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Ԥաճİ~

д󽫾ɫ㳤

λսսȨ졣

ҹΣ￴ʱ氮Ľһսʱ汻Ю֣ΪԾ

ξѣȢΪޡ

ʱüܾĽ֮ˡ

Ƥһӻһʱͷۣ˵ˣҶס

Ѷ糾빬δȻʵۿڣ˫ֽͷϡ

ʵĬĬʥּջء

谭ˣϲʤɿǰŰܺʱ档

񣺣

˵õ˼أģʧˡ

--

ԴӺϺʱһһꡣ

ǸܾԼƺϣǰա

һЩСױƵĴȥ

Ѿûд֮ʱ棺ʵ㡭ҶԼϲʲô

ס죺׵ġ

ʱҭ

Ǻðɣֻó¶¡
==================

01

ʧҳ
2020.6.10/
[һ]
ԣ꣬ʮ³ߡ
Ͼǵⳡգˮδڴϣરᷳ
»δʱȴֻϡϡļɡĴæߵˡ
־ͷĺ¥ҹ֡
˵ԵɣȻ˵һ˵¥λĵĽ˺¥ţԽ˭֪¥λƵͷƣһںɤ𿣬ˣϧֻղ
նԶһǧΪպӭ븮
ůһϮ廨̰ܻƷֱߵĲ豭
š澫µüѹŭʣǲɿڣ
ѾһԣҲݣɲǣүģˡ
达ӣɸֱֵ̾Ϣ
Զһͷ˶˵˸üǮ׬һʡƫû֪һǰӣһ˽ߵѾ؋O
˷ԣʲôû
ȴҲ֪ôģǻ؋Oĸ첲ͽק᷿ճɴûüһ؋O̧źݺӵĶӡ
ʮĹʲôƫӺ˵ƣ؋Oһ£ֱӵŷڵء
һֳ¶؋Oڽͷֱ£¶û˷ӣɶӳ棬Ž˴ߡ
ô£ȻĲ
ҪͽضĻѾͷôĴͽȥСŰա
ʱ˵ˣǲô
؋OӰһֱڡ
֪؋OǹƢƫؽǰΪġ
̾ڰ֣ȥ彫Ҫģ¶պô
-
ڵϹ𣬴ա
ţµĴӴܽ
ſڽȥֱߣС/񣬹̨š
؋O˫ȴȴԾͦϸݵ֫
ߵѾ߽ıһĻ
ô؋Oļأ˵ףں¥ﳤѾߣ˵˭ĸ/ĽҲֻؽ壬ģᣬѫӵһģԸΪؽ
Ѿݵ؋OȽûټȫԸ
̾Ѿ˵Oɡ
؋OǣɴµףῪڣл㡣
Ѿߺ؋OԹ˵ֳ̨棬ֱӲ˫ȡ
¥ؽӣ؋OƵرܿˣš
շֺϣʹ
؋O˱ۣתߵԱߣСĹ£㡣
ˡͭǰŮ˹Ĩ࣬ɤת
؋O͵Ӧǡ
ؽ´ƿ££ɴȹڣת֪ΪҪ㷣𣿡
O֪؋Oϸݵļţɴס°ȴ̵ܿͦıߣǽ໤ĳͷֻǱȷء
ؽر߿ȥ֧žɵ°ͣǴô벻ףǵøȥԡ
؋O̧ۣﺬ᣺֪ҲԸġ
һۿ
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ˡ
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؋Oûϵῴͨ͸ֻګګοؽΪλҲнġ
ǡؽЦָһĿȱ㻬㵽׻ǲףѫ˼ҺġȻǰ⣬Ҷǲġ
ҩӷ£ؽɢĴ˺ǷҲˣһȥɡ
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˵˵һ⼸СϥߵĹϵǲһġ
Ʃӣ؋Oں¥ƶ˵࣬ʼԼĵط
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ûˣͭǰֽɴժ¡
̧ͷͷԼҶüϸһ˫ɾ¹ۺڰ׷ͦͷԲСɣһӣСڴɫ
؋OӼ𣬾Ǳ֡ģɺôͳؽѾء
Դͷ׷ݵʮһ꣬ӸտʼʱԲҲҹ٣ůݣȴƵĸϣȥǰ˵崿ˣҪؽ¡
ʮһꡣ
һ֮؋OޱһУѵҪ֤ԼЩĹǲһġҲûֻܹǽеζץİڶڴС¡
մãΪüǮı˭ܡ
ҲǴˣ؋Oټˡ
ŷ纮֮ɣĳС˴ǰȥǽֵҩ
ץҩ؋Oǰȥԥ磬޸ϸš˵ԥ񿪻֭á
һֱºӴãҲˣҪЩʱ؋OޱĽǻժ£֭Ĩڲ¡
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貪ȻŭȴʲôûֻܵǱ˰㡣
Ҫͷƣñºãϵÿһһˡ
ҽι˰̱ӡԶ
ʧȴҲײǿ󡣲١ͬʱĿؽϣ؋Oô趪ؽѾߡ
ԼҲŵԱȫ
ؽܺã؋OϣΨһһĴԼˡ؋OֻؽԸЩʹѾͷԸ⡣
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ɴһꡣ
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򴽣؋OסѪһһ
ʰһϨ˵ƣ؋Oһҹߡ
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ѳţΧһˡ
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䣬؋Oһѹѹ͵ļ
؋Oʶſڿȥֻǰͷɫӣ񣬽üĿĺԣҶ˵һ仰
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ͷȸԾ؋OҲЦ
ȥͷͬӣߵһְ̧סļضΣ
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Ҳ֪̫ȣȺǶ̫؋O΢΢̧򦣬ɨӶ
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˵϶ͣƬ̣һ˲ջ̧ۣһ¥ż䡣
ŵǲǿһۣ
Ƿڿҡ
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뷽λ˵һ؋O»ӡ
ߵƿһȣ֧°ͳȥƼͷããһƬźȻӦСѩ                        
лҪ˵һ±ʾ
1.趨İʧǰĲҲдһ㣬ࡣ
2.Ԥƪıָ㽭ɽȻҶʺһ߾ܾģл顣

ŸԤաճ
д󽫾ɫ㳤
λսսȨ졣
ҹΣ￴ʱ氮Ľһսʱ汻Ю֣ΪԾ
ξѣȢΪޡ
ʱüܾĽ֮ˡ
Ƥһӻһʱͷۣ˵ˣҶס
Ѷ糾빬δȻʵۿڣ˫ֽͷϡ
ʵĬĬʥּջء
谭ˣϲʤɿǰŰܺʱ档
񣺣
˵õ˼أģʧˡ
--
ԴӺϺʱһһꡣ
ǸܾԼƺϣǰա
һЩСױƵĴȥ
Ѿûд֮ʱ棺ʵ㡭ҶԼϲʲô
ס죺׵ġ
ʱҭ
Ǻðɣֻó¶¡

02

[ڶ]
պ¥徻ĺܣǰȻǰ˳
ȼ˽᷿¥ΧŵĹ׷ɢ
ͷѩǱһкźҹǶ֪ԷǺˣҲûҪĴȥһȺ˵ߵߵܵ¥Ժľȥѩٻ᷿ŷߵĶˡ
؋OסţҪȥؽƽʱһ¥С
O֡
؋Oſľϣգգ۾ָԼٴεͷŸϽľ¥ȥ
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迴һۣľкõȾƷں̴ľϣĸ첲۳ȥ߱ߵOȥúźźλү
û˵꣬؋O˲ͣ½Ų裬Ҳ
֪䣬ֻƣҲûʲôϽġ
؋OŴǱǰߣۿžҪſڣ؋Oÿ˵Ӻͷ
Ѿߵϣ؋OȥҲýȥ
ӲͷƤţͷһЦġ؋OƿŽȥ
﹩ů¯ԱһĽźľǰͷϡͷλϵĺ˿̧ɨһۡ
ֻһۣĿͣЩá
؋Oнţûǰ˵ߡ
СİǰŲϣľ뷽ĻҪūź𣿡
ȣŵ㲻ײĲ
ֱߵ˿һۣȻչʣôɴҵδطĹдɴ¶ġ
؋Oٶһ˲ϥЩ΢Զŵūˣ־Ÿλү
˲죺㲻Ĺ
؋Oͷøͣҡҡͷǡ
㡭˵һ仹û˵ֻ꣬λĺ˵ˣȥɡ
؋OϽ˳䣬ϸϸĴ˿
᷿λ؋OȤ΢΢üʣԽԽʳ̻ˡ
̻˭ܱȵṫӡĹЦЦȤᾰС
Ǹȵ۴ɽй֮ᾰеĸĸ׸вս֡ѫ֮ң˭֪ᾰһŮòиӣȴϾŵķӡ
ᾰΪˡ
ߵɨִƱӻΪ˴񡣡
ᾰУ
쿼ԱЦĸ
ϾطܽᾰгԶŭԵģ˵¡ʱҲˡ
ᾰ۾ðκ˵ǶδãǹıӰλѹʵЩ𣿡
𣿡쿿
ᾰжŸʱ䵭δƬ̣ᾰĬĬջۡ
һӰ󣬸ʱ˵£ڵ֪طǺ𣿡
ң˭ңᾰкӣӦ
ʱҡ
쿴󾪣򳺣
ǶԹ쿿е˼ɻĪʱӦûӦһ䣬ֻ¥ֻһ̻֮أ֪ÿ³ʮΪ̫ԹϢĵط
쿸豭ָ΢١
˵Ҳ֣ϱŮһλǵ̫һλڵԹ̫
һĸȴڳˮٲ
ƽʵڽͷԣ˱ΪԹ̫Թ̫
⴫˵бۣ˷˴˵ֻ򵱳Թ̫Ⱥףǻʺ̫ŰԶ޺׶δӰ֡
¸ʱ˵ᾰסӶЩղס˵̫Թ̫Ҫ
ʱյ棬ɫȻĽضĻطá
ѲҪԶ֣һʱҲ鷳ͷ󣬸ϽȰ򳺵ĹϵͲǲɻЩֻһ㲻
ʱȻ
ͷѩµļᾰֻԲ˲ӣӴݽȺǵЦҡҡͷطȺֻҲûʲôӡ
-
؋Oûиؽ档
ƽźؽ壬ǱȥͷСߡЩ˲ؽҲûԼȥʲô؋O徻١
؋Oӣ۾ȥ
ѩѾͣˣյҲ֪ǻ⣬Ʋʣҫۡ
؋O˿ֻĺɰŴЦ¡
࣬ڲϲִŻӣЩҲ˲˽ǮؽȻаǮңֻҲ˶١
؋Oûʲô͵ģʹһ֧ĵһԧɰؽ廤꣬؋OΪЩֻлɡ
룬؋Oؽ˵
££؋Oӣͭɴã̧߳ȥ
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סؽ֫
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؋Oؽ嶨ȻԼȲԸ˵ҲûټʣֻĬĸ󣬽ӡ
ůģ؋Oؽɫ죬˼Цŵ㣬Ϊ㱸²Ǻ
ؽ£ĳ°ͣڻ䣬¶һźΰ۵ӣͷһֻɫõĵɫۡ
һŹӣؽε֪
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ŴЦǽŰɣǰգø㡣
ؽ忴؋OƤ˫ʧЦԺȴֲʱ˵𷽲һ
壬֪㰮؋Oպȥ׻˵ġ
Ҫôһ붨ԶУҲܰһҪô㽫ңԻΪһȥ
ؽҲûֱԾܾ
Զܴ؋Oȥ
ͷɲֹˣֻ˵ӣ㲻ǸʲôöշԣԺͷ檳Ⱥ˿ùﵱ˿
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ֻҪһգ؋OͶȻҪե/һ˿ѪüǮ
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սס؋OĿ㣬֪ҵģҲ飬û
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ݵؽս˸ղ؋Oյֻ֡
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ҲʱؽĵҪһҴĵĹ
һԽҪѹļֱͦ
ƫҲⲻ͵ӣؽ嵣ĵúܡ
-
ʱ̣Ǻ¥ֵʱ
؋OùؽǱķʳһ¥һЪ˹Ŀ޺
ʶϵɴſڶȥ
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؋O㶣ûƽ£ʥϿͣ¥˽֮ɣҺ¥²ݣϾ̷¥нԱ乫
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؋Oֻһ磬ճ¥ͱҧݡ
תͷȥ¥һƬǽ塣                        
лҪ˵ҸʱһţԺͽүΣ

03

[]
ҹɫĺ¥ҹرأͷĹĴӴܡʱͷֻʣϡϡļˡ
؋Oܼ䣬һŲȿʯףӻ˼£ûվȾֱ˴ײϣʶһʯɢ۾ںҹľˣ؋OŲδͣܿȺվʱȻײһˡ
؋Oӳһȥֱס첲
̫؋Oסüʹĳ嶯ϽȽԱȥ
תȥˣϵĲҡĶ䣬؋Oļ縷˿ɢ£ϵõɴҲ֮䡣
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ʱʹӸµĶ؋OŻ󣬴؋Oü¿ĬƬ̣ջ˼㺡
Ƽվֱӣʱʣˣ
ʱѵѯʣ؋Oв죬ҲͷֱӸʱӦ¡
λͷƣʱشֽŵűƼ˺λ
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һ޹޾ң˵λߣͲסǮĺүʱ־ȹһɽڣϾҲ˸Ǻҡ
ƫǺҶӣϲŪ壬һЩϲ̨¡
Ӷؽ崹ãѲһգؽϣ؋Oϵĺë
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ʱĴϣĻӦ֪
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л֮؋OתǱȥ
Զʱۣӿ첽վ󣺡ү
ȥȥʱ̧°͡
ٴɫУϢĸ؋O
ҲԶڳԶһ
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؋OϢĽ䣬ӵıӰں¥ô꣬؋OȻ֪ʲô죬Ϳ˫ؽƫԴ¶ֶҲûС
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һƫԴʱɫ΢䣬ϵСӣǰһ񣺡ү

؋Oת伫ɫʱһʱҪ˵ʲô                        
лҪ˵Ϊٺİ趨ʧǰݱдûʧ䣬ĵȵȣˡ

05

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ʱ
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⻰ʵиʱ⡣
؋OЩ㺡                        
лҪ˵үıԵǻ
-
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⼸²ʱ

06

[]
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۵ĸʱһ˿Ц⡣                        
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үū澽ȥ˸ŵСˣûȵƣʲô׳ˡǹǰǺ¥ģ¥⣬Ҳ֪ľүˡ
⡭ֱǻƣ
ʺɫ࣬ҧȹհϳȥǹ˵Ҫ
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˵ɡ
ʺ²յԻֺɫ䵭ʶȤȻ밢϶ǲʶȤҪѧһ׺ӱ£Ҹͷ˷ȥ                        
лҪ˵үȷعͷ
-
ϰˣղأʧ˿ʧ

10

[ʮ]
ڹſڵæǰʵظ𣿡
ʱҡͷ
ûлظӦᾰеԼȥ˾¸
һţʱŷ֣֮˳й
ʱɨ쿣ɫ΢
Ҳˣ쿵ɫЩ֣ͷһԲ
Ҳ֪ǲûƼʱᾰЦ˵ÿض٣Է
ʱһ࣬ϵ£Щ
ϡ档ʱ̧Ŀڹϡ
ָ΢û
֮ʵ֣һᾰжԴ췢ʣôˣ
쿾յʹԾûӦ
ʱ棬Ŀ⵭ȻǴŹӣֱֱ
첻˵ʱ¡
֣ʱջĿ⣬ݲٵһüҲûʲô
᷿Щ֣ᾰджӣ˲Ҳʲôߡ£ʱһȵ£ᾰж֪οڡ
ĸ˳Ĭãǿʱ¡
ֱӣ˰ʱļ򣬶ᾰеȳȥɡ
ᾰѵõûжʣš
һȥ˲䰲
ʱָĦűյĿⶨ·ϣЦɡ
⻰Ҳ֪⡣߬Ʊ
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ʱüִƺСһ¥Ǽ飬̫Ҫ͸򳺿ʼ²©죬ȷ㣬ЩԱıá
飬ɤЩɣ˶٣ҶԲס㡣
ʱֵ̧סĻֻ֪Ϊʲô
쿵ûǰεЦݣüʼմһĨɫ±ʣľˮɬԣǸ
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ʱ߬Щʪ
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Ҳ˵룬؋OȻҲǲԸġ
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šʱɨϸ̿ӣ̧̧֣ȥ
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ʱǰһԥƬڴϣֱ̽̽؋OĶǣƼûжһʱϽ㣬ʲô
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ݣ̫ҽʱϽ񣺡֪Ѱ¹ǰӲʣ
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ΪʱԲŮɫ棬û֪ڸϲŽ
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ǰһ°ڹڴǰָڸ؋Oӵϣͷϸϸ
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Ƭ̺󣬳̫ҽλԸз纮£¹ٿһҩʱ¼ɡ
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ԺۣĿãȻĶŶʣഫˮƫԴȥʶ㱼䣬˸ʱıӰ
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ʱһֻֻűӣʲô
ȡ؋O죬ģеί
СʱЩ뵽ҹںͤ͵͵Ĩĳĵֱѣʱ˼
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ŸʱȻʣЩүΪʲôҡ
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؋Oˮ뵣ûĻһ㣬űԹҺܡ
ܣʱѵõĺƢɿȥ̽Ķͷ
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ƺǲѿȻ۾ਣﶼҺ£첲ҲۣͷҲۡ
ʱᾪȻָ۽ǵۼ
ޡ                        
лҪ˵ᰡүûʶж˫֮꣬жᡣ
-
ߺһղغඣ

11

[ʮһ]
峿
؋OʱʱѾȥϳˡ
؋O߶Ȧ˵Ҹоöˡ
ȻŴЦյߵүȥ˳̫ҽ˹þء
ԺУ؋OȻҹǽδѵʱȥᣬޡһҲƽƼǸү؋OѺΪֻǳΡ
˵ɫԾ
˵ү؋Oŵĳʡ
Ƶͷѽ
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Ҳ֪ŲǱ£؋O˵⻰ûа
ߣҲֱӿڣʵū澾İĽүһҲδɡ
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Ժ⻰ĪҪ˵ˣû˷ִ磬ȥЦ
Ʒ؋OɫÿϽȥͣգūҲֻ㡣
ûʲô۵ġ؋O֧°ͣΪ˱үҪңұضҪġүһֱҪұڸϴ븮뿪
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ڨڨڣ¶ֻǵõүϣūǽعȥֻǲý
ĸ첲˰ѣɸֵĵ⻰˵ġ
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оǵɢȥʺڿڣɡ

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؋O̧ˮۣ˵
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ʺδڡ
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ʱɫ؋OԺоþûصŸʺǶλ
˵Щϣ֪δһ𣬻λ཭ɽҪˡ
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؋OʧǵĻظ¸˵˺ðεĻ؋Oʲôû
عʣүأ
үڶ÷ء
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ͷůڵģ؋OſƽֱǻһЩ
ʱ؋OЩ֣Ҩʱʣջʺͬ˵ʲôˣ
ū澵ӣū澺չԼ؋OʹۣɤԴЦ⡣
ʱҲûɣӵرߣ̧ۿûˣ
؋OЦӣȻүãʺӦū˵Щʲôܲǽū뿪ɡ
˵⻰ʱ؋OŸʱɫ
ֻЦһͷʺʰﻹǱġ
؋O΢Ρ
ͷǱһĨЦȻ
˳Ĭĳһ؋OȻס
ү؋O˶٣ʱ̧ͷѯʣүùū澣
؋OŸʱģǰٸֳʺԼǱ
ʱָס㡭
δ˵꣬؋OЦЦضĻү֮ˣū澴ڶˡ
ʱüɶŴǾþδ                        
лҪ˵ʵүҲͦ޹ģ

12

[ʮ]
Ʒ؋Oӹ˰Ĺ֡
Ҹѯʣҹ؋OڶùЪˣ¸ǻڣͽԼ˳
̿ż؋OԲ߾һ
⻷һȦ
؋OľǰոµδϹⶼǸǻΪ²õġȻһֱԸϣƺʵ
һһΣǸʱ⡣
ֵµˣΪԼ̹ⱸõġ
؋Oڳ۽ᴹ£ͭԵľϻ﷭͸ؽĺɰ
˵Ѿּͻ飬ҵҪˡ
ָ߬£؋Oͷ
ͷүˣȥһˡ
ţ؋OŻԭ̧۾Ͼͳ
ʱ壬ȴһ类ٽ
Ե˲֪к£Ȼ؋O֪
ʺ˷ţеȾϷ纮ϻȥա
⼸գѾ㹻ˡ
؋O£죬ɫЩĮ
ү鷿𣿡؋OԲѯʡ
߳Է
ҪڣͿһϮɫ۵ĸʱʶɫĸϽ˿ʯ·ֻʣˡ
ι؋O۾˫񣺡ү
ʱǳǳ³؋OȻ飬ͷĪֳЩţƬ̵Ҫ뾩գ㡭
؋Oͷ׾紵ķ죬Ц¶үء
ţʱüۣ؋O㡭ʲôҪ𣿡
⻰؋Oòֶ˶СȵĶ˶ͷүƽá
ʱüҲ¶ů⣬ͷ˴αȥһԺҪ뾩󾡹ȥѰ¡
лүػ؋Oָ˸ӡ
ʱֹ˼ã˵үūƽϲ֣ʤ⡣
⻰𣬸ʱüĽŲͷɨһۣȴҲûʲôͿ첽뿪
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ֱʱıӰԽԽģ؋OŸоԼĿǱ˼һһ͹̹ǣĽۡ
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䣬Ŵҡ
ȥĨᣬȴоֶˮգ̲סôҲɾԴ֣ҭҭ泯ɿ꣬ϵĺۼ
-
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ֱɫ
Էٿǽͷųٶʱϡ
؋O뿪ʲôûá
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؋O븵ʺװףյ߷ͼΪؽ屨뿪ǡ
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؋OһϮĺ쳤ȹ촦ȦɫëϸüԭĴ֬ˡ
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ԺӲݵĴ/ĺɫ⡣
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ҶŸҩ˯ҵĸ첲ɣһ»Ǹдģÿء

13

[ʮ]
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˹ĵԺſڣ؋OŴ˫ֵ곤֣ǷǷӡ
ҲǸƵģھ͵үĴϲ֮գС˽ү
؋O⻰ǴӺ˵үԸģֲҪקġ
üݣǸСС檣㾹ҶԲ񡣡
ûУֻǲ֪˭ơ؋OЦ⽥ɫϴ˵䵭ˣүȻ˯ˣûôıȥ
䣬؋OͿȻܳһҺӰɿ쳯漴İƸ֮С؋OҲûܿһ¡
ŵûסˡ
؋OԼ˵Ѫ
С˵ʲôأ⹴үƲңϽ˸ҽ
ϸּ񣬳؋Oۡ
סյ֣ջ⣬ܻȥ򳺡
Ȼûˣ؋O̧ͷֱߵĺﴽһЦ˵ĸ磬Ǹɱ˷
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ڴ˴ҷ͡
⼸仰кĴּȥҪ؋O
؋O֣ܿű򿪵һ̧ȺݺݳСȥһʮʮʹųȥ
򳺳ʱľǺȥ؋Oĳ
Щ⣬һ֣˲ѹ
첽ߵ؋O£˻ڻԴɺ؋OϣȻˣָʶʹͷ΢ȥ؋Oӡ
򳺹㽫؋OڻУʵָ؋O󺰣ˣ㡣
̧ۣ߳ŭĿ󲻸Ҷ֣𣬲֪ס
үڣȻ򳺷؋Oۿźӭţǽſġ
ʣɲԼԸȢҵ𣿡
ǡ؋OʥּҴԸ㡣
⻰˵֣؋O̧ɨ򳺵ĲֽĿںϣֻɫҰףк޹ʡ
-
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ǰٸ؋O鷳˯鷿ֱûӣźһ˺ҡ
⼸ã؋OԼ˸ëӣջмСѾԺ档
ϢƼµ˵ʺ﹬ˣһˡ
Ѿ߶ͷ؋OЦŵ档
ǰһСˣūȥɣ
µĳûڵɵģλ˵ˣֻСһǰ
؋Oû˵ʲôȡϺ뿪Ӹ
ֽ¶Ѿüˡ
Ȼվڷ͹ĵʱѲѾߣӸ檡
؋O˼Ц
ʺˣɻӦ
ǡ؋OǳЦүá
ʺͷǱãǰձǣίǺá
Ҳ֪ʺⷬҪΡ
؋O˼ţֵֻǺӵȷƷмãߣһŮҲǲ
˵ǡ
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֪ΪΣ؋OȻʱ
ɫЩң
ʣµĻ؋O£Ϊʺ紦ȥüۺЦá
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ƽĽŲ؋O޴޴Σеӣ廨ЬеĽżⲻϻֺЬ΢΢ս
ʱվǰɫĴۿ؋O
ţ؋OͷĪӿһѿűᣬָסվ񣺡ү
ʱĸ˷٣۾
ɫ죬ʺճ䣬ͻȻؾĸʱվڷ͹ڣ긵ʺĻֻ̲˵؋Oһ档
ģʺüЩˣԱ㡣
ʺ뿪󣬵ֻʣˡ
؋OŸʱɫЬϣҹմȾĻҳˮգȻʧ
㡭ߣʱŷԼ˵ӵĻ˻⣺ɺã
؋OĿһɣǵصɬ̣ЦظŵĻӦүá
һǰһߣͷи԰
ʱŲͶʱԾɳΪҪ˽Գ
еǺ˿˿؋Oơ
仰ס
؋OŲͣ
ſһ˲؋Oʮһʡ
ѵ˼𣿲Ϊ㲻˼ڣԲɸʺ棬ߵ
¿ˮ鷿⣬үĻ
ʲôʱü
˵үҪĶߣΪ˱ºò׵ᣬȻǵץס
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ʱ˱ۣԭˡ
븵ʺߵ鷿˵߷ͼ֮¡
؋OĿɨǳǳ뽫ʱģ
˲؋Oջߡ
Թ񣺡үʱˣûظˡ
ʱ°ڱߵָ΢Ȼֱ
؋OЦ£Ը
؋OþûлӦת뿪԰
һأֵ˸ʱ󣬿؋Oһ뿪
ʱᶯ˶؋OԽԽԶͷȻ̲סĻҡ
ú󣬸ʱǱδ
Ҫ˵ڵĻƺԣЩʣµۡ
ûеġ
йһ˲䣬Ҫ؋O͸򳺵ġ
ٵͷ¶
ôͣôء                        
лҪ˵ү⻰е졣
ûпʼŰүأ͵
-
Ҹܵǵۻǰҵģһ߻·ҪҪҵԸ
ԤպհɣҪģһѵ֡

14

[ʮ]
ϰף¶ڳˮſھٰ
؋Oһµ򳺶ȻźǰҲеڡ
Ҳ֪ǴӺδõ󴫣؋OϢ鲻ѣδüڡ
Сǰү֪С˳Բ£ȥʳˡ
؋OĬĬգ̶ԼЩ͵С
ʣүʱߵģ
ߡСԱЩҴȥ鷿ء
؋OȻ۾鷿ΪҪȥ鷿
С̧Ҳһ֪
؋Oԥ鷿صأ֮ˣӦ˽⿴زǣ׽ȥıơ
ӻǰŲţ؋O߬յ֣ͷԽûס
ٵ鷿ſڣ؋OȻΣ
С˽ż⶯˶ȥɡ
ִ؋OŻȥĳ嶯ƿ鷿šսȥȻűѸײڶ֮ƵٶȺϡ
؋O𾪣
˿ٻͷȻ
Ц鰸ǰֻ̧O
үǡ؋OʣµİػûڣΪżԱߵϣϺ̵ζ
ʶͷȥδͱק鰸ǰ
ҫһ㽫ֽ؋Oǰʣ㣿
ǡүģָ؋O췢ʡ
һָۣڻŮӵķϼʣȻƺÿ𣿡
؋O鲻ԽЦ񡣡
⻭һء
ҲǷĿޣĬĬְ̧סļһ˵ỷס؋Oӣ°͵ķϡ
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˿Ҳûס
ӭ؋O븮⼸գһֱԼ׸ζԴ
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ҹٶȣʵͷ졣
؋O֮Ŀܣʱɿָ֣ȥ
ûкú÷𣿡תƻ⣬ǰߡ
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ûС򳺰ļ£ЦŵһЩɡ
؋OǰɫЦִɾľ磬һɷŽǰ
-
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Ȼվſڣס򳺵½ǵүպģԹ𣿡
򳺴Ĭһ󣬾؋O׼ջ⻰ʱͷԡ
ǰȥ񡣡򳺽͵Ժſڣ
؋O죺ǲô
Ц̶ȤⲻǵԲ·
؋O鷿ʱԵС˾ȥǱߴ˻
ԸӸϣظǰ
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ǸʱҲȥ
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ղѯʣСôˣ
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ֻӦõЩ࣬䣬ȻԺӰɡ
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̬ǿӲտ첽Ժӡ
·ݵҹﻹЩ⣬؋O˿ָǱ߸
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ʱ؋O㣬ҪβܵǶҪò뿪⾩ǡ
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ĿߣƭһΡ
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ⶫǷõġ
ǷöˣһջᱨӦͷ
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ڳرߣʳܻ
ǸСүڣݺݵؽѵ
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үǰȥǽƼָôЦء
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ôܣϸԴǻСү˵ˣҺúôڸϡ
үһߣ˭֪ڲڸϡ
ôһ˵ƺģӲȻҪ͵͵
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ˮ̹ǣȥţû
؋Oޱԭ·ۻؼɽ󣬴һ·ȷûӿٶȻԺӡ
-
գʱ̡
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ˮ¿˻
ͷֵĺܣɢģයһ
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Цһס؋Oק
ô£؋OñЩ¶ɵ°޺Ĵ
Ž£ϸˤš
򳺲ٷſԽְǣ˻
Цӣ˭Ҳûע⵽̨ױߵһȴϡ
ᾰ˳ջߣЦ㵱潫˹ȥ
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ᾰʮĽ飬᲻֪˵װģ
ƼһĻʱɫ̵ЩɺϴȴȻһģ
һᾰ˫ֳסһԾվ
ұ㣬ڡ
ʱƣ鵭ȻûкڣҲڡ
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Цתȥ
ʱĶžƱźָӲƺбˮӺڻʳСֱʢ£ˮ˳
о˿ľƺʲôڲ֮ԽԽֱ࣬¿ʼ
ʱԾƣǲδһ㡣
ʱ؋O档
ȵַָסƺȥ
ʱ̧ɬĶ
˾þδ˵؋OǳЦŷʣүΪ
ñʱƺǵЦ
ӵЩ֪ӺδǿҪû
ʱЩ٣ԼָⲻϲǽҪ˵ڵںͷƺһֻʹ޷
ɫ죬؋Oʣ±¶Լ⡣
ֻѹū澻ᾡ콫Ƕ
ʱδӻֻĿ˰ء
ڵһڣ仰ЦĿ⣬ʶƫͷɨ؋OӰ
ϳššü                        
лҪ˵үңҲҲڣĬ
գ
-
߻·û棬߻·
Ҿүһÿһ.ԣbushi
ðЩС

15

[ʮ]
棿űӣšüʡ
Ѿߵͣ棬ŹߵСڽ׿ڸū澵ġ
ŽżҶߵСͶ
ѾǰȥӦ֬ͷ͵ʱ򣬵˵ҹ؋O븵ʱԻ
ӽ߬סɫЩ䣬ҧĳݼ䷢ϸҾ֪Ǹʲôˡ
¶Ҳ˵Ѿ߰ǰϸϸСȣүǱǶطϲýؿڣóóȻȥֻүǵ
ﻹýȥĻӶҪ؋OһƷ
׾ٵĻӿѾߣŷ̲ˡ
䣬ڵƿţ؋OԺȥ
ֻ칫򳺽ճֱȥ؋OǶ÷
սԺţţ؋Oأҳ
ƼոϽͭ裬첽ӭȥ밲÷
÷Լšϸüү÷Ͻ˸ҽг
һΪѣ̧Ҫȥȴһƿ
Щʲôأ£ɺͳ
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Ȼŭ˿ӣɫм޷ڸǵϲá
үлҪͬϸ˵Ͻǰȥվ̨ͷ򳺡
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̲õ£
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ϸ飬ƺ١
򴽣֪ˡ
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үô𡣡
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źƴϵͳԺ䣬򳺺ȻСˣɨǽյ̣ȥ鷿ϸ飬ʰ׵Щ
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؋O˼ӣµĺľҵ˱ţƤֽסı߷ͼ
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鷿Щľٶֻ»δ뿪ͱֱ߷ͼʧƲɾԼ
؋Oһ亹
߷ͼ֣ĿĴɣ׼뿪ˡ
ճȥ
؋OţЦʵɻˮ̳񣿡
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ƹҪ϶¥ȴֻͷСĴȥɣǶ¥ϡ
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Ǿ䡰ɻˮ̳İţƹ֪؋OԼˣ˸䡣
؋O˶ʱֻýݸƹ
㶣̵뿪ֽⶫ͵үϡ
-
ʱ֡

ʱֻ鷿ߡ
ƹĻػĬ߷ͼ
ƹͣº󣬸ʱȻʣտͬ˵Щʲô
ֻǽСĶҪֽ͵ϡƹϸ룬ҡͷıûˡ
ʱͷ˹䵭ġş̌ȥ
鷿ﰲʱŻͷе
Դӵ֪ⶫĴڣϡʺ뾡콫ϡ
Թı߷ͼ֣һ̫ض
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ⶫ֣أ
ô죿                        
лҪ˵үÿһܡ
Ҫ뿪ˣǾζţ
ճһۣҪ·Ҫ··ŶŶŶԳ

16

[ʮ]
ظ؋O͵֪ǰ뿪žͳȥ˹
һֱ˲Żظ
ԼĪӦ꣬ʱһ
Ų鸡؋Oɫȥ˷齡
Ѿˡ
գʱûκζøʺԼ
㣬Ǵһηˡ
˼ˣ؋OĶ˲١
սѾϣ̧ͭ첽ȥ
؋O򳺣ү
ş̌һۣ؋O
؋OЦЦСĵݵߣЩѾɣȻҪͷۡ
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ȴʲôɫȻ䣬ݺݻ֣뱻Ʒڵأ؋OĪЩ
ӡ؋Oû˵꣬ͱ/ڴϡ
ָ˳»һֳֻ؋OĲԣ˽һ
򳺺ȻȵĴҪ¡
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㡣
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ûȥţ˽ŵļҶѯʡ
֪˿ڷ؋O˺Щӵݹȥʵүտڸϣ
؋OЩӣӴޡ
ҶһۣϸãйŮݻ˵ү㳤ġ
؋OɫЩʱĻ䣬Ŵл
ûߵӿڣһֱײͻȻͣǰ؋Oȴܳһѽץ
ҶŶƫԴȥֻһܷɱȥ                        
лҪ˵ү̽jiojio
okk
ղһĴָ
-
ҾȻǲʱ䣬һֱǵýǶڣȻ졣
ԲǶ𣡣ϲŴ׵ڶôΣ伸ǣ

17

[ʮ]
؋Oձ˦úɫס۾
ָסֻ첲߲Ҫʲô
ڳȴӦ
؋OǿԼŴͼ˭ϻû˵ģǰ˲ÿڡ
ҪҶ
؋Oҧ´Դʵʣǵ˭
ڵͬʱͷ؋Oľɵ
һȻģǲ硭
˵؋Oüүֻ˽
ү
؋O̧ܾͷү
ʱ
һ󰲾
؋O·˵ķӦУõ˴𰸣͵һЦȻʧ
Ҳ֪Լһ˲便Ǻ顣
ֻʮԼӲˣӲҪûܳȥΪؽ屨ʧȥ
һСʱ䣬؋Oѡ
֪ʻԶֱԼ˼룬ſͣ¡
؋Oס˫̧𣬿ٴͷקһ֧βǰĺ˳ǰĶ؋Oݺݲ/˵Ĳ
؋OŲӣſöûܷ
ǰͷδע⣬̧ųȥ
ܡ
һȣ؋OĲԽ졣
ûͷֱǰȥȴ룬ǰ治߲ͣǸɽ¡
Ųͣ±ߣ؋O½ǳ¿һƬʲô
ֱӿڣˣ˽ҲȥҲ
ֱͨԥЩ֣ȥȻȫʬ
؋Oعͷģִظ˭
ü؋Oҧס´Ǹʱ𣿡
˳Ĭ
؋Oɫķȥ
-
԰ڡ
ʱ¶ᷳջغӣεü׾ӣڼϰұİɡ
̧̳ۿЦүɷԽң
ܡʱޱվû֪֮֮ˡ
ոʱ߷ͼ빬нϣĵһ׼빬ʱ̫ߵ˹ȥ
ͱ԰̳ġ
̫븵ʺ󱾾ĲͣʱԸøʺһӦ
һ廹δ꣬Ȼܲˡ
Ҳ؋OҲץ؋O͵͵Լɲ֪ΪΣͬĳ£̳Լʱ¶Ȳʡ
룬Ϊûһڻؾ
վӣʱ򴽵Ա㣬һ
ŸʱıӰִ̳̣𺡣ѾɴһС·첽߹̳ʲô
ƫͷѯʣǼȥˣ
ǡѾչȥӦ˵ṫӣŴǵѾ֡
̳ɫѾʣ˽ˣ
˵׹ˡ
̳ʧЦɢ̨ף̧һ֦÷µĺͨԥԥˮ೤ǰȥˮ¶δȥ޻ء
-
ʱջظ
ŲԾʱһʣ£
С˵Ƿйڸ˺ЩӡȻǹߣͱһϵ°ˡ
ʱŲ΢٣Щ
ʣ֪Ǻ𣿡
֪С˵δ
ֹʱ£
Сǰʱṫڸϣ׷ȥˡ
ʱᲦ죬ᾰȥ׷Ҳ̫ġ
鷿Щƣȥ˺ͤϡ
󣬼ںͷҲҿ
ʱϵ֣ȴ޶ҹ؋Oͤĳ
۽Ƿ죬Цһᡣ
ͻ˼ʱְסüġ
Ƽһ糾ᾰĶв⣬ѵүṫˡ
ʱ̧֣ʱָס衣
ᾰлͷЦ׷׷Σ
؋O׹ˡ
ᾰûʱӦĻᣬֱ˵ؿڡ
؋O뿪¥ᾰдлɣʱڸϣд
յ裬ҪߣСԥ˵𷽲¡
ᾰвԣǹţ˲İѯȥûü˵ȥɿ죬ֻһ·µӡ׷ȥ
ͣ׷ϣԶжԻ
̫Զᾰ̫߽ʱŷֱ°؋O
û؋OͲȥ
ᾰеɴ۾ʱͣͣɱ±߸؋OȻûӰ
ʱΪԼЦ⽩Ӳ̧˵Щʲôأ
ġᾰѣŽ֧εݹȥ±߼񵽵ġ
ʱ㱣ʧĶ֧Ρ
βմȻɿѪͷҲУֻǶɫǳͬ
㷲ĿŸʱ
ȴȻͷŲյš
ᾰ۾Щɬη£û˵
νǰʱõ؋OǺģ£ȴȻ֪ջʻڵ׹ˡ
Щ٣κʧ̬Ĵ˲յ
̧ΣȻȥ𣿡
ᾰɤƣôߵ£׹ȥɡ
Ҳţʱתס죬ᾰѹľϣ۵ɺ죬
ʱɿʣ°
һûߣһù´ȥǰԺˡ
ȥ飬؋Oﱻ°ߣǺµ֣ΪʲôӸʱΣ첽ߣ䣬ߡ
ᾰƣѣǴ؋Oϵġ
ʱվͷӹĶҹ؋Oյ
ּϸȷױʡ
ͬҲ׻©һ㣬ʱʹϲգȴǳȥ
ʱֻһۣ֪ǺΪ
סͷζҧ쿡
ʱû뵽ԼĿݣΪ؋OĹؼ
˼ˣҲվס
̧߳һѪӿʱͻζֱֱȥ
ᾰд󾪣Ͻȥ̫ҽ
źúһɫ磬ǰȥѰˡ
-
ʱʱɫ
Сᾰۣ첽ӭڴߡ
˶һᾰбۣǸ
ʱغɫҰס
ᾰпڣһߣڽԼĺ󱳳ˡ
ڲ֪䣬ĺ¶ǵĵˡ
ʱ̧档
ᾰҲٶȰ⣬Ǹȥ
ᾰߺ󣬸ʱȥ˶Է
ĳ裬Ŀڳʹ
ﻹǰģÿնǰɨֻˣѾˡ
ƹһȦʱϡ
壬ȴһ˵ĺԵķ졣
ƫˣʱ޷Ƶĺۡ
׹µһ̣ʲô
ںԼ
Լûܱȫ
ʱָɾ죬ɬĬȥ򸮣ȴûܽ㻤סⶼҵĴ
Һˡ
؋O
Ĵڴϡ
ȴ˻Ӧ                        
лҪ˵ÿ춼ΪOO׹¶龫ǵңϸȫͷͺֶ΢Ц
-
ҷŸԤգŮǸD
ȻղزҾͻǿͷ
ר֦ܽ
1.
֦ǽһѵ
̾ǰĻȴǱʵԹ߸Ϊɣڲƭо壬ѪӰڷ
ػһ֦âɢ
ɲΪΣǰȹƵƵԼߡ
ֱ֦֪˹빬˹ʵΪ
2.
½ǰӣⰵ㣬֦ˮһսȳ
Цޣ½̲ס̽Ѱ⣬ȴʧܸա
Ӫ˶֦߰⣬½ⲻΪ
ֱҹ䣬½ץĸ첲׼ӦôҲֵˡ
֦ЦĻ֦Ҳ
СȤүѽ
-[Ľ㣬ʤɽ]

лŵĵףס1

18

[ʮ]
չУฮټͥԺڣֵĺ֦ͷ׺
辫ɵ¸ڣѾ̧ͭɵߡ
¸ԺſһλŻĸˣ毺ãɫƣſеسС·ͷ
ʱɫֱ׺ӿ첽ӭסָϽˣ
̫ҽȥɣյĶʼ˵ˡ棬Ӱર䡣
һ̫ҽǰҾطˡ
ƼԪ絶ļ첽¸
ݵķŮϵ˻ӣŶֱӻͷˡ
šԪû˵ģֻϽ̫ҽ
Ŵ˫ͨĹط˱ȥ۵ıߵҶʲôúõزַˡ
ԪδȰ⣬ֻ̫ҽ˲عֵǣĹްġ
̫ҽδͷֻǶŽߵ
Ůʧ꣬òѰأȴˡ
ǰǰΪĹȻϿӹֺ壬鷴Ҳеġ
̫ҽջ˼Ԫȥ俪ҩ
ط˱ش̷ڴϱߣĿƵĶ؋O
ǰؼҴôԥֻؾﻹ؋OýطȽڸϣӹ˵
ʱ؋OģطС
؋OδѣΪͷ˸ˡ
ְظѶûüͱطǰϸϸ̲顣
ŵ֪ؾǰһգ޵˼ںӱϴѣ˻Բѵ؋O
ÿһ۾;òԾһֱ޵λ˸؋OӺ󣬸ճƼ𣺡Ѿͷǿϻи̥ǡ
ЦŽӻ̥ⶫЩ˶С
̥ǲһǶ仨ϡ
⻰һòԣ첽ӡ
ũи˸¶̥ǿ
òŷǰ̥ǣӤʱͷϵ̥غһ
˴ฮһ˵Ѫס
ѪںϣԪۿȣط˱ʧʹޡ
˼ˣطۿֺ
شЩסļͷĸ̫ˣСǸиģȻġ
طˮش̵ֱúӣЩˡ
һˣؼ⡣
ҹɫѾ߽ҩãװ͵¸
ش̷؋OӣطСĵĸιҩ
⺢Ҳ֪ģһڣӲǲ졣žǿģطֻȽҩ£һҩּθ؋Oιźȡ
ҹԺطȥСð˰ݡ
Ԫʱط˻ס֣պ󣬶Ҫֲ
-
¸
؋Oͷ󺹣һƬá
ͣͣҵڡ
ǰһɿĳǱ߱ȥ
ɻû߼؋O˵
؋O؋O
ںԼ
ͷȥ̫Ũأ؋OʲôҲֻܿƼԶվӡ
˱؋OɵתǱ˼
ºȻһζңңԼ؋O۾ȥȴضҡվȣȻݣȥ
һʧأϵ؋O͵ز۾
ڴߵѾ߱ϽҪȥȴֲҿֻ̫ʣˣ
؋Oɫã͵ڱͣһ̣ƿȥӡ
㻪ӣ؋OڼѲ˼
ϸ룬ŻȻ˷У֪Լƺ؋Oļ䶼
؋Oƣʹ̫ѨҪ
ƼĶ󣬱һİӺͷ˸
Щ⻽Ѿߣ˸ϽȥԺǱ
Ԫ򸾹ʱ؋OɵűӺˮɾʱЩãȻ
طɿԪ֣첽ȥס
ͻȻס؋OоЩİ
ľطˣҽ؋O
طɿʵĵ㻹ǵð𣿡
؋OԽվ֣üţƬ̺סԴһҼǲˣʲô벻ˡ
һۣΡ
طҪ˵ЩʲôԪס
ڴϱߣס؋O֣ǲҲûϵպ㣬òã
؋O֣ɵͷ
ǰˣǵĴڣ؋OܸеС
̫ҽط˽˱Щ؋Oιš
Ԫ̫ҽӣϸϸ˵˷ŵЩ
̫ҽڣ¹ţܴ̼ܵشᵼʧȥǰļ䡣
Ԫý˴ʱǶƵɴԼѪ
ʣзҽΣ
Ĺˣʵף˲֢ǴպӿЩҽΡ
Ԫ̫ҽ˵ٷ
̫ҽƫݣԪվ¸ſڣȻ½Ų
Ҳã؋OҲá
վ⺢ǻصߡ                        
лҪ˵ҸǋOOһ˵Ҹ˵
ؽĵش󽫾Ԫֵܣؽ؋Oý㣬؋Oûжʧ
-
ʧǲҪô⣬һʼȷܹǺö飬ү֪鰡
һʧ֮ɣ
ҿ½&gt&lt

19

[ʮ]
ƽڣᾰԼڻ塣
;ʱϣ˱ڼװϣƷ̸
ʱδ˼棬Ҳ֪ǽæ˼أᾰŸʱݲ١
ģǷϣʹţ
ᾰĪ˵Ůһˡ
ǰô껹ܱѰҲáɢӦ
ƺ뵽ʲôﴽǣɤЦĵ˭뵽θˮܰԼһ
ᾰиЦʱԹԵ裬Ҳ֨
Ƭ̣Ȼʣ˵λȾز
ʱ̧ɫѵ٣˵Ļͦࡣ
֪ô£ᾰҲⱻҭԸӦּæ׷ʡ
£ʱ΢٣֪
֪Ǽٵġ
ǳ󲡹󣬸ʱͿʼ؋O¡
ҳ֤ݣյӺζֽᾰдɱ̱ƹǩֻѺȥһ򳺡
؋OӸһ࣬ڼ˸ָ
£ȴⲢ֪
ʱ鷿ãĬʮıܿйر߷ͼ֮£ֻ빬Ѱ̫֮¸֪
ҹƺ֪ʲôֱӽ/ǰʱ֪Ϣµǰȥ̽˭֪ԺȾزΪɣܾ˺ˡ
Щ˲֪ʱҲᡣ
؋OʱЩԴ
յеĲĬ£һ
үʱͷʵฮ磬һͬǰ
ʱǳδӦ
㣬ᾰҡȣЦʱҲԸȥġ
˵ɡʱͷתȥ
ȵıӰᾰЦ̾ⶫҪ
ƿߣһԵĴۡ
ʱĿĵϰߣͷȥɣˮϸǸɫȼ
𼸸ǰ؋Oڴ˴һʢ硣
ʱСģͷĸˡ
ûԼ쳣Ī؋O
˿ǰ£һ׮׮һǷġ
ۻ㸡ǰĿͻͻΡ
ʧȥ؋OЩ죬Ծɰʱ÷ޣôʲô
ͻȻ֧
˴͵һǴϣһ˺ѷεۡ
ɫ㱵ˮţڣүڻظ𣿡
ʱ۾ɬ³ҪջۣĿⲻײһ°ƽɴȹĹӰ؋Oơ
ֻһۣʱȻ١
ĺͣͣȻȺ첽Ǳ߶ȥ
ŲԽʱԼϢϡɬվ˵󣬲ָ̧ļ
-
؋O˴£ƽȬ
Դӵ֪ԪѰŮﲻǰط˻˼ȥ֪؋Oӱ˼͡Ԫ鷳ֱһڻؾ
Ԫ棬徻١
ͷ˱ֿʼԹѵط˵Ǿĺ֡
طõڶ꣬㻳ֻ̥ʱѪѲûܾȻ
ԪӭȢŮ븮طϤĽӣһֱ̥ʮ꣬Ų؋O
Ϊ˶Ļ£ط˸ġ׶УطҸǰĵմӣʹ飬֪ҲòŶ¡
ôЩ꣬ͣá
侴طˡ
؋OһϵȻӰ۰š
Щմڸط֪ƣ㽫л؋O
ӱе֪ƽڼ֣؋OһͲ飬ҪԼȥ档
鵣؋Oˣֽش󽫾һȥ
؋O⾩ûʲô䣬ԹǣָͷĴƼʲôĽ
;ˮʱ؋OȻ½Ų
鱻קţͷʣôˣ
؋OûĪ̧ͷϿ
־ٶҲͷЦŵڿʲô棿
Ϥ؋OգգۣͷС˵
úЦɵѾͷĩлʢ磬档
؋OͷĿЩơ
ˮ˴Ϸˣģ؋O۾ģС˵㣬𣿡
ɾͲ֪ˡʧЦ
؋OʲôǲãԺأҲ֪ΪΣϲ˺㡣
½¶һֻ۾ܾС¹СĴ
һ󣬼˴ȥɾ÷
ֱߵǳǵһֲֻô؋Oһ¥
ָȻ˰סʶͷֻĿԼһ˫ŹͫУڿһ˲䣬ʱȥ
һϽ񣺡Ůү

ʱĪɿɿյĿڣֱ紵ۡ
ʶ
ش󽫾ĵմŮ
飬¡
؋Oһ㣬ڸĸϥͷʱ؋OѾܹһ档
˼ˣʱסԭ
ܣʼ£۽ʪ                        
лҪ˵OO𣿹Ÿտʼ
µһӪҺ
-
⼸½٣ٵһVǣ

20

[ڶʮ]
ѰŮ磬ڳʩࡣ
ϯգฮſ
؋Oڱﲻ
ط˵ķԸڴϱԥǿڵٲǶϯˡ
Щ؋O˴ϤˣҺ˯ɡ
ɰ˸ﶼˣ
؋O۾ͷȥźǰɡ
˵꣬ƫԴ˯
ǽвˣ򴽣תȥѰˡ
؋OһֹۣʲôģֲҪˡ
ʱΣͱһֻůĴִӱ˳
؋Oܻ˭ѽᡣ
Цū̹Ͻˡ
ط˵ĸظ꣬ط˵ĵɽ
؋OŲԸıͭǰ
ڴ˸ǷһˮѾӣ̧ŷѵĺľ̡
ǰЩ찲¾ʱ䣬ط˱ѰӸ؋O¡
ӿʽ¾ʱµģ͵؋O˴ϣǰȥ͡
ֽ؋Oڷ֮ʣѾ˷١
裬ū澻ûλҹַءվһԸ֣žΡ
ҸʱҸ̣պﻻźÿ
ͷ۾Ц
ɫۣ؋Oȥ˼˿֯ϻȹϴ˶Խ˿
ճţ؋OߵѾߡ
̧ץץ۵Ƥʣأ
˸ǰԺ
ϯǰԺҲС·ڵĿյϣǹȥ֡
؋OֱȥǰԺһţĵط
ҪȥϽֽץס
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ǰЩūģɼˣǣ⿪ڣЦʱвɹЦҪǵڴǼˣҪǵ񡣡
؋OЩӵڲģǰմ̣؋OҲֻӡ
Ȼ˼䣬؋OҲãûб֪
裬Ц¶͸㻹࣬ϲɵġ
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ϵ˶̶̼ձ؋OߵĿҪ죬˿ûǰʱĶׯ
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ߵ·؋OײЯطˡ
ȸԾıطһ࣬סĸ첲˺ܶ𣿡
ȤǧѰأܲĿ
OҪԼطЦЦ˵ҹӶҲ
؋Oط˸첲ϣʣǺ𣿡
طıӣĪҪƤ
̹ط˴ȥǰԺ
һӳ´ѾߴӵȺ⶯ϯϵ˶׷ײĿ
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ݣԡ
ŮϯϹǵͣãż̾
ط˴؋OŮǼ֪˼ڴ˴Լȥ档
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ǰһӹͻȻɻ裬ڹǺÿ
؋OָͷĽߣ̲סڽתȦ
ˣܵһ£סɲͣҡΣҪлĻ껺Ʈ£؋Oͷһꡣ
-
ոʱŸʺĺǰ
Ԫһ󣬵֪ᾰȥ壬С˸·
;С·ʱʱЦ
Ц࣬塣
֪ĸʱ؋OĽغϡ
פͷȥһƬŨɫּ䣬ŮŽż裬һкɢ䣬ĺֻвƵüĳ
С˸ͣ£Ͻ͵λǸѰصĹ
ʱЩ߽ϣײתȦʱ¶Ĳͣ٣һָͣͬʱ£߬Ҳսġ
С˿ֱش
ֻʱ˫żţʱ׵ƤȾ졣Ͽ˵Ȧͨ죬ͫʹ벻Ų档
ڣʱȻסС˵ʣ˭
СЩƫִĿ⣬ءؼĹ
ʲô
С¿ˮһO֡
󣬸ʱȻ֣ˡ
СۿλϾҲ侲Գֵ£ӿỨڳĽëմˮ⡣
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Ůͷ۾Ц
ŲŲѵʳĿĿЩ
؋O
؋O                        
лҪ˵ҽҪ˭ûиۣ
ҿѾס
۹һҵĵʽɣTvT
-
Ťһٰʮղغ~
ǣ

21

[ڶʮһ]
ʱĽŲ۵ɺһƬ
ԶŮԹԵ裬ⲻ֪ĶѾڸʱȻ󲨡
؋OңңĿ⣬ššüʶƫͷȥ
ȹڻ׹䣬؋OûסһƫббԱߵȥ
첽ӭȥ
Ȼδ䣬ȥĺӰ죬һ硣
؋OӻУɿͬʱҲʶסŮܲףฮ磬֮˿ǰܻ؋O
帵ʱԭؽѡ
ŽߵϤζʱͷ¡
ıĳʵ˲ţģʱϽɶ؋Oδӡ
Ҳһģ؋O
ָڸʱϣĿһ̣؋OһƬҡ
˫ۺϤҪ룬ȴôղߡ
ʱסָ֣սO
ǰ˶ţ𾪣޴룬деϲ
ʱؿԽԽ
؋OҲŵǰſô޷ڼѰ
Ѳйڣ
񽥽ãȻ۽ֿʼ죬ʱȫƣOҰ
ҡҲʶ㰡
؋OеƫִŵȻʹʣǺˣְ
ʱӲɫҰס
۵׵ĺԽԽ̣ţָʼָ؋Oĸ첲Ȼ£˵ʲô
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؋O㻹֣ŭ죬첽߸
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Ƶüָۣ߬ƿԡ
ʱɫȴøϽת𣺡ô£ĺúö굽үȥˣСĵְ֪ġ
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ʱһԿţ۽ǵɺˣֻδƽɫľȻ
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ԣʱ˼ګګް
؋O˫־õ·΢ƫӣ¶Դ͵͵ȥʱ
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ڳҲ¸ʱ𷽲ľٶ؋Oּ£˵˵
ĬƬ̣؋OͻȻ֮ǰʶ𣿡
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ǲϲ˵һ˵
؋OԹԴվһԡ
˫ۣʱ̧ͷ۷ڸʱϣް
ЩʲôǰԺС˿첽ͷ󺹵ļٵӣүȥƣǰԺ˺¶ˡ
ʲô£óǱ߹ȥ
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ǰԺ鼬֣ýһͷOȻԺȥûտ㡣
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һͷͿʱɫӵĶԼ
؋Oüë˸ӣŶлүСŮﲻүˡ
ްʱһظ֡
ͻأ񿴵ܣ؋O֡ȴͻȻˡʧõĴ
򴽣Щʣүǲ˵Ļ𣿡
Ϊ˵ʱɤЩơ
Ϊֻ˵ް؋Oļвûиʱˣֻ֪ү֪ƢΣֱָΪ㶢ųŮ
ԱȰֲȰ޴롣
仰ʱ˲ŵͷƤ飬¸ʱһⷢ
Ҫ؋OͿС·̶ᾰ
ᾰȿߣ
؋O̧ۿŸʱ˿η塣
һƬĬУͷȥǺˣȻʱڣ㵱治ʶˣ
⻰ʵ֣؋Ošü
Ҫѯʣͱ˵ϣһΪȥˣԭڴ˴ܻᡪ
؋Oʱͷᾰпʣµˡۿںɴ˫Ǻؿ˫պȻǺ죬ˮ֮һ㡣
ͣפᾰҲ𾪣Ӳ
⡭ⲻǡ˵
Ҳ֣؋OôͷʸʱӦʶ𣿡                        
лҪ˵VѾ̫ǰȽ٣ٵ
ǲҪҺòãÿ춼Ժò&gt3
¿~
-
ӪҺл
Valise+21ƿ
+18ƿ
+9ƿ
Mori+5ƿ
theoisfree+4ƿ
֮+3ƿ
+2ƿ
Elle_zj1979+1ƿ
֮ǰл˵ٴθлûеĲϣ

22

[ڶʮ]
ʱǰˡ
ַ̧üңлһĨϧ
ᾰĻһʱ֣Լüôʶǡ
ᾰУʱס
ԸȥЩ飬ᾰ򴽣ԱÿһЩ
؋Oشתɵļۿʸʱ㷽ʲôץҵ֣ҵָͷˡ
˵ţԼ֣׾ֱָͷżĺӡӡ
ʱɫЩ
ŵ؋Oʱӣܸˣɸ֮࣬޴ҡ
ЩʴӵĸоΪ؋OεĴɢȥ
ʱʱǳǳ̧𴽽ǣͻǸ
ȥҲǣҺܱǸ
ƵƵĿֻĸʱʵ̫ѵһ
؋O˵Щʲôıۼֿץס䣬ˡ
OĸѰȥǰ͡ش̿첽߹ƹͿ؋OԱ߻վλӡ
ɫһݣЦվ
؋O˵Ļضϣ̵̧ɨʱȻŮˡ
Яȥ
ʱǰ˼ÿסߵֶ֦ɫԾɵȻǰ˿̻
þδ˵ᾰʵ؋OôŮôǵˣ
ԼǱ͸İɡʱɬӦ
ͬʱĿʱ
؋OѾûӰĿȻ·ڡ
೤ӣ﷢ơ
-
ʱظѾǰ
һİȥ鷿·ϺȻתŲ˶Է
ǽǱ󶯾Ͻ
үˡ
ʱ˳ƿǿձµأĿͣפƬ̣ͷӡ
ⶫԷԴ؋O뿪Ǿʱģ
ôЩ죬ʱûϲһʱһʱʱС졣
ҲƼ⡣
؋OŻˡ
۵׵Ĺʱδģü価չ
ֻȥ؋OѹţˣᲢۡ
Ц繣۰ļˣҲݡ
؋Oﶼãֻû˹ȥļ䡣
Ѿ
˼ˣʱ΢Щӣ̧ѹסͻͻĶǡ
؋OѾ
һ뵽⣬ʱľ˰ء
ſڵĶʱ̧ȥŷվſڣɫԥ
ʲôʱѯʡ
ҧ첽߽ū澽ʰʱعʱµͷҵš
ʱȻָӽӹ
ŷûκκۼһˣڷŵλϡ
Ƽ״Ϣ˳ȥ
źܱʱָóһֽ
ֽŶŷóʱֽŵӭ֦ǡ£ʱָһ٣ȥ
֦ѾѹƬɸɻ
Ż֦ᴵ˿ͷĻҴķϣȥš
ʱӲ֪ԭ؋OСдãּ㣬ձʱأԵòʧ
үлҵǳʢ硣
Ը
ʱȼϣָսƵĵƹ£ĴţӴ뱯ˡ
ģ֦ӭϡ
١
õһжȥ
˼ǣ뿪ǿ𣬾ڸ
-
ؽңλ磬ʮ
ǰǰȥΪϰ£ոջ
ȥشͶฮ磬ͱฮ
ϯֱŽ
شǰԺͿͣط؋O켸ȥ
£ط˱ЦŽܣOλĸֶҲ黽硣
簲á؋Oûȥ˼Թطߡ
ش˿؋OȤOǺˣ
ҲûС؋O
ǰʱط˼磬һ÷؋OϤ١ش؋OƼԳ̧۵ģûסֶ˼䡣
؋OҲ֪ΪΣŷŸʱָӳ˳ǲˡ
Ǻסط˵ĸ첲ĸ߻ᶺҡ
ˣĸ˵ӻطֽûؾOȥߡ
؋Oе㲻Ը̧ۣͿҾÿԸ
˫ۣͷ
ůȣҲ֪ǽŻȣ؋Oһ㱡ʱɫƹ؋Oߵһȥ
ߴεס⣬؋OվӰ£ƫԴȥ
Цÿɻǵã
ʲô؋O˵ʲô˼
ǳЦ                        
лҪ˵OOhelloһΪ󣬶Ϊĳ飬˲ҪʲôԼok
-
yao

23

[ڶʮ]
ˣ
؋OӲԭأĿȫȻã
ջؾ؋Oǲ֪
ĬƬ̣̲סˣ
ҡ֮ǰˣʵЩҶǲ塣؋OץץǣΪͷ۵Ŀڣͱ㡣
㵣ǲˣ
ǡ֪ΪΣɣ؋OЩΡ
޴ĵͷŴ徫µЬ⣬ָקš
ƺǲСεĽܣʧЦҲʲô£ȥЩʵҲǺ¶
؋O̧¶ڴΪ𣿡
Ȼԥõ˱ˣһӼÿÿĥȴȼǵûҪá
؋OƶǶĵͷǶԱ˺ܲƽ
˭ʶʡ
Ƕԡ؋OҲ֪ԼΪλ˵һ仰Ƭ̣Ҳǵвõļ䣬ˣǶһʱʱ䣬Ƕ̰
λ˵ͷӦ˵ʵҲԡ
ĩˣֲһ䣺ҾЩࡣ
һ˿ˣ𣬼ֵĻϯ
ûʲôɹģ؋OԴųϹȥʱĽŲͣפƬ̣ƻǰ
شط؋OԺùֱ¸ط˲ŷ؋OЩĲɡ
ط̽̽ĶͷOﲻʣ
ûС؋O֣̾
ôˣͷɥģǲˣ
؋OûӦסĸ첲ȻʣҼǲǰ᲻Ǽֵ£
ߵͳԶ׼
ط΢΢ü˭ǰҽˣ
؋Oҡͷԥǽ˺üλӣǶʶһʲôǲá
б磬ͬҽ֮ǰǼģʲôǲˡ
طĴɻ󣬰؋OЩЪϢ
뿪¸ȥѰá
ĸվԺ⣬ҲЩȣᣬʱҵĵȷȷԥOģּO
һȥʣĸ׻ǵð㣬ط£üЩ£ð޾ϸĲ
Ӧ£طˣſվá
пһĻʱ؋Oйʲô
ʵ벻кԭòŮɫĸʱδı؋O¶
У޷ӵʧá
Ӧǿ˵Ŀ⡣
-
µףݳݺɡ
طյ˵ӣã׼ڶᣬؼҼλδĹһǰ
յӺطشãͽѾȥ˻ػ
ǧȥ؋OͷһŮֳ£ȻôĳɫЩ
ǰһ죬ط˴؋OȥһʱӣطҲЩۡ
ԱߵOģ
؋Oҡͷﲻ̫СɫЦ
˵ƺҲЩ
طȥ𴦹䣬؋OȴϻҼǵûױеѻûǼģڻнĻء
Ǽ𣿡ط˳ɡ
؋Oֱ׳ȻֲҪ빬磬ϳһ˭ǻͷ
-
؋Oҹ˯ʱػζñ̬Ūױݣʵࡣ
ò׼ִȴ֪ǰͷͣ࣬òм
ԣ؋OԹԸطˡ
ֻظЩ쵽Ǳŵģû򳡶ţ؋Oʯ˽ţšüͷ̲סԹҽۡ
ۺȹط˵̣Ͼ͵ˡ
؋Oű֣ǰߡ
Oж࣬ǧҪ
۳žҪţǰͷͣפ˺Щˣطٴζ̡
ؼҵλñ̨ش˵磬ˣϽӭ
ĸأ؋O͵͵Žʡ
طĶЦһںͷأȥЪЪɡ
Ӧʣ؋Oƫͷطˡ
؋Oߵķãǲģס˵Ļ
ǵõġ؋Oͷ
ѣŲͣͷȥ
Ȼ̨ף؋Oͱײ˼ʶ˼¡
ͷȥһһŮƵ
Цţüȴǲزס壬һ˲仯첻ѡ
Ůӵǰšüͷá
˭ײҸҲǸŮӽ⡣
؋O뿪ڣ鰴סǰһǺôĿײҼҹǧ
ɫԱ䣬Ծɲ䡣
㡪
δĺӺȻЦǧع                        
лҪ˵OOÿһˣ춼·֡
֦֦Ǳĸ֣ͽУ硤ť»Ů쪡Ѫ֦ԦǾΣ±뿪ղذ
-
лǵι
ף+1
ӪҺValise+6

24

[ڶʮ]
ϺЦ؋OĪС
ûӦĻǻס˼
ֱ֮ľԶЩ؋Oſ˸ӣסִĿڣѾͷƤЩеﻹλ¡
ϣ؋OǴһת첽뿪
ӶֻȥıӰζ𻡶ȡ
磬㷽ΪҡɸֵĵĪλһؼĹ
ССͶʲôӱͷûסһۣ۱龩ǣļҵĹܸؼŮᲢۣǹϣҲ֡
Ԫǻʳֿȵ
Ҳ˵ؼï壬ݹأ؋OڼңʹĹȴҲͲס㣬̸ش󽫾ޣǳ֮׵ĳҡ
̫˭£ΪȻƾʾԪΪ
վӵƣΨԪ
һɽ
⼸ѵúЩ
Ӹֻʣһүͽ۰˭֪߼գͷԼݡ
ͷɫĪֳ˲õͷ磬ɱͷ
ǣͣȴôղأͷ᲻ᣬ˲ŵ֪
£ͷ㷲
תһ뵱ؽ¶ҲǸûġ
ֻԼ֪ؼˣôϽŮ޸
ߣ؋OתŸһͷȥ
ǣ㷽˵Ǻˣ
ӡͣ˺ǲɱˣ»š
؋OһƬšü׷ʣأ
ɲǡ˼ۣԼ֪ؽ£֪؋O
ֻ̧؋OĴһֱߣɫף۵ŵɫ
ʵڻˣ»ټ
Ͻס؋O֣æôˣ
û¡؋Oҡҡͷ˰ЩƵؿڣǰһ˲һ˲׹⣬ǿżߣǿȥɣЪ
-
ѣ؋OЩˮǹɲſɢ
鷭؋OЩ¡
ɪЦŰòҪ£㡣
؋OжȻûб˿ͷһͲ׷ȥĻǾ͸òˡ
㡣؋OԶҲŷƮɢ
ָ߬ԽĴʧ벻Ļôضزס
ʱӶ߽򳡣ʱıһĻ
Ҳû룬ʶ̧؋O߶
Ȼɱһƥʱ؋O۳߿һ͡
؋O۾һǳ֡
ʱָ΢վٵУ؋OżȾҡ

ʱӲһ˲գֱңңź֪ջظ첲
ŴԼ߾ˣһ°׳۵á
վ؋Oƥ̹ǰá
ð
Դһ£üʣ˭һϵġ
㣡؋OƺЩСੲݣԺҲĻˣƭӡ
õԽԽԶʱĿЩζ
ǿõ򳡵ˣǰ̹Ľ§ͲˬֳȴǾ÷һĻ˹ġ
˼ˣʱɫ̨ߡ
һ˸СķţɫʱĿڲҲ֪ε
ͬ؋OĺǳǳﴽĹ⡣
ԶԶЦӿ˼
õĹ뽫ºݺ˺/顣
˼ˣĴָĦǣƫͷСˣԷתϯ
؋Oñ˺üȦȿʼ¸ֱ߰/лʹдʱ؋Oʵסˡ
һסõֺ֣õġ
ô
ø磬ȥͷ᷿𣿡؋OüЦһ
սֿͣһۣĶ
⻰ʵǲö˵ڡ
؋OϸֳһĨ죬ּסָ¶ֻԲԲ¹ۣģԴչȥ
ļѣ؋OŤŤ˵磬ۡ
۾ۣʲô䣬־òԾĬ˲һ˰؋OԴȥ·
؋OԹԵͷȵ߶ʱŻķ֡
ڶҿ˼ۣɿ
ڿ̨ϵĸʱĶĿڲܿƵĶ¡
֮ǰ؋Oµ鶯
ʱŷ֣һûϲ
ޱ߼ʵ˼䣬ʱ䷢ֹࡣ
ʱƫͷʾ⡣
ȥСƼλߵСˣ˺̵᷿Ѿһ
ʲô𣿡ʱü
Сֽ֪ͷʲô
ʱƬ̣ͷȥţȱ֡
뿪ʱҲ
؋O͵רŵؼ᷿⣬󣬵ȽȥŹغãȥĸס
˸硣؋OЩ˼ñɡ
£Ҳá
ȥòǣ뿪
ʱ؋Oѣһ׸ɾȹߵ棬OO@@һϡ
㣬؋OһӣֻǺʶȥֱߵ¯˼΢
ϵѴӣĪɨ̧ɨ䣬Ȼſ绬ȥ
ǰ؋OгһӰ
۽סƫԴ                        
лҪ˵үҲ䡣
дϺ͸Ļ̲סӳݷЦŮʧȥԺÿɰruabushi
-
úڰ壺Vඣлǵ֧֣֧к䣬ǣ
Ȼ໣ǵôרһؼң
±ճ
λսսȨ졣
ҹΣ￴ʱ氮Ľһսʱ汻Ю֣ΪԾ
ξѣȢΪޡ
ʱüܾĽ֮ˡ
Ƥһӻһʱͷۣ˵ˣҶס
Ѷ糾빬δȻʵۿڣ˫ֽͷϡ
ʵĬĬʥּջء
谭ˣϲʤɿǰŰܺʱ档
񣺣
˵õ˼أģʧˡ
--
ԴӺϺʱһһꡣ
ǸܾԼƺϣǰա
һЩСױƵĴȥ
Ѿûд֮ʱ棺ʵ㡭ҶԼϲʲô
ס죺׵ġ
ʱҭ
Ǻðɣֻó¶¡

25

[ڶʮ]
ΪӰµǸŮһֱ᷿, С˸ǰҩ¯ȼ󣬱ź
؋Oһһ⿪, סϢϴա
ΪӦͦһ, û뵽ջ, Ϳ絹ȥ
ع
Ů, ؋Oû, ૣūʵڲ֣ǺӵķԸūҲҲ, ˡ
̾, ûټֹȥ
㷭ʱμûе؋Oϵ¯˹
¯󲱾䲻ȴҲ˻˻, Աȥ
؋O, ָմϵ¯ңŴߵߴ򿪴
ĿĶŽűߵŮ, պĲҵ
؋OоԼûӡ
ϵ, ׼һ
ū澡
؋O, ۹ȥš
؋OƢãƼ˭Цġ
˸ۣЩ, ɫüĻšš
ôˣСѯʡ
؋OɨһԵ·ȻһƣñŹϣһʱױȹ첽߽硣
鲻ĺţת첽ȥ
ľ؋Oĳ鿪Ůǳɫ־ȥ·
ʧɫϽס֣
֣؋O³һĥĥݺСѾͷȻǸϻҪң¯ͷҩ
ӣɴ۾
؋Oķŭϲּıļ֪ңӰҸæĶģǰ
˺ٸŮ؋Oѣֽɴ⿪׸ס
˷ƽű؋Oɿ¯ߵߣ˫ֳס򣬼ѵķ˳ȥ
ĿɿڴĿЩȥĶ
ɻϷ؋OϢЩƮܿȦѹȥǰԺҰŵ飬֪ô졣
ȥĶ
؋Oץץ۵ƤҴС·ȥǰ򳡣ðġ
ǡ黹ǵģץס䣬˹СӾͻᱻֵġ
鲻֣؋OʵýֻͣӿֺϴСĵ¯뿪
-
տʼһǰͷַǷ
ץŲٵĵطߣյطߣѹ˵˺óһλ
˿Ҳֻط£üƫͷʶ顣
ˣطŲյֶסɫ˲ѿô᲻ˣ
ɫһ㶸ϽϣԱȷŵĴЩŴӴȥѣūҩȥٽȥѾˡ
طȻĸӵһϯ˶˹
ɫű᷿ȥ
һĻڲԶһھƣε
ûиȥȥβ˵᷿
СſţźԥƬ̣ӡ
أѹû˼Ҫ˵ʲôĶ؋O
ֱСָָӣ۾Ŷ롣
ŷźϣС˵ͷüɫֵĶŲıʯ
ʱɿͷҴҳ±˷֣ȥͰס˴ߡҲû뵽˭ֻڿЩȷ
ȻﻹûĦͿ̧ţվſڶϵĽ
˭ģ
С˶Ϻ׺ݵĿ⣬ɪСĴӴСϿعʱϼ񵽵ġ
ƨعۿ˭
ӵŭ⵽ﶥ壬޿̵ǽ
ûǴ؋Oʱı
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С˽ݽӣͣĴӷС·׷ȥ
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йɵ㣬ϣݵѾ߰ȤҲûС
ȻƬ̣˳졣
ȡ
ؼ᷿ߡ
ƿţʶĿź󣬿һˡ
Ծط˲ͷû˸ϽʣOأ
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ҵĪ˾Ĺˡط˰̫Ѩ
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Ͻǻҡ
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ͬ˵ط˸õĽŲһϡϡĶǱߡ
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ͷط˶һۣɫÿõָſʱſ첽ӿϷȺܳ
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ӭһĺҲ˲ѣɺ˫վݵľôһתſںѹѹһƬ
ã£Ȼͣĳɫһ˲Ρ

Ӻźӵʱɫֻɫûӷŵĳг
ÿطˣԥڣǹ
ôˣи˳ûǿɶеؼҹǳؼҸѰصŮ˭
ɨһۣˡ
˭Ǹ˼
˵֪؋Oƽʱû˿
һѾƺǺ᷿ɨѾߣϡŽՋOʱѡ
ӵԴĸЩ
ĬƵӶ˵Զ
Ⱥڿʼ
ƿһɲûƼɴյĽļȴǿװס
ﰵӿɺȴԾɡ
Ȼѽ
ǵ˺¥ͷƻȥʲô
ӺȻ̧ŭӣǸ¼ӣ˾ˣѲɻҪ𣿡
Ⱥ˵СЩ˭֪ұ˭һʱҲûٸҿڡ
ֻط˵ԭӣǰͷšŮȷҲŮҲиĸۡҲǶϰģ飬ǽɡ
˵ȺкȻСʣؼĹأﲻĹȥĶˣôʦһһѰˡ
üط˻ͷѰˣգۣԭ㷽ûװOѶˣԲѰģ˭˵ǋO𣿡
һƿԡ
ӻ뿪ڣ󲱾͵һǰ˹ȥ
Юĸ첲ط˵ĸףҴ뿪
ءط˵Ȼֹ̧֣סĶҲˣǵ˴ȥǣô˫۾ţѲ
ϣöӣתӷ˽ס˫˫ţ
ط˴ǰͷȥҲ֮뿪
һ˼ûϷƣĲͷҲ뿪᷿
Ӹ֪Ķ࣬һʮʮ٣ûȥ᷿Ҳ֪ˡ
ֱڶʼûܶסԽԽҲԭίྶͥ
һʼ˵ŮΪϺҹӵĴ뽫ԼĺЩ͵ؼҹѣ˭֪Ѱѵطײơ
Ȼ˾ڻ/ʱ؋O֣Ƕ؋Oһ顣
ٺдԵ
Ӷ؋OʾȻ؋Oĸ޶ԣû취ֻ͵؋OѣŮϣҪŮ؋O
ܴΣӵĲ֢֮ǳ׽ҿˡ
-
С·ߵͷиſֱӵ򳡣Ҳ֪ôűţͷ⡣
؋Oǵĺԭ·ۻأ˭֪˽Ų
؋O¯Ž᷿ΪּɫˣӦ־ЩĪôͱˣ
؋OЩ죬̧һС·ȥ
·ȥһƬС֣ȥϱߵİ˽ͤǴʱовӾٰżᣬϲǰȥǱߺȲ衣
؋Oֻ֪˵Ͽ첽㿪˵ĸ档
ߵü죬ӰΣԽԽơ
؋OǼ߳ŵץȹڰȿܡ
ƹһС·ͱԱֹס첲ƫײȥ˻ûϵһʶֻס؋OĺԣϣϢס˹С¡
ʱ؋OıǹײϡţԵıᣬ۾Ҳź
סӣ̧ȥ˵ʹĶ
؋Oˮ٣ǸʱʶҪѿʱϸ֫˿֣؋OĲȽĻС
ү؋OĿΡΡĻ
ʱŶһס죬ָⴥ؋OƤ˳Ʊϣʱų𶯡
ͷϵĽŲԽԽ؋Oŵľס½ǲҳƤŽëڸʱָɨ
ʱСƤ׾ԿϸСë
؋OֲսֱǽŲʧŽҿϵ֡؋Oۣ۽ˮͨ졣
؋OߵĽջ־ͷ뿪
Ŀİĵллү
أϻصצʱЦ´ۣû°ɣ
؋OҡͷʶĲֱȴһȥֱϱ֦˺üӣ˿Ѫ飬һ
ʱſȥЩأü䣬½ǣվ𣿡
ԡ؋OֳŵŽϵҶӶͷүԴŮȥ𡣡
ʱ𷽲һĻ򴽣Ӳȥ˭
Ұﰡ؋OĪﻹǰųŮء
ʱɫ΢ÿЩɨ؋OֱҴȥҩȻ
˵̧꣬ųߣ؋Oֻ֣ҲƢֻĬȥ
ǰͷ·˼ȴԽƮԽԶ
𷽲Լ޶ӿ⣬ʱ־ԼЦ؋O˵ͬĸɵѪԵϵġ׸õľֹЩȻܰԳζ
؋O͵ͷһͣȻŲԽԽ죬ͷŭȴҲ֮ڿڣֻĪв
ȸͻۣʱٶȼӿһʵ׷ϣͣ
ŸʱıӰҧ´ڣں׷𣿡
ʱͣ£ͷȥ
Сﵥ֧ɫ죬üͷšţǳá
ʱûм£ôˣ
˵ôˣ؋OЩ壬˵ݺȻס졣
Ҳ֪ǲǳμ棬ͳָ˸ʱ¿޶ʱ؋OĬĬ̲סһܵ죬׷𣿡
ʱȻЦʶʣ㲻ˣ
؋Oı죬۾ɸʱ
ֻһۣʱ˲еͶͲԼĻ˵Ĳԣߵ؋Oǰʣۣ
؋Oҡͷ̧žߡ
Щ
ʱ̵ĸ룬Ȼס؋Oڡ
ͣʱƽӣʣҪҪұ㣿
؋OĬ̧ͷں𣿡                        
лҪ˵ү壬ҵС˵ʲôԡ
պԤգԡճԡΪݡר໣
-
ǲǸ£ôᴦ𼱣һӦʮǰҪǵŷжɣǣ
-
лǵι
ӪҺ
+5
45203209+2

26

[ڶʮ]
ţʱ, ȴĪЦǳǳǣǻϢ𣿡
؋OߴЦתƿ, ڵĵˡ
, ʱȤ˼, Ĳߡ
؋Oʱ
ÿ, ϱƵ˵ҩ, ϾطƫһСĳ飬ҩܱûҩõöࡣ
؋O, ĩʣүʲô
ҩʱԼ, һӣ΢ƫͷ
ľٴ룬؋OΪһơ
ʱûڣûˣǲץʱ, Ȼͻ˹
ðɡ؋OԱ, 
͵ʮֿ؋OڽĴ, մۣͼʱҲ˽
؋Oʱ, һԶ˶㣺
ҩʱƿɴֱߣҲû؋O˼, 
؋OͷƤ飬ָǵˣǹһ, үĪǲ֪Һ鷳
˵ġʱɢִ̧ۣĽֱֽĸ첲˹
؋OĹǺʱǸç
ϵ½ʱ˸飬սϵѪĴˡ
ﰵţʱȴǱǾ仰Ū÷겻ѡ
ۿ˿ڣĪ؋OʱѩȴʲôҲûᡣۼ⿴䲻עʱҩƿŽС
Ҳ֪ûҩ
˼ˣʱµĶҲʶЩ
̧ɨ؋OӣĵʵɲصĻǴ鷳
ʱѾǶųڣ˶ѿԲõĻ
ֻ؋OǾ仰Ķ¡

Ϊβǡ
⻰؋OǲãŭͷûסڣǰŮȷõĸ鷳үӣȻҲᱻΡŮأв̤һǰԨ
ȨүֻǸСС֮ŮҪġ
˵⻰ڼ䣬ʱѾİ˿ڡ
һ仰ָ˶٣ԼǸ˼ʱ؋OѾ첽
ʱüƿȥ
նлүﻹڵȳŮȸˡ
؋Oĸ˸ӣޱתߡ
ıӰʱһͷˮ
ò׵ĶᣬְŪˡ
؋OӰԽԽԶ
̫ϣŮļֱڵϵӰӳ
ʱ؋Oġ
ؾأˣСӣľٶûУֻǲԶĴߣ񡭡Ҳֻ߶ѡ
ʲô
Ϊű߷ͼ
ǶʱΪⶫĵʵ֣Щ؋O؋O֪
ǰµǷʹʱϻѾˡ
؋Oȥߡ
Ƿţʱ˵Լʲôо
ߵȴһֱ؋O׹£ŵ˵գɫ࣬ˣ궼δʱǰģ
˵ԸʱҲˡ
ˣ؋OӸгʱĽ˶а취ġ
ûУʲôû
֣֮ȶʵۣҸʱ؋O»صߣ؋O˭Ůˣֻ؋Oߡ
ӽĵһνЩ؋OȫгǸһͷ
û̫ܳ
ʱҲֻ룬ӻȥ
ǳˡ
ûټ؋O
ļʱймд壬Ψû؋O
ǵһ棬ҹڻҲֻǱ߷ͼ֮¡
ʧȥǸҹʱоѰ
ˡ
Ըûеõ߷ͼԸúõĻߣֻҪúûž͹ˡ
ͬİ·ټ
ù׹ɥ
ฮ죬￴Ц
ʱһֻסҪǰѪҺڴ¡
֪ʲôʱʼ؋Oıȴķ羰ǰϵľһƳҲǺעһ
һ̣ʱ֪Լʧȥʲô
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ԣǸĴڣֻ龩ÿһͬİˡ
£˼ʱָﶼЩˮ
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һڶţ˭֪һĹͿ̧ڵ̫؋O߶
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伱æӭȥү
ţʱɫȥɡ
-
ּˡ
؋Oֻһ۱ջߣ࣬ȻʵȥĶˣ
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ҵĽˡ؋OҲûţϾֶвǺ¡
ط˵ɨǰĸʱȥ᷿ٿ
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ĬƬ̣ƫͷ䣬߿ڵλ»᷿ͷţ˵شѾ֪ͨ˺ҵˣȥ
ʱŷһתֱȥ˺᷿
᷿ڣӷűһΣʱջ
űƽڵذϣĴﻹŮĲӡ
ͷϢΨʵĺ
һ̣ͻȻ˴򿪡
ͷ̽۾ӦҲӦǰ˭ǰ䶯ȥ[cx]õĲ˵Ь棬ͼҪȾ
ʱü
֪ЩΪؽ屨٣ȫǶΪؽ屻ӣԶ΢ʡ
ⲻ֢֮ҿؽϵҲϴ
ֻѾûˣҪЩҲá
˼ͼҪ؋Oɵڶؽ壬ʱͱζ
̧Žͷ߿ŸɢʱްſڣϾĶź֪Ӧĺӡ
˵ֻʡ
ʱһ̣ʱ۾¶ɫ
ʱȥƮƮʣʲô
Ӻҡͷ˵ʱĲקϣ£˵ʵǱҲûҪ
żиֱɽϲɰ顣
Щ̨£ôǲõʱǰġ
ʱǾȨֺͬӵһñâҲû븵ʱ棬µľǱʱϡ
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ɫ࣬һһߴүҵĴҲö˼ҵĴҸ
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ڣڡΣ
ʱϴƬ̣סŤӣָ˲ĺۼĽպãԸ䣬Ӧ֪ô
ӵɴ˫ŸʱתȥıӰʱ
뿪ģһζס졣
ʱſڣĶһ
ȻܲסԼֺȣǱ㶼˰ɣʣµȫһΣôҲҪؽᡣ
κ･û˶
ųӲָ⣬عõЩƣͲסɱˡ
ߵսǣʱȻͣ
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ԼԼҩлָ
ʱǰŵˣǴδй㾭
؋O̾Ϣ
ƫԴЦʣʲôĵ𣿡
Σ؋Oԥ
в⣬ǹԹԻشޱȣսģʣҪǣүѼڣ߶ûء
𣿡؋Oɣϱ۵Ҹоð㿴磬г綼ܿʣ˵ǲǣ
؋Oⷬʵ޷⣬һǳҪõϿɵģ黹ǵͷĬĬӦ˵Ķԡ
؋Oʱ㡣
Oýס
˻ͷȥԱÿ
ߵ؋Oߣͬ˵
֧߱ɢ
𷽲Ļʣʶ𣿡
ǳ˾ƣ؋OԴǸ罫Ҵԥôϲʶү
؋OվжΣ±؋O˵̵Ҳʲô
̬ŵСЩʣ㷽
؋Oͣ½ŲŵĿõȻ͵ǽ
ûСԴǣֻҵЩ
؋O޷ޣֻ鿴ۣԭҲһ
䣬һѰס؋OԴСƤҿƤǲǡ
ҡ؋OһԲط˵ľٶŵãϽ֣˳㻹؋O˳˳ͷ
؋O֣۵ȶҾѵ㡣
ؼ˶٣Ůһƺ
ؼҶ˫磬طţؼĸ磬˶ء
һҲ򲻹ҡеסĲӿ첽ǰߣǻôӦңĪǿˣ
⻰ֻ˳ȴû뵽؋OӦ
˵؋O뿪ħצܻĲһţҴԺ׷үҡ
þ㣿
Ű؋O¸ߣĬƬСʣ磬˵ǸӣΣ
ӣþͲɱĻһĻ
ڴ˿˵ʱöЩΡ
ֻģɵĻӦӦûʲôùӳԣϾ쵽ͷϣȸ׳֣游ǱǶȲˡ
؋OǰЩУǸȤСͷ
ʺʱȥʱͻȻ˸㣬ٹձϷ˵磬ĸһȥ
һҪȥ𣿡؋OʵǱŵˣֻûôõܻΪġ
˵̫ڸ࿴£ܱܿλүÿĹǣ؋OԴ£ʱɩɩҲȥҵλСܡ
؋Oͷû
֪ΪΣ˵λЩơ
Ǽвڵˣɾ؋O̹İ֮һᡣ
˼䣬؋Oʶλʲôö                        
лҪ˵үڡ
Ҳ齱һûԹŶ
ҷVԺǾͱú䵭ôŸԣ֮ǰкö౻ҼסĶˣҲӵЩУ

27

[ڶʮ]
, ؋O˯ѡ
ϴ̹Ӷֱߡ
؋OɢɢĲڹϣָӴǷ
, 齫ϵˮ, ݸ, λߵˡ
؋O˵, չȥʣô£
ѹ˵˵ֵ̫, ֪ˣǱѰ飬ɲ֪, ºס˺˱, ֱӻظնû¶棬жٳƲء
ϴδӶ؋OǾӦˣûô¡
иѾ˵, ֪λ˽鱨, ûȺˣµֱԽý˴ߡ
ֱ˱, ʱֽŽȫ, Բѡ
؋Oûжٸпһִ, 鶨ǸʱΪһЩΪ
˼ţƳʰ㿪ڣʵ²Ҳ, ү붨Զλӹϵãȥĺ¥ء
؋Oɫһ٣Ȼĵͷ
ƲͷϡŹֵͷ؋O¹ʣ𣿡
ˣ˽ùȥһء
؋OӦ¡
ߵͭǰ鱦ϻͷң۵ķ
ѾͲò˵ϻǸˣЩھδĹȦ𽥷ң˵裬؋Oôġ
ù؋OǰȥԺ
ط˳㿴˿ոѡ
շһ؋O
⼸ѣմʲôط˸ϽǼ°ӡխСӣϻŲ֦ʱͷһ۽ȹƮƮġ
ⷽ棬иͷطͨ
ֻ؋Oͷװ飬һʱ˲˵꣬؋OϽקط˵齱ߡ
ôˣطв죬ʡ
؋Oº󣬲ŵǰЩ˵λҲҪȥλѽ
ôλȤˡطһʱЦҲĵ̫մŮ˳޵񻹴ֹУ˵Ľ
؋Ošüյ⼸λԶЩ
üطλ棬Ŀ˹ˣ棬к뿪ǣ˽ӴࡣƣҲá
؋Oգգְۣײá
-
̳ߣٲޣֻľǴԹЩӸ˿еϹˡ
һߵý̫ѡΪҲӦ
؋OһĹֱֻӱˣԼһοۡ
ɩɩô²⡣؋Oش̵ĸ첲ϸֵΪúܳ𣿡
ش̲Ŀһֲۣ֧ڴҲǳֻǺĽŮӡ
ⲻǡ؋OȻ۾ӵǷ૵ǿ𡣡
⻰ЦشָĶǣСѾͷ˵
˭ͷأԷǳΪ˺ζӦ¡ش̵˵ֺֻ꣬̾ǿϧһˡ
؋O˸ش̲ƫͷһʣʲôأ
ɩɩ؋O򴽣ֹʣպһ᲻Ҳ
˵ʲô
؋O̾Ϣһ᲻Ҳ̼λĹߣȻõһŶؼ£Ҽ޹ȥ
ش̵û뵽؋Oô˵ҲûͷȻᡣ
ǼϻȥĶؼΪֻ֮ڳ͢뽭ɽΪ˼ҪŮһҸˡ
شҡͷ؋Oɫأһĵؼһء
؋O̧ͷګګֲǹҡ
׸Ůѽش̳Եطţһ꣬ȴδ޶ûС
Ҳ֪ǲı忪ģ؋OüЦȶɻ顣
ԡشĵͷջظҾͬĸ˵ط࿴
䣬ش̼Ц߹ӭȥȴֹ˼؋OһʱΪѲѡ
؋OǵӿɫģæͬλкȻϱ뿪
ۣ࣬رߵССꡣ
Ǳߣȥк𣿡؋Oš
؋Oͷۣ֣ǿߡ
֪ģ游ҵλСܣССиһĴ
ᷳһԲϾ˵̣⣬ƫǰǴμϣλСܿ˹ģӦΪ˺ƣȴû뵽Ǹϳɵġ
؋Oϣ؋Oֻ
ֻϧӻûСܾѾ߿˹
¶ЩЦ⣬ݰ첽߹ıȥĶ
؋OתڨڨһЦɰ
-
ʱǰ뵽̳
ֶĿĶź档
̳վԣӱӰ˵ǵǶԵúܡ
үôʱǰ̳ãʵ֪϶ҲǲԸԨɻġ
ǡʱɫȻ֪Ϣ󣬱ϲʤ
̳ɫ΢䣬򴽻˻⣺˵飬ģ
ʱͣ˼ֱˡ
Ȼǡ̳ϽԴǵǵܵͷȻĻ񲻳Ц˭˶ӡ
ʱ΢٣ϬĿɨüۣ˵Ц
ʶʣү⻰Ǻ⣿
ʱջۣٸ˷ѿ࣬תҪߡ
ЩټʱеļμҲҪӣʱ˵Ҳֻ䵭ɨһ۾ߡ
պòϣ̳Ļкȴ븵ʱ鲻˵
Ҫߣ̳̲סڣʱ؋OѾˣ㻹ҪĥԼã
죡ʱٿת𺣺Ҫ˵Σٴ؋O֡
̳΢΢ɪɿά؋Oģŭǣǰסſ˫۸ʱ·ƾʲôҰĽ꣬ƾʲôҪôһŮҵĶ
ƾһɱ֣ôг֡
̣ڴҪñץסİѱһ죬һڵ˲õˡ
ʱĴ̹ǣЩ̳ˣǴ㵡
˵̳ʧ롣
ǲǺ˵ԼʱģᷳѣȷݹأɱҲݽ档
ӽԺҪűĺܷ
̳ɫ˲Ұףһ仰ʵڽԪˡ
Ȼ˶
ʱ؋OվڲԶ
ǡɣûдŵǰɣ؋OʱľȥλִŮӣֻ˫ȴվվȣɫ֮ǰҪϼ֡
֡
؋Oô˶ԷĶԻȻõǸ
ӯӯɫһһۣǳŮͻλ¡
̧ۣ˻ǿ؋OӣǼǡ                        
лҪ˵үǰċOO˳ܣȥ֡
үċOOˣǡ
үŮˣɹҵעаһЦ
-
ؼ˶ɿɰ۰OOOOչʾͼ~
Ӧûһ£ʮˢһˢҪûǾûˣǣ
-
лǵι
ӪҺ+2

28

[ڶʮ]
؋OС, Ĵߡ
Ȼ뱦˵ʱ˶˴ĸִĿ⣬ǵϸʱ, Ů֡
˶һ, ؋O
ɿ帵ʱ֮, ͵ش˸, Զִλתע
؋OԴŮ, ģ㲻þ¡
£Լһ̣Щһ, ɴ˫һգգĿԼ
̳Ҳû뵽, ⱲӾȻл؋O
ʶȥʱֻԷɫ؋OﺬŵЦ⣬ưΣδĸʱ
̳ٴƵ؋O, Ӳ, ؿ؋OԽԽ, Ҳ֪ǱŵĻôȻǹ
؋OͲϲǰ¶/ǵĴ, ֱ仰ŪЦüۼЦ⡣
ǻӿ𡣡؋O¶ãȷĸо, ˶Լкĵ⣬˭
؋O̳гֺоһ⡣
؋OȻ˭
, ؋OлĻᣬ϶һҪɱ
؋OȻԼ
̳Ҳ֪˵Ǻ»ǻ¡
ʶң؋Oǰ߼ͼĽЩ˭֪؋Oûǰˡ
؋OЦֻһ߽ĸʱүλǣ
ʱ̳
؋OǶǵͷ´ԭǳѽ
؋Oûط˵ǷҲλʶ
ЦŵŮ£ȸˡ
˵꣬؋Oת
̳ƺҪס؋Oʶͣ»ͷʱɨˣȻһɫ
ǳЦ°ͣ˵㣬ȥɡ
؋O䲻֪ΪҪô֧Լǵͷ̧뿪
ûӰʱջߣ͵סĲӣƫִղ˵ʲô㲻ҪƱģСıҡ
̳µĻǵһΣԸʱ¡
ʱɿ뿪
ĨıӰͷɻ̽؋Oʧ便Ǽ١
˼ˣ̳̱ӣҧȥһ·
-
ǳ࣬ǿȥѰ˰ɡ𷽲̳񣬾һɪ
˿ԼҹǽС׻ǳʳ˻
؋Oͷ鱻һɨ⡣
ԭ·ۻʱ߳С·؋OŲһ٣˲Զ̳
̳؋Oʣô˱ȻǸҧҧ֮ǰ飬Ȼû
ΪⷬԴܽ؋O߳ŭȻԼȴû뵽Էﰵ˼
؋O˹ߵǰ򰲡
̳һۣüû˽̹˱Ҫд𣿡
ǹĴϲ֮𣬻Ҫд񡣡
ҭסû¼ӡ
؋Oˬٿָף̶̧ͷʣſڱտûûǳŮû
ǵһμ棬ŮʴδǷŲСײ˽ᣬҲѾǸôˣ
һ찹˵ǣѲΪΪˣ
ָѵ̳˲Ǻ졣
ŮԶλ˽˾𲢲棬˵Щֻ߳ЩĶвԱС؋O̧۶˿ûмΣ˸ӣŮˡ
㲻׼ߣ̳Ȼǰץһѣ؋Oļͷͱִ򿪡
̳֣۾ҧгݣѵûиĸ㸸ĸ˭гںδҪۿ㸸ĸѵ㡣
؋O޶һѣҺñסûˤ
վȺ¿й͸ǣû˾Ǵڴ˴
ձѰظ؋O˭ʶ˼ϸ壬СԼ˱ᷳû죬̽˼˶̬ȣֻҪ˼Լ˵̶ȼߡ
ӲŸ㵨Ϊ
ڼﶼûܹίƾʲôҪв۸
ֲġ
؋Oͣ½ŲͷʱϵЦѾȫʧĥǰݺ̳һѡ
в؋Oס첲վǰвȥΣŹͷ𣿡
̳һƵİûع
Ȼ
؋Oָ̧ԼͺݺݴȥӦ֮ǰ⣺ҿвϯؼˣĸ˭
̳£ͻȻǰЩѰСŮϯʩ֣ʱ鷳ֱӡ

ʱǰҲͲڸʱǰ
̳ҧס죬ղŸʱ؋OģԾŭ⣺ؼŮΣ؋OһŮΪؼһȥ͡
Һ˽⣿؋OķϻһЦӦҲ֪ƢãǻҪҳȥұ֤һڡ
ſͣ؋OЦŵΪһ˵ġ
̳ɫһ㶣󣬻ûб˭סɽճ˸ʱ⣬؋Oһη
Ϊ˫۾؋O񼰲͡
Ľ̳ЩץⷽŸʱµǷһ̧־ȥ؋O
؋Oֵ̳ĻᣬԼһˣ۽ɨԶطˣңˡ
Ŀɿڴ
ֿۡ
̳δܼʱ£طش̼߿
؋O˾ת˽ط˵Ļʣң˵ؼŮΣû
ⰲ˶⻰
ָ̳߬һѹλƾһ֮Ǿˣڮٱ˵ʲôˣ
؋OСҭط˵OûС
طȻԼŮ؋OίŭͷɫݵĶųؼҴδԋOǲɡ
طˣ㻹ǺúùܹԼŮɡ
طͣǶԼǣؼҵĹʱֵָˡ
̳˵ܻ򴽲طס؋O֣Ǻ뿪
תʱ؋OĻͷЦЦ峤ͷ
̳һϲؿֱۡ
á
ɤԴ죬Ǻͷȥ硣                        
лҪ˵ءһҡԻOҪˣҪļսϣD
-
鴿ͼֺǣܽŮݵͻƵıңƽл~
պԤգҵר벽ߣ
ǸҪҸοŹruaһѣǵգǣ
-
лǵι
ӪҺValise+5

29

[ڶʮ]
̳Ӷ
۽ǻЩ, ʱ؋OѾԶֻ¶ͷϡҶζ
, ÿӲʣ
û̳ʶ, һ¶ͷҲ֮ѹơ
û؋OĹϵ, Ҳû, ؋O׹֮´Ӹʱ, ͷһ¶ģ
ʱҲ˿̣Ǹյĺͷ
ϵŮǰʱ븵ʱ, Сĳ˷Բ, ɢĿڹϣϸϸš
ŮЦſڣǹ׹£ٹϼ£үġ
̳Цţɫ뵡޷, Ҳ, ֻҪܵõ
СҪĶûеòġָױ, лһ˿ǵò, Ǳˡ
ŮԷ˵پͻ١
̳ɨһ, ܿ뷨㣺ĳ؋OǸʺ؋Oûˣиʺ, ٲãǱߣҾͲ޶ԡ
䣬򳺺ȻŶ롣
ϲ°ףȴһ̬Ĵɫֱ׺Ź⣬ڵİƷ⣬ĵͣ͸ֱŭ
̳һ磬ȫȻԼ˵Ļֱ磿ô
죬򳺽Ų磬ٵǰȻ̧־ס̳죬ȭͷĺײ
̳ۣȥ򳺵ڣ磬Ұ
ղ˵ʲô۵ɺ죬ҧݺ𣺡ѸղŵĻظһ顣
ղǼ£̳˵һΣȻɪɪ
̫ƽϢ˵Ĺϵ
ټִĵһ򳺻ǵǸģ̳ԾɴŶη塣
򳺼Ը˵ɫĵͷˣһ
硣
̳򳺿Цµ»ᣬһȥɣ
򳺵ͷǵʱһ𡣡
ϣת뿪
߷ͼڻʵУԹ̫̫δ磬ҪȽѹһѹʵ۸λŮϡ٣˼׵Ĺ̫δһжûж
Ը̣ͬǶǱ߸˻
̳ıӰ³һ
ϯû򳺾뿪
ͷС˸Ժ
үռλؼҹˣС˽ӹеĶʡ
ؼŮָһ٣ûС
С̾Ϣϻ˵λıӰмء
򳺳Ķͣ£ͷһۣȥЩˮɡ
ԣСҲʶ뿪
ġ
̳ǰʵѾиϬָЩԶֻüδ
ǹɤ˿˿һ仰̳˵
е؋O؋Oȴû˵ĵ
վԭ˺һֱط˰֪˵ؼλѰŮ
һҵĸ״̲סЦ⡣
ϻطĵЦ؋Oʱ
ؼԶ򳺲߹ȥ
ɨӰʧĽ䣬ŮĻﻹڶ߻ص
ûȥŮӡ
ΪһˣǸ˸ǰһûбá

ȱյһڣ﷭Ÿ
ۣ¹
С˸ھˮݵŷҵ춯ͷȥֻɫߡ
үɫȥĶ
ԽԽԶ򳺷һ̣ԼֻȥǸؽͬӰĹ
ϣңңฮſͣŵ
ؼŮǰȥջظԺѾһˮĴӿСĺš
ЦƾҲֻһˡ
ƿطѾߵأȹڻͷOɡ
O؋O
ͷһָʶս
ĿƣʱڳںȻ̽һԴϵĲҡػζʹȥط˵ֻ֣¶˰ա
ฮϵĵŻƵĻ⣬ʸС
һĻľĶǣ򳺿؋Oʶۡ
ĵֲʵĸо
ȥ؋OѾط̧࣬ӡڻһСأϸ۵֬ĵƤѩ
ۿطǣԺӣѹƵĺô
؋O׹µϢ鷿䷭ұ߷ͼ
򿪺ӵ˲ţƤֽоű
򳺵һʱͷӦǺΪĬƬ̺ȻЦˡ
؋OضΪʱЩʲô
û뵽졣
߷ͼ˭⣬ͬĹ֮λҲδϡ
ܽ؋OбˣҲܱܽѡ
򳺸؋OǺָ飬С˾ͽ؋O֮¡
ûܻ؋OھŵؽѲԹͳͳһʱ뵽ǳ
û뵽
ʩѹ򳺲òն؋OйصһС
ֻҪˡ
¿؋OúõĻţǾ͹ˡ
Լİ֮˶ãο؋O
£˼סĿڵĳʹתͷ뿪
-
؋Oص¸Ǿƣߡ
ĵϣ֧°ͳ
ӱһ؋Oٿȥȥǲ顣
ʱÿһˣڸԥþô򵥡
硢ӡнյ̳һ׮׮һ؋O˵Ŀ־塣
֪ȥǷãֻڵ¡
ǰȥΪ׼ҹһƬ
ϵĻƮҷ؋Oͷûһ۾ȡ
؋O˯ò̤ʵ
ֵΣԼһİŮӵļͷ
Ů̫ޣһһЦ֡
ֵԼĶǣЦŵպҪˣ㲻ø㱸Щױ
ҲŲҪ؋Oסĸ첲Ƚ˸ŷˣͰȥȻҪ߽塣
؋Ošüͷ˭ΪʲôԼĹϵܡ
ϸ룬Լ˵㣬˵Թӡ
ڹԣζ؋Oļ
؋O͵شξгٿҵţӶǷŮӾ޵Ц
СƺԹˡ
ԹǺˡ
؋OҧŬڼѰʱͷʹѣ˫ȱסԴʹ
ŵֶ£æҵĸ؋O˳ǵˮ
ôʱľһĻס؋Oļ򣬽šüôˣ
磬ͷۣOͷۡ؋Oקסõ½ǣ۽ѾʪһƬ
̫Ѩǲ֮ǰˣˣ
硣
؋Oɿļϣ˷ŵΣ۾æ˵ˣҺһ㡣
ţǸʲôĽ㣿ѭѭա
؋O룺رҴûмÿˣǻŮһһˮɴ£ü仹нɫĻ䡣
õĶͣ£Ѿ֪˭
ؽ塣
¥ͷơ                        
лҪ˵ӣҴǵһжˣ
𼱣ӻûз
-
dbqе٣ԣƳʮһԺҸ˸100%һǧ33齱96㿪ǵø~
Ǹ߿ͣǣ
ŸԤհɣϲĵרղһ¡
㡷1V1
1.
ʱС˳˳ˮ
ֱ꣬ͬרҵڰתһƤףͫʼմЦ
˵Ǹʡ״Ԫɼ㳤úá
ѡ޿ϣʱóʲôɵ
ֻǺܺɨȫµһ
ʱĸɵ˸ܣĸԸȹ³
ô뿴Ҷ
ƤЦⲻҲź׷𡣡
2.
ʱΡ
һǸбҵܱؼҡ
ƹ˸ʱĲʣͷ
ڶž۲͡
ѩʱɱǰĸܾͺ۾
תʱܺȻס
ͷδҸߡ
-
Ҳ֪
ҵһϲ
-
лǵι
ף
45203209 +1
Charlie+1

30

[ʮ]
ؼϾбȽ϶е, ȴһ壬ŵıֻбĺ¥裬Щ, ա
¥, ߵ¥һֱš
؋Oͭǰ, ȴ˼ҹ˵ĺ¥
, ȥ¥؋Oָͣڲ, ʡ
δȥҡͷūǰǷԺĶѾߣҪ, ƽǲܳȥġ
؋O˼ĵͷ, Ӳָ⣬ƫͷҽմ
ȥĶϻһñͷĶ𴽽ǵʱ³ôء
޷؋Oߵǰ, , Щȥظʱǰˡ
촽⶯, ﻹһҪȰ룬Ȼ؋Oηģ, ׻ǽ⻰ȥ
¥ڳ־ͷฮҪյĹ
ɫǰʣϿܲ, ͷ̯Ļƶʼ̯ӡ
؋OͿʼ
ֵҶĴƮɢ؋Oñ, ֻɴ˸ʵ
鳯ۣȥٻذɡ
˼Ƭ̣؋OҸطһܣűֿ첽¥Ǳ߶ȥ
ԴӺ¥߱һƬ㽥
؋Oվ¥ǰ͵ط֮ƺйɺܴ
ñϵɴ؋OĴ˿첽¥ǽȥ
Ժǽ̫ߣȥǾأ؋OĬվһƬ˸ߵӲݸǰֲ˲֪ʲô
պȻƮ؋OñδŶǻǲҸطܱɡ
؋OûͷʶִӲм˵ͷ࣬һۿȥӲݺİ˸ߵš
ǰ⣬؋OӰסһקͽ
ϽչɱˣǻǲҪȥˡ
؋Oû˵ʲôֻԴġ
ȥ
¥ӶˣֻоԱߵһСû
˿µĴ؋Oȹӿ첽ܽȥ
Ÿ؋Oˮ۵ū澶˵Ҫˣǲ¿ɺãȥֵܳҩˡ
Ҳ֪ѽ؋OӣϵˮĸɾŰɣСЩǾͻȥ
鿴Ҫͻȥ
ʲô؋OûĻѲ㻹Ҫҹ߱ڷȥɣŶˣҲ˿ɡ
؋OҲã齫ĳʲɾɡ
ͷ𽥴ˮϵˮ̲ϽСˮȦȦơ
؋Oڴߣ֧°
ĿŴԶ¥յĴһƬڣȻˣ؋OҲĳ¥δʱƻͨʢ
˷ǡ
؋O̧۵ףȻҹǳξеŮӡ

ͷɫͷûй⡣
؋OЩ񣬾ͻأһ綼û
؋O߻˯Ȼ۾Ļͷ
ֻȥס؋Oζͷˡ
؋Oʱ͵ŵӶŲλá
Ƕ؋OŴǿװ򶨡
ҲŵúܣͷǸﻹ˵Ǹӡ
йһңǴȥȻǧ춼˵
؋OűˣҧٲĻҾ͡
δ䣬Ȼ洫͵̾Ϣѯʣ˿ڵҡ
-
ոʱ٣δ빬ϳ
ڸù緹ͤȴôȥʺΪ
֪ΪΣԴϻ뿪볤ǷʱԺлص
Ȼ𵱳뾩վڷ͹ĸʺ؋OЩ؋O飬һ˾
؋OȥӵϸǰԽԽǾԼ
ǰʱû̴ˣǳ؋O£˵᲻лʺһͷ
ʱ븵ʺϵãǰΪʺ˺
˼ʲô˭
⡭üʵǲ֪λش
ʱ֪ͣ㲻˵ʲôֽţʲôأ
ү룬ͬʺ޸ϵȰ⡣
ʱ˱ۣһϮ
׵Ľ㣬ҲϾˣĸȥԼΨһ
ȻˣʺҲ؋Oն
˵Ҳй˿޿ˡͷ؋Oȴζᵱȥߵˡ
ʺôܡ
ʱƽʯϣȥѹƽǡ
ȥ˵ڸϡʱ̧ʱĿȻһƬƽ汾һˡ
ʱҲ֪ԼΪλ¥
һ˴ȥ¥ҹ鷿ȴȻ˰؋O˫۾С¹һ峺ʱû취ʧǺģ
鰸ǰĬãջսʤǡ
ǰ¥Զš
ú؋Oķٱײɢײϣʱ˲ԼŮɫĴԣʶֱ̧㽫˷ס؋OеĻ뽹ƣ֪ڵʲô
ٻ룬ʱʵδϵᷢؽ£ȴĽɽ𢣬؋OҲ
˶˵ɱ飬˵ľˣҲԼͬ
ݶʮ꣬δڹʲô
ҪûΪ˰γ̫צ¥ؽ岻/؋OҲʶ
ڵ顣
ֻһ
ΪĸԴ
ʱ̾ϢһǰһʯͷǽԺ
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һᣬȻ˭ͷҲææǼС
ʱڸвá
˴գ͵͵
˼ƺ俴򴽽ֹүֻݹٷŻյư
ƮɢȴϽĸʱ塣
䣬Ȼ؋O
ģɤ
ʱɫԽӲû뵽؋OΪʲô˴ѲǼ֮ǰˡ
˼ˣָ߬
ͷδʱվĽżⷢ飬ǽһ
߰ɫԽԽŨأֱסſӽһ磬΢纮䱻⺮һûü̧ӣͻ˶
ʱĥĥɸֵĵһۡ
˶δжֱ؋O侯飬ʱߵſڣ̾Ϣһ
ҡ
ʱǰһ߳䡣
һϮɫЩڰУ؋O㵣û뵽ʱڴ˴
üͷ鲻Ը񣺡ү
ߵýЩʱϵıʱһ˿Цôң
Ůҡ؋Oһźգ΢΢ϽԱŲ
Զʱпɬ
ͷ˿ûҪͣЪͷιеббƮ؋Oվûһ򴦵·Ѿʪ
ʱֿסļͷ˵ת
ү؋Oʶס󣬲ֻ̧ײʱڵ
ϲҡϸڿһÿĻߣ؋OӦʱѾ˷סվȡ
󡣡ʱڡ
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ΣԹվ؋Oڽﲻҿʱбӿſϡ
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؋Oɫ̧ԼĶ䣬͵͵ȥʱһʣүô˴
ߡʱʶĻӦסȣջ؋Oӣʲô֪Ǳ˵ĵط𣿡
˵Ŀڿн㣬κ؋Oƿۣߡ
ʱûϵѧԼҲգֻǾ档
ʼÿ؋Oһֺĸо
ûڱϼģҲδ؋Oϼ
͵ͺЦʱѰһλˡ
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ʱȫǣǣģҴӲƭˡ
㡭؋OûȥĹ˭ǻ˻ʣңУΪңʶҵ𣿡
ţʱһӦӺֻڻӦԼһ㣬ʶֻҵλ˳ú񡣡
؋O۽еɬ£أгҿ
ˡʱӷᣬ߽؋OϣǵЦɬظѾˡ
ҡ
ɱ                        
лҪ˵үѧ
OOҺ֮䲻ֻлѧ
-
Ϊڼϣ쾡£հɣǸطҺأ
ĩܣܸ»٣ȷżٻؼҾͻŬģ߿Ǽ棬ĩԵļ͸ϰ
-
лǵι
ף
+1

31

[ʮһ]
Ȼ, ؋O꿪ʼȡ
Ԫ֪Ϣ³̫ҽԺ̫ҽΪ؋OƫԴ, 淴ոʱ˵Ļ
Ѿˡ
ԽԽмͷ
, ؋O͵̾Ϣ, תԴĮ, һ̾Ϣ
ط˼, Ϊ؋OﲻʣʵOϻﲻ
ﲻ, ͵͵ܳȥͦĵġ͡
Ԫִ̧˶, ô˵ء
ǡõ
ӹ³ظ˳·؋OԵĵģſҪûȥ򡣿˭֪ս¸󣬾ͱѾ߸֪؋Oһͳˡ
Ϊǳȥɢɢģ˭ͷưôԾɲ؋OӰ
õʱͼˡ
ƽС, ˼Ҷȥ, ȻߵţͿ؋Oͷ¶һԴ̽˿, һգۣĻ, ӱסһĸʱ
ʱʪɫˮҲֻɫЩȫˮ, ӷ»ͦı䣬׵Ƥûһ˿Ѫɫ
ʵǿ, ȴû˼Щ
ŭŴ؋O
¿⸱ģþһ
õ̫ҽ뿪ݣ䣬ó¸վڳ¡
ճ˻꣬¸ͣЪ仹ŨϢ
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֮ǰײǸʱİС
ʱ؋O֮Ĺϵƺ֪
ǳõĥϣ̨ȥ
̫ҽҩԪߵСǰȥץҩ
؋O˿ͷʹѣͻͻ̫Ѩһʱ䷳겻ѡ
ˮ؋O̧۵˵
ɤɳƣſġ
Ԫתط˵յ؋OСιˮ
ǰԺ½ţүˣṫǰ
ʲôԪ؋OĲӻ֣ȥ˵£͡
؋Oű֪飬Ȼֹ𣿡
кηԪĴƸķܴܲԺץɡ
؋OĬƬ̣ԹԵͷ
żԪؾʱĪǰЩӶԸʱ񣬻ͷΣŸʱԺ᲻Լˡ
һԪҪĻӦˡ
пԿʱġ
ϾǸԪѧģܲ
»ͷţƺԥ
؋Oط˻ƫͷ򴽽ʣǶλ˵Եˣ
ɿͷǡ
ṫĹ屧ϷĽѪ࣬¹ǧ˲ǰ˵ϣĹﾡȬ
ԪͷƤ飬ûס؋OʣOǡ
Ů֪ѽ؋Oգգ۾
ȷ֪һͶٻǺ⣬ᾰȷǲˡ
؋Oָ𣬲źۼĿ˿ٱӡ
ȥǰơԪ˼Ķ؋OݣƬ̣ת뿪
ط˼ɫ磬Դ
£˼؋O̧ЦЦ
-
ǰ
ʱȭڴ͵Ϳһ
ǰɡᾰвԼ˻Ҫıˣ
ʱһ·؋Oظжɣ䳡ϰ䣬û؋OǰԵȣֻżȻ
³Ԫֱֱ̫ҽԺȥ֪؋OȻӲʡ
һʵԵͻأֻûᾰһ
ʱԪ°ǰ
ʱʶᾰҲæԪҾ˼Ԫ˿̵˵¡
֪үṫǰΪ£Ԫģ
ʱδᾰôţЦĻӦү֪ӱƷĪǡ
Ԫָ𣬷ŵ֪ǰйس֮¡Ͼ̫ʵ۰ˮȣֻûнҿǲƤ̨ˡ
̫һʱﰵҪ£ʵⷽδйٶ
ٿȴȻˡ
£ֻһܡ
ǿһصŮе˭Ԫ²
ԪЦȤȻĳлλ⣬СŮùҩ˯£ǲ͡
𣿡ĬõĸʱȻ
Ԫ΢΢סЦŵֻЩȣµġ
˵ˣǱǲء
ʱͷӦ⻰ɫĻ˻ͷһ
һյ󣬸ʱᾰв׼뿪
̨ϳȣᾰΪ׷؋O伫
ô˵ʱɫδ䡣
ᾰЦż؋Oȶɴ֡
ʱָüǣǳǳ𣺡֪֪ˡ
ıԪϣֻҪôطᾰл˻ӣͷãǿɲʲôúƭˡ
ʱһִۣȣӲƭˡ
ᾰлʱʱǰߡ
˵ᾰиճһµŮ
Ų죬ԴԱߵѾ˵ʲôѹûע⵽ǰͷˡᾰûĿԼײ
Ѿڸ鿴èͻȻǰһ˫ţ̧ͷѾ˵Ļ
ŵˣ;ŰҽһЩˤȥ
˿̧ͷȥֻЦЦĴԼԱߣûʲôɨһۺƿ
һƬ쳣˸ӣŮ£ṫӡ
·ɵСǰᾰкЦͨĶˣɾҪ︺ˡ
ʱšüһ
ǰڻ飬ʱϴǽŻˣҰ뿪˿ٿ؋Oʵý֮ưˡ
ᾰжʱƢԣ߲ˡ
ߡᾰ𻰣飬ЦüĿ飬´μ
ᾰ븵ʱһǰһ뿪ͷıӰûס
˵ӣȻӶˡ
ⰮݼҲͷԼײһģô
ᾰлû˵꣬ʱƫԴʣԼûôȥؽŮȲҪˡ
ؽᾰ˲侲
ⷬģʱЦɱˣȢشʱؽԸӦƷжض˿ϣԼʲô㲻֪
ᾰбôڮ٣Ҳû˼ķôˣҺôˡ
㻹ΪǵƤࡣʱĻ˼û𣿡
ᾰзŻβͱʱܣҧҧʱûסⱨذ
Լ؋Oϡ
ʱ䴽ſ
ᾰһԡ
ȻӶ첽ɹɫҴңƺҪ¡
ôʱ½Ų
俴һᾰУѹȥˡ                        
лҪ˵˷80%֧Ŷ~
-
Ǽһҹ𣿽˲۱٣ЩŮ
ҪղؼԻأ΢󣿸԰£ǣ
-
лǵι
ӪҺ
Baikkchuiz+1

32

[ʮ]
µĺ, ʱûйע
սϢҪôֱʣҪôֽһɱ
ʱһ, ȥˡ
Ϊʵ޷̺؋Oй֮ĵ˱ȳ
˿첽뿪ظ, δ, ᾰְ̧סļʣ㵱Ҫ, ˺˫˫ŵҡ
δͬƽ𣿡ʱ, Ų뷭ȥã˾һɡ
ᾰ, 뿪, ҡҡͷૣˡ
ʲôص飬ᾰиϽ׷ȥ
¾ฮһСξ룬˵ʱȴҵ˻δĹ쿣ʱӹӹ, ֱֱںϡ
Ҷ, ͨһ˳źĸ첲ߵվվ, Ǳˣˡ
Ȼδ״˫Ǻ, ֪롣
ƼʱϽܿ˵ӭȥҾ񣺡¹ټү
ôʱŪڡ
šüͷͽ, λͻԲѣ¹Ϊ̫ҽΣǰպòȬЩ, ˭֪հ̽ӹ󣬽ֿʼȲˡ
ɲʲôˣʱҹǼָ֣һ١
ҡͷδ
һ۾ܿǺȴҲ֤ݣǾС
ʱЩʲôʱ˺Ȼ˹ڵϰүŹСɣѾˣҪɷЩټ
úҵĴȥɡʱ΢΢°ͣδ̣Щ顣
鵽ײǸʱܾģ˴µķûеĪͷţ԰ΣΡΡؿڵ¹ٻȻſ
ʱɨ伹һòҿ
ֻ谴Ըİ죬Ϻʹ䴦ǰȥʱƬּ̣˼䣺ҵ˶Ѿˣˣȷǲ˼顣
ᾰҲ֪ʲôͻȻŵͷ˼ңӴȥܲˡ
⡭仹ԥ˼ƬӦǡ
תǰȥ˳ȴԭضá
һĲͬû뵽ʱΪ˵ĺܼ򵥣Ǵ²ˣһͷײвǡ
˭֪;˼ҹˣûܳɹʱʱҲˡ
ֵĿ⣬ʱ˳ƿȥ˶ϣлү
ʱǳǳһ˿ЦĮϣȬⰸӸ̫á
ǳ鶯£ûҿ
ʱ󻹸̧źӡ
ҵĶ˼ǰȥӣȹĦڵϣֲڵ죬ܿˡ
˱˵ʡ
ʱϿȥȻӵɫͨ죬ֿʼ˻Բѵףﶼʼ˵
ߴӵջأᾰ΢Ц˻ǿ콫˴ȥɡ
ǡĨһᣬ˺СæŪתԸʱٴεллү
ʱβδӦǶңңȥ
һֱδ˵Ĺ߹վЦŵһΪ㲻ú˵óԸ
ǲǵóԸʱɤĮ˶ٿڣ˭˵

ɫԾɴνЦʱûȤվڴ˴ԣ̧ߡ
؋O׹ǰյĵȷȷǳ֣ƫʸڷϣƾʱαŭ޶ԣڷΪҪ
ʱ֪ΪΣͲȥʣֱץˡ
˼ˣʱŲ΢٣׻ûסŭ
˵һڸʱߵԵףôЩССÿһ׮֪ȴֻں¥Ǽйܡ˵ǣûýƱ硣
ΣʱӲñѹԼһεˡ
Ȼֵܡ
ʱ̧ɨᾰУ߰ɡ
ߡᾰʾ⡣
ʱû˵ʲôתͷ
ԶᾰɵЦʣһֱû㡣
Ϊʲô䣬ᾰתӶĿ
쿻ͷ˵һ΢΢𣺡ΪʲôΪˡ
ΪᾰЦ쿣ҵôûȻỻ˵Ĺء
ᾰ裬ҲֻǺƢЦЦ⻰û˼ˡ
ҴûлˣҲֻһˡ
ᾰлҪ˵Щʲô쿺Ȼ̧ۿУȰȰҪ̫Թ顣
ΪΣᾰѯʡ
˵⻰ͱ첻ٿ״ЦЦ밢һľҵģǸʲôĿģæҶܰ㡣
ᾰֵ쿣һ˽¼棬պټǵˣΪ֮
쿳Ĭʱ뿪ķȥ
-
ĸش˶磬Ȣ˼Ů˳
Դش˼޸ؽ֮󣬳ϽΪ˱злϼɵ˴ǹڳҲֵС
õִʱүӸһȭ
ˡ굶ѪľóүüĿЦЩյü䡣
˭壬游ƿڴЦģΨԳүӡ
ǡҾֱĴʣأ
үЦų˿鷿ء
ڸϡ
ͷϽͷȥұЩ顣
鷿Ժжξ룬ȵ鷿ʱͷ󺹡
ܿڣû졣
鷿ű˴һ̧ͷܿЦЦ񣺡Һ£
ʵûϣ˼ֱʣ֮ǰ
ʲôɫ죬ѹ°üͷö档
´ۣһҹŪˣϽ˵ɡ
Ŷͷȥ؋Oҵģطʵġ
üֿʼתƻ⣬򴽽ǣҪʵġ
̧ۣĿⶨϡ
ظ𣬶ˋOԺĸױѻòһܵòǼ飬ǺΪ֮
˼ĬƬ̣ں¥
ʲô¥ͻȻ˵طûûзӦȻعʱס˵֮ǰں¥O
ҲЩԣǵͷǡ
õǰȥ¥ǰȥһ˺¥ͷС꣬Ҹս¥ͿλɴĹҵʱֲֻδ롣ظټһ۱ϳӦҲңڷ¥֮ʱ
˵ʼ磬εֻѾˡ
㻹оͦϧġЩˬ
Ƕǵĵͷɲǣʱط˵˼ôԣұҲԿϾ겻Сˣ˭֪
ܻĴ㣬ˡ
ⲻҲû취öҺҲûЩ˼һۡ
ֺһò뿪
վʯʨǰá
һֱΪЩ؋Oֻʳůû뵽ġʮûȾһ˿糾ʵס
ȴҲԶ
-
ʮ
¡վ»ᣬдٹƽϲݷ»ϻ˴ʦǰ𾭣ʱضɽ˺
Ǳ߱ʱȥİţһֱδйֱڰ಻סˣϢ֪ʱ
վ鷿Աߣϰڷһ軨
⻨ԥ؋O׹ºʱµģ½Ƕɫ쳣
ʱĮ𣿡
ǣɫδȫڣ˽кϹλȥģǷӦҪȥɽׯһֲĸʱ˵ֵؼǱҲѾ֪ˡ
ʱ罽ˮĶ΢٣ľ׺ָҶȥ
ǡϢٴȥ
ͷƽվߵṫˡ
ʲôʱİڰתӷխڣȥҹڹУδظ
ǡЩƣֱǰһṫֱ˵ˣ֪Ҫȥʲô˵Ҫһȥ
ʱģЦһذװѥͲʲô
˵ţʱ̧ȥᾰӶ
ɫˣ˶ãֱǣᾰв΢ɲ̾ϢϽߣȥñ֡
ʱûӦŶȥ
¶ƣæүṫӣżرգλ
ֻǳȥЩ£ᵢõġᾰɫԾɴЦ
ʱ͵ᾡϻ
ȻǶô˵ˣֻ÷С
Ͼʱǻߵĺˣ³ȥΪ˻ϰ£˭Ρ
õͨк󣬸ʱᾰ׷ȥ
һǰһꤺۼӱ޵ǰϣʱʱ͸ּ϶˲Զʻɫ
ʱ̧̧֣ᾰл
ôԶĸС·̣ʱżļԻųȷͷǺӡ
˰ʱȻнݺһޣͷɿ׷ȥ
ǰͷƺʲôҲӿٶȡ
ֻǿϧʱ׷ϾͲסĲӽݺһˤȦʱᾰսǰ̧𣬲гš
ʱ˳סһͣ
𣿡ʱɤƫ䣬صյּ䣬Щ}ˡ
ڳڲҧŹܼҼʣҪȥ
֪ʲô
Ըʱֻ·һ
ڵ˽ʱĪЦˣֻǸ˰û뵽Ǹث֡
ûж·⸵ʱơ
һûӦʱԱĥɾѥͲóذףʺ󵶷淢⣬ᴵ˴㲻ͽȥˡ
µǲţʱƿƨĴͷˤ
үүСһСֻǷ°¹ǰͷ
ʱޱֽ̧Ӵ˳
ǰѾֽţǸһվվȣֻ̱ڵϡ
ᾰпɫѵϽЩҪسˡ
仰ڻܻĿʱҾͲµ֪Ϊ˭؋Oû£αء
Ļû˵꣬ʱѾذײĿڴȫû룬ֻʣһβ档
ʱսĶϵ˵Ӧû¡
£š
ӻһʱٻͷϹѾŵ÷ļ֢ɫҰףڵĿ֫ӲŲѡ
ʱյǰϹͷѾ
ԭͣһȷ͵뿪
ᾰϾþò˵ֱһ뾩ſڣ
ʱƫͷȥ˵㵱ôûЩ׹ء
ƻɺ£ʱ߶ָѪϣãЦŻӦ޶ۣܶ鶼ʧȥԺźڡ
ãü
˻ظʱؼƹʱŽյظš
סǣƵĹ
жвˣӦûϡ
ź복һɥϢһ紫؋OС
ͷߵС˴Ļʵλǻڴ/𣿡
Ϣ؋OҲֻƬ̣漴С¡
ֻԱţΪ˴ѣѡ˳׹˹Ĵϣ˼ͱҵ˽ӻȥˣֿ֣ѰɿڣúҰ˴ȥˡ
ӹ̶÷٣˵淢𡣡
˵؋OȻˡ
ǿžͻȻʲô
¡»ڳ⣬ؼŮ쾡ǰ؋O黹شͬһ
ȵ⣬؋O֪ļҷ˾˼׶ǰ
ȻǸδıСֶش̵½ʣɩɩСֶʱ
ӣش̵ɫЩĸʱˡ
؋OͷظؼŮǰȥԺطȻ֪؋OСŮҵ强ҪģԽ˰һ
壬؋Oǵһط
˿ڲʣ؋Oߣ˵ҪȥԱ߿
˶࣬؋Oץ֣㣬ٽһ˶£պ治ͬһˡ
ҵĴϻһ±£ﻹͬ죬һ֣Բɿ
ֻĵطһС·؋O;Ĵ
ȻĨϤӰԩ·խ
⻰һչȥʣôˣ˭ˡ
؋O°ͣʾǰͷԶ̳
죺ǿЩ߰ɣԶЩ
؋OӦȴûסͷۡ
һۣڿ̳ס°۵ĿӣŲȻ£ԽԽúÿ
鱻תӣƼ؋O۾ʱֻĶŲӶģʵ֣ߵĽ
ʲôأ
؋OסǵЦ⣬ҧŴǵλӺÿΡ
˭˳߿ȥɫ΢䣬Ǵķ
؋Oס
򳺣ӡ                        
лҪ˵£µĳˡ
ѾüϤʧ죬ٲ¶棬ǾҪʧȥɰˣײ

33

[ʮ]
򳺽ձй, ̳ĥãȥ˹ҹү
С˴ʵûа취
ʦ, Щٹ˾ĳҪס¡
򳺴ӲЩ, վͻȥ
, ʲôأ̳ŴЦ
ĴһȦ, ûлӦ, ʵ㲻Ѱס˵ͬһȥ
̳˫ֽڸǰǽ߰, õȥ, ˻ȥš
š򳺱ǻһ͵͵ıӦ
֪ƾ¾ãװģˣĸ߸ôġ
ټԱŲһ, ɶ؋Oۡ
, ؋OֱؿԼ˿Ծ, ǵͷȴڲ, ؋OԼĿΪûаӦеɫ
̳򳺵ľٶɫ΢ãڿʲô
ûʲôջۣ̳, ûʲôҪ˵𣿡
ʲô
򳺾԰Σҡҡͷ
ڲԶѲʱ, ҽⱲӶ̫ҽ˵˳ײŻѲ
ײ؋Oƫͷ
ſ򳺺Ȼ죬һʱ˵ǿ˫ʵϻضԱ˵ʱǻֻеǵ
Σϸ룬ʱ̫ǿڶȥעò
˿ɾȥٿ򳺵ģ؋O侲˲١
ּǰߣɲǣ֪˭
؋Oһۣ֪
Ǻ黹û˵꣬؋O˹ǺҵģǼĸôᡣ
ǣѹ˲²Ǻ
؋OãɫϽ͵ȥӸǸ
؋OɫʵһѾЩ˵ӶؽĵΪӦǸƷ֮ˡ
Ȼ˵򳺾ӭ˺λš
ƺܲµʲô̾ϢһҲֲӣͻǹдּ⣬㲻֪
üŪ۵İ؋OЦչȥλѾˡ
ΪΣ؋Oʧʡ
ҡͷҾͲ֪ˣֻ֪µӸ˵ӱòӰˡ
⻰˵؋O֪Щؼҵ°ˡ
оĵĳʪʶƫͷȥֻƼ؋Oɫɷףָⶼڲ
ãôˣϽĸ첲ǰͷʯʱ£ǰӲʣ
؋OסѣΣᰴͻͻ̫Ѩû¡
żæŵվ
һ棬Ѿʰ죬˭֪ͻȻ״
֪؋O˹ȥ飬ֻҪ֮ǰ飬ͷ۵Ľ
ϻ̫ҽ֢״ʱ˳һ­Ѫķӡ
طҩ裬ͷʹЧ
Oڴ˴ţȥҩֳ̣ǧҪ߶ڴ˴ҡ
؋O۵Щһ۵ͷһֳֻʯִԴ
࿴һۣȹӰȾܡ
؋OŽŲԽԽԶȻ𷽲ԺкȻشܳһ˲
޹ؽ飬븵ʱ
ڻƵƮҷվһĿ鰸ǰŵˣʱףŰ״Ķ
ҨһЩ£Ȼ̧೤Ц繡
؋Oſ˵˼֣ȻԼѪ
ܰһĻ؋Oȥ룬һ˺ѵʹϮѣڶֻ£ԼƮɢ˼ȥ뷽ŵǸ
˿؋Oź֪ĴӸʱĿпǼ֡
ͦġ
؋O̫Ѩ̶ֻϥͷ
ô˵븵ʱǺܾ֮ǰѾʶˣǵطûмȴޱϤʱܣ鷿
͢س鷿صж؋O֪
ฮڣԪ鷿⣬Ҷ޼϶ţط˶һܽȥ
ɸʱȴ׾ٵԼ鷿
⵽Ǽģġ
؋OоԴЩ̧۱㿴վǰ֣؋OϽ
Ůӡ
һ仰ȻסԥȴԾʲǸ⣬Ŵǻ˻⣺ڴ˴ʲô
Ъš؋O̻Ӧ
ǳǳЦҿ˼ۣأ
Щۻˣȵ؋OΣ𷽲ǸһۺָϽջߡ
ңȿڡ
؋Oͷ˼Ƭͷ˵¹ϵɺã
ĿЩ֣üô
؋OһСƬΣʵʲڡ
ٵû¡
򳺿۵ƣʣ㲻ǵøʱ𡣡
⻰ʵ؋Oʱ۾ͷֱض򳺣֪Щʲô𣿡
治ǵˣǣǣƺΪ֪Ϣе档
؋OɫãȻҲûʲôӡ
򳺾Ŀ⣬؋O۵ףǰóŮһز֮ǰĺЩ鶼̫ˡ
˵Ǽǲ̫ʵе顣
ûм׷ʣ؋OһŶԸʱǵ˼ûˡ
˺һ鶼ûл
؋O̧ۿ򳺵үڵ𣿡
š򳺵ⲻ֪ɨδЦĵҪȥ𣿡
؋OͷǳŮˡ
ԭ·ۻؼ؋Oʶͷ򳺶ıӰɫᣬ񲢷ٿ͸Լһˡ
𷽲Ƿ؋Oҧҧ˵ҲǸˡ
؋O΢΢̾Ϣ
˻һȥܱ꣬ʵܿɹ
򴽽ǣ°̨ףƫʱ؋OʶƫͷۣûʲôˣЩ}ˣɨӰЩʱ
϶ǻģһ뵽Ļ棬Щ
˼ˣӿŲ׼뿪˭ϴͷͻȻһֻĸ첲˴ȥ
˵Լǰ؋O벻ѡ
븵ʱ룬ҧүѵûҪÿضͻȻڳŮǰ
ʱɫôÿͬ򳺹ϵܺã
؋OһҭŲӵô𣿻˵ŮҪͬ˭ߵýЩõõүͬС
ҲǲԡʱƤĽӻҿܲͬġ
؋OĿɿڴҧݣôôҪ
ʱ˿գһĿڵҲԲҪһԲҪģ뿴𣿡
⻰̫أ؋O̧
վȺ𷽲ŶûʳڵĻ؋OһۣЦֳ̧ʱС
ʱĶǿסǸͷߵǰ
һ̣؋OȻżյߵǰĽ㣿                        
лҪ˵췢ˣ
ûл˵ǾպԤգ۵

34

[ʮ]
ʱ仰ĪЦһ, ĿƵĶ
帵ʱµģ؋OʱԼӦ˵˻ôֱʸʱȻǳȷƪ, ɾûе, ʱҲϡ
؋O, ƫͷȥ, ͼԶ뿪ʱȻ˭ϸʱͷľٶ, ĴǳȴɫͻȻһѹסԼ
㡭؋O, ȴס, ̧ͷŸʱʲôϽ֡
ʱǻ﷢͵͵Ϣͷ΢ƽ֫ⲻԸ𣿡
˵؋Oò, ̲סһ, ɿ
ʱƤú, ˹һС, ھȻˡ
Ĳ߲ģ؋O̧סԼֱڸʱĸ첲ϡյ¶ȴݵ, ʱָҲЩ
؋OͷĽŲ̸ƫϵֻǲ±һ, ˿ûҪ˼
˵һΣ֡
؋Oѹ±ͷ˷֡
ʱһۣ؋O΢΢ƺˡ
ͷһʱû˽˼
ϵɿüۼʱӿϲ⣬˫Ųʱͷݺһƿ؋O󱳵Ϸһ죬ȴûоۡ
ʱҲƵȥ̧ͷͿ؋OüۼЦ⡣
۾ŽĹ⣬ֻСһ
ˣʱЦʡ
؋OǵĻԾɻڣûס͵үӦ˷ҵ⡣
ʱǵЦ˲ʲô
؋Oţûס΢ЦȻǲĽġ
ȻʱĹâ˲۽΢΢ţǵĻ
Ϊʲôô˵
⻹Ϊʲô؋OȻĲ֪еЦһĽ£Ů񲻳ŰȻǴˣԴɩɩġ
˵⻰˼۸ʱһѾҡͷ
ʱȫޣʱšü
⸱ģ˿Ѿ˿ûа취؋Oη壬Ȼֻ؋O˹ȹڿ첽ܿ
Ȼճ̧ͷ؋Oý볨ԱߺȻһԴ
ɫ΢磬ŵԸʱҲЩˬˣŴǸϽ뿪
ת؋OӰԽԽԶʱĵסͷ
؋Oϲͣ
ɵѧ
-
鱾ۻ؋Oҩ裬õȥѰʱײᾰСǰԾЦģܾвԾ
ȥѰˣȻûڴ˴ģԴк첽뿪
Ȼ˭֪ǲһ㣬վǰȥ·
üͷṫ¿
γԣᾰɫЦĶͽСƤɰףüۼ΢ؽӰӣֻĨӢһЩˡ
ǲԼһ㣬Щ꣬һ뵽؋OڲԶԼ˵ڵԵòô
ṫӷΣٷ磬к֪̣ЩǶṫӿϲĽΪѳŮպЩ֪ǽЦ
˵ֱӣһֱӽᾰԭأҪߣԱƿһסȥ·
ᾰ΢΢šüعĶҵ󡣡
ûС鹣ŲҲûֱӷϣԼȷ̫ϣֲŮףṫǵ˵·˸˿ôǺáδŮУҪԶЩġ
⻰ЦᾰУ˼ӷŵг뿪鿪ڵԭ
ͷԴǵԣԳŮ𣿡
ᾰЦЦĵʣƸȢţԸ
߬ŵҩһ뵽ᾰ˲񣬡Ҳޡ
˵⻰ҲٸӣֱȹӾܡᾰȱָһ٣عͷȥĶӵıӰ
ץץԴԼӦҲûôɡ
ʱᾰп˴Ǳ߷öĸʱ
ֵһһ¶ţ˴ֵ顣
-
ߵһ͸ߵ؋OϣЯſ첽
ҩ؋OطߵĴǰǹȥի
޷һԺӣ˭ϸû̳؋Oʱɫÿݺݵ؋Oʵּƽϣĸ첲첽뿪Ժ
߼؋Oܸоǵֱ̳ӵߡ
؋Oͷ̳Ṵо֣ûס˶̳ãֻҪ
Ȼ黹ûѰؼˣһ·Ѿջɫ؋OЩԾ΢Щ
𷽲ǷͷƼӰԼ̳؋Oв
Ҳס؋OЩй󸾣ϲýǶضǺɫ
Щ߰ɡ؋O﷢ţϢԴĸ׺ʹĸǰء
ɫԾ͡
ֻ˸ûЩ˵Ȼ׷Ĵ˹
һΪฮĹӦǶׯشǰأȴ뾹
·ҰѾͷҴСǧᲢۡ
ɲǣСС
˵˵ЩʲôأСҰ˺졣Ȼתӣɿ؋Oǰվڷ˵Ǽǰ
˵ضϵλʶϻغҶѾߵ鱻¶ʱͣ׷؋Oˡ
ϻطԱߣȴҶŷûؼҳֻ؋OСȻ˵˵ĹЩҲù۸ͷ
Ȼ׼ڻ؋OϽסֵý㣬˵ˣ߰ɡ
ԸϢˣɲԸס؋OģҿɲԸ̡
ջߣƫԴŷŽǼǶǾͷˣⷬɶЦǡ
͡˵Ǹߣ؋O䳰ȷҪ˲֪ǼĪΪĹ˵ǾйŮݹأ徻֮عˣѲǻ˵ˡ
ĵɴ˫ۣߣƾҪȥ؋OϽͷסӡûʲô±һ˵ίıЩᡣ
؋OһԼĿĶǸˣ򴽵˵˵ҹ˭ˣ
˵ʱԴ۾ҲЩ죬ģһʱ䱻ʻǸ˷ź֪ķӦǰ˲Եģؼҹ
ԷζǲϿ˵̧ƽˣʣ˵
ǡ¡
؋O˱۾ֻ븵ʱˣǰֲϡÿֻҪ¹ˣضûʲôõ顣
ţȻOO@@ĽŲ؋O׼ͷʱһ
Ǳ׷                        
лҪ˵⼸ĩԣʵڲȶǼһ£һʱֵģոȻؼҾͿԼӸǡ
»۷

35

[ʮ]
ʱɫѿ, Ҳ֪ں˶õǽǣ˿һǼվ؋Oĸ˲ҡ
؋Oվԭ, ԺвϻصŷŸʱ˵Ǿ仰
˲عͷȥ, ʶڸʱᾰ, գգ۾, ƿ߿Ÿʱ˼, ʱ؋OʼձǣϽקק؋O½ǡ
һǰһվ, ؋Oɫ, üۼ˿ûзŵЦ⡣
񣺡Ůүṫӡ
ʱĮɫͷʹ⣬Ŵǵ񡣡
؋O˼ңһ˾һ, 𷽲⼸λ˿е, Ҳ̫븵ʱһ
ʱ؋OȻþõȲ˶Ѱط, ɫݣ첽ӭȥסط˵֡
ڴ˴áط˵ĿȫȻ؋O, һʱҲûע⵽ʱҲڴ˴
؋OֵǿЩȥɣ˵Ҫȥի𡣡
, ؋Oûȵط˵ĻӦȵĽŲ
طˡʱһǷʾ
Ƽʱط˵ͺ, ˸ӣڴ˴
ʱԲӣܿǼ˵ģ⼸λۣؼĹû뵽ͷ˵Ϲ˶˲١
ط֪Ƿʲô
ԽʱȥǼˣɫôÿĪڵؼŮӲҪˣˣȽʮ˰ɣ¶û¡
˱ǷǸһ۾Ϳĸˣɫ˲ѿ
ԼҵĹôؼҹôãԼǼˣ˵ŵڣòǳԵĶҼŮȲؼŮ
뿪ͷǸʱ؋OԱôƣ˵Щ˵ĻʱǴͷһģ㲻ؼҹҲûؼҳԲֱ׳ɡ
ôˣҰһˣ
б°ѷЩ໰Ұ˵һУ
˱ЩҪתܣƫʱᾰоһԿţǾôˣȥЦԺҪôھǹȦͷ档
˼ˣ˺ƤʾǸ⡣
؋OЦ֪ν
ط̧һѣ؋Oҡҡͷڸʱϣʵģ˸ʱĻǷȷͻأɵҲΪ˽؋O롣
ͷ³һط˵ҹδ䣬ʽ꣬иĸף˷ϼˡ
ǺһԲ؋O±ͲǳУҲֻ;˵ˡ
һʱһطˡ
һǺǵˣƫŲװƣûһ˳˵
ҧҧʵû˷ӣֻܻǰһŲ񣺡ͻطĪҪ
õǸĲǱʱһ΢Щӽ؋O¶
һֱǿţŸʱҪһҪǸ˲ûס۾šüͷ֪οڡ
ģ؋OطԱŲСŮ˵ǸֻϣպҪЩֺõ顣
ʶһۣʱҲͷĿϣ؋Oǣסط˵ĸ첲ż΢
؋O򴽵˭ģǱȥ˭ҲȷûбҪΪСŮ
Ͼ؋Oֹ̧ۿ˿ʱ򴽽Ҵûо˭
䣬ʱһ͡
ȷǴδˣʧȥ֮ǰ㱾񣬺ҲԼ
ʱɫ磬һԲᾰм״̧ʱļ
عĮɨǼˣտĹķϸһλᣬúðգ´ٷϢ
첽ȥ
طйл˸ӣŶлүΪOΧ
ӦõġʱһĪĻ
طɫ΢㶣Ҳִȥ˽ǻǺ⣬ס؋OҪתʱȻס؋O
ɫطɫOȥǰͷ㣬ү˵仰ɡ
؋OʹӦȻҲǱŵŪķ
ߺᾰһ·ţ؋O븵ʱԭ
ʱһŵĪҪϡ
Ůᡣ؋OƽƽڲԶ֦ϡ
˽̸ģʱ´Ǽ˵Ļ㲻÷ϣ˵ĻһҪס
؋O̧ۡ
ʱЦЦġ                        
лҪ˵˵첻ˣǿܻڵȣֶҪˡ
һ£⼸춼ȫ쿼ԣͻȻѧϰֵøϰʵûʱ֡죬15ϾͻؼңԺ¾ȶˡ
Ǹ˱ǣ»۵

36

[ʮ]
˵ʲô, ʱ׷
ָ̳رߣŴĿⲻݣʣ׿˵, 
Ůϥĵͷ, Ӧȷ, ūδ
̳͵ִ򷭲յ, ջָŻ, ؋Oһ£бƲ؋O𻹺˵, ǡ
ҧסݲٿ, Ȼ̧۵֮ǰȥ˵Ķ鵽𣿡
ûСŮɫҲѿӦع׹º˱ʧӰū澲²˴ˡ
̳ҡͷ, ᡣ
۾ϸϸ, ˼УǱضȵ񻹲, ģǻ֪°؋O֮Ǳ
ŮС̧, ̳Ĳ
̳߶꣬Ҳ˵˽ʮ֣Ҳа˷, 飬Ůݡ
Ȼһ̳ȻϽȥ, ǰҹҲҪѰ䣬ǻǾһ˽ûõˣҲǰ׷ѡ
Ůⷢ飬Ӧ¡
̳ḧǡ
˽û˭ܸ׽ҲУǵòǱС
-
ǰ¡Ϸŵ£ǼǰϣŮͬסԺҹӰҹ˯λŮŮδ±˭Ͼô˶ӡ
֮סҹǿŮ˴/Ů̥Խܣ¾Ͳ
¡ֻŮԺжǲйޡ
ʱδֱӲظ
޽Сˣʱᾰֱ鷿
ŸձϣᾰбҲǲ±ۣĽǻ˵ڡ
ʱٶȼ˲յԿΪҪۡ
ᾰ̾Ϣ
Щ؋Oʲôǲˣ؋Oδʧ䣬¸ʱֵΡ
ᾰ˼Ƭ̵㵱أҪĸΪģȥ顣
ʱŲյָδͣ٣һڣ֪ûС
㡭ᾰпƶĪ֪νӻ
飬ˣֻҪƽģһһΪҪʱ۷Ųյ򴽣
ᾰжһ󣬶ʣҲʺ
ǡʱ̧ͷĿ棬ȻҲ
ᾰЦǰΪûûΣҿˡ
ֻҪ˶ֻδˡʱӺɫȻĻӦ
мִ֪磬ҲǷˡᾰǣǰмһֱûи㡣
ʱüʾ
ᾰеָһֱֵֻϣĦţϻڴ⣬ߺ󣬹Ȱ㣬ҪԹ̫֮顣
ôʱɫüԹǱб䣿
ᾰҡͷҲһģµ治˵ȿǱ˵
֮ǰ؋OõǷ߷ͼ궯õԹ˵֪ǲڳĹֵӣʱûʵ̨̫Ȩ
ʵѸߣ̫ϥȴԾûеӣѡĸŵĻʵ۹̵Ϊӡ
Ȼ˭֪Ĳ󣬵ʺ̫󣬲꣬Ȩıɽ
Īλ⽭ɽճ򲻿ɡ
˼ˣʱҡͷı󶯣²ܼ
ᾰ˰ļһѾɹضԶ
ʱһۡ
⻰һ˫أҲ֪ᾰ˵ʵȨ֮»؋O
ᾰЦǰֶǰȥѰ؋Oǵûҡ
Ѳͬʱˬ
ᾰЦ֮ⲻھơ
ߺ󣬸ʱᾰǱյİƮֱʧ
ƳſںȻͣפһӰӣʱڣ
ƿ߽վڰ°ع֮˵ĻѾüĿˡ
ʱɨ³һ֣ͷ
һ飬Ҫﱾʱ򴽣鵭ĮʲôֶΣزϸ؋Oʺٻ빬󣬾˵ʲôʲô
޾ϸһֶ¡
ԥ
ʱšüôǰЩɢɢ׿ڷԸ㻹鲻Ը
ˣǱ߲øڱˣǱǸʺ󡣡
ǡһȥ졣
ʱӰʧɫ£Цʲôãֻ̫Щ
צ̫࣬ܵÿһЩ
Ͼġ
-
ùի
۾ͬش˵ԸЪˣ؋OųԵĶЩűڸʳ
ոʱǰǷѹǡ
˼ǧһʱ侹֪Щʲô
ʱĪʾ̳ͻȻĵ⣬нλӵ
顣؋OͻȻһܺõͻȻ֪㣬Ľ׷㣬Σ
һʱƿԣɫ޴ãȻ
ʳڣ؋OŷвԾĵط̾Ϣһ˵ӦҲ֪ء
ίգۣ˵˭
؋OҡҡͷϽû˭
˽ȻԶ˵˵
؋Oű߹ȥƫԴ
ֻҹɫ̫Ũ
һ˺Ȼʼ˵㡣
؋O
̳
ߣŮȰǿЩ߰ɣֻ¡˺üģǱŪˣҲ˵
؋O̳һ䳰ֻ죬ѵ˵ҪЩ˵һЦ
ŮȰ
؋Oȥֻ̧̳ʯͷϣȻӽ
в𣿡؋OԱ
򴽱Ц⡣
̳¶
ܿı飬؋OŷüͷšȻһģ
Щʯͷ־ҪǱȥ
؋OѲʲô֮ˣɿһĻǾ̳óȰ㻹ǲҪĺá
˭̳ͻȻͷ؋Oʱ˶
؋OܵԷĵ⣬԰Ρ
ԭ̳ĲΪ
ܱԸͱΣ̳üңЦ޼ɵƫԴͺݺݽʯͷ϶ȥ
ֿ׼ıˣ˫𣬽ɳƵͳ
̳ͷЦƼ𣿱ҪĶûֹܹ
ţ؋OĪ˺һǳ棬Ȼǿԡ
̧̧̳һƫͷȴͻȻͷѹš
ǰһţ؋O΢΢̾Ϣ˵˰Ҫ
˰Σּһ䣺ɻ
ŮԱ߲жֻܽƵƶ
ָ̧̳ۣϽԼ޿̵ļУ                        
лҪ˵ˣԺȶ£Ͼŵɣ»۵лһǶҵĲ벻ǣ
˳רС棬£ԡճ±ԡΪݡڴ~
лλְǵ£̫ˣϴϴ˯~

37

[ʮ]
ֻѹ̳ͷ, һŴ򣬼һġ
̳ʱףʳʲô, Ū߰
Ů޴, ĿҪ޳
؋OԴʵûۿ, 򴽽˿һЩ, ƼǱС, ؋O΢΢ͷʾ⣬Ǳ߳Щ顣
Ϊ׵Сж؋O˫ֺʮ񣬶첽߹ȥ, ſǻƵһĻ
Ŀһ, Ͻǰסߡ
Ůǰ̬ȫʧ̳ૻ
̳ңͷϵӲҡ䣬µմĽӡȾŵϢǱļ, ۽Ƿſʯ, ѵ۽ࡣ
؋Oվڲ·ڣƼĳ, һʱ侹˻
ʲôָ̳Լգ˲, ֻܶ؋O𣬡ǲǺܵ⣬Сıˡ
؋Ošüͷʣв
ʲô̳һ, Ӧʧʣ֪֪ٸ˭˵
һزͼڸӣǱҪϷʹƼ, Ƕۡ
̳ɴ˫ۣŲӰζ˵
؋OȻʣĽʱǱȥͬΪҪΪң
µЦ˵ԲѰŮ
ˡ̳ҧ˿˼Լ𺣺ʱڲ²⣬㾿ûʧȥ䣬ʧȥ䣬Ϊλͬһ㣬ᡣ
ֱ̳˵¶Լ؋O˿գȤ䴽ǣϲŮûϵϾŮһҪ㡣
꣬؋Oȥ̳ѿɫתߡ
óʧ棬᲻߳ŭһСѯʡ
؋OûӦӭһ磬۾
ֱ؋Oŵ˵ԣĴβңôҲˣҲǰ㣬һԼЩ
ƶǶ
ҹֻ̳̫Ӱһ磬ǰȥǸ̳ѾҴɽȥǰһ鲻߶Ļ
磬؋Oʱ
ⴲӲѵĻۣʱ˸оС
˵̳顣
؋OţȻЦ
Ծûа취ҹ̳һֻѹĳĳʵ̫
緹ʢֻͷ؋Oֱط˵ǰȥ
׻˵ݷıĳ飬؋Oûʲô޷ǲǼƽ˳죬һһһ˫˰ˡ
ǶǰͷĵӹţһǰĹŮǲ࣬˺ͷ
؋OһλӣҲֻǸµģ؋Oͷзֻʲɨһ۾ջߣ˫ֺʮ
ʱʱľһĻ
؋OϸԵͷ¶һذ۵ļ˫գģϡ
ʱͷЦߵǵǰһ°ڣ˹Ĺࡣ
󣬵؋O۳ֻʱʹڣСĴָ΢̧һЩĴָڻڴ
؋Oջۣ±۾
Ҳ֪ǷûгԱΣ؋Oʼŵһռζ
ͼעɶĪ
؋OĬĬְסԼСͨ졣
ɨֱߵ؋OʱЦ͵Ϣǳǳ؋OУС
һƬطأȻƫԴȥ؋O
ͷ˲䣬ΪԼۣգգ۾ʶֿȥԾܿʱֱ
ط΢ոʱǷлĬĬתȥ
؋Oּһӣ˰յСЩڽطȰЩʱ˵Ų׶ǻǰλλƣȻ֧Ųסˡ
˼Ƭִ̣ļ򣬴ͷ؋O㣬ҳȥһ
ǿԼ۾߾⣬ͷá
Ҫջۣɨ۵ĸʱϽͷ¿ˮƫͷȥʱĿ⵭Ķ
鿴ЩͷƤ飬ڨڨһЦû
Ǹʱÿʾ⣺ᾰ档
鷭ۣȥɡ
ȥʱҲǿ؋O˴
˴؋OŶӵֹ飬Һö
̰ɡֱ̨ףĴۣ˾˵ˣիֻʱ򿪷š
Ȱο؋Oûʲôá
šüͷ̾ϢһתͷͿʱĵĸ
ҹ̳ǳЦ
ʱƼЦ⣬Ƭ̣ʣЦʲô
ûʲô؋OŴǰ񣬶үй
ʱûӦ̧°ָָǰͤǱȥ
ΪΡ؋O϶
ʱЦɨ飬ʶÿԶʱߵ؋Oǰֵļǰƶ
؋Oưͣͤڡ
Ž̳޵Ŀ؋OԼЩˬү֪İĽ߶ʼҵ鷳ˡ
ţأʱ
؋O磬üʣԣүԣ
ԾүİĽҺܲˬ؋OϢȣ˵Ļмֶζ
ʱЩ㺣ֽʯϵĿϣЦĵ
Ųֽ¶Ľ⣬؋Oʶס
ģ؋O۾һգգʡ
ʱӲָϲ𣿡
؋OЦ۾ϲġ
ʱ𣬸˺һֻȵݹȥ؋Oԥ֣ʱ˼Ƭ̣˺°ֽ¶µݸ
СȫЦҧһСڣӾ͹
ʱ֧°Ŀʲʱʱ뵽Ȼòիһֻ
ɨ؋O͹⣬ʱʶ֣Ӹ⶯һ؋OȻסҲͣڰС
㡭؋OЩƣŲ֪롣
ʱ̣ջֵǸͻ
؋OĵǸֿ˿ļȣʱоôˡ
ŸʱͻأĿϲ֫崥ÿԽܣ؋Ożȵָ˽ɿοԼɢˡ
Ƽ؋Oɫʱһʱ׼˵ǲŵԥٿڵǸʱȻͷҧ˿ڡ
£ź֪ķӦˣԼ⣬ǷŰݷԸǲǶˣ
Զˣڲ
ʱûסЦ
ᡣк֮£ŶԸ϶ᱻ˵ġ
؋Ożȵͷʱ룬ʣʲôԸ
Ը؋O˺˿ݵ˵
˵꣬Ц̧ۣȻбԸͲ˵ˣ˵ھͲŶ
ԹһЩ؋Oǡ
뷭ӲָʱںȻЩռϣʱסĸ첲΢΢̾ϢĽã÷ŲԼָӸָͷ
ⰲˣֻк
؋OŸʱģҧҧ촽Ȼһã˳úÿء
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л؋OջԼ̧֣ɨŴκЦ
ʱãҲ壬ôôˣ
û¡؋Oͷ޶Լǣ˿ӡ
ʱ֪ʲôҲûƣ⽫ʰ£ȥɡ
ԣ؋Oͷʲô
ʱָָռЦЦĳЩռ
؋OĶ⡰ৡı죬Ͻ죺ͿЩȥɣһȥˡ
ʱת뿪Ȼ؋O
ôˣ؋Oͷ
ʱᣬЦ£ϰߡ
⻰һ؋OƬ̣кҲûתȹܿ
ҶӰӰ´»ζʱʧʱǵЦŵĻɫ
һĻᾰߵǰƲŵһջȥֺһС
ѵûУʱͻȻ
ᾰбҭסǲһ
ʱͣûӦ
؋Oʲûռװãݽ䣬ӹӴָ
ᾰдǰˡ
˵ʱɥʧ˫ףǶţԹСδܹʲôۡҳŮΪ̫λʺ󵽴
؋OҲ˵Сźʱ¶δ
Ƽŵӵӣ˭뵽Į؋OùӶҪء
˼ˣᾰתƻʣʺ؋O𣿡
𸵻ʺ󣬸ʱɫ¼֣Įڣؼ
ᾰ֪Щ븵ʺ֮Ṇ̀Ȼһд֣¹؋OˣᾰвԸ˵ҲûȰο
ֻʱǳеĴʲô֣ĺλ
ᾰ̲סڣʵûôء
ʱֻ̧ۣǸѧĻ죬ãΣ؋Oû赲·ɾΪܸ棬Ҳˡ
ʵһ֪Ϊʺ󣬱㲻ǵǸ㡣
Ǳһֱ˰ˡ
ᾰƿԣֲòϸʱ˵üԡ
ⷬʱѾã˿˵̹ࡣ
ʱתӣͤңĬãȥġ
-
еһ룬ط˾ͷ؋OӰ
˳ȥѰ¡ĴУǱ؋OײǺ¡
Ȼ˭̨֪ףԹһ߲؋Oߡ
һתͷͿط
첽ӭȥˡ
OأطšüȻ؋O߶á
һ󣬵ڡ
ط˵ȵĲͣӿֱֱǰߡ
û߼Ϳʱָ؋OĻطʱһϲʯ˿
ˣүùȥġͼͣҪΪ؋Oѣ﷽ž߶Ŷˡ
طǰһ׹⣬ƣѾͷͱֻռˣؼҡֻռ᲻ø𣿡
һԣоԼԽ˵ԽңҲ֪˵ЩʲôվһԲ˵ˡ
طҧ̣Ȼ؋Oɨ؋OϵЦ⣬ʱ
طֿʱΪ؋Oڣָľٶôɫȫס
ˣСӡȰοʵһֱ²ôõġ
ʱ؋Oı߹
ط˵һ˲ȻͣסţǱסһ϶ģô
ط˿ĿһѾǹ˼ӣҡҡͷû˵ʲô
һֱҹ˵ƣط;ӣĸŮ˯һ
ϴ؋Oͭǰͷ
Ӿ￴ط˵ʼո؋Oָһ٣ʣʲôң
طǶ˶ǶòÿڣջֱӿżɽƼһ
ʱ؋O𷽲ǳԼ°ͣӦ£ô
Oطֹζ֪οڣߵԱ£ֲ֮ͨˣֻλ£ĮôߴδֹŮˣֻǵġ
؋Oָһ٣ãȻ
ǰ˵ǻʱӦò³ģϾҵċOط؋OƮƮȻͻȻ˶٣³һ䣺ǣǲôʡ
؋Oգգ۾˵ʲô
طֻԼ˵Щ؋Oܣ̾ϢȰҵŮôҲǲẦģֻȨ̫ίô㡣
˵ط˻һתͲͬˣĸҵĺӣƷòպίˣҲһš
ط˻ƪۣ؋Oȴڴмˡ
Ȼסط˵֣ͬûйϵģҡ؋O˸ǰ֮ˣҡ
ط˼ģ٣ǳǳһ
ͷ؋OŶʱָһȻ˸磬ƿָ⻬䣬̨档
؋Oźãӡ
һ
-
ʱջصݣͷһש߱ƶ
˲侯Ÿʱȥ˷ֱغá
ӸʱǸطܿݶ¶С϶˴涪һر㿪ʼð̣󣬵ζʵЩǺˡ
ʱɫ΢䡣
״Ͻ˸ָ
һϾ˶ȸʱȥѾЮֺ˰Ժ
ʱ̨ף˵Ȼƿߣ˳⧲ָ˵ĺ죬ĺɫ༫ԡ
ʱɫЦˡ
˵ʱ֪һгĵ𣿡
֪𣿡
һ˹ɫ
šü̫׸ʱ˼
ʱɿֱ֣Ӷǵᾰϴץ𣿡
ǵá
˺󲱾Ĵͬͬһˡʱ˳ǣŪŰָɵǣ鵽˳ĸ磬ƣб֣ĸȢϱ̳ĸŮ
ʱɫҲ˰ɡ
Ѱ˴ɲأΪѾɱˡʱɢЦ
̧ۣʱ˿ģһ⡣
ʱõػƬͷԸȥ
ȥ𣿡ѯʡ
ʱõЦЦһ̧֣㽫˵ס
Ȼ
ȥ³һ㡣                        
лҪ˵ʱ
£հɣԤաΪݡһϲĴղذ~
ǣ

38

[ʮ]
ʱʱ, Ժǧϳ
ŮŻŵĴϽŵùڳϥ߲
£Ƥû̧ǳʡ
ŮĿİ, 춼û˵һĻ
Ͼķ, ̳šüͷۿŻųɺͳ, ʲô£
ˡŮ𷽲, ȴǲ˵Ļˡ
̳һϲ, ۾Ź⣬ٿ棿Ķ
˵⻰ȴԼ˿ģ, ɴ, ɵ׻ܿϵ࣬˺һǿ򶨵ȥڡ
ŮᣬһˣүѾ˴ǰˡ
̳Ҳûʲô, ֻתֻʵ, ûʱѾ⡣
¡ʱ
̳һͷ, ͬʱסԼĲүǰΪ, ˣüͣү¡
ʱ˼, Įֻȷһ¡
£̳˿ûʶԼΣմɤү˵޷
ʱͷݸһ
ˣŶԺż, Ӻݺݱ˦̨£һƵĶ
̳Ҫͷȴ˼ϵˡ
ŮֻԶԶƼʱˣȴû뵽ǵˡ
½ٿʱŵɫҰף
Ļţ̳ʶͷ˭ϵһ۾ͿżµˣͫȻŴ̧ͷȥʱ
˳鵭Įѡ
һ˫۾ƽͷ˿ûйκ㺣ƫָ̳о
ʱ֪С
ǿԼ侲΢΢°͵үǺ⣿
ʱüǹ˶£ǵˣ
ʲʲô̳šü
ʱֱ̫˵˵°؋OǼ£Լɩ볤Ĺϵ߻˶ܿͬࡣ
飬ɶǳΪ
̳û뵽ʱôļ˶һ
ܴʲôأ˭֪ϵ̳˫ֽţ̬ׯɫã뱾ĸйϵҲֻ˵ǳһΪ뱾Ϊһ̸
˵׼̳Цǳ¥؋OͲסįϳġ
ʱɫδ쳣Ȼһ仰ʱ¡
һϵϣִнӹŷֽţҲǺ棬Լ˵δı棬ֻ·µĵӡ
ּֽԣʱӣЩǻ֤ǱʵΪֻ븮ǰˡ
ʱǳЦɣ̧۶̳
ʱ̳ҧгݣѵΪ؋OǸСˣǵðѱϾ·ɡ\"
ʱջߣٿһۣԸ䣬ȥѳĸ
ȥĩ̳ؾ̫㽫ĸӻź
˭֪¾˰⵹ĵݡ
̳ת뿪ֱĸӣȻ񣺡㲻ôҡ
ѵǡ
ʱĮûǡ
һʼ͸ᣬԼϧ
ʲǷھ͸𸴡
̳۰Ͱ͵ض
ֻʱڣƾʲôΪ؋OѾ˱ٿϱˡ
؋O㲻һҪİ˼ȥˡ
̳˲סΪʱǻظʲôȴû뵽˵ǰԼ˵ⷬ
㰮؋O
ͷһ죬̳Ȧʱ
ģʱϧ֮ĶûС
ֱĸƫͷȥƼʱ̧߹ȥ
̳ļܵԺſڣ󲽿ͼʱĽŲʱ㲻ܴ
ߡʱ̸ֱӸһԽ̳뿪
-
оӽµס
ոʱ˵ĻŮǻδɽϾд
؋O֪Ϸ飬Բԣ֧°Ʊʰ˵ӹʵ徻
ɫ΢٣ƫͷȥĪٶգ
ǵǡ؋O֣ԼľгʳֻŻ˻ҹЪʱ˵ʹѾء
˼ǹﻹȥֵİɡ
˭뿴˵λСҲģҵԵ
ŮǰĹĪǶԵ
ţͷβһ؋Oڿǡ
ƽڱϣ첻ٿ
ҹջظ؋O㱻֧¸Ժͬط˵л
ͷû˶˵¡
ЩӲ¹ȥ̫ãܶ˶Ѿǲˡɵǣ귢ʱԹҳݷõӡ΢΢šüͷӻɣԹǱиϵ
طҲ£üϸϸ󿪿ڵɻң
ҡͷӦ֪飬֪飬Ȣ㡣
ط˵ָѹ̫ѨһʱͷʹѣȲҪ㸸ףʲôûУΪʹ֮·ģЩüĿٸ֪Ҳ١
Ӧ¡
ĸ˼䣬ȻἰĻ£ط˱Ҳ뵽؋O顣
ἰ£ɫҲѿµĽO
طδ֪
ĸ׿֪񾩳жˣ׿ڳ׷Oõ̫ѨͻͻȻ
طĬһ˲˼Ƭ̻ӦΣ
ô󾪣ĸĪǵËO޹ȥ
Ҳ˵Σ͵ƾӲԵ䵭ӣËOȥҿԣҶͷһõġؼֲOϵԸ޸ôԺյģίǻס
Ҳûɡ
ط˵ͷҲ롣
-
һ磬؋O÷ƼŲɿĴͷϽ
Ϣ󣬱ŵҪˡ
؋O죬ľ綶һ˲ŵ˵ʲô
档ţѹ؋Oҹ̳ڸϴһ˸̫ݻ˭֪˻ûͱˡ
֪޵ĺˣ؋O̳𲢲Ȥֻ֪Ǻ㵹ù
Զգգ۾Ȼӡ
؋O̳ͣǱǿλӣǿϧаĽĹ
Ƽ⸱ģֵ˵ϱһλӣȴ׿Ϊµġ
؋Oв⣬תһȻʲô
ߵýȴ볤ûа⣬ǻʲôӣԸʱ˵һ˫
؋O˽࣬ãֻȤý
Ϸںͷ                        
лҪ˵OO˲Ҫٲȶˣ
-
ǿеۣڲˣͻ۾дǧģҸ߹Լ塣¶ٿᾡµġ
ٲҪԡΪݡղذɣӦûµ׿ģǣ

39

[ʮ]
Ļڰµ, ó´ĺܼ
֮ǰһΪҪ飬³ʹǰѾ뾩, ʵ۳Ͷ, Խ簲պ
ⳡΪʢ, ⽫ŮĹס
һ, 㿪ʼ˴ԡ
˵ĹĽѾ, ߾Сսʱʱǰȥ֧ԮĹһϡڶ, ŵӭȢĹ, ˷ǰΪ
ԽоమĽʱŮӷһء
؋OѰ󣬵һ빬硣
Ҳѵ׵꣬ǰطŶ꣬˸ʱǵ飬Ԫһ, Ǿٿ乫ӡ
؋Oδʧ, ±㼰ǡ
ʱʱƸ˭ֹ, ˣȻжҲ˸븵ʱˡ
؋O֪ط˵˼, ԲŽһӡ
¿üĿˣ؋O
´鲻ԸĿڣǰЩĸ׸˵, ǹ˼ҵĵմӡ
˼ң؋Oջֻͷĸ˼ң
ɫãüŷƣɵ, ĸҵǸ˼ҡ
؋Oˡ
ȵϡ˵ʥҲˡ
ʺ붫ϺλڻʵҲѾʱ䣬ϥ³һλʵۺ󹬳ʵôЩΪ˸ʺӣʵһֱѹУӴʺ档
ô꣬ϥͷҲֻλˡ
òȴǸ˵ӡ
빬һ꣬Ͱѻʵ۵߬һǰΪʵ˻ʳӣ͵Ϊ
؋OЦЦŲġ
ôܿġסˣߵ棺˵˼ǸմǸӣģԺͷȫǱĸȥźݺݺࡣ
؋O죺ᣬĸΪ࿴£Ȼϸϸ̽۵ġ
û˵ٻ˵ǹ˴ԸġɥʹԴС˵˹ȥⱲӿɾͻѽ
ġ؋OļĸضẦġ
˵؋OҲûеף˼ͷҷԽ⻰ŵ˵µľ࿴顣
Ůҵ˵֮١
̳ؽˬǽŵŮ˴һʼ⣬ȥһӺԺġ
ŪһʱҲû˼؋OװƥӰȥ
û؋OƼȥ˸Ű㣬ζᡣ
؋OʶƫͷȥŮƺĿ⣬ңң؋OͷЦЦ
λߵϿ԰Ұһƥ𣿡
ƹۣǸֻʣһƥˡ
ѾƼ؋OûʶOˡ
؋OӦһٻͷ㿴ǹЩʧ䡣
؋OҲ֪ԼʵʲôۿŮӾҪ뿪ȻҪ𣿡
ʲôŮӻͷ
ƥӡ؋OָָҪĻȥɡ
Ů۾һǰ𣿡
؋Oͷ˱һƥӸˣЦŵ͸ɡ
⡭ŮԥȻû뵽؋OҪ͸
ԥԥ؋OЦҲȱȥñˡ
л㡣ӵݸѾߣҽй񡣡
؋O΢㶣һ֪ǰ˭
ղУұǴա
Ĺ؋Oɵ
üЦ۾ʵϲǣʲô
؋OҲЦ˸ӵСŮ؋O
ʱ˵ؼŮòһǡ̬󷽣˿ϸᡣ
؋OһѾеĲϣʵҪʲô
΢죬ƺЩ˼ǰһĽ֮ϲɫӣҴѹմ
؋OǶǵӦһʶ̧ۿˡ
ȴڲ²Ľ֮˻˭
Ȳֻһ؋O
ת򣬽нԶ
̾Ϣ¶Ľ
Ůʣô꣬Ǵ˴ٲɡ
ǰʧૣôˣǻɣǱȥ
ŮĽӵū˵λھǰ׿ڳϣδŵӡ
ۣӰЩƮ֪
ظϡ
؋O𷽲ŹǷЩʧ
ãʲôأļ
؋Oסĸ첲ûʲô
ǹ˭İӶ˼ˡȻʲ˾؋O鲻õԴͷ
Ĺ؋Oֹ
룬ŷӦʶԱÿһЩĪϲˣ
؋Oһ㶣ҧ˵˵
ĳʹüҲûÿ
̶ʣ˵ʲô㲻á
؋Oô𡣡
ЦûӦ
˼Ƭ̣؋Oûסʣ㣬˵ĹǸĴǲѽ
ʲôղ֪𡣡
һνģ؋O԰Ρ
-
ʱü죬ת۾͵˹ա
֪ģ؋OոճƤ
򴽽ǣһ󲻰
ط˲ĲԾĶ£͸ڰ߱ǡ
Щš؋O
ط˲֪ΰֻֽס֡
类԰ϽǵĻء
Ĵп;ĵطط˴؋Oһ·ӶŽߵغͤ˸λ¡
˴ʺ޵ܽ˭ûע⵽һɫֱ׺ֱֱǹ
ˡʺױ磬ͷعͷȥǸʱ
ЩһЩӸʺѾûмʱʱ빬ÿÿϸʱй߲ϴνȥؼңҲûܼ档
һѾδˡ
ʱɫҾ
һãʺƷڵζţ߳磬Ƽʱԭһʱ죺ɡ
ʱ£Į˿ǸĽˡ
ˡʺ촽⶯˻ͷڣ˴ǰλĹɼˣ
δʱۡ
ʺԹպضῪսĶϻɵöࡣ
۳ʱ΢٣̧ۿ֪𣿡
ʺҭסû뵽ʱԼ˵
ɫЩǺʣпɻ㣬ʮ²ҲɲᣬϻؼǺʱ
ʱЦЩǻʺأ
Уɻ΢İֺۼ
㡭ʺɫǺ죬Щڹֱ
ʱĿⲻܲӦǣ΢ǹ㡣
Ϊ؋Oʺ۾΢С
Ϊʲôʺѵ֪𣿡ʱﴽ֪΢ӣһ˲ģὫڸϣͬһˣȥ̻𡣡
ʺһ⻰ڸɸٸԼ
ʺָӷ棬İĸʱ૵ɵʹ㣬ԼԸȢġ
Һʱ˵ԸȢʱȻֻ̧˵ҲΪ檡
һһ伫侲βµʺΪֻΪ˱粵
ĬΣʺɬ㲻ˣ
ʱ̧ۣҡ
ʺĿ󿿣˲ȦһƬ
ߵָϽȰοү⻰˵ʵˣô龫ǣΪѵǸ𡣡
Ϊ˸ңλϣԼݺıϣʺﵫһңձ㲻⻰ѹ؋O
Ҳ֪؋OѾΪֻ֮֮ĶûС
ǲһ˭ֱ˭ã
ʱɤЩƣǸûܵһʱ֪؋O˵˸ʺ
㡭֪ˣʺָҰʣʦ𣿡
ʱЦʦﲻңֻ˵һ䡣
ʺֹסķ˵ʲô
Ϊ˱סȨƷңҲΪ㡣
ʺţ˵ʲô؋OѾ
ʱֹԲ˵£˻ʺҲ뷽跨˹ûˡ
΢ˡ
ʱͣת뿪˷͹
ŲδֱͣվͤʱɫŻ˹
ҹڻʺɨ̫࣬ոʺ؋O˵л
ЩֻһΣȴ֪ԺعٻأԽԽ̶ĿھԽܡ
һ뵽؋Oܵί޲ˡ
Ȼ˵Щãģֻн
ǳǳ³һʱ̧ҡҷ֦؋O
̽ȥһЩûסЦˡ
ط˷󣬹˴˾͸˹
˵һлչ˷˻ûסͷת飬ﻰ˼ҪطشǰԼ䡣
؋Oģ˸۳
ָң؋OͶϸʱ۾ʶüЦﻮһͷָʱ˹
ʱ߹ط˴֮ĻȻվš
̧ȥ؋OСΣǳǳ´
ɡʱȻ
طȥƼʱ˸Ͻ񣺡ү
ʱһ̧ڹ˴ϣЦЦ˷ҪΪ˶˵£
˴ɫΣǡ
ؼʱʡ
طĪ̧ۿʱǸʱʱؼҵȤˣȻһ̣ʱɤЦ˿ɷܽĹｻƬ̡
طšüүҪʲô
ʲѰ㽫¸֪¼ˣʹȥʱĲģࡣ
ط֪؋OĹ飬˿Цŵү
ʱͷתͤӡ
Һ󷽵؋Oಽĸһֱܿط˵ߣſڣүΪƭˣ
ⲻƭˡʱͷЦˣ͹ȵΪһʱƭͲƭˡ                        
лҪ˵үڡ
µ磬ۿһһ٣ƽ
-
λԡΪݡµ׻¿Ǵղذ
ϲţϲʮꡣ
죬ŸĻıӰֻΪֻǸΪܻٻ
˭֪һټʱʱȦķ
ͬѧۻᣬ볡Ѿȫ
Ƽ۷׷ס
ǰ͹ָ̣֪Σ
ӭȭͷ㽫̽ӾأֳһʱңǱ
һ뿴ȫգֱߺߣۡ
һ¾Ͳˡ

-
Ӱ꡷ӳ죬ӰƬ˳ŵ
ŰñɢĿڳϣ鵭Ȼ
ҹȥܻ죬ŪһˣټֻǿһۣҾ֪군ˡϲΪûңҲ֪ʧȥʲôźȻͷ೤׾ٶҶԸģ棬ɡ

40

[ʮ]
؋OŸʱ뿪, ͤڵط˴ɫ졣
طǰʱڵǾ仰˴ȴЩеĴԡ
ɫֹ֣µ׷Ĺ
ЩڴһʵҲûʲô, ƫ˾Ȼʵ˸ǰ, طʱɫͲÿ, 򴽵⻰պĪҪٴ, Ķ顣
˴˻ǲ˼˵, ЦЦֵʲôܱϵĹǡ
Ļû˵ڣطȴˡ
˼ǰش˵Ƿ, طɫݣؼŮֲǼ޲ȥ, ΪηҪϡ
ǡؼ˵£˴˸ϽЦŴȤ죬Ҳ˵ûطĪ֡
ټƽϣط˻˼, ٴ
һ, ˴ֲôЦ߿
ʱ, شЯ
˶ͤںȲ裬ط, 飬ɷȥѰѰO
鱾ͱеܣط˵, ͷǡ
֧ߺش˲ŵʣôˣ
ط˽ߴıӰջأʲŹ˴Լ˵Ƿ֪شˡ
˶һ, ӱ˴˵ĿпΡ
ش˺ȻץʲôOô£
ǰ¡·鲢δ֪شˣ֪ʱʲô£ֻдԸʱ׷؋O¡
ȿʼҲֻ޻̸ֱ֮Ÿʱ飬؋Oߣشӡ
ǋOʲô㡭ش˲δ˵̫ס
ط̾Ϣж︣պ˵ɡ
؋O֪ʱŵطԥ֮ġ
ڸʱ࣬ȣ̨ףǰͷż仰ˮӭĳ˻㻹ǳζ
؋O·İЩԥ
ֱƹһƬ֣ʱߣ؋Oſǰͷ
Ů񻣬؋OӲƳɵ£ͷǰۺɫЦôڶڲסġȥȻɫơ
؋O΢죬վԭûǰߡ
չ˵Ļʶƫͷȥʱ
ǼˣдԽԲˣ
ʱߣӣôˣ
үҹҪʲô𣿡؋OɫȴЦ
ԣʱü
˵֮ͣľ뿿ĽϢһ؋OĪͱһĻ˶䡣
ƼʱЦæƿߡ
ǱߵĶ؋OһĻţ߬סʱָȥһ£ס؋OС֡
ʱɨ˽յ֣ﻮһĨʹ
һУĳٲˡ
ʱ𱡴Ȼ
֪ΪΣ⼸ǻȥԽԽʹԽʹͶ؋OļԽ̡
Щܵñ֪ǽոʱԸʺ¶Լĸͷء
ʱãûа취ټ֮ǰ޶ԣʧȥ؋OԼİ⣬ٱòϲԼƽ
ü
ü֮ǰʱ˺Ĺ
еֲ̹ģڣʱԼһС͵
ι⾰͵û䡣
˼ˣʱ؋Oֽ˽
ԶЩ؋O̧ȥʱɫ֣սȥ
ȵϢ؋OƤϣ؋Oëһɫƿ
ôˣʱ𴽽ǣѹĵ׷ơ
؋O۵Ұ˵ˣҡҪҪ֣㶢ű˿
ʱЦЦһŶԼֻ̧ǰЦſڣҪҪҸ𣿡
ʱ䣬ʱ־ǿһ֣؋OϽ˳סԼֲУĿֹסŴǲҿֻмٵĺչֳĽš
ʱʶ£֣ͼս؋OĴµһ¶ȡ
؋OʱЩɣ؋OƫͷʱĹĽ֮˲ҡ
؋OЩڣ֪ѽ
һĻǰ᲻ס
ʱ̶̵ڣ֮ǰǲǼ㡭ңл˵
ʲô؋Oͣ٣ĺıᡣ
ʱЦЦֲ޷Ц⽥ûڣѾʣǸ
ô˰؋O磬šüͷƲѡ
ָ䣬߽ڸʱϣȴһĻϤĽ
Ժйĳۻ
Ժ¡
؋O븵ʱվţͣüۼ価뵭Į
˵˼仰؋O죬ʲôҲ壬ֻܿԼȸʱ뿪󣬰ڡ
һ̣Ȼð
؋Oǰʱʱ˵Ļ
ֻԼ̱Ǿ䡰ˡ
؋Oɫɷף͵ְ̧סԴ
ʱûע⵽؋O˱ۣͷ¹˵֮ǰ
OͻȻվڳϷӻ
ʱĻϣ؋OҲͻȻ˿亹乣̧ͷȥ顣
ǡ鱻؋O׵ɫŵգգ۾֪˵Щʲô
؋Oһ
⧲ֳסһߵɣֻ̧ۣϸʱӡ
˵Ļڿй£ֻ³һ֣㡭
ʱüĶʣ
ûС؋OĬκվֱӣ飺ôˣ
첽ĸѰ㣬˵쿪ʼˡ
؋Oͷʶƫͷȥ۸ʱ
Щӡ
ʱĿ͵һͣȴתȥ
ȥְ̧üģһʧ
-
؋OصطʱŮѾ׷ڶȥ
ŮδֿŮϯϯǰ
Ԫʱͷһ؋O
ʵȥĵżɽ˵⼸վдԡ
䲻ԸŮĻ·̨ɶԷһ֮
ԪԱ㿪ڻӦ˼䡣
СŮձѰأ΢ٶ߼꣬ٺúѡϾ¡
˭֪ʵֱʣĹδ乫֮ƥ䣿
Ԫҭסǡ
ʵЦһ䣺ģ޶ΪĹһŷ
˼ˣԪЩġ
ʱ棬ֻҪ󣬻ʵ᲻ʡ
ʱ˾
Ԫ޷޸¾Ʊ
؋Oûע⵽Ԫ񣬵طƵġ
ս؋Oʣʲŷʲôɫѿ
؋OؿڷƣûʲôǱطôһʣЩίҺЩ֮ǰˡ
棿طѹսֵȲҪǿԼܼãǼǲĻҲûϵ
؋OǶ˶ȴһʱ䲻֪Ӧ
ܼȻǺõģȥǶοհ׼ܱ
ɽձʱһ؋O븵ʱĹȥֲǺ졣
Ǵ˿ദ졣
؋Oʹһʱӡ
꣬ʺʵǰҲںͷ
ؼλÿǰԪĶǸʱŲԶļ϶؋OΪʵʱ̧ۿȥɶϸʱ̵Ŀ⡣
؋OĿһŻʵ۵һƽ
ЩƺѾʼܿƵĳűĵطȥ
ʱָھƺôţһһ£ĿЩۡ
λĸʺܽ׾ٱ㽫ʱһп
˳ŸʱĿȥؼϯ
ʺδ룬վٱϾʱƼƫŽλĸյ·˵Щʲôɫ΢䣬Ȼ
ʵ۵߸ȥôˣŻŵġ
һԵĹӦʲŴӵĸˣǴӵ顣
ʵ۳Ƭ̣ȥѺӴɣҲδˡ
⻰ڸʺУȻǴ̶
֣ͷһ
һźţⲻݵļƣȴͻȻ뵽ģٺЩ̫ҽҪƽ𡣡
ÿնƽʱƽˡʺЦ̧ۣӽ˻ʵۡ
һĻۣƺٴ¡
ʱߵĶ̧ɨʺššüͷȴֲɫƿۡ
ʺʤֻЩ⣬̫ѨɱĴ
̨»ЦʺĿⲻٴɨԪλãײһ˫ӣʱһƣ˾؋O
ʺоƱôȣµϡ
ڵڸƽע⵽ߣΨиʱ󣬵һʱ㿴ȥ
Ƽʱ͵ЦžƱ档
ʺתȥֵ֣֣ŵĹ˭
ָϽȥֻһۣҲղߡ
؋ǪңңߣȥײϸʺĿ⣬˽һ󸵻ʺֻʱȥʱ
ɫȻһ֪¡
ʺ𾪲ѣؿһǰһھ˹ȥ
ֳһʱҲʱҲ㵣Ͻߵʺߣһѽ͹ȥ
⹬ͻȻ
؋OҲû˼ȥԸ֪طˣһ빬ظ
͹һʵ븵ʱͷŵ
Ů̧ͭˮʱɨһ۾סͭȫѪˮ
ʱ̫ҽźڻʵǰ
ΡΡĿڵ£ʺСˡ                        
лҪ˵OOйıӦңbushi
-
ָһ㣬ŮˣлǵĻ·ǽ컹

41

[ʮһ]
ʱɫһ, ȷû뵽
þʯϵĻʵĿѣȻ˻棿
̫ҽӹǰ, ͷ, ǵĺ˳ȧǻ, Ҳȥ, , ʺӦһС
ʵ۱˱ۣһʱͷʹѡ
ȥɡʱ, ƫͷŻʵ, ʺﻹᣬպȻеġ
ȥʺɡʵ۰֣ҡҡԴ汯ʹ
ʱ죺ϲȥƣ
ʵ̾˿޻ȥ
䣬ʵת뿪˷͹
ʱıӰ, ֱʵʧ, ջ
̧̨ѽζɾ, ʱƹڵ
ʺ۾ббϣɫҰ, üͷšƺǲܡ
үڴϵ
ʱɤЩɳƣ̧ۿ, Ϊβ¸֪ϡ
Щʱһж˿ûлеף̫ҽƽ, ˭ֵ֪ԴĬĬᣬգūźЩҲЩ顣
ʱĿڸʺͣ˺һӡ
ϻ£һ
ƼʱתҪ뿪Ƶĸȥү뿪ڵĻƼض
ʱûлӦֻŲͣ٣ûʺЪϢ
˵գʱ첽뿪
ľӰһ̾Ϣ
ٻͷʺȻ۾
Ķᣣ֪˼Щʲô
ˡֿ첽ӭȥڴϱ֡
ʺöûгһƬžҲٿֻܾȻ˭֪ûʱϵǺȻعһ㱬
Ѱޣֻѹֵʣ˫ʣĴ۽ǻ䣬˳ƤŨܵķ˿Уοôһš
⺢ĲףʺʲͬƽŮӣǰһ̥ʱӣ̫ҽʱ͸Ҫûܸܵ⺢ٵϲãȴȻûˡ
뵽˴ʺƺܣ޵ø
Ҳ˼Եģ̵ķϸ΢Ŀ
ʹסʺֵעӣպеǻᡣ
᣿ʺʳ⺢û˳£𷣱𷣱̰Ĳ㣬؋O˵˰
ʺ۽ǣȰο뿪ЩˣӣЩԵүͻͱǡ
ʺʳĺӡ
ѹֲѣŮǶʹԴҳΨڵż
⣬̫ҽ븵ʱ̨ϡ
ʺӡʱԥ
̫ҽ̾ϢպУֻϼѡ
ʱɫҲûйನƬʣһ̥Ϊλ䡣
ǰ±͸ССģȣƺܵγŵС
ʱûٶʡ
йʺ˱ˣܵøЩۡ
؋OܵĿô졣
͹֣ȴǱŵϲ졣
˴˱ŴӣЦ⣺µãҲûˡ
ָϵ˿ĸײ˸ˣǶĶܵĻ²ǡؼȢţΰɡ
ʱ룬ֱӽ쿶Ȣ
ĻָȻסĵ̧ۿĸ⻰˵Ц
˴β֪˼̾һȰοǻʵ۵ŮˣЩ˼
ĸ˵ʲôءЦӯӯȴ˿쿶ͬһˣϱʲôǶ֪ŮҪĶȻҲҪ
˴ĿȻԼûпŮ
𣿡ۣݸһЦ
ס
ڴϣɫȻ
-
ʺСһֱղŴ؋OС
ط緹һڲ˻δͽͱ龪ס
ϯϣʺ󿴼񣬻ƺڿһ֮󣬸ʺȻ˹ȥ
ĪСͬԼʲôϵ
ط˿ϧҡҡͷǿϧʺһ̥
ɲǣҲûӡط˲ˣǳӦ
˵Ҳ֣ʺСֻȥ˲һӱ뿪ˣûȻʺ
؋Oҧľ˵ֱἰʱ؋OȻ̧ۿȥ
һۿ֣طͣ»ͷʣOôˣ
؋OһǸйʲô𣿡
طҡͷʲô
؋Oֻۣʡ
ù؋OӶͻȻܳЩԼЩżƬΡ
ص¸˼뻹Ǿõóȥһˡ
˭ϸջѳţѰá
⼸æûҹ؋Oվſ´؋O˫ֻʣȥĶ
ȥ؋OһۣŪڵҪȥ𣿡
һԳţȴʱͻ
´ȥ
؋Oſ׵˼˭֪õ棬ԥһС˵磬ҳȥء
õһۣȥҪǲ㣬Ҿȥ˵ȥ졣
ˡ؋O˴۵Сһ؋Oаɡ
ϣ˺þá
Ĭһ˿ڣ˵˵ҪȥĶ
؋OŲ£סõĸ첲Ҫȥ¥
¥΢ȥǶʲô
؋O֪һӲСĵõļϿȥЩС˵ҸоԼԼһЩ֮ǰˣĵطǺ¥ȥܲһصϤС
ⷬʱ˴ǲ˵
ûϴγ˵Щ؋O֮ǰԥƤӵ»ʮꡣ
ǲ؋O֪ѾʳĹȥ
ķУȥõʱ뿴ˡ
؋OƲѣ̧Ī̾˿
؋OߵϻؽȥʱǸСŴŷǿġ
ɫ΢΢סٲȥ
̧һ¥ƫųţͷķҲ˺
؋OšüͷƫԴöһۣ˶û؋OջǱ߹ȥ
ߵſڣһסСȽȥ
Ҫ֪ΪΣ؋OƤţŽӡ
Ϊδ˾סɨ˿ҳĴǡ
؋Oսȥƺһ˿ĹǵĻЦͬʱӳĻɽ˺
סͷһһӿĶеѣΣſߡ
Ȼ¥Ų
؋Oֻ̧ۣû뵽ˣ졣
һ̣̳ǰ؋O𴽽ЦþòĹ
Ҫ؋OȻ磡
񾭽Ųͣ٣ʲôˣ
û¡؋O֪̳һлҪ˵Ǿţ؋Oһһҡ
ҧӻӦãſڡ
̳ﻮһ˿Ȥζô±Щʲô
㲻ҵģʲô˭㲻Ҷҡ؋OƶڣָģרңӦҪ˵ɡ
̳Ц
ֻĴñ񡣡
؋O߲ܲżɽɣ˷ʱ䡣
֪ΪʲôŮɫĸʱƫƫм𣿡̳˳⣬ζЦΪ˺ܶԲ飬׹£Ҳ˱˵ҡ
؋OɫҰףǲƾʲô㡣
Ѿˣ𣿡̳Цδ䣬üͷ󣬻Ĺˣ벻һ
؋Oڻش̳֡
һ¥ű򿪣һϮˮȹŮ˳
؋O޶ȥ
̳ӣڽܵλ裬ǵ𣿡                        
лҪ˵ܣͰ£һûüϴҪܡ
-
ĲӦÿˣǵøҶԣ
ǣ
-
лǵι
ӪҺ
ѧѧѩ`?+1
֮+5
δ+10
ǣ

42

[ʮ]
؋O̳Ľ, ʱ
Oǰ鼫临ӵĶơ
ǡ
Ļû˵꣬ԺС䡱һ, δĻɿǰš
衢ؽ塢򳺡ʺ, һšǸʱʹЦ
؋Oְ̧סĶĺ, ֱſʱ, ڳָ̳, ˵
ӣ̳ҲЩԥˡ
؋OʲǾ仰˵û, ʲôһ, ̳ҶЩʲôƼģһʱЩ̫
؋O̳촽⶯𣿡
Ŀڴģ؋Oﳡ, ȴʼ, üͷ㵽Ҫʲô
̳ɿȰο㶼֪˰, ʱȴĽʱ, ȥߣõԼҪĶȴͼɱڡ
㿴, ôܵõһƬġ
؋OָסſϬĻأڴʲộ
ң̳΢, ûϵ؋OôͷӦʲộ֮ǰҵȷΪܰʧȥңŲϲ㣬ҲˣĲ̣ࡣ
ͻļԺ؋OоԼѾҪըѡ
˱ۣº̳Ȼ֮ǰͬαûʡ
̳סʲô
؋O䴽ΪԼ˽ģαҪһؼ䡣
ǡ̳ҧϵΪԼҼøʱô£ܹȻĻš

ϧ仰û˵ڣ؋OضȻҲӦҼȥڻҪҡ
̳һĻ؋Oۣǰ߶ϣһڽհҼһС
ɡûʲôԲ顣
؋O԰ı⣬ȻʧЦ𣿡
ûٸ̳˵Ļᣬ؋O硣
ôˣþſڣ̳Ļһ
؋OŲϣҰȥ
̳ɫ΢䣬Ҫֻ̧ʱ؋OǰŴ֣ݺһ˦ϣֿ׼̳ƫԴ
һԵøհסļһȻס㵵Ŀ؋O
̳عɴ۾ʧС
؋O߬סģݺݿڣõõģҸʱ֮黹ֲ๣ǷҲ㣬ǷҪҲ˵㡣
ʲôָֻţҪҪˡ
û뵽؋Oʲžһۿͷ
̳ɫӲһ˲ڣ؋OҧڻûȫҪǸҼڱº֣֪ÿ
Į𺣬̳ûм؋O
УԶСģ˵ᣬ˿ϳ֡
˵˵֣µĺݻ̳Ҳȥš
㵼϶؋O뿪¥
؋O̫Ѩ治ڽĴ
؋OһƬң鶼ûֱķ겻ѣһʱ̲ס𣿡
Ҳû뵽Ӥǵǧ
ôһһʱ˵ˡ
ڹűߣӹʲôҪһȴΪ؋OԱ߲ÿڣֻܳĬ
صظ؋OеѣηθҲû˵ֱӻ¸
Ժڳ¡
鵭ĮӸµĶ裺㵱ںδOġ
£ʵû˵ǵĸʻǵĻӦūǱ͵ġ
˭Ƥ΢ߺЩ
ҡͷ֪
šü˵عﵽϵӣ֣ŲǴӡ
⻰Ϣ̫࣬Ӧ¡
ѰܼƫԺ谲סԸ²
-
؋Oص¸󣬱ֿ֪ʼͷʹҩ؋O¡
ȵʱ؋Oӿ˯˹ȥ
Ժ֮䣬ƺǰһƬ
󣬽Ժĳٶȼ¹һ顣
؋Ošüͷϸϸܵĺ顣
ˮıƼ첽߹ȥߣó؋Oָӻϰϰ؋O˯ʵЩ
һ˯úܳѾĺʱ֡
؋OıűãȻĶŴɫƵϦڴϣӳÿɫ
ˡ
ʲǶ˹̳νĿǷʱνĶԲԼʺֵֹ
ڶ׹
ʳ߽ƼѹЦſڵС˹ԵĹ𻨸⣬ùһЩ
؋O̵£˼ʹҲǸ
죺ô᣿ǰչҹҪԼġ
ţǱǹȥϲɡ؋OԼȷ´أЬӡ
ΪʱĹ𻨸⣬Ĭεڲϲˡ
ͷʹɺЩˣһˮʡ
؋Oͭʰױݣͷҳȥһˣ㲻øš
ﻹűӣȴѾ؋O˳ȥ
ߵſڻ
Һܿͻ
؋OĬ
ݵıӰšüͷЩ֡
󣬱µ飬ϽȥԺطˡ
-
؋OȥӸ
ſڼҶǰȥͨԹ
˳ĬߣֱϤĳȣ؋OſʣǰסԺӣӿɻš
üһŸռʱ;òԾ⻰һȻǼˡ
ڣôˡ
؋O΢΢򴽣ȥһжˡ
񣬻ͺͷǰ
؋OսԺ䣬򳺱ͷһ󣬲Ÿ؋O߽ȥ
ʲôױϻ﷭ң̲סʡ
؋Oҧ´۽һҺҪĶ
ԣ򳺲Ǹʱ𣿡
؋Oü΢ǸָһǣǰҪ͸һλĶ
򳺸о؋OԾ۵Ҳû˵ʲô
ӣվڳ¡
؋OƫԴںδҷ𣿡
ղ󷽱㣬պұʱɡ򳺵Ц⵭Щ
؋OͷҲ֡
Ϧ£Ժȼƻ
؋O򳺲֪վ˶ãֱ؋Oë˲Żع
תӿ򳺣ǰߣһʼұĿĵģǻǺܸл㣬򳺡
л򳺴濴۾ЦŵܺãҲӵиõġ
؋O¶һЦݡ
Ҳ֪ΪΣǰһִ򳺵ĸ첲Խס
һɫӡ
лл㡣؋Oȵϣ˵дǳǳĺãδҲӦúúôԼ
Ժˣ؋OŸٶ
򳺳Ĭ˺ܾãͷ΢죬̧Ӳֱۻס؋Oļ
˳Ļ؋OĴǣÿĻȣƫͷԺſڵĸʱ֪Ƕã؋Oֻ֪ʹ࣬ż׹ľ
؋OסǵЦ⡣                        
лҪ˵ˣ~
ʱ̳ǲǱϵĴ_(:١)_
ӣ׷һʱľͽˣǵýҪԣǣ

43

[ʮ]
˶ŵĳЩ, һʱ˿˵
Ǽ⣬؋Oȳȥġ
ӾҪ, ؋OȻһץס, һգգڸʱ, ڵ, Ҹһ𡣡
һǰһ, ؋OĿбӣûжߵʱǰʱջ, 󲽴߾
Ȼһ, ʱ̲֣סĸ첲
۹۱ǱǹĿ첽뿪؋O˲ӡ
Oʱƣϸ΢Ŀɬ
, ؋O治ɫԱƿԼĸ첲, ʱĲ؋Oһ뿪
ʱϽת, ȵĽϣѿڣ㶼𣿡
, ؋OĮӦӦǡ
ͣƬ̧̣۶ʱôƺԴ˺ǲ
ʱ
Ļ
, ÿÿܻġġˮĸʱļ価ɢˡ
ᡣʱɬ΢Ц۵״ǵĺ, ܼұκ˶Ҫˡ
؋O˹ǣɫЦЦүǡѻڱء
ʱ۵ɫ
е؋O˵ÿһֶԥĿڴÿһ¶Ҫ
ɫŮˡ؋OȥɫʹҪ뿪
ʱżæŵס͵ͻO
֡؋OšüɫȻǲá
ģʱ֪ܲ룬Ŀڷ䣬֡
؋Oǰ˼ͻȻ½Ųͷ
ʱǰһʶǰŲ¡
׹£ҵ˭؋O΢ƫԴ¶ǷĲ
ʱϽһᴦ㡭
ء
؋OĮļ飬ʹ˼Ƭ̣һ˼Щʱ̳̬ȣһʱˡ
ʱӰͣãһԲǰߡ
עһ󣬻ûסʣO㻹ԭ𣿡
؋OûлӦŷһת뿪ҰС
ʱ˼ǽϣʹͷֹסһ΢졣
Ϊܽе鶼ãɵڡ
סᡣ
ߵǰԺʱ؋O򳺡
Ҫ𣿡ʶ󣬷ֲû˹ۿʣĵΣ
؋OЦҺʲô
򳺶֮˽Ĳ࣬ҹ֮һֱ֪؋OͷǸǸʱ˿һĻЩס
֮ǰǡ
؋O̧ۣû˵ĻȽضϣ棬Ųײ飬Цظ֮ǰ֮ǰɣԺҺҺҲûʲôǡ
Ȼ˵ˣҲٶ˵ʲô
һ·ԣ͵ſڣ̵һ·Сġ
ʼζ
ڣ؋Oܿ˵ߡ
ŵǿȻ£ɿһʹޱĵͷȥȻӡǵСָǸѪ顣
Ʋ֪˶ãһι̵ġ
؋OĴڱ¶޵԰Σȴ³ֻ֣
ǰΪϲһġ
ڲŷֹȥжü𣬿һԸİĽǼֻǷʹ
ǹͷ͸磬죬Ŀڷ
ʲſʱ۵һ˲޷ǿװˣû취ʱΣŲҪЩʩᡣ
Щؼң؋Oľͷ˱仯
պҪ޵ģضֻһˡ
؋OʲôȱҲϡҪĲһ̹İʱû؋OʹĽҲصޡ
ɫʣظ𣿡
؋OֹסᣬɤӵȥԶ
ԶӸЩ룬؋OȥĿ磬ãָĦźɰϵĻơ
˶Զ⣬ȥüҶͨ؋Oڳϵš
ʱ؋OӸڿ첽ųһۣԹӡ
ҿ˼ۣ첽ǰĹ
㡣؋OԥеĶݽȥѹǵҪǰҪ͸»ûܼһۣҽ㡭Ҳɡ
ؽָ֣һֽӹ
ָĦɰ֣ЦЦ̧ͷ؋Oлһϲ
؋O΢䣬ſڳϣӻԹǻ֮ˣҪԥˣô׷Ī
ŷӦ߷ϣ𣿡
š؋OЦ⵭Щˣټ
ǰʱʧȥʱģ죬ȴֲ֪ôӺ˵̾Ϣһÿλõû˵ʲô
鴦ã؋Oֳͷ׼ظ
û߼Ȼ˻
ع
؋Oͣ̽ͷȥ·һӡ
Цºͣ؋OգգֻİĽ                        
лҪ˵岻ʣѾ׼ҽԺϣټ£쿴Ჹϡǰǡ߶һ䣬ȣҪע壬Ҫ̰ˮ
պ±ӵԡճⱾǰӦûῪӣǡ

44

[ʮ]
ͣ
؋O, ߬ͣ
ڵ·ߣǸİˣɶ࿴ȴַ, üۼ侹ż˿˵Ϥ
ǣ؋O۵ѯʡ
ǰ¹
ǹ׸硣
̫ӵ¡
, ؋OǶǵĵͷ, Ĭ̽һЩ, к𣿡
, վ߾복ŵ؋OƽӣЦЦֻ;żϳ, Ŵк, ͻˡ
ᡣ؋OʲŵЩƲһЦδ빫һǰ
Цɣûֱӻش
ֱӣ؋O޴Σ򴽽ǵôҡ
Ǹͷɫ, ҹɫ, ĹЩظɡ
؋OŵЩʵĪջǵͷǡ
, ˵ߣʻ, תӶţֱʧջء
Žż⣬κ̶ʧЦ
Ƿǰ, ǰٰ㶣̣ѰŮݼ, ôʵ۽ؼŮף̫Ҳǲġ
ʲ؋OĶԻһûܿ˵ǷĹǳ֮㡣
˼ˣ̧벻Զֱֱߡ
ɣԹӡȿڡ
ü̫ԶʧԶӭ
ЦЦԹõѾ˽¡
Ц⽥Щ
ֶһֻŶָŻƣ˳ĬãŵȰȰɣ˼ϣûõġ
ҲǣӦ֪ģôˡ
Ϊ֪Ƿ⣬Ҳ޷ӦĿɬڹһʱ޷ƿĽ֮ˡ
⻰ܾ⣬ǡû˵꣬ͱϣˡ
ôԸţɲ˵Ļ
֣ĵĽ¹·ҫ۵Ĺ⣺؋OĶǸ֮ϲĺ񡣡
ԣ˵Ц˼߷ϡ
¹£Ӳͦı˫ﾡǲزסıˣƣⱲӲˡ
һʱԡ
-
؋O뿪󣬸ʱþԭδж
û뵽ǳķȥ؋Oղŵÿһ仰ÿһһǧϴ̡
ڴ˴򳺿첽üʡ
ʱ̧ͷ۵ɺ죺򳺣ǲǴ˺޻ˡ
˵ʲôüͷšɽᣬվǰǰ˵ĻɻδΣΣܹǷǷǱȥֲ
ʱ͵ʹ˿۵ǣл㡣
ǰ˵ĻˡѧĶڶǽϣʱ̧ͷҰ㡣
֮ǰΪ؋Oһ£ʱ򳺾һ
ߵýˣʱŷʵһ벢ͬ򳺸Ȩ˭ϣҲ֮λǷ񽻵С
ģֻһؽ顣
Ժ߷ͼʧѹûȥ؋OǶԭͲ֮
̫Ů޷Լɾ㶼Щ
ʱͷأ
ûҪĻ΢٣³֮󣬻㱣ȫ
ʱӦԹǱжˣ쿡ǰҹ뿪ǣᾰеѾаŸȥ
ἰ˴ü΢ʱƺ֪˵ʲôǱġ
ָʱ֣
ٵȵȡʱĵԶҶһʱա
⻰˵мĸо
䲻ǵļƻʲôŶЩģʵ㲻ˣкܶҲ֪
ˡʱǣǣЦɬҵĴ
𴽽ǣƬ̵̼飬؋OǱ㻹ǶЩĺá
£æġʱ֯һЦÿ˶ΪԼĹȥۡ
-
؋O⼸ղôԾ
Ǳ֣һ񾭴öˡ
䣬ùñ㼱Ҵҵĸ¸
ݲûѾźţ뿪؋Oббϳţͷĺϻãζ˳ŷֱӴһů⡣
ߵ̧؋Oķôˣ
磿
؋OƫԴ۾ЦЦ⻰Ǻ⣬ûѽ
Ķǣƭˡ
Լűߵϣʣ磬谲ٵˣ
ǰӻǵĵԼݱ̳ΪѱУ˴ڸдһСӺø׼˽ϸڽðլӣֻϣܰȻա
Ҳ֪һӦ顣
ֽ̧ǰķᲦѾˣġ
Ϊ𣿡ԥĳƼ؋OԾµӣȷ
؋Oֱӱסĸ첲°͵õļϵ磬ֻҪһ뵽֮ǰЩ飬Ҿͺѹ
ɻϲţõĴƸļ
ã؋OûлӦ⣬Ҳϲˡ
̾Ϣ±˭˵׼
؋Oһ֪еˣ¼İĽɸʱȴһѵʱġ
ʵҲ㲻á؋OҧŴСҲܶҾûϲ飬ЩйҪߵͷǰֵһᡣ
˳˳ͷˣͬ˵顣
ʲô؋O۾̧ͷ
۾ʹȥֱǰױȥߣʹã˵ǱãҹĸŴȥʱĸ״һǰȥɢɢġ
؋Oû뵽飬գգ۾δϹذɡ
£Ѿ£ҲÿСöЦЦҲȥɷɣմڸϣƻˡ
؋Oֵֹܾģ򴽽ʶʣĪǳʲô飬Ըײ֧
ᣬնʲôءʧЦֻĴߡ
؋OҪЩʲôȴ߽
ʲô£
鸣˸ӣʺ﹬ˡ
𸵻ʺ؋OǵЦ⵭Щк£
؋OеĲͣŻ˵ǻʺһˡ
؋OûзӦСū澻˵Ҳڡ
˭˵؋Oĺͣüͷš
ͷĻߵ̡
ǲȥӲʲȥǡÿ؋OϽȰο
؋OȷৡһվΪβȥֲʲô˵¡
˵գתֱͭǰ
̲Ŀʼױ                        
лҪ˵ҽö
ᣬĻЩͲˣҲⱾĵĻ˵˵ɣӿġ
-
ǸӦûƳһЩϲղ°ɣᾡ쿪ĵġ
ⱾῪճٷŸİԤգ±úٵġ
д󽫾ɫ㳤
λսսȨ졣
ҹΣ￴ʱ氮Ľһսʱ汻Ю֣ΪԾ
ξѣȢΪޡ
ʱüܾĽ֮ˡ
Ƥһӻһʱͷۣ˵ˣҶס
Ѷ糾빬δȻʵۿڣ˫ֽͷϡ
ʵĬĬʥּջء
谭ˣϲʤɿǰŰܺʱ档
񣺣
˵õ˼أģʧˡ
--
ԴӺϺʱһһꡣ
ǸܾԼƺϣǰա
һЩСױƵĴȥ
Ѿûд֮ʱ棺ʵ㡭ҶԼϲʲô
ס죺׵ġ
ʱҭ
Ǻðɣֻó¶¡

45

[ʮ]
ʺŵڳ, һʱ֪˵Щʲô
ǰִ؋OѾʧ˼䣬ǲǰЩ飬øʱ؋O˴һٽ, ˳øʱı̬ȡ
Ȼ˭֪؋OЩ鶼, , 븵ʱ֮ջЩԾ
ʺС, һȲôȡ
؋Oһյ, ƼƺûҪڵ˼Цŵ﻽ŮֻܲǺȲɣ
ȻǡʺǿһЦ, ĿɨɫĮĸʱ, ǰ֪ؼ֮£Ѱʱ˵˵Ӳˡ
ڸʺӻ؋Oʵﲢô̹
ǰ֮Щûа취øʺǸ, , һ֮ĸʼղġ
؋O̧, ЦЦĿŸʺ󣺡ŮԭΪʺлҪ˵
؋OʱȻ, Ҵȥ߰ɡ
Ÿʱάʺ؋Oĥܾ, վǲڸʺһǡ
ϵĲյƮ𵭵İʺĽĿα, ̫Ѩ
ְˡʺڡ
վż򣬰ôᣬүŶ˵ˣкתġ
ʺ䴽ЦЩɬǰﱾ˵؋Oڴǰʧ
򴽽ǣ̾Ϣ
̫ˣԸҪ
ʺָ̧Լؿڣ𷽲Ÿʱģһʱ侹Щ
һΪ˸ϡ
ˣ˺˸ʱûҲʧġ
ʺ˱ۡ
ˡ
-
԰ڡ
ʱһ؋O۰׵Ĳɫδ䡣
OԥʱԾɻǿ˿ڡ
؋OŲ΢٣ƫԴ¶ôˣ
ʱ⧲ĳĲѹʲ˵Ļϲ磬ȥ𣿡
؋OӷЩ΢䣺ΪβȥѲүҶЩʲô
ЩʲôʱĻ˵㡣
⻰֪
؋OЦ˵ЩʲôҲΪү
ǡʱĮ̲סЩɬ˵öԡ
ʱĵ؋OջѣֱӶ½Ųͷ˭ҳǰʹ㣬㵱ңҶȻһԵľ뿪ʲôû˵һء
ɵãʧ˼ȴܹҲװʲôߣ̸顣ѲɡѲҪһζ㸶飬һݺֱ𣿡
؋Oʣ˵˵ۿͨ죺ûи㣬ΪΣ֮УҪǺҽǶ㣬ȴ˿ûжһصߣֺڼȥǰڡ
ɵҴ
ԭΪ㵱Ҫңڲŷ֣ûҵĻҲܷˮ𡣡
؋OĨһָȫˮ
ģʱĽʹǰһͼס֣ȴ؋Oһ㿪ҡ
ʱɤۣҧסңҵйҪȥߵ˼ֻһ˲䡣̳֮ʲôûУ׹գұ̫ڹ̳壬˲ңֱᾰи֪ңҲ֪㱻°һ¡
˵ˡ؋Oֵ̧סૣѾûˡ
˵⻰Ҳ⸵ʱķӦֱתߡ
ȥıӰʱĿڷţŲǰһѽקֿ؋Oĺ׽ϡ
؋Oʱƣ㵽ҪôһΡ
֣ſҡ؋O·ͼ뿪ʱѲȻƫͷݺһҧϸʱ
ʱʹȴԾɲ֡
؋Oݼȫζɿ۾ʱ㲻ҾͷŹҺòãҲŹ㣬ǴӽԺİˡ
ʲôİˣ؋OҲİˡʱɺһ˫ۣͷȥͦı؋OĲУʣİˡ
؋OһͻȻ͵ƿ˸ʱ
˾ܽɸʱȴǰ
؋OĿһۣתߣ̵üͷ첽׷ȥ
ʱĿƣָġ
؋OָΡ
؋OҲãԸԼ˵Լ档
ʱʹԴ
ûʱѿģǰүȻ˰ɡ

ʱᣬڸԼ                        
лҪ˵ⱾؿģѾͷͺķˣܶԲǡ
۷л
±ԤաճⱾῪղأл

46

[ʮ]
̳, Ͼã硣
؋Oͭǰϸϸüű˵ⳡôʢ, ɫ, ûжı顣
ū˵, ǰȥӵ, ûֱȥ, ȥ˺
ԣ؋OָһüЩ, һ, ɫá
ˣʡ
؋O򴽽ǣһۺüë㷽˵ǻ𣿡
ģΪ飬̫ҹﻹ̫ҽȥءȷ
Թ, ޶ֱ빫
óȴί, ȥ񾴲裬؋OҲû뵽ϾһС
ʰ޺ú, ؋Oطش̳ȥ
ϲδʼǰۼ, ؼͣ˵߾Ͷȥ
ش³؋Oַűĸ첲С
һˮɴٻȹ, ĵϸȳͷ˼°׽ƽ࣬¶ذ۵Ĳ؋Oϲ, ղ߷ϴ֧黨ҡĽ˿ҡҷڲϣһȻ
һжɿ۾ֱˡ
ط˼״ͷۣ؋Oӽ÷ĵطһ١
ǰʣ㴩ģȥĪҪ˼ҳķͷ
؋OʱǳǳһЦüĻӦǳƾ˭ͷȥǵˣҲֻܹԼˡ
˼ˣط˳ǣǡ
Ϻط˱˺ӭ˽ȥ
뿪ſʱ؋OĬĻͷۡ
˱طΪ؋O˱ˮɺЩˣ
؋O⼸տҪˮʱɫÿδϿ֬ɫףЩز֮ˡ
Щˡ؋Oƫӿط˼ͷϣϸϸţʵǰ˵үλ֪ɶˣ
飬ط˰۶͵Ҫ˵Ƕʲô¶ΪֺңҲڻ˶ӵҸ˭˲֪үϵλСͶϣҿСòã˵ƶЩҲ˼ҡ
ǿɲá؋OаӦ
ط˿ڵ˵ǰүȥСӣֻҪϸɾ
үҲԸ؋Oգۡ
ط˺ЦƫͷıǼôԸɲֹһӣλأв̤һ·ӵλöһڲͷϡ
ΪȨƺİ֮ˣɲġ
؋OĬŲٿ˵뵽˸ʱ
ǰգʱ븵ʺ֮Ҳ֪ĸĸ˳ûἰֻ˵˸ʱ˸ʺΪ潫ǹ﷢ˣʱ֪븵ʺ
˵ʵЩ=~ѩ~~~~=
֪ΪΣ؋Oչŵġ
ʱó£˵Ϊ؋O롣
񣬲Զ컽؋O˼
ǹǼ飬ֱӶط˵ȥǰͷ֣𣿡
ط˽ˮݸˮȥ
ԽԽ؋Oͷ£űȥǰ
ϲصǰһСʯ·؋Oÿÿ֮ǰ˴һ㣬СۣʹϾּ䲻
ͷң؋Oȵס̫첽ߡ
ĲӵҲ첻Ķȥȵǰʱǰ鷢Ѿվϸ
ߵŸ؋O
؋Oȷ磬ȡ
Ⱥվһ؋Oӷ϶Ƽ˸ӰƫͷϸȥûӰ
飬ҹȥơ؋OսĶ࣬˵㿴Ǳ߲ͷǲǳϵǸСӡ
˵؋Oʶñȴʶá
յ֪˵Ĵʱ؋OǱ㿪ԸǼҶǰ˺üˡ
Ⱥ߹ȥһ۾Ϳˣͷ؋Oټ۾
؋OЦһ֪˱ضʲôʡ͵ĵơ
ǰձŲ֣һˣǲ֪Լˡ
؋Oҡƫͷײ˸ʱۡ
ɫ
ͼۣȴʱ߹
Ӳʱθߴվ؋Oǰ㽫˸ʵѹǰˡ
؋Oܣ
ͷϵĺʱ̾Ϣ
؋OۻӣܿȺͷȥ؋OŲģεСԽܡ³˵ߣ؋OֻĬĽԼ
ãʱҵһ᷿СĵĽ؋Oȥ
վſڵŹ⣬ƫͷ؋OĲ俴؋OָСɫ΢䡣
ż߹ȥ؋Oǰһͷʣˮˣ
؋OԣµҲûϡ
ʱۻſڣųȥ伸䣬ֽ
߳㣬؋O븵ʱ
԰ֱѾûмˡ
؋OʼյʹۣʱʣҪҪȵˮ
á
仰һ֮ۿɼĽʱĲһܵĽСŲˮ
؋Oʱ˲١
򦻡Ӳʣ֪ǹ⻹Ĳˣʱɫǲá
𣿡؋Oûסѯʡ
ʱһڲˮδ£ôǺ˼ȭ´ţЩ纮¡
Ŀ؋Oʶƿۣ˾ͳҩܸ˭
ҩ̫ࡣʱֹ˿ɤӸƣӦΪûѩ
؋OȣӣûгүԣȻ˸
ʱ̧ͷԵġ
Ǿûˡ؋OӲıԺҲûˡ
ʱֻǿһ؋O𼱻ǵΪѩֶܲˣȴԸһ
ˡ
O޸Ұɡ
⻰ʵͻأĽ؋Oৡһ»عͷ˵ʲô
˺ܾáʱߵǰ£ĻʮΨһҪӭȢĹ
؋OͻȻԱÿǺ˾͸Ͻȥһ£ߡ
û˵꣬ʱס֣۽ͨ죬ͷǵ؋Oֱϣһɬٸһλ𣿡
֪ҹȥܻˣ㣬ҡ
˵Щ㶨ǲŵģûϵһš
ſڴʱָЩȥš
̧źḷ̌ͷŴһģʱתͷš
ʱ˽ļ́ۿĿ̣Щ߰ɡ
û
Ըʱͷɫ˿Ҳ֪Щʲô૵ţǱ㵱Ӳʣ
؋O£ӹϸϸţβźһڡ
㲻鲻ԸʱҲûǿ𻨸СǰǲúúȣҴͽȥ֪ĸס
؋O˼Щģʶʣʲô
˵ңҴˡ
˻һ΢ģͻȻֱǿӲ؋OͷŭȴҲͷСں
ͷֻʲôҩģ¶ǣʹЩ
ٴα죬ʱüʲô£
؋O̧ۣǰˡ                        
лҪ˵ÿһ߶̫ĹˣȻⱾɼãһᾡúġ
Ҳ˳±٣պ͡ճղأղضһЩĻŰξͻ῿ǰһЩ
Էллλ~

47

[ʮ]
؋Oڸʱִǰʱ, ӵĺͷϣ̳۾š
ȺӣŮȰοš
, ǧ벻
۽, üᶶ, δó, ֳһ¶, պɻˡ
Ů̧ɨѿɫԥ˶Ȼվߵģȥ˱ǡ
δ򷢣̳۾޵ͨ, Ȼǵί, ʵС˶Ѿ˺ӣãã
ΪĻжãԭҲֻ˱ݡ
̳Խ˵Խף؋OվֱߵĲԶ˵ڵĻ؋Oһʱ, ؋Oʶ̧ȥ, Ȼ´, ָӡ
˵ģ
ϴ˵ĵ؋Oȥ
, ŵô£
ô£ǶСүˣͶϵĺ, û뵽볤סû취ֻܸŶˣүȥ׵ſڣ֪ƼС, Ҳû˵ó͹ȥСӱ¡
Ǻ¶
ʲô£ǰŮһĻƵģȻСӲҰ˵ˡ
¼ޣڳӺ檡
Сֲɵ檣ǰйϸġ
̳ҪôԼ˼ӷˣҪôֱִ˻顣
ǰģ؋Oֻ²ǻưͿӡ
ɨһĻ؋Oǡ
Ķʱƫͷȥ؋Oôˣ
Ƽ𣿡؋Oᣬڣеʱ㿴˽ۣʵֻûҪǵίġҵģһø
أôίҲֻԼš
؋O̧ͷһһӹԶˣŷֽ򳺲δ
ЦЦ؋Oͽдۡ
ʱüۼĳŪ˼Ƭ̣𣿡
Ȼˡ؋OǵĺǳֲʥˣҶĿԾò
˵˽ﲢ󣬿ɲ֪̳ô˹
؋O۵ڸǵЦ⣬ͷŭӣᡱһվع
Ůһʱδж
ĶСүվһɫ죬üͷʵǺ⣿
ɱŮ˵һ仰˼ϽǰӵĴ֮գóȻȥ϶Ȼŭ
̳ݺһ؋OͷŮŻԭͲǱԸүڻǰӣĸбô
˼һʱҲò⣬ֻӲͷƤʣҪΣ
Σ̳һʱӿָҲ˲˵ˣǰһָǶСӵûС˾ʹ˶ӣô̵ӵ𣿡
̳ϾǣƽҲֻһʱ֮а塣
ɰǰ֪ΪΣ̫ڹоǱһ㣬Ĺ˼ҲѱΧⶼѲܡʱգȻ仯̳ƺûܿơ
ᾰеĴ޸ʷ̨˼ҵĵӣڹǿ̳İºò׼ԱǵЦһͨ
Ƽ˲仯ɫЦڹгôԼҹ˵ʵûò
⻰һ˽õļλҲ׷׸͡
ɲǣջֻĸ˷û
ǽҵ˶ˡ
СӼȻѾУôţѲǸܲúӵˡ
̳ɫ仯죬߬ȭͷ˵ˡ
ҧгݣɴû˵⺢ӡ
˸ϽӦǼˣԸ⣬⺢¾ͼҲǲԵġ
£и̳ͷԽ˵ļȥүǶСӣºӣǾͱȥĸӡ
Ҫ؋Oʵ㵣ϽȥӣȻСԾסӵĸ첲˫շ׻
ʱЩʧأүҲû뵽̳˵Ҫ
סСӵָӦⲻɣﻳҵĺұҪΪΡ
аӼȻԸҲա̳û˷ŵǹί΢΢̧°ͣĿ档
СӼΪίȫɿǰ˼£дŹҰɣ⺢ͻȻû뵽¸ĸһ·ɡ
򵥼仰Ѿ˵档
̳üšʱΪŮӦǸ˵ģȻĻҲȥʱͱԼǷ޵ʱⷬȷΪʸ֮ġ
؋Oᷳת뿪ǰ
ȥʱҲ̧׷ȥ
؋Oʱڳ»؋Oͷ
ʱԵЩͷ˶ӣЦʣǺʱ̣
؋Oü㡭
Ҷһʱհɡʱû˵ȴ룺ʱպǳսѵˮ֮˷ǰȥµ֮á
؋Oŷһתߵǰ̧ͷŸʱݿʣ؋OҲ֪Ǻζ
Ҫ𣿡
ʱ°ڱߵҪ̧Դɵûңֻ𣬻ǡ
϶˵؋OƶǶĵͷ
-
ۼ꽥ȴǲ䡣
ǰؽؽһ֣ǵ𶼲⣬˼ѱû˼ȢؼŮҲҪŻǲ䡣
ЩؽشΪĻѣĶۣѰ˸մ؋OϽȥ
ûŻǺһȦ
؋O֣˼Ǳ߶ǲˣǴĸô˵
˼Ǳĸױûзϡ˸ʯӶˮɫģ˼ҵģҵϡ
ȫӵģᾰƽӡմӡ
ƫ؋Oƽûɥ꣬λҵշֶκ壬Ȼãɼ޽ŻҲֻίķݡ
⣬ֻᾰˡ
ȻƫƫڣؽƲᾰɡ
˵ԡǽ޸ɺӡ
Щ؋Oգգ۾ɫмãҪᾰУ
˭֪ءӿľ˵Ʋϣĸ׺ϲ
˳Ĭã؋OҲֻ뵽ʲô̾˿ʣǽô룿
̧ͷ۾˲ĸ֮ý֮ԣĸ׵Ĵ㣬ʵᾰҲ
؋O鶯ǿ
ôѽ˵ġ˦˦ӣúÿˣҲܲ˰
˻һУͻȻŲ
؋OʶͷײϹۡ
ϽƿߺԱߵᾰе޸ңҲŵ㡣
Ҵֻһˡ                        
лҪ˵л֧档
ճһհɣҪ400bushi
±ԤգҾͿ쿪Ŷ

48

[ʮ]
ϸһ紵, ۾
û뵽ڴ˴ᾰУתһ̫ӹҲڳ
ĪЦ, ̶Ŀᾰеṫ⻰ҿɳܲ𡣡
ﲻض, ܶ鶼ƾһ֮ıġᾰеЦ
Ȼ֪
ۿᾰƺִ, ؋Oʱͷۡ
Ҳ֪Ϊ, ᾰеÿμ, ûҲضģ؋OУƺֻ鵥ᡣ
Ʃ, ᾰвֻǺ̸, ȴĵˡ
؋O´ĿЩڵǰ֣㣬㷽Ŷҿɲô˵ġ
ʲô˵˵ˡȻΪȻ
ᾰ̧ۿ, еɫ棺, Ҳδͬ㽲Ц
ᾰеߣ΢΢, һʱ֮Ҳ֪˵Щʲô
-
ʹѶ¸չ, ؼҲѾʰװ
؋Oͤι㣬ᾰǰյЩĪ̳, ʱӸվǰʱģ
˶Ϊ̳ĻʹգȻҽãɵҲûгִĵ̳˵Щ, ͷá
ȻգĹǰ
̳·ϣһ£λСӣ檽ŸԺӡ
ʹֱ̳ӱûܻȥ
Ů̫ȴ涼ûܼš
̳ȥѰˣȻ˭ֱ֪ӽźϣ˽ԱŲ
ʱΪŮǵĲ跹Цʡ
؋OʳȻ̳һ¾ǳ֣ϵĸڿӣ͵Ը
˵Ҳøлʱ
؋Oָ⡣
¸؋Oʰѵı첽ӭЦŵū˵ҹˮͷлʢ磬Ҫȥƣ
ԣ؋OͷֲʮϦĻлڣ
ŽӹʳִӸϸɾָļҹӸǧһЦɡ
طҲûֹֻ˼ϼҶһǰȥ˵˾עⰲȫ
ɽϾ¥˼ֲɫ؋OֱȥҶǰȥżˣҸߺõλſ
鵹ûôȫƼ؋Oֱֱ¥ߣһֱС˶¥ŻȻ
չȥƨǹܵ
؋OʧЦ̧ǵ˵㡣
ֵʱ򣬾¥ӣ;Сߣ؋Oֻܴűǰ
Ȼû߼ӭһƼݾɵ؋OĿбӵĳǰߣ˼؋OʱװŤ˽؋Oϡ
·ϣ؋OʶűԱÿ
˲ĲȣûпɿĶһ¾؋Oűߡ
ϣȥʱȻǰȥ؋OСȹϡ
£
؋OüͷȥȻĺŸڷżϣѡ
λС·Ʋ·ײ˫ȷ飬վ˵ǰŲۿŻҪ؋Oȹڣ˲䣺øҸ𡣡
ƼһĻ˶פĿһǰļҶδ
؋Oǿͷšü̧ţֱһ棺
һͻȻӺˤ˹ȥû뵽СӾǸݽɫ˶ţҲһʱվ
ת£δ؋Oű˴򿪣˱һ˫ǿĴԱȥ
؋Oֻţɴ۾Ťͷ˿ȥֻһɫֱ׺ĸʱɫȻһŷţݺš
ͻȻѹסֻԴơ
Ǻˣ
ʱ΢΢һѾŲ˵طĲݺڵĦ
Ķ˲֮ľ룬۵İ۾ʱĿϵǰػζ
ա
˺һʱð亹δֻʱ㵹ͷһʱ˭ˡ
үСĴˣС֪ձѹ˵ۻҵĶŸʱģСһŹСİɡ
؋OһԿΪԼͷ˼΢ŲǰŲ£ʱЦ˲ǱĹ
ɫһ㶣֪塣
ΧԽԽҲ˲棬ʱĽű؋Oġ
؋OƲˣҲΪˣɨʹüƫϽ
ȺɢȥҲɫĿ첽Ƕµķ䡣
ֻʣ¸ʱ؋Oˣһʱͣ͡
ʱɫδ䣬ʣҲҹ̻𣿡
ǡ؋Oͷ˼ҰԼô˵Ҳû취؋O£һ޽ǱߵķŶлү
ʱ᣺ͷлҿɲҪ
ҪΣ؋OͲסô˵˲üͷ
ƼãʱΪΣʧЦOΪ˼һ棬⻨ںӿɵǲѰ                        
лҪ˵е٣첹ϡ
ǣ

49

[ʮ]
ô˵, ؋Oһ㶣ȻЩš
ҹⳡ㰲ŵģ
ʱ𾪵˫, һʱʧЦѵ𣿡
⻰һ, ؋OʲڸϱǷԴ, ɫ, Щڡ
뵽ʲôˣʱƽ, ؋O΢һƬЦжˣ
؋O̧ɨү㵹Ҳˡ
ʱЦ, ûסԴ, ˵ʲôء
ٸǻ؋OתҪǸߣʱΣһ
؋OŲһ٣±˷ָϽ˦, üүء
⽿εһ, иʱüۺЦ
ͷĵЦ؋Oͷ, ɶϸʱЦӡ
ģƱԼ⻹һϲõ顣
֡
؋Oͷ׼뿪, ʱǳöţ
һ˲ܳԣ؋OͷǺ
ʱɫ΢üͷšŰ춼û˵
⸱ģȷɷǹ, ؋OҲ֪Լ˵ˣ̳飬Ҫлġ
򴽽ۻȥ, ̧ƿʱǰǸš
ʱ۵һ˿Ц⣬׷˽ȥ
ľϵĲɫȫ؋Oϲģº󶨶˼ۣͷҲ֪Ǻζ
´̧ۿ׼𣿡
ţϲ𡣡ʱִľЩˣ΢ǰ͵Ĳɫ˵峴ζʡ
؋OʹٷԵʳ֪ζ
˾ڶ棬ֲӣ֮һϣƣҲá
ҹ؋OҲϴ档
ѹȴֻȻʱγίǺγ޹ء
һı׵ײ
ʺģɵ˵ǽߣΪǸʱ򸵻ʺˣʱһżٻң۸ʱǷɶ˵Ϊ֮
ᾰеǷĻѡ
³뵱ʱٿʱӦǰԴ֮ʣʱѹ⡣
Ϊ⣬ԲǵΪı
؋Oס
ҪЩ鶼֮죬؋OҲ
ʱҲĴڡ
Ҳۡ
؋Oսľ磬үպɡ
ԣʱȻ̧۶üĻζֹסκڣҴûź硣
ǡ؋OǼһᣬ΢΢ʣظҲѹģҲѹ
еԹǸʱͷһָվû취ٻӦʲô
봰仹Щ룬뿪Ĵ϶䴵Ʒ磬؋Oְ̧ѹס޽ϸķ
ʱ߽棬ֱ⻨ȼ𣬷׷״ϰը̻؋OȻԱߣӳȥ
һƬӼ䣬ʱ󣬴؋O۰׵Ĳ
˼΢ִ؋O˫⻷ȥ°͵ķϣ؋OһŵЩУʶһȴײʱĻ
؋Oء
˿˼ĸܣ˫ԽԽO¿ʼɡ
㡪؋OܾĻֿں˵
ʱƺǲ˼ͷЩչȥƣˡ
˽ӵӰӰ´µ̻âĵذϣ΢Ρ
؋OʱһĻõĻܣϽ̧ס䡣
؋Ọ̧űݺݵزϸʱĽűûʹϢǵͽ𣿣
˵գ؋O첽뿪䡣
ʱһƣ̬ǽϿ˿؋OıӰƬ̺Ц
-
ؼŮװȥǰϦ؋OǰȥԺѰطˡ
ÿع·˭ϽոߵԺĴ£؋OĶԻ
؋OֻǽŲ΢٣ΪȻ
̧׼ȥʱȻԪԼ
؋O¿Щ͵

Ԫ߶üĽšЩȥΪãOǱ㻹һ
һҲŸոžۣʲô飬ҸǺáط˵˵źȻҭ
Ԫ̾Ϣߵǰסط˵ļµģһжڻİ֮С
԰òɣΪηǵñط̲סԹ
㲻סԪ͵̾Ϣ
ûȫ֪طˣֻΪģŲ˵Щǳ׶
ƩĻУѹʲôԹĶţǰͼ߷ؽɽһϷ
ΪԹ̫ʹһˣ
ΪҺȥԹŮѳһgһֱ̫󻥻żĸʲôŮǰ
؋OʧԹѲ˵ĸϵ
ǰһǰش󽫾ʱԪΡոս飬Թʹã؋Oճûá
ΪЩȥӱԹʹฮһѻ
ҹƼ󣬳Ԫڹи磬϶ŻƣʹԺұ؋O
ȥ¥裬һԴ˲ð
ԹԴ˴˵սֱ˵ǻʵҪһ򾡡
˳ŻԹ̫
ڹ˼ҡ
쿱Ͳǹ˼ҵĺӣʵǰүˣԹʵ۾ȹһ쿱ԹʵֽүڴԵס
ֻǺܿϧ븵ʱСһ𳤴ͬ㣬Ǻݲ쿶ûվԹȥ
̫ҲΪŰΪǷңʵ򲻹ǰǰҵˡ
ⳡսɻʵıʹȥʱᾰбʱǰֱӳ؋Oű߷ͼȻ˴Թ
ΪԪ֪һУŻʵۡ
؋OӲΪɣط˴ǰȥɢġ
ǷһⳡսΣԪҪס
£ʤˣǰȥӭŮظˣ̫ӶȻչǡ
벻ԶʵδʣټӸʱҲһ˵飬ֱӿӦ¡
˼ˣԪЦ΢ɬǴȥҪǡ
㡪ط˱ӷᣬͷᶨĿ⣬ҧվǵ˵ͷ
؋OҲûʲôվ˫ȷ顣
˶؋OͻȻոʱһ仰
Ҷһʱհɡ
؋O仯ôоһָζ
뾩գ؋OΪ»ټǺܾ֮ˡ
Ȼû뵽ճţʱ׷
ط˶֪Щ֮飬Ҳûȫ֪
Ÿʱطʶƫͷ؋OʵҪڴͣƬ̸𣿡
؋O򴽣á
䣬ʱǡ
ظ𡣡
ط˭֪ʱ˵һ仰׼׷ʣֵһǰȥ
ȥʲô؋Oûס
ط˸ϽסֱȣٹүҪʱˣôʱǰȥ
ʱЦЦĿ؋O档
ʱ伷һеģңһٷЩ
؋O֪ڸԼͣƲƲȥ
һǰͷʻʱôؼԱߣ;кö؋OҪȰȥ
ÿÿϸʱۣ؋OôҲ˵
ֱ֮ٽ߾֮ء
؋OֹʱôҶ𣿡
؋O졣                        
лҪ˵ٽβ
۵Ų֣ٴӵл·𣨴
-
ҿٱ΢һҵĹԤ
ճϿ
λսսȨ졣
ҹΣ￴ʱ氮Ľһսʱ汻Ю֣ΪԾ
ξѣȢΪޡ
ʱüܾĽ֮ˡ
Ƥһӻһʱͷۣ˵ˣҶס
Ѷ糾빬δȻʵۿڣ˫ֽͷϡ
ʵĬĬʥּջء
谭ˣϲʤɿǰŰܺʱ档
񣺣
˵õ˼أģʧˡ
--
ԴӺϺʱһһꡣ
ǸܾԼƺϣǰա
һЩСױƵĴȥ
Ѿûд֮ʱ棺ʵ㡭ҶԼϲʲô
ס죺׵ġ
ʱҭ
Ǻðɣֻó¶¡

50

[ʮ]
·;ңԶ, ִҲʮա
ط˱Ϊ˴鷳ǣ˿鷳Ǵ؋OҾס
ڵಢ޲, ؋Oطȥ˹
빬ǰ
ù, ؋Oɢʳ
տĳ, ؋OŹֶ˶, ʵ
, ֪ü䣬˿ĿڣҸʵҰ˻£ⲻϲܶ, ҷһʱҲû취, ֻƿݻˡ
㻹ϲ𣿡
ƫͷЦЦﻹһ˿ζҴӼһۿʼΪһ޸ϾҿһҪʵס֪, ĽŮ, ȻǸѾԾɲǿռߡ
؋Oֱ, һʱҲ֪˵Щʲôû񾹻˵һ
ؽ, ؋OҲһܡ
򴽽ǣ؋OʣǴ𣿡
O֮䲻е, ҲСЦĻͫģߺ, ǷɣҲǡ
˵ˣ؋O˿
Ż԰һ·˵ķ羰˵չȥԭ
߳·ڣ؋Oɨĸʱ
գգ۾Ų΢٣؋Oǵռ䣬ˡ
؋Oʶץʲôȥ
ʶѽЦĽ⣬ǲҸ磬ҵɩҲ
؋OⷬĶ죬˵˵ʲôأҸ硭ۿŸʱԽԽ؋Oһǿ򶨽ӻҸǲܡ
ԣʱָ΢
ɫ䷺ϸ΢Ц⡣
״첽뿪˴
ʱֱĵߵ؋OǰĽë棿
˵ʲô؋OŴǡ
ۿװʱַͷķɫ£ӳĵĸʱü͡
؋OĬƬ̣һʱȥ
ⶼҪˡʱЦָ𼸸鷢ָϡ
؋Oס۵ĳ嶯ҧү㲻Ҫˣ
ʱҪˡ
㣬ʲô
؋OӿЩɫĲӿԱߣܿʱ̧Ŀڣ³ٽӻ
ʱҲ˵̫
ӦٶһգձҪȥˡ
؋Oƫͷȥ
ʱЦ۽޵ʹ۵״ǳǳӰ
Цʲô؋O߳ŭšüͷܻʡ
ţʱɫЩ̵ǵ˵Ļ
؋OšӸˡ
Ҫϱˡʱָ̧һšܡ
ǵңˡ
ʱıԽԽ؋Oͷۣס죺ٶ˵һҾҰ࿴¡
ţɡʱȵϢ؋Oģܵ؋Oһ¸Ͻջ֡
Ӳ֮ãǶ͸ûˡ؋OЦćNɪ
ʱƣ΢΢һЦҴǾӣΪҲԲֶΡ
؋Oһͣתߡ
ʱıӰԶȥǵЦݽ
һûжκκйִΨ؋O
-
ط˱ŵŮų؋Oڹĵﻻѡ
Ϊ؋Oһˮ£ŵһ˫ƤѥͷŮɱ˸٣мӢˬ
؋Oת˼ȦЦŴȤʵ㣬Ƽֻ۾Ʋɡ
Цҡ؋Oͭת˸ȦǿǾɡ
С·̣ʱǰ؋Oš
С˵ĻֻOO@@ģ֪˵ʲô
ʱۿ˿ܣڣ羰ǲ
үҪգ˵꣬ȴʲôһЦǹ¼ǲˣүʱ龩
ʱͷա
ճпֻæЩͲү
ްʱָ˽ƫͷ؋OطˣͰи̫ӵˡ
ߣ⽻㴦ǹ̽븵ʱļ
ʱƿۡ
ЦЦЦүĹء
֮ĶԹԹ̫ӵ²֪顣ʱ΢΢̧һЩ򦣬ǽ˴ǰȥΣأܻŻػǰ̫ӵл
¼ȴؼҶλǰȻչ˺ǡŵ꣬ü䣬Ѳɻү󲻶飿
ʱЦˣΪߣհǰ˺
үصġԥһ󣬿ڵ¶үչǡ
·ĥһڵ˶
Ȼǣţ؋OƼʱֱֱٿ۵׻ûü˵Щʲôͱ˹ȥ
O𣿡
ʵ
؋Oǰĺǰϱ鶪µľ˼ҧŴҡҡͷ
֪񹴴һЦͷʱүɷ̽̋O
؋Oɴ۾ȥקѣʲô
ûǸʱ
վ؋Oǰ̧ëͷӦ£ԣԱ㡣
˵꣬؋O۾ȥ
ŹһǰһıӰ؋OöԱһվ
ʱУһļҽ㡣
؋OһۣŤŤԱȥŲȥҪ̧ȣԱƿ؋Oӻء
˺üζϣʱûסЦ
؋Oſ죬ʱͰݽߵߵ؋O°ֱӵϥ¹
ʲô؋Oü
ʱѿϵãԼĴҷȥ
һߵʶ؋OĿࣺ⡭
Ͻʱ̧ۣ؋OɵĿͷ
؋Oʶ뿪Ǳ߿ۣȻźԶľ߿؋OܲµɫȤЦ⡣
˼Ҷء؋OʵΪ顣
ʱɫ䣺Ͻȣȥ
؋OĬһ˲̧Ųϻ˵ҵģԸġ
ʱһ˿Ц⣬ַһѷ
󣬸ʱϵǣǰȥ
؋OӸµĶĲζ֡
ָĦĬʣ㲻Ҫ𡣡
ⲻٴ㣿ʱûǰߡ
Ұһ룬ܴЩ𡣡؋Oʡ
ʱŲסͷ
؋OɫȻ΢죬Ŀ㡣
ʱʧЦá
һһַһ؋O
޼䣬ʱСĵ˳؋O§ȫǺ
׼𣿡
ʱƫͷߵʣϢ؋OĲһ͡
ȻӦʱޣ
؋O߬Ÿʱǳǳ                        
лҪ˵ʱ:D
л֧֡
-
лǵι
ӪҺ̶+1
44674582 +1

51

[ʮһ]
ʱ؋OĴ˼Ȧ
űЩ, ؋O޽ǵķɢң̧ķ˷״Ʋƫͷȥʱ
, ʱǳôˣ
˴γ, öûؾ؋OС̽
ʱͷת, û, ֱƵʱŵ˳, ӣǲ˳δ
؋O߬Щ, ҧ´Ұ˵, 뾩ǰȥˣ
ţΪĻ¡ʱӦ𣬡˴ᾰй׵Ҳڱش󽫾Ʋϡ
؋OЦǰЩ˵, Ҵ󲮸ֲ۸ڶ, ᾰô󲮸Ҳ, 򳺣ͳؼҵŮ
ҲǡʱǶǵӦ, ûҲǲ֪ģҲûٱؽΪѡ
؋OͻĻͷƳң
ʱĸ, ҲǡЦЦһʵʵ˵ˡ
؋Oüɫ΢΢á
н˫ȺȻ̧˵űʾ, ˭֪ǵõ˵ȿ؋OҲû뵽Լٶ⣬һʱû׼ȥĺײڸʱϣ؋Oƺߡ
һ̣ʱǣסͲذ˼³ǰȥ
ʱͫ΢ţʶס؋Oڻ۽
ϵҲ⡣
ʱûӲ߷ȥ΢΢µĲݵѸٹ
ˤһ˲䣬؋O۽ǰгȫʧֻʣ¸ʱ졣
ϴʱᡰ˻һ
؋OŸʱ½
ʱһ§؋Oһְֻĺ׻ס؋OԴ
ү؋OۼһĻǸ
ؼŮʲô飬ʵڲøཻٲգʱҪⳡս¹ؽɽ𢣬ʱ¡
˼ˣ˱һŵıӰĶ
ʱ·Ųݵϵ໺¶һź޷ݵϣͷ΢ʱֻоԼļһ˺ѵۡ
؋Oָſǻү㻹𣿡
ðΣʱû˵ֻоԼϵֻ§ĸӽЩʱٳ
һǰһϹ󣬹̧ʱס
ƻͷ񶨶Ŀˡ
ʱ˶̧˵ֱ؋Oͷһ£û¡
˵ˣ؋OҲȥֻܸϽ˳ʱĻ´£ˡ
؋OûޣëԾմˮա
״ʱʧЦ˳־ֻ̧˵ĸ첲˭ϳüͷһۣɫ΢䣬ǿŲɫķ؋OƤĨǵᡣ
ʲôʱЦŴȤҳ£ҿɻȢء
؋OʵûɫһĽӲ񲢲ϣԼ֣ڲԶ؋OԲˡ
û°ɣŸϽѯʡ
ʱһָֻ؋Oĸɾϵ̧ժϵĲҶܿ˵ĸ첲Цŵްɫˣȥɡ
ɨʱȷݲ˿
ǻȥɡ
ʱϲɫͷ˽ѪҲֻǱƽʱЩ
؋Oʱɨʱļͷɫ΢΢һ٣ĵζɬ˵Ǹʲôо
˼ƫͷԹɷΪ׼Щ˿ڵĶ
ôˣ𣿡ϵĹ˲ֱӣŵǰ鿴¶ļ
؋Oס֣ЦָָԼĽţǴûЬӣĥ˸Ѫˤʱǲˡ
Ҹ̫ҽɣɱ˲ǡ
ô󡣡؋OʧЦǳһȥԡȻŮϵҩͺá
ͷǴعҾͽ׼øȥ
ǾͶлˡ
ڳЦһ󣬲ʱ
؋OԸĵԡº󣬱ܿ飬Ŷȥ˸ʱסĵ
˿У׼ĺȫ
؋Oߵ⣬Ҫʱһŵƿֱܽȥź؋OŲʧ˿
תߣ޵ŲǼһɵѪζ
؋OвãĶ첽ӭȥ
Ǹƹ磬ĿǸʱ׳ļ؋OͷһĨۣһʱ侹Ǳӣֱֱźͷ΢죬γ
ʱԣͷ؋Oˮۡ
ϽѣεĲš
ˣ㻹ܽҿ𣿡؋O⣬첽ȥ£ƲƲûסôô˳ˣӦ̫ҽ𣿡
㲻סʱ̾ĸ첲ǰͷ؋OĬƬĽ͵֮٣һ±ǱνⲻΪ̫𡣡
؋OܷϸʱǶԵġ
вʣ˰컹ǱԹﲻҡ
ⲻҲѾ֪ˣʱ۽ǺЦ
؋O۾ͨ죬ʣӦøңΪ˾ˣôô㱿ˣӦҪβźá
˴˱˴˰ˡʱƣ𴽽ʱҲĺۣΪȥñ߷ͼʱҲʲôңѵҲΰ
֪ʱѾװ¡
һȼҡҷڸʱüĿ䣬Եޱ͡
ͷɫ棬˰ŵĨЦ؋OٴȻĶ
ԭĸʱҪģ棬֡
޴ڵĹӰΧߡ
؋OҲ̲סԼְѣƬ̺ſסʧʹޡ
˿ӣϻͤ￴Ĩᣬ˷ͷһؼ
ǰǵҭǸӤأԽԽ٣ҲԽͷݺݲţ̿ƣָȫ֮顣
ʱݾҧվסʲôޡ
ˣʱ؋Oͣҭã϶¶һǰۡ
ʶĴŸʱţļҲû⡣
ʱɫ˲Դޣһ𡣡
؋OûĻһ㣬ԾԹԵĳС
޵ĺˣʱһʱ˿ԴҲۣ؋OĨʱļ϶؋OˮͨĴ
Ҳ֪뵽ʲôʱȥ
ǴմᣬʱЩ̣؋OٶסðζûҶ
ʱֱֱţ؋O۾ﻹδӣһӳģùˡ
û˵؋O˫ۣҹɫǶˡ
ָ؋Oķ䣬ʱǣǵأЩ/ԡ
؋OӦֱۣŸʱĻȥ
֮؋OҲվʱʱɿ
˶ͷ֣ʱ۵ҲˮһƬ
؋OڸʱĿڵֱȻһһΡ
˱ۡ
ҹУշת࣬ˮʪͷ
Ҳˣս£гһջ᲻ҲΪ˭ᣬˮҲǹȵġ
ֱ¡
؋O֪Ҳս޲ʤҲԸͷ
һƬʱƲסһһ£؋Oֱȴǵϡ
؋OʱᣬȴĽһ䣺Ұ㡣                        
лҪ˵үĸס
ǸһĿΣˡ
һպԤգרǰ棬һ㿪ܿ۵ɣǣ

52

[ʮ]
ɫŨŨ, ֦ͷҡҷڴӳʵӰӡ
؋Oܣʶֻ, ʱĻɿ, ãĿȭ
Ҹ㴦˿ڡ؋Oһ, ½ǽ˰ϡ
ʱ, ·, ¶һɺļͷӣϲͣš
؋OҲ֪˵, ȴܸоʱƺġ
˼, Դ˿ڡ
˵òأǽմϷʱͷļƣѪ˺ܶ࣬ɾ˿ڲ
, ؋O, ˶㲻ʲôӰɡ
ʱָͣ٣ƫͷȻЦˣӰҵʲô, ֪ܲ𣿡

˼ˣ؋O𴽽ǲ, ֻµĶЩ
ʱֺЦɤЦ⣺؋O㡣
ʲô؋OƵ, ȻҲǲߡ
׷ôܸ𣿡
؋O˿ڷҩϸɴ, üף
ԥľܾɡ
ʱЦԭһĻ˳ת؋Oעû뵽ôͱˡ
Цëʹڰ˸ԳĬ
֪ʱ硣
ʱڵٴұһֱǷıǸ
ˣСûʲôˣøߣҲΪЩν鰮ûԳٶۣΪûܼʱƳ⣬Ҵˡ
ֱԺҶһǰԷʱܿӰƺǰʱұ֪ҴˡٺڣΨÿÿڻ⣬ûЩ㣬ҲûЩԼ⣬Ļ䣬Ҵˡ
֪㶨ȻҵģҲ²Ϊ뿪Ҳ顣ʲôұ֤Ҳٸֻܸ㣬ٺҴˡ
Ĵ̫࣬ԭֻٸһλᣬֲ
؋O
𣿡
-
һҹΣź؋OʱǸʱ뿪ʱ
ʱҹ龩ͽ⣬ӳٵա
؋Oűڴϣɫġ
ɣү׼׵Ҫȥˡһÿһߵ
؋O̧ۿʱ
ڶſ̫ӵ¸ˣ˴һҪºءɨ؋O
븵ʱ֮鱦ٲµЩ䲻֪˹׾£Ƽʱ؋OǰСͣҲ֪ʱǶ؋O顣
ԣ؋OǸϽЬӡ
˶ſڣǲˣֻʣ¸ʱһ˲ںǽ϶
؋OŲסϸϸ
ʱ̧֣ЦųС
ҹʱʳǻ؋OʼûӦټ汾Ϊβѣ˭ƺεֻһˡ
؋OԱ齻䣬첽ӭȥ
ɨʱļͷ؋Oûƿۡ
ǲ؋O˼ʱ򴽻ӦƲҪصġ
˭˵ҵˡ؋Oʸڷϡ
ʱü۾ĿƲסҼɨ
؋O
çԼ¶ϰɡ
ƺҲ֪Լƻ˷Χʱһ˵ҹ˵Ļ㿼ǵΣ
؋Oۣÿǡ
ʱɫһ؋Oٸ䣬ڵĻȴȻת˸䣬򴽵ǡұˡ
؋OĪʲôһû˵ء
ʱԭʱ㲻ǡ
؋OšüɫЩڣĴۣ̽ժݸ㡣
ʱӹָϸϸĦָ֬ϸ壬ͷ֪Щʲôȴѯʣʲô
㶼Уҵ֣͡؋OΪ飬Դָף͸㣬ү쿪ʤչ
ʱ۵Щȣϵġ֣˴ǡ
áʱ̧ķָ»ͣһ
ϣ؋O㿴Ÿʱתȥ
һĻ؋OԶҲİΪ˴ֱǰģ
ջع؋OƼطڹ϶
؋Oⷢ飬ʶƫͷȥֱӵı飬һʱգǺݺһۡ
طɫ࣬λõ
؋O
ˣط˶Ϊ؋OСͷֵǱ˵˵顣
؋OЩӵطˣָʶ½ǡ
OҲǵȲģ£Ҳù˼ŵǡط˻³հعΪˤˣ
؋O̧ƳֱҲˤˣĲҡ
Ϊﲻ֪㱻ڻﱧýģк£طǿţ۵ȴһ˿̲סͣO⣬Ǳ࿴Ǵ˷ֳ⶯û˸˵ʲôأ
㵽Ǹң㡭
؋Oӿȥˣѽͷʹ
ط˴Ķǣû˵ʲô
-
ʱ龩˲գͬᾰһʵ¡
Թ߷ͼ֣ǵþ춯
պ󣬶ڼʱͷȻ衣
Ϊʱ֮ʱڴḧţ۵һƬƽƽ£ȴִŲײİӿ
սʱ֮ʱ˸ľϻӣýȥ
ʱʱȴⲽ룬չ黹ǽŽϼвڡ
չװ
ʱָĿڣսƫԴһͷջߵ
عӰʣһ˽ԶȥӰ𽥻һ㣬ʧ
˴ǰȥΣأʱᾰжлش󽫾һСӾӱ߷ͼܵн
ʼսǴ֮
ʱӪıȴƼǰȥ̽Ϣһҹ³ࡣ
Σʱ̧ۣʡ
۵ڣӦʱǰԹһѾʺӣࡣ
ʱ˼Ȼʲôȥһǰȥ֧ܵԮؽ
ү𾪡
еļƻԭȰźõģøʱǰȥ֧Ԯؽʱһ
ʱ˼̧䶢ȥ
֪˵棬ʱȻɾߣ漴תʡ
Ȼյִܵڣо֪ضбǰܵ͵ϮǱĵоȻĳؽ
˭֣ɽоܵͷѡ
ʱҲܿ˶
֪ԷڣʱǰӪʣһɽͷΧһȦȵоͣű
Ȼ˭֪ʱһʱ⣬Щ˷
ʸɿӲ߳ԶһĻС
·Ѫү
ʱܿһһ֧ȴֱֱϴȥ
ʸףȵͣǰʱһְ̧ۣ£۵ŭ죬ü֮価ǵס߬Žֱ΢΢
ֺֿݣֱԹĿʱѪӲͣһ˲
ʱγⳡսۡ
ȥϵѪĨٽ̫ҽʱˡ
˭֪ʱװ⣬ƣ鰸ǰƤϻմ̵Ѫȴؿ˵塣
ƾԲֵΡ
ǰĿϣŵ룬˭֪վöССԼ
ʱ؋OｻʱɬЦ⣬ͷζأ˱ۣսġ
ⳡսۣиʱʷͷһҪսپͷ
̫ҽĴУʱİа£Թ                        
лҪ˵ָһ㣬10ǰһᡣ

53

[ʮ]
չʮ, Ĺ𻨿ʢ
񼱼ææӴսãˡ
؋Oٿ߬ﻨ֦, ͷҵˣ
Զԡһ, λյĹ, Ҳˡ
ᾰУ
؋Oתǰ˼, ԥأ
ûƼͷ, ؋O۵׹ɢЩûµģȥͶȻ, ʲô鵢ˡ
؋OɢԺеЩ˼, ͷ
ԪӭӣԤϵʱЩδҲ˿ѯʡʱװϻлԽʾл⡣ŴͷʵæµҲûʱ
ؾ;кķʱղ, 󲻹ʮѮ, Ȼฮ
֪Ϣһฮţͣſ, ˸Ͻӭȥ
øһ棬ͺ۾
طԪй, 黹ط˵؋Oص¸
Ժﻹһǿù, Ը˹µģ؋Oȼùߵϣ, ʵĽ
֣߬˵ҿھУڣֻŵöҪҹجΡ
ôˣ˵˵؋Ożʡ
ǰԹһսӦʤˣүҵפЩʱԷˣ˭֪ɱĹԽɽͷ˴ࡣҹǾռˣҺүһϢ쿸սүǱˮһս
ᾰҵҲҪģȻү˭ͷӣᾰΪҵжʸ¶Բѡ
˵˵ţ۾ͺ
סʧʣҵ쵱ûŻ
؋OļһֺȻ˵Ļʵǡ
ҡҪ˵ءʹûҿϸСҹұ˾ǽҲò𵶽ˡ
ʲô
؋OɫҰףȻԹŵϣָǽڷס
㡭ⶨȻͬ˵Цأôôء
Сķĸ첲Ͻ̫ҽҲ˵ˣֻĴ㣬պָúãҲǡ
ӹҽ؋Oǿ򶨣ֱ򴽣Ҳš
˵⻰ô紦؋Oɫ΢΢Щ
㡭؋OЩûȥá
΢΢̾˿ǰסļͷҪȥ𣿡
в࣬؋OͷҲҡ
ҧ´ﵴһˮſˣ鲻ĿͷãOȥһɡ
̾Ϣߵ؋Oǰӵָĺףȥţ
ط˷Ҳ֪飬ҲĬ؋OջظܵΪ
һ·ϣ؋OĬҲǲ֪οڡ
؋OԴӡ
硣؋O˵ҪҲ֣ô졣
ƫͷ̧֣üģҪ˵Щʲôοʱÿһһŵ顣
ס؋OǸĨĹļ;؋Oı˭
Ϊ˸ʱᣬֻǵ¡
£üͷִ̧ļϣһûһµţ񰲸һ㡣
-
ִ؋OƼ˹
Ų΢٣ȥá
ȻҲһ֪
ۣ؋OЦŵȻȥɣԸȥͳɡ
֪£ҲǿԴǰ㡣
؋OӦ¡
Ըʺ޸УɽձʱȻڣ؋OҲýȥ
ԺָԺʰ؋Oվſڣֳſδж
؋O
»ͷû뵽؋OȻ
ǰ֪ؼҶʧŮ؋Oͬ˵ʱ؋O֮ľԴ؋OӸ˱δ
գʵδ
عˡǰһЦ
؋Oͷߴƿүأ
»ͷһۣЦ⽥үʺݣҪȥ𣿡
ԣ؋Oȹڱߵָúͷͷͨһ
úáӦ󣬸Ͻתȥ
؋OһﻹסʱҲйܶεĻԺ
˷ʵӺܾ֮ǰʱΪ
ʯǰ؋O档
ʯɾָ˳һ߻ϤĸоȻЦЦ̧ͷʱȻͦεӰ
؋Oתȥʱ˵ֱôӹŲǰûٴϲɫǻһ°׽߹Ƶֱ׺
ˡʱǳЦڵͫΪ؋Oĵڷ⡣
؋Oգգ۾ס۽ǵɬеͷ΢Цջ·ϻء
÷𣿡ʱ֪˼ԸȥЩ˰ɣͬһ÷
Ҳ֪ΪΣЩϲһǵͨ졣
ֱʱ÷؋O˹
ʱ֣»ڻָ׶Σʲôֲ֡ϲڸǰź㲻˵
Ըʱ֮ĴԵЩһҲɡ
؋OľĬȴŸʱ
ֽԵöЩľȻжٻûһ˿һ
𣿡؋Oջۣʡ
ʱĿӦǰֲûܹˣʲô۵ġ
؋Oͷ΢죬ִŵĶϽͷζͬĳԲˡ
ԳĬõķֱ؋OԺãͬʱ̧ͷ
ҡ
ҡ
؋Oʧ˹ʵӣľǳǳǣ˵ɡ
šʱָױ۽޸ͫףҵĸ첲ӦǺòˣ֪ɣ
֪؋OĿЩĻţ˵ʲô
ʱֱӣַ¸ϣɬǣЦ˵ʱ؋OȻϣι÷ɣ㶼ࡣ
Ѿ³ʱҪ˵ʲôľŲߣʰʱľ׸СιΣﻹڲͣ
һ꣬؋Oʶȥ㻹ʲôԲԣҸ̡
ϺҲζʣҸһ
С
ʱȻ̧ץסĸ첲΢ȥɡ
ʲô؋OװЦſЩЦƽʱһ޶ҸǰŻأ
˵ţǰѾ˰ųȥ
؋OһŲֻʵߣȥ
ֱվԺſڣ؋OӶµġ
׸ʱĽҲ׸ʱ˿̵ΪΪΣǻᱻľٶ˵
ĸʱ؋OĶҪˡ
ۡ
ʱźãͷʱ˵Ц⣺ȥɡ
ү
ڸ𣿡؋Oૡ
ԶһҲҶʱ˼̨ףҲûֱԵǸߣȥ
㲻õңֲһ֡
ҲˣܲһзܿɣˣȥɣԺҲˡ
؋OûޣŸʱǿɾûԺˣҡҾȥ޸ˣ˳ɻӣһӶ¿ʼˡ
ƥ࣬ͦõġʱ۽޶ûɫЦϽ߰ɣҹɫŨȫ
؋OǿĿڣ۾˲죺߾ߣҡֲǷ㲻ɡ
仰ôû˵؋OǣǿſҪµӣٿһ۸ʱתߡ
̨ʱ؋OЩ
ʱǰһǰȥȴֽӲͣڰС
еǸӰԽԽԶʱ̲ճȭָ˫ɺ죬׵Ƥӿϲ㱡졣
ú󣬸ʱɿ֣ҲɿĳỺɢջһɬ
ûµġ
Լ
˼ˣʱĵͷԼ˵ұۡ
ʲô˳˳ˮҪģɽȡսɱûˡ
Ȣ
Ҳˡ                        
лҪ˵*⻷үû¡
Ϊƶүĸ飬ǡ

54

[ʮ]
ʱͷԼ, üӦкȻһӰٽţʱ˶һӵ£һ
Ӳ, кֱײǿԴϡ
㡪һ, ʱŷԼɤƵ
؋O˫ֽŸʱĲ, ˼, ôö֮ӵסʱ
ʲűʱǷת뿪, ȴԽԽܡ
Ҫô
һˣѹʱ
؋Oճţٲתۻȥ, ߽ܵ˱ס
Ƽ˿̽Ӳģ, ؋O֪ԼĶˡ
Ͻȥ𡣡ʱ˻ͷ΢
؋Oҡͷ˫ȴǽһǰ˽ƿ˵ҺƤҲã˵ҲҲ, Ҳʱ뿪㡣
ʱָڼһ, ʣʲô
һ۵ѽ؋Oβƣʣһ۵ġ
ָһ, һϢӭ
ǰСʱ, оԼˡ
̧ḧ؋OĺףĶ˺ʱƺʧ޺ۼ
ޡʱǻǣЦ, ͷһͷϣѾּѰҽˣûµġ
؋OĲӲ, ǳǳĳҭ
һʱ΢΢仯ҪǸ
ôˣ؋O˵仹ãſˡ
ʱֻĶĶǣǸûܱ塣
؋O̧ͷˮյ۽ͨ죬ëϻմᡣ
𣿡؋Oѯʣûϵġ
ʱôߵĵͷ۽ǣȻûܸԭý
؋OЩߡ
ŲԽȥĵشܲŷ־ʹӸʱӦĸͷʱļҶ˿ˡ
ƼģʱûסЦˣ
ûС؋OŵӽȫĨ½ϲ˳Ļ
űҵʱôô¸ңµǲ˼ˡʱ۵˸Ц⡣
؋O̾Ϣһ
ʱһ̣؋OҪΪ˾ôˣֱ˿ٿдģʵǸп
жʱ䣬؋OŸʱԺ
µ֪؋OڽȰסοѣ˳ҩøʱ
؋O꣬һ÷ӵݹȥ
ں𣿡ʱЦЦֽӹ
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龰֣ľǶ˲١
؋OŴǣ˵֪ռҪΪʲô
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ϣ؋OšüͷɫˬңҪ˵ꡣ
ʱ磺á
ʲͻȻضϻ˵֪ôӿڣ؋Oܻɨһۡ
뿪ʱˣҹ˵ĻҶﷴ˼Ҿá؋Oɤ̧ۿʱȥǽ˭Ҫ˺òã;пİҵǻǸǡ
½бѰҽҶ㡣
؋O֣ʹΪҲˡ
ǳź˭𣬶˭˵һ֮֡؋OҲܻԺ븵ʱȻǴҲ޹ҲԹȻȥԾίź
ίǸʱʵûΪ
źҲвĻˡ
½ǰ؋O׺ֻֽץס۹Σ븵ʱֿ
˼ˣ؋Oָ򴽵𣿡
ôѽʱס֣ЦЦּᶨĵͷҴӦ㣬Ҳֿˡ
ʱ˵⻰ʱһǻš
տ؋Oת뿪ʱĿʹȻԽ˿ʹǴУ؋OԼߡ
ѾŹһˣСԼײײ˻סְͷ˿ڡ
³ǰʱ𣬸ʱѾˡ
؋OպԹҲҪԼߡ
ҲãҲãΣⱲӶٷſˡ
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ڵĶ뿪˵ȴʺʾ⣬뿪Ժų
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⽥ɢȥֻʣЩ硣
ʺ˱˲٣ʲôˣ»ͷԺջ̧뿪
-
ԴӸʱ˺؋OͿʼѧ˲ٲ
ÿջĻ۲
հ؋OʢƫͷӿſϵãûסʧЦ
ĶûôõĴÿļƣһࡣ
؋Oλĸ첲ⲻҪˣɩɩ϶һġ
ġõĶǣЦû޹ȥأ˼ҵһˡ
؋OͷŷߣҪȥһ˶Ǳߣ˵⣬볢ʡ
ȥø
؋O½Ųתһѣʱȥɩɩɣʲô
؋OʹָϽ֣Сǡ

؋O͵Цű
Щ؋OǰȥߵĶ··٣õĻᱻ֡
ǼҸӾฮԶʱ㵽ˡ
؋O뱦һǰһƼͷ˺óĶӡ
ūȥɡȵϽ
؋Oҡͷһȥ
Զ˶࣬ʵߵýЩҲûˡ
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ϣعҲء
؋Oͷ̳һվ󶨶                        
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Ϊܹسס, Ȼ˭֪̫ҹ˿ͷؼ
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ʱıӰǼ⣬ʧЦ                        
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Ԫ˵ߴƬ̣ԥүǡ
ˣʱͣ٣ϿЩףӭĹҵӡ

Ԫʵ؋Oʱ³飬ʱ˵оʵһ
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