҪǰ˫ַ裬ھǵڵģѦ˵ʲôҲͬ⡣
ǰһҲãѦвͬ㵱ݣһѦбҪһ˳ϯԶڹµļ磬ʱȻҪԶۺף̫Ϊǰһ£ô˵ǰȷʵռϷ硣


51
Ѧмŭ˦뿪ΪҶ壬һɢ
һߵݽҶ廹ǽӹӦݹĲ̣¸Ѧкǰ衣
ѦпܣС󣬼ʱܹίʹǰһԶ޺ݣҲмףңڡֻڴʱŻںԼǿȢΪ檣衣
Ѧæȥù豭ַԱߵСϣȻ־þòԸɿ
ǰãһ
ҶŲ֣תǰķ˫ַϲ̡
Ŀ֮£ҶǿҲԼĴָ׵ֲָʢ˵ǰŲ̵˫Щ
ǰ˹ȥӣ֪⻹ģȻ˲豭̵ĲˮмνϣʱӴһ˳Ʒ˲̣Ȼ˻Ӧʱ˳ָҶһƣ
˵һ׷׵ͷ
ѦжʱŭǰŭһȻҶ𣬽ŵѯơ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵û£Ѿ̲סۿת
ѦʱеĴʹҶ彻ԺǰԺߡӦҶһۺæȥ
һ԰ķţѦб㽫ǰ赹ڵأŭĿӣǰһٶ㣬ΪΪ忤ҵľ֮ݺϿ֮ԼҴδǣ˺壬ұ㣡
ǰգʧҲѦкѦУ壡ûҶ׼뵺û֪λȨء绽𣿣ˣʹ¸Ҷ׼˵
Ȼ֪֮ȥӦֻ֪֮Լϵس꣬ҺҶ׼ֲ˶忤֪˵Һʹ׼ѾǷʲôˣԼ㵱ӦеģҸ߹Ҵֻһˣ㲻ϧף̫ƻ顭ɽյĳ棬ȫȡȣ
ǰѦЦһȡȡݺϿʱ˭ĵ˵ԸͿأ౨ģҶ׼̴Ƶʱ˭˵Ψ忤հģ
㲻ӦԼӲǵĻ
ҲӦˣ𣿣
Ѧ˫ӥǰȷʵ޻˵Ϊػسˣȷʵˡ
ǽжЩ£ϣ˵һξˣһ˴̽ȥתµĶоѦнָƽĮ˵̧ž뿪԰
ẦҶɡȻˣΪλӲҪȢ߾֮£ɲԼķΧ֮ڡ
Ѧ΢˫һº˦뿪
Ĺ͢磬ѦгƲȱϯ޷Ҷ֮󣬻̹Ȼشǰǰװ
ԪҹٶƮ˶ëѩߴ԰֮ڣȴůڡѦ̿𣬰Ӷеůġ
֮ڣѦаڴϣӵŻҶ壬ϸĵظŻһЩ۵ա
𣿡ʵ
Ҷҡҡͷ˫ۣ̰غϢԪգҪǰݸʡˣʱʮ¶뵽Ҷطۡ
ǰĳ֣⣬ҶﻹǾ䣬˵ĵһ죬Լ̹ס
Ѧ㷢˫סر㲻
СһҪȥݣҪúϢͼԽԽԣҶ岻ò˫ۣס˫֡
ΪҪȥˣҰ¶㣬ԲҪʱ֣װЩõĻ䣬㹻һζ¡
£ô˵ֱףҶʱˣֻٴ
ΪݱѦнҹЩײϷŹҶ塭˼۷֮ʱرסƺҪ顭Ҷֻ֫ٺ˻ʹֲ徿Ǽֻܣȴ̶һʰس١
Ѧ뿪˺ҶڸаǱ㵽Ҷ׼ϣ˵ǰ꣬ȴһϢڳˣҲи죬һĴա
˽ҶͼҶ׼ĬƷ壬ԼҲܾûȥˡÿε˹ȿڣ鲻ǰ֪ǲǻϴǼ£ΪԼ³çûڣͷԼ
С׼塭ʵүѾصԭˣΪβ͵һžۣ
Ҷ׼˿ڲ裬Ƶ˵ѦȻأ뿪Σա
ȻΪβֱȢؼң
Ҷ岻⣬˶Ҷ׼ԥЩʲô
޸ܻΣա
ʹܻȻ򵥣ܱĳЩףǵԼ֮ݣǣˣ
Ҷ׼תͷؿк˵ʲô
ҶͷŪ壬û˵ʲôǶǰˣЩ²Ҫʣƾо֪ǣлȢҰѵ㻹ûдţ
Ҷ׼վһƬͥԺҶ㲻һΣ㱳о̫ҳ֮Ƽӳ֣ܻݡһʲôûС
ҶͷĬȻı֮£ǣ
ˣСʱںݵļ䣬һҲ벻𣿼ǰ֮أҶ׼Ȼת䲻طʡ
ļ䣬ǰʲôϵҶɻ󣬡ûУʲôҲǲˡ
Ҷ׼ƺһ
Ҷ岻ؿС׼壬ӦҪʲô𣿡
Сʱļѣ֣֮ǲǵסʲôɡ
ǰƺرҡ
ɷĲңȻʲô̬ȣϡġ
ǡмһֱûߴУסҲǧ
Ҷ׼üһš£
һڸеĺɢǡǰظ˵˼仰岻̫ǵˣһҼǵú˵ˮԶһ㣬ȻʧȥˣҺʱˮֹ
Ҷ׼Ц˵бȺ֢ù㲻ôߣҴȥ
ҶŶ¸ӿֵ߰뷨ȻӦʡ
һ£Ʒ壬Ҷ׼ЩҶȴʮֿģСһ·ǰС
С׼壬벻ɽŵƷ壬ǧ֮⻹һô֪ġ
£ֻˣȥȻܷˡ
С׼壬ȢɣҾͿԾˡȥЩ¶û֪һ޷ȫأңЩ»᲻ᷢһΪһȷĽ׷ڣǵѡȫϵ硣
ʵҶ׼ѶҡܽΣӦùõ£ټߥޣڷ¹ǣЦЦãٹЩʱգҾ͵үף
˵Ŀɵ棿
Ҷ׼ͷ档


52
Ѿ⣬в⣬Ӧÿ԰ǰ뿪֮һȫ֮ʹҵزͣӼǨкѣ
ҶĻҲ䵣δϧ£׵飬ôһֱţǼأԼǿЦ
֮˾ƷӹȣҶ׼ԥҶѾǰȥ顣
ȴӦţҶɻԺȻڵģƿ˽ȥ
ˣ㿴һ԰ߣöû˾סˡ
Ҷ׼Ŵԣæǰ鿴ȻͥԺеˮѾɺԣ̨Ѿϳʮ¶˾סˡ
ҶżؿҶ׼С׼壬˭֪Ѧ֪֪
ܡ
Ҷ׼Щң߽éݣֻڳɣɾ࣬ûĺۼ԰ģʱһš
æ򿪣ּӳȻһǱţѾ뿪
ǾҲǺݣ뵺ֻ˵ȥĵطȴûҪȥĵطǾ䡰أʱҶ׼ʧأеżݺݵšš
ȻǶ
Ҷ׼ɫ࣬ȭ˫ַײ
ҶڳǷ飬ϸһ飬ЩطȥǻһŮӻȥ
ˣһڸ߾ǼϣȻԼƤߣ
Ҷ׼뿪ƷҾŲ飬ɽͱ˽סǿ򶨣Ҷ˻ɸȻݸԼ
ڳǽıԷҶ׼ʱʵιųĽ𣬹һвʳĵؿŹڵصҶ׼Ҷڹȥһ̫÷ˮ
бºүĸ»˳
˳˳ɲˣ̫ж˳ۣȻת
̫ǻµȣϤҪΤ֣֮ΤϽҲñ¶̫ԣΤ˲ɡѾү˼ȰѦнǨϵоϵڶʹδˣӪչ
Ŷԣ游˵¡˵ʽȴûгΪչĺܣʣ׬ЩǮȥˣ
һֱںͶ̩;Ҫʳ̩ҵ̩ʵڲףЩ꼸ʣʲôǮң˹׻ѦеģеľӪʵʽ򣬳޷ȫƿء
ÿɷѦбϾǺѦҵˣҲпԭپ⣬תµˮ½תʹѡ
¹ٶˮ½תʹⶥɴڿʼ²ôˡ
˻⣿
ӯˮ磬Ȼ֮ƽ׼ãڿԶʱھ£ʲƣԶȴ˺ƸĻۣڳ͢ȨΪȻתʹλã
Ҷ׼ķ˵ͷ
ˣڱǰټү˺ү
Σְϲ֮֡
Ȼ
Ҷ׼̬Դ֮ˣ˶ǣҡ
ΪʵҶ׼뵺Ųʣ֪ӺӪȣҶ׼ģس˹ϵѻص
Ҷ׼лһ·ӱ޵ۡѰ֮¡
һʮգټǴһҶ׼ʧȥģʧǰ㣬ס˰ѱ
ʧǰ֮£Ƿھϡ壬ڽĳʵﹱ˰תϣ۸ߴۣԻȡ󡣴ҵϵ뾸ϵʳҶͲƥЩʵʵϳߣ۸ֱۣ֮ڸۿڳڣʹɱߣҲ׬ȡ
˰Ʒʵӵģ·̽Զķ֮أΪɱߣֵͣһѷĵ֮á
λڹϵԶϡĵݣƷµʳҶԼƥļ۵ء
۾ӵأǴҵϽأ˵صȻҵżгͻҵάѺðƳɹƴʷְɴҵʵ۴ͷ⣬Ϯҵ񱣻ͳ̳˵ļ̳ȨͲƲȨ
ǣ͢ľԱȴݵһ˼̳Ȩսҵͳ̳˸Զۿߣָ͢ھϵõľеѾᣬΪѾҪʽԴͼıλ
òΧ󣬵ǣ浽͢ϣԼݵģԶۻǼΪӣǴٲ̫ˮ½תʹһȱȫȨϴµ¡
ε̫䣬ȻΤӦʱ֮ӣеΤ䡣
˽ԵΤܳδְȫǵʱ˺͡
ΤҳڹϵţϵڵнӴΪϤ˰Ծ˾Ȼǲڶ˽ĸ취⽻Эǲ˰ڡ
Ҷ׼ѦΪ·ʱ̫µ٣Ȼ޷⣬ΪӪҪĿꡣԶΪƽŭԼ֮ܲͣҶ׼ѦеְȨ³˵ϡ
ԬࡢѦkʱΪùעĽ㡣
Τ伴ԶУɸҶǱ
ѦжԴ˵Եôȣǵûи棬Լõ鷿øˣԼ˾ƫȺ
Τʵһ¡յβõĴԬ࣬ʮǰ尲ǽҶԬ೤Ϊ٣Զٻ̲Լ̫¡½ᵳ֮ʱλسģΤӦʱسʱ˶١Τδ丱֣Űݷã˵ʮǰׯٰԬ˵һЩϸڣΤ죬Ҷ顣
ʱ仹СһЩϸڲ̫ǵáǶΪǾ͸¶ݣ˲ʨӴ󿪿ڣҪۡɾԬ˵һܻСͷĿ֪ƺһ֪ݺг̣ԲܡϧɽկܶսʵݣֻȡĹʣ˲֮
Ҷ󾪣ҴӺݹһ·Ҳε֪ҵݣ֪г̴ӶԬǷǴˣ
ǸСͷĿǱԬ˵ױܣ֮ʱΪ֪޲ԣԬ׶ӦòдֻǺܵģҲȫʸս޷ˡ
Ҷһ˺һ˵Τ磬ҺȻһǿҵĸоǳʧ䣬ҵ
˼ǡ
ҲǸ˵Դӻ֮ұںݵ𣿼ȻǳѣΪ֮ǾȡĿڸһЩںݿ飬ֻǺʧˣоӻ޴ա
ҶжʱԼʧǶμ﾿ʲôɸ֮£ĳЩ˼ɵ


53
Τ뿪ҶЩңΪʮǰŽֻżȻѾ׹ȥˣ䱳ıһֱߣעһһһָ䣬ʱǳûɹĽɱ
Ѧƺһ·ģҶ岻ͽķգǱѹеĵǣֲֻᡣ
Ҷ׼ͣȨΨиڼҡеȨûк󣬸Ѱ䡣֮ʣΤӦʱȻŰݷá
ΤӦʱżɽ²þ̸Τ֪Ļ¡
Ҷ׼֪Τ֪ԼЩ˼ΤӦʱֱ׵ŮѯԼ뷨Ҷ׼Щ㵣ӦԼɱѧǳΤΪίܾ
ΪΤӦʱ߳ŭȴʮֵȻ֪ҶҶλ֪Ѿ䲻ѵҶҪŻһӣ
Ȼ֪֮£ʧٶָƣ
ΤĪ֪٣Ҷ׼ɫ䣬˫ȴΤӦʱ
Ҷ̫˳ᢣʵȾƿأôˣһ֪أ
֮£Τ˽̫ʲô飬׼֪޲ԡ
ǡΤӦʱЦҶĪΪΤĳ˴ǰΪʲôΤĳΪ飬һǮ˰ƿأ̫ǵ飬ڻ£
Ǵ׼ҲûʲôΤ˽ˡ
֪Ļ£Ҷ˺úÿǿǡ˵ţΤӦʱͳһö壬Ҷ׼ǰ
壡
Ҷ׼壬֣Σա
ȡҶ˵̬ȡ
Τݴ׼˼ա
ҶǴˣպΤĳٵŰݷá
Ҷ׼ΤӦʱ븮˼ߣɴʱѦжȨʧ˼ǰ󶼺ͷ
ҹߴ԰Ҷ׼ѦкҶΧ¯ҹ
ΣȻȢ֪֪꣬궼ƽ
Ѧ֪ΪԼ檱ίĬĬս֣
ĿǰұһΤӦʱҸΡ
ҾΤӦʱǻ°ҪЮˣʼնûгϡңǲ˵ӦԸ뿪𡣶һױţΤӦʱвȣȻһЩ˿
ѦҶ׼һתҶ˵壬ԼΤ֪Ҫ̽̽Ŀڷ硣
ҶͷӦʡ
Ҷ׼뿪֮ʱǡǰߴ԰Ҷ׼ϾˣҴ뿪
ҹ֪ߴ԰Ϊ£ѦսҶ֣Ȼʵ
ӦѴ˵
ѦжӦö壬΢΢ð
Ҷ忴һۣѾ߰˷֡
Щϵ塭ʤ¶Ͼˣʱδ֡ʱ֣صز˻ǰ溬ߣ˫Ѻ쵽Ӹ
ѹǰݻ̬º˲٣ԭ
Ҷ꣬Ѧе֣λú̸ɣȸˡ
ߴ԰ķŻϣѦеĶʱѡ
ǰѦе֣˵ҹ캮س԰˵ɡ˾ƣʱϲĳůůӡ
ǰЦͷѦȴ˫Į޲һ̱˦֣ȥ
ϵЦݶʱסǰɫ̵ؿ¶ȵıӰҧ´
Ҷ׼Τ֪ڳ˻԰ż棬Ȼ֪࣬ȴͷһҪϢȷʵ档
ĸ׵Ԫ۲ĸһڵ̸֮ʣĴ棬ǧΤӦʱؾ֮ʱԪۺ֢ҩȣֳ⣬ʱӡ󣬿ʼݣʶҶ׼󣬲ĦӡԽ̣ϲϡ
ҲׯΤ֪꣬ʱΤᵽҶ׼ӡ̡
ʱ˶ЩԾ뾹ǧ
ʱ⣬Τ֪꣬ΪʹȻΤ֪꽻̸һȷϲҶ׼ԼĽΤ֪꣬չҶ׼תߡ
С㣬㡭Ҫȥģ
ҡҡͷ֪ܹ鲻ô׼ҵˡһѣⱾ˽ټҶ׼һԸ뷨
֮ʧˣΤ֪ȷʵ֪ȥδ
ҶˡΤ֪Ҷ׼ĬЩΣżȻ׿Ҫ˵Ҫԭġ˼ҹң˵ЩģɵĻƭ֣ĲǣҴǣҶ˲Ҫ
˵Τ֪꾴һͷ¡
ټ˻ʹŮӣ˵ɴ䣬ҲŤҶ׼΢΢סһŷӦٱһлΤС㣬߶ˡ
Ҷ˼ȻѾ˻԰ż䣬Զٷ߰ɡ֪ȻˣҲ֪԰ĺ˳һҶѡ˴ӦҲǻݷζˣһԶٱ㷹˵нٺ΢ٷǮǳİɣ
Τ֪ȻЦҶ׼ЩҲЦȻܲ˷˺ò׶ż䡣˵ִ꣬ˡ
ҶˣȻҸ׶˸֣ǻˡȻ֪ǷС㣬ʹҲΪСԪ۾ȸһΤж֪ͼıҶ˷ġ
Ҷ׼ͷ˹˿ʼһεں󣬺ܿ˸ĤټΤ֪ԻԽԽͶһٷǢ
Ҷ׼Τ֪ͻظؼңȴڸſڼеҶ壡һæ˹ȥǰʵ壬ǡôȣⴺ͵ģһ˿ô죡
Ĵһ£أôһ˹
ҶȻһ
Ҷ׼񣬡ôˡԣҷôˡ
ԳүãͿͿҵģǵĹ뷿֮˵˳˿ɲѹ𡭡
Ҷ׼ȻšüŭѦǻͷ𣡡
С׼塭ҲǸҴˣ߰ɣˡ
ҪҸСסһΣҺúýѵѵѦУ
ȥƷӹȰɡ㲻ڣҲˡȥסҲӵߡٻ
ɵϣȥסȥ£˵ʲôȥġοҶ֪᲻Եһᣬȥ͸
Ҷ׼ųţѦбϣǰͣ
Ҷ׼һǰȥѦвͱҶ׼ס½󣬡ѦУҰ㵱֮ôԴģ
忤ȦףʤһҡұԵ**Ϊ壡
Ҷ׼ס΢΢ɿ忤ˣ˽⣬ʹթȷʵԷ
ΣһҶ׼Ҷ壬ѹսǰȥ˵һˣ岻Ҫѹ


54
Ѧ죬ȴû˵˺һҶ׼Ѧе£ֲܣҶ׼ҷſѦкݺݵ˦Ҷ׼ԾԽ˳ȥҶ嵥ദ
ȻѦн͹мһ£Ҷܹи񣬲ԸȻŶ룬Ҷ߷ѵ뿪ȴѦһѰס
ȥģѦбҶ˫ۡ
Ҫܣ
뿪ʵ̫ʹˣҲһΣ
ҶЩסʹ˫ꡭȷʵ˷˵ĥ뵽΢΢ˡ
Ѧиðݵ˵Բ𡭡ҴˡҪ뿪Һұ֤´Ρ
ޣô֤Ҷɫͷ
Ѧнһѱס壬ٸһʱ䣬ܿǾͿˣң
ֻܱˬϢҶԼֿʼ̰ĻˣһԼãʹôʹ¾Ҫ뿪ֻҪһԼʧȥƿ
ѦĶͷ壬ҴˣĴˡ
Ҷ建ۣվǷֻס
ѦһϲȻסĴΥ˵񡭡
Ȼ滹Ҷ׼ԣҶһ֮ǰæƿȥƷסһʱ䡭
ʵڲڼǰƫƫǰӦϲߴ԰߶ʤ䷳
ѦڻˣӦòǺ𣬱˵ҲͣȨúŶȥˣһƷɡ
ӻڼҡ
Ҷ˫ٴαϣ˵ĻϤ
Ѧд˳ϳͻسԼ˳λתͷҶ׼˵Ҷ֣л󸮵ˣԺ˫˵һ˦δ۶ȥ
Ҷ׼Ӧʱٵֻʣһ󳾰ˣֻѦеظ
ϵݲѾĹᲢһѲİΤһϵѸץ˵˾ļ٣ʣ̶̰±㳶һ׮Ѱ
Ҷ׼ѦжԾƽ׼һδµĸĸ󣬾˾ȨǰͣкӵĹȨڵص͹ٱһططݡʧȥԼľ˾ʼΪΪռõطʣȡʵﹱ˰˽תб˽ңѾĽףֻǱɽһǡ
һ͢ȻԶگҶ׼Ѧлسٳ
֧־ƽ׼뷴Ծƽ׼γˮݵɣڳ۲ݡ
ܷдʣҶ׼粻ʵоƽ׼벻ĹҪγʵ֮ʱȴû׳ߡ
˾ƽ׼Ψһյİ취Ǽ˰Ӹ˰񸺵ҵ˰һֱڽ֮ÿʮ˰һһֱʮ˰һֻжԲƷĹ˰άÿʮ˰һĺƽս£޶ңû˰ĵ
ҵⲻ֧Ѿһ£Զ۴ϵ̳еģһտҲĹ⡣͢õĻûж٣Ļȴվ
ҵľӣѾ򣬽֮ʮݾÿ֧ޣս»ãһս£ѸǳɱӡϵԽԽӴǶʹͷ߹ٺ͹Ȩᡣ⻹й¡ˮӪԼ**õȣѲߣҵ˰벻
һҶ׼Ѧ֮ƽ׼һɣԶջ̫ӴȨӵĹϽȨŵĳٽڶʹУڶʹ踱ְתʹн̫ȫľƽ׼񣬰תȡ⣬̫µˮ½תʹһְȡֱ̫ܾƽ׼ҵֱӶԻ𣬼̫ܿԾƽ׼ֱӰ
Ҷ׼ܲϣ̫䣬ŴƷϵڶʹΤӦʱؾȱĹϵڶʹһְҲԲ룬ʱ뵺گؾһĹѦжմ˵㿤үݵĹ⣬λɣȫȨתʹùһ£
Զ۴˾٣һǴѹ̫ȨƽϢŭҶ׼ڳӰȨ䣬ȨᵳӪ˽
ˣ͢¾عƽ
ΤԶ۵ܱУм˿ָݻ˵ı߻ߣĿҶ׼Զƺ¶ˣ㽫˰£¾ʹ˽ΪƽԶ۽̫һְλ֣֮ξϵڶʹ־־Ҷ׼УպÿԴһ̫µ
ʼϲǣʷѦʵ԰ߪΪξϵڶʹһֱѦĵҲΪƷԱԼƽƽýǹ淶ΪѦǲ졣
˽ѦʵӰھԽ׳󣬳Խҵָ̩̩տɴ
Ҷ׼ţΤӦʱΤ֪ɻһֻ֮ܲҶ׼ԣøΤӦʱȻȥڣȲ˵Ҳ˵û»һСҶ׼뾩֮ǰԶگ빬Ժ˾֪
Ҷ׼뾩󣬻̫¶һС𶯡Ҷ׼̫ڼһˣȫǣŻְֱӰչ١־էûӦ̫µĹؼȱͱϵΤӦʱ˿ա
˶Ҷ׼һŬˮͽһգӪ̫£Ϥ͸ΤӦʱ־ֻϺꡣ
Զݲ߻һе忤벻һݵĲңȻĿľӪһСѦѾΤӦʱ־ܿգüֵؽԽԽ٣忤ӿʼʹǰѦк룬ڴҵ׹֮ĺ䲻Ҳϡ£ǰûҪѦľϣֻǰȴԸ⡣
ҶԴסƷһֱδظǰǿģʼϲǣѦҲزٹңɸʮַơ
ʱٴ˽ⴺεȺԽԽ࣬ǰڸģӦԼʹӣ͸͸
˳ǽݳݺɡȪˮǰԴ뿪ݣҲûȻľԴЩֻѦ֮Ĳʱˣһ·Сܣ׷ޱߵĴ֪䣬ӸһȺ˾ֻʣӦˡ
ǰСǹߴԵ󣬺һ̴ʧҲ£øڣҲ⣬ٵĵطȥأΧһӰҲˡ
ӦȴЩˣǰ漸Ȱ˵ߣǰȴš
ʵǰԸ۷ƺ·ˣҹȴҲʱ·ۼʱҹĻ٣ǰһɲ
ˣǰͱڣ
һþʹһ
һİɤǰжʱӦǵûͣӿŲǰߡ
ƺˣݡһˣҪǰˣǱ£


55
ӵѰ̼ӱԽˣǰס˶˵ĽŲȰ˵ˣ
δ˵꣬ǰȴˣ㣿
ӵһǰ̧ͷȥȴǰǱãӭһϤУȴ벻𾿾˭ֱӦԱ߶˼䣬ŻȻ򣬡ԭ㡭
ǡˣΪļŮ벻ҪѰ̼ͻˣ뿤ˡ벻뿤ԵĽҰҲʱ˵ؾɫҲȥɡ
֪ǷɵĻ״̼һ˵ģӺȻɷ˵㽫ǰ
ǰһ󵨣
΢һǰߣģŮб»֪ģο㻹Ůб𡭡
ӦһĶ𾪵úϲ£죬߳ʮಽŻعæǰȥ
·ô˵ؾɫãȴ֪ǿˣ̤;
ǰǷΪЩգǸµĳˣҲ˵ĳˣֻãã
ǡӲм磬ֻЦһ
ߵ֮ʱѽʱǰ벻ԼѾôԶ
ѾŽգ˸óƽȴǰס
ˣʵѵؼң
֪¿취سǣسǵĽʿ֪ݣİŮӳҹϢ᲻ֶߣҵҲᱻ֡ҹйŮ롭
ԭĵ
ߡ᲻ˣο㲻ȥүһ֪ʱ˵ˣ̬Ǹأ
ǡŲҵ֮û취ݻسǣڳٵĿջϢһһٸԻسǡ
ֲΨת۷ǿҪͶһᣬĿջڳǽĳͤߣʮ·ء
ް
ȻִˣҲû취ֻǣһֱߵ˳ǽͤߣһֻмéļªջͣ¡˵ؿȥֻЪ֮ƺס
λ͹٣룡
Сп˵һ·Сܹһ߰ǰȥһǣƥȥιϡ
ǰſţб㴫һߴرͷȥ
ӿһۣӻӷڹ̨ϣƹģϷһż䣬ϵʳ
ϡ
ƹĸ˵úϲ£죬æСȥţԼ¥ż䡣
Ӹǰ˱ƣԴСƣϵĳص̴뾩ģҪҪԡŶŶԣݣȻûǷˡǾ뿤Ʒһ¼ζ
ǰƣ˵岻ͬȵľǳ
ţѾٱһ
ȥֻͣڰԼȸˡ΢㶣ֻһСڡ
֪ѵʱĩӦһ죬Ѿ಻ס˯⣬һԴ˯һһװĳҲѾ˵ףǰ˫ͨ죬룬ȴСϾơ
ӰסƵ֣˼
ǰֲ˵˵ҼҵλˣкͨѦߵء
ⷬԴʹӣֻüֱӾƺ˺üڣ˵Ѽ˸²ۡ
ǰһҲǵ֮ͽϧˣǱãʷǷųŮӶ𡭡
⻰ƺ̼ˣۣپƺΣһ
ףʧء
˽뷿֮󣬿ʼӵĶУһǰЩңѾֲǰ˾˯ֻ̰еĸоʼԼ˼ԷӦ
ѻһޣڶʱ˷ѾûǰӰ·ҹֻǴһ
Ϊ۵ʣЩڲǻ֣ȴַ̰ͲᣬԶĸоΣҲ㲻ˡ
ٴʱڣƷӹǷƽˮݷïϷɹ𽥻ع飬һƬ泪
ѦתʹúͿ¼һæ˴£ֻĻƷ塣Ʒʱ䣬Ҷ廹ǻƲסغ˼룬Ͼǰǰơ
Ҷ˶յԽԽʢúǿԼѦǰ֮£ߵԺ׼Щ׼ι
ԿԺеҶЩЦ⣬дϲˣŵ㣬
һ˵һѾԺ߸ԣ׼
Ҷ忴԰˵ԣ˵С׼嵽ϵݳ𣬾˵ϵĳʪأ֪ûд·
ûȥݣҲҶȥٵģӦһȺźţӦöģ˷ġ
ҶԹϵЩ£ϾԼĸĸڳ֮ʱѵģƺҶ֮˰ֲϣ֪С׼᲻᲻˳
ţһ󺮷紵˫ۣ硣
ϺȻһ磬عͷȥȴѦУЩסˣԴˡ
æîʱҲû˯⣬ֱɽˡ
Ѧдӱס˵ôô磬Ժд磬ԽԽˣظ֮ҪúýѵһС
ǵģҶæס֣ǽղ˵㣬Ժιιѡ
ѦһĶ𣬡Ȼˣ˯ɡ
ǰ֮ҶһֱȣҲ̲סˡ
С𡭡
ԴȵϢҶ˵ĸо̰Щ
塭ԡ
Ѧûֹͣѹס˫֣Ĵ
ڿǰ찡Ҷ廹δڰ£ǹأǿʼǣҲڲŤ
벻ĿˡܻӭѦԽƲס
û׼õҶپʣüͷ
Ѧгһ
Ҷ˺һ״̬ס֪˶ãֻԼȫڲ뵽ǹ컯գӣֻܱ۲ȥ
΢΢ϢѦȴƺδҶ֮ʣѧϵү˵ϴּگϽʥ
ѧðűõţ˵仰æٳ
Ѧ֮ʣҶæƿתԼؽ˱
ѦйһЦһ£¶


56
鷿
ڵذϵѦмԼĶ䣬סԶ۽û
̳ǰỽ˼ѦˡŻعæͷлҡҡλεվ
Զϣɫ࣬һϢǹ˰ӼͻصģԱҹѾ﹬ţǲҾʥݣ˵ȵԶ糿Զۿ˰Ӽ౨ҲΪ𶯣ǼگѦС
ѦǧصĽŲ뿪͢θҶϢ
Ƿ˰౨˵ǣεҶ׼彭ʱգѶ
Ҷ׼ûκεĽףѦΨһֿҲֶŮԶ٣ЭϵطٿչѾ
صƷʱĩժˣҶһߡ̫ѾбһĨҫҶ񾲵ϣһĨΣӳĳŶׯһ档Ѧ߽ʵʲô
ҶһеôӲشָʮָģ̲סһסʳָ
ѦüָץסŵԼ˱һ£Ȼסô˲Сģ߻ͲãҪʲôֱӸ˵ͺˣ
үͲ֪ˡǸҶأǽղŵԪƽ˵Ҫ˴ЧģԲҴ
Ѧеʱ⡱һ£ϵȥ
ҿҲòˣҴȥذɣýձңҪһˡ
Ҷ岻ؿúõôȻҪأв𣿡
Ǿҵʮȥпܣֻǡɹϵе㼱¶ѡ
С׼Ҳ˵ļ£
šҶ֣û˾ٵͷΣð¡¾ûǲȥһ㣬ϾǴ͢
ҶȻƵĵͷǼʱ
һ硣
ŶҡƷɡǸûѦеĻɸӲء
ҲãҽѧԡҶܾѦȴûᣬҲߣѧһᰲһ㡣ģ͢˼˸ңΣյġ
ҶŵͷȴԼһɲУûʲôǲȥ
ѦԽŵؿҶ壬Ҷֺ˵ʲô
΢΢ͷöҵ˵ûСҲµ߰˷֡С׼壬ضǷܴһ飬ȻҲἸˡ
ѦͷһԭΣ֪ӵ赭д˵Ƿһ飬Ժл˵òˡֻԼֽŲɾּǳݵĻ£˶ѣֲǡ
ԭݵ飬Ĳ򵥣ҶЩģУֻ°°ɣ
ȻǱµĳӣȻֻܰ°¡
Ѧɿؼ˿ڣȷѾѪ˲ŷ¡
һҶʵ̫ˣ²ñ˯ȥѦа˯գĶͷȻ£߳š
ѧѾʰãƥҲ׼׵éſڵȺ
Ѧתͷٴζѧϣѧϣչ֮£мȲҪ֪壬ҲֹɽȻϢѱ©سһʲôͲˡ
үģѧס
ѦٿһéᣬȻͷ۶ȥ
֮ڵ졣Ѧֻʮҹ̣ҲҪʮŵ
ֻ֮ļܲʱ˼֡Ҷ׼ˮԲѣһû˱ݺϿˮʱҶ׼ѾķΣ˷ˮʹٴһ忤ܽ𣬿ķҲѾˡ
Ѧ彭ϣãã棬ӿһУʱ׷ɱƵֻԱʱе߲ݣ˫۲֪Ϊ߻ǰҹѾѪ˿ͨһƬԲͣЪ
Ҷ׼ԣҶ壬빲빲ĺֵܣҶ׼壬ȺѪԵϵѦȡѦk֮˲֪ٱ׵ĸĸͽᲢۣ˸޿ɱ⡣
Ѧˮԣϴƶ棬޾꣬ҹ
ʮ󣬰׳̱ڵˣģȻȰסǴѾȡ
ʱԺЩ뵺ƬΡѦkˣ޵Դ뵺ǾͰˣƫƫȼ˶־˾Ӫ÷ˮɱ֮
ӶϤȣζΧɱһʵأֻװͶҶ׼Ͼ뵺ȫĵطݴʷۡˡݰ¶Ҷ׼ĸۡĪʧҹӣݴݱܷͷ
˲ģ׷ɱҲһΣѦг֪˲׷ɱˣֵѦȣΪЩںΧĺʹװҲһϳԶ̩͡
ͷҶ׼ˮ֮ǰҶ׼һ仰ǣ㡱
һҶ׼ˮԲѣһϢͷĺһ
²ϵѦеԺ֣︡˷Ƶ彭˭סľٶֹģԶ۵һʥּ
ʥּ£ֻܷگؾ֮ģг͢һگ飬Ҷ׼ѶѸ¡
ҶѦȷϢغһεڵء
Զ׷Ҷ׼ΪƷ飬عꡣԶϥ»Ҷѡһ˹ΪãΪТ룬˲Ǻҳ֮١ҶһҶ׼ԶһδıԶ֮ѡС׺Ҷ塣Ҷһ̣ҲĿԶگҶֶŮݹΪá
ĺʱڣӢͷףҶΪҶ׼ĺˣλ롣ƷԱ꣬Ƿͬһ㣬䶯˰˳ǡԶۻ٣Ϊ죬νధ١
Ҷ̳еӴٶһҳ֮ݡųصĲľżеļǺ˹Ȳ֧ѦеĻ
Ҷ˯ҹĵһ仰ǡС׼塭Լ־ϲӯæܳȥ֪ͨѦС
Ѧдһ·űӵס
ǻɸԪպĵһٷѦص׼˳˿ζĳʳϣҶܳԵ㡣ӳﱸҶ׼ڳأʱ䣬ѾһȦ۶ˡ
֮ϣѻȸеײ
һǿҵĸŻ˵עǰæ꣬ϯȥ
Ҷ徭Ҷ׼֮ӿֻðñǴң˶ǰĵѾ߰˷ֻ֣뻥ţȴ
ʱؿϯǰŤͷѦ˵ɡ
Ѧп׵촽֪ҲһڴӦΪǰΡ


57
ǰıҶһ̤볩԰Ѧн֣һȺϢ
һ󡰸O@֮С鲽ϵѦǰ϶Цݣ밲ϲѦˣϲ
ҶֻԴ䡱һʱһƬհףȴʶϲ
ѦҶ֣Ȼ䣬żеʵϸˣϲ
Ϸҽʮ꣬еԣϲ
˵жˣѦУȴʮϲɫ£ԣЩӵؿһۣæزӣ߶µˣУҡ
ңӦݵǶʱ䡭ҶԨ䣬ȴǿԳססѦе֣УйܼҺúóлɡ㶼Ҫˣôë꣬Ѵŵá
ܼһԵæѴȻʾһȺֵ£һ뿪
ѦпҶ壬ͣȴǾһĨЦ⣬Σ޹ġ˵С׼Ͷ̥Ǽˣ˵ء
塭ѦиоԽԽû¶ȣ侲ʱҲˣ鼱֮Ҳ͵Ĵֻܼе˵壬Ӳң
ӦѾǰ˳ѦУ˵ʲô
ѦϾ˼ǰ˫ֱסҶļ򣬡ңĲҵģ
ѦУľ֮𣿣á㲻Ǿְʡ
ǰɫ£Ӧŵط̥
ѦĮؿһۣǣҶ뿪԰
ߴ԰УѦнӵҶ壬ЩůҶ廹ǻ䣬
塭㲻Ҫҡ
Ѧз˵źӲģҶƺ⣬һ㲨ҲûС䣬׻񣬡壬ҽдһºòãҵǰʱ̫ۣӡ
ҶȻתḧգޱ侲УҪţܹ޹ģȻˣǰҪҪһúôġ
ѦгżˣסԼϵ֣壬Ĳҵġʵ˵˰ɣºıҩ̶Уֻǲ֪˶ѡ£зݵʱΪ»ˣҪĶ
Ҷ˫ۣ⣬ϾĶйӦô
ȻǲֶģҲҪѧУҪְڡѦ֮˵ӦܶģӦ䱸ƷҲһӦȫԡ֮ĵڶ죬һѹѧҩĲˮ
Ҷ廹Ǿţ˰ŻعǡһҩʧЧءǰǻ׹УȻᡭֻƵ¡
ӳǽ⼸˵ڣɿҶ׼ҲôȻҶ׼ûʸָˡ
ѦһᣬƺڿҪҪ˵ĸϸ뵽󣬻̹ˣҩѦһֱϣδ֪ҩʧЧĿԣΪ㡣
Ҷٴ𾪣Ȼ
Ѧ̾˿תȥұģҲ˵Ȼֻ˼롣ѦһֱȾĲԽԽأռ֮ǰĺȾǱ㰵жñҩУǾͿ֤ȷʵӲ졣
ѦЩʲô
ҶûϾԼӵɷѹܲѦ߹Ǻְյ
ˣʱô֮ҩʧǣӶ
˵ˣҶס䣬Щ㶼֪ģ
߾ҳʱõȶ̩͵Ĵӣʱұڶ̩͸ѦȵЩ£ѧԴѦȵѧǫ̽õм١֮һֱ˵Ϊû˵ıҪһҶ׼֪**»ɱѦȡڡҪˡ
˲飬ҶּŻйɼҲʲôˣ
ѦæסҲãûһΣͲôѹ
Ҫô죿ܹ޹ġ
ģҲôġʵҺʹ׼Ƿһڴ׼ѾˡҾͺúøǰĺӣȨ顣
ҶԴѾ벻κ飬ֻѡѦУá
оҶ侲Ѧ԰ģŵϣȻͷ˯ɡ
Ҷʵ̫ۣ˵ͷͻ˯˹ȥ
֪ǰеϢף̫Ǹˣʹ˺ܶණһ˵ɸѦһæŹһ߻Ҫʱǰл
ƫǰֲãһһͷΣѦߴ԰һ㣬ͲӦǣѦвʤ䷳
ʱܹ黹ŵġ
˵ĵ̿ʼų˷չߵĺǶ̩͵ĸأȻÿУѦб㲼ߵĹϵšĳģҲ˵ѰŮ䣬ǱɶԴݽϣϵݳפ
͵ʱڹȥҵӭůġ
߾ͻҵ¶˲ϣңȻǣƽ׼רȨ֮ʧҶ׼ţԶǲãǱתãڹȺͬ֡
ԶѦвþ֣֮轫ҶҲһͬ硣ҶҶ׼ĺˣһҲʾҳƵ
ǰ࣬ȶĸӾѦбͬһǰģҶûоֹۣеĺӣѦи˳ȥǰͬˡ
Ҷһ˳˳̫丮ʱв⾾ѦеԵȱЩνԼ⣬ֱӴٳɵʵҶ׼Ҷ׼볯־ƽ׼ĵһָĸѦҪֵôϢʱʹѦ顭뾩Զ޺ݣͷϧĳ滹ĿҶ׼ȴ彭
ҶҵĿôҶ屾Ź֮˵Ҷ׼ºʱ㱣ܾҶҲꡣ
֮䣬߹ȸ֣ǽ˶ڴͣڡ
ѦкܿҶǰϸĵر
ǰǵľٶʮֲζ
kѦˡ
ѭȥԭѦѦkӡ
ѦҲҶ幪񣬱Ӧ׽ļˣȴİ˻İ
Ѧk۹ͣҶϣ΢ü˵壬ɫˣкβʣҵ尲ϹҽӰɡСʱĻҪĴԸء


58
뵽Сʱ֮£ҶЩѪɫѦk֮ǰĲҲ˼֣ǳһĨ΢ЦصͼүүҲʲô⣬ֻ̫࣬Щ۰ˡkſġ
û¾ͺãкβʣʱǲҡˡѦˣ䣬㵱治֪ҶѻҲ˰ɡ
ѦסҶԼϿ˿赭д˵ҵ治֪䣬֪֪ǡ
Ѧתȥ֮ʣѦk䵽ת뿪ǰϣһƬӽЩǣ⡣
ǰͷ˵ٿȻ㣬Ѹٱ𿪣ѵˮ޺ۼ
Ѧӵ֮ǰҶ֮ҶλޣȻͬ죬ټ䱾Զصſǰ;Ʒﲻ־ƺЩ⣬žǰҶ嵽ڵĺϯݼף̫̫ˡ
һףλҲڵҶƾ裬΢Ц⡣񴻹ǿĲãһƻ֮Ȼϯһߣϸѯľ
ѦȴΪ⣬һֱǰף̫лҳ˵һĺûģף̫ÿЦ
һѦ˳Żǰڹף̫Сסգһú˼ңҲһЩΪĸҪעϸڡѦҺûһĵĸһЩӵϸû㣬ܹ鲻㡣
ǰҪܾף̫ȴͷǣһǲ˻ȥʰͷǰоֵǸˡ
ѦйһЦˣǣҶ뿪ڵ
ҶΪѦлصλϣȴǣһ·ǰУ߽Զ뿪֮ʮԶһƧ֮
Ҷ廹ڻ֮УѦеǱǵذ
ЩӦӲϾΨнסļ򣬺Լи֧ŵ㡣
Ѧн§סؽԼһԼ̴ڷ
˲֪ãҶÿ촭ˣʳŽſҵض΢΢Ŵ
壬̫ˡ
Ҷϣ𣿡
õòŸѹ
Ҷ˫նʱһƬ糺죬ڼЩɫŽѽҪչ˺ǰźãЩеûġ
ҵʱ;ȥչ˱˵ĺˣǼʱԼĺӣ
ҶСˣɴֱšҺôʱڿҪ
ûЩģҪ⡣
ҵŬ֮ܿ⣬ǡؼȥɣǰʮ¶Ųˡ
ԭװǰȥף̫밲ƣ˼
һ磬ѦԸߴ԰˿߻ڳ˯Ҷ壬˸
ڵЩˣѦϣܺúõ˯һŵ˴ѵԺϴٷԸԽгС㣬͵ߴ԰Ҷһжɳԡ
ȥ߳Ժţӭѧװ˸ˤҺѧֿ죬ס
ײ۵ĶͷԹѧʯͷôôôӲ
Բ𡢶Բ𡭡ҪҪү
ôһ˵ԲŷŹǷС
ѧϳԹлȻһ·СܵԺУѦͤкȲ裬æүүݷؼƺС٣
Ѧһæӹŷ⣬ϸ
żѦ΢΢üԴҲ̫ȷϢǲ̽ķǶԵġд֢֮׷ҩƻʳƣ֮ﶼذѡ֥ԼЩ֮ȻڴвŻС뺣ҳһ̽ڣ˸ۿԼۿĳǳأ
үӢµСھ粼֡
ҲѲ£ԾΪģǶ̩͵ĵ̣ȥǱ뻢ڣֻһ·ǹϵҡΤӦʱ֮Դ˸һ֪ʧйأϵҪһˣûбȹϵӦֵĵطԴѾ̽ŮӾҽҩô˵ҩģȥһݣԴһ֮
ǣѧȥ
£ѧݷɸ봫飬ȴжϵϢԴֵҩõȺ˶գȴѧϻһϢҩƹ˵ŮӲҪ뺣ҪҰɽΡɽѩԼ¹ףЩεҩģ
Ѧֶֽڲ
Ҷɫ̣ͷ϶߳˺úʵôˣͷ󺹵ġ
Ѧһץס֣ϵļⶼ鴤ˣ֪Ǿϲ
壬ЩԼЩҪһۣҸ˵Һʹ׼֮Ƿ飬ΪĹٴ忤˰Ǿ
԰ǰһ飬忤Ҫ㱨ŵȢΪޡ֪͹ܶˡ
ڲ˵˵׼ˮԲѣķ֮ǴˮǺ벻ٺˮķһֱҩԶϸ
Ҷ屻˵Ϳˣһ⣬Ҳ˵ء
ѦæذѧϵĴݸ˵ʵһֱѰټǴ׼ºδɵԸһҪɣԸҵ첻ˣЩüĿˡѧϴݴţᵽλŮݸҩãͬʱѰƴ֢εҩ
ⲻС׼֢״Ǻ𣿣ǡʹС׼ûҲһ𰡡ôһ𡭡뿪ˣΪҪ뿪С׼尡
һЩǲ֪Եɡ˳Ψһп֪ģֻΤӦʱʧٲãΤӦʱ֮ҪЮ׼һӲ׼̣֮Ȼ֪һЩ飬Ҳ˵ʧ޹Ӧü
ȥݷΤˣܻ֪һ
ΤӦʱн飿
һѾس֮ʱͼͨС׼壬Űݷãʱ̸ǢӦûӡ󡣡
治ΪΤ䡭ѦԲá
ȻǣһֱǾˣҶЩСǺ졣
Ѧǰס˵壬Ψһ㣬뿪ңֻԴˡ
Ҷ׼ĽѣҶһֻ֮ʮֺ֮ˡѦô˵ʱеһﲻ
һ磬Ҷ㵽鸮ݷΤӦʱҶͿ֮󣬻Ҷ׼ܹ֮鶼ΤӦʱѲ˸ϵ
֪ѦúᣬкҪ£
ΤˣӦڳɻ֮һʱϰݷãϵڣĲǡ


59
벻Ҷоֹŵ塢󷽣޽̬֮ΤӦʱֶ˼ϲϧˣ¼޵ĲȮӣΤҵʧ
ףúõ£ֳڼңػ᲻ˡ
ҶһͷȥȻΤ֪ꡣֻݣʩ죬ӦΪҶ׼֮ˣҶվǣס֡
Ҷ㣬Ҳµ߰˷֣ǵͥԺ˵
Τ֪תҪȥΤӦʱֻúȵ֪֮꣬У֮£вҪ
Τ֪˶٣ͷҲص뿪á
ʵ뿪֮ʱȷʵҼһ棬ЩҲ̹ϵظ߹Ҷˣֻ벻Ҷ˾˶ˡ
֪꣬С׼˵֪뿪֮ǰǷ񻹼Τˣ
Τ֪һĬԥ˵Ҷ֪£ҲҶ˳ºŻ֪ġ׾˷ǣûҵıҪŸҵġ
Ҷһ˫ȴһ˿⣬ǹ𣿡
Τ֪ͷƷ壬ɽŵȺĸ׵ĸסȸһ׼ǰʺȴϡ٣ݣб֪ѰѾ߶ž飬Ȼ¹Ҹ׾Сһ
⡭ΪΣ
ԭңѾͷžȰʮɽžȻżҸףͶ·ֻ֮ҸװæȰȰС㡣ŶžȻ׷ȥ˼֮±һеİ취ҵһ˾޿ֵܷԴӣ׶㿪գɷ֮
Ӧˣ
Τ֪ͷҪЮҶҳɻһ£ҲģΪֻҪҶˣܿ˾ٰüɪȻǡɵôء
ԡǸ֮أǡ
ϵ彭ߣһС塣ĴԲΪȡ赽⣬뿪סأҲãһȻԴ
ϵ彭ߡ
ҶϲҲ֮ۿæȥˮһ¼ֵ顣
Τ֪겻֪±й£ΪΪõϢ˶ݣδҶ㣬ǸطСʱ游ùΣҪҿԴȥϾҶޱ塭ֻ֪Ҷ˲ѵϢܲס
Ҷ嵣Ҷ׼Ϣһй¶æֹֻϢѣϾС׼ԸȻ֪ûΣգ֪㡣˵֮С׼ѵϢסʱ֪Ҫأԣ粻ĺá֮лл㣡
뵽Ҷ׼ı磬Τ֪Ҳ̲ס۷ỨҶֻ𣬡ҶģҲȥ߶ǣκҪܸ˵ұȻȫ
Τ֪ǡ缰ʱ֪꣬ºѦеɸ봫ѧϡ彭ߣ־ݲԶѧϵӦòҵ
Ȼʮ죬ѧѴؼѾҵǸС壬С̵סʱɫشŹϢ
һݴ峤˵СȷʵһλŮӴǨӹǰϵڶʹΤϵģѾ뿪ȥδ˽Բ֪
ݴ峤ŮӲ֣ͨҽһõϲܿӦ˴˵Ӿôƽعţһ죬һص彭㣬ȴһһϢӣҽֻǨӶŮӻҽˣ峤˹ȥΡ
벻ŮӼ˱ȻصӺ󣬾ʧɫ£峤ɣʲԵŮӻԵݳǣ˳ĴΣŰ˾Ȼġ
֮ȴʧˣǵԼʲôҲǵԼӺδնԺǻҪôֱڼſڷ˶˵ǱˮݻӣȰŮԶЩһ˺
ŮӻոһյչƺϰϣطչˡʱԸԷҩʱͳĬԣαôƶûá
ã彭˵ĺ֢ԽԽԣֱӵıֱķξʹ̡ӵ־ǿʹʹҲķƢʵڳܲסԲҲ˱˷ֺˣڷģŸҩ
ǴǱС壬ΪӵķأѾҩʯĵزȥδ˥߱ѱʹλŮӦǴѰҽȥˣ˺Ѷ
ѧϵĳѦкҶ嶼˳Ĭò׵õжˡҶ׼Ҷ׼ڵ״ҲΣһŮӣܰȥء
УҪȥһݣҶס㵽ʰ
Ѧдӱȥʲôز죬·ߣˣѧ϶޲ˣа취
Ҷ˫֣תʵ˵Σ
Ѧüҵĵǣգغϼӵִ򡭡˾Ƕ̩͵ĵ̣ӲѦȵ˫ۡ
һүھס㣡
үھѰټ˵Ҳ⡣֮ȥݲгһ·޿ɷ
˵ֻԴˣҶǺ¶ɫ
ǵڡòҽͨҽ֪ģںʱҽԵ˿׼˵ľ磬뿪֮Ӧϰüҽ˵Ǵ׼ľݡ
Ҷһ˵ҲԪ֮£Ԫ۵ʱΪˮ֢ƵϼִҩѼʧ顣һ·ӣ˰·ҩһֱ񡭡ˣ֮ǰΤ˵ģζҩ
Ѧнüһ֪ҩԺδ
⵹֪ʱ㱻ǸĻᶼ٣ܵתһҩѾܲˣлЩϸڡ
Ѧг˼һᣬڹһЦ
ʲôˣҶչüҵ˰취
ˡΪɫЪ£գظһ
Ҷ廹ϸʣѦ䲻˹Ȼ߸߱ȥ
ѦдӦձҶһ𸴣һ뿪˸ۡҹӰûѦߣҶֻö꣬պҲ޷ߴ԰ȥˣߵ԰й䡣
Ҫճȣӭײ˴ҴææӦҺۼֿ콫ҶסȻ϶ˤ
Ӧëëŵʲôײˡֻ£̲סǳӦ
žǰ֪ʱ֣־͸һƣǸʲôҲҴѵⱾˣ


60
Ժ׼ʹˤһߡҶ󾪣æֽסϸȥѾһƬҶʱԲǵң˵ӦѣδʲôΪξ͵￤ˣÿؾ
ǰбۿҶ壬һӦ汾£ֽӦģü˲ãվ·м䵲Ǵ뵢󱾿˵ûлУˤ˾Լվ£Ҫġ
ԻУҲ˵ѦʮδܹΪ˻ҶôҲլӵˣϲ׳ӷˡԷ˿Ĳ£ӦһơӦײ˶ˣأҲóͷǡ˵ԺȻǰݺݴӦһ⣡
벻Ծ˴󵨣˶סˣӦһҲ˺ۣ㶵ؿԡ
ǰӦ󣬵ʱףļǰסԣšֱʹõز
Ҷ鼱ֹֻܴ֮ס֣
ֶǹģĸûҶ䱾ʼԵĶ⣡
Ҷּһԣֻ֮иȥ԰Եס
Ҷݿɲһ㣬Ҷ׼ķŹȥã˳˭ʶ̸Ҷ׼ĺˣּסҲٶ
ǰʱɱסˣʱϹҲסǰסҶ½ָһǶ⣡
˾õһ
²ˣ˵ԪǴξҲˣҶѽȣҶ׼ϣԶ۵ʹҲ֣˵ʹ򣿼æǰǰ˵ȰοĻ
ǰѼֶƿ߷߲ƽΣĸѵң쾭֮¡οѦҺᣬѵ˻ָŮң
㻳ʲôҪѸ𣿣
ԶȻѦ˶ʱ󾪣ˢˢһء
ѦԶԶҶŰգæ԰˹
סҶ˫ۣ۵ϸ鿴ƣҶپæԽԽӣû£Բˡ
ѦпһԱߵԣֻ˫ףǺͶͷһƬϣͷκ·һƬңǾܹһ
ŭת˫ð𣬶ǰ㻹Ҫ棬ϸҹһɢͬھ
ǰɨأ硣ֵ̬ʧأæס
ѦзҶ壬ͷҲص뿪˺԰
ߴ԰УѦϸĵذҶҩˡ
ϵʹνǰǾ䡰ָŮҶġΪָȱѾҪˣʵϲǣԶ֮ȥһӡ
ѦмͷҩҲҧزʹܣҩ㽫ӵʹԼûб
С뿪ˡ
ѦһְȦ˵㣬ǰ㵽ƷӹСסһΣѺк֮˼ȻϵˣƵġ
ءһֱݲңΣҶĻ
Ѧ촽һʱϻȷʵǰʽӣɸϷŮˣһֱģΣѦкȻЩԼĸףΨһİ֮ˣβҲһѵľأ
ҶΪѣʱЩĵ飬ת֮¡
Ѧֻ˵Ϣ˵
ǰôһڣҶȷʵҲˣѦлг˯ȥ
ڶҶ巢ַʰһʣȴѦһ̵ĵ˽ˣϴһ£Գ˻԰ƷĺС㡣
Ҷ´ֻʽСһ̣зС󡢾ջѩ֡Ҷˮǧ⡢۽źУ
ؿǰĳʳǡ
Ѧа£Ȼݵ¥ûȣڳҲһˡ񻹼ǵ;ӵǸ糿ԺС㻹Ǻġ
Ҷ忴Ѧһ˷ܵӣҲ˼֣Ӽһϲ󣬾ҪţɲŷŽߣһζֱܱǻҶپһθæ¿ӣתŻ
Ѧɫ䣬æסżʵôˣ˾Ʋʣ
Ҷ˳˳ؿڣѦǰִæҡͷǣճȥ仨԰˵纮Щ̶ѣϢһˡ
ѦššüԴǰһҹҶ־Ҷ׼¹ʣңںò׺˵㣬ƫǰ£ȥֶ֪֧á
壬ȥƷСסɣʲѾʰˣԹžͳɺãѦս֣Ȼʧ
Ҷͷ
Ѧ˼ֽŵɫתͷԸ˰ѵĳˣϵСˡ
ҶʵûʲôθڣѦоͰӱߣһһιֻסвʣǿС룬ʵǳԲˣֻƿ
Ѧڲǿúǣ뿪ۡ
ųߴ԰ǰƺݴͣ԰ŵȺѾá
ճͻʱϾˣûǰĶѾôˡҶ忴жǣЩζӳ¡ȻѦмǿӲģȷʵܹϵе飬˭ֵַӾǲģһ˵㡭
ΪǰҪѣȴ˹ϸѦеǸУҵĲǡʱҸвʣӦżȥҩײ塭ҲãûסԼҲ֪иȷʵȣЩҽ˵ô
ˣѦһͷҪҲãҪҲգף̫ôˣѦҵˣñ𶯷ֺ򡭡һˣұˣˣʹӵһ˿ʼٴһ飬Ѳ⣿
ǰһ˵Ŵŵûͷأ֨
ǰԲüֱţѦ壡
ǲ壬û磡˵תҶ壬ͷҲص뿪
ɽ·̫ߣͣͣʱߵǧ룬ѦмҶɫףһֱؿڣüͷ㲻ˣйȥ
˼ʿҶڻ˹УΪβߺɽֱͨӹȵС·Ҫǰɽٵأ
С·ܣǰɽҡһԼһλǧ棬ǵȺʱˡ
ѣ


61
λʩƶȷʵͨҽֻԴӽԪ޵󣬱ʱǰס־¼ɣֻݣŴ£һֻ޵¾
Ҷʵʦ̫ǡ
ƶ尲ҽ˵ͽǰźۻڴͽɢֻͶ۷ƶʱʮĽƷԪ۵סԪˣ尲һ·Ե;ʦм伸βڷϧԪ۲֪ԭԪǰ𻯵ɣסֱǾұ뿪ƷٵɵʱƶӣߣΨ¡
ҶȻ򣬡ҽ뻯ýҩѹҵķӱҩ䷽Ӧʦˡ
ԴͷϧʱСϣƶҲ޷ҽ֢˼ӦÿԾȡ
ˮർµķʦ̫ҽ𣿡ȻӵͽӦЩ취ҶкȻ˼ϣ
ƶ˽ͽΪɣһϰ֮һϰҩ֮ѧֻҪͨ˼ҵĿˣɼޡϧƶʱҩ֮ϰƤë˱𻯣֮޴̸𡣶ķһΪ£ýҩ˫£ܼЧƾƶ֮޷Ρ
Ҷ˫ò˲ȥ
Ѧæʵഫͽ٣ĿǰǷó֮ߴ
Դҡҡͷƶ˵Ĺŵӣʦʱʮ꣬ʱǴʦֺѾʮ࣬ССʦֺڣҲѹ֮ꡣƶʮǷͬʦʦ˵̸һλ֮ͨߡ
Ҷپؿһʹ˵ʹѰС׼壬Ҳ

Դ͸¶תæعԴ
ʦӵͽɢ尲һԵѰõһλҲδ֪ƶҲ˵ͽѧ߿ɼޣʦ֮ʱСʦֺѾʮ꣬һλɼߣСܼɣʦʦӦѧˡ
˵Ӧǰ尲ˣҶתͷѦУŹâ
Դ΢Цף˷½ԵƶСľסǧҲڳƷԵ˵λʩƶʦʦٽԵһΣк棿
ԣǾȸˣѦеҶվ̫û˷纮ǣתߡ
ԴȻסˣҿҶʩɫ԰ף˫Ŀǣ岻ʣƶͨҽһҲġ
Ҷļؼңı尲֮УܾѦȴڴӦǡǣҶˣʦ̫λҽߣջҽҩأ¸պá˵žͰҶ˹ȥݵԴǰ
ԼİǰٴǰǾ䡰ָŮ¾ţʶ˻ȥ
ԴȴȻ΢ЦʩĪţ֮ˣԿգĪ˵ʩָʹвȫƶҲһƤҡ
Դ˵˵ȻĿҲδͣĶָ֮ϣҶİ°˹ȥ
Դסָ֣һͷٽһֹֻ
ѦмòһͷһšüҲһһ£Ϊţͷ߳һϸʦ̫Īʲôװɣ𣿡
ǺǡҪ˵ҲѣҲѡ
ҶջһͿؿžԴʦ̫Ǻ⡭
˵ⲡ֢ѣھձκã˵ⲡѣʹʲôҩʱһȻܺá
˵ӵǲˣѦе±Ѽȹϵϡɳ˵ôǶǣҲŵֻм׷ʣҪȣҪȵʱ治ʹʲôҩ𣿡
Դͷ΢Цֻʮ£ĸӾ
ĸӾ
ѦмֱԼĶ䣡
˵ˣ
ҶƺûӦʵСң
Ŀǰʱջ̣Ҷʩоʲô֢״ҲģٹЩʱգͻὥоӱθҲı䣬ϲµ֢״ҲԽԽԡֻҪϸӵ¡ȺӽԽԽӦģʱҲᵽӵĴڡ
ѦѾ˵ԭⲽˣҶ֣˷ܵؿһҲ˵
Ҷͷĺˮ֪ж༤ԼҲǸж벻ᣬȥúţۿˣˮܿ˳ֹֹס
ѦҲ˫ۣתԴлһﻹоԴӰ
ǧ֮ϣϲӵ
Ҷ廳ǲסƷӹˣѦԭ·۷صУһűܼ򣬶̫ȫ¶֪Ҷ岻ʵϢ
ǰղѦ˳ͻѦлΪ˷˺ݻس԰֮˼룬᲻÷ѦУʱŵ̬ڵߴ԰̽ͻ˵ĹϵοԼ˭ĹԼһѦе治ҪףʱҲˡ
ǰߵߴ԰߽ȥȴŵ԰дһ󡰹ϲ֮ʱ⡱һ£˦Ӧִæ˽ȥץһźѾ߱ʵϲʲôϲӺ
СѾŵֱ£ءմ˵˵
˵ʲô
СѾߴſǻ˵˵˻ˡūǹϲ˺Ͷˡ
˵ꡰۡһؿͷġ
桭ǻôǰѾסҲֻʣࡰСһֱƶԡ
ӦæСѾ߸ߣǰסǰɱӣС˻б㻳УҲ˵ܲӣʹҲҪͷڻģѦĵճӣǼ˵ĺӣÿǼСүʹͳԷأ
ǰӦƿ㶮ʲô
˵ĵߵߴ԰ſȥͿѦЦݵԴʹˣҶڴϣҲЦ⡣ƺܰаһˣѦҵ˶硭
ѦкҶ忴ǰϵЦʧҶ廹˴񣬡
ѦаѹܼҺ˶ߣȥҶ壬ڴɵúúõģµʲô
Ҷ岻ؿǰŭ棬Щ¡ֻԼûʲôúµģٰһˣˣһ˺ǸǺá
ǰһѦУô˵⺢ӲˣСʱ߾Ͳ׷ߣкüλø磬Ѧ˲֪ŵڼԶڹϵΤүƺҲõĻ֮أϵ
ÿ˵˴ײ㲻Լ棬ѵҲһף̫𣿣
ѦŭҶæסҲ˵˵ѣ
òװȣ⺢ǲѦҵĹѪ˭֪ˡ


62
ѦסҶ֣ۿǰﵹ£ĺҵҪúƣ
ǰʱֲҶΨ˦ȥ
Կ뿪ӰæСѾ߰ߴ԰Źϡ
Ҷ̾˿ת䡭
Ѧ΢΢üҪҶ뿪ˣ򣬻֪ʲô¡
ֹ˽һ£ҶѦеġι£ɫҲЩеˡ
ǰѻ࣬Сʼ¡ж𽥲㣬Ҳô԰ɸʱ
Ҷڰ಻סһҪȥ尲ϾҶ׼ķѾʮأҲЧҽΰ취²Ѧ޷ʱ뿪˳ǣֻаѧϺԻҶǰ尲
ΪȫҶһڲʵݣ̵һ·ˡѦϧһ·᲻ûȥһ֪ͣ͵˳˽ĳͤߣɫڳͤߵéջһ
СЦ˹кѦеˣλ͹Ǵ⻹ס갡
ס꣬ͷ׼Щʳ͵С
ϡ͹롣
ǵСҪ¥ƹĺȻ˹˵˳ǵѹ˺ЩˣϲϣɫϾˣϽǣƥ͹ȥҪ˼ҵ£⼸λ͹кɡ
ǵСæӹţŷϵĵַ󾪵ɸƷԱĸۡҵȥ˼һǴθǸѦͶҲƼˡ
һɸ⼸֣ˢˢƹ͵С
ƹĵСϣŭͷŶѣΪѵģܱղգ͵ˣϾ˼ǮģܲôȥˣɱʹˣѦ˿ɲλѦˣ
СΨΨŵŵҪ뿪
ۼСҪȥѦкȻֹǰȥ¶֮Ǻģ
ƹ͵СŽɵؿǣթҳ
λλѱǻɸ˵ⶥһѧϣʾƣͬ磬˵̣ز죬һ̡ɫʹƹǺѪҲϲǰˡ
ѧϻ⣬æóɸƣǰ˵˻Ѧ˵Ѧѧϣڴˣ顣
ƹĽӹƣɵؿ˿תͷСʵǵλŵʱ˵͸Ѧ˵ģѧʲôţ
áǽѧϡ
ƹüЦˡˣǽѧϡȻѦүڴˣǱˣһλǧһҪѦеģѦү͡λﳤüĿ㣬߸ݵģеɷǵģ˵žͰǷŵ˹
ѧϵлӹתѦе˻ط䡣
Ѧаסǰƹʵƹ˵λѦˡ֪Ǻ⣿ҿֻ˵ֻлһѦʵ˵ˣʶ˱ŵƹ񲻷˵˵Ҳ۽硣˵žͳӣƹȥ
򡢷Ҷæǰס֣Щкã羡طϢɣЩˡ
Ѧһ֪λѦˡӦѦѦk֮һֻǺΪⳤ˽ҰéջϵѣȻҶ岻ǲʱǣתҪߡ
˭֪һʻȴƹ͵СĿ˹ȥƹİԴһᣬҶʵλ˺졭Ƿ
ƹšü˼ǰϸ
ҶرĿ⣬Ƿ˵ƹĿϴˣƶѡ˹أƹ񡣡
ǺǡҲԣһոʵ֪λˣһѷ˴ϳɼǰһλͣơⲻ֪⻧ѦǺͷأͷһѦǿ˰ٵĹ֮ңڳ˾Ӫ˴ʮˣҪǰʶλͣ᲻֪ҺͿˣǺǡ
ŶѦйһüǿ¸ʲģ͵ûʹǡ
صУѦšüţʼ֮ʱϸŷϵּİǵ˼֡ƹ˵λѦˡָľѦkϳҶ壬˵ӦǵѦkҶ徭Σ·˵أƹʶˣЩ
ҶȻڱסϲ˲䣬Բ𡭡
Ѧзŷ⣬ס֣תӵ뻳Բʲô
ҵꡭǰѦk
𣿡
šΪԶһƬ룬˳ơʯԨ羰ãǣָҺȥɢɢġҵպʯԨԱʱڴЪ
ҵСӼ޸֮ǰǶ˶ʡ
Դȥ˺󣬾Ҳûȥˡ벻ƹļôãȥü껹ӡ󡣡
ƹô˵ѦkƺʱջһֱȥӦûûɡ
ҶЩˣæ˳㿴㿴ǲǰĻӰˣҺ˽飿Ӧ˵Һһû˽飡
ãûУ㡣
֮ǰںݣûȢҵʱ򣬻һֱҡ
ʱС¡
Ҷ塰ꡱһЦ˳㻹£ǸϽŰɣ쿴ļҹ㴫飡
Ҳƣ뿴ļҹɣ˼ѦбߴȤ˺ŷ⣬ֽչ˿
ȫİּ
ݶǧƥǧƥǧƥϵɴǧƥϤת尲
ҶԴ˳ɣܹһ仰ʲô˼ô޳ʲô
Ѧֽ˫΢΢ϵļƺڳ鴤
УҶ島˳䣬ЩãȻ
ѦתϲضҶ壬һΣүҳׯӦݵİǧƥУ˱ݡ
뵽˰취õ˶߾ëƤȻ󰲸ݵĿ̣Ҷϲ⾹Ȼǵźţ
Ѧסˣ¡ô֪
ô֪ԡԡĻˣҶ延ϲȸԾֽٿ˼飬ǣȫıʼƹҲû˵ŸĻˣѵС׼ûиһ𣿡
ҶкȻӿǡ
Ӧǵһ˽ػżй¶ݺ٣ԲŽ֮дġߵСģȴǣҪ֮дţȻʮֽСģô׼¶Ҳ֮СȻǧƥ֮ºѦҵ˶ֲ֪ϺֻǵãӦдת尲֪Դʦ̫ĳֱǰ尲Ѱͽ٣ѹѧݿѰȴҲǰټ
Ȼһ˶ʱֹס˻⡣
үˣǵСλͳʳˡ
Ѧ߹ȥõСС̺۾סشҶ壬һߴһ˼Ѧеߣæ򷢳ȥա


63
Ҷ廳˯ʱͣûѦеӰҪػֵӦһѾ뿪
´һѦи飬дŰ칫̳뿪ֶһЩעⱣ֮䣬ǡСҶ忴˴΢ЦԼΪݵһκȻŵˡ
Ժܿϴ˶ǹ尲֮£ȥƼ緹Ҳúóԣһ·ˡ
ҶǰŲſջƹһ·Сܸ˳
ҶΪԼڽûиˣһɵؿƹ񣬡ƹģǸղӦѾ˰ɣ
ƹĶЦݣǣȻϽְҡͷҶ˸Ϳˡ
Ҳ˵֮µģСͳʳʱϸһΣȷŷǵѦ˳λջģЩ˵ı£ϵġ
Ҷ崹˵ͷƹüԣǰѦȷʵ˵ء
ƹһĴȣϲˡˣ
ƹΪԼǸˣ֮ԲϣΪѾˣڷǰȻԸԼйܵĹϵԼδΣԼ뿪ٶһ䡣
ˣҲ£һҲæ롭
Ҷ޷ֻƹߵ˹̨ߡֻƹȥڳ˺һᣬ֮óһöƽĶ֣صصݸҶ塣
Ҷӹϸ˰죬ȷŲԼ֮ԣҲҡͷǷŻع̨֮ϣƹⲻǵϴˡ
Ҳ˼ȷʵǷ֮λ˳ģѦ˵
ѦkڿջŮӵ
ƹˡѦˡЯŮӵĶأµİɡ
ƹļˣæ˵Ѧ˵ģѦ˵ģλһסŮӵġͲö֪ˡˣ˵С꣬ȻĿ˺ܶ࣬סûλΪͳ˳ýҶЪЪȻõĵطסȥˡǼվѦԼλСͶס꣬Ѧ˷ʰģ֮
Ҷʱ˵ǰδ£ϲ֪λĺ壬ھô࣬ѦԽԽ֮˽̫ޱˡһҹµʲôǳ¡
תһ룬ѦkҲ˾ӣЯŮӵĽҰޣд˹֮£ƹ֮ԣų̶ȴɡ
˵Ҳ֣Ѧ˱СģǴ֮ȴҲûˣҲûҲС͵ѦѦͥɭϵúܣûаŷͨⲻû취ֻˡ
Ҷ忴˵óϿңڵ˵ͷҲµ˼ƹ˼ת
ƹ¸ǣǣϾǵ˼ҵĶǿɲ̰ȥѦ˿һʱûһ˻ͷңָŪˣǿɲͳԲ˶С˼ѦҲͰˣٺ٣˱ϾѦ˵ĹˣҪһӦҲѡٺ١԰˴Ϊת
Ҷ¶ɫѦkѾòˣʹټҲ㴫ݴ˵̹ģһѦkԼķ±֣²ˡ
ѧϼⳡǰҶ˵ˣǱ߸ĶүûǵʹǵҲںƹֻǵСĶүΪ͵ģѰưˡǲƹ˼үţԺлͻûִˣ벻ʲô󰭡СȻªǵش˳ǽ࣬һ˶һϳݵģ鷳ˡ
ҶͷǣûǶƹǶȥ
ƹصĴ鷳˦ȥˣʮֿģǧлǳţڻ¡
尲Զˮ·ݣѦмżı⣬½·пˡΪҶ׼δˮðմӦ½·ȥ尲
뿪ǽС˹ٵԵҰ𽥿Ҷ͸ĳңԵĺҰΧһɨգ齥泩ڷſգãԵ˼˻
ϸϸоöɵˣֹϣͨ˼ҵĶүλѣǺء
ҶЦˣģżö֪Ѱ˼ҵˣ
¶ЦԻٺöҵѦҵ̶̩ŵĶƹСұڵģʹүѾߣʱҲǻȥæ챦õľҶ٣ЩΣ͸ˡ
ҶԾؿԣһţԭѦ֮˼ز¶۲ʶ̩ɽˣҲ˺ģʵ㿴Ķ
ʵ˵ǹ˾䷿Ķ
㻹ĶҶٴγԾ
ˡ֪ں浽ҵĻ﹫ӣǶ̩ȻЩ¡
ҶȻصͷѹѧϺԶѦkƷΪ⣬ԭѦҶ̩ŵ·˿㣬ЩѦүмϵĺöȷʵΪ档
ֻǲ֪Ƕү׼˵ģǱ˲ġ
ԻоöҶ岻ЦˣǸùܵ顣öϲԼţϲȻҸط˱ǡ
Դϲ˵͸ˣ
Ѧүġ
Ͷ˶ʱЦһƬĵĽлǰС
Ѧ޷뾩Ҷͬ尲ԭġѦҶ׼ڸصľƽ׼ˣ֮Զ۵ע⡣
Τĵ飬ҵֱԭȻΪǻҵĸԴȴھϵ˾Ѿ˽ܣҲ֤ȷ䣬ɵġתξϵתʹ󣬸Ǳ˸׳졣
Զõ永Ա鷿Ϊõĵ飬ǰξϵ˾ȫԱ̰ϵʵﹱ˰̣ͷ೯͢˵ʳǸնѣ
ʵﹱ˰ֵٴҲҪͨۻٲ˴̺ŵӰԶŭǣЩ̺ŵı󣬶ָ
忤ٵ͵Ҳ޿ɲأ¶ڳڳС
ǣ浽ףҲ޲ߣԶ۱㽫˰񣬽
һϣټƲһ±㽫˰װס
Ҷ׼ְ̫ڼ䣬ᵳӪ˽ƽ׼ĸ֮Ŀ϶°ѳ˴ҵľ˾ƽ׼˾Ȼı̳͢ʵﹱ˰̺ͨת֣б˽ҡ


64
ʼϲǣλھϵ̺žȻµ̺Ͷף֤һṩ֤Լʵ¼ʮױıͼȻң
ԶΪ永̺ŽҷıоگͶṩ֤ݡߣʵıĴһһӵϽҷıо
һҹ֮䣬Ȼ
𾪵Ϣںͷ͢ץ忤ľӻδˣ忤ηɱϢ㴫˹͢忤֮ǰɱԼһ檶Ůһʣӷʬֻ֮մѪ֡л
˷һӵʬף˸
ԶԸ²참Ա˻صʬȷΪֶ忤ӺگλᣬԼ鷿ҹԵף̫¡
Զ˺忤Ҳ御޲Ϊ֮ݡʵʮھͷ;ԶµĶ֣Զ۶ӵĺ̶޵ģҥҲơ
ϾԶɱһػɱӣնݳ˺ף̫ı֤ȷԺ֮䰲ᣬΪλǽıһĨȥᣬ϶ӡƷǷѣͽ䡱
һͬ永ǰǣǨף̫˲뿪Χͬǰ̫Ҷ׼ݶһ٣͢ʧȥ޷ʶʧ컹ᵳ˲׷
һþϵתʹǰݴʷǰ̨
ȺԾܿմ£ֱȨ龸ϵƽ׼Ѱһ۷׷ףԶ۾˰ЩĻ䣬Щҳֲ̣ܲȺķ飬˱㽫䴦ȲҲüνǨ¾ʹ˲̸
Ѧڴ˰жûָ֤永
ǰǱѦлһ棬˺˵ķ޹ϵʵƴҲ
Ǿ˷ʣûյİ裬ΪİȻֻһ䣬֮£Ƿ㰵Ϊ
Ҳһ䣬Ҷ׼彭֮ѣǷΪ
ЦһҶ׼Ҳֵ֣
ѦвŭЦˣҲһ䣬㸲ȫԼȡ
ѦתҪߣڷ˫ͨ죬ڱһѱסУǻ뵺ɡǼ죬Ⱳֵʱ⡭
Ѧб˫ۣ˵һƷǺγǡ
лᣬһ·ʱȥұȥġ
ЩҲҲ붮㡭뿪Һ𣿡
Ѧ֣תѾûˣΨһģǰ׹Ůͷϻſķţû˸ҺӴ֮󡭡Ѻƽƽлһžۡ
㻹ǲ
Ѧεҡҡͷǰݵһ͵ҶԲ㣬Ӧȷʵ޹ء
Ѧв磬ɵתߡ
ѦУҾûйһ飿
Ѧж˶٣ͷҲصؼ뿪
һ죬ڵģ
ĺصѦһȴѱ̳ס
ıҵ˸׳죬ԶسŵûΪӣǷŹ
˵ϢҶһҪߴѧϸϻس˽ӦѦУȴѧϴסշת尲һСϡ
ǰһСլѧᳵ·ؿţҶӭ˽ȥ󣬺ܿ쾯عš
ѧϣǡ
ѧ˵žͰͶ˴Ժһ˼ӣѧһһ򿪣Ȼǽ鱦
Ҷ岻⣬ǡ
ļҵףүүæ˺Щ꣬ڵþʣǮˡ
ҶȻءΪʲôԼ˵ȥˣ
ѧ죬˵үЩǮӦֳݣһݹҶˣһݹүһݹԼΪҶѲүصطˣ׼СģȻҶ尲ת
ѧϣҲЩоˣô£ΪαȴûйִУǾʲô£ڻ𣿣
ѧæ£鰧ݵˣүɼǧү£ѧ֪Ҳ࣬үӲû¡ص£ѧ϶һ˵һ
Ҷ忴ѧ⸱˵ģʱѣ˶˰ء
Ҷ˺үݺϿգ忤ȣ˺忤һЭ顣忤سҶ˺үھƽ׼ֲȡıơҶүӦ뵽С㻹ڳѣԼҲвʱΣգԼҲͰˣСô졭
ԣǴӦˡҶپվȡ
ѧϵͷҶ˺үĲŻƾƽ׼ڻ£Ǳ㾡ģ˼Ÿ˵ЧȻݵѾıĵһ֧죬ձץס˰ѱҲ֪ˣѧϲ֪үʲôһȻҲ޷ڳȫ˰
һҪҵС׼塭ֻС׼ܾ
Ҷ嶨˶תѧ˵С׼ʹжǣıУаܴġȻݸţ˵Ҳ֪С׼վȻӡСڴ壬У尲ĵطң
ָ尲ҹУ
尲ҹУ˵ء磬һǰҶ֮ʱȻݣԼεȴֺĺ쳾ɡƽ
Ҷ㱳֮ʱȴӣָŲԶ̯ϲ˵˿쿴ǲרĵطöడ
Ҷͷѧһ߹ȥ
Ҷ׼谴ʱҩҶ׼ķҩвҩģѲߣ޶ٻݵ尲гӦþͰĻķѵòˣȻҲҪס˳ǽéջ˵ҪģҵһıֶΣάơ
ռںׯͳׯң幤ںпڽԱ˽֪˵Դ廻ȡӦز尲ѡҶŵ尲ҹеĴ弯У̽һ
һ̽ʮʧеʽࡢͣȴһ幤ļҲҲҶЩţʵԣȷҹôңûУ
ҲЩ٣䣬طˣСڵ̶̩Ŵӣı»еģٷˡȿȣָռС㣬幤ںѦѧϲǣȥûһַƵġ


65
ѧҲѽ⣬ǰ˵ˣûУǿʶıĲڻ£˵ûУǿûСС尲ڴҲʾɣʲôıֶء
ΪǸõͻƿڣǾһҶҲ߲ųصĲ尲ҹкй䣬ԽߺԽС˿֮ԼЦ֮һ̧ͷʱסˣԼôߵ⻨￵ַ
˻ûӦмŨױĨŮ˹ֱӼҶԣѧϿ˹ȥһЦһߴȤҪšѧһСѦУͶ˶ϲֵطˣżӦнӴҲǵ㵽ֹ֫Ӵ־ֱϿļƻܲס
ԶʱŭɶǼŮƿѧǰ棬Բ
ӴСˣƣһ·׷ŷİ˵㣬еɫҷҲᵽطˣ˵ǲǡ
ѧͣųھͱûڼ˵ЦУŭʢֻܱ졣
Ҳ˵ǲҵķʹǣԸʶҪЩӹ֬׷ҲôǵŨױĨģײҼҷˣʱﲻ𣡡
ӴԭСѾͷѰģû˼ǿɲˡ
˵žתҪߣ֮ʱѧ˼üۡѧһ飬æתȥٿǡԼ⸱ģ٩˵ңܻӭӣ
ܻӭѧһʱֲóֻۣܸɵۡ
ԶȻһöҶ岻ǰ˼
Լ״Ҳ˺ѧ϶æǰסı䣬ż˵Ҫȥģǰ棬ľǻˣȥ
ҶȴûĻ㣬˵Ҽǵãƺõá;ʱʱԣ𣿣
Ϊܣ˵ͷ˵С黭һͨöеõģáˣС𣿿ɲҪ̫ɵıǶƸС
һĨϲȻҶüңЩȸԾ˵ľԴô幤أ幤ٺãҲֻάƣҪС׼忴ҩƾƷôأ
˼ǡ
㻹˵﹫ںҵѵ֪ЩǮҲǮ𣿣
Եɫʱ˲Ӭһѿ˵Сܣôأ
ѧںһԴջе㱾£ڵͿСô£ָǣֹ
ҶЦ˳ɲǣо¥ͻгӣ巻ͻɫȮ֮أֹ⻨͹ǲǣݺݺ࣬ۻңм˻ЩĻֹأԶĻӦû㰲ȫ
ԻǾЩ˼飬ͷ¶棬СĻô𣿡
ΪС׼壬ܵĥѻ𡭡£ʲô
ѧæǰһ˵˺ԶŮӣȥв㣬̽һ£ͽѧɡ
Ҷ廹ûü˵ȴ٩㲻ƲҺͷˣԼȥңɡţ
ʲôѧô
ҪһȥҶæֿˣٳʹ˸ɫ˵˼䣬ԶʱЦ˵ͷ
ʱҶԾѻװѧ»ص˿ַĽֿڡ
ˣ취ҵȻ
ˣƨ߰ɡѧϽһԼߣҶǰ棬ˣ󣬷ģкβѧϱػƴȫ
ѧ˽ýòãҶüĿ㡢ת飬һ뻨һڹĿ⣬׷Χ£شкһŨҵ֬ζҶһθŻ£ѹ¡
ѧɢˣһ¥ݣ˸£ٴĸͼСˣֻ˵еСʶһ£źĸǮЦúϲ£죬ȻٹʣִһЩƲ˾æкĿȥˡ
Ҷ۲һܺ˵˶ңĸСк˶⵽С䣬һᵽֹ̨ϸϸҡ
ѧϺԵͷѧϲҶһڴˣϯ̽á
һҼ¥̽Ѱ֪Ǻʱҳӽɢˣ߻Ҳ˺ȥһֽ
ƣڿյĴϣ䡣
һ벻һҶ忪ʼԼķѵ尲ĵһʱ䲻ȰҸӪ취ֱȥӵͽ޷Ĵ粽УҶ׼״ҲҶ׼Σע
尲֮󣬻ȥǵӰ
һʻͭ˿ַһ˿˺󳹵׹
һ˵Ĵϣͣڿַķ³Էſڡһͣ±мС˰ľӣȺ
ֻһ˫֣Ļһݡ
һܹģæǰֽӹŮеã˵ҶˣСġһŮ³
Ů³΢Ц⣬ûñϡ
˹ֻܿصߴʱһλѾߴŮӣ˷࣬һλ˿ͣƺλǡ
һλŮӴй߳Ѿæ
ս㣬ˡŮһ³뱳õŮл
Сˣķ¡
ǰס֣ҪҳȥӦ꣬ʱ˰ɣ𣿡
û£žڼҡ
Ǿͺá
˵ԷĸѾ˳æ˵ӴɻˣҶൣӲԸҪǿأ
м˵ﻰûӣ˭أ
ƲƲ죬ЩûȤǰһסȻ˾͸ϽȥɡؼңҪеʧΨʣ
ӭӶ³ܹæӦУĿ˽źת˵ҶˣϹأȥɡ
ʵͼ硭ɸҾͿˣҲ·
Ҳ·Ҷ˺롣
һ·һûһţʱߵһλĩ˵СԺǰԶԶȥżһӣæվſһҲ
ʱϲտƲסعЦ⣬һ·Сӭǰȥǣסֵĵʵôſڵˣҹ䣬Ҫ˷纮
ҲҪߡ
ȥȻ󣬱ס˽Ųתл磬лл㣬ȥɡ
ǳһĨЦ˵ͷ
½գڲ뿪СԺ


66
ŲԶڷķڡ
žӭ˵СɻˣүôҲԸҩҩˮпˣ˺üأҲûȡ
תһᣬڻ̾һ£ţôֲžĻˣ
Ҫӻٺȡ
Сһ죬ž飬Ұɡ
Сһãô
û£ȥϢɡ
ž̾һֻ뿪
ָҨһҩϸĵشٷŵߡ
ȥ
ҨڶףȻһùҩ룬ٵһ
Цˣó˲ǡҩ֭մߵĺ룬ûвɾǰȥİţߴֳˣһ
Ȼһѱ뻳Ķʧʶ§סĲӡ
ξһգգؿ
Щ룬˽š
Сʱһ飬ֻǵԼаţҶ˵еھţСʱʦܵ¹㻽šʹȫǵԼ˭֪˭ΪϵϢǡ
峤Ϊ˷㣬Ϊȡšʹ̣ȴִֵֻҪչˣ˲֪ദˣʱֻͬһչйŮദϾ˷绯С紾ʼ£δ˿࣬峤˼Ϊ򸾣Сɵ׶ûʲô񣬸ûиӵ顢飬û֪˵Ĺϵһˣ··Źűǡ
գԸԸȢ˵ͷ峤ʱüЦȴζӳ¡ˣе飬ָƭ飬ָΣ
ÿÿ£ᣬ̰ϢžþòԸ뿪
ǿڼʵܵģһһ죬Լָô졭
ϺȻһȵĴУǣѾϤ̰
ߵ£ȥշת
ǻɢһҩζʱѹƿ
𣬲ƵзѪ壬ز顣Դίظ˼ƺһֱȽϿƣ뷨Դӵ尲㽥òʶֹ
ȴѹ£˺
šôˣ
ȴţۼҪóѣΣΨҧزԼԶ϶طִʣϨϨơ
֪ϲй⣬Ϊ˺ۣ᲻ڡⲻ֪ν̺һҲ⣬ΪЩһ˼ڣԸ⣡
ǸˣˣһΣŴΣ
ʱȫʧȥյģݰռУʾԼȨ
ڳܲסץסļѦȸĴ̫̣ʱ֯ú¡СǸõĶѵֻһΣ
ھѣʱͣ˫Щֵؿµ
Բ𡣡
´ҲƵ뿪˷䡣
ӵӣ۵ؿ뿪Ӱ׼
鶼üµۡʧȥʶ˯˹ȥ
һ磬ʱ˿ߣûӰЩģæ´ϴһ£˷š
ԺʰԼӵڰ
ǴˮĶЩ׾Źκ֪ͭںδ֣ԼĺӳˣôҲҪθɾǡ
֪ӣЩΣֻ߹ȥùеĵӣСϣӴ֣ϸĵذźӡ
ԴԺ˵Ҳ̫Сҽ˵ˮȻص˶߳ɵߴԣʧķ裬ˮŵġ
ǹжٻΪʧķ裬ֻʧȥ˼䣬֪Լ˭ߵ˭֪Ҷѡ
ܿʰɾˣͭеָյĿʣڳһĨЦ⡣
Цˡڻָ飬ٿȻ߸߱ԺתȦȦ
Щʧ⣬ļ¡
Բ𡣡ºٴ˵֡
ۿЩ죬ͷ
ұ֤Ҳ´Ρ
ȻЩ£仰Ѧǰ˵Σ仰ѾӰңʷݡ
Ҷ׼ķչһһԥؽԼ
žʱԵľ棬С㣬ү׼ˣŰɡ
Ҷ׼ҪӣؿһƵʹȻǵذϮ̲סšüеĿӦأסؿڡ
󾪣æһѱסž飬ȥҩ
ȻΣž黹һæܽóҩö͡
Ҷ׼۵ҧأҩôҲȥȥò¶һ϶ץסҩ˽ȥһĺ¡
ǺۣҶ׼ʧǣһҧסƵĻڣ
һ۵ҧأֵҧԼͷߡ
С㡭žһԿܣۿ˺졣
˺һᣬҶ׼ϲ˶ĺ飬ѺѪɫȫްŽɿĻڣҪ˵ʲô֧˹ȥ
ۼҪ£æԼĻŵرţȫûԼѾѪĻڡ
˽Ҷ׼չº󣬶žóҩɴ˵С㣬ˣٲ㣬ҪȥԷ𣿲ȥٰɣ￴ȥҲǺ˵ˡ
áԼӣٲ׳裬˾ã֮һȥСĵؿһҶ׼˵ֻ
ھͺáֻǹүһûȥѰˣȥǺʱҵ˵ͽء
ϵּ˼֣ϣк尲ѾûˣһǮƶ֣ʹԷϢҲ
˵䣬Ҷ׼Ȼ߽
æ˹ȥڴ齱ߣǣַŵԼϣţڡ
Ǹܵ£Ҷ׼ķʹನƺüĻǽӣͷ߳˱ϸ
޽ǣﷺһ
ת۽ʱž鿴Ҷ׼ȶһչӦӦù߳ȥ׼緹ߵԺӣһ
žɣߵԺǰʵ˭
žң
žԾʱôԵʧ񣬱ŵүôˣ
Ҫž΢һ£ֹүҼҹүˣСź򣬿»ᵡ͡к£㣬öžתһ¡


67
Ŷòɡ
æͣסŲ￴˿˵Сӵķǰˣʱ絽ʱҶ˿ҪЩ֪
뵽ƲŸˣž¶ɫүūðһ䣬ԷûбʦʵС˵ˣʱ֮Բٵңԡ
ԭˡԷȻûҶʦ˴һûģͻȥС֪Ҷ˵ǷأҪ𣿡
ǵãֻһ˶ѣѾҩˣүġ
ž飬˭ˣ
ŵԺж˳ȴҲ΢΢һ£磿
ʱչüҶˡ
ž˳æߵߣ˵˵ȥ
ͷ˵磬ȥͨС㣬˵һʱǰԷġ
žż̲סȰ裬С㡪
ҶˣȻ˲ʣһȥЭһʦɣڼ˰ɣϯ
ž̫ˣһСˣµġ磬ҷ岻ʣϣ²дˣذɣЩٻȥ˵Եͷתȥˡ
˵ʲôֻܰѻ˻ȥת뿪
С㣬ȻܹܶѾӦˣαػһҪϯƶˡ
֣ҲҪȥ֪Ǻˣ
žҡҡͷһɻ
˳Ӣ֮ӣϲõ֮尲ĵõԼʮǰλүɴ»ҲҪˣֱӸ˵ʿ尲ǽ캣۳СֱʵԽΪӳϮλģǱδйǰξүڷεʵ˲ӦԻΪʵҲþܾ˱䴦ȲӦҲܾôѹš
žЦˣ벻һ£ǳû˹ܵɽôү겻ڼң㳤븾֣֮簮мӣѹֿԣһǧ𡣡
䲻ϲ;£Ҳʲôʮ֮ͽԣҲδʲôΪ֮¡Ե֮оϲʦӵĵ澭һӴ˵ټ
žȻ򣬡ˣž㲻СˡҪУҪ۵ܲˣҪǿ
֪ڼҺúչ˴׼ܻ֮Щ㱣мǲҪ̼ңҪܳʱǲ̫壬ҵ·˵ˡ
֪Сйٱˣžס
ЦЦ벻ԼҲ߶߶һ졭
ʱĩ׼ʱԷ¥ż䴺ѩѾøʲ͵ӵϲϾƣ˿ˡ
װˣԼ֬зۣѡ价۹һġ
ˣְżȲܴ˿˵ˣҲַܳ©治һ¡
ͭ۴ЦΪԴλٴʧڷ֮ظʮ꣬䣬ɫɫ˸ǲҲδ£෴евٷ糾ŮĽίϸȴûһġĵģʦ꣬ǵһ
δʶĿ⣬ע⵽ˡ
Цɷ֮£˵ַˣϵˣŪİɣ
֣Щ˼ЦˣǣֻҲСĻ˶ѡ
˵㣬ҲӦΪԼһ£Ҫ治ˣô죿Ůչ黹Ҫи޵ġ
굱λһҲûʲô
üͷǱһţȻɫ
һѶеӣԲŶʮͷҪعѣصʱǸͷ
ЦЦ̫£Щ˿ġڱ˿ֻһŲɷĿٸⲻ֪Ѿţѹƽľһڹž޲ʲô᲻£ǾֻҶ׼ˡ
סӣԼ߿˿߶ҿǸ׵ĺùޣʹɡ۰Ͱ͵ҿŶۡ
һæͭпȥȻվ󼸲Զһ
⣬ǲ֪Ҷ׼ȣӦþͺйأԽûţⳳҶ׼¶ˡ
Ѿǰʹһϼ壬ҲûܳΪڶҶ׼
ƽ͵ЦЦ޾ϲСĪҪ˵ҵõģѼ֮ˡ
˵ɡ֮һãҿɲϣʻؿϢذܡܸΪԼһ
˵ţȻһСġһ˲㼲۹뿪һԲסš
飡
һ죬ֻһֻ˸ߵĴɻƿӼϵ䣬һء
վҲһ
غæƿŵؿʵû°ɣ
û¡
ת͸¶˵ٱ飬ҪȽϵʲգһС㣬м裿
ŵùһأͷġ
ˣˣϽɨһʰɾϾ͵ˣ˴¡ĶŭæԲŽԲ˹ȥ
ɾӱ㵽ˣϻһĵӣȥλ
æصĻ棬ȺԸ
ԭӴ˴дģǳ˵Ĺʾɣвڳ߹٣尲˳ʶʶ尲µġ
ӵϢˡįǿѹƻڵʹרעزҡ
ƹѲϯĻ⽥
ӣ֪Ѧаɣ
Ϥ֣Щš
֪֪ƫ尲£ĻɣǰתʹѦˣβ֪ĪʲôĴԣ
ȣ˵Ҳ֣Դ£ⷲմϵߵ˶ʰһأȴȻӵλޣò⡣
һ˵Ҳô˵ޣεǰǱϧˣ߸˰ɣ⺢˵Ҫڰյһء
˵СϢǿɱ𴫳ȥиڹﵱģѦ˻׼ƺһܣ֮кᵽ⺢ӵ
˶ʱ𣬶ߴ˿˵
ѹһ֮˵˵⺢ӲѦ˵ģ
ϯʱһƬ֮þ˳Է϶ҥԣѦǸŹڣźˣкü٣⼸˫۾ţ˽뿤Ļᣬ͵ˣûһ˿ǰûԷﰡʹ͵ˣû˿͵


68
ɱ˵ܶ⼸˫۾󷽷ȥģΪҵҶ׼ˣ
˵Ҷ˳ԼֶŮޣϲԷһ
˵⣬жʧ磬һ˻ڵ˿ڣǲ㱡ɴγܵס˿ңһӣ˾һ𣬶ʱѪۣ߳
ƽ˳ЭȻһɫϯͨɵһ֪ף֮³žҡҡλεϯϵĻֱҪֹõĽôˣĪֻܺͣ˰ɣ
˸źЦҲһߵʦ顣
æ´ǸūҼղ˼λ˺
ҲæϯȰͣλˣģûʲô棬ŵˣдһƽϣϽ£һ
ȣɲô˵ӵͷãҪȾƣȻˣǾϴϷ˵Բԣ
һ壬ԣǰȼүú㣬
˵õ˵֧֣׳˼֣һǰ
һ׷ױס벻Էʦϳ˵ɫױ䣬ϻҲѷɫӦ˵˼ֻޡĶʣʤ
ū֪Ϸסвʣֻ뾡ⳡ־硣
ãʹ죡˳ž⣬ֻƱǰ
ššüվǰȥΡΡضƱŨҵľһθȥƽһȻѸ
Ҿƹ̵Сšţ˳
æʾŮȥˣŮȻ˳ȥ
˸кãһ˿ϵ˺ۣѪѾʪɴҡҡλ˹ȥһץס
Է˿֮ʵʹ̣סƺһ
Ӵ˻ڵٰʵǲҿǱˣźңʴǣʹ绹һЩ鵤ҩС궼Ҫϣ
ʹĵЩ䣬Ⱦ£һɢˣ
˵Ҫչ֪һƣ
ȫ벻һССʦҲҾܾʱϹҲס̧֮־͸һƣ
ž
Ӧأ߳һ˿Ѫ
˻ǰݵӵӡ
ˡˣѰֵģαظһССʦ
˼ҷ˻˲ס
˵ʱʱ죬һʦϵʦ飬˿֮ٴ
һ˵˼ԲĻһʾ£ŽΧ
ԷûܹίصһΣؼңһ·˼㱣Ĳɡ
Ϊˣһ·ڰο
ʵûͣҲ͡ǰǼţҶ׼ſڵһƢӿ
磬͵ɣˡ
ΣΨĿȥֱʧԺ֮󡭡
Ҷ׼ڷǰ̨ϵ¹¿޷΢ңףڡվǰȥס˫۽ŵӡ
˭ģǲǸˣ
Ҷ׼ص֮ΪǰǸҶ׼ֻˡ
ǲǸˣ
۶ˡ
ţŪҡ
Ҷ׼æɿ̵ؿ
ȴ˳˽ĻȦסϯЩҶ׼ǰЦȻȥһ·˼㱣˽̲סʵţң㻹йŮ𡭡
֪ʲôǵˣɻ̲סҪʣЦԼ
ûС
ȴᶨػش
һ˳ֱֱضƺȷǷѾָֻ߲˼䣬Ϊʵ̫ǰˡ
Ҷ׼ٴνӵ˵ҵǱʶ㣬ûеڶŮӵϢ
ͷһ᲻
ط֮Ҷ׼ִعڵϣҪ԰ڻڴҩžһ߸ݽҩƿɴһߵġ
ƺڸԼ̫˫ֽϾͷðϸ
ʾž£Ȼ˲
ڲɴһ
ǲ¶һĨЦ⣬ĶͷԼĦĶϡ
ϢϤСʱ֪ˣȴôҲ벻ļ־˭
ˣǲ
Ҷ׼䲻طʣЩסˣôھ⣿һȷģŻصǣôΪ
ˣػһˣֺ
ʱššüƿǵǵɫΪʲôô룿
Ҷ׼վߵߣפҲػϡȻһἵʣǵˣͲˡ
ԴԽԽ̹ȻȴԽԽǡ
ô赭д̸Լһ𣿣
ˣЩ
Ϊͺ¶ԴɤҶ׼вӿһۣתɫؿķڱ첽ȥ
ƺͬһ˲䣬Ҳ˹
ɫнӵ
ھҹ̯Ҷٴλصַ
Ҷ廳лδȶڣ˶Ũҵ֬ζУһ̤뿵ַĵؽƲʣԺǵģȰ˵Ȼȥ˵ѧϱɣǼҪ޷ֻýŵظߣʱķӦ
ٴߵԷҶһ½Ŀˣ̧ű߽ȥ
ϴͷܶġʢԻ£æס˵ˡүϴβѾôǰǰ˺ü飬СټûУҪ𣿡
˴ĿӦǿַһ³ǲٷֵĳ֮ءݺ衢񣬼ƾ¶ǣⲻ˻ԸҵĹͷ㣬һǲַ֪¥ݵĶˣ
ԻɻѧæүԶⲻȥ¥Էһ¥ԽʳͶǵԽߣ߾ͲطɫҵȽϡһҲ֪Ҿ¥ʲôƲˡ
ŻȻ򣬷ҶԷȥ
費ԷĵңֻҶһΣͼǵǵòټѧϳ£ȻֳЩӡڼ߽ȥöԴ͵·кˡ
λү룡ϴǸλǹȥţҪʵģܸ˵ûʲô˼ģԸѰӰˣ˵ذżС˸ʰϺþƺòˣٶȤһ᷽ȥ


69
飬ԲһƤ񣬷Ҷº벻ͨΪλϲ·ܲˡ
ѧһЦˣԣҪôˣϲĿɲ飬ǹǵ顣
ѧº㱻̨ϵĸ㲻Ծ̨Ǳ߿ȥ
Զʱһһ
Ҷ忴һۣҡҡͷЦһ£Ҳǰ̨ȥ
Է֣ѧԱߵ˴һ£֪ԭԷĻԵ̨裬ַ֬ۿ͹һж࣬ġ
Źźӵ˾ʮѾߡ֣Ʋšʦʹ˼ҵС㲻¡
ѧϻδ䣬кȻһ󻶺͹̨ϵĻ򿪣ǳʮλųɴİŮӣڶеȡʱһλɴŮӻ趯ת㽫㷢Լϸչֵ쾡£롭
ߡ̻Ůһܺʹ˼ҵСȣԿѹѹȺΨƻҶ壬㽫ѧ˹ߴҶ嶥һ͸ڡ
ѧϿһΪȻӣæ͵Ҳ˵ݵλ˵ų
ѧһ˵ҶҲ࿴̨ϵŮӼֻۣ̺ɴ׵ĳ£΢΢¶һĨ׵ĶǶӯ̬֮Լ͸¶һֻԶ۲֮Уòп˵ȷʵ尲޵š
֮в֪һˣʮС˵Ŀ·֮»̨Ⱥ⡣һʱ֮䣬Ⱥ׶׷׳ꡢ˿ʲӵ˲䱻ȼһʱҪӿ
ѧϽܲסȺֻǣҶԱٵĵطȥò׽˰һȴȺʧأԷܹʮСˣػסҲмܲס
Ҫ˳֮ʱȻмĿͽм¹򣬡ڡһնֱֱҲǸӣֿƿǰļСˣڳһСյأٽһΣಡʩչһСȡǼ׳ʵʵشſڵء
˿׳׷׵ϣ¾ζҳ˿һļӶɢһأ
˴һ׷ܶȥ
벻ֻ˵ĵɽ֮ƣ˵۹ⶼǰĴסʱֽýݵģסƾҪߣ
Ҷעһֱϣ˵Ķù˫ۣǿ֮ʱһѧϣʾ˹涯֣ѧ±Ծ֮ϣֱȥһһ˴ðǣʱᣡ
Ķѣæط
ĸһѾСܸ˹ĿԲصżֵģһ±˶ʮĻԺԼ˽˰ֻ±˸ʵѹȥ
Ӷʱæкֹ輧裬ֶЦˣһѾص˺̨
³Դ׶СͶŹȥˣⳡֻ΢һѣҲ߲ˣɢλϳԺȥ
ѧϼ˹ǸǷ֮أĻ˵Ҷԣ׼뿪
Ȼǰ񣬡ԷĻԺܹܣղмСˮûңҵӢ۳ȣ¶ʤмڶ¥żдλлӢ͸
ܹأ֮ͣлʵͥѵɭϣ˷ү͵͵үֵģһ´үʹол˻ǷǣЩȥΪá
ۼѧϴ˾ҪߣæֹӢ۷ģ³ԷٸҴҥ˵ϯԲãż֮оҪλлӢ۲СҪˡ
ѧҪѣҲ˹ֱҶ˵ӴλСүǳԶٱ㷹ѣαôнأ˵ѾͰ͵ڵˣΪ˼һ棬һǧ𶼲ڻأԼλǴ˳ȥԷķӴ
˵Ҷ߼Ũҵ֬һԵشܵǻӿһθĸоæ˱Դ롣
ȥ߲ˣҶεǾȥɣ¼ͥѵɭϣֻҪˡ
ááã˵ʲôʲôʹ·
æӦһǰ·˶¥ֱһż䡣
źһѾһɫĶԽбб˸٣޵׺˲٣һѧϽϱһĨɫæǰ񣬡ūλ밲
Ҷ忴ɫ֪ѧϸǷӢ۾ѾˣʱȻʧЦ
ѧæһ
ƹѲѧϱϯˣȴһѰס˵ԶȲ裬ֲͺ⼸Ȼζˮƣʲô˼
ǵÿšˮɤѧ϶˸飬æ㿪֣Ƿ
һȥٿǡ
ƣĻ֮һö˿֮żƺ
Ҷ¸̾ͷŻרʦŶӣõȣֱ֮𡣵˶ĿĹЧж˵ĸԼˡѹַӼʹһǧҲҪһ棬Щĵȷһ¥˿ɱġ
Ҫϯ裬ҶȻϯʵ֪ǺηʿСƣĪҲǺʿ
ЦӿūңǺСұôūҿ尲ʿ
С
벻Ҳʶ֮ˣλٵ֪ˣȻԵˣĻⷴ赲ˣ˰ɡ
Ļʦпȥʱһλϯλʦ𣿣
С㡭ûסѿڶ
Ҳһϲ֮ϻˣĻ֮ڹ˿ںɣȫûǵ
ǡ
ǵװ磬֪װ磬˲֪ôƺǣǼ֮£ˮѾۿ֮дת֮Ĺϵ
Щȣվ㶵ؿǣ̶תѧϣһ𰸡
Цˣںݼ¥Сȥɡ
Ҷʱ㣬ŻȻȷʵȥ¥ʱΪ˳⣬вԵȥѦȡ
Ŷ¥Էأԭս尲֮ǰںݹҹơλǹˣȻˣͲżλˡ


70
͡Ƿ³ĵй棬ջǷ糾ˣҪ̶ǵʩ˶ͼ˷롢˿˾ҵ˲ݵΪʹһѧϣҲмԼĽοлвصɷ
֮ʱżڵһߣ˵ɡ뿪֮ʱ̲סٴһۣ¶ʹͲᣬضزס
˵Ҳ˴ʦľɶˡ
ҶӵһѻƽϲĪˡ
㣬С׼ǲǻţ
֮£Ҷ廹û尲Ŀġ
æ˸Ķ˴˵ĵطǻؼ˵
˶ҡżʱ뿪ԷĴţַѾϢ
ȴų˴ţС㣬дλͲ㣬԰żλԷס¡
еУҶһ˿ʣǰ˵ܹܶˣǼλẠ̊́尲ŵĵط˷СҺ뿪ܹġ
΢Ц˵ͷתҶ뿪ҹɫȻʧ
㣬λܹܶİҼλ岻Դ𣿡뿪ַҶڿԷı䣬ĵضȤˡҶ׼ûѾǵĵһ¡
΢΢һ֣ؼҺɲҪᣬϲ
ţ
˶٣ɫЩ׼֮ʲôǵˡԡҶ׼һ㷴ӦҲûС
Ҷ𾪵ͣס˽Ų˵ʧˣ
ؿܣȻؼҡѧϣܣǧҪβ档
ѧϵͷ˼ӿ˽ŲβСԺȥ
Ժǰ̨׵Ҷ׼ٿȻվضˣЩ˭û
˼Ҷ׼ȻϲȸԾҶСǰһѽס
Ҷ׼󾪣æƿ־ֵֿؿ
žѾȼõ𣬳شҽáҶȵлָŮҴ磬ϣܻҶ׼һ˿䡣
ȻûʲôáҶ׼Դ͵ģҶмȾϲѹ
壿
̽ԵؽҶ׼еھţʶ֮ʱôƺġ
Ҷ׼ƺ΢΢˼˼º͡
Ҷϲ㣬㿴ǵң
Ҷ׼Աߣ˵ţҪȻطϢɣҽ˵˵һ˯ڷ䣬¾ܺҾˡ
ط˯ƺЩţ֡
Ҷ忴˳ꡱһЦ˳û˿ɰ˵Ҷ׼壬ôôˣ뿪һСᶼ𣿡
Ҷ׼¶ɫɿ֡
ҶˣЩϢɡž飬㰲һ·䣬طСҪίѧ˯һ
ްްѧﶼ˯ã
ߡ˯Էɡ
䲻һ䣬ѧЩګԵҵؿһ۶žæͣУٴȤˣСү״
һЦžȴͷ
쵽ɫֻܱ̾ѦѶžѧǫžӣʱ̹˶ѧϵ⡣ֻѧ֮ԵѦҿһѶ£ѧ÷һ𳤴˵Ѱ㺣ʹĳȫʲô취
ž飬һ˯ɡᡭٰѧһűӡ
ס֣Ρ
žмصͷ˸԰á
Ҷºȴ˯⣬Ҷ뵽Ҷ׼¹ʲһ⣬Ҳʼٸߵ˿
Ƕˮڶʹפݳֻʮǰֵĵط
㣬˼Ҫֹǣݳ﾿ʲôЩ˼ɵ
ڴ׼Ѿʧȥ˼䣬Ҳ޴ӵ֪ˡ֮Դ׼뿪ݣһķأҪӵĺ˾ΣȻĿֹݳǣǱȻѾݸ޵˱뿪ǸΣ֮ء
ϧѾûˡ򻹿˵Ĳе顭Һã˻һҵףǲΪҩķ㣬ԷǸطҲҪȥˣᵽ尲ǽķһסɣȻһӵĴˡ
ΪѣܲȥԷȻǲȥĺáֻܴ尲ǸɫɫϢǺ·ѰҸ塣Ѿҵʦйϵ尲ңֻҪ˳ߣȻҵһӴ˵˿ġ
ǡϾǷ֮ء尲ϵر̺֮࣬ٲһЩĹҲȥѰ֣һϳ㣬ϢִѦȶǺã
Ҫ˵ǰһᵣģˣҾȫˣΪʹʲộ׼ҲչˣûʲôɹҰġԡѴ׼ͶžӵǱߣһͿˡ
ҾӦҪһߣҪһҪȥԷߣǾѧϽ㣬Ѿ϶ںݵľɿͣɵġң㿴ģÿ𡭡
Ҷ׼ŵӣ΢΢ȴһĨҸЦ⡣
Ҷ巭˸Цʲôʱ׵ģ
Сʱ򡭡ȽϸӣԺл˵
ǡǲǾͿ쵱ˣ
ʱߺ죬æϣûһƲ£㣬λˣо
ҶϵĹʶʱɢļͷ֪˵Ӳģȷʵм֮ףԡ
⡱һ£ϯϵԻڶıʱɢһ⣬ӻ˭ģ
ԼĶҪɤۣЩԣİɡ
û˵ʲôҲ֪ɣ˵úøӣ͵Ƕı𡣡
˵Ҷ˳ѦкҶ׼ĶԹ
ԭˡȻԭǰһʶ˵ЩԲСݡ
ϸʣתͷҶѾ˯˹ȥֻգذҴñӣ¡
ЩҶ׼йص鲻Ժ֣׷ɱԹӡһ˯ҲûУǱɫԺо߹ʱȴûѧϵټƣȻһ˴ӱסڱǣһߡ
󾪣
Ҷˣңѧϣ
˵ѧϱ㽫ɿ
ͷһȻѧϣǡ
꣡ѧʾС˵ѾΧ˾ʮҶǸ֣ſȫˡ
ùңȰʹ׼ߣ


71
Ҷ˷ģûǸز˴ַ尲ĵشҲҹȻӲҲϵڶҶ֮֡ȵҹ˾**˯֮СС㣬˴ڣ
侲һᣬȻһţԺԱһլԺĽֳģһլԺ֪ͬ
޷ͨѲҡǷͷǽѣȻȥ򿪲ţԱߵԺ
ʱȻһҶ׼Ȼʧ䣬ǶΣյźŻһ񣬴ʱץ֣
Ĵ£뿪СԺһӣɴʱѱգǶ޻ӻλڳǽլԺ¶⣬վǻᱻ˷֡
ڽ֮ʱƻ֮ԷΪڽʹԹԷԼڳǽıԷ֮䣬سǵʿϤ棬ԽԷΪɣӦÿԱܿ飬˳ǡ
Ψֻ֮ˣѧϤȻܽһи֮ˣҲڿ֮Уããҹɫһ·Էš
֮ʱȾϲ⣬֮½һѱס
硭㴭ƿ
ѵ㲻ǡ
磬ˣɷŮӣΥ
ЦԼҲǣŮӣԼģҹˣΪˣ
ʵǼλҷںһ̵Ĺˡǵ̺ܳȺƲıʱ衣ұΪ̺ŶûˣӦûŹǣǾɱ׷尲ҪǸϾɱڣɱѾǼſڣǺòײӳġ
ʱˣȶ㵽Էٰ뿪
УһԷĽþͲˣڻϣܰǳǣ尲ǣ֮ǵ֮ءܾˮ겻ʤм˵㡰ͨһ
Ȼӣ˰ߣһͷӦ
尲ǽ̤ڰأԷĶͣ඼Թ󣬲ɮ濴棬سǵʿ᲻ӣһ˵ԷĹʿصͷһӺһǳǡ
أͣ˹ٵһƫƧСϡ
˵Ҷˣ˵尲⣬ǼߣɵǽĴˣճƷУܷ㡣
³Ҷ׼䲻ģջǷȥ
ʱҲ˵̫࣬˵һЩл֮뿪Ȼǰס
Ǹ⣬ӵûоܾӵڻþòԸ֡
ǽƿһءصѧһ˦δܿʧһƬãҹɫС
ָ·ҶӽЩԲˣֻٴͣ¡
壬ôˣ
ɫɫ԰ף亹ֱðд󾪣˳֣ӡ
֮󣬷£̥δȶ
壡ԣ˵㲻֪Լˣ
ּ֪ô˵źá
ûµġżľŵ塣
ᶼֹؿ
ã׷ˣѧϵæرһң֪Ǻá
ǵĿӦ׼ǷֿߣҼ뿪˵أǾ͵Σȶߡ壬׼Ͷž飬Ͱˣ
տҶ壬벻仰Ѷһ˦Ӽ۶ȥ
㣡ѧϡȥ׷
Ҷ帹кȻһʹҧ´Լʹ
ɵڵصҶ壬ѧΪѣ֪߻
žСľٶּعżҪҶ׼һﻹҶ׼Ӱ
ˣүأүȥˣ
Ҷ帹ʹͣ˵Ŀδ뿪㣬ӦһҪ׷ѾĻصϡѧϣǴеֿ뵺ʱҲ˹Ľ飬ΣڵϦǲȡ
ѧϼۿѣսȭͷתԺͶž˵ԡž飬ٷ˾Ͱˣ˵ű뿪ּľʩչṦ׷ȥ
ƥ˾ʧ˷һֱ֮תȦѧϾӸ£ܿҵǣϹȥһֻҶ׼Ѿڼʻλرס
ҶˣǰΣգ
ǰһƬ£ʱҪܾͣƥǲܣ鼱֮ѧϹϵػӽնƥͽ֮ӴȻԼѪ֮ӲԾǰĽǰ
顱һ죬ƥѾ׹µ̶
ͣ±ߣҶ׼ˡ
ѧϣæϹȥŵز鿴˿ڡ
˻عʱʮϢΧ
ѧϰҶ׼ؾ
Ǿ˭
ûиѧϴ𰸣ѸٳУкֱҪ
ѧٺҲѲڣһҪҶ׼İΣŲֽţֻսˣһֱƵ±Ե
ۼҪ֧Ҷ׼ȻһǲҪɱǾµҰɣ
תһȻԥ£
ţʹһɵظȥ
˵ľٶסһˣ׷ͣжؿǰ
顱顱죬Ӧ׹̶
ѧϹ±ߣ˫ͨشһȻҲһԾ£
ѧҲȥΪ׵æϵ±߲̽ƺжϴ˴׹µΣԣȷϼཻܺһȻѸ뿪˴˵ء
Ҷ˸ϵʱ΢һѪսɽԾס
̲Ѫֻʣ±׹µĺۼ
žԽŵĴһҶ̱±ߣʧȥ꣬뺰ȴһֻʣ༸ɳƵʡ֧Ųסȥ
ٴ֮
ƺѦеףôء˵尲ڳˡ
ٶһӣСһ˺Ѱʹ˲䴫кȻʲôۿеˮȻ
壡ѦмСӿһʹæȥرס£ȥˣһˣ
Ϣ
Ҷץסļ򣬷ʹޡ
֮ʱҶ׼ѣ䣬ǰͻⳡ⽣Ӱı֣֧վǸԵʧȥӹȻѦбܵǣҶܵĴˡϵʹվȬϵʹŸġ
ԭѧ׷֮ʱѦзɸ봫飬Ѧ֪վ󲻹һ뿪˳ˡΪҶͳǷ֮ػȫ˭֪˲ң֪ˣͲ뿪
ѺѦбظιҩҶȴƿ֣һգգضʵȥµҹ𣿡


72
Ѧеͷ죬ǹִذ͵ߣҶ޷ֻ¡
һĵĿɬζʱǻҶ˳
Ѧššüһ´ߵҩ֭ҹˣټǶѣûһҲ
Ҷһץס֣ŵض˵ǿܻţ
Ѧгûιһףѹ˵ѧϵˮ֮ϣûκһˮѵҹƣ̶֪ȥģһȥȴ׼Զ׷ɱ
Ҷ˫ۿ棿
Ȼ档
Ǹŵڿɳһ㣬ɸеʹȴԽԽٺһҩܲסڴֱð亹
Ѧæҩŵһߣٴη£ǲظգҡҲ뿪˵ġ
Ҷס֣ˮԲ𡭡ûܱסǵĺӡ
Ѧšüû㣬ôԼˣ֪ؿܿȴΪ˵ֱͷλҪܡ
Ҷۣô˵˼ְοתͷȥơ
Ѧмһ˿۵ĿЦĴ꣬±˵Բ𡭡Ҳܿˡ
˵õͬʹ࣬ҩζȻҲҪͬе
ɤҶˮٴζ
˺һᣬѦеסĶͷޱѹ˵壬л£û尲̫ã⴦סҵģȽأӦöᱻۣ֡һż˵ʮ¾ͺˡڼмǲ̤˵ذ벽¾ͷԸԣᴦġ
С׼ǡ
ңѧڲµġ
ʣҲʮȷʱȶҶĲ롣
Ҷһ˫նĴ۾ձ۵˵ͷܿۿ˵ҪӦһ£ȥ캣۵鳤Ӣ˵вʦӵ漣Щ漣˿Ҹӿ֪һЩͽ١
֪žѾ˵ˣԻᰲŵģġ
У˴λȥǲΣաΪС׼ΣԴҲһΪС׼彭ѣһֲ߻ģ忤ǰֱȴȻɱֶС׼׷ᣬ˵⣬Ǿ˭ǵĿǲҲ㡭
Ѧнο壬룬˳ӽ£ǳ͢ƷԱ˱£û˶ң㵣ĵ
УҺûںݵʱ֮Ȼᣬȴúڡ
˵ݣҶȻѦеĸףиǱݣӦĸףһӣڣȴְ⺢ӸŪˡ
ôһ˵ѦиܣæοģҵֻҪŬܻеġ
Ҷ뵽Щ˵ġŬʱߺŲ˵
ѦдӺ뿪֮ǰѦٴζչ˺Ҷ壬Ե˵ͷЩģǰ˵үܾǱˣҶһֱصúúõģ粻£ǰŲҵɱֺž͵ˡ
ҲŰתˣܡõĲǣ֮ΣҪʹ׼İȫ˴Ƨ뿪֮£Ժָ纣ȥߣڲҲûãʮǰʦԪΪס֮λıǸˣӦþӵĹŵӺ棬ͽֿ˺ּӦûºڵټЩѾ纣ˣϵ
֣صص˵ͷĺɫѦ뿪
Ҷ׼ıӰεѦоȻȫˣԶƫ̻¼ʹڳɵԶ۲ԣɲܣڳϲĵزѦС
Զ۲Ѧɵģݾ˶Һȣ͢⽫䳹ײͼΪҵֱϽһݸս±޿ɱܣѿ֧
Ҷ׼ѦУлδȫƽ׼ߣƽ׼ǹһԴҶ׼ֻʣѦһˡ
֪Զ۵˼ǿֶƾѦҵһλſѦkͼѦеְƹʡ
ͬΪѦﱲܼͬΧѬȾѦkв˾ԼµѾǵé®ķ֮ڳпڽԱ
еڳҪѦ
ۼöԶƺ¶ҪѦж֣͢δƷ˶ڶʹȱĻºΣΪƽ⣬ԶټѦk˰ŵԸΤ任˸λãΤתδ䣬Ѧkת̫䡣
ԬδΤʮǰ尲ǽٰľ֮оϵ̰Ѱֲ鴦Ľ飬˵Եַǳ˷ڴµͷ˶⡣Ԭ಻úԵΤʺ򻧲ΤӦʱ͸¶һ˿֮˵̬ơ
ΤӦʱԬΪԶ۵ĸټѦkĵְһֱĴ£ƺϢѾԶջСֲ͢һϴơ
ѧʧ٣Ҫһ翸ѦеĲΣսæµжž飬԰ֵһЩչҶΡ
¹ȥҶ𽥺תȴûҶ׼˵ϢǷ֮£ֻ鷿ⲽȺԶԳӢĵ
ϸ֮£ԭӲȫ鷿īֽⶼУϾɵʹúۼѦʱģһð£˳ڴɨϡ֮ʣʼ鷿еһЩ鼮һȾڼӴɨ鼮ȴѳ⣬Ӧò
һǰʿŷ־׫дμǡйСǡӳǱ鰲ܵһ䣬Ʊ䣬ȴлż˷߹ȥ򿪡
鱾һŷƵż㣬Ҷ򿪣ֻоּдУɵ˳




Ҷ˼飬ӱʱ뵽һײͷСʫӡ衢ȡģүѦɹ󣬱Ӻ裬ǰλӦүˣ˭ŵּӦһŮӵĻţ㽫ԼϲֽߵԾȻֽϣĪǡүˣ
һһ֣ﻹм
뵽ѦȻȻҶȻЩ߷߲ƽתһ룬˵ุɼѦҲʲôöǰ㣬ǰ֪˭
һ˼֮ѦĪǹҶԼҲĻƣżŻУԭŻ֮ϣطͷ˯


73
ˡˣ
˯ŲãҶ屻һ󼱴ٵĺѣۿȥȴղԣʱ˼֣ǰЦ˵ɻˣҪôղţҪôղæʲôҲ˵ô
һߣϲ˵ˣڵټҵˣ
ҶͶžһæ۾˵Ŀӵͽڵ
ǣ
ںδ
ںδö֪ˣΪѾõ˺ڵʦ֣ҲֿѺּ˵˵ʮǰһηĸ۹ҵ˾ݴǵõӵĹŵӺ棬ɷǣʮָܿһͽҲΪ
ǡ볤Ӣкιϵ
ûǴĻԪͽϵ
˵Ҳɣ浽۲ã۵סֱˣʱߣסֵĲѡǳӢʦԪ꣬ͽ֮λģۼԼֵıҪߣһݣɱ۵ӶߣͽӢʱɽΪڸʦжȥġ
ѹӵĵ漣ǴӺġ
ӵõģֻӵϸ֦ĩڣĺöԼأҺǸգĶһһʮϸϸţǼ֮̽ڷһʮǰдţ˵ٹʷµ̶ߣȴ˲
µ̶ߡ尲ƽ̹и£µб̶ĵطӦò࡭ѵǣ
ҶһǸҶ׼ѧһʧĵط
Ҷ弤ͣһµ˴Ҫ³š
ԺͶžæֹˣҪȥģүʱ뿪լӣ
µ̶ߣ尲еڶطԣѵʱ㻹ס
ԼʹôסҲΥү
µײкڣС׼ǡǻţʱһҲۿ޶ԣ
ˣѧʧѾ࣬Ѿ⣬ȥҲͽͣǰȫҲںٵʮ¡طүҵģҺѧǰ֪ǿѾˣֻҲǡѧϿ϶֪ԭסַѾ¶ˣٻģҪģǸҵ
Ҷ侲˼һᣬԵȰ棬ֹסǰеĽŲ
ȴӿǰֹգڴµ׵Ϣ
µ׻̣˵ںѧϵˣֻ޶ûС
֪಻֪ټʯ󺣣š
ҶϣԽʧԽĿʧ֪Լô졭
**չȥҶ˯ԽԽǳµյʮ֮ҹλε¹͸ҫڹĵϣεôҲ˯šǱ͵͵ԺͶž˯֮ʣǱ˷ţ׼뿪լӡ
Ҫȥ̽ǻҪ֪
Ҷʰһ£ߵ˺Ժ׼ں뿪
߹ȣȻһӰҶ廹ûӦ㱻Էס˿ڱǣϽ˺Ժһ
Ѧв˵ﰲȫԴ𣿣
ҶһƬհףʶȴ˵ơ
кȻ˽ſҶ־£æعȥ
壿
ҶֱԼ۾
ǰ֮Ŀ桢ţǸնֻһǵĳţ
㲻Ǿ塭ǡС׼壡
ǰ֮˽һЦ£Ҷ׼Ѧˡ
ҶԼͣԼгӯϲˮ黬ӡ
Ҷ׼⸱־ϲӣȻ뵽ѻУ㵣̥æǰȥᱧסϸؽͣҲãø㿪Ц**֮ʱɿӷгһʱ𣬱ϲˣˡ
Ҷ׼ǿ޸ͣæԼ£ˣҪǿ޻ѦпɲŹң㣬ҲԼĺӰ
˵ӣҶƲסߵӰԽԽܡ
Ҷ׼ʱˣȻӿһȺˣϸ֮£ѧϡԺͶž飬ˣ
Ҷ˶첽ǰӵס˶ԷҲ̲ס˳
濪ʼʧء
ѧϸϽǰȰολˣ˴˵ĵط˵ɡ˵ſҶ׼һۡ
Ҷ׼⣬ǰֿˣһá
֮Уһ֧΢
ѧϳȥѲһȦȷû˸Żڡ
⾿ô£ѵֻһ˱ڹ𣿡Ҷ̲ס
ϢŭĲ֪
Ҷ׼һЦ̶˵壬ִңĲ֪ԼҲ벻ѧôƽµձҵ
ԡ֮ǰһֱµףȥ̽µһټҲûа
Ҷ㶵صؿԣ۾ٴȷԼ˵
ܿټɱҲܣԣֻܵԼˣµԭеĻһҲƻ

ȫڴʦµʯߡ
Ҷ׼һ˵˴󾪡
ڴʦ˵ͽҲ֪ˡɽ£ǲѧϣ벻ɵϣȻ
Ҷ׼۲ؿ֮л𱸡
ĿᶨػӦЦЦס֡
ҺѧˮԹӲӲҺק˰˵ţҶ׼ѧϱ˸ȭѧϣڶξҵˡ
ѧǫһ׻
ļ䡭
˵ɡؽӹ⣬Ҷ׼ˣӴҲûʲôκˡ
׼֮ǰʧ䣬ΪˮർͷѪٵ̶忪˳Ѫø
ҵãΪȢ㡣
Ҷ׼ؿ˵˵
˶ʱЦˡ
ʱͨ죬ߵرͷȥ
Ҷ׼ЩѾôܣ˵Ů֮ʼջǻδ°ɬÿμ⸱ģҶ׼ѦȵǶʷǷĴڹ
ˣǸ˵˺ڴʦʯߣĪѾҵ˼ˣҶҶ׼֮ǰ˵ĻżʵѾҵ˺ڣҶ׼оˣ
첻ҰɡѧϰҺһ죬֮Լָ˼䣬ϲ֮ǱѰ·尲ɱҲѾµףеĳ·رǲӡ
þ˾գðһ亹Ǻء
ǰû취ˣǲܰԼµסѧ϶ˮ˽⣬뵽µ׼Ȼ˿ˮı̶ǱȻԴԴϵĻˮˮ·Ǳг·Ѱڷһ٣֮Ȼж죬һ͸ʯߣ
ǺڴʦӵĵطǿˣҶ弱ʴ𰸣Ͼ漰Ҷ׼


74
ĪʾΪǣߵ£ǣְονڴʦʵʯ֮Сǣȴ˱ѧ
Ҳ˵ܻΪȢʵڴʦȻںҩʯ֮ǹڸɬѶһҽδᣬʦӵľԴʦһͬǳ£ѧҽͬŶ͸˺ڵˡ
Ҷ׼ôһ˵˸߸Ĳ˵أһ
Ҷ־ϲæʵ˵С׼Ӧްˣ
һûϸɾҽδлҪȥ̾ԴʦָӦþܴˡ
ҵò߶žԴʦһôһܲеģʱٶϸҲ޷
Ҷ׼һЦؿ
ˣҺǶû£ȻҶҪѹˡ
塭ס֣Һʹ׼Ҫھˣ¡ž鶼ˡԲ𡭡
Ҷ죬ͷ˵û¡ֻǾЩԲѦϷˣǰԸϣкиӣҡ
ҶȻӣҶ׼Ҳ**֣üͷ
Ҷһ˯Ҷ׼ȻᣬջǷС
ڴ˵ѦϷˣҶ鷿пֽż㣬ʰ̵ʱǷʶˡ
ҲɣʶѦ֮ûһĵģʶҲǺҲͬǵ䣬֪ģ֪ǲλ֡
ͷ˼һᣬЩϤӦġ
𣿣ú룬ܡүйء
үйءүһأһŮ֮¡ġġһʱ벻ˡ
˵۳λĹүĹϵ򵥡ҶһᣬջǰԼ鷿֮˵˳
д£ҲЩģˣٿһֽż㣬˵ּұӡءϾѦ꣬ڼϷ˺һЩ£ٵּһϵһЩġ
ãٿ
˵Ѧ֮£ҶȻһģºʵ㣬Щ¡Ҳ֪òʡ
ʲôòõģʰɡʲġ
ʲôʲô㲻ǡС׼𣿡
ʱסʲôʵģ
˵ģĽǣһһһ˫ˡ
ôкͿ𣿡
ҲǰɡǱ²ûнǵĻϵϣǰޡ
ǿĺӡ˭ģ
ѦмᶨΪģǱȻɡϯϵԻڶҶ׼ģָΣ
ҶЦ˭ʲôϵأһ𡣶ҡô֪һģй֮ס
ϵɫȻмȻ϶ģͱȻɣЩ¡Ҳ֪òø˵ʵĴ̣вֶΣԡ
ָЩŮӻеҩҲ֪飿
֪ǲҲ֪ԼѦùЩҩҶĶʱɤۣѾǧٿףپЩļ尾
ЦռҲ̳Щ᲻ֻ֪ǳʼ֮ʱҲ֪ѦϰˡԪۣԴʦβ֮ʱҵ쳣ϸ֮²ŷ˲סѦõҩһ壬ҿܣѻԼĺˡ
Ҷ塰ڡֱ־ŭ۾ôᡭ
ҵĽɡЩܰһ׼ҶԸܡ壬ǰǸӣǴ׼ģ㡭
ʲôҶЩЦãǲܵģҲ˵С׼Ѿ㣬ʹû㣬ҲӵˣɿǸ˻ĺֵܡ
ʶ֮󲻾ã֪Ǳ˵ô
Ҷʱƿԣֵ֪֮ʱ˵ɥȴ֪ô
£ڻ˵ԷЩԣȻȫţǿѨ磬ҲδȫȻǼ١壬˵ģǴ׼ģչ˺лᣬһߵġ
㡭ˡ
Ҳ֪ʼҲ׼һôĲܸһӣƽ
ҶٴʹĳĬ֪ԼҪôοһĲ²֤ʵģԼҲ޷ѦкҶ׼ˡ
ƣڱǺľľջ˯˹ȥ
һ磬Ҷ˯ûϴһ£ŵ뿪䣬˭Ϸһ򿪣㿴ſڵҶ׼һ
С׼壡ϵһԵ˼ſڣ֪˵𣿣
ʱˣأûô˵
ҶֺֺЦһ϶ȹȥˣôһʱô
㻹˵СʱǺ«ˣڳ˾ҵˣǡԽԽ޷졣
ˣʲôˣҿû˵үƸˣΪ˼ҺһҶ˾Ҷˡ
δҶ׼ŵģҶĶ𣬺Ͼؿ
彭߰ݹصʽޣ˵ʲôˣڸүƸ񡭡ֲǸ㣬Ҫġ
ˣһ仰ʵԴ𡣡
ʲô
ǷޣǾ͸øʿ빲벻˵ΪһŮ᲻Ȣ
˳ڣҶȴЩˣһҶ׼ĻشеԤ𰸣ǸΡ
硢ûãͲؼڻش𡭡ҡҲǺһʰˡ˵Ҷתߡ
վסȥģ
ȥԺͶž׼š𣿡
Ҷ׼Сšü˵ѦҵЩ£㾿֪٣
Ҷһת㡢֪
Ԫ֮ѦȲֹһθҽĹȥĿľ̼ңҪҷ֡Ҷ׼˫ۣҧأǿѹԼŭ⣬ÿ˵һΣҾɱһΡһΡ
žһæȥ
ֻϣ룬ϵһء
ԭǵĶԻˣҶ׼һʹæǰԼ
㡭ҶҲⳡٿת˳ȥ
ȥˣӽңǰ£͵һجΣˣ
ɣؿ׼Щ¡㶼֪


75
Ҷ׼Ĭһᣬ֪Ҳã˵ͷѦΪ֮ұ㣬ֱԲ
ץס䣬ֻһı쳣ܣӹᴥʹҡ
ȻȻ˵óڣ
ϾȻ֪ܵˣֻüȱ裬ֵҶ׼ǿסݣ̧ͷؿʵ㡭㲻𣿡
ʳ仰ƺǹ˱˫ۣ˳߻䡭
Ҷ׼æ±˵ϼұϵ㣬־ġҲǰΣֻҪԺΡ
һᣬ̾һҺʶôãദôãֻҪ룬ͲʳĻ⣬һ𣿡
һֲԳҺѦȲϧ㣬ҾҪһˡͳ㣬պһ
ᶨɵĻǿСˣ뵽Ѧȶ£ֲЩ£˫ֲرҶ׼
ֻԸ˺޲ˣЯֹںеȻãûҲûʲôĺڣҲĵˣһ²һ¡
Ҷ׼δ䣬ͻȻżס죬ҲӶࡣ
Ҷ׼ÿаһЦãŬһֱûУǾŬһӱŬ
Ȼܱƫʱߺ죬Ļܳȥת֮ʣҶ׼׼ʱڱһѱסڶ˵ʵʱرѦ˵Һһ𣬲ҪЩĶܵõµĻ䡣޷ģø˵
ôһ˵СʱʺΣһѣҲƵ˳ȥ
ıӰҶ׼һЦʱãνġ¾áɡ
֮Ҷ鷿֮Уֽżݸ
ӹʱʱ󾪣⡭ⲻѦϷ˵ּ𣿡
ҶҲʮ־ȣæ׷ʵȷѦϷˣ
Ѧȳ֮ʱ˼͸һԳ¼ķ𾭣Ȿҿʮ飬ϵġ
˵үͷˣҲйʱ򰡡˶ˣôһԹż󡭡
żѦϷˣҶܾȣѦҵļѦүѦƺò룬˿ȷˣѦүѦȻ㹻أȴ׽Ѧү˷ҶӣѦүסãסãѦү󲿷ʱ䶼סԼãżᵽ﷿УޣΣ֮ʮ¶ѦүѦһڷ߳
ʵѦϷǺܺõһλ봾ǰ¡ʵ֪ģȴûΪѹҡ֮ѦìأҽΧϧǶүֹˮΪһڼ޹ص粨
Ҷͷǿϧˣȴ顭˵Ҳ֣⴦լۡүʱ
ĪѦҵĲҵ
ѦҵĲҵҲص̫ˣѦʮѧϺԶ֪˵طѦҪţҲ֪ʲôġ
ꡱһЦܰʲôģ㻹˽ݲؽɣҪ˵ѽǰҲ֪լӡѦˡ尲һĲҵ궼үѦ̳ˣڴн֮ǰ尲û֪Щҵ
Ҷתһ룬⻰Ҳ޵ŷǡ
ҶҶ׼˲Ҫ˶尲ϽǵլۡЩƽӡʱֵˬʣůգҶ彥Щõ˳üƽ˼ֳ죬ָֻǰԵõӡ
ӵǹڣЩ˼ѦС˵ѦͷţżȵϻأҶ׼⣬ЩĽˡ
ʱ䣬ѧȡѦеķɸ飬ǣλصһǽҶ׼ġŵҶ׼ɫ糣ƺ׼ǶźɫǲԾ
֪Ѧб½Ҷ׼ŵķΧҲɲҶͷԷ
ҶͲסҶ׼˵пǽʲôҪ£Ǳˣòѵʲôǲܿϲô
Ҷһ˵Ҷе꣬Ҷ׼
į֪úͽΣأҶ׼ѦпܶѲˡЩӵĻε߶˵ڣڣҲֻܳĬ
Ҷ׼꣬һ˺̾˿ʵҲûʲô˵˶ͭZѾȥˣʱһϱƿɡ
ʲôȻҲȥ˶Ҷ⣬ںŪң
ѦﶮɿұͭģҲֻZˣŪ㡣ҳ͢ץͭȴ˵ӣ˽Ӫմ˵尲һĹ⡣һ**ʱټ**֮㽫ɿұͭҷΪϱһ׼ͭӪҼչ⡣ڹرͭ󣬺շת˻ʺ¬Դ¬ұ¢˹رͭ󿪲ɺұرͭǴҵĲͭأ¬˸һ
ǧǧΪδзҪ¬û˲Ҫǿͷóסˣʲô˵˿ҳ˿Ҳ԰
Ҷ֪Zһұ¬Ⱥһ£¡
Ҷ׼ҡͷЦʲôԼ˵˲㣬˵˲㡭͢ջͭ󿪲ɺұȨһˣ֮ǰСǵһ¬ƹˤͭ˾ͻ᳹׶ҡʹͭǮг˶ͭλѾ̣̽ܿѡ
ҶؿҶ׼ʳĵʵĻǾ˭ˣ忤Ǳ¡
벻Ҷʵֱףæ˳䣬ʾСĸǽж
Ҷ׼Ʊһ֪֮ȴΪĴɨϰ忤Һʹо֮ȴΪıͬģ¸Ǹ߹ٺ»ٻȻҲҪȡʲôҺʹ˭ˣ˵ģ֮ɼ
ԣһҪ𡭡ѾΪһˣѾǷʲôˡЩ߹ٺ»ٻǲҪ𣿶ңҲ֪㻹ţȫӵģ
һʼûо͢һʼûнܱµĸ߹ٺ»ٻǿԣڣԣΪѾѲڱѾˣǴлڡĽҪͷƲ´Լң壬𣿡
Ҷ塰ڡվЩǻ˵Ȼ봾ѣҲȥҪˣ׷尲кʱ㵫е紵ݶھ¶𣿣Ҫи̣ô죿
һȫ֮ߣ


76
ʲôȫ֮ߣȥ˶ΪǸʲͭ󣬱жııֻû˵ˣȻȸ˵˵ΪʲôЩɱһҪֹݳǣ﾿ʲô˼ɵģ
ۼ˾Ҫ̲סôˣúõһűǽ͵÷ҲԲɡҲ˵ɣǲԣѧҲҪ԰
ѧһæ˵ǳԲʲôҪǵ²źá
Լĺĺæһţʾ죬Ȼת˵ʵȥ˶ҲһҪҶȥҺѧȥҲ԰뵺ʱүү벻Ҷֲ棬ҺѧϱװϵĵңҲŪȥô
ʱ˵һ֣԰ôû뵽ͭĴ£нӦòѣѧѦ֮ʱҲʶѦͭж̩˵Ĺزڻ¡Ǳ߻дڱıѧֻҪװ磬¼ɡѧ¶棬ʶ˶͸ˣѧϷܻ˵Ŀ⡣
Ҷ׼Ҷһ˵ŷ¡
侲˵ϸһ˼ԵļƲ߲޵ͭһ׵£Ҫдʽ֧ţ˾ǵҵף˶ûﵽĿģô죿˵Ҫ֮һǾҪͷˣ˶ȻҪȥ˵ģҲҪ尲ӽĶ֮Уȡһʡ
ǳӪҵĴϻŮӣ⻰һӮ˵ͷǡ
һѧϺԱ㲻ͬʱ뿪ˣ尲̣ٻҪһ˵͵ӣ纣뵺ˣܸҲûȫӦ尲£˱ҪһҶͷ˼һᣬȻһѧϺͶžȥ˶ϴУ尲زپҵ
ѧϺͶžһסˣʶؿ˶ԷһۣѸٵظԱͷȥЩ˼
ԲžٽӴ£²ֽ·ǵﲻѧϣ˴еĴơ
Ҷ׼Ȼϣ˵öԣѧȥ˶Ҿ尲ûȷϰȫ֮ǰҺ¶棬ľֻʣˡľӪͷҴӲɣȴز죬µǲմߣҪһϤ˴ԵǣߣˣĪ˶Ǳ߶ˣȷʵһλϸĵŮӴ㣬ԡ
Ҷ׼ôһ˵ԼƺǷ߲ɣžżؿС㡭
˶סž鷢˫֣ѧ˵ҪζᣬҪ˵ѧϡԣô
ԵʮֱˬֱԵҶ˵İʲˣͬҪžѧȤ֮Ĵӣ˳ٶչһ
ѧϾȻЩˣž˵žɲѧһɡѧ϶Ȼϸϣһ˿һˡȰ£һʱҶߡ
ִȤ˫ص˺ˣڰѧϵæˡ
žʱС糺죬߲˵
ҹĻ٣Ҷ屻еС԰˵˼ĻҶŻȻԭžˣȻѧϡҶȷʵ˽ѧϺǷлԼʹУѦҲδ
ûУҪѧϺԶԶԷǷкøУкøУǼʹûлԼҲܲɢһˣûУǼʹлԼҲԴѧϺͶžĺ¡
ѧϺͶžܿҪˣ²Ժܱ޷ءҶ忴ææ׼ź˯µԣҪʵڴ¡
һɵؿҶ壬֪¡
ԣʵѧϺͶžһȥ˶ûʲô뷨еĻ¸˵һŵġѧȥʵҲûģҺչ˺
ˣ˵ʲô
ҵ˼ǣΪԼˣѧǸӣѲҲãȻͶžһȥ˶
һʱЦ˳ôô롭
Ҷ巴ЩˣǶѦҵļӣѵѦҵĳûиѧ϶ʲôԼ֮ģ
Һѧ϶Ѧҵļûϰ߸ӶָҲûһұǶүǱߵ˰үټǨˣҸ᲻뿪ݣתүµġʱǼҺʹү˶̫죬ûģ׵¡
ǡҲ˵Լɡѧϣʲô뷨𣿿ɲҡ
Ц˺һͣ£ˣүɳѧϵĺ߲ûаɡΪү֪ҺûжŮ˽飬ֻ̹̹塣
Ҷʱɵˣ˵ҿǺǢӣΪ
ΪҺʲôˡʵأѧС㸸ĸ˫ǳѦҸԺ˵İټҷġүļλүүһ۾ѧϣѧлᵽѦլסʱԼСҲҪչˣүҸչҺȻȻؾͳˡ
ҶȻ򣬼ȻѾȷ̬ȣǿѧûжŮ˽ˣˣɷѧžɷչܲܳɣȻǿ컯ᵽѦͼ϶žѧǫʱ˽һѧǫΪˡ
ǡѧǫأҲǴүԼѡģ
ǿɲǣǸӣôҪöӺѡѧǫѡүҪġǸϹܼҵ׵ĳС㱻óԺúȹŵģʹûլź򣬳˿϶ҲѦҵĲҵıݺò¡
Ҽ޵Ѧҵʱ򣬺ûλϹܼҰ
˵λϹܼң̫үߵˡүҪغݾ̣̫үģرλϹܼչģ˵Ҳ̫үһˡϾϸ㣬ΪأȴֲСڣүѸ︮ģҶڳޡͦϧģѧǫѡ˴үĸû͹ˡҪǻڣѧǫֻһ
Ŷʲô˼
үϹܼͬһ˼ҵļӶ̧ģ˵үָλС޸ѧǫأ
Ҷһ̲סꡱЦ˳ѧǫµģֻѩ֣ݣɲὫŮү뷨˵϶ߥү֣ˡ̴ĳԶҪѧǫͳŮŮӵĸ࣬͵ڱڽô
ߣֿϧģѧǫôõ˸˴ү֪ûиүѧѧǫʱ򣬷桢̸²һŮϵء
ԭϲˡѧǫ
Եʱͨ죬æֱǣôôءֻǡֻʵʵ˵ˡ˵ˣϲôϲôүˣǴүˣִԻеġң֪ү˶ٻˮأҿɲҶǰѦ


77
ҶȻįشͷҲЩѹȰ䣬ѷѧǫûѧҲ֪أȻѦȵˣעͬİ·ݵû͸ϽԼ**ɡԺ󡭡ҽүҴ˼ңĸ纣ô˵뵺ҲǾң˺һֱүұۣΪҶڵúܣòã
Сһ죬æȥ뵺ʱ纣Щ㺣ѧΪ纣ĺֵܣҲذ˵˺üΣ˹ȥʵ˵ﻹһЩѧǫӰӣֲʵ£뿼£Ͼµľ˭ƽ
ԿɲҪʲôĸֻһźүͷˣ԰û
˵ʲôɵֻԺ󰡣ס
Цˣɿ˯ɣҪʲôʧԿûү
תպѧϺͶžװʣļҵ뿪尲һ·˶ȥ
Ҷ׼˿ʣɼҵ׷⿿Ǯһ򲻵û⡣尲аҵͣʲôѸٷء
ҶȻһ尲ʲô׬Ǯ϶벻ȻȥƼĵطʲô֪ˡ
šüƼ˵
Է
Ҷðʱ˻Ȼ򣬵Ҷ׼ȴ
С׼壬ʲôأ
ѵȥҶ׼ɫǳ֮£бʮֲ졣
϶ǰҶƲƲ죬װȥһﰲغȲ죬˭ǣִܹܣûѽĿ˷
ЩǵסҶ׼֣֪ǳʱģ׼ҪǲϲҲȥˣڼҵǻ
ҶϷ˷УǶˣһ˶ûУһΣô죿
Ҫʹ׼ȥҺڼң
ΪȥˡҶ׼Ȼֹ˵ۣʲô⣬˵ֻܼ˳ʣҺڻԣɵڶˣûͶ̩Ϳ⡣ֻ׼Լģ׬ǮҶ׼һü˵
˵˵Ǯʲô
Ű˼£ΡײƣĲд󣬲;һУ׼ʱҲ׬Ǯ׬Ǯ˵ͼǵϱУС˺ͽóףһ꣬˵ĳΡ
Ҷ׼ҵ׼עһ纣Գ棬µİӣ̩ˣӪƼϱҺܿ˹尲Ȼ٣Ǹиҵȴֱ֮ƣ뵺Ȼȴʱ˺ͣгпΪ̩Ȼӯȴͬʱ뵺Ĺģ
ҵĲҶԺϵ;ϵΪʢĲҶռ½гİ˳ϣϲƷ̶ͬȼߣֻڲƷȡʤ˻ԴԵüΪҪ߶ĻԴһ㱻¢ϣ̩ˣûǿĺܣ޷һ
ֲ̧̩ѦӣΨһͻΧ취辶
Ҷ׼˹ϵ
ϵʷǧ꣬طƫԶѣвٺþȴڹ˲ʶҶ׼彭ڼжš⣬ϵƣɽ֮ϱвƷҶҲ֮ѣΪ֪ܰѹϵĺﶼ̩˱ܶһģ尲վȽŸˣҶ׼뿪尲ϣڱС
뿪һҪԭ˵׷ɱҶ׼ѾµǱϾûۼǵʬףǵǴɵģ尲ܱߵĲѲزɳڣ˶ڶ尲ֻеɱְ尲˸׳춼޷ҵǵټʱŻѾʬ̶ס
˴Ѧлһλһ֮ǱСڹϵ󣬶ԹϵָƵΤС㣬Τ֪ꡣ
ѦеŲŵãΤ֪尲һ̸Ҳ֪Τ֪뿪˵ԭԭԼĶΤ֪꣬ʾʾԶ˵ֹһΣԶ޷ֻ˽ΤӦʱҪ׼
ΤӦʱ֧֧˼ΣϢǴΤ֪Ķ֪º󣬶˵Ҫ뾩ΤӦʱסȥΣյδ֪֮أȥͶϤѦУ˱Ȱ˵˶ڶʹѦдСס´뾴Ĺϵ顣
˶ͭ󷢾֮»ܣѦȻպҶ׼ҪǱ͸¶Ҷ׼ϢϣҶ׼һ֮
Τ֪Ҷ׼ǸˣϾţʲôҪһٷΤ֪Ҷ彲˲ٳ½£лΤڴ£Է֮ϻǢż񣬻ڲȥ
Τ֪ȻѵģҶ׼֪ѽ£ϯҲ˲٣ȻغȾƷ衣
󲻾ãҶ԰Τ֪ס£Τ֪ȴϣ㡣ȻЩ⣬ǵ˵ͷͷס
ŲãΤ֪£˵ס
Ҷ׼ѷ£ĸ飬ڵΪ彭֮ʱѾˡѦҲ尲
ŻˬʵΤ֪꣬ĪЩʵϯѾԼоõҶΤ˵̹Ͼû£Τ֪ҲֵȻӦңΤֻ֪ǶҶ׼ʱ㷢ʣֹθ飬չֵĵزĲ֪Դ
ʵ˴Ѧ˻һҪ¡
ԼоҶ׼йأԽŵʵ£Σ𣿡
Ҳ֪Ҷһ£򵥡ѦѾҶ֮ʱ㲼һЩߣּҶ˵׼ˣӦگ
΢΢Ծگϱߵķ𣿡
Τ֪ͷҶ˴˴ҲҵǶԽӵķЩˣӦкҪͳ͢ףԲŽС΢ײ¶١
Щ£Ϊ
Ҷ˺ҰϾ֮ǰҶˡѾȥˣڣֻ볤ˣԽԶԽãڱ֮Ѧ˺ҶһС£ٺòˡ
׼ʹеģɲС¡һҪ̩һԴҪ׼̵ıԭ򣬶׵¡
˹ϵûΤ֪겻깣İɡ
ţһֶ뿪ͷ
Լ;УһĺȻԭȥϣԭΪԴ˱ԺҶ׼ңԭֻһΡ
ţѾ˷䣬Žţ㱻Ҷ׼һѱסһ
Ҷ׼üʲôأô񣿡
˳ĻԵ£ûûʲô
һ˵֪£Ҷ׼ڱӵ뻳˵˵˵˵ҾͲˡ


78
Ĳɲ򵥣æվЩǵؿǲѾ֪㻹ŵϢǲǻ񣿡
Τ֪ô㽻ˣ
ףҵʱҿӡ
ЩҶ׼æס˵û㡭·˵ҲҪЩĹ򣬲
һļ򣬡ھ͸˵
Ҷ׼ɿ£˱裬˵
ʹңҺʹо˭ˣҵʱĻشȻģɣӦܲµҺʹУ˭ˡ
ǣ£
Ҷ׼ͷڵǰɡ뵺سã±ʶĹϵֻ۱ֻۣȫֵ塣
Ƿͷ;ͻ񼲣ǵµĶְôʲôֵ塭
Ҷ׼̾˿ҡҡͷ飬˷룬ǵˣ˭֪أ²ҪĳӽԼ£ˣҲö֪Ǳ¶ȷʵûɱģ֪ǰ뾩忤ŵһ£ǴӦ˴ǰĻ¡
ԡҲ֪忤Ѿ֮£
Ȼ֪ǰǱʵǲگͨϵگݵѾγǣƣŻϽɱϷ棬Ҳɽııɱҡ˼ܱˣҲܸ忤һ棬ϣӴ˺󰲰ַ֣ʳȴϧԸΥ˲ϣگʹҽ֮ǰҪҳ
һ˵ͷ˼һ᷽˵ǳɱǱΪ߻ģ˶׷ᣬȻǾ˭׼㾿ʲôˣ
Ҷ׼ס͸˵˫֣һ㰲ȫУ㣬˶ΪΪ˻˳𡭡
ˣ˵˳ıһΪ˱֮𣿣
Ҷ׼ɫصص˵ͷǰɡãʶ΢ʱͬʿڣ΢ʿںֻ˸򲹹٣˵˼ݣְȨҲûٺ»ʳţǾȡƾҶҵ鹣ʶ̫ıһְٰлұټһ̫Ϊ
Ȼص˵ͷ
Ҷ׼ü΢˵ǱˡھϵѰȻ˰˲ټָ彭ҵıΪұУһʱѱ٣ȻΪıڼʧȥüֵҪɱڡΪþΪұ𣬶忤ıʹһ±ı永ع⣬þ˶˳ñºһ
ǣȷʵв֮ģı桭Ҳ߼޻
ı֮Ĳ٣Щı֮£ֻ忤һ忤ҲǱõһıиˣò鵽ı֤Ӧ䱳ĺ֣ϧһʱɱ˫ۣûָİ忤һЩ˺£޴Ӳˡ
ѹı永úңȴûʹΪҪ֮һãԭǺİ컵£ܱѾҲǱõġ
Ҷ׼˫һͷگʲô˵¡˴ҶҪһβ壡
˴Τ֪Ӧײ١Τڹϵʮܱ꣬ߵķԼݶн飬֪ڣҪȡǣӦò¡
Ҷ׼üȻһ֪ꣿúǲⰡôȻ׽ˣ˵ԽദӦҲ˰ɡɱǰôΪѲźá
ĻתȥһǾͿΤСԸԸˣߣȰˣðҶ˵λڳʸΤ˸Ƹ
Ҷ׼ЦòȢϱôݣ˵ű㽫ȥ
գҶ׼˻û뿪尲Ѧеĵڶž͵ҶСŵ˶ɵۣΪ˵غܿҪӭڶλ֮ͣŹ£ǰ
ҶϵįضزסҪΪǰϻѦеޣˣȻǲܵġ
Ѧвδ˵ǰ뾩ԭҲ֣˵ǰͬʵ۶뿪ĵ֪˴ηŹ飬Ǻ⡣
Τ֪һᣬȻ˳͢ˮĴԣˮ֮ƫҺüʱ֣סƫǰ֮ݡ
µǸ˴һҪϢǾԶҪ˽½볤ˣ尲ӣĸƽ
ǰĵҶ׼ǰҪ£ڿҲûôҪˣǸ֪ҶΪá
ʧǶμƺһйصľ¡
ҶںˮһǺѦܵͷˣһΣѦҺ԰ں԰һΣ˷ڳˮʱ߻վžʧӣԼǰ
ʱЯһҴСѦͣѦɹ󲻺ΪѹͣȻҶڻպտֻѴµСֳ֮⣬ʹ˲ᡣ
ӦһЩ£ȥʾӺŮ֮ˮͼڵġϾֳǳ£˻顣
Ҷ׼ķҶһΪԺȫûйصκμ䣬Ƿʲô¡Щô޼ɵض֣۸޸ĸµĹ¶𣡲Ҳ棬ʲô£ȻָʹԼʮ겻Ӷ¶֡
Ӻ֪ǵĸҪ𣿡
ʱʮ꣬˵Ӧ֪Ȼ޶֤ǵʱ꣬ȫǸͯǲ֪ġҸҪط˵尲ȳ˺ͺݣѦֲߣദ֮ʱشСġ
ѦҲ֪
ҳ£ûʧ䣬֪ģֻ벻ͨΪҪס
Ҷ׼֪˼㰲οǲǣЩЩ¾ʲôҲû֪˵㾿ʲôԼǵˣʹǵãʱĺӣҲδЩﰵص£Ҳȥˡ
뵽һ㣬벻˺ݶԼҲӵĸף뾹֮ģһĺ´˶֡
ɲһ򵥵ˡʮˣ˵Щʲô֪ҪǾˡԣչ˺ٷˣԶǰиôΨʡ
æصͷ
Ҷ׼Ϣй¶̫㣬˱ǵ尲֮ǰ뿪պҹҶ׼ЯΤ֪Ȼ뿪尲ҶԳ̩ˡ
ֹ˼գǵ㵽尲ţ̩ƹ纣ԳӭӣʱһҹĻ٣ȻǽլС


79
Ӧ˳Ȼ纣һǰǰѾǾŸµУ裬жʮֲ㡣
Ҷ忴ǰһΪĸҸЩɬתȥԸһ˰İĲ··ܿ㽫ǰõλ
̩˳Ҷᵽ˶߽ΪʵļоסԷ纣£Ϳ˳ǰҲ˳¡
ǰΪѦõģ˱հȥָʹװΰ裬źˣѡ
Ҷһ˴ӳ˱ܻ׼裬㲻ƽϣרסҵĽţһСԼһ׳ӸʲôʲôȫĳԴöȣֱ˷ˣ辭Ҷͬ⣬νź
ֹ˰࣬纣̩˵Ļ˺Ҷ忴ӯѴ飬ʹ˿ʼó⡣뷨ǽڱݸۺͩݸ۵ĸ¾ӪȡԼϡĲƷȻþϵڶʹѦھˮӰݸЧͶŶ尲
⣬ô鴬ӡĿǰ̩˺ĺ̺ź¡ǰ̩ͺ˼лͲҵӪټϾӪƣǲά裬̩ź̸֮ʱùȨٻܱϵϱ
Ҷ嵱ʱûȫӦͨ̽һ´еϵףӻ̣ʱٳʼ沢˵ʱ̩˰ٷϴˣҲûм沢ʱ
ͬˣһʱľӪҶ׼ڹϵ»Դ󣬲ĽƷϧеݳƷ̩ܿ˴޴ֽ
ʽ̩˱ϽѦʵ沢̺ź¡ö̩ʽ΢Ѹռݸۺͩݸ۵½ߡ
̩͵ĵѦȲŲλʹıƲݸۺͩݸ۵ļɢ˳ҲûһȥֻǵƣʱһãᣬȡԼ¬һֺ֧󣬾˵ˡ̩˱ٻʱȹֵ̩͵Ĳʳ
纣ʮͬҶ뷨Ѧµľϵܲԭ뾸ϵʺ֮أ˵صĺһõʵ̩˵֮·̺˳٣ӵк̩˽̺ơ
ǰݡͩݵĴֻȥ̩˵ĲҶԼԭ̺ŵ˿մԼͭڱݺͩ㹺ϡƥľԼ챦һأʹ̩˽
£լȴɫŵ˽ݸҶһ˲ᣬٿ˵˼ĻҶüͷ㽥
Ա˵Ҷ߷˲ᣬأǰǰµˣ̩ϵӯҪն룬ٿ۵Ϊ͵ɱٷһݺͩݣ̩˵ʽǡ
纣ƼͶɫأǲɢ˼µĹ£ǰʵʷˣʽ㣿
Ҷ̧ͷεص˵ͷ
纣šü˼һᣬǰҶүţһҶѾװռɵ尲ﻻٸϲ٣
Ҷҡҡͷվ˼ϱϢ˵˹õ̴պɵ޺ľĴҲ̣ܿܵݸۡͩݺͱݵ㣬̴ͲԸ̫ͣãֱͣϺݣǻҪȹϵĻֺųǺöͱˣ̴ҲѾȥ˺ݣȥҲá
ž纣ݺһӣ̾һǿϧˣٵһ̴ҲҪһ£ֻǵȵãүǱߵȲãޣշѶֹZ˵Ĵ߿Ѿ⣬νȥֲ֧˶á
ҶһᣬȻһæת纣˵ãùϵĻֱȥϵݸۣΣ
纣ǰһæ˵ã
ҶС׼巨۵ģϼ֮ƷĳɫһǺܷĵġ纣Ͻһ⣬ɸ봫Ѻ֮ˣתͷӾϵһ·ϣֱݸۣ
ǣ纣ӦһһԺת뿪
ֻʣҶˣԱǰ˵ˣǰҲ̫ҷЩ˲ϼ¼ģ޳Сɽ亣ζ챦һһҲ֪õȥˡ
ԣǰв˵Ҳ˵ǰ˰ٵĿʹǣҲүޣ尲ѦҵĵĸҶûʸ˵Ĳǡ
죬ͷףֻǼȲǶ̩ͣҲˣôʲƹӻ
Ҷûٶ˵ʲôһźط˯¡
һ磬Ҷڶ᷿׼ţǰȴԶԶ˹
ôţԼʲô˼
ŵǰҶ꣬ӭӣ밲ʳ򣬾ͲǱ߶ˡ
²Ҷˣǰĸ⣬ڨڨº˵˵ҲʮˣۼӾҪɸȴ׼˲òãôģ
Ҷתǰ˵֪˵ġ׼Ǻ⣿еĽšԼ̥򣬶ڱԷסţʳҡҲһӦ룬ﻹȫ뿤ʾ
˵ģˣδҲ̫ªЩ˵䲻յĻʱźĸĽ̥Ĵĸҵźֳĸǰ£½ıԷʰ׵ʱסӣǱԷĶĻ԰ʤ̨ͤ¥ÿ˴Щʲô
Ҷ岻Цһĸһ֮֮ϣѦҲһ鳼ȡ
˵ﻰѦҸɵй˽֪Ī㻹Ϊ˳ﲻ¼ǺޱΪѣΪҵνҪΪѦҵѪźá
һ뵽ϼ¼Щ֮٣ʱһǻȴҶ尴סĪҪǣݺϿѦеʱѾһһеѦˡܺѦθɵй尲Ѧ޹ء
ǰغ˿ˮЦһѦңһ尲Ѧң޲ƲϵƵģ㻹ڼǰɣʵ˵˰ɣ֮ʱһʡףڼЯһһ˺ѦңѦү֮ܣ˵㣬Ѧլûм֪֪үûаѦҵĲҵ
Ҷ΢΢סѦغݣΪδδԼ𡭡
Ȼ봾һүүʲôʲôһˣΪβֱʴҪѦҵļҵף
ǰΪ¸ҶţȻɫƽͣȣ΢΢ȣȻѰѻ򿪣û¶ӵĵǿ˵ǰʱ䱾֮У޷˼Ѧ£ֻίôһڱѹңӦѦĵӣٲֻͣӲ㣬ٲûһʱ䣬⺢һأɽӻ̩˵񡣡


80
Ҷ΢΢һЦǣȺұο˱ѡԴŴڣ˹ͨΰŵȣʶˡ̻Σ̩˵Ҳ꣬ɵ
һ̲סЦСַſڣ˵⾭ӪʳǮһﶼ֪۽ӹ̩ˡ
ǰʱһһףѾûף̫ȻҲûİ裬ֻöһ䡰ݴۡ뿪á
˴νǳԣ˳ԴöԾҷ֮⣬Դ̤֮벽Դȫ·ల
ʮ¹ȥҲõˣȴжҶ彥ЩǰкγԹܹ޹ģΪԼºиһǹԼһء
շҶæ̩˵һλǰ̥Ĵϸ˽һǰ
ڻ֮˳˵ǰδ£ʱδж赣ĵ
ҶҲǻеˣʶ֪һЩģæʵѮϣҲʱˣĪǴѦһ˿񣬾᲻ǷǺڰ׼Ϊˣ赣Ѧһҽʲ裬Ҫʵ֪ʱΪá
Ǵ򷴶Щɶͷԣһ᷽صضˣ˵󣬲УӦҪǡ֪ǷǴˡ
ԺŻУ˵еûƭǰģĲĹ⡭
ǲ˼ұ̺ŵ鷳ģ˵ڶǴˡҿȷʵ¡Ȼˣܹ࣬ôƽ˳ǡ
æӦ䣬Ÿ˶ȥ
λ̥纣ڸҽ֮ףҽм٣Ըм٣벻ǰǱѦ͵ˣȻʲôţԼӡ֤ʱǻвС𺳡
ڸп֮ʣȻһ֮ҶҪ߳ʱȴӦ˽ҶǰͰӦ˵ϡӦǷǳţ޴عڵϣһԡ
ԣô£
ˣԳÿգ㵽԰ͤһʱѺɰŪͤ˵ҲɣһȥѰʱӦǡþǸͤӣպüɰ˱㷭ĶⲻüĶˣ˵ĻҲ˵ˡ
ôһ˵ҶͿˣʲôüʲô˵ԣ㶼ŪͿˡ
ӦȴԽȻۡһ˳
ˣӦ£졭Ӧ˯ˣȥʲôӦһŲ֪
ԣ⾿ô£
ضˣڳ˳ǽéջõö˭ģ
Ǽ£Ҷ˺һᣬȻѣӦȵѵӦʵ
Ӧŵö˻ˣﻹ˵ԼģֱӻصղӦҺɰ﷭öֱҿĶ˵ҵС͵֪󣬲ţԺСѾͷʼģ˵ǿջƹģ˵ѦүĶž
ˡе飬ū澡ūĲ֪쵽̤࣬·ˣѦˡūָѦүүǿǻصٵһȥģȥˣֻڳǽĿջһūĺ˯ˣֻ֪˯֮ǰѦүһֱںȾơ
ӦԽԽС˵ûֻС
벻ǸˣȻѦkҶǶסһըװ㣬˶סˡ
Ӧˣ
ضˣū澲ңδ߹ˣ
ˣ͵ûЩһѦ˶֪кκ
ū֪ū澲ң
Ҷڰ֣Ӧ˵ȲҪߴУ뿤з飬ǸˡϾԼֵܡһʱӡ
ס
ֹһʱգҵݵľԽԽţѾвֲ˺˳͢Ķگ飬ջ˻ʵ͵Ĺٷӡǲϴҵˡһս͢ΪоõұȻһнֹڣʱò޹صگޡɣȹҲϻ
Ҷôҵû֮ʱ̩˵Ĵֻ䵽ϵΤ֪֪ϵگ֮·ͨ·䵽گگ̺ŵ崢ءһ۸Ȼǣʱگ̺ŵ۸޵ȹܴ׬һʡ
Ҫʵʩȴס
ҵʵϸרӪƶȣʳκֻйټһ·͢Ϊֹ£ϸģ̩İ취ӳ͢˾õԴֻռ
̩Ϊ˻ƴʱļҵܼͨʮмռʡˣѦʵչʾۼأȻھֱװسϵ
˴ģĵһŲ͢ע⡣ڻĲһ֣͢Ȼᵱ´ʱһ˲ȥֻڴҵֵ̩˱С΢ҶΪһƹ纣ڱȡ
Ǯ̩˵ĺ˴ӱָܻ˵ĹģһЩѦߵģоʱˡΪҲҪͦȥ
Ϊһ£ҶæýͷöǰѦkЩ߰ûʱȥ롣òװ鶼źãêֿʼΤ֪Ҷ׼ܲܰô֪һЩ춼Բ˯š
òһۣǰȴҪˡ
ͦʡģڵҹûͣ
ҶЩ£ϾδҲ֪ôֻ̥ŵġ
ҹʱ֣꽥иһææˣҶǿԼ
ǰҲǸˣССͱ㸸ĸ˫һиΪֻΨһĸҲûˣһ޸ķ뵽ҶȰ˲
ǰѾһϢҶҲŤͷȥ
ϣټһᣬȥ򡭡
ǡļƣӦ尲һصҽ˰ɡ޷Ҫĸӡ
ҶǼһᣬټְʱȥһλ尲ҽžʱ
˵תߣǰ֪ȻסҶ壡
Ҷعȥٴλصߣؿ
ǰסҶ֣ͨ˫ۿ˵Ӧ¡֪ˡв⣬һҪסӣȻ󡭡ҡߡ


81
Ҷɫصص˵ͷת뿪
ţסˣүһ뿪˵ءҽӵأȥ
үү尲㲻£һŲң尲ҲڶˡΣҲòȥ˵ЩɱֵĿС׼壬С׼Ѿ뿪尲ʹ˵ر֪Ҳ̫⡣
ںܶδ
˵꣬ҶһͷããҹɫС
ԼֱţæֽɡҴҵظȥ
ҹ尲ǽһƬףһ·ֻġɳɳԴĻΧҶ࣬ԵסҹһӰεĿɲΧ
žʱ֮Ҳ尲ǽǰҶװ尲ʱȥݻᣬ˻ЩӡҶ뵽ǰڴ񣬲ӿ˽Ų
żҵŷȻǵҶ壬⸱żģæžʱ
Ҷ壬žʱҲЩԾżӣҲûжǰֻʴ֮˭Ҷ岻شǡǰ˭֪žʱһűΪ𶯣æҩ䡢ҩͯȥˡ
صլʱžʱ˵ý̱ҩԪǰȶҩͯһ߲ҩһҩ԰
ֹԼĪʱֻòһӤҶһŷԼȫˣԷţҪ̱ڵء
Ǹ۵Ůֺ־ϲҶϲæȥʰȥˡ
ǰ۵˹ȥžʱȷûд֮Χ˼䣬뿪˷䡣
ҶڿͷϢϾǰûתʱҪΣ뿪̫Զ
žʱºһģ˷ϵȲҲû
ҶңʵүүԨԴ
žʱۻ׵ĺӣ̾˿˵ծϷȥǷܹҪ
үү˻Ǻιʣ
ϻˣϷʮ࣬Щ²˵ҪײټˣҲ⣬ЩϷͶ˵˰ɡȵλʱ󷬰׹һζȽⶾҩ𼦲ݡȻЧһԭҩĿɱȣһΪõҩġɽأ̫ҽԺҩһȱ㣬ƢƢ֮˲˷á
˵ʮǰľ£žʱЩڻȲ裬һڣⲻǶ⣬ôҩƢ֢״ÿȥҲ죬Ҳûº֢̫ҽԺûнҩΪҩġҽҩ֮£вԤ֪⡭
ҶЩµ˺ʵԴҩУ
žʱ̾˿˵ͷԴҩĽ֢ӦΪԣ̫ҽԺڲֹҩȵۼݱµ۵ǻͻگȥݷءھͷ;Уˮϳŧ̫ҽԺЯҩȥΡ
Ҷ˰أ˵Ƿڽ𼦲ݽ֢
žʱɫأ˵ͷ
ʱϷǸҩҽϷȷ֮ҩûн𼦲ݡººʹ̫ҽԺ飬Ҳûзֽ𼦲ݶٻȥûз̫ҽԺйա
𼦲ݼȻõҩģõǼǱȻʮϸģҲиȻºʹ¶鲻̫ҽԺ©ζҩȻǴ̫ҽԺȥģүү𡣡
ˡ֮ҩȷȷʵʵǳϷ֣֮ϷѴ̡
үүԽ𼦲ݽ֢Ӧһ£к֪
𼦲֮ҩ֪ҩ߶࣬˽ҩ߾͸ˡټϻҳԱҽҩĵǹоܣ֪дë߸֮١Ҳߵ֮ˡ
ҶȻǿҵ֪ԼںѦʲôܡЩܣǷͺйء
ǰһ˯ðȣ֮ʱѴ
žʱԶԶްǸˣ˵Ƕټǰ
ҶûǿĲؼңûٶǰ¡
Ѿʰɾι۾ûȫ򿪣ȴһ֪ʢӣССźŤͷܡҶ屧źӣЩᣬСرǰ
ԼƴµĺӣǰǼźֱһΪĸϲúҸ
ҶʱĸŮȻ뿪
Էãһޣ۵ˡ
ˡ֮£ҪҪүͶү
ҶЦɷȻҪ֪ӳ֮¡k㿴kģ֪ô
Դ󾪣˵ү֪ܲ⺢Ĺ⣿
ѦkǸүƢ֪Ҫ޸ѦʱֱԴ˽֪ǰĺӣ˰
ҶʾҪ£Ѧk֪飬ҲûҪ֪ǰһ¡ԺҪôѦнͺӵҪú롭
ǺӵĽѦҴˣҶ岻ñյҶ׼ķɸ봫飬̩ʮʯ˳گ
Զʮ궬͢ΤƷ⽫ʮϵǰߣͬʱڵϵϵڶʹ£۳帮Ϸ߾ߡ
͢Ȼگͣһݡ
ݵսһ
̴ҵܱ߷ʱһƬңⳡ̲֪ʱʱǷ׷׷ϵ̩Żͷλگ棬׬һʡ
ͬʱ˶ͭ󿪾ɹ˳ͭԶ۷گͭӪ͢ջشҵһͭĿɼұȨ̫˾ϽŻ߷Ҫһ֮򲢹ǰӪͭ
ΤӦʱҪפӽפͭɽ󣬵Ⱥ򻧲רԱ㣬һȨֵ̺ͭԻļֵɣӹܺߡ
گһ£ٹȻ
¬һ壬ǰûյ
ۿرͭҪӹܣһڱݣߥһ̺ͭγˣвڻרԱɽ֮ǰըٿɽһɢ
ΪԴ˿ҪЮԶջس벻˿˳͢ļȶߣԶ۶䳹ʧų͢ҿλ˶ͭɴɵۣʹըٹرͭҲûã͢ѾбͭԴĻ˾ϡ
֮ģZࡣ
Ԫѫһ壬㾡Ҳִ֧ҵ踺ųЭ̽ͭ͢ڹйڷZƷغƷ̫䣬ֹޡ˰»ˣΪֹܾ䡢ƽ׼Ѧk̫ͥ¶֡
⣬Զگ̲ʹµһԩ߼޻ĻԪ׼ù鰸֮ڷ
¬һд£ԩʼٸߣ¬ʺֳ¬ҵǲŹǧѷĺʱָʹΧڵ̲ʹ£ڵ飬ԩ˸һ¬ҽ̺ŴϴǮ¬ʺᵳӪ˽Ⱥ·˸׳죡


82
һҹ߽֮
¬ʺ󱻷ϣΪ楣ƾƫΪ㸮ۡ뿪ͬΡ¬ҵݶһзţΪˣмҲһɳ乫
¬ݿ𣬳͢¬ҳʲۺϰµĹرͭټͭҸ޷զ࣡
Զۿ̲Լµ౨󣬳ĬãһԲǲɢˣճա
Ĵٹ˶̻̲գ֪鵽Լϣ˹ٳ类ְѹ̡
׽ĳѦҸһƬƲȻѦûǮѦҸǰһʵ޷ϣѦkǽĶ̫λá
һƬУʷ̨Ѧk¬ϽᵳŲλΪɣ˵
Զ۲ʷ̨౨͢ߺģƷ尲뾩̫ZЭ
Ѧ򷢾˶ͭйٸԭְδƷɡ
¬һ䶨»ѹһ£ݲ֪Զ
ǱǺѦҡ
볤ѦҲͬǣѦҵķ֤ȷɵġ
ѦͨҵӪעʣ̩͵ӯ붦̩ǮׯԴԴϵ뵽ѦȶתƱ任֮ΪۼѡѲһԭԭسʱ͢Ѧٲ̵һ¬һ³㾴ҪѦңҲֻܱ⸱ҵȻǱסˡ
Ԭ󲻶ֲ²͸ʵ۵˼򻧲ΤӦʱֽ̡
ΤӦʱܲ͸һʵ۵˼ġ
Ѧ״ƽ׼ڹд󹦣Ѧȥʮ꣬ٹ»ǵĹͣѦкZ翪йŸ۹ͣʱѦңбѶ֮ӣϧԼë¡
Ѧȹ֤ȷ䣬ʩͽ䣬л֮ӣͬʧ˰ԭԭسʱԶֻۣѵľ棬ʱ̲ʹ¶ûùӳԡ
֮£ΤӦʱһӣѦᵳһеĲãѻʵ۰λá
ѦѽѦѩ޸˵ֻˣҲ¼¼ڰĻ׾죬Ѧ˰ٵ׹ϵһͺðˣֻ轫˰Ϊ֮Ĳлߺͽᵳĳɷּɡ
֮ױ͸ӣ°̵ģ˷죬ѦԵͷѦܱסġʵΪͽᣬȻɴذ죬ʵƫ̻Ȼͨ
Ӱ첻ǴµĹӰúǱ»ʶƵôϡ
ԬһҲô˼ǰѰľ˷׫дһ飬ռʱԶ
ΪѦΪ֮ĲףųѦȴƷɢɢ٣Ʒʮ永Ķ̩ǮׯԲӪûоӪãѦʮڲ̤Ǯׯ⡣ѦɹμҲϣƷӼ˼ҷ硣
Զ۶Դ³ʱĽ᰸⣬һ£ɶס
ѦǱסҲ˵Ĳᡣ
Ϊ̩ͨ¬ҵǮƣѦȼѶ̩͵ľ󲿷ӯŵ˶̩ᣬڶ̩Ȼ鳭еʽ𶼱Ͻɹ⣬ûʽĶ̩;ֻʣһտӣнٺ˵Ӫˡ
ѦҾѦһں󣬱Ͳʣټҵˣʮż޳̩Ǯׯʣʮ˼ңѦֻӪ˹ٳ̩͵ľӪīسɹ棬ﻹоУʮ˼еӯ״Ҳ룬ûжʽ𹩶̩ްġ
Ψһܰʧ͵İ취̩ͣסʮ˼С
̩ͼֵķᣬʹǼҲҪ۲ƣҵ̺Ŷ̵̩ͣ¢Ϻݸۣ޴ʵ̺뵽ϳʵķϱ֮Ϊҵһ̸ʡ
̺֮以ϼƴ̣ҵ̽һƬ֮֮ʱ尲ֱ̩붦̸̩һ֮ʵʩ
ǾٹȻ
̩˾ʱðģôʽ𣬱ʵʲٿ˾˭Щǰ⻹û̩˵ĵ纣׸Ѧ̸У԰̩ͣ
ѦȻ̩˵ȥپ̩͵ʵӵѦɹûᣬ˵ǩ˳Э顣
Ŷ̩͵ݸۼһҹ죬̩̺ûиѾһ
۾ҵˮҵʮصѦңǴҵһָĺ˾ӣȡ֮ģ̩ˣԼ֪ð纣
̩ƺԺ̽Ϥ̩͵ת޷νӣһ仯оͬʱ̩ںݳǮׯ̩ᣬƾĲǮׯʳ̩ԭг֮ǰܿɳΪ̶̩֮һָĴǮׯ̩Ʊɻͨ£ܻͨƾǿıԺͰȫԣ̩ΪͬڵĴҵѡͨǮׯ
Զʮ궬ıֹֻЩ
ҵݵսһҹﳹ״졣
ڴҵפһСݲǱҵϵͼɱҵ߾פΤ䡣ıܺΤ䵱ҹݷѸͽ
ԶʮԪա
߹սʤδһƬ͡
Ҷæ̩ںݵĲֺ尲سˣݴ֮纣ֻҪͰ༴ɣ뿪һʱ䲻⡣
ɸһƬЦѦСҶ壬뵽õ̫Z硢Ѧ籵һѾԻ
ı󣬻ɸŮǰ㱻Զ۹ؽҶλˣʹû޵֣ȻǸϵŮˡ
尲صĶҶ壬ƺһɨǰ»ŮţǸΪȱİزָҲ޷ֱԵʹ㣬̹Ȼԡ
ϯҪʱ̲ɢͱѦǣҶ巵غáլۡѾˣЩ԰ߴ԰ԲˣȻҪһסں
ƺѦЩǵòҶ޷԰ΣƺҪ֮ʱǷµĻһԲһֱڵҹſϷŹҶ֮ǰ˶ܵĿ࣬һֱķֱ
⡰ѩӿů⡣
ƺû˯⣬ѦоЩ֣յ˵˿ǻû⣿
˫ͬòĶҶԴ㿪Ĵ
ǡ
使ߵġǡѦһ¶΢Цʲô
룬ķϻС׼㣬Ǿˡ
̩Ѿ˹Ҷ׼Īǳ͢δɣ⾿һ׮ʲôҶ׼һΤ֪֪ȴ֪С׼廹ѦУڡǰ尲ȥ괾غһ£ΪҪ


83
Ѧ֪˼Ķͷ˵׼Щδ壬Ⱦһϵɺã
ҶԹԵصͷһʳͷǸʣȥ£ǲǻعһ˺ݣ˸ף
纣ں̸ʱĻƣѦɹ֪̩˵ȥģȥû̩ˡ
ʲôҲ˵Ķ䡣
ߣҵ»٣
ǰŮֶŮ¡˴ҵʱ
ô֪£Ҷһæֱֱؿ
ѱһڣ˽Ҷʱһ£ĶǶѾ֪ӵȥˣѦеܺæԼ
ǰĺ޹أ˭йأѹͲں
kϾֵܣҵġ
ѦҶνˣοѦkǰҶһ鶼ûУѦk˭ôҶںԴ﾿ʲô
۱֣ڿŲҪʲô
ҡң
£֪µĳԾֻǰĪǰԼ̹ף˵ǰѦУӦǳ׷ˡ
˽»ϵ
ҺǰҲûУֻһΡ˽һöӻң˳д˼ţԭԭظңҲҪ¸köӣȥҴغʱ׸ļǴλغݣǸ֪ͨһȥģҵǰҲݻ£й¶£һȥ
ΪҪܼ㡭
ȻѦѦһ죬׼쾭壬ʲô֮ڵģ
˶ͭͼԼ尲ǽסլ˽½ҵġ
ף֪˶ͭ󣿡
Ѧе˫ȻЩҰǲ£˴λȥҲ֪ԭ۵ģһĸͬĽˡǳΪǵĽﻮʮûϹͭ󣬾˿֪ȻȻɽأ͸ͽġ
ӪͭZɽɽָտɴ
ͭĿɺ;ӪȨǳвܵܣֻ¬ңѡ͢㹻ͭԴȻ¬ҡɽǰ⵹¬Һǿɽ
£ҶȻ鷿ֽż㣬ʵ׺ʵ˿ǰ룬ڳ֮Ҳġ尲լһд׵š
㷢鷿żլӣǸ׺»鲻ã尲ʱðġǺϲǸԴ㾲ĵĵطȹһõĶʱ⣬ԼüʮҪһȥֻǺΪһЩ£׺ˣլӣҲͳѦһΪ֪ؾ
ǲΪ֪ҿլӣǻ˵ģױǶ˴ɨάҷֽż鼮һҳҲûУ϶ʱǸˣǸװɣغݵʱ򣬸һ˵£ң
ҶǸģѦЩЦˣô˺硣
˵Ҳˣ׵£Ҿ֪
˵͸һ֪׾һˣŻƶѡ
˵ⱲӣҲǷǸˡ
ѦбҶ壬Щʮǰ£渵
ʮǰѦΪڻ֣ȵΡѦҵļӣһĻ׹һȵѡΪӰһ𵽺Ժѧ
ЩԺ֮ԼѦɹѦá
һľӿΣ̳ܿԺװ絽棬ﲻ㼯챦ĺ˷£ҹꡣ
˶ߥöģܿһ£̳˯֮ʱ**˺Ժ
ֻǣԶ⼸ҪƽʱӴǣ·ˡ
ϻۣԼǵúԺڿεķӣԺ̽¼ĸۡиԺ̽ۡ˱֪
¸ĹټʱԺ£Ǽλӵģŷͨһʱŵûɢæ˵Ժ֪ͨү
¼ϻʱֻӲ֪У˹һء
ҲһΣѦɹ󣬵һμ¼СŮġ
Ӵˣ¸Ѧɹ󾭳õĵط
һʮȥѦɹԸ¼СŮãϣ¼ףȢϡͬ¼׵ģӵ¶ӶģԼòע⡣
ʱȵѸλⶨ£ȻԸҪȢ¼ҵСŮȵЩΪѡϾ˵õ׼֣ϣŷңȴġ
Լİӣ¼Ҳѧʦ⣬ȫȵگ¼鷿ϸѯ˴¡
һʲ֪ԭгĵģѦ֮Ѧɹ󣬶ѦҵƸѾ˳¸ѦɹһλҸ㡢εɣλ￴еŮӣ򵥣Ǳټ˳ġ
һ֮£֪ĳöŴ󷽡תϻ㡢ĲҲһλ
ȵϧţǿýѯʳԣŵǿѡ
ѡѦɹ
ԴˣȻ˳֣顣
ˣҶ۳ʪҲ⣬Ĳǣֱ˵ѦɹеģΪλΪһԹż
ǶԵòᡣ
֣󣬻˳ģȺļϽƷѣһѦɹΪѡ
ѦɹͳĲ̿ʮʹ𣬱ܾ尲ȹһõ»ʱ⡣ѦɹҲ⣬ЯӻغݣԴ˲£ңա
󣬳ŮѦ米ѦɹʶԼϵĵӡȻ˵Ĺ»Ҫ粼֣賯͢ƽ׼ĶغݽԼҵ
籸꣬ѦɹǱŮԶݡ
ãĻϢȴֶߡ
Ԫѽڡᣬʼ԰̤˵Ӱ֮䣬ᵱڻǺŻƣһֱദʱŹ顣
ʱѹرգݣгؽš
ÿһҥвټ֤ˡ˵ʱسǴΣפسŵʮʿ֤
ѦɹԺݻ˱˻ĵһγͻ
γνֻżѦɹﶼǣһΡأ
Ѧɹĳױһ뾩﹫ӵϣһүȾᵱڳĻᣬԵʱĳؽ֣ҹͬ顣
Ѧɹ󵱳үһ٣˵ٴ뿪ˣغݡ
һңѦɹĻںޡ


84
ĻûüѾǵĵڶӡ
ѦɹںһƺСǡõţٴ̺ȡʽ𣬿ŹڵȻСұѦɹⱲӶڲѵĴ󡭡
֮󣬸Ѧļ͵ݣʹѦɹҥԣ׶ڲˡ
֪ϢѦɹγѣæ̷سˡ
س˲죬ڼΪ˸˷Ѧɹ벻СŮž͸˳ѦһΣһλ̥򡭡
ϻѦõϢܿʹѦ£ϢֶߣȻоС
ٱ΢Ҳ˼ҵŮѦͥٸߣҲʼ
ѦѦɹҡ
תʮѹǰˡŸ£ǰѦҴŮѦ壬űѦҳѦȡ
ӵĵѦһȸԾɷı˾޴˵ĳȴѲ¶²˴
ţҽһдѦҺլ˳ĵķ䡭
ӴˣѦɹͳĵĹϵԽԽ΢ټ֮仹һԹ°ǿĳĿʼš
ѦеԽԽįҶ岻ѹָüģ˵Уˣ˯ɡ
Ѧץס֣ŵףѹ𣿡
֪˽֣֪˿ͷѾ㹻ˡ
ͷǸϲ磬ȴǸ磬мĲ֣˵Ҳ֪ĵź
ˣؼǼ£ҲأԼСʱĹ£
Ҳڣô˵£ںݣ
šװѺүӵͷ˶壬ȻӼǨغݡٺ̩ȵްţλڳʵְģȫ뾩ͷ⡣λߵҪôµ۶ڰҪôڷء⴫ŹԼˣھͷ֮ǰµһθݣƿΡ˰
¶׼ˣ
ǵġ
֪ݵĿģ˰ǡ𡭡
᲻֪Сͺ׽СҪһڴӦ
ǡںѦʱ򣿡
ţҲҪУˣһҶˡӡǣ㡭һˣʱҰ꣬Ѿˡ
ϧˡҶǵˡ
ҶС죬Ѧл￿˿ȡȡů
ǵþˣֲʲôֵü¡һǵǸ磬һֽûüͳż㣬ŭҴҵشԷ鷿ֱӵ׵ãָ׹˺ܶˣ˵˺ܶĻ֮ѿ
żдǣ
˵һҳѦǲ㣬ټǨλںݳĻʼ԰ֺԷԼ״ٺ֮󵽺ԷС
ҶԺкȻһЩĻ棡
Է鷿Է
壿ôˣﲻ
źȻԴʹҶ壬ѦЩˡ
ҶȻ֧ӣѦе˫ۣ˫۲֪Ǿϲ϶˵УҡƺһЩ顭Է鷿طȥ
Ѧذı侲룬벻ˡ
Է鷿ģֹܲЩҲָʹӺˮͼڡҲʲô£ⱲӶǲ
׷һֻײײԷ鷿ĳܵ˺ףҺܺ¡ССԣذ׳ʵҺú¡
ҶһѱסѦУ˫ۡ
£ѾȥʮˣԺٲˡ
һֱºԷ˽顢Ļᡭ˵ˡ˵ˡ
˵ʲô
˵ü޸һǴҵĻʺˣУ˵ӦǻһλᣬҪı
壿ѦֱֱضҶ壬ƺȷĻ˵ǣҪı
̫飬ԭѾǲˣСʱ򲻶Щ£ֻ֪£ڰЩĻƴŷ˵Ļʺ󡢽лӦþߥı
ܡ֪Ӻݻȥ֮󣬺ܿǰأֱ;ͻȻţһֱƽ˾ûаͼıļ󡭡δھߣľοǻʳڵĽ
˵Ӧ˵ˣǸˡܵö
֮ܵ١Ҵ˻йָӣϵԶ˵֣һ壬֣Ҳûˡǲò¡
˳Ĭ˺һҶ˵һֻʣǰӦò˰ɡˣ²ʹ˲ᣬҲ볯ްˡ
ʱǨ޺ۣЩ䲻Զ⡣
ãʹ˲ᡣ
ѦаСģذ硣
⺮ѩƺˣ֦ѩѹϵġž
Ѧоþ޷ߣǸˣء
Զʮ괺ȱʮְӭˣǱ
ӴȨϷ֣ǳΨһİٹ֮ס
һְõ
ȣĲһĿҪ̫һ¡
̫ȨԽԽ־ʹˣУѹסͷʢ̫Z磬ټһְƺ⡭
ԣԶڶҡ麫Լ̫־ټһˡ
ȨμұٲȻδԾӣλĸף游־ʼӵ̫²ˣ麫Ӷͨλϵֱ̫ĺѡĨ˺ѡԼ
ԪϣǵӶֵˣ־ƥ˷˵Ϊձ㵽⣬ǫмӣŽӪСһƣѵĶһɶ
Ϊʤȯյ־ôҲ벻ڻʵ׼̫֮ͬʱʷ̨һ£ֱָڹϵݴʷʱǿŮλС檣ǿʱ˵걻˼Ҹ浽ϵŵ״ֽ
ΤӦʱڻ£Ȼһʥּ䵽鷿
۷׷ף˵϶Ǵ£˼Ҽ浽ţΤĵڶʹ϶Ѳ˸ϵ
ǣΤһȷз£Ϣľ͸˰
ˣ˽֮£Դ֮䡣Ůӵļ˽˵Ǳٻ󡢽ʳˣȻ׼ˣﻹʲô£
Ѧж˵ţյƷ裬ʱҲΤӦʱټɢ£ؼҡ
ҶѾ׼ţ
һѦб㷭˳ְӸѧϡ
Ҷӭ˳Ѧп첽߹ȥ
УǰԺ
Ҷߺ˫¡
ѦйһЦߵòŰ£ô˼⣬Īϱˣ˵űһ¡
ҶԼ̵գ£Ǵ㣬ûкݵζ
¥Ҳˣ
û


85
ͬ˹ϵι̡һëΨףΪҪ身ĶŶͿѷᣬӵʡٹؼְλΪĺʹӶ谭
ǰѦкҶ׼Ȼϴƣ̫º͸ƽ׼һ£Ϊȵ棬ԸиĸԶۣӹ̬ȣûǿˣѾ
ֻǽ̫һְ̽ĳܵ߾¶ĶУ֤ʧְѲ˸ϵ
ǵ͹˺ֻϺꡣ
־ټѦб֪ʹưոݡ
ƹʮ꣬ƷϹԱ۵ѱУҪһ򵥣֮Ҫڹϵ֮ʱľɰһݣΤӦʱҲˮ
ӴΤӦʱʱνڶʹҲѲ˸ϵΤӦʱһϵƣһپ١һΤӦʱܷתǸõĽʱ־˿϶͸
̵ְʱҶ׼ˡ
Ҷ׼گ̩˵󣬱רעѰҵҵ͢Լ鱨׵گϸ
Ҷ׼ԹϵڶʹݽפݣǰԶۣ˽ͷġ
Ǵҵֵô⣬忤ıǣ㣬һ˵ʧô˴Ӵ֮󳹵ʧΤ֪ϱ߾ĻͼˣҲ޽չ
ȻͷȷԭҶ׼ķξ˻辻ԴʩҩϸҲҪӪѾ㸲벻̫Σա
˲ŷعϵΤ֪յΤҼ飬ΤӦʱһǰҪΤ֪ȲҪȥڹϵϢ
֪µΤ֪굱ѣΤפر߹ʮ꣬ΤҶΤ仹ǰԡѪս͢ӸλӬӪȨȻΪ˽Ѱ˼ΤӦʱĺ
Τ֪ҹʰң׼ҹ̣ϸǰΤϡƵΤӦʱö˲ϧ
Ҷ׼֪꣬͢ҪΤ˲ǳ͢צͶΤ䲼ˣڹȥͶպýΤһ򾡡
Ҷ磬㲻֪αڹϵ¹ٶУֱӼ߰ߡÿĿζǸװΣȻһٴζ
⣬ΤҲӲᵳΪλЩ֮٣
˵ϵ;ϵڣ֮вҪǰϵڶʹ־н顣볯֮ڽԼ׽֮ˡ־ĵŷӴϵȻصĶ󡣵־麫Ҳ˵飬ײ볯͢ȻŶһ²һ£ôùҹ
Щŷҡַ˱µ棬ҡˣ¬ϵĽǵ죡
뵽¬ʺ㸲ĲҾ磬Щ£סҶ׼䣬׼ȻѾسСҶ׼ҲѾˣǲʹڹϵȴɡ
Ҷ׼ס֣˵ڳֻδ󶨣߹ս£϶ԽԽ飬͢Ȼץסƽ׼š֣²׷뿪ģˣģԶʧصʱ򡣡
ҲǣȻѾ̩˻ѦҵڶʱƽϢǴлǳ͢ˣ˵߾ߣͷǿԼ侲
Ҷ磬˵֮ת
Ȼ²Ϊʷ̨һ¾͸󳼶ػŴ³飬ԬΤн飬ΰʧءֻǡջǿΤתǬڴ˵ȺϢ
˵ţһֻŸԺС
Ҷ׼æֹס⣬ȥ鿴
׼صУæʵǴǱϢ
ǣҪȥһ˾ϵ
ϵѵ̩ڱݸ۲˳
ҲΣҪȥˡ
ϵ϶СϽ뾸ϵ磬ֻǸطҲݵ϶ˣս³ԽҵҪԽ˵Σء
Ǯʹĥ»ѲҶ׼
ǧƱҶ׼װگˣŷ˺ãѺһϺõگڲ赽ϵݳǽнס
گĺڲҵԭ̲ͬڲɫŨ㣬˳ظԶԻΪҶгϵ³衣
Ҷ磬Ǵ󰡡
ֺ˲ǣӦֱӺ硯ϧˣò߲ݿ
˵⣬治֪Ҷ׼ǲҪռΤ֪ıˣЩŭתȥ
Τ֪꿴ɫԣæͷ
ԶǹϵԼϵصĽ紦ˣȻϣ֮ؽһƬߡʮſա
Ҷ׼סһλæʵλ磬ǰͨϵģ
һ裬ϵǴҵˣ
گˣȥϵ̵ģⲻߵϴҵݵսˣٵҲսսֻС
ǡ治ݵϸ
˵ЦˣϸŮͬУگˣڵڴ̣޿ˣֻӲͷƤǰˡ磬һС⣬š˵Ҷ׼óһһ̩ǮׯƱȥ
̩ûãǾȻҵƱǾ̵ġ
׼̩ƱӲͨ˼һ˵ֵܣʵ˵ˣǴҵˣڶҪӣ֪ط˭ռϷ˰ɣ
ݵĲ䣿
ǲǣݵĲɲǺǵģҰúܣǴǴģǳȥط
Ҷ׼һƱУ˵ǱˣȻ֪ݾɣ
ôг⣬ֵָ·ݵĲ䣬Ǽ壬ҲһЩԭսҾǨģʵĺˣֻףһűԭһ࿴Ϊ֪ˡطݼͬĲռ죬㿴ߣռһģǺ˲䣬˾նεġ߶ߣ˵Ǵگȥҵ̵ˣƻܹˡ
ˣСܾͶлˣ
õҪϢҶ׼æϳȥ
֪ԭڲɢġ֪꣬д飬Ѹ˵ĶдϸˣһŸȥΤ䡣Щ˲䣬˵Բ߷
ã
˹ؿҶ׼ȥسСܿͨʱͳһλԳ˰ٵӣҪ鿴ĻԱ˰
Ҷ׼ʹش򿪼Ҷ˰Ʊˣô˰Сܳز̫УԵȫġ
˰ϸ˿ҶĳɫһȵתҶ׼˵ɫĲҶֻگһȶĵСݺ͹ϵҲôϳ˵ĺöˡ㻹گˡ


86
ӴмˡСܸӲеĶˣ⼸󳵶ǲҶȣҪ̴ôͻȻЩѾ˱ݣˡϣ˸ɽҪúʣȥãһȥس̵ĽǮУ
˰ЦͷʱĿֱҶ׼ǹ
Ҷ׼лҪݳ뿪Ȼһλżӣ۵糸˳סҶ׼ĽŲ
һԤӿͷҶ׼ս
˰һˣӭǰȥ˵¹ٲμ
խ¡ѣŵ¹Ƥѥϵ̵ٲȻһ磬ͷȴ£٣ԭͬҶ׼״ֻԴ
ߵҶ׼ԱߣʵǸͨλگˣ
Ҷ׼ȭصǡ
ٴһᣬȻתȵˣʵˣѺ
Ҷ׼ԣѲڣΪ˵Τֻ֪꣬£֮֮ȴʱ
˺ܿ챻Ѻ⵽˴ǵԭơվִʿս
δˣóһֻµŸ룬ൽǰȻʵţ˭дģ
벻ŷųȥŸȻǽػҶ׼ͷӹһ⣬Ʋ壬Τ֪ȴ಻סֱӻصдģΣ
Τ֪˿¶ĻشԸгԾ̲סߵǰۡ
ⷬĴΤ֪겻˼С΢졣
Ҷ׼æ˵ʵڱǸ֮ǰҵפʶһλСǼԽ˵ǰݣǴ̽һơֻ֪СˣĸҾܾүҪֻܴӦʵҲûдʲô
ǵĵӶдһˣ˵ǡûдʲô
һɤѭȥֻһλʮӴӺ˳֮ϡ
˹񣬡μˡ
񡣱ǾȺԳگˣ
ظףǡ
ԭ˱ǲˣҶ׼æ˵ˣ±˸ʵûˡǵ治ʲô̽ӻϸֻǱҵפȣʱ̽һ²֪ģӱݷ̣ǻҪҵפĵطģӦǵҪ󣬵ʱΣա
Ҷ׼˵ǫǹȻ֮ڲزסģϵĻƭù˰ٺٵĶα򣬵ƭա
ߵҶ׼ǰۿһ˵Աţɱٱ㱨ţ
ղ˿Ҷ׼Τ֪꣬ЦҪٳ̾ߣʹܵãֻºλС㣬ܲá
αһæΤ֪һۣЩż
Ҷ׼üκ󷽴δˣ³Ҷ׼λһλҷһλκϣδ˲ҪΪλŮ졣
Τ֪Ȼ̧ͷضҶ׼
δ֪α᲻Τ֪⣬Ҷ׼ֻȰΤ֪¡°**׼ΪμһܣҲмΪ֮
αϵɫʱݻ
ɶȴ󾪣æǰ̫Ҷ׼
תȴֺȵҶ׼彭֮ϣ½֪㵨ð
Ҷ׼ɫδ˳ھӪݣϵڣʿʶλϵĹԱ
Ȼڶʹظĸ٣ĳϵһ
ˣ˵ɽҵĻȥϵתʹã߱в˾ʹׯһϣǷǵĹʽҶ׼
ռ˵õȻ˿ɫ˼һ˵ãұ㽫Фȥϵδ֮ǰίҿͷ㼸աҲȱҲܾϵƽ׼˾ĶݣҶˣҶϲΪѡǣƭȣɱҶĳ˲ں󡣡
˵ȥ޷ֻλ檡
޲ۣĳĵǻǶġλסڣţɷġ
ؿһҶ׼Τ֪תѾ߽˺á
Ҷ׼Ѻú󣬶ϸǷⱻػţйڴ˵صĲȷʵֻδᣬᵽԭĺˣ͢ʩԻߣս˫£Ҿ֡
˿ȷʵϸֻ˾˵ԼҶ׼͸ˡ
һ̶뵢飬ټʦҶ׼Фʹϸݣֱúׯ˸Ĵһ£Ǿͺˡ
ʹҹĻ٣ȴȻڴУ˳˼
漮ϵ˰ٵԭʿ丸ʱƾ辣ϵͨ˴ˮ˺Ӫ𽥱̩¢ϣľûдˣǱ˺ϰɣΪĽˣƾŵĺˬԸ𽥳ΪͷĿ
ϵٽ丸һȥܵ˱ڽ˵ء紾ӡŽ壬⣬ԱٴȢ˸ܽµǮòֵڴ˰ӣչɲ䡣
ڲһֱŽᣬ֮乥ϣӢۣý˻׳䲿չΪŵŵĴ䡣
ΪԭˣղҵΪУһֱر֣ϮĴʷͷȶա
ս룬κͬˣһҪԴҵսͼ׶Сҷһģбġһ㡣Ϊ䰲ΪǿռܱҪɹ˿أսֹ̬ȡ
Ҷ׼ƾΤõĹϵ˵԰Լһѡ
ţαȻ˽סŷӦʵ£
׿ΪǼķ
̸ķֻǿĿǰս£ݾӿ˶ˣԺǵǰ;濰ǡ
ʲô˭Ӯһǵĵ˭ҲȾָǼ壬ǳ͢
ûô򵥣һսܣҪôǷ²Ҫôܣܹǳ͢ĵˡ
αͷ˼ǰǿǹ͢ͶͶܱƽδһð취
ѾǼܼأж֣֮Ͷһ£ܲʵֻδֻ֪֮³͢û˵ϱǣǱĶˡ
αͷԥһռ˵ףŮӡݲͨŮӣ˵ң
ҵĺˣҲ֪ϲŮˡ
αͷһۼУϧл䣬
ʹûлΣĸԭŮԸ֮ؼΪްֲɽܣɱ֮¡
αԳЦЦǺиˣЩЪ


87
ͷ֮У̣ƲɫȴЩĲɣַ£תҪʲô
Τ֪˼£˹ʵǵҶ磿
Τ֪еӦأ΢΢һæʰӣǳһĨЦ⣬תο׼Ӧ֮ϣҿǶϸҲ׼֮ͽȷǵоϸ򲻻˺ǡ
Τ֪˼صͷתʵǣҶ֮϶ҵǾƺ
κϡԭԼںģΣϺȻȾįɫ尲ϣӹϵگʱΤ֪ΪҶ׼̩˵ԹԹ޻ڣϣ˵⵱кŮ˽飬˭Ҳš
ʲʲôŮӣҲ޷Ůӹһ
˼䣬Τ֪ǰǣ֣Ц㣬ô룬ǱǶˣҶҶˣֻо⡣һ˵ʹôһ˿Ů˽飬ҲΪ檡֪ⱲӣҪôޣҪ޾ӣһһһһ˫֪֡겻м˹һ򡭡Ȼ֪֪Ҳм¡
Τ֪˵̹ʣ޽ɫһӢˬ޷ĸԡ
֪ԼͻˣæǸ֪ãԲҲҪǡʵ׼ʲôֺ檣Ҷ˵λãȻġҡεºܡ
Τ֪Ŵԣæֹס⣬ս㣬ô뺣Щ£ѦңΪİʯ
Ѧȡ
ƺþöûǰˣٴ֣ȻЩпⱾӦϤ׽һֱ֣Ӧù֮ǰΪⱲӵıǩǣȴⱲѿ
ͬģԣҲⱲѿǳƽ
Ѧ»֮ҹһ֮ѬյصذݺáѦϱĽɫҶ׼ʱεس֣¶ᶯҡǣǽһˣ
ѦĸѦͽ
٣ӦûЩʹľȻҲûаϲá
Τ֪˳˼æлս㣿
Ŷ֪꣬˯ɡ
ãս㣬ϣ̹֮ʵģû᲻õˣҲû˵õ¡
΢Ц˵ͷ
֪ΪҶ׼ΪΤ֪Ǹˣò˯ţȻε˼޸Ѧȵ졭
׸ѦȢޣǶһƬϲ졣
˿ոŮޣһƬŽء
근ʮŵ飬ǰͰݱĸף̤ѦҵĻΡ
ŴϲͷܶʢЩڶıʱ޿̲ǽȫҫ۵Ĺ屦
أȽּЩ
ֱǸ߿ţǣ֣ذ
񽫱ϣ೤ġ붴ںͷٴߺ
һˣ˽ѦʵʵڵӣԴһֻһֻ
ЦӯӯؽҿĺͷϸȰǱơ
һȱڻ
ܿ죬ʼûȡмǧָֻ׶Լģǵ㱰΢ʹֵһһ˳
ܵ˼㣬ֻرǰˡ
ѹ£ŰӶһУ֮ģЩԻ
Ķʹϡϡϡ
Ȼѣ
ΡΡҺֻΡ
ⴺôġɳɳȻǸˡ֪ڸڵǲҲѣͬһء
պһҹǰ̽ϵתʹŵʹһۻأ
þȻս½ֻ֮ǰЩȣһ߽Ҷ׼˴һ˵ǰȺ·սʹһǼ巢ִҵ͢ٵӰϲϻΪʸ֮ġ
Ҷ׼ڿɫǷѣʮֵǣҪվߡ

ϧ˫ֱ߻׳ǯƣá
׼û¡
ˣڶ
ҹĴһƬ֮Уֻҡҷѹֵǿţɢ
ĴŻ򿪣ǰԺϴһҵ˻
Ҷ׼Ŀ棬ضš
ſںȻһ´ŶҵӰ˿첽һ󡰻ˮ
Ҷˣ
˽һӣֱֱعȥϲ֪ˮˮ棡
Ҷˡöմһæ˸Ҷ׼ɰ
Ҷ׼ǰȥ÷𣬡ΪΣ𡣡
òԸͷ˵Ҷò
Ҫġ˵ȷʵ忤ᵳλҲԩ
һʱɱ˫ۣ˴˵Ĵ£֪
տⳡ֪Ҷ׼ˣæ˼ǿڷأţǰȰλ˲̸
Ҷ׼æһ꣬˻纣ʱ˴Լ
񣬡˼Цˡ
Ҷ׼һõļװðҵϷɩˣ
òҡλǡ
ÿΤ֪꣬зٵػ룬ʶҶ׼ƺδ߼ˡ
ЦҶ˵֮ϲû֪ͨ˰
檣λǡˣ
öʱסҶ׼ҵĹȫĿõģҶ׼˽⣬޿ƫ
֣һ꣬в»δüϸ˵δ˹أҴϥ̸Σ
ŶŶȻá
˵ߣתչ˵δˣҶЩҪ󱦵һۣи㡣
أϲҲܾϵ˾ĶݣҶ˵Ĺ£С¶ĳԵסˣλ뵽鷿Ըȥʮ֮ڣκ˲ÿ
˴Ӧһܿ㽫˺á
ˣҶ׼ڽΤ֪ݣûȻ򣬡ԭΤС㡭Ҿ˵ҶһˣײǽҲͷҡ
Ҷ׼ԳЦЦֹȻ˽ҡԹҴ˷ȥϵ㣬Ҫ̡
Ҷֵ޷
ֵı䶯Ҳ֪һ̫׳ͲΪ¶ֹֻͣܿܿһְٰûи߹ٺ»һ˵ĵ
Ҷֿʲôˣòϧһдۡ
Ҷ׼һ˵ѾõľϵʱҪ͢Ŀˡֻñ֪õĳӣԶֹʮ
ϵתԼݸ۵Ļƿ֮УҪһ˳ʲѣ֪λʿҶֵķۣ
в˾ʹׯ


88
ϱﲻȡ͢ҪԱţԶʮһֱ鷳ϣֻϧУܿ죬ϲ߾ϵٱһں䶯ҰĴ󰸡
в˾ʹׯڱݸ۴ʳ˵ĺͲֿһҵҩܽأΪİٽ
ܽһԲ˹ʳһҩƷԭġʯɢ
ʼ֮ʱǷģͷۡѣΡԣзͷ˷ԻõĹЧƮƮȻƶˡкɡ£׳Ԫ㽫ҩϡҩ֮С
ҩǡԣһ̶Ⱥ񫣬õļҪȻȵһѽΪҩҵ˽ܽشһɻҲ乫żûд̡
İٽﰢܽأ㹻÷ߺһٴΡ
Ԭ¾ϵ鰸ʼĩ
黹ãһһ׮̰Ѱ
£ϵڶʹ桢ݴʷϵʮ꣬ǨƷڶʹ̸ڡȨ졣һأ˽֪棬֪ӡ
ҵҵóף赽조ƾáƾóʸ񣬸ݸв˾ƾԽڻ˰˰䷢ƾɿװжڴҵڳͨ
ȻûйƾԼƾʵﲻķˣܴҡڵؿ
ָ̾ϱݡ͡ΪṩװжԼִĽͷˡ
ͣһ½ڻó׵Уϵ񣬵ʵʳȴǽڶʹ档
İӣ޻Ĺƾڱݸ۳ͨ
죬вֿⱻҹ⡣
ģͲİٽﰢܽˣó͢۽½ǳ
ǶʯѾװ׼Ǹ䱦ڱһѾѡһʣµĲˣ빬͢Ǿϵ˾ջصʵﹱ˰Ȼɽѻ͵Ĳֿ
ǣһ׮ɰԶʮ·쾸ϵƽ׼ʵﹱ˰һ£ʵм֤ͣʾȽȡ˹˰ݺʹƽ׼ˣ̫£
׵νмˣ֮ﲻ͵һ룡
ԬĽ᰸౨û꣬Զ۱㵱˲豭
鷿ѻȸһƬš
ھϵѰ£ǵ̶֥˽СѾҪˣԶֹ¶ΤӦʱһе飬ȫ淭龸ϵʮϽɳ͢ĸ˰ʵﹱ˰˰˰Լ˰
˵ϵϽɵĸ˰ȫ˲ʵ
ǳˣ壬Ҳȫû乫
ϵתʹνڶʹȷ͹ᷬ˽ܽصׯʼԶ۵
᰸£ׯ̫䣬ֹܾƽ׼
һʹ˱ãúξϵ
̫ѡһУͺû̵ô˹ϵԴΧ
ҵĳֶݴĻᡣ
ƵΤΤӦʱ永Ӱ죬ָʧݷѾ¹ĳǳأ౻¹ˣջСҵΪŤתս֣žʾ򣬳ԮΤ䡣
ϵڶʹáϵڶʹ½ơϵڶʹѦʣ£ЭڵĹϵս
ҵϲԼϲƽţҵ尲𲻾õ̺̩ӭ˷չ׳֮ĵһο顣
͵̨ݽóгգ˭Ȳʳ͵г˭ܳΪϵһ̺š
ǹ̩˵ļȵ棬Ǽؾϵóг̩˶Ҫ緢ҶϾѦеңĿ֮ͷ¶棬ҲŻسѦžۣҲ᲻ñ룬纣ںݴ̩ͣ˱ݵ±ֻܽѧ϶Ըˡ
ѧϺͶžҪӳ˳ǰѦҲڱݷһѾռɵ
Ѧʧȥ˶̩Լ̩ᣬʣʮ˼Уû͡ձôҲǧ˵ѦȶŻѦҵͷ֮ʱǶԵص̽ɲСĺ䶯̻ӷϴ¥
ѦȲǺöԸˣѧδס
ݱ߾Ҷ׼ҪЯΤ֪سˣѦȵ˱ݵϢ󣬱ԥǷӦȥѧһ֮
ݵشϱļ紺ʱһƬΡƽҶ׼վڲt̨ϳ񣬿Ĵʵȴ˼ΰͻسˣԸϸݡ
Τ֪Ȼ˵Ҷ˼ȥ򣿡
Ҷ׼΢΢㵣ͷЦԭ㣬ʱίˣƽ޹ʶС檵ͷҶĳ
޷֪ҶǵĴ˵ӣһдͽͼı죬ѼǸõĻ֪ҶǼʱ뿪Ϊã
˵չǱ˵ĵطǴҵ񣬶һһΣաұسˣֵ̩ڱݴ򲻹ѦȡѰ
ˣҶȥݰɣս㣬ֳȻؾ
ƾ֪Ա߾˽⣬ƽʱǷ·ģֻսʱңѴݡ
Τ֪ԥһᣬ˵ʵи󵨵뷨
Ҷ׼üʵʲô뷨
ӶԶϸӵĹ۲죬ִ˶ʳӶԭϰߣǶգŴ綼ԭӣ˱ԭŴҵġҴǲ˵Ϥ̶ӦǽǳϸľӪҵԱĹϵǸԼҺ˺·й˳֮ġ
Ҷ׼˼һᣬ˵ͷ뷨ǣ
ݣΪδֳһ
Ҷ׼󾪣ɣ
һϸϵǼΤ֪һ¶ػΪʣ
Ҷ˵֪Сڱ߾󣬼˱̡գʮĽֳԺᵶѲںڳ͢ݵս³Խܲ߷󷽵Ķϸӣֳһ𣬶λмݸγɼлʱȫһƵУ
벻Τ֪Եǰսֵ˽͸Ҷ׼͡
һϸջȨƣ˳أ
ֻ֪һ֮ԼΪݵʣֳ
̫ҲôġΤ˺Τ˻ƽҡ
ûԹ֪Уϸӵ꣬Ԯá
ԲУ֪꣬ԭ·ۻعϵصϵپһж
عϵһأٵʱѾѦȵ¡
ѱݸøҲûʲô̩Ѿ֣Ժͼ¡
̩˲Ÿռ沢̩ͣ飬Ĵ̣ҵ³ʵһһϦɴյһѦȽݻʵɽ𣬱ܳΪ̩˷ͥĴšԺ󣬻жٻ⵹


89
˵ģҶ׼򴽣ˣһȥݡ
ս½ţսݼšһǼެɹʱƵתϸӱȻ׵ݣʱ֪ҪٺķѶٱƽ˵أ
Ҫڴ˵ز߷գ
ǵġҶȰһսȥݰɣѧϵ˻Ϻսؾ١
Ҷ׼֪ȰҲãһӣˣҽմУһ뿪
һԶٹݣμ׷ǵġ
֮ϣҶ׼ǣҲǿԸΪ׼Ҹ˵˺Щ֮Ҷ׼һȾƵʱɢ
Щ⣬˲Ż˷
Ҷ׼װȶߺİѶαƧ˴˵ֵܣС˲ڣǶɣ
αΤ֪꼸һ̤˼֣Щ˶
α󾪣һһףѿæҶ磬ҡҡȷʵǹκϣǻһǶģ**Ů˴ҶκϣһֱǷֹ񣬾ûԽΪţȥˣһֱκһ𣬿Լ֤
æƴǣûҪ˼ֻ̹һ¡κϡʵҵңҺװףûаֹϵ
ʲô
α󾪣Щܲ
ʵ׵ŮңֹУδ䡣
⡭ҶΪ
ʼ֮ʱ֮δҵһŮһᱻΪѣҵҡȴΪݣҲòװͿ˵ȥ
κ﾿Ǻˣ
ֵܣǷʵ⣿
Ȼ
Ǻˣᱣƽ
ҶǺ⣿Ұ֮ˣȻƴȫ
ãһ׷
һ磬Τ֪У׼Ҷ׼Ǳ𣬲֮һҲûУɻźȻȵˣ
ֻαӺ~~Ȼ˳Τ֪ԸгԾα㡭
ΤСл˵һȦ˲ʱ
㣡֪ҵˣҶأǿǶ
ΤСģҶʱں븸£زǲȥ
Τ֪ͷԣ֪αĺ«ʲôҩǿһϾ̬ӣǰк硣
Ҷ׼עһͼͨαΤ֪꣬˵š
ڲӪںݸ֮Ķթ๥ҵ֮й˳֮ġΪҵʤѶû뵽ֶ˵оɳ֮ʱڱѸٷˣ˶ղֹס
˵ϲڴҵв޿֮ˣʹͶϿҲ޷ȡڳ͢óȻͶҲһɵ³Τ֪Ͳͬˣ˫ŵùˣм以ͨϢȻˮɡ
Τ֪Ѵ⣬ڶϲ֮УյıơҶ׼˶αĳŵΤ֪Ҳһһ⣬㰲ȥˡ֮ǰҶ׼ҪԼǼҶ
·ƺ£һֱĬ
ЩӶûͬҶסҶ׼Ҳ֪ôˣһϵؽ磬˿ͷӵʵôˣһ·صģ
ЩĲɣ񣬺˵ûûʲôֻһ֪ܾ꣬˼ְˡ
պȻεѦ֮ˣҪȥѦȫձĵǹɲԤԽԽǿҡ
һҪУаˡ
Ҫ˵Ҫϲ󷽷ΤףֻС˽԰صķޣ޸ĸ֮ý֮ԣҲƸ飬Բġ
һ˵Ҷ׼ѦȵĴ黹Ѧϣ˵֣ҵҪ˫ȽƸ񡢼ױԭź飬Լ顢鵽ٸ󶨡Ѻ˾ǩ֣˵Ļϵʽգ˫ɼȢ
һֽ飬ֻܻʽҶš
ѦȵĻĻ䣬δټޣ˻뽻˼ûҺ֮һ·룬Ҳȥ롣
һֽкѣҰѦҪرǡ
ҪӲӲǺöԸˣʲôֵλ˿⣡ռұƭ㾡ȥƹСۿڲֿ⡢̽ȵȣ̽ʮ֪꣬ǹʵﹱ˰ҲҪ̶ɼֶ֮
һģ̳˾ôѦүƭתģôǼƭת
Ҳŵģû˶̩ͣѦҵĽɽʧ룬ԸƱڱƸۡһǴе׶༪٣βģ
˵֣ѦѦүҲȻˣΪλѦȺΪ
Ѧ꣬ʱųϱͷҲӴѦҵڲܲ³һѦҿƲƴ󣬶һʵơƭѦүʮżнѦȴѦүŷȨ߬ԼӪȨȥΣǱ˳⡣ѦȨʮżк󣬳˶̩ǮׯͶ̩ׯûһӯģǾӪ䱦Ķ̩¡ԼӪʯĶ̩䣬ֻΪϴǮڣعƣÿµĿǧ֮Ѧҵءӡׯӡ̵ЩÿӦ֮ǰѦ˹ţѦһߣвҲ˽ˡ
Ҷ׼Щզ࣬Ѧ˵̩͵ӯһ겻ʮٳΪ㹬͢ѹӯûĿЩӯȻѦڵĿգ
˵ЩԡΪϴӣȻѦȵĿڴ˲ѦүڣԼʱȥڡѦҾһֱû˲ٲƲЩƲǴѦҹгģӰѦȵ˽⡣ѦңѦȱˡ
ѦүǹȻ̼Ҳư
ЦѦһ֪ѦүѶ̩ԼʮżнǣһݣɴѼҲưգٸһտǡҴе޷չ˶̩͵ķ֧̺ţתһֲƲѦĳࡣ
Ҷ׼ȵͲðˡ̩̩֮˵ʽѾʣ࣬ò㹻ʱѦȾ̩˲̩͵ӦѦҹ⣬ܵǾʤȯˡ
ѦȲɵӣ̩ڣѦүϣѾ³һˣѦʮ˼бѦ߬ϰַԼĿڴƲỹȻѦҹ
ҲҲɲҪСѦүƾһ֮¶̩͵ĽɽǻܡͷӰ֮ˡǰѦᣬŻƫƫţ˲ٺôѦѻڲȻѦҲò˶ͭͼֻǲ֪Ѧүʲôƣϣ纣ܾߣɹѦүͷ


90
ݵսԽԽأ͢ȥʺˮһ㣬Զ۽ǵǣ꿪ˮã뻴ԱѾ˺ֵͷҲˡ
Զ򻧲ʩѹٴ˰вӣƽ֮ãٲһŹˮࡢ˾ũµȻӦˮ硢Ȱũɣˡ
ʵһԳ͢ĵߣǾǵ˱ָ͸߾ɳ֮ʷݡ
ҵ˰գҲ˰˰˰˰ȫʵ֣˰󲿷ʵ֣ʵķҵԻ֣˰˿˰Ի֡
ޡ˿ޣ˰ʣ˰Ͷ˰ûӡ
Ψһ취ģֻ˰
˰Χ㣬һвԸͶֵĻڿ˰ΧեȵģǸۿó׵Ĺ˰˰˰ʡʮһƥ˿س͢ǧƥɹس͢ǧʯسֵ͢ǧʯǣǣЩʵﹱ˰ƽ׼֣ܿʵ⡣
Ϊںݵĵڶó׿ڰóؽ
û˲ҪֻҪóͨ±ͨûггָˣ˰ȻԴԴˡ
Ѧкׯϴϵóг
ûᵱǰѦһ˴ȨӪȱ̽ʱȥһ֧ΪԼı˶أ
Ѧʱߵͥ־ͳһ󻹳ʹ尲ļ̺ţֱ͸־ӣ尲ǵĶ֣尲Զνʮ㡣
ѦȽȴ֮ʱȻִݣסѦȵıԷ˾ӡ
ѦΪ޷죬尲ѦkȴӲ֪Զϣһ
ѦkΪӣСڳ﹫гɳ¸԰мѦȵĹչթѦkѦŴһʿۣĳӦֻʹܣͶ֦ҲͶϣռū˶Ѧ⣬޿κΡ
Ѧܺ󣬱£̨û֮ѻҰܣּѦǣƲһĸֳͬѦɹಡ齡нľϧ̬Щ֮ҲɢˡԼ٣ҲǣңΨֻѦkĻ£ʮ±鼰Ůһ˳ɻ飬ڽӴ
ѦkйҰŮ֮£̨֮ԼǣŲ尲С֮ѦС˵־֣лǲ
մãѦkװ硢̤һӲ飬ǲ顣֮ʱһ飬ҲЩȰ˵֮ԣϸִ˻ȥ
尲ǰǣľӪʹ˵ذҵʢ︷ᣬ֮ǽ񡢸¥һɴ󣬳һ·ǳˮĦ࣬ǽһ󡢻裬뵽Լ˴˵ףԺ֮Ȼ۳
֪㵽尲ʯߣǰٹ𣬷·ʢΪǵ尲Ȼвٷżǰʯߣǰȫ֮䣬ʱϰ꣬بˮ࣬Ϊ׳ۡ
񿪴֮࣬һƬ
Ѧk֮£ȻҲף˼֧㣬֮ȼ㹩
ϱת뿪û˰סǵ˶
ѦkͷһλòŮӣ߸߼Ѿ֣ŮӵװɳţʹӵĴŴ磬һ˼ңǰСˣں£
ǡ˵žͽһѾߵݹһֽż㣬˵뿴ǷΪ֮
ѦkӹһԼĻȻٳ֮ʱӵǷ⸸׼ļ飬ʱִûźõ˳
ҪлȴѾ߶ЦȻ֮лһŮӻǸ׼ѯΪ˵ýġ
ԼǱջˣԳЦлת뿪
ʯԽԽ࣬Ѧkʢ㵽ǣ뿪һǸĸ٣뿪û֪ȥܹ鲻ףһмҲԼ鷳ˣôһ˶ʧһӱ㼲۶ȥ
·ǰһݽȴȥһŮӲʹڽصȴԮ
ȥʵСҪ
ŮתȻǸղŵĻŮӡ
ԭ㣬Եˡ
Ů΢΢һЦһɴݣԭʲô£̾ŵˣ·񱼣˱ն֪ȥݽ̶
Ѧķͷ˿ɫЩǣɫˣ˵ؾ尲нʮأʹ˻ȥȱһһôҲҪȵڡС㲻ƥ㿴Σ
Ů΢΢Ծһʱ֪λػǾһʶİӾȻ˺ˬʩԮ֣֪ǵѡ
ѾҲһŮģĹﳶ˳С½ǣǵҡͷʹɫ˰ǣĪҪһ·ͬУôˣ
ѦkﴽһЦȴѷǳУתŮ˵СĪҪģ²һǰ治ԶǸСջȥҵСӷŻȥмӱɡһӣԲʲôΣգС㣬߶Ů죬ЩؼҰȫЩǡ˵űתߡ
ŮæסлϺδСŮӹĸ󣬱븸ĸ˵л
ѦkͷҲصؼߣڰֲһ
ҡҸι黹
һƥСġ
ǡҪˣ
ԼȷʵҲҪŮӱ㲻˵ʲôг´ǣ̶˳װ
֮ʱŮٿ˵ıӰһۣһ
ѦkСջеѧѵʱʱĩ̫£ҹĻ٣ȴڿջſתȦȦ
ѧѵ˼ûæ۷үʱˣ˽Է֮Լ
ȥϴҲһǽСջǰһȣ˺ϵ֪ʱɻá
ѦkʱʱǰϤĳֱǰ֡
ү
ѧѵٴδߴ٣Ѧkڻع뿪
ʮ·һˮδѦkЩڿͣ뿪ٵƵһƬָѰϪˮȣƹֲŷԭ˵ؾȻһƬᣬȥǮ˼ڽıԷ˵أ粻Ƶᱻ˷֡
Ǯҵѵ֮ѦkЦｻѧѵ㵽СϪߺˮ
ϪˮͷһƬ죬֮ʱȻֲԶиŮӵӰſȣӦǸϪϴϣĺɫ֮ǰ·ؼҡ
˵ӰǡŮӦ
Լ˼ˣǰ֮УŮȻǴߣ˵֮尲ô˵ӦһŮĽҰϴأ
Ѧk˦˦ԴһϪˮͷ£Լѣ


91
ʱ̣尲ǿַʼԷĽ֮**͸̤żϧֻһ÷ݡ
ѦkЩ¥ݣβӢϲЩط꣬ҪȾƣӭϲãȻ˶
ӢӣʱѦkһǻǵİںԺһڹġү鼫ߣӵŶж⣬ȷɢ٣˼ݺԸͨıʵְˣμӿƾүƫϲͶ񣬰ѻʵ۵Ķگ֮߸󣬸µİһƾ٣һа񣬻ǻʵյ̽ɡ
ˣʿ֮͢Ʒ٣ֵҹڶȥ˵ǳ͢îʱ̾Ҫֵʵô硭Ҳû취ϵҲУҲУԻҪȥʲôȥɡ
ӾͿʼˣȥ궬尲ǡѦk尲ʧӢ°˳尲
ѦkԷĴţۼϾͲӰ۷Źӭ˹ӴѦˣϡ͡ϡͣѰְܸ˵⣡
ѦkšüϾһλܹӶżģںδ
ԭǲܹӵĿˣǲܹӲԷαǧ𣬴Ѿ̽Ĺ嵥ˣβ֪
ԭǺͲܹԼˣȻҾͲŴˣǺǺǡˣѦ뵽¥ĵ
һ±һССܹͷѦk¥ȥ
ŽķţһԹӢĿߵָؽڣһģ
Ѧkɫ£һһȻ˵ҿҪȢһҲԵˡ
ʵӢŻۣ̾һ벻õʦ尲Էҿڳźӵ̫ظڽ̷ĹƲţҲǣ
ѦkЦЦͬɡ
һˣӢƽкáŮ΢Ц˸лõݸߵŮߵߣΪƣºЦܹӼЦˣūãλүƻԣ˵ū򲻸д󡣡
䳾ǫѷĳ꣬δбȹ
䳾Цָһյ裬ϧˣλүȥˣһԷֹҪΪˡ
ӢǸóգһ⻰˵ãæץ䳾ʵԷˣƣ
䳾үģūҲ˵ȥֻ£ܿˡ
ˣǿϧˡ˵ȥ
˭֪أ˵Ǳ׷ɱȥ˰ɡϧǵүΪˣءǺǺǡ
һ˵֣ԱżȻ˾ҵĴһ
䳾æȣǲڱ˵ˣ㣬Ա߾Ϊˡ
ѦkϾ尲ϽﾹȻд˴ܶŹΪǻ˵ãҪ֪ǰҲ׷飬֪Ϊ
ԱߵġѩרõģԷż䣬רŵʦ飬רŵ̨ĻءӴˣвģЩвʢģɲֱӴô˵ģ˼ԺԻˣ˵ģɲʹô
ӢЦǣôų䳾㿴Ҳĳ˺ðɣһһֻ㣬ʲô벻ҵۡ
һһֻ䳾ˣӢȷʵÿζɴûǳüô
˵ЦҲԱߵ֣ҪٵһֻŵԱߡ顱һ죬ˣϴһȺŮӵļ
ȥǳˣѦk첽˳ȥ
Ӣһ˹ȥԿæ뵽Լ书һô죿æ֮һҾƣȨ׳һæ׷˳ȥ
ѦkͲӢ˴ѩƷزһ첱ӴֵĹӱ󺺺סﻹ֣һˣţѪֱ峤࣬ŴҲǸȨү
Ѧȴһס֣
˭֪󺺱סѦkͲӢϵõģǱǵֶӣ͢㣡
ͬӣӸӻ治һǾλͿ֮ĵȴһֻϵ׽Ļ׹ݣ߼ܳĹȨ߻ſعȣŵѦkĸ³ǺӢĸ˼Ҳȼأ
ǳˡ尲ĹӸ磬͢ҲϵѦkͲӢ󣬵±ȵѦkϽǷſӣҲԲ˶ߣ
Ѧkʾѧѵ͢㵲ȷûˣݣǼ󺺷ſ͢㡣
Ȼ尲ڳǱûʲôˣǼ˷֣к˶ȥ£λүǲ
ѶæСܹȥ˵һ𵹵صĹӡ
վѦkͲӢǴ󾪣ⲻǳӢô
֮ҵүȻڻΪһ糾ŮӴ֣򵽹Ҳʣǻƣ
ߵѦkԶ˵ΪǳݣֲñֳǶ͢㣬ȻֻͷΣûƷ׵Ʒǹأ˼˶ùģܲﻹǲĺá
ӢžЩԸԼһ¾棬ȿȣ˵˵ѰֵĵطҶѰӣѰʹġ˵ǶǴСĽˣˡ尲صĹ硢硢С磬һȾƵĺֵܣαء
͢½󣬰ѧѵһѲǰָ˵ҪĴβǱŻռĳӣԴԷƣ߰˳ɵĳӶռˣأҪ˵㿴˼ҶҪǸҰΪŮˣ͢ٶһָͷΪˣ
͢㻰ڣЩѿֻתȥԴᡣ
ǷģžԼĳӶضҲģֻǿڼӣû˵Ȣؼˡ
һ컹ˣһûʸܾ͢㣬ûʸܾκһĳ۵Ķ͡
ⲻ͢һѰ£һֱ̣Σ͢㾹Ȼڽ˰̣ˣ±һƿԼǰ͢һȭ͢㣬ΪҲҴ㣬ҲǿϵӣҪûϵһ̲Ҫſҽ¹ģ
벻һֹšʱҲжֵʱһѦk͢Ҫѧѵ£ȻͲӢһһϴ˳ȥ
ظ֮Ѧkѧѵʢŭ֮µ͢˸ʵӺֱͻ˳ſڣһ䡰յǸʧããҹɫС
ϾһѦk


92
ŷĶæ˵쿴һүæһ߸ɰһ߽иӭȥ
͢㲻ϻ˲ʣصб㵹ز˲ŵûɢţæ֪ͨ
һ˻λԼۣΡشӺø˹һֽ˴ֽ˰Ѿֱֵüɹ
ȫһ֣СҲ֪ˣŸϵ˴
һֱֳֻͦͦڵϣԱߵĴСˡֵһȺҩůУУһţȵҲЩˣǰסףʾǺ¡
͢ذѵʱĳ˵һ飬ҲͼӴָ尲Ѧkƫأӳ˿ֲװү˻¡
ԭֻ£˵ֳӦ˵òأڻԲӦ¡
ֹ˿޺ˣָʾźС˰͢ط䣬ֽдϸѾϸΡ
һӣڰŶǣ˵ϣˡ
׿ô˵ŮȷطϢһᵽֳп
֣ҡͷ̾ȥ
Է޸ƣʱδͷòֻ࣬ŮһһŮزۣʣµıֻ͢㡢á䷢ʮǰʣңҲϣһС檣һŮֻܹӡ
͢Ҷӣ䱦̶ȿɼһߣ䲻޶簮ӵˣƽʱæڳ£Ժδڹ̣֮ܽʣ޵ĸһ˵ȶҶ̫࣬͢Ը
㾭ĸʺ󽥽ֳ£Լϳɣ游׷ֵ£ׯȴóż͡󿴼˸ҹ֣ʮ˹Σﲻ˵ģ˵ﲻģ͢㶷⾰Űһ㡣
Էû֮ǰ͢佾ݣ¡֮󣬾һͷԽȥһ㣬ȰȰãҪȢ
Ȩʫ鴫ң޿һ糾ŮӽţѾͷС
Ϊˣ볤ӢమⱲӷɣ˼ʹ۰ҲԸ⡣ⷴ⣬ҲԼ͢㣬ʱʱĳӡ
ԷĸҲǸ̵ģԸⱻ׬ǱȴܼҡǮⳤĻˮһԵˮ̶ãˣֻҪسĳȥֻҪزӣļ۾ͺá
㸧͢㰲˯գҲǰٸнҪ氮ȢҲδɣǼΪһĳвѵİѹЩѹˣڹ͢
һ빬ܶ裬ܿ㻳Уͷ̥û£ö˶˵ľûˣڶ̥ۣôǸСӣմã¾ʹ˷ţϧزۡòһӣڲųʮꡣ
˲ûԭģЩгӵźòװͷĶһëͷСӣзгӵɶԵó񣬺޲ҳëڻʵ۸ǰԣѰŻ߼޻׶ǰ̣˿в̤֮֡
˻˳еĹְǨ尲ƫһԱ
ҪģҪ͵˶ң
㰾ʱҺۣ͢ʲôԼˣޣ֧ſ͢㴲߻˯ȥˡ
Ȼŵһ䣬ȻѣϿȥȻû͢ӰһԼ˯Աߵϣϻһ
ֳô
ûȷƽ֮ǰŲģæ齣Ь˳ȥ
硪硪Ժű㺰
СѾͷĺæܹС㣬үѾˣүйء
һתԼнѾߕźԼϴ
С㣬ҪүǱ߿ү
ȥúù򣬳ԣ
͡һЦ˳ͭдżŭЦۣ⸮ﶼ֪үˡ
ŕЦҲ̲סЦ˳ֻŸ׸ϽȢϱϱ
֪үôģôý˶˳ȥĪү˰ɣ
⻰ɲڱǰ˵
æ˴Լͣ˵֪ٲ˵ˡ
ϴ֮㵽ţſȥͿסֳѾڲˡ͢һˣæ߹ȥ£Ըһյ裬˫ٵǰ˵֪ˣǸĲǣԺٲˣͺյ裬ԭ¸һذɡ
㱾̧ͷ׵ǣֻʣˣûؽӹյ˵⻰άЧҾͰӷˣ
εǸˣοදֵ֣ģһֻʣˣҺѦkסȻһش˿Ǻá
һԶʱŭѿӡžһĵϣָ͢ŭϣ㿴һ޸֮ӣΪ˼Һ۸ˣСɽϰҹģϸС
ŭæ˿ģȥ
һȻһЩ飬͢˵ڼ磬úôлһѦֶͲֶص
͢æ˼ǡ
ˣҲϯɣλֶİˣСʱڳ˾һˣģ̫˼ڡ
ͷ
ŹˮƷ裬׻һصӣ²յʵ׿ǻŸصĶԹ
˿˵ǡҲʲôƲ磬Ӣȵɳգз紫ʦԪһ߻ıһλС桯ĵõˣʦΪ۵ס֮λΪĺ˵
Ůأʱǫѷ񣬲丸һ֮ѡ
ϣǣҲпδ͵㣬һ˺ؾưոݡȻӣҲ֣Ҵȥһ˾ϵȥ常İԺסһʱ䣬һһ尲־磬ҲЩеĹӸԶһ㣬ܶȥ飬Ҳϻοˡ
һǱ£Ůġ
죬Ҷܲһӡ񶼶ʮˣҲͨԣЩ֪֮ô֣Ҳٹ𣡡
֪˵ֻҪ͢ԺǾûµĿܡ
ΪԺɽĶƣʮִżͣѵشϻ֮صһСԺӪɽԭĴԺϹһѧ֪͡ڣ͢ҲҺΪ


93
תʱѦkͲӢ󲻱ܾӦԼˡ
ͬУ;һɼĴ˿УӢŬŬ죬˵û͸Զ֮һɣش̣˵Ӱɣ
Ѧkһǳׯȷʵģ󣬿ѦҪˣ㵭Ȼһ䣬Ҫʲô尲ܵ˵ġ
Ѧ֣һʱʱ˲öѣȱ°òˣ˲ŵģʱи߹λ㣬α˻ģ
Ҿ尲ĸãزس˶ν
Ҳǣҿ尲ַɣҲûУȳǾн̰պöˡҪ㣬Ͱ˼ʢζ
˵ţʱ㵽λڳǶĳۡ
ŷǶˣҲͨźǣġ·ģò顣
ƣǺ磬ѦkͲӢ󽻻һ񣬱㳹׷ڵС
ռز󣬵ȴǱж죬Žһʯ磬ƹһˮˮϼʯţʮģŷҵĸû֮˿⾰£ˬ泩
ʯžһһտǰŶϰϰһһأǼɽȣض԰ƻͨӦþˡϻʱǰС˱СܹȥͨʱЦ˳һһŮ
ѦkͲӢæҾ
λֶ⡣͢λ֣겻ǶǵˣǺǺǡ
ŮӸ֮ʱѦkֻӰϤģ־Сʱļ䡣
˼ʱŮӻ̧ͷĿԣ˶ǳԾ
㡭
㡭
Ŵ㵵ˣʵǼѦֶȥŵ尲ӡǻδ氡
ԭ尲ѦˣСŮˡףɻǵǰҵǧʯ̶λʿ֮£
ǵáǵãŶʿĪǾѦֶ
Ѧˡ
ѽԵˡ뿪˶ˣȴټˣγȣϷȷʵҪлѦֶǡ
أ֮͡ˣ
͢һæֵ֪͢³çðλֲǣǱߺȱġ
ԭѦkȱһλԵⳡͲƱˣټһЩʱ£Һܿ
ѧ峵һѵϯҲϼ䣬ƷΧɽȴһ̬˸ƣʱһֱͷԷ
žͲĵʱԶؽϵó򣬷һϵ񿪿ػġֶ̼ó׵ߣԭԾԾԡ
˵尲һǣвٴ̼׼ϵݳǣһЩʱģѾڳﻮеҵ֣尲СȨլۡȴҵ׻ԾΪղ෹һ̸ʡ
ʮ¶ǣЩ⣬ƽʱ̫˵ĻҲ˵ˣȻҳụֹ֮֮̃˵Ʒһٺ»ҲһǧʹϷϽɵ˰Ҳ񲻶ࡣ尲һҾӪó˿Уһӯ¾˵͢Լɣô̫ƽ׼Ϊó֮ô
Ӣӻ˭˵أҲǸˡҳרӪڻͲֹ֮ǲáĿȡ˾ƽ׼ͭҲǮ֪ȥˡ
Ѧk˳æһš
ӢһھƲѦkôһȣǺȿȿȡ
ǺǺǡްް˽˵䣬ᴫȥģλֶؾн˵ѦֶԾӪң֪Եǰϵľкμ⣿
Ŵ˻ͷԷȻ̧ͷؿѦk
˵游볯Ϊ٣һ֧һֱڳ˻;ϵľӪҵ˶ԾӪ֮˽⡣尲Ĵ̩ˡˡ¡ԼȻЮʱǿƽפ尲ĺУѾֱݣһ沢ս⡣
УǺǡ־ϵ׳ҲҪƷһ
һ˵Ѧܶ˶ЩԾ尲̽ŪУȻμҵ̺ţ
͢ӻμ˸ң己ܣ˿ڶ˱£ԭһ漮˶ݸĲҵЩСģλó裬һŮ۽λ־һСһ·Ϊ̫䣬вв֪Ū޶ʲƣˮʮӶʮ
͢پѦܶһת丸˵һֱ£Ҳú㣬ƣֻܴˡ
δ̣Ӫ֮ҪһͷײȥҲҪȥ˽ܶ飬غѾҪлˣЩпյ˵£
͢ŵͷ˵һֺһֱ֣ʱ̲ɢ
͢ԴѦܶ˵ſڣ˵˲ٸлپ֮ҪֱʱȻһ£æסѦkȻת˵˼仰ЦӦһܿˡ
ǡ
Ѧ˲æߣȻˣһǣȥǿһƥԣ㲻̰ȥ
˵ţǵС˱ǣѦkǰµƥ
ӢЦⶥ˶ѦkС˵ⳤ˷䶼Ƿӣҿǡ
Ѧk֪Щ˼ǣҾ뿪
·ϲӢ󻹲䣬תһ룬Ѧk˵Ͽʿŷ˼ңܽ׵ģҪϲС㣬ҪЩıȻָһ˼Ҿͼ޵ŵȥˡ
ӢԲҵսŷ֧֣֮۹ͣŷʢһ˼ҳҵۻ⣬ܴﵽŷĸ߶ȡνܱܲס˵мż
Ѧ˵Ѧƽ׼ڹд󹦣ҾҵҵΪƣһƷ³عֱ֮μң뵱ף־Ǵ壬ﲻӴϵŷӵܣҲλλŵһƷƽľλ
ϡ¬ϣݷĶƷݺϵĺźӾͷ⺫ҵŵⲻѾյ߾λһĸ߶ȣʿŷֻҪ޸Ůʵ۰ò¾׵õʿŷۡƽֻ˷ѿࡣ
ѦkӢ£㲻żȻʽǣЩ۵ǰҲһƲܵ飬˱⣬ھϵȺҿȥˣͱ尲¼ҹ˰ɣҲԷ֮ףҿɲ廨ǲͻسˡ
Ӣһʱֻס졣


94
Ҷ׼һڵ˱ݣѧϺͶžǼյѾڳúլۡɨ˵ˡ
žֱټͶ˶Ǹˡž鿴桢ݣѹѣٲ뿪
ѧϾԼ˶µѾġжȣһ˵رѰһסֿٲߣ̽˲ٱ̽Ķ̬¾㱸ֻǷһ̨ϵˣ̩˵ķֺžܹƳˡ
˶ѦȵˣȻܳ棬Ѧ뵽㣬ׯ뿪֮ǰٺһλף̩˱ݷֺ̩ʢ¡
˿ʼʶ¼ˡ
¼ׯڰԺѧǵͬڱ֮ϵһͥɥͿĸ丧ˣСʮֶ£Ϊ̿࣬ȡϹһѧԺ
¼вԺɽݶмӣƾҲ֮һа񣬸нʿڷⱦĸǴǹٻ磬ٱ֪ˡ
õϵκ󣬿ʼԼĻţѦСҶ׼˽ʶׯׯѸڼҵ¼ƼãΪıʿ
Ҷ׼ȱ֣Ե¼˳
˵¼ó̩˷ֺʱҲûκ˵ע⣬ֻһͨʿѣȻҲȥ̩˱ʵʿˡ
Ҷ׼ǵ¼ƾӡʮĶլۡڸƼıݲۣѧϵ۹ⲻͣլڵĹνϷһССĶԺӣвáͷ鷿ͤӡӡ԰ɽʯȣνһС͵ġԷԷʺҶ׼ž˾ס
ƾӵλУһС¥һ¥ѧס¥۲츮ж̬Բ߰ȫ
һС԰еĳˮ֮һ۾õС¥¥ԱһСţֱһʮɵխƾλβһСż绥ͨϢխΪƾΪأ¼ڸ¡
ѦȲñ˶ڱݳ˶̩У尲лɷݣֹɣšһ˽֪μҵĲҵѦٲȻھϵĴˡ
Ҷ׼벻ô¿ɽǼӿ춯̩͵ĺռݸ۵ĺгͬʱʼ뷬̽Ǣ˿񡢲ҶԼͭƷóס
̩尲ԻóңҶҶ׼ľӪѾһĹѦƴ󣬵ǰҪǺˣʮżԣҪΪ㳯͢Źڵ˵˾רӪ߶гǴڻóף˻ԴԶû̩ʢ㡣
̶Դ󲿷Ʒ෱ֻ࣬ԷضгҪסϧۣ˻Դʼ俼ǵѡ
̩ʢ붦̩״ν֣ǲҶ
ѦȵĲҶԴҪǺϵԼϵһ˵ĲҶǾɱࡢΡɵȹɣƷɫ䡢ζʡƷǶͥݴɽë塣ҲǴͳҶгĳ
̩ʢʼʱɫһպȻ֮պڱݵһ¥¥Ʒᣬ̻ᡢԼʿ¥Ʒ裬ͬʱ¥ǰͺԺ趷˶ԴҶ̩˵Ĳ趷һ뵽мҺ͹ƷͶƱһʤ˽˲ҶʤߣһԴҲ̩ܽʢĲɹ
ݴδй޴ڵĲҵʢᣬһʱ֮䣬иҵԲҶЩоߣԼΪƷһ̩ˡ̩ܲܽʢĲɹҪ˵ͨҲûлԴɹҪһƽͷһ롣
Ʒ᳽ʱſʼ¥îʱѼˣ̩ʢɳһά򣬳ʱﳤĶӡ
¼îʱ̵¥ܿʰ˳أҡϿʼ½вԲ˹ʳͻʡޡɣȵص̣˻ǵһμƼĳ棬һʱ۷׷ף档
õֵ֧Ѧȸû̩ʢ̩ʢٰνƷᡱǭ¿Ĵȡˣֻ˶̩һȹ³ϯԼӦһڲҶӦ֮䡣ֻҪЩҶӦס̩ʢǧʲҲòԴûлԴٴͷ㡣뵽ѦЦһյƷ
Ʒĵһڣ̩ʢ¼һ¶ԼƷ
ղ衢گ졢üԼƬ
⵱д˵ֻղͶüü̩ʢƣԹϵƷʱ䲻ʹûȹҲ˵ղ裬һֲҶɫڣ㲻㣬һֱԡ塢ζʡΪƷ׼ʿ׼ϲʿı׼ֱӰ׸ƵȨ׼ı׼һղͲˡ
֣δšƬδ˵Ҳġ
¼öԼĲҶȳһگ죬һֻյУϯ˵˲گɫޡߡζŨ֮죬ȴһֲͬķζ֮ʴˬˬ
˵ţһţ飬ֱײյһƬȣֱֱضţ飬㻬ʴƷ֮
ڴҵֻټ£ƾˣϾû˻ôȲ裬ڲ˹ʳͻʵֱ緢¾˷ܲѣΪһϲţ飬ţڼͬڴҵһ㣬ѰʳƷƷ˲ܸţԵζ飬Ҷᱻ̧߼ۣ
һ¼нӹţĲϸϸƷܿ㴫һ֮̾Ʒ˵һС߳
űͬگղ衣
˲ɫگأ봫ͳҶ죬ϸƷ֮¾һ´ľɹ١ǰѹִǧ㼯һڣʱӯڳݣ־ãʹ˾Ϊ֮һ
¼ü˲ѷ˵ζ٣˵˲軹һص㣬ʺϳڴ棬ԽԽ㣬ԽԽ
ֻ֪֮Ʒǡʡ롰ۡ²۾ʧݸ죬벻˲跴֮ԽԽ㣬һƬ档
ֳ˵ķӦ̩Ĺձͷ߳һ㱡ȥ˭ϡ̩̲裿Ƕ̩Ѷֿ̲費ֻڲ̲ûԽԽ͡
ǹæһӣϽ˳Ѧȡ
֣Ƭ⾹ǲԾϵصһֲҶ˲輯ζ뻨һ壬㣬ζáȱŨˬڵĲζҷĻ㡣ƷϮˣʷڣĿ
˲һȱɣ޵ȶһϲв¼¶
¶һ糱ΨԼòǶ¼Ҫȶ˻ټƷᡣ
½ڵҲߵ־˹ǿȺ￴֡


95
ԸߵŤͷһ˵˵֣㲻˵⾸ϱ߾ǲë֣֮ҿ尲Ҳ˶
͢Ҳɵۣʮǰݿ常ʱûôİ벻ʮ겻ݾˣʢ뵺˴˱ݺۿڣ治Ǵꡣ
ڿֵˣ͢ͲӢ˲ŵݣ㱻֮Ҳңˡ
ԭ͢Էǳ־类׽ڼңЩҲû棬ֻһڼҺƾƣѦܶĸһ磬ܱǿʼ֮ʱ͢㲻̫Ըúǲһ·ˣͲס󣬱˶һΡ
ҹµգǺȾƸʫĺʱڣѦkӢò죬ȴ͢ѧƸſտҲľƺŻþƶˡ
Ӣһۣ֪ˣ˳ʫȭơͶ串˫½ֱ͢㶺ֿ˻
ӢҲ˷һֳ֮꣬¾ûûûģ浽֮ʱѻʫѦkҲ˽ĸĺò֡
͢ѦkӢҲǲˣƵŨʱСʱںԺĻ¶˳ˣȾ̸ϷѦkҪֵ˻᲻ɢ
˿ͷƾֱ㾭ˣ͢佾ݣϾܡҡΪѧҷѬȾģΪ˺ˬ塢̹ʹֱСۣѦܶҲѡ
һ̯͢ƣҪȥݰԺ常һʱա͢ò׽ѦkͲӢŵѣ尲ǣ׺Ȼôһţʮֲʹ졣
ǡѦkͲӢҲͣŽƿģһšôһ˵Ӣ󷴵ģ⼸ֻ꣬ݡϵδȥڴ̣ȥҲû˼⾸ϵ̺ŶսһţĶȥͷӹ˵ԼҲȥϵһ
һӢҲҪȥ±ʮָˣ˽ͬУ֮Ҳиչˡ
ӢԼ죬ġ⡱Լûܾˣװôһү治֪·Ҫٶġ
Ӣ˵ҲҪȥϵֱ͢ԼĶ䣬ֱ˵֮󣬺˼
ڶͰѶ˵׼׵ˣʮСˡѾֵ߲ȣźʳסС
ӢʹԼ죬޾ˣӵģ峵ֱǸԼ˸鷳
͢Ҳ뱻׵߶ţ˾ϵҲɣ㽫ЩŶܾˣֻһһѾ߸ţźЩճӱɡ
šӣתһȥϵңЩСϸھҲδɡҵֵʢ̩񰲣ֻҪ߹ٵӦûеģС͵СҲ˲ˣЩ˲Ͳɡ
͢һһĸ֣֪Ӱ£רڼϼѵģ͵µ׼ҵġ꣬͢Ĺδ£͢˦ԼȥԷصһΡ
˵¥ǰ֣ǰɽ˺ȫǺף֪ǺáӢ켣о飬˲λӣֱǰ˸λãٰ͢һ˽ȥ²ſС
̬Ʒ᲻òжˣһƷü̩ʢĿƷҲ˵ˣ¼ðҪãкְżλһȹ¼Ʒ᳡
ĴְƷ֡ɫʵءݵȷʮƷһȹڳαһܡ
Χ۵Ⱥ㣬ЩƷ֮ЩεƷѾûȤǿʼߴٿʼһ軷ڡ
ƷĶ֪ԼĲҶ̩ʢıȣһȷʵˣӵջ»ԾԾԣǴߴʼʢܶҲ飬ϾλӸ綷ʲôļˣ軹ǵһμе˼
Ⱥӿ̵Ʒ軷ǽвȥˣǹ½ȥʾ¼ú󣬱ֹƷ軷ڣֱӽһ軷ڡ
һʼǰõ㱻׵ȼˣ죬ֱԪƻỹ֣һֵһŵ£ЩӮ̩ʢһЩεСƷֵģ϶ֳŵһУֳһ¸߳
͢Ҳ˵ȼˣҲһѣǽ˹ҪŵĲҶͱ˵ǲҶģ˵Ӯһơ
ţȺȻΪʮһˣˣȺȵÿÿѦү·
ԭͷʢĶ̩Ѧˣ˶׷ÿһ·ЩͷϲõģõֽҲòԴ鲻Ըõһԡ
͢ò׷ĲҶôһݺƿǵӸˣʱŭǼƢҲҪȥѦۡ
Ӣæס˵үװ磬ɱ¶ݣ
¶ôڶˣ¼Сɣ
ǿɲСѦȣ
Ӣһ˵͢Ȼ򣬡ŶǺݻѦҵĴѦȰߣҵʲôͷأһк㡢ͽȨλС˶ѡ͢ƽıֲҲ֮
үüأԺkǰǧѦҵ£Եл͡ǻȰذֿɡ˵ŲӢһȺй۲졣
ѦȽ¥¼ôӭ˳󷽿кƷ衣
Ѧ֪¼ֻǸܣ̩ʢĶˣ˸û¼÷һ£ʢ˲յɫ
ЦЦ˵ĸλǲҶмҾǸʹԲҶоڻ֮ϣҶʵسɫ¾Ͳ˵ˣȴ˵˵ġǡ֮ԳΪϵϱɫġ塢šž̩֮֮ʢǲ塢粻ʵΪ֮ľƥ䣿̩ʢǣͶȡɡλвһҶĿ̩ɽ
ѦһǵһЩα˵ˣ׷׽ͷӶ̽ʱͷͬ
ֻ¼Цյղگ죬Ųæߵ¥ſڣչһ٣˵λ뿴ɫǲ塣


96
ҫ£ֻյеگ޳ʣղ͸Ũͣյʵ͸ʵĺ챦ʯһ㣡
ڵļαȺڶΪȣ档
¼֧һС̿¯ϷһɰעˮˮʱһСƬʱƮ㡢ݷĺҰ֮УĿ
˲ĿϸƷ׳ޡ
¼󻺻˵֮Ʒޣ⼸Ʒһ㣬ʵ޻ʵ徻´Զ˻áߣľӣ
ã
ȺʱһƬк֮׶
ȻӢ󲻽һȣóϷ
Ѧȿųŵ¼ãһƬң˵ؼȫͷˣϲ¶ӣƣվ˵ǧ磬ãµĿλλĿѣ˵Ҳǽ֮ã˷ΪڸʵΪҪ˽֪µĶ̩ԴԺѦңԣϣʵǻԴǴҵһһУƷӣҲ˵˰ɡ
¼ɫѦүѴˣѦҳһָĴ̺ţҵǺݶ̩̩̩ͣʢĲҵ׷ԴƫΣġ˵˵˵гͨƱһң
Ⱥ׷˺̩ᣡ
лλЯû̩ʢµ̩Ǯׯ£̩ƱǴҵҲܳ˳ͨƱ˵ײһŴӵƾ֤һֽˡֽ֮ôĹΪֽǿ֧𣿣
ãȺһкá
ӦһѦүʵغͻԴ̩ʢҶʵأڸղŵƷѾôҶʶˣпڽԱڳޡߣմֵĶᣬҲ˲٣һģɣɼ¸ƷĲҶԾټáڻԴ¼ڴ˳ŵֻҪ̩ʢǩ˵ĵӣԼʰ֣٣
ãʱ¥УĻ˵öû
ѦȿԼѾѹֻ˦ȥ
¥Ȼע̬Ҷ׼ò¼ãʼ¼õһԹƼĴӳ벻˳侲жȣ֮ѧʶڲ˵á˲ţЩС¡µµΪľͶˣаڹ֮ʱֻһԶ֮صƷѡٹٵӹµ
Ҷ׼˵øƻڣ̾ѧϣҪúѧϰѧɲˣ
ѧæͷǡǡҺҪңү˵ĵһܰҭ
Ҷ׼Цǫ飬۾ݸۺͱݸ֮ʱҲݺأȲġת͹ȥˣ벻˴ıݸʢȴʷϧˡ
Ҷ˱ÿϧү˵оǣ׺һڣõ¡õ±ǲһ⡣
ꡭҶˣҶţϵʿЩֽĳƺϽˡ
ԡԣүС˵ˡ
Ҷ׼Լĺ룬ԳЦЦ
Ѧ¥ĶУ¼ǩӵԽԽ࣬¥ѾкˣҺԼҵܣ׵Ǣ̸¼ñǩԼ뿪̩ʢĴλ̸¼λϵһȹ¿ţ뿪
ݱؽУѦһ֣͢ѾûϷ£ټϲӢĺе˻Ҷ尲ģһϳ͢Ͳˣ͢뿪׼ϰԺȰү常
͢ԣ˰Ժζűؽգɽ֮·ԵΪ尾ͣͣٶٵʱ䣬ֻһСɽͺˣɽһ·
͢㿴˿ɫӢ˵֣ҿ콫͸ҰˣһǻҲ丹ҿ۷ݳǣҼջͶޣһɽҲ١
ӢɲٴⲻðүһڻؾҪ˭֪͢šƢˣǲǰߣƵĽ˰ʱºˣȫˣֻܿĻӿ·ɽ
һСΣǰԼҰ໽ҲûаձλүƽӢȻɽҸũһСջţɽ
Ӣһ룬رݳǲ˵͢ŲߣɽũҶԸһϲŲߣҾɽţҪֱܾӽɽʲôޡ㵱۷ɽȥ
ԺϾ֪ԺɽҲȱ𴦷ЩиСӣطõһӦҲȫõһջҪļϷֶһϯλӽȥ
ȥ֮ʱۼ͢㷢ֽλˣм죬ջƹ谵УǶסŲü˼
ӢΪҪʲô۶ӣ˳ʵүôˣ
֣㿴ǽˣɾ죿
ӢûǱ߿ȥ⾸ϱ֮صĻĽҰôˣһۺҲסˣȷʵм죬Ҫ˵尲˵λӸҲţֻ벻˭
͢㿴ģ֪ҲϤˣҲϤǸǵˣߣ֪ļүҲ⾸ϵ֣ƫֻⱻнġ
ƶѣļүһʿ磿һ˼ڻĽҰСջϽԷȥɣҶˡӢҲĥߴż䡣
ţȻһ͢Źֵĺʱ˵˳ȥ֣æϡ
ֻһصʳͶԾɢһߣ꼰޹󺺣ͷŵ໽УһǯסڵϣġٿƷ󺺵ˣǽ꣡
úú
ԼŮҲҪ㻹ǲˣ
һ˵˲ע⵽һӵŮӣһһףӦĸŮŮŲСӣ÷ۿɰġ
صˡˣСǲˣǡǡߺˣŶȥ
ȺһƬ׶һӣǸ˵͵СǮ˺ϣֻӴãڱӽŮҪǵ㾡ٸλǼ֤
Ǹлɷһͬ뿪˿ջ


97
ֿ꣬ܶתȥӢ߱ҡͷ̾Ϣϧˡϧˡ
͢ɵĵģϧˣ
һ֪׻˵ǿѹͷߣ˼ҵϵڸ˼ѿмǺޣֵ֮¶ƣеǡҿ
ѽǿɵԴӢ۳Կ
Ӣšü˵үǰôȻأ
ȣ͢ȷʵʲôӣƽС֮£ԳǿǾ塣ȻҲ֪Ҿ尲ﶷ߹Ⱦ£ʲôˣǺЩӸ֣ǿѹաҸɹֻ²
æɫүȷʵ
ӢҲ֪ӵܲڴˣȻ˱尲ʷ˸͸ˡһҲ֤͢ص鷳δΪѹ۸˼ңɼƷǲģ˵Ҳˣ㲻Լס˼ң
͢һᣬȻ˹ض˼䣬ͷҾˡ
Ӣ̾˿֪סģֻ¼Ⱦơ
Źʱ͢һ󶯾ǹѹ͵ĽŲ˵OO@@¥¥һӲ뿪˿ջ
ҺзѾڿջţ˵ٶȣͲӢӸɸϲϡ
ϲö֣Ȼһ·˽źȻȺһ
˫˵ֱ浶ǹشܣѧĶ֣±֣˱ſ˴룬ʣƲæͬûӡ
˱һ·޶ӦǱ˷ԻˣͳıƬæҪⲻãһʱһ꣬һüĿĹҰ
ֻ˿׹أü޳촽΢߽ϴذ£½΢¶һ׵ĶǶʱͨ죬ҲǣҲǣ˺һӦøæƬιУͳһСƿа¶ţǹѹ
΢΢ʱֻһİӱԼپԼһ߲ǹʱ󾪣һƿվҪܣҩྡྷڣͷĿѣû߼ˤڵء
尲̣ǻˣ˵ҩҩδɢǿ˹ֻ˼ӣ

áã¾߷Χϣҩɢ
ǹ￴Ȼվסֿ˿ܱߴ򶷹ĺۼ־ɵʵң
ǰɡүںֵ˵һȺ˷ĲС㲻ұܼʱ¡
ү˭
үǱү㹦ԽˣҺ׷͢ϵֱԼ尲ɫȮ壬Ժɵˡ
Ӣ̬ǰҾð尲̣
Ӣ󣿣
˾ֱԼ֣Ӣæ̧ͷɫ
͢㣡
Ȼʶһæǰϸ㡭ǡΤ֪ꣿ
͢־ϲһŵ˵أԭΤ˵ǧ𣡲Ƕ尲ˣҲͲôʶģ
ӢҡͷЦ绹СȥĶײˡϵʱΤչˣڽڶʹСסһʱա
͢Ȼ
˵ز˵ĵطǻȥ̸֪꣬㻹ߵö·𣿲еĻұ㡣
ӢҪǰΤ֪æƴǣڽ£ôҲܺ׽뵽Ȼ뵽պǰ׽ʱ糺죬æͷ
ӢЦЦԼΤ֪ϣһ߻ؿջ
ԭΤ֪갲źΤյĻ㲻ٴ븱񴻹ǰӵĻԼһҲΡǶϲжαڣ˵ֱӾܾɣģܾɣֻֻᣬԺ˵壬Ǹɴ뿪Ҷ׼
Ҷ׼ݲع⣬Τ֪һΣֻ˵Լֳϵմ֣ΪȫŮװֻϧһţǱ˰һ
͢һ˸ˣˣӲɽδһݾݹٿջ˵϶ǲӢɵĺ£޿κΣֻø常ɽȥˡ
Τ֪ѺýоһЩ뵽Լʱʮӡ̣͢˼ǹ˸л
֪ŮӺѾʮֲ˼֪ǵǧЩ޴֣ګԣллˡС˷֮¡֮¡
Τ֪Щߵصͷæתȥ
ܡΤװ尲Ͷ׵ãڵǰ˱ݳǡΤ֪ز죬һʱ֮Ҳȥ̩ʢҶ׼֮Ӣ鵽ݸһʢĶȥڱݳһջס£Լ漸ٷֵ
̩ʢڱݿ˸þ֣Ӧֵø˵һ£ѦȴЩأҶ廹ΪΪ͢Ҫ󻧲ѹ£纣ͨ鶦̩͵棬Ͻɶһ˰ûֱӳ
ѦĽʱȻʧЦֻмٹ˽б˽ҵģδм˽ùߣң̩һӯʮʹȫʵ͢ÿʮһ˰ʣϽ˰Թ˵ֻǱˮн
ĵģ
ߵģ·ơԲսս
ɹѦңԴԴϵسȡѦҵĲѦҲǹ˳Ӫ̩;޷һ˳طչ׳̩ʢΪҵһ̺ţȴӪҪ˵ɺ̩ʢ˭Ҳš
ݵĶֻ̩̩ʢΧԵĵһжһղ̩ʢ£һղݡ
̩ʢҪһǿӻ󵽿
̨󣬻ʵ۳ĻӽʣҪôĸóҪôĸ̫ҪʱգѡѦ뵽ԼĹø
Ҫ£͵ø̩ʢȥʱ̩ʢĵϸҶ׼áׯΤ֪ˣ᳹ױ¶ھƤ£һǵзѣǶ̩ʢ˵֮֡
ʵ̫Ѧûаա
һҹѦЩ˯ޣȥֵĳ˯Ҷ壬Ǹɴһƣڴ꣬һ˼
ѦҶԣһֱһʵĴڡ
ѦŮѦյָ龴ȫ˵ȵ۶ѦҵĻʶƵӵһʿŷձȨģ͢òĽ¹Ѧֻ֮󣬿ƾˣƾԼʵһ飬Ż࣬㣬ԶԶΪĶ
ˣѦյĻ£˵һ⡭


98
ѦкҶ徭ĥѺ󷵻س˵ĵһĺ˵һƷƣļҳ˳Ҳ塣ҶϾھ󣬾ͬ̽ĸҲ֮С
ѦкҶһʷȸ߽ڹٶ׷ӭ˳ԳŮʡ׵ǽӴѾںԺ԰Ⱥ
ʱѦԼΧǽвŮ۽ƷΪǲԺʷƼ˳˳ǰͶ̩ҵľС
ʷлѦУЦлѦʢ飬ȷʵ׼ԺСҪؽġ
һ˵ҶҲ⵽ˣ˿Ǹп֪Ժķʮˣ󡭡ˣôȻҪ𣬷һҲǿԵģαţʲôҪ;
ǡǣСһ¾УүصطԸٽү·ġ
ѦҶ˾δ˵ү綩°ԶݴսһʱҲûɻɣ
˵£ȷʵЩͣҲһʱᶨġү˼ãټæ׼ܣʧΤһΪ
˶֪ΪƸȢΤ֪꣬ҲΤ֪볤˵򣬵Ǵ֪ķӦΤҲδͬµƣ飬ֻµͷˮһգѦкҶһۣòģǼǰС
ϣ˻ʡҲҪΪ뿪ˣҲۣһС·ŷؼѦкҶ̸
޺˳;Ҳƽ̹ĸҲûʲôĵˣֻǿұ뵽k꿪ſϯƵģ˾ȥ֮尲Ҳ֪尲Ǳ߿Ʒ̤ǿ
ֶͬҲԶģѦkСڳ˳󣬳лϥ£뾴ĹֶȻҪҲûεѦҪѦҲ⣬˵˺ЩȰοĻ
Ҷ嵣ﲻùѦk£˻⣬徭ʱڶˣĺʱڣ÷꼾δڿ²ľĺʱɣ
Ҳô˵أүż˵׼⿪ʱڹ࣬һʱּΤҵĻ¡
Ѧмžƣȴ͸˾⡣õĻ²ڳָ֮͢Уɻ޵ģϸҪԶָ飬ֻѾΤӦʱ˲ٶӣ޿κֻ̧ʵΤʩѹ
Ƿˡ尲ǴֹеŹ㡢ʿŷΪһҪΤң
ĸֶ˵ΤҵǧΤ֪꣬ƺѾ뾩֪ȥˣںΤ̸£ǲִ̫һ㣿
ȷʵ뾩ȥǴ˵ģ˵Τµʱյ߱˵Τֳ֪Τսһֳһؾ˵һһ£Ҳǰأһ¸飬˵ˮˡ
̸һ֣լкȻ˼ŮԭǾļŮŵޢ껪˵Ҷˣһ𵽺Ժˣ˫½Ůʲôģоӳһŷݣò֡ҶֲǣǱ˴У׼һغլ档
Ѧ벻ԼСھܻӭϸ֮ҲܿţҶֻǸŮռ˾ٺôҽܹҪ޵ģԺլв˵δķǻѦңӵѦһӣԺѦкôȻٲǵķݣԺҶ崦ùϵǶ԰һ
ѦסҪ뿪Ҷ壬ǣЦȥԣǲɺСһϴˤˡ˵ǰЩӻͷۣ񴺺ͣҪײ˷磬Ȼˡ
һѦӵģסЦ
Ҷ忴ЦʱæѦе֣һ䡰֪ˡת뿪
ѦпžĺլʱЩԼĹĸ;һӣǾĺլȴ̺죬÷ʢɼǾǲ˿ྴоǺελԶ
ºֺһȻʵֶŹĸʱҲⳤ˳Ϻŵˣ˵ʱѦ׵﹫ӿ̤ż֪ʹʲôѹȺۣӮüˣĸʹ˵˵Ҳѧһлȥ塣
Ѧôһ˵ǳһĨ״Ц⣬ЩɬԳүȵ۵ĳӣУ˵ѦǸʻ࣬Ҫʲô
Ȼ£ѦҲʶȤͷɫؼƷƣ˻⡣
һᣬȻиСѾͷŵ˳۵ع¿޵ѦˣաղСںԺˤˣڻ˹ȥλϿȥ
ѦһڡվլȥҲһǣϱСѾͷ˺¡
ղСүķݵǵĲԺȥ񣬿СԺڶײСүԼȥ˭֪Щ۵ӹƵĴҷţСһСıˣͷĵ˷ϸߣͻԹȥˣ
һǳ£ɫƺˣæ߿˼
˺ԺҶѾ˿ͷϣҽҲѾˣһ԰
Ѧ磬齱£صҽ
һҽٷ˵ѦˣСֻǿ˶ͷһʱԣ޴󰭣ϷʩΣܿѡ
Ѧһæóλ˵˾Ͻʩɡ
ҽٵͷҩȡ룬ڻһҶͷ̫Ѩ룬ʱҶšüҽټ˷Ӧæ룬óһСƿöҩι¡
ҶȻ˹Ѧдϲлҽٺǣ֣֡
Ҷ建ۣһѦУǼѵسһĨ΢ЦָգȻʹ֣ءؼҡ𡭡
ѦͷǱ𣬡ĸҿӣҲҪϢͲ߶Źĸˣ˺ˣĸúƷʹ
ҲۣȥҲæźÿʵֲʹĸ֣뿪
ѦлƵ˼ҪҶ֣ˡ
ŽԶѦУֿһǣȻתԸլһ˵֮£үǰһ֣Υ棡
˼ŭæͷΨΨŵŵصͷǡ


99
صϰҶ尲úãѦбתҪȥ˭֪Ҷ彫һסЩصؿ
һҪؼңѦ֪ףʱΪǺլ˹׽ŪˣЩ˼ʡ׸˵ӣװģ˲ûִ׽ŪʵǰЩʱںѦ£ǲʲô
촽ɵ˵ǸԺӡ󡭡
ȥ֮һЩ£Բû·
š
ô˵źأʱ֪СġϧԼ
СǸԺү޵ľ֮ԽԺֻһ˽κ˽ȥҲԡСʱҺ綼棬ܵǽǱ棬̽һһһŮӵںүһ˵
ܽȥ˵˭
ҵʱֻүļ檣źģ˴δѴ·ϡǣҽȥЩڿ̽İڼȻѦҵ£
Ѧҷйأ
ʱѾûѦҵļ䣬Բ֪Ůӵ˭֪ˣںѦԷ鷿
Ѧһ飬һѽϣ亰ԣѷŹϣſڿţκ˲ÿһڣ
ԴӦһæԸȥ
Ѧɿ֣صض˵Ǿãм飿
ҶصͷǵĲԺһСֱͨ⣬þԺ˹Ϊβڸ˵ҪصĲԺңһԺǾΪͨ޽ģԲŲ׼κ˽ҲԣԺȻˣڻһʱ䣬֮󣡡
ôƲҲ߼Ҫ˶ˣԺȻҲͷˡ
УǼıζʲô𣿣˵ڽӦˡɱˣǰʱʹ忤ıɱ忤ˡǾ
Ѧɫأ˺һ˵֪꾴Ȣĸֻǲ֪ϲ˾˭Ϊû˳ס
˵ʲôҶ綥һװ㣬ؿѦУЩǰ˺ྴĳ棬ѵϷ
ǸˣҲżȻ꾴¼ȵۣʮʧ⡣游һιװίȵ۱ϣ֮⣬Ծмӡʱȷڴ֮г֣ûʿŷȵΪĸǻģȻӦʣּͻ顣
ȷ֣䲻ȵ۵ճҳȡǰǻȨרȨĽѵʵѾˡղĳ¸ȵ۵ĳӣвǹϣ˵ӦǺϣıȡλǣôȷ֣
ѦҡͷѾǶʮǰˣұ֪ҵһ֪µ˾ͺˡ
֪£˵ҵ֪һ
˭
ӣӢ󡣡
ӢǺˣѦ볯꣬ǵһ֡
ӿǳ˹ӸȦһŻ硢ѣм־̽˳۵ľҪְϹҹڶȥ£һʱΪ档
ߡ
㡮ߡʲô
Ц˲֮ûǮƺ͵λûǮƺ͵λƸʦϰѧûϰѧβŻ̽ûŻǶ˼֮˵⿡ƤңҲô
˭˼֮ˣֻת˷ۣ
ѦмҶԲصȥˣæοáãûСûС˼ֻ֮Ƿܿܿǳ׵ҶС㣡ֻǸӣ֪£
Ҷż˵ҿɲʲô֮ˣҲǡ
Ѧһʱᣬװ˵£
Ҷɫӷǵʲôֵ֮ͦһˣ˵ִջĹ£ǳõ˵֪Ļࡣ
ߣ֮ͽһ
ȷʵǺ֮ͽɾǽ֮˵٣ٸʵף¿ԣҪҪ£ɾнˣĹֻ˵Եˣ˿һҲ˵ġ
ѦкȻšü˽ûͦడǳ˵ĹȦô˻ô
˵˭˻ˡʶΪѦkǺѣԾһ棬żңʶġ
Ŷ
Ѧаֻ³һ֣ҶʱЦãЩѦ֪֮߳ܿܿԴ׵Сë᲻ỳ
λںδΪָҵܳΪǸµԵأ
⻹ѵˣǰ뿪ºұҲû
֪𣿡
δءѦkӦûֿ֪
Ѧk
ѦɫأѦk֮ĶԹ塣
Ҷˣ㽫Ӷ˽Ȧ˵Ҫȥһ尲ɡ
ҶȻһѦжʱЩңȥ尲ʲô˵׷ɱ׼˻尲ٳ־ٳ֡
Щ˵ĿС׼壬ֲң˵ˣѦkĸҪȥδܴʳʲô
ߡ
ҴԣҵӣҲԵӰɣԿǴСꡣ
ѻ˵˰ɡӦԵӣҲҪӣǲǴСꡭ
ѦӲԵӣҶ嵱Σһ侲ֻÿйص£ŻôǶʧ֪ǸøˣǸѹ
Դ׹Դף¹˵ǵ鲻õģ죬ѦбĺɫȻҶ͵˳̩̺ŵ̴ϣҹ尲
ѦкҶ嶼ף߻һеǾζΪҶ׼󳹵װ⵹忤˱ıҶ׼ףȻҲ
纣¶̩͵ĿȨͶ̩˵ҵ»֣еĴҵȫ붦̩̩ͣ˽óҵ񣬼о֧Ԯݷֺ̩ʢҶص尲󣬵һʱȵ̩һĿʽ¹áѦڱݶʽԴԴϵƺʽ䣬ζܶ˶̩͵ʽ
尲̩˵ݶ̩ͺͱ̩ʢ尲ܺűˣȻ˿̩˻ǸĴóУѾ׶˴
̩˵ϺͰ׾ó˵ǰſڳˮԱﲻôæֿԶӯжȣȱҲڿ֣ȻǳˮַǷȴǳڽҪףȴдڻ롣
׽Ϣĺп׼ʱٿȻ̩˷Χˣ˼۸ս
尲ϡ׾ơ˿񡢲Ҷ̺ţƳ󽵼۾ٴ룬ƷӦ㣬ܿ尲һ糱ڵĺУ̩ѣ࣬Žֻۣһƻʧ³Žۣǲǹ˿ͻ¼̣Ͷл¿Դʧ


100
Ҷŵ尲ͱдһֲ̩˼һտǣûǮη纣Ӷ̩ͻʽ𷴲尲̩ˣҶ岻ͬ⣬̩͸մѦжأĻȣѦȰڶ̩͵˻ûϴɾڳʽ𣬶̩ͱ飬һ֪̽ɢȥѦȱȻɱһǹʱ尲ͺͷȲˡ
ڴ֮ʱ̩λ尲ǽһ־ȻĪʧ𣬻Ƴ죬һޣ̩˰ڽɽһ
˴Ļ־尲ãû̩˵ʱ±٣ѦkµˣȥʲߣڹΪǽ̩ͬˮĺбҪĿˡ
尲ԶѦk˽Ѧkۡòѯݻ𰸵ĽչΰʾϵͼѦkʹ˰֡
ԶӵܣѦkм˵λԶ֮ƷܴһƷɢһԾΪʵȨյĴƷ尲
ѦkǹӰ֮󣬱ʮͷţҲˣμԽˣԽҪҳ֤ݸʵѦkһҹѧѵһ𷭳ǽǣ̩˵Ļַ˿
һ̺ŵرأҷʩһӦȫеĻԶѡַڽ֮ϣΪϷͷΣء̩˻ֵѻȴǹ죬زû֣ԱߵˮȴȻˮԴ̩˶ԴڣһִݺѪ̵ĸо
ֳδʲôõϢʣµĻҽѦkɣֿĴҪ˿ͲҶ˿ĻҽӦģһڳɷĩһëյĽζǲҶĻҽӦǴӲģζһĲζڿҽȫǴӲ״ζҲǵһĲζ
Ѧkü˼ѧѵȻһOO@@æѦk˱Ȼβǿ֮̽ˣȻһƬѦkô˵죬һϸ룬Ǵǧʯ߻ڿˮԴʱֵƬܼȻ˺ȻûӰǶصıԷ
һլۡѣ˺ܿͷǽһ·Сܣ˺á
ֻõƻͨŵһӤԼŮ庢ӵѦkߵһʱúϲ죬ں庢ӵˣȻǰҶ壡
еıѵһ棬ǰҶŶæ쿴ֻѦkԭأĲţʵǰҶһǰʶرźӺ㵽Ҷ
Ҷ嵹ָܿɫѦk֮УֻԼȥֳ˶̫׾죬Գһ£벻Ѧ˴ϻۣصط㷢ˡ
塭ôСпӦף̫𡭡
ǰŻŶֵø׵ĺӣϵɫЩֱ̣
Ҷǰ󷽵ؿѦkȻˣ絽úȱȲ裬ⴺͣĺҹҪӲźá
ѦkȥѧѵԾſڣز쿴ܶ
ҶѦkȲ裬ѧѵЦѦҽ̳ôôģܰȫҺǰŮӣ˲㡣
ǣѧѵǵĻβ棬Բ߰ȫĶˣѧѵǶġ
˵ţ˽ˣݹѾȫõ֡
ûб˸ٰɣ
ģûˮ˷ֵġ
ãˡ
Ǻǡ࣬ūȸˡŶ⡢ⲻǶүôū׾վûϳүˡ
񡣡
΢Цŵ˵ͷˡ
˵ǣѦkȥڳ˽ǰһȵһʱЩִٲ͵͵ؿһԵǰֺܿرȥ
Ҷ忴ӻڿ֣˹ǹˣƽʱģҪǽɣ
ãʱһֱӦϣѾϰˣǽԶˣЩٱźһʳͺˡ
ǰҪѺӽӻȥҶȻؿǰȴѦk˵ǵһμɣöɺã˵Ͳˡ
ѦkһЩŵվЦ벻жˣһ¶ûأ屧ѦҵĳŮء
Ѧk߹ǰţüͷšҧҧԼ´
ѦkСĵؽӹҶ廳ĺӣϸϸغ˵֣ӵ󽥽ؾͲˣֻСһֱ
ѦkģҲˣĶͷһ˷ܵҶǰ˵ûûҸأǿ
ҶҲЦˣ벻ӻ壬Ҳ̫ˣһ̫˷ܾͲ˯ˣУһԺҶǺãЩ˯ɡ
Ѧk˵ͷƵû˯
δɡǰ˿
һᣬӾ磬Ѧkŵ˹ѺӽҶ塣Ҷûнӣʾֱӽӵ
ѦkЩţ˹ȥؽǰǰ̧ͷӹʱϾĽ˶ܻоԷϢİϤ
ڽӵһ˲ѦkǰЩסˣźӾþû֡
ǰؿԼʱ糺죬æһѱӣת뿪˴
Ѧk뿪ӰþûлعֱҶ庰ü顣ѦkعҶһ䡰ȥ¡㼱ææظǰ뿪˴
׷ǰǰЩݵ˵£ɻǵã
ǰЩңѺӽӦȥŰȻ˵һΣǶдԺҪ˰ɡ
ڳ޵㣬ȹԼҲ㣬Ƶ˵һ䡮Ҫᡯ𣿣
ǰƵЩɫתҧ˵ȻΣѾˣѵڸ𣿣
Ѧk򴽣˺ܴһ㣬ֱ˵˵뿪УĻȢ㡣
ǰ𾪣ת̣Ц˵ҲˣǴеֵܣȢǰɩ˵ĭ𣿼ʹ㲻˵㸸ѦһôҶĲָܲˣźӵܽܣ
㲻һǿֻҪּҸҲ޷ܾ
ǰż״εѦkĪԼЩЦԳǣǣôҲ֮ҪŻʼȨƱѦҽΡʹҶˣ֮ĸĸҲûǵѦˣЩԺҪᣬǵǶξ飬;ú÷˼һԼҲǾԼִӹŹ߹һˣǰѿֻԺԺѦңѦкҶ壬˼⣬뵱Ϊ磬Ҳ÷ˣ


101
ǰⷬඥѦkΪ֮һؿǰ벻ݰͶ˴̥һ㣬׵ر˸ˣе𺳲νһʱԶԡ
ţҶȴ˹Ҫ˵ǰȴȻһסҡҡͷҶ˼尲Ѧ͢㡢ǧ͢õϢѴ尲ѦkӢʡ͢˴Լ˵Ҳǲ٣ǰ뵲ǰ̺ԵζƵҶΪѦkǣߵĺ⣬Ҳ⡭
壬Ȼȥ庢˯ˣͶ塭úİɡǰתԥ뿪ǰͥ
Ҷ忴ıӰЩᣬȴԸپ£תѦk˵ҪŪôô˿ͺӾʲôǵˣ
ŶŶҶô˵Ѧkų׻ع뵽ǰ˵ǷԼľ䣬Ȼ˼֣ѦкҶ岻ӿЩε㺣˵ȥ鵽ԼϣǺû˼
ǵԼˣ
壬¡ҶԲУԲ㡣
ѦkϿҵӣҶЩпһĳ˺ܶ࣬ǸԼں֮ʱѦkˡô̹ϵ£ԼĴ󣬿ҲѾ¡
ɣ趼ˡҶк£ϲ豭
µ̩ˣǴеİɣѦkӹ豭һڣʵ
ȫȻǣҪּңǰҲԷһϾ尲̩˵ʽͻԴܶ඼ݵĹʽʵҶ滹һû˵Էһ㣬ԼĺӣȻҲԡ
̩˻ֵǰѻҲԼŵģѦkؿҶ壬ʵ𰸲Զ
ȻҪΧ̩ˣǵû㹻ʽ棬˳ϷǣҪˣҪ˸ɾ䡣
ѦkЦˣҪλʲôһ𣿡
嵱尲ǣòģÿģȥ飬ȥ̩尲лһ£͵û
ѦkԹһĨ͵Ц⣬壬ĳˣٲСʱ׷ҺСˡ
kЦˡ
ˣұȥҵ尲ˡ˵Ѧkվ׼뿪ʱֿǰȥķѧѵ뿪Է
Ҷ˼ƸۡϾԼĻ֣ҲҪԶӹŵı˻ỳҺУȥƲϵܴﵽԤЧԽƲϵԽΪǴ˵
ԶѾмƣѦkٰѵ鷽УżƲ壬ʮ£尲ԶҲ޷˦˵ͷΡµ̩˶꣬᲻ɣ
һ磬ѦkĵصʻʳʲôǷ˲ҪҪ尲ǶŸ˴Źٲؽ˺ܺšֹ죬尲ǿʼ尲ԶƵѦkۡĴԣԶΪڸ̧Ѧkʩѹ֮˵ΩΩФɷн£ͬһ㡣
˿ʼԺоԶ֮βҵ̺ţԼһŲҲеϣתͷ㱻и˲ʧǶнóеΪܺУĻͼ̣пһտҲĲֿ⡣
ɸΪ֮еĽۿ񳱱׳нҲ㲻ȥˣǵˣ֮ǰһԱƵ̩˶ϧɱĽΪѴ˺еʱʽ㶼ϵֻܱѦڱݶ̩֧档
ʱ̩ȴ³ʵ˻Դǳûһ㣬̺һҹ֮ϷƵĻָԭеӣ˶̩˵ĵ档ˣ̩˻ͬƳһʷδ»׾ƵĴйϴ˿Ĵ֯˽ϵҤ;ϵĵ»ҤҶͲ˵ڱһڴġ̩ʢղ衢گƬ
һ¹尲̽ʱסǬߵµ̩ʢ꼻һֵĺȴjһƬǰܡгô©μȴ˼⣬Ӧ֮߶ò
ѦkٴȻݰҶ尲ԷһΣҶѰһʢ
Ѧkĳ˷ζã߳Ա߳ޣ壬ѦСˡ
ҶЦơѦkһǾƺȻǡһ飬ųȥĽţҭںƴҶľƣԣǺˡҶһ͸ôŪǱ
ѧѵүҭţæ棬ֹסظ֮һѦkʱ³һ⣬ǵúϵɫʱȥҶѧѵһ
벻ȥﶼ㲻
Ѧk񣬺˿ڲ趨ŷǰһֱûг֣ĪԹһ˿ǣʵأôһԣ
ڲ˼ң
лѦkһʱǴеޣĵĸɣ˼δ˷ȳˣʵʧ񡭡
ҶƵؾһƣһַ£Щ˯ˡ
ѦkЩţҪ𣿸ҽҽмѣҽѧѵȥ룿
ãʲôëǰΪӣ˺ܴڹŹزӻδء꺢֮ͱ˺ܶ࣬ԸºˣΪ˴Ҳءô˵ܶ¶Ϊǰհҹӷ·ײ˷磬Щͷ۶ѣġ
Ҳǣǵˣôλ˰֮尲ǰʱ𣿡˴ﾹЩ߷߲ƽ
ȷʵڡ
ǾĲˣûҶ˵꣬Ѧkϣǰз飬ܹƸӣô⣡ôǰվô㣡
ҶЩЦãʱ˶ְڶʹǧ֮ңҲ˰
ҲǣѦk޻Է
˳ţ⽥ؾת˳˾ϣҶȻĵֿѣг˵һ֮ƵĲӢ󣬡ܹӹҹڶȥ˵߾ߣһգ۶ˣ֪ڿǻصˣ
ѦkЦ˵ֿɲܴյģȥ鷳Ҫһ㣬ǻһѾԻ
ҶЩȣ尲أ
ڱݵ̩ʢһشˮôĶܲȥڹѾڱݲ֪ĸլﰲ˰ɡӢʳסеΪÿһҪôľڽõĹʾ֮ңҪôԼլۡڿջס
ݣ̤Ьٴȫѹ


102
ԶڱݵĲӢⴺҹĪ˸磬벻֪ǲǳļҹˣٿԹʰҷҪԼȥסΤ֪꣬˵˵ΤС㣬լﲻˣȡģǰһʮɵխȫо֮УլӣųԵľ֣֪֮ڵ˭Եܽύһܻȥ͹ͣ㵱治ˡ
æŹΤ֪ĸ̸ţ̩ʢѴͷ붦̩ͬˮҶ׼ˣ⾸ϵ·죬϶֣Ѿ˺ЩˣҪҵǡ
Ӣβӣֻҡͷ뿪Լ֮ʱΤչˣصزһСԺסӹգʣΤ֪պûһ飬һ¡Τ֪һУֻˡ
Ӣ뿪Ϊÿʱ̣ڵլʱ似յ͸߳ΪһɴլӣȫΪһżȻŸԺӴȻó̾ΪֹĴլӵ˺ֻϧլǽ֪һݣɴ¸ڵլӣѰʶ
Τ֪֪һգʰԺһլӵʦƺЩʱһ̲ſʼӢƷĿһȻԵõӡΤ֪εյһڣ֪Ϊߵ˰ɽһǸ˼ƮƮ죬Ȼ

Ӣ̾Τ֪Ŵ˼оѣգҲɢˣǾȥ
Ҷ׼ҶĴǱǸˣǵ彭϶Լֵıگϸ׼Ҷ׼׵鱨ܿıʵ֤ھͲ֣ϵǶʷˣܴһࡣ
еã˽һԲЩ£Ѿķ룬ҲȰοƽġ
Ҷ׼㷢ĶͷԳ˵벻ˣ󲻵òΪˡѹɱֵ˹ϲŶ֣ԭǾˣڳ˵ؽͷ
̰Ϣ΢˫һֱΪΣյǸˣڲ֪ԭǡ˵Сʱǳѣƺ˹͸¶ٸٷˣȻͨٷݵһϷĿҪ˳سڿѱǾ͸¶Ȼʵʩһɱ
Ҷ׼˫üΪ忤ıѾѰˣ벻ĸԶٱҾǱô꣬ض־ڴλģһڳеѦкܿΪһҪĶ󡣲ЩԲ֪Ѿ̫ࡣ
Ҷ׼ߵ߰¡ͷ˿ճеøӾţټȻһĨΣ¶½һĨ糺Ƕƽ˼Ȼ󡭡Ҷ׼Щˣ˺һϣԼĻ
̩ͨʢĹ£Τ֪겻ҵ¼ãóҶ׼ʱ¼òҵ󣬺ܿ͸Ҷ׼Ҷ׼벻Τ֪ô͵ݣϰ¼óҹɫ͵ƾӡ
벻Լ뿪խһֻˣΤ֪ЩЦãȤ֪ÿս㣬ҲŮװ͵ȥ̩ʢˣֱԽǽˣ
Ҷ׼ɻؿ֪⣬ңô֪ÿøҶ׼ǲ˼ء
Τ֪˵˵Ҳ棬ڳӲӢ󣬺ǡ
˵˭δ˵꣬Ҷ׼Ȼϣɫضʵ
Τ֪겻صӡӢ󡭡ҶԹô
ʧǣ¹ش󣬻ȲҪΤ֪֪Ϊãǳ˳Ҷ׼䣬ʾ侲Τ֪˵׼Թֻλүһλ֮ˣҲڱݣһ֪ǵݣǱ˾֪
һ˵Τ֪̲סЦ˳үѾˣҶս㶼ֵ֪ǣ˻֪ʲô˵ʲô˵ս㣬ҪǸҵⱲӶΥ
ΪΣûн
Ǹóգʦʮ־أʵ˵˰ɣүǰʱ侭ƾӣսħƵһҪƾӵˡ෬ûϢ󣬸ɴ˱ƾԱߵլӣôԺеżأ
ȻʧЦôĹ£ӦǺá
Ҷ׼ɫѾתΪмһƺ˵ԵʶҵȲæҽܣӦȰҷ˵ţ˵ˡ
Ҷ׼׵ǳԵͦ졭Τ֪һЦȻæƣȰο
ȻӢżΣβ˳ˮۣһ磬ƾӶǸ¥ߵСžȻˣһֱڹ۲ƾӶĲӢϲôеĲյΪҿɷѿģ첻ˣȵˡ
һܼģ˱һ˳СٶȹϣЩһ֪˱ŵһãӢϲһ·Сܳȥխס˹ܼҡ
ܼѦбʱѦɹɹȥͣ˵̩ˣܴӦԱ֣ѦвŰɵݣЭҶ׼忴ͻȻðĲӢӺιʵūȥ·
Ӣæ˼辪£¾סڹ֮ԣǻˣֻżȻʵùϵǺѡ˵žʹӻóһӣȥ
ʱЦ棬ȷ˲˵Ҽҹ꣬尲ʦ
ӢһǾϲæ׷ʵꣿ尲ԷƵʦꣿ
ǡǡӡǹľɿͣ
νɿ¿֪͡ҹǷͣģ¾ǵͽӣĽҹټһѣӢϲ֣ԭ֮˾ȻԷƵʦһӦþͺˡ
ǺǡҲʲô£δɡֻҼҹѾ񣬵üˣȥԷ£Բ̫Ը͡
˼ҷģ¾£ҹү𣬾˵ҹ尲Զףż˵أżݶѡ˵ţӢóһƱ壬Ҿ˼ҴΪͨΪԼ䣬ҹܼһ棬ٴļǮҲԸ⸶
Ϊѣ˼һ˵ðɣǹľɿͣūҲôؾںԵȣūȥﶨǡ


103
תߣӢѼ˸ٲپҵһᣬɴݣ̧ټҵļѹһѹְסӻóһһǧƱԼһö壬֣ؽϣ˼ңµƣҹ￴ԻǺˣƱҲؽϡ
ͷ˺ţʱЦӭҾ˵ǹͣ룡
Ӣϲ񣬱߽ϲҺݣǻԱŸ
ȥư˹ֱãѾǰˮеȺ򣬼װ΢΢꣬μӡ
Ӣæ𣬿òһ˲ʱľ˰ߣӢҲǰ֮˵ġԣǲˡ
㣬æù䵲˵εºܣòӿأ
һ˵Ӣū˵Ѽ˸**֪ԼͻˣæҾͻˣ˼¡²ǵͽӣѾ˼Ҫһ棬ȫǰżȻŷΪ˼֮ݻᣬܵһʤң
Ż䣬Ӣֽ˷裬˵Ϲܼ˵ľɿͣ˼˺þãǵԷӣ֪ģ
ԷԷϯʦ䳾Է˵ļмӣ˿˵¶ԷĽѾá
ԭˡˣԵһлӡ˵ţ㻽žãתᲦңᵯһ
Ӣһƴޣ˵治ʢ
ã΢ЦޣҰ֮ѵù̧١
Ӣһ¾ߵģֻ֮ջ޲ðߣοĻ
Ųյûߵ˼ϹˣóһǧƱ壬Ƶǰ˵ʢ飬֮ʱͬգ겻ΪȻܹӵĶݡ
λųƳ˵һӵĲӢˣ֪ԼͻæƱպãµĲǣ˵ɳ֮ˡ
ЦƵᣬءʱҲˣµķңǲӣԡ
ףӢæվ֮ʱвʣʵ֪ʱл²ʤң
¶ɫԥһ˵Ϲܼ˵Ӿסڱ׸֮ԣֻԺе࣬Ҳţαؼ棿
԰αؼ棿ĪԼλʦһɣ뵽Ӣ󲻽˸սڿѼ֮Լôðִ󲻾ͷ
⡭ӢЩ࣬벻Լⳤ˵һӵ˾ÿ飡תһ룬ľɫţԼҲ֮Уֻǲ֪ĸиӣܽȢͥ뵽ֿʼԼôЩ尲ʶδ֮ʱԻ᲻һ븮Զ֮͢
أԳỽӢŻعһ޴룬æҾˣ˽ԳǡٳաӰ˷ˣ֪Ϊɽɽˡܴһµ֮ˣ
һ˵¶ɫͷӢҪȰ˵ȻϹܼҼææ˹үϾͻˣ
װңæӢ˵ҸܼȥաлᣬԻϹܼҸӴšķҪˣᣬ˹ӵ
ӢѴǱתߣ֮ǰһ䣬˼ǵôţǣ
Ӣ뿪Ҷ׼Ŵ˳аһЦ˵֪¿ңһο˼
תЦһ£Ȼ˽
Ҷ׼̾һε벻Ҷ׼ҲҪ˼Ƶһ죬˻Լķˣǲ
˼ƣһʱҶûаɫ˵ľٶ˼֮˵һöѣҪ˵ǼҲɼƣ˼ƣ
Ҷ׼ԼæǸΪˣ˼ƣ˵žһ£˵ΪǸǧҪ
תŭΪЦ
ӢĳŵںΣҲûʳԣԺеǼΣӢ԰Ρ
պһԺؽһƺͼ¾ƲˣӢյԻֵ˻ݷͳ֮ʣӢʫ˰ȻٱУ˸ˣ㱧ãһӢˣ
ۼһƽҪףӢ˼⣬ã״ɱűеĳź˵ƣԽԽˣȴѻϧˡ
Ӣֹʦижתʵ˴Ժ⣿
һҳлһοɱĹ¡
ӢԾƱϸŶǽ̩̩ʢƴӶµĳѹ־഼ǲʢþƵıȻкù£Ըꡣ
ϲ֪ʱȾϼ룬˵ŵʡŻ磬ҳ£һʱΪ̳£ϧӢţھͷ;кȾ񼲣زΣﵽʱֻһӢꡣҳһλߣݵĹȡ֮ˮ̳֮һ
Ӣ΢Цף־һһ̾Ǹù£ҲǺþƣϧ⴩丽ᣬǰ֮е֮ʵ
ʵŶﲻʵ
Ӣ¾Ʊ˵ǲҳҲ̸ʹҳҲϹΪ׳һĴŲһҲδмչü¡̳´˵ȳо
ǵªˣˣ뷻֪ܷͥңһЩйصǰ£Ҳ˽һλ˵еĴӣԺ˽֮Ҳó֮
Ӣһ˵ߣЩ֮ϣʮǰҵһָĴӣǰԺ̽¼¼Ҳ̾ˡ
˵ǵ֪ҪԵٴҵŹˡ
ˣҲ޷ѳ˼ĽӵĹȦ
ߣͷ
躦ߣ㵹²ʲô֮£Ź㣬㵹µģûһǧҲа˰٣ģʿŷ֣ϵĵŮ֣ӨԼ¬ϵĵŮ¬࣬ǰ¬ʺ󡣡


104
ˣ벻¬ʺ󣬾ȻҲ
֣Ů¬Ůݸѣ֣һҲ֣ŮղͷȻν¶ĥ֣ڼ޸֮ǰҲһЩĥѣҲܼɵģڣһ¼֮Ůĵľһ֣ȵ۳ӡ֣ľ𡣡
ǹȣʵģڷ֮ʱ˵Ĺĺ޸˺ݻѦɹҲǸ֣뾴δţ
ġˣΪٵǰ޹˺ߣźһں£˵ܣҲ˵ˣ˵˵֣뾴ɣ֣ò̬ǧ˵ǳʿŷĵһˣݵʯȹµ﹫Ӳоȵء˫ȫĻʳӣ֣ĸ־ĸ£ҪѡĲһδһ֮Ĵ֮λȵۻڳǵѡ˾֣ô˵أҲиһҲһ
Īǡ֣ϡ
˴ϻۣǣȡӢȻʱߴɷǣ˵֣϶һ˼Ҳޣ˭Ҳţԣ˺Ԫڳš
Ԫڳţ
˵£ӢЩ˼ɣ˼һ󷽼˵֪µˣŵšصıأϵûˡ˵ǧ֮ϽݣԶ볯͢ҲŸҶ˵
Ӿ˵й¶һְ䣡
һԪѽڣ쾩ڳѲֵأ֣Ͽϻ֣ˣŮװ磬˳棬ˣ°⣬ŮѲߵľȣ˵ǹƥӪȼˡһȥһ¡
⡱һ£ĪѾͻ˵ߡ
֮͢ҵ˵ʱһɽһũ˴磬Ѿڴá
Щ࣬ǡǡ˽
ÿ֣־ںλôһͬ˽˵ǶԺλִţ뾴˳һ𣬺α˽
ԡ

һĴɱ˶סˣƺ޷ԼĶ䣬ʵ
Ӣ˵ͷ̾һȵ۶ԾʧҲǾڴ֮ճֵת۵㡭
ֻˡ죬Ӣ˵ĻһҲȥ
ѹ־֣ƴӣԭִѾ֮ĵزɷԼеݺ͵λýַ˵ֶҲҪԼߡ
Ǿ֮Ϊˡ
־ڴλ֣ĸµ飬ǲϧɫҲҪȰսȨľıķϵλΪ֣ʧȥǣټ֣Ͷͱв֮ϧ֣˵öȴ˵Լķ
ϳǰͷݣһԼ֣ϵıͼ֪Զۣһݣھͷ;С
ҹҶ׼㽫ǰһɸ봫Ҷ壬Ҷ尲ſ֮˿͸ѦСŸȥҶ׼ȴûһֱ˯¡˯ޣ˿µѦЩں;ӵĲĿھһյѣ˯Ҷ׼Ծ֡
ƾѾ¶ӢȻ޷סˣѧһסѸٰ롣֮ǰӢһֻ˵ԼҪ澭̵ķݣԺԵټص
ӢֲᣬѶ飬ֲʹ˰֣ϣ뿪ᵽԼķ֮ʱ¶;Ӣ֪Լˣǻ߶ֻ˻ȥ
̩ʢѾڱվȽŸó¼Ȳƽ˱ΪԵһ̫ƽӣΤ֪ȴڴʱյֳΤķɸ봫飬˵쵽񴶯죬Ѱһگϸ¶زأʮءΪ͵ойأս³ԽѲ񴣬Τ֪ȥЭ
Τ֪ȻҶ׼ȵϵΪѰһ׼ҵ͢׵˫ϸôϸҲگѵҪҵģͬһˣ뵽Τ֪Ҷ׼ϲΤĴ齻Ҷ׼
̸Ϊ裬ţ㽥յ˲ˮ֪
ۼǹ̵ĲˮҪ䵽ϣҶ׼ۼֿ죬һеĲǲˮŽŵʵǲ𣿡
Τ֪꿴ҲϽվÿӲ档Ҷ׼ùΤ֪еĽӣ߲ˮձߺһӦţû£ֻû˯ãЩá
Τ֪ͷ˼һᣬҲ³ǵֳ֮£ǵͷ뿪˶
Ҷ׼ӵУĬ
˳Ĭ˺һᣬŴ㡭Ҫߣ
Ҷ׼򴽲ջǵ˵ͷѾʣϸ϶˾ı֤ݣ֮ǰͨ볯͢ףǱİɱϣݡٱգ˾Űн˳ǡҪ֮ǰҵ
ԽԽ£ץסҶ׼ӣ˵ˣһȥĺǣǻܹҪһ𡣡
Ҷ׼ü΢ɣʵ̫Σաϸغػ᲻ϧһֶνܻ񣬷ҲԼӣԴǼѡһ񴲢֪׵ı򲻻һֱ˴ݡߣܲ߷񴣬°빦
ǡҲܶԺѦȴͬһطҵҵģ
֪ΪΣƵƵ£ѦȣҶ׼㰲οģѧϣ¼ãǻᱣİȫ
ݷﰵﶼвΣգҶ׼ǲһȥðյģĬһᣬ뽫ԼƵ֮¸֪Ҷ׼ֵ˷ģջû˵ڣ׼һ尲ɣ壬ǰ˵ǰѾ˺ܶ࣬ľǰǲȴ˴ȫ
Ҷ׼šü˺һ˵ã̩ʢѾ˹˵¼úǣӦòӡɣҺѧһ£Ͷž尲
ͷв˵ȴȻĪĲ֪ǲΪȵӹֲŵҸҸ䣬ܾүĳһȻջأƶص
ֱӻˣҶ׼г̣ϸϸùü飬ȷƿ̩ΧŰ뿪


105
ֱǰҹҶ׼᲻뿪Է磬໥ȡֱһ˿ҲĴҶ׼Żﺹ乵ԾɾӨѩ鷺ļߣֲڵƸÿһһ¶ܶٴΣδ°УԲѾϤܸľϲ
ץסֵ֣ŵԼĴߣ繡ĴУٴεȼҶ׼飬뷭ѹ£ȴסҶ׼ЩȻԡҽĿ⣬ֻļ򣬼̶ߴӵţ֮ϡ
Ů֮нѵõҶ׼־ϲ˿ҡȫ糺ʧȥǡ
һҹĻ٣Ҷ׼֣þòԸſҶ׼ŷ˫ۣǿѹԼڴߣҲþòԸſ
֮ѧϿ˿ɫòˣѵؼһ仰үˡͨĳؽҪˣٲºٳǡ
žűۿҲֹס
Ҷ׼쵶ն飬֣ߵǰݺݵһƨɣѧΣһ˦Σݡһ֮۶ȥ
Ҷ׼ԶšüᡣΤ֪ʰңվ
ʱҶ׼һһ뿪Ϲݡ
˱ݳϱıݽϣɳ룬ˮֱ֮ءˮ·Ҫ½·ȫʡ£ټѧˮϺ֣ˮ·ȻˮͷСʹˮ·
ݳǽıͷϱڴתˣԭϵֱݸۣѧϴһ׿ͣװŮŮͶžẓ̌ͶžԴҡɴ⣬Ʋ¶ѧ֮ʱۣͬͨе˼ңҲû̫ע⣬һСʹһ̲ͣʻͷ
֪⻹ɺϣѧϵӰһӵע⡣ӱͷ֮ԾŻһת㿴ѧϵıӰ˼֮Ȼϡ
ʹģʻͷԶѧϿܣȷûΣպ󣬲ŷ´ŻʹнٶȡҹЩ֧ټ۶»̶ɼ
ž鵹յȲ裬ǰҡҡͷƿյ裬صеϡҶ׼ö壬ð忤ıʱӴһģִʱ㽻СʱҶ׼ӦõϹٵˣʱ·ҲҶ׼ȥʱ·
ڳ񣬴Ȼһžæסѧʵôˣ
ѧϷ´êסص£һûö棬ײ˹˵㴬϶ѣûµġ
žȺЩѧϣ˴գ鿴һ̶ôêȶŻ´ĴѾ˴գѧҾǸλ̨ʵڱǸҼҴһ˯벻ͳˡǸǸײʧռ⣡
Էһ¶桢һѧϺ˶һ⡭ǲӢ𣿣
ѧæԼ©תһ룬ӢֻͶž飬ûʹûҲϳ԰ģֻˣµģǵĴѾͣ£дʻɡ
Ӣٺ˼תزգʱֳһλӣסӢ󾪻ŵϲܣ常׷˰ɣҪסǼһ˵ȥ׷Ҳ֪ȥˣֻܿˣ
Ӣ͢ӣšü벻ͨԼôôңŴʦ̣뿪ĵأ尲Ѧk߿ࡣһǾײϴӰԺ͢㣬˵ɽϲûһҪ尲ȥȻͰˡ
Ϊ˶ɽѰˣһϼƣ½·׷ˮ·Ⱥǻϡ
Ӣ͢شգȻԸʻ룬ѧϼԶһһԼٶȿ˹ѧ϶һڴͷ֮ˣѦȵѧǫô鼱֮ںһ䡰ˣѸٵê﷫׼롣
ѧϣνˣѧǫ˵űԾ𣬽ˮʩչṦѵˮԾ˿ʹĴͷ
ѧǫͶžͷһ𡣶žһѸٳȥرǰţ
ȻѱϳЩαװûˣѧӵң˺ȻͦѧǫС㶼ҵĶ֣ڻҪٱһ𣿡
ͬѧ䣬Сһԡһ˯֮ʹʲô̫Ϥˣȷʵ򲻹㣬һʱҲѲҡ̩ĻѾ밶Ͼ͵ӮңҲӮѦҵĻ𣿣
ߣΪҲõˣе֪͸ʶȤ뿪
뿪ԣүĿ㣬ٷҪ£
ٷˣǡӵٷˣ˵ҼүĹʽʲôٷˡ
ͷ֮ʱѿߣֻǲȷȻţնžҿһ˵Ĳٷˣ
ѧǫͱ˵ļһսˣѧŽ׼֣ȻžӴ˳ѧǰ˵Ҫɱҡ
ѧǫס㡭ѧϡ׺ʱŭٽ˵ž飬㵱ξܾ޸ңΪѧϣһ͹һˣ
ѧϰѶžȻ˵ͷŸɾ㣬ʲôСֻϲϲѹֶžһֱܾ㣬üò벻ǽУҵѦݵµĽǸеϧ
ѧǫŶž飬оǱ롣ѦȵһμʱϲڸյĶž飬޸ѦȣϲΪѦȱػὫžָΪޣ벻ܡΪǶž᲻С㣬뿪벻Ϊһװѧϡ
ž鿴һ˵ѧǫҼСѦʱʲôӣκ˶ףүץȥֻ·һСи̣ҲԸαҪͶ˱Ͼ·
ѧǫžȻӣվǶ֮ģ˱ž飬ҴȲѧϣ
£бȽϵ壿ϲϲϲǲϲƷһҡȼۣǴүҲûʸپҼС㣡
ž飬㡪
ѧǫ͵Ƿһ飬лᣬͼ𡣡ҲӴ˳򶨵ؿѧǫ
ٷˡѧǫɾԥĿյ̩ĻȻƽڴͷѦٴοǸԼʳʡ˯ޣʲôû˼һֱÿŮˣ



106
ѦһŭһǸϤİִŭͲʵĺУһǿѦȵϲŤȫٿ
ѧϵıѳʣйŶԷͲ֣׼һ˼׼ȴһƳӢĿʹողʻ࣬ٿ˿ճĴê˼һһƣ
ֻêĴƴ˹Ǵê˦ӢĿʹϣֻѵһêѾǶԷβļװ壬ҿʹͬʱܶԷȻһУ𽥿£
Ӣ͢㱻ҵ𶯾˴գһȴԼ˼Ľʦּ꣡Ĵֻ£
ѦһĿʹʮĻѸٰΧˣ
һԼƽѦȣˣڿʱתҪһԾ¡ѦͲ³ͼתʱߴ粽ǰסȻһԼǳһĨЦ⣬ˣҺҰ
ҧأȴֶѲˣѦȣҸһûйϵˣ
ŶûйϵҪҪҰ;ӵҹҹ˵ôҶҲйϵûϵ
üѿֱߣҧ޳ܣ
Ѧү֪ʲô£֮ͽ˽һ
ѭȥֻλѴһҴ˹ȥѦɻһԺеĹǰＸ䣬Ȼ򣬽˦һԣץסȻǰԭӺͲӣкܣĪ֡»ЩҪ㣬ȴһˣλǸ
Ӣе߽ǰ˵ѦүˣԹ޳˵ʲôǸֻǲ֪λʽε㣬ʦڣץСŮأ
ʽ²֪ԼķˣʱүĹʽ
æܹӣҲˣ飬Ĺϵһˣ
֪ܶԭǰ꣬Զʮ뺣Ѧ˽ԼҶ׼绯ѦҴٷˣҶ׼˽鱻÷зӢβ֪
ڲǻꡢ̸µʱ򣬲ӢЦһѦү˵ǰλӣǺߣ˽֪ѦүǰϱڳԪۣλǧ֮ңıݣ尲ַһʱʦ꣡
ͷʦꣿ尲ңβ֪尲ԷÿԼרʦ飬еʦ꣬༼Ǹ߳˳ƴеɣݡƣ¡ֻǿ¶棬ѵһ˲һ÷ݰˡǰ֮ˣꣿ
һӢԣѻ⣬æԣ˿ַʦ꣬ʲôѦٷˣϽſң
ַȥֵطѦȲѣһűŭת˹ȥٿȻšǰŭ㵱ǲ֪ܣҶ׼ǸȱԻȱ㴩ˣ䵽Ҫȥ̻֮
Ѧүʦգ尲˽֪㲻ɲʴʣ
ѦŭڣԲӢ֮ţǺݺݵšһ˫ͨ۾ðԸȥҲԸҵٷˣѦȶ㻹㣡
ŭĿӣҧѦүҲ꣡ǰкζԹ޹أ
ǣ˵λϲܶ˵Ůǿַ꣬ѦүʲôʲǰޣӢӣǰ֮˲ľʶΪǴ󶯸ɸ𣿣ϲһǾټӣүһСС˵
μҲѦȣ˰˲ٸ߽Աڶ̩Ļ£Щ˱ͶѦȵļ²ȤλӶһҧ尲ַ꣬Ҳɡ˵Ҳں꣬ΪһŮ⴬ıϸȻ
ͽϳĵĹ»һѦ˵Ѧү尲ģںܽ尲ĺг֮δ˶ÿһ尲ĻúϣǻǾɡ
Ѧʧǣδ˽үļһղ꣬˴һղ뿪ݣ
ǹƢǿѹŭѦүҵȲʶȤҲ֪ǰЩʱ尲̩˻ֱһ±޹飬٣δҵȽص͵ǰλǳ˺尲﹫ӣҪռᴫ˺尲ԭʱе𣬿Ҷûδ˽
һǰȰѦү尲ַ尲һ﹫ڵĻ˵ǺˣǿŮδ˿²ô򵥣˼
ѦѱҼлЩ߽׹ҲָЩ̩Ļ˲ò΢ͷŭƽϢҲ᲻÷ſͼҡӢ󣬡ӣѦĳЩż֮¡ǣ˵µ˽ѿҳҶ׼ɼ飬Ҷ׼ֲʼį糾Ϊ潼ˡνǧһ촽˳үۣѦĳ˴ع̣ܽ˵ƽΣ
ѦǺǲ֪벻ܶ׵˹ز߷ѵ޲һ죬Ҳ̧ͷܵˡ
žĻѦС㣬ۿˣæ˹µλүףؿ֤Ī˵ǰ˲ѦٷˣѦٷˣҲѦү衣ҼС㻹ûѦүߣǱˣǱѦүߣָôأλүȾҼСɣ˵ձ㡰ˡˡؿͷ
Ӣæѧϰ𣬶Ѧ˵˼ȻѦٷˣǴҵطѦүִҪߣɱֱҪݸԼϵø״ˣ
ֲ͢һ䣬ݸ;ϵܲǲƴĺкͶ̩㣬ǱӿҪ»ҸҲʷ̨һ״С
ܶһ˵¸żҪȰѦʱֻһСۼһ㼲۶ڴͷӲСۿԾ±͢ߣٿ֮ˮƽ޲弸񶯣ɼṦ˵ãͬѧѧǫѧ϶̾


107
¹ȭ٣үˡ
͢һη壬˵ã˶٣ҪǿŮҹܲܰ˾Ȼ
ɫȻһ۶Է͢㹰ֵүȻǳǿǣο˻Ҫ
Ѧȿżƣǲˣβʣ壬ϲΪμңԼĴ£ֻܲ鲻Ըؽſ
֣æһߡ
ӢѦȵ˹ֵѦүҲˣ˾Ͻ뿪˵˽Ҵֻɡ
ҲܶҾһλүˣջص尲ˡɷ˵Ĳ鲻ԸѦȺѧǫ뿪˵Ĵֻ
ȶ̩ĻԶһתܶ˸λүĴ֮м
ӢЦԭ˱ǰŲһ
ǳһĨԳЦ⣬Ĳ£˲ܹӵĶ䡣
Ӣˣ֣ż͵²˼·˼ЦǸ֮ͽѦһҲ֪һЩ顣Ѧүպƭռֻ֣ԼռҲܲˣ㺦ռҼү֮ʣҲ޷֮壬ʲȣʹҶƫҲ㲻Υ˲̫صĵ¼
벻Ӣͬϲ˫۷졣
Ӣ״⣬Цԭ˵ķǵһָƴʦŻ硢ݵҶ׼ҶˣĳķڷҶ˵Ĳҡνӡ˲Ҫ̫黳õĻ⣬ȴһõĵϣӢԼ͡
΢΢һЦްܹӣһ𵽴ȱɣҲɵһıл⡣
ȡյΪյӢͨʲβ״ĴǺ棬塢ΪϼѣҤİ״ɣԽݵɣǴеϳ֮ƷȴԺɫԵĴڴɣʮֵű¡֪
Ŷ̩ʢھϵҤ򵽵ƷڴɣơյյгڡƲڡںĴ࣬õǳڣԲ̥϶͸ãܼҵλϲҲǽյ컯ˡ
͢Ц̩ʢȻ⣬̩ǵѭؾ֮ĻĶ֣ߡ
Цλڱݼ̩ʢĺöˣλص˺尲Ҳ̩ʢ
ܶЦȻ
ò㿪ʼҵ٣Ϊ˵༸ıл⣬žҲźˣȡһײߺ¯ӣõͷװˮѧϺѧϺһʡ̸ǳˡ
һˣӢδյƷ˿ʵ벻̩ʢŵݾͻʶ⽨յʢĲۣòɢŨǼ
͢ʳʡþ챦ĹҲԽյ޲ڣͷһ˵˵һҲǺݵľң֮ǰʢһʱҲүĽʶı죬ǵþ洫ߴ֮ظٽǺãЩϧռҵľ츳
Ӣһʱֵðү˵˾ˣ˵˷ȥ尲ͶʾɣΪν˲󼺡˺βŻⷽǳ֮ơ
˵ĻЩȻԴӼ޸Ѧ֮ƺĴδ£˷ȥ尲ҲΪ˱ܿѦȣҲû̩롣
ܶһ˵̩˺̩ʢıһֱӪǧټҪڳĶѦкҶ岻֪˶ã˶ͷ˲Ͱȫ
ǳĥѺʹۣѾشģѦȶңվ쵼̩˺̩ʢ֧뵽ˣ߷
ӢʧΨȲ֣ӹĹˣæȥǲ˵θͼݲܹС¡
ʧȻȥƲã̵ˮôԼϣһƵʹ̲סʹæ˲ס˱˵ֱ
ӢˣҲ˲Ů֮һץס֣ϸز쿴ʵǺۣ˵ĸҩԵȣȥá˵žҪ
ǰֳ˻ֹסͲܹӷģް
͢㿴ⳡǳˣǳһĨЦ⣬벻ٻйƬҶմ˵һӲӢվܽġ
̹Ӣȴ˼εɫյеĲһٽŲյһʱ磽⡣һ뻺Σ֮ǰĻ˵˲Ը£Ϊ֮ǰѦүľ£
ò˵Ѧȵ£ȷʵĵϵ˰̣ǳһĨЦ֮£ĲǣҶˡ
ҲӢ󽫲յط£ϣѦ̹˰ռȣݺֵܣѦԩںƷҲԷжٷ֮塣Ҷˣ㲻ʲôﲻˡǧҪٱǧˣ
͢һæֵǣҶˣٲ볤˺尲ľƾ̸ֲԲ֪ⷻĴţѦڿʼѦ֮ʱѾ£ˡʼ֮ʱҶҹȻۣԷϧѰ̰Ѱٺ̨Щ¾ûʲô˵ʹˣȻֲϲĺߣô֪Ǻǡ
Ӣ͢һ̶ۣתЩ·һ˵Ѧ˾֪жࣿοΪЩν
Ѧүںݵ¥òɣôôϤ
ү㲻˵û˰㵱ưͣȻӢҲ£һɫߣ͢㵱ô˵һƷǺãΪֻܾ֮תƻ⣬ȡȣˣڶ̩ĻԶǱϾҲȥ尲һ·֮Ҳпģ˲ͬаɣүĻϽ˴ɨͷɡСʹԾ͵ǮҲ̲


108
ӢĹҲ޵˼һͬˣȴϣ͢ǮϤ£Ȩ˵·ѡ֪ܶƢԣƴƲͬͬУǱˬӦ¡
Ϊ֮£һ˵ڱͣ죬һ̩ĻԶˣļҲС˺ܶ࣬˵ƽľ˼ӢȰ̽һ¡壬ĺʱݺɲݳĺʱͶžڻͷ֮ңõѽѧϣתӢ
һڵ԰žҲ˼ЦС㣬˵ǲܹ¶ɲ׷ˡ֮ǰΪٵˣɪԲȻȴ֪ķҶˣҶѲǡ׾ӡɲˡ⼸գء
ЦҪ˵⻰ҪǴ׼ָҪôء
үôǰһ̴ӵۣһ̸Ͻޣ
ʱߺžҿѧϴһʱպˣ˵ҲԽԽûˡҹλգ޳ȥɺã
ֵžˣתȥС㣬ʰСūȡȡЦ
˶Цˡ
Ӣڴƾ磬ЦЩҡĲɣ͢㿴⸱ģ˹̾ѽ˵ϲܣЩʱҿɶأҶˡٺ٣ֵҹҪˮҲ˵ҶԸԸί㣬ʹԸ⣬λϵε֮Ů𣿡
ҪʲôܲˡˣҪӵݾˣҲȱϮλĶӡ
ӴϲܣΪ㻹Ըһװ
үе£㲻Ӣת͢ļ̧뿪
ˡˡ䴫һͶžæֹס˴֣ˣ·𣿡
һݲŻصܹ
ӢŽȥֻ˷֬Цٻ⣬뵽ʱ衢ĿӣЩˣʱŻع
ŶŶûʲôվҪˣ֪˻ʲôҪðģŽմ㣬絽ߵСһðˡ
룬·;ңԶ֮ǰԼĴͣʱð죬ȻǴ˵ĻͲˣȷʵһЩճҪðģͷӦʣӢϰһСС
˵λڱݳǽ֮ϣ̼ƼطСһӦ룬Сߺ˵̸ˣڶʮ֡뿪ݣҪôʧɣҪôȲһֱлѰյӣϹСڿҷǳúһأŮһáԳ¶ţžһؿƷ飬ò
Ӣһ·ž˵֮һ˵ɱδʢʱ衢μѣһ˵ʵΡ·ȥȵȣʮ־̾
ڼϹʱֱҹĻʱַصӢϴסˣ
⣬ǰԼ˹ȥӢϷƵĴӻóһֻ񹤾µӣȻѸײڶ֮ƴϡ
Ȼջֿ˿ʵܹӣǡ
ӢЦһӣֵʲôǮ˵ɷ¡ڹϵ;ϵʱ˽һϱߵķף˵أӦˮбٻεĹЧԸڼϸһŰɡꡱһЦ˳ܹôҲЩŵĶ֮˵֪ߴ丽ᣬʵֻϱߵȳʪ߲ѣֻҪ֮ʪҩӦиݵġ
ӢԳȣУһ·ʹŰɣôҲȻص尲ѡ
ֲ֪ҲЩСϾᣬǱͷл˴
ϵŮѾ÷˳ʳ͢˻æУк˽šѧϵҪ뿪ȴ͢һס£ͲҪʲôˣĴһԷģã˼ʢ飬ѧϺͶžҲȴõͷ߸˵ˡ
һϯζȱǰࡢŽϺ֭㡢Ǵɽ𡢺˲㽷鼦ˬﱫƬȵȣǱһĺʣּ˺Ļַʳĵ⿵ļãʳָ󶯡
Ӣһϲʮָˣ벻͢㻹е취ȻеҵһλڵĻ˴˻ģһ·ʳˣص尲ҪúллλӲС
͢óƿƵǰЩҶ˵ĸʶյĺöνͶ֮ҡ֮أȷʵûнյƷҲڱһһЩöλ뿴˱ݵļƿɲ򵥣ַǳأҳɫ˵ͷ˯ǣҪн
Ӣƺһյ˵ǱߵľЩһǺǶŴĻƾЩ֮ͬߵľƶС󡢸죬˾ƣȡϵһĵ죬ǣڳһֳ࣬һʱ䣬ųɾơ
һ֣һƲλãоҺ΢΢ʻɫȴǳ͸ɾ쳣һ֬
ӢЦǴ˾Ƶľ֮ݳɾ֮󣬾Һᱻȥйˣ洫Щֺ֬ʣ˵ʣµİ׾ƾ峺͸ˡڳĹ˾ҺʣҺʮָɾһ˿ǡ
ƷһڣʱһǿҵϤӿͷⲻҶ׼ǰʱϲشƷһϹôʱԼһӣ˵ȴ˾פ̩ʢһ糱֮ʱٸ𰸡ԭƱžƱҺٴ˶Ҷ׼˼һʱܱߵĶֱӢٴȰƲžѹϯ
ʤֻ˼ڣı⣬Ƕžȴ˼ЩˣвʱСֱľƱۼҺҪȹϣžæһߵǸһ־ȥ
žʧӣЦŰο䣬Ҳó־һãһᣬۼĶžȴմ˾Һӱɫ
С㣬㿴ôɫˣ
Ŷžľ˶ӿȥһʱ󾪣մ˶Һϯ֪ʱҩˣ


109
ѧʶվýֻ֫ѧæȥͻıƬպ㣬񣬺ȻһסѧϣΪһܽҩ𣿣˵ţӿһִֽذΪ˸ʶ
ȴѦȺѧǫ
һܣôᱻѰ˿϶ҩӢǰ˼⣬תͷһĻζȻѣǸߣ˵֮ضʱһλڵĻϵʦԭѦүˡ
ѦЦλүҴҵһʦҲ벻ơȰλҪǿд߶ͼⶾɢôýģһɲҪûѣ
Ʋ࣬жǿѦбҲһ𾲹䡣
ܹ͢ίǿзŭѦȣҿǳıӵƱӣ
ӴˣҵСˣҶ﹫ӣֻӻԼӣλĹƻ󣬲ĵģλǾµˡ԰ŲòһСƫλܷģʱҩЧԿɽһǰĺ֢
Ѧȱ˵ߵߣӣˣΪҰȻȻһ§Լ
Ѧȣſң
Ѧ˿ĺۣѱһ̶̾ԣζ㲻֪ζڻ
ǿѹԼĶķθ֮УתͷȥܵرܿѦȣ
Ī֪ʣѦȽɿٿȻš˫ۣ׺˵Ȼһؼˣ
šüˣ飬˺ңұ㽫ţʹ浽ҲҪ浹
ðȥ棬㾡ȥ棡Ҳȥ˵˵ţѦȱšĸ첲ǿߡ
Ѧȣ㵱ĿˣͲҳҵҲҪҳƤô
ӣҪô֪Ϊһַ̻Ů˴֣ܻŷ磬ǲýοѦ£ˣ׻˵򹷲ҲҪôǺǡ
㣡͢ʱȻŭʢҲ޿κΣ˵ҲԣұΪ˱ܿ͢סڲطâܾ尲׾Ϊһزʶ
žǣѦȺȻʲôѧǫ˵ѧǫϲѾͷʹ߰ɣүһˣ
ѧǫɫЩѿҧҧûж֣Ѧ߳˴ա
һѦȰȫ˳ȥ˳ۼڼװ֮ϣ׼ϰ뿪
Ȼಡһ֧Դֱ֮Ѧȶ˵ʱʱ죬ѧǫæӽ£ֻáѵһͷ뱦ļײǻ𻨣ѧǫҲסƣ˼
һæȥֻӢȵشӴֱֳ߳˫ؿǡ
Ѧȴ󾪣Ӣ㡭
ɢȷʵôѦүҲǴҩİɣǱӣ̹Ӧô⣬ɱףδ䣬ӢĽѾ˹ˢˢоͰǰ󺺻ڵء
ѧǫڣæѦ˵үϰ˵žͳӢɱ˹
ǲӢμкȡһСذףֱֱѦȷɽȥѧǫˣòתطѦȣӢץʱٽеı׼ѦȵķӳѦۼΣսòɿоܿǱ
ӢһȥԾ˽ˮ֮У
ҰҶ׼ĿںȻһʹ̲סеĲյľ˻һ߼δ壬ްԻʹ̣֮ǰһֱǿʩҩѹƣߣҩѹơ
Τ֪ٴηæǵʵҶ磬û°ɣ
û£ֻһ·µ帺زһʱѹסѣûʲô󰭵ġصˣ˽ھ£ȥԴһĽһƣɶϸ
Τ֪ͷʮǣҶ磬ѾҵϸҲõźͲͼııᱻҴοôżϻسˣǵܲˡҶ׼Ŵңɫ΢΢׵ָؽҲܿܵʹжҡ
ɵ顣ҵȻ¶Ժܿᴫ̽ӵĶǱھӦ֮ǰһֲᣬҲ˵ٰܷ⵹¶ѱ
ǡ
˾·ɡҶ׼ٿȻΤ֪ĹģϷһͭȥǣ
Ҷ׼˴֮еƸۡˮһսϸصüҼƱ任֮˲񴻹Ҷ׼û취ڶʱ֮ڽҵ
Ҷ׼޷ϸѣֻϸǱݺ͹ϵų˵ιϵڶʹҶ׼ֻΪ׷ɱ彭ߣϸҶ׼˲볯͢׵ģϢȻѰ˾һ˫н͸˷ѸҶ׼ţǵģǾµ޵
ȻϸܿҵҶ׼µټѭټҵ
ϸϵ֤ҵ͢۰ֵ֮͢Զֲ֪Ҫ׵ϢǺֻһЩ߹Ķ̬޹ش֣˴£Ҳûµʹϡ
ǰڷֻ֤Լϣ֪֮©˷ǵþ׷ᣬ֤ݾͳɽˣ޲øϽӸҶ׼ʮ¡Һ̩˺̩ʢҵ׻õóǮҪչһ̸սǾͲ֪鵽ʱˡ
Ҷ׼Τ֪õ֤ݺ̸ϸˣͣظ˺ü·Ѫƥպ󵽴˳˳⡣Ҷ׼Ϊ⣬ٴα任ݣı󶯡գһũ˴ڳǻһ·ȻҶ׼ϢѾ˳ˣ˷෹һ̸ʣ˲ͶңѸ뿪Ÿ
Ҷ磬ҺûóȻǣȻسǽʿ¡
ձȨسǵĽʿԼ׾֮£򲻿
Τ֪ͷ֪ͨѦˣѦ취ǽǣ
ɣҹƴܱһ㱻ˣǵϢûᱻػ񡣡
˼䣬һȻΧ
Ҷˣþò


110
Ҷ׼սѭȥȻǾӡ¸ˡ
ǣ벻үԼ¸˧ˣҶĳ˺εºܡ
ҶǴˣĳڴ˶˰ɡ
Ҷĳ˵ı©֮㣬ǼʹҪãҲǴˣôҲֲױɡ
ҶˣĳҶ˴ֻǼģҶ˲ҪС
ŶҶĳɲ֪Լʲôܽ˾ķۡ
ˣݹĳˣ䣬ʮɱֱѸٳ鵶Ҷ׼Τ֪˹
Ҷ׼Τ֪˿¶ӣνӦսǹѲڣغ䵽·磬Ƶһ
ҶˣĻᣬҪĶģϽ
ߣܹ鲻ϣضԣҶĳҪôߣҪô
ὣҪ̹ȻһϺȣס֣δ䣬һ԰˵ľѸΧϣǰΧ˸ʵ
һ㵣δ㱻ָסʺáֻһһԭǴԬ࣡
ԬˣҶĳ鰸ô
Ԭ๰ЦҡңҶ˿롣˵űǣƥҶ׼Τ֪Ȼˣѽ˵ѹش£
ԬҶ׼˾ֱȥҶ׼ԶԶ㿴ܱһƬɱڷԲʮ֮ⶼѾΧۡĵشվһпս졢ɢһأѪδɡ
Ҷ׼һűԾ˽ȥ
ֻѾΧں԰ڸὣھ֮ǰߵױʣʮˣҲ˲ʣ޷΢ңȴѦϻ󣬾ĶŽ̬լѱһнͨΧסһڼƣھŵޣͯǿ졣
һҶ׼ǻŭὣָҶ׼ܿܣ챾޻˵ǰҲŪף㾿úֶνܺͲͼ͸ʵ۵ģ
Ҷ׼ۣһԡ
ô޵ĲҪ
¼ݵ̳һߺΧԾĽ˵Ⱦ¹ɽꡣ
Զѭңң
ǣмֱ棬ѻʵ۱Ҳ˹ѭʮıÿɻ̹
̳æָȵҳӣֱ䣡
Զ۰ڰ֣ʾһ˵¡Ѿڸ¥֮ϲ˹֣޿ɶ˱˳ʮ֮⣬ԾɽŽ䱸
ֻ֣޺㣬˵˵λģ
ߣʮǰľ£֪֪֪֪λӣҵģҲģʵܵģȻʵҪ۲ܣ۳ףģ
Զһʱŭָ㻹ʵܣ㰲ݵˣڰȷ͵˽𼦲ݣЩװܺʵ֮㻹ʲô˵ģôҲ벻㾹Ȼ¶֣
ұôϧҵһ⣬Ҫͷȥǧ֮ݣ˭֪᲻ᷢ裬֮ǰļı㣬Իȡϵɣ
ļı֣ıѭ÷վȣֻýеıֱֱش̵סֻ֣£㳹ʧˣʵ̫֮λ󣬴˭δ֪
֣ӨͲǸҵԧ죡
֣ϲ׵ĺȥ֣ϰһֱʵܣȻҲڱڼӣ֮ʺŶίߣί㣬һԸһеһֱ㣡
£Ҫ˵ˡѦϺȻʹصعڵأ¡
֣ϰʵܣȻЦ״Ʒ񲣬˼ʮ꣬ѵ˸֣ϵ뷨𣿣
֣ҲǸˡ
ѭټ̤ңδ䣬ȻٽԶ۴ȥԶʮ֮ңĽѸӦϴ֮㡰ಡҷ
ۡһֱѪʱѪĽеȴͦһѦա
գ
գ
ѭͬʱѭΣգһ˹ȥһס˵صѦա
աôģϸ̫ҽʱͯһ㣬ĹˣãȻʧ룬ѭ̫ҽأǹա
Ҷ׼벻澹չҪȥȴסּȣκÿ
ѭְסѦѪ˿ڣ֪֧췦ֻ۱ʹգǺο࡭
Ѧ˿ǿӶѭ¡ֻһ£ҷͺһ
ѭʹ֣ɫԽԽ׵Ѧգصص˵ͷ
Ѧճһתָգæһסա
үմܰߣޡ޻ڡ䣬ֱֻٿȻأţ
ա쳤Х
ѭվὣָŭ𣿣ձ˶ʮֱ꣬Ȳһʵ黰ʮʼնƫִΪ¼侮ʯǾ֣ԵֵһԹҲ룬־֮ѦվףɨˣڣǾ䡮޻ڡ𣿣
աա㲻һֱغ𣿱ȥѦսرڻݵѭš
㲻䡭ѭˣǱ˫ۣתȥ
תһ˲ȻıȻֱֱشԼ
ѭ󾪣أﻹüǱѾݺݵعᴩؿڣ
֡㣡
Ⱳӡû㣬᲻ԼĽ䡭
޵һ̣ѦҶϵ򸾱ϾԼʮĸҶбʹ֣šүҪȥѦۺᣬȴҲҪݺݵرڻȥ
ǡ磬յգѭͷҫ۵⣬۽ǵˮȻ䡭
Զʮĺ͢Ѹ£ްţѦѳޣʥ飬شͺᡣ
ĺҹѭźĹţҹ˼
̨̳ԥС˹ȥ£֮ǰٵѦѦˡѾڵʱˣ֪
ѭ񣬼̶תȻ
ڶʱƻ̳ͨѦȻ˹š
ѦУߵ¡
ɡѭָָԼԱߵλã


111
Ѧԥһᣬ̨ףԶԱߡ
ѭԳнֻҸ˵˵
Ѧвֵأϴʥ͡
ѭ£ЦԶʮǰľ£һҲû𣿳Ѧɹ޿Ψһ֪ˡ
͢£ҿ̽
Ǻǡҿ̽Ĳҿ̽λỳɾҵı֤֤λȻУ˵Ҷ׼ǧټ͸ģ

ˡˡʱ뾴㲻ܻͷֻաѰ
ıһ£һ֪
޲֪Ҳ̬˶񻯡Ӳ˽⵱ʵ飬ʢ£Żᱻ´ա
ѦгĬǾƣҲ֮ʱ·Ҷ׼׷̽Ҷ׼Ͷϵ彫֤ݽֱӳʵݸԶۣ򸾿ܲߵ˫˫ĵز
ܣԵɡ겻Ժܵ棬Ǳ㲻ʶģûгģǽһУܶᷢ
ŴѦȻ̧ͷؿԶۣʵ˵ǡĸף
ǣϣеڶġ
ѦɫԸꡣ
ûгģʵǸ񵭵ĸԣȻԹʵİţȢ֣ϡ̫ӡǵλһ֣ϳף֣ϾͲԪѽװɢģȻҲкǶֵĻ¡ûǶλ£ձ㲻Ϊ˹ȫ¼ޣգҲˡûм޸һΪ޵Ĳ
¡Ĳ
һΪλ곤Ļڶ£ʿŷ˻顣ǡһˣȻ¬һôҪͷǺˣʱƣ֮λȷʵܵģ¬һҲ˻ʺֻԸȢգ˺һһ⣬
ˡ񣬲ĸϲģǱ°ɡ
ѭЦյһ޸ޣ޻Ⱳܶ϶ᱻ޸лҲ֪䣬ҲôıҲѦɹ󣬵󣬲Ҳô
ѦסЩţ˵ĸףҸף
֮ûѡʵܣΪûи飬ߣϲ׷ʼʱʵܼĵĴѡ޸ڼ޸£Ը⣿
ԡĸڵǰѡ˸ס
ѭͷ̾ϢϧҲĲԸ谭ǰ̣뿪ͲҪǰ̡
ĸ֮以㹻̹ϣ㹻Σ㲻⡣
ʱԼҲԼԱٷְٵţ
һ󺮷ڣ֮ҡҷԶۺѦж˳Ĭ֮󣬸Զ̧ͷ˿ɫ죬תͷѦ˵ףΪѦŴ永ƽաҶ׼ΥסѦȺѦkᵳ㣬ΪȢҶ徹߾˽ܣޣһ档ЩΪѦҺ鸣죬ҲΪͣΪաѡԾ޵ĸǰľǷ޵顣Ȼޣޱ㲻Ҫ󡣡
Ѧסһæ£ߵл¡
ѭɫأٴվѦ˵ǴӽԺѦաѦңΪ֮
Ѧٴߵͷл˳˴
ԶԽᷣ忤ӣͻڸ˾˵ҪĨⳡ˽ʮ꣬˿ǶǵıȻûıһ˵Ҷ׼ȻҲ֮˵ƽݡ˵߳£Լʵ»
񴱻һگٻسˣһǾͱ˱ȨּϮ⾴񴲢ǺͿ֮ˣ̬ݱ˲ȣҲûнĸ֮ﵽҶ׼Ѧеͷϣֻǲٰ길ĸɥչز
ˣڳš
һг䶨Ҷ׼ż尲ѰѦеĸۡסѦкҶȴȰ˵ȵƷҾԴһѾһ壬С׼壬ôҵڵĽ봫飬ֺķôྫо͸ΪѾκ˴룬ͲԴһϸˣɲܹ㰡
Ҷ׼Ц֮˵ҲȰӻƷѣֲǲȥҵһֱѹƵúܺãǣһʱȰӻȽҪ
С׼壬ҵģƷ塪
ҶȻţձЩ֣Ҷ׼Щ⣬ϵЦЩסĲյҲ˰գûȣҲûţΪһҪƷ壿ǿʲôң
ǡҶż΢΢ð
ѦкȻǣס֣λ߰ºתҶ׼˵ǵİΣǵͶ·ŻὫ֤ݽɲôģʾãͶϣ㣬㱾ˡλȱţ֮ʣ뿪
ߣѾ;νı֮ܰҰȥɣҶ׼ٴζյŵһڡϵ²Ĵ治̩Ѿ˺¢ϵĽϵУҶ׼οɡ
ֹǰշ㣬»ٵΪ˲ţϲΤӦʱСЩʱҲÿΤӦʱǱʮѡ֪Ĺϵ΢
Һ֪겻΢ûŮ֮顣
ô룬Ҳô롣Τ֪ͬͬϣͬسˣô룿
ֻҪôˣҲںҶ׼²յ뿪һ̶뵢ˣ֪ǷƽǷʮ˼ֱ֮ǰ˶ѦȵĪ־֪ľǷָƽ͡Щҵͷһֱ޷ٵȡ
Ѧһ鷿ſڣȻȥѾҲ㣬ɫˣٳ۸þûһԾƵ衢յˣȸʹ죬͵Ϊ׳С
Ҷ׼һЦѦеļ򣬡ã۱ҿ常ǸȻطʰһңٹικӣϲҺӡڲװˣúúʰһԼ
ҶſҶ׼뿪ıӰһȣǿ̶ʱˮ˳У£ô졭С׼һ˹ԼҲҪ˵Ʒˡ
Ѧ򴽣ᱧסѵҶ壬šü̾Ϊ֮ƣֹֻ뿪ˡ


112
ҹµգҶ׼뵽ϱ˫˫ܣʮָˣδѦȰƱٹһΪкƣ˭֪վͷĿѣ֫˶񣬺ȻˣѦоǡ
ۼҶ׼Ҫ£ѦæסҶ׼ת˲˹ȥ
Ҷ忴ʧȥʶҶ׼ҲʮֻңУֻ취𣿡
־ܲס̫µģƿ̫£ȻҪõ׼˲ţֻҪ߳ǼţϾͻᱻԴ׼ڵĸԣǲΪãȻŹѦ˵žͽ˽Ҷ׼ط䣬תͷҶ˵Ʒ뾻Դ㿴
ҶͷĿѦʧںҹ
һ磬Ҷ׼Ҷæ𣬽һҩ˵ǰС׼壬ˣ벻ľҲô࣬ûòˡѾˡ
Ҷ׼㶵ؽӹҩһںȸɣȻȴζ֣šüʵѾҺȹʮΣôҲȲζ⾿ʲôҩ
Ҷӹ룬߲תصǾԴҩľġ
ԴŶˣǴ㶯ȥ尲ģô˯ڶû˵ˣҵøϽʰһ£ڳӱޣӦþܵ尲Ҷ׼˵žҪͷϵѣ֮кȻǿûص¡
Ҷæ£Ҵñ˵ûأо·ϢһᣬҲ٣尲̩һչˣǰµɲµģ
ͷϵĻأҲֲҶ׼ˣܿ˯˹ȥҶ忴ȣȻ˯˳ȥ
ѦҶ׼˯²ŰЩģתԴʵʵҩм˯֮ҩ治Ӱô
ѦʩҶʩλܷģɢõѰҩƶɣ޺ȲӰҩҩЧҲ塣Ҷʩ˵Щˣҩ£һ±ܿ񡭡ôҲҪ¹⾰ܶϸƶֻôá
ҲҪ˾ͽ⻧ɸֻͼݵҪ¸СסһʱˡԺƸѾʰãİ˴ŵģҽס£лѦйҾȻ;Դȥ
Դ߱Сͨ˵ãѦֻóӭ
һѦб㿪żɽѦˣСºҲǵһμˣұ㿪żɽ
Ѧй񣬡ܴ޷
СҶˮű֧Ѱ˺Щʱգһ񡣲ĳ¸˼٣Ըϸݣһܹ̽ҪˡҪʬ˷󸮣ѦҪ׼һҶи̣ѦΣǲ
ֳѦԴӵиһԻغ֪ϸһһ
ˣĳȸˡѦҪֹͣסĲѦ
Ѧ޷ֻԭأۼԶѦеϲӹһ˿ǵɫʧ٣ģߣһи̣Ҳ޷Ҷ׼үֻΪסҶ׼ҶŲòװһµӣҲǼ尾
Ҷ׼һ˯ʮ£ڼ˱Ҷ廽Ѻҩ֮⣬綯һŲ֪ԴΪҩߣԺڵĽо͸ƵҶ׼Ѿ˴룬Դҩ֮ҲǵӦ֡ѦкҶۼҶ׼ɼĴͳ̶ȶս٣΢ġ
µıãֹһֻأⴺ֮ΤӦʱǨ¾֮Ȩٹ֮ףɸٻѦд첿̫Zׯİѳ£־ȱһּȫܿգۼ˰ԼԽԽԶ鼱֮±һơ
ҵҪЮҶ׼
ѦڱµĴΪջȻӢԼ½㲻ѦͷϣѦȵ˳ÿ죬Ҳû̫ע⣬Դһʱ̻ɲ׸棬ʲôҪЮҶ׼Ϊݶ̩ȫѰաܶټҪѦ֮ǰҵ
֪Լһ֮޷ԿֻԹԴ˵Ѱˡ͢㲢δ¼ˣ˳У͢尲͢ԲҵӢ㲻ȥˣֻ͢ЭˣͬʱҲ¡
һʱ֮䣬ȨƼϵڶʹæս£ϾźЩ˺尲ĸŹڣָɱݴʷ֣ԺӴˡ֣Ժ㱾ǻ˾УӪΤӦʱܿȨ̨֣Ժû˱ӻΤӦʱǰݴʷŻﱻ֮Ѱ˸ͷᵽݡ
֣ԺѦҲʶˣںѰ֮ǰ㻥йѦҲαݴʷ֣ԺŸڱ϶֣֡ԺҲѦмʾãͲӢʧٺһֱӦԣһССı֮ؾȻѦеܵһԼԲ˶ߣ֣Ժ㲻Լ˰Ѻ
˾ϵһеֵ֧жʮϲٽвֵľ͸ˣҾϵش֮أɽܣ֧ѵɽǧذתƾ޷ڶʱȫ
תʮ£Ѧмǽϵͺһȸ˰ѹ˸ɾǽԶҪ룬֧Ԯݾѣһ˱ˮࡢ˾ũµ˾Ӧ˱֡
һֹ㽥˵ףZׯרӪеͭרӪѾʵﹱ˰ƽ׼ɫŰѻʵ۵Ŀϣ͢°ٹٵٺ»
ZׯĲŻҪͷչֵ쾡£Z尲ʿŷԶ⽫ߪΪ̫һεˣһ̫־ͳһʯԶۼζŲߣֻŴαλա
־λѾɲʲôɼˣ޽ѹסZׯҪס̫µļȵ棬ֹZ硢ׯ˶̫ȨĲʳͱҵһλԽ־˳ȶɽ˼룬³Ҷ׼ҲҲڶˡвʯ󺣡ţֻӲ


113
ѦжöҶ׼ҩԼжѵ㲻ôο߶֪ˣñһλſǮģһĶطɢ´ҩһʱ֮ȫɥʧֻɷҩĵһǲ
ؽͨѦһŷװǮѦø˲Ҷ׼ҩɢȻȻҶ׼ķ䣬ҩЧʹԼ뿪
ۼҶ׼üšҩЧҪǮſھʹȻһҶ硱ŶǮæ㵽֮󣬾䡣
Ҷ磿Τ֪أʮֲӣЩģͷˣҶ˵ҩǰ״̬õʱôȥʮֲءҶ磿ﲻ
Ҷ׼һѲѵӣüšɣš
Τ֪꿴ܵӣЩָüģпҶ磬ҪôԼϣһγܵô֪֪ࣿһ꣬ǲΣֻҪõ֪֪꣬궨ӡһֱôش֪ߣǸöáҶ֪Խ˵Խţҵģģָöá˫ۣظϢ
Ȼһ˫ı۰αס
Τ֪һæ̧ͷȥȴҶ׼Ѿѣһ˫۾ؿ
Ҷ磬㡭Ȼŵģ˫ȴնȫһˣҶ֪껹ΪЩ˯ҩö˲ĻȥоԴ
Ҷ׼ûзſ˼ûӦʱһݺѹ£
Ҷ磡Τ֪꾪ôˣ
Ҷԭһģ;е±סˣΤ֪ȹŸߵţ÷Τ֪ľΪҶ׼£æŽ֮һֱŵûɢҶ׼֪֪Լڸʲô
ҶСȥҪҶ׼Ҷ׼׳󣬸ԣæԿʼҲŵסˣҶһŻعææ
ڵĶ;ˣʱвΧǰ֣ҲлæϷţȥ뾻ԴǮ࿴żƾ֪Լûˣδⱻֻôæ룬ȥչҶ׼һȻˣҶ׼ҩʹ¾ȻðΤӦʱǧ¸֪Ҳ£ܽǮöͣϻ
Դһ֪Ҷ׼˶óֱͷٻѨľ¶ŵǿ״̼ѡ
Ҷ׼˹ӵɻѣôˡ
Ҷ͸һƣ𣡡
Ҷ׼ŷ̵գŤͷڽﲻ֪Τ֪꣬ʱʲôǲʲôȫ֪
ԴæҶ˵ٸѦҶʩˣҶʩһ涾ֶҩԭкֱ֣ܶƶ֪Ҷʩеһֻ֣֪˴˶᳹ɥʧǣƾĵһǲ
Ͼ涾ҶһᣬתΤ֪ʵ֪꣬㾿С׼˵ʲô
Τֺ֪ѿ˵ֲǣ˵ֲǣᶼ˳δ˵ʲôֻǡֻǡ˵Ҳգ˵Ŷȥ뿪Ѧ
Ҷ׼ʱѳѣһº֪ԼѾ˯˺ܾãæ´ҶʵѦ˯˶ãҶЩʲô
С׼塭ǶΪãҲ֪ôģ֮ǰõĶֻͨɢ˯ѣʲôҩһ㾻Դ֤
Ǿ˭˭Ҫҩ
Τ֪꣬ǵһ㣬ҪҩˣԼҲŵòᡣ
Ҷ׼Զ˶һȻ뵽ʲô֮ҩҵ٣ֻǲ֪ʱ˽ˣһ´ºΤ˵Ķ
ɫأӦԣ㴫Ҷ׼Τ֪Ĺ֮£
ΤӦʱѽȣνλ˳Τ֪²Τҵļ£ݱ¹س͢Ĺ£
Զ۵汾ЩҲסټʷνԵֱָΤӦʱμ޷³͢ʧ°գٹ֮׵ν֮ԶѾ˼ְ⡣
Ҷ׼ȻΤӦʱλҲȷʵԲΤ֪꣬ⷬһδĹһô˵ڿڣŶ±յĭ
ΤӦʱݰѦеĻɸҶ׼ҲٶȦӣֱ˵ҪҶ׼ƸӭȢΤ֪꣡
Ҷ׼ȻһڻؾΤӦʱҲ˵ú赲Ψһɶʱһ˵õȮ죬ĺС̩㽫޿֡ǿȡᣬѦкҶ׼ĿľӪΪУѦҡҶҡռң˵⡣
ΤӦʱⳡ£֪ҲӦⲻΤҵļ£ǴҲǴӣҲôӣ
Ҷ׼ѵľأҶĳѾ䣬˻尲һؼңȢ
ΤӦʱҶ׼Ҳ˵֮ĻûаֽΪ֤УҲѾϱˣ
ΤˡѦкҶ赲ΤӦʱѾʧ֮ȫ˵˳
ʲô˼Ҷ׼ȻΤӦʱ˫ŭѡ
ѦŭΤˣ˵õģʲô˵ʲô˵Ϊʧˣ
ǱľˣҲֻ̫࣬ѲڣλΪλ˲˴֣Ϊãʹ಻˵ѱ˵˵ѵ˶˵𣿣Ҷ׼ҲҪ֪
Ҷ׼ȻȭתѦкҶŭʲô£
ΤӦʱʱȴ˵λ˼պҶ˵Ļظǣ
ѦкҶ֪֮ҲסֻýڱѦαѦ֡ʧٵһһ˵
Ҷ׼˫죬ȫı޴йΨһȭ֮ϣѦкΪβһңʧ࣬ȴһֶ˵ںεأ
Ҷ弱Ŀ޳æǰס˵С׼壬ڱŬһ̶ûֹͣҲһ̶ûзһһ˲̫𡣿ľɼƵȴܼʱϸ»ᷢչɳ⣬ԺԶҲϲ˸ˣԡ
ǾסʧٵϢһڱݹ¿Ҷ׼ٴŭ޷ᾭѺ裬һˡҰޡΪ٣пʱɥʢŭ֮µҶ׼һ˦Ҷ壬Ҷվȣײǡ


114
壡Ѧֿ죬ѸٽҶס̶Ҷ׼ŭʧÿһ˶ܵģҲǣѾпԵȥѰǳҵͬģѾôȥңҲͽ޹
ˮڻ̲סҶ׼Щ޴룬ûûʲôΨһܿ϶ǣˣزת˳ȥ
С׼壡ȥġҶĴ󺰣Ҷ׼ȴţһ̲ͣܡ
ѦɫأסҶ˵סˡȥҲãֻҪһ첻һŲڳҲ޾ļ尾ΤӦʱƣٲ뿪»ᱻΤӦʱźΤ֪ã˻ӹһ١
ľˡ
һ£ӦòƵˣֻԺܲܶϸ죬ԴҲ˵ε˲βȥɡ
ҶۺᣬбʹֻýסѦУ
ֻǵǰľѾɲҶ׼ѡˣѦϣѾڳ˳Ⲽ޵Ҷ׼ųű㱻ʮɱΧסһ֮Ҷ׼ѲڣȻѺ
ûѦȶ޺Ҷ׼ɻ˼ίߡӭϣļ٣֮ʹѦȣǨŭܲӲʩνƣ¶̫¡
춼޽ɱģϾѦѾZׯټһҶ׼绢Щ˽ʹΪΤӦʱãҲɣȻΪáҪǣ²Ҷ׼ԼҶΤ˷绯ŵΤӦʱļƲߣԭ򽻵Ҷ׼
Ѧк֪ܿҶ׼Ϣû֤ݱ㲻ܹȻɱûʵ۸״ֻ֮ΤӦʱΤӦʱȻҶ׼ӪΪãҪҶ׼Ƕ˵ûʲôνˣҶ׼ֲΤӦʱʲôˣƾʲôҪΪȻ˺
ѦпЧǱΤӦʱ뿪֮ʾΤͥԺȻΤһһںҶ׼ϻؼһ⣬ҹɫʯͶΤ֪ķ
Τ֪ԸӦΤӦʱҶ׼ɻ飬ѱΤӦʱڷҹ˾˯ȻŶæ鿴Ƿźһʱ󾪣ҹҪΤӦʱֱҶ׼Ҳ
ΤӦʱûнڷ̸֮ҪҶ׼δΪɣҶ׼ɻ飡
ΤӦʱ̬ȼΤ֪֪Ҷ׼ѲһʼҪӣһҶ׼ΪãǱ㲻ϧɱ
ΤӦʱگؾʱ㲻һĸˡΤ֪ΣֻúͷӦʡ
ճΤӦʱ㵽鷿ԶһͻּȫҶ׼Τ֪֮ˡ
ԶЩ⣬תһ룬ΤӦʱҲԼλȣȰҶ׼Τ֪ɻ飬Ҳã͢ǱסˣֹɣܿһּΪҶ׼Τ֪ͻ顣
ּµЩΣӦҶ׼Τ֪ͬʱӭӵʥּȴֻΤ֪һ˳֣Ҷ׼ȴӰ
ʵµּȻҲּˣԶܲŭܿʹ˳Ƿ˸׳ҲҪҶ׼ҳ
ԶּͺðˣΤӦʱۡױѹѹǰҪˡ·ϣκΤӦʱ̧ǮţΤӦʱбȻʹǮ̰֮ΪӬͷ΢ΤӦʱ֤֤ڣԼٲǲԶ۽ֻ֮Ѱ˸ڣ˵Ҷ׼ϣ֪ںεضơ
ȻԸ⽻ˣΤӦʱҲ˵αΣǸ˸ʹǸѰǵطȥˡ
ȻûûЩҶ׼֣˭ϵΤӦʱֻϺ꾹ȻԼŮҲҪף˵׻Լݲϣȡͻʥּһ£Ҷ׼ٲԸҲòΤ֪Ȣؼҡ
ĴͻʥּԶ۰Ҷ׼һͨɳ겻ټϳ͢δı֮£һвǷԣЩıĪ˵踺ء
Ҷ׼˲ţԶǲԸλһμаʾ־Ӧλͣʵ۵ּȻ޷Υ־ֻܲ鲻Ըءϻ硱ԶתڴͻʥּҶ׼Ϊɣ׼ٸԭְ־̫䡣
Ҷ׼Τ֪һΤҽԶ۵ʥּ󣬶һ˻صһƬ̫丮լۡͲЩ꣬ˡ־լӣھڼһֱסμλڳ˵ıԷҶ׼տҲլӣӿһɬ
ļңȴһδ̤
Ҷ廳Űݵ飬ǿ̱ʹҶ׼׼Ƹ񣬱Ͼǻʵ۵Ĵͻ飬ԷǵǧƸǺõġ
̩˲ȱǮƸ׼úǳ֣һ̩صشӰѰһʮ壬ŮʹõᣬҲʹõ塢塢ָȣõĶϺõ֬Ө͸ʢ󣬺Ǿ
Ҷ׼ö壬ָĸᡣ
ҵƷϹԱʹҶ׼δƷڶʹʱһϵϵΣöҶҼӶʦܵ¹塣ö壬Ҳô࣬ö壬ʱѦȵӣԾѦ衣
Ҷ׼Ҳ벻ͨö徿ļĽ١
Ҷ岻ţ߹ס֣˳ùö壬ŻϻȻ˵Ƹ񣬸֪ģ
һ˫أǲҪ壬ǲҪ֪ꡭ
Ҷ׼˫֣ͥԺ̾ԺӸһˣưܵԺӭףǻôͻ޹⡭
͵ĴϲߵҶ׼Դ˵ݵ£ģһ꣬Թȥ˵ݳǳĺӶˮϺ֣½Ѳ㡣ߣӢȻеܾȻ㣬ȶӵ涪ã͸֪ͥԺԺⶼùźá
Ҷ׼Ц֪ˡݡˡ
Զʮģ̫丮һ£Ҷ׼˴ӵӭȢΤӦʱΤ֪ꡣǵҶ׼ȴȵ·֮ͤ˯һ˸Ҷ
Ҷ׼ػسãܿҵͶһ𺳵
̫£һƽ׼Ρ


115
ǻʵﹱ˰սе˽ܡб˽ΪԲҶΪ軧̣ͱȽһȵĲҶطΪ˰ϵȲҪϵȲ裬еȲ輴еȲ裬Դƣܵ˵ǡʲôͽʲôǲ˰ܲ軧Ļ¸Ĭ䡰Դγáʲô裬µȲ˰͵˾˾յĻʵǷѣӰƽ׼˾Ķۺ顣
Ѧƹܻ󣬶Ըص˰ƶȽ˴ȵĸĸظõĻܳ˲С¼¡ȼλƹԱ⣬ʵ˰˰ȫԱΡԱǵطƸĹԱڹԱУȥƾٸϡԱʵһһƶȣвΪŵְ͸޲Ϊ߰սɻʵﹱ˰ֵ˶ջĹ˰ɫԽãгԽ࣬򹦼ԽѣٺԽߡ
ĸ֮󣬸˰յķһʱΪʵ˰˰ٶ˰˽๴ᣬһ÷ְ֣졣붪С״´ˡ֮ٺ빱˰ĲֵҹΪԼӲ˰Դγãȫµʵﹱ˰ʵˡʲôͽʲô˾յĻɫΪĽ
֤ʵﹱ˰Ҷ׼ʼ쵼̫³нӸĸЩʵﹱ˰гϻ档˾ռƽ׼˾Ͷг˾˾ƽ׼˾ʵʾǳ͢ġӪСһеĻԣٷ䡣
Ҷ׼Ҳصľ˾ƽ׼˾һƶȸĸ˸˾ʹʹ¼¡ҪΪԱ⣬ԱһԱΣһһΡʱȺ׼õؾ˾ĳɱٺ׼ƽ׼˾룬֮ĲΪؾƽ׼ԽĵٺԽߡ
ⳡĸõײԱ漰͢߹ٵļȵ棬һ䲼ԳЧѦкҶ׼赺ٴչֳ˵ıۿɼٶѸٳӯԶ۶˵ĲŻʮѦкҶ׼˽Լڳʱ
Ǿƽ׼Ļд˺ҲԶ׼ģгô󣬹ټһˣСˡֱ׵˵ƽ׼˾õĻﶼǴ˰ģ˵ɱֻҪ⸽һɱܽгеĻƷͬҪɱ⣬ҪеĻɱôҲƴټҡ
ҵţС̩ԼѦУٶܵθĸĳǺСѦϳʵĶ̩ڱܴ죬ÿκ̩ʢ涼飬ǰϵڶʹڱݵĵ̻̩ʢʳ߰˳ɡ
ҲסһʮܺشѦȱóɼ̩ʢеķ³򽫳жϺĺԺͺѦŹ··Ƽ˵Ѧ׼˺ųơޱ⡱ǰеĹ˽ûԥ˺üζ֣һ÷˽ʮʧ
һ߱Ѧȳɼһ߼ӽѦкҶ׼Ĳ磬ͼʷֲ̨֮εˣҶ׼ͷ϶͵Ļҵ˲ͻ߲֤ݱԶǰԡʵ۶ǼˣԼľ߱ӡ֤ǴĻΪǻƵģֻҪҶΤ˶Դͻ鲻ԣԶ۱㲻ǵĴڡ
ϧǣ̫丮ԼϢʾҶ׼Τ֪ǵûԽԽǢ
˸ճɻһʱҶ׼ƽ׼æòɿҪס̫⣬ؼҺ󲻾ñ·ĸƽϾʱ󣬸ǾΤ֪Τ̽Ӹĸ
ΤӦʱҶ׼ı⣬Τʱ˽ټ޹ȥѾ֪Ҷ׼ҹҹ·סڸ֮ʱҲǶмӣΤϷҶ׼Ѿ飬һһԴΤ֪ꡣ
Ѿʧһ£ʹβԸţĻ΢΢Ͽ³ѦкҶ壬û˻ΪţʹҶ׼Ϊ˿Ҷ׼ƺѾʵٴΤ֪ʱ¶ǰϧ۰𣬳ԷʱʱΪƣ·ǣ֣ΨҲһǰΤ֪겻õĵط
ӵݳǽʮһȻ˺һֱɽܣ֪ֽһĽӣ֮йһССܱһƬ̲Ϳ޷ͨУʯԻޡ
磬һվͷtԶĽ
ӢһߣֵݸҡҡͷƿӢ̾˿˵ôѴڲˮǲģˮ޷ۣ۴ظԽȥɲ⣬ǵʱŽĵļ˲ŵԽҳҪ߹ȥǲܵġ
ӢЩ˵飬ǣҲȷʵƼ֪Ҷ׼û˳õı֤ʹõܲ˳سسܲ˳͵ʵ۰ǰʹ͵ʵ۰ǰʵŲЩﷴݼ˲ٱ飬ټ϶Ҷ׼ԽԽĿ̹˼ЩŵĳƷˡ
ңǰӢ±֮沨ɳٺĺݳǣˮѣһвӢı˾յرܿ˽׵ĽʯҲֻ沨ɲйЮԽһֲڣձ˺˱ƽغϰ˭֪ǿ˲淽˺֮һӵļ˼ޡ
Ӣ£Ľӹޣʱˮ浽ʵأΧܵ¶˳˲ȥرûֻеѴڽŻᵽġػˡһġڡһѴڱͻСס㡣Ҳ˼ϲŻмéݣéﻹһЩȥѴʣʳµĴȣ˵Խ档ѴһվɹȻܷǡ
ӢŽϵĲΣ·ǰӿЩʴ˺һЩ̲Ϳ˹ҿ죬ʮ£ѴڱҪˡ
Żعϸ˵ǰһֱ꣬ʹѴڻҲһЩС͵ɽ鱬ɽй⽭󣬽Ȼͻˡ
һ̶
˵ػ̣ӣѵܹϲ
֪ϲĲǻ㡣һĹһҶ֮¡һʱĵദӢĵ𽥴ҲԽԽֱףǰڣʣΪκһܸлĻᣬûκ˴ŵԴֻʱ


116
ֱ׵ı¶ǵһΡЩ˼ֱӣĴƯƲܹӱ˵Цˣ﹫ӣص֮Źȥס˵ҡ졣
һǲ룿ǡˣôҲûصԭ˵𣿡ӢԳתƻ⣬ѽֻǲ֪үӵܻ᲻ڱݵҰḬ̄尲ǰžͰѻˣһ½·ȥ
ЦĺˣлȥˣСؽϣȻòܹǳ֮ࡣ˵ǲܹˮһֱգҪˡ
𡢱˵벻һŮˮҲôãҶҪաң԰ɣֻС˸ˣ
΢΢Ծܹӣ㡭
ҲҺ֪Щʱϸϸãžͷʢ̩ʢѲ˸ϵˣ̩ʢ֧Եֵһٺ»ء
𻰣ֻǵͷ˼ӢǴˣҲ޿ֻǲ֪֪٣̽һ̧̽ͷ˵ֻǡֻһŮ澭̶в㣬ԲΡ
ǰ֪Ҷ׼ˣ֪ϸ֪ߣһ׾ӵŮסڱƾĺõط֮ͣǰ尲͵˱ݣ˱ݣݾ̩ʢҲѿˡ
ܹӵǴˡô˵һһһסһһ׾ӡǲ֪Ҷ׼ŵϢģˣ֪һЩϸ֦ĩҲҪ
ȣǾͱ⻥വˣҾˣٺҲûˣȥ￴µûԵһЩСҰޣԵܿˣӢУת߿
֪ʣ࣬ӢһֱǿԼչ˼ʹôʯĳҲжӯ
ʱ֣ӢȻ˳شһֻҰƪSʰ׵ͼѿ棬ڻӳɢһŮеů⣬еһĨãӢЩˣҰƪS
ܹӣǲǸ÷һˣ
һѲӢŻιæ˷ĹӣԡԣҡǺǡ
ȵĻֱշ죬ʶӢԼߺ˼֣Ⱥģ˱߿ͷ硣
⽭ƺոЩЩƵĺȥѴˣѴˮûôͻȻı仯
ܹӣǲǲԾ
ӢæǻƪS˹ϸһ󾪵ܣɽ飡˵žһȾéȥéݽĵƸߵ㣬ˮǵ˵ġ
¡¡ȻǰŲߣűһƬ޴ĺЮŴɽĺȻղŵĻ˲ͱû
ɽĺŵˣ֪λǷȫӶڲӢվȣӵʱҲû룬ֻܽץסӢ½ץסһȵİȫС
ɽéһƵĺһҹδߡ
磬ӢƿţʱһֻéһƬǷɽˮޣéݳ˹ںΨһ½أӢ󲻵òǻۣ֪˵ľ۲տ϶԰ȫƸߵ㣬ĵڴ˰Ӫկ
Ҳ˳ǵĺǣֻܿһʳŵѴˡ
ϲӢЦʲôѴڣɽѴڻãɽڣ˲񷿣ϺǵĺˮвٱŰɣܿˣ
Ӣ˵һʱĹ⾰ܱ𽥳һҵ洬洬ϵеһ೤Ӳˮľ塢еˮˮƯĺö߹޸ӡޱٱȵȣַǷ
ʱȸԾŲӢ˵ܹӣȻʶ㣡ǿԻرˣ˵žͳ洬ҡˣȾǣ
ӢŻȸԾȴʮָӣǰҪرˡ
ҶҶ׼Τ֪Ļһ͸ϸݣѾפڱߺЩˡѧϵѾѰһ£Ҷ´ϴκһϢǶԸ뿪ⱱԾסڻϣʱϢƻ
žС㻹ţΪСүĴܴˮԲϵĲܼԦںӺӦѲ¼̩ʢƾԱϤ齨Ѿȶӣһ̩ʢҶĹϵҲزסˣһרעѾһ˼Ÿ̩˺̩ʢҸŷġˡܹ鲻ǣѦкҶ׼Ͼͷʢһ紵ݶܱסѱθֲ
͢¥㣬ÿ㶼ͷס¥Ҷסһ¥͢ѸΪʵĶ¥øҶ壬Ҷ̴ǲܣ˵סһ¥ѾȶӹͨŲ˵ʲôȥ
͢ڲںȲ裬Ѿߕ߸ԭǴ˵尲ѦҶС㣬ū澿ҲûʲôܺСȡ
Щ˵Խϲˣһȥף㷢䵽̵ׯׯӣ㻹˽ȥ
С᲻ðѕȥأȻԺ˭С߶ѦѦǵģǰɣ
ʱߺվҪÕֳһš
¥ϻ׷ĽŲϣЩһ߸Ҷˮһǽͷöʱ˵־ˣЦŭչ˱˵ĸܡ
Ҷϸֲ֧ͼĶѧıעЩѹЩûѹҶһŲ飬ٱעһЩҪɧͷҲ̧˵УǼľڱ˵ĵطҪ˼ָָģ˵±أ˼ɳ˲ЭѾһʢˡ
ֻ˵ˣǕҲ֪ǲг𣬶һӣ尲֮ʱ˵үҹܵ飬Ҳ֪ǲǶүò׵ңôҲǶүҵĶԹܲ㵽ͷ
Խ˵ԽŵҶ岻òеʲתɫ׼ٱŶүϸүĶΪôԲѦkǰĻѦѾĵˣֺȻôһλǧ𣬸֪ҪճѦkǷµЩծ֪Լղʰˡ


117
Ŷס죬С¯ˮ衣
ˡˣȻѧϼٵĺҶԶͣеĻѧϲ֪ʲôϢ
ֻѧϼҴҵش˽ɲסŲ顱һײҶǰСյײˮ磬ҶæƤͼֱˮȾתͷšüѧϵ˻ţ
ѧȭͷʹ˼Լ˳˳˵ˣͼˡòˡҶˡҶˡ
Ҷͷһ˲ʱðͼòˣʲô˼ѵˡ
ԿҶɫ䣬Ͻһȥסѧϵ˫ۣʵҶôˣͼôòˣѻ˵갡
ѧҪ˵ִ¼õˣҶ˻
ˣ
ҶһʱɱתϲǱŪջϲһԲ֪ñϲһߺҵţŵȴ˷һ˳ȥ
վСˣɲô
Ҷʱϲߵһص
¼æˣǴϲ°ôͿأҶ˴ôţ֪ҪôأۻҶأ¸ͳˡ
¼ҶϽᣬڴͷСۿ
壡һϴҶӵһطֻ꣬ĴΣܹҲŻˡžҲǱϲС̲סĴᡣ
ӢҲ˴¼ͱ˼͸Ǵң֮˻شգλȻشհɣ̫ۡ
ҶɿЯֻ˴ա
͢ŶҲ¥ӢʶһºӢŽĵ桢λһ顣
ҶȻ򣬡ѹʧôãɰǼˣ
Ӣ˿ڲʵôүĪȶһ尲ȥ˰ɣһ常ǾȻ
͢ЦֳθҶ²֣ÿ춼ѾȶӳæڲŻأѾȥ֪ͨˣһͻء
ӴӴүĴҲԺɵúúñĴ
ӢһȤ˶Цˣնʱһžط£Ҷ嵣֪˵©Ҷ׼Τ֪£һط
ȻϷżҶ׼ϢҶֻ˵֮±֪Ҷ׼ھЭѲݣġҶ׼ŷžԡȥˡ
Ҷ忴뿪Ӱһղǹɽٺط˷ܾһɨգҶ׼Τ֪Ļ½֪ãһ֪ض־˵Ѱ̼Ϊ֮ƣֻҶ׼ʱ䣬ȶһҸ
ҶȰ˵Ȼ尲Ҷ׼ó˵ٻȥȰ˵ȥ尲ֻǵһҪȰ˵̩˳ݡ
һ̩˿Զ˶ѦкҶ׼̩˹ϵĲ룬ѦкҶ׼̩˱ѦҶһģѦҵѦкҶ嶼棬ΪҶ׼ʵϵķޣ͸˳ĵˡ
̩˵ס߻ܽҶΤ֮һʱ䡣
Ӣ֪ܿҶ׼Ϣ֮ҲϽ֪ĵʱ䣬˼Ҷ׼Ϥ벻ת˸֦Ϊһˣֵá
վסֹ˲Ӣ󣬡ӣò׻Ż˵ϽؼҰοΪ跹˼̫̫ĸףϸȥ˼ҵ£ǰ㣡
ĸĸԻд²Ǳ˼ҵ£ҵ£
ģѵȢؼң
ҵ룡Ҳÿ˼ԸԸ⣡
ʱĴӵۣӣҲ˵Ǽټ޵ĸˣǴֹеС㣬ҲǸ֮Ůôܽǲܼţ
ҵ֮ŮкβףټȻǿϧҲ޷˭ҲһȥʶأҪһͰȢؼңҲѦȺҶ׼ݱУҪǱͱ˼ҵĳǸҶ׵Ĵ޼ңҲʲô˼ңͼı̫һְã˳֥ùӵ£񱻱ȥƷ˵߲ߣ
޼ôҲʿŷǴ޹ӳ£δشӦǼҽף֮һϯϸŵ㣬ʲô˵ʲô˵е
Ҷ׼󣬲ӢȷʵҲҾôóóȻֶٰţֻգȻԡ£׼ϯ͢ΪҰŵԲ硣͢ȻǸӵܣҲȷʵǸ֮Ӣػˣһѱһģ˺ü̳Ӿƣʵǿס˲ű͢˷
Ҷֱʱǽٺط꣬˶һӻҪԷ˵ǱһߣҶû˵˺Щ̩˵飬ְѦkǰ˵Ĺ¶²ŰǰǺӵĳǳ״
㣬һڣ̩˺̩ʢѦҺҶҵĹϵǲزסˣкС׼嶼ڳ͢һסʲôʷ̨һ˽⡢б˽ңǾԡ
ʲô
̩ĿˣΣ
ʱ󾪣ȵôУôһСŮӪù
ǸŮӣʲôãΨһȱ㣬šȻСɥĸںլıĳɳԼѦݱľйأҶҲ⣬ȻȰ˵СŮΣ̩˻ҽģС׼İæ
ɲӦôһģҶұңټ̩˽֮ǰ˵ĵӣ纣ѧϵˡ֮ҾǲУ
ѵʱ򶼰ˣһж˹尲ѦkǸӦǺǰڹʲô
æҶֹס⻰˵ˣôȥҲû֮ǲеģ˰ɡҶԣҪıǻسˣȻ׼ƷԴһ㲻֪ľѾϵ̫ˣʩ֮ʱҪҩЧĲãϧҵҽֲ䲻ѵķ֮һҪϽҾԴУ
С׼һֱþԴҩͷİɡ˵ڣҶ֪Լ˵©죬æֹסŶҵ˼ǣȻڱѺڴϵ龴һǴѾԴȥѹˣҩҲѾϣ㵫ɷġ


118
Ҷôһ˵˫ʱѵһɣϲʵ棿
Ȼǵ棬ôС׼ЦھһЩ֢С׼һʱ벻˴µģҲȱȥġҿɣҵ尲Сסһʱ䣬Ҳ÷ɷ飬ӣɺã
Ҷ˵˵˵ȵ尲˵һлŻ˯˹ȥ
һ磬ѧϱӹƶһְ﷫𺽣ֱֶ尲ѦkԵͷӭӣϳĳֽһС㰲ҶˣѧȵⶵһȦԷ˸ٶңҹĻٲȻλ尲ǽլӡ
ãٻصʮָпլֶǰĸӣЩͬࡣһۼǺӱʮϲڻþ᲻֣ǵ˸ó̵ʱؽ
Ҷ֪£ѦǸݱ㲻ˣһֱԲܸҶ׼Ůһ¹ڻǰĺӣп
ǺѦk׽ÿѦkһЦͣҶ֪ǸŮ飬ʹȻֻѦkһڹȻֻ֪常ȵѦлֺӻģһֱԵء
ӢԸ׻ؾҲԸסңҪ鵽֮շֿѦkǽȥˣǽĹٵæµ쳣ӢܿͰǸˣֻ֮ȻصУһסȰ
ֻ尲סµйҰһֱƲ֣ÿ˶ŪǰСʱЩ⣬ʱһءѻӡҲǰ취ҶŴ尲ҹй䣬ɢɢġ
尲ҹеʢųƴҵ֮ѵ˴ʱ尲ľѾȫһҶһε尲ǺװΣѦУһε尲ΪѰӴˣҶ׼ʱǨ尲˶ԣϤİЩֵȴǲһľ
ǲ֣ûҶ׼ߣ˵ȱȱôҲ߲·Ҳϸ֪ʱѾҶʧɢˣɽɽĦҹãȻĹˣһɳ۶ûֻһСģһ˲䵽һʵĻعʱȴյˣ
磿
Ҷˣ
æĻЩ⣬Ļ񵭵Ĵݣ磬þò
þò㲻ѾҶ뿪尲ôֻˣҶôûķǸӵĲӣٻص尲пǷʣıƵġ
ģްֻǡֻЩȥ˳ˣһʱ̻زѡ
Ŷԭˡ˵Ǳϲһʧǿ϶ģҿ˶һˣ·ˣͷ˻ؼҰɡ
ͷ磬Ҳǲžȥ㶫Լġ
˵ţһȻʻ˹һŮӲʵ磬ôϡ⡭ⲻ𣿣
ԭ䳾ֻļ﹫ӵ䳾˽լ͹ȥġ
꣬䳾㣬þò
Ե벻ĴҲ֪ǲǹ⸣
⣬ɻʵ䳾Ǻ⣿
ֺҲ˵ĵض۽˵
⡭ͬʱƵõ䳾ϾԷչطֻ꣬˵仰⵹ԵԼܲ飬ɫ磬ȥ˵仰Ҳ޷ͷ䳾
֨ơرˣһ䳾Ц˵ȥһĿˣ˿ˣÿεҶֻӲЩ¡
ЦˣǲͺˣȲͼݽ㣬׬Щʹѡ
ײãҲ͸˵˵Щﻰʵ˵λӵǸѵõĺˣԵһۼϲֻҵ̻ŮӣҲ֪ԼĵλЩ﹫ӾǰЩʱʱúõģŹ£ǻ˸һѻֻ֪ƽֱԼſϰݡ
Ŷʲôõˣ
˭֪أⲻֽҹȥȾȥˣ䳾һᣬȻʲôʱ˵ãҪһΣ
⣬ңܰʲô
⹫Ǹóգһ֮˵ܴĽأϣ㣬ּˣ
󾪣ôأҡѾò̤̻֮ءҷϲͷ¶桭㣬æˡﲻˡ
òæƴǣȥǲԷǹǰľ¥ժǸһż䣬尲һЩѾһۣҵȾ˶ѣͷ¶ġǰǹ˵㣬ģֻ٣ߣ֮ͣҲټ䲻ܼ棬Ҳܵõһο壬˵ɺã
벻Ҳ䳾˵飬ˣλȷʵλˣ֮ǰмλȨΪ֣ҽΧһӣҲﲻæֻùⲻȥܰһ㣬ҲǺһ׮
⡭ѣͲھܾ֮ˣ䳾ʢ飬͸ȴˣǱȨǱ䳾Ķ飬Ӧֻһߡ
䳾ϲҲΪദЩʱ»ϲʱ㵽ժǸ䳾żſڣֱӽӲƵӺ棬ȳȥӦһˡ
ϸ䶯ǹ䳾˵ߣ䳾밲кûõӦֻܱ߼﹫Ӧ˼䡣䳾ܿ׼
һתк˶䳾ļ־ˣȻַ׷Ȱ⻰Ƶ˳֮ϣ˵֮¾Ȼٲ˵ֿȵ̸ʣ;ƽ׼ĸ
һ˶Իɺ̫ʮֱԻѦ˺̫Ҷ˲ţҲֻ֣ܰѴҵĹӯжȡ
Щϯ̸ʣ˾˵̫Ҷˣ⵱ϣ˳ҶϣҲûҶ̫µΣѲɴ׼ôֳһλţԶ볤վãԾ֮¾֪ˡ
Ҫ˵ѦҶˣʱڿѷָ£ʱһã֣
һƬЦЦʵγԡ


119
˼˵Ѧ˵ǰ䣬үҲûôʹˣҶ˾Ͳͬˣ»˿ǵΤ˵ǧΤ˿˲ã˵ʥصȨԼ׶֮Ƚأ
λȨΤģֻΤӦʱˡΤ֪ѾޣǼ޸˴׼ˣԽԽ֣Ȼ֪°ܣıȻҪģּʱ䵽Τ˵Щôû˸˵أ
˼ңָ㲻֮ǰǰˣһϯλ˼мңһ֪ڷ䳾岻ʣ
Ӣ
жʱңǾܱ֪ٵԼæ䳾šüʹɫʾػ
ŶŶǡعӣ䳾䳾ֻһʱ񣬶ԣһʱָ㲻ʹˣλĪ֡Ī֡
ӢŲϤ䳾ַȴӢԽԽɻ󣬵תһ룬Լˣ˭ٶ
ϯ֮Ѧ˺Ҷ˵ҲԽԽߣȻ֮䴫ѵһˤ˴ɱ
ס죡Ҷ׼Ǹ֮Ҳֵ蹦̵£
Ҷ׼
žҶѣԾĶһһĿӣѪֱ
䳾ʱʧʹ
ӢһȴһѪ죡
ô㡭Ӣ𾪣ţ˿ںܿ㽫ѣæסż˵£ϴȥûµģ˵ž
ƿںԼϵˣʵ˵ҶˣҶ׼ķˡΤ֪ꣿ˵ÿһֶܼѣȴÿһֶҧ׼ˣΨֶԷû塣
Ӣҧֻ˵ȴȥˡ˵žǿн𣬴뿪ժǸ
ӢԼסԸСȥ͢㣬尲˴С˴δĶŵĲӢżæţ֪̬أȾۡȥ
Ӣһ·Ǻˮͳ޷΢ңڿͷż˵£һõĴûµģŮӵòҪʹ˻ݣȻԭԼ
ʧ˻һ㣬˫Ŀնֻ֪ϸֻ֮ŵҶ׼֡
ܿ͢ŴˣӢóһλãõҩһҪκ
͢һȻֻѪ죬˫Ŀնһ޿ģֿӢ¹ҡ޷ӣΪҪǿɣεޣһȭͷ˹ȥ
Ӣ˵ڱ㻹һؽչĸܣҶ׼֮£һΪǸ˾ӣôչģȱŮ˻ȱۣһձɷĿŮǿ
Ӣ߳ѪҲϾȥֻؿ
͢ڷⲽӢ򲻻ڣҲ֪ʲôӢô˵ãƽʱʲô¶һӣֻҪǸйص£ֱȫ̽䣡
һĬֱϺҩֿ˷ӽӢ󣬲ӢæʵΣ𣿡
Ӧްָۣܷ治˵Ȱҩҩպָٵӡ
Ӣлֲ˸ȥҩߵ£ŲԲ˴
̾͢˿ôأǺǴҲҾ仰
Ӣ̧ͷȥһˣҵѦk˵⣬Ƕɡ
ǶҪǱ֪ǿ
Ӣڡվ͢ûжǿ֮һѾһһ
͢Ҳ֪̬أæȥѦkʱѦkҶϤϵˣҶ忴ӣֻּʣһҲ˵
ѦkΣһѾסӢ½ŭӢʲô
Ӣ˫ͨ죬ҲȥֻǰժǸ֮Ϥ˵˳Ҳ֪Բ𡭡Բת˵ģ֪䡰Բ𡱣𲻵κá
ҶҵӰ㻬䣬ʵ㣬ȻؼҺòãȥ˵ǲģС׼壬Ŀԡ
žҲ񣬹߳ѡСŴӹŹػôܵסĴСиôԼҲˣ
ڴϣľżһ㣬ۿնضűĬ˺þãˮһεε˱ϡ
Ҷ׼ڳѰҶ뾩֮ʱ˵ˣΪػϢó£Բ򲻵Ѳֻͨؾг̣ŵҶڿ˵ʱҶ׼˵һնú˯һ̽ѻص˳ǽһҲԸǽϣȷˣ
˳⣬ʮﳤͤҶ׼ģһصĶž飬Լе֮顭
Ҷ׼˷һĲӢȥǲҶ׼αʣ֣ӢһԣҶǿȥŽѧϰҶ׼
Ҷ׼ͨ˫ۣһͷŭʨѧѧ֮˶ƲסӢӵ˲ǵѪָҶ׼˵𣿡ǯ}˵ĮһڱݵģҲ㣬ȢģҵĴ˭ָңΨ㣬ûʸ񡣡
Ҷ׼ƿѧϣڵϺشŴأŭһ
ľ˻δȬȥ˵ãҶæȥס޵С׼壬ӣǰںˣиһھȪ֮¶ᰲϢġ
Ҷ׼ͷϷֲǺˮˮһסҶ壬ʵ壬ңǲˣ֪Ȣ֪Ϣңüҡң
Ҷ岻ٿ˫Բ𡭡ҵܹӵʱֻһˣ˵˵Ƕڱ֧ɽ飬ˮ̫ļʵû㣬ԡС׼壬ǧҪ壬ô˺Լ㡭Ҳٻˡ
ҶҲô˵Ѿȥ𡭡Ҷ׼վ˼۶ȥ
Ҷ嵣Ѱ̼æѧȥ׷


120
Ҷ׼ʧ죬ʵҲˣʢŭ֮²ٴּоȥѰΤӦʱ˵һĺûԶ
ΤӦʱӦԶۣԼҲһ³Ҳֱ̫丮Τֱ֪ӿżɽҶ׼ûûҪǷ϶ã֪꣬ǵ˵㣬ôýȢӣҲǰٰų˶£ֵ׼޲֪ˣǵӾôģ
Τ֪ͷֻظΤӦʱ裬˲ЩŻص׼Ͼ΢ʱޣôҲ룬Ϊ鼸ҲӦõģЩﲻ⣬ҲôҶ˵λôģκ˶ڴ׼廳һ·ޣֲҪŮ룬οදô
Τ֪ôһ˵ΤӦʱŻҲǣҪҶ׼ΪҵҶ׼Τ֪ҲмӣԼĿĻǴﵽˡҲľˣҲϣģΤ֪˵ֻǵ廳һ£ȥɡֻһҪסҶ׼ɲķǱµĳӣΪŮϵĵصĺܣҪ᱾ĩСʧ󣡡
׵ĻŮסˣȴ׼ŮúȰοᵢº͸׵Ĵµġ
Τ֪ĳŵΤӦʱڷģԸ뿪ؼҡ
Τ֪꿴Ÿ׵ıӰӽûǲ壬Ů飬گؾʱ𣬱㽥ζ˰ɡ
Ҷ׼ûжҲûѰ̼ǰԼƷӹȵéŲҶѧϺԣһ̲ͣؿһѰ˶̼
źȻ򿪣
Ҷ忴źҶ׼΢΢ԾС׼壬㡭
ӢںδҪ
ȻС׼Ҫؼһ·ȥɡ
Ҷ׼ҲȰͷҲصٴμ۶ȥѧԾ˹ȥ
ͨæ˳Ҷ׼ڣֻʵ֪ҶζȮӵ²ڸڣϷɴΪת֪
үҶĳ˷үҪġ
⡭ϷҶ֪Ϸν£
үҲȥ˱ݵģүʱ򣬵ֻһô
⡢⡭֮˽֪ϷȮӵʱȻֻһˣҶ˺α֪ʡ
ȻǴҾûҪˣӦһ𷵻س˲ǣΪκүҪʦȳһҴүһأ
⡭ȮĹȣ̾ʹ뿪ĵأԵЩʱգϷ£ȻһҶʹʧ鱯ʹϷʮ⣬߻ౣزǡҶ˴Ҷ˲Ҫ˽Ϲ
үҶĳһ䣬ү治ڸУ
ȻѵСϷҪƭ㲻ɣҶ˲ţܵȥѣϷز
ǵˣҶĳźүдţȸˡҶ׼˵꣬ͷҲص뿪Ƿȥ
ѧϻΪܣһ·棬Ҷ׼ԹԻ̫丮ѧϼֱԼ۾ֱۿΤ֪ӭӣòһͷ뿪
һ磬Ҷ׼׼ʱڳ֮ϣԶ۵ЩˣȻȴ˼·ԴӦǻָԶɣ˵Ҷ׼ֿһˣһҲı˼գôҲʹʧģǱ뵽ҪôǷĴҪôҶ׼ѾΤ֪꣬һ͵ԵǲˣֶҶ׼˼Ӱ֮ǰǵŭҲɢȥˡ
תһֵ࣬˸ӵʱҶ׼辻ԴɽΪƷԪҾԴҶ֪˳ȥƷӹ廳Ҳţȥйһ
Դ˺ܾããüͷչչ壬Ҷ׼ΪԼĲ֢񻯣Դ˵ǣǺǻ˵Ҳûʲôܲ˵ˡ
ҶʩˣֻƶԤҪã㵱ʱƵ״Ӧõ˿ǡƶղŰ˼⣬ԲŶһˡ
Ҷ׼һЦĪǵҲдʱ򣬻ߡԼҽţ
Դ֪˵Ц΢ЦƶͽҶʩģʩ˲ٹʹûƶҲֻܰϧţҪƶⷽӰˡ
ɼǰѱκ˲ˣ
ٷǡֻǺǴæֿ֮ҩȻжϣڱѹƵĲһûǣƣ˱Լз˲ǳǶ񻯵ģʵֻ඾磬ްֵġҩͣʩȬˡ
Ҷ׼־һΡ
ٷ𡣡
ʵҿȬˣ
ԴЦ˵ͷ
Ҷ׼һЦˣҿҪȥˡƽ׼֮ѾβԶ۹Ҳֳ㶯ˣȻƽ˶յĳڱһ˵󲻴˵СҲС顣
̫尲˾ƽ׼˾б˽ңᵱ̹˰˵˵ͷͷǵ̵ǺγɫʵءĿէ֮˾ȷ¡
ֻ̫̫µ٣ͷϻ̫̫ܳ٣ô˵Ҳֱֲʵ౨Խϱ̳ɣҪô̬Ҫôڲܹͣ鲻ʲô飬ôҲ㲻̬
ѦкҶ׼ʵʩһЩеȷʵҲвǻ׹ݡԱ˽Ҳҵνġ̡Ʒ˵ȻЩԶ۶׼ġε¼ƾĳЩ˾ƽ׼˾ףϹҧһڣѦҶˡ
ֻһС£һץ˾ˣԶȴɽ𻢣ʾٹ٣ʾĸﵽ׵ľģصڳ׳£ҪȺټһΪ͢ʹ׸尲¡
ȳУΪȻ̫¶ģҲ˵ףӦѾ鵽һЩĻˣ˰ȥ죬ٺʲ
½½вٴ󳼸ͣԶ۲δӦʣΤӦʱ
ѦкҶ׼Ƕ룬˵鸽ЧңҲ˵ͥΤӦʱһˣһûᣬǾȻҲ飬ó尲졣
ȻΤӦʱⳣҲûʲôˣԶ۱ּⳣΪ͢ʹרŲ£尲һдСԱš


121
˳֮ʱҶ׼ȴȻƴ³̫£Ϊ̫³ԴҲԸ泣һͬǰ尲ֻ˽ⰸʹ鰸
ԶЦѵҶе³̫£Ҷܳپ֪飬ò˵ʧְˡˣȷʵȥ尲˽һȥ֮ҲʰŲ©һ̫µĸԣ׼ˣ˳
Ҷ׼ȻʵԼĳŵ泣참ͬԼҲˣʹ̳պųҴвκӣһ·
Ҷ벻ͨʲôãҲβ浽尲һ̽ѦпɲҶȥˮһڻؾҪ󣬻ѧϿ뿪˰벽ΪҶһ춼
尲óͿʼˣƺǰһ㣬˳ϡŲһӶװֱӵ̩̩£˳ƾԩûü㱻˼˴̫Ҷ׼׵ųⲻҪѶ֮ࡣ
ҳƺԤһ㣬̩˵ϵֻ̩ͨƬﶼɲ尲ǡһԤıķ籩Ȼ̩˵ͷ
̬ưѸٶ񻯣һյһװμӵͣ尲ĴšͣȺӳϷһλŶ񡢴磬ԼʵʵŮӡŷҪˣȴŮó尲ƣæ£Ůý˹š
ˡˡˡ尲һͷһӯһŮӵ𣬡ˣ̩
ûԤŵŮɻ󣬾ҪãȴȻ֨ѽһˡ
ˣþò
ŮӴ󺧣ͷҲ̧ת뿪
Ҷ׼뿪ֱסֱۣһ˷ȻѸתϷţŮӲƽҧˣǹ䣬ҪҪһ£
ڸסգı飬˫ȭؽɷףҲסزʱֻܲˡ
ǽˣ޿ˡҶ׼Ȼ˲ӣȻǰѹǽϣһϤܰǻҶ׼˫ϸϸƷζϢ̫ϤˣÿҲ֪Լûеȴˣ
Ҷ׼˫֣ȻϵͷֱֱĴ
һĶһǳɣûзأ
Ҷ׼˳סԼҲԽԽǿңƺҪ˶ɵ
ŮҪȴѹǽ϶ãҪȣֱס˫κ
Ҷ׼ȴԽԽݣȻ߸߾Ȼתѹ˴ϣ
䣬¶Ůգֻƺһۣ
Ҷ׼ҲȥˣֻǼе˺·Ȼ뿪ĴӨ׵ľѺؿڣйԼѹѾõ˼
ڻָ˳ĺˣڴڵغָһЩҶ׼ļ򣬷ŭغȵҶ׼ſң
Ҷ׼ŭȺĽɿֱΪҪſԼˣ˭֪°ǱѹסԭֱΪ˷Լ½
ߣֵԼյ˺۱ȥӾҵصֿ
ѾƵҶ׼ȻóһСƿӣˣʲô㲻Ҫ𣿣ȻˣҲһģ˵ͷͰƿҩ赹˿С
ס½ش󺰣׼³ˣ³
Ҫ𣿣
㡭³ĴҶ׼ļ򣬷ޡ
Ҷ׼ڻˣûȥ
öϤСҩ裬Īһץ˹Ȼӵ
žһĶݺݵشҶ׼һƣЪ˹غ֪֪ĻģǱĶҩ
Ķҩǣ֪֪ΪƷӹȵéҲͰȥˣ
ۣض
ҺҷµǼȻڿҶ׼һ߱ʬ壡
ʱͷ˰أһסĿڣ˵˵ˡ˵ˡ
Ҷ׼סһ۵֣ͷգôܱ
ӣȥˮ˵Ҫٿҵľġ
ǡҩǴµ׺̶ѾжžȥٵģôУҩһ尲Է̽ӴϢʱרŸԼƵģ̷̱ԷƷӣҲȷԼٷְٲᱻַһֿΨһԱס
žٴҩʱǡñұ˵ʵ飬ֲ׼㡣Ӵ֮ҩұЯʱԼλŮΪҸԸȥҴиΥģҩҵվ֣
ǸγϣʣһǿҲ̼Ȼֻһͷʧʹޡ
֮ҹ尲ǽԷ
Ҷ׼УϺ乵ģδ˳Ҷ׼ݵƺҪԼܲס
΢⣬Ҷ׼ע⵽յ˺ۣĦţšüꡣ
ֲڵָ۵ӣһ¶ʵض˶ֵ⻮꣬㿪Ŀ⡣
Ӣ˲Ǻбµ𣿼ƭֶ߻꣬ôõ˴Ҳ
ԼСģ
õ˿ҶϵȵĲ˿ģ͵úܣϣ۰ɣһ뵽ܵʹҶ׼絶޲ô
û£ȥ˵ѶƹˣСʲô
뵽ݵ£Ҷ׼ʹˣܵһһ׮׮ҶѦֻ
ʲôֲֵģҲںȥ̩ıˣƺ־ڱصãҪô죿
Ҷ׼аһЦ£Ϊȥ͹Թڼҿְɡ˵Žѹ£ġ¡
εĳ͢ʹƺǳ̩ģƾģһڷֺƹ񡢹£ץ˸顣񳣰ոս֮ʣһӺȻӴײײس˽һǰ㡰ͨһ£ſǻ˵ˣ
һڣеĲյطޣүүҺõúܣʲô˲õĴ£Ҳֵƨػ
Ӳ˲ϵĭӣɻǰ㾪ʧ룬̩˵ĺ̨ˣǡǰʷ
ʱ̩˵ĺ̨ôʥƫ̻λֵܣ˽֪֪ģ֪;ıĴﱻǿѹ£һʹǵʥԲٰģҲǿǰˡԼ֪ôȻĵֱ̣


122
һѾסӵ½ʵɲˣ
ǧǧȷǰԳ̩˵Ĺ£СԼģɲ֪ȴûСҵȼˣΪʹթģǲ롣ڲ֪ŮŮϣղ֪ı˴ȥˣ֮ǰһֱ尲ǽΪ֪ʵ̩˵ʵˣ
֪ģĳʷų忤Ĵܼң忤ɲ죬̣ݳ˺üУԳǰľɼҳЧǰǡ
ͷ亹쬵ģһ߿ӺŻŵظϵ尲Σƾġ
벻尲ѦkȻѽȵƾģƾѾѺ尲ãù
ֻͣظϵãֻѹѹؼ˰գò׼˽ȥּ尲һͷʿ̼Ѿ˹ѦkþҲ̫Ҷ׼λÿš
Ѧkһæϯߵǰ뵽Լࡣͷĺ飬ΨΨŵŵͷû˳͢ʹ硣
Ѧk˾ľ¡
Ѧk̶ת򳣰˵ˣ˰ǣ尲䡢ƽ׼˾ǸѦĳ̲ܽϣ˴˵б˽ҵĳ£ȻӦʣ尲һвף볣Գ͢ʹöΣ
оݣͬҲ޻˵ֻܵͷӦʡ
ºˡ£
ƾĴݵؿͷɫصˣС̩̺ƾģ״尲˾ʹŻƽ׼˾ʹ˹£̩ղɣǿ̩˸߼չ䡢ƽ׼˾ʵﹱ˰лб˽ң¶ַҧ̩һڣ̩¶ʮ˱޹вԩϸλҵһף
һڻȻ
Ѧkֹ˵ۣƾк֤ݡ
ƾ˵֤ݣﲢ˱ȣ̩˳ֿ⡣
ѦkϷǩȥãʱ̧˼ڴӲһ˱ӷºϤ򿪣˱͵Ѧkǰ
ƾļ⼸װĶ˾ʵﹱ˰ʵءɫ˾дŵһģһţȥȶԡ˲ϼ¼ģǻԴ۸ԼǼ۸񵫿ɹϵĸλϡ¡ƹ񿴿۲ǣκһеЩǣļǮŻλ˲˲Լӡ£Լϵǵ˽£֪Ƿѣȥˣ̩һ
Ѧkȥ˾ֿñȶԣְ˲ᷢ˴ģʵǰҶͷǡ
Ȼһˣ尲ܲ޵˲ųǱ㱻˴˸ţѾѹǰڿͷ絷⣬ֱ˵Ǽүָʹģ˲ᶼүĿ׼ǩ£ֻǩ£һŲ֪
֤֤ڣȻңѦkҪǩȥ׽ŻһѾŻͻ񼲣мУ
úõôͱˣԵɱһȺӿ
˱еϢһó˲Һƾı֮ʱԤ˶ˣȻΪⲻԼһʹﲻҲڣ
ŻһˣⰸҲֻ׷ݵͷΪֹѦkñ˰Ҷ׼顣Ȼȥ֮ƣȺӿԼ⸮ôŶ߲ȥֻ֮ǩͬ⣬᰸̩ͷš
Ҷ׼ʼնȻƷ裬һԲȻ˵ֻ˽ⰸģܸúʹУһʡ
һᣬֻȻسԶ౨
Ҷ׼ɲôȥòʧã뿪ȥ֮ԻѦм°볡͵øУȻҪ尲ǽıԷ졣
ŻĿ֮±У尲һҥ˵ĳĳ͢Ȩ߹רŰȨǮģ˵ǺΪԸ̩ˣ̻ղֿ֮һƵģֱӽӶ׼ΤӦʱ˵ΪѦкҶ׼ֲ߻Ŀơ֮һ㡣
ǣ浽͢棬˲òףԶּŴ׸尲򣬸һ
׾ӵֶӵùµķۣûԭα¶˴´֪ԼİʱһСǣԼһɻܱסһСڴд飬ֻ˵Լͼܣصһ׮߰Ҷ׼ٽı̫´λ
ѭֲ鴦˻̫¼µˣһְ졣ϵİѦкҶ׼ʵǶԳ͢ĸﲻԶسͳдն̣ʾٹ١ⳡ־ڸһ䣬ҲòЩ硣
Űมˮ棬ҶҶ׼Ѧһƺ˵ģԼȻڹ˿֪ǱѦʦ
鷿ĴűҶһƿƷѦһһ㱻̵Ĳˮ̵
æѲյ£Թ˵ˣܲܺú˵
ҶһżɽʵǲǰС׼壿ӢƵƭֿôױҶ׼ȥҲֻѦпͽˡ
ԩԵԩ׼ȥ尲֮ǰŸ֪ʰļƲߣʱҲ֪ѶϤƭֻ֣ô졭
ѹֹȥ尲˵С׼֪ģ
ѦнСһѱϣһڲ˵һûкͲӢһͬڶӢλͻس˵ĵڶͼ͵ػ尲
˵Ҫ˵ȫֻ˵Ҷ崷Ѧеؿڣ
Ӣıȫ£ǲ̫Ͳܷˣ۰úܣүǿǲһ˻ؾģΪûĸ׺ͷ˽ǰӢǸֵĸԣҪڱʮ죬֮˵ѳ飡Ȼү̬ػˣ˵Ӣûκβף¡ΣǲӢˣܲŶλתȥ尲֮ԼҴҵظϻ尲˵尲Ҫȥ
ҶȻ򡭡һԼ£æʣǳôһ˵һһֱ̩ˣ


123
ºҶ׼ǧѰ޵ǰһģҸ˵һ˴׼Ѱ޴ô죿ò˵ͨǰѦkʰʱһϷһй¶˷ǰ֪ϢֶҸɱˣ
ͲҰɱˣ
𣿰ɱˣȥһô޵ĺ÷
Ҷʱߺһƿ˳ȥ
ѦдЦСӣԽԽȤˡ
Ȥǣ̫Ҷ׼һ尲֮УһŮӣպƸȢŮΪˣ
һʱ۷׷ף˵Ҷ׼벻Ź޵֮ڱҪȢˣһʱ겻ѡ
˵һұ㶼ˡŮӣ̩˿ˣǰʷϣҲ˵ĳͣ˵̩˵ļҵ˳ۣŮӣĸ˾ܾˣ˵Ҷ׼̩ϴԩƼСΪǺһμѻԵֱ˳£
ȻҺĲϣƵҶΤϡ»鲻ɷȢĸŮӳܵˣ˵ϡƽδҲȢ̫Щ˺Ҷӭ׵ĵ켷˵·ԣ뿴Ҷ˺Ͷ˵ı֣ʵһ²෹̸ʡ
ӭ׵գ̫丮ֶۡˣʻŽʢ̾ѣ̾ӭȢϵųһ㶼ӭȢӴͻĴΤϣϵļױΤϸΪ̩˸ɵйױҲֻҶ˴˷ӭ֮ǰ֮ͬǰһ࣬ȫ̲ЦȴϲüңͶ㾡η·СǿӦеģ
ú߾вǣȫ̶ϵò˵סׯŵģҲ˵ж롢ªޱȵģһ㣬Կ϶ǣӸͷȷʵһɴ˽ΪΪڳ
ΤϵıƺҲûʲô˵ģΪΤϻ󷢣ϲϰһҵļӣŵĶһΤϾȫ̶ֹ塢ţԴ׷ӶûУһ̸ʵĺߺʧ
һؾҶ׼һػأֵɹ٣ϲ˶кܵģɢϯʱûĸǾ㷹ġ˵Ҷ׼ʶơ;ơƣѣǧ˹ٳ䡰ɡϧ֮ǰȢΤϵϲϲʮòʡ£ΪʵǼʶˣ̳һؼףǴ̸ЦоֹǷš磬ǺųƳ˵һӵĲӢ¶ȥˣɼɡ鴫
Ҷ׼һͳʱѽʱתŵƻӳͥԺӰӰ֮УžЩ⡣첽ߵƺ;ȥ»֮ҹӵȼˡ
һ·ȥһ·ǵĹ֮Ҷ׼ãһ·һ·ͣһֱߵ·ſڡٴ¹ڣҪŽȥ뾹ѦСѧϺԵ˴ܳ˸ţ
ʲô˼
Ҷ֣Ŷ壬ȣȢżүϲίΪˣ˼ԼԴֵһǺ˵ϰס
Ҷ׼šüǺʲôֵϰףôδ˸ҽ
мˣ˵Ѧвɷ˵Ҷ׼·ǰСͥԺУ£ȻתѧϰѶùƣȸˡ
Ҷ׼ЦҵʲôԭǺȾƣУ˵̳Ҳɣ˵ˬؾ룬ʹɣ
ãŮ֤ðڶأǩֻѺ
Ҷ׼ˣ·ηǩʲô֣ʲôѺ
ʱѦóһᣬʯһ̯ǧ֣Ҷ׼ٺҲвַع࣬ټϸղѦ벻֪ǳ˶ҾƣȵּԴЩˣô۾ҲƲǾϵӬͷС
ѧѾպī֭Ǻʵ˹ѦǩֻѺܵأҪӣ͸Ͻǩ
еأʱܼҶ׼޷ֻýӹǺʣھǩ¡Ҷ׼ƮݵĴ֡
ãʹ죡ѦкѧϹƣǱѾȲˣæҶ˼ǩ֣ǾͿɣˣ
ôһѦкѧϱҶ׼˹ȥǰٽǾٵǰٽǵǰ˴գЦ˵Ҷˣ⡶顷һɣҪһ㣬˲ܽȥŶ
⡭ôСĪϷŪҰɣ
Ѧص˼²˵壬㲻ϰողʹǩֻѺͲˣ
Ҷ׼ΣֻǿԼ۾ȥǾϵӬͷС֣ҪյֽȥˣüͷÿҪšˮͰ͡϶ʲôԡӡһ߰ʮѾֵѧ
벻Ρݵ̫Ҷ˾⸱ģѧϺԿܲˣЦԺһźҲ̲סЦ˳±Ҷ׼ٲֵǿš
ѦҲЦЦﺰӿˣҼҾͷܽ𣿣
ѦһѴҳ׶ˣԺӶЦ˳Ҷ׼ײŲʲôϰףȫԼҲЦãȭͷƾҪѦС
ɲΪ˴˵ǡһֵǧ𡯣ӻڵأ˵űѷſ˸϶һ˽ȥ
žҶ׼˽캬Ц˸£һյ·
Ҷ׼ŰڴϵĪЩţΡΡƿ˺ͷȻȥĺɴ
ȴرܿԼǵ̺ۣͦԵġ
Ҷ׼һЦߣչȥΪʲôû˺˾¡
ҪγˮֻܴҶ׼ЦЦٴȥǺɴһɫİ̺ۺȻĿ۵Ħţǰһ£ϸް覲褣⡣
򴽣˵֮ǰⱲһ˹̺ҲҪģ֮ˡԺЩ޸ĲҩӦûģ㡭Ƚһʱ䡭
˵ίҲʲôҶ׼Լ˵ҲںֻҪͺãҶں
һ˵ˣһûסô
Ҷ׼ۣӵ뻳
ǵɹˣһ彭ߣȻڼ򵥣ȴһȢףȢˣڶ̫丮ۡȢΤ֪꣬Լͤװ˯һһƵĶ򣻵Σ̫丮ڸһ˳֣Ȼǽű˵ϡ


124
ҹ¸գķϰϰ·ںա࡭
һ磬Ҷ׼ûˣĴѾϴϴϣҲ׼ϴʲ
Ҷ׼Цˣӳɻڶ˸źġ
֪ãƺڶջǻвʣǷź±˵Ҳʹ˼Ҳ˵źӣ㿴彭С壬ļҵϱһһСĳԴõġ
Ҷ׼Ҳǿӹģ᲻֪ˣ˵һ˵ǧС㣬ЩԺæˣҸС
ʲôˣȥˣֻϣƽƽذ꣬Ķ⡣ˡ¡ǲҪ˾裿
Ҷ׼£Ӧ˼䣬ˣΤӦʱɹ˶ţҲ̫Ǳ˳ЩϹֵܼ⣬ðصľͰ¹ںҶ׼ת˫ۣ˵̫丮ŵûԺ˶žҵҶԣ˭ҲҪšһȥ֪ˣϢ
ͷӹһ˿ɬܿ˹ȥǵͷ΢Ц
Ҷ׼Ц뾹һߣӴ˱һˡʼΪ֪ݲͬ޷гദദҲûʮԵĸı䣬ֻǻڲ¶һ˿κʧ䣬ֻֻ֪ر֣еĹһ٣Լҡ
ԶʮģҵݵսԾɻǽ״̬ԶôҲ벻һССȺǣסҵʮ֮ã˧⣬Ҳ벻ڶˡȻΤ䲻ǰоĴɣ򲻵ѣ˧ǻõġ
ǰ߾þòݱԶ۵Ҳ᲻ճüչģλ鲻ڼݵ˳ǽıйСס죬Ҫı㵽йҪıҷǾˡ
Զһ֪λҪԼĶ·ĿǰȷʵĴѡһҲδΪɣ˵⹬Ҳ̫ĹԼʵȼƶһȺȰɣʵ̫ȤȥйɷȷҲһ׮ǱӦˣʮպСסһ£ּóˡ尲һعϾλ߿ЯҾһйݣȨ磬ͬ֡
ǰڴŰĺӷ˳ˣһű㱻̳ӻף̫УԭԶۼλѾף̫еˡǰӹŹһˣ񿴵ΪӵĲǰӣһʮֶݣһʵ۱ſͷл
Զ뵽ʱֵ֣뵽ʣǰĸŮһѪҲʮָдЩ֮Ҳˣ׼ȥйɢĻǻصѦߣһžۡǰȴһּ⣬ֻ˵Ļ䣬ֻŮΪ̷ף̫꣬һŲ롣
ǰд˾Զ۲⣬Ͼм侭˲𣬶ѦԶ۶ЩŮ˽̬Ҳ˲٣ȻѦް֣ҪɣǵñǰҪ³һֽ飬ӴǰӣѦ޹ϸ
ݵʥּһ£尲صĹ׷ױαѡͬļҾ첢̴ӣйȥҪڻʵ̳֮ǰٺãʵ۶㻹ûǴ󲻾ˡ
ҵһרŹʵۼµĹ͢ģơʡʡʡʡֹϽ˲˾֣볯еġʡࡱӦˡ¡ʱʵ۵˽µĹʵֲ̫⳯ĻҲרΪʵ˽˷ġеľвΪʵ۷Ļ¡̫¡»¡ٸȡʵÿһγеĻһ㶼ܻ𣬱й֮Уξ䵽ʵ۴ʼ԰Լڶʼ˽вҵٸͷϡ
Ӳ֪ĹӲܻ׼ؼ㻨ÿζǴһŻһԲһӸܻ¡Ǯʱȡڻʵ۵͹ӯ࣬һβǰ߻ս£ԶҲִ̫ţֻŻ
ʥּһ²ûѴƷٸ༾Ѫ߳һʱ䣬źʵһ˾ͲֹˣοЩھСȣԴöȶٲϺõģʵ۵ĺ󹬾Ͳ˵ˣǶɽ亣޳СյЩٲöðµģйݡ衢ҾߵȣҲһʻ˵ҲСʮӡ˵ֻʮʱ䣬һҲղЩǮ
ƽʥּ̻̲գ뾡취Ŀãô㻹ġĶȱҪʴ޶Ǯãǲܵˣܵǹ⣬װ׵Ǯ˰ûлʵ׿һӶҪ˼ȥƺֻ̫»ЩӵĿԡ
̫¹žƽ׼Ρͭ˵Ͻɹ⣬ôʵ۱˶̫ҪأЩ԰ӵġġӷ͵ӣǴ̫Ҫôй֮ҲźʵۣβҶ׼ֵã
һƱҶ׼ϸϣҶ׼׼ƵģڼˣƵӲ׼ţŷһ˽ȥͨһѴӭٸ˴ݡʱҶ׼ӭ˳ͬʱƷ󳼣ӭҲǴˣһʱЩܳĸоԼ˵ģʩģ
Ҷ׼һ·뵽Ժ鷿æϺò裬һʱԣҶ׼˺ŽԣظƳһƱƽӹҲֵôҲġɲǱСĿҶ׼̫µ̶ֱ˽ø̹Ⱑʵ˵ƿɲá
Ҷ׼亹ֱðҲ˼ЦĪţⲻǹҵӣҶĳ˽˵ġ
¼ƾ͸ˣҶ׼΢ΪٲãλºôǮ
ˣⶼҶĳ̩ɽү׾ļױˡ˱ᣬǮֻҶĳʱӷŲģٸʲôʱˣɵûѽ
ŶŶԭֻʱãﻹһЩǼĳͶлˣǺǡҶĪģй˳ʹ͵ģٸ°Ҳвٹ̺Ͳɰ죬Լʹһʱ֮仹ղӦҲյȫ
Ҷ׼ڰЦĪ˵˻ҶĳܽȥͲء衢衭ŶˣҶĳм̳ζأżҲǶ֮ˣСüҲȨһˣ
⡭ЩΪѣתһ룬Լ˵ģ˼ҷǵûʢˣʢѿ²ã֧һǴӦˡ


125
תһ̳ƾͼˣǳ׺ȸˣʼ̸Ҷ׼ЦӯӯڲϵоȰƣ˵һ󳵷еĻֱѼ̧ƶˣʮƮȻ
ǺǡˣҶĳ㾡ҲƴǮʵֻύѡ˵ǹر壬ҵССԭҲûύģȴᣬȻҪúץסǡ
ʲô壬ϻˡ˭ǵǼһ壿뵱ǼϣټһʱͷȻǶŷҲȢҳңֻǺ¬һµڹرǼϲûȥ
ԡԣ˭˵أǺǡ˵ҲӢֻˣϧ
˵򣡰Ҽĳǲ̫ģ
Ŷ˻
Ƕ⣬ʵǸСԼڹﱻǰʺ۸Ӷû˵Ϊóͷְ͢ˣֻųαܾ尲˲£Ҳüβڳ٣Ӷղ
Ҷ׼һȻ
˵ʡɫ㣬һֱǱµĳϵĵλҲЩ
Ưʲôãʹֶô֪ǰʺٲȻʮСӣ֪ܻʱأط˺Щɧú㳹ˣҶ׼ԣ׼ؼҡ
ѦŴӺ˳Ȼڲطâ
Ҷ׼ֶʵ㿴мְգ
֣ǰܴϢǾֶ֣Ѧkֶ֣ܺ
˿
ȻλٻʹֶҲٵİˣʮǷ̴棬ˣŮƣ
ߣҲƣҶ׼ͷӣ޸ң
ϷŪһҲֵĵ߶߶ҲҼʶˣٸ࣬ôҲǸ¹˽ģӶղ±µǮתƵ͢ĵʡʡˣʵ۶ֻˣ°ٹΨף
ֻһҲʡ˭üЩ켺֮ùҲ´С⣬ƻû缾ƣ
Ѧ΢ЦףҶ׼ˡ
ף̫ѸߣͲȥйˣΪǰóϳǰػɣԶָڳ˴˸ۡԺʱܼ棬Էֱ֮ʱҲѹ˼䣬صִźűѰġ
ѦиŵȺʱһǰ˱æСܹȥԴӷ
⵹ǰʮ⣬Ž˵ֽ飬Ѧǲڡ
Ҳǣû飬Ǵеľˣ֮ǰ֣ǴеĲǣ¡
ǰϤİĻɸ¸пһΣһˡ֣ѺҰɣѦ˽½ɡ
ִӦһһϻӣֹס˽Ų
ǰѦ鷿ǩ£ִһݣ飬Чˣ˺ǰڻڼǴ֮ѦҲӻݵʧ
ǰóһֽڣŵϣҪĶԼһ֪
лҲ׼л
ⶼүĽ飬ҲΪһ£л
û㣬ү֪ԷԼʱĹѡ֮ݶҺʹ׼ˣkҪʲô𣿡
á¶ˮԵʹɢҲá˵ҲС֮Ե֡
ǰı˺ܶ࡭
ǡǴӹŹ߹һˣʲôû͸أֻϣԺСֶŮʱͺˡ
һ
ǰټһ壬尲ΪҲǹĽˣ뵽⸮̫֮䲻õĻ䣬淴ڡԺеǻᣬһʱǱת뿪ˡ
ѦдֽڣԿ˿Цˡ
Ӱڼ֮ڽҪͣûݰŵȺѵУ׷׿С˱Ϊǰսûи⣬ⳤ˳ż˴롣
Ҷ׼ѦжûоλȻ֮УΤ֪ΤӦʱĹϵǱʡѡ˹ȥ̫丮ֿۡ˺ЩˣҶ׼ڿ泩һ½ˡ
Ҷ׼Ҳ»Ǽ쳣ƺ;ӣҪôԼĴãҪôΤ֪ʵԷѵһΡ±ǺڵóоһŮȥ̻۵ĸҩ
ž߰æҩСǰ˼⣬үúõô˸һ㣬ǰʱ޿̲죬񵹺ãֱӰƺ;ţ춼һӰ
ž飬ʹҵʯҩ϶Ҫûˡ
ž˵ԼºþõԹлˣֱҪһΪźãС㣬㿴ƺ;ӣڵ϶õүˣǶЩ͹ү˵˵ǰū˵˿ʱʱأһͲˮģһġū澾ˣѲڴź˶ǰ裬ˮ¶źģߡ
̲סЦˣҲ˵һ䣬㵹˵һһɡ˵űվùʯԵҩ
ž鿴СһӣүҲǵģôҲǻѷޣȹأǰͷˣòҲø֣ʼˣ޶Ҳ̫Щ˵ǲŵġ
ߵҩ˵˵˲ȡΤ֪꣬׼Ҳû٣ЩԺ˵
ŶūԺ˵ˡڴ˾˵ó裬ԺҪһаŮǹүǶˡųڣžȻʶԼ˵ˣһ񾹽˰̣æס졣Ѧȳ»֮ҩˣʱʱ̿ԼҪСǰκ뺢йص飬飬񾹲˸ţ
С㡭Բ𡭡ҲǹҪġ⻰һ˵ڣžַԼ˵ˣⲻǴ˵𣿣粻˵ֱҪѹˡ
ӹһ˿εįǰοžȥϴõɴһҩĭӡ
ôԼڷأ
ⲻҶ׼ôһתȥȴҶ׼ü۴Ц˽һһգգؿ


126
žæ˵˾䡰衱ʶȤˡ
Ҷ׼ǣ˫֣Цž鶼֪ҪǴܣôͲ֪أ
֣ת˵Ǵͱˣʹˡ
Ҷ׼̲סЦ˳ԭ񵭵㶯˿ɰǰ֪˶ĺûᡣҶ׼ǰڱס˵⣬⣬ģ̫ԼĽŲҵĴߡΤӦʱ˶ôƫֻ̻ԽԽ㡣
Ҷ׼šüĪˣ
ɣҴȥɢɢΣ
ȥⳤ˳ǲûʲôøС
ȥɸɺã˵˵Ϊ̩˵ͦæģô̩ͷΣҲַǲ𣿡
Ļת˵ˣ˳סϼ죬׼ǲ׼
УԼҺúסţȥ߶˼Ҹʲô
ڲƺ;Ӷ˵һ𣿡Ҳ
Ҷ׼һʱԥ˺һǿͬ⡣΢ʰ˼Ҷ׼һǰѦиˡ
֨Ƶڳʻţò⳾ȻճϢУҲ̹˲٣ʱ𴰻ӿæµĽ̷ֵ
Ҷ׼ò׽ͣò׵ȵΤҵߵ߰˰ˣҪһʱգ֪ʱſϻ֣ټСĿռﲢŶϵܰ㲻סǼ꣬Ѫӿܵúܡ
ЩСžţȻһ£޷㵹ĻҶ׼ֿ죬ȷסѯʳԣڱ߻صˣǰиʯ飬ûͶܾˡҶ׼ŷԸ·
Ҷ׼ﻹϣһתѹϣһ̾Ĵ̫ûζˣҶ׼ЩԳ֣һֹסһֻ־½̽
ڴϣּ־ߣʹļ򣬵Ҷ׼ǳ˳һ㣬ǵûаſϲϵơ
òѰ˸϶ҧſңҵʲôˣ
Ҷ׼ֹסɿֻ졢üڴڴڵشһδŭӡ
Ҷ׼֪ˣʱǳںæȥ½Ϊŵˣһֱ˽
Բ𡭡ҡҲġ
ˡ£ͷԼҲϲ
Ҷ׼æͷұ֤´Σ
û̧ͷǾ￿롣
һ·޻ѦиҲЩȻҶ忴˵ıЩ֣ƫϸʣҲû˵ڣֻҸȥҶ֨֨һȻĪΤ֪ꡭҲȥʰҶ˵ž˳ȥס
Ҷ׼˵˵ڸôģ
Ҷ׼һĲյû򷭣ҡôˣôͰ¸Ҷ˰ɣ
㡪Ҷ˸ģȥֽҶ׼һ߲żʵ㲻Τ֪껳˰ɣ
⻰ûҶ׼Ѫʱ󺰣ûĺӣ
˻һĸ˶ˣЩԾ㶵ؿҶ׼
Ѧз壬ǲȥ¾Ʋʲôġ˵һҶ壬Ҵҵ뿪ӡ
ڷ㶣˼ǣΤ֪ûз֮ʵ㵽ʵԷΪʲô
Ҷ׼߽ס˫ʵѵҲҺӦ÷ʲô𣿡
ⲻ˳ô˷֮ҹҹޣȻз֮ʵ
ӦЩ˵ġǸȫΤӦʱˣһֱҲᡣȢ֮ΤӦʱ޲һʮʱңҶ˵һ䣬Ƿʵݣʱ֪ôΪ㡣
˵ʵԷһ齶ûУǡ֪귿
˯Ӳذ尡
Ӳذ壿ʱɵۡ
ᱳʹģû˰οҲûۣпҲû˵ȥ
Ȼ۷ȡǼⷢᣬ̲סһ˽Ҷ׼
Բ𡭡
ɵѾͷôָ˵Բ𣬸˵ԲңʲôĲǹģֻһʱ
δ˵꣬㾪ߵס죬˵ˣı
Ҷ׼֣Ǵһؼңסˡ
溬ߣص˵ͷ
ôˣǽҶ˼⣬ԻôأѦһžƺһֶСˣԳԵЦ
ĳձ㵽˳ˣʱסڳ˵ľլǰй֮ǰѦkھһ֮꣬һСµľ¥͸ã˳ѦкҶ׼ʶ
üЩ⣬̬ϯһûһӦƹѲѦҲͿżɽˣ˴й֮У˴£ôүͺүȥλú𣿡
͢Ц˵ȼϡƽβһ㷶ΧѣѦ˶˰ɡ
ǰս½ţڿ²ǿĺʱɱ²Ҫ磬ǴϯС˵ϡƽأ
µ˼ҵ⳼²⣬ּּܹˡѦҪϯϴǲգҿϯҲա
ۼҪߣѦkæȰͣҶ𼱣ҿѦ˵ʲô˵ӺС벻ýȥǾ͵ƾ˾Σ
Ȼǿԣǲ֪ӺС㣬Ҳ
δ͢͢˵ãλѦ˶ʹ죡ˣҲ޷ã˵أ
Ȼǡ
±ֱ˵ˡս½ţּɵǰΤΤӦʱ֮ӣҲóǴв룬²Ǿòټڶ๫һžҵ뷨ҲžһʱľԼһ̨ףҲΤһ̨ס
벻Ѧо̹ʣЩҪǱ˴ӵĶӲһ鳯Ĵ˵ףĳ⻹Ǻܳģ뵽ˣòѦҶֺøķҲ˲١
Ѧĳ鼸䣬֮Ӧǽ˻ѰڵľϵͽϵٿһսߣγɺΧ֮ƣս֪֡ʲô㣿


127
͢ҪϾͱֹ͢ˣһ˵ǳѾ뿪ýʮ꣬˷뾩ֻǳּݣйһʹ尲Բܱµʵ뷨ʲôǶġѦѣҴˡ
ҿ⻰ӺС㶼Ȥʹ˰ɣҴƿϵļһԣҶ׼ҸŲķ˵Ҳûã绹ʵʣѦkҲͣŽ
Ҷ׼һȷʵǺö͢ǴΡƿܿͼ˵ףδϵĺöҲ尲̼
һԣҶ׼æ˵ӹȻʶҲϧ尲̩˺ܿ˾ƣϢ˵ľ˵ģ߰˳棬йνȥƾܼˣ
͢ŴԣƱϸƷһڣǰ̩ôѦkƺأϴγ尲̽磬ѦkҲ̫ЩǰһؾѦкˣ֪»᲻ѦkйأйأǼʱʼġһһ߲£͢ЩˣὥҪɢ˶û⡣
С㣿
Ѧk͢һãȻػӦ
Ӹ˵ʱҲˣЩȥ֪Σ
ŶŶľǡ
ˣһλɡ
ʲôˣЩ·ͲˡkҶ˺Ѧپ۾۰ɣ͢Ѧkк͢뿪ˡ
뿪˲żղŵĻ⣬ڳǼУѦkʵѾվѦкҶ׼һߣǰЩЩĽᣬûȷ̬¶ǣҲһЩ¡
ҪƣѦȴסļ򣬡ǰ¾Ͳ˵ˣԺʱ۾ۣȺȾơһ£Σ
Ҷ׼Ц£ֶ²ǻꣿҺСѦ˿ɲ㡣
ȷʵǿԲ÷ˣλޣ֮ҪЩӹ֬׷ΪǼkǹ¼ҹһڴˣ
һ٩նʱͣö˵ѦkҲ֪Ȼ£Ǿٱ˵ǰ£òԣǴСҶˣҶʼٸߡ֮Բλ磬Է˻ܰЩæܸ˵˵Ѧk
ãѦүʹ죡̹ϵĲǺжҶĳˣ˵Ҳվʹ
һȰõϯ˵ĺͽ磬ʧ֮֮ɣܣҲ˰ɣ
ϯֱȵʱĩ͸Ҫ˲ŲòɢҶ׼ãԼؼңѦкѦkֵѾȵöᣬﲻѧϺѧѵֻܸԷԼҵү·ȥ
Ѧkǳ׺ȸˣϻؼңֱҪȥѦиٺȣǱߵѦиۡҶһͨ˵ѦкˣæѦkҲڣ˻˵Ѧҵĳ¡
ѧѵҶæЩ֪룬ҶС㣬ŶٷˣҼүˣһҪ
ˣѵܽѦү֮Ҷη
塭ʰƫٽг׼Ʋˣкк塭áѦҲǺȸˣԽǺȸߵԽҪ׷ʱΥǶϲģҶǿЦãֻýԸٽѧϺѧѵ˷˹ȥ
Ҷ屾뽫ѦkֱӰŵͷ˯£һѦ߶߶Ҷ֮Сʱڳ˵¶˵ˡҶ嵣Ѧд׾󷢣ϽѾƺ˻⡣
ֺһ֣ҶȰסˣǻδ˵ھ˵ǳϵСá
ʲôҶȻƣӭ˳ȥ͢˽
С㣬ҴУҶ壿
ôkҲôŶŶѦˣǲ˼ǲǴֵܾۻˣ
ȣʲôۻᣬȸˣ׷أҴеģ
͢ͷ֮ǰھ͸Щʧˣȥ֮Ѿϯϵ˸ף׶ֳһһҪҵǸԡ
Ҷ֪Ѧд˷ȥ͸Ŀģ͢һ˵ƫ߱˵˵Ҳ֪ھ͸ʲô£봾вƽϵģСˣΪ¶ҲԴлӦ
Ѧв֪Ǽ͢ʱˣԼҺȾƾҲܼˡȻɷ˵Ҷ뿪ˡˡ
Ѧkˣе£ּܲסҶ׼Ź֡ѦߺƫȻڰĻķҲˣſϡ
͢˯Ѧk뵽Щǰ֮Ĳ룬Щ΢΢鲻ԽͷǰǺιϵ
ѦkƺˣԾǰ֣ǰǰ
͢￩һ£ǣйϵ
ԶһյȲҪ͢ϣƫȴѾˣҶҲƫҲ˸ţǷԸѧѵѦkͷס£
պԶԹ͢ݣһ˺ƺƵйȥйϯݵĹ׾졣
ǣⳡԭƻһµй֮УֻʮˣԶ۵Ǽݻع·йļй棬ظıظأ͢ʡѭҪԶйн¼漰ıҪּס
һ˵μһĶǻʵ۴ȼ͵ģԶһ̬ܿʡ¼ģ䲼ʮگͣ顣
ֱӽϽΪǭеݸɣȻӦһѹԱĹٴӽڶʹ佫Ӹ󶼶ξٲȻһĵסǭеδƷڶʹ渮󶼶ǳ͢㣬Ʒ⽫ӽϵǭе˾ζų͢䳹׷ֱڹٷļｫõֱϽͼ˺вװΪѾͶﲻɱ翹Ÿɱ֮ۡ͢ʱԶҪһʦ鱨оǱӲӢ
ΤӦʱ֮ŮΤ֪йսԸΤЧԶۿǵʱϵսţΤ֪Ůкܣ䣬ԹϵʮϤӦս´棬ǷΪƷˣΪǰ߸˧ӳԮΤ䡣
ٴΣζݵй֮лٳһԵԶΪ³ǺѦkǧ͢ͻ飬ռг״񡣴⣬֪ӻԶѦkּؾƷ䡣


128
Զʮ꼾ģ˽ͷһƬڣ˶˵ѦʱתȢùΪǧ͢д׮Եǳйһ³ǺѦģ䶼ЦҲ֪ǲǺˣôԼıŮ¼޸λԼȵѦҡҵŵڣ͢޸ڻ£񵹱һ˥ȥѦҡ
Τ֪Ҷ׼̫丮Ǽž˲٣ΤҸҲûĹǣĻҵĻҡ͵͵Ҷ׼ǰˣһѻȸҶ׼ֵɣÿƺ;ܣҶԣԼĳͳƵƺ;ӣֱƺ;ˡ
ˬʣҶ׼ԼѦֵܵ͸СۣԼСһ˹ȥ顣
Ҷ׼˵Ʊߵ٩ֶһʯ֮Ʋȼ˳Ķ־֧Τ֪꣬˭֪⻹kһ׮Եագ
ѦkЦ벻Ҳȥˡ
ŴѦæֵɱңɲǵĿΧ˭֪ǲйֺͿˡ
Ҳôһ˵ģҲ㲻ѦkٱյӨ͸һһ
Զڳս²ʱѦk֪жȻԶѸץסλΪڳ͢Ļᣬ˳ˮӦй֮СԶ۲ǻǰ߸漱֮ʻ磬޷ǾϣٽһЩｲһЩڳϲֱ˵ĻҲΤ䣬ӼȻΤҵӣΤӦʱҲȻͨ衣
̵ùˣ¬ʺ̨Ѧб֪ܿжö˶˵طҪԼĶԶѣ͵Ժݹܽʵ޷ǽ֮֮͢¡ЩڰԺ¼ýԺеľʶ˸͸
Ѧܲ͸Զ۵й⣬βܣʹûǴξ͸ϯȻٳ͢Ĺٳ㣬ǴξۻᣬѦн̹ʾöѣ̬ΣѦпķ룬˵ãүӴϢѣүӵ͢ǸѾԱҲԸѦʾá
ΤڹϿս˰꣬Ѿ²ٳǳأټ϶յĺ֧ԮȡʤָտɴģֻԶûٵȣһʤѣΤӦʱȻۿΤҵĹͣȻƳһԱǿӦսΤ֪λŮⲻҪ游ǵġ
磬֪ұضʳŵģܾ尲ʮ꣬͢Ǹӵܣû˻ǵ߳峯õĳ
ҲѲ£ҵ֪֪νʧ󣬱±ָ˺󹬡ľƣλϵޣһ䣬ÿӲŰϲλµĺ󹬣λϵٲÿҲһλʵۡ룬ϲλָ
Ҷ׼ͷ˵ᣬÿԼôżֲܶ˿ܱ࣬Դ׵СŮˣĴܣĻΤҵ˾ͲôСˣϧƫƫֲһˡ
ҡѦлһתݹǾֵļأµνƶȣʵôϽģеʱȻֵλˣ»ԡ糿ż󷽲ż·Ƚǣֵʱ򣬿һζû¡
ѦkȻ򣬡ԣûʧ裬Ҳ翴ǰ˥ܵӣʥ¡
ǡұ˰ϧԸԼҲҪҵļǡǡӳҵƫ;ˡҾ֪Ҳ֪µ⣬һһͣȣ֪ƭ˶µµ֮Ѧ˿ھƣ֮ʱҶ嵽ݷãĸ˽͸¶ԶĹҽˣʱΪǾһ֮ǾõĹ۲죬Ȼ
ѦѾϵĽѣ뾴£ѦڳþȫʧȥӣѦղѦ¿ѾΪǰźú·
ֻǲ֪ܱܲΤȡͻƣǭеءҶ׼һΤҹϵ΢ΤۼӾ޷
ѦkһæϣҶôͶˣүӵܲȴֱ塢һ񣬶Һ޼ӣھкܿܽο̴һĽţ˷ǭȻΪ룬͢ǳĶ磬ȲʤȯĶȥð𣿡
ǵǣk˵ĳÿɻǰɢԬ˵޶û͵ֵȥ˰õô룿
ѦkЦҲŻسһ㣬ôҲӸ¿ǣ͢Ҳû˵ʲô޸ҺѸ¶úܺãǰջظ밲Ѹ׸һ˵ȶչܵˣҲûô࣬׺ﶼ⡣
Ӵ˿㵹Ǽ˸ϱҶĽˣ
Ҷ˵֮ҲĽءѦkҶ׼ⲻҪȥ
ѦЦԵʮģ
ʲô
ΪֵǺ棬ôѡ׼֮ǰǱ°빦û뵽ǳﻮ¾Ȼͳˡ
ѦkͷĬò˵˵͢Լġ
ԼѦвڵһھ͸͢ϵƫĪʱ˵ʲô͢Ůҵֱ֣ѡһ£
ƫǾ˵ʲô
Ҷˣ˵ʲôֻԼǵúᵽˡ˵ҲգľѳۣҲȢˣҲǵԸ²Ҳգ
һ¶ǣѦk֪ĺȻǰźӶǰǸ޵Ƣԣ֪¼ŵӹϰϰߡ
͢ѦҲһݺžϵڶʹ÷ȫ͢ڽϵĽΤȻҲæΤѾսʱͽƣȵϳսۼ͢ʦǭеأΤΤ֪ҲЩˣҹո˫Сˮһսǰлһս֮ǰ¸ء
ΤⷬòҴ⣬ֻ㳲ӭս˭֪벶ȸںΤͲɱ֮ʣõп飬͹һս󾹱Τ²ĴӪʱΤ仹벿ս
͢㵹Ҳۻ֮ڹغһ֧֧ԮΤ䣬ΤϽɱެӴܶȥˣҵϱڴݣǭеʵϳΪҵֱϽء


129
ҵԿһԶҲΪ̿ʵһλйӣ˵ȷṦΰֱӺڡ̣졢ο̫Զ۵Ŀϲ֮ϸҲ
Τ˰ʦس׵˳ӭջΤ˵Ļ󵱼گ͢ΪƷ󽫾ڳδƷɣΤӹھ󽫾һڲзͣͻʾԮΤҳԶһУƷ⽫뱱־Ϊξ
ΤأگһĿȻ
ȻԶ֮͢Ȼ˭ȹ²ĴӪ˭ǭе׹Τ֮͢סȴţ͢˺Ҳ޻˵˳ǵûйڳڳʵְǾˡ
Τ֮ǰǴ䣬Ȩյ˾㣬˷žػر±ĿȨ˭֪·ɱһ͢㣬ڱҪְ͢£òһǰ㣬ԭĴְ֮Ҳڳ֮Զ˳ˮõˡ
ΤܵίԼɵģΪΤҡ
ΤӦʱʡΪҵȨյĴة࣬Ȼٰǰ֪֮ĹϵӦеһ١ΤӦʱ⣬ΤҵˣȻ볯ԽԶԽãȨУҡ
͢ǭеڶʹһְԶ͸ڹйĶգμԴǭе
Ҳ͢һصڳ˵ľլҵգԶּ̳񣬹Ǩ֮ϲǨ粢δţһ˶ѦkΪҵŮȻŷ͢һϯ
ϯķΧҲǢֻѦkƵ尲һȻˣҲ⣬ϾݲͬˣԼİӣԼаӶɵĶ˾֮Ҳ
ϯҼּй֮е֧ƻ⣬ǽ˻ǰԹԹõأ˵͸üְλʹãҲӸǰ˵ĺûٸڰٹǰԺŲʹҲ㡣
˭֪ƻδڣʵ˵£ҵҪ㣬Ҷ׼ļӻȥûУйҲʹʮ죬òôǮľ͸Ͻ˼һȥֲСĿ
üŭģԹĻŵȥˣֻΨΨŵŵͷǡ
Ѧkˣӣ˵˾εй°ã޲ڣ֪ʲôöҲóƣۣϲǳң޷ֻӣ˾ˡѦkӣߺ
Ѧ˵ЦˣʲôöѦûģ˼ӰˣҶ˵ǱǮү˵ҲҪȥģѾˣվ͵̫丮ϡ
ŵ˵ͷ˵˱ãٸҲ˺Щͷˣһ׵ٸҲˣлڱ¸ǰ˵Щ㻻ЩְλٲҲųȥڶʹôҲһĸôҲٸЩ
ԭȻΪԼûھҪˣѦkﵹǱŷԼ˵˺ûʱϲʤлһʮָмؿѦk
س·ϣѦk͢ţ͢ʻƽʱ㻰Ҳ˵һ䣬ô漾˵ûˣ
ô˵Ҳǳź꣬˺ӣ񲻹Լֳıõλöѣֲٷƣ¶Ե˵ѣҾ顣ô˲ˣ
ǣҾһʡ֪ģҪʲôҶ㡭
ѦkЦЦ˳ǣ裬͢ɬصͷ˳˽Ļ
ȻͣѦkҪʺ£ѧѵȻ߻صǰǰſڷ˺Щסȥ·ڸڼӽţҪһᡣ
ǰѦkֺӲԾһ͢Ҳʶɿˣ͢ò뿪Ļղ͸¶ЩķΧȻ޴档ˣ˵ĸŹڼסڹ͢ķ뷻֮䶼ǺƽֱĹٵһ㶼·ߣϾĸۡ
һѦk˵ǰ˵ֲмȥæѧѵӦһ˼ǰ鿴
һεĳĬѦk̲סƿǸۡſڿȥ͢峺Ѿһˮ
һῤǰŮӦ˳һЩӴ͸̧̧İ˹ѦkЩ⣬ҪǰЩ˽ӺζѬʮ˹ʶ׷¶ϲɫҾлѧѵ¶棬ֻȺ˹ͷ
żϤİӣѦkӵֽճȭϸһɫüͷ
ǰɾһܼģǰǰ˵˼仰Ȼָ߿Ӧǽȥ·֮¸ǰǰ˻ߵ󣬾˸ŵ̨ף
Ѧkţæӷ£򳵷˾䡰ߣ
ǿȻǰ۶ȥǾǴ󲻾ˣЩΪѣ֪ͣ³֮Ǿִٲ
ǰҲЦǰӾɾӰһЩʲһʱûü뾹˹˵ĳݣǱǸ
ϤѦkĶϾ߳һ㱡ŵòǰûлӦЩ֣Ҫ˵תһ룬˿ˣֲҶŭóĬԼĲǰֻ죬˵һ䡰ʮֱǸת뿪
ȥʱȺ˹Ȼɢȥѧѵ±޿ɱˣǰ˸棬ֻô񡣿ѧѵһ̣ǰʱʲôԾػͷȥһɬӿͷǰǴݵػѧѵ˵ͷȻ߽˸ۡ
顱һŹرգѦkģҲǹݺݵس鶯һ¡
һº֮ĶʮҵӶʮ꼰ںҪڹסν֮Ļӱɳɼҵʵ۾Ǹ֮ģ׼볯£ٹͬС
ȻԼĶӼӣɲҲ޿κΡԶ۶ҲʧĶ࣬ο٣ô˶͹ֻǰˣٴ죬꾹˴ҵϴݡһʢ£Զ۾ô˻ٹͬ졢ƶ죬ؾƾ


130
گһ£ϲʤԼôǰͷˣԼĶҲӵķۣ˵ԶۺܿͻΪѡһλʿŷĹ䣬Ȼ볯£һĳɹ·ںֺλݱԼһȵĹλҲôˡ
๬ŮʶûһЩճ֮ⱾҲǳ£ϾӶ󣬶ְɰƷһ⣬еλ͵ı˵ѡֵҲ˾֪ͷӵﲻãҪҪǾˣ˲ӡεҪЩˣ˵ַָǳľɻһH֮ζҪȫ£ʶҪְִ϶ڳһѡ
µС඲ΣϽֵڸ˳ڸҲΪѣָѾʳľƷˣֲɰ嵥ҲҲڶݣⶼ⣬Ҳ벻ʲô۵ġ
ڸ֧֧ģʶҲֱ˵˵ʹˣҲΪѣλǹģԭһݾУ
ڸ󾪵⡢λģҲЩﲢûˣ
ʶЦǾˣıӲ飿ڹλϵǼٵģʹˣȰҲҴţ񲻸ѲҪȹ¾йʱҪ
˵ϣǲƷ̵ڸ亹ð˳ҧҧ¹ǧȷﲢûбõˡҪȫó㿴ҲУֻǺôһʱ䣬ŹüڳµĹ䣬æý
ʹˣŮ㣬һҪаڸδ˵꣬ѵ⣬ȻŽһݵŵæ¹ڸŶϵĺ飬֪롣ɷ˵Լ̺Ůֱֿ֮֮ⷿﾡ˸飬ŲʲôõĶӵϣʱ֮䣬һƬǽ塣˿⼦ɹĳ棬Խп಻
һ֣վҲνƷʶŸ˵Ķ治ТģǺѦҡ˵ͷŴֺȥ
뿪Щ춫̺͹Ůһѷӿ˽˵Ҫ֧Ӳ棬Ǹ˵Ҫ֧ϯ߾ƾߣ˵Ҫ֧ƻġһΧڸҪڸһ߰Щˣһ߿ſصǽ壬޲ҸӰԼն£
ѦкҶ̫밲̫뾴˵ǹףô֮꣬һТ˳˵ĸ廹ͦģ°̫ˣҶһʱ˳һ㹬ⶺġ̫󾭹ǽ泳µıȥһⳡʱҲɵۣ벻Ͼ͵ˣŹ͢ճʲĹؼ־ҳ
ڸԶѦйΪǻҪ֧춫æˣһ·СܹȥʰѦˣǱǸַһͨƢⷿҵĺܣʲôҪ֧ģܷԸСˣСĽʰ׵ϸȥôȻһȡ
ҶһҪЦҲڸƢģ˱˿һĿⷿͱˣתһ룬ƢԲãҲܲмӵ֣ЦʹˣҲܹ֪ܷⷿһæ
ڸһʱ˾۷Ź⣬Ҷʱæѩ̿ҶҵһģԼⷿоˣæ˵ѦԸæĺ£룡
Ѧ벻ͨСҪʲôϷȻæԼҲǱȥԼҵ־ֵ෿˵˵ϾǭеǷһʸծǶ㲻ȥģ˴Ҷʡ¡
ҶһС죬ѦʱʱѦа˹ŲʵΣ̩˵»㷳ģҪȥµĿⷿ
ҶҲǿǲ֪ǿֹⷿǱϴһ㣬սҡҺֵ˷ֳĲһרܵǼҪ֧Ķһר˷һרܿǼǵҶһרܹˣΣ˻԰ɣ
Ѧ⧲գЦԣҵ۹һܿԡ
ôúõֳ˿ԼˣҶᣬߣǺܿԵģڿⷿ﷢ֵɲظ˵ˣôԼȥɡ
ţ㷢ʲôѦаֱ˻
֡Ǵϡ
մ׼ƫżæŵ͵֮¾ʲôˣ
ԭҶʱߺƿ֡˵ģڿⷿ﷢һǺѦҶ̩̺ŵһϡ
̩רӪ󼰶ϣڴҵøʢж̩Ķģ
ϣ˲ϵǼǵǡ㡯ҿķĩǡС
ѦһæѦȵҲ̫ˣҽ˶빬͢ǣ
Ҷ巢ֵġСԭɡǲõһϣɮ½׼Ϣ֮ã֪ʱȡȥӼ޸ģּһЩñصĲҩǵĹЧңңɣҵһɡ֡к߼һҩ֮ѵǴ֮ãǸ˸֣СС˾һϵֲˣʵǸĲҵ˰ܽأһʷԶ»ҩʯɢδҲˣãˡСһһ»ҩгһʱ
Ҳܡǡ빬֪ѦȻʲôǲģУҿеǼǵ֧¼˸ճ֮⣬ֻλжã֮УΪ
Ѧšü˼κ˵ǹ֮вδл֮´ڳеıҲҩģҿ£򵥡
պɢ˳Ѧk͢ϵƵǼǣݷ˳ɻҲһʱˣδר̰ݷùΪĸ˷Ҳ֪˽Ҵ֣ͥһ·ͨʱ¹
̣Զɢ̳Ӧĵֱӵ¹ˣںʮȤʱʱ书ΣҲԴԶǿģ˵Ц֮֡


131
Ѧk͢ʱԶۺ˼߳͢ʱЦ¡ֳǰЩڱ̩ʢõһ㣬СʲôϡֻһһȫԾϵأȫǡũݡмص°֮޶޺ģЩϸɿЩɹǵţŹĸϲЩζŨҵϣֻżЩ㣬ԱôãʹˣɲֳkûúöТǡ
ӹӿ˿ŵһߣЦˣȷʵϲѬ㣬ֻ㵹ٲˣǻϲãҸ˻ʲô죬վˣɣˣ衣
ԶҲڻʵ۵ļӣʹ͢ѦkڣҲȽ⣬˳ټ̰ȥ͢Ѧk˳˵ĽȻְ͢һ佱ǰˣ붼͢Ĺ͡⵹͢˵Ĳ˼̧ͷ
佱ţԶۺȻһתѦk˵Ѧ˷볯䶼˵մҵĹ⣬ʵȻ尲޶ǿģ˲˽ȹϵ˵ϡֻǣ볯ҪЩƢԶһģᵳӪ˽ˣݣҲﲻ㡣
Ѧkæл½ͣġʱ٣ĸꡢǱáұ¡ֻǶԳСʹ룬ⷬĳȻף󶨵֪ͼ߾ܡһһΪ·ǣͼ
Զ۵˵ͷӻֽҲʱתƻ⣬ԼŮ˵µĲˣȥյµ²ɰگɡ䣬Զ۱סگ죬յ紺
ӦæȥˣȰţƢθο
ԶǣЦͷЩãյ񣬲Ȼˡ
̾ÿǱ۵ýҲ˵ʲôܹҪԼӲǡ
ԶۿЩԴ׵ӣԽϲЦǱ߲ûʲôֻ˯֮һκܳΣôҲ˯Ƶġ
һ죬С˵ǻأô˵Щ
ѦkȴЦˣ˵°ϧɷĵ䷶ѧһѧȥҲӪһüҷ硣
͢ȴм˵ѧϰأҿµİֶѧǰ˵˵ǺͼӦ꣬ȴĿ࣬񿺷ܣ֪˵Ǻߣ֪ĻΪʳʯɢҩأ
Զһʱòףšüʵʯɢڷô
ʵ侭󣬴ʳʯɢֲ֮ѾɲסˣֻǷ̾Ʒӣٲ֮ͽŶҽ֪ζҩ˲ʯɢҩЩҩȥһҩ޶£켣Ա𣬲ʵһ֪ˡ˵͢˵ǻأǳһŲ˷һСϣҩʯɢЧƣֳһЩ
һɫ䣬æɫѦԺҪϸ𣬴˵ȴҩʮ˵ĵˡ
Ѧkǣת͢ȥˡ
СԶ۳һᣬ˼
Ѧ˼Զ۾ԽԽãҲ¹ţٹһյĹˣ֮ʱаһݼѦkӹһһװ֡µĽУš㡱֡
Ц˵Ҳɣ⹬Ҳûʲôϡɸ㣬˵Ҳѵõģұ軨׷ԡ
˵ŰȻЦˣŤͷЦʲôصūЦµ¶ˣ㻹ִӺѦҲɰأѦ˽ˣⲻûصԼôһ׮¡
һ˶ЦˣѦk˵˵㵹Ǻʵúܣл⡣˵ű㽫ǺӴյǼţѣһȴšסüͷ
Զۿ鲻ױʵΣѦҲЩϣ
ѦkȻ£΢֣̿㡢㡭ζ볼ǰʱİоǳƣ
˳ԾǾƵؿԶۣ֪롣
Զ۵򾲣ǽüǽ˵Ѧһᣬˣšλ̫ҽ
̳Сܳȥһᣬ̫ҽ̫ҽͱҩظϵ¹һ˾㰲˿Զۻ˵ӻֽѦk̫ҽ¡
Ѧk̫ҽһͨȻ򿪽Уϵݸ̫ҽš˲иϾ㣬ȻϸĵñƬԼǺüκŻ¡ѦеϣӦǷİ󡣡
ԶѶŭ֮ǰδ㷢Լšλ̫ҽѾ˽ۣʱŭɶ˳ץסϵĲյˤߵѻʧɫٴξŵǲյմ£ֻƬﶼô¹Υߣնģ
һ̹Ůȷ׷¹ӦԶְߵ̳ҽй˵㣬ȥָϸϸһ飬ʱ֮ǰǰͨͨˣޣҴӦһҪ£Զ˵ŵ㣬ֵ˾֪ģβӵ⣿ͷ¡
պ䣬ǰһֵޣԶԴǰիԡΪɲûȥǶԼҵ巹
䵱գϲ󣬻Žأǰնۼȸ࣬һӶѺźǵĳʹݵ־Ȼ빬͢˵Ӷʮ˵һŴҵţһڳ˳ʮﳤͤʢʮѵһǳصı׮׮ϡ䱦֮Ͳ˵ˣĺ񣬾Ȼһֻ׶ӵĻһֻƵѱʦ߱߶ŪǴϻЩѶߵĶ档˻˵ѱˣͬѱʦһ͸ġ
͢ʢ͢Ͳ˵һƬ黷ơˣԡƽҵǿ͸㾡У˳ۡ
Զ͵ܸʹĳݲ׺ǣʽͳСգһûʱʹһһֻܺܰѺõǼóֱȥֵǼڲᣬպٳʱֻͷĵ׶ֻԶԶ͵̨Ȼֱӱ͵⻿޵ıԷȥˡ


132
Ȼǳ˷ͷƷ¹Աй񣬴һƷӶƷʹаԼŵһصˣ죬ƮƮȻ֪ˡԶרŴӻѡһλѧƷ˫޵ĿΪڣлһСǹٰϷںϿǰΪڣϿʹˣֵͣҲķڣԼǵӣһƷԷֻǸӶƷλ͡ƷױͣҪͷǱͦͦվǣһóЩΣԶ۽Լ̳ǰѣŲ鲻Ըص¸߰Դ
߹ʵǺܳһ£Ͼ߶ǵ¸ص˼ңﻹȵ˵ߣԴһ㶼ҪͷǨͣҴΪΪǰķ˵ͷҲʵеķλߵģΪ⻹ӦϥȥǨͣ˵һ˲ͬ䱾Ѿλ˳˵ۺû˱߹ȨȺ䣬վڵϣӦǨͷ˵ġԶϥѾйĻλһֺ֪ģʹǵǧҫһҲǨͣ񿴵ӣԶʮֲá
ϵĹڡｻ󹬵ϯɢˣǰϯһֱֵʱ̷ͣЪԶǸǾ̷ֵԸ˵իޣأǰڼ¹һ˱¹ԶͨΪҹ¹ûްţӦǶ˯˲ŶԣһžĶűһԺԶۼССȴװ⸱ϳɳصӾ̿ЦҹȥԺվʲô
һظʣʹڸĻֽһֻޣΨӣܵ⹬ˣ⹬űĸġ
Զһʮָп˶µӵʮֲд޽ΪİãЩʹڶ֪˴δĹʹϲˣ͵ﶼͶã桢ĺ屦ֻһ˷쳣ԶЩڲýʢ䣡
ԶùеĽߵ̳źãļ㸸ʻûϣ޶£ȻӦɸٹ꣬㳤ˣ㸸ʱĸ˵žͽ̰ȥϢԼ߽¹
ڵ¿飬ΪԼĶӣͷҲ̧ЦKˣڲվ˰ɣ
KΪĸأ²˵ġ
һӣæϯ밲ԶЦŽǣϯ¡
ӦȥŶԣתôҲԸһ檺óӭ
ʲôӭӭȥģ¹޵ļһϤúܣЩĶ
ЦЦʲô裿檸ȥ
ˣǰϯϲƶһӣأȲ¡Զ۸֣ȻЩԶԪ꣬޵ǻһƸʱĹת۶ʮ궼ȥˡ빬ʱʮ꣬޼ǵ楰ɣ
楣ºüԡҲǽµӲҵõµƸôӲѡĲŮʼƸкҲвã˺öߡ㡢ǴӲѡʼģһ㱻ȵУɸ˱µĺΪˣȳ檶˱ºЩꡣ
ôǱЩҲСѡҲʣϸǵ޵ǻ޵Ƹġ
¡ܿӲ˽楣ֽǣǰ󲻹һ࣬ǵĽ˺ö꣬Գĺ֪ˡ
ᵽУԶ۱뵽ǵĵһӣɵøǵһӻţ͸Ĺˡϧ
ӽ˽ۺܿʪˣתͷúõ˵ЩʲôڲЛK𣿡
ԶۿӣҲʮֲ̣ǰӵУΪᣬ޲ã޲ˣѹǻЛKȻ޴ϥ¿飬Ȥ
˵ˣŮʮӣνʮȫʮȥѡֽһˣµֻԽԽʢϥ¿飿ЩĻɲҪ˵ˡ
ĪǳԴˣģ⹬˭ҲȲ㣬ȥĲѡҲԵˣĶ͸ҺͰٹ֮ˡĸŮĲꣿ֪֮˰ˣЩðɣ컹ҪЩʹţ񲿺ͺг̣һգѦ̲ģźһ˰ضʡǿѦҵϣͽϴǹˡ˵޸ΪʲôԼԼܡ
ΪЦȰοµǺˣѦ˻ԶûǸءѦҲźʱҪ˵أ¾ֻ۱ֻۣˣ͵ǸͰɡ˵űطϢˡ
˸ʹţԶʱ˶ղ㷢׮óһˡʡ˻ҩִ£ʡ̼ȫܲΣͬʡҴͥǡֵĳʹ͹鷿Զ˳ʡ
ڳʡôóӣ̼ҲĶͷ˾ǣٲҪԶۡ׼⴫ĽЩ飬ձǰԼԶ۵̬ȶԭԭظ˵һ顣
ȫźӣȵʱźȵۣµ۵ǻ㾡źµۣʮﶼֻһˣҲдĲɳ˴Ʒ̼һ֮͢׵ְλö˶˵Ĳ֪ĸ֪ôūŵ̵ĺH־ŭѰȥ˸͸Զ۸ǰ
Զ۴ǰ˼䣬ȫ˲飬õ϶ְӼʸɰģ㡯Ѿ˺ܶ꣬Ժݶ̩Ƕдġºֳһⷿʣ㣬δв˰еģֻⷿ춫ⷿ﹬̺͹Ůһ飬Ǵϵ򣬸Ǳ˸飬֪Ƿʱ˶ֽš
ͷ˵£ֵһ̺͹Ůֵ֮ǰϸԽֹ˽ԼдκƷⷿĻҪƵļ£޿ܼд˽͵ʱⷿˣֻ﹬ˡŶˣտⷿ﹬˸һƬǽ壬Ѧ˼˾Ѧ˻ҵ˲ᣬ֤


133
ԶһʵѦҲȥⷿ
һ￩һ£ĪѦ˰ɣѦֻǺİԼҪԼˣæѦȷʵⷿҲǾֹŮºŽȥģ޼д͵Ŀܡ
Զ۵˵ͷӦΪˣҴֳʱü¼λԼķ֮ù㣬ֹһغ󣬱ûãмǿɡתҴͥʵҴͥ޽㳹鹬м̺͹Ůɲ鵽ʲôˣ
Ҵͥæص£Ų飬δλ̴빬й﷭֮ǰ֮ͥΨһرΨгĳѦϣǰЩʱ빬˵Ǹ¬ЩĹƷϵ˼Ҳоѭģȥˡ
ѦϡǺѦҵŮǰЩ޸˵Ѧѩ
£ǣѱΪûͷѦѩȻҲû˵ݣҴͥԡ檡һʳƺ
һ˵ˣԶ̼Ҵͥǡɹ١͡ڸֳ飬ʵʡץץһҪˮʯ
̼گͺæ°£칦򣬱˸ˮʯ
ѦѩģλĹﶼЩѦѩ͸ǵʱ˵вһ³㣬û˵»ҩԲ˵ġֿⷿİУһŮΪ˵Ǵ˹ŮרΪȼģϡմЩİҲĲԣ⹬ŮϵİоմȾ˿ⷿ׼͵
ѦѩĿڹҲûʲôֱԸͶϣڱ¸ǰ˵Щû˽ĳͷУҲ䴫Чģ֪H»ҩҲ֪ƭġ
ԶΪûڻ㣬˵ĻظĶھϣԼԾʱŵ㣬Ҳܿ˯ˣк쳣֮һ˵Ȱ˸ɸɾٲȥҲûʲô˼ˣԶֻԡҹǡ֮ѰѦѩ˶ٰӣȻŹһ𱻽㣬븮˽ܣɹⲻ֮δɴͽ䣬˷ٺ֣꣬Щ¹ʣ£һӦ̴ӣҲٺꡣ¾ƽϢˡ
Զ۵ĳͽگһ£ҶʮߣڸﵱѦk͢㷢һͨ˰ɵδ壬ôƫо䵽ķϣֵǰһޣⲻԶ¹ҩȻڵڶյĴʧǣȻôߣѦk˲ٰУЩšλ̫ҽ֤˴İУõ㹬ŮմȾĽδҲ̫ǣǿڶɵ㻹δ£ԶۻĹ˻Ҫôƫ̻ҪôԴ裡
߷߲ƽҶ岻ͬ͢ƽȻ˵֮ͥôʷĸҲ̶ˡʮʧȥӵҪװˣҪõģҲ
ʧȥжû˱ҶѦиף͢һ˵Ҷ㰲
ѦkʵΪҪ̣ɷ֪ǣ
ѦڵĹϵЩҲûʲôˣұѸеԵɶǡ»Ǻʱȵ۵İȢ¬ΪλԼĳȵڲѡʱָˡ
ѡƶ˶ףҵŮӵԴ޷֣һƸʽŮƸӭȢǣ빬λݣҲǲˣܴĶŷʿһƷȨ֮ŮһģܽƸ֮ʵϲ࣬Ǵ;Ĺǲѡһɣٹٷʮδ޵ŮñʡĲѡѡΣͥһѡʵ󹬣ʣµӷɸסȨȣŮĳΪ޻Ϊ檣ʣµıŻҡǽסңⲻ˵
Ҷ岻ѵȢľȨ۸Ȣ𣿶ﻹƸأݶǲѡҪ󡣡
͢εѦѦ˴ΨһȻ֪֮£ŵĵȻҪȺŵĵλߣʹĸ󣬵ҲҪѭƣƺһ㡯οںΪŮҲڱµǻ֮굮ĸƾӹǵĵλ͸ˡȻ˶۸ˣĸܵίҪ¬ʺ
Ѧеͷλñʶ볯ºŴλɴ˿ɼܳ裬ҪǸõġ˱µĳŮҲһֱûʲôӦҲó衣ҵǿ͸ƺһֱƫֲ̻ʮϲ
Ѧ˵ǿ͸͸Ҳ޿ɺǣϾ£ҲǺ֪ġ
Ǻ£
µ̫֮λ׹
һ˴󾪣
͢˻ᣬ˵˶Ϊ塢λ֮⣬ǴĲѡʵȻ֮⣬һλȵʶĸȵۻ̫ʱĳ檶ϣһζ̣ȵڶϷУΣ֮ʶ϶˵Ϊȵ۵һԼȵۣݶ飬ȵ۶ʮֳ谮ֻʲ塢ȵԽɽΪǲûΪҪѡ¼λһֵܱڳţʮǰȥǲ˽Ҳ֡
˵ͷƺҲϱ߰ɣ
˵֮˵ľְ˶Ҳʶ˺ˡ
Īԩɣδ͢˵꣬Ѧб̲סѵµֶĽ̰ȨƣǶͶ̥ŵȥˣ
͢Ц˵֡˺ţ˿¶ѦҲ㲻ʲôֻ֣ȷʵϣȵڲѡϽָˡ
ѦkЦһŮӣȵ˳谮һСҪòܾɣ
ȻܾȵһڴӦֻϲģȴſݵĺ֪˼֪ػȵָ飬Ǳͨʼҵ۵һдֵĻָȵʮ۰ǣ浽֮ѡУޡ˴һӣϸɺ˳뺺
Ѧk˿ھƣҡͷ̾ϢССͱļƺ͵ƽƽ֮ζù
ѦЦеǡӢѹ˹ءҲǵϵʯȹˡ


134
͢˵塢봢֮λԵȵ۱ں֮ѡߣ൱ʥ裬˿ʼ֮ʱơȻȵҲʾǱ㽫볯ãǵٿ¡ʱ͵ʱˣڳ˵ľӪܱ֪ĻϢжܿһ¬Ұģܿתơת۵ּ֣˹ԼںĵλһƣΪ˽ԼǽԷֺƣھҩʹƺԣ뼸Ů**ղȵ֪ɫ˹£ʮʧʱŲ¶ϵľ飬ΪҲδȵ۸ǰǿ磬¾ôǹ׶ˡ۴֣ڴ֮ʤϵ׹
ѹԶ۶ãν˶ֲϧԼ˿ֻҪ¬˽ɽʯĵߣң͢
Ѧһû˵ӣҲ¬˺İɣ
˵ʹ͢Ҳʮְˣ˵һӣȷʵ˺ģĸ빬ãδŮǣĺںʱһ躦˵ı죬ĸǵĶ֣ǸСӣѾ߸ˣô͢˵΢дżֲѦkӿһɲᣬס֡
͢󷽲ż˵һΣĸ˼¹ȥ˽ʮ꣬Ҷ˸ᣬڹĸǰڡһСĸ˸ڶӵʱδȫָԵڶλСһ첻㣬һزˡʱĸң뵽Уµ粻˶֮Ψּ´ꡭǸ֪ΪʲôҵҪǹٹҪ͵Ϊ¬ϺĶǻӣǾùĸĺвǺӵǰ̣ӲùĸǿĿɽܣһ첻ʾĸһ첻úùǿлţĸԼ֪ܻʱ̸׵
ҵľѦǰӹǾֳ޼¼µеĴǲٵģɴ˿ɼδҵĹͼĵó裬ɱʥ
Ҷ循ʲôõģñ¶ô᣿
һѦкѦkͷȾƣرĿ⣬͢ӣһЦѦ⻰ôرأô˶Ů˵ϲöóҲѦΪα¾
ҶԱŤͷѦУЩŭ˵˵
Ѧвֻܷеľյɿȣһ˵ָһ˵ǶŮûпһƽģһǽĿɰʹСӵģŮֽΪ죬ʮֳ羴˿ɾȫŮӵˡ
ҶЦһˣ
Ѧϱ̬Ȼһˣֻϲġ
ѦkߣⷴӦǿ죬һˣ
̾͢ǲһ˾Ͳҵ۵ģֻȷʵǺһŮӣ¶ҲǶڱ޷Ŀ˵һɡȣϺ¬Ͼûôˣ¬ϳҴ壬߰裬ϲǿ¬Լϣ¬ϵķҲôá
ѦšüҲȻ¬ǴĹϵһپ١һֻϾǱµ׶ӣмιͣ²ŶݣҰ̫̰̫Ǯ˰齭ɽĻʯҪֻ̰ܽƳá
һڻɸʱɢȻûнϣϢشпӺļı͢ųαɣǾ˼Ҫ֣Ƕҵʵʮηġ
ĹʮգԶĿǴﵽˣڹԼŵԣͨԶ۵߷罫Ƴٸ࣬ιرڶʹһְе㶦֮ƣΤӦʱλ࣬ͥ񣬿ѦкҶ׼ҲԼĲ˰ƾԶ۵ΰѳסҵġǮӡС
⣬͢פҲһЩı䣬һֱűľöȱ¾⣬Ϣõ˶֪ǰѳֹѦҶԤ϶Աб⣬ֹ˾̫Z磬һ˾ڻȹ࣬һ̲öľϣ
Zƫ˽֮ӣ˽¸ʷ̨ʩѹZ磬ʷ̨Ҳò˵ǡǰһȵĴԭΪǮãܻʶȽŻǮʵ⣬̫þƽΪ͢һԴԴϵǮӣ˰ЧʣҵĹʷټӯ״̬ˣȻҪٴ޶ǮáҾһսԶǳסǧñһʱĵھϻٶǮҲֵõģ˶͢㱣֤úҲʮͬڳֻܱˡ
͢սԼ𽥽Զ۵ӵܵһӵõŤתвȨԼŮ޸͢㣬ҽף˳ۡż챻ý̤ˣȴһŻؾҲ֪ȢŮһʱΪʢ̸ʡ
һԶ԰Ʒ;գѵü磬λδĹҲ̵ۼݡԶۿÿ˵Ůʮģһ뵽ŮʮߣѾҪͣʮֲᣬĸӱ̾Ϣ˺һᡣ
ѵûӵĹעӱ¸ˣƸԼŮҸ÷һԼӢʵۼȻ𣬱ԽԼͷ˵˳ΪӢӢ⣬ԶӦûһڴӦ⻰ԶȴҶˣƷ費ӱɲ²͸˼ֻλͰ͵ؿ
λǰҲλӱɵ磬ӱɾλмֽģڲϣԼ˵仰£Ӧû֮ͣ۾ǣλ֪ȴ޶ԣֻӱּ
λļλɺȻμҵү尲Զһ˵Ӣʣһ˵Ż磬֮һ֮ʣֱΡԶ۵³ܽᷢԣʲôϼףΪһӦƼһʱ֮ü˶Զ۳˽ԡ


135
ۼ֧Զ˳һ߹һӱԽԽż˭֪־ĶԶǸʮӵܣСû˸ף游䱦һ۰ĸͲ˵ˣֱԼĸε٣»ţҪ粻Ҹֱָ꣬μҵСڡ
δ֮ǰѾ游Ⱦɫ֮ͽһ𣬶߹ǿ֮ϵ˹Ҳ˸ҹܡ֮ĸλʵֵòˣȥ尲һѧ߿ܼĺУύһЩԹΪμչ尲ǿ͵ͷ߶࣬Ҳһӡ
Զյ尲ʱȷʵ̫ԺϾȨǿ࣬մӾϵҲӣλĵλȹ̣ҲˮǴߣЩȨ󵹷ͽһ͸ˣھϵʱʮֹ
ԼŮ޸ˣⱲӲ˵ŹԶҶɷﻹҸԣӱɴʱּʮֻǿ䲻ι֮Ļ뻰ųھͱ֮˻ȥ˵Уôãڹǰǳӣ䲻ϵȵȡӱ֪Լ˵˻ӵŮ˵һ⳼ǲǱ;æű⣬ʮǱ֮ǡ˽վӡⲻˡ
ţһƷ費˺ȻһЦ˳⽿εԶ۵ע⣬תЦʵ˿ǷʲôȤ£˵Ҳһ֡
æ£Цλƽʱϻۣɵ˽ڹôţǼ⣿֪ϼ֪ϼ׵ĿԶԶֹιһˣ˵һҼһˣͬЩ׵ģǲ˼ҶټͬһˣʹĲǡ·ҲȣûʲôȤ
СӰλǰ˵棬ƫƫ˵ϣ治֪Ǹ÷㻹㡣Сס¹ƫ˵˵Ǹ÷Ǹͣ
Ц¿ǺͿˣĿǻ㣬˸÷Ǹͣ¸ʻǡ
λЩΣЦֲǡҲǣֻǿ˵£Բ͡
ãǱͣңԸȥѰǱ͵˵ȥƫˣҲУһϺõ赣͵¹˵ϼףСӣȥŲѡģԹӦñǶ࣬˵˵ø޵
ЩܸȣСӵ˱µĶ벻ó檵ˣ԰Ҫʳ檣Լôſһݹϵģͼǡϼסǡô
Զ⻰ãְ佱һȻ˳˵Ҫϳʱϸϸѡݺ飬ƹȥˡӱ벻ԼΧľȻһջҲãŽ˲˵ĲŮдʯµͬʱҲʮָмתһ룬һʮ߰Сζ࣬Ҳ**ԵʣǸ˳ӲԾƫ
ռ£Զ۶ֶ˼ӡ󣬵ȥ󡣹˼Զ۱͢ͲӢ鷿˵һ±񡣲Ӣּʮ֣ؾ֮ʱѾеķֻͣһȨְĺүӣȥʲô񣿵͢ӲԻȥɢɢˣʵǿ̽ϢͺȥɻģǭеֱǾһСǱ͢㳹׸ˣʱѾ˵Ҳû´Σ͢㲻ɣ˻δȫ˼ʲô
Զ۴ǭеսư˹ʵоı֮ѡ֮Ӣ´òû͢㣬ֻԶԣһʱԶ۾ʮ⣬ͷ󻹴ţӢֱͷԡòߵʱĩԶݵʱ䵽˲ŷ뿪֮ʱԶ۾ĵļ΢Ц׵뿪鷿
˹ŲӢ͢ʣү㾿ֿʲôҿɸ㣬Ҳȥ밲ĵشڸɱң
ֵܣô㣿ǭеҪջȳ²֡ƣһҪٽҲƵΤ伱͵벿һս˵˵ȥջģһռĹ⣡㻹ʲô
ӢֱģҪߣְ͢˻ֵܣָû㣬ɲлҳġ̱ڿǵ֮ˣǴСһ棬ģѵֲΪ˸
Ӣһæס죬ѹݺݵ˵ʲôѾˣаѾȻ˶֤Ҷ˵Ĳǧϣ˵Сĵ㣡
úúáϡϣȣ˭Ҳٵˣ޷з򡯣𣿣
֪ⲻѾܿôڸչ飬ҪǱºȻگͣһúõڼء
ߣӢҲ͢㻹ܵء˵һӡѵǻǰиģ
ӢǣҪߣְ͢ס˵ֵܣ˵ģҪǲҪҪҿҪȥȡˣĸ˽¸˵ˣ׼ı±ҵģ˵ҪϱӱҲŮǴСʶ̱ãŲְͰ͵ĸһѣڱ¸ǰ˵ĺûȻΪƾӱҵ˱µ⣿
⻰ӢЩˣν÷Ҳǰ˼ûеģֻ⣬СûǷѡ룬Сɶ¡¾ûаŰªϰƷڻʼʮѵõģȻҲӱɲóйأ粻ϲӱɿ»ǵλϰءעԵƷòŮһҲһ׮¡
͢㿴Ӿ֪׮ԵǳˣЦ⣡⣡ұ㲻ˣҲϵģúõΪ°£ֺһ˼ңҿ˵μҲүء
Ӣһʱŭ⣬ʵԶҲ䣿
㻹˵ҪóλãԶ䲻ǻǺＸ仰£λʲôֲǲ֪ŮˣҪ볯һλ빫ģڹɱ⣬Щ޹һᡢңͬϵȷһߣòҲȰţѹȢؼ˵
ӢﱾϰµģһԶ˾ɫȾָãͰǼ׵ȥˣʹʵ۲ҲҪȥ


136
үμҿɲô
ӽĸŮǰλѾޣյʻ䣬СĹŰ꣬ҪȰ֮λϳʱ䣬μҾԶ磬Ƕʮ࣬ʹܵȰ󣬰Ҳϣץסλᣬμʼϼ̧ͥξͳˣ
μұΪӢνңӲܳ͢ʱͻԶۣΪ¡û뵽ӢһӦ±˾Ʒְּĵڶվ͸Σֱμҵ۾ˣμҾͲòǰͺߵˣܹҪڻʵĿеӡա
λŻԶ۸ǰԣѲӢǸ˵һӡ˵䲻ھϵν¡Ҳ˳ͼӴ׵رһͨӢķ⣬ԶҲ֪ģֻǷϾ䲢δϾɫĴӢ˾ﵹǲʵԶ۶Ժ˵۲⽫Žɡ
Զ۰ڼ󣬲ϵ˹ȴ˸գԭ˵¹ȥˣԶҲǱ㾶ֱģԶһæԶЦ˹ȻͶѹֵѡʱһ۱Сӣߥѡ㡱
˵ЦˣܺᲢֻۣǳģ߶߶Žˡ
ˣҲ߶߶һ죬Ը⣿
ﻰʱѹΪ»ǵó檣檿ܳءȥʳִЩСĹ罥𣬲ҪЩģٶŴĹ𻨸⡣
Ӧȥ˲סЦ˭֪¹ż챻Ǽ̤ˣǻǷ޼ԶҲˣֻǿЦѲյ˵ǰ˲ŻعȲ裬еʱ䡣㲻ǲʳô⴫𻨸⣿
˵Ҳ֪ǲԵ֣Ҳͱһϲãϲ𻨸⣬Ȼˣഫһԡ
Ŷ޻ΪΪ޴ģԭǡŤͷ˵Ǻø˹ذҪúźǡ
æӦȷʵ۳檣֪ϱģϲԵףʳ¹ķ𻨸⣬˵ⷨӻصΪƵģԳҲѧһ£ճ׷죬ӣʲժĹ𻨣һɿڣȼǱĻóԡ
Զ۵ͷ𻨸زͬҲϲϱߵǡϵʿ
ǣǾϵݸʿڱΪ٣С游סڱݡ
ݡǸõط㸸׺ǡ
檸Ǳݸѧʿꡣ
ŶԣꡣԣǺǡ
æȰοǰô£ææļһʱǲҲǳе£˲ġ
˵ǣĪ˵ǰССһݸкö׷ӵأطĸδض壬µĳþ͸˵ˡ
ŶЩ£Ȥĸ˵˵ˣ࣬ʾ֮Ǵ½Ĺ˻߼˽һЩ飬ܸ˵
ЦҲûʲô£ֻǰո˷飬˵֮ǰܴڱѾҵĹӲӢʱʶ֪ٺܹѰһѺõãͽˣҲ˳õ˸檴ЩĸɹⲻҲЩﳢͼʡ˵ҲǼ£˵ٳգϲãЩΪҼվѵʦ̤ĺʲô;ª¥ݣҪҸ飬¥ܾ˸˵һӡڻšڻԺûкùԸΪ˵̾ϢءһúõĹӸ磬ΪһãԼȥˣ˵ЦЦ
벻ӢڻıĹ£˵һĳĳﻹĺԿأŽӢŶûڡɥ־ĸҺûţٳվٳհɣܱĳϾɫ߲ҵǿ
ԶһæȣԶ˵˵λܹӣ˵ҲڱһʱĲˣ¿ΣǱϽ
Զ۵˵ͷϵĸɹ˳˵˵ʶȣӢѷ͢һģҪ˵˳ᢣ͢㻹ȷʵǶһһ䡢һһͣǰѱģ
˵ţʳֵĹ½˼ģصؽڵĹ𻨸ԶǰΪ˺ɽۣ΢źԶ¹ǲһ磬乬ǾֵѯȥʱҲˣֱ¹
գԶ۶ڼ˵ǳϸɹ͹𻨸ȥˣŵóûյһնҵ巹˸գʮַ޿κΡҲǸϵ뵽ԼǰλİŲϵظԶ۴߷˵ӢĲǣ֪Щ߶߶ĻûиԶ»ӡ뵽ֵ˵λԼǱŷֳɵı˸ʵϺ˵ӡ󣬿ĶЩСආЩƽ
ԶЩ岻ǱЪˣֹ˼գ̫Щף̫ҲЩͷȵģԶæַ̽ӣ͹ܲϴˣǲӢԶٲöҪ
λ̫ˣҲɥӵģԶҪ̷øТĿʵף̫òأɲ֪ĺȻͶⲡüʱ²ˣǰּڹ̷ϾˣҲԶ۲˶ʮоź򣬻ּһӦ˵ȫի䣬Ϊλ̫
ף̫Ĳȴ𽥼أԶ޷ֻóϲһУȻԼʮֲᣬף̫Ѿ⾳أԼʵֵĶ²ʷٵ죬ҲǱ¶ڲӢԶѡһΪ
ԶķΧŨڴ˻£Զ۲ֹһ鷿ټԶ游־Լĸλǽ㣬Զֵõ򶨡ԶۼڶԴ䲻Ӣʤ̬ǫѷмѧҵŷ磬Ƕĺøн
Զ׼ּΪԶͻʱ尲ȴԶһԷķ糾Ůӵķ£ŮӻԶĺӣԶʼʸڷϣԹŮӺ¶̥ҩŮѪڵϦμҰѴʵԶ۱֪£ֻ½˼ϵѡĹŮ֪ǲǻеĹأ˻ƫͱ·Զˡ˻Ʋб¾Ȼڱ濴ʱǫѷԶϣԶ۶ʱŭɶֱ۾ɴѦkϸ尲µס


137
Ѧk尲֮ǰμɳɱ֣ͼŮڣɲ֪©˷ɱǱԷʱûŮӵ٣־ŭָʹһ˵ֱӰԷĸ裬˽ã̱ƹҪʳŮӵ䡣Էȥ¥գһƬưܣ뵱ݺ衢ŽγԱȡ
μ尲Ȩһʱ˭ҵκѦkֳֻʵ۷ڣ䱳оӪ尲ʮصĳң尲һڹԱҲҵֵѦkμңμˣΪ֮ΨһݣֲܣֱӰ尲öѦkӹܣǲŲʲ룬ѦkӮԶӮûйϵ
ˣûбعŵЭܴ粽УѦkǰ尲尲ǵĸĸ٣±عףŻÿԷſֽţһ鵽ף
ѦkжѸͣлδӦ㱻ϳ־ѣֻ˧ͨα֤ݰѴƵһ¡μҵһֶͷϣͼ͵Զֲϡ
ãѦkù˶ΪμҵǸֶŸϽ£ֶΪԶȻ־ٺôģַ绯ҲƵ㷣ٹظµ£ȻͰŮȢˣҲʲô˵£һ϶ѦkΪư٣ﶼЦδɲֻһΪμҲƨɵū͡
һĹԱĿɿڴΪ֮ˣѾʧٶյǰԷԺܹܣ˳ơү
һڹԱʼձһƻģѾԸ˸ϽȥбšѦk˻ۡǿ򶨰Բ˵Ļ棬ֻǷ̡
ԶʼŮӣԷɫ˫ĶŻ䳾
֮ϣԶתǿռ䳾һһʮؽ˳Զʹǿռ䳾󣬱䳾ʹթռ䳾裬˽½ԶıݸӢأؾԶʢŭ֮¶䳾Ű˭֪䳾ѻУԶŰ֮²ûסӣԼҲʱѪЩɥ˼ʿһǱԶıԷȳ䳾˲尲ҰֱѦk
غΪ֤˳尲ãָ֤ͥԶ¼䳾Ȼڳ˴¹ãɴԬʡպ尲ðڼӼԬԬཫõİɲӷ⣬ԳԶ
Զ۲Ȼŭָʾ½ԶѺٰ漰˽蹫õĺеһ
ף̫ӳأԶΪͲӢͻ飬ڵ¾ѡһգ͵ٰۡ˻޴
ף̫ǲزΣԶʮﲡţǰ飬ף̫ȵޡԶּ⣬Զ֣֮ף̫ɥԶϾˣжһ٣־֮ǧ˿ơ޲ֵϵѾԶ۵ǡ
һĵգһװӵĿʹڳ˺ͷҵĴһͬҡɴŮӣȻ﷫𺽣һͬʧãã˺֮ϡ
ٽĻ԰żҶĿͿʹȥеĴʯء
㣬ҵ˵䳾˳ָ֤Զܹ׮Եˡ
͵һӢɡ䳾վҲΪңҪģԲܹأ׮Եģ䳾ģϣܹӲҪ䳾һģЯְͷ
Զ尲ôŮӣø䳾һеʶǣԶҲе죬ֻײ̫ްų͢⣬ӹһ٣ǿϧ
ʱδˣԶµ˵ʱ򡣾һ£ҲμҾ֣䳾Ҳһֻ䳾ѵԲ˺ӣ⺢Ӻ޹ôԶش
Ҷ֪ʼնԼ֮¹ڻԺѵУת˻˵ӦңҺԶ֪ģĸԣ²Ǵô򵥣䳾Ҳѱ
˵ͷŴãã˺˼
ϣ䳾ȥƽ˳졭
ģаŵ˴ҵ˽ӦǣӦ֮ңȫӻǣ㲻Ҫ̫ġˣ֮ǰ˵ȥ尲ƹ̩˵£㿼ǵˣж̩ڣȻԶºҲǳŲ˶ãƾҺ壬ĺмܡ㣬õľ̲ŻɲҪôװ˷˰
ͷ˼Ҷ岻ֹһϣȥƹ̩˵飬ǾôºԼ֪ԼܲǰռЭʱǰţһֱûдӦ
ѦԶ۱ԾѦвҪΪǰˡĹѦкҶ׼ѾڳԶ۶˸ӷ˶ϲ̩˵ֻѦ൱СµѦȻʤһ̩˿мܺеַ
Щ£ףֻǡ
㣬㻹ǷŲС׼𣿵Τ֪ꣿ
촽һҲ˵Τ֪ƺҶ׼˵͵ԵʽķޣкʸķǷҪ
ˣ׼ζ쾭ģ֪ǭе󣬱¶зͣĵλֻԽԽȹ̣ҲΤǣƴ׼Ҫ˲޷֮ʵٶȶͬ˹ϵЩҿҵ˵ġ֮Բȥ尲Ϊ
ΪѦȣ㻹Խľ壿
ʵ̫ʹ࣬˵˷Ϳ˷˵ġҲڲˣҺһ֮
Ҷ˵ͷ뿪ߣԻ԰Ʋˡһ԰Ҷ׼˳֮ʱ͸춼Եζֻ뷨ʵ̫ƣѦгһաҶ㳣ԣο
λԶһֲòͣΪٻƽһأǲף̫ްź󲻾ã̫ҲʼˡԶ޷ֻټӢҪΪ̫ҵһ御춨һ£һΪ̫ϲΪһδ̳ˣʮȴǶһˣĻҲ̫һ׮ĲԵǰ˵ʵڲϡ
ʥּһ£ʿòɽӦگ˳Ҳ˽ȥǸ޵֮ˣǸ۲۵ĺݽɫӵ治ɫغʦԪһı۵׼סֺһбɼһߡһص尲ɳҵʿԷưܺѾ޴⵽ƣò뿪尲֪µʱѲ֪١


138
ǶҲ֪ȥ̫丮һȻȥӣɸȴ˹Ϊҥԡչ⾰ȫ¶Ƕ尲ġˡп飬ˣȰο֮ôô˵
Ҷ׼ڳϱ麫һѦкҶ׼̫¾Ӫǽܣڻ̫²岻ȥˣ죬ǴŻָʹʷ̨ڳϲΨףΪֲ˾ԱҶΪ̫Ϊ̫Ҫ١Զ֪ҶһƲʲôˣȻʷ̨ˣҲøЩϴ󳼵⣬ѵҶ׼һҶ͵ԭְ
Ҷ׼Ǹǽͷһƥһӻ³ص̫¾ͷһͨƢҶ֮ǰˣ̨ΤӦʱϷѦѾǿˣֻ£޵ļʲôʿֲΤӦʱѰĲǣ
³ظȥȺȲ壬ƽһ˭֪һظغҥԣ뵽֮ǰԷн£жãƺ;ҲȥˣֱӻԼĴá
δţ˵岻ʣҶ׼ԸһСʳƺ;ӣǲñ˵˰ѷ˶ˣҶ׼šüоЩ²˳죬صҲûһͰֲ跹Щŭ
Τ֪һԸȥгһɿڵĺθڣҶ׼һŭʢؽһĵϣŭҶ׼һǺ˵ң
Τ֪Ҳֻգһﲻ
ţҶ׼Ȼʵ˵ΤҪеһλ˵Ӣأ֪£
Τ֪һͷѰ˼һ˵üײδϸ˵Ӧȷд£ֳӢҲǼүС޸ֳϼء
Ҷ׼̧ͷţû˵
˴뾩Ϊ̫̳棬䶼볰Ц˵ʿôЩóЦ鳰Ц֪Ƿɣ̳̫ľͷȷʵһ㣬˵ˣθҲЩ
Զ۴ϲҲô˻Ϯɽ֮£Զδŵȴ΢Цף˵ǼգĿЩ׼ˣ˶ԶۿָܻگһϮҲԶ⣬Ѧkߺȱ尲һְӦþؽһ̳֮λ
尲Ӫ˼ʮ꣬ʵСǰԵ֮£ҽر㱻˵ˣҪٳɽҵҲͳ˳иĶһŮӶѣ˭ûأֻҪҪ˵һһҲͣЩΤ֪֪Լ»ҸӣҲٹЩ͢ˣƺֻ⡣
ҳԱˣ԰ɡ
Ҷ׼䲻һ仰ϯȥЩȻɿΤ֪һȻӣҲ˵ʲôֻܸż
Ҷ׼߽ƺ;ӵǰԺһߵˮòˡϵݣٲҪǰȥӰӣ˲پʱİöˣҶ׼ò٣һʰãӿһ⡣
Žȥž龯Ҷ׼ȴϣӻֽȥҶ׼ţһֱȵһˡ£תȻҶ׼Ѿվ࣬Щȡ
ʲôʱģôҲ裬Ҷ׼ŻЩ۵Щãһƽͣڸգײᶯᣬز跹˼ᶯ治֪Է˾кν飡
ôҲԣһԺ˸УҶ׼յװµʵ
ûʲôֻЩġߣҲʶ֪ڽһԿԧ죬һһЩ˻
ߣӡӵĹӡ
΢΢ؿЩʵôˣ
һֱŤ벻ȻΪһɵҲЩãлֲأ治֪Щʲô
⸮һٶˣ⸮ﴫҥܵ⴫ҥҲ˵㻹ʵӦ͵˵ѾҶ׼ýȢӣѼ֮ˣѵӦüһЩ𣿣˵Լϵ˺ۣڵģôͲܼˣ
ʶԼϻмֵӡİ̺ۣ˵£˰ɣһ²ͼ͵ҼزΪʲô飬ΪԷʱ࣬䲻¶ܶܲˡ
Ǿ˶壬룿
Ҷ׼䲻ôһ䣬Щ㵣ؿӦνӻҶ׼ԶԵӣӷƣ顱һصӣȻߣѲ֪Ե
žһ̵ҪӭײŭȥҶ׼֮еıյ̵Ҷ׼ײ÷׷Ӧأѵһ죬ƬĽžһæվһԣҶ׼˳ȥ
Ҷ׼뿪һžŻعãȻ˽ʵС㡭ôˡ
ƽؿŵϵĴŵƬκ˵ž飬ǡʱ뿪Ƿ֮ذɡ
պ
Ҷ׼У˵ǳ޺δȥʡףҪһ尲̽Ҷ׼Ҳûţ˼еؾˣֻ˶ž̩˹Ļձ˳̡
Ҷ׼Ȼβ棬һ·ͳ˳ţʧڹٵϡ
ͬеѦпһ΢΢įӣ̾˵ǺαأΪǵ֥С£ҲֵôֱŤ
Ҷ׼촽Ĭ˺һ˵ֻϣ˭֪ôǿ
ֻϣûô򵥰ɣ˵ΪѦȵǱԷ˲᣿
˲ᡱΣҶ׼šü
Ȼ
μҴԷ쳭ٶоͰһ¼˸λ̴˲ᣬ޾ϸͺˡʼʱص㣬ȵȣӦǾǡĶ֪¼ġڡʱģһһҲ֪˭֣Էһ£Լܸ֪Լ¡
Ǳ˲ᣬȻʦ굥صļ¼Ҵ١ѦͻҶ׼Ȣλ˾ǹ⽫˲й¶Ҷ׼Ҷ׼¶š
Ѧ˾֮ģ·˽֪ѦжЩС⣬벻ͨǣΤ֪ǸˣҲҶ׼֮ìܵѵˣȴҶ˵ì޶áˣҶǡɡ棬Ҷ֡ǡɡնο״оûΤ֪Эº


139
Ҷ׼Τ֪ĹϵҲ΢ʱǲҪΪãѦתҶ׼˵ֵܣû㣬Ѧȶɣλ˲صסһʱزסһ˵˶Ů⣬ѦȿһֱǻɲҪСʧ󣡡
Ҷ׼üһ˵尲ܲȳ˸ΣգҪꡢҪˣҪҲס˵һ˦뿪˳ͷ
ûʱ尲
Ҷ׼յ尲ҵĴ飬̹ϣͬЯǱ̨̫ˡ
һ̨ˣҶ׼ҵĹӦϵģвԳ͢ܡⱾ̨ˣָ̫¾ƽ׼ҵģ尲̩ŴαΧˣڴڱһֵסⱾ̨ˣһ̽ݾ賯͢ġƿȣȱʲôʲôһţ̩Ȿ̨ˣ۶׬Ǯ
Ҷ׼᲻ܿ࣬ԣʱģһǧСģ尲ȷϰȫٴ򿪡
һֱ֪ʲôֱԼҵɱΧס
Ҷ׼ֽ飬߳˱˫΢˽й¶͢ܣڹ̹ᣬ̩һ³飬̩˱ˣѦСǰׯZ磬ȵȣһ⡭
̨֮ʮֻܣ̨֪£ۻ֪οԼ֪
ڲ䣬ˡ
ǣǸˣ˭
Ҫܼ򵥣ó̫λӣټΡ
Ǻܣθڶʹ㡢˵ãֽسãΡԴһֱɽͷ벻ôͺ尲ҹˣͶʷӵҶ׼θڡ
ɺȷʵǲСͣһ̫λãׯZ粻ʱ⣬ʱһ̫£ѦеĿľӪΪѣˡ
˼ڤ֮䣬Ҷ׼Ȼһһ̼ٿȻʵԷȥ
еƿԷţΤ֪ϵһ㣬ֱֱվͥԺе
Ҷ׼촽ɫ࣬һűֽҧʵô£
Τ֪˫ǣһУֻǴػصԲ𡭡Ψһİ취ȻײŹңҲŹ
˵һᰲ뿪ôô
ҵȲˡĺӣ
ʲô˵ʲôҶ׼Ȼס૷ʡ
Τ֪ˮѾۿȴĲã֪ˡԴҪЮҡҶ磬ǱµĴͻ飬Һµͬ۾һ·ˣһˣǵĺӣҲˡ
Ҷ׼˫ü˼һŻ˵㸸ףҲˣ
ǡԹϵس㲻һĸסҶ磬ϧ᲻᲻øеĺӡԲ𡭡˵Τ֪ĵعڵأ
֪ӵ𣿡
Τ֪ҡҡͷһ뿪͵ҲûΤ֪ˣеһУǴһ
ʱҶ׼û·ΤӦʱԼ˹ͬˣﻹм֮
áʣΤҪô
ǡԴ˶Ȼ󡭡һӣ⿪ҵĻϵҶ磬֪ΪѣǣĿǰûиõķˡ
ߡ벻Τܵҵ·ˡ
ʵ͵Ļý⣬Ҫôʵ۽Ҫôһ룬񼲣ȷʵһѵķӣְԽˡ
ʱҶ׼ûеڶ·ߣΤӦʱûи̫ʱ䣬ʱ̫丮ûдԴϢͬǷ̨ˣϻڴ
Ҷ׼ӹö˵¯ҩС
Ҷ磬׳ŵҩ˺ֻǻҡýҩ֢״ɢ
Ҷ׼Լںģأ
ʱһг䶨׻ġ
ȻѺʣ
Ҷ׼ս˫ȭǿԼҪŭϾΤ֪ҲǿˣΤӦʱһöӡ
ҩЧҶ׼ȻѪֱֱص
Զѣ̳æ̫µ౨Ҷ׼˸Ѫԡ
Ҷ׼彭ܹ˽֪ƵҲţֻǲⲡ֢ѸͣԶ۵Ƽ̫丮̽ӡ
ҳһţΨеĸΤ֪껹򶨣Ҷ塢ѦеҲһǣװӣҽַһҡͷšüڳܡԶŽҶ׼صʵͷ̾Ϣ˺һӣٻعǰΤ֪Ҷ׼һ֪ͨ
պҶ׼ѣȴ˿Զٴΰڼ̫丮мҶ׼йµζ͢͵ؽҶ׼Τ֪ĻȻϢΣҶ׼̫䡭
һеİǿ͵ԳΪ˳˰֮ʢ̸ʣԴҶ׼˼ˣõĻصҶլʱ䶼أɷҶ壬ҪΪˡǣҶ׼λ˾ʹ˲֪գ˵ޱͬ񣬴ͷԷɡɷǰŲԴӵĺűʧ٣δҲ̫һЩ˵Τϻ尲ϼҵģ˵˹ϵ˵ģ˵Ѿ˸֦˳Ȩĳ檵ġһ㣬ΤϺ϶ˣȴǰʵ
мҶЩҥܣԿüչӣæȰˣĪҪЩо֮ͽǺ޲˶ϷϵĽǶأҪǵģ۵ӻ粻أ
ǲȰԴģúðⲡˣϲᷢ¡
ˡҲ֪˵ЩʲôãʵγģҶ׼ⲡ֢͵ʱıһģһ˵ǻ˶ʱɼһԶӿ˳ԴôĺȥأȻҶҲᵽҩʯĵز
Դ˵ε˲βС׼ӣʹڣҲ޲ߡǣ㾿ȥˡûе尲ҲڳˣԵ£ϲΪ˺С׼ļָߵˡοС׼ز֮½֪ʹǸߣҲļٵظϻǡ
ˣǵҶΣգ
㲻ãѦЩҶҳô£ĸԣͳ֮ˣ񣬾ͬʧһ㣡
ˣôһ˵ԾҲǡ
Ҷ죬ԼҴҵ뿪м


140
ҹӰѦλ尲ǽıԷ
ƺᳵ·ܿ㷢λլӺԺİҡΪ׵˴˼أҴŻ򿪣ƻͨݣ±˰ʮŴ󺺣Ȼֱҵĺá
ֻͶž˫˫ѺηǾͷãӦûʲôǰӽնҪߡ
ſң˭
ЩδرηӲԸ뿪
ˣҡ
ѧϣ
Ͷž־ϲæ˱Է
ѧϲиһֱʮغͣͶžһ¡
ѧϺѧѵѸٵﻻװ̵ͨ·ѧѵߴ±ߵ٩벻겻֣ѧǫӻʳŲʦ̵ʮ궼ͨһ£Ǹ廨ͷпáѧúõĲҸ
ѧѵУѧֳ˳䣬ŷӦž˵أСѧǫģǡЩ£ΪҲ֪ѧִҡѧѵҪ֣žǰֻա
λѦ磬С㻻·ˣǹ𣬺ȿˮɡ
Ѧ磿ô˼⣿ĪǲˣôƺѧϵıôƺңǴСһ𳤴ģңҾ
㣬ң˵С㣡
ӴôƲϵСӳԿ
žѧѵôһ٩Сʱͨ죬һűתȥˡ
һɫʻķ򲻶ԣǻس˵·ʵѧϣȥģس𣿡ʧһЩʱգ׼õˣֻЩ
ѧϳĬһ᷽˵طˣҶ˲ڳˣҲһ尲֮ǰסǼԷأȥ
׼ҲˣﻹںԼԼģ뵽ӿ˼ָ𣬱ӣ˻ȥ
صԷһ·Сܣʱ˿ֻ˵Ҷ׼ĻֻҪģԸǸʹΪԼûʲô
㣡
Ҷӷ˳ǰסæĽŲ
壡Ҳˣ̫ˡ׼أǲڷҵ𣿡
Ҷü΢޳Ľëգ˼£֪˵ʲôáĿģҪôڣ˵ȥѪɫԲѵҶ׼ܾܵסͻĴ
壬ôˣ鲻ԣ⡱һ¡
㡭ȱ𼱣˵С׼塭ƺǾɼˣǰ尲ҽžʱģȻɫãݵġ㣡
δҶ˵꣬˫֣ܽ˷
׼
ɫɷס˿Ҷ׼˶ˡŷֱգôᡭ޴룬عҶ׼رߣǣ֣ĦԼա
׼ôˡһˡ
㡭Ҷ忴ᣬֲ֪ôȰοүүһ㣬̫ġ
Ҷô˵˲ᣬǿӡ
Ǿɼȫ󡭡壬׼Ϊʲô
Ĳ֪С׼ȻѪˣΨһһѪպֻͱ½˼䣬ֻ˹ȥ
Τ֪أմڴ׼ߣ˲֪ܸ֪һЩɣ
ԴС׼º֪һﲻС׼㲻֪ˣǸ֪ȥ
˵ţžʱæϵæóһӡ
˲ж
˳ԾжҶ׼ôж
žʱôһ˵æٸһһôһ˵ȷʵж󡭡ǣж֮ˣһ㶼ɫڡ촽ϡ֫Ӳ𣿴׼ȫ
˵٣ԭĶҩԳԡũݡʹ䵫Բڣ֢״Ȼ࣬ˡɽɽǧ治УͺĶȴһɱƳɣ䶾вߣж֮չֳ֢״ǧٹ֡֡ҿҶˣ涾ˡ
үүⶾܽ𣿡
žʱšüҡҡͷˡϷܡ֪ǺζҩҵǿŰⶾҩ䷽ȡˣ֪䷽ҵƵİ취
֮ϣֶ֮Դ׼֮ǵģֻһˡ
㣬˼ǣѦȣ
бˣȥ˵žҪţæ¡
㣬ŻգҪȥ
Ѧһֳֵ룬ֻҪܾȴ׼ʲôԸ⣡
ҶˣҪ֪ʲôδһҪү
ѧϴһ˵ĿⶼͶϣѧѵĦ˼ʵָѧǫºѣѧǫǸӱĲУҵмֹҵķǵ˲죬ݾߣ
ô֪үѾպݳѦүѧǫҲδػĲѧǫв⣬˺ͬھǣлүţ
ѧ˵žҪţſȴһ˶ס
ž顭˾㵡
ȥ
ž飬㡪
ұʣѧǫ㡢ѧѵδػյֵ֮飬ҡٻм⡭Ȼڱ֮ϣѧǫҲ˴ʧˡ仰žû˵
ž顭ҡǣ֣֪˵ʲôã֪ѧǫ
С㣬ʲô˵ˣžСģ񲻹ΪүС£ֵʲôС㣬ǧҪ̫ģнİ취ģ
˶ͶˣҶն˷ѧϺѧѵѧǫžӴ˳Ǳల£ѧǫܲӣѧϺѧѵ֣ҲáҲգֻǶϲٻصѦߡ
գ粽ƵҶ׼ߣҲҪžź򣬶žֻ뿪˵ķ䣬׼ط˯
վҪжˣҲԳߣžСԺⲽѰ˼ռѧǫ˵ЩʲôѧϢ󣬵һΰôþö᲻÷ſ
ôˣžЩ΢΢˰ѧϡ
ҿ׾˵ûѧǫѧʶҲûãȻҲŮϲԴүʶҶ˺Ҷۿ㡭ϲʲô
ɵϣϲϲڵĶô˵ҿɲѧǫ㳤úá
ԴС˵ҳó󡭡˵վү߶Ӱү󡣡
ɵڱ޲㡭˵ЩżĻжϽأ
޲ߵġ
ԣֻôž˳ؿ
ѧϿŶžֵǵӣЦЦ׽ס


141
Ѧпѧϵķɸ봫飬šü˼ѦkߺȲ߿ָؽڣôҲ벻ѦҲһţǽͷݵıԽڲˡ
磬ʵΣ׼ж֪겻ǶԵɶû£մΤҡѦȣӦѾˣѦ˵ڳϢҪ֪ͨѧϺѧѵº֣
ΤӦʱͺȷʵǴˣѦȲáѦȲǸ̰ͼӬͷ΢ǽͷݣҵֻһѣ̫࣬οΤֻϺҲ֪̫ࡣѾ̫£һҪ׮ׯZˣλҪְ϶ǺһҪˣZ尲ţ尲ҽѾָ˲ԪװⲻׯΣˡ
Ѧһ˵ѦkҲšüͷа취סׯ
ҲûУˣׯԺݵ
Ҫҳ棿ѡδȣѾˣΪׯðա
ͦ˽ɡ
ǡǾ֮Ѳµģ
ˡֻʣһ˿ɱˡ
˭
Ѧתһǰ
Ѧkڶյֶʱס
žȻѧǫҪ˹ؼϢѧǫѦȱϾģζûнҩȴ˵˶ҩ֣õĴ߻ɢд˶ߣϢһձһ٣Ѫһձһ֮Ϣȫޣ졣
ȡϢžʱһ̶иҹϢƽҩ
ã˴جģ̫վûɻϲ御
Զ۰ճգٹ־
λ̫ӵҲæãæ̫ɥºԶڹб嵭իӵܾһۣҲȨΪ̫顣
ɥ޾ƣҲٸ̸ۣеϢԶҲߣ̸ʱ뼸λֵԼ뼸λ̫ദ£鵽Ũʱʡ
ݵѻԼֵܽҲûʣˣԶ۲ǰȺͶȥ뵽ǰĸӳ˹¶ĸΪͻ鶼ܣרŸһyouranshuodaoȵӸѯ˺Щճӵ¡
ǰϯл˵ף̫̫ȻݺȥǰΪˣҲ˺úóлΪɥ͵˲ǣˡӱҪ䣬֪׼ǲ׼
ǰ˵ﻰ۹ͱӦģ⼸հ˹ȣ˴£Һңϴ޿̫ͣɥڼй֮ˣҪϸģ޹Ŀ֮һ͡
£ǰȻ˵̣ɱ̫ׯׯˡɥ֧ޣҶ볯粻෬̵㣬Ҳȫ
⻰ޣׯһھƽ׼ϣΪֵ˲ѹּ⣬ׯʹ̫享顢Ѧͬȣٶٺһ£ʹ
æӦ¡
ǰƵµغ˿ӸΣ
ȱϣѦڹŵǰǼݡǰŮţֽѦУѦȤһϳǰͬУһѦԼŮ˼ʹͬУҲɡ
ɰˣӳ٣˰ɣ
ţ񰲾ˣǶ˰ɡǰϧĦͷ۳硣
ӳ֮󣬿˸ĸ˫ȫܻᳳҪģǡ
Ѧ˸òٵԸ⵱˰ɣ
ﻰԶĵֻǡkǲǲƽܸ֪Ȩ
Щ¶ȥˣʲôǡ˳ĵĵҪˣǸ԰ðɡ
ǰˣϵįڶڲסѦпȴҲ޿κΣȻһټ֣Ҳٶ˵ʲôׯ֮£һҪлл㡣
ǰչü΢Ц֮ͣҳݡ
˵ţȻСҪѦбѦпɰģҲˣæְ˹ٸ߸߶ģЦţžĵ·һͭЦ
ѦkСֵֻЦָ΢΢ף򴽲
ʱһţžʱΪҶ׼ƳĽҩȴԲУۼҶ׼Ϣһһ΢ҲһһأѾĴ㡣
ʱѵţȻ뿪ԷϿͷҲصʧҹɫС
ѦֱͨԼĶ䣬һ·СܱլۡĴţڼһ̣ڳǡ
ˣ벻ôˡǡ
ѦȣҩңʲôӦ㡣
ߣңʲô̬ȣ
ƣҲǰŲҡ֪ûȤҶķܣܴеõٺô
Ѧɫ֪ͣ۶жϣһڻ˵ˣ롣
򶨵߽լӣ΢⣬һһʵЮҵˣҵİһʲô
㶼֪ô֪
Ѧȣ㲢޴Юҵɱֲ¶ʮˣʶһ޴ŮӣҪô󹤷ǰộֻ˵һ£ǾǣҰĶҪǱõֻɹʧܡ㣬ȴʲô֪۷һѾ֪˴׼еǴ߻ɢԭдҩ˲࣬ҲôܲãһȥǱ¶ˣʱЩѻ᲻ᱣ㣿
Ѧȭǿ򶨡
Ѧȣֻõңȴı͢ٵ㲻ã𣿡
ѦȺȻŭָҾΪ˵õ㣬ٰĥҶ׼ӱȥ
裿Ҳ֡ǰѧѵѾŴ߻ɢؾѦkѾ֪ȥkʲôˣǴ䣡Ϊԭ涾ж٣һ˳ϲȥ㻹ص˶ãΪһҲңˣֵ𣿡
㡪
ѦȣҪ㣬ҾͻȥŪߵǼʲôѱҵ涼ûֻ֪ΧһŮ˶Ȧӣ˻ӣ
Ѧ֣һƣȴûж߽ҧ˵ҽҩֻд׼֪Ǽʲôȴ׼һ㣬Ӧ涼Ҫ
Ҷ׼ңǡ㵱С𣿣
ûѡ񡭡㲻ǼʲôȻҲѧǫȥ̽ѧǫ٣ͱһˣôˣѧǫɲһǰûУѦȣԼװɵǣʱɲˣ
㡪
ѦȻŭֻ߸ȴǻط˵Ķԣǰ˲ǰŹǼٶ࣬ҲԼһ˵ԼѾ϶͢ٵѦkķݣôµͣԼ޷ϸ֮£ô㣬ĶԼ


142
îʱžȷˣôϴˮתȥˣѧһѷȥǣڣΨһȥĵطȻѦȵıԷ
ѧҪҶȴԶԶУһϮµ̤
㡭㣡
ҶСܹȥǰ㷢¶ʪüϵģ֪Ǻ飬¶ˮҶоһƬ΢΢Щţʵ㡭㻹𡭡ʲô
ҡҡͷóһֻ״ƿΡΡصݸҶ壬õˡ׼оˡ
ѦιȻţպҶ׼˫ۣϲǰʹ޳
Ҷ׼еףΤӦʱԼѹһҲڴʱҶ׼֪öµνҩʲô񵤣ѦȵĶҩΤ֪겻ẦΨһĿǣΤ֪Ҳƭˡ벻ΤӦʱ˺ݶԼŮô˲飬Τ֪긹еĺӣΣˣ
֪أҶ׼ʵ
벻ȵĵľȻΤ֪꣬ﲻһԴףֲ¶˺һ˵ˡûл尲ϼңҲûлعϵ֮Ƕ֪ȥ
˵ıܿˣҲٸ֪ΤӦʱӦǰȫġҶ׼һ뻳ıȫ΢һǺ¼ˡ
ģҺˡ
سס½ؿڣ¶ȡǿֻȷţȻԼҶ׼׼Ҫ뿪ˡ
Ҳ뿪ˣԲ𡭡ҵĴҲû㡭
ңʲô
Ҷ׼ҪͣȻ顱һ죡
ѭȥֻѦȺݺݵƿ˷ţһһٵ˽ضˣһЦˣԷķ£׮׮¼ڲᣬ˵Ҷڻʲôǡ
ֱֱؿҶ׼ɵԷ˲᣿ʲô˼
ˣҪ𣿺Ǻǡ
ұ죡Ҷ׼ͦӣץͷҩ룬Ѧȥ
顱ҩҵѦԵԲƬĽ
ѦҪѣѧ£˿һϾѧϣ֪ԼƵֲκκôֻǿѹŭ½ŭˣӦҵ϶֣򣬱һɢ
Ӧʲô
ȻȷǼʲôԣתʱҲԣһ仰µȣƿءѾµ**֡

׼һн֮ҲǱµĳӣôأ
Ҷ׼һᣬᣬǵ˵ͷ
ʱѧһֽύѦȣ˵үĶҶ˿䱳УСдģûûӡţóȥ˵˭Ķԣ˵˭Ҳԣȥ£Ҳϲ˳˭֮֡㣬ҾѡĬνơЩС
ѦԴ򿪾ῴ˿ʲôæջأһѧϺͷ뿪
Ҷ׼ſϣֱѦʧתط߱̾ϧˡΪ̩ðһգɵͷȫ˺С̩˵ùˡ
Ϊ£˵ΪύУǸ߿ˡ
Ҷ׼ؿбۿŶҷˣ˽
ѡԸδʶ
ԼЦôˡԼһͲˣѵԼʱ˵ʲôҶ׼ͷԣֻñ첻
ѦƺĽˡơ飬ǫ̫̃˺ͬʧһ㣬û죬ҲҶ׼˵֮УļСˣ˿Ҳñ˹ϷԼļȵ棬ҲΨֱ˵棬ʹ˵Ҳ֪ҪԶˣȷһʺơ
Ҷ忴Ҷ׼žʱҲõҶ׼ӣֻҪϸӵ඾ƺܿɾÿ쿴Ҷ׼˼ѦУǡѦ˴߹ļ飬Ѱ˸ͷʰ˳ˡ
Žű㱻Ѧн˸ţȻˣҶһû˭ֱԷ˻ҪѣһϤϢڰġ
𣿡
С׼㵱֮ҵĵһ仰ѯ
ǡҪѾ˵ˣһʲô˵𣿣
ѦƺЩŭһս
˵
˵𡭡ѦһȻͷס
ҶʼϲҲȷʵýֲ븥ˣٲţֻѣ京˵С⡭ڴϡ
ʲô
ᣬҶ彥ڻص
ʻķƺԣǡȥ
УΪʲôҪѾǿүȥ𣿡
λ̫Ĺɥѹʦ鿪磬һ¹ˣ²ˡ
⻰˵ģƺһ˿ζҶ忴ӣʵҳѧԶ֮Ĺʦ
˸´߷磬˵ĵһʿָͨͨŸ͡ʹˣһʹʧˣĻ䣬зͿʱвޣˡ
֮ⷬΪʲô
ϴΪׯһʱ鼱ǰˡ
ѦеɫȻҶս֣첻˵
ϯ֮ϣｻǰһҪһҪӦƵƵƵͣЩֱۣȰ˺üƣ¾κֻȰиӦտһϯȥ磬Ѿơ
ǰߵԶƽ̨ϣʱֵݷͳɫʢǰھףǿҵķǰ˼ǧµĻ۰Լĸĸֳа䱦һʱǺĿġ֡ټĳֻʣԼֳԼֻߣһˡ
ǰ˫ᣬȴǿŲԼ޳ʱȻ뵽Ц
ԣԼȻһԼѪĺӣΨһѪףӣһŦⱲӣһңңǣҹ˴ڿԷԼ˼ԼȥһˣǸˣһѪйܵĹϵǣֲòΪңԶİˡ
Ҳ֪Լʲôʱס嵽±ߣԼһ̡ҲܣǣԼţϦҹĻһ̡ҲпܣǺųһ̡
ϵ׽ȴôİİϢ벻ΨһӡģҲⱲ̹ģʯԨéջݵһ


143
ǰ΢˫Цһᣬջǻ˻ͷǿԼѹ뿪һˣ֪ӻ᲻᲻Ӧֵϯһˣô죿뵽ǰæͷҴҵظϡ
ϲתײһӵĻ˳סҪǸɶԷƺûзſ˼һ§
ſң
ǰЩŭӳ࣬˴ϵʱ̣ǹӰȻ¶˳
˽ſҾź㣬
ǰæ˼Աļź㣿˭ȷԼδ֡
񣬷Ǳû·ðˡ
ǰתҪ뿪źȴûҪõ˼ɫֱͦصصǰǰ
㡭ǰЩ죬̧ͷ̧ۣͷ֮ʱ
ÿһա
ǰ֮ˣ׿ݡĿ⾼ʮһλεӣ
ǰԼ˫Щ΢΢̣ź㸣Ҫߡ
ź㿴˻ıӰսʱȻſ˵¡
ǰס˽Ųȴûлͷƺ˼ЩʲôҲƺǣЩ֪롣
ź㾶ֱǰȥ΢΢ǰĺ󱳡
̫ˡĺһˣ籡ԼľǰЩ٣ƺЩˡ
ź֣ڱ󻺻
ǵľ룬̫ˣ
ǰȻԣԼڿĿҪѡ
ǰȻһǿѹŭĺ
ǰһæ뿪źȻ̧ͷȥ

ֻѦkŭشɷ˵һǰԼŰױź㣬һһʵŴˣעִ磬ǰλǵǰЩİܻк죡
ǡΪһ˿սǰģĸˣ̵ðɵò΢ֱȥԼ¡
ź΢ۿһѦkȨһǰָǣиˣԵٻᣡ
ѦkԶתһץסǰ˫ۣ˵֪ϣ˼ƣмƣźʲôˣ־һǶļ֮˶֪˶ŮѵҪʷϱһʣ
Խ˵Խ֣Էͻ˶ѣѵȦ𣿣ʲôˣ
ǰһŭߣҧ˵Ҵûȥ˱ε֪ʲôˣҺڴżʲôûżʲô˵ʹҺʲôѦʲôˣ
Ҳ
ƾʲô
ƾˣ
Ѧkŭڣɥʧǣ˵һ§סǰԼȻѸٵͷǿĴ
ǰ־ŭĵӿһɽߺ̰ôˣôõķѵˣǰһƬ磬֪Ǹƿǰì෴ѦkȴƶҪһ㣬ԽԽ§˫ԽԽʧص󱳵·Ϻݺݵѹ˼ۺۣ
ǰԽԽ磬ѵΪԼˣƾͷˣ
ȷʵһܺõĽڡ͵ԼǺ˰ɡǰ˫ۣľ
ܵǰĻӦѦkһϲݣսǴƺļžСſѾõĸء
˲֪ãǰúЩֻܲʵļѦk⣬ɿ˫ۣŻﴭϢŮˡᡭֽ§˻
Բ𡭡
ǸղţӦ
ǰȦҡҡͷҺûʲô
ڽͣǲ˵ں
Ѧk㣬ɡֻƬ̣ҲҪúø´桭
ὥβǰѦkȺϯ͢ɻѦkϯѾƵʱеã񿴵Ⱥϯò⣬ǲԾǰķȥֻǰرŮιʳƺδʲôջԼĿ⣬ǷΪѦkơ
һǰһҶȻΨг̾һ֪ˣαص
Ѧšüֻͣû֪ʹ֪Ҳûãǰҵǰޣkǰɩʹ޹ϸ⳾׵Ҳܽϡ
˵˵ȥĴ
ѦпЦãҵĴǰҪȢģǱȢģkʶҲҰŵģǴɻģôҵĴ
ӺݣŮӺ̡檶ԣȢ˭Ȣ˭ŮһзˣҪôҪô͹¶һ̫ƽˣ
Ѧæס֣οʲô㿴ڻǺʹ׼һǰԷkݣٴһλкѣź㣬ʹŻᣬȥ𣿡
ˣź㡭㲻˵ȥıô
kȥˣһȥʲô
ҶȻѹ˺ȻɫԼһĲ߻ĺʢûյԤڵЧװҲŭɣ
ʱ̣ϯɢˣ˷飬Զ۱˷žҪȥ޵ģ˼˵󣬾ɢȥһ㣬ſھͺˡź֪Ĺǲиæת̣нӹԶۣ¹ȥ
ͷŵһŭźϣһص޹ѵһͨ˵ѳһƤңǰԹ㲻˵Լǡʥ֡
źϾǲɻ߷ɡתǧأҲû˵֨֨˶Ըղ׮µĻѦkǰʲôϵ
ź˵Իӣ˱֪ûԼѵȥ˦ʲôϵɩϵǻ˵Ĺϵһ͸𣿣ͷԵ﾿ʲôúõмƶˣԺôǰ
ɩϵź߶߶˴ϣаһЦˡô©һ㡭ǡ
ź㣡û˵ĺԺ޻벻Ҫˣѵ˱ϼʲôƨʿżҺòΤӦʱȨҪָ˭֪һ飡ɳİɣѵҪȥͽǸܵʦ־λûǴʲôô
ԺƷ٣ź㻹ûҪôɽȳɽҪһҵ΢ۣ»߶߶ˣת뿪˿һĿ˵ӣʱᣬû˵Ҳֻ˻ȥ
պźǰſڣԼİ
ŷ˹ֻŵһСżƮݵĴ֡Ժޣ˱ź㡱ȫֻ⼸֣ûݻ̽װѣҲûʮ˴򵥵һֽŷԥҪҪͣӦ˳


144
̽ӵ鱨Ѿÿ춼ʱš
ź㰵ϲǰӦҾӦź㡣
Ӧ֪չϵ£ź˼־裬ǰ岻ʣͣߡ
ź㵹Ҳת뿪ֻǣڶգʱˡһգÿ׼ʱŰˡŷǲýҲŭǫغӦкרݻӦһ㡣
ӦǰѾߣСģʲôûǰǰΡŻѦУźֹĲݰѦЬ䣡źʹͣҲǵͽӣ뺳ֺ۱
ӦˣߵСѾͷǿɲ
ǰľͼǲɢˣֻĵļֵģǽٺģøǼ桢˵ĿˡӦɰСbukѾͷС񣬱ܿź硣
ǰżǽ棬վһƬƧԭҰź㣬ҲЩ⣬ٲûм֪
ź㻹Ǹģǰɾʱ֣ʱԶ֣⻹ʱСϸȻ¶һ棬ԼӣȴûǻȴֲǿΪ֮
ֹһΣǽмǰЩ˼顭
С¹⾰źǰžڳȨȦˣŹɫȮֽ֮ͽм±Ͳʲô֮ܣ˾ռˣ෹ļ̸ʶѡ˵ǰǶ˵һ޹ļѹӴǶǵĴţʹö֮ػףҲʲô˲ô¡
Ѧkȴסˣֻᷳƣǿп˼պ¶һҪǰҪٴξ
ѦkǰԽԾܼˣŷһһ·С̨ףȰѦkͱҥͷ±߷˼ŷŶ
ǰں԰飬ͨﲻһ£ʲô
Ѧkһհɷ˵ץסǰ󣬰԰С¥
־еǰĵظߣüѦk֣Ūˣ
ѦkȴţС¥ѸתϷţ
һƽƺ𣬡ΪʲôҵĻźʲôֵģ
ǰ෢šüŭҸʲôûУ
ȥ˵ȨȦǽ£˶СУٽʱֵĳ¥Ҫһδζг𣿣
֪û١
ǰҲ֪ҲڣҴδԼҲδܹԼ
ź㻹ö֮ԼѦkŭʢǰҪһǰѾ׼Ѧkʱ㽫һƿ̧־һƣ
ž
һǶ⡭Ѧkգ۾ȴֱֱؿ˵Ҳ뿪
ǰЩסˣǰĦ˵Բ𡭡Ҳǹġ𣿡
Ҳĺ𣿡
ֵ̧ʸûС
ѦkȻЦˣֽǰһȦ˻
Ѧkڻ԰ж棬Ҫߵ˼ûУ߽塱Զʮ궬Զʮһˣѧʱ򣬿ǡ塱˵̫ѣѦkԼֻں
֣ôẰѦk⣬ŤͷǰʵоӦϰߺǰ
ǰһæӣӦȥܿ˵Ǻƴ磬ǸĹܼң춼ô˵ϰˡǾܲߣԡ˵ˡڻСļǵôƺء
ŶѦkɻ£Ȼض˲յ
ȻûҪߵ˼
ǰЩĻңߴٵʱˣȥɣȻ˸żˡ
ˡǰƺķˣʶֻҵ
ɣºæƽʱҲôؼҡ
ǡ»æù˲ϼô
ǰתװŪһ軨ݣҶָȴЩʹֱһúõҶժ˸⡭
ҡҺȡǸи£ɡ
ЩҪӰɡ͸мҵĸоˡ
Ÿճף
Ҳǣ»Ҫһٯٯʱ⡭
˼ѦkٿȻæؽͣһûõ׼ҲǣǻûúŮ׼֪ô˵ãͲ
ĺʱڣˬʣȴðһ㱡
ǰЦЦ־ϸĵذãֲʲô˵£Ҳֵôż
Ϧ£ǰһůƵɫгһܰů⣬˾ϧѦk鲻ԽصͷӡĴ
һΣǰȴûнƿ΢΢˫ۡ
ǣźȻûаݵ˼أǰԸŲˡ
ֻǣѦkŵĴҲ²ˣѦkǰСӣеʲôɲǷô򵥣Υף
ʷ̨Ѧkһ
Щѿ
λӣԶ۱ģţҲòȸãʾʾҪһҷ磬Һϣˡ
ĴԽԽʢˣƺһֻε֣ƶ˳
Ѧҳã˵ĵλ͵΢ֳ绯ţѦеڸµ
ɸ
ѦkѦ̹ǰһ
Ѿ˱Ѧд׼ǣζѦжûжŭ
Ҷ̾˿ѦkҲˣҪŭȵ𣿡
Ѧk󾪣ǡ֪ˣ
ԵʻɡҲӦǾϻҪ˲֪ǼĪΪ
塭ҡ
ˣѦתڲǷ˵ʱ򣬲ǰʲôϵҪһˡ벻ź㻹мֶΣǵĶߣһн赶ɱˡҲ̫סˣˣ˵СֶΣȲΣ
ϵԣס
㣡
ˣһҶ岻òԲҪƲϵ˵䲻Ļһµ֪ǵĹϵ㣬СңǰҪ꣡ҳѧ£峣ĵߡ뵱С׼㣬ɩҲӡģҲǲƤǰټǵݣֻ¸ء
Ϊ֮ƣǰǶϲȥˣҲټ档źƣͰĴ丮ϳҲȥҾͲź㻹


145
Ѧл͹ź͡
֮һ绯Ŷʱȼ˵ĴСѦkǰڳ˽éݿջһȡ
ѦkЩסˣ嶯֮¾ὣȥź㣬͢סհ¡
͢ҲҵѹѦkʷ޷ı䣬ҲԤϲǰͻƵߡˣʹôڹҲ޲ֻǿѹеʹѦkǰװ¡
̬ķչԽԽɿأ
ţǰĺһҹ°ˡ
ٷƺű뷨ʲô̸ֻҪӵĸӡ
ǰǿԼ侲ųصĲӵѦиӪˡ˵ǰȻ˲٣¹Լ⣬޷Լ֫
Ҷס֣ǵؿѦУҪ¡
δѦлӦǰϵؾܾ塭꣬ĸԲ㡭尲ǽǳѣȻһֱδ˵Ҳܲµĸһְŵġĸڹٻң֪͢Լ棬¾ٷ˽ˣȻᷢΧˣ㳲𡭡㡭㾭֪һ͢мֻĿܡ
Ҷҧ´ͷСָ˲ʱǶʹ£ǰʹ࣬᲻ɣ
СҶʱҲ񣬰ݵؿѦС
ҺǰһȥġסkһҪϢҪ֪ǰվػ᲻һиӪȣҲǺʵ͸ǲסˡ
ǰ󾪣ؿѦУ˼ǡѾ˻kⳡѣǹҪ
еڶֿܡԣ壬һҪkס£Ѿѧȥ⣬Էõkǰ֤ݡ
Ҷ֣صص˵ͷ
ڶһ磬ѦкǰԼ˳ǽʯԨٷ˰˵λöʮźơ

ԷϤ٣ǰڱڵأҺͺӵĸ׶ˣҲˡ㣬ŹҵĺӰɡ
Ѧаǰǰһ˵Ʊ㡭šҺǰֻǰûκӺ
Ϊ֮˻ٽָѦУ˵ˣҪӵĸٸǰʱһλѦˣӾʹ׹Ԩ

ۼ˰ѺӸ߸߾ƾҪԨԣǰ鲻ԽҪȥȴѦкݺݱסȥͺӶˣ
ѦˣֻаʱҪɸ봫𣿹
Ѧж˶侲ҾǺӵ֪Ҫȵģ˭
ߡȻѦնǾͲȦˡʵ˵˰ɣҸι涾ɢ˶֮ڣʹнҩж߱ҲЧĸͬʱ½ҩԼѪι֮ܽⶾҹţаʱӾ͸öˣѦˣ֣Ǿץʱ䣬ͿһýҩѪܾܲºӰɣ
ǰͷһʹر˫ۡ
Ѧսȭͷ𣬿ĵӿϵģȴһС˵Ȳ
Ѧһ߹ȥȥӹǸװŽҩС״ƿҪѽҩ
Ѧˣһ£ƿĽҩֻͿһһºûˣԡ˼
ѦսƿЩ΢΢
ಡ
Ȼһ֧׵üģ
˵ʱʱ죬ѦһȥϵĺӣݵػӺˣ˯
ѦȻɳˣٷ׷ɱȥ
ڣѦдһһֱźӣһǰתȥ
ಡ
һ֧
ΣȴǴӶԷķ
ۼҪ䴩Ѧеĺ󱳣ǰþȫһƿѦУ֧ôݺݵزǰأ
ǰ
ѦбǰƳģعæȥסص
ǰȵѦеĻüͷʹսؿֻѾᴩ
ǰ㡭Ѧаڻһֵؿ
ǰšü˯ĺӣǳһĨЦ⣬һ־סѦе½˵kҩ
kԣkѧϣ׷ˣ
ѧʾ⼸˼׷ϣæطһ֪ǰˣ
ѧϣϷɸ봫kϹ
үүڣүأү
ѧϳŲǰֻһѸٻصǰһѳĺڲǰԼĻ
ǰôڡڡ
Ѧkսǰ֣
ѦаѧѵѧһжżĵĺֵȴʱӪȡѦk˶ߣѧѵѧѵֻȫг˵ͼ˺˵У賿ʱѾʯԨһ֮⡣
ҩǰ˿üͷԽšԽɫԽԽס
ѦžѣæƿĽҩ˳ȻԷ˵ҽ
һιǰһݸѦk
Ѧk⣬ؿѦС
ҳȥѦŭ
Ѧkֻýӹһ¡
Ѧǿۿˮ𣬺ݺݵѦk֣ýǺݺݵһ
ڵѪѦæմһ㣬Ριȥ
ǰˡѦǿ̱ʹһҲմЩѪӿιȥ
ǰӺ˵Ѫ˿صصѦk
ǡѦk⣬Ѧȴû˵ѺӷŻǰԼһһĵ˿
ʱ䣬һڰɡ
ѦkϣˮˮѪˮѻһţǰźѾ𾪣ǣٵݡ
kǰѵ̧֣븧ȴûа
Ѧkһץס֣Լϴڡǰڡ
ǰ԰׵ϣٴθֳһĨЦ⣬ϲ𣿡
ϲϲ㡭
㡭
ʲôѦkһסǰ־ҵز˵ʲô
ǵĺӡ֣ʯԨĵط
˵ʲôѦkɺ˫ǿѹеıʹҧ˵Ϊʲô粻ңΪʲô
һûֻҺˡkǵһϸĺǻҵӣ±߾ңȻ󡭡ǴϦ߽ҹĻôǣҡk֮󣬰ѺӽҶ׼ϲǵĺӡ尲ʱ᲻֡
ǰĹǣѦkףһȥǵĹϵͲ޿ɲأһŬһ׷ˡ
ʲôλҶҪˣҺͺӻغӡǴֲ赭
ǰô˵ｹǣǣʹ˿ڣһѪ˳ֻܴڴڵش
ǰҴȥ򡭡ǰѦkҲ֪ͽͣѾ޴룬ȫɥʧ֪ôȻİˡ
kһκ𡭡Ѻӣǰӵ٣ֲᣬ¡
Ѧk죬ǿбʹֻصص˵ͷ
ǰڷģһĨЦ⣬kĺ᲻㡭ǰãֻҪԶԶؿ͹ˣڣȴòˣôһΡһҵġ
ǶǶǶ
Ѧkս𽥱֣Ұ


146
ǰ٣ްŵġ
Ϣܿӱ޳ʵԶ۵Զ۳˰ΣһԵף̫޹ȥټտĵԴһ
ǰĸŮ٣ǰѣӣ֪١ͽӵӣץһڣ޿ɲ顭
ѦkƺûܵʲôӰ죬һϳĴŲǴţǰʲô˽飬źһ㣬ж硣
˹ţǰѦkĴţҲڹ
ǣȴ¡
˾ȻһΣһԶۣ
Ǿֲɷ˵˵ӳƴ˹һ񱻽
λνʦ˱۵ġӡԳƱۻǴȴûлȥԽԽó衣˵Ҳ֣Դ˹ԶۺȻƫƫ¹Ҳȥˣ˵޹
Ѿٺλãׯλӣ̫䣬ϧһʱ̰ⲻͨ麫طƷλӣϷѦkְȨ
ˡӡǺǵıһӰӰ´µΤӦʱΤӦʱף˻ʵۣԣһԼӣΪĿܡ
ѾĻӲÿƣų⣬׵Ļӵмĸ弸ԳҪշһѾףΤӦʱڳ˵ĸ޷óϷȥǳ΢ÿƣһӣǽѵѡ
˸еֶ½ǳλ˶ɵӣ׵úܣֻԼɫ˥û˿⡣
Ψһ˿ģˣ˱㣬ֻʣ
ңѾʧȥепƺһҹصԭ㡭
źΪƷԺѧʿƹܺԺҲΪ˻ʵҪĵּ֣Ĳ´
˵θڣƺûõ㣬ڰ߶߶Թų²ź㣬ôµľ֣ҪôѦkǰļ飬ҪôһѦУܸü˲ǡ񵹺ãһֻɢҲ֪Ӿ˭ģȥģŪҲѦУǰ۵Ҷ˺ЩʱգǷ
ӼаһЦﲻ̫ںɰܵĶ٣ֻҪﵽĿľͿˡҪģǱõɵͣɵüסˣ죬һ򡭡һ񣡡
գգϸۣΪȻصͷ¾Ͳ˵ˣСĸǽж
ٺ٣ⰲܣɾˣĶҹˮģƶͰɡ
ѡٵˣȺŴڳϴߴԶۣؾѡܣԶ۾񲻼ãǻдڻǣһְϵԲܲʣҲסΤӦʱַƣǲ
ã͢˾˵Ϣˣˣ
ԶϲٻãӴҵ
Ҳ֣еҽһҲţֻ̥һ˵ģӱϾǵʿĴܲʤΰ̥һְδ֪֮˵ҵһδ̫ҽԺ̥
񲿺¹Աַɣ˼ʹٵó裬ôйҲΪң⻹漰İΣǰٹ٣λȣҲǺȰȰ
սʹԶ۲Ҳˣʹ˵ҪȥϽй칬̥ʡ챻ﳼǰ󹬵߶šң칬Ƨһһңһǰһ󣬸Զ۵־
Զ۶˵׼˵飬칬֮ǰٲΪǣŵһأŮΪλ
ʵȥйΤӦʱ˰Ͼô˻ᾡؼְλĿ
ʱڣٻ価ೡʱڡ
֨ơһڳŹرǰʻ˳˶ţ֮󣬻ͣ˳¥ݡ¥ǰ
ĸԳӭĹ˰󣬴ҿ
κһ˫ִӣΪס۾ôʧˣģһʮѾߣҲðװ׾鶯ϲѾ˵С㣬ˡ
ֻһ죬ֳһȶ˵ӰŮ΢΢ͷ˿˱Ѿ߼æ̧ȥŮӽ̧ͷ¶һաüԶɽȪ֬ϵ׺һöͦıӣıǼһһ⣬һգһĽëֱĶ֮һ
˴ҳ趯
ֻЦӭȥһѷŮӵ֣ñ˵εˣкü˰ɣɰ輱ӴСĵߣ¥Ъ£һһһظܽܣǺǡ
ˣǳ߶˲ǡ
ɱô˵¥ƣ¥Īң˭֪һãܽݵĲأ
Ů΢Цܿʧ¥ſڡ
Ƴϣ¥ɣֻŮӵĵӶʢ
һ£˵ķȦ֪¥һλɫ˫Ůӡ롣»ɷ򣬵˾вӢ󣬶̲סԹһƷ似
һˣӢͷֻ̫Ϥмֹ˵ζֻ˵ģµԼ棬Ͼ桭
Ļƿ뻺߳ӯӯӢ󶨾һʱ󾪣
ǡ
үû˵ɣǲǺ񣿣ϯڼ¹ʮ괺ʮǰңǼλʱģģһֱ˵񣬿Щܲң롮˵һӡųƶŮǹĿĲܴƷƷܴ˵˵ӣǲ񣡡
񡭡񡭡̫ˡӢ󻺻žƱҪȣҪţֻ۶ǰŮӡһᣬһڣƺϸϸ𣬺Ȼط¾Ʊָ㲻ǣǡ
үŮʱϣٴλү밲ϧĽѾáүɷݳרźһơο˼
ϯ˵һԲӢʱĽּʣ˭֪ղʱգδԹһӢ󣬾ԼܲʣӢϾǷˣΡŻ磬ǡ˵һӡѹһƱˣҲ֪Բλֻ࣬壬ܿŲӢż䣬˵ദ


147
һԶ칬ڲʣźŵԺˣκ˵ȲôšԶ۱;񲻼ãѵǲڶڣץʱڻ԰мһᡣ
ǰԶ۶£ˣڹأǲ
ɣƽʱڣǲ˵ʥģһʱ
þòˡɡ
СܳȥѶӭ˽
ĸһö壬л
æƴǣˣôصĶūա˵ūѡ˸ʱҲûʲô޹»ūź¼ʮ꣬δΣ˵˶ӣū˵룡
ʱͲӢԶߣ밲Ϻϸϸ꣬Զ˫ף˶ϲˣֻˣģ쵽ʸǰ
һ󱯷ߣֻǰ£ſԶ۵ϥ⡭ʡ
Զ˫ۣƺŬ뿴ǰˣһ̾Ϣ޵ˡˡ
Ӣæص룬ֵ׳꣬ˣֻй̫徻ˡˬݷͳģóԵһº͹ƣɺã
æͣ£ūүÿǵһûģһˣбµĸ׶һǸ
ԶЦˣɡ
Ӣִϼ࣬Ҳ
Ӣ󵯵ģǹȻоԳһɱصգ
ԶƺȾˣ񲻽΢
оԶ֣ԽԽ
һΡﬡĻӢվ˺һŮǰԶǰ£̶̧ͷɵؿ
Զһգʱಡվ֣Ρָ㡪
ү
աագ
үգϣеڶ˻
칬ŽգǰԶ۽ԣκ˵ȣڣ
Ž԰ο֣ΤӦʱвʼղκ˽ٲ֮ڣ
ҹʱ֣ΤӦʱױǿ͢ʮ˧ѪΪˣ޻˽ԵߣһΪı棬ն࣡
һգԶ۱ŲŮ
һʮͼǱ͢ĬϣնʮڵǰѪɺӣ
ΤӦʱ˽ֻֽһꡱ֡
һȶҡ
ǧһ֮ʣҶ׼Ȼ
˭Ҳ֪֪䣬ң˵ΤӦʱҶ׼˵˱סˣЩӦΤ֪Ҫصܣκ˵
ɴ͢ǰֻһ
պĵһƳȽȽմأſԶ̤żĲ߳ţٲ֮Ⱥٹ٣أɽꡣ
ٲ֮ڣȻٲ֮⣬ڵصһڳɽɣ
Σףϵϼ֣ͣʾ߳
̺󣬳뻺ӵ߳ЦϾůƣصͷ
΢ЦǣȺٹټ߹ǰƬ
ղҴֵͥ̾ͰӺź㣬ֱѺ˴ֻǵ˱У
Զ۽һ£αѧͷĵļٵʿνһŪڹ֮ϡ
ЮعĲ͡ǡ롱֮ò٣ɽµǿֻг룡
˵ڴǰػдаֳģΪôݰжӵǿǽİֳģ㳹׵Ȼ޴ˡ
Ĺֻǿͷص͢ʣµİ¡
źӻԣװڳ¥õ˻޳֤ܵˣ͵һ˵ϢǸеĺӣᣬӵ֣
ӺǸԶһֱȰиݶаҩ»ԱȰǿϰٱټһ򴫽аȫɥʧǵԶ۶ƴӣһ
½꣬ԶûǴ̣
ʮ̲ǱȪһʬ
¬ʺ󱻷Ϻ󣬺һ̵֮ŭʱս
Զ۵Ĺ£˱㲻òȻֹˣΪΤӦʱ֣ﾡӡź˹֤ݣټذӺź㶾У޶֤
ΤӦʱҡһ䣬Ĳĵ
ˣ벻òһ¡ƭߣòȥӽԨʬ𼣡
ӺźѾǱӣ޿ɲ飬ٽȥֻݾߣڼ档
Զʮ궬
ڵһѩ֮ʣгŶٴξʢĲ䣬ӴӺѦƸһѦŮΪ¹
ŴŮѦգдɣڳ˾һʱ˳룬Ȼ֪գ˵䱻Ӣ˽Ϊҵģ˵ӻܴģҲ˵Ͷʱ˽ɽֵġĪһǣʵȴǣȷʵʧˣʱȾѦϵģشӳʧˣءţ֮뿪ĳܿ챻
֮ϣһ尲ҹУɳף尲Ҳزȥˡ
ϯµأϵߵףƵƺǰ֮ˣδй˿ϵ
ջʪۿҶ没ϯ
Ҷ㣬治س𣿡һ飬ǣߡ
ǲأҲزˡڵҶ׼нľĲӣ˵ͱˡⲻ𣿲ЦǣȫˣҪлΤ࣬ǣ
壬ɼҾҲû㣬һûлҺúлл֮ڣ
㽻ңл˵ܻ漣ٴֶѡ
Ǿ֮ͣ㣬ҵҵı֮ʱʩȣɽµˡռҺѦҵİҽϼִ
㱾Ծʹ˹ģְУǶԲǡ
ô˵ѦգĸԸҪģִֻش֮ҲҪݣ첻Ұɣ
ֻ⹬ǽ
´Һܺãʵǰλº͵ǫǫӡʱĺĽѦաĺĽ
˵ţȻ̻ͷҹգʱһƬ貣
Ҷͳ벻סͷⱻ̻ҹա


148
Զʮ궬尲̩һϲææŲմأ֪ģΪ̩ڳﱸһأ
尲һָĸ߶ʳժǸϯ̸۵Ļ⣬벻̩ˡ
벻£̩˺̩ʢŴʧ̻̩ϱռȻǲ֮ǰͷʢͷȫ죬ϰ
Զԣ̩ʢʧȥδ̻ݲ˿Խɡϴ裬ȫ̩ȵǣʧţСӰɣ
ҹƲֹ˼̩˺̩ʢҲںǮȻǿ̩ˣõ׼ϲء
ԣֻǲ֪ʲôϲ£ͼæ
ȡ˼ҵ£ͱôˣ˼̩˸ɵйʹʧҲձθëҲһӵģǾͱˣȺȺȣ
ԶԡأǺǵģ
ժǸ䣬벻ǣԼʮժǸһοŴˡ
գժǸлֱ֮ͣʾ֪𶫶ժǸѾ˶ϲ׼ժǸһŵ硣ժǸպӪӪҵͿ˰ˡ
죬˻ϯļα˵ȽãժǸٲ֮ⶼ˲ʡ
죬˲֪ԭǣ̩Ļ󶫼ҡҶүΨһ飬ҶС㡣
˵Ҷүֱ죬Ϊ˸һȫŵ磬ֱժǸ
λ˳ƾүҶүҲأ֮ǰδ¶棬δţ˷䴫ţ޵ҹ壬ڴ֮ʧòܾӴҵ˵аۣǺʱںεأЯ½ԭʥʮ־壬˲òš
緻ԣҶүң̩ڶʱ𣬻˲ޡáȺ⣬ҲͲˡҵ͢ãҵͳĲƷ纣Ѧҡຼ¼ҡ尲ؼңԼ尲صĻ̵ȣˣⲻ˳Ź֣
ժǸ羲ĵؿ־ĵɢڼ䰲˿ţͨĵƻ𣬶˻Ƿойʲôᡣ
࣬Ŷ̩Լ޵ļλʽҲ˼λ߹٣ǹʾɻǳ͢ʹͲö֪ˣ⣬˵ƺЩˣ֮أ֪֮ࡣʱĩɢϢ̤Ϲ;ժǸԻ͵Ϩﶼڳš
Ѧkȫעؿҡ˯ĺӣþûزҶ׼տȥˣ߹סϳԷһԺӱؽ˦ڵأŭѦkҶ㹻ˣˣ㿴ģꡢʲô
æҶ׼סǰѦkͤ£ָ˱Ȳ裬ƽ͵ȰźҲˣҲͽͣȥɡ
һź㡱֣ѦkʱŭգڡվݺݵذѲ豭ߵϣȭݺݵʯź㣡ֻд˵Ĳң
ûúŹ˽ҧ˭ҧ˭𣿣Ҷ׼ס죬尲ǷϵùˣϹسˣ£𹼸ɲ֮Ѱ֤ݣ
ͻǵذҶ׼ż˵ɣʹkʲôأ
ۡ
ںȻһӤ˶ˣѸٷӳ˹ŵ㿴ǶѺӳˣòײ˯¡Ҫô˵ǲźã˵žһ·Сܻȥغš
ѦkҲˣȥӺӣӣ㿪֣šü㿴㣬ֳģѺѬˡ
Ѧk˿Լڻǰ˻Ƕȥ
ǣղιľͶأǲӣֻ֪żʲôأǰ֮󣬺Ӿ˯оѣ˵ĸŮģҲ֪ġԲŻᾭܾߺ庢ӱһ˵ǰֹסǱȥװȥҶžһ𰲸ӣѦk顣
ѦkźӽͣЪĿľƣٽƺطŵϣΨִƿ̶ײŵӣ˵ұʹ꣬ĸܸһǡߣʱȥǰˡ

Ϯˣһµ뵽ʼҵУΪ
źүȥʼҵУ̧ۣΪ齨·
ڵƲ£ʥּܿ䲼ˣ͢Ϊһׯ¡صĸʽٹ֪
Ѧkؾձ˷ݽ౨尲סԪ꣬ʮǰıʱĺסֺ棬֤ݱӢıɱʵʲ߻ˣһʵʩıɱ
ԪĹѾǩֻѺֿѺڱţؼԪ꼰ദϸڣԭԭӡ֤ԪĹ֤֤ڣּ飡أΪ䣬֪丸У֪´ϣһּ죡
²ֶߣԶ֪ʱ򣬳˺尲ǽ֪šʱ볤Ӣʢĸʽ죬ͬصʢĿǿҵĶԱȣϰչ˰񫣬෹ʢ̸˥
ټɨأ
ԶõۣͥٹȴչֳڲͬĵȻƺԤ֪ݳУְ丸У֪޲޲
²ԩģһٶֱȫ
ΤӦʱЩţȭãڻѡ˳Ĭ
گһ£ԪһұرΪ
Ҳûڳ˵ʱֻ뾩ı·֮ǰҵѦС
ҴѣǾȡûκԹ֮ģֻ󡭡ټһ桭
Ѧн˫ȭؽڷף޲һأ㻹ң
۾ŵذ壬򴽲
Ѧпģǰһȭ
ˤڵأѪȻƽ޲ȻõǵѪңʮĶ顭Ҳˣźӡò͵ұʮ֮
ǰأ͸𣿣
ʼҶһ֪֪ҲǵóѵġҲգҲգ޻˵
ãǰ£ǰ֪أ㸸ױָʹӺźɱڣЩ˵ʼ֮ʱ֪飬ǵھǵʱ֪˰ɣڻȥ
ҶԲѦˣ˷뾩޳׽˲ٶԹҡҲ֪ܻʱΨһǣң㣬ҼһΣ
أҲ尲ңѵ֪һ빬ƺǱµˣܼô
Ѧˣа취ģʹûа취Ѧˡ


149
ﲻ㣡
ҶŤͷؿŶ
᲻ҵġ֮£Щ˲Ҽһͣҵġ
Ҷ忴ħӣ̲סЦǡأǿЦΪⱲӶ𣿵˵㲻ӿͣ㣻˵ûȢţ㡭㸸˵Ϊ㣬ϣߣҲ㡭ֱµף㣡أ㲻˵ΪѩޣΪŰ㸸Ҫ֤ô㣿
죬ȴ˵һ䷴Ļǰʱգô
أ˽ҪĲһ΢λ㵫еֱͦ壬Ϊ쵽أһηˣһδλᣡȢţн𣿣
Ҷʣڱ˫عڵء
Ϳͣ
Ҷ忴뿪ӰڳŲס̱
壡Ѧһ֣̫ˡ
Ҷ׵ס½˵С㲻֪˵ҪѦյʱңжܡ
Ҷ̤һأԶûнˡ
ʧ٣ļ٣±˽¿չܹĵĲ̽ж̾尲Ѿãƾ̩˵ڻ֪ȥ򣬿ɻһǸϵʱʩѾټֻ±ߵļƺۼ
һϢİ͵ռңү͵ϼ壬ԼĹʽִִǲ̳ʥ֣߻ܾȻ
࣬ƽؽ˻ݵʵĻָյòֻմɴһֻϼҩѧҽȴ˲
˻뱻ͦ˵ҪѦա
ƾִԼδɣǣȴ˵Ѧա
ʱر㳹ˡ
Ҷ廹Ǹȥ뾩Ϣ¹Ʒ裬֮һξӨˮеĲյ˿
ԣټ¹ѩ
ǰҲһЩ춯
ΤӦʱƵƵļ̶ȲԶ޿̣Ƹۣ߻Ⱥá
ϾֻԼ˳̫ӵıר־ԸΤӦʱ
Թ̹ΪɣƵƵȰԶãڿһʣӵ
ҲԶеѡƺҡˣڵʲô
˻һԶ۱ӽˡ
䱻֤ʵӵĶҩŻΣͷţԶҲԸȥˣʹȥ¹Ҳ˰ݡԹ½ŮӣȱθС
Ψһģǵ
ԶҪôԼУҪôȻѦ
ǰȰʼסˣĴεʵڡԶܹЩģѾ꣬볯ҲӦԶ۱һ֣˳ˮ볯
ãλ飬иƽ⡣
Զʮһϴ
ﵽã
Ůһů϶ĵҶ塣Ͻеӣݣ˵롱ӭȥ
ݵ˽һϽסֵ֣úúõůţʲô
ȻҪӭġ
ҶλҪ̫⣬һеʧô죡
һ˵ߵصͷʧˡңûȷء
ҶһЩ㵵ؿ
ЦŮң˵Ҳ޷õƳ˺ЩӶû˽ҽ׼ˣֻӻûԻµϲ
һ˵Ҷ־ϲ벻ϲĺϢ
ȴ˵Ϊˣæֵҽûȷأɱ˵˵ѡĽǶûϢôƫĺ£Ҳеġ
Цذůã˵òŽԺ󹬵Ǳػ㽲һɡ˵ţǾֶȷмصģмôһǷлСλӻãѡеޣ֮Ȼ˱ǲеţѡˡ֡·빬ʢ裬Ҳмֳˡ
ĻΪ飬ʺΣֻô
һЩƷϸĵض˺Щ뿪
뿪ıӰ˫գȻһǳ
ڵġã
򴽣˵ͷұǸ֮ͣδҪǰĶ뷨ǽѦյݻѱ£ʹżȻó裬Ҳ¶ˮԵ֪ҲѦպȻ뿪Ƕ֮ˣһپҡҵûĽ֡ĻУֻϣǸŮӱɺһ㣬棬˵˵Ļжϥ£á
Ҷ忴ⷢ˺һŻصǲ֮͡Я㣬Ǿ㡭
ҴδҪʲô
Ī躹Ѿã﾿ЩʲôѰ˵׽Ҫkúô̽һС
һ괺ƣҶڸаյңһǰ뾴򸾰ѾʹŲһ⾰򸾾Ρ
ʲôѦȻڱ
룬硭
ѦüŶʲô
ֳʲô
ֻǲ֪á
벻ʲ֪ˣ
Ѧһɿ˫֣ʵҪȥ
Ҷ꣬ͬ죬һܸ꣬ûȥúüһ£ΪŮ֮
Ѧеͷȥɣҵ׹ĸ
Ҷ忴µɫ֪Ҳܣǣ֣ص˵ͷ
Žգһ
һŷſڴԶԶ⿴һۡ
ү
ŷֱԼ۾ಡվſڲ֪Ȼ
ѦҶ˳һϾ̨ס
ŷΪˣ֪Ǹ룬ûķԸǾԲܿġ
Ҷǰ˼˵ͨһɡ
¶ɫ֧֧С㡭ǰԸ⡭ү
Ҷ̧ͷŴµңԡҲûоˡ磬Ҳүǿү˵ţۿȴˣҧҧ´Բ㾡ȥͨ˵ʲôҶܵס
Ǿᣬ˺һһĴȣƻȥһ㣬ãȥͨСȵȻᣡ
ת븮ǣȴò
ѦзסҶļ̾ǻȥɡ
ҶȴһҲȸ𰸣ʹǾܾ
á㡣
Ӻһ
Ҷ٣սе˿
ŻһӰ
磡
Ҷ־ϲ첽ǰȥһѱס
֪ñǸϲֻеˮҲƲס
о̧˫֣Ȧס


150
Ժȶ
ҶѦйھλǰþûվҶ壬ĸѾѣǲµġУ꣬Ǹ㡢ӣһһûʲô˵ģӣԹʹ˹Σ
ãѦܻվҲҪлӺ;ӣᣡ
硭
Ϊˣ
Ϊ壬ֳˡ
ŶһΪΪ˵
벻ү£Ҳ֪
ߣ벻֪ѡ
Բ硭ð
ްĸƽϣͱйص£ȥ͡
磬ȥ԰Ѿʹɣүһ£ǵСʱڻ԰֣ڿЦҶ񴣬һ·԰ߣʱԶһиУиУںĴǿңǾΥˡ
񴱻ǣţֻܼӿ첽ǡǰǰҺֶ˼ãӶ౾Ӧ֣ĸȴԽԽչЦա
ЦԽԽٵģֺֹһˣүүȢЩ檣ⲻ֪ĥĲԼչüֺγչü磬أﾲģЩ檺͵ãȥ
Σסһ͹ˣαػסǣҰˣÿһݸԹǶǾã֮Իһְٰ⣬ⱲҲǳԴˡ
ǡأ
ңⲻǳϮ˾λôְȨٺ»Ҳһӻһ˰ɣ
磡֪˵ĲҲϴСˣҲҸһ˰ɡ
壬ֲСˣЩ²Ҫģ
ôѦ˵ģһ𣿡
֣Ǳֵܣνֵ޲ۡҾ㶮
ߡ
԰еĴãҶ忴Υ˵һһľүĵβӿͷҲѦкĶԻֻǶ⻨԰ࡣ
Ȧ˫֣ϾĿҶıӰ˵ҵҪϵüʱ
ѦüȻݾ벻ʮͨ
û㣬˵󲻴ЩźܿͻᴫСʱ㻹סô
Ѧüһ˵ұҲûֻûҵʵʱ
бֶŮ³ɽ֣֮λȱͶˡ
ҵʧ߿ңܷңݣⱲӶѸı䡣ǰѦڷǶ
û죬üʵ˵λҵСѾס˳
šǰ쵽ġ
㻹ʱ
ҳ֮󣬱²ôѦսˣָ׶ľҶһҳϣ׼Ϊ͢Ϲᣬ֮£ôתͶҶҵ˲棡
ļ̾飬ҡڱңޣ֮ǰǰΪʲôʵȻѾڱߣβ߷磿
λˣҲ
һҵвͬĿ㷴ӦҪ̻ڹе֪֮ʱΪŮϵ⡣Ȼ̤˵һҪ˼Ҹ𵽵ף
ѦšüϣѸһĨϾ
ٴƺȵúǾˣٱ֮ʱصؽаһ̳ȥ꾴ļ
һĸ̳ƣ˵Ѿ׷¡
Ҷ岻ر˱֪ΪΣܾһɲԤУ񴣬ƺ𡭡
յĳãܷ飬ʽ볯
ǭе䣬¹Ȼެʶȱ¡Ϣٴδǭе
Σҵȷˣȳ
ĽΤ䣬ǭеսľ񴣡
Զ۾ʱɹʶ֪Կ϶ǣֶ϶һø̸Զ۲Ľʮλ泼֮ӡ
ѦΨһĺӣ˷ۣиһѭζԵȥѦգ˳֮ǰԶΪָ飬ٳۣôѦһѪ
ԼѡģƺǺĳֻҪݵŮС㣬
ݵŮţھϵвЩ۹⡣һ׮ɲŮò֮ϣԶʮ⣬պ顣
ͻ飬ֱͻ˵ңΪ˵Ҷ壬ҲðزϵΤ֪꣬Ȼδ˵Լ÷Сһ𳤴˼Լ
磬Ǻ⣿Ҷ徶ֱ鷿ѱĿµ񴾾˳ֱӷʡ
д󵱻Ů󵱼ޣ˼
ϲŻؾãʲô֪˵ʲôһִѻ
Ȣ˭Ȣأο¡λȹ̣ҹӣŷңҵҡ
֪ꡪ
ң֣ȻЩǿѹ˺þòŻ˹ϸҶ֪ϵر˺޹ϸ𡭡ϸ𣿺ǣˣҺʲôϸ𡭡
Ҷӣʱǰʥּ£ʲôϸ𡭡
պ飬ִ̫ˡ磬ʲôﶼûá
ԼСӣ͸õ
ҶȻ̧ͷƺǻл˫ۣⳡûʲôĶԻǡֵؾʹֹ
պ󣬾һϲ뿴λŽһ²ͱϻεӾʲô飬𾪣Σһܹ鲻Ǻߴžˡϧӵ¡أɽ˺ӰӰ㿣ӵ½ǶΣˡ
ϲ統ɹûѦееĺˣײײ˶ߣɹҲܶ÷ԼȥԶʱ䶼˲٣ϲ룬ӲǰȥѦвŲ鲻Ըرϻ˼ҡ
ҹϲ꣬ҹӦʺ˯ߵģѦԹҺںͤƷѾƣþòԸطޡ
Ҷ忴įıӰԥһһͤȥ
Ϊ£ȴȻתڵʵ壬֪Τ֪𣿡
΢΢סС
׼һ֪ģĴδ𣿡
УһΣС׼Ĳ֪Сʶľ滰ľٻһֵó
Ѧת΢ɫؿҶ壬ú󣬻뻳ӵ


151
ԶʮһٴشأҵʮΣֱǭе
ǵƺƵԶԳϯھƷ¹ԱϤòֺƴ˶ַڣ졣
Ǵ丮ȴһƬžƺһǽ֮ԼմߡѦkһֱƫԺͷϳҲȥ⿪ǵҲȥ没ڼңܴյļȡ
͢Ŷһյ衣
ѦkͷҲ̧ȴתյϣ˼
ˣ
͢Ӧһԥһʵ𣿡
ˣֻڵȴʱ
ھҪʱ
͢Բ𡣡
͢΢΢ۣһø˵ԲԲǸˣѾˡ
תһ࣬Դµ䣬͢Ϊ֣õľãΤǽĽ
ǵҲϢٴϴơ
͢ڳǽӪЩõҲ˹سŵʱԲȥˣһڳǽСƹƾƣţȴƹݵſڽһӰӰ´µӰϤ

ȻŶңݣ͢һױ죬οΪԷ˴֣ϣӦڹ
ƹѯЩ飬΢΢׵лҪתȥ͢㶵վ˵˾䣬
˵ԵһתȥƺҲһӡ
͢æ֮ʣϵľƺˣһҲ˲ˣֻǶ˶ææǰżʵôһ
˶٣˵ﲻ˵ĵطǳȥɣ߱˵
͢ͷ˳һӣƹ̨棬Ȼһ뿪
ԼĪ·ܱѳûˣһСһ䲻۵СԺǰ
ǡ
Ǳ¸Ұŵİ̥֮
͢ЩԾôĵذطң
Զ˽ذڳǽһеĺȻҲ
ף⡮ҽǲ֪ģȻ֪ƴҲͬ⡣ǣ칬Σյգȴܷ³ɼԴΪʾ£Ҳ˳룬롭Ϊ
ҽ׿϶ǲͬģȴδءİ£һˣֲѦոµźӵġ
óԱ顭ӣǱǸ֮ͣˣʵϷֱµĸ飬иȫ֮ߣҿȫ˳
˵ڼʹ뿪£ÿ˵Ա£޸飿
ĵصͷǵģҡôһˣȫǰݡλ𽵹ضǻ˳Щʹһٱ΢޷õģ˵ûж˶飬Լš
͢ԳЦЦ㲻ò˼Ͼܾܾ˱µŮӣֻѦһˡʱ򣬿߹úţҵż챻׵и̤ˣһһͷߡһ빬˱£ΪˮСŮӣǡ
ãԣԸɽ֣ϴ
Ը̿͢ůһȲ衣
͢㿴ðˮ˼꣬¼ңܶ¶᲻һ
ƵЦţˮ忪յĲҶ˹һκ˹ӣ衣
͢ǷǷյ˹
ϣӲҲǵô
ǣ˵Ҳǣ˻˭ûɼأ⣬ǶǱʢ۰ˡֻһ˼ңҡ͢ֺڴˡ
ӣʱ䲻ˣȹյ裬ɡԣ㴫һ䣬ͣ͢ȲʲôҲʲôġ
͢˿ڲ裬˵ͷһˣ͢ˡ˵ű㻺һͷ뿪
ȥӰ
ǭе߾
ǭеפ࣬Ѿȴް㶯ĪǾ
һ֧ʹӲȻǰǭеެı߽̽顣
ǰ¹Ȼˣ¹ȻެĿܣҳͣǰ´ݾߡαûͣ˼ǰȰͣ
νڴפһ£ñ̽ĶѾ̽˸˰ɣʲôݾߣ
αЩˣǰסȰүҪΪѣвҲǱµּˣҡҸףԼүء
ƿսˣα֪ͼԶ۲ŸմӻЩĻ¶ˣʮߣŵ֮ߣ򲻵ѣһһ䶼ܶ
ߣμЧҳ͢ˡ
Ȼα򲻸Υּ͢⡣˵үŻȨӦҪ躹ޣӮȡµβǡ
ãʹֹǣν֮ǰ£㿼ǵôˣ
αӦƽ侲صαѾ˵£μҲ֪顣
˽ͷãˣǱظɣǰ·˵űתͷ޶ȥ
αıӰšü˼
ҹһӰǭеڶʹλڳǽһԷԷ֮һƬžǴɨһȾĵ·˾ס
·ƺѾ̽ǧٱ飬ĵġ
ԺһԷ¹濴ȥһƬ˷뻧ŻغͰ
ʱһԾԭ˻ϡ
ү֮ǰƶϵƺЩ롣
ǭе˴꣬͸
ѵĻأҲѲү˵ţ˱ָָͷϵĺӯԾϣ
һ󣬺˴Ӻ붰ĽӴƳһľשľשƳǰîṹǡϣ֮Ƴһľש
îṹڱڻķ΢ġડǿ
αȻ˲ţæڻǰľʵıڻ΢ɶȻһţ
ŴűƿӳһĵҲҵȼӣֻǿŸоǰߡ
үģ
δ䣬ֻáಡһһֱ˱
ּѣǰ֪**صѸٷڵأһ٣
ߣǺţ**̣Բѷɫսϵ**
үӢӶαǾƳ˶ߣȻٸСһأҲ鲻ڣ
ˣ߰ɣ
СģèǽߣƹȦһʯ֮ǰ
Ħʯţ֣¶˾Υ΢Ц
һؿڵͨ硭
δ磬ôˣ
ڵŮЦӯӯתڿΪ˵ʱЦݶʱʧȫס
㡪
֪꣬ҵˡ


152
񴣿ô
ĳ֣һףΤ֪겻ѣˣۼҪײϺ󷽵İæסСģ
Τ֪˿ԼҲһδ
Сģڲһˣ統Ǳ࣬۳ҽ𣿡΢ЦŽɿ
лүΤ֪궨˶񣬺Ȼʲô£һ˲תô֪
αҵġ
ܣ
벻㻹ͦ
ҲǣĳڣţӦõġ
ȣ˭֪ııǷѡ˸ڽġ
Τ֪һᣬȻػأ϶ʱһĨǵɫֻܳܽķ򰵼ء㡢û°ɣ
жүĸû⡣
ϸֳŭղŵ֪ȻӦûʲô˵ģΤ֪˿ͷҪ㣬ҵֶһˡ
Ҳ֪Ҷ׼ϣ
Ĳ֪Ƕҩ
ǵǺģ˸͸淢һ£ǰƿҩ͡
Τ֪괹ԭ£α򱾲κڱ߾ʱżȻ̸ƴʦҶ׼£֮±Ŷα벻뿪꣬оô£Щ£ǰ͡
ұȥģӡܹ޹ģҲҪȰ
̾˿˵İɣҶ׼ղҲû죬ûҲбˣǸλϣʸ֮ġ֮ңĺ֣顣
׵צ鲼£ҶȻٴڴҵڣǭе¹ȻĽ֮أõѡ񡭡
Ϊжα򣿡΢΢ȭһض
Τ֪ͷȴܿҡҡͷȫȻǣϾҶҲȽϤ˹ϵģҲֻˡ˵ǭеӳȥĲ¹Ȼެӻҵţ⽻֮Σأ˭뵽ء
Τ֪˶٣к£ʯźȻæתȥ
δ硭
񴣡㡪
Ҫͦסӣȴ£Լǰӭ϶α񣬵ȻνǸˣʱܽܳΣۻ˰ɣ
񴣬֧ңеɽõǺð˵ʵͬҿ֮ⲻھƣ֪ɣ
αض񴣬޲úһйеԹ
ԲӣþϷҵЩѾһսսģֻ˳˰ˡ
һǭе̽ˣ˵Ԥı
˭бأ鵽֪걻̽̽òӦô˵ˣǶû֣˭
񴣡㡪
δ磡ˣҪ˵ˡ֪εºܣǶλΪգ
˼֪궯ͣ񴲻αת֪˵֪꣬Ҵ˴Ҫ£ܷ񵥶̸һ̸
񴻰δ䣬αǰֹ֪꣬㲻Ҫ
δ磬ģẦҵģҪңľҸס
ڼ
ӣ䱦Ҫұز
Τ֪⻰˵α򣬵ף̯ơ
ЦһᣬԳ˵εºܣ˰֮ˡ
Τ֪ĬȻҵĿһ㣬Ƕαãת뿪ҡ
α¹ʯţΤ̧֪ͷʵүˣҪ֪ʲôæ𣿡
ӣ˵Ҫˡ
һΤ֪Щ֪룬ʲô
վǲңҵȨ
Τ֪꿴񴣬죬ȴû˵֪Զʶǭеһսҳ΢ûмΣȨԶ۶ΣҲ֮С
ү֪ס֮𣿡
Τ̧֪ͷؿ񴣬֮Уƺһ˿
²С
Ϊʲô
ҪİΤΪΤҴĪĳ裬Уǭеһսȡ
Τ֪꾪ֵؿ񴣬֮£ۿסΪβŹǡ
ΤѲǵΤˣһٰεҶ׼ȻҲҪ㣬޶ûеԣɡ
˼ǡѾһֱȵľô֪
Τڳ˵³׾ٵô
˼ǡѾͨУܣΤڹϵ̱ߣ˶սϵֹǧЩĿô뵱ĳдı
ҪλһҪйǭеǧѷĻᣡ
ԡ㡭ĵʯ
һᣬǰ˵Ļ˵˳֪¹ȻܲΪ¹ȻĶӣĪɣ
ԡĪɣ鹦˵ãμǰ£ˡ
ڹϵΤҾ¹Ȼ뼸֣Īɣ¾뱻²һ·ˣҲΤ¹ȻĽףĪɣϳܱһĪɣǷһ飬Ӧû㡣
Ǵ׿ĪɣΪ
Ϊ㣬а취ġ
Τ֪첻ĪɣǷ顭
պ󣬳͢һǭеƽѲþ޹Ϊ󸱽Ϊ˧⽫ΪҸƽѣ
֮󣬾ƹϣһǰߣ¹ȻŻս£
ϧѾȴ¹ȻΤӦʱ׵Ʒ󲿱һټ𣬶νѣ¹ȻެֻսһУ˸ûӰʱѾ֪Լѱѳ֮
ҵһֱ˳Ҹƺʦо·ߺսͺ¹Ȼ뿴͸һ㣬бֱҪʱɾҲڻսвмʬ޴棡
һսۣܿȥˣǭеָֻյһսҵʧȥһԱͽȴһټѾʹ׷ֱٽ߾Σ˧ڽɽ𢡣
Σس󸱽֮ǰ˧ҹأϹĲƺλͬĸ
ս֮ϣǹۣԶţҲòսʵ
ɢȥһ糿һ仮Ƴǭе¹Ȼ뽻ĳɽУΤ֪굮һӤܿ죬ĸ뿪˱߾ʧ


153
ʱڣسѦkԾǳƲ٣ûвμӳ¡صĿǵ䣬оӳ֣ڳһʱ֮䣬ͷ
󸱽ٴε˵ߣȨظΡ
Я飬ȴһʵְûҪˣƺ丸񣬵˰񵴵ѦգԶ۶ֶӣֺø
Ļƻ裬ȥлһľ㣬ѦkʯԨֶڵȺʲôˡ
ʱסͣ¡
أ
ǣүƺһżҲǣүľΪ˻ȡµôΣΪ˽ô
֪ṩ鱨꾡ˣѦ˸ò飬ʲôҲûõɣ
áãûйүС˵ţѦkӻóһ˲ᣬݸ񴣬ϧûõԭֳ
ްˣ¸ǡ
ת֮ʣѦkȻס֮󣬻˵лл
ﴽһЦԾǾǷģл
뿪ټĹʣԼˣԶ۶ҵ巹ãϻƻ裬ţ̧ۿ˿䣬ȻԳЦЦ⳾ƺԽԽȤˡ
ţ̳ǰ£
ŶʱĪƵôǺǣ
ȥʱߵףʥ
ѭָָԱߵλɣֻдѦС
˼һ󣬻ѭƹһƣȻ˵㸸ף񡣡
̿֡
ֵûֵ̿ġ㸸ףһǺ¡ǭеֻصˣ޻ûüл㣬սǲǣһ󲿷ֵо
µĲж
ԶЦЦ˵Ҳ˵ܰѦж£Ѧ֮Ϊѣ޻Ӧлġ˵ű˾ٱһ
ҲƱһº˵»ƫѦңĸý뷴ñΪˡ
ƫѦңˡʱǰ£ô˵أĸףϾѦˡ޿㲻лҳģⱭƺˣ˵¡˵˱ָָǰľƱ
˳ӵضƱһʱ£һûôһ˱Сٻ֮ңܽһشˮ
ѭӥ˫۽񴣬˵ȥ
̫享飬˱ڶʹ꣬ڵҲһЩӪ¾á
ѭĬ֮󣬺ݺݵˤеľƱԬ
˴£˭ҲˣΤӦʱΤӦʱֻܱίߣ˳֮ϣĻһֶûᡣ
Ѧk˵ѺȻԩӵϤƵϣ޶֤ɴµһܰùģⰸѦkϣǰѶƣ²ӡź˵Ĺϵ㱻˸׳죡
Ѧkһ¶ң͢һ涼ѣﱾͲ̫²͢Ʒ裬¹žϲطѦkȻҲڣԭ˵ĸ鿴רһ˵ġ
ѦkƺأѲ赱ƺȣһ¶ǣһԲ
Ѧˡշ˻˵ǰ쵽βˣ᰸Ѿ˱µİͷ󣬲֪ǺˣܷһȨǲӦòʲô泯ɣ
һ˵ҶЦˣæ˵ˣ³Ժ󹬣᰸֮ȻҲҪѵͺ󹬵ģ֪֪Ǹ֪ľ͸泯أ
Ѧkɫ䣬ĻʳҲòأȻ棬kǰ˵һ޷Ӻź˱ʿԭȻʶֻЩ£һȥʶ˺飬ҲʶˣߣһߣһαѧζͶһļϡżҹٽ䲻ߣ˱ҲǸٻ֮ңżҺΪȨ󣬶źǰķСӦǱżҵļҳͶˣһ֮ѣ˵ţݺݵ˱ӣҲ˲ˡ
͢Щִٵس˳䡣
˿ڲ裬һЩŭɫȻҲ⣬ԼֶŮԼֶŮ棬ΪһŮʧ̬ĸŹķţ
һݣһصȻźĹͷӲĺܣ麫ǡνģݺϣǺǵİɣ
û֤ûܺңһ㣬ȫ˶֪
ѦkĿбӣȻϸڻҪԬԬģ£͸¶
΢΢ɫһҲû׷ȥǲεĻ⣬ˣмʳƵķӣ̫ҽԺ˵ŮģǰԹΣɫǺ˲٣͢ȥҲԼˣûϢأ
͢һ϶ʱ糺죬ͷԥһᣬźѦkһлȡӵģǰζѦkжһĮӣĻţֻԼϯлǰ˷ӡ
ⳡ𲢲죬ֱŤĶˣѦkһӣҲû˼ƨˣһ򷢶ȥ
ȥ·ϣ͢Щţ˫һֱڽŪȴֲɸʱɫ˵˾䡰ҶȾơ͢ʱؼҶûüʳڡ
ѦںԺ鷿ŪĺͼȻ뿪ãȤģԾдȡ
ôҲ
оѦkԼ£Ѧڰ಻סתֻԼСµõܡ
˵һˣ۵úܣ˵
ѧϣŹϣſšѦת£˼һʵˣûл˰ɣ
Ҵδ
Ѧе˵ͷþȫºң۲νС
ң๼
Ѧk˵õȻ·ⲻһ뼺޹صϷ
ǰֵģźӣǣǶ˴ˣģȴǼλĺ飡
ЩѦkͲ˸һ
ԩͷծһͿһ˰˵ģЩڱʼٸߣҲҪͬĴۣ
ֻǡǷѦȣ֪ǶǴûκεǣѦжԿλֳûʮİգһʧأܻѦҡ
Ѧķͷսȭͷһʧأһе
Ѧļ򴽵ǷǰģֹһȻһе
үС㵽ˣ
˵ĶԻѧϴϣѦѣ˵
δ䣬űƿѦѩ̤ŶλˣȲҲ֪һ


154
Ѧѩ̤Ŷ¶Ц⡣
׽ãѦкѦkȴûܵů⣬Ըв
ѩǲ˵ãɹ㲻𣿡Ѧk˳ִţĴһ£ȷûпɵ
ĸ˽Īǵѩʹթ
ǵǣҲŲѩǵŲǡ
ѩȻЦЦߵ£յ˵ζҡöδˡ
ѦнһյȲ裬Էŵǰƺϲϧˡ
ϧĺֹǺĺóףƺҲϲ
Ѧѩû˵˳ϾΪһ֮ǰܺó֮ȻѺɷ볯ڰ˵һ죬㡰Ƭ岻ºˡ
ԡѦѩһת˵λ绹ټӰѾڳ͢˺ó֮ǰֳĺó֮ǡ
벻ѦѩȻֱԲ䣬Ѿװˡ
ѦkĬȻ˿ڲ裬˵ѩûȥ֪򲻴֮ҪȷѦүĺó֮ϤòǡϾЩѦүɲֹһӡ
֮ķ̣Ѧѩ᲻֪ѦȴˣáĿ⣬ɲ˴£Ѧkô̶ΪԼ׵ֳὫ
áѦаѲյǰһƣֳõҶ׼̨ˣ̻kּٽҵıڻĸв˾󿪷֮ţĶ̩㣬ѲƫһСУĿǰյʽ𣬲°ʲôˡһǾ仰нɼ
ˬˣҲĨˡƿ˾ܸıҪʽ𣬲£ǰľɲԣλټӰѾ٣ֳһ
һߣθڻСѦk಻ס̲סЦ
ѦнסǳһĨ׽Ц⣬ãһһġ
Ѧѩŵ棬㲻ٶԣǶȥ
λ֮ͣѦkүƢڰסķϵĲյ
ͺ鱨Τ֪ǵģ˼̷˾ҲֵŰ裡
ҪȺˣͿɣ⽭ɽܹЩеģ˭Ӯ˵һ㣬ôԽԽסΤ֪֮£ԺҪᣬһΤӦʱ֪׷ĺҲҪ֪ҳ
ߣΤӦʱǴ룬ԼҲƲɾôҲ벻ʮǰΤӦʱͺտʼʱ֪㶴˺ҵİ£
ϧ֪뿪˳ˣߣǰ
ͻȻԼ˲ˣѦæס죬šü˼
Ѧk˫ȭҧ£κˣֻңûб
Ѧлǲ˻⣬δ֪ľĿǰϷѾͿӦˡ
ⳡעν󣬿Ϊ˱ǰ֮һ˵ȣ޷ˡ
ܣһڳ߽ˣǣȴһ׫Ǳǳ˺尲صĹټ̷ַ˾
̷˾ĹټҼԺԹɫʸȨ磬̷˾ͽҲ磬˽̷˾鲼̨жֻڳ̷˾̾û
ǣ̾Ľ̷˾ճ˺ֻϺꡣ
ˣõΤ֪֪̽һҽܻ¸ļ¼˲ᣡ
ҵĸĸ٣Ǻģ
ȻҪʰ̷˾һҪ㹻ʽ𣬶ҪܰƻľѦѩĺðŲۡ
Ѧkǲѡ
Ӫڳ˾Ӫ꣬ҪѦѩҸְ͵ϣѡ
ѵģʽ
ңѦkǳҰ¹󣬵񻧲飬ֻҪһıŮ͢в˾˿֮ţҲѡټѦΣһ޷졣
֪͢ǲ֪֮ԸⱻѦkãǾˡ
Ѧkѡ֮ӣȻߵĴţֱϲֻҪѦչУʽţһжˮɡ
ңѦһλƽãѦѩ
ưߣǸһ֮֮ϵĺλôѵзĻᣬҪշѦȣѵģ
յĻƻ裬Ȼꡣ
߲ˡѦиֶŴ谵ɫ΢΢
ҲãȥһˣֻһᣬѦkȻתʵѦѾںݲˣ纣ס᲻ʳ̩ͣ
ڲ⣬ˡ
Ҷ˶һæ⿴ȥ
ֻҶƿţϻ༸صɫ˿ˣеŵݸѦУ纣ţ̩Ÿ׵ţʳ̩͵⡣
ȥɡѦпżɫۺãַŵϡ
Ҷ岻⣬̩Ǹ׺Ѫ㡪
Ϊ̩ͣҲ׷ֿǲֿҲô֦ڣܣҲнľ档ʱӲ̩ͱϲ⣬Ҳˡ
Ҷ֪Ѧеı࣬סǰס֣ļ
һǻȥɣٴҲ⿴ǶǿѦk䲻ðôһ仰תʧڲãĺɫ
պ󣬴ҵ͢ٶ𶯡
֤ɽ¸˼̣ԶһŭһĶԺƫĵ磬ͥ׼˴µĽ᰸£նףұ
Զʮһʢģ˰Ļһڳ׳䶨
һѹĻƻ裬Ѧkһλ֮Եķڣ
ǰ֮Ĺ
̶̵֣ӡţ˴󳹴֮ǰ
¼ĹƷĹã·ﶼ޹ء
Ҷ׼ͬûа취ֻ볤ߵǰԳ
͢ΪΣȴĸ˹
ѾˣĳҲǱ˰ɡ
㲻ѦkͷҲֻ̧͹˼ھơ
ѾּΪɣѵһûҪУ尲ǺεȵĻ硪
Ҫ尲Ѧkʧأݺݵ˾ƿӣ꣬ǰҲ尲ĺӣȻգȴ尲ĳԾƵ裡ÿÿں֣
͢ͷԼ£ãŰɡѦ̯ӣǷҪģҿװơŲʣһ죬ǻö֮վǰʱ˭Ҫ⣬ӱܡǡӵһ𡭡


155
ת΢δת䣬ʱڣһ㶼ᵽĻʼ԰ΧԡΧϷģɴСȫʵ۵飬⼸ǴҵĶ֮ںò׻ָƽҲһˡ
ԶԵһֻǧ˵ΧԶ飬ƺƵĻʼ԰Էȥ
ʱڣȾһԤŷյĻɫеĳ佫ǰ̫ƽʢݺݵظһ飬ԶãһԳ۳ң
֪䣬ڻ̵ĴɽԽԽԶ
ȻһֻýıӴӲݴСಡش˳Զ۵һ̧ǰȣ˻
ǧһ֮ʣֻúߴһСġһ֧Хֱֱ˱ӵüģһĶӣ
Զѭȥһλͷڵ꣬һƥغڷĿ԰ٲ۳Ҷ
ȶѭǸϤӰ΢΢㶣·صʮǰ
ʮǰδڵȣҲڣźһ֧Լһֻǰ¡ʱӢµĶӣΪʺϵĽӰˡ
ڸУ˭
ȼ٣ˡ
ѭڴӻлعµ꣬˵̧ͷ
̧ͷȾмƣ
˭
£΢Уξκߣľߡ
ߡţ֣ɡ
κ֮ʱӴæӵѭȥ֮ʱѭԣκ
ΧʦسԶѰ˸ͷż˳ۡ
ǰһɼžܵһʵƣ׷׹ءѭʰϣƿ˳ĸš
ڼžˣȴɾģյĺ貶Ա
ѭֹסͨԼȻ߽˺ԺϦ£鷿ад֣ϳ˼ͱīֽ⣬һ衣Ƚ£Ҳ޽ֻһһƶѧӡģ̬ȳ羴ꡣ
ѭ߽ȼ
̧ͷϵɫƽתΪ죬ú˫Ŀ졢˫䶯κ³֣ʡ
¬極ľ¬ӵѭڵפãûнȥ
֮Ȼָλ˽㡣
Զʮһ﷢һУƺƽ޲
ͬ죬Ҷ׼尲լۡеضŪŻŮҶԨ棬һûһ¼ö̩˺̩ʢе̵㡣
̩ڱ𣬼ѹ̩ʢռ䣬̩ʢ벻ٿȥֻܷɿգԣҪô𷴻Ҫô֮á
Ҷ׼ѡ˺ߣ׼رձݵ̩ʢԸѦȾѦȵĶԹһ̩ʢԳصģЩ£һʱ
¼ú˲ᣬһԣҶ׼ľ
Ͼһر̩ʢϹľӪһ
Ҷ׼ɫ糣СذŮȻ¼õļʵⲽ뿪
¼û⣬º̩ʢȻж£ݳڣǶ̩¡
ҵ̽磬ûƽãкͶ̩㣬ա㡱ѣת۳ͷ
к޲ðѦͽŪκζ̩ǿоֻ˵а˰٣һǧ
ңҲϾ˼УΪɵĶ֣ȣֻˡ
Ȼû볯£¶ľλ˵һСط֮󣬲Զյĳ׷׹λ
յȨ֮£ϣǷôһͳ徢𽥹ڳš
һһɪͥҶѦǣҶ壬ͥԺʵ⡣
ݵ죬ҲôôҶָطһлĺģЩᡣ
ûгˬҲôȻ᲻ˣ
Ҷ年ЦЦתҲǣұ޸ĸƼȥģұȥġֻǡ֪С׼㣬ԸԸ⡭k᲻
Ѧ̾һǰӵһܿˣǣû·Ҳû̫ʱȥ廳
ôô죿
Ѧ򴽣k֮в˾Ѧȴ󿪷֮ţֻҪǶ̩ĴֻһɷУټڻƲ׬ѣкѣؼѦԸϹ
ǰ֮ıʹͳԹΪѦкѦkȻΡǣǰ֮Ҳһˣ֮֮ǰ˵ǰ֮ȻѾһǱûκε·
ҶȻʲôϸֳһĨģѧϡ
ɷģѧϸĸףĺܡ
Ҷ˵ͷ˲䣬þ᲻뿪
תｫҵһϲ͡
һɫ峿δ̩һһ˺šʻ뺣ݸۡѦģѦеġͺšĺִͬǹģҲΰص¥ںı纣¥ء𺣬ֺˣѦһģһ
̩ڶ̶һʱѸں򣬴ȡ̩Ͷ֮ļƣģĺóԽԽ࣬ҹ﷫𺽣ﲻв˾Զ̩˽յĵȣ߲֣Ϊ󿪷֮ţذ죬ʱС
ΪҲһƽ𺽣һʱ֮һϢԽ
˺ţˣ
ݸͷʱһƬң
ѦǺ̩Ƕ̩ͻǶ̩㣬촬պͼԦ֮ʮ־տÿҴʮֺˮܸգͨ˴ټﻹǽͨĸ׶Ӧ磬ܰģ˺ŵĸףǺ̳﷭
в˾ʹҹںݸѶһͨõĻѰݸյ磬ۿһƬɱ
в˾յϢһֽڶʹٸۿڣԭв˾ʹֻ󣬼ѶĬʲȻֻԼݴõһЩ֤ݺ󣬲˲Щ˵죡
˺ȻѾ뺣ףûи߳ļգƬ嶼Դ̡
ʹ֮ʣȻ뵽ݵһҺ̩̩͡
ʱ纣춦̩ĴӼϣֱ
̩ô£ѦȴûӰڶʹ֮ʣ⺣ؽݱӳûĶ˺Ųдд̳һĻƷҵͭǮѹûں׵ģԼ
ڶʹ鳭̩㣡
峿ںݸ۵£˰ӼʱѾԶ۵
谵£ѭɫ粻̲Լ̫¡µһڹԱ˰ͦѦУĶվ£սս
ҵͭǮ˽ɳ壡
ο˹ģ˽ң״Ρ
ѭеӣӻֽѦѦѾŻѦ޹أûϺͿʱ
ѭδȻһ󡰸OO@@ĽŲһЩӵײǻңѭķͷ£ŭ
£
ŭһ˵
ҴæСܽʹ޵£ˣ
һʱɫСĸսսҡҡ׹
ѭ򶨣˫ֳģ˿̵ʹģڷŭ
ֱȭսѭÿɷ񣬶飬尣ɣ͢㣬УӢ󡪡
δ䣬лҵ̳ء£Ѿ˻ʳǣšͷ
ʲô
ѭ󾪣ֱֱվ
δعڵȺѾ̱һ룬֡
ջսһѱףʱ˼ɫ
ҪЩܵԹΪ


156
¡
һ󰧺ѭȥȴͷɢ˽ֱѭȻĴȣʹޣ¡ǵĺۡۡ
ɥ֮ʹν£˲Ťȥͷٿ
ѭıмȱʹϧȴ˵䰲οĻǵĶȷʵˣܸ˵ʲôҲȻ
ѭһᣬȻָΤӦʱΤӦʱ㣬ţӸ
ΤӦʱãֽʳ֮УҲɿˡһ£ΤӦʱӹתȥ
ΤӦʱ뿪Ȼ˾֮תʡΤˡΤĲǿеǰϾ⳼һηսͶѱ䣬Σգ񻢷˳ȥ¡
кߣ
ѭһŭȣʣµĻò˻ȥΪ֮ƣҲֻԴ
侲ѭڻָһЩǣӵĻ޵ʮǾ֮ʦΤӦʱ˻һתǹͷʳǲ̽ȡ
뵽ѭȡĻ㣬ڳǣ
־ϲæӹȥ
ѦпıӰнԶڷ£һԣ֪˵˵
˵
ͳϽųʮб򣬱߱ɱԼڲִ֮ļɢ£Ҳʮǳӵʮ򣬻б͢ڳʮ֮ڣֻҪ˳õƲ÷óѣ
ѦһѭĲ΢ͷǡ
Ѧлһת˵ղŶΤ˵ۣ䲻޵Ҳֻ˵һ롣֪ڻʳǵĽɱ¼ε죬δнվͳ˧Τ˵Σܷͬͬ£ɣδ֪֮˳ΪָһλŵùȥΤ˲֮ߡ
֮˭ʣ
񴡣֪ڱ¼λ֮һֱȾͳ죬ȨȾ֮ӣҲ˳£˲
ǵ˲۷׷ףڻʳ֮⣬ʹʣҲû취Ծǽ֮͢
ڴʱڷ£˵Ҳɣ뾴ЩŤסﴦվ빬ȥ˭֪䣬ʳǳȥˣӦûڻʳ֮С
ˣ˵
ѭһԣҵ֮д񴣬սۼʥּﵽǰȡΤӦʱ
ΤӦʱռ㱻ʥּ˱Ȩˣ뷴ֱ㱻˸ʵ
󵨣˵Ⱦ·ϣ
ΪףоǴʥּ˶вӣΤӦʱڽ֮к޸˻ŷεŭȣһ˵ȣ޶ԡ
Τˡ񴻺ǰļ򣬡Ȱ㻹ǰһ£ݣǹۣʱҴʬȥ˵ǱѾɱ±»᲻ɣ
㡪ǹ˽𣡡
֮ϣǹ׵ѷӹϵһ죬֪ôˣΤӦʱѺΣã
֮űΤӦʱǰ棬ԼͣΤӦʱûȵԼֵ񴡣
Զ۵һļʮϵѦϣѦյĶӣȻûʲôøУǰЦ벻ҷ˾ţ֮õıȨѴ֮㵽ˣĸŷ磬ѧһֺû
ĻţȻڴ˵ȺãӦǵǵǰİɣˣõ
ʱһóһ·һʱΣϷŸտʼЦģӮң
Ż򿪣ٶƺԤ֮У⣬Ӧս
ֻʾһſ
˺սһĿȻûʲôЦ벻ս񴣬Ҳ̸ֽ֮ǳڵľ񣬵ֻˣûʲôɹǵˣۿ˿֣
Ѧ²٣ȵıʮɨ۹ȥԶԷȻأʵҲ˸߰˷֡
֮󣬽ʿ䣬ɱȥ
׵ܣҲ֮գ֮䣬Ѿ쾫ӭ˹
˫սغȲⳡжѴĽƺҲôսֻҪȴĵ񣬲⡣
ת۷ڰʱ֮
ȺȻ֪ʱѾתΪս飬ǰĴ£кͶƣƸ֮ƣҪĺ󷽳彫ȥ
ۼҪ嵽Լĺ󷽣ȴæıսҪΧߣɺȻ֮䣬ĺ󷽾ɱһ֧̳Уټġ֡
ˣԭ񴲻սԭɢø󷽵͢ɱһͨȻšһȻԷɢܱߵȾѹ
͢񴣬ǭе浶ǹģټʵıһģ飬ЩǮսıǵĶ֣ܿ㲻ж֣Ȳδ٣ǻصս֮ϣ࣬ĳ룡
ʱսʣԽԽãҪǼˣسǵʿȴŵţӲسţһ˿϶鼱֮£ǿҪԻٳţ
ѭ֪ʱվڳǵĳǽΪ۵ס
ȡʱǧȷ滹ȷ棬ֻҪͷһǣಿٴ򿪳šԭܼ򵥣䣬սӮ۳ɰܣֻܷ۳ɰܣȿ϶·ȴڿ顣
·һ򿪣ͬʿΪȵ֮룡
ʵϣȷˡ
֪ŵķǼء
ţгڳǧʻõ˽ĺȨĹģ
ѭ΢˫ǧһ֮¶ģջıಿԬ죬سš
ҹսȥ¶һĨ΢⡣
ȱܣ͢Χסѭվǽĵӣ
׽ĸ׺Ͷӣȴĵˣ
ȺȻЦһ˲أ
Ѫߵһɲǣѭ̲סʱеظܵԼ˵ĸףȥһ̣ԼҲͨһа׷ͺڷ˵ı
Ȼ߱ǣǸ
ʰо֮֮͢дһϢˡ
Ҷ¬極Ĺڵ֮ƿڴ£ֱԵ¬ںʼδݲѭãΰｫĥɥӣ޶˻Ѧ񴣬ѭĹ⣬ҩʹѲһʬУȵȵȵȡɫֱһ˼Ҿ硣
ѭ˷ٸϺ¬ȥ߰籡
ףԭĸҲδãǸΪҩ˸ʧȥΪĸԭĸ׵⼸ʮ꣬ìܣ˫¼š⣬ѾõĽ֡
һг䶨ѭ룬ΪѦ˽ȱ㰴಻סҪ䡣
ЩǽѲԭҲѲ
ȺѦȹᣬʼʩͨ˽ʱڻ۾޸ټϽ̷˾Ǯɫ½ԼȦ֮һһĻТĺϷس
̫ᣬΪƾǭеǵľھ޽ȲѴ֮սı˯֮бԼĸ䣬˵ꡣ
Ѧȵǣ˺еܣμңڲȵĺ󳾣ѭж鳭˺Уλǳ־Ѿѭʧ񣬸
ԬѦ뺫˵ľɰʱ˳ϣΤӦʱ̳Ҳ޿ɲء
һưܵ䣬λ֮ӵ̳ͷܵİܣʷ̳


157
ΤӦʱְŰ԰̷尲ϼңѾѭ˱ˣٿسͳˡ
һҹ֮䣬ΤһУΪΤ䣬ѦдС
ĲҪôҪôɥȪΨһҴģֻΤ䡣
ڻվǰҪлĵơ
лң֪֮ǰֻһ仰ĸ֣Ҫš
һкĿȥ֪꣬ʱҾѪԹߣǡΪ֡
֪ѲںڣֻںĺӣɷԼһڵСӡ
Τ򴽣˼һ˵ټ𣿡
Ǹ֮ǰ뿪ڿ¸ϲˡ£˵󲻴˵ССܻġ
ⲢѦедǣҶȷʵѱУϾƷĶעҶա
ѧײ˺ǿ뿪ˡ
̩˽·Ѧȱܣعǳ£ȻѾı·繥䲻ϡ
ȵ˼Ѧƿء
ѦkΪǰǿ𣬱֪뵽д˽֣ȻǻһֱĻ᳹򣬾ŵֻǽطãپ¡
Ҫ˭ҲЩнǵĶϷѦеҲѳɹˣοǰ˺󣬸ԼԼƽ˫״˭Ҳ¡
ǣڶڣҪ׷һõһѦе˷ֵδһ֮ǰв˾ҪҡǮ
ĿģԶ
ıɹѦһкĿ³˵ν룬δų̨꣬󣬵һҪɱģȫ̲µѦˣûκһܣǣܡ
һ޷ֻˡ
尲
Ҷ֮ʱֻһ۵Ůޣ˫ۣؿ
һµżĴУ
֮æƿ˽ˣ£
㣿ģ尲أ
أҴҴǣˣôëꣿԼҲùһ¶ĺӰ
ʲô
Ҷ㶵ؿһĲţ
ţһ¶ˣһôҲ˴⣿ˣһ·ɴ
Ҷһס֣־ϲ㣬˵ҡкˣ
Ҳڼս΢Цŵ˵ͷĴУû£ȳ˵ľȶˣġڣҪش尲Ҳȥ壬ĿģԺиˣ
ҶϸֳһĨůЦ˫ֲԼСЩ⣬Ǿϲĵ֪ǲԤһȫȻͬ
ô
Ҷ׼ڷ⽹صţһ㼱ææѯʡ
ƽˣƽҸѾ˵ˡ
Ҷ׼ŷһ·־Ͷ٣ӵʱĻ˯ɢҩЧûԲѣʱⷢУ̥ȣһϴǲ󡭡
ǶԵеˡҲǵģҲǵһˣôô¶¶ģɴ
ҲִкˣȷѪ꣬ÿ˶Ϧǧһ֮ʣܽ尵͵尲Ѿǽ߾ȫˡ
Ҷ׼ɵЦЦǣҪ뿪Ȼ֮ʲôתؿ֮󣬹Ѧȣ㲻֪
ᵽǸˣǰȻתΪ䣬·Ǹˣ޹ϵ
֮˻ش𣬡Ͼ죬ԣܻҲ
ҵķĳ
Ƶ΢Цڣֻ밲ȵؽˣģ޹ء
أҲ޹أ
Ҷ׼ּˣ͡һЦסı䣬ĵҪû㣬˭أ˵ûйϵ
ߺߡ
Ҷ׼΢Ц˳ưӵ
Ѧȵ£ܻ֪ģҲںһʱˡ
ܹѦյֶӣѦյϣѭ˱ƣȫʬѦѩԸҡƽӹȴ޿κε븮ץ֮ǰѸԾ֮ǰڴõλϣλãȻδõ
ݴϢһҹʧ٣һѦͷĸʬ
ܣֻͷڷĺӡѦȺѦѩӣֻĺúӣͷ⡭
Ѧɹһ
Ѧ˷£ǹٹڸײǰТ
Ѳջǿ棬±ѭѹ˰º׼ࡣ
Զʮһĺ
ݶ̩ͣʽӭţǱǵѦС
һ꣬Ѧݣֻ˷ǣЩȥĹˣ۶𣬽ɢ
ݸͷϧֱĿĺԽԽԶʧ
壬ҵڶ߹ѣһΣ䳾ڶΣûôǿΪһ޵ġ
βһˡ䳾ѾվȽŸȥƯҲǶڻѡ˷֡ϾѦաֻôһߣؾ̤Ь߱ģҲٴ
֪ˣαصزûлأٶĻᣬһһˣֵ˭
Ҷҡҡͷ˵˵ʹѦգΣִŵģֻһûеõӰӣǲʵģ֪ʵѦʲôõ񻹻᲻ִţǶԵòĶִִԽԽã˵ˣԼжԼˡ
Ц峤˰أ
ǾҲǣһգ۾ˣ벻϶ѡ

ںݸ۴ȤѦкҶ׼ڸ¥ԶԶؿˣյƷ衣
̩ˣĲҪˣҶ׼üؿѦС
͸СֶŮˣ׼ļױ
ߣҼļױõ׼
ѦЦһȻɫ尲Ȼ㶼﹫̫࣬кУվͻУ޴˵ǸǷ֮ءݰɣڡ
Ͳ⣿
뷹޻ˣ
ǵ߳ƵѦүֱһСɷ
ǡ㣬ʲôУҼ찲Ӿͺá˵¼úҲ纣ѧϰ˭˭
˵ţүˡ
벻Ѧkô죬Ѧе˴ظһλ֮͡
֮ʱֻѦkںѧҶԨͥԺ֮ˣѦk·ۿҪˤֲǰס߸߾
Ѧˣǽ̲Ả·ģҶ׼ҡҡͷ˵ĸܶմ˿ȸҲǰܶˡ
ѦkҲͷֻǰرԹԵɵЦ
һ͢ûһ˵ºҶ廷һȦûˡ
ʥ¡Ӧúܣ߲
߲㲻Ը
ѦkĬ
Ҷ̾˿αءɼżˣ㻹Ҫִŵʱӡ
δ䣬ѦнֹסЩ£˵˵ͿǵģЩʻǿԼĵӡǣô˵
kˣͶסհɣǶ̩;ҪϲˣȱϲߣѦʱ⡣
ѦküŶҵҪȢˣûҶֻ檣Ѧ˵ţɻء
СѦһԾ𣬳䲻ж£ת뿪á
ѦkӦع֮ʱǿտҲ޷ֻܿıӰɵۡ


158
ѦӭףɹѦĴܹܣΪѦѧϣӣݴ尲̩ˣǿǿϣӵ̴ӣǧ겻䡣
ⳡϲ֣۷׷ףѦǽⳡϲ׳һ⼸Ļ
ѦүӾҲˣȻȽŲ㣬񲻴ŹһһؾˡѦҵСѦڲ࣬⻹˵һμѦʽݵǳⲻȣλŮ²ѷɫڵռҵ̳Ů
̩˵ҶүҲЯŮݳн˵˶˱ǵҶ׼ɵݵ˱Ͼֹ࣬ȥ֮ãӡܹģʹǶΣ͢׷ˣЩƽͷջ׷ʲô͵෹̸ʰɣ
ҹĻ٣ңѧϺͶž࣬
Ҷ忴ͥԺ̲ס£סƵ֡
ô᲻ˣ
ȡЦˣѧֳֻ
Цأֵ棡֪ѧǫãã˺ѧϺѧѵѰٵȥʲô壿ҿ纣
ˣЩˣæֹ¾ͲҪˣҶҸ״˵ΰ
ǡ¼á
˷ˡأɫҲˣ˪иʧҿɶԲסδСӣԷطЪϢɡ
ô࣬ҲŸģ
Ѧе˶ȥֻѦпҶ壬طɡת֮ʱͷƵضһ仰ٺҾͰѧϴﾾȰ㣡
ϰֲ˺
ҶЦҪѦԴһ˲
Сĺӣ
ģΪȵúܣߣطȥ
Ѧҵˮϯ죬ڽȴ᲻ˣòף벻࣬ͷѿһƺڷ
һûһʰŶҶ׼ҲûвȻձ𣬽űϤĻ
׼֣
Ҷ׼£ǣʲô˳סѦڣ
е㣬جΣϾ̫ࡣ
ûʲôȥˡǣʱȥ

񣬡Ȼ尲
ԣ尲ЩϢһ綯
˼ҵӦţ̴
Ҷ׼ϣĺ󾱡
׼Ѧ
Ҷ׼ĳرԽǲ׼ԽҪģҹ˹ǵġ
šǰư͡
Ҷ׼΢Цس硭
һ磬Ҷ׼ǹѦˣ˹ҵ
ͭ죬һ·ϾͳˣӣؿżˣΪⱲӶطϾǳʵģˣ᲻ˡ
Ȼת
廳ûж⣬ӦʱѾһլۡǰ
컹аݷг̣㶵תͷҶ׼
ߣǻؼˣ
ʲô
Ҷ׼ǣȻСرŬŬ죬߰Ÿ
̧ͷլ֮ۡϣȻһдšҶֵң
׼ǡ
ǵ¼ңȥϲϲ
ʱ־ϲ˵ںݶӣǡ̩˻尲
һģ̩˾ġ¼úѾݵ·ˣеĵַѡ˼䣬һȥƣļʾļ䣡ʱ̩˵һңǾͿҵˣ
׼ʱۿסı䡣
ԭ˼һֱ֪
ȻãݳǣǰĺݳǣǶʮǰ֮ͯʱĺݳǣݳǣκεʹ䣬еģֻ񾲡á
ʱѦСҶ塢ѦkҲˣͬҶǨ֮ϲ
ԭô˶֪̩ҪǨݣֻԼڹҶ׼ѵǰ¶Ů̬˶ˡ
Ȥ֮䣬ȻһŮӵλˣǵĺû㼰ʱ
ŤͷȥȻ͢
kŵ֮ѹұ뾩ˡ˵ţ͢Ѧk߿˿ᳶס䣬մѦǱҶǨ֮ϲټæ˷ݺ񣬻Ҷ˲Ҫ
Ҷ׼лѦﻰã׸ԡѷǳ֮ˣҶˡҵ
Ŷˣƺһүٺʲˡ
Ѧ˼Цˣλ
֮ʣҶ׼±ƣˣϯｻڣ͢ŵյ£˵Ѧk尲ʱڸжԾƵ衢һܵĳЩԸѦk˱ƣһ
Ѧkûоٱ˶ϯȥˣŤͷȻΪ˵𣿡
͢ϵЦݶʱסľƱڿУ֪ǸǸ÷š֮һ¾ƱЦһkǣҲǶõķޣʱ㣬ġ
˷ݣǡ
ңΪˣ
־;ֻ밲ȴ˵УʤΡ
kױⲻģǾ֮µĽѵ̫̣һʱ鼱Żᡪ
ΣѦkʧģѾ뿪޳룬ĳĺӻȥĵλԼȥѰѰˣҪɱҪУѦk档ûʲôܰġ
Ȳ룬Ҹ˵ˣαء
ֺαأ
͢˵׵뷨뷨룬ɲ͢Ҳ룬ѦkҲٱ磬ΨȻȻϯ
Ѧмȥ˹˱ƣ̾е£͢δôģαǨŭǽᷢޣѵҪԹһӲɣѷΣѰ㣬Լ̨ףɡ
Ѧkͷ͢įıӰ΢΢ȭ
ҹţѦk֪ζԴԼˣΨв¡
ȻһӰѦk˿Ѿ˯͢󣬹Ȼš
ӰǱ;ӣ
Ѿķϣȥʲô
֪ˣѦkƾҪ׷ȥȻһ˫ֽסֱۣͷȥȴ͢ԭҲǼ¡
ȥҵġ
ÿ˳һ䡢塢촦ȻչأˣϾģսս͢˫磬Ѿ̫಻ӦΣʵѾһ
ʧȥһУʧȥѦk
Ѧkм¶ӵУḧıûµģҿأҡ
͢䣬κ󣬻ɿ
ѦkһᣬȻϵתʧڲãҹɫС
ѧѧѵҲˣһϸ;ӣſͷ·ȥ
ƺ쵽ΣգȻ鵶ȷˣ
ѦkûбУһСĳ˿󱻻һ
ѧѵˣʱŭí˾ǺɱȥǺ˼ѦkˣƺҲסˣȫûѧѵĵ棡
˵ʱʱ죬ѧһٽסѧѵĵ棬һ䣬ˣ
֮ʱѦѱѣ֮⣬ʱƻͨ


159
ѧǫ־ܰɣ
ѧѵס㡭ѧǫ
ŶĻѶʱ;ѧǫ޿ΨгɴѦ˵ү˺ңүʧˡֻȡشүһ㶫ûسˣᡭ
Ҫʲô
ٷ˳ʱٷױдµĴ顭үǰΨһԸѧǫѧǫһҪɣ
Ĵ飿ðΣգΪȡһŷֽѦȻЦ֪ˣαصαص
ѧǫߵͷүү˶ˣͲҪˣŻ飬үǣңȻһŷֽβ󷢴ȱȫԸ
ѦгĬĿ
Ҳͬ⣡
һɤ˻ס

㡭
УҲͬ⣬ֽ飬Ӧᣡ
ٷˡѧǫؿ
Ҵˣ಻Ĺֽ飬йأ޾ʹԺӣѧǫǿңһҪû
ѧǫүԸסİ֮ǸˡˡҲིܶ
ã㲻Ҷ׼˱˳ֶһ֧ȼյĻѣԷȥſسһ󣬹ϵؾѣȥ
׼Ѧ֮ڵĴȼ𣬺ܿԭ֮ơ
үҪȻ𡭡ѧϿѦеĶߣʵ
ˡҪи˽ᡭ
ѧǫؿԵĳ⣬£ڵء
ʵ̱ʹǰѧǫߣᰲļ򡭡
ⳡֱյҹһƣ̬ȴѺ˯⡣
ѧǫúѦǿ˿ڣ£Ѧļңߣһ̲ⱲӣΪѡ
ѧǫмүǰӣֻѧǫǴүˣⱲӶһȥˣүСĹڣүѾˣֽ飬Ҳ˻ҽҲûʲôˡֽ飬ǴүĵҪĶһֱԷ
Է˶˿˵ΣյĵطȫĵطѦ뿪Ѿ꣬˭뵽ںĶȻսߵ;ӣҶΪЯأ
һţվΡΡܡǼ䷿䣬ÿնڣÿ裬ÿʲҶһôû֡
ѧǫǿ̱ˣصٷ˿ɻǵãɻ֮үÿնȻڲ㣬һƷһ߾ױ
ѵ
ûŲүԶƵģһġ顷ġ顷ͷδ뿪
ˣ΢˫㲻Ҫ˵ˣЩ£ҲѧǫѦȿһλ֪㣬޽ģһجΡղ˵ģЩ;ӵʱ⣬һսսıĸľ仰һСľʹŭ
˵Ǵ˼ֲ⣬Щ£ʵڲܡҶ׼۵ס֣ʾԲȥ룬Ҳ˵
꣬ѧǫδܷ¶ԹִԺսǸδ֪ǣȻѦǣճɻҽˣǴҲиսᡣ
ѧǫ֮£ô㣬Ǹİס˵ѦЩֶΣ㲻֪ʹ㲻֪ӶžҰҩƵϿҲ˵һ֪ǡŲɣٺ˵ЩǵҵĹյ裬ѿ㻹ҵӣ㲻Ҫ˵ˡͬİ·õսᡣ
ѧǫ죬Щ˵ͷ
գѧǫ׼̤г̣Ҷ尲ͷЩ£Ҫи˽ᣬ˭Ҳ޷
ѧǫӹΪ׼İֻһ仰Բ𡭡
ԿЦø˵ԲûʲôԲҵġҲֶž飬Ѿ޸ѧϣ㣬Ҳ֮С
Ҳ
ѧǫʱ꣬ͻŰɣ˺лŮޣɡ
ѧǫ򴽣΢΢˵ͷȻ󣬾ϴ﷫ȥ
ԿźԶȥĵӿһɬ
Ҷǰס˫磬򴽵ǣȥɡ
һºѦٰһϲ£̩ʹ纣ӭȢѦԺԣһˣѦϲ£ƺԽԽ࣬ĻӦͱɢ˰ɡ
ҹ纣ƿԵĸͷӵ뻳㻹û׼ãҿԵȡ
ԲԲ֮˫֣ߴӵ˵
纣־ϲһס֣ס˫
ҹ¸գҶڷһûһźΣУãǷﴩĵãϲ֦ͷã
á
ڸѡҪˣܲϵģ
Ҿãοղ֦÷ãģˣֲˣҪôѡ
ߣ÷ǺãȥƸǲǣ
ѦһڲûԼҭҴҵذѲյһţʵ˵ʲô
֮䶼Ĭˣܸ˵ʲô
˭
ôˣ˵֮⣬㻹Ҳٻӣ
ģҿʲôûɣʲôɻ֮ǰʲô֪
ߣѦү֮λʹ˭Ȣ˯쾭ģҲûʸȥܡ
ԭҵСЩСžŰȻˣȢһΣΣ
ǵμ㣿ҲŲҪ˵ҵҲܷ𣿡
Ҫ˵ǰڻʵ۸ǰʷ˾߶ţȷʵǲңϾҪиһ㲻ͳɹѸ𣿿ͲһˣҲһѵרҵİѱԱ˳ŵ˵֮󣬷ҵӶȥˣ͢һһܵù
ٸƶ죡Ǹ޵ţҶ岻ںھãҲͦõģӹȥˣҪЩǺǻķȽڣ˱ǣ
ѦȺĺ룬˶ãҲûԼĴûǰ֮ɲ벽󳾡
Ѧжʱú󱳼ӿһಡ⣬ȷʵҪȢΣװ߲С
͢УصΪҶһźΪ³çоǸˣҶƣЩ֣ߣЩɵΪ
ѦҶĴڣҶ壬ҲѦơ
ѶԷɱԼҪˣĪڴ˰ɡ
һ磬纣ԸѦкҶ徴裬֮ڣѹѹվݵˣأ
Ҷ忴ߵԣѾˣ⡢ٯٯˣǹ⸩Զʵô纣ֵЩʱ𣿡
Ե˫ʱ糺죬ߵͷ̧
Ҷ岻סЦ˳ưöοղ֦÷彻
һҶЦ⣬ˣ֣¡
һ£ѦkϵҲõòˣЩ͢²һ̲źѦkʯĳҲ⶯ݣЩҪ˵
ҡȥˡ
ʰҩ͢תȥ˫ֲһ٣Ϊ𣿡
Һ㡭Ҳ֪θദ
ԭΪ벻ʹѲҲûȡλáû£ںݺúˣҽиװ٣뼸ʱأ㼸ʱء
͢ҵ˼Ӧס
͢ȻЩʧأٿȻתѦk͢ʲôԲģ㵱그µĹΪʲôҪͷϣǰһȣ͢ŵ𣿣ѣ͢ȥ𣿣ѵ͢ľ𣿣ǡЩ£ңԼңδ룬һ֪ʲôƾʲôҪˣȢңԼͬģҪҵʱ򡪡
ˣ
Ѧk尲ʱҶĸ飬ģʹΪҪҶĸ飬ҲûвκβĶţ͢룬ң㵫սϵͥվͻسˣ㡭һǾ仰ʲôʱأʲôʱءأҹ¼ŴҲδΪɣ
͢
ˣҲЩðɡ
͢˵꣬ͷҲص뿪˷䣬תһɲûס
ѦkؿȥıӰԷ㶣͢δ


160
ԶʮԪ
ʵѭʽѸ£KΪ̫ӣԺɽΪ̫̫̫δ֮ǰϰְ֮
ĺʱڣ尲Уϲ󣬾**ķٲʢ
̩͵ĺͺšʻ尲˺ͷ꣬ѦбǴҴ޻صݣת۰ȥҴ»صУȻѾƾɣϴ񣬵½ӵ֮ںУǿεġ
̩˵尲ĲҵѾǨ߰˰ˣΨʣժǸҶ׼¿ҵһ˵ȣҲô˻ᣬ尲ʵΡ
ⱲӣЩǹȥģһҪȥҲõһ
Ѧkǰڣһû꣬һղسˣֱӢٻ尲ôҲҪټһ档
ժǸ󶥲㣬⿪ţҶ׼רΪ׼ġ
Ϊ˵һãӽֻһ
Ҷ׼ǰֻǸ˼Ϊ˸ĴȰϡǣ벻ˡ
ٴ尲Ҷ˵ʲôҲҪȥ尲ҹд֣µУѦпɲϰȺһδۻ˺ƷһƷ尲ĺҹ
£ĿЩƺǷڶǰǾͷǰա
Уǵ𣿣˵
˵£ͬһ̡˵ˣ͹ˡ
㶼ǵá
δ
ҶЦУδϿҹеĳˮ
δԷѾ˷ǣſڹŵģѾǡ󡱵ƣΨһģЩֽԡɫȮ
ɻãҶŤͷؿķ
һжá
ô飬ĸӲŲʣ
ɵϣô᣿ϾԼ޶ô᲻ŲʣʵǱµһģѱΪ̫ӣϾδ꣬ȣ£̿ѦյȻãЩ󹬵ֶΣǱߣλתҲȻȻΪʩߡܱĸӵʱ뿪׵İšٵǴ󱦣´󶨣Ѿвʱȥıȥģûٻ˼ɡ
ǡ߳ΪʩߡνģԼսΪԼˡ
ڵ֮ңӦǵģǴɲء
ߡѦȳһţָͱˣ
ôˣиȻһ䰡
Ѧзӻһͺˣȥ֪ԼҪΡ
顢顱尲ҹкȻ̻죬ҶʼϲŵѦеĻ
Ѧ΢΢ЦЦСӵһͬͷĲ񷣬ϣ¾ʹ˾ã

صС˵www.27txt.com ȥС˵
½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ