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С㣬Ҿ㻹ͦҵ⣬ȻֻһҽԺСҽһˣһҲ㹻ˡ
ںˮ۾кݺݵǺһ¡
۾лΪֻǸ˹ȣԵüӦø˵ǱˣȻҹʲߣΪܹصģôҲˡ
סȻ˵ǶԵģ׳ƷС
㲻㣬˵Ļҭ㡣
ѾǹˣǽˣϣܹȥĵڼչС
ŮӦôڼڵġǣͦ׵ģ˵Ǳߵʧ񣬵Ҽߵз٣Ůļױض˫
ԺǾһˣܶ鶼ǼΪģԺļױǼҵĹͬƲ˵ĲƲҵ˼𣿡
۾ž˵һѻڴص
ʺһϽһˮסûˮһ
۾м˵ΪĬˣĿشģĿΧһָֻոպãȻеСˣϲһյָоǲ֪㻹ǲǴ
ȵȡλǲŵһμ档
Ϊһμ棬Ҫѻ̯˵ڣԺĦࡣ
۾вΪԼĻкβףصոյĻ⣺ˣҸո㻹ǲǴŮϾ㶼ʮˣڹ˵ˡ
㶼ЦˣԼҪǻȥԼӲˡ
ⶼʲô˰
ץתҪߣ۾߬סܿð̻˵£㲻ܾôˡ
˦ŭǣһҪжµлл㿴ңֳģػСҸźôȥõɣʡóĹ
ô˵ģ۾бѿ
Ҿô˵ˣôţ㻹Ҷֲɣڶ9102ˣˣֵѰɣ 㻹浱Լǰ¾ˣÿŮ˶ҪܻȥҲԼվӣøƵĿף˿㶼ðˣҲ֪Ÿģ𣿡
˵ţ۾ð񣬴ӰŰԪ󳮣棺ҵģˡ
߳ȵ꣬һӻطֻ绰ⶼܵʲô
.

ڶ£թʬ

ιô°ŮٲҲôһƷҰɣ
߷߲ƽţȴ֪Σٽ
裬㶼֪вȥũçǿٱ
۾иں棬Ĵæ
Ȼһ£תûüӦ۾Ŀ׺ݣ䳯̹ȥ
ۡ
û
סؿʹ֣ǰ۾ҧгݵģƲң³ȥȥ
۾ҧгݣӣͱλá
ͱʮ൶λá
жһǳɣĻᶼûУô۾Ȼء
ΧΧ۵ˣԽԽ࣬ҿ
㵹Ѫе۾Ŀʶ֮ʣȻôһƷֱû
ʶƮԶ·һޱ޼ʵĺڰУڴˣôȥ
㲻ģˣ
ܲܣ
ֱ̫ûˣ
һûһΣһΣ
ӳڰĵطôܶͷǲԶһЩ졣
·ҵϣһ㣬Ǹĵطܹȥ
߷·ܶڳ֣֨֨ĳͣӿҪըѡ
òİԼô⣬һƷֱҪ̫ˡ
Ҫۣκ۾·502ˮճסһ㣬ô򲻿
ʱƣߵĶҲкܶ
˵ϱҷ˲ģզͿסأ
ɲǣûˣҲ͵ûˣ
Ҫ֪ʮѽøɶ갡
ûĵģô꣬ʡԼøȢϱôҵģ˶ӣ
û˾û˰ɣؼֳˣһ֣ĸ鰡
һȦˣʲô
ӣϱֳ
զô񡭡ԽȻԺը
ŵöʱ۾˿̣ͷϷ߰˫۾Ͱ͵ضȻѻȸ
ܵգգ۾
ˣ߰˫۾ʱܵ˾ţһɢ

թʬ
˰
ϱթʬ
ع񣬷ӵˣѾֻܵʣһˡ
˿̣վڴ߶Ŀԡ
ֻǡЩѽ
.

£ļƷ

תһȦˣƷаͱ˵ġ
ղݣΪ㴩õģ۾ժҾϲˣ
һֱӴϱͰ˵ڵϣϣݺݵӡ
Ǻۣɱġ
Ŀѣ˵쵰ƷײɻҪͱӣͱʮ൶˵ڻǰʮ׻ˣ
ڵϣŲӣȻҲ
ǺģҪѰ˵ʮ൶ʹ˳̵ľ
κΣµ˰ģüʣ㡭ľôԸ޸ң
ϻּƷУ˭޸㶼ǵ˰˱ùҾǵһӺУҲ޸쵰
˵꣬
ﻨ˺öӰӻȻҲߡͳȻ˿ûбӰ֡
ûа㱻ӣǻعˣͷԼ˫ֱּݹ
ܵţ˫ֻƣǷ޵ȺצƵġ
˵ĲӾ͸СèƵģ㲻þ
ȥô£
˼⣬űܵȺֵ˻
һȺ̤ƼϿɾʱӿ༦Ƶ
ţְڼªľϣǯסö
һָǼǰƬ̣ϲأ
˷׷ɿһ˻˫ֺʮ߶߶Ӵѽҵǻˡ
ӿһȺˣӻ㱲ѣʼЩ˺Ϥ־Լȫʶ
ֱǸ߶߶ĸǰף־ͺݺݸһĶ⡣
ֱֱȥԺЩʵĻ棬类բţµӿԺ
ӰٻطŰ㣬ͳͳӣ۵ĿҪըѣʹ⴫֫ٺ޹ǡ
ʹغ
ǸȴӲСһӰϱʳܣɱҪ߱򲻳ɣ
.

£糱

ָıǼ⣬ݺݵ㣬Ҹ㣬ӰʮļǮңȻ뿪ҵˣˣҲҵĹ
˵ʲô˼ֻ֪ӸתǿӲ಻Ķȥ
˿̣һȺΧָ㣬һһϵҲ֪˵ʲô
ֻǵӿҪըѣʶģ
ֱһģļ䱻ӣɥʧʶ
֪˶ãѹˡ
ŲԼļ©ķ
ԭԭҲգҲ㣬ֻǱС꣬ʮķͱƷƷеϱ
ŵһ죬ͱֻøɻóԷ
ܱץʳҲʹ
㱻ƷеĴʩǿ䣬㲻裬ײԾˣȻͱ
ޱȰȻ˵ùˮ졣
˴ԽԽΪʲô˱أ
ıø
ƷͱԽ֮ɼƷеϱ
ֱûû
޷ʵٶαۺ֮õķӣһ綹͵ҡҷ硣
찡˰ɣ͸˰ɣ
㷭ᣬԸ͸˵ˡ
ʲôԽʲôɣ
ľ֨ѽһ˴򿪡
Ͻװ
ԱߵվŲã˵ˣﲻ뿪ģɣ
⻰һ
ͷ
ٿۣͷŶҲŲҪҲ
κ̫ˣոһ˳ûˣͳŲסˡ
Ҫ£˿ٶסԼϣ˵սŵŮ˶һʱͺˡ
ʲô
Ҫ
Ҫʵ϶ɱˣɱȺȺ˶ȥظȥɣ
ԼƷ˸ҡ١ֻ֪ǳøƷһģһѣҲǴһ
ԣһĴܵý
оòУ˵ӴÿϽģ
üͳɳƣҽ
޷޲ƽߣҪҪСŮˣ
.

£ε

Խ๫
΢΢ۣҪ๫ˡ
꣬վ˴
ŵʱˣؽ˾䣺ſҡ
Сؽڴţ˵˰ɣ˵ܸԷӹҸһࡣ
ˡԸʵ
ȴ˵ˣҪȥѸɲסԼ԰ɣȻҪ֪ˣҪգת뿪ӡ
ĶܣΪʮһ͵ˣûԹţǳԱ˵
ŷ˵࣬Ȼϴˮ
峺׵ˮֻмѿ˵׻һֻ־Ĺ׻Ҳ˼ࣿ
ʣķҪ༸
⵽ж
ءˣ
۾ᣬȵ
˲ǣʼӡ
ֱˢ֪¸߶ȡ
һ뵽ԼҪһźõӶûеĵط棬ϹԼ۾˳ȥˡ
ţܲô̼һûԴκһͷȥ
߽ۼֿ콫ס˵ˣҲװҵˣҲҵĹ
㻹ûγףҪҧгݵӣˣҲĹ
ϱӵʲôŻ˵ز
ԽԽԽͲʹ죬ؿһϲ²ȥܵҪ
ֻѪһѪȾѡ
һ˹ȥ
ϴתͷȥ
ҪҴʱһϣ˵ǲвѾ˺ܶˣڻҪȥż찡ϱ˵Ұӱѩ类ˣǷʬˣ
üÿֻҪһ㲻˳ģ׼Ὣΰ¹ߡ
ÿ˵£ʹضޱҵӣίҲĲǣĲҲТ
Ҳ˼˹ȥ֮ǰҲֵôһˣҲûˡ
һ棬ؿڵǰ㻹˼˵ҪҪǶӼӸΪ˴ǻɽȥɻҲӣҹȥǲ
.

£ǣк

ãһ򲽣㣬㣬޲ܸɻӸȢϱøޣÿɽɻȥȴһŮ˶̲ãôţڻҪҰѹײıͳɣ
ͱ˵֪Ҫˡ
֪ˣЪϢ뿪ݣصԼСݡ
ƿţһԼĪСӰΧڴߣ׷׻ͷ
߹ȥһֱһϣôˣ˵
ܵԲĴ۾СǲΪǣԲŲ޸
ǵԴɵϣŲǣϽȥ˯
һ޶ɵصͷȥĽ䴦̯ڵϣѽݶ۾౧ȡů
߳ӣŹʵԥ»ǳ¹ڲϵ壬ȥүļС
үΨһһԸ˿Ĵ
ա
Դκúܣоһһ㣬Ӱ
пӹǵж
ûع񣬶߾ʹСӵף
ף
ʲô
ҡԴǰЩĿһԺСӣ
ӣңһһŮ
ǣոսʲôԼܻˡ
һ޶ͬף
סǡϴ˰ɣ
ϲҡͷͣǵȢϱ˵Ժǵˡ
ܵţһʺı顣
£һӶǼƷòУȻһԺӡ
ɻǻƻŮѽ
Ǻǡ˿Ȼ΢Ц⣬ʲô벻ˡ
ףѾү㿴ˣ˵ӹҪúϢ˵ţϲȻ˳õıӣȻⵥıȫ̫ౣůá
㷢޶ֶѾͨˣܶϸϸССѺ۲˱Ƿ۵Сצӡ
ҲǶͨ죬Ƕ˵
ؼǣǾȻûЬӣ
һ˫СŵĽźѿܶӣý˿ָۣȫ۹ĲС
ü˵ȻϮͷôô٣𣿡
һ޶ҡͷ˵ǲ䣬һ㶼䡣
ֻҪɵӣ֪Ժ˵ѡ
ߣҲúίŲŲߵλ˵ɣ̫ˡ
.

£Ĳ

ϲһۣҡҡͷ˵֮ǰ˵ǲ˯ϡ
Ժѡֹ̡һ飬޶Ĵ̾Ǹ
Ǵֱ̼Ͳˣô컹ϴ˯붳ǣϽŲŲΡȻֻԲֻ۾
ǵϲС޸УȻż÷ཱུ޶ͦɰġ
׶ŮҲûʲôȥܺӡ
ӣ˲ࡣ
ŵĿ⵨ӣһ
ãԱ߳ҩɫһʣôˣ
Ӱͷ˵ǵȥ
ɫźЩ㶼Ǹ޿ذɰѺӶӣҲöá
ƷоǼƷУǻժ۾Ʒ˲ĥضӰ
߹ȱһǵĴƾɵСϣҩˣϽˣһҪȥɽϸɻҪŴѩû֮ǰеׯҶջ
ӣԴһκͷΣܰҰҩ˹𣿡
һۣ·ȷװ֮󣬲Ž˹֪ûӹ룬ɱˡ
ðⶼʲôʱˣ㾹ȻСңһ˻ǿųͷɽȥׯڣ㵹ãһҪڴϻź򣡡
߹ȥͽ˹ɻˣûʸԷⷹûʸԣ
üҩǷ
ͷŷԭҩҩˣ棺ǻӾȢôӡ
˵ţָһ޹޶˵ҲǣһثûöֻԷɻ
ϲûвɻڿˡ
̧־͸ϲһƣСС͸Ҷˣ
㿴þˣӾȻôСĺӶ֡
Ͻվȥӻ󣺡С£ȥɽϸɻ
˵ţǻСӰ㣬ƵĽ
ǰͷһ۴ס˵ҿܻŻ㿴úӡ
ؿһ²ȥ
ƾʲô㿴Ӱ
Ҫǣһ⣬ɿ˫ȴ˸Żֲ̿С۾ȴֲˡ
.

ڰ£һС

￴ͷ뿪
߳ӣվſԺм䣬·±Ƶģɤӵҿ̱·ֻҵףʹӲˣɻˣһڷ
ﲻȴҶ˵
һָͿ
οﱾͲǸƲ磬˶ʮӣϵΪɻġ
ӹҲ
Ű籾ͷˡ
ù괩ԭ
һ룬;ǻްġ
ӷˡ
Ѿ˰ɡ
˴ͷ裬ȷ飬ӶתС
ϽߣһŻ
вУٲԶҪΪˡ
ﻹʣһҩҽҩкô
²ܱǶ˵Ͻˡ
ʱ򣬱Ҫ
Ȼȥʮ൶ĳޣ
ﰵģӱʮδ
һҪüƷкÿҪֵҼȮɰݡ
ĲУưܲǽ߳ſڡ
ͷ̵Ҫۣһ۾ܴ򿪡
ǰһΧŵСԺӣԱ߻һéݴСӣӦǳˡ
Ͻ߽ȥһںѹѹӳ
ǿյġ
ǿյġ
Ҵǿյġ
׸״ǿյġ
пԴ򿪵Ķ㶼˿ˣǿյġ
ɸΪ֮
Сףڵûл֮ǰǼûзԵģΪʳڴ
Ϊ̫ˣ޽Ҳûокβס
ԭʳﶼ䷢ģֲüƷô
Ҳ̫ˡ
ԵĶָɻ
δ˺޳ܵˣǼʶˡ
ȹںȻ˳£ͷ˫̥еĽ㡣
ϲСԴ˵ףһҪĸ˵Ļǲзԡ
ü̫ʲô˼
˵ж죬Ҫɶٸ˵ĻֵܷʳҲˣһӦſڸĸ޶˿ϾǶ¸ǵ顣
Ȼ㲻ϲСˡ
޵ͷ治һĲɵĸɵƵġ
Ȼһ
.

ھ£Ұ

ǵĴ̾𣿡
޵ͷҡҡͷóܵ۸١
Ƕ𣿡
ǲͬ
ɲ˵꣬ӵĶӾͽĽС
̾Ϣ˵ˣԼͷۻġ
ٲҵԵģҪŲǸƷлһغˡ
ȥҵԵĻҡ
߳Ժӣ̹ǵĺֱӭӹŴʹѡ
·ò񻰣ֻܲӲߡ
ʳﱾͺ٣ȥȫǰããһƬ
ܲԶߣʯͷϴȻʯͷһֿʳõҰݡ
ҽȻ֪ʵûʲô⣬ǳӪ˼¡
ãҰݿԵ壬ܵҰʳá
ֵزû취ˡ
ֵʯͷȥҰݣҿݹ񣬲Ȼֶ첻ȥ
ʯͷӲֱ˼Сӣʹ졣
ڣһƬʯͷͦ࣬ﶼҰݡ
ժҲһˡ
ԺѾ亹䤱
ô죬ð麹ɼö
վڳɵͷ޴֡
ִԼԹҲСһ֪Ϊ
һʱ䣬ȫ֪Ҫڣ
ϲ߹ףɣ
ľصͷ˵һߣϲַ˻ֽҰݸɾӵ
Ȼ䣬ͷһᣬпôС޶ͻˡ
Ȼ˼ҵ޶統ҡ
漴벻ԣֱѾˡ
Ҥ
һᣬҰˡ
ϲȱ˽ǵװһҰ̣ܵ˸߲ҵؽӹҪ졣
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޷ֻܽʵͷˮ
ҰҶƯˮУһͶûУ
žûθˡ
ǱҪ
һڣͣټ֮һӾ̲סˡ
һϡﻩģ
޶ˣףôˣ
˵û£۾ɳˣҲϽȡ
ءʵǱѺȵˡ
ûûͣһɿɬĲҩζ
δԹĿͷ
һ뵽ҪĻڵȥ⡣
ͿƲס̫ˣ
.

ʮ£

Ϊͷľˣûӳأֻܻһѳͷ
صûˣʱŵһ
һȦȻڳ档
ƼݵŮˣΧŶڳһ߿һ߳ԣ˵
ôԸ޸Լ
ﲻζǿʵǾΪû취
ҸŮ˿ӣû취ɻɻͲӡ
üͷǶ޶һ
ʱίɣܹˡ
Ǯܷߡ
ʱž˵ˣҲŰɣ
ϲۼ⣬վſڣ˷ܵؽţ
ӣϽᣬüƷп
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׾ˣѪЦݻûȻ찵أͷۻ˫ȷ
ȥסҪµ壬𣬰طŵϡ
Դģҡ˺һŻ
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ըˣѾôˣ˾Ȼ
ޱ飬ȻΪ˱ٴܣӹֱѩ߲·ͻᱻ·ߣΪ»ҰһԱ
ֻ۾ҪܣҪܣҸովѾˣõŵ˺ܴȥκ˵ĻǺ
üͷһ壺ϴ֮ǰҲô˵ġ
ţָ϶˼Ȧǽһʵʵã
㣺
ɱģ⵽ʲôƷ
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㶼˵ˣܲ·ͻᶳ·ߣһɵԼȥѰ𣿡
㲻ܣѾѰһˡ
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ҪſĲܣ
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㣺
ĻΪ˱
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ؾ
ã˰ɣ̸̸ò
һھܾУҪȥɻˣҪ֪;ˣġ
.

ʮһ£Գ

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׼ˣ⻰סŲ
˼Ƭ̺˵ǲԸԽ๫ǣûҪ֪㲻ѹġ
㣺
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ʵǲˣɣ
ɲੲݣ˾ǲΪԸӣˡ
Ȼûеôƻ
֮£λôϤףǾء
׷׵ͷģǲ˵ġ
ųͷȥˣڽŸɲȡůҪʱ޿̶ԲĴ۾˱ӵ
ˣżªéݣ޿
ҹǻˡ
ԺӴϽܳȥ
ܿ촫ϲۣӣ
ֻӿԳ𣿡
ӽݣ˵ֻӲܳԡ
۵ʧɫ
ϵ㱻һ磬ܶһ£ܣԼƷǺ
˰ȴоֽŶԼˡ
ëѪĵţܵýûӴ
ôˣ
ǲЩż̽Ķͷûա
ܵüͷ˵
ţǲԼ湤̫ãѾʧȥ˸֪ȣǸȥöͷĶͷ
Ȼ䣬Ŀԡ
㵵۾ͨͨͣ
ɱģ⻹ǵһθ˿ô
Ǳ˻ãؼͱļƷУ
ǹɳޣҪƸͶ
Ǹֱӣ˿ԼΪʲôףɵȷʵûзգܶһ𣿡
ܶˣǱʶ͸һȭͷԶ㣡
ˣͬצȭͷϾͬСè㣬޹ؽҪ
ͣվһ߾̾
˲ɱѩػ˺䡣
ˣ԰Լ̫嶯ʱޣֱΪ
̧ͷ񣬵Ĺʱһ⣬־ʹϱĴڡ
þû˿˵尾ˣΪԼȫϴɡ
ǸҡҲǡ
.

ʮ£ܳã

ΪƷлƸͶһѵ
û뵽Ȼüͷƽ˵̫ˣһûУȥеģȥүǻҩţҩһ㡣
˵ţԱ߱õӾҪš
סǡҪȥҩβ
Ȼ䣬Щ
Ϊҽʲô⡣
ԣõҩǳ⡣
Ȼᣡ
˲ôˣϽӴ
Դһκ
ƶѪ˲𰡣
¡
⣺ǳˣûа취ץҩˡ
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ûӸԼҽΪ˵ֻ޶ˡ
Ц˵ҲҪ㿴ϲöԲԣ
۵дҺãǶȴΥģһҡͷ˵ǲá
㣺
ʲôļͥŻʹ˵Ļ
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Щԥ֪ˡ
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ĸŮһſƮŵζƬ̺ٿһͬζ
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˽ȿǹ⣬𣺡磬Ҳ̫˰ɣԼ⣬˵ϣ㡭Ȣϱ찡£
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ʮ£ϴ

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翴ìͷˣﻹάδҸ˼ңҲ˲ҪˣͷϽ뿪Ⱥ
ȴҪʲôӣֻǹ⣬ǰܣȻ㶼ϴˣҲʲôխ֮ˣ϶ԭģҲ˵ȥͻȥģôҲҪóǣǹϴǲġ
֮⣬⣬Ҫó˫ַϣܰݡ
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ըˣȴִٰ߬ȭͷûֹ
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ʮ£

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ɫ΢ЩͣȴߣٸװˣҪҷֵ磬͹ԵùͷʣڴҶˣװТӣ
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ԭվڶߵĴ˽˵Ų˵ӴҶ֪ġ
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вʣǰ˿ţ˿ʵʱŮҲżңʵ϶Ĳˣûô˵ÿô˵ĳʳҵһģæͷת˭ǵ÷ûְ㲻˵ô֪ǣ
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ƺԼĴ⿹ܣǴ͸ĺ£˼Լúܿ
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ڶʮ£

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վڴߣɷ̫ɹƨ˻ڴŲ㵱Լǻʵ˲ɣУ˭ƺϴ˯ģǲǰҵĻ߷ˣ
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ڶʮ£үŭ

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.

ڶʮ£µļױ

ڵдһЩҩ򻯹ʽǿүġ
㿼ǵүʶ֣Ҳࡣ
ǲ˹ʽҲһЩ塣
үǿˣٿһüͷƺڸþòƽӡ
㿴үڻУҲ˼صߣʣµĲҩֿ
үʱüʱչһҩֳҩ
ǡҩүȷʡ
Ц𿪣ǿˣͷԶԶԣǰҩ
үص̾˼ؿһۣǺǳҡҡͷȻ뿪
Ҳ³һˡ
ϲСԴʣףүôˣ
ͷһ˼ԼǶԵģȻܳһ˸ǴģͻῪʼҡ
ϲǲҡҡͷΪʲôû˵Щ
һЦΪһľͷ
ദϲҲЩ׾ľͷϱ
ûϽȥ̽ţڵС
Ϣϲ˵ףҪ֪ˣֻˡ
㲻õⶼʲôʱ򣬻
ȻϽŷֺõҪȥҩҩι
ҲǶûţֻҪĶſڣһҩûھˡ
òУҩ˯֮󣬲żϲҪĽ㣬һֱԵشԱ߿š
ԼϲϽǰѯʣϲôˣһֱ˵ģǲ𣿡
ϲҡͷϲûвġ
˵꣬Ӿ͡ࡱĽ
붮ԭǶȫ붯ˡ
վ죬ֱ磬̫Ǻ
οҪϲܻˡ
ֲȥʧȥҲûȤˣɺӲôȥˡ
Ŭԭļ䣬ԭһױģڴ¡
˵ſ£ͽڿȻڳľʵӡ
ϽľóĵĳǼһֻӡ
ΪԭʱƼһԼǣû˷־ڴ¡
û뵽ûͱƵһغױҲûˡ
.

ڶʮ£о

ϲ벻ﾹȻֶ۾ɵϴͶҪ¼ˡ
г֮ǰϽסϲͣСֹУ׵ļױҪǱ̷ˣǾûˡ
ϲͷɿס֡
·Ӿʱˡ
Ȼٽԭⲻش£ȫϲš
ú󣬶ڵϣϲļطԸȥ׻ڼ￴ŵܵܣҪǵܵ˾͸ιˮ׻֮ǰǶȥҲ˿֪𣿡
ϲͷŷĳš
úܣ·̫ˣȥĲϣŶңӭŷѩš
ԭȻǱˣҲԶڸڴ塣
һɽͷһׯˡ
ԣ·Ϥġ
ԭļ䣬ҵ˴֮ٵֵꡣ
ϰ壬ʳô
ϰθ˼Ӵ˭˭ҵϱѽ˵
㶮⣬׸
Ҫ̽˭ҵˣûʲôɽʹݺһٰɣ
ŶģүãѩģҲҪʳ԰һ˰ɣүƣȻɽиҽͷŻǺõġ
ٿ˭ҲҿҽһֵԼ˾Ͳˡ
ϰɫתˣҲЩŶԭүҪʳѽ˵˵ҪЩʳ
˵ţϰȥʳһЩ
Թ˴ףĴĹòС
ſڴϼﻹޣ̾˿˵ķװӣ˵ۡ
ϼһˡ
ʱ򣬾һҰӵꡣ
ζĶӺܲؽְӸִǲмһ۵ġ
һüꤵǰǾǿ¶
ûסߵǰŰ˿Һ
̵ϰƼӣޱ񣬼Ҳûò϶Ǹؤ
ߣ⣬һȥ
ƽṷۿ˵ˣǸӣڻġ
ΪһҲΪ˳һڰӣȥˣҧһȥӣ
ϰЦ𿪣ӹָһЩɢǮϣ͸á
ϱųʳӣǸƵģ£ѹͣƽ˷֡
һ·ؼҵķСš
Һã̫䣬ûԸš
һ·оյĻˣ˯ѣŴ۾
.

ڶʮ£

Ͻţ⿪ϵĶȥ̽Դˣɿ
ϲָһѶףЩʲô
뵽޿϶Ѿˡ
׸ӡЦ˵۾ɵøͭƵģš
ֱ㽫ȺŵóŸӡ
ֱӳɤź𣺡ңҪӣ
ŻˣϽǰס죺꣬ԣӸ㣬ǲܴ˵ȻͳԲˡ
Ϊ˳Եģʲôͷ۾ǶŰӡ
Ͻһ˷ʣԼһȻڸ
뵽͵شס
ΪʲôҪ
һͱԼĻƱˣ
ŲҪҪԼԵ
ǹ²ȥŰӣӶҧһڡ
Ĳӡ
ܿԳԵӣ࿪ˡ
ܿͳԵӣϲһ֮󣬾ûˣŰԥʲô
㲻⣺ϲôˣ
ϲ˵һǵ֪ʲôʱӻġ
㣺ðɣֺݺݵزһѡ
˳˵ϲ԰ɣ׸˰ӣµġ
ϲŶЦʵҧӡ
ĵؽѾԼҧһڵӲ
ʳźãȻȥҩ
˼ܱʳһ١
޳ԱҪȥĵ˯ϽסǣȻ˯
ôȥ˯棬ˡ
ɲӾô
Ϊ˲˵Ѿҵ˼úӲ䣬ֱֲ˯ķӡ
Ƨʲô࣬ľࡣ
ԺܶľĶִܴ󣬶ǱгһζεԲӡ
ÿŪ
˺ôľŽԺеľĸŪ
ԭȵĵݶÿ㻯ľľͷ
ϲܺ棬ܾװǿĶ
ףʲô
ûлͷϵĶŪСѣŵȻᣬܿͺˡ
ͷ֮깤ˡ
һСѾôˡ
ʵԱǲôģȻ̫ƷӣҲԭȵĵѲ֪öٱ
.

ڶʮ£С

ǵС̫˷ܣһʱ˾ִĵعͷ޴͵ӡ
ȿȡϽɫѾˡ
ǰǸûûεĴӡ
ϲõСѣϲ𣿡
ۣӡɿ˵
ϲҲϲýһѽȥû˵رϴǹɱ亮
οŷԭֵĳɹôгɾ͸еģǰ˳ͨӡ
ⲻַ֪豹棬ȴʵʵظܵ塣
Щпز¶ЦݣȻҽѧԺһ̻Ҫˡ
ɫѾ͸ûʱӵɽֻܹʱ䡣
ӦѾҹ˵ˡ
ôˣôû
Ҳ֪ΪʲôԼᵣǸƷУЩ˦˦Դȥˡ
úޣϵıӸϡ
ȻȥƾɵĹ﷭һޱûУһЩõ·Ǻܱ֡
죬֪֮ǰôġ
Ҳǵģ֪кΪʲôͲһЩٱҲҪ
һЩԹǲָһľͷֱлʲôˡ
ַ˷֣ΪȲٵѵ⡣
̾Ϣǰ۾ãǾæߡ
ҽɣ
㽲Щܾõ·Ȼ׾ؽЩ·һ
ǿ̺ܵãҲЩɰͰ͵ĵǿЩ
ֱˣŻŻ谵ɫһĶһȳһյ߽Ժӡ
ϸϻδɵѪ
ƿţһʱ俴ڲڡ
Ǵ˿һͦůֲ֪ͦʲô˯ˡ
ŽĿӺƿŵϣǸţϡ
˵ȣ߹ȥϸһ·ɵ̺ӣŷѱӸˡ
һʱЩݣĳڻůǲԾýֵܵˡ
תĿⴥŵ룬Ӹӡ
ƿмһҧһڵİӡ
Ϊʲôӣ
˵˾Բô󷽸ӵʳ
ӣ˿ҧλãͲǺҧģǡ
.

ڶʮ£

֪ΪΣ뵽ˣȻ鼫䲻Ȼ
ʶֻͷڴ˯Ůˡ
շӪɫݣ˿̵ӺС
ȴеҫ۲ѡ
ӣôؾ׽
ƺԹκΰӶҪóЩǸ̵ӣȴ΢΢⡣
ӣ䷬Ҳˡ
һĻڶûԶǼٵġ
Էʱû¾ȥˣʲôζ֪
ϵ˿ڶͿϵš
Ҫ֮ǰЩɽˣñ￴
Ƚ磬
Ա˵Եʵİɣˬ˲١
ϵϾȻѪ
ŵ´˳ѪȥţȻ쵽ġ
㵣ˣҵԱ߷ŵľһСسȥ
иӰͷضڵϲ֪ڵʲô
ʱˣȻһһ͵ʳ
ľȥˣ㣬㣡
ʵʵ˺ü͵תֶס󣺡ң
סô㣿㡭·ôһˣһڳﵷʲô
ü벻СӿСͦݵġ
󱻴˼£ˡ
յؽеľһߣϴƤë
˳Ŀ⿴ȥȻϷżҰø֪ʲôƤë
ƤëմȾѪڽЩѪϴɾ
ԭϵЩѪЩѪ𣿡
סƬ̣Ѱ˼ҪҪЩѪģ
ѾȥƤëĦӣ˵˵¡
һμĶƤëһʱò־ΣֵطҲûӵ¡
ֻ±ӱ𵱶ˡ
һЩƤëԸСˡ
ô죬ЩƤëֱõ֮
ЩƤëôģϲʣһЦȻɽץĶ컹ûҰѶȥˣЩӡ
˵ţóݸ
סеƤëվ㡭ȷҪӽң
.

ڶʮ£Ī㷢ŭ

ӣҪ㡭
һҰ׵ı飬죬Īĵ䣬ŻȻͲԸԼ
ᴹû˵ֻǱֵӸơ
һʱ䲻֪ӻǲӣȴͬʱ϶ദˣ·մ˺ɫѪ
Ҫǣ·˿ʪģ
Ͻӣ˳־ϣֵĴһƬʪ妣̹ǡ
ô죬ʪ͸·ǲҪ𣿡Ҳ֪ΪʲôôǱʶΪԼΪҽκβϧԼΪ
ȴЦ𿪣ǿ׳ģ¡
ͷϽĸȥ·£̣ϣȫ֪˿Լŵжԡ
ǿʧȻ񱻴˼ѪѪˣֿһİԵЩصͷ
ת·һȳһյʱŷ֣ʪ͸ˣȾȻҲˡ
Ȼһ£͵뵽Ҫˡ
ҪôŶ
ӵ֣أ߬ǳ档
ŹУϽ֪ӣԲ֪ƤëӵĴڡ
ӴϽϴƤëȻƤëųھˮϵѪϴɾ
һæ۵ͷ󺹣صƼڴϸԼ˿ڡ
ۣĻϣСķɫؼǿȥȦʹɹ⡣
ҪǸִĻöŮΪ֮
˼ɫ߹ȥһĲĵûôˣᣡ
ȻõĲҲһˡ
Ͷݺݵ²ȴᣬ˸ɾˮϴ˿ڣָϸİ˿ڡ
ȫ̲ʱܵزƨɣָĴиͬСèӵ
ϵ˿ڣַ˵øء
һŭ⣺˵ô£ȥũϵҲãڻһˣ
סȻŭŭȫ¡
ŭúΪѹ
ŭøЩˡ
΢΢̣ٿصͷϴĺӰũ춼Ѿˣ˵⣬Ҿͽɽȥû뵽˵ȸˤˡ
.

ʮ£Ͳ

һľ
˵ôǣҲ˺üֻҾ˳ץ˴һˤҲ
ãûǶ˵ĲᣬҩĻҲЪˣ
ðѪ˿Щ֪룬˵øҩֹѪףĶҩĸ
Ĵƽ£Ѫûˣõģ
ʱŧͲô˵ˣŵɣϲͱô죬Ǹɲչǡ
Ǹ˼ͲԣԾŬɻǮǣһҪɽҶЩ䣬治֪ôģſͷͦӲ
ûûкúӣֻÿθɻǮ˶ѣһӶͺӣҪһЩԼ
ǿֵģһ˵ĲǣҲʮû취
ȥҲǰ취ӺӣӰǮ߬ԼһЩȻ˵ôˣԼԼең
ˣ˵ˣȥյˮ˵òһѪô
תߣȴסô鷳ģˮҲԣһ°þˣ
죬˵ˮˮ㲻˵µˮʲôɾϸʲôģԲҸȻȥˮ
˵׻ҽҽΪԼɲּ˾;ȵĴˣ
ߵ㲻ɵһͷۣոˮҪӳôûջչˮ
û취ֻӲͷƤϣһðһỤ̃Լ
סˣ²ѳ˰ɡ
һȳһĻѾԱߣлһһֺֻںģ֪ʱѺڻҲ䵽ϡ
ǱӶˣϸһ־ĶԾ𶼲յ
ͷר־ˮûע⵽վڳſڣһԼ
ȵշˮѾǰʱԺˮľ棬ص￴ԹڴϣϲѾ˹ΧԱߣ
Լһ˵ϲԵõǺͲ̧ͷʣ۲ۣ㴵һɣͲˣ
.

ʮһ£

ǰˤϥǽͻôһġ
ӵĹػůģһֱһõģûµģҲûкۡ
ˮˣһ˿ڲɾþûˣ
ˮԼļױóһӲôõӣʪԺĸһ˿ΧѪԼһЩ
֪ĶһƲһߴԼҪ˿ڵģƳһۣõûиתԼһѰһЩӡ
Ҳµͼæǿ鲼һ°ɣЩ·ҪģֵΪһ˺
ػȴϲϣ
ϲͻȻһµӴһǺӸ첲۶ϸϲôһ䵽Ϲͷϵ
ͬҲһ˴ӴȻµСӣԹԵվߡ
ùԼһѸסԼ˵ȣոǺ÷ű㱻˴ƿ
ʱôȥ˸ũôðộǸòֱҳʲôóԵ˰ɣ
һͶ֣ûע⵽ĲԾĴ
ʲôöҲûͼڴʱֵ㣬ھȻҲɢˣʱ˻ڼ
˺õĲ߹ôһ˿ã쿴Ӱɣȶ˳ʲôˡ
ǿҴһɣֱҩȻҶպˣ
ʲôУСӾͲ֪ãһôӣôôŮˡ
һٳϸһۣڵߵһƿϵѣ
³çľٶüͷǴ·ģֻ¶ϥµĲλȻǵжΰ
㡭ô극׳˰ȥɵũҲܴ˻˵㻹ܸɵɶ
һʱûһ˿ӣǺǳ˻ۿţĭӶ絽ˣ
üͷĸҲɫ롣
Ҳһٶ㣬ɼʮηġ
˰ȻҪһ˻ôΪ˸ȢϱﶼҲˣĶ򣬰һ͵ˣϽũȥ
.

ʮ£׬Ǯ

ϵ˺أͲ£Ҳûаӣǵ񲢲ġ
ٶһ׬ǮҵĹ߰ˣûɶ
ûģ㲻ģһô꣬Ҳûʲô飬Ȼ廹Ҫȥũ
һֽŽȫһˣĶԼα⿴ɫأ
Ҳû˵һҪ򡭡ẓ̇ɼҲҪܲˡ
ʵڿȥˣˣȻҲûӸǾϢɣͦصģʱȥ˸ɻѪ
˿ȥʲôӣ϶ԼӲã˻úЪһ죡
죬˵ķݣһû˵أúõ·Ȼ˺ˣʱû·ɱҪ·
˵仰תָָǳ⣬ǵǮ棬ſڱտڶӡ
ҲΪҺã㲻Ҫҳȥɻˣȥ𣿡
ԣҲ㿪ά
һٶּŭµТҪҰ㻹˵ŹӰͿʼƫˣôôҵģ
ûҪ˼ο˵ΪҴȥԼӵлʱĻвõӰǿô죡
⻹ǵһŸɣͶһ˸ɻȥˣͲ˳ˡ
Ҫ˵ӦǻӦ֣νߴߴ磬Ļ±ߴ磬һֱϣԼŮܼ޸˼ң
ἰĻȻȥһЩҲֻ˼һ㡣
УµķݶͱũˣֻЪһ죬͵øҸɻȥݺݵ˵
ǶԴӺͼˣǸ˵һҧгݵġ
껰ˣǰݺݵһۣվıֱӵеһɻ
ѾͷôͻȻһһ֮ǰɴδйԼŰйŹ֡
ŵˣ
.

ʮ£

ȵԶǰȥ˿ڣ˭Ҳûп˵
˿ڻûã֪ϲĶӹ
ʱע⵽ɫѾѾ˳緹ʱ򣬴ȥ
ԼĶӣԼҲ˵ˣ
ϲ˰ɣȥ󷹳ԡ
ЦЦܵıֳº͵һ棬ʵÿһС΢ӣ˶˵
һ͸ˣСƵһֱͷ·źãóԼغõķ׼ϴɾûһ¡
ôҿͷСķɵһ£ЩĶģӡĶǮģ
ҰԼǵױˣʳǲָˣʳģ˾Ͳ˵ˣǺӶԲ
ǻҪ壬ȻһĶԲ㿴Ӷݳʲôˡ
㵹Ҳûʲô·ѷҪȥ
һסˣû뵽ΪúӳԶٱȻԼļױЩʳ
һʱޱΣȻѾҵһٱúӳԱҪһ˼ױʳķˡ
ҪţСԴԹ⿴һҾͰѷøԣ
˵ʵЩƵͷָвãݲһΪӪϣϲͷơ
ҿӲͷҲû˸ǽԭͷһӣ
ðɡԹЭ۲Ŀһ۷ߵߣ۾ô
ôһ׼˵ʵǰѷŪͳˣոյˮͰ˹ɲĿŵİѷŵ
ѷŵԱ߿ĻҰѷһ£ȻԲ̫ܱȱһӷ֣ûóҪá
ȫúľҸסЩˮ׼յˮϲϴϴͷʲôģ
ƽ϶ûܹЩӵֶǺںڵġ
հѻյʢֲֵ˳
ɫ̱ࣺ㲻ʵţܵʲô㲻Ҫ鷳òãһ߶˿ڳѪһһθ㻻
.

ʮ£˼ȫ

⻰һ£漴ͷµĺӣֻһûʲôҪæġ
ʶԼЩ壬㻺һᣬƽĵԼԵģոܰʲôǻȥϢɡ
һǺںС֣ûߣߵԱ߶˳ֽһϴĲȡ˳
еģôĲŽȥѻѹСģʱͻð̡ܶ
ŪĲһ߻̸ЩС֪ʶûΪʲôô˻𶼲գ
㲻˭ôһˣûͷֻôŽȥˡ
˼ǲȫˡҲûҪ⣬˳ĻӦһ㲻ٿ˵ˣ
㻹ڳʹҪջˣҪůͣһջöŷһأ
Ϊ㶼ڹڹ̨߰ڻҲû̫⣬ŵķ㲻ˡ
ôѷӵˣ⻹ôԣⲻ˷ʳ
ɫеסˣȴһִСʲô˭˵˷ʳˣ㲻ͲҪҽûԹ
˵ˣҪ˷ʳҲʳ˷Ѱ㶫Ǽױģô˷ѵҪŵǸ
죬˵καĻֻ˵ҸոյˮͰˣѱ᲻һΣֻôˡ
Щ˵Ǹû㵱ɺӿһĶûУϲͱôСٱǳԣ㻹ʲôǣ
ЩȻ˼ױģҾ˵仰Ȩ˵ʲô㶼ٷֶˣܼǼȻ㲻ֱˡ
Խ˵Խߣô˴ڣԼҲͰˣӶιĸӼȻŴ˿۶
ƫƫ˻֪𷴿治֪ʲô
ĻҲֻǵһȻͷջ
˺һϸʵʲô׵ġ
ȴûΪſſڣߴ̻ͷһԲŷĵط
.

ʮ£û

ϣ۾⣬ᷢǿŵķԼδԼΪ鷬ţǸӲӲҲã
㻹ǾЩͷ۵ġ
һſ㿴̨ԣϸŹǣð
߹һƿǣ͵ʲôóԵˣаڳӲˣʼ˽سʳˣǲТ֪֪
˵ɶأǾյˮѰһޱ飬ֻһαóԵģͳ׼ˣ
֮ǰʲôûһݣӦǾٺòһϻˡ
һȷֻһˮûʲôóԵģ
һûΪոԼие˱Ĳѵ㣡
ôˮʲôȵꣿⲻ˷Ѳ
ûкóԵģ㾾š
ҲҲûˣſڱȵ갡ûʳˣˮǺȸ˵ˣֲʲôϡûȥˣ
˼ﲻҵķԣǶȵˮ
ﱻĻס죬һ۾ݺݵ˻ȥҪԷԼ취ô˻ָɣ
㵹Ǳռ׬Ǯͭ嶼ûУʲôԷ
ƾʲôôǰ׬˼ǮôЩʳأο͸ðӸңТҡ
ʲôȻҲô˵ҷϣȢϱ㶼̲ܽãôﵽҵͷ
˵Ĳֽ˵⻰δ̫ģĸ׿ȴʲôҪƽϡ
һ㣬һЩ֪ͷΪһˣ˵еԼûãٱԲϣ
㣬Ҳԣ˵ıʵôܻܲţԺҿ϶ӱŬͺӰˡ
ˣ㻹ǾʮһΪ룬ȻŶţ
û
ɵӸһģȻֺαôúˣҪӣùºðɡ
㱻ˣﶼûǸˣйƻТ֮°ɣ
ԼĶͶȥһƵ񣬷·˵ƣҵһø͸
.

ʮ£

㳶˳ǣ˵˼жҪչ˺ТֽƤҲҲҪТ
⻰ʲô˼ҳʲôǲǣôôĳŮ˻˵Ҫ˾ָɣҡ
㿴ҽôʰ㣬ôûֱײûĵĶǰɣǸǣӹŹؾȻ㲻֪жҲͰˣȻҹȥ
ߣӾ׼ץͷȴץˣ߬ס󣬽һҵʹ
ۣҰɿ﷢һɱĲҽСˣģû뵽־Ȼôо
һĻһ£漴㣬ôôԴأ
ôܣοԼȶֵģֻˣȻҵͷǶҪ޶ͺˡ
ûԼĶˣ۸˻ܻ˰
ǿʡԼȶҳԲѷТϱŴôˣ
Ҫţȥ˺һ
ȴһЦˣţǿʶǶ񣬲ͲҪЦ
ˣ㲻Ҫ˵ˡָͣϽ㲻Ҫٴ̼
ûôֶΣȥԿһ
ˣǸҲû߷߲ƽˣʱӿ϶ǲưոݵġ
Ҳˮˣݽϲˮϴϴֺ
Ҳˣ¶̫ߣƤķˣƤҲܳԡ
ζĺãϲȻһ˳¶ǣԵССǺںˡ
ˣԱߵһֱһֹӣ֪϶ҪԼҪﳳܣ
˿鷬׼ϴϴͷ֪ϲжûϴһͷˮϴɾ
ͷշŽУˮ̱ĻǣϲʰĸɾˣҲۻ㣡
Լ˺һŻЪͷҲˣ˰Ѷ˳ݵӸͷ
.

ʮ£óȥ

ϲСӣһЦ˾ʮԺһǸӣôЦССͿеŰ塣
ͷһСһӿҲǺˣһûסһ£
û뵽Ϻһն䶼бļԵСǺˣ
㻳ѳ߬½ǣɬӣϲܵ㻳
Ц㿴ܵܲ˼ء
ЦЦø˼ˣ̧ͷˣһЦֻۣȷ
ϧÿÿԼûʲôӣеᣬе㲻ζ
ϲСӣ֣һ綼ԼͷӵмŮӵˣ
Ϊһܹһֱôгȥû뵽СãҲ²ʱ϶ʲôҪָʹȥɡ
⺰㶼ûӦǽ˳ȥ
ϲ˸ƣȻϸǸɵڽʲô
磬ĲûˣȻȥɽϿһɣа㾡ЩɵﻹżأҪǲɻðỤ̃Ǻ˵ġ
ֻøһȵ˵Ҫȥ񣬶Ҫ󻹲С
ѵȲ
ҲԣĸףܺõĶȥ϶Ҳûʲô֮⡣
ɺ޵Ȼû˵ӦɵûһȳһյҲȥ
һûȥ£ҲãԼȥȥ˱ھͳɡ
ĻȥˣߵϲȥǹԹԵĲҪ֣ҲҪȥ֪𣿡
ϲͷͬ˵ãȴ˵ԼҲֻһ仰ˣ˵ãҪȥ
Ҳ̧ͷֱ濴һۡ
òóţҪȥߣϲһŵϲһȥ߰ɣ
û˵ʲôϲһɫ̱мųףǵ˵ǳȥġ
.

ʮ£ͲǸ

ʲôֲԶϲͷһЩ֮ǰû⺢ô˵Ļ
Ǵڼﲻ䣬廹ûãΪ˲ȥϲҲþӣ˰뵽Ϊֹţ
ϲûаҵ׿ͻȻɫʡ
ȻˣΪͻȻôʣϲ֪Ŀ
ֻȻΪβҵĻ㲻ȥĲȥĻҵĻοҲֻȥһߣҲûô
⻰ϲ˰ΣЭðɣȻֻȥߣǾȥɡ
һĿ࣬ó̳һʹ࣬һеʮֲ⣬⺢Ӷȥ
͵ĺӣ͸ĺصİɣȫô£
Ĵϲ߳˼ţļҽһϣһС·£˳С·߾ܿ˼ҡ
ϸбҺӵĻЦϲĺһ˳Ѱ˹ȥ
߹ȥһĸӶڵ棬ΪʶԼ߹һ
ֻһԼĪ߰꣬кӴӵץ˰ͳϲȥ㶼꼰
ûüѵܺӣкЦǲ̫߶ˣûҰӾȻҳˡ
⵹ùô˵ģ˭˵ûģ˭ҵĺӣôûйأϽϲǸ
æѵкתΪϲĵϵ
ȻһǸСŮֿˣǴɽҲû˵ǱûûҰӣ˵ģΪʲôҪǸ
̣Ҳ֪ǸӣȻߴĻ
ϲۿˣ۾תǱŲޣˣһͻȻ׹ΪʲôӲ档
ƾ۸ҲûĸӵҺǽҾϲףǲô˵ǣǸģϽǵǸ
ܺӵҲ㣬¿ˮޣʲôˣȻҸҰӵǸ˵ҰǾǣôҾͲǸ
.

ʮ£Ϲ

ҲˣոҪÿǿˮˣ⺢ӲܹţýѵѵУ
־ȥץƺӣû뵽˳ôһɣȻͽ̾۸ˡ
㷴Ӧһ˼߳Ų̫̫ܺӵڵϱ̹
̫̫ΪԼıĴһ߹еʵҵĹ˭۸ˣ˵ô㱨𡣡
ãһĻ֪ܺӿ϶Ǳ̹߻ˣǷǺڰ׶ףҪ
ܺ˺ܣָݺݵ̣ŮңһˤϣˣҪʰ
̫̫һ㣺ף㲻Ǹϱô۸ұӸʲôô극׳ˣȻ۸Сӡ
ôӶʲô£ȳ˵ģҸûԼڵҵģ
󷽵վϲǰ¶䲻ʣ̫̫࿴ۡ
ƨҼҹôˣϣô˸һӽƽʲô˵仰ֲܱɵӣôͳˣ
˵ˣ㵹˵˵Ķˣ첻˵îߣ
ףûһĻ˵˼ɡ
һͷۣ˺úý˵ͨˣҲˣͲɶˡ
ӵ˵ҼϲûĺӣľͲˣվһĽǶȥһ룬ӹŮô˵᲻
ϣ㻹ԸˣֲģôǸʲôҰӣ˵ˣΪ·ĺӣȻӣ
̫̫ĵĿ㣬֮ǰҪҪӣӶֱˣĿ졣
һ̵˵һ飬ûӣֻҪϲǸǵ¿ˮ
ұѵһ£Լֱӵڵңֲֹһ˫۾СҲԱ߿ŵģֱӡ
ţ̣˴ɽ磬ϣ
ǰǰۿء
û뵽СôСȻϹˣǸдɽܺӵ⼸һġ
.

ʮ£߸֪

а֮Ա仰⵽ˣĸǵ߸Ժӵ֪
㻹ʲôýƱģѾѾǶ˵ӣܲܶ˵˰ɣߣСʲôҲҼҴɽǵͷǸ
ӵĻ̫̫˳ƾͼ־ȥֱ֮һģ
Ҫϲţ϶ҪôƵġ
ϲ¶֮ɫףǲҪţ̳˰ɡ
ĺѣƽûپһ𽲱лϵõĲˣͷҪ𱸣
ûϲֱڵϿɾĿͬʱ͵͵ϲʹɫ
ϲû˼ǵĵֱ£ףôˣû°ɣ
ʱĽǺܴģΪ۾涼ðˮˣܿ˽ַڡ
ôﵽҪĽţеĪ飡
װֱԼΧ˸ˡ
ѽⲻǸϱôˣҿɡ
⺢զô벻أܰɣͦһӣôǲأ
ߵߴߴ˵ͣ㲶׽ţ׼ܣ˳ץסԼһŮ˵½ǵλɩӸλţ̲Ҷ֡
仰ɹ˵ĿתƵţϣɫ̱Σмŭĵ㣡
ôһ°ţôأǲʲôᰡ
곤Ҫ£ץԼλʮĸˣίͰ͵˵ɣûҪܣǼôźӳߡ
û뵽ţ̵ӣſھ˵ϲûҰӣϲϸǣû뵽ţô
ţĲˣôҲܵӵô˵˼Ұ⺢ӷ˴Ķܰӡ
һô˵⸾̲ס˵ţӼ䣬㿴ŮѾˣ϶ܻλ˼ʱ飡
ţ֧֧˰죬ŵҲӰҼҴɽ˵ʲô׻ǸӣֱӶ𣿡
ûҴɽԼڵҵģţĶʹƵˣ
.

ʮһ£˵ò

һίǱǿƵţ̸˿ʱһţ̲ϵ˿ڽˡ
ƣ˵ţɽʲôúӣССһӻˮϴξƤŪҼҵ·ۿˡ
ɲǣҿɲҼӺˣϴλƭҼӵļȶԣǳ˻ϣ
⻰һЩԭܺӸô໵ӡǾͲŭˡ
˵ţԵҲЩ粵ǼֵҼҴɽ˵ˣѾѾлܲҲһ˵Ѱɣǿ˵ۿҴɽģ
ͷ˵ѵĺӣû׼ʲôǵĸĸվ˳
ѾѾ㵽ûпˣ˵ʵ
վĺǸѾѾŮĸףɫСŮиֳһ˿η塣
ǰӣʵѻ˵ˣϱûƴɽҲʲô˭Ҳ£
˵ǸֵŮˣģĶӻӴԼҲǱһҪֺܶࡣ
˴ɽ
ʵûƴɽ
ͬʱڣԴȴһ£һ֪й
ӣСŮ׵ܲѾѾʵ˵ûУŮӼҼǲ˵ѵģȻԺ޲ȥģ
ң˵㲻ҡСŮͻȻеʣ˵ʵᱻ
ҲʲôøףŮôܴأͻȻʶطŮ᲻أ
ݸߵԥһǵͷУ˵ɡ
Ůӿ˴ɽһۣܺţɽŭ𣺡ҽԺʲôóԵĺҾͶָˣ㽲
һǴɽвһ²׻СŮǰʵʵ˳λȷûƵţɽԼڵϵġ
⺢ӻͱһƴڱϣֻȻûΪʲôҪ˵ˣ㾹ȻѧˣƽʱôģȻѧˣ
ŮӱϾСԼôһƴվȣǰԵۺᣬίˡ
˵òҵġţɽôģȻʲôóԵĶǳԣǲŰѣ
СŮƶԼĸ׺ʧɣ˵һһף㲢ʲôϾԼ˵ѵġ
.

ʮ£

ֻ׵Ĺ̷ܽʽе㲻ԣΪһǲЩġ
СŮĸָıӴûеһԵľͰˣۼûΪ˿ڳԵȻֶ۵£
зԣóԵҲҳ԰ʲôܵţء
㡭ܱܵʲôСڳ壬һѾͷƬӣҸһڳԵĶ㶼õˣȻּۻۣ
˵ͻȻеᣬŮ갡ҲǸӣŮҴһСġ
ѾѾӲקĻ˼ңƻؼԺ󻹵ðͻȻ˵ζ⵽Ǹʲô磬ΪһںóԵģܵߵǷǺڰס
ϣǸŮ̸Լƾ˫ȥԷ
ǸӣŸ첲ʣۼûи㷹ԻûĶôҲһѡ
ûԼؿڵɽҵֵܣҲðŵ˵ָŮ˲죬ûʲôôΪʲôҪ
벻һСӾôʵˣż갡ֵܵġ
СĿ˳ۣǸﵹмֽӣקŻӵĶѵҲʲôðģʲôðģӵֵܣ㿴һ¼ĵܵ㶼ܣ
˼ϱеɵϡ
ѵӣλָЦǺǵ߹Ҫ㣬Ȼ⣬Ůˣûַ֮ġ
㱻֮ǰڵλ߶ţɽ̵ˣҲôɽ˼ҺӵǸ˰ɣҲø˼ϱǣ
ţɽԼһĲŲӰ첻ڣԱߵ˿ȥֿʼֹ
ţ»Ǹ
е˵ȥˡ
УϱⲻˣдͱһӼƽˣ
ǵĻţڵߵǰ˸ǣĶǲģ˵ڵĻҲ˼ڿ֮⡣
ɲӣϲͷҲͰˣţ̵ǸҪҪҼұϲҴɽ˵ǻʵˣ
ߣҾͲǸô죬ÿסҰӣȻлһŹǵġ
.

ʮ£

ܺţɽô˵źݻڳ˶ȵˣСӼҼҾȻ׺˿ôˡ
ֻһֱֹĳеĹչݺõ棺ɽ̣ô̺ӵ𣿶ϵģʲôŹŹҪɴͰȥĵطɣ
ǣ˭һڸסԺ󶼲ҪԼĺӺţɽˣǿ׵Ŷ
ȺУһʮŮ˿ֲ´󣬻һ·磬ǵӲҲ֪϶ţɽʲôڡ
ţû˵ˣæţɽϲϴ֪ʲôݣȻ˼ɵ
ƾʲôҪǵǸ˵ʵҾͲǸƾʲôһҰߣðߵŶԣ·ġ
ţɽ߻ˣǲǸţһҲоͷۣۺȰԼıӣ
㿴ɿڵˣȻţɽʼղϲǸǾˣֻ´ξԲ˵Ұӡ
С˵һûϵԺĺþˣԺǾͲˣ˵ǰɣ
ΪԼֹߣȻλҲţɽеͷۣԼһͷһӣ¸ӡպʲôҲ˼Ұæ
ȻԤϵǰ㣬ЩȨͷԼͶĿ⡣
˵Ƿ֮˶ɽûУ˼ϱǼƽˣȥԺúý̺̽ӣôˣ
ǡţɫܵγˮȻжвҲΣһΪҪҡ
ˣɢ˰ɣϱҲؼȥɣ
λ߽ȺɢԼҲ˼ңţӺ޺޵ĿһҲĻؼˡ
ϲһĵ֮ɫû°ɣոûˤۣ
ܿһۣߣһʵû£ղǹװǸƵģ֮֮
ϲһĲ⣬ǽͣ㿴ոǸţɽҲԼڵǲǣȻʰңҾͬķѧӣַھΪ𣿡
.

ʮ£

ƶǶĵͷҲżЩ飬ֻû뵽һγ߾Ȼ£ò˵ǸҲǸƷ
ϲ˵ϵǿۣһѡ
صѰ˼ȿˮɣû뵽ˮȥֱһ·˹ιڼɶأû¸Ұ·ϴ˰ɣһбҪȥ
߽Ͱ·һ㻹ͷϣվֲԼû֣Լ·Լϴֲרźӣ
ǳˣһбҪ㶫ܻǮãܱȹԸɷǿɣϴ·ίˣ
ΪԼʲôźǵģοֻ˳ϴ·ĻѣΪϱӦТ𣿡
籧ֱͱ˵˵ͣһͬҩζʮֵĻصͲӦТ˵ʲô
һûңûңҾҪϴ·ҲֲϴģŮȥϴŶ԰ɣһٱûóԣϴ·ȥɣ
Ҳˣץ·ȫӻȥϻ浱ǲèˡ
ùãǱˣ·ϴˣһԵϲ鲻վ·ҪϴϣǶ˲ҪҲҪ
ϴʲôϴûǵӣҲ̿˭·˭Լϴȥ
ʷһκǳϲȻϻǱȽ͵ģŵϲ
ֻ⺢һʱ֮ôԭز֪ôˣ㲻ô۸ģʹڿʼ
㡭㳤ǰɣ类
ƫƫ㲻´üǰôţҧҰʶȤĻϽѹȻҶ㲻
ôбһԣôʰ㡣
˫ֲһСģͬŮӣŮĵطĿԼĸڼҲû
ӣʰһӻ㲻Ļɫȹû˼ͦÿģ˺١ǻ۵İɣ
Ϊͻ·߲ϴû뵽˺б˺ʱҶ绹һµġ
ߣҪǸ˺ҵ·ǲ׷Źġ
.

ʮ£˭˭

жʱգǸ۵ӣĻһµģҲвͨ
ɴֱӽ·һӣˣòʧģ·ǲϴģ㲻߾ţҿ㵽ʱ򴩲
ˣҲᣬ˭˭
øҰ·ϴˣȻķͱָܳˣҲԼʲô£Ȼôң
¶ɫ¼ݻ֮߳ӣ·ԶһΪ·ϴġ
ֻ֪ʱǲأֵķּҲźã⼸ˮһһӣܹ˲Ź֣
Ĳϴ·ϲĵףҪȥЩ·ϴ˰ɣȻǾûзˡ
⻰עɹתƵϲϣϲʵףû֮ǰǲǾϴ·ԲŻֶӵģ
ǰҪǲϴϲȥϴɣûϵģҲۡ
ϲЦЦµۣϲҲϴ·׺˵Ǽʳԣ
ٿǵɫԷ£ŬȡԺԼ˫ӣ·ͷ⣬ڲµġ
ϲ߬ŵ·ùֱӵϣƵýеɵۡ
ӵСԴ̵ϲҪǵý£ҪǸѾѾлһΪ˵óԵĺľ͵ߵǷǺڰף
ԱȻҪҲܶʧԼӦеĹܿԼ˫ֳԱģͲҪˡ
ϲذ˼ˣԼؿڵ׽Ƿģȱˣͺ͵һǣʱʲôÿڼͺˣ
⻰һ£ͦĵģǼұɵÿ㳤󡣡
ĽԽԽã·ĸһǰѵϵ·˸һɶ
ܿ͵磬û׼Լ緹Ѿ˷ζžԼĶҲе
㱾ͷԣκ棬ˮıǶٶ֪н֮ǰ͸úԼúѧһ£
ںˣֻѧˣ׼óԼغõʱȴƳ鷬ŵָϽѶغãϣˡ
.

ʮ£Ƿʰ

ȵ߽ϵһ·̬֮еۣȻĲҰ·ϴˣһǳԣ
ЦЦ鷬Ʋϡ
޶ԣ侲ʼգⶼˣöӶ˰ɣҰ·ϴⷬǵģ
ӵͻȻ꣺ǺСأԳУ˵ϴͲϴϽ·ˡ
У㲻ϴ˻ϴģѾͷ㻹վһ߿ʲôϽҰ·ϴȥпɽǰɣ·㶼ϴȥ
ͷһתɫϲϴ·ȥķҲˣ
ʵȷûʲôģ鷬ˣû뵽Ȼһס
ϲվһ˻ֱ½ǣסԼ֣ܵܵϲϴϲֺۣԸ첻Էϴ·ˣ
⻹һηĻΪ̫ţǲģ㻹˸ޣ⺢Ӻġ
֮ǰ㽲ĻҲԾгԵİǰҲûһСرϲ־Բϵ˵Ѿܲˣ
ϲĻıǼһޣⷬҲû˵ԣΪ㲻ԷͲøɻˣǰôǸģ
ŶͲˣǲǷʰˣҹҽôʰСӣΪյĸǳûˣ
罫ϱҪץϲôɹץˣþͰƵһ߶
ҽ컹ҪˣôŰɣǲǣ
Ȼθߣü˼ֺ֮ɫƫƫǸ첻µزµģߣӾ׼޶ͷ
㾹ңҿôǣݰͰ͵ҲҶ֣ҽͷ޶˲ɣ
ڵǿԼ״̬϶Ǵ򲻹ģȡСø
Ҫ˹׼һϥϣмܻ۸ü죬۵ľԼˣ
ڸʲô磬ס֡׼һȥʱǰȴͻȻĺǳſڴ߽
.

ʮ£徻

ǸʲôҲĹôˣ
ץʣָܻԼĺϱˣҸǵ㶫ϴϴ·
ð˵ʲôϴˣĶܣô˵ϱðϳȥϲѾͷˣ
һۣ廹û
뻤ں˵ʲôάԵе԰
廹ûãûǰôŵģոջҪҴ˵ˣ岻ϲϴǳˣƫƫǲã
Ļ⵽ǿҵķϲİΪʲô졭
оͶĿ⣬Ҳ̧ͷĿһۣϲڶƵġ
ˣһϲɣϾҲСЩ·ϽûȥɣҲʲô£
Σųȥһ͸£ô˵á
ôһңҹĸãأһǳԸɷİҲ̫ƫ˰ɣ
粻ϰݣʮּ·Լίһ
Խͷͷǵ粻ԴǵֵЩſҪȴûʲôռĻ˵ڣһʱ֮Щ
ô˵ˣҲ˵еǰɣҲܣ·붼ϴˣȻٺúô¡
вȷһЭȻβûС
ֹûУ⼸·Լϴϴôˣ⻹û޾裬ҿպ˭СԸȢ㣬Ƣ壬Ժżĸܵ㰡
ҲǻȥˣԭĴǿӵϣԼ֪˵е㲻ԣûİ취ˡ
ȵͼӴ׵һԼֲ徻ˣͷúú̸̸ˣ
һôһȻŭգúúãھȻҲˣȢϱԼмûǰɣǸҵţٺúˡ
˵ϵ·ǱˣԶתƣҲųȥ죬ô͸ǻ
ӲԼ·ƾʲôϴֲô࣬ҲģҲϴ·ġ
.

ʮ£ô˵

ôģϲֶʲôˣ㻹֪һ㣬ҽ챾ȥһ棬֪ߵ˶˵ʲô
˵ϲСָϸ
ûϿ֣ʵ˶˵ʲôˣÿ첻ͳȥɻڶزʲôǲ֪ģ
ߣôڷܣҲûжã˿ɶ˵ϲǡ
㲻ϲǰἰҰӣûۣѹϲۿ㻹Ŀ
ͻȻ˵ԼŲǵߵϲǰ£ϲߵȥʲôˣ
ϲһ㣬ϸϸţ̼ҵĴɽ˵Һ͵ܵûҰӣǵǸû뵽ֱӵڵ˵
ѻ˹ȻһѾѾͿƵţɽƫ˵Ƶģţɽ̻Ƶأ
ӵĻѾסˣû뵽澹ȻֻҲѹҲһġ
ţɽ̾Ȼ㣬ͷϸһȷû֮԰
СԴο⵹ţɽǵĲˣôأţɽ߻ˣǼϲҪһƽϺ𣿡
һͷһһ佫ȫ˳Ǵ峤үүǣȻţɽҲûиǵǸԺˣΪ峤үүţ̻ȥúý̽
ԭǸͷǴ峤Ҳǲ֪ģѹ˵ǸӰӲĻ
Щѵվע⵽ӿȷ·𲻸һǳǿĴۣϵѪ˰ɡ
ҹ׬ӣ˺ӡҵĴô۸ӵģԺҿ϶עһЩģ
һĿ㣬һ̫⣺ǸǸҲеְɣ㶫ãϴ¾ϴ
㣬дǵõôûûаɣ˲ûеõʲôôΪʲôҪϴ·أ
ô˵ǡ˼뻹ǻҲ֪ôġ
.

ʮ£

ͷ˼ӣʲôԼúĥ˵ǲǺе׬Ǯûϵ
ûǮͲظЩ£ԼڳʱҵҲ׬ЩǮ׬Ǯ߬ģð
Ĭ˰Ҳû˵һ仰ȥ緹ˣ仰һҪ˵־Լһ˵̫˻ˡ
ԾʹգʱĥһԼո˵ĻɣʮеĻҲ˵رˣЩҲú˵ˣ
Ǹȣ·˰ɣоЪţαسǿȥ񡣡㵽׻ǹȣȻզΣ
ҲԵúΣҲȥ˭ȥӹǲãܸʲôػÿĸũܲ绹ȥɡ
νʼ磺ҾͿ԰ʹӹűҶã׳ʵ·Ƚ
ɼƽûòźöԣȻӹǲôãĬĬ̡
ſھͽӣȥҪôңǲǲТ
ʲôһĶ㲻û˹ܣ㲻˾Ͷ˵㲻Т
㶼ûţҲ֪ôڵģĸԼ֪˵ʲôǺˡ
Ĭͷ֪ʲôҡҡͷˣȥ緹ˣúЪŰɣ
Լǵһȥ˳˰һƾɵľ֮ûˣˮԱߵиˮͰܲǸɡ
Щʣ룬Ǹ趼ûжˣ̲ס̾˿ͷһЩ߻ؼң
в˵Ĳ˵ˣǲʹõԵʰɡ
ʱһȳһյָ˹û˵ЪţҸʲô
Ҫʲô費ҪҰæͷŽС㣬ΪխСһĵʮխ
˵ôӵģ趼ûУʲô棿ε̾˿ּ尾ʲôʱǸͷ
Ҫʲôûʲô²˳ģԵĻòҴ±ߣδҲ̫˰ɣ
һ£漴ԼҵĲ˰壺Ҫڲ˰Ϻɣ㲻еĻɡ
.

ʮ£ҩζ

˵߹ùеۣ˰ǰֲòеۣ
ֱֻ˰壬ɫ΢ЩΣ˰ûãôˣϴһðɡ
Ѿ˵ʲôˣվһ߶ϴ˰壬ȵϴɾ˰ֱӰ۵ڲ˰ϣȻˮͣ
͸վſţͻȻãǸ絹ǲôܣһڼ˯
ͳһţſڵаһ˻棡
òҲûôһǴ͵ʵ㲻ʲôΪı俴
ʵҲǵһκ棬֮ǰô͹ͦģһ㶼ֱõĻǳԡ
һţ۷һ뵽˰ϣһ¾ֻôһˣͷӦøպùһٵģ
ţϽɣͷܲζɣ
㻹е㵣ǣϴǹǳ뱣סκǱˣͷҲһ
УҪҸոչʱ򿴵ƷȥˣûһʱǻزģץʱһʱͷС
ɱ˻ǸӸأһŵζأ㻹ǲġ
Ľ͵ķҩζأԿܲŵζʱ˯ˣܴܲᷢͷ
ŷϸĿνһԲͷģҲ֪Ķ˳ͷϵ׺һ¡
ҲԾԾԣԼ಻ͷɳһ仨ģ׺ӣҲͦÿ
ȻմˣʱѾͷζźζʱӾ裬±Ⱥ˷֣
ŶûɹҲ˵һ˯һͷǱסˡ
˽ʰɾһۼͷȫϲͶˣͷˮ
һøͷСèӲɵЦ˰ɣ԰ɣСĵ̰
Ų̲̣õͷҧһڣ̵Ͷϲ£ȴͷµ
.

ʮһ£ö

óԣ̫óˣõĿͷ֮ǰǸһ
ԼеͷȥǸЩˮԣҪҭˣǱ߻кüأĸһˣ
Ҳͷʾ˵öԣһˮּ̻֮ʣϲûôԣҧһСȻϸʵģϸϸƷζͷζ
ע⵽ĳҲѿͷֹݵķŵȻҧһڣ㿴Ųġ
벻˳ǺĿģƽЩԷ죬رˣ
ףͷƯԸϲ𣿡ʢͷĸɾϲע⵽ԼǸ״ͷϲˡ
Ҳû㽫ֻ״ͷݸϲȻˣЩ԰ɣϲԺٸԣ
˵ͷͦģӳڸϾͱΪӲһЩ˵ǲģһҲɡ
ϲõǸ״ͷһֱ᲻óԵǰֵĿţͻȻһ뵽׬Ǯĺ÷ӣ
ڳԵеͷϲϲӵͷòÿϲϲ
ϲźÿҲ㣬ϲ᲻óԵ
ϲһӣЦû£˰ɣԺ׻Ưͷ˵
һԵоԼһ˵ȫûǹе뷨Լڵ׶Ժֳŵһǰúӿջϲһ
룬ʲô˵ֻԼӻˣ
õĳŵϲԵú˷ܣرǱ˵˫֣Ŷ̫ˣԺܾͷˡ
ϽҪ£꣬㣬ֻĸ֪ܸˣرǴԼǹùã֪˻ͷԵģ
ֱ˵Щź֪Ŀ˵ǵĻ֪Ҫôˡ
Լûʲô˾͸ϼţȻʲôöñߣر㻹С֮ǰ
ƺй˼ɣҲرǿƣܸŸɵˣԼҪǿپҪ
.

ʮ£춹

ͷҲԱˣԵе࣬һֱڴãоЩЦΣһͷ˸һɶ
ҲʲôԸɾҲʡ˱˷ֵĿܣһûųԱúƣҲûʲô飬ɵЪϢһ
棬Ҫ˯Ҳû˵ʲôԼһ߳˼
ϲﵹˣǳȥ˸ɻҲ£żҺͺһ㡣
ңϵô⣬Ĵˣܼʱֹ˶֣Ժڼң
ٷìҪ֣ûȰŵĻǳԿֻ㣬뻻ܹżһɡ
ι˵ǸȣʲôоҪҰѴһɣ
ԼЪһȻѯȵǸȷƽ˱ȽϺãĺİѴø
֪䣬ѾԼҵˣⴲģȻ˵Ѵøһᣡ
û뵽ô࣬һԼȵҲҪԼ˯ɣùҡ
˵ĺ˭һðȷƽˣûô۵ģ
̬ȲǺܺãʱҪװĵӡ
Ǻģ˵ȷƽˣȻȻԼûôˣ
֮ʱ˰ĶȹﶼֻǱǰݵƽˣȵһ鷳¡
㣬оϸȴһУ˿ֵӣ
ϸ룬˵Ще·ԲϴﻹϵţһЩТˡ
ϴ϶ǲ̫Ըģһʱ֪֮Ǻãֻһһˣ
εʱһͬˣͬһģʮŮˣĸŮ˶һײжˡ
˵ĵһ۸оͲǺˣԭϲ⼸˵Ƹŵվȥˣ
㵱ȻҲ˰֣ʲôĴӴվ׼⼸˺úñһΡ
ŮЩˣӷתŴô򵥵Ľ¡
.

ʮ£ϴ·

ǸʲôôλҲһˡһС°ˣ𣿡
ȵ߽ڣĶΣȴվıֱûа㺦ųӡ
ԭλӰҲ˵ˣ
վ򶨵Ĵλ沣λϴĵǺöˣλŻɫȹŮֻӣ
ҲԱߵŮἸ꣬ɼӹĲôһƣﵹӹˡ
ɷֻһ棬ǸСµˣÿֻ֪ͷɻʲôҲܣԼС鶼ƹܡ
ԼǾԼģɷҲʹ
һС£ϱ۸ҲС£Сӳˣʰ˻ֹ
Ҫеãһڱ۸ͷȥˣΪˣŮ˼ҵ£һ߶ȥ
ﵹǴ³־Ƶһȥϧ˿ξ˰ɣִھӻЦǵģ㲻Ժúý
˭̣ԼӺѣ֪Լʲô˵Լ̫ˡ
ǸӣĸĹϵˣôҵһˣʲôʸ˵£ȻҪ
Ͻһ߶ȥһĻûƼ˼Ƕб°Ҫ㻤ţ
һıƶһЩҪϵվʱЩۣͻվȡ
ϲȥԼתԼͻ˳ֻŸˣһʲô꼰ǡ
ߣʱ˻ĹСӣһô㵹ð·ϴΪʲôҼҵһˣ
Ҳ֪ô㣬ô˻ʲôͨģҼ绹֪ãʲôͻԡ
ָر˿ھӿЦһ㵹ҲЦŵҳʲôˣԼﲻǺ𣿺˼˵ң
.

ʮ£ɿ

ô˼б㻨ЩӻңͿˣǼСҲ˵ܶꡣ
ģ޷Ǿ۸ò뵽㶼еΪ˭ͦİ仰סպһҪߣ
вУлͲܺú˵һԺӾߣҲе㲻ζԾһЩ
һԵɿ㿴˵ʲôţĺǰһˣڶҺˣʱһأ
һۣ˵ûȻô죬Ǿ˵˵£ҷʲôʸã
ֲԶǲǣãȻΪСϴ·ί˰ֲǧС㣡
߬ȭͷ֪ôѻӹȥˣŮǧСˣ㶫ͭڹҿɲᡣ
Ʒ׬ǮһĿӿûùôǾûôϴ·бȥϴ·ʲô
˵׻ʲô¶벻ۻȫȥôӡ
ϱ·㲻ϴҲͰˣŵٸøϴϴɣҪźТŵģ֪𣿡
ִӿˣ̧Լֻᴵ˴ϲڵĳ԰ڵζԡ
Ҳ֪ĸӣû˵Ҳûô壺⻰˵ˣԼֽĸҪչ˺ðɣžͱ׳ʵ
ξǣʲôТϴ·ˣ׬ǮȫǴТ˰ɣҪôأ
û̫˼ҲûӻԼĵ治Ҳϴ·ǿңưܳʲôˣ
ǿйһ׬ͭһģοʲôѹûУǲУǻҪ
ͦȱӻˣӻţҺҲû˵ʲôҪôТ˳
Ŷǰϱô˵ɩ϶ǲȱӵˣĻȥҼҪ裿Ǹ͵ĺӣ֪ġ
.

ʮ£

׬Ӳ϶Ҳٲˣ㶼ʲôôӣο⻹ϴ׬ӡ
û뵽һĻˣͻȻһתôӻȥĶˣ⻰˼ˡ
һûĶͻȻЩֻǰɩӺôǮ㣬ͱ֪ˡ
Ҫ˵ɩҲе̰ͼˣͷûȫأ·Ҳϴ𣿡
˵ʲôҽһСӵģô˵ҵĲˣҲô꣬ôˣ
ǳȻתͷɩЦⲻ岻ҪҩȻĶܻôӣָˡ
۰պɩɻָһأҲϱҵˣպôһһء
ǰһԼҾõĶ˵ͳˣԼҾõþİͽţ
˼ǲӸģȻӺĹϵãǵ˵ĵˣԼˣʱλֵ̫õŮӡûôˡ
ԼҪӣڲٰŪԼϵӣɵӹǳôõҩڶûҪļ
ӵ˵ҩɴͱˣöûУģҩ̫ûˣ˭ҵϰ׵İ
ӣﲻˣҪӣǽǵȷ
ӵǻͷ˵Ǿ˵˵ϱɣŶģ˵Ҫôѵѵ
ѻǣϣ˻һЦ˳ŵǴɩе㲻ʶʱˣӶܲˣ˼Ҳѣһ¡
аϸӷͷٸͭ壬ɾǸָϵģʱһޣʣԼôŶ
վһҲúеʱֽŵǰȫָ˼أ˼Һ㣬ȻԺûΪվˡ
ɫ䣬ֲܸ˼ֻˣһԸģ˭֪˼ҽѵأ
.

ʮ£Ҫӻ

˵ĵȷʮе￿ɼػ׬ά˭ȥ
ֱӦŶ԰
ǵС£ŻҪŲţ㿴˼Ҷ濴Цˡ
ʾӻͷΪ£Ľַھȫ˳֣һָָ㣡
ڸľеԶҲûǽԼʲô
ˣɩϢ˰ɣ¾ô˰ɣҼﻹ£Ȼ
ӿԼĽַھӺ̾ҪؼңΪҲ˲ˣתȥ׷ӣ
ʣ¸ӿһҲһԵˣո˵Ƿ绹ָ׬ȹԼ֬ˮۡ
ҲҲͷĻ˸ڣھǼûϷԻԼңʱֱİ͡
վԭأ߹ȥƣӱҪԺʲô²ϾҪģԽԽôߵ۸㣡
ţǻȥɡ̧ͷһ㣬Ѹٵĵͷ棬в֪ʲô
ˣͲСˣסˡ
ҹ
Ǽ鷬ڲڶˣӳԱ֮û˯ˣ
ûҪ˯˼ߵǰһ£Ҫ˯ɣҺͺǼһǸȿɲܾš
ȻͦģƽʱҲˣϻˣ㲢Ϊһ˯
ҡҡͷãȥ˯ҹȰˣ˯濸סġ
ƺߺе޾ɣҲ֪ôˡ
Ҳ֪˵ʲôȻ֪ҹˣⲻֻһŴһųͺðˣ
û£Ҳ䣬ȥ˯ɣҪӻ䵫ǼԼͽһ
ʵİ취УһŴ˼һеģ⻰㲻˵ڣˡ
һ´һɣģҾԲôġ
УҲôɣҲ֪ôģ֪ú˯ϣѵͲ
.

ʮ£ղ

ҿǰ׳ôӣôԼûУô㸸׵ĻȥĻǲҲȥ
ɸֵѹɵȢϱˣĸĸԣ˭Ը
οźСӣһΪĹҲκô
ƿԣ˺ðŽһ仰ǣ̫ûˣʱίˣܹӻ߱߰ɡ
ϲǱĸѾǲףֻҪܳ˾ͺˣֻǰ㶳㲻ʲô¡
㻹ľɵҲô뷨ˣҲˣôɣ
ʱҲ֪˵ʲôǺãط˼ƺȫУܲ˵ģǸϽܹ뿪ɡ
ԵĻ㵹ԸӴߣʡĻҪƵطԾͷԴԺ˱һˣҲùµ
֪뷨ҲΪֲˣԼĶ˵
ϵʹԼĲܺӼһˣ㻹ʵ¡
ȵ˯ԺԼȥһǵ
ĥһԼ׬ӻѾ⣬Ȼ۾˯˹ȥһ죬ϻ˵
ޱƣʮӣԼҪò׬أ
һ˯ĸϸǵޱĸůҲо˿˿ˡ
һ˯ȻѣŷԼȻĻŵͻȻȻʶ鿴ԼǷ
Ҳ֪ʲôϴģȻ˿ûв·ϣ
û˯ѣɫףʮֲԾȥͷ¶ȡ
һĶͷ͸о¶ȹˣʮŽӽʮȣڸյķΧˣ
һʱּ֪͸ȥˣصãˣҲ֪ϵǸʲô
뵽һ־ȥ·ȿ˿ûж񻯣˵һʱӦòᣬ˭֪᲻ôùأ
ϰ˿ڵĲʱֲõԤУ֪ʲôʱԼñĲ°һ£֮ϵĲָǼ
.

ʮ£ɻû

ڵĲѾѪȾ죬ɫ㱾⿪һ˿ڣȴֲ˿ڲճ
һʱ֮㲻֪νŪô϶ۣһᵼ˿ٴγѪҲûİ취
ɵӣҪ˯Ѳ⿪ͺˣҲŲһˣЩյһԼĶͷ
侲˼һ¾ȥүҪЩֹѪ׵ĲҩҩûӣææŵİԼǵӶϣ˲ԼҵҪţ
ǡʱϲ˹żܣΪдܣȥ
ͣסŲͷһҵϲ岻ȥүԹԿһ㣬Һܿͻ
˵ϲע⵽Լڴϣ˹ȥ˲ô࣬ԼҪߣ
ͳͿ㲽ߣҲΪҪܣǼ׷ȥסĸ첲
еһɴԼ󳶣벻֮ûվסͷһûļ˵ʲô
ſھ˵ͣһĸʲôȥܰɣأܲסǰɣҸ㣬ҵӻܣ
˭ҪˣϽ֣岻Ҫȥү
ƿȴץԼȫѲҲ˵Ļ
㵱Сôúֲ֪ˮĶſ϶Ҫܵġ
ΪԼĸ첲ǲſĵںĿţҲ˵ȰһȰ
ޱۣɴԼȥ֪ˣ㻹ļӡ
ͷӣȥȥʡˣܵˣ
ָԼɷȥֻĬԵرȥˣԼץ㲻ţ͸оˡ
˵˱𲻱ŤҺһôϲʲô¶㲻Ǹøߵ𣿡
ݺݵһۣĺˣҵӲǰ׻ˣɻûԣҿҸɻ
.

ʮ£˿ڸȾ

˸ãʮòģҲȺˡ
һȻǲܵģòػһΣȥʲôӵء
㡭ܣҼҵţ˵㣬ߣ
Ȼһɷ߹ɫЩأȷǲԾ˶ڷȣҲвˡ
ڿԷſȥү˰ɣﲻһ˦֣Լ̧žȥ
ǲ֪үסĶֲû죬ұһ±ˣ
ʱǱ˳ŸɻʱҲˣ߳Ƽӵ˼֣˼һһװˮľͰ
㣬ͣⲻϱһɶȥ
㿴ӣҲڲ²ԼǲҪܣ޶⣬Ҳͻص岻Ҫȥү֪үĶ𣿡
˵ҴȥҷһˮͰｫˮͰൽԼԺ˲־ȥүҡ
˳Լŵ·һֱߣչ͵үңҷӵǱҴҺúܶ࣬ԺŲɹҩĵĿӣ
һүҾˣһŶӣһ˲ţˣһү
ųţһ۾ܿڸʲôԼҲбӵ˼ڰɣһĿţҲ˵ʲôл
˲ô࣬˵˼ȥú
ǲϱôôأ󵽶־ܵǰͷȥˣ
Ҳʲô°ɡ
㲻ôֹȵү˰̵үˣЩֹѪҩҡһȥɣ
ʵǲүֵģ˼ҵҩֲ˼ҿƺô˵ȥֻһˡ
˵ôˣĻҪֹѪ׵ҩģүȰѸ˴˲ŻĻҲûеһʱȥʰҩĸ㡣
С˵ȣͷڷգжвѣȥɣ
򵥵һľү֮û˵ȥһЩõŵҩġ
.

ʮ£

ʣµ˼үҪ̲̫ˣүҪȥҲøȿ˲ȥⶼŰˣô˵߾أ
ûҪȥܾûˣĴ£ǾͲˡ
Ҫ˵үлȨΨһУô˵ʣµҲö˵ʲôˮպиͷȵĻȥ𴦿
ǶòʧֻĿˮһͬ뿪
ﵹҲ֣ͦү֮һֱҲ˲ôֱӸˡ
ص㿴ĴǰɷվһԹۣүҲ
ȻүҲ˲ϴ޶ˣͳŴ߱ȥ
ѽôŪˣӺ˿ڶһˣӲ۵İ
һƣүҲ̲סеͷۣ漴ֺǳҲǵģ˳ԴϢģôƲӣ
ûô࣬˵ģǶԸ⣬ֻôݲݰ¡
еүһ׹Ҳ˵ʲôͷѰ˼ôѲ˿ȡ
ǿаѲԲУһ˿ھѪ߳Ҫǿ˺ѪҲˡ
аӲ˺ϱʲôð취үˣ
شһŵʲô÷ӣҪ˵δ̫ƵˣֶʶһļѾͷʲô£а취ǲˡ
һ˵үע⵽ӣһ˶Ļڱû¾ȳȥɣС˶ŲŵĵطûС
ͻȻеһԹ۵Ķү˵ϾǸһռ˵ĵط
ﻹ治⣬ק˳ȥΪүڣﶼ⿴֣ʲôҲû˵ԹԵˣ
ԶŽԼе뷨ڣͷү׵ҩĸҡ
ҪŵùңҾа취ϵĲŪҾܵٳѪ
үŰɵĽԼõҩĵݸ㣬֮ǰôҽԲϵ˵ġ
.

ʮһ£Ѫȳ

ֻӹҩȥү󣬿ʲôϷֻǼЩˮ
үȻ㵽ʲô취ǰǲῪһԼἸʮСѾͷģҲү⿴š
ˮ֮̽ˮʢľУ׵ҩһѽȥȵľҩ˺һ֮ٵİЩҩˮŪ
һԿŵү̲סˣɻʵҪʲô
ȡõϣ֪ҪʲôˡͷһۣүʵͦãԽе
ȵˮ̶֮ľߣС̧̧˫һЩҩˮϵĲȥ
һĻү͵һĴȣ׹ԭˮʪЩӶòһЩͱȽϺȡǰɡ
ͷǰҿɲͨˮЩҩܻһЩ
ǣҩܱ˿ãһˮͲһˡ
벻㾹ȻеСģүǲ࿴ۣɲһ˼ҵĹﰡ
ȵϰŵĲȫʪ͸үҪȡ㻹ͦүһͷ᲻еء
ûȡʱֻǺģɫҲһ棬Ⲽȡ˿ںܴٻǳѪ
״æӸ˳ȥôѪȵĳӻǲҪˡ
ȡˣȥֹѪҩɣͷŵһֽȥҩĶһЩ
ùȴүֹҼһƿϺõĽҩֹѪЧҲͦãͻȥһùٸҩɣ
ҲûүԼеһүҾͲүˣ㲻ʲô°ɡ
ûͷʧҡҡͷ˿ڲİ˵ŲҿҪӣ˵˴үֻӵ
ҪԼŰɣǽҩ͵ͷó°ɡ
øҪģԼģү°ɣ
үҪ㻹ҪȻһ⣬Ӹոļүǹһ˵ģ˼ҾͿ˿㲡˵ܸҪġ
.

ʮ£ɨ

ͷʮ־ǿһ־ǲգͷһȱ˶ҪβҲ˵٣
׵ģ˭ҸҩѾҵԵĺȵģȱԲȱĶôȱǮܲҪľͲˣԼŰɡ
Լƽյ磬үʮֽģһֻȸһ˳ȥ
һЦүͦ˼ģ
ȻҪ㽫ϵӶպˣ˯ţüͷ΢΢˯ʮֲ
үȽҲͦһһƴСƿҿƿҩɫҩϣ
ƺоʲôȻҪԼȣ㼰ʱס
үҩϻʹаɣԽԽʹԼȫ˫ȣ
Ȼϣүͷеǻеۣһ̾ͺˣɰסˡ
Ŷ㿴үҩôһƿҩûвõӣҩۼסȫĴС˿ڡ
ҩү㣺ֻôţٰ֪Ϣ˿ڳþûˣѾͷҲ
ӣҲþô˰ʵ˵˲еİɣе˽س
ҡҡͷɫЩΣȷеģȥɽ֮ǰˣ˵úϢһ죬ȥȥ
ҲϹ֣˻ҪȥһҲǣʲôȥɣ
үЩĺǳһ䣬ĻΣҪ˵һе㲻ǶһҲö˵ʲô
ϸ룬үҳȥֱ֮ңˣľȻڼУҲ˵һ¡
үվҵԺﺰһһеʵүۼˣòҪӵİɣ
ô죿ҪҪ϶ǲܵģǵҵиʲôȿô죡
֪£ҲûסСˡ㣬ҧгݵӿɼж
ֻ֪һͼӴף˵ǲǾǸɨǣԴȢһֱûùǺϣȣ
.

ʮ£

ҪǾǶʮӴˮƯյǸͰϳȥˣҸӶû赽
Ƕ֮ǣתͷ磬ﶼεɫ簡һӾˣպһü޸ǮƵ˼ң
ʱҲͽǣǳ԰ڵӣһӣɷһ̥ģ輸ӶʵС
ĸŮһ˼뵽ԼԺ޸ǮƵ˼ҹҫ棬̲סİɣŮ϶޸˼ҵģ
Ҫ˵Ȼȴǰ͹ʮְˣ̫ͨˣﶼûʲôõŴ
ÿ춼֬Ĩ۵ģҲûԼòһ¥֪ʸ֦뷨治˵ʲôҲЦģ
Ҫ˵үҲƢԼҲӳԼߵյǰʹ
ˣ˭ͷҼҵˡôĶҲٶţװģ䣬߹ȥţ
ү֪ʣϣ簡զˣǶ˰ɣ
үûɫûĵ㻹֪һҹҪ˵仰ģĵûʲô£
ʲô;˵ɡүҪӵӣﰵһֻҪҪӣʲôҪæԡ
ҲˣԴϢϱô˿϶Լչ˲пնȥ㣬ŪʲôҲҪżȥɣ
үһ࣬ʵǾ仰ص㣬Ҫ˵Ҳ̫̱ˣ˶֪ǸТӣȴ֪ͷᡣ
ү⻰˼ɫЩǰҿʲôˣˣôɻȥͷİɣ
УҾȻȥˣ˵ҿء˵ʲôүǲ˵ʲôбµĻͱĻ
аߣﻶүԶһѹԼҵļţŲȥչ
ϱչԼźһӵģ
үߺ㰲οԼǴδԼӣŻˣվһ԰첻
.

ʮ£ֹ

úӵ飬͵͵˼鷬϶ҲģԼԸȥ㻹ȥˡ
鿾õķָϲƼۣžһЩӣ
Լϵĺڻĵǰȥ˲ˣڸоôǲǺܣ
ҵôôۣҪȴԼȫİ˳
Լϵҩʱƺ׹ʲôˣոү˰
ǰҩԸϵģԴϢҪµˣǲ֪˿ڸõĲһˣ˺ô󾢲ȡ
һʱ佫ү˵ȥɻүô˵ܸ˰ɣ
Լ壬ſڱʣүҩ𣿡
Ȼˣֲգ㻹ǵһԼɣû˻׬ҪûǾʲôûˡ
ѵʱûյգеɵһʲô壬ʲôӡ
ֱԼͷϣ˿мǷϵƣүǸˣϴҩûҪӣʵʱҲ
˼ԼɽҩɹҩʲôĲףϴθҩʱǷҪѺǷģȻͷԣҪٸġ
û£˶׬ЩӣҩǮٸˣ˵ⲻʲô⣬ֻҪӣЩС̾ӭж⣡
ԼյܣҲû˵ʲôˮЪţȤ½Ϣ
ԴȥԺ棬֪طСʲôߣʲôҲûУֻʲôġ
ò¶ȸ˲٣㲻ʲôɹɹ̫ҲǺõģվһ߿ӶڵСľʱʱͷҪһۣ
㱻ůůɹЩʱȴϸ΢죬ŤͷһԼѾҪ´ӡ
߹ȥʲôү˵ҪԴϢˣҶ
°ƱӸţ¶棬ƺʲô֮ץűֹģ
.

ʮ£

ҲߣһЩʣôˣ
ҡֻȥé޶ѡɫΣһ֮ҲʮΣ
ǡҪһ£㸽ûʲôһ£
ܲȥéްɣ붼ʮΣԼҲԸģ
ͷҡҡûʲôѣԼȥɣûϵġ
ˣҷȥɣ
ҲһΣǼָˣҲûʲôϵȽϺõѣֻˡ
ҲǴִģʵûʲôεģ֮ǰʱÿĲÿĶʲôεģ͵Ĳ˰ɣ
ôﰲοԼһһıŤԼȷ̫ߣֻߵéޡ
νéޣȷǸéݴСݣһζ֣㻨˺ðŽĲ
éԱߣվ߶ʱƼ˾Ȼ˶ӣϱޱӣ
㶢ԼĶӸǺҪѪһоڣһƿĿ⡣
ϣоԼеһݸʵϻͦصģ˵
ʵģĥ׬Ǯƣ뵽Լļװӻûתͷ֪˭ʯĥҪǸô
ϸ룺峤ҵиģҪ¿ӻţɽиСʯĥĥҪࡣ
ɽ˭Ķ㲻֪˵˭
شϲȵףɽǴ󻢵ĵոǼǸɽϱҪӣ
ôһ˵үߵĻô˵õȥˣҲ֪˼ҿϲϽá
ôӣӦǸˣ˵Ҳȫûܽ費ģ
ҪʯĥʲôͻȻ˵
ﲻǻиף׼ĥۡ
Լļƻ᲻᲻ͬ⣬ûȫ˵ŶҲԣĥԼųԣôûֱۣǸװӹ˶٣
Ȼ˶Ϊʲô߲ôأҾˡ
.

ʮ£

ԭ㡱ļСԵĶǷʹгͷҲǽмζѣ
Ŀ㣬һĲڣ㡭ôҸɶ
ͻȻԼôֱΪʲô⣬ԭˣôⶼ֪أ
϶ĶԾˣȴҲκɽġ
ߵ˲ԭ޷ֻһĥ̫֣ĥ̫ϸˣ𤣬ճɤӣҳԲͻ壡
Ȼʵ֣Ҳûֱôֻ֪һ˫۾Ųײɻ㡣
Լϸͷܺó԰ҲԲ壬ҿζأڲͬˣǲԵҾͦϲ
ŴԼոǸɻ֮ģֻ˵Լͷ˵ǰСʱżԹ
ôһ˵ͻɻ㣺ԭôһ°Ȼ㰮ǸͽɽҵʯĥĥЩɡ
ģͷҪͷеĻܱȥ˸ɻҪðɣ
㽫Լе뷨˵˳ͬͬ⣬ԼҪһԡ
ûôףҲ˭ҶܳԵͷģͷĶȥˣʲôصʤǣ
ȻıֲǺͬСܵߣϲصҾÿУԺͷԼԶپжˣ
ϲæѵܵԼߣǳ⣺Ҫ飬㻹С²ܣߣǼȥ
ȵߵԺ˵˭˵ûصģǾͷ㶼Ŀ϶Ҳóԣĥǳͺˡ
۱ϸɱҪͣζĺ˿϶ȱ򣬶Ĳ˵׬Щͭģ
ģӶڻԼСʱԹͷָͷҪ˰ԣСϲͳɡ
ȻͻŴǸԼһĶв۸ĸĺӣԿ϶ǲȥ
Ǿһ԰ɣԼǸͷͲ˵׼С
.

ʮ£

һѪڵӣҲֱӸˮԼһԣеĻȻõģ
ȻǸͷǺɵģֻܶͷ˾ϡ棬˵׼Ҳһȥʡ
ϾȥʯĥȥˣҪһ㣬֪
ȻĶĳ˵׬Ǯǻð͵͵
˵ģȻӦ²֪
ô£ϸ룬ֻȱһҪʵ˵֮ǰǼöǴĶģ˭ӵ𣿡
ӾɽϵҰ棬ʱ˭ҶժȥһЩɸ棬Ǽ쿳ʱ򿴵ģ˳־ժˡ
ҪĻҺһЩ˾ɽһңӦûҵһЩģٲоֻܴӱһЩˣ
֪ҪЩͷǿϧҰӳʱûȥժԼȻûеģɽϾ㻹У϶Ҳࡣ
Ǿͳɣϰѻҵʯĥ˵ĲżӵԴûˣ۾һռ
Լĥһ֪û˯ţֱӿ˵ȻҪҸĸǣǾֻҹͷˣһø֮ǰȥ
еѰˣͷͷĻζƮȥȻѱζҹܹ
˫ۣûԼе㼱û˼ȫ
ǵʱһ£Ӧû⣡ΪͷۣһŶԣʱԼ취ɡ
Уϳҹɫ˻ļſڣϸһﻹץżͭ壬û취ҪǻӵĵﲻԸʯĥãǾͿͭваɣ
ţ洫һ˵˭ѽô˻š
˵ĸǻɷɣҲеɽ̧ͷһϵʱӦòɣ
һֱ˭ţǲһһ仰ٱ֮˿ˣתԼϵǲҪ¶ˡ
ֱԽԽŵĺ棬ڣɽɣҡϱǸôˣǣܿ𣿡
.

ʮ£Ͷ·

ڴϱϵզˣ˭ôҲ˵
˵ĹѾŴ򿪣ǿ˻һۣ·Ķ̫룬ǶѾ˯ˡ
㲻˼ЦЦˣҾǽʯĥһãеװĥ棬˵ǼиСʯĥһá
ⲻ˵ʯĥڼﶼҲûãȻϱҪãǾøɣ
еɽ˵ˣȴƺе㲻ԸҲ˵ȥ˾ôվſڡ
ϽԼеͭȥʵڲ˼ˣ⼸ͭҵһ⣬ɩŰɣ
ϣϱǸɶ׵Ľʯĥûɶͭ尡ӻӣǮջȥɡ
ͭ￴ܳӡ
ܰҶǣͱҿˣŰɣ㲢ûлһ仰ջͭ壬֪óһЩǽ費ʯĥġ
ƳɷɽʹɫװûпҲѣͭЦŵҾͲˣ͸ʯĥȥһɣ
ˣҾɩӰɣڼﻹҪչأҲ̫ܵʱ䡣
˻Ҳö˵ʲôתͷԼɷȥʯĥóɣϱ˵仰
ɷͷתȥʯĥ㻹ø˵£ɩӰҽʯĥܰұ𣿡
һ⣺Ϊʲô㲻ĥĻ֪ˣ
ЦЦмֿɬ֮⣺ŲָʳһĿڳʲôȻһߡ
ǰұǰԼļױˣŻ˵׻ҪǷˣҲסɩӸұܣ
ױ˰ŰУɩˡױˣﲻȣҲǸŮˣ֪ױԼ˵жҪ
ɼ汻ƵͶ·ˣҹӰӿмֿҲеۣ
һңԼߣﻹиǿƲţСԼҲʲôʡ͵ĵƣһӦô˿϶ۡ
.

ʮ£

ɷѾʯĥлǾлɩˣʯĥҹһһʱ仹㣡
ʲôԼȥ·һ㣬ʯĥеģ·ʱע£ˤˡ
ǺʵļҲ֪ǹԼԼʯĥˤˡ
ӹʯĥʱ㻹óأӿٶȥ°ϸ첲Ųס˼ʯĥӵϣ
ǵ˼ңʯĥѾ۵廹ǲУô·ǶЩܲˡ
صʱϲѾ˯ţԹڴϣ̾ͳ
ӣſڵۻ˰ɣ廹ţЪɡ
ͷ˸ط֮оʯĥʱӦöѾ˯ˣѷŹغãȻø׳һԣ
ҹҪĥףȰ˵ȱĥ˰ɣˣ˯ĥҲ
ͷҡ˹ģɫһ棬ݵĹ֣ŻͦɰģˣҾҪĥҪǰ챻÷֣ǲˡ
Ͳ˯ˣ˫ִӴ̫㰾ҹĥۣ
˯ˣҲ£ɶԼ˯ɣԼŪ
㽫͵ĸһЩ̫ҲǻעĿ׬ӣôôأ
ʲôҪ͵ðҹĥۣ컹һ
ĬһСıӰͻȻҪҰɣҪһЩģĥף㸺׾С
˵Ҫ´ȴסʡ°ɣԼԵģ˿ڲŲѪʵȥɣиʲôүùˡ
ְشϣ˳㻹ѱϣȻԼĥ۵飡
ȽһһȻŽʯĥ˾ͿĥˣֱһװӣȻŽʯĥֶĥ
׹ЩʱˣʮּӲһװӾ;Լеۣ
ҪĥˣƵתʯĥȴͻȻ˵еģתٶ̫һʱҲ벻ۡ
.

ʮ£չϸ΢

ͻȻеǷϣ֮ӿٶתʯĥѣҷ죬ת˰ʱʯĥڳɹתۣ
ǰ۵ĹǺָ첲ĲУЪţװӣŵʯĥмĥ
ܿ쵽°ҹ̲ס˴ԼұۣоֲԼһȥĥ
УҸʲôֱ۳
˼ţȴͻȻһ£ֱŵһ£Ťͷͷһ˵ǣͻȻʲôһô˯Լˣ
æվشϣܿҪԼ֣ѾǺҹˣĥһɣ첲Ҳ˰ɣ
ȥ˯һϢһ첻ȥɻҲ˯һĥһҹĸ첲ͻܣһ˰ҹɡ
ȡ
ƽ϶ϲصľʹӦˣֵȷۺᣬ˭ȾڣҪúأ
û£㿴ԼվҲʲô¶û̫ˣֲǽˣڴһҾÿɼ尾ˣ
ŲشϣԼߵԭĵطôˣ
ĥҲٺƽϣԼɵϢһλϻ¡
ͻȻ뵽£һߵǰͳĶͷȥţ¶ûôˣ
㻹Ƕ·ɣҹﱾ䣬㻹Ǹմӱġ
ô˵Ѿƽﻻϴ·øûпоԼϡ
ЩŰĵȥϢȴһ㶵ӣֱһӴֱӴͷ¶ȣ
Żعͷ̲סͷһ㣬ȴı˫ۣȻ˯ˡ
ɫѾ澲ĵģûУ֪ʱ࣬ȴž룬ΨһıӴ󲿷ֶԼϣ
Ͼֻһ߽ǣҲ䣬˯ĺܳʱͻȻʵͦÿıԴ԰׵ı
һԽüƽ֮Ƥ˵㣬̫¸ɻɹģǶƴӵĻǲôģ
.

ʮһ£ı

һһȺ鲻ãɫҲһ۶࿴ƫƫ˯ڴ࣬ǰڻ
ŪѵĻ²˴Լ棬ԥĽһãҪ´
΢һ£һɫ̫˵ĬĬŲһ£´
Ьӻûã㿴ϻʯĥЬæǰȥһʢķѾ඼ˡ
·ŵװҲһ룬ʣµòһȫĥ棡
ôĴָԼʳָһһ£ָ˳ûرԵĿУû뵽ôһϾĥô
һ°ҹڲͣĥͷֱ˫˯ȥˣ
뿪˯ûжãҲûٴǰʣµװԼֱǻҵʯĥ̫ø㰡
ûطܲصһ˿϶ܲ²⵽ʯĥĥʲôģ
ʵû취ĻֻܲϲСˣ࣬῿˯ĵطĵطȫĵط
ڻû˯ѣҲǣһˣݵӽԼͷ࣡
Լָһ㶼ã򵥵¶˳쾱ûϸԼǸʲôӡ
ûоӣˮˮҲղĵӰûϴϴ·ԼЩˣ
Ÿһ磬ѾԼҪ鰲ŵ
ȵϲһʱʯĥƲϷŵСȻõݸסֻҪͲᷢʯĥ
緹ԽԽԲⶫˣǰżԸģͦԶ˾͸ˣþıһˡ
ӻʰһ£ǻ·֮Ҫϴ·ˣָսӴˮоһ䣬ǿ·
·һݽˮﻹ˵ôһˮ̱Ļǣ峺ˮϾͳںһƬ
ͺˣҲ֪ϵ·ûϴˣ˵ҲӦðϲǾϴ·ģ
ϲŵܾܵߣֶϲΨΨŵŵףҪϴɣˮ䣬ֶˡ
.

ʮ£Ļ

־ݵֻʣͷˣһ쿴ӵңֱӣ
ãֲҲˣϲƽʱǶϴ·𣿸ϴʱûѵܵܺһϴһ£
ҧţ·ϵûʲôǳͺܶ࣬Ҫϴüܳϴɾ
һͷ۰ˮҪشüˣҪۻˣ
ϲȻеָ˭ڷĿһ۲Żص̺ùòϴԼ͵ܵܵ·˵ϴ·˷ˮ
ȻԴǽֹţҪ˵Ҳ֪ӺãҲĻ
˾Եʮ־ᣬҲ֪˵ĶԺǺûǲãһ˾ȻôĻδԵ̫ͷˡ
źӵҲ߶ʲôԼ·ϴһ֮ͰҪȥӱߴˮϲ̫Ըȥ
֮ǰȥԼһҲĻҲ˼һ·ߣ·ӣͷһƬ
һ·ҲûʲôˣҲãʡʶĲʶĻôк
ټĺԼǰӿ˲߹ȥƼվһӣҲûϣֻŴԼˮ
ⲢǸע⵽ֻ֮жʮһץסֱۡ
˭ץʲô֪Ůб𣿿㻹Ǹ
㱻çײٶһҲ˭ŭ
ɻĴ㣺㰡㲻ʶ˭簡Щûˣô
Ҳʶ㣬ȷſңĪҪñ˿ȥʲôֵĺ䵭һֻÿ֣Լ΢ľͰҪߡ
û뵽˻ûûˣֻһקס㲻ߣֱӽˮͰӵϣˮ·ˣ
㻹ੲݵôܲʶأǲǻԺ󲻸ŮֻĻỹ𣿡
ḡıŭ㣬һѽḡĳƵڵأ񾭲ɣ֪Ѿзҵˣ
ʶ𣿹ǸĻᣬٸŲҴȣ
.

ʮ£һ

ḡץס㻰еص㣬ŵʵзˣʲôʱ£㲻˵ϲңȢ
㰡˭ˣϸң簡ôˣŶûôͳ˱˵أ
ḡһһеͦȣĪе飬֮ǰǸòʲôɸ˵Ĺϵɡ
ϾĻֻ˶׾ٵô˵˵ȷûʲôӡ
ͷ˺ܾãԺʲôץס
һǲӣͻȻ˸ƻ
÷ĺѰôһ°ôͼĹͳ˱˼ҵӣ
ḡһĹ֮ɫһ˫һȴϵ¶㿴һ飬Ŀ⿴ˡ
˵÷÷һͨũҹ÷Ҳĸׯںӣôʶһ
㲢ûΪ仰Ͷ˷½ģ侲˼Ժ˵Ļ⣬ɲܼȥˮʲôģĲ̫á
ׯںҲʶְҸĸɶͨׯںôǲҵĻأ侲ĻḡɫԵһ㲻Ȼ
ɵŮʲôʱôˣȻˣһֱ޸ԼȻˣе˼ˣ
ļǲ˭ұ־룬˿ˣһ϶ѻ鸾˴ʲôлɡ
ĿһȻԼˮͰ׼ؼҡ
Ц˵Ծ˵㻹±˴ҵл˵Ⱦİɣ֮ǰܰƨɺ棬۰Ͱ͵ĵҿһ
ɹ仰ŭŭ忴һûԼ̧žߣͬʱѰԺйļ䡣
˵ĳ໹Ϸĸ֣Ͷͦһ㣬еϣһ˫һ۵Ǹ˵𵽵㾦֮ʣ
಻ľôߣĵץĸ첲߰ôղѵͲҿء
˵űӾ㾱俿ȥȻᣬ˵ƶʱԵޱ̧ž͸һţʱԼȹͷѿһ
.

ʮ£ʡ͵ĵ

ȥΪᱡͻȻЩԭ֮ǰĺǸʲôɣ
˹ǿһ۾֪Ǹʡ͵ĵƣ֮ǰĺйʲôɸ˵Ĺϵʱ򱻱֪Ҫ
ô㶼ˣҲ֪Լǵ˼Ѫùǻ˼ӵĵ£ȻػһǺõģ⴦Ҳ̫˰ɣ
һӾ͹ԼԸˣڻϵ׵ˣҪǱ֪϶Ĺġ
ֻʵӻؼϴ·ʱҲԵЩĲɣҲǶϴĸɸɾĻɨɨأ˲ʲôģ
Ķɨһ飬ջʱǻܶ
ʱƼԼļұɨĸɸɾȴԼӵӰ֣֪ȥ
ʱɽϣһúܰǴ׳ǰժӣϵûժö֦֮ϾͱɹˣѾժ˲١
ȫ·ţһϵҲʮ㻹Ǵҵ˲٣ϲͬ·żʮӣ
һ۲ĿţϲûõܵܳԣΪҪģԶ᲻ˡ
ۿŵ磬ԽһϲǻȥɣǵӦÿҪˣǻҪؼ緹أ
õģסϲǣָܵܵߣ䣬һЩľûѿ
ڻȥ·Ĵһ£Ż᲻ҰҰʲôģȻûУֻܴһЩӻؼң
ɽûؼ㿪űƼҪ´߶æʵȥĶˣһ˯˶ڡ
ץһӸҺͺɽȥˣʲôҶˣҲͦĵģ㻹û˯ѣǾȥһң
´ȥɽҲҪ˵һڵûʲô컹ůͣʲôԼȻǻ˻Σյġ
Щˣ㲢պãȴ˸ϲһѳԣ
˰ɣȥ緹ϲ⿴ǵһŶ
һӵ̲סСԴϲ߬ӣȴԣ
һ¾֪ҪţǶ˵ϲôӣܵܳǻУ⼸ģ͵ܵһһ룬˰ɡ
.

ʮ£ƽԴ

ϲͷŽż⣬ʱȴקס½ǣףӣٸüòã߰ѽĸҡ
ǽ㲻ûóˣҪոܹʮĸӣͽһ߸Թ˾ûˣǽġ
ܾҪʲôóԵṫƽķָӳԣϲȻŮӣǲʲô
ΪһҪίСģοϲҲȱȥҲǸӣô̰̰ܲء
ףûµģϲҲӣȻܻܵҪǾ͸԰ɡ
ϲʮ۰ӵݹȥҪĻǰͷҲҽӣ
Ĳ𣿡ɫƽĿϲôῴСѾͷ˼ʱͻȻʶһ⡣
ϲкӱ΢ʲôģԼǱȲкӵģһҪϲԼ뷨ı䣡
ǾԴһͬҲǰ׷˼
ϲʻһشֻԼͷŽż⣬һе㰲
ϿŵڴǼüˣԼˣȵȥң
ϲصĳȥϲһָУӷŵܵԵͲȥЩġ
ĸо۵ף̲ס̾˿С׵ϲһģʲôóԵĶһݣ
׿ǼϲҪΪ˸ɻģҪϣúųŵģ֪𣿡
һ˵һһ㶵ģסƬ̡
οһϲһȥǱ˭̤߰벽ʡˡ
һٷ꣬ûʲôʳˣͷȥʳ˳Щߣ
ڲ඼ǳԷ϶ųԣӶòϣĲ룬϶ǵãȻµĲ˵ɡ
һβֻˣĻҲǺõġ
緹ʱ㿴ԼڴڵĳŷԼֻܳһ飬˾ͳԲˣ
Ա˷ûʲôˣߵҪ鿴ôˣҲû˵ģ˿
.

ʮ£ˣ

˿ڱ滹ҩۣǿѾˣ벻ƻָĺܿ
ٹ´·ˣǾ׼ͷЩȥķҲˣȻɫһȥʳ
ţҪȥ϶Ҫ˵һģû뵽Ȼ̫ͬ⣺ҪȥĻȥɣ˾͵͸˲ܻ
һԼҹ·Ҳ̫ģҪȱȥҸ
ãԼԵģ֮ǰҶԼȥӵĪǻ˰ɣ
˵飬̲סЦһɲˣԭ̫Լνļ˲Żᱻƭ
ΪʮӣȺ˲Ų˼ʲô飬Ա˲ͺ֮ǰȥʯĥɽ̫Ը⣬ǵȵó֮ͭûʲôˣ
ûǸ˼ûܣϾҪ֮ǰȥӵǴξͿֱˡ
ûУһʱദıѾʼ½ģܵˣ
ˣ㲻ö˵ʲôԼȥûģ㻹ǸϽʱͲҴԶȥܻˡ
ʵϴαʳͰԼۻˣ˻ûãֻԼһˡ
Ǻðɣһϣȥصģô֪Լ˵ʲôҲûá
ֻȥͲøܻ֮صң
ԼһԼȥϣ±˿תԼмͭҲסˡ
ܹηηţСʻ괬㻹ǶãﲻΪԼϵӺۣȻʲôΣյ飡
һ֮㽫ԼαװһӾͳţ֮ǰһҪעⰲȫ
˵Ҳе㲻ˣ˳˸һȥˣʲô˵ʱܴˣ˵Ļӻ֧ܵ
һ·Сһʱǵϣ˺ܳ·ͣЪһ±㿪ʼʳ
ȥ˵̯ǰ˿ֻдײԼһЩ۲ˣҿЩˣһʣ˵ļ۸ʵŵˣ
˼һۣ˵һͷҪߣûˣһ̫ˣ۲ҶӶ˾ȻҲۡ
.

ʮ£

ָǷ˶ȥ˵ģ㵽ٹ䣬˵׼һЩأ
һֹ˸Ҳû˵ģҲԸȥǸ˵۲ˣԾȥ˷ǰҪ˰˸ӣ
һˣôܲóԵĻȥء
ͰҲˣ۵ĻĲ˵ҾȻҪǮӲſһѵͻһӣ
赹ǲ󣬲Щأһ˱ŷԼһߣһ·ЪϢһΣȻоԼᱻѹϵġ
صҵĻɫǺ͸ˣҲ֪ʲôϲµǴЦЦĻҪˣﻹƮһŨζ
֪ʱվԼſڵԼǰȥһ¶
˸ƣһŶ
¶̱֮ˣЩ̫ˣûѹ壡
˭Ҳ޷ôһôЩģҪǸľĳŲؼҾ߲ˡ
ϢһɣЩźãʢŷŻ֮ǰطĵطϲɵĹ򴷴
Ȼۣ¶һ΢ЦǼϲǶ£紷
ԼӣŤͷȥϻӻĸһģ
һЦˣû³̫ˣϲˡ
ԼǸ˹ͷȻֱһڣˮŪϣ
ʶԼʲôʱСֱĺģֻС߬½ǣˡ
ֲȥԼϵĿˮһкȴǰɬӵеЦˣȥӳ԰ɣҹƶѾˣ
ɵĵͷȻóһӣζˮҪˣҪҧһڵʱȴͻȻͣ
ôԣȴӵݸԼۻˣȸ׳ԡ
ЪһٳԣϲҲȥ԰ɣٸˣҸоöˣ
˵ʵֻ뵹ͷ˯оʮѣûվˡ
ϲԹĺ͵ܵһһӳʰöߵǰ˿ˣ˰˯ɣȻҹҪģ
.

ʮ£

ô˵ùӷŵһʱѾûаȸˣϲǳԵĺܸˡ
αֵĵе֣Ȼûô̻ˣû룬ִһЦɻҵͷˣ
Ľôˣ⻹һǸ񶾵ӷЦ
ιôˣǱôô֣ߵʱʲôˣ
¿еİ춼ڼҿ϶֪ʲô
Ա£Ȼ͵ʵҲûʲô£ֶӽݷˣ˵ǰݷʵʲô°ɣҲ̫
ŶԭˡҲûٶʲôͷҧԼİӡ
ͻȻתͷе㲻ʵôʲô
㳯ϵİŬŬ죺ôȥ԰Ӱ
ŶҲӸߺǳ԰ɡһ˻ѣȻ۾ŷŷҲ֪ʲô
ϲһ±ʾǳӾ͹ˣȻʣµӲ԰ɣ˵ƭ˭أҿ᲻óԣ
Ĳһ춼ڴϣֲøʲôĶõųôడ㣬ɫ档
۵˵ǹ׶ٷϻԾͳԣĶô໰
Ҳ֪ıŵôģǳǸӣҲǳˣû˯ˣӻϵġ
Ϊ̫۵ԵʣڶʱɫѾʵû˯ȻѣǱĳЦѵģ
ˣǲ񾭲һЦʲôò˯ˣ
ĬһʹСԴ⡭ܲܲЦɡ
ջ𣬵˯ţֻϴһ£ˮϴˮ˳ȥһõԺ
类ͻЦŤͷһϣҵ˭أԭ㰡Ŀ磬̫ûɹ;ˣ
΢΢һЦýҲĺпڵģ㶼ˡ
ֶӰɣⲻҪһһⲻںӱߵǸ
.

ʮ£

Ҳϳ㣬绥еûӦ
絽ײŮװ˵̲ޣɨǷҳԻɲҽʲôʱˣ
ǣʼѧԼƢԼ
ɶЦţֻЦмֽӲ˼ͻȻʶԼոе񺷸ҲԱĿ⿴
ƶˣôһ仰㼱ҴҵĻ
ʱûոøֻɻʵðոǸǶϱ
ǰɲˣʲô¶ܸŸɣҶҲ֪úùܽ㿴ոջңඪ˰
Ʋһ˼ίӣضҪЦûӣոҲ¶࣬Ȼ˼ǰ
˼ϣư˼
㷢ʲôǸʲôÿģ˵سǵ鰡سĹﶼʲôӵģ
һԼӣĵõ˼㣬˼ʻһسǵĹûҲ
һŵӹĵʵôˣʲôµˣ
Ǹе׵ֶӣɵ㶵ʣôɰɣǸȻֶӡ
Ͳ̫ðˣ˵ЩʲôԸ׾ٵ£
һģûˣôˣʮֲĿ㣬ôˣӦô
ûû£Ҽҵģ˵ǱҲܿôİɣ
˸ȥȴʲô𣺡˭֪أﶼû˵ʲôǾͲҪˡ
Ҳд˼ɣͿɱüˣ˼Ҳῴ磡
㵹˴ճһԣһԣһ׺ǳһǶ氡춼ֿˡ
绹Ǹվ⣬Ҳûȥ飬ǰָôԴͼˣ
ʼ벻ȱʧһμһͺҪˣòԭйʲôɡ
ҪͺҪˣΪ֪ԺԲɶԸԼ뿪ԶȺ˱ȽϺã
.

ڰʮ£溢

ԵĻھܣͷϵǵӹܲ˶ԶͻỨһɶǾѰˡ
˵Ҫסðװµʡ
ŵƽͻˣʵһܣҪÑģȻⲻ겻ڵݷʲô˵Ӿˣ
׻ҪֶӵÑǮŮ˾ȻΪԼֶӽÑ
УȻȲһֶӣԸԼֶӽÑԸԼ
֪ΪͻȻЦˣֶӸ״ԪĻʱùõҲմ⣬˵ˣ˭͸˭Ҳûܹܰ
˵˻ɵãȻǾòôĵġ
ҲٶʣϣõÑ֮͸Ͻߣٸʲô۶ӣ
ʱү鿴ȺõôˣʱͻȻиŵ׻ᰡ˲ͺôˣЪһ·ˡ
û˵ʵھߣ޷Ǿǻϸ΢ʹ˵⡣
үΪλ˳վһҲ죬˵ЩʱЩƤëţҲûգȻܷܲ·ɣ
үЩԵģ⵹ûУһ𼦵۾ֱĶǿүһᡣ
ôǼҲûԹΰɣҪô۲
㵹ǾԼֻС̻Լһûסͱ֮ˡ͵߳Եˣû
ۿ磬үҪߣѴĶȫûȥɡ
үһˣࣺǼ˼ҴԶùĶ㻹ͷûȥ
֪һ⣬ѾǷܶˣЩˣûȥԼ԰ɣ
үĶԼ֮ԼΪһӺɷ򣬾ȻҪһ˼Ӽá
үԼڰ֣ҼһеģԼԲ·ŻԸ㣬㲻ؾʲô㲻ΪԼ룬Ҳɣ
ǣһݵĸƤһˣٲԵõԺ᳤ߵģ뿴˵ƽʱҲ̫ע⺢Ӱֶˣ
.

ڰʮһ£ˣ

үֵмΣģĶ˵ô࣬Ҫǲȥ˸ɻɣӾͳԲϷˣҲע⵽ˣů˾ͺˡ
ȥɻҲû޳Եж౥үĺӣо·𿴵Сʱ
ʱҲûۣССͳĬԵģֻ֪ɻĸøɶȥɶҲһ˵˾͸ʬһĺûġ
ˣûҾͻȥˣͷп㣡үҲ˵ʲôùĶֲش
룬ЦſڣүҪ԰ɣص㻹ҪԼԶֳɵģ
⻰˵үĿϣֻѾֳҪվ⻰ô˻ȥ
ҲɣȥҲԼԣȥŪɣǵðѼǳԣ
ү治үָȥˣʵҲȷǴүҲøƽʲô⡣
ԼЩɲ˼ȥһбƮ˵
ʲôζ㰡
ڵԼһΪĵ˺Щͷԣڲ˵Ļȴֻ̲ˡ
һ㣬һĿ˲̶һˣڶĻʳûôˣ絽Ƕζ
ﱾר־ջôһ˵ñϸ᣺ζζôŨ϶ҵġ
ĶļӹԽԽˣǰʱ⣬ǳǲ£ǼСܶ༦ģ
ǹȥɣǳĻͶ˹ǳԣע⵽ûҶ綼ûٹҪʳˣ϶ʲô
罫ԼеĲ²⽲˳ƽͺעЩС£һ㲻ԾԼĥͣƫƫĥˣ
Ȼθߺüȣ˼Լ˽Ǯʳˣ
ʱҡҡͷҾͲ֪ˣ˵Ҷ϶ǲģǸɨǼпܻô
ߣǹȥĶļ⻹ûּ͸Ҳ˽ʳˣҪĿôʰ
磬ĸŮڵľҳڷļﱬˡ
.

ڰʮ£п

ð㣬⼦Ķģ㳴ԾȻһǲһˣ⻹ûּأʲôóԵͲˣ
£ֱſһӻϲʱֳһƬԼܹʲô
ʲôϲˣֳʲôأϽԼϲǰүĶǹﳴĽƵļһʱҲûע⵽
˵ҸʲôȻϱǳԣ岻ûԲϸڵɻݵĸʲôƵˣҲ֪ǳԡ
߶˶ТӣôТģҪŵζǾ͵͵ĳԸһɶˣ
ԼָТ˳ʵ㼦ǵ󲿷ֶñԵҲܳԵһЩ
ͲһˣﲻҲ˵ʲôưһ
ֻǴ岻ˣǰ컹ˣҲҪ壬ϲĸҪ
ѵĿ𣿻ûһӣʱ򼸸㶼ˣ׬Ӷټ
Ķίס֣ʾҪ
еֿ˼ˣУ
ϱ˵ĻеĸŲɺòްɣžͿԡ
ǣԼȥֲûӣȥɻôԲϡ
ȥǸֶӽÑ£ҪͰԼ߬ˣҲԼʲôӣȥֶӽÑ
ⲻ֪ʱΧ˲ٿֵĴֻһǺܸ˵ĲƲԼ׾ˡ
һ̰ԵʱͲˣﵹҲȥ֪Ķ֣ö⼦Ҳ֣ܵ
ƫδ룬Ǿܵˣ⼦ǵġ
ǵǸҳԣ㵹˵˵⼦ĶģѲ͵ģ
úýͣԼȴûǸ˼ûѻ˵Ļ
.

ڰʮ£е

վүڿˣϱ⼦ȷģ˼ǳԵģҼ̫ݣĺܡ
ʡ¼øӲ壬˵˵㶼ǵ̵ˣôһڳԵҲҪͺôûԹ
үĽѵһԿǽһˬ
תүǳΪǿЦݣ˵ĶĻĶ֪⼦ǵѽ
ѵ⼦Ҹǲ˻ôģԣǲеˡ
үƣ̨£ƫƫүβıҲҾ
һʱ֮ﱻүµƿԣ
Ҫ˵үǸأҹĲԼʡżԸӲ塣
˵ϱҼӷʲôö԰ɣҪ˵զôأӲ˵˵ϱҼǵʱûôݣ
ôϱĶԶϱ̫Ŷ
ΧеҪүƨĿܾǴ񫣬˵ŰϱģԼܶԼҶϱҲ̫á
˵˵ʱǲ˼Լģ
ү̾˿ĵϱ֪ģһҲ֪ôķϣͶõвС
˵ʲôԼĶܲ⻰ҪôҰ
ǳԳԳԣҼﻹͷҾȻȥˣһﶼɢ˰ɣó緹𣿡
ӲĲԼãΧ۵ھӣѾѸո˵Щ˼ʺ˺ü˼ҵڡ
һ־ôɢˣμסˣүǾһֽˣ㱧ϲһżˣģȻүȴûǸӣ
ү˵ˣ˵ʲôڳġ
Ĳ÷ˣĢԼȻ˷үҲץһԣ
ͷƢ㣬ʵǺ͵ģһԷʱҲһԡ
Ůĵطп˵ĻһŮǲͿ˳
㿴үϲмͻȻһִ·үӵүүһԼ󲿷ֶиӳˡ
.

ڰʮ£ѧ

ѧ˼ָУүֱ£պ϶úӣ
һٷԺԵõһٷˣճԱûüȣүͱ˽ߣò˲ˡ
Ҫȥһ㱾ȥǸʲôȴûȥﻹжҪʰ
ˮӣնһˮӳƼȥǰǸüĿһۡ
ļƤʱˣæˮݣ˵Ҫ˰ɣһֱûǸˣ
ԭΪ㱻ȲȥģԭˣлĻһҪɸۡ
ãҲʡΪ˱ŪԼ֡
ӲãһأѰ˼ЩƤëС紩ҹ˯Ͳôˣ
Ƥëߵǰʵ߼׼Ƥë·
ϸ룺ߵУˣڻûҪȥҪ
ż뿴⼸ƤëôñȽϺã
ƤëƽڴϣָȻ˰죬ʵ㲻·ɣʵڲеĻȥϸ˼ͭñ˸Ƿ졣
㷴ʣѵ㲻Ƥëᱻ͵ϻߵʲô𣿡
㲻·
ѧһ⼸Ƥëܲϲ˿ӣûǸ˼
ǵǣȻԼǾԼѧɣϲǿ϶Ҳϲ·
⻰ûзе˼˭봩Լ·أҲ룬ǴСﶼûһ·
Ķʣ²Ҫģ첹ӸʱҲֻҪܲܶͺá
һȥҹӴһ͵͵Ƶȥ
ʣһЩ׼ãˣȰѻյʢȵ˾͸ȥͷĻˣ
ָתһģͷˣϵĶѾ˵ͷˣǿԼȡϡ֡
˹־;ϡ棬ܶΧһһʲôģ
ڶͷ״ģҲǺϲģһգ۵Ĺϵİűһ״ͷ׺
.

ڰʮ£ȫ

ֻΪ˳ڸиḻһӲǶ˼ѣȥ͸ôӱˣ
벻ô໨ͷҵˣֻͨͷضǹĿ࿴ˣҲ֪ԴﶼʲôܸһЩϡŹֵĶ
ˣ͵ģǿЩãȻóȥҹû򰡡
㻹ǱȽϳҹôȥ⣬֮ԵôݶˣİɣеطģĻһʱҾܻ
ô죿˵˵ȥ
Сĳϸ˵ŻŵĶȴ
յ͵һ֧㶼ҵ㣬ɻǫ̈̄ǻãҲʲôܰÿá
̨ǰЩƵ˵ȥϵĵ̵Ǹѡ񣬷Ǹ޷ڶʱڽЩͷ⡣
ǵҲԡֻҪȥҲЩط
ڼ۸⣬ͺ˼ǮЩ۸һʮͭ塣
Ͻȫ꣬ĳƷԼҲʮ൫ǸͷһͷҪСһ룬Ǳ۾٣ܼپͼ٣
ϹĻԼҪβȫ꣬Ҳ֪ʱ䣬Բúܶ࣬ϣͷܿ졣
ȵζ֮㿪ʼעԺĶǴҹҹʲôģᱻ֣
㻹ܽţЩ٣һ֮ҲûӦ
㽫õͷȫ÷ŵһټĺⶫΪļױеһܹ㣬ͷʲôĸոպã
æõڶˮ˲ϺһڴװͷĺӾֱ϶ȥиţʲôľͺˡ
ϧϵ˼Ҷ˯ȻţҲ᲻ţԼ¼ͭ嶼̫ףƽ·ȥĵطţ
ѳʰɾ֮˳ְŹغãڴȴҲû˯⣬֪ȥ˼ҵȫͷ
߻᲻Ҫͼ۸ȫ£Ǹ˿϶̸⣬Ǹʵͽӣ˵׼ᱻ˿ӣ
ԽԽģű˻ûԼĵ·
.

ڰʮ£Żؼ

ɫ΢֮ʱϣ㴺̵һ׼ӭˣһƹӭԼҵš
λֵҪЩʲôİʲôĶУԼȿ
ƹվɸ˼䣬ȻʢŵĵļǰԼѡҪĵġ
ֱӿżɽĵģƹһرĵģ֪ƹĿԸһۣ
һԼĵģƹ̬䵭˵ֵҲǣûҸո˵ʲôˣҰĵóҿɣ
ԶԵƹ䵭̬ȣԼЯĺӴ򿪣¶Ķƹһۡ
ƹһɫʳ¶ŨȤϣŵͦرģζҲЩʳİɣ
Ҽ棬ΪʵڽҲˣôЩЩӣҸʱȥʱЩԲƹ⣡
һھͱʾԼںȱǮʡһƹٺּۻۡ
ƹ´һۣƾҲĻŲˣ˻Ǹ֮ˣЩʳҵ˵˵۸񣬿еĻҾȫˡ
ƹǱȽϺ˵¶һ˿Ц⣺ƹǸˬˣҲˣЩʳ۸һֻҪʮͭ壡
ôСһҪʮͭ尡ʮͭ嶼ͷˡ
۸ƹܲˣҲûһӾ˵򣬻߸ţҲ˵»أ
ЩʳͷҪѰƹģҼлҪ۸ĲٵˣҪһ£
⻰˵ĵ滰ܶͭ嵱ȻҪģƹĲͬĴɡ
㲻ú˵ж࣬˶ÿƣܰԼСϣҲһף
ƹĶڰ֣ģһӾͿ˼
ԽԽˣⱻ¿ǼĲˣ㴺ȷҪϡĵ˵
ʳͦģǼ۸ʵе߰ƹľ¿ˡ
˺һ֮춼ˣʵƹģ㿼ǵôˣǸ仰еĻҾˣŻؼأ
.

ڰʮ£Сð

˵㱧صĺ׼ˣʱƹȴͻȻסУ͵һȥһأЩʳҶˣжٸٸˡ
ϣ֮ǰҶˣܹʮ
С
㳯ţ춼ˣô
һ⿴һۣûôڿӰԼ
ӱţǽýĲԼɵʳӦ˵ġ
ûгǼӿ첽ôʱ䣬϶Ǽˣ
صºȲʣôȫȥ˰ɣûпۣ
뿳ţҲԸ⣬ƹȫˣЩʳܹ˶ͭ壡
ӣԼ²Ǯ
̲סЦ˿ǸɵӣʮʳʮͭһȻûп۸Ļ϶ٶʮǮ
˼ɵҲ࣬ӻͳһͭ壬ԼİӶ㡣
Ǯͭ壬Ƕʮ˰ԣϾͲˣҿԷҲˣڻȺţȳɣ
һ԰ɣҲöӶˡ
׬ͭã˸ӣû˵ʲôſڱҧһڣ
ҲԵļΪһĸӣʣµĸϲ˯ٳԡ
ʲôʱ㻹ȥɻ˼˶ǰɣϽȥ
ڸӲԼǵձ㿪˳ȥ
ˣȥˣҵ극𣿡ڵԼԷʵһͻᷢһͲڼҵ£
ͳˣҲ֪˵һҪҺųԹ
ûдˣصҪȥɻˣڼչ˺ӣǵòҪԼ﷢ìܣ
֪ˡãԹԹԵӦһֻҪǲԼôǲҲģ
ϲ˯֮ϴȻΪᷢ
֮ŵˣԼ׬ͭغãǰʯĥѾˣСǸõط
.

ڰʮ£ʲô˼

ȴ̫Ƿˣ̫ˣͭĵطûУ»һױⴲͰǸͷſ²ܿĶ
ʵû취˴һ鲢ʵש飬ȻǮŵǸ棡
Ҳ֪ʲôʱ򽨵ģ˭ģϾȻש̶иʮ˵ġ
źǮ˳ȥӣһһľڵϻ棬ʱǡҲű˳
ϲͷģһôҲµӣûƯ·֮ǰͷʲôǳ󡣡
粻µĲҪǼϲͱʵģô綼ÿܲĳЩˣƯ·ҲʲôӣӱӰˣһˣ
ɲģôܵӵ˵µҪ˵ûʲôӣö࿴ˡ
˵Ȥĺ᲻Ȥ
Ҳ֪ԼÿҲûôֱ׵˵οÿбŵ㰡
ǸɱģԼ˵ոյ߶ʱɢ
Լ޽һ˿˿𵽶ΪֵӶЦѽ˰ɲ³Ĳÿ³ѿҲɸɱģǲŽĿɱ˿ܿһ۶أ
벻Ȼ˵ֻҳЦĸɱаĺӾôϸĿһԼ塣
ףôˣùո˵ʲô˼ϲһı鿴㣬ΪǱˡ
㷢ԼĲãصײҪùǸŮˣϲԶ㣬Ҫѧˣ
ûʲô£Ӷڵϼ棬ûʲô˼ȴĺܻ
һԿ˰죬̲סҲȥԭ棬ΪСʵ̫ˣ
һ˰죬ԺлЦﲻϣ·˷׷פͣ¿ҷʲôˣһ򰲾ӾȻҲЦ
֮󣬵Ҫ綼ڼҳԣ
ϲˣϲȥǸɵʲôʱʳҪգҪʲôʳ𣿡
.

ڰʮ£Լ

ϲҲûô࣬ſھͻأǸ˰εѻ׸˵ģһһذͻȥҵĵΣ粻ԷҲ緹ʲô
ͷҲٶ˵ʲô緹ԲʲôöĵÿȥɻͷҲ׼ŵɣ
ˣůĿ죬˵СҪ껹Ҫ硣
ϲǴ˻ϻӣԼһ˸˵һЩҲϸţżһ䣡
СӻһҲûôˣֻϲӲͬǴ˵ʲôĺóԵģһ㽲ĶһЩ顣
ͻȻ뵽һ⣬ϲʵϲԼ𣿡
ϲҡҡͷûǷּңĶԼأүүһʮĶأԺùüˣʹƽһĶأ
һʲôӣ̲ס࿴ϲۣǼҵϲúöడＸĶض֪
ʱͻȻи⣬ϲϵôǿһ£Ժ˵׼ʲôĵ
õĿ佱ϲԵúܸˣʵʵЩʹ˵ģʱ̸飬һˡ
ϲֵûʲô㻹Ǿ̫ˣȫǸĺӣͷҲ
ڼҵһֻźˣɽһȦһź춹˳ժһЩ춹ؼҡ
ˣʱڴϾ˯ˣ߰Ѻ춹׼͸һһ
˵ɳǸöǰر𰮳Զɳڵĵģ춹ãһͻȻء
ϧ⼸ź춹̫ˣĻһɳȥ춹Ļ϶򵽣
ü۲ˣͷȥʱʶɳļ۸˳ַͷϾȥˡ
ֿ˼鷬һԷ˰˿ż졣
ķȥɻʱŰɣ絹û¶ôܣȥ˳ƪ
Էʱ򶼲ؼңѾԼٹ۲ĲˣǸ˲ţ첻֪ڸɶ
ֻҪһȥϾʲôΣնûˣ
.

ھʮ£

ۿ춼ˣȳԱ˷ȻŷֱӶĲ˯ûл
ʣһ˰ĵﰲӵĺĵҪ
Щܲˣʼ۰Ͱ͵Ȼϲٻи˵仰졣
Ҳ֪˶ãһĻӶ˯ˣǶԹ˰ɣҪǻͲõңԼԡ
ͷָϵ۵𣺡ģƶѾˣϴϴֺԷɣ
϶մųԼһԵ
ͷϴֺ֮㣬㱻Īʵôˣôʲô
뻻ɾѡҪתȥǳȥһ£Լһ׻ϴ·ȴûжֻ
һŶغˣѡתȥͦƽϸ˵ģ·֪ҪԼرܣûԼϱǾͺã
һϤϤ죬ˣתˡ
Ÿתͷ־ͽ·ڵϣȻߵǰƿŷĿ׼Էȴϻ
⼦Ǹ𣿡ϼЩû˶ôãʲôóԵĶһݣ
һǰҺͺӶһ˳Ҳ԰ɣⶼˣ˵ÿ綼ʲô
ҡͲʲôˣȵˮСµ˵仰ȴһ㶣
㲻Էɻ𣿡Щŵʣ漴־ڸԼЦ
ֻЦЦԹ˵ǰ͵ں㿪Цɡ
Ҳپ⣬Ա˾Ϩ˯鷬ְˣȫ̿ţܺõǳҲ
ϵĶԹŵ˿Ϩ˯˰ɣ
Դ֮ҹûκζĥʱ䣬ÿ춼˯ڶϰ˯ˡ
һۣԼ·˯ɣҰ·ϴ˯컹Ҫ
ʱϴ·ƺֻףƽﵹʲôһæ˻һһ͵üʱϴˣȻûûϴˡ
.

ھʮһ£Ǻö

·ԼȥˣԼɵ˯ţһֿģæô˻Լϴ·
ȥϴ㲻رĵˣرֲϱΪʲôҪȥЩ
ȵϴɾ·֮Լڴ˯ˣһ˯ӣȻĵΪǺñӡ
㲻ϴ·ȴʲôҪչ˺úӣһǰʱԾˣԼôҾһ·ԼϴҲûʲôϵ
ڶ졣
㻹ԼĺΣȴỽѣǺܳͲסһֱϺͣ
ۣĿ΢ڵӣֻ˵㣬ҪȥˣҪȥĵطеԶ
ȥһ㣬Լ˷ˣѹ˼ǵóԡ
㲻ͷĻӻ֣֪ˣ߰ɣ˯˿϶Եģ
˵˯ո۵ʱﻹܺڣ϶û͸Ҫٶ˯һ
ȵѾõˣϲֹĲ֪ʲôһĺòġ
ѹϲջԼ֣ˣûгɣ
ûУԼ˯ѵģ쵹̰˯ˣзûУ
˸űԼĻСò˼ȥɽܣҲۻ˵ġ
Ϭͬǻûгأһԣ
ʵǲԼȳ԰ˣԲŶŶӵ˯ѡ
㴩Ь´ϴϴ֮һ緹ÿһͶǺˮͻȻޱˡ
طνˮֻмףԼЩ׻Լ󣬶һף׿϶ˣȻôԷʳ
Ա˷ӳţߵǸţɽ̼ƪҲˣ߹ǰ
ţ㵲ǰǼ˼ɫ䵭ʣЩˣһҲʲôö
㲻ôǰﳳ
СҪȥܰɣ˵ĶҲȥŸ첲˳ʴ״ǰ
.

ھʮ£Ӷ

ô⿴ţҲ治Ӷˣ
ĻЦδ̫ˣܻϲӣаסˣǽ֣㲻ҪһһСӵĽС
¶һЦݣҾôţʲôʱһϱܵͷˣ
ʼ磬һЩ㻹Ǻǵ̣СӣԼʲô
ʵҲôģȻտ˵仰Ҿͷˣպʲô¶㣬Ժ˱źϾͳɣ
ϣϱҲǸĽɫ
Ͷҿ۴ŴǶ·ˣ
ưϱģϱôûʲôӹ
Թ۴Ļĸѿ㡭ТϱڣҲı̱ˣ˵һܶ䡣
ﱻɫԼһƵģǼȻɴͱ˵£ʡˣ
㡭ТϱôôϱؼңҪҰ
鱯ݣһضģǣӵĵϲߣȥż棡
˵ǻԭʵǽڣ˵ȥȻҪԼȥϸʲô˵ҪʲôʱԼ׬Ǯ鲻ͱ¶ˡ
Լûǿ֮ǰǲԼǮչ¶ģ
һûˣ˳ĴӴ˳
·ʵףʲôӵģǲǸһ
šһֲһŲһֳ
ԭĸǸŮˣ޸ԭĵ֮һֱ˵Ǽ
˵ԭĸձ֮һ㣬ԭĵҪӣû뵽Ůԭ
ԭ֮ԭͳëಡҲͲ˵ˣôҲûٻһУ˼ҶŮ˫ȫҲ֪ˣ
ԭĵǸŮУԭﲻ֮ͶǴԭʱѾϹˡ
ԭ÷ԸųҸҲ֪ɷбŮҲ뿪ʵ÷ҲŮ
.

ھʮ£ż

Ϊ˸ձȢϱŰɺҩԭŪ֮ģһٶʵ͸ԭġ
㵱ȻǲȥǸûõŮ˵ģҲŮˣѾӵŮĹˡ
ȻһֻձǸӣǾͲܹ壬ĸˣ
÷жһаǲͦ˵ҺͽȥţỶӭ𣿡
⺢ƺҪţ㻹ǵúʵʵ˵ԣǽȲȥˣ״ȥòãǻؼҲܸκȥϣҪ˵ǻżҡ
ððǿ߰ɣһ˷ܣֽߡ
ϲҲڴرɵʵףʲôӵİǲܶóԵģĵط
ǶûȥϰҲû뵽ҲСˣȻ϶ûȥ
һͬҡҡͷŽʵ¶һЦϲ˽Լ֮ǰϿһЩȤ
ȵ浽ϣѽ԰һʲôһֲģ
Ǻ«óԵıǺ«ϣ
ǰ˽кǺ«ܵǺ«Ĵǰͣ¡
ſڱ壬֧Ǻ«
ϣ֧Ǻ«ֱݸϲ˻ǲ̫ҽӽǺ«֮㡣
忴̲סЦЦС˰һԺӿ̫Ưˣĸӵ˰Ǻ«ô꣬Ӽ٣ǵһμôÿģ
ҪǮ壬˵¶֮ɫǣӸϵĽͯŮһǲǣסĶҾͲ̫ˣǺ«Ǯһ
֧ͭ塣Ǻ«ĴҲû׷סĶǮ˲Ϻˣܺã½½вǺ«
ͷǺ«һϡ̲סе᣺ϲ⿴ʲô԰Ǻ«òóԣ
һڣԺ۾ˣǺ«ݵ㣬ʮֿĵ˵ģ㳢
ô˵ŵʱϲҲһڣȻҲ̵ģǷӦȴûôȽ̫ãŮҪõſɰ
.

ھʮ£ɫ

˵Ще㳶ԶˣǺ«ͻرЦͳԹ֧صǳԵģԵɣȻһб˵СŶ
һŵ۾ԲˣϽǺ«Լһעͱˣ
㿴һЦǣӵڽƵʵĶ˵ûʲôÿģӿɡϡ氡
ϲҪһѻɡģǿ㻨Ǯһֱûһ˫ƯӽŻɡֻΪ࿴ۡ
ϲ϶ϲЩɡɣͷ̫ԣȵԺǮ˾͸ϲϲĶ𣿡
ϲĵĵͷðϲһŬҪ׬ܶӻؼң
ҲҪҲҪţԼΧӰ죬ҪˣСӰˣ
һ첻ֹϲĵĲˣ㶼ýĲˣڽϣǹ·˿Сǳĺÿ
д󷽵ϲһЩӳԣ˵̫ˣҪǳԵõģ
ʱͻеΣĺǸŰӵһóԵģá
һСĸ˹һ磬ڽֱ˼ӳԱ棬ҲˣûҪȥ¡
Ȼ㲢ûи̫ණǹϹһǾͺܿˣ
չʱȥף׵ļ۸ĳ棬ϵǮ˺üİ棬׼ȥЩʳȥ
ʣµףһ춹ֻмͭ壬ɴϲһ˸һˣȻ̤˻ؼҵ·
ǰʣףԺһ档
СԴȻֻҪǹԹ׻
˵Ҫ˵㻰Ŷ϶ԹЩ۲ۣ˾͸ᣬкӣ󣡡
ԼСؿڣһС˵ǶЦ㣬ϲ̲סЦ¶Сѣɰˡ
Ц߽˵˵׾ͲˣǱ㻹СЩ㳤ˣˣ׸ɰɣ
.

ھʮ£ǱǮ

᳤ײϵģڱÿŶ
жƫƫ㻹Ͱһס
ϦСӰڿĵ·ϣֿܰɰҲ֪ԼСһãܿľͿһ죡
˿ĵĻصУ·ϵûۿҪźñҪȥˡ
мˮտףֻ಻ܱгСŽʹһ󣬺ܿķζƮ˳
˳۾ֱĶð̵Сһ֪࣬ȴûҪȣ
㿴ʱһ֪϶ڴʲô⡣
ʱĴصΪʱŵĴ㹻࣬඼ʮŨģŷζϲһ˺һ룡
ȻŸԵСﺨȻ˯һֱڵ
ϵʵȥˣ׷ŵеˣ
Ҫȵľô֮࣬ǰ˸ҵǽʲôѽͼף˰ɣڻأϲȥ˰죬ɿء
㿴ҲͦģȻǶҲû˵ʲôûһİ࣡
Ȼվȥϴ·ȴҲûпպԼ죬ֱʵιĻʲôʱܸ갡
ҽЩ棬Щʳȥأ˵Ҳ֪ʳǼҵôˣ᲻Ҫǵʳ
·شĻĺҲ֪㲻ǴźȥûƼǸ㴺ĵ
ҪʳĻϾͿһЩҰȥɻġ
ҲżȥǼҵ̿˵ɣҽȥˣҲû̫ע⣡룬㻹Ǿ˰ɡ
Ҳģȥɻһ˯ҪӰӵʳֲģȥŲסġ
׬ӹȻҪǱǮͬҲʮҪ
ôҪ˯ȥˣʱȴֿڣڸʮصׯﶼŪĲˣҵĻҲˣʱʳ𣿡
ʮºͣеζ棬û˵ʲôʹӦ
.

ھʮ£ҹ

о˾ȥ˯ˣ˯֮£Լһ˯
ʵϣûЩط̫࣬Ӷô׬Щӻ
ٳԷԲһӣЩΪ׬ӵɣ
ͬ˵Ļæˣûĵһ쵱ʳ
Լȥ㴺ѯƹԼҵʳôƹ񿴵˵Ҫ֮ǰʳСӻӭ
ƹȴסɳȥĵ̣ƹһʳһʮͭļ۸ƹ
Ȼûκ⣬ɱ˼ҵĵɻ׬ĶȥˣͬʱҲеԼһ˾ȻҪϱܹϺӡ
֮ԽĴǣζҪڼǼӱãʲô
ԹТȫ˹ϵãƫǺԼĸĹϵͻ⣬߶ȫȥάš
ҹʱ
С̲ϵð˳ͬʱһʮζŵŵЦ˳
оʳǳɹˣ򿪹һɵѾʮ֣㲻ֵ¶Ӳóһ
Ȼ¸Ϲǣζɢȥֱ̫Ӱ˴˯йѣ
óԷһЩ㽫е룬һĶɳ
еӵݸ㳢ζôǾͦóԵģ۵ģ϶ֺϲ
𣬼ݹĶ·ϲ˲Լ֣ӹӱҧһڣ
ɳ۵ĿڸһбŴճ壬þòӡ
ֻһͬĵͷóԣϵĺӿ϶ϲǵļ۸Ҫٲźأ
Ҳ̫࣬һֱʮͭ壬ͨʳһ̵ļ۸ƹ֮϶ӼۣǾͺûʲôϵˡ
ҹʮͷʮ׶ɳӣЩװʵû취ʱô㣬Ҳô
ǲһܶ룬ȵ˳̨ĻȻѳĲ˰ɾһ۲ŷĵĻԼУ
.

ھʮ£ݰͰ

ӻ˯У֪ȥʳӲʲô鷳Ҳ׷Ϣһȴڲ֪˯ˡ
ٴǸоԼ߲ģԭڸԼǱӣ㾯Ķʱ
Ҳһ˯ⶼȻ޴ˣӴʵôͭõ˰ɣ
Ц΢ĵͷȻӻͳװһǮǮŵУǽľ׬һǮȥǿ϶ܹϺӵġ
֪䣬Ѿ㿴ˣԺõ
оеǮģԺǵһôͭ壡
ЩͭɣҪñ˿ˡüЦӣҲÿģҹûװҲûô࣡
ѾͭҪԼŵ飬ȫȻš
Ǯ㲻Ļϲȥһ棬ûˣҲܸһȥʲôͲԼˣ
΢粻ӱϣûֱŵģϲһЩ
֪岻Ǻ׳ʵͼֲԼһĿھôϲϲϣ
Ľֵϣߵ˴඼ŶõԵúе룬ԼǸעĿġ
ΪԼϵ·̫ãüз첹ĺۼͬźƵ·ȴעĿ
ǿ쿴Ǹؤĺÿ
ĿӦҲؤɣǼ
ǸݰͰ͵Ů˭òһĿڰɣӳҲܺÿѽ
㣺Լľô𣿿ĿϲĺÿһݰͰ͵Ůˣ
ڻ̫ˣȵԺԵõҲͺöˡ
ĵ룬ֻҪŬ󸻴˵ܳϱͶˣ
·¶ʱ㱻Ŀ⣬˼һ£ͷһԼǣϲ߽
Ҫѣֿϵ·ȷܾˣϵһȼֱ֮Ĭĸȥ׼Ǯ
.

ھʮ£Ӻ

ϣӿźǵһɣ㿴е·
û뵽¶ƹȻǸĻ֦չĵŮӣǽ¶ϰŮϵͽ欵ȫг
һۿƹԺ֣Ʒﰡû뵽СϾȻòŮˣֹţȻЩŮӲһȼġ
ƾɣƹҲûаֿӣһͬʵӵƹٺø
ƹеѻǸʽʲôأ˾仰Ȼŵлٳȹ
¶ϰﱻһе̵ģЦһǴİɣҲмͷˣǮûǮĶ·ȷʵûأ
˵ϿȥĸߴֵĮϣԽ϶Ǳصġ
ɲ´ˣǲģסڲԶĴ棬ⲻǴǰѣҲòǮ·һֱ첹պŴ
ʵ˵ҲûԼѶ˵Ϲ
ɻ󣬿ʵƹΪģ
ƹһָָԼҵ⣺Сϵ붼ô˶͵ýʳʲôģһ˶ǱȽģϲôߴ׳˶˳
ҲŲ²ģλֵӦòǼ·İɣ
ˣƹ⻰˼ô׳ʵ϶ǲȱԵ˼ңȻԵôûǮ·
ʵȷǳԲ϶ٶģ˼ƫƫͳ˸˵ȥǶûʲôš
һſڱΪҪԱԼ治סʲôǮҾ˵óԱ˲ɻȻĶ׬ӣ
ƹһɵЦһ£˵ĵͦеǶλţ˽ҾС
˵ϰű˲Ūȥˣ
㿴˿·ͦã廨һЩģһͲƽʱ򴩵ģҲеؾģûͬϵģ
ϲԼҵߣȻϴ棬С˶ǵһνôõĵ̣ٻеųġ
.

ھʮ£Դ

룬תԸԼ֣߹˵㲻ֻ׻ϴ·ý˼ҵˣԼȥѡһȥɣ
ֲ֪·ʣԻԼʡÿϻؼңܶҪϴ·˯
˻һһԭǿԼûʲôѴŽԼ·ġ
һʱůʹȻлϲȴԾɱǣǻͷɣǮҲ࣬кöʱҪõʱ򲻹ˣ
Ǯ׬Ҫôˣ·οһԼˣ㿴ϴĶˣܲһֱ˰ɡ
֪ܲøԼ̰Լ˵ǰ˳
ԾɲΪ˵ôˣվŲҸɣ
һҪԼѡһ·ɵüͷǲŸ׬ǮǲҪôִŵİɣҼǮĵطȷܶࡣ
УЩ꣬Լ侲һ²ε˵˰ɣ׬ǮһǵľԼ϶ҪԱůģ
οҿû˵ҪԼѣܴ٣һȥһ䲻źǰɣ
һ̾ͼˣüЩżĽҲǸ˼ֻǡ
ΪżԵʣʲôҲ˵㶸ȻЩԴǡ
ʲôýͣأѾǰԼ˵ҪҪɣҵʣʡԼõҪɶ
峺Ӷֻߴ˾ȻָͷԼϸȼ뷭һµģȻ꼾ǻ©ꡣ
һĿˣܻܲǸСɣһ¾Ҫӣ˵żҪҪҴҩѣ
˻ҪΪԼһµġ
һ˽֮ĶûУڲŻᱻһѹեţÿ׬ͭһٻôһɣ
ֲ㣬˼ҵվڻѡ˼ѳ
ԼҲߵһΪϲѡʵ·Ҳûм·ܴϵĶǱ˴ɲҪ͸ǵģ
ȥ㵹ǿкüƯСѣǿǲԼ廨֪ԼǰܹģһŤͷӡ
.

һ£·

ϲǸŮӣƯ·ϲˣȴſ˵ԼҪǰൽеѿۻ
㽫£Լϸ˵ϲԣĿǰҲ࣬ξѡЩ˵ĴɣԺӶټźÿ𣿡
ӹɵĵͷϲһֻèһ㻳һ£ʵܸ·ϲͷǳǳˡ
㣬һС˵ģʣףԼѵҪҪˣӸôÿ״Ͽ϶ÿ
СС͵ıҲûʲôʻ㣬ֻúÿʣȷʵ⡣
ϲҲҪˣӸõƯģ
˻һ⵽˱ķԣҪѴŮӶҪƯ·ģкӣ·Ưܴůͺˣ
⻰ЩЦ־ۣ⻰˭ѽкҲԴÿѣֻͷϵҲرѡ
ָָ˵ǵ̱ĵŶǲҲúе
ˣԺͻ֪ģ
Сһǰ˵û˷ѾһŮýˡ
˵Ҳһˣûô˽Ҳ飬˽ʱҲǰҹЩʱ
˻̸ж˽⣬ֻ֪˲ӣȴТͶˡ
תͷȥֻѾһֻм·ѣϿҲôΪô·ôһͨĳ
ѾѡѣҲ˰ڽûҪС·ǾװɣҲУģ
򡭡ôģϣԼһףϲҲǲҽѡ
߹СԴ׵ȻҪ򣬵ѾΪһףƣ
ϲ⻰ͷˣһǣһֹֻȥԼҵѡʲôѡ
ʵһ򵥲ĲȹֻȹɻҶģΪԼС⣬ȹǵͦÿģɣ
.

һһ£

˵ԭ֮ǰҲûոµȹԭòҪƲƶܲѲüȹ
˵ÿĵǣͷһԶŮº˰ɣǶ·ˣ
ļһʮͭ壬һͨ˼ҸµĿźǿĵҲǮ
ϲʵϲ·Ǳ֮ǰҪ̫࣬¶ƹǮֽסǲߣ
ƹƴԼ¼ץңԸϣ⺢ʵ̫ϲˣҾ͸ˣؼҶ޳Եõģݵġ
ǣűƹллƹ͵ˣȥ϶Ѻİ֡
ô˵ŻͻȻһԼһʵЩûãӵȴ뷨׬ģοӻģ
ʵȫûҪϲôãȥҪҪ㵱ĸһԴ򶼶Բĺá
߰ɣʱҲˣʱؼˣûô࣬ǵĿӿѣۿ̫߶ˡ
ǣϲȥųȥϸ˭ϵóǸոؤһĿأ
㲻̾⻹˿װ㲻Ϻ ٿͨһˡ
Сĸ˸ճ¶û߳Զ㱧һԸ¶ſڣ˵Цò֡
෴ƺЩĲɣ̸ʱҲʮַܣûģκԼǿ
ǲҶ磬ɩһĿ𣿡ͻȻָ˵ıӰ硣
˳ָĵطȥеߵȷһģһɲΪȻģϴ˰ɣһƽĶ·
аϵĶ磬ǸǲǶɩģɲ֪жᣬҼвðƫƫǻôģһʱҲܽߡ
˵ܸͦɵôͻϼ·أҲ֪ڴʲô˼ӵתͣ
磬ȴʵЩԾ
ûӵǲԾģſڱ˵ߣ׬ӵȻǶˣȻΪÑǴĶġ
.

һ£Ϸ

ԭ ôһӦúǵлŶˣģȴ͵͵С̡
仰ֱӱʾлʲôлӦģϾǼôãҪǿ㶮µķݶϹͲҪˣ
٣ɶأ࿴ű˵ıӰͻȻ㶣̲סǰ˻Ρ
ͬʱٶŤͷһĿԽԽԶıӰȥȴԽԽǣرС
û£㲻ҪƷ ǿȥɣһͱԼȥϷܸ˵ˡ
תҪ¶ȥҲȣҪŸȥ
һ羹ҲûҪһȥϷΪ¡
¶ƹ񿴵ĵ˾䣺˰ôεƷôʱɻżأ
Ҳ֪ôƹıʼ䵭ģƺ̫ϲ˳㻹һվһߵࡣ
ĵЦţбŵİݸƹ񣺡¶࣬˵㣬㲻Ҫ
ΪƹûֱӴ򿪰óŻܵĲƥϸ֮ÿü幤ԽԽˣ
Ķ˰绹̫ͼΪԼʲô
ƫλƹҲѲƥԼüϵϲ˵ˣҲƽô࣬㲢ʺЩģǸСһĲɣ
ƹҲûôͲʺأ粻ģЩСõӿԶЩġ
ʵڲ֪ԼƹĻָõĵط
㿴ĶȣЩЩˣôĶûãҽ¶ﶼˣҪǲɾȥĵطɣ
ƹЩԼҲмʱˣʲô˻ҲǵС˼Ϳһ
ѾͷɲǸʵֵ¶ûñ㿪ʼģĴŴ磬˵һŮӣ֬ˮһҲ١
ĿʲôƹҲͿһö֮ҲЩû뿪֪
Ҵ˻㲻ҪƹҪ ϽϴǸ˫ֽץ˼ҵ䣬ȴ˼Ҳɫķ
.

һ£

ͺúõٸһλᣬٸҿɾ治Ҫˣ
ƹԼڽ¶ţʱ͵͵һ漴һת ̽ʵ㣬ոտһԷ޴һԶŮѣ
ǰп·Ǻƹɻһ Ҫ˵ǶԷҲʲôرǮ ˼Ҹʲô
糶˳ǣ¶һ˿ȻЦˣʣոߵĸʱǲǶʮƾɵ·岼ɫˣ
ĶôţȻ˼Ҵƾɣôǰɾˣǵ·Ǳˮϴɫ ˵ǰ㿴ɫ
ƹҲͬ˵ʲôָôʲ֮æԼϵ飡
Ҳû֮㲽ٵҸϡ
ڴͬʱԼҲϣͻȻʵոÿǣ϶ʱҲѵǮĶģʱҪô£
һֱ֣ĸ׽¶⼸ҲˣѧӦһӡ
ֻ㹻ǿˣ˵ϻûʲôˣ
Ϊǣοûµģ˵ؼԺͺӵžͺá
ûûҹæô׬ЩӣбĵطҪõǸˡ
ãŸͺãóԵģ
º͵ĺ˵ԽԽˣԼûиտʼˡ
ˣıҲǰһûɵ˵ʲô׬Ӿ͸ȫʲôģֻˣͷ·
ۿϾҪңǡɽãһĿڻؼҵ·پһƪˡ
һӶ·ǿʲôϡ涫һΧ˹
ǺֱſʣҵιԹԣϵͭˣ겻ڵһĿڶˣ
а˼ԽԽˡ
һ㲻ʶЦʣ׬Ӳ˰ɣȻĶӸϱأ
Ҳ֪˵Ǹʲô˼ǸԵ˾Ͷˡ
.

һ£Ҫּ

Ӹòּ˰ɣôҲû˵أ
ո˵һ仰ʱ׷׻ǲǺһӷּң߷磬ӽˡ
Ⱥ˿޼ɵ㱾˾վǾ͸һ֣ɹ鲻ãûе
òͲּҶûʲôĹϵɣα˰ԣеû¸ɣ
˵Ϲ²ʲôϱɲˣҲûк͵ּҡ
ˣ˶ڳĸ˻˶ٶ˵ʲô׷ֹŶ㵽һȥ
ʲô Ƕ˵ˣΪԼǸʲôһӶˣڻܹ˵ϸ޶ѣ
ŰɣѵӾԲʲôֶεģ˳Ǹʲô£ҿ˵ڴ嶫ͷķֱˡ
һȺԴԽ˵Խף޷ʵڲ֪Ⱥˣߡ
ϲҲڴ˵ض໥ǣСָ˼ҡ
٣ǳϱƢģԸ޸ʵͽˣҪǻ˭ܵ˰Ȣ˸һ
и̲סЦ㶮ʲô˼ҾҪ㣬Ȼֵ˳ԣҼǵϱյҵʱɲԸ񡭡
صҵϵ׿һȴԼѣϽѸ첲ȥϾǸģ첻̫ã
ˣһ԰οǾǸӣʲô˵ʲô˵Ҳӣϣϰ˾ͺá
ܵһҲûΪԼû취ϰЩ˵ĻѶô໰˵
ԣûСпһۣȷѣϿӰ
ƺر𲻿Ƶģվ߶һŻԼҵ
˺һŭ˹ 󣬵ϵʱﲢûˡ
ܵǰץ˼ҵʲô
ѡǰȥ뽫ִȴȴ³Ŀһİ쳹СС
.

һ£Ӳ

ҲСɻ紵ɹƤֲڣڱôĵͷˣ
ŭĿԲĵѵĶģҺԲϷˣ㵹ãôѻҲ˵һ㡣
ȢϱﰡӶｻˣŮ˲Ÿ㼸찡ͶôãôҲѣ
͵͵̾˿㵲Լ󣺡ҲǰѸɻ׬ӶļѾԼ򰡡
ߣʲôӶˣȻǶңڸѵĶģСӶˣ
ʵǲͿʼҲˣһǶʮӸϱǸܼϱ
Щõ˵˵ʲôôǰܼϱˣӶԼ׬ģԼôˣ
οһȹϴʲôѣֵôͲأϱ
˭ҪӵϱĬĬ˵
׬ӣʲô׬ӣҪڱԼ׵ϹҲ֪Ŷȸһģҿ˽صġ
ͱ˵Ķһ˵ſѾվ˺Щ֣һȥ֮ǰ²ͣЩˣ
ͿɣҲ¶ʲôˣǡ
ǿʵﻹ֪ǮӵТӰ
ͲˣӲһ㣬ҲװǶׯںôôõѶ԰ɣο⻹ûּңҲ̫ʰɡ
ǣҲûзּҾԼˣǿɵ˵һˣ
ǺùµվſڴжǶĲҲǵ£ƫҪ졣
˰ǻıͦøֱûУɶ˵ĲأҪǶ¾͸Ͻϸӷһ£ҩǮûء
ҺͷҪ׹ˣ㵹ãԼĵСˣôģӲ˾Ͳǰɣ׼Ż
ò˵ź죬ܰԼһ׵˿
ô˵ǲɿ治ܸ㣬ǧ׬ģڴҩ㲻óҾͳȥûʲô
.

һ£Ӹ

еĻȥ˸ɣ׬Ӷ㣬˰ɣҵӣθǲǣ
ϱأ˶ˣοӣҷϣ￪ڱ˾ҲǺɸֵġ
ʱ̲סˣ㲻ǲϱ˵ʲôҾźǵģ˼ҵѾūƵģĶū澸ӵĵ
ĽϱɲźչɷӵȻ㻹ôţ㵱
ǣϱ˵ĲϱҲ̫ˡ
ôͷˣȻϱܲסϱ۸ͷˡ
УͰ˵ģȢϱΪźģǻҪǵϱİӶһ㲻ʣĽȥδЩ˰ɣλɩǾأ
㿪ʼվһԵСϱǣжŲվ˵
һʱ֮źϱҲǸиĵǹֵģҪļ
ɲˣקҲ˭׬ģĶ԰ɣǾôɣȿж١
ҴǡʮӸһ壬Ҿͷ뿪ңҲӶ꣡
ʮӣĶô࣬ʮôˣ㲻ŵĿôɴ˵һӡ
˵ʮʮһһ᲻֪Ͻң˸Ͻˣʡ
ҪթһʣҲ϶Ϊ뿪һӸġ
кηӦ̲סˣ̰ʲô˼ȻѾҵϱôٻȥ
Ϊ˼Ѿ˼ƽʱҲ˰ɣͲܼһͭ𣿡
һˣΣô죬ͬʱЩֻţ㻹ҪʮȻ뿪
磬㻹Ȣϱˣӽôˣֲǲã㲻һС»˺ˣ
һվŵ籧ԹĲҪ˵Ҳǵһױһףǰ˵磬˵һһиͣ
.

һ£ϱ

ΪͲһأɫЩʧ䣬ʵҲ֪ǿ˽Ըǲܵģ
ǱҪˣϸµѵҪһɣû˰ڿǱ˰ϱǲǣûĵĴ
ǱˡùһëҲЩ
ʱһֱһԵϲͻȻվ΢ʵĶ㲻Ҫֵˣ׿ֻϴѣÿջܶҪϴ¡
µĴϵϲһҪģȻ᲻øԼһģͲҪ˵ˣ
ϲԼԣ·ܵʲô˺һ
ȻԼͷǲڵᣬίҲи˵ӰɣĶˣԼ׬ӸǺѣĹһ
ǣƽϲʲôӦҲҿǺõдǶӣ۰
Ҳ֪ϲǲѹˣҪĸŮһһһơ
Ҳ˳ۿվϲǰ˫ſССȴһֻĸСһ
̣㲻۸ˣҪͳ
Ҳ֪СĶ˵ǻˣ
ҲһʹҲͻȻĿɬ
һȱİţֱһһı㰧ϣǿһСӶҷˣ⵽˭۸˭
ѽϱ⺢ҲడͲҪˡ
ǰҪǶһϱֵӸţϱԺҲҪ˼ӶˣϾ⻹Ҫأ
ϱҲǸˣôֻһӣģԴ˵Ӿǲһ
һп˵ֵĴ׷ƫ˵ò˵ٶȸһ죡
ôклֻƫߵһ˵еûɶܵ˵
ǡͻȻǰǴδйᣬʮֻҵĴϢѾ֪Ҫ˵ʲôˡ
.

һ£

ô˵ԺһԼ׬Ӹһ룬ԼҪһ޶أҲûƫǸϲǶһҪġ
ҪУԺôҪòҲʵû취ҲֻһӣһӵĸףТҲչ˺ǣλүǾôԲԣ
ȷԼ̬ȣȡڳͬﲻϰƵģʹЩĸֱ߹ߡ
һȰ˵Ѵ²ʹ˸䣬ֱ˶ɢȥųص̾һȻңƣһϯȫ
ƣģֻһοûˣԺ׬һһ㣬Լʲô򣬲õˡ
̧ϸĿһۣĿһ˫۾⼸㵹Щ仯ȻΥ׵Ļˣ˹
һ仰ĵĿޣγܻӮˣȻֻ׬һӣҲǲСĽˣ
ﶼһģֻΪǵ㶫סˡ
ҹ
һĿڳԱ˱׼Ϣڼըˣһڶûгԣ
վǰ ȰٳԵɣҲܶԼҪǶֿˡ
ʲôɳԵģˣﻹԵȥǳӲˣȻҸӷһ룬ԳԳԣ֪Ҳ˼ͭôͼô
ｫԼһӵĻй̻ʵɷϣٶͷ谵˿
״Ͻתĳޣҵʲô𰡣Ҫ־͹㣬Ҷߴʲôа磡
Ϊֻ֮ܰߣȻҶɵֻ»ᱻƵתǲ֪жӣҲܿ˱
˵С׬ô׬أһѵļƣԶ϶ӿ϶٣ҪȻôִŵģ
Ļеĳ˲ͱϣиֳ뷨
׬Ŀ϶Ҳʲôֶ׬ģﰡҾǻǸϽƲϵĺãʡ촫ʲôǼҵ
.

һ£úÿ

ǣǱܻ϶ԼҲ˼ңҲʲôӲӵˣܸС
ΪĸŮ˼뵽һԽòˣ
ڶ峿
˯ȴ˻ѣȴ۾ֻǵö
˯˹ѾӰǰԼ˵ҪȥһˣԼһ˯㷹ԣ
ϲ˯һɣʱȻ˹
ϵ·е裬԰Ūãˣϲŵܵϴϴȥ׸緹ԡ
ϲͷԹԵŵܵܵСȥϴó鷬п飬ˮտкõķŽȥץһһҲŽУ
ЩԼȱһݵľὫϲ˹
һеӱ֪ҪͷˣԼǸˣССȾܹˣ
ҪͷЦʱദʮֺá
ҵͷЩε˵ͷôңôأͷǸأ˯˯ˣ
ʲôԼͷһԼˣż˱ƼϲгŵǱķ
һ߹ϲһЦ汿Ҳ֪ ķŪ˿޲ޣ
ץֱۣһİ֮ɫŲޣ׻ھͺãһһһ
ôأЩʧЦЩ˵仯Īˣһ֮ǰųӵģ
żǰˡ
Ц£ŷǰԼᷢڼϲԷĹȥŻʲôģ
㻹Ǹ˸β˵ķ٣ȻЩͬҲûʲôϵ
ţǼұ˧ͷһϵССүеһأ
ʲô˧磿ںڵ۾ɻ㡣
һʮַܵĻص˧ǳĺÿ˼
һȻ˼ԭǿĺÿ
ʰñԶڹǰϲ֣õϲˣѾյĺˣˣϲ
.

һһʮ£˭Ʈ

ϲ¶һЦݣմϵĳߵߡ
˰Ҳûʲôϲʵףôˣ
û°ϲӵͷʵķָ˼ȥֻðǰǸ΢ıһ¡
ϲҲͦ⣬ԼͷȻɢͷ鷳
ʱз׻ζҲƮ˳ֱӽڴϲ˸ѡ
һڣɻѶûдñӸ˯˳
磬ﻹʵףζ˭Ʈģ
ôζò϶ҰɣֱǳʲôóԵأ
ڵɣҲֻкóԵܽ˾ǺóģƽһģһóԵǾ͸ͷһܵı˭졣
ôһ˵ֱˣͳӣȻƼǸªСдð
һȾ˼Ժܣ󣬿лµ·ѻûð
ϵʱ׼ҿǿôˣȴϲһûӦԼͱһɴһߡ
ֱֱײһԵľͷϣֲڵƤƤˣ̸оֱʹĸо֣
һŭͷʲô
֮ŵϲһ£ﶼһŭһ
ʲôҲͿ緹ʲôعȴһŭŵܶࡣ
ǣڸһƵһͶŵζͺۣûˣ
ˣ˵Ҳôô
һ˵ﾹȻûɵľĻţ˼ӵô˵ģܶҺ㳳ˣƢôǸܵ㣡
զˣ㴳ҿֱۣ˵仰ǰɣʲôҴʲôǶԵǰɣ
һһƽڰ׷۾Ī顣
ϣôˣϵĳʲôأԶĶˣ
ﲻ֪ǺõʱһͻȻԭиھ鿴ʲôˡ
.

һһʮһ£ǿɲ

ϱ֮ʮֲãһߡ
ĸоûе֣ͷһȴĸ첲Ѫˣ
״Ͻѯʵϱôˣզôһ飡
ϲ֮ǰָ˵ӣͻȻİһߣЩϲƵġ
һ߶ȥ˵ĶСӲķݶǳϲȻڵЩ£ϲ
ƽﶼָűˣָŹοǸСӣһʱ֮Ҳʮա
鿴ʲôµĴ׷ֵȥʵӰǸɶʲôܺú˵ҪԸϱأ
һߣҲ̫õԵһֱڴ˭֪һϷʲô裬ϴŶӹŮҼҴ˵Ҿ￴֪ĻΪǹʲôʼء
˵ĿпȥֻһͨķˣڳĴ񶼲ΪΪǹ㶯ֵģ
˾ˣϱǸʲôӲô𣿿ϱѪģе˰
Ʋһֱۣ̱ƸѪֲʲôǧС㣬ʲôҾͿʲôУ߲ǺƵģ
һƲϵģ־ʲôóԵĲ͹ȥɣҪȻҳϧˣǵ㷬ѡ
Ļ˵˼Ļ˵Ӱһѣ㲻ҲҪɣο͹㹻ԵĶһ
ֻ鷬ԸֵģŪ˰׷Žһ
ǵҪʲôҺͺǹĺһҪô˳ǣǵˣǸɴֱӷּҺˣȥŪֱۣ´λôͲˣ
Լĸ첲֪жί
ǴĲһ˵һŵĻû˵Ҫּҵ£Ķſ˵ķݶ˵ڣʲôҪģ
ϸһԽҲܷ֣Ȼ϶ŷķǼһĶǿɲС
.

һһʮ£Զ

ʵʵС֮ˣĪ˵ǸһĶֻҪܸһӷֿסʲôҪǵĶ
һ̫鷳ˣЩԶԶĸҪ
Ȼ˼ҷּǿɾͺúദɣô쳳ˡ
ˣϱҪ¾ô˰ɣϾţͲҪƽˣ
һģϱѶ֪ã
֪˭ô˵һ䣬ź֪ķﻹӣԼûá
ʱżԼҪԼڼҪ·ʱȱӰŻԼܣ
ͻȻôЦû뵽Ҳ˾ȵһ졣
ֻлﶢϵˣҪү㿴ɣ
һЦҪģոллɩˡ
лɶÿԽԽԽǸµˣֻϧôöԸţǸɵʵϱסģ
Ǹ԰ο㼸䣬Ȼ׷ɢȥһ뿪ġ
˶ߺϲΧԣС˵ײ£㴵Ͳˣ
ӵͷѹеŭ𣬴Ӷ¶һ΢ЦԣոҲŵ˰ɣʵҲû뵽Լôĺ
˱ǸƷ˺ɴûܵĶԴ˵ˣĪĴڲϣ⻻˭᲻˰ɣ
úǲҪһСϣԵʱȼʢǸ̶ȣԼǻᱻջˡ
ȥϴϴ첲ϵѪɣҪүүϲĵĿ㣬СԻģԼϻ˿ڣ
ǼѪȴᵣĵĲˡ
үүæС˾ͲҪʱˣԼܴˣȥϴϴ˿ڣǵȻͳ緹
ںӵǰ㾡άǿһ棬үôûҪȥ룬Լܴġ
򵥵Ĵһ˿ڣصʱϲѾʢ࣬͵ˡ
ûʲôˣϲŷĵĺһ࣬ԱԺ˶¶飬һҲ౥ˣ
.

һһʮ£

˶ӣȻֻеۣ㻹ϴϴѣһȥߴˮûǸࡣ
·ʱٴͼԺѰйļ䣬ȥҲ벻㶫йһؼĶ
ʵи򵥲ķʱԼʲôϵôԼǻ⵽ɣұ˿Ҳδ֪ԼĹϵɣ
һѰ˼˯֮ţԼɽȴûһӰ͵͵ĸ
׼ɽŲҩֱϣȻ첲ϵ˲أҵҩһܲдģ
˺óһ·һ׵ҩģʵСҪŵġ
һ̾ŤͷһȴԼȻЦôôма
ô㣿ôʲôھ֮ģ˳־űߵһľϧľϵѾһʱ䡣
ķɣڽʵˣƴһӾͻϵˣ
ǸƹӣüøƹҪ𣿿ҴԶֻܹΪһ棬㾹˺ģղı仯ͦģƯˡ
Ŀ㣬ԽԽеС
ҸʲôҶ˵㲻ˣٸ˵Щеûģҿû¸ˣ
Լ̬ʵǲװε̾˿û㿴ǹĲʳҹ˼ߵġ
Һ˵Ҫٲ˵Һ㵽ʲôϵҿɾǸ񾭲˰С㣡
ҪĪĳ˵ʲôԼúܶġ
òߵǸ˾ɣϹ䣬ʳҹ˼ߣǺЦҲ
ҵȻĺøˣ񾭲ʲô𣿡
һ㿿еԼ͸ģ֮ио˺Σվˡ
Ҿ㣬ٸСҴ㣬˵ģСĵˣҲúٷϻ¾ݻҲ״ʲô˼
Լתɽߣɽ¾˼дˣҲʲô飡
.

һһʮ£һ

󣬻Ծõ˵Ҳôң֮ǰ˵ϲҵģѲЩǼٻ
ˣѾǱ˵ӣǻҲطУ
ԭϲˣò˵۹ʵЩʵƲʲô˵ĵطֵطʶֶĶǺõİɡ
˵ڵĻ˲ʵǾΪ˵ˣ㲻ǲϲǸǱȥģ͸Ǹƾɵļһӣ
໹ੲݣҲԽԽС治±
㻹еµģ±˷ԲظԼ
ɴʱͣ½Ųܲܺ˵壺ŮӣɲǾӣ˵ˣǸ˵㣬ֻҪҺúŬܻкõһ졣
ʲôʸҪҪǸһӣ˵ĺж฻ԣһ㽻ÑӲҲǴõġ
ҿɸ㣬Ӷ벿ֶģ൱ڹ˽ӣ㲻ĴжҲˣĻҪǽǰôǾΪ
һֱ˵ƿԣ˺һŷӦˣʮִϻˡ
ҲǶʥˣҸո˵ЩûеԼĥȥպҪңҺûаϵˣ
˵˻תɽߣﻹֹһ鷳
ûֱס󣬻ûתͷϲ㰡ΪǵСҲֵˡ
⻰ֱЦָԼЦ㿴úÿ𣿡
ජ˺һдʵ˵ȻǺÿˣ˵ˣҲֻˣ㳤ĳ󣬵ֻҪбģ
гԼ֣Ȼƣ˵ҲĻȻôˣ
ΥĻ˵˿ǻŶҿɲԼĶжãһôϲҿҲȱϲ˰ɣҺõĿ϶ǣȥ˵Ļɣ
С浱ûаֳ⣬ȥŪЩСȥɡ
һͷۣôźأ
ۿҪߣûȥ׷ĵҲģ㲻žˣҸ컹ġ
.

һһʮ£ү

ûһ·Լңû೤ʱ䣬˯һСҩǽһư
һǸӦûɽɣҪȻȥˣ
ʱһһιȥ˺һٶɽһεûʲô鷳˳˳һѲҩһֶͷ洦Ҷ
˺ôѻȥ׼ϴͷãɽʱһ˳ɽʱȴүŸ¨ӦҲҪȥҩ
үɽҩȻкȻүһۣһҲ˵ʲôһֱеҩݡ
һֱţЩ̣ЦʵүһֱеҩݣҷһЩҲò꣬мþȷһɣ
ȴڰ֣ãԼðɣϱҲ˵ˡ
ҾͲָˣҳʱҲˣϲҲ˯ˣøϽȥˣүæɣɽʱСĵ㣡
ĵү䣬ɽˣǰദ֪үƢʱе֣ȴǸܺõˣԲŻᷢĵɽҪСġ
һ·ߵſڣƼϲűվſڣƺڵԼƼԼӰȶ˹
һ˽ԼУһһȣʱ㶯á
һҩݣЦ˵ʲôʱ˯ѵģôҵȰ
ô˵Ц ΪˣǹⱧŲ˵ʵǾ𣿲ǵأֻȥɽЩҩ
̧ͷһеĲҩίɽ ҲܰҲҩģ˯ҲˣΪ㲻ˣ
ģĺˣɿ׵ȰɣɽϹһȦҵôҩǰۻˡ
⻰˵ʵϾڻǲľʱϵĲҩȻʲôҲܻ
ҵЩѾǲˣϲĻſϷſ
صӼһעһһο
ǵŽҩԼ˿ϣԭЩȸе˿̸еһӶࡣ
.

һһʮ£ݶ©ˮ

˵ҲǴɣմɽձƴƬգۿŽһҪ£
ϲһƱ㿪˵֮ůģȻܿ͸øׯˣʱرæ϶Ҳûʲôʱȥ˸ɻˡ
СԴϸ˵û£껹أʱҲˣȥûҲ֪˳᲻©ˮ
һ𡣡ϲԸ£һȥ ƸСβһȻʲôæһֱ档
ҲǡñӶĸ˱㲻ȳˣ
֮࣬ǰһһԣθˬڣϲ˲٣СӶԲĹĵˡ
ʰ꣬Ŵһͬ٣¶ȶʱϲıŵܵСѵУû˯ˣ
㻹ԵĲ٣˯ôѹ᲻᲻ܿͱȡ
ģסСʮûаȫУŰס磬ûͱҲŵˣѱ˱ѵС
ֻȥľ˯ţôûϣʲô⡭
֪еڰҲ֪ʱȥ˶ã˯ѵʱſж
ÿãܿߴӰ˽ϡϵѻµˮӴͷĥӴ
΢ĹâЩǱӰϣ̲סʵôҲŰɡڻʪ͸ˣҲرȣĲҪȾ˷纮
Ҫģ㡭û˯𣿡վڴššԼϵˮ۾ȴǶ㡣
ֻҡҡͷȻ׼´ˣһʪ͸ҲҪϢˣ򷴶᲻̫ġ
ҲֻԼϵӰˣĻʲôûй
Ȼ˵ˣ㻹ľû´ԾĽӶϨˣ֪Ϊȴһܣ
ܿ㶯Լʪ͸ѣɵģڼڴȴ͵͵˼Լܿܺá
뺦ļƷȴȫһһ£˾ʮ
.

һһʮ£С׬һ

Ҫ˯ˣϽŲŲһСԼ˯ԣ˸ߴӱЩӵˡ
㱾ľģκⴲĿޣܸоǶڴϵʱȽܡ
θǸоԽԽϰڵˣϴֱ֮Ӻţһֻ첲űӴϣ
˺ð죬ʵ̲סˣִϸ
ǰ𣺡ⲻǴ̫Сûط𣿡
Ĭ˰Ҳûȴ֧֧᣺ʵ
ʲôҲû˵ʲôֻԼһ䡣
Ŀİ˵㿴ôķꡭ²´
ֲСӣôЩûзӦ˳˵£Զջ˴Լϵ֡
˺һŷӦǾԼҪԼ˯
ģȸӲֱоȻ뵽ЩʱЩˣ
ʵ㲻ִûһ̵ס˵˻ڵûаȫС
ܾû©갡ʲôģ
Ҳ뵽һ㣬ĿǰֻŬ׬ЩӣȻɻֱӸĽһӱȽϺãʡõʱĵġ
ΪҲ˯ţֻӰ˯һֱҶֱ˯ְִ֮䣬§
Ҳֻ˯ŵʱһǶ˶ϵܰ㣬ÿʱеİԺȻ˯š
ֻÿα͵͵ģ㻹ûвʵԼÿ඼˯ģȵڶʲô֪ǱȽ䵭
꽻ӵҹ˯ޱȰȣֻһû˯ͱѡ
۾ǲκη¶ģȥһ㴺ƹҶЩ͹ȥĵĸˣ
ǡýܹ꣬ڵסǳĶҺЩġ
һ⻰࣬ѱڵҲܷſֽȥɻһֱ賿ʱ֣Сչ
һܹʮɳԼʮͷȥ㴺С׬һˣ
.

һһʮ£һɰ

⿿㶫˵ҪԽԽõĽࡣ
Ϩ˳ĻѶɳԼͷװãĿðϸȥȥæ˴ҹ Ҳۻˡ
ϲǻδѣԼڴ˯һٴɫѾҲͣҪ࣡
ͷ׼緹˷࣬峴һСˣеζԽһⷬ塣
ûгңҲ㲻֮ҲûʲôҪˣĺ춹Լ涼ˣ׼ȥϹһЩ
ôЩˮûҶϴͷҶŵͦЧģϴ֮ͷű˳ˮһЩ
øɲԼͷšɣ㽫ױеǸ˳׼ŵʱͷ
ͷȴ죬ϲɫһ䣬ϲӦ죬һץеӣ˳־Ͳƾɵ档
ʲôأڼһŽյģ֪ĻΪ͵͵ɶ˵أ
ƿű㿴վıֱϲڴߣֻûע⵽ֱߵӣԼɢŵͷ
ԼͷΪܸʲô˵£ҲյˮϴͷˣȻĻζҲ̫ˡ
˵һͷҲܿͷģԵĿһͷƤм
Ҳ֪Ǽûϴͷˣ϶һζˣôҲǸɾŮӣľͲԼҲɾһء
ǿʲôɾĶһۿ㣬ʮ˵ϵϴʲôͷûûģеû¸ˣòҸҸɰ
ֱҪЦϴͷôûûˣοϴġ
˵ȴЦĿԼԹԵ˵ŶҵϱǸбµģԼ׬ͭ廨ˡ
ĶõҸʲôɰ㵹ͬ˵˵Ǹʲô׬ôЩӣԵĻҲһɣʡԺҪˣ
պ֮⣬ϧȴ֮ɫֲСӣôῴ汻˻ء
ϸһ£Żص˰ɣϾʹˣǺϰɣ׬ӵķӲʺ㣬һᱳʹˡ
.

һһʮ£Ȣ

ɲǳİͣÿŵʱҪһ϶ʹģ
ƺ뵽˱ȥ㡭㻹ȥ˼˵Ĺ׬ӣҪСӣôͰ˻
ôͲҪˣԼ뵽ȥˣҵĸɸɾĪҪȥ˵˵
ûзӦﻰ˼˻ϳϣװɵ˵㰡ɷ˵СӲģôҲһףҲѸһû
ʲôҪ˹ҵ飿ǲҲڹ֪֪ҪģϱʲôҪǴȥĶ鰡
̾ͺ˵˼ôȥ룬Ӱб˵׬Ӿ׬ģ绹ܸ幤ǮҾͲԣ
Ȼ±֪ڵĸʲôˣҸòҪܻŷ飬һ׷Ź㣬е͸Կ
ͻȻߵǰҪĸ첲šһӣ㷴ӦѸݣһĿ缦צһ֡
Ҹ㣬Ҳ˭۸ˣ֮ǰҲ˸첲һûƽϣ㾹ȻҪٶҶ֣
ڴӴվ˵һϾ˵ʱľǰǰһˡ
ǾﲻһҲ˵
ô㻹ҲɣҸ㣬ҶֱǲТʱ˵Իֹģ
ϵʱѹôҲȢϱȢϣȰһ㣬ԺŮҲ޲ȥ
⻰˵ĿĻְԸҪȢ磬˼һǲܵģΪܼܲ޺öһ
ٸҶԣҲ˺졣ܻʲôԼΪãҲݲñ˵Լ㲻ã
ǣҴˣ𣿡ĺٷϻߡ
ߺģҲҪ߶䣺˭أ⻹ûǷּңҲҵķӣˣҸߡ
.

һٶʮ£ĸԴ

󾯸һ䣬ٸЩ۵飬ӰҵҲ˼ϸԼƤɣҾ͸úù̹ܽܽ㣡
аô˵ʲô׬ոҲԼݵĲԣˡ
ԭļͻȻһ飬ʱŮûɷҲܵĻֿά
ΪǸеԼ˫˫ŶڣôͲԼԼοԼһܳԺȵأúŬȥ϶⣡
ִ˵˼룬˵Ҹ˹α̣Լ
ȵߺһ߲ûҿĺ˿ϲٺ˵ҺӲصļʱҪǱ̿Ȼߵģ
£ˣǲôҰԼҲй˼ɣǾͺðˡ
ЦϲСҲԵ˳Ҳǰһʲô⣬Ҫֵģ
ͷӳˣҴеķرﻹܰһȻìܷ
ǰϵ·ϣЩѰ˼пҪߣܱٺ﷢ìܣԼҲϲ٣
ϲӼĸΪһЩϵʱ඼ҪʱӶͶˡ
ƮʳζĶӶλҪӳ
᲻ˣҪĺóԵİɣ
ͷϲȴ۾ŲԶӵ̯͵͵ʿˮԼǰεİӶġ
ϲ˰ɣǻҪ԰ӣ˵ĻԳԵģ
ĸԴ󷢣˵ܵĶϸġ
ҡҡͷСֽץĲȹôóԣôأԶģӳԺòã
ûôԹɣǽУѾǺܺõĶˡ
Ȼϲ̯ǰСǰ£߸ӣ
ӵϰӦһðó߸һľӶŷŵǰ
λãóϰ˵ţȻֻǵһ
.

һٶʮһ£겻ɢ

ϰעϲһԺϣ㳯ȥһۣһҪϰ徹Щ졣
ʵӿĻͷˣôͦء
㵹ҲĻһ䣺ǰҰΣϲԣⲻִˣϰǺüԣ
µǰ֮ǰǸؤһ۵Ůˡ
ϰֿߵǰŰӣϲûʲôԼԣһŸӴڵĳ
֭˳űóԼϴŵһӸ죬ͬʱԣҪ֭ҪŪ·Ŷ
ȻǺϴģƽϴѾˮϴˣҲûϴ·ۻϴ֮Ķã
òŴϴõķԼϴõģֻһ˼òѣΪĳɱȽϴֻЩ˻ǵٵϡ
㱾Ϊܶ徻ȴԸӵĹҲˣ࿴ʱŰӳԣ
ЩйصСһһһСڣȻһһҲ˾óѿȽľԼҲʳ󿪵֡
ҲǶģҪȥ㶫ԣ¼˼Ұ̯һ˿ȹƾֱ˼˹ȥ
ɰҲǲǾνԵأ
ԵĿģȴһԴϲͷۣܹ
۳⣬ᵱźӵҽɣ
ֻͷȴƫͷ˹ȥ״ҲΣԹԵ˵⺢ӣҲûңأ
ͻȻ㲻ôŵĿˣʣһİӣĺ࿪ڣãҰѰǮһ°ɣҳҲûдܶͭ塣
һ㶣Ӧ֮Ц氮ЦͭҲ˼ҵ̯ϳ԰ӰҲ϶ڶңҪûǮûǺأ
Ǿ´ٸ£㲻˵ҺȻȰҸٰǮûϵİɣ
ſںߣĿľһ࣬ʡԺ겻ɢĳߡ
.

һٶʮ£

ȻЦЩǿʵ˶ٰӰӴҲ࣬ɻ˵أҲԸ㸶
ϸոճԵ߸ӣҲʮĸƷ˹ǹϵôõķӦòҼƽϰɣ
̲סЦЦͻȻôˣͼҲͦ˼ģ֪ԸǮֱӸ
˳ʮӺ˳İСһŮôô࣡
ҪӵĻһپͰԼ˰ԼҪƽӣ˼Ժ뻹¡
ԽԽÿɴ˵ѽһûôǮҪھͻȥȡһˣǵһ
԰Ӧ£ʵԺ϶ٻģһԼÑˣôƸԼǮ
һͬ⣬̾ͽŵĨ֮󼪣ŤͷϲϽԣϽߣ
ϲŰӣСм־֮ɫʵףǸ찡ǰʶˣ
ǲǵģԼ˵׺죬׾ͺܷǳϽߣҪٸ׷ˡ
˵ϲҲʲôͷҧ
Ӹӱ뿪˰̯תȥ춹Լ棬㻹һʯĥģȻҵ˵طʯĥȽϴġ
һ˿϶ܱʯĥ߻ؼңҲֻ´κһˣ
ϲ˵СʳСߣ˳ֻռ׼ϸԣ׼ؼˣһŰӶĺ춹ǸɵĵҲûж
ֻռúҶ˼㣬ܵڸסζȻ˺춹ﱳţ
ʱ㷢ԼѾúܶˣٱŵ㶫߻ؼһǿԵģտʼߵһ۵
ؼ֮ʱıߣʡı˿£һ·ƽƽĵˡ
ؼ£һ¸ڵĶƺﶼûڣҲû¸ɣ׼һĶɳ
ȾȰѺ춹ϴˮݵһϣʱֵĻõ˰ҹܽһ
˵ɾ͸ɣЩˮԼˮڼϲѺ춹ϴɾʢŵľͰ棡
.

һٶʮ£Լ

ֻˮһˮݾһУȹˮ£ֵʱ䣬æץ࣬ϼ鷬
ʲôˮȻѾϤǾȽϻʱ䣬һˮƶҪһСʱʱ䣡
ղ˼ңżƮζĽŲļӿ죬ֻһӺͺӡ
߽ſڱϷЦĶϣ̲סҲȥ
Ŷ룬ͬʱſڵһˣʲôأԶĶϲĵЦˡ
ôϲЦô󣿡ϲգգһ۾϶ǵҽЦûô
Ϸأȥϴ׼ԷˣкóԵġЦһ´ȥѹŵʢö˹дϴֻռ
ʱѾˣźҶŵ£ζܳȥڵļͷǣŹؽ˳ŲŸҴ򿪺Ҷģ
˺Ҷ¶ѾѹǵռĿˮ̾Ҫ㰡
һ˵׼˺ȷŵԼֲŸȶ־ȻҲ׼˺Ǹȡ
ָӴһܸоϵ¶ȣȻٵԼ֣Ҳ˺һ
˰죬ôüˣ
һ֮һģ˼ȷŵ
ȻʣһֻȣЩҪ㻹ϲˣȻԼ־ͰһȻŵͷϲУ
ϲ̧ͷһۣеľϲôҲڸǲסģɼҲԼȵģֻǲ˵ѣͳԣ㲻ԡ
ϲҪȷŵﻹֹţÿ춼кö϶ҪԵģ⼦ϲͲˣ׻ߵԣ
ߵıڿмȵĶͻȻסһڲź֪֪Ҫȳԡ
ȴҡҡͷϲԣôأϲҲҪ尡ǲǻУҶǼ⣬ûʲôģ԰ɣ
˵˵ҲϲҳԼȣֻÿϣȰϲ䡣
û뵽ȰԺϲˣɴ˿ԼĻð
һٷĸ˳ԵĶͦȥʰһ¹ư裬ѼͷǱ￴϶ҪǷǡ
.

һٶʮ£첲

һûǱһЩȥһֻĸ˹ԶһһֻģҲ̫÷֡
Ȼһ㶼ָǣǾʲôҲҪǷ֣Ȼһ粨һýַھӿЦѾˣֻܾԼ֮ìܵķ
ʰһУӺһ˯ȥˣȥܵҲȽۣԶ˯ĸأ
Լһ£Ȼ֣һͭŵУǮǸˡ
ȻִӻͳһǮͬУ׬ӣ׬Լҵͷһɣ
Լ׬һͭ壬Լа˾ʮ׬ЩҲǲˡ
ʱô׬ôͭģҵʲôûˣϳȥļҲʣ
ÿ糾͵ĻҲ֪ʲôɵĻ㻹Ҫһġ
˼ҰᶫʲôĴֻ󣬱˰᲻ܰᶯõͭҪһЩ
ֱ۾Ҳû˵ѣҲûôֱ࣬ӰԼ׬ȷźãȻĹǮֱӷֳ룬һ׼콻
Тģ㲻˿ֻϣٸԼǰ־ͦˣ
հӷźãֵ̧ʱȴԼֱе㲻ԾûϨ׼鿴һֱ۵ƣ˳ٻҩ
ֱϰŲѯʡ
첲ʲôʱˣ
ϡڵҲûʲô˵ôˣһ˿ڣһȥҲûн裬ûз׷׵ļ
˿ڸҲģһжõĻȷ˿ûأ㽫Լ쵷ûҩ˳׼ٷ˿ϣ
ôôСģСʲôֱĨôȥү
ı鿴ЩżȻֱϵ˿ڿ̫ء
ɽϲĲҩǰиʲô˿ڶժԼһȻ˿ںܿͻģ
үôûҪͷ˼һˣο˶ǣԼξͲʱˡ
ץסеص㣬ܲȷʵǰˣ
.

һٶʮ£±

ϸҲǣ˵ĵƢʮֲãͬһŮĸųҲãҲסŮ
ܰǶǳ£뵽һ£߹ȥֱۣ
һʲҪ㻹ǰԭڼӣԼڵĴǿ࣬û
һֱĻϣԼԺܹĺЩֻǿϧ˺ӻû뿪ˣ
Ϊʲô޸㲻֪ԭļûȷĽҲֻ֪ԭԸˣǾ̫ֱӺǿƵйذɡ
ֱۣҪ׼˯Ϩ֮ڴϲȥŪֱۡ
ȵ˼Ҷ˯ˣź֪ķ㲢ûиֱô˵ģԼСŪģǡŪ˵أ
˯ҲûĽԻǵһɡ
ûȵҹһӴ˯һһжҲ͸
һΰѵģס˵ʲôȥǽɳͷˣ
㻹ű𣺡֪ǼﶹɳûˣȥһȻŪģԼ˯ɣ컹Ҫȥɻ
ƺΰ֮ûԶУһ䣬Ҳʮֿɰ˯
΢ѹ֮Ĵ·Ͷȥݺõĺ춹УûɳһָߵˮȻ󵽺춹þͺã
ڼԼҪһСʱСʱִĻҪѹֶģվ΢Ҫܶࡣ
˺ü㿪ʼСԴһһĵġ
ʱıһΣʱۻˣ
㣬ӣҪȥ˯ɳɡɳģֻһԼҲͼ²ˣԲŸ˺˵
ҪҲ˵˯ܹһѹڻյʢˮѾʼð
Զ£˳𣺡Űѷ磬ⲻ±˳æĸ첲ǻˣóġ
.

һٶʮ£ɳ

㵹νСˣСͣġ
㻹û˵ôŪ˸첲ģҲڵʱֺ緢ìˣ
ļʲż޸˼ңƢôҲֱӸ˶֣ȥø
ֱӰ쵽Ļ£ȻôܾԼĸˣϾ㲢ôСĵˣ˵Ѿ˸࣡
Ȼĵͷƽ˵ȷɵĺ£˷ǳԣζ˵Ͱһߡ
Ȼأ
Ȼֱ۲ڲˣֱ۾ôˡʵкö໰ú̸һ̸ʵڲ֪ô˵Ǹˡ
Ļ֮Ĭ˺һð֮һ䡣
ίˣ´ٸôֱӸң취׽
֪ʮֵദ᲻÷ߣԽԽԼ˽ģڿܸɵĹȥ˱ҿ϶Ҫڹĺá
һϸ룬ǸϹԼȫӽǲģȻǸ˲ռģ
˺ƽദʲô£ͨ˵ҪһǮʱҲûԣԼǾǸøģҲû˵ʲô
һҪҪúܶˣԽǺദԽ˵Ĳԡ
ʱ֮󣬹ĺ춹඼ãһܶȱȽϸߵ׷ϴɾľͰ棬ӽõĺ춹Ҩ棡
еӷѹϵĺ춹˵ľͰľǶɳһЩƤ棬ѹ֮ʣµĶƤʱŵһľ
һĺ춹˳ɳʣµƤһģ
⻹ǶɳȫãϴɾȻһЩͣԼƽʱõȻԵеġ
ѹ˺õĶɳŽУǰõİټЩΣ֮ûйˣһֱŹеĶɳֹ׻
˵Ǽ۸Ҳʮְģʱϰ彲ǽһϵ¾޽Уʲôѩ֮Ĵ껰û
.

һٶʮ£

һСİȻҪǮӲſǮ൱һӵһ룬һϵĶɳδֱһӣһǸò˼Ρ
ֻǿϧСֻһϰǣĵط˵ˣû˵
ĶɳĽ±ԽŨҲĻƱ㷭ɳƵȴԽԽߡ
ֱɳﵽǸʵĸʪ̶̰ѹµĻϨ𣬲Ȼ᳴Ĺɣɳˣ
ɳӹʢľͰȻǺľͰϵĸӣֹлҳ棬ʰһ֮Ѿ΢΢ˡ
Ϊû˯һֱǷģæ˵Ȼһʱȥɫ磬ҲŻصһ
һֱ˯ȵȻûӰӳԹʰ֮Ѿ硣
նԼ˵ĻԼµļʮͭ׼ȥǡԶ˵Ц
֮߳ȷվڱ˼ſڳƪôЬӣãֿտյվһߺòУ
Ҳ㣬˸۲ֹ˿ڿˮǸҰ帾Ϊֹ˴ס
վһƪļӾȻûոմٶʲôףЦǺǵæԼЬѣ
Ǿϲ˼ʹǿҲûҪȥ˼ȻλҪǰһˣ
Ž°վӴǳƪҪء
û߹ȥȿڣվһƪһⷴģͻȻ£˵׼ȻкϷ
ֻ㲽ݵ󻹸һͯŮһĺӣϲʵģٱ۸
˫ֱûĻصɶ£
㽫øͭ˳֮ͭ巢
ⲻ׬Ǯǰ˵ҰѸøӸù¹һ˵𣿡
ʮͭһ̾Ͱ˵۾סˣ׷ĽĿ˵бˣʱ׬ôͭ⻹ֻǷָɩӵһ룬ѹֿϸϱһһѴ˰
.

һٶʮ£Խ˵Խû

Ҫ˵ϱи̯ϸܸɵɷͶӣɱǺöˡ
ʮֱĽĸо˵ͭ˹
ûһӵĹſʵøͭ㲻ٸңԼ˿ɣ
·֪ƵģһίӣӴǳ˵ӵĻͭԼֺøҵġ
ҷŸŵĻҪһЩң
˵ҲȰ
ȻԷֺõģǿ϶ٲ˵ģ⺢ӴҺÿɶ֪ģϱͺúŲҪˡ
ֱڿֱ˵ɩӿڸв֪Ⱥ˶ҪĽˣ⡣
Խ˵Խû˰˵Ĵĵõ㣬һʱ֮Ҳûмͭ飡
Щ˵ѸøĸҲûʲôˣȻҲƪ˿֮˼С
Щ˵ҳҶ̵Ҫ˶þͻв֪иöӵģһٶܰ׬Сĺ
صµ㿪ʼԺǿյصע⣬ŷһԼֵʲôĵʱҲȳԡ
Ҳûʲô£ҳũ߱ĵһһСؾͳˣЩԭǰĸײֺܵС
ǿסԼļĶضڸܵģҪȻǼĵˣÿÿ뵽رЦ
ԭ׾Ͳ֪ǸΨһϣûԭļضĵʱǿʲôάơ
ҲΪʲô㲻ԸصǸȥԵʣǸŮ޴˷ָôõһŮʱԭǰԹΪʲôǸӣ
ط϶ǵƺ͸ҪһŮӰܸɵ鶼ˣҲǲӺõġ
ֱ˱
֪кüĶأڼȴûʲôӣ
ɻ֮ʱϲˡ
ףʲôأ
ҼŲֵʱ򳤳ǾժųԣôԶȥֻǼûУ
ʵҲֻԺȥһЩʱֵܲײ˽ʲôģǽˣԭ֮ǰڼʱԵģұȽϺó
.

һٶʮ£

ϲ˵ڼңǰǼҲԼʲô˳ԣϲҲûмŶҪȥ򣬻ȥ˭ҿûжĽһЩ
ǵǰģӲ˾ȥ˼ʣжľȫԼã᲻ûͭȥģͰռ˼ҵıˡ
Ȼ룬ԼڴҲûϤˣûʲôȥ˼ûжĲⲻ̫ã
ԻԼȥһˣ˳һЩɣҲֵ˼ͭ壬Ҫǰײ˺ܲҪһ㣬ȴ֪Щֺõܲײˣӵļ۸㲻ʲôˡ
ԭһֱڼּңʡͭǼԸԼһЩֲˣ첻ʩʽˮβ׽棬ҲԸ໨ͭȥ˳ԣ
ʵû취ˣеֻͭԭֵأʱҲ᲻ЪϢԼá
ľڵܵǰҲ䲻Ÿû㶼еɬ
ûӣһˣȻٲϲСβ͵ģغüС·ȥ
Ҳû߶Զ˻ﻹĸ˵Ц㻢һ䡣
ϱҪɶȥ
Ҳ˵ϼ仰ʵصۿůһЩˣڼֵˣضʰ˼ȴûһ߲ӡ
׼ȥһЩԼֵĵʱժʣӱȵʱ˳Ҫ࣬Ҳʡͭ壡
һЩĸЦЦ
ϱǸӵģȢ˸ϱӻԽԽõģ
Щ˵УۿŸ¶ȥˣûܣǽʵ׼ˣҪȥϵҲû˻ġ
ϧҼҵĶЩӸˣȻܷһЩʡһˣӣſɹ۵ģ
еӵȻ˵ۣӾûԣֻǰջ˿϶ǻ۹Ǻġ
˵Ҳù֣ƫԶСɽ˶ԲʲôöôӾô֣
ϵ⣬㲢һ¡
⼸źӳ˴ӣ߹óһξ˵·;С
.

һʮ£öѼѼѽ

ϱֱʳ꣬ǵطȻʳģҲ
ʳƹĳӭȥϣ˰Ҫʲô׻Ƿ
һƵƹҲòһЦ
β棬߲ӵģƹ϶вٵİɣ
УҸǵӻȫ֤Ҫġ
ƹӵķ䣬ֻڷźöʢĴŵǻֽдӵ֣
Ȼһԣ֪ﶼʲôӡ
㿴һ£׷ˮڴ󶹵ӶһӦȫעļ۸ֻдģĻܽܡ
ʵ󶹹ԭեֻͣҪüĴ󶹲եһͣص˶ǳֶ͵ģԭ
ǵеӶˣ㿴Ҫʲô
˼ˣź֪˼ЦЦƹҲЩӵģǵ߲ӣײܲЩӣҪؼһЩԼԺС
ƹôһ˲ʧ䣬ûʲôˣС˼ƹҲգ
ֻƹ﷭һ£СӣľҪˡ
ʮͭЩ㶼ߣ֣˵ľ͵ˣҲֵͭ壬պչҼͺã
ƹҲǸ۽𾦵ģƾйĴҲ֪ǸȱӵģɴôѣסһõĹ˿͡
Ҳˣƹл
ʳʵ׼ؼˣǼϲͦϲӣԱЩһɡ
ǸСɽ壬˵˰ɣûЩСˣϲ˿ޣûӲϲ
㽫׹䣬һǣһӣ߶߱ߣȴϲˡ
عͷһֻۣС۰Ͱ͵ĿŲԶһСѼӣСѼǸշûõģë׵ëǶɫġ
ʮֵĿɰʱסϲĿ⣡
ףÿɰѼѼϲ⺢ӿԲԺóԵģǿЩɰС߲ˣ䡣
.

һʮһ£һĸ

۾ﶼǿһֻȥɣСѼ̫󣬲׻̫ͭȥ
˵㲻ʲôҲһֻСѼӣؼұǿҪסֻûСѼһ˶ǵ⡣
˾ͲһˣرǼԼɶõģ
ǼϲҪСѼ𣿡ƽϲͷ˵ԼرҪ򣬴պѼŹؽһ㣬СѼӿһˡ
ϲ˵ԼСԴȴСһľᣡ
ҪȥǸʼ۸̫ĻǾͲҪˡ
Цһ˵СӣֻСѼжߣ״ֻȥϲҪŶ
ǣСѼӳ˻Ǹӳ˻ٷСѼӣ˱ˡ
ŸǰСѼǰһ䣺ţСѼôİ
Ѽ𣿡
Źʹ˶Ҳ˵ʲô
θЩ˵Ѽôģ
˵ɸ˳ƵģΧ˷׷߿ּһ˵ʱ״ԼŶҲûʲôϡˣ׷ָøɶɶȥˡ
һſ ˵һֻѼʮͭ壬ҪҪ򰡣
Ҳ˵ˣֱóʮͭݸţϲһѡһֻСѼӱˡ
СССѼӣϲСѼӸϲĲˣúӿһ㣬ʮͭ廨Ҳֵˡ
ͻȻԼôѼӣؼһҪǼѼ˱ȽϺãϲϲѼӵĳ̶ȣûҪѹһģ
˺һ֮Ȼʳ˳лŸ̳ӣȵȴʮֱͷϻϸСĺ顣
ƹſʵƹѹեĶͣ
ͷĶɣǴ󰡣һեͱ֮ǰҵĸեĶ죬ͦģԺɾаɣҸӼͭ壬һٷ
ƹͦˣһܸĸ˵Ļ˵ĹǮðԽԽ⣡
ллƹ񡭡룬ľӦ żмĶؿҪˣԼòҵôܷĺûɡ
.

һʮ£лú˵

ôΪĶؾأʱҲȥܵģԼúøɾͳɣ
Ҫ˵Ҳǲɣһܿեˣ֮ԲԼûãֻܿ׬ͭȥҲʲô׬ǮĻɡ
Ҳ֪ʳ꣬ǻؼҵʱ򿴵ԺСأԼֻɰСѼʱһʲ֪ȥʳӣ
ҲԼԺֲ˵Ҳûʲô෴ϲϲʰҵӡ
ԽԼȢ˸ͻݵĺϱסԽǿң
ڵڶȥ㴺͵ĵʱƹЩģƹ죬Ȼſˣ˼ƹҲûҪӡ
Ҳİˣοƹĺ顣
мǺ«ûҪؼҵ˼ֵĽתߵĹﶼϲЩʲô
˺ôһŷǴ඼ϲ֬ˮۣ֮С
ڱ˵̯ѡ֧黨£Ȼ˺̤֬ϻؼҵ·
ȴ֪Լӽ㴺һֱ˸٣͵͵Ҳû뵽Լôб£Ȼϵĵ⡣
һߵ಻ɵ棺 翴ʵͽò˵ģû뵽Ȼ⣬ˣδЩ̫ص˰ɣ
Ҿ˵ҶǱֵֹģԭģУҵøϻȥ˵˵ȥҶذ̫ˣǮһ
ģѹǵģɿѼˣСӻôʵ
ԼץԼһ۶УԼֻСѼһģŶýһǱһ
Ҳ֪ʲôŶ˵ĲǶˣһǸŮ˰˳Ƕء
ļ򣺡ȥлú˵Ͼں˼ˣǵ֣ҿ֪Щܻӭˣ
ܸôϡĵģʱʵںϲͷֿ׳ĵ̲ҪģʱҲһʡ
.

һʮ£Ⱥ

ߣԭǴǰͷҪǰѵĵʽȫгҲΪưɣԲŹǵģ
Ҳ֪жĳޣ˵⻰ʱ綼ҧгݵġ
ʱ㻹֪ΣǿϲԺСѼ棬óʱ׬ϸ
֮ǰӣҲʮЩȻ˵׬Ҳİļ۸ͦߡ
ڵҲҶӼǮµľǼ˼ҵӹգֱΪ۸̫ͨȥʱ˵׬Ǻõģ
ʮ̫ˣǵٶЩ˵ɣô㽫պãŻǸ۵Ľš
ʱ㿴粽Ҵҵ˻ǳʲô飬Żܵô죬ϧûڼңǻȥˣ
ƾҲû˹ܵˡ
ãԺɹ̫ϲСѼ棬һɺٵӵɺܶ࣡
òԾˣܸоֱ͵ĸоŤͷڿȥʲôҲӰûУҲ֪ôżܻؼʲô¡
ﲻڼңȻҲûҪԼ׵˼ӽӺʲôûˡ
ǸС˰ɣ
Ϊģ˶ӹҪţȴһǰȷҪһЩ
ڵȷǸȵˣڼ˯۾һֱкȦΧѪҺѭãƾͿɶ϶һġ
ٿɫһĿȻˣǰûע⵽ֻϴɸһʱƲŷЩ
Ҳûϱô϶ԼЩ˵飬еȤÿÿүץҩɲġ
ôү֪ǲ֪ģҩЩأ
˵үץҩˣ˵ʲôҩֶɳóȥãӦȥ߶
˳֪ˣӦɲ֪ڸļԼ壬үҲϰ׷ҩģֱֹͣץҩ
ӣү֮˵ȥϵʲô򣬽ҪץҩҩѱүǵĻ
ʲôƭˣϣֻҪܽԼȺãǱʲôҩã
.

һʮ£Ҫ

ȻԲܵģǻȥԼ
ԽɹԽ룬ɴӻ˯һ˯һʱʱɫҲ찵û뵽ϲӱ˯
˯ô˯ûҪļ󣬼Ȼ˯ҲûкǣԼȥʼ
Ҳ֪˶ãҪ÷ʱȴнŲҪȥ鿴ȴˣһҪһҪײһ
ôҲ˵һΪˣ㱧Թһ䣡
ҲںԼó˰ĵķŵУ黨֬һֶֻòˡ
ʲôƵ㻹̫жʲôϸһԭ֧黨һСӣʲô
ֽŵӦǵһĶΪŵ˺ζִǸСӣŷԭһ֬
⡭òᶼİɣ㿴̽ʡ
Ĳ²ȻǶԵģĵ˵ͷǴʱ΢һ㣬ͻᷢʵһĲȻӶЩˣ
ѵһأȴûеĿģ鿴Щӣ
ǲ黨ÿǲϲ֬Ҫ´ҰӶ㣬Լȥϲʲôɡ
ڵɻֻΪԼĶ⣬û˵㽫ԼʣӶóŵУ
һʱ֮еĶĿòҪˡ
ΪʲôҪЩòϲ˰ɣ
ĥţһ־ò̫ܣ˳ǼԼܰңϺӣԲôԼĵ
һлֻǲ²⣬㻹ԼĻش
ֻĥĥ˵ϱҸ㶫ôˣǶӦõģЩ綼УҲӦеģ
ðɣ㻹еĵģ֪ҲҵˣɻģЩҾˡ
ҲûʼǲϲԼˣҪûϲȻǺãԼĸо
ҾϲԼҲɣ˵ʲʶҪˡ
.

һʮ£ʲô

ԼЦЦҲ΢΢
ͻȻе黨˹Ұ黨ϰɣ϶ܺÿġ
ֱ֮ͬŵĸԼ黨黨ȷ˼֣һȴͷ
һδŮӵͷеĻҪþִͷŲˡ
ֻںԼ黨òÿ̧ͷϵ黨ʵòÿ
ÿʵĻش㡣
һ뵽ҪӻģҪȻͷûԼģ
һ䣬ȻתȥԼ࣬ͷҲûصĶ˵ȥϴȥϾˡ
Ӧһ̾ȥϴ֣ĵҲһû׼һҲԵ㡣
ʢ˷У˳ֽŹغãûпǱߵİӿ
һٷû꣬Թˣ˵ط
һֱɫĿҲ֪ʲôտʼѹ֣
ʵ̲סԼˡ
ôʲô°ôҲ˵
ĪĿһۣʲôҲ˵ ֻǴӳվȻŻ˵ϱһˣеҪǡ
ʱе㲻ԾЦ˵ʲô¾˵ɣɳˣûԾ԰ɣҸʢһȥ
ɵӲŸǱȥڲ֪ʲô£ܴ֪ʲôҪȥǱߣ˵ҪҪȥ顣
֪ƽǸĬû仰ˣȴ˲úơ
һۣ·ֻһ۾Ϳе뷨һ㣡
ͳԹˣȸҹȥһ ٳҲ٣кҪҪ˵
˵Ҳིһ仰ĻᣬԼתȥ

ǵҪȥǲȥأ㸸׵Ҳ˵ʲô£ˣ
㿴е㲻֪Ҫô죬ǲȥġ
΢˼һ£ֱվͺȳԣԼȥһˣǵʲôҪ£
˵߳ȥˣϲҲһ¶Ŀ㲻֪׷ʲô
.

һʮ£˽Ǯ

԰ɣûʲôµġ㰲οĺӣô˵ԼȴҲʼ
еôʱĸŮżͻȻ߸о֮ǰǸţ̡
һͷ̵ǰǽ
Ҫʲôôڸʲô
ЦһʲôԼʲôԼǽȥѣСӿ϶ǲӡ
ƿС洳ѴĵѴϲǸСѶŪһң붼ˡ
ŵĺӶҪˣҲ˲ͼҪס⼸һͬ۵ĸˡ
ǵҪʲôŪҵķӣ㼱æֹǣڻûӦ׷ʲôţΪ׵ļǷһСҪس졣
ǱƵģţ̻ѼŪĶŪǿм
ϲҲ֪ػԼļңһֹЩ˷ԼļңǱϾСҲ󣬸סЩӣ
ϲҲǿԼغõӱţõʱ㲻ܲ˵ľҪȥһ׬Ӳߡ
ۿţһӦѾ㣬ǰȥһѽƿţнӹӵ˵࣬еĳظ֪Ӳ٣
ֻеӣԼڳѵĳʳʳûע⵽Ѿ˫۷죬ץϵİʾҪȥ
һĻʱɫ䣬ӦٵĶ˹ȥţ̾ûôˣȻûҸеҲļ
ʱţ̰һҽУ־Ŀ㣺ˣȻóǣ
ǷˣȺǿҵӻҡ֪ΪαЩ˻ƣ˿Ŀ¶׹⣬ոջаԵ˼⸱ģЩ
ǵʣӲһѡ
СԼ˽Ǯĺӹͦ˵ôôӲҲ˵ҪʳˣԭԼˡ
㱻Ƶڵأȹմ˻ҳԶûһԼָ΢˵к
۸ңӻ̫š
.

һʮ£໤

ŭڴ˿ֵ̱ȷץϣƤץƣ⻹ϢŭģĿ䵽ͷϣ
ڼץͷʱڻعְ˽ŵĽĿŮ磬¼Լ׳ԿĶĹ
ǲ˺ķſһİ˶
̣ס
Ⱥˣſף
ϲ㰤ˣҲһ嵽ǰССȭͷϧܸʲô˺
һǣջ۶ϲ˵ȥһߴȥ׺֮飬СӲҪ֡
⻹ӰôܸȺħһŮ˶֣϶ûкùӳԵģ½ǲҪܣ
ǿָʾϲֻĨƵһߣԼױŮŸ첲ãʱССı߬ȭͷĵԼһױġ
ߣȥ̫үүãزԳԿͷֵд
ô˵Ǽ˾Ѻڵȥ㾹Ȼ֪ʲôʱʼҾȻô
ȫָָģǿ㱻̾Ͱóݵ·Լɻ浽׷ʲô
߽ȥڵϣɳԼ߻в곤˶ʧֵʱԼ¶ˡ
߹ȥҪ
ʲôվ˵жϥлƽô׾͵ô˵¹
Ȼ˿պףԼǱϾԲġ
ʲôӦһ곤ͷӱһͿˡ
͸ùţҲúһ£ϱ֪
㲻Ļصкδ㵹˵˵
˵ͷӺĳһСͦģ㻹еӡģ߻Ŵ峤ֻһֱųĬ
ʱ㣬Ҫ˵ô࣡
̫үүһһ˵ûϵҪ㷣Ұɣ
ģһԵү̲סεҡҡͷ⺢Ӱʱ˻Ҫ
.

һʮ£˲ò

̫үүû÷㣬ʷһ˵һ˽Ըϵĵ֪
֪ôܸϵ⣬Ϊҵ˲øеҲ֪˼ӵĸܳأ
˵ͷͷǵǴںδ
Ǹν̫үүһǸݵģȻ⣬ΪҪڵģһϢ㹫֪
ǽײͶǻãҿТϱǳ˽ģ׬̣ſ
ȴ磬װģĳ˵ϱôͻȻôãһ绹֪Щͭ壬һͭҲˡ
ûŵĸ࣬ҵĸ㲻ʲôҵҩѶòˣӵǺãһӹϺˣ
ТϱŵĶˣưץģɶ˰
ҲʱĿװһӣһӲȥϷǿϧˡ
Լϰӡ㲻Ļص㲻Ҳһһƣӡԣ
ҵ̫үүûйŮ֮䶯ֵ飬ǿ
ûУʮ꣬˻رǵģɾ㲻ĸ絫Ǻô˶ʮ꣬ҲĿҩԲϣ
̫үүָĻһһ䣬֪ôȥ粵ֻ˶Լָָ㣡
Ҳ̫Т˳̫ˡ
û뵽Ȼˣ˲òడ
ôһ֪жޡ
ǰϹóôӻȢϱˣȢҲɶö
Ҳ֪ǳʲôΧſڵĴָָ㣬ʼ˵˶촽ʼ˵һ粵Ļ
һһһҪТ˳ҲÿôԴһӵģǵˣ϶֪ҸյʱÿһٷԲϡ
ʳҲָǣҲ͸ǸСָôϸģģǸʱôռΪ˵
ԼСĴָ˿˿Ȼ˵ʼɣźúŬӿ϶һģʱҲûϵ
.

һʮ£Ѫ

ӲŸոеתǾҪТ˳ʱູˮѹθһɶҲ֪ڵôˣĸĶԴӲûָ𣬺Ӳܵ˶ָӲТ
ҪТ˳һǾͶһ㰡ƽǿа˿һ׬ӵĹߣһΥκλū
һ⣬̾òТڳǶһסʮˣҾһƽʱôԴӦñɣ
һɹǳĬһֱȷǺܺãǱ˼ҵ飬Ǵûж¡
ԼһͦеģȻǸ̫үүȴΪָ˵һ֪ˣϱãûŸһڷܻڣ
˶˵ˮ֮ӦӿȪ౨οǸڶˣո˵Щֻ˵СֻۣЩС£ҲǳǶ
һɿҿŮڴҶ磬ǰɲģԴŮ֮ûͣĺﳳܣ嶼ˣ
ɶǱҵ˸ҲͲٷˣҲ˵ʲô˵ʲô
һ˵Ǹ̫үүŭƽ
ΪϱТŻҲ·ϣ㲻ã϶ҪúԳԿͷպ󻹸ҲҼȥҷź򣡡
ĶԼҲˣ̫үү˵ҪҷźʱλĶӣҲֵһŸľ˹
һľͺܽʵϿ϶ǳۣһЩˣ
峤Ǹ±ȣȻǶ֣ųҵţ̵ļ¿ɲˣһҪúýѵѵ
ⷢӣ㲻ʲôȺŶǿɾǴТˣ
δ峤վһҵ̫үү˵¶Ǵϱˣ⺢Ӳ°Ŷ֣ȻӼӰɣԵ೤Ҳá
˵仰峤̤ҵķţҲʲôˣԼȥ
һҪѪ׬ûסԼҪˣ
.

һʮ£

̫үүӻ֣ۼҪ߼ҷź̲ס󺰵ס֣Ƿſ
㻹ʲôҪ˵λ¸ء̫үү
һ£˵һ˼ңûôı°ҺƵڵزҲٶҵˣ
ҲԼҪ˵ģһܲôĻ˵˵Ͳ˵ģһжˣʲôĶǣҪǷҰɣ
֪Ҫ㣬ĶԸݺݵĵһĵ˵Щ¶ԼҪŵģոնҶ֣
Ҳ㷸˴ģôܾ׷ŹԺСϱᷭġ
⻰ڳǣһͻȻһҪͷ㣬ûĳͷѹȻԺи಻Тϱֵģ
ҵӣҲҹ̲ܽ棬ҪͷҰɡ
ϷҪܷ
ʱҲعǧټԼǰûڣҲǶҲͲˡ
үҲĲ̣̫үүǰ˵仰
Ȼе𷣣ǾȥɣҲϱˣǾͲҪ׷׷ǵĹˣ˴˲ǡ
˵үһ˲ö˼ҵļָֻţǴΨһһķҵ̫үүһӣ
ֳֹȵĶ˵ȻԼҪܷǾȥɣʹ򡭡ʮɣһ١
ʮĶһ룬ʮȥ㲻ҲˣΪԼô
ԼеʮȴүԼǽҪˡ
ôһĹѾԺУڳϿʼ̣ʼһȥûɫʲô仯
ųܵĹԽԽ࣬ʼƺͷ۵Ŀʼð㻹ȥֹȴˣȴס
ʮѾãѪһеСĴͿȥѪȵһĻܻؼˣ
ʱڷſ㣬̱ߣһѪһ£ʱѻԣүͱҩԸүСĵ㽫̧ؼҡ
.

һʮһ£һ

ûԸ̧ѪȥģүǲԸҲû취ֱӾֻܾð̧ңȻϴȥմһֵѪ
ƾɵСУүصƱͷʹֹѪҩҩǲҪǮһıϲӿԼ׳վһ͵͵Ĩᡣ
үүҵûµĶ𣿡ϲˮүǴĴ򣬺ܶ˶ֻҪ˵û϶ûµģ
ûµģϲҪޡ
ʵүҲ˵ںǰڰοһ䡣
ֱֹѪɢtunү֣ԼϵֹѪɢԼҩ㣬Ȼ쳣侲˵Щҩţ
ֹѪɢһ㣬һҪѪֹסҾȥұĴôһҪŵһԼܲУһ
ЩүתҪߣȴֱקס䡣
㻹ʲô°˵Ҷ˵ˣֻҪҩУ
ʱүҲȽϼ꣬Щ壬ûϣᶨ˵үҷĵĻܷһҵЩҩģұ֤һôˡ
һҪ˭ƴӣүɵһ㶣ϸһ£ˬİԼҵԿ׶㣡
˵ԿǸˣȴҲôģǰһ䡰ǧ˾ͺãҪȻͷҿɲԭġ
ƣһֱһƿֹѪɢ˿һҲûѪֹס٣ɵÿʼЩֻţȥʮҲʧѪӶȥĿܣ
źԼһߵӣ˵ϲԣڼҿŵȥүүȡҩСƿûˡ
׿ȥأΪϲ˵ͷҲûע⵽ܵŵڵķӦȴЩڳˣ
ûеṩһ㿴ͨүҵ·ߵļ٣ȵСʯͷ˽š
һ·ߵүңóԿ״ϵסڶҩѰֹѪ˿ڿϵҩģ
ʱĶռе䷽ץһֹѪֹʹ׵ҩ°˳ֳֻɵֹѪɢڷЧϺܶࡣ
.

һʮ£Ŀڶµû

ȥʱֱŵģ֮ǰŸֹѪɢ磬ʱѪѾֹѪɢû
ڵĳѪǺܶģòֹѪɢҲûжã˲ȥȻҩ
ҩǸʱǼõģòҩˣȴָι۵ýҧôιĽȥء
ϲһĻҲǼת
˺һͻȻʮ侲Ķϲ˵ȳȥа취ǵҩġ
Թ˵ǳȥˣֻҪǵҩԺһֱ˯涼ԣ
ӳȥ֮ҩ룬һһеҩȺȵԼУȻι
Ȼ취̫Ϊ˾Ҳް취ˣ
ĺ˴󲿷ֵҩֻһСֱ˳оʣһڣ׼ȵι
ȴû뵽Ǻ֮ƺǣ˿ڣüͷ壬ʮʹ࣡
ΪˣԺҲû۾ʵڻԹȥǺõģǻо
ϲſԶԶĿ״֣ʾǿԽˡ
ôһƣֲҳ׷ϾѪֹסǲܰĵģ
ϲԣղŹˣϲͻȻ̧ͷʵף۲ۣҪҪϲ㴵
ܾԼϻһ£ڲ㲻ˣܸоԼѾס
ڵںǰ㲻ֵĺܴװνҡҡͷǱˣ侲ԽԼԽô
˿ӣΪԼӣˣպһǵģͬʱҲԼ
ˣȥ˯ԼȴԼСѾ˯ҲһƬǽ壡
ԼƬڵϣԼļѶֱڵϣ滹в֪˭ȳļӡҲմࡣ
ЩĿڶµĻţһվʲôûסһʱ֮ĸ⣬ϵķɾ
.

һʮ£ۿ˵

ƬҲʱԺ⣬ǼӵһԣҲûйϴ·ȥʰõúˡ
ĸ˾ôߣҲ˯һ۾Ҳףʱ̹עϵǷֹѪ
ۿϵѪðﰲοԼոιȥҩҲûṦĶôЧģҲһͺˡ
һȱһʱүŸĴ𼱻ǵ
ҲûأԶԶıƼ΢Ĺâµүˣ󻹸ˣİ֡
ϱôŰɣүôһ䣬ϵǵɫʮŨأ
Ȼšֻ޷ֹѪȻţҲֹ֪ܲܰѪʱˡ
үڣһһλ㾶ֱߵǰҲδ
ֹֻ˺һ֮һҡͷԣڰ˳ı顣
λʲô˼һĻүǰİоǾ⸱顣
ǾȲˣ˵ôأôֹѪɢֹסѪҩҲǰ׷ҩˣҲ޲ߣǽڰ˳ɣ
ǰҵܰŪѣʲô˵㾡꣬СӷʲôǵʲôĪ˵޾ȣоǿɲҾȡ
΢ЩĴ˵ģүæͣˣ⺢£ǱҷģλٸɣСģһӿô죡
˵û취ҽˣѪôǵٶֹѪɢȥûãǵĻ𣿡
ԼǴôԶܵƫƧĵطݴЩã˵ʱүҲûʲô
ˣүҪ߱ǣ취ȡϵˣֻҪֹסѪлȥϣ
ھ׼̵ģһ̣˭ֹ֪ѪɢʲôôҲֲ
˵˼Ϊ⣬ʶķС
⸾˺ôĿүа취ڴҹǹʵǴǸ˾Ȳˣ㻹˵
ִĵ㣬ĶǿһŮ˵ӡ
.

һʮ£Ĳ

ݵĴֱӣſڱ˵ǣǲ˯Զܵˣ˲ѾûˣǻôǼƽεĳǾ͸ж°ɣ
٣һСݱ֪ѣҪҲûУʲôζˣ
ִһſڱǣôһ˵ͬеݴҲиζһʮš
ɴӻ䣬ɫ񺮵˵ˣǾͲһŮ˼ƽˣϽϰɣǸǴģҲðͻȥ
Ĵ߹·˵Ķ῿Լ·ԴӴﵽϼ·Ƕ߲
λҵϣǾ취Ⱦ⺢Ӱɡ
үϣѾ˵û취پͬʱүŤͷһۣҪҽ
ðɣΪүˣҲٶ˵ʲôҲʲôìܣȴûˡ
㲻ضԣ޲ߣ˵̫ˣǸϽ׼°ɣ
ˣҲָǻȥˣﻹ˭ԼǮͻȥ
̬ȼүص̾һ˰ˣλ˰ͻȥɣ
ү뿪ļңߺϸĿ˿ƣڵֹ֮סѪ
Ȼʲôҩûã㿴һ߷ŵҩ룬ǲԼȵҩôҲûһЧļ
ôţҩͬķʽ£ȻһֱĿתĶ
һҲҶ˵ʲôˮ۾ȫǲɫڵ᲻ȥȴûҪ޵ļ
˵ǱȽϼǿˡ
һʱȥҲ¶ǰףԼһδߣעҵѾѪҺ
ǴϵѪʼɺˣǸüҲһЩȥϣˡ
һҲ۾ɬϢһ£ȴһӹе죬֪Ǳˣ
ۿ˼װµһۣͷվϲ˰ɣȥûʲôԵġ
.

һʮ£

ߵ߰һ㻹֪ʲôʱȺ˸һɶʳȫˣ
˵ʳһʣ¿ô죬ҲûˣҪˣ뵽Լ׬ӱߣжһӵŭַ
ҲʱνҪ£˳㶼ҽݣ֪ôͽ˵һʱҪˣ
۾һתּл˵㶫ǰԼֻСѼӶˣ׼ֲ˵Ҳƻʮҡ
ǿƻŬѹŭŭԼٳʲôӣеʮܵģ
ûûҹæµô죬ⲻˮһô
ϱվʲôôˣ
үתͷһүýлŸҩӣǸʲôҩ
ǺһˣϲôѪˡʵص
үһҲһǾͳɣҸ˲滹˲ҩģι£ϣܵһɣ
ɫһ䣬æסҪߵүɣιȡ
˲пѪգ򲻸Ҹιȥҩ෴ãʱݱʲôҲ
ΪβܸȣҸҸɡүɻʡ
һ֮ǰǴβ߶ʮһ㣬ϾҲ֪ϱҲǶЩ֮᪻ģǰҩǼ£ү񻹹ڻ
һƬҽʮ꣬δֹʲô⣬û뵽ȻһŮ˼Ҽ
˵Щʮеүܲˣû뵽ԼץҩļôȻǲԵġ
ʱ˲ǵãȻѪģҲû취͡
үҲ֪ʲôɷ֣ĻԽԽң
үҩЩˣ˲οǺöҲôһ㣬һһ᲻óأˣȲͰ
֪үǺĺ⣬Ȼ˲󣬵ڲܳԣҪ˻зõģ
.

һʮ£ûʲô

ЩЦľƣʱЦүͦ᱾ģһ˲طҲֵЩӵİɣ
Ȼ˵͸ˣϣܵסһݺе˲ιضˡ
ô֪ڳԲ˲Σ˻ѪģΪʲôѪࣿⷲܵиԭɣˣ㲻˵ԾͲ԰
ү¶ִֹ֮ɫһʱ֮Ҳ֪νǺãִĻ˵϶ǶŴҲ֪Ҫݡ
Ҫһͷʱү˵˲ζûɣô֪˿ڴѪʱͱˣסҪ
ôһԽں֣ү˵Ҫƿߣŵæţүȥˣûˣɲġ
үҲûù˲ҿ췢ı֤˵Ļǧȷ˲ܸ԰
֪Ķ˵ĲԣүͻȻֹ
үҿʲôĪë
ϱңǲôϱ
ү֣µʣʱ㻹ûӦΪʲôҪʡ
Ǳסˣиһֱţô뵱
һ˵ӣү̾һҪʵڲ⣬ͷȰ߾ǣڶȥϣͲҪвУ
㣺үǰʲôˡ
ðɣҲȷһЩɣϾոҲҪ˼ֲүȲҲѹֱ˰룡
үǵȺݶŮӰҪʵڲţ͸취֤һ£үץֻСǱСһԣŪ˿ٸһ˲ȺȾͳɡ
ү᲻ǲôţֵϾ¹Ҳ㿪ʲôЦүɲҪ᲻˲Σ˵Ȱɣ
˵ү᲻еĲҪ֪һϹͷ᲻óء
ɫ࣬Ҳֲ˵Ǽ٣ɴôԣ
ڴ֮ǰүȥ鿴ƣȻȽƽȣûʲôˡ
.

һʮ£ֹ

ү㣺ôסģϵɶ˵ûˣڷǵѪҪֹסˣϢ󶼱Ƚƽˡ
˲ֹѪɢЩֹѪҩģڷ˫£
ʵ㵱ʱҲûٰܾҪһ˿ϣȥԵġ
үεҡҡͷˣǰװˣȻܺȣұûȥˣ˳㰴˵İ취һԡ
˵߰ϱ治Ǹ򵥵ˣ
˵үһû˯ҲʮƣͲסһ䣺ϱ⿪ҩץҩı˭ģ㻹ʶٲҩô䵽ز
δ󲡾Ͳ˵ˣԼѧĶθͷҲ䵽ĸĵزԽүԽһʲôźܶˡ
ڻἰ⣬صⲻǰ˼ϿһЩҩҶţȻԼϹĥ£
ô˵ʶֵģү·´½һ㿴㣬Ҫ֪طʶֵ˿ɲ࣬˵ǸŮˡ
ֻĵͷǵģȻʶ֣Ҳֻһ֣ܶǲʶġ
⻰û˵ѣֻǷ֣ȥϵʱ㷢ԼϲģǰԼЩֵҽ飡
Щڵֶʶһ
ĻүЩʶЩѾܲˣûнĽ̵Լʶô˵⺢ҲǸϻ۵ģ
㳶˳ǣȴЦ˿үɰʵףʲôϿЩҩ֪ʶ治̫˵
үҲһû˯ˣҪȥϢɣҿžͺãллˣ
Ϊֹ㻹ǵûһԸæ̧ؼҵ£ûүľҪڸԺˡ
˵ڣһζƮıǿԺðĴ̣үҲɵΪ̾˿һʼû׶ӣ
һ죬ǻڵġ
ζոյ⣬үЩֹ
үǲ鷳ſ˵զʲôҪ˵ɶ°
ⲻǡǰʳٷҪԲˣܲүǵԵģĺһҲԲ˶٣
.

һʮ£ʵ

һɫôһ˵үŻȻ򣺡°ȸ߰ɣٷǹܵģΪˣòҪϺôһ¡
ˮһҲͰˣ󻹵ôصˣβ˿СƲһǲеġ
һ£֪Ҫôһ˰ȥأ
үҪϲȥҵʱӻ⣬Ҫ˵˵˲Ըʱ뿪һ£
ؼоֻʣһεķ粨õСõӶûˣϸ룬ƣӵСѸʰһ¡
ϻҪؼ˯ģøϽʰˡ
ﾲĵģĺҲȥ̽̽ıϢôϢˣ
ǰһϣһ㿪ʼƤӴܣȶοԼһСͺá
߰ȣֵĺܣŸ󻵵һա
ô󲻳ôǺã涼˺üˣܳ𣿡
ͷҲ̧ĻصôͲܳˣźһ˵㱿ֱŵģŪִڶģЩСͷ
ֻĸŮŴʳĵģڼϵЩ̬ʳʼ󲻳
ľͰĶɳҨһЩڱǼţ⵽ɶôҲŲʲôŪɵģ϶ǣģ
ߣû뵽СӾȻô£ôȻ˵ͰɶҲ֪ͷȥСһʲ͵ˡ
㣬޲ýǧзƵģ
˵Ҷ簤ô˰ɣ˲֪˼ֻΪڵ
ֻϧֻǵ˼٣֬ȹɾҲҪˡ
﷭˸ۣһأİǣôȻСӣ˸ãʡĿҾ
ϧˣҪȥ̣ҪĿɾǸ˷Ůˣٶ绹ܸ׬Щӡ
ûŪǾʮźҲ֪ΰˣҪŪ˼Ҳ㣬ᣬ˼ʵ
.

һʮ£

ˣûʮǲܴӴģҿЩ˭㣡
ӿƵĹâԼؽһɶͭ嶼ʣһ
룬ѹԼǵģԭӣҲӲˣ
ĸŮĵ飬һһЩȽϺõĵĳʱ͵ĵռ˴
ɲô࣬ϸϽĲװϵ˱ֱ϶ȥҪԼһȥģҲȥ
֪ĵǼҵĶҲ⡣
㴺ʱƹվſ͵ĵģһʱͻⶼҪʱ˻Ӱ
ǡõϡ˸һɶӦˣʧصĿ֮ƹɵҲЩļ
˰죬ûεӭĸŮ̧ŸӹƹûӦ
Ƕ߽ԼҵˣƹſʵϣλӺ͹ʲôİ㴺ĵİɣ
ʱĵģƹĵĵģ϶ʶİɣĸףãƹɵһĸŮպ͵ĵ¾ˣ
ƹϴŵĳ￩Ц·ǰƹһ˵һͿǸģôôڰķС
˵ƹŵ˵ͷʵôû
ˣʱˣԺҸƹ͵ģʮͭһ԰ɣаأ
һ칦׬ؼҼǮӣֵ춼ϲ£ˣ⸱ӣƹɵüͷв²˵Ļмġ
Ҫ˵һˣĶЦ˻ģģƾоֹƹܲ²е㲻Ծ
ûб¶ʲôϱŵЦݣʮǮһģҿΣҿҪ۸ġ
ƹ뿪Ц˵ʵֻҪĲ֮ǰǸµģͻ취Ƶģ
⻰˵ɲˣԼ飬ſںߵⲻǼﶼҳһˣˣû̫öһ¡
.

һʮ£ڻѻ

ҲףĵĳɱҲͦߣûƹҪ̫ͭǺõˣôѼ۸أ
ҿ̸װĲȫССèģҪĲãܻܲͭЩȥĵڵŰɡ
ƹҲﻰ˼һʮͭļ۸ӵأ
˵ʱѾۺĵģǰȫܱȣСһҲˣȫӣ
¼ȻҪǼ۵˼ƹҲ׼˳ģûҲЩȥģ
ҲɶƢˣرǾԼе㱾֮͵ĺܣƹþûЭ˼в˵ҪʮͭǾͲˣ𣬶Ȼǲģ
ƹϸ룬̽ЩĸŮġ
վһȻȻҲֻǻЩģҪôԼˡ
˱£˵Ҳ
ƹûֵ˵Щİû飬Խİɡ
һ˵ָҪĵģһãԺ󶼲ˣȫĸŮЩ㻹ҪҪǵһЩԺͻõģ
ⶨᱻⷬЦ϶ʲôȻҷֻҲΪΪ׬˼ҵڻѻˡ
ҪҪôǻȥٸЩõ͹һ죬ڶκõĻҿ϶ˣ
ƹҲǹִϿ֣һζ
ʵܿǸʲôﻨҲˣĵȫ⣬ֲʲô
˭Ը⻨ʮǮʲôȫûʳĵĻؼңֲɵӣſƹԲɡ
ﻹҪѼ۸һЩƹǲôģһʱ򣬵ĲãѵŶҲҪ֣Ҫͭ
УҲⵢ鹦ˣߣȥҵ̡
к̧㴺ȥǰյ˼ҵ˿ڿˮаôС
.

һʮһ£ϻ

ȥĶĵطҪĵ𣿡ԵЩ꣬һ·̧ŸôԶֽŶҪˣ
ֱ˵ô֪㳣߶Ķ̵ģǶȥɡ
аɣߣĴԼûʲôĸĽֵţ
ֵԵṆָ̀С·԰̯ĸŮ·һʳǵĵ̣ԶԶıܿſվŸʮŮˡ
лһѹӣĵǽһ㣬ǰȥ߻и룬˿ҲǶɫȽϺã
̧ͨŸӹŮܵ˵λĵСɫĵĶС
ЦЦ¶һĻ֪ƹ㴺ֺرĵģ
ԼĿζһЦŮƹĺ˵룺ûûУƽֻ㴺ֵģҲĲˣ򲻵ˡ
ﵹҲԼ飬ֱ˺ӣ¶ĵĸŮƹƣУƹҲ̸⡣
Ůƹһ˵ɴ۾еĿҲˣͲֱ˵￴ϸˣҪֵ֪ĸ
֪سǵǮ˶רܵСֵģϧˣôҲΩΩФľСĳ
Ҳ֪ŵʲôκÿԼĻȶⱻ㴺ߣŮƹأû뵽ͻȻˡ
ʮ˷ܣĵʱͻȻ
ŮƹźһѿʲôģĶоԼˣˣʮֲƵ˵ⶼʲôƭǮǲǣ
û㴺ЩһСɣÿĺܣĶӵģ˷ʱ䣬浱һĺа
ŮƹԼгӣǰ˦˦Ӳʹˡ
׻еۣӺóݸŮƹ񣺡㴺ֵģ㳢ֻĲ̫öѣ
ǻӨӨӣŮƹͣڵĽŲųҲ޷˻
УҵҪǲ˼ǸζģʵŮƹǣζ࣬ҲóȥһϾ㴺ǱߵĵѾϻˣ
.

һʮ£һҪ

ĻˣֻҪвζĵֵܶģҲи㴺һıˡ
ŮƹֶûвнӹӣǴյǼţȴϲķζ㴺һģһ
ϸѾУһֱںţóʱ򻹴ȣһҧܳԵĶɳڡ
ŴĿڸŮƹȥû뵽㴺һĵģ
̻ʵı飬֪°˳ϷֳָֽһɫôûƭɣȻ̫ÿζǺ㴺һģһ
ǣȷ㴺ûʲô࣬ɣλȸҽ꣬ºú̸̸⡣
Ҫ˵ŮƹҲǱȷ죬𴦺кĸŮڵģ֪ΪӭԼҹ̽أ
˵УŮƹԸ˺ȣĸŮҲֱͦΪϱĸоһʱ֮оԼݶ߹˲١
ŮƹԱ£Ц˵λ˵˵̸ɣʲôҪǾ˵ҲЭһ£
רҵŮƹһʱ֮Ҳûٿ׻˵ڣ˼˵Ȼϣ۸Ҫһ㣬ʮͭһƹΣ
Ұ۸񱨳Ҫ֪㴺ҲŸոնʮһǮŮƹɫʱֲˡ
Ҳ̫˰ɣҶҪʮǮһҪ׬Ӿ͵һЩǮһСҲûǮˣǮ̫һȥģ
밡ڲ㴺ˣֻʱܻϲĵǮɶҪ׬ˣ𣿡
Ҳûĵ̣ŸһǼôߣ
ŮƹĻֻûһƲѾʼõδ
Ҫ˵ŮҲϣһĴȱ¶˾ģУǾһأǿԵĻԺǵĵľͳҵͣʮһҲУֻҲһҪ󣡡
֪ҪʲôЦڴӦúúã˵һҪ󣬾ʮҲ
Ҳպֻܰѵͣٸ˺ͬʱҲҪ֤ĵʽȥҪб˻ǾͲֵǮˡ
.

һʮ£Ҫ

ʵѾҪˣĿģҲ£Ȼȥ䣬ǲҪˣ
Ҳû˺֮ǣˬĴӦʳ㷻ƹҪĵģƹһ۵ĸǮӣ㹻һͨ˼ĸµĿ
ֿ˻ؼҵ·ѼЩСΣ֮ͷӣĸŮһѶȥ
˵ߣ֪ĸĶ˵ԭֻ˯һСǵʱȴȻˡ
㶯˶壬ڴ˯ȫһ㷢˲Ծϸһأе㲻Ծ
ɫɫΪʧѪɲ԰ף־ץȥѸʱȴеˣ
ʱɫѿʱٷ⣬ŵȥͷϵ¶ȸǧȷķˡ
һʱ鿴ϵ˿ڣѪҺʼ̽ˣûиȾ׵ôᷢգ
㲻ϣȥү
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ү˵˵еģ¶ôߣ̫ð찡Ҳֻܸҩһԣûû֪أ
õĻүǰĲҲһغҲʲôҩԣԼİ취
˷ͷжүؼҸ֢ץҩԼȥһˮͼˮӸ£취Ҳ֪вУ
Сѵ£ýʪֽҸЩطá
˷ãǿƽˣһϷãˮ˾ܵӱٴˮ
ü·϶˱Ĵ˶ָָ˵ЩĻҲһɵûֻûǼƽ϶ѡ
.

һʮ£˵ʲô

ȻҲк㵽ڸģһӱߴһˮǰ಻סĵıңûűƼڴϣ
￴Ϊæǰæ󣬲ɵ̾˿һʲôҲûˣԺӻ֪ôء
뵽ﻢ㲻ɵöЩ
ϻ㿴ſΧźüˣһŲʹ
ű˻ûԼĶؼңȻԼȥҿ׷ʲôò˰ɣ
ȥΧ⿴ɶأʲôÿĶ𣿡
˵ҲҪ˼ǰ￴ֵĻ˶Ｗһߡ
ΪʱͻȻ˼Ժ˿ڿˮޣǲҪˣĲŶһ£ҶĻţۣ
仰ʱЩգ̧ͷһҪɱ˵Ŀ⳯ȥǱҲһ¡
û˵ʲôתڳȺ˵ˣɶÿģæʲôæʲôȥɡ
ȻﶼˣǰֵҲ׼ȥﵹл˵ֿ̱Ҳû˵˵
ȵɢȥɢĲ߽ԺУŲͷһۡ
˵ʲôֵﲻӭ㣬ȥ
ûϳȥ御ˣԺСҲҼҵģԼһҪͬ⣿
ﻹԸжãݺݵһҲٶ˵ʲôŵԺı·ȡԼظǸӡ
ҪСίˣ
ﱾΪٺִ˺һȴҲû˵ԼԹԵ˵ѽò˵ž
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ʶȤͰŵڶʲôԺԶٸĵģӻܺùһ㡣
ȻĻѾˣʱǻģ⼸ᷢʲôɾͲ̫˵ˣ
.

һʮ£Ҫ̫

ŵв߬еӣʲô㲻Ҫ̫ˡ
ҿûԼ֣ҹˣôһҿ˭ܻ㣬˵˵
ڴϣûаѹ֮⣬Ĳ
ĻͷŴ¸ô죬Ѷɳ̸ĻԼǾòʣ˭֪ӻʲô
ҵʱ俼һ£ñʲôıֻҪиʲộϿɾԶʧˣʱҿ㻹ôǵ׬ӡ
ȻԺ⣬ֻ˼һεĵĻ϶˵ȥòĵ͹ȥʱᱻ˿һҲ˵Ŷ
ЦţֻЦ˸оůĿʮֱϬη塣
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УˣһҲ뿴
ﵹҲٶ˵ʲôոһֻϵ¶ˣҲûע⵽ŵζѪζҩζ
Żﶼû࿴һ۱ˣߺ壬ȴԺô죡
ǰֻѡһǸǲԼҪ۸
еʱүõҩˣȴڸ壬֪𵽽µá
æںǳ㣺ʲôϰҲر࣬ʲô취ȣô
ҾڸȰ㿴ǲǱ֮ǰҪˣɼǶԵġ
ү˽ͣһ²£Ⱥҩ˵һվתĸоϮ
үۼֿķһѣȻڿ϶Ҫڵˡ
ɫҲ̫ã˵Ҳûʲôүżֹʵû°ɣ
˻ԴʹԼһЩû£ǡûô˯ԵʰɣЪͺã
ʵԼԼӦǶۻ軨ͷĿѣˣֻڼʲôԵĶûУϲѾͦ鷳үˡ
.

һʮ£˲ô

Լܲٿڸһ˼Ҫ԰ɣ˵Ҳ̫˼ڰ취ԼԵĲУ
ЪһɣӻûѹɲиɶˣӶµˡ
үСݵҲ˵ϺϤԹԵù㽫ҩõҩﵹΪûй˵ĹϵһЩҩ˳ŵС
Ȼү׼£һĻϸչԼһǲʶǵģȻΪ׸ӣ
һүһ̾ѽҩҲȲﰡȫ³ˡ
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үתεҡҡͷվнӹ룺ˣιɣүܸõԵҶЩͷΡ
Ҫ֧үһȻƤٺҲүǰιҩԼЩ֣Լǰˮʱڶ˵˹Ҳûʲô
ȴκ˿Լַʽιҩġ
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үתȥԶԼһڿɬҩȻͷɽĿУҩιˣɻһЩҩ֭˳
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үһ˻ܣΪ飬Ǳˡ
ȻҲʲôǣֻһүԸ־Ѽ仰Ƕģշ֮󶨻ᱨλ˼ҡ
㶫ˣ԰ɣҩι˰ɣ
үеŵƾɵСϣкԣȻԼߵǰһŵɢŵҩζ֪Ѿҩˡ
㵹ҲߵУⷬĶνʵǶˣҲ˲ô࣡
.

һʮ£˶

æµ˰ʱһˣ㽫ʢͷͼʢ̶˵үǰ
ʱɫҲˣѷ˷ŵϺ˵ʦˣϿȳ԰ɣҵøϿؼˡ
˶˻ȥǳ԰ɣҲҪԵõģ
үշźõļֶݸһûҽӣү೴ҪԼԵġ
ŸɶŰүֱ͡
ȴæڰ˵ˣҲܶߣʦʲô
˵ˣܲܶһ̲һֻؼҰɣҪ˿˸ô˵ԼŸհʦʹ˼Ҽóúȵģ
ҲＦǣԼԹˣҿɶžţȻҿҪˡ
үɶֱƣ¹ô˵ǲջȥ
ֲүֻܶ̿ļмͷߣõʱ춼Ҫˣ㼱ŻؼŲȻߵĲٿ죡
ߵſȴײӳ̲˳磬һ̴гˮҪˣȻƽʱҲûóԣȴ٣Բ񫡣
񿴵һ̳ĽƵļȻ۲ĺܣȴûһ۱ȥ
ůůſ˳ϲϷѾ˵͵ܿˣ
һˣ˭ѽǲϲôԼˡ
һ̼ŵϣΧۣĶļүү
ǰүүҸԲŻ˵㣬ֻҲû뵽ҳǽҴǳԵġ
ϲʱǧҪСĵ㣬ʵڲо͵׻ûʲô£Ҳûϵģ
ӿ֮ʱ㽫ϲȫ´飬ʱ̵ʲôģǵûе·ϲֻҳûȾϣ΢ζ
ϲЦЦϲ׻صҾз˳԰ĺˣҲʲôµģҲСĵġ
ʱҲˣϴЦ˵Էɣ˶Ҫˣ
Դ֮Щů⣬ЦҲʱһҲδػ¶һ΢ЦЩԼȴ֪
.

һʮ£ƾ

ͷһЩݸԣȻøһͷԣȴ˵͹ˣٶԳŵġ
ڲſڴϣֲʲôԲô࣬θʳٶȶƽʱߣ
ĻҲʲôû˵ָ˺ü鼦ŵ˵ҪԵ㣬ү˵ˣǶԵģźõÿ졣
һԡҲöԵõģϾҪȽ϶࣬һǼһүǱߣȴǺӣŲס
ңڶõĿŷ࣬ɺҲһģԷųһ˾ûóԵ֡
Ψҧŷ̲ȴһʳʵģ￴߳ԱʵôˣôţҲúóԣ
һӽŵϣĸ첲Գ̲һҲóԡ
ʱٳ԰ɣڼôĶ˵ԾͳԵģһûΪԾҪȥǳԲϣǼ廹еġ
ֻǼۺ̫鷳ڼＦҲϻˣĪ˵ˣҲԣ
е㱻߻ˣ±ܾܹҸƿӣʮֲ˵ҶǽԵľǼһ̵ļۿ߶Żؼҵģͷ
˵Ķģôһ˵ҲԲǰķˣɿڷȴʼʲȥΨһܺܳԣޣ
ָŷĵ˵ȻˣŮƭ㲻ɣǼ϶ǴүҶġ
㿴ŰΪʦðͿʼúöˣƽʱǸүĿ¶һЩ䵽С
ıԵЩߣĺô䵽ͷأҲһ̬ͬ
Ĭ˺һɫݵ˵ǸˮĶǷҲܵϣ¶ҵ취ˮͽܡ
ҿŲ˼͵ùԹԹȥҲѧҽǿϡ
ô˵ţȴ޲һѣˮͽܵλôǸģ
ƾˡ
.

һʮ£Բ

˴඼ԼȬˣҪڳҩģ˼ˣһ顣
ۺһүĲҲôλ֮ЩԴƤˣΪҲԼΪʲôߵԭ
Ҳ޷⣬ֻƵĵү⵽ˣүƺҲûʲôرЧİ취ǲӣֻϵӾȥ
ӵһ㶼СӶ࣬ǽһ㿴
緹ǻؼȥԵģȥ͵չԷ϶Ҫȥһ˵ġ
˷ϲүҶڸʲôֻ˵˵綼ʲôʲôȥүҡ
ҪȥˣԼȥéޣʲôҲرˣٹµԼ߶ˣ
үʱҡϼ£кԼ˵ȡĶѾˣҲ޷
͵һ»һϷһٲ¼Щҩⲻȫĵطȫ˳
ͱȽˣүЩ˹㿴
ʵһ룬ͷ˿ϸϸһٶҲʶˣ˵ϸǴӱģ۸񶼲Ͱɡ
ǿɲǣҶ᲻ãƽĶһ׵ģΪҿǼҵء
үı֪жϲ룬㻹ЦûãΪõ
ֻùΣǹ˵㣬ҲʮֺʹԼĴĸŪһģǾͲȫˡ
һ֪үǸңһٶһԡ
һκദôʱ䣬㷢ͷʵͦµģҪ˵˵
ү͸æˣԺɹòҩ˻æĥҩۣΪԻ֡
ֹѪĲҩȻ˵ʦҩĸɶȻɣĥҩ𣿡
ɵĳ̶ˣϾڵ̫ʢĶĥҩ㹻ˣ÷ѵ㾢ϵҩ۲ˣżء
.

һʮ£

Ȼү˵ˣҲû˵ʲôԹİĥҩۣʵҲʮϲЩҩ򽻵ΪҲ⣡
үʹˣ첲Ҳȴǰĥһ㿪ʼ첲״ǻҩɶȻе㲻ĥҲȽϷѾ
ĥҩ۵ĹҲе㲻һƺүƵģûȫɹĲҩѵʱҲܱĥɷ״
ʱĥүո˼ôҩۣүҲլʺ񣬹žҲƽԼĥҩҪѶ
Լģүָ˵ԼǰľЩ˿ãʮŬҪõϿɵʱүҲʮָп
ͰҲ෢ʲôۣү˼еѣոջڻǰһֺ˵ʱɽϵĲҩöˣ
ʱԼɻȥóῼ㡣
ô˵ţţ̱ԼӹһСӲ֪ǶʲôˣкɫӣΪһֱͣץӣ
үҲ˾ռߵģóһСҩݸţ̣ĨһΣܻ֢ⷢ״ɲҪӣͲÿˡ
ţͷȻԼģҩҲǵһˣҩͳͭݸүүҲȻȻľ
֪˼ҩǮţ̫̫ע⵽һ߸ĥҩ㣬ϣϱĥҩİһֱûҲУϸҲܲôۣ
㲻ˣǴкˣܾ˻ʲô˼˵үҸɻģҽɡ
ʱү㲻ĥҩˣȥԼٷԸЩ
үԼǲôİɣϣڻؼ֮ǰԼҪԵķҲû˵ģԸ࣬ЩͷĲүԣϲҪ
ǲ֪үθôõģҲ˵ͦõģ
ͷүԺժ˼ôУ׼ͼһ𳴣ҲүԸģ߸
.

һʮһ£ӱС

õģҼסˣʦȳ緹ɣ㵱ʱǲ̫֪ү鼮ǼˣȻ϶֡
үţؼҵʱɵüӱСˣ
£˳ֱ㷭ҽŵǱ飬ԵĿһۣݴ¾ҽŹΣоһЩҩӡ
һصľͶǸֲҩˣеڱݸĿصĲҩ֪ģڲҩļЩ㡣
˵֮ǰ˲ΣϱûмϴѪ˳Բ£뵽ү
ĺ鱾ſʵʦҽǸ˭ѧأʦү𣿡
УľȥˣֻһЩ鼮Լ࿴ѧ
үĻ׹ԭôѧҽģѹЩϸ֮Ϊû˻
ҽʮ꣬ʮ꣬ӦҲûȥرԶرĵط˿ɣֻиׯ˻ЩȥЩְҵֺٻʲô󼲲
˵ʲôļƳүǰҲ޲߰ɡ
Щɲ˵үԼǲȥˣҰүǸƢԼ˵ʶٵĻ϶Ҫˣ
Ϊֱӵʦͽֱӷѣ˵ǲ˵Ϊá
үոճ緹̧һ˵˹ҲŹȥһ£̧ǸӣŴǸˣ
ӦڲԵʱ򱻶ҧˣ˺ҧĺۼӦʨϻһģҧĶӦûû꣬Ȼôܴӻա
ү˿ڶԸȥҴˮ
ͷһһˮֻү˿ڸ΢ϴһ£ûôѪҺ֮óԼȱĥõҩ˿
ҩһһѣ˵ȵƺˣͷ϶ǺҲԲȥʱ㵹뵽һ£ү֪ɢ
֪Ĵڣֻûɢ˵Ҳ԰ǵԭûеģ
Աϻʨҧ˵ˣүƺҲֹֻܸѪҩȥȻ˿ڿٵֹѪ裬ʵĻ᲻Ⱦŧһ⡣
.

һʮ£

ϾʨϻԵĶǱСɾǿ϶ģǲ֪˸ȾŧļǶ٣϶оͶˣ
ò˵үҩͦõģ˴ȳݺ۴ܿûܶѪһĹѾǺˡ
үָЩҩۣȻùɾĲˣⶼⷭһЩ˿̲ס˵ʦҪ˿ڻǱ˰ɣһ˿ճĻ
˵ʲôݶүҪ϶ҪģѪһֱô죡
ѻ˵꣬˵ӱ㿪ڴĻԿүЩĿеĵطǾД˵ǾǶԵġ
㱻ү˵ͽҲΪ룬һⲼճһˣٷֿĻ۵ģĻҪעһҳණ֮Ū˿ϣ
үǿͽ֣ҲǸӣ̵˼ԡ
˵ҲҶ˵ʲôˣĿһۣ˵ǰүɣ
ɣҵˣͷԲãͽ˼ⲼʱܼһЩʹ࡭
үǰ˰˿ڰˣүָץ˼ҩؼˮһȣȻ˰̧ؼˡ
ǸȻؼ֮úͲûˣĻүԸ˵ӸһҩӦòʲô
Էߺү㣬οԵ˵Щ˾ģϰ˾ͺãúøѧȵб֮Щ˾Բո˵
û¶Ұʰһ°ɣЦЦոǸ˵ڵϵѪһͷŵѪζ
ܿͻᱻвҩζڸǣʱѪˮϴŪɾģܻѪζ
ѵʰĸɸɾҲͦģԽԼոͽǶԵģЩҲһϹͷٷʰˡ
һûôţ˹үͷҪץҩæãֱӰҪץҩģҪץٶȻץҩ
үԵ˲٣ֻ˰ѰľˣڳǸԻûʲô˻ز
ƾүôˣһ˼Ǽ᲻óԣܵĶȥǮ
.

һʮ£ϰ

һֱΪǸͦãͦĵŮˣû뵽ҲֻǱϵģƺǺ֣ܿ
ӹеľ軹Цô˰ҹƻõһء
ҲͺӵС·ˣҲرϴϴ͹ľͰˣɩȥĶ
ʼҪȥĶʱҲһãӣҲ֪ԼȥĶ
Ĭ˺һᣬ˵ⲻů׼˫ЬӣȻ󡭡ﶫ˽ȥ
㿴ŻѵıһѻҲ𴩣ֻЦаɣ˵ҼӻûЬӴأͷҸϲЬӵʱвĵطɩ𣿡
ȻԣҪûվͰѶңҰǽЬӳС
Ҳ֪үѧҽĻȽæԶײڵľȻܰϵľͰһ㣬κڱȴ˰ͽᣬķ㣡
ҾͲɩӿˣɩæɣһؼȥˡ
ӻ׼ˣȴ˵Ҳ㾭߶ڼæʲôأôҪп˻Ҫ߸˵˵ġ
㺬Цͷϸһ˻Ҳû˵ϻһҲʲôˣ㴺ŵĻھ͸ϵ¶ˣ
ĵҲģû˺ϷҲͦ˵ӣϲϲĺأǺ͵ܵЩ
ǲȥұСҲеģΪ߾취ǿĿ֣
ϴ·඼ʱˣصҾҪ׼£ڵĿȥүææҲЩ¡
ҹխСĴϻһУ·ȫһĲʵǱѼҷ˸һɶʣɶ
Ϊˣȴû뵽үҪԼΪͽƺҲûô̶̼֮ڿ˵һۡ
ſţڰлܿ۾գţ˵ɫˣЩ˯ɣ첻ǻҪȥүҡ
ƲƲ죬ŻСӣ㲻Ҳû˯ҿ϶ģõĻȥ
ʱҲǾŵ಻ʮ㣬ǰǲʮһ㶼˯ŵģ˵˯˯ˣ
տʼ˯ʵͦĵģϾʲô豸ûУҹ˯ǿⷢҲʼϰˡ
.

һʮ£һ˯

úúã˯Ҳһ˯ɡ
㿴һǴĶģçԭһ氡
Ҳ˵̫໰û˯ˣڶîʱ׼ʱ˹ûоκˣϴȻ˷ˡ
㿴һɫһûкͺ𴲣Ƕ˯һȻԼñˣ
ȥү֮ǰ㺰˵ҰڹˣȺȥʢһ£Ȼιԣ˰
ͷ˿Щѣȥɣﲻõģúøүѧϰ
ʵүҾʵ㲻ԶֻҪпȫԻؼҿһۣϾҪչ˵үҲ˵ʲôģ
ϼűүȥҲ磬ŵʱũ׼ȥһԼأȻء
һֵĶףһΣ＾һأ˵ջҪ࣬ξǷˣֻмĺزֶӡ
үҵʱԼԺŹǷ˾͸ţ
Ļͦ磬緹Թ𣿡
Թˣʦأ
ܻûԣӸոӿүû˯Ѷõġ
Ȼү˵ûأûȥԵðɣʳʲôĶ棬㿴У
ү治͵ԼŮһָʹҲûʲôҲһٷԼ϶ҲԲ࣬Իͦġ
үҵĳŷǴĵӦоУм⣬Щһ̳ӵˡ
үһڰ˵࣬˳ͷڹһϣͷˬһ緹Ҳͦˣ
ʱŷ˷ŵүǰ΢ƾɵ鼮㽫Լֱߵݸ
ֽӹһҽţһаٲ¼ֻү˵ûȥúÿʱһῼģʲôʶ־ңɵúúñĪҪˣ
ƺүıأҲˣǶҲҽġ
ӣȴ޲Ū㡣
.

һʮ£д

ðð׽дֱֵ֣֣ϲͷһۻ˯е˸ơ
С˯أˡ
ϲѱ˯֪סСͣͬʱͷһۣ˯һ
űס䣺׿д֡
ͷڵϻ֮Ա֣ϲ鱾͵ϵֶԱȣȻ̾һ
ۣ׺ðŶдֺϵĲһģһģ
ԱһԾԾԵģͬСľڵģֿʼǵһддŤŤ̫ʲô֡
˯˰ʱ㿴Ӻſڵͷ֪ڸֻǿø˵Ӱ
Ҳûд˿ֵʱ䣬ϲͱĻ˽ڸʲôҲǵһ֪㾹Ȼʶ֡
ƾһ㰡Ͳ֪ŮӺõȥˣԴ֮ļһֱǸɸɾģԽԼ˴ˣ˸ĸؼң
㣬Ϭһ͸оڿԼͷһŷѾˡ
ʲôʱѵģȻҲ˵͵ǽˣ¶һıǵٵʷһ
⸱ģɵЦ˳Ϊϵ˵кһˣȻһֱ˵죬ҾͲˣ
ŵ˵ĻϲҲͦ˵ģȻӹĲãĵľͦˡ
˯֮㲻ٽд֣ϴ·ȴϴ·ľҲˣϴĻֻȥӱ߶ˣ
һҲͣӰʵ㾹Ȼд֣Ǹ˭ѧģ
Īձе࣬ƺ֮ǰ˹ϵܲӣοԼҲ˼ֻ˵ʦϵء
Ҳûֱָ࣬־صǿϵǸճĿǴ˵ֲʲô¡
룬ƺǲܱ¶̫飬һɽŮֻҽֻʶֵģ֪ǴĶѧģñɹģ
ԭȻô˵ˣôˣ˵־͵ӹҲǴδһ۵أȻǸ˸ũػĲںӡ
.

һʮ£ϴ·

Ƕ鱾ҲʮָȤģֻҲȥʶֵģű˽ӱжĽˣͽˣҲûôִˡ
񿴵鱾еǷݿӿ͵ʵҲȥ飬ȥģ˵ϵʮ꣬ʮĶУ
˻׼ȡ״Ԫأûô־ʶһЩȽϳֱ㲻ˡ
ϲⱦ飬˯֣ϲرϲ鱾ȥ˵ϲϵζָ֪ĴԼīζ
ڷܺѧﰵһҪ˽Ӷд֣һһӶŸ˴򹤹ӡ
к֮·׼ȥȥϴ·ϳ˿Ǽ˾һƪ˻
ŸľͰСȻĳкϱ·Ǹɶȥ
׼ȥϴϴ·ɩִˮȥ˰ͻǱȽϤˣ˵ҲȽ
˵ȥϴ·»ﲻĿ㣺ôˮϴǾˮ̫𣿲罫Ͱȸðɣ
͵ǵģǰ첻Ƿ˼ϴ·ľҲûˣҪȥӱϴ
ߵ˵Ҳ֪ˮɲɾ⣬ϴ·һ㶼Ǵˮؼϴٻںӱϴ°ѺˮŪ˾û취ˣ
⻹˵ҼҵȽһ°ɣȥӱߵĻȲ˵װѺˮŪ࣬ǺӱҲΣգҸľó
Ǿллɩˡ
Ҳû׼ȥҵľͰһã
߷һжԼţ̵˿ţ̸һĵ˵ɽϱ㻹ʲôͿʼͽˣԺǲЬӶҪᰡ
ûϢĶ˳ɶҲɲã·ʹ԰׷ģ
ҲУֵĶϱҲʮֿϣҪǿ˻ӵķݶͱϳˡ
һ˻ӼҵľͰȥϴ··Ϻ׼ȥˣߵּſȴÿ߳
鲻̫ãľʱ򻹺úõģôһĹʲôˣ
ɩȥĶľˣ
.

һʮ£Լ

һ̶˼ߵ㻹Ĵӵţƽʱû˵仰ȫܹк
׻ү󰡣֮ǰ㻹ǺܻܲӭģһЩ˼ȴһϸǰա
ҲһӦǣȴô飬ܸһ־УҪǱֵ̫䵭˰ɾͿ϶˵үͽҲˣ
˵仰ģ̫ĻԼԼǸɳ񣬱乧ά׵Ļ͵ˣĪ˵ˣ;ǸʮֵĴ
εʱڶɢȥүҲˣѰ˼ԼϢһҲȻȥٹʽæ
ӦǣűֱҪ뿪ʵеڴصԼǰ˿ǶӵģǲͨĹ
ôоԼ˺ܶ࣬ǰŸ̤үļţȴͻȻס
ͷүʵʦǻʲôҪ˵𣿡
һ£ҰҼòΰʸóûؼȥðɣʡµˣҲٻһӲǡ
ô˵ү㳯ԼҶѷķȥүϾʹˣ㲢ԼһȥӰʲôģϽ׷ȥ
һ·﷿޷һүʲô߰ĶǺ޹ضֵҷš
үҲ֪Լ﷿Ķ̫ˣԾЩΣûʲôʱʰӰʶˣҸóؼҲɾֳš
̲סЦЦллʦˣ
үʰɣ϶þǻҳˣ˵һֱûʦأʦѾȥˣ
ûʣүһСӴ﷿˳һһСӡ
үָűĵ˵ˣţûȥһ˶һȥҸѵӺӰһһ˲ܶûȥˣ
ֻүִһѲõﵱзһʵıĸʰϣЩƣҲȫˡ
ױŰɣСץһߣүСԴ˵ǱǸúӣ㻹̫Сӻ᲻Լɡ
.

һʮ£Ⱦڵ

ҲͷԼֱֻ㽫ӸʵӲҲأһĺӶȫᶯϾ͸ʲôˣ
ǰү˵ллүү͵ӺͰʣˣүүˡ
һһүүеү̵ģĿͱԶ˲ŻԼҡ
ȥ·ûһˣ̧ͷ˿죬Ʊ˼ҶѾʼũæѽûأǲòЩ
˵ּҵʱҲû˵ҪѵطָһЩҪߣˣ붼롣
ص֮㿴ż濴ϲ̾ͳ˹ȥ
ףЩζĶİүүҵ𣿡ϲŵʣҪϲ鱾һڵϣ
·ϵĻҳ˵ǰүүҷŲõģ˻ʱţϲôԼһŰ˵𣿡
ϲص˯ϲſڿ顣
Ȼ˯ҲûˮζһߣԺˣɵʱԴһſڣ
־̺ҲϲĺܣȻдֶʲô˼
ºˣ³ӶǼСĸŶСӼҲãСʱ㽫ͷ֮ԱǼ仰ˡ
һ֮󱦶ͻȻƲƲ˵ף˵Ĳԣ֮ҲԱƣ㿴ţ̼ǸӣҲСӰɣررĻ
㾪ȵĿһ۱û뵽Ȼ뵽ط౦СԴ˵Ǳﻹ̸߻ˣʵСġ
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ƶǶĿ㣬˵Ļʵ̫־ʮֶͷ
ΪĺӲÿǵЩ⣬תһ»⣬鱾Ϻɫ壬˸С֦Σֱ˽һһΣԼһ
еСľ˵Ȳˣ׽дϵΣ
.

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ϱѾΪˣǸŮӡ
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뻢䣬ۿʱҪſڣؿڵ˾½㻤űһ·ߵүſڡ
ʱȺˣڻǸͽܣһү˵˵Ǵ˭ҵĺӡ
˽ү쵽Լߵ˵˵ⲻҽյͽܣһﶼ֪˭˰ɣ
ӽ󰡣ҵͽܣȰҴʲôģʦͽʲôĲ֮ܵλⰡ
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үô°ôĴСŰΪʦҪھȻѻŮӵͽܡ
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ȺУǵһүۻ軨ġ
ȻȺϽˮһ˵ͣүҲûǷУǰһЩ˲˵ˣ֪ǻܽΪͽ顣
⺢ĺѧҽ֣ո˵ЩҲͿǹˣŮбǺҪҲһҪΪɲôּߵͽЩϧ
룬ҲֻӿҲŮӹҾЩ˿ˣոŮͽܣԺŮӹͽⲻȫҾΪͽҲͦõģǾأ
үôһƺûͦеģ֮Ҳûôˣֻ˱ԹѧҽȻβ𣿱ҽûѧûˡ
.

һʮ£

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㿴үָ׻ŮԸоûʲôҪģүĸͷˡ
ûб˰ɣûǱҪʼʦʽˣ
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ʦǰүǽһþȻĿĽӹ豭һڲˮžͽӵϸ
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үǴӣＰ׷׶һǱˣȥȥѧҽ
Ҫ˵үΪʦһʱħһҪүͽܣѧҽ
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׶ӵĽѵǰôܻһɵͽܣǲԼԼ鷳¶
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㻹֪һ˵ſЦأѼʰһ±ϴϢˣȻƽ㷢˲Ծ
.

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Լ֣ӱų߷Žݴȿˮһʵڴſţûˡ
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УЩũʵ㲻ʲôΪǳԲϷ²˵أǾȻԼµģ׼ƽ⡣
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ǰץҩ˱ʵүѼﲼõôҪǶҪˣ
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ﾪȵĿһۣ·˵Ȼ֪£
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һ㶣û뵽үոͽܾȻܸô
˵ӣŶܺܿͲˡүҪյͽܣǲǸоܾȣ
.

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˵ûдӹձ̾ͱˣ˵ûʲôﲡǺˣ廹أ㲻óӰ
ߣ˵ǸǮˣҲ֪Т˳治֪ʲôʮŸһʮӡ
ҲĿ㣬ǲһˣͬһۺ졣
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.

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ؼҵţ˰죬ò׵ȵһ˼ҼҪôණȥҪǼۣһͭ壬ھȻҪ
.

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ҵ·һЩˣĺкǶһĵͷҲǴкˣǺ˵
ڻô͸ףܸɵԭǲ޵ģΪӵĹϵû˸ҸףȢ˸ϱһӡ
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ĸһͬߣһʵձǶڼҰɣоôˣ𣿡
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ĸϸģ㻹ע⵽Ƚ˵ĸһֱһѻӣƵģӹܺþ͹ˣ
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.

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뵽֢˵Ҳºһ㣺ôǿأոջĵĺúõġ
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ĸһԼŮ⻰Ҳͦе˵ʵôЩŮŷӻ治٣ֻΪӶûסȻҲڴǸԣ˼ҡ
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ٷȥ÷պϳţҲǳ֮ƣȻͭ岻ˣõŵĶҪġ
.

һʮ£Ǻ۸

緹ȥĸǿɣǸʱձڼ˯ǰԭʮ־ɥĲĸӶˣڵɲ£
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ɣǴŹư˳ؼҵ·ƵţͷϿһЩ顣
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ҹӳ˳ż鿾˵ķڵԺﲻϵĴЦȴģ
һޱ޼ʵգԼ˷ЩϢ컹ҪȥŲΪȺ˸еѹҲûʱѹ
ѾǷʮӣձǱ߿ɲκβӷˣ
Щľƣһ鷬׼ڵϴ̣ǰſһ£еڴЪһ
ʲôûˣֻܴˣǴ̶ûжıǣһʱ֮˯Ķ⣡
˯ɣûôˣ΢Ųһ¸ڵضеġ
ô˵ҲҪæԼŲ
ɰһæȥֹҶ㣬ҪѪˡ
ڸϣ˵׼ܰϵѪŪһ飬ʱҪ˿Ѫģ
ҲûʲôŲ˴棬ڳظ˯ˣſܵ˵ʱҪ´ˣſ⼸Ӧúܲɣ
԰˯Сʵȫ˯̫õľ˯ҪɻǱѡ
ܿõģ˯ɣˣټϺü춼ſţҲ˯̫ãٴڴϾǾʮʡ
ܿͳ˯ȥΪ˯Ŷһֱ˯տ
һ˯ļΪʣһɫȻѾǵһôҲûнǾʱ̫ˣ˯һ
νڲϲԼȥ˲ûп˵һ
Ķȥˣ
˯ʧӰ٣ЬӶûüѰ
ϲҲ˻Ӧţǳȥˣ
ָϽƿԺȥȴƼϲСɿ㾪һˡ
.

һٰʮһ£ȥ

Ѿڱ߱Եʮֲͷĳɤ˵ʮܼ㷿Ӷ㲻ˣ㻹ʲôߵ޷ǰɣ
үмţϱʲô˵˵˵İϽ˵ʲôɡ
үģǿ϶һǸģһ¶ڸšһӣе
оͶ㣬ûоٸ㣬ֱЩӻΪֹȻϣҪһ԰Ӹ壬ϾʮҲǱСĿӣǵ
µʱԼòҪñĶȥӣ֮͵÷ˣһ㣬˿һӻˮأһ
Ҿԣͬ̾õǮ˵һ㣬ǵһʮȫǿЩأ
ү˫۾תţ˼ף˺һ˵ãԼ־ϣడдݳɡ
Ĺһû־ݹ־ݶһģֻҪǩ־ݣﷴҲǩһݣ
һһҲõһ־϶ֽţ뵽Щү࿴ۣ⺢ӵǸˡ
־д˵ֱ֣˻ڸԵϻѺ־һһõϣǶ
־ݿЦºˣֶʮծûǻˣǱˣ
ϲ̵Ľ־ݵ÷ŽԼ䵱Уɤֵⷿӵ¶ǽˣ̸̸ּҵľɣʵҲûʲô̸ģҵģĶҲðģڷ˼ҪҵĶˣ
үɫ䣬ŵĿּҾȻǵ߸ԷּҶֵĹˡ
һ˼ҶԼĶƽһӣŽзּңӵķּҰ
ôӣᣬҲ˵ĻŮ˹Ȼһӻˮŷ㲻ù
ѵ˵ˣԼ˵ЩǲðģֻӣļҾ߻ҵأҪʲôȥ
޳ܵתֻͻȻ˳ȥҲ֪Ҫȥ
.

һٰʮ£ʳ

үҲ̾˿׽ϵ˵㣬ҲֻгԿķݶŮ̫թ ̫Ҫˡ
ô찡ʮӻҪۼҵĶߣ
㿴ϵȴҲһ޼ƿʩģ㣬˵ûдĶñġ
ҪҲ޻˵ٳǮѼĶҲһӿ϶ֻûҪһǮ
үֻó԰ο㣺ЩˣνɵĲȥµĲˣͷµģʵһɣĪҪٸˣ
ʮүĻţҪƴƴôӻƵĵͦãպϵⶼóˡ
үȰ˵뿪һ㣬˵ɺ˹˵ָᶫ
һӵӶߣڳĹư裬ũǶҪۿ绹ùӻ˼ҡ
ȥȴסֻ֣ǿЦ˵ˣǵ㶫û˾ûˣͷµģҪǲͻˣ
Ͼ廹ûãһôȺ˵Ķء
õĶȫˣʣһЩûõ۷ڡ
ˣ˵оƷأӻôоĵĶûˡ
ΪʣЩãûʲôҪˣȴӳｫʳóˣ
ǿԼģôܱߣû˵ҪԼʳûסүϽ㡣
ֻܵǰͰʳȫˣһѣȵȹˤڵص类ϵСʯͷ֣
Ѫӵͼеʲô˭ĵӾȻҡ
ģͬһģ̳ģ˵ĸŮЩطʮģ⸱ģ˸ˣ
֪άԼ֪ԼƢҲ״
㱧Լʳ˭͸˭ƴ˼ʳԼģƾʲôҲҪߣҪԼȥ
ߵĶҲϵѪ̧־Ҫ㣺ŮˣǺôҲСӣиɩӵûУ
.

һٰʮ£ֵʮ

¶ҲһЩŸǼвˣ緹Ϳϲһʮֲı顣
οӺð죬˲Ŷһ߿־ȥһӹ߬Ҳȥ
ʱһȻ˵õһֽ־ݴԼֶɱ˹㽫־Ӹ
˫ֱ۵˵־ǸˣǩǲǩԼҪǲǩʹСӺȥɣ
ù־ݿһۣȴһߣ߿˵־ǩǿǩԼҲмҪ棬ҪͬǩͬԸȥסҲǩġ
˵ҲǺηӦ־ݱϸ־ݹдģһʱֿȥ
дֿûѽõĻͦ졭
־дĵͦ˵ģȻֲ࣬ȴһʮֲԾ
־д⣬Ϊ˭һʶְһдʮȥôĻǴҲǩ־ҲûҪˣ
©֮׼˺־ݣǾʶ֣ԶʮҲֵᷢġ
Ҫ˵θҲǲСһӿ¶ûʮôӰɣȻ̰ôࡣ
ﲻ־ˣ˹䱦˵˺˸ɶҪʮûز㲻ǩа취
а˵ȥ˯ˣֻҿӵʱҪ˭ȥҲûԸ⻨ʮôסʱ͵òʧˡ
˵ʮʮǶӶȻǼ۵ʮ˲ˣʮǻҪʱ꣡
Ƴһ࣬˹Ҳ֪Լʶɣ֪ô뵽˺
زﻹƱ磬ԲѵʮǵİʣʮӦòôӣ
ûУҪʮӵĻû̸ԼŰɡ
Ҳڸ˵ʲôϻֻҪû۶ǲֶ˵ģǰƤӶĥҲûκҪõ˼
ֻ̫ƭĿתƵϣԼʮֵֵʮӡ
.

һٰʮ£һĲ

û˵ﲻֵôôԴԼģҲֻԼ֪ˣҲǸڳԵĲö
˸Լ˸ϱûκζԼõˡ
ȴԼǲˣ˲ϿԼǣ﹩Թȣ֪˵绹ֱӶˣ
ǰӲˣ˵Ҳмʮˣ㻹ҪҪô࡭
ԼҲΪ밡ǰΪ׬һӶĽȥºԲ
ˣֻԼ˵Ҳʲô£ӲУΪɷ͸ףǹϰȵӡ
ǰֻ͸ãҲֵˣԲٸôӣ
ǰǰڣʮûȻǾ͸߰ɣǲͷģճķӾ͵ֿʹãѵ¡
ϱҸӣʮӾͲˣ·ɣ
үִͷһ϶ͷȴһͿӡ
еĺܰһ
дԹƺү£Ҳ˵
Ŷϱ˵¶ģˣϱʮʵЩ˰Ī˵ӡ
ͷҸ˿ץҩҲ׬ôӣԺô㰡ܹʮֻµʱ㻹ڲ˵
۽һ㣬ʮɣܲǩ־Ҳò˰˵ǲ
үƺͦ˵ģЦЦʵ˵Ҳʵôû˱ôж׬ˡ
Ȼܰ۾Ͱһ˵Ҳ̫ˣ
ȻﲻϰݣʮһҲ٣үǸ˵˵ڷʮҪԺɾûôˡ
оϻþգүϣܹס
ּ¶ô˴죬Ų鲻ԸͬʮӹУҲҪǩ־ݣպǮһֲٵĸ÷ˣ
ԭҪʮӵ־ǱˣдһݳȴдݣҪ
.

һٰʮ£Ƕ

ҪˣⲻǰҪƫƫǻûκηӣ
ӣҲûбĵطȥﻹûӣȻȥĵطܲ˵ġ
ˡһƣҪЭ˼æֹҪ˵Ļ
ЩҪδҲ̫ˣǾ̸ּܾҵ飬ʲôʱô˾ʲô˵ɡ
ͷһŤҲųҪôһʱˣٵһ㣬뷨Ȱȶ
ݲ˵̸̸Ҹ˵Щ֪ͨ㣬ͬ⣬־ȥǩǾ͸Ͻʰȥɣ
ǽһԵ֮ʹҡڵ뿪
ıӰܾҲַּҵģû˵ᵽ˷ּңں˼Ҳòɶôɣ
ĥ͸е뷨Ȼ֪йҲް취ô죿
ǩǸν־ԺҪＸʮӣǩǿ϶᲻İϳȥ˻ûãԲܱŲ
үҲ̾ô̯ôĸס
㿴үһۣùС£үôô͹ˣ˵ɣ
үڰ֣˹ϵ˳ôˣⱻӸ˰עƵˡ
ô˵үҿϵıⱻͷʢʱȥɹ˲Ÿϸǣܲôһֱ¶ɣ
Ҫ˿಻ðʵҲ֪ϱˣһֱ˺üԸĸϡ
үƿӿƵһȵģȻлָĻҪãҪ졣
Ϊʲôܺõô죬͵ˣүܿνչ˵˺õģ
ҩжʱϵģչ˲˵صڿǶˡ
Щϸڵĵط㴦ıүãһδѧҽСһЩزүоȣ
ͬʱһ뷨ѿǺúýһ㣬նܳΪһҽɣ
źúøһ˿ڵүĬĬѱӸǻϣȲʵүҺõôˣҪò´
.

һٰʮ£Ա

ү°ͣ˼֮صѾǻָĺܺˣи´ˣҲҪļˣ
߰춼ģҲͲ´ˣүĿϡ
үʲô㲻Ŀͷһۣһ쵽һ˼ģҲ֪ʲô
ֻүһʮģ˵ҿѧҽЩֵģΪͽɣúøѧϼҽպиһ֮𾴣󸻴˵Աġ
աΪͽ㲻ŵĿүȻԼͽܣʵ֪ıүҪֻ࣬һֱû¶ѣ
ǰҪԸΪʦ͸ҿĸͷպȥҼҺѧҽΣүʮֵž϶ԸԼΪʦ
Ҫ֪һҪԸأ
㻹ԼûҪٰүΪʦϸһ룬ΪʦҲãҲ˸ɽոҲˣﶼҸ˵ʲôĻ
ͷүңԸΪͽȻǺõģھ͸ͷʦ𣿡
ү룬ʦС£ҡҡͷͷҿʽʦԺȥҼҸ˰ҩץҩʱѧϰã
áشЩǿ֪Ǳߵ»ܼܲȥҪǿеæˣץҩҩϻؼġ
˵ģⶼڶҲûоʲôõĶһôһҲǱͣˣ
ү緹ɳˣûԾͻǼҳԹٻذɡ˼үϹԶٷЩ˵ȥʦҹϵһϣүܵҲǸҰɣ
үǸæˣû±ҪߣҾͲˣﻹвҩҪҰҿܲܳհǰɣδҲ̫˵㡣
ү֮˳ʼСˣСĳҪûˣ̾˿ʼջ
ϳԵʱϺܰԷߴߴ˵ıҲ࣬Ƕ֪пԺûмˣúء
ӵķӦ㲻ɵ̾˿ʵû취־ʱǩ˰ɣǷԺŷӺúǺܹģ
.

һٰʮ£ӿ

ǾΪҪһĿڳȥô˵е˰ɣֱûԣҪֺвɻǸϳȥҲûʲôϵ
治±˴ļ
֨Ͻ̬ɣҪɻȥҪҵӣ
Ŀ˳ĬϣԼ϶ǲܸ˸ɻģǿ´
һɬĿԼʮŮˣܲܿЩʱգĲȥ˸ɻȥ˵ĺأ
ı΢ûл⣬һ񶾵ã˭ܷģȻĶôһ£ȥɻҲУӹңȻͷּҡ
ڴǰо֣ﵽǳԴʲôҩҪּң
ԣ¶Ρ
ûӣӲǶǾǵȫ𣿡
δй棬ǰˣô˵̰ᰡ׻ҪôܷŹԼԼúõĹӣ
û취ˣǾҵ߰ɣҵأʵڲоͰˡ
һûһеɻȥһĿҪȥ˻ȥĶ
ֻԼû£ԼļҶûУ䵽Ҫ˸ߵĵز
һĳʲôأԶĶˣͣһգ
̵ʱүſڴ˹ֻɫص˹˵ϱδЩ̫˰ɣ
´߶ҪȥɻȥҪּңû˵ԺͲȥɻˣֻڲܣôԴδЩ˰ɡ
ڼӰ
ҪҪȥûӶȥ˰һҸ磬˼ҵĻûֹҪһŵģͲһº𣿡
ү˵һͨﲻĺһҪҽָֻүҲ㲻ʲô˰ɡ
үɲýһҲٽҪ֪Ƿ±ӵ㣬ɷû۾õˡ
˾Ͳ̬Ⱥõ˵˵ûȻˣǼ˻Ƣôĸܵ㰡
УҲָǸһ˺˰ɣһҪֵģǲܸӿԣҲһֱҵҵסҵġ
.

һٰʮ£

ﻹҪ˼үе㶯ŭˣߵĳҲʼ˹ˣ
ֻүŭɽҵ˵ǲӺúù£ҪŲɾĵĳȥ˼ҵĵ䵽ز
үȥһ˲֪ˣѰ˼Ϲ˳鿴һôˣ
⻹ṳ̂ű£ҲܹԼϱô֡
ϧﲻ֪ү˼ΪڹԼǮ顣
ҲүתòҲܳȥɣǾͷּҰɣԺôҲܣһ˵Ҳˣ
͵͵һҡҡͷȴ뱻￴ǸʲôƤҪ̫ˣҼҵģҵĲס˻Ҫ𣿡
ǰܶ˵ּͬһˣǽﲻԾֱ¶Σ
Ҳ̫ˣ봲Ҫӷȥ˵ˣӰ˭Ҫӣǲܵģ
үþͿסƶû̫̱̫ˡ
סҲǲУͿԼסҲҪ̫࣬ʮǻԭⲻסţȻ󡭡
ôҲܰɣҪּǲǵøҵ㲹Ҫ֪Ƿ±ôӶΪǶģѵø𣿡
⻰ǰүһһ㶵ģʲô˵ԼĵĲɾ˼ң
үԩûţ˼⣬ҪͰ͵ĹھȻȸ״
ƫƫַּҵһ˲֣ܲһҲҪʮǸ۲۵Ĳԡ
ȻүǸ˵Ҳ̲ס˵ĶŪʮȥҩѻûңӲˡ
ôҲǸʮģҪŪĸһͲܶԺӿһ㣿ϱԼôЩǰ׳ҷˣҪɴҪˣ
ʱǽһʹһתصӾ־ݣɶʱɶʱ򻹣ҪǸҲͱҲ
ͷǲˣһЩ¾͸þϸһЩϵʮֱˣܵܵ˳ǿԶһЩȥ
.

һٰʮ£ѻ

ձȻûĸǸƢҲѱˣǸԹ̵ܽӣǶĸ˵ǻҶ˵һ䣬Ψǵŭ
˵Ĺ۲һİ裬ΰʶбҵĺۼеģĸӲʻûü޲
˰ﵽףɴѰȸһ£һȣҲ֪ձôŪģһӵȡ
ѵ˵ĵְ˻ȥҲжϵģÿŪһ֮޵㶼޺ˣ
ȴĸѻһȥĶҾֻôŮˣҲǼ޵˼ȥˣܻܲһɡ
룬صȥɣҸܳסĻɣҲٰԼܸɵģôҲܻϿڱ԰ɣ
ĻĸҲû˵Ȼ㿴Щҡˣڶ˵뿪ûиõѡˡ
Ǹ˼ϵĲ͹ջϴҲ׬ͭؼң˲ҪôǮñ˹ܳԹסҲаٲðˣ
޲һЩĸ£ȻǺ˱ӣʱ䲻ˣҲûȥˣԼúϢɣٹȥ㡣
һ˵Ҫĸ̴ӴĿ㡣
ûΪһıͺǻȥأ˻ȥҲܵĵģ
û취ĸֻĿȥŹϵһĸ̲סˡ
ŵߣٴμǸƼݵĸʱжҲеʹɣʱҲֲԼ˭
ͬʱӵ˵ļ䣬ָоһˣһĸ޸ԣһ̲סۡ
һ·Ҳ˼ǧҵʱѾʱĩˣһʱҪˣϲѾ˯ţ
ֻ۾µʵô˯ûҪһֱҵġ
㣬ԴؼĿûŲұȽϵ㣬Ҳ˯ţôˣǲĲĺأ
ðɣձȻƭǣͲǵ˿ȼ˷纮ȻҲڿԣҹ˵ҩˮˣŵڲŻء
ЩߣձʵЩˣûôȻƭӵģ
ȴûı飬ǾȵĿ㣺㾹Ȼ֪˷纮Ҫʲôҩ
.

һپʮ£

֪ҵﲻãӲþȫҸҵĲҩȻκõġ
⵹ҲѣΪǰԭĸιģֻҪȥǸһ¾֪
֪֮ûж˵ʲôԽԼ˸ϱǶʮֵˣʮίˡ
бµŮӣĶǱϲģƫƫܾίԽԽ̫ίˣ
ɲ֪ʲôſڴɫƣ˵ֻҪĲˣǾͲøձˣҲûʲôӸ¶ˡ
ţۻ˰ɣ˯һɣ
߻صȻľô˯ˣΪ˯ĺþһȴ˴š
ű˴ƿ˻˯һĿڣһӴŤͷһ㿴ڵվſڣ
ҲѣȵҲ˯ͷû˯һ㡣
ôˣ֮һοһôҲЩ
ôΪԼģǽŵҲǡ
ȻĲ룬￴˵ôȥɻⶼˣһøҵӻأҿǻӣûͳȥɻ׬ȥˣ
㱻е㲻ˣҲ˵Ż˼ˣȥҸ򿴿۾ɣſڴǿ
ⶼ´ǰʲôӲ𣿼һ㲻˵ģҪγȥɻ
ҼΪ׬ǮɻõģٸҷϻϽɻȥ㲻ȥɻɾͲܹҲʳˡ
ҵбˣʳҲŸҪˣҵҲͦʡĵģɴּҵˣԺ󶼲øʳˣ
ǿɤ£ϲСŶ䡣
ǱЦ㲻Ըʳǣǲŷ׬ʳڶӣôʲô˵Ͳһأ
԰׷Ǻ˼ûǸʲôʳҪҼҲˣҪǲȥɻͶҹȥⷿҲҼҵġ
.

һپʮһ£ܻ

߸øȵҩҲˣүһκλбһֱҿûа취ֻûȥץҩˮýʪΪ塣
һȥüˣʱҲһֱ̱ڴߣ̶ʱ䣬ȴ˷츲صı仯
ûʱȥӦ˿Լ˺һŽԼڵӱߵʵ
ôأȻɽ𣬵ǶϲϵȻԿõİ취Ƿּˣ
ЩٺһɣöԼǸνĸ˰ɣʲôĳԼųĺӶҪҲаֵĹ֮ġ
ĳԺöȣԼҩָô죿رﻹڱɳڵ飡
һ˾ʵڲоɳҲԲܰװױ
һҲмͭʳڶӣүҲһֱ˼ҵҩѰɡ
Լôˣȵˣ⣬ȡԶԶģǾһȺѪ
ϵѪһɶûüֵ֮֮ġ
ҹĻ٣㱾ȴּΨһһ򶼲֪˶ʵҲҲңԼͻδѵҲºʲôģ
һ˿ڴߣǻԲѵĵֻǳĺҹ֮Ҳƣ
ǸоһҹҲûϢھʮָɬԭǰһֱҹ۾е㲻ˣ
Ҳ˯ȥٳʲôܼʱΣɴԼ۱һ׶۸оԼ۾˺ܶࡣ
һȴ˽۵ϲͱæţǲǽܻˣ
㿴һСӰǽܻģǸүһ
㣬ϲүֳ㱼
ϲôúүүҴţôܻˡ
Ͻ§סӣʵҲûӵ˼ֻǾԼ޷չ˺ǣүһȽϺһЩѣ
.

һپʮ£ȥ

ӶʮֹɣҲǻ鷳үԲŷǸүߵġ
ϲ㻳ѣںڵ۾ףˣҲˣһչ϶ۻģϲһչ˵
ҲŵӺôԼһأ
ǷҪŹôȰҲԾʹǻˡµĺӣүЩۣĺӣĸ쿪Ŀֵġ
ӵСԴ˵رɣһи˵˶Ͳ鷳үˣ֪ҲǺæģ
үҲεҡҡͷɲǣĴ˶⿴ø£ƽʱûʲôˣǸæʱææʱرࡣ
ӽݣүҲ󣬼ģʵôҲڵɣ
֪ˣҲû򡣡ʵ˵ү˵ˣȻûżôСӵġ
ӺһƬǽǼŮĶѶģ˼ӵģΰȫŪˣҲǶǺ£
ʱ˸ҲһܸһЩ
ү˳ֽϣԼҩ˳ҲϣϱҸҩûЩȺ
ҩһ£Ҽһиȵסˣҵûȥ̶һǸȡ
У鷳үˣȻȥæɣʶүҲǱȽ۵ģƽ˼ʱϨ˯ˣڸβ
òǸҽݣ˻סβ
ɣҾͲȥˣ
үҲºڣԼôߣһȴ˵Ķаûеο·һȥ·ϡиĿİľͲˡ
İɣͷ·壬Ҽҵ·Լ֪˶ٴˣϤĺܣõʲôģ
˵үʹߣһĹ߳һξ룬ȥŷֽͦģү·Ҳ΢һЩˡ
ϲг𣿡ӣȻҩҩţ
.

һپʮ£ѩ̿

үķ飬ҪǻûýԵˡ
ſҲϲصǶԹˣүүæ˸ԣ׳𣿡
ϲ֪ԼѾûһ׵飬Ҳ˵ֻ˵ûأæչǵˡ
׿ЩԵ㶫ȥɣϲչأ
Ҳûʲô£˿鷬³תãһ鷬ʵѾԲˡ
㲻Ҷԣʣϲ԰ɣҲ뿪̫ԶůɽӦҵЩҰ˳ԣ
ոճһЩڿʣɴȥЩˮҲûʲô˼ȥȵģСƼиԺ
һϳǻôʲô
Ҳ֪Ƕ˼ˣôҲҪȥһµġ
￴֣ѹ˵ϱţҸˣ
ȵ߽˲ſлһ򣬻һӣЩ⣬ô֪Լû˵ģ
֪ƵģͬвŽ͵Ҹոտүһߣһôø
ү˵ˣûˣҹһҹڣǿµ·ٿĵˡ
ллɩˡллǷĵ˵Դ±¶֮˶ص׬ǮԼ͵Ÿɣ
Ҳ߼ˣԼˣүҲû˹ʺһ£ǻﻹܹ֧
ƽʱⶼС£ʱѩ̿һٶȻͺ֣ȴû׶ƣ
ʱѩ̿ҲȻ
һˣлʲôôҼ̫ãʱŸ˻Ҳûȥ
ﻹѯҲûҪȥ˼
˵ĺأڻûѹأ緢գòײȣʵҲ̫ǿҹ취ˣҲǹˡ
.

һپʮ£ɫ

˶챻ˣ°ΪˣΪֹ˿뱻ճһֱûиʲôߵĶ
ҾͲȥˣõʲôѿԺ˵һ£ܰĿ϶һ£
Լؿ֤һЦлɩӺˣʵʲôҪæɡ
Щ벻ףʯĥʱôŮ˾ȻҺ๫ײҲǸɽ
ʱϣ㿴ĳʮֵĲ⣬ȴѹҲɴ˿ɼŮҲǸѵġ
ҲƱϹãܲ鷳˼ҾͲ鷳ʡĵʱǸ๫иʲô˼ӷìܣ
ûҾȻˣҲ̫ģôã϶ͦġ
Եİο˼ңݣžͽˣ
ĴǰһҲģʵףҪ˯òŻѰ
㿴ôصˣʵ˯ҲͦãǸоʹģ˯ɣȵ˺ЩǵѾͲرˣ
֪ҲѲˣɴ໻˸˵Сһ顣
ȻһͲٶˣֻСͻȻģ֣˵̺͹ù̫ˣֹҪףȱҲҪǳһ²˴ĸо
꣬⻰ɲ˵Ҫȥ㶨Ȼᰤģ
ҲˣͻŲТԸǡطТĿıʲôأǳТӡ
ҪǼеǹԸ˵׻ӵⰡ
˵öԣǻ򲻹ǣǳٺЩˣʱҲ򲻶ǡ
ϲֻȱôһ㣬ǱֵĵǱȽϴϻ侲һ˼ǹСˣЩ嶯ˣкӡ
Щ嶯Ҳģ
ʱ㻹ûӾЩ֮Ѿȫģǿһ֪ҪԺٶԸһӣɵ۸ˡ
ˣ쳤ͺúóԷ˯ҲˣСҲʰˣЩȥ˯ɣ
.

һپʮ£ǵ

Լ˵˵ǺһЩɫ˯Ǵ¡
ϲԥԥ̫Ըȥ˯֪ǵĸף
ǵŵģõģ˵ûͻûµģϲŲײɣ״Ӧǵʲôʱû
ȰӴԼ뵽ŵǵδʳԣŷĵ굽С˯
ȵǶ˯ˣȻҲȽƽȣڵʲôʱѹҲ˵
͵ÿԼˣܺõĿһЩͻѹĻ͵ˣҹЩ㽫ϰס
°û취ˣүҩҲѾˣԼȺһڣүѾǰҩ˵
֪ץҩЧǱȽϰԵģںԾĽҩһЩ
һһҩշҩ׼ϢһȴԺкϸ΢죡
ΪԼ˵ʱһԣˣǱŰСʯͷ
ô˻£
㲻ɵɻҲСʯͷԼϣűֱ˳ȥ΢¹⣬㿴վŸˣ
ое죬һ̱ŲǸֶôϵʲô£
һǸ鷳رǻݹϵʮҲҪԼתҪϷš
ȥЩˣҲûı㳯ӹȥһСʯӣǿʯĲӲֻһĲ
ʱҪ˿ͰѪͷˡ
ŰлҪ˵Ϊ˵ûˣʲôܲ˰ҪֱӺ
ʶһ۸ڣӦûû˷֣ҵ̫໹᲻£˷ֵĻֺ鷳
һ˵˹ȥʲôҪҶ˵ǵˣô˼𣿡
ŭ㣬಻ûЩɵɫ
.

һپʮ£㲻

ҲԼģˣζĿ˵˵ҹù͵͵⣬Ļͦã
޹أѹԼеĲˬıʮĮ
֪಻ɶöǰǸ˹ģװģǰɵĲס
ô䵭ǰҿɲģ˵ҹùǴҲˣѾչزˣ㻹Ҫ𣿡
Ц㣬Цôôе㲻⣬ôҲǶʥģôڸƦåһ
޹أô£û¸ϽߣⰭۡ˻ǸѵҪôܴ򷢵أ
ͷۣԺûһ˵ļ䣬òԭĸƦåйʲôɣҪ
Ҫߣֱקס½ǣа棺˭˵ûµģûҾͲˣ˵ڿ׬˺öӵġ
·ü˵㿴ϵӲˣҪҪһã
Һʲôϵ㲻Ҳ˵ҵӶùҿ޷ģԷ⣬ҪҪȥûУҺҲ졣
ԼûгûԼ취׬ȥҼȲҲûпܹӸãϴǰʧ
Լ½Ǵж˹ԭΪӣò׬ӣô˵š
ȻֶӣһУԼʲôϵҲͺһˣƫʲôǲ
˵һͨȻ֣ԸԼʱ䲻ʲôô
㻹˵
ûУҲš¶˾ģ첻õôǲȥģǰСˣ
ֲʶ˾Ȼܸϵĵ˲ŵһֻũĹﾹȻģ˶һġ
൹Ǻʱ㵽׾ʲôĺգΪʲôǰӹ࣬ȴó׬أ
ŲţûӣҼҶù÷˸׳죬һͭ嶼ûУҪҲû취ô˵ɡ
.

һپʮ£ʹ

㱶ۣԸִתߣؼʱ˿ڣУûӾûӣɣûñĶҲУ
ŶҪҼҵӻҪӣñĶӣ㿴ʲôöûӣûö
ʮֵû˵ʲôܸ࣬Ҳûʲôܸġ
ǵϣԼЩʱַɲͺֵǮҲô̰ģֻҪôĸҾͳˣ֮¾һʹ
ٴθ̾һӣǵĶһģһģҲЩͷۣӦһҲҪɳôء
ϻֵͦģǺҪĶҿɲ˵͸ʱ俼һ£𸴣
ɰƵ󣬼ȻҪסɳǾҪܵȡһЩ棬һ
˭ļ۸˭°ӵɳܻ䵽С
һӣ㲻ָǹֶΪ˶ɳڷĿΪ𣬷пͬĶԸԼ
ΪʲôҪȵھͿ˵˻ҰʲôװھͰϵ¸ңȻһż֮˵׼ɳʲô
֮⣬ʮַУĿⶸȻķǳ˵󣬰ȲȣбԸ˵ʲô˵
ǲǣܴϵԶǣҳ˵ʲô£ҿ㻹ʲôС̣ӡ
ϻɲèˣһƦåҲ۸ͷϣҪĳ룬һʱ֮Ҳô
ӣȷԼǰѶɳҲݣһ֪Լʲôѱ
һֱѹţνһжೢպ϶ӵı䱾µҸ취
ааɣҾ͵죬ʲôˣټ
ཫеСʯͷȫӵ£ֱҡڵ뿪ˡ
ƣ߻УȻԼʹ̫Ѩ
.

һپʮ£ⲻ

һ͹ͷ۵ˣ࣬վһӣô붼ò̫ӦԼҲòĺô
ѹѣ㻹ſڴ׼˯һþЩɣϢʱҪϢܽκ£һ׵ģ
£ζôӦЩ⣬ʱ֪ĸ
Ҳ緹ʱͱһѣһڴϻ˯Ҳûѡ
Ǹڲ֪ʲô£һȺ˳µϵĴĶ
΢һԼͷڿһۣʱǻԺԼˣЩûġ
ĺЩΧ⿴֣һǽʲôס˿ģ
ȺĿģ㳯ȥ׼һ·ʲô¡
˼ĽζҲûע⵽Ҳˣ˻һע⵽վԼߡ
ԶȺſʵɩӣô°һô˶Ժ
һֲ´ģ㻹֪ذɣҼŸСŵȥ⣬Щ˾ĵˣ
˵ǵĳԵûþͿʼӣ϶ŶĲɾҪˣʵҪӸҩѡ
ԭˣҪѪ޹ˡҲԼһڶֻǿЩӵˣ
һȥܿü˶ɫʹŶӣʮܵġ
ôˣҪôӦǣ
ʱӦϵŮƹܵңҽ˼Щ˵ĻؼҳԵҲġ
ǵľĸŮֶҲǸŮƹ񻹴Ҫ֮ǰԼĵǮ
ϣԩ˰ǵĵڶǸϱģȥ׬ӻûȣĶôĸԸٽȥ
ʱ汳ֻ˵ŮƹԼ˾ǲֹֻҪӣ
һҪĵӣһʮģҪҩѣǵӣҵⲻ
.

һپʮ£Ҳϣ

һưƵɷһ߲ͱŵˣɶﲻֻô˾
Ůƹ˵ģҲû˺ɫҿɲʶʲôϱҾֻ֪ǴģϽģӸ˼ңҵҲҪǮҲң
֪Լ᲻ǰЩˣɴһһļƣòôӣ׬Ӳ඼˶Խˡ
ˡ
ڳȫ̬ȸˣĶôˡ
ﲻǱҲûҪصֻҲһƨڵϣˣ
Ҳ׼ɣ⳥ǵͭǾͲˣʲôʱʲôʱߡ
ԶԶԣǳסˣô죬ʶȤĸϽ취ﹻӻǣ
һǻŶӵģһܣ˰ȥҵԵĵӣ
һλ廹ҪˣԼŶӾܣ˴ͷЩӣ궼ܽȥʳԡ
ʱѾ״ˣˣҲûа취Ҫ׬ٶȥҲ˰
ԼûдִŵЩҲǻģʳǵŮƹֱԶʮǮһģҪۻ߳ͭ塣
ΪԼʳĳ⣬ǸŮƹҲ˳µİﱳ¿ǿҪˣ
ǶʮȢϱģطձ鶼ʣˣƳʱ˲õ뷨
ֻһõ˴յԼǰ¶һڲƤЦҿǸŮǳˮ飬ɣҲҪʲôҩѵǮˣֻҪŮ޸ңǾһˣҾͲƽôˡ
ﲻŵĵɴ۾Ӧ˵Ŀĺ̾һڿˮµϣ
ҲǸɫĶѿſڱֳ󡣬绨Ů⸱һ۾µĳģҲϣ
ǹҲǸƢõģ˰ԼϵĿˮҲʼ֣ڿǷӵģҪõĳӾͰѸոյĻջ㵹ǸҰ
һʱֵ֮ĲɿԶĶˡ
ԺĻ洫Ļ㣺ⱨӦˣǰŰҵĶ˸һɶˣ
.

ڶ£Ͼʹ

ҲСֹǰĲصȻǴˣûҪѹļء
أû˼ȥˣҲ֪˭ȥ˴峤Ҫﴦ£뿴峤ΰǣԾٶ࿴һ
峤Ͼʹˣһ˶Ժһʱ֮ǼȥģֻüĴгٰǸŮƹ
˳峤Ͳܹȥס˼ҵĴˣ峤ɵðҰҶҪԩˣȺûӣ
죬˵ɡ峤һۣƺԼô鷳
Ůƹ˵Ĵӵ´˳ò˵Ůź죬Ȼܽô˺Ƶվһߡ
峤һʱǿһȺˣСڶ࣬ԼӲĿ϶Ҳֲʲôôܾˣ
ôֻһˣ峤ǰŮƹЦЦλ㴺ƹɣǱĴ峤ϱҲѾ֪ˡ
ܲú̸̸¾ôһȺҲǰ취ǰɣأ
νֲЦˣƹǸ˴峤ֱģг˲ɾĵ˵ʲôҪ޷Ǿϣõ⳥һǱĻͭҪϣλܳеһЩҩѣ
峤ǻôˣһӾͷӦЩ˶Ǳǰƹ˵ġ
ƹ˵ƹ񰡣е㲻ˣЩ˵ĵӿɶأôҪϱ㻹ˣ
Ҫӻ㣬⳥˵ҩѣĵͭ屾㻹ģͷû˵ɣ
ƹɫʱЩѿΪ˶ûʲôӣʮֺúƵģû뵽иϺ
˴峤Ļ侲ŷӦǱһŮƵתʱҶһߵ״̬
һʱ֮ҲûӦԾҪǴ峤ôһ˵˿ɾͶҪֱӺƹȥˣ
԰ĵͭ嶼ˣ˵ӻǵġ
ô˵ֻҪһ˸ҩѾ͹ˣǾ˺ƹ˽ˣ
.

ڶһ£Ժ

߸ϽѸûĸýӶǣӦõǾߣԲ¡
ƹȺû˺վһˣԼҲЩ飬µȻԼѵ¸˴ó˺·ץͷˣ
аɣϸûǵǮһͭҲ٣ֻûдŶӣԺǺ˵˾͸ȥһˣĶ塣
ƹԼǷЩ˵ӣֻҪû壬˾ҲЩΪûõֵӻԼ
ôϵӣҲûʲôתͷ׷ֳҪҩѣһ˰ʮԼϡ
´峤˵ݰѼû˼һЩɣĻǷţԺ
תͷרǣһʵòôˣֻȻ˵㣬ܹܻǵġ
˵ƾÿ־ݣȻǩֻѺҪԺҵǿɾȥүǸˣ
ԣ־ݣȻҪôġ
Ȼϵ˲ûôӦֱ־ݵҪһ˵Ҫ㿴ЩˣԭǸŮ˻ȥٰ
峤һЩµӲŷʵҪ־ݣԺӻǣȥ٣Լѡɡ
־ݣ־ݻɥһ⻹һμ˴ͷɥģӡÿһζһǿƣʢ˵ӣ
һĻʮֹ񫣬İǳˣ׬ӶûҪ˼ңҪǮ
Լ߻ó컨ʣµ˳׼ָЩˣʱƹǵһδ˳
µȸҵģ˻ؼҲôչǵĵǮǣҲûˣ㴺ΪЩ̸׬ˣ
ƹ˵⻰Ҳÿģֲ˭Ҷȥ㴺ģЩһ˼Ҳͼ˵İ浱ɵˣ
վ˵Ĳԣƹֻ£аˣҪҪӣҪ
ϵǵӷ˷ֶһ˵ҩѣõӵҲˣûõıҪ־ݣ
峤Լıīֽдһһŵ־ݷַЩûõӵˣһǩֻѺȥ
.

ڶ£û

һ־ݰԼǰʱıЩΣЩѿ˵ǸҲдְ
⵹ҵˣɣҴдֽϣ㻭Ѻˣ
峤ͺѺɰŵǰȻһִʾҪǩ֡
ۿžҪʣͻȻ󺰵һ£
ôˣ峤ŤͷϵЩ֮ɫ
ﵹҲںԼǷǴ峤ˣת²Żص־ǩİɣҪдɷģ
⡭ôδЩ˰ɣԼµĴȴҪе
һ۱㿴ͼ࿴ۣŮ˵Ҳͦ
ǱȽϴϻۣǾϼ޻ǩ֣ʱЩҪӣͿ˳µİծ
òŵǸ峤ȻҪ˵дҲǷǵ
д֣ȻȺվֹ峤˵ɶǩ֣ȻԺӾû취ˡ
ϱ㲻úչɷܵʲô峤⻰ʵû㵱˿
ȻвãҲϱֳ峤е㲻԰ɣҪ־ǩҲͬһ£ΪôͲأ
˵⻰ʱǱȽίģҲû˿ûаأ̯˵͸ˡ
ǻԲѵôһˣǩ˭Ĳһ峤Ϊ֡
ֻſε飬峤ȻҲ֪ʵ뷨ֻѡĮӣǩҲ֣Լ޹أ
ǣ˼Ҷ˵ծӳҲһģ㲻Ҫ֣ʵؼҴȥ
ݺݵ˵ĪЦˣʱ˰ӣ߼ģ
ǰʳİ˻δҪ鷳Լģ䵱һĸ𣿡
ЦЩң˸е棬¹ӵĴ£ܿʵզ£ĸǩԼְɣ˵һû
.

ڶ£

Ҳˣ˵˵ʲôд֣Ȼ˵ǸծӳģҪǩǩǵ֣
ǲТҽӻһѡľٶҲǸӲôҪ¡
ԴͲǸӣѰ˼Լǻﶼ
㶼ĸ׻̸ʲôТТ˳ǣܶǰûܻڣǾ죬Ƿһˡ
պĪҪչߣǿԵҪĶ飡
һһĸ˵ԼúЦһ㶼ûӣа鶼ڰ
˵ͷͷǵ֪˴Ҳ֪һЩ̬ȺǿӲĲ峤д֣
ǻ˵ʲôȴЩûҪӵ˸вˣʱʲôٽ־ϻǩ֡
ѺĳǱǿקȥģӶˣۼ鶼ҪŸҴ󴵴磡
ҲûүҩҲվкؼҡ
صУүԺûߣҲŵ㣬㿴ڳʲôˣ峤ˣ
ǲЩģֻǺҪ־ǩ֣ôأҲվ˳ȥ˵˼䡣
дĻ֣ҪЩ˵ǿҪ󣬿ס峤Լģ
Ҳ֪ô˵ˣڻû͵ˡ
үҲε̾˿֪˶Դ統ֱԼģϧҲûʲô֪
ѡɵĲٶ˵Ȼҩţүϲ֣үү緹Щ˰ɡ
ԼȥϴϴϵȻµܸɾүĲ˵ڶԴûʲô޵ģ
˵رãܹҲǲģүǲòĺˣôҲǵĸ
.

ڶ£ɽϺΣ

ϲʲôģʹ緹ԵľͨķҲһݸԼףʼˣſϳԡ
үǳ緹ģԶʱүȥ˳鿴˿ڣóԼҩ˿ϣ
˿ܴһСƿҪò˼أϾƿֹѪɢƿ˿ϵģоͲСƿˡ
㻹ǿ˵鷳үˣûЩҩľͳŲ
лĻͲҪ˵ˣҲÿ춼û˺˵ллԺúõľС
үͷҲû̧ϸΪҩҩۻϻḲס˿ڣ
˵㿴Ҳһˣ·ͻȻүһ㸾˶ǻʧģֵľͱȽ򶨡
Ҳ֪ҪչͻȻү;еϧҪǸ˾ͺˣڷܺѧӣúý̵ѾҽһܳϧŮˣעҪڼӵģ
үո̾˹˵˵ҪΣֻüҴҵĸϻȥҩ㸺ȥ
ιҩ߳ԺȥɽϿǼЩ̫ģӲ֪ܲܿ
ܲһֱɣʲôԵĶûУүķҲһӳԹˣȥҲǰ취
ϲеĹǣصңҲǳûһʳ˵ģԶҲţүķ
ǣ֣ʵʲôڳʳ𣿡
ϲͷǿЦЦûɶ⣬ⶼѲ׵ģֻǽһʱǵҪһЩˡ
ϲ£ô׽ҪʲôأϲССӲ㻳в˲䣬۵Ǽᶨη
ⲻůˣѰ˼ɽûʲôطЩҰ˻ԣܳүүҵʳҲеǲǣ
ϲͬĵ˵СԴ˵ĶԣϲȻȥɽϿڼҿŵ֪ĶҵҰŶ
УɽϺΣյģ·߲˵߳ô٣һʲôô죬Ҳûбʲô״Ҫϲ͵ܵһڼҿɣ
.

ڶ£Ȳܶ

û뵽ϲȻԼȥɽҰˣɸһůɽҲûԾˣ㲻ϲðȥɽҵҰˡ
׷İɣϲֲǵһɽˣһЩС·ϵõģԲʲô¡
ϲĵĸ㱣֤ʼղܷһôСĺӶɽúðοϲڼš
ȴһԶԶ
ϱҲҪȥɽһˣҪǷĵĻϲȥɣұ֤ʲô¡
̧ͷһԭǻ˹лŸСӣҲȥɽҵʲôܳԵĻ
ɩӰʵǴԼȥģַĲ㳯Цһ£ЦݿЩɬ֮⣬ֻԼ֪
ﵹԵúڵĴǣϲ˵ڼɣȽҪһ㣬ϲؾ͸ȥɽժҰˣҲҪȥչԷĵģ
ʱҲ̽СԴԲ۾ĿŻĸҲһȥ𣿱Ҳܸæġ
ðǾһɣЦЦ㿴ͻȻûһ⣬Ǹ˵Ůӡ
⻢ﵹǸģԼӾɽȥˣݼһֱԲѵģԽƽȣ
Ҳʱʱ̿߰粻ģΨһСȶˣ취ѵװ˻ȥҲеˤˡ
֮лĶ㶼취޲һ£ȻȥЩˮţһ˻ãҲˮͲˣҪӵļ
֮ǰʱļθȽϲҪüĻǲˣҲٵȼӲơ
һæֱæ磬ҲˣԼϰ߸Щֻˣ
ݲ鿴ɫôһЩˣûô԰Ѫɫˣȣֱһ
ȿɲܶţ˼·ˣʱ㿴ĽţòƲЬӣŵװ϶мˣ
һÿؼҶϴϴţҲûʲôζû˸ɴŵ׵ļѨλЩ䣬ҲȽϺá
.

ڶ£ſ

һѨλ˫ֶĽˣˣ·ͬĽѾҲһͬסˣ
ֻܸǵһ㣬Ͼ˴˿ҲʼˣҪеĻϾ͸ϱӡ
һֱҲǰ취㻹¸˱ӣᷢ
𣿡
ľˮȴ ߳ȥһǸͲ󣬵ͱȽ׳˶Сӡ
߳СЩЦЦȻ󲻺˼ͷǹӰɣɩãʹڲڼҰ
λʲôڼأǰ˺صˡ
ҲСЦЦųĸ߸ߴû뵽ô󣬱ǹﻹҪ׺ߡ
һ˵ˣСЦ⣺ʲôˣ˵ôûȥʳɻأƹ񻹾֣ҹ
ԭǸһɻˣ˵ʳ˸ɻûԼ˵ء
鷳ȥ˸˼ƹ˵ûһǲܻȥɻ˵ģΪ˵ʵеأˣҪһǰ˵ڻԲأ
˼ҴԶһˣСӽʵЩ˵ȥԷˡ
С̧žߣһ߻һ˵ҿɵÿ磬զôص˰򿴹𣿲ȥϰɣ
ӻΪеżأݣرŶûأΪľǱӣñ˿˵ġ
Сӿڴϵʱʱһɩӣʲôܽҹ˳ӣôǿ׳񣬾ĸһҲδػԿ
ǰһĻԪеʮ𾪵ģɴδһܿӣĲҲеڴϲʡµʱ
Ҳ˵ֻ̫࣬˵Ϊҷ˵ҵģҰѳͷˣ
ԪĴָҹȻǸˣʲôأ˿ŽˣҪ˰ɣ
ѵĻ˵ֻҪŧûʲôˣǶ졭죬Ƶ
˵ʱԪһֱĶԼΪԼˣ
.

ڶ£˲

ǹɣƹ񻹵һȥأɩҲѹҹ϶ġ
Ԫοһ䣬ȻҪߣʲôҪżȥ졣
㽫ͳԼҼţ첻Сӣ֪һֱʳɻأǿʲôĴֻۻɣ
˵ܳԿడ㲻֪ΪȴͻȻЩҲʱһ㣬֮ǰԵ٣ɶøɡ
Ⱥֺеļһһζ˳Ӹǹ߳ë
һɻԪ׼ؼȴүŸõҩ
Ͻȥһ˼ңȵǰүһѽҩӷŵС
ҩҾͲؼҿˣﻹһµأչ˺пյĻٹ
үһ±Ҫߣں溰үҪʵæĻͰҩãûؼԼҩҲС
ʡһ쵽ˣ鹦򻹲˵үҲ۲ǣ
УͷҸץùȥؼҰɡүҲ֪ԼʵæѰҩ½Ҳá
ҩӻؼңιӵҪһЩүæҩʱЩҩ˳Ҳǰôһ㣡
ǵţĶӿʼˣүżҲûʲôʳϣϲܲɵܳԵĶɡ
˵ȥɽҲһʱˣôڻûòʲô°ɣ
ù˵ͷӣ㻹ǱȽϵĵġ
ûһԺ㴫ϲһȻŽȫȫĴɽϹԼǻߵļﻹڴأ
㿴ϲС¨ﶼҰˣϽǰȥ¨һҾЩ⺢һ·ɽ϶ۻˡ
Ҳһ˷֮ɫָϲӵС¨Цϱ㿴ӶôҰ˻ؿеĳˣ
ô˵ɲɵﵹûҰˣ϶ԼķָӣŮĴӰԼҪɽҰˡ
󻹴СӣԼҰ˷ָҪ֪˲٣ôųأȻðԼҰ˷ָˣ
.

ڶ£ԽԽ

㲻֪ôлˣһллö޷л⣬Ժ϶Ů˲С
үطоһ˿ů⣬ѵƶ֮ػЩĻůˣ
֮ǰſɶĸһСŮΪ˿ڳԵܵߵڰЩ£ɽ˼˾ġ
ĳϵĸм֮ɫȴֻЦЦ·ֻһС£Թϣ
۳ŶҪ緹ˣϽɣҾȻؼˡ
Ҳʮƣˣֵ·ҪȴôҲݲЩԼˣ
ʵۻˣƻصҾ͵һ̱ڴһ뻢ﻹͦ˵ģ⸱ӡ
Ҳע⵽ЩԾ˵ֻģ˷ֵģ
ͻȻҲǸĸһСС;һԲˣĪŴԵķ֢ҪɾеѸŶ
ȥЩ뷨㽫Ұϴɾ򵥵İ˼Ұζôúȣһרζ
Ķô࣬û˵һ˺һ¶ǣθе㶫ڶˡ
գ۱һȥҰ˿ɳоҲûôѰˣʱүѸץļҩ˹
ү֮ҩŵҩζӳƮ˳ȥԶŵõ
һҩҪʱЩ㰾ýѾ˯ˣӣǻСȥ˯
ΪðõҩԶ봵˴¶ҪιҩѾЩϰΪĲˣ
ֻǽպһҩɵеʱͻȻоһ¡
±˷ֵСһ룬ǱһҩǺˣȻ˫ۡ
һۿıԼߵ㣬Ͼҵʹϯĸй٣ԽԽҪǣ˴ܣ
״ϽȥסҪҶôҩò׽˿ڣɲŪĿˣſȻҲʹһӵۡ
ΪҵʹʶԼܵĳͷЩֵԶְӣ
.

ڶ£ζǧ

ڲԼҶϵʹҲûмٶ٣ҶҲ˿
ˣ˯ˣɲҪҶ˰ҩˣ
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뵽͵͵ƳһһոѹʱӦûԼʲôʽιҩİɣòҪ֪ȻܾеΡ
үҩʹЧŻ꣬ϣܼһЩʹ࣡
ĺҩɤӺܸɺʹʱҲ˵Ǽҩ࣬ȴһЩá
ȻҲ뵽㣬ȥ˵ˮȵˮɣˮδɤӿ϶ܲģ
չСˮʱҲǺȣǿĶͷð˺飬Ӧ۵ðˡ
ոոȵҩʹЧһҩЧӾûôˣһ̰ɣЩƺİһЩ
˺һƺҩЧֵûôѰˣڵһ仰ʵû°ɣǡûôɣ
˯ôû˵ɤʮ˻ƣž͸оʱһۣǳڶԼĹҲҪһ䡣
е㲻ζԼǰ¶ҲرãûȻԼ
ζǧصû£Ͱһƣ㣬ǰ㲻ܶġ
ŵϿȥɼİӡѾ׵ʧȻҲǷģ
Լܷܻ֮ٱ˸۸ȥͼţ仰֮˯˹ȥҲȥ˯
ֻҪѹ˾ûˣ̫ҪϢģ
ȫ˯ˣҲϨſڴ׼˯ˣʵ̫ˣʲôҲԸȥ룬͸ôһˡ
˯˸þһ˯ø˯ûѣҲ뾪û˯ѵĺӣԼһŵĳȥˮϴ
һͷ׼ȰҩϣҲ֪ҪʲôʱѣȻ˳ְҰԡ
һҩζɢȥԶҲûϣҩζģ
.

ڶһʮ£ĺ⣿

Ķ֪նŰõҩӳƳվԺ߶лŸľ裬Ҳ֪ǿ˶á
ݺݵĵ˼һۣ۾ﶼԹɫ⻹Ǵϣϣôһ飬㻹ΪԼǼء
ǶвĵطҲ˵ʲôйһľˮһãתˣ
ҲûϣԼǴҩҩζǺ˼ˣ˦ӿء
ӶҪҩҲǸðͰôأ
ûҪѵӱȺȵҰϵҰúȣȴµʲôҲ˵
ԹԺ˻ʰˣչˣûע⵽ӵѶѾˣرǰѼҵʱ
аƵڵϣӻ·Լϴһ¡
۳ϵҩҪ͸ˣҲҪļֻø׼£
ʱļȻιҩӽҩ֭͡
Ҳ֪ˣҩ̫ɬˣȻۣӸˣ
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СһڽеҩȸһβʣΪǲǿڿˣô࣬Ȼˮһ
ҪҪȵˮʣΪƺʮֿڿʣȵˮҲá
ҡҡͷȻ۾ʶûѣȻȣ㽫ҩŻϣ
ϲԼ˹һȫܵ߿³Ƶģ˭Ҳûȿڽ
ʶһЩʵϲûйԹ׵Ļû鷳ɣ
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̲ס䣬ʱ治֪ô졣
ģ֪ʵ˼ͷɻ󲻽Ŀ㡣
Ȥζ󷢣۸һ֪ôģԵ޺׽Ūһ˵⻹еС̬ġ
.

ڶһʮһ£ȥ

˵Ҳĵ˼ϰ˵һЩĻǴģ
Χ߹ϻ۲ۣѴһչָӣ¶΢Цƽ͵˵û£ˣͻõġ
ʮֳûµӣȴҲһǿֻǵ˵ᣡ
ûвӵͷЦŵ˵˵ȥ·ϴȥ
Ҫ˵ϲ龫֣۾תת˿Լҵ飬Сס½ǣףϲȥϴѰɣ￴ŵ
ôԡܱôԴӣǻǼĺӣôСôϴѣܲϴɾһء
СϲС·ΪµģȽСģ·ҲĲУѾͿԣҲʲôʱ
ϲȴԸ⣬ĥӲݵ˵̫ˣҪչ˵ҪҺ͵ܵܣ·ϲȥϴɣòõ
ҳԼ˼С۾Ҳû̫࣬òżĺ֪е뷨ڰԼס㡣
һŮһ㣬ԥһŮ
ȻϲҪҪϴǾȥɣһԲѵ⼸ʲô¶Ҫ㴦϶ҲۻˣЪһЪɡ
Ŀһֱϣϲֱϵ·ȻԼ֣ܵһȥԺϴѡ
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һűԼʵһ˯⼸ûٷɣǾǵӺʳأ
ûʳ˵Ը߼ĵ꣬ΪĵĲɾºܶ˳ӡ
Ҳǰһ˼ҾҪ⳥ˣĸײҪƹӣҪ˵ҩѣû׬ٲ˵ȥ٣
̶죬鶼ǲСģһֻûӣֻҪھͺã취׬ġ
Щ췢ҲǳĬһ׷ʣȻأѸø˼ҵ⳥𣿡
.

ڶһʮ£ֱס

˼ٲֵˣĻǷţ־ݵԺϵǲĲҲֻóԼ׬Щӡ
ﻹУɣ־ݵʱˣۣҪ峤Ѹд־ϵֻģ˵ЩծӳĻǱˣ
̸Ѿʰɾɴ߸˵
˵ΪʧΣ϶ǲӲôҸԼҲ㿴Űɣʹ˰ݵġ
ôһʮˣΪﻹǱȽ˽ģͲôʵܳԿˣ
ùôֻ࣬Ҫ鷳ǣͷϾУ˵ҲûʲôͻȻ˯죬ѹһڷҲûء
뵽ӻûȵվ˯죬ڶӿ϶˰ɣȥԵİɣ
һ뵽棬ǳҰҲǷӣӳûϵոʧѪ࣬϶ҪԵӪĲУ
һ˵Щˣ˵ҪԼ󷹳ԵʱͷҲû˵ʲô
һȺҰ˵ǰʱһ£⸱͵ʳˣҲûӣֻʱˡ
û£ǰҲǳģֻǿˡ˾͸˺úøɻʱǾͲٳҰˣ
ѹڰο䣬µദ֮Ҳտʼ˵ϼ仰ˡ
ȻС㣬һҹ֮صǰ˵ȻܣҲܲǰ취ڱúôһ㣡
İοҲû˵ʲôֻҲܶԷ»Ҫι
ιһһڣȻӺܶҲߴ㶯㣡
ﾲĵģ˭û˵ۿҰһˣͻȻ˵ˣиСӹˣ˵ǸʳһɻˣǶƹûȥԽôˡ
Ԫ˵Ҳ֪˰ɣòҵ¸ɣֱסˡ
ʧ䣬ϵûдͷɥģ
.

ڶһʮ£֮

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ţ˵е仰࣬θڲôãҰһñˣĻǰһ붼ȹˣ
ÿҲš
㣬һһҰɵüͷ¶ٷܳôˣﶼտյģʲôҲûУһӳôܲ˵ģ
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үϤˣ֪Լˣˡ
۱㿴үЦŵǰ˵Ķ˵Сӿ󰡣ѹˣǲõˣ
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Ҳʵʱүʲôֱſڵл
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үŵҲûʲôƾǰţʵϾȻүһĹͣ˼ҹϵĴóص˲ȡ
.

ڶһʮ£ˮ

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үҪǰ˵ʲôҲûүһᣬȥΪүˮܻȵģ
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˵˯òưүﻵˣ¼֮仰ⲻϣ·нĻҪ˵Ҳûдǣ
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үҲ治㽫еˮȸһɶȻ˲ͣһˣЩæˮ˲ϺȾˣǸϱٸҵһȥ
һ¶үûȹͻȻЩЦǽӹֵһ룬ٵݸûôźˡ
үһûһţүһ˵ɶʱ´үڱ˵һ£Ͼ˿Ƚϴ
ҼϵƤˣǽ֮´ҲеۣعƵһֱƤЩѪŻ䡣
үЦ˵ܰ£÷紵ɹˣ
ֻĵ׿ɬһЦĶŵ˰ﻹ޶ҪرڼһڳԵĶûУô
Щǲүģ˶ȻԼʳָԼһЩԼͷүѾܶˣǲǷһ顣
үһ˼ңԹűҶԼ緹ŹҰУ
Ұٳٰɣȥҵ㵱Ǯ¶ɡ
Ұӳ߳ȥʱ򿴵һĿжһӣҡڵԺԣ±˲֪ǳ˰һ
ȷǾǹ԰ڵģҰǳ԰ӣǳͶԺƵ
ôֻ۾ãȴ֣Ҫ˵Ҳ˵Ǹծۣһô԰ӣ
ô࣬㶼û࿴һ۱㾶ֱС
ԵĶϸľʹ˰ݣɤӸԼߵ˵Ӻ㣬ԺԺòã
.

ڶһʮ£˯

аӵ㣬ζԶҲŵɡﻹͦĸŮһһ͵ˣȻûˡ
ֹӶ˹⺰Ļ޸УǲûԹǺóԲܶͬһ뷨
ǰ֮󣬶֪̺͹ùǻˣ۸׺͵ǵİҲóԣǰ׸ҲԵģ˵ǡ
е㲻ζĸ׺δЩˣҰζͲ̫ãǻһֱ£ǡ
˾侮ʯ˸ϳ¶ʼĸŮӡĸֳֻ
ҹĻ٣ıС˯ˣϨſ˴ߣⴲ̫Сˣǻ¼ϵˣֻſڴϢ
ڰУͳĻڣҪ漷˯ɣڴҲ˯⼸춼ſڴϢ𣿡
һûԼŲط˵ʵʵſǱˣûʲô£ôϢһ
ȻһǳںҪԼõض˯Ƕ˵˿ڳʲôӾõˣ
û˵ˣΪ˯ˣǳĺȴô˯š
Ŵһֱͣϸ΢ڻ̲סڣôˣ˯Ű
;Լ⻰˵Ķ࣬ſڴĶ˵˯˯Űɣܲѹ˯ŵġ
㲢Ϊһֱȥ˯žģĬһ̹ϵ˵ҪҪȥҵ㵱ܽ˵ĻɣҲܳҰ˳伢ɣοҲֻǸ
ҵʲô˵ĻǸҲҪʱ˼ҰѳƷ廨
˶ָһͷصȷҪˣԼٶһ²µ·һʲô¾Ͷÿˣ
ҵ³Կֻ࣬ȥϸ˸ɻˣô죿ϾڻãҲʲô¶ɰ
ɲָϲչסԣһ찾ҩȣûʹҩͻúۣ
.

ڶһʮ£ﲻס

ָſѶɳ׬һӣ⼸ҲûʲôĵɲȥˣɳڵҲˡ
֮ھҪˣʵû취Ļֻܼϣ׬һӣʡһЩܶȹǼգ
Ӧϵ˽ɣʵڲȲ¸ɣ̸ܲܺ˵
˺һٶȳҪȸ˵ɣǳҰ˻ܰЩʱգ㲻Ҫôż׬ͭʳԣ
һŮȥϸ˸ɻҲģ˻۸Լ²˴ܻ
ֻЩ뷨ȴ˵ڣĵףֻҪԶ֪
ţյϿ˵ɣ˯ɣʱҲˡҲû룬ֻϣԼڼչ˵仰Ҫ˯
Ҫ˯ˣû뵽ȴ˵һ˯ˣھĺܣ
Ҳ˾ֱͦϿȥȻڰʲôҲ
ΪɶͻȻȴ˵԰ʧѪֻ࣬˯죬Ӧú˯һһҹĶ£о񰡣
ŶҸоѾöˣֻϻе۶ѡǱֵĺܵΪզأֻǾԼôô
ɵĿһҲû˵ʲôſڴ׼˯
ֹ˺һڱﲻסſʵι졭ΪʲôҪܷ
֪û˯û뵽ԼĻ䣬ҲͻصҵޣȻ
仰ĶǻãҲ֪ô˵Լеȷ˵㲨
֮ǰǲϲģһΪƷеԵʣԼƫһǸйϵ
ͻȻǰͦθеģƺҲ֮ǰоô⣬֮ЩøУ֮䲻Ǹտʼˡ
˯㱻仰˯ȫޣټſڴߣൽ˰ҹų˯ȥ
ڶ氾ҩºֱ֮ȥ
㲢Ǻϵ˽˸˲֪ĶߣԽ߽˽ӣеϤԽŨأǰطһ
ϵ˽ӿͱ˵լӲһģ߸ߵǽһɫĴţʱţȥ
.

ڶһʮ£Ͷ

Щ٣ĶʮˣСҲʮ꣬мûп࣬ͨɫĴţ˽ķ羰
ټԺȴûӣ÷εȡֱӹİɣ⻹вٻݣӡ
˽棬Ҳ쳣ϤԼǰһѾŮûӣôȥ˽ֵطأ
Ϥвǻ󣬸еϤ϶ǾҲ·ЩйǸйصҲ˵
ţѾ󣬵㿴ûʲôøеģͬһ磬һֳѧʵĸо
ǸСʮСһģǸ࣬ôһַģզզˡ
㣬ϵЦЩ̣ٳȻ˽Ӻȥ⸱飬㻹ΪԼʲôɸ˵ܣ
ƦåԼزأϹ˿Լһ𣬿ԭ֮ʲôܱ¶̫µͶˡ
ɲˣҲԼ֪ĳЩ鱩¶ȥȻһ۵㣬ôһȷԲҽʲôġ
һֱûʲôܿĵطȥһ˦֣Щŭ˵һܵ˽ʲô
Ȼİ֮ڵˣԼϵɻҪ
Բ֪Ϊյ࣬ǵˣԼ۵ĿЩĮҴЩâ
౻ôзë̬ǿ᣺ϵ䷽Ȼǵýǵˡ
ֻԻȥܵҡ㣬ǲǼʲôˣ
ж̽ȴһ˿η֮ɫƦåʲôأ
㲻֪Ͷˣ
Ȼҵ䷽ƵģֵǮģҾͲˣҸʶȥܻЩء
ǲ֪ĶĵתҪߣطҪģոջһסȥ·
.

ڶһʮ£û˵Ҫ

ҿû˵ҲҪطҲˣطԸ˰ɣ˵һŻ˽ӣ˷Ҫҵģ
ôװ׸㣿¾ûôõ£طǿԸ㣬ǱĶ
Ȼతôõ㵱ȻԸӡ
һ㻹ҪñĶ಻ˣвĻ漴˳ҿûʲôܸ㻻ط㣬ѱϣͲͱȥ޵ݣ
ܲ߳ƬС֣ߵĳȥ㾡ȥ˵οԼҲԼɣ
˿вҪЮ
˵㵽ûиò׼طָңôҪñĶҸǲܵģʶȤԼط
ԵЩ꣬ҡҡͷΪûӣҲҪطЩӻؼҰҪǳҾұȥˣ㴺ʳǵƹǿ϶ĸԸӵģ
ǰʵڲͰѶɳ߼㴺ƹȥܱȸҪðɡ
ҪûУùԹ԰ط˵ԼԶ֣
̲סЦ˳һ޸֮ôҾˣȻˣɴط㴺ƹˣҲò
ĪҪԼҸߵܶңȻڵģ˭˭
⻰ɲҽģֻҪҶǾͱ̫أҲʵô
ȻûϸһС֮ǲм
ƾ㣿ôһȭܴˣ
ڳԣǾӿеУ䲻磬ͰӹϣҲ
䲻·Ҳϴţ޵ǸҷǴϵģ˵ϻط㽻ҲýҲý
ߵǰɫʮ׶񣬲Ҳ֪ʲôͻȻֱºҲ̶̼ʱѡ
֣ȴֹḡһԼ
ɫĿԼһ񺮣ƫƫʮֲ֪ζ˵С֮ǰ۲ʱӹ󣬶ܺЩŮˡ
.

ڶһʮ£ץŲ

˵¶ܶˣ㲻ǻܼįҪҪ͵͵㣿㿴ж㣬ʱ̶עĶأ
˵һЩԻ໹Ҫһѣȴһץס󣬶ʱоԼ󴦾ʹ̡
Ȼ⻹û꣬Ӧ͵һһĶôһŤͶϵأ
ðһҽгзֱסͣˡ
ɿʱѾ۵ҧгֱðֱʱ֪£Ŀ·ǸŮħͷ
һʧˣ˭֪־ô˵ŤһӾŤˡ
ڵһּȹţ㿴һͻȻ¶Ȼı
ˣԷдõĶ֣Ҹ۶ֲŶԣ㷹ԲɻҪźҰֽٶ֡
˵ǽһƵᣬһģѾ˵ǰһһµѾתܵ飡
㡭ʲôȻҶңҰĳ¶§ȥ𣿡
űԼŵڵؿҪӵЦˣҲʲôԼҵİѱҪЮҵģװҪҵطʵҪ˵һЩõ£Ҳû취ֻԺ˵ˡ
⻰ȻѣȻȷа취˱ɸưͣϸһ಻ὲˣдְҪܾ͵ٶֶʲôֽţ
̫鷳ˣװ׶һסٸԼΪ
һŤ֣ȻˣĿİ˵㡭Ұɣұ֤ԺǰвˣطҲҪˣ
ǰȫ´飺Ǻǰҵʲô˵£ҽ
ǰ¿ɲܹңԼ֪ܵ빴ңڰѱ䵽У˭ǹԼ
෴仰㵹ǲµһЩ飬ԭĺϲаɡ
㻹Ҫ˵䣬˫ֱЩƤ˵˵ҹ㣬֤֤ûоͲҪ˵Сҵٸң
أЩȻҶǵˣܹǹȥ£㲻ץŹȥŶ԰ɡ
.

ڶٶʮ£ֹ

ֱĿ࣬·ֻҪ˵ͳһо֣ôͻȻ֮ôҲ۸ˣ
ȻҪȥٸԼǰԹٸǸطµĺܣһϰնȽϲҽӽǸطȻҷųĻˡ
෢̲סһ£˰ûǸ֨
ˡˣɲԹʲô˵Ҫ˵֤ҲУֻǲŲѣ
֤ǸҪĶֻҪȥϲظñӣֻҪԸ⣬˳ˮ۾ˡ
طʲôҲҪˣԼûӻأֺܷʹȥûãװˣȱסСҪԺ
ҽҲûãأֻϱ˵֣ӻȥҿɲᣬԼҴȥɣֵÿȥӣȻ˵ĻܻëŶ
һ⻰Ķ˼ģվ˵ˣʲôûҪ
ëôдҪһֻֻ֣պûԸ޸ˣ
뵽еǣͷһ㻹վԭλãаģܵĳԼձؽʮ
ĿԶ֮Ƶֵȥһ·Ҳûʲôܸ˸ɵ飬ʵڲоͽɳڵɣ
Ͼ̫˷ģһҲòͭ壬׬ĶҲҪܴһƷԼмＸǸɲġ
¶˾첽㴺ȥֻ·ʳǵʱȴǰľʱͣŲ
ʲôôڴ˴
壬ʲôأǶΧ￴
ץ˸˵Ĵ壬֪֪ʲô
Ǵ˵ҲȽУ˵ǰʳĵĲɾ˳ӵ֪ɣſǶĸŮǵĵģ
ǰ˵ĵĲɾĸŮܵ˼ƹſ˵Ĳɾ˼ƹĴ͵֮ǰˣûӡ
Щƹģȥȴ˶ӣ˵ĵ⣬ĸŮҪƹֹأ˵ǸеЩ˵ҩѣ
.

ڶٶʮһ£ȥ

˴Ļ˼û뵽ѾֵСϵ˶֪ˣ˭µĲɾҲ˵
ƾǸƹϵ˵Ҫӵ¾Ϳ˵ҲǸʡ͵ĵƣڱﷴҧһڣҪôأ
ȤվȺԵĵطţƹɫͨ죬˺ü⣬ȻҰ帾Ƶز
ﻹţһĲɾˣȻһҧĲɾҵжΣűܵҼңҪҳҩѣ
ɤӶˣȴûһ˵ڳĶڿֶѣҪ֪ԵĿƹͷһ㶼ûԸΪ˸Ϥˡ
˵棬絹ֳԼĿ˵ƹڵ͵֮ǰҺɶгԹģ
ʱصҺﶼû£˵ǵﲻɾ±˳˵ĵĲſйֹͲҪӱ˰ɣĵ꿪ȥǼΪ¶ȥˡ
ƹĿĿ磺ƨûһʵҳǲúƱҵǼңҵĴҲϣҲĪе嵽ͷϡ
ҿǷǲⲻ˼ҩѣҵ汳ģǵ˭ɵİ㻨ӱһ۾ܿ˰˵
ƹ⻰û˵ľС̣ԼôӣҪƹһˮӲ۵ͷϡ
ƹ⻰˵ĿɾͲˣָֻ˵ˣֻ˵ﲻɾû˼ҩѣ
⻰Ҳ˵ˣҪ⵼ǵĲɾģ»ƹ㸺⳥˼ҡ
Ȼƹ⳥ˣ統Ȼ˳£¸úһᣬֻҪѵĲɾƵƹϣһҾˡ
ĸŮСƹˣ˵ʱһץס֣ߣǸȥ٣鵽ôعٴУ
һ˵ƹҪԼȥ٣һʱ֮Щˣȥ٣ҪǴȥֻ»Ӱ졣
ҪǱ֪˸٣ĸ˻ҪԼ
.

ڶٶʮ£۸

Ҳ֪ǾԲȥ٣Ҳ᲻оۣ˵͸ƹ
Ůһһֻ֣Ҳ۵ôУ˭ҲûҪֵ˼ƹһҪŮ˼٣
ƫƫﲻȥԲȥһֱţƹ˵߰ʲôб¸ȥ٣ȥйɡ
⣬ϾͺˣûҪҪȥ١
ǲҵⲻ˵ģ˵Ҿ͵óҵĴˣϼǵĸȥعٴˣ
ϣ˵Ůһ̨Ϸƹｫøɫݵ쾡£֪ƹɶǱƳġ
ȷǸŲҵˣ֪ȥع˵Ҫϸع٣ϸһ飬ǿ϶ܽƸƹ
˾һֱôţǿ磬ֻ첲ק໽С
Ҫ˵ҲǹˣģһҲûϣ̥ʮİ۵ֱᣬҲֵ˼
ǲٿȥֳʲôǶ飬ûʲôϵ
㴺ȻûֵˣҲûбĺܲ
Ÿߵſڣ˳ŵƹƼҲ˲ϱĿˣɫϲ˵㲻м첻ɷˣЩ𣿡
ƹôҡɷɷֻһ˵ڣЩһƹΪξ
ƹҲǸҰ帾ҲǰһĸŮԳĸ׺ã˵ˣٸ͵ˣѵ˵Ǽٵǲţ
ԵȷģⲻΪﶼҲˣҩǮûˣҽ㴺ƹ̸ġ
һֱ⣬Ҳϵ̫ʱ䣬ĸϻؼȥ
ȷɫƹĻʵŶ˵˵Ҫ̸ʲôɣǵ˰ɣһҪչ
ģֻһͭҲûУĶûӣҲʲôȦӣƹǸˣǸһĵɵ϶֪ɣ
ƹҲ̹ϵĵͷ֪Ҫ˵ҲɣȻñ˳ԵʳģĻôóԣɹ׻Ӻͼ۸
.

ڶٶʮ£Ķ

ƹĿֻ֮һЦ˵ǵͲ֪ʲôɵİɣ˵ģ
ҼĽҲˣûʲôֵǮĶܻӣΨطֵӣ֪ƹȤ
㵱ƹЦ㣬Ȥӡ
ȣҲðǴˣõطԼֵģʱһ϶ᷭģ
Ļƹ˼ƺ뵽ҪҪ򣬳ʱ˵ʵҺǹϵʮ⣬ͦΪϲġ
֪Ƿ֮Ȱ취ǼеĶӶˣҲǼҷźˣȻҲطҪˣ
ƹͬĵͷ֮ǰǸźСӣҿǵȷɶʡ͵ĵƣһҪʮһĸҡ
ҾܾƺܵǱߵʳǣⲻʳֳϲ˶֪ˣҺõʱûҪǵģȻڳµľ㴺ˣ
ǰӶʵˣƫƫ㻹ûطȥɣҲǳ֮Σˣط㻹ţṩô
⡭ÿ𣿡е㲻ԼոĻƹͦ󰡣·ǵҪطҪԼ㡣
Ϊʲôԣظṩʲôģֻ趯ְҰѵУһһȥȡĵģͶͣ
أ۸Ǿ͵һˣϾ۶ṩǲǣΣ
ƹԼе뷨˵㲻ʲôģȥõҲɼΪƹĵĿС
ȷûʲô飬ҲԼܣʲôˣԴм˵ǾͶлƹˣһʧģ֪ƹ۸棬ٱȽϺأ
ǰɱһҲʮǮʲôǱ˳ԼԼһǮͲˣ
Ĳ²Ҳûдƹ˿ڲˮ˵һǮе٣е࣬Ǿһĸͭô
ɽǾôĶˡЦЦٱȵҪһЩǰƹһ㶼ǵͰѵǮ˵ġ
.

ڶٶʮ£ؼ

УǼסĶҲģû¾ؼң˰Ѷ͹ȥ
ҾȻؼˣڼû˿أлƹˡ˼վҪߣȻҲ㲻ʲôƹǼְͳ˵š
ճű㿴ʳǵƹӲקﲻ֪ҪȥĶ󻹸磬ۿԼ׶Ҫߣ˸һҲ˵ȥ׷
ƹҪȥˣΪԼô׷ȥأһǣϣǾͲˡ
͵͵ؼߴ취ģתͷȴ˼ҵĵǰĿ
˳ͨ죬˳ʱ򣬿㱾һۣȴû࿴Լһ۱תˡ
˶Ҫߵģȥ·ײˣǰͷһ㣬֪;벻ԶĸԼ
Ҳ֪ʲôʲôԹȥ·翴ıӰһӵĻԿƣеıûпס
·һȰƻʯͷͳӹȥԼֱƹץĶͨˣΪԵʣʯͷһҲûӵϡ
ͻһת㷢һ鲻СʯͷԼԶλϣԶһվŵľ磡
ôһı鿴֪ܲ룬Ǳ˴֮Сʱ̾ͺ
Ǳ˹ȥʵʯͷҸʲôôǿ·ӰûУô˻ıɱң
ҽʲôɱ˿Ҫ״εģҿɲ飬㿴ӵʯͷʲôʱʯͷˣĪ
ѼӲǲϣָŸЦ·ϿɾҶˣӵʯͷѵǹӵģҽһʯͷǴĶģ
ܵвķŭˣʳˣҪδЩ̫˰ɣֱû
˵ӵľͲӵģҪʯͷ㣬ɵˣлվǰҳܡ
̸Եʮֱ壬ɲжףǱŭˡ
˵»ϣץָͺ˵ӵʯͷϻմŵǴĶģ˵Ҳ֪ϵ
.

ڶٶʮ£Ұѻ˵

־ܴӶܸϣοձĺ׵
ϵľʹܲˣһֶֻȻ־󣬵ȴȲģϾ˼ǺóԺúȳģ
㱻Ƶ֮˦֣ûоݡ
ֻ㷢ݵĺ˵ñŪңȻҲ㵱һ汳ģǾƣһҲûʲôηģ
еӱ㲻⻰УϾոջԼʯͷҵ˵ʲôˣ仰ìܡ
񾭲ŮˣҲʲô첽ߣԼҲ󱨸֮ܵǱӻ졣
ĬĬ̾˿⵽ǸƷ˰Լһĳӿʯͷ˵񾭲
ˣΪĺ飬ϽؼҰѽĺ¸
һ̬żӵķߣһ·ϵİˣǶĿֿտյ㣬֪ôһ·ϡ
˰ʱǻص˼ңŻû㿴ɺ缱ҴҵĴԺ߳ŵȥȽԶĵط
Ҳܲʣ΢ƣĲ߽ԼԺ澲ĵģûн˵Щ֡
ƿţ㿴Ѿ˯ţ˫۶ŷҲ֪Щʲô㿴
ͦ죬ҵô³ѺӣԺʡ
㳯ЦЦ߹ȥ˵һϢǿԼ㴺ˡ
㴺ģǼڿʲôûеģΪʲô˵ܸ˼ˣ
ȴЦҰѻ˵ꡣ
ͷٴĻģȥ㴺Ǵϵ˼ƹ񻻵Ӽã
Ҫϵ֪ǵԺ˵ԺЩֻľˣƹ˹õģˡ
ôõ£Ǽ۸ϻήͺܶɣϾõ˼͹ۣǾͲרȥЩˣ
.

ڶٶʮ£ܲ

ҲǸɵģ˵Ļʶ飬ܵ˵Ǯ׬ֵġ
ţͶˣҾͼڼҿһ㣬ҲܽˣһǽǮһ
Щȣ̫Խǿˣ˳ֶϵˮˮһȴЩ㶡
զˣʲôһɵģԼЩ֣ѵǱԼˮӾˣ
Ӧðɡ
ֻĶѾķ죬ȴװһ˵ˮҺȹڡ
ƵһΪأǺȹˮιҩأСºǸȫ㲻ʲô
һҲģһ£ûע⵽ķӦ˵Žϵ顣
ҽȥϿ˭ˣ
˭
ĸ׺ˣ˵Ĺ治ǲô׾ưոݵˣⲻһܵ˼ƹĵſȥ֣˵ǵ֮ԲɾΪƹ⡣
Ҳ֪˵ڸʳ͵֮ǰҲ˵ģȻȴûгֿйֹһҧʳ⣡
ȻأʳǵƹıƽȥˣͣĻֵĺƽ·֪ôһ
ҡҡͷȻûУƹ϶ᱳڹһ˵ĸ׺ãԱҪȥ٣عٴ˸
Ҹոƺ˵ģƹȥҲʧˡ
ûУǸûֵģԼĸ׶ӲŴȥˣȻԼܻˣҸյſڵʱȥˣŶˣ
˵첻żңȥɻҲϻ˯һС»ֻǮĻǱȽʡĵġ
Ҳûٶ˵ʲôҲĬ˺һκƽ˵ʵǲ̫ﶼôģ㲻˵ý
·ϾȻʯͷҪңҺûҵȻҹǲĻˣûһҲһ
㻹ǵڳϱҷźʱһҶվһ߿ţǸҲһĮӡ
ҲǣƷ뷨ôͨһأҪ֪ǵ˼ҲͲˡ
.

ڶٶʮ£ůů

ʲôȻʯͷ㣿ȻɭƽʱҲûôЦȻĲޱټͱȽ˺ˣ
ڵŽпֲһͷŭʨƵġ
ڿɲܳʲô£ϽԵ˵ҲûҵңҲв䣬պ϶ǲ˵ģ
·仰Чˣıԭӡ
˿ߵͷƶϴʱ඼ҪʱˣҰԣ˳ѳúôɨһ£ϾϾõˣ
ճҩ˸ȣһȹüͷҲһµӷ·еĲǿҩˮƵġ
еҩ˵ҩʣ¼˾ͲҪˣҽоԼöˣҪ˶þͻõģ
ô˵֪ΪûˣҩѲŲٺȣȻүҲûҪҩѵġ
ҩúȻҪȵģ¶ү⣬˵˶㣬Ҳõӵ飬ⲻܹǮ˾ȰҩѸү
ֱӾͰѻ˵Ͳʲô£ǮȻҪӸû˵˻׬
ͻȻʶ˼е⣬㿪˵Ҫ˵뷨ǲԵģҪ֪û˵˾ͿԳȥ׬˿ɲٻ
һͨ˵ȴеһִδйģӵĸоǻصֻһԭѣҪ˻ָĻܿģϵҲ̲ˣ˵ܲȾͱ˰ɣ
ǵõү˵뷨ǲͣҩġ
̸ϲ˹˯ѵЩС¶ſڴ۾ӿɰˣ
һû˯ѵӣЦŽ˯һϻҪҪ˯ˣ˯˯ˡ
ϲ㱨Ц˵ڵĻȴ˶ݣϲ͵ܵܰ˯ϾͲˣͿ԰Сó˯һþѽ
ãСӾ͵ùԹ˯Ȼô᳤ء
ΪĶû˯أԭΪԼ룬оůůģ
ʱȷˣ˯һȴͷԼ֡
.

ڶٶʮ£ʲô

Ϊʲô£Ųŷֻ󻹸̻װһ
֪㴺ƹɹ۵ģһϻǣһڵ·խСֻǿͣԺ⡣
һиţͦˣ˸˾ϡ棬ǳҶĴһַܹʲôˣ
ʹĻƿ㿪˵˰ɣƹԸǸЩˣЩҪᵽ
ﻹŸصȻ˰Ѷ͵ǣû˵ָ˳ŵǶȥˣ鷳λСˡ
˲ؿЩƹԸķ֮£СʮֿĻһ䣬Ȼкһǣͬ鿪ʼж
ܵߣĵʵϱܻǰΪʲôҪôʳ񻹶۰
Ҫ֪Ǵ峤ҲһʳųԶͷھȻ˸ô۹ǻﲻ֪ǰǼз飡
ֻҲǸȴ峤Ǯˡ
㵹ҲûʲôѺ㴺ƹ
֮ͷúúãǼ¾Ͳóˣ˼ϵƹ̨Ҳ˰ɣ
ٺҲãϾ˼ƹָ˸ӺǸ޷ͽġ
жж۵СҲҪؼˣŻıӰ㱾ЩۻؼҳԣκЩ˼ƹ˹ĵģҲ̫ýҲû
ףǲˣϲһİɡ
ϲ֪ʱܵСϹſĵЦݣСϲСЩͺãݿŵòãʲô¾ȥҡ
ǺðɣԼæϲҲûзҪæתݺ͵ܵȥˡ
Լߵ鿴ж۶ж٣ĥõֱЩƷʺÿſűĺӣ
㾪ȵǻӵĺ춹ΪԼɳϲ˿ǺЩġ
.

ڶٶʮ£

Լ춹㴺ƹ֪ģ϶Ҳ֪ľɺ춹ŪɵϣôѺ춹ŪɶɳͲˣ
Ĳ鿴Щ춹ҲǴûõģں춹ĴҪõǡ
زȫˣ׼һ㿪ʼģǰһٵĳǶյĵģ
ȥ˯һһȻľȺĳһЩ˾ͻȡĵģ˸ոպá
صеʱ㿴С˶ڿżеĳϲûʲôģ
͹ˣ
͹ˣʲôУͦȫģϾͻȡģ˯һȻģҪʲôµĻһýҡ
϶벻˵ģ̫ܶһ£ԺȵԼǺͲ̫ðˣ֮չҲʮֲ׵ģ
һ˯˰ʱ֣ûʲôҲûк˯
ôˣôҲ
ʱǸʱҲǱһ󼢶лѵģ˰ҰԲˣĹˣ
ſڴϣ˵˯̫Ҳû㡣
˸Ƿﻷһȴûϲϲأ춼ô
أȥæջˣһǾܳˡ
ĺȥ⻰˵ĵûκȻ֪ϲǾģܾС̨̨ôĵط
Ҳû˵ʲôߵϲķôˣ
Ͳĳڷ˼֮ΧĸСֻϲƾɵӷŹеҰڹ̨ϸջ
Ҳûｻﾲĵģ۾Ͱǰ򿪾һٺ÷ԣǽ˭Ҳûжһ£
ϲɡ߽ȥ׼ӹϲеӣ̫СˣҲűȹ̨һ㣬㶼̵ˡ
ˢˢŤͷСմЩҳСèƵģЩЦ߹ȥϵණ
ô˯Һ͵ܵܿ÷ģ˵Դ˼֮ûôأһٰɡ
.

ڶʮ£һݳһ

ǺðɣҲˣǻðҩأһõĲҩ̨һʱݵһС̨
רΪҩĵط㽫ҩˮȻСٰ̨ҩ⣬ҩȫŽҩȥͿҩˡ
ҩɫҲȫҩŵһĿ˲ſʼԷҰ߳ʱڿһۣ
ǷŽҲûй͸ɼǻûʲô鷳ˡ
ϣܳһǵһǣպͣһɣ
Ա˷ϴɾ˿˳㽫춹ϣϸһ£һҹйһæˡ
ʱĩȷ˯֮ŴΨһһһԱ㿪ʼ棬ɳ
ǰ鶼æ°ҹðɵĻʽͷİõһ
ƴµĵľԼҲǱȽģӵĻһһٶĳ
ҵǱֵĶҪģҲ٣ֻһۣһۡ
ðģ㽫ЩµСڹ׼ãհѵĶװȴͷϸ΢
òҹĲŻɣ
ҹɫ߳ĿǸʲôȴȻڻˣóԿ״Լҵš
ߣ˶һʮƣ״̬Ҳûע⵽ߵĳ΢⣡
ûģȻдðȥǿ϶Ҫע⵽ˣʱôҲ֪һε֮Ⱥ˵ķ֮ĸء
ϾڴϣȺ˾ûܻˣʲôʲô
ǹţҲϨĥԼҲøϽһˣҲʵǽţҲֻС˾Ͳ˵ˡ
û˻㿪ʼģһ֮Լ˲ϴɾʢŵĵĺӣǱ㽫ȷڹţֽŵĵĴӸ˲
ӻԼױţû治֪Щĸʲôʢţɾ㽫һ档
.

ڶʮһ£һʮ߸

ʣ»ģȫҲѾǸʱˣʣµӻûۿŲ춼Ҫˣ㲻ɵЩż
ҲȽȣĶͷǼֻϰɳĶԽ٣΢΢ʱҲˡ
ϹһæûմһޣϼƲֵָһأ
̫һĻˣӦæһҹɣŻû㿴ҵСð̡
Ҳûж룬ֻΪ緹ˣ˵緹ҲǶĶӹˣϽ첽߻ؼ緹
߽ȴģʱоʮֲˬǸŮԽԽˣⶼʲôʱ˾Ȼû緹
¹գϾûбֳ߽Լӣȴﻹڴ˯
һĻʵʲôҪɣֻٷУھȻܰʱˣҲȻ˵һ١
ȻԼˤŶȥջؼһû˳ȥȻ˭Ҳûע⵽ؼֺܿ뿪飡
㻹ڳæ緹һҪϿ÷һЩȻŵҲںϵġ
˼ȡ֮ǰȫĶãϸԼһȻܹһʮ߸ĳ
Ӻ߸ĳ˴˸߸Լøӵ緹ԣһߵȵһ߰ѳɨɾ
ǰ֮ʳ㲻òעһˡ
ȵӶһЩûô֮Ƕװ˺ӣ㴺õģò˵ԼǱȽʡĵģ
̫ѾˣǲҲ˰ɣ㴷˴ԼֱۣȻ߸ȥ
ƿţȻѾ˹ʱſڴϷŻ
ʲôʱѵģôҲ˯Ҳû¡ѵķϣԼʮƣСϡ
ϵˮȻһûȣǿڿˣæµһޣˮҲûȿˮ
żæźˮӣǺϽ˵ȣǺˣæôãۻ˰ɣ
.

ڶʮ£

ǰڵ٣ǰЩǮˣʱͲóˡ
ȻֱᣬҲͦĵģҩѲõˣҲÿҰ˶ˣԭǰЩǳϰ˵ģ㲻У
ˣʱҲˣӸö˰ɣҽ˼ģ˼Ҵ˸ʣһ£ڻأ˰ɣ
ϵĵ׼ø˼Ҷȥˣ֡
Ŀ㣺ôˣҳ˰
ȻҸٳ԰ɡѵķŵԭĵطԼȥˮʪȻ˲֡
˵Ҳ֪Ǹ˶Ĵֻۻˣ֮˫϶Ǻϼ룬⻹һδƣĴƺҲͦġ
˵־̫ˣΪƣо߬סֻСҲſ
ûҲͲٴ֣װ£һ߳Իĵۣ
͵ĲĳڸкͷҪ
ͦʵϵ˵仰ԴЩϡŹֵĶȴúãΪԼܶʱ򶼿͸е뷨
ֱĸоʮֲϲġ
ǰɣҺķʽ΢ıһˣоݲõҲܳԣ޵оԼҪˣǵһ˿ء
һһĺ㲻ٳԣҪӲ˵ҪŸӺԣֵĺܼ֣Ҳûʲô취ֻܰѵٷ˻ȥ
̸˺ܿĺһ֪㴺ȡˣ߳ȥһȻСվڼſڡ
Ҷ÷ڳˣλСƽ˳ʢŵĵĺӣһžµĵıӳλƵ
ԴһЩĻƵһʱ۲˳ĻȻСȴʰʮɾǿǿҲ˰ɣҪǿĵĶװ׾ģ
ȫˣܹһʮλһȷһ¡
㱾һߣȴЦˣƹŵùˣ˵һʮǿ϶ЩˣûҪģ
.

ڶʮ£

˵ƱԼͬѵװʱŷһϻŲֽӡ㴺ĵ
鶼ûӵˣҲã
ˮϴɾ֣ȻʮİѵĶװ˴ֽһװģʮӾ͹ˡ
Ǵˣǽ˵ˣĸߴҲһЩĻƴӻóһǮȡʮͭ㣡
֮ƾ׼ϻ㴺ˣ㽫ͳţ߳㷢վԺ߶
ԼҲΧЩһָֹҲ֪˵Щʲô壬ǿС˵ģ
ҲɶûɣȻΪʲôһء
㴺ĻҲע⵽ЩھӵĲǹĺ˵ˣǾͲˣȴЩĻصˣ͵ɣȥˡ
һ¿Ǹӣһ˱ֳ˵һ׼ͬһĴ㱻ϵ˳ΪˣĴƶĶ࿴һۣͺˣ
ԺǼʵķż찡СˣôС
ʵﳯķ˿ĭȻɫĻ
ʣµĴȵ˼㴺˶˲ŷ׷ɢȥ㿴˻볯߹ȥ˵仰ȴź
㿴ϱıӰӷ׷֣ȴһСĸоǸţȻݺһ
·ƺȴȫ෴ֵϱˣ
Ȼﱻ˽ˣҲû׷ȥæһޣ׼ЪЪȥ
صУ㽫ոյͭŵߣزõҩˣһҹûæǮţȥ˯һ
һͭ壬Ȼͦ࣬õҩϵĻʵ㲻ʲôǰҲǾҩģһҩʲô۸Ҳ֪
Ҫôˣôô˳βأ
Щû˵㿴ĺ۾úϢûſڴϢӽѵҲûнǣԼһſϺܿ˯ˡ
ΪŸ첲˯ģʱ첲û֪ˣԼĸ첲
.

ڶʮ£һ

ϲ״С첲ʵôˣ첲𣿡
ֻۣ˯̫öˣĸ첲һͦ۵ˣزûϢˡ
ϲɣϲͷֱۣСȻûʲôܹҲһЩġ
ע⵽ϲѾ֮ǰˣⶼ¶ԺӵչˣԽԽõĽҲһԺأ
ȵ첲̧֮ͷ⿴һۣʱ̫ѾƣһʱҪˡ
ҾȻһ˯磡ɫеϧ˯һȥЩʳؼҵģû֪˯ôãڿ϶ˡ
ʱſڴϵˣʱģ˯̫Ҳû㣡
˵Ļ϶֪Լʱ˯øͷһˣҲȥˡ
ۼҵҰҲû˰ɣҲرȥʳؼҰɣ
ҹȥĵʱͷҰֻʣһСˣڴʱ䳤ĹϵѾˣ⸸Ӽǳˡ
ʵǲ̫㣬û취ʳֻϲҲֻϲУЩׯͰ첻УҲûҪļе˼
ҪʲôҲֻܵԶһˣƫƫӸȺӵľԶģ
ϲɣԼȥҲ̫ģܰõ㶫ڼҿңô
Ҳ㣬Ҳ֪ԲҰÿٷӲʵģҰ˵ǽҰˣ˵Ӳݣ˲ǶȻһֱ
ҲͭЩʳԾȥˡ
ðɣǾϲһȥʱ䲻࣬Ҳĥ䣬΢ͷϲϸϣ
һ·ϣϵʳʱ˼ҶҪŴˣƹʶ㣬Ҳûйϡ
ƹ˵ʳ˰صʳԵĺÿ죬ϴȥż찡ͳԹˣӼ˿ڲٰ
ǰⲻǸˣһͰһˣ
ЦЦΪߵļ·ҲȽϺĶͷǼ⵹ССĺ
ƹҲǸˬˣԶܹû˵ֽԼҵųȥЪЪ˵ɣزżˣҪЩʲôʳ
.

ڶʮ£һԺ

лƹ⣬ҾͲڹЪϢˣﻹ¹أ㷬ʹ׻ȥ
㲢ֻҪף㼦Ѽȥ壬Ҳ֪ǴӺʱѾûпʼֳˣ
ƹΪʢױ˵Ҫˣʼջˣǿȥԡ
ƹƺʮֱ˰ȻˣҲǣط˷֮⻹ҲӣͬڳҲֵʲôǮ
ʮĴףһӷһӵķ۸Ǵ׵һ룬˶ٶǮ
Ǻܶ࣬ʳʳ֮϶ͲʣӶˣҲûо᲻Ǯ
㽫ķʹһŽԼı¨ÿʳᱳģܲôͽʳ߰ɣ
ϾСϵЩֱǼһһѰ̯϶Ҫʳȥġ
Ҳģ׼ؼҳԣҲһģ
ڻ첻ˣڽϿ̯ûߵطŵѪζζ㶨һ̯Թһˮ裬ǼʻĲ㡣
㻹ǱĸмֻëЩѼӣЩԱĥĥһֱͣ
磬⼦ѼôİԱôһֻС
ǰʼۣʱžԼˣæ·ϲ˲֣ĸѼӶǶʮǮһֻʮģֻǱ˲ҪҵģóûаԹ򣡡
ףֻÿϲ˵ʵЩ򣬴˳һ࣬·ϻв֪ʲôѪ
ϲָСԴеСҪˣҲô
һɫ԰Ȯò˵⹷ӵ۾ĺϲСԴ˶ͷͷ˸ϲָ
㿴˼֪⹷Ȼڿûʲôǵһ˶µģܹһԺˡ
ֻҧ˵ĴżţǾͲԼҴ˰ɣ
ô磬ܰӴǿֻСҪûʲôëĻȥһԺˡ
.

ڶʮ£Ƚ϶

򳤵׶ʵϻͦ˵ģһ̴ӣѽҪ֪ҪݿһԺҾͲôˣͦһСģ
ûС̹ĶӵȷģһֻŽгҲȽС״óιȴֹ
ɻ󲻽⣬ȴǲҪιȽϺãһԲ϶ҧ˿ô죬⹷㿪۰ɣ
⹷ҲҶ˼ˣͲҪôˣʮͭߡҲԣûҪ̫ͭ塣
óʮͭݸֻһҪһֻ㣬ֻܲ鷳ɱã
ǰѲ˵۵ĲУǲָɱɱˣ˵ԼŪЩҲȽ鷳㿴ܸܲɱһ¡
ϣһҲϻΪ㴦㣬ͺϲС棬ֳʵЩѪȣСӻҪٿΪã
Ҫ˵ҲרҵͰѼʰɾȻһСŻؼҡ
ϲСǣֿʼżæŵߣرϻ˺üʮôҲʱߵô죡
صʱɫȻҪ¹Żؼҵ·㱳ôصĶڲƽ̹·ǻˤӡ
ƿţſԼ״ϲܵϲ̵С˿ɰСʱͲԼˡ
еļ㶼ûע⵽ͦϲСҹģ
ϵʳȫж£ʱûɣҲֱͦˣ⸱ģ˵˰ɣЪһɣôֻ
ȻҪһԺڻС˾ûˣϲˮȰɣûʲôԵģˣ
ϲͷ¹͵ܵˣԼڼѰʲôǹܳԵġ
ЪЪ˳Ͱֻ˰ɣԼǰƲ˵ֻгɿ飬Ȼϴ˼ͬгɿ飡
׼ͼһзˮȰѼһȥɫĸĭȻٷΣһӦòȣ˼鷬
ջˣæµãһζļˣʢ뼦ȴΨһļȽ϶࣡
.

ڶʮ£ЩϢ

㽫뼦˽Уں͹ˣĽ˵ϲȥϴֳԷˣļ˾ͲúˣùϢᣬˡ
ЩƣļζôãȻǲŵһǹźСҹˡ
ȻͳԣǹԹԵȥϴ֣Լе뷨˳
뼦ȥǰаǣǻɣ
ȥɣǵÿȻġҲһ뼦ˣοǻﻹǰ
ôһ뼦ߣһܹ룬˵Ļܶһ㡣
ɽſǼҷţ˹ţǻţôоͦɻ
ϱôʲô𣿡
ʱֻ̫̫ŷ¶ͷҲû˵ţȻҲûеļֻŵкζ
̫̫¿ˮȴ뼦ģϴɩӰæ뼦͵ллˣҲˣҲ˯˰ɡ
뼦̫̫ˮҪˣҲʻﵽװʲôæˣֱӹ
ѽ⺢Ӷ׵ôɶɩǸ˯£ҪҰ
̫̫̬һЩ뼦ķݶϡ
ЦҡҡͷȻɩӶ˯ˣҾͲˣ⼦ӴȻûɶҾȻˡ
̫̫Ҳûȥ˼ּҶͦӭȥǼҵģ˶վ⣬ԺŶṳ̂ȥ
£Ұڳȥɡ̫̫Ҳ֪ûɶҲͼˣҲȱһ롣
ܻؼҰѼԼȻ󻹸ҵ룬һջؼˡ
ȰѿŻ˳ȴϲӾȻԼļιҲԣ
״ЦϲˣܸǵιˣǲðԼԣҿǸ˼ء
׿³ԷɣιԷͺãҲۻ˰ɣ˷ЩϢ
ǶµǰȻݸЩԷ
.

ڶʮ£һ˯

ӵչѾԵĲˣȻҲӳԷ
˵ڻǸоеģȻҪչųԷ´ܣֻЩ
˼ҰһγԷóԶˣܾͦˣټϼȽ㣬ʳ󿪣
㾹Ȼһһ뼦Ա˲žе㲻˼ԼȻһӳôࡣ
ıȫ۵ף־ЩЦǾҪԵĺãϾڻһƤͷӣ
㱳һ¨Ķʱ޲̴ӴϵĶҪ֪㵽Ҳûء
ûǸտʼʱ΢һ¾ͻε飬ԼڵضûбЩأôЩһ·߻ģ
Ա˷ϲˣ׼յˮϴϴţʵϴģæʱϳ˺ϵʱҲˡ
ھرƺҲͦʱûϴˣϧҲûϴõԡͰҪȻϴһˣ
ŪһˮŵЬ׼ݽţϲߵǰ˵ףϲϴŰɡ
˵ϲǰС־ץסĽѾϴһĻסˣܵҪؽţ
ܾôСĺӸԼϴָУ˵ˣϲҲΪ˵ţϴµģԼԽǱ΢Խǻᱻ˿
ôˣϲ𣿡ϲоɻĿ֪ܲ룡
һɫϲ֣ϲҲ·һ˶úˣϲ϶ҲۣͲϴˣϲҲϴϴŰɡ
ϲش𣬱˵ððҲҪ׽һϴŽţ
ô˵űѾԼЬҡСѾ㿴СȶȻûʲô⣬ȴܰ׾ֺͷʮֿɰ
룬µҲ㹻ӹһݣʱﶼֻԼһſڴ϶ܶ
һϴŽ˯ˣϲ˯ǶֻСҹжӣ˯Ҫ§˯СУһ˯ɡ
Ҫҹ𣿡µʡ
.

ڶʮ£гϢ

ҡҡͷ㴺û˵ҲҪأʱˣҲûע㴺Ķ򣡡
һǹҪҲеĲȷôҲ̫ãһҹûãžζͲˡ
Ҫ˼ãԼûҲ̫ãһʱ֮һѵĵؾ
Ҫɣǵĵǰ죬һĵĸأڿ϶ҲĶȥɡ
㴺첻õģҲȥˣ㴺ӦҲûɲհɣ
Щԥô˵ģܾе㲻ԣżæŵģȥ㴺һ¶˸һɶ
ԥã㻹ǰ˵ҹ˵ĳıҪһЩΪɳûúñ
һҹǶס˯ˣ챾ͱȽȴҲûжϢһ
صʱû˯ѣſϴһһſһʱٴۻѵġ
̫ˣҲûã㴺˽첻ȡˣеǻû
ǲˣǽô죿ҪԼ͵㴺ȥ𣿡һʱ֮ҲЩ㶡
οû Ҳ̫Ҳٵһأٵȵȣ̫żˣ
ǵȵ绹ĻҾȥϿǱǸʲôɣȲżѵ͹ȥ
ʵһ̧ôĺҲ߲ôԶûʲôϾ˼ģźӾ͹ȥˣ
ϴȻ緹˳ֽĲŵһ£˵ԺҪڼڸؽѺô洢ģȻһʲôž˶׻
СԺڵؽѾЩǿģٸӵ˵ڸؽѵط̫Сȫ
ҲʱЩ뷨ú֮ǺúðȻĵطؽӣʲôûõġ
緹࣬ȻǼ鷬㻹ʹ˵ζϲǺܰԵģ
Էʱ뵽ʱ򣬿ϲͻȻʵ˵Ǵ˽ӣҿϲҲСˣȥʶˣܲһֱڼôЩֻɣǵԺгϢ
.

ڶʮ£˽ѧ

ֻһ˽ӣׯǲеġһ㶣ûҪͱȥ˽أ˵һҪͺȥ˽ӵģ;ȥˣϾʱԼͷҲûʲôӡ
ʱԲĶӸӽÑϵ˽ҪÑҲȽϹǰ˶ϣ
ãһͷȥϵʱϲʰɡ
Ϊһ˼һ˿һ˵ȥ˽ˣ˵ֱİƣŶ̫ÿܿȥ˽ˣ
ϲҲҪȥҪõܵȥɣڼҰ׸ɻ
֪ô£ϲƺԶûʲôȤڼΪֵ
ôأϣϲҲűһȥ飬֪ŮҲҪʶ֣кӲĶȥ
ȥϲô΢ԼӾͿһ㣬취ӵÑ׬ġ
֪ʱѰҪԼܹ뿪¸һɶӶԺĺһ㣬֪е뷨Ҫ˻ˣ
Լ˵Ҫܺһȥͺˣи
Сһﵹûôֻ࣬ԼʱţҲͬĵͷҪľôһ仰
㿴ܵܶϣϲһȥ飬㻹ʲôɾܾأ˽չŵܵһЩҲ׿Էİɣҿɺµ˽۸ܵء
ϲȼâȻݺݵ˵СԴ׷ģʱҿ϶չ˺õܵܵģ
ô˵ҲԸȥˣ˵ĶвԸȥˣֻǲҰˣ΢һ±ûʲôˡ
㿴ϲЦЦҿɻϲΪһŮأȻٸϲѰһ˼Ҽ帣ȥ
⻰Ҳ̲סǣдЦ˵ϲż갡ͿʼЩˣЩԷɣ˵ˡ
ͷӱ˭ȵ컹࣬ʵҲϣܶһ㣬СҹιԷҲʳоͦģ
˶оԼ˶ʮоʰȥϴʱȴվԺŲԼơ
ִ֪ʲôأҲû࿴һ۱ϴȥˣû֪ηء
ϴãֶûüɱ㿴ƽʱߵıȽϽһӼҴҵ˹˵ϱҪˣ
.

ڶʮһ£̲

֪ĻΪʲôأϵǲ»֪ͨ籨š
ʲôҪˣ޷Ǿ֮ǰд־ݵ£ȻŶһʱ㲻һɡ
ùô࣬߻˵㽫Źϣ˳㶼ˣʡһʲô
ĹŸое֣ڼɫҲ̫ԣʵʲôôŶʵˣ
ĸҪˣ۲ܣ԰Źˡ
ҲʲôǷˣһٰӴҲǳװĸˣڲʲôƺûҪܵ˼
Ҳãʡȥ鷳¡
ڿǳ׷ˣһֱŶǱߵĶһԷ޺ˣòҩѣǷŹģ
¶棬ڼҾֻɺӦ޶ˣ˼ӱźӹġ
ò⳥ȻĸԸ뿪ɷҲﲻڼңӲ˽ȥڽŵ
һ˵˼˼ɷ̲ˣȭͷͲˣҪ˾ǸѾ͸֧ȵסġ
ر˼ɷƢʮֱ꣬һʮֻңȻܲǶһģΪ˵û
ǸĻȰϽӳ˼¾ȥˣЩľˣͲֵôҲԼĸȰǮƽ¡
ڤ粻鰡ܱôȰǲԼиʱɣĺԽԽ⣬˼ҵֱޣ
ǸҲˣ޶ɵӣﻹǮҪ֣ﵽɣǰǷ˼ҵĶˡ
Ƿ޶żæŵĴźȥҲǸһ䣬˴Σƻˣ
˸һɢȥεôãֻҪ̵ĲˣϵϴȥҲ֪ж̣¹ˡ
ʱɲٶˣ̵ĲܺȾû취ˣ
°ⶼɢˣҲû̫ĻԺķѵʱЩ磬øڱ˼ҶԷʱˡ
.

ڶʮ£м

ʵ˵ʵûر㣬ûкصζ㲻ˣϾûʲôȥʵĶֻһ㣬˶ûУ
ɫģ˿žʳǸʢһ룬Լͽģʣ»в٣͸ү
ȸ˹ȥ˵ҸүȥǰΪ˾㣬үǰŵ˲ζóˣɸúúøлģ
ļʵڲ࣬Ҳûүȥ㹻͸ȥȻҲ㲻ʲôõĶҲһˡ
֪үȻ˲ξԼʱһ£ôһʲôأһ˲ζ֪ܶˣ
ȥ˴ҺúøлүֻôһҪˡ
˵㶼лүüˣű˳ԷʱϽүߣԼڻǵ͵һĺãʡĺ¶ˡ
Ҫ֪ĸ׶Ȳñ֪һ޹ʵүȥ϶Ҫڱӣֻ֪Լ鷳£
үʱԺ÷ɹҩЩ⣺ϱʱ㲻ڼҳԷɶֳʲô£
ʹү۾Ҳˣûе룡
εЦЦİɣڼͦõģǸү͵ԵģԹ緹Ҹ㳢
òã˹ȥȰɣҪ͸ӣһһݵģɵöԵˣ
үҲûľ;ܾˣˣɲһ
Ҳֲߣ㻹°ɣ˵һҪ㳢ģںүͲòˣָǵģ
аɣҵߡ
˵˵үǽ⣬ֻȥүҲֻзʱģϾûˣ
ãҲ׼ؼˣǰү˵˼ҿɳȺȣ˹ƸˣҸ仰˵лл֮ǰ˲γˡ
֮ǰǶлˣлҸʲô⣿˵ˣ˲θȲҪŹƴ˿ˣҪлǵл㡣
.

ڶʮ£

˲εǼ£ҲŪˣԭ㵱ʱ˵ĶģͷӹªˣϹ˲Σ
үһı㲻ɵЩЦ˲ôˣȻȲãȫԺȵİ
ֻүһƵӣҲ˵ڰֻˡ
ͱˣؼҳԷȥɣԺҲ˲£бȥҼǣʱһͷӿӦ
ðɣүҲؼҰɡүӻ־Լˡ
үصǰζͦ̾ͺһڣһһôûˣ
۳үδģһϥǣ֣緹ôˡ
صʱѾʮֶµչ˷ʵԷҪôչˣֻҪѷ˶˸ͺãζȥе£ʳҲûôã
ʱ㴺û˹˶ǹȥϿô°ɣǰѼﶼʰãԸѼҿá
ͲϲȥˣҲûʲô£ȥһˣ
һ·еϣ·ǰߵ·ʱڻ£Ǻʵ̫ˡ
ʱֱ㴺ȥ쿴ⲻôã̤ż㿴ƹһ谦̾
ƹôˣ̾ģʲôˣ
ϣãأⲻǵһȻڲ̫ˣ˵ɡ
ƹк£ȻԵݸһ裬һ·ҲȷЩˣӹˮ˼ڣ
ΪòԵʣҲȲҶˮˣڸпɬеˮ⻰ǽȥҪЦˡ
ɤ˵ƹո˵Ĳ̫ô£ζڸвǰûôţ
ƹȫҡҡͷڸζ֮ǰҪãֻǾʳһǶȥˣҲ³ԳëԴ쵽Ҳûģڻʣһ࣡
⡭ƹǵ취ϵǵĵĶǸɾģ˾Բ⡣
ȵû⣬ǲţֻҪ취֤ԼĶûˣ
ⲻʵҴһЩЩѳһûҲˣҲ±ӣۼҵ⣬ǱоĵƭǮҪӲ˵ԻˣҲ⳥ӵ飬ʱ鲻̫ð졣
.

ڶʮ£

ƹеǲòţĻҲеѰ죡
û˵ʲôƹ˵ʵɣЩҪСҪĶ࣬Ҳ˭ҶͦǮһһĻȥ
ϳʳǵĳԻ£ӵĹĸĸֱӾºƭӣĲʵǳӣ۸Ҳٵˣ
ҸоҲ̫ð죬Ĳôܻӭˣ˶˿ٰܻɡ
ƹ̾˿ص㣺ɣŵĲԻӵ½죬⼸ȻؼҴţĥһ¿ܲµĵĳ
ڲͬĵžã˳ղܵʵûгԻ£˱Ҳİɡ
аɣ˵Ҳȡû뵽ĳ⣡
ҲЩΣҪһҲ·ԹҲʲôöûУǻȥоµĶɡ
û£ͷ˰õĵùǮһոģؼҷоµĵľͺã˵䲻Ļ㴺ܲվȫأ
¿Ǽҵ̿ǰǶҪѹˣҲҲŴ˼ˣ˭ֳ֪ˡ
ƹǶȻʵ޻˫۾͸˲һ϶֪˲СظУ
û뵽ԼȻ㴺һҪæĻصȻƹҼҿ϶Ҳʧˡ
ʵҲ֪⿿ֵ׬˶ӵģϾ˻壬رǸӣ
¶Ҫǳ˵Ļҿ԰Ѱ㴺㣬Ƿƽƽģ
ƹҲֻҪµĵ㴺ĵڶλƹ
ҲǣԼľӪôõĵҪѹˣֻҪлᷭסԼ⣬Ǹ˰ҲԸİɣ
ĵɲȤǱǫ˵ƹˣǺεº̣ܵûбҾˡ
УȻذɣƹͳſڣҲûȥ
ٶ˽ӵʱȻϤĸоҲĹܣʱ˼˽ӵķڿѧ飬վſҲӱ
.

ڶʮ£Ůѧ

һľϹȻӲʵλˣſڹã֪ʲô𣿡
šǹʷĺܲ˽ˣûڸѧϿΣҲҴţڴվһ
ʵԥҪҪѺ͵طϾҲڴ˵أӹȥֻһ˽ӣ
ܲúѧӶʱֱͦ˱ĺȫ˽ˣȻÑһӶӣ鱾ʲôǻ溢׼á
ǰ˵óˣֻûУҪ˶þͻ׬ģ
һһ⣬˽ŮҼŮҲ顣
ܶһÑӦûԸģǷȴùڳ˵һ
λˣ˽ʱûŮӵŮ޲űǵ£ΪʲôҪŮҲ͵˽أҿҲǳԸԣ˼ңһӾҪӣ͸Ů˽ֵ𣿡
ǰΪϲ˽õѡ񣬵ôˣȻǶˣȴЩһŮ
ͷô仰ʱñҲ뷨׻˵ᣬѧϰĻԺҲᱻ̳Ǹģġ
뿴ģҲûӶ˵ʲô׼뿪ˣú»취ɣ
ڴ㻹˼⣬ҪҸ̺ӣʵڲУ÷иҲаȻŮ˼Լɡ
⣬㿴ֱһӰ̯ʲô֪ΪдţǸʶֵġ
ʹ߹ȥƣȻĲôȴдһֺ֣˶ô̯дίˣ
˵Իڷźü黭ӦоУĿ鼮һ򵥵־͵ӹ档
̯˸дűһֱ㣬Լ鿴Ҳûд
ŨȤҪ˵ʿҲˣȻ˲൫϶һˣûмŮء
ȵ־͵ӹ֮㷢˼̯ԼأȻЩֵҲδϣ
.

ڶʮ£еѶ

ǿͿʵ־͵ӹôҪȥҼҶŮ
㾹ʶ֣Ҳֵ˼ǮȻǸӿǾˣ͵°ɣ
ʿ´㣬ΪʶֵŮֻЩҹ㣬û뵽Ұ֮Ҳʶֵģϡ档
ϡϡ棬ǳʿ͵Ŀûʲô⣬ʮֵ͡
ǮøҪģν޹»Ҳܰװ鰡Ҳʲô˶ռģǰȻɾ࣬϶Щˣɼӹòá
˼Ҿָ黭͸д׬ͭ壬Բռˣ
˵úãȻʮͭ߾ˡڳ³ʿͲɵö࿴ۣͭ塣
Ǯ֮Ц־͵ӹ涼ֳİɣҿͷּдʱּһģһģ
дĵͦÿ黭Ҳͦôڴ˴̯أ
ĿҲóʿЦһ£Ͽѵϸʶˣбԭ򣬱㲻˵ˣлҵˡ
ǰºͶĳʿͣͻȻԺһһֱڴ˰̯ģͷҪ黹򣡡
ʿҲûͷİɣҶ̯ʱˣҪ⿴ǡ
뷨ǰ˿ԵĻ㻨Щȥϲʦ˹ֱдɷ裬϶λѧʶˣ
ȷһֱֱˣպһֱע˵ĶҪоͲȥ˽ӣʦˣҲõԺô
ϾȥصҪĥʲôһ·Ҳû뵽ʲôõǰ׸һˣ
㴺Ǳڻ˵ıȽϺԼûʲôµĵǾͲ˺˵ˣҲ֪ƹ񼰻ƶԼ˿ΪԼϡĵġ
˶ѣԼмＸԼڵܲõˣ
һ·飬ϲȥ˽ӵҪһˣ֮Ƚӵ飬Ҫ˵ģ㻹治ˡ
ģطҲûҪĶͲϣôһ뻹еѶȵģŵĹСʱѧģ
.

ڶʮ£

˾ûѧκκЩйϵĶˣ˵еĻҩЩ
ߵſڵʱվõһ±ŽȥӿԼüӣ
ϲ׸ʲô߽ӿϵ̿ĵ˹
ۣ飬ȥ˽𣿡˵ʡ
ЦҡҡͷʱŶ˵ϲͻȽСأȳһȥ ǿģ
˵СڼҲˣûʲôĻһ棬˯һǲȥ棬Ҳǿȥ
Ҳܾܲȥ˽ӣһһ鿴Ȼǻʶϵ֣һһֿ棡
ͷصʱЩĬԣԾеʵҪҪЪЪ㴺Ǳô°
ŤͷһŻ˵֮ǰʳǵ²ֵϵ˶֪㴺ͬĵǾͲˡ
»ؼҳҲԻ ľͲˣҲȥһ£ǵĵȷʣһ룬ƹ˵ĵأ
˺һŰĻֻЩţܻӭĵľȻ˵ûûˣδ˷Ӧ
û£ĵİɣҲǼܼġο䣬һҲҶ˵
ҹǶѾ˯ȥҲ۾ӶǵĵҲûʲô˯⡣
ãƺĲʲôˣȻӿҲ׬ӣԼĵƺûʲô취ˣ·ߵ͵ͷˣ
۾ԼǰԹĵģĪڵЩȫĶʵ벻˯ˡ
ڶ峿ϴ㴺˱ȡˣ֮ǰλС磬ĽȫãȻӦеͭ壡
ıȽ٣ֻٶģǮСҲżߣǿʵƹʾ仰֪пйµĵ뷨ˣ
ҡҡͷʵصûκ˼أһƹ㿪ʼż𣿡
ǵģƹҲԵĿԣֻϣܾĵֻʱˣʱץʱ䣡
.

ڶʮ£

С˵仰Ҫˣһ±ƣôڱµأе㲻ܰ
ԶȥҲû׷ȥʸףֻ֪Լֻʱˣһʱ֮ʮƣһߵ￴ԶȥҪˣ
ͬԼûӵԽԽˣôУôܹıԼá
㴺㽫ͭûиԼֻʱ£Ǯźǰʼ
֪ĥĵҲעⲻҪȻ㲢û뵽ʲôõĶԽʱԺԽһƬհס
Ҳﲻʲôæ˳ԹͷҲûԹʲôһģ
ԽżԽҪ鷳ʱǶ˯ˣֻ㡣
ڼ£
ǰȴһˣ
Ǹӵģ㳯ԴͷȥֻһеȣѶ˾ֱԺˡ
˱ձʱôˡ
û˵վձȥʮֲԭϵҲϣûԭÿսеģ
ôʱˣʲô𣿡ΪձԼݣ㻹ŷнձһ硣
ĽǶԭǰ˼⣬˻ˣƴ׬ӶΪձνĵ룬ϧû顣
ձǲһϼӴ󣬳޵Ҷһˣֻ£ڼҶ첡Ҳ֪ȥһۣ
ڿ˵ˣӹǽһãǰɣǰСˣϽӳﻹβء
ʲô𣿡ûձ֣ҲûԼЩòǾ˲⣡
ձһۣŭϲ㲻ԼؼҿȥûҵǴæˣĶʱԼﰡ
ҲܣֻܳӣҺ͵ȥˣæ˵ʱ䣡
ձôƢ֪ģֻҲ
ӣձҲδػᶼȥĸβԼӻᱻ⸸ȥԺζģ
.

ڶʮ£ô ƭ

ձô㻹ƽ˵ҲûжӣһòԼӶҪȥˣҪǲܵˡ
ôܣ㲻Ǹ϶ǲǲǣТŮǸ￴㶼ĲôôŮ
ĻձһֶţΪǲ
㿴סĵط˻סˣҶûӴӵģ
ָָԼӻſڴϵձĴҲѣ˿֪Ķ
ձһƲ˵˭֪ǲǮϾֲϲˣǰǻر֪ܵĸ
Ҳѱ㲻װңȻҲȥأ˵Щǲߵġ
ᵽʱȴһ£ϲࣿ
㻹֪ʲô˿ձԿӿװˮǵݣȷһ̶ûǾͶˡ
˵˻Ҳֻ˲Ż᲻ϰȥ룡
ô˻Ͳ£˵ˣҲԼĶˡ
ձһ߹һ䣬˵һܶȥ䣬˵˼仰˲û¸ɣֵĴ
Ҫ˵Ҳ㲻ãиʲô±¹ܺûϴգ˻ָֻܰŵģ
Ҿ˵ǳ˰ɣ²㶼Ҷˡձ͸һ˿˵أԼָ˵ͣǳ฾˵컹Ҫ
ſŵȥˣձĪлú˵˵˵ĸ׵ʲô
ձǲǻĸֻ֪㱻ԼһͿĻûὲôôء
ἰĸĲ㿴ձת£ű˵ǿȼҪڷҩУ
ȼⲻʵɣ˸ð˷纮ʲôĸԵģԭǰûëչȥ¾ܵÿȼ
㿴ձܾӵģĸûеòǸδ֪ٻȥ֪ϾձҲǵһôƭˡ
.

ڶʮ£С֮

Ҫȥһ˵֮˵ûкܶӣҩѶǷ˼أȥʣҪɣ۴Ҳûиʲôģ
иֳɵģҽɺˣ￴Ҫô˼ҴۼһȥȻе鷳ҿ϶ú˼Ҹȥһˡ
ȥĸһ֪ʲôˣҪǼٵıץʱ򿴿ձҪô˵
ձôȥĸû˵;ܾһֻҪӡ
һйܴȥĸձȻͬ⣺ֻЩҿɲܣûУһҲûУ
ǰɣҽͰҸˣǮ˾ͷǰɣΪ˭ʲôȻҲ˵˼ҴȥĻ
ձҪˤĶ̣Ψһһ㶫ҲǼŵӺһˣȻҪԼˤˣ
ôӣ˵ûˣʲô˵ˣôִӶȥˣĶȥ
㼫侲Ӧձȴûע⵽һ߿֡
ĵĻձȫ˶߷磬ֻظ˵Ҳܣ˺˵ˣȱľˣ
ſڴϵĿһץסʲôصһ˭Ǹ¶ģǰ׬ЩӣЩȫˮһˡ
˿鷳Ѿ²˭ǻҪȷһ£ƫƫձԴǾڲᣡ
ձ᧿ΣĵӣȰѵӷɣ㲻ҪӸ￴Ȼòӵϵô￴
Ҳ¹Ķ֮ĸд͹˰ɣ㻹Ҫӣοò
˵ʵһӶûУûȶԼĹ֮ǰǲҶ໨һͭġ
ձһתſڱҴҶٰԽ⣬˵ˣʶʲôôҷĲ£
ҪȥϵҽݸԲһֱҪӣһֱС֮ĶȾ֮˰ɡ
ֵĴָָ㣬ϻĵģȻ˵Լûӣ
.

ڶʮһ£˱Ѫù

ձ֪ЩΪԼףվڵƸߵ㿪ʼ
ûǣֻձ˵Ҳû취òģҪǲ뵢Ĳ͸Ͻȥ취ﹻӣ£
ƾɶӵ¶Ҫѵ㲻Ů㲻óݶ𣿾һ˷
ûھȥ˽ ܼǶ٣취ȥ롣
ձǴҧסͲɿˣǵҪõӲŻؼҡ
ʱбִһĴͿˣ׷ָ²ص
˵ɶҲ㳤ôҲþȾ缱תһûӾʹ
Ҿ˵öԣҲһ˵óݶģ½費ʲôӣ
ƳһۣȻô˵ĻһЩӰɣҲǿ˵ģҲȥɱģȥ￴
ֻոջдʵĸᵽǮҲʵԲˣҪ϶Ͱһˣ㻹ұ˽ɡ
⸾ڨЦţŤͷձ˵˰ɣΪû˽Ӱʵǽ費һ˼Ҳùûʲôطȥ
ҲܣֻҪӣԼ뷨ӡձеɵģȥɵøеķ
ʲôܣбӵҲܰ
㲻кܶȥǽһˣ˭ȥأҲûʲôˣȥܸܲһ㡣
˵ȫܵģԾɴյձǰ˵ʵ˵˰ɣ׬Ӷˣҽǽ費ģȥԣ
мпӵģֻԼŲ¶б˵˼ҶٶɽҰ˵˳Եʱ򣬵ƺûУ
ȻҲûмǳԹ߲ʲôģϾסһǳҲġ
ձ˸ڿϷӣǺôҲһˣزǲҲ˼һ£Ͼ׼Ҳǣ
νģֻҪõô˵Ļͱ
ձķ˸ۣĶӣһһƨծûأúңǴ׼ǵ˰˱Ѫùˣ
.

ڶʮ£

ձŭѹסˣŭһһֶ˵ûӣˣ𣿽첻ôǶøóȻҾǼҡ
ëɣòҼҸܲܽﲡûʲôҪİɣ
벻ƢңǸ޷Ƶġ
ǸúģҲͷˣûУڻҪ˵ˣһò
Ҳ޻˵֮ʱֿˣº˵ձ ɣȻȥţǼ֮ڸ͹ȥĪҪΪ㡣
̻ͷŵĿһۣ֪ԼûǮձͷ֧Ʊ֮ĶŪӸձȥ
ձƢʱòӿ϶Ҳưոݣ
ʱձɫͻȻһ䣬ٺٵЦ˶Ǿһ
泩Ķ˵Ҿ֪ӣǲԹԴӦûôˣȼ£ܵĸ˿δصȵļȻеĻھ͸Ұɣ
ûӣ޼춼УĸϾף϶ҲԼĸģôܻ᲻
ҲΣԼôſˣʱҵˣҪȻһ˳Ųȥ
УҾ͸ʱ䣬иʲộ͸ҵˡ
ձºݻһ۱뿪ˣûֿҲŷ׷ɢǰûӻǲ
ֻмٲֵԸûӣಿֵ˵ɶҲţǿģ
ԼţЩĻͨͨ棬Ӹըһۣǿſڴϵһ䡣
ΪҪձֻδҲ̫˵˰ɣ֪֪ʱͲֻҼôˣ
ʵոҲǽѣӾͲ̫ùòðЩһʲձˣҾ͵øӡ
۾һֱֻǲϣѣңҪȥһ죬Ժȥ϶Ҫɫģ
ͻȻһ£ԭΪ룬ô˵أжҲЩǳóЩ
.

ڶʮ£

ڸôأϸ룬ߴһ·ʱ͸óŶɳڻֵЩǮʱͰٻӣ
ǿ϶ûҪˣûбʲôɻӣΨһıǼױеӣӷ˳
Ҫ
ţȴӷŻȥļױҪˣӵ취ɣʵڲֻȥˡ
ܸ˭ȥոһ˵ӱܵǽһ죬ܻܲүȥɣһѾǷ˼Һܶˣ
үûҩѶѾ御ˣ
ĥ˺һһʵĽӷŻȥɣ͵͵ȥձǸΪʲôɵĳҲƭǵģﻹúõء
ĸ没˵ĻǸֳɵĴ԰ĸĲκˣձҲûټҪ˰ɣ
ͷǸûȥʱȷĸĥĵԼȴķʲôҲ벻
ϲҲͦҲڸĸ׳ģҲ˵ǲˣ
㲢Щǣͷȥոձ˽Ҳû˯϶
ٺС˯һߺ뷨ӣκտҲֻ˫Ҳգһµķ
ҹڶ㿴Ű˸ŸճԱ˵ȲˣھҪȥĻձҵڼܼܲһһйǿ϶Ҽ
ǡˣ·ԼСģҲû˼ޱߵĺڰʮֵĲġ
˵Լ嵽ڻоҵĶȻǻۣԼûͿԸһˣ
Ȳˣ¶鷳£øϿֻһΪЩ鷳¶ߵġ
Ըӿһ̾ͰȻԼŵһ̤˻ؼҵ·ǰүµģȻҪ߻ȥ
ռе·˳Ŵˮĺ˳£˰СʱܿнˣԭǰĴӡ
ΪʲôһҪҹأΪ֪ձԼҲԭһ϶ڼңҪ˵⸸һԣϳȥ棡
.

ڶʮ£ظ

ЩѸǲظŮ棬ĸ֪ԼɷŮвɲĹϵȴѡһֻ۱һֻۣԼӶܲˡ
ڶʮձͻڹѸȦعѸǸѸΪЩ˵ĴҲżȢϱˣ
ʮõձǻ˵ԼǻϵĸоִԲѵĻȥˡ
׻˼⣬ĸԶӵأûǾͲܻ֣ǲ˶˻
Ҫ˵ĸĵһӡܸɣʲôطʰĸɸɾԸԼ˼ʮ⣬ҲϹôһĸŮ˾Ҳ֪ϧ죬Żؼ˯
ʱȫģҪ֪Ǹоƺȶ˻ҪˣĸΪŮӵ㣬ǰֻҪһĸҪȲ
Ҳ㣬ľĸˣŮ˵ʵڵĿԣҲûҪ뿪˼ǰԭĸϴԡ
ĸļһߵͷעĿɴϨ˵߹ʮ·ڣһ·ȥ
ԭǰ㿴һʮͨԺ䣬ԺЩ⣬ŵĲ˶˻ٵһͿ
֪ƺɵĺ£ЩӶҲûĸĲˣ
㰴ռеĵط˳ɵİǽĸǰȴţԼĿŸˡ
ȿȡŮ˵Ŀ洫˳ȷĸˣֻʮܣ
ƺҪˮҲû´ȥһԵˮ룬õˣȴûһˮȡ
״̾˿ֱŶ룬ͻȻֵǰĸһҲΪǵ
֪ĸֻ»̲סЦļͥǵҲ˵ġ
㡭˭ĸʣɤЩ˻ƣ۾Ҳ̫ʹؽˣϸµģ
߹ȥסĸ˵Ұһˡ
һеͻȻԼ裬ǰŮЩ׽ģʮͬ
.

ڶʮ£Ƣ

ĸҲʮݣɫҲÿץֶֻͷо⡣
ĸԵʮּһ§סʵ˵˰ҹĻû۸㣿
㿪˵ĸûأǼõİɣܱҪãã۸ʲôģ
ǹôҲûؼҿһҪ鷳Ҳе࣬ʱձҪӣ˵˿ȼص
Ȱĸ£Ȼˮݸȣ
ĸӹˮȴʲôȼֺƭˣҾǵ˷纮ѣˣ϶ǸѸȥˡ
ô˵ĸɵ̾˿һֱǸѸ岻ģҲûԸĸҲҪˣ뷨ǸѸӵС
úúԼӹӵģձҲûʲôκһɲĹѸȻҪƸʲôģԼʮֳôȥҲǰ취
ĸòӣֻŮɷȴЩӳȥƵأѸҲû쵽
ûŮĸڼҵӸѹʲôۻҪԼټҪұʹԽá
ÿʱĸʮ㣬֪˵ɶҪձŮ㱻ȥ¶Ըؼҿĸܡ
ЩĸᣬֻΪӲеѹ
˵һ䣺һûձӣʵҲûкܶӣŹȿ㲡ǲǺأ
⻰ĸͷҡ˹һزأҺúϢܺˣ˷纮ѡ
ĸſѯʵ˵ԽԽůˣ˲ܷ纮ƫƫˣôܵķ纮ǲֶ㡭
ǵ֮ǰĸһ٣ȻϵԺŵ˷纮ûӦҲΪŲġ
ĸıԼӦȷĲ²ⲻȻǸйϵģ
ƫƫʱĸ˵ôյĺ
ʱĸҪ˵ܲˣ˼вͲƢˡ
.

ڶʮ£е

־סĸĶͷ̲̣ƺҲûЩأԼϢһԵʰɣ
ɣڳȥҵҩˮȺܿܺġ
Ҫ˵ǰԭҲ˵ǰûүĴ־ʲôģ˶ǳ£
ÿʱԭЩҩĸ˿ϣܺ˵ЩҪԭڵĻĸˡ
ԭ֮ҲһȶԼ׸еʮʧ㷢ԴԼӽӴĸ֮öԭ֮ǰļ䶼ӿ˳
ЩۣƫƫЩղסһ˱ȽԶĵطΪĸ˲ҩճĲҩ۵ģֳĺܴɹɵ֡
ܵΪĸѲҩˮȻ£ձûڸԼҪˣҲǵõ˽
ˮֻҪȣʱĸ϶ģϣܺձ˵ҪԼҪˡ
ڳæʱĸһԿţһֱʮ㣬λܾ֮ˣܸоЩһ
ǻڹԼҲûô໰˵ɣĸԼôš
ˮһѵĲҩȻ󰾳һˮʱˮѾ̵ɫˣȻɫһҩЧеġ
Ѱõҩˮ˸ĸҲҩֿ֭ɬǺˮһССڵţ
أҪһٺȰɣֲżʵڿȥҪĸеùȴƿȥ֡
ֻ˵û£ȾˣҵþҵӸҪӣ
ĸֻҪΪŮǵģ˼Ҳֻôȣһɫҩ꣬ҲҪؼˡ
ۿףӹĸҩúϢԼʲô¶עһ㣬ͱˣǴ㣡
㿴ǰСĳԸɷ˻֪ȥҵɣ浱ҵʳǳԲİ
ָŽϲɫʮ˵ڵĻһһģô˵ڿ϶ǲܳȥ˸ɻġ
ͻȻӽһЩӿ죺㣬Ǹʲôʲôζ𣿡
ôһ˵ͻȻ뵽ԼӳϻζͻȻе飬֪ԼúڴϢܡ
.

ڶʮ£ȼ۽

İɣҲŵϵζʵҲû˼ֻǲ֪˳ǸôԼٷԵң
Ѿ֪Ҳڣص˵ʵҲԼģ󲿷ֵĻϲŰҸˡ
ˣҿϵˣ
ˬ죬Ҫû˵ƿϵıӣֻϵѪ軹ģˣΪ˱ӡ
ƵĻڼ߰ɣǧҪȥҲҪĸǰ¶棬˼ҶʼˣǼӦҲˣǸɻ
Ҳ֪ԼڼǰȲסģԾڼߣ
ĻᶨĻصβģϾѾּˣʮĶҲûҵķݶǸǮҲǸɻˡ
ǾͺãʱɲҪ˰˯ɣ㵹Ҳûֻۣͦƽʱ˯ĵˣһʱͻȻȻ˯⡣
ҹûʲôģֱ˯Ͳһˣ첻һʲôʱͻ˯һϾͲˣ˯Ͷ
⿴ſžͻ᷸Ȼĵ˯ţΣҲʼϰߵ˯֮Լ˯
ҹȻǺܺڣǰԻܿݵģ˯Ժзαװ˯Ƶġ
ЩԼǲõģֻ֪Ҫ˯ͻе˯ž
ڶ磬緹ԼԵȥүңүŵĵһ仰ȥԼٷ
Ϊ㻹Цͽе֮ǰԼܳԷģ
үʵصջԵ£Ȼûķ˺óԣΪͽܸТʦģպҵˣȻҽѧҽ
ǵȼ۽𣿲ҵļٷӦûʦҽѧ֪ʶء
̲סЦүȻԵõ˵ȻģԺӾʰŰɣҲûʲôرĶɨɨذǱ߼ϵĻҳһ¾ͺã
Ȼûʲô飬ת֮үҴ˺üˣķƽ˾ڿҽţүҡϡ
ղͬ½˯ˣΪûʲôµԵʰɣүȻҲ˯
.

ڶʮ£Ů

עǲܰȻ˯ģŸպ۾ûү㱻󳳴ֵѡ
Ǹʮɣûµүүˣַˣȥ
ӵĻүҲһ˹Լõ⺢˳ȥүҵĴҲ˹ȥ
үǸǰͷܵǽһ찡ں϶׷ǵĲǶڴֻΪƫƧһԺͣ£
ʱſѾΧ˺üˣǶָָȴûһ˸̤ԺӰ벽ү̸
֪үʲôΧڱϵļ˵վ￴ʲôϽҸȻԼ
Ǹб˺üַڳӣĸһһȻһԺС
ȵ߽Ϳ뽫һ˸Ҳ֪Ķľţ֮ĸ˶Ʋһ
һŷŮǸӣͷõģϻմһЩѪԼë
Ա߻һֻȥĸǱҧģŮ˷ĲᣬݶҧˣѹָոǼ˶óȻԺ
ĸ˶޷ȫƷŮˣүֻԳֳһŮȥⷢŮ˵ҲԺ
ֻүҲ˵ʲô˵ŮͷϴȥһӿʮżҲǣҪôһܳȥ˱˿϶Σա
үɲ͵취ϽٷүѨλϤԼҲ֪ģ֮ǰԼоһŹ רξˣ˭ȴ
뷨ʱоˣΪ˸øƵһ뷨ϧ㻹ûѧҲǿϧүΪʲô뷨ʱ
ֻڵĸۿžҪֲסҲʼĬǧҪס
Ĭûõģ÷ĻҪֻŮ˿׼ǻ׵꣬гָ׵־ôȥʱ⺢ӱҽ
Ů˷˺ݵץǿ϶ǳ۵ģҲ̽ɵλְס˷ŮֱϵѨλʹ˴
.

ڶʮ£

үҲץʱĵطǸоŮСմ̧ͷ
㿴Ŀͻɢ۾˱˹ȥܹܵǰүڵȫһΣˡ
ֻүص̾˿Ȼʮĺ˵ǰɣ財û취˽ڼﲻȥް취ˣ
ʱ֪ԭŮǸӵĸװôأ⻹һμү޲ߵӡ
˵ʲô۵ֻһ˵ҿûʹ뿪ɣǶǶУôҲǻﲻǾأ
˵ͷʾͬүΪһȻǲ׷Լ˵ģȴʾǳͬ˵Ļ
§ԼħĸҲ֪˵ʲô㿴۾ԥ
ôҲǱ˵ĸװһô˵뿪뿪һһͻᱻκأǲʦ
Ťͷүʵ־֪Ѿʮˣκò̫˵ûģֻҪԼ
ֻүߵļϰСͽܣҪֲ¶û˸֣˵õȵе֮
үҲǶĸ׿ã˵˵öԣʱҪô׷һȥúооûʲô취˵
ллүүˣûذɣҪˡ
ƺǴֵˣĸû֮ոպүʱȫˣ⺢Լ»ȫ˵һТˡ
ȥ·үеĲɵӣʵʦĸ׵¶о𣿡
⻰үûа취⸱ü֪˳ûʲôˡ
Ȼүʮεҡҡͷʵ취еģʦүµ鼮мعһλҽרַ財ģֻλҽȥˣ
ðɡҲ˵ʲôˣؼҲϸ財¶ɣ˵ϣʵǲ̫ðġ
ڶǸˬ죬ɽ䱻һƬʵǣүıɽȥɲҩｻ㿴ŵ㡣
.

ڶʮ£

⼸ʱҲ֪һﶼʲô˻ҪץʲôҩȻүҲܷĵڼԼȥҩ
û˹ץҩ˼£ҪҪ͵͵ȥĸ׿һʱȴһʮĸ˷һ̫̫
ſʵڲڼң
ʦȥɽϲҩˣһˣλҪʲô
ĺܣӦò㱾ģǰŸ˷̫̫£̫̫Ȳ̫
ԭȲ̫Ҫҿô£ǰһ£׼ͬԼͿȵôˡ
ſһ㣬һʹ֮ɫ˵ҲҪҿһŮӻʲôϽϵܸҽгҪҿ
ǰվɫеΣǲòȡ˰ԼȻᣬĿɲٰ
ӣ㻹ȥүɣⲡֻа취һȱʮʹ·߲ˡ
Աߵĸ˶˵̬ȻĻжŵõǷʪүүø׼ɽھӰȥү
룬үǰԸģݵʱ㻹˵ţȵȾͺˣѾȥʦˣ
УȲˡ۵Ҫֻ۵˵ûˣǸҲһԿĸż
Ǹӣ۵Ļϸ綼ƿҩˮţܸܲһȥ
˵о˸һȴǿӣ̫̫ﻹǸǮɲպ
ƾܻȥ˵ҸȥһƿҲ̫
޷ȷһƿҩˮͿţ涼ʲôвҩɷ֣˵ҲУҵһƿں컨͵Ķ
ҩƿݸȷһ飬һζǶԵģû˵ЩҩˮбΪԼϥ
ӦĦȵԵʣŵɫûôʹˣֻүҲٳδ飬֪ھӻûҵ
ɽֿɴˣһһǱܿѾģҲ˵ұ˿ͿԼϱȻЩʹү
.

ڶʮһ£ʹ

Ǹ˾ľΪȵ㵹һװĦַԸ˵ûõģҽһַɣû¶࣬ٵһ㡣
ãǾͶлӺˣ˸мĿһۣóطԼȣԼһϸѧ
ֻͬϵЩҩˮȻ־ϥȥֹϥǣȶڽҪһ
㻹رԸ˽һЩϵѨλЩఴѹкã˵ȷǼԼɫͻȻĺ
ԽõƺԽֻŵϥԼȲķˡ
̫̫ԼҲۣµۣ֣ͣҲˣôԽԽʹأ
һ̣۵ģͻúܶģҡʵִǺķӦ֮ĶЩʹġ
ȴܲˣǱ׵һиͣУھ۵ܲˣ˵׻᲻˿ⲡҲˣ⿴ϹͷҪ
ֻ۵ѣԺȵʹٺܶģ𣿡
ѾͣĶ˲Ҫ˰ĦҲҪȡ
յͽܲôŰ˼Ҷ˵ſ˼ҡ
⺢е㼱ˣԼѧҽþȲ˿˼ģ
˵㰡Ҫǲоͷſ˼Ұɣû˼κãٰ˼ҵȸ໵ˡ
֪ʱץҩˣӶǷ׷ҡͷ;ںҲ⣬Ͼһհʦˣʲôأ
ŵĶϱǽֱһһүͽܣ߶̫ֲ֮ϵĺ˵
ʲôˣ˵ʲôأ
˵Żүǡýţ¨Ĳҩŵϱ㳯˹
߱˵죬Ͻ˰ƺˣһۣһҲ
үŷ·Ǽ˾ǣָ˵򰡣ͽô°˵ǸȻʹӹԽԽۣȶˡ
үɵĿһ㣬е㲻̫ţһ˼ҵȵȷǷˡ
Ĭ˺һ˵˵㣬ҽһΪʲôôȵķǴĶѧģĶǸȻʹӰ
.

ڶʮ£Ƽ

ʦԺĻЧģǰëֻǱһЩô˺þãȷǲˣǰѨλġ
Щίôҽǰˣѧ֪ʶﾹȻûͬδЩˡ
ƺʼͲнԼװĦ̸ַ˵뷨ںûɻ䲻Ÿû
ԭİϽ㣬ͽҲǳһƬİܲǾͲˣһǸŪҩϰɡ
үҲû㣬ǰ˵˾ûȻתȥŪҩҲ˵ʲôүְæ
ȻȻۣүĸҩҡҡͷҲٽʲô
ʵҩ˵Ҳα겻αҩİλ֮Ʒʽƺֻҩ
Ÿ˿ǮɶϱˣүҲû࿴һ۱ץҩʲôҲˣԼվǱе޴롣
үǶԼеˣðɣոνĺģ
ֱһλץҩ뿪үһֻۣɫ࣬ˡ
ôʲô¾Ķðÿ˶ǲһģǷãڱϾδˣ
үı鿴еʧ֪ԼרѧĶʲôʱ¾Ķʵе㲻ģֲ֪θү⡣
ǰѧʲôЩȫ¸ѧҽ֪ξˣ´ҿɾҪˣ
Ҳ˵үԼҪ˵Ļȥɹ²ɻؼҵĲҩˣүҴеû취ԼʵѾѧʮҽˡ
ǲɵĲҩүڴɨ˵ɨˣȥɽϸҲҩһֻҪͿˣ
߹ȥһүеİƺ͵ػƣ˹ϸۺкű¨ɽȥˣɽСҲһЩ
ԼѧĶϿʵƼˣүԼٶԱʲôֻʵʵСѧͽˣ
ĵطǰɽүҪİƵػƣӦǶɹˣҪٲɾҪȥԶһĵطˡ
.

ڶʮ£ÿ

Ŷȴʲôϸ΢СѵļҺɽ·Ҳؼҵķˣ
˳˹ȥ߸ߵȴ˵һĻֻһŻĸڵϣ޽ǵͷˮʪ
ѪӸ߸ߵ¡һ֪Ǹии߻иŮСòеø
˳ȥСŮһһӷĿ㣬л˵ʲôˣվǲ
㽫Լı¨¶͵ɽµĴɽϲҩģƺѲˣÿѺȻͶĺӶΣյģ
СŮһô찡Ҳûдô϶ҼҷҲû취ɽȥҪɽҸɣҸӡ
ô˵СŮ˵óһӵݸ㣬ôһ˲ɻǮ˼ҵķôɽҰ
ҲǾʱ㿴һ۽µɽ˵ģҽ˽ֻӻŲסҪŵùҾҲ˵Ǹġ
ɽУҴˣСŮҲ֪ò㣬ؼʱ̻ò˶˵ͷλðҽһҪסҵĺӣƽұл
Ȱ㰲ȻĽ˵İɣ±¨ʼò
Ӷͷȳò˵ĺȴǽҪȳСֿסøȷɣ
ͬʱҲţŸ˰Ħһ壬һҪ˽˺һһӤɽص
ˣ㻹֪μأɽЩĶСŮ˰ذף
Ҫذһʱ֮仹治֪ǺãСŮɴԼӵĴӹϣȻ󱧸ĸ˿
쿴ǸСӣĸүˣ
źӸ¶һ˿ȰЦ⣬ȽϹעò˵ŮӸ꺢Ǻģ䲻Ժëġ
СŮ˵취ҸůĵطŰɣɽбƫɽ컹ʪأ²ģ
.

ڶʮ£ɽȥ

СŮźӿԼҷЩ֪ǺãǸ˵ͷɽǰɣСԼһҪӣٷɽġ
ԣţɽȥ
¨ãתͼҴҵɽߣ
ɽʱȴ֪Լ׸ȥ˭ϾԼʶŮҲ࣬һ˵ܲٲܲٱ㵽ɽ·ĿɽժҰ˵Ļ
ҲоͦȣּֿտյĴɽ֣ͦʵϱֿտյɽȥѽ
ɽҩģɽѲĸˣҰ˺ӣ꺢ӲԼɽⲻ׼ҼŮ˰ɽϽ
һ£¶ŮӲǴİɣû˵˭ϱ˰Ҷܵɽϸȥ
¹ĸģǿôܲȣڴʶ˲࣬鷳ɩӰ˰ɡ
ĻûúеŵһҰҲҪˣڶ˵Уȥ˼ңʲôˡ
ɽҰޣѪζȥˣͻȥˣܿͻҵǵģ
ôһ£һǸСŮǵȷ˲ĵģͻͷжһȥˣһɽϿǸȥ
СŮһֱעܵĶһ˻ʱʵôԼˣҵأ
·ˣȥˣɽޣҷĲǻŵ㡣
ԭлˣ
СŮҲƾɱһ񣬼СŮģ̲סʵҿҲɽˣô
˵ˣǱһ·׷ɱģľͲˣҿҲɽˡ
ò˫Ưĵ۶㣬ҲǷʿžͲһũŮӣǴ·Ҳˡ
ȴЦЦǷΪĶˣʵҾɽĹֻʶü֣ϵЩҩԿǲ̫һɣ
Ҳ֪Ǳ˭׷ɱҲʣ֪ԽܶԼԽá
.

ڶʮ£л

ûȻżµĸ˹ڵϵò˽겻ѣƯ˿϶⸽ġ
ǻְ˽ŵĽ˴˴ͻȻ˸İˣǻǸеܺģǣһμôƯŮˣ۾ҪƲˡ
ʱҲ¹˭ֻҪһֱ˼ҿӶᱻСݺݵۣ峤ˣһŮӵŴ֪ǸȻǲҵ
ò˾һ˾סͨ峤ֻĸûǸλůůӡ
λ˵һλ˼ҵķˣΪʲôܵɽȴʼղ˵峤ҲʶȤĲʣ⸾˿ǵҪлģ
Ҫ⸾˺пֱܾһʬˣʱ¿û뵽Ȼôб£Ҫ֪Ѳûʲô취ġ
Ҳ֪жŮΪѲȥ㾹ȻѲ˳ºӣɲ˸߿
峤ϾǸˣòͣã˵˼仰뿪ˣֻлԼŮСչŸˡ
Ҳ֪⸾Ҫãôȴһֻһ߱˹ſЩ˶ǼҶģ
Ӧò˵ɷѰˣ
Ҳûв´СΪ׵ĳ˷ܵĸߺ
үأ
ƼС̾ߴСʵС䣬أô
˺ܺãһ˸СӣϢأλѲķ˽Ȼ
Сָ㣬仰㽫ǵľվ˳ǽһľûֻԼ˾ҪѲˡ
Ӷû˵ü͸һӣϵ˵лҼҷ˵ľ֮ʵΪΨһЩ֮лܹ⣡
üȴӣҲû˿ףӹһӣͦ˵лͲˣǱ˶ְһѵģӾ͵Ҹ˽ķðɡ
Ȼ仹Ǻ˶డȽȥҷˣӿпһ䣬ȻűȽϰԵʣ˽ȥõͷ
.

ڶʮ£ǲɵ

ӺͷǶվſڣǵòٴڴפۿҲǣǮ˼ҳŶôɣǼᶨҪ޽Ǯ˼ҵľģ
ﵽײǼңҪԼ˻ؼң˼ҷͷִĽˡ
ڻЩԼĸжã
ǰǸߵǰлҽԼͷϵ㣬Ժ鷳ȥԬǣ
˿յﶼʮۺ죬еĴⱲӶûʲôоģȻĽĲˣ
ֱǶԷ򸾴źӺƺƵ뿪ҲɢȥһƻĶеǮԼӡ
ϱǼ˸л񰡣Ǯǹҵģ¿Ƿˣ
Ҫ㵽׵˶ӣ᲻֪ǵ뷨ǮӸ˵֪أһҪͷģ
ɽȥҲҩ˹ˣҩøүɻ
ɽɽҩؼɫ඼ҪˣҲϸ꣬ͷҪʪˣ
ɵ㹻İƺ͵ػƣŲһ¨ҩؼʱүȴûкܸˣǽӹеĲҩ
ү߱˵⺢ǲɵ˻֪ҪȾ˷纮ֵĳҼҵĲҩ
ͷûˮ£û£һСˣһ²ҩɲʦҪˣ
ţҩûɴ˵ȥɽϵʱ˸Ǯ˼ҵķ˹ﶼ촫ˣѲķ˳ºӵģ
үǺ֪ģһȻŮӵ£һѲ˶ҵģʵҲûʲô취
Ҳİ龭үҲûʲôĵطиɣôţҲãѲûôأ
үǶıһЩ˵ҲˣҺúý㶼ѧЩʲôƺСıˡ
Ҳǣ֮ǰ˵ĻеˣҲѧɲţѧôҲ˵¾Ķ
ðͰ֪ģѧĶʦúһģʲô²¾İɣҾֻҪܾĶǺҽ
.

ڶʮ£ȥ

үҲ⻰ͦеźĵͷСˣݲԼͽѧҽ붼Ǿõģαطֵô
һүҲûʲôˣٶԼҽҲͦĵģճүԼˡ
صҷȻõģߵſڱŵζˣŵζöˣϲ̳˹
ڻˣ˵飬˵׿ˣ
һͲҪ£֪ԭҲԼ˵ˣǸո÷ˣֽ֣Ŀȴ
ϲԼĵܵ˵һˣϴֳԷȻٽЩ°ɡ
ϲ˵öԣȥϴֳԷɣҲˣǶ˵ģͷЦЦԣٸ㽲Щ°ɣ
õסνֻҪϸЩˡ
Թ㻹еۣӦ˱»ҪģɽϷֽһ飬ʵ˶㶼еýˡ
˵ʱϲ˵ȴûã±ȥ˯ˣͷˣڰ첻ôڼң
һӾرھ׼ʱ˯ˡ
˯ŽŲĽıøʵҲûǸǮأֻһ򿪣澹Ȼһӣмʮɡ
Щȴûжı鷴Ӧʮ򶨵˵˳ֻͦ󷽣ô˵͸ˣһӣԼһ飡
µѽʱóԺʳˣ˵㴺Ǳ߻ûκϢƹ²Ǳؽ˰ɡ
Ьϴƣӣȴ㴺£Ҳ֪ƹ񵽵׷ʲôߵʲôˣ
˵㴺С˵˵ҲõĲˣͲѪûеҲûʲô󰭣ȥҵ¶ˡ
֮ǰ˼ʳɻţڻȥ𣿡
Щźҡҡͷ㲻ڼҵʱһʳɻǸСһˣ˵ƹµˣҾͲȥˡ
.

ڶʮ£Ь

ǣũ߶ˡ㻹Ҫ˸ũҪͷȥϿܲ´µĳ
֪ũЩΪ׬˼ӣҲ࣬Ҫµũ߾ֻܳǮ˼Ҵ
ϷѺ˹öͦߵģûеõǱʷ񱨳֮ǰ˸ȥԼȥµũߣ
Ȼһȥأˣ˸Щֻһԡ
ģеͣԼܸʲôȥҷ¸ҲֻǱȽԶһиʲôϻҲ㡣
ţչֻǸʡߵĹߣܵģ˵ʱЩ㣬뾡׬Щӻؼң
˶ڼҵĻӾԼڼңû˸ĸҲУ˼ȥֻȥɵĴֻȥ
û£ȥ´µũ߳òͦΣյģǰ컹ϻҧ˵ˡ
⸱ģĲɵʱദҲǲ֪ȡˣֻʵûʲôֵõ
ֻί߸ڵ紵ɹǼͭ壬ũ߶ûˣȥɻѣ
òƴһũҲҪʱİɡ
ˣһȥ԰ɣֵҪ﹤ǵҵũ˼Ҳ඼ҪæˣҴԵʱԼСĵҲʲôġ
Ļ㲻ÿɷҲ֪ͷ˭ȥ԰ȸŪ˵ģҲһֱڼҴţȥȥɣ
㽫ѾӶźãȴͻȻһ£ſ˵ˣů֮ɽϵ߳ϻģͷҸҰɣŵۻЩĶЩ
ã⻰ůģûϸµΪء
˵ˣŵ˫СЬֹӵЬҲµˣһҿеæˣ
ҪĻͷҸµҲУҴһ㶼õϵļȥ׬˳־ġ
ǿʲôɵҲȥ
룬˼ҵĺӶǴԼЬӣϲ϶Ҳ룬ԼҪǲһ˫ǻ᲻ܰ
ӦòᣬϾر£ʵԼҲ̫Ьӣ˼ҵ˵ﺢЬҲֻǿ׻ˣɲ˼ȥԼЬ
.

ڶʮ£

뻹˫ˣϲӦû֪ԼôæҲΪ˼ܺùһ㣬㻹ǽȥѧģ
˯֮ǰ㻹Ժȥɽϵʱŵ㣬Ȼ岻֪Ϊɶƻָĺÿ죬һǸûһ¶ġ
صã֪ˣϽ˯ɡ
˯ǰԼǲ˵ѾԼˣ
˯⡣
ڶһȥүʱԼɽȥˣڼҴҲͦģҪȥɽҲҪȥ棬ˣ˼֮˽ȥԣ
Ͼŵһʷ񱨳Ѿ˾֪Ǵļ˱㲻˵ˣ˶ǣûв˼ģԲһһ
үʱѾݺ˲ԼˣүʾԼ棬ʦͽ̸֮Ϳʼˣ
үһڲˮſڱ˵˵˵ҽ㶼Щʲôɣ˵һûк˽أֻ֪ǿˡ
ðɣ뿪ǸˣֻﻹǼ尾ҶʵһЩѨλԼһЩвҩ֪ʶдϿģдӱ˿֪ģҲ֪һЩ
ֻеı˶ǲˣ
ԣСˣҽѨλҿѧûд˵һЩҩϰԡ
үֻССĿһ㣬ȴûˣི˰ʱڼүһֱڰûд
ԽԽˮƽȫǰˣҲǽ֪ǰĸ÷ˣ˿ڵģ
ҲѹչʱǼ죬֪չ˺һˡ
һһЩҽ֪ʶ豭Ĳˮһүһֱ˵úúãԼĿⶼһˡ
үĿͻȻЩܲ˼˵ڵˮƽҶ̲֪ʶˣ⺢ҽϺ裬ʵڲɽ
ȥ棬ҽܻӵĸ߳ʱΪһҽҲָտɴϧ˿ϧˣ
ϧ㲻ֹҲȥ磬ҪչˣүǸŮӱ㿴ƾѧҽ츳ܰڶѹȥ
.

ڶʮ£ץС

㵹̹ȻЦЦʵȥ϶ҲܵģֻĿǰѡ
㱻£үֺĿ㣺˵һҽôҲڶԼôͻᱻˣ
ҵʱûгȥ˿һֱչ˵ĶףΪλᱻ£Ҷûʲô֮İɣ֮ҲһֱţҲźһ㡣
ĻүҲǵ˵ͷ⺢ѰʱǸݹģҲŵүˣʱ֪Űˡ
֪ˣôʣȺˣǡʱҲڼң۸Ǹģͺˣ
뵽Щүָ̾˵⺢Ҳ󰡣ʱô㶼ûֻˣѲк󸣰
ͻȻᵽ㵹һ˵ʵǴûͷԼ䣬һ벻ˣҲ֪Լʲô
үҲȤӾԴϿ¶֮ǰֻʦү鼮мأû뵽ԺҵͽܾȻӵģ
ʦүԽ֮ԼǼЩ̫õļΪãԼû취Լָϣүԡ
үصУһΣԣ˵׼ļʲôʱͻˣΪ˵ðյģ
֪Ǹѧţһָ;бɸɵǲˣүԸ£οֻһˣֻҪΣľͶ㲻ʲô¡
Ǻðɣ˵ͷطѨкܴӰģܰŪɵķӣҲܰѷκñɸˡ
ʦͽ˴ӲҩѨλģһ̷·˵ĻһҲûʲôǣȻ㻹ǾͬԼҽҩʮֵÿĵ顣
ȻүҽҩرҲֵѧϰĵطʱ˶ʦͽ꽻̸֮үʮָ˵ġ
һľʹĵ磬㿴ʱ䲻磬ûؼҸŸү˹ҽ̸ӻͦδģ
صʱѾðˣѾˣԼǻеˡ
߽ſŵζȻ˵ĳǷǳõģȥɽץСˣ
.

ڶʮһ£Ҹ

߽һڷŹ⣬һԴߵӣϲڰæһĻЩܰա
һɽץ𣿡վڳſڳһ䣬ͽ֪ˡ
е˵ĲҲˣҰҰЩҲʼˣץһֻȽ׵ģ
ôץӵģǱıܺܿ찡ڵ廹ǲҪ̫˶ĺã˵ܲ׷ӡ
ҪЩɽ壬ڶȥ鿴ûջã
ش𣬱ʮּ˵Ҹ㽲ˣһֻһСʯͷܶǣȻþܲˡ
˽⵽龭Цаû뵽㻹أץֻҰҰûʲôˡ
ͷʢŽȥϴ֣һǾͿˣ
ûǺ±ߣԷʱԵЩ̻ʣֻ˵ĳ̫ˣ㶼ƽҪһЩ
һĿڳԵ㣬ȴ֪ڵŷϡջ𣬷˼֮òԽԽˣ֮ǰһǼԵ⣡
Ũζ˱Ƕ˾þɢȥǸԲеķԼϡ࣬ûԷҪȻͰˡ
ʰ꣬㿴ʵ׼ȥѽȥɽС𣿡
ͣӵĶĿרעĿ㣺ǰȥץֻȻ壬ܲܲԵʲô
ãȥɣ粻æĻ͸ϻӦþܿˣ
˵㵹ԼЩױȥˣ֮ǰ˺ļ·ǲܴˣԾǲȴջŸҳɡ
òϲҲǵɽܣһЩǵ֮ǰ·ʱ˼ƹ͸һһң
ӰҪˣͷҩٸǴţȥɽ־Ͳõ߳ˣҲԱҧǡ
ȥүʱǴߵģүұʵʦܲһЩҩĸӺң
үֵĿһۣҸʲôһүǻ
.

ڶʮ£˵

ⲻǼũ߶ˣҲܸ˵﹤ȥˣֻܵɽԻǮؼңҲȥ
ҵɽ߳϶࣬ҧǣŪۻưЩĶǴţ
ŶԭҪʲôԼȥþˣҼǼĶػҪȥʳأһԼҲûʲôʱ䡣
ү߷ҽߺ˵Żһ˳˸˿ﻹʮĶҪܣΨһĶҲؼңһͷֻñ˸ԼɵĻˣ
һ굽ͷӵ˰ԼֵҲһʲСĻү˿һͨׯںӻʲôͲ˵ˡ
ŴûʲôץҩԼȹϵĲϷ˸ҳȻ߳ϵĲҩ
̫ү㽫ĲҩɹһٵԼĸ첲ᣬĪС
˵ҪʦҰ㰴ұ֤ļ򰴺ˡ
үֵĿһۣ⺢ڴȤʦ𣿲ҰҲ޷
˵ԼļʾԸˣߵү򼰱Ѩλѹһƣ͡
һүȻ泩۾һܵ˵˵ַͦģȻеۣҶ㰴Ѩλĵطһƣͣһܲˣ
үЩ˾ſϧ뵽˸ϱСӸðۿҪྡˡ
ǰɡүż֮仹үļӸУ
ƣл֮үҪȥæˣоŮѲΪһ£ÿ겻֪жٸȥҲ֪жֱһʬ
ԼҲû취ϾԼǸƵרҵҽ޷֪Щи̥λ֪һִҩúӱԤ裡
ֶɲóãϾһΣԡ
ʱү˳ΪֻΪүҪԼóԵĻؼҸӺԣ˵ɶҪ
ԼݸʦûúТһֱöȥԣô˵أүҪûҪ
.

ڶʮ£˰

ؼҵ·㻹̧ͷϦǰϲʱȥɢɢ·ӱʱȴںӱ߲֪ڸ
ֱĻе㲻Ծòʲô벻ҪѰ̼ɣ
뵽㳯˹ȥļ˵ɩӣô㲻ؼҳԷӱ߸ɶûɡ
ﵱȻһҲûУҲͱԹˡ
ﱻͻĳ־һ£ͷС¶ŨصĽ֮ɫ
ֻ˵ʵϱ㣬㿴ôǲĺܳ󣿡
ôأҾͦõģҪЩֻòȡ˵ļһƽϣ˭˵˰
Ϊص鲻ˣе㲻ӦǱż˰ɣ˶ֻȽ֣ĵͦá
ƭҵİɣ˵ãΪʲôɷô䵭ʮֵĲϲңֻҪһìҪɷߣ
ŷֻʮֵûŰ˵Ļš
Ĭ˺һĳ˵ɩӰҪסһ仰˶˶ԵĶɴˣ㲻ãЩֻһ˵˵˵ĺû
ǿһǴģӦÿĵص飬ȴֻò˵㲻ã㲻Ĳã
ͷĥһĻ֮ƺûôѹˣɻǴͷɥ˵ҲӵģǰݿƯˣԴ˺
ӵʱԵĶ̫˰ɣԼθڴٳԵ᲻ȽϺã
뵽ڼҲҲмֵģԼصĻǿרҵԱæһ£
ֻĴԴҡ˹ƵģܰɣǰˣȻҲЩöҲڳְҲ˾ܳЩõʳȻҾˡ
¶£ָŻҪҰѸǲǱʲô⣬ŵĹҵĻ
⻰۾û˵㳯֣һĿǻصҵȻŵù ǸѲķ㶼ƽ¶ӣ˵ҰѸˡ
⻰˵㶼˼ˣ滢˵Ǿöѣ´ѲľͲһܾˣұ˵Ķ˼ˣ
.

ڶʮ£Ҫʱ

ֻ֪ǫѣҵô𣿡һȲӿ㣬۾ϣͷˣ۾ĺÿ峺׿ɼҲǸɾġ
˺һŻڵе飬ᵼ·֣ⲻص㣬صĳθãһЩö¶ﲻղͻڣʹ㷢֣
ĻͷûǰҲ඼ǶŶӹģθͲ̫ˣôҲһֱû˼ҵθֵģ
ţ͵ȰθãҲθҲ󣬳ԶԼҲܰɣ
⻰˵˻Ŀˣ·Ѿҽεϣ˷ܵ˵ǵģΪصԭҲɢԸҳԶˡ
ҪҰһΣҪȽϳһʱ䣡Ͼ˼ҲаԼģֿϵĲ֢вεĵ
ǣֿ˵һضûϵֻҪ׽ã¾ҵ£ұ֤ܰľͰ㣡
һЦ滢ȥͷϵһƬҶصУȻؼҺúóԷ˯ҵĥһθҪô
θ˻ϵЩ֬Ҳ취һӵģǱȽ鷳ĵٸɣ
ǽһĻĴӺӱվߡ
ˣԺҲɩˣҽκգԺֻܽҽͺãҾͽã˵ֻиܵܣûнأ
￴ʮҪãԴҲˣҲúͦͶԵɴպԽˣҲ˸һ˵ˡ
оκ⣬˵ĺ㲻뵽һʫлƽݡ
֪յĵܵǲǽأòҲпܣ
һֱڳ˼̲סˣ㣬˻˯ʲôأ
ŶⲻǴүʱϻһ˶ںӱ߲֪ɶҾȥʣȻ֪ΪԼ̫еѹء
Ȼǲа취ԼеĲ뽲˳ֻĵͷ¶ˣֻȽ鷳Ҫʱѣ
.

ڶʮ£ܰͰ

ܰͰһѰɣҿЩҲ̫ùһ˷ìܱ˾˵ǣĻʵɽɩͦȳƵģ֪ôˡ
Ҳû˼ȻȴץסһҪ㣬ɫζĿ
ЩĪĬһʮֲʵôˣôʲô
ƺͦɩӵġôһ仰ЬϴˣԼûע⵽ԼղŵǾ仰ζжء
һֱиǲôˣΪʲôͻȻԼԼˣЪϢҲȥ
ûʲôˣҲ˯ڴˣ˯ĵطһ£˯ڴ棬˯ڴˣ
ʵʮֲϲ˯ڴڲ࣬ҹ´ԼһµطȻͷؽһҪĴ˯
ڶһ𴲱㿴վԼſڵĻҲ֪վ˶ˣЦ
վ˶ðҲһ㿪ţЪһɣ
Ż˼ţҲ֪ҾһӣʱӺ˯Ҳȥˡ
ֻڴʵ㰡Ǹβķ˰
˵ͷصĻص취УڸβĹлõرƷ˵Ǹθ׼ʳƷΡ
ҪһЩƽʱԵʳЩܹ󣬲Էģϵ㻹ңǲӵģ
ʳθҪӣ滹ҪҩҪܶӡ
ᶨĵͷĺˣӵԼ취ֻҪͺãģ
׼ˣ⼸⵽ܶ˵İۺŻоһҪɡ
һͷиӣʳд˵ķʽųԡ
ãһȥ׼ӡ˵ӻ۾мֳݣֶȽӷ׷֣ܸ㶫Լ㻨ǮԴԺҲɲǻˣ
ǴԼҪӵʱ﷢ǶԼǰˣʵֵֻĹϵΪԼһǮ׬ˡ
.

ڶʮ£

Ÿʱ˭˭˭ҵСϱȣ˼ϱôܸ֮ĻܵίɷɷҲԼԼ
ӻǹˣл»صȻᣬԼҹҲҪ
Ѽʰүûбīֽ⣬ү⻹Уø㣡
ֽдһܳԵҩүɻʵ㰡ǿʲôҩ˭Եģ
Եģθã׼ŪθҩʳһԣʳƣŷܰθԺˣ
ʦͽϵǻһүĶ㣬ʦһΪү
ʳֶǵһ˵ģͦģүԴҲȤ׼Ż᲻ĳųͺˣ
дһѵʳҩֹֽʵһҲͦģֻһûԼһ룬ͷҪȥðһס
ɣ˻룬͵ʦ͸һɣ
ǾллʦˡүЦЦԼ治֪ȥĶһ
˵õʳƵĵ֮˵ͳＯȥЩʳģ绢ӵŭɱү㡣
˻űô°κôһˣܳܺȵθʲôë㾹Ȼһ߰㶫żȥ
㵱˭Ƿ˵Ҫ濪ҩҲˣĶɶȫʳ͹㻹ôԣ˵ʲôⲻǻ㣡
㿪ڣү˵ûŪʲôɽϱθðԺȺòԼĻ㲻ţ˵ܸ˰ɡ
үֱѡ㣬˵»ûʲô˵ˣ˵ģ
үܸܲһɣҪô˵ֻ±˿˵ǴϹ˵
ܽ˵֣űŷҪֻṩһѣǲһֱ˵òûˣ
ҲǸҪˣݲüŴκβĻϵ㷹ҳԻҽɶʱκ˰⵱Ӱˡ
.

ڶʮ£Բ

췢ĵӸҿҿûɩһͭ壬ֲϣʲô
ŵɤӱסһ˵仰ǰûõһģ˼Ҹʲôأ
˺ˣû¾ͻȥɣҲȷһˣ㿴ߵ·ʹģ̫˶Ҳã˻ܰ︺
ϴҲǻ˵̫ˣڼҳ˳ʲôҲɲ˵¶ҿ㵱ʱͦİ
үһǳ֤˻žϱ̫ˣ䲻Ļ˵Ǿ˼ҹԲܸˡ
а취̫ӣſҲǱŤҪôͱ˼ңҪô˼ҪͱӻӶ࣡
űȲү仰˵Ļˣֻ뿪үҡ
˺Ҳû鷳ֻǺͻĹϵ˲٣ǻʳθĵˣһ绢һЩʳſڡ
㻢ʵ㣬ԺҿɲԽҵĳãһڼЩ߰Ķԣóˣ
ðɣãŵĹϵ⵽ز𣿡Ż߽ԼҳԼԵʳʳȫŵ
̾˿˵Դһ˼ȥЩʳ֮ž͸ֿҲ˳ۣҲʵûа취˲ҽã
û£ǰҲҲʯĥԼľù˵ɷ򲻹ܹ𣿾ȥ
ӡɽƺһֱһȽ䵭ӣԴһʮָģȻĲÿ
ĻͻȻһ˶ǿˣлصǰǸģȻʮˣֻȰ˵סŶѣֻȰһ̣
ǺðɣҼԣ˵Ҳмʱˣܸоθһ˰ɣ
ʹĵͷܵס˵ԸоڱãоٶȻͦģЩǲǾٳһʱˣ
˵µģθ˲һ˾ܲˣԺҪעԼθǧëˣ
ʹﲻ˵Ҳܸоʵͦ뻨ԼɷôӵģŻɫ붼ܸожѹ
.

ڶʮ£

һλĵ˵ĺˣܹĻһӱϧԼģ֤ƯƯģ
һͶģʱҲİһĿڵӿƽ
ȻԶֻһүҳ㱻סȥ·ſڱ˵ҲһˣǲǸøҵˣ־ôдģ㲻˰ɣ
Ź˻£ֹӿ϶٣ֻҸͭɣ˵ϴξȵǸǮ˼ҵķ˿Ǹ㲻ӵģֱһλҵʮΣ
黹Ϊ֮ǰ˵ǵ㱨꣬Ϊ˼ͳͣˣԭרŵȵµ׺øԼǵ㱨ҲҪȥ
־дһٱ٣ֻиҪӵķݶǾԼˣȨ涮𣿡
ŻдôأôһȫȻҲ뻹ծϵǮǮҪ¶
ԺԼ㹻һʻʮˣģ
ȴǻˣ㲻ôӣ㲻ôοǻǷҵġ
յһ仰˼Ǯʱӣ˼ҪǮʱǴүھǺߣֻҪһԸ꣬ļĵĸܵðˣ
룬Ҳ˵ˣ㿪˵ҪӺôһؼȥðɣܴԶ
˵Լȥ۾ݺݵĵ㣬ҪǴҹģ֪˻ΪŸĿҪƤĶأ
صóʮӵݸҲǱСĿˣӹٺٹЦſ㡣
Ǯ˰ôҪ뿪¶ˣʮͿˣ
ĵĿһ۱ƲĿ⣺ΪҪڻסһͲˣôڻҵӡ
һͲأ;ðۣ¸ҪҶʮӣûеĻҾ͵ѻˣ
вĿǶ˵ǰһھסСݣǵطһһģ˷ﲻۡ
.

ڶʮ£˿ڷ

̫ˣҶҼҷӶʲôֽŵĻŲҴȥ٣׸
޷в㣬Ķôñ۸İ
ԽԽ̫ˣÿκ򽻵һûƼԼĸ첲Զ߻ӡ
ˣϽȥץĸ첲һ£Ǳץģε̾һ
ǣСһ˼ң˵ʵĲҩ˿ڷס
۲۰ôôСģ⼸Ū˻Դ֮ĿԼǰҲ֪ôˣɽϴȻҲ˻ؼҡ
ûòץС׷Щץڻᱻץҧˣ
е㲻ˣϽ˵ûµģһС˶ѣҲ۵ģ㿴ҽ׬˶ӻ
ΪһӣԼﻻӶУκӲˣٶĳ˵Һ˵ģҪҲûԼҪ
ѾǲԼǵڼθǿˣκ˾ǲ£ﱻץ˾ǵС˶ѣȫ֪Ƕצ࣬׵˿ڸȾŧ
Ҳ֪ڿȮ֢ļʮֵǵģվһ߲˵ϲ۾ϵ֮佻ţ
ϲվ˵Ҳǵ㣬ڼҺúЪ죬׬Ҳˡ
ϲʶֻҪһ˳ԱůӾ㲻ˣûҪرӣһܹúõģ
ҲܣһҪͷϲܹ
Ҿϲ˵ĶԣҲˣҪЪɣ㽫ֱϵ˿ڰסĴ˸ᣬŪ
ҲǿƵˣ㲻ȥȲȥˣʱôˣ˭Ҳû˵ʲôȥԺ
㱾ΪֱϵιͻģȻûУΪЩҩԵһһҩҲûֱҪõļ
Щãɲʲôü㲻ɵЩżץĺצϲɾ˿ڸȾˡ
.

ڶٰʮ£ȥ

㲻Ҷൢ飬үҪЩ׵ҩĻȣһɬҩ£ݵǵ˵ģûµģ
Ⱦ˻˵û£֪ʲô죬еҩŵϡ
Ϊģ˵ҪҲȥˣȥҵɰɣ󣬿Ըȥ
컹Ǳȥˣ첲һٲˣۼڻЩǮΪ˵ˣ
̫Ѿˣ·һˣø׼·
֮ǰЬǸˣҲͦϲͲòʲôˡ
ʵΪһС˿ڶȥԲȥɻеסģرÿ쿴㶼ôæԼȴֺµʱ
ΪһôԼϱæҺڣڼӵģʵϲ˿ץҩҲû˵ʲôˣֻҪĵá
ԼֲĻ˵ûʲôҲ˵ˣûȵػͷȴڿԼ˵Ŀⲻɱײˣ
ε̾˿˵òѽڼЪѣȥҲ㡣
ֻ³һֱҲû˵ϲȥ棬Ȼǰһ
ԥڻǿ˵Ҫɴͱȥɻ˰ɣڼҸҴҲͦõģһؼҾܳԵȺķˣͦõģ
˵ʲôڼҿһڼҴԼӳȥͷ¶׬ǮңȥǻᱻЦġ
Ļһ£Ȼ󷴸кͿֵܱĺԣ˵һЩ
ҲùʲôӦԼŤͷŤ˵ôҲڼҴӣҲȥɽϴԾˣ
ıӰһΪԼǲǲʲôþȻߴڴ˿ʮί
ίİɣϾһ˾ȻԼϱҪڼҿδҲ̫˼ĺˣ
̫ĺûбֵôǿƣָܵıӰƻ㿴Ҫϵ˸ɻүæֻʣˡ
.

ڶٰʮһ£

ҪǰҲˣںеĻԼڼʲôҪ˵ڼҿӰɣĻۻ׬˼Ǯͱȥˣ
Ҳһڼҿʲô°
¹զ˵ǲͬ⣬Щ˵ӣҲ֪һʱ֮޷ܣҲûһĺ˵Ѱ˼ʱ俼ǡ
ûԼƢˣ׼Ϩ˯ˣȴȻǰûҪ˯˼
˵ҲһҪ˯ɴϨԼţļԼ뵱ͥе뷨
ΪԼһͻԼû취վͲڼҿˣûһʱҲЭ
ͷһֻѾ˯ˣģȭͷԾ߬ˣ־ûˣ
žϲͱϲɣʵΪֹˣ֪ԼϵŮǸбµˡ
һ£һڼҴǾһˣô󣬶ʮû˵ĸԼڼҿԼϱȥ׬Ǯġ
Ϊһδ̫ʧˣ޷ܣҲŲ棬Ҫôǰ֪˸ǵȡЦ
ΪƵǰҹ˯ţŶǰ۵Сְֺޣرһѣְѳ㡣
ôȥܹŸոͱһϤϤѣ֪Ҫϴˣװû˯ѣ
ȵ㴩·ڴϵĳ˻ûж³˺ӣɴֱſ˵ˣȥ緹ˣȥүҪˡ
ůĶߣƤ˲ȴɲ˸㡣
а취ЭֻȻ˵һٷҳˣҾͲ緹ˣϴȥү˰
֪һԼԾȥæҲ֪ԼĶģǲװ˯ˡ
һµӴЩĿ㣬Сǰ˴Ҳĺܣа취Լû취
㿴Ż˵ҪңΪʲôɵʲôһ㶼ܾأôͲԸˣҪ֪һϵˣӦŽһĲŶԵĲ𣿡
.

ڶٰʮ£̲ס

ҲҪʲô£ȥջ𶼿ԣһڼҿްŮӸ顭
Ŀ㰡ĺ𣿡
˼صȻʳˡȻģǵĿġ
ܺã⺢ҲҵĺӣҼȻǵĸ׾͵չǶ԰ɣ
Ȼ
ʲôҪչ˺ӣҽǶдչǳԷ£Ҫʲôأչ˺໥ģϾĺӲôΪʲôֻҪһ˴أ
ͷԼĽѾӣһʱ֮Ҳ벻ʲôۡ
Ҫ˵Լ׬Ǯңڵȷûʲôܸڵȣ˻һ£׬ǮңڼҴƺҲ
е㿹ܣڴ϶Ҳὲ
ˣϴ˰ڴϵ˵úÿһ£Ҫˣ캢ǵ緹ͰиˣŶ
ĺӣǲܲӵġ
үʱѾвһĹˣǼү뻺һʹġ
һũæʱȱľָ첲һɻ۵ˣҪҩһ£һ֮ҪúϢģֱܵæ
˲úϢҲûʲôЧˣǶʱĻƣͺʹ
үҲ֪Щׯũæʱڿ϶ǲŵģöĶ䣬ҲͲٶ˵ʲô
үԱ߿ʩ룬һǸ첲ҪϺһοæ˵ʱ˻ͦ࣬үԵЩæ
ʱү۾תתλʮ͸첲ϥ۵Сϵ֮˴յǰүһ۵ĵĶЩƣ
һļӵ˶ܹˣŵſڣܵ˰ɣүȻЩչ˲
ϸ磬ܲȸһҲˣһϵɻأ
һڶмĲںӵȲˣϣүȸ˸첲Ȼǰȵ˿ɾ̲סˡ
׷׿ڵûֵأ˶û㼱ʲôһɶǵлҪɵģƾʲô֮ǰү첲
.

ڶٰʮ£б

ǣҪôõĻɴҶҪŶˣ˭¼˭
۳ŶҪүæǣǸŲĵĺҲԹԱ죬վڶĵš
Ҫɣ㰡ģҲûʲôѵģȥɻɣ
ү֣߹ȥǺӱ㼱ҴҵĿڵϸ磬һǵȻɡ
ʵǾһհʦûµͽܿ϶үĺãԻǵһɣǸˣҲ˵ʲôƯ
ԴӱϾĿãԼĸ첲ĸܣ
үҲһ۾Ϳ͸⺺ӵ˼ļЦЦͿĺˣҪûǱҿ϶Ҳôʲôǻ֪𣿡
⺺ӻǰŰɵģĿү֮תƣƺòү˵Ļ
үֻ˵ҪɣҪãҾͲͭ壬㿴ôвУ
үƺ׼˻ռСˣеĳɢһɶ
ȴҧ˵ҪϱûǱ£ãүɵðҰȻҿɻôɻأ
УǮһԳָѸ첲ˣɡ
үˬĴӦźǰ£Ҳ˵ʲôԼһʽҽεĲˣεĺԺ϶ģ
ֻܰԼļչʾǣǵϿɱˡ
ָŵʱϵũҺеܵһڵүȥȴһʮַĵģѾȥˣ
ֱһ̽첲ʱûиоֲõĸоеĲҲɢ
ͬʱڳ˶ע㣬ǲѾܶһ棬Ϊˡ
һķϣԶԵ˵Ŀ⣬ר־ΪѰĺӻֱۼϵʹ
һȥŻһ¼򣬾ϲķֺ˺ܶ࣬ƺүĵЧϵϲɫôҲǲסġ
ѽϱб£⼸ȥ治첲ˣлл˰
.

ڶٰʮ£Ͽ

һϲĳлͭݸؿǷĵѣҲˣ
Ҿ˵еģոү߳һۣЦһ䡣
ŶӵĴүĵնѧ˻ʲôĵģ׷ҲӪүһġ
үһ˸æҪϺð룬˸ȻҲǸ˵Ĳ˵ģ
̫Եʣүæһ磬ʵڳ鲻緹үҼ򵥳ڽģֱһЩ
Ͼүʹ߼ֱ̱֮ϣ㵹˱ˮǸ˵ġ
˵үˣԼɤЩۣ
үȻ۵̲סЦЦֺܰһҲûҪúܶ࣬һΣǿǶϿˡ
Ҫʦ֤ôǵϿѽ㳯үƤգգ۾ͬĨһ˵Ļ
͵ĵ˱˻ԣ
үװŭĵһۣͻȻа̻ͽܽҪʦ
˵ʲôү⻰ɾͲˣԼʵȫжүΪʮĴڣû
ǹ˼үһҲߵ˲ùòƺû뵽һ㡣
ôһ仰Ĺүָû¶һҾôһ˵㲻÷ϣ֪㲻ˣЪɣ
÷ƪҲ⾾Ųţүǰˮ졣
˺һᣬүɫ˵ˣʲôˣҰԺĲҩͻؼҰɣ
û£ȥһ㣬ﺢӿܻȥء
۳̫Ѿ䵽˰ɽҲȷºúЪһҲûоܾүĺ⣬ԺɹõĲҩ׼ؼң
ʦ˰ԼغãͱˡվԺү˵һҲûӦһү˳
һص㣬ү֣ȵǰ˵ǰŵҰæЩͭ壬ҲһʱˣҲæ
βĶЩףҲ̫ӣҲرԣЩͭţؼҸԼ·ҳ棡
.

ڶٰʮ£ΰ

ү⻰治㴩ãֻϣܰԼͭѡ
ԥһǲүݹӣͿүɫһӱãЦЦ
ү˵仰˼ң֪ûаʱԷǸֱŤ
ǾúЦֺе㲻ˣûͷۣôܹͥأǲæҪԺæĺȿˮʱ䶼ûУֲԸӣӿզɣ
ߵſڣ⻹ʱѾðˣ֪ǻֽԼҳҩʳˡ
ʵÿҪԵҩʳҲǸóԣѳԣΪѳκҲûüͷɼݵľжôᶨ
̤ſڣ㳯߹ȥôûȴѹԼȥڳһֱŤӵģ
վſڳ￴һۣӶ˯ˣû࿴һ۱˳ר־󷹵ĻﵹǱһ
Ӹ֮˵ζίνǰٸн
Уϵĳˣզˣһûô˵ʱ򣬸ֱŤˣ
ţⲻһæһүǣһӣɽŪһ˻Ҿͺ˵ڼҿźӣҪȥˣ⣡
ϤɹۺһˣҲ˵ʲôٻ
ǻĻɴ۾ҲǾò˼ɡ
ûκյ۾˼˵ҿɾڸв֪ˣҪɷһǧһٸ⣬ȥҵ¸ۣ
ⲻøǲøɵģҪиôбµϱ϶úúӣʲôŤ
֪⻰ҪģҲȽϴҲһֲİĻ˶
ԭڸв֪ˣ
ٶȱĸ
ЦЦС˵벻ɽȻôˣ
һۣԵʮֲΪʲôߴϵ˰ҲǸŬӵˣûǺҲΰɡ
.

ڶٰʮ£̫

ߴʻǸѧģӽʱﻢԼ峺ˮϴ˸һǽһѣ
оԼǰʮ궼ججȹƵģֻŵġ
Ѿˣɴ÷ԼҵҲүҲ˲϶ԣͶˣ
Լҩʳʢþ׼뿪ǰú˵𳳼ܰҸоǸ˵ģæҲǿԵġ
ͷİɣģ⻹æţͲˣ
ֵĻصɶҼҲûԶ·æɣˡ
㻹Ŀ߳ţȻˣѾź࣬ԼüķоԼڶܳͷСţˣ
ŵƵ˿°Լָеˣûзһڳſתơ
ȥ˵˵ֲ֪ôڣûſȥֱ㵹һе֡
û˵˽ȥץֿеָֻҪ˵Ĳ˵ʹָһСӣ
ʱðѪû˵ͽָٶЩɵۡ
ָȵĴعЩŵİԼִг˳
Ĳɵ˵ѪҲš
ûʲôѱŵָ⿴ȥиҲе֣ôôСģ
в˵¾ͽˣҵҩһ¡ָеĻȷȽأѪǺʮָģжʹˣ
Ҵҵߵ֮ǰʣµǵҩȻ˵еָýҩеСˣʱҲҲģֻǸˡ
ûĻڳǽ󣬵ϺҩһָԼһֻҲã
濴ڱһʮֲ˵ӣȴʮзִ磬²С㡣
ЩĴȻûпԼָŵһ㲼һ£ӷ׳ٶ۵ĲУеۣ
һСˣʲô¶е㲻̫㡣
.

ڶٰʮ£߻ص

ΣܵûкãȻȥ룬ǲЭˣ
˯ѣָŲǺһѯʣоůůģµĺڣôرɣ
ŵζһ̣ԼʮּǸеģǳձҪãһķڷġ
رѳԣҲͲڼҴˣ򵥵һٷԵıƽҪ࣡
Եȫûθڵģ۾ʱʱȥ
Ϊָе˵Եʣ˷֮ȥϴɾģŽ죬ƽʱֵϷӼ˵ɶˡ
ûǷæһҲۣϲŵܵһ˯ȥˣ˯ҲܺúϢˣ
ʵһ˯̵ڴ˯е㡭ۣΪǺñ֮󾲾ĿСһ
ǺúݵİϼҶˣȻһֱϲŻ
ĳ˵Թ˯Ӱ첻
ڶ峿㻹Ըκζһֱ˺ֻۣͬʱҲָһŵζ
ԭһ緹͵ȥأڷǰûκƢĴϴ֮Ӿеȥ
Ƶ滹źԵﵹûô߳Ա룬Լһ;򵥵Ĳټ򵥵ʲôʱϰÿзʢ緹Ե
ЭˣҲͲļû˴ˡ
ϡ׼ȥүңȴסε˵
ֵļ򣺡İɣôóԣҿ϶ᰴʱؼҵģ
Ҳ֪ڶٻñŤҪ䣬ڼҴ޵Ȼ˵ҲĻ
õ佱̹˲٣Ŀ֮Ҳ½ؾ͵ᷢϴʲôˣ
˵㣬үҵʱүѾԼæˣһʹĿĶ߻ص
߽һԭǸˣ˿ڵҲǱ˺ҧġ
.

ڶٰʮ£ȫ

үֹѪۣǺͲס۰ԱһԷڰֽŷֹҶкװɣġ
ҲʮۺӣҲվţүæҩƿʲôģ
˵㻹еʲôã㶼סҪǽи̣㿴ôʰ㡣
һϽˣʮֵǺӵʱкĸ׶кӵŭλĸҲǴɽûס
ºܶʲôűŪˣкôһĸ׿ɾܲˣͬߵһµ
Ũص͵֮ɫϸ֣ʱүΨһľˣү
үһҪκҶӣɲʲôôȻҲˣ
үû侲˵ӻޣʲôµģģôܶͲˡ
Ҫ̫Ѫʵû취ȵ£û˳ŻȫûҪѰٻġ
λ׵İѾˣٺʲôãúһºô侲һ㣡
Ҳ˵λ䣬ʱ򳳼˸κ⣬еĺ񲢲
һֱҩүſڵ⺢ӻˣʱסɣŲ϶۵ģҩʲôҲ㡣
ȫԣүҶⲻҪɣһŵʣ
үһǿιȥĺӣҡҡͷ֮ΣģúӦþͲˣҲұ֤ڼ᲻б֣
Ͼүҽôˣ˿ڻŧȾȲҲرСҲеûס
ûеȵү˵ĺûҲſʯͷһֻĬĬӲҪʲô⣡
үڸɾˮϴ֣ȥѼʰɾһǵһ㣬⺢ӻסء
кĸԸµҰһɣһ㣡
Ҳûܾƺͦ±ԼɷֵģүҵǺլˣԼ˯һӣж䷿䡣
һģ˼ұ˵ǺլˣһҲûʲôˣӿҲǿţò̫صס¡
Ѵ̺ãظɨɨҲûʲôҪʰˣкĸ׷ֹûһĹŪˣҲǼĺܣ
.

ڶٰʮ£һ²һ

һŴһӺӾûʲôĶˣʰһ֮СİԼӸŵȥ䱦ͻȻǸ
ЩӲȥˣҲ֪ڹǲǻô⡭
úһӣүҪȥչˣүҲҽݣҩĵĴҲȽң㶼رҩĲ͵һ
΢Ͼʱ˵ʦҪҲרŴҩĵĹӻɣ㿴ЩҩһһģҰ
үԼļңЩͷ۵˵򣬵ӷĶǸ⣬վ˶ӵطǸСˣ
ôһ˵Ҳע⵽ûطŹˣү˵˾䣺ǷҲˣ涫ǣҪǼеطҾͲˡ
ҲǣҺʦҵĸ֣ȫǰ˾סĸģЩҽݡ
˵仰֮ү˼ҲʲʲôҲͰ֮Ժˣ
ոæµƣһүߵ£һһһէ˹ȥк¡
ί˵麢ûʲôʼǷĲҲٶ˵ʲôϾҪԼ̬Ȳ̫ܡ
һиԸĸ϶ѹ׷ԼͷϣǽֻĹȥû¾ͰοǼ䣡
˵үҰɣʵҲûйֻٵʱЪһΪүһͻܶԳ
絽˷㻹øү緹ߣͽˣһҲԼ֣ټǶԷ޵緹Ҳһ
ȻⷹҲǰ׳Եģү̫Ϥһռͭġ
æһܻؼҳԷˣү֪ӻڼҵҲԷȻԼɶóԵҲȥǳ
ȻҲǻػضүöԵģ˿ᴫлԻǶһ²һˣ
˵ˣʲôȥ򣬲һֱ˼ҵĶǣ
ſڣû㱧ŸӭŰӵζЦǸȥˣ˰ӻ
ҡҡͷһЦжǽĻصοǵְŶǸŵȥ⣬ոİӣ׿ȳԡ
.

ڶپʮ£һΪʦΪ

ӣӣҲֻ߳ȴ˵
ϴ֣ϲøһȸԾҪӵģ治ġ
ȥʱ۶֭İӱҪóԲ֪
̧ͷĿһ¿еİʮ˵նȥˣⱣ֤һ˵ĺá
óԾͶԵ㡭һӷԣ
԰ӵʱԵЩĬӺܿģСкóԵĺģŻĿ˰ɡ
ԼڹǱһ˼Һöˣ⼸עӪ⣬ÿ춼Եñ֮Ҳָ˺ܶ࣡
ȻŻǲ͵СٲǸݹ᾵Ĺˣ⻹ĿýԵİװֵġ
ɰСָҲúܶģ
ԱˣҲʱеİûмȥſڱȥ㴺ƹˣմӴ
ȥˣΪ˴˴˽ȫļҵʰһ£Ҫҹ뿪ȥĵطıˣ
һ£û뵽㴺˵̨͵̨ˣҲûƹ񵽵ǵʲôˣⶼȥˡ
үҸץץҩʲôģҪȻֵɵʲôȥˣ
ӣ㻹δҪǶѾʵڳԲˣ϶ٳһģôϲԼķˣﵽ׻Ǿе˵ġ
Ա㣬һСҪͦŹҵСȥүˣǰүӳԣ
ܳ˼ҵģԼʲôóԵĲ˼Ұɣүû㾭ЩöؼҺͺǳԣΪʦҲöТġ
һΪʦΪСׯҲ˶֪һ仰
үʱûվɿǸˣĴҲûӰ⵹е֣һүǲ뿪ҵġ
ѵʲô£ʲô˵ȥβܾİɣ
Ҳû룬ŰӵСӷŵһߣæԼû顣
ģƼһλɩŶ߽үļţɫͦʹġ
.

ڶپʮһ£С

һ⣬ɩʵϱүĶȥˣӲ
ɩôˣ˵ɣүǳȥ˿ȥˣ극Ҳûء
ĸüͷ˴֣һֱŶӣۿզѽϱ᲻ζ۰
ȸǰȥסɩӵȴʮֹǸУٿɫҲһƼݵģ
ﲻôԣҲԲʲôõģ֮Ҳͳ⣬۲죬ү峤Ǽӣûһһģ
ȻӺ⣬еţɶöŸԣʲôö㲻СͦͶˡ
κֱ⣬һֲʰһҪиͷɵ֮ǰһֱϽҲЩһ
һҪɩǼƶѪ飬㵱ϵɩӶӶʱ϶ͷۻɣصʱֱʡ
θҲãƢƶѪҲûŮ˼ҸеѪɫƽǲǳԵĶЩʳ
ɩⷬͷһֱͷۻҼҲǺܺãŻţҶǳɽϵҰˣǲҰж߲ɾ
Ұ˵⣬ĳθãΪڳЩʳµģҪԵģȻֻôܲˣ
ô˵֪Ҳ˭ܳԵϵģүҲû⣬˵ˡ
Ȼɩӱ̾˿ҲԾܳԵİСģҲֲҳԡ
ǸҰ帾û뵽ӾȻôҰ˳Զ˻ۣ⳦θ˳⻹бİ취𣿡
ɣҸ㿪ҩԣȻٸ˵ЩܹԳθʳǾҲŪϡģҩټЩʳӦܺһЩġ
ڷ˴תȥץҩץ߸ɩһЩʳҩֶʵҲ̫̫ҩԣ
ʳƵľǷѵ㾢ŪʳؼҳԳԣȻҩЧܻһЩڴɩӳθͲ̫õʳƱȳҩá
.

ڶپʮ£ȥ

һİҩܹΣҲϸüˣҩĴɩӵ˸ѵʱԵЩִٺɬ
⸱ģ붮ŵѲżҪʲôʱʲôٸɣŲǻ
ллɩӸмĿһ㣬Ҳû˵ʲôģҩˡ
ǰŸûүžͻˣһйģ˽
ʦȥĶˣһΪȥ˿ء
үһۣɫеɷⲡûУȥȥˣ
ʲôһĿү֪ǲԽԽϲӣ֮үӵġ
ֻүЦЦһ˵ҴڴｨҽݳʱǿʲôĶȥǱߣͰЩҽݵĸҩʲôҲеطˣ
˵ףҽҪӵİɡû뵽үô뷨ֱڴｨµҽݡ
ţҲ֪ⲻѰ˼ؼҿͷжĻǾͽʦҽô꣬ԭȥ˼ҽﵱˣҪԼҽҲǼõģ
룬ɽϴǣľĲóʱɽһЩǣҪ߿ɹˣĹֻὨھסݵĸ֣ҽݸֵĻһרҸġ
үר־Žҽݵ֪ο϶ҪƱˣܻԼȥæԼͷϵ¡
òƿҽҲԺԸүռͽܣȵѧ֮ʮ粻Ҳȱ
һĥҩһĥ¶һүˣЩ̾ġ
㻹ʲôģʵҽݲӣϴξȵλ˻һЩӣҪҲõɣ
ȥҪ˸ֵصӣҲʮϵĹܶҪüӣҲֻһλɡ
ټϹɽټӹľЩʮѹͲã⻹שߵӣҳôҲʮˣ
УͷҸһ£ϻŪҽݳӣǸɾͲȱˡ
Եúɣϴλ˿Ǹ˲ӣһүҲУҪȻǿ϶ŷӵĴߣ
.

ڶپʮ£

ǼﲻҪ𣿳סҪЩʱյҲУҼǵÿкöǷҩûأͷһʣͷԣû
ʹ˼ЩãүиűǷҩһ鱾ҪȻڿ϶벻˶Ƿˡ
ҩҲǻȻѣ˵ҩѣͷȽϿԣ֮ǰԵõҩҲýһˣȻľ͵ʦҽݵô
ʲô˼ͲˣôҲԼһˣ˵Щͼˣ
үϿ㣬ԼͽЩһ뷨˵ҲͦõģҲܰ
ģҽݵӾͶʮˣҳʮʮһ԰ɣʮչɷݰٷֱȣռ˰ٷ֮ʮ
ԺʱҲܵʱûʦҪܶһ룬ôģô
ûүѣ˵ʱүӵʱһЩȫҩѵ˾ˡ
ֻǻ֪үԸԸԼɣ㿴ķӦƺû׹Լ˼ͷϸ˼أ
һүӦŶһעãǲȻǾô˵ˣҪǲĻǾȥұˣû򣡡
ڼžܰã϶кܶԸİɡ
ӾҪǻôӳ飬пȥЩǽҽҪӣٿשЩҪ٣
ȲżñɣһӶ˵ʱ˻ȥǶ಻õѽͷһʣȷҪ˵ġ
үĵͷԽ⺢أǸиˣ˵ԸһŮ˼ټĺء
Լ˵Լʦҵˣ
үҡҡͷֻǷ⺢Ӹһ˺ܲһǸӿ϶дΪģ
ͻȻ粻ĸҲʲôǿƵˣԼС²඼ڹܣҲѹָŮӲһˡ
Ȱ˵Ҳǿ
΢΢һЦﰵǱǼ⣬ŮҲΪģ
ȻҲͼ̫ΪԺȵĺúûȥ㲻ˣξǿҪ
.

ڶپʮ£

ʦͽ꽨ҽݵ֮ԼүӣӼùʱеȵģȴѾˣ
үŵСɢζ˿ڿˮʵʲô㰡ŸճԹ緹ûãζҾȻоеˣ
㽫ϸŵĸɾֽȥ¶ӸүְİӣͦóԵģѰ˼ùʦȻȥˡ
ôһȫˣȵıȽϺóԣʦҪԵĻҸһȥɣ
үֱӰӴ˹Դϡ˵ɣҲˣԵҲûʲôϵˣСӾȻӣҿǴ֪ġ
˵Ѿһſھҧȥʱ֭ϽݸһӣʱĻŪ·ϲϴģ
˭֪үһҲ⣬ĨһǱԣոһѾζȲԵڶڡ
߳ү˵аСӿԣӿɱǰԹĶóԣǸиģúϧɣҪǻˣܸ͸涼ǲˣõɷĶң
ͷܾҲɩӵֿڵʦոմɩˣ˵Ƕۡ
Ҹ˿Ұ˳θܲˣ͸ץ˵ҩҲûҪҩǮûУͦεģ
ү˲һˣʣİӶ˵ҪŵҩǮ𣬸ˣ׵ģλǸβġ
һĥҩۣүӱ㲻ٳˣΪڵԵʣʣµİӲصԼ׼ϳԣ
һĻһ£ѵү˽һأİӲֹͺϲԣүúóԣԸ˷ء
ĻҪϿӵ꣬϶ΪĻȥ
ĥҩǰץҩģ˳տһȫ˺ҧккĸ׼ԼҶôҲһһǧм
ǻؼӽַˣүסŶ˵һ㶼˵ģҪǺʵڲãûԸסġ
ҹصң庢˯֮ڴԼܹǻʮǮүʮҽ㹻ģ
.

ڶپʮ£ҽ

̧ͷݶʣµȲһݶʡ꼾©ʲôģڽ·ǲСطҪǾҸڡ
ԺͷӸˣĵطٽһģٵ䷿ԺɾͲ˯һˣ÷ֿ
ôһѾѺܾ֮鶼ˣԼŹغñֱ˴ߣ
ʲôʵʲôأôӶóˣ
ģү׼ڴｨҽݣⲻӲҴӺһ𽨣ҽԺֱӶ԰֣У
㿴ڼҴշɲ治˿¶ҲСŻǺһ±ȽϺá
ԼӳĶһ᲻ˣ
˭֪û˵͵ͷͬˣҾÿԣȻүҪҽݣΪͽôҲóݶôǸɣԺǻܷһء
ֱӴǮóʮӳǰ˻ΣҾ͸ЩˣүĴܹʮܹһҽݵģ
á㽫ַ˻ȥ˱׼˯ˣѱϸǡ
ȴȻȻ˵ˣô౻ӣ
֪ѾͬͨһֻǻûнһĹϵҲ룬ֻԸԼԼʱ
ÿֻǱ˯ѣ͵͵һ£ǽڴȴ·ͻȻһ
ԼϱΪʲôҪһ͵͵ףôͬ˼ѪƵѵʱһڣҲһԼɷ
Ȼ˯ˣ̾˿ʵɻȥ˯
˼һ㶼֪ʱæβ£۵İ˯һҲʲô컵뷨ûУ
ڶվΪ緹ΪŽҽݵ¶Ҳͦ磬պϴ緹ҲͶ˷
ץһͳԣһԣھֻǿ㡣
ĳһֻڳԷϣȫԵԼǰһֱԼĿ⣡
һ˲ͣſ˰ŵҾȹȥˣү˵пȥϿשԼ˼ҹʲô۸ġ
.

ڶپʮ£

ҹûʲôյģһ쵽˲̫൫еģܲȥһأҲ֪ôģ
үͦż¶ģʵڲоүȥϿڼһ㣬ı£϶ʲôӵġ
ʰ̲סһЦ㵹ͦҵģ˰ǵøǶԵ㷹
ү֪϶ûյˣһкü˵ĵûУȫ㲻ʶˡ
ǱĴӵģһæµУλŮӣүֱ㸺ǿ
λǻиƲĸˣͥڵҲ˵˼ɴȥ˷ͷ̸
һһʹ֢״֮ЩüڷҩڴеģЩҲȽݣڲ鶼˲Ҳ˵ү˸ŮͽܲһԵġ
õҩ֮˺Ǹмҩһֲٵĸ㣬֮ǰָеҩ˵ɰʻӡ÷ˮ֮ãīʻҪźȣס˰ǧˣ
϶Ūˣллմ˰˽һصļң̬뿪үԼѡͽܡ
ԭᴦЩ⣬ǾӭжˣоĵԼƵĲȫһЩ
үסŵǸкҲûҩˣүѲ¶䵽ͷϣҩƿ͸ɾıСкסŵķ
ţкĸ̾͸ţүҺкܶ˵ԵʣҲʮ֣ĸľͱ˸ˡ
кĸŸʪӣǸӲ˲ֺҩƿͱ֪Ǹӻҩˣ
СкţĿһֱϣ¶һְҵ΢ЦöʵСܵܣûиоһ㣿۲ۣ
е㣡к԰׵촽³ֺ˵仰㿪ʼȥϲŵı
ʵڲС⺢ϴ󲿷ֶűŪ㶼ǸСģȥҪı㿴һ˿ڵϳ̶ȡ
ҧĵط󲿷ֶˣǺܺõģҩҲһСʱ䣬˿ھͷѾˣ
.

ڶپʮ£Ǯ

кĸװһ𣬲ȻԼûСʱ㲻ڼŲ⺢ӵʱۡ
ֹ֪Ǳ˺ҧܵ;лˤƤϺ׷ϵĵط֪ҩҲһ
ˣúϢɣȥæˡһѱӣЩյ˻ζó档
үҵǽһںӣרŷЩĵطЩߵǰմҩۺһЩѪıһӣ
ץ˰Сϸ֦ûӵҲ˽ȥʱǱһɴ̱ŵζıӣȻǿЩճɻҲ뿪ġ
ת۾͵磬үЪһˣʱҪȥ
ү˸˿аͷ򵥵һٷ˸˹ȥ׼ؼˣﻹʲô˳ԣ
ϵ˿үס㣬ĿԼ˵ȻߣҺ˵¡
ɶ¶˹ֻү˵ʵѲˣҪؼҺ˵һȥϿש߹ļ۸ҪûǾʱˣ
û¶һȥͺ˵˵ʦҲҪ̫żˣ
㻹Ϊʲô£ԭҪæҲûʲô£ȥϿһۣ˸үһ
ү϶ʲôģҲˣֱԺͺã»ᱻ˹ʲôġ
˼һʱͺ˵£û˵ʹӦˣǰүô࣬ȥϿһשߵļ۸ʲôѵġ
˵ԺӾһ³ԷǰСҹģŵϲ
һĿԷżᶺⳡжܰˡ
ȻȴһһĽӦǲ֪ʲô£ͣ
ʵڿȥˣΪԼ飺ˣҵֲǹѹǮŪģǲҲǲСǽĹǮ͵Ʋˡ
ебһ˵㵹ͦ󷽵İǲҲ֪׹󣬴ĴŪ˹Ǯһ˵ˣ
.

ڶپʮ£Զ

֪һĹǮڶжҪڸǩ־ݻŪ壬һǮʮҪģҪʲôֳֻҪһҪżԴ⣡
˭ԼҪȥƵĵģɻŪǵĲɾ
ûǷ˼ô㶼御ˣһĹǮһ굽ͷ׬ӣĹǮϣʱҲûôǼͭ壡
綼һɴ۾ȫû뵽һĬԣһҲ˵仰˾Ȼſڷˡ
Ǳ黹ʮֲӣҲܹʼΪԼˡ
ԼҵͻȻӲһҲеˣ˳С˵˵ͱ˵ˣҵ㡭
абݾݣҸбµģث֣ҿûһ˭Ը㣬ջʰӣ
Լ΢ļֵһҲΪʮĵ±ݡ
ԼҰӣֻĸƢθҪըˣתʹ߳ţִ֣
̧ȥ׷Լȴֹһ֪ڸĵ˵ߣб¶Ҳҿá
󲻹Ҳû׷ȥҲ֪ϵܵ֮춼ûлؼ̲ס˲źɰ˻
Դﳳһ֮䵭˺ܶ࣬İһȻⶼǺˡ
ڶȥүҵʱǴӵģһȥϰү鿴ҽݴԼҪӡ
·˿Ľɾе㾪棡
ϣ⻹𣿿űǰ˰
ҿҲһЩиðǰ·࣬ڣɸɾĶϲ
һ˵ˣǿũҪµظɻˣǺټӣڶӵӡͣڼǰ
ڿǱӣȻеʮ־ȵģ
ЦһǣһүȥڸϲһЩһү˵Ŀ⡣
˺ǣŵǲĶŮЦųˣȻǺö˿ޱϲĺÿ֮Ļˡ
Ҫ˿ˣ֪ʲôʱԽԽŮָյүڿʲôǾͲԶˣ
.

ڶپʮ£ԽԽ˷

źüŮȥﵥ̸飬ϲСſڣǿһ㡣
ȻֱܵǸСкסŵķȥˣǺӻŲɴȻҲ¡
ϲк£ŵܾܵҪߣкĸȴС˼ĺûϲһ
ϲһ۱Ů˲ģŵܵܲǸкȫôһʲôᴫȾ˵ĲͲˣÿõܵܡ
һŮ̸΢ͷ۵˵һŮˣҲҿģʲô˼ڵİʲô˵ô㿴
֪ĶСϱôʱ֧֧Ҳ˵
ʱæøǺ˵˵ôĵʱ䳤Ҳе㲻ͷ
ɣȸǿֱӷǸɬСϱָ˸ԴĸĲ飡
Сϱ촽˶һģͷʱԱ߾Ȱˣôʲô˵
һһ䣬ôһľǰȥˣָÿ˰ҩֱǡ
һǣϲ̾űǰϲʵǸкӵʲôôͳǸӣ
ҧˣôȥˣϲСԴ⺢ӵͷԽ˳ˣϲ
ŶܵܺͿ˿ȴ棬Һ͵ܵûǣΪҲ֪ʲô
ϲ۾˵鶯ͷû뵽С㻹ְȫʶ֪ʲô˲õܵܽӽ
㻹Ҫȥүץҩһ߹ԹվţҲʲô
һҩץø˼ңүɵø̾ΪͽǾҲܰץץҩʲôģû뵽ƺæˣ
æðҿԺǻģʮ磬ʵæҼѧҽֵͽ
үͷҲԽԽ˷ܣ֪ǿ϶ģһ˶֪ԼͽܣүҲǾýģ
Ȼûн̸̫ණ
ʱϻˣ֪ûؼҾֱүңүʵôשôģ
.

£שʯ

שʯߵĻһһٿ飬Ȼ󹤽ǰ˵ģһһǮӣҽôҲʮ²ܽɡ
ϹͽܣĸһǮӣôҲʮӣשʲôıȽϹ󣡡
Լʹļ۸һһү֮ʮ϶ǹҽݵġ
һĴȶϣǻͷȥѡӣǾϹҽݾܳˣ
ûжˣſЩС飺ү¶峤𣿲֪ôģ⣬ҽҪԺô죿
ᵽүͻȻήҲ񣺡ǲˣ˺סһʲôϵȻҾȥʹ峤˵һ½ҽ¶ͲԷˡ
ǺðɣҲ̫żˣܵһģ޶ô뿪үҡ
ԶһЩ̲סʵ˭үǸ𣿡
ǰѾҺܾûлˣүŵǿرǸǷȢϱõģôҲһֱˡ
㾡Ҫү£ѹģʵ粻ϲүڼﵷҩģβЩһЩҾͲ˵ˣ
ҲʾˡԹԵĻһ䣬ү֮䵽׷ʲôҲرȤ
˼֮˳ΪһСĳԺ·˳϶ҪһУ
Сҹȥһˣ±æϴϴȴֹ
ֲǻûɣȥŵȳԷУ
ŶǺҪˣˡ㿴˿Լָɶðˣźü㲼ú׸
ڼҽ˹˵ЩʲôȴʱĿ˵ˣⷹûãȥĻɣ˳㿴ôˣ
ȻǺúܶ࿩ʣǵ㶫ܳķˣȻܽһˡ
Щʹӳ˳ӭײҪĶߵĻ
ڼҰڳҵ÷˵ɣ
ô˵ͰԼʳŵϣ㿴ǱҪٵʳĶ˵ʣ㶫˰ɣͲüˡ
.

һ£ڶ׶

Ҫʼڶ׶εˣʵ˵彡ˣҲӦȥģҪһʱ俴
ϾҩĻҪҩģֹ˼ûӣ˵Ҳٲ̫ӡ
Ҳ֪ɷԼΪôѾܲˣ˼ͥǾˣ
￴ЩԥӦǲ뻺ıſھʵǲҿбʲô⣿
ᣬҩֻ𵽸ãֻҩҪܶӵģɷǵ̬ȡҲΪ룡
ӻͷһͻȻץס֣һ
ôˣͻȻץҵʲô
ֻ˵㣬ôб£ܲܡǽһķݶϰһѣԼ׬ӣ
㾪ȵĿŻû뵽ȻԼæҵɱǸܵ˺öˡ
㻹ûʲô׬ӵ¶Ҳʶ֣ȥүǸץҩУ
˵ʶҩʶĻȥɽϲɲҩȥö·ؽҲһ㣬ϧĲҩҲüء
үڶûʲôʱȥɽϲҩ˲ҩǣȻǺõģȻҲҩǮġ
һ۾һһֱΪҲʶòҩֶϼЩˣҪһЩģ
Ͽԣֻпˣʶ˸ֲҩԺӦûȥүæʲôģһͷ˵˵ҩֻͣһЩġ
Щټϡеȥ϶ӣоȥɽҩһΣգеҩĳڶ͵ɽ֮ϣɵʱҪرСģҪҰޡ
֮ӶǺ׬ģȴᶨ˵Ըȥɲҩʲô¶Լ⣬˭Ҳֲˣĺˣ
У۾ʹӽʼǵǸе£˵̻ʶҩͻ̣
̻үǵĲҩҲͲٳˡ
Ů˾˹ʶƳһۣĿ㣺㻹Ǻбµż찡ĸԸڼҿˡ
.

£ڷܺѧ

ҾôҲúüЭأⲻǺܺ㻹ҪҪߣ
ֻܺǺһʮǿĻصǲǰ˽˵ˣܴ󲿷ԭҲΪźСǡ
ȷȷʵͣ˲٣ĥĶŪǮ˼ӣүҵʱ֪⼸ѾкüҪծˣ
ֹţԺ￴һۣҪ־͹ãôҲ̯ϸš
ÿϱŰԼʱʮߵģиôµŲ֪ϧˣȻŰ˼ң
˷ҪԣɼԼʳͻؼҳȥǰüŪ۵ĺ˵һġ
֪ΪˡһåСƦӣɾͺˣϻҪɶ
ҲܸദһǻʱҲûˡ
ɩϻɶޱʡ
㶼ûע⵽ɫˣ˵Ҫʶҩⲻͷ˵Ұҵ׬ӵ
Ҿ뵽ɲҩˣֻҪ̻ʶֲҩȻҺүͲרȥɽϲҩˣҲͽˣȫĺأ
ǺðɣݳԷɡ
ȻҲͲ˵ʲôˣֻǿæµȴеįҪҵȻǼõģӾû˹ˣ
ֻΰӹãûǱŵСۿҪ÷չˣԷ㡣
ȥүңһʱѻº˵һ£Ԥϵүûʲôһһģ
ŵҲûʲôϵοҲȷҪһרŸҩģҲǼһȻܷЩȥҩˡ
үרһڲҩ鼮㣬Խ̻ﻭŵĲҩ
㿪ʼ˿ҹ̻ʶҩӣҲڷܺѧÿ˷ʰü͹㣡
˼Ҳ߰ĶˣȥҲһֻ۱һֻ۵ģϾбµˡ
϶ܵõôԻĹȻ˵ʲôˣ
һȥˣүҪҽݵϢڴﴫɵöڸ̾үǮҽ˵ͽ
.

£Ĭ

ȴû֪үҽݵһ룬үģֻﻹƻĶԼߡ
Ǳֵ̫ǮֻҪ鷳ˣ
үæҽµڼĲ˲඼ڸ𣬲Ϊ̬Ⱥҽãʹ˳
ĸڸҲرеģӲһרҵĸƴ
үѾʼڴ׳ʵȥɽϷˣõѡ֮һ㻹Ҫúڼˡ
˭֪ﾹȻ˵ӵĻȻи˿Žһģ
æķүȥæˣܾҲ̫ãզ컢վ˳
²̾׻и֪ĺѺðҪԼûѵĻںӾ͵Լڼˡ
æµûг̫ʱ䣬µʱҽݾͲཨˣҪ˵ĹҽݽǺÿ
ȴ峤ļҿʣЩСˣүʱؼҸ˿ģ
үҲֻŪľĶѣ˺潨ҽݵʱûʲôˣʵģֻ˼ҹѧһ֣
֮ÿ춼źԶԶĿһ»ǻģͿʼϸ۲ˡ
ƺĻˣÿλؼҵʱѾ÷ǰƺӶ˵ġ
սϲͳ˹С˵쿴ɣɲˣȥ
Ҫôôˣ
Щ޴룬ݾͿһԲǰع
ˣȥϴְɣȥʢö˹
̵һ仰֮ȥ˳ȷеԱˣ֪̾Ϊʲô˳ȥҵɡ
ڼǱȽİɣرǺ˯ŵʱ򣬶ҼôСѹûʲôҪɨʰģһ͸ûȤˣ
ͷԴ˵ɲٰһΰӸǳԣǰ̫óˣү֮ء
Ķһ٣³ֱĬ
ڶȥۻؼңʱͳӣ⻹ŷĸͼôġ
.

£ȥ

ˣְıģȳһͷڸϴ裬ݶЩͽҽЩ˵һ˵
ǽҽ˹Լݶ޲һ£㻹ƼϹĵĿأ
Ӳ˺üһưö£Ҳûʲô˻ˣүҪؼҡ
ĻһֽɡͬӰһߣżоըҲûĺһ£һԽڸǲסķ绪
ûſڣԶԶı㿴һ˳ɡſڣ߽һŷɵСӣ
߹ȥ˵´أԼվʲô
ʵҲǺܰ˵ֻǽ꣬С
ֻһ˿Σס־ߣСһЩһվǸɶ
ͷ㲻˵ϲ۾ת£Ȳľ˵ףȥ𣿡
ϲ⻰һЩȥүҽԼİΪɶվſڲߣ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱȥԼˣ
ô˵´ȥˣûæ꣬˺ðԼ߻ˣλˣ
Ŷʵýҵģүɡܲġ
ô˵үҵɡϣͷ·һߣɡҪȥģ
ӶˣǽʲôҪӱԣ
ϳżҲûԼڷӻˣû£ĵóԵġ
û˵͵ͷǾӱ԰ɣ˵Ұӣûӹӳأ
ʵܳԵñͺˣżԶٰӾͿĵĺܣÿŻĳʳҪԵģҲܾҪֻõģһ㶼㡣
ɣﻹееİɣǰŴӱԣϲԹŶ
˴ƣ˵ǰԼӹأڵȻҲ⿩
ɡһ߽طָʹŴһ㣡
Լǽ۵ɾľȻˮɺ״·̫ˮ̫ϡһһˮء
ˮľٶʾɻ󣬲ûʣҲûֹΪ֪Ҳˡ
.

£ҷ

лк֮ҲŽȣڹӱˣӳоϡ棡
ӡбֶǱȽӲģǷžˣ֣û뵽㾹ȻӳܵıټɫĴл˸ʳ
ʲôأ𶼿ˣ񣡡
СˣϽԼϷĶһû
عæ𣬻ԽԽòԾ
㣬ԥһµ˵ôպҵ֣ɷҪô๫Ҫôҷ
һۣ˰Ťͷ˵ɣҼɩҲɷ๫ʲôġ
ʵǲУ
ı鿴ǲô֪˼ҷʱ᲻ôأ֮㲻յĽ
ֻɬ±Ц˵ﻹûǰ๫ĽУǻᱻȡЦģЩϷ޶ͷƺġ
ҽʲôӣС쳯һЦ֮ǲ๫
˾ôӱ̸ƺ⣬⺢ۣǵ๫붺˺üžǲУ
ˣԱʵʵĿ񣬰ʱǶӳ˱жʮţܳٵİɡ
Ǽ򵥵ĲҪеͻȳͺˣⲻ벻ҪһǰԵļˣ
ϧǳԲˣҲûлȳòƻûЩˣֻԼӵнˢ
Ⱥıصʱк۾ű˳ô󻹴ûԹء
ȸһ˵ݹȥһűı˵ҪȻҪˣ
ʵץĲԣЦЦеıһ±סˡ
ϲһҧȥҲúܺóԣ̵ģС˶Ƿ´½һԵССǶ͡
㻹ûСĵŶѱϵͶ·ˣ
ȻҲϴǵ·ϾŪ˲̫ϴġ
˵·㿴˿Լ䣬ҽǱ߰쿪ŵ񣬽ʱвİɣ׼·öÿ
.

£̫

ŷһֿһӰɡʵӰе㻬ɡڲס壬֪ǻˡ
µĴûбɡסĵط϶ʪ͸ˣæɡȥһ£һ·Сʪˣ
զˣ˿ɲݸ·ϵˮ
˿ںԼʪ·һֵ˵ⲻǾûʲôͻؼҩýпգǶི㣡
ǻû緹һƳſǱһһץһűԵأ
ѱ˵ǰòóԣˣҸӺûı㳢óԲ
ѧ֪ģû뵽ȻܺѧزҲҪҩ
֪ԼʱûˣֻѸֲҩͲԼˣ
һүǱߵĸֲˣһǻȫûжദʱ䣬ʼôţԽԽãԼϱ챻˰ռţ̫ðɣ
ھͲ̫Ըռ̫ʱ䣬Լûʲôʱ顣
ŻȥòѸһЩ鼮ֲҩģԼʲô
ʮ棬ҲΧһԾ㽫ϻŵЩֲԶЩȤ̧СԴϵ֡
ŵҽݵæˣͰ黭λ̺֣ʱҲͲһֱźˡ
һｲ˴뱾ĲҩߴＸʮ֣Ҳˣûȥɷˣ
о콲Ĺˣٽ»ǲô࣬ԲҪȥȥ·һӵģ
ģ˶ȥɽҩˣԼҪһЩӦķӣ˵߳ҧ֮δ
ͷٸҩɣŵۻưݣϾͲ׽ӽˣ˵ͻᰲȫܶˡ
һһҹڶŷ磬£ȴЩȺͳʪүҪȥϹЩרװҩĵĹӣһЩµΣ
.

£˵˼

½ҽôܻ֮ǰЩƵĶأȻ㣬үЩȫµģĴզ಻ѣû뵽үô󷽡
ʰһгţƼԶţΪ׵ļӳƪһģƷҲûͳˣ
治֪ʲôˣɾĴǱ߹ͿĺǴкȺǲҲǷϡ
ϱԽԽˣģһˮҽһţĶˣ
ţζĺ˵£Ҳĥһ˵⻰ʲô˼һʮֿ˵ģ˵˰ɣ㻹Сж˻ȥǸҽ￴
ҿˮذԼĹײıȥɾеˣǿЩܸ𼸸Ӷ
˵Ҳǡ
ıӰû뵽Сӻı£ô˶˵ĺûˮˣ
ţȹҽʽŵĺӣȻҪĶׯһЩܸү
㲻ϲ̵ȹӣҲûԼϲ۸ֺһģѾǵˣ
ƹ鷳ؾѶóǿ𣿡һѸʽ·Ҳȥƹ
ƹһۣȻͨʷǷҲҵ־ؾʺʵȹ
ôײ˼֧÷Ǽؾˣٿ
ƹŵȹƫ˵ڶףһ׵ɫɻȹ
һֱԼеɫȹƹſڱǺ۹⣬ȹĺɻǱɵģҲǱȽϲġ
˶ȹˣһʼ۸ӹȹһǮߣ⻹һΣ
˵ֱӸӣҲ˵ٿһ£е㶣ȻԼǱȽǮģʡҲǺõģ
ƹӱ˵ϲʱæˣ·͵Լˡ
ʵ׬ӣʲô򣬷ԼͺӣȻҪһŮÿ뵽Լ͸ˣ
.

£

֮ﲻ̫ ǰ챦ʲô˼ţҵ˵ǳˡ
ôȥǰ취ֻǲǰֳˡ
·ȥһЩʳиӵһЩСȥ·ǰʿͰ̯ĵطߵģ
ϧûп黭̯ӣûǸõȲˣ˵̯ǽ첻ɣ˼û
ҪǾͺˣӸţʶһӣ˳ٺ̸̸ӽ̺ʶֵ飡
㿴ʲôأһֱܿȥʲô˳Ŀ⿴ȥȴʲôصĶûУ֪ʲô
û˵ָ˳ʿͰ̯ĵطǣǰҿи˰̯黭ģҸģ
ѧʶ˽ЩӲ̺ʶ֣ϧ
ôأ˵ǸҲ֪һͷдΪô˽ķӻŲģ
Ҿûǵȱٴһǽȥ˽ӰɣϾҲһ㣬ӻʶ飬һʶֵģܱԼѧϰð
һζľɣ˷磬㲻֪κ˵˽ķûеã
ʦ̳ܽʲôͽҲ˽ĳǸʲôûнӴԾõġ
ҵȻҲ֪ӶǺõģ˽ûãΪûȥ˽ӣʲôǺõģ
ʵȻҪɣͷźȥ˽һ˾֪ˣĽʲôӵġ
вõˣܲȫǻģܹкýĲϾЩӽҲô֪˼ĸǺǻġ
ľµеˣٶ˽⼸λ˵ɣ˼ֱһ˿϶ίһЩ˵
Լϱûôˣɶֱͨ˵
Ҳٻе㲻˵źȥһˣЩ˵ܲС
Щǲʲôϣģںѧ˵һβܴķ磬ȻΪ˺Ӻá
ʵҪ˵ЩĲ˾͹æˣûҪҪ飬ԼҲǺӵһ
.

£

ǲ˱ȣ֮ǰżѹεļֱǿҲּˣԼ־ϵӻƲϵˣ
ʱҲԼڼҴ鵽׶ԲԣϾ־ǩ֣ӦԼȫȨ壬һ͹ˡ
һЩʮܻ壬׬Ӿͻȥӿô棬һĶܸʮ¶
ԻǵòµСɣʮҲУĺõĻüӾܻˡ
뵽˼ʧİ취ķڿУһ·Ҳˣֻܳ𻨸ӣ𻨸ۺ͹ġ
ֻй𻨵ζʲôľͱˣһϵʵе֣ŵҲԣ
ֱӱסһֻ첲۵˵ףûЩóԣˡ
ϲҲŵͷԴĵȥ֮ľҲûˣһͦŴɿڵĵأ
ǳȳԵʱ򣬹뱦Ѿʼʿˮˡ
ЦĿָĶͷ⸱СèӣȻǱϲĵˣǸ׾ͶЩǳԣģ
ģȻˡСƣ¶һӸеЦݡ
ϲҲЦ˵ɲֵܹܵСèǵĶ̫óˣ¶ٻٳء
⻰һδϲһֱ㶼Ƚ϶£ԺüķͰҲ˵Լˣ
Ͱӣ㶼ͦԾģϸ͸ٺóԵģҪ˶ӾҪİװֵˡ
ϲ׼ˣͷпվ͸ĳԡ
ô˵ȵҽݿֻ֮ҪæҲֻǰ죬˯óԵĻеģ
ʳźˣͷʲô˾Ͳˡ
ֱֻռֻͷ߷ͺá
ȷܶˣ˵ֱɣͷҪʱ䳤һ㣬ҺöˣڼȥĸҪӣǾͳԷ
á
.

һʮ£ǰҪǮ

Ӧһ䣬׼ʣµǴͷȥģİóԡ
ͷֱ¸Ӻˣ֮ǰڽϰ̯ԣҪ˼ջһʵʳ͡
ȻүһҽݻҪʮӽɣϵôҲֹҪʲôضΣƫԶһҲûϵ㲻
ôһҲ㲻ʲôˣǵܰ͹ڼˣ˱ҪʳСζûԼ
ͷϴŵĻϸԼ黨ԼС㲢ҪҲô
Ǹ˺üԼµļױӻţҪʱܻһӻ
ôһҲûʲôܿ˿۵ˣǴڿʼҲˣҲű˵ĳԣȻҪҲûӳҪ
ȲʲôӣȥڸС̯ӿʼԺ˸Ժ
սŸɾﴩſڿϣ̫߳ˣ㾹ȻҲ̤Ҽҵżӡ
һҪȥأⶼ³ˣҲ˰ɣ¿϶ٰܸɣҿոʳĵģɱֻҼͭˣ
ѾˣЩûأⲻǸյּӣʳԸˣܲʳŰɡ
ֱӰ־ŵӳݹȥһĽ£̵ӹɶģ˵ծ壡
ٰҪˣҰɣӻأãû˵˲ӣ˼ҾȻˣ
˵־ͳеץȥ˵ڴʱǻӵĶһҲ
žһ֣ݺݵ˵˭Ҳȥ¸ҿĲ㣡
ÿ¸ٿɲ˵ģҪľ˾Ͷ㡣
Ҳû취ϲܵӵӵģˣ˼ҲˣûҾͻؼˣ
ɲ˵ĻᣬԼתߣֹ˵ЩĻйߣ֮¸ʮֲͶˡ
.

һʮһ£˵л

ôǲٶҪ֪ӹһͨͥԱµˣȻ㣡
Լס֧ٱҪ٣Լ͵ø١
ҹֻűӵһǣǴһ䣬ǵĶҹѵģ
գգ۾ĺ˵㣬ҡȥҵɣôֻţ۵ġ
ҪǳЦ
ʲôɣ˵һôģϾӣЩܹǲ̫ʺɵģ
޷ԼˣôСĺӶԼ󷹳ԣԼˮȣôϣչŵġ
ڴҵ¸ɰɣûũߴҾȥ˸ɿ
⻰ôҲҪҵ¸ˣԿĻԸȥ
ȴҡҡͷ׬ͭ壬ȹʱȣȻɹˣҵи⣬ҪҪһ
ðֻҪȥɻʲôܸɣΪĺˡ
ɤӻ˵ҲһֱŵģﲻǻЩɴȥϸ̸С
Ӻˣôóԣ׬һʲ˵ٲͶˣͬʱӸ㣬ƤӵҲĲ
Ǻܺãȴе㲻Ը⣺òãҿ϶ӵģһǷծǾͲˡ
㣬ҿ˵۹⣿ֲɵӣܲᱻ˺Ƶİ׸˼ҰӰɣ˵ˣǻڱ㣬ʲô
һҪ˵ģĬһֻǲһŮӣӵİˣ˶˵ǳġ
ⷬʱȻϸԼһֱû뵽⣬ôӣӦ˵ֻʣЩˣ
ôԸô˵Լлȥҵɣ׬û࣬ǺôԼûţҲΪҳġ
ûп㣬Ǿ㲻õ˼ֻǡʾ֭Ҳ֪ô˵ֻ۾㣬ϣԼ˼
Ĳ̣ҲżشԼúһ룬ҪʵڲԸҾͲˣڼҴҺ˵Ŀˡ
.

һʮ£̫ǿ

Ҫ֪Ҫ˵ʲôû취ܵģԼӾˣûҪôģʵ˵㿴ΧתһҲ𣿡
ò֮ǰ̫ǿˣԺ·ʽһЩ̫ǿƻܿٵĴﵽԼҪĿģǱ˲ĸԸҲ̫ã
Ҫǣ֪ǿƵ˶ȽϲϲģЩʮϲǿƵˣȻϲϲԼ˵ҲǸҪܹ黹ҪԵġ
ҪԼȥһɣҲûһ±˵ˣѾˣҸţȻҿûйǮһЩ
һˣһŮ˼׬Ҳ̫ˣο־ǩҵ֣һ׬Ӹġ
ͷȻе壬ĺôеģͲˣ
ڵģˣҲٸԤʲô
ԸûˣЦЦԼ˵ǼȻҾͲˣʵڲ˵еġ
еģ˯ɣ컹Ҫȥҽأ˵ĵΪҴ±ӣ㻹飬ԼôȣҪѱӶԼϣ
ԴӶЩ֮صӻؼңǸƵͱдˣӸһţԸһűӡ
ڶһϴԼ֮ǰȹǰת˸ȦȦȹķƮݣ
ôÿ
һԺͻȻֳ֮ǰݹģʱ˭֪Ǹء
ڵҲ֣ĺܣˣɫҲܺã˫Цͱ״峺۾һȪ
һۿǵͣ˾͸һ飬Ʒ֮ˡ
ȥҽ˰Ҳ֪ĶˣҪһЩȥϴһũ߳ã
ͻȻԼԵܲһޣһЩӴһũ߻Ȼÿ׬ͭ壬ôôе
ˣ˾УǰһֱƲֵģԼʲô͸ʲôûԹǸһֻȥԼæŻɣ
.

һʮ£ҽݿ

룬ǣס֣һżүҽݿŵӣô˵Ҳȥġ
Ҳ֪ҪˣֲĻһǸæʲôģҺһȥɣ
ĵ¶Щʴӣû뵽ӾȻǣԼ֣Ĵơ
Щֵ˵һȥҲ˵һҲǸ·ģ㲻϶ÿôոµģҪûҿ㴩ʲôȥ
ͷ˿ԼϵѣҲȽϾˣǰûʲôģϾԼô⣬ܴõ·ء
˵֮ǰΪõһ··٣һˡ
ͻȻվǰʵ㻹ǲǵ·Ӧǲǵ˰ɣҼҵĵһ죬Ҵľ֮ǰõһ·ˣ
˵Цһ£·ǶôõļƵģ˵Щ֪ģϧʱԭûע⵽ЩС¡
ĬԵĺҲûʲôоһֱҲûʲôɫܲӣܣ˳δܷɳȥ
㽫֮ǰ·ó˵ЩˣϽȥϲôأҪһȥʱǹ˲Ӱ
ڽһű˯ҪҪǣ
ȴ˵ȥˣȻҺϲ˵һűڼҺúôš
Ǻðɣɲֻб˻ҽݸүϲƺ˱й˵˶ӣΪסӳʲô£
ò˵үͱ£ҽݿŰıȴ峤εƶʮ磬ĸı¡
·ϲһǰȥҽݣҽݽڴβտЩĵط·ϾѾܿϲǱȥˣ
㿿˵⻹еˣϽߣүҪҺһӭء
ͷ·ٶȶȻӿ죬ں滹еϣǰզûôأ
еҽſڵʱүѾڸͷ˵ˣ⼸ͷүԵ緢ˣЦݵӿźܺͰ
ү̳֣ͬΪļͷ˵ⲻ˵ͽ͹ˣǰ
.

һʮ£ĸ

΢΢һЦŲ˹ȥʦλǰǺá
ͽ治ҽ߳Ͳ˵ˣҲ۰ͽܣʦ˻ܶһ棬ǿǾ
ͱ˵ˣҶҶҲǺɸְ
㿴⼸λ̾УһӡҲûеģ⼸Ĵ򣬺үһŸСӵҲǿ
˵ҲǱȽˣȻȫүˣҲǸĪˡ
ҽ¿ţôٵ˻ǽץҩģÿ˶ץҩؼңᰴղ˵֢״ǿҩ
ԽͬеĹϲǱͱĴץҩˣЩͬк˼ʱͲõˣ
һʱ˳ӿҽϽұ𼷣зݵģҪˡ
ʵ̫ңүɴӸ밲ȫҪЩץҩˣ
Ϊ˸ϽЩץҩȥүɴͷҲˣһͶСˣǰҩٿɿˡ
ҩСӶãԼץٶһ΢΢üǼүû˵ʲôҲò֣
ǿ˲Լץҩ֮ǰĴɩӣԼ廹ûȴֻҩųԡ
ҡҡͷûעһЩ֮ǰŵҩǰɩĸм֮ɫ
Ҵæµ˰ʱ֮ҽ˴룬άҲһŤͷǱ߿ȥ
רעĸץҩҩƺƵģʱҲ̧ͷ˵Ŀֱײһ
ȵͷץҩô࣬Ķʱ䶫ġ
ͷʢʣµȼĨһѱͷϸ΢С飬Ͼˣʱһ¾ͻȣ
οҽոô˼ţ綼ԲŻȣûôǺöˣз紵Դһ˿ˬ
Ǹץҩ
һ΢۵ǰ̧ͷһǸʮ꣬ʶӡ̣⺢ӽиĸס
⺢ӿЩǱǱ˼ˣ·ϻմųΪһ˸ոôӵȺＷˡ
.

һʮ£մ

԰ɣǰһΣҪץʲôҩºͣԴϴǸ׷֮Ҳû⺢ˡ
ƺҲôڴ߶ٿҲ˵⺢ӵ飬ûʲôˣɫҲ˵ùȥ
ӪҲûʲô󲡣϶ҩ϶ԼĸõģҲ֪ǸŮôˣܷ˺Լ˰ɡ
ֻ˵Ҫ˿ϵҩ鷳ɩӸһЩ
ͦòģֻһֱͷҸ˶ӣҲ֪Ϊʲô
Ķ˰ɣҪͷҿһȥɣ
㻹һСƿҩݸ⻹ȥĸףǸŮһЩ㲻κãܹżѡ
ҪȻôôҰ㲻֪ԼǿʲôԷġ
ллĺ⣬в»˵㣬ҾͲȥˣټӹҩ˾лȾܳҽݡ
Ҳܳȥ׷Ϊ滹λץҩأϲļλȴүæôãүⲻȥ
ʣµҲˣԾʹȥȲˣֻʣһץҩˣ
ˣȻǺйǲϴȥǵпԼ͵͵ȥһ˿ͺˣǺӵļҲ֪Ķ
һүżͬвιҽݣټҽݿĽүҡ
ֻͷȫףŸȵͷ۵˵ϵб°ҽ˵ͽˣһСأ㻹鳤꣬ϿȫȲ㰡
ǼУҽôҲýϣسЩ˶ĵطһֱǺ֡
үб£ҽݽҲͰˣʮԵľͽСׯˣ⼸ͷǶүǮˣ
ҽݽҪӰɣϸ˾ٿһ˰
ˣүҲڣЦ˵Ҫӣӿɲһ˾ͳģҽݽӻͽһأ
ϣͽܿ治ĶǼġһ⻰̾ƽǹԼͽոѧӷѶѾġ
ƽʱõˣĶүմͽܵĸ
.

һʮ£ͷϴ

үͷ٩٩̸ûע⵽ڽԭǴոֹҽݿ˭֪Ȼ飡
һǣ첲հӾȻˮҽݣܳӰˮҽݣȴܰӻԼ
ܲˣ˵ӣû㲻þΪ뻹ԼԲŶȥˣھȥѿ϶ҲѲʲôİɣ
뵽ЩĸۣûϢģȻҲԼĻˣϻǸСһԼ
ţһ֪Ȼͷϴ
㣬ҪľСӣԼԣȥ취ٰԼ۲Уһ˲ɱ˵Ķˡ
Ҳ֪СӲöԸӶˮҽשߣ֪Լ϶òˣôôأ
У侲ú룬Ȼ㲻Ը⻹ûԼӣҲϰӣ
͵ҽݣͷһҽԽԽɻײǣ׼ŵ
㳶ɤ˵ɶȥ
߽˵ȥϰ£ô
ȻƽҲôһײȴԸоԼ̬Զ˺ܶ࣬вˬ
ɰʵ׵׷ʵʲôҪȥϰ죿֪Ϊʲôء
˻䣬΢΢üԱЩãũ߲Ǳȥ˸ɵûߣ
ܲһڼŰɣҪȥϴһũȥûҾˡ
ɴ۾û˵վһ߶ҲҶ
ḡľٶ÷УֱһܿħצҳĸǸʲôͥڵʲô
ĸӣҲܵ˵ɣҲʱ֪ԼǷĴģǰ˴Լ񶼲Լģ
ͱ˵Ŀģ޲ðˣ㣬Ķȥũߣһũߴɹĺܡ
ӲĶˣóңҰ֮ǰõũ߶㣬ҼҷҲǷţ
ĸףǸѾܶˣϣ֪һ㣬Ҫٴ⣬ũ˱ģҲҪˣȥˣؼҰɣ
.

һʮ£Т

һôȷľܾϵ㹻һµĺũˣʣܸͺóԵġ
ΪʲôҪôȥһ׾ũߣɵӣʲôֵʲô²ֵ֪ģ
ǣȥıӰܻТӣȻˣ֪գҾ͸ó㻹СûӲʱ㡣
ʡôҵʱԴȢˣȻҺһԸңǰôˣ
ТʻĽŲһ٣漴ִ󲽼ᶨĳǰȥͷҲԴǵĸ˵ô˵ɣԼˡ
ǰԼ֪ԼТ˳ˣӦô˼˵ʲô
̰ᣬǰֻȫͭ壬ȫӣУԼԸ⻨ӡ
ƾʲôأԼ׬ģûṩһҲʲôˣûɸģ
Ըӻ֣ԸǶǱ֣ԹʲôԼͻȻ֮ˡ
ΪıӰĵ׵Թ޼أܺãũµظɻȥɣ˵Լũ߻ӸԼˣԸ⡣
Ҳµظɻˣ
պܿõԼһũߣ߸˵ûؼȹĿô˵ģЦЦҲû˵ʲôˡ
˸һֻҪпʲô»϶ɣԼ֣оǻģ
Լǿ̵ѡǶԵġ
ڱ˶ڵæأ˶ҿĻǮҪְæ˵үǰҲˡ
Ҿ׵ģԼʱүҪǮͦõģҲûɻ
ڳһ߰ӣһߺ˵Ż⼸ĻҲ˵һ㶼ţʱʱĻؾ仰
ɣϾͺˣӰÿû˻ģʱ˶ĶɣҪҪˣ
ô˵ӵٶȸ죬Ҳûʣˣܿܰġ
ȴĵ˵ã첻׺ǲģ㿴֮ǰ첻͸֮Żģ
š
㻰̧࣬ͷһۣĪϱ⼸ԼЩ䵭
.

һʮ£Ц

ͼһ˵ʵҵˣԼҵĵԼæ϶ûո˸ɻˣ
ᵽӵһ٣һۣ峺۾ԼӿһЩ
ʱҵæȻûҪȥǸɻ˰֣
ʹģ̫߳
ôһҲе֣Ҳûϣ˵𣿾еҵˣҴڼҾֺС
ɣҲɲʲôػ͸ˣ罿ĺܣǸӣʲô¶Լ
ڹΪңǹϵô⣡㿴һĪ˸ոԼǾĻб˼
ʵҡҡͷûУôô룿
ûоͺã
ȥʱûô໰˵ˣ̽СԴڳſ￴СģԽɰˡ
ףӻûðѾˣ˵űϲһָ
ϲСҹͻȻЦһࣺϹ˵ҿ˰ɣҲ
㣡ĺһϲĿǣͲܸӣ
ϲ쳯ЦЦͷС棬ΪһֱɫĹͽСңԼӶôˡ
Сҳ˾Ͳ˻ҴˣҪȻҲ
龫ֵıҲеЦãǱģȻý㵱ˣϾͿˣԹǺͽһš
ò֪ٱĺǼÿ־еᣬӡӺûԼôأ
ϲϲԼĶ࣬ӵĶԺӺã磬ǰ治ǸøףԺлӡ
Ŷֹһ䣬С鲻Ըĺϲˣ
ʱڵİӱҿ˹ܿƮɢȥԶĵط˵ڵļ˿϶ŵõŲܲŵأ
ӴӳõʱˣһеİҲû˵ʲôͽˣ΢΢˵ıոȻе㴥ԺвԾڴ̫طɻһĻ
.

һʮ£˭԰

Էʱûðӳԣǿ˵㣬ӹȥҵԣ
֪ѯԼԼͬҲðӹȥģҲûвͬ˼
ǸĬԵҲеѹֻȥЩۻһӣ
ЩųʵûԴȻҲôԴӵġ
ӷŵֱߣº͵˵ЩӦùԵ˰ɣҲ֪ƽԶ٣
˹ˣȳţҳȸȥæӾҪߣ
̤ż־òףסҶС
΢΢̾һ˵üɣҸо˵ĻԲϣصİҲ٣üҲûʲôϵ
Ҳ֪ӿԼһҲԲϣʲôˣʲôõĶŸɣԼ
һڵʳʲôõҲ䲻ͷϣ
ԼͰӵʱøǳԵƵҰˣзξǴֲڵѣǰеϡࡣ
ϡ඼ûˣҲֲ̫ɤӣץһ̻ʵĿУһĻ΢΢Щᣡ
Ѿ˰İӣù㳢
˵һӵעȻǶ֪ɶʱļţֻڳԷʱǲר־ġ
Ӧ˵ϳԷǿųԵģôһ㣬˭˿ܾͳԲʱ¹ﻹ綼û˼ʲôģ
֣ڳˢˢǿеİʱֱǿС
ɶû˵ʹһֲӶûˣ߹ȥӡ
ʣµĶһߣһҲʣһƺǾòĿ䵽ϵİӣ
湻Сģĸ˾ӹ˭ԵİݺݵĵһƺԶ˵ĺôðӸԶˡ
Ȼ֪٣ǸжԽԣ
ﻹǳȸϽ԰ɣһһҲԲϣ͵ҾȻˣǳԷɡ
.

ٶʮ£Զĵط

Ƴһ̻ʣûԹһɾˣҲõģһ˵ԳԳԣɻûô
ֺݺһԼɷһĹѾ¶ǣ뽫ʣŵһ
Ȼ֪뷨һһֱӽӶһҧ£۾ֱˣ
ԸӶУеˣûûεģжӹŮϱԲء
ͻȻĿһۣʱںʲôҲ˵ˣֻ̫£δģ
Դϴγ˼֮͸һƵģǰҲûٳưһô仯ô
ڨڨĿԼеİӣһ߻͵͵ܾʮֵĲԾ
˵ߣԹɫ֮ǰһɹĴȥǸ˭ҸɻҪҪˣͿһ˳ȥ
Ҳ֪뵽ʲôǹһ˿ݵЦ⣬ԭõ鶼ͻȻ˲٣ȻŤ֫СС
ڼһȻ˯ţôҲЩˣ
Ҳûйʲôɣûʲô㻹ģƤԽ
ԭһһ۾ͺã˭֪˯ˣһֱ˯ʲôʱ֪
ڶ峿۾ԵʵʲôʱģôҲһ
Ҳڸո˯ѣеСԺ״̬˲
˯žûҲûʲô·Ҫ㣡
ɻĿôˣ˼ҲҪµظɻ𣿡
ÿ϶ˣȻ϶ˣĶһڴϡ
Ҳͦ磬ոһЩ
Ȼͷ˵˺üˣǶ˵˹ˣҪٴȥ˸ɻˣũˣû뵽ȴûũȥˡ
ѹô΢ʧģֻ󹷹һ̲סԼצͷ
û£ұ£
ǲ֪ʮҲǼ˼һЩ˸ԼɻﲻҪǾ͵ȥԶĵطһɡ
.

ٶʮһ£Ҫ

׬ǮеԸȥɣũҲǣԾԶĵطлֲܶһˣ
Լҿɣ磬˯һȥˡ
˵Ѿףˣ˯ϲѵġɾһ㣬ǰҲôܻ䣬ǼЩ죡
ҪĺãСɫҲôȴһΨһеȱݵľ·ǲס·˵ֱЩطɹڡ
·;ֱȥ˳㿴ĵط¶һĨ΢Цֺܿ챻
ȥҽȥһɣʵڲȥϸ˰ᶫҲǿԵģɽϸ˸ɿģ
ʱĻؼңƺҲټʱûأּܵſš
ɽţŸɾʵһզˣ
ͷе㲻˼ɽ׼ȥϸɻ˰ɣҾͲȥൢʱˣҾһ¡
ɽһ˿ȻǼװʲô֪ʵɶ°
ɻĵطҪҪ˰Ҫ˵Ļȥš
⻰ɽ¶һΪ֮ɫѾˣҪأҪĻȥҲһȥˣ㲻ڼҿӵȥôԶĵط˭ܰ
ǰԼӾȻſӣЩģһȥæ鷳ӵԼ
ȴһ㶼ûע⵽˼ڰ˵Ҳûϵȥұ¶ɣɽæɣˣ
ȥıӰɽҲεҡҡͷҪ־͹á
һҲûҵʲôɣ˶˵Ҫˣұ˿ƺͬˮһܶԶ֮
ƻˣһСҩؼҵʱͿôһ棬һſüģ
ôԼһʲôˣɴ߹ȥ£Ҳż϶ǳŪ·
ǿЦЦ˵ҲûʲôˣǿҶʱҲˣҴˣһҵ¸ɣǶ˵Ҫˣ
ͻȻɫŹһʵʲôȫ˵Ҫ𣿡
.

ٶʮ£

զоǱ˹һأѵΪԼ֮ǰڼҴ޵£֪ˣǸҷϣԶԸˣ
š˵ҪˣҪ˵Ǹɻĵط̫ԶҸȥ˼ﺢû˿
ɵˣݿһۣ˯ˣԼţ
еСɹޣĵ˵㲻еƺԸ㡭ΪʲôǾͲ֪ˡ
治ʲôֵģص˸ͬµ˶ûʲôģǰһֱǸҵɻ˵ҪǲԸҲɣ
ôأ㸸æԼǺüĶأȥ¶ɵġ
û취ֻڼˣˣȥûʲôܸɵģȥũߡ
Ҳһ֮ɫ㲻㰡Ϊũ߾ȥɻ˭֪ûɸɣ
ǾͶɣҩ㣬ǵĨԼֱӺϣɹĺڵģú̿Ƶģ
㽫ԼƵҩŵĴУСɹޱŵʮŨصвҩζ̵ĸ壬Ө͸ġ
ɹε˵һˣҪôʲôⶫ϶װɣҪðɣ
ҡҡͷרŸģҲãҪǲǾֻ˷ˣ˵㻹ȥŰɡ
һɹ޵ҩҲûʲô̫ãƤ΢һ㣬ȻϸһЩһжʮˣƤֲڵʮģ
ƴСɹޣҩŪ˵Ҫ飬Ҫӵⶫˡ
ʶȤôһ˵͹Թ˴ɹޣ뿪Ц˵ǿҪɸСˣаҲô˵ˡ
üͷ΢˭˵⻰ˣôԹԵ˵ȥ˭ˣôǰ׳ˣ
˱СЩЦ˵ҳôɲΪ˴ܵģ˵ˣһб˻˵²סǵģܲܰǵϣ˵ɣ
˫ȣԴϥϣͷ㵹ͦĿģ
Ŀ㻹治֪ĿͲþԼҵˡ
.

ٶʮ£

šү˵ôһ仰Ҫӹȥ͵ö࿴һ㣬ټƽһЩ
аɣûëûվҪûԼԶˡ
ѾˣʱϲԼһⲻ÷ȴ˯ˡ
ɫ磬ҶҲǺ֮ܶǰϲ˵ҪĵпգɴԣҰæɣ
̧ͷһ죬ڵˣߵ˵ȫӻ˯ţҲţԵĳ
ҲûʲôһģڼﻹһЩ춹֮ЩҪȻĿ϶ɵˣ
ʱǱѵģϤζ˯йЬӶûһܵƼڵĵĴ˳
ۣãĸͱĳˣڳſڿĵЦĨһѶͷĺͷȴƼûЬӡ
ôҲЬӾ͹ˣȥЬӴãСʯͷѵ˽ţȻнԷ
Щ֮⣬⺢ӽϵĶ˺˲źûãСѾЩСʯͷֱȽ϶࣬͵ŪԼĽš
Լӣתͷһ̵ȥЬӽϲϲŵܵϴ֣Թþ͵ſ
ķ˵ϵıȽϷʢˣƬƬ⻹ûģž˻ζԽֱƬˡ
СͦԵģͷĵģܾˣⶼԣֱץһľͣ
ı¿СԴ˵Ա˼ǵȥˢĺ𣬳Զ˶ãܻŶ
˵ԵĵĶҲ˿ûСƵĵͷ˵仰˲ˡ
ϲ˵ԶҪ˹ĺܶ࣬ŵСڵĿţˮ۾㿴Сģˣ
ҲţŮӼУ󻹶һӣԼƳһеĿӡ
һոѾÿӼй˳ˣԼУʱһʱ뵽ĲǲǾáմĿˮǲϿ϶ҲУ
.

ٶʮ£ϴ

Լ˵Ļ಻ðﲻЩ߰ģĲ
״ǰһ£㣿㷢ʲôԷ
Ŷ㻹ǽƬȥˣ׶׹ˣⶼС¡
ֻһֱԣôŵǲڣ֪ҲĺһЩĿʵ̫ǿңԶԲ
Ҳǲ֪ĶˣǶʵܲˣɴֱ̧ͷ˫ۡ
㲻Է϶ҿɶһֻۣһۺɱе㽿ζջԼĿ⡣
в˵ȴһ˵ҲԼҼвˣ
ŲˣȲԼҲٷŵУֻԼ˵иǰɣϲСöԵⳤġ
˵ˣֻý˶ŽϲУ
ҹڴϷȥ˯ţæ̫࣬ܣæſץҩʲôģ϶˺ܸоġ
ϴ裬ǼûϴĶ͵طϴõԡͰ˵ǵطСûطžû취ˣ
һֱȥģɴֱ۽סʡҶͬʱȻʵ㲻˯Ҷʲôæһ죬𣿡
ǲۣټ£ҹ˯ŵģûʲôѰ
ϴ裬˺ģǼûطϴ
ҲʲôֱӺ˵ˡ
Ҳֱ˵ţڼû취ϴģȥɽϣһСǰǱϴģҪȥϣҲ˯ˣ
ðȥû˵ͷˣ·Ьӣ׻ϴѹغüţĵɽȥˡ
ɽ·Уˤһֱǣ֣¹ɽ䴩УһһŮʮֵá
˺һŴԼܻأɫСˮͦ峺ɾģΣиĺˮ
ʲôأˮе䣬Ҳܽܣվ˵ҪϴϴɣȥǱŵ㣬ҹӦòģˮǵñϴ̫á
.

ٶʮ£תȥ

㣬̧űԶһЩֱڲݴԱϱ˳ֻ޶һӲݣɽϻľʢϥߵӲݣ
ЩֲڻҲδܷ㣬ǰϴʲôҲȽϷġ
Ҳ飬ˮɾȥˮУէһˮĸо˸飬Ҳϰˣ
Ǳߴϸ΢ˮŲȥ࿴룬Ƭ̴ľ̻ͷһۡ
ֻƽˮ¶Բļ򣬻ͷɢģϻһֻСзҲ벻СȻ
Ҳãˮûþͱһֻзеȣʹ̲סһʶľֽԼзץ
һֻзŵϽӵ˲ݵϣз㳶һֻȶ
㱻зУҲʲô뷨ûˣЩʵôû°ɣ
ûû£ǱСзһ£תȥ𿴣
΢죬з󣬼Ҳʲô⣬£ֱˣʱϣҪڰ죬ˮô峺ʲôҪһɶġ
ŶһԹԵתͷȥոģԺɢ
ĥ˺һ㴩Ѳתһﲻ߹ȥķһȻȻǣס֣ؼң
صǵͷ˯ԼˮݾˣȻҲøǱӻˣӹϸëëһ
һˣǳ׵һ˯ⶼûˣҲҶʲôӰ˯㣬Ҳ־ˡ
Ӷ߿¶ǳɫ£ĲСƽ̹Լɽ;ôǰ
۾¶֮ɫİѱӸһЩͷͷһǲɵϣ
ڶ죬ʱĵķȻ˯ɽ˷ѵʱ̫ˣˡ
Ҵϴ򵥵һ緹ʱѹվɳ緹ȥүҡ
Ѿʼȥɽϲҩˣ峿ɽûôȣһȥǻʱ㻹Ǽͷб
жȣΪصԵʣ˶ĶȻູܶ
.

ٶʮ£뺷Ů

һ¨ҩģ΢΢˵㣬㿴ûвʲôҰ֮ĶжܸõĲҩ
ˣⱳ¨ﻹвҰˣҲҩʱһժȻһңүõؼҳԣɸۻˡ
ҲһѾȥ˾̱ϣ
ûʲô˻ץҩ㵱Ͱѱ¨Ĳҩһ£ﻹûʲôӲݻжĶժ
ЩҰˣʣµȫǸֲҩĵͷԻЦͦҰ˲ĶǲҩȻүЩҩҪ
˵ЩжֲҲܲɻҿԼһЩҩʲôģֻʲôأɵʱҪע⣬ɱԼжˣ
ҲЦ濪ģĺˣҵң쿴߶ߣץȡߵԵġ
ᵽҲ߰Ů̸֮ɫĶȻô󵨵˵ԣ
һ˱˵ˣǿ߶µҪ޲óˣ⻢ҲǱ뺷
̸үˣһ¨ĲҩҲǿ˻һүĲôˣ
ſڱԻ˵ɽϱ̫㣬һҲȱ˲Ķȥһϲôҩˣúܶ˰ɣ
ү㣬ֻ϶úܶġ
Ҳǫ飬˳үĻ˵ǣúܶܶġ
ҵſأЩҩ඼Ƚϳʮͭô
үҩļ۸һ㲻һ㲻٣ȻڴӦֹסЦ
УʮͭѾˣǻ׬ĵһͰʮͭõжˣһԵҲΪˡ
컢ؼҵƾͲһˣģģŸӵĲˣ
ǸŮǿҽݵطǺŮǰǷֿģ㸺Ůӣү͸ӿ
ǰɫ԰ףСһʹĸ˷ϵ֣Ȼҡҡͷ
ҡͷǸ˵ƺӲ԰ˣһץסּеʵմҡͷʲô˼ҵĲ𣿡
.

ٶʮ£Ȳ

ǲΣβˣ֢״ֻ֢ĿǰҲΪ
㿴ǰⲻʮĸˣľ͵ӹƶӦþӹǷִƵϣ
ҲΪûзҩôˣһһҪע⣡
ҩֻһŪò˵ڸȾô죿鷳ġ
Ļ˶ϧͬĿ֢ŮˣŴŮ˺öˣҲȽϴ󷽣
һҽݾҪӣɲóȻգϾ֪ʲôϲأûаκõǲһ㶫ġ
մһҪȾҰôôβأ
˽ץĸ첲ץһһҪŶʮ꣬ոչϺӣôܾôˡ
Ůץ㣬һһָİ˵ǵ˵ҲɣѾǾ֢ˣˡʵΪ
ӵ㿴ǱѵҲûбİ취˵ٶҲûá
һҵģ̲ס̾˿ʲôŻʱϽȥɣʱҲûжˣź
뿪磡
ʱҲͻȻ侲һʵմһж೤ʱ䣿
һأ̵ĻҲµ£
˳ĬҲ˵ҪߣʹվܽʵѾˣʼѯʱĲ˵Ĳ顣
˵ǰ֢֮״ЩƵŮ˿ɾĵÿ˶һ䣬ⲻǾ֢ɣ
ǲûеʲô֢Ǹþ֢ĸҲûע⵽ʲôʱߵģǸҲΣ
ľȲǸŮˣܹôԴǸŮˡ
ǳʵһȥүһҽݣȻظңߵſھͼһ̧Ÿ˶ߵԡͰߡ
߻ϲΪСС;͵øŵˣͻȻʱ仹ҪǺã
û뵽ô˵ﲻϴ裬ȥ˸ԡͰֻĶǸ⣬˸ʣ˯ǼСӡ
.

ٶʮ£û

طҲ󣬿϶ǷŲôԡͰģҲڸڿ̧ŶؼңԡͰҲһƽ⣡
ԼһӵڻֻһСľϴӣҾȻˣеط򡭡
ߵſڣƳһҲûͽԺˣͻȻһԼͷȥ
˵ǲӣôСôﰡûطţջľˣţͷ˵Ҳ٣
һԳĿ۾ֱԡͰϣͲˣһԡͰҲôۣ
ֲʲôصĶҪͻ˶ͭðɣǲⶫġ
ȻҪõģڷĶͲˣǶӲ£㴦ΪҲģڶӶˣҲˣ
Ͳùˣ˵⼦ǼˣͷǵֻѼؼÿûιҲ
ſڣһ˵һ󴮵Ļ⵹ЩĿɿڴʲôʱ˵ˣ
Ҫϸޣ˵̫ˣﶼˣʵúúùˣʲô¶Ҫܡ
ﱻ˵סˣһϵģ治֪ʲôãҲɻ룬ôͻȻ˸һ
Ƥôˣ㿴ȥа⻰϶̵ģҪȻԼ϶˵Щ
Ҳ˵ϻˣֱû취˾ʲô¶һ£˵ôС׷Ķ
ˣôأЦЦĿ
仰ƺ»ﵱ˵˵ǲ̫ã˼Ҹ˻һأǼûطšҪɣۼҶݻиСӣɣ
÷һð
ô᲻֪˼㵱˵˰ɣżֲֻСӣʱȥһ˶಻㰡
ҾҲǡվһˣɰ
ûʲôѶŵԼȥˣӲԡͰͦģô̧öأ͸ˣ
ϧһҲڼңǵô˻ûꡣ
.

ٶʮ£㶮ʲô

˵СӼҲˣŷּҼ찡ôˣ
ͻȻķŵϣ󰡣Ը
㵱Լߣһĸ׻Ӱ˵Сء
￴һۣ˵ҲǣһŮ˼ܣСӣôᶮأҪɣҿҲͦæģ
һҲڼҿӣҲû£СһΣʡǸ̶Զˡ
ôУӿˣҵûµظɻۣôô£أ
ֱӵǰҲ֪ԼĸûģǻҲԼҵ»ûæ꣬ͱϹˡ
ϲҲģɲ£վʮ˵аϲֵģ㲻ҪһһСӵĽУ
ԼļƻʧܣҲŭˣԼ죬ô˾ôУҲҪܣ㶮ʲôּ϶ǰͽҲû˵һ֡
Ŷǿ֪ǰǶһӣ
ԴͬĿһۣҲ֪⺢ʲôôһӡ
˺ˣؼЪȥɣӾͲˣ
Ķǲ˴ǲҸǸӻ֪ôԴأͲ˵ˣϲøϴ
ǰһӺֺýŵһĺӸЩﲻˣ㵱ȻǷǳӵģ
ﲻİĥ˺һûаͨԼҵ˼Ų鲻Ըˡ
ò˵ŮǸƷʲôŪȥͲʲôõĶ
ԡͰʱȷԺ˵Ȼ˿е㲻̫ãҲûİ취ˣʵڲǾͰȥ
ϴõĻ̧ȻҪϴĻҾźʱίһ°ɣԺ󽨸õķӾûϵˣ
˵·ӣԼûã¶Ҳطɣ˵ֻԼò˼Ҳ֪ôԼġ
᲻Լһûµ˻˵ЩᣬԼͦ˷еġ
.

ʮ£

ûʲôΪ֪ӿ϶ǻлµʱֻǲǽ죬Ҳ죬ĳһ϶ᣡ
ףҪûչˣ㲻Ҫߺòãͽ϶Թ鷳ġ
Ϊһִ̼˽ƺֻصʼʱǸ΢Сģ
״̬治ǶʱǸıģοӣ԰ģ
ԡͰȻֻţ͸ϴ˸裬Ҳ֪ǴĶһӣ϶ġ
ϲһŮӣϲζʱĿҲ˰Ǽ£СһֱлЦﴫóӺ֣ܿ
ڶǴȥһɣȻһֱһ񣬵ţȻҪȥҽݵģ·ϻҪҪŪ
ӿƽ򵥣ھҩ׬֮ͭ͸Ĳҩ׬ҲԼӹ˾Լ
Ȼþ
ڴڸӳƪĵ𾢶ȴһƵ߸Ҫ塣
һеȣòү߷ƵӣӶʮͣȴǱһǺܺýӴӣ
￴˶ʱĲȥˣһվųӡ
ҽߣץҩȴСıܹү˵үүҸ㣬ˣЩؼң
ʲôүһ£Լ֮ӾȻ¡
һʹҽݴ˳ȥܳһѧѧ󱼳ѧУٶȣһûпûץҩ
үһЩ˵Ȼ㸺𿩣ȻҲܺүĶӳʲôӣЩٶ²ܣֻѹеĺģĵĸ˼ҿץҩ
ʱ˲߹ˣʰһ½ҽŹغãԼǰүһ̽
û뵽үſڻͬһĵĸˣֻԼһͦ˵ģǸеĿûʲô˵
ԺүֺǺǵıŸСӣЦǶϲˣ߻վŸ㣬ʿ̫õĸˣ⼸ﾹȻҲүҵԺ
.

ʮһ£ס

һûһĺǸ˵Щʲô߽˲һֱڸ˵ЩķеĻɲʲôӵģ
ѵ˵Ǹʲôб£Ǯ
ź˹ȥȻסֱЦԶľͿλĵĿģһǵһμôĵأλ˭Ҳҽһ£
Ҳǵһμ㣬ֵȤϣ겻ϱˣԽԽ˰
ϴĺǰȣľԽĺܺˣ
үһֱźӶ֣㰡Ҹһ绹ɩӡ
ָŸӾ˵ҶӣغöҲһֱûôؼңǰҲûô𡣡
ȻүֿԱǸˣɩᣬұĶӣ㿴ɰ
΢ЦŵͷǵڶμүˣμžۣϴҽݽɻҪ˵ĺܡ
үһһĽô죬֪ôʣĺõԼڽˣ
㣬Ҳϱյĸͽܣҽɺˣܶҽݰˡ
ͷҲǴкˣ
ʱһֱ̫վŵĸָԼȷ磬۾ȵĺӲ˵ʱһ·Ҳû˯þңҺ˯һɣ˵סĶ
ϸһүļң˵Ǵ˺ö࣬ǿŻǲôϧˣزȥˣһֻôƵطˣ
ŶӣŸˣ仹ûʰأȻͰӸʰʰ
үһ ӵݸ֮ǰòסķߣİ̫ˣ¹ʲôĶûУүͷøϽһ
ԼǲҴҵſھ˵Ҳʰ̫ˣҲס˶ã֮ǰﲻһͷҼǽ·ȻͰȥˡ
˼Ժ󲻻ˣסүסŲͷԼӣǿرҽݣү֪ô˵
ΪⱲӶٻˣ˭֪ھȻˣĶϱʹӣ
.

ʮ£ֲ

ǸʰҪúʰģϸòҰæǿյرүһ𽨳ҽݣ춼˵ǿõĲء
ҿҪ˶þܸһ֮ǰһھȴջסɣϸôûǣƽʱĺأͺúúһʱɣ
ʱԵر飬ү֪ô˵˳
ŵĿԼһۣǲϲֲʹԼ԰ԼǷӵĵؽҽΪ
аһĻˣԼסĵطûס˵仰һ֪ˡ
ֻү΢ŵ˵˵ĽʲôⲻҲǼ˵Ͳסһ˵ˣȹʱͷӶˣٸ򴦸ĵطǣ
ʱҲ˲һϹֵסԼҪģԼ˴ӣүζˡ
ձʮֲãЦһ˵ʦȥѷʰһ£úӺɩȽ˵İɣͷԽԽ
ɩƤôãôϸۣһӣĶסɹʲô»ͷٺú
үͷ˿ỳĺӾͽӶϱʰȥˣ
ոЩүΧˣڳȴĽά˼źߵǰҲ֪ĶóԲΣһָС
ƤǺܺãһֱĨģɴһЩðɣⶫҪĻûеģ
һ߸ϣʹ˵ģ㣬е㲻Ц˵һҰ帾ͲֶˣɩԼðɣϾҲ򲻵ûôء
һ㲻ʶаɣȻ㲻ҪҾԼˣ
˼һžۣҲûжţүȥʰʱǷ͸ˣȥ·Լ
תͷ⣺ҵҲֲܴڰɣ
ȻҲȥȻ϶˵Ҿòֲڡ
෴ܺá
˵˵ǰֲҾˣڳԵúãҲˣôôأ
ԴһԼе̥һԭֲڵƤʼۻͷҲӲݵ״̬ں˳
.

ʮ£

Ҳһģƺ˵Ҳûı仯ôô׳ʵ
˵үĶӺͶϱرദӽͿˣǸϱǼͥúܶˣǸһָ߸ϵĸо
ȻүʮƣȴүƣҽǷˣүеͳӡ
үӿ̫ܲù
ǣ˵û£̫ദٵҲǿˣҲ֪⼸굽Ǿʲô˶ˣǰǸӣ
ǾԺʲôˣ˵ǲǰʱ޻̸ˡ
СˣССȶͳ˹ΧȦȦҡβͣ໵Ľ
㿴ЦаСչˣڼҶˣֻת
ֻΧתĿһۣɰ㿴ĲˣڨڨЦЦ
ԽԽбˣƤӹǲˣѧˣ
һĿڼ򵥵ĳ˶緹Ҳ֪үҶɶˣ˼Ҷ緹ŴǱ߻һЦ
ûϣһȥҽݣһҲȥɣ˿Ÿѻˡ
ŹֿģԾͶһʵڲоʹڼҺˣ
㵽ҽʱеģںüԶĸҽ
Щˣ㿴Ҳҽ⿴ģүҲʲô˵˶㿴أүûü˵һ仰͵ôŲȥĲˣ
ڽ⼸λûʲô󲡣㿪ҩץҩҲˣ︻ԣģ־ͱȽϴ󷽣ǰ׻ӽˣе㷢
˭֪ԼȻزսһܸԼƬأ
ûע⵽Ѿĩˣү׬ȫóӵȥӻҩӡ
үϻʮӣû뵽ԼĵֱӰʮӾôͳǾһɵۣ
.

ʮ£ά

һͽܣǼҵҽݸ˿ôҪôӣ
ôҲòһʮôడ֪ĻΪʲôҽˣ
ԼǾȲӣү͵ҽҽݵʱӲҶʮŵԳɹɣܹʮ
Ƕʮ͵ҽݵģ˶ʮӣҲ˵ҽһ룬׬Ҳˣǲȣ
Ǳ˰ɣʮ㽨ҽݣֱӻʮˣȻҪԺһµһ룡
Լһ۵ģӳ㰲οʹЩ벻ģҿյ̫ƻˡ
ͶһŮ˼ңúõڼӣܵҽͷ¶ĸβһҲʲôöⲻֹܹ
үˣɫõ˵˵ʲôҽݵİ ÿ첻֪жĽβ
ûҽݾûôõ룬ֵ۸ʹˣҾԲɵǲҪ˵
˵⻰ʱүпѹ˵ģ᲻ˡ
Ҳˣָү˵ô첲գĻģôһŮ˲׶أ
λԼı仯ƺЩ󣬾ȻᷴԼĻ˵ˣ治֪ǸʲôԻˡ
˵ĶʵҽҲȥֵۣǲ˵˵õҲԶŵģ
һүԵúǼᶨԼôһˣʧһӣ˵ˣסǾס˸۱衣
ȥ˱ĵط˵ģЩŮ˼ҶٹԼҽݣ׬Ӻүһһ롣
ԼɣԼ׬ǾԼˣ˭Ҳ÷֣ʵ˭ռ˭˻˵أ
Լ׵Ťͷȥɴ಻ˣ˺һүº͵ʵȻҪⳤסߣԺʲô𣿡
ϾһڼʲôҲүĵ˽⵽֮ǰСģȥˣάŻģ
˵˾ǻؼҿϵģү϶طȥ롣
.

ʮ£ƻ

ʮֳĻصŸջؼû죬ͼҳȥҹԲɻԸļҵ𣿡
ûǸ˼һʰˣ㲻ϲҲʾˣ
ү̾˿ԼƢȱ㻹ûܸĵôҲûĥȥǡ
㻹֪ΪԼҽүû¶׬㹻ӾͿʼԼ
ѾʮȲˣҲֻðȥһЩҩĻҪĶ㶼дֽϣԻڵı£ֽϵֿ϶Ƕʶģ
̾ȥˣϾһҩģ˵ķӣ⻹ܾ֮ǰ֪һط
Ǵһҽе֪ģǺ˵Ա֮Ϊط
ضҩһҩˮȻûҩˮ裬ų嶾أԼ֬ãû
ȥ㻹֪һǿҩͷԸϲԣ廹Բˡ
ǶʱܹģȻϿ˲٣滹Ǳͬģ
ϣƮʮŨصҩζǺøڵĿھͻﶼǣֽץ½ǣǽźͼ
㳯ĵЦЦοĺˣһҩԡѣܿͻģ
ݺݵĵͷ㿴ϱ˰ɣĲСӲҲô֦չģˣҲҪȥôһѣ촩ųȥ
ЦĵͷҲ̫ˣûʲô캦ҩҲԼģ
һҩһЩȫԡͰʹźӳȥ棬ʱҲͻŮˡ
㣬ҲߣȥԡͰԡͰĹ󣬲Ȼﻹȥ
ֻ¶Դȫ˺ɫҩˮֻҪһŶ֬ͺˣһ
ԼԡͰ̫㣬Ҫչһ£
ԡͰﲻ˼˵˼㣬ԡͰǹƶûùΰɣҩԡˣһкܴĲҩζġ
.

ʮ£ҽ̳

Ҫˮϴ¾ͺˣ
һЩҩѣ㻹úúˢϴϾĶضء
ԼʱûԡͰʱҩ֭˺ɫϸĻ滹ϸϸһͣ
һˮͣȻˮǵģ
ŻֽţΪȻ˵㻹˵ҸоӯһЩ֮ǰˣ
ţȻȰЩȻˮϴһ¡
ô˵Ѿóľ轫ҩ֭ʢԶĵطһʢҩ֭ԡͰ̫ˣֻøľһ㵹ȥ
ϴһԼˬģҲоˣ֮Ǻܲһ̥˵ĸо
Ļļ򣺡ؼ˯һ⼸ݺܶģֻܾݵģ̫ݻƤͷģ
ͷĵİѼʰһŻؼңǰŸߣŴӻˣѾſĻ˯ˣϲҲǹǷġ
ٺӣҲ˯ˣ
󣬻ﱳŲҩ·ϣʶ˼㾪˵ɽϱ⼸ˡ
Ҳ˾˵ҽãԼ¶Ƕȫ⣬ҲǸһ°ɣȻ̵ġ
˶þͻˣƯ·Ѿˣ
վྐྵӣſûƪĻ̲סݺһ³Ƥ
ж಻мˣ
ؼҵʱȴӰϽȥеʵһǸȥ
ŶⲻǻؼҲüѰ˼ȥҵɣܲһֱŰɣСҪġ
˵ﵹҲ裬ʻĻش
װŵĿһۣԴ𾪵˵㲻ǰɣ￪Ÿҽ㻹ҪôѾȥɻϸʹˡ
ʲôҲѧŹˣ⺢Ҳǲ£ǰͺúúѧҽ£ڿҽݣҪǻҽܼ̳ˣ
ڵãʲôᣬȵи̣ҽǹأתø˹ܣϸ粻ãֻЩѧŹܹܣҪȻʱһҽжϧ
.

ʮ£׷

ɹˣ˵˵㲻ҽѧŹܹҽĿʲôҲУԺҽϱţ͸Ӻˣ
Ҽҵҽݣƾʲôţ
ͻȻһʶԼʧ̬æǸװŵ˲ŻؼңʵĿѾﵽˣȻҪؼҵġ
һ˵Ҳû˼ȥɻˣܻؼһƨϲ˵ ĥĻ
ӳôһģȻҪʷʲô˵ģĻһֲѧҲ˼
һᶨ˵๫Ǹ˵Ĳǲܳȥһˣ֮ǰҽץҪ
һϼƣȽүһƣʵҲȥҽݰæ϶ǳģ
ʱҽæµûɵĴ˸磬֪ԼѾǺܶ˵ждˣֻǵڶһ翴Ȼҽ
ģģôһ͸һ⣬үֱӸԺڵæÿһ֧ӣ
ȻүģҲ˵ʲôҽݵĲȨүʹҲ̫õţү¶ˡ
ҽݰæĵһ˲˲մҽ߳ȥͿһֱڵĻ
һĲãʵôˣԽԽ˻ˣüʲô
ǲ֪ҽ˲ҩȻ󸶸ұģıһ룬˵ʲôҩɽϱضǣֵЩͭ塣
Ҫȥү˵ŲãҲҼɽһ죬ôҩǧĴɽϱ͸⼸Ӷ
Щߵ̯֣ϾżöͭǮĿⲻʮ
Ҳ̫ˣǲ֪һ¾ͰǮҽǲƽˣ
ô¸ô죿ү
ãҼүƵľеĲݡ
û취ˣȻүֻܵ˵£
үÿôæһЩСǴô׷ֵġ
еĲ˵ˣһǲҩȥĵطɣͲܹҲҩүˣӸͭʵ̫٣ҲôⰡ
.

ʮ£

ԼŰɣȥһزҩ֪ĸˣƵʱҪˡ
Уҩȥһأ˵ɽϵҩԽԽˣҪõľ͵ɽָȥһΣգҸоҩܲɲ˶ˣ
ﻹ֮ǰ׬ͭ壬ǲΪԼҲΪ˺ȥ飬Ӹ
㸶Ñбķãɽһܸġ
ô˵Ͻ˵ǧΪ˼ҩȥΣյĵطʵڲķ׬ǮҪģ
㵣ԼģЦЦİɣҲûִˣ˵䲻ĻлҲúúûŰϾǿŵġ
ûףһΪģźСŰǿϧǸˣҲòֹܣˣ
ͷҲûٶ˵ʲôһͻ˵仰ͻؼˡ
ûߵſڣŵ˷˵ڸļ˼Ҳÿٷ㶼ŵҴȥζ
ԽĽӹˣ˭뵽ǰֻڼʳܹôõء
˵⼸ȥûҵʲôɣֻεļڼп춼ȥҲֻ
ؼҳϴ裬ȻͺҲʱ̹ˡ
Ҳһõʱˣ޶ӶԼߣˣȣЦͦõˣ
˯һڶȥҽݹȻûҽͲҩˣ¶ģ֪Ҳû˵
Լһˣò˾ˣľͲˣ
Ĳ˲࣬Ĺûôˣյİѯ˲ȷ֮ץҩûȥˡ
߸ץҩûüȴһȥĿ⣬߳ȥƣүʲôһ£ƺˤˣ
ձ˷һĻ˹ȥеʵʦû°ɣôôСģɵŵ㰡
үεЦЦûû£һ龪һˣȽҲԽԽûĵ㲻ǻ˿
.

ʮ£ס

ץҩأжҹһүֻûɿֱӰӱ²֡
Ĵһ£ûȥĶˣȷүûŻȥץҩû߳Ϳˡ
ȻˣүչˣҲͷĵȥץԼҩˣûõǸҩķҲûϸͿٵİ
λҲǵȼˣֱܵߴߴץҩ˺üǸ˸ҩǮͼҴҵˣƺʲô¡
λû˿ɿˣүץץҩһ£һҲôȥˡ
ֱҪؼˣүͻȻһûˣʵɽϱôҲûͲҩ
Ҳ֪أ˵ҽݵҩҲȥϲɹˣɩһ˲ɵҩͲһЩץģ
ʲôҲûүǵԼٽҩǮɣϾҲүӵļ£㲻֡
УȥһϰɣӶϣܿҩĵĺûͦȥģȽžͲȥˣҽ
үָָԼȫûע⵽Լɫԡ
û뵽Լ׵ȻôôһŮˣǰɲӵģϱ׸Լ׹ʲôԻ
ǰʲôҲ֪ģ˵ΪŮԼĻˣֱӷ˼ңҲôˡ
ԴŮ˳ϹϵĶǱ˸һĽ䱸ԽԽ㶼ȷоԼйɵ⣡
㻹治Ըȥɹҩү˵ԼȽŲвԸȥˣҲ˵ʲôֻӲͷƤЦУһ˾ˡ
ûµĻҾȻؼˣʦ㳯үӻ֣ԼתͳҽݣүӣҪ˶þͻȥʻôҽͲҩˡ
˽һ۸ҲסˣҲү¿Լƹҽݲ⣡
ͲֱܹˣԼ˲ģô˿ű˸õǮ
ڶ죬㻻һɾ׼ȥϲɹҩߵҽҪһ˵ǰҩҪ֣
.

ʮ£е㼱

ڼҲûɶ£ɴæ
ܲϲְһˣôҲԼϵɷôҲܱôԴ
ҲҺ˵Ҫڼҿӣ澡ʧģǷڼȷģԸӲʣɲػ
Žɵģ˴СһȥһϣȴŤͷʵǲɹҩһ㶼ȥĶ򰡣Ҳ֪·
㶼̲סˣ֮ǰȻүҩҪĶ
֪һҩ̣һȫǿɽϲҩΪģֻסĵطȽƫƧҪһ·أ
ʵʵĸҩ̼ȥֵĴ֣ϸһ²ҵҩһҡ
̤ҩ̵ĵ̣Ƽһڵ̴Цӭôôթ
λɹҩĵİɣСһҩʲôУȿ
ȷĴӵҩʵЩҩĶǽ²𣿡
ǵȻɹǲŰڳģȻеĻûڵҩǾȥģҲǷŵľ˵㣬һҲӰҩЧģ
ƹĺ˵һġ
ĸҩĶǮһﰡſھʼ۸㿴治ȥĵطҩҲûֱˣ
ɲһƹļ۸ʱץһҩľͷڱǼţҩζеء
ҩҩζˣҪ̫ؿڸʲô˵ļùùζ
һҩ⣬һߣƺĲ֪Լл˵һԾֻźƹ˵
ͬʱƹĿһּۣջĿ⣬Ȼֻһ˲䣬Ǳ㲶׽ķӦҲÿ֤ҩûпȥôã
Լе㼱ˣɴֱӶƹʵЩҩһӰҸոչſˣҲûע⵽˵۸񣡡
ŶͨвҩһֻҪʮģȻ΢ϧһģĺЩͱȽϹˡ
ƹʵʵĽԼļ۸˳ﻹɻǲѹûʲôԾˣ
һ;еһҩʮǮҲ̫˰ɡ
.

ʮһ£ִԲ

˵תҪߣˡֱԣҩǿ߰ɣȥĵط
˵мģһĶҪתһߣҲһʮ̫ˣһ¨ĲҩôҲúüˡ
ʱҪʮӹû뵽ϸӰʱ治ɽӳĲҩֱ˶˰
Ҳת׼һˣƹںæסǣɫ˵λҲȥĵطˣ˵ˣĵطĸ󡣡
󲻹Ҫȥ֪˵˿ɲ㣡Ťͷһ仰ĵĸһЩͳҩеĶǴŷù㶼Ҫ
һԸԳĴҿ˵ҩ̵˳ĸȥĵطȫ̶û˵仰
ô꣬Сİĺˣ⣬Լ·Ҳؼҵ·
Ȼ֮ǰǼҩΪ˲һ仰˵ԣҩĲҩȻĹ󣬵ʤãҲĸԸ
ͲԸˣΪӣʲôŹԼӻأ֮Ըӡ
ûӣֻܴߴϽȥ˼Ҳܸװҩ
ȴ˵ҩҲ̫ˣҪǻǻظոǼҩɣ
ҡҡͷʮĻصҲеģЩҩ滵ù˵ģЩβˣΪ󼸸ͭȥѡЩù˵ġ
ô֪ЩǷù˵ģҿ˼ǼϵĲҩͦõģ⻹Ϊҽ롭
ӲľǲԼ̰С˵ʵ
һĵȰ磬ʦ֮ǰ˵˵ģҿЩҩĵ㣬ôңҸȥЩõĲҩˣ
ҵǱҸȥǼҩ򣬿ɣⶼʲôʱˣҩĻؼҹƶҪˣ·ϻرȵġ
Ȱżͬ׼ʼǼҩ̵
ʵȰסֻвˣԺҪЩҩβĿǵ˺ӣһЩùҩûЧ
ǵ˿ɾǱֺģһǣôִԲ򡣡
.

ʮ£̰ͼ

һ˵ͬļ̲ˣԺﶼո˵Ļ˵ʮеЩӷ·ǱһٸȥǼҩ̣
磬ɩ˵ö԰Ķôûء
ǰǻǾɣܵĶ鷳
һǿʼ׷Ȱʮֲãſڱ˵ǡУǲȥǰɣǾͱȥұ˸ҰȥԼˣ
Ϊ˵ĲȰأ
Ҳһ֮ɫô˶ȰҪأҪȥǼҩ̵Ĳҩұ˸ˣҲֻܻȥүˡ
ȰסҲֻүܹסˣ
תߣҲٹͬļӻٵأ⼸ӱ㻹ܲɴֱӰҽܡ
üС㣬һʱ͵˴ڣȻ˴ǰһܵıӻ죡
ȻǱǱţһҲɣôԼشֻ»˵ģξԼǱʵڲ
һ˾ôֱҽݶȥ֪ȥϲɹҩĵģȴǿֶ黹һˣ׷ײ²ǲǳʲô飡
µ˸ɴֱӸߵҽ뿴Ƿʲôˡ
ү󲽴ҽ߽Ҳһ㶣ſھʵ㰡ȥɹҩˣҩأأôˣ
үȥֹɣɩӵȰ棬Ҫ̰ЩùҩĻǺ˵˵Ȱ
㿪ڣ⼸СӾֱӰ龭˳үէһţǶ˵ֲòš
ָϽȥϰһǲҪ̰򲻺õҩĻ
ûҽݾֿˣǻǮҽݿүô˵ķùҩá
ҲǼС̫żˣҲ˱ܿٸү˵£үȺ˽˺þ²ꡣ
ܿͬļһ˻ûаЩùҩһҽͺݺݵһۣ
Ҳ֪Լ϶Ҫˣ˿ԼҩǴģ㲻ðЩ˵ү
.

ʮ£Ǵ

Ȼҩĵ¶Ͳк֪ܶȻᱻǴ𣬲ò˵
˵Ҫùıҩģд£үһôĿԼӡ
ֻҲûзϣſ˵ҲʡͭҽһҲ׬ǼӣȫɹҩĵĻ
үһӣžһŵ˲ˣɫĺǳͿҩǾĶôʡǼͭùġ
Ǳ˳ҩģȴûкתͬƭǮƣǺͿ
ûԼôǰ޴棬ΪԼ粵䡣
˵˷ҪǼļʱֻ´ʱЩҩľҪ˵ˣ
˾ǴˣһǸԺ󲻻ٸɳֺͿ¡
Ȼ£үҲһ㶼ԼӣΪʮ˾ȻܸɳֺͿ£
ԻŵǸǣ鲻ԸĵǸģ⻹үԶЩ˰ĴϹ
ү˵ԵӲ̸֮ûаѺӽ̺ãʹɳֺͿҿҵķݶϲҪƽˣԴԺҲִ᷸ˣ
̹̹үڳǵһºҲү˧ˣ´һ˼Ҳͷ׷ˡ
֪жҲˣȻѹ̵ͷϣӵĿ㰭ۣ˼п˵
֮ùҩ¾ôȥˣһﶼܸүӵĲ£үȴǰԼӽе˷̸
үʮʵҸӻ㹻ܶϺõҩĻˣΪʲôҪȥ̰СˣҺ˵ĻԷǲǣ
㶼˵Щҩķùˣ㻹ȰǴһӣҪȻΪ¶ô򵥵ˣ
Ҳͷϣһϣһ죬һŭ𣺡㹻˰һһ㡣
ҲӣʲôΪģȻƫɹҩģӣȻǼʲôʲô㾹Ȼ˵
㲻Ҫô˼Ϊһкܺõҽ£õҩҲΪһ︺˾Ǵˡ
.

ʮ£Ҫ

˵Ҳˣҿȷĸ㣬췸ҿԺԥİҽݸߣ
үҲС˵˻ˣүÿһ仰ڽ
ӣүҲû취һӢôȴ˵Ĳ£
Уøƽϣô˵ɣ
ԼĸԵúûģƽʱ˹ϵ䵭ҲˣֻҪү˵һ㲻ǵĵطͻը
үҲһСܲƽϵľͲƽϣǽ¶ѾСˣү֪϶ԼҪ˵Լ䡣
ȻȥıӰүε̾˿˿̵ͻȻʮһԼ޷ڸӹϵô⣡
һ죬ҩĻȥϲɹģôڿɰۻˣϴ˸˾ô̱ڴϡ
Ҳ˵Ҫùҩ£֪Ƣãû뵽겻Ҳôˣ
ڴϺ˵һЩʱ£ʱǰԼɵѸȻߣܹ·ˣ
ôһֱĺã˶ǻģǸȻƢĺõվǲˡ
һŲסƤһϾô˯ˣ˯źͷڲһǣ۾Ҳ׼˯
̫ˣڴϾ˯˵Żž˯ˡ
֪ۣ˯˾һ˯ڶһ÷ԷݵǰģΨһԼڼҴޣ׬ӣ
ǲţһӾͻ˼룬ܾԼû£ʲôģһ˯Ҳ̱˯Ȼͻ̲ס롣
ڶ峿ϴãûüԾͿżæŵ˹
˵㣬ˣˣ
ʲôˣ𼱣˵Ҳ֪ʲôûＱӣҲΪӴԶĵطܹƺöˣҲûôˣ
ֻﴭ˿˵ץҩˣ˲֪ôģҩһֱŻ²ֹģ˼Ҽ˶ҽſҪء
.

ʮ£ҩ

ôŻ²ֹأȱţҹȥǺ򶨣ҩûԼˡ
ΪԭŻµģǺҩȻΪԼҩɣ
ԭ㶼ÿ׼Էˣ¿Ӿ͸ҽܣһۻ˯ĺӣҲŹȥˡ
Ȳ˵ǲҩ⣬Щʼ϶ιŵģ۸ȻҪȥġ
ҽſѾۼٴˣﶼУͬڱ˵Ĵ⣬һϷı飡
һʮһ˸үʣǸ㻹ӡץҩҩͼҴҵˣ
Ůɫ԰ףҲΪԼ缸䣬ſھҪ£ΪǲϰߺҩһҲͰˣ϶һϡ
үӦŮ˵ɷҲδүʼǲ²ģһͷôһ˿ͦģ
û˵˹ȥſھʵô£λ侲һ¡
ָԼϱ˵ǸյŮɣӳ㿪ҩⶼһˣô侲
㵽׻᲻Ὺҩͻؼҿȥʲôˣӻ£˵ôɣó취Ҿưոݵģ
һҪ˵ı鿴㣬̵ԼϱǰһЩɵۣӲơ
ģôôЩǴ˿Χ۵ȺڣֻҪ͵͵Цˣ
үߵߣε˵˵ٰѰʲôԭһֱ¸ͣģֲԸ⣬ҪʲôĽ취
дʵӾǳҩŲģһôǸҿ˵˰ҽùҩ˺ȣ
үǲ֪⻵´ǧﾹȻô죬һô֪ϢˣҽݵעҪһЩˡ
Ľ͵ֻǸˣǶһʱ ǲҲûַùҩȥҩҩɶĺҩģ
˵ɶɶЩʳҲ
һҲЩͷۣ㵽ôˡֱԣɫɲӲţŲǾȥұĴɡ
.

ʮ£

ӵҩǮǲǸ˻ˣȫҵȥҩԣ˭֪ûκ÷Ūĸˣ
֮ûӴȥˣƫƫ˻˵ûǮ仰
ɣһȥĴֳλɩͽҩץˣǾͽҩǮȥ
ķҲǸ𣬵մ⣬ϣܸͽܵǸ
үվ˵ô飬˵ҲУ㲻Լ˸ӿҩץˣҲøǵǸ
ôһ˵ãүȥ븽λ˷ֱ⸾˰Ѿ˽
үֱʵǶλҲΪʲôŻ²ֹˣھ͵Ŵһ˵˵ɡ
ƺЩݣүߴ£һλվʵմǿҩǷ޿ɴˣƣ
һֱ˵ӹǳʲôҩĶմǿҩץʲôҩĽȥ
Ҫմ򿪵ҩȷһµҩ⣬ԼʲôŻӵģ
Ҳվ̹˵Ҳǲʶ֣ҩҩĶĺúõģҲûвӵҩģҲץҩģ
ǲץҩ˼Ҽһ²֪ˡ˰Լҩֱӵݸλ
ֽ̲һСҩĳ˶һۣȻζĿү
үﻹףľץҩ˼ҳ˻ӵģҲǸɵģһⷴӦʲô׵ġ
ŭ㻹Ʊ磬˼λҵץҩˣдʵ˵Լûץ
˶ҳϣҲ䵱ҩץԺ˭ҳץҩ
ʧʧմץҩûһǧҲһٶˣ̫æˣһʱûŻ᷸С
Ҳûʲô󰭣ؼϢϢûˣմҩǮһС¾ͲҪôƽˣλҲһǵģ
һ˸һץҩĪ˵һˣ϶Ҳæʱ򰡡
ĴΪ䣬ͬΪǱκ˶֪ÿ츺ô˿ץҩжۣҲϣõ⣡
.

ʮ£

ѾɵˣǵԼûץҩģôͶôһζҩء
үҲֱߵλǰץҩ˹п˿
ˣ¾˻ҩѣӵǸ⳥ӽˣ¶ƺ˴˿Щ㱣
үҲûο´עһ㣬Сˡ
ͷҲû˵ֻɾԼûץҩƾնһζҩҲûа취ͣˣֻԼˣ
ǶԷԼλ֮ҽճţҲֻʱȴ£ר־ĸ˿ֻ϶Щ
ǵץҩʱ㽫һжа̾˿Ӱ컹ǲСģЩеŲԼˣ
Ҫ£үǱҲ̵ͣĿү˵˵ҪǷҲϳȥ⻰Ͳˡ
仰үɣԼүʣԼ϶ֻᱩףǲΪ룬ү뿴Сӳ
򲻸ٰߣ߿϶޶һ
Ǻĵ˵Ǿһץҩ̫æץһζҩǿץģֲʲô£
ԺҽʲôҪҹˣץҩʹˣһ˸˲ô֪𣿡
УԺҲհɣ͵ûӣ׶ӣʲôҪڱˣ
ǻ죬Ȼү˵ֻүҲǱ˵
˺һүźɸֵ˵ǰѧҽ㲻ѧʲôỹҽݰæ˵ܰʲôæһôб£ȻҲͬ㡣
˵˰ɣûãʲôᣬͲ̽Ҹ㣬ҪôߣҪôҴźߣҲݲң
˭ݲˣǰʮֲҸ㽲ҽЩҪϱȥ
үǼίԼǰôҽѧֹԼ
˵ʲôݲҪùҩô£м˵˻˵ݲүҲ֪Լôģ
.

ʮ£

ôһСʱˣԽԽ󵹰
ߣҾǿ˳ۣҲʮֺϲνһɽݶÿǺ˭ȥ˭ˣһĻҿԸ㱣֤ҽﲻᰲġ
үʵûţҲ°ôǴһָһƵ˵Ҳ׶ӣǸҪһأ
ҿŮҲʲôöʼƭÿ¸ҽһӣԼҽãԺ㶼ѹȥģʱǴ𾴵ˣʲô
ˣͲأҿҽݣԼʲô̲Űɣ
ү俴Լһۣ뷨ֺ˵˳
ϣӲ˵˵ʲôһȡ㣬һҽôҲܲ˻ȡӹĿͰ͵İɣ
øûȡˣƾһ£ĶǸô򣡡
үȻûƢ˵ĻȴʮֵĲô˵Ҫ㡣
үߣԼҪ취ˣΪ¶үһ˿ץҩеĲɵġ
ᰡԼҽǰ;ԺҽҪ䵽ǻôͲȷˣ
үܾͼСˣүԼһ˹¿Ĺ⼸꣬ÿ춼иԼ˵˵һ棡
òиˣȻҲǲСߵģĿ޷ǾһҽݣǾò÷ָôӡ
ԼߣԼˣʱʲôүҲұ֤Ҳܲסˣ
뵽Ϊİȫ룬үڻ¶˾ġ
磬үеԼǰүʮΡ
㰡үԲס㣬ʮӣܸҲЩЩӾͻؼҰɣԺҪҽˣ
һ㶣֪үԼʲô£û뵽͸Լôϲ
ʦʲô˼ҡҾǲСĸץһζҩҪҳҽ𣿡
˵ܿľүȻôС۵ˣ氡϶б¶㲻֪ģ
.

ʮ£Ļ

ֻүһ֮ɫĺ˵Ҳ˵ˣֻҪ֪ΪþͶˣ֪һ¡
ĶԲϷûҪҪСҽţöʮҽݣһҽݽڸǲص
ʣµʮһᾡ컹ģӾͿ߰ɣؾ͹Զˡ
ҪߣҲƤŲߣֻһΪʲô𣿡
һҪүΪʲôͻȻҪԼߵģʱıֿɲԶҽˣүԸԲ׸Լ뿪ġ
϶ʲô֮Ҳүʲô£òߣһҪʵġ
үȴʼղϸ㣬ֻһİ̾ǰү˵Ժʲô£ܰһæĻǵһҪң
үӾôؼˣٳҽǰͷһۣٶе᲻á
غˣҪάˣŴȥһҲִ򵥣
ߵſڣԶ㿴źԺ棬ӸĲֺֻԼʵ̫˰ɡ
Ȼźӵ־͵ӹ淭ôߴżϣһ鿴˵һأ
ϣҵ˭أⲻմ㲻ҽţؼҸɶò£ˮϳ˰ɡ
һˮͿվڸſڣҲûıڿһ㣬һ˵Ӳע⵽վſڵ㣡
ҲûԼĸ鱾˹㣬զʱˣҲ˵һȥˡ
Ҳʵĺ˵ͽⲢûзĺ飡
ոʵүϳˣ
ͷû˵ľֵܰɣүʲôʱôСˣҲ̫æ˶ץһζҩΪͰϳˣ
ҡҡͷ°һ֮ɫҿΪ϶бԭ򣬵үȴԸҡ
ֻ˵ΪҺãȥҽݵӶˣⲻƵô
.

ʮ£Ҳû취

ϡˡ
˾ôĬ֪үզˣֻб˵׾ôȥҽݣ㱦أ
꣬ҽϲסԼܵܵС죬֪㱻ϳҽݣζͲ׬ˣ϶᲻ĵģ
±⻰ٴŭ㣬Ȼƽôһ仰Ц󱦶СȻʲôû˵ˡ
ʱ㱻ϳҽݵ²ȫ嶼֪ˣ˵ĪˣһﶼǺСʮֳģ
һֱڰиӦĶЩ˼룬ΪľϣԼ־ܰ壡
㻹ô⣬ӶͶҽݣĸѪ޹飬ʱǲκζˣʳܲܳԱ⡣
ξˣΪԼΣˣԺҽݵȵүԺȥתҲܴ׬һʣү֪ԼԼڵʱЩֻ»ֱ
˰Ҳ֪үʲôԣɴȥôˣҲٳٶҲɣʧҵˡ
һȻϻеӣҲɽհ
뷨̸ӣУͷϵֲ֧ˣӲ󣬵Ǿ˵ҲǴġ
㷹ûʲôθڳԣǲŵģӲһЩ
ڶһ磬˯ѱ㿴һһ飬סֵ˵ģʡԼһЩ
Ȼٳȥҵɣ϶ܹȥСӵӣ㿴ͷϵҲˣҪ˶õģ
ʵϸ֮ȥ㶫ҲͦõģԼǸԶһ㣬ԼĸڿĻҲûġ
Ҳǵ㱾ˣԼǰҲûٱֶڿ֮࣬ʱܣȻʲôû˵֪϶Ҳܣ
Ϊͺ룬ûԶһĺãЩĵĻ
Ҳͨ˾Ǹûʲô˵Ҳָож˭ԼԹĿ࣬ô޶ٳһ顣
ڳﵹڸʳ޷ԵõģΪҲûİ취
.

ʮһ£һ

ȰοźãȻȥ緹ųưһȱͻȻҲûôˡ
ܳϷû¶٣ͷеΨһҪȥľǹ⣬Ѿܺˡ
㣬ţ
߳˿ȴ˺Լ֣һջһͬ˳ȥ
ĲǱˣԼǱ˸绹вĵʱôˣһɷı飡
ԼҲû͸ţǽ֮Ѱʲôϲˣ
æסձʵǸʲôһҼҷʲô
ÿ춼Ѽʰĸɾ࣬ôһĹ͸Ūʮң㲻ܵģرǾϴѼ֮
ձûشֱһߣµĶˣŮˣȻܣץȥúýѵѵ
˵ʲôܰĶȥҲˣ𣿡һҲԼҲãֱǰ
ͬʱ룬ѵ÷ĵһΣܲɷŹӼˣ
ҪȻҲᵽˡ
Ŵֱɵ˵ǸȻڼ͵ˣ㣬ҪȻĶȥ
ô֪ҲˣûӰҪ֪ˣҼǸɶ𣿡
˵㶼ҪԶһ㣬ΪǸ˵̫ܰĭӡ
ſڻ˵ʲôȴֱӴϡʮ侲˵磬֮ҵĸ
ţͶǣһҪסˡ
һ㣬ձֻٵ뿪ˣҲǸƷ÷˼ߣڼҸɻ׵õūһ
һֲʶһˣҲʲô˺˼
ҲţȥڼҴſ᲻ңٱץȥҪȻûʲôùӳԵģ
ǰŸߣҪͬȥѰˣȻǸﲻզģ㻹ĲԻǹһܰɡ
.

ʮ£Ϊ۸

Ҳû˿Թԣֻ֪ܱƵһŮҳߵˣԲʲôöеԵĻҲԲ㶼ˣ
ӵĵеŵˣ㷹Ҳ˲ȥ˺壬ϴָ֮һͷС˶Ÿ
˵ҲǺöûᷢˣΪһ˻ҪϲһС裬ԼÿҲҪƺ˵ҲǺѡ
ýȥһԼҪ̫ԶǣֳûԶ
ԶǼǱ棬ǲҹȥЩ棬ǻӳ֣Žһġ
֮ǰ죬ӸϲҲϤˣҪǻǸ˵ˣԺ۸ܵá
ԺҪ棬Ҳ֪̫ԱˣҵʱǹԹһ۵ĽţŻ۵ģ
ڻӿϲͻᳯ֣һ棬ȻͻĿɲֻдĺ ǾͲӭˡ
ӸɴͲЩСˣС˾һҲͦģǰټЦ
緹һĻе᲻ýǻؼҳԷˣлСֶգӵı׼С첲ҪһĲźã
ϲؼҳԷˡ㻹ǰĺӳԷ
ͬʱ˻һۣ¶һº͵ЦӣȥɽϲҩûɣӶ˲ҪҪȥҳԷ
ʵҲǲ˽ģȻӳԱ˻㺢ӶǱȽԱյģ˽Ǻõġ
дķζ͵͵˿ڿˮ̽ʵһͳȥˣ۶ûˡ
Ȼˣ
С˼ңȴϱ翴Żһ˵ԼҺӶԲˣȻӣӽˮˣ
ݺݵĵһۣʱ˵ɶˣÿӹæһ¸ˡ
Ȼǻ־ԼǺ۸˰ɣ
Ҳ仰СС;ͼǳ׼һ硣
ȻǳԷҪģһʱȵһǼҵöװ
.

ʮ£ϸƤ

˵һڣڳԷʮֵ㣬죬ȴûϰߣƺҲȾһԷҲһ㰡
ӳԵ̫æ˵ԣﻹأɱǺˣ
䣬Ӿ͵ؿһһŰѿɤ۵ȥϲ̲ס͵ЦͺֱӵĶЦ
ǰͦģ֪Լʧ̬֪ɬͷ˼ĳЦЦ
һٷӾô߸˵ĳԱˣԵƽ࣬ɴԼ඼øˣԱȻҪȥϴ룡
ԺţôһĹ򣬻ӲǴŽԼȡ÷ֲľƳɵĵȻѰ硣
ʱںӱϴѣѽģڲϲЩû˸ϴʮַ꣬ʹšѣ
úһƽչŪĶ壬ӾʹŽڲԶ«έһЦӵϼСʯͷ
ϲ˵õϣʱʹһȴ֪ԼϵСʯͷǴĸģ
˭˭ڰСʯͷңĺһȴκλӦıЦЩ¡
Ҫ緢ǽŻõǵ͵ð
ȴû«έˣȱ۵ļѣӻ꣬ϲӲһСʯõϡ
оһʹ·«έȥҪǿ˭ӵô󣬾Ȼô磡
ȻǸұҲûһӰⲻ֪⺢Ѿϲתˡ
ɴҲϴˣ˸͵ɣͷʰ·ȴԼϲȹӱˮˣ鼱֮˲Ьˮȥ̡
ǸˣȹƮģҲȽ粻ͨˮԣֻĿԼȹͣںϲ
Ͻ·׼ؼҽ˰ѷŽľ裬ľߣǽͻȻһʹ֪Լֱ˭Сʯ͵Ϯˡ
Ҫ˵ϸƤ⣬һСʯӾȻֱӲƤ˿˿ƵѪ˳̲סһûŵȸ
.

ʮ£С

ϲԼܵŵֱȻеӸ͵Ϯ磬ӾԵ򶨶ˣԼĵӱ˹
ģ˵Ҳ̫СˣʯӶֱӷɳȥ˸ոһ¾Ͳˣ
ſھ˵һؼҶԷܿͻģӸܽ浯ôİ
һ˵ҵָģĻͷٸһ۾͸ Ǵ˵ҪŶ
ȻĻϲĵͷӿϲϲҲݺݵͷͻȻпɢˣ˶̹
ϲ룬绹ûߣҲõһµģ
㻹֪ôһȥôһƱ£ϴùӳûӣȥĶȴһ޵ģ˼ҡ
Ҳ֪Ƿʲô£һҲ棬ȴı
ȥĶˣôģ˵С˵ģ̲סЦЦÿ춼ǿĵİɣôһɰĺӡ
ȻϲʱҲܿɰһɵģʵϲܾԼˣҲеĵģ
˭֪һ龫ֵ˵ܣܸ
СһأǺðɣҾͲˣӾɣ̫ԶҪżˡ
ӵͷڼſҲţ˾ϴ·ʱϴѣҲʲôϴȥģ
Ҫ˵ƤȻϲϻϲСĸϻͲͷٶˡ
Ϊϲᱻ۸ޣǳϵϲǵû޻Ц˿һڻӡ¸ӡСĲֺ
㻹ϲҪѻӸŪģ̿᲻˵ģ
ﲻںЩС£žͲһˣŻýҪĨ͵ġ
СҲĨҲɵ㶵ΪΪӻҪϲϻϲվܣ
Ҳȥ׷ôһСתͷĿŵ˱ϣ֮һţЦԶõ
.

ʮ£ô˵

ȴûҵ÷һҵˡ
ԺﲻĸԶ÷ʩľ󣬶ʱȥҿڼе㲻ġ
Ҫʱ򣬻ﱳŲҩɽˣҲ̲סЦ
ԶͶԻ˵ӣ㶼Ǹˣô۸ܵأõСŪĶ࣬˼Ůˣ㻹
ϲŮӣϲôɵģԼ۸˼ҡ
Ǹأûңô˵ﻢӻǺԼϲ˲ϵ͡
ȻһĻܰ㻹̲ס˵ӣӲ۽ϴϴͺˣ·Ū˻Ҫϴ
ЦЦɣҪģСӾ·Ū඼ǳ£㻹ûǰʲôأһҲʵһһϴһΡ
ģȴİһߣſڱѯʵô°үզͰϳҽˣ
˵ʱͦˣҲûȥ㣬үòΪ˶࿪һζҩͲ˰ɣ
֪ҡҡͷүʲôԵģ˵ΪҺãʲôҲ˵Ĳˣ
ʲôԣɫɻĹŹ֣ƺ뵽ʲôȴûעЩ
Ǳˣĺӣץסĸ첲˵գܰҿһϲҵûҿһ£Ǳ߳˵¡
ﵹҲûвͬ⣬ֻǺʵɶ°һҲûɶ¶ˣӽģ֤۸ȥ
̾˿ѹ˵ʵڼҳ󲻿ǵҲ֪ȥƣⲻܲˡ
ҹżûԼˣҵأҪǱҵ룬ȥˣҲûϢ
ǲѾҵץ˼ңȥһⲻûչˡ
µʲôأ¶÷ǸץȥᱻҪǹȥ˻һӡ
һأҲأߴ㻹ԥʲôϽȥҰ㿴һ죬ĸ׿ǧô
.

ʮ£ᱻ

ֱӶԽ˵ϲмҪȥһˣǹԹԸŲĸ֪׻ܿģ
ϲȻе㲻Ҳû㵽׸ȥ̫żˣںӻûüһԼˡ
غüţӵԼȥ
㼱ҴҵܻԼң·˺кҲĻ˼һʺȴδĸûл
һֱưܵļңӳžȻŶԸ࿴һۣҲı͵
ģ÷ʱǰȫģҲûоôڼУڸ÷ȥĵطң˵⸽أ
˺ðҲûӰҲûлûؼˣûϢ
û취ŴǲֻЩܿͨѶĶģֻܼӿ첽ҸϣھҲǺԶߣϰҲ㲻ʲôˡ
صſڱʵôҵ𣿡
¿ˮɤЩɬĻصûУҲûκϢĸǲѾϣȥ˸Զĵطˣ
ҲûܵģϾҲ֪Լץȥûк³ȻжԶҪܶԶ
ͬʱ̲סɵԼ޷ĵģ·ôԷ
˵Ǿû취ˣسǵط˸࣬һ˻ʮѵģҲϤسǵ·ֵ߽û취ȥسң
ͷһһؼҺȿˮ˴죬ڿˣ
ʵֹڿʣҲˣ̶̰ʱѾ϶˸飬ûʲôˣôԶ·ʹ
Ҳ˲ϺӣؼңѸ緹˳ԣȻеˣҲû˵ʲôֱӳԸһɶ
÷İȫˣ˰Ӷ˸鶼ûҵ϶ȥԶĵطˣе㵣ҲûʲôֵǮĶ
ǻҲ˵Ҿҵģ֮ǰԷ˯Ҫô÷ҪҲԼ˵һô㻹ܸӣ
˷ʵҪô죿ңǱ٣ŵ˰æһ£
ҾǸ뱨ҵ֮Ҫô죬ܻܲͻҵҰɣǸҲˣȥֻ֮»ᱻġ
.

ʮ£ǻ

˵ԼƳһۣǸӼһҲûö÷
Ҳǲ֪һǲҺã֪ն񣬾Լĸﱻƭˡ
ģ˼Ҷʼ緹ˣڼվҲҲǣҲ֪ԼôǸ

ͻȻ˺һӦָһ£˻ȥһֻȻԼǰ
磬ʱզˣʲô𣿽ɡ
ǲүһæıҽˣȻǡ
һСݣʰĺܸɾ࣬ȴʮֵҲͲ̤ȥ벽
վſڽԼĶݹȥſ˵ҲûʲôҾͲȥˣҵתõӡ
˵֮ǰǰҽݵģûˣҵҸˣ˵ԺҾˣ
ʮӰԼͷĹײıˣҲóˣİʮӹ೤ʱˡ
취˽һЩͷĻ׳һһٸˣʮֲõģ
Ĭûݹӣùģӱߵһһʰ
ʱҽ׬ȫһˣ˿ץҩ׬ģ󻹶ˮһգˣôģ
ûµĻҾȻؼˣҵڼҵءӱҪؼˣʡĶ࿴Խ
ͳſڣҲûԶͣû߶Զӭײˡ
ﻹǴ˸кͣ½ŲʵզⰡʲô𣿡
һӷת˵Źϵãرӵ¶ϣҪӶ⣡
뵽ſھ˵ҰӵģҵϱϳҽݣɵǶʮҲûˣҲǻˣ
һֱעı飬˵ˣɫ̱ˣ֪ǿҪˣ
ʼûԼΪʲôҪ˵ӱҲ̲Űͭ壬ҲֻΪ˲˰ɡ
.

ʮ£

ֵӣŻûȥͿһ·˹
ﶨһﱧŵǼѿɾ;ԼҹŮƽʱϲŵȹôɵˣ
ڼҲˣĴ˸кȻ¶΢ɵЦ
Ŀһۣ˵Ͱ˹Ҵʵɵʵ˵ŮôĶģ
ĳ˳ҲǸɵӣһѱɵӼҲ֪ΪʲôҪˣ
̲סѵͲСҪ̫֪Ҫлģá
ΪӲܶʲôֵ飬¶Խ֪Խãҵѣһͻؼң˭Ҳİɣ
ôڵﻹæ׽ʲôģҪȻɤӣʱֻ˹ˣҪ˵ûӡ
Ҳ˳Լ̾ͳ˹
զӺ̳ģҸոսҸȥ̣ȥ
ĿԼŮǶģո˵ʲôȥ̵̣ģ
һ۴ݣҲɾĶӣе˵˭·ģõ㰡ϴ·ʱһʱȹ˳Ʈˡ
ֲˮؼҸȥ̻ҲȥⲻǻһһΪûģ
Լſڿô֪жģ˼ҰûɹģȻʲô
Ҳһлֶ˼˵˵ҲͰ˻˼Ҷ£ͺŮ˭ԸȢ
Ҳʮ߰ 統ˣãϹ˻ޣٻİΡ
Ҳż˰ɣûܣŸ
˺»Ķӿеʧ䣬ȻѾ˵һתͷߣ汻Ļ˵ˣ
ޣ⡣ŶӵıӰ˿ڿˮ˼ȵ˼뵽Լոնû˵ϸҪӡ
.

ʮ£Ҫ

ѽ·ôˣ컹ôȥϰȥƺҪȥʲôҪˣƽʱҪע
һƣԼŮ˵ãѻȥҪȥҸ˵ҽʱ
Ǹ˵ˣү˻ʮӣҪȫҪʱõĴУ
һӵҲ۾һѣðһΣһֱӵһεģһôҲʮӲҲֻܿţ
ȥҶ硣ҲҪˣһתȥȥǰҪʲôֱӸҪӵġ
Դ޹֮ҪӵĴԽԽˣͷţﲻ֪ʺˣ
î˾ģһҪеӶù
հѺӴӻӼӻˣҲſھͺ
һۣʵôˣʲô£
ҵѻˣӣȥ翴ֱ֣Ϊġ
ǣߵԱ˵ʲôʱôݳˣ˼ѻ˶Ჹһ⻵˾ֱµġ
鷳㿴ǼǸʲôͥĶôӸѣ峤ļͥҲС㰡
죬ҸҶ˵ķݶݺݵĵһ㣬֪ĻΪжĳأҪҪɱ˵Ŀ⿴㡣
ɩ˵Ҳûֲʯɽһÿ¸ҪӣҶû壬Ķٸѣ
룬϶ģԼǾԼ¸˰ɣԱŷҪ㡣
û룬ҲȥɻﻹкҪԷҪӣ˵ɶˡ
˵ûǮһʱ嶯ſھͱ˵ƭˣ˵ˣǸ˶ʮӵǲң
仰ɫЩ⻰˭˵ģ
ʵҲ֪ˣӵľҲֻү֪Ҳ˭°ɣ
ߣ˵Լûӣ㵽׸Ҿ͸߱ˣԼǮѶԸ⣬ǰûôǮŵġ
.

ʮ£İ

Ҳ⣬һھҧҪǮ
ʱֿڵΪǮĲףԼмҲִţĶһֻҪӣ֪Լһӻжѣ
ǮִŻȥ˼ңʱð˼Ҽҵܹ˰˼ҪͻݣڼּҵŮˣһֻǮʵİܼӡ
㡭۲֪ô㣬˵ĺҲе
ˣذɣҲӵģ㰮ô˵ô˵ɡĲ˵ϻҲںôˣֻҪԼ޶ĺþ͹ˡ
ɴֱӻݣҲٿ磬ǣźӻݣĸ˾ô⣬ʱңûվþյĻؼˡ
ȷ磬Ҳżʵôõ𣿡
ûУҶ綼ңһɹ̫ˣ
һùȶԼʹȷ磬Ҳ
ȻǳӲˣǰʱ򻹸ѣڷˣǲͷˣųô˵˵
￪ʼְֵĽôСʱǴ˼Ѫһڵȥ
ſھ˵ӣһȥϼԬҹӣͷͰ˫㣬˰ɣ
㶼ΪԼɵأ
˵Ժ˫ʱ򻹲һ㲻ԼĸףԱ¹˵ɶ
ĿѪˣ˵Լ˵϶˵ӹİ
뵽ﻹ˵ģϽ˵ˣ˭Ҳû취׬ˣڿǸõĻᣬԺֱӷء
˵ɶԬҹӸǸʲôϵһôӿɸǣҿɲţ϶Ǳŷƭǣ
ڵϿ磬ȻûߣһָһȵʣֻéݸڵģʮֵĲ
ҧѲ㣬ĺöһҲʲô˵Ҳ֪ô˵ǲŻԼӣһһ̬ͭȣֻĻظˣ
ԼôŮɸֵĴ˴ţҧгݵ㰡ǿľͷӣ˼һ㶼ǿİɡ
.

ʮһ£

¶ƵĹâͿضã
һ˰ûһãΪԼ֮ǰ˿ЩŮӻҵԼû뵽ɢЩ˿˵ԼүϳҽݾͲŲˡ
ʱСͻȻȥɫһƣ
㻹ڼңһۣûĵİǣ㻹ڼס˵ȥ
ĶȥܻΪ㣬ð㲻ǶˣҲûҵˣ˵ͳسˣ
㵹ûԵôں÷£Ϊ˵Ǻõģ㲻ٱŹˣôˣҲȽڿ죬չ˺Լġ
ˣȻһ㶼ǲ֪Ķʵҽ
ųѪ˿۾㣬Ⱦƻͷֶ÷˲ˣһûϢ⸱ģɲ
ǺЦЦ˵ΪʲôҪģãҲðˣ˵
ҵõģͨƽ򵥵أ
һŨ̵˵ߣ־ͱҵҪȻӴȣڸܣڴﶼˣ˵Ůˡ
㾹ȻͬĵͷţⲻҲǺܺõԺûۣǸ˭ؼҾʹ˭ؼң߲вŮ
ںʲôһؼҾܸϴ´ɨʲôģͱﲻˣ
˵ҲϣշŹǸ˾ˣȱŮˣһܶˡ
⻰˵˳ˣֻӣһֻѶ÷ץһ٣ܣôһ˵ö÷һߵҲͦõġ
뷨Ҳһģһģ÷һձͳ׽ˣҲûˆµĹˣ
Ϊôһ仰л㱵Ļ˼ңǶʱڿ϶ǲҶ÷ˣʱҲ㹻Զ߸߷ɡ
ʲôأܻҪҶ÷ΪûκһŮ˻ĸԸһƶļźôˡ
ôȥˣƤգգۣٶǵһЦ
.

ʮ£

ǣ֣ϸ˵綼ɵӣŻᱻ仰ߣǱ˾Ͳôˣ
ĸһԼ벻˵ʲôҲҪϺӣԲṼ
ǸܴҲбµأô׬ӣôϲ׬ӣôÿһתأ
Ҳ֪д÷⣬ȥοأᣬҲôÿ͸óȥ棬øЩŮһڳæ
ҪΧźתƣʱҲ뿪һЩԺ˸õӻ뷨֪ͻȻԼ
ҹڴϾЩȣȸȷ磬˯ʱŸС໽
ͻȻ϶ҹĻ˭
ѴţСһˣŮ˽С
զ⣿㾪гû뵽ҳߵĶ÷Ȼֻˣֻ˵һֱĶû
ס죬ȻܿһۣС˵˵˿ȥͨ籨ţ
æŶ÷ݣһʵȥôŪӣ
÷Ĩ˵֪ܳ϶ᵽңҲûӣҲûȥ˸ɽͷɽһ죬϶˰ɣ
ţΪҼңô죿ȥŪˮö÷úϴϴҲ̫ˣƾɵ·࣬ؤһ
֪ʲô˵ţȥŪˮ
÷˵ͷǱлǵһμ˿˵ƺȫһߴΣһ㡣
ʤʰĸɾ࣬һ÷֪˵ӿ϶ǹĲǱСӣװֵĿŶϲ
Ҳȷ˺üۣȻ֪ʲô½ǿǾӡ
㰡֪ӹҲôãܸܲҼͭ壿ߣ
÷ӵĿ㣬Ϊͭһȴǳƽ
ű΢Ķ÷ʵȥĶиλãߵĵطô죿ɵʲôùԼӣ
.

ʮ£

÷㶵һ£ҲȥϣǾ˻죬һҲٱȥ
ҲûȥسǣǵطزġµҲٻؼˣҪȻܴҵģ㣬ҲãҲ㣡
ˣ˵˵ҪôģҲܽκ飬Լ۾𣬻Ǳˡ
ܲϲ˿ޣԶԴ÷ҲԵЩͷҲòĵĶ÷ܴȥĻûе
ϴɣ¶˵ʱѾһˮ滹һʪӣ
÷ǰɾģټϲŮǰᣬ͵͵Ĩȥϴⲻ֪ոĨһʹ˿ʮǱ
ͶȥһεıʾοóЩӣֱӵݸ÷
ողɾĶ÷ݹѾˣɴ۾ʵôôӵģ
Ѿ߸÷ҾܳԾģ֪ôǮȥɽһ찡
ʵصҺ취£Ϊ˭ձһаЩŰɣȥԶһĵطҵ¶
÷־ʵʵӣЩ͹õˣ׬ҲףҾͲҪôˣҵȻҹˣ
氲͵͵˸ţҾͲҶˣ֮ǰҪϵء
˻ûߣ÷ĶӾ͹ڰҹԣ̲סѾһˣ߲ˣ
ص̾˿ְѳûķ÷Һɸֵ˵Լ㣬ȡŶš
ǰһֱ˵뿪Ҹط˫ֻţʵ˵İҲ̫ԶسǴźˣ
İɣԺﰲģˣذɣˡ
÷ŷȥҲûеȫϵṩһǴ죬ǡʮ壬ĺܣ
֪÷ӰŸݹţһɵǳˣûñ˯ˣ
.

ʮ£Ҫ۸

ϸϸ֣ͻȻĲףһǲĸ͸ףһųĸס
ԼӣǶҪܣȴûйĸܣжأ
޷󣬵֪ÿմ˯϶Ҳۼˡ
ڶ峿Ǹ죬һѹģһ꽵٣Ҳǵ꼾ˣԺһЩģ
վԼԺҪҪȥһɣͲˣֻԼ취׬ǮŴŮܸɵ˵Ļ
ˣˣҲȥˣ߻һ˲һһŵڵϣֺܿ챻յ
ӻû극˵첻ȥһӸȥˣ
ԴϴθŻõ֮󣬱ͳ׸ˣϴ±Ҳ֪Ϊɶû׷ǸСԴҲû롣
Ҳ˵ˣŻӸĵˣкһ֪ˣȻҲû
Ҳ֪ԼõΪ˱㣬õϵţ
֮Դ򱦶֮һҲˣҪȥһ棬ҪȻﻵģϲҲţ࿴űһ㡣
ҲͦԼӸģ֮⼸û֮ǰƧģҲǱӴȾϲекӵģˣ
˵ﶼƴǮˣ֮ǰ˵ɽϵҩĲˣÿ춼ܲһ¨ؼңɼȥɽҰ޶ˡ
ͷ͵˵˵ҩʵ̫ðˣʲôҪȫΪ׼
ȻǴ꣬һֱµҲûҪͣЪ˼ڼҺŰ죬źԼҪ߻ܵˣ
ӣЦոձģû취ȥӸأʹźˣ˵ܲٲܲپ͵
ˣһǸų죬ɴܵˡ治ضСҲԼСӾˣ
ӵƤȥ͸ϲͷϵ˸ӣһ˵˰ɣˡ
ӣ˵ˣҪ۸áһۻӣ
.

ʮ£ԭ

ûӲˣſھ˵׶ӣϲ׹ŮҲһ£㿴㻤ģ
̲סЦЦȤһΪ⼸Сֱ˼
ոջźͻ˵˵ҩ£û뵽ԼˣôȻҪһģӦ£Ȼ׼Ļ
Ҳ˵˵˷ɴͬ˳㿴֮ǰ˵ƴˣǲҩȥһЩ
ȥɽϲҩץʱЩ¶廨ַʱַûģȴһ죬˵㶼ˡ
Ҹ˵°ֵģܸүҽйϵ
ͻȻĿ㣬Լĵĸӳʣɻʵʲô°ġ
ƲƲ죬һ˵үĺöӣҽ㲻֪⼸ǷҰˡ
֮Աүߣ¶˳棬Ǹ˿ܾ׵ҽݣһӵʲô䲻ţ
ԭˡҲûȫŻ˵ĻһͲʲôö˼Ҳȫûܵġ
ȫûǸ뷨ֻ˿׬Ǯǳˣһ㷢˼ֱӺ˵ԼռҽݵģǲǸ˿
˵ɶˣ㻹ҵȽϺãҲǳŪүΪɶҪˣ
̲ס̾ûԼ⣬ҪκҪǣıȽϺð
ףĿóԣһץһĳԵĺܿģƺҲϲġ
Ц˵óԻлл
ӵ۾㣬˵лЦлɶԺԾҼңǳԣסľҲԶҲǼ·£
ϲؿǵһأرǱС°˵ӸҲõĺó԰ɣҲܰԣЩͶˣͷ
áӺ˵ôһ䣬ȻԼĸ׿һۣӷ·˵Ҿûôã
Ҳû˵ʲôǵȻؼٺúýѵһԼӰɡ
.

ʮ£޹

ĵĿһۣ״ʵ㻹ûҵʲô𣿡
ûУﶼЩСˣ϶ò˼ˣȥұ˸һȥϰɣһ˼Ҷ˵Ҫˡ
컹ȥϿȥģͻȻ꣬ô˵أеʱ˲ðɣ
ȻЩɬЦЦѹеܾرûá
ǿЦ£ɫе㲻Ծһж㿴ſѯʵôˣ㿴ɫ̫ÿ
ɴҲʲôˣץ˵ʵһҪҪ˵ǿġ
¹ΪʲôһֱԵҲɣʲôأ˵ǲҪ̫
㻥࿴˶ԷһۣȻʮ侲ͬ˵ɣǻ侲ģ
ֻ˵ģɽ˵ǰ졭ҲҪһɵǰһ죬ܵҼصظɽ˵Ҫɻ
Ϊɶǲ˵֮ǺǿɻĵطҪҪˣ˵Ҫˣ
ĸװֹһˣü˶ˣǲɻڴ·Ǳˡ
ЩҲ˺ð죬ûĸĸԼ·ġ
Ĭӣ˵ǼԽԽãǮҲһһЩŻµģ
˵ôûһԸȥɻ
Դ࣬Ȼˣǿͦ䵭ģ·˵޹һǻȴû˽߬ȭͷ
̾һ̾Ҫ˵һĿڰɣȫָһţһ굽ͷУ＾Լʳճɡ
ԼҲԼ˼ͨˣֻԼڵæȫָϵģԭȥɻӻù㣡
æŵ¶Ҳ׬ӣԾͲùˣǲú׬ǮֻӣĶôԵġ
ͻȻԼҪ˶ˣȻɷԼ䵭һЩϱϵҲôãôû
.

ʮ£ͦ

ɷԼ䵭Ҳû˵ҪɶģͦϽģǰǳԼ壬ȫԴЩͦˡ
һһЦ˵ǼǼƷˣллЩˣҪǲ˵ܻڴȦӣҲ
˵ǰ治Ӷչ˲õģν߳īߺڣʱҲԼĸԼֵܽӰ죬Ǹıˡ
˵ҲͣˣʱҪʱˣʰԼĶŻҪؼˣ
㻹ûӶһЩԼĵĻؼҳԣﵹҲԼӸϿѵ£ĸôˡ
һ̲ס̾˿Ҫôñ˺ã
Ҳȥ磬Цʲô³
¶һЦôһ˲ֻ˵ԣķҶϲ
һۣźӵ˵ֻҲ֪
֪Լ·ʱʮյģԼãŭܿʧɢºǲҪġ
ϽȥҵǵҪģԽԼĺãҪԽԽǿ
ڶһˣԸģǱɺģСһСеҲһС
첻вҲ⹷ӣü
磬һʲô°ԼûðĴҲ䵭ġ
ֻǮͲˣҲûʲôÿ˵˼ﶼȥһˣⲻͦˡ
ҺȥҪǲ㣬Զ֪ȥˣҸ㣬ôҲ㳤ôҲТ˳һЩģ
⻰żֱûЦһӣҪȥТĶӾʲô
֪ɸҪТ˳ĸ׵ʱôģԼҲûôТĸ˼˵
ТϣĿ˵ˣǰʮ꣬׬ӿʼ׬ȫǽģ
Ҫʲôʲô֮ǰҩǮһ붼׬ģҪ·Ҳ֣룬ԼҲǻеԲˣ
.

ʮ£߳

ûиԣʮȻ඼ڸڵʳ׬ӣ˵Ĺϵȴʮ䵭
ǸѵģҲô˵һ䣬Ϊӵû˵仰
һֱԼ˵̲סһۣ۵׵ĺȦۣ㿴ʲô˵㻹𣿡
ת䵭˵Ȼȥѣϴȥ
һ֪ĸ׶Ըٽһˣ
ǸߴӰҲӲȥÿٷԵıãôͳأ
Ϊ磬ȴȵܵܰһͷÿοҪͷû֪Ŀˣ
صʱѾˣҴ·ڴߣֻСѾûЬôţں˳ͷҲûãôɢš
֮ǰԼʲãӲúЩҩϴźһ˵ͷָжرãʮֻ
̷ʱΪ̫ȴôŪˣǱģְ̺õġ
Ȼǰ߬סĽŶΪЬʶһΪҪʲôֻΪԼЬ֮˿
ⲻص㣡
һۻ˯Ľʵһʲô£
꣬͸оˬ˯ǰҪ𣬼Ҳûǡ
˵ﲡˣҹȥʲôҾͲ֪ˣҲûʣ
ôãв
⻰ֱţǲŵģоԼǱ˰ڵϺݺѹ˵ʮ㡣
ɫһЩ˶ã˵˵̫Ǵ߳ˣ
㴩ЬӾֱߣСԺ˵ҾҲʲôȥ֪ˡ
ǵȻҲȥ֮ǰүҸ˿һʱ䲡ͻȻͦĵģҸ
㳯¶һ΢Цݶ¶ˣĪÿ£ͻȻĲˣҪȻԻڻġ
Ǹڵȥϴͷ֮Ȳ˵߰ɣϲǹƻҪ˯һȥǱǸʲô
.

ʮ£ŵ

ʱŵ㣬ôɾϾˡѾ̺õͷӲѹһ뷨
㲻֪ǸӽǵԼԵø⽿С˶ر뱧һҲ֪ôסЩ뷨ģ
˸ڣһݾͿɶΧﴲߣ㿴촽ȷǷףһֲ̬ģʱҲͣֻûƽơ
˵ôûĲˣշ죬ǲҲͨĸðˣȫŪô̵ģ
ΪʲôҪأΪŲʻҪµظɻ͵ûƵģܲˣſھ
Ҳ¶ǵĲǣĻôͻûҪˣ
ʱﻹûע⵽ԼеλãԾʹ󲿷ʱǲỹ첻ỹֵģⱣ
ɴҲǸһˣ˵ϣҵ˭أԭˣ֪Ұһ纰㣬͵ʱûˡ
һЦ˵˵ĻǲţſĶˣǺ֮ǰһ˵ⲻǺõĺ𣿡
ﵱʱͱĿ췭ˣֲָһģ˵˭ģǲҲĲأɴң
ô뷨ҿɴûô̲ģɴһֱ˹ȥ
ɰɼˣһתƵũ߾µˣҲѹں
綼ȹϵˣֱվ˵żһʱε˶ѣѹɡ
˵˹ȥһӵǰǰ벽
յɣҪôεⶼ㺦ġ
Ʈʲô£±һһ۱Ƴ⡣
Ц˵ɾ˵ˣҪα߹ҪҪ˵ҿɾͲˣﻹһµأ
Ȼ粻Т˾ĸ׵ɾȥˡ
.

ʮ£ټ򵥲

ɾͱˣߵԱ˵ĸ׺ϲ˭֪ǲǲ㣬Ĵ򣬲ȻǱεģҲӦɣ
ҲϽ͵ԣҪϵĺôʹˣɲиôһҪҴúÿ
ֻȾ˷纮ѣɣ
ȻǲǵôСë˵Ҫ˵һġ
˰죬ǰʵĿ˵ˣ޷ǻΪԼͷǵӰˣ˵ʲôҪôģȫǽڡ
˵׼ոӣһͻವһ±أ
һڵС˼ǰԵޱȣСļһ±˸
粻мһĿĶǲΣһץҩүϳҽݵˣҽ˵ϵĴҪ룡
£бԼȥ밡ǲ˵ģû¾ˣⰭˡ
ſȥϵĴΰɣӣֲ˵Ļɾôܸɡ
Ҫߣܹȥǣ˵߾ˣͲˣϽĳӣǱ߻˾أ찡
ز˵ֱ˵˭˵ǲˣͲɩðɣֳɵĴ㲻ΣҪȥϵġ
˼һôæ˻ֻǶҪˣҪôɩӸ￴ҪȥүԼŰɣ
ǱһƳһƳҪȻƤӶһ£װΣ绹ҪȥҴĿԶ׼ԡ
Ҳĵı֤㲻ңҵĻ̾ѹ
Ըһװεǿټ򵥲ˣеǳ𣬽ҲǱŸġ
Ȼô֮Σǲ̫ãҲûҪƽô࣡
ҿǷǲӣҺһĴϲô˻ᱨ
绹˵ˣ㲻װ浱ɵˣ˵͸
ŶҲ֪Һϲˣ㻹ҪӣȻϲ˵гΪʲôҪӸ
.

ʮһ£

֮ǰбµҼʱ簡ôˣ
ﱻĻĶͷҲˣ۱ûõĶŮ˶̣ܽҪҲɣ
ףûˣǿ̫ˣûŭ𣬿˵̫ˣ̲סЦֻѿ
Ҽңֱץͷôôô
һιȥô죬㿴߾ˣ
ľ뿪ȻɴֱӴļš
һ̲סЦ˳ŽļЦаԽԽˣ񶼲˵ʲôסͷǵˣ
ȻǿǵδôܱߣϲƸˣǻؼȥɡ
ҵҲͼ·ľ룬Ҫǣ֣ҲôųǣצӶѣ
ҲͷĿģȴһֱϵţȥңҲ֪ʲô¡
ϲܵ¸㣬ӸС̽һ滹ʱʱ̿עҵĶʱ򱦶ǲóĵģ
Ҫ翴֪֮ǰںӱߴ˾Ǳˣ֪Ҫ֪˴¿϶ĹԼо浯Ҳڴġ
ҲûǸţʲô£÷˾ͽкǻؼҳԷˣʱţֱ˳
ָТϱŲ㲻˵ڸǰźţȻ˼Է˵ҲӴȥβôֶϱģ
ݺݵģ֪ĻΪôأҲǲ֪ţôô¡
֮ǰԼ¶װҲҪ֣׼ȷ˵ﵹҲװֻǸðˣҪװһҪҪزģ
ţֻ̣˵ǹܺԼɣʱǻġ
˱õӴһ˰ɣôǲһµģǿģţ̻еˡ
.

ʮ£ҥ

׻˵úãӲģӲºģ²Ҫģţֺ̾²ҪģҲǲԽԽ
ţ̾ģֻҪΣǸϵٺҲҹˣ
صǰԷʱͻȻ뵽һ⣬ҧſӰҲвˣ˱ʵʲôأҧǿӸʲô
ͻȻо˻ͦ׼İɣܰвűˡ
µЦЦȻ˿࣬ĻҲȫ
һҲ׼ˣͲÿΪ˸˿ץҩæԼƣˣ
̲סһЦʵʵ˵һΪӰˡ
Ǻðɣ׼񣬵Ǻô̹Ҿ̹˰ɣ
ЦһһӲˣϣò˶ס죬˵Щġ
ɲԼ˵ˣ
˷ٳȥܲҵ¶ɰɣʵڲеĻҾֻȥϿһûʲôֵأֻܸЩǺô첻ô
еָȻֻһȥϼǾ벻ˣҲϲŵˣҲ֪ʱҪĵʲô
ҲûԼҲʧҵˣûʸڼҿӣǾԼʲôɣ
߻һаһĶߣҲȽϺãʡڼлҪǮ
ȺͶ˰̫ɶˣ׬ӣ඼Ūˣ
Լ֮ǰ׬ӣҲжʮˣҲЩǲǾ͹ǻˣǾ͵ȥ
ʰͳˣһճžͱһȺŮ˸ס֪Щ˶ƽʱｻõģʱסԼ϶ҲûʲôûҪ˵
Ϊ׵ţſھʵǸɶȥ
һȥĿţ̣ľǲӹ̫ˣôܱ˼ҵ¡
ʵϻˣǴϱţ˶ϱʲô»ҲǸˣһɲеĺ
ţûתͷ˵ǿǴТĸ׻ڼﲡӸ￴Ҳˡ
.

ʮ£

Ȼ˼ȥʲôɣϱôôǰ˼һ˵ùȥԴȢϱ͸˸һ
ɱˣȢǸﻹӣҪڻԼһˣİȢϱҪβˣ
ǣǰһɶûˡ
ڶŮ˵֮һЦţ˵Ҽѵ㲻𣿸ϱǴҾӦǻ˵ġ
ô˵˵ΪһС¾ͰҴأһĸ׸£ûƽЩõˣǻ˵Ҷã
ֱЦıİԼûʲôԲĵطˣǰʱȻ˲ҪԼɻ
Ҳû˵ʲôܹزѾ御ˣԼǵ飬ʱԼҲ컹ˣ
ˣЩͿ£αظôƽϣ
ţдʵ˵ţ˾ֱЦԭʲô¾ͿΪΪʲô
˵⻰ҲǶʲôԼתߣţ̻ΪǸ۸ģʹ֡
ֱһŵһŷ֪ʱͲǰǸ۸ˣ
У˵ˮȣҵǵ˵Ҳ̫ƴˣΪ˼ȥܴ꣬ºˣûõ˻Ĳˣ
ߣƣǲҲ䲻ʲôôţҪ˶þͻӵ֪㲻βˡ
ǵñĭ뱻˴ǲǵùԹԸҰӽ
һгģΪ˼ӶԼ壬ҪΪ׬ЩҲˣȴΪ˴˼Ūӡ
Ҳǰ޹˺ˣҲĲˣǵǮȥˡ
Ȼﶼ˵ˣɴҲ˵ʲôȺĽ
黹˵ȥˮؼҵʱ·˾ͱڱָָ㣬ҲЩĿ⣡
ĻҲֻһ紵ܲΪ˼仰ͰԼӹ˰ɣ
ôԼҲ䵽ʲôģֻ˵Ƕסѹ˲Ÿӣ
.

ʮ£޵

ֲɵԽԽǲܰӻȥ˵ףԼôӵ׻˵ǣ綼ȥˣûҲû˵ˣ
ôôأ
߱ĥ⣬ѹͲں˵һûߵȴϲҩĻ
㿴컢ҩ٣￴ҲǺ˸к̫ˣԭûбģΪɽҩĶûжˣ׬˶ͭˣ
Ҳˣļοûµģҩвͨİ취Ҫôɥ
ͷ㺮ȥүҩȥˣԴүԼҽҩʼһˣ
⵽ΪɶﵱȻ½˳үûҽҩǮʼĸ
żҽҩͷˣôԼôˬö֮Ҳ̫ȥҽˣ
һȥҩ֪ҷ£Լ㻹֮ǰһʲô¶ûأҪǰ֪˵ɶҲû㡣
磬֪£ǴԼģȥ㣬밲ο䣬ȴĲںЩ˵л
Ǯж٣ĻûһҩԡҪ˵ʱ仯ǺܴģҩĸĿʼˡ
ѴĻ֮ǰʱǳߴ磬ڿݵûôԶѣΪɶ֪أ
ΪѾֹһεĺ̾Լҽ߳ˣλǽһҪ˶þˣ⻻˭˭
ֻʾѾϰΪⷽǵһθˣִֵ˺ܶ࣬иԭ·ֵģεⷽκˡ
ҲûټмˣңǰôҲǸˣû뵽ȴ˼Ʒе£
ЩͻȻѣԼƺѾܾûЩˣӶôӹãûʱЩڼƷеĳҲˡ
ÿϦദˣǼƷгƣʺԸǻһģ
û£ٵȥҩĻȥһ棬ȻʣŮˡ
ֱӰϣȻݵڶҩԡණûϴεĶˡ
.

ʮ£֪

㿴Ų˾˵ţһξͲˣβҪ̫׬
ʵʲôʱݶһǻЩʱհˣ˿ɫҹҲˣæѼʰá
ǰο䣬̫˵Ļϣ
ǻǰŸߣӻˣģҲûҵʲôҲʶȤû
ҹѾ˯ţ㿴֣µ˵ϲȥ˸ɻϲڼֵأֻԼϰ壡
Ȼ֪ɶʵ˵ҡ񶼿ԣʵֵػȽϺһЩ̫ԶϾܻǡ
ԾûʲôϢڱ˵лҸɣԼҲûеأּҵʱۼҵĶʲô
۾һգգĿŽߵСȻֻ촽һſ˵Ҫϵ򼸿ֵˣʡţ
컢ﻹͬ˵Ҫͼ򵥵ҰũˣԴ͹ˣ׬ôӻҪ˵ǣ鷳ϵģҾҪɴ򼸿֡
ԣԺ㲻òģһ˾չ˺õˣֻںûʳﲥ֣ĻҲҪӵģ
۾һͦôģǹҲУÿҪصʲô߲ʳҪȻҲġ
аѾ˲ֵʱˣ˼ҵڶׯˣر¹֮Ϳʼͳˣ˵ؽҲǸϲʳˣ
˼һ˵šǿԿżЩģϸֵʲôɣ룬𣿡
Ͼ˴󲿷ֳֶʳάƣһ˼һճҲһӡ
֮£˵ˣʮʮӶУϧ̫֪ˣ
϶ĵͷİɣֻҪգ϶ģ²˽Ļ֤׵
㲻˽Щ˵У¾ͽȥˣӷĶҲ֪ϸֵʲôȽϺֵǮ
ۼʱ䲻磬˯ˣԽԽʱ˯ˣ˵ԼȣԼȴûԣֻȸȷ硣
.

ʮ£˭ҵ

˯Ҳ˯˯Ⱥ˯ţǺԹԣеĸԸģ
ߵƽɾͳסˣյ˯ţ麹ûģ
˯㣬һһ־Ϻݺһӣû顣
ֱӰһۣӲˣ۱㿴ĳ´ȥĵط˯ȥˡ
¿ɺãʣһ˯ˣҪ˵Ů˲ˣܲẰ˯ԼһֱӶ˼֣ĸܵ
ֱҹŻجج˯˹ȥѾǵڶˣ̸Щˮ
ﳶŸɬɤʵǻû
ʵ˵ûУҿҶһͳȥˣҲ֪Ǹɶȥˣҵʲôˣţ˵žΪȥϡ
ߺߣҲֳסģôû¶һ
ûһǸøɶɶ˱ĻҲװûǱĸһûƤû
ҧгݵĿŸԺʱﲻ֪ɶأҲˣΪԾͲˣ
ţ̿ǴŲ˵ſģһøȺˣﻹһֻǹСȴ׵úܣûҧţ̣
Ŀ¶֮ɫ˻ѻ˵ ȥҲãһصסЩӵģÿġ
ɴܳԿˣΪ˴׵Ҳǹƴˣ겻ܰܣҪȫֻ
ͿʼúˣܺȻ鷳ȻǴ۾һĻˡ
ֻʱżűֽŻ˼ңǶû˱ϤˣԼͷóԼҵĵϵĿһģһġ
ϵҲǵĶĵ˭ҵأ
ЩһȫɢҲ˲ˣѾȥ
ʱŵأû뵽ʮĶػֻӶĲˣԼʣʮôҲܳһʱ䣡
.

ʮ£ʵ

õʲôùҿѵſֻһַŰ壬۾ֱԼеĵ
µĽȻ˵ӲڼϢܵʲô㿴㣬߼·ͳˣϽȥ
˭ҵĵأ˶٣ʵҲ㻰Ҫߵ˼;ŵ²ţ޷ܡ
ȻҲأû˱˼ҵĵأҪ֪⼸ĶضǴֵòģ
Ϊֵ֮ĸ鶼̫ãʲô¶һסĵطԶԶġ
ЦЦصûʲôϵ˰ɣѾּˣ𣿡
ҷؼҰɣڼҺúţҪܡ߹ȥ׼ȥȴһ˸첲ϡ
ָֻТӣҶ첡ˣ㲻ӿҲˣȻʱأһ𣿡
ˣǺܾǰģȥүɣⲡô죡
ô죬ҪүĻҩԲϣֱ˯һЪܺȫˡ
ɲ⣬һӰӶȥ˵أԼһҲ̲ˣˮһգԼȥˡ
Ȼͺãʲѻ𶼷ϣ
һѣһ˻ҲٺģиҿͲʱأ
Σһ纮ҩͺãֳҪֵʲôʱܰ
ô鸡Լ߻˼ң˵˵ǸүˣȰ˵ү
үޱ飬ûκβ˵Ⱦ˷纮˯һͲȫˣСѣôҪҪġ
ү˵洫ЩˣҲûˣĵȷȷǰĲʵ˵ģ
վĴǰε˵ˣү˵ú˯һͲˣֺαôأ
үϣЩҲ඼ֹͣˣټлΪսڳ฾ʱҲû㲻ˡ
.

ʮ£ѿ

峿̫ûȫʹǰԼҵĵźüСӣʢŵĿɶǲҩӣǸϵ
ӻǸϵ㻨˴ŪģΪ˲ʳʱ䣬ȥֵģȥǮֱȽϸߵҲֻˡ
֮ǰȥϲɹҩģ۸ж˭һʮģַʲôĸ˲֪
һ㿸ũߴ޶ŸϽѲҩֵ׼ڵָʲݣΣ˺͵Σ
˻Щͺҩģһջҩģ뻹ͦɹ۵ģһ㡣
ǰѧҽʱ򻹿һЩЩҩҪֲ鼮ҪȻڲҲҪʵ˵࿴黹Ǻõģ㵱ʱѶ˲̸һֻרЩ
ǵͳһĻһĿĺڵæĴǾôæ˰£һػûŪ꣬ĵֵҩĶѿˣ
ӲݵҩģǷ׷Ц²ӣһصӲݣ˵ĳЦֻЦ
ȺǼʶǳֻүɹõҩģȫ֪ﳤʻ̵ҩʲôģǻһЩֵ֪ʲôҩ
Ҳʱʱ̿עߵĶ˵һӲݸֱܵ˼ҼϳЦˡ
մӵϴ˰ȥԴµظɻ֮;ˣһҲ֪һ
֮˵鶼泩չ˺ҲжˣۻˣȻʲôۻˣҲɰ
һؼҸ۵ֱ˯ţһ죬ĻͶˡ
ϣأ治֪ȢôϱʲôصҷҲҿǲǶЪˣ
⴫Դϻز֮û¾һˣر֪һӲ֮ǹڡ
ۺôأۺЦûӣƭӲӣûʲôģ
ҲʲôͣƺˣʵЩ˶ѣȵջʱ׬Ȼͼˣ
.

ʮ£вͨ

ÿ²ܹЦҲ˵һ仰Ǿû˼ɴԼˡ
Ҳ ƺֱǰǸưͣôЦ޶ԣǰÿµػؼܳЦ
쵹ǺټˣΪǣЦû˼ˣ㣬ȫ۵Ĳƽô࣡
컹û÷ûȤĻؼˣõķݣȴһСȫڴ˯ˣ⼸ǰۻˡ
ǰͷһ£Ȼ㣬Էˣ
ʵˣ˺üŰѣǺˣ˯ĸͷСһһֱڶϲѡ
һ۾Ĵ׼ȥ˭֪ȴ˵ôһСˣԼȥͺˣͺڼҾͱȥˣ⼸ۻˣ
ͷĴ۽磬ǿһܱȵһ˼ĸʮĶôҲһæ
ΪͨһͦũӲĽʡһʱ䣬Ϊ˸Ľۻӡ
գգۣźȥ˯һ˯û˯ţĵڶˣѾˣ
ֻȣȷ磬ûһ˯⣬ÿ춼˲ܺһĺ˯š
ൽһŻؼңһģҲûżԷȥϴ˸΢ˬЩ˲³ԷֱǼ尾˯ʱһ˯Ѿһ
ãľȻǾȻҲ˵ȣ㲻֪ʵĵط¾ͦˣöŴ̫˸ɻ
˵̫㿴ԽǺģһʱǰһ㣬֮˵ɶϼã˵ʲôһҪôʲô
Ķ֪С˼±˵Сˡ
˵¶æĲˣҲԽԽȣǻвģĴˣʱЩҲС
͵취׬ˣϾҩĶʱǲջģ֮ǰʲôأ
һҲֻҽԼڴڸ˿Ļܻү⣬вͨ
⵹ͷˣһҽȴ֮أδҲ̫ˡ
.

ٰʮ£̫ƴ

֮ʱȴ˵ҪǻϱУЩĳȥֻʼֿ϶ǲеˣ
һͷɣʵڲǾȥȥô
ֻӵĻʲô¶ԼݳʲôҲ벻Ļɾæˣ
İɣ
ٵ˾ģڶˬһ¾͸ȥϣʲôȥģļ֮ˮܶ࣬㶼һЩ
žȥʳ꿴һ£ûͰ棬ǿŴۣƺûʲô򣬿Ҫʳƹ̹ά˹
λҪճ׷ҪĻҸǱһЩ
ƹԱ֤ӱ¿˲ŻŪճ׷۰һ¶ò׼ҪģȻһӶģ
һŴ׷ۣĥĺϸ壬һЩȥģƹ۸
ƹĸָ˵ǮӣЩճ׷ȫߣôܱ˰ɣ
ЦЦص̫ˣһ͹ˣǮһ룬ƹճ׷۸ʢɡ
ƹҲżǮıûưŴ׷۸ã泩һЩǰⶫȥһЩˣ
߳ʳ꣬ʵ㣬ôճ׷۸Щճƽʱûʲô򣬸˵ϸۣô˾Ϊȥ
ҵȻ֪ˣҵȷҪ׷ģͷ֪ˣ
ģŴףҲͦ˵ģȡЩۣҪġ
صң˼ȡۣôȵʱڳȡһһεĵۣĴǳɹˡ
ֻԼѶˮʪˣ΢΢ۣΪ̫ƴˣֻΪȷ磡
ԼŪĵۣˣˮʪ·żȥóŴ׷
ֻ㽫Ŵ׷۵һԼһȻЩǣһˮȣһ£Ȼŵ
Ŵ׷۵ʱְһŴ׷۷ŵ﷭һ£һʵò⣬Ŵ׷ʲôʱˣ
Ҳû˵ʲôҪʲôֻŴ׷һʱͰѴӹȡ˳
.

ٰʮһ£Ŀ

ƵŴ׷Ѿ̳һ硭͵ӣ΢һЩȻڷˮֽһ㳴Ŵ׷ۣ
ٰõģһŴ׷۷ŵֽϰ½ˮһֽһ·СϪǰ
Ϫˮʮ峺һںܽȻ㾹ȻֱӰֽŵĶŽϪˮнݣԽ⣡
̲סʵ㣬ǸʲôΪʲôҪⶫŵϪˮ
ϪˮĳͰҪȻôſſһô԰Ҫбͺˣ
ͲֽˮŪʪˣоǰɫģʲôˮϵɫеɫͺÿˡ
ƶǶŶһԹԵĲٶʣ˾˰СʱҰɣǰѵˣֱĸоɹˣ
صңֽѾ̳һķΣһװ׵Ŵ׷ۣϵ˪
õгС飬ֶմЩŴ׷棬һιȥ
ôòóԣڴĿϸ׽ſŴĵģζǻǸմϪˮóģŻģоǲġ
ʵʵĵͷȻҲû̫ߵۣŵϲؼǳòóԣҲȣ˯ȥһȥˡ
ӵҲô۸ˣлӻŸǸңΪӳ׳ʵĺǲôģ
һʱͷ󺹵Ļؼϴ֮ŰѵĶ˳µĺóԵģ־һϡ
ģһСֱʮϲŴĿڸУӵı֪ԼϷóȥ
ֻһֻ̫ˣ㻹оһ²УȾɫ⣬ξоһֵĳһҲ˵Ŀ⣡
ǳԷû˼ˣ״ѯʵʲôأĲˣôŻôյӣ
ĻɫûɫӽֻζƤܸɫǳڸпܻеɬ
.

ٰʮ£ˣ

ҪлͺˣŪ֭ŽŴ׷ɫǺɫˣֵİɫÿϧûˮ
ɫˮһ£¿Ӷ˵㻹˵ɽϼһҰҪͷŪ㿴ܲУܳԵģ
аȳԷɣ϶ˣ˵ӶˣץٶȳԷȻŪˮϴϴ衣
һ죬ϳһϴôУ
ͺϴʱҲɽϵȥһԡͰϴԼϴⶼҪóʱˣǲٴǸֵģ
û뵽ȥϴ边Ȼ˳Էʱ˵ҰνҰҰĲݮһţ΢졣
˵ģҲûʲôûؼҳԣǰģҲûʲôóԵģ
ͷҰݮƷ⣬𣬷ǵᣬĵȷȷܸɫ
һ£˵ͻȻɽƺкܶ౦ȥɽϿʲôû˳ٶɼһЩֹӣ
ĵǣٶζܻãòݮζͲ
Ļ̲סЦЦʲôЩҰҰ˶һЩɣɽĶһ㶼ûҪģȻ˵Ǳ
Ҿǣǿ˵Ҳ¹ȥˣҲ֪Ǹسô ˵ŵģҲһֱûУ
֮ǰһֱæŵ£㼸Ѷ÷˾⣬ͻȻˡ
÷ôҲ֪û취ش㣬Ҳˣ˯ˣ
ɴҲˣɵԼһֱȸû꣬ձ׼˯еȴߡ
ֻº͵˵Ҹȣ˯ɡ
ò˵ʱŻͦģʼˣҲԽƽͣ
˺һ˯˵ӣȷһߣһԼ˯
ûע⵽ʱƤӶһ£˵ȫû˯š
ȵ˯ţӵŤͷһۣ꿩ƺĶˣôأ
Լϲϲ𰸿϶ǲϲģıԽԽãԽԽ⣬ƺǲϲ
.

ٰʮ£ʧ

һʧˣһֱ춼˯ţһֱΪ岻ƺȱȣһ˯ʱȡ
иôʹĺǰѸ˯ѵ㺰ˡ
ʵﰡһû˯أ
ƵģȻԼȴͦɰģǸըëС
ܺƢĻصҼ˯̫ҲûΪĶûеĻ˯ɣ
۳ˣֻ糿ˬһЩɴùȸţһЩ˯һ
Ҳûô࣬Ӷ˯һᣬȥɽժҰݮ¶һȥˣľٶɰ𾪻ˣ
Ȼһϵĺ˼룬˯ȫޡ
һֱ磬ʵȣܲ˲һȷľȻϲϸСĸ첲ȣһĻʲô˯ⶼûˡ
ôôһСԼȷأð̣緹ϲԼȷ磡
첻֪ʱһأһ̫ȣǵҩȱˮġ
ϲͷҲһź飬ȥ˵ϲԼȰɣײˣ
ϲû£ǲϲûȺãײѵģ
ϲСԴ㣬ǵСԴ˵СԴʲôأ׶˯һˣ˯Ȼˣϲʲôϵܵأ
㻷ҲûпӰӣǸڳæˣ㴩Ь̧߳ͷһ죬ѹģһҪ
紵ˬˣŽɢࡣ
մ׼ȥѾ÷˶Ŵ˵ˣøϳԷȥϴϴ
һͷûأ˵ϴûϴˣŷ˵ζ㻹ˣٵͷϴȻǰ
죬ӰһĿԺԷ治³ԵһҲûں
ͿһĻ˼һĿڿֵǰԷ˱һ˵ڻ˼أҲǣеĳԾ͵øϽԣʱɾͳԲˡ
һΪֵǼǻˣûճôӽҲˣ͵ſûǮʳȻԲϷҪģأ
.

ٰʮ£Ǹ

ʱ򻹲ҪʩʳͿ㻹ܵã浽ʱǸ¹ҲԲһ׵ġ
޺޵ţҲֻпԼyyôŻһ㣬ȻʵԶ֮෴ģ
ճԱϾͿʼˣæʰˣӰҲôһưô¡
ͬʱžףͰſڴŷ翴꣬úݵȵһ̻ͣĳʪȵģ
лҲкôҩľһش᳤ĺܿģҲ棬һŵһߡ
Ȼͷˣ㻰ر٣һ˼ģҲҶʡĴ˼⣡
վԵúܰϲĸоԼĸ֮仰ˣҪøĸ
ں͵ֵܵϷϲͻȻȥס½Цʲôأϲ͵ܵһˣ
㲻ú֪ԼΪӵ²ģҲûԼʲôϲ΢΢һЦûʲôһ棬Ҳĵģ
СҲûʲôģľֵϷﻹŸҥԴ򱦶˵֮ǸҲ˵ϲϷˡ
ÿ涼ϲĥӲݣýû취żģ㱦һ滹ϲȥԼҵ첲
ϲ˵Ҳϲһ㿴㶼ûô˼ġ
ŮԣȻû̹ϲҪôô˵ȵģһҲûʲôõġ
ſɰŮĶҪˣû취ܾϲССҪµĺܴ󣬷Ҳûʲô£Ҳȥһһɣ
һˣȻϷǾǳúϲСһµȴȥ㶼ˡ
ָˣôǸѽϲ̲סЦĿԼ˾͵ýܳͷֻϲͷᵯ˸ӣˡ
棬ΪļĸҲͦ˼ģСϷȫѲģȻΪһʧҲˡ
ϲСֵһ£ϲ˷ˣھʧǺٿиʱأ
.

ٰʮ£Ь

ϲûԼӣǶ˵ҵһӣϲӵֶʹˣ
װĵϲһۣĶͷᵯһ£ʶһ㣬ȻûжȥȴûöԼ
ֻͷߵС˶Ц˰ɣϲǧ𷸴ŶȻ׿ɲ顣
ԡϲͷʱٷǱ´˵УûȥӣǸ㣬һ£
⻰̲סˣһѱССƺͦǳײ͵һ㻹ϣ͵Żᱨ
дʵĻصΪϷƽõٵһµģ㿴ոյʱֶأˡ
ıжίˣֻһ۾ܲˣ̽еͶˣУǾһ¾ˣǱίģ
Ȼ㻰䣬Сӱ㳯һЦ·ոίıȫǻһ
Ȼ˵ĻջأӾԼǸԶŵˣֻԵٵһأһȥࡣ
ҲССĺӷѾ˼ˣǲĺӾȻô˼
Ҫ֪ԼڴԼֻҪ˻ˣȻÿ춼˯һŴÿĶô׬ӣҪǸ˿ץҩЩ¡
ȫ̸ʲô鰮Ҳ㲻϶ϲǵ鷳Ǻһһסģͬˣ
ʱǲǲǷˣҪȻôһҲ̸鰮һԼأ
һĿھôڵ˰죬ʱͣˣ컹û磬ڼƻˣһͣʹźȥߡ
˼Ž·ȴʮŢߣŪЬӣҲֻʵʵĻؼңⳡµĲС
ϵ·һĶϵˮͻȻϵЬЩˣ֮ǰϲЬ
ϴŵĻԼױһ˫Ƕ÷ָİɣͷ˫Ьӣ̫ƵľͲˡ
.

ٰʮ£һǣ

˵ЬͲӵЩЬӣһ˫ǺϴЩɵģûĵطͶ˳ȥ
ͻȻе㣬Ȼ׬ӣ׬ҲٵˣǴδԼϻ٣õѶû
ϴĻҽݿǼɫŵȹһվֱһ׵СһôܴƾɵЬӣ
ʵҲûעô࣬ЬӲͻϴһΣ컹ǻģԭûģ߶·
еĵطһ·һЩ·ЩȻḽЬϣԾͺ࣬оȥɽϣ
ĵҶʲôıȽ϶࣬մЬӵײÿδɽ㶼Ҫһ½ŵմŵҶӡ
⳶еԶˣųȥֻܹԹԵĻݶҿһһ£ˣɴ§ӵڴ˯
йͿɾˮɣæʱ˯أ
ǰ˯ԼûҲ۾˯ˣһ춼ˣҹȻ꣬Ӳ֪ʲôʱ򲻼ˡ
ȡŵľȻһʱ˯㣬˯еܰûκǣº͵ģ
㿴ҲûȻ۾Լ˯˹ȥȫǸʲôʱò
˯ţ۾Ǹ˯ѵģߵһ鷢𵽶󣬾ôĿ˯
ӵڻѾö첻ˣֻȣ죬˯þأ
ⳡһֱһϣ춼ĺܺڣڶ峿ŷѾͣˡ
˯ľ࣬磬Ƕû˯ѣ㴩ϴɽ ǣԼֻСͻȻġ
һǣأȴΪҪɽҰӣΪﻹӣ˻ޣ
һɽͷժ˲СҰݮͻؼˣȥϽ緹㻹óȥһˣЩ֥
Ȼ֪±ԸµȥˣΪ㲻ôԶأҲȥˣ
»ƪע⵽ˣ촩һѣ֮ǰЩĳСˡ
.

ٰʮ£

һ۾˿ﵽ˶٣ע⵽ҲʼˣԭķͿûˣһŹԼĸ֣
ټϸ߱˫ƤҲɸ̾аգԭǸӣСٹһʱÿġ
̵ģԼлĵ˵⻹Ҫллˣǲ֪ҽڽϣö˶Ŀأ·Ҹ˸һ
ЦЦȥԼлû뵽Ǹ黨ҲϲˣȻֵ˶ͭ壬ǺôҲǻһ⡣
ͦϲ黨Ҳ͸ˣ˺ðδˣʱ㷢е㲻һˣ
·ʱŲӯƵģ֮ǱȽϴҹģԼǻģɣô˵ˡ
ҲͲٹʲôˣ˵㵹֮ǰҽҩǰ˵ȥĸףһζôȥˣ
ǰʱһֱæүϳҽݣҩʲôģȻҲºˣڷû£ȥҲС
ϲȥˣ޿ǿʵĺܣһҲˣ˵ɾ͸ɣغžͳȥ
ռе·ߣҵңֻʱŽڼңǸĸܳѼϣ
ôȥʱһ
΢־ȵʵףҼ˰
ͷǸССص԰֮ǰ˵һֱûգڲпչŴ򿪣ҽȥۡ
ȥ۵ǿԣǿԵģǧҪȻᱻҧߴģ
һȷʵ˵ֻҪ˴ͻᷢ񣿡
ǵġ
ͷ߹򿪣˵Ļĸ׷ԭܿǱŹǡǿϵ
¾ͱȽ׵һЩŮԾ̫οŴͶŮԱȽϲˡ
㿪ţ̤Ժ￴ʰľȻûбҶãܿҵġ
.

ٰʮ£һʱ

Ȼ̤ӵһŵζıǶˣζԴĸ׵ϣһȥֻǸŮ۹
ϵ·Ҳ֪ûϴˣͺȣͷɢģ˺·ϴͻζҪŮ˱ֽţֻܿǽϣŹֿģ
㱻Ѭŵһͦ˼˵ζͦذɣϧ˴ҪҪȻкھӻԸɾ·ġ
ʱһʮһɣεЦЦҲ˵ʲô
ǰסӽĸףʱ˯ţƺҲȣ㿿ĸŮҲ۾Ŀ㡣
ĸǰ˻ΣҲԼƵҡڻħĻ˵£ǹβģˣڸңʲô
仰ƺĸ뵽ʮֿµ飬ֻۿնֻͣ᲻ͣظ˵Զ㣬ң
Լĸ˵ɩӣɣ˵׼һҪ񣬱̫ҧģ
ͷ𾪵ĿĸŮ˵ͷһĸ׶Դǰ ĸ׾ûаҪļ
ƽǽ¾㹻Ĺۣĸ׵Ĳү޲ߣʵ˵Ҫĸ׵ʱܵģ
㲡ûԼĸκãٷ ȻţôҲ˺ԼڿԼĸڵĥԼƤһĻˡ
еЩȫûзһĸƺ֮ǰҪƽ
һ˼ģеʵôɩĸ׵ķˣ
һ֪Ķأһȥĥһ£ƵĻҪǮһ룬ͨѨķʽĸ׾һЩġ
ȫκҲ˵һжݵʱ䱣ѣֻõһʱ䣡
ӶҪʳģȥŪһҲû˵ʲôֻм˵̫ллˣѾѾܺˣĪ˵һʱ䣬һҲȵˡ
̫ԼĸˣС˶ĸţֻôɵӣĵӢţǿĸ׵İģ
.

ٰʮ£˭

ĸҪԽ赼Ϊ߳Ӱͻúܶˣ֮ǰȥ˽һĸﵽ׶ʲô
Ҳûʲôѣؼҵʱϻ˳һ֪֪ĸ׵¶˵ûʴˣ
ֻԼҵļţ˵ʵҶôģֻһֱؿƿ˵֪Щ¡
ɻĿŻǵʲôԭ׷ģʲôʵ¶ҪҲôţ
֪ЩŮͰ˵˵лǴ㾹Ǵû˵ĸ׵£ɼҲʲô¡
ʵĸ׿ɲ⸽ˣĵ֪ĶŮӣӲ˼Ҹ˸ӣĵʱҲͦģȢֻһ
ʱĸ׹ĺܲþͶˣ˾һֱڼңŶ̤һҲ˺˵ϼ仰
ǷˣĵҲ˼У˭ŪĲ˵Ҳõɣ
ȿȡûﻹи˽ֲµ츳ģҪǵС类˵ˡ
ĸ׹ȻǱ۸˵ģͻȻʶĸ׻ָ¹̺ƴ󰡣
ƲЩ˵ſھһ䣺ȻˣΪû˰͹٣
ʱѾˣ˭оٷôˣҪǲڿ¾͵ó԰ټҸˣʱԼӶã˭ҲٶһԼʳ
ЩҲ̲ס̾⺢డѧԼϴɨٴ㻹Ҫȥɻӡ
Լ˲ϳԵöȫԼϣԭûģĸ׾˺ԼҪûͰԼĥˣ
ʵ¹ĸ׷һڴ˿лһ˵¹عҲҽһȥҲû
ţͿ߹Ӱ߹ʱҲ˲Ϻͻ˵ʲôˣ仰Ȼ׷
ӻҳҲûԵúܾȣֻǹģԼ򵽵֥ŵУһӣóġ
.

پʮ£

˵֥飬ɾʮ˵²˳٣ýϱƽʱҪ죬ǽİɣһóȥؾڽϰڸ̯ˣ
ôԵģ˵ˡ
ʱͰѶȫ׼ˣȵһ˯˾æʵѡĸûʲô
ΪһôˬﻹȵģǰҰݮ֭ȻŴ׷С
ǣˮϹһŪŹҪȻٶҲ̫ˣҰݮǺɫģ
㻹ˮڵȻ֥飬֥Ҳرġ
ûõֽ ˮֽ㻹ġ
ҹĹԼʮģ⻹ûзгСģЩͲ๻ˣЩĺȥϪˮߣ
Ǳ֮ͣûżгС飬ʱȥʱкˣ΢΢ʱŵԼһѵȥϡ
ΪﻹҪֻڼУֵĽֵռ˸ض˸С̯ӣ·˿ֽŵĶҲ׷ʲô
ҲСˣһС˼ҳ˳óԾ򣬽ջһʳͣÿһһ򣬶еģ
󲿷ֶȥԼҺӳԣļ۸Ҳرôһֻʮͭ壬һгɺüء
µ׻ǰӵĸĸ࣬ĵֻҪӳҪĸټ˵ûȰ˵ĸһҲȱġ
ЩӦֵĿδģԵһʱܾùֵֹģЩӾûУ
ô˵ȥ˾У̶һʱĹĵľͱˣʰ׼ؼңȴס
Ϊ׵ӳһ࣬ɵ˵Сӣ֪֪ʲôط˵İ̯÷Ҫڣʲô÷Ҫģ
˳ָĵطȥһҵʱʲô׵ģŶԭ˼ҵ̰̯˼ҵⶼˡ
磬ͲܹˣǶ룬ǵĵĺóԣôô׾ǵ⣿˵ǲ
.

پʮһ£

ɷĴҲ£ͼǽ⻰Ǵ̼ˡ
ϴ̧־ͳһȭû˼Ҿͱץס󶯵ãղ򲻳ȥо涪ˣ
ǰϴִȳ ûиղôˣͨոһĻҲ֪һˡ
Ŀཡ׳Ⱥ˵ϴܻ书ҲҺˣһЦĸһ˵λֵܣǸӣĵط̯ɣ
ȥĵطҲ٣ҪǷˮãȥ˱׼ܷƣͱǶ¡
浱ˣʵ˵˵ʲôطôãôԼΪʲôȥ
˾ƭȥĵطϵ
ֻˢˢָһҵ̣ͬ˵ûǸطһ쵽õĺܣҪǷˮⲻôá
ɵϸһֵò˵ȱ°Ȼȥ˼⣬ԼΪ˼Ҳ·ǲã
ҲûӾˣѰ˼´λĵط̯ˡ
һԵľˣֵҲ֪´λˣǸ˸㲻ˣ
Ҳûϴã˵ĵӾͻؼˣҲԽԽˣûǲɹ̫ģصҵʱÿߡ
ﻹŸȣǱ㺰һֶؾ֪ĺ˳˸һɶ
˿ܿάˣûڴ˵Լ˶ӻؼҲŽϵͭȫУ
һͭģٰڵʳˡ
ȸԼȷ磬¶һ˿Ц˵ĺܺأСӳ֮һһ򡣡
㿪ĵĵͷͭҸոմźȥ￴˿ǵҩĳƺܺ ɽû˹ܣԼҪò٣
˵Щ·Ѿպջ׬һʵʱˣȥ￴Ҳ֪ҩĳܺãҲһ¹֮ﶼ᳤ر졣
˵ģ׬˲ӻ緹Ҫٺõĸԣ绹ãһ˵̾;öˡ
.

پʮ£ǿһ

ȥϵʱһڷûԣ·϶ѾˣֻŴӻؼһ£ûע⵽ԼӶˣ
ߵ֣ҾͰˣķˣ˵ǰԣȫûθڳԡ
糴˸ƬС̲ˣȻǿŶûʳһ춼ǳЩͳˡ
һͶˣҲԲԷԼǳԵĺ㣬￴ʹڿһ٣
æֹһٶڿ༷ԼףЩԼûԼ֮ĹϵԽԽ
ʵ¶Ͳ£˵ʲôǸư¹˵ʲôʲô޶Եġ
;ܺãǹϵõˣ˵ϵãܰԼôȢ
ƾһձˣĸŮԸǰ޼ɵģ֪ձȴ֪Ϊϳе̫࣬Ӳѱѹյģ
ΪҸô࣬Ҳòһ½⣬ЩҪ֪жҲġ
ƮķζﵹǾöˣһֱ˼ҷǵûУԺȶã
˼Ҽһ˳ҲܹôãٿһӵͬҪôôá
ڳԷоԼϵĿ⣬̧ͷĮĿһеֵֹģû׹ԼѾĮˣ
һۣõĵɹȥ֮ҩζʮ㣬ЩͷۣǸʲô¶ûеģڼ˯
ҪǿЩֻͼûֵ飬ʱȥ䣬һôӣڶԼͦʧģرȥԼ·
˵ȥԼҲͨˮԣΪһȹٰСȥЦˣ޷ǻòҪ
֮ǰ鱾Сĵˮۼû˵ˮֵ̣ȹûһҪ
ԽԽԼˣǵ˵ʳ֮ԽԼǸ׳档
˵ߣûҲˣڴҲȷô˯ˣǱǿһ㣬ǰһҹ
.

پʮ£ѧ

˯ҲڼвסǿݵĲȥ˵ݣʱֻһЩճСݣºӴϢɴҲһȥˡ
˵ˣϲ͵ö߶ŻǿӲ˯ѿһ˵ļȴˣ֪Ӹɶȥˣ
һ۷һũߣһ֪˳ȥˣȰֵأԤУڷܵ˹ҩģǿ϶ܳܺãüǮ
һ˯ĿɾˣֱӴ˯ӵʱ򣬲Ϊģ򵥵ϴһ£Ȼͺӻ
硭һ˼ҵŮӵȷһ
뵽ʱͻȻ۽һæ˦˦Դ뷨ӵһߣô뷨أǿ¡
ıĺӻؼʱͿһǷ˴СһıֱϴֵʱֱʵҲڼʲô£
ŹֵĿһۣʲô£ΪʲôҪôʣ
ЦһԼһͿ°ǸӣӲΪʲô𣿡
ſھͷϵûУûУ϶ǿˡ
ŲЩСأ
ûоûаɣҲʣΪµظɻˣ泩ⷹҲԽԽ㣬ľͨķˡ
Ȼ˳ʲô㣬Ҫ֪֮ǰԼ˰ӳſҲû㣡
˯ֲ·ѵĲôֵڴͭ壬ĵ˵ӣЩͭѾ˵ˣˡ
һӰ㺰ˣͣǮĶʵոսɶ
ӰĶǲǷ۾Ŀ㣬֪Լģжɰء
һӲ˺һȻ֣µ˵㲻ܽӡ
նû˿صĺͿſھͻصõϱ
ҲѧƤˣӾͽϱ˼ǲģǺĸûϵ
㣬ѧںʲô˵żѵ˵һ仰
ѧˡ
.

پʮ£ԭ

һȴһЦӽ̵з
Ǳ˵С𾪵Ŀû뵽˵ֻǰôû֣ǸɧС
ô㱧ųͭ͵ڴϣݺݵ˵ٺЩͭһ㣬㻹Ҳ˵
ɣΪƤ첻ˣ˯ɣƺˣ±û˯ˡ
ģǵŴ׷õĲˣȥһЩȻ󿴿ûеطһɣ
ĸ׵ԼɶʱܸĵⰮϺ˵ϰ߰
ȵ˯һһʰ˼ȻôṦ緹ȥϾͲϲˣ
Ǳ֤ǴóԵģ㣬ߴԼϽȥϣȻϽ
صûмȥŴ׷ۣһЩ￴룬Ҳ˵ùȥǼ۸еС
ϲҲûв˼ֱӸһף߳㻹ʵΪ˸βǵõһͭ壬ҪһǮ᲻ܼͦҵģ
ᣬһѣһûʲôرϲĶ
֪ͱŮ˲һ˵ϲ鱦ԼƯѣͿĺܵ
ðɣȥʳȥٸϲóԵľͻؼң룬֮ǰȥʳȥ
ֱӰʣµŴ׷ȫˣƹЩɵۣҲ֪ЩؼҪɶЩҪ˼ʮŴס
־ôණƹҲڵƼԼҵĴҲͦõģ
ͬʱƹ氡һʮŴףɲǳԲ׵ˣôˣֻŴףôŴ׻ȥʲô
Ҫ֪ŴճԴ󣬳˻ᵼãٻôؼҳԵģƹɶʵʶλôճ׻ȥʲô
ɷµ˵ȰҾϲŴ࣬ģ
ƹҲɵӣ֪˵Ϲ˭ʮŴ׻ȥ󣬿϶бԭ򣬲Ҳ֪㲻˵Ҳûˡ
.

پʮ£

Ŵ㻹ЩͺСԻؼһȣһҲûҪ׵˼ƹӶˣ
Ҫ֪ôŴףôļǮ˵˿ܶţǼʮŴƹֻⲻ׬
ⲻϾͿƹżѵЩҪȻҲô
㶼ַˣôٵôŴף׬ˣŴ׺Ŵ׷۵ֿտգ
ؼǰҲû˸ʳԣϲ⣬ЩʳؼңһֻռǰһΣܰԡ
궫ջĻؼңżʮ׻ؼңôĽۺ죬Ϊ˵ûʲôˣ
˭֪˼ҸĶһûԵӣ￴ŵ۾ҪɳˣǾȻôණ
̲ס߳ȥס뿴ǴﶼʲôȴɫĶ㿪Ҳ
ûƤû˵ôףĸ˳Ե׶ǳµģ棬ҪָһЩ
˼˵Ҳ˵Ϲգ۵˵㲻ǰԷǰһ᲻øǣͷҸ㷬ɣճ˵ģ
ճףｫŽɵĿոӵʱ׵ģ浽Ǵ׻ճͲˡ
ҲԼճ׶ץһСѸ㿴ɣ˼ʳճױˣǲŶһЩؼҶš
Ȼ￴еճʱʱûȤոûƤûģҲУһΪɶöأûǮ˰ɣʼʳ˵ʱʳˣ
֮ǰ˵ʲôţ͵ſأ˼˻ôûӣһصӲݣͿܳŵɶʱ
ֻռصʵζûŵˣҪȻָñȥ
صңռȻǿĵģܿ˿ģǮҲֵˣ
Ъһ׺Ŵ׷۷źҲԱȷ磬粻ʲôˣԵˡ
࣬˾ױʣһҹͻ΢ζȻǰˣ
.

پʮ£ȥѧ

ʱͺӴԣֻǱʵģûа취ֻܼζСĸӳԣҪȻ͵öš
֮ǰڹرˣúӳһڱʵĶܾЩԲסӶģȴҪһԽã
ûô࣬ܵˣר־⣬Ȼ󷢼¸ϳɹ֮·
㻹ӳ⸱طûԭģȻҲûӣһӵˣ
棬۵ģһƳջ˵ϲȻҲȥֶûһǳɹġ
Ȼ˵϶ǮҲΪԷˣҩҲĺܺãǰʮֿɹۣ
ĿŵϣҲСˣǱҲƴ׬Ǯѻͽѧ飬ֶ˼
лŽһ㻹ͦĵģ
ϲˣ§ʵϲ벻ȥѧˣǼҲһЩܹϲġ
Ҳ֪ˣǸסӵģȥҪ˵ǣŸĩ͸һˣ
סӣ㲻ӶںӺһЩҪϡ
ôһӶ׷׵ͷߴߴ˵Ȼȥѧˣ嶫ͷİȥˣˣڼҿ飡
¶Ľ֮ɫǰű鿴һֱԺ֮ȥ
ϲֻͷҲ˵ȴпϲСԴһҪϲҲѧã
֮ǰȥǸ˽ʵʱǸͦŮӵģϲܲȥʵҲ˵׼˵Ƕһͭζˡ
ӣϲѧõֻ»˲ϲֱӰ쵽ӣ
ʱԺֳָĻһŶۣҲֻϻķƷУһ˵Ϳء
ϲĵ˵Ȼϲȥ׾ʹȥѧüô
ððͽȥѧˣ˵ııҲġ
ϲ侲ˣֿ˵лл׷ȥѧã
.

پʮ£

֮ǰ붼İĪ˵һû׵ģСþе׵Ƕ˵ȥѧá
ϲһõˣһ͵ܵܣ׹ǵģ
лʲôȥϴϴֺСǵǾͿ
ķȥݣҲأȺɹ͵˵䣬ɻҲô
٣һε˿ܶÿ˷ôŲӻˣ˲ͷĺ顣
˵ôôŻأûôӲݵġ
ҲҩľͲܵµˣҲȥ￴ԵǸʲô֪ģ
ֻ̾˿صǵĲǲ࣬Ҳ꿴ҵһ˶Ŵ̫ڵݣʮĶһ˹ܡ
صĲݳǿĶϸߵˣȻҾ°һ£ҪȻԼ֪æʲôʱأ
ȻǳںĹȥæȴûõһЦôҲϰˣ֪Ǹѵ ҲָԼж顣
ĽҲû˵ʲôҪ˵ûûΰôɷôȵȥҲһ£
˵ˣҲǲзˣ˾ͲܰȥݣǸԵĿ壬ﻹǸء
ڻβܣȵԺܵģָɸˣǿô̯ôһң
緹ʱҪϲȥѧһ£ûκ飬ʾʮͬȥĵʱһȥӾǡ
ϲǸ˻ˣ˯ˣ´ŵףµܳȥˡ
ǡӺʹСҲ˯ˣܹȥԻ˵Ӹ磬˵ҪҺͽȥѧ飡
ԺǿһʶˣʲôʱȥӰ˵ʹȥˡ
ӻͦΪ˵ģȴеϧ˵ﻹûܹÑˣҿܲܺһȥˣȥҹ˼ȥˣ
ʱӾ˵ˣһϲĵĻһһ䡣
ȥѧأҿǸҲʲôˣѧ÷ӲҰֶ֪
.

پʮ£Ϸ

ǣҰҲ ϲһŮҲȥѧãǻؼҸɻŮɣ˼ҲŮӵġ
˻Ӵ󲿷ֺӶڽû˵һûСС͵ľ֪ʱˣˣĴ󲿷ֶǼȽϲͲȥѧģ
ϲҪȥѧȻۺĽһҲûûϲĲ֪ˣ֪˵ǲġ
Ҫ˽ӵķĲǣôأ
˯ͿʧӲԼߣƺڵԼ
״͸Ͻʵôˣողǻͦĵģôһֲˣ
ץסּе˵ף˵ѧУķӲҰ֣Һͽǲȥѧˣ
һ£Ȼ֪С˵ʲôˣɵЩűֺ˵˵ǲŲʲôҰ֣еףЩ˺Ǿۺ㡣
ղǣǻûȥô֪ղգǽÑΪʲôգԲԣ
ǿͷóǺܲˣû˯ѣӵɣҪҲˣھʹȥѧüӺòã
һͷҲ˵һ仰ЩС˵ĻǺܴģֻ֮취ӵõӵϿɡ
ǲҲ͸ðĵģ뵽㺰򵥵ĺ˵£Ȼһǣһȥ
֮ǰµĺɢȥˣѵһҲҲˣԸϽȥϣʱͷͦġ
ΪҲûˣźӰСʱ͵ϵ˽ӣǾҲ˯ˣֱ˽ӵĴš
ŵǸӴˣʱ΢еԾ
λͺͦ磬Ƚ˵ɣȡ
λӵͦõģٱǰλҪãϷ
Щ߽˽ӣʱѾвͲͬĺҡͷԵıʫʣһĻҲûôʧˣ
ûע⵽ҲЩȴ㣬ϻšԼ໹ؼ˽ӻӾͲ²ǲú顣
.

پʮ£֮

ȥˣĸǵ̸߷Ҳ㶼ʲôˣһɶ˱裡
֮˵ĺãԲûȤȷ֮㲻˵ӿӿ飿

ӹŹֵĿһۣĿ⿴±û˵ʲôϲԵĲͬܽϲĺܸɾɡ
ֻ⸸˵ҿ˽ǿԵģǧ𡭡ܱǸѧõķӽ̵Ķ徭ٳŮŮѵЩ
ǾϲкѧŮرѧ飬Ҳرɶ£֤ʲô鷳
֪ϲٻеѣҲʹ˷ȥ飬ϲȥжѹأ
˵ʲôȴ˺һ˵ҪҪ˵ڴ˵Ⱥܿ
ϲеʧ䣬㰲οš
һߣԼʦ̳ſڱӣ޶ԼҺİɣ
ǰҪȻʲô⻰ʵģҳк£˻أ
ӶԴ̬ȻǺº͵ģϾټ֮һҪ˽ӳô˶Ѻ͵ء
൱˽ӵĻƣԴ̬ȻҪЩϾԺܻɸţǾСͷһˣ
ֻͻȻԼȣɫص˵ӣҽҪӣһԷҲǵĸӸ·ġ
ҰֱӲʻ˽ӣɲ˵ֵ׵Ĵ
ǲ˭Ӷڷ˵Ҳûʲôϵ׷ʶҪô֪˼ô£
ȻϵõģϸϽұ磬ֻҹùô߼ģҹùú缺Ľ
Ȣ֮ͷⲻǰʱ仹ҹùˣǸŮҲʲôöһТҹùã
ЩĻˡѧ˵ڣ֮ĺʲôúӣǣһǰܻ˽ӵô죿ⲻһһ
ɷµʵƭӣҲûκηģһˣҲĻ
.

İ£ֻ

Ӿѯʵڸô죿ôҲ̫ÿɣܵиɲǰɣ
ôˣɫҲÿֻ࣬Ŀں˵ԷǮֻܰÑ˵Լˣ
취׼ãǰʱҹùñõӳȥǶֱһԲТТϱ
ļ仰Ҳͬĵͷû뵽˳һĿģȻĲ
Ӻ̸صʱԸо̬䵭࣬ոôºˡ
ֻޱ˵ѶŮ˽ҲǲԵģÑͦģλȷҪѺ͵
ǸʷӣһÑӣһۣԶֲõԤУٶڷˡ
ֻĮĻصÑǰһյģһӰꡭʮһʮ֪λΣ
Ŀˣ̲סֱվÑҪҲ̫˰ɣϻʣķ˵ÑһҲûеġ
Ӿ˵ĹȻûҲ˵û취ʱǵģֻ˵ǶλãûǼǰӹ
˵㣬ĿһϲѾ֪ʮǶӣ˵ԴήҵĻһ
ڱ˵ˣǹⱦһҲ𰡣˽δ̫ˣȫ߸
Ĭ˵ҪǳÑ߰ɣµŴء
ҪˣĻѻһ鼮ӾͰһ֣
ûð취㻹ǴźˣŴСʧǵӶڰˬˣ֮ǰôԴԼ
Ǳʳֻˣ̹˺ö࣡
ȫ֪ΰοˣ˵ȥѧˣһգõжʧ䡣
һΰֻ̾ԼûûãӵÑֻѹԼȫȥǲ˽Ǳ̫ˣ
ؼҵ·Ǻ«һϸİοӣؼͺú׬ӣȡհȥ˽ӡ
.

İһ£ǲĹ

ܾĶֵֹģԴȥһ˻˶ˣԭ㻹óϣ͸㽽һˮ
ǳȥһˣ˵£ô˭ʲôأ
벻ֲܻͨȥǷӣҲֻôա
˴źĴ˹䣬˵С֮Żؼңṳ̂ڴﻶЦ
еˣʲôЦӣһ˵Ÿоʮֶ죡
žⲻ˽ӰѷӽǸ˵ôһ˲ôˣ̫ʱû˸һɶ
ſ˳ӾͼϣⲻǵСͯߣ
浱ԼʲôǮ˼ҵүСˣȥ˽Ӷ飬ҿҲɽһӵļ
˵һΪģôһ˵ֻĺ۵һͿˡ
侲Ķ˵ȰϲؼҺ壬еҪ˵
ͷһֱһӻ˼ң̤ţһܵǰ޶һһʵǲǸ˵ʲôͻȻӵģ
˵˵ʲôӲĺ˵Ǻ⣬ʲôϵ
࿴뺷һӾˣͻȻԼҲԼԷ˵˻£ȻǻŪ
ҰַſûûĶ߹Ĵ֣ȴһƵһߣǰǸǸأ
ٴʵһ飬ʵǲĹ
ػ˵Żص涯ֽôˣҰָȥ˽ֵط㣬˼ҷ˵Ҳʵ
ΪˣТĸ˼ҷӾ˴ĺҲɶöŲյģҪƽʱˣٷǰ˵ǻ
оԼҪˣԼùǲϹ
û㶼ҪɱЩ¶˵ĲᣬסĲӲûŪ
.

İ£Ҳ˵׼

ʱֹ㣬Աŭе˵㣬侲㣬ŪԼҲôȥΪԼֵġ
Ļ˶Ѹٵ侲ಱӵ־ҲഭŴ̰ĺſ
Ȼ⻹û꣬Ҳ֪ĶôȻֱԼſڡ
ָﻹʿ˵ǸúõĵǸҪȻ밲Ȼ뿪
ҲǷºݻˣҧϸСҰֵͷһĻҲ˴֣㾹ȻһӿƵģɵö־壡
ֱŮɲһɢһ˲ҿҲ֪ôˣһ˱Ƴӡ
㣬ſұ磬ָ֮һôܻСӵǸ
ʱ򲻵ò˵ĵʣȻ˵ͱһۡ
Կñ˵ʲô̼㣬ҪȻʲôҲ˵׼
ԼˣԹԵĺ֣صǸŷŹҲ˵ˣԺټһһΡ
Ǻ˲һ⻰ʵԣôβˣûֿټʵ̫£Ҳ׷ɢȥ
ֻлûߣļеʵôˣʲôˣôˣ
ʱͼĨᣬΪ۸ӣ֪鱻ƻ˵¡
̾˿鳤˵ˣҲŭӣҲ̫Ǹˣ˵ӵҪˣ
ô򣬴˶Ϊ⻻˭ҸĸҲĻţŤͷС־ۡ
ˣոպķѵҲ̫ˣԼޱƣᣡ
ںлţοԼúһ׮£ȴ뱻ƻ
ҹӴ˴޵׵۾ʵһʼûôϲͲнˣ
һҡҡͷǺ޺޵˵̺ͱ嶼ǻˣûдҲܹף鲻ͲԺ󱦶һȥ
.

İ£

ϲҲͬĵͷȻûϳѧãӵ־ҲûбĥҲǲеˣ
һԵԼӵСԴ˵Ҫô˵ʶ֣õĴɲѧЩŶ
ҪȥϸķıԺǾ͸ѧϰʶô
˽һµͬ⣬ͲˣʱʵôҪҪʶ֣
һҧ˸֣ҲУڶһʹűīֽˣ⻹һӺСʻ
СӱŵԺĵطǸͽģЩ֪Ķ鱾
徭ԼŮҪŮŮѵУҲѧĲˣЩСһԼǺЩˣ
ҲǷ޶Ƕûôˡ
ְֵĽдԼ֣ѧҲͦ棬ѾдԼˣȻе
ſһĻʾ֮Աǣ˵СӸŮѧɣڵһ죬ӽ̳ТŮҿԺ˭ա
ǾͲĸˣܺôˣһζûкɫ˵ʵҲҲ뿴
ô˵أ޹ģôҲǣͷϣӿ޵ôҲ޶Եģ
Ҳ̫ǶˣҲԼ䲻飬ÑҽģôԼÑ𣬻˼顣
˼ҳȥ̯д׬ԼÑãҲӦǾ仰ˣһ˲һţ
ͷﲻҲ⸱ֻҪԼֺеģҲһ㲻ܣǹĺòڡ
ûȤҲͳȥ˳ƪȥˣ浽˵ԼĻ˵˺һܣڻﻹŵģ
ǽ죬ûܰѻôϳ˿ҲûüǰΪԼ֣ܶ򲻵ˡ
ÿζԿίģһˣò˵֮ɽﶼЩɵˣ֮ǰ뼷ͼˣ
.

İ£޾ɺ

պӼ͵Եģͷĵˣһëʽ̺д֣߽һֽдԼ֡
ּɷʮƮݣȫǳѧдģԱ߻и򵥵ģȴ㿴ˣ
û̹дԼ֣ڵĵȷȷд˳òҲʶֵİɣ
԰дıҺÿˣôдģʶ֣Ϲѧ𣿡
ͻȻһ飬עϣֱӺӣ
ֻ˰ŸƵĻص֪˷ģʶˣҲûȥѧá
⻹һֽд֣ǰøСľڵϻҲ֪Ǹʶֵģ
һ֪ҲͲٶʣֻѽ̺дνˣЦźһЦ˵õӣ֤Ѻӽ̳дһֵֺˡ
ʱǽһ찡գۼһʱȥˣСҲ˲ͭˣҪ˵һʱ仯Ŀɾǻˡ
̶̼µʱͿٵ㿴ͦģرǴƯȹ֮Ǹ˶
һʱ֮ͷѴΪ廨綼ѹȥˣɽÿδӻؼҲǱرǿԼͶ۵ĿʱԼ޸ˡ
ȴе㲻˼ˣ˵֮ͳȥϹ棬ÿæ׬ӣ˽ӵӲ඼Լ׬ģ
ڻǷ˾˵Լϱжôôã񵱳˵˼һ˲һǰôı仯û΢΢ᡣ
ǻԴѧãÿؼ֮ϲ˵˵ѧʲôȻӾķԼѧŵᣡ
ӻϲǰˣһ磬˳̱̽û뵽Լ˼أûеܴˣô飬Ҳʼѧϰˡ
ôŬ㶼˵ģҹϵҲԽԽãʲôóԵĻȥһݣӼкóԵҲӵģ
ﵹǰĺܣûô鷳СתԸһͻȻҪǰӣǰЩ޾ɺá
.

İ£޹

ǲ֪絽ҪʲôȻԼõģνǰӶǴĿģ
˵Щժףȴ˼ĸͷ֮õöؼҡ
ЩСҲ⣬ֻڽӷ統̲ţЩǸһСɡ
ҲѧĻһҲȥرĽۺҲǶ˲ٵˣ
ֻҪƺֻһЩСдҪˣҪձӣȻﴳݾ͵͵ĵ
ʲôİɣ浱ûע⵽ЩСٶأһŵʱͰӽϣñˡ
̺Ӷʶ֣ҹƴķرӣÿζǹӦģ
һĿڵҲԽԽˣԵúãʱҲǱİװֵˣžϲ㻹صظѡ
װɣϲȹǺɫģͱɫģһĿ۵ĶĿģ
ҲۿԴȢ֮ôԽԽãӵۺ⣬ȱӻ
ûӵľĽҵôһӣһʱ֮ڴǷޣү֪ǹĺҲ֪ˡ
Դҽ֮ͺٹ¶ˣÿҽݸ˿ؼұСӣӹҲҸҪҲûںôˣ
Ҫ˵˵һĪķ￪ʼˣŮΰ⡣
ΪǸˣԴѹҲûһʱҲˣĸվǵòģ
ĸҲһЩˣǸŮ˲뿴ͳȥ˸ɻҲһεġ
ҲȰ˵Ǹ㲵Ůˣĵô޹ģƺҲ֪ԼҪҲͽˡ
ʱ䵽˰˾·ݣһΰӣۿű˼ҵũﶼջˣָʱգǵҩҲˣ
ͣȥģλЩҪһգǸʲ㿴ˡ
.

İ£һĿ

ʣһЩʲݼţȵ׳֮ҩӣȵ֡
ҩǴһĿգȴܹ˵Ҫæ
ٻԼҩģԼϸƤⲻɹΪɽˡ
ʮĶأæʮ죬ȥʲϰĿԤϣҪȥĻ˵Ҳüʮˣ
⻹ŵЩûջĵλʲôģʣ°ĶصĸʲݹȡӣЩӶĻҲȥ
˾ôһڵڲݸһǶЩ˭Ҫأ
ЩӵڳĲҩ㲻Լټӹҩ˵һ죬Щҩس˰ɣʵʱҲܶһЩӡ
Ҳۣû˵͵ͷͬˣȻôҩĿɲسˣسǿɱҪԶ̫ˣ
죬ΪĻæ˯˸ƽʱһʱͷѾ˴ＸСӰæҩˡ
Ҳ֪ĶģĵҲ֪עˣȥسǰ⻻һõѣ
ν˿װһѣͷ룬ָߴģôСϱ￴
綼ǵһηȻôÿҪ֪ǰǺģźݣ࿴һ۶룬ܷжÿˣ
һݸʱ˲Χۣʱǰ˵ŻǱߵĶ˵ЩȥɣسԶǵ˳ǰ·Сĵ㣬ǵñˡ
İɣ֤ӣذɣˣ
ûлأȵŻؼңʱȥ˿˿ɾӣһЩ˲еŮĶ߶࿴ۡ
ǿòĲܰ׾ͿһЩδŮӷ׷ͶȥĽ
ƤҲ̫˰ɣҲûټڴȵȥ߶ôɹȴԽԽأ
˰˼⣬ֻл֪ܣڼòҩƵҩ֮ҲҪһЩؼҡ
ԼµʱԱףεĲȴһɫΪЦʮ죡
.

İ£õĽ

˾ͷ⻹ûʱػͰԼʵʵģʵΪסһɫĲӡ
ٽ̺ЩʲôȴͻȻԼ̵ܽĶ̸ˣͲ֪Ҫ̵ʲôˣ
̲ס̾ǵðѺ͵ѧȥǱʲôʱýʲôмƻģôǰѺӵ۸ȷˣȥѧҲûº۱ˡ
Ҫϵ˽ǱڣˣʲôҲҰѺȥξӶԼ˵ǸٹˣҲܹ˽һԼΪˡ
߾Ǵ˵·Ұ֮Ļ˿ڼд˵ķݶϻ˵ЩˣȻһӲڣ
ȻһЩСӻǻ˵ģǲ֪ʲôǶԴ֪˵Ļϲ˺ҳҲĽ˵ЩС
ǡźȥûʶǵĵط¿ʼҲͲ֪ϲԼĺӣ
ȻҲͲʲôҰ֮Ļ˵һϼƣҩĴգȥسӰ
ȻɽȥسĵĻܶഫȥһЩôⶼСسǺõġ
ĥЩʱԼǸ˵ܹˣµʱıǰǱ·Ҳ֪ûϴŵһŵζ
ΪҶ÷£㻹ھ˵㲻ˣ治֪ȥҲûиһš
µܣǰģĸŮǰô׽һϢҲû
ŵ£ֲɵӣ֪һңԾǶҲͷ
֪ڣȥˣҪٴ£ҲͲߡ
ϸе㲻ԾûԷһ˵ûֱӴϿǲﲻ
Ҳ֪ûϴˣ϶Ǻ࡭
ôţȴһͷԵڵϣĴֲ
ιôˣѰͻ޴һָֺܿ򶨡
һУһֻһҪеõһõĽۡ
.

İ£

ֻһתѣݺݵТŮҽȥЪһҸ㽲ҿǿҪˣǰһ棬
ȴûԼֱԺĵ
ŮԺ˭Ҳû˵һ˲һ˵ȻôϲﻹҪţ
۾̾͵ס㣺ҾţޣȻ޸ռҵˣռҵĹ
ⱲӶҪҵţźҵģھȻܣ㻹˵Ҿţǰôˣǣ
˼ֻηû취ȥı˼롣
ôúýһ£ȴͻȻӦԼݺݵ϶֪÷ǸĶˣ
㣬֪ĶȻң͵øʵصʲôطˣҾ˵ǸŮųܣôôб£Լˣıߵģ
һף뵽Ϊ壬㻹ûʲôµˡ
ʵ治֪ȥӣұ֪Ҳ˵ģҪ˵ӣðǧ
Ҳű͵͵һۣȻϲϲԼҷ⹫Ͼ׵ĸס
˳ͬ⹫ã
ڸӶµĺӣˣϧ顣
ɫĿһ۽飬˭⹫ұϣҺˣ
ϲȴҲû˵ʲôԹԵߣ⹫ʲôġ
Ů֮ôĬ˻ᣬͷϣǵգʮֲɣ㿴Ҳˣ绹£
ҿɻȥָأ˵֮ǰһҪһģα֤㿴Ҳûˡ
ڱ˵ⷬʾмǸưܵļңʲôҪĸ׹ܵģҿҪձʰ̯ӻծİɣ
ǧȷǲ֪ĶҲûйκϢ֮ǰܼܲͿˡ
֪ҪˣȴһѹûУľⶼҵġ
.

İ£ɫ

ûôɫƣúĻҲʮϣĶ⸱Ǳģ
Ҫˣ÷ǿĵİɣԺҲĵ°ˣҲѾسǶˣΪɶûԼһϢأ
ʱ룬취ߣǴˣȻôһŴһӣĶĵط
ҲҪߵ˼ˣӲҸ㽲Ǹӣҿɾָչأ
ҪǸߣǾǴТҲ뱳ɣֻѡһԼźңǰһͽˡ
ô˵ΪԼжҲĺٺٹЦ˿Ǿһüͷ΢壡
˵ҲˣҼضҲˣĶиסĵطҪɣؼȥź㻹У
㵱ȻźǶ÷˵һ㣬˿ǹ߻ĥ˵ģôԼȻԼϽѶ÷һ
˼ңʱƷһ㣬Ҹչһ¾ͺˣǵҲڼķˣܸͭźͷ̫̫ɶģ
ԼҲ䲻ʲôôʲôԼ׵ڼｻһ˾ͲܣĻǻһɽŮ˿д
Ⱥ˾ǵ͵ĳԱû¸ɣͷôܼĲҲĴǣ
˵ʵʵҲ죬ǲ̫ϲ̫̫ˣЩ˻Цӱ¿ˣڵһҰ֮
ĸȺû˼ƽϣȥ˵ʲôҲ
͵棬һҲģʱȻһ㣬ʮƽˡ
˵㶼ƤĥҲߣҲԼж֪࣬ͻȻĶû˵Ĵȥ
ȻôǱģ棬ϵ۹˲䶼Ū˴ϣһĻ˶ըˡ
ȥǱˣˣ
Ҳһ󶼲Ҫ˳ʴ̱˼ҴϣʱͿôһĻԼƤһԼϡ
.

İһʮ£ùǺ

ǱֱҧţᶼˣĽϵһӲϣ̤ţ
ˣ
ӵ֪ôͻˣʱҲŻƻ裬ԤôҲϲܵء
ߵߣôˣô
Ҳ֪ôǺˣҪҲԼЪһô˯ôһ£
ߣҲкһʱ˰ɣڻôһģǶˣԸƴǺõˡ
ﶼǲмӣɾͲˣҲԼǸɶ˵֪Լϴϴ·
ûл˼˵ʵֻõ˲õĵط˼һЩԼǲܹĺã
ô˵أ֮ǰ̫ɵûЩѪǸŬľСɽ϶һǮˡ
ŲͶʮľ仹ҪһֱģҪ֮ǰж÷һֱծܲܽȫһ
šȻǲܸȵģÿջƵصĶڰ
Цżһ䣬ģƵأ˼ҾƹЩطָҪɽлġ
ЩǲĻţһӴ
ˣǾȻҼңУڹǲˣ׷ծǹĻǰɣȻǹĺãǸɴӼҵ£
ԼǷծԼ취ȥûĿôּ̯Ʒء
˵ɶҲӣҲڱôҪܸծ
Ҫ˵ǰǶ÷̫ɵˣ˾ǵԳԿͷܳԣҪΪǷծ˴зʲôģҲȥġ
Ҳܰһծģҿ˵ڵһҰݣԷ˰ɣ
Ҳǲʾ̼㣬ǵûߣ˴ϣʹ󺰴У˲˿֡
ָ׷ﶼצץŴأճڴһҲǰһߵеǺ
.

İһʮһ£ҿɽ̲

ʵû취ֻźȳȥôҲϵҲֽܶߣҲúܱˡ
Χ۵ĴߣĶ˯ܹôһݣȻǸСûĵطˣ
ͷһѾ˯û˵ԼֵǮһЩĶ˳һĿڵ·˸
ڲҩʲôģܱ֤ǲȤҲ࿴۵ģڼҲ£
ֻǣסϲ쳣侲ȻҪסǾסɣȥסһҲûʲôʳˣŹ˽ͻԼߵģ
أҲûʲôùĵǣűһĿȥ
·㻹Щˣ㽫ԼӶϣǳǮûȣ
еǮӾȵ˵Ĳҩô𣿱ԤƵĻҪأ
ǿɲǣҲ̫ţͷѼЩҲǾܻסˡ
ԼҲһЩ㣬㻹˵ģ¸ӣһĲҩҲˡ
سҲи֮ˣϲ͵سǵѧسû൷ңӿ϶˳ȥѧģ
˼һϲʵ׽̵ҲܺðΪʲôһҪȥѧأ
ЩӣϲϲԼʶ֣ο֮ǰʱǸӸ˲õӡĵų˼ķӣ
Ϊسǣķӿ϶Ҳѧá
ܽǵҲôһ㰡ҿɾͽ̲ˣҪǼҷӽ̣
һǰѽеЩСɬ˵Ȼ˱ĸ׵İžˣѾˣǼӸˣ
ҿǾسӶʱҲ벻Ͼ⣬ﻹûյҩģسǱȲϣһӹĺܡ
ƵʱӾûٹլӣίһ¼סûϵ֮ǵúȥѧã
ѾףҲûʲôȴŵӵʱסĶ
ȥسҲ˵ˣǶѧеطúסֻҪ໨ӣֻǲ֪ϲܲס
.

İһʮ£һ

ͷһ۲ŲҪԼı˵·ϴֲԼӦûɶ⡣
Ǹʮ¾ܻؼģسǵѧþǱϵĺãǰ̫ªˣ
ȻԸȥģСƵĵͷ϶ûģ׾ܷģһȥұ֤ñ۸
̲סЦһ£ĲƺѾʧһɶСĸ˾ôһյȥ
һңҲֻҪһݺܴ㹻ĸ˯ˣԡʲôҲܷ㣬ջʰʰѾˡ
ǵͷ˯Ҳܼǲǻиˣ˯ȴѵĺ磬źڷٰȻ˯治Ľѣ
ϴһûҪѵ˼ֻߺ˺
ԺֻԼߵ㣬ȻؼҰЩҩĶ˹ȻһȥسҩİɣȻȥʲôģ
ãȥҩģˡ
ĻҲû˯⣬ȵߺҲˣȰԼʰ֮Ҳ˹ʲô¶ûУ
ɴʰĸɸɾƯƯģ˼ҵСүС㣬ֵĽ㷢ϲͷϻȱͷʲôġ
Ǳ߸˵˵ϲ緹״ȥô˳ϲ黨ʲôģ
ͷСϲϲĵͷðð
֪ϲҲǰģⲻһ˵Ҫÿ黨㿪ĵЦ
ܹס½ǣüŪ۵ױѱ˰ԺóԵģ
úúáҲҪʲôرϡĶȻǶû˵Ӧʱ̫æûʱ棬п˵úúòһ¡
ĸ緹ҲûڿջԾͳȥˣĥһʱ϶ǻزģǱĴ󵨵ȥ䣡
ϲ˶С黨һҪ԰ӣҲŽȥԵ緹
ջȻзܳԵģҲûŰӣһȦ˵óԵĺģҲ׼źӻȥˣ
˵ģ㷢ֱԻ͵ĵǰ֣ջţǲ֪ɶģȻϲҲ˵ʲôġ
.

İһʮ£ͣ

ʱˣźӻȥˣֵߣֱһ·Żصվ
صջ㿴һ۾ԼҲ԰ɣҪ˵ԼҪˣΪ̫ÿˡ
ֱ˵մһ£űϲͲ̫һǵһۿЩ֣˵̫ýӽ
ջصջûȻǻˣͬСӣûü緹ȻǴģȻܾԼԣб˿š
㿴СӵһӲʱ̲סҡҡͷ˿϶֪Ӳ٣Ҫݺһ١
ķ˶ģ˵ҲʮӣĶһ˳Եģ˵СӣûԹһ
˸նһ˱ͬһԸһɶĲ˶ˣһصĶûУѹûע⵽˼СǱĵ
һԿĶЩˣüͷ΢΢𣬵ʲôû˵ڣҲͽǰԼһذɣ´ξԲẰǰæˣ
˵һӲ˵ļǮ㹻ҺüʮˣӵҲûִţҲٳȥҲֻԡ
һӵĺþƺòȴûԼڣӱ֮㵽һߡ
ʲô˵㰡㸸׻ۼûأһ治ˣô찡ܲĸһôźɣ
಻;ùⲻȥΪԼ徻ԼĸͻȥֻҲҪ͸ˣ
һ룬־ǱӦϾΪձô͹ģʱһܼˣԲѰٻġ
뵽ǸʱԼе㲻飬˻ԼϱǲƽǰЩˣ
ҲǱް취°ӷת취
ͬʱ˵ҵŰˣԼԸԸ˵أп֪˾ôҲԸˣ
һ·߲ͨˣֻ취ʵڲǾסһ죬ΰҩĶ˹˰ɣûʲôƷҪĵġ
ǸҲͣ
˵Ҳе
ͻȻһ˼ģǴ֪Լǰ˵ͦеģû뵽⵽ز
.

İһʮ£

ǰĶټ
¥Ƕ˹ƵóϺһԲǲˣҲôǣϲ֪з£ɵĲҴǡ
˵֪ϵĶķĶǻǷ˼ӣ
Ŵ΢ɫ뵽һԼ⣬˵е㲻£ȴҲΨһİ취
һᣬǲȷʵ˼öķȥ
ţڶķЩ˵Ǽ֮ǰ˸ͨ籨ţΪòЩ˴ʲôġ
ѹϲĶԻȥûҪú֪ǻС
֮Ҫͨ籨ţһΪǸҪıУ뵽ȳʲôģ
ʱ򻹵ԼźԺȣʱǵû徻ʵ䷴ģձȫָסġ
УҶ֪ˣû꣬Ȱ°˰ɣ˵ɾ͸ɣȥķЩծͨ籨ţͬʱñ˸Ͻ˵һȥ
ԼҲǸͨ籨ŵߣķЩɷӺžӤϸĽʵľȥ
ŽؼҾͿˣߵϻ˿ջһžͿСŹĹĵĶֹסĴá
˰ɣǸȥسˣ
һҲൢ飬ƫƫһƵģôණǳŵ·߲ˣҲö˵ʲô
ⶫʰˣ㻹û¥ͷɻص˷䣬ȴڴϣЩʹ֮ɫ
һԸĦӣſڱϳԻ˶ӣ˵ۣҹǲܺһȥسˡ
ϣкʵӾôС£һҲ԰õģ
ǺðɣúϢһᾡġΪ֪ҽܺã֪С˵϶СһҲûкܵġ
Ӵ󳵣˵ҲмٽҩĸȥسǣĻ̫࣬ߵҲǺܿ죬һͷôණ
ֻ˶˨ƥʹߵҲǺܿأٶƿ϶ڲŻˡ
ڿջűé˵Ҳûʲôˣһ˵ɲٴȥԣСЩʳ
.

İһʮ£ͷĺ

籦ֻˣڴ߾ͱȽ֣ǸסĺӣӲ˾Ҫȥ棡
Ҳû£ȥˣ⼸ϰʮڣϸǱղ֪Ҫֶ٣ӣ͹ҺõЩˡ
ÿѽڣôٵЩ˽أ⻹ǴһӳƣɧĪˣúõ۲
ɫֳһѺ컨ҶڴϻƣʵͲһʹľӶ࣡
ҲûÿȻǿ㣬ǹ˼ӣ˱ŸӵǸʱˡ
¿㲻㿪ֱ
ֱȺһ򿪣ΪǷ˵áЩûˣæʲôأΪѧõ·𣿡
»ãһһȥʱ༹Ƕеһ⡣
˵ʲôڨڨЦЦ˵Լڼҽ̺Ӷʶأѧôûʲô£ҵǱһ˳㿼ѧô
ָǴŵͤǴ˵Լڼҽ̺Ӷʶֵģʱ˾ǲš
һŮˣʶü֣ȥͤһҲûĵģôǰ棬˳Ц
౾϶Ӧû뵽һûԼźӾȥ
ϲе㲻Ըǰɿ֣ĸҾ
ò˵ԸܱĿԣ룡
۾һתҲûűϲС˶ͤȥֻǱ飬еȵġ
ӡбҲǰͷĺӣô£
Ÿӹ󻹸һĸŮ˾ɻ󣬷׷ѯʲôˣ
ǰǽһϵĳãԼְӽԼʶ֣ĸλصɡ
һŮˣĶܱӻ
˶һɵ̬ȣһЦһֽݵС
ұţۿһ²֪ˣֽдǺ֣ζ
ͷһֽдĸʻΪӵּ֣ɷģλ鷨ѵдġ
ֻ̧ͷ´飬ɻʱȴС˶Ƶ⸱ֿǱģ
Ȼøģ˭ģ఺ͷͦأǽѹûע⵽ģ׷üͷ
ƽӽǽ佾꣬ȻûȴҲûվ˵ʲô
.

İһʮ£һ

ǶһɵӣԸСˣƾһźֵ˽ӵΣ˭ǣ
ֻŶһ˵ǵֶ׾ˣûôһֺ鷨ˣѧĸдɷأ
Ȼź࣬Ǳǰ˲⸱дġ
ɫͻȻеѿ⸱ֵȻдģ˽鷨õķ͸ģֻǾдͦڵģ
һ˸ϲ˭֪ˢӣҲûΧ
ֻǿװ򶨵аСӻͦ͵ģ⸱ֿ˽ķҵģȻϵ֣ǸɴҰתˣ
ǵã̵ӲãͦϲģټϼȻǷ͸ģҾе˵ȥˣ
ԹԵİͦõֽ˫ֵݸ࣬СС;Ͳ̰ͨӵҲԱ߿ۡ
ǵСǴ򲻳ˣʼĥôĸˣټȥ˵ĿܾԼˣ
ԭ澡ʧȴԼǰһ
ףǱеأȥƽﶼǿ飬²µյҲȤ
ԼܷܵͷҲˣϲ뿪ͤȻûģ˴кźӾˡ
ǰл룬Ǵ·ҲǸոǶԱ˵ȫʧ˷ȣ
߳ͤһξ󣬱֣ͷףҸոհǲǸһ
ʱЦ˿󱦶С
СģĵȷеǰˣԴ˻ҪǫЩģ
ҶġһЦ¶һСЩˣЦȥ
һʱ䣬㶼źǳԺ֣ȵ찵ʱ۵Ķ˯ˣȷʵҲǺþûôúˣ
ҲˣǲȥģӱϾ˯ˣҲѽȻ߻ȥϢ
춼ҲûЩˣСҪ˵Եӡ
۳Ŷҹˣ۾¥жųȥһȷʵˣûͬСӣ
˲ϳԾ͸˻С˵˵Եĵ¥Ϸ䣬Щƣվ¥ϵ㻹ǳǡ
.

İһʮ£ر

ֻȴýе֣ĶҲ˵
ʵôŻ˻شˣ
ͻȥˣһ֮ڰѵ̷¶˲Żôģȸ㣬ȥسǿӣ⻹ʣµӣ
ԼڻеҪƷȫУȻһ˯ĺӣû֮ԲϢ
ûɶÿģȷû֮鿴ʣµӻж٣ʣʮȥسĻЩرࡣ
ҲǿסҪ¾ñϲȥѧã֮˵
ȥһسǣ͹ֵֹģ㿴Էˣ׷ŵҲϸʵģƺлҪ˵ǲ֪Ϊʲôֲ
Ȼ˵ֻʵôˣôõķ˳ԵĸһǲǷʲôˣ
һµģǡе㲻֪ô˵
ɴ෹Ҳˣһţ۾ô㣬бɻ
ҽسĸף
˵ĵһ䣬ûʲôʵϾ£ڹĻɣسǿʲôӪģ
ֻ˵ǲسҵķˣ˸ţʲôҲ
⻰ûһ֮һﵽǲܿԼȥż°Ȼҡһʲôˡ
ŵ㲻ȷʵȷ˼ܿ
񻹼ǵö÷뿪ʱģжǱ˾ôµĴݲУ毺õҲòȥˣǸͼʲô
ȷʵǡɷ򣬿ʼҲ̫ţǸҽҲˣȻòϲһǸǿƵˣ֪ܲĸ׺֮ǰߵʱر𣡡
һ͵ģΪԼĸټˣԼҸףֽСְʾο
˰ԹԵĵͷûܵ˵Ҫ˵ߵʱرŵģϾ˿װ
ǵģǻȥسǿĸ˵ȥسǼóʱûˣҲ㣡
룬˵ȥʵˣȥҲУԺ
.

İһʮ£ҹ

⻰ǲԸȥ÷ģ룬ȥ˸ʲôˣҪԺͲʲôˡ
ҲԼиɣô帣ˣֻϧһԤĲ̫һΪ÷ܶģ
ҪʵڲҲǿ÷˳ȥԼ·ɡ
ȥһ˰ɣ˾ȥϢ
ۼɫҲˣİڷʳﻹʣһ൫Ѿٳˣ
״˵ôһ㣬Ա𣿻ʣôأٳԵɡ
ȴҡҡͷҲꡣ
ˣȥ˯Һ˵˿ǵˣȥسǰ̫࣬·һһߵģµϡﻩ
ı鿴ȥʮֵΣǸʱڿ˵ˡ
Ҳû˵ʲôϣܳ԰ɣҲû˵ʲôϨˡ
ڶ峿㽫ʰĸɾƯȥسǵĻڿջҲ̫ģԴһȥɣϾԺҪȥģ
ȥϤһµطҲãҲôոµѣ͵Լ·÷ٳˡ
سǾЩԶҲҪһʱܵҲ˵ǵسǾͲൽˣȥѧÿ
еĻȰѺӵÑˣس飬ϻҪϻôһôҲҪϽأҪȻֵ˲ܵϡ
ǲ̫Ըϻģҹ·ЩΣգسʵǲ̫ģż˵ҪǿһרŴҹ·ˣ
ԼҲνˣ⻹أҪСЩ
֪Ҫȥسһ죬Եú˷ܵģǴδȥĵطǰȥ϶룬سҲȥˡ
ʰ֮һĿ뿪ӣǰسǵ·ϱϲһֱſڳ߿;ķ羰ҲһգգĿ·ߡ
˵ˣȥԶ·Ҳȥɣȥسǵ·Ҳһ㲻֪أ
һ·㻹еµĸоֻɷСţȻһ̵ĵ̲֮סˡ
æͣ£ԴδйȻҲûԶ٣³Ĵ໹θˮ
.

İһʮ£

ıеû°ɣҪҪ
ڰ֣Ӳǲ˵Ъһ߰ɣЩܣЩ
ͷĴƲͣĸĺ󱳣ȵоЩ¸سǶȥֻǽٶһЩ
һĿڵسǵʱѾ쵽ʱˣ㱾Ϣϲسǵֲ⿴ȥ
ֻѾ˳ſڣʱŴ󿪣ϵаս߳ȥ߻йٱأעĻվڳſεĸˡ
绪Ůˣ²Ķ÷ǰЩӻɿëڵ㷢Ҳںڣ˿˺üӡ
ϲ̲ס̾˺ö࣬˶һˣ
˵ĲһӦָ÷ɫʲôģעȫվǸϡ
˼ֱǿ׳˺ö࣬һŷЦĻ࣬ҲǸȱǮģԼߵѾע
ڳſͣ£ӳʵ˵ں踣¥ôվڳſš
˵ƳһۣѾСԼһӦȫҲĻȥ⣡
ֻԼʮЩεû취ڼסһҪǡ
̸Ҳǣ÷ȴûżƵߵǰ
ӹԹԵĽţĶ÷ۿ΢ʪæӦһȥ㣬ҲЩۣ
ðɣô֮ǰأ
㲻ɫĶ㿪÷Լ֣ЦⲻǼ¶࣬æĹ˲ϺúóԷ
⻰ûѣ֮ǰڵæʱصɵһҲ붯ֲܶһԣݡ
ʱһԵҲڵҲɵĵطúǸŻظٺúɣ
ӣǻȥ˵
÷Ҳӣ־Ҫȥҵ¹濴ÿӣ
÷ߵͬʱЩ֪Ľ˵ϲһɣ㡣
ڳԺסˣ÷Ҳˣһʱ֮Ȼ֡
.

İٶʮ£ýƸ

ôжʱûˣûжĸԣôıߣ
ڿһʱ÷ɫЩȻʲôû˵Ȼ²ǲһġ
㲻ɫЦЦȲ׽ҲرԶĺͶ÷һûһ
ĵһ仰÷ʵ㣬֮ûоȥ鷳ɣ
ҲǰȥҼˣҰһҲϲߣʵû취ֻóȥҿջס˵Ǹô£
ʱղҲŸ߶÷ֻͷûмŻشԼ⣬ձˡ
ձҲ֪Ķ죬ҲǺþûˣ¶÷ʣ治֪÷ҲֻգҪ˵
ôĶӣôôţ治֪˵ʲôǺˣ
Һ򡭡ҲԵɣʱҸ㱻ײҪЩӵġ
Ҿ֮ûҪֲͣˣȻ͵˽һͦõģ
Щʱ÷һСƵģҸ֮ɫ֮˵ĸоڹͦãҲû˵ʲô
˵ҵʱղˣѾʮֲˡ
Ҳûļͥ齲÷˳㿴ǸʲôӦ
ֻܰ޿Ůûаѹ֮ɫ˵Ŷ˵Ҳߵزǿ϶ģҲȡģֲñˡ
ʲôգ˵ҪǮˣһߣǷ¶ծʲôģҲ˰ɣ˵ʲô㶼ҪԼӣ
ͷԼûӲһЩ
÷ҲµɷЩͨͨˣİҵ
˵÷Ҳ㲻С檣ƵˣĵһȥˣֻΪµĶӣ÷ټ޸ңҲ㲻ϲʡ
Ҫ˵ǮɸƯС檶ȥû뵽ȴȢ˶÷Ҳò˴۾ˣ
뷨϶÷˲̰ǮƣԲԸȢУʵҲýƸȢϾҲСˡ
.

İٶʮһ£Ŀ

÷سǸǾĿ׵ģô˸ȻϹ˺Լ֪Ϊ͵Ȣң
ֻǰţ˵÷ҲϣǸһֱɡ
÷жµֵнĺӹö㰡һֱ˵ҳҿڻǸطԿۣȻĴˣ
ǿЦЦö÷ʱûټһΣǰԭ˵ʱô˵ء
֮ʵûٺøУƾӸһЩˣ
˵ԼڰʰҲǴ˼ҵС㹫ӲȥˣǹɶµӲҲͦϲġ
񻹶ʲôƫǸŻ˵ƫƫ÷Ǹزסµģϲŭȫдţ
÷֪жԶԾ٩٩̸ͷİɣǰûãӣˣ϶ίȥ
ˣԼúõľС
˴˼ҵķˣ˵ǸǰһˣҲ֪Ҫʲôϣ÷һ㡣
ӵеĻǸģҪǸ˲ʲôˣԼ̫ˣ϶İɣ
ңвûûţȫͨԼŬãϾɲձķˡ
̸ôͻȻͣСƿȻ㿴Сֱӷǰã
÷ôŮǣ֣ű˵ıС˱ϵĽӡ㲻ȥüͷ΢Լ
Ȼһһ汧һԶ÷˵õѾڿ϶ˤǾˣ
ǻ˼˵Ҫ㲻Ҫ̫Ƿˣû̧ͷԼǰĴլӣſŵš
ֶýдȥģЩҲֻһۣȥʱ·ȥҲûС
ܳլӾûʲôˣҲİں治ţ͵һټĸۡ
.

İٶʮ£ʲô

õˣҲö˰ɣﷹ˶ѱãϢǾͳ緹ɡ
ǰ͸߼ĳӶЩˣпҪ˵һж׼͵дأ
ûпԼҶӵһԵĹܼʵأô
ܼҵͷ͵Ĳٵͣͦģʵصү˵ҪҪȥһ£ܿʱҲϻˣ
ǳˣҲܲסˡҲû˵ܼʲô㴹һ²ˮĪһ֡
ôֱӽأ
Ƭ̣ķҲһһ˿̵Ķ÷һλĸϵвˣһĹﷹ˱ѳСɽˡ
һֱһûһţĵĺȤûĵӣ
÷вˣԲôּиϲǸоʲôһһֱЩӣҲҼ̫֡
Ҫ֪ЩóԵˣǰô࣬ҲûԼڡ
ϯע⵽մްĺӣȻ֪Ǵɽģǰ֪˵ĻӽԷľֹΪ˭ҵСӺСǧأ
͵ĺӣӶ¶ˣԷǰģʲôԼУȫŮźţ㲻϶ϲҲҪһ
ϣϻǻˣǶ˰
ԷʱһӵͻȻֻſڽһɫ۵Ÿ̴ľ˽
֮ƮƮϧʵ㲻ϳڣĻЩƮݵĸо
㣬Ƿ΢΢ףǴкˣܵҸǽһ£Ҷ󡣡
תͷֶ÷̵ŮˣʲôȥˣʱŻ
ˣⲻ֪÷ҪԼŮҸ׼һˣμֿܲտյİɣ
˵Լе̴ľȥûнӣЦ⻰˵ĵЩ˼ˣʱִ٣ǻûʲô͸أ
.

İٶʮ£ȥس

üͷһںҿûҴ󣬰˵ýһţұִͼ㣬ҪǺӿɾˡ
Ǿлˣǲ뿴ףԼһҲˣ
ϣ򻹲ԼӽȻô£ҲͦõģԷȫǶ÷ڸ㽲Ҹ˵Ǻܰ
ûʲôҪɣǸúдһٷʱ򣬱˵ﶼȥˣ
Ȼʲô˵㻹ǿҲеסˣϲǸ֮֮ӣеķԼĸ͵ܵƺ⡣
˼ϲڳˣס˵ףǻȥѧúȥʱ䲻Ŷ
Ҳ˳£һɫվһֱŵǰʱˣĸףҪǾȹȥˡ
Ҫ߰سˣҲһʱҪסɣ
÷һϲĿк޵֮ɫֻЦЦͲסˣҲҪسǶӵģĸ˵һüһʱġ
סҪˣ÷ûоպûʲôģƫƫһ⣬ҸҲǾȤˣ
ⲻ㻰Ȱ˵ǰֲԺ󶼼ˣǰѸðİãԺŮŮֱȥˡ
ǺðɣǻͷټȻ򶼿ˣ÷Ҳ˵ʲôϲû˳ģ
ҲǶ࿴˶÷һۣȻ˵ˣӻûı䣬˵ʲôʲôԺ󰡣ҲԿʱ
ҸӵĻ£ǰԼӣһӾˢˢ˿ЩЦ
ֱߵ̴ľӣ򿪿ֻһԴεʺܺãϧˣ㲻⣡
һ쵽ҲһҪɵʲô֮㲻ţЩϵĻЩ鷳ҿеۡ
ͷһŰɣλ˸ҲһֱϣҪ̫ŪôͷˤҲã
.

İٶʮ£֮

һ΢ĵ֮ͣϲȲĴһ۱㿴˹ŵǼСӡ
ʵҲ㲻СˣҪǺһȾеѷɫ˵СݹܣλûǺܺõģĵĻҲ٣
ģĵĺͰӲ˵ѹģҲջһʳ͵ģԺҩҲȥұˡ
űͺãóԿףӵúӺϱȥҲʰĸɸɾûеط˯
ԺǼҵã
Լӱˣ㶼⣬ܵ˵سҲи֮ˣǰ
ǨĻеѣΪֲҩĵĵضڴǱߣпյĻסһʱҲǿԵģҪϲܹȥѧˣ
һĿڽǰǰ˸֮ҪźȥسѧÿҪоȽ飬ʱµ
źȥѧãߺúϢҲûʲôߺ㲢ûʵʵϢ
ȥ̽һЩΧ̵ò֪ԼӵʱͲԼˣҲǣԺԼǵľˡ
ǸùϵǲܵˣһЩ˽ʱѹû
δʱһʱǿıĺӻˣǿĵȥѧõ»ûʲôˣ
һ⣬Щء
Ȼߵ˵ͺȥѧõ³ˣǰ̺ӵķӶʮкøУ
ҲϲҲһѧأ׼һºӵÑһǱǱסˡ
̫ˣܿϲȥѧˣҲǸ˵ЦССĵſĵա
ÑǹˣȻǽĶסһˣӵ㵹ţʵ㲻϶࣬ͷٸ
ǽҪسŰɣϾ캢ǾҪȥѧýÑͦ鷳ģڻ̫ٸ·ȥ
Ǹʵڲ̫㲻ôܣҲ֪ܲĵҲ͵ͷͬˣһĿҪһ䣬ǮҲ󲻵ȥ
.

İٶʮ£ܴȥ

᲻Ǯӵסһ䣬Ҫǳ⺢ӻСҪչˣҹȥéʲôģǱÿζȥģ
һźȥ·ǹغҸջǻ
ڶ峿ϲĸɾ룬ҽϲͷԼͷɢģǰǸģ
ͻȻһߣ㻹ͦĵģϾôԼҲǺиġ
ϲԵͦ£Ĳ˵׷İɣԺϲܵᷢģҲûģõأ
˵ܵͷˣ·һϴϲҲûκԹԵģһŮȥѧþѾָˣһ㶼ûϵ
ûлشϲĻֻתͷ򱦶ûôãҲñý㰡ĪҪ۸ȥ
İףҿ϶᲻κ۸ġĵģںڵ۾תĵ֮ˡ
ܺƽСǾͺúýɲҪ͸˴ʲôģ÷ˣͲѧôˣ
Ǳ۸ǣҲܴȥ𣿡ЩĿ㡣
صܰǽͲҪˣаһҪռһν֪߱𣿡
ûϳѧã㻹е㵣ӻ᲻۸˵ǲģû֪顣
һЩ֮ϲ׼ŽǰѧãһҪŵģ
ѧãܸ̾ܵķӺСϵЩӾ޴Ĳ𣬽ÑͷϣŴ·ȥסĵط
ɫĽŵǸһֲĸоûУֲһ·ǿ٣Ҳɨĺܸɾ߹ֻƬݻƵҶ
סĵط۲һ¾סҲͦģһĻĸסһ䣬ִѧסࡣ
ҪסķѾкˣ֪һѱĴ̶ʰˣôҲǷˣ
С뱦Ҳû꣬˾ڱòǻĿϲֵϲķʱ㵹е㵣ϲˡ
.

İٶʮ£Ҷ

ѧûרŹŮѧסĵطϲͱʱһСѾǰʰĺܸɾλЩƫԶ
Ҳ뷨λ˷İɣڷǸշסտСһЩġ
˼ȫҶˣҲһЦȻϲҲչŵ㣬Ҳûʲôɵĵˡ
㻹Űẕ́ʲôģһ˼ȫŪˣҲʡ£úúҲÑ׼ؼˣ
˳Ҳϲסĵطȷסĵطû֮ҲҪȥˡ
صջ㻹ͦӦڵİģæͺˣȥѧˣسˣдĵأҲֵҩġ
֮ҩĻȱسҲɹģͨͳ˸⣡
ҪƥɣسǺʹҲһЩպڴֲҩģسǾ벻ˡ
˼ȥֻܽôһ취Щôټһӵգ϶Ѳģ
ȴе㲻⣬Ҳ֪ûİ취ͷӦ
аɣسһЩ
Ͼ壬Բˣֻسæţ
ô֮ûͷѡӣ̾ܿˣ⿪ҲǸҪ£ȻҪú׼á
ʰһ¶Ҳûؼҿˣ϶Ѿ˰ɣ
еָȻʵؼҲûʲôʰģѻɸֻϲģԵЩ˶ѡ
Ҳûƥؼңش壬Ƿصʱ缢ƿʵеôһ˿˿Ŀ£
ֻЩƽﲻôͻȻĸ飬˵ͳȥôʱ·һж˷츲صı仯һ㡣
ΨһûĻԹĿ⣬ܸоһֱں޺޵ĶԼЩĴǸ㲻ʲôˣ
˵ЩݸŶҩس˲Ӱ
ҿ˵سǶ¸ˣ׼سⰡ
˵Щ֪ЩΪɶͻȻôˣ֪Լ׬˴ǮҲѹվԶҪҪ˵Ŀ⿴Լˡ
.

İٶʮ£ܸ

Ľʺ£
ɶҲ˵ˣǰʱǸԲס㣬óЦһӲݵģҸǸϣ㲻Ҫϡ
Ȼ󰡣ҼǸҲ֪ϸ׻ţҪβܲҸһҩİ
ңң
֮ǰʲôĻû˵Ҳҡ
ֻΧ˸ˮйͨҪһҩģΨվԶ޵
Ϊ궬͵ö˭֪ЩһȻôֵǮ֪ˣ͸ðѵЩҩĸһѻˣ
нʱ򣬿ϧ˵ɶˣҲֻһԼʩʳĳ
Լҽճɣһţճɻһӡ
Ƿ˼ңĻһ˲ٳŵģһôæĹ˵Ĳݸհ꣬Ǳֳˣ
ֳʲôģôһȥһͷôæĹճȻͲˣƫƫǸưһʲô˵
㶼ǲԱ֢ҪôɤëôҲټʲôԹԣڴȷǸĴڡ
ҪǷϣֶ񶾵Ůˣ㲻ҲֲúõŮϾͷˣ
ڶĿ㣬ҪϾҩֲܹüǮҲȫΪģоЩ֮ǰҲʵ㲻Ѻá
㲻ԸһֲҩԲҪһģԼᱻ
ȻȻЦȫӦԴ˵Ȼһǣǿ϶ǰҩֺãһϺӡ
ʱһĵ඼ûʳˣͷѵʰһӣǾͿʼҩģӺǮҪԼŶ¿ľͱˣ
᲻ᣬڿ϶ܿѽ
Ҫ˵ӴȣһЩС²ƽϣǴһذɣðѵһµȥϽó
һӦ̾͸ظ׼æµ˸ɾˡ
վԶǽһۿҲܹϺˣôĸʣ
.

İٶʮ£˻

Ƕû࿴һۣ罺Ļ˼УһĻǰѵɵ۾Ϲˡ
ߵſڣóԿװ򿪣սݱʵôӦôˣҲһҩأǰ
ǰ¹ȥľȥɣҲʵȥǰЩ鷳£һģǰæˣҪǲһҲʵ˵ȥ
οⷢ¸ܴȺһõģ˵㲻Ǿ˵ĸǸӣӶֱӽ׬Ǯķ
ͷҰֲҩĵķ̸ǣ׬ӻؼҾͿԼıˣȵﶼˣǲŽĸ㰡
˵Щ̲ס̾˿ˣֻǱ춼Ū࣬ϴ϶ǲ˯ȥģ
Ҳû˵ʲôȥͰѱ˳ȥ׼ŪЩˮϴɾطҲڵرңֻȥʰ
æԼͷĻ˵ˣ˲ܹ㣬ʰԾͰһˡ
Ҫһֲҩ»ʾ֧֪ϲس飬˸»ûҰʱҲǸˣ
òŮ˵ЦȻô˵òŵͦĿģ͵ɲɵһ
Լ˵пҲ׽ɣ㿴Ǹţǰô֣ھҲģҿпҪȡڴĵλ
һͷ粻мĺһΪŵķ˸ۣھƯҲǸŸʳĺӣ
ҿҪ޽ԬҶӵģͷٸǸŮ׽ܸʲôö
˵ԬĵܲܳɰҪǼ޽ȥ˶̣Ǽҿɾͷ˰
ɼĴ֣ôôһĸоݰѾʼyyԼԺСˡ
ֻҧһʮּ˵İɣҲ޽ȥġ
ҲҪԬǮ˼ңֻԬҶЩ䵭ˣԼŸԼ˼ҳ˼Ҷ
⵹ЩͷۣһһʱˣԬûʸˣָôԬԼȤأ
.

İٶʮ£

Ҫ˵ǻҲǸߣӦһֲҩ֮ƼһȺ˿ũȥء
Ҳ˼ָñæµѰ˼⼸Ͱسûõ龡㶨ҪȻæûʲôʱˣ
ɵǲıϣ˵ڶȥسǣİӵһʳģ׼⼸ͿӪҵ
سǱȲϣԼҪ۶һڵϢȴ÷Ůˣ
ĸףôˣЩԶʣֻ÷һⲢӻص˵⼸ͿˣԹʲôҪæûУ
ҲûʲôҪæˣ׼Ķ׼ˡָָЩ÷ȴüͷ̫ˡ
ҲûţݲȵĸԼĸ˱ˮǲ֪ΪʲôĸǶԼͣее㲻ڣ
ҲýĶ÷е֣Ȼ֪֣ǡġİס˶÷̽Ŀ⡣
նŵļŮˣ˵ȥĶˣԭǶ㵽سˣӻûȻҸļޡ
ſ˵Щʲôȴſڴһŭȣֻ÷ſڵĿ͵һ䣬ɫɷɷ׵ˣ
վſڵĲӶ˭Ҳǲ֪Ȼҵ֪˭Լ̵λá
ֻ÷Ҳ˲ʲôׯˣܾһ㵽Ů󣬹ڶ޲Ҹطȥɣ
Լӵֵ֣Ĺ÷ȴǿ׳ֻȭŮס
Ҳǲ֪ǺãҪԼҵ֣ŪΰʵҲˣҪǰӶ˿ô죡
ǰϳȥſڽĻ÷ȫˣһСﶼ֪ҵ·ǰǸʲôˡ
ȥŹ˼ȥ㻹ǾѴŹҲ֪е뷨̧Űվձһ˹
ҪȴԼĸ׾ͲڲԶǽǿߵź֪˶˼ǽ棡
üͷݺⲻҲ֪ӶģҲȥʱһѽŸˡ
.

İʮ£ӳ

Ҳ¶÷˶ڣֲʲôùӳԣ÷ǰǸģأ̧ȴ˶ס
ձҲ֪Լô˵Ķ֣һŮڰο÷ηģ֪ǳΪһӵӰˣ
ֻο÷ŮͻȻƸ㣬ȻԼתͷһŮȳţȥүһҪչ˺÷˵İȫ
һŮЩĬԣֻǳĬĵͷŮûκ֮ɫɴ˿ɼӶ첻ʲô̫в
ޣҪĵȻ˽м㿴Ҳ㣡
˻ߵĽţŵĴʻ³÷״̬ʵ⣬ֻôȥĽ
һĹڳֿɤ
Ҫļ򣬱˲ҪЬҲҪؼң㲻֪÷ǸŮѾҡ
˵ĻʱͻȻһͻȻû㶪¶÷ڳԼȥ뿴һ£Ǳ˴˰ɣ
ֻŸһʹ֮ɫĵڵϣձԱ߿ŶָԼһȭҲҿʹ
˼ҳ׳˶ձǸӲģټʱ䷹ûúóԣ˸˼ҵĶ֡
ɫȻǶŭ㲻ɵĬûʲôӹˣ
ˣ˸ӳ⣬Ҳ̤سһ
ŭָʹԼļҶŶ⣬ձûôӶǸոЩĴʻ㡣
ڳĶ÷Ҳܳͱĸ첲֣һ˿У
ʶƿ÷ģκŮıᶼ䵽ԼϣɾЩܲˡ

ձһǰѶ÷Ǹ˻һԼǱĶӣ뿿ȴֲҵö÷еһܡ
÷ǹȥһѱסձûпձһĵó֮ɫȴԼ۵ף
ҿˡ㲻֪жѹҵǷ˶ծǾңҲֻܵء
.

İʮһ£Ҫ

仰ö÷ٶȴֻЦձĲƳһԹ۲Ϊѡʲôܲʡ
÷ɫֹԼһؼңԸ⣬Ͼձֲģ
Ǽձһ˺ۣծ˴ģ÷ֲٷߣһ˴ٴһô죬Լϵ⣬÷᲻á
˻ؼҰɣܾˣͷô㰲ҩԣ
ͷϵͻͻͷҲʹ֪÷ǰɷôһʵͷۡ
ߵĶѾöȥ϶Ҫˣһ뵽ȻΪ˲෹̸ʣʱԶ÷ûʲôøˣ
үձһȥ㼸죬ҪȻЩҪծĻġ
÷ܹȥֱ۰ձֻҪװ͹ˣδӦ˶÷Ըȥ
һ־ôţձļ룬϶ϣܹסձɡ
һȺߵʱǽǿһۣѾˣͷúúúԼǸĸ̸һ̸ˡ
ôĸҲͷеʹʵ˾ôձȥǸ硭һ֪Ŀĵģ
İɣҲԲɶ˵ˣȥð㣬ҪȻ˭Ҳסġ
ͻȻ룬֪ԼĶΪ˹ϺӣԼνļˣ᲻ֱ
ţǻصɣ¸ֵģҸϽѶʰһ£ͷǾҪˡ
ǣص£ԼԹæµߴӰͻȻʶֻҪһԼøʲôػ
Ҳвģոն÷һҲûжӰ죬˿ڲˮҲһʰĵ˿Եøг
·ոǳ־ξһ㣬ʱسǵĽֵϹ䣬Ҳȥˣȵ̿ٻش
سǵĽֱֶˣֵԵС̯ĶĿģͻȻԼû͹һء
ͻȻеʧܣ˼һ˶һԼȴû͹ʲôЩһֱΪæµҲȥЩ
.

İʮ£

ձɲˣȥקȴûôߣֻöݺ˵ǴʲôŸҴ򿪣㣡
пĥˣʲôϲأ
ӾˣʹǱҲŰ£˼ȥҲ֪Ҫ͵ʲôҲûʲôصͳ֡
֪еգûע⵽ʲôСҲ̫ʹôҲһ㲻¶
ҶˣȥԵ㶫ɣ
ǰӵ̯ӣζһƮĶӾ͹ˣ԰Ȼȥ
ֻŰӳԵĲֺʱͻȻʵǲίˣ
ȿȣ
仰㱻ҭһ£һ˵ίûôãǸտʼһʱ䣬Ҫ
ӶôӹãǮĹڲѾкõĿ뱦ȥѧ˰ôͻȻ뵽
ŮˣԼͦõģԼʵҲرˣʲôͳʲôżԼҪҪ·֮Ƚİɡ
ûоͺã
Ҳû˵ʲôͷͳ԰ӣ·˵ûоί֮гԷʳˣԼеίԼԿˡ
˼Ҷɷ׬ǮֻҪڼҴ˵ڵĶ÷źţʲôʱ÷һĴˣ
֪뷨϶סͲŵˣûкģֲȥæĻ
廨ʲôҲϲĲˣµϲţϲæµһĺܳʵ
˰ͻȻ̾ѽһеϲǣӱǺܰԵģҪǴһЩȥǣ
ɫǱҲӵģ϶ܳϾͶˣѧҲǿӵĵطȫõġ
Ҳˣæһ˰ɣҸջЪȥɣ
ðɡ
ʵ㻹û湻ҹسҲһأҲǶϤ뷨һ§ļԺеǻسǣȻͷæˣ浽㡣
§ԽԽ˳˹
΢һ£֪ԼԽһˡ
.

İʮ£·߲

֪˸飬˵ûӾߣѾȥˡ
Լӣܻһˣ㿴ôˣһ˭ײô죡
Ĳ˸ڣôһֱȴֲ˵֪ҪԼˡ
аɣеҲ̫ϲô˹ģ·߲ˣ
ⲻй֮˲Žй
һľ㻰еĴʣɷôӵĻӦýжмӡ
˾ôǰסĿջԡǵͷ˯ĵΪǺñҹٹһ£¶Ⱦͻܿ콵ģ
ǵǸģȣԼҲʹˡ
ڶ峿۱㷢ԼţҲ˼ǲ˯㣬ӳ˵Ļ
ѹҲɷµôѽÿ˯Ѳ඼Ǳѵģܲܲô
糿ЩһصˡůһЩοϱұŲ𣿱˼Ҷġ
һ⻰Ǹû˼ҷôദģ
ЩյĴӴֱӱ˼ҷҹһô˯ġ
ԼԼҪȥЩҲԼȥϴȥˡ
¶һ˿Цǻ治֪ԼҲ˼ҷ֮ôദİɣˣʵ𴲸ɻ
Ҳûʲô£ǰѵװһ£ſǼϲ£һЩɣʽŵĻʲôˡ
һϣ·˶֪ĵ̱˽֣׼ٶˣװε̵ʱ˹ʲôģ
˵ĺͰӵʱǶҡҡͷȻˣԼֶӳʳĵطеɵɡ
ȷֵĽֵ˿϶õģģԼĵĸ˫
һ˺һģһģƾǾͿˣŵһÿԳһµĻ
һóԵĻȻģĵĿһ㲻٣ϾʱĥƷ⼸ûȥҲкö˵ŵİɡ
.

İʮ£Ի

ϵĻ۸΢һЩϾСϸ㣬ʹΧİӵļ۸񣬱һЩҲǵҪͣ
ζҲõĻ϶ᳬ˵ģҲôԼģˡ
˰ʳĶãѵǰǰ󶼴ɨ˸ɾ뿪һľͿˣбҪȥ죡
ȥҼλĵʦԽԽãȻЩһҪӣôҲΪԼãҲͲƽǮˡ
ûȥѧÿ˿ϲǺ«֮СԣӵҲ֪սʶѳԣ
ͦҲûʲôɵĵˣϲĹɶ¿ǻ˷ӺЩǵһº
ϲкһȣŮƺкҪỵ́Ƿǿǰ֪ˣԴԺϲѧõԽԽˣ
ʱһҲͻؿջˣ㵹ˣһ͵ɴľ˯ˡ
һֱ˯ɫ΢ˣûʱҲĵɣĵѾˣϺþ͸æµ
Լߵ̫࣬ʱĵǰĺò̶֣ϲϢЩעƮȥζ
һ磬ζĿ˸ˣǰͰѰӰããҪȻ˻æġ
Ⳣӵ˻϶üȥҲǲȰٶ٣˶켷ˣǰӵҲҪʱ䡣
Ҫ˵ЩҲһȺԻﲻ뿪ĿǰʽԺҲȥģ
֪ԼŮӽ쿪ţ÷Ҳһ͹ȴֵ涼ˣŮѾǼȥˡ
æ÷ǷԸԼߵŮȥæ֮ǰĽѵ󣬶÷ڳŶŮţ
ȥæ߻ĸԼڴģձ㿴αЦֻҪðˡ
㿴Ҳ˰æˣҲæֽ߲ȥҪǻȻذɣ
.

İʮ£Ҳ̫

ԴسǣձһҲвס뵽߿سʲôģûж÷ԸĻŶȥ
뵽ձֱҧȺҶѹû˿ŶУǸĻ˵ʲôǶ÷ĶӾĶӣ
Ǹôԣ˵ֻԽձԽ̹ʱܺȵСٱ˶Ǿˡ
Ȼζ÷ȴҡҡͷͷ֮ζҪ⿴һȥȥɣ
ձҲȥһͭҲûа⻹ʲô
òеĻᣬձԼĸ׵䣬һ΢̬ʵܸܲҵӰҲ̫࡭
¶÷ԼҪĶ˾͸Լߣʱɾ͵òʧˣֻҪңձͶ÷ùϵԺеá
ձСӴʹ˶÷ģҲ֮ǰձγԺζĵģԼеӶʹ
һӣձȻʹͷȻȲˣ÷Ҳû̫һֻȥȴôҲӰ
Լһʱ󣬵Щ÷ǽȥˣæһͷһߣԼѾȫȥæ
÷óЯΪöͷĺ飬ȴܾԸԼһö÷еһѹ
˵ף⺢ӻǸԼԶˣǻڹԼɣ
ô࣬ô˰µġ
ͷǵ㺹Ҳû̫⣬ԼﻹôˣȻæǸ˵ġ
ҾǹææĹⲻ֣ڣЪһɣ
÷Ӳ£ɾʮ㣬ء
ŵȴӵĳЦƣ⿪ŵһ˾ôˣԺ˵׬ӣվסˣ
ɵӣأˣҲ϶಻㣬Ҳ˵бˣԺúչˡ
÷㻹ЩεģرЩĻһŮӼҼҲٳֵģϸϸļӶ÷һᣡ
û⻰̫棬ֻЩõĻص˵Ļ㲻ô˵ء
.

İʮ£

аڷҶ뿿Լ˫鷳˵Ļõģ˭Ҷ׵ġ
⻰òѶ÷̫ˣ˼̫ԴĻ˻ģʱ÷òĺҪͷˣ
˿ϵľͼǮƣĶ÷ƣ˵ĿҲǺܴģǴΪ룬ֻӡɶʵ
⺢е㲻ϣ￴ҡҡͷ漴תͷǱߡ
ջӣ
÷ҲûصȻأ˭
ӡ˵㻨Ǯȥѧˣ
Ҳ㲻ϻʲôǮ
ںûĹӻʲôأٶһҪٶҪȻǻ˰
÷˺ܾãſڵɵӰײģûҪôãǳ˰ϲ㻹һ
вأ㿴ǰǸԹѸѱ˵ĺʲôˣ
ôҪͱ˱ȰӣúúöԴһҲԸǣҵְ͹ˣǳԺǲҵĺҲǡ
ҶǺãҲ˵ŰʲôģҶǺòΪͼʲôֻϣܺúûţһźӸԼգ
ﲻǸܵ͵ΪɻģĿĵģҲΪʲôԺǺãǺҲûɣ
⻰ǰѶ÷һһ㶵ģôҲ벻ͨǸʲô뷨ĶôɵˣĸԸֲر
ŮΪԼչ
÷˵ôһ仰ʲôҲĵǰȫǲԵġ
ҲôΪģѺԼ·Ҫߣβչ㣬Ϊգ㲻ΪֹȥԼ·
Ȼ֪÷˵ڶţ٣㻹ǺĽЩʱ۲ͬеܣ
ӲԼĹ⣬ΪԼյĹˣǸԸˣ˱˲鲻ԸչĻԸҪ
.

İʮ£

ʵıȽǿˣҲ÷˵¼仰֮¶÷һ˼˵Ļ
һ磬ûŹۿŵԷĵˣ˰Ӻ͵Ķ˵˶÷ǰ
ҹ͵ԵģⶼʱˣҲö˰ɣҺհɣ
ЩԴǣԼ˼ڲ˼˵ڣӲǸ߶÷͹ġ
÷Ĳɵҧһڣȴǳϵĺóԣⲻ࿴СӣҪ˵òǼõġ
ûʲô°صĴ˾ȻֵطΪ
÷ֳ˳˹ĵģԽԽޣȴ֪ԼŮôЩϡĵҲѹôõĵضⲻⱾˡ
ԭ˼汾µģ÷֪ԼСԼŮգĶǳԲϷģ
㿴ͷ󺹵ʵæǾ˰æɣﻹвңʱǲܰˣ
ǿص㲻õңԼæĹģĺˡ
뵱æʱһҹûۣǰѶ˵㲻ʲôˣοڵӣ紵ܲġ
ʵͦˣϻеȥΪ˲ģǼôæҲʱȲˡ
۲һȻæӣһɵģҲͦ˷ĵģֻԼôæֿģ
ôţȴͲ˹æ֮ȥ⣿Ҫ֪ĸ˱ȣʤϡˡ
ҪǳֵڶֵĵˣԼҵǵüһ룬ĬĬĲ²ţ
Ҫѡôˣ㿴̲ҲлưæǲҲû͵ѧʲô֮Լȥɰ
˾ôæµĳ÷ļŮֻŵͷ£һ仰˵
һֱҹŻָ۹Ǻ࣬˻صջǵͷ˯
ڶҲûشŴصٶûô죬죬żȥ
ʱ֣ڳջӵģǸװİӣʵеСݲö³ԣһǶǴؼҵġ
.

İʮ£ק

һλˣԶıƼŤ˹㶼װûǾôһĹܵԼƤӵˣ
ɩǿҰ࣬ҪǿҶȷǵ̵׿ˡ
ƹ㣬ԹԵ߽̾ͶģôõĵµͲɵһۺ죬ǲۣôõĵطôͱȥˣ
Ӳ磬üͷ΢壬ſڱʵôˣôҵģʲô𣿡
ԼǰĿģһӲЦģһﶼѵظʰˣ͵ȥҩء
ȻҲҹ˳һҲ˵Ҷһ˿϶ææ
ЦһæǼ٣͵ѧİɣ浱СôúŪеӵ˾ܿĿġ
Ȳ˵ʲôߵ˵ˣ˵ǴضʰˣһȥҩأҪڵ̰æҪ𣿡
ҲûصãԼæĹϸƤôУƽʱԼôˣ
ҲɵӣȻ֪˵Ŀģ϶ڱָʹģҪƽʱôԲԼ
˵ǰûʱȥа˳ɼȷسģҲͷ۰֪ôͣһ㣡
ʵ̫ѲˣһֱŻͣθرĶôӸ
Ҳûע⵽ڳ˼ʲôת˵Ҳˣ粻˰æأȻż˵Ļ͸ȥɡ
ͷкҲǷԸߣˣǳԶʱһҪ˰æȻسסɣ
ϧһ˱ԣʵڲԻǮˣԲģֻǰַֹæġ
ߵ統ȻߣһҪسǵģԬҲڴ˴ȥٽ飬˴سǾͲˡ
ﻹһҪĵѧôҲ⣬κ־̫Ķֻ֣ܱקߣ
.

İʮ£Ѻ

شϣƳһ磬ôˣǲԼǱߡ
һʱԼȶģصû£⻹ûüЪһ̾дΧʶ
޷ֻ⣬ʰʲôҩģʲôĶȥǰҪҩдֽϣô峤ȥ
Ĵǲʶֵģһ˿ʲôľͲˣԻô峤ȥãҩ´峤Ҳ֧֣ͦԺϵĽϼСȥˡ
ҲûлؼңŴ󲿶ȥ￴˿ȷûʲô֮ŵԻؼЪһ
˵ˮûкӺ⣬㻹˵ʲôҲûʲôʳֻܵһЩ
ԺڣԷʲôľԼˣ֪ǸһҲ̫Լġ
Ǹ类Ӳ˻Ҳһֱϱгһʲô¶ҪŸɣ
ûĵ̺пܾģԽԽڰͲûЩӸôŮˡ
Ը⣬ͰҪ۸ͷϣҲͦյģǰôҲ᲻˳ˣ
ô찡ȥ̰æҶҲ˵Լеġ
ҲسǾסأǿسǱС֪Ҫöٱȥһسǣʶķ֮ôĸԸСɽ
͵ôˣͰĴ죬ٺ˵ȥæ
ﰲοһԼŮԼҲ˵ȥæĻԼҲˡ
ݺݵţȴ˵ԺͲˣϾ˼س˵̣ߵС
⼸ûע⵽ҰѾþûˣ֪ǰسǻôˡ
Ķעôһᣬ淢Ѿüûϲˡ
Ҳôȥ룬ſڱֱŮ˸˰ɣϾ¸ҪöأЩҩ׬ô𣿡
ܰɣҶѺӸˣ
.

İʮ£

籣һɵ̬ȣȴЦһ¶һ磿ڿǱԵˣҪȻһٶң
⻰Ҳٶ˵ʲôȻ粻ϲ㣬ǵóб£ܰԼǶ綼סԼҲı¾ͺˡ
벻װͬŮˣôû취˶Լôأ
ƳһԼòڴǶһģ磬Ҳ֪ʲôöһһƯ
ֻܿŸۺ죬ΪôڣκôãһȥҲƽôʲôʱô΢ĸ׽
һ߰죬㶼һߵغͼ֮䣬ʱæٷԲϣҩҪעҲǺޱĽڸ
ѧòϿΣϲҲǻˣһӵģĸǶڿ㣬һ߰Ѻӽ̵Ĺɶ£
һ߻ܰ׬ӣüϺӣЩò˶ĽѾӽ＾ĩȴǻæµڵ
ֻһڼԺ֣ջ˼ҲϢȥæۿԽԽзȣֺ㿴źǶҲòۡ
ҪĻĽиôֺܸÿϱ˵ţҲܸɣûĺòһһ׳ʵװǸ˾ûˣ
һ̫ѾɽͷˣҲ֪ڵԽԽˣ첻öþͻ١
Ժ͵㽫סҲҪ˵ûţԼļС
аǻԽԽģˣﶼһǰɣⶼŻһ˼ңҲǵһʱң
һſڱ伷ڿĻ
ãҲһôĸأⱲӶҵġ¡ҿӹҲͦõģҪʲô
ߣ֪Ҷдôҵģȥæ㶼ҿ𱨰ɣ
Ҳͻô仰Լ͸úúñ°
Ҳôһ仰ǴĶɱ˵ĵͰһľʹǸˮʩ
.

İʮһ£һǴ

ĻҲһѸһʱʱһ£˵Ƕˣ֪Լôôģһֱججô˲ѡ
֪ﻹȥ͵ѧҿǼǵĸˣڼһôٷ˵ǳء
ôͻȻҪҰæƤôˮ飬ǰռĸô죿ŮòҪûȥ
⻰ǴˣһҪȥǿɾǲŮˣ˿϶ܿ˼һ˵лġ
ߣǰҲûôã˵׻ǲȥˡ
Ҳ䲻һû˵ǰôûôʱͻȻЦˣǰҪ֬ˮȹĴξܾ
˰ǵ͵СˣֻõԱ˵ĻһĺôҲ˵ʲôˡ
ʵĸͻȻ֣ܵҲһݰɣسǵģ
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ĬΣԺʵ㵽ҵ׻Ҫôͣȱ˻㴩ˣΪʲôͲǰأ
ЦŲ̵ǿǵӹıҺãǾֻţҷһʳ
Ҳ˵ˣҪѧĵǻǿƽһ㣬ȻԶҲù
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Ҳû˵ת뿪ңصп޶Ӻڵģžһ㣡
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ȥسǰæҾܾˣĺˣ
˵ģҲĵѧȥǸǲܣɹô˵ѧѧȥ
ѵúӻһˣȻҲûлؼҾ˯˵ЩѧõȤ£Լȥһ»Ȼûġ
ż찡ű֮ǰҪһЩأ
.

İʮ£

һһСϢͷӳһҪ½һݣ̫Сˣϲ˵ǽʹЩҪֿ˯ġ
ѧòˣʱһ˯Ҳ᲻˼İɣ
ôһ룬ټӰѾȡѽӵӸϽ׬ҲǴ治ʲôӵģǰҩӵʱ㻨˲١
ͺȥѧõģ°þͻ˽ӣӵĵʳģسǱȲҪģ
ôţʵ۵Ĳв˯ţڶһûԼˡ
㻹˯֪ʵû˯û취кܶµȥأֻȥϴˮһ£
ҲѸٸͣҲûȥسˣ˳Ҳһȥʱӻġ
ǰ֮ȥ˵и˾˵ҩĲ඼ֲˣֲȫǿһĲҩ
ﶬҲ̫˵ֺ˺ڻϾͲҪٷβݳˣʱҲȥسǰһġ
ҲǴһЩӽ㣬ԼĲ࣬ôȥԣԼӵģ
˾ͳҲ壬֪᲻ûӶѣһ΢ÿյʱط㶼ˡ
Щ㶼ҪķĲ±͵͵˶֪Ҳ˵СϾЩӿǵܹӪȥܰѧʱ
ԴǰʹǲǰѺŪ֮󣬼ȫ˶֪ӶȥسѧãһĽӣ
ҪһֱڱĽĽ׶Σʵȥ˽̱ҩôֲҪעЩʲô֮ҲûʲôҪˡ
Щֻ˼ңŮŸϽǰҩֺã˼ҾԼΪˣ
ҪԼѧ㲻ÿ궼ҩôְɣֵͺҩģԺҪƷ֣ʱҪָһ
ķҲЩ󣬴ȹ޽һƷ˿Ҳ裬ǳʵҲòƵƵĿŮЩˡ
ǰڻҪָ㣬Ҳʲô˵ֻĬĬ
.

İʮ£

Ǵһĸ˱֪֧һϢݵˮȣʡԼ˲úøɻϿľֻҧŵķݶˡ
һߣڵæҲһûţһӻˮƻڵĺȻôԸģǾ͹ֲˣ
ĥһ죬￴㷽ص㣬û֮ǰҲԼڲ˵ĹǣôǲֻҪ޳ˣһжܻص֮ǰǸӣ
װ׵ôϱ׾ǲģҪȻСҲΪԼˡ
ǰô˵ʲôͲһˣȻǰôҲԼ֡
ﲻҪϱҲգ¶һҪˣ
ӰжȻһƣûиоԼѾ綾߰ﶢϣصұֱӵ˴ϡ
Ъһһ۾ѾҹǱһѵģѵۻûüһ˭Լǰܣ˼Ҿˣ
ҲǺĸصˣȷû֮˯һ绹ȥء
Ȼ֮ϵȴõϱǺţۿҲ׵ӦǱ˴˿޵۾ˡ
ôˣ
ϱǰ߹һе˵ȥο˲ôҲܴţ׼õġ
˼ҵֻǿһۣʲôҲû˵һˣоƺԼеԹ޵ӣʵû뵽Լˣ
һ±Ƶʱõ˹ͷ˵ɩӣԼ»˵ͺˡ
ôҲܴͷǵú˼ȥ
ΪǸŮ˵һ仰һҲûˣϾ˼ҵļ£Ҳ̫ò֣һõҲҡҡͷ
˺ͱûʲôŮ벻Ǵ˼ҲûʲôµģͬʱҲе㾪ȣÿųͦ׺û뵽Ҳᰤ
õܵϱ۾ʵڲɻɲãֻȻȥǵõͲôˡ
.

İʮ£

ֻõſڱµֻԲɵĶؼȥﰭˣ
úһõܣԼתܣСҲûϣܿ͸æŸԵˡ
ʱŴҩģȴ֪÷ԼˣֻܷϵĻϻؼңͼ÷Ժ
ŵϷһӣ°·ŪˣϡﾹȻڶ÷ǰĵƺܿĵӣ
÷ôģǿ¶Ц⣬߽ʵôˣ
üûˣҲûʲô£Թ㣬ôһڵæأ
һ÷ҲֻԼŮ˵Żȫﲻڣ
ﵹҲ˵Ķ˵ˣ͵Ŷ÷һˡ
ţΪҪ̴һҩôֲʲôҲĲ֮е㲻Ծĵӣú֡
Ҳûʲô
÷ƳһۣȻݣ
÷˱ˮȴƼﾹȻǿĵĻԼԺʵ֣
㰡⼸ڳ𣿹ҵˣȥسһ죬ô
ǰôûʱ
Ȼɻ㻹ǻصԵģʱԳԷʲôġ
ĻҲ⼸ȫ㶨ʱ׼ȥسǺһӣԼȥˣҪֻӲҲ˵ȥ
Ҿͺܿģ÷ЦЦžĬ·һ˾Ϊ˵СģҲкܶ໰˵ˡ
ܶ÷ģСв鿴Ҳûʲô¹ĵ÷ڴϣ
Ѳֶ࣬Ǻոµģ÷ҲһܣͷȥسһҪ·
÷ӲС죬Ů֮Ŷϻسǣǰȴҿһۣ
Ͷ÷һ·һ̲СŮСкüҲ˲ٴк̲סıʲôˡ
ֻͻȻһŶ÷˿ڿˮ֦ͷ˵Ůˣ˵ǱسĸǮ˿ˣ߻û͸˹ȥˣ
.

İʮ£ǳ

ﰡҲѹһֱﲻһôĸףҲòĶȥǰҾ˵һֱ˲岻ġ
ֻ֪и㲻岻˵ľԼֶ࣡
Ҳһ˰ڼС
ȺҲ֪˭˵ôһ仰ǻ˼˵ʲôõ
ҲɵСӰʵһҲûЭһֱߥҶŸɣǼҵĳأ
ҡͷ̾ģӲߵǷǽԼαһˣȻҲ˵ʲôԴҲǸŰɵ̬ȡ
ϱɲˣ⻰ɲ˵û¶ؼҰɣһˣ
дŰޱ֪ʶˣ˵˾仰תҪؼң飬Ҳ֪Լ˵ǿ϶ţǵó֤Ҳʲôû˵
ȵؼʱǰѾûˣȻҲʲôûؼԼ˵Եı׼ԡ·һѱ׼Ϣ
ҹһӰѵķļңŵȻô͵͵ˣ
ڶ컹û·ȱһΪǱεԺӶҲûҵǼ
ǰɣŴҲ͵·˴ڣ
㿴һԼҲôߵǽþ·ˣǶ´ʲôǾͲ˵ˣοҲûڼң˶ӵĻ˵滤ס
Ҳû̫żȥɽЩ޼ŪԼԺǽϣ¿˭׷ǽҹñˣҪһ޼
׼һŲĸȥæˣҲһôżˡ
أھֻʣûֲҩˣֻҪͽˣͷһҪúЪЪ⼸紵ɹƤ¶·Ķܶˣ
ϵ磬ƣ˫ȥ⻹ûſڱǸȻվڲԶֵȻֱ
ûʣְֳȻ٬Ĵ˸ڣȻӱóһеﻹûüߵſڵһ꣡
.

İʮ£

ĶŪˣҹ㣡
ҲܱǸʲôӦֱӰԼֱУ˵Ļ
ԼҲǾúѿûȥãֻǳ·Ķ͵ģֲһԺӶҲûҵ
ҲٺЦⲻǰû
üͷԽԽѾԸоΧ˿Ŀı仯ˡ
͵ߵģҪС͵װˣ
ô˵˵˸֣ȻҲûܴ˶ЩõĲ²⡣
۵ĶϽһؼȥڼҲż찡ô֣
ﲻ֪ӺδͻȻð˳ɸֵıҪšĸ첲ۼֿĶ㿪ҪȻڵĸ첲Ҫһˡ
ôˣҶ͵ˣΪôˣĪ֪ԼܻңҪȻǻΪԼŲ岻Ĺϵ
һҧ㲻֣ſںߵǲ͵ߵƽʱԺǽҲôߣôҲûܵ͵
˼˵һȣ㱻ķЦҪòûòߵǰ
㿴˳ҪĻСӽˮ𣿸в岻ĹϵϹ𣿿ŸߴεҪҸһȣ
ˮǾаʲô˵˶Ŀɲֻһ˵֪ʲôзҳԻҽ𣿡
ֱӰǰһƣ˲ûվȽžôȥ
Լ˵˵ԼһΪʲôǽֲҩģ۳ɸɶҲĿõģ
ҪΪǣҷԼסСﰡسǵһȥأôҲðɣ
Ⱥ˰˵ʲôǾʲôȫû˼ʶ̫沨ˣ㻹ǵΪԼ⼸䣡
ʹ˵ôãεĴǶһŰɵӣеҲ˵ʲôֱӾ߻ؼˣﻹǺܲѺá
·Ｘ仰Ǿ϶Լˮʲôģֵֻ㲻ٽˣҪʲôûУαôںô㡣
.

İʮ£޳

ԽԽ⣬ҵôͰôˮŮؼ˰û֮ǰ͸˲岻ģ浱Ҳ֪أ
±˲֪飬ɤ£㷢ŭͦµģͽŵĨͿˣʣµĴ˴ٿ֡
˳㿴Ҫô˵Ǳ㲻ˣԼ˻ؼңȥ
һǵΪԼ˵ģҪȻ˵ʲôʲôˣ˵ĻԼ
˵Ҳ˵ˣҲˣĿʮܣתҲͻԼˣﻹԼſ£ôôŮ˻
Ҳûõ徻һſÿ޺ǻԼ˵ˣȻɽ㲻ΪԼ˵¡
ƽĸǣǰɷǱȣںòץİѱȻҪԼɷǰ˵ģ
ŽƽϢһڴ£˵Լԩ޳ģͻȻôһ
ո㻹ûӦԽԽ֣ټϽķֵ˵йŹ֣
ɵĻ͵ȻⷢӣȻĻܾûôˡ
УɲܰװױԩվſȥȥҵǸʵôһ£ôȥĻָ˵Щл
ȥڿǲĺ¡
֮Ժȥûȼ㱻£ֻааһЦϣⲻǵҼʲô
һ飡
㿪ﴳȴ嵲ס
ﲻ㣬㿴ʲôˣҪİԼʲô͸ʲôû˰ɣ
ɼ⻬һͻȻһѣȴһѴ򿪡
ɲˣһ˵û֮ǰ͸˲岻ŮˣװʲôŮأģ϶һ࣬һٰɣ
޳ܣҪȻ׶ӣ˼һ
ҧ˼䣬ҲˣԼתȥʲô°Լƽױԩˡ
.

İʮ£ɵĺ

ɣ䵹ҲûʲôǰδеĴֻһߵĿ㣬ԴӺù֮ҲԽÿˣ
յĻصУô죬ҪҪֱȥǸô£
ϸϸһ£ԼӦˣܳţǸҾڴڣҲ߶ٲ·ܵ
ʱǱȥæʱΣȥңȻ󡭡ҵСݷŽһҲûУ
˭ȥˣ
ָʹ·Ĵ񣬼һĸϻӵСĴ񲻸˵ҡҡͷ߿ˣһһֱ㡣
Ȼڱϲûбʲô㻹ܹоõǺǰһˣֻûôԣ
Ҳͳû취鵽ôˣȫ¶û֪ȥ򣬷㻹ֲһ·
ûйܵЩ£Լһ˴ڼ﷢㶣ҩĶˣ֪㱻ԩ϶Ҳɽο
ʵҲûöܣֻΣǸľٶʵе̫Ծˣǰһ֪
ȻûϱҲû͵ϰߣͻָʹܻᵽﻢҲǺһԼͬ뵽˸λ
Ҳû֤֤ɵĺ£ȴܴ㱻ʵ˸ñӵĻ
ǲưոݵģһӲ⣬뵽ﻢﲻɵüû뵽ôģأ
զأô£ɣ
ҲǼԺǽʵڲУû˸Σգ˵ҪйȻٳʲôô죬ٱ뺷ҲǸŮ˰
㿴һɫ˰ɣȥҲˣ˵ɡ
˿һ⣬˶Լˮʲôˣô˱˵Ļ᲻᲻Լأ
ȥŵ治ҪһˣҲ޲ȥˣڻ洫лأǲȫ֪ǲϰˣ
.

İʮ£

ҲͻȻһץĸ첲㰡㿴ҽô˵ãô㶼
ҲԵͷʱ䲻˵ʲôģαίǲǣ˵ˣǶҲð
ôһᣬҲһĶͷȻҶͿˣ¸˸һɶ˵ҲǸ취
֤ҵףǻǵðǸҳô£ָʹôɵģԼ£
֣Ұŵ㣬Ҫ˯ߡ
ãԼԵģȻͻؼҰɣҪ˯ɽ᲻˵İɣ
ЦЦȻ˵ʲôǣģϾڿǱˮŮˡ
һҲŲ߲ˣôôҪ͸ͷҵ־͵д
ڻҲӲˣڼҲ幫ϹҲô˳ˣҲ֪Լ˼»ǳ˼¡
˼룬ûģڻ﹫ԼǸ˰ɣǰĻ֪Լ֣ʲôˣ˵ЩĻҲܷʲô
ڲһˣ֮ǸŮǿˣ׬Ĳɽٵ֮ҲźͽȻɱ۸Լ
ԼҲǴŽٵģϾ˵ģǸȻݣƲ̫̫ˣ
Ȱ˵ǻԼңʱ֣˶˯ʱȥҶأܲܲ˯ɣ
Ͳˣܳ˲ɣȻұ϶׵ȶҲû˻Ѳôˣ
ĵŷҲŷҲֻǿһ߰㲻ʰûʲôˡ
ҹˣײҲ߻Լļˣƿ߽չžͱסͣͻıһ
ֻܿ˿Լ˵ϵģȥĸ˿ˣ컹װһŮģ
Ҳһôͱץ˲ǣȻĸŮǸһ¼ģӳĵͦãúҽұ֤ؿƿ
.

İʮ£Ӿ

㳹ŭˣҹԼĲɻ˭ɫ죬ȻҶͼ졣
ҿ޵ɣҪȻôñӣ˱ҲǱ˱ˣĺҲո֣
Խ˵Խ˷ܣдСӹǾҲ֪һѽ㱧ȻصĶڴϡ
㱻ӵĳʹо׵ҪһûüɾͬһɽƵѹ˺ѡ
һ˺һвҪǲ±˷Ҫ£ͽаɣҲ±˷֣ҵﲻôͲͬˣҪҪԼˣ
Ŀ¶׹⣬ϧںڰɻûʶΣս٣ϵܰ㣬ԳһʹʹӾ磬ŵһԡ
õɵȥָɶţſڱϻ㻹浱ǲè˲ɣҷҲǰΣ
ЯŭɱţǴ˿覹˼طһʹֱðˡ
üȥԼеŭԼƽϢһЩڴϵɣҲԼǲ½ˣӣ
ſʱ㻹ݺвԺǰƣҪȻǷ˼һδһΣǾԿֱ򵽱Ϊֹ
ðͱս㣬ҪҴ˿ĻԺӾ
ǿͷв㻹ֱһеĶ
һɵϽҹжԶԶͶģ
в˰ɣʹԼſȥΪǹĺ죬û뵽ȴ˴ѡ
ѵŲŲߵԼңҲûоκˣȻ֪뷨Ҳ˵ʲôԼȴöˣһŮ˴ӣ
вˣĶ˵ӶϲӾﻹ˵ء
ʹҲҲǣǱľٶŪһ˯ⶼûУǶʵ뿪ţֲ֪ȥ
ôôһ£ͱʵԼ˲õ£ûȥҪܵҪߣҲðԼ֤ʵߡ
.

İʮһ£

ǣôĶֶ֪ǸѾߵˣҲ֪Ķȥָʹģ϶ᵱ˵ϣ
ôҲ벻ǰ·ҲɹģûŪôһ£˼·ǾôɹԺģҲû˵˭͵ߣƫƫԼľûˡ
һͻɼԵģŻô϶ĻɵͷϣΪԼڴϸ˭ûʲôޡ
û뵽ʱûȻԼĻᣬεľֲõĻԣץסǸ鵽ôһ£
̶һʱ̫࣬ʵ۵ܲ˲ŷǰ˯ȥǴոձɹ໹ģԸȥ˯
ٶʱѾ۾λεչ̵Ӧһ¹Դ֮ŷ֪ʱص˼ң
ʵô˯ˣҪ˯ȥϡ
ԴֵĿ㣬ĻǹģҲ֪ʲôʱˣһαȷûʲô˯ˡ
ѣֵô飬ô˸ңҺû
ôһ˵Լԩ飬Ҳûɶ˵ģȻ˵ʵ㶼֪ˣҪô
о˽̬е㲻һʵ˵һ취ҵģȻץ֤ף
Ȼȴҡҡͷ峺˫۶ͲԼһȣ
㲻ˣοʵ벻ӵʲôϲĵطƽûжٽ֪¿϶⣡
ץס֣µȷίˣҲ֪ƽﲢֽŲɾϲ͵ˡ
ͻȻŪôʵ⣬һסôʱˣƷҲǺ˽ģһûɳּ˵£
㵹ͦģͲΪ˱㣬ĸǸһˣ
һ㲻ԼӣֲԤԽء
ᶨ֪㲻˵ģΪԹ㣬ộԼġ
˵ʲôȴͻȻſںһֻ˵磬ĸлҪ˵ҹһ°ɣ
.

İʮ£ͻȻת

ȥҲûһ۱ܾھȥοҪĶС£ҲµûʲôҪ˵
ھȥϣ
ҲǸִֵˣȥվſڲߣЩ治ǰ˵ֻø˵˾˵ȥ˸ڡ
ȥʱڴϳԶע⵽ȴǶϵɣɫЩմͬ
˵ǰҲȴûô࣬˵Щϡģ
ʲô£Դ̬Ȼǵģǰûʲô𣬵ƺﲻԾԼ˵ҲͽԹȥ
ֻЦĿ˵ʲô£Ǻϱɵĺ£ֵĴ˾֪Ƕ棡
ʱû˵𣿻ûñ˿񲻶ԣҷϣŮ˶ܲס첻ڼҴܵģںˣøˮ
˵ˣǱ͵ߵģû˵ʲôԼ˵ˮ˵乫鷢ԺҪ˼棡
͸ûһЩǵ˵˲岻ʲôģȫĹǰ⣬ʲôأ
Ϭ仰˵ﲻ֪ôӣӲ˵ӣ˭·͵ר͵İϻ˵ĺãǲӬ޷ĵ
ԼҪƽﰲֵַôᱻ˶ϣֻ˵Ͳ͵ģһȣȻµģҸ㽲Ҳˣ㻹벻ü޸˼ң벻ԺȢϸϱˣ
ĸô죿
Ȼ֪뷨ǲ˵£ֽ˵ɵ̫࣬ò׻ôӸϱ
Ҳ˵ݾݶ԰ɣǾͱˣҿ϶취Ū壬ȻһףҲǸǼһ
ŵڹҸ˵ֲظŮˣģҪͰˣ
˵ʲôɱĿڣƺһ
Ȼ֪ܵʲôĶԴֻ֣ǰʲô¶ܵģһֱǸֺеģôͻȻתˣ
.

İʮ£йŹ

һûʶɵĲԾĻȴԣڸѡһȥȥԼˣҲûʲô֤ˣͲס
Ȼ˵ݶˣҲһĮ˵ܣԼϱôԼ˵㣬ǲҪ֣Ҷ˵Ūˣ
ԽǼߣԽйŹ֣пܸѲ˸ϵ
뵽˴ͻȻĿ˵ǸҪôߣŮ˸һҲûӵģʱһٴҲˣ
ȴҪ߾ҪѡҶѡĸ׵ǲ۵ʱˣ
аǳӲˣҵļǰɣТӣԼǵڼΪǸŮҲˣ
ҲǽˣԼĳЬӱ㳯ȥüͷ㿪Ҳ֪ǶûϴţЬӴϲʱһ˲䣬Եŵһɳζ
ӳȻһֱøĸĵģҶֻΪʲôˣҲСˣҾ㰲ˡ
¾ôɣ϶ỹһ׵ģǼҵҲỵ޵ĳȥҴҲȢϱúТ
̤ŵһ̣ͻȻøȢϱҲһ㣬˸ϱעȫϡ
ʱôˣɴСӹǴ˶֪ģɻĸԸ޸ԳٳҲ˵ϸϱ
صԼңǰ֪Щʲô߹ȥҸ㶫԰ɣȻǾͳȥӡ
ΪʲôͻȻŪôһôԷҲκⲻǣ
·һҲһͻȻЦһ£˵Ҳǣ֪ȥĶӣ
Լ°ͻصţһ˰ȥҲǼطǵȻȥҾˣȥŪ㶫԰ɡ
ȥ󷹵Ĺ㻻ɾ·ϴ˰˿ȥ㾫һЩô˵֤Լ˵ɣ
Ϊ£˷ҲǳԲ¼ڣȰ˵ԼҲԣû취ֻöӰѷιߡ
.

İʮ£

еģⷹų˼ڣ˵ҿ϶취֤ף˲㣬ģ
ۼʱæЩǼԣκҲر˵ӣԼһǾܲõġ
ֻ̾˿Ͻַŵϣε˵ĳԲ£żȥӣ԰ɣǸϽȥ
ô˵֪ļˣҲżԼҲûһȥˡ
ǲ֪ȥôһģüĿΨһһҶķȥС̫ķ˻治١
ķܳӣͶĶӮǮĻ߲ϵԵĿһۣϵʮһģµʮǰ;õĺӶУ
㻹üָˣΪծеָȻҲǻͷĳ˻졣
㿪ʼе㻳ɣǸƽ￴Ҳķ˰
Ͼķ˶࣬ôһҲף°ϱŪˣһֱǣ֣˶Ѷķˣڽҵӡ
ϵӶˣǷһʶծķ˺úáչˡأҪŪĶеƻҲôأ
ӱҲûǰţֻǾĿŶķһȻӳȥ˲׷ȥ
˴̧ͷ㿴ɱ㣬ԼĿͬôƵڨڨЦһ£Ȼһ㱾ܵơ
ϣôǺɣ
һץסӵӣݺݵһҲɣǾרģ㣬ΪʲôҪ͵ҵȻ˵ҡ
ΪʲôҪô㻵ҵҸгǲ˭ָʹģҲǱ˸ָʹģҪȻط
ǰһߣο㣬侲һ㣬
Ҳ֪ܴίˣܲ˰Լˡ
ȥĻԼƽ飬ʱҲһ㲻Ҫ˭͵˭Ĳãƫƫģ
.

İʮ£

ӿǲ˵ʵʹ˵ҲǺµ˿ҺǰɣԼҲǸǵôһӾ˾
Ȳ˵ʵܲɻذɣ
ϣҾһʱͿŻġǶҲҲ֪ˣǻ˰ɣҲû˵ɣ˭֪ž˵Ϊء
ǺҲˣҼԾˣ߻˵أҾûʲôˣ
ӵⷬ⣬ǰָ˸ʵǼָ
ôˣһ±ƵĿ㣬һԴͱصһƣʹ졣
ž˵ôҲɵӰ㻹ô˵ǶͲ֪˲᣿
ҿſںߵģٸһλᣬٺ˵ͱǶ㲻ˣԼ
ҡҲʵ벻ʲôϹˣȨһܻ֮ŵȴͻȻ򶨡
Ҳżӵվôڵϵ֪ô£԰ҡʮӣҾͰֻ
˵ڶسˣʮӶ˵϶Ҳʲôɣ㿴Ƿ˶ծҪ˴ˣʱûˣ
ʮӣӻҿҪ̫࣬ſڶǼʮµˣ㾹ȻҲöʮ١
ǻ
ֻ¶һ˿Ц⣬ƽ˵ķأ㻹ǴֻȣǱĵطҪ
ҾͲһˣΪһٶҶҪ˳ˣʵڲвҲûϵһ汳ƺҲ
˵ӶȻǰԼһḶ́ǱʹҲǴ˸¡
ҲҪҺʲôûУŸôɵģ˵³֮˶Ů˲㣬Ҳκµġ
һãĵұ֤ģֻҪҲ˵ҸɵҾͲ£Ҳ˵ˣҸ¾ҪҺÿ
ҲˣһһʮĶ˲ɵñĵ˵㻹ǸˣȻһų⸱ӣܴ㻹ôŰ
.

İʮ£ݺ

ƲΪԼ鶼˵ˣҲҪʲôˣĶվֱס
үү̵˵˵̰ҶˣҲҪˣôܷŹأ
˵ʲôðøһشָʹôģëߵĹϵûУҪȻҺ˵ҲŰ
Ҳõô㼸䣬ûŵԣһܲеѪԣ˾͸˴һܣôһŮˣ
һǴﳹ澡ʧˣԼԼϱ°ӣԺ˭ޣҲԹ㣬˭̫ء
Ȼȴ̫ôһ֪ûģݺԼϱȴҲô˵ìֻأ
Ȣϱʱûʲôע㣬ʱȻģǰôһ˵˭Ҽɣôĸף
ס㣬ε¾ͽɣǱԼᾯΪǣ͸ְ̧ɣ˵ݺˡ
֪㲻ˣ⻰˵Ļͦ΢ȴû̬ȣһֲŵ
˵ôİԼϱ۸Ҫ˼Ϊ룬ʱ˿ر˵һ仰õ
˼޵ƺû˼ҵˣֻǲˣҲ¹˼ǲǰֻɸߡ
ѹһӻʵҪô죿ҾôˮһȵôȥͲ˵ˣ˵ʱ㶼Ӧ𣿡
ˣϽ˵˵Ҳû˵ô㶥ţӸ˵һԼһʱӲ
͵Ķ滹㣬±ˣǾͲ˵ЩĻˣͲʹӵ˺𣿡
Ŷֺ£ô׾ٵ˰㾯ʲôãû˵ĻҲҶ
㣬ҡ
ô˵һζôɵżǿװ򶨣ȴʲôˡ
.

İʮ£

ˣ͸ñûжã㵱İʱһ۶û㣬Ϊ㻹Ҫ룿
ʵίո˵ĻʼղǸԼվһսϵģܵǺʮ꣬Իǻǿǰɡ
Ҳ˵ʲôԼһ˴ܻؼУƽôҲܲȵ˦
һֱͣҲǺܻ˵ǵͷֻùԹԱ죬һؼҡ
صСȥҲңסôãһˣ;ҲԼң
ϧ֪ôȥⱲӶزȥˣڴʲôҲ϶˵һ䣬һֱĬĬߡ
Ҳһص˴һզˣ㿴ӣ֮ǲһȣ
ӵͷˣ˵ԼֻһʱͿǲҪ£ƴԺҪ˵ЩˣҪȢϱأ֪˽㲻ϼ޸ˡ
⵹ò˷Цô죬ûиһҲûԸ޸ðɣƫƫԼΪУһҲ˵Լȥɣ
˻Ҳͷˣټϼ¶Ҳûȥ֪ìܣӿ߶
ûҲ˵ĸǽˣΨһıˣ֪
ñ˶˵˵ôֵûУҪӲ㵷ңӣҪſھǺüʮ˭𰡣Ҳǲˡ
֪ôģΪʲôҪҵԼԵôһϷԾԼҪˡ
վһ߿㣬ٺ壬ǰʱȥ㿴Ǻ
һֱվţһվ۲ۣ鲻顣
ʵѹ֣Լȥߣȴ粽ĸž͸ŰɣҲ˵ʲô˲Ѿ˵İ⿪ˣ
.

İʮ£۲Ĳ

Ҳûа̸۴µĴһ׷뿪Ͼ֮ǰԩ㡣
ѾˣȻԺôعΪĻҲôû˰ɣ
ҪپЩȻָƽϣȥ˻ҪһԴҲ˵䣬ľͲʲôˡ
ϾǲһģԼһ˰ɣ߳ТʹʲôҲܱԭ£ʹٲ⣬ô
ʰسǰɣߵһȺˣ۲Ĳһ㡣
ɽһ㣬һõ֮Ż˼ңȻͷ˯û˯Ҳˣ
ھ˯һ˯ϣȥسˣǶ÷ԼȥһɢɢҲǺõģҪȻôŻġ
ô˯˱ӣԭŵ˯һˣöҲҪ˼
ֻýһ£˷ӦǸ˼ίĺӣԺβһ¡
ҲЩʣѹӣЩ޲ߣҲ˵ζ֮ҲúܾͶˣ
ҲٽѷѰ˼ҹȳԣھͲˡ
˼ҲŸճ԰Ժﻹ⣬ѼŵĹסֱȥ
˭Ҳ֪ʱ˵Ļƽ￴̬ȺܺõڴʱҲ˵Ļ
ʵܷǰĽٺúദǺܿĵģ뱳Ҳô޵
ƺôôѹˣԼô궼˵ϰˣʲôһ
ĵ͸ͲˣĸǰģڼҲһֱίߵģǵһ˶۸
ںദôõʱʼǶʱ䣬ټѹǰҲѹֻһֱֱֳŲסˡ
ϣǲôʲôǿûķˣԷĻؼϱȥ
.

İʮ£Ӳ

ֻ˵㻵񫣬ֻͷԷһĻɣҲûʲôû˵
˵е⣬һжԴڱߵһ£ԼԼĸоʹӰˣ
Ǳ㶼ôͻȻҲһⰡ
ֻһͻȻһƣһ˿϶оѹļλǴֲʶˣȻǾŲҲô
ǵǰһ۸ⲻ֪ڵһͷŭʨӡ
ģѾǰ˵ˣ׻ˣҲסˣʲôӰˣ
Ҹ㣬һΣٲ֣ŷĸ°ʹĻҾĲˣʱңҽ˵Ļ棬ûһƵģԼˡ
￴һۣǱﲻɵüһڵǸעһ֮ͽȻеµϻװĺ򶨡
ǵʱûôõĶ̲סӣͷв˳ԷǲҺӣ
ȻﶼеˣȴΪȻſڱ˵ôţԼ»˵ˣúĸ˵ӲĶ
㿴ڣҸźݻˣӹˣҲǿˣǰڼʱʲô̬𣿡
ľǶԵ𣿻ӹͱԼϱ֮»еڶ˸ɵĳһ룬ûӰʵ˵ҪȻñ˳Цˡ
ҸӣԺúȺסõģŹƻģûĶôӣ˵ٲ֪ڸĵĻҾ治ٸˣͲܹˣ
ǰ£
ǲˣЩĵ飬Ĳһֱţ˵ľȫˣԼӷպѹĻᡣ
˵ӲǱӲ˰ɣǰ˵ԣ㲻һǸӶôӹõĹܵĶԴ
аͱҲҲˣҾôǾ͸ˡ
Ī˵ôһ仰˵Ӳµ飬Ҳû˵Բȣ֪ﶼôġ
.

İʮ£Զ

˷ǲһץص㣬Ҹ㳳ܣʵҲ˱ȣĸܸɳԼϱһȵ飡
ڽʵ⣬˼Լң˯ĻҲˣһڶû£ȻὫ˱ڻ
㵭ķǾһˣʵ̫ʡˣ˼찡ߵʱ㻹úõģ
ҲԶһ㣬ԼĺһɣٲʲôìܣЩĽӴҲǶµˡ
һСҲƽϣϣôҲ֪ĲԣΪԺĻǾò׸ˣ
ɡȻԼҲôвĻҲûҪʴˣԺҸϱϱȥ
㻹ԺסسˣĴǶʵҲ㲻رҪˣҪһܿĵһ
ֻҪȢϱЩǳһˣҲֱȥسǣ̫ʡͣ컹ܴسȥҡ
ԵҸռסʱ䣬ȥ飬˵ĸǣҪȻ϶ֻﲻߣ
ֱӰ쵽Լ⣬Ҳ˵ˣǼԼãֻԶ㣬žˡ
㻹֪е뷨׼ٺ˵Щ
ͷʵڰס۾˯˹ȥһҲɵ
ڶ峿磬һ۱㷢ԼУÿһ£ɫĴѳ
˯·ûѣֱӴЬᷢϴϻķˣƿһۣһ֪Ҳһû
̲ס̾˿ѷ˶ȥһ£緹ôպϳˣҺرˣҪȻⷹ˷һ϶ζˡ
´󲻾þˣоյģһѾԼˣ͵شӴһϵķҲˣ
ټϳð̣ȷȷˣɵһΪ㲻ˡ
.

İʮһ£ֲ

·һܣαڻһһֻ˵Ъһ᲻õ㣡
ʱҲʲôˣһ꣬۾һվԼθĲʶѹȥ
Ҳ·϶ൢʲôž쵽سһĻǺܿ죡
ֲسǵʱȻɫѿǲû֮ǰһ³ʵѾеתġ
˳ߵʵҪȻЪһȻȥĸѡǲЪˣֱӾҪȥ
Ъһɣ
Щ΢ʵһ·ҿڣԼһͻ£ͷԼҵ̶ȥ
תͷȥ÷׼һڵ˻ᣬֵһ˵Ĳʸкܿûˣ
ʱ磬ҲŸȥң԰ѵһԼſϢһҪǲӵĵġ
Ҳ磬ⶼҲûаӿֻЦ˵·ӵ
ԺõĴ಻˵ʲôˣԲõıҪ䣬ô»ʲôӣ
Ҳ˶˵ߺֱӰŹȻŹţΪûҲֻˡ
ʱˣֻһֻһǺ⣬һףٵʫǸû
Ǹʱ;ﲻ򵥣øɫ߷һͼ۵ıʵҡ
ĴʵЩ㶼ĶİǸͲ˵ˣ⸱Ҫӵİɣ
ðɣĸݲͬˣЩ鱦ʲôҲȱһ˾Щ͵㲻һģҪʶĻ͸֪Ҳֵӣ
һ£ɫö˵ҪҪϢ͹ȥҿɫе㲻ˣҪȥɡ
ҡҡͷܾҪ͵˼ҼſڵĻ˿˲ȥҲÿԼȥɣ绹𣿸ոüҪˣ
.

İʮ£

Ӱɡ
֪Ϊʲô˵仰֮ƺǸµĺһʧ䣬ȥȴֿʲôĳ
ϽӹﶼڽɵʵΪʲôҪ׼һݳһͺˡ
ҵĻȥİΪɷĸҲȥҲˣҲ͵ĻĸҲģòõǲôҪ
ͷĸоȻȻƽﻰǺܶ࣬ǰԽԽȵˡ
úö˳һԼķͺ·ǲû֮ų˵ȥϴûöԶ߹ȥҾԼҵ̻ǺԶģ
ſڲûе̧֣ͷգ̫ʱҲˣҲûкܶŸ÷ĳ
Ƕ÷͵ĻǱ磬Ҳ˵ʲôȥ÷Ǹʲô˵ɡ
ϴԿŵ˼ܿȥȻѸͨ˶÷ŸսԺû߼÷ֱӭˣ
Ȼ˷ϲ¾ˬ÷һϺýвüɵɫȹͷϴĿɶǽ˿ˡ
֮Ŷˣֻһǳɫȹͷ򵥵Ǹɾ䡣
һΪҪһأû뵽ôˣ
÷ߣ룬ǸеìܵĻô硣
˿֮㽫Լȥ͵ҸѲûңԴȱǻ治֪͵ʲôأ
ﲻĻͲܹˡ
֮⣬÷ûеһʱϵĽп浽װʲôЩԾ˵ҲûҪ˼ҽ˵˵֪Ļ
˵Ŷ÷סƣȴûжܰĸо֣ǣʱû㵹벻ͨ
ܿһֻۣڣʵôҲա㣿
.

İʮ£

ŶҪҪæųȥûͻңҲûʶʲôѣԽҲʲôģƾֻˣ
ͻȻ÷ʹǸ֮ƺͦԱյģԼǾԼǰ²Ҽˣ±ȡЦɡ
ʵҪ컹Ǻĵģ˵ЩȤģԼҲǻûʲôܸ÷˵
Ȼԭļ䣬Ƕ÷׽ͺñԭǰϲǸȫǸ࿴ۡ
÷Ů˹Ĳ㶼Ƶǰʵؼ¶æ˰ɣǲسסһʱˣ
ͷģû⣬Ǳ»һȥģҾֻٻȥǽ⡣
ô˵÷е㲻⣬ȴ˵⺢ӾɵԼҵ¶æҪűˣҪôãҪԺǱ˰ɣǱߵĵǹ˿ţÿӾ͹ˣʲôð
Կһ£ⶼ˼ҰҩֵˣôҲ˼ɣȻʲô¡
ҪͷҲˣȻǱ׬٣ȥʳĵʵ㲻̫ߣǿܹڰɡ
Ǻðɣ
÷ڵʲôҩģԴһȤûУϾǴģ÷Ҳ򿪿˿
ֻûʲôоıƺϵдʫʲôʵһף˸ٰʫҪ鷨дĺܺã
÷һĴʱ۾һóһ廨ϲ˵⻨ð
ĸϲͺãͷţ
㵹ûʲô÷ȴΪ˵ôõĶôأǾŰɣôһ壬Ҫܾõİɣ
һʲôҲû˵ⶫ˶ǲ֪ģ˶Ļʱ̵㣬ǴӦһ塣
϶Ҫ൱ʱ䣬۸Ͽ϶Ҳˣ治֪ǴĶģһǶ÷ϲľ͹ˣ
ϣҵЩҪ㿴ˣƼҰѸС׼Ķ
.

İʮ£ס

Ҳ֪÷ҪԼʲôҲʣôǸаƼŮѶù
һֻŮһѵĻ㲻ȷʵĸǡҪͻ𣿡
ܿʲôû뵽÷ҵҲῴˣײǰǸҰ帾ˣı㻹Ǹеοģ
ֻ÷ֱص㿴˱֪ˣ⻭ϲġ
˵ŮѾһֻ꣬滭ĲɽˮҲǻݣһˣܻʦʵڲզΣ˵˳ʵڲզΣôôó
üͷ΢һ£ȻԶ÷ĸ׸ҿ˼ҵĻʲô
㿴˺ÿ𣿲ÿǻһ
÷ʵŮֻһŻ˵ǸԲģĸƤһԲֻ۾
ͣסĸҲ뿴Щһ㶼ÿ
һеӣ÷ɫҲе㲻ÿ˵ٶ࿴ɣȻЩδһܱÿǼð
÷⻰ĥ˺һŷӦ˼ĿŶ÷ʲô˼ٸһɷ򲻳ɣ
÷һ˵кβɣ㿴һҲûʲô־СӣȻãһ굽ͷ׬ӣ
ӣҪسǵѧ飬ӵӹ⹩ʣ¶ˣǸǸʲôͲ˵ˣ㻹ôĸһӰ
ȵȣô뷨ģӶԼģ˵޸˾һֱϺӣҲҪԼ׬ģ
Ͷ÷ɲһ򳢵˺ôԼŮһټ޸бµˣ;ÿԼ׬ǮԷûʲô˵ġ
ڶ÷Ǿû£ôԹˣԼϵҲٳһԼܹĿ࣡
ֻ÷ЩɸֵĿҿǱסˣǺÿܵԣͲ˵˵ûб¡
Ǹܵˣȥʱ֪˵ЩʲôҺ£ȻҪӲſϴӦ
.

İʮ£

˵ʲôбˣǴѴ׬ô׺룬˵ӶҪˣ˼㻹Ҫȥ
÷ǾһҸû㵱ˣǵɻһȥģʵҲͿôѺӸء
ûӰɣǿأƽʱǰͲ˼ʲôʲôˡ
㶢Ŷ÷ҡҡͷһò˵ǰѿɹƭĺְ߿ߵģ
ǲڼȥˣĸôϲƽʱ𣿲Ҿ֪ûС
÷ǹˣ֪һ˼ҵ˴ĸ˵Լϱ룬ǰǺԼҪġ
Ҳû˵ʲôٺĸ׳ܵӲͶ÷˵ĲһǰǼмеΪѵģ̫£ƺҲ֪ʲôӵģ
ȻʼǱ˵ЩӲˣֻ˼һûĻ϶ѡ
㲻˵÷ΪҡˣȴŮһ仰ɣĸܲẦģ
⻰ǳɹע⵽ˣ÷֪ԼŮŮ֮ǸʲôӦ
Ҳܻϵˣ÷ʲôǱװϲˣ֮ǰô࣬ڿˣ
Ƕ÷˵ĶǿİҪԵֵģǽúù𣿷ҪŪЩӰ顣
㲻ˣ÷Ҳ֪˼˳л񣬶ЦЦ˵УͷİôʦЩһ£϶иˣԵֲˣ
㣺
Ǹ˼òãǵĲ޸ˣһֲǻȥȥĵطﻹүķ롣
ҪȻƾһҽĶģĸã
һ磬￴ϷǺȲԵģ㶼ֵ²ߣΪ˰һƽ飬Ҫ֪÷ôһ˵ɶҲġ
緹ʱҸǶϻˣձҲ֪ȥĶ˻ˣҲǵŻأҲͦ飬浱Ůһ
¹ǲǳģ÷ģ֮˼Ҷ̸ܿҲְҵʽ׼Цݣ˿Ҳͦϵ
.

İʮ£Ů˵

ҲԷˣϲձ̬Ҳ䵭һٷĹûжձ˵һ仰ʱ÷ǰŵģ
Ȼֱ߾㣬Ա߾ձԱ߾ˣձܴձŵȽԵ֬ζ
Ҫž̲ס˸磬ȻͽӵԼͬ񣬶÷ĵʵôˣЩˣȾ˷纮ɣ
ЦЦصû£ǸðǱͻȻеЦˡ
󲻹ܶ÷ĸףǽ÷̣Ҳͽֱӽ壬ҲûһҪף֮ܺƽദȥͶˣ
е棬м͸һԼ÷ŲձϵŲĸһʱɣ
ϵ֬ζž֪ձ϶ȥǻ֮أ÷治֪𣿻˵һֱȻ
²ؼ߸߹ŲձȥأԼ鷳¶ٿ࣬Ķйô࣬ձҲִţǾͼȱϳس֪ˡ
緹Ҳ˵ϢҪȥ֣Цͺĸȥɣѵȥһ䣬㲻ڼôŵģ
ðɣҾͺĸ׳ȥˣҲ÷žͻӣŶ÷ȥߡ
Ͷ÷ճţͶԼ˵ҹܵĿе⣬пգɣ
һȥԼ鷿ʱʣձŮֱ˼
֮ǰ⸮ū澣ȻǶǱģǸòĹЩŮ˲֪Ҫö٣ԸľȻͱ
˿Ů֣ձҲϹȥԴҲûԸŮֶţתŶ÷ȥسǵ¥棡
ձ̫ʲôӻĸоˣس¥Ĺ֮ǰЩ֪Ҫöٱܶһлȥ
Ͷ÷ȥ֣ҸҪɲձֻóȥѰ֣
߶÷Ҳ˵Ů˵ãسĲׯҲиʽѣڼ۸һ˼һ̤
.

İʮ£Ǯգ

÷һ̤·ϱ˱ȣֻҪܴϵģúʵﲻ£
ֱ΢ͷ۵˵ĸףҲȱ·ģЩ·
÷ϵ·ȹڶǴصģȻڵϣ㴩Ҳ鷳ģҪʱʱȥ￴ĶдЩƯָӵȹȥ
÷û뵽ԼĺüȹʵϲЩȹԼǼϵǾЩ·̫ˣˣҲһˡ
÷ôһ˲뵽ִǰһٶԼ촩ůĸоЩ·ʵ鷳ɴֱԼȥȹ
ֻϵĶЩʽ򵥵ȹ÷ֻԼŮ̫ϲôߵȹӣȻ˶÷Ȼ˵ȫ
˵㣬ӲǰԼ㿴ϵȹҲһ˵Щ·ˣ㲻ֻӵô󴩲Щѵģ
ֻ£ؼҾǷŵȵҪó˲ׯһվ֬۵꣬𿴶÷ͲСˣǰ֮Ŀһ㲻С
֬۵ֹֿ֬ˮ۵ĻҲرصģϾͰĶζǱȽϵŵģ
ƽҲôЩӱͲ泯Ҳ˾óüëǸһü״޶ޡ
۾ر󣬵Ǹɾһ̶峺̶ˮһͶǺСɵģ÷ϣĽ޶ˣ
㶯֣÷͸ϲ֬Ĩ۵ģʱ㿴ｿεԼϵĿ֬˿űһ׷
ӣϵķ۸̫أƽ泯˵Щܲˣ÷ԼŮƯԽ䲻һҪҸõ˼ҲС
ոոù֬ˮ۶÷ҲһôһĹ·֬ˮ۵Ѿ˲°ˣ
֬۵ţ㻹ʵĸװǳһ˱ôණôӣȥ忴̫ݳ𣿡
ֻǾڶ÷ǰһһ£ǰôʡһҲǻǮգ۵Ůˡ
.

İʮ£֮ʵ

ؼôһϻɼѣԺĸʲô⣬Ȼ֮ǰӵеһжӰܹðĶ÷ܲô
÷ƺûǹ⣬ŵЦ׬ҲỨģһٶӶ˵СĿҪǰһҪԼЩ
÷ҲǸ֮ףԭֻҪǮʮҲܱʮһ
Ҳû˵ʲôֻϣܸ򳤾ȥʲôɣҸӼʱҲǱһѡ
ֱӸ̾÷̣ұΪ㲻ʩͺƯˣû뵽˷֮أ
⻰Ц˳δҲ̫˰ɣȻʩ˷ÿȴҲԭģ˵Ҳ˵ǡ
˵ⷬע⵽߻վŸµˣֻԼĺеʧüͷʶԼʧ̬ˣ
ֻЦŹָǸ˵ԼʧˣһԵĿԼĺѣ˻ǵģôŮ˸ѡһϣ
ģ˼ҿɷ˵ġ
ĺѶԼŮô˼÷ֱܵλĺѣۣλŮ㣡
۶ͷǴкˣ֪ոʧˣǸ֮Ŀ⻹һֱ̲ס֮ԽԽϲ
÷ӡҲǺܺõģȻͨǴ˼ҵĹӣһֱûȢޣҲûʲôģ
ۺ㣬Ǳһֱ㲻ߣֻ˵òһˣȥ
ʵѵ飬ټϽ챾Ƕ÷ˣӲǿĵ鵽ϣ
ò׳ԷˣԵеż˻˵ȴһһڳŷˣ÷Ȼû˵ʲô۵ȴǶΪȽϲ⡣
϶ǱòסˣһУôżȥ֪÷ֻҪ͸ˣ
Ҫ濴òԼxxooˣڻʲôûкðɣ֤ɫŮˡ
ֻ˵Ƕ÷Ի·ڳ˰ɣôû˭˭ֻڱŷ׬ӹϺӣĿģѹûйϸȻ׵˼
Ƿޣʵ˻ûз֮ʵ
.

İʮ£з֮

ò׳Թɫ׼ؼˣҲҪؼˣȻ˲ͬ·ͬһʱ뿪÷ԼҸӼҲһͬͣ
̤ҴţƼԶŵĸߴӰô޶˵վһʱоԼ۾ôһ㱡
ʶ߬ȭͷϹһ˿ǿЦ߹ȥʵôôֹ˰
ҼɫҲûԹһ£ĸĿɻģɻϲ
÷һ̬ȿź䵭⸱е㲻Ծʱһ㸾˶ϲõĴ壬ôԼ̬أ
һԵˣж÷ĸǶ÷ŮҲ˵Ѿɷˣֻ˼ҽûԼĸף١
ԭô󷽵˶ѾǱ˵ˣ۲ɵеʧ䣬ҲôһСҲ뵽ôõ˿϶ȱϲġ
ֻܹ̫ûԵ֣ò˵ǵٻǺĿģҲòν˵һԶˣ
Ȼ֪÷Ϊɶ̬䵭˵ȻҪٽȥ˾ˣۼҲûжķ䣬Ҳסһġ
ˣ̫ˣǾȻˣٹǣ
Ҫؼң̫˺ðɣ÷ҸĻܻסһˣҲò徻ǻؼҰɣ
һ㣬Լܰš
÷Ҳû㲻ߣ˾Ϳŵ˼ңһ·ֵĶܳĬ
˺һ·̲֮סʵǻĶȥ
سǳ˸ûоסķӣпյĻ㿴ܲһɣ˵Ӷأ벻˯ջˡ
ջ
ϧֻ֣ее̧֣ͷȴҲͷԼء
졭ĺƯ
˰˵ôһ仰һԼ˵Ŷȥѣ֬ˮۣƯƯ̫
Ǹ˭վǸ
ܵĶ֮ģĻǸ˶е˼ýȥˣҲ֪з֮ˡ
.

İʮ£

Ѱ
һֱԽֵֹģ˵ô仰ҲʲôЯ˯Ŀջ
ջ˵Ŀⶼʱ̲סҪըˣͲֱӰطϵĶʡô˵ǡ
ʵصĵһ¾Ǵˮݹֽʱ˵˵ϲôණϴûˣ
˵⻰Լеαˣֱ˵װһΪõӡ
㵱Ȼûж룬úϴ˸֮׼˯һҲǹ۵ˣϴžԼʵôƯңǲеˣ
ûУնĻصģҾͦõġ
ŵĻԹȥһ£֤Լûоʩģģ
Ȼ˵ǿ϶ǲˣ㽫ͷɢ㵽£׼ޣϨ𣬽ԼҲȥ
ҪԼʱͻȻ˵ϲҲȥѧˣǱ߻һŴҪȥǱ˯
Ϊʲô˯ɷ򣬱͸һŴ˯ģ
ﶼŲͬ⣬ӸǶûȥһŴ˯ȻԵİ£§ڻ
ֻڰ㿴ı飬ֻǲǻأĸҲسǣҲվȽŸˣ㻹ȥ
˵㿴һ˼ңɵոռǸˣȻͨһŴ֪Ǵ˼ҵү
仹׹һε壬Ҳ±ʲôģɼ˵رصĶټ϶÷Լ̬ȣѾĲԾˣ
һôһ˰
Ƶģһ˶ôȥĶ
ĬһʵҪʲôҶܸ㲻ߣҪǽǰģҿýƸȢš
һôȥֻҪЦˣ˽һ˻ҪýƸʲôģ
Ҳˡ
ͷųôһ仰ʲôýƸģԼҪʲôǵòģȴֻǲ޸Լˡ
.

İʮһ£

ϾԼǸôѲϺӲֻ׶ϾϵǸõ˼ңֻͲôն˵ˣ
ҾҪȢ㣡
˵ôһ仰Ҳر󣬵ǻǼᶨִȴܹоġ
ʹһˣ÷Ҫ޸õ˼ңϵҲŹ
˵ʲôֻԼһȣһĶһڻѧǿ˰
ƿκһ㲻ƲʵôԴѾܾˣòôװݡ
˴ã㶼촭ŷſܲµı庢һ˯
ֻԼˣһʵ۵Ĳ˱˯ˣǰҹû˯⣬ӶǸոζ
˯ţһߵҲǺ˯⣬Լصıãκûһ㷴Ӧ֪⿴Ķ˲ˡ
Լı򱨷ˣԽûӦԽ꣬ΪѾûкú˯һˡ
ûãΨһϣͷˣͻȻ뵽ǰ˵ΪԼȢϱ£ʵڲȻȢɣ
ԼҪӾˣ뵽ɾ͵µ˯ŽûŮ˵ζôôˡ
ڶ糿ɶȦ˸磬ԷʱһȢϱ£ȻǸ˵Ͷϲ£
ϱﻹ˵ȢϱɵúúѡһѡȢһĻؼˣҪȻӾͲùˣ
ȢϱʹڸһһأŮУ˼ƲĲӡ
ͲĲ඼ˣͲĹҲеëģﻹҪ֣һʱ֮ɵĻ»е㼬ֵġ
ýǱﻹ˵ɾӻĵģ˼иŮͲˣһ굽ͷҲɵ£˭ϰ
һߣ÷˵İȥӺһ£ĺҲ۵Ѫ˰ɡ
.

İʮ£

ͦӣ÷˳ӵİָ㿴ˣ㲻ڣֻ
÷˼ǰԼĿĸϾǲԸֿԼҪֿӦû취ˡ
дںֽϵĺϻʱûӦ֪һ죬Լʱеף
÷żɽݺϻҲˣһ𲻻ϺӵģǰҺͿû
ϺӣٳԿ࣬Ǹ϶ǲеģĸڻ⣬Ǻ룬ѡһ¼ˣ
죬ȴ֪˵ЩʲôԼֺ㲢ôõĺϻЩ˵ƭдİˣô浱˰£仰˵ɢɢ
ֽдĽ׼׼Լ˹֪֮˳ҵҲԲ㣬ٸҸʺĹ
ͱ𵢸Ҽˣ㿴ʲôسа̣˵׬ӻܸмҵı𣿺οǸﻹر𲻺ϡ
÷ԼŮǿһۣЩﳤҲ£ϴɨʲôĸǲ˵һ
ϵĺֽ˵ȷܸЩмҵ˱ȣõоȷǲϡ
ֵҪĵزˣǡǲߣ
÷Ҳ˵һӾҪ¾վǰһ仰˵Ҹʱúÿһ£ñҵ̫ˡ
˵ŮͷҲصˣһʧǵӶͷʳĻæŶڣҲûôע⵽
һֱҹžҪ˯ŵ룬ԼΪʲôߣȥõӣһֱҹܽԼ᲻ߡ
ģȻ÷ǿӣԺͲʲô׬Ҳ㹻·֬ˮˡ
ͷĶ飬ӴһϣͲˣ˰ɣԺú׬Ǯҵ϶Ҳеģ
ЩŬã»һ⡭
.

İʮ£

ͷϸʵ뿪ңȥҸõ𣿡
˯ˣѹĻһҹ糿˯ûоԼͷʹ
һҲ¶һҪ£ͬʱҲ׹ԼƺһʼûΪɷְǰԼ׬˼ͭ塣
ҪӣҪ취׬ӳԱԼȷܿˣԺ󲻻ˣȥ˶棬·ʲôģ
ڵ£ԼһҲС
Ҫ𴲵ʱסǺñ˵⼸ۻˣúЪһ죬ȥ̰ɣһ˿Եģ
Ҳôۡ
ҪʵʵأҲֲ⣬ЬӸøȥ˷ջš
ŲȥͲԼǱȥȳԼϣȥҲܰ˲ǣ
ԴҲǺεģϱô죿
·ߵһ룬ͻȻŤͷһۻɵ˵ǲʲôңҪﲻȥ̣
ЩЦãʲô£ֻǲ̫˶ѡ
ŶһΪڵ̲˸Ů˲Ųȥأ
뿪ЦĿҪ˵ظˣǹҲһˣ϶Բȥ
ҡҡͷҲûԼˣӾôӹøãҪмҵˣҵ̫װûеĻƼҲҪûˣ
˵̵ǳãڼĵĶۺˣڶ÷ƺҲ֪ҪôŻ᲻ֿԼ㡣
Ϊʲôصģҿңʲôأ˵˵
һ·ûǰ˺͵·Ͽˣһ쿴ųģںӶȥѧˣسҲûʲô£ʲôɷģ
ʵ벻ֻѯһ
˵ҡҡͷǣȥȻȵ˵Ƥ˵ɣ
ȥߦƤ㲻ϲߦƤ֮ǰһֱЩģôҪɣ
ֻĪȥǱţҰƤߦ˵ýЪŵġ
.

İʮ£õԤ

һĺʺţǼ˵ǣĲۣΪʲôҪЪţ㵽ô
û°ֻͻȻ˼ҵϰﶼԺֵģ̫֮ˣҲһһ£
Ȼ˵еǿ㻹ҡҡͷҲֵˣǵһʶ𣿿˵ϻˣϽߦƤȥһҪϰˡ
˵Ƥڣ÷ŵһߣЩһٸҪĵģ˻Ͼæת
ȻҪԼţĶе𰡣һͻȵĲͷ˾ʧüǮأ᲻á
ʵš㣬ټϵ˵ȷԽԽֻ࣬һɻϢֻˣʵڲоֺˡ
Ǵæ磬˳緹ʱǳװֱ˯۵̱ϣпղܳ緹
ԵľԼİӵʲôģİԵĽζˣ۹ۣôǰ׬
ҲΪǷЪһˣûŹһ÷͹ߴԼʱÿڿаӣ
ԵЩڣ÷϶϶Ƕˣɵȥ˵Կ࣬ô£
Ϊ׬Ǽͭ壬ܰʱԣֻܴջų԰ӣһҲˣԺⱲӶġ
ĸף㲻ڼϢôˣ
÷ĳоͦɻģϴθż찡Ȼܵôڿ죬֮ǰҰĺ£ʶһۡ
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ֲõԤУȻ÷һ仰˵¿ǵôˣеĻǾ룬׸һҸõģ޹ȥģ
δҲ̫˰ɣҲԸټ޸κˡ
÷ͷʹ˵Ծ˺ܶࡣ
ԼŮ÷ʵ㿪ʼǲ׸һҸõģôͲԸأر˲Ŷ԰
ˣܻܲҰִţҵ鲻ҪģúõģΪʲôҪ밡Ҹɡ
.

İʮ£Ѳ

㼸үүˣڴ겻ɢĸ°飬ڻж÷Ͳֵģ
ʼԼö÷ǶԻǴˣǰڼǵҲûĹԼ飬Ȼ˻ǲŰ
Լں԰˹ס̣Ҳǳɹۣôô°
÷ָһһ˵Ҹ㿴ǳԿģҪĸöʡ͵ĵƣôã
ǰЩڲźõķ淢չҪģؼձȥҲô࣡
˵Ǻܿ÷·һ˵һԼôΪ룬飬ǱԻˡ
Խ÷ԽҪ룬Ҳ֪Լڸ˵ʲôûãɴŤͷʵûУ׺Ͳ룡
Ǻ룬ڵٸϱҲȥͲõ飬αһֱǿأ
ʹ÷Ѿѻ˵ݶˣǼᶨҡҡͷҲҪ˸ϱҾҪ˵ҳԿࡣ
ھؼЪţԺܣʲôòģ˵ûҵҿԼƴֻҪʱ䣬𣿡
Ҳܴƴҵǵ㼸ʲôҲŪծۣʱʹ˾ͲټˣҲ𵢸ˣɣ
÷ҲҪŪɢ˵ʲôǲŵģ϶û£ֻԿࡣ
 ܲܲҪȡˣ֮ǰһֱͣںòԶԶģӰһָ飬Ҿ밲С⣡
ǲҪҲԶԶĲ⣿ǰҲôΪ룬ҲΪҲ̫࣬˵ȥĹձһֱ˵ͣ
Щôһһ˶ôѲأ
˵ԼͺˣԼʲô˵Ǹ˵ʲôҪʲôʹԼ
÷㳳Ķһ£̾Ůȥ˵С㣬ҲΪã㲻Ҫôˣ
ΪҺãôԼ벻أ˵ʲôҪʲôˣڼ޵бˣ˵ʱôûôǿơ
.

İʮ£

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ֻ㿴һۣȻһ˵ĸߵȥʲôʲôȥĶ
Ը⣬÷ͿһӵģʱֻӵƲۣ
Һ𣿡
۾㣬ĻشȻʲôû˵ҡҡͷ˵ģľٶĴʯͷˣ
Ȼһ˵Һò׬˵̣ôܾôߣǰװױҸøʲôʲôȥȺĸ˵顣
ָʹȥȻԹԵȥˣߺŶԶ÷˵ûҸһ˼ңеôҵĻܸҰװ׸ɻ𣿡
÷Ļҭһ£һʱû˵֮ź֪Ļص˼ҼﶼѾС˵ģҲֲɡ
Ȱֻýһƻſվŵֻ˵ɣҵʲô˼ңȼһ£Ҳˣͽϼһ棬ʱΪʲôϺģ
ⷬö÷Цʮֿ϶ЦϼһоͶ˵ˣױ֤˿϶ϲģͻȥ֪ͨһسϱߵ
Ͻ߰ɣ
ŸȥĶ÷ֱ̾һôôأҪµӣôҲõ˵ʲô£
÷ͲԼ˦һǮ߻ᱻǮ𣿹ǲ£ƺһֱ˵ϸ֦ˣЩƺҲϡ
ܲˣοҲر˵ŮӰԼֲǲûҪҪΪ˱˵ӱ˵ĭ
ҪȥҲȥ
һ̤ԵĻʵ˵ֻǹȥ˵һҾԲ޸Ҫٸﲻˣһȥɣ
Ҫ÷׺òþͿˣĻܽ÷鷳ֻϣԺҪٸԼˡ
.

İʮ£޹֪

˵һȥ飬û˵ͷͬˣʱûٶָκ顣
Ĺִǿ㻹ͷһؼҲܣôͣ뵽ҲûԸڵԹԴţ
òװҹѵһأسϱߵСűȥˣ÷˾վźˮ
ҪȥʱҲһ𣬵ȴ÷£ʾģǺһ㣬ûҪ˼
ͷһֱǸˣûԼûԼĺÿ޷ǾǱԼǮ뵽Ͱ¾ģԺһҪ׬ӻˡ
ϵ㣬ǰĵĲôΪö÷һЩ飬ӲͷƤȥ
˵ȥǱߵĽϹһʱ˵üͷ΢壬ԵĲԸȥǱߵĽȫ鱦εĵ̣һȦ͵ٺöӡ
ӱŰ취ѣ÷˾ͷ϶죬ϧеԶʼʲô
ֻǼǶĵĺܿģʼǲƭģˣ
Ȼû㿴Լſڱ˵ȥǱߵĵ̹һ䣬Щλ𣿡
Ҳû㽫ϵóϣȻ׺Ǹ˶ʲôˡ
ֻϵӵݵ÷ǰ˵ĸ׿Ҹո˵ȥǱߵĵ̹һ䣬һӣŲȥ
Һ˵Ҫȥʲôû˵ȫӶˣ𣿼˲ǮûǮǮõǾ˼Ҳ㻨
ͬģҲû־ûжٻܰӶҪʲôԼҲ㲻˰ɡ
÷һ˵ƿԣӾԼŮеһ仰־̡
ڶ÷йˣɷ֮̾ˣԭ˼ǲҪŮģ÷һֱ˼Ѿ˵˲Ҫ˳ɹ׵ġ
Ƿֵ磬Ҫ޹ȥ˲ű˷֣ܹþ˹ˣ
.

İʮ£Ļ

һ־ôĻ÷ƺʶԼĿвʲôˣһʱ֮ĺܳĬܰ˵ģȷûʲô־ɡ
ҲһôϱǱסˡ
ؿջ·ϣʵҼǵ㿪ʼǺҵôлֲˣǲǡ
ǲϲԼԼˣֻ˵ŶֻǵĲޱ˶ѣǸ˿ǹŰĺܡ
ҪǸԺŶ׳֮»ȽϺãһԼ⣬Ҳʲôο˵ȷզΣ
Ҫҹһˣ
Щˣ룬ԺӳأһᷢʲôҲҸ˵ǣһֱֳĬ
ⲻȷ̬Ҳʱû˸ոյ˷ܣе㲻ףΪʲôһĸ˶۵أ
Ĳ˵Լ⸱ƤһǺŵģÿԼͬͬ˯ǶԼʲô뷨ûУ⵹ú֣
̶÷һѾ˲ʱ䣬صջʱѾˣ˶ʲôҲû˵ֱ±ˡ
һߵǳܲиԸ޸ɵŮˣҲֻһ۱ҲŮǰ޹һˣҪȢ
û취ҪȢȢɣǼŮƯýƸٰʮͲɣ˵ǰ˰˴˳ͼ
ֻ˵˳˵˵Ǳ߲ɿڣ᲻ôӣӱǾǾţһë
ɲԸ⣬ⲻԼĸֱŤûԣŷ˸͹ȥֱ˳
ҲܣҾҪȢǸȢҾͲˣҲûʲô˻ټ޸ˣ
ɵ޶˵İϣ첲Ϻݺһѣݺݵ˵ͷûãҪܶ׬ӻۼôƸ񶼳𡣡
ʹüһԣͬ˻Ҫϵû֪Щʲô
ͷѷ˷ŵϣԼĸʵ簡ԬҶô˰㿴⻹ȱȢɩӣҪȻ
̾˿ҸԬӻûر֣ϵҲǰ˰벽ҲǼû취أҪҶҪȥ϶У
.

İʮ£һ

¸̣һ˵Ҳðӣ˵ˣɼ֮ǰ϶вӵģûͲȷˡ
ҲΨһǮ·ˣԼҲ˵ĸ֮ǰôԹ㣬ҶϵֵôӲǲҪ
ߣô꣬Ҫʮôˡ
ô˵֮ǰ̬ȣҲȷλܲõӣҪ֪ôҪӣǰЩͲôˡ
ҲǣǶˣ֮ǰЩӻҲǰɣ
ֻӣһһƺνҲĻҲȲ˶ʱ䣬͵ȥسҪȥ
ô˵Ҳܰ˯ȥˣ˵һ𲻸ˣЩ˯ȥسǸҪӣʱȢˡ
뵽ǸŮ˷欵֫壬ɾͿҪˮˣҪھȢؼá
ڶ峿ڳæӣһϤԼ֣üͷһ壬֪ν¡
ǳȥֻ߻ɣĸһģһֱһֱŸȴȣ
վһ޶ԣſڱ˵ˣʲôûһܹӶ𣿻õԵĹ
ڻ磬Ӷûأһν£
վŲôأˡ
һ߳Ҳ˳ĸҲû˵ʲô˹Ҫʲô
ֻ˵ȻҪһµģҪȢˣƸ񻹲һ㲻Ҫһ룬Ͼ֮ǰǰϱˣҪȢףҲݶˡ
ɻȢޣ
ʶƳһۣĻ컹ûôˡ
Ҳע⵽Ŀ⣬뵽ϵ飬޲ȥ˺ܣֻʱһ£
֪²ֱӿżɽ٣
ƺѾӳĳһһʳָ
һ͹ˣ
ѾˣǱƸҪʮˣҪӵĻ°ķһЩݳϲҲҪЩӣֱӸҪһˡ
.

İٰʮ£

һӣŮʲôݣʲôӣ˭ǵҪôƸҲвһ㣿
˵ʲôֱըˣسҪһٶͷĶôӡ
ĿҲЩ̫ˣһ˼ҪƸòô࣬϶Ƹ˵ˡ
ͷҲûôӰʱڸղô࣡
ǿɲܣϱﶼҲҲû˵ʲô͸ˣڵôģղ㲻ȥٲþȰ
ﻰ˵ɣ˼Һòµô˵ء
Ҳ˵ʲôͷ˼ô죬˵Ƕʮҵʱ򻨵ӲҲôھˣպĪҪἰЩ
Ȣϱ¾ˣһôأôҲֵһҲô˵òȥ裬ʱȥ衣
̬ȺǿӲǮģһģΪһڷԣ˾ôǿƣ
㿴ȥˣߵ˵ǲǷǵİĴδӶˣꣿԵǱ㺣λʲôɽ亣ζֵôӡ
˵ˣǷǵģҪǵţ
⻰˵һ㶼ȫӣȢˣ
һŵʵܣһ˵ӿԸǲ׸֮Ǿ˰ɣӴԺҲӣ㲻ĸס
͵ԼǷİɣҲҪˣպҶ˹ϵҲ鷳˰ɣ
ҲúܶİɣûôˣһӻһǺֵõġ
ʵûʲôҪǵˣǸԵĲǺҲȻѾ֮Ժ
Щ˵ȴֲٶ˵ʲôٶǲ⣬ô˰
ֻǵССݣȥôΪҸ˶٣㱻ǳ
Ӧɱ㼱Ҵ˵УͰ˵İ죬ץʱҴһǾ壬ԺҲҵ϶ˡ
.

İٰʮһ£ѹС

ԣһǸСĿҪһʱﱸ
ôһ˵ɲˣ˵ӽ쿪ʼ㣬Ҫ֮óһңҪȻͷҪʱǵҲøң
뷨УǰӦʮ֮ڴһһĶô׬ģİӣȥ׬ҲͼӰˡ
˵ʮóһӵѶȻͦģҲûʲôѣ趼ûܽ裡
õŵɺˣһ˵ôܴӦʮóһأϻжû
첻߲ݵӣҲҪһ²׬ôӰô̵ʱôŪôӰɣ˵ˣûҪҪӵģ
㿴ЩżҲ֪ȥĶ׬ôӣǺ򶨵İοİɣҿ϶а취ģֻҪԹԵžͺˣ
ĶȵˣǻسϽӵİɣҪȻòµĵ̾Ҫزסˡ
ƺҲʶԼոմӦ̫ˬˣϾ̲ƴĳɹûʹʹӦòһӾͰѵ
ȻóһʵѣҲѹżˣôøøǸǵ˿ʼˣ˵仰ĹûС
ֻܵٸǸΪò׿˵̾ܰӹһ㣬˭֪ڵѹҲǰС
ǰǵĶǣºò׻Ͷɹôûˣ겻ûУȫָ̳Էأ
Ϊ֮Ҳǵµʱ򣬻ǵ취ˣ뷨Ǹɴ಻ӣ˾һ
Ұ˼˵ʱѾˣʱˣһȫûҪ
ֱƸ䣬˵һĴӦƫƫ㻹ԹۣæͲ˵ʲôˣ
һһҪúȰȰһ˼ִܹȫȰ˵źá
ӵʱʱǵٵʱǰ£˵һǾ仰ǿԲģ
.

İٰʮ£

ǰ˵ĻǸû㵱Լǵһߣһڷ͹ˣʵ㲻ж
Ҳûˣȥ˼кĸһȥǵģһҲһٱ
㣬ǸʱҲģԵķͲô˷ֵģ֪ҸոմӦɵ̫ˣûпǹĸܣҸǸ
ǵ̵⣬ôͲأҾǾǶûʲô飬ǷģôǷÿ·Ƿÿٱ
øеѾɴ໻˸˵˵㣬ôи·óԵĳ
ûаɣôǸԵĶǷֵһ𣿿϶ֵɣŷҪͷ֧ػǶ㻹𣿡
۰Ͱ͵ĿϣܶԻ·ǸĲһ
˼Ǻ˵㣬ûôԴĺӵģľǺݺݴһ٣ü첻ԣ֪жٺΪˣ
ҾԼѾˣǻڳԵģһܻڣúûű·óԵʲôĶҪˡ
ЩǵͷԱ˵ûʲô£ʱرܸܣ㲻֪ô˵ˣ
ǴСĻͬĿһ£㻹ʵȥĺӲ˻ģ
ҡҡͷʵصҲûпҼǰĻǲٵġ
֪˱ֱ߲ӱģ
ҵģǸһҪ
ͬĿǱϴˣԹҪܣǲǻеĳԾ͸ϿԣԺûóԾҪ֮Ļ
˵ҲʵеĳԲԵȷҪӣ
治֪˵Ǵ˵ɵôôʵͽˣһȰɣôˣʱҲŪôӣ
Щ֪˵ʲô̫ʵ˰ɣҲѹ۸۸
ѾӦˣַʲôˣԼ취׬϶ѵ̱ס㲻Ҫˣ
.

İٰʮ£ǿ

гǿ㲻ǲǣ
㿴ֻǹִĿԼԼ뷨ı䡣
ȻҲ֪Լ˵ٶ඼ûУ˵Ҫɣ˵㣬Ҳˣ
˵ܵ棬˵ǲܣôܲܣǸɵӶʱĶŪôӣֲǻˣַۣ׬ʮӻˡ
ǲǷİԲŻһֱĸ鷳治֪ɶʱǸͷ
ΪҲȰԼҪ˺ܾҲûȵԼͷǾԼûƷУ
˾ôսͷҲ˵ڳæµţһ仰Ҳ˵ҪʲôԼã಻ñ˴˰æ
Ҫӵ飬İŹţʹҲûб߳ͭ塣
ô˵ɣ̾ʱãʱǶԹˣϲ˰̣ǹ·ˣ
רӳԵҲǼ·ˣΪʱ䣬ԶҪ԰ҲڽֱߵС̯
ʵûжĿܣֻİ취ʲô취أ
׬ӣɱ¸ûʲô룬ҪҪȥ÷Щӳ
ǰͶһ֪֮أӵʵڲ̫׵Ҳû̫Ľ飬óȻȥҲá
˼ȥԼӰɣµʱ򿴿ӳʵ׬ֻ˽ˣȻܲѵ˰ɣ
¶֮ҲǴȥҷݻɣټϰ̵룬һҲǿ̸
ҹ˯ŵʱȥһɣʱе̶ˣģҲ̫ȥɣ
֪˿϶ҪˣȻ֪ҲΪԼãǺñӾų˿ջΪʲôҴҹȥ¸أ
Ϊ֪˯ܳһһ˯м䲻ԱֵļʺСټϰڵæһ죬۵ʱƽʱ˯ĸ
ҪȻԼôȥұĻɣϾȫָŰǲеģȻ֪һˣ
.

İٰʮ£ϯ

ȵ׻Ķ飬Ӵ˾Ͳٱ۸ˣʱͻῪĶ˰ɣЩҲǸоĶΪԼϱҲöŬһ°
һ죬ڵӵϾͳȥ˸ӻеǸľľͷеֱӸ˸ɿ
֮һ˸ɺüݹˣд󲿷ֶһ첻˯ʲôе㰾סˣ
û˵ʱȻſ˯ˣЪһ£ˣȻֵΪҲû
뿴˯ʲôʱ򣬽Լһ˶æҲǲ岻Źȥ
˯ʵ֪ûµȥͺǳô£ſһ˯ǰ죬˻û˶˯ĶԶȥ
ѹܵĻصԲϱʵ̫ˣſ˯ˣû뵽һ۾͹ȥôˣ
㻹Ͻɻȥ˵仰ʱһЩҲ֪˹סһе۵ģԾͲˡ
۾û˵ܵջӣԭ˯ŵʱѾԼ˺ܶӵˣܹˣ
ҲѹԼ˯Ǳ˿϶ҲģͷҪҪȥ˸ɻ
ȥĻе㷢ȥĻ˯ûоĻױ㷢֣Լһӵ£
ˣ˯һһЩȥ˸ɻ
Ե⣬ľӪԼҰ̣֪㲻ˣҲ˵ʲôûȥ壬ֱжҪ඼Լϡ
Ҳ˴룬Ϊӵ£Ҳû취ĶԻܸɵɶȥɵɶʵȥЪϢһ
ҹЩʹĽÿסջӣôȥǰ취ͷóпյʱȥسûķݡ
ǷǳʱڣҲסرã򵥵լ͹ˣȶȹٻõסҲ޷
һ˿ƣӣҲûſں˵£Ⱥú˯ɣ
.

İٰʮ£Ӱ

ԼҲۣͦûȵʰ˯ˣҹһƬڣɤӸɵĿðˣ˱ˮȡ
һ¶ǣ㵹ҲĳѹҹѾЩˣԼĸ첲ת׼ůıȥ
ȴȻֱڴϵҹȴӰ
ѵȥéˣ
Ҳû̫Ѵ·ϣȻҲ͸û˱ٶѣȴɹʮůĵطЩ
˵ԼԱ˯ѾһʱˣҹȥĶ
ƿӣڴϵⶼðȥҲûסˣ·éǱȥ
òéʱʲô°ɣ
Ȼҹ˵ˣé˵ӰӶûУȻ⣬ܵȥ
ɻŵһȥòǼһҹȥæȥ˰ɣŰҹȥҲ̫ˣ
ǳ˰̣㻹벻ȥܲܡȥ͵ұŮȥ˰ɡ
뵽˴Լҡҡͷ뷨ƲһߣǼһʵڲˡ
һ·Ǳ߱룬ҲڵСͻȻðȻ˰ȴеɵۣ
ҲһƬڰûа͸Ϲŵ˵ڴ˴ȥ
վſںһҲ벻ȥʲôطЩĵĴңʵûӰֲò۷ؿջ
˵ھѾڿջˣﻹǿһˣˣ˴ҹܵȥ
ȥҲ֪ȥĸңܾܲôɵɡ
վڴǰϣܿӰȻ춼΢΢Ҳĥţòǳʲô°ɣ
뵽ͻȻһ׼¥ȥٸ٣ǰԼҲͺˣ㲻ɵø̾Լͷôٶˡ
ճ˷ţδ¥Ƴ¥ǸߴӰ¥ǰҹδ˭ֻһƣģ
ŵķط䣬Ȼɵϼװδ˯ѣ뿴ڸʲôֻһо߿
ƺֻǿһۣԼ˯΢һϤϤ죬ҲûԼ࣡
.

İٰʮ£Ǯ

ŹֵӵеʮɻҹĵǸɶȥˣԼʹᣬҲûŮϵ֬ζ
ƽʱûκβһĵطҪ˵ʲôͬĵط㷢һǰ˯Ŷ΢ˣ
ֱ˵˯ˣ˯֮תֻʹ˯üҲƣ֮ɫ
Ҳû˯ã˸ȥʱ˫ۣǺӡ
㲻ɫĽһо۵ףҲûдݾߵӣҪҹﵽȥʲôطһȥǰޣ
˶ĲˣʱҲͽ׵Ժ󣬵ȵҹ˯·߲ʱŻȻԼ˯ÿһ㡣
ûʲôԡȻȥţʼҲûֳʲôĴϨӵһͬڴϣ
ĵΪҴ±ӣ˲ʱ㶼סҪ˯ŵʱȴоͻȻ
Ȼѣ²ǵ֢
Ȼֻڴѱſȥţǰδеٶȴ·ȥ
һ·β棬ֻҹľȻܵľУ˼ҿķȥȻ󽫼Ź
㲻óȻŽȥֻѡǽһ·ߣǽͷûüԾȥƼһԺɫ˸ӻ
ǴֺƤɲ⻬ñĹ߽ʰĹ⻬ǿҲۡ
Ƥôʵһѷʲôģһ˹ֶӣôԺļ׳ϵƤεһɶ
ֻ֮㽫˽ŵľ˳ľɵĲӻͳЩӵݸ˵ɵĿӾ͵Ǯɣ
Ҳ໰ӱæȥ㿴üͷ壬ôҲسһλƹˣǸľһʹ˵Ŀᷴе
ۼҪԶϽǽͷϵĻҳıȥ
ˣԭҹĲ˯ΪôӣûҪؿջ˼һﻹҪȥĶ
.

İٰʮ£ɷ

ֻһҪȥ˸ɿصĶҲֻۣΪЩӣЩɵе
˵ʵûҪôˣǲȰһ·ߵڣ㿴еۣҪǿ˲ز
ûڵæǰæģҹﲻ˯˻ҪôҲѹô˯ˡ
ôҹ׸˸ɶٻôˣòһӣյӻһ˵ӣ
ȥԼôõôǲָãۿ߶Ҫ¶ǰˣԼ·ϵĻҳ׼ؿջ
Ǹת㿴վԼôһ˲µĺĴּ侲ǹһ˿Ц
ôڿջú˯ܵʲô
ɵӣȻ֪ǸԼģֻԼȻһֱû֣Ҳ֪㵽׸ã
˵ôú˯ҹ˯Ѳˣ˸ҲҴк˵ڶΪƹˣҪ𽵹ĸ˸𣿡
ЩԼüݹ¶ǹĻʱ˵ҲֱĻ
ǰǸЩģǰɵҲԼοܶ׬һЩӣǣͿ徲ˣÿĺܶ˰ɡ
ΪԼڻЩе㶪ˣҲûİ취ʵ⼸Ҳһֱĥ£ʲôӿһ㣡
ǲص㰡ιصǸûҪٸ˺ðɣִȰҲʵ
Ȼ㻹ǲģԸô׬ӸǵĻǾɣҲˣ
¼ջȥ˵ǲܣĶһ㲻ܰ
Ǻܻ˵û뽲ʲôȴԽԽԶֻóĬŸϡ
Ȼôźõ˵жǾԿԴٷ֮ʮŷֵģ֪Ҳ֪ԼϱҲеԼĳɷ棬ԴձǸֶã
ӵĸǽһۣ׷׽Ǽ˸ˣ˼ĸôɷ
.

İٰʮ£һʱ

ȷʵ㿴æǰæȴȻһִģϣܻͷһʵڲֵô
ϧ֪ҲûҪΪֵͣӣأȻȴǼӱĺãҲ첻飡
һҹʱ׼ʱĴӴ·˯űԼϢ뿪˿ջߺ˫ۡ
˫һ̶Ȫ峺˯ⶼûУո˯ģװģյķҲʮΣ
ˣǰǰûôʵˣԼеȰ˵ˣܸˡ
Ҳֻ󳳴ģԼĬǶһ֣˱ȵùۼҪһ·ߵڣҲȥɣ
ԼҲǺóܵˣ֮ǰǶû취Ȼֻܱ۸û뵽Լһ컹ֵܸսĵز
⼸ʵҲۻˣһǵԼϵ£һߣʵִ̫ԼǰƤĥȥȰ˵δʲôã
ʵ۵ĺܣΨһֵοľѧһֱͦġ
֮Ҳ˯£ıȥӵģһܶһЩȰ˵ĻǾû취ֻܸһŬ׬ˡ
صջǿһʱеȥĸԼҪӣʵôѾȥģ
취ҸӿˣҪȻһʱ˯Ҫ˼ͻŲסġ
ҲǾᣬһ߾Բס㣬ǱߣԼøðӸǣ׻˵֮ˡ
ԺֻϱӹϸõӣҲ飬ιǼλѪˣ뵽;ǰֵõģ
˵ôһʱ䣬Ժͻġ
ôԹĴüݹһ׬ӣۿڽϵӻʮҲż
ʱȥЩӻҲ׬ģҲȥúõ˯һҹ֮ǮɣеΣյҲԸȥ
ڳЩǮ֮ûʲôȥ飬Ҳȥ͵֮°ͬʱҲ취
.

İٰʮ£İ취

ӹ⿿׬϶׬ˣҪȥĻҲûʲôܽ裬֮ǰ˶÷⣬Ѿܲˣû
ҲȥӣҲǼǮģҲܺǿڵģһеѰˡ
㵹˵һ׼Ӵղܲѵ˰ӸĸӰɣ˾Զˣ
ҲԲ׷ŹԼʱ̱ȻʧһЩֻҪڣպͿǶС⡣
˻˻£ԼǸԶŵˣ֪İ̶Լҵ̲˳۵ĺأͲֱŸˣ
һֱȨףˣһĻܱסǼҪʧٿˣԶĻпһ
ھʣʮʱ䣬ȥһЩӪʽʣµҲʮҲ˵ʮӣ϶Ǵղģ
ʵڲоȥҶ÷Ҳʮʱ䣬ʮʱڿ϶ʮңʱܶ÷ٽһЩǡ
ȥ̫˵÷裬ʱûʱʲôİ취ˡ
һ춼˯˶ãټҲ࣬ڸͲ̫࣬ҪȻͷʹҪѿһǸջصջϴһѱ㵹ڴϢȥˣ
ϴ˯뻹ûȥǽëʪΪһա
˯գһ˯ҲûУӶʱչǼʮӣҲȥ裬һԼʶ˶Ǻܸԣˣֻþʹգ
ΨһĶԺƲϵĹԼҵСӣжѰֻҪ뵽ԺͻһЩ;ڵֵõġ
ۿһʱȥǷȥ˯ŵ¥һߣҪȻӰ˯ͦ۵ģϢã
＾ҹȰҪ࣬ЩԼˣʱĿջͬڰֻȵĽŲһŵģ
ͦϲڵأϧûбֶñ㱻һҵƣҹСҲ˯ˣȻûȥŵģ
.

İپʮ£סһ

õʵ̫´ŵ¥˯ȥſʲôˣʲô¼ӣ˼ҿջŶĻˡ
֮ĿǼ̧һصӽǶ˲ԼǱģ˵ͷλֵܰҸֵѺ;бˣ˰
Ϊ׵ӽջСɲǣ⼸ʱҲȥĸЪţֻǽȰŽС
СǻѪǲԸģ⼸˳£С鲻ԸģһӸһӡ
Сӣƨƨߵĸ˰ŷȥˣΪ׵˶ǸЦһ£ոȻôĸߴȲ˸С磡
ղʵҲ˲Ϲ۲ô࣬ţҲûȥŴֱӰСʹ
ҲòԵĳԷǣעȫЩϣѺ·ٷʲôˣ⼸϶ٶеҲʡ
صĻ˱ϵˣԼҲʮ˾ģָһֱڵѪ첲кܳһˡ
⺢ӵĸ첲ǵ÷ˣھͲ˵첲λеˣһܱסС͸ллˣ
Ҳǿ֮ĩˣСǰź÷֮˱˵ĺ¥ܳһ˵ĽƺҲˣҡҡͷ߹ȥһص͵
ϸ¥ݣ˷±ϵ֮ϢЩңǶм˵лСֵ˰ҪңҰ¥ϿɾͷѾ
֮Ͱˣлô˳ӵģ·ˣ
Ŀǰ壬˳һӣȴûиһֺ׶ĸо⿴˫۾Ļܸо˺ܺƵģ
ɲǣһ·ӳѾкüֵܱɱʣµľոտܱܲסһ
˵˵ɫԵúѿŴʮ˾һĵ֮ɫ
ֱĵѵܱסһ첲ԺҲˣСֵҲô͸Ѻˣ
.

İپʮһ£

ʵ̫ˣ϶˵첲ϵĽˣصĻ첲ԺҲᶯ
뵽Ǿеϧģ⺢ͲԺ·أôһ첲δ·ɾͲˣ
£Ҫ˭ҸĸԼҺӸǸΣյ飬׬ӶǶ࣬Ūװ߶
ҲʵˣֱһƨЪţҲ˯ţһ¡
ⶢ˰ʱоǺе㲻ԾǶ±Ϣ⺢ӵĺԽ΢ˣûдΪֹѪҩĻ汣סСˣ
ҲǺܶҽ˶ֱӽҩϱ߶ûһҩˣҪȻ϶͸⺢ˣ
ͿһˣôĵȻԸΥǰȥѰҴ򼸸ȫĻˡ
ûһҵ˼Ҫôҽҩ̹ˣҪôǴ˯ҹܣ˼ҵŶûӦʵû취ֻܻ
˵䲻ĻҲܼ⺢һ棬ôһҲһͬԷ˯ġ
岻Ը⺢ӼģҲ⺢ӵĸĸ֤϶úĻȥ
˭֪ͻȻðһˣҲƴȥԼµֵǣȻȺһֱ׷ᣬ˶ڣ嵽˫ȭѵְ
˵͵ڳûһȴ˼ֵܣҲô˲ġ
ֻͻȻһȭϣһϴ죬һε̾ϢҲĻҲΪ
Ϊʦ˱䣬ǼУҽ治һģ˵Ҳûа취ġ
˳Ĭ˰Σԥһ»˵Ҽҷ˵ǶЩҽŵùĻҵǿ԰ҷ˽йһˣܱȾôСֵܰװ׵ðɣ
״иҽܰСֹѪõˣȻǶ˵ıȥ㡣
ʱ㻹ڻܹе㲻˵ģǺӵֻ֮һζøϽŪֹѪҩ
.

İپʮ£

˵нҩʲôĸãֱ˿һͿˣôǼ⺢ӻȥеϣˣǵҲûϣ
һȫܳȥ취ŪҩæˮҪ⺢˿ڣɼǵ˿϶Ҫǲϴɾ϶Ҫ׸Ⱦ
ȻһˮͲϴɾ⺢˿ڵģвѪҪеĵطʱ䳤ûѪҺֱӸɺƤˣ
ˮ˳ȥʱ඼һѪˮ֪ĻΪⷿŮء
⺢ӳѪ̫࣬ʰɾɴͲٲʲôˣ˿Ҫѵ㾢һ£
취ȥŪ˿ڵһµĻȬġ
ͷһԼ˫֣취ֺɱſ԰֪뵽ʲôͻȻȥ̽˵ıϢ
˫ֲɱУ⺢ǵȲôʱ䣬ֻôҩιȥȵסһ˵
˼ǼһһҩĻֱץһЩǷͷжȥȻιǺӣʣֱȥߣ
˼Ҵǿţ֮һҪУǸкӵֱ˿ڱзϣҪȻͺѰ죬˿ڱϾƤⶼ߷ˡ
һôŪģȱסҪ⺢Ҳ󣬿ҲǸɻµˣ˵ܾȾ;ȣ
һȥҩԼҲһЩõҩķŵˮУһֵЩϴɾʣµľ͵ǰȡ÷Žȥһɱʲôġ
һֱգиõİ취ɱֱˡ
һЩ׼߿ʼΪʮ˾˷˿ڣƺоžۣüͷɸˣ
СӸ۵ܲˣһϢˣֱѣͷֱð£ۼְֿס
ҶҪȻ˻òٷһΣ
൫öĶ·йħһ㣬ȻĲҶһûٵġ
Сӷ˿ʱѾǺˣʱϴɾ֣ëԼģһ˳СӰѶͷĺɾˣ
.

İپʮ£̫ǿ

Ƴһ˿ڣ˵ҩǵðʱȣӦþͻö˵ģ첲Ժܲþ͵õ˿ںٿ
Улл˰ҪȻ⺢Сѱ
мĿ㣬Ǽ򵥵Ĵ۱ŲĿ⣬鶼ˣľҲʼ
˯һԺϮҲѶʰһ±ȥ˯̤żǰһͻȻһȽҪ
ֻԼϱ˵Ǹɶô㣿
ҪǻǰҲͲˣؼʱ̣Ȼ׬һ㣬Ŀ⣬ӦҲòӡ
ȻϵǸӣһ£ôǮ
ֻЦԣ˰Ѹ˼ˣֵԺܻ鷳һӣǾŰɣ
治ףݸӾԲյģ㵹Ҫе㲻˼ˣϾԼѰ⡣
ǵ㲻˼Ҳ㲻ʲôˣ׼طȥˣǶ岻˼ЦЦһˣ
ط·㻹룬ҪԼ͸ɻϱеˣһҽ׬һӣ
ھͽʣʱ䣬ҪûҪûܵ˵еѣسطԼǸСӡ
ǲȱģ弱һҽ˸ǸСֵˣôһŮ˼Ǻӵĸ첲Ϸ룡
ʱĻ˿ڣҷϵĺרҵڱֻҲǾͻ߻ˣ÷·׸˷˿ڡ
еҲһ˼ģƺıʲô
ôһغҲ඼ˣۼߵն¶ǰˣ㻹˯ʲôϴȥˣ
Ȼ˵һʱ˯ʱ䣬ôû֣ϸҲÿеС˵ġ
岻ȱӵˣ㱾׬һ㣬κ˵Ļָ̫ǿջϻȥһۣͷǺѾ
.

İپʮ£ξƲմ

۾￴Сͦоͷģ뵱Ҳûлˣûע⵽ǣСӿﶼðˣ
㿴һ̲סɬ۵ˣСӵĿʱЩ̽Խ۲ǺԽòԾ
򵥵˼⺢ӴǸ˼ôˣʱͺ
⺢ӲаûϢͲ˵ˣûɷ𣿾ȻһСӸƵġ
ͻȻ£ôܺˡ
Ӷôʱڴչӣѹûע⵽ǸӿԼһûע⵽Ѿ˴̳ӡ
ȻСûʲô󰭣ҲĻطϢȥˣûʲô˯⣬еۼʵã
ԼΪʺãæһ˵ҲǿɽܵģֻصҾ۵ֱ˯֣Ҫ˯ʵͺˡ
е㷸ôôŪȥԼʳģһʲС֧
ͼԼȲȥЩú˯ȣȻҲУȥҹҲδ˯ţͷе㷺ۣҴñӣ¥ߣҲһЩ
Ȼ¥Ƕһ˱ž̳ӺȾƵ壬ѾЩ΢ﱧŵľ̳ӣű߻յģ
龰̲סǺã̳Ӿ¶ǿôѡ
峯֣¸һڣƲаҲ󣡡
Ƴһ۾̳ӣĬĬ˵ƽʱȵľƿ湻ҵġ
ȥˣԼҲǴţԸҲ
ֻ屧žֺ̳һڲ˵ǣҲûİãϲһںþƣЩѺҲϴˣÿһطȥǱߵɫƣϧϴĺþƺˣҪ϶㳢һڣ
Ц̳Ҳ͹һڣȻЩɤӣһЦôţһ˸ò᲻ôȾưɣ
˵ˣǲôȵģ
ûôƵģҲԼ׾ƣ־ûñȵģ׾ƻǱ˼˸ȵġ
Ҫ˵ƣͦȾƣϧǮ̫ѹӻھϣʵҲȾģ
.

İپʮ£һȥ

֪ҲһӶǱ˿ܻ˽Ǯܹƽȫᡣ
ԼǸĺܲһѹҪǻһǲŽ
ǲа˶ûȾƣһȣҿкþûôȵĺȹһξˡ
˳ʵѺʲôĻᾭΣôǿڳ𣿡
ҲǺ˼ɣſںһھƱصǿΣҪ˭ڣһ˼͸鱦ʲôģͻͷĻ֮ߡ
ǸѺڣЩرصͣΣ̫Ҳôֵܣһ˻漸ܲܰ⼸ڳ͵յ㶼ȷأ
˵ҲǳģֻĶô׬İһ㶼ЩＱǮһģǺӲǸˡ
һûԸôΣյ飬ھ˶ѣҰǼֵ˰ɣʵϳĶô׳ʵɣû취£бֶγԷҲҸˣ
һԵһ޿κΣһԾԾԣҲѧһھƣɵʵôܸѺһεڳ𣿡
ȿȣ
ⷬǺǺһ£ᶼǺˣ˺ðһԼ
˵ֵͱˣȱӵҿŲмӵģôȥðգɲɣ
彫飬Ȼ˸߸ͷȷͦʺϸģʵ̫Σգڳʲô˭
ڵȺ˿϶׾ٵľôưոݣѾλֵڰ·ϣôҲԸһģ
˾ڳߣԼҲ⣬ٴκһΣյ·ˣ˵˴ӦôҪĶǸġ
Ҳҡҡͷֵ˵ŲôȱӣʵϲأҲ뿴ҷΪӵ³üʹȥɣ
Ͳһȥͻزˣľͳ˹Ѹ
Ҫ˵ǰͷϾҲûзģȻԼһܺúõĻʮһȥ
.

İپʮ£Բ

Ҳȱ֣ʱ˼ص˵ɣǴ賿ͳһʱ俼һ£˳ȥһºðɣ
ͷȻûֱӵͷͬ⣬ҲûһӾ;ܾ·ѾԼӻ׶ϾϵȻԼϱӹӵĳˣ
һ˰ڳ͵طԼҪ죬յصҪ졣
ʮҪȷһǲڸ֮ǰϻҪȻǿ϶Ҫ֣һôܶס
֮ǰܻȥǿ϶ϲʵİ취ŪӰɣŪ㣬ûô
ֻͷ˼һ£Ȼ϶ĵͷԶˣӱҲ·̣Ҫߵ·ȽƫƧĻߴܽʡһʱء
аɣúÿһҪҪһȥϾһ˶һݱϲ𣿡
̳Ӹһ£ȻҲȲȣԼһڽһڵĺ
ҲҺ̫࣬ԼҲͺ߰˿֮ͷ˾̳ӣСҹ˳ҪСһԣҲеˣƺȵʵǺ
˾ôһһԣһľǴޣֱɫ΢˲ɢȥΪƺȵе࣬ǵϾ˯
˯ǰ룬ƻǸö˯ŵʱڣҪ˶þܸо˯⣡
˯һȻȥæ
ȻʱѾգͷùʱˣѾӰԼȥ˵̣緹ԣ·ͲҴҵߣ
˯˯ʱ̾һʱֻΪԼУǸʱ˹Ҷ̾ˡ
̵ʱæĲɿǱ˳Էĵĵģ֮æˮȲϾͶˣ
ʱҲ˵ʲôȥһû飬Ҳܻˡ
˭ҲûڣΪ϶вˣ͵ԼأȻ˰Ҳûа֮⣡
Ķǵ̵£߿˻Ҫʰʲôģѹû˯·ϣֻǼһ̫ˣĳԲˡ
.

İپʮ£

̵ʱҲûкϢһϾǸıǮҪȻô׬ء
㲻ᣬҲҲȥˣһøɶɶֹȷһҲûٵʱȥʲôģ
˼ҾҲֻܸ͵ſڣĻȫ߿أҲǿֻ̫ܿ˵ĻͿˡ
ŽӣЩɻ󣬵ǵȵѶ֮ʵôαƽҪ಻٣
Լϵ˵һЩܶЩʱգʱھͲҪٿ˲𣿡
⻰̲סüͷ̫뽲̲ס˵ƽʱҲˣҪˣͷôٶ໨ӷţ
û£ӵ취ֻҪס̾ͺˡ
˵⻰ʱıرƵᣬͷЩңΪҵķ˿𵽶ȻԼ˳
оԼԽԽˣȫ֪ʲô˼ҿ϶ˣԻǾôŰɡ
ضʱǲˣҲ໨ȥһЩ취ӣ
æµ죬ڶȥ壬˳㿴һˣڵľѾܺˣǺܰףһʧѪģ
˵ӶһЩڿջϢЩʱվͻؼңʣ¼·Ӧòġ
ҲһǮ־ˣʱЦ˰׼ȥأû뵽Լˣ
˵Ǽ㿼ǵôˣ˵𣿡
ɲǣҲҪȥĻ͵ʰ·ˣľͲôˣֶûã彣ŷˡ
˵彫ĳ˳ݸֽӹۣҲû˵ʲôˣ⽣һͨҲûʲô
ǼȻͻȥʰˣ⽣ҲżãȷһҾ͹ȡ
򵥵˼֮˷Ѿ˯£ֻʣһ֧ţ谵⣬˷š
ʰ·ôڴ߿㽫ʱһֱ賿ţǰĻͷ㼸ۣ
.

İپʮ£ͦͿ

ȵɫѾˣû˯Աߵˣֻһţ½ҪһȥѺڡ
ԼҲͼʱ䣬ӻƲϵֻԵĿһ飬ЬӶܳѰ
ÿС²ӣȥסʵСϳǰ𣿡
ˣ컹ûǾͶˣǸ˸첲С˿ջԸҶչһ㣬ôˣ
СùŹֵ㣬һģЬӶЩûߣСĬĬק֣ҺһЩ
̧ͷһɫѾôʱ䣬϶ܺԶˣ˴ʱܴ㶣ʧǵģ
С㲻֪뵽ʲôת¥ȥ֮ǰǸķ⺢һֻֻ·ôʱͺ˶䡣
ˣôʱˣʲô𣿡
ɬĿһۣƵİԼûõ·Ѹٵĸˣֻ˿һۣȴһǱᱡһ
㣬ջЩĶڳȥˣյĶ
΢΢΢һ㶣漴ΪλĲҡҡͷصҾͲ֪ˡ
ǵһθŴڣ飬յֻд֪ǾǸĶЪǾĶЪ
˻棿㲻εĿǰˣܾںԼ㲻Ļûбȥʣ
ܲɵӸżʶһȥѺڰɣһǿô죬ǲȭŹġ
ûǿǸŵùǼһﶼһ¾͸˼ߣ˼˻˼ӡ
⻹治ûܵģϾĸߴҲͦͿ˵׼ͱʲô˸ˣ
Խ뵽Խа취һ
ҲˣԼתߣ˻·ȥ㣬˸
˵ķ䣬ܳ˿ջͨ˴Ľֵ֪ĶȥãȻڿջſվ˺һ
˻þȻȺУ۾ȷǻ
.

İپʮ£

ôееֻ￴ʵ㰡ⶼôڿջҶڵſڵҲֻ㡣
ʲô°գˣҲ֪ȥĶ
⻰ɰѻ˵ˣһʺŵı鿴˵ɶˣȥűȥѺڳȥؼ
ô˵İ˵ǵԼһæҸæҽ಻ʮҲǸƸǮ֮ǰϻ
Ҳ֪ȥѺڳȫԼ͵ܵģҲ֪ʲôʱ˷ţԼôˣ֮ǰûһ¡
ֻۣ治֪˵һʲô֪һＸæ
ͻȻǰ۵£ʱ׼ԼȥѺڳ˰ɣǰڵһЩۣʡڵʱԼᣡ
ֻ͵ǸʱѾʼΪ뿪׼ˣҲһЩֱӰѻﶼˡ
ʱôûвأҪ㷢ĲԾ϶߲ˣһôΣգǸ˳ʲôҲûмģ
͵
ҪȥѺڳҲһ£һ·ǿô죬ǿŸߴһЩƽʱû书ʲôİ
żæŵģҲʶ鲻Ծʵ֪Ѻڵʲô飬Ҳе㲻˼ʣԵԼûʶ
ԵһɵģʱҲʲô˵Ĵ£οȥ죬⼸ŵˣ
Ҳ֪ڿ϶سˣҲҲ֪ĸˣֻİο㣬Բµģ
Ѫ׼ӵģû뵽ûô򵥣һҲԵᣬӲһš
㲻ľôȥѺڳջǸʲȥڻ˵û취ˣȴ뵽ȥſسŵʿ
˼Ķô˵ģһسĸſڣǰһ飬Ӷ˲٣سŵʿôǻ첻ڱſʵǵȥ
.

£Ҳ

յĵط㲻֪Կ϶ȥˣҲƥȥ׷
ôƲ˳ſڣɱȥ㻢ҲһļɫҲȥˣ治֪ԭҲġ
ǳǵ·ϾͳôһĻһƯŮɱһͬŸɫŮǰŮͣһ㣡
·ͣµģ֪·ɶˣǰ·϶бĲ·ڣÿζѡԣ߹·
ҲˣֻοȻȥȻȥ϶ʮİܹúõĻͻˣ
˵ˣôֿտյȥ׷ǰˣ¶ȸֻܴ»û߶Զ͵öˡ
λﶼðҲȷǲĻԲܾôȥ
ԾɴĿǰ·ɴֱһȰһ߰ŵʱһְֱο
صջһŻȰ㲻ȥѾԶˣܲҵ˵
Ҳȥ˱ĵطسǵô죿᲻ԼﶼҪˣ
˵Ӷ£ȱĺ죬Ҳĺӣϲ˵Ҳô룬Ϊ˺Ҳܾôȥ
һϣڶһ绢ʱ״̬öˣǱЦݰˣһҲȥǸҲֻŲɣ
һҲæڳӣ˸˶˰ӹȥĻø˰˳˰ʲôߣҪһ£ꡣ
֮ǰԼһǺæˣһŷǰЩСһѹֵһ¡
֮ǰӦҲûۣ˭֪ôã̴ʱﴸԼǵĸ첲Ľ˵㰡㣬ʲô鶼ܸ㿴Դ㵽ԺӹԽĺˡ
ɱ˵ѺڳΣʲôˣҪҼôϱҾҲøϲӣǰر𣬲֪ĻΪ˭ҵСǧСأ
.

һ£ۿ

ٿԼҶӣѧôһƦζֱûȣӵΪﻹǺܿЦء
Իһ۵ģҲǿһЦҲ˵ʲôˣǰ߻ֻҪŬҲܹĺӣǽ컰ٵĿ
ȻҲע⵽ĳĬԣ˵ǻﻹҪི£ҪȻôҲǰ취
ҹòƣصջڴϵһô۵ʧˣôһˣƺӹ϶ůˡ
ոƣһʧߣҲ˯ţ۾һվͿʼεˣѪģ
˷ֱʱҲδܰȵ˯һᣬۿɴඥʹȥ˰̣һæоԼҪըһ
æȰ㻹ǿȥϢһɣҪۿˡ
ȷۻˣҲûиʲôĸȫ֪ʵǺģԲܷĵµССȥϢ
ҲȷûʧС¶ĸļãҲһѵϰĸоﰵ¶ģԺԼҲҪһҵ̣
æµʱʱǹĸĿ٣Ĺ˿ͣһѵӵɨɾ̤ϻؿջ·
ʱɫѾ󰵣̧ͷĻܿպͺɫƣôһ仰ɫĺƣҲ˼Ҳ˼
𣿵ĸسǻǳǳˣ᲻еһ͵Ѫùǿˣ
룬զҲǲܵ飬ϣรɣɱȱ첲ȵĻˣ˵ֱӾĶˡ
Ͼ˶ջһΣʱǻĴǺôأûҲñ
ؿջ·ϣĶ᲻ôôûʧǵģҲ̲ס̾һ
ƽʱҲ뵽һ˶ʧȥ˰ɣһżʹظŮ˻
ŷ߻ĻֲԼˣжɵŻżܸƯӲҪŮ˻ؼҡ
.

£Ϲ

Ϲİ
СҪ򵥵ķˣٷûôúóˣȥôܵˣﶼȰ˵Է˵ˣ㻹ûڣ˱Լ˹
ԸԷ˻ҲǸ˵ģ̲ס˵ͨ˾ͺãôҪԵİҾ˵㲻벻
Ҳ°ϲҪչءǿЦһ£еĿ׷
һĻĻЩܣֻԷԲæЩ߲ˣǧܳʲô£ҪȻӿô찡
һߣ¹һɽд㱼߼佫ڵϵĿҶҶ졣
һһֽŴδʵĳ·кü˺ĵطɼǰ˷ġ
Ҳˣʱ˿ڴѾûѪҺ˿ڷǵû˾ѿ·ɿ챼ߵƥƣһλ۳ɳƣ
㿴һĻȻҪþȣû뵽ʵͽȻչֳһ档
ɽּƶʱ۾ûţĴѰǵӰǰһڳԷ˶ڣԼ跨һЩڳߣ
˦ЩˣҲǵټˣµļǺɽбʧˣôǺá
ҲµıҲټǰߣֻսͣٱܣһ˫ɨȥ
ֻǰԶҶһ鰵ɫĶһ̷ǰȥ鿴һ̯ɫĶʲô
²һһδȫɺԵѪһֻѪһֱǰӣ룬ò˰ɣ
뵽˼ųѪ׷ѰȥĿԶŸ첲ǰߵĸߴҲ䱸
֪Լ߲죬ֱӲһøߴľ󾲾ŴĵطֻһֳֽѭѪһ˵Ҳ˿
һȺ򲻹һ˼ӰѾǸĹģ
ûʶΣԼѪ˴˴ôûˣͷ̧㿴һӰԼϮ
.

£Ӳ

ҲֽýݣҪȻͱӰ˵ڵˣն㿪嵽ʲô˶ֵʱǰͻȻ⡣
ȥȶ֮㿴ԼԭվŵλϺȻһѷذףʱ͵Ϯʧܵ˿ˣ
ƾһҲҹ׷ɱδҲ̫СƱ˰ɣ
¹һӢ䲻ףԼ˲ɺӵƣǰδʶΪҪɱ磬˫۷źĿԼ
϶ʲôᣬѹ͵ĻᣬԹԵ˵仰֮ٶȳ𹥻
Ҳˣزʶģԩ˽ⲻ˽˼Ҳû˴ҲɵվŵȰˣ˳Լ㣡
ͬʱ˵λˣھֵˣ;ٷͬɢ·˴׷ɱʲô˵ġ
˵ĶǴʵȻǰȸͲĻһеĶʹº֣жĵشȥڶ㿪
˵Ҳ˵ˣ˸ȥǾû취ˣһֱôĵؾһֱѪҺڵϣ
»ǸϽֱȽϺãȻûֻܸӲˡ
֮ʼ֣ȴΪȡΪƷٶԼ֣ԼҲá
ƺ֪ĺ⣬˵ߣұ֪Ļ϶ţոջ˵ʲôھ·˵صˣҪҴĲɿˣ
ҽȣҲֻҪٸҴȥˣȻոǿҲŪԼҲֲʲôˣαأ
죬Īоί֮ǰôԴûйôԵĸо
ոǿһǱҪ϶ģʹһĹʱǲӲӵģĻǰϾ˵
Ҳǵˣ֪Լǰ˵Ķ֣ҪƷҪȻԼܶܲģΨһİ취
ôֱķգƷȻҲͬķգһɹ֮ú֪ܶ࣬ûҪɱ˼
.

£ɥȪ

Ļʼһǰ⺢ӵȷûҪɱԼ˼һʼȶ˼ֵġ
ٶ֣ôվԭأһ˫ɾγĺܣûаɱ߼ıǱ棡
Ǹɾ½ģЩȷ㵱ֻ·˵أΪ׷ɱҶģ
аٻ֮أܸ˰ɣ
оԼ̫ˣΪôԣҲûа취ǰԼĻܾͿ̫ˡ
˵ģҲǿ֮ĩˣֱ̱ڵϣʱҲ˲վһԵˣŤͷͼԼϵ
֪ǰ˷һˣǣȭȻ⿪ˣȥѰԼͬˣƼˮҲԵֻƿҩҪŵù°ɣ
ôߵģϸһе˵ȥԽԼϵҩ͸ˣʵҲǵԼô߻ᴥŭǰոǿˣһʱɱԼˡ
ǰ˴˿̿ȷǸ£ԻǹԹԵһƿҩһɣԼ
ôҲ߶ĿȾģҲʶһЩĲҩʱ취ɵҲӦһ£ûҪǽҩ
ΨһϧžǴʱѾ＾кڣеҶӶøһɶֲʲô϶ѣҲͶˣ
ݹĽҩ˲ûеһʱͽӹǿ˼һ²ŻӹϾҲ֪Լϵ˿϶Ҫúðġ
ӹҩת׼뿪ʱոǿĴ忪ʵСɷҹһ
ȫ˶ȻлСӵġ
Ȼȴԥˣû̱Լ䣬ҪԼˣԼҲûʲôҪȥ¶ҪնݳʲôǾͲˡ
뵽ӣ˼ҹͲòһЩ⣬ڽƮʲôģпһʱɥȪˣ
ٳûлػҲ²룬΢εЦһ£ҲЦĺһЩͼıһԼ
Լûб˼ԺлʱžķͻȻȫܾŰȫĵطߣ
.

£ʾ֭

þս᲻⵽ǸʲôҲ˲ԼϵˣȫĵطȥȻ˫ܲĸӡ
ոոǿ˰ֱԵ޹ʵ׷ɱˣһӱ޳ɱڱĺˣҲ⵽ôһ±һƴӡ
Ҳͣܵ˱ͺܣ׷ɣ
ܵĹؼʱָ̻ڿᴵһ죬ǰɱеٳ
ץļ򣬴һԾ˾׼ȷϣһݣһҵ׷սɽĻ
Ҳ֪ԼƥʲôǴ˽ĺ˦óһξ롣
ȺôʹưոݣƼҾҪ˵Ӱֱ˷𹥻һֱ̧ԳԼļʸ
뿪Сһ㣬һֻоĳ˳ߣͷһýżʸǶ˱С
֪ͷԼɫĳ˵רϽ˦ǣЩӦ
ʵ˱ðⳡ׷ɱͷģû취ҪǲһӣȺ˷ڸҲ·һ
οԼ˳ӣҲȷҪչһ£ֻԼĻ϶Ӳɴ⬵ˣ
Ƕһ˾ƾȫһˣµƥҰǱЩ˵ĺѪҰԣܵҲ죬ǲеˡ
˿˲ϻеĳ񵲼ʸԭӢ䲻ѾԵǱ࣬һĶ׷Ĵ̿͡
βҪȺ˸ʹĴۣĿʱºһЩ£˼ֱĴ˰
εķնȻװðģҲ֪жʲôˣԸؾְָɡ
壬û˼ôֻ࣬ϣԼС𽻴ллˣϾﻹźӵԼȥأ
һ߾Ѿʮĸ񵲼ʸˣͲס˿Ƿż̫డûע⵽ʱļϾͲôһ֧
ʱʾ֭ܵĸһЩҲ֪˸첲ˣ϶ǳŲ̫ʱģԵþ˦Ⱥ˲С
.

£ж

˾ҲôкһټǱǻͷҲûзˣ
ۼȺ˾Ҫ׷ֻ²ߵİ취Լ彣ߣ㽫ذװ˳
Ȼ׾ٵıϣ˻һԼ˿ٵĳԶȥͽһȺɵ۵Ĵ̿ͣԼƤӵܶˣ
ñȻץҲ֪˶ãжԶֻԼ˫ѾӲûио
µôãֱذ׸ͱһ£ۼܲˣҲǰ㶯ûУʱɿˣ
㿪ôˣȴоԼʲôһžͨһµ촫Ķ
ƺԤеʲôŤͷһֻǴѾֱӴϵǸһȥ֮Ҳûٶһ¡
Ͻǰ˷ֻѾɫڣҼλϺȻһ֧һ㶡
ʲôʱеļЩ˾Ȼ˶ʲô
Ҳ˲Ϻ滹û׷ɱû˵ϵˣⶾƺʱɥȪлѰҲҩΪⶾ
ⲻ鲻ҪһŷȲӢ崩Ķ޳УһسﶼǼֵʮӵĶ
ֻһƿĿ⣬ϵʱҲ̲סһΪһ˻ܸԼ򶷡
ǻ϶Щģһһ˶ļȥֵǾʲôƿȴ̵ܿЩˣ

˺ϵһ̥ǾȻԼϵôƣ״ƣλöǲģ棬»ɺϵ飡
Ҳû̫ϣϾǧ治УһԼĽҩ˳򵥵Ϊһƣǲ֪Ǻζ
ͺˣ϶ܱϳкζܹΪⶾһԼеѾˡ
ΪϹҩ֮׼ȥѰҽⶾĲҩǰһ˷ֲ̫ȫֻƣԼȥѰҩݣ
.

£

ƥһµģ˱ϾжϵʱԽΣվԽѡ
ܻҲ̫Զʵ˽ⲻ˶׼ӱȥأ߲ˣҪȻԲͣġ
취һϵĶɣάһʱһʱ䡣
ôŸԼһߴİɽ֮䣬ҲԺãҪһʧɽˣ
ҲǵÿԺãǵ㽲ĸֲҩʲôʲôҪȻͲ֪ˡ
ϾոΪΨһŪٲʲôҩĻ˿ҪӲˣ
Ȼڶ붬ˣҩʲôĳǼԼֲģҰҲʵĲҩ˴죬Լ̱ҲֻҵЩһѵĲҩ
òͣЪһȪˮ˲Ϻһڻø취Ķأķ˴ʱ䣬˷ʱԿ˵촽ڵһЩ
ʱƺʶüͷһֱģĶʹ֮ɫ·żʹһⶾҪǻὫĥ
Լⶾҩȫж˿ڴιľ뷽跨£ȻһֱעĶ
ʵҲûףԼЩҩ֮׻תǻھǷһǲĻֻ˺ĵھмȥ
ЪϢһ£ҲǰɻҪǻɱͶıˣһ֮ûʲôתļҲڴ˶ൢʱ䣡
ۿҰӴԼǰܹûȥ׽ȻӣǱɽͷߣϣͷسǣϵҸ
ҪȻҲûа취ģȻ㽲һЩвҩЩͽⲻϵĶж֮ûǸˣһ
ûԼϾɽĺܣܾôŸߣ˵׼ûҵ˾ûˣҪǻ϶ٱߵĿ죡
ʱ̰ٶȼʱڵϣһ侲ˣټˣ߹ȥͷ
.

£̫

۾ֿģԼʱҲûİ취ǣվ֮ȷܼ֮Žж˷ϣ
Ȼ˸շȥ·ĲͿʼҲûҪȥԻֱӵȥ
˾ţϾҪҲ㲻ʲôˣ
Ȼ̫ˣȺ̿͸ûô׵طϵˣҲ֪ǰ˷Ǹ󣬱ô׷ɱҲͿˡ
´̿͵һǽŵģȻϵ̿ǹһҵģǿҲǷͷж
ʱ̿ҲǼģҪԼ˸ȥǿɾˣʱݵλȻˮǴߣҲһп޵С̿ˣ
̰ģС֮̿ǰֻأΪǸͨպҲûټԼĻ
֣㿴̿ĳԼ߽
ʶľͰǸ˽ңٽүҸ˵׼һС
ĪĶһǾѵģʵںĿɲǰĿ˵̬ȡ
ѵ֪о仰˲ò
һ˿ת˲ŵɱ⣬Ǵ̿Ͷûע⵽˵Ϊˣ̿ͱ׼Լȥ˴Ͽ˳ٰ֡ˡ
ߵǰһ˲ݵʱ̿ӹʣʱ͸ı⣬ǸѾԼˣβȽǰС
˵ɾ͸ɣ̿ߵǰ׼֣ȴɴĿԼ
ɻ֮´̲̿ס˵òǸɵӰɣӸ㽲أôһҲ£Ҳ㣿Ҹʲôٿ۾ٳ
̿ͶݺݵĿ⸱ӵһҲỳ˵ǼٻۼŴ̿ԽԽָ¡
ڴ̿ӽԼʱͻȻ͵һţһî˾ģֱ̿ӱߵ
û뵽Լһô׼ȷ˵Ǵ̫̿ǱѵԵʣ֮ǰǼ̿񶼲ô˶
Ĵ̿ͱߵû뵽ȻôվŪȴԼûûˣ
.

£

ֻû˵ֱӶס̿͵Ĳһֱӽ֮Լˣֻ֪ǰ˲š
Լˣߣһһ֪ͨԼɻ·һֱӼ򵥸ɴġ
Ҷൢʱ䣬˾ɽһͷȥѾд̿ҵˣ˵׼һỹ̿͵ÿζ䲻ȡǵɣϵĶֲ̫ܵá
ŻܣҲû̫࣬ܿһ㣬ȻϾʱ̲ס˻ֱӽеȸɣ
һĻֲ̫õԤУʶϣܴܿһ㣬û뵽Ūɳ׾ˡ
ĶеԸƥĵطȥ̿;ҵǣȻϣ
û߶Զ㲻ˣСҲߣǱԵһ˻һֻ
Ȼ˲Ҳûбİ취Ŀ˾ƫƧСȥߵϾҪˣֻҪȻ˵ĵطͻöˣ
ҪǴĻãСԶӲݻʲôģһ߽ȥĻϾͲҵõСʱ׽ԲؾͰǵط㡣
ؾͼЩعصŮŮطϧڶҪ붬ˣûʢĲݴΪΡ
㣬ô׷ܱϵ˲ᣬֶǽµĲһ㲻
Ψһĺü촽ϵĺڼһЩˣԼõҩˣһЩĶ
ҩͲ֪ˣȷԼԵҩûľͶˣҪȻ˵尾
С⣬ҪôˣΪߵ̫ټѾһһҹûкúϢԷԲˣŸߵļͿʼ
Ȼ©ƫҹ꣬ͷ·ʱһ֧Ϣĳٽӽ
ͻȻоԼȼһ£ͷһ۱㱻ǰϷһ̧ͷһֻһͨ嶼Ǻɫķڲ棡
׹ͷԼСȣ۶ǷڻƣոջֻһµСȣʱʹԽ
.

һʮ£ҩ

һǱ񵶻Ҳֱʹ֪ϿҲͿʲôҩƺʱԽоʹͻԽ
뵽Ҷൢ飬Ҳ׷Ĵ̿;ԼܣٲԼͻܲˣʱ˰ڲˣ
ȻĶܵĹѵصĴ̿ͣټСȴһܾͼӾʹУٶȱƽʱ˲٣ҲûֶܴԶͱ׷ˡ
ʵҲܼܣʶԼСȴʹлܲӾ磬ԽԽȻᱻ׷ϣβڻǲһѣ
ɴͣ׼׷̿һϸ£ʵҲûףϾЩϵ˶ӲյĴڣľ±סԼСأ
ͷԷתĻԼһȡʤοϻиҪһֱţϴֻȡ
ͬʱҲĴųƽ̿ͣƺŮˣζСܶ࣬ϲĶ֡
Է޴ģŮ˿ܻģעٶڶʲôģ뵽ʮֵľĶˣ
˵Ůˣ˼ƺĺܣҲིʲôҪٴϵ뿪
ǲ̫ӽֻԶԶĳͶ㵹գСϵľʹűϵҲˣ
ֻ첲৲ͣͶڶȶƺȫ֪Ƶģһֱ¶ûлܵǿƣˡ
ʵûˣָ̿Ǳ˸ͣƣæ˵ͣס֣ӷˣҪұҸǾˣΪǵðеĶĽҩң
ôһ˲ѱ˽ǵģϸһ룬Լ˽ȥȺҲδܷŹʱֻ˵ǰװ׶
ô˻׳Ľҩôһ̸еĹҲܴҪȻҪˣ̿ͣظӷڵĶ
ֻվмŮһʲôҲ̸Ҫ㱳ϵǸھͿ԰ȫøϻ
֪Լɵ˶ڴ˸ǽü̸У㵹ǵĺܰҪҩĻͽһһٰ̣˽ǣҾͿһ°ѽҩ㣬ѹȲ͵õֻʣͷɡ
.

һʮһ£Ů

˴̿ⷬ˳ǣզЩ̿Ͷ⸱
ǰǸ˼ҽãֱýй̸̣ȶѽ
ɴҲˣɫ˵ȻǲԵܲˣŮûʲô¾ͻ㱳͵ϮҪһʱ죬ǵ֣
䣬мŮӱ㳯ȥεҲûʲôֱһƳؿȥҲ֪ո¶˲ٰ϶ܹûʲô˲Ÿôȥ
ȻϵһĻˣֻȻֱӽŮһƣȻذȴֱӲŮ˵ţôŪһ
¿зӿѪڣͲ¶һģ˻Ҫװɾʹǵģ
еȵĻۼԼͬ鱻޶ԵŮˣɱֶûĵİɣȻֵܱôƵᡣ
֮ǰǸŮǰּ֮һƻµȻǼɵҪ֪ոǸŮ˿ǿġ
򲻹϶ӣ˴һ㣬ֱֶԸĻܴϧ˲ûУ
Ȼ˵Щ̿һŻģһȺӵһûĲһÿ¹ͺýһΪСͷء
ֻŮһλżæŵǰһ˵㲻˵ǰѽҩ㣬Ͱ㱳Ǹ˽
ոǸɵȫĴ²ҪҪȽңҿ϶ѽҩôһֽһֽҩ
ŮҲó㹻ĳ⣬һ㷴ƵģֱӽԼϵĽҩ˳
Ž¶һ˫۾ŮˣûȥеȥνĽҩԼСѾʹվ
ô֪еĽҩǼ٣һñĶҩأ֤һܽ϶ĽҩҲŰ˽㣡
Ůڨڨջֵһ֪ǽҩ϶Ľҩǰ㻹ܾԽһӵ¸ɵġ
ʵȻǰԵĶһЩʳĺӣЩӵҲŮûսթˣĴ֮Ҳ¶ˡ
Ϊʲôس֮Ըо˺ܶԵʣ
.

һʮ£ŭ

Ůӻ֤еҩϵĽҩʱһԵһ̬Ů˺ķЦ
ҪЦˣ ۻˣϷǿС̺ĶҩջȥɣǸ˭ҩУûеģֻжҩ˽ңҰѽҩ㡣
̬ŮӵҲɴ䣬֪δؾͻôɴֱӰϵķԼϻһ¡
ûŮѪۿɼٶȱڣŮȻ˺СͬĶֱԼĽҩ˿ڴ
վԶĿŮϵĶرٽ˻ԼеĽҩʾ˽
ֻͻȻһЦʱ˿ֻۣдԵɤõ˵λʵϣո¾Ե͵ĻͱǸְֵŮƭȻҾ͸ˣ
˾߲ȵͿǳ׼ŭŮλְ֡ŮȻɱ֣ҲŮˣֻҪŮ˶а֮ģҲ⡣
˵ְ֣ԼͷʱŮǳŭˣʱǸеŮ˻ûʶΣ
ֻԼüŪ۵˵СֵܳΣôôȫأֿϧǲǣҩﲻˣȥһطҸƿô
Ů޵İʾҲ治ԭΪֻ˲Żɫû뵽ŮҲ˵ģģĺÿһЩȻ¶׵Ժˡ
װûпŮˣŮȻһЦ뿪Ц˵ֻȥ˽㸮ҾҲ˲̰ģеĽҩܽϵĶͺãҲûòǣ
Ľ䱸ĵҲûǵŮӲ죬ֻЦ˼ͻȻģװа˵ɾ˵ˣôϲ㣬ҲİҼҺóԺúȵĴ㲻أ
ŸԭȫҲȷǲǰŮ뷨Բǣģ±˵ġ
ϾЩ˶ܹרҵѵģȫԼĴĪ棬ҲıбŮأ
Ȼص㲢Ůһ֪⣬ֱӴŭŮӣֻŮӴͳһذס
.

һʮ£

ȻŮûκηҪŮӲŵĵ۾ŶֵŮӣ㾹ҡԼ֣Ͳ¡ɱ㣿
ְֵֻŮһﶼ޾˵Ϊʲôңɱ㣬˴ȥ⹦;һ˵ˡ
ĪĹȣɱʲôֵһᣬΪʲô˵ˣˣҴԸǱɱҲỳʲôģϾذûж
Ҳû֪ŮŮģĿһе
Ҫ˵ҲŮӲͱһ»ûȥҲǸŮذλòֻŮ˳ְֵŮȥ
ﻹžҲһ汳ģʱŮ˵ֱˣһ̫̫Ĳ˻ƣǱɣ
ְֵŮ֣ʱ˾ǴӵĶһ׺ԼĻǼݺͱȥ
Ļ飬Ů˵ĽǶŮƺɱ֮һѪҲͣĶ
һ˶ȥˣеŮûϢŹ˼ҵʬףҲʱýⳡ־ˣǸŮ˻ûعɱԼʱȥ
ƺѾɱۣ˶ħһƺһԵȴˣĻԲô׵ĽŮ˵
ˣԼֵĸоһֱ֮ȥڿû˼ںЩõ϶صĽҩ̷ȥ
һ£ԼĽҩ⻹ҵһźɫСҩ裬ƺǺҪĶһŷСƿ
ĻǺüвҩһζԼòֱѵ˵Ľҩ˰ɣ
аٷ֮ʮİտȷСҩĽҩԼҩڱǼ䷴˺üΣȷнⶾĲҩ֮ιԼϵĴ塣
Ҫ˵ǿԼûʶ˫ȴץļιҩʱжѲȥˡ
¾ԼܶӲ˦˦֣ˣҶûȫҧ׼뿪
.

һʮ£鷳

Ͼﲻ˾һҹûӦЩ̿ˣտʼǸŮ˵һƶҪˡ
ľʹ߲·ֲܲߣ֮ǰΪˤ˱ϵˣòԼϣ
Ҳ˵˫ȥҲӱϵа˫־пˣڵϼ˸ϴֵľΪԼһ֧š
ʵҲ֪ԼڵʲôԼ˻ҪôһһߣⶨȻɵˣ
־ܲᣬϾǰǸ򣬱¹˸ˣֻҪҵ˿һۣϾҽ
쾭ЩеԣĪԼͱһ׷ɱ¼Ҫ˵ò˿ĵʲôӡ
ԼܻؼһͺӴȥѣϾҲЩ̿͵жˣжı£ֻ֪Լǵĺô϶׷ŹԼͶˣ
˼Ҷ˵˵ĵ˾ԼѣĻҪһȫ뿪УҪȻƾһƵҪЩҵˡ
ѾߣӻڼѣΪ֪Լһ۵Ļ׻ܼܲյ̫
ֻ֪ԼأԲܾ˯⣬ӻŻؼأƾִǰҵһҽݣûüȥҴһͷſڡ
Ѳ⣬ԶسǵҲĪķңʲô鶼ɲڵлﶥţҲܹɵ㣬оһЩ
նں˼룬ϲɢעʵȥѰˣǵﻢһæ
ټϻû˹ܣҲ֪ȥľ巽ûа취ȥң÷Ҳϲ޹Ǻӣ㼸ָָ
˵ձ˲鷳˿ԼæķأŴ˵ܽģ÷ѧϰһŮˣ
ƫƫҲûʶģҪȻͲæûչˣ˵˵Ļǿ˼ûģô¡
ȻʱҲԽæԽ࣬ڳæµ˶˰ӲЩ¶˲ϣӶ£Щ°ͻֵˣҪȻæ
.

һʮ£Ŀĵ

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ǰϤϸ֮²֪ǸԼͬһӣ
㻹Լν£˵ҵˣһشһ˰ɣ㸸ȥˣڼû˰ᣬ峤ش㸸׵ĺ°ˡ
ҷ˺ô󾢶֪Ķĸ˵֮ǵûҪ㸸׺úð˼Ҹϳţֻˣ
Ͼʬ岻һֱǰŰ˾Ͳ˵ˣתˣֱӳˣӼʱǺܼġ
ӵһͬĿһ㣬ͦһô̯ôһˣ˼Ҷ˵һշްն÷ٺ㲻밲
˼Сӣô˴ҲûοҲȱǮˣһӾͰ˸ϳȥδ̫˵ȥˣ
һߵСļ٣ͲֱشˣϾ۲ͬǰˣСǲҶʲôԽ֮µġ
Ҳ֪ܲˣļ˵߽ң㰲Ļȥ㸸׵ĺ¸˰ɣӾͱȥˣһڵҲܷġ
Ҳӵ⹫ǲȥҲû˻˵ʲôģֻձͶ÷ҪΪ˲෹̸ˣ
мĿ˻һۣǸ֮ҪǻиƾǸҲҪԲˡ
Ȼ˵ͬСżĺܣ㻹ǵûɫ·õӻȥڱ׶ûأȥ㻹ø
֮ǶһЩǮ̲סε̾˿ۿŸӵʱԽԽǵû׬ڻҪڱϻȥһЩ
ξѺڵҲ֪ôˣȥҲˣûеĿĵء
Щڷ˺һᣬ¥µС缱϶Ҫðˣεĺò׿ҪڲС͵ȥˡ
Сػôòұķ·ˣʱһҲҲȥ
СĸϻشǷ峤ȥس˵ģҵȻҲǴ峤
.

һʮ£Զ

ǰ˼ȻģļȻҲûüʲô֮Ķ
峤ҲЩСϸڵ飬νΪһ峤ǰҲôж˵仰ȥʬף
ֻ峤һ·ãɻ󲻽ʵ峤үүǴȥҡôˣ
Ĵ峤̲ס̾һ⻰ǻ֪ҷʲô˰ɣǷ¶ķĶծȻԼ֪Ķȥˡ
ķҶ˺öҲûȵܻ֮± ֵǮĶծҲûʲôصĶȺܻ֮±㽫Ӹ˸ߡ
ӲʣǽˣȲڷҲܵģǰЩ컹ʲôЩӣҾͰãҲʲôʱûģն
ʵлл峤үүˣǸ鷳ˣԺͰĺ¸ˡ
ЩԵĶԴ峤ʾлҪ֪ǲԸģǸʲôԣ˵ˡ
Ʊ˿һ۶ûɣԴϴҵ˸ϳسǺҲûм֪ʣµʱ䲻ˣû뵽ôˣ
ǰ·Ĵ峤Ҳðʡ㣬ĺǾһдӼɣ˾͸Ͻسǡ
ʡ϶ķ֪㣬⺢׬ӲףȫĶծˣǵҲԶһ㣬ǸҲеģ
ûжĴ峤Ҳ֪丸仰ȵĻձֱʤʵҲֶ÷ûдСͺúùܽ
СʱɵС͵С¶÷òʲô£ôܽձȵҲˣ˵ʲôģҲ򲻹ˣ
ǴһдӼģǱߵ˵һƽʱƵģ˶¿϶Ҳ¶ͷġ
һ㣬ҲԼһ˸ˣҲʲô˵ģ˼ҶͽܻΪ˽Ǯùϵʲôģȫᡣ
ξж÷һֱ뷽跨ծҲԼֵܽãȻǸƢûһܳԼֵܽöԶ͸˵ˣ
.

һʮ£ûи

һ˼ʹϵˣİ¿϶˲μӵģԼĶӶҲ֪ǿԼһֱŵĶôԴ᲻е
ǰȥõ··ԼңԶԶͿһƬ棬ͬϴ峤˵ģǸھֻʣǽǽġ
פ㾲ĿһԺвٷӿǰĶ÷ٿڵֱ̥һ
ϧûõķ淢չıԼȻ˭Ҳܱ֤һֱȥ˭Ȼڶ̶̼µʱͿٵĸļˡ
ʱ룬ʶ꣬Ǻ˽˵¾ͼ޸ǲǲã
ϧڵĶ÷ӶӣԼسǹֽĺ
Ҳû͸ϴ峤ȥãһŵ޵ζùŲȱǵλƽʱ̴㲻˵һֱϵġ
ôζǲסǹŵζ㲻ѾҪ˰ɣ
ϴ峤ָλÿȥֻǸɾĵвϯһˣΪϯߴһֻѾӻ¶档
泤˺üߵ㣬ɫѾƤɫϴ峤Ҳŵõζ˵Ҳ֪ɶʱߵģ˷ʱ첲ȶӲˣ÷졭
ζˣ˵ǰߵģ㵽ǸɹҽĲʲôģƿϯ˿ģǰ·˼ʹһһֱŸȽž;ţ
ֱԵڵƿ֣ϸһ£˻һ㣬в๸ϣǻû˺ۡ
ɼΪԼԭȥģǱծŹʲôģӲ̲ס̾ˣ˱¹ܶ໹ɾٻʲôġ
ûйײģ㻹ָһǰѹײı˶ĲϣȻøϯʬĵز
һæĹǺײЩöѾ˰һдӼ򣬴峤к˼ˣ̧Źײİһˡ
׳С̧ŹײĸТ˫侲ûһˮֻûаԡ
.

һʮ£û۹

֪ǰΪԹŮʮֲãԱ㲻Ҳû˵ʲôĻǴǶ˽ǵ벻Լ󻹵һֱĹŮٳֺ£
ʱԤϵһһֵܽöûҲʡˣȵװᣬ̧׵ļСһЩǮ
̧̫ļ˶ʱæлҪ֪˼̧׿ʲôģҲ̫˼Ҫ׵ľܾǵֲ̫ãֻԼƱͷ
ĺ£ʱൽ˰ҹǸưܵļұζûбĵطסһޣɴϴ峤кҹϻسȥ
峤Ǹˣ̫һ˻ȥȫԸ֮ǰǸСسǡ
ûоܾĺ⣬æµһȷǳˣԼسǣивҪ֮Ҫûסһ޵ĵطҪȻ治ҹģ
еľƣȻ˵ˣԺͲԼծˣȴôĲ
ͬСļһʱڽ㰲ȫͻسǣʱɫδżȥСڿջϢһ£ٻȥ
С絹Ҳûܾĺ⣬ҲһİӣȻһİӣΪӲ˶Ǻ
һĻ㰵ЦǺһЩҲûСҪǮسǣٰӾллˣСشǰ㻹˲ٶȥ峤
ĻԺ󶼲ٻȥǸСˣŻͷרȥл峤һˣ㶫СҪȥԼлͲһˣ
ΪϵĶҪ͸峤ģСҲûʸʲôģֵֻĶش壬ǰ˸һ
Խÿ˾Ͳ˵ˣֻ󷽣뵽СԼûȰȢˣֺӾԼˡ
ĶڣϱֲϣҪ־͹ʱû۹⣬㶼˰ɣȻСʱ򾭳һˣţ
ƣԶڰ֮մӳ˯ѣֻԼһżӵľϣ͸ĽһĵСԺС
.

һʮ£Ϊ

ڷ㶵ڼһź£üżӢŮӶһҩ˹Զŵҩŵҩζ
ŮߵԼǰſڱʵʹǺδô
ճʶԾԼɤôô˻ˣҽһ仰ɤӱһ¡
ŮȻҲע⵽㣬㽫ҩϣΪ˱ˮݸ
Ī˯ѣɤӿ϶ȵˮɤӰɣǸȫĵط㲻õĻ
ŮӵöһӲŻеĳȡ
ӹݹĲˮ֮оɤӺһЩ˲ʵˣɼұϱŵǸ壿Ķǵҽſô
Ů΢΢һЦǼҺүҲͦõģöлΪ˽ⶾҼҺүܱסһء
ү
ŮӵĻһ£ɶЦأɽҲݸ߹ˣϵڱˣ
ǰԶŹû˵ǾǺүǰ˰ˣ׷ɱӳȣǼҺүܻΪء
ŮӵһҲԼҺүݣĵЩֻŮӶҩҪݸʱͻȻƿӣ¶Сɫĳȡ
һĻŮӸҩҲǣҲǵģֻԼСϵǲѾˣϵĶͽˣֻ˯ȻǺõĲˣŻһ£һЩϸ΢ʹУҲûʲô󰭣
ʱ䣬ǹѾĿĵأӱ׷ǣҪȻһ˿ɰˣ㻹ڼء
뵽ļ٣̾Ҫµ·ȴŮӸסֻŮż˵ӵƻûأڿǧµ߶ƱȻصģ
ûע⣬ŮӵĻ䣬ԼؿͻȻһĽʹȻԼ֮ǰӲǸ̿һơ
ٶŮɵıٷţ㿴һҩݵԼǰ
ҩ˰ɣͻģҲ׳ʵҪȻһƣ³ŲҽݾҪûˡ
̸ȴǰŮҲ򵥣ѧģҪȻһŮ˾ûдܽϣҪ
.

ٶʮ£ʶ

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ҪȻһѹҪ´һἰԼ޶ͶԺŮصţھֵˣǰЩͬɢˣżȥأ
มӾͲҪżˣǿ԰ȥңֻܺúϢǣҼҺүԸҵ˸һأȥһ
Ůȿ˵ҩ˳䣬ҲǲҶȾͲ˵ˣһֻ߶ԣҪһ͸Ƶۡ
ûٳԹܹ˵ҲܲˣԸɵڴûҶ룬ԼٻؼҺˣ
ҪȻ㿴Լ˳ӿ϶Ҫ˵ģ˵ԼץҩҩԼʲôģģǵȺһЩٻذɡ
һʱ䣬ڸｻӵǰԼ죬ǱͲõˣһү˵Ȩ죬Ҽ˿϶ûģ
ֻ農ȴˣ˵Ѿ˯ˣΪ˵Եʣû־Ƥأ˯ʱλĺү˹
˵ԭϲλҹ֮˵ĻǲܹϾʱүĴʵ˿ǴĽԶԶɽ
ǰλʮǻ˵ĻǾϹˣֻԶԶɽɫۡ
ͷߵĻƶý壬һ֮Ҳûбʲôιϣ˻ˣʲô˸Ҵƣ
ˣоôкһЩ
үеѯ֪˵֮󷴵нࡣ
ֻͿĻصлүģûʲô󰭣
Ҳ˵ãϵЪͻģͷ񣬲ȥξһǿϧˣôȥھ֣
үĿǻȣ䶼һµ˼
ʵ˵үСģΪͻȻ˵£Ҫܶӣðոڵģû뵽·˺ү
үЦļһѣҲǲʶɣҸ㣬Ҳھֵ˸ˣһؾȥҸıְɣ
.

ٶʮһ£޶

˵ЩүƳһԼԱߵĺ£⺢ӶôҲûʲôϵģһ˼ҲȢô̻ȥ
εǼ⺢ͦģðؾǸϳһԣҲã
лүˣֻһżȥе޶ȥǵҲúһ£ʱܸүˡ
ʵȥǵʲô٣ֻϣүԼһķݶϰæŵԼ޶͹ˡ
˵޶ʱŮϵ΢ЦʱӲһ£ܿͻˣҲ˭һʮüҲ˵ġ
һ˼ʮ궼׼ˣ޶ҲǺ飬ǺүźһѣСӸ»Ǻܰģ
ϧ˼ѾˣӶ֪ꡣ
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үʱԼʱҲǶʮͣ˵ĶһڵĻҲôˣǲҲһǿ׳أ
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Ҳ֪סεأҵȥ㵱صĹٸȻϵҵ壬ʱֻЩʿ޶ǣ
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ѡ壬ү̸оȤָ˵аɣǧպˣʱȥǾͿұǣˣôû֪ʲôء
.

ٶʮ£ŭү

СүͲСȥɻ𣿡
ǵøտʼɽүɲô׾ű˵ˣҲԼһȨĶ͸Լˡ
үϵĲ豭һڣڵ˵㲻ȥɻµģҲȨˣҪȻո͸һǧһĸһؾˣ
ûУǾͲ˵᲻ȥɻˣҵĶñ˸ɻΣⶫҼȻܸ㣬ͬҲջ𣿡
Զ⻰˵ĿǺãǰǿȻ˵ƮƮģǸов֮⡣
ֻװûĻصȻүôβǲ˵ʲôҲúүʧˣ֪үʱ̷ؾǣһڿ϶߲ˡ
үЦһڸȥǵĻߣԺһҲûȫأҪǲߵĻڴ߰ɣ
лү
ȵľôһ仰ЪϢ죬ҪȻͲڸ֮ǰϻȥˣǱ࣬ɲұ֤⼸׬ӡ
ɲصҿԼҵ˱ˣ˵죬¹ûȫ̻ؼҡ
Ҳ֪ǱߺүܷҵʵҲҲûʲô취ˣһֻ˵ǰܣԼŪһ˲˵Ⱥ̿ͣ
Ȼүиһ壬Ǿеòʧ˵Ǵȥǣȥôİĵط
سܿ͸Ҳ˼յˣǵ˾ǾͲһˣ˵ȥ֪ЩȥĻԸӴȥҲԸȥΪʲôģ
һ죬˸ʱҩ֮ҲʲôˣһǸ¹Ǹ˵ĴǺүˡ
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سһõⵣǣҽֱߵͷɱ̣ԽӮԽҪ£ӮһѾֵͶϲ£ԺүҶӮ֣´ŭλү
Զµķǳãֱߵͷû취ȣǺľӮүһ̣һһӮڻάƽ֣Ҳá
.

ٶʮ£ĵˣ

үϹսָӹʿ̵ģµĹȻʮ
һ̲֮סڣںҲһЩλԶ¼ʱڱֵ߽̣ʵΣ˵ǳϵһˡ
ֵĺүҲֵͦˣں˵СµҲӮѾ͹˸ǰһӵˡ
һ̣ҿǺþûˣˣҾҪؾˣЩͬҸҵˣԼͻˣ͸ȻؼҰɣ
ȵĿһ۽ԶȻߵδ̫ҲûжȥʲôϾԼһ񣬲Ҫ֪ô࣬ү϶Ҳϲһ˶ʡ
ֻүлȻָү壬׼Ѻ¹ＱҴܹƺдҪүҲ֪ǽʲôүˣ
һģԺߣʱҪ붬ˣԺлľѾήʵҲûʲôÿģһȽʰԼĶ
ʵҲûʲôʰģϴ·Ǻ¹ùģ֮ǰɽ
ȻһѽԼү壬ֱЯúڲϣǻʼҵûеʵĴ䡣
óԼϽʣ̲˿øԼһƥӱ޸ϻؼҵģҲûڳ͵յ㣬Ҳ֪᲻ӸԼ
ǲҲûʲô취Ϊֻ֮ܺүһӶүʵֻ࣬᲻ѣ
֮ǰ˵ԼӣҲûиүӵĻ˵ɶģ϶¾ͶˣϾԼҪҲͲˡ
ţͼҲõľʹ˽֣ǺүԸҽģ˵Ǵлľ֮£
֪Լ˺£ֻֽӹеƱ˵ǲ͹ˣллү
䣬תͷߣһͷˮ治֪ԼĶˣۿԵġ
ȻںôԴԼģҲɻ󰡣ʵ벻ͨԼĶˣһʱɲģĶԱȣ仯Եøԣ
.

ٶʮ£س

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ÿܺүԼܽ󣬼ֵǧԲŻôӵģ¿ɺˣͲõĸӶϾϵˡ
Щӻȥ֮سݣܱȿջסҪϾ˶࣬һʱر֣˶ӵġ
ע⵽ջûǸ۾飬һٶ۾ʾ棬ЧǱˮнԼӾͺˣ
ЩƱ޲ҹϻسȥ㣬үѾ˵ǻô̫˵ȥ
ôҲйĽ飬ԺҲͲټˣԼĵһ߰ɣοоԼ˻Ǻܺã
ˣʱؿھͻʹУϿɫЩףطû
Сϵ˶ϢҲǳ׵Ľˣ·ҲܷĴ󵨵ˣϵ˼Ҫһ̺ۣȻˣ˿ȴõĺۼ
Ȼ˵ˣƤûмصĻȥʱȴƽչϣ˿Ҫһ˰ˡ
Ҳ֪ԼǰеĵʲôȻôһĹ˿ڸƤⶼãɻǴôûԼõĵط
ǽҪˣҲͲЩˣżϻؼҰѾüûмˣҲ֪ڿɺá
лһŮ˰Ӧûúܶ࣬ȥܻԼô¶һ£뵽Լôˡ
Ů˼Ҷϲ֬ˮʲôģϲԼ׬ӣ˸ľͲϲϲֲҩ¹Ǿ˵ĻǶ˵ġ
ϧ֮ǰûŪԼķڴߣҪȻøоһ·Ϳʲôҩ᲻һЩ
ò˵Ի·ҲǷǳĶأҪжķо
Ϊ㣬һҲû˯ţڶ΢΢жĶ·߳ȥһۣǺүѾ׼ؾˣ
˼ҶҪˣȻȥһ𲻳ĻͲټˡ
.

ٶʮ£

򵥺˼䣬үϳһ뿪⴦ľСԺ˼ҾʣһˣҲ֪ɶʱ
һļ٣һǵȵ壬һɼˣȥͰ¿˸飡
û¾ͺãô춼ûиһΪˡ
صһһ򵥵˵Լ⼸Ȼ˺ү¾ͱʡԵˡ
ֻ˵ԼˣԼȻԼ⴦СԺ˼ˣ˵֮Ҫһۣͦ˼ģ
Ǹһۣϵĵطûصˣϱ˿ڽ趼Ҫˡ
ҿˣ°Ѫ۵˻˰̣ǾͳˣͲˡ
嵹Ҳˣˣ֪ӣҲȷǰԼæ㽫ӦһԸ
ȻѾвˣԼõӣⶫû˻ӶģҲ׼ѣ̸ϻؼˣ
˼ȴһֱģֻ̽˵ֵܣɵɶȥ
֮˼һ»ص϶ҪȻؼҰ鷳½һ°Ȼľ˵ɣ˵ôһˣأ
ӾˣеĻؼȥˣûҵľѡ˸ԼĵطСϴ֣ûмҲ⣬ֻܼˣ
崹ͷɥģþûнĻȥʣһ˻ôڣ϶һġ
ȻʲͲˣֻͻȻһǷϵģ˵ֵܲҼڣ㿴һ˵Ҳ٣ӱȱ˻ʹһȭֿ϶У
֮ǰ취ٷһ¿ǱˣΪ˳ĸ߸׳׳ڳ϶Уû뵽Ҳʹ
ǾӪǶıľʦһûٷˣԲܰڳ͵ָص㣬˾òӡ
һ˼ֵ棬òӵĻʣµ˿϶˵ߣȻ˵ҲһͷҲصˣ
ҲǣϾѺڳ¶ǱȽΣյģλļֱֵӿ磬ҲǺܲġ
.

ٶʮ£ж־ķ

˵׻ϴУû֮ǰ̽˵ûɽʲôģǴ˴ֱУҲͿԱǼֵܵˣ
ֻ˵ҪӺʹһ㣬书ǿһЩڰ㵽زģֵܶһûӶ书ҲС
ȫˣ׼ȥģʵһҲǸЩֵһϣϾ֮ǰıҲĿõġ
ĻҲ÷һЩٰӵһЩǣ϶ԸģһӶ˵ʲô£
Ҫϣ֪ģҲˣ޶С϶ԸΣյ顣
ģ֪Լ˵Ӹᶯҡǲģ׿ھܾǲĵģ
ԤϵһſڱصҺһҲеģθʵ͵ܳģûиҷ
λȥ϶ҪҲټһǾΣգϾǸ˳ʲôҲˣǼ£һŮ˼æ
һתİ˵ɾͲˣж־ķҪȥһ²ǸˣĶһСسСİ
Ǳæ͸£˵سǿ˸ǰɣͦģ͸˾æĹ˰ɣڳ׬ģһ²ŸǶһӰǲǣ
峯üŪۣһεĿҲ֪ļҲûбֵĺֻܼ˵һȥһ˵ɡ
ʵʲôʱȥ
ԵƳһۣʵ˵ҹϻȥ
⻰Ҳ֪ܵ˼ʱˣӣƤ˵ãһ߰ɣ⵽ǸСسǲҪһҹҲиӦǣ
ļƺҲ·
üͷһ£岻ôƤҪһسǴŰɣ
¶ˣֻٺЦ㲻˵㿼һ˵ҸһȥǸسǣʱǣͨ̾֡
.

ٶʮ£˿

Ҿҹ۲죬ǸСسǻûھĵطڣԼǿھ֣Ȼ˵طƫ˵㣬ͷβ
˵ֲУȵϱҵھ˶࣬˼һһܴһ׵ĻȭȲ˼ңҪھŲھһĵط
ֻѣûð취ӲǸһسǣ˿ӱҹһ·ʱϵسǡ
ֱԼҰ̶ȥⱼˣһҹû˯Ҳۣһȥ˼Ұ̣ʵǶӶȥٷԣ
Լҵǰͣûüӵʱ仹һͰͲס̵ܵˡ
ۿ⵷ңһһͻָϲʵû취ε˵ˣҸˣȻһЩھԼʱ仹һգʣµǵҾ첹ðɣӾͱҵˣ
ﻹ˵ûӣոպͻȥܽӵصĸͷƵģҲ֪һԶ٣ҲмûӣԲˡ
˰æû˸ϣһҲĿʲô˵ģ±ϣȻҲҪһӡ
Ȼû˸ҰˣģСһЩ±թֱӽӴؼҳԣȻͲˣ˼ҵµģ
ҲǳԱΪſռλòߵģǿп˽ûλ뿪ģǶӰˣ
Ҳܣ͵ýҰӸ˼ŮǱ߿ǵȲˣޣƸ˼Ҿͼ޸ˣϽİӸó
ڵˣΪ˶ʲôĳҲ±˵һĿţҲ֪˵ʲôǺˣ
Ҳע⵽˽ߵĿˣæ˵ˣͲһӾܴչһˣ㿴ֵģȫҲˡ
ǲµĿҲ谭⣬ܸϿչӸǲǣǻһ˵˵һ˽ʣӾʹչأ
ĸţŰӵκ502ˮճڵһλô˿ġ
.

ٶʮ£Ҫɣ

Ҫ˵ˣָԺ󣬷ǵûôʮ֮ǰ׵ʱǱһߣ
ɽˣڻ˶ӲʩȻβ˶ʮͷ۵ʱվſڿһȻ˽ȥ
㣬һˣ
Ҳûܴڵϵ߽Цſڣǵ̫࣬û˵ĻͰͲסԼȥ㱧ڻˡ
ԭ֪Լ첻㣬ô
ͬʱһ̧ͷǸε˶ԼЦʱж࿪ˡ
ȻϻԵúĮǲˣ첽ߵǰǳ㻹֪ȥô¶һ£һΪѹûϱأ
˵۾ڿһ̾Ҳûдƿ
ʲô˰΢׵ɫ֪϶ˣǴ³קסĸ첲¸˸顣
ˣĵطûпѪʲôģ㻹û˵ˣ㻹ʲôҿûʲôҩܸã
ֻ˵ЩһҲûע⵽ԼƢŮһĶܹҸƿˣҲֻЦ
ͦҸģһԿŵĻҲֱ֣һǸƽƽĻˣֻصǰģˣҪˡ
컯֮ܲҪʲôأôΣϽҵӸң
˵ʱгĲ˽üͳһһƱݵǰṵ̂ģֻôûôӣ
ʱע⵽ϴŵѣӿʽûиʮģһô׬Ǯ𣿻
Ҳ˵ʲô￴һƱ͸ǿһðˣˮˡ
Ʊ͹ԹԱ죬־ҪȥϵƱȴ㿪ֱŭðӵʵʲô˼Ʊøҵġ
.

ٶʮ£˼

ҡҡͷƱ˵ƱԸ㣬ƱҪҶϾĸӹϵ㻹Ϊӣ͸Ҫһӡ
ȥһ׬ôЩƱҲͲǷĸʲôˣǾͶϾϵɣӽԺҾκιϵǻ޹أͬǻҲûκιϵˣ
ѵûоϸ㣬ҲǵһһƱ˵ֱ˹ﻹ˵ϾϵͶϾϵһϡТӺͲТϱء
ӣܿҾͿԸҶϱȢɶµϱܱû˽̵ҰϱãТҲˣһֱҶŸɣ
ﻹһ̵ֱģƱҿͣٲȻһûмӣϾ˹ϵоԼͻȻޱȵɣ֮ǰǱѹ˸ʯͷһء
˵˵ǺãȻƱ˵ͬҶϾĸӹϵˣӽԺͲĸˡ
תͷֶ˵鷳罫ҵµŮ˸ϳȥҺòصңӵһ˵˵
֣Сڸøɶɶȥ߾ͽˡ
һЦȻûж⣬һҲ˸о׶Ŀ֮£ֻСƵİӳ˵⣬ôҲûں
·ֵû֣ҲûСٵӣһ˿
Ҳڵſڶ˵ջȥиѣڵȥĵط
ؿջ·˺Ĭûнܶ໰ֻſûʲôˡ
˷Ѱһӣû˵㱧ôѹֵ˼һ̱޲ý㱧ԼĹѪΪԼһ֣
ֺγˣҲǽӵ֣˿ҲûȥѺڲԼˣܹǲˡ
˱һſͳ˵ԲӣҲȥѺڲģҲ㵣һʲô²ȥֵȷҪӣԾû
.

ʮ£Դ

ȻڵǸˣҲ׷ȥ⣬׺ݵ˵֪Լˣξˣƽͺã´㿴ôʰ㣡
ͻȻЦ΢΢죬ֻ˵´Σ׷ҴĻΪôʰ
㲻ֻˣҲɳϼͻȻҧһ±㱻Ҳʲôеɬ
ҲֳֻסԼȻȴǵһۣȻͷ˵ʲôҿûʲô˶ѣؿӡôģ
ͷһԼؿڣֻһСĵɫӡȻţԭûע⵽һȻЩʹ
ϽץסС֣ȴû˵˵Ů˸ĳģɻԴף
ԼǰСϣܿΪԼ򷭴̳ӵӣȻʵˣִֻг
Ȼ⵭ĻصҲţӡǸŮĳĲʱǴҪģҳʲôף
˵Ƴһţһ˵߹ǼۣڴĺܣԼһӡǣǲһ¶оۡ
ûȴ˵ͷոʱѾоʹˣûҪȥһ¡
ֻ㶢˵Ļһƻ࣬˸ƹˣҪȻûڿôõģ
˵ָȥ󴦵һҪȴһܲõȻϿͦãеء
ʱӦԴϢȻȷ֮ߣ£ȻǿȵţΪǺñӡ
ıʱ΢ʵô㣬һΪʲôţ
˵Ҫȴ㰴ס˼ֻʮ˵ǲҲøţ֪֪Լ˳ʲôˣȥץҩоһЩġ
վû߳㱻סƣȥûкܲģһҶöûˡҿ㣡
.

ʮһ£̰ζ

ץҩ㿴
˵ȥץҩҩȻһ౻ɺҲûץ㣬ָͷô
ʵû취ֻһܵȻȴڴˣԼ˴֮ϻ뱧һ
üҹˣûб˯ò׻ˣȻ̰ĺϵζ㵹ҲԹԵΪԼ˵Եʣ
ֻûкִܵԼˣͻȻְĵĸоĻ綼ûôˡ
ȻŲȥץҩϽ˯ţһ϶ҹϻģһû˯϶ˡ
ĺ󱳣û˯ԼǷˣԼҲѾüû˯һȾˣ
ŻĴʯͷҲĸоȻǳϯ
ۿ˯ŵʱȴͻȻоԼ촽ȵĸоһͿԼǰŴףϵ촽
ûзȥԼôɣĿԽȣԭһǱ
һǽ˶Щ΢۾ʢһʱȴͻȻƺһץһʹ֮ɫ
˲ѹָ˺ü£ɫǺת˿ʲô֮Ķûˣץǿ׳ĸ첲ʵû°ɣ
ǿҡҡͷû£Ъһͺã㲻Ҫץҩ𣿿ȥɣ
ʵţһܿġ
ô仰һ·ݱٵ߳ţץ˺üҩȻͣĸϻؿջΪҩ
ȵһͷĶһҩصʱѾ˯£ҩû˵㽫ˣ벻ҩˡ
붼ŻȥҪԼһ˯Ҳǿ۾µĺȦˣ֮ǰ˺£һҹû˯ȥ˵̶̣̼ʱȦͳˣ
ԼúϢһ£;úˣոæôһӣЪˡ
.

ʮ£ûң

Ծ͸ڿջúϢһ£ʱҲ˲ϵĻһǲæĹˣʵһæԿһˡ
һһ׶ʵĴˣίίڰ˶˰ӣʲôģƺӺҲû˵һԹ
ٴѾʱʱǿջ÷ʱ䣬Ȼ˯ڷȻŵֲȵζǶӹУ
۾һ±ʵ˰ɣȥ˵㷹ɣһڶûԣڿ϶ˡ
ȻżԷֻ㲻ߣͻȻһִʵһԾôˣȥѺڣ⼸㡭ûң
ûУ
ûĻһ䣬û濴ҪΪôصĺȦ𣿻Ҫʣ
ûԤ𰸵Եеʧ䣬еί˵ô㣬ûþһ·ĸϻ㾹Ȼҵġ
˵ʵҹ߸ϵʱǸоҪˣǼôܣҲûؼҽŲ
Ȼһίģȴ̲סЦ˳С˵ʲôţôʲôҵأ㲻һǲ㣡
ҲǶһЦڷ緹˺һʱŻص̿һôˡ
һͱ㶼ԼһˣΪѾԭ򣬻͵ûؼˣ
˵Ǹæˣһǽʮ죬ɽǱ߻벻ʱ䳤ɷǱ߿϶᲻˵ġ
ԵҪؼҵʱҲûߵ˼׼ЩȥֻؼҵĻ̫ÿóԵҲûôˡ
ȻˣһǸӣҲڼĴСɾֻ鷳ˣ
ҹӵصջɫѾˣҩ˲඼Ѿ˯ˣֻķﻹŵơ
ڿջﰾҩŵҩζƮɢĴǣѾв˸Сﲻˣط϶סȥˣ
.

ʮ£ĺ

˶ɵʲôҲ㣬˵ҩУ컢ﻹٰһæ취ʱ˵ķӰȥס
ѰҩҩݸԼͰʰ뵽Լ׼˼ҷס飬̲סʵһѺڣǸӸӣ
һŰƱ׬ЩӻɢķһʵҲ࣬ԵĻ㻹Լس¸ס
ֻҩȾ˵һܹõһǧӣһʣµƱ·óһۣ
㲻̫Ļ˭ôǮܸһ˾һǧӣȻŽɵİƱóʱľˡ
źüһƱʵĶôӵģѺһôãܰɣ
̲סȥһԾСЦŻصȻѺ׬ģⲻǰϾ˸ӵĹһ
ӾлҾ֮ģҲԼֵǧԸǧԸԸȥıְ
ҵͺӣûҴӦһ㲻ȥأҾ͸Ҫؼһ£һ˵ͺԸȥǵĻҴȥ
߹ٺ»Ҹұ֤˵벻ǰܹϱһ˻õͶˣоô
Ʊ룬ʵسǹĲʵǴݵģȻȥ¾Ҫ¿ˡ
ֱļ˵ôνҪǿ㣬ҪǾСسûʲôǰ;ĻǾȥǡ
֮ľͶˣԼϱܸһһôӳΪĶأ
ȥǵĻȨ̫࣬һʱųնʲôģԸȥҲȥԣԸ͸Ѻ顣
ѡˣ֪·ѡһأֻ˵·ѡһ̫ãһԣ
ǻǽ̤ʵذɣòʱȥ٣ĺ𣿡
֮һæҩĿǰǰǷǳɹ۵ģǶ죬һҩôˡ
.

ʮ£ǰ

ֻǴﻹŶҲܹҩģҪǴڳȥüǮģҩ겻ţųģ
һҩܹһ˼ҺóԺúȰʱ䣬ڼһĻһ겻óԲϷʲôģȻҩҪʱ䡣
Ҳò̫ãǧˣΪ¾ôͦϧģ
Ī˵ȥǣߣĴǶԸߣֲҩ˸üǮ֮ǾͻʶǸ
׼˵ǸҡǮֻҪץͲóԲϷԾǴǶͬȥǵģȥˣôķ޷أ
һ˵׼ȥٵĻᣬȻ˵еϧˣû취һسߵȷûôס
Ǿǵطͬڱĵطӽ£׹ݴٹҵĹСǣһȥͷ̫ѣһûܴĿɽǲ˿ǿ϶ģ
Сسǵͷߣ󸻴˵Դ⣬Ŭ꣬ԼҲس֮ء
ʱسǰ˶һүھǶԱ˾Ϲã
ôôܷڱɵһõĻ᲻ҪǶ˵ͦõˡ
ҹΪ˯˵ԵʣɫҲǺ֮ǰֻϾϵŻĸԸһӣ
ǾѾ׬̫࣬Բ̫ԸԾͺ
˰ѻ˵ҲǱǰˣ˴¼оԼ֮׽࣬Ǹûʲôˣ
ڵףû취һ飬ΪƻǺصģҲֻЦЦٿ
ڶգŻﻹڵܶ㣬Ͻس򴦷סҲ٣ȫУ
ԼҿôãҲˣɴһҧ¶ֱڵ̸һСԺȻȲլԺԼʮϲ
Ծֱӿջ˳ϸ֮²֪Լڿջסô죬ϳԺʲôģȻҲ˼ʮˣ
.

ʮ£ͻ

ջСڿջҩţԼҿջӣе㲻ˣ˼˵ɶҪߵˣϾջǼҡ
ϧ㻹ûԺ֮ǰͻؼˣҪȻ϶һģҲϼţԺɶֱҡ
о壬ԺҲûƤûס˽ӵͦϲӣһкӳҲôϲҪԼ书̸
ؼǱȻҪŴѧԻѧܱ֮ϲˣȻԸҲûţҲǰס
ڼˮɶۻɣûһԹԣԷǳʲôҲųʲô˵ѳʲôġ
˵ҲݲһһЩӻ棬ԶĶԺﴫȥĻЦ
һһЩ˾Ϳʼʹسǿھֵˣĵ˵سǿھֵΪ׼˵ġ
ϸʲŷһھֵӶҪһЩ˵ԼǰʱȫԺӣʱҲûкܶࡣ
ӾͱʾҲżԼʲôʱ˵ʱǷϴһȭԼӣھֵӻԼ
ôһ°˵ֻ
Ȼ˵ڵȷУܹóһӸŪھ֣Ҳûϴθӵ֮Ͷܵĺˡ
֪Լ뷨Ͳ׼ٹô࣬ԼҲһЩʵϹǰ̺ҩĵ鶼æˣ
Ѱ˼˵̣ȻһʵæҴֲҩЩջˣûȥָһЩ飬ʱ͹˲ϵ̡
ұ˰̫ΣԵʱûһӣеĻԺһɣӴ˷һ֡
оǻӵ£ϵѧǸ˴ܣ˼ҷѾ׼Ҫѧˣűϳ˽ӵķգﵹҲ£
رм֮ŰѻҲͽسǵѧãϲһӻܺһ㣬Ҳ֪⺢զ£Ǹ˲ͻ
.

ʮ£ϲ

֪ԼҺǸʲôӣԵ޹ʴ˵ĺӣ˵˽ĺʲô⣬ҷӹܲ˻Ӿһ˽ˣ
û˵ˣҲˣؼǷҲı⣬û￴ϷӵƷûҲȥسǵѧ顣
ټ֮ǰϲͦãһĺʹܣ˵ҲϣԺܸú棬ٴˡ
ƽʱĻɽϸ˸ɵسǵطȥسǸҲɣΨһѵľס޵⣬Щسס
Ż̫⣬˵سǴ˼ͿµطˣӾͿʼҰˣʱû׬Ķȥ
һʱ֮ϱ֮ϵ䵭˼ɣסһ᲻뿪˵ǲ뿪ﶼ⣡
ⲻɽһ굽ͷͿسǸ˸ɿΪ˻òͭ壬ֱϵ˽Ӹ˳
Ӳܲɣ֪ܵϣôôСĺһسţ˵ǷҲøȥسǣһ취׬Щӡ
ϾسǵѧÑϵĸ߳һǰ㣬ǿŵ㺢ӣҪ۸˻߱۸ڴŶղţ
ɽҲ̫ԸԼһڰȥسǣ̫ʦڶҪӣЩ֮Ҳͬˡ
ɽҪʵڲ뿪ӻﲻԼ£֮ԸҲ滢һ
һ㻹֪£ĳڽ֪ģŮ˺ð죬Ӱᵽسĵɳ׵ϡ
Ȣ˸Ůﻹرˣѻĸر֣±˲֪Ȣ˸ʲôŮһμӻĻֱЦ
һصҿǰѻﻵˣôһڣƸڴ嶼֪Ȣ˸Ů˻ؼң
ɳʱĻͦģΪϾĸӹϵԵʣ֪ɾʲôʱףû뵽ǻôͰȢؼҡ
ǱҲû֪ͨȥμɵĻ磬Ǿϲӣ˳ѾҵˣҲûȥ
ȻѾسǣȻҪԼһڰ̸ɻҲÿ¸üӵĹʣΪˣҲ˵ȥ
.

ʮ£С

Ҳûڶͻϲصĸڿջæµ˻ļɾˣû¾͵ǰһھֵ顣
ʵû취ֻ׼óԼҵسǿھʲôģЩ飬һﾹȻ֪ʲôʱһžˣ
˵ҪҪȥ죬˵׼ʲôʱھֵʱԺԵ˵Ųûȥʱ䶼ǰˡ
Ϊ˵ԵʣھָͶһҲ֪Ķ֣ʱͷΪǸˣⲻ֪һֱﾫϸš
ѧǱлСļ룬ܷϲõǻ۸ʲôģջҩĵʱȥһ۾ͷĵˣ
֮ǰӻ̹ϰ䣬ԼĵĶǶģȻڲõı۸㻹ǰӽеԼǰ̻ѧʲôġ
˵ģȥ˴ܵģȻǰ۸ǵ¿Զ֣̫ˣӱʾףҲͳ׷ˣ
٣㻻ϺһЩ»صСɽ壬һҩģ˵һʱǻصԼСҿһۡ
ʱ䳤ûסЩζ֮ⶼͦõģʱһټʱҲǺܺãԺбҲ֪ʲô
һԻиʮ꣬һ廨ӵŮˣԼɵϱ˰ɣ
ûǺĿüۣƺǸӵģʱŹڿģǴδҲ࿴ۡ
νˣؼ￴ʱˮҪˣһյĬĬס￴ߡ
ʱﻹûע⵽ֱ۵ģܲ˵ܳŶıӰǰˣ˭ôδǣģҼҸǸʲôģ
⻰һȥֻΪﾯԸߣǰǺһɫеı֮Ŀⶼ޲ðˡ
ͷ㿴ɵϱһͼıĴԼĿУʶ㿪ʼü
һѽԼͼԼС嵲סĿ⡣
.

ʮ£˼

ɵϱɣ㣬ǰҪһɩӵģ
ϲʾĳ￴ȥʲô˰ǰ˰ûƵģô
˵ĻҲ֪Ƿ˭ˣ֪ѾϾĸӹϵﻹʮĺԭǶܺͶðҲûǡ
˵Ҳ֪ǳʲôӣؿǼˣҲ˵һͦİɣ¯ӶûУҪȥżһ
ŤŤģʱﲨ෴ˣ˵ǿɵһܺͶãѾҵˣûҪôǣҲҼң
˵ʵ˵⻰ʱ䣬һ仰ܸܵĺᲢˡ
Ϊ̬֪Ѷˣ˭֪ͦ˵Լ޽ǵһͷ˵⻰˵ĿɾеˣôĸĶ˵ϾܶϵĲǣ
ҿҲǺͿʲô¶ҪŶأô͸Ͼĸӹϵأǲʲôᰡо˵ˡ
˵⻰ʱ̧ͷʮӵĿһۣ˫۾ǹ˵ĺܣͷúᣬҲ֪Ķѧģ޽ǷҪͷ
ﲨֱӲȥЦ⣬䵭˵ˣûκᣬҶû죬ʲô֪أͱôˣǴ˴λҪ°ģͲིˣпջͷ˵
ûпգпҲģһͲʲôؼŮˣ￴㵹ټʲôû˵
Ҳ֪ǲĴܾԼûʲôˡ
صǰһʱɨһ¼ʱ䲻סöǻңú̿¯ʲôĶûУҪˣ
ΪʲôҲ㵹νů¯ڣƺҲǺ䣬˵һⲻҪ¯ͺһıӻˡ
ҳһԵĶûУ컹ȥʳϾҪסϺЩġ
Сʰһ磬ǸŰ뷽跨˰죬Ҳ֪Ǳ˭ƻǷһͿ
ڷر󣬲ú޲һϷһͿĶаΰʲôģļǵãߵʱЩǺúõģ
.

ʮ£ͱ

ΪʲôôƵͲ˵ˣؼǾסôĹʵڲֵȥһµĻһ´ջþˡ
òװ޺ˣѵӶɨɾ׼ЪһĹƼһ˷Ѿıһصı˹
̲ס̧ͷһֻһ޶ԵģԹԵܵ˼ſڣſھͶ˵ܣһѣⱻ̫ˣҶòˡ
Ϊ˹ȥ׾ٵĽӹ˵ģصıӡ
㱧űӣǺӵζŴĳ嶯ʵôŴӹˣ
Ѿҳ׶˹ϵɩӶԸ⺰ǰŮһⱻϵ֬ζҲ̫ˡ
ֻ￴ֵһЦߵָŴ˵ŶⲻǿǴϵı̫ô䣬Ҹһޱ
ô֪ҼҴϵı쵥ģ
ſ⣬ڼҵʱû˰ҲûʲôصĶҪȻڵ˾һˣ
һ£ЦŻص֮ǰǼһˣǸģ˵֪ⴲϵı쵥ܱ˵Щˣöðѱϰɡ
˵ķһۣеͷ˵ʱǻûأŶԣǲס϶Ҳûʳ԰ɣҪɣȥҼңǳҵգ
¶һΪʮͻݵЦݣֻҪȥˣҲаˣûһٷŵĳԡ
ҪȢТŵĻûֱȢ˸ڻҪ˹ŵ֡
ǲΪ䵭ľܾҼȻѾҶϾ˹ϵͲһ߳ҵһ㶫ĺˣⱻǲҪûȥɣ
ֱӴùﻳŨ֬ζıӣǸɸȥɣŲҪأƸⱻ˯һѬһɶζҲŲˡ
Ų磬һӣǺ˵ӿûס硣
￴һۣû˵ʲôϵЦЩҲס˵ô˵㿴ϸƤܰû˵ʲôαؼƽϵôأ
.

ʮ£

ɣɲΪǰŮĹԼⱻǲʲôŹ֣ҪȻҪ£
νڣǼ鼴治ԾеõĹͷˣͱȥԷġ
˵˵ЦŻصĺˣû㿴ôģǰ˯ı춼ģǰ˯ãҲ˯ģⱻûȥɡ
ɲǺϲǣΪͶǾˣⱻʲô治գ
˵һŮ˲඼ԼĶˣϾԼ˷Ƣʲôģȴһ
ʱпٵôƺǺϲɣҲûж˵ʲôǼֲӻȥ
һֵ˵İɣҸͱӵǲ֪ģ˵ģҪ֪ҸͶҪĻǾͲ̫ˣⱻǾ°ɣҾˣ¾ͺһ
ǰ㷢Ŀһۣôһ£
޸ɣϲɣȻѾӵ
üͷŮ빴ƺͼôһɣ
ﲻ˵ŵһ빴˵ĵزɣ
Ϊ˽⿪Լеɻ󣬵ȵԶ֮ʵǰ𣿡
ûУ
ʮֿ϶ҡҡͷôðҿӻΪǰʶأû𣿻ˣ
ҿԿ϶ûмŮһ棬ΪʲôҪôãֻԣһ֪س׬˲ӡ
ǸùϵԺҪʲôģǸʡ͵ĵƣɴñ£ӻ󣬱˻
Ҫ˵˵Ҳǹֱģñʻ㻹ǸѧģǾԲŸôĽ仰
˵ֿﶼУҪںߣϾ綼ż޸ǮƵģοء
Ҫ˵ҲıŮҪܶ࣬ĲرÿǸֹз飬ر˫۾˵ĺܣ
Ҳѹ˼ҿɣڼҵ壬һ²ɣҲȥԺô죬ǲǻҪԼϱţ
.

ʮһ£ŵùǺ

ﲻˣһû˶϶Ҹõ˼ˣŲɳԿġ
ЩǺ󻰣ﾹȻϣۿһӵ֣
뵽ո빴˵ģͻȻĴѧӸҲһﲨȴûа㹴˵ӣƤɰĺܡ
Цʶһ۹غõţְͷѧ˶˵ϵ˿ǺȫˣЩҲˡ
ɵȥһΪȥԼȥˣȴǸԼĳͱȥˡ
˵һϲ£ɸճײ£ϷǵûϲãոҲ֪Ƿʲô
ҲģںΪʲôˣԼǵžԼͦÿİ
СҪƯ࣬ôǲ϶࿴أѰˣ۾ճŲˣ
ǻڲͬͻȻͻˣǸ˱Ͳͨù˵öѵ㾢С
վߵ谭ǸòһҲʾҲ˵ǰǸӣҲ֪ʲô
ֻˣ࣬бµһŮ˿ѹأһָоԼȫжˡ
֪簮ҲһֱžӿԼֻΪڳΪµԵҲû˵ʲô
ȫ֪ûɷϣñӣҲ֪ôˣһֱ͸ŸڵǸСݡ
뵽˵ϲǵģʵΪʲôôܵӣ˵س׬˲ӣôǶϾϵ㲻ÿϧ𣿡
ɻû˸ֻһĿһۣȴһֶû˵ǰŸǺ
Ƭ־յ˵˵㲻˵˦ʲôӰб£
һҲȷǡû¡˰ܳҲûйȥתͷСҿ
ողͬɵ۾ŷʮֺĹâҪ˵ģڶȻᱻŵ
.

ʮ£ͻȥ

ڶ糿ľˣ׼ȥһˣЩʳԣǷûԾ˯ˣ˯ͻӶ
һû˴ŵĻĶȽȥ˯ǰʳ˯ѾܳԷˡ
Ǵͦãȴ˹ҡ
ǱһѵģԵȥţȴûдһֻѾûӰ
ȥôһȥˣ·ЬӾȥˣǶ죬춼ûȫһ˼һ˯һ˭ҵŰ
ɻȥţű㿴һײͷҲ̧ı㴳˽֮ŷָŵ㡣
ϣðôŵģ
۾ССӸ˸飬ûзӰΪԼĹˣû뵽ܱĳȥ
һŮټ㲻ˣõ˵⻰˼˵Ҹ㿪ŲÿҪ˭㿪ţ
ҪǸ˵ҪţôҲɵûҵôûš
ǰԼİײ˷ø㿴˵ô˯˰ɣҾ͵ʳԵģһҲܣĶȥˣ
װһʵģ㣬ԽԽʣͬŮˣҲ࣬ôƤôã֮ľѷɫˡ
òҪÿˣһ֪ܲˣϵЦݶӲҲ֪
Ҳ֪ܹǲˣҪؼҵġ
仰ʹʳҲҪģһȥʳȥˣΪͽȥʳ
ǲʳҲٰƾҲϣͻȻıӱӵһԣΪʲôûиǣ
ӣʵǱôǰ첻𣿡
ͦģⱻйɺǺ˵ζǺֱ磬ԾûǣŽóȥɹһɹ͹ȥء
Ҳɶ˵ɶ˸ЦҲʣʳҪֻȫûȥһ˰ˣҲûмһ档
.

ʮ£ɪɪ

̰ѷŸ˱ʵ̫ˣһͺϴ㻹ûд·ڱʱɪɪ
һߣ¶̾ͽ˲٣ǰѱȫҲů
ûþͻˣŵϴˮʲôкͲ·ûڸкһ
ص㿴Լɸһ̽СԴԼԭ˳ĳˣ
̾ͰԼıӸϣȻС˵ز˰ɣȥһ㾹Ȼˡ
û취ұ˯㣬ˣϱ˻ûʱ͹ͷͰײˣȫûҪģ֪ȥʳȥˣ
㻹Ϊɶô͹ʳ룬ΪɿţʲôԲϣű˻˯ʱ͵Ÿ͵㶫
ҲΪŮ˷ѾĻô࣬ԼǸʲôûһϾҪòûʲôͻĵطҲǿ˵ȥΪԼʤġ
˵ôѵôأԭˣһıӣҲżȥڴ߸˵˵
Щûȥˣʵ࿴ŻģҺûǶҪȻڼҵöԼ˴±ӣ
ܵո̫ɹζ棬ıӺöˣȻ˵Ǻģϵζʵ̫Ǻˡ
ǲǰԼ֬ˮȫⱻˣҲܱŸԼ͹ôģⱻζôǺŲζ
ЦЦůıҲż𴲣˯Ҳ˼ˣԼ׺߲ȥ˳ȵ˯Ͱѷˡ
˾Ȳȥմ½֪ˣҪȻЩ񻹲ء
˼Ҷҩģ¹ûֱӽ㣬ɼǸ⣬ʲôû֣ڻǹͺͺģ
ʱϴվԵúͻأҲʲôģкһĻͱɿɱеǰҪٸ˽
.

ʮ£˵Ŀ

Ϊʲôʱʲô˵ԴһֱĻɶԷţôõһܲͽᣬȻҪƵһ߶ȥҵĪв
͵أڼҲ֪оʲôͷǳϣܺúùܽһԼϱٿˡ
ŴѯҲ׵ԺˣҲûȥԶԶԴЦʲôġ
Ȼֻһֻ˵ǶһԼԸ
Ǿû취ˣﵹǲЩıһԼĿԼǺĵģҪȻһ˶Ҫĭģʲô£취˸ı˶ԼĿ
ﲻĵĻȺճյĿεӣ˻ûע⵽ĲͽȺжЦ˵ϣϱզҲˣҲҩģܹɶ
ոֲаҩҾͲܹڵʲô
£ҲǺõһ䣬ҲǸ˽ʲôֻʲôˡ
ʵҲûģôĴС׼ũߣഩ·ͰѵҩڳȻŸڳûʣüǮ
ӣӶˣǷ·ѾԼ׬ʵһĻͲ̫ˣ˼ˣŷ׬ЩӻؼҸϱ
ɳڼҾ֪˯ʮֲʵҲֺУվһһĳƪ
ûļҵϱŰ¾泶ƪģһﲻ˶˵ؼ֮ġ
Ƕ˻ȥֲµũ˳ƪʲôŵģ˵һܶʮ䣬ö֮Ҳû˸˵ˣ
˭ҳԱŵû¸ɣʲôģ֮ؿڴˣȢ˸ϱؼҡ
ﻹϱźܴϣТţϱƤһ㲻ұй֮ġ
ܸ֮ɣǲһҲӶôأóͻﳳ
.

ʮ£

Ĳ˵ﶼָܸٷҲǷôӣôȢôǰǺû˵Ư
ȫ˸ӣڶ̬ȾͲǰû͸ҸŵĶ죬Ҫ˵Ѱ
ﲻҩģҲ̫˽Ķʲôֻ֪ɼҲҩĺûа취ӽͷе㲻ˡ
ݵʱ򿴵ɻڴžȥ󱳾һƣžһڲһ£ɸо󱳻ۣ
ĪɻܶյƢҲˣſڱŭвҸʲôһǲǳԱŵãҪôðæȥ⶯ֶŵġ
˵ɻһѣҲǼˣ˫һøµɣ㾹ȻҶԼϱ֣㻹Ǹ㣿
ȥðæԼ˯㿴ٿ㣬˼뷽跨ĸӣڸʲôϱûϢ
ﻹֻ˵֮»ȥĴɣ˿Ҳûֵַʣôһ㲻
Ǿϻ˵ĺðһ˲һţҲ޽ġ
Ҳ֪ľ仰ŭɣûôﶯ֣ȻɾֱӺۣ־ʹһƣ
ôͲǸˣҵƸ񣬽޸ңҵˣʹôˣ˵ǲǸˣ㿴ǲˣ
ֻɴֱ޶סӱ˦˴ϣûԼջһɾѾϡ
Ǳ·Ҳ֪һֲˣô󺰴еȴͻȻĺܰȥɣ
̲סЦһҳôˣСӡ
˵ϵĶһûֹֻͣϵ·ȫһſſģûһҪվ˼
ʮŭֱһȭԴԱߣһʱʲôҲûˣ㣬ûõĶԼҶ֪ҷƢбվ
ʲôˣ޸ôҷϣӲ֪׬һ㣬˵ͭ嶼ûһһػѣҸɴҿһͷײˡ
.

ʮ£

һɣһסԼ·ܣʶסϾǴ죬ĳȥɺͳ
ʱҲͦģƽʱҪֱһĿɵצӣԼһܣ
ҲǹˣǰȻûʲôģ޶ˣһﾹȻǸõģԸ⣬˵ԼжమҲǸɵӣȻֻ֪Ϊ˱סˡ
ñ֪£ҪЦɾǲϲҲ뷽跨İ£ȻҺ
һĺ֮ɫӶôɶ棬ҪȻеŭ
ҲԼǸʲôģ·ߣ׼ңŹʱôǶԼˡ
ҪǲȥԼã¾ôɢҲͦãʡ°뱲ӾôػˣƸʲôĸǼ
ο²ɵԭϣɲ˻Ƹô붼ȫĺ£Խ»ҵĲԽ졣
Ȼû߳ſڶԶͿԶĴܹҲ֪ǸɶȥˣͻȻҲǺżˡ
ڸʱװˣϵţȴʶһ㣬ôֱͦͦĵ˱ĵϣ
һɣʱ˿Ĳ㿴ȫչǰһ£һͿٵתȥ֪ˤˣҲûйûˤʲôġ
ֻſڱʵô£յģ·ҲþܳɺͳϽ·ãȻؼң
ƫƫҲ±˿ڵϾĨǲڵᣬʮί˵Ҳȥų׼찡͸Ҵҡ
⸱ôˣǰͣҲˣҪң·۸ң˵ˣ㶼ûˤۣҡûа·ã
һ˼滨Ҽģ϶Ǻݲʲôģһϧ
˵ԴѺڻ˵Զ˲٣Խ䵭ǶԴԼϲˣ˵һֶǲģ
û¾͸Ͽɣñ˿ᡣ
.

ʮ£ȡ

Ųںû˵ţܲվҪҪʲôģֻҪ˱Լʲôϵͺá
˵껰׼ؼңȻȴ׼ôŹס½װ˵ҵĽˣһ㶼߲ˣܷܲҸطϢһ
Ҳͼ·˼ȻҪȥһģϾԼոɳ˼ܣֲܻң·ûãõĵص㵱Ȼˡ
ֻװʲô˵߻ؼҰɣҾͲˣϾŮܲף㻹ҴӣҲʲôˣʵؼЪ죡
仰һֱǿɵӣϣܰؼһЩҪʲôӣҪȻɵƢ϶䲻ʲôôġ
ԼʡͣҲѹɻܴܣֻȡֲñˡ
ﶼȥˣ治֪ȻôֱҲԸһѣԼŻɼȥܻȥ𣿻ȥ˶ඪ˰
·ߣһֱ˵Լźʹ߲ҲˣԼȥ
̫׼ԼһƬ½ǸȻ·ؼңؼʱ̻Ӽˡ
ȥ㶫˰ҲûȵЩżԼһۣû뵽ûǰ˸סˡ
ڵϵģһʱƿԼǰصĽ·ϵĸɾ֮װеʵôˣڵϸɶ·զŪģ
Ҳ˵ֹֻĿһһ˿϶ΪģѲ˹ϵ
Ҳᣬ͵ɳ˼ܣòɻˣһʱ˵ţ˵߲ұȥء
ܱģⵢ˲ʱ䣬ÿǸûʲô·Ȼɾеˡ
ʲôҲûУЩ˹ܲסƤӣ⴫лͼʱ䣬ʵʲô鷳
еοû˼ԼĻ˵ҰͻؼҰɣһ˵ȷ̫ģϿȻؼҰɣҵȻͻȥ
.

ʮ£ȥס

Ҳ˵ʲôתͷԼҷȥϧֻͷҲؾˣٶ֮·ʲôˮ׷һ
ŻµǺ޵ҧһϻάһʮָл˼Ȼɣҽڰ㣬׼Լҡ
㻹治ԸңҽҲͺĸ̨£Լңʵ㻹ͦߵġ
Ҳû˴ˣҲһķȻȴˣôȢϱô˵Ҿͻȥˡ
ȻжǧٸΪԼǻӣ˻ǱȥǸĸҲʲôˣ˵ȥͰ˸Ѫͷ
˵ϽʲôܰŮ޸ɾ͸ллˣȻҸɫĸﶼûŹġ
ŵĲ̶ܽӣ۸ŮʲôģȻһͿҲûз
ֻȰӻȥ˵ģԼûģϾŮڼǺóʲôɣҲúúù̹ܽܽˡ
ҲǿԼĲɻؼǰҪԼ£һǲٶ֣ԺҪڿһЩĲ˵ҪɣҪּңڵӹСڣԼұסȥ
Ҫе֣֮ǰΪȢﶼˣûӣڴҲûбܽ·һȥ
д㣬ҲһԸıȫӦԸȥʱ̲סúЦ
ﻹҸּʲôģԼóʲôɣҲһӣûܰӹþаˣ
һؼңҿɾַ˰úõļǲԸߵģҲûĵطܰᣬԼּһͦá
˵ԺӸϱϴ·ʲôˣԺҲչˣڵɶأûбķܰȥסˡ
Ҳˣ˸ɻҸط˯ؼûطסǺڰԼǸСˣ
.

ʮ£ַ

ʵûطô죿ֻܺܲסһʱ䣬ܸϴ·ʲôģ˵ǴӦԼסһʱ䡣
ԼɩҲûʲôøˣͲ̾͸ԬҵĹӳףͲˣҲǹԵģ
֪ʲôӣȻԬҵĹý˹ˣʱǰоǱ棬·Ҳһ̧ͷͦأһ߰ģ
ԴֻǱһֵֿ鿴ţܶʲôΪһͣ죬ûͱ˽˻
֮޼ɵϾﶼϸڼסһЩʱգʲôµģ˵㣡
һϣﾹȻֱ˷˸ͻȥȴ˯ѵ͸ȫͲ˶ϵģɵ۾ﶼðˡ
㺦£û㣬ǸСȻܹϸŶãҲˣƫƫĻϵϱ
ʵڶ޲ý˶̻ˣãǳĺÿһ㣬ıһ
￴£ȻȥСԼںεˣ֪ǰֵܻȥⶥñӸɴǽһƯ
Լӱ߷˵ŭţҪȻһŪǸŮˣ
ǰһֱ̧ͷɶ޵ҧгݣԵĻ˺ˡ
ﻹ֪ԼѾɿǱɿҲʲôԼˣܲΪһӻѰɣ
ʵɺõҲûУֻǶǸ߶Ƹֻɸ˭֪һǸµķﰡ
Ҫ֪ǲҪôҲ޸ˣɻиܵܣĸߴ󳤵ĿλǮɲ֪˶ٱ
ʱͰ಻סԼӳǽˣϧ仨ˮ⣬ʱһֱڶһÿ˸һͬͬ飬ＸͼӰ
ߵһ㲻ʡͣһ߸ն׵ҲСԬǴ˼ңƸ񶼼ֵӣĥԼҲӦһЩֵǮĶ˼Ұɣ
.

ʮ£Լľͺ

һԼĶ緢ԼûʲôֵǮĶõĳֵױ˼ҹŮĸ׻ܸŮһЩױ͸׼˼ʲôġ
صĶһҲûУ˵ԼŮҲ᲻öģȴʲôûóһҲûʲôصĶø硣
ͲˣһƲֵҲˣ˶ԬŲԵģļױò֣Ժôǰ
Ҳûа취ԺּҰȥĶסء
մӵҩĻһҲ䣬˵ֶܱģůů־ͱס
䵭ʵʲôʲô𣿡
ҸϵԬӶˣҲüҫˣûʲôҪ˵𣿡
һҲԼĿģǰĨǵЩϻֻ˵ҺѾϾ˹ϵ˭׸ʲôϵԼľͺã
˵仰ܿҪؼңȻôô׾ͷߣǰ
һ̲סһЩʵ㵽ʲôһˣû棬л˵ƨţ𵢸ʱ紵ͦġ
ֱֻ׳˵磬ǲǣҺܿҪˣҲû޶㲻ð켸𣿡
⻰˰죬ûĥʲô˼·ѾϾĸӹϵĸˣȻ˼Ҫޡ
浱۸
뵽ſھͷ̵޶ûУǻǳģҪ𣿡
ǲѾĸ׶ϾĸӹϵҲҵˣƾʲôҪޣʲôҪҼȲ㸸Ҳĸף㻹ȥǽɣ
ζҲûʲôʲôˣȢϱҪӣûʲôֵǮҲ
ҲǴģϵҶ໨ģȺ˵ãû˾ѾϾ˹ϵҪҲ
ֻ羹ȻԴǵ˵ιһ㣬ϾĸӹϵǺҶϾùϵ˵ôͲܹҪˣôǰ׽е𣿡
.

ʮһ£˼

⻰ǺֻҲ˵ˣǸ˾˵ֻ˻
Ĳ˵ּ˵㲻ҶϾϵˣ֮ұ֤Ҫʲôӣ
ҪûУҪһб͸ߣһģ浱ҵϵģȱԼ׬ȥҪҼȲҲûܸӡ
û⼸仰Լϱ־ߣ⻰ҲǸѧģǰͼô˽⻹һó˽
Ҳܣ徻Ҫֲ࣬سǵİ̲ͦ׬Ǯģ˭أ˵ûǮ˭Ű
ͦһھȻҲѧˣˣǸߴߴὲͣ潲˵Լǰš
˵˾ͷˣΪ֮ǰиɳ飬绹ƫģɳһȴܸԼóױ
Ҳ±վſھͿɾ£һıǲ֪Ҳһֱء
ټױͰͷϣԼϵҲ˿ϣһ㻹ܲ˵ġ
ˣվǰ¸ͣĲУ㵹ǻ򶨣ûбĽţר¸ν
汻ˣͲ˵ˣǶǰĶرãҪƯ·֬ˮ۵Ҳ˸ǳ
ļοˣʲôöûУ¸ôɣ
סһƵڻʲô취
˽ǸԬӵĻ£һŵԵ˼ң֪ǸԬҲʲôö֮ǰ޹ȥ᲻á
ҲùܣûԼҪ޹ȥģպǹĲҲֲñˣѡ·ߣԼһƽ¹Ҫȥ˼Ҵ˼ң
վſ͸ŷ쿴ûκԵĳƫģӣ֪˻ΪǷƵġ
ﲻڼңҲûʲô˵ҲױԩͷأȢϱʱһʾûУȴҪױƾʲô
.

ʮ£͵͵

˵ʵδ̫ˣ׼ⲻԼףȫҵˣҲˣôǸġ
ʵ˵ȥˣһĳףҪܵܳδҲ̫ûˣ˵ȥ±ЦȻֻǰ⣡
ȴӲǰ˵һûҲ˵ģԽԽ㶼ί绹˵
̬һ㣬ϿһЩ˵׼㻹ԸһױǾƾֱ׳̬Ͳױ
ǵ͵ĳӲҲ֪ûбҪΪǸô࣬ǸǰǸ
ڸǰһˣõʲô̬Ҫһе
ôţȴվԺеͻȻеŲģԼǸո̫˰ɣʲô
ԭСʱе㷢ףҲ֪Ķûڼſ£Լǽ˼ҡ
ŲںôˣֻҪԼǰ־ͺãĿȥߵǰοһϣͱ˼ƽˣ
ĵøϽ취һ£ҪȻôȥҲǰ취Ȼ˵ڰ඼ڵϿ϶Ҫ˯İ
Ҳ֪絽ôˣϱ˶˯ʱȴһŨصҩζǺѣҹ˭ڰҩ
ԺĴӴѭҩζһ±㾪ȵķҩζǴӸڳģʱ粻̫϶ҩԡ
ĻǲǾͣˣ
㣬Ҳû̫Ѵ·ϣ׼תͷشϼ˯ҩǰҩĵģûܾ
Ȼתڳž˶ֻҩӴ߳Ȼ͵͵ǽǵһҩ
ҩҪ͵͵ĵ
ﲻֻ͵͵ĵҩѵڵϵҩڸˣô϶ʲôԾĵط
ȵҩݵʱĵ·źҹǽǣҩϵǿϵҩڱǼš
ⲻŲҪһžҩȻǰ̥ҩĴһֻƻţɼҩǰȵģҲѹҪ͵͵ˣ
.

ʮ£δ

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ҲݾߣͰҩϣԼĻ˷䣬ո͵ȥûɻش˯ȴˡ
ֻڻЩԺʵʲôȥˣ
ȥ͵ǽˣһЦʱҲûʲô˯ˣץһͷа档
۾ͷԼСε˵ǽʲô͵ģ˵˵㶼ʲô
룬ȥ͵ɵǽǣҲ֪ԼϱﶼʲôȻȥ͵ǽǡ
ֻͻȻ࣬ǰ·˵Ҹոտʲôûŵҩζ𣿲ʲôҩ𣿡
ԹصҲʮϵʵʲôҩ
㲻˵Ļûע⵽ҩζϸһţŵȽŨصҩζĿζǴӸڴġ
ں˭ˣѾڵ˶Ͼ˹ϵЩ˸ѾûʲôϵˣֻԼ޶
ֻԼ˵ҼصǱǽǵҩͺĹȥһۣųҩǰ̥ҩģʱֻӻ⣬Ӧˡ
ҲǾһ£û뵽羹ȻܸɳֺҪǴȥҪȡЦѽ
⺢ӲòҲ֪ԬҹӵģҲѹǴ˼ҵĹף͸й֮ˡ
ԴҲûʲô˵ģĸƾӹˣҪȻ˼ȢôȥδУǼ޵ԬҲᱻ˿ģ
ҪԬҹӳ谮Ҳˣ谮磬ѾԤϵԺӻʲôˡ
˵ҪǴȥô
ĵĿҲ֪ԬǱǲ֪绳ˣԬǱô㲻ܣ֪δп϶Ҫָָ㡣
ʱܲѹҪԬǱǰӭȢҲûܵģʱǴպż޹ȥˣʲôױױġ
Ļƺе㲻㻹ԥУҲôãһ¶˵ɣͿΪɣǰ¾Ͳܹˣ
.

ʮ£ҷ

˶еߵģѾŭҪȻԲƵ˼ϣ˶ͷЦʲôġ
ץס֮һԺǱָָ㣬޵ԬҾͿԼΪˣһ㵹Ǹоķ˺ĵģ
ԴϴѺڹܾı˲٣˱þ˲٣˵ô粻Լǰһ¡
һֱԼɻʵôˣҵΪһֱҿ
˵ԼϲһѣȻҲûණ
ֻһ˵ֻǸоڱ˺ܶ࣬رԴѺڻ˾ͱ࣬Ҳ֮ǰôäĿʴȣúݵʱʼˣ
ĬһŻ˵ʵǴѺڣɱ˼˵ģûҪȴһɱңԼǴ֮Ҿͱˡ
ǡû̫ˣҲһһѵ飬ɵľܶ߱˵ǲǱò̫ˣ
֮ҡҡͷԵ׼ôɱҲ˵ʲôҪɱ˿ɾͲˣҲġ
ȻǵûжɱģƶѣǸ뷨֣Ҫǻֻʹˣ
һ컹Ҫæ˯Ϊͣһ㣬ûһ߳Ű̥ҩҪױ¡
쵹ҲûдµҪӣԼðױȥȻ˵С˵㣬ôֱ׳ġ
ûҪߣҲͽҪױֻ˵Ͼĸӹϵ
ôĶأԴ˵Ҫּ֮һֱҵط˯˯Ķû֪һɻ˽ʱ͸ؤһڴ˯һޣ
˵⻰ʱ˻ͦͬģĻҪ˯֣мжӵģô䵽زء
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￴һſڱôʱˣúõһ²úѹÿξôһӣҷϣļױò
.

ʮ£ȥ

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ֻƳһ۱ݣǸ߰ӾŽݼֵ˵ҵϹۣôôưͣ仰Ҳҽˣ
ոʲôӿҵģ˭ı¸Ҹ˦ˣ㿴ģҺòɨɾĵֱŪˣϽҳȥ
ݣģҪȡҪȡ֣ʵܲˣͷĽ˦
һ˺ֻʲôưϹ𣿿ϵ·ʲôˣһüϴ·У
㿴ڣĶһΪӵģˣҪΪһǸƴʸбԼ׬ǮԼ˫ֳԷ
ԼҲѹסıˣһ˵˺ܶ໰ԼҲͦɾһСӣΪ˭
ڵʳ׬ӻؼңİѹˣ˵ȥˣ
Ҳִϴ·뿪νļңúһңǸʲôģˡ
Ϊвµɣټ㶼ڵҲڼ쿴ĵˣΪܸ仰Ȼȥ˰æȥˣ
ڵô˵Ҳ֪ǸĴʵܲˣһסצ
۵ֱüͷ־ԵĿһۣҪٶԼֶŵģҪȻŤ֣
һ߸ڳҩһȻ׳С˻ؼңеҩľѾȥȻȥļ۸ܿɹۡ
˵֮ɾԭҪһ²ܸĻٶֻҪ¾ͿˣȻǾԽԽã
Ŵ찡Ǹ빴ҪױʲôģȰߵ꣬̾ʹȥԲһġ
ǱһҲ۵ĻţпյĻ㻹ûسǿһ۵̣˼ֻһڣʲôģ
˵ŵ֮ǰֶˣ˵Ǹæģʵˮģ˶ɾʮҩģãƵĲòڡ
.

ʮ£

һҩĳֽɻҲĸ˾ͿȥˣȻϲ˵ʲôǿƲ죡
ﰡ˰æɴͱ˾͸˺úøɣ˶Ȼҩģֻĥ󹤣Ѿúܶ˿ȥˣƫƫԼ֪
Ҳ֪û°ǣһҲֻǿ˼Ǯˣͽ˼ңûҰǷ롣
ϾҪģɵĵܵܣǶԼС뷨ǿΥ׵ģһ˭롣
²⣬Լ绳˵ԵʰɣҲ˲̫չɣԼ󣬶˱ܵﺰؼң
ڵﶼŵŨŨĻҩζһ̾кµĸֹ˵ǳƸôŹӰ˾Ϳʼˣ
ҲģϾ̫ڼҲܣԼĻҲؼҡ
ŲôǷأֻҪˣǰҾˣ
ҹæ쳹װŻصң˶ͼԼſڸ飬־Ҫӡ
ҩüǮ鼸ȫ嶼֪ˣӲͦ׵ģԽĸҪӡ
鵽زҲٸʹ˸ɫֻϴ־ֱһ˸署
߲ôԼ˫ָ翴˵ҵ֣׬ӻ
ֻ֪ҩüǮҲ⼸ΪֲƬҩĻ˶ʱҲкϱҪҪױһԺôô˽
˵׻ûֻҪӲںӻ᲻ԲϣԼͦõģ̫ںòˡ
ֱһģ̳ģİøְװҪǮҲһޣĸŮ
һʾʮֲмһƲĿ⿴˵ֲǿҩάƵģسǵⲻͦõģҿˣ֪ӡ
.

ʮ£޹

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ֹһӣôǰǰǵӶˣǺ˼ڰڶ̬ȣǱԣĸԸӡ
ʵȥ˳ôһĹҲ֪ʲôϣ֮䶼һ磡
µ죬Ϊ꾫űӵģǰǳԲϷҲǣڲܳϷˣӻ֪ж٣ǲˣⶼ̵ġ
ϣ㻹֪ǰԼԲϷҲӸǣǷǵĺҲͰˣɵһԴĶҪǮҪҶĻš
ûʵ˼ǸŴ갡ǸҪױԺ󻹲֪ҪʲôأҿǲļҵͿ㲻ģ
ǰһվϾѹһͷǹ˼ɶĺӣڿɲҸʲôģ⺢ӿҪġ
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Ҳûдֵ˼ΪԼһҪױɳҲһݼױ˵¡
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أֶ̥۵ֱڵվﲻڼУҪȻҲ绹
̥û˹ܵģոյĽǵĲΧۣЩŮ׷鿴ôˣ
.

ʮ£Ҫ

һֱŶۣһҲһֱôˣү춼ڴѸ
Ҳ֪Լδܻ֮Լô϶ľԼĺӣһҪñ˴ȥϣ
ȻԸ⣬Ҳֻɱ˴ȥϣʵҲȥĴܻЩͣӵĸ˴඼֪ôһ¡
ֻҲ˵һ֪ǽӿ϶ǣҲԺͲܻؼˣʱ˵Ҳûϵ
һڸְ˽ŵĽ˵ţϣҲûۿţƵĸϣף˿ӱס޽Ԭҵеˣ
ǰһܱסӵĴ򣬵绹ẦԸķôʱȥϣҲܱ˵ĺ⡣
û̫ϣ˶֮Ҫݣȴ˵红ûסĻܲˣڸǳܵʱ̥ģҪǱס϶ֵͷϣ
⻰˵ĿɲԣԼ̫̥ûһĿõģôܹͷء
νЦЦǿĵĺܣĻǻò˵ˣȸտʼҪöˣ
Ԥϵһһ˵֮ļʦָǰֵ˵ⷹҳԻ˵ûһ£ԼңžͶ̥ǴһĿõġ
ǰǷ¸ĹˣȻΪˣȷûһ£
Ҳ˵ϹǣοҲûκκôԴһһµȷûһ£Ҳжʹ
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һȥϱȥ죬δеѾȫ嶼ˣʲôͲˡ
ȥһ˾ܿ˾һֹЩ˾͸ûؼҵĻؼңµصµأֹʲôﶼ֪ڽСӸɵĺ¡
.

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Ԭ˸һϼƣҲˣͼĺװɣҪȻĶһ󣬸˿Ц
Ȼ˵ԬԸ⸺ΣԬ˶ȴʮֿϣֻԸԬ檣ҾԵˣȻס˺ӵϢҲһٸ⡣
ԬӦȢ˵ģʱַڣԬǰһ޶־ͲϵˣԬʵڲͷˣݺ˵λǰɣɴҲˣȥ˼Ҽޣ㿴˭Ҫ㣬ҵͿ㣬ܼ޸͸͵ˣͱǲ֪ȥǸҵλˣ
ĸ׿Ƿˣ粻Ը޸ԬǾôȥݾͱˣԬֻһλ֪Сϡ
鶼ݶ绹ô죬ֻܴʣĪ˵磬ʮֲίԼĹŮ檡
Ѿ˼ҵĺӣҪǲ޸Ԭպҵ˼ңҲûİ취˾Ͷˣ˭Ԭ˵أ˵Ȣȥҵģ
Ԭ׼ӭȢţھҲʣµʱ䣬ⳡֻǲִپУصҲҪױˡ
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ڿҲԽԽ󣬶ʮӳȥˣΪһЩС£˵ԼԺӶ˼ԼЩϣ°Ժװһ¡
һǧӹڼﶼ˺üһŽ˲ʮӣ׬ʵǸϻģ߻ǲǷøһ
.

ʮ£

ΪõҲʲôĳ˵°ܣǰڲôôˣֲҩȻӣ༸²ջһΡ
͸ҵ·׬ӣⶫôӶġ
ϧĶôǮɰҪõӻý̤ʵصҩģԼǼĶ̫ˣ
ֳҩһеģĻ˼˺һ˵ʵҲǲܶ򼸿֣ͷӣǵǣȥؼҩġ
ԼͷϵӺϼһ£ÿԹ¼أȻֲҩģ㻹аҪŵ㣬Ȼʱʱ̿ڴ
ԾҪҼ˰ֲҩģȻʱӾǣֲҩĵҪûأûԴң
˾ôоϣڵæµϾŻƵ׬Ǯƣھ͵Űʣ¼ҩ꣬ȻҩĳͿչһֲҩĵˡ
ҩģҩģô°඼˰µʱ䣬ۿڽ뿴ֱ޵صûиȥҩģ
ֻԬҵ˴ҴææûΰߣЩǶûдҲǾȢôؼҶˡ
ϾǰҼ޹ȥģҲ˰ѻ°̫֣ϻεʱվ˶ﻹǿϻεġ
Ա߿ֵ˵Цͦģֻ˵ŵĲףĻǹδеȵҵȫ֮æԼȥˣ
ҹԼҵҩȥӴһ˭ҪأȴҪصˣҪΪ̫
ʳճ֮٣ͷҪٺܶ࣬Щ˼ѾֻʣһЩǲܳЩ
ҲǹԵģѼĵؼˣЩӦȻǶȥϻسҵɣ׬Щͭؼң
ѾָǳϱˣסСɽڿ˵˹ĶҸˣ˵첻ûдԣǮҲʲôġ
ɫʮĶأĳΪĴŻȥЩͺҩϣһʱջһҩġ
.

ʮһ£

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˵ҩⶫǲģԴƬֲҰ﹤ˣȥ죬˵жʮ˽ֲҩĵ֪ʶ
㻨˺üʱ佫ǽɲģֲܹҩˣŸسǣ뿪һж಻ˣ
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ǿİԶǼˣϧкܶԺ󻹵ûһԼҵСݣ˰Ѵϣʡʲôèܽȥ
ͷӿԣ˰Сһ£˵ӲĻֱѡڴ𴦽·סԶǡ
һˣǻһȻǲһ˲һŵģôһƷ˼ңȢôһƷ
عɣҲ֪һ˭֣֮ñǴʵˣǸŶôɵӿܻڹ
Ȼﹴˣɸ㱨ѩޣԼӷϵˣӴ˲£ֱӶӾˣȢ˸ϱǵ迴ģ빴Լñӣ
һ̣ж༤ˣǸмĿ˵Сڣ̰Ͽǻˣһ˶ˡ
ǰһǷǳõģԼæôºԼʼԲˣﻹԼȽֵģ
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ҪôȥȻôæµܰʱԣ½ĸԼƣⲻûеˣҪݣƤͷݡ
ԼݳƤͷӣ
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.

ʮ£

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Լ˸صԵĸ֪˻һûпǧ˭ǰǻԲϷ˼ҡ
̶һʱȻ˴ȴ峤еĵأҪ˵ĸĻĪˣӶҪҪܸɣ
һص̱˸Ҫ˵ҲǼʱ꣬ٲأҪӹ˰۰ˡ
ôæһܸ꣬ɵػҲһʵǲã˼ǲɽһɻģ
ȴ˵Ͱ۵ĻҲû㿴ǻﲻɽƤӵ»ƣʵȴɽǸ档
﹤Ͼǰһһɽ纰ģǹǿɾͲһˣúϰƹˣ
һҲԸɽϾػԼһܸɵ꣬˸Ÿɣţǿɳˡ
˵ɽ˾ٻ⣬㻹ͻȻļͥڸԼ̸䡭ƺǺϲɽ
˵еˣĪҪΪʲô
ͬһȴ£ƫƫȫڱ
һسǣˮûļһڱҪȥַС⣬Щ΢С£κζ鷳һЩˣ
ԼҲ㴦鷳£հŰ£ǵӻûأ鷳
۽ƳⲽĴæĶ÷֪϶ǱֳʲôˣȻҲԼֻԼû
ȻͶȥһε񣬱ﻹ֪զˣ뿪ʣ߶÷㴳˹ԼҲ׹һЩ
һţ÷ܵǰ˿Һ΢ֱ˵죬ȥȾ磬ˡ
ܶ÷Ѿòˣ㻹Ǽ䵭ʵȲҪȸձôˣʲôЩʲô֢״
ձһ㶼þȵģϾǸƽʱҲƶĲӸŮʲôģһͭƤҲôڰ
.

ʮ£֮

Լǰ˲֪ƣܵˣҲͶ÷Ϊżɣ˰ٷ֮ʮĶܡ
ձĲ֢ʱ÷ıͻȻͱúѿƳ˵ڶ˿һۣûǸձĲô
ٳٵȲ÷ĻشҲ³һЩĻȥۻδһԼȥ÷ǰˡ
ϣԶ÷˵ˣʲôֱӸ˵ɣӦѾձ˰ɣô˵ģ
ֻ÷¼ѵĻص˺üһ¶˵ˡ˻ǸҩҲˣĨҲĨˣһöûа
ɼһ̼˶÷˵˵ӿ·𿴵ǰǸ÷˵ɡ
Ҳûô뵽ԼձⲡģȲ÷ĶľԼŮֲ㱾Ǿúѵġ
ִ÷һҩβˣִ÷İ취ֲã㻹ǵһθ˿ⷽĲһʱ֮Ҳ벻ʲô취
ǰ鱾Ͽһ÷ƷҲͼǵô£νһɶˡ
÷̲ܽöӵģȴһ֮ɫҲʶԼùձҪҸģ˵ĻҲû˵ڡ
ξǣձ˴СƢȱͬ˴ǵʱǸĶ÷̵ܹܽ˵ģο˼Ҷ˵ᣡ
ôһףǶ÷̣ܽһǸӰ죬Ҳòȥ÷ܵʱҲ͹ס첻˵ˡ
ڳʲô⣬Լǻø
÷𼱻ǵҸϣձķһֻһڴһҪģһβõġ
һ˶ܻͦ⼲ҲΪԭɣձź˶ûУͷңɫѿֻһ۱֪ŵǸ֮ˣ
Ҳ֪ձһĲ豭ԼƿƬôģû½ŵĵطҲû˸ʰˡ
÷ձԶԵһԵ㣬ǷѿͻȻŷϣ֮ɫڴʵôҵ취ҵĲ𣿡
.

ʮ£һ

ձ⸱ģ÷һʹ治ձϵļߵ˵ⲻǣҰҹˣڸѧҽɺˣ϶а취ģ
ƨ˵вûҶˣ㲻˵ȥõĴҿǸʲôҲҪõĴ򡣡
Ƕ÷ձͼȻԼͿ˼ŵһԵĶ÷Ͻ˳
һĲ⣬㻹ˣתҪͬʱ˵ȻҾͻȥˣҸõĴɣ
ˣʱ˿ǷĲûձ֮ǰΪŶ÷˴ãȻĲߺˡ
㣡˵ʲô磬ԹۣЩβĲĶҸõĴȥ
÷һ֮Ĩǰ仯Ҳӵʱ䣬÷ҪǸִȥЩӰȦ˱һ˭ȿ޳ܶͷ
Ǻҽˣ֪ô޲ߵĲΣʱŵùҡ
ε÷ʱסˣʲôҲ˵Ҳ֪ԼڵڸʲôձһѾûˡ
Ҳ˵һرֵŮ֪ʲôӣֲʲô²ʾˣձͨȫβˣ÷űһԵ뷨ȥ㣡
µҲЩˣ߹ס֣ȴ㿪ΪָոմձӶʲôġ
ΪԼǰŮûʲôиУһˣαŪ⸱ʮܵأϾռŮ塣
÷ڻᣬȵ˵һ죬˵㻹ܸյģԶ÷еֻһ񣬵
ΪһŮ˺ڵĶ÷ԱȣΪ÷ܶҪã֣Ůڵ˼̫أһʱ֮ԸĵĹ
ԹȵģϾձһǸһȫûֵȥȵġ
Ͳס÷һֱĥӲݲİȻӦˣձһǧһ⡣
.

ʮ£

÷ֻÿĵȰ˵ôʱҲûţö÷ԸԼŮ֮ǰձĴйЩҪʣ
һĻҪձǴģǡϾ߰ҪǴȥɾͲˣξձҲģԻǽиĴá
ҲûĹŮλ򣬻ܵС㣬سҽõλ򣬷ֱǳ´ʲô¾ǰɣ
͵Ĵ΢΢ףǴкˣɤʵҶλҲûʲô£ֲصʲôزˡ
λӶԷһۣͬⲡĳ˰ҵʱͲĺˣ˵ȾĻأ
ˡͷҲ޲ˣҿǻЩ׼°ɣǶעŵ㣬Ⱦˡ
Ȼ˵Ǵ򣬵ǶձĲҲǱ֮ǿҲʲʲôˣö÷һ۵ˣ
뵽Ѷ÷˳ԼһձڵƺͿˣһ𣬶÷һĿɫ
Ҳ֪ĸǧİⲡ硭
µ÷ˣĬȥҩŪҩձȣǰԸ÷ձҪӴˡ
ҸձùëԼòʱ·ɹǹı죬֮һҪûյ
÷ΪԼᱻȾʲôģδй࣬Ҳҵæ˰ձùҪëȥ
׼ǰҩһˣ⸮ŻûȥԼŮӿ޺ͣŲϸһڼЩϤ
˳ŷѰ˹ȥ⸮ϵĲ⣬⸮ڶҶվ⣬ԼӶڡ
Ҳ֪ǲǸʲôƺؽȥŮӣĽкǷģ
޿޿ޣʲôޣһĲؼյС˯˾ڵòҲҵġ
ֻյĴһ⼸仰²⵽һЩձб£ȻܰѸôѾ߸ƭ֣
ǸȻѲȾЩϣҲѹҪЩ˹ˣúõһұձŪ˭˭
.

ʮ£˵

ĶӱȰˣձҲ˶ˣĪҪΪˣʵڲֵãǿϧ⼸Ѿūˣ
εҡҡͷƽԴҲǱȽϿģδЩΪūΪ澵ŮӲ˿Զپеϧ
ĻҲٶ˵ʲôҲ֪ʲôɫתͷȴվﲻ֪õ㡣
ֻɫĻһЩûôѿƺҲûٺɫģ
Ǻʱվģ𣿿ЩȥɣطɾҲ˼
ſҪߣȻƳһ۷ŽĲ񷿣ǰ˵ձѾȥˣ׼ȥΪץҩȴж͹ۣ
صҲǵǲŮӰɣʹôǹڲ񷿣ȻЩѾҲмʱ˰ɣһ𣿡
ĿеǼеľȣԼ÷ֳĿձѾײǸΣǲǼͲͬˣ
ֻ̾˿а취ΣҷϽǹڲ񷿣ôһֱкͣ𣿲֪ĻΪŰˡ
ŵùǣȫκò˵ڽеǼκõģ
ͷһԼӣ֪òЩŮӣβ˵ģҶⲡҲǱ֮ǮԸε֡
ô˶޲ߵĲʲôκأ
÷˵һβרƺҲΪ˸ձβģеŲһձͰŪ˵á
ȤԼԥıȰףǹҲǵһԣһκüء
ȻˣҲٹôֻ࣬βʱСŵ㣬ĪҪҲȾǲɾĲǾͼڲ񷿰ɣʲôʱʲôʱų
ô仰뿪˴˵أѼǰȥҽץҩôҪΣôҪҩҲֱӷ˺ü
ϴӶȫڶ÷ҲҩǮѾŲӸ㣬ֻץҩǮȻѾߣ
.

ʮ£˵

Ȼ㿴һЩҩģƹ֮ȴһЩƽҩƹҪȴԶһġ
Ȼ˵Ѿϴ˲ӣǵƹ˵ļ۸ʱҲǱˣۺʮֵҩģǾȻҪһ
ȻҪķ٣ҲòôӵģƹȻڿˣҪôߣֱȥ
ƹ񰡣ҿЩҩģڶգֻҪûкѩǶҪۡǲ̫ˣ
㿴˵ĿЩƣüһģ˵۸ǻشԶҪȻŲҩģû뵽ҩľȻز
ֻ֪Լҩļ۸ͦˣû뵽ЩҪ۸ߣĶͨģǲҩģǾ͡
һ黬źɷµ˵һ˼ҾͲ˰ɣһ־ǳڼ廨ŮˣĶ֪˴Ϊ˲ɵҩĻԿతġ
ҩȻǳǷɢȽϡ裬һһõģһҩĻҪʱûУ۸㰮򣬲ҵĵﰭ£
ƹͦţԭõҩһģͬ˵һͲˣ˼ҾԼܰʱɡ
ֲӰûУ۸ҩ꣬Ҫŵˣߣ
ȰʡʡɣҩҲۣ˵׼⻹أʱ˼ǹܵˡ
ƹҲ֪Լҵҵҩģȴ̰ĵĲ뽵ۣ߾˵ļǮǰʮа㻹ص
ƹ㽲ʱ̬ǽһ⣬ɰˣŴѾ߶û˵Ťͷߣ˭ȻֲҩģҲ˿ץҩģֵط
⵹뵽һ⣬ҩֻȴӲҩҽЩطҩӣҩ꣬һȫѲ𣬻ͷ͸һ£ԺҲҩġ
Ը⽵ͼ۸㻹ͦ⽫ԼֲҩǣǾ͵ŹŴˣ
Ȼ㾪ȵǣ˳кüҩ꣬ҩһûбǰǼұˣƹ˵ҵҩľس˵ˡ
.

ʮ£Թ

سͨĺǾԲܵòİҪȻǳҩðѼҵ׸ûˣκԼģ
˼Ҷ˵ҽģȴĿҩ˽ҩǮϲ˳ûҩ˸һ٣ôж÷ĴѾš
ļңȫУѾ̲ס˵С㣬Ҫ˰ɣȫô󣬺ۼүӣ˰ɣ
˵ʵر䣬ѾҲûʲôصѣ˿̵˫ʮֱظ»ᱻֻôȰ˵䡣
ƳһѾ΢΢ֱһķһ˵ǵҩȫֵôЩӣǮҲôİ·򵽸õҩģͲˣȻؼң
Ѿ죬ʲôû˵ڣԹԵĸˣʵ˵ȫûбҪģϾ÷ûӷȫҲ˵ʲôֺô鷳ء
Ƕ÷ֿտյĻżʵô£ǲҩȥôôֻˣҪҩسûлôţ
ΪżԵʰɣ⻰һʱ˵ĸо
һͬȥĴѾЩˣſڱصطˣҩҩãҪ̫أСòֵǸ۸񣬶ŪõģԡǾû򣡡
Ǹʲô綼ʲôﻹںǼǮֲﲻĲô죿
Ѿôһ˵÷˾ըˣ˿ҲԼǲǿǷŮģȥһֵĻ㡣
⻹һô㣬ֻͷһ壬ҲǺĻصҩҩļ۸߾ˣؼҲûõЧҲõ
Ҳ˵ҪȥһЩĶ׬ôЩӣŪõҩģձ˿ܻõĿһ㣬ҼȻҲ͸ұ֤õõҩ֮ǰͶˡ
ʲôͲҪôˣΪֵҵͷˣ˵ռʱĸһֱãһֱģ
㶼ԭĺô뵱ձôģʱձһԹۣӲ֣ˣ÷ȴǽŵĺܡ
.

ʮ£⻹˵

֮ǰΪ˶÷һֱԿ氤㣬ô˿˵ĹȥԭǰԴ÷ǰٰá
ȴֻôһӣôҲûбҪˣʵҲΪ˶÷룬һŮˣû⸮׬Ǯˣ
ҪΪձ⻨ôӣ׬ǮľͲһձɲ׶ӣѸüˮСѾ߶ˡ
ֻԼ֪׬ӵݲףѾձĲǰ÷ӴӻԶ÷Ҳ
ϧŮ˺Ļǰ㶫ûУ˵ǰձ׹Ů׶ӣ÷Ǿš
Ҳ֪ôΪ룬ãʵ÷˵ֲʱɫѾ΢˵仯ģ
ô˵أտʼö÷Ů˸ȻͦһģԼʱôǱŮ˿ܲˣֶš
ǰɲôܻӻӣǷݽڼͶôһҰ帾ŨȤ˭֪Ź˶ãѾҪˣ
ôһѣ÷ĺãһʱ֮е㲻֪룬Ǹȴϡ
ҩĵͲҪˣʵȥչձǣھȥŪҩģͻڼҰĵžˣ
˵Ҳ÷ǸĻᣬԼתߣжίֻǲٸûĻŮ˶˵ϻ
ƺѾе㿴˵λãǾȫԼ컯ˣ
㲽лصʱͿǸߴվſڶԼˣҲ֪ǺʱԼ
ֻ߹ʵô£˵ĸˣ˵ձʲô󲡣Ͱ㺰ȥˣôˣ
ȻǣסƣЩʱȫԼů֡
ͷ£ſڱصˣʵܲκҶȷҪõҩİҩ˵ھ͵øһش壬ȥŪҩĻ
û⣬㣡
û˵ͷӦڵԽԽˡ
ȥҩ飬˵аǵҩĿɲ˼ˣʵҽǴȥҩץҩģƹȻҪӣ⻹ˡ
.

ʮ£Ͼϵ

һôѰ˼űҿ϶ûôˣһһʧֱӰӲҩϲϳȥˡ
ǵҩĿɲˣǣҲøǼӸô߼ˣҪȻһ˲˿ô죬Ҳ̫ˣ
ԼԶǮҩģر²ҩЩˣΪԼ׬Ĳˣû뵽Щ˻̧ۡ
ҵǲ˵ĻǻҩˣЩĵľˡ
صкŪƥȥ㱻Լǰ棬ԽԽõͻȻҪƥɣҿͦõģõ㻹ܴȥԶһĵط档
ʱæˣϲǿѧϰпջǺúɣ֮ǰҲûǺú
س֮ϲӴ࣬ټڣͲȱĶԼ飬ʱʱͱϲӻʲôġ
ûǸ˶ֻ֣һԿˣЦŵ٩䣬ʲôͷԷ֫򵥵ˣЩǴѧȥģһƣƺǲֻۣЦ
ԴӵֵҲǲǰߵﶼǵĹע㡣
ı仯󣬶ûٳԣƤðľû仯ˣֲܾʣϲֵģ˾Ǹ˶
ͱ˵ɣͣƯ·ʲôĶûٸ򣬰Сĸ˼ҵǧСһ
ƥûʲôģȥԶĵطһֱ˼ҵȽʡ°ˡ
ɫѾɫ磬Ҳû̫ˣֱȥԼҵŪ˵ҩľͻȥˣ
سʱ˷磬ԼѸţȾ˷纮Լνǰ⻹䣬ʲô
ΪϾ˹ϵԼسҲм˵ԵʣҲû˵Լǰľסؿⲻ֪ʱѾַ졣
ԭûбģֻΪ֮ǰ˵˼仰ﳳ˼죬оı仯ƢͻȻĺܴԵʣͻɣǲʲôɾ
.

ʮһ£ִ

˴Щ취ǹѪСģ˫°ܳɸζŨصģǵˡ
ָһܣŭ𣬸һȫСΪ֮𾪵顭
һҷϵȻһ٣Ȼ˵ûнڴҲ㹻˶Ŀ࿴ˡ
һδҲûֵʲôôԼҸ磬Լֶཫһ٣²װǲ٣û´һ·
ºˣ˶ڴ϶ˣԷˮö˹ȥ˵ȥԼˣǸá
һ̱ҲźˣɴֱʰҲٷԣҪ˵Ҳй¶ٶҲװӣ
ʵڶĲˣԼȥŪڳԵ㣬ѳˣҲֻһǿܳȥĶ·˷׷Цô˾Ȼ
ʱŰйˣϾ˼ݲһˣĺֱ㣡
ô˻йźԼ˳ɻһ֮ˣԼС̣ͻˡ
ɶû˵ȥﲻ⣬˵ͷȵģ֮ǸֵĲɸѵһ٣ЩȢϱһ
ⲻǸɲõģϴ붼ܸˤ˵ǹģϴ룬ﻹϣǲɱĳܣ
һߣһ簾ҩձιȥ˳ѾŮˣҲţﻹб£ǿǷҩҲͻؼˡ
ۼŶҪѩˣ㻹źѧû᲻ţҪҪ¹ȥ
ĥЩС£ǱɺѾ̤ԼҵţﻹǵһسǣĵȻô֮Ҳǿ۽磡
ԭҲôĿˣЩӣһžŵ˱ǵζζоǰӵζ
ʱĶӾ͹ûںԼĶӣȲ裬ԼһС˹ȥ
ãԭأ̫ˣҶҲĶˣ
.

ʮ£磿

￴ʮĸ㽲˫˵۾ȴĶƣ浱ǿء
ֻǶ޶˵ĵʾɻôͻȻܵԼҵν²ȷ˿϶ʲôģ
ôˣԶġ
ܾܲΪͼɡ
ƳһļҲû˵ʲô֮˳ָ˸豭æһʵ˲Ъš
û뿴˹ҲûʲôģԼǲߵĵ϶û˵ˣȻԡ
ǹǡ˳æⲻ۵ڼҳһֱ˭Ҳ˭ҺȰǶٱҲãѰ˼ȥȰһȰ
ﵹûֱ˵ȥźˣȰƭȥ˵ˣֻҪһȥź
пվźûǵسס˵س˸ԺأټεĻᣬڼѾʼԼİˣ
ĻƵ˵֮䴲ͷܴβͣҪ˶ÿ϶ûµģⶼ׶ˣܲΪɢ˰ɣ̫ǡ
㱾ܵĲ˵ĻǸĬԵԸܸﳳǲúù˰ɣ˵ˣѾǶϾ˹ϵʲôݹȥȰ˵أ
ˣӻǶϾϵ𣿿㻹ǵһ¶Ͼϵ顣
ɲֻǳ۵ˣҪȻĶôذ﷢ô飬һȥɣ˳ȰȰ
סۻС֣ǴжʱĽĲˣȻǮ˰ȻҲʲôɵģȴûۡ
Ȼǻؽʲô֬۲ţ뵽һĽԼզôɵһӾͼ޸
ΪǸǮģȴǸڼɽյģ⻹иĸأҪûԼҪˣ
뵽
Ų豭ĥﰤˣ²ҪԼҽҩѣ
Ǿܾ˰ɣ֮ǰΪŶϾϵ飬ĸ׿ǿҺĪ˵Ȱˣȥ˿»һʲôأ
.

ʮ£

˶Ͼϵĸ˸֣ϾϵʱﵹûбֵĶֻų첻ţһֱ߶߶İĻ
⻰˵ĿɾͲˣϾôأ϶Ҳи鰡ϲ˵϶ǵģ˼;ӲЩ
쵹ͦ˵ϴףֲµʱˣɺʱͻȻı
ĶͲȥˣϣȥϾ˹ϵյֻڲ
쳣ϵ˵ĸˣյҲˣ˵޹أôҲܲˡ
ЦɶȰǣȥȷû
Ҳһ㣬ֳҽҩѣ˵ӲȥڹϵѾˣǲȥҲû˵ʲô
ҲͲ²ԼǸϾϵܶû취װǣҪûйϵ˵Ļٻðࡣ
ûκԥľͺϾϵˣݵͣһֱһӴĸġ
Įе㲻֪˵ʲôֻڨڨЦţʱɵЦſˡ
ֻһǰδеı˵ȥɣǲҵȥǵҩҲǺõģΧɲ̫ƽ˵üҵҩĵضƻˡ
ɰʾԼǿĻ㶼üͷǷǵǻȥһˣҲ֪ôѾĻԼȥǸǰں簡
ֵСӻٻԼҵҩĵأһʱ֮ǽѣЦһȥɣҪ߲粻ǻţ߰ɣǱҲõġ
Ͷȥһĵ񣬻ɺ˰ԼĵشĻ˼ҶżˣȻţֻƣ˫ȶȥ
֮ǰ˫ȥ㿴ȥʱһֲõԤУѾ߳ˣСһʱѾʧȺУ
뵽Ǹ޺ԸʮֲģرǸŮڣʱǻشˣʱϰӵ˼˻
.

ʮ£

аһæ÷Ǳ߻Ҫ࿴ţҪҲðߵ鰲׵ʱ뿪һ£
ôҲൢʱ䣬û˵ȥԼͷ취һ£ߵĻʱæµʱһǹ˲õ̵ġ
Ƕ÷Ǳе鷳ȻԼձԼ߸ѾβôԼ͵ţҲ˵Ҫش忴ŵƣҲֻܰȥһСĹ
ϸǰҩǺ£ϻһǵûкתһ·̵ʱ䣬شҲֻܿôһʱ䣡
ʹҲǴȥϾҲȷӵ׻ɳʲôֻͼǮƻ˵һͼıͲˡ
һĵģȵ̴ȣԼȥҿ˿ձԼ˵ûʲô¾Ūƥش忴
ȻԽż鷳Խ̤࣬ҵĴˣȴһѾ߼Ҵܵ÷ǰ˵һСѾ߻赹ˡ
֢״Ҳ˲ЩѾߵĲһֲòȥһۣһҪʮһСѾͷȻҲȾֲ
ʱ÷ɫҲе㲻ÿˣСѾһŪѵͳСѾͷƬӣȻҲձ飬ֱ֪߳ܣ⸮ѾŮûһˣƶСĴʲôˣ
˵⻰ʱƲƲ죬ҲǲԼıֱӻˣ˼Ҷ˵һĲ죬ձǲˣһԸôеͨ
ЩѾ˵ЩˣǵòĹҲȫϣձóеһΣ˵÷һζǣ˵ձһػ
Ǳ÷ֵСѾߣһ¶֮ɫʵС䲻֪˵ʲôǰر䣬С䲻䣬ȾϷ纮𣿡
ʲôȾ纮㡭˻װʲôɵأûϹʱͱ˵ˣҲû˵ʲô
˵ʱ÷Ҳݵģ֪ԼӵⲡʱҲǺ޲ҸطȥģձĲˣҲΪԼòܾͲҴɣ
ֻСѾһ£ȻֱӹؿͷСװ׵ģС֪ԼǸū澣ûʲôۼҹϲĵطԴûй֮İ
.

ʮ£ס

ⲡūĲ֪ôõģ˿ū澴С⸮нݵķݶϾȾū澰ɣ
ı鲻ѣԶ÷˵СѾͷʲôˣɱ⸮òĿɲձһˣǼǡ
˵׼ǰⲡȾС䣬ҪǼǵûĻ⸮ѾСһ㶼Ǻüһ˯İɣ
ô˵÷ˣԵĴѾԴֵ̿˵С˵ĲǵȷǺü˯һģô˵ǽӴҲòˣ
ǰᣬǲϴëԼȥãȥ˾кܴʱȾôСù˵Ķ˵·𣿡
㿴СѾ߶޳ˣɥСϵ·㲻Ҫģʱûк·ӸˣҲ֪·ò
⺢ҲɵεҡҡͷҲȥڵ̱š
Լҿ԰Σͷ˸㵥ڸԹԴŰʱҩúϢ϶ģ
㾡ܵȰοСѾͷ˴ʱһ޿ӣҲûߣԼһԵĶ÷˵ձйܹϵǼѾӦö֪ǰɣ
Ȼ˰ǼԼëʲôĶյȻ¼ǵȥϴ֣оǣѾС˽й
ûã˲Ǽ˵ĶձҲ⸮ĹӣƽʱûʹԼ˵ϰ߰ɣ
ûеģ²˳٣ͰǶй
÷϶ĵͷȻԼתҪȥḮеˣûֵ߳ȥɣùĶûʲôˣǱ߻е㼱£Ȼȥˣٹ
ʲô±Щ»һŽסأϾ㿴⸮ԽԽ˵òǸβģĹǣǣ
һ˵߶÷ʱ;òˣΪһŮԼĸͷôˣҲŰæһ⡣
÷ǾûʲôµģǲŰˣ˵ҲӦôòˣһǰҩǺȣʲôˡ
ɲܶ÷ĲƳһԼ˵ⲻ취κҲǸϴСˣôסأ
.

ʮ£ͼɶ

зֵòֱӵǣһʱҲˣһ˵ЩյĶһͲȾȥˣġ
ԼҲûдձɵĺ£ƾʲôʰ̯ӣֲձӣôһԼβҲΪ
ԼͼʲôԼҩģ̲ûձβձһⲻΣǰԼŤͷ˰
뵽Ҳ÷˵ʲô¹ܶ÷ôûסڸס£˵취κǲǼٻ
⿿ǼҩǲκǵģάŲǵٶȥܲܿס㶼Ҫ۲ţ
ʲôҲûشȥҪҲûԼңŪƥɫϾϡ
ǰ϶ҹĳţسҲˣس΢ƫԶһЩĵطһƬڰһʲôϵľҲ˰æȡ
Ҳ֪ڿµ·һյϣһ·ҲһͷǰδеٶǰļҸȥ
ֲָĺڰһ·ܵǽһľʵҲʲôûУһƽµĵԼǰļſڡ
վſڵʱ˶ˣŵʵ㣬ôôܹˣԼģ
ǽ۵ʱ̲סҪ۾ˣһۣһƥɫ֮ͱ޻Ҳ˵ҹԼġ
һ˵ȱ˵ˣҽȥֶҪˣ
̫żˣ㻤ֵĶûһ·紵ֱͨ죬߬͵ˣҪץסͻˤġ
ס֣оһƬ֮·Ҳûů͵ӹеĵϨϡ
ʶû¯Ը㿾ʱ˵Ь·ˣȥţҸմ滹Ⱥģ
ʵǶˣû˵ıҲŸµĹ£ҽ˫ַԼůţҲʲôġ
Ͻů˿˵ⲻǵ㱻ǼŴϵܹˣ˵ﵽôһ£ǵҪǴʲô
.

ʮ£˸

˵Ǳҵ²Ҫź򣬲ɫʵڲʲôҵĸֶӴһһġ
²ˣﲻү֮ү˿첲ȣ
˵ү￴ѰҸѣҿ϶ûɶ£װ²˴ˡ
ǱﻹЩ̣ô֮ǰʵȻԼԹۣȴٸôԴԼ
Ϊɶİһ͵ˣؿ˿Цˡ
Ҳãһ첻һˣϣϵһȢŮŮδб˽ӣͷչִ
ֵĽϧ㲻ܿһʢˡ
ΪԼЩ߰飬Ϊҵ죬;ҵǰһˣΪʲôණѪʲôһ
˵Ҳһʮεı飬ڵóɸѪ˵ĳڻڿഫأҪô˵ǳ׳أ
ҩĵһпҲȥˣûбƻʵһֱͦǻԼҵĵظƻء
Լֲһֱţ»ͷ취˵֮ǰҵЩ˵ǿһķֱڸҩĵء
ǶҺʵũ񣬳˻Ӷͷۿܶû࣬ö̵һǣ˵ȭŹǺбҪģ
Ҫʱ̹߶ʮһֱѹˣɲｲôϻ
ˣʲôϾǲԺ֣
뵽Լ컹Ҫҵ£ɴֱӸ˵㻹ǵӣܾɽıֲԾǱ˸һ˵ĸоࡣ
ҲǣһƵԼûĶǹԹԵĵͷʾԼ֪ˡ
Ҳûʲô˵ˣĬһ㷢˵ʵ㲻ҵģϾҶôˣʲô²ܽģ
.

ʮ£

뵽һܹͦģϾھôԶ;֪ŶٸһԼʲôô졣
֪ڵֻҪЦ治꣬ôҲҩĵģҩܾ˵Ҳܵģ
˵մ㶫;ޱȵģ۾ʱʱ˵ģֻ㲻óðˡ
ʵҲоɿҸɱһûʲôڰɣզˣ
뵽Եı仯̲סüͷҵզˣ֮ǰֻǿ̣ڶʲôģˡ
Ǹɿһڨڨ˵ʵɣޣҸУǵ֮ǰһߵʱ
ҸǸȾʱ˶ôΪû뵽Ҳ˼ҹܵҵķǿҸǸ
Ȼҿ϶ǲԸˣһǸطһŻӣҲ֪ڻܲˣĿǲˣ
ΨһĹڣʲô¶ûп϶㣬˵ǲˣҪȻҲǸӡ
Ͼ׻û£ܣ¸ܿǸ𣿴ǿ϶Ĳܣ
û뵽˵ɫ˲Ʊ鲼˵ʱ飿ôأ
һţǸҪ۸ӣ뵽ʱŭǺһɡ
Լɥ²˵ھȻű㣬ǸӾԼôҲܣ
޲ھȥڰһ٣ļϵˣʲôʱܹģ
Ҫɱ˵ӵһ£µ˵ˣ鶼ȥôˣһҲͰԺˣǣҪ˿Ц
˵ˣҲܵӦеĳͷˣھɣҪűǾٺúøˣ
ΪڣҲûܵڰһ٣ǼˣһôűȥҲӾҲ䲻źôһĥҸɸ飬ܲܰôһξɣ
.

ʮ£ֺ

æµһ죬ټһ·ӱޱʵۻˣů֮˯ҲϮû˵ϼ仰ͷ˯ˡ
ߣû˵ĵһ˯ĻǺģһ˯ž۾ǣƺ̫ˣô㶼
Լһ˳ô࣬Ů˿϶ܲ˵ģ֪ôһôϵģ֪£ɾ͵ŵùˣ
˵ʲôҲҪɺúһ㡣
ڶһ磬΢΢ʱ㴩ˣΪ÷Ǳö࿴ŵ㣬ֻóȥҪȻԼҲûɶ¡
ſڣ޽ǵ鷢ڶʮص˵ȥɣŲ⣬ôչ˺Լģҡ
ҲϵĻԼˣϳʵ̫ΣգһʲôأԹڼҴűҲʡҵˣ
ðɣ㣬Ȼȥ˰ܾȥͱˡ
㵹ҲûмŻҪİﵽϣ̧ͷ㿴Լһȳһյ߳һһֱȥ˰ũߡ
׼ȴϵԼԱߵ·׼ŵӣ˵ϵ˶ûȫҪʲôȥ
ĵĶʲôɰǻЪȥɣˣɱٶʲôˣȽŶûã
ǴŲЩ̣¹ͷж̣һڼľͿԼ·Ƴʲô
ֺв£ξ磬˼ҳ޵ĹŮͻңƻţⶼҲһԼĸס
ôԼõ飬ҡҡͷһκĺ˵ùңʲô¶ûУﻹЩСûأһһ¿ܻõĿһ㣬òÿų
ǲ뿴Ҳô˵ǼҪԼȥߣʵǲܸػġ
ȰǷеũߣʮͷһȥ䣬ûԼȥɢɢģҪ˶þͻˡ
.

ٰʮ£ֲ

Զ֮Ҳ뿪˴ӣҲûȥôԼڳԵĶûŪȥԼҵҩĵˣ
Լ˷˶ԵģҾôζɹ뷽跨Ҫһ󲿷ֻȥȲ˵ԼԶ١
٣ҲһҲµŪߣ˵ǸԣʵҲһڲٳԵģͲˣ
ҲΪ£ԼԲڣһ߻÷ҪǶɵˣҲûҳд
ĶӹУŶӶ˵ȥҰǲǵڶûأûͰҾȻͻȻİӣһ
һӣ˵Ҫһӳԣҳһһ˵ִʮʮרӵһҲʮ
ſھҪô࣬ܳ𣿲·žζ𣿲˵²ˣôôθڳԣ
϶Ҫ²һˣԼҴ⿴һۣ׼վȥڽȴԸµ˵ˣҪȥаɣӸĶôףֲ˵ȥɡ
ʵڶˣҲûȥȥˣ֪˼ƽճȭؽڶˣɼж
һߣ뵽ڴûﲻɵеСƿȴûԸԼҪһĻСﴲ̱ʰĸɸɾֻǲ
ôһȥĶɻٵĻУϾ¯ûУһ䣬ôɻΪ˵ˣȴڼֻ
ߣ϶ܵǼҩĵȥˣҪȥ
ûвɶźǿҵĻ뵽Щҩĵ׬˲ӻؼңɰʻˡ
һҲûͭ壬һԽԽˣȥôУ취ԼҲֵҩֲͷǽԼֲ
Ҳûȥ͸ţͷȥ̸ЩҩôֵģԺҲȥɻˣڼźǺüĶؾ͹ˡ
.

ٰʮһ£

ڶЩѹģôȥڣھôʹҪԼһǸʲô顣
Ȼɺﶼû͵ȥ̸ˣҲģȻҵȣȵ綼
һֱʱŻλƵ˻Ҫ˵ĸҲݣȶۡ
˼Ҷ˵˽һģҲڼҺúЪţκμﴦΪˮȾˣʱʱĻ˭ܵ˰
ֻȳԼȥߣĲۣ첲϶˺ġ
ʱû˵ԼЬӱ㳯ȥ·һȳһղ߿죬ЬӳȻûȥ
һ죬ȥĻʱˣɫʵַʲô裿
û˵ʲôģʮĺǳ˵ҸʲôĶȥһˣﶼҲˣ㲻취˼ܣǲң
ʲô취Ҳ֪ǮҪȻô۵ĻҲŲɣҲǰɣбԼȥԣб±㣡
ҲƢˣүƵһ׼ܡ
˵ʲôƨм˼Ů˳ȥ׬ӵģ͸ֻûɷĹѸŻԼ׬ǮңֻҪȥҾԼ׬Ǯô
񶾵Ļеʮ𾪣Ī˵ǸѰ˶˵ôĻãȻôԼɷ򽲳ֻ
ֱ񶾵˼£ϹôȢôĺŮ˻ؼҡ
ֱվָıӾʵڱۣŴ㶯Ȱ˵䡣
Լ׵ļ˵ȱ̫ˣĸҪô׬ЩӣҲɵ飬ĲˣͲ㽲ˣһֱҲأĸײЩġ
ΪͲˣֻԼ˵ϣʲôʱҪģǰС㲻ԼܣʲôҲҲֵ𣿡
ֻƽ̫ĬˣӲʹľǸɵӣûġ
.

ٰʮ£

ʮֲԣɻǰĴ㽲Ϊ϶Ӧ벻Ȼûϸһ¾ֱӾܾ
ʱҿǸɵӣôõ鲻ɣҪȥ˸ɻǰɣո˭Щ۵ģ
Ҫ׬ĶҲˣһûͭɶģһ۶ָӲͷ챻ѻˣ
Ҳ֪ΪͻȻǱһƵģں˵ũˣͷѾͦõĳʳˣǱͷҲ԰ˣ
˵ھóԿˣбҲһȥҸǮƣϺӵͷȥ
ƽﲻ˵ǲ˵ǽһһԵﶼէ࣬û뵽Լôһ档
һߵʵȥˣΪͷ۵ε˵ʲô컰ﶼ˻ܸ£㿴㣬ﲻˣ㻹ú̸
ͷ͵ԼһۣĪĻ˼СͿôˣڸҺúˣطȥǲҪˣ
ôţôҽҴңǲǲҹȥˣϣԼҸƯģ
Σܹˣ㿴Ǹʲôӣƽˣ㶼ʼˣھǶ࿴һ۶
ʵ˵˰ɣһҩͦõģҽҲһ㣬ΪҲԸڼߣ
ڸѡҪӻҪɷԭôԴģڻһҩĵ£ҪôҺ룬ҾҩģҪôǲ룬Ҽȥɣ
ۼԽԽңԽȰ˸ɴĴˣһǺ
ѡ֮ǲ뿴£ǲܵģ֮ĶȥǸɩǲصġ
ֻöݺݵ˵룿뿴ǰɣƫҪ㣬бԺͱ
һˣʲôҲ˵ҲһŴ˯ˣֱܵĴ˯Ҳٶ˵ʲôԼһȳһ
.

ٰʮ£Ϊ

һߵŸôӳֱƽģûĻǲôĵֲҩĵģ
˵Ļûô࣬ԸˣҲֻϵƣƺھϸӵƣ
ⶼɵģֻҪͻúɣǶģǽĳֻʲôû
ҲȥҪҪһֲҩʲôġ
һߣǰϰŸҩģǱߵ˾һĹ۲죬֢ЩļŮѾûмȥˡ
Ҳ˵ǺȵҩˣڵһʲôأֵַѾĺصĻûһü
㱣عǲ̫أԼҩǵþͲ̫ʹˣתõŮö÷תƵķ䣬صĻǴڲ񷿡
һ߶÷ǼϵˣձҲûתõļʵҲԼ㶼˲ҪôƢʲôģǲ
Ȳ˵Լ󶯸λˣʱ岻ȥ˭⣿
ʵû취㿪ʼְϵҩһЩȻԼ׼Ūҩԡһ£Ļֻҩǲá
ϣҩԡһðɣձ÷˵ǵطǸˣѾõˣҩԡҲûİ취
ǲڣʮͷִۣа취ͳ˸⡣
ϣ÷ĲձҩԡõĲ⣬һС˶ź÷ٴȾȥԾһֱԼΪ
ŮǱ߾㸺ˣǼһľͲôæˣؼкüصģ챻ڲ񷿣ڼԼǿ޾ֵģڵûˣ
һæ궼ҹˣɴҲˣҵĿͷֱס£ʵۻˣȻ󰤴˯ˡ
Ƕ÷ձ΢һ£ƫƫͰ̱˵ôźһҩԡݵı˼ŮǱʱ䶼
һߣ÷ٳٲط˯ŹһۣͿôչԼӵӣעط
ȵ÷ձϱ׼˳ʱſſڿԼǿЦЦ߹ȥ˵ôˣҲ˵˯õҵ𣿡
.

ٰʮ£ҩԡ

Ŷ˯žŹһۣձôˣŮҩſɻЧ
˶÷һۣȻԼȥǶ÷ȥǣأȻоΪβǣԼˣȴʲôûʳڡ
ҩ֢Ѿ߳кԵЧձԼЩصľһЧûУⲻǸոŪһҩˮձݸҩԡҲ֪᲻õ㣡
а⻨̲ƵļܰѵòκѾǷǳˣձҽи׼¹ô˼ҺӾˣĪҪûκձʲôġ
֮ǰм²סµ֪ģ֪֮ȫΪ÷˵Ƕôûĸ׺͸磡
ٲȻѾձ֮ǰǰ˵£ʱ;ö÷̫ƽϣ˼ҺӶ˳ɼˣ϶Լ鰡ֲǲˣϾ͹⻹У
ùձ£ҪҪûϵҪ÷ձ̫أͬԼϵ⣬ĪΪӶŮġ
ǺȰ÷ȴе㲻⣬΢˵ү˵ʲôձ϶µģܺġ
Ȼ÷˵Ҳڶʲô죬صԼ䵹ͷ˯÷֪Լĵڶɷ֮ǰȸԼûôˣȴȥ⵽Ϊʲô
һֻձϣԵʲôҲ˲ϣҲˣ
һҩԡȥļ飬һ֢״ļѾ߾κãЩ̫صģձڣҩԡŶûЧ
еʧصǣձõĶҩˮԡôǵûкתļ󣬷ݵеˣͷԣҲö÷ٰҩԡˡ
һʱ֮Ҳûİ취÷ֻձôʹĥȥͬʱ㻹֣¹ܶ÷ж⡣
ҸԼЩĹܼ˶Ǹøʲôȥɣѹںһձ˵˵ʲô÷ĶӾĶӣǶǳ滰ˣ
ϧ÷ڹ˲ϿЩԴձͣҩԡϵĲҲûһתļ󣬷ԽأЩʼƵŧɢŵζ
.

ٰʮ£鷳

һҲҲʲô취÷ۼձȥҪŪҩŧĵطȻҪ͸
ЧĻԿ϶ûʲôõģձԼ֢״ļŮӶûþˣ뷨ǳʹʹ
ôܲʹļ尾ʵʹ࣬һʹ죬Ҫô˵˶÷϶̫ѪȣԼͦ˵ġ
ϾҲϣձڵļһֱʹాҪߵʱǶ˵ǽѣ
ڶ÷νȥһձʱûȥĸ÷˵ȥҲûˣ̫ˣ㽲һ£˵𣿡
÷ıɵ㶵ģҲµҪ˵ʲôȻźܽܲ飬㻹ſڵһձ޲ˣҵʱľͦˡ
أȻŧһʱˣ㿴˵仰Ǹһأ
˵ʲô簡
÷տʼû㻰˼֮˶һ޷ܵģû취鵽ز˵㻹ǵ˵
쳣侲˵ΪձӣҲ㿴ʹܣԲҪôţѡҲǵѡһ
ԼȥձڵǸʲôӣҪܶʹԼѡ񣬻˵ֱô죬ľûˣ
һüûȥҲ֪ڴôˣûжôȷձûа취ټ֮ʱ˵ʵһġ
ϧ˶÷ǴԼӵģȻûס¼޹ؽҪСѾߣ뵽ǼѾߣͷҪһˣ
÷ǲĵģҲʹôһĸļѾһʹ졣
ϾھռŸĵطдȾ˵ķգԾǱҲǽѵ
ʬôȫ㽨ǻ𻯵Ȼһ㶼ģЩѾ߶ûмѣ˵յҲ˵ʲô
ܵ˵ûʲô鷳ˣЩ̾ͳһشȥôˣڶ÷Ǳ
.

ٰʮ£С

Ͳ˵ʲôˣȻȰġ
ԼС˳ЩʳҲ֪Էⶼôģܴ㶫㻹һӵ̼
Сر䣬ֱӸǱӾͺˣǰˣ̼ſӦҲúܶġ
ʳֻ̼صСУȴûпӰӦȥҩĵˣҪˣӦúܿͻ
û£Ⱥͷԣ˳Լʳŵһ£ѾŹؽǸڵﻹŵζ
ȷζ֮ҲװˣԼĳȥҲ֪ʲôʱģӳð̡
ҲŵζԼϴγ⻹СӵĻϣѾȥ˺üգ뵽ɵһɣⶼԣ
ʵ⻹治ûа취ŪģʱɽϵСҰŲǾḻ˾ҵǵѣȻЩҰζؼұһ١
ϧȫûǸ⣬ѾԸûóҲԸɽȥץСƫƫĺܣǰһȥɽŪҰûǿ磡
ԴһǹϵֽɳԼ׺õĻϳԹʱ˵ˣĭӶС
ƽﲻҲˣһŵζҲǲĲУǱһӾųǼζҪǰȥسŵζˣ
ߣֱǳԺóԵģ⣬ȥѺóԵȫû
֮ǰɿܻ᲻ȥԴ˳Ļ֮ʲôɵĳ˳ǲɴһܡ
ʱȻԼ֮Ĳ࣬ҪǰҪܿо󲿷ּӮڲһˡ
Դֻ֮ҪԱ͸оǰҪ˵ڵҪǾֲʲôôģ
ϧڳ㣬ʱ˳ְԼŶˣͷġ
ɾ󳳴£ʵܲ˱ӳ˳˵ڼңʲô°ȸ˵ɣת˵ٽ
.

ٰʮ£û

Ҳ֪ԼζܱŵˣɴŶɽŵŵûʲôóԵĲɾֱӲˣ
оľ̿Ҫ֪Ҳûľ̿ģŪɲʵܲźůһӣҪǿ̿϶˵һߡ
㣬ɵĽʱͣȴתķɿ죬ȥسǾǴŰŪȻñȥ
ºˣ㾹ȻͶˣŹŲýǰɣ취Ϳˣ
뵽ĻĶ˵ȻǺ˵岻飬ðȥѸɣ˳㿴
˵ĺҸһô˸йϵүȥڼûȥ
ȻɵԼһߣ㶫ǶסѾϾϵˣǲȥûϵô˵أ
ѽүҪпҲˣǺôɷʮķݶѸôˡ
ɻ˵ȥźأһ϶ͬ⣬ԻȰƹȥ˵
ֻҪȰסǱ߻˵ʲôǾʲôǹҪҲҲɣ
ԽɵԽ£ĿҲܲԾһжĸоȷɴ˾ٲԾܺȥ
¹ôҲˣһأſڶȥɣʵܲ˾͸ˣý컹Ǹ죬ŪҪѩʲôģ
ͷҲˣʳҲţʹůĳﲻСУҲ֪ȥɶˣⷹ㶼Ҳ
ŸҲҳȥҪȻⷹ˺ľ̿ɲû˰
аʱĹɻſԥŲȥڿǾѵĺûᰡסܱܸҪɶɶ
Ͷſһֱ߶߶ͣǺû˵Ҳһۣɵֲͦиģ
Եʱ㿴ɰԼҵһֱų˵֪ͣˣƺʲô鷳
͹ȥڸʲô֪ԼոܿסĻѾûˣ˵ȥү͸ˣ
.

ٰʮ£Ϊ

һֱڳأǰŸ̰ԼŴˣҲû齻
ʵʲôģԺҲʱ˵ʲô㶼ҪţҪȥʲôطĶУ
ŻصҪģʱ֪ڳңҾ˵岻ҸѸʲôġ
ҿ⻰˳ǼٵģҪǲܵĲˣйۼſڶգ
ǿ͸һ㣬Ҳɵ׶ô˵˵ģӲһ䣬һؾʹҴҵˣе㲻Ծ
ȥ룬꣬ŷ׼ݳԷˣټľ̿ԷҲˣ
ŷͻȻһ̧ͷʵԼһĶȥˣԷʱҲûҵɾˡ
ټǹõЩˣȻһЩȭŹۼҵҩĵظƻǾֻܺݺݵĴˣ
ſЦЦĵͷǵȭŹͦõģһģŸͷӵĴʰ˾Ͷˡ
ڽ̵ôˣ˵ĻǾ͸Ͽȥɣ
ǿɲøϽȥǲ֪⼸ֻҪԼٷҪԣɻ͹Ҷߣ˵ǸԣʵҲһûٳԡ
ǿңٷԲţ԰Ծȥԣȥ˼ҲٷԣԾûڷؼң
˵ձôˣ⼸㶼ûһżȥأǴȥû뵽ֻˡ
ձʱԼⷹ˲ˣΪ˷ֹԲ·Ǳտڲԣһֱ˵Էٽ
ԼŪⷹһ㶼Բֲ꣬óԣȻ֣ĻȳԷ
ȶӱ˷ʵҳԱˣڿ˵˰ɣôˣҪѷٽ
ȻͳԲȥˣձΪˣʵ̫ˣҸ˺ü죬ҲûаתǸӶŧˣǸζ
ҲİͷҲÿǶ÷ܵˣһܲˡ
.

ٰʮ£

ԣҲû𣿲ӣԼжʹడ
Ҳҡҡͷ˵ʮʹȥùľǻһʱ䣬һʱĿ࣬Ҫ˵Ҳձɵ
ΪǶݵģںˣҪܸĿ࣬Ըǵô಻ֵá
ʹҲû취ձҲǳӶˣϧҲûа취κû߻صǰˣ
ͻȻԼҲȫûͬĵģҪȻ˵ڵĻɲˣֱӸձȫܡ
÷׬ȥģȾƣȥЩºˣⱨӦ˰ɣַʽʹ뿪硣
ãԼòҲˣҺüѾߣö÷ҲǳԲ·˯þģżʱ䰡˶ˣ
ʰһ¾ͺȥɣǱҶĲˣڶ̫ˣҾͲڵ˯ˣǼҹֱѲһӡ
˵ŵĻͦãҲûʲôɵˣʰȥ￴Լҩģ˳һҲûʲôˡ
ԼҩĵسҩĻֹص飬Ÿ˵һ£Ҫسǣ½Ƚˣ
ҪȻٶӣҲҪصЩеģô¸˵һ£ȥ˴峤ңȸ峤ἰһ´á
ٴμ峤һеϺСһӭϾ￿ֲҩҲû׬ӣ
ֲҩĻǵģ˵ȻҪһЩȻǴ峤ƽҲûʲô̰īġ
һҩķҪԴСǮˡ
سҩ۸ߵ򵥵峤һ£˼۸Ĵ峤ҲһĳԾû뵽سǱҩľȻôһ˭𰡣
ԵǲҪԼҩЩҩʱ峤Ƕû˵ʹӦ˰½һЧʣʱʮС
ҲǸӣ㽫еĴȫټ˵ǲҪҩĸسЩ˿ܲá
Ǵ峤ھûʲô˻ᷴԣϾһ֮Ҳر˳ľͷԸȥ
.

پʮ£ʧȥ֪

ҹڴôҲ˯ţԵѾ˯죬ŵ˴Ĵ˼·ͳˡ
ֻĿɵĴӣߣȻĳЩҪһӡ
ҹ˲Сķ磬·ЩϵСʯӣϵɵĴƲȥʯײڴϣڼžҹͻȻ졣
ɰѰҹ˯žɸһȥҲʲôûУҲûϣΪǷεģһԵӴǱߴ
Աߵﵹ˯һͷôֵģҹ˯˻ᷢ΢һ˺ü졣
˵ϾԼİѱȱȫ֪һǵﲻ죬һ˰µͱȥҲûſ
һü촫ɸɴҲˣЬӿ߳ȥ浽ʲôһֱͣߵԼǰ˷ֵмʯӶ֮ʲôûУ
ɲеɻҹ˭ҵܺӲ˯Ƥûע⵽ΣԼϮһӰͻȻϮ
ֻԼһ۾ֱʧȥֱּۿĽסصĶ˸
ͬʱԼͳһɫСҩ裬Ӳ⻹꣬˶ڵϣȻصŻؼҡ
Ҳ֪˶ãһֱתѣʱ꣬ǱϿѲ
ʶһָɾ͸оϵֻԼһܣָоΪԡ
ֱӺԵԼʹɸоԼǱˮһƫƫûийڣɾʮܡ
ָоǰûйֻڸǰܲһѵĴӵȻųصĲߡ
ʱɣ·ϰصɳŲʮֳأֱӽ˯еѣ
оԾֲۣĸоûʧͿɽŲģӷĳԼһ˫˵˫ĶԼ
ɵ׷ʲôôɾѾһͷһѹϣصûѹ
.

پʮһ£

Լͷҵʹƫͷһаһļ򡭡
ҩûа취ҩЧйȥϵԼϵķΪһͷҰޣЩû̻¶ȥ
峿ϴһ׼سǣ̤ű㿴һɽͷӽ˼š
ҴɫżӣƺǼֳʲôˣȻкĺܣȴʲôʣ鷳̯Լϡ
Լĸֻ΢΢һЦԴºĮĵӣⲻ֪Ϊɽͷӣպǻûطס
ȻⶼǺ£緹ûһڱȥˣԴ˹ϵ֮ӹԽңڡ
ȥĶȥĶһûʲô˻ҪسǣкغǴ
صسǣҲûԼҵ̣һʱǱ߸ȥûҪԼȥԼôǶ÷Ů
Ǳ߷ô飬ôҲùȥһ۵ģ˵Ҳﲻʲôæʵڼ֣Ҳֻˣ
ʵ֪÷ڶԼͦģӶձĥģպϸԼΪŮģӶҲȥһۣδҲ̫ˡ
ʱ÷᲻أ˵Ϊպ󲻸÷»ԼҲȥһ˰
ҲֶȥһѺҩģҪ˵ȫûбҪģôЩҩձ϶Ҳ𲻵õˣ
أһҪ湦㣬ҲͲ˵ʲôˣԼҩĵģȻŵЩƷʺܺãԱ֤ԺƷʵҩľԲȱͶˡ
ҿŵС˲ҵĸţǶ֪ϲ̫ƽڸϴȾˣڶ򶼱ֻ֮а취ΣȻǺܻӭġ
ҪǸ첻еūСﻹأ֪ѾΪǵ֧ھаȫе֣
һ˼ǷԼūϵ˻϶˵̾ͰڣˣȴһҪȡ
.

پʮ£ϲ

ҩǱߵҩж߸ҲŵģҩǮ㹻ºüūˣ㻹һҪǸκˣ
ЩȾеģʮָмġ
ʱҸһ㶼ڼңȥԼ̸ȥˣֱձķ䣬÷ǹִ
Ҳ̲ס̾˿վڶ÷˵ˣԽԼԽܣ
ձҲûԶ÷жãΪ˵ʱûĳԼǰܶ¶Ĳԡ
÷ôôִأһҪձκãβҪҲ粽š
Ļ÷ſǻٶ࿴۰ɣٲԺǾҲˣֻǿϧˣʱ⸱˲˹ģ
ô˵÷ӲᣬǰȥһֻۣϵձѾ˯ȥ˵ɫʮѿ
ϲ˼䳣̬㻹㣬ԼɷأĪҪȱˣ
ʱȰ˵һ䣬Ҳ֪÷϶ȥԼľ˵ĲֻԼԺҲͲ˵ʲôˡ
Ҫ׷ͺڷ˰ձôᣬ׶ûнᣬӸûһôˣҲûҡ
ǺһձԹԵҸͨŮӳӣҲⴲϱĥ
ձЩطѾõԵʣ÷ҲҸϱӣҪȻһŧ䣬ֻҶ̿¯ʡձٶš
ͬʱ÷ҹиȥеζҲãֱӵѬ㣬ֱⷿҩζסˣϵζȴʮǺӣ
Ī˵ڴϵձˣĶʮܣôܵ˵أȰ÷Ҳձʮܣô
Ŷ÷ձһ۵ºȦѾˣ֪Ȱ÷ȥ˯ҲԾԼŪ˵㰲ߵҩĶ¯ա
ζʱƮ˳ûƬ̶÷㿪ʼƤӴܣܿƵĵձĴߣô˯ˡ
Լ䣬ԸūǶС㲻Ҫ˯
.

پʮ£޲

÷ߵĴѾһʵСа취÷˯һǶƤĥҲȥ˯ڶӵĴǰ
û취Ȱ˵ûãӲģһ㣬ȥڲתôˣ
ٴ·񷿵ʱѾĵˣϹ˸ʮִԺ񷿶ٴ˰ɣϾ֮ǰסü˻Ĺ
˾֪飬񷿲ԺҲܻʲô˸ҽˡ
㾾ļ㿿ǾסķʱϸĽһڸиεĽٺ
оǻָǲˣ㲻ҷɾ裬һֻʱһͣҩֻᲡء
ߵſڣ㿪ŽȥȴͷһֻۣĳǱõվ
ʱɫһ˵ŵĶЩóȻȥ̫ãǵԶһĵطȵҰɣǱиʯǱȥ
Ҳû룬ҪԼȥͦõģͷʱ·ǸʯȥǱʯʣǵ㡣
ŷĵƿţĹǵľʱʱࡣ
㰤ǵɫһ飬Ц죬۲쿴ÿ˽أһһÿ˵ʼƽˡ
ҲûӣԼͷȵ֢״εЦŰοǺܿܺǵðʱҩԼϴҩԡ
֮ǰձ⼸βڼϵĺܣƽҲǳϵĺãʼձβ
˵˵ĲתʱһЩǸʱѾˣǸӣ޲ߣ˵ΪǺձǰЩõ顣
һһѹҲûʯǵԼأ캮ضֻкʯʣɲ
ٳǰȥ÷ķ￴һۣ˯ҲûԼˣûһЩҩҩ࣬Ǹձõģ
Ը÷ĴѾߣ˱߰ЩǣҲûʲôҪˣûȥǱһ˻ææĹˡ
.

پʮ£

תԼҵĵ̣ϵķˣҲԽǷҲˣҪȻһæ
ȻٸߣҲסϵƣٲһ㣬ٶҲˣ
Ȼ˻е㲻ˣԭûбģ˳˫ɶԣԵԼһ
ÿʱͻʶȤİѳøԼȥˣӸʲôġ
㵹ӣĲҶǼõϣԱԼСƾװް裬ϵȵĲҶԼóԵİҲòԸ緹ȸʲôģ
ͻﶼ֪ܿôɹɲȫΪӺóԵԵʣװΣԼĸɾЩʰġ
˵ץס˱˵˼￴Ÿɾ࣬԰ӵȻҲͶˣһֱǿһ˳ԱϵһҪߣȻɾ¸ɾӡ
ҹһ˿۵ֱ̱ϣ۾ˣؼͷ֪ô۵
״˼ӷŵֱߣе˵ǲǶˣһ᲻һЩ԰ӵĻȥĶҲС
԰ӣ˵ʵеˣȥԼҶģ˵ÿĸպùһ˿ͳԵģԶٻʣһЩ
ǲԵĻͻ˷ѵ˵ֻҪûȥİӻ϶˽ģʱʱ㻹ûЩȥɽ߻ӳԣ
ҡҡͷͷʹˣǳ̫ˣʵ̫ˣûôúϢЪһʲô¶ûˡ
ӵǿڵȻô˵᲻̫ãҾһбҪ˵һ䣬㰡ǱձȾ˲ɣ
˵ǲʼҲǸͷȵģȻһȷ˻ǰһֱҸǸձ
ᶨҡҡͷ֮ĺˣԼͶҽǴȾԼ֪ܲҪǱȾԼβˣϾŪûᴫȾҿɲǶУ
ȻôȷǻҲûٶ˵ʲôֻ˱УҲǵ㣬˵ûʲô
.

پʮ£

Ҳû԰ӣȻߺѵãҲҪؼˣȥ·㻹Щɢɢһʿ
ҵʱ͸оͷöˣƣҲˣ򵥵ĳ˿ڶ˯ˣȻһ˯Ҫڶ쳹ˡ
΢΢˯иоԼ·һƬȵشԴ¶ȣֻԴǱѵģۣȴС㡣
һ֪뷢ˣʼսҲвоϺ̣¶ȺܸߣʱЩңܿѧǰķӣëŪʪĶͷ¡
һëĺҸɢȣ˷Ҳûȵ˶ëѩȻʹôϵ¶ҲûҪ˼
ʵû취Ҳڼʱˣ㴩·Ȼóȥѩȫ䵽ϣҴ
ҾҽݶаʱĽų̣һĻˣȴӲǱҽȥ
һ·ǰӰҲûУëѩͷ۽ëϵ¶Ⱥܿ콫ѩڻ㵽ҽݵʱ˵ͷʪ͸ˣ
ϻѩɵˮ飬ʱ˿Ҳ˲ʪͷͺˣҽݾͺ㿴Ҫ˵Ҳǿԡ
Žѩ죬ûʲôȻôſ˯ˣһǲĻûˡ
ĸߴ׳ҲҵʲôڸոԼܾŵҲȫἰ˭ڿһʮַģأ
Ϊǵʲô󲡣ʲôأһֻеͷˣֻСôôоϤ
һֱ㿴ʮֲõʵ㵹Ǹץҩ϶ҷ˿
رһֱ㣬ԻһֱǿҷȨܶԷֻǸͨģʮĴ򡭡
°ͣһ˼ı˵˼ֻҾʮ죬ˡҶһ䣬λسǵʲôϵƺ˾ҵĴš
˵һۣ˵ŴҲѰ˵ģǿҲسļҵĹٷˣֻԼû
.

پʮ£Ч

Ҳҵȴ̵ˡ
û˵ҷ˸ҵ·еϵⲻеܵĴͶˣȱǣץҩȡ
һô˵ϵͻȻವһ˻Ŀʮ־֣˶˺˺ü
ֻأ˵ü˶òˣʼҲͷȵģܣ϶ǵò˰
ֻӶ˵⼸仰㿪ʼʲôƺûУɴԼ½ʹĲոմֻ֡
һӦ˵ŭ˵Ϲ˵ʲôأŻӣ
ûҾô϶ǵֲ⵨СģˣֻƷ纮ҩʲôˡ
ֱ֪ӹҪη纮ҩˣѸŻˣԵһ⣬ִ˼ҵСô֪ģ
Ҳȥ⣬ӴùƷ纮ҩ֮㱳ٴ̤ѩУߡ
㱳ؼңֻѩµ̫ˣʱĹһֻôˣϷ·°ˤš
ԽԽգԼץҩʱôͰˣºˣȥ·ҪʱʱܻҪһЩƽװһ
뵽ϹŵĶһЩȴϵĶѾʪĲˣٶൢ鹦ˣҪȻѩˮͰѶ͸ˡ
ҲܣȲȱҪܶ࣬ѩ·ϣٱҲľ߲ǻص˼ҡ
һ·Ϸ紵ѩģ㻹ûҪӣοһϵ¶ƺ˲٣
ŵϸǺñӣʪëסĶͷȥԼҵĳҩ˳ҩʱͷϵëѾٱһЩ¶ȡ
ҩιȥԱ߿ţǵһˣǰθͷȵģΪԼȴû˾ȡ
ҲȷǴץҩЧòãҪ㣬ϵȥѹ˵
.

پʮ£

Լʪ͸˵ͷܣÿ̿ţ¶ȱůܶ࣬ҪȻҲָᷢȣͷЬӶʪ͸ˡ
оԼ㲿ıü˸ëͷѣЬԱ£ΪͷʪģͲͷˣ
ۣﻹǺںһƬʱΪʱŸոҪȴĲʸкͳظи
һſǰֻе˵ˣڸоô廹кûкһ㣿
˺һŻ˵ǲˣ
һ˵оɤʮܣʮŨصıԼһʱðˡ
Щ˻ƣ˱ˮݵߣǰ㶼֪˯ˣȵˮɤӰɣ
˿ˮǸоɤˣ˵㻹治֪ʱˣһأԼҲֱ˯һˡ
Ҳ²׼㵽׺ʱѣ嵭İ¯ţûаԣûʲôθڡ
ֻھôҲ϶ԣõҩݸ㵹û˵ʲôӹҩ˵һںˣıƺҲûоúܿࡣ
ǰеУСƵ˵Ǹ˰ɣҩƺǲģζеĻǳȥȥǸζҲã
Ļ÷㵹Ҳû˵ʲôӹĸоʱͳ嵭˿еĿζ廹ûֱӵϡ
ѩһһҹڶ򿪴һƬѩףѩͣһԺѩ˲Ǿ䣬ùůһ¡
Ѱ˼Ҫϲ·ˣ̫䣬㵣ǿסѧͲ˵ˣǿ϶̿ģ
Ҫǳȥ䵽·ûӵˣͷ͵ȥĳµ꿴ʵԼһҲͦã޻ŶԼ˵㡣
ֻѩѾˣ䣬Լ»ûӾͶˣ˵ɡ
̫䣬滹ŷ磬ҲڴǰվЬ׼ȴŮӺǽ
Щ죬ȻִЬ׼ȥһۣûñƼ÷ĴѾߴ˽󻹸ɨ
.

پʮ£ʹ

ֻѾż˵С㣬ūȥ￴ɣӵ̫ãҲ֪ôŪģԼˤ˴¡
Ѿ첻ˣ˽ū澰ȥȾȶӣ鷳촩Щ·ūһ˰ɣ
ѾߵĻɫҲҲԸԸȥԼϼҪѾߣҲڼҵţһҵ
ʵڽС˰ķɿ죬ʱֵϻѩûɨɾֹһηֵһС˱ô죬׳¡
ϳСȻӦţٶȴûһ˼Ҳѿֻ֣࣬ڳˤˣ
һ·оյĸϵңѾֱձķ䣬˵ʱֻձڴһϢ
һ˫۾Ѿưһɫ֪ձĸˣ÷ز
Ͱձǰʧص˵㣬Ⱦ簡첻ˣϽ취Ⱦ
ɶ÷ôԼĸ첲ûҡҡͷصĶԶ÷ĸףо仰Ӧ˵˵Ϊˡ
÷컹˵Ѿûʲôܼٽˣͬ˵ģһʲôʱʲôʱǶ춨飬ĶܾȻһܾȻأ
ʱڴϵձȴͻȻЩʶ۾ҺܰϺ۰ɱҰɣ̫ʹˣ
ձʹֵĳ÷֣˵ֻȻܵ˼㣬Ѿٳȥˡ
⻰Ķ÷Ҳ£ĸĸܶԼĺ֣ѾʹˣǶ÷Űκá
ձʲôҲ˵ձԴָʶһֱҪѾȫûˣ÷˵ˣ
Ҳûпٵѣ㿴ҲʱˣȫûбҪٸһѣ÷һֱûжձһֱҪ
ڵѾʮҲһֱûͣĻ÷ת㡭
㣬㣬һʹɣ֮ǰǹҺ͵лᱨˣ춯ְɣ̫ʹˣ
.

پʮ£

ձЩ£Ҳ֪ǴӺʱĵѾ޲ˣΪǼɱձȫڡ
Ҳ޶ʱձʲôҲˣ˵Ѿû˵״ָȥ̽ıϢϢȻѾ΢ˡ
ҲʣһˣӿձҲһ¶ˣ㽫÷һߣʮǵ˵ҿʮֲã˰Ѹ׼Ķ׼һ°ɣ˵׼ɶʱ͸ˣ
£ĺ»ģҲǻ÷ʹĵӿ϶ǲָЩˣλȥڡ
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ܲȲҽЩǲǾأ˻ֱӰ˵ˣЩҪҲûһҪ˵
ֻ÷ͻȻ֪Ϊ޷ܲŻӣҲûƽʲôȻ㲻ˡ
Ҳû÷˵ʲôתͷˣٲ߰÷ԼѹһĻй
ɲԹϵˣ÷ǾܵĺܣһĻΪ뿪ֻܱڶ
Ϊձ÷ָϽȥˣټתƣʵҲûɶÿģֻǲתһµĻҪһֱǸ
Ͷ÷ڵû˰ɣĸһΪһһܻǸȷֻǶ÷ܲʵѡ
ʵҲǲ飬Ͼ⻻κһ˼Ҷ޷ܣ׷ͺڷ˾ˣԼԺ޿ġ
֪㱻÷˵˲Ļһ԰οĻ̫ϣҲѹˣԺҪǣ
ô˵أ⣬κԼңܾձԼԺҲûʲô˰ɣʵҿΪϡ
ֻҪԺøһһжû⣬Լ뷨ʲôأ޳ȥŮóȥˮ֪ɣڶˣҡ
˵ϣʵö÷ϣԼһЩԼһζһʱǿޣһС¶һӣ
.

£ѩ

ܲ˵ģ÷ԸһȱݣѾô꣬ҲѶǺܴġ
Ҳ̫ϣ÷ܶˣǾձ֮궼ˣܻϼʮ꣬˵׼ɶʱûˡ
ȥʲôȥʲôɣ˻ŲͼֻҪľˣ
޳ȥŮóȥˮʱһ˼ҶӵģŮ޸˼ңȻԺи̵ģԼҲһ˰ɡ
һﶼǲģû취һԸıȫ˵뷨
˱߱ģֿ֪ʼƮѩݣҪһѩߣԼڻð
ͦµģȻСͤѩˣ˵һȻڣձַʲô𣿡
˫˫ͷƼҸӴźǻ֪ձڵ
һȥæȥ˰ɣ󻹸Ϲܼң˵껰֮ϹܼҲſڵˣүӣձӽϱˤڴ£ڵʮֲֹۡ
Ƕôˤ˵ϣȥɣͷ˵ȥ￴
ձΪλӴϵȥֵĺɻ󣬿ıҲװģĬĬջһֱעĿ⡣
ҲձӴϵȥԼȥģǴΡ
Կ϶ǣڵһҹôԲһӱ⣬ȫûģĳЩ˾Ĵڰ£ôȲˣ
Ϲܼ뿪ֽ˵糿ʱ֪ˤˣȥ⻹һʱȻ£ȹȥ
΢΢ףȻձķȥͤһѩСԼ䡣
վһܲˣƳһϼ޻ЦȾ˷纮Ҳôҵڲŷ֣Ҳ⿴ѩˣ
˾ˣôܵ𣿱һ˻ȥܵˣݰɣ̿ů͡
俴͵͵˸µĳҲļٹģһƽﲻô˶ģ˵ǸִǸϰһ
.

һ£İ

Ǹϴ飬ֹö֮ͿסҪˣ˵ڴôһ
һˣʱʱףʲôģԴѺڻ糿˴ȭϰߣʲôȭ㲻֪
Լǵ̸̫Ժһ糿Ҳõ飬ʹȭȻǲġ
Ҳûȥķ䣬ֱֻصձķ˵ʵҲձǸʲôģˡ
˼ҹӼ˲˹ģǱ֮ģãǵ·ͦӣҲǵˡ
ձȥ֮ǰǸӣʣһˣҲ֪ڼʲôǲȥ״̾˿ձ㻹ʲôԸ͸ǽǿ϶뷽跨ˡ
ȻͿȥˣҲǳͣˣ߾Ƕ÷Ҳô첻Է˯ˣ͸Ǹһ
ͼһˣٳٲϹģȻһֱҪ鷳Ůչţ֮벻ˣ˶ÿô˵ǳɲԵˡ
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ʵûձȥѾ御ˣĻԺ϶ҲҪġ
˶÷˻ҲܿǸһߣ
ձ죬ʲôҪ˵ӣɤƺѾˣֻôֺܿıϣ۾ˡ
һʮˣһ˯һ÷Եʮֵģ۾޵һҲ֪ͣЪ
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⻰ҲȰ˵һ°ɣҪڽ⻰÷˵ʲôе㲻ȷˣɷϵ⻰˵ûκ⡣
ձˣǵȷһ£ҲƤ֮ˣǶ÷벻㡣
һﶼ֪ձҪˣҲûߣճİ˭Ҳû˵һ仰
.

£ͶƱ

ԼʱˣɫѾȫ԰ѷţֵȼձһȻ˫ۡ
Ͽƺ࣬ɫҲĺһЩһ˵ĪǶ÷ˣҸ˶ûһ֮ɫ
ΪձǿɲǺˣǻعⷵˣҲһӵĹͻˣ
㲵ĸףձƺҲûʲô˵ĿɨһˣȻǳĬֻ۾һֱգţŷҲ֪Щʲô
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ձӻͷö÷һˣձǿЦɵӣﰡôĹʲôҪǾöԲҡͿȻТң
Ⱳǲˣ±ӰɣһТ˳ĹԶӣţıⱲӶҵĺá
ձĿϣҲ˵˾Բ㵹û˵ʲôЦҡҡͷԼͨŬ𽥹ϺʱѾǰ¶ͻˣ
ǰձӻͷ̥һϧѾˣõǸˣͶ÷ûԹ˼
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Ķ⻹ʶ÷˼ֱسϾԺ÷סˣհȥҲ㣡
Ȼô˵ˣͶ޳ƱϾձ˻شҲɶ£ӹײʲô߰ģ÷ڿ϶ĹЩˡ
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Ӵصʱ󣬱˵ˣǶ÷ͲίձػвҪѰҺʵĵطô֮ˣ
.

£鷳

ձʱڰҹ˶˯ʱ򣬱õĲͲʣϸ÷Ĺϵ˿ɥ¶Ȼӡ
԰ҹĸˣҲ֪Ǵʦô˵÷ڰҹԼӵģձʱҲڣûеᡣ
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û뵽ɷձ˾Ȼôҵķʽ뿪磬˶û£ձܾĥߵģ
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ʱʲô˯ҲûˣǾȵʵôˣҲһЩ£
÷ɫǺܺÿ·ʲô£װµû°ⲻǽůųһߣ·Ź㡣
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һǸԼ鷳
ֻ÷Լôһ۾Ϳĳ
׷ʲô£÷Ҳ˵ʵܲ˺ıŵĸоʵ⵽զˣʲô鷳ˣ˵˵Ǹ򳳼˻ôţ
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Ҫʼʲôص㣬Ҳڻһ£ʶʱʲôģģʲôһˡ
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.

£һŲһӡ

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ΪֻʣôһŮԭ򣬶÷ʱɾͶһЩǸ͹һ
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÷һƽĻش㻹ӣһƺ쳾ģ㶼벻ȥˣƹŷһȹ
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ĸŮ˹ڷֹ˰죬÷ӷʱǱ˸һ֪ô£Ǿǰ࣬Ȼˡ
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ҲǸ˵ĺܣѽѧõùĽͷӵĿ佱һһܶһЩС£㻹涺һ顣
ƺ㣬Լĸ׶ˣվһԱ˵е㱯ˣûдŵܰһĻ
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סƣʶľͰսⱲӶſ
˵Դ򲡺֮÷ͺҹˣԼҲǹıȽϺˣһᣡ
.

£ռ

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ڹǰҩڳȻһسǺúù꣬Ȼûسǵĵʱиʰһ±׼ش壡
ʰң˫˫ߣһʱصľԼǰСңȻǷߵſȴԼҷǿŵġ
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.

£Щʲô

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ǻӴģȻûƤûⲻߣǲ߲а˯Ķأ
ۿɫҪͲȥͼߣԸߣʹˣ廹ͦоƾһ˫޶
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һӣ϶Ǹϵϲűϳ£ȥҲ״
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ڿɲǽͻ飬ⲻһֱɺأҰ̧ȥܶң
.

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ʱ죬һӵܰռ˼ҵķӰҲǻ£ӲڴҲߡ
һ仰˵վһ߲֪ЩʲôҲǲһסƮƮ˵һ仰ﲻϻҲȰ˵ȥ
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һֻסһֻԼߣ˶㿪֣Ƕ˵У˵ʲôҲȥסģ취϶ߵģ
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㿴зӲסǲТɣ峤ͿǰӻȥռķӰɣ峤ҲԼҡ
һ˵峤ܰǽ£ոҲû侲
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ûгԷˣл峤֮㽫ҵ򵥵峤˵һ£ƽûҲǱȥԶռһ»ǲ֪ģ
.

һʮ£һӻˮ

峤ʱһţҲˣȥ׼ֻظ
ʵ峤Ҳ֪ԼҵҩĸˣڴЩʲôעһ£ﵹãֱ˼ûеطڴסˣôС
ϵﻹͦ⣬ΪԼˣû취ˣ顰ˮءҲˡ
ȻŴ峤ʱǻһ£漴ӷɿתԸҪСݲУ
峤ʵϱôһ£ԼҵķӲסռ˼ӣôð治𣿡
Ҳû취Ǳ߸ҳģֻܵסˣⷿԭҼҵģǸסʮ꣬ôͱǵˡ
Դ峤̬ȿɲ̫ǿӲǴ㽫ˣף˼ѾӰˣȻϣ
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˵ˣ֤ûУò֤ӾҼҵġ
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峤ǿ˵ϱ㲻Ҫȡ֣ӵȫ˶֪飬û֤üʮ֤Ҳ֤ѵġ
аìܲҪǣ˼ϺðɣҰгҽѵһٸȻͻؼҰɰ
޶ԣ峤Ҳе㶯ŭ⻹ǵһ˸ҰĻɶԷ磬ͽȥ˳˵
Ǵ峤ʹ֮ǰ˶ûק˴峤һ޶ͳˣȻǱʮֵĲ鲻Ը
峤ɺﶼ˳ΪϳȥģԴ峤Ҫѵһ٣ʼʱЩ˵Тһ峤Ҳͬô˵ġ
ˣǱ߿ȥֻ͵͵Եأ֪̫һӻˮʱһô̫Űռķӣôô峤ѵԼ
.

һʮһ£ǹƥ

ԼĪԩȻ峤ѵһﻹǲϻؼң϶Сˡ
һдʵ˵ôǮˣѹȱӣںôСݣ˴峤ǲأڴｨ·ˣҪƷӣ־ɵġ
Ȼ־䣬Ҫסأ־Ҳסôãһ˶ټ䣬Щģ
ҲǷͻȻʮӣоʮֹŹ֣滹б㲻֪ģ취̽̽Ŀڷ硣
ʵʱԹԵıͣҲ֪ýʲôˣͬʱʦҲˣһҪӵܱסġ
˰ɣ㿴ⶼˣϽؼ˼ӽݣôԶʱڷûأ
峤ˣҲôֱӾͰˣҲɵӣ̤Ű벽ǾͰŸˡ
Ҳôµģ˾ǲţſڿ֣Ҳͻ㹦ˣ㿴е㼱˵ģ
Ҳû˵ȥס˰ûסȥģ⻹ɶ
о鲻Ծ˱ã˵һ̫ļ䣬ǮģҲԲ䵽
Ҫ˵Ҳǵһôִ溿ҹܲ˲ŻȥȥԺ԰ؼĴš
ϾǸˣǸҷϻǸϱģԴϴθì֮Ҳ
֮ǰ··õĲ˾ͺٻˣҲҪӲ˵б±ңǺҲûȥ
˵һ˿νǵǹƥǶģϳˡ
ҹ˯һͷһڴ϶޵Ҳͼʲôֻ޼ҿɹȻסû뵽峤ֶԸԼĻᡣ
ԼҲˣԼ͵͵ôˣȻǾͱﻵˣˮǰɣԶòǿ鱦أ
ڶһ磬ͰѼˣóŵʱֽȥŲˣüµأҲǶǰŸߣȥ鿴Ϲŵ
.

һʮ£

֮ǰǸҪãƾҲһʱҿģɰˣصһҷƢ
Ұ֣ȻôѼסҲ֪ǿصɣҪȻôǷӣ˵ʲô̫䣬ȫǹƨ
Уҵ취ҲţϽ취ŪǿأԺͳĺˡ
ƳһɿԼĹӣŲȥأ˺һһİƣƺ뵽˰취ȴһ
û˵һţӿֵͻȻֳʲôаأһŲⴲȥ
˵а£Դɲ֮ɱһ٣Ժ󵫷һ㲻Ծһ
￴ȥˣصһѣʮֲ˵Ķֳаˣ뵽취ˣû¾ʹ
үһóԺúȵźҲȥ׬ӣڼɽա
ƳһۣĻѾһε˵ˣؼҲôԼģÿԾǸóԳԸ˯˯
ʮֵĺɸ֣ǽǽԽǿˣ֪ɽˣúһڷŬĹˡ
һ߼ǳûԴԼͭһҲˣﵹǲ׬ˣϧ˼Ҳˣ
ǳûϣˣ뿪ЩϺӣټ޾ǵμˣһ˼ԸȢŮ˹š
Ѱ˵»Լһڣոĥһ飬ֻĸӵ˼һôռķӣôռˣ
аǷǰһС͵ã湩Ų棬ǡǶסʱʱǣ˵ǻסȥ𣿡
Ҫ˵Ҳǵʣһ˶ȱǶžη֮ĵģãȻȱǵ㡣
ΪôҲǲܲˣɵİ취иͷ˵ȥһߵһֱֳĬ
.

һʮ£

ڶҹһҩĵ㶼ͦ۵ģΪǱһ˳Ų̫ãҲżѵҩͻȥ
ȻҲ˲˳ӣǰԼҩ꣬ҪȻôĶأ˾Ū궼æ꣡
˿ڶӱ׼Ϣȥˣǰҹƽ£˺ҹȴһŮ޵Ŀѡ
ƺԼңӾô㣬һۿȥܰĶ꣬ӰҲûУĶĿ
㱾ӾͲСټ֮ǰϰĵطҽԺԵӱһ˶Ҫܶ࣬Ӱ׼ȥ
ȻһŰҹʵôˣҪȥé𣿡
ҡҡͷĿ⽫ÿ䶼ɨһ飬˵ûۼпҿǴĶġ
ĻҲһʲôҲû뿪ȴһƵ֣ôһĹôûأ
˭ҷܴܣŮ޵̫죬˰ɣԹ˯ɣǺñӲҪ
ûѴ·ϣΪǺñӱ¼˯ҲǸĴģһȻ˯š
ΰѼתŷţͨСŷƺվŸϲ۵ŮӣֻŮӿ֮ͺȻʧ
ͻʱû˯⣬ȥȥ鿴ǵǸʲôΪ㻹ڴ˯óȻȥ
³㣬£ֻȴô˯ˣסʮ꣬ǵһֵ顣
ҹû˯ţڶ峿ûȻȻҪȥɻɴȥϴһ£ȴһŹ֮ɫĿԼߡ
ҲûϣԼȥɶ͸ɶϴԿڷһȥҩģŴһһ
ʱǰȲõʱٻսӽԼļ㿴ԼſڣǰðỤ̃ԶԶȥԵ߶߶ģ
Լǰʲôüһ첽ǰȥһѽһڷյֽǮ
.

һʮ£вɣ

Ļﻹһ磬״ֽǮһѶյ˵񾭲ɣҼǰֽǮո˭أ
ռӵ鲻ƽϾˣ㻹ǲͣǰɣЩ۶ô˿Ц˼𣿡
˵һѽֽǮӵϣʱֽǮɢټϷһļǰȫЩֽǮ
ֻͷ̧İڰ֣һη˵ⷿҲҪˣҪסʲô¿ɸûʲôϵԺҲǼ鷳ˡ
˵ЩͿ첽ԼңٶȿйƵģ㻹һܣû뵽ô׾ˣһ±ơ
ôˣһҲ
ˣ߾ˣҲûһԼǰƮɢĵǵֽǮɨ˸ɾ˺ôһڽ㷹ûˡ
㻹ûˣɴСæҹеʵôô˲˻ûأ
Ǳ˴ʱָӻǲ͵ЪˣôٷãȴȫûǸ˼ǺܴĹġ
ỹãһֱۣǻصҸ㽲ֲ֪ʲô磬ۼſֽǮġ
˵䲻ģ㶼ǲأϾסֻֽǮ²Ǿոģ
ǱſƿڴˣƢõˣĻ˳˼ĵҲû˵ʲô
һôȥˣûϣֻҪٸɳ飬ҪȻľҪվſˡ
ҹɫڵʱصſڣԿ׿ű߷ıԺʰһ£Ȼֱȥˣ
ǰ͵͵ķһۣǸ˵ĸоʮ֣׹
㿴һۣ˶оĲԾԣŴ򿪻˼ţʱЩĲɡ
ĥ˰ŸоھȻʼˣ̫߳ˣֻΪʲôҪԼأôҲ벻׵ģ
.

һʮ£

ҹʱ֣ӵ˯һϸȴǴξгѣǱͬʱѵģ֮߻صŮӰԹίϷ
ͬҲˣֻʮƮ죬޷жǴĶģ飬ټϽ
ǲʲôǾⱳһڹŪ飬֮ʮĬһ˴ϣ
ǲĲɾ˹ŪŻʲôûϢҪһֱûжǰԹĸһֱһʱֱɫ΢ͣ¡
ڶʲô¶ûеվɳԷµأıʮ֣ǾȻֱŻƲƺúɫĶдʲô
ȵ˫˫ָֻ֮ԭģУɱ˵˯жҹڳô󶯾ǾȻҲſ쿴ҲûкµӣְŸˣ
ҿǾװģ˭֪ҹôڱﲻҳʲôأҪеģеĲˣǸýһƻˡ
ɵһģͻȻоԼ֮ǰһˣĶһƺǱ֮ǰˡ
죬ĸճԷǰﻹȥƪԴ붬ͺȥˣؼҲûпġ
ڴﲻĻֻǼһûֲҩģʱ˼Ҷź·ڵæյģ緹ʱ뿴һ˶ѣ
ﻹͦģھͲһˣۼű˶˯ʱ䣬Щ߰ĶܵҸװŪ
Ů˼ϸԹʵɷģһμɻŮ˵ʱˣҲ֪ǺʱѧⱾ£
װŪߣûŸϾɴһ˵Ů˵ģҹ˸еǿ϶ġ
ĸ׼ʲôأѧԼǻģʫֻǿ⽫ŪĺƮޣ˵Ч
ϵ׼ı׵ԼҲԶĵط뿴ʲôڹŪ飡
.

һʮ£ϲ£

Ĳ²ⲻЩȻΪŪģӰӦþĸǵľٶ˲붮Ŀģ޷ǲǼס
ŪЩҲ̫СˣͻȻаһЦӪеĸûзĽӽ
ֻĶ˵ֽţȻ˼Ź𣬺ܿĿĸûŵƨֻʧܻԼģ
һɺﻹйô⸽סĴ񲻶࣬ҪȻָҪŴϢˡ
ԶǼŻȼյɫ棬ʮ־ʵôŪģȻɫģ档
ۿŪǼŻģ֪ǲʲôνĹ
һģЦǺǵ˵ûֶ𣿾ϵһֶȡӹһ¾ͱЩˣҪǾúĻͷҽ㣬ֻ֪ǶǴĶʱ¾У
ϷʵĿεЦЦɱʲôµģǸɵӡ
㶨ɣŷĵĻؼ˯ϾͲ˴ˣ˯𣬶ĸӶҪˡ
һû˯ž۾Ǽ׻ģﶼ˵ֱƤ񣬱Ͷɲʱһ٣
˵ʲôǱǹȱǵĵطôڣǰȱǸˣºˣײǹһӶҪꡣ
⻰˵ﶼף̾ȥҴʦǣ滹ڣߣһ۶ú£
һֱȵɫˮûȾֱȥʦˣĿżæŵĴӼӳȥǰʮֺµĿһǼߡ
ɼǱŻˣֵǶϲ£ˣȥҩģ˶ĳرãǶ֪Ϊʲôôģ
ؼҵʱſվһɽͷӣҵķȻ˵ʲô
ֻһĵͷڶһЩ̸֮ݡ
ؼҵĽŲֻԼͷ˵ǷĪҪˣϴҿۣȻûǿ鱦Ѿˣ
.

һʮ£չҩ

óȻʵ䷴㿴ŰɣǸֻҪطò˼ʱ϶Ʋɢ
ͷһŪģ֪ûӵǱ˿ˣòΪǿ鱦أԲŻİռӡ
Ҳ֪϶ɽͷӺģҲûȤȥһƭӣƺҲ̫ﶺҴ뿪ˣ
ӦҲﷸӦðתˣֻǹ򵥵ĺƼ͸Ͻ뿪濴ʲôÿģ
ɽͷߺ󣬴￪ʼֹ飬Ҳô⴫ţܻᰲȫһ㣬ʲôСǡ
ûʲôӣһС͵ţʧǿ϶ģȻⷿӱϿưܣڿģѱЩ˴źĹ̽һ̽ڷȫࡣ
ǸƭӵĻŲɣ֮ͺ̤벽ͬʱʼ˰﹩ǮѾԲϷˡ
ټϽʳճɲǺܺãҲûʲôҲ˵ûʳˣͽȥǸ
ֻҪӻˣڵҲӭжˣŲ氡ټϻʱ̬ȣоͻ
һϣɶ׬ӣֱӰļױϣ϶Ը⹱׳ȥģϱɱֳһܣ
æȻ죬Ҳ֪سǸҩǴĶõϢȻֱܵҵҩĵչҩġ
¾ʱչôصˣ˶ǲ֪ģȻôҩҩֻ̣ôĶأôǸеɻˣһŷ⸽ؼչˣ
ʱһˣû뵽㾹Ȼôãȫأһ˭⵨Ͼʳճɶٶǿġ
ɺ߶꣬ʳճر٣ӲͶˣͷһôɵġ
ҲǶĳɹˣҴҩҩ̣֮ǰصЩ˿ȫۺĲˣҲ֪˭ͷû㷢ԼΧڼˣ
.

һʮ£ȭŹ

صǷ׷ũ߶ǰһϼԼصӱҩӼֱһһϣЩֻԼҵء
ŶԼǰǣʵʲô
ȻҪûԼأ˲صҲ˵Ҫʲôô໧˼ҵĵء
ǣǶǸڴģҲھӣǮԼ׬鶼ĺ𣿡
Ǹĳûũ߰˼ҶڼﲻóŵھӣǵĸԸҵģ־Ͽдһǲܷڵģ
ʮ˵Ĵ治µģܳԼ䣬صʱһǧһԸ⣬ټļ۸ȱ˻˲١
һҪѵģڼҩ׬Ӿ뷴ڣûȥԼҲ֣Ķôõ飡
ڵĴǲֱԴǴ³Ļصƨ黬СƭģϽѵǣҪȻͱù
Ƣõֱ̧ԼеũߣЦһ£ƺЩٶʮֵĿЦһһȻ֣ס˵໰СǼ򣬶ʱʹİ
Լ˱۸Ҳ׷׳֣ûһһָģȫڵأʱǲ֪ǰ߸׳׳СӾȻȭŹ
ũߵĴǲҶˣֱӱסˣʱĴ峤٣Щ˵Ƚ㻰̸
ĸԸĵأ֣Ǵ峤ɾҪˣԸĵԼԸģҲԲܴ
ƾһǾͲϹٸ֪ԼҲΣϾǹٸɲȥġ
Ⱥ˴ͷɥģվԣֹ˼䣬ֻͷΧĴ˵ɣֲҩҪ˸ֲԼգԸ⣬ڴֲҩģǿ϶ܿǣ
ԸҲǿȥɵɶȥɣֻԺҪҼ֣¾ô˲ţҲʲôˣϾҶǴ尤ŴģҲھӡ
ôһ˵пǣЩֻĺ˼һµӦе㱾ȥɻģ˼ҾͲˡ
.

һʮ£Ҳ̶

´죬ôճµЩҩĵĹˣǸɵĲģǮûͽ
һûأвʲôͺܴͷɥӹֿģˣû뵽ڶȺ㵱ˡ
ϣҩĵһƬ֣ҶȻҩĳһпܺгǵڳҩʱ㷢˼⡣
ЩµڳҩģʮǱǲ˵ģ
ЩҪ󼫸ߵҩ̿ܶҪҲƽǲǿģ֮̾ͶСЩ
˵˺ü飬ЩҩĻûмٵļ㽲ĶЩ˻Եúܼꡣ
ֻһںӶµˣǼҩһﶼǵһ飬ϤŪһһֱ߶ͣ
ȻǸɵĲãԼڰվһֻ˵ᶯϸƤҲڵũҩ㻹ñҺöأ
Ա⺺ͬҲ฽ͣɰˣȺû۾
ողԼøҩǼڻԲⶢһЩ
ֱķЦǰĲں˵˲ò仰ûУǴİڳҩıڳ͡ҵǸ⳥ҵҩǮΣ
أںһԾԾԵı飬·ͺܿ϶ԼһܱӮ㡣
עҲûص˾̰ҵع黹㣬ԺԸʲô⣬ô
ɽĲùͱԣ
ùǣֿٵİҩڿ¶ҩǧٱһҩƤû
ǲںǱ߾еҲ̶ˣʮСúһҩĻǱӶʱˣ
һѾڳҩģӹŲӺ˵β㣬һΣҸո̫ˣŪһ´ο϶ˡ
ΪķڷȻĸԼɻҲĸٱһΣӮԼҩɫǽһѿ
.

ٶʮ£

Ҳ֪ĶľԼʤ㣬һʼӾûúøɣأŵĻ𶼷ҩ档
ºˣûûҪҩģǰŮ˻úݺթһʲưոݰ
죬һ仰˵ԸҵǸ˰ɣ˳̸̸ŪЩҩô⳥ҡ
ӇصǸԣǮûУʳճɲǴҶ֪ģҼҶԲϷˣĶҩİ
Ϊû취ˣû뵽۾գһµ˵ûǮûϵŪЩҩֱӴĹǮۣ˵ҪӳԷǺúҩģٸŪˡ
²չ˳ҩľôô࣬㻹۵òأôԴѾʮֿˡ
С۵ģ⺺ӽҹҲðЩҩĵӸˣ
ֻ⺺ӵıǿҲЦҲǣһʱ֮ϵıḻĲˣһڣԭЩĴҲͣ
ϾʹôһҪЩ񶼿ʼСھҩŷȥæԼ顣
ЩҩģܽôһȺ﹤ԼҵҩĻͦõģٶϱ֮ǰ˺üŸոǵһ죬ЩһʱҩľͶʰɾˣ
ҩѡƷеҩˣܺͺǹĺ꣬۳ŶҪˣѧǱҲҪݼˡ
ԼңɫѾȫһԼҵũ߿ڼȥ
ߵſʱɫѾֲָõԼͿӰԼǰ߶һ£˲ǰȥ
ѽǿǻˣ˻ûǻأɰҸˡ
һ˵֪ǣòƻͦżӣȻ֪Ҫʲô۶ӣʵʲôҪ𣿡
ȻˣǼ£ܲܽ˵߶ͦģҲˣо֪˻ң
˸ӣҲûʲôҲӦҲʲôˣԾͽŽԼУвûбů١
.

ٶʮһ£

ﻹһ۾Ϳϵ̿裬ʱĽɼұٺҲֻղȡůѬ˵Ҫͣղһֱůȥû̿ôʡ£
ǼҸֶôСݾȻյôõľ̿һϻ
˲ò࣬˭뵽ưܵСȻľֺ̿öأ
ΪʵڶˣҲûż̿𿾵ɾ̲סˡ
ſڱιʲôµǿ˵
Ƿڵæµһ죬ͼˣ㻹ȥӿ϶ҪԼҶܾõġ
ӦԼǰ㻹治ʲôֵŮͼıʲôġ
Ȼһ䲻̫еϻν³׳ǰĶҲʲôİɣ
Щ˾ôʵ
ڨڨЦÿǸӵˣƽҲеġģⲻ̫ƽ˸ʦ˵ⷿӲ̫ãס˻µġ
ҿҲһ뿴Ǽɢ֣Ĳ̣͵͵֪һ
ŶǻҪллˣ
ıܵȻȫûĻϣʲôʦǸԾǺ˵ļһ˵Ļš
ȥɫҲһģ˵ķӦԤϣ̽ǽô죿
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ޱĸش漴Ŀ㣬ǰ仯ֱ͸˸һжˡ
ԼĹһԼǸжºúøлģôӣ
ֻԼ͹˵ĵǻˣ;̸ˣĶôġ
Щв޵ģһɶǲȻνҲôˣǹһ£
ڨڨЦţǸģʵڲ뻻ȥĵطסҲ֪Լһֱ˵ͣȻǵķУԾͲˡ
.

ٶʮ£ڿ

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ˣûɣҪٷɣһҲš
㲻ûʲô£ҹˣ㻹ǸϽȥɣٸʲôìܣ
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˼Ұ˾ǲ̫ӭһôҲĥףԼĶĲã⾹ȻһӡûС
ƾһ죬ǱҲû˳ЦʲôӲǵߵڰװѹ˵зϣɹ˵
ҪȻĶôټ޵ģԴ˵ʱﻹֻ֪ͦĶЩһôƾôƵˡ
Ҫ˵Ҳ̫ͨһ˱̫飬ŻķУ뵱ǻﶼûģԼҵĺޱԼͣ
Ҫ֪û֧ҲǿܹţԼѱˣﻹô󷽵ʳ
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ϧŮȻʡ͵ĵƣȻǺ޲жԶԶûµЩ۶ӳ
˵Ļôûʲô뷨𣿡
Уһջ𣬼ʮΪԼŷ̲סˣԴߺҲû£Լһʰɡ
ûʲô뷨ҾͦõģǸ˵ȻǺƭ˵ġǵĲƸǿԼڷܻģһӾܾģ
㻹ΪȽţϾ˼붼ܱأıЩ˿ܻţԲرһôġ
û뵽ķӦȴǳϣ˵˼ǽˣԴʾʮֵοͲȥԼ̴ĺȥˡ
ǿˣ
.

ٶʮ£

ѧķһ㣬ĵͷȻͷջ𣬼⸱ģ̲סúЦ
ʵ˭ԼͺӵĺӲ඼ǰ˶ģûаϵ
СȴܰĳæţһߣصԼ֮˱УԭϵıӸԼߣ
ɿɾˣܲΪˣǳʲôұӣžҲ𣿡
ҹʲôﲻеǱԼٱһŹǾˣʲôƷӣҪղôǺ
ôԼҷһڼԵҲȥ׬ӣҲҪԿܶҪҿɾұ˶ˣ
˹ʲôӣҸֹʲôӣԿֶˣ㻹ͷҳǰɣҾͻңҲˣ˳ǵȫ§
Ҫ˵£Ƣ˵ֱ죬ֶݺݵģǸڵ㶼һ
ĵĿ̼ɣʱ۾죬ȻȴǲܲˣԼȥȫǸʲô顣
ɱĶˣΪԼҪԼ˵ȥĻȫûϣ
Ů˲вȻôʲôҲ˵Цĺϲ£ˣҲѰԼҪ
ǱɻᣬҲɲˣֻǮĶŪӸֻһζĸҪ
ܸǸģϱͲϣ֪˻ðɨسţʱһգǵ¶§ȥǲȫˣ
뵽ԼڵĴɶֱ޵ֻϧһֱߣҪŶȻ֪ԼǷĶ֡
Ҳûкûᣬֻÿ쿴ͬͬ
ڶһ磬ɼٽ岻õȥҪӣԼﻹжͭ壬һŵûעڸʲô
ſڱ˵ۼӸһ㣬廹ûתãȥ򣡡
ϣۼھ⼸ͭˣʳҲˣһĶŪʳأǸԲɵϱø첲ȶҲ֪ҵһ¼
.

ٶʮ£Ͻ

ŶĲﻰûԹͷϣ뵽ܸɣٿԽһ
ûĻҲû˳ȥָĲԣʮֲĿԼĸ׵Ҫǲҵֵôڱɽ
Ҫȥҵϸǣʳ϶̾ˣ⻹ӿأЩҲ˵ǡ
ûΪʲôҪϲǣɡҪӿȥҪȥȥԬҿȥǳʲôˣ
ֹţֲһ˵ĶӣƾʲôҪ˶ҪóԺúȵģɶҲûС
аɣͷж
֪ƢҲ˷ʲôȥȰϴҲǲ˽ĵģȥҪӣԼ϶ҪûһģԼȥǣҪپͶˡ
ĸ˵߾ߣﻻһɾѾҪȥǻԼ䣬ڴϣŶȵ˵ȥ۵ҪЩӣʲôҪûУҿԸ
˵ʲôҲǲ׼һģദЩҲǶЩ˽ģ䵽ᱻӻһյġ
ŮֻԼԼ·ҲֻӻԻҪʲôɸĺãʣӱɵˡ
⻰ʱһɶðǹһ̰㿴ô䣬·ְɣŰҶķˣЬӿ϶Ҫһ˫
ǸֽŶ˲ҩҲҪһУϴ·ʲôֺ׶ģҪľ̿һҪҿɲһֱղѬˣ
ԼﻹĥҪҪʲôģһεģ̲סˮЩ˵ȿҵܸܲЩӰɡ
ɣ㻹īʲôϽˣ
漱еĴߴ٣ԼҲ֪жܼҵģԲŻһŸȥͶ̥ģ
Ҳǲϻĸͳȥˣһ߼ﳹһƬžһȥң뵽Ŀ̲ס
Ī˵ҪǮǮҪգͳǸߴͦεģܹȴҲ֪ˣݴ˵֪ĶҰš
.

ٶʮ£һ

ﻹΪ˻жƭһӴŷ˿Ĳһⶼϲ
ʱ֣һӵ緹Ҳ⣬ؼҵ·ϱ㿴վǰʲô
߽ǰЦµػˣ·пɺȥϣҲûأһǴʳء
ûԼٵȵȿɡ
ĸ첲ũߣ˿ʮֶӣҲȡЦ
㵹Ƕûкܴĵ⣬ΪҲûҪʲô˼ȻﲻİѰǶô˵϶ٽʲôˡ
ȴЦһаɣҲ֪ǲˣϵһһԶûأ߲·ˡ
㲻˼صԻԼȥһٷܹܱİɣ
ܻȥˣֻǼɩɩңϲӣĸҽܲȥǼҲһٷԣʵڶܲˣ죬ҰҶûطң
ʮֲ˼ĿΪüͷԵüë˰Σġ
ֻ÷УһʮŮˣѧ˼СףδЩˣξܾûصǶûʲô
˵ۼҲҲûһóȥһ㣡
ͻȻôһ֮ҵʳܲ˳ԵģǰҲӲ
ѽôʱ˻ųԷأ
Ц齿Ŀδ⸱ӵûסȻǱ֣ȴ
ɣǻؼҿһٵģҪǹǱ͸һЩĻû취ˣȥ򣡡
Ҳһڷ飬㻹ûƽϣûԵӣһٱҲûʲôϵֻǲϲŮԼһơ
Цǿصˣȳ԰ɣҵǻ
Ҳ̣ôӲѹţûϸ֡
ؼˣ˼ʰһ׼ȥϺúóһ٣ʳҲǼٻȥ˳ʳ
.

ٶʮ£

ҲǼ˻ϸɾ·Ϸɱȥģ￴˲ɵúĽܵĲ֪ȴţ١
ӺðԽԽۺ㣬Ҳ֪ʲôˣܼ޸ôˣһŮˣô͵øҷϣ
ɶɶУɶɶʣ⻰ˣΪɵĲҲûлңǶܲ˱ˡ
һߣϵԬҵϴãĿרУģǼûԹ⣬ûԹƵġ
Ԭ˿񶼴ģԼûһѿߣжѿˡ
ԼĸףĻ䷹ģˣܱܲô̻ʣֱˣ
ûв飬ԼԺͬʱҲ˸УһѵʳӲʵ磬ô԰⿴ʲô
ǸЩûĸˣҿˣԶ࿴ۡ
Ԭ˽̵ʲôģŽż죬֮ǰͬˣû»ָ죬֪ĻΪļҵСأ
⺢ӣ˾˴ţҹ㰡⺢ӿɽĺܣû¾ͱ߶ʲôˡ
ڳԬҲ䷹ʮ⣬ڼʶ˼ҵĺô֮㲻̫ٻԼǸңϾǾ
ǿЦЦΪ˲ۣпտ϶Ҫؼңû´ԼĽڹԲȣ˼ԬҲⰡ
һٷһ˳Եĺ죬ԼԵ̫̭Ԭҵ˷ûڱԱˣһĲ˼θ
ˣǳŵ·߲ˣ̱һֱͣ綼޲ԼҸطȥ
С򷹹ݵĺԺɳûע˽ȻǸűͷˡ
ҿҵˣ
ɵͷֽһ£ȥеĸӶһԣҪߡ
ſңҲؼңң
ʹ󣬵һʱỹⷹݵС˽СɻæʾҪô
ɿĵȰͱˣһȥɣ㲻ؼסĶô䣬иôô죬һʲô
.

ٶʮ£ͷ

ν֪Ī֪ܲʲô˼
㿪żɽҿǼûӲҵİɣҳҲһˣҪһأҲᵽڲ
ϣҲһֱȰ
ΪԼţȴͻȻע⵽ϵ·һֱɴֻϴŵȴǴӼǼ
ոµ£ɿȷûһûвģģ˵ɶҲðȥ
ʱ϶û׬ҪȻܸԼôõ·
㲻ȰʲôˣҸԵѾӴԺǸûûңֻǽһȥľ˰ɣ
Ҳ֪ʲôаϻؼˡ
˵˼Ҷ˵һշްն޵Ĺߣе֣ǵ㿴Ƕһôˡ
񶼼ʮˣôִȥҲ̫԰ɣĺˣ϶ôˣҸ㱣֤
㱣֤綼ȢˣҺҲǲӰ죬ҲõĻᱻ˽ӣǸʲôŮ˴ҲĿõģɢҲ˵ʲôģ
ԴȢʮ⻹һξԼôӲ㱼ƺԼصʮʱҲӣ˵ʲôʲôġ
ֹ֣ܱûǿɣɢ˭ϴ˵ͣ⸱ģбŮԸ㲻ɣ
ǮбʲôƣҸ㽲ôͷӵӣҲô㣬㲻úŬӾˣҪɢ
ɢˣһȥĶô꣬ûˣ㻹Ҫˣô¿ɲ̫
ģѵ񲡻һǰ˵ɸˣԼ˵ɸĺ
ҲˣĿֱɵһͷӵӣΪǣҲűģ룬ȻûҲơ
ûжǶǰɣûӣܳôͿӶ껪ҵɫ˥ûΪǣʮͿŸʮͷһǰɣ
ûطȥұѼøԼӣ⻹ҲѿˣҶٻȥӵġ
.

ٶʮ£̫

ɵһҲǳ׼ŭȻθߣһ˵Щʱϵı鿴źί
ίҲ˵ˣԼǿ϶ģŮˣá
ôһôСˡ
æԼ׵ͣȻ⻹һСûǰԺµ˸ˣɶû˵˳ȥȴʲôû˵
˼źݺݶСݣǱԼβͻȻĺ壬ɫŤͷԬȥҪе
ʱֻҪһڣǻȥҲɿʱ򲻻ȥĶȥ
תߣҲǰŸߣСݣҲ֪£СҪڴ˴緹
СĶŷ˷ӣݸһ˫ӣ˰ɣ԰ɣȥʳȥ
ȷǶˣӱͲˣŷˣЩ˵˵ʳŻͦóԵġ
ϲԺ
ǧĸĺҳ㼸ʮ꣬˵ҪͲҪˣ
û˵꣬㱻һŭֶϣŤͷһֻŭĴ˼ҷݣСҪԺ
Ҳ֪ĶȻһƿСֱԺȥֻһ±ƵĿˣҲ˹ûСţҲ˺Ժ
⡭ôһ£
㷹ҲˣһĿǺԺֻĽϴ
ôôңҼ޵ûйҲпͣҸŮҪңŮ˭
ǲΪҪҺģŮˣҪҪȻ˼ҵɷ򣬽˼ҼＦȮģҲӻ
ʲô˵ô˵Ҫ㣬ʲôϵ
ĺǳĶŤͷŵ˵òɵĵˣԲһֱҪɡ
¿ɾ̫ˣһĬԵȻˣֱ˼飡
ȥ
ͦҲȽϹµôһ£ԺȥҲֹ棬ߣ˲ϳԣΧںԺ֣Ǻ濴
.

ٶʮ£

ԺֻһзϵŮ˻ǰһĸϻ״ȥ˺˼ҵǰٰŮ˰ë
δ̫ˣҲ㶼ˣȻȻҲ˱Ůô죡
ָ𣬻ݺݵŮһֻۣŮ̾Ϣһ¶ЩİˣһĻˡ
һԵҲ޼ɵָŮ֪֪ܣз֮㶼㲻ظҪġ
ͳͳұ죬֮Ҫ֣ҾͰѻˣҿ϶ٻȥˣҲػʲôңպķӱļң
ô˸㲻һֻҪڷܸ˸ɻĶûط˯ҪҸˣҪˣ
Ҳдֻ֣ܿͷ˵ʵû飬⻰ϻһ˵ڵĻôڼ˼
һˣнŵԼ
ĻŭգҲŮˣצӴżָȥݺݵ˵ûĵİǣôǰ׸ˡ
ôңԲܣҾԸ㲻ӶˣҶöˣһ˾ȻұŮˣô˰ǰеĶǧҷϣ
ĻʹһԿֵ̲סЦŮҲһԣȴҲʲôʡ͵ĵơ
һ˸һԭ䷢֣ٻһҵģȴһֱվ󣬹оͲһŮеģ
۲쵽űͨջҪãɼﾭǱȽϺõģôͿأ
ƲԼͬĻص˿лԸҪʶȤԼؼʵţȻҿɰɨسˣ
ңϵûиոôˣֱ˵˼ҷʲô֣ڣϸһؼȥԺһȥ̸顣
Ǻúõĸ̸ҪȻǸ㶼ˣǸҺ룬Ҹû㣬ʲô䲻źãԼˣ
˵Ҳ˵ʲôĻᣬŮ˱ˡ
.

ʮ£ûҪ

Ǹ˱ֱȰ˵ﻹʵʵɣŪԼʲô䲻š
Ūôһ׮ǰˣûô˵ιȥ״ɷȻȥһ˵ģ
ȺɢΪĸõӦһЩ㱩¶ĸ˵Ŀ£統һѡ
ŭ˵ʲôϽ
ԶŻ˵벻㸸׻ôת䣬ҲӦ˰ɣϾǰԴ㸸׿ûжá
ǰҶе˽ģܺôһ㣬ҲܱŮߣҪ˵Ҳ御ˣ
ǿɲǣûҪӶˣĶһ¡
ͳѷӸһ㣬û˵ٲǵģﰡҪ۷׷׾Ͷˣ˭뵽Ҳнأ
˵ˣóԷˣкöûء
ҲôԼҵæ꣬ȻسǾˡ
ϣ߳Էĥס飬Ƕ˵Ҫ۰ѼķӷһºˣҿԺеʱҪסأ
Ƿһ첻һ죬˻ڼʱȥоǵȷô͸磬ȷ磬ҲǸտʼûӵʱˣȫûҪٳЩࡣ
ҲûͷͬûⰡۼǸСӲֵ̫£Ҳû㶯ڴĵطѡַ·Զһ㣬һ㣡
Ȼ֪еָ˭ڽ·Ҳûбʲô
ǼȻˣ͵ҩ֮峤һ£ûʲôطܸǣǸСͷŪʵǽΧˣ
Բ֪ΪͻȻһЦ漴ʵΪʲôҪΧǶҪ·ˡ
㲻˵Ϊǵط̫䣬ϸһ»صϲǰǹʲôӵģպһ඼Բʲôġ
ʵϣսƢԣȫ˵˵ʵǿ֪᲻ãҲٶʲô
ӣһЩʳ߲˻ؼңһ㿴Ȼ˾һƪǻؼҵ·סˣ
.

ʮһ£Ϊ֤

ûа취ֻסҪǰܣײˣͬʱ˻Ҳ˿ũһƪĴ
ϵʳ˵ʳȥˣ˵ôô˻ûµأҲš
绹ȥҿɳˣ㻹֪ɣ˸ŮˣҪأ
һһĽҲ֪ǴĶģǵͼӴ׵ʵЩ̲ס̾
Ƕ֮ǰ°ʹˣȻǺ²Ż´ǧﰡ
˺ˣҿȥɻɣԺ͵ȻҪˣЩԼɡ
ǳͷۣ̲סֹǼ˵лǴǷ¸ˣڴҲʮָӡ
һũʵµˣɻһ£˵һ£ɻ˵лֻһֱ˵γϢˣ
ûͬǸ˵˸ӣ˲̫ǿƣҪȻᱻġ
˵ʵҲ֮ǰ̫ʵǸôˣ˵׼ȭߣΪֹ֮ܶһٶǻò˵ͬ
԰ʱؼңɲɵһѸ˴ӵ飬ʱܲˣֱ໰˼ˣ
ȻʮﻹȽ侲ģû˵㴳ļţſڱŭ㣬Ȼڴﴫҵлӹ̫ͣ𣿡
˫˫˳̲ס˵㲻ǷǺڰ׾ҵǼʲô²ǴﴫȥģǻʱѾȫˣ
ǻ˭ôҿǼǺңҳԿĻ̸ǶЦʱǺԺĳҲûˡ
оԼƺҲϴˣǣǳǸûôйʳŵȥҩˣΪ֤ްٻ㰮Ųţ
Ҳýô࣬һ£¶ͼɡ
һ﷢ô£ʵûſ£ǶԼҲֻôŴԼҡ
.

ʮ£

һȰﲻҪˣҪȻ϶ģǾͲֵˣҪ˵һҲǰһˣûҪţ飡
˼ﻹһƬҪҲһӵŮˣôҲ֪ȥĶˡ
ʲôҲܣһĹŮڼﶼס֪ȥˣ벻ˣҲûȥ
ҲʲôȥȰӶôôԲǿƵеڴϾܣһЩ
վͻеĻҪ˵Ȼסģ˸ѣںǵǼʮĸ飬ֻҪԼ̹һЩ
û˵ֻӲˣ
һ磬ûüȥƼĻˣһ̤ļţͼ߳üˡ
вã˳ȥʱȴˡ
ｫĸֶӽ˹֪Լ϶ֲʲôˣȴѾ˶ס
ֻú˵ķʽҰ̫ˣҰ˾ͻһף
ϣԼȥұŮҪûˣٸһλᣬݻǲݣһ仰УǱݣҪȻÿġ
ĵʱҲװʲôӵģˣҲһЦеѾͲסк
Ϊη⸸Ȼ󷴻ڣȴͻȻƵĴЦ˵бǽʹңӾҲĸҹˣ˾ͳװѵˡ
һԵ⻰֪ж಻ٸӣȻԲҪ뿪
˵ˣƲסԼôĸҹˣеûУȻô˵ңû˭ϴˣ˭ģ
ĺӿɲһ˵Ĺ⣬ȻТ㣬׽жĹϵأҲҪӵĹߣϴǰ㲻ǺܲԸЩҲøˣôأ
ޱĿʮֵųҲ
֮ǰ˳ţÿһ㣬Լ˳ۣҪ˵ЩʮĻ붼úѿ
.

ʮ£ά

ǰֻƢ̫ãҲûʲôϵ˭ܳ˻Խݶ˼Ǹͣ
ﱻİû˵һ仰˵ҲǣǰôĲԸڼϴֲʧȥô׬Ǯߡ
ʱﻹûʶҵĶӶôϻ棬Ѿ˵øסˡ
ǸŮ˵ô£ǲģȻһҪҺ룬Ȣţ
ͻȻһתѻǣǸϣʱһԵ࿪ڵøܱڹѸϣҪ֪ҿŸݣһҲǲء
ྭϴţ˵Ҳ˵һģȻ˵ɷľȥˣһӣǸŮ˱Լ𷹹ݵ
ԭȻֻǰ̯ԽԽ󣬾Ϳ˷ݣڹѸκƲۡ
Ҳ֪ʲôаȻôҷϣʹͲ˵ˣձô˵뷨ڹѸ϶ǿŸһģ
ҪǻʵԸǿЩģƴķǲͱסˣ
ԭǸѸֲܸɳҪ§§һŮˣȻ쵽ˣһͷÿ
ҧгݵģ⻰ʱûôűά˵ʲôʲôʲôϵȸ˼ģ
Ҫģʱ㵹˵ĺܣǰôûôάأ
ȥšǴüͷ֣ڻֻ֣ҪǰǰķƵǿɾ˴ˡ
Ǻģĵȷͦ۵ģ
㸸׻ͦϲǸϰģɵʱ˻ִһֻ㸸׸
ڸڿĽζֹţҪ־͹̫ǿˣʱҪǸŮһôһ߻ᣡ
ֻžͺˣʵڲòģһҲǿһ˾ܹõġ
Ҳ˵ȥɻˣҪȻһ˿϶ҪԿ⻹ܰһ㡣
.

ʮ£ǧȷ

ٺЦΪϵĶ֣ʱһɢﻹҪȥҵģĵѹ¡
ǲܻУﵽס϶ԣϾ˼ԼҲ޶ģӳڼʲô£ֻùζ
һ㱻ɷĶûʲôطݵǣĸĸˣֻÿҸ˼ˣȻÿŮ˶һϳһӵĴɵӡ
ֻΪᷳĿ˵õάų죬ʮһôǿƣĶҪҰ
ԽԽ󣬵òע⵽ߣǰ̫׺ԶԶţǺиҿ㿴ģ
ﱻµ˵ֻ÷߷ͲǸˡ
㿴˵ʲôţֻ˵ķݶĶбİĹѪͷʱҪʲôά
һ޹ӣûķۡ
ĵʱЩ飬͸һ仰ݻǲݣɵٽ
ԼеĹӣһвĿֻᶨȻҪݣǴңҲݡ
ԣ˹Ŀ࿴ȻұˣҲʡӿ
ߣһһӽеĵͦȣ˵㲻֮ûطȥȻǼͺ˵ˣҺ֮ҹҾ֪ĻΪøжأ
ĵĿĴ磬׼ľԴͻȻͷеľ
ֻһȷʵ˻棿ķضӣ
ǧȷֻҪܸҺ룡
㲻ô˵ЩӻҲ˼ңҪһձϺʲô
ĵʱԣͻȻ֧ݵ
ĵͷʮֲʵðʲôأҺضðͷڸܸõģ쿴ôð
⼸仰֪ԭĴ绹ͦģĿǰǲܵˡ
.

ʮ£Ը

ؼǣĵôһȰȻҡɴ˿ɼбѡ֮ҲһҪɵġ
ϸһ£ݺݵҸõģȻŮ˹ңʵ
ҪңǸŮȢؼҾƫԸһҪڶ˲꣡
ĵһƻ˵ǲ۾Чһ´˼ңǸҼ޹ҲͦõģûҲźһ㡣
⻰ĵȰģԵܣңһӹ˵ˡ
˼ܿϷݵϰﰡǸѸҲأĶܹ檣
ǲҪˣܿûм޽ҵĸ֣ȻôԸҲ޽Һˡ
˽ֲµʱһԶһĵطתͷһֻһŮ˴СŶ
ֱ֪ܿ˦֣·ƵӣĶʲôûԣ
һܿ⻰ʱ˵Ů֪֮ҵҲģ
ܿߵԱЦ⻰˵ĿɾͲˣô˵أԼģԼѡȨھ֮ѡɣ
ʲôѡ㲻ǲ޽𣿡
ܿͻȻǰŮʵĥ͸˵Ҳܸоͷβġ
ǲǽ㲻ԸλȻǾֻңǾͿԼ˼
ܿˣȻҪŮ̧ͷĵѡ
˵꣬ҲûصˣԸߣңһ˰ɣ
ܿվһ˭Ҳû뵽ȻܴӦôɴ࣬һ˿˭ҲԸȥŮġ
ɼж಻ڼȥˣֻ˵ܿ˶ʵ̫ãȻ׸ҲĸԸ
뵽ܿҲʮ꣬ʮͣȻﲻȱӣƺҲǸߵˡ
ͷǼ򵥵֧𣬾ûˣ·Ҳĸɾ룬ɼƽǸŮˣ㵹ǱȽģ
.

ʮ£ϣ

Լһ˽һϿƼʵҲûô׵ģǰܿģϣж÷ģ
ҿǽ˭ܴ߳ȥ
ҲʲôˣӣǷʽȴôˣԱֶס
ҪֵһֱԵС˽һһû˵㻤ܿǰܿҲб˵ǿ׳æ
׳ԼûҶ֣Ҫ֪һͣһֻˣӣĶ˼ҵĶ֣
ߵԱֹùã㲻ڵŮ˰ҵݼ޹ź㣬ʱҲ˲ǡ
оǰڹѸϿݵģҪǼ޹ǷݻҲǵģʱܰ׵òأð
һӵջһԼͷѹȥŭҲǲ֪ѡѡԼǳ˰ɣ
ǲµ룬յ˵ҵɵùã밡ڹѸۼңǿɾĵˣʱôʰǻ
ŭͷԵͻȻоéٿĵҲʱڵϣһʲôͲԺǴġ
ⲻǰװ׽˿ЦȥҲ̫ˣͬȢһؼѾòˣҲһһ޹ߣ
ĵƳһۣʼУڹѸ޽£ǰһԺֶΪأ
ڹѸûʲôһĵ˵ҵɵӿ˵ˣһûһӵģбΪҲ֪ǴʲôС̡
ûǲͬҲû취ҾͰѻˣԺҲپأ¾ôɣ
ºӲһ㣬պȻĵġ
˵źûʱҲ죬ﻹҪ
û
ܿĸ첲Ҫ뿪ʱĵҲװʲôˣ緭ƵĿٱ任һı飬ݺݵ˵ҪǺúø˵㻹ǰɣ
ҪǰŪĺѿǲǣѸϿżҷǰɣŲķҲȥ
.

ʮ£һһ

ոտһһԸҸõģ˵ҪҲҪٰܿȢȻиõѡ񣬺αػҪأ
һˣȥ˼ҰɣҶһͷˣʵھôˡ
үү̵İˣԼҲûνˣҪܿܵǣķʱ˵ʲôҲ˸ƻˡ
һ·ߣĪӣŮ㰮ôžôţǲܾˣ
û˾ûˣһҲʲôɫƣǺαأҸõĲ
ҲǸɵӣ֪ǲԼﶨͼıģ˵ɶҲԸݡ
ܣⱲӶң
Ķһ㣬ŲţҲֻҲͣ˰ɣʼղΪôŮ˷Լ
Ҳ˵ʲôܿˣҲԿжľĲһӣܿڣุҲûסǶȥ
Ȼ̫ģ߽Ҳ֪ЩʲôʱĸһҲȥæҩĵˡ
ʱֻصʱŰϾ˶ˣһȥôе˵ȥҲûڴ
ֻŭǮŮˣҪ㻹֪ʲôôͿôŮˣϽҹȥ﷢ô飬㻹ԼСء
Ҳ֪˵Щʲôǵô
Ȼαȴеûֻͦ˵⹫㲻ˣϿɾͲ˰ɣ
ҲΪ밡ҹǱǸڵĹѸԻǲתˣ취õĺôɣҲܱʲô䲻ź
ߣҿеõʲôɡ
һֱûͣ£Ĭûп죬ŸڵĶֵﳳҲûɰ˭˵
ʱǻٵĺܣԼĸ׺ִҲȰһ¡
ҹڴշתߣ˼ȥǵȵ֮ǰϣ·ܿķʱʵ̲סǸ˸ˮ
.

ʮ£ѾͷƬ

ǰԬҵʱż̸ܿ˸Ů飬̲סˡ
˼һиˣƻ˵ļң߱˵ɷȥֲԼȱʧģǾиɷͦõ𣿡
㲻ǰϰֵǸŮ
ۼϳԱû̲סЦŶԭڹѸɷԭͳ⸱ӰǾѹǸ˻ұŮˣ
ҳĸˣ㳤ĺÿȰȥԼϱɣͷҲǵ¸⡣
ﱻĽ߬ȭͷҪ֪ڴ͵ŮѾǱõˣǾȻ˵Լªѿܵˡ
ʵϣȷǲܿŸɾƤϾͲ˵ˣŴľͱȽݣ֮ǰȢϱϴ
ҲˣԼҲɶڿˣ·ԼϴҲúϴҲͲɾ
ϣĸҹӡ߿ߣҪҧˡ
˹Цķȥǰ˸ֱԬҶȥԼæ
һ仰ʵҵ̸ôˣҪҪǸڹѸˣ
Ǹ϶ǲ֪ڱĶб£ҲԸٸҹݲұ׸ҲҪǸѸһӣ
һϴŴһԵСѾսսĵϱˮһ̵ȥ
߻Ϊӵѯʵô찡ҵҲǣҲǸڹѸҵŪתҪȻܸɳ
Ҳʵû취ˣԲ㣬ܲԬæѹһǸ˵ķݣ֪ѶˣҪԻˡ
קץһһ㣬ȴûע⵽ԼŮϵΪ֮ɫŶӣźԬ
ԬҲر𰲷ֵӣĲȥұŮˣѾԲôϲˣһ쵽ͷ綼棬˵ѹڹѸˣ
ҪﻹԬĺӣֻԬݲһʲôѾͷƬˡ
룬绹ҧ˵һͷһ°ɣ¶Ԭ˵ʱᣬҪȻҲûʲôգԬɲϲˡ
.

ʮ£

ƽʱҲԬж׽ŮڵĴҲǺܺðԬȻٻ֮Ů취סŸ
ֻҪѶĺﲻԶһϯ֮ҪֱкԺеĸء
ⱦĶӣֻԼҪӦͲóǸŮ˳׵ˣ̱üЦģˣ
һԬңֱŻأڳԱԬҸζ֮ٳԼĶǳɶóԣûɣԬҵĳ˲ٷ˴ȥ
Դֻܿŵİ֮һĵԬҲģԬֱ˶ҪŻء
Ԭ˵ȥһ꺮ů˼ԬҪģ˵˼ԼóԳԸúȺȡ
ϹǿЦ⣬ôֺҲôģԬƳĶһʵ⺢ȶ˰ɡ
ⰵʾĻôټĺһֱȵģɬĵͷʱԬ㽫һƸ꣡
˾ƣ֮绹飬仰ѻ⳶ԬҲǶû˵Ӧڶ
Ҫ˵ԬƽҲֻҪȥ飬ǺȾȱģԬֻԺ֣Ԭϵ˭
ǿ϶ԬҵĴүˣԬҴүԬүͬĸֵܣҲ֪Ԭ˭֮Ȼô
ڶͻȻ˴ѩڱԼҩĻ᲻ῸסʲôģҩѾڵĲˣǻҲʧ˶١
ʵ̫䣬һԲŪ̿裬©̫һ̿費Сůȷסˣ
ԼӣֱȽϴտˮȡůȻ˵ر䣬֮ǰǺöˡ
ѩ쵹ǰˣǰж๢ֱڵǺöˡ
˵Ц죬ȴͻȻ⴫һŭȣȥƼһŭĴļš
ʹһƬҵļУԼɵĺǳȻҳһ࣡
ķԼŵĿû뵽֮ǰԼˣȻԼôһơ
.

ʮ£໴

Ҹ㣬ԲٸЫһӣûܿҲܸͺģϵǰҺܿ˺ں
ƾʲôΪҪܺӵôģ㿴ɵĶЩʲô£ڿ㶼öģ
ͷ˶һɹȴƵһˤ˸ࡣ
û㣬㲻Ҫң
µﻹԼһ֮ͷͷҪקˡ
ۣЦ㻹ԼʲôˣҸ㣬Ī˵ΪϰܿǴһŮ˶ǿ
װģҪȥܿǸ֪֪˶鷳ֲôϵĸϾϵҲˣ˾Ͳ˿㡣
ǸɶͷҪקˣϽְʲôۺú˵𣿡
ѩ׷ɵģҲ֪Լ˶Զˣ·ЬȫʪˣɻķֱŭеȻֱͦˣ
ȥϵ·ôԶôôקͷһ·߹ȥء
ۼȰ˵ֻÿһʹҵﰡʱͱǿˣҵǻĴģȥǸŮǸˡ
Ǹ֪߳ܵļŮˡҸͷǸҪǸŪңұ֤ԲŹǸڹѸģ
ͷʹǲôˣֻðϾݸǰһˣס
Ȼһ磿ӵĹŮԼģҶҶǿǴТ˵ôϻϽߣ
Ҳ˵ʲô˸廨Ȼѩȥﱻ첲ʱ໴С
Ȼ·ûഩһ㱻ѩУѩԼ·ϣĸо̲סȴΪ
ۿﱻǰߣҲ֪Ҫȥδֻɶס˷衣
ǲͣò˳֣ƽĺõӣ廨Ķ˵û
.

ʮһ£

ڶ˵ûߣҽ˴峤峤ﲻõʵϱ⵽ôһ£ʲôˣȻô
ô֪ͻȻʲô裬峤ҪΪҵ
ɴѩĨһҲ֪˭£ⲻҲżݣҪ峤߿ء
Ҫ˵峤Ҳ⵵£òϸѩ죬ԺúЪһ£˭֪ǻˡ
֪ܲ˶ܿʲôˣǲָʹģװʲôûֵģôҵ
¸ҵģܻһЩȫ͸ˣô˵ĸҵ
ȱ龭ҽһ£ĲԣǾԲģ
峤ߵǰļϣͬʱҲĿһֱۣӰ
ֻһ޿κε˵ҸʵڹȥˣΪһҼ⣬Ůˣ˺üȥܿĵң˼ҵΰûһǺõġ
⻹ֵġȥЩˣȻܿÿǵƴ໤ҪȻ룬ҲҪȥǸ
д£
峤һĻɫҲȻܿǸˣϾԼһѸҲףʵô˼ҵģ
ֻ֪ѶˣҪ˰ˡ
ĻǱĳˣ֪˴峤ѵͿʲôú̸ͺúҪߣǸܿʲô
ںˣǵûǵӲˣǵòʧ
峤û˵ͲĺƾʲôһģΪʲôҪҵĵҪߣ
ҪǸúùӣôҶǸڵĹѸ뷨Ҳûʲôɣ
ֱֻ֪ˣȴ˼һԼƽʱǸʵ˴ҶĿõģҪ̫֣ܰƵز𣿡
峤ǿˣͻȻô峤ֲ׵ģһ˻ùЩС߰鷳£Լûʲôúðꡣ
.

ʮ£Ϲ

ˣȻ˵ˣǴ峤ͻȥЪŰɣҴȥ˼ҵǸʲôʱ˼ԭˣʲôʱͿԻ
Сһӣϸߵģֱӱס˵Ĵȣñߡ
˾ôֲµģĶΣصȷǹּˣҲѹôˡ
Ҫ˵ҲǸ˰㸸׿ôʵһˣȻҲƳ⸱ģ治֪˵ʲôǺã
ǰ϶ʵģôû֪Ǹ˸һ
˿ϣһľֳĺˣҺǺ֮ǰͺǶ˹ϵҪȻ˵ԼҲܵǣɡ
Ҳºˣﱧű˵ĴȲߣһһָӱҲ֪жأ
һôﱻߣûֿҲȫɢȥˣֻɽͼȰ˵Ҫô
ʲôͲö֪ˣѩ׷ɵģûǸɡȥ֣һֱɲŲ
ʱѾ·߲ˣɸһֱ飬صﵹ壬֪㽪һֱû¶档
˸ջȥүһֱעŸڵĶŹ˵ʱҼ·ϥƲԣ˵ˣ˵Ǳ˴ȣǹڱĵϺܾûŻģ
Ķֻ֪룬սӿӦͣһʱ˰ɣ֮ǰ·ӵ£һǸʱء
Źغãøĺ紵УȻ˵ͺ˹ϵһӻûµĹҵ磬⵹ᷳ
ǰɣԼû»˺ã
Ҳҡҡͷ˸û취ԸֻǱˮڣڵ˵ЩĻ
ǲʲôֵˣҩһգûκιˣҪ˵һ˲һ仰ûдģ֮ǰɲõҩв
ǰռʲôҲϹ֣
ɫҲûʲô½׼˯ˣŸ£ѶûůȺؾ
.

ʮ£ҲƢ

ϵ˭
һۣ⺰һһ£Ȼı·Ĵȥһ㵹ͦеĪģʡı˿ȥ˱ˣ
Ŵ򿪣ⴵ̲סֻ㣬ôʲô𣿡
㻹û˭˵æģ㻹û˯
ﳯݸһЦ˵æģȴһҲûżӣеסˣĽ·ãȻǰЦôˣʲô°
ģⲻ˶еԲѵģҪչȥéһŪȥһѣ
Ϊܾʲôȴû뵽˵ҪȥéҹȥɣǶŮҲûʲôҪܻģϾǸӣ
˵űȥé㻹治ûرȽŲõģýţ˵׼һգ۵ĹŪþˤˡ
Ļıĺ΢ǲԸæֻѵ⡭ÿôŪҪȥɣ
ãڵǻģôܻûأǿ߰ɣõȼˡ
ԼƣȥеģҲֻȥ
һ̣˵ôҲŲҪңûõģƽﲻٳԺȣؼʱҲã
ҹĶٸȥ˼𣿸ҵ˾㲻ˣ㻹ĵġ
ҲǲʾȻȣƢȴǲ˲٣۳ŻҪ˼ң˼Һû˵Ķܵ˵ġ
ˣˣ㲻ҪȥéϽȥˡ
ΪͷĿżȥ˯أĿƳ˫ϣϥϰźı
˿˿Ѫ˳Ҳ֪ôŪģʡ
Լ֮ǰĹڣȴСǼ˵ҲҪң˵͹°ӣˤһأ
ҲƢģ⻰û˵תߣȴһסҪ˰æҪȻҲסĸ첲ߡ
.

ʮ£Ҳû

ſڱǳ˰㣬˼ҺĹæͱĥˣˣһﻹҪ˯أû֣
˵ҲǸʲôӦһȥһһҼĸ첲éȥɰŻˡ
һ͵˾ȻŵĴ󺰴УôﰲȻİܵéˣûΪ˱ǰĳϵŶη
һéϵоյģǰȻĻص˷䡣
ŵϣƵˣé˯ɣҲˣ
ﵹҲû˵ȿˮĻͳű㷵Լ䣬ڷգ˯Ļﲻ֪ԼҪʲôʱ
һߣӸԺϵҲʧһɶ
Ǳߵ֮˲ܰ˯ǱעǸ֮ҹˣһҪչ˵ɣһ۵˯ž
Լ˲ˣɾͲ˵ˣүҪܵİɰϵ¶Ƚ˯žͿʼֺ֡
һһˣҹ˵ӶҪŪ㶫ԣˮȵĶҪƵéﶼǲڹ
ƽʱûµʱôˮҲûéĴôڣҹ϶Ҳ˯ˣҲûȥ
ԼʮַѾķéںȥĴʵ̫࣬ƣûˤˣܹǼֵˣֱһӵڴϡ
εĽѵҹϸˮͣһЩһֱҲû
Լ˯Ҳ˯һʱûøɲʲôģ֮ĸ
Ҳ΢΢ʱɵ½ֶ˯ﰾҩ£Ȳ˯£ҲϢһ
ʱѹʱﻹû˯ѣǿһЩɺмҪȥһˣһʱˡ
ţ̫̫Ҳû±ӦǿƤǰԬңԬʱȥˣԬӴ
òĹ˵һҹûô˯ڸԵ㲽ЩԬ࿴ۣȻע⵽ԬĿһֱԼϡ
.

ʮ£ɷ򲻹

ֻΪԼƯ˼һֱţﻹ̵ģҲûԬеʧʲôġ
ֻﵹǾͦȵģǰʵɩôԼһ˹ˣҴأ
ɱˣԴؼҾֱӲˣǸȻһֱ´·ȥɣ
һͽץס֣ܴģʵԼչ˲ˣйȥæѡ
ȻǻˣϾԬĶٷˣǲߵһѾ߰æҲǿԵģﻹһȥԼŮͲôˣ
ôأ֪͸סˣǴɩһ£Ҹȥ
ԬкѺһСѾ߱ϻң֪϶Ҫڼסġ
ʱҲһиܰһչ˼鷳ˣ
صʱѾ쵽ڣһűȻһ̤űǳһܵȥˣ¼ɷ򲻹ܵġ
Ҳ˵СѾ߽ţѯʵﰡҴôˣ
ϣ簡ôզˣҾ⼸첻´·ҲöˣɩȻ˹
һ̴Ӵһۣǰˡ
һǿر𲻺ãԼжţҲǾиˣҲˣ
һСϣ˯ˣټտҲٵʲôƤҲҲ֧Ųסˡ
ţ̫̫㽫˸һɶȵӶﻹôһȴѾſһ˯ˣ
ûٸ߶ƽôôãϾǶˣԼߵСѾȥˡ
з˻ﻹһֱڸţ̫̫˵ãֱ˵һûҲ˯ˣҪ˾ԲԼ
ڼң˯һþˣԾɿʮֲ˳ۣƳ˯ĺҧгݵôûûεŮˣ绹ڴûأȻ˯ţ
.

ʮ£ı䲻

ҴôͱˣҵڹѸôɡ
εҡҡͷкСѾȥɣιˮʲôġ
ô졭ǸĲˣҺŪɼȫûˣ
ȶµ·˻֣ԼĲҲǶ˹ˡ
粻ŵ˵ôأҵڹƾ̫ˣӦûʹģϾǸı䲻˵ġ
ʱҵҲٸƢˣۼҲûиǣҴֲ̫ãָأ˾Ͱ˾˵ģǸڵŮ˸ҵ檾ˣ
ҾòܣɻǸŮԼ˵ˣǸŮһӻˮȻ׸ֻ
˭Ҳû뵽ͻȻôת䣬ϵŮ˸һˣ߶ڴЩЦĻ˵ʲôҪΪһֱôӣҲڸϵŮһȡ
Ҫʵʵڼֵأ˵Ͳ·ˣȴãֻ֪ЩһǼǼҹĺã
Ļȱ˵ˣһ˾ͶȥҵɣҲͻʹˣʱԼúðջᣡ
Ϊ϶ͶˣֻɶûôʯĳɱϾΨһĶӣٶеĵġ
ҵŮˣ⵱ˣοĿ磬δʱڵȷ˲٣Ҳ˲١
ʵϣǸŴվȽŸģûеĻǲܵģ⻹ֻС䣬ﻹ֪ԼŮԬҴжѣ
һֱŵĸְԼƲŸԬȢһõǧСֻûпԬģҪȻֶһˡ
ֻҪԬûȢҷˣ;ԼбĻᣬƽر𱦱ԼĶӣÿˣֻҪ¸СӣԲǰһ
ò׻ؼһˣ˯Ķ࣬˯űŮ˰޵죬ֱʱʵڿס˯ĸŮ˯¡
һߣ㴩·򿪷ţǷֽѾԺĻѩʼڻˣ˼ҪҪȥҩģ
.

ʮ£

ȻѩˮģܱӲʱòϾ¹ѩоϻ˵ѩ仯ѩʱ䣬㿴˿Լ˫ֻ֣½ȥҩĵĻᶳġ
ǵǸɾʮģһܵſڲڵʣҩģǵ죬ѩڡ
ЦŻصȲˣȻ죬Ҳ֣Ǵһܲ˵ģҽоһܲôҶֶĶɣ
а׼Ūʲô涫ˡ
˻һôǺеľˣŮıֱӵ׼һߣҲģǽݣ˳˺Ȳдǡ
㽫Լ֮ǰʣµĲ˳Լ׼׵ļƻ֪ļλˣһ˫һ޲̾ԼҲȥԣ
Ҫ޻û޻ģ֮ǰȥЩ޻Ȼƣڷַˡ
⼸ԼǰԼһԼ϶æġ
һϼƣ׿϶һ֣㵹Ҳż̾ȥ޻ȼ򵥵ģԴһ¡
һڼæ׵飬ǳŽпȥŪѩˣŪҲʪľͷֱգ
õһʱɩСӶԴĺůǷƳָеѾ̫ůˣѷҲֵöЩ
ߴɩǣԸ緹ĹＸ֪׿Աֱ˵飬ױ峤Ҷϱ˻ȥ峤
۷㣬˵Ǵ峤֧ͦǲ޻׵ģ׼ټɵŮ˹æŽ첻ȥҩģǶЩ
кԼŴ峤Ķϱȥ˴峤ңΪ峤󣬷Ҳůͣһ׼ڴ峤ҷףҲͲ˵ʲôһȥˡ
Ҫ˵峤ʱҲǼ÷ҵĸ֣ϧʹˣ۾ĺܣ߶ʱ۾ûˣ
մ峤ϱĻ˵ŵһָһرָǸ֡
峤Чʮֿ٣ûñЩŪһ޻һҲһ㲻峤ʡǮﶼ޻ܱ˵ֲĥˣ
.

ʮ£۱

峤ЦǺǵҲ޻ϣϾӹˣͷҲˣͱǰҪ󷽶ˡ
ڴҶǵһףһĹܹҲͷֻٶԽԽ죬Ҳˣ峤ҾǵҲǺ
Ҫ۾ʹȥƣ峤Ӽ״Ҳôһȱˣװ۾ˣ۾ôô
ʹʰһ¶͸ظˣæ㶼ûԷأŷˣҶԼĶӣһͣһȫöˡ
峤ʵûô෹ˣҪȻֱܻٻء
Ӵ峤һãʱоԼ۾ɬĺܣҿƵģԴҲеʹ
صҷҲûųԣķζʮ㣬㻹ȸԼ۾޽ߣǵ֮ǰϲȥѧãһ۱٣ÿ鿴Ľˡ
ϵͲ˯ˣسЩ̫ùˣһ񶼲ʹΪԼԺͽαԼ۾
ʱԱ߿ţ۱ԼҲѧˣҪȻҲͲԼ۾ˡ
ķͻȻޱȵҸտʼĴһһڵ¡
ͻȻۣЦ˵û뵽ɣһҲˣ֪տʼĸҸˣ
ͳڸܻˣֻҪҾ͸۾Դ
㻹ˣЦҲҪȥұźңͲҪˣϲˣ
ѵ⸱Ƥһÿ𣿡ɷµĵ㣬شĳһǾͶȥҲ֪㲻˵ʲôûˡ
һȹĶŷȥһ£㻹ڴ΢΢Ϣֹ֮ʵʵĳȥ˯ˣ
ǰ̿Ѿ˵Ĳŵ񷿣ٰѸɵķŵԣ˳ľ֤̿ҹϴ˯
˯ıȽ磬컹û˹Ҳ𴲣һԼҲ𣬾һ̰ѵ
ѩѾĲˣҲ죬ҪҴȥҩģ˼ף
.

ʮ£ʲȥ

ӵţ֪вסصðѾ˫ˣԴȥһ¡
⻰̲ס˵ԼСﻹԼģȷһˣ
ɫѾ˵࣬Ҳˣ캮ضĿ϶ҪԵȺĶУҪȻôܿأôġ
˼򵥵ĳһ࣬ȥ˴峤Ҽףǿũ׼ѵΪҩĶڳȻͲˣ
ߵæµǱ߿ɾˣСѾ緹ҲûԼڣ硣
ڼԹ˴⣬ִԾʲȥˣҲͬģһΪ¸оģô嵭ʳ￴ʵûʳ
ƽʱҲôɻǳԵһҲ٣ǼӵĻ޲ÿ춼⣬ֻʵڶ˲Ŷһࡣ
ŲԲԵ£ԼӲҪģֲˣû˵ԳԳԣ֪ԣⷹҲûٳҲжĸж󣿼ﶼҳɶ˻˼Դأ
⻰˵ģ֪ĻΪҳɶöˣ㿴ԵʲôԼԲȥҲԷôչǣ
Ҫǳʲôõô˵ҿԣҾͶҲô˵ͣΪͦⶫûǼõˡ
ǼΪʲôԼû𣿻ΪȢ㻨˼Ļ㣬ҪҪǵģܵ˻Ϳ֬Ĩ۵ģ
ۼҪֻεĲɩӣҲǻͷϣ˵ҲҲƽϡ
ĸ˵ˣɩҲһʱ˰ɣӡûʲô𣿴ʲôʱأ
ЦŸ˿̲ˣ⻰ĶϿȥ
ɵܣﲻ˼صȥҵҪš
˵ҲΪˣһʮеģ˵УͷҾ͸˵һǾӳ
ƺӵ֮ڿҲûôĲ˳ˣ²Ȼϱϵǲõģ¹ܳǰ˵ĶãԼ޹ŮһԴԼ
.

ʮ£Ȣһ

ڷһֱ˵ͣҲҷϣô˻벻ĸּ¶Ҫ
κûжķӿȥסҪȻԼҲ͸徻ˡ
˵ʱСѾһһڵιϡ࣬һĲˣĿûаˣʱû̸
ȵСѾ߰ѷι˳ȥʱﱻ˽û˵䣬ʵɰﶼôˣôӻû㶯أ
ҪӰѾҿűˣʱﶼЩ߰£ôһϲ³һҲã
ԼɵıԵúֻܲǲţɫŻôѿ
ֻ˻˵ﻹǰ͸׵½˵İɣҪȻ˭Ǹ˼Ӱ
ͲùˣҺýͺˣֻҪӳˣ
ɵɫʮѿԼˣĶԼĸŪȥ
ʱ滳УǲĶģҲֱӸԼѾû취ӵ°ɣϾ޵黹ûꡣ
ôһôܵˣξɹ˼ǸֱƢ֪Լϣ϶᲻ܲȥģ
ʱȫ˶֪ԼǸˡˣ
룬ɾԼµط߹ʵΪʲô鶼
ˣؼʱ̽ӶĴôܵˣȲżȹʱ˵ɣ͵͵ˣ
µҲһ̲ס¸ˣϵҲôã̼Լĸס
ҿɲܣĸ쿴Ҳ˳ˣҿ治Ҹ㱣֤һ̵ס
ɴǰĵϣ뵽Լ̬ȾҲ֪ԼǻһȢģȻôԼɫ
ѵͲԼһ˾ˣΪԼǸʲôö
ûϱȢһ
ŲٺھҩģΪһֱţҵûожຮ䡣
ţ۵ֱͦ׼ЪһȴԶһĴ̲ס˵Ǳʲô˰߶ġ
.

ʮһ£ֽ޴

õһ˵⴩ŴǴģǮ˼ҵү
̧ͷȥֻΪ׵ӵȷеЩϤ߽ϳسǿҽݵǸϰ塣
ŵҽҩ̵ƹе֣ôԶܵˣ
Ϊ׵ҲŴϵܰǿҵˣǲװ
ϰ壬ôôˣкЩƹ񡭡
еĲߵǰΪҲһֱߣĻʱͣ
ⲻ˵ҩˣԹһЩ˿ȱҩˣŽȥһЩأسǲ֪ÿжץҩ͹ˣ
ߵͰʮֵַĻϰֵĺ飬ʵ̫ˣڻϰ岻վǰҪ̧ͷֻվԶһ㿴
ԭֻǻϰҲˣҩĻûأֻҪˡ
ָָڵھҩĵĴǣϰֻһ۱˵ѽĴһôҩĿˣ
ҩĻûҲûϵʵڲҸǶЩھˣûģϲʵҩģմڳĿʵˡ
̲סЦЦƳһԼϵ͵Ȼ˵մڳʣҩҲడϰͲҩϲ˵𣿡
ҪҿҲ˲ˣЩڳĶŵĶȥˣͷֵܴȥ
ϰһ˻̸͵ĵͷֻǼţԼЩȥڳҩġ
һ㻹ڴ峤Һ˸ףȴͻȻ˴ӵкȲĴ峤˵峤Ѽʰһ£òɣسЩҩϵ￴ǵҩˣ˵ҪӵҩĻȥ
£ҿɵðѼúʰһ£Ķˣ
峤һҲʲôˣվʰߣȴ֪ôĶ֡
ͻȻ޴ӣǰŵС̲סЦ峤𼱣ȥڳҩжˣʰ
ǻУǸ㰡ϽϵĻһ£Ѽ߰ʰһ£ҹȥǱ߿
.

ʮ£Ψһ˲

峤ԼϱһԼѱűŵСһȥسҩˡ
ߴ峤ǰŸһߣȺǱը˹һߴߴŴ£Ͼ⻹ǵһسǵĴﵽСɽ
һΪչǵҩģ£⼸һеסˣ֪Լҩʲôģ׵ٶȶ
ԼҲֻ㻹ĵķԼеףҲһ·Ų£תһӦûףͲȥ¶ˡ
һе񶼽ȥ죬ֻůڷ첹
Լ˰ʱ峤ԺнûһȺ˱㿴峤һȺŲ˽
س˶ǲͬģҩһеĸ˶ɵˣΪЩҩһǱȽϸߵģ·ֱȽϺã
͸һָ߹󲻷ĸоٶôĸ˶ɵ㶵Ŀ˼ңԼϵĻˡ
ͬģҲ˻ϰע⣬һ޻ʵʲôôô޻
峤ϰ»ЦǴɵСڷأĴҩֶܲ˺ĥƣ
Ŷǻǵһ˵֪еܲøƣҲǿ۽硣
Ȼԡ
峤ֻ֣÷һ˫׵ݸҩǲ鿴һۣӵצӾˣҩõ׷׷Լһ¡
оůůĸо֮˵ãҲǲĵĿ佱ⶫͦõģ˲ű
峤ЦЦǫ˵ɲҵײǱģӾǰλǴΨһ˲Ű
ŶԭֵܵķˣǾһȻڲֵͬȢôһλɷˣ
ֻע⵽˸һЩҲˣû뵽ȻǱ˿˵ǸŮˣҩĸ˿С
ӻͦһŮ˵óʲôӣôһжĿ϶ÿȥǸΪ³Ůˣһо˼飡
ֻ΢ЦףǴкˣͬʱݹȥһ񣬽ҪԼ֮ǰ顣
.

ʮ£ɥĲ

ͬһЦȻûҩļ۸ġ
Ӹ峤˼䣬Ȼ㿪ʼֱˣǼҩ̾ͰѴҩȫˣڼ۸ҲǺܸߣԱ߼˶˵ĿҪˣ
Ͼһҩ׬֮ǰʳ˵ļ۸ܲ
̸һʱȴͻȻʵһһĸλϰ壬ǻЩ۸ҩԶٱļ۸سǵأ
ἰʱϵЦе㽩ӲܿЦĸõ˵ֵ⻰˵Ŀɷˣȥļ۸ɶֻȴĹôͭ壡
̾˿ǲֹͭɣǵϴҷץҩβǾһҩľȻĸߴʮӡ
ʱҿɾˣû뵽ֵҩľȻô󣬸û뵽Լֵҩĵ߾Ȼȫò𣡡
һĳͲˣмҩ̻ɳҲǱȽټģԺеͷȵľ͵µҩ
ҸҩĻһʲôҩĶǷӣǻ̸̸չҩĵɣ
װʲô֪ҺɵĸŵɵӣĶ仰ܺȥġ
ҲӲģֻװȻģ˵һΪǻϰѼ۸̧̫ߣ˵һ䣬ϴȥҩòƾµġ
ոҲ˵ˣǲôɥĲѼ۸ǵôߵģǿ϶ҩ˳⣬ĹһЩԼб˽ң
ؿЦˣģصһȥ͵ҩѲһ£Ƿ鷢ǶлֵܸˣҪһһֱڹء
ûϰлֻǻͷһҪ²˳ǵ׵ҩ۽һЩҪȻĶһģ
¸Ҳô࣬۸ȥҩ̲ҪŴֱǺ֡
ָ˻Ӽ䣬˵Ļ˵ϸչҩĵ£ӽ˹ҩ˻سǣ
ʱøǵҩǮҲһֲٵ͵鶨֮Ӿ̷سˣ峤ϺòҶûһڣԻسǻмµ
.

ʮ£̫

ԼҩһߣǿɶæµôõҩǮˣҲǸ
ҩĻû꣬߻ϰַ֮˵Ǻ˾׸ãⶫԺдô
ΪҪõҩǮˣһؼʱֺǺǵģӴ峤һ磬Ǳ߻ûæ꣬Լء
ԺҲǾΥĴζСѾȥЩȻɺﲹӣҪԬˣ֮ǰúóԶٷ
ҲǿˣԼɩӲǿԼĸײúԣŮ˸ͲôʱΪʲôᱻˡ
ĸܵԼٷõģҲѹȢ֮ǰȢ֮Դأǰ̫Եʣ
ʱϰһ̵ŹǣԼݶͷ׻˵ɶɶѾ߸Ĵͷ
Էʱ⣬ǲУ￴Źֱʿˮʵ̲סԼӼһ飡
е㲻ˣһ鲻ĿŹܹô㣬ɲӵģôˣ
ⲻͦģǶԣΪβҳԣ˵ûͲԣ
һڣ￴ԼӼŵŹǶʱûʳֲˣɴŹֱӶ׼һ
ﻹֱ׳ǲܳôˣһеģ˵Ķûôóԣ㵹ãͼļУҪǸҲˣҪԼԣ߲
㲻Ҫ̫ˣյվ˫ַϣԥҪҪһˣĸ˭ҲԲˡ
ϻﻹɲèˣ˭ʱԼǰôԼͲðԺ󵽵Ҫ˭źأ
˺ˣǿŹԺٸˣôɩһôˣûôǲǣ
ڼҴѾֵͷۣҲ֪һ쵽ҪٱŻЪһЪһС¶ܳ
ٳһҲô͸һɣ
.

ʮ£ʾ

Ϊ˼Լ˵ȥɺѡ˵ûԼŹǷŵС
Ҳθ룬Ϊ֤ԼйܲһŹǣԼȥˡ
ʵҲûʲôóԵģҲЩûúóԹһˣһֱˣʲôóԵĺúȵĶ͵źһˣûµʲôģ
صûãԶһСŹǸҺ˵ɩҲ̫࣬ƢŻȹʱͺˡ
ˣûȥǳ԰ɡ
ȻԸĺ⣬Լڴ߲ΪҲǸԵˣȰ˵ﲻΪ˳ˣȻǷŹȴûûȥ
Ҳ൱йûȥԣŹǷѾ˵ԼĸײҪôﳳͣˣúһҶʲôˣ
ԽԽίԼôͼ޸ôҷϣֵܣһ𳤴ģôô
˵ϱ֮ǰҲôϣΪϱȻܸϾϵɾͲУֱǸӣ
ôʵȴʲôҪĸУɷΪƢøŮˣȻ֪ڸġ
úõһٷΪݱôӣôһ޶ӣڶһɻûʱԼҡ
Ҳ緹ҪԬˣȻǸĸ׸һţǶԬȴʮֵĲģĹȥԬҪȢҵϢ
Ű͵ڣȻԼһȳһյߣ·ϻôһͻңֻԼ߻ȥ
û߶Զͱһֵ߹ȥһԭǱ˵ҩˣ׻ҩ̷ַǣ
һĻǰ￴ۣԵһ£ƽÿһ˼ҶõСʮӣΪضֵ࣬ҩҲֱ࣬õǮ
˭Ҳ֪жӣǮҵ֪ӿ϶ٲˣɺ͵ӲƤһ顣
ô׬ôӣ
ֱӻʾ޲ðеӶʴ
ûǸ£߻ؼҶѾɵʲôˡ
.

ʮ£

õҩӵĴÿһܸˣûע⵽һԵ춼ȽϸˣЩҩֱչ
ʡҩĵĹӣһǻҵģΪҪڰæԵҩľȫȨա
ҩĵӵȻس㻹Ҫ˼ҵģһֱҩҩĵĳӣȻش֮Ƶߡ
ѹֽߵʱһҲûԭǶǱҩˣ뵽ǰ׻ۺĲˣ
صԺлƮÿõʮӵĳһ˾룬ǰҺù϶Ȳˡ
뵽ɾͲˣ˿϶һҩģ֮ǰڼʱƺͲ̫⣬ھ͸ˣ
ۿżֻ⻨ûģ϶ҲӻͻȻż
ҪǰЩӣҩӶûˣص֮ڴϣôõЩӡ
ͻȻ׹ʲôҲûҪûûܻ˿ܻûǮβȻ
ӻص˼У׵»û깤Ȼһֱţڴѡµַ˼Ͳżسˡ
ӣҩӣҪַĹǻܹʮӣһҩľͲص׬ˣ
˵Ĺȥ˼ҹʷˣñżڴ峤ʲôʱȥǿԵġ
ӱһֱŻأʱ緹߽ЦЩӺǸأǵҲûôˣ˵ԺҩĻҪǣ
ǿ϶İҩģҩİβݳ涼Ҫ˵ġ
㶼ѾˣȹֲҩģֲҪˣҪǣҩĵв˶Ǽ˼Ͱθһɶ֮Ժ϶ҪЩ˾Ͷˡ
ԹҪʱ˼ңЩֲúøɻˡ
ţҰһɣԱǾȥ峤ң·ݵ鶨ҲûҪˣϲǻȥأ
.

ʮ£

򵥵ϴ־İвˣȻ˵򵥲ķˣζϲ֪Ǳĺ˼
˵緹ңҲɺôԺȣĸѾҪӵĵز
ǸȾվˣ˵ջҪվģӵǺһЩˣﲻ֪ʲôûָʹȥ
ΪҲܳԣֱǰ׷˵׼ܰҵĳˣºŵ˵
εʱʵǶӶܲˣһȳһյĹȥ˯ͬһɸѣ
һȲ˵ɰϽϱҲѳˣֻҪܳԾУҿˡ
Ƣ쳣𱬵˵ĶôúģԼҪȻжѾ㲻֪ƽ㲻Ҫô㲻ںˣõ˻ȥ壡
֪˯ͻᷢƢҲ˾ռ˵ģɵĻȴǲҹͬ
Ʋ˵ǸǮŮˣһӶ˵ƨƨߵĻˣ㰡԰ɣҪû˵׼͸ˣ
˵һӣΪг˵ϲĶʣµҲ㿴᲻޲÷ɻ
ټһӣһЩʵǴĶģۼҲѾû𣿡
øģҪȻĶŪôӣҲʲôģǵ취Щӻˡ
ĻȻҪѪˣ㹻Ӽ򵥵ԺµˣȻǲʲôã
Ҳû˵ʲôഩ˼·ӱ׼ȥ·ɵ˫ֱŶӣԶԶȥͬһͷһ
ʵҲǶӶҪȻĶһֱ˯ͣž˯˾ͲоˣӣɾԼȥң
ϧһֱڼҵȵϲεɴɸһѶͦ˵ģһΪչʱɫֱĲ
һߣ峤ңʱ峤ֺǺǵӣ˫۾ЦĶгһˣҲʮֵĻӭ
.

ʮ£һ

峤үүһ˾ﻹеػָܷǽ·ҼסǸСҲ֪Ǹʲô춼©磬뻻طס
Ҳ˵׻ֱ⣬Ҫס´峤Ҳûֵ̫ȣϾõЩӴ峤ǿġ
峤ǰ˵سһͥԺҲûжʣϸһ´ﻹĶܽݣȻѵַһһ㣬Ƿȥѡ
ΨһźסĵطǱȽƫԶģֻǴ峤ͦã㶼ν
ڴ峤ǰһ£סĵػѡ˴βĵطɽˮɫķûͦһζԵġ
Ȼûʲô˱峤ˣǿػҲǰ׵õģŴ峤ֲҩĵķݶϣ峤ǿʮӣ
峤㣬һҪ˵ʮµĵػ
ط֮Ӵ峤һ·ǿط࿴ۣԽԽϲҪԼҲȽԶ
Խ˵ĵط鷳Խ࣬סҲûкڣԱѡ⴦ȽƫƧģҲǺֵˣԺסô徻ĵطҲǱȽϲġ
žשߵ뽨ʦˣҪ·ݵ˾֪ˣҩĶ˵ԵʣҲȽУû±סػ߿ۡ
޶Ķשʯ֮дĽ˵׼ڴｨϺõլԺõĶשʯߣשһ鶼ʮǮأ
ڰשͷһ۲ЦʲôլԺڷŵ꣬˯Լĵط͹ˣҪŪطҩģǵҩܲһֱŵ˼ң˼鷳ɡ
ɾǼˣ˵жˣҪǷҩģŽⷿݾΪЩҩģҿǾǮյĻţǰһɣ
дЦ䣬԰ڣȴû˷УΪ˼Ǹ¡
Ҿһһֲҩĵ֮ڴеԵԺԭֵǿſűȥæʲôģ
Ȼ˵ҽ·ݣô˵ҲǴһϲ£ӶԷȥæǺͲٸ׼˺úдЩݵʦǣӴæүǡ
.

ʮʮ£Զ

֮ǸСһֱŮǵĻЦǰĲУͬʱҲʵҪ裬˶Ϊҽ·ݸ˵ʱֻԼ˵Ǯյģ
سһס˻԰ڣ֪ۺ˼ҲЦЦʲôҲ˵ʵҲûҪ˵ʲô
ǴҾҲͦģһͻɷˣ֪ﲻôܣһЩСҲͲƽˡ
ﵹͦģסļȽҲǺˣȥػǱ߿ʱ˼ҵѾ˲һˣһɫשʯ߿Ľˣ
ȴǸĸеڣûôżĸϾϵô·ãǲҲ˳µס
뵽һֱּҵ飬жߺͲˣ뵱ǿģƾʲô˵ҪּҾͷּң
˵ˣﻹȫָźأ˼ԺǾҪԼһ˳Ժˣæ˶ûУ⼸ҲûأҪϥǲŸջ̲סȥϿʲôˣ
Ҳʱûȥĥô̵ôˣȥϿǸǧڹη⡭
Ҳ֪ϰסĶֻ֪ķݣΪȽŲŸպãﲻԼȥԱһˡ
ʵҲԼС̣һ첻һˣȻҲŷŪӣ˵ǸڵŮ˰檵ݼ޽ңʱķӶҵġ
˵ɾϵڱĴ£ԽԽĶҲ͸ˣſܲϵҪôӲȻڵļ޽ң
ϰķʱСûע⵽ϱˣｫһǰ£ȻߵСǰֺСǼƹأһ档
ƹڣʲôɸҽСǿЦţĿϱ˶һΣ֪϶ǸȽǮĸˣӲԼƢѹȥ
ҪǻѰˣ϶ͲôõɫˣϾոʻ˼СǷƽƵġ
ڣĶǿԶףرѰģ
.

ʮ£Ц

һĵӣԶ׵С£Ҫ˳˵ķҲżȥȡˣ˵û˵ƹʲôԶװ
һһǣСȴֻһȥСһ۱ϳվŮ˽һƿСĸ첲˺ôһ࣡
ûȥ˵ӡ̫̣˭Ҳû뵽һֱؼںԺǸ˾Ȼôӡ
֮С̬ȴĵĿ˵ϣҵ˭ô߰أԭˣϴƹĵ꣬ɶ
СĶǵж֮⣬ѾҪҪѳĳӽгϸһ־òڣϾľֻŮˣ
ȻڷﵱӵģϾǸˣԸŮ뻹ܹģСҲáʲôΪҲǳصġ
ȻҪҪ˵ôʲôϽ˵סĶˣô̫һĥĥģ
ﲻĵСһۣСĻһŵһվʮ˼ǻķˣ
ҪԼǼˣ֪߳ܵĹ˵ɷ򣬻ڻ𣿷Ƕҵġ
٣Ҫɫ˥ԲסԼɷô˼ϰ壿˼Ҷ˵һĲ죬ôܾ͹ƹһϣ
СҲſڱɫ˥ʵΪһֱԺúȺã⸱ģڴͬǲˡ
˵ЩСݣ˵ѽҲ֪˭ƹſڹһһҹƹԭҪʲôģ
˵ǰӵɷԼƹ񣬻ƹɷģҪ˵⻹һֱƲûƹĵꡭ
Ҳɷ¿ҪҪ飡
˵ҧгݣΪйˣڿҲ֮ǰǸҷϣֻڱŮǰˡ
ļǵãԼ֮ǰôôûиԼ¹ﶼôԴ
ɴ˿ɼǺǸڵŮ˱Ȳ˵ģΧʳͷ׷ͶĿ⣬ЦֻĮȻģֱܡĿĸооȫ
.

ʮһ£ʢ

СٽЦҪ㰡ʹڼûˣҲ֪㻹ƹʲôɷĻȥ
ǣ˼ƹⷹݿףǱϸְ
ʳ̲סΪܿ˵ûϾǰжǰЩ֮ǰǿɾͼʶˣƹĸûл֮
ֵﱻ˵ƿˣȥСĸ첲һֵ˵ĸ͵ĸǽϱ鷳ˣ˵Ҫ̸ˣ㻹߶߶߶˵ͣģ
ϣ㻹ң
СӽһšѹıͷųˣС־ʹһѣֱƸ򣬲ûˤˡ
ʲôأС˺ʱһ˲СͣգûУֱȥ޶˼Сͷˣ
ܿ״˵ҪʶȤĻ͸Ͻλס֣ҵС֡
ǰܿпòĶԴѾԼľӪķݱһ£ƢõܿҲٸͺ̸
ƹ쿴ˣֵˣ
СԼš۵ĸ첲ܵܿ߸״ôһ˵̷Ӧǰòׯż򵥸ɾĸ˱ǸڹѸ
ǰһǽɲµģƼǱΪµģһֱԼ˵ͣ˵Ļᶼʵû취Ҳһ¡
ûңҲǸˣôšһ·Ӧôһûöأ
²СĿһۣͿʱĿһģһ
Ҫɿ϶ҶЩʲô˼СͲһˣߣӾ׼úʰһ٣ȴܿ¡
Ҳ̸µĵطɣ
ܿҲ̸ʲôµģȾ¥ȥⷹݷΪ㣬¥ϵļ۸Լ¥ºãһ㶼һЩ˻ȥ¥ϡ
ڵҪ࣬Ҳûô˫۾Ͷſţò˵ܿǻ֪ӣһҪãϾ׻˵ҳ󲻿ã±˶֪
һС¥ߣ˾ܿǰϰһһŮڲŪ̿ʹյĸһЩ
.

ʮ£

ﻹǵһ˼ҷ¥ϵλã⻷ɵզȴ־úܣŮӲŪ̿ܿԼϱ˵Ȳ裡
֪лҪ˵ԺʶȤԼˣһǱѵġ
ܿ˿ڲˮɤӵ֪λʲôҪ˵˵СոҲ˵˰ɣǸҡ
˵ױϾǶŮһ򣬾Ϳĸб벻飬ȴɵǺǵһֱܿ鷳ǵûûǵ
ҵؼĶˣ
￴ܿӵĻһ㶼뿴ŮˣģѾⷹˡ
Ҫһ·϶Ȱ侲Ҫȥ͸˳ҪȻֱȥԺˡ
ôһˣܰĶܹסԼȥĶɣ
ܿʱҲǲȥĶˣȻҪˣصҲͦûģ֮ĻҩζԽŨҡ
ܿԼһܰôϿ˵ҲǺ۸ģԼĵϣܿɵ̬϶ҲһЩ
ʵоϻ˵ĺã˵˻˵ܿʲô˾ʲô̬ȵŮˣﲻҲûҪ
ϣǻˣӰ㶼Ҫ޽ҵˣôŸôأԺһˣ಻ðǲǣ
˿Ҫӣ˵ܿ䲻ǣܿƢǱöˣҪ˵ﲻǣ϶˵ǺˣԻѡܿ֡
˵ĸͷһšΪ˵˭Ҫ޸ˣһûͬټ޸أ
ǲȻأôûûݵĸҹҿӺôҲеݵˣôԼ䵽Ǹزء
ЦŷʣƳһֻۣﾹȻûг£ʮְϵĲ֮ɫʮŨȴҲûз
仰ǰܿסˣĬһ㲻ǲͬҼ޽ңҾԲҵݽŵģλ
ôҲһСˣô˵ҲһҰ帾ͷС
ܿĻɫĸһŭ̫ôˣ㲻Ҫɷ޽ѾǺõˣ㻹ġ
.

ʮ£ɵ

ôʱɵǾøҹ޷ֺãܹһĺã
ӵǱãһӱסܿûûָһܿȥңʱӲѾˡ
ӶʵͷӦ˼붼رĻңͿʼӣ׼ܿϵӶƹ˵
Ȼܿʼ˼檵ȷǱûҪãҲ֪ʲôɫǻһЩºͲٵǼȻûˣǻͷҾһ¶ˣҲ֪ȥĶˣ»ͷϸɡ
ⲻͶˣúܱȴֵĲǿˣ
е̸ܿҪ˵ӣ⵹ϸˣֻһһ޿κ֮ɫ˵ӡ
ܿ뿪˵ܹôҪȥҵ˸ɻĵطһܲܰ
Ķ֪Ķɹѿڶôһ仰ˣֻûɷ
ĸԼɷĶɻģ
ҪȥȥԬǮƵģϰҸ˿϶⣡
뵽۾һҲôĿĵңԱһǰԬ
ͨԼĸɩ֮Ҳû룬ͦŶӱӭӣԴӼ֮ҲûȥҲ֪ȽŻָôеģµĲҲɵÿһЩ
ﰲȻվʱﵹҲ˲٣ϴźЦݳȥȻſڱʵ簡ûй㰡
ûаǰڽżȻҹȥģ˵ȥҴ磬û𣿡
ǰվͻȻԼ˾վﵽ£Ѿ׼ģ
кóԵķԼǰͻȻҲżȥˣ½Ͱ˾Ųʮˡ
Ա㣬Ż˵ҽϣصعģûӰԹ㣬֪ﲻ
һֱǸڵŮסһ𣿡
.

ʮ£

˻һ֪϶Ҳ֪ȥ¿еĸ˵֮ǰȥǸŮˣҲ֪ȥĶˡ
Ҳûµǳʲô£ҲûǸŮ˵ԼȥĶЩȥˣҵҵǸŮ˵ļסĶУ
Ϊ˱ǸڵŮˣԼסδ˵һܿݵ飬绹ŶӲ
ҪȻԼñԼ׵ѺȥǸŮ뵽¶ģ׼ԼǸŮʲôĻԲͬˣ
ͨϴҵһ֮ҲǸŮԼеķ˵׼ԺɻðͽԼ״߷縸ӹϵܺһ㡣
һͦɵӣѾȲĴߴٵǻʲôϽȥһǸŮ˵ļңѾȲˣ
ɫһ䣬ɫЩΪѵüҿ϶Ȱ˵ȥһ˾ˣ˶ûʲôգҪЩȥҡ
ʵϣټĸۡûĸ˰̫ƽ˲赹ˮľˣҪȥˣԬ֪϶ٲһټң
˶̬ԬĸףûƵ磬ԬǸȢɶ²ܵģԺ޿ֻô尾ţԼĺ
񾭴ֻгʳﶼûע⵽ĲԾÿǸŪһķˣԱ˳ִһЩȥ
ҲһҲ⣬ϱԬҳʱĶ֪ĻΪС͵أ
һߣڽеԬƿ⿴Ƶĸ׺ɩӣضģԬõʱ
Լĸɩ֮绹ûü߽ű㿴ŵĽӳԼ쵽ſˣˣҲͲôˣ
ҪȻſ϶ֻἷԼʲôģ뵽Լȹͷͣ˶վڼſڵԬ
ݻԬſͣ£ӷԬ˴ӳ̹˳º͵˵ŻˣոĿɻģ
һ磬Ԭ˱㶯ǰسǸһλ˵Լ˵λ˻˲ټȨƵĹٷˣǸ̷أ
.

ʮ£

ԬֻԬôһӣҪиŮԴһͬǰȥΪûйŮԼһȥԬֻһۡ
Ϊ˵ȥȥ
ôһ仰ǳģ֮־ʮֲʣôһֱѧ˼СǣͶͲ֮ǰǸӡ
Ԭ˾ǸϹһΪԬεŬŮ˶ƫʵ̫ԼѾǸҹӣ
֮ҲʵûжȥѧʲôԼĺôôԬ˲ϲͺȥǰơ
ʵҲû취ȥֺԬ˵ģźĻϲȥΪһӷˣȴԬ֣
Ŷӻ̥ͣҪĴʲô϶Ź磬ʲôϴģȥʲô֣
ǱһԬһûֱ͸ˣ˲ŷԸȫǻ˱ˡ
ҲֻԼӣںӵķݶԬӦòô˰ɣ
ȱ¹Ŀģǻˣһܸĸɣ
ԬƳһ磬Լü˳۵Ԭ˻ϲͼŮӡ
Ļ粻ɵһ㶣漴ò
ĸ׺ɩӹҡ
Щ⸱ģԬЦ󣬻ǹԲȣͲǵͶˣ浱ԬҵӶϵİػػشôЩأҪԼǾˣƫƫǣ
ҧ촽˵ȴ룬ԬԼƽﲻҲǴִŵģԼĸ״ߵĵĺͳʳǾţһë
뵽粻ĻصǵľһʳѣʲôҲûС
仰Ԭ˵һۣθһЩŭ㣬ھ˵仹ỹˣԺ󻹵ˣ
ϱңϱҲʵʵ˵Ų˵ĻϱԺҲôˣ
Ԭһŭ͹ˣ֮ǰǸģֱˣж˳ʵͺԬ˺޵ˡ
.

ʮ£

ߣҿҵĺܣΪԼҾͲô
ôˣȫվſʲô
ԬвĻﻹû˵㱻ԬϣӵԬ˵ıһĶ񶾵ģΪί˵㿴ȢĺӣҲ˵䣬Ȼһˣ
绹ͣһԵӱ͵ǰӣ˲˵䣬ֲ⣬οдȣ÷˵δе̫Թܽˣ
ϣĸƽʲôֲֻһЩˣ䣬ǻǸϽظɣô
εĿԬȴûεΪԼ˵ʲôģԬĸӶԼһȺѾӾȥֻһСѾվڷС
˶ˣСѾ̲סڵٷˣҲظɡ
˵СѾ߾ԲýˣǸңǺ˼ҵģֻ粻ԼҵݣСѾյģ˽һԼٷˡ
СѾߵĲ߽ţܵĽǰԬĸ׶˵̸Ц
޷ǾǽسôôˣеҲûʲôˣʱԬ˴벻ĿسһҸ̵ǧ
￩һ£ŵĿǰˣȻԬ˹仹һֱùһŻ
Ԭ˰ѻ񽻸ԬĻϲ˵ƼҵС㣬ĿƯҶ֪ôˣиҪδأ
缸룬ԬÿһŮӶҪԬһۣȻ̧Ȣؼҵ˼ֻԬӹŻȻҲõ⻭˵׶ֻ޲óȥѻ˺ˣԬ˵ץˣ
һ磬ڲУ̡
Ԭһۻ۾һҲûкܴӦЦ⻭ϿͦƯģĸôˡ
ڸռ滹᲻⻭һԬɾͲұ֤ˣϾ¶ҲûֹʹòǺܳʵŮӻ뻭߳ĻʦΪԼƻ
ȻøӿģԬСҲ˵ģ
ȻԬĸȴҡҡͷĵ˵⻭ϵģҲֻɫҿɼˣ˵ˣлǼ֪ˡ
.

ʮ£黨ǲ

ԬĸԼ黨ǲҲͰˣʱԼһЩŹŮԼӣ֪ԬƽΪĶΪϡ
ϲҲƸҲеڣһܰȥǳĵԬŪһ
˶ҪҲ̫ˣξÿ춼и˺ԼͬǿҵĶԱȣֻԬĸԬŮҲһֻ۱һֻˡ
Ԭֻ֤棬⸮ŶҲȽϷģԬĸܵľͲһˡ
Ҫ˵ԬɣָԼĸ׵Ļеˣֻǲ磬Ԭĸһֱ䳰ȷҲû˹ܣ
ôԬĸĻȢһԬĸϲĹԬٷˣԺԼĶӶԼֱ͸
绹֪£˵ô£һǺ֮ò
ڽĸӶ˲ƼǧˣһͬʱҲ¾ģһҪԬúô߷磬ҪȥǸС㣬һԬĸˣ
ȻԼĸ׵У̲ס̾һԼΨһСѾȥһܿҵסַСѾڰ˵ڸ
һ˸⣬ԼֱͦĸȥģҡҡͷͷΪѵ˵˰ɣſɲϲǣҾͲȥˣûͷ˰ͷϣ
էһ绹ͦжģû뵽ԼôΪԼǣֻΪ±֣̲ס̾˿˵û취ĸҲҵҲܲɣ
Ҫ˵Ҳ̫ˣǵĶˣôҲϱˣ׼ĸôôأ
ʮίҲﰵ̾⺢ǰܾü޽˼ҹӣ˭֪˼ҿأ
ˣ֪ҹ˵ʲôˣѾ˵ˣʵ㣬ҾͻȥһˣԺƣ㰲̥
ﻹôŮ֪ӶĴŪĺţǻȥһˣѸ˵Ķ˵һ°ɣ
ŮҲûãҹȰĺܣģȻؼˣĿţԼתˡ
.

ʮ£ʲ

һͿſڵԬˣֻЦ˵ϵģȥʲôˣò˻֣ӳǽɣ
ʱܲˣüͷЩҧгݵĻصˣոҸң˵仰ͻˣ
𣿡Ԭ˰Ŀתϣֻ˵ͷصطˣСֻһ˵Ӱȫ壬̫ڣվıȽԶ
Ԭ飬̬ʵǿ嵽ǲ㸸ףʲô֤ǳȥ㸸׵أ
⻹Ҫ֤űôŶϱϱڿɻԬĺأôܸ˲岻ģ
ʱƢҲˣԬԸ˵ʲô˵ȥɣǽ¹ԼףǾòԼġ
˭֪⺢ǲԬء
Ԭ˵ĿĶϣĮһУ޶˾ȫ䣬ѪҺˣ
ֻԬĸ˵Ҫ֪Ԭй֮׵ĿɲֻһŮˣǶûô׾ٵأ
类ŵʶסԼĶӣŭյ˵Ҷ췢ģӾԬģҪȻ׺䣬ȥӣⷬǸʲôӦ
ĻԬɫָһתߣҲȥˡ
ҲǺݺ˿üһոӾȻ뺦ĺӣ뵽㱻һ亹ҧţԼԲôԴˡ
ҪȻ䲻ʲô³ϾԬѾزˣΪĳԼδӶ֣
ʱͻȻ׹ֻԼ˶ӣԬҲϿԼ취ԬﲻôԴԼ
԰طԬɫƽƽʱûʲô֪ͬǸûаѸոյԬԼſںߣԼȾʲôġ
ʵľ縸Ԭĸ׾ͱȽ飬Ů˺Ԭװǰһ񶾵ģ޵ˣ
ãֻԬڣԶ֮أŮ˵Ķ˼ѾˣȻʣҲܹ粻ˣ
.

ʮ£ߵ

պ¼ǳ׽ɣͲһЩҾˣ˼ҽʦĹǮ֮׼ǰæ˺úóԶٷ
ҲȥԶĵط߲˺ͼѼ⣬˴Ｘպõɩӹ׼һٷʢͳ
ҶͦģСǱߵĳ̫СôˣȰѳĶᵽ¼ǱߣȻԺЩΰʴҴպųһٺ÷
ָʲôֽŮ˱¼ǱҪĶһ˰ȥˣСȻģŮǵĻЦϣ
һԺɹ̫ҲǣֻǮյĻţȻŪôЩ˳ԣ㣬ΪǮġ
λɩժϴˣȴȥһĴһĹŹ֮ɫ㣬Ҹոտʲôˣ
ĪǿˣЦſЦɩǸ֮ˣЦڱʲôġ
ֻҡҡͷһԵҿ㹫ˣǸսţҲ֪λǸɶ
Ҫżò˵ɶҲԱһǽȻܲˣܣ
˭֪أȥɣǹܲ˱ˡ
Ѿ˶ϾϵǴʱ˵ôôˣҲںС¡
ֻҪһϵûо͹ˣ
ӽͽ¼ҵĴȻżѼ͹ȥƬѼȥë࣬ʮָɾ
Ƭ̣￪ʼ¶ʮŨصζǴż˰ΰʰڷ룬ټԺӷΪߣһǵģһŮĵط
γæĴ֮˴峤Լλоү޶ԽԽҲǸˡ
ү֪Լ۹û⺢ʹĶŵģ̤ʵϸɣҲǼǳˣ
ÿλشкɶҲͷӣԼֲҩĶԿץҩ˾ûô󷽡
ֵĲˣҷһֻʮĮ˵Ȼͬܿ޽ǾЩ¸װɣ⼸Ѽʰһ£㾴ͿˣܿҲϲ̫ߵ
.

ʮ£

аҲˣͺ죡
һڴӦԱ͵Ǹ˻ˣǸŮ˽ţζһݣôܲء
ɰڴϣ͵˼̸ӵӶֻҪԹԵıԼ˵ȥɶùܣ
Լ飬ɵʱˣȻ˳ԷˣŵĲˡ
ƫƫɻ֪ô°ӣڴʱ̫٣Ƶ˰ٷһ룬Ҫسˣʱûлᡣ
ȴδ⸱˵ûԸ㣬˼ֻҪһҩֱɥȪˣ
ҲûʱѾʱ򵥵̸仰֮ҪϣҲûֻǳƣϵĿ̱֮ɫԡ
ôôҲǺ˽ģԼȫӶһˡ
ʮֲõĺôһ㣿ҪأеûУӱŪڶûأʳҲûˡ
ǰҪӿȴŮ˲岻ûҪӲܵڣҪ͸ô㣿
ȫ¾ô㡭ûĿͬʱĿſһۣûǺɫжѿ
ֻϣһΪͽ˼ǮŮҲأû뵽ǸǰûôţճӶֻһ㣿δҲ̫С˰ɣ
ֱû취ȥ
˵Լһ˴ˣ뻨ܿǮҲֻᱻ䳰ȷһ٣Ҳôˣ
ЩӣģܿﵹҲô̵ˣƽɻҲɣȴֳǰδеִ֣ܿš
ߺԼҲû˵ɿʲôˣʵֻһڰˣֵʱȴĳԷ
ųߣȴСżȻǱˣʱʱһϵ⣬϶ˣ¿ˮ̲ס촽ӣ
֪ЩǴǱģȴҲɹȥϯ¼ǱȥԶԶı㿴üӵķˡ
.

ʮһ£ϲ

ξǺȾµԶŵζˣζʵ̫ˣŶˣǸȻȥ
ͻȻһƣԼ·ûʰһ¾˼ſȥſڱ㺰𣿳һӣ
˵ʲôվ˵ʲô鰡˵ɡ
ʱԭֵĴҲ׷װǿոջؼֺܿ˵ǣһһİ֮ɫϵķ˶ˣ
ûȥԼ߽˵ǸͲҪˣҪϲ£ǹæʰ¶ʲôġ
ô˵۾Ƴ˼ҷϵĲȣ⻰ʱʮֵĲɣû뵽ƤôרŹ䷹Եģ
ԵĴ¿ӣǺʵɶϲ°Ҫʰ
˵ôҲ֪һʲô£
иԵֱԼ£䷹⣬ﻹװģ̾һ˵ǸǧģҪǸŮɽʵɾɣҲôˡ
Ǽ߰ĶҪʰһ£ӲЩ᲻ȥʰһ£˳źٻسǣ
ȻǸŮ˽ţ
Ĵһ¶飬Ͼɲ磬ɳӵˣ
ﵹʮȷϵĵͷĻҲ˵һҲʣǶƵĴ峤٩аСиȻȢҪǿ
˾ЦЦ˵˵иʵϻֳɶ˭֪ˣǿԸ񣬲ð˼ǸŮ˸۸ˡ
ĵҲûɶ˵ˣҲǴӦ߰㶫ʲôģ㵹ͦ뿴֣ŪϱᶷʲôϾһɽݶҲʹƳȥ
ﵹͦ¶㿴žͺó֮ĻɹðԸȴֱĴӸ꣬ٷǲˡ
굽ǽһ÷ƣûԹһϴ󲿷ֵĲȶһ˳ԵĲ࣬ʣµĶЩزˡ
һϵĸɫʱѿȫĻ˶Թ⣬һӴ￪ʼˣ
.

ʮ£ʹ

߲Ȼ죬һȥôûأȴС˵ȥң˵ﶼ֪ȥ䷹ˡ
ﲻ壬һȥͬʱӿŲϹȥĻӦûܳЩõģҪȻ˼ҳ궼ʰˣ
һ·СܹȥԺű㺰ôܵˣҺңզˣҶ÷ˣ
﷭˸ۣʱﻹԼͷĹ򷹲˾ˣ
ֻҲ䷹ԵİɣҲûޱɳ԰ɣѾԵĲ౥ˡ
ﲻ֪⻰һ˵ھ⵽ͬ˵ıӣôⶼˣȻ˵ֻǲ౥ˣզûƤأ
Ǻðɡ
ǿЦЦȴͬ˸һûҪת뿪˼Сϱٻȥо̫ãһԡ
ﻹ֪䣬ʢȴ²³Էùֻ˵һһ԰һˣ
Ҫ˵һ˲һأֱʤֻһĶЩСϱ˼ԵģǴ󲿷ֺóԵĶ䵽ˣ
ע⵽һպεҡҡͷϱ쵽زǶûгԹˣŻ˵̻ʡ
Ȼͨ˶ûϱôƴ
û취ȻѾǶˣٸϻȥҲ̫˵ȥֻôԣǹԻʣµĻһЩȥ
Ȼǳ֮㲢ûæʰʲôģԼȥæҲˣȥڸ²ϱ
һ˵ǸŮ˼޽£Ҳû죬ĬĬʣµʳﶼ취Ȼһһַͬĸˣ
⼸СϱӶܳ˵ʹðǽ춼ԹˣĶõģǶ಻˼
ѴõĲͬʱε˵ˣǾͲҪҿˣЩ˴أΪҲûԶ١
Щʣģһ˵ûȥأҺֳԲôܴ࣬ߵľʹһЩܱŻ˺ð
.

ʮ£̧

˵ݶϣҲʮֲ˼ˣĬĬĺãʣ²ٵ峤үڵλˡ
峤ȵеǴ峤ӵģûŮô͵ĲҲ˳ִˣүһЩ
ȴĲҪԼɶҲûǸɣЩҪ͸ǵˣһҪŴˡ
ôˣүһִϴүģ˵ӶϱܺãҲֻ̾һֶӻ粻ĺã
ʰʣˣһЩõ֮Ͱˣΰʳ˲ЪһΪ·ŸսãûУԷǷСϢ
￴ؼҲûæ飬·֮㻹˼ʦԼСҲΧǽŪ˸ʵľš
ǽǲ˼ľӣͲʹСˣһٶǲˬֻС
оôӣֵôڳǽ
ҹСϢо޲֮ǰҪůͶˣ̿ȥ紵
ƺȵҲ٣ûԱ˯ˣԼ˵ʣļʰһ¶˾ôЪϢˡ
ڶ˶ͦģΪ֮ǰæҩģһʱ͸ˣɶûУĥųȥһ棡
컹ûϴ֬Ĩ۵һû£ױ֮Ҫ٣ϼ·Ȼ緹ͿԳˡ
Ǻɲɵģĸ첲˵ˣҰæģ
Ҳ˼㴩ŴҪȥûκĵز˼ȥæȥıӰ˵˰æ̬𣿡
ôţǲǻҪҰ̧ȥ
ܴһ䣬Ȣܿ˵ͬˣﻹǶе㲻ģⲻͱˣ
Цһĸ첲ǵڣ˵ְɣΪڻĹǲûϵˣİ˰æ˵ֹ𣿡
ˣ㶫ֲʵҲˣɾֱ˵ҽЩС£
.

ʮ£ûһʡ

һ۾߿ˣֱ̬ر𣬲֪˻ΪںжƵˡ
ˣȥ棡ǣǱȥʵҲûɶطкģֻæôãò׵ÿһȥߣ
Ҳȥ̫Զĵط䣬þͻأ˲Сԣڵ緹ʱ
ڵϳԹ緹ٻصҾѾǰˣſʱŷҵͥԺʰĸɾһЩ
ſڻװξҲûˣ̲סҪ˵⶯İôͰλȢˣ˵׸𣿡
ʵڲͬ£ֲϷλ϶Ҫ׸ģͬˣĸ׸أ
Դ˵Ĳ֣Ǽʵ̫鷳ˣûһʡµġ
ҡҡͷóԿ״򿪼űˣŵڶֿټϽȷۣͦı˯ˣڶ컹ûˣ
һľԼԺ￴⸱ɵЩЦϾġϲӡѴųλɶʱɡ
ţвɩӹƪ˵ҲǵλȢأ˵һ죬۾ȴʱʱ⿴һ£
ûһңƽϵõĲŻȥʱţ̫̫վҳʵ檺ôҲǸϲ£Ƕӣôⶼû׼أ
ﴩűƽﻹҪƾɵİڳſڿŹĵﶼɶˣԣ̤Ŷõˣ
⻰ţ̫̫֪ﻹڻأʲôûУţ̫̫ҲԼð죬¶Ҳˡ
ܿģߵĶߵſڣһײɫո߶һ̧Ųĸš
ܿǵ͵˼ȢôҲҪϲ֣ǲţô̧ң
ԺλҲˣһ˫˫۾⣬ŸͷŸɾʮſ·ʱ׷׶̾
.

ʮ£ϲ

ϱðһ˲ŵӣ֮ǰõʱĶһѹ׸ҲҪһҪңҲԸ⣡
ͻȻеˣΪɶһҪˣ׿
ֻһԿţҲ˵ʲôӵſͣ£һСѾģĹܿϷ
һԻиýţøЩʲôȫأ
һ£̬ݵܿվǰ֬ˮۣǵûкѿһЩ
˸ûȣҲԼͱ֮Ĳ࣬ȭͷţ޲ȥ˺ܿ
ܿȸһҲû˼ңԼתͽԺӣʱý˹ܿ½˳̵°ˣȻҪ˼Ҿ裬һҪַϣŲ㹧
ܿüͷȻЩû˵ʲôһԺýŵĽ°أֻһˡ
ȻǷ޶԰ݣܿӹݹƲ豭˫ֵͬʱڵò裡
ӹ豭ܿһڣڴҶһʱͻȻͰѲˮȫµ˵ϣȻѲ豭ظԼֱߡ
Χ۵Ĵ̲ס˵͸˼һ˼Ұ׸һ
ɲǣǲ裬˼ҿŶˣãָˡ
ĨͣΪ˵ﰡݵʲô裬ôһɺɧζ
ܿɫҲǱ˵ܿɧ꣬׼ǳʱŲ豭ЦⱭ̫ûãеıζûϴɾɣˣ
ýҲһЦѽϲӣЩС۾ͱˡ
ˮһ¾ôȥˣ˰ϱʱˣýȴҸûиܿڳֻʱôһ
һ֪ɫֻʼһµģ˵ۼҾô䷿Ҳ֪ģҪܰϵСȥס
綼ѾˣͲܰķʰһ£
ԭѼ߰Ķʱѵķ䣬Ӳ˵ǼЩô죿õŵĶܾܲô˰ɣģµģ
.

ʮ£վ˵

ҪѪǰһ˳ӵģΪѧˣû뵽ȻôһⲻǸܿѿ
ƫɽǺܺãô䣬Ѳܿһֱվţ£
ʵûа취ܿ͵ɺķ䣬ȻһٰοһȻûκֿ꣬ȢܿҲûҪϯҳϯ˼
һҲ׷ɢȥҲ׼ؼҳ緹һɫŪҪѩ㻹֪ܻܲسأ
˶ɢˣɺɺ٣СѾߵĲ»˼ţʱҶЩĹͷһ۱㿴ǸڵŮˡ
ܿҲǵһ۾Ϳ磬ûʲôøУϾΪˣԼҵķݲŻᱻҵġ
ѽ磬ôôˡ
￴Ͻ߹ȥ£ЦŶԼĸ˵ⲻǼкҹո֣Уⲻס죡
ʵǵԬٶʲôв㵽밲̥ܱȺùԬĵĺãȻ֮ǰѾԬҪԬκι
ԬҲĵĸ籣֤ᣬԼԬﻹôһϯ֮صģҪȻôȥԼ߶
СѾʹ˸ɫŰСѾ߱ȥ緿Ѷ£ߵſڿĶСѾ˵ˣ
ǷʲôأϽҰѶŽȥʮֲõĶСѾ˵
ʱʮε˵ģⲻۼңӼ˲ϲҺúʰһԲٶҷ㷿ˡ
סĶɾô䣡ƢˣԬѹƢұݺݵܿһۣΪŮˣסûˡ
ʵȥſ˵˶Ժȥ׵ģҲ͵ߣҲˣ
˵ĵɣվ˵ۣžҪѩܻ򰡣
ͱһͦһӣΪŪ˭ģܿԱǿѹŭ
ܿҲ˲ȥ˵ˣӸö˰ɣȥѷ˶˹Ե㣬ɲܶҵıˣ
.

ʮ£ʵ

ܿҲˣ˵ЪţҲȥѷ˶
һʰԼ緹ͳ˵ӣͶˣʱҲˣͷԼĵ˳Ե
ǱǸʲôûһܿŮƹǽⷹ˻ö˵˼ǰſϳԣ
Ҫܿ˼ЦŴԲ˵ϾӽôԼȥ˷ԣۼֲϤ
Լɩһۣе⣬һֱάȥʱǲڱ۸
һĶܵγˮܿеʵôˣô˵ӡ
Ȼڿʮ꣬ܿûʵôͷ嶼еͿ˵ʵ
ôһ˵⣬ܿܲ˱ɶë治֪ôôȥġ
ܿɶҲû˵ʵ޷ݡ
ûܿʳʲô̲˹ŵܿǰޱ˵ƹ˵ˣȽԡ
ôܸ˲ˣνôҲһ󵽵Ķ˷԰
ò״ܰ鱾ѧĵŸ˭֪ﳯڰ֣һ˵һ仰ӡ
ܿһеˣܲԼ֪ҰˣһǷͷܿһ֪ôĸ죡
ЦһȲƹϴԵúãƽԵҲõĶȥС
֪ԼĸܿҲû˵ʲô͵˵ʲôأûͷ̲ҪǲԾ˵仰ǻŶء
ܿҲҲѱıһƬĸ첲˱ȥһվɶȥ
˵ǸɶȥȻǻϵļȥҲôӭǡ
˭ӭˡ㲻ߡֻǿܿ꾫ѣû˼
ӭܴһʼͶܿǸ̬ȣúõĲ˵ʲôˣ㶼˵ͬܿ޽ͲٶǸ̬ȡ
.

ʮ£ܻ

žΪ˴ǻˣԸҲ۸ô֪زˣ㲻ܿԵõģ
ĹվԼǰҲܲˣҪƿܿߣȴûƿ
ǿĵſھǲߣҲܴܲܿǽһʱ֮˾ͽſˡ
ۼҪ꣬˼һ±˵ҼҴҲǲԣҪҾţǿɾͻˣ
ӵȷ̫ùҧʵ˵ɣʲôɲ̫ˡ
ĵĿΪ˶һôҪҲûģպ㲻ܿ۸ҲʲôС檣ڼƽƽҪ֪ˣҾԻԶ߸߷ɡ
ôҪ۸أһܻˣ
ﷴʣҲûᶨ˵ܿŲֳû¸ɣô۸˵ˡ
⻰Իб壬˵ǳû¸ɣ۸˵ˣôܿģҲ֪˵Щʲôˡ
߳͵ҿҪ󲻹֣Ҳ±۸Ͷһ°ɣõӸֳ˰װ׿ЦأݰɣҪأ
ܿݸһЦҪҿŮкܵԸԼ۸ǿȫǶˡ
˵ľŮкܣ˵Ǿоøֻܿ˼ϾûʲôĻֻ˼ڿⲻ֪˼˶֡
̬ȺһЩĬϴӦҪŽȥˣܿҲںǼӣŪõĹԡ
һַΪ˵ҵһţ緹úóһٰɣﻹһôܳЩҪȾһˣ
ȵľܿ仰Ҳûʲôµ˰ѷ˶׼ãȻǺóԺúһ٣ﻹôעԼϯһֱ̻ʵġ
ܿ峤֣Ӵӵˣ峤ڵ֪˸Ůʱͦġ
ǵܿ˳ģҲû˵ʲôˣֻǶе䣬ԺúøܿദϾҶ֪ƢƷ̫ã
.

ʮ£˯һ

ܿ¾ʮּ򵥵ˣôһеϡǣٻôһܿҾȻҲûˣ˵ŮѾûʲôˡ
뵽ﲻЩеϧûˣպұ۸Ҳû
ȴΪܿҲ˵۸۸˵ģϾһŮ˼֧ɼ˻е㱾µġ
˵²һ벻׳ԿͶˣ
ǱĲᣬϾŮʵǲǰǾ
ܿﷵ˼У˼ûֿɿҲͷ׷ȥˣʵСׯ̫Ȥе紵ݶҶ֡
˭ҳ˰æȰȰʱûʲôԼõļ˲һǽʺһ㣬䶼õˣǰ˼Ȱˣ
صҲʼѼʰĶʰһҲ÷سˣȥ֮вء
ҲǺþûϢˣشʱ䣬سĴС鶼Լ϶ۻˣżٺúϢһ£
ʵҲûʲôҪʰģǰ·ֶãȻбӵǿ鲼ס´öǻҳ´λɾͲܸˡ
ξǳΪ֪Լ˶ã߲˶û̫࣬ýҲûʣʳʰɾͿˣ
ǰһЩŪ˼УԼɣ»عþ͹õģȥɶġ
ڵҲʼһ˳ĬԵİ緿ĶᵽԺܿʰһš
绹һ˵˵ҵķ䣬ôܸǸŮס
˵ȥû˵Ѿʹˣڿˡ
Ī˵ķҪܿס綼Ҫ˯˵ʲôһ˯ҲиӦʲôģʵϾܿһ˯
绹ûпǵСѾ˯Ļֻ֮ǰһһƱӣȥ˯һͰˣʱ䳤СѾ߶Ҫܲˣ
ܿɲɫж಻ˣ͸Լķʰһˣ޲̾͵ڴϢ
.

ٰʮ£ԾԾ

ҹĻ٣ܿıЪϢûԣǸ˵׼ͲԣҲǾͳڣ
״̵ǷˣǰЩ㲻Ƕ̻±˸ôˣûó԰ɣ
üȴҲû˵ʲôǽûʲôԲǺܶһ˵ô
Ҳһˣ˵׻ǽ߳īߺڣܿôһʱĸı仹Ǻܴġ
˵ԼĨϵˣԶҲ֪ϸˣ⵽װǻƣһҰũװʲôأ
ܿҹ͵͵˸ķ˹ȥŵȴȻоԼϱٶе֣ˡ
Ͼܿһڶûԣ˵ǲôܲأ
Ѿ˯ˣֻʣһ˾ŷֶؿշĸоܲԼɷԱߵȴŮˡ
ԼﷺֹѵԼɫ˥ˣ
ܿǾ¶ׯӣͻȻԾԾԣ뿴Լ֬ĨۺǲҲʮʮ꣬һİ﷭ҡ
ȻףѾЩǶԺӲ֮֬ˮˣѰҲҵһвֵġ
ҲǹִʵҲ֬ˮ۵ģŵĴ´Ȼ﷿ȥ
ƽһѵ֬ˮۣЩĺܣҲһֱûϸʵƽʱҲЩ
ϾͰ⣬ܿȴҪױ뷨ﻹϡǵãʱԼҲǸ˳޵˶ֻǺԿģϳˣ
ʱӾͲڴӦҲȥôűèȥɺ˯һ
Ҫ˲ԸԼЩ֬ˮۣоҪǲ˻ңһεĴ̫
Ůɶ˵˾ӺʹͭϣҪӣӶ٣ֲȴǰ
ĶôȥЩԼ֬ˮˣܿ׼Щ̲ͷ˷
.

ٰʮһ£

ĸҪ䵽ֶĵزˣһֱڽӼǣ˵ͷܶٶٳˣ
Ҳ֪Ǻʱ㣬ôһһŲĹ֬ˮǰ棬겻Ҳ֪ĺǲϵģĺϵġ
֮ƾԼֱһ֬۾ζѬסˣϾ³
ûдӿɹӣƽҲֻôһСӣȥ£
ﲻðŷȥõģֻԼϹͿĨһԼò࣬ܿģʵϡ
֬Ĩ𾢶ʱ򣬴ͻȻһƽը죬ԼһĨ´˶ûע⵽
˵Ĳף׾һʱûע⵽㣬ֻﱻѺ㿴ԼǰŰ£͵Ůˣ
һʶУй
һһҲȸոǵȥǰɸһ飬ûüȥǳҹʲô㱻һԵע
ʱɵͦţ˵ҲǱŵˣһһǣȻֱӴӴȥֱӲϡ
ȵ˶ϵʱŻɿһ⣬ôȵĵŵ
Ĳҽɲ֪Լµ˭ɫʱĺѿһƱ㿴һʹ֮ɫ
ɿϵ׷۵Ů˲ȷʵ𣿡
ﻹ˭ҷȻҿȥ
Լһʹ֮ɫ˵ɸϽȻһߵʵҹ˯ݸɶŵģҸողĶˣ
˰ɣ֪֪ۻģƽʱ᲻ãȻϷôࡣ
￴ϵİ׷̴֮ǵĨϸҪƵģ
ɷﲻ˵ĺǳˣڶ۳ɶˣ㻹ںԼǵʲôء
ո˵ļҽڶˣ㶼ֱһ±Ƶ֪ʲôͬסһµܿܲ˱ѡ
.

ٰʮ£С

ܿϼѾ͹ôһˣ綼ֱܵɵʱҲûʲô˼ɡ
Ҫ̫ңһʱ֮ŹôˣҲû̫࣬˵ſʷɶϾʱ·˯ʲôģ
ŵ׷۵ʱҵɫ˵ĹŹ֣ȫ֪ôȥڸɶ
ֻһõʵҹ˯Ǹʲôأ׵øʲôƵģŻ˭𣿡
ΪװŪɶŻܿʲôģɴ˿ɼҲûаӡˡ
Ů˽ŮˣܿһЦǽϲ֬ʲôĻֱƯš
͵ˣЩǹԼ·úϴϴɸɾƯҪǿ١
һձѵĵؾ㷭ĽѵǰԼնͷģصҳԸ˯Ҳ˲ô࣡
񿴵ȻҪú˵һҲûɶػҪϱǲ֪ÿ춼æʲôȻԼѶ˲ϴ
߾͸˵֪ʱôһ¸ɾŮˣô赽زܻôЩ̫ˡ
ǵúܾ֮ǰ·ϴģĳΪҪؼöɿڴˮϴ¡
ײӣֻҪôνˣϾһڷԣŸɵҲ֡
˿̵ڸо߷ĸо޲ھҸطȥȴǲĵĿһܿŮҲСˣ
ƾʲôܳ촩Ļ̣Ĩ֬ˮۣͲأ
νûжԱȾû˺˼ܿϴѣʱԼĶʧȥɫʣҪھȥð켸Ưѻ˳ܿķͷѹȥ
ͻȻãֻҪԼҲһ֪ĺÿһЩ˵׼Ҳûôϲܿˡ
ȻһȴǱȲܿģ˼ұ֪ٱûͳʧȥ˾Դ˼ܿûȴܿݹԼԴģ
ϣȻʹСѾߴҹİүйƣ߻ˡ
.

ٰʮ£ۻ

ڵĶС۵ܲһֱڰ˯ţ㷭ȥʵ̲ס´ôˣ
ȴСѾɡүңģҪͷүܹһˣʲôˣòƻͦʹġ
룬ݽӸԼͷϣΪ֪ǲͣˣϾүκ˻ǼҲֹۣ
ֻܰѶ䶼סȻŻоСһЩҪ·Ҳûֳܸɶӵߡ
ڶ峿ʱѾûﳳֵѣĴ·ë緹ԱҪسˣ
Ű߳ţȻѼԶѾվģƾ֪Ҫسˣԭĵĺӻ߸˶͡
ξ׵ˣҪ˵ҲϡģǶڴǲ˷ʲôģǸʲôõ׽¡
ֻЦЦʵҲܲǺѼ䣬ӱ޸ϻسǣ
¹꣬Ӻ䣬û̫ܿҪܿЩٶһȽϺá
ڻһƥּ䴩һµķ򸾣ĺ棬СﵹҲôᱻţ
سǵʱѾˣҲûؼңֱȥ￴ûʲô£ʱЪһ
ԼŰӳԣ緹İӶû¾˵ϣǻˣΪǻٹܻأ
˿ɲͻˣЩۻ˰ɣûʲôɣ
ֱܵ̿Զ¿֣ԼȺһ˱ȥգ΢΢ˡ
ĽİӣԼظԺ˵ʲô£еæˣˣҼҩأ
ӰǮó͵УųǮʱֵͶϲ£ˣ·ôͶҲƣˡ
ǵҩĻ治٣û緹ɣвٰҷأҸȥ
.

ٰʮ£ο

һ͸˺üƤڶİӹöˣҲܲˣӳ
Ȼڶˣɢɢ˹ӣеسľ˰ӴؼҳԣԶһĲŻڵߣ
һŵҲûʲô£ҲûżؼңӱŻһæԽԽȻƮѩûѩȻԽԽ
ϵҸϵˣٻӣҲٰȥԼҲûðѩ
ʱȥζͲãǲͰ׷ôⶼҪˣҲǲټǮˣ뻢ﶼۣ
ۿϵѩǲһˣϼûˣӦҲˣҪʹȣҲԶϢ졣
԰ѩôٲ߹ԽԽͲ·ˣ
ƮŵĶëѩӣ档
ȻһЩ˵ӣǻһأϲлӶѧõȥأϢ飡
ǻʲôŴȥӺӡ㵱ϣϰͻɡѵŸˡ
Ƿؼ˳·ϲӻǿѧõһߣ˺ӻߣϵɡܵסѩǵסϴһŻ̲ס˸
˸ϵѧõʱĺƺˣټѧֻнͻСξǿǵķӣȻ󣬵ǶԺȴܴơ
ͻӵȵļ˻οǣϷӻ˵ӰС˶Ŀ
̫ûĽ˳ȥӳԼʱоһůˤǸϽǰӭ
һһֱ˵ĻϲӾ͵ˣƵߵԼĸԱߣ
߲ٵĶӻװֵ˵Сӣô˻㣬ɶʱܴŵܵһؼңҲأ
ѩأûɡܲðŴѩ߻ȥɣҲͲ˵ʲôˣϲһŮӣܵһô죡
.

ٰʮ£ݽ

һԼĸףֻʵ̲סЦһ£Ȼּװʹĵ˵аɫĳСӣôͲҲᶳء
˵ﻢһ£漴ĵ˵ŮôܻضԲԣٺ٣
ò˵ƨûãǸˣײģǵڶģһӣ׶ء
߻ӺĬֵĲˣһҲеĲУʵǱȽϳʱûˡ
һؿӣͻȻо˲٣ϲĸ첲˱ȣЦ˵ϲкúóԷӳأ
ϲǱһ㣬ҲģСŮкʱβ̫һܱҪʮҲŻǸͷ
ϲЦԼɼһСѣ౦ͷ˵ˣǻؼɣ⻹Ŵѩأ
һ˸˹ͷԼһʲôУȥϷӵлллտϲǣϷЦЦҲû˵ʲô
ֻϽźӻؼңźˣ
źӻصңӵһʱ˱ůͣεЦЦԼתȥ̿˳Ѵغá
Ƿؼʱ䷿ȫǽģż͸͸ûغã࣬ܲ
صҲûʲôֻӸʱ䶼ѧʲô񱦶ʫϲûôߵ
ʼϲѧϰôʱչʾԼѧ鷨ԼԼĥ״ʫֽϵľͻȻԺУ
ȻԼӾǰѧϰҪݽϣ˼˵ԹɺñҶȻů׸óԵġ
ƽûʲôʱ䣬ýѩһ㲻ʲô飬źúýһٺóԵģƺҲҪ
Ҫ֮ʲôҲȱǵģֻķıǼźõð죬Ȼʲôȱˣȱ顣
òʱˣӾ͸ţƤһˣĶǸĶ˵ˣʵ䣬ƽǴ·Ҳ٣
.

ٰʮ£

ӺĻ붬ôˣû
ѩҵСԺȴֵĽԼĻЦϣѩ䣬ɴǰ⽳ԡ
ȻûʲôĲ࣬ʤˣû˻⽰
ںǻͦԵģһĿȺĳһٱϾ˯ϲҲҪĸһ˯Ǳͷ˵þûһ˯ˣ컹ô䣬Ǳһ˯Ҳůͣ
㵹ûʲôֻԼµĴҪȻĶݵ˯м䡣
˯ǰϲͷãû뵽ȫ̿ţȺǵͷ֮ҲҪĴ
ֻÿЦãô˾ȻҪԼָͷ㻹Ƕְˣ͵ǿûԼᷢٵķݶϡ
ȻϲͱͶЦ˿Сֹô˻Ҫװͷ
Լȭͷ׶˵ôͷϻ׸ģ𣿡
ǲС
ҲҪ׸ͷҪֺƯģ
ϲˣҪæͷһۣһ˵ʲô
ҹʱ֣˴޵Ľ˯£ҲƣˣԽмĺһ𣬾ô磡
ʱ˿̣ɽûôˣʹ޷ߣܲһֱɣ
￪ʼˣֻҪǼһ˯ţͿʼۣɤӸҪˮɺ׹Ů׶֮һ⡣
ڵĶûˣƤһֱסϣԴҲһһģģͼװһ
ʵܲ˱˵ܱܲһֱˣԼ˯ŻñҲϢ᣿ѴҶȻԼȥˮʲô𣿡
вУԼ۵ܲˣô˵ˮҩʹأǶв˯
ڳܵʱƵǲСһֱӴʹʱһš
ƫƫһʮĮ˵㻹ֱˣҪԼвһȥ͵Ķ䵽ز𣿡
.

ٰʮ£

ĮͻȻǰ˱ĺİͺòģȴǱһһ
һж̵ܿͷϣûǸŮڿ϶ԹΨǴӵģʱʶԼǰжã
ֱӾ룬ҪܿԼǰĺӣȻִ뵽ܿһЩͬ㣬ǶŮˣŻġ
ô˵ʵҲʲôɽƱ磬ֹֻ˵Сֵġ
۵Ҳû˯⣬ʱǰ˻˿ʱ˯ʵĴ˳ԭλϡ
Ҳʲʣûкõ㣬ǽϱ۾˯˯
һĸݵܿ˯žΪʵ˰ͷ˯ˡ
ڶһ磬ܿʰҪϣԵе㲻ˣɫҲȽ㲣ʶΪ²ˣԱһϡ
֪˾ͲԸˣͷµ˵òߵǸȥ
ϻзأһֱţҪȻǷݵ˭أڼҺú˰ɣٻ㡣
ܿ䣬ûʮºòˣɴҲ𾭳ˣҪ֪ܿԼ黹û˹ܣȻָԼźأ
㲻ҪźôСԺסҲر𲻷㰡ܿԼһסһԺסߣͻȻֻǺܲӦġ
еһҪú˯˲ǰˣشŵܿ˯ֻȻסȥ
еˣҲûֻܿʵܿ£ȥɶ
ô࣬ܿһôæĹҵȻҪȥæ
ԼһôҲˣôͲأ¶Ҫܣ
ܿʲôòңǼ޸ôʲôģԼһ˹𣿡
һܿⷬҪҪˣ뷨ֱɥżʽЩ˵ĿģҪ˶ô˼룬Ů˶Ҹģ
ͦ˵͹ˣ²㶼չ𣿡
.

ٰʮ£Լˤ

Ҳûһ۱νĻصɿɶǰأٲûչ㣬ܿȴûʲôҵøһˡ
ӹǱͲãչõˣ绹Ŷӣ಻۾ϹͲչˣ
˵ʱǶĲϱˣĶԴģôԵǿ
ܲ˵˵㲻²˴Ҫ˺ˮ˶˵ǰֲ鷳ˣôչ˲ˣ
ˣ㻹ôֺʲôҲôʱܳˣôңҲ֪ǲҶӡ
Ҳ֪ôˣͻȻ˵ֻɵı⼸仰صҳƬԭز֪˵Щʲôá
üͷ˵ô˵ֻôͱˣ
ܿŮ˰ˣ
Ļû˵ڣԼ͵ð򣬱ϾѾ֮ǰһˡ
˵Ĳʵ֮ǰæ׬ңȴ˽̵ǣ
ʱֵһ׵ˣʵܲ˱ߴٵˣҪ߸Ͻİɣ˵ǲ˵⿪ʼ㻹˵ûˡ
˵ҲΪ룬ϾǸ˱ô˵ﶼġ
ȵľ仰ûڣܿȥ⻹вٻѩûɨѩҲˣû˸ȥ׷ǣ
سǡ
ѩͣĵڶͻͺȥѧãΪ·Գͦ磬·ߵıȽЩһСˤˡ
ûǮʲôʲôҩϽȥ𵢸ǵ⡣
һڽţȴһעתȥŷһѮϴү˴ҩ˳
Ҳ֪һѣѩ̫Լûվȣϴүֱˤڵͻ̹ȥǷʲô顣
ӻн˼Ҹǰæʵô£ôΪɶƵڵأ
Լˤģɲܹǡ
Լûҩһֱҩ̲ߣǲŰġ
үѩϴ˵ֻ˷纮ץҩû뵽ҩǮôҰԼĹײıóˣǻ˵ҿǲͷӰɣ
.

ٰʮ£¢

ε˵ⲻǵͺȥѧҪʲô¶ûȻְүӿһ塣
˻ĻҲǣЩҩΪʲôҰѼǮôߣ
޷ǾǸջĲƴ֣¢سеҽҩ̣ЩǸ򹤵ģҩǮôߣسǵİҲûĵطֻܴҩ
ôǲֻҪһڻӵҽݳ֣ҩǮǸҩ̵ͣЩջ᲻ᶼǸڻӵҽݾ
뵽ͻȻٿҽݣΪ׬ӾΪسЩҲÿҪȻܻΪҩǮǶϧ
ص̰һ£ﵱʾͬ⣬˼һʾҲûʲô⡣
Ȼûʲô⣬ô˵ɾ͸ɣͿʼ׼ȾǸ棬ɴཻȥ죬ܲʵݾͲá
ڶҩĵ飬ϺõĲ˵Ǳ߻вΪ಻Ѷŵҩģ˳Ĳ֮ҩЧûκġ
׼Щҩ˹Լҽʹãô߾͵ȫˣسҩ̫һ¸Ҳߵģ
ҲԼһչ˰̻̫ʲôˣȫ֧سǿҽݣȻҽҩҲûȥֱӹŴ󼪡
ξǻҽʵеţԼչĸãҲǸŮɣ
Ľڰ̲ԶҵӣԭǸׯҽݵĻҪȰİ²һ£ǵ̵˵Ҫҽʱǿɵһ
ʮֺĵĸسҽѾϰ¢ˣһҽݿ϶Ὺģ汾£ԼҽҲѣ
ֵĺܵԼȰ˵˼ƹֻգҾԼѾȥˣպҵģҲۡ
ϵʱⲼׯȿһۣطͦģһԺʰһ¾סˣпھܹˮ
һȦ㻹ͦģ͵ͷѰ²óҽģȻѴЩҩĶ˹һЩͲܿˣ
ڴһүЩҩģʵڲ٣һҲò˶٣ʱ䳤ò꣬ûеõõĴĻҪõˣ
.

پʮ£

ǲþÿϧˣطˡ
ҲĹĲׯҩ̵ĸ֣һѴЩҩĸ˲ٹ㵹ҲǻϱҲӱҩļ۸ǳҩġ
֮ԼﻹȱʲôҩĲʹӱҪǻǱҪָܼˣȴʲôû˵ֻĬĬ֧㡣
Ȼһж׼ٽˣҲûбҪһҪúùٰҽݸ
ǵϼ飬Ҳһʱͬˣʵ۰Ͱ͵Ŀꡣ
ԼҲԼҽǿʱûʲôйˣԻ㺢ɷˡ
۳žͼĹ͹꣬سǵĽϹҲһһŨʼ˺Ҳʼæµ
޶˴źӱֱ߰ѷӸɨһ£ȻѸϴ·ʲôĶϴɾ֮ǰѸڴһǰ꣬Ȼҹеꡣ
ǰѼССʰ꣬㿪ʼˣȻ˵һĿҲԲ˶٣ĸʱܰˣ
Ҳ˵ӣźȥ棬һЩڻ棬ڼ亢Ҳȥѧ飬Ǹ˼ʱꡣ
ǻӾͽˣÿ춼ϲ棬ʱżСһǴѧĺӣ㻹֪к
СС;һģˣҲģԼĵĸȻǳԣԼһ߿ʫд֡
ȻʫǺܼ򵥵ģԼʫѾܲˣϲһֵֺòٺӿޣӽĺǢҲǺܸ˵ģ
ʮҪҹǸвסģϻҪȥ棬ҲǸţϲűȥϻˡ
ڼס˻治٣ϻвС̷ԹĶЩСʳҲûʲôȤˣ
һĿڽ˻һңһ˵һģСĸ賿ŻȥҲжˡ
ڶ㻹ûӵˣȻԼ·׼ȥѧøķǰȥ
ǲȥ˭Ұ꣬ѺӸʰãȻ˵ӣúӳԹ緹ȥ
.

پʮһ£

߷Ÿճ֮ǰͽһĺǱ˹һСһǰȥѧøǰ꣬ûٸˡ
ŻȥѺ˯û뵽»ˣ׼˯һ㻹һȡЦ˼ң˻˼˯
ãһ㻹˯ʲôȥ˺裬ǵûﻹͦһڵġ
ԼĺĬĬ£һȲЦˣǴĺˣģһðһеĻţѰ˼Źһ
ŶԼüŪ۵Ļ̲סЦĻصΪҲҪȥ˯о˯ʵⲻ
ԼĲǰһݣƤЦ˵ȵͲˣ㡣
Ҳûǲ裬û䣬ȴ˵ŶİҪȥ䣿ûǴĻѴü˰ɣȥðһ
Ҳûʲô£кһŻȥˡ
˼ſϵԼȫ˱÷ĴˣԴӴ֮Ҳûʹ÷û
ô˸ˣһ͵һ¶ͷһԵĻһһĿʵɶͻȻôԼһ
û£·򲻳ˣȥĸװ꣬Լȹɣҹȥһۡ
ЩҲûڶ÷Ϣ㻹е뿴ȥһȥ
ǼȻȥ꣬ȥ϶ã˲ٶȥŵʱС˿ֱӷˣһŶ
СĶʵôүûһأôЩСŶͦأһ·϶ۻ˰ɣ
аɣǷɻã춼æʲôأǰȥ˱ĵطҲŸջ
÷ԺȥС죬·һЩѾߣǶĸк
ֻС˻صæأүӹһֱãе鶼ǷģҲûô߹䣬һֱڸźү
ͷҲûһĻ÷æµǳϣ岻иܹµ⡣
.

پʮ£̥

ô˵Ҳֵ÷һŮȥЩ飬⸮ʲôҪɣϾ÷ҲҵŮˣ
ߵʱ򿴵÷ϲ鿴һ˲Сǰ˱ˡ
÷ЦŶ˵ôľ͹ˣ滹ͦأЩ֣һ·߹˰ɣôֻһأ
֮ǰ˵ݲ룬ֻһ˹÷ûͦϡġ
Ҳ̿¯£ȻȻ˵мҪǸȥģҪȥˣҾŶԼˣ
÷Ҳû룬ֻеʵŶǰʱϼǱۻ˰ɣҲ׬ӣԼҪģ
˵ӣûҲû֮ǰֲǷԶ÷ĹҲյȫգҶ̬Ҳ˼֡
Ŷ÷Цҿʱ仯ô󰡣Ҳڵʱзʲô𣿡
ܸоǰĶ÷һִݵĸо˵ͦжȵģձȥǶʱ̫ˡ
̥һ㣡
Ļ÷ݸһЦ⸮ź壬ʲôģĺˣͦõġ
ĸŮ˺ð죬÷ڻһʮֿĸоʱѧ˲ٶҲı˲١
ͦϲں˵Ķ÷ģҲǿһЩɣ˵вĵĻԺʿɶֹתƵϣ
ڸദҲ˲١
Ͷ÷Եİ˸꣬˳㿴һɫⲻ󣬾۹Ⱦһʱá
緹ҲûԱҴˣ÷ͦôߵģȴ˵ԺԳ˵ݶ˶÷Ҳûж˵ʲôˣ
ҳԼңŷ˺Ǻܻڼҵȥ緹ء
̤ԼԺŵ˽Ӻͷ˵ζ˶ٷʢͣϲӰˣ㳯˹
ţϲĺҪʲôԼ򣬵ǲҪȥɻŶ
ԼϵֱϲͶ÷ģҲȱǺĶӣԱ㷢ϲ
.

پʮ£ͷԷ

ƱϲҲûֵĺܿĻǾϲֻϲϲ̵źĸ׵һθѹǮϲ᲻ûأ
ôһ˵ҲеĺʱЦˣϲСЦۣϲʹԺϲóױ
ǱǲҲܴŵԺȢϱЦžһ̲סЦ٣һû˵Լ뷨𣿡
˱ˣϲŶͿʼ׼ױƸˣ
Ц߳εҡҡͷϲһ§סĸ첲̵˵ǣϲŲҪˣϲҪһء
ҲǲȢϱˣҿ˼ҶϱŹϵǺܺŶҿɲײˣ
ϲһһ͵ģеΣӲŶ󰡣ô֪ôˣЩĻСｲжЦˡ
ĸһȻݳԷٷȷǺܷʢ㿴ϵļѼⲻʵôԵģĸܳ𣿡
ǺֱܹĻصȻǳԺõģҲôһ٣úóԾˣҪôࡣ
ȻҲͲ˵ʲôˣǰʼԷһԹʢɿڵһٷˡ
ǰҲںôˣҳԵҲЩȥʱ򲢲ԷģԻǾǰٱȽϺóԣ
һ緹ǰͽԵĺܱϵĲоֻԼյģٷʢķճˡ
ֺú죬Ҫʽҽݸˣ˼ģƤ߹Լϣ
Ǹͷ棬سҲûϵóˣ֮ǰǵĻӣҪڲĿʾˡ
ҽҪǿǺͻӵĹϵͱһǺϻˣһǶˣֻһ»µҽҩ̡
ϣҩļ۸ҪôߣǻѹϵֽϾǵҩĻҪЩء
ҪȻֵҩȥǳףʱôɲ룬ֻôģ
̿ŵʱֱſڰ˸̯Ӹ˿ѵеͷȵİһ㶼Χˡ
.

پʮ£

ʱæȿˮĹûУһЩСðյģǰЩѩˤ첲İգûôӵҽ￴ץҩ
ϵĲϵھѾˣ㲻䷳ĸһҩҸҩѵģҪˡ
ǲܹЧҩ϶̫ӣҽҩҪ۲ߵܿڳķз
ٵǰС̯ΧˮйͨҶѾһ״̬߼ԴҲҪǰǰץҩ
ûñ㴫˻ӵĶʱ˶˶ͶιˮҲû̫ϣֻ˵˰ߣ̯Ӽǰžˣ
ȰֱӰ̯ˣҽֱҵˡ
ץҩʱмŹ׳ҡڵ˹ٰռζ׷ɢȥǺĵĿʼȰϽܡ
Ҳϵ˹ҳӣֻСһŲǰϣһ˵Сӣ밤Լ̯ˣȻү̸ˣ
ǰ̯ʲôװʲôúˣҺû˵⣬ҪʶȤԼϽȻүүҵҽݡ
ɵĿǰ׳˵һ治ᣬǸұһ£
ӵʹһֶβű
٣治ǵˣֵǸѵơ
Ϊ׵׳һŹӱڳǶʼᱻֱõͷϣ
ǾڹӾͷ׵ʱһֻĴֱסӣʱǱеĹӲ°㡣
ϸȥֻһòͨ߬ס˹ӣһֱػ
ѹӴгֺû취ѹӴó
ſòıܻĳŭȻͻȻָɿȴһЩˤ
һĻЩҲˣ뿴ܴܲ⼸ԣֱӶͷָı˵ǴĶܳģ֪֪˭Ȼֹǰ£
붯һأ
.

پʮ£

ǰ˵ôһ仰Ȼ˵ݶǼҲȺ֮ùָ
ҲǳصģԺüҲţһֱ֮еĳԸǡ
ϣ˭أ
űĹӴڶͷӵϣʱһҶһ䣬򵽶ͷӵģȴڱͷϡ
Դ˱ʾίȴʲô˵ΪԼϴ׶Ҫ֪ǲ˰ѵӵġ
ü׳ŹӸ򣬽Ƿֺܺãһ书ֵļӸУͷ֪ԼѿеĹͷˣ
ֻ׼һ仰书ٸҲ²˵Լĵӣ˹סֱ۵ʱͱһ
ʱһԿŵˣһʯͷϺݺݵȥͷֻоһϸһ¾ʹеĵҲûȣֱӶһڵϡ
Ҳֱӷ˹Ҳ֪жȻЩùĶԶȥȥ͸˶ͷһţ
ͷϵۻû긹һҵʹһŰ඼߻һ
ϴ󶼿챻˴ˣЩСĶ˼ܣȫܹȥѶͷӴӵϷҲٶôԼˣ
ʱȫһҵĺ֣Ҫ֪һƽûڸˡ
㳯ͶȥһЦݣȻˣûˣҼɣֻһ죬ץʱˣ
ԭ·İȫһѷҩΧ˻ֱæڲŵÿա
ߣͷӽľ֮ҲüͷرǿƽŹߵĶͷӱ⸱ģʱǾѰ졣
취ҲûУҪһЩȨ¶֮Ӷ˷Ըȥ׼һǧȻ󱸺Ҫȥعٴһˡ
ҡ
æµһؼұֱ̱˴ϣϵߺЬӶѱ˯ˣЬӰ߸Ǻõıӣ
Ķͷһǣʹ˯ĸȡ
ڶ죬һվǺһ֮ǰԼҽݣŸյҽſڱѾвˡ
.

پʮ£Ĵ

ǰץҩİǼ˵ҩʹǲֻһоöˣٸץЩյҩɣ
˵Ұȴ򿪣ǽȥ˵ͷʵ̫ˡ
öԼſڵ߿һǻ鲻䣬Լһ·߹紵е㷢ˣ
ݱ㿪ʼץҩǰ̿¯ϣᶳţٶò˸пǿǴˣô̿գҲůһ¡
ǣҪǼעҲţǵĲҲȽϺã
ͷץҩ֮ݸһֱһ磬ûӵ£ֻǴԼʵǸմҩǶ٣
ЩһǮӱ㹻ˣۿɲسǺĵĴ򣡡
ᵽӻһŵģҩǮ𣬲˵۸ʱʱˣæͳӽ㡣
֮ǰʮָжظ˵մǺˣǲ۰ǳǸ߼۵ҩǮβɸβץҩ
֮һûţ쵹ʲôӶû·Ѿǣˣ
һ֣ͦôһҲżûܱǿæڷܹŻؼˡ
ֿҪʮʱˣͱȽȴע⵽ԼӰӺ滹¹Ӱ
һۣ֪˸ǣǱڽֵȥ˳ˤ˸ǵˣ
صʱܲĿʵˣΪʲôʰһأȻҸǡ
ЬڴϺƣ˵ˣ˿ץҩһҲͦ۵ˣûҪΪϺзԼоƣˤ˾ͺãƾ뿴ʲôͷס
պŻؼҶСһˣǸϰ֪ҽݹԣ
ͷʾԼ֪ˣһҲ˵Ȼÿ˿ץҩǱİӿģ˿̫ࡣ
ʵ̫ˣӦҲһ󣬵ѳаǵĲεĲӦþͻˡ
ע⵽ЩյҲûʲôΣĴ˳֣඼Щѩ·ˤŵģȫֻ˵һƤˡ
.

پʮ£

ֻЩ˴󲡣˵ûмʱõľξѾ˵ģϾµ˶ûʲôҽĿԣ
һþ˯յԼҽݾͱһӹٱΧסֻΪ׵Ĺٱ߹˵ӹҽ֪
֪С˺֮Уֱ˵
㿴һۣҲһͷˮӣ֪ĶˣôĹٱ
ֳִֻ󵶵Ĺٱ˵Ǵ˵СӲϵŮ˸ҩû뵽С檳˾йġ
ɼҩë˸ԲãȻ˹Ȼ󵨵ֱǲ֪
ٱҽҩĸѳ٣ר಻õõǰٱͷӰҩǰһӣǳֶҲץ˳ԣ
λˣҲʲôҲһأҽ˿ɶǳҩĵģǲûкϵĲ֢кתļ
ôعٴ˵ҳ֮ᷢأʵ̫ˣСʵڼǲǲǸһŮҪ»찡
;ôе˵ȥ©ֱ̫ˣһعٴ˵ңôҲ䵽ҪѾԼõͼ۵ҩȥ԰ɣ
ҩûʲô⣬һۣ˶ֻ֪¸ǻѲ˸ϵ
ֻٱͷʮֱ˵˼˵ǻˣǼٴһȥˡ
ٱͷӶԼԱߵĹٱʹ˸ɫ̾йٱĶǽȥǸعٴ˵ٿһ¡
ֱӶȻȥ죡
ԸùٱԼϵģٱͷһ˵ˣʲôᣬ˸ǵʱɺã
ٱͷӶٺһЦ͵ŵеӿڵа˶£λ׻ᣬҾ͸һʱ䣬
ʱôȥ࣬оǱܣҪȻץɾ͸ˣ
ӵǹٱûŰߣʱȴĸٱҽ⣬߹ͱǸߣ
Щץҩ˸û취㻹ʲô׵ģֻǸɣҽݲĿġ
.

پʮ£

ʱҽڻмûߣߵǰֹմҪǲִͰҽݹ˰ɣȻԺֿˣôǰȫġ
ǣعٴ˸ЩҽݵĶңǸջǮ˹ϵܽ⣬϶׷Źģ
˵֮ǰ˳ǸϰĴǱٱץߣȻĥŻǰҽݹˣԺҲسǿҽݣ֮ǰٴ򶼱Ǹˡ
ͦĵķݶϴһ˹飬ʱҲǶԻ˸ʶԭعٴ˹ϵѹسǸзһҲû˹ܣ
ôǸôأسĪعٴˣһѣ˭ȥѹعһͷء
ǻ˵ݶˣҲɵǺǵȥʲôνˣ˾عٴ˰Żسҵҽݣ
㻹ü֣֪ôعٷŹǵҽݣʱ仹޵ģ֮벻취ɾҪٱˡ
ʱڹٱ϶ֲ˾ˣڶĪеģΪľǰߣԵͷȻҽݹˡ
˵Ҳ򵥣ֻҪҽһأٱһô¾ôȥˣ˼Ҳׯˣô󹦷ҽݿ
ڰ;ô˵ȥô͵ѰҰ취ҽﻹвˣļ˵½죬㰲ȸһҩץ˰ɣҲؼȥ
㵹Ҳ򶨣ҩĸڳһץͿʼˣҩĵǶͦҽݵġ
ɵúȰοմ򰡣ʵڲͰҽݹ˰ɣعٴӲӲֻ²عٴ˵Ķ֡
һһͷʾԼ֪ˣǲǷĵˣüֶһݣҽһأֵԾ޶ҩĵҽˡ
ſĸٱصԵʣǼ֮ҽݾҲûп˽һģʵôһҲżӣͲұץߣ
Ҳǰץߵģ
һһ˵·һȵĻ𣬿иеһů
Ц˵Ѿа취㶨ˣȻҿɾͲˣóúЪһЪ
.

پʮ£׹

ҹ
§ұĹԼĺӣȴܼĵżæŵ˵үعٴͻȻãʱڻүأȥưɡ
Ƴһ۹ܼңΪܵ˵ʲôعٴ϶ǹҺȾƵģԸ׼Ʋȥɣ
ܼվԭؾþûжӼֻˣȥ£
ǰүūعٴ˸֮ǰܲһһǧùˣǼ˼
ǿعٴӹܼҲž֣ӵû룬ֻѵӲͷعϹҧ
ô˵ѻ欵Ů˸ƵһߣԼȥʱٷع϶ǽٺ֮ɫ
ӵһعٱ˵ϵܰҰֻǸ첻ˣҸ˻ұ˰鷳ɣ
ѽ˵ʹˣôͲܸҰأզˣ
һҲǸоعٴ˵ĲԾֻعٴ˱˵֮ĪһССع㲻ʲô
ô˵ĲԾʲôˣɷҽһ£˵ܰﵽء
ӸعٴһһֵܵģϵõĲˣǽعٴеģⲻûӸеʮֺ棬⵽ʲô̼ˣ
Ҿʵ˵˰ɣسǹȻҽݸŸɵλԲǵģҶȥǣɴñҲٵ˼Ұɣͷס
عٴ˺ѻӣ⻹ǿֵķݶſ˵ģһҪܵġ
ֻһãʵʲôͷô˵ԴͿѲǡ
׹ݣ
ֻعٴ˳ӵͷ˶Ҳû˵ʲôôҲ벻ԼСسҲִ֡
عٴ˳Ҳûǿ˼£عٴһ߻ӿʼ㶯ˣҲԼҩһⶼûаɣ
ôȥñ⵰ģûİ취Ͼعٴ˿سĴˣҽλûɵˡ
.

߰£Է

ȻӲĲˣӱܸܲùϵϾ϶ͨˣعٴ˶ˣպҪǳʲô»ܿǶ˳أ
뵽ӱĥŻͷҸʱ뵽⸮Сһȣ˶һʲô黹̸
߻žԼС̣һ߿ŻŵҩԼǱʾܾȣλʲôȻڻӵĵ϶ŷ翪ҽݻʲô¶ûУ
ҽһţյڶյʺ򣬲ֻ˵Լʲô¶ûУǸٱҴˣعٴ˼ȱǵץҩԡ
ô⿪ˣʲô鶼ûˣ֮Ҳһعٺ㣬ûе֪λԶȥعٴˡ
عٲҪǺͻ֮Ķعٴ˲ǲҽˣİӶ˸ˡ
ҺнԶ壬ҪȻܾҪץˣҲԻ˽Ĳ࣬عٴ㶼
ҽվɿ㶼׼չؼ˵ȴ߽ӣץҩģֿտҲҳӵġ
ֻеһ˼ʮֿĿڵλǴմɣǼү˵֮ύѣڸΪϯչܹһȥ
ү˭
Ҳû˵ȥǲȥſڱǰ˵˭ֻһ˵үǳҩ̻ۣع˵Ҽүˡ
Ŷϻûأôǰȥ磡
ЦЦ۾ʱʱǱ߿ȥ뿴ȥǲȥǲġ
ȻǱߵȴʲôӦûУΪǶȥѡȨУҪȥ϶Ҳһȥ
ǻӵƣҪǲȥ͸ʡ£ֱӴϱؼ˯Ҳͦá
ԼæΪڣֱӾ˵⣬ǿ˹ͷûֻܸ꣬ȥˡ
Ҹүֲ죬ƽ޹ʵҳԷɶҲżһֳͷһָֻ棡
.

߰һ£һ˲

˵ݶˣҲ׹һмֳ˵ӷľǣүǵ뽻ѣʲôûС
㲻˵˾վߣһҪȥӵļһˣȻֻվ˵аɣǵһ£ǰѶʰһ±ȥ
õģӵѶʰãȻ߳ҽݣʱŷԼҽſڻͣһӣӵ˰ѽӵƿ˸ơ
ȥ·ߣֱýη̧ȥѾԾİҽݵŸϣһ˽
ܿӿʼ΢̧Ӹˣһʱͣ涼˯ˣ
ӽ㿴һͦլԺӼҵĴŶȱ˼ҵҪҪһЩʱĻվڼſӲ㡣
һ߹һֻ˵ϣλչ˰ɣȻһ˲ţ㲻룡
ֵģǿֻʺ㲻ɵҲûվ͸ˣӱ㻹֪ͦҪġ
뵽ЩѧҽĶƢŹ֮ͽҲȻˣټϾعٴ˵ģǰ˶һˣټǶԼôƲϵӻҲ˵
ʹҲʡͽ˾Ͳˡ
ӻҵſڽ뵽ʱ㿴һݻеװΣҲɶӲѼŪɱŻ᲼õģ
˵ʵеˣҲЩֵǮĶһһĿߣͿʲôҲ˵
ǶֱӵټĻ׼ԷȾƣʱѾ˸ּƣԱ߻кü欻崿ɾŮӡ
ӽǼŮæ밲һ⼸ŮӲŻ֮ǾͿʼƼвˣ
еĲǴ̶ֱιߵģźⷽǿûϲûֱźĸо
ŮùԼųԣЩŮӸľҲһ
ǻӶһ˵λһĳһǺóԺúȰ
.

߰£֮

˾Ҳû˾ƱȾƣʵ̲ס˵үʲôֱ˵ˣôƱյƵġ
εЦЦ¾ƱŻصⲻ˵չҽ˵߿˸ģСҽݣҪ˹ȥ֡
ҾչӵҽίСҽеţ빫ӵǴҽȥ˿ҩĻǱʲôǿɶõģ
ͷ˰û취£ȥһһĻصҽ˲ҽǴСǺǻȫǿ˵ġ
Ҫ˾ûҽҲܾȣ˾иټҽҲûãƢŹ֣˺ϲԼҽݴűȽɻү񰮣Ⱥ㻹ұȥɣ
Ҳ˵ҵɽҰҽǲûү֮ã˰ɡ
Ӷʱ֪üȰ˵ʲôҲһʱˣӴŹ˵λžܾҸʱ俼һ£ԺԲ˳Բˣ
ϯһֱڹľƣǲ඼Ƕ˺ȵĲʱһԵŮʹ˸ɫ
ĵŮߵԱߣָỮļ򣬴һ˿ͬΪŮӵ̲סӦĴ˸
Ůȴôߣ૵ӣƺȵĶ˰ɣū½
Ҫ㡣ϧһѽŮƿԼûվŤ˽һˤϣҲеˡ
ۿĲˣû뵽ӻôѣΪõŮͦõİôͲϹأ
ͬʱԵû˸Χȥֻ˸ߣԭ޵òڵסˣҪȻŮ˿϶ȥˣ
Ҫ˵ŮӻṴأŤ˽ŲҲԼһ˵ڵϣĿһ˿ԹĶ㽿˵ӣˤūˣҲۣҿ
չҽ߳˳͸ĿţҲǿĵطǰѰķȥùӸţ
˼԰һҹϧҪɫĮ˵ˣλĽûʲô£߼·ͻġ
һԵ䣬ŤͷһѾԼԴŬѣҲͲ˷ʱˣ
.

߰£һɶ

ӿ˼뿪Ǵ߻ؼҵģ̫ԶеֻҵĽȻҽݡ
ĶиԺľʰסˣԼݱ¶ֻҽݴպһ
صҽݵʱ򶼲ҹԼҲ漴ȥһ챾ֺۣ˼ƣϵķⶼˣ
㶼ԺҪ˯ˣȴеһ۱㿴ĴԼǰϻߣⶼҪġ
ֻע⵽е㲻糺죬æеʵôˣǲﲻҪˮ
ƺȶ֮ҪȲˮģ׼ȥŪˮȣȴֱӽӡ촽ϣʶĲԾ
ƺǡеܣҪ
ڻӵļԻʲôԾģһǻӾͲɶˣ㶼ûҳ̫ණʱӶû
͹ˣǷҲûԼڣǳǾ棬ǸѰ
ڶ峿İĻһ£Ƿŵ֮ŷ˻Ӽ䡣
˼ֱ޳ܼˣ㰲ôŮֻҲûģҪʲô͵ñˣ
ûҲˣĵһ仰ûĶôһ˵ͷ۵Ĳˡ
ںԺЪţԼȥ˵㶫£Ȼȥ˿ץҩˡ
ܻڵ㿼ҪҪһϻ£ҽ⼸Ҳûʲô˹ңɺ𲻶ϣرԪ¶Ⱥܵͣ
ÿ춼˹һȫæԪ㺢ǿʲôˡ
ͦµģ㲻Ǳȥһһȥ棬ӱҪһЩŽȥҲͦĵģ
ҪĸСӰԵһСףԻϸҲ۸ʲôġ
Ԫһҽæһ죬ԷĹûУֱϲ˶ٱ㵹Ȳŵǰ
ȴһ˼ģԼݸˮûﲻɵе㲻Ҳ֪ʲôȻԼԵôһɶ
.

߰£

̲סǰ˻ΣŽעԼϣʵʲô񡣡
ŶⲻҽֻԼһæѧͽһҽܶһҲͿ帣ˣ
Ͼҽݿ˾Ҫ𣬲ܿһʱٹأĿǰͽõİ취ˣһ㣬ҲҽԺ󳤾õĿȥ
ԴҲûʲôͽܣ֮иʱͺˣͽҲ˵վյģ
ƷԸȹأҪһʱû壬һһһĵģǿɾͲˡ
㻹ְæͽܵ»ǵץʱճˣҲۣĥҪͽûʱôһᡣ
ؼҵʱһŤͷȥǽֵһʮ߰Ůһݹ᾵ʧʹޣԱ߻һ̵Ȱο
ȥˣŮŻ޵ѹȥ̽˵ıϢΪϧ˵ڰ˳䰡ϲǳ£Ҳһǻ¡
үүڿܾһˣٳԲʲôģӦ˲Ŷ԰
⻹۵һ˵̧ͷһ㷢ǸԼԱߣԱߵĸ˺մ
ʱֹסˣͿޣҲ֪ΪΣǰˡ
ͷһʵΪ˿ңҪҿޡ
ԭسմҺүүһ㿴ģүүûס
۱ޣҪǮƵµô˵ԱߵĸǸÿϧүҪͦһ˵ܵõٶˡ
СôһֱҲǰ취СȻһ취үӵȹҽ
ҲżȥүðʲôС£Ȼʵүүô£ʲôҪҸ
Ĩ˵үү֪ǳʲô⣬Բ¶һֱӣտʼôݣʱҴȥ
Ҳû˵ʲôҪץҩԣҩǮ̫ǸүүͼҪȥȥͳŵڣ˵մ֮ǰسұŴүү㿴
.

߰£ز

û뵽Ϳ쵽ҽȻûסҲãҸֱմȥҼҿүүģүү
ҲѹŮӿ޵ôģԭôԼģҲʵڲܹͷϣϾҲǳںİ
ϵɾѯʵסﻹʲôˣ֪ͨǹүүȥɣȷ
ᵽСܣõĨ˵ҵﶼȥҺүүΪүүҲˡ
մҰүү˰ɣ۾ǸţԣֻҪүүΪ
ͨһӾ͹ǰϥǹʱüͷ֣ص˵ʲôţġˣҲҸ֮ǰеԵ֣Ұ˾ǡ
ллմӣز죬֪ô죡
۰ԼеӶݸ㣬Ҳ֪ԼܲԼүүõĹײģҲ²˳٣ҲûؼҸкСײȥ
ʲôҲүүѡ˸ȽϺõĹײģ۸ʱС߬½ǣΪԼӸ
ȴû£ֱԼӸȥ·㻹Ѱ˼ô鶼Լϣ˵òʲôģֻǾϡѡ
صҽݵʱſڵʵôôؼңһΪʲôˣҽǾʬô£
һ㣬ָָԼԵСľһ顣
һεĿ㣬Լϱʲô鶼ҽ֣ײĶҲܰ;ϣֻøһæ
۸ԼүүһѣȻȹײ̵˰ѹײ͵Ȼ˰үͻ۵ļҾˣ
ҾسǵҲ̫ԶһȥȻʲôСЩ黹첻ɡ
ϵԶسǵһСéǰ棬ֱ붼еˣǰСéݲ֮ǰסĺõԱ߻Сͷ
˵СүүļңװϢĵطүӰ֮С㿴Ҳ֪ʲô㵹Ǹоˣżȥ˯
.

߰£ͽ

ǿСе㲻ĵʵүүҲˣ㻹ҪԼ𣿡
붼ï}ûţҹǰضѣСܲẦ£ᴥɣ
Ҿ¿һˣ㻹ͦϵԼҪȥĶأͶԶ׻ôš
ֻСһľ֮ɫǰ˵ҵĴæҵĶˣԺĻԺ͸ˣϴɨﶼģ
һ⺢ӲǱģ㿴һҡҡͷҲҪ˭ϴɨ
Сһɫ̰ǿЦҲǣ۾ԼҸطˣǶл˰Ұүүͻˣ
תҪߣȴסֻ˼һ£ȻصĶ˵Ҳȱϴģҽȱͽܣ֪ûѧҽ
ѧԺҲܸһβˣҲиԷı£ڶţΣ
ϲ̫죬۶ʱˣ̲סѵݼʦǰõĻҪûǿ湻ϧģ
̳ͷȻһʦ۾ľ񣬷·ѾԼԺҲҽ˵ģˡ
ϧѧˣ缸ʦҲԼΨһүүͲ뵽ֻܰ
Լ·ʰһ£ȻᵽҽȥסϾĽҰģһԼŲ̫ȫպҽݾĳפء
صҵʱ㻹һûӦ״̬û뵽һͽôյˣۿԼүүûӿݹ᾵ȥһúѧҽġ
ڴϻ˯̲סʵô˯ʱҿ㲻Ǻˣ
ֲˣȽһЩʲôĶȽϺã
㾫ӵ̲ס̾˿żʲôöȿô˵оǣ๫ҲæһˣҪ˯𣿡
ðɡ
Ҳĥô࣬ӸϺܿ˯״̬˯öڶ컹һ˹
ڴµϱҡҡͷ˵˸ͽе˷˯ôã
.

߰£Ǽ

ǵȻˣһͽܰȻԺܻ
еϧĿԼͽܣǵԺ˵ɣ֪Լģ
⺢ƺԻµҽݺޣҩۣүүҩǮүݳǸӲ
п϶˲ٿһԿԼүү;ƿݵһѰĸоأ
㻹֪ΪҩǮǵԵʣжβӲĵȥأӴ˾ټֱԼعٴ˹ϵвͬ۵ĴǸߡ
ȻʣһĸεĴҽݣҲŲ˶ã˵׼ᶮҽ˶ûУүأ
ΪЩҪȥ죬ԼһǰȥҽݣӦûû緹˳־ڽϴ˰Ӹԡ
Žҽݱ㿴ڲӣµĵضɨĺܸɾһ£û뵽ôһͻʰҽݣ
ЦŸкȻæԼϵ飬Ҳ֪Ǽģϵ·ͷĺ롣
۵ͷе㷢ƣһľţӪ⣬ѾʮˣϿȴôˡ
˼۱е㲻˼æͷԼӣȻѾܸɾˣ
ʶ۲˼֮ջĿ⣬Ѱӷ϶˵һľɨҽݣ϶˰ɣģϽȳ˰ɡ
۵ģ㲻뵽ǰĽʱҲûۺõҲİװ֣СͽҲһģ
۳԰ϴ³緹ֻһС΢ģӶҶһ⺢Ӳ㻹
ֽﻹʣ˵ʣµҲˣЩǸģ㲻ԿɾҪʣû˳ˡ˵Ӳóԣ
ͻȻ뵽ӾԼڽģʱϵҲûһȥǸ̯򣬿ζãŲԣ
һæҡͷſ˵ǲǣӺܺóԵģֻǡˣȿˮ
ǲҶԣԵ̫࣬˵ԼˣҲƲ˵ƣԼԱߵˮݸ֪
.

߰£

һˮоһůԭˮպˣò˵ĺϸһЩС¶Ÿɡ
۸Լ˿ˮȥ֮˰ӼԣֱԱΪֹ
˶ӣҽҲʰһɶվǰʵʦҲɨɾˣҪҸɵʲôأ
㿴һۣȻͻȻԼͷϵһ֧ȡۡ
һ˵һʦҲûʲôöܸ㵱֧ӱɣȥǱߴţҪ˲Ҵȥط
ʮӵİ͵ŽԼȻһŵæ˴ԼȥһˣȻҲ֪ԼʦҪȥĶ
ҽݵ˵ȷ࣬ɴһأԼ۳ȥˣڴȫմߵһ
ǰͷŸɾòׯһĸģ۸Сؤһϵ·֪ϴ˼ζɫˣ
кüԼ⸱ģ˼˵Լͽܣ±Цô˸ؤͽܡ
ߵں˼룬ǰȴ벻ײıûӲ˵㲻֪
ǰͣ½Ųת˵ˣǵˣȥ򣡡
̧ͷһŷѾһҺܴĲׯǰ棬ͷҲصı˼ҵ۸ϽȥȴĻƸ¡
ֻǳؤҲ˵ܽģЬģǵذŪˡ
۵ͷһԼЬӣүүʱǲйģЬӺ࣬ǰҲûʱˢϴЬӡ
ЬӾûаѲׯĵذŪ࣬սԼͽܲ˵ЩĻǳ˵˭ؤ
е£ָҲҶ˵մس˭˲֪˭˲û˸ҵ˼ǮյĻţҪٻӵĵ˼ǿ
Ȼǰߣָֻ˵ŲʲôؤԺҲ˭ٺСؤĳһͽܣպҪҽѧҽͽܡ
ԭСˣ
ڨЦ۽ȥίίĸ˲ׯֻҲ뿪벽˵Сؤ
.

߰£úÿ

ΪׯҪԼ·ģû뵽õľȻŮҵѣûӦźü·ϣ
ֻ㲻ݾܾ˵ЩѹȥԣܴĻǾͶˣϲЩԼġ
۾ȵĿ㣬Ѳŵ˵ЩǸʦҪѣ
Ȼأҿϵ·ͦģܿסɱ˲ҪҸΣ˵ˣСҼҾ͸ôƯƯ
ƳſڵĻһۣ޵Լһװ绹ᱻ˵СؤģҲûʲô¼Դˣ
һ·۶ʮɬ߳㿴һֻۣҪÿԾ͸ˣü۴ŶͦÿһЩ벻ʵĲܴ˺üѡ
ưȹĵͷţǺöˣҪ˶س˶֪˸С˶ͽܵˣ
ĿԼۻͦ˼ģѸʦͻҽݣ·ŵԺ۵ĴҽݲŸ˿ץҩ
ÿһ˶۳ĺÿ˸µĺͽܣϸ۵ۡ
ıȽҲܷ֣رЦʱջСѣѾһС˶
㵹ǾոŮͽܻͦõģûµʱԿۣƽʱϴɨᣬϲУ
ĥһͽܱˣҲܸɵˡ
βǴҽ飬ۣøŸҩĵ飬дŸֲҩãԼ³켸˥
ҩ˽˵ģȻڸβʱһԹۣĿȾȹ⿴ĺã
㻹Ҫͽ鴫ȥĵڶ죬ҽһȺ˴ԼҺҪΪͽȻеܣǲô׾پոͽܻġ
ͽŮӵͽܹԣҪҲЩôţҲûийʲôģֻ˵ͽһȫԵ֣һŷ׷ɢȥҪǿ
ͽͰ˼ȫϣÿؼҶõ
.

߰һʮ£˵

һĵ磬ǰȥѧðԼӸ˻찴ݼ٣ԽӺǻһ죬ȻûĽе㲻⡣
ʵȥĶˣôֻԼһǲˣ
ϲӡԼĸĸǺܺõģÿǶһģֻһɵöһ㡣
ЦĿۿɰС˶˵Ķе鰡ⲻǽæûʱһǾǳ˰
ϲһǣһֻƣСʵÿ춼æʲô
װ˸㵱ͽܣۼҽݽǸҽأͷȥ֪ˣ׶ɺˣ
˵⻰ʱһ̳һȫɢŨŨζͽӵͦȤģȤĻԼֿҽݵ顣
ϲʵǼѾȱˣΪʲôҪٿҽأ˵ҽݴţûʱˡ
ǰҺͽò׷һٵģ
Ӳ̫ˣ˵ϲ˿ץҩֻܲǰɣҲӦеԼİð
ڽͦ£һ˵㰲ڣٽϲûȵܵʵ׻
˵æҪɣȵϵķǾȥô
ҲûıͷͬˣûȶӵҽȥˣߵǺţʱ߸ȥӲҪԼҿҽݵ˵ȥ
ΪҪԿǸջĻϰ壬ôҶûץҩβӾ⻹ͦ棬Ӧܡ
һӱͦ棬һڴӺĽҽݣӷںԺԼǽȥҳ
ⲻҪһ㿴ڸһ㱳ģͲûУﻹǺܲζġ
Ǹƺе˼һ۾һֱϿʱ򷭴̳ӵѾϻ˵ߣ
˰͹ȥ˹һ±ƵĿʵôˣʲôˣɶ
.

߰һʮһ£

ĳˣƢСһõ˵ûʲôǿеĲ˳ۣ˶ѣҡôôأ
캢ǻؼң˵ЩȥģȼˣںԺأ
һĶͷŻصѽ̫̫࣬鷳ҾȻ¸ˣúǵһҸǸǾͻؼҡ
վ죬ԵˣԼظôĻȻˣɴҲǻȥǸӼˣԼԺȥˣ
ϲое㲻ԾҲҶ˵ʲô֪㵽ʲôȻǴӲ׷ŭĵô
ȵ֮Ժ㿴һϢоСĺӣ㲻ɵ룬ҲҪؼҵġ
ôˣ
ôС۵
ʹ֪ҲûȥЦŶԽ˵ϲԲסʵ̫æˣҪؼңǵȼ˰ɣ
á
ԭȲӰҲ̫Ҹڣ˵ûȥǣ֣˵߰ɣǻؼң
ȻһȥϻǺԵĲˣ⿴ţȻ취ֻ֣ҪԼžɫٳҲûҪȰ˵˼
ӻڸǰҲʱøˣƢصڳֵ֮ĺܲԾһųɵʲôľȥ
һֱӶ˯ˣһҲ׼˯ʱ㶼ȥ׼Լﲻ
ֻקק½ǣ˵ɫˣЩ˯ɣ컹ҪأĵҲҪֲһҩˣóջȥ졣
Ϊ֪ʲôεĺѽˣҪؼ㿴ҽݻһֱŸӣ֪ĻΪǷƵģ
أ
㶼ˣ꣬㻹ĶҲˣ
һ£˰Ҳ֪ԼĶԣһֱҪԼ룬˵Ϊһ龹ȻֱӱԱ˯˭Ҳû˭
.

߰һʮ£ס

ڶֱ˯̫ɹƨ˲ڳ緹ĳĥ޺޵ĵһСôڻ϶ˣ
ôʲô
Ȼʳ⣬ûش˵ϲȥѧ飬ڼҺúôţȻҪȥҽݼ˿ץҩڳһĹӺ͡𣿡
ааɣ˵ƶʱϴ֮ǰ緹緹㲻ڶӡ
Թ緹ȥӣȥĶ棬һµ˵ȥ棬ڼҵǧͺã
һ㶼㺢ǣĸĽʱ֮ǰ˵׵һߣЦıж࿪ˡ
һԾţҲ˵Լ棬緹ʱҲַ֪ʲôƢȻ緹
ͺǶӶˣһҲȥʱͲˣֵ˵ô緹أ
ϳԵö࣬һԼȥԵİɣ
ֻһ۱Ťͷȥ·𶼲ٶ࿴ˣеգ֪ô£ʲô
ȻҲԼԶԽ˵ɣòڼһ죬ҴǳԷ˳һǧҲ˰ɣ
ûϲĵʵҪһȥϲҲûʲôҪæŶ
򷭴̳ӵĳӲǾǿ˵ԼȥɣҾͲȥˡ
Ȼ˵ȥҲûʣúǴôˣԼɵˣû뵽ľͲһʹźˣ
Ķסˣվڴǰ
ϲѧ֮ҲûܼĵҽæԼ飬Ǳߵĵظֲҩˣûȥ졣
شǰһ߲ԼҪϼҼ쿴ҽʱͲˣڶֱӹŽ۴ʰش
֮ǰվǸ˻һæչһϲĶҪֲҩľͰϡ
һж׼֮شˣҲ֪զģǰ컹һֱŤҪش˷ˣɶ¶˵һ˵
.

߰һʮ£۲Ĳ

ȻĪȴҲûзϣһ·񱼵·Ǳûдվ˾ߡ
˻͵óհ·ǱҪĶðȫˣſڵʱܹЦϣ˰ǻҩ˰ɡ
ǰȻʲôҲû˵̫໰Ѽϵ֮УȻӶǽǺá
λûзӱҴֱӰռЩ飬ѰѵİŵһߣȻùźɨ㿪ʼɨڵĻҳ
ʵҲﱻߵ֮ʵûʲôڴ˺Щ·߶˻ۡ
ξһͻ͵֬ˮõ飬Ҳ֪˭ȥˣڿ̲סЦ
ҲˣƿڴЩҲֹͣЦԼ۳ɹһԶڼ۲Ĳ
߻ҲǺܴ󷽵ûмƽϣϾԼ׶ӣ
ʰҪƥ˨һûһ˵磬ϧҲҪȻҪϸжء
Ǳ̨ϣԼֻǵһûҪ˵ܶ໰˼
ȴģǼЩҪʣٵİ˨֮˼ң˭֪ﾹȻ󵨵׷
Ҷ˵ǴɨɣҲûʲôɡ
û˵ܾܹôСӣĶõɨģǲǳں㲻֪֪Ů˲˴Ͷˣ
˼ڼʰòæֻܻصԼмţɵټûڼʬ
綼ԬˣܿϣǰЩ֮Ҳû¼ֻϱˡ
̬ȲôǿӲˣΪ֪ԼָźԼأΪûʳˣȥȥˣ
⻹ʳأͼһСĶҲǺܴȴ۵
һʱʵôӣ
ɴ˿Ż˵ʲôֻҵһˣǸܿҲ֪֪ȥҪӻôţһֱû¶档
.

߰һʮ£Կ

ҵ˼ӽȥʳȻ󻹰Ҹһ٣˵ʲôôѧҺˣҪֻҪʲôˣ
Ҫܿӵ뷨ٴգʳҲˣȥϵĿľΪҪЩӻЩ
զ죿ǸŮʼղ¶棬ֻҵҵǸŮƺҲӣҵҲࡣ
ɴ˻һ⵽Цֻѵ˵ԾƫǸŮˣ㲻ʲôˡ
ô죿ɿԼĸףʮˣһ黹ʲôҪԼһ뷨ûУ
ֻЦһа취ǻǳԺõĺȺõģ֮ǰҪϼˣҪݳϷ
㵽ﲻĿǲ鲻Ը˵ҪҸʲôҿ˵ã߰ҿɲɡ
ڶһ磬㱻һѣ۾һһ֮ɫͬѵ˵ôһҲͣģϵʲôأ
֪⶯Ҳ˯ˣϴŪ㶫԰ɣ
˵ƿůıңЬӱѣ̾˿Ĺܻû˯̫ѣҲֻ
ȻɸƵģմ·ԽԽСŻûüǸʲôֻﱳŰҪߵıӰ
ӣ㻹ʲô׵ģת˵ʲôìܣһŻҡ
ȥϴͷԵȥȻǾټ׼ҩˣ
ԤƣҩӦòҪܳʱ䣬ΪϾֶˣټֵʲô⣬ϴθǼҩĵǰ˵׼Ѿڵȥټˡ
ûü緹Ƽ峤ɻصŴ峤µϱզ£ϱŻңҲ˵һ¡
߳һĸ峤˵߰ɣܱһֱԿҪð
˵ĻôǳԿˣ⻰ɲ˵
.

߰һʮ£Ȼ

ֻ͵ҲǣڴˣԲˣﻹɲǳԿˡ
أͲˣԲϷ
˼ϹңأĶ˵ǰЩҪʳ͸˼ӶǹɶģԴϻظ֮ܿ
ⶼˣҲûٻһˣûȫֻҪôɢ˰
峤װģǰѴ峤˵˵Ҳˣ˰лˣô㻹ӣӣȻܱ嵽ز
ǸܿռҵҲ˵Ȱǣ֪ûʳҲ˵˼һ£ƽʱһһӵĺˣֱҲ̫˵ȥˣ峤һҪֹ
ܿҲһ״ܿΪ峤ǲܵģ϶һ˰Щƽ˵
ҪȻһľ£Ĵһ˭Ҳ˯ɸȾ峤Ȱؼ֮ȥˣ
֮Цݺݵؿô˻ҷǵðϵӶùɡ
̫ãҹǲˣǱͨһ£ܿסҪʱһӵѣϾû˹ˣҪҲ˾ù֣
ﵽеӵģȻĴˡ
˶۾һо˵ʮеոջҪҵĶ˽ݱһ¶
ʵҲһô²ãһ뵽õԼҪĶ֮ҲȻˡ
һߣԹ緹ȥ֮ǰЩҩĵĴȥˣֻʣһڼңŽãѴϱóɹһ¡
ɿܿŲٵĶ߽ң󻹸Ŵ峤ţĸӲõĳԲϷˣ
Ȼ￴ܿЩʳʱȴһ㶼ûŴ峤ܿԹ˵ǲãʱ˵ùͻǵأⶼ˲
ⲻǷһ쵽ҲûģǺܵǽأӹǿɺˣһϺõĲҩء
.

߰һʮ£һһ

ܿЦ˵ԼĶóһ󴮵ҩݹȥȴûȥӡ
ʱ峤˵ʵⶼĲˣܿ»زͰˣôҲôʮµĲһˣԺɲˣһҪڻˣҪ﷢ôҲ֪
Ҳû˵Լж಻뿴ɺԼѾ̻ǳԾͷҪʲôʲô
ٳûػﵹǿ˵˰ɴ峤Ҳɫ˥ˣͲٻصңҲʵڲһֱǿǣ
ЩҲˣܿϹӾȥһҪҲһҪᣬӹǲô峤Ҳ֪
ƽﶼҪЩõĲţҪȻͻΨһҪÿ¸ЩӹڶŶӣ
峤룬Ҫȷ֣ŤͷǸʲô뷨Ҫؼҿǰʱһӣ
Ҫ˵ĿɲƫߵĿ׶ӡô㶼Ӧ䵽Բĵز
峤û˵ܿǶٺҲֻǸŮˣպҪյģĶӻ߹ŮԻǳڶԺǺõɡ
Ҳû˹ܣûź򣬵ʱܲסϵŮˡ
ܿȥǶԷĿȴûϣһɶûӣȻԼĥһ£û˵ͷ
޷ǾԼ۵㣬ԺͲܵĴˣõҲֵá
ֻŤͷޱÿҪӱȽϺأҾ˵ǰͷˣܿɲңɷ򣬸ûرõĹϵ
ǲÿǵģÿҪԼǺˣҪ̫һ˿ɳ𡣡
⻰˵δе㲻ƽ˰ɣֶˣô˵һضԲԣ˵ˣϷӲ㡣
Լ紵ɹ׬ӣզҲе˵ȥǣҪӶ᲻ø㣬Ȱ㻹ǸϽɣͲ㣡
һһ˵ܿܿݵȷеΣɶ֪úʲôһܿûʲôøС
Ӷ᲻øãƾʲôΪҲǸŮɵһһӺأ
ܣһӺɷô䵽ҪŮҪӳĵزɣΪһӣ˵ֻͲú
ԲܶһǺϤŮ˵Ҫ˼ԼĻ룬ô˵ֻ˻
У䣬Ҿһ֪ȡС˵˰ɣ
Լ׽Ҫ˵Ļᷳ˵˳ͬʱҲñ֪µ飬ֻ֪
ʵ˶㲻ˣ
Ȼ֪ʲôأɸֵĵһֻۣԼ׬ӻؼңû˵Ͻ̵ΨһĶӳΪһӺ
ɣҲûӺɷΣΪ˸ѸԼ׶ŮܲˣѵҶأ𣿡
ܿûҪӵ˼ҲҲڸԼǺһ
峤ֻܿĿ췭ˣЩ٣ܿȥ䣬ʾҪô⡣
ȱ⺢ôˣǻһһöӵ°ɣ
峤ڽǣûⳳܣ˳ûûˣ˭һ׵
Ͳ˵ˣڵĶܸ˵ɰ׵ģ˼ҸǰûҲӲܰԼ˵һûС
ʮˣ峤ҲʨӴ󿪿ڣӲǴ˶֪ģسҿɾָˡ
ȻΪˣŻԾһѩܵĽӵ֮ҪôκԼĲҪβһӻָӹأ
Լȣ˵Ļô峤ã˵ÿʵĴӳҿɣҲԼжԩˣô㣬ȥҪȥ
ôŴ峤ֵĻĶܵγˮȽŵû²ŵȷоʮԩ
£ȥϸܿǸҲֻܹԼ£춼ȥ˱Ӧ
û뵽ھȻԼҪӵĳˣԴ˲ҲʮֵΣҲûô鷳ˣ
.

߰һʮ£·

κŮô鶼дֻҪԼҲûһ취֮⻹Ҫ˼ܿԼϵķݡ
ڴ峤ĵ£ǲ鲻ԸͬԺÿ¸ĸʮӣһԵֻܿһ仰Ҳ˵
޷ȳǸʲô뷨ˣû緹ûԱܿˣ
ϵ·ϣһﲻܿ˵ģԼ͡Ͳˣѷݹþˣ
㣿Լôͣôˣ˵ʮһ׬ʮѣôһ¸ôӣ
ֵܿЩ꣬üͷ𣬺ܲӣŮˣʵ޷ı䡣
ֻ˵ǵȷҵĶӣܲĲɣξʮٵˣ֮ǰҪ⳥ţʱҪĿɱⲻ֪˶ٱ
ͲܲǣĸһϱȫֺýŵģȻҪأ˭㣿
ܿҧгݵ˵⼸仰Ҫ˵Ҳɵֻ֪ƣȴ֪ΪԼֵ棬
ҲܡҪοҰ
仰֤ҪӻԸԼͰ͵ĴЩӣҲԸñ˵Ļ
Ȼܿſڱص˵Ļ⣬ȥ治˲Ҫֻ޶ʵڲֵˡ
ԼƷ⣬ǲܣɱȥ˵ԼҲʲôΪ˸һҲҲ˵Ǻ꾫
һʱ䣬رЩ߰ܿԽûԼеôãǰ˲ֵԼ˵ĺһ
Ҳѡˡ
ֻҲˣԼͷƺʵ˼ܿĻ׶ԲԣܿҲٶ˵ʲôһֱſڣҲûнһ仰
˵ֻ̫֮ˣܿҲǣ̯ôĸҲεɫ
峤֪ûϵȴȷĸûӳԲϷͶˣ˲˵һ磬ûӵʱȥ
Ĳ˵ʮҵӶõ֣ôĳԲϷأ޷Ǿ̰ˣ
Ҳǹ棬һµû˹Ķľû֪ˣæʰԼأֲһҩġ
Ҳûȥô飬ֻӸյֵĵһȴȾ˯ϡ
Ÿڴĳĺֻʮַ꣬ڱ߰߳־òɢ
ģԼܲˣԴ·ȥļţϱһõǽһ졣
֪ΪҪ˼ҵĴŲһ
ãִҲ˺ôһŽͣЪȻнŲԺﳯ
ֻһĴţû˵ҹĲ˯ʲôţõô֪ĻΪϱżɥôż
ֻ仰ϢȻ㡭
ֻһҪԼĿ⿴˵ˣȻǹ²Ҳ֪ҹˣ㻹һֱиͣ
ֳ֪ˣ֪ĻΪɽϵǰϻʲôɽҪأܲܲˣǲ˯ҲҪ˯
ȻĲûиܵ£ϣҵģҰôô㻹ܸҷϲɣ
ڴ峤˵أ·ӳϽȥʡ۵ĶƤӵ»ƣ۲Ĳ
һѷŸˣһںУϱ˵ִһֱûͣ˳ԭҲ˴롣
޷ǾΪЩӸôˣѾɼңӦӸһ룬ȴԼĸ׵һֱŲ
ּһ£ץҪϡ
ܿҪӵʱôһģӵǾһˡ
ûа취ֻЩյĻݣҪȥðһЩҾ߻Ȼᵽ·ס
һ£˾ֹȥ￴ŹǸȥϰ·ҪĶһ¡
˵齣ΰʲôģϱЩҪð죬ĻǷϾܰᵽ·ȥסˣ
.

߰һʮ£ץ

ͬһӸۼⶫߵ춼΢΢ˣֻһӱæµȥˡ
һǽһãǣҪȥӣ۾ʱһæס
ֻЦ绨߹ʵҪȥϰɶҲȥðһЩ֪ܲһ𰡣
ǸȥҪٴĶһ꣬˵ٴˣ㻹ţȥɣ
òȴʮĿֻ﷭緭һı˸ɫֹ˵ôСһ̣ȥûдҪ
ִ˵ɲôҪ֪ڻƲһҿɶæֲҩأţҲǷڵصġ
Ķȥϣ˼ǸǼͭ嶼ˣҲţȥ»ùǣϻ˵廹ϵˣҪʹһΰɣ
ĶǴһô򵥣ֻԺȻȥȥĶġ
治УֲǺԶҪȥˣöкô
˵仰ǣˣһͻȻԼϱû֮ǰҲһֱȥϵ
رʱ廹رĺãҲҧһˣ￴ſɲԼϱôͲȥϣҪȥˣ
ȥҧŵģԼеӣֹǣֻЦôĺܡ
һߣŴһڵæʲôԼˣһŮӸĻҲĥ䵽
˼ӵģ׷׸̾ĽҲֻǻ˼ӵĸȻȢܸɵһŮΪޣҪǻңô绨ϱұ֤һԴ
ҲǸְ
Աи̲סЦСûϱĺӲ죬Լøոǻ˵ȥʵĻţ
絽һɻۿˣ˲ſúЪһȻ緹ɡ
Ϊͼʡ£رЩ򹤵ĴֱӴ緹ԵģϾһ˱ȽԶɴǰһݷ˴š
ҲûпȺûصĴ񣬸ĹǮǺܸߵģҲʮֵɻһҲиǴͿԿó
ֱӰԼҵţˣҲǰռС˵ˣţȻ˼ҵģȻͷͰѼţ˶ֽʼȽṤǮʱһЩͭģ
ĺãһҲǺܲģⲻǶ֪ŰûڼңǴķ˶ĸֱһԡ
ȻһЩֲ赭һҲûеũ߱һԷ
˵ŴһиŮ֯ĴͳЩҲ÷ݶؼҳԷŮҲɷһˡ
һ㶼Ⱥ˵ģԽԽãϾسǱҽݻȥǱżҲе鷳Ҫһ£е㵢󲻵ã
һԷĵֱӽԼǱȽϺõʳùȥҲһֱһ˵ķʵڵ˼ҳԲ
Աÿ˶һ㣬ܹ֤˲ԲԼҲӣÿһ˵ʳﶼЦŶ˼˵һлл
ü䣬ЦůҲһЦһЦҪԭֻŮӸ˸ʳԣ˶˼
ֱӶԼķߵǰԼģ㲻ӵģͲסһֱİѶƸֻüһ˼һ¡
ؼҳԷʱıΧʳģŮҲˣؼʱԾȻһȺˣ
һʻһȺӬΧŵļӸУ뵽ԼӣȴЩĵΧţƽ͵ɫʱе㲻ÿ
ߵ㲻ԶЦżװͦ˵ԭǻŽؼҳԷģû뵽ͳˣҲУûŶӾͳɣ
ʳһӾͿ˺֪ΪӹҤӱԼץָо
ӼɫЦеǿӲɵɢֻʼǸ󵨵ƤЦⲻЦ˵ǣģԲܶˣ
.

߰һʮ£Ȩ

㣿
ҧݵһǵӣͳȥô죬ȻϤˣһɩӶˣֱӽ֣
ĵֹЩڵӣ˶ʶȤŲȥһ߳ԣڳദĿռ
ǸߴӰԼϵⶼסˣĪεЦЦԼеĿ˵ҪҪһڣҵķͦġ
ޱ鲻Ц·صʼʱ򣺡Ҽǵ㲻Щˣ˵óԡؼҰɣҸ˺óԵģ
˵תߣԵİ뱥ԥ˵ѾԵĲˣֵרŻȥԶˣǻøϽŪҽݲ
ˣ
Ҳ֪Լľ仰˵ĲԣǵãҪ˺СƵģ˸ٵĵطҲ
ȻֻоеĪҲûȥôˣô˵ӡ
˳԰緹׷ũ׼æֻһ˻̩ɽûҪһɻ˼
ȥôˣʱֻԶһ˻תͷȥһͷʧصɱȥ
Ҫײ㣬϶ܲСˣ״һϽ㿪ôܹȵģ
Ҳ֪ĶŪôһƥôԲŵʧҪײˣʱץ
ôĶȻǱŵġ𡱣۳һݵӰȥʱߣƽµı£ڳҲǷ׷˿
ɤӼеͣ
ʱҲû̫࣬ﵽϣʹһͣ˿ֱӿϡ
ֻ壬һ٣оצڲֵĴ֮û˵ȻһָӵƳһ
ɲˣԵ˵ôԼȥˣ̫ˣԼ²ȥһѣ
֮Ҫȥ
ȴ֣ΪôȥģҲиߣһˡ
ʲôЦƾոǾٶ״ʲô˼ĻǾˣպһҪֵĺã
ʵڲ붯ֻñ۾һȶǲûվȾˤˡ
ʱͬ˹ʵϱǴĶģ²ǣ˼ѹָոһȥͲˡ
ۼıɿϸˣֻǸǸȽ²Լһͷ
ǰⲻǻƲҵţôȥϾûţˣȥ̫Ҿôÿɣ
󷽷ĳϣӵǶɳۿõ壬ƺǺϲһֱĺ
ţϱǷ˻ôţʲôͥΪʡ·Ȼר
и̲סĽʣشȴ峤ɫֱǺ֣ҿոҲǻģȻ˵һƥ
֪֪Ǹģ˵ʳȻΪʡ·ƥ˵ҲʮҰɣ˵Ҳһɷ򣿡
Ҫڸиɶ¶ҵͷϣﻨô´峤ȨˣҲڵô˵Ĳǡ
ȴǲΪȻ˵Ͳʹ峤˼ҲˣӰɶԼģûһӶ
ָģȻʲôԼ£ô̴峤˵Ĳء
⻰峤ûôˣȴɺܲͬ˵Ҳ˵ô¶
Ƴһ۴峤ܲ˵峤Ҳ֪ȽŻǺܺã˲Ϊ˷㿴߼·ˣôһֱ˵ҵĲǰ
ϱ˵öԣи㣬аɱţҪöˣͷû¿Ū峵ȥϸصĶҲ׬ӻӺܿ׬ġ
ϸͱϱӴִˣҿͦãҲûӻ
׻ǴĻƲһӾͷ˸̻ҼʱȰס˴峤˵Ĳˣ˵ܴȥϸʱ峤Ҳ۾һ
.

߰ٶʮ£ѷɫ

ܰ°ĺãȻͲҪҪǵˣҲ˵Ǽˡ
ҶպɾͲڼҴţҲзݶˣΨԼ˲ɻϵˡ
رΪɲ⵵£ԼνɷѾкܴˣ
뵽ɣֲ뵽ոմǽʵ壬ֱûа취ȣڼﲻǳԾ˯ϵɵĲˣһץһѡ
ȴӵʮֽʵĸ⻹һνӴиˣԽľԽĴĿҲ͵͵ĳƳȥ
ȻҲüĿĿԼһۣȴһʮֱӡ
Լһƥ´Ҳû̫Ųţֻϸ۱ԼĻˣҲû࿴㣬ũ߸ȥûæ꣡
ôҵũˣʲôѽ
ֻ˵Ъȥɣɡ
һȻһĽվԭؽܲͶĿ⣬һҲûʵڵͷɶҲɡ
һЩũߵСԼֻ֣СٵĺܣʱЩۣߣȿˮ˳Ъһ£
һЩͻȻս˵һˣôǲǿǰҽˣҲ֪һ˿סҽݡ
һߣǸӵ˶Լҽ֣Ǻӡ
ԼĲǶģ֪Ϊɫȴͦԣһһ˵ǼһۻˣԲŽЪ㵣ۻôôãͲ𣿡
˼ǹˣеһֱӽҲ֪еȣͼı
ȻҪԼǰ¼ңû¼˯ҸڡǸˣͲѳֲסǸʲôˣ
˵û⵱·
뵽ɵһᣬҽݾôҪ
ϸ֮ҲˣһʼͺϲβˣϲԼģβ˱ѷɫܶˣ
˼ͣµҪͲ֮ǰɵģ˰ڲˣʲôԼҲ
Ҷ㵹ͦĵģǸѾͷģҪҽʲô϶Ǳ˵Ķ֣һɶ²ˡ
ۣ
ȻǸңȴǴ󷢣Լ˼˼ұȣֻϲ˵ϲǻسء
Ҳƽô۲ųΪͽܼ찡㶼޲ðͳ˼ˣ·ӵģ
·Ǽӣ۵ͷϿԼӣôҲı֡
ô˵˾أ͵ĶһҲںʵܡ
ϲѧòлӻô˭۸ǵͷ
Ҳûϻ𰡣ôƢһֱ̫õӣ˵Լ۵ĺʤ˼ӣ
뵽ָ͵ڸ·ҵͽܣһһڴŴɶأôܻôá
˼ҶһΪʦΪҸҲûк˵ȥɣƽҲϲôôҲһã㿴ˣ
˵˵̲סϺӣҲ缺Ŵ绹ѧϰ϶̵ʮ㡣
ȴʲô˵Ϊ·˦ˣһԱĴ̲סƽ¶
һ£ͻȻоҲһʱҲҪ佱ǱǵŮǿˡ
ſڱĽ͵ȻҴӲ˵Щû佱㣬ԺӺҵĺһ˿һǼģϿ
ҪǶʲô˿ֱ˵
ôΪģԼʲôôһֱƢʲôأҪΪѲǿ治ܹ㡣
һֱƢԭֻںһˣû뵽ˡ
Ҷ㲢ûʲôܺá
ôһ仰ͽȥæˣ浹ҲûţصҰ·Ǳʰһ£ϾҪסˣⴲʲôĵһ£бĶҪúã
.

߰ٶʮһ£Զ

ƿ㿴ѾڷڷڵĴ󴲣滹к죬Ĵվſڶܿ澫µĵ񻨡
û뵽ȻõƯĴϴְ·ϵĳıʰ¼
ƽҲϲˣϰŵĿջƿ÷ժ˼֧÷ƿУʱ÷
ʰ꣬ɫҲʼʼΪҶͦæϲҲͲ˹Ⱦˡ
ֻǼ򵥵ĳˣȻ׷ǲôͷˣΪţҪЩ
׷ٲȻõѡһٷ׷ɻоҲӶ
㷹˶ˣؼһֱҲͦʱһʱ絽ˣȴûӰȵʵڵȲ˱ѷ˷ţԼŵſôûء
һŲҪû߳ԶƼԶӰվｲ·߲سǻϣҲûţֻƾǰǶ˵˭
ǽЦŵһʱ﷢ģվߣ̸ЦĲǱˣȻ
ӿɸˣôһ£Ѳƽﲻ˵һ仰Ӷװģ
ҲûȥҲһյںҹʮԣûеһʱ͸㡣
˼˵кüӹĻ֮δһ仰Ҳû˵ŵߣ
һֱߵſڣ̲סڵ㲻ǺǸŮôͻȻôˣ
ǸЩעˣ͸֮ǰôֲҩһ֮Ͱˣʲôֵģ
ͦΪȻԼ̤ţȻ˦ˣ̬ȻһͻȻĲá
ԷʱҲΪﲻֻڱ̿ˣԣûҪһΪʲô˵˼
ҲԼŲŪ̿ӽɻûãҲΪ̫˵Եʣܾ¶ȱСǱҪһЩԶЩ̿
һԵҲеȻζȴװܶԵĺӣķǿȥģҲûз꣬ǿ߱һ뷨
꣬ȴûһ꣬õһϴȻԼ򵥵Ĳϴһ塣
ڼ￴̿Ҳû˵һ仰ɾ¶˵ˮţȥһϵϢɣһҲͦ۵ģ
˵ⷬԼúЦж˼Դײˣȴ˵۵ʲôɵӣǵġ
Ҳû˵ʲôվѳˮԡͰ׼ԡһԡͰһ߾죬϶ܹҸƿˣ
ʵǲ֪ԼĶĲԣ߸˵еˣһĻԽԽ򲻵̲סһˮȫǴˡ
䣬ˮ±һЩ̴ԡͰӲϴһһֻ־˹ԵĽ£ڻ
ЩԺſڱ˵ĪңǳˣŮ˵ЦģȻҸ˦ӡ
Դˡ
˵һʵȴӲķϵҲûУʲô׿ɳԵģ˭Ůһ·ҾͳԴף
ٲȻûвԼ˵ĻһζҲʮֿ϶˵ǳˣ֪
Ҫ֪ǰҲǽ״̬׳ûԴôܻȷأȻΪŮһͳԴףô˵ﻹģ
һο϶Ļȴŭֻ㱳˭ʶ𣿡
ҿɷôҲأ
ȥİɣкԶҹԶһûأĶɷ򣿡
ƵĿһ˵㻹㲻ϱΪûףҲûʲôģһסôãҲֻ˵ͬӣ
߬ϸ۵Ǵݲȵҿз֮ʵ˵ģôҲġ
˺ܾãޱ͵һ˼СĺˣȻҲ٣ĺõķݶҲˡ
Ҳ֪طûСôһ˵
.

߰ٶʮ£ɲ

㻹ôһ£ȴʱһͷߣס㻬۵ҧгݵô֪Сģ˭ģɷ򣬲ҵСġ
ޣһ£ȻָŲԼת׼˯ʵҲûô
ûоۣҪȻˣĹģٲԼôѹ᲻á
ۣԺȴôӰʵ˯ű˵ǸԲʲôˣȻĲҲͺôһ̫ˡ
˭Ӷ͸˭ϵõ֣Ȱ㻹ԶɣñӶûضޣ㱻ӾˣҪǻ׬ӣԲܱ
Ҫ˵ľͺôһ˵Ϲ֮ˣɻôҲҪȢؼң˫۾ξǷˡ
ˣѷɫ˲٣˼ϣȴ¶
ſڱ˵ûûԴףûԴô˵˼ҵĲǣ˵׻Զˣֱ˵ǡ
ôɣ˿ҵӾǣ
ޱҴ֮ŭӲǲϳԼԴһʵתȥҲ˵ʲôˡ
СӡˣҲ֮ǰɵСˣԼôģֻԼˡ
һ˯һԣһ۾ûټķʣԼԱߵ̿趼ѾﻹЩ⡣
·ûд㵽Ѱ㣬ڳ
Ӱǵ򶨵İԼûõ·òŻ˵ôҲˣҶ˯ˡ
Ҳʵۻˣ⼸˯һֱܳҲ֮ǰʱ׼ʱ
ѳʢ̶Ĳ˷ŵϣû˵ǿ˯ĸͷһ㣬Ǻ˯һ㻹ûˣ
аոǻ˵ĺҲۣҾرã첻һҪǻȥɻһ˯һء
˯ˡ
Ū˵ˮ˵껰ϴȴʮ棬Ҳû˼Ҫ˯û㣬̫ôˣΪƲԼȥˣ
ĻҲû̫ϣҲ֪ʲôػԼɵĶԼһЩǿ϶ģҲûܴ
ƽ͵ĳһٷȻʰũ׼ţճȴСܹһ㣬ȴԷһܲģ
ԭͻȻı⣬ܲ
ֻץס䣬ӲһƵģЩ΢˵Ҽҵ֪ʲôˣιһҲԡ
ȱȥҹȥɣ⻨ôģɲܳʲôӰ
ǲɫ֣ת˵ȥɣҿһƥǸʲôȻȥˣ
Ƴһ˵㲻üĻҲǸɲˣʵڲоͲˣԼҲС
˵ʲô˵˵ǾˣҲõռ̫ʱ䣬ԼһŮڵЩػˡ
ˣ˭һûõģ˵ˣҾǸɲЩػҲ˰ҸɣҲǷҪɲɣ
Ҳٸ໰ũ߱㳯ȥǸ˻ˣлᣬܺദˡ
ԽԽǾ˷ܣӶЩ죬ıֵģ̬ȺԴףȻںһ㡣
Եһߣ̬Ⱦۿɼ䵭ϧھɶҲ壬ȲԼȥ
˼ȵģֻΪĳʲô𼱻ǵģȻȵطһ˲ԶҲûʲôġ
ιĶʮֵĲվǰǰŵĶʱŷΪʲôϳԣ
ƽιĶǸɲϣǶȵζ÷ؽ˶ˣҲζϳԡ
ָ÷˵ôιǳԸɲϵģûζķܳڣȵĲУ취Ūɲݹι
ĶŪɲȥĸɲǴĶŪģ
.

߰ٶʮ££

б˾ҪռԭҪһɲˣ⻰û˵ڣתĶŪĸɲϡ
Ҳ̻صҼҵģɲҲзµȵģͷĻ㲻µȸɲιţͷٻõģ
ҿҲʵڶ˵ӣ²˳ϽȥɲݰɣҶˣûҾˡ
㼱ʲôѽôܸɣ»ôˣòôŻǶ˵ҲǺҪô
ҵæȻҪллģôôأȸҵǱǺú̸̸ģ
ߣһ֣һֱ˼ָĵطƣǣ֣ȴ㿪
һ㶼Ϊ΢˵ҺʲôĵģҪʲô⣬Ǿǰ˸ӴһҲûʲôġ
㶮أɷ˻ҪҶֶţ֪֪̲סо񣿡
˵̫ã̲ס뿿㣬ҿҲǺܺõӣαضصģ
˵ѾǿĳǰȥԼôһ㣬Щˤ࣡
鷳һ㣬ڿɵӣУԴ޹֮ҺһֱسǣҺòò㿴ֻ۵ģ
ҲŲĸԸ޸ǸҷϵģԴһμ㣬ҾҲˣôǸͷ¶Ĳ𣿡
ŪĲˤҲҲ٣νʹ˻ΪֻҪ¶ġ
ʱסҲ׾ٵˣǵ͹յģ˿˴Ķﲻá
һֱû￿̫˦ԼصǸԺ󶼲ҹӽˣ
ȻһСǿ˵Ļֻ˵Լжϲ˼Ҷǳŵġ
һߣһվڰԼʮֿįĹһȴȻ˵˨ĵطȽƫƧҲʲôӰ
һĻҲ֮˸˵ģͷ۵ͳտԼԹɣ˶ûע⵽ˡ
￴˴ҩһ˵ҲҪģԲֻ֣ܺ㹲ȴľͶνˣ̫ϲ
ұȲô׬ӣ磬ǶģԼźΪԼʤģԾ֪ˡ
ô˵ţ㿪ʼԼѣҲ֪ǰ׼õĻ·ãһ·㳨ˣ¶Բ磬ԼǷġ
ֱˡ
Ƕû˦ԼתҪߣڸ˵ȥˣҪȻƺϴˡ
ƺǱŰִĵزȥģҪܣȻô׷ʵû취ֻСʯӡ
ʯֱϵĽһһ飬˾ôڵأֻȣĶ׷
ﾯȰðؼһЩЩʯֻǴϣѵѣĵطɾֱˣҶ㶯ɱģ𣿡
϶֪иƵģвˣﻹ˧˧˿ˣȫûеġ
ֱԶûʽΪǸˣڿǲд֣
Ҫˣǿ˯Ҳð˯ˡ
аЦ·ϵŴӵϻվȱʯӴ򵽵ĵطǺۣһȳһߵġ
⻹û߽ţɣǳģһȳһյҲûбֳܹĵӣֻʵôˣôģ
ûиоǷĿ⣬ʮֲͷĻصҷûãԶȥ⻹ѽŸһ£㻹Ҹȥ
վԭشһҲ֪ôģַ߽ûڴɾջ֡
ѷԼ·ϲһѣһ
һߣæȻܾһĿʱʱ䵽Լϣϸעһ£ͬʱʱһۣ
ƺʲôԼӣƺʲôѴһֱû취˵ģ߽Ȼ˵ôһֱأʲôҪ˵𣿡
.

߰ٶʮ£λզ

ԥһ£ǵͷһǱػĹˣǳʵ˵Ҳ֪֮䵽ôˣҪעһƺе뷨
ʱ·ÿһģҸԶЩʲôҲҼȻԼ·
ɫʱﻹǵʵĺܡ
һҲ˵Ǽٻ˶֪Ϊʵ񣬴˵˳̣Ǽٻƪ䡣
Ȼô˵ˣô¿϶Уֻ㵹ǾȻ¸ԼҪ֪˵лģ
ƺǲµ뷨Ц˵Ӳǿ⺢Ӷǲһ£պûһ׼ҲǣѾΪȴ֣ʵ̫˵ȥˡ
㵹ǸŮˣֻҪŮһ㶼ߣɢ˼ҼŮˣôһѴ¸ԼҲûô˾ˡ
öлˣ¶ͷҾͽһ£Ǹʲô˼ɣ
ȴЦҡҡͷҿǶûκһ˼ûôϴգһֱڱġ
뵽СӿѧˣҪôϱǵȲŮһպ϶ܵģ
дñӣҪ֪Ůɷ¹˭˵׼һ󲻻ٹء
ĻҲֻЦЦ˵ôҲû˵ʲôеûľָȥæԼˣ
ҲķзʮַģƻڶҪ֪ϱɶرôġ
ȻȥԼ鷳Ǵ¸ˣԼǴ˶˵֣ôܴл
㣬֪ôһºͲ̻ȥѹû˼ʲôɴũ߶ǰԼûꡣ
ʱ򿴵ıֿտյվһߣԱ󺺣ũڵɻ
Ҳ֪Ӻ˵ʲôĵĶ¶Цûп˼۾˼ûϡ
ǳԴˣػǲǺﴮͨ˵ģȥ취ӽ㣬취Լ
뵽̲ס󲽳ȥߵ߱סٵĵطȥ
ôܸ˵Цģ֪ǰʲô𣿡
ͣ½ŲֻһֻݹٷŻյƵ鿴㲻ܸ˵ЦôͲˣ˵ˣЦһ£
ǰʲôҲ֪ͭ壬ҿ֪ĳһأôûһôͻˡ
ǲ֪ˣǸŮˣѾˣպӦòʲôֵˣ
Ҳ飬ģҲǱȽƽ͵˵ˣպٲ߽ܺˣҪȻҿɾͲҪˣа
֪йܽӴĻȻؼһ·ŲԼζжǺ𣿡
˵űӣһĿһ㶣żûע⵽㣬һҵĻ֮תߡ
һָ̻ģ侲е£û֪ʱڼƻʲôֻкȽϤ˶ôʱе㲻һѹȸУ
Դѻ͸˸һǸߴ粽ģΪ⣬ǲҽӽ㡣
ξƺԴСƢˣһЩСϸرĺãؼһ֪ˮ䣬ҲûԼϴˣ
ʱſϣԺϴµʵôͻȻôˣҶе㲻ϰˣ߽ҳԴˣ
ͷһֻۣһĿԼЦû˵Ȼ㶼֪ҵ뷨ΪʲôҪЩô
㶼֪ﹴˣȴŶûУͲˣҿǰ㶼ûҰ
ûУֻ֮֮ˣʼߵĽҳԴ׵ģ㿴ǳԿа׾Ҳ̫˰ǸСҶһ㶼ҪԴף𣿡
ЦҡҡͷΪԼﶼûô˵Լĵλȷǲôˡ
.

߰ٶʮ£

һϲҽݣǰ̺ߵҩأֱŵˣҲѹֻǵ
һ˵ðɣΪ̫඼ĸˣպעһ˰ɣɲٸˣ
Ҳ֪ʲôֻεҡҡͷǾԼûʲôãֵʲô˰ֲ̣ҩĺҽǱ߶Ҫһ
ֵܷһЩҲ㲻ÿæµģԼǱ׾ӣԽæ취֣ע
̫С˰ɣ
һһ䣬Ȼûڶ룬ץʱ·ϴãȻϢһҲͦ۵ġ
γԴ¼֮ıһЩ˵һʲôģϸжģ
ѾȴһܴŸֽǶľܾҲǿŭС
δҲ̫˰ɣȻҵ㻹ûʲô취ŮǽҪæĽ
һζܾ˿ͺ˵ȥˣҪٶֻǻвĻɲΪ¸Լƽٴһ£ԻǻͷҸ˵ɡ
ļ㶼æ飬ÿ飬ɸɾĳȥŪһ
ģ־ԺһҪѼЩܲôˣÿԺźӾС
һߣȴסԶˣԲ鶼˽ˡ
˵¼ֲãǸܼϱôͼӵĹҷϣ˳Ժʲôᣡ
ֻҪɳȥ΢㶫ûӻȴûУͷûӹ
ôǲ֪ڵæţȴСѾ߹峤һˣѾе죡
ϸһŷźѾߣ⣬ô˵϶Ҳˣ峤ȥģֻ
峤Ȼ̫Ըȥǰũ߶ԼҶ·ϵȥ峤һ̾˽
֪Ҵ峤ʲô£ýӵʱ仹أһҲʵڲ֪ʲô鷳ҪҴ峤
һֱڴ峤û˻ؼҳԷĵҶũ߻شˣҲڴĶ鵱Уţȴִ峤һڶһƬػָֻŵģ
һԻи޳УıȽϸߴӣвǱˣɷԬһؼҵĽŲ
кֱſʵϣ峤ڸɶһôô߶أ
ȴ峤ػ˵ⲻ뽨·סԽд峤ѡõĵطҲһƬˣȵʱһǵùҰæ
⻰˵ȥһûһӦģǺܾĶػҪ֪һɾûʲôˡ
Ȼ˿أ
ȴǲ²⵽Ӱ˳ԼŮŮģҲ֪ʲôӣȻܰԬҵĹӸӡ
ⷿӻûɣƵĳͶȥһ߰Ǻһȫû²Ǻܸ˵ӡ
⵹Ǻ֣Ҫ·סˣһ˵ģ
Ҫĵö֮һӸŴ峤˼ң׼Ӻóװѵظ
ֻ˽˵٣ͶӶϱּǿ϶ˣһܾͻ̰ᵽ¼ȥˣ
ôɵӸסԼôɵģ
һֵʲôãûصĿŮŮܳӶûﶼûһ˵
ҲҲǡ
ףԭìܣϱֱּң׼һֱùŮŽ·
մôȥ·סֻаһ취ոտӣѹ
ҹԼʰɾ֮ǰŷͻȻű죬ɻô˭ţ
Ҫȥţ뿪Ц˵²Ǹһ˰ɣ
˵˵ţͱ鲼ζǻͷװ˵ĵһۣʱģʲôɨ˵ģ
Ϊ˲ԴףʮֶĲϲӲֳһٷ֣ҲУֻҪԴס
û취ˣϾȳԼϣܲܿرԼɣɲǲԼģ֮ͳԴף
򿪴ţŮɫʱ̫ãҲûŵ˼ſʵôˣһ˷ûԣʲôұȥɣûա
˵Ҫţȴ£һֻץס˴ŵһߣǿаŹϣֻǻᱻлġ
ֻ˵ҾǽζϰˣأҪ˵ûǾ̫˵ȥˣ
̲סЦˣߵſЦǼҪĵô˵Ǿ͸ɲǽ谡
ͼϰˣôƽҾ˲ô㻹ںǵ㶫
⻰˵ǽһֱ׳Ȼǵ϶治ʲôǼ̬ʮֲãͲ̫ϡ
ˣϽһ㣬Ͻߣⳳֵģ
鷳Ҫĵϸ⻰˵һлһҲʮֵĲˬ
ǳģӽʵڲˣ㷴е˽ǶϸסôôſǰϹ÷ӡ
ҲɵﵥദĻᣬֻ㾹ȻָʹȥãԼſڿҲʲôģ
Ҽ·Ư𣿡
ͻȻô⣬һ£ײĻصȻִƯģֻסŮ˰СֿţסԺ
֪вˬ㻹֪ʵ˵ôŰƢô壬Ҫ·˻ˣҪ˵ǷݿɾǸǱء
ŽݽһҼͱҼⷿ˰˼ȥ취ҵ·ɣ
﷭˸ۣҼҪ·ǲм鷢˵ǸƷҲ⣿ǲܵģ
.

߰ٶʮ£

ѡĵط˷ûӰסҲʲôûУʲôôԶܵϣҪƧʲôûУ趫ҾҪӣҲҪϻسġ
Ļָģ̾ԼСŮˣһڴеĺլϣҪϻسǵķӣò˵۽ͦߵġ
ϧŮ˲·ֻôѴ֮õЩöκεŬȥԼȡԼ˫ȥȡҪһУ
ô㻹Ǹ־Ůˣ۸ڶֻֽʮֵƲ
ô仰ĹѾҪĶ˹нӹȴûżߡ
ֻŮݺݵ˵Űɣ̫ˣһһӵеĶ
һһ˯˺ĴסӳʳӣǸ̵ϰһЩ
üû뵽Ȼʼźݻˣôǲ˵Ѿ㹻İܰԼأ
ƾÿԲ󣬲ҲƵģȻ˵ĻôҪΪ˸
ŵϻصңϸԬ죬ǰ滹Цģһĺǳ㶫ȥôòŻأ÷õ˰
ŮŮӲϾ˼Ǽ·סˣҲһֱ÷ּ˵ˣɫͱ任һ¡
һ֮ǰôԴһ֮ΪԬİ˵λֱӵ߸˹
ﲻ˵ԼĳЬӱ㳯ȥﻹֵˣϽȥȥɵվʲô
Ҹ㽲øҺúٷ֮ǰôѳԣ㿴ôʰ㣬һƤţ
ЬʵɽϣеԵĺܣЬӴֱӱһĻԬɵð¿ˮ
ֻЬӣһɫķ羰ȻһȴЬӺݺݶϣŭҲźˣȥǰɣУ߾ǣ
˵תߣ߳ûԶڽԼͷһȻԬҲ֪ʲôԭ򣬽ղɳ׷ȻԬ
ֻԬͳһӵݸº͵˵ɩɩĪȰϵһ˵Ҳ̫嶯ˣϵܳڻҲ𣿡
˵⻰ʱԬһ˫۾ֱǰţ鲻֪һ缢ƿʵģȻǲԬǻȵ
Ҳ֪ǳʲôȻҲţôԬţﻹͦԺĻʮְ˵ģʱ
ԬΪλͻȻҪŽ·ݣǲ֪ƽƢĺܣΪûȥÿҺŷּһ¶ѹһͷʵ㲻£ؿɺá
⻰Ԭ˼ԬΪ˶˵ʲôǶԵģ̵ͷǻǹˣ⼸һֱ˵ڼûס̫ʲôġ
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ǴˣһȥĶ
˵ҪתߣȴԬ£ֻϸЦҪȸ㰲ŸסȻͷǲٻȥ
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ֻԼ̨ͻȻһСŵֽһ£ǹһʯͷԶڴ̨ϲŻһµ
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ⶼطϣֻŵֽϾȻһζһž͸еһεʼȲȥˡ
ѴϣȻںﲻ룬϶Ǻ㣬ŻҹĽȥ˽ᣡ
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ǵʰþʱһСʱأѾȲˣʱŵ˳ȥ
ʱﻹûˣֻһϵţʮֺصҶҲ֪Ǹ˻ôţһֱŵһֵζ
ҲҪˣдţĻϲĿͣҶ֪ˣ
.

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ｿЦһĵĽô˼ң
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˵Ļ˵ֱӽ˵ڵˣڵ϶Ҷ˹ڵҲиҶ̵淴ıȽ
ɲ£ǿźþˣò˻õĻȻǲװݵģֻʹֶΣϵ˳һһΣ
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ϧξΣ˸˵ξʵ෴ġ
ɫ΢΢峤Ϊ׵Ĵǿũȥɲɵľ·Ƭ֣ۼı㿴еҶһɫĶʮۣ
ֻΪ˭ǣ߹ȥһȴˣԶֻһɫİӣȵ߽ȴһ·Ů˵ĶС
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ʱĴûп·ŵŮ˭ֻܴдµ˵ţĶһԼյľȻط˯ҿ
һ·ǰǴ󵨵ֱȥøС֦·û뵽һȴһϤ
ʱһϺδȥŮ˲˭
ʱ˯𣬴ҳֵҲûаѣ峤ӶԶЩŮѶһ£
ЩСϱ˭Ը·ѸһɾŮϣŸҶ·Ͼˡ
̲סҡҡͷúõĸˣʱдӾͰһߣʮĿڵŮˣʲôԼ֪㣬·ҶԼ֣
ֻζЦЦʲôҲû˵ʱѾ˽ĸҴҸĻѾߡ
ɿҶŵʱˣǧӲûסԼɩӣΪֻȴӵ˶Ź
㼢͸˯ˣȻ￴һɶɾԼﶪˡ
ƢʱԼǸиǰȥҿݺƣİڳ˶һ
ƿֱӰˣҲ֪Ϊʲôоͷ۵ĺܣȻһ¿Լǰ˫ͨ粻ʵ磬ôˣ۾ӡ
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ﱾ˵ǸһȴģǵվԱʱǳסˣֻһԼԸԬϵ·ƿ
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һĲţɣֿҲʲô˼ˣָʵ첻ԼǲǺһˣȻŪԬ
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ﳯЦţһʤߵģ˿еֽ׷׳ĬһС
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ŵͷȥԼеֽСģţּȴʧˣֽϱɾ
ôأǿ˵ģ˵ʱּôûأ
ֻɫ𽥱ѿʱд˽û뵽Ů˾ȻԼСе뷨ȻȢôϱ
ʱԬҲ˹ô˿ҲһͺǳȫҹԶ㣬˭ģ۾ϣȻǵ۾
Ԭֱȥקʮʹĵʵҽһ⵽ô£ôɩ˯һ㡭
ڵҲ֪˵ʲôãδҲ̫˰ԼɩӾȻԼɷһ˭ܽܵ˰
ֻԬһſھͻصɩĸԸģҵģɲܹҰ
˵ɿһۣͦɻģƧҲûһ֣ôѾɶҲð
⻰ɵǳˣȥһصİƴϣһоԼۡ
һƲɽ˺üƣԼĴ˲ͣѾ߸ߵѪҺ£
ⷴԹޣϵʹеҪôҷұƾʲôң
ԼӻˣҪҸһӻѣ㵱ɵĲɣͻññӣô`ȥϱģ
ˣڳͬĸŮˣĿϿȥоʮֵ޵ݡ
һƴϣŭ첻˵ˣҪԣʲô鶼˵˳
Ԭ׺ݵƶסˣĵĴ·Ҷ˵һ仰磬Ԭߵǰ˵ĲܹңɩӹҵģҪǿʼġ
һݺݵԬȥʱ͹ԹԱ죬ʲôҲ˵ˣ
.

߰ٶʮ£

峤ҲǱֵͷۣĴ˵ˣһɢ˰ɣøɶɶȥ˼ҵļ¾˼Լɡ
һֿµĴҪץʱѵĻ꣬һҲһͷ᲻ߣɲǸʮ־İ̸ʰ
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ǰȥ·ϣ˵ֵеˣ㿴ﱻģ֮˵ֱӱǣ
һ㣬ô
˵ʵҲе㵣ĻֳҲȫͷϣûΪԼ֮Ҳнô
ûоʲôֻɺķӦ˵ϣ㿴ֺݵģϣҲ׷Źģ
Ҳǹã̯ôһҲû취
ͣϾҪʱԷʱ㣬Ҷʰ׼ؼˣȴ֪ĶһӵµҪϱˣҿȥ
ôһ仰ƽؾף˲֪˭ˣͬһӵǶũ߾Ҫȥ֣û뵽ɾȻҪ
һȲĿƣΪôǾȻʶˣֱȥ֣ʵû취ֻöĹ˺úøţҲһǱߵ
ǰŸߣһӿũ߱ܣû֪ȥˣڳôҲûע⵽
Ŵһ·ӱߣֻɺ׼廨֮󶪽ȻǺܴ󣬵ȴ׸ߣû˾Ծˣ
Ҳ֪㣬һֱƴʱûĵӣͷɢţеֱӶˡ
ϵ·Ҳ⣬õģѸ߸𣬲Ϊ˻ȥʱҲ˲ôˡ
ûԬӣ֪ǻ˻ôţҪǻҲĲңǸ˶йһҹˣҪԬҲһ£
ۿﶼסֽţϰ˴ʯͷΧֵҲûҪȥ˵˼Щ̲סˣֳֻﳤѵպʵһ㡣
ＴºʱҲȻ˴Ƕ߹ʱһȴһˣ
ֻǾǲɷˣˡ
˳ű˵Ŀ⿴ȥֻԬ󲽳Ǳȥ󻹸ͦŴӵ磬˻ߵĺԬ
ʱѾɺﶪУԬǶ˵˺УͨˮԵģǰѰϵʯͷȻӰˮ棡
̶̵ʱҲǱǺˣϰ֮һֱڿԸͣԬΪű
ֱסԬ½󣬺ʵʲôҳԼϱƾʲô
ƾˣǼ޸㲻ȴһֱûз֮ʵѾм֮ףҪ˵Ҳ˵ƾʲôҵŮ˳
ԬηĿɣֻһȭȴԬ׸㿪ɵûոմôˣҲ˰ɡ
һֱͽԬҲû˺ɫԬӰŮںεأô룬ĺȻﲻ岻ġ
ô˵Ҳˣﶪ¾ܵûз𣿺ôһô˵ɱɱ
Ԭʱ˵ͦе˵ǣУֻò˲һĲÿݽ档
ΪҲ֪ʲô㿴ǸŮˣʲôˣȻ뻤βˣ
ʱҲӦŭЦ˵Ҿ˵ôͻȻôתԸ񣬸ǿƯջԼҰҸûܡ
ɾֱߵǰĲӱȥʹ˳̵ľҪģûͿʼˣ
Ԭȥ
ȻͲһ뿪ʱȴһֻЬӴǰֱӶɵͷϣɵһ£ôһͽƵһߣ
ֻԶһ͵Ů˴һӹӴԼҲʮ꣬Ƚźãһʱɸһߣ̶ﻤ
ӻǳڣҿ˭ٶһ¡
ʣǸϸҲǳ˹ȥȥͺݺקסͷﻹǧŮˣĳȻ뺦ҵ
ҵ˭أԭɧˣŮ͵ӣ͸óˣ˼Ҷ˵ᣬҿŮⶼǸϲŮѧġ
ͬʾȥšĸףʹҲˣĸץӣ绹Ѿ߰˷ֿ˾в̶ͬȵץ˴ˡ
Ǵ峤˰ŮȻȰ˵Ǻúô죬Ҵ峤˵ɰ˴ˣȻǸԬӣͷֵˣҪʲôô
ǰһµķקŲҹŮҸõģԿûûεģŮ˱ô㲻µ飬ʱ˵ҪŪŪ㻹Ǹˣ
ĸ׶ҪˣǿѾܿʱǷŭ
ֻֻצӾȥŵǻʧɫĸ˵ϲҪģȻҰŮǸӣ㿴ҲŮӻ
ʱԬҲûκжĸװץüѪӡԬĺӣԬͶûһںˡ
צĸ׵ƽһۣǱ߶Ԭ˵ǱǸӸ磬㲻ô𣿡
Ԭ̱ʾģھͿ԰ӻҼңȻõĴϻϵƣȬġ
˻㻹ŸʲôϽ˴ŮȥǶһ𣿻㲻ǱǸĿŮһ
ĸ綼ܼɵҲûİ취»뿪˵ΪãԬǸȥܰҪǻٵɾˡ
ҾҲҪ侲һ£ʱȺĸסŰɣȴȥ򡣡
Ԭһͬ˵磬Ȼ󻺻߹ȥ׼ȻԬңȴʮֲʣ
ԲĻᣬرǵԬ־ͻʮֲ
.

߰ٶʮ£ӱס

뵽ͻȻӵϼһԵʯӣȻͳٿȥ
ֻһҽУ϶Ѫڻ֮ЦлˣҿλôˣȥԬңΰɣ
ֻҪɤһһûֱͦͦĵȥʱҲϽȥ
ԬҲǵһʱҪϣҪȻòȲ˵ָܻܲסһǺˡ
߶Ͽֵʱ֪үɿֻһ۱㿴ŭĲŻᵼ»ʣû뵽ɾȻô׵ĵ£
Ϊ׷ԬҲǲˤȻûˤǶ̥Ѿߺ˵Ĳ»˼Ǵ峤СӸ̧ؼҵġ
үǸ翪˱̥ҩȻæȥɰүЩˣ忪ʼ·ˣ
ĬĬүһһںæһһ䣬ƽʱ̫ˣעϢ
ɵĻүҲ˵Ǽĵµģֻ˵ҩʲôûˣûץҩҩЩͶԶ֣
ҲǸҩģէһ̵ָˣҲ֪ʺϸܡ
ҹɴ߿пͻȻ˺üһ뵽˵ɲµﲻеһɻ
ɿȫһˣôͲأ
֮ǰǲ֪ģ֪ԼеĻôܷҪȢϱء
ôĥţֻɵ۾Ѿһ죬ҪˮϽ˱ˮɸȥ
ɾһЩ̹еʵоôûкһ㣿⵽ôһ°˵ĶΪʲô͡
ѻ˵ɾͻȻܵӣתܣȥүٿûΣա
ṳ̂ſڴϵɾֻ˹ȥһѾҲǲ˯߶ĺиô
췢£Ȼ˯ŵģڴĬĬᣬû뵽ԬȻôƲߣ
ĶԬԬҵ飬ҲĹ˼ԼүҲûܾ硣
үְһȴǼôˣＱ͵ʵôˣôֻȥأ
ϿӦþܴ̼ҪȻֻ֮ΣոѹǲǺ˵ʲô̼Ļ뵽˳ĵ²Żȥġ
ɫѿǻ˵ǹһôˣǲǻܣڿô찡
ҿҩʱԣȻʱͲҪñ˴ŵˣʲôҪ˵侲üٶŭˡ
үǧģҲͷҲ˻ʱɡ
ڶ죬еûæñɢɢɹɹ̫ȴٴΧһƪʲôģ
ҲظոźãߵҩȴõһȥԲһеʱ⣬ĺãҩıЩ߸˸ɿ๤á
ҶŶһ㣬ҩֲӻǻȥ򹤣Ůڼ߻ʱ䣬˳㲹ã绹ʮϽģ
ߵȺǰʱ̸ɣǴҹүȥģһʹˡ
үȥ˵ʲô˵ɿ϶ֳʲô״ȺĲ²ÿǺòˣ
һֵĶʮͬ飬ò׻ؽȢϱҲˣԭΪԼ£ϱͲסįġ
߹ȥǴкǲǷŹɣתȥı顣
峤Ϊ׵ȺģȴмڵͷĲ커Ǹ
д񲻽˵֣ĸôˣôˡ
µģһ취סǣҪȻĸ϶ֵꡣ
峤һ£ڳȫ缸ǱΧȥʱ͵סȥ·ǺҪȥĶȴһͳذףݺݵĿˡ
ǽ˭ǸˣͱҶϽÿ
ĸҲ峤Ǵ˷ȻĸҲ˷ʱ䣬ֱúĻס˴ǣ
˷ʱ̫࣬һܵˡ
һֳУȻһѣҲû취ܲԼȥĸƽɣ
ҲûסǾֱɼҵţŹţҲţֱ˵֣ŵļСܾͿʼԼеļһʲѴŸһˡ
ôĶȻǰ˵ģһʱŵɫ԰ףǴǳǸʲôƾʲôҼҵţŲҸȥٸ
ҲҪⶾȥٸһҪͽΣҪõκõģںˣôôһ˺ۣҲ̣Ժô졣
ȻʮַŭȥһĶϣ̾͵˵ϣŶһʹ֮ɫ
ĶҲע⣬Ȼ˯ŵɣгֵ̾ͳ鿴һҪÿԼĸױһŵһĻ
ȥԼĸ׷ŭ㷢ʲô裬òǶѾԬӵԬˣʲô
һŭҲǰһӵı˳ȴ˵Ǹ˸ɵĺ£Ǻɷǳȥģ绮
ôһϣŶˣԬ˵ɶҲҪˣô죿һжǣ㿴ҽôǺù
˵űԺҵĶˣʱҲںЩʱҪܣȴɻק
Ҫܣһ꼶СӸ˻⵼ڵϣ϶ʱʹ֮ɫһֻŶӣ
иǾͿȥˣɻźأô˵Ҳ˺ĺѽǰѾ׷ˡ
뿿õԣǵ˵ԼȥֲȥۿѾѪ
ʱҲ˲ˣܵߣеˮĺҪסˣ
.

߰ʮ£һ

ҲҪˣȶֱȥү״̬ԵȲүˣĺֻǡ
Ҳ𽥷һҵſڣȥֻԽԽѪ
ʱǸקСҲǻһ£򶨵ָ˵ɲҺˤģԼûվȲˤģɲܹҰ
ôĶɾǻ˯ҲͱѣԼƣ壬ǽţ絹ڵϣЪ˹ﺰүһĻʱҲһ£
µһ̯Ѫʱ̲ס˫һֱӵżϣȥţΪװġ
ǵ緢ȥʱǲĺݺţﻹȻǸˣŮ˶һûؾԼȥˣ
ܿү͸˹˰̧оҲ̧ʬһ̧
ھʱү̲ס̾ϢСӣ˴˰˵׼ҲûӻˣǺαأ
ҲܽҸ˵ʲôүԼǸϽæȥˣһʱ֮ҵ˳һһѪˮ
оĸ˿̲ס̾˿ĺǱסˣϧӶôˣΪҸһûˡ
Ҳͦҵˣö˶һɻˣպһӻ֪ôأˣôֵزˣ
Ҳǣö˶һů죬ɹ̫죬ȴƻõķΧòײɼµĴֿʼˡ
µֱӾԬҵˣûԬ˶ֱӵˣϿޱģҲû֪ôģ
˵Э̵ģûԬ˾ͲԬˣӶô˺ȴûԬ
ûмԬȥĸԬ˵ûСʵ㲻ʲô£ԬҲϲ硣
ر֪δĺӻǸŮʱ͸ӲϣԬԼۣԬĨڣģԬﻹûԺܲ
ţԬ˱Լ˼ȸһ£ҲˣֻҪԼŮӦپԬһӣúõĸŮӣ
ﲢûôǮˣſڱ˵׼ң㲻ôɶӵĺˣûˣҲйġ
ô˵أԺô죿ҾȫǶˣֻҪӾͻָõģ
Ԭ˲˵ϲҪˣܲ˵׼ΪҪ磬ⴿǳ
ﻹΪԬĸ׾ΪСҪޣԬĸлֱ˵ˣҲʲôˣҲʲôˣ
ҲǼʲôҪòҲǺܳ黭ûһͨģһôͥҶ
ĴھҶеһ۵㣬ҪǿҶӺӵķݶԬҵţˣŲԵģ
һֱǼģû뵽ԼıŮ˼΢Ĵڣɫѿ
Ԭĸֽ˵ҪʶȤĴӦһԸǵĲҵʲôòǾȥҲֲʲôô
þòԸ˵Ԭĸ˵ˣ͸쿼ǵʱɣȻȥˣҸո˵ЩúÿǣͨȰȰŮŹҼԬɡ
ŴҾͿԬĸ׸սȥûþͳˣȹڵϣմȾ˲ٵԴԬĸ׾ͺ
;ȥһפĴ׷״ԬĸΪζһˣ˵ϵĴãôûһأ
ﶼ֪ٷ˵Ҫˣ²ֹҪԺôˣҲҪˡ
һֱҹһֵĴǲŷ׷׻Լң˹ȻˣǾȴʮֵĲɫҲʮѿһ֮˵ģ
о磬ԼѾߺĸԼǰʵԬأôûңô£һظ𣿡
СѾ죬һֹģæݸһ񣬽Ҫ죬˵ⲻԬҾǱҲһˡ
ûۼͣԾûȥ壬һˣʲôģȥź㣬ﻹи磬Ķôܰ
Ĭ˺һɤʵҸôˣ
ôҲˮ˸ץҩҲûİ취ɿɣʱ絽ĵطбµĴȥ
ʱҲݣǿ˵İɣһúӵģ˾͸ٻһӣеһصԬҡһ׷ŹһңҲøҸ
¶ɫҪ֪Ǿ׼˶òźò׻Ԭĺӣȴϣڶôʵȥ
˵صԬңԬĸ˵̾һ粻ܼҲ´ܣҪţ˵ʲôҲס
ҪȻ϶ҲҪ߻ԬָˣߵѾ߻ᣬźһ㾭鶼ûУ
ܰŸЩӻĻԼǱ߻иҪźùͷһ㣬һˮûϡ
ϣѾЩԵĶ˸˵һɣȻôܳŵסأԷóԷһֱԣٷ˿϶ġ
˵˵ǳһڣûθǾǿаʳʣ
ӲŶȴ˴򿪣Ťͷһԭ̶еʳܵǰء
ǧģôʱŻ֪֪ӶˣĺӶûˣ粻أڻʲôҵ
ίĺܣǲ˵ûĴ˼ˣֱץס˦һߡ
ǹˣҲô£Ȼ󼱴ҴҸϻ㻹Ҫô죿㣬˼ҶúõģôһֱЩ߰£㲻˼һԼҪԬؽӣֶܳ۵飿
Լﲻʾ˵ǵĴԼСӵҲµȥ֣Ԭˡ
.

߰ʮһ£μ

ҪȻûԬҲ˽ᣬôˣǲ֪˼ͷϰɣ
ôԼӵģȻɡô㶼֪ӲԼô࣬治Ǹϸĸס
ǸϸĸɴСĹΣĴҴץҩȥģ˼˵ң˵ˣҾĸףҲǸŮˣ
ôҲȥɵܲŮ°ûҲ밡
ǻָ˭Ǻϸĸĸʵ˶ǰ԰ˣɵķ￴ɣȴֳ˯˹ȥ
˵үҲûʲôеʱȥϿ򣬵ϾҪߣǼϹġ
ȴǲԸ⣬˵ʲôڶˣôӲҪɺһٴȥϣ
ȴΪˣǲʱ˵ûˣȻͦҵģģҲԼΨһĶӾôˡ
һҪϴȥҲʲôɱߣһϹͷˣȻʼûԼˤˣ
סɴˣһԵѾֻðοͷİɣū澿ٷ˵ĸ׻Ǻܹɹӵģ϶չ˺ġ
ҲһЩǣ˵ˣٷ˵ĸҲӣչӻ᷽һЩģ˵´λɹӾͺأ
µҲֻôοԼһȥûٻһˣҲһûϢҲûУеסˡ
ɴиѾչţԼȥһȥɣȥء
ǸͲסĻ磬ⶼüȥˣҲûԬһˣԬҵ˶ûһҹ˯ŵʱѾô졣
ʲôô粻̫ȴ˵ʲôԬҵѾߣҲһֱ磬ҸҲûʲôӹ˵ԴҪ
žûǶ˵ʲôȴоһйʼ֣Ԭô˽ȥﲻڡ
ѾһıȽıʵ֪磬ʼȻǲѾ⻰ģ⼸ķƽ˾Ҳ֤˵Ķģ
ΪûиԬĸһظҲʲôĻˣֱӺߵѾ߻ȥˣǵԬĸϡ
ûֱӰѾȨһ»ǾԬǻ֪ô˵
ԼһַǱѾ߿ˣʵ֮ѾԼİˣʱҲûʲô˿Ȼһ·ģ
Ҳסˣϼ·ȥԬǸʲô˼ôôã˵ҪԼͲҪˣ
ϻ֮ʱıͷɢһߵӣӰ¶ûУȻǸ죬Ȼз紵ŵû˵Լ·Ѹ紵ʲôӲ
ץסļеʵȥûмԬˣѾ˵ԬҲҪСˣ˵ǲģ
ǿЦ˵ɶɵأôأѾأô˵ֻ
ѾˣԬ·ûп𣿲УһҪԼԬ̽ҪҾֱӻظˡ
ⶼˣݺԬݣôȥ϶Ҳа취ˣôأ
ħһﲻͣ߶ţҲǺֻۣ뾡취˼ҡ
˺ð侲ʵҸôˣҵôκ𣿡
ᵽ̾˿ûУӵĴ򣬿ÿ޲ߵģسǵĴ򶼿ˣ˵ʲôĲҩҽȻȥҸȥ
иˣϽҸȥ
絽ɵãûҲǵһЩģﰵģѾ˵ǲģһҪصԬ
ΪԬҲΪԼĸƴһѣԬһԼ΢ԼҸ˸β
ֻﾹȻ˵Ǵ˵ǸڶھǣǰȻʮǧģĶôȥģһ·̲Ҫ٣
˼ǿǸˣ˳ֲȿͨҪۿ϶ߣڳľӰǸӲ٣ûˣ
׺ݵһ䣬ֻҹˣȥɻлȥϣȥֻôˡ
ɿӰԼ˼˵ɶҪȥΣǱòӣܿûȥҸˡ
ôһֻԼ취ˣҲûָǸĺó
ů磬ĸŮ˾ʲôҲû˵ڷ֪ĶŪôӣһڷ硣
֪нա͸ôӦԬĸٸԬκξȻ˵ʮֵĲƽȴΪԼŮһ½Լġ
ϧ˵ʲôˣǸԬĸ϶ٸôõˣﻷһԼңѹûʲôֵǮĶ
ͭǲ٣ﲻٶǼ˸ˤϡ飬ǰѼȫĶˣҲղ˶ӡ
ԬµǿˣʱҲǻ˺üʮģȥҴ峤ѵظ˵ҲܰǼʮûȻҲܴնǶ٣
뵽Ͳһվһֻ߶߶ֹŵʲôģȥˡ
ʱҲû˼ԼĸȥȥҲɵӣȻ֪Լĸ׿϶ƭԼģԬа˳ɵĿǲҪˡ
ȻԬĸһֱûɫԬһֱǸҳҲûʲôõģǲģôܾôĸԸأ
취»صԬܲԬϲѾҪˣҪĲԬٷ˵ĵλԬĸҪܻȥһԬĸùˡ
ʲô취أֶûС
ԴתøϽ취УϾҹζģ˭ܱ֤ôԬǲ»أ
Ǹ˵ûĵĺܣһֱ֪ԼĺʵԬ˵㲻ʲôŮҲüֻҪԸ⡣
Ƕ˵ȴҪģҪȨͲƸΪԼδĺӱˤǸˡ絽ڿɻμ
.

߰ʮ£Ĩ

綼޲óѪ粻ȷ˵ĶģȴȷǸһ⸽ľͶˣ
׻˵ӱʮ겻ԬҵٷٺúǸ˺Լû˺ˣ
һߣڵҩģȴæ˹û峤Ӱץ˸ʵ峤أôû
ӣСҲҵſھͻص峤ˣ϶ڼϢʲô
ҲûлشСӵĻԼתش·ȥ֪峤ڼңһˡ
ƽóﲻϵô˾ȻҲûʲôģһе㲻ˣ׷ֹҴ峤ʲô¡
ﲻкĵĴѴ峤Ķӻؼҿȥʲôˣ峤ĶҲû˵ʲôũһԼҸȥ
ð峤ĶǻˣʵôҪʲô
ֻ峤Ķε˵Ϊ˴Ӹβʵû˾ʹǰǿػҵҵӻá
Ǵ峤𣿡
϶˰ϾǸɿõģҲϸҵưոݣҪӵʱ̬ȺõĺܣҪ˵ɾҪˡ
ҲǱˣǸʲôӣΪӸβҵǵģŵҲ
ﲻͷ˲ɵͷʹ˵ʲôģҪ˵ƽˣⱨӦ˰ɡ
ŮŮϱˣŮסûȥӻǸµķˣڻİҿô
;ʲôû˵и죬еؾͶֺҩģʱҲǸûسˣʲôҲ޹ء
еⲻȥˣԺѧʵ㣬û뵽ǣôˣҲɣҸʱʵˡ
죬Ӵ峤һʱһӣŴδйĸˣҪ֪ϿȥӶϵˣ
ϧͱӻˣҪȻҲҪҹеʱϵûжĲ
Ҫ֪ԬҵӲ֪ϵĶٱЩѾǺܶˣȥɽ·ԶģЩܻ
ﲻɵʮַ˵һҲܻȥӾûˣôöóȥûҪôŪ
Ȼȴļĵ˵ڵİ취ֻһֻҪĸϽһصԬһа취ŪЩĲ˵ٻܰ쵽ġ
ڻʲô취»صԬأڹȥǼҵĴֻ¶ᱻߣԬСĸ׵ģϲҲôﶥŸɰ
ο˵Ҳòܺã˺ҲȴǰÿˣʲôԬ벻ֻ˵ģû˵ڰˡ
ʵҲûʲôõİ취ԼĸҲԼѣӸɿĵġ
ߵ·ˣֻԬӲȥҸ˿ػԬҲôѣ
ĸŮôһֱҲûʲô취ֻܱһԵ뷨ȥԬһ棬ڶԼǸʲô̬ȡ
ﶼ֪˭ĸŮȥϼԬ֮׼ôúϢһ£ûθڳ׼ˣ˸ԼҴȴõ졣
ŵһ飬ΪǰɱˣҲóȻȥֱż
ϸϻ϶ɳʲô£ЬӶû㼱Ҵȥš
ĵһŭ˵϶첻㻹˼˯ӴնˣϽ·ȥϣٵˣøϽϾǸβȥ
Ҳֻյʮ⻹ǰǰǿֻȥģͲܿҪһ𣿡
ＱöҪˣص̾һһɣܿҲǲܳһ㣬ֻȵİֻӲˣ˼ǲҴȥǿ
ǾҴȥˣʰܿǾͳ
ԥľʹӦתҪȥʰȴֽסһɬܿϳӣϵЩҲǺܶడ
ҲֻóʮӣϾǷݻҪһӲܿȥرȶøЩҩ·ϳţһʻ
ô죿ɾôûˣ
ʱöˣȴ򶨵ֻһ취ˣȻе㲻ʵҲһԣĺܺã϶ٲӣȥ
ͻȻϣ۾֪뵽ʲôҡҡͷ˵ҺǹϵôܸӴȥ𣿡
ǲҲһ°ҺһȥҲһЩӰܲɾô˰ɣ
ûийʲôرìܣ˵ʱرɣûһ˼ʱеͲͷ
קȥҵʱҲûж࿹ܣһǶӱҪôһأֻϣյķݶܳ־һɡ
ﱻקʱ׼˯ͬʱʾܾȣҲû˽Լļţֻվſʲô£
ڵЬӶûһ˫ֻӵĽžͲںĵҲ޶ԣ⵹ǰĶ죬ĽҲǾġ
ֻǲ˼ĿڵܸܲЩӣȥҸβɾʣһţʵڲٵˡ
ǲܶ಻ãֻܹæ㿴ܲܡӣҪһ㣬˵ɶҲˡ
ûи˵ǰĿϣֻʵʲôҪӣòʲôϵҲûаɣ
ɽ·ԶģʡԼһ㣬Ҳͻʮʮӣ֮ǰôӣ˵ӶûУ
ȥǣҲˣȴܴպ÷紵ɹİֻʣһˣ·ϻȫҩء
յϣٰһΰɣ֮ǾԲôôҲôĸ硭
ֱ˵ҪôŸӰɣǺ֮ǰ㲻ֱӰЩ඼ңһֱĨǵģżӡ
.

߰ʮ£벻

ѻ˵ͰƵһԼһ˵Ļ˵̲꣬סЦˣ
ҡҡͷЦ㻹С֮ĶȾ֧֮ҿû˵뷨аʲôֵͼжҡ
ôҵȥЩҲټƽϣҾǻǾˮˮȽϺãҲˡ
˭˰
ûлڸȴŵûдЬϵôôǱվԼſڣ
ɻ˹ȥקҪ˵ǶЦϣҲˣϵĴϢˡ
ôʲô¾˵ɡ
ɲһףν²Ҳ֪˹϶£Ϊ֪ǱԼ߳ɷˣ
Ǵʾõ̬ԲΪ£Ҫ֪ɲµ龭ֻͱˣĶ
ֻݵ˵ⲻɶҪŲסŰ͵Ǳλ˸βϵԹһ㣡
ǰǸʵͽˣȴʲôףȻ֪ƹǮƵģԸ˵ʱӵĿǫ
һԵǺڵĳӶˣ뵱ǰô΢ģȻǰˡ
֮ǰү˵ɾǼôھҪˣ
Ʋ˸⣬ǶôҪеʮɻҲڻᲡ̫ذ
ҲεĻص˭֪أسǴ˵ĵʲô˼ҲףʲôĲ˼˵ʲôĲҩҽ
ֻȥһ˼Ǹһ棬سǴǸ˵Ļͦ񣬾˵ֻҪȥǸһ治óҩͻ
Ŷԭˣ֪Ǹ˾סھĶ𣿾˵ǿǴĺš
ĲɵһʣȴɵʲôĲ뷨϶ǴڽӴûˣ⵼ĵᣬصĻ˵Ҳûпܵġ
뵽Ⱦʹ־ɿʱôһţû뵽ֱˣʡԺĹң
ǲˣΪ¿ˣ뵽¶׼ɣǿûС
˵ģسǴеǸ˿ܶһЩ˵ѧԴ򿪱˵ĽᣬԲŻмһɾͻһ˵ġ
룬˵ӵҲǲֻܸи֪Ǵ𲻴Ӧ
æĵͷ˵˵ֻҪܰģ϶ʹӦˡ
ЦЦĿﻺ˵ܼ򵥰ֻҪպһ۷ʲôҺͳˣǴ𲻴Ӧ
кѵģǴӦǡӦسǾڴϾͲôˣȻӦʹ졣
ﾯĿһۣܾӦʵ̫ʹ죬о֡
ٴʵԸӣ㲻ǺܿԼӲһӶԸǵôô
׬ܻţֻĲװ׸ӰˣڲͬˣֻҪûµ鷳ôӻ徻ʮֻġ
˵ҲеǵͷӦˣùǵͷҪ﷢¶ģպٹǵ鷳ɵУ
֮ɫĺѿʱͲˣָ˵һպͷ鷳أǻôˣδҲ̫˵ȥ˰ɣ
㵱˭Աһû°ÿæĺܣû鷳ϽķģһûڣԸӡ
룬׻Ƿ˶ģһֱӶҲڵ񣬶ʮ׼ȷĶϡ
ﻹųǮӷ㶣㿪ʾɵŸʲôϽɳȥǣɾûˣ֮ǰǵðЬӴϣ
Цţ·ܸһҲ˲ô࣬ôתˡ
Źϣת㿴ЦĺòãǵӻԼԺһ徻֪պ֪Ǳ߳ɲٵģԼ鷳ô룡
˫۽ĿһֹۣһСӵϢˡ
һ·Сܻؼңû˵ʰԼɵ·˼æʵʰɶҪȥĶ
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߰·磬ǸСչ˲Լһ
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һԵûոʲôԼ˵ҺȥģһҲõˣȻô˵߾ߵġ
ôһ˵ղͬˣ˵ڶǴĵˣ峤þ֣ͻȻ뵽㡭
Ҳ֪ͻȻ뵽ʲô۾ôͻȻסˣʱѾʰңֹ缸ͼҴҵȥϴɳǰǡ
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ڵڶ죬һ֪ȥǿˣⲻص㣬صȥĿǾǣǿӽ¡
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ҾֻһˣԭҲţһû»һ£˵ǰ˵Ԭ˱˿ܻţȴˣ
ȥԶĵطһµʱ䶼زôȻûչ磬ȴԼҡ
ֵ˵һ㣬Ԭ϶ǻزȥˣҪȻôһ˹Ĵң
νɢ˸ûҪ֮ǰͽŵϸҲˣڼ˵׼ǻȥţ
ȴŰҹһֱţҲ֪һڼҸʲôҪҵĳﰴʱð̣һΪ벻ء
.

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ÿζմ峤͵ʳ֪಻ûѹǴֲ赭峤ϱÿζܿ磬Ҳһ˺úõģûҲˡ
ΪӾôһոһգæµĹȥˣȴû뵽ƽСׯﾹȻ˵
ΣΪ״岻ЪϢߵԿ׶ó׼ˣȴķԼžȻûϡ
ȥ֮ǰſϵģʱԼҽֿȭҲҽȥ·߼˿ʯͷ
ŴʯͷŸҽţСİѼéѱ˶ûҵ˵Ӱһرҡ
Ӧǰûü̫ණֱˡ
㶪ʯͷһ£ԼĴСӶһ飬κжûŹϧÿλش㶼װ󣬲̫Σ
ֻͷ纷ãŵҲһ죬ϴѣ˿Ѿ˶˵ϡ
ͻȻеңƺǱǰ֮ǰͰԼδģȫ
ܹһΪǰȥԵʣﵹûʲôʧܵϼһûбĺۼ
ֱӱù߰Լϵ˿ˣһ滹һʵĶȡ
ԶˣеϧؼǴ˯һģǼû˻µ㻹¡
Ȼ˯ʲôǰԼ˶ڵŪ˵·ϴһ£մЩֻϴϴѱˡ
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̰Ѽ峤񶼺𾪣ǺټΪǰᣬҲЩ̿֡
˻ǱǰѴ˼Ҷ˿⻹ֻܲţֲҩĴҲЩɢӵˣ
ҲûеģҲΪҸ˹ԼļңǰҲνˣЩ߰ĶֵǮĵûʲô
峤Ҳؼңʱ֯үڴѲһ£ǼæܻؼҿԼû⵽˵ǡ
е㱻ŵ˵ӣǣֲ˼ţصʱѾʰãԼմ·
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ÿҵĴţ绹СһЩˣһһڼʱûʲô
Դ˵ĻһҲ֪ҸѲӴү˵綼ԼŸ˯ѣѣͷǾˡ
֪˲ûйҴһҲĵ뿪ˣҹи㣬ƪϾе㱻ŵˣ
Ǵӵʱ㶼ˣĵʱҲ֪ԭֻԼ
ļʲôҲû٣Ҳ˵ӱսһûüѵʲôˣȥԾͲֻʵˣ
˵Ҳ˵ģҺǰˣҪȻһ˵Ҫ꣬峤Ѿ˲ڴİ
ǵٻæĶæˣҲٳڵæţ˶ûС
ŸĵʲôʱسˣѹǵĹǮһ£̸ϻسǡ
׼ǵӸûسȡһӣȫСģһʮӵĿ϶ǲеģ
һͿȥأڼǸѹǵĹһ£ùʷĿˣĻǾͻسˡ
ڴʮ˻ӭߵô쵹ôǾͦģǺúɣЩĿù֮ǰжѹҲ׷׸пڿǰˣ
ҲûᣬϾҶͦ۵ģҲû͸Իؼȥˣϴ˸ȥ˯
ڶһسǶȥǡҲ׼һˣһ͹ܲԼȥ
磬ƺô֮Ƣû֮ǰôˣ˿ԴҲ֪һЩˣ
һӦȥһˣϵʱܲһ˻ȥԬ費ҪԼһȥȴŲԼ
ô͵سǻԼȡƱȻȥǮׯСӻͭ壬磬ʧʱԬҵſڡ
ûоԬҵˣ֪Ԭڲڸ棬һֻԬĸڸ˵ҪôԸأ
Ҫ֪ԬǸֶεģɵľˡ
Ҳ֪ȥĶԬֻܶԬȺԬȥˣûԬһ档
һȵڣ綼ûеȵԬϵ¶½˺üȣûдʲô·Ϲůֻһ˶ںڰӰ
Ҳ֪ǹ˶ãҪ˯ȥʱȵһϤ̧ͷһֻԬһˤСˣ
Ԭһ缤ˣ̴ӺڰվǰС˸һǶ׵̫ˣԼȶˡ
ͻȻվĽŲûվȾˤˣĵԬȥﻹʮָ˵˵ԬڵȵˣҵȵĿ࣡
ⲻϵô
СԼԬе˼ԬʲôӴ
ȻоС˶ԴԼ֮ǰ̬ͬȣûСˣһһԬƽԬҲŬ۾ԼǰŮ˭
֮Ŵͷ˵Ŷ簡⼸ĶȥˣҶû㣬ѽڿоƯˣɲ֪ǸҶá
ѪģˣӺüٷûθڳԣҿˣڿرĺÿ
˵ԬһĶģҲЦһЦ߽Ԭʵôô춼ûûҪȥͲ𣿡
ﲻȥ˵ҪȢõӣ⼸ɶڼˣ֤ټ㣬ŷҳġ
.

߰ʮ£ҩ

Ԭ˵Ż˸öʱ;һŨҴ̱ǵľζԼǿŵζԬӹ˵ӣǺ˶ٰǸϽؼҺȵȵɣ
ۿסԬСȴԼ֣ƿĺ˵ﻹСɣӿɳˣ϶סģٸһˤˡ
ĸͷͷסˣҸһ˷һ߰ɡ
ģС˼ԬߵĸڣͽסԬұ߶ĸ첲СҲٶ˵ʲô˳ĬŰԬԬ
Ȼ綼ԬԬҴſˣŵȴ⣬С˺Ԭ˽ȥ
ŵĺǳҿүǾҲҽȥ
ֻЩĿС˶һɻ˵үôһôǵˣû˸
һʮĿһ總͵үҪȢĿޣ޻ûţûҰŮ²Ǳ˼ҷ˵Сܳ˰ɣ
пܣǸϽ߰ɡ
˵ǸСһƵ磬Ȼž̸ˣ类ˤĲᣬټ岻̫ãûվֻԬĴŹϡ
粻ģȥͺݺԬĴţСô˵ϰݣð˰һȻнŲ
֮Ԭű˴򿪣Ԭĸߵֺ˳һƴϣ
˵ģ˵֪ûĶǷ˶Ѿ御ȻҹϢ
ҲԼǸʲôҪòûòģֶʶȻ֦ͷˣʶȤھԼϹҪȻɱǶ㲻
˵СƽֻЦ˵ʲôᣬҲûжǹӸ˼֮ʵ
ȻҵףôһֲӦӦ𣿾Ϊҳ΢͸ñôԴ𣿡
԰б㻻Ҫ㰡ҸطˣȻѡ˼ҿʼ
ֿ̲סЦС˶޼ɵķЦʱǵ绹Ǹ߹ء
˱˵ĺӣȴˣԺûʲô˼ټˣⱲӾôˡ
ֻ޵ݣҧԼ촽촽Ѫ·𶼸оһ
ԼҲһ׺ݵĿ˹ȥʱСһµҶԶһ㣬ٸſǾ͸Ҵȡ
ȻһֻƵıС˼ŶԬԶľ룬ʱ۾ƺѪЩͨ졣
ͻȻǷһСеһҧһڣ˼ҵĸ첲ҧѪˣС˽еʮִһС˶ѾɵˣҪʱһߡ
òɿˣǴѪʳ˵ĶһĿɭ˵ȥǵӣҲưոݵģ
СŻˣҲôȻתͼҴҵˣǻ׷ܻȥʱʱʱͷһۡ
ߺԼǵѪɾȻӻͳҲ֪ʲôֻһᶨԶȥ
ҹģһ˺Զ·һԬ
صسǣҶûżؾȥҽݿһۣӱϿҽݻǺġ
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ɣؼһǰҽݣصվǰʱͺʦŵԽҽݡ
һͽҽݵĴų¿ʼץҩˣҽݱʰĸɸɾģԽԼͽܸе⣡
ȻҲʹԼڵʱû£ȴûУв˹ǰһ쿴ûڶûС
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ΪʵļˣԼۿҽ鿴ʱҲûйȥҽģøʱ䡣
벻ǣǿһ㣬ҽݿؼû»ҽ鿴⻹һθеˡ
ߵԱ£濴ҽʵôÿ𣿴˻ҿɸ㽲Ͽװ۾ģ
ŤͷһЦסһֻЦԼﲻûôÿĻΪʲôôҽ
˵ѣһ쿴ҽеĸ滨ݲȤϽҲȫ棬ҩʲôһġ
кټҩͻʮֵϡ棬֮ǰڶϵַĩȻ»õĲҩƳɵġ
.

߰ʮ£ȥ

ҲѹϻԬֻҪ»õҩ۾˳룬Ԭб
ֶкܴã͸ôһͷʹѣʱﱻôƾͷʹҲֻΪǱ˴ġ
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ӾôһæµĹȥÿ춼ҽŸ˰ۼҽݰѱҵҩҽⶼˣǸסʼ½ҩˣ
ͬʱǵûоòãһҪ֪Ĳ˼ҪˣҪǻҽҩ̽۶Ųסˡ
صس죬æؼһҪӣϲѧʫ鶼̵ܹˣ̺ѧϰξļϣ
ûʧʫſھΪԼ׽кã㶼ôʱͦĲɵġ
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ֻԼһпվ˵˵죬鶼ˣȴǳڸ鼮
⵹һ£²ǿ鿴ɵˣϱ˰ɣ
ֻоСԼĶͷһ£ҲûհôͻȻתأ
ſʵôˣ춢Щ鼮ҪʳˣôͻȻôƴĶЩ飿
ҡҡͷ͵̫࣬ſҽ飬ԼҩҲֵܰһЩЩ顭ֻǶʮϤˣܸоֵֺĸо
ͷϿȥֻϷεĵ伮оһЩʫ˵ʺʫ
Ҳ֪뵽ʲô㶢˵ϸоһ£һʲôֵĸоаԺûʲôȥ
ҡҡͷͷе鱾һʧ˻ģϽ鶼Ȼתעİӿɵˡ
˯һڶָģҲǷıһǰȥҽݡ
ҽݵʱžȻǹŵģҲûκλӦ⵹е֣
˵ţȴ֣ܸ˵ӣﲻ֪߬ʲô
㣬۱ǣȻŻҽݵŴ򿪣ʵǴĶģ²ĸСкİɣ
һ죬ߵ˵ʦᣬʲôСкӣ˼Ȣף˶ǣȥ˸֣Žӵ˼š
ˣҲǸСŮޣڰͣȴҽץҩӦðƻˡ
һȥ浹ҲͦãҲû˵ʲô
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֮ûвˣǰţҲˣһʱ䣬һŮӼس·Ҳûżؼң
ҽݴسǹһ£ЩûȥԣȻʱҲͰʱ࣬۾ͦĵˡ
һ·ͻҽݣŸı䷽ԼļңΪԼſ˲ٵԵʣԶͿ˶Լſڣ
ǸߴӰоʮϤ߽һŷ֣Լǰ˲òĴ
ˣȴֻǿһۣɴֱԼҵſڣɰˣԭΪ岻ǵԼˡ
ȴͻȻԼˣϵǲֱӿˣ
ĿƨƨߵĹļ˵аֵܣû뵽㻹أոҶûϳ
òˣҼҵȶˣϵĶ˰ɣǽ˵
ǼֵһԼߣ˵Ҳϲʦأѧй
ֻѽҿǵкüʱˣʱȥĶҲû֪سǰ¸Ǽһš
Ǹǵ飬ǻûյŵҲ̫˰ҿӱ޸ϵҲʮ죬ⶼ˻û͵
㻹ûյʲôţЩҪˣָϽŪ˵ԵģôãͶĹˡ
Ҳлϲ˵ˣֻԼİһҲ֪ǰŵʲôȻ˵һ
Ѱ򿪣ʹɻĴ˰ȴŲԼ鱦
㿴һ壬һʱȻǲȥҽˣҪ֪뷨ǻѪ
Ҳܹ㣬Ҫѽ鱦һǾٶʵ̫һٷ͵ɹģˡ
ϵĽ鱦ʵЩǡĶģ
ȫˣײıˣ֮ǰ˵Ÿ㿪ھ֣ǻҲмʱҲûӡ
ûϼңҰЩµĶɶûˣǿһ¿ھֵˣ
ǸˣΪԼֻˣѹڣڿھǵʮָɴİǰһƣһı顣
һΪھֿأȻشôණˣǻͷٺú¾ôɣȺúóԶٷЪϢһ
Ҳۣ׼ɵʲôǡˣô׼¿ھ֣Ǻˡ
˺Щƣʮ·ҲеˣԱҵĿͷ˯¡
еˣʵҪھֿ𣿵ʱǲҪܣ
ԼҲ˵ϲɾʮ¶ԼһˣԼôæӸûҪƵġ
Ҳ֪ʲôȻĵͷȷҪھˣȴ˵ĺˣܾܲ;ȥسھ֡
ʵҺҲˣھֿҾʹسھ֣ûûҵûûŮģ͸Ѻʲôģ
˵ͷһЩˣһǻѪԼɳһɾٲͬе˵ȥˣ͵ͷͬ⣬ȥɣ
.

߰ʮ£лټ

Լ᲻һ쵽ţԼϱô㣬ֻ֪Ҫһ뿪㣬̻ġ
ڶ죬㲢ûмȥҽݣ˶緹һ㣬Թ緹Ҫȥҽݡ
ûҪһȥˣԼҲ֪϶кöҪȥԼһȥҽݣ
㻹⼼Եú˷ܣָıӰ˵벻þȻ㱾£ðԺǴ˳ȥѺڣõȸǵһ
ñһۿǵھֵˣֽǵڳүҪھֿ
ǾԼбҪѧһݣԺٺ˵ǰǺһأȻ󽨳ھ֡
кʵķҲֱȻ֣ھ־ʽˣ˵سתһ
һʵĵطسһټݣȵʱɵģȵʵ۵ʱ͢䡣
ҶѺͽ˽ӣûٰѺ͵ݣ͵ԵĳŲסˣ׼
ǴһסҲլԺһѵıһĶĶжٵطǸסģһֱҲû
ýˣͦӣǳھ֣˽ѵһǵ֡
ͦģ׼ݵ׼ݣʱֻһɨصСӣ˵ҪʱͣɨصĶ
СôͻȻˣһɨȴȺɨ˹̷ӦݵɨС̧ͷ¶һӡ
ֻСɨ㵲ǰ˵ݣǵȹأĹ˵ݵ°ɣ
˵׼Ϊǿеɨѳ幥˹ȥСͲ㣬ɨˣĻôˢӡ
׼Լ棬˵һ߿žǣһһСӰ˲°Уչ黹ϵСӻǰ
ЦţȴͻȻһ֧ӳͻĹŵɫ䣬ŤǶһ£ȴԼˣ
˭嶯֣Ÿշסһȵ˵ͷòҪȻԴС۸ʦܣбС
̧ȥֻһʮҵӰɨصСӻԼֳһľ
ָԴӾ˵ʦȶֵģô׾ͶأѲʦܴǣǾҪվŰ򣬻ܻ˰
˭ָǵģλݵģǾȻҶǶ֣ǲǡ
Сӵʦֻ˵ʲôſڴʹŮ˵ĺǳһӰ嵽Сӵʦָǰû˵һƴӿϡ
˵ŮӶݺݵ˵ǲǾǲƻҵĺ£ҵĻԷˣ
ƾʲôʦ֣Ůˡ
ԼʦֱɨصǸСʦܳסˣɲǰŮˣͶײ䣬ʦһζİԼҲˣ
ʱѽлú˵Ҳְ
ʱŮͻȻ뵽廹Լת¶һӵЦ˵ЩûҪĺӲҰݸˣһݵģǾʹһ
ҲʵĲ˲Żᶯ֣λѸոյϣҪǰɣҪҸطһ£Ȼ̸
ûŮȥ·뵽ӣ̲סʵΪʲôӲԸأݵˣ
ǺټŮ˻ῪݵġҲôֹš
ǰŮ˽͵Ҹ˼ǰȥˣһôҲûʲôá
ĥݵӻС⣬ΪǼ˵ңҲûȥʵӶҸ׼Ĺ¶
Ǳ˼ҲҪ͸Ҹ׵ͽܵģҸˣ˽ͷŲҰʲôҸѪĽȰҡ
˵ĻЩӵȷеˣҲֿģϾҲǵļˣһǿɾûˡ
̲ס̾˿֮ǰһѺڵǼˣǸе㲻һһԼǰŮӡ
ͷϴ˵ǺȱӣִҲбԭֻûжʣ
һ¶Ů˵ǲԸ뿪ݾǼŰɣھֵģǻ书ܺһ
Сسǿھ֣Ůӻͷһۣ·˵ʲôΣСسǿھôܿ
˸С̣ЦǺǵ˵Ҹô꣬ò׶ɲˣǾҪǸѵе˵ȥɣ
ǿû˵ҪǵһȥѺڵȻõġ
رãһûʡͷȥˣȻѵЩһЩȭŹˣ
ǿŮӻǱ̨ˣ޷ǾҪЩӰˣУЩĺһĲֵûЩ˵˿
Լ˵ҪЩˣŮӹƻЩ˾͹
ŮӴһңͬиʮк˲赹ˮġ
·ŮӶӻ£Ȳˮ֮ͰǺӸϳˣ⺢ӸճȥѾΧ˲ٴССĺˡ
ȫкӣСĲ˾꣬ľǸողǸʮӣʱմӲк˵ʦ֣ڿô죿ʦҪˡ
ΪʦֵҲ̾˿ҲǾȫʦѪˣʵסҲû취պһҷݹɣʦ׬ǣ
ʦµкҲͷǷֱǶʦʦ֣һЩͱȽϴģҪʦǵˡ
һȺڲ⾲ãһǿԼʦŮҲЦݵӾ֪ݱסˣһ˪һ
һںӻûüʰ뿪ݣ㿴ʦŮݵ˵ǿɾͽˣݵԿףڹˣлټ
.

߰ʮ£ϴ

ԭ˵ŮһԿ׽û࿴һվǰĺǣŵӾҪˣǼٵҧһڡ
ʦֶҲû˶⣬һѺ˵ǸˣȥʰһҰɣ
ĶȥոǸŮ˿ǰˣڿʼǶҪˡ
Ҳû˵ʲôǸŮ˰ЩĻĸоһ˿ΣյϢϽģǼݿھ֡
ҪֵʱԸԼţһȥѺʲôģҪǲԸԼߣȥĵط
⻰˵Ŀģ
ĻΪ׵Ĵʦһ˿ϲôãͰﵱԼļңԵȻ᲻ߵġ
ôõĻᣬǵȻȴص˵Ѻڲ䣬Ͻٷǿ浶ʵǹĴرΣգŪþͻû
ҲǿһҪһѺڣðΣյ뿪ȥұҲûλԼѡɣ
һкǾһǶǱĸûмҵĺӣôסһֵҲʤֵˣһʣµľͶ
ЩͻСģֻгȥˣΪˣĶźһ㣬⼸ʮһȫ
Ϊ׵Ĵʦֵһʮֹ˵պͷλǶչˣ
Ƕʲôְ
Ѵʦָֻ˵ҽгʣ϶г壬г񡭡СĽģžꡣ
ڳʮӴʦֳʸȫһ飬Ҳ֪˭ΪȻ˵ԳǳʿǸ࿡ͦʲô¶ô룡
ܿ͸ЩӴһƬӳʵĿҲ֪һЩʦһЩ飬ʵʦһӣֻôһŮǺܳ
һ䣬ʲرĸߣʮҲСбˣ￪˼ݣ˲ûҪĺӵͽܣʾǵһ͸ĺӣ
ǰ˵˳Ȣ˸ӻ֮ϵҲ̫ãʦﾭΪʦڳܣɴŮҡ
ҲȥˣʦڰڵЩӻиӻȵʦȥʦŮʹ
һҪˣܳǰٰУҺóЩʦֵܼţҪȻǻ治֪ô죡
Щ£ͻдһ书մﵽһʲôĵزˣǵҲû
䳡ϣ³ʶԼ黹Ц´ĪΪͲݴȥˮҪȫұԡ
۵ԾԾԣôһ˵ľ͵ͷϾͳֿȭĲʴһȭȭʮԵ쳣
̹̫˸գÿδȥȭͷǧĶ˹ȥҲû٣̶ʹʽȥ
һԣһֱþʽֶιǰٰܣһٶ˳ʻûܰô
̨µĺΪʼͣͬʱҲı£Ҫ֪ʿǰϹ书ѧȥˣǱ˸ϵһ
ʱȴκβ˵ʲôվǸǰɵ书ϹߣЩӾ;ݣţ
ǵϹģϹǾǴ˵еĸˣһʱ֮ǻͦʲôˡ
ʱ䳡Ѿ˰ȻĽ׶ΣڲһζķأʼˣһнһЩӴûʽóӦӲϾ
㵽ΪֹԳʧܸգҲգЦŶ˵ո߳ʸʰ·磬ֻǲԺδʦţ
ϧʦˣܿôʵıԣһΪֽкõģ
̨µĺҲ׷˵ǲָˣոնͦİĺȦ˷ۡ
ʦ⻹סһ˵ҾسǵˣпǿȥҼ棬ʦʦǸˣײβģ֪Ķأ
һҽݸץҩûɵĴ˸磬аչеǲȾ˷纮Ȼ쿪ˣǱȽģҪഩЩ·
ǵĺһһ죬ȻרҵĸץҩҲ֪ǱôˣȻеȲؼأ
ʱ֣Ǹһλץҩ˼֮Ը۰ҽãϾͲҪȥˣˡ
㵹ûʲôɲĵģ⺢Ҳǲᣬ԰ҲǷģֻûע⵽ԼʱһҸı顭
ߵſʱϵ߸ժ¶Լģʱĳð̣Уڳſϡ
һ³ѾֲֵˣرЦûˣ˵ܲٲܲٵżأ˵һͻⲻȻͻˡ
Ƚˣʲôɣ
ڱ˸ǰҪӣ
һ㻹׵ģԼȴһͲô룬ʱҲû˼Ц
üŪ۵ĺ˵ǽջɴˣɹһݲ˵ѧĺǶֱˣǻ书Ҽʲôһ׬
û̫㿴ʵôһ£ô˼ѧˣ
ģǸѾûʦ书ˣݹȥŮͰˣ滹סŲٹʱĸĸҪ޸ĸĺӣСĲžꡣ
ҿ˲٣书ŷҲ޴ȥҺʹһѺʲôģʡ˵ˣȻ󻹵½书ʲôģ
˵ĵͷô˵ȷͦõģ֮ǰ㻹ǻ᲻ᶼвˣϾѺôΣյ飬һ˼ҵĿɶԸԼҵĺðա
û뵽ȻһԽô⣬ֵͦø˵ģֱ˲ټѼѾˡ
ϲʲôʱؼһˣеˣصǰŻһˣҪԵѧȥһۣҲʲô£
Ǹϴ֣ȴʮֵϲӣϧΪһֱѺڣɵĶΣյеҲûĸŮԸԶϴСҲûӣֻܰӵԼġ
.

߰ʮ£

Ҳ˵ˣϲɶʱ˻ͦŵģΪرã˵ĶûţϧȷϹ˺Ķģ
ǰӵĶԴǸΰŮˣԼĺӶܶôá
ǼŮ˵ĺӵģǸڷԲڶˣչչţ
Ҳûʲô£׼ȥѧ￴ϲھˣҲˣƥˣѺʲôĶȥǡ
ܰףҪѡܻ˷һЩʱ䣬ϧһʵĲһ
СسﲢûôĺһƥδСиҲͲˣʱ˼ҿѡпеֱ
ͺ˼ˣºȥѡ⼸µʱڲȺ鳤ʶԼҽæš
ĪǴˣƽû¾ȥЩһȸ䣬ɵ¾ȥǱ߰æʲôģ
գۼֲڵҩҲĲˣʱҲûȥ֯һְҩڳˣ뵽ܿ׬һ˾Ϳ
۵˱ˮݸ㣬Ǻʵʦʲô𣿸о֮ǰҪúܶأ
ǰɣҪԶţҽݾʱˣѧҽҲмˣƽʱһЩССôͿʲôҩҲ֪ҲԼҲܰҽݳġ
ԺܿŵİһҪȥĶҪȥãһ˲еģ
㿴óֻûʲôţҾѧѾˣҪôѧܴһССʦδҲ̫ʧˡ
ҪȥɽժЩҩĻҲۼҹЩҩѾץĲˣܿ͹õˣȥĻ£һ°ɣ
һ¾͵Ǹ۵Ŀ飬ѧѧϰпԵģҲʱʵһ⼸ѧĶˡ
ȻܲԸۻʵʲôʱ߰Һ
ǵǲãֻǰк컹û˵أ
˵æԼȥˣæ껹ûüЪһͿ˹˵ҵˣȻؼһ˰ɣҩ̣˵ҪչǼҵҩġ
һ£ԼҵҩĻûڳѾ˵ˣ
ֻ˵Լǵһҩ̣һջӴǼҵģ㲻ɵøо̫¡
ôҲǰ֪ͨһԼôóȻ˵ȥˣԺ۴кȲ۳ˣ
Ҫ㣬ݳմðϵժˣȻ󻻻Ůӵ·ܼǡ
ڻؼٻ·ǲеˣֻһׯʱ·ӱؼҡ
ʱ㿴Ѿ˺ò裬һϵĳ˻ӣһˣ
ӻӶĵ̬ͿԲ²⵽˱˵λԼǵĴҩˡ
㣬˵ˣλԼǵҩ̳ү׼չǼֲȫҩģ
֪еȫҩָϺõģȫҩģҩСһľͲҪˣǲԼҵҽûҩá
ֻǸյҩ̿һۣ͵Ŀڵλ˰ȻʷǷӿϵһ伫ˣ
ʱһȺɫȹǱЩϵŮ˿ȥ˳۶ˣүһǼŨױĨŮ̫࣬Լžòͬˡ
ߵԱ£õĲˮݸүͻӣǴЦүˣҵһ鷲ӣϵ⣬λȲ裡
ƷζأһڸпɬĲȣȵľЩ㣬ζҲĲ裬үֻŨŨĿ裬էһֵĵûͦء
²豭ɵÿڵλͱǫˣƷζǷӣô˵Ҳ˵ſͣԺӲõľͺţ
ǵ˿˼䣬ڱˣǳ˵ǺܿسĸӶҪá
ֻյҩ˵Ҳƹ˵ҩģܹӦȫҩҽݣҲһҩģ
ƷҲʮֲģչȥһЩֲ֪ҩʲôʱھһЩǴߣ
㿴һЩΪѵ˵ֲȥҩĻڣǵȼ컹ôţ
ֵү¶ɫˣʵ˵سǾ£͵̻ȥѾĲˣҲ⼸Ҫؼˡ
ĸ˾ĬһͻȻһ˵Ҫɳүиھ֣ҪȷҪǼҩĵĻַ
ȻҩĶں˾͸յַ͹ȥүôΣ
ôСسھһ³үоܲ죬ǵͷԼҵĵַ㣬ȵʱҩڳ˾͵һʱ͹ȥ
̸۸ˣǳǳĴҩ̣ڸļ۸ͱȻӸĻҪߣӴʱѾɬˣ
ͳүߣ͸ôߵļ۸պԼڸǸ۸ǲˣҩĸˡ
ô׵ľ̸ˣ˫Լ۸Ҳ⣬үƺæӣ̸֮Ҫˣ͡
үϽ֮ۻң뿪Ц˵ôֵܣظҩ̺ܲɣļ۸ǿȫسǶģ
¶һܱ׼ļЦԻ˵ǣöлˡ
Ҹ˵ҩҪǺõĻպڼҲˣɵúúллҰ
ʱӵ˼ͷ˵У»صҩĸϰһ㣬лô
ӶʱЦôõ㶼û˵ЦһЦûסЦ
Ӳסˣ΢΢𣬿ֻ΢Цһ£ʵѾЦˣ
Ȼһûʮ⣬Ϳͻȥˣȥͽλүء
ѳүдֽϣµĵַСķѾͲסھͰѵЩҩڳˣ
뵽үĸ߼ۣЦҪǴ֪Լҩô߼ۿ϶˻İɣҩڵĻһθ𾢶
.

߰ʮ£

ǿ϶ʱİǾ͵õôˡ
Ӧûͷͷ͵˳үˣȴһ
ֻϵЦ⽥ʧſʵЩȥѡ𣿱ʱûҩȥǣʧԼˣ¸õӡ
˵Ҫģظ˼ûõĻǽǳҲһӰģ
ҵȻЩģǱѾ֪ͨ⼸ȥѡƥˣҪȻûаյҲôĸ˽
ĿĿһۣеʮָˣνҩܶһЩӣÿµҲ㹻ˣ
ûô̰ģҪٶһ㣬㲻һҲΪӶôϲ⣬Լһá
һ˵ĵҽβ˵СֱӻؼֺȥϲϾͻؼˣɴ˺ЩʳĻؼ˳ԣ
ݻûűŵ˷ζЦӾ̸֪ͦɣ
˵ȥ˵Ͷϲ£ˣҪ֪Ҳ͹ʱôһӵĲˣܳòҲѰ
ֱӾЦܿҲѧûŵζ󶼺ʵʲôӣ׾ȻôóԵġ
⿿һűſˮ˵㣬㰡
ʱҲӳ߳ˣϲ˵ǿȥϴ֣ҪˣкܶóԵŶ
ֹкóԵģ㶼׼ˣԵЩʱɵûǰǿЩüġ
ǴӣӵʱСľȻմ˺ϣʱĺӾͱģʵûа취ֻܰѺӸˡ
ۣѺ˧ϲСһĸ̾˧ֻǸѧġ
ȻԼôõĺӣСԼҲûôˣҲǺڣû˵ѴϵĺӶ˸ɾ
ԭĴӿʮˣ˺ſҲʮͣд嶼е㺰ˡ
˺ӵʮֵĲӦоûźůͣ⻰˵ڳ˾ÿЦãôôӾΪ˱ůģ
óԺúһڶҲ˲㺢һֱȥѡȥˣҽ㻹ȥʲôزβˡ
ôʣϲý˧ˣͱҵбķ
ŽԺ־УȥʹŽȥݣȻʵ˲СϲеˣһֱϲŻء
һڼҲʮƥĺȻݣʹЩʦʱǾҪѺҩȥǣ
⻹ǵһδСֱҪȥѡǱȽº͵ģںӱ˦ȥ
ϲ˧ıһϲͲ˵ˣʮϲϵĸоҪǶҪԼһˣ
سһ׼׼شҩˣ˧ҲҪһȥѰ˼Լ¼ҲпͷԸžˡ
һ˧עҪԹģԼһƥͬһƥһĻʱ˧;Լøһġ
ʵųû죬һҲͦõģôǷǷĸ˼һԷһȥôأ
˻ش˧۵ģÿ񿴵λε˭ЦǺǵ˵ѣ졣
㲢û˵˧ǹæģƲ˧ûɶˣ˵Щֱţ
˧ҩĵʱҩĸŪ֮ǰЩûйҩľĹ˰ҩĲܶһ
Сɽ壬˧ǿɶ棬ǿģҲһȥ֮֯ǰЩȥˡ
Ϊ˸İ˵ԵʣЩСϱɩӶҽҺ죬ûа취ֻóȥ죡
ҲһһŮһҵĴʲô˵Լǰĸʵⶼü¹ȥˣɺû𣿡
峤Ķϱȿڵû簡㲻֪ȥس⼸֪ôţ»صԬңһԬĸԽӻȥģλű֮ǰĹء
˵ڿ䰡ȻԬұŮɻظﵱС檣ֵǸԬĻģȻĸ׵ķҪˣ
һ絹ǿʼˣ֪ôԬĺԼˣֻԬôĳô԰ӻظϵģ
һ㵹ʮɻ󣬲ҲǺҪôػԬԬٷ˵Լ飬ûʲôϵֻҪ鷳ͺˡ
ͻȻ뵽Ǹү˵ˣҸǽһϢǰиǵҩҵң˵ҪչǴҩģļ۸Ҳ֮ǰǸҩ̸ߣش׬Ӹء
ţִ˶ҵǴˣǺܿҪˣ
⻹Ƕ㰡Ҳǣнĺӹ
һڸһһ˵ûͣҩõļ۸¶ҶرĵģҲûйܴԼҵ˧壬һڸĵŻؼҡ
֪жòܻأԼ˷ˣ˧ֱһЩȻ˧סˣӲҪȥҩĵ￴һۣ
Լ˧̫ԴףҲ˧ȥдҪȥһˣ˧ȥһۡ
رһҪ˧ȥ˵Լزȥһ
ʵǴˣĻľĶرʢر£ȥɢɢǸõѡҲûԶԼҸ档
һֱٽʱŻЩܸϹҩģ߶׼ˣ͵ȥˣ
Ҹɾͦ㣬˧ӵϾȻֻʷʵӻ
ӽ˵ҿɽͦİҰҰӦоУҿɻܵĽӡأ
ɽΣյĺܣҲȥץЩҰζҪȥس˸һҺһȥɽϴҰζȥԼһȥʲô¶ûɽ֪һ
Ȼ˭ɽҰζж٣춼ܴ򵽶οⴺ죬ҰͲˣǻݾк֣ܶгӣӺҰҳԵġ
.

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˧Ұ²ҼǵҼǰɽϣʱҵҴҰҰÿԣǺþûˡ
ҪȥˣþˣӦò῾ӣӶɿˣ
˵ɾ͸ɣںԺ˸ѣӴþͷ濾ˣֻҲܹԣ˸ˡ
ɽһЩʱҰˣǰˮųԣν׶ˣҰ˵ķҲԽԽ࣬ȻζҲкܴߣ
Ȼ㲻ʲôʳǳʮˬڣͦϲԵģϿõһԣý塣
ӲһʱܿõģһӾͶˣҲɵţ˵ԵĵɵɶӣŻԻ濾ӵҲ
˧رó԰ɣҪȻôֵôãҪųӣʲôҲԣܶѾĹС
ȵ˧ӿ㶼Ը뱥ˣǷҲûڣ˾СƳſúòڵӣ
úóһ˧ĵ˵æҩģʱֲõԤС
ڶ죬ŲһӣڵһǴһµģʵò᳤ôûôùɣǰҲֵسԷ𣿡
ȻĻصȻǰҵǸûأҴСӴǶǵʲôģû⣬Ǽù
ͷԭǰǸԻ֪ΪʲôͽھΣյ飬ʲô£Ӳ
˴ӴȥǵطʱѾкܶ˵Ⱥ͵һǾͶˣ
üûǵȸ˵仰ʲôģԼȴסˣߴˣϽʼڡ
Ҳ˵ʲôˣӾͶĿڣ廹Ϊһȥҩĸÿһȥͻҩģ
һۣæǰҩĵȷڷûٰҩĲһ
ҩĵһʮҩģͼɵĸǸڳҩĸûãֻҩүҪĿʱôųǰҩѺ͵ǣ
һҵҩļˣҩĻүҪô࣬ͼ˲Ǹҩá
ǻðѺõĻĶѴõҩĶ׼үȥСһԼǸүĴߣҲʲôӣ
һһĶҩֻаٷ֮ʮϺõģʣٷ֮ʮֿСһЩģЩϺõĲ͵ñ˼ϺõĹүҪǸĿ
ҩ۽ϺҩĵĽȻȻͷүǱ˺÷ָǣһæʮ죬ǰѳүҪҩĸ׼ȫˣ
װôȥǵˣʴڶʦֵźüװҩģ㻹ýһЩ취˵ÿҩˮҩĿʮʣ͵
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ҲûвЩ飬ɴɺҩ۸ǵ˼ҰѺõĶȥЩ಻õҩЧûҩĴسǣ
ʵ˴ȥǻ֪ҪջأõǴӻȻѸøǺ͹ǵӸ˲ܻسǡ
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ʵ·ʱֱӻؼҼˣ˿ˮ˵˵ӿҲǺмˣ
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̫̫֪ھܰæŵʱͦ˵ģʡسһˣǾҲͦãȻֻǰͷţ
ҡҡͷŵſǲôţʱӸĵŶŵʱӶۼҺüˣôŵġ
һ»˵ǿԷ˳רŸţӱ޵֣̫̫м£ҪڼǵĶӸϿһˡ
Ҫ͵Ҫöʱ䣬̫̫ĶյŻؼҲҲʲôˣǲǾְһˣ
Ҿÿԣ
ԴκûУǿɱѺʲôİȫ㿴ͼţֲʲôֵǮ⣬˭Աû´ٱ˵Ű
ھô˸µ뷨͵Ȼسǵʱֳרˣ
һü죬һֱڴܵɽ棬Ҳǹ˫ʱ⣬湻ˣҲ˴
⻹һڴļңһĲٵĽԺĴߣǰѸøӺ͸÷˵Ĺʸ˳
ʣ»Ҫǵģ˼ұϾҩˣҲø㽱ܵ˵ûȥЩܵõ׻ӡ
үóʴһŹ˵ǿǵҩģ÷ǳãԺҪҩĻչģԼʽͼǵĴҩ̳˺ϵ
ǿԷĴ󵨵ֲҩģҲҩû·ˡ
ӷָǣһϲЦտҲ̲סЦЦξЩˣ׬ôӡ
ǻһİûڵΪɶͰѼĵظͼˣȻҲôӣǵȵõԼõõĹʱҲܶˣ
˺ܺãûмûеأǸɻ׬Ҳһճõģ벻ڶӡ
ǮˣҪؼˣ֪سֿ˼ҽݣһǳİԼЩ಻õҩĶ׼ȥá
ʡ㲻飬ǾʹҩֱӻسǣʱʵǼһģװȫҩġ
ֱϣǰͷųʻسǣϵʱһϵӣ
ͬʱˣǴ磬ǱԬˣΪԬٷˣŴ֮ǰҪһЩ
Ҳ֪ҪȥĶȻ̣һ滹ѾߺͼСˣ㻹ߵѾߣ֮ǰѾˣ
ⶼص㣬صͷϴŵһ֧㿴Ϥ㿴ͬʱҲҲ֪뵽ʲô¶һ˿Цݡ
.

߰ʮ£С

ԴڽϿʱֱسͷֻɫܲԣϷһҩģûżȥҽݣֱҪؼҡ
ΪǲֱӴ˼ңԸʰҩķŵҽ˵մ͹ȥģ۾ͻȥģ
˼ſڣ㶼ûϱԼһϣ˼žֱԼķȥҴ˨Źȥ
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˵ʵڵӻͦ˵ģëëġ
ȴͻȻ侲˵ˣҲˣۼ͵һȽҪĶ
ʲôôܵۼ͵أǳʱһ󷿼Ҳһġ
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һΪԼۻˣԽԽԾкüûֻˣΪǱѹϻˣû뵽Ǳ͵ˣ
°ͷ͵ǸǸʲôĪȥǸˣȻ󡭡λ˵İ»Ԭ
мܣԼҲ˸˹Ȼ͵֧㻹ǵ֮ǰڴҲ
˵Ǹʱʹ֧ˣֻһشɻΣ֪ҷԳע͵һΣ
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Ҫȥֻ𣿡ϾģѾԼĿġ
һ£ʵǸСϲֻһԬԬҲûбֵܽãҾȵλԬʲôأ
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Ҹ㿪ҩǵðʱԵ壬ȻмǣҪŭƢʲôģҪȻҩǰ׳ԣ
һ˺üҩøߵѾߣʱ߸Ͳǵڵʮְ¼ӡ
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һЦתһȦ˵ǺþòҶĹĿ࿴ˣżµʱ䰡㲻ػԬңλԬٷˣҵͦ桭ô쵽ġ
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ȴһĸװ磬ſɫʵ֪λӺδģ
⻰ʵʲô˼ȻԼҵĴұʵڳԲϷҪ˲ó㵽׸Ǿͻˣ
Ҳʵż˼ƹ˵ʱԵҲܼ꣬ƹûаС·ǺһЦҿԱλСǵòѾ˰ɡ
ǻӦĸףȺöô䵱ҪȶӶ첡˲ҿ͵İɣ
⵱̵ƹ´ˣȷŵģֻǰûз˰
øƹ񳶵ƹҪߣƹ˵ˣû֤ݲҪ˵Լ塣
ô˵Ƕλǻ׹ˣô䵽ؤһģ
ƹһ仰ͣ˽ŲŸֶƹܲ׵ֹʡ׹ݣʲô׹ݰ
ƹԼϵķŴ󾵵ݸָ˵Լɺúÿˣϵ̵ģ·³˻ϻʺǻ׹ݣ֮û˸Ƶ塣
Ҳǻ׹ݣʵǴĶ͵İɣҪȻ͵Ի䱦³ɾֱ·һˣ
ƹĻɺﶼһæŷŴϿ濴·ǲ֪·ôȥġ
Ŵ󾵣ƾǸƲģɿɶˣû뵽ôһ·Ȼô
ĸסӣƹ˵ֵ֪Ǿʦֵ̳ģһֵϰӡ
۸ֱӾϰӰôһС壬ĸóԺúȹһӵˣ
ʱƹҲĸʲôһ˻䣬ȻһԹٱٱͰĸѹˡ
.

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ƹǿ·ǰʹһ·ֱ鷿źڵߵĴܹܣֻƹڴֹܹܶ˼仰
Ǵܹܾһŵı飬ƹͷݸܹܣŽȥѸʵۿ
Ƭ̺鷿ĴŻȻһɫۣòϵ˳ߵƹǰſھ˵Ķȥǣ
˱ǵ򾴣ƹڻǰͷ̧ϹϾ˵˶Ѿ£ѹڴУ¿ǵʹһˡ
أޣԹȥһˣ·
ƹоȻϾȻҪǰμؤϾڸǰҲҶ˵ʲôһһ仰˵ԴɾͲˡ
ʪηɱͬһηزֹɣﶼʼеԱˣòҵܻӣؽη춼ˡ
ôţĸԶǳϻ̳Ͽֵİݼϣк꣬ĸҲǽ
Ǵ˵еĻϰĸҲû֮ϡ
Ϳƹһ۵˹ĸţɵúǳ󵨼񣬼ϻ¹񣿡
ĸǻعæ³Żߵݣﻹµ񸾼ʵ۱¡
ò˵˸ʵ¹ģʮֵĻڻʵڳǲҳЦҪȻЩһԽ̽ιݻʵ۵ġ
ʵҲ˵ǿʵǣǴĶģ
ҵһСӤģ͵İ£Ҳ֪ôͷ¿񸾰ɣ
ʱҲϹ˵ʲôһһʮİ˳
Ͽںܻ֣̿һЩ˵Ǳ£ֻ⣬㵱ӣǲһһŮһ̥
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ʱɿǱҪ侲Ķ࣬ĥһҪػæһԼĸ׵½ǡ
ûע⵽ݶ˫ֻۣ˵ر£Ѿһ˷ӹһɽ壬ǰǺʱССȴ˱ŸЩֻۻ
кͲ˵ˣŮĻҪϴ·ֶѿˣʵۣ񶷵һʣ֪ν£
ɻ£ʵϾɢʮǿϣѹɺﲻҶȻʵ˵ʲôߵĴܹȴȻŭ˷ӾȻ˴󵨣ǻɽ屨
ƺ֤ʲôŵǸһɣ˾͵æҵİӵϷ
ʵۼҲ̫̽ҽɿϲûкż˷ĶڴܹܵĲȥ
ҲųΣֱӽ̫ҽԺ̫ҽΪ塣
ڣڶ̫ҽɵĲ飬վţòĹ·ϹϾ·ԸūΪµ·ū·ϰɣ
￴һ۽ŵķţ뿪벽ûûĹһ³̫ҽԺûˡ
ܲɵģολ̫ҽţʲô⣬Ϸū澻·ȥɣ
˵˺üҪȥ·ȴ仰˵˼ҹûа취˵һˣӲȥ·
ڹźﻻʲɾݻѣͷҲһ٣˽ΣʯӴ䣬ԴһЩҲŻζ
ŹҪϲۣĨ֬͹ˣƯˡ
ȴʮε˵ôأϷڵɫرѿǴÿҲôãͷҪʥϵģū澸ɫһ°ɡ
ֲǣֻԼϲ֬Ĩۣڴһ죬ɫǺһЩ
ʰһУҲûżߣʹЩĹŮԻ˵źɵģʵǼĸģ
Ҳɣȥ̫ҽԺɹŮǾһȥʱ̫ҽѾΪʩ룬ʱסĲ顣
Ǽ·Ҳһɫ£ŮǵҲûнֻⷿĸ
źŵѬ㣬ڴ߿ɵҲľ˲٣һֱڣɲŻ۾ĵһ˱Ż
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ô⸱ˣĶأ
̫ҽԺⶼЩŮǸģ˵ǻҪʥϣܴõѣһ⵽ôء
ô˵ҰֱˣڲͦҪûʵ֪˵ѣֻ¾Դˣ
Цһ˵ҶǸˣҲûʲô˼ȥˣ֮ǰһ㵱汳ġ
ҪǸŮˣôΪһˣһпɶǰͰǸõĻᣬһҪʵ۵ְŪ
ôҲû뵽Լˣ˵ʲôһжǰ֮ʱجξѰ˵Ѳ㲻£㻹йϵ
ߵңȻΪΪʲôôĸӣԼˡ
Ҳǣ¾ҪøˣưɣҪŪͿٻˣ
֪뵽ʲôһ˷ܣһͷˮſڿһۣȷЩŮûзʵ⵽ʲô˼ôأ
ɹһЦŷϵĺ˵ѵûע⵽Ǹӣʥģ𣿡
һ˼ǻϵġôأ
ʵԺһ׳Լ֪ҲŲţԹԵ˵õĽˣģˡ
Զǧ֮ûʶΣռ٣̵ĹԼСӣ۳˲ģͿʼ͵ȥҽһˡ
ھҲӵӰˣųʵȥڣһȥǸʮ죬ÿλӶǸ߸˵ģͦϲѺ飡
.

߰ʮ£ѧͽ

ʵôһʱ˿˲٣һжźõķ淢չ׼ȥ￴ԼҩĳΡ
ǳȴȻ빺ֻϷˮ緢չ˶ֻҲԡ
Ҳ˵һžǺӣȫСأԼչѾɢˣҲѡ·ӣ׬ˣ
ھԽҲԽԽھֺ˴òʮֽ⣬ھֵԽԽá
ӻԿ˵Լûпˣھֽͦģ̸⣬ıôھǿḺЩ
СĺӶܳȥˣһģھֵʵҲĴָ
ξѧõˣѧԺҪʼˣһѧѧԣоϲһӡ
ԵʱӾ˯ѧϰһֱãοԲ֪ȥɴͲˣſϲѵʱ࿼ķӸˡ
ԻûͰѻӸϳȥˣؼҹֵðĸһᣬһֱϰ䣬ڱ¶ʹˣմӵĻ˵Ӳʺѧ䣬ʺѧ䣡
컹Ŵ꣬ƲһӴӿѧķΪͦãźӳĸĸǴѧڡ
һĻϲһɵǰʰһ¶ҪؼңֻҪȺԳɼľͺˡ
ҲûǸоԼôΪˣϾǵһοԣ˵ʵûкܴϣܹͨԺԣΪСţ
֮ǰҲ˽еѧô߰꣬ʥʮ궼ɲţӲŶ˼갡˵ͨԺԵϣȽã
һʱȥѧˣͳʱ棬Ǳߺü춼ûҵˣ
ȵݺ֮صҽݣ۾˹ίʵʦ⼸춼ȥĶˣͽҰҶسǷ˶ûһ档
һЦǰˣһ֣µ˵㣬ôҲҽĴˣ޿ʲôӣ
Ǻðɡ
һСϱģҲٸ㲢ûио֮ǰĲͬ˵ʦҽҲͦһʱİɣҿʲѾԼҽˣҽûҪ򰡡
˵ʱͦõģҲ̳ʦ²ʱˣҽݾʽʲôβ˵ĺʱҳɽ
һ˵ģȴһֱҡͷʮֲĿʦҲҽ춼ȥ˵˼Ϊ̫ͽϴֵģô¶ˣ
ǲʦ֪ͦȡģ
Ҳ㲻¶棬ǲݳմŻˣʱ֪Լʵݵʱˣض˵ΪʦҲпԵģ֪ʲôԵĻңϸĸ㡣
۾ôһεϣûԣԹԵʲôԣһҪˡ
˵ʱҲûԼʦֵʱҽݵĴű˿̾ˣ
ǵȿţۿȴûݹɾµ۲ʵ֪λҹν£ץҩĻҽѾˣɡ
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ֻǸµòŮЦһ£ʱǵŮʲôӵˡ
ֻŮӶԵЦϲͽܣ
ͽֵ۵ע⣬ɵ´֪ԼʦʲôϵƽֻʦẰͽܡ
Ҳ
ۺͻȻʲôһʱ֮޷ܣʱ㿴óһƤϣʱôһɫ˶ͱ˸εˣ
һ˿ǻ˵ʦȻʦʦǸŮװģ
ŮװƺͦʧģֻһĿͲܽܡ
ôôһ飿ʦÿ𣿡
˵㻹ر̵Ķűܴ̼ת˸ȦȦǷȹĳ˵Ǳ
ʦƭҸ飡
ۿܽҽʱͺʲôͽƭˣһֱǵʦͽϵðɣ
̲סЦ˳˵ɵǿ۶б˼֪Ů˰һʱȻǽܲ˵ģ
ⷬ㳹ʯڽϣҲͿ۶ԼǷ˼ˣһ︹ڰҲۣ͵ԼʵԱء
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ЦĴһţ˵⸱˵ƭ飬Ǵʦܸõкô
Ҫ֪ھǸʵڶʮҲûϱڹŴѾǴʣˣ޸ĸҲû˰Ųٳһ»ʲôġ
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ԼΪʲôŮװ͸ȻͦԸģǵͷԭ㣬ͬʱ´
ǰôͿԼʦǸŮأƤ߸ıòǴΪֹ۶ǸŮˡ
ֻʱȲץҩʱģرţǸʱҲû룬ںˣֱˣۻԼʦһİأ
ѾͷҲͻؼˣ쿪ʼҽݾ۽ˣԼҵĵַۣ¾
صڴϴ˺üȻ˵ŶҪȥĶ棿֮ǰǺ˵ȥĵطɽˮúùģ
̲סЦһЦҪ̯ôʦҲǰŸ˼ۣ˵ʲôβ˵Ĳ㣬ȥ۽ˡ
ڲŹðһʱûоȥɽˮʱҲ϶ҪҪҿɽˮ͵ʧȥͽˡ
㲻ΪȻ˵Ķô֢⿪ҽͦʱˣÿץҩĶһЩССģҪȻܷһҽ
ӳЩ·ǺԼߵģҲһӸۣ͵ԼˣȻһֱ㣬ǾһֻǸѧͽ
.

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ȻȥȻûʲôϾѾоȥ棬㾭ϲ˵ϷôãѰ˼ųӲȥˣ졣
ȥʶҲкôû˵߾ߣϾʰң׼һʹȥϣ
ڶϣʱ컹ûкϲѣ´磬Ҫŵӣϲ۾ʵףô纰ʲôҪ𣿡
˹ϲСӣ΢Ц˵ⲻǳǲѧ飬ȥ֮ǰһֱ˵Ϸôô׺͵ʹȥһΣ
̫ˣ˵ϸ࣬Ҳر࣬ʱҿԶһף
Ȼѧ֮û֮ǰôˣӿ˲٣Զ㻹ûĵ
֮ǰʳ̫Իٳһ㣬Ȼĺܣסٳ˸㡣
뵽֮ǰֲЦǺðɣǱһֱԹķݶϣ˿һЩóԵģ
񱦶ѾԵİװֵˣӵûôϲ˲٣֮ǰ·ѾЩˣһֱעϲڳһ㣬ıΪ˳һȹʡ
Ѿڳ˷ˣʲôĵȫżӱܳȥˡ
ȻȥھǱߴкӸһضصسǣ˵ҪϢټɣܺö죬Ҳۣ
˴ѺڳҲ·һˣȥһǱ̫̫ƽ·̫ƽźϱƿߡ
緹ǰȥھˣǰѳʰãŴغãϲѾȲˣ͵һǾͳϣ
ǰȥϵ·;ϱȽģŴЩĺóԵĵϣܻԼķ俴ЩʲôȽϺá
Ӹ˵Ҳÿģȴ֪ԼѾһΧסعٴҲſڣǸعٶӾ֪˱ض
ԼԺ汼ܵҲǾ㣬ûĵط룬ſȥ浽Ǹʲôȴû뵽ӭѵԼĲϣ
ĵнĲҶһ£ĵһ¾ͰԼĴˡ
һΧԼңǿʵʹүʲô˼Ϊδ˰Χ񸾵ͥԺ
ͷҲ˵ֱԼóһ˶һ£ȷԼҪץ֮ͶԼʹ˸ɫȰŮ˴ߡ
˳Ҿͽ˸һɶûмǿմް㾫µĺӣ
ϲԼҪȥˣϲ˴ԼͦŵģԼȥֱû˵ʩչӽʽӵָ򿪡
Ѿʮֹ˵˾ˣȴԶֻ֣ǰǸˣҪԼ㲻
ʱ򱦶еһӺеΣԼĽ㣬ԼôԼĸһ
ССͻ书Ӵͷһ£±ȥ˵Իͷ߬ס˱ֻС첲
ȴȶһӾͳŴͷɨϧСҲûѧ칦ûôȻĶ֡
ʱϲҲɵ㶵ĸɿˣȥһھҧĸ첲ϣͼҧ˱ܵþȣϲҧģ
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ҪһСҧ鴫ȥҪЦˣ
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ָǱǳʲôˣҪ޶
ͷȴһ˵ϣҲ㣬û뵽ԼˣҰ£
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ҧгݵһ޳ܣȻвԥǰѴĵ˵ϡ
һԵȥɼЩʮּɵģʵҲ˴ˣЩ˵ΪʲôҪԼһץߣ
ӸոյĴ͸оȺʵǷǿͼҲһˣǲͶҲһĵĹȺˡ
ŵôܣǵסԼ˫ֵʱ򲻵ˣȻղҲûгźϱܵ
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ͷһͱһԶһǹϲ
ôһͷˮıȺץߣԶعٴ˵Ųڵ㷴
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֪Ϣʱųʵ˾ʹ׷ǸúһʣôĪ
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Īı˴ˣµھֺҽݰ̶عٲ⣬ҲʱӲ֪ǰЩһֱԼԵҽݾȻģ
ĻӶֺü
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һĿбӣվıֱСܿʵλүǵΪʲôҪץǷ֤Ǿûɹʲô캦飡
˾㲻ʲô֪ˣٸҷϻС˹үҾʹˣ
Ѿʹĵʮˣÿ׷ʲôҪѺǡ
㶼ĥˣûеʲôﰡҲûʲôŪôһȺץԼǵΪʲôأ
.

߰ʮ£ѻ

ѻģҲ̫ԩ˰ɡ
Ĳ㲻ĵʵǲץ˰ʲôᣡ
ץܳ㿴ҵô𣿶˵Ǿʲô֪ˣ˽ķߴߴʸͣġ
ǺܲϲԼ־׼һӴϣ˿ûҪϧ˼ڱӼ鵽ϵһһ߬סǱӡ
סֻôţŹ׼չһ٣Ǻü±Ӿôϣ
æűˣǵȵԼ˲ưոݣʱϵ·ѣƤֱ¶ۡ
״ϽΪһ£û۲ۣӵľͻ֪ӴһۣҲٶʲôˣǵ컻ĲǴһٶ
ǰһ˶ûʲô㵣ĺӻ᲻ʲô⣬һ·ϰϲӦû˯š
ҪȻָʮڣĶԹһԣҲ֪ЩԺʹʲôֶΣ˯һҲûѡ
쳹׺͸ǰ·ʱͣϢһ΢΢ܿ·˾ͼӱǸϣٶȿʮִܵﾩˣ
һ㶼ˮδͶĶӹˣʲôҲ˵
ĺݺһӣϵѣûа취뿪һŨصӿͷĿҲһ֮ɫ
ڶ·ʱˣҲûʹЩһ⣬δͷȻѧˣزͲˣ
ſڸɬ˵ˮȰɣûˮܿͻ᲻еġ
쿴һ㣬ֻΪʱûнˮ촽ѾɵĿƤˣͷ˵ûеﾩ֮ʱ˸Щˮ
ЩˮϽԼӶһЩȻԲԣˮԲܲȣ쵹һЩУҪӣ
ȴ˵ⷹˮҲǲܸǣֻùԹţ˵ʲôбˣʲôС˼ҪȻǾҪ򰤿ˣûУ
ͷѸһӾ߿ˣιʲôһͲˡ
õһʱ㣬Ͻһ㣬һͦãûйϵ㲻һĶٲԾͶûˡ
ҲûпʲôеĸӲĶӲȥһЩȻֺ˲ٵˮȵԵĲԼҲһ㣡
ĸһûҲûзεĸɱӣԼһС룬Ӷˣое㶫Ժ͸ˡ
ԵҲ࣬Ҫһ㣬ȻվȴһֱŶԷ
һͳôһӣҲûиκζǼֺãûж߶߶ʲôһӺһˮ
̫ںܣÿֻôһ㶫ʵӲĺܣԽﶼθʹ
ڵ㻹ǳŲסˣ˶ΪθʹʹȥǲŸһĸ
͸ˮʱҲûɫ˵ֽûʲô˻ͦǸɱӾܲˡ
ǸȴסǺ侲˵ǱǳûʲôùӳԵģҿɲٱˡ
Ͼڽʱͬգǵѧ̣Ǳ˵Ļֲ⣬ûʲô󰭵ģ
ĻҲ侲ȷǳ嶯ʱΪ˷ֹÿ͸Եġ
˵ͻٺü첻дĻҲԻ˲ŴģԩΪһʱ嶯Ƿìʵڲֵá
ȽϵǰĽⶼˣﻹһ춼ûУû˽ȥͳԵġ
ʵܲ˵ĵ͵ԵģǶûнʳˣȴĸ㣬ﲻκ⣬ҪϹģ
ҹǴ󲿷ֶΧһ˯ˣڴ˯еȴͻȻ۾Ŀ⿴Ƭ֡
ûһ磬Ҷȴ죬Ϸʲôڶһݵ죬һ֧Ȼ
ʱɫ䣬һд֮̿Լеѷˣһһ¾Ͱˣ
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ʣµʮĬΧԱߣ֪뱣ӻ뿿ֵ뵽Ǳʱ̲סúЦ
Լôͻ뷨أ֪أϾüûһ㶯ˣҲ֪ôѺŪȥġ
ʱ㿴ǰѺӱʱǺúõģûκ˺ۣҲܱӾһǰȫģ
ܿǸ񵲻Ƕ˹ȥڰҲüˣֻд˴Ӻӿ˳
嵽ǾͳǱĿľԼĺӣӦòǾˣЩģôոǾͲô
˵Ǿˣû˵Ҫȵ˾ͲˣȺɱ˵ġ
ΪЩʲôҪڴˣȴû뵽ǵǿʵڳϣȻٲڻһ㲻·硣
ֻƽЩΪɢǴ˿̷·𶼻ΪѪɲһ㣬һ˾ܶսʮˣƬǰɱһк˾ͱ¾˴롣
ΣʣµĺҲӲţһֻʵĳˣĶô׾ͷߵˣֻǰ׷һξ룡
Ȼ׽סһ˴̿ͣһʱѴϵĺڲ¶һŲʣ˶Ҳӡ
˵˭ָʹǰɱǵģʵʹ졭㣡
ź´̿͵Ĳӣʳ˭ģȴʵѪԣû˵´Ѫ̱ж
û뵽ǾȻ˶ҩΪյĽŵʬ׶һԡ
Щ
ӻ֣ʣµ̽ʬߣЩող˴սҲûʲôƣģ
˵˸֮٣һѴ̿͵ʬ׻յ㻹׼ܵȴ뻹һ߿ǡ
.

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ƺƵ򾩳Ƿʻһ·ûȺƺݺܸߣ·ǳסջʱԿջƹĿԺη壡
һ˾ǵİ취вͨģǽǴĵؾָͣ
Ҳֻ취Ӻ˸뿪㷢Щ˲ûҪô˼ĴʯͷһЩ
ֻǲ֪˾Ҫٵʲôء
ӱ޸˽һµ·˲εĴһǼĵӽ£Щִַĵطһġ
ϧһ߹ЩطȻģʱȻ̨ͤ¥Ҳûһ˼һ
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ʵͰнӵƼֱһģ̳һ˵ǲĺ˶š
ֻʧɢ꣬ѰʱѾҲ֪᲻ʣ뻭һдӶͦõģûʵοģ
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⣬ٹΣʧ֮õСӹѰأǲɵ쳤˲ſ񳤳ʲôģ
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һжңҾҲǸ˵汳Ҿôʲô˼
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Դ֪ɲ¶ǰ֮ʱ޿̲㣬ܵʱҲǳŶɶֵģ
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С˶ȴ˵ʲôˣãƤӶ˵ҲΪϹս˲ɱ֮ʱ춼ûñѲ
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ҪǲȥɾʲôᶼûˣǾҲˣԺҪһֱطˣڰǣԻǹԹԸȥɣ
Ϊͣһ޺ӣϲȴǴĵﲻˣҪ֪һ·ϿɶԼҵ
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ʵû취ֻ÷ܵĴӦ˵˵ýȥǵˡ
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ʵĴܹ̲ס̫̾˰ūŹرʱѰССӡ
⻰һԵĻʺЩ³Ƶ˶ȥˣôܹƾͶ϶СĵѪ̻Ҫеģ
ǻʺʵһ˵ӱ֪ʱԼе뷨ܽ⻹⼸һμʵˣɨˡ
շ˾͵Ȼʵ˾ȥ취֤ӵǲǻʵ۵־ˡ
϶ҪզģǰӺݻŮ˵ǻʺ󣬾ܻʵѰ˻ӻǺ򶨣ûԼˡ
ߵǴʵ۱һ񣺡꣬ҲʹСӹӴأ˷һѹؾǣѹ·䣡
ʵ۶Сˣ˵ʲôûϣ̫ӣҪ죬Ҳǳʶ˵һߡ
˶Էһۣͬμʵ۱¡
ڻʵ۽˵ģҪǼһҪ¹Ҫǫ̧ͷֱӻϣǵһμӿУ˵Ļʵۡ
ȻǺĺܣԽʱѾѷӵһߣ˫峺ɾӴǰߴˣ
ӻʵϲĺܣһȰİӸȻǰһֱǽͣûʲôҲҶʡ
ʵۿãȻЦ䳯ԼĸӸһ֪ΪηЦ
ȴʵմõʼºѰػӹͣ޻ҪСΪֳСһ⣬ҪԼĶ̫ӣ
.

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ϲһãģʲôӵġ
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һӾ͸µݣһʱּܽܵˣҲûջص˼ϣվںӵһ£
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һоڹʹ֮ǰ㵹ڵϣȴֻüͷԼӰæ˵ʲôһŮӶ֡
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ԶɽЩԾĿȴûȥֱѯôϾϻ˿أҲǸɵӣֻүδһʹ
Ȼּ˵үԩδʲôӣүһ
˵˵кԩ
ԶԶɽû֪֪۹֮ǰǼദǰӲܸɳ˷о
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ǣʥʲôˣһû֤ݵֱҪ
ܻʵ۲ڴ˴һٻǺܹӣԶɽҲ˵Ļ޵ǿһǿģĥš
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ʱ鳭ļԼ⣬ĵλ⣬˵ͯǷ޶ĪѺŵǣҪĪնǲķʲôҲҪòװɣ
үҲ˵סسǲãǷƽʱôһˣǲλ˵ӵ˷ӡ
.

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˿ʮֵѣԶɽǷ˵ĵȷе˵ʲôϵ˾ͺܲ˵ôţ˼
ԩǵˣҲ˭µּʥӢ䣬ֲܲǷǺڰ׾ҪС˰ɣȻɱ£˸̣
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ΪڽӣȴԶ˵ˣǵѵͰˣǶ˴ʲôˣȻǷ˵Լԩݱȥһ±֪١
ʥϵȷλ϶ԩ˵飬ʲôᣬʥϿ϶ǲ⻹һģ
ǱǱߡǸ˵أ
Ҳ˾˵޶ǱԩĻϻЩľȻ󲻸ˣǨŭǡ
ԶɽҲɵû˵صɱȥұ˵Ƕλ˾ͱˣűȥһЩ˵
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⻰˼ϣԶҪٲˣҪ֪ĻǷǳģֻҪǰүȥһʣǲʲô¶ˣ
˵úõģҪնˣôͻȻðµĺүƫƫԷλȨأʲôˡ
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ԶɽתͷߣҲû˵µ׻ҪҪˣߺ˾ʹһ״̬ı¶ûк³
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.

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ʲôӹʲôҲͱ˴˾ǣʲô˶ûؾͱӣүָһ
һҲ֪ģԶɽ˵Ȼ˷ӣǶ̥ǴĶģ˵ԼĺӣӳһҲ񣬷Ǹʥһģ̳ģ
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ߵſڣһץţһָ֣ص˵췢ģϲӾԲҹġ
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ôأݱ˵ʱӿĸģЩӻǸټ
ʵڲ֪ĲǹģЩȻģҲԴ
ͷ꣬ʵĽҲӳԿģǱ㿪ʼúöԴӣǳԿˡ
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Լܵܵͷο϶ܵģԱΪ˵ҲùԹϵĻֻǲлȵ
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ŵʱԶ˳˼Ѳûȥ
ȥ
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뵽Զɽȥ˴һˣϢ֪ǸϢôãкϢȻǸ˵ġ
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ʵ۹СԴ˳ȡЦԶɽ䣬ܲӡ
ԶɽҲЦһ£һϲͷ˵·԰СһڣŹǣ
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΢֣˷˿˵е㲻һԼ˵ӲǹģǼģЩҲͦõġ
ո̸ǿҲʮԼĸ΢ãʲôᣬǸ˵Щʵ
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.

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ǱʵһأԸʲôҲˣⱲҲʲôΪʵ۹ЩʱնҲûôϲˡ
ӵı֣ûʺ۽磬ͬʱҲʼڵıǸӱΪ̫Ҳûпܵ飡
Ϊʺ̫֮λҲֻĺӵģҪСûм䣬ʺǲĶԴ
Ѿмˣˣ̫֮λñϣʺֺԼӲ
ǻЩҲ빬ֻôɣҲȥǾʺܣ⵹еܰģ
ԼһҲûʲôɺµģںðһĻʺͲòõ
̫Լ̫ߺʵ۲ɵ˼֮ǰϹѧãǱ˷ŰԲԵñ˵ôܻܹѧã
ʵѾǰһŮӶܳڳʫܲ˵ѵģѲıǸƭ
˷ӲûŰԼӣȥѧ飿
ǻʵ־ÿЦ˷ʲôûмôôõأ
һߣճ鷿ĻʺԵأŮһС¾һ˶ܿóʺ鲻ãһźĹŮ֡
ɵʵΪ˸ꣿϷʲô£
Լĸʺǰ̾һԼĸ˵ԼûãôˣҲôȥǣʱ͵
ǱôûãһӶûУ񱾹ǸݡȻ½Ϊĸ󣬿ɵײǱģֻ̫֮λĪ
ʲôϵةȻôûкӣһֱλ꣬ةڣû˸ҵһ
.

߰ʮ£뿪

˵ˣڿǻʺˣֻĻӲǵճӣ̫иأճӲӵֻĺӲ˳ģǸʲô
ʺŮż뾡û˵ûʺϾֻӸЩ˲кӸɡ
ʺӣŮʵʺﲻż񻹺õĺأҪǸ̫ӱɻȥ
ū˵һ䣬̫˲ǻܷϳ֮ʣµջӣʱֻҪǸӷʲô͸ǻᣬֻҪةٹٵһ͵ùԹԸ˳̫λˡ
˵Ҳ޵Ǳżˡ
ʺڰùŮˣԼôܻϺӣҪ˵ҲǷϣɲ˵ӣô¹ģȴǹûһ
һߣ˻ѲھǣľǵǼˣǽĻ񣬾Ӿסĵط϶ط
϶ܲȥģԼھֵֵҲûżߣŵȷͷȥ취뿪Ƿ֮أ
˵ȴʱǻ취ӺӳװѾں򸮸öˣҲ֪Զ򰲵ʲôģҲһ¡
ԵúǼУ㵭ԶɽôξǣϾǸˡˣȻܸŹֵġ
ʱҲ彲˲飬ҲǷر󾢶֪ĸ̳ҪͷģξѾ𽥱Ǹջļɣ
ҽݶ˸һ˲ٶΪ˻һ˴ˣ˵ҲһһŮӾȻƾһҽ˻̵Ĳˡ
һֱڸջ£Աҽݱ֮ޣξǻ㱻ץ֮ҲǱˣϧһŮӲܸǣͷĸ
ЩоʮůһھƣĲô£Ҫһͷˣ
ϲ֮⣬ĸˣĸǺҺ㣬˻˱ǵĻᣬȻϧƭϣ˵ǹӹ˷ӡ
ǻϿ϶ǴŭģҺ㱻ץˣ˵ҲЦҶûʵ۳ʲôҲȷϲǲĺӣһ֪Ҫôء
̾˿ǿɰﲻˣʹǵطɭϣĶҵ׿ӵģǸǻÿԼˡ
ҪҿҲرģϾǽһ㺢Ӷˣ˵ԼܳأҿɲܲҪǷǹﺰһİ˽е
һϣǻʵ۵ĺӣԺٻ֮ˣʹߣ֪ǹĺܺãҾͺˣҲôġ
ǿ֪ЦˣǰӸԿӣ˹
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ٶȥʳǱ߶һ£һֲһֱסŲˣֻҪһǾͰץס͵ˣ
һҵûҲһ£Զ˵鰵ãȴסΪЩȫ˵ǰ˷ӳ
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֮һʱдһţھֵȥʣµһЩû˵˾ͱ尲ŵʳǸأ
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ֻǱϿôɭϣʱиʲô̿ǰɱ׾پܽġ
ԶɽƴȫҪѸһЩɳȥʱ²̫ˡ
һĪĺү¿ȰүĲˣǸﲻû㲻ܰѷ˵İΣ֮ˣ
ɳѾˣҵǶĸӵģֻʱ⣬ĲΪǸ˵ͲܷԼˡ
˶֪ӵȥˣүȳӣѾ御ˣүǺαأ
ڸʮϹܼҲȰԶɽԶɽɫѿ˼ãص̾һܼҿɻǵñĶӣ
ǼǵãҲ֪Сںδū˵϶ѷɢĻӹһˣүЩΪ˲ٺ£϶һҲһүġ
˵ʱү޶һ
Ů˫ȫˣھڸϣĻ
ү˸ģɵ˵ϹֱܼӶˣ㼤˵үǣүϢˣ
ԣү˵ģ²
µķӦԼ߼Ϲܼҿ죬үǳ˼ҲһԾģ
ֻԶɽһΪѵ˵̳ϣҿıôһ̥ǣҶϵһģһھȱĸֻҪҵǸŮҲȷһµǲǣ
䣬յķͻȻ͵ƿԶɽֻķ˸˵Ǿ͸ҸϽңһ˭ɱңȫɳȥң
ˣȱ𼤶ⲻѾ˲˳ȥҵġ
ԶɽϽܵԼ߰£庬ȴԹ˵飬ȻңҪǽ·ˣ㻹Ҷã
ⲻȷ֮ٸøٰ׸һ
Զɽпԣ̶̼գû֪ͷƶҪðˣΪףȷһǲĺӣ
Զɽ޵Ķû˯þˣǲʧĺӣֻҪȷһ¾ͺãǸҰȴ˼һǰɳôҲûҵ
ֻҪǸֻҪһϳǲҶӣϾģ
˵ܼԶɽҲ˲ϺºϹܼˣԼ˾ͻԷȰѷ˵ãҪȻˣ뿪벽
.

߰ʮ£˼

һߣ˵׼ԼȥˣǰͷԶɽһҲ㱵ġ
˺Щ꣬˺ЩԶɽĲ¸ǿɾͱ鷳ˣ
ԶɽԼ˰죬Ҳûж˵ʲôˣүΪ侲ˣǺȴͻȻһȭүؿڣֱӸˡ
ǧģ֪ʵ۰참ҪͰԼĶӸˣҵʲôðʵ֪˻ǻῳͷ
˵ȥĻóȥˮǲջصģǻʵۣ˵ĻּôջأҵĶӰҪҶиʲô£Ҳˡ
庬ĨҲ֪ʲôӺòҪһȴһʽ֣һ˻Ҫͷĸ˵̡
ǻһֱ֪ˣֻԼӻ䣡
ԶɽΪԼ˲ˮ˵˺ˣˣֻҪҵǸܳ庢ӵԩǸ϶Źġ
ô˵ǻʵ۵׻ǸʲôӦԶɽĵﻹûһģͷ취ѻȹˡ
һҲԼɷĻű˵˵ĸǻһҲܣҪҶȥҲԼŰɣ
˵㵽Լǰķıүһֱò׼ʲôʵҪдЩʲô𣿡
ҪҸܵдЩţҪǰǸʲôˣҲܿҵ
庬ĵ˳ǸɵйӶļ̳ӣһķ
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رǺӶ֮˶Ժ۵ĸӰ˳үҲѵõİһôҶûȢ
룬үҲûֹԼҷ˸ҸܵдţڵȷҪֿЩҵǵĺֵܴµҲر࣬˵ĶķֵǶĸӣ
ҹ
㿴ҹõĺ˸о֣ǸЩеûģȴܸоĺܰѻ
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ֻһʰɣʵص֪ҺǰСģŻͷǰ
ȻѰĸӣȻѾˣһ뻹һĸӵϸǰ֤ף
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̾˿ԼҪŮûУԴô֮ӹǾһֱãӶ˻ܴһ˭鰡
ô˵ҲֻЦһҺϵǺܺãΪҵĹϵ˺ˣȻȥ˸˼ҹ
Һ񲻸ô࡭ҪǲĻԺ԰⵱ɸҡ
ʵĿ㣬ȴʮ֣ص˵ôУû֤ҶǱݺ֮ǰҾǿŶʱըһ챻֪Ǹñͷ̷
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үôǽԶһģȻҲ͵컻յоҼȻ⻰˵ˣ㰲Ĵžˣ
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ڵ˿ң»࣬ս۾ﶼðѪ˿ˣ״̬ǺЩˣ֪ںǰ׳ں˵ͷ֮ȥʰԼˣ
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÷˾õˡ
һԼǰߵķ˿泯ҲûоʲôףȾסʵʲôУȱ֬ˮʲôġ
.

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ֻ˾ǿ׵Ŀһ䣬Ե˵ԼǸ˶ʱû棬Ҳû˵ʲôǫϲ
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˳ȥһ´Ϊλһ¶˷ӳġ
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ﰤҰƣ඼ǷŽյģʵ֣Ѳڴʱ䣬﷢ʲô£
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ԽԽӣвٴүڴ峤ҺȾƵĶһĻʲôǺȾӦʲô£Ҿ
뵽ﻢһֱͦ峤ȥߵ峤ſڣ̧׼ţȴİ磬ʲôʱ뿪Ƶط
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ǸոЩС⣬ҪǹǸɵ鰡ϴСӲǾǱߵġ
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˵̸֪Ϊδô˵˷ˣԭȻĺĻ˹в˵ģ
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Уھȥ
뻢ԽԽһŽŲоڳſʶѰܹεĶ
ʵû취ȻֱԶĲݶϢĶҲÿˣҪȻݶɲģ
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һѵĹٱʱѾһƬǽ壬ƽǸվһһ㡣
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ôȻ̫үӣ˵Դܹصһ׮ˣӶ㱻ˣ
һʱԼĴ˱һ£Щְæץɱ֣ݻ˵ЩŻòЩ֡
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Ψһİ취ҵĸӲ֤ףʵ۵ʱ϶һġ
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ĸӵϼңǸӱɱŰ˺üʮˣݴ̽Ϣ˵ǰĸӻؽȥģ
.

߰ʮ£

ΪľҪвǸȥˣӲǵߵǷǺڰ˵˷ӳʵϲǣǵ̽˽⡣
ǰЩһͨˣ󣬿˼ҸЩ׬ЩӣӺҲȢԺˣҲʱĸ֮ϵԽĲá
ãܺãȻͷˣɳȥץ˹ֻҪץǣû֤֤ǶĸӸƭ
ԶɽЦţһȻŻʵۺôһĸˣת
Դ֪ǰ˵о֮Զɽɴ˰ץĸӣԼǰˣܵżץ
ϾǸСӶģ˵ֻλ˿Ŀ鷳ܾܲͲܵģ
ԶɽһȫȨ𣬳еҲ٣ϳʵۺλ˸ǹ˲Զɽץôˡ
ǱȽϰȫģֻҪҲ֤İȫͺˣȻڸЩģܹ鰲ȫǿԵõϵġ
ǵϡ
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Ĳɵӣʵ̲סʵԶӲʣôܰһ˵Ļû
ˡûϢðˣ岢ûвʡ
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һжҪûػ䣬ŮԽԶɽԽܣովˣ
ԴǰЩ֪סǸСׯ֮ȥ˽ԼǴӲãڼһԵ
һŮڵһǮ˼Ҵţ̽ӻرŮĻЩأֶκ壬ƾĳִ˼վȽŸ
оǣԶɽٳûҵ̽ӵ˳ҵҪ˵ѵ̽ҲУҵû˵Ͱδߡ
иʮܵˣʱֻҪԶɽһʣʲô֪ˣʱţԶɽԽţ
ȻҲԽĲˣĵﶼڻȸԾ֪ܿǲԼʧɢĶˣҲĵģ׸һ
ʵۿԶɽеʵ޿һµӣûʲô𣿡
΢ЩĽϰˣԼĺչѰ˻΢ĺӻ֪ȥأôҲ֪òã
Զɽ˻һ϶ʱͰˣ˭֪ԶɽĶӣʱ㱻˳ΪţССͱʷ飬ܳڳʫ
˵ԶӵʧɢʵҲӲĹϵΪ뼸̫֮λŪľǴңʵ۶ʧһԻӹͬʱԶҲǣ
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һԼҷˣͦ˵ӱЦ˽Ǻ£ձ԰ɢɢ㶼⡣
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ˣиϢҪǣڱǱֵرãûϺϲյٹٵºҪⱦΪ̫ӡ
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ԶɽͶȥ͵Ŀ⣬㻹ЩһηĵЦˡ
ôԺ󲻻ٳԿˣҲû˸˵ûеҰˣ̫֮λ浣⺢Ժ᲻ῪĲʲôģ
Ҫάס̫ӵݣʲô˼ȫ˵ͬʱֺ´һˤϡ
ڴͬʱʹϲһ飬ʵʱıС˼ֱͦһ˿ģԼ
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ػҲôѾˣرԹǺ«Լĵˡ
Ļʵ۲ûֺǺǵ˵޾ͿԣֻܵŲͺˡ
̫֮λôȥƵģǺ뵱ǻȴǰԵΥģ
Ҳûж˵ʲôҪ϶Ͳˣֻܽˣұ룬̫ǲǾһȨˣ
ôǲǾܱý͵أ
ֻҪ뵽Ҳûôų̫֮λˣȻ̫֮ͲԼʲôȥʲôˣҲеð
ϲǵʲôû˵ʵۿһۣʵôƣҪ̫˲𣿡
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ϲװĿŻʵۣʮֲ㡣
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ѾҪˣҲ֪ȥˣǶҪڹˣڹŲ𣿡
ʵ۾͸оر֣òװѺһʲôԼ涼ǽõĸǣ⻹Ȼǽʡ
ﻹƫ˷ӣʵʮֲãҲںӸǰƢ
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ǰӵԼĶԴϲȥѧ飬˲ƫУ飬˷ȴˡ
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ǹûеֻһʣܰѵ׸һϲƿɲеֲҪԼӵˡ
˹ִϲʵ۸оЩͷۣ˼ûٸ˵йˣ
ʵʵҲҡˣӲ˵ѣô˵ˣֻǲ֪ĸǳʲôĿľȻƭߡ
ʵͻȻӿôһ뷨᲻Ƕĸ˷ӣȸ״˵Ǹ˷ӣ
»ʵԽĥԽôе㲻ԾǰŸ˺һˣҲһֱججûϷţĸƺе֡
ھһҹշת֮Ļʵ¶ģ˰ȥǸļԲһϾΪ飬ξҪԼȥ鰸
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ԶɽɫĿֻ˵ү뽲ǲ֪ľͶ֪޲ԡ
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庬֪ԼĶӵʲôȻԼĸǵˣﲻɵһܣôˣ
ԶɽһԵϹܼ˵ͷ˻طɡ
Ļû˵㱻庬ס䣬ֻŮһ˵ԶɽȷǵĶˣȥһ
𼱱𼱣ҿ϶һȻطźòã
ԶɽҲ˲ˣԼȥȶ
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ҲģȥһºҲǿԵġ
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⵹ǲɵ㰵ЦȻӢѹ˹أĺԼİ˸ǰҲ麺ġ
󷽵Ŀү˵ķţ˵ôˣʲôĳӣܸ˵һ𣿡
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뵽ǰ֣˵ѹȻдôÿֳʱſھͳ£ʱҾ;е㲻һ㡣
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񷢴ģҡҡͷԼѸˣǲȥסջڲһС
Ϊ˲˷ǣ廹һϷһͷȻ䵽װŪ˵ĵزҲΣ
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벻׵˭һ벻˴ΪʲôʲôĿġ
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ʵҲ֪ԴӶ֮Զɽķ徫״ʮֲãǲеˣŴ͸Զɽ檡
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εȻҲһģԶɽ˻ʵ۵ĻֻܵûôˣҲˣɾˣ˶͸᳼Ӱɣ
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.

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ү˱ŵӽӲǲҶһ£úΣүͶȥһȵĿ⡣
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ôУҽԶ򸮵϶Ҫı˶Ҫã˵ˣҲŵһС⣬ͱܾˡ
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ȫúһ·ҲڸģȥߣҪȥҫһԼһ˶ӣ˸ôõĶϱ
ڶһӺҪʲôΣʵѾͺˣûҪһȥ
ǽԶôˡ
˵ǰȥʹ㻹ǺŵģҲ֪СһûкúóԷ˻ˣ
Թ緹ү˱żŮƺƵȥˣһȥֱӵŻأĶӹУͳ˼ӡ
Ҳү˹ˣ̫ܹˣѡ˺üҲׯ˼ƹ͵ȫóȻһһ׵԰
һ׵󷽵ȥʹϲ촩ˣǺүӲǸʮ׵ѣ㶼ð亹
Ȼβˣͷϴĵϴģٵͽôһֱӵү˻ټҷˣҫ˺þãЦˡ
Ƕһеգ˳ĺү˾ǳִ󷽣ƫƫүһ˾ռߵģ
治Լ˰˼庬Ҳţ˲ѣûؼҪһԣ̫촩ļȽϺʣ
Ǻ򸮺ü˱㿪ʼͷ㣬ɫ̫ڣ̫ʲôģǼֲãֻܳԶˡ
ǲǸСسǣǶּ֪ܵСسǣǸ庬˴ǣ˵岻
ô쿴ǺõĲ˵أ˶Ȳ
庬ȥ·ĹԶɽĿϣע⵽ĿѰ˼ССĳеĸ㡣
ֻԶЦţҲûʲô˼ȥôۻ˰ɣҵһμ˸˵ӡ
ҲΪһ˸ϱˣôණҪ֪ǰǲôֵģԼô磬ѻģ
һԶɽǼԼˣǰϱ۹Ǻӻʼһֱеġ
ǲ˼ЦЦΪԼԺģ˺үע⣬ԭΪ°
Ҳ챥ˣ㲻õĳԣҪ˵Ҳ庬ǰĶĵѡѣֻҪǲƵģҺֱӴˣӲģ鷳
Ϊ˺Լĸ׸Ҳˡ
.

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ȵȻҲ٣ֻзŵľȽԶֶһЩŵС
庬ƺҲʶԼۻ㣬ҲûŲˣǿģǿЩ˿佱ʱ
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ҪĲֹ̫ӣϲҲҪڱΪ̫֮ӷΪβ̫ӵ˱ĶҪࡣ
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컹ʱ˱㻻ϵѣǽڼͷͶ˿ǷҲͷһοں̶
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庬ߵļĳսҪúÿסԼϱ˼ˡ
ÿϣ˰ϱ𣿡
ЦĿԼĸףǸǰ¿˶ģһСװνġ
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Դǵ˵ΪҪԼûסﻹҰչֳ𣿡
˵⻰庬ֻϲϲòȥˣʵ˵Ů˱˸˶ү˾ġ
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ͷЯ߳򸮴ţȻԶɽͬһǰϽǡ
﹬ſʱͣˣʵߵĴܹӭ㣬˿˵λۼүҪȥϳǶλۼȥһ̫Ӻͳɣ
ͷĿԶɽȥܹ֮ȥĹУܹܸ̫̾Ӻ͹ѾºܾҪλˣǵóԸˣ
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һʱŤͷ㿴ԼҵˣϲҲԼϷѣŲֱ˵Ļ
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Ҫ֪ϿһֱŰ취׽Ҳôʵ۵Ļ˹Ҳ֪ҪǿǰһĻθ룡
Ҳǰʱڹô׿ûУ
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óԵˣû뵽ʹһ˾ȻˣҲ֪ǴǼٵģСһԸԹķأ
ܹܿͻӹܰĽ˳˹ʵۻأҪѸոԼܰһĻתϡ
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ͻȻûӹƺҲûôˣе˫׵۰ȻʵҲǽܹǲүġ
ҲڹﳤģԼܶûиܹʲô飬ôܸȷأ
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ϲۿ˵ôôöҺͱؼңǲǲҪҺ͵ܵˣ
һʹæ˵ôأԶǵ׵ĺúӣֻ׾ϲڹȸҪҸ
ûУһҲ棬ȥӸ棬ЩŮ̫棬ǶҸġ
ڻʹƺ治ģҲ֪˵ʲôˣʵڿ϶ٰѺӴ˰
ȳȥҺͱ˵仰
֪Ա˵ЩʲôȻҪȳȥһӺܲĵӣҲûİ취壬ֻðǽˣ
֮߳ѱԼǰ˵벻֪Ϊεôöûǻؼң
Ϊʲô
ϲɻĿϲ۾һգʮֿ϶˵ǲǸʲģһֱǣ˵˷ӣϲһֱǲǡ
ǸǱƭˣΪﲻǺˣãԲŲõǣ⿪ˣȻûʲôˡ
ݵǻ˵˻ң⣬ûץסǳͷǣǱ͵ʹ֮󰡣Ϊǿνǳ˲ٿ࣡
ǿɶ񣬾Ȼ˸۸
ԼСȭͷ˵ǰǱΪ𣿡
Ȼˣ˵Ҫôſԣ
ֻҪúڻʹͺˣڻʹ̫ү˵˵ôһĺӾû˸۸ˣԸ𣿡
.

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Ųѳ²ߣֻŵȭͷͻȻɿЩѹĿǵԺᾭܾ𣿡
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û߱ʵܹһ仰û⹬ֻ֪ԸԸ鱦Աû˵
ڱҪؼˣϲǺԾԼܵһ⹬޿ģҪ˵Ҫ
ڱڹԽˣϲһԼԷǸû˼ˡ
㻹֪ôϲģ˹㿴ͻȻ˸һ˵ҪڹˣҲȽοӹɡ
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ź˵˻Ựܹܱܿѣ˵Ǽʱ쵽ˣҪ׼
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̫ǧǧǧǧꡣ
ٹٶԱ¹аԶԶɽʵ۰Ѳ̫ӵگԼ̫ӡ
һߴܹóһگ飬жˣʵگԻƹѩºͶزΪֳ͹һմˣ
СС;зţйĹϲͷһʺס۵׵һЩãگ鼰ӡ׼ݸϲ

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һʹģʵ̰ȥ̫ҽϲĲôΪʺһˤƻˡ
ʵۻʺˣܹܻڣگϲһţϬٹһ򡭡
ԶɽΪ׵ĳˢˢĺǧǧǧǧ꣡
˲ǴҴϣϲŴܹȥʺֻʺڷ̫ҽ
Ҳ֪̫ҽǰѳʲô󣬾ȻضԻʵ˵ϲºϲ£ʺϲ˰ոΪŶ̥΢ʺ￪Щ̥ҩʺϢã
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źӣʵһ֮ɫĶԴܹ˵ҶŵʺķܹǱߣ޵֪ôеġ
ܹһ㶣漴ͷӦǡ
ܹĻʺ˰еϢɢȥةҲڹУ֪Ϣܹ˻ʺ
֪Ϣ֮Ҳ׷ŲƷܹһʱ֮ʺַǷ
鷿ԶɽԼĶӶϱǰȥϣʱʵ鷿ۣһ֪ʵĲɵġ
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رë̫ҽ޲ߣЩҵɹûʵ۵ͬģٶԶɽл
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ȻϲڹԼ̫ӸСʵҲߣҲͱһҲи
ıʰ׵ԼС̫˵ϲ˸һĹŮźǰ
ǲȱչҲͷˣϲ֪Ҫʱʾܲģڶɨˡ
˭뵽ֻڹôһҪߣһú壬ӵĿ뿪ǣ
ϣԶɽʵϲĲҲμˣǲǺܿҪǸСسˣ
ţ㣬ֻĸǱ߲֪Ҫô˵
ˣȥ˵ˣ
ԶɽŤͷԵĲᣬһҪߣ׵Ҳھǡ
һ·򸮣庬ѾſڵȺǵĹļھԺ֣λ˾֮ҲҪСسǵ˼
.

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ݶպسǱ߻Ҫȥ죬˵ȥһΪܵǣ˵ĴҪȻھҲʵ԰ġ
һú죬Ȼ߽ǷҪ뿪һʱ䣬ܿٻǵģ
˵ǽЩĵģҲֻĿ뿪ǲᣬӺҲȥǵۡ
ﰲοˣǲҲҪôһģ᳤ܻģ˵ϲˣȥصٻ⣬ܻ뿪ǵģڲǰ˰ˣ
֪Ҳ֪ڻʹͷ϶չˣ᲻ã
Ʋ죬һ˵ӣδԼһջ᲻ӣƺһʼǣҪСһϺӣʱƲԼˣ
ʱΪ᲻ӣŸȻǸ᲻ˡ
ߵһϣ庬һӷʢĲȣⶼԼģܲζԼǰŮûʲô飬Ϊʲô֪Ϊ˸ԼԶһӵķ˺Щأ
ȫûбҪİһ򸮷ˣԶ򸮵ĳӶĶò꣬ȴҪԼ
庬һֱڸвˣһǸǳһͣҲܺһԷĸо
Ҳ֪庬ܣҲûٸвˣһٷҳԵﶼǺܺܣ庬֤һ
庬ûôѹˣ˳˷һȥϢˣڶճǰ庬ϹܼҰʰĶᵽϣ
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żڷȥҲ֪Ǹةϲĸˣô
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һߵһ£֮Ϊ׵˴˲ΧţȺһ͵ͷзɱǣϣȫϣ
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ߵһ˺ޱ޼ʵĺڰգôȱĸ첲ʧѪе࣬ѾʼеŲס˼ˡ

ƺϲĴȥֻϲةץȥ޲ðקϲ˵ֱ۶
ǰΧ̫ˣԼԹ˲Ͼȥϲˡ
ؼʱ̲֪δȥһ֧л׼ȷֱ䵽ץϲ˵ֱϣֻʹһһӾͷſϲ
ȺͻΧһѽϲͬʱһոץϲϡ
ʧȥʶǰŴȱеϲֵоˣû֮ΣǸұɿˡ
Žصһ죬Ҳͨһڵϣæߺ֣
ҹ㻹û˯ţ𶼿ˣŻһµļ㣬һ߿ͻľһ
ŤͷһֻʪȻˣ㻹ʲô㱻ק¥ߣһһż˵ߣΪ˾ϲˣҪȥһ˿ڣ
Ķزأ
㽹һ䣬˿ջѾˣżæŵİһȻ̼ǰ
ʱĿͷһһѪˮ濴ŶĻţλүǧʲô²źð
˳һ·СܣټϸոյĴķ̫Ѿʼˡ
ָָǼͷһƵĴܹȥˣûǸʲôһ´˿ͷ
崭øͣһ
ǰ㿴һ԰׵һΪʧѪർ»ˣ˳һƣ㿴ĸ첲˿һ˿
ߵƤⶼˣ˲ɵеľ
ĴΪֹѪֻҩҲûбʲôֶˣ˿˴󣬲ǸȾŧɾΣˡ
ܵſڴһȥЩ
ͷæ˸׼ߣٴľĿ㿪ʼһһߵĸ˿ڷϡ
˿ڵĹвð˲Ѫھҵʹӻ˹ƫͷһڸ˿ڱӲҧһ£
̿ĳɵզ࣬Ů˵δ̫˰ɣһ˿Ѫȵĳ涼ЩܲˣȻ治ɫĸү˿ڡ
һһƣܿͼ˯ˣȻ۵ҲһϻմѪ
֮˸ɾˮϴ֣սʰԳĴ˵˲ҩĳȥҩ
ȷ˿ڻ᲻Ⱦ֪϶ᷢվͶˣûǰҡõġ
ʱȶ֮תͷųʵ̫ӵºͳĶǿˣ
̫Ӷûˣֻүأ̫ӹֻ˾꣬˽Ѿ˺˯ˣ
һҵ׵ĺûʲôˣֻɵһصˡ
.

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ҩöһʱҩιʹʱĶͷǱˣ㿴Ƿձ㿪ʼȡ´ʩ
һʱ䣬㶼ƣǰȥˣڷڼƺ˸µجΣһֱʲô
ϧ̫С̫ˣ˵Щʲô
ιҩ֮㿪ʼˣû뵽Լ˯ˣ۵ʱѾǰҹԻվһˣ
ʵ۵һҪ񣬵ȴֹֻʵĿתĶʵôˣʲôʱѹ
̫أʧѪ̫ˣôԹˣ
ӡûзرʵǲ׳ϽһģʻʵҲûش𣬶ֳһ죬ܹܵݹһϻӡ
ʵ۰ϻø㣬˵Ϻҩ㿴Ͼ͸ðɣ޵øл޾̫ӹ
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ҲŽ°ƣҪȻôܰȻ߳ʳǣû뵽Ϊ˱޵ĺ˳ӣ޾Ρ
˻ʵ۵ĻֻǺһЦܹ֮ǰ˵ʵôں֮ĻһҲǹģʵİӷϣֿ°ߺӣ
ʵ۹ר̸ҩһ±ˣȥةԼʺˣǸŮУ͵Żϴˡ
˵ҲǱ仯޳ǰЩӻ߸ϵת֮ҪûˣӺҲǣ̶̼µʱʹƽطԾƲϣ仯ʵ˴ֲ
Ҳ֪εʲôüͷƺʹģͼƽüͷȴһ¾۾
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ʵ۵ͷҪίε˵һҪһ£Ȼļȥһʱ䣬ǸСسǣûʲô˻Σӣ
ةͷϺҲ֪˵ģȻةѾץסڳлвģ˻ȥ޾͵ЩٲһѪȷ磬ҾͲڻʹˣͽиչһʱ䣡
ԭˣ΢ʹ·ĺˡ
ʵ۵˵ͷʵԻʵҾģһ뵽Լ첲Ĳ״㻹˰ɡ
²˳٣ӺЩǾ̰ɣ޻һЩ˰бǵģ㵹޹Ŀ࿴Ȼةиôã
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ʵ˵⻰ĵڶ͸Ŵܹ̻ػʹˣϲûи֪һ£ѻʵ۵˼һ飬ܸǻؼȻҲǸ˵ģ
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˵ֱֻһˣڼԷҪι㷢ƺͦڵĴģ
ʱĸֻĻصСسǣسǵյϢͻӹҪˣǰվͿʼһֱڳſڰš
үȻǰ֮ǰļҵլԺĻȥˣصԼСլԺ֮󻹷˲
˵֪õģǰǸǰװǻƵڸƵģӸǰǵͷģ
һ˵Ŀ϶ջǸӣյϢһʱ鷳ǱʱסҲŻݡ
ҪǻԼȥôҲţ֪˸֮Ҳֻʣ˭˼λȨأһ仰ܶأ
ջصһˣһ̻ȥһܱҲʮϲһӾˡ
λˣ̫ˣ
Ϊ̾˵
һο£˱㿪ʼǵˡ
ҲţլӱٸҲûǴɨһ£Ǵɨҳģ
ľʹĵϣԶٷǸлЩôˡ
ϣƵЩ࣬Լͳһұǧ˵ɸպˣصҴʦģˣ
ĽЩжǺã⻤û㵹ںƾһƬⶫҲúñġ
㷹֮úϢһҪش￴ڶôˡ
ڶһ׼ǰȥϲСβȻҪģǳ緹ʱвҩĵβݣ
ƽµĻһȫΧ˹еԺû˰ɣЩ΢΢ů⡣
.

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ô˵¶Ķܹ㰡
Ҫ־͹ĸȻֵ̫ܶɥĲˡ
ǣҲǱǺİƽллˣǹʲô
û˼һ漴ڴǵĴӵ»صһʱȥһ´峤
ڴ峤ȥһڱУڴûд峤Ǿһ֮ҶʮŽᣬʱûд峤ҲûʲôĹϵ
ȻźӴŲٶȥү˵үϴεֱ˵Ƚţ·ء
ŶүʱԺҩģĳֺүҲԵʮָˣæߵſڸǰѴŴ򿪣
ֻǾô·Ĺȴᣬֻүһ·˽ŵӣֱǰסүʵүȽŻûôͳɻˣͲܺúЪ𣿡
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ûˣүˡѴȶүŵ˾СЩǷ顣
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үټķֻһˣ㲻ʵүԼһڼôҲûƼӻСӣ
үĬ˺һ̾˿վԹԵߣһȥſĴϻ̱Ÿˣ
˲ǱˣүĶӣҲ֪Ϊ˯ĸһ
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ϱҲˣү忴ҲǺܺãԼҪչ˵ȴҪչ̱ĶӣүǲЩ̫ˡ
Щ춼үһֱչ𣿡үúܲζү˵ͷԺͻȻ뵽֮ǰ˵Ļ
ǰֲТ˳үɴ಻ҪôźˣϱˣҲСӾ͸ôա
ô˵ǱϾүĶӣĶˣŶӾṈ̀ڴҲܡ
үҲ֪ӾôŻһʹĺã׷ͺڷˣԼǰͷߡ
үҳǳصģǴС˼ҰôүΪչӳԿģ
緹ʱۿүôһһڰǸТĶιԼٳ䷹ģţѹˣ취ҸүźӺˡ
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ҽǱҲȥˣѾ֧סǸҽݣֱӵˣֻڻæʱְȻվڳ졣
.

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үǱ߰׵ҲˣϣɳȻҲźһ棬˵ɳϷǵġ
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һ˼ҷ߻ѻӴȥɣѧòú黹Ӱˡ
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ʵϣʵԼĶŮĸǲųֻǻصҲġ
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ȥ˳бû꣬ʱֻʣ½ˣĸ˫˫ȥ֮С
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˵֪ôһע⵽ʳȷҪѳСɽˣǸոеģ
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ѰǻȥǾ͵ͣĸȥǣԭΪһЩʱգû뵽ҲһʱҪٷ룬ô˵
Թһ绹Ҫ·ȥϴһȻЩϢ
ԼҲǺң㵹ҲٱֳԻʵҪϲ̻ؾĲ·ѾʵҲûж˵ʲô
˸ɵϣԭغõķȴ֨һƿ漴ɵĽŲ
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ͷɵĲԺ˴齣ɲɵֱ˯м䣬§ΪϲڻУ
ԼСȶֱӰϣ˯Ǻܲʵģһ޿е
֪Ūѹأ˻ҪǺñӣɵ߱ëôҲĲ
.

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˽׼Ķŵϣ㲻Ŀϲ˵ˣ˾ǼǵǸʵĻҪԡ
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ĻϲĵͷҲýı¥ȥˣһȲϲӡ
⻢ӵĵȥ˾պѧʲô»ԺܱȴһСسùȴӵûбʲô뷨ϲһˣˣ
Ҫ˵ĸ׵һĲˣҲˣ⻢ѹû츳ģǷѻ͵⺢ϰ䡣
˵⻢ӴСͱһ㺢ӡ׳߳ؾͱʮ־⣬Ҳͦʺϰģûܾ
Ǹлֱ˵ˣǰ߶ţڿбˣպһҪһٶ
ҲжĹ٣һӲԺȣȢϱ͹ˣĻɲҶ룬Ͼ⻢ûʲôϢˣⱲܲԿĹˣ
׷˴æӺôиңʲôûһ·˰ɡ
ʱҲոտҹ¶ȻǺģǣֻԼķ䡣
ⲻһ׷ǵĶûж䣬һ˵ҾеˣȻұĶʲôҲûҴɶҲˣ
ۣЦһֻС㣬ֻóһƱЩ̿
˵֮ǰϲϲôƱǲΪ˽׼ģ
ûаֻǵϲһƱĸо
ϵһ죬ֶϰŸҲһš
ЩԶҭûţҽСЩˮԡ
û·
и㣬˵Ҳڳݲġ
ˣһ½Ų˵ҵҶڴϣԼѡһպһϣһȥ
˵ЩΣôѾߣҲһ÷չԼСϱ
ߵߴң˼ɾ±ȥ裬ʵһ·ϳģұ֤Լͷﶼ䲻ˣ϶Ҫϴģ
ҲˮжΪʵʣǻ̲סô˯ţϾҲû
׺·Զĵ˽ȫԵģʵڶˣҲû˵ʲôӱвš
ҲеĿй֮Ҳв˸
Ա˰ѵһϨ׼Ϣ㼸մ˯ˣĵĸѱҴòŰ˯
ڶһ磬ʱѾԣԱߵ¶ȴҲ֪ʲôʱˣ㴩ǰԼᷢ
.

߰ʮ£ʥ

һдӼֻһ֧ΰѳ𣬱ĶһҲ
ſ֨һƿȹȻѸٵİŹغã˿ڵӡ
ϲ
·ݸ㣬ӹ·Цÿθ·˵ÿѴ϶ر
֪㲻ϲ̫ѣĶǱȽµŵģ¥ϲѾ¥µȴһˡ
ǰԸС˲ҪϢһȻۻˣ˯һ
ԭǰݽʳĽ˹ȥЦе˵ͷ϶һѡ
ڿջ򵥵ͣͻԼϲǸϣ˺͵ĵӣܱҪǿ١
⻹ǻӵһγôԶţһ쵽ſǰķ羰һҲԸ֣
ϲŵ˴ȥ棬ǱҪӳԱ龩ǵʳ˵ĻӿˮҪˣ̲סЦ
⺢Ҳͦ˷ģдţ˵һԼĶˣһ·ʲôϡ
һºǵ˾ǣŵ·Ըߴ̨ͤ¥̲ס̾ǾƯ
ѽԺӸҪˣȻҪ˿ʱȥǣ
ϲЦģȴƲƲ˵ҲŲǣһ쵽Ҿûʲôˣðʲô͸ʲô
ô˵ǲԵŶҲΪòǣѾˣԺűڻʹţһ飡
廹ŹеǱĽϰ䣬Ҳ˵ʲôܸʲôȥͻܷŶ
ЦЦԭҪѻӽԶ򽻺õһλģûϰ䣬պΪָСְλ
ȴǵôһӣӸϰպҪо̣̿϶Ҫսɳģһӵʱսϳʲô⣬ﻹ
һҪ㣬ֻ˶ΣûʱȭźõѧϰȻϲ߱ҲǺõġ
˵ʹͻȻ˵֪ģͶˣҪȥ˻ʹܶ˵ҪǻϻǱĴҲ˵
šģ
ֻ˵ʵϻʹļɻȥˣ֪ô˵𣬲Կ϶⺢ӽ˻ʹûǰôǿ϶ˡ
ʱڸϲһ˻ʹ浽ǸʱֻܰӻؼȥͿ⺢ܲܵ˻ʹѹ֣¶Ҫհɣ
ִﾩǵʱѾӽڣҲûڿջţֱȥ˽Զ򸮣µĺ򸮻ӸԾȡ
ЩطҪÿԭ屾ֺõط
˺ܸˣû꺮ůģǵðǰǻרŹˣŶòѽǺüʮûһ
ڸ׼ϯԼӷϴϲһһ⹫ŰѺүͺ˽еǽһ̵ġ
ȴԵЩнү״ʵϣļҵСӰĻͷԵģһǸϰĺӣ
΢ЦǺ۹⣬ϰ䷽ȷ츳Ǹ⣬ӴӴ˾ѧô
⹫Ҹһ£õˣֻԽӡ
֣µĸүܻӣ˵ĴΪľǲúүԼȥ
֪뷨ɵöͶȥһм
뻢ӳһͻһ͵ģҿ³Ե㶫ɣһ·ϸ·϶ҲûúóԹһİɣ
˿һ仢ӣȻȵǰǱȽ϶µģүûҲ³Զ
ԱŮ˸ĸۡ򸮻Ǻ͵ģڼڲǰʵʵԷĸģ˿úܰ
үһȢ庬ôһӣµڻһ׮̸أ
ٷһ˳ԵĶ㣬ү˻ӰסڱĸڣкĻʱܹȥ
ں˰ûмԵķݶϣҲƣǶһֱҹŻط
ʱ㻹ڴδ˯۾Щۡ
ô˯֪ĸ׺ò׼һο϶Ҫ˵ð컰ģôôɵ
´βˣʲôĵʱһ·Ϸʲôɶ޾ϸĶˣ
˯ǰ߶ţЩã˾˯ߡ
ҡҡͷ·ֱӾ˯
ں˶ЩʲôҲһЩ߰飬һЩϸС鶼ҪһӣʵЩܲ˵ģ
ֲò˺˵ĺ⣬ʱ򶼲ú˵ʲôүֱˣϾ֮ǰȣϣװ˵ĺöӣҪúѹ
ڶ죬һѣҲ֪ʲôʱˣһ£ʵЩۻˣһʱ֮Ȼ˯ͷˡ
ͣˣɾͽˣ
۾Ͳɵһ㶣ԻûӦͼűƿ򸮷ӵĴӵ˽
ĸףǡʲô𣿡
һ㣬ȻϴŹؾص£ʲôҲû©ʶñԼסһãĿԼ
ò˵ү˴˾ʵЩͻˣͲһſĳЩɶ
ôʲôҲûҪȻɾҪˣ
ү˿ûԼľٶЩʣֵ˵̫ɹƨ˻Ҳⶼʲôʱˣʰһ´̫ӹȥʥˡ
֪ˣĸȳȥʹ£
ң֪˼أǰ·ҰѾ߰㴩ģ
үЦЦתȥˣһ㣬û˵ʲôԼʼԼѴ
ǲøһȥʹģҪ̫żʵ糯ټ֮ǰҪװԼԱʵʱŵ岻ʧ
ǲȱѻǷ¹Ǻү˸׼ѣһۿȥۻҵ֡
˿ҽ촩ȥϱȽϺã
¹һ¶ɫƷѡƳһڵ׺ڵ׽ƵľͲ͵Լֲȥˣȥϣôôÿ
ЦЦû˵ó˵·֮һȥʱӦûܳϿ緹
.

߰ʮ£й

ʱϲӻӶڣϻµѣҲǺ˸ȥһѣոµѴڻټҵСһġ
ϲŶԶ˵Ҳû˵ʲôżʱ䣬ԼЩʳﵽУ
ʱˣеʳﶼûһǰʹӲܸŽһȥʵۣԺŻᰲ뱦顣
ߺڸдЩȤӳȥ棬˳ðһЩ⻢ӽУ͵öԴһЩ
ֱ߿ϡ͵ӣò˼ôӴӶһǿ˵Ҫˣ
⺢ʵȴԼĶҲǺܹأǺȴݳƷسǵۺ;Ȼûñȣպϰ߱ˡ
ʹ鷿
ʵ۸ոλĸһЩҪ񣬼ǴǰŸߺϲ鷿󳼿̫ӹȻҪ
ȻڹΪүҲкҪǸͨҲˣȴ̫ӹô꣬˵ǵĸܺãȻҪ鳼߿ۣԴǼҲȽϿ
Ҳһһ׶ĴкҲû׼仰ڴܹܵĴȥʵֻۣʵۼУԴܹܲһֱߴźӿߣҲûü֡
μʣ꣡
ʵۣ˻ʵ֮ףһиһͽе
ʵ۷еۣЦеĳ֣иƣƺһЩСԲģƵǳˣ㻹˰ͷ
˺ãɼͦģȰչ˺ӹȻǶԵģ
ʿƺ֮ǰһЩء
ϲϴ̵Ц˵ĻֱӲûʵۿһЦҲǣʲôǱԼĺӿԼõأ
һԿЩᣬϾԼôĺӣһӾͱ˱˼ҵģԼǰ⸸Тĳĵ׻ЩɬȻģ
ʵϲһôܹܰ˸ȥˣƺлҪ˵
ӺʹܹǰŸߣŻʵĿĿ˵޵ѡȻû̫ӹ㱣ĺܺãĳҲĸԸһ⣿
̫ӹǲְ𣬱˵ֻһССˣܾҲض㾡ȫ̫ӹģ
Լǲ񣿸΢ʱļˣ㸸˵벻ǰͲԸ⵱Զ򸮵ӣȷǰʧɢĺӡ
ʵ۵һһ䶼ĳĿģҲţ΢΢һЦδͱ¹ˡ
ҲǸöõ˲ţھıٲˣ볯ΪٶȻһ١
ƣǰĿ˵ˣ
˼һ£ֱӹߵףЩֵ̿˵ߵл¡ˡܴ볯Ϊʵǲ֮¶׼̡
ûа·ͨĹΰ뷨ûʵͦ͸СسʲôãȻҲֱӾܾһƽƵĵ·
֮򣿡
ĸûʵ۲ɵһ£ͬһʱʶһ˵Ĳ࣬˶и֮ĵط ΨûС
һӣƺʹתʵ۴û֮һʣҲûǰô˵
ǮȨʲôأ
ˣҪվڸߴ˵
Բӣ޿ˣôҲ㸸ĸأô꽫λأ㾹ȻΪʲô֮򣬲߾Т
㸸Ҳս˥ˣԶҪ̳УǵĶӣ̳кλ¿ɷ㲻ɣ㻹ʲôһҪƧȥģ
ʵһʵĬܸ߻ʵ뷨ǸСسﰲȵҪǴȥȻҪָ㣡
˵ʲôԼڵ߾Тֻ
˰ɣҲӣձٵھǺúþТɣҲ̫ܳӹǿǰ㵱ġ
ʵһ֣ôˣݲܾ
ڣźү˺Ȳ죬ͼͺүظˣֻһʲôһǺүüҼ͸¶һЩƼϲɫ
ôˣȥʱ򻹺úõģôͦ˵ӣ
ү˸о̳ԼɷʣѾ²üܣԼǲڹб۸ˣǻϲˣ
ģ׼Ƕ볯Ϊ٣ھǣߺúþТҲܶȥ̫ӹ
үȲĽϢԼˣֻ庬üЦⲻǼӦøеĲǣ⺢Ϊʲôˣ
ûУֻ岻ˡ
ڷϣĿϣҪôԼϱү˵Ҳá
ʱ䡣
Թ緹طЪϢΪպھǣ볯Ϊ٣ү˸ˣ򸮵ĳһĺòף
ȴûгԶ٣ûиеˣǼһ糣óԳԸúȺȿϲŭӡ
ԽԽ÷飬һҲ²͸Լϱ˼
ϲعû뵽ܵϵĿȥɲðˣǺأ
ǰ߶ţ㿴һۻ˵϶ô˵ˣǻɶسˣҪǿּʵҪˣֻʵھǴˣô㻹˸ٵ
볯Ϊ٣ҸңڵĹӣ
ס֣ȴԷһ´ֱϣˣܲΪ㿹ּҪش̷ʵܰɡ
һʵ˵ҲĸĸȷҪ㣬ô˵ȷе㲻˵Ȼǽ°ɣ
һ͸Ƥ˵°ɣԼ߾ͺѽ
뻹ǲˣֻһʱᶼᱻţ¶ҪԼ·ˡ
ûкѽܴܲھǣﻹܺһ㣬ͬʱҲЩΣϾԼӦҪسǹӵġ
ر֪ʵּھʱûпŲǺܶ£ּⱻʵ֣νھ£
ûջʵ۾ʹٸǰ¶һ֣Ȼ˳µķּ㴫˹ȻֱӲΪ
ȻֻһѰΪһǰ̫ӹйģҲòٹԱףء
ԶصҲ͵Ϊף˽磬˲ٹԱͣүΪҲǷѾģ˲ԼõĹԱǻһ㡣
пү˺ȻҪһЩΪͺү˲һ¡
.

߰ʮ£ҵ

ڣү˴ĵ͵ݻȴһԼװ磬ͷɸ˵ķ٣ֻ֧һֻԽ𻷡
ȹһտɫȹҲŶʮͣȴȺү˻ѵĺү˻һɫƵȹأ
һװﲢûʲôף·ĵһۺүҲǰһֲʳ˼̻ʡ
𴩽֬Ĩ۵ĹټСҪͻ٣ӣӵеģ϶ҲҪڲͬģ
еȴôãͺүбǱߴͣŮ߾ͽүˣټС㼰˸ǰǵע
һǼԼ͵װ磬ò˵أװǵ͵Լ˵ɾˣ
úȻЩζϣ
ȻǶװǿ𣬵ϻǿͿģϾ˼ôҲƾһ֣ĵλͱһ㸾˸ߡ
ҲЩС̸ںһ𣬲ɣǿʵûʲôĵģЩŮĵ޷Ǿ鱦ΣҪԼӳ˵£˵ҼŮĶвŻ׵˰ż̤֮ģ
ʵЩӲȥģӵ֪ʶɶҽѧǾһģǺүûŮֻø˿ԼϱãԱҲȱ˸͡
үʱ˲ٲˮʼȥé˵һȸţȥéͻء
Ҳûʲô£ӦЩˣүϲĹȴǽԼĶϱ
ֻһ΢ϸŮ˸˵˵ǸҰôһȿһ㲻ð񡭡
ŮԺǸһʲôˣ֪ȴһܸƥϣ
ˣĺÿЩʵϻƧˣ㿴ȣ֪Ǹѧ죬ǿŵģ㿴һװ磬ˮġ
ӦŮ˽éģҲǽж仰Ůġ
˵ҲǣүôͿôѵŮˣҪ˵үǿĺܣϧΪ˸ҪȻ
ȼ֮صش˼ùģҪǱүн˺򸮣λɾˮǴˣ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôԴү˴é֮ĸо̫ԣĿ޵߿
һͷˮɵҽȥһԼǲǷٻˣȻûУܲ²͸ˣ
ȤǳԳԺȺģΪҪ˼̬Ķ̫ܳ࣬ʵĵĽֻҽʱ뿪¡
ڷЪϢʱү˹ˣʵôˣĶҪҪҸƣ
ãҾе㲻ϰô˶ѣŲõңʲôҲûУ
˵үҲûིʲôˣһ˼ӣҲ֪ĥʲô
ò׵ȵֱ̱ڴ齣һ̫ˣάֱͦһеᱳʹˣ
Ϊάָ̬Ҳ̫ˣû㿪ʼسˡ
ļģºͳȵ𣺡㣿˯ˣ
ûǱߵҲ˰
ţȶˣЩŰ˸ߵģ
ϴЩߣƺҲͦ۵ģ
˵˾˵˵ڹŵôˣ
ȻûʲôˣڱҰ߰Ȼһϰ䣬Ϊ̫ӣҲܹʫȭŹûһ㡣
ʵǱߵû˵ʲôϾҪӺͱС˹ϵ϶һ˺ãҲպӻᱳѱ
Լ̫ѨʵеۣӦһЩԱˣΪ˻ӵ»ôһ»ʵ۵˼Ҫûڱ߲ɡ
ô˵ЩҲܾôѻͽȥǲ͵뻢ʵҲȰع۲ŵ㻢ӣвױ뷽跨û뱦Ӵ
Ҳû뵽ʵ˿رΪùϡٵԭɣһ£ҲǴš
˵Ѿ£ˣӶٵĿʺԼôҲûһӣ
˵ʲô˵ǻʺӲã׻ϣôܲҲһɣ
Ͼ¹ػʵ۵ϣ˵ҲҶʣһʵ۶ֻ鷳ˡ
ڶա
Ÿ˯ѣѾ߸Լױ磬ǰͷүߵŮ˹
㹧˵ū澼˽ū澹仰˵̫ߵŮٹˣһμӹ磬Щū澳ȥһλŮٴˣ
ͷӦѾٱ죬һٺܿãһҵĵطûУŮǰ
ͿүһλŮٴŮ˵ȥϱ밲
ˣٰùá
ùúã
ʵʵĶŮʩһ񣬱һ仰Ҳû˵ݺһʵͽŮˡ
һŮ٣ܵһֻٰŮվֵ̿˵ϣɷ¹ˣ¹ܵһݡ
ٰùǫˣ˭֪̫źʮˣ̫չ˵ĺܺݹ;ܼˣ
үҲͦ˵˻һٰҲͲ˵ʲôˣİõźү˵𾴡
ٰеһκӽУǿ˵̫¹ؽģμӽҹ磡
һֱ̫ǰĺã̫֮ﻹأӿɻϲ
󹬺λգӡʵ۽̫󹬣ⳤҲ̫߸ʵ۲ŷġ
ٰһֱ̫߶ƽﳤô̫κ˶֪ǰ˶պٻٲˣȻҵģ
еĺӣֻڷһ֧ĵ̫͵Ķ˵ãֻһ۱ص̫µȻǼõģвϲ֮
Ҳôǰ磬Щ̫ʵŮʲô֪ô˵ȽϺá
ٰŮٰ͵عˣﲻȱʲô·ΣϵүҲżðʲô
ֻҹ٣ƥѱķ䣬ʱҲѣһ°ɫߵȹ̫ʹ͵ĽΪͦ
Ǻү˴ȴ˵ѣرÿҪ㻹ǻһɣҰѡ֮ǰһֱСسǣԾǵ֪·ڱпǲ̫ÿġ
.

ٰ߰ʮ£΢ĳƺ

ֻү¹Ҳûֱۣ·
ϵسȹ̲ס˵ţ·̫׸ˣҲǺϲ
ʲôôѾ߻ȹӵģ컻ϣȻҿɲˣ
үƳһۣúһŮӣֲǽߵģȻ·׸
ǴСƧģ˵ҰŮӻµظɻ·ʽҲܼ࣬ѹȹ׸
ôţү̲סֹҪϰڵˣµظɻ·ԴЩģõ׸
⻰ое㲻ԣʲôû˵ߺүˣǵַݻȹӶѣǸǰµظɻйϵ
ȻǰͨԼ˫ҲˣȹӲǴ𣬾Ǹ˲ϲˡ
оϻףȻǾŮ˶ϲ·Ҳһˣñ˵Լ࣡
ʵĻȹүŸһѡ˲θϣ㶥Ž鱦濴һۺүˣ޲ðѺ򸮵ȫҵ׶ϣ
Ҳö˵ʲôܾݻɡ
ҹ̫µģֻһЩŮȥԾֻкү˺һȥˣʱѾвٷС㵽ˡ
ү˼ǺĴкһЩ֮ǰ磬ģҲܶ㣬ֻܸԼŸλСк
ʱỹûʼǴѾڴںõǰˣ̫ϸһ̫ݵڳ˷׷
̫ǣϲСֶ˵ƽɣҹ粻ôأҶЩ
̫Լλϣһŷ׷ϲҲ˲̫󣬾ֱܵߣʮЦףߡ
㿴һֻ̫͵̫ǺͰ׵ȻǾһɣʱ乫ûٸ˵㡣
˵ôһңôͬʱ⻹չ˺õģİȲˣ
̫ޣ
ǫĻһ䣬Ҳ˵ֻϲС֣⼸ڹĺòá
ֻϲͷһ򵥵ķ٣֧С϶ԴֻϸԲĽӣϸǴŽ󣬿ĺܺõҲͷˡ
˵ҹ磬ʵ⹬ԳԺȺģʵ̫һ˹µôƵľٰᣬЩ븾еơ
̫ߵٰŮ֣һȺŽΪ¶Ů룬Ǳ㿪ʼȻ裡
ЩŮòҲȽϺÿ˲֪㿴ͦҪ֪Ů˱˿Ǹ˶ġ
Ҳ֪ЩŮʲô裬ֻǵ˸Ტõģ֧ĸ߳һ⾹ȻһŵΪ֧󲿷֡
ƵûͦҲ֪˭ôɧôһ֡
ѭŵȥֻſһɫȹŮִһ֧ɫȲŮĵĶˣһ˫ǰ˵ģֱˣ
˵ڳʦĶأԭǰƽģǾѹˡ
Ŀ̫һλЩͽĿڣ˵ƽͻȻŮӺү˲ǰҲ
֮ǰᣬλ͹ӣǴŮȴһۣү˲ôûòˣϧȻû
ԵʱԴŮӡЩ̵ģû뵽һȻǱѰ
治òȡˣʵǰŮӸһʮְĸоү˵ŮʮвŻòҲ̫ŮǾǹϵĵһŮ
һȴΪдеãŻͦȴô
ѾͷԽԽˣҲء
ְ̫ƽˣȻֵ˼ȴ簮
ôһ˲䣬ʶĿϲһۣ̫ôϲԼǸŮ֪ôŮ᲻Ůã
ϲЩޱӣֻƽⲻ·µžͲҪƽС˰ɣҪǲˣŶⲻǺˡ
ⰲƽ̲סҪǸ˭ѳֵס˵ʲôֱʲôˣĶ˲
ʵ֤̫Ҳϲ˶Ŀڵɴôⲻǰ
Ŷôⲻǰʫǵ壿
ⰲƽ˵Ҳһ˼Ӹ߹ֻŮŻ裬Ӳ˸ǰ裬ųֻԼ֮衣
ڻһ仰ܿƽ֧裬Ҳֵã
ĶǸⲻǣԼͷϽʵŰɡ
̫ͻȻЦЦҲŮˡ
Űƽĵⳡǳ׵˸߳з˰뿪Ц˵ԼŮ̫ݸģⰲƽһһǱ׳ˣ
ǣƽǾǵһŮ˭ܸһϸߵͰǲ
Ϊ̫ĳ谮ɣⰲƽһֱͦ˰ͽģ㵹ûУĸϲһԶӸ첲̣ԶһĲ˶еġ
ȫעڰƽǣûע⵽ϲҲֵڡ
ἴʱʵ۴һ¹ڽϲ㳯֣ϲܹȥڻʵߣʵ˵ؼˣ˰ɣҲ޶߶أ
ǸʿɲڹסЩʱգ컹ûĸء
ϲһڽлʵһʣֽһһĸףое㡭ĸо
ү˱˸оģλ˵ûʲôֻʵۺ˳ӵ˵УкѣǾ׹ȥס죬ҲԸŹȥ
ʵϲСӣǳ谮ŮģҲͷˣ̫ƫǸŮֻҪʵ۳谮ϲ͹ˡ
ûү˻غ򸮣ϲһתȥ̫ϲô׽Ҳû˵ʲô˰ƽڴס¡
ʱһ鿴ЩĲɵӣһԵĻӿʵڿȥӱ˵Ҫͱˣһֱ˯ˣ
һˣ˻飬ôⶫȽ϶࣬ҪȻ۾ˡ
˯ţϧˣᶼɢˡ
ҿǰ׸˵ģܴܵôлѽ
ϲƤЦŤͷһһЦݵվԼԶʱе鱾ˣû˵ܵǰ
.

ٰ߰ʮһ£Ծ

ˣ
ģĵ׵Ҳˮӿ˳˱е˵ôڹﻹϰ𣿡
ãھϰ𣿡
ĸһ˺ð죬Ҳ˲˯컹ҪϿʲôˡ
ڶһס죬űӸ̫飬ֻ߸Żʵ۰ŵĽϰ䣬ϲճŵǺɡ
ϰ࣬ڶĳԶָķ˳ԣϲҲţһˣ
˵ѧˣԺ󱦶ҪЩϲͿԣһǰϲߵһЩֹŮжˡ
ԽԽĲˣҲǸ¶Ͼڹǽء
ʱѾסˣһȥûأүҲü˵ʲô˵Ҫϳʱ˳ӻڹסʱҲǸ¶
֮ǰϹһһ׵Ľͬʱֽлʵ۸ʣܸоʵۺϵеЩ˴ӹӳñ˽ӡ
ͷл̫ӣɵøһȻѾڣͲҪˣöӰ졣
ȴûô࣬ʵˣ׼ϳ˽ӻ˳ȥ
ڶһ磬ϲӳԹ緹ֱͦ׼̫ν̫̫ӵʦܸ̫ӵʦһѧϰоʮң
ԱȶԴһӽʱҪˣ⿴ҲȽοҪǻĸ׼Լڿѧϰһܸ˵ġ
̫һԹ۵㵹Ҳûʲôͨһ̸̫ͦôŮˣĲ˵ܰԼĵĶԴֺܺõƷ̫ͺͣ
˵⼸ӽ̵رãԸ滹ѧϰ棬ŮӶ徭ʵѵá
ʱڱ䳡ԣ⼸ѾѧЩĹͷʽ쵹ûʲôҪѧģҪ֣
ϲһԹս㳯˹ȥϲûֵ̫ Ͼÿ춼ϳҪ³ǰ̫ǰһܼ
̲סЩȵףôˣҲϲ𣿡
غ򸮵ģѾڹסˣʱȥˣӾͻͷ
ЩεĿһ㣬źӾԼɷˣҲûٱӸҪôҲԼ
ǸСûĵģҲ˹ˡ
аɣǵȱǱߣ˵һ
˵ͷĿ˱䳡ϣӸԾǻӸʤһҲϣԭͱȱϰ磡
巽Ҳȱ׳ʵ٣ȲһζڷҲŻһ¾ȭҹȥ￩һ£æָ̧񵲣ҪǾҪèˡ
ǵ˰еʹҲûеһֻЦСģΪһᴷ㲻ɣɵģ
Ϲȥװ˵ˣҾٳԵ㶫û˿ɾʹ򲻹ˡ
ѽҴ˻УҵĻʳ
ϲһֱֵЦⳡҲͽˣȻǻӻʤҲûֵĺܲˣ
ѻӺͱй˵һ£˱׼ˡ
ƽӹгƼƿĳ棬ǿǿӲɵһ¡
Ҳ˲ˣٰŮٵָȥʵոʲôˣ
ǿǽԶһӣǸŮ˾ǰЩҹҲ
ԭǾǽԶ򸮵үǾΪˣ
ƽԵĸ̾һ䣬ִĻСöٰһ԰ı龡۵ףҲ˵ʲô
߰ƽٰص˴̫޼ԣʵͻȥˣ⺢Ҳǵģֻڹסˡ
ǣū澿ſŻģյſڱ˽Զ򸮵үһ䣬ǾΪˡ
ٰͷζ˵
̫Ž֦ӵֶһ£𣿸ҲȥŶ޵ģжÿ
ӻʹص򸮣ֿʼԵҲ֪ү⸮޲ģļˡ
Ҳ֪سǱߵôˣﵹǻ֮⻹Ҳܶһ棬ʱ仹ûյǵأ
ʵ̫ԶǿӱޣдţյҲð¡
Ѱ˼ҵĸ˻幤ôټĺ򸮣ҲòŮ˻ٷԶַ·ʵû¸ɣͲеȥԼָͷˡ
˹λҲʱʱ̿ߣȥɢɢȥĶֻԼѾȥ
ǸżѾҲɣⲻǲܵģҲľˣҲͿʼ
ʱ䡣
ү˽ȥ裬Ȼ󿴸ϷȻЩѽѽϷûȤȥе˵ȥҲ͸˹ȥˡ
򸮻иϷ̨ӣרΪ˺ү˿Ϸ㽨ģүѾ̨¿ϷӳϷֱߵϰŲٵģ
ȥ£ү˱Ҳû˵ϷȻԼĿתĶϷ̨ӡ
ϷûȤ˼˵ϣ΢Щҭ˵ĵģԼ˵ţĳЩҭˣҪˣȥЩһĳ
Ϊү˻ͬģϾ˭Ҳ뿴ԼҶϱŶյİɣǺүȴͷҲص˵һȥѬǵĵطԽʲôôӣԶ֡
Ϊôһ仰үƺе㲻ˣĿһֱϷ̨ȴûոôרע񶼲࿴һۡ
ͻȻ֮ǰү˻߸˵ĸ˽ԼҫԼôŰͱɽˡ
·ʲôǲԵģҲ֪֮ǰҪ˳Եġ
ֱһϷ㶼ûж죬صԼƣſڴϣʱıôһĻ
㣿ôˣܲ˵ӡ
ûаͦ˰ʲô𣿡
ɴЬһѣһڴϻ˵ҲɣǽϿ˫ȫҲдĲܳƵˣ
ĿĿһۣЩԾʵҼǵáǰôЩ徭֮鼮ɣ㾹Ȼдˣ
ⶼʮǰѧĶˣǰʵ
ҲʲôԼĵ
.

ٰ߰ʮ£һѾ߾͹

ֵҲû̫ȣ͵Ŷһûôģʲôʱģ
˵Ͽ˫ȫ᲻Ȼ󽻸ȥ죿
˵ǵģҲһܻв˶ᣬЩ黹ܹʤΣôˣ
͸ое㲻Ծֻ㿴ܵ˵سǿܸһȥˡҪԼȥ
һɫֱӾܾôУǵسɽ·Զģôһ˻ȥ
ʮԼҽݣ̣еֲҩģһ쵽æµҲȤ˵䲻ĻûǸ
ôˣھǴĲ𣿻˵˭۸ˣ
ҡҡͷû˭۸ңҪ̫ˣһ쵽ںתƣȥҲûʲôģ⣡
ԭΪ죬Ұ鷳½ˣҾ취ȥЩӡ
ҲûвͬȥѾĥδȥЩʱգڰԼϱسԼؾܵġ
̲ס㣬ҪǼ²˵ģ
Ҫҵ̫Ŷ
ҲóԼĵԼϵ飬ȻһسǣʵҲԼܻȥԼ
ǵҲûż˯׼ӼԼϵ鷳½ү˰ҹϲȴ鷿ŵƣ
ү˲֪ôΪɶ˯鷿Ǳȥţүһ۱㿴Լǰܱʼ顣
ɴŽȥʵô˻˯ʲôҪ鲻ٰôٰ۾ˣ
Ҫ֪Զɽһүƽʱæ㲻˯ֻһСжҹ˯ҲҪꡣ
ĸôˣôҲ˯ⲻ˯ţԾͰЩ߰С´һ£
Ȼ˵ֻЩС£ҲҪ洦ð
Ҿ·鷿ž͹˯Ҳవʱдֻ۾ģдˣ
үǿƵİëʴùЩεĶôѽĸ׶ˡ
ĸ׵׼ûĸ׻ܺ㲻ɣ
Ҳ˵ˣԼĸװëߣһдĶЩ˵ЩëƤСôƴ˵䲻ģ㸸һϣ򸮶ģ㲻ôƴģ
ĸײҪ˵ǿ׳ģ˵ʲôҲΪģһֱЩģڼسǱ̫ġ
Ը˵ȥҲץһЩ´ȻȥƣʲôûС
ͻȻоΪͷۣô˵أԼĸƺܰԼԲʲô˵ԼôƴŬΪ˹λһ¥Ƶġ
һ˵سǣүЩˣھ˼찡ȥҾ벻ˣ⾩ôһطܸһسǱȣ
ҪʲôûУҲǣԺȲżϷڸߥسǣ
Ͳܿһģһ찡ҪߣǶˣҲѹ˼ҳ˵Ȣϱ仰
үҲ˵ĻᣬԼһ˵һѻ㿪ʼ
ͷˣúǰŮ˺һ£Ȼĸ˵ʵڻûԶɽôõȥ
ѽĶȥˣǻȥһۣȻͻҶ볯ΪˣܲܿŹλôҪ鲻سǰɣһʥϹأ
ĸԼĸ׽ͣҪ᲻Ҫˣǵ㶫дȥ˯ģû칦˯˵ˡ
һĻү˵һػװһ·ģԲþ˯õģҪôڰ
ЩȻܹԼĸ׵뷨ʵڲее
㿴һ̫ԶֲԼôһڣ
ү뷽跨ֹسǣǺ˵˵˺ð죬ԶɽԼûӵӰѰ
Ȼ˺ȥ˯ģһ취ûУƽĸ׿ʮҪ뿪庬ǹִĺܣ
벻ߣ뷽跨ߡ
صʱ˯𣬶ڸոշһ֪
ڶһ磬һȥ緹庬ƺѾָˣûسǵ飡
ŷΪһ緹ܺúóˣԶɽѾãٺˡ
緹ԹȥԼϵ鷳£ԶɽҲȥ˻ʹ϶ʱֻʣͺүˡ
һߣиʣһգү˱˵£Ҵȥɣýһ˳ʲôģͼͷҲа
ðȻȥǱȥɣ
ڼҴҲû¿ɸɣ˯£һֱ˯Ȼѣ˶ӹرΨʵЩܲˡ
ϱһļϣͰ׼ȥ£ȥĶǷǸˣ˵ʢԸҲȽ飡
ԷûʲôȤȥһɢɢҲǺõģȻƻˡ
˴ϳһʱͣµɽ£žҪԼˣڲҪܸߣҪȻͲ˵ˣү⽿δܵˡ
Ҳ֪ү˽ΪɶͻƽʮլģǱ룬ҪȻԼլԺﲻȥҲñơ
ΪǾ·˶ԵʣʱȽϲͷ㣬ûֱ˵úү˶ߣ
ѾůˣҪû¿Գȥ̤̤ʲôġ
ȥµ·Ȥһûһĸү죬ûү˾Ȼʮ˵һļҲʱܳˡ
ٹЩʱҪ̫ɹƤִۣ󣬶ѩ䣬˵ǲǣ
ֻЦЦʲôҲû˵û뵽ԼžȻ紵ܲõĵز
һɽɢɢ˶֮࣬㲻ǺϲڼƣŵĻһһѾ߾͹ˡ
ϲԼȥ棬ϾСӣôչ˿ţ
ڽǳһԵʣȥµ·ϴȱ·ˣойټҷ˴ԼĶϱ߹Ůģү̹ĺá
Ҿʹһˣһ·ϺүҲͲȱ˵ˣˤ˻߿ĵˣ
.

ٰ߰ʮ£

ΪȥҪɽԽү˿ص㴩һȹεĻûٴһ۾ܿԼںǮݺӡ
˰ΣڽӽʱʱڿǰֵӴﻹԸķ˱Ҫү˷ֵˣ
˼ҪȥӹǱ߻Ըү˾ǵһ£Ǯˡ
λԸķߺ󣬺ү˰ͻȻ㿪ڵ̫ӹҲˣʹʲôʱӰ
˵⸮˼ӣȻֲٵģ岻ã˵׼ʲôʱûˣ֮ǰϸŶ
ү룬ԼӾͲ̫ӹǰˣͬʱ̫ӹҲͬ˻Զ㡣
ǵײǼҵĺӣһףǵô˾Щף;컳ӷɢһעɡ
˺ҪչˣͲȤȻҪСسˣүã㲢Ǻܵسǵ⣬뵽ҴڼҴסˣ
оϻ˵ĺðνһӣүҲûӴȻǿʲôǺõġ
ӴĶˣ˲һˣͳˣЩϺү˾;Ҳôõˡ
ᵽԼһ㲻ɵһ£Ҳһ˵ѽ
ʵҲûԼʲôģһǹŴҽи˵ڹŹһˣͲǺӵˡ
⸱Щ⣬СʱԲůģҲûкö٣˸ǣ뻳ϡЩѶȣ
ǸӵĻǺûٶ˵һֱΪϲͲǺҪˡ
һĸףĸ뱧ӣɾеѰˣ
Ҳǣһȥ˵˵㱧ӣҲȥӹǱ߰һ°ɣ˵һµĹܻϡ
˵˵ʱүҲ˵ʲô޲ɽ˵ϽԼŮ
㲻ȥʲôӹͲסү̫أӲӹĸǰֻ÷ܵİһ£
ȻҲżظԹիִ֮˰βŻغ򸮵ġ
򸮵ŻûԼһ㿴үվڸſڵˣԼһ˵ԶɽЦϽĺܿİԺɵöŶȥ棬˵ʱ򣡡
Цűӵ¶˸ˣĶΪȥ˵ѽ
үĸ첲õģ˵ȥӹϣұϴӣɵŬ㰡
ڶ˵Ҳס̲סԼĸȽ˵İɣ¡İڷܼ˵ģ
ҹ
ûץʱ䴦ϼëƤСˣǴú㣬Ϊоȥǿĵģȴ֪Ϊʲô񲢲ĵӡ
Լʲô˱ˮȻ󻺻˵ĸӵ飬ô
𣿻뿴ϲ뷨Ͼô꣬էһϺٶѹʲôġ
ͷƺĥʲôҡҡͷ˵ͲҲӣ
һ㶣ſھͻصǾͲˣͲҪһСЩġ
㻳Ϻӡ
㲻Ϊβ𣿡ķӦô˵أеϣ֮УԭǾԼͬ⣬Ϊ֮ǰ˵֮Ļ
ֺǿЩʲôֻҪ˵һͬġ
ɻԼһ˵ҼӵģӲԼס̫ΣˣҲҡ
ˣ˵Ҷ֪ģͲҪǻϲڣ
Ļû˵ͱϣ̧۱ƼһĿԼʱԼûڵĻ
סʮ˵ȻôΣգôֱʧȥ㣬ǻ˰ɣĸǱ㲻õģȥͬ
ͷҲͲٶ˵ʲôɽɽֵ˱ֱӺϢ
ΪȸܺسǿǵȴǻʵָϢͦΣӦȴû
㻹ǽˣҪյ˻дţҲżдһŲȥ͵ʲôʱЩ˺һȥ
Ҫʵڳ鲻Ժһ£ȥܹ˰ɡ
ȥʱ仹û죬ģҪ³ӣ㶼׼ֱ˯ˡ
ȴϢ˵ϲˣʲôµӣֻôæ׺ȥ
ֻϲλŮСż֮ɫֱӳ˹ȥ
ףܵˣһֱղ˻˵̫ҽ޲ߣȥɡ
㿪ϲһ齲˳ö޳ˣû룬ŤͷԼ˵ȥ˵һ
ýڼңԶɽһȥ£ҲȺү˵ʲô͸ϲһˣ
żæŸϵʵڶǰźüɪɪ̫ҽҪ񣬵ǻʵ۰ڰ֣ʾˡ
ҽȥ̫Ӵһɣһֱ˵һ߶һ߶͵ġ
ͷϲһȥʱ˿̱ټĴϣֻлһţСűĶͷֻһԸż
Ѱ׹ˡ
ǵߵǰ˱ϧûκηӦҲûٽƤһ¡
ڴߵĻʵΪʲôͻȻգˣ
ûаôչţôǺľˡ
̫ҽô˵ģ
ҩҲˣǱ˷ǵû÷ˣֱ˯жвѡ
⻰˵տʼǲģôҲ
ƿ汦ߣȴȻֱϾȻźӣĸ첲ϸһ£ʼطûгЩ
ڱĲӺ棬Լ˺ӣԺ󱳼ΪأΪڴϣԲױ˷֡
ʲôӣ̫ҽʱûⶫİ
ҲһصĶűϵӣֻҡͷ˵Ҳӵԭкܶ࣬飬֮Ȱѱȥ׼Щˮ
.

ٰ߰ʮ£ڹ

תȥ׼ЩǳȥѸոյ̫ҽҹоһ±ӵԭʲô
ֻ֮ǰԴҽԼĺ˵ǱҧӣԭϷûп̫ӣֻΪȾ˷纮
Ȼ㻹̫ץҩ
ʵŭĿԲӿȺҽһȺͰƽֻѸ˼ֵĸһ̫˺Ӷ֪
ҽæϳˣϳȥ̫ҩڳӵĵطܿģա
ҽôһѣʵ뵽ʲôɫ漴Ҳƽ
ҽȥҩǰⶫĴȫ򿪣ҲҪ̫ӸôصıӣҪȻһЩ
ףЩȡҩɣ
ҽҴҵȥʵ۱űƺصĿ˺üܹܷŻȥϢˡ
ŴţȻˮﱦźӵĵطƺǸоȵûôˣһֱŵüͷʼ滺
Ҳڲڵ˵Щ˶ĺˣ
Ҳ֪ҽȥȡҩˣһֱӰȵҹûʵҲṳ̂㶫ˣ㲢ûںһֱҽҩ
һֱˮ壬ʱʵЩסˣƤӿʼܣϲҲڱĴǰֲס˯˯ˣ
ǻӼʵ˵ӰѶҰɣޣ˯һȥɡ
ã˯ɣһУ
ܾ˻ӣôһԼչ˱Ҳˣڱ¶һĵģһֱű
ڱǱʲôݵ˾û֪ˣϾǳһ˭ܿһ²Ǻ㶼ϡ
ץеëţҲִĲ˯һչ˱ڱûôˣϵڣƺб˵ӡ
һֱʱҽǰҩˣҽ㴭Ŵ˵õȣϷˣҩȥһûˣҹģ̫ӵͼϰɣ
ҽ
Ҳ˲λ˼ʲôһû˯ΪҩȻͣ͹Ѿܲˣ֮
ǿ۾Ĩҩ࣬ȻʮֲĵĿűʱıڱǰһĻ
۵¸ֳɫһû˯ӣʵһҲշתߣӲǰʱܽ
ҽ˵ǱʲôŶԵĳҧŻӣӷա
һֲ˯ǰȥļ򣬶˵˯һɣｻңҸּڹһ졣
ǷѶһţſڴ߾˯˵ӣ
ʱѾ磬ҪΪűֱ˯ˡ
۱㷢ԼڱˣҲ֪ʲôʱŲƫϢ㴩Ь´ȥ
ûס·ͿЩƣżæŵʵôûкһ㣿
Уеģ̫ˣǱѾл̫ˣҪȥˣһȥúϢһ£
ô˵һ漴ֻصƫϢΪû˯õԵʣƫܿ˯¡
һŻʵۺ̫ߵʱȥɫָʱҲǳ׷ģ
ҲûкܾãҹʱֱѹػȻЦСһǱѵģĵġ
ûΪ嵭ԼСˣҽģڲ˳Ե̫ȣҪ嵭Ż
еİ࣬ʵʵһȵһ룬Ϊ廹ȽԱ˾˯ˡ
ϲԼŻƫϢ˯ʱŸû³ϢҲû𴲿ȥ
һֱ˯ʱѾûʲô󰭣Ȼû͸ûغˣϾ⹬﹬Ů̫ô࣬òһүһչˣ
ʵ۲ϲףʲôһֱıأԾӲᣬǺĳ
պ󣬱ָѾܼϿΣҲ׷Ҳһɷƽ˾ӣҪ˵ʲôͬĻǴžǺүˡ
һլ˵ģûµıȥ棬ڸɵʲô£֮ǲڼŸɵۣ
۵𽥵ҲͲسǿˣԼĵһĿĴɺүǷǳ˵ġ
Ȼǵڶˣ鷿æµһСѲȥû˵㳶˺ϡ
ĿʮԣΪӵôˣⲹǳ롣
е£ǰĸ˵ĸףⲻѾ̫ӹ⻹ôű¶
ү˲ķôҵŮǽ꣬ջǱϽˣֲһֱߣĹϵͻᵭ˵Ǹˣ
ģĸ׶ˣҼǵ֮ǰΪϲ̫ӹͦԺôͻȻַҪӳˣ
⻹Ϊ룬Զһ£̫ӹһֱ߰ɣǵʱ˭գԻǵԼıȽϺá
ĸףӲΪ˸ԼնģҪεģôôأ
һֱãమ֮˵ĽᾧһߣΪ˸գĺӣḺѺӴãղҪġ
ӸҲһЩ㲻ǳû¸ɣҪͻæµˣôڣ
ү˵ģƺسǿ뷨ǲһΪ룬ʲôɽ·Զһ·ģʵϾԼѶһֱԼߡ
û뵽ô겻ߣү˶ԶӵռôߣûиоʲôůԼĸ뷨Щס
Ķ˵˵ѵģĸױҸ̥ʮСģҪŹһ⣬ٸɥ
ҲԸЩͷԲӣϲĶԴѾˣҪӳ
үһ⻰ɵЩˣһ˵˵ʲôֻҪŮ˶ҪɷӵģΪȢʲôģڹ𣿡
źүҲ벻˱Ӷİɣ
.

ٰ߰ʮ£Ϊ

һү˴ͳ뷨಻ԸеͬͬԼĸ뷨ǲãҲͬ
ĸҲŮˣôŮĸ͸ǹһˡ
ôһ仰ȥˣүһ˴վԭأףҪǰԼĶӣôܻ᲻ӣأ
û˼ΣգԲԸӣҲûүԼӿһߣ
ԴⷬǺܺõ̸֮Լĸ֮俴䵭˲٣үǿＱòһĶӣôΪһŮ˾͸ֱŤˡ
ûоԼˣûү˵ͷһĿʱҲ浽͸˲Ż
˵Ӻү˲ɵЩżæЩԵȥúðĸӸ齨
Ҳˣ̬ȴûиı٣䵭úүһ漴ѹ
ڶһ硣
㿴үԼ͵͵Ḭ̃ɾ
Ϊʲô㵱Ȼ֪Ϊʲôģ˵ûԼҲˣⶼҪǲһԵòˡ
ֻװʲô֪ģʵһģôޣʲô¶ˣ
үס֣һĵ˵ôûͣһûʲô飬ǰʲôʱܽұӡ
ҲǳڹģҾͶôһ䣬˭֪ȻҲ׼ӣ˵ôУǶҪˣ
Ҿ಻ƽΪһŮˣȻԼĺӣΪҶ˵˼仰͸ֱŤˡ
㲻˵ү˼װ˵˵ĸ׵ĻΪãôܾҪһһðŰ
һΪѵӣʵҲй˼ɵģ̫ӹôҲ֪ģô̫ӹӶԴû˱Ҹ
ӶҲǿıȻ϶ҪʹҲԸһԼ˺˸̫ӹ֮ĸ飬ԲŻ᲻Ҫġ
Ҹս̫ӹ˵һˣôΪǾҶϺһúõŮ˼ӶͲñ
үϵı֮ɫȻһգ޲ھȥʹϲҪԼˣǲҪ
ǲеรҪ֪ȥ̫ӹ˵ӵ£ֻڸ㵽ʱǵϽͣ
㿴޹ˣү˵Ǳү̫ˣûĻһ㡣
˵ʱү˹ȻĬˣûиոô־
˵ҸôүһĿ֮ɫֹˣڻصǻͷȰȰɣҪˣһҲҪŵ㣬ԸͲҪǿȻ˭Ҳ˵ġ
ǰŮǸӣȫ֪ôȥӽϲǺԸȥʱǿǣ
һ˸ֱŤӱͬҪһЩٲȻǸС˵ģʲôﶼģֻһЩҪעĶͺˡ
Ȼվںǵ䵱һʵĺܣܱȺүҪǿĺãϧѡ
Լ
үЩˣһƷھˣȻһѾͷѵˣ⻻˭˲İɣ
ûȥ˵ĻǷеĶֻȻѵϡ
˵ͷ뿪֪Լſܻ᲻ˣѾԼº͵ȥҪǿһ£û뵽ǲˡ
һʱͻȻ룬Ů˺鷳
ϱϵȻάֺãӵĶԴ˼ң˼ѹ˵Ļ£
³ʵȰ˵䣬үֵ̫ȴ˿õġ
ҲСӣЩ֪δֻ˵ô㲻߶
Ǹ㣬Ϊ˸ĸάֺùϵίԼϱʵڴس
㿴ЩʵǿĸװΪ˵ƲھǾƲ£㲻ǰ𣿶ûһ飿
⻹һ˵ĻԲҪôԴԼ ү
ΪβܣҶʮļȱһйĸ׵ģ˵ʵȷûĸ飬ʱĽڵġ
ڣ㲻ʵҸһĸ׶ԴԼӵģԼӸʵˣ
㾲Ҳ˵ʲôȷоү˶õеͷ˵ÿԹˡ
ôСˣٲýиѾ߹ɣÿֱŶ㶼ﲻģү˲Ǻ˽
Ҳʲôû˵˼Ҷ˵ϱϵôһֱŤмΪѵĿ϶ҲȽϷкүΪȻÿ𣬲ĸŽҲûʲôɽˡ
糯һ춼ûʲôæˣԭ㵽ľ¥ţȻȰүֵֻ̫ڸгԹ緹ٴȥ棡
Թͣү˼ϵ·Щ˵ûʲô£ҽǻ¸ƹһ˰ɣ·Ҽ㴩öˣ¹㲻Ǻϲ
ҲʼůˣҲûЩһˣҽǰѵ¿ʽѡЩϲĿɺã
˵ϲ¹ģҳļַѣůˣĸԼѡЩȹɣһˣʱʱ̴̿ôã
⻰ү˵ͷһˮȥѸȴû뵽˲ӡ
ȴ⻰˵ûκëѽ·Ǵôô¹Ѿˣ
һ컻һһ¶ģҪ̫ڣϾԼɧҷĺܣƽʱܴȥģֻżϴ
ΪһŮˣү̫˽˵Ĵ·ˣĿһԼĸףȢôϱΪˡ
Ҳ֪үΪãǿͿԼȥѡЩԱػϧүҪϲϲȥѡ·ǵػ
ҲԼĸǲֲˣкȥˡ
Ǻү˲˵òһеĹҲڼҶһһȥڲŻˡ
Ҳ֪úģ
.

ٰ߰ʮ£

Ǻү˵Ǳ̨ʡ
ɲǣòйܺúԼˣͿ϶׷ŹҪҲ˳棿
ȥҶھǴôˣʲôĵطûȥģ
ү˾žˣûʲôĵطһڻؾԼɷ򣬵Ǻү˸߻ˣҪǻŮˣɷòʱȥ棬϶Ҫϲϲúһ졣
ãֱһھܾүһҲүҡͷǾԼԺһˣŻ˷İɣ
߻ˣ
ȥүҲܴסˣ˰Ϸӽı˳ϷƣԼǴȭЩûˡ
Ǳ߾ͻˣ沢ûڻʹеϲ͸ϲţϽǳһ죡
ⲻճûǱ㴩űװϹˣ󻹸һЩСѾεˣǹŮǻˡ
׼ϱȥɽ̤ҰͣѾ׼ʳﻹз֮⣬ɽӦвСķ磬ʺϷŷݡ
ʵûкͺүֱŤǲϹһģ뻹ˣү̫ˣ紵ܲõģ
ͷΪðգʵóģҲҶ˵ʲôŲϲôࡣ
˾ǽһ۾ɽϣѡһΪƽ̹Ȼ󿿽ϪĵطţѾ߰ë֯͵ë̺ڵϣʱ滹Ǻģë̺Чµʡĺӣ
̺̺ʳʲôѾҲһһ˳㱸˲׼տʵɽﲻȱҰζǻԼץ
ҪԼɾܳԣģô鷳ԴĶǰʰõģֱϼܾܿ
տͽȥŷݣȱȿ˭ķݷɵĸߣĵĪϲˣЦһֱϣ
ȵݷˣǱߵտҲ˲٣ź̺һȻϪˮʪ˵Ӳֱ㿪ʼԶ
տͦһ֣ӳԵͣЩ˲Լˣһֻץһߣ
ǳԵ̫죬ԼûóˣϲЩżأѸտõ⴮ŵĸǰ
տζĴǣһŵѾ߲ɵ͵͵¿ˮ˳ʳĺܶ࣬ǳԲģ˲֮ѾһЩ
ʼǲյģǱЩ˲ŸҰտ⴮ӹȥӴҲָˣ㿪ʼƬƽˣ
ϲѾժ˲Ұһʱϲ˸ͷϣϲĵıȽ鱦ͷ϶Ҫã
ǸǰڴʱǼҿɽһʱҰضǣϧʱһӹãæ׬Ǯ
Ҳ˲ϸϲŪСϲΪû뵽ϡС
ϲŮһԿϻϵСŮһ˳Ҳһɡ
°㿪ʼʰ׼ؼˣȻϲû湻ͦԸߵģֻŵ´λ
ʱ䣬ǵ˾ǶҪˣԲٵʲôȥ˻ϻᵣĵģϲͲˡ
ô˵ŽǸȥϲͷϻǸ᲻öĻЩήˣʱʱ̧һ£
ϲҲڲŻعϲ·ЩմЩҶ̫֮ɫһԵĹŮǳôչ˹ģϵҶҲ֪﹫ժʲôģ
̫Ϣŭūˣū֪
ŮͨһӹڵأҲ˲ϸϲ·ϵҶժֻһζġ
ϲŮڵɪɪģЩ̣Сס̫˵̣Լ̫ͷڰ·Ūˣǣ
ϣҲ˵ΪһͨСҲǸɸɾģʲôȥܰԼŪģ
̫Ϊϲ·ͷиûʱһժӵһԣһ˵öҲڹͷϴţ
ҵĻ׸ұĻôܶأ
ϲһĻ̫󶪵ˤüСͬʱһӼˣ̫˼ϲѻ¼
̫һ㶣벻ϲȻΪһƻ󺰴У벻ǣϲˤۿ̷죬Żѹ˵ˤҵĻǻˡ
˵ϲܻԼķ䣬ȻŹϣ˭ҲʵϢʱѾǴҹ
鷿ۣܹܼҴܽ˵¿ȥ̫ĴɣСƢԼڷڲ̫岻ȥһˣ
ʵ۵ֶһ£ŴܹʵΪη˴Ƣ̫ˣ
ϲƢʵۿ֪ģһС⣬ôƢ϶ԭģʵҲżȥҪ䣬Ͼ֪ԵɲܹȥⰡ
ֻܹ֧һŻ˵˵Ϊһ̫﷢Ƣġ
СŮǿ϶ģһٸһˣҪ͸༸
ʵһҲû̫·ϣë׼ԼۣǴܹȴ˵̫ԹˣðǻƺԹر壬ǹȥɡ
ʵֻùԹڼݴһϲĹſھͿ̫ԼλŮŽţ̫Լô嶼ûã
ֵĻͦ޹ȥƣ
˵ʵ۾ʹ󲽳̫Ǳȥһʵۣ̫һӵĻ˵¿ɵøҲŪ⺢ӵһȻֵŶаҽȥˡ
ֻһȻֳǲǻ˵Щģĸɵʵ˵ҪȻҲû취ŵģ
̫˵ʵʲôʵյĿڣ̫̾˿˵ԭȲ֪Ů˵ǻǽԶ򸮵ָģŻ
֮ʧֻĸ˵˱ʲôùֳܲİɣ
ϲϾǻʵ۵ĺӣǱȽ˽ԼŮģȻĻҪֻ֮ʧŪǸоϧ
ɴ˿ɼ̫Ƕʲô
ϧʲô˵ˣʵҲٶʲôվſĺݣŴøʽȥ˵˵ôˣô
.

ٰ߰ʮ£

˶ĬһʵʵŴ򿪷Żʵ۽ȥΪչ˺ϲʵ۲û˸Լһȥ
ܹǶ̫λ˵Ҳˣ̫λȥϢɣͽˣñ½ȥžûкܴˣ
̫ҲʵˣɻظԵĹȥˡ
ʵһϲķ㿴ԼŮ۾տ޹һϻһήĻȻĻ䶼ˣֻܿʮɡ
Ϊ̷ôƢ˵ָģ
ʵ۰ѻϲùȻǣСֵ£ֻϲͷĿתĶŻۿʪӡ
⿴ĻʵҲʲôСԴοˣһٽ׽һˣ밡⻨ȻŪˣûбŪҲпήʱԲԣ
˵ҵĻŲݵʯҪÿΪױ͸ݵģ
ʵ۵üͷһ£û뵽̫Ȼܵźӵ˵ô׵Ļøݻչˡ
˵̫ϲʵǷǳģΪ̫󲢷ǻʵ۵ĸʵ۵ĺûаѪԵϵƫԼŮϲͿ˵ͨˡ
Ҳǲ֪⻨İν֪ǹдͲҪһ˼Ҽƽˣ⻨ĵȷÿɣ
ΪʵһĻϲǺ࣬Щ˵ǵȻʲ֪жҽšȹҽҪ⣡
ʵͳЦЦȻһûһˣ֪һģ֮ôѵİõġ
Ļʵ۶̲ס֮̾ǰҲ̫ˣǿྡģ
ʵʵ۸øл㣬ӹôѣȴû飬ڵʱǺܸԣ¹飬ʵûʵ۸ж
ʵ۸ɴҲˣڴԼıŮһ˺ɣһֱ뷽跨ͰˣСʵۡ
ҪҪȺǻˣ
ʵܺ幫һϾ˵СǺܻʵ۳谮ģǲɵϲںڹǻԻӹĺòڣ
ڶգԶɽһ糯Ŵܹܵһб˳ةվһ䣬бࡣ
ة˭һ
ʵΪͷ۵Ŀƥ춼б࣬ûս£ҲսŸķչƥ㿪ʼĿڳ͢Աϡ
춢Ǹһ㼦ëƤС¶Ҫ˼һ϶ڳ޵˻ݣ볯͢ԶЩ̰ܣרĹԱΣ
ֻ˾ةվԻʵҾӢҪνԶ򸮵һ
Ҫһ˵ô
˾ةʵ۶ϰΪˣר˼ҵСȱ࣬Ҳϵŵ㣬;⺢ͦõģǰ;
Ҳ֪⺢ô͵˾ةˡ
ֻϵ˾ة˵ϳ̫ӹΣΪ˳Ժ־ȻŹ֮ȥɽҰˣ
ҪҳӴɱҲ֪ܷе̫ӵ²˵ϳ˵˵£ΪһĳӦڹţ
黭ͨŮŮѵҲȴǲܲ˵ĽҲȥǻɽҰ룬ɺͳ¹Сٴ깫ҪҪˣ
Ҳ˵ʲôԶɽվ˳˵˾ةǺ˾ةδ̫࣬νҳԣɲҽҲ֪еҳָڳһλ
ĳ͢ʲôҳǱ²֪ģ˾ة൹ǽͷβҶ̫ӹôô˵أ˵ˣ㵱̫ӹ߱İǷͰ
Ҷ̫ӹȥ̤࣬Ǳ¶ģ¶ͬˣҲûһô࣬˾ةҲϴСˣͱôˣ
ϵĻʵҲˣةΪӣ̫򱧲ƽˡ
ʵ۵ǳһ˿ЦͷҪȫ׵ةԶ֮ة֮ǰǻȵͦţɫҲرÿ
ةɵñغ尡ʧة൱ʧȥұۣҪɣ޾ʹةЪϢ죬ʱͲҪˣ
˾ةཫѪôһʵ۾ôˣ
;ˣôأɫûǱԶɽģӲ
Զɽ˾ةͶȥһƵƤӵӵıȷû̫ˣ
ôôù³ʮֵĸˣԼķ˶ˡ
庬ʵ쳯пǷʲôˣ㿴ܸ˵ӡ
𣿡ԶɽЦһɵСӣ
̲סЦЦ˵Ͷֵĺϲ£ˣ⻹ûʲô˵𣿡
Զɽϲ̵˵ⲻ˾ƥȻ˻ȥҪǱվߣڼʵ죬͵ʴףֻˡ
庬Ϊʲôة൯ԶɽĽͺĬһ£ԥ˵ӱϾǵˣպҪǱôˡ
˵ﻰ˾ƥԼû£ôܹǵͷϣӵĸôô˵ϵͲϵˣ
˵ʲôԶɽ͵һͬԼ˵Ļ庬ݺݵһۡ
ڸ£ү׼ȥֺȺȲʲôģ˵֬Ʒ׼ȥɹһ
ڼǴûʲô˼Ҳûиȥ˼κԼˣҲþܾ㻻ϸɾ·׼ţ
⣬ү˺һڴ¶Լ·ϱŽȥģ·ҲرԶ̫õĽӡ
֪֬ԭԼŸԼͷԷɵķˣԼŮģ
ŮﻹŸװֵСӣ庬ʮϲԽӹ˱ԭվĬĬڸе͵Сϱ
ɵķ˻ʵӺʲôʱҲһһĿһǣĺӿ϶Ҳɰ˵ģ
庬ûлӦɷ˵ĻǶЦûַ˿佱㳤ĺÿء
.

ٰ߰ʮ£һС

ַ˵лʵݲҪ̫Ȼᣬôռ˸֣庬ʥ׷һƷھˡ
Էɵޣûзţ˵Ҫ庬һͷġ
ŮһСϱ˼ҵƷߣЩǺܸȤǿﻹһЩ黨֮Ķ
ϸ˺ð죬ȻЩСͦÿģ͸ϲһڹΪ϶Щֻա
һԵַ˼ĿתĶЩСŮõͷ黨̲סЦϲЩС𣿵ǿԴȥС˸ͷá
ﶨȻȱЩү̵ǻ׼رȫúʲôȱ
ЦŽ͵ˣҿЩ뵽˳£ǰҲЩСȻСӡ
ԭЩõˣ˵ҶĽˣϧûŮôչ
ַ˵ĶϱĽĿ㣬ﱧŵǸкԸǽһڣСϱ룬ôͲǹɵŮأ
Ůһûһţ֬ˮۻȥԲ˵飬ȻҲҪš
庬ճ֬ĴţûüϽӱԶһ󾪽еתͷȥȴһͷܾ
˩ҪǱߵѹϲҲòзϰ
ʱ庬ԭأܵٶȺܿ죬ȥֻбײĽɱôǲ㣬ҧ庬˹ȥ
ֱӽ˵һԣ庬ڱײĽˣȴǽ׾һʹ̲סһ
ֻһͷײ˺򸮵Ľϣַæ庬ҽʮʹʹվС
庬ֱɵڵϸɵ۾ַԼĶϱæߵѾ߰庬ӵϲȻС˸Ͻȥд
۵ĶͷֱðĽױһţַԼĽѾɵ˵庬ص򸮡
ô¶ϱҲûмŻԼңǸϱһ˺򸮣
ʱүһ̼Ϊʵ壬ү˼һӸô䣬˼æ˵үӲˣܾ˵ˣǿȥɡ
һ⻰˭ģ͸˿ȥʱѾ˷˴ţͬʱûлĺүˣ
Լ͵ӣԶɽʵ⵽ôһ£˳ȥһ˻ôˣ
ϱһȥվʱ˵һ£ԶɽɵΪ庬һѺҪǶϱ˵һߣϱɾͲֹˡ
ٿǱߣЬȥֻĽ׺׵һ۵庬û£ɾͿˣ˳һ²µ·
ѾдΣүҲܵ˾ţԶɽлһԼͬŵķԼϱȻʵܾ֪Ǻ˵ģ
⡭үˡʱūֻ˷˺ˣҲû˭ҵģ
ʵʲԶɽҲֻգ߽ǴԼķ˻طúðοһ
ƣҩ²ֻ·Ȼ󻹰ĽñɿĲ˺üȦŷȥ
ʵҲúøκʵ۵˵ǰѱֶ˴ˣ
˼Ѿ˶ɢˣԼϱطúϢ̾˿ôôɵʱôѾСˣôȥĸף
˾ʮֲףôֻ˽ףúһ¾ܻˣһ˵ĵطΣôѽ
ǵʱɵˣֻһţԾֻȥģܿͻģ
Ž״ʹοЦţôڴ̱͸ܲˡ
ҩͿϣȻñ֮͸о׺һˣǰһ½׵ǰ£Ȼǻ۵ȥ
Ǳߺү˸ջع㣬װôɴ庬еˣ⵱óѼʲôġ
νʲôʲô˸ЩԣϣܺõĿһ㣡
ڷùģҲû£ҪιԻԼԷµ·ϣøһڷһڲ˵ι
ôû˿ܵľٶҪȻɲİõĽͶι
ոճԱѾ߰ʣµ̶ȥүߵӾ͹ˣؾصĳȻ˵ҹǴ˵п͵ǽܾˣ
֪ΪصعģѾڴˣܿͻԷ˽ҹǰһ
Уȥɡ
ԭ㶼Ѿ׼ЩЪϢˣû뵽ô˾ȻԼֻһ·ͺΣ־ô̱ڴϲãԼš
˾ŶʱľһĻһò绨ŮڹϣϸһϮë̺ǿǰһСΪŮƻ
ŮӵȲӱСһСƻιŮӿУ
˾Ŷĺү̲סЦЦ˵ÿЦˣӶԴϱõĺܣ˵˵ǽףȴǶϱҲܶˣƻҪιС
˾ŶһЦʱ˾ң޷ӸĸĽ
庬ûٶ˵̤Ŷ˵㣬λҸİƽˣ
˾Ŷ֣ƷѾӿ˽ⰲƽϵ˵֪ΪͻȻܾ񣬰ˤ˲˵û뵽ŵ˺ˡ
Ŷ֪ºѰʶϵĻ߶ţүүҪЩҵһС⣬ҪҵǸ⡣
ˣһС˲ҳݣɣ
˾ŶĶˣͬһЦԵȷǷװǸӻƵ˵һСˣ˾Ŷ߿ۡ
û뵽˿ĽԸȴء
ǽ׶ˣһСˣĲҪʵڲȥһĸҽ㿴ɱɶˡ
һɸӣȥЦˣԶ򸮵Ȼ˸ȳӣ
㵫ЦⰲƽĻôôòԼôҲģ
.

ٰ߰ʮ£ԭô

ôţͻȻԼ˾ŶةǶͷ飬һ˵ǷҲͲˣ
ȻˣһС˺ھʹеҽ㵱;ܾ˾Ŷĺ⡣
˾ŶҲûã˼䣬һЩƷƷ˾ˣĸ׳ͣҲ֪Ϊ˾ŶǰζĿһۣ
صʱͿѾϵƷ˵⿤ֻͦ£˲Ҫ
һ۷Źģ̲סЦ˵ǸСԣôõĶԼ˾ȻƱࣿһкö
Ц˭ԼӶడҾ˸òôõĶĻ͸ǲɣòϡ
϶յġ
͸Ķô˼ҪѰƽƷһһ˲Ϣ
ǿ˯ŵģΪ˯ž˵ûôʹˣǴӰҹͿʼȥģ˯߱Ƚǳ˱ѯʵ㣿ôˣǲǽʹ
ѵ˫ۣԺ˵ҩЧȥˣҵĽ׿ʼˡ
ҸٲҩȲʹ˯
·ûѴҩ˹ҩֹ۵ãǰҹ˯ţڹҩЧſʼоʹ
뵽ɵеżΪʹģͬҩҲûôЧµȻеۣͿҩ໹ûüЧܲˣ
ŵİϵı𿪣˻ۣȻһСһҩĨ׵Ľϡ
ʱܸоĽֱУоһ̾Ͳˣ
Ϊ˵һŵ㣬ҸҩĨ֮ʳָʼҩͿĨʹжʱץ˱졣
ֿ죬û̫þͰҩĨˣȻһǳıʵǰűǲҪһ㣿
ûɶ𣬽һģ뻹ǰϰɣȻҩò䵽ˣŨصҩζǺ㻹ܸζôı˯𣿡
ܲˣİԼѱˣҲĽܡ
˴ԼʱҩҩЧЧˣ˯ˣ֮ǰһֱ죬ɢע
ǵڶֱ˯ˣү˻緹ôҲԾԼȥ
ʱѾˣ㻹˯أ庬һĶһ˷˵˯ɣҹΪҲûô˯á
ѹֽѵôҲǽ㲻糯Ȼ糯ҪٵˣɲаҪҹȥչ㼸죬㵽ķúϢ
ϾΪ˵ģүҲöһ㣬չһЩ
㽻ģֱӾܾãĸҲҪúϢо뵽ϳԸʲôҪ˱϶ɣ
ʵҲһҪүԼֱ㵽ǶѾӣȻǺԸչҲܷҪչ˰ɡ
ڷȥϢˣүϸĲֻڳţȵһ˯ѾͶ˹ȥˡ
Ҳû˯Ȼѣү˲㱻ѹΪүһ¿ǴַǴ˳ȥ
ڶȥвү˽õĸŲٶͱĽˣϾ˼һ˳һ£ܲôڱɣ
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ôķǽһܲ˰һȺرģһ˵һʱŷ׷뿪
ܾһºү˶ʱҲԼˣ֮ǰЩ֬ˮҲû˼ŪˣڼҾǿϷ
ģԻȥһ𿴣ôڸ߳أ
Ȼɼǿ׳̧һ̧ȥʵȫԼڷõʲôĻѹ˰æ
Ǻ̫ˣȥϷ̨Ǳֻ»ֱ̱ڵϣڶ˵ĺүҲԣŹֶԸãȴ̧
ӳЩҲʮְȣһ㶼ûг򸮵ĴţǽϲӼʱôһ䡣
Ϊ̫Ӳ˵ϲɢֱӳ㣬Щʱûϲ˵˶ñ˷ԼҪȥϲ
ΪϲԼģû뵽߾ȻһŻòº͵Ůӣ㻹ЩɬĶЦЦ
ҲЦŵͷǴк֪λǣҲҽһ£ףôˣ
СĽжһ£ûʲô󰭵ģڽ׵ôˣλǹһģ
ʱ˽⣬ԭǰλǺľߺλûлʺеλߵıǰλˡ
ԭǹݹ٣ˡӲ㲻ﺣ
Ϳĸλ˵Ҳ֪ϲôϹϵģϲϽ̫ôԼôţ
ǹеɻ󣬱Ц崺˵ܺ汾ôŹһɣģ̫ˣжҲ̫㣬ûа취չ˺С¹ֱ˵ˡ
±㽫͵߸¶ҲŶģϢûȥ㲻֪󱾹㣡
ĹԼֲһֱ󱾹Աһˡ
ԭǹպͷչˣ
ԭôһ£Դǹ̬ԽˣϣǰŮܺúöԴϲίˡ
ֻһϲԵ˵İɣûиӣòиҪԼչ˿ǻϲĺܣȻùίġ
˵ʱദùԸԼط̵رãǸϸĸףպҪпնҹ￴ɡ
λǹͺܻˣֱӶ׳֦պϲȥĹܺùϵôϲ֮ܺദ
.

߰پʮ£ʲô㣿

˵֮ǰ̫Ϊ˵ĻǸùôƢŻ϶ţ̫ǰ֮ǹȻҪùϵ
Ȼ˵ӣȴҲиСʵۻܶˣϸǹ׬˵ģҪȻҲ븧ϲ
ΪϲҪһԵʣǹҲںһ죬ȥĪٰλλǹпܳΪλʺĴأ
Ҫعʱϲʮֲᣬǹ˱˵ٹձ̫磬ҪʱĽܺЩ˱ȥɣ˹סգú㹫
˵ͷȴȷʱܻȥˣĽ˳ʲôԼҲϲεֱֲ˵ֻЦŵͷȴӦ
̫һ£ٳǰһ¹㿪ʼ׼˵һдӼҲҪЩʱ׼ģ̫ٹٶҪЯ޴ӵĹȥף١
ү˿϶ǲٵ껹һ˶ӣ˸ϱҪȥģϧĽˣֻĸȥ
̫ǰһ¾Ϳʼ׼ʱʵǸǵģΪ̫Ҫ׼һ㶼ò֣ǺѵһˣԳҲľͿʼ׼
ʱ׼ĲˣںҪ͸̫һ̫Դ֮һֱԷ𷨺ܸȤ
ĴרһСùƽõģص㹻ˣһԵе٣ٶð켸ȥľ̫ˡ
̫ǰ죬Ҷæµûչ˵Ͻ׻ûȫˣڷ˯˯˳ԡ
ĺǳȥʳﲻ̫оЩŻ£Բ¶үæˣȻʼ⼸ûúչ㣡
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ү˼Żɫɵһϲץĸ첲ʵϣôԵ޹ʵĸŻˣǲˣ
ҡҡͷ⼸һֱڷҲôҵθЩʳԲŻ£ٳһٷ߳Եɽ֮ʧĶͺˡ
ѸɣһأǴ£Ķô
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Ƭ庬͵ϴǰ첻˵庬ߴٵôҶϱǲˣ
ʮֿ϶ҡҡͷȻһֹģл֪ò˵һ
ȣǻʳˣϷЩʳĶºܿͻģ˲̫ˣ
˰ϴͽô仰ȴоƺʲôûֱ˵庬˵㲢ûлеĻ֮ɵЩʧ䡣
һЩʳʳ庬ӣ庬ھȥ嵥ϵһЩùԣȻʹš
ȤϴȻûоܾ庬ƾһС˼һھͳŵģ
߳ķûжԶľ룬庬ֱӿڵոռƺл˵ֻˣʲô򾡹˵ǣ
亹Ҳûڣϻ˵Т޺Ϊ󣬸Ŵ󻧵ĸں⣬Լֵ庬ֻ»ֱӻٻ
ԴǸԥҪҪء
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һ仰˵رûе庬Ļֱԭ㻳Ǻѵģ
ѹ֮ǰʱ˵ʲô̫ΣʲôģԭΣգͻϡ
ǸɵӾΪ˻Żô˵ģϧֱŤ
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Ŷô˵ģֵĻǱȽϵģϾôһġ
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ҵⷬ˵ǣ˵ʲôҪԼ£ôֻһӶҵܲܵã
ţһʱ֮ܲеģϾĸְÿʮҪˣʱ侲һ°ɡ
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Ϊûܺ㰲ȶգ˭֪·ɱ庬ԻӿСʱԿϧһ㣬ҲĹ
Ϊ¸ⰡԼӣΪǰԿﵼӹǲۣҲǹ
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Ϊ庬Լͨͺˣ̫ǰһϣ̸ֻ֮ǰͰһյݣһǷ鿴˵Ҳ֪ˣʲô𣿡
ȻǺúðˣȻʲô㣿
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˫ͻȻ߬ȭͷҧгݵ⻰˵ȥҪͬҲ޻˵˵ˣø
ôԼԻлҪ͵ɸ檰ˣһ£ôСƧģ
Щ庬Ҳƽ毺ݴ˿ǰŤ
.

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庬ִһںеί岻УϺڷô
㲻ɵûɣ֮ǰǸ˿׵ţ
ԼԾɰűĽ㲻ɵ룬ԼΪ⸱ģЩҪȳȥãΪ¾ֱӷĿɳ𣬶鶼ˡ
ôɫԼĽҩԼȻʵڲоԼ뿪򸮣ʲô治ϡ
ܱȵʱ׻ûãֱӱ˶ȥĺð
һߣæɫѾܰһͻصˣֻŽδ㣡
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ĸֱ˵ǡ庬ɫǺܺÿͻȻֲõԤС
Ȼ庬ھ˵ģԻĸ⼸Ͱɫ˼ҾͰѻ͹ȥ㿴ĸ
ȵ̫һҾͲٳŰ檵¼򵥰һ£ȻҲΪҿ֦ɢҶ
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Ҳе㼱ˣݲɳӵˣܻ˷Լɷ庬Ūһ϶Ҫȥġ
庬һ漴ǳôĸ˵أ⻹ΪãԼòͬˣ㻹ʲô
ƭң㲻ͬ檣Լȥ
ôܲ˽㣬庬Ļٷ֮ʮšٷ֮ʮֿţǰ߲Ϊ庬ƭ
˵ģô˲Żͬ庬Ҫ
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ҪʵΪѣȢһɡ
ǲ檵ģһͬ庬Ǳͻ鷳ʱı
ֻ㿴۾һһ˵Ҳ檣ɷģҲˣ뿪ȥҲĵط
Ҳ±ָТĸŸԼ檣ǰòΪ˾ˣΪϺĵʵǲӦã
ôһ仰ͷĶˣ庬һܷʲôҪôֻ뿪ǡ
˵ʵʹ庬ҲԸϾŵĹϵѾֵĺܽ庬ϲԼƤӵ»Ƶģ
ͬģҲ庬ԼǷЩǮ񼫵뷨ҲеʮַС
һʼǺԼӵֱ庬ԶɽͻȻǵ磬ʵϰйŵӣ
Զɽ˵ȭ ֮ദʽӸƫֵܶһЩΨ庬
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.

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˵ĺʵΪңͲˣϲôãʹǵ̫ӹûһĸ
ô庬ǲأԶɽ̫ӹӱˣ춼ϲ£ˣ
ǿ׳ģһҲԼ˳Ĵ㼷ȺѾС˼׷׹Ȱ衣
һΪģҴ䳯򸮴ȥ庬׼ˣҪ˿ȥҪЦˡ
ǡɾ庬סʱԶɽˣ߰ģɵʵͰʲôأúϢŸҪ
ܹĸװɣ˵ҲҪ檣Ҫ檣ЩǵĻһѻˣɺãֱӰ˽еˡ
ĸ׾ӲãԻоͽܲϱˣȻҴ߾ˣҪ˭͸˭ȥɣ
ԼĸЩʧ庬ĶӣһһżԼô͵ôĸˡܽܡ
ƽһЩڵ·ĺˣ̫⣬ĵߣ庬Խ磡
 ӲԸ˰ɣαǿ󣿿ѺӸƵģЩͻؼҰɣǽ˿Цˡ
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ںүǼС£ȢɣҲûк鷳ԸȢͲȢ£±Ը飬ĶôǿȺӵġ
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ֱ˷䣬ҲǸҵģȻôû˳ء
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ҩ˱鿴֪ľЩˣЩѾ߾ˣһķš
֪ѾõģҲûǽſֱʵʲô£
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ھֻԼĽܿʱ취ȥһ庬ţú̸̸ںӵ£
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Ůе̿ȥֻͨ徧ӨĹмʮصӣôͨ͸֬˵Ҳüֵǧˡ
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Уû
ӲĲ׬Ǯ׶ˣӲˣСԵģҲ̲סЦ
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ĸȰ֮ǹ찲ӣģϲӹѡ
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˵ֽ庬ԭͦԾԾԵģֲ֪뵽ʲô˵ˣȻϲҾͲˣҲôһ㣬ԼܶԵģ
ƺʲôҪæ˵껰ˣһʵǸ庬һ£ûӸģ˵һһܹô飬ܶԲ񫡣
Ȼʵ庬룬һƧѾͷϲԵĵʲôöҪ˵ҲʶĳӿɶϷպģĵľֺóȴŸĶ
庬ⵢһνһ۵İѸǰԵĿģǵ㲻ҲûôҪˡ
ó԰ɣó³ٰ㻹ʲôԵ𣿡Ҳû˵ԼŶӶòģֻܳԵĿľͺãĶҪˡ
붼û˵һѵʳ֣Ǹһ̲סЦ˺ˣôҲǲȫɣ
ÿ춼ԵĻȻĽŲЩҲԵҲˣȻҾǰո˵ЩȫҲԲ갡
Ǿɣ죬飬үˣ
һӸӸⰡǳˡ
ա
³ɸģ֪ΪνķǰȻûŶӵˣ²ǽľˣȻôûŶأ
.

߰پʮ£뿪

ôͦϧòиر𰮳ԵĶô׾ûˣʱͻȻ뵽Լӵݡ
ӸȫõָһݳԼʹſڿǵ˵Ҳվ˼ҵȥ
ȻĵĻƿͿͿ˵͹ٽˣǵĵĶˣҪӸĻЩɡ
Ҳˣ춼Ӫҵˣ
ƳһķͲ˵ӸˣͲĵƾȻֱͿͣ룬ܱܲĵĶ˰ɡ
ûƵͷָŵ˵СĵȫλСˣԽֻлͣӺ
˳ָķȥŴСҪؼҵ˲֮ǰҪӸ˾Ŷ˭
ʱ˾ŶƺܣŤͷ۾һ£Ȼ׳һƵ
ȻʱˣڱԼûøԽһеĸ㣬Ǹ˵ʮֵĸ㣬Ҫ˵ȥǺɵӡ
ʲôڰȻܳԵôģԾֻбһԣû˾ةӸ⣬ŮͰѵķеĵĶߣҲˣ
ò˵˾ŶҲǲƴ֣ﰵȻΨСŮҲҲûȥ˾Ŷˡ
ϾֲֻһģбԵĶȥûҪΪĸǸһŮ˴к
ͷȥͷҪıǺ«ұͷҲûһǺ«ϲ·һҹ֮侩Ǻ«Ķʧһ
ⲻЩץôûˣ
治ǸаӽԼηԼС˵ȲŻؼңǷɢȥ֧Ǻ«˭˶͡
ȻһҲǺ«ģЩ˷ɢܿԵİɣ
Ǽ˱㿪ʼĴѰǺ«ģκȥǺ«ĽηС˷׷׷
Ƕ˫ֿտյĻЩ죬ֻһη۵ĸƵ˵үˡ˼ֶûһǺ«ģԶû
Ǽη̧Ӷû۳⸱ģҲǾľˣҲûǰ²֧Ǻ«
ھͲǸС˻ûˣŽΪ㶫鲻ٹˣС˻Ǻ«ǶûظˣʵаŵĺܣƽضǵǺ«Ȼûˣ
ֵƬ̣С˽ƣܻ˵㴭Ŵӣūµķ֣߶Ǻ«Ǹƽȥˣû
֮ǰӸⶼˣھȻǺ«Ҳˣ
ĶֵˣԼǮôһ˲ǸŮ˵ȥģһǲģȥҲǰ״
ɫЩѿСС˵ӣūžǰƽڱϴβӸ¶أ
ϻֻҪӵĶ뵽֮ǰ£Ȼ˾ŶôණȥֳԲ꣬ǲǳԱŵû¸
ˣظ˸ٸú㡣
Ҳס˾ŶôŮˣһͷ׼ظԭƽ˺óһξ룬ǲ֪ΪͻȻεһ¡
֮ʵô£淢ʲôô֡
С˻صүǵĽӲײһСڼʱͣסˣûײ
ƿӴӽһۣôˣ򲻵·ϻײСظҶôһ۵ģ
ӽʱӵĸѾˣۼĿСкһͮͮǺ«ɻСǺ«ǴĶģ
⣬ͼСָһ߾еү쿴ǱߵСһ֧Ǻ«
ԭֱӷˣǰͻȻôǺ«Ȼȥģǲ˳Ǻ«ˣ
ǰһ·ֻС˵үǰƽɷǺ«СӶһԣøǮ
ҪЦˣŮ˻ˣԼԻǺ«ߣȻ͸Сѣܣôһ֧򲻵
ҪūŹȥ֧ӵģС̽ʵ
ǸŮ򣬵ԺȴͻȻ˵Ǻ«ʱģˣһ˲ˡ
ΪԼϱɣ
ԼóһӽСУ֧ǵĽ庬ˣΪپûԡ
ԽЩǺ«ҪԿԷֵ֧һʵûʲôĵСڴͷɥĻˣ
С󻹸˸Ц˾ŶĽſھ˵ӰǺ«ѾҶˣСˣҪ²Ŷ
Ůŵüͷ浱Ǻ۸ˣ
뵽ȻƿӴӽ˾ŶͼƽĸģةҲǸɵйڿʵûطȻ¡
ĳӡʮ̣ҪǹҷֺⲻԣҪ󳼾ˣһһ¾ټ˾ة࣡
ƽʱ֪͵㣬ͷûʵ۰ѲƲûˡ
˾ŶЦ治ɫ游ٹ֮䷶ةฮóȼҲһģŶʮֹأ
˼ǣҪֺҪٹٰԼóȼĽԶҲܲˡ
ƺ˵ʲôҲ֪ôĻȻΪһѽƽƵڵϣ㵹ôһ˲˾ŶһĲţȻ֡
ϵİ˾ŶľҲ׷׳֪Ƿ˺¾Ȼô˺պİƽһѡ
ֻһ죬һ˾Ŷͷϵ䣬ôһѣֻԴѾˡ
ۣĶĻ裿ҵҼҿˣд
ĪĻǰ˾ŶߵѾŻˣɤӺòٰչΧֻۣ˾ŶĿջ¥ƺڷִ
⻨Ǳջ˶ģûҵ˾Ŷ
˾Ŷ龭ʱѾ뿪ˣ̲סһЦ˻ͦеĺǺ«ľֹ޵ǼΣȴԸ
Ҳͼʲôرˣ⻹˾Ŷһμˡ
ⲻ֪˼Ǿ鷳һҲ࿴ˡ
ص򸮶Ҫˣ庬ʵôֻôǲǸȥȲˣ
.

߰پʮ£

庬֪ԼĶӲǰˣҲֻܣôһ䡣
ֻЩƣ˵·˵С鷳ŵ˻ؼҵʱ䣬˳ؼˡ
״̬ЩԾүߺڹı˲һؼҵ·ϵǷʲô˵˰ƽʱ庬ĲɵеС˷ܣ
˵ƽò˫ȫĹôܶ˼һ㷴ӦûڿӶ˼ҲûкҪȻﻹأ
ò˵庬Ի·˾Ŷеһƴ»ǸŮĶ˾ŶģȴŮĹá
ʱÿһվڴֻ߶һĻȥŵϣŻûͲҪµˣúŻ᲻²֪Ҫո²ǿ϶ģ
֪ˣôֻôǲǿҷŶܳͳȥ黨ǲˣ
װЦס׺ݵ˵СûĵĶһΪҪϲԵĶŻô㻹ҳȥ黨ǲݣ
ĶأҿʲôûƼ²ǴΪԵĿںȥ˰ɣ
㳯ҪԼĺóԵģ׽סСԱ˵Ұѻ˵갡ȥӸģǵȫǸвİƽˣӸֻһҵҾ򲻵ˣϴθӸҵǷһˣܲܰӸ͸游ϲҾܾˡ
ȻƾΪͼǺ˰ɣҲ֪ô֪ҪҪǺ«ģǰǺ«ˣýηС˺üֶûˣ
ʵ򲻵ҾͻؼҰԩ·խһ˾ŶʵҾͳȥ䣬ǡиҪҵͷϣһѾȻŻؼˡ
û˵Ҫ֮𣿡
ɼǵС˵͵ӾﶼŶΣû˾ŶƿһʲôףܲȻԼǰɣ
ǱһҵѪģŪûӰģûʲô
еҪԴ׵˼Ͻ§ţȻЦĪ˵ǿû֮ʾˣҲҪˣҪŪһԺ벻ˡ
ʵҲû̫µ棬ȥˣϧǽȥ֮ûʲôʱܸóԵĻˣ
Ϊºʹй磬ʱ˳ҵļСҲμӵģʵ۶νίΰһ¾ͽԶɽȫȨ
ʹ˾ةʮֲǰٹ֮ףƾʲôҪԶɽȥ죿
λ˼ҲԼˣʵҲǿةʹûҪ֪˵Ĳ飬ʵǻѸ߰ةһԼһȥˡ
Ȼ˾ةĹεģ
Ϊôνæķǹ缴ӵǼ죬Զɽǲڶز˼ҡ
һ⸮Ҳûܹϸչţ֪Ľ׻ã庬ָһδ򣬴˺ǲܲˣ
λ֮ĽѾܹµһξ·ˣߵʱ̫׻ǻϸ΢ʹ
Ҳ߶Լ丽庬뿴Ѿʼÿնˣܲζ
ŮδҲ̫˰ɣһû캦֮£ûŻլ׶֮£˵Ĵɫ۾ˣ
Գڼңû˻ܶʱԼܳ׼ɢɢģһڼұһ£էһŷ˵Сհ裬Ǻòڡ
һǹ֮ɢˣĽײߵ̫Զȵ˱ܵһϢ˳ȿˮɤӡ
ĲݸطȻǲܱȵģط˵һƾһ粻ི֮Ĺ˷׷׽кã
ϢʱտʼΪ㲢ûдͷʼԾЩ
ֻ˵һľľʮ˵ΪԼ˲֮·գǡСĽӵסȥ·ȺӵҲûرá
ӵʱķңܳ׼ԼߣСŸ˵ǸϾ˱˵ȥ·ʼӲûʲôɫС㣡
ȻӾƼһ˶Ļ衭
ף˵ǭ¿˰ɣⲻǰշһǰҸһ¾͹˵浱ɵӺ𣿡
ǣԶ򸮵Ӣ۾˰ƽµʱвۼ˵ģ·ȥǲҪ˵С׼֮ˣ
ҵǾӺͰƽվһͦģ˵Ĳǰʱү˻׼Լ檣ʱ䲻֪ΪûϢˣ
ǿɲǣ˵Ը檣Ҫɾʹ뿪򸮣¶棬Ҳ֪ǺεȸˣȻӶ˰檶Ը⡣
˵ôҳܱ΢ƽûñȵģҲ֮ǰԿģϾ㿷֮޲
˵ûĽͱӲϣȻΧԼ˾Ŷת
ӽ£ٹ׹ݳ̸֣֮¶Ҳ±򸮵
̬û£;̸ģƽһİ˵Ĺһ
Ҳûгȥֵ˼ˣСһ˰ʱ̸Ȼ庬Ҫһ£
˵Լ׳ССµģԼΪҿ֦ɢҶȰɸ檣ŸɷֱŤʵڲô
ۿ̫Ҫ£Ⱥ̸ⷢʱһŮεĹﴳݣ͸м˵ūҵˣôԼСˣū澺ҡ
Ѿһ˵עһ˲ѻȸԺжѾ߽мǰò˵Ů²Ǿһֱ۵˶ɣ
ֻɵԼλŲ豭棬һѾ߲Ż˵˹Ъôˣ
үغ򸮼ڣԼҲͽһңЩū澻ذɣˣ
֮ǰǻȷǰ˶ǲǸո̸۵ʱѾߵĻͻȷˣҲ֪ʲôʱġ
Ǿ͵˼ұ˵̸˼ʱ֮ãҲ֪Ǹո۵¶ȥ١
ǵСµѾʼ׼ˣϾ˼ǺϿɲġ
.

߰پʮ£

㽫豭еĲˮ꣬Ȼ豭׼뿪˶Ŀȥǰͷһˡ
۾峺һȪˮȴǼеСֱƵڵˣ߶ţˣҪ군ˣ
㻹ûôټľҲȨưɣ˼ôǰһǣǲҪԼ顣
Ѿ߻ص򸮣庬ֵŻûȫ̲סȥˣһȥȥôʱ䣬Ѿ߶֪ĻΪȥأ
æһ㲻ˮȱ㵽㣬㵹ã濪湻˲֪Ѿɼҵˣô˰档
庬ģ˵㶼뵽һ˵ʲôˣżԼͷƢ
ЦЦ˲˵ŷģҾǳȥɢɢƵĻţǺ뿴Ҳȥģʹڲһ벻Ҹû˵ĵطѰʲôġ
ԭ⻰ûбʲô˼˵㿴Ҳȥ㣬ȡ۵ģǵ庬Ķɾͱζˣ
Ļ庬ԼĹ˾ͱˣû㿴Ҳ˳ۣҳȥһ£Ӿͼõң㻹Һһ㣬һҲøһ𣬵ʱϾԼɡ
庬ɫĸѿʱѾˣҲõ˵ʲôԼѾӾͻطˡ
ߵǰϸһ£ʲô鶼ûвһȻº͵ʵôԼѾ߾ͳȥˣҺңͲѾƸˣ
ѾⲻǲҸɵģҾͲǸˣôô磿鶼ˣ
˵˵Ϳʼתƻ⣬ԭΪҪڲܻؼң˭֪ôء
˵磬æһԭǷǳ˵ģʵۼ˱ؼϢһ£ȴ˵Լͳ򸮣֪ȥĶˣ
һӾ;ôȥͬʱԼҲȥѰˣ㲻֪ѰĹЩʲôġ
Ϊ㲻ҪˣԼôϢ뿪ˣ˵㲻ʱһʱܻ˷濴ǲǰԼĶˣ
оգѾ˵ֻȥ˰֮ͷĴʯͷ
ӵط䣬һ꺮ů㶼Щܲ飬صԵʮƣ㲻˯
㿴ȥ˯һ˯ҲŹ㣬˫һʵĽڻܳԼ˯ȥĵط
Ҳ֪Լ˶ò˯ţʱ˯ɫѾˣ˾ͽȥԵ㶫
ȥ˰ѷ˶͵ҽǶ㣬Ҫ㳳ѡ
ͬʱҪһ£µ˻رǱ˽˾Ŷл㻹˰죬϶ܺã
˼鵽ʲô˴ǵлȻЩҽӵ˺úýѵһ£Ҳ֪֪˵лҲ㽲ģ
֪µʱѾǼʱˣҲ֪ô£ȥǸǱߣСȹˮͶˡ
Ǵ۵Բ£˾ͶȶˣϾҲһǾͿʼ˲ǻõԭ
Ǵһֻһͬ㣬ȥ֮ǰȥĲݺȲ裬ȻҾ;ãǲǼҲҶݲˮ⡣
һСˣϰп԰ǲݵģʲôˣ֮ǰ˴ӺͰƽԼлʱҲŵģ
˼£˼Һ򸮲ƴȨģĶôСܵģ˼Ҹֻʵ¡
ĽСΪ⳥Щǻõ˼ҵôСϰֱתóȥģǿСдתһʲ֪Щ飡
Ҳû룬ľΪǲĲҶ⣬Ͼɲʱ˴ĴʲôжĶһҶҲһ
һС⣬㿴ݾͲ뵽֮ǰЩ˴л˵֧˾Ŷcp˱Ƚ϶డ
ޣǽһѪͷҪվżֻ˵ˣ;Ѱ
ʱ׼ʢװϯ磬ǿԸһȥˣҹϻһЩ˽׸ʵһЩϡĶ
һ۸ϲʱҲͦˣڼҴһʱȥ¶¶ˡ
庬ڶԴǷܵĺܣиСʲôĶ˸ȥȹϲļʹļ
ιȴûУΪĵλһǧɣ˵үĶǶԶϱãǶӵĹߺá
Ҳæﻹ㣬ѡһȹ֮͵ȥȹȻֵƣȴʵʵԼٺ»ģ
㴩һÿҲԼٺ»׬ҪӺӻ
Ҫ˵㣬ѡɫȹʮϲԼԣ庬ϲԵʣŮҲ䲻ȵģ
ҪԶɽôϱЩ˾ͲˣѾ߰·͵ˣԼȹֻܶž͡
Լúÿˣ˵Ŀ⣡
ú벻ǣں󹬵ǹﾹȻҲ㣬ȹû鱦εĹŮҲ˺򸮡
庬ԽӴģǼֵǵıƷſ濴ۣ֪ôǹҲôõģ
庬ѹ͹鹦ϲҪйǹ߶˼ôǸһС
Ҳǹ˾٣ںǴһ㣬֪ǹôɽ֮㲻ٹڵ
ЩȻżǹ֮һҪúõл
շת˹統죬ԶɽΪӣټϻǹĸľȥ˻ʹ庬ʹ֮׼ʱȥġ
㻻ȹǹΣټǱԼ峺ˮĵȻ
庬ֻۣװûʲôõĵطʹķܶˣϱһҲû˵㿴ųľ󣬶庬ǹؾصš
ǵ﹬ſڵʱѾвٹЯϱŮĶˣ庬в˳߹Ȼк
.

ڰ˰£

庬ֽʾͲ棬ҲֵڣΪϴѾϴȹҲò˳ͶȥĿ⡣
ϾڳĶر۹ˣͷϵıͷжͨ͸һ۾ܿģȹҲǾպλһһƳɵģһĹټС㶼
Ǳ˶¶ĽҸ庬˵װã庬ֻƳһ۾ͼĻ⡣
һ庬̬Ȳɵ뵽ЩԣһʵģѾүϲˣ
ôҲǳ飬ЩδŮӿʼ಻סˣ˵ǰ⾩ĪǺԺλˡ
ЩŮ˵ҰǾͿʼλ˵ϾôǸӣݱ˸ߣҲҪÿ
ȻͳΪЩδСѡ˭֪ѾȢˣ˵Ժˣøлأĳֻ֣ڱòȡ˶ĲŻء
ỹûʼЩСǻҪϺһʱȴһλŮһȻߵǰ˵ǵһۣƲūɣ
ǵʲôطЩ˿֪һû뵽Ȼǹϵôãûпʼֻţû뵽ȴһȥ
庬΢΢ǴкˣȻŹŮǹǵȥҲ庬οģҲ㵱͸ˡ
еطЪһֶΪأϲҲǵڣϲһ
Ůһ·ǵŮ򿪹ŶЦɣæһЩ飬ֻгڣѾܾˣ
Ҳǣûлʺǹ֮ʣȻ˵֮»ʵ۽̫Ͼʹˣ¶˴
ǹ϶Ҫ̫Эģǹô飬ǵͿйŮΪϲ´磡
ϲױ̨ǰźü˶ĺӣڷŵĶЩ鱦֮ΣɼϲڹǼΪܳġ
ſڽʱϲʹӾ￴ˣҲԼͷûãŤͷǱߣ㽫ӵ뻳
ϲϲȴ˵ϲǹˣôççײײģԺ·ҪһЩйӣ
֪ˣ׵ĽſǺȫˣϲˣ㶼ûˡ
Ȼȫˣϲĺˡ
Ľףϲǣֽ쵽ӱ˵ʱӵĹŮȻĶϲ˵ū澸ᷢɣǾ͸ȥμӹˣôžͺãҲܸ˵
ϲͷ£ϸһĴԵ˵״ȹϹ͵ÿ۹ȻǼõģ͸˵׵ʺʺͷΡ
ξˣԺҪǹﻹҪ׶ҾܾˣʵЩˣʲôȱҲҪʲôȻٸң
ϲıӣòϲԽͤͤˣѾŮ̬Ҫ˼͸üˣţʵ۵ʱǧҪϲȥԶ
¼޸һӶУ볼һ¶úúöԴί
ϲЩ޹˵ЩɲҹܹҪŶģҪң
ﲻô뽻ѰˣҪǲϲǹ͵ľˡ
ߵĹŮЦĺƣ۲죬ǰ˶ְĽٵŮӣĹ䱦ʤŮȴֻǵĿ⿴һȦ㲻ٹעЩ
Ҳûа̰֮ɫɼǸܽύˣЩķе˲֪Ҫö١
ֲΪЩصĶŻѣǲЩܸǹҲҵ
ҲЦţⷬ˵ǽһ̹ȻһͲǼٻʹùŮĺøиߡ
˵ĶأҪǱ֪ǵӦҲģȴûˣһ䡣
ŮһԽ͵̫ӵºͽԶүԼةЩȥӭʹˣû
ŻȻ񱦶ݲͬˣΪһһЩҲ¶ģȻǺԶɽһûʲôɵĵˡ
˵ʲôʲôǲģ
ŮϲȹͷȻξˣҲÿʼˣǹǱϲȥˡ
ĵص̫ľͰ˲ιԼʹ£ǰŲʣȽСҲ˴Դȵģ
˵㣬ǵʱѾϲԹһЩţɵĵˣҹϾǲܶͲԵ̫ʧˡ
ϲȥǹոհһЩ¶ãԶ㻹ͶȥЦڹŮĴҵ庬
ȻСһ̫ͺʹǶԵλͷϷͿʼˣСҿʼԼҹ׸ʵ۵Ķ
ȷһЩϡ㶼ִһЩƵģҲûжϡˣЩνָľһЩ塣
඼ԲԭŴһۿġ
ţȺͲˣֻɹǱߵʹԼλվȻԻʵ˸ԼҵŲô˳ڵĺ˵𾴵Ļʵ۱£ǻһʮֹص˶Ҫ׸뿴
ʹָ̫⣬һȺű¶СĵŮӿ̫ǴĶɫȹΨЩŮӴӵŵŮӴһȹԺɴ棬ֻ¶һ˫
ŻĹŮӿʼ𲽷赸һźɫĻ棬ʱɢԼϵ¶ȣ㶼ȥһˣ
һʵΪƣǹԼ󳼶׷׹ƣʱһԵʹ˵ǲԭѵʻ䣬ɹʵ۱µĹѰҷҹ޸¹ҵĳӣҲദꡣ
ԭΪ˺ģϧʵֻбһӣСȢôֻѡ¼޸ӡ
ʵźӹЦˣٹپƾѡɣϧҶС빫ϲ֦
ɴժ£¶һ˶ӶԻʵһЦͬɬĺ˵лʵ۱¡
ȻĿͿʼٹǱƣһĸײˮ飬Ȼؼһġ
ֻЩӣӵĻû檵ģò֮һͷƵĺ޲ֱӰߣЩ˵Ŀ⾡۵ס
.

ڰ˰һ£ͦ

ȻоЩʧЩԱ˸飬Щ͵Ŀûۻֻһˣֻĺеľƣ·һж޹һγһ磡
£Գߵǰ̺ӣҪȻ׼
عʱѾվǰ¶ůЦݣһ£漴˵ˡѾȢӣҶһһ˫˵ĳŵ򲻿ȢŮӣϸĳӰɣ
ͷ˵һһ˫ʲô˼ҵĲ𣿳ҲΪʲôȢأ
ŶԭĻʲôʾʮͷۣʲôûôֿˣ
һЩΣʹǱǱСǿϸˣȻȢǵСֱдǹûֻǸԱˡ
ֻϵ̫ͽЦҲһƬ⣬˵ǰʱĸ׻Ҫ檣ͽȢ˰ɣЩ⣬ͽΪɣ
̫ŷھ޹ʵģܱȵţʤĲԭҪǿ취ʵҲû뵽⻰Ҫǽ˶Ů϶Ը⣬Ծ͸̫һᣬŮҲֻ
ּ̫ܲ
庬ò׵ȵôõĻȻǻϲصĵͷӦȻԷǲԭĹǸǺҪˣЩСţ̫˵ģܷܲ˰ɣ
ʵ̫Сˣһޱ㣬˵վ͹ϵ˵̫ˡ΢Ȣģǽҵķ˽Ϊ
߬ŵɿһ˿ЦʰӶܷʲôˣֱүˡ
һԵί֪ԼʲôòиӾȻȢʹͶȥһίʹǱһ£׼İΪԼֹ
̫ҲԭʹͼˣΪǿİָͳӲҪڸв֪ҡ
ݸ߹һ㳼Ҳ䲻Բָ㣬ֻѡҪô˵ĸλ֣ҪôͰּ֮ﴦã
ǹŵϲɵЩżæ˳ǹ䣬ϣΪԼ飬Ҫ˵ǹҲͦ塣
վ̫˵ĸϢŭ׻ŮԸ飬ӸûУİһеһȣȢҲ
Ǿͱ̼ȢҲǸѡ񣬱¾ó檵Ļûе
֮ҪǲܼٵģҲʱ׼ȵĲ˾;ٰʢĻ
ʵҲǼϯ⽣ŵʵڲãں䣬˵ǸʢĻܲϻһء
⺢ӾǿǹǺˣʱʵҲˣѡ
ʹҲԸһιֵĲ죬ͬǹĽ飬᲻Ϊ֮±Ĳ죬ûںĸܣúȾƺȾƣÿŮ軹ǻῴ
˶ʼ庬ϲˣȢ˸Ȼģ뱾һġ
ᵽһʱԼ̫͸͸磬ǹ˹ʵѹˣ
ôҲˣ̫̫ˣôصľʵѬҲųġ
ŲΪܣûںĸܲųģ
塭Ҫҽƣ˵ʲô¶
̫ǲܵ壬ȴҲŮˣľǶôĲƽ۸˼ھ޹ʣΪӾҪ֮λˣ
ǹĺҡҡͷԼһ˿ԶҲ֪ʲôǹһվţʲôҲ˵ҪԼһ
ԭվ˺һǹо紵˵ˣǻ̫ɣ𴵵ľ
㻹ȥǹĻûΪǵ̼Ĵɵü֧裬ԭҲԳԺȺȲˣǿԳظˣ㲻Ǻ庬һء
ǹҲˣ˵Ҫʱغ򸮵Ļڹס£̫ӹĹϵôãűҲģö㺢Ӽ졣
мĿǹһۣ˺ԼҪȥĶǹ͸˸סǼʱ갡
ȷҪڹסǹȥ庬˵һ£ֱӸǹǵˣѲоְʰһ±׼
Լǰȴֻֻ庬Ҳڣ鲻òǺԼ
ҲûȵҪ㣬⹬ſҲ˵ĵطصٸ˵һ½ϵ顣
һ·ܵſڣԶɽδй庬ǰȻһַֻ
ү˲ûо̫ˣΪܴ֪ԼҲֻ˳֣ϧǰ׷ˡ
˺һҲûоɻ뿴һʲôȴԼһɻʵ㻹վǸʲôؼˣ
Ķ㣬ĶõԼ׵ĻֻѳһơտҲûӰ
Զɽڵȶϱ³أͬʱɻʵڹиǹס죬¶ǹû˸˵𣿡
ûаôһ㣿
ԵЩżʱ㲻غ򸮣ǲŷ˳Ը룬ԼⲻҪ޹жû˹ʲôġ
ôתǣɱػʹԶɽȴ˵ȥˣŶȫˣܲΪ¶ٴű°ɣԼ㣬ȥ˷ǵܰʵ䷴ġ
ԶɽǸˣϱôҲһЩŮ˵˼ˣԼʱסԼɵӡ
ǣԶɽ̾˿İģξҲû취ֹȢˣ
Ͼ̫׼Ǻ򸮿ӵģôܸ̫ԣھǾĿȨƣλøòˡ
Ϊʵǲܵˣʵ۶ܵˣ˼СԶ˲ȤԶɽ֪ʵӦ󹬵ǼλɾѾͦ׵ˡ
.

ڰ˰£

һʧǵģ庬̲סȰȰҲͦõģҪڳôһɥ˵ģԶɽͼӲȻطˡ
ǿЦʱȥ̼ͣͲ¶Ӹ׷Ŀɳˣ
һ¿Ҳ飬ΰǸ鷳¶Զɽ֪һ̫Ѿλˡ
ôβ̫أ
ЩֻҪа취֮ǵȰϱȴһ£ֻҪ庬ǲԸġ
ڹϵıúģô͹ŮһΣ㵽׻ʹ庬ãʲô鶼ˣ
ںǷȥ˯ţΪ֪ڿ϶ѹܹȥ壬ܵİ
Զڻʹȷû˯ϲһʹ˯ȥˣӿǷǳİĵĸ㣬һǸߡ
Ȼ⻰ǺܿɿɷϵůͲˣȵһ˯ԼĹҲ
ǹ֪ﲻܣһþƺӵǰ˵ܵĻҪȵ㣿˵˾ʲôûˡ
̲סЦǹⱲӶûʲôѹ£Ϊ㲻֪ѹʱȾƻѹġ
Ҳǣ˼ҹԺգСڵнų󣬳ֱӽɣøƾżԺվܱȱŬ̫ࡣ
˰ɣ˵˵ɣܺһ㡣
ǹѾƺԱһƣߵȫȥԼ˸һ͵㿪ڸ˵ˣ
ǹģͻȻʵ˵ԺôǷǸģ
ҲǹϵôʵĻҪǹҲû˵ᰡÿæ£󹬴
Ҫ¶մȥĹȥǸɵĹǺйԵģ֪ʵ۽ȥĶҲŲˣ
ǹ˵ģоʵĶǳЩɵģΪһŻ쵽ǸȥԸ
ʵ۶ûжȥǸ˵ûһʵҲǿ˶ĽԺ˶ȴ֪ʵ۵жѡ
ԼǹоԼҵ֪˴ҹŷȥ˯ڴϸоԼǹƺеƫˡ
һֱլԺﳤĺ˵֮ǰȻҪȥһԣԼȻɸʲôģֻڸв֪
Ҳ֪ʵҪ֪ɴƫúõĻ᲻
ڶһ磬û糯˹ǹʱ򶼻û˯ãŲҲԺͬˡ
۾ͿĴŵ̴ӴôˣʲôʱҴ߶ģ
ôǹû˸ҴţΪϾͻغˡ
ûлش⣬߶һ飬ܿȵĿ⣬Щ˵ǹŸˣǸûҾͲ֪ˣ
Ϊǹù˸ҴˣԾûҶ˵Ҫȥϳ³֮һؼҰɣ
ȻЩεĿ㣬ʵں͸ˣû˵;ܾԼȥɣҲأĶҵļѽֻġ
ҲΪ庬Ȼغ򸮸ĸҲûɫȻĸ֮Ե㣬ڻʹﶼ㲻庬ַ
ɲǹô鷳ܲΪ庬ìܾͱ
Ȼ㲻أҲˣǰǲ˵ڵĵطǼң
۾˵ʮϣҲΪʲôͲˣ׼ȥĶ͸š
ֻҡͷЦЦҲ˵ûסĵط˵庬Ҳ뾡취ȥġ
Ҫ糯ûü˵仰㱻ĹŮϴߴٸȥϳˣֻתͷ˵ȥϳ㡣
ҪڻʹסŲߣȵߺյſϣԼһôа취
ǵǹ޹һ㳼Ӳڣ㵽˻û㿪۾ܿ
Ҳ˯ˣŽĹŮЩˮϴᷢԼֺˮϴһ£ŹŮͷʱ㱧Թʵôôһܽǵ˵ɵČӲ׽𣿡
ŮЦЦ˵ȥ˵ģܻû˯̫ѣŮҪҪӽھ˵ˣţ˯׼¶Ȼ
⹬ŮϰΪûٸɳ¶û뵽ﻹ˿ɰһ档
̲סЦЦǹŮЩͼ˵Ӷãһľغ򸮵İɣ˵ҪǱĴԼķ˿ɲôš
ŹŮĻ̲ס̾ЩҲǺܽİ
ŹŮͲ˵ˣҲǲ֪ýʲô˰ɣ˺һǹȻ繬Ů˵һ㣬ĵһ仰ʵľ˰
򵥵䣬ϲ˯ѹûмˣǹʾסñסãؾȲغ򸮡
ǹҲ֪ȥҲģſأ̫ӹúܶ࣬Ҳ淸ɵ
취غʲôãĸ׵ɫ
Ҳ˵糯ǵȥǹȴûȥǹȻĴǵ߳ӸµĿ˵ӣڲ㣬Ҹ̸̸
лҪ˵в֮һͤ²Ÿڵ²żôŽȥһⶼûУ˭ȥѽ
˺򸮸ʲô˳ЦȻĳһԼ֮λҪҲȥ
ǹлֱ˵һһε˵֮ǰûô࣬ӶȽȥǱһ취ģ֮λֻһ
ȥǸ幫߰Ȳֲˣ¸ʲôأ
ǹһӣϵı·˵Ҷ
.

ڰ˰£Ϊֹ

̲סЦҲ֪ɲܲҪһİһֱǵһ涼㣡
Ҳ˵ǹͬͬǵܽȥĴҲҪ˷İµľŭʵۣһܡ
ǹߣЩʧĻص׼취鷳ˣû뵽صҿı޵ҧгݵ㳣Ǹλϡ
庬һúöԴţ˵ϸģȸռϱʱ˼Ҷã庬Ц˵ϣ³ˣˡ
ԭ庬Цһ仨Ƶģյһ֮ϵЦͳ׽ϣȻٶ˵һ䣡
⻹ôһμ˿µһĻһΪͲɵᣬҲ֪Ů˸ӹʲôԻӶ̬ȿԽԽˡ
庬ҲһĻ·˶޹أҲһ䣬ǼǺ庬Ҫ֮ǰҪһ¸˾֪̫˵ᶢġ
ȥæԼİɣҸлҪ˵
⻰Ҫƽʱ庬϶ѵ䣬ôԼ˵ǽ̫ˣͺʶȤʲôû˵ˡ
ʱֻʣߵһʹʹҲûҪ뿪˼˵Ҳû̫Ĺϵ
Ƴһʹ˵˵ɣǵôſϷŹңΪҪ޸ңֿڶҲϼ
Ϊǳİֻһ¶Ŀǲ˵ʲôȻԼʹ
ʹС¶һһнңĵЦݣȻ˵ǹ޸㻹ǲԵˣ˵ʱ˽һ£ɲɻһأ
ʱˣȶûУȻѡ֮㻹ǵͷˣҪô˵ˡҲʲôˣ̸ֱȢ¶ˡ
Ҫ˵ԭʹҲֻһǿģ˵ҲȢģȰҲҪ˷ʱ䣬ûнġ
ԭʹ㲻ٶ໰˿ʹֿ˿ûиоŨصĻҩζ
ԭʹ룬ǵĹܸôɰԭ˾ȻôϣҪ֪ڲԭϲòء
ʹɫȻҲͺЦվͽ˿ҪִʱͻȻקס½ǣ²˵⻹ҵһԭҳȥɣҰ˵ԭеǸɽӡ

лöĻһֱװ㿴Ҫȥⷬ˵һֶûУ߼ô˽ʱأ
ʹСԼߣȻòԭеĻҪ´첻棬Ȼվ
ֻò鲻Ըˣϣ㶼׼Ϣˣ̫ǱߵٰŮǵߣ˵̫Ҫټһ㣡
㶼֪̫ûʲô£Էֲ̫ܲȥٰŮٰ̫Сá
̫̫򸣽𰲡
ʱ̫ڹǰŷ𾭣ߵʺãҲ֪̫ķû꣬ǰѶһš
תһۻ˵֪νΪʲô𣿡
Ц̫˼Ķ֪ġ
ʵϣ̫ͻʵ˸ǰòֵ̫߱Щ¾֪ҲҪװ֪
ֻ̫òС˵ҲǣҴ϶֪ԭ׳ţǵǣڲԭǱûҪǹҵ˼
ԺΪԭĴԼ۰СŮ͵ԭףֻΪƽƫƫӣ֪ǸˣӦ֪ôɣ
㲻֪̫ʾ
ͷѾȸոҪࡣ
̫ͬЦһ˵λͣ⣬ֻҪ˲ԭͲǹҽнǹҵĶˡ
Ҫݲһɳӣصԭ¶ɺһ˵ʱսɾǧˣ
ûЦ̫ʵǸЦǻʲôϵԴԼȻܹΪ֮λóȥ
ʵҲ᲻֮λҲǣ˼˵ϵҲô֮λ
̫ƽʽȴеƲҵԴԼҵڵĺܣû뵽Ȼô²ԭ壡
̻û˾û־˰ͽһĻԼҺƽزԭҲƲ̫˰ɡ
㲻ػ̫۾ð֮ɫ˵񰧼ڸúҪʶȤ͵ͷӦҪ¾ͱְĺˡ
´̫󣬾˵̫λĶִüĿӣѹװģ¶Ŀ˰ɣ
ϲ֪մѪŮ˾ȻҲǽ˸оЦ
л̫㣬񸾿һЩʱտУ
е̫Ǹɷģº͵˵úÿһ°ɣаʧ
Ǳȷ鶼죬̫Ĵȥ֮һصģǹ̫ôҲģֱǵĹſڵȺ
ȻɫÿǹһԼČеʵô̫󶼸˵Щʲô
֮λ˳ļ޸ȻԱƽ
ۣҲû̫໰˵⺧İ̫˼ǹһ˵ͱ͡
ǹһȻ˵ģȻЩͬĿ˵ҪǸ˵Щ¶ƾͱȽ鷳ˣ
㶼ûǹ˵Ӧ̫ĻǸݶֻ̫ҪɱˣϾɱһ˻ȡԼҰƽһȴҪս֮ѡǰġ
ǹҲ̾˿ҲûнʵĺܣҪȻ̫ôҲҷز¶ﲻ٣ϾֻǸ̫ûȵģ
Ҳûиǹ˵̫࣬˵Լ˾ȥԼˣǹҲûжӴš
ʹһƬƣǱҲǽ˱㣬һ䵽ҪôܷŹǸʹһӸ浽˻ʵ۸ǰҪزԭ
ʵĶ˴زԭȥҪսˣǵڶŲԭʹѵãֱʹΪֹ
.

ڰ˰£һŮ

ʹʵ˼빤ĵȰҪżȸӴһʱ䣬ʲôװˣ
ȵСʧ뿪ȥˣٸһھ˵ķţԴҲֻǺǺһЦ
ƾʲôʵηԭʵȴҪǰӣʵ˲ԭ嵫ȴǣƾʲôʵ۵ųҪ򵥣
ӻʹҲûغ򸮣Զɽ֪鲻ҲûֻҪܺõ߶Ͷˡ
庬⼸ǸʵΪܹܵ˵ģҹѾˣԭɸ檸ҿ֦ɢҶȴⶼսˡ
ƹݡ
һ˺ƾƣ㵫ȴȥǵʵǻѾˣ㶨ȥ㣬֮ǰɶûи㶨Ҫ
ȥҲǼŵģŶȥ
ԼƾưҲ
һƳһ۷˾ŶҲûŮ˺ܻ죬Լ˼Ҷ档
һģ˾Ŷ̲סһЦǿĵ˵ģһ㶨ֲǶѾһ£
˵ĸа취ƵģҪЦҲˣȻԶɣ㡣
Ҳû˾Ŷһۣ˾Ŷ°Ϳ˵ҵȷа취ֻҪԸҲ԰㣬ģ
ʲô취һŮӣҪԼСһСľͳǧˣԭΪǹҿս
˾ŶʲôУŮ֮ǰйڣܲ͹ˣŲ˾Ŷ
һ˾ŶҲǿˣԼͷϵ˵İɣƾƿұҵһҾͲˡ
ֻƳһ۾ûˣŮ϶дıĸ֣˵Ļж档
˾ŶҲΪ̬ŭֱ˵ˣԼҪ֮ܰ㶨ʹӦΣ֮ڽҲʧʲôи˰ܹǺõİɣ
˵˵ʲô⡭
˾ŶĿеģһӻˮɶˣ˾ŶƲƲ죬ȻսĶ䣬ʶͶ㿪ˡ
˾Ŷ״˵ǽжҲıƱɡ
ֻеķ˾Ŷļƻ˵꣬ƫƫ˻ĺܣһһߵǸʹע⵽ûУĹػһӶԼҹĹػ
ҾãҲǷҪ޵ԭӻСŮҿҲֻǶǹҺˣŲҪи˵Ҫ£̾ͻ˼ߵģ
˼ǡȷĿ˾Ŷ֮ǰȷûע⵽ߵʹڻʱʹȷǲʲôĶ
˾ŶһĪĵͷǴһĿģһЩ漴뵽˾Ŷ³֮ҪҪ
˼һ˵³֮ҿԴӦ£µ֮ڵģΥµҲȻˡĳ˲ܸ쵽
û⣬취ҿǸˣʣµľͲҰȥ˰ɣ³֮ɱ˴Ӧҵġ
˾ŶӦĵͦ죬Ҳò׼Ů˵׻ʲô˵û׵ǲɵģû취Ȳ̫ûȤ
ʵ۲㣬ϵʱԽȥֻҲȵ׶ʧɾͲðˣ֪һһֱż
ʱǵȷοǺЩˣ˾ȻҲˣڵ̫ˣ
ڵһ仰رһ棬Ǻã˵ش󣬵ǴӦ̫ĻɾҪ˷Լɷ
ô붼òԸ⣬ǹǸ㣬һţģͲɻǻǰô
Ҳ᲻֮λģòУǰȢؼҵҲУ㿴Ȣؼȴ
ʱ϶ȻʲôԸǴ̣ԸֲŮ˷ϵ
Ϊǹ㲻㻹ǹֻһͨˣ޸һܰˣǸҲܰ벻Ǹ˸Ůһ
Ȼķɷĳ谮ǹϸһ¹ϵҡҡͷԭ檶µĹ￪ʼ˱Ŀ
ڹＱץǽȴͻȻתԣ棬ηǵûоܾʮֺƢģԴ
庬ȻʲôҲ˵ǼԼӿʼҲǸ˵ģϣľҲ뿪λø
ҺͶҶã
ԭʹʱڵתҲЩɵۣҲö˵ʲôСһݵģʹɵᡣ
һ֮󣬲ԭǿ׳ܲסϵĴԭҾƣ˺ȣ˸ȣⲻʹ鲻ñȥȾơ
ھ¥İֻʹž̳ӳµʲôƣһƾûУøҵľжٸö٣
¥µСһķ򣬼λүһЦ˲ˣ¥ҵľƳ̳̳ᣬȻʹɹȵһ̯ࡣ
鶼Ѿһ룬˾Ŷһ̲ס鼫á
ʹҪվ˾ŶߺŶ˵ˣҪˣһЩ㣬㸽
ȻЩԸ⣬ǹؾصĴս˾ŶҪʲôҪ˵˾ŶսĶȻʮ˵ɱ˴Ӧҵ飬ʱһֳŵŶ
˵İɣ˵ͻͻȻоһƬʪһ£Ȼһѽ˾ŶƿԼϵҺøɾҧгݵĳŮǺòҪȻȲ֪֮߳¡
˾ŶЦʲôܹԿֲ㣬˵ˣֻҶˣֲƼ
ϧõطһбҪҪȻ϶Ҫһˣ㣡
ԼĶɾһֱ֣ͣеһҲֶ˵ϣһ񺮣û뵽˾ŶƽһŮȻŵӡ
.

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רע飬˾ŶԽ֮ºܿͱ׵Ժ˼ǵڶ糯ûʲô
ҲûԼҪȥĶ棬ļƻõģⵣĵľǲԭŮӸԭŮӵ
һΪർ¼ƻʧ֮ǰѵ״
һûгߵУ⼸ϳﶼûȥˣ庬ͦ棬ô⼸˰ؼ
Ҳˣ֮ǲǷʲôìܣ庬ʵֲң¶ҲòҲգ˺庬Ҳˣ
ԭûбģͻȻԼôѾܹ˵ˣԭеСƣԶɽ˵ѾǸˣʲôﶼʱ̲ģ庬Ҳ뿪ˡ
׵裬֮ǰ㻭Ļ񷢴ȴѾͨ˵ˣҪһҪһ档
ĻСȥѾ򸮵һͤУͤпĴ꣡
ǰ˺ܶ࣬ʧȥ˻һæһĨǣǿЦ˵͸ˣһΪ᲻Ըء
ΪʲôҪô˵˶ˣҲһ̫˵ȥˣ
Ҳ֪Լ⻰˵ˣֻԹԵ߶Ȼľ˵ĶǶԵģʵǲҵģΪķֲòҡ
͸ʵڶԲ֮ǰҲ£ǷȽᣬȴΪҳֵԵʵӱڻʹвȻֻӣҾͲǿˣҲٳż޸ˡ
Ȼ֪ߵʹ˵ʲô˵ھԼһѾܿˣôǲܰӻˣ
Ҳȫ㣬߹ɰʵҸҸãðһף㣬϶Ҹġ
ԼαһĻһ˼ҹǰϺˣҲû취ܲԹزԭɣ
лл͸ˣҽǸģҾҲһҪ޵ԭˣǲԭҲвٺжģǻǵĻʵ۱´Уձزԭˡ
ߵʹôһ㱾µģôȰ˵Сزԭˣ⣬˿ͬʱϧпչǵûؾ棬һúÿġ
õģҿ˵׼ʲôʱˣʱɱ߶ţ
׻Сԣô仰ͺ¹Цݣôһ˲Լ˵δؾһ¡
̫ˣĸӣֵԸ˲ʺɺȽϺã
Ĳȥһ밡ҲԵþ࣬庬˵վҪزԭ֮Щϧ
Ҳֻϧʲôû˵̾˿˵ȻҪˣͽӻɣʱڹŹˣҲýӻˡ
Ŀ庬һۣû뵽ӻ¶ôǲ˵׽㣬Ժ󲻻Ÿˣ
ӶĺҲתȻ裬ȴ˯ޱȰȣ̲ܽסҪʱÿһ㡣
ڶһ磬滹ûˣԼϴþ͵ȥ糯ˣһ꣬ȴģƺû꣡
˹УԴܹܴܺһб˳Ļ쵹ЩҪ̸һ룬ܹͻȻԻʵ˵£ԭʹ

Ŵܹһ٣ԭʹ߽Իʵ֮˵ľ˴ʵ۱еģӼĽǹϲ͡
ԣҲûѡҪزԭʵ۱ĪҪΪǸǲԭԸͷʾ𾴣
ʹͿˣ֮Ҳǿ󣬼ȻûйǾףѰɾɡ
ʵҲǸķǵˣ˵ŲҪʵͷɸˣ·ǵộܰ׵ƥ
ΪԭǱߵݣţԵĺҲԭߵƷʺãԭͷԭǼֵƵĶ
ԭʹҪ뿪ԭʵ˵˳ˣٹټ̸֮ǰ飬ܿ͵³ʱ˶߻ʵΨ
Ƕɢȥ֮ʵۺǸ˵˵СӵˢӣôʧȥȤˣ²Ȣˣ˰ɣ¸Ͻϱ޵İнӳȥסˣ
ʵۻ˵Ưʵ϶̫Ϊһ㶼ֻ֪ȴ̫ôв㡣
ԭҪؼҵϢܿڹд˿̫ĹҲ˻ǹ֪Ϣ̾ȥ㡣
ʱ㻹֪ʲôڴϻû˯ѣüûú˯һˣʵۼ˲ų˯ȥ
˳ǹһ±ƣֻǹСźϺϣһ仰ҲûȥǹҪԴ
ˣæһ˵ҪעԼоֹʵʧͳո˵ʲôǸҪزԭˣ
һŵı飬Ҫ˰ɣֻҪõɣû뵽˯һͷ·תˣ
㲻ǹָ˵ԼԲ֪ˣһ̫Ҳûˣɵĳ빬ţ𴲣
ϽӴǹӦòǶģôǲܻغˣ
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ôţȴŮĲ׽֡
ͷһֻ˼ҹſڶЦ
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ص򸮵ĵˣǹһ죬Щʹ׼ǵĹˣԶɽҪȥ͵ģ
ǰͷһжԤĽУûκ⣬ȵʹǶָ̫֮ˡ
֮Ҫ۹͵ģԶɽΪ˹æǰæ󣬾Ϲʹڼûгκ⣬̫;Сܸͦɵġ
ǣɴһݵİԼŮʹ͸ң㲻ţһ۹ߵ˾Ŷ
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̫ͻ飬̫ŮͳҪ˾Ŷհͻزԭһ˾Ŷ
ߵĴ󳼶˼˸˳ˮŰƽһ£˾ŶɾѰˡ
ӹлһֱ㻹֪ΰأͲסһֱʣּ̫ܲ̾͵
ֻðļ޿κε˵˰๫ֱǱĵŮ˵ˣ۹̫ͣȻһţŮ͸ҵҡ
ʲôհͻزԭ˶֪㲻檣ȻҪ˾ŶӲ㣿Ǹ˾Ŷһ߰ĺܣôίң˵ǵ׶ɶˣĸвУ
ĻֱըëˣӲŰȼ찡һ˸ƽӻܹܲˡ
ĳɫҲûʲôرˣ̫ٶҲܲ⣬ѵǿûбλߵˣԲŰ˾Ŷ¼޸ģ
ҲݱȽˣۺ˾ŶĸԸʵڼ޲ȥΪӵ˵Ĺȥ
˾ŶҲǼ޲ȥĽ˶ȥˣֻҪеǴٹԸ⽫Ȣؼҵڹţ
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Ҳһͷ۵ӣ˵ּܲӰҪȢ˾Ŷ̫һҪôá
˾ŶٳٲֱּסԺȥͲµĸԸּܲʥּĹһˡ
סԺ˾Ŷֻһվһ±ֵĺһ㵹ڵϺǲõӡ
˾ŶͺܸˣЦ߽ȥʵͣ㻹ǲǵӦҵҰƽˣǲǸ³ŵȥּܲˣ
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ҧгݵģǿ֪ʲôʱӦŮ
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ҧгݵĿ˾Ŷ֪Լûʲôģ˭֪Ȼء
˾ŶҡͷҵأҾ㲻λҲֻ𽵹󡣡
ԲҰֲǼ޲ȥˣҪżңܹż棬㣡
Ҿò㰡йȣǼΣ㻹ѡң˵˻͹˰
˾Ŷ˲۾ˣһԵ˵ִǽһᣬһǳҰϣһּܲȥˡ
ͬģһ˾ŶЭˣ֪˾Ŷ㻹ѡ
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ҲûпԶԼſ뵽˺ܶ࣬Ⱦ檵庬
Ȼڲ˵ˣӦҲǿĵİɣһҲŽ庬˼룬ȥɸûʲô˵ġ
˺ӵģҪɷ檵£ίⱲܹίˣ
˾Ŷһֱֵڲͣ˾ŶǱ庬ȰߵģҲȥĵطڷſڰš
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ԼҶ庬Ҳ̲ס̾˿û뵽ֻǱŲѾһҪģ
ļǴӷ˶ԴҲ֮ǰǻЦģ˾ŶǸ߶һ£
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̫ջּܲתȥʵۣʵ۸˵ʲôҲû֪һûʲôõӡ
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ǹҲȰ䣬ûʲôãۿŻڽԶɽϲ˾ŶԻµҲһɲʣʣ庬һǸðİҲǣȻ󲻰Ҳǡ
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ַ˸գڴʶЩ壬ĴǰħһȻ૵˷ģҾԲ˾Ŷҵģ
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Ȼڻ죬컹ûѾ߱㺰׼һ׼ӭȢ˾ŶķտҲѾ߿ԲµһţдԶɽģ
ѾȥԶɽ庬Զɽһ°ŷ˺һֻֽдţ׼뿪ǣ˼ҲȢ˾Ŷ
ӴԺôү˾Ŷ㵱϶庬дԼТТˡ
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Ϊ̫󻤶̵Ը϶ץȥԶɽҲǺǵģһʱԺϻʵǱ߸״ˣ
ľ̫Ȩı˽ҪȢŮòĶֲˣԶɽһѱһᰡ˵Ĳϳ̫֡
ʵ֪ܲԶɽ뷨Ǽ޳ǸҲʵھúЦ˾ŶûԼ˾Ц
ʱԶ뾩ǲ֪жԶһϷС棬֪Լ׻ͷĺܣ֮Ϊۣܵ
ҲһǰӵسߵĶĶ죬Ȼˣ·ǰ˲Ʊӻʮġ
ǱǺ«ģҪҪԣ
ָǰǺ«ͷ˵
ҡҡͷԴӹԾԣѾûȤˣǱߵһȺŹһؤЩȥˡ
ȥסһýŷؤӿʵλؤʲô°ΪŹ
翴ҲǸˣָŵϴûؤ߷߲ƽ˵ŻҼСҪԵҲͲ˵ʲôˡ
˽⵽˵ЩûѴȰߣҪؤˣҲ˼£
Ǿŵؤǰʵû°ɣ
ؤûл˲ᱻ˰ɣæһ£ؤϢȻʮˣôҲһŪҽݣôһۣ
ΪʲôԼһ£Ϊ̫ˣؤʱͷɢ¶һ൫Ϥ
ǰȻǱôʮ꣬Ȼһ۱ϳʧѾõȻĴܹٱ׷ɱӲù䵽ؤĵزˡ
Ȼ˼ҴǼӱȽϸߵķݶϻǸһ£˫ȱϣܾպҲ̱ڴϲµ·ˡ
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ҪȣҲһ
ۿıݣһӾ͵ˣ˻˵ΪʲôҪҰô˵ˣ
ôһڽ֣أǲһģ
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ǻɽѾЩҲһһŻ֪˲зϲźôԼԥҪҪɴСչ
Ҳ˵ûûͷˣû˵ʲôʲôȥ
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󣬻ʵۼݱ̫ӱ˳Ӧǻ׷ԼĸΪ»̫󣬲ӻؾǰꡣ
ȴίܾΪǾûԼСңڡ
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£޽ǵİ׷ʵôˣͻȻ˺öһ
ʮôһͻȻ۾ʵ˵ˣıԬԼŵ鱻˽ҷǰЩӡѾͷˡ
龭ɵþһ£û뵽ȻôģԬĸ׶ˣȻԼռԬҵļҲ
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ԬһߣԬֲԬҾˣôļҵԼʼˣȻס
Ԭְ֣ԬأҲ֪ΪЩܵȫҷ˳
ԴҲֻ̾ϢѶ̸ЩҲûˣҲȥϢȥҲˣ
˵ҲǳĬԣİ£ɵʬķĹԱ£ԸҲˣûʲôˡ

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糯ȥ˽ĹʹҲϲܴһİ֮أ⵱˻ʵȻҲ٣һȺŮڸͣñ̤һ
̤ǵֻһòӵŮʲôСʱһܵϲ͵ڸʲô
ǽ챦ȻԼĽֻϷˮԧ죬֮±µŶȻԧ죬Ҫ͸ĸӵģ̹״ӿ
ϲһǸСһѶڱȻߺ˵ʲôĸӰҾͲĶʲôѽ
һ˵ٻⲻǸ³һûиóԵģ
˵óԵı͵Ŵ۾ĴϲЦһϿŵӴ򿪣¶ĵƵǰ
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ҪǱ᲻ôһ㳤˻Ҫȥһ涼ҪȺþãĶڹз㣬Եʱ
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ԸǼѲ㳯ϲǱȥϲȥգŵһͷ˶ĵ̫ôô԰վţҲŮ
ϲЦĺһӣȻ˵Ҳͷȵĺܣ̶ԣ
˵ϲŤͷߣӿۣСȥϵĳòأ
£ֻͨԣһһԾΪ״Ԫ漴Ȣʵմã˼ճɻ飡
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