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1¼Ҳ

1986꣬ǡ
װ߽ʵôˣ
´˵ųԺϢء磬ҿֵ壬һ첻һˡ
ͷһװƿ߽
һͷ׷̫̫ιүӳҩүӼֵܽˣͶ̫̫˵ȥɡ
̫̫˵ͷˮ˳ȥ
үӵһ仰˵ʹˣҲѼҲһɿˡ
ֵܶһ㶣˵֣Ѳҵ˭
үһ˵¹˭㡣
ʱһࡣ
ǻֵʲôֱӸ´ҪеļҲͺˡ
ǲ֡ôˣҡ
үӴ˵ҲҪòƽף֮ǰҾ˵Ҫ飬Ͳ̼ҵĶӡ㲻ȰҪȢ񽿣ҵȻҲ䲻ͷϡ
Ǵ㶼ܣ
үӿ´һۣ˵ֻܲҪݼҲ
ֻҪһƬ
´ЦǰֶҡҵǸ˰ɡ
һ
Ǿͺãô˵´Ǽҵ׶ӡְ´ؼҵʱѾˡ֪´׵ܵܡ
̼ҵĲҵȻȫ䵽һ˵
Ҳ´Ҳ֪Լ̼ˣô̼꣬ҲҲûк´ԭ
ү˵ҪСһ⣬ܱס̼Ҳҵ̳С
æ˵֣ԪͺܺáѾʼ̵ˣһ岮ܸɣȥ꣬ҸһǧǮǧǮ
һ˼ңǸԪͺ˲ˣ˵ȥ϶֪жʡԪȥһ˾ǧǮɲһеı¡ԪֱĽ
ӣƺѾԪүӵļ̳ˡ
үӺ
ôôûмʶ
ǲ֪̼һӣѾŵһٿǮѾ˼Ķĵˡ
ү˵ȻһõģȻҪȫŮйһ˹ȥʱ˭ãҵļҲ˭
һ˵֣αô鷳Ҷ֪ԪǺõģĸȵԪֱӡ
ЩҲĻҵģ˭ˣ
Ϣģͷ˵Ȼǰ֡
֪ͺáүŤͷ´˵̼˺һĺӣʮϵģϵĺӣȫ̼˵мҲ̳еҪ˵
һüͷ
ЩԪĶôһƽ׾ͶྺĶ̼֡ҵĶƾʲôøˡ
-

2·

´룬˵˺һϵӣдŮԪĻʮˣ㲻ϡ⻹ø˷硣
´һ˵дǰ޵Ů覡
ֵ̺Ľʲôһũ峤Ĺܶʲôĵ˵ʱиףˣͲ̼ҵŮˡ
үһߣҲ̣Ҳ̼ҵѪô˵Ҳ̼ҵˣŮԪҲ޳ˣ
һᵽԪ̾ȥһ֣һԪߴģȻ㣬覾͡ҿûʲôɱȵġҲ˷ʱ䡣
үӿһĵһ㻹ˡ
үģǵǮԺӵǼ¡㿷֮޲ãοףǼҶȹѵʱ
ƫƫˣתͷһŮˡ󻹺ף˻顣
ףԺ󣬾Ҳûȥһۣ붼Ϊú
үζĲһ˵ڵԪ˵
Ȼתͷ´˵һϣЩӣȫеҸǰ覲ԪҲҪˡ
үһ仰µģֻñ졣
ô˵Ϊ覶סԼԪ·

ˢĲƤЬ߿űߵֱĳǰһ
ֲڴͳһ̣óһҿڴûҵ
үǰһ̡
³һڰſ˽űߵһۡ
Ϻ˵żĴ󺺣ÿ϶кüˣе˱ͷе˱Ŷӣʹ
ߵ߰˸м䣬һ׳ˣĽűߡ
ү
үֵʱ򣬻Ͷһ¡
һһԶɽ·ֿһ·߱Ƴֵߣ·Եˣӷˡ
һ˵ͷҲǸղűˡ
ͷΰ̫·Բ١
ҲٹһοͳͷԺŻ̾·ϡ
ǵֶκܶ࣬е·߷һľͷȻ·ߡ˿ȥ˾ͻ³ʱǾͻȥ˰ѻ˾ϵǮȫߡ
е·ӣӿ̥Ǿͻȥٶ
ĴӺܶ࣬Ժһ꣬˭Ҳץǡ
û뵽ԼôȻ
ڽһҶҵĳӣ˭ôҪĶ
ү治֪ЩģʮӣҲĶ
Įͷ𣬡ˣֹһΡ
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3²

ϴξүɵĻ·ϹǱǽˡߣǾүӱ˻͸Ķǿб£һõġ
ү֪ԺŴǿһͨĻ·ϹΪ׽
һ˸ճΧǣһˣû뵽Էߴȫܴġ
·߶ûͱʰһء
߯ݣǲеĲС˵ˣû
߱ڵĻæĽű˵ү治֪ٵǾүĻǸʮӣҲүĶ
Ķ˵֮ǰ·϶̫ͦƽ·³ֵģǰ󣬸ճɽǵĵؽ磬ôɾͽǵĶƲ⡣
үȻ⣬û˸ǣǱҲвҪүү¡
ε鿴Ȼ⣬ܾûô򵥡
Ŀߵͷ߶ʱâڱ
ŵ̶̧ˡ
ȥһŲȵߵϣݺݵš
ֺһܱȵģһȥŶۡ
ʹĴУ亹乡
үˣ֮ǰһģ˵յϢһ·Ϲ·вٺö١ǽ궫ԺСȴˣ
̧֣ʳָָ˵
̧ţһ
ֻɫȻӳ죡
һ㶣ˣΪʲô
Ů˲ҺףҽףǰۺҺףҽãҵ׶ˣףҵİģԺҾĸˡûλĻᣬҲסˡ
߲ջԼ֣оԼֹǶҪˡ
һٵĶϺõ˲κ¹ף̰ˣһ˷ߣҲܶõЩǮҲûй¡
ǵ˼Ǳ˵ǹʹ
޲Լ⣬˭Ķãƫƫ˾үġСԺҪһһƤ
ʱһɫĽγԶ˹ͣԱߡ
˳ţȥؽ
𳵸յͣ£һȺ˾ӿ˽еƴҪеƴҪȥ
ʮ֯ĶɱȺ

ĶխĻͨＷȥһƬɹ
һɫװ׼̵ķ߳ͱһֻͱ֯סȥ·
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4¶

պҪǸ̷ŵı֯Ŀӡ
ιԼڵװӺһԺ󣬾Ӣžવ˵ϣֱäһߵ˽
覰ѱ֯ضԼλԱߣһֻļ
覻ͷһǰ˷ʣһ˫۾ģȴֺҹǿաüŨͦӢ
һ·棬Ǹ˶óǸǮˡ
˽ľãǱȲСʱ硣
⹫˵ͿҪˣ걱ǵ飬ͻȥѾаûˡ
һ뵽覵ҲЦӯӯʵʲô𣿡
ƳһǰŮˣ۾ִˮ飬ƤҲܰ𪣬ֻǴһֲһͷȻֺȴҪ黨衣
ĴãΪǿսʱ
ӵĶҲмʮɣһŮ˾Ȼô
ϹȻûʲôܱȵСʱ¶á
һؽΪȥף覵¡
ֱ̧˱Լ䣬ֱ˱ڴϵı֯˵ĴӰҵĿӹˡ
һ㶣ǸԲĿӵĶ
˵ڽ￴ǿɫĽӣ覶׵ϣѿӼݸ
ûȥˣ´ζʵ㡣
ûнӣʵ֪·𣿡
һĬӵٶȥͺˣλӢΪ˵¶ơ
ȻݴȵԶˡ
ٹ·ѿӶȥҲͺ˰ɡҵǸ̬ôϿңѵоڹҲ𣿡
ƳһۣϿҵĵǸһ䶥졣
Ȼɶµ¶һһ
̧ۿ˿ǰˣ̧̫˫֣Ȼ󡭡͵ذƳţѸײڶ֮ưŴ
¶ƣ
ĹխƳȥԺ󣬱ֱײ˻𳵵ϣһ졣
ȵĿǰţôô
ʱӻ𳵹ľͷȻһһȺ˳߷ӵȺ˵ĺ棬мſ׷
֪ʲôѰڻվһ·׷˻ϡҽԶ𣬲޹˶
-

5¾ү

üҪߡԵźȻ򿪣ոհƳȥְֻק˽ȥ
ѸٰŹ
ΣŻͷߵ˵ȴɣЩ˵һˡ
ҿŵĸãȻ¶ƣﲻѽҪǱˣθС
Ŀӣ˵·
üͷʲô
覴ı֯߷ұ˵㶩ӡ
ȻͿ覴ӱ֯﷭˼·һȣһƿͣ
覺òҵԼ߰תʱȴվԭûж·Ҳûѡ
覣Ϊʲô·
ˣҲϲҵĶ
һǰѿӶϰɡԺҲ硣
ץסԼ½һ˵˲á
Цϣ¶ʱˡѵΪС㲹·
ϻΪǶһҲôΡ·һͲˡ˵žǰ·
ˡסԼ죬óѣֵֻʱϸĴжʱ񴥵һ
Ӵ졣
𶯣ȻеԼѡ
ԥһ£Լ׵ݸ覡
ڴûж룬һһֻӵĿӣߺҳһɫ˿ߣʼӡ
ۣͷŪߵʱ򣬲ߵǺܺÿɫʺ죬۽ëҲܳ
ãǲ
һ־ɵװ粻ͬϸϵһֺºʹʡ
ղʧҲ֪
ĳþͣˣ覼ߵʱҲ̧ͷһۣűߣһ˫޳
һ㶣Ϊû֣˸ղ͵Լ
Ȼź֪ԼղǺһ˶һңҪǻһ֮ͽ
ˣҲļ䲻ڡ
ү𣿡
үһЦˡ
ڻ˽֣Ǵӷ⽨𣿻İ뵱ͳˣѾ˰
ָ֣ͻȻ
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6ºúñ

ɨһۣЦʲôû˰©ĳƺ
̰·ȥӶˡ㡣
ӹ·һۣ¶õһ俴һһ޶һҲû˵򿪷˳ȥ
ǰֻͷһۡ
Ȼ뵽һɵ㣬ǴãӦһƱŮˣǹԼɴõģ
ȥǵĻϣ覰ԼĶһ顣óӺúһԼϵװ硣
Ӧú˰ɣ
·ƣ黨蹻
վĴȱվӵĶӵΪԼٳһ·
ճվͿһɽװԼĪʮ˾һֽվڳվֽд֡
覾ֱߵǰЦ壬覡
´۾һֽ嶪һߣ˵ôûû뵽覶ôˣ嶼ûϳϳɣүүǵܾˡ
´˵ţ覵ù
ΪһЩ·ʲôģû˭֪һ͵һ´ûվȡ
üһӵĶʮ
̼Ҿ̣´ԽһĶеĺܡ
´ͷһŵСû뵽ѾͷССһֻȻ
Ҳ´һۣʵ壬̫ðɡ
´æƿ˵ڣҪŮʲôû£õö
˵ţӵĶ߳˳վ
´ɽһߵһγǰ棬ѸһʮСӣһͷ
һԵ˷߷׷׶ͶȥĽĿ⣬γǮ˼ң
´˵覣Ҷ˺⡣
覵ͷ˺Цøá
˺ˬʵЦӺá
˺˵Ű覵ϳ֮˺ϼʻ覺´˺
γһ·˱õһӡ
覿·İĳ˴Լϵϸӣһ˿Цݡ
裬ĶһҶû
γһߵСͣǱõһӣ̼ҵүҲ覵үүµķ
γһͣС⣬ԪӶ˴
վߵĴ˵һүүǰɱû˷ִ硣ͷһΰ̼еĺӶۼҪ׼ԺļҲܹʱֺãԺٲĸŮһݡ
-

7β̵ȥ

Ԫ˵ʲô覲ũﳤģﶮسǵ£Ժ˵ҪأҿɾͲһˣҴСڳﳤ󣬶覶ȥˡ
ԪЦеĴյǰ˵˵ˣǻаʲôµļĶ
ͷѾš
˺ܶˣ´һָ覿үү̡
үү̺á
Ķӣ˷㡣
˵Ͷ覴覾͸һͽ㡣
Ըˬʣ̾ס覵˵覣Ҷûм㣬ֻ˵֣û뵽㳤ôÿ
覵ģĸףǸеˡ
Ƥеİףһ˫۾ִˮ飬üë赭£΢΢ôôϲһͽ˺ţ¸ʮũġ
ĬĬ覵ģȻɻʵ覣ôôڰѽôôһ̣
¸ũˣӹúãֵȻԪŴ񽿴¥һĻ͹Ӳ
˭óĳ
ǿ·ȻһЦˣ˭в·覣Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ЦǰũģֲһҲӡ̣ԪŪá
Ԫһ̼ţ˵˵ʲôʲôʱŪôһˣΪʵû뵽ſھң
Ц㲻ǵСʱүүһ¿ңΪҪүүҵѿǣҴ·ȥˡǱ·ߵʯͷƵġôһ̡
˶Ԫָôô£ôĶԼĽ֡
覵ϰһһ飬ʱСǲˡ˭֪ǲǴˡ
ʱүӷĲ豭˵ʮ꣬ҲСˡ
ȻϢүڸ֤˵˵Ķġ
ԪˣȻûӳϡƽʱβͶҪˣû뵽ôûе
үӿ˴һۣʵһֱԪ㣬ƽʱģ
񽿵һ죬ѵܲζ
ǣǣһȥԺһúý̽˵עЩ
үһ˵ǸýԼβѹһˣһ̵ֱȥС
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8±

һ֣үүԭôĬ
񽿿վڿмԲһѣ˵£ˡ
ǶΪҲ̳е顣
ոնһԪһְ°̧͵ү˵
ȻҵģȻһҼ̳мҲŲѼҵܹ⡣ҪһˡѾ׼ͬĵطٸÿͬıȥӪԺ˭Ǯ࣬ҵļҲ͸˭̳С
ү˵꣬ԪѾ߸ߵ̧С°͡
˵⣬̼˭ܱȵĹ
̼ֻĵһͰ屶˻ڵⳡϣ֪˿ءʱѴҲðæⳡϵɹء
˷ǵĵɾͲˡ覣ԪûзˣԪһƿ
Ķ˺絹пĶ֣˺ԸͶһģӻֱ˳Ҳ˵
̼ҵļҲһġ
Ԫ⣬Ҳһʤȯյӡ
˷￴Ԫһ£Ԫ˸ۡԪţʱɲҪһͷ
ֻϢЦˡ
үүſе󰡡
үʵ˭𣿡
Ԫһ˵ûУүү취ƽǶͬ⡣
Ƕľˣɲүӱԡˡǡˡ
ԪʵүүⱾжٰ
һٿ顣
ղŻԪٿ飿ôǮܸʲôҰָǮʱ򣬶һǧأ
үӿԪʵһëǮʮǣһǮеһۻʲʮ飬˼һ굽ͷųһ⡣٣㻹òҿǴִŻǮӹˣ֪ǮٶĲס
Ԫү˵ҡ
ôܹҪĲ
ֲЩҪУΪʲôҪЩ˱ȣ
ƽʱ˳ԶٷҪʮ飬ٿ飬ܸɵʲô
ʱү˵ôСͲˣҪˣ˳ҲС
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9ץ

˳ô˳ǹϵ̼ҵļҲĴ¡
ǣٿǮҲ̫˰ɣ
Ԫ᲻Ҫ۵ʱ˷һ˵үү
ҲͷҲԡ
ԪһӦˣＱͣҲֻӦҡҲУ
ô˵᲻ܶˡ
ڱ飬Ժ˵ʵڲУͺͼҪ㡣
ִ󷽣ôһġ
˭֪ԪճүӾ˵õǮԺ󣬾ҪͼϾùϵٶһһǮеǮҪ֧Ŀ˭Ǹ˭ȫҪ¼˱ϣͻһëǮǴһлӣҲҪҵʱҪ˵ġ˭˼Ǯһë䡣
Ԫ죬˵ʵΪʲôü˰æ
ˣҪ
үһУɰԪ̶ˡ
翴Ԫ̿Ԫƴƻ˰ɡ
үǸ˾Щʲô˼͸ߺһүӢ
ڴҶͱҪνʱΨʵԼѡǣ
үӶ̫̫ʹ˸̫̫վóһӣֱֽֽעͬضεĵ̡ЩֽǸǹģдʲô
ʵäѡ
үӵͷҲǾ̲ٵĶеʱ˲ãһӶͷ
̫̫Դ˵ѡɡ
ҪһԪͽһߵǰ˵ѡ
֮󼸸˰ѡֽ覸ղֽһݵԪ͵͵ߵ͵ĵλá
ղȵһѡˣеǴһӣǸȻһٶʮƽӺ滹˰Ķء뱱ĵĵضԶǮ˲ࡣ
֪ǸĶһЩСϰա
˵ˣѡôһطٺõӣҲǮ
͵͵覶ѡ˸ʲô
ⲻãһɾͰԪ۾ʺˡ
ؽ֣ĵλãǮ˼õ̶ǿǶ˶ĺõضΡ
-

10»

ȻĴ󣬵Ҫ￪һӣ߳ɵİǮ
ѾͷҲ̫˵ɣ
Լôѡôһǽĵطǵһѡ
ԪԽԽͷʹ˵飬Ÿô졣
üͷһ壬˵ĲôԪһʼ
˼Ƭ̺վЦĸүӶ˹ȥһ裬үӣѡԺ󣬿ɲŻһ
үӵһ⣬
Ӵ񽿶˲¾Ϳĳ⻻Ӳ򵥡
˵ǰղԪңѡС²þӪ覸ǣԪѡôһضΣܳԿΪǰ覴·ȥǸҪ覻ӡ
ү˵ӼȻѾˣôǺǵ顣ȥ覰ɡ
񽿰ĿͶϣ覣㿴ǵôҪǾͰӻ˰ɡԪӸ󣬻˰Ķأ
ǵһǣһ֪ĵضν󡣳ᣬƭá
ڴĿУ覿˿ֻаʮƽ׵棬̧ͷЦˣղүү˵ҲǾҪһ֣ѡʲô棬Լ
Ԫ񽿸ǰжд̡ܰѺøа
Ҫ۸ǵĵضΣⲻ֪֮ǰͽǵĵضκλöĴˣר˻һͼ
ؽ־õĵطǺүү˵Ҫʱ˸ʣ±֪ĵضκãҪ
Ҫôʹƭߣûš
ʱ߹˵覣Сҿ
覹̧һ˺ûмʶ˵ʵҾͦˣʮƽأؽ֣
˾ȵôõĵطҲ̫˰ȣ߹ֽȥĿؽ֡
ʱˣתԪǸòǿĵ̵ضκãҪİɣ
Ԫ֧֧˵Ȼǣĵ̱Ĵʮƽ˰ĶأһҲ
һԹ˷￪ʵﰡ
Ԫ˵òŸ㣡
˭֪羹Ȼע⣬ֽ˹ȥ
-

11ºһû

Ԫ磬㻹ң
翴һֽ˵ط㻹Ҫ覻˭֪Ｘ쵽ǽˣ˭ȥǽģطؽôȰ
ҿĸŮ۹ʱģǲ۸覸ʲô֪Ҫ観
˵ô˵ʲô観Կ˵ʲôǸһһ׵ġ֪ˣˡα
Ԫǿ˵бµˣﶼ⣡
Ц˵ĶԣϣڴúõطӡҾؽռˡ
Ԫһס˵ȵȣ㲻ܾԼǿб£ͺһ⡣
ɨԪۣȻҪ̰
˵Ҳһɣ
ǸңҾͲ㻻
Ԫ覲Ϲ͹⼤ŭ˵ҿǲңһûã
Ԫ֪˵費ãʱŴҵ˵Ȼûܻүܼŭ覣ѵ̺ԼˣҲܲЩˡ
ǹϵҲ̳еĴ£
Ȼ覵ֳ˼ŭ⣺˵ʲô
˵ûãһûãԶԣ
үȥˣǳסڣ
Ԫ˵˵ûбһ
ҪҪΪĸ棬͵úǻԺ覾ͺӮˡ覲ζһû¡
ԪͲţôˣ᲻άԼ
˭֪覷༥Լû³˸ģҪҺ㻻ҿԼ飬ѡôһط˰ɣ
Ԫ˵£ɫʱһ㡣
ѾͷȻϹ
ʱ˵ǶˣҪһðǮԸ𣿡
ԪĵһϲĿǳѾͷ֪ؽضжҪȻԸǮ
ʵҪǮ
ס˵覣Ҫƽױ
˵û£ҸһҲĳЩС
һ仰չʾ覵ţҲڰʾԪܡ
ѡһõĵطżæŵҪһطԶԣһС
観һָֻ֣ſ˵ʮʮҾͰ̻㾭Ӫ
-

12㲻Ҫ̫̰

Ԫˬ첻ѣЯİǮãʮ
ﰵ֣覻ǴôõĵضΣȻֻҪʮͺˡûˡ
ǾԪǮݹȥʱȴƿ֣˵ҲҪЩǮ
Ԫ״覣ô˿أѵ뷴ڲɣ
ҲڣҲҪЩǮָָԪϵֽһЦҪģı𣡡
Ԫһ㶣үүı
ֻٿ飬;úˡһʮı𲻾͸
̵λȻҪǱʱҲһⰡ
ԪҪ覣ѣ̼Ͱѽѵ˻ȥ
ԪԥԥҪõضΣҪ
Ԫ˸ȦʲôǮǮǮŲͺˣˣٸʮҸһ٣˰ɣ
ҪҾҪıֻҪʮ
Ԫϸϸüëһ壬٣𣿡
ֻҪʮ
Ԫһҧ˵٣ǺͱȵǮˣ㲻Ҫ̫̰ģ
һЦŶԭ򰡣˵ҾͲˣ
˵ҪֽڴԪһżȻϹʹ¾ĵҺ㻻
ЩǵСʮ飬ıһ
ԪŵûϵҵͷԣֻܿҪõؽֵĵ̣Ժʲôҵġ
ʱ̫̫ó˱𣬷ֱ𽻸ҡ
ԪԼıóʮ飬ݸ覣覲ŰԼֽԪһ¡
ƵүǾ⣬˵ôˣԺҾͿ˭á˭ܵõҵļҲ
ŵʱס˵һοɿˣ
˵˭һأԪһ仰˵Ķԣбµˣﶼ⡣
ֽϵĵ̵ַ˱⻹ҫ۵Цݡ
߳С󷿣һСܹŲ
ã
覻ͷһ˺⡣
ø磿ôˣ
˺ֽݸ覿
˺˵ҵĵλ봺ﲻԶ֮滨֡˳һȥɡг
ЦЦ˵á
˷ҲӴ˳૵Ϊʲôʮأղŵӣ覿ԺԪҪʮʮİ
-

13¶

ԪΪ˶һģ˵ˣ³ģĿǳҲؽֵĵҵϣǾ͵ɡ
Բ˷ϿĬԣĵı˭
ϣһѺ֡
Ԫ˵꣬ʹ񽿵ﳤȥ
˷ﻹܸоûô򵥡
סߣ磬ƽôˣЩҪȿȥ̰ɡ
˵ĵλòϲ£ȴ滨ֵǿһ㣬ؽȴֲһ㣬ʤڵ̸˶ࡣ
̫̫ʰ˲ȥϴˣ´үӡ
үЦղЩҲ࿴һȦ˭Ӯ
´ЦҿӮʲôģûʲôҪ
үһʲôƵӣ˵֪ĵˣ˵޷
Ԫ´һ٣˵ƺӮղŵı̫ꡣ˾¡̫̫򵥡ͺñȸղؽֺʹѡԼռ˾ѵĵضΣһӮ㶼û뵽Լ覸ˣһͨ
үЦеŶҲˣ
´ЦټȥʮʣµʲôǶ𣡡
ǹԪءںĲʮǮҪԪҲʹ졣
Ǳ˵ԪԪ裬񽿶ûз֡
үӿ´δ꣬ǻô˼ˡ
֣ӮĻ˭ﶼ˰ɡ
̰ķչ̬ԽԽã̰µ᳤̻ԺԽԽˡĥĥԺýҵĵӣ̰ǿʢ
´˵˵̰˵ǵ»᳤һʮˡεʱܶ˲Ϊ̨ܿû뵽ȴԽԽˡ
үֻܸ̾һ䣬ǳǰ˰ϣ̼ҵ⼸ӣԺܳɲš
˺˴ӣΧ˶ͨ˼ңúõ˼гһͲˣ˺⿪Сһʱ䲻˷׷׹Χۡ
˳߽￴ͽṹ
覻һȦüͷȻƵӺȥİĶĶ̲Զ͵мøһԺӡ
ԺӺܴΧ
-

14¿

ȫϤԺ覵ͷ˼һ
˺Ҳ˽껷Ժ˵ʵǸ㲻ûġ㱾кܴơ
覲˵˿յӣ˺˵ȻҰҵĵøɣҵλúһЩлӮ
һ㶣øң㲻Ӯ𣿡
˺˵Ҿûⳡˡ
覰ѵ̺ԪԺͺܵ覣Բ
׼覶̺ܲͰԼĵø覡
˺磬ûһ仰ץһֺƲʲôֵÿҫ飬ֵÿ޵ˣܰһƴɺƵˡԼĴ㣬㲻õˣȥĵ̰ɡ
˺Щţѡһ
ţ
ͷİɣ˵Ű˺Ƴ˵̣лл˺
˺ⱻƳԺ覾ʹ˵š
ߵм䣬վԭתһȦһ˫۾תת촽΢΢ţ֮Ѿһˡ
ԺߺȻһĨЦݡ
ʱһת۾Ѿȥ졣
Ԫĵ̿׼á
ؽ￪һҷװ꣬Ϊ֪ڸƷװǷǳߵģܷһ
ؽˣֶǮԩͷ֣Ǯķ
Ȼ˽ʮǮװһԭûκװĵ̡Լĵ̿ϵһЩ
֮ϵ֮ǰʶķװ̣װϰһٷԺܵ͵ļ۸һ·ֻԪһʮ顣
ǰǰЩµĹˣֻʮ顣
֮ԪֻʣʮǮˡ
ţȵķװ꿪Ժһ׬װҵ׬Ǯ죬ԼһӮҡ
ڵѾ·ֻҪЩ·ĵ̺ܿܿˡ
ڵ·ʱ򣬴
Ԫʵ裬ע˵ĶûУ
˵İɣô飬趼㶢أĴˣ˷￪Ƿݣ翪͵ꡣ˺⣬񿪵ǲҶꡣ
ԪһΨ©覣æʵأ׼ʲô⣿
ü˵⼸춼ڲͣεʱΧ˴һЩʲô¶ûɣԶȥҲ֪ĵ״ʲộϵʱڵھ˵ʱ賿Ϩ
-

15˽Ǯ

ԪüҸ߸𣬵˵ߣҿǼ˴ǸƵطԺ󣬲֪øɵʲôˣһǱסˣ
̸͵ҲǣƵطʲô⡣ӮңһҵŮ
˵ܿ˿ӰͳһʮԪҿ춫ܵģûԺ÷ЩǮȥһٺõġ
Ԫһ裬үү˵ҪǮˣȻ䣡ҪҰ
һ⺢ӣôǺأǮ극Ĩˣүӻܲ㻨ûǮ
ԪһҲеӹǮڴ˵ĶԣҾͲүүôͨ󣡡
ΪʡǮֲ赭ûٳԣϾ覿ȥʮǮˣֻܹ׾һˡ
ʮǮһҪȥĴ¥úóһ٣
һߣ覴һľ˼˳һֲ·ĴЦеԺſڣ˵ӣпճ
һӦ£пһ
ҪЩΣҼϺһã
ЦеʵŽ㣬ܲһ飿
𣬺һˣҪʲô飿
ʣµЩľͷҪǻõģ͸ɿӣһңɲɣ
һڴӦɣѾͷʡǮ
¶һСЦС⣬Ҫϸһ
ݱľתȥʯңһȦȥһг˺һЩЩҪõĶ
һʱ䣬гһ飬깵ĵطȥˡ˼˵ңȴʮҵĵز
һĵһ׵Ͳ˸ףҪڻƻʱ͵ʮһš
Ķ࣬ϰֿһŮˣЩҲãˬĴӦͻ
Ȼص˵ûСʱǸϰ͹ˣ覰һ衣
гϰҲһۼˣŵ׼߰˰˵ĸֶʵҪꣿ
-

16

ԣô
Ǻã⸽ûмҷꡣֻҪӺãӦҲ̫ˣڵĲ˼۶ͣȥг˽Ҳ鷳һŮˣæ۰
г˵а취
У㷹꿪ˣһ
ڶʯҵʯĥҲˡ
ľҵҲ˹εˣ·˵ģԲš
ͬһ͹ģļ˫ӡ
覿Щӣ˵˵ллŽ㡣
лʲôЩС⣬˶ʱ䡣ʣµģƽҲǵգɿӻһáԺҪǻʲôҪ㾡ܸ˵
˵ԺɾŽˡ
ȻЩڣϴҸ˵ģϼҸ˻鲻õӵ顭
Žͷİɣҵλأ
ϲЦտУллӣлл
ǶŮˣҪʱһѣҲӦõġ
һڵʱ覶ϾһٶʮƽСûгȥ
˴˺üΣ֪˼ʮĶ⣬ʲôˡ
һ죬ڵ̺ͷСԺĥӣǰšϴϴ֣ߵǰţһŷ⿴
ͼŴһŮվſڡ
̴˵ţ˽˽
ӣҸ˵ģϼҸպǸ˻ıã
ŮĿбӣֻͷԼżǰһذ壬һ˫ֽץסԼ°ڣʮ־н
ļݣȻ覸߳ͷ쳣һ͵
˵һݹ֪ʱ򣬸˺ü죬ѼĶʰˣ͸űˡ
һνǡ
Ƭ̣˵㳤ÿǺÿ
̧ܳͷȵң
ԣ̧ͷ˵͸ÿˡ
覶ЦԭԲ԰׵ϣҲһĨ̺Ѫɫ˼֡
覸ǰ˵ǰ޵˲ǸˣҲûʲôˣֻܵҷݹԺ鷳ˣ
˵仰ˣ覿һ·˵ҲŮˣҲŮˣֻһ䣬ҸҲûʲôסĵطǾͽţڵＷһӣ㿴𣿡
-

17

СһĵͷУʲôС
̲Цס㣬Ž˵ͱҴ㲻ôн
ͷң¸鷳
ҵһССĸ䣬ÿ˯䲻󣬵һ㹻˯Ĵ
⻹һľӵһ
覰Žѵȥ˵Ž˵ܸأ϶鷳ġʰһ·һʰٳҺԺﻹҪ
˵ֻ꣬صԺȥĥˡ
תȦʯĥ˽Ų
ûʲô·ʰֻԼһ·ӵ¾ͳˡ
һ߽ԺͿԺĶܡ
Щһһ˰˲㡣ͷһϣѹһʯͷեˮöܾΡ
ĶԺ
覴⼸죬Щˡ
ĶˣЩģ
覵ͷǡ
ɵ㣬
򶹸ԭҲ뷴ʲôʵ̫ˡ
е㵣ǰӵʱûǮǮ
Ͼġ
Ҵըһ嶹ˡ
߹ȥ㶼ôˣһˣĥɣ
˵Сı·ŪˣԺﻹһΧȹΧȹϵɡ
߽һϵΧȹˡ
ְĥĥȦ˵ĥӺãСᣬŮĥҲ̫ۡ
ǵȻʯרģ
׼гõĥҵأԤ±Ūһͨ˼ҵĴʯĥþ۵̧첲ˡ
ĥһʵںܶ˶ϲûӣôûôඹûʡ
ʯĥҨһ׶ӣ˵ˮ˵Ķӣ̫̫áңҪʡǮôĶӴٲ˵ûǮ˵ֲֹһζ
˵ţȻ뵽ǰ˵Ļ
̧˫۷Ź˵㣬Ž˵ӣˮһĶһһƯ
˼˵ѧһЩ⣬ǿʱԵģϲ˴̨档Цˣ
-

18㹤Ǯ

ƶǫ飬һ嶹꣬ȥгˣȻǻԡ
ĥ꣬˽ˮʵЩô죿
ţأ
ɶã
Ժ֪ˣ
ũģЩ飬ǰҲʮְ覵æ
һ£ûþͰһ嶹˳
˲ˣС֣˼˸観
˶ʱܲ˼һۿȥ˵Ĳɫһʳ
ӼһӲ˳˳޵óԡ
ǾͺãҾԲߣ
飬˵һЩ
ǰ޵ǸƹÿؼҲǴ
һˣŲϲһھͻµˤӣ˵ĳʳιġ
ҲΪˣҲһȾԼĶĺѳԣڣȴõ˹
ҸЦˣŸԷ
극覴̸ģ˵»ûмôĵءҲûʶ
㣬˵˵ʵ顣
ͷʱ̧ĴƮִٲ˵ʵ˵˵ǸˡֻҲûʲô£ҲҪǮܸС
ӣҲһ
˵ҲˣҪһҷݣݿ϶ҪһӡĳպܲԺпյʱٴ֣ҵİ﹤ˣҸտ꣬ҲûжٱǮĹһ¶ʮ飬ԺǮǣô
ʮŵû˵ˡ
˵ֱһ۰
ǴɽģǵطϡҪΪһϹܴȥ˭ҵĺӳȥҪżʮǮǾǸˣ
ǰӣȻ˵һҪʮ
УҲҪôǮعæܾ
Ǹ͵ʵˣ鶼ɡ
ʮּԼֵǮ
һ뵽ԼղŻ覸ԼǮ͸ˡ
ͷ˲Ҫ߹ʵģ
գʵȥ󷹵Ҳȥˡ
ķӦǰŪˡ
-

19¶

˵ղҲ˵ˣҪʡǮ㶼ҪĥΪʡǮԸЩڸҵĹȴôߣңʵǲҪ
㵹еĺˡ
˵ĥӲֻҪʡǮҲΪҪЩ
˹һҡͷ֮ҲҪôǮ࣬ʮǮѾ˲ˣȻԼĶ
ֵӣֻ˵УǾʮһ¡Ժˣٸǡ
һЦ˴֮ҵп
һŴϣһ˯
覱һرˣû뵽ñ磬۵ʱѾԺӴɨһ飬̨϶Ѿˡ
覵¾֪ûҴȷǸܸɻˡ
˸˵㣬ô簡
С˶˵ϣ˵ϰˡҪʲôⷹ׼ʲôʱŰ
üģСгʣµĲ˳ġ
ȻǼ򵥵Ĳˣǹ֣ͱüóԡ
һװͽ˵ըŪũĲӦþҪ͵ˣٹϼ죬ǵķݴԼܿˡ
ũʲôʱŵģ
֮ǰҾѾϵ˸ĲũǰԼֵĳԲĲ˵ͼҡôЩ죬Ӧöˡ
ԼֵĲˣ˶ǮԲҲ˷ѡ
Щũ˵һЩͺܲˣץס˲ũܵͼսЩˡ
в¶Ŀ⡣
ܸоرʲô綼ԺﰲźˡȻڿЩ飬Ͽʮֵ飬ܸоЩƺЩϵ
ŮӿͲʵĺܡ
һܸɵģҲǡ
رܸɵŮˣڳ극Ժ󣬾ͿʼըڹͬʱըôĶҲ㻨Ǵʱ䡣
ڶ覺ϵۺͶСУ˱״ҲŽ͹ըըƳԺζ
һֱ˵óԣнЩƲסԼ˺ü顣
ըζƮﶼǣ쳤˲ζֱ̫ˡ׻˵㲻覵ĵ껹ûýַںĲˡ
-

20³Զ֮

ըԺǶ̶˺Ժ̲̳
ȴûװ̳Ҳû̳ӿװˡ
ʵⶹܷŶã
ô࣬·Ųסûͻˡ
ʼתȣһȣ׷ᡣٺóԵĶŻҲû˳ˡ
ζЦţͳԡ
Ԥһڶũͷ׷Ͳˡ
еĲˣǮԺֶ˳һ̶Բũ˵ûʲôöԸǣԼģǳ
ũӹһ£ֱóԡ
ƽʱֱӵˣιѼû뵽ôųԡ
˵ƽʱԵķﶼûзŶˮⶹǷըģȻˡ
ָָϷװСӵĶ˵ﻹ࣬Ǵȥ˳ҲãָھӳҲС鷳˵¿һҷݣ죬ݵˣԴһݶߡǮ
˵˵ũͷ
覻ͷһۣƺ׹˵ʲô
ЩũߵʵҪöƴȥ
覵ͷԡϢŮ˵Ǵģũܿ¸ԼҵϱŮ˶̰ͼСˣѵĶ죬϶ʱһʮʮ٣㲻ǮʲôҲкܶ֡
ȻˣʱǲԷҲô˼סǵĵʣĶըҲǡһǼûʲôǮʡһʻʣĶҲܶ࣬²
ǡһԺӡǾơԺӶʱԷҪģһٷס˵θ
۳ݵ˵̫ˣȻôԶ
ũȥԺ½½춹˻̽Ե˼䣬ƭ˵ġ
ǵǼõԺ͵ʵ
Ϣٴ鼰֡
˰ʱ˳һӵſӵ£ںĳըһճͱꡣ
ǵ˰ûм٣齥Ķŵһ⡣
-

21²

ƣмֵԴʱģ
˵Сζݡݵֵ˼
ЦûĻȡ־ͼһüǡϣԷˣܳԵζ
鷢Ժ󲻵һ죬ǾͶ֪ˡ
Ͼֵˣʵټ͵Ķɲһǰ㣬ҪҲǶѻɽ
үӸ֪ʱҲ˳˼´ʵô
´ü⺢ƺЩˡ
үҲܴͬȥȻã̫ǮϣûǮʱ֮²С
үӵͷ˼ѵѾͷ̫ӮԪˣԲţ
үʵô
´̶ȺˡĿǰԪĵ档༸ҲȺЩӬͷС
⣬һġ
ʱ˿̣Ԫڵ񽿴Ϣ
覺˷һһҷݡʲôĻϵˣһݶߡ
񽿼̱Ƕ˵￪ǼСݡѾͷôֱʣҪˣ
ⲻԪ˫ֻأյ˵
ʵʲô
Ԫ˵ѵģҶٱȥңҪݵĻðҲûǮɣ˵һ˰æҲһǮһô㣬Ҷûأôŵģ˷￪ݵʱʽ𶼲תһĴҰѾͷôģ
Ҳ֮˵Щ
Ԫһתѵ͵͵˽Ǯ
観ǣʶʲôˣ
᲻˳ǮԼǮԪͻȻ
񽿻ɵɣ𣿡
Ԫ϶һǾүү鲻Ҫˮ㣡
Ԫһ뵽ЩС裬ǵøϿүү覾ˣ
ЦЦٵȵȣȵʽҵĵһ죬ٴүүȥˣҪʱһˤ
ԣô죡Ǿס覵Ķ̴ˣ
-

22ĸݲ

ʱʱֵŮ˽̸˵𣿴￪һСݣʲôÿ˹ȥһӶߡ
һŮ˵˵ˣҼҵıķȥˣǶ˵Ǻܺóԡ
лôһȥǼҷݳ
Ԫʱһ˰ǣϢȻؽˡ
Ԫǰ˵λС㣬˵¶ʳιġλһʲĴҹ㣬ôЩоСʳȤǼ¿·ɣ
Ԫִ̧¼ȡʱֵȹӣҪ̸ЩȹκãǸɫȹӵŮ˾˵Ҫʲôǵɣܵ𣿡
ǣ죬ʲô죿
Ƿˣ߰ɣ·ˡɫȹӵŮԼŮ飬뿪·ꡣ
˾ôûˣԪڳ˹ס
ϵ·ˤϣʲô˲㲻һأҼ̳мҲҵĶ򲻵
ҡ
һɾװžӷ
ű˼ƿԾǰ˵үףҸո˵绰ǲùȥˡ
һ͡
͸ӶʵףүӷˣүӲ⣬ǺȥүӲϲ
ɫѿǡ
תΪʲô
֧֧ףҵλС㡭
λС㣿
Ŀϣ˵
ޡȻ򣬡Ǿүδޡ
˾үü꣬ȴûмүδޡ
һξүԼȥף̸׵飬ףҵСòڣҲûм
Ҳ⣿ۣҳӵݣ᳤̰ݣĸݲ⣿
ЩΪѵ˵Ҳû˵ﲻ⣬Ǿүδޣˡ
үˡ
ҲʵǲףףҵСʲôѽ
˵үףССʶ
һʵ˶ã
˵ˣףǱҲǸշֵġ֮ǰүδ˵Ҫȥɽׯס죬ףүӴӦˡүŰݷãףүӲȥɽׯӾүδޡ˵˵ɽׯʱ˾Ѿˡ
-

23½

ٹþǵĶ磬Ȼ˲࣬˲δ޲ڹ
Ƕôˣƨ
Ƕ覣ǾԲܷġ
˸ƽĶȥˣ
ףǱ˵үδɽׯϢ˵ȥһ˱ǵ̼ңҪǵȵȡϢٸǡӦò¡
˵꣬Ϳһס
һ㶣ףҲѾùȥ𣬾ү׸ʲô
үҪȥĶ
˵ǡ
Ҫȥһ㶣ȻүӦףүӻúö⻹û޽ңô
ףүǱ߼ȻȥǾҪȥ˵˼ˣϾԺҵˡףүǽλˮܲչ˺Ů
֪ĵһӦȥףңûˡǴӳ鵢ʮ죬ͼ¶ˡ
ǵүҲ֪˱ͺܲŻ£үҪȥδޣ˿¸ˣʱ˵
ˣһ飬ҲֵõӳܡǸŮҪǸң˵¶İȫѵáӦáģɵ֤𣿡
̼ܲҵˡһҲš
Ϊˣү˵δ޽ģ˭ûд˵ûеʲôˣ˶ϰɡ
һֻºӳҲ֪£м䵷鷳ȥˣû˸Ҷ
Ųһ٣ֻͷʵ£˭˵ģ
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˫ʮĶ϶·
СζݿӪҵһ죬ֵæ
ζĶӰ죬Ƕҷݷ˵ζһĶ¹ӳһ١
ĳûʧÿ˳˷ķ˴ĴָӪҵĵһ죬覾ӯ١
ĵ̴Լ˾ŵ͹ϢˣСζȴһֱӪҵʮһȺˡ
ûмƣĳ棬ȫˣһ԰ټʱˣʱҲûн췹ѽ
Цĺϲ£죬ȥǷݿɾҪˣ
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24²

һ죬Ҳ˰ɣ
࣬ϲķҸ˶ڳһҲ⡣˵ŰһʰˣŽϴĴ
覰һŰϴ£ԺһרŸˢ롣ȻǸæˡ
æ˵鷳ˣ˷ǮϴҲæù
㣬أҪѧһ£Ǹ˾ְȻǸģͲõϴ顣õĹǮһݣҲûݹǮ¡
ˢڵſڣˢ˼룬ŪֶϴྫݣԶڴ
˶ϡ٣·ҲǺһ򣬾ͻε۾ۡ
Ӿ覵ǰͣӳȺ˼ˣ覶һ˷ֱǴ񽿣Ԫ´үӡ
覴һߵˮͷϴϴ֣ǰΧȹָԺվʵôһˣ
Ԫ˵ô˿ĵ飬ˣ
ˣһĿԪϡ
ڿҵĵһˣȻ鷳
ǿѨ磬Ԫŵӣƺܿ϶Լ˿ĵ顣
ĵûҲ²顣˵ǿҵĵһ죬ǾĹϵǲףңҲ⣬ǲˣôе˵ȥɡ
˫ֻأָϵٷϻү˵ñһһǮھͰ˲óǶһˣʲôˡ
ֱͦ˵˿ԣǹƽǲǴ˵ˣǶöһԣԪ
Ԫʵǽˣʲôϵ
覵ͷԼǰһʯذ壬Ȼǲ²˵ģǲ֪ǲ²顣
үӶ´ʵأ
ҿ˵еȻҪ飬Ǿһ顣̼⼸ֵܽãͨͨһ㹫ƽ˺Ҳ²顣
񽿼޵Ŀ覣Ͳ顣ΣҪȰ覴Ӿϵ
˵´ֻ˵ˣԪò飬Եйˡ
ǵ¾״ԺԪȴ¶˵ǵɫ
Ǿǵ˼ȫһ顣
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25¾⻹

ĸŮڵĵЩţסʵ˭ΪʲôͻȻҪˣ
ȻˣҲ֪ҵĵһˣв磬Ҳʹġ
㣬ȰϴˣҽһЩӦĹ
ûмʲô棬覴⼸߽Աߵķ㷲ˢ룬Ҫͷһۡ
Ԫһ߽סС䣬ֵطȻҲסˣҲЩˡ
覿һۣ˵̴ǰҲũģ֪ܲܵˡ
ԪһͷԼԵĴ񽿣ɫҲࡣ
ЦЦӿڴͳԿףǸĳ룬ȡһ˲
˲ձó񽿾ѾȲİ˱覵ȥݸүӡ
쿴
үƳһۣǾһֱҪ覵ˣ͸Լɡ
ɫҪַ̼ˡ
֮ءȲķ˱ڵһϣ
Ҿ֪˼ˣǲΪǶ㻹ǵˣ
ݼĴ񽿣һʵ⣬˵ȻգҲƽ׸ԩ
ʮΣȴֻһٰʮ飬һβʮ飬ôܣղŵҲɼľģʵһûжʮ²ϲżʮ飬ô˵Σ
´覵۸ô£ǽͽ͡
覻ûü˵񽿾׵ýʲôһǮ˲ۣΪǲ鲻ͺҼˡڳļ˭ľˣʲôʲô۸һ۾ܿĳҪˮ㣬ܡ
˷ķ꣬Ҳǿһϡ񽿺ԼҪץľ覵
һ˵һλ覺ȻһЦ̣۹⣬أ̼ңһûйɣ
񽿵һ죬Ȼ޸ܶ꣬͸һЩÿ⣬ȷûܹʲô⡣
񽿸ҹû⣬ʲô£
ЦҪǹ⣬̼Ҳ֪жٺͿǮҪ˵Ŀڴ
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26ʲô

Ӳ˵Ϊңۣûҹϵ¡һֱûʩչӵĻᣬҲⳡϵۡ
ۣЦλۣǾˡ
ӳóһӣ߷˵ѰгϵɼľΣм۵ȷǶʮϡǴľĳƷгΣмĲж٣֪𣿡
̧ۿ컨壬м鶵תת˭֪
観۵֪ʶܾް
ľļﶼɼľ׵Σľʱ򣬼۸ʮ嵽ʮԪȣաδľﵽεмֵˣҪЩεﵽгϵټ𣬻еϰӯһгϣʮȷ²
覷ԼҪҵĶʡȥмתֹḶ́ľֱӽΣܺľùϵһʮǮļ۸֡
˵ŰϵСӾٵ´ǰа׵ָͷָָϵճһŶ˵վΪ֤
´ӹСӿ˿ְСӵݸүӣȷվݣӡӦġ
񽿱ı׺֤ѹƿԣæĿҪҳ⡣
˵һԺʯĥ̳ӣÿһվݻӡǾɻģվȥЩѯʡ
񽿵һղŴֿһ˱ϵĿܽᣬεһһ㣬Ŀϸ֦ĩ㲻ʲô
ǰǰ覿꣬Ż˲ʮǮ˱ϱʱ覶ϸϸ췹ݵôã覵Ӫҵһ١
񽿵ɫѿǧߥүӹ覵Сӵġ
ڲû覶ʸ񣬻үӿܾϸһ棬ⲻǰװ˼£
˵ʲôĿҪģʡ
´ЦûˣֶŮ˶ĺ
ֿ񽿣ֻ֪ʲôļ⣿
ɫ࣬˱覵ؿһ˦͵㵹ǻ⡣
覰㶼ǫ˵˭ӣܳԿ࣬ĽҲĽ
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27ҸղŶû

һֱһԲүڿ˵㾫
ʵǽǲҲȥԪˣ
ֺһֻ군ĸеͲ飬ԪӰбŲ±˲顣Ҳ㿴ҵԪӿҵڣ˶Ǯ
˭֪ڴ񽿸˵仰ԺŮȴһ̨
Ԫɫ˵ôˣҪȫ飬ҲүүʹˣҲ۵̫Ȳʣµٲ顣
һ㶣ձ覴ҪԪӵʱԪô˵飿
񽿿Ԫʵôʱӡ
Ԫһ񽿵ֱۣ˵裬ôүүˣȷǲ̫ãǻǵүү˰ɡ
񽿻˵ʲôһԼֱۣȻԪǲʲô⡣
覵鷳ʱԪҲû˵仰˵Ҫ˵ʱԪҲܲӡ
뵽æһЦү˵Ԫ˵ҲԡүӱϾʹˣȷүۡȻȥϢɣʣµٲ飬˱Ҳܲˡ
üߣ᲻صʵ̣Ǹòɡ
Ѫˣָ覵ıΪ㶮ϰϣүһͣôҹ
覺ķȰһ͵үү˵ģ֮ǰԼ˭ϰףѵû
ĸŮҵĵһҲ磬ָԺ˵ɲǺ۸ˡ
񽿿覲˵ŤͷˣһԼеӣҺ˵ͨ
үڿڵˣһˣֹûУ˵Ҫǣ²Ҳǣ
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үӲͷĴϣˣһҲˣʣµĵ̣Ͱǵ˼ٲ顣
ү˵꣬ת߳˷䡣´Ҳȥ
ԪȻһͷ޺޵Ŀһۡ
ſȺ˳ϳʱ覺Ȼ߰ۡԺǵǧȾָ⣬Ȼ˵Ȿء
һѻԺҲˡԽôԽ衣
үǰԴһû뵽覲̧ôסүԺôôԪ
һȺԺ̴ˢվץס覵ʵǶ˭
覿ʧڵβƣ˵ԺʶģҲ飬Ժ󻹶ء
˵꣬覺ȻһЦԪżġ׽ҪⱨӦġ
Ϊ֪Ԫ˼ǮȻץߡͿԪôԲԼĻѡ
˵ʲôԭЦЦ֮ûҾͷˡ
񽿻صԺ󣬰ϵİɳһŭղΪʲôүӲˣ֪֪ղжûӣ
ѵҼ̳мҲҪԪĹĵ˵һȥ¥ײɽ
񽿵һŵүӵ˽˻棬᲻ỳȥǮ¥˷㵱ʱô˵ģ
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ǲ㻹ʲô
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һµԣʱļ٣ô죿㲻Сģôײɽأ
Ԫ˵ôܹңЩǮûиǮҲŲᵽ¥ȥԷ
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񽿱Ԫ˵ϻڴֵԪ¡
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28Ԫ

Ǵ񽿺ԪԹһ£ôһ£һϣ˭û˯á
覽˸磬СζԺ𱬣ҪæС
Ժ߽˵Ķ˵С覣֮ǰֵЩˣ󲿷ֶѾðˣٹãͿժ˳ˡ
覸˵ȥԺӺĵ￴һȦٺںϣѾ硣̴̵ģ
ȵЩ˳ɣͿˡԺٷּ²ͬĲˣڿϵĿϣʡһʡ
ٿΪҪһɴⲻסҲүүǵһ顣
ֻܿԴڸʡĵطʡһЩǮҲΪԺļƻ·
ֻƾһССķݵ룬ҪԪؽǿõضεķװ껹ЩѶȡ
Ͼ⸽˶СϰգˮƽͰķȻãҲֻΪñ߶ѡ
ϲСζԷΪķ˺óԣΪķݷ˼۸͡
︽ԶĵطǿкܶũĹǸ򹤣סβ¥ЩڸĹˣûзˣҲ
ֻ뾭Ӫһ꣬ҿСԪһʼѾˣԶĿǡ
̼ҡ
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үӴ´Ͻӹ˱һˤϣƿڴǴĺŮ̼ҵġ
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ȻǣҴû˽¸ԪһǮ
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үӺɸֵĿ˵ҪԪԺúȺãǾͰһӰɣǻܰԪ꣡ҴǰЩҲԺҲһϵûУ
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ԪǵᶼԴ񽿺裬үүͰ
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񽿵תһꤣǵСȥ¥ķˡҴ´¥ԲСȥԲˣķĺòáСǮı𣬲öãҲŰԼǮС
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үӸͲڣ¥ǰȥĻ𣿻ҪȥԲˣ
˵֣Ǵ¥һ³ӣķζͬˡ
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үӵԼףɫѿɳϣ߬ȭͷָ׶ٽ
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ʼû˳һ
֣͸ԪһλɣСһ֪㷸ˡ͸̧֣һΣ𣿡
ԪҲүǰүүԺҲһһǮˣүүٸһλɡԪġ
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29ϲĶ

үӿĻڹԪֿһߵ
ô˵ⶼųĺӡ
²Ϊ
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֮ǰԪȥʱ򣬻μӹһҰᡣԪ˵Ϻ˵ء
˵ǸòӢºû⣬ʵһˡ
Ƕʮ˻ûнһúܶ˸о֣ҲòǮ˼ҵС㶼ԪҲ⡣
Ԫմӽʱ򣬼ÿ춼ҪһȻҲϣԼŮܼ޽ңǿǱ̼Ҹ߳ٵŵڰ
ܹҽףԺӣ벻ж
үʵĸС㣿
Ӷ˿յû˵
ȻԪ
ԪԼߣҫƵĶԴ˵Ԫڽ˵أ̼ҳ˭ʶΪԲ˱ǣԪΪ̼أ
ԪļһҲȴǳڽҵϼԺѾԺ
δһˣӢڣʣһһ޲
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ϲĶװĻͦ񡣾ȻƵԼŮϣ
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30һ

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31Ҫһ

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ԲڱǰΣҪչֳԼõһ档
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ʵܵʲô
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Ĵһ˲
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32µ

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33ѩ

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лл硣
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34ڿ

뿪ݣԾЩţû˵覾뿪顣
ڳʵүľô𣿡
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һ̼ңղŵһСѾ뿪ˣһΣ̼ҴֻүӺ´ˡ
үƺѾԤϵȥԼ̶һı̻Ҹá
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Ե˵ҪߵʱүȻԾȴġ
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35벻һʣ

뿪Ժǰһæŷݵ顣
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覵ͷ˼

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36¾ͻǰ

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Ԫ˵ĵַǴʱȤʱ˴롣
˵ǸطҲк⣿ҿɼǵסĴ඼ǸɿˡԪǺôҲһģ㲻ôˣҰɡ
Ԫ˵˭˵ˣˣˣ۾ɲֻؽĵطЩط̫⣬ǽȴǡǡ෴
ͷˣԪҲңǰҲŸȥ￴һȦǶסĶһЩʡ򹤵ˣмǮ׬
ǰԪŴʱ˵Ĺϵ
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û뵽ԪȻϲ˵󻰣
Ԫһͷ飬ղŵĺԺʱûˡ
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üͷһ壺Ԫô˵ɾͲˡҪ˵ôãԼôȥѽ
ûаԪҪȥ￪Ԫô˵ɣ
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Ԫֻ߹һˣҪǾòףаҽܸҸ㣬ǮĿɲֻһ
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37Ҳǰɣ

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38·ǰ£Ȼ

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39Ҹ磬

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-

40ɫѡ

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41ĸ

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42ج

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Ů޸һ˶ԼŮҲ޸һˡ
¶ûӣˡ
ϵСյһ
ף˵أԴһ¡¶Ժ󣬾ͺݺݵؿһһ죬޵ֱΪֹΪʲôޣ˵
һͣЩɣףף̣
ףͷҪȥɽׯסһʱ䣬ҴӦˡٺܵ˱ǡһԼĴ㡣
¶Ҫģ⹫ģ
ı
ȷԼ뷨
¶һʲôˡ
ҹ
æһϴ˴ϡ
ʱæˣͷ˯
֮ϴϴԺһҲûиǺã˯ˡ
ѱӸǺãٻɫĵƹ⣬һЩƵ鿪ʼһһֵ
ʶֻ֣СѧͻؼҰæũˡ
˷Ժȴ֣Ů˶ʶ֣ǳԲ˿ġ
˵Ķԣһÿգܻѧһѧ
ѧֵʱڴϵüͷ
⡣
ĵĿ⡣

Ũķҷ
һ紵ҡһصѩס
߲ҶӼ䴩ǵڵϡ
ڼſټĻϣ˫ȵġ
һɫСȹӣȹϵķɫ΢Ĵɡ
졭
ĺȰ
Ϊʲôκ
Ҫ˵ѽ
Ϊʲô
-

43δ

覵һ˫ֽľϵıӣһجΡ
һθˣŵĴϾɵ˳
ƾɵķҡз̶֨ѽǰѾЩײľ
ļңǰļҡ
Ǹ˭
ĵһڸܣܾôߡ
ҪǸ˵ӣǻ֦Ӱȴס˵Ӱ
Ҫס
ƾôﶼŮ˫Ĵ˻֦ҡһصĻ
˵ӰԽԽģŮǰһ㣬ӻˤȥ

覾һ͵˫ۣӴ
ͷҲһعͷʵôˣجˣ
ؿԼϸŵıӣִ͵Ťͷһۡ
ٻɫĵƹ⣬խС
ͷûдҫĿ⣬ҲûŻĻ㡣
еĿ⣬͵³һҵĴ
һζѡ
覵ۿ΢죬סԼؿڣܲ˵ģص˺ü¡
ֻһζѣΪʲôôѹ֣ôء
Ǹ˾˭
˭
æ߹ȥס֣覣ôˣʲô˵ѽԼѽ
ҡҡͷͷϥû£Ҿʱˣ˸Σؿڶµûţһͺˡ
ǵĿ覡
ȻǸˣҲ֪û˵ô򵥡
覣¶ĺܺãҲذ¶
㶣̧ͷ˵İɣû¡
ͷʲôԸ˵һȻûãҲѧ֣ҿ԰㱣ܣԲҵĶ߱ˡ
˵á
Ťͷһϵ飬ʵô˻ѧ
˵СʱûʲôлᣬңҵȻץʱϼ֡
˵Ҷһ˹æԺǾͲôæˣʱҲͶˣԶѧһˡ
Цŵͷţ
覿ǸܲˣڷϽ
ץסѧϰĻᣬпʱ䡣
ǰǼ޸һƹϼѧ飬ôڹһ
ӵкԼһܹͬĽӵͬԴıԼ
ҲΪŸһõúõ
ڶһ磬覾ëдһйֽ˷⣬Ȼȥһг
ݵҪſʼæϴһЩϴ֮׼ЩܹæĹ
ǲ֪ܲеˡ
гϹ˺ܾãúõĴһ¼۸
ţķԱߣӦþͻоˡҪӮķݣֻܴ֡
һǷ˵ļ۸
Ƿ˵ζ
˵ζǲģƳֻҪϴҲˣգȫܹס˵θ
ĵǣǷ˵ļ۸һ㡣
ȣ˲ȥ̫ԶĵطԷ
ԷҪĿ˺Դڴһ顣
һ͵ƽסĴ඼Ǵ򹤵ˣûжǮֱӾͨˮƽ
Է˵ļ۸ĸˣôݵҲˡ
Ҫ÷˸ƽֻۣܴԭ֣ѹԭϵļ۸ԭϵļ۸ԽͣмõŻԽࡣ
Σһ˾֣ԷΪ£ˣȻҲѹͷ˵ļ۸񣬺ǽо
ͨľûʲôµǶ⾺޵ѹͷ˼۸ɱһǧ˰ٵķǿǵķݹš
ƽʱ覵ȻֶΣԺͶԷĺġΪַֻܳһʱܾá
ڲС
ڽ̼ҵĿˣֻʱ䣬ʽޡ
ľֶԱ̫ϤԼҵ顣Զԣÿһÿһ붼ʽһԲܳ
ƫƫıȴ١
ķݿԺ󣬻ûнȫջ
ԷôУͲþúģֻҪӴһ㣬ʽһ㣬óٿǮ棬ֱӾܰ
δѣȴг״
ʱԷУҲȫľ棬Ҳб½С
観ŵ磬г˺ܾã깵ĵطȥˣֱʮһŻطݡ
ȥ·ϣ˳˺ЩͲ˴ȥ
ӣʮ
һֱĸôʮصĶҲʱ۾ֱˡ
-

44˭ȥ˭

ƣټĲãһʿһŮˣҪı
Χ覣覶ҳӴĸǸɣ
ĶŲ죬Ҳؾͻ˷ݡ
һţ߹סϵĶãá
Ѷᵽ˳
ŤͷͿһվŮˡ
ŮˣһʮˣЩ˵Ľ׳Уͷһ˿ں档һʮͷӣһСƽģʮֵ鶯
ɻԷģ
Ӻ߳ǣӦƸġ
һ˵ӦƸͦģҾõģǲ֪ѡ˭ã
ʵѡ˵ʲô
ǸʹЩģһܸɻȻǸԿ೤ŮˡǸСģúÿʶ֣ҾҲܲ
ЦЦͷǱߵ˵ܽԼɡ
Ҳ˵֮ǰ˵ϰ塣
˶ȵĿ覡
ǿйϢһԣܱܲѡϡϰ岻ڣҪϰܾǾһֱȵڡ
û뵽Ǹϰ壬ȻǰͱǻҪСС˲òࡣ
ǸʮŮ˳һҪ˵һԶʮŮ˱˵ҽл飬ҪҷݹԼ˵ˣҾ͹ˡ
ɤһϴЦݣһСɾ
覵ͷʵɹϴ˲һĻ𣿡
ôһʣĵʱһڣڼɹҾô򵥵飬һѲҡ
˵ϴϴ˺۵ģϵõ˾ŵԺ°࣬ܳԵֿ𣿡
æ˵ԵģҾܺõģ
˵ͣҲ˼꣬飬Ҳһ
ʵܸɶã
ԥһ£˵٣ܣܸɰꡣ
νİ꣬ʵǻϹ˵ġ
˵ģ˵ԼǰڱǷˣˡ
ҵԺȻﵱϴ빤
Ϊ飬ͼַˡ
ںҪһܹԼĹ˵﹤ܷĿǰĵط
ɲὫʵôǰϰ壬Ҫϰ֪ɲãֱӾͲҪô죿
ۿ˿飬ꣿ
ͷԡңһʶ֣һ԰æ˵ˡҪɻ֮飬ҲԵġ
鼫ԼԺ΢Цŵ˵ͷ
״һֱŵ
ϰȻЦˣ˵ûʲôˣϰӦûͦġ
ŤͷǸʹһЩŮʵأ
ҽвƼǰס塣ǰıǡǰʱҶɽˤˣΪǼҰлˣݽ˺ܶǮǵǮծҾҵòá
飬ƼɤʮִƣһҲͻŰװ۵Сֲܴͬڣвơ
кụ̈ŶǸɻʱСŪ˵ġ
˵ֻһˣԼλñɵǰıǣôɽˤˣѵûһ𣿡
ɲĲƼļôԼҪˣпղıˣ
֮Ҫģݹ
ƼҡͷҶǸѧɽ֪ʲôʱСˤġ
Ӳˣ͵ѧڽдֶģһǵһ˵ѧҪɽġӣûǲǴѧҲҪһϹƭˡ
ƼƵļˣ첱Ӵֵ˵˵ĶģôͲأ
ˣ覴ǣʵϴһĻɹ𣿡
Ƽͷ˵ɣɹǰǵʱһҷ˼¡
˼ĵ˵ͷ
ƼһܹԿ࣬ӵˤˣҲһܸɵĳá⵹Ƕˡ
ʵʶ𣿡
ƼεҡͷʶСʱûϹѧ
ǡ
ͷܸɵʲô飬ʶֵ˸ơ
һϣƼɱȲ
Сʱ飡
-

45

覵Ŀ֮ǻǻȥ
Ƽͻĵ׶ŵĺܡ
覵ͷ˼Ƭ̺˵Ҹһµʱ䣬һ˭ãһԺҾͰ˭
˶һ㶣ʱ侹ȻҪһôã
Щɵ˵һ¾Ͱ׸ѽ
ʱҪûѡϣǰװһ£
˵һµĹʮ壬ԺһµĹʮˡǸ˰²ˣҲᰴǣô𣿡
Ҳ˵㵽ʱûѡϣһ£Ҳǰ׸ɡ
ɻ󣬲ƼҲͬУֻ֮ǰ˵˶ѡ
ôһ˵Ƽͷˡ
ļĺҪǮ
˵Ҫ׸һ£ĺĲ
ҪǰˣСϰ尴ѹʽѾǶǺܲˡ
еϰ壬Ǹɴ಻Ṥء
૵һΪĹʶܸء
Ϊ˴ǮһôҲʮأ
ƼɹһĻȴ֪ϴϴ룬˶˲̣ʮһµĹʣѾǲˣο⻹ֻá
ǰǼҷ꣬һ࣬ʲֻʮǮ
Ƽ˻һΣ̧˵ҸɣҸɣ
鿴˲ƼһۣŮô
ǣ覿ͲһҲ̫⣬˵ӻĥһĥǰСϰ壬˵ͻǸߵĹأ
ڵãƼһڴӦˣôҪߵĹʣ
˿ڣСϰ˵ͲҪˡ
ûҪ๤ʵĻᣬֲôʧȥһݹֻƲƲҲɡ
覴ӻı￴ֲȴûеơ
˵һʮ壬ǰ֮ĶˣǮҲҪӹۡ
һ㶣ҪǮ
ЦȻҪȻֱŵˣˤʮӣˤʮӣⷹҲͲÿˣרӸˤͺˡ
ҪûȽ׼򶨺ãǵʱģӵ˭ģ
ıô㣬ܲȫˤӸˤɾɡ
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뿪ʵ覣ΪʲôҪ˶
Цֻ濴ʱ̬ȣ֪˭ð
㶣һΪƾԼĸоء
˵ȻҵĵһоȽ׼һ㲻о¡ƾŵһоͰǾͿܻԸɻˡңҺϲ֤ԼоǸ̡
ĸоǶԵģôԼۿҲرгɾ͸С
ĵһо˭ð
˵Ƽ
㶣ΪʲôƯʶ֣ҾûҲܲ
ʵйΪǸ
˵ϴ롣
ô˭ɹϴĻ
Ƽ
ʵϴҪʶ𣿡
ҡҡͷ
Ưϴĸɾ𣿡
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̯֡
ѾԶ׼ˡ
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ѡ˲Ҫ̫฽ӵĶֻҪûйҪһʾС
Ҫһϴ빤ƼҪô򵥡
ֲˣȻѾ˭ˣΪʲôҪѻҲⲻƽ˷Ǯô
˵ƼȻܸɵıȻãǻ֪ԸԸɻԸȥ¡ȻһʼɵĲãԺˣŬҲ˵׼
ûƾŵһоѡˣǹĻᡣ
ƼɹƵĻֻӮ˿ͷ
úøɣټʶһ㣬µĿԣʵҲС
£Ǻܹƽġ
ôһ㲦Լǳ
覶̫ˣ
Ծ飬ôһʱˡ
ֵһһ²ףÿ綼æղſֱӽϹæѽΪʲôǵڶҲУ
-

46Сϰ壬

ζЦΪӽ翪ʼǵĿ죬ҲͿʼѽ
Ȼ߻ͲƼ˵ջϹԣǸҪõݹˣһϵ
һֱ׵Ҫ󣬸Ҫæ
ҪƾԼԾ£
ԾϹҲѡ˼Ҫһ㡣
ЩϢͿʼˡ
ֻԾˣŻľȻ
ֻǴһݹʵκ飬ֻҪ󣬾ͱȸ
æµʱǹúܿ졣
磬ߡ
ʰϵӣŽϴĴһ̧ͷͿ˲Ƽһ·С˹
ƼװĴ裬ߣ˵Сϰ壬ˡ
̧ͷ˹ǽϵӱһۣʮʮ֡
뿪ݵʱ򣬲ʮһ롣
⽫һСʱʱȥƼҪʱ䣬һæ飬˷ݡ
⡣
ЦЦ˵ýСϰ壬ֱŤġһ覰ɡ
áƼߵ˵ϴ
Ҳѣתȥкˡ
йˣΪϴɻġ
ȵһˣʰɾѾһ࣬ˡ
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лӺ
ͷϴĲƼʵһ
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С
ߵƼʵ̰̣ԹûԵĻһ԰ɣ
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覷֣Ƽ̫˵
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Աʲô
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ܱ˵ʲôǻϰԵ¶һЦݡ
˵ͺá
ߵ˻ͷϴĲƼߣѲƼƿռ˲Ƽλã˵Ӹղһˣʣµ͸ϴɣ
Ƽ˫ϲݣ㶵ĿŻ顣
ĬһضʲôҲû˵ֻǾմһߡ
ζЦЦͷ˵㣬ȥԺ֮ǰֵĲ˰ɡ
ͷϡ
ݺаĶأ֮ǰ覿˳˲ٲˡ
ֵĺãһʱ䣬ٲ˶ˡ
ЩÿģͺñȶǣѾժˡ
ĶؿֲٲˣԺ󷹹ҪһĲˣԴӲ˵ֲɣȥгˡҲʡ²Ǯ
ﾡ
ĶطŲãҲ˷ѡ
һ߽˵
Ҳһӣȥ˵һΪ첻أû뵽µˡ
̧ժһ˵ǲµҲ֪һҿԿ϶
覻ͷ˵һǼҴҵĸϹġ
-

47˭ˤģ

ͷһۣû˴ӷǽžȵĿʵô֪ģѵ£
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覷˷ï̶ܵҶժ󶹽ǡ
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ͷգȰ
ʣ𣿡
ĨһԼĶͷЩʪ
ղû֣ĶͷѾһ㱡
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覵˵ͷǺܴģһͨ
Լǰժǵ覣еĳݸ
ղŻ覵˵ϵӣһ㶼ûɣôܻ۲쵽ôϸ΢Ķ
Ҳǣ㣬ֲʲô˵飬ʲôҪƭˣ
ǸС￴Ҳôſھǻѻأ
ֿվǰ覡
ӵҲȴʲô鶼ס
ԽԽӡ
һŶ˵Ѿ֪࣬Ϊʲôư˵ѵˣǲ
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ڱǣİˡ
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覴ӦˣէȻ¶Цݣߡ
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һһ䣺أ˭ˤģ
-

48Լ

覴ŵϵӡ
ͺ˵ˣˤҪ۹Ǯġ
ˤһ
ѻ˵ǰͷˤҪ۹Ǯ飬Ҫ˵Լ١
鿴΢Цӣתת
ʱ˵һʱġ
覸ˣ춼ϹţЪһһ죬ɴˡ
ֵĲƼϹԼȥĻ覻Ծʹ극Ժĵһۡ
ѾˣƼûͻȥڼúϢһ졣
ƼˣʱҲƲƼʱ붼ϴˣҲøɶٻֻҪ˵Լµ˾С
ٸɻֿ覿ڷܣѽ
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ϣҲĻ
ǻиƶһ£Сϰ棬ҲúŪһ֪ѧⲻã
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Ƽæģˤģղš
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鿴ʾãʵʵƼˤ¡
Ƽ˻ͼģ۲˳ˡ
ôƯôƫƫѧãѧ˼أ
ΪõݹŹѴƵϰ
鿴ƼӣӻϽ͵һӵô˵أҶӦһǮˣô֪ôأ
Ƽ˵ֻܲϵظһ仰Ӿˤģ
ִݣͷҪˡ
覼״ڵˣˣ
أҲ󣬲ǸպƼͻĶ
һ仰ȴһĪУͬʱ졣
ת覣ͷ
覴˵˫һۡ
ʪવģմһЩϴĭĭǲƼȴǸɵġ
򴽣һ
Ϲĵһ죬Ǿ͸֣ʱ򣬻кܶʱҪˤһӣҲҪǰˤһӲǶ飬𣿡
˶ͷ
ƼҪͣǻղ˵ôһȴ֪￪ʼͺá
覼˵ЩҲǿ͸ֻǲƶѣĲǲɻˣǲʵڵˡˤӵǸˣԼͺáһΣͲõýˣ˰ɡ
ΪֻΪᣬ뿪ңе˶еëɢԲŻʱ򣬻ѳԼ£Լʱġ
ڻ龹ȻݲƼˤӡ
鶼ɵĳԼûûʵڡ
϶˶ģԽԼֵµż͵ܽԼ˲ʵڡ
ڲƼҲûжƫ̻˼ֻǾûе㰮ˣСˣȴԻʧ
Ȼûе˭ˤӣѾʾ㹻
һ㶣͵̧ͷ覣ȴҲڿ
һæͷܿ覵Ŀ⡣
޹һͨͨ
ѵˤˣǴ￴ģ
⣬ⲻӦð
覵飬ȴһʲô׵ӡ
ôһۣٶС˿̶֪ôʹˡ
Ƽ̧ۿ˿覡
Сϰ֪˭ˤ
˵ֻڻǣ
һȳš
λε̫濾ŵذ壬վڷ·Ĳ
覿ڵˣˣҿҲϴˣǶȥϢɣٹʱпԷˡ
˻࿴һۣͷ߳˷ݡ
ߵſڿ뿪
̫۵ĺܣһƬҫۺ֮䣬覿˽ֵͷվıֱġ

磡
-

49

̫ܴȴЩֱӳ˹ȥ
ֻһܹȥʱ򣬼ܴһ硣
ȻһͷĻֽһ磡
ĶˣǸֵıһŮҪȴ覣ȻҲü򵥵һ档
һ棬ֻǰչ¶
ײҡҡ̧һֻ첲覵ͷϣΪס۵⡣
סͷϵ⣬һ˫۾ȴʼġ
Դһۡ

ԭ첻ڣȥӸˡ
ʵôˣ
ı΢ˡ
ԴӺף̸Ժĵ׾һֱܲκ˶覻ȫǰ顣
ĲУĵѸٷ͡
ʱƣҲԽԽء
ڽ鶼ѾˣԷĵˡǾҪŪ˶١
¶ߣֹȫأ
ЦȣȻط˵ɡ
ͷߡ
߳ĲԶĻжͻȻֵ˳˺棬ԲƼʵǸʶ𣿡
ƼлŻԩԼ飬ûôʶ
ͬһϹģˣҲֻʶ覶ѡ
ɨ˲ƼһۣһҲҲʶǸһͲһ㣬ɲлʶġ
ղִֿһۣ˳Ӣ
ǵһμôӢˣ
һ覰˴ˣ˺˿ռ䡣
Ҳڷûнȥ
˼СڻҪء
ڷ̧ͷ˵¶Ҷˡ
һ㶣̧ͷһ۹ǽϵӱѾˣôûԷ
Խһ·Ϲ㣬ʱûԡ
˵Եģ
ס˵ġ
ףүү˵ѧԺûг¶ա
Уһ
ſڵһü
·ڻվү˷ǾүԼ˵Եģԭһ֣
ǰΪүֻó⣬ԭүںŮⷽ棬ҲͰ
ת˺һ㶣㲻ǸС˵𣿡
С磿ʵ˵ˣҸŪԵġ
Щͺˡ
æסá˵ģҵԡ
˵ĻһȻҪģһá
嵰桭
Щ
һһڵļͱ˳ƬҶƯϣ̴̵ġ
ӳ˳Ҳˬ
΢΢һЦ¶൱á
ͷ棬覺Ȼʲôߵ⣬˵Ҳû԰ɣ˺ܶ࣬ﻹ棬Ҳһ԰ɡ
˵ŶãǳԹˡ
Ŀһ٣˶䡣
ǳԹˣһ㶣ƽʱûԣôԹأ
ʵĶԵģ
˵վġֵǳԵġ
ײһ¡
үոջ˵ԼûԷô˵¶ڶˡ
ֱ̫ˡ
Ƕôһﰡ£ôܿͷ
ת߻ǰ£˫֧°ͣһ˫۾ؿ
Ϊʲôƭңǰƭҵġ
Ȼ˵ʣȴ
һ˿ӡ
ûƭ㣬ûԷ
Ҳͷ֤ǣǶڻվˣǾүûԡ
һ㶣Ϊʲô
˵վЩʳġ
һ㶣˵ҲȳԵĵӰʲôʱֻҪˣҶԡ
һ㶣ǻΪСΪүƭû뵽ƢȻôá
ʵʲôʱ򶼿ԣݵæʱأʱ¶ڲһӰɡ
ȴ°ͰֻҪԸʲôʱ򶼸λáҲȥλá
ǸԺҪأ
һ㶣
ôأ
ڽҪôʱ䣬ڱǺͽ֮ܰ
СӵԺڱ⡣
-

50ұ

ܿ콫һ꣬ȴ˵ڱԺ󣬾Ҳû˵һ֡
ĩˣʵǣ㲻ˣ
ҡҡͷڱ⣬Ժܾˣĵ׵Ȼˡֻһ벻ͨ
˵벻ͨΪʲôͻȻҪ⣿
ĵ˵ǵⳡǸǮĺõط
ڡ
覺ش
һ㶡
覸Լһˮݸ
ˮĻ˻Σڵ鼸졣
˵ֳ滰˵ˣΪܹƭ𣿾ƭ˱ˣҲƭҡŸջұ˽ңҵ﷢չãҲ
ĽüһأɵĿ
¶ղ˵ʲôԼϤҵ⣿
覼˵ڽ͵Ҿ𣬼漰Ǯ⡣˵ĳʲôط˶ĶЩʲôʲôطһӣ𣿡
ŵƵζ
˫ֻأαϣζĿ
˵˵
ԶĲ˵˵İɡǰطһʯ峧ڰɽϣûã˸賧˵Ķ𣿡
Ц⣬ͷһۡ
˵ͷЩϢǲǰŸүġ
˵ЩʱǶһ
˵֪Ұ⣬˵˵֪ʲô
һ֪ӣ賧ǰ˺ӳ£Ǹʯ峧ǰ˺ӳĶ¡⣬ӣԼǮİģҵ˻֪
˵ӰʱҲ֪飬Լҵָơ
ŵĿôһ˲䣬ҪΪС㲻ףҳ󣬶ҳˡ
Сôҵô
ǻΪСһŹأû뵽ô࣡
ʵ̫ˣ
УС˽ô飬ʲô
ЦЦӳ죿һΪ̡
ȻŮڸСʱ磬ҲûбˣΪʲôҪ̡
ֱԣõı﷽ʽ
ףԺ覾ͱףӻȥһˡ
ңʱһҲ˴½ӻȥһ˵ķӣڽ
պ⹫ףҵʱΪ˺ܾãһһطһն˵
ҵΪϵ飬ⱼҹ˲Żؼҡͻʱܵף
ǶʱǱ˴Ψһ顣
ջҵǶʱ䣬ϳˡ
֣ô˵ģҲֻ˵Լˤġʱ򻹳Цɵ·߲á
ֻǿЦ
ֱһž˾¸ܵȥײ˺ӳڼץסͷǽң֪ҵˣԭô
ӳʱĵ׸ԼӳǸӡ
ƾʲô磿
ˣû˭Ҳ۸硣
ʱƿ˺ӳ죬ܡ˸ͷϵˣ޵ñ˭۵һ
Ǹȴ̯ģһſҪץ˵ǡ
˵˵ϲģˡ
ǻûԵأľѾˡ
ҲΪӳŻ뿪ңºƴ
ӳǸŮһҲӳ졣
ԺӳᣬҲڸ硣
Ϊӳ죬Ż뿪ôꡣŻʧȥġ衣
һûĺӡ
ҲΪˣ͸ŻϧԷѶԷΨһ
кӳֶˣҪԼĵ׵뷨УһкӳŮˣŮˡ
ʵΪʲô˽ôҵ飿
˵סҡ
ǰһҲסĶ
ҵĶͲںӳЩ޳ܵشȥġڸ֮ǰúõסҡ
Դʮ꿪ʼž˾ѧԺ󣬾ͬʱ˶ҵһһ
ʱ䣬ȫо̸ڵ⡣
һжΪΪ˵

뿪Ϊ˳ΪǿԼȻ
ΪԼġ
ޡ
뿪ҵʱʮ꣬ʱǸһ޳δѵ꣬ذשû
ʱԼɳ
-

51²ף

꣬ζʲôأ
ζŴǰΧǽŹ򵽲ʡµ꣬񵯵ָͿԴ޶·ԡ
ζŴǰ̳ϱƭѩй˵ëͷСӣžǰ¡
ζŴǰұ˿ż꣬ûǰһ
꣬ڳһˡ
һˡ
˭뵽ɵѾͷȴԼڵʱĵأɫذԼҡ
ڵʱ棬һһ硣
ڵʱҵÿһˣԭҪ顣
Ҳû˱ֿΪԼˡ
˹
˭أ
˵ҷҵĵط֪ԼҲɣȻˣȻҪӹҵ⣬ҵĳӴ󲿷ֶڽҵȻҲڽá
˵Ÿսҵⲻðɣ
Ȼҿ϶˲˵ûֳʲôӡʱڱǣǿ϶ܼʱЩ⡣
˵ҵ⣬ڽѾ˿ˣʲô⣬˵绹Լ⡣
һ˵ԼҲڱǷңڱûиһҲ㡣
˽⣬ŵ˵һ붼̼ҵ¡
ڽûʲô˸һ̼ڱҲһҶ
Ȼһ̼ҳԵĺúõģȻԸʲôǷһ
ԼռĶΪʲôҪָˣ
ҪԼⳡֻҴѵǮȥ
ǮҪأҪϵ
򣬾ֻܴӬͷС⿪ʼ𣬿̫ķʱˣһͷСˣм갡
ѾǸвҵˣûҪ顣
֮ⳡתǣȻǱ״
ϣȴ˫ֻؿʵ¶ǲ̫СˣȻ˵Ҫ򿪱ǵⳡһı¡
覾˫˵ãҲⲻɡиҪҪȥڸӦңѽãûرĶȻ󡭡
ľαƿʱ̶Ħ覵Ȼֹס
عͷһۣѸٰͷŤ˻ȥֹҲҪͷȥ˵⡣
үδ̸˵أܿܿ
գ۾ϵ˫ۣŨܵĳ
һʳָ̧°ͣδ˲ߢĺ촽ϴĴޱȡ
ף
һж̫ͻȻµÿһ񾭶ղž˫֣ԭƽӲ
ĴһƬհף֪ʲôķӦ
ۣ۲ӣ¶Ц⡣
Ȼ΢΢ſ죬һӣ
Ĵ̼ȻعȻһѽƿ͵شվ
ղŽӲֻס촽һŵĿһֻոձŵСãʧ˲ݴ
ôˣȻ
ôأ
覵ƬϼʧĿ
ǿԴδйľٶȣֱ
ϣϲϲʱڻΪ飬ϵ޿
Ǹղһ£֮ĹϵǿʼͱĲһˡ
˵ﲻֻͬǾʲôĵףĵѿյ۲ݣ֦ͷĻ
͵ϮɹһվǰǺЦĿ
覣㡭
˫ֲڴü
ĶǰǾԲġ
ʱ䣬о̵Ļš
䴫һЦ
ڱǰװһӣϣԾֻһʲôĻëѾͷ
һ£ŵøֻһ޲ðѲӶصȥ
ã覲֯һľӣ㣬Ϊʲôң
ϲˡ
һ㶡
ϲ
ҲϲʹûҪ
ò˵ʵף
Ȼܣ׵𣿣
覸Ҫڣ˵ǵѾˣһôˣǽԺ󣬻Ҫһ˯ء
һ˫۾ʱԲԲģȻڹ컯֮£ˣå
-

52Ҫһ

覶ţúõ˵أô۸ˣҲ˵ˣ
ǸӦԴ񽿲£ڷ׺£û¶ֵӵСŮˣȴǰˡ
ȴϲɬģƹӣߵǰʵ۸ˣţ
Ȼǲͬ͵
飬Ҫô˵ڡ
覿߽ԼȻתһֻһؽ˷ݺСһع˷š
Ϸŵǰһ˲·ﴫĵ͵͵Ц
ں覹ŵĴ󶯾߳˿һ˫ɫ۾ĵ׾ͷ
ޱĿ£
ûû¡
Ǹղ˵Ǿ仰ʵİɣ
ź΢΢°ͣ͹ԹԵ˺
һֱӺˣϾʲôʲô¡硯ɱ˰
˵ʵӦ˵ǿ¡
Ǹˣ˭Ҵﰡ
סԼͨͨ࣬غͷ̽һ£Լˡ
ͻȻðߵǰ̧¡
Ͼɵİľţ°ľͷϰǶǲ
һ鲼⡣
ܴǿ鲼Ͽ覵Ρ
ź󣬲ҼҲܸŲ²ڵӡ
˫һϣüͷϸϸһŰССƻ˫ۻ᲻ĴȴӲһ
ź覣Ҳȷİ㲻ͬĶ
㲻Ҫ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ûлӦ
Թ˵ΪҪһ𡣡
ͷţϸ˵ÿһ֡
ǷֿĹˡҲֿԺÿһ죬綼ϣԿ㡣㲻Ըؽûϵ㣬ֱԸ͸ؽΪֹ
ִ̧ڲǸӰϣỺغͷ
ĻĬĬصͷ
ǰǶ׵ģʱæļҪ顣
Ȼӹҵ⣬ʱȢһϱæܼˡ
ʱȴǰһվߣΪӽܵⶼʲô£
뿪Ժҵ⣬Ϊ˰硣ȴǸϸȵˡ
⣬ߵߣϵı
үʱˣˡ
Ĭĵ˵ͷȻ˵ָ
ȥ
ͷ¶绹е£㡣
˻ûлӦ˴ת߳˷ݡ
ڷſڣֿһۣļ
үġ
ǵ¶
ͷת뿪
覣ֻǲŸյǣסûакܶҪ
ȷԺߵǰ÷š
覣û°ɣ
覴򿪷˳û¡
һû¾ͺãôãһΪˡ
㡣覺Ȼ̧ͷʵǰ׹𣿡

Ȼ͵Ťͷ⿴ȥ
Ѿ뿪ˡ
ѵղš
ûУ覺Ȼʲôûз㲻Ҫ룡
˵һʲôûء
ôˣʲôɹ˵飬ѵǸղʲô
ľ･ͷЦ覣ңʵû뵽ô󵨡
ʲôղǷ͵Ϯûйϵ
覱ܿĿ⣬ϵΧȹ˵һе£ȥһˣ
׷ʵʲôʱ
ͷҲص˵ϵķ֮ǰ
覲ûȥ̫Զĵطȥ಻Զ滨֣˺⿪ĲҶꡣ
覵ʱ˺һϾɵľݲ衣
̧õţ˺һʱųһº͵Цݡ
ã
վ˵
ǵһ
ЦЦʣæ
˺ԥ˵ʲô£㾡˵ֻҪܰģҶġ
һ㶣һû˵ʲôأΪʲôôҪң
˺Ц󣺡Ƕ̣һ𣿡
ϵЦ⽥ɢȥ
ͬһգһô
еˣɲ䰡
ζʧò˵Ѿ뿪̼Һܾˡ
-

53Բ²

˺㶣ⳡϴˣȻһ仰Ļ
覶ԣЩѾļˡ
֮Ի˺⣬ҲֻΪһ̼ң˺Ψһһ¶ˣҪ˺ˮ
˺˵ô˵һֱ㵱á
´ǱһҲǱ´ġ
Ȼ´һֱ´Լء
ǵոֻ̼ʱֺ˵ĵһ仰үүģԲܺʹ̼ҵһжǴġΪ˲ô絣ҵĺӻĺӵһУ԰ֲ飬ҲӣǰҲҪһգԾ㡣㳤ԺҲܺʹĺ𣿡
̼ҵʱѾʮܼˣʱĴ󲮵ĺӣԪ֪̼һһŮ覡
ֱǰүүزһҪټ̼ҵĶŮһοˣ֪¡
ʱһֱ벻̼̼ͨܽûκιϵˣΪʲôö
ǴʹˣǵĺӣҲһԽӻһ
֪Ժ;̼ǷõģҪ覡
覲ñ̼ҵôż۸
˺£㲻ȱɣǱߺȱ˵
覿ŵݵԼǰĲ豭˵ҽȥгתһȦһ͵ļ۸񣬷ǵļ۸񶼳ҵԤ㣬㲻֪ǻЩطСг͵ģ
гǱгг˺ü
͵ʳƷٻǷװֻҪĶڴгҵ
ǽϣ˴гÿһҵ꣬ûҵһҼ۸ꡣ
֮ǰǸҲĿ˵ĳ֣֪︽ܿͻµľ֣ҵһҵͼ۵飬Կ̲ݻ
ҪھǮҲ΢
˺⣬ϣ˺ܰԼ
˺̼Ȼûоֶ⣬̼ҳɳĿȾ֮£϶Ҳѧ١
һʱ˺⣬һԼϤǣҲ˺ڱҵҪꡣ
˺˼һ˵кõ꣬ڴгˡҪӴг֮ĵطɹͣ²̫ʵ
ʧĵͷ
ڱǵ˺ⶼ벻취ô˵ûпܴ͵ļ۸
ﵹǻһ飬Թ㿼ǡ
˺һ˵̧꣬ͷ
żʵʲô飿
˺覵ݹȥһ裺𼱣ȺȲ衣
賢һڣȻü
׺룬ò衣
˺ñ˲ҶԺ󣬲ԼҲȵĺܻѡ
˺˵֪˷綼ʲô𣿡
覷²豭˵֮ǰ񽿴үү˵ʱĺͶ翪͵꣬˷һ˷ݡ
˺˵Ĳ豭˲裬˵һð⣬ķݿڣ˶Ǯ
һ㶣ϵЦһ˲ĽӲ
⡭ȷеð
һҷǮмҾһ׼ȷҲܹƳһŵ
˺ʵ˵
򴽵Բ²¡
ô˵һҪΪԼͷϻжǮܡҲҪڱУķǮ
˺ָãݿŵڣǰǰ󣬻һµʱ䣬Ͱʮɡ
˺һ˵Ҳ£ٿ顣
ٿ鲻һģ֣һ˺ӵһ˵
˵Сζݵã覱Ͼǵһ⣬ܶʡǮ·СζڴֵطķݣٺãһʮľѾܲˡ
֣ʵһٰʮ顣
Ŵͷβ˺˵ѾϵĲ裬ͷ˵ࡣôҲԲù˼ҵӣ˵֡
˺һ㶣ñΪҪĶడȻ뷨
ЦЦԼĹֵһٰʮ顣
̧˺⣬ĵʵһô룬Ͷ۹
Ȼ˵úģǴ˶ס
˺סͷЦȷҰ̸
꣬ü¶һЦݡ
̼ҵһܻˡ
ȻúԪһսѴ򣬵̼ҵҲ̫͹һ㡣
-

54˫Ӯ

˺⿴¶ЦݣɵҹĲԣ
ϵЦݣôһָĪĸо
Ծ˵ࡣ
˺ͻȻǱһٰʮ㣬ٵ㣿
˺ԸԼķϣҲԸһʵĻش
㡣
ࣿ
˺Щˡ
æ׷ʵ٣
Ц˺磬ȸʲôٸҵķ˶Ǯ
ҵ顭Ŷԣ˺ѻ˻˵֪˷ķӿҵ˶𣿡
ҡҡͷ
˷ﲢûϵҲûд̽ϢԲ
˺塣
㶣׷ʵôģ
ͨ硣˺˵ã˷磬ǲˣһˡ
覲ʲô˼
˺˵ÿ͵İ취Դгɹ͡ɹʹﵽһʱ̾ͻή۸гй档ֻͣ͵꣬ġ㣬ʣµһô죿
˵ͼ۴
ô˭
͡һˡֿ覵ĺȻĿڵ˷
ô򵥵ĵ֮ǰôûף
£ֻͨͼ۴
ڻȥٷùˣˣ͵ûװԼ͸òʧˡ
һ˷ͼԼ͵ɣ԰гϲɹ͵ԭۣͷתָ˷
Ҫǣүү˵ʱǵ˱ҲǾԸɾġ
ûֹһ˵ͼԼڻƷ
˷ﷹݵͽۣͱݵͽҪͣ棬˷ͿԽʡһǮ
磬Ϊɹļ۸Ҳ͡ôȥƽתָ˷һ֣ʣǲͣ۸ԾɿѹһѹͬС
˷ķǮˣ͵Ȼû˷ķô㣬Ҳͼ
˫Ӯ
ǴһʼʹҪԲһ˷ݣһ͵ꡣ
Ǻ˺˵һˡ
̲ס̾취̫ˣ
˷ھȫٲյˡ
˵ã־£Ҳûʲôס
˾˸߹εһԶԶʤ˵ʱ˷һ
˺˵ȻǺð취ΪʲôҲأ
Ҳã
ʵҲǵУ͵ɹͣ
˺ͷ
ĿǰֱӴгȻвͨҲֻһְ취覵Ҫˡ
˵üȻӪְ취˵ǺӮԸҲзһ𣿡
˺ЦͿıˣ㵽ܲ˵ǣ뵽ǵ
취Ѿˣܲ͵ÿԼˡ
覵˵ͷˣллЩһȥ취ġ
˵꣬λվ
˺ʵ׼ˣ
覵ͷ԰ʲô𣿡
ҪʵѾˣѵԷ
˺˵㻹ûиңĵӪҵǶ١
ЦЦ
˺ǲ죬覵ķ澹Ȼôãһֱ͹ˣ
΢Ц߳˺ĲҶꡣ
Ȼһ֡
ˣСζ棬ʮ飬˷ķݣ뻹Ҫ߳ôһЩ
ܰʵָ˺⣬˵з磬һķôߵϢȥпܻ˵ĵжԡ
ķݻûվȽŸԪܷŵǹѾͷˡ
ķΪߵ룬õļɵõĵжԣⳡϷͱˣɴͶˡ
Ȼһ̼ҲûбֳҪԸ˼Ⲣþˡ
ڱϾǴһ־ϵС
־ϵֻһλӮҡ
ӮҲǡ
ԴĳֲȻһֵжԵĹϵ
ǵʱûбֳҪԸӣĿԻΪǲԼǸв
ΪԼǡ¡ĶǵУǡǡɾơûơ
ڲȷԼӮʱ򣬾ҪѧâΪңңȡ
ͲΪǸҪȶԸĿˡ
-

55»ǣ

覿ǵһοˣ˼ĵطǼ֮䣬˭ͷԣܴǮࡣ
ǿĶ֣ҲгЩͬҵľߡΪӮͬҵľߣԶԶġ
ҪģӮԼ⼸ֵܽá
ͬҵ˾ƴ޷ڵλã۵Ļļ۸֮ĶʵûʲôѶȡ
׻˵úã͵Ӧʱ׬Ǯʱ
ֻҪеϣ̫ѡ˵طʵûôѡ
ⳡѵʲôǿЩֵܽΪӮǣƵĻ
ҼȻⳡˣȻӮ
ӮҵλþͰǰ˭Ը⵱һҡ
үүⳡˣΪ˵ĥǡ
Щͬеľߣ˵׶ˡǲ˽̼⼸ֵܽõϰߺͷҪԸ̼Щ˲ףǲôĥ̼ҵЩֵܽá
̼⼸ϤֵܽԼǾͱü򵥶ˡ̫Ϥ˴Ҳ֪ԷǺͳ
ȻϿȻôעԷﶼ֪˶˫۾ء
͵ͬڼһϴƣ֪ʲôҲ֪ȱʲô
Ϳһս˭Ļ˭ñȥĥǣסԷ˭ܴл
ʱ˭ӯңңȣ˭ͻΪʸ֮ġ
ΪǣסǸƵˣȻ׷ͳԼĵӣƵ˵ͱϼ
һΰ̳Ҫ֮ľ롣
ΪŸոտʼԴҶûг֣ڹ
ȹһʱ䣬ҵľˣȻʲôжʹ
˵ļĺͺʤģˡ
ʱܴһʤˣһǸ˷ԼƵˡ
ֻԼױ˹Ķ̴Ϊɴ͸ף·ߵĸԶ
ʲôĥֵܽõأ
һοˣ̼һӵĳɳүүһο֮еơ
ľ֮£һԶȵڶ౳˼ٱѹΪڶĶֻһһĶȴˡ
ûʮİӮһο֮ǰֻܳΪĵڶǷâ¶ĵһ
ڻʱ
ȵҪʱΪǸһģʱһĵһ
֮ǰǸúú룬ô͵ļ۸ˡ
վ滨ֵ·ڿ˿߾˷ķݺ͵ڵʤ֡
ʱ仹磬ȥһʤ̸̸ֺٸϻطݣӦûü
һжɣ˵߾ߡ
͵ʤֵĽֿ·һ۾Ϳˡ
߽͵꿴˿ڹ̨ˡ
˽ˣ̧ͷһ覣Ͱ˱ϣս˳
үȻܻˣǶǲϵǮԲԵ⣬ÿ˵ĵӯ٣˶Ǳܵġ
Ļɽ⣬˭Ҳ֪˵жǮģֻͨ첻𣬸һĹˡ
˱ǲҪ覴Ͽʲô
Цⲻôôˣ
˵ǿݵģ˵͵ļ۸ȱ𴦱ˣ
֪ڶǳһʲô̬ȣ覲ֱ˵Լ⣬̬̽̽ȡ
ӹ̨˳˵˺˵İɣ
覵ĴʤֿһξأĶ۸һЩҲûɻᴫ覵Ķ
˷ӦҲûǸȥ˵ЩԪͺ覲Ը͸˺˵Щˡ
ΨһܸЩģֻǸϿɫʵעÿһ˵Ķ˺ˡ
ĲҶ覵ķҲ֮нҲ
ֱԲ԰˵Ҹͼ۸һ̻˺Ƽ͵ꡣ
ܵ覺Ȼг𣬵ôҲǸϵɡ
ǵڸǮ
翴覵ж˼̽
覵˵ã˺⻹˵Щʲôܸ𣿡
ʼ磬޺˵ûʲô˵˷ķݹͱȽϱˣҾʡ
Ҳû˵׼ȷı˵ļ۸ֻ˵ôһģ飬Щŵס
覼ۣûõǺܻ˵Ԫˡ
˵ڴ￪Ǽҷܺãǽĵط÷ݵ⣬覵Ҳס
-

56ΨһŮ

Ц˵ķܺãҪԸҵȻԸ㹩չҵ⣬Ҳչչ㣬ģֻҪҸļ۸һгϵЩҪһ㡣
⹩ļ۸񵽵׻˶٣û˵
ôǲܻѼ۸˵ģԺûˡ
ЦǻҪлԸչˡ
˶٣гܶණĽ۶ˡȵ죬ҿһ͵Ľôٺ̸𣿡
еĲ׽ؼʣˣȡ
һ覾֪Լļ۸񣬾Բܺ˷һ͡
֮䱾Ҳʲô׽Ĺϵʮ⡣
ڡȡôԼ̫ͻȻû׼Ҫ˷ٺúԼ顣
覿ҲǷ꣬ȻҷԶγʲôϵ覹ļ۸̫ͣҲγһֱʱ覵ˣһͲˡ
Ҫı󶯡
ȻһУȴû˵ƣûͱˡ
ԾһڴĶ˵Ȼ͵Ķ
Ҫһ㣬Ǳѻ˵
絽ʱδҪҲܰ˺ơ
ԺҲΪһõĳߡ˾˵ֻҪ㹻˶ԳΪһƯĵʯ
þ˾˵ĺе
̸Ժ覾뿪͵꣬شȥˡ
ʱѾĵӣ뿪ĻѾڵˡձѵҪúñ֣Բ硣
ڵﻹûмˣվڹ̨Ų˵
覶Իʵأ
˵±أ￴ţп˸
ʵ̰أ𣿡
ָָ˵ղ˵Ҫϲ͵ԺȥˣҲ֪ڸð˻
ƿţ˺ԺͼƼһӱߣڸժĶȥ˿
߹ȥ˵ʲôЩͺˡ
Ƽæվ˵ոԺźöඹǣҿԵĲϿܳҪã˳ˡһϴˣֱ¹ˡ
覵˵ͷ˵鷳ˡ
Ƽֶȥ鷳˳ֵ顣ҲͿŪˣŪЩȥ濴
覺ͲƼһʣµĶȥ˿ϴǵʱȻʵ̰̣֮ǰ˵Ǵѧѧʲôģ
Ҳ˵ȫ֪иʲôġ
һ㶣ѧ
Ƽͷ˵ǰÿ궼Ҫѧɽ˵ɶɶ⣬Ҳû뵽꺢ȥˣͰȸˤˡ
ò󣬹ϴѧĺӣôˤȣһѹɡ
Ƽ̧ͷЦѹɶأҺһ͹õˣҲô󸻴󣬸⣬ֻҪܺúûž͹ˡ
㶣⵹û뵽Ļش
ѶӶϴɾװƼΧȹϲ˲֣˵ϴɾˣһˡ
ƿţ߻ķ
覿ſĶ΢΢Щʧ
Ϊ˸ĸΪʲô˺˾Ͳôأ
е˼ΪٴĿѣΪӻŶҡеˣԼĺӶҪ
ܶǰףʱ̼ҵ䡣
Ҫ̼Ҹʮһ꣬һץס½ǣСؽһְ֡
һνаְ֡
˵ʲôѪĸס
ȴָһơ
һƣ׸֮Ĺϵ
ʱ˵ʲôţ
Ŷ˵ҹΪҵ׸ƻǼҵĹϵҲûŮΨһŮԪ
ԪĿΨһŮ
ʲô
һóϵģ׸
ԳЦһ𶹽
֣һİˡ
Ҫ
ǣҪ࣬ҪûصһС
̼ҵʳǣĹεذѵľȫ˰ɣ
ǴѾǵã̼ǵʱǷһƨծ׽İ׶ϵʱ˭̼Ҵȥһʷļױ̼һ˾ˣһı
ĸףף
̼нһУףǵġ
-

57ºʲô

ûϵһ죬¸һеġ
裬˭Ƿ˭˭Ǹûı΢˿ǸǸ˼ġ
æµʱʱǷɿߡ
̧ͷ˿ӱһתѾ˵ˡ
Ӻһˣվڷſ˸Ȼת߻˷
ûע⵽ԶһƵ·£һӢͦˣվһһӰ
Ѿ˺ܾˣһСʱôһֱվ·£̣߳ߵſʱʱӷ߳Ϳ˵һۡ
ܶĳүڵıеڵĳһ¡
үΪʲô¶飿
ǰһʵүȥС𣿷ݺˡ
еһں󣬽ʣµİص̵ٶ˵ϣ̧
³һڰȴû򷹹ݣǻͷ˵Ҽǵ˵үүǲСĵˮġ
ͷǰүôͻȻˣ
ʣһ죬ͻȻ֣үүǱƽģˮ˰үүƽӵˡΪ̫£԰ˡΪ˲ʹ࣬Ҳүү֪Ժ󣬻ô
Цܣ粻ôүүܼ򵥣ˮûôۡ
ͷСζݵƣ³֣˵
˼Ƭ̣ĻӦûʹѣȻȥǸүү˱𣡡
㶣ʣ̼񾭡
ҲΪãŻ㡣
ü˵飬úþǺã˵ô֪أҲ˭Ҫ֪үүడɱүү˾ҵĳˣѳ˵ңǰ˴ڻ𣿡
һ˲ʧ
ҲǺͳվһ
˶٣аҪûԼ˵һ·ϣһɵ㶵ǵĺͳЦŴкأ;öġҴ϶ҡ˽ҵԸ֪Ҫģһࡣ
ԼЬ⣬ʱ֪࣬㡣
ĬĬҲܱȻһɵһֺǺǵĺͳ˴кҪǿɡ
үôͻȻôֵ⣿
ԽԽүˡ
һ
ôߣصȴɡ
ֹֹԼ˵¡
飬ʼֻһػʮǰһ
覰ѲƼͻϴõ궼պãʰԺҲæ
ĸŮ˸ͱɶˡ
һݾʹɨĸɸɾѻͲƼ͵ڣҹƵߡ
ߵſڣſ֪ʲôʱѾվ
Ǽˣÿֵһ֣Ǹϲ覵Ҳͻ֡
һʱţʵǸ棬桭
ʲôţ
ֺ˵ֲ̫һ̫üˡ
һţ͸ǲˣ
ʾү
˵ԣ˵ľү
ŷ͵΢⣬ͷš
ʵΪʲôȥѽ
ʡ
үС˵ǽȥʲôݰͷñүˣ
㶣ͷҽȥˡ
ס˵ҲһȰɣܾõġ
Ǹ͵ıظŮ֮ǰǸ˻Ǹˣûбץ֡
ôһץʱǱ̵ͨһֳ˻ֵĿ
ʧɫģΪԼأˣͷ˵Ǹ
ҲԼķӦ̫ˣ˼£˵ûûϵ
￴һۣʵǡ
˵үһзִģѾôˣܿͻߣͷĵﴵɡ
Űɵؿһۡ
ǸջǾĻվڷſڵȡ
Ķȴ洫ʲôĶһȥ۸
ǰ۸ˣôõҲ۸
͵غԼ˱˵磡ôһֱҿ㲻ȥˣ
Цʲô
覵һ죬Ÿ׹أôܻ᲻ߣ
һۣô
-

58У

һĶˡ
ǰԼԴһ¡
ʲô
ǰһʱ򣬲Ǻʲôµģ
˵ԼĸоһҲûֹͣǿŲֵģƺҪ޵ԺһƬſϰݡ
֪ͲȥͲƼͻˡ
㣬㵹ǿôҲһһεѽ
ƮСҲͷ⿴һۡ
СѾͷ㣿
ûʾ⣬ҷʱǲֵܻ˵ġ
ЦЦϵ˱ʵ˽ˣҾͿԶ㿴ˣ
СѾͷߵģܺÿ
һ㶣ͷҲô˵
Ǳôţܲ˼
߷һĨЦ⣬һͳ˱
һգ㵵
˱ڵеı˵㡣
գգ۾ˣʲô
ں޷ǰһ뷨Ȼ֮ڿڡ
覴ʵأ
һ㶣̧ͷʵУ
覵ͷҵˣҵȻа
ǾͿңҸղſһ
˵꣬ͷˡ
һпȻղǾ仰Ҳ񲢲ڵ飬ֻǼ򵥵ؽһһ
覣Ŷ
Թſؿһ
Ȼ覺Ȼ֣ǷֿôԺһ濴ӡ
ϸĻʵ٣ʹǰЩģ۾ʹΡ
۽޺ܳŨлȣÿĽŮ˶Ҫʡ
Ȼڿϵ˱ȻԴʯһ۾￴⡣
ģͺããҹǡ
ڻϣΪʲûϳأ
覵Ŀ⽥һƶȻ΢΢۵Ķ
ţ
Ķôˣ
顪
͵غ˱֮ϵǱˮû˻Ρ
覱һ˲ֱ㵵ؿ
ôˣ
ˣ
ԼӧҪѽôƢأ
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ϻ̸ʱϵװ⿪ϵĿӣµһ㣬Щ˵ҿ
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ʲô
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ȣǼˡ
㼱ʲôԼҵ˱˵Ҫ˵ģ
һ˫ֺȻ֮޴ţʵְֹԼ˶޴ˡ
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˭֪һˮûкȥһգӾͱ˹ȥ
˵ҵˮû˵ȣ
ȻƽʱֺɵΪܽܡ
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ղԼ¶ʱ򣬲ʲôֱ֡ԼҲ¶ôſʱžԼĵĺܡ
¶ôԼȥָŻղžԼĶ䶼ˣ
û뵽Լһ˵ûƿغá
ĵԼܶ飬ƴô꣬ʲôûоô᷸ôͼĴ
ǿһô˶أ
Ҳܸ¶˵㶢Ÿ翴̲סҪ㡯ʵ
һʱĶûпƺԼ̲סһڣͽųǸˡҪٶ˵Щ¶ǵĻԺһʱ䣬ǵñܿɡ
ãŵǸǸ粻ãղһЩ£ŵˡ
ʵʲô飿
Ҫȥ£㲻ɡ
ȴ׷˵˵ʲôͻȻƢ
ͷһ˱˵˳ҲڽͳԻؿۣˡ
-

59޼鲻

ԭֻҸױ覿Ƶȥû뵽һ仰ȴɹ覸Ĺע
覱ΪеΣýܳʲô⣬Ϊڽɵġڽɵġ
һ⣬Ȼġ
ǽ𣿡
㶣̫أܴ
観Ĭһ
Ĳ̫أģ
һ¶ע
Ȼһ覾ʵʲô£ܰ𣿡
Ϊʲô
ΪܵˣΪҲӦõġ
ܸɵ˺ܶ࣬ҪΪԼ¡ʲô飬Լܽˡ
ңСѾͷ̼ܵҵЩŮԼضæҪٳհ۰
ǡ
һҪһûᡣ
ĺûᡣ
黫թԣ޼鲻̣
һµǰһ㡣
Ҫ硭
ڴؿҲҪæĵط
̫ˣ
ԺĻͺˡ
ǾͰ͸һס˵
覺һû
һס
һ˵ţڱҪµ⣬δһʱæ⻹нҪûչңȺԲһ١һܹµܿ
覺ɵؿһܹһƴˣ־Լܿ
ԼظԼĽ飺ɩ
ʵɩУһϵľô죿ܱ֤ɩʵ𣬾ڿţܱ֤ᱻǽ𣿡
һ㶣Ͳұǽ𣿡
΢΢һЦ㲻ᡣ
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ֵ̯췼ԷһӣһӦȫӹ󣬹סսǮϾס
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ǻȲҪץΪ˺һ𣬲ֶΡǻ۵
ǰҰʱͱָĹҵˡǻǰͬӣһиǡȥˣҲܲãǻҵĳһ㶼ýԺá
˵һһĻطеϵյõķӦֻޱؿ
ĬĬʲô̬ȣ
ʵǡĪ⡣
ˣʱĲܿ͸
αϣɵǾͽ顣
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ⲻǸ
ʼ磬˵Ҿ˵ĺܶԣֻҪǽˣǾûٶָָˣסһҲͱȻ
ѵһõİ취⵱Ȼǣ
Լǿ
覲ؿôͻȻ˵ô˵Ļ
𣿡
򴽣Ԥı
һճȭͷ֧ͷ˵ȥף˵ףףүүӦˡǽ飬סһһһ˳£ﾪˣ
˵֮ǰûк˵Ҫ鰡
ͷһϡ
˵ˡ
㶣ҡ
ʹӦ˰ɡ
ʲôʹӦˣܸеʱúÿǿǰɣ
յҵĻ
áֵ̯š
ʲô˼ˡ
һͷʵôʵؽˣô죿
ףǲģ⹫ȻܴӦ׵飬϶ҲᷴԼ顣
ô¾ûôý˰ɡ
˵ȣǽ鲻ʡ˼ǣڰʹԼǧԺľΣأ
Щˣһߴȥ
һ㶣ʲôҹأҪǺˣҵ飬ҿ϶ò밡
겻Ĵ·Ȼ˼򵥴ֱˡ
-

60ʮ

ȴǱһᴦ㲻õġ
覵֮ǰǻһүүܵĹ𣿡
֮ǰ£ĵ׼˺þá
ʵûҲǵá
覲ؿôûأ
˵Һ㣬ҲܺκŮ˽顣ȻѾ֪˽ΪʲôҪȥأţ
˵ͽ飬᲻̫ˣ
㲻ڣԺһҪ飬ȻΪʲô磿Ժ󣬻ܸһסһĸá
˵̼һûаꡣ
ؿԼ飬ȴûע⵽еĽթ黫
˵Ҳ飬ֻǸԼ˺ֶѡʱ˭ҪǸ˵ʲôǣͰѽ֤ϣ벻ʹ𣿡
ĬĬ飬ͦʹġ
˵Ҳе㲻ڣԺҲһҪ顣
Ѿףú챾Ҳ˳µ顣
ô˵ȷҲûʲôװ
֮ǰΪԼ˱ǣҪ⣬ûһ𣬲Żʱ顣
ѾΪӽܵˣ֮ǰ谭ѾûˣҲûʲôõĵˡ
ǡ̧᣿
ڣûвɰɡ
ľ𣺡
ӷ˽үʲôţ
˵ȥϵһ˻ؽĻƱ
Ƕ仧ڽˣҪñͱؽ
飬Ҫɡ
ǣ
һ㶣죿
ڰô
˵߻ʲô鶼ûŴأͻأǾôʱ䣬ҲҪϲܻر˰ɡ
üǾЪҵһ졣ôˣ㡣
˵꣬ϵ˱ƻǰ뿪˷ݡ
վڷſڣһۣ˵ϲ㡣
һ㶣ϲʲô
ү˵ôûͷûԵģ
ϲ㣬Ժһסһ䷿ˡ
ôһסأ
ʵأ
ᵽȥ
۾˲ɵϴôͻȻүסһȥм䵽׷ʲô鰡
产ŵĻ뿪ˣϽصݣ߷ʵ覣ղôˣǸү˵ᵽȥ
覵˵ͷҪˡ
ôͻȻ
˵˵ͻȻʵҲͻȻ֮ǰѾףڲǰ֤϶ѡ
ܸоеĺͻأǰһǻϵ飬һӣǺȻ;Ҫˡ
һ죡
ʵĿԽ𣿡
ʵΪʲôܣ
룬˵ΪԼǰ޸һˣΪҵʵ㲻õģʲôˣ
˵⣬ܿĳǸүϲ㣬˵͵ûа
覵˵ͷѾʮ
ɫ˱䣬üǴǰʼѾ涨ŮҪʮſԵǼǽ顣ǶҪˣûдЩ𣿡
һ㶣һ˲䱻ſա
ʮǼǽ顭
ղźôãڰ
˵ؽĳƱûͣ˵
εԼ̫Ѩ
ǣͷ
˵ʱɫƻѿɡ
̾һ̧·Լǰ˱ʴˡͷһȴղžѾ˱ϵĶˡ
˵ٶô죿
ղŻʣ˴ҳأ
һϣû˯þ
ڶһ磬ˡ
覺ڷʱϻǳǳЦ⡣
߰ɡ˵
ҡǸεĿһۣҲܺ顣ǲûؽˡ
һ㶣ϲ˵𣿡
һϵʱ䣬ôͻȻ͸ıˣ
観һ˵ˣҵû˵á
üͷһ㲻ʮ𣿡
ңŮҪʮſԽ顣
һǰŮ˵ȷʮͿԽˡǰһԺ󣬻ĸŮ˱ҪʮſԽ顣
ߵǣڵͣʮš
-

61ɩ

ʱĬ
ʮţ⻹ꡣ
ʮһ£ʵʵڲʮ롣
Ҫȵʮܽ飬Ҫһʱ䡣
һ룡
һû˯ţ͵ô
̧ͷ˺һ졣
観ʵ磬ڿʲô
һ飬˵ûʲôֻҲͷһȥ
һ飬ء
ǡô죿
ڻ϶ǽ᲻ˣҲûлȥıҪ˰ɡ
ҧгݵ˵ȣ㳤֤顣
ֺõسЦЦ
Ҳûа취ֲܾġ
һִյǰЦ˵Ȼǲܽ飬ǡϵһ취һǿչ˸ġ
ǣһ˶İ취ļȲš
ԥԥͻȻýˣһڰˬɡ
˵ǰ˵취
˫ֲڴӦ͵
ЦҸ㵱ɩô
¶һЦϣջͣȻջԥһͷӡ
ʹʹһԴʵң
ۿССͣѧ˼ҵʲôɩ
ڱһ׷ӣѵΪԼɩģ
˰ɣ
һüⲻΪչôΪһɩһΪÿһٷˣ㣡
ϿɵĵͷȻ˳￪㹤ʣ⾺ҪӮ̼ҵһˣ
޳ָ˴ĶͷСѾͷ׬Ǯˣ
Ϊǵ˼
ô棬ǰ׻ˣ
覱ԼصС˼ڨڨЦҲ˳׬죬ʵҵҪĿĻչ㣡㿴ô㣡
˵ɩһǮҰߵĹʿ㣬һ¸ʮæĹڷﻹ۵𣿡
覿ĹʣֻǵľȻǿˣʱһˡ
ԼȱǵǮҲܸ覿̫ĹʣǱǮԲ˳ʱ򷴻һѱ
˵ıȰ·ؼһɩ¶ûϵ
֪ⳡҪŻڼ϶æһֱչԼ
ȵ֤ͲҪչԼȦ覣һɩǾˡ
ʱ֤ˣȻҲͲˡԺ󷹹ݹţֱӻؼϢǶôȫļƻ
ã鲻ˣӧɩ
ȱһɩ
ȱһϱ
˼¶һӡ֣е鲻ԽҪĲ
ȴΪں̽⡣
ʱԼɩʮغ˵æĹֻҪԺ󣬻ϰ˵ԺԷ㵽ĵ֮䣬а˵ԺҶʱȥԣ
ô಻صˣ
ˣ
˵ÿϰ˵ţȥǶҲҪһСʱʱܻطݶˣҲδؼľһңҲ³£
覲Լ
գգ۾ʵ˭˵Ҫҵڶ߲𣿡
һ㶡
˵ɩǿסڹ㲻˵ķӻͦģһ䷿£ҵڶٻط⡣á
ܺãҹӶˣ
Ǻԥ˵
Ҫסһʱһж
覵ͷ˸ᣬôֻû˵أôѸٵ¾
ͷһֱ˵ķһʮ뿪źͰɣ
覵ͷǰ
üߵ룬Сʱʱ䣬ҡ
סˣڣ
ȻأЦϴǼ棬һӵʱ䣬ܻһ·ʰӦҲúܾðɡ
ᶨӣεðɣʮӡ
覴ĶͲ࣬ʰҲ죬һ궫ӡ
ڷ˵ӵĶ߳䣬ɻ覣ȥĶ
˵ȥɩ
һµĿ컹ҪСӣôͱ˹ɩĹϵ
׷ʵǷô죿
-

62¾ϲ

˵İɣֻǲڷݵʱɩʱһһطģ
Űɣ㣬æĹ𣿡
覾ȻҪݹ
ʵǲ覣ⷹݵѾˣôƴ
ҲûôԼ
Ȼԣ˵ȰѶᵽȥٻǰ׼ͺá
˵գŴ뿪˷ݡ
վڷſںһ覣ɵӵĶߵʱһ¡
ǰһùĶת
һ֣ʮ
ԭүǰ˵İ
СʮĶ϶·
û뵽ôСȻô
еﶪԺԼǣ覵֣Աͣŵĳȥ
覿ǰĲСγε磬Ժҵʱ򣬲Ҫ˿ôõĳӡ
һ㶣Ϊʲô
̫䣬Сϰݲƥ䡣Ҫע⵽ˣΪС鸾ءϾҳҲǰɣ
ģΪԼǸˣ
ԼʵѵҲÿ𣿡
Цһ㵱Сݵϰ嵱ˣԼףҵǧˡ
ߺߣҲ㿪ôõĳӵ˵ĳʱжĳȥ
һᣬӾʹ췼Է
췼ԷĻ㲻ڷǰһС԰԰˺ܶõ壬޵ģʮֶĿۡ
ߴӿڴԿױʵϲ𣿡
覵ͷЦϲ
һ򿪣ͷ˵˵ҡ
գգĴ۾Ҳϲ
ϲΪʲôҪѽ
õһ㶣Լ෴ܿƵĿʼ
Ȼһμ覵ʱСĺܡ
ʱ꣬һСӣ·İҲŸձ͵¡
յµʱ򣬺ʹĺǺϲû飬ֻԼںӱ߶ʯӣһһĵ
һ͵ԺһȴûдߣǸԺ
ԺǮˣ㡣
Ժʲôʱֻ֪뿪ʱ׷˳һ·Ǳɸ˻ȥ
һ죬ʹǰһӱ߶ʯӡ
ޱ
Ҳһ죬ǸСŮλƵߵߡ
СŮģ۾ܴƯ
۽ëģȻÿϹŵ飬Ө͸ģԶԶʤǰģϵˮ
ʱкСŮ˵˵һ仰ι벻ǣ
һǣǸŮӴϵ
ڶǸ覲ٿˣıӱ
ŲԶΧһȦʯӵһȺʵ㲻ȥһ𣿡
ҡҡͷ
ԼСȹӣ˵Ҳϲǡ
ű̵ĺ棬һʯͷ
ƢͲãһǣֻΪ޵ĿѡɲһСβͣ׸һ
ŮԺҪΪһǾ͸һܷġ
ûʵ
ʱ覶̧ͷһ˫۾ģϵǶÿ
˵ϲ㡣
ǵڶμ棬Ǹ¡СŮ޾Ȼ˵ϲΪһǡ
ʱǸĺӣܶʲôϲ
ǴСͻ˵ˣ
뵽ջԼĿ⣬ƿ˽ȥ
ͷ˵䶼ǿŵģԼϲס
ָһӣ˵סɡ
ͷͷһۡ
ͰŽ˷
ʵⲻķ䶼ţסĶ
̧úķڵһȷţס
覶Ժ󣬲žסļġ
ۿ˿ϲ⡣
ת˫֣ܿĿ⡣
תתȱʲôԺ˵
תȦЩģǹưЩСģճʵˡ
Ѿȱʲôˡ
ķӴһٶʮƽ״ס´ˡ
ǮˣʲôԶǶܵġ
-

63ڇNɪ

覰ԼĶԺ󣬻صɳϵʵ磬ȥ̸Ļһʲôʱʲôʱʣ
һļȥüͷ΢΢𣬲û覵ĻԾɿϵĶ
ʵæֻΪҪ覣ھʱѡ
ŵߵߣһĨҪһ£
ɳʲôġ
ߵ࣬һ˫ԤıСֺȻ˹ȥ
ϣҪʱһֱǰȻɳղǸˣҪƿļ
һ˿գֱӲˤĻ
ֱϺȻһֻ˻Σһõļϡ
ô£
㶡
ԼͻȻСѾͷǿջ˫кȻһĨ
һ˫΢΢ţ񾭶һ˫۾ǾȻҲΪڵ⡣
ԭ鲻İ
ģ׳һСĸܵɢīСϻ˿˳ĸо
ڸʲôţ
ҲԼ
գգԼĴ۾Щܣҡ
覻ҵҪ˵ֱӿסļ򣬰˻ȥ
ת˲䣬Ļ
һΣܸоһֻֻ
ƺСʱ覵ϼ
ͷ˫Ư۾ʵôˣ
覸Цܲ
Ҿ뿴ķӦ
ʮϿɵĵͷŶԭڶͶͱķӦǸˣ
ʮִȵ˵û£ҲǺ飬Ҳ㡣Ͼôϲ㡣
üԺҪַѵѵҵķӦԼķӦǰˡ
Ҳ̫˳˰ɣ
ʵ㲻е޳𣿡
Ǵ˿˵仰ȻǴ˵ģҾ͵ڿˡԺɵóġ
覲ʲôģ
ЦЦѾǺˣҺ֮䣬ҲǸõĹϵˣһ˶Ů˵Ĺϵ
覵ͷ֪ǲŶѽ
üʵ֪֪ղͶͱΪһϲ޳ֵܸ飿
һ㶣ֵ飿
·ͷ覶˵һŮ˾ôѹһ˵Ĵϣûᷢʲô
覵Ļһξ룬ңҸģԺҲˣסҪʲô嶯
ЦҸղ˵ѹ飬ʲôó嶯ģҪʲôԼʲô飿ţ
һʲôѽղǾ仰塣ȻϡھȻװ޹
˫չĹģԼղŵĻǿԲΪѹ飬ңԲŽס
ŶЦһǸˡ
˵գȥϵļ
覿ɢڵصļ߹ȥæݸ
覲ݲݿһۣ˵ҿкܶ滹ż۸ʲô
ĵҪڱĵء
һô࣬ȫǣ
߰ҳأ
ļŵϣһһߵҲȫǣ֮һɣš
Ҫڱǿǵⳡ϶Ҫȴؿʼ
㶣֮һҲˣ
ղŴļϿ˺üضβĵطЩطĵؼҪȱĵط٣Թһ£̼Ҳδܼһڱôء
ô飬Ȼ˵ôƵᣡ
ٿıں̼Щֵܽòʱ־ôֱʣĵ׶Ҫƽˣ
ͷõ󣬷߷ȻҵǮڱôأһͬ𣿡
ǸԼǮûйϵҾˣҲܲš
һ㶣ЩԼƴĳɹ
ԭѾôֱˣ
覲˼˵ԭǸ
ļһ١
΢Ťͷ覣⾪ô£
¶㲻֪Ǯ𣿡
һ顣
ں҇Nɪ𣿡
-

64㿴磿

˵ڲʵ
ڱЩضԣȷǺѵ顣
覸ղǸȵıԼУһСӡ㲻ǸСӣҲǸ̫еˡ
ȴ̲סװƣΪ
Ϊ˵ʵԸòƽˡ
ɴһļϣ˫۽ǰת覣ʵǲǴûпףүү׵ʱµƸ񣿡
һ㶣ºƸҲйϵ𣿡
⹫׵ԺǺ˵Ƹ飬˵ƸԺԵױȫߡ
ʱûаƸϣһֻ
Ҷ˵׼˶ٵƸͲҪֻҪǸСǷƸӣڶףҷĴͷء
̧֧ԼĶͷ
Ȼû
ѹղ֪ԼҪЩصʱ򣬻һ顣
覿ʧģ㷲
ʵôˣ
˵һһµʱ䣬ϸѡϸãһƸӣƸһ⡣û뵽Ƹ͵Ժһ۶û
観סˡ
ǷƸ񵥾Ȼô˼Ҳû뵽
ѹ¶ôʧı飬û⣬񼫡
覵˵һֱ⵽˾С
һȱ𣿡ʵ
ҡͷȱȱ
˵ҾҪھøʱҲеӡ
ЦҲãû뵽ôá
һ̣Լ֡
ûϵԭˡȻ⵽˾УǸȫ㣬Ƹӻɡ
㶣漴ϵ˵
ͳȥĶҪȥĵ
ղŻ˼ǷݵϵĶһ٣һֵơǮҪֲɵӡ
ֲҪȡ£ƸҲ˵ģ
ջ֣ҲûûЩƸ
˵绹ΪӽǮ
覷Ե˭˵ģһֱӹס
һλףңһҪƸ϶Щʲô
תȥϵļã
ʵĶʰˣ
覵ͷʰˣˣղһ㣬һʲôʱԷأʲôʣ
˵ÿ緹͹ˣ̸⣬緹ǳԣҲˡ
覵ͷһʡʱ䣬Ҳôۡ
˵һ飬µǸ㲻ýڷǰ档ˣ϶иҪҪȥ㲻Ҫ˷ҿչ˺Լ
ɫȴ˳Ҳ㡣
ʲôĵģҶôˣڷܳʲô¡
Ȼʵǲˣ
һ㶡
ĬĬֵף̵飬ǲʲôˣ
覲ĿΪʲôʳ⣿
ʵ⹫̸ˣ
̹Ȼ֮ǰҺףүүһ档
ʵΪף̣ǵ𣿡
観Ĭ˺һᣬŻصǡ
ʲô
ҡҡͷϣԼܹ
Դ˱ǣżǸجΣʲôû
ΪʧȴΪһ
벻Ǻ¡
Ƭ̧̺ͷʵ磬ʱûпʲô𣿡
ҡͷϡ
ʲôҲûп
覵Ŀһȥ
ʲôûпجǸ˭
ʱôˤ˵ģ
Ұοûϵܻһġ
ͷ˵ſģҲżġ絹һҪ㡣
̧ͷʵʲô飿
˵ķǲʲô⣿
һ㶣ϵûаΪʲôͻȻôʣݵǼģܺõġ
˵Ȼķû⣬Ϊʲô뵽ҵɩһʣӦòȱǮɡ
˵鰡ڨЦĴָʳָһС϶ҵȷһС⡣
˵˵˵ܸ
㣿
ʵ㿴磿
˵ǿֻǵʱ䣬ûҳأܰﵽ𣿡
-

65񫣿

ˣ˵ƴ˰꣬Щȴ˶ʮ꣬ʮꡣǴʱ䵹ǳм˸Ĵ⣿
ô˵Ҳеһһطֻ𵽸ãܾһС
ЩһطһӣҲ˾ƽƽ֮
˵ڣ˵˵⡣
覱˵ˡ
ݵܺãΪãŻ֡Ҹоò˶ãԱ߾ͻٿһҷݡ
΢΢ͷʱǵһӰ졣
覵ͷ
ʵĽ취ʲôǸҵɩ
˵ʵѾ취ˣֻǲ֪ҪѡĸһȥгֱҼ۸͵̣Ǣ̸һ£˳㻭ܲܰ͵ļ۸ѹ
˵ͣƺڵ
û̸ԼǼȣִӿڴͳһ̺һ
̺һ̵ߣ˴ĸӣһȼ棬һڣ³һڰ
ʱĶ
ڶأ
覿ˣ֪Ϊʲô覾Ȼе㱻һӼȳ̵˧Īζ
áԸС
Ǻ˳̣һЩ˶ԣֻһֽѹұƺԵˣǾó̸ԡ
ңһǰ̡
覵΢΢ۣ˵ڶǰϣϡ㻹ʶɣ
磬ý㡣˵
һ㶣ôʲô֪
һۣеɻ󣺡˽һҶ̼ҵ˽Ҳ١˵飬ΪʲôҪϣϣ
˵翪͵꣬˷ǵͽһı۵ֱͣӴһгϵĶˡⳡϵ飬ܸľΣ֮˵˻һ־ϵ¡
ĻǸ׳нõʱΪֹǵĺãͻȻϻٸ㹩ʱҪǢ̸̣Ӱܴ󡣡
ͷ˵Щ˵ģ
Ѿȼ˹룬Ȼؿһۣ覵ĿͣϼŵϣȻʲôϨˡ
Ǹ⼸̸⣬ϰˡ
̸ֻʱʶĶǵʶԼ覶ʱ˲ȡ
֣ƺе㲻ϰϿյĸо
뿪ʱ򻹲̣ͻȻǰ̣úְɣ
˵ûϵҲԣ⹫;˾Ҳǰ̣ϰζˡ
̾һˡ
ĲںǼȻ˵ˣǾ˰ɡ
˵Ѿ˵취ˣʲô𣿡
ĿⲻԾһ̻Ҹǰ̡
ϰǰһ̣ǿ֢ˡֻ˰ãе㲻þ
취ɿջĿ˵
ע⵽СһЦ˳
ڵǲôĽ취ˣ飺磬񫣿
úеܣһ
ûУֻϰ߰һꡣ
Ծ飬Ҳϲ
Ļ̻Ҹǰ̡
ˣҲ顣
Ȼؿ覰ǰ̶Ͱ
覲ûҪǰ̵ݸ˼
һҲûУ
ָһ㶼ûУ

ƽ⣿
εظɿһĬĬصͷ
Ǽ˵ղŵ취õĵط
˵һ룬һ֧մ̺ó̾͵ݵǰ
һ㶣˵졣
Թſ죬覰Ȼš
ס̵ʱֱӴùβȼ˳ɫĻ档
覰ѴŻϣɳһ˵
ղǸѾϨˣҲû
һ̣³꣬Ҳĵһ롣
Ǹ覸̣ؿ
ǧ覿ʱӣǧ֮УΨһû뵽һ֣覻̡
覿˵鰡ҸʲôҶ˵Ҳں
ּס̣ͷЦ
СѾͷСѾͷԶΪʵ״̬롣
-

66

СѾͷôܲϲ
ϲϲȥˡ
ͱŮĺܲһ
һ̣˵¶Щ꣬ЩΪŮˣ˼̡
˳̣˵̡
̧ۿ˿ûҪԼ˼ǾͰҵһΪ룬ֻΪֺ˵ĵŮ˾ͺˡ
һۣ۾΢΢߹һĨЦ⣺ôôϲء
ԽԽϲԽԽ
¶ǵıף㶣Ƭ̺ȻŵҲбŮ˸̰ɣ
ȻûС
覵ϵЦ⡣ûоͺá
ҪǸұŮ˸̣ҪһƤ
硭ؽһ
ţ
ǻһֱһɣСʱһ˫۾ʵ
ЦЦȻ㻹ͱ˹𣿡
覿϶˵롣
ֻһ
þõһ
Ե˵ãҲûлᡣϲϱˣҾͰߣĶҲȥˡ
Ȼܺúᣬ֮Уܻ¶һְԵĸо
ϲְԵ
һ̵֧̺ܿ꣬ڲ̻Ҹﱻһ죬˵Ǽղ˵취ҾöС취ı׶˶ԡгͣ۸̫ߣ㲻ľҪ
覵ͷڴؿ㻹ǾôɹȽϺ𣿡
Լ湤ôܸ꣬һĽ顣
˵ͣҪʱ׳н籨ͼ۸񣬹ƲơĹ۸гȻԱ˵㣬ǸûбҪðôķգʱôһ£ȡô΢Ļر
ѾѸйϵ覷һ顣
覵ý㣬Ҳδؿţοڻصľϵ
ָݣԼѧڡ
ϣһ覲Ϥýϣ̫Σա
ʵѡǣ
ҡҡͷҶѡ
˵Ҳ֪Ǹб׶ˣǶ
ȴ˵ûд취￴ʲôŵ㡣
ΪʲôҪֻСѼѡһֻأ
һĬ
ķٵֱӵѽ취Ѿ벻ķˡ
ʵǳ취㻹бİ취𣿡
ͷЦЦ취ȷʵһ
Ȳʵʲô
ĺⰡ
ζؿʵˣҪôر磿
һ磬ǰôģ
һʳָҡҡĪ˵̡
͵ǰ츣ĻᣬƵôܻ
覾ؿڵһֻԱ
оԼֻ
оֵֹġ
̽ҪʲôرŸҽ
˫ֻأɳһƴүһ˵һ£Ҿ͸㡣
覵ʱ
ɳһߵϴѾ׹ˣ
һ͵Ϯ
ô
üϴϴΣΣģҪѧṫ˽һΪ˽飬һôΪ˹¡
覾ˣ޳ۡ
˳ˣå
˵һεĵһ¡
̧鶼ǼʱԵģܵ
˵Ǿδ޵ĹϵҪ޸ҵģǰһôˣ͵ϰˣҲԿ
覻ǲ
ĬĬҪǸ취ҲûϾԼķݣ
˵ɳվȥ
СѾͷβˡ
һƴȫҪӮһأͿܿá
覹Ȼżſɳϳ뿪Ͱ

һڶԸ⣬Ͳ
硫
һ磬ֵӴ˹ͷˡ
ôһ취İɡ
ֻǽŲ΢΢һ٣ͼȥ
취Ҫ֪ƾҪ
һ£ղű򿪵ķžžһºϡ
ؿķţе㲻Լ۾
뿪⼸꣬ôåƢأ
ʲôƾҪѽƾ׵ı
Ҷǳˣô˼
-

67Ƥ

ԼһȻһ
һⲻô
ߵűߣһֲʧ˧ƣ̧֣˷š
ʱ쵽ˣҪȻط׼ˣ
һ򿪷ţľôһ仰
ĴʹһִϿ覡
ôһʱ䣬ΪԼ͸ءż뿪ѽ
覿ĳ̧ǰ˻ӡ
磿ʲôأ
Ŀ֣ʵ治֪Ǹ취
СѾͷôִе㲻ְ
ףʲôã̳СѾͷ󷽣ʶֶ
һ㲻ã̫йоˣ
Լһ£ȵ컹ѣ
ȻӦ֤֤ûô֢ˡǵģúõһˣһôˣֲ⡣
ԽԽԼơ
覵ͷСٵ֪Ǹ취Ҳܳûٰ
һҪһڵģⲻˣåô
ǰҪǻ˱ˣһͺȥ
ĬĬǳû٣Ͳһô򵥣ǻ˯һˡ
Ȼǲ˵ڵġ
Ӱ¶ǹΰ
ͷʵǲǺߣ
򴽣˵
׷ʵǲû飬Բϰߣ
覵̧ͷʵϰ𣿡
֮ǰǱû׵ĹϵͻȻҪĲϰߣ
ܸо֮䣬еֵֹա
Ҳڻûд¶Сδ޵ȥԲһʱ֮䲻ܽҪ
ȴ󷽷˵ϰ߰ǳϰߡ
ѳڣҪջؿ϶ˡ
޵ҧͷ
ʲôܡϰߣ
ܶ
һڷ͵Ϯʱ򣬲ôӦ֣
ǣˣ
˫ֻʵٸŮ׹
ûУɴϵҡͷ
覣ô꣬ӦüƯŮɡ
ûƯ
΢΢ףҲ˵ȷˡ
һ㶣Ǻץסص㣬ص㲻ƯôܵŮܶȥأ
覼˵׹ŮĶϰѽ
ҡͷϰΪƤ񣬲ߡ
Ƥ񣿡
覾ôŵĽ㶼õĳ
˵֮䣺ˣҪѧƤġ

ͼƤȥɡ
ת뿪޺޵ҧһС
ʲôѽ涼Щʲôˣ
߳췼Էûã׷
ʵʲô
˫ֲ嶵Ȼ˵طݰ
ӷģȻҲøͻȥ
˵ãղһҼס·ˡ
ǣ˧ĲҪ
ǲãͲס͡
޳ûߵ覵ǰ档
覸ʵ磬Ϊʲôôѽ
СֻҪԼߵʱʲô鶼ﻤ
żˣåһе㲻⣬Ǵʲô濴Ǻܺõһˡ
Ϊһ磬Ϊһˡ
ıӰӲͦЦһʵҪ𣿾ͳ㣡
紵㷢̧֣ͷ۵
ͳ㡭
仰ˣǽĵķ塣
СѾͷûиͷʵôˣ
վԭûж
򴽣ѵղ˵ˣ
ȻʼһһζԼղ˵Ļ
ÿһ䶼ǡôƺûкðĴʾ䡣
ˣ
˵ˣҽ
ˡ
üôˣ岻
˵ʱܴĦ˼ָоúܲ
磡
ţ
߹ȥż⣬һ¡
ѵ˫ϣһƬëִëûеů
һ˲䣬۾ˡ
ĺ˹϶ȼһѻ
Ӽſˡ
ףˡ
ˣ
û׼ãͽˣ
㶵ؿԼǰСѾͷΣû뵽ôͻȻ
覵˫ֲ΢΢
һ£վ촽
Ҳôѡ
Ȼ覿˵׹㿩
һĭͷšף׹ˡ
ӯӯһЦԭҲвڵʱ򰡡
㲻˵ϰ𣿡
-

68

нӣô°ţ
Ŀ⣺߹ԼĶ
һ㶣ʲô
㲻ġ
תǰߣڶ߬ȭͷ˹
覸󣬲˵㶼û˵ô֪ҲҲ̫˰ɡ
˽㡣
覾죬ܾҪ˽һ£
Ѿ·ͷһۣĬһӣƺھᡣ
һ̣覺Ȼѹ·ŵһô
ײϴֲڵɣЩۡ
һ£硭
۾һһ䣬ظһңҾ˯㡣
覣
Զԡ
˵ǶԵģ˽Լ֪ôɫĻ϶ѡ
Ѿ˵ˣʲôķӦģ
ŵĻһϯ覱ǼĿ
Ȼס죬üͷ
һ㶣ɿԼѹס֣ŵôˣﲻ
һƿĻۡһѽϳԵķȫ˳

һžԼθĸоЩˡ
Ȼͷ͵治Ϊ˵˯Ҳµģ

覼ĬʱһԼ˵ĸо˵ĶЩʲô߰Ķ
һ£θĶˣҲ
ͳһ־ݸ˽ʹ
š
һ㶣ţ
Ϊ˵ʲôأʲô˼
еѿŵζͷθôűӻЩ
췼Էﲢûлʱá
·ȴ˲ٻŵζθ͸ƺӿһܵĺܡ
סڱǣǸεؿվ
üôˣôԻ㷴θһ㶼á
֪Լοûϵģһ㻱ôЩԺʹˣ˵ˣһܳԡ
ǰǿû޺޵һš
һʲôãһЩƻ
һߵĲᣬĵӵķꡣ
覶е㲻⣺ǻ磬ûлŸְɣ
ȸԺ﷢ˣǵðЩ˲ɣȫ軻
㶣⻹ûڱǰأô

Ȼ˵ãһƮˡ𻨰ɣʱ򻹿ҡ𻨸أá
˵棬Ҳûк⻱ӣĵ׵Ҳɨƽ
˼ҷݣʲô뵽Եȥˣ
覽˵Ч󻯡
̧Դϵһ£飬ȥݰɣȻһҪæˡ
覵ͷ첽ȥ
ͷһĻ
覻طԺûжֱӾ뿪ˡ
ͲƼҲˡ
ڶμ̲ס覣Ǹѽ
覲ڻش⣬ǷʵΪʲô
Ǿܹ㡣
ˣҸ硣
ôǣ覽Ǹ˺üθأ
鲻ؿһۡ
Ǿ˵ôҴţ΢һ£Ҳ̫С˰ɡ
ʱ˱ƮƮ³һ䣺ˡ
һ㶣һҪϴ̡ѡһϴ̨ϣһǡ
һæ룬üͷ
ƼһۣͷϴԼĲˡ
һѾĵˣҲˣɴҲˣתʵˣôأ
գգۣˣȻϲôоôС
ٲȻ˵Ҿϲ磬ܵ
΢΢һЦҵ飬ܸӦùĹĹˡ죬һǮ
˵꣬ͷ˱ϼһʡ
һ㶣ͷǸһǵֶ̣ٵһ
覲ŵĻ飬ת˺
Ĳˡ
ܿ꣬òǡǸ˵鸾ɣ
観ҲƯᱻ˿ϣʵ̫ˡ
ƲƲ죬ǿôʲô˲ġ
ҵ͹ȥˣŲٴСƷأ
-

69²ݿ

ﲻʹ죬ϴĶ
Ƽ״ѵ㣬ôϴͷ붼ˣ
鿴һۣû˵Ҫܣ
״εҡҡͷת߻غԺ˵飬ԽԽС覰㲻˰ɣʡԺ°
Ҳ΢΢ͷ
飬ǼȻӦһµڣͲܷڣȻͷҪ˻û¾Ͳˡ
ö˻Ҫõġ
ȻӦһµڣֻҪ鲻ʱֳ̫飬ѻߡ
㣬֮ǰ˵ҪѧôЦЦҽ㿴˲
˲
ǰ붼鰡
ţֲˣȽ㿴˱ѡ˵̲꣬ˡ
Ǹ覰زҴҴ
ֱʵôˣ
ôǸڽֿڵ˰
˵лȥˣ˼ҲҪɣǷſڣˡá
Ȼһʼܾ󣬵ǻݵ·ϣҪ֮£ǴӦˡ
˵˵ţȻŤͷ
㲻ͦǸ˵ôôȻˣ
ʣʡҹﻹأһȥ˵꣬һˡ
覶ӣźߣᵽһ˿һζ
Ƿ˼ǲʲôǲ֪ԼܹܲԼһء
ϾйһŮˡ
Ϊ˵ûȥ׼緹Ҳûл췼Էȥ
ֻû뵽ûлȥȴˡ
һСг
һɲʯ·ĥһ̶ʱڵڶˡ
Ѿûпˣֻ
һ̧ͷͿ֧ڵϣ˫ְŤͷ
ϳ
ȥĶ
ҡҡгϵĿǰ˵㲻ǸôôǸŵԵʱˡ
˵ôһ磬ȻԾѹϣ˵Ҫ˯һĻ
ǣå
̫´ߴٵŸʲô벻֪Ľ취ˣ
룬˱ûطã߳˷ݡ
µгʵĶŪг
˵·ϸġ
㲻гôûг
ǸСγ粻ô
ͻȻŪ˸гҲˣصǣг۵ĹְʮСгһ
šܲϰ߰
˵㲻˵ҲҪγôҾͻгˡûоøܽӵ
˵ԼˡǶô΢һ˰
ĬĬгӵˣ
еļͥһӲһĶأǿĴ֮һ
Ҳгӵ˰ɣһ㶼Ϳڵ
վڵ첻ߴٵ㰡̫ºɹġ
س˹ȥԼгһۣȥ
㣬ҿ꣡
ץס覵ֻԼϣ˵Ŀ죬ץˣ
һţгꤾת
˺ܿʧڴˬķĶϴָ覵ա
ôı󣬺Ȼ֮䣬һȵ춼ˡ
ʱµгһߣ覼ҪˤȥæȰ㣬ҿҪˤȥˡ
ˤȥȱң㱧ûĻʱ
˵꣬½µĽ̤壬覶ϵķˡ
гжǿ죬ʮԺ覾ͺĿĵء
覴г̧ͷ˿·ƣ·
·ѾڽǽˣڱϵĶߡط覴ǰڱǵĵͼϼǵһ
ʵ
դ۵гǣ覵֣·ȥ˵г
һ㶣Ҳгô֪
һʱˣڱǵ鶼Ĳѽ֪·ﻹһƬг
ѧ覵˵һ䣺ô֪Ҫ֪ˣõŸ𣿡
覵һ죬ѧ˵
Цһɫ̰һ仰вݿ꣬ûУ
-

70±

˵̰֮һ˵һط֮ǰһҪط顣򿪵׳Կ
ƵĸԻкܶ࣬ʲôһʣԱ족С壬סⶼ̰ĸԡ
ÿ̰ﶼԼļԣ̼ڵ̰Ҳ⡣
覻֪ЩҲǵž˾ѧ̵ʱѧġ
͵ؿһۣ˵֪Ļͦࡣ
覹սһԵĽֿڣһһ׵гͻȻ˳
ۼֿ죬Լһ˳ӡ
覵ıײϣе΢΢ʹĸоŵһɵûŹˮζ
ڵǸ˳ȥһЩˮ
Ҳ˶ôϸƽûµʱҲˮϾǮǵĵһĿġ
ͦš
гԶȥǣ֣ߡ
˵֮ǰҾѾѼкͱǵҵгйصϣڱǣұ˽⡣
ȻҪǿⳡͲܴ׼ս
ʲôʲôطĵؼˣ˼иЩʲôȫ
ǰӣһת䣬覾Ϳһټгǰ
ֲͣĵط־гڡ
гĸɫҪӶѡ
Ϊ˵гһЩתСгû뵽гһҲڴг
˵гһǰոģ֪˲࣬ĶۣȴгҪ˲١ĶеһҲû١Ҫҵڿߵг
Ҫ˲٣ǲ
覾ôطģ
ϸֳһĨЦ⣬ͷ˵ôֵĲҪֻҪˡ
覸г̫ߣʱ뵽һֱν⣬ֻҪҶ˰취ô򵥡
磡
ţ
Ťͷĵؿ佱̫ˣ
Լ·
ǵȻ
СѾͷ˲ɣ
˵߰ɣȥ
Сζϴ󼸸ǷŽںãŸĻ
ƼϴԺ󣬾Ͷ˵ҶӽȥҽԺ飬һҪȥҽԺȻˡ
ͷȥɡ
Ƽˣߵ˵Ļ¡
һۻ飬ʵʲô
ЦЦ̽覵ٰ֪
һ㶣ϵ顣
ôö˶覵
Ǻܶࡣ˵ֻµһ򹤵ŮˣµģҴʡ
ʲôдʰϰ飬˽ЩûлǴһ㶼ϵ
˵ҿ覺ĸܺã֪Ӧúܶɣ˵˵£
˵ֻǱһʱѣ֪ҲࡣǸܺõĹֻҪã£Ҳͬġ
úɨˣǰɣ˵ֻЩ
üȻ㻹˵ʲô
Ȼ˵˼İ԰
˵ѵͲ棬ôأôǮڱǿһҷݣûҴأôǮ
ͷҲļãǮ
覵ļмܲദ
ǵ÷ݸտһ죬иŮ˴űˣǸŮ˿װͰ͵ģһǷӡ
Щ֮ǰ覽һ˶壬ЩӦþ覵ļˡ
覴һôãҲѧ˲ٶͺñȶЩ㲻εˣͲܰԼ֪Ķȫ˵Է
ֻǼ˵һ䣬ûϸ˵
ǻȴһϻһ㣬ϲ˵ҿŲǼǮŲŮأ統ǧ𱦱ˡ˵ˣôûѽ
üе㲻ˡ
죬ÿ춼°磬覼֪٣
ˣҲδϰɡ
ʲô֪£ɻȴһ㶼ģ
鿴˵ΪĬԼ뷨Ǹ޼ɵ˵ҿڱǿ꣬Ѳ˹ϵ
Խ˵Խףüʵʲô˼
һ׳һЦʲô˼ôͲأ˼覿ܾǱˣ
-

71µȻбҪ

һ˵Щ
͵һӣŭ죬˵˵ʲôأ
ҲôõһôÿĶЩ߰飡
鲻ؿϸüë
㼱ʲôѽ˵ֲ㣡
ǺҲô˵覣
ôõһôܱôۡ
ǻ鲻Լдʵ˵˵ûд
˵Ͳ覣覸Ͳˣ
⻹˽Լ۾
˵Ǹͷ覵ˣһǸǮĴ˵Ǯ￪ģƯͷֺã˼ǮˣҲƭһ쵽֪ˡ
ˣָŷ˵ھ͸ߣ覻һЩ飬覣
һҪܣɫ˲Ͱˡ
Ǳ˵죬Щ͸覡
ûҵҪ覸Ĺڷأ
ʱôС£˽˵˵ͺˣ覸ﰡ
黹ߣ͹ȥߣҽˣԲ
ֵ覵ķݣƾʲôҰŲĻһأɿɿԼߣ
鱻˷ݣݺݵһֱϣ˵úø˵飬װʲôҾͲûЩ£
ĻҲˣȥΪ˶һеû¸ɣû¾Ϲϰѽ
߳ŭаҪҪСȥɣҲŲ㡣Ҹ㣬ˣԺ쳤ģ
ٺ˷ϻֱӴˮͷһˮŻ˹ȥ

ˮ˵ٲߣҾͳã
յ߾ߣʲô˲ѽ
һ߽˷
ȻԼеĺܣϵ·ŭŷݣ˵ңǴ򹤵ģʲôѽ
ת뿪߼Ϳһ˳Сζ˹ȥ
һǸ˹Ȼ߽˷
˸ۣû뿪ĵس˻ȥڷ͵
հˮŵϣһ˾˽
̧ͷһһ¾ϳǰˡ
һǸҪ˵ǵĲ̫̣覴Ǹ
ʵʲô
Ц˵ݵĳӰɣҽзҲġһˡ㲻õģûж⣬һר̸ġ
ûʵҺʲô̸ģ
˸Ͳ죬ôƽԼ˵ڣǼ鼴˻ֹһûʲô˼
һ˫۾ڷתûԼһӣ
ղ˸ݵϰո뿪ˣץʱ̸ء
̧ͷ˵𼱣֮ǵȻй̸ˣ˵һ׮ùأ
гȥ·ϣʵΪʲôۣȴг˺ܶࣿ
˵гƬضͬһ˵ģˣʤڵضκã̶ҪǮ϶ҪȥɡǮ
˵Ȼڻļ۸
ԣгȴгҪˣҲͻŽ
覲ôһгеǮĻᣬûҪλŪúܵͰɣ
׵Ǯ
ȴ˵ȻбҪΪгͷϰʹгͷϰгŻгĿľǰ
һ㶣ԭ滹ŸĽء
ĽǸʵʵĺôɽˮ·һ壡
覺ʵ֪֪гͷĴϰ˭
Ŷ̼ҡ
һ㶣
гҲ̼ҵģ
췢ģĲ֪
쳣Ƴһۣ˵ʲô̼ҵġ
覿ǰվ׷ʵ̼ҵĶͷ˭ôŪһгģ
ԼǰԼߵСѾͷʵʲôˣð̼ҶԸǾҪԸ̼ң㲻гˣ
-

72¸ɵúã

ҡͷȻǣǵľʲôϵ
ʵ㲻Ҳ̼ҵô
˵һ׶θһ׶ε飬ҪӮֻǰľȻĻ۱˾ȥ˵ˣڻ̼ҵˣ̼Һ˭ҵ£Ҳܲˡ
ңҲ뵱̼ҵˡ
Ǹңûκεĸ顣
ʵһ죬ӮⳡˣΪ̼ҵļ̳ˣôԸǸˣ𣿡
ʼ磬ֵ̧ͷϵ̫˵֪ʱ˵ɡ˵˵ȥǸ̼Եˣ˭
̧Ϊ˵̫һһ˵
ҡ
һ㶣㣿
һȦ⣬ǻصϡ
ôǸأ
Ƕðôڶ̶̵ʱŪһôг
ԲԣڲӦûԼ˶ʵǸ磬ȷѰг˵ô
Ҳ̫ǿˣ
ʵΪʲôҪô
˵̼Ҷ㲻á
ж覲õģǺг
ԶǵãСʱ̼ҾͶܲáǲҪ覡
ƾʲô
ôõһŮǱðǻƾʲôһһƾʲô
̼һ
ı
ʲôʱֻҪ֣ͻΪͷ
ΪԼ飬
˫ۣҪϿһر
ȻĿˡ
覣رġˣ
ЩԼ۾¶ǱȻҪõЦݣȷ˵һ£ĸˡ
観һĴָɵúã
Ϊͷôܲˡ
һ㶣㡭û°ɣ
˫ֱ󣬶˵Ҳϲ̼ҡ
ʵģ
ȻǣֻҪ㲻Ҹ˵дѹһǺ޳պڱϣ̼ҽдġһΪŶ
˵ޱ棬̼ЩĹεĶҪʰˡ
ֻڻҪӮÿˣҪǰ飬Բû֡ˣܰ
Цû̼ҴѹȥԺӮ˿ˣ̼ҽֹҲһûõ̯ӡ
˭ԸҪһ̯أ
ȴʵûӮ˿ˣôԴҽֵ̼Ҳҵ
ʵôԴ
ʱģųһ̧ǳҪ貵۾³֡
ٵ
ڵõ̼ҵһԺ󣬽еĶ׻ٵȻشĶ뿪ط
̼ҵЩ˻صһеʱǺúûһԼʱӡ
ǺڵأǺú÷˼ԼΪԲĻᡣ
ڣȰˣȻҪˡ
̼ҵʱ򣬰һɾҪ׵Ķˡ
ƽ˵ֵʱҲɵظһ
ʱ˵Ļδš
ǵƽأһһظ߱Ҫʲôʱ飬ٷ֮ٻȥ
˵Ҫ̼ңǾһ̼ҡ
һУûʲô
ϲǣзâֻܱԼ
̧ͷѽģֻСãصǣᱻ̼ҵ˸̻ˣû뵽ֻ⬣Ϊ˰˶顣
覵СԴһЦе˵ұͲʲôֻ࣬ǿȽϹѡ
˵Ŀʵ˭үͷԣһŻƭ˵
ǣƵ
ҶΪֻӣ룬ֻꡣ
覿һۣȻ˷ܵ˵гĴϰ壬ڣϰҵͼ۸ǲǾͻŻһ㰡
΢Цţ󷽵ģһһٵģ֡
ᡣ
Ϊʲôɻ
ѵһ㱡ֺ
ڴϰǰı氥ԺջĶһܿɹ۵ģǸ˶ôɫɣ
ƳһۣΪǲ֪Ǳϰ塣
Ȼ֪ϰ壬Ǳֶ޴̸ˡ
һ㶣ǩ⻧ͬʱѵûڴǰ¶
һҲҪѧ͵
һ飬ŲҪ͵Ҫͱ̼һ
-

73Ҳ

覱߱ȻⱣܴʩĹԵѽ
覼ǰߡ
õʲô취覶ڴԺĽ
ͬʱЩġ
ֻƴ˰꣬ĿӮ̼𣿲ô˵̼ҶǴ̶ʮˣ˵̼ҶһǿĶְɡ
覻ͷ˵磬Ϊѵʱ򣬾ͲҪټˡ
ԸȻҲǴĵ￪ĵġ
ҲΪԼƴһС
ֻҪܺԼǶԸõˣڸ飬òġ˵ţץסļһת˵ˡ
һСС̼ңȻ¡
Ὣ̼Ҵѹ͹ȣ̼Ҹһʲôеľٶһ顣
覵ļ˵ǰںʵĵ̣Լȥҡ
Ѿ·̵ˣʣµ飬ԼԽ
覶ЦЦתг
վԭصµ켸ҪˣأĶͷϳһϸܵĺ
һһֱֵܣͳ󣬻һˡ
ү⡣ӽġܵ
⿴ʮӣģС㰫һͷе㷢
һһ׼׮ӡ
Ƴһۣ̺һ̵ߣ첻̸⡣
Ҫ̣ûеš
һûˡ
һˣæӿڴͳǰ
Ҫ̵ָʱ߶Ѿһ̸ˡ
һ㶣ˣҲҲǵġ
ȻջԼĴ˵үڽ˵Ĵˡһξר̴ӽ̸ġ
Ĺά䵭
˵ˣ첻̸⡣
ٴα˻ֲô䳡ֺõүڵ˰ɣȵʱҲûбǾ̸䣬ү͵ʱˡ
¶ֲͷɫŤͷʵ֪ҽ観ǸʲôΪʲôң
ֵζ
ͷ˵үҶġ֮ǰͺ̫̫й
Ȥӳ죿
ͷǡǺӳ죡
̧̣Ϩˡ
ͺӳˣôˣӦ֪Һͺӳ죬һֱˮݵĹϵ
ҾүҶˣһţ˵ӳǸŮ̫ˣһҲ˵壬ҿϳ˴
˵ʱӦñֳԸǢ̸Ըˣ˭֪ȴ˵ûա
һĻٲм١
⵹ǺϵҲУȫӾүʱ䣡
ôԶľ룬ˣһʱ
Ƴһۣ˵㣬Ҽ̸֪Ҽҵĵصɡ
֪֪ϲЦտֻҪүԸ̸ͻлء
⿴һΧгүһҲдҪ̸ɣ
ûС
ʵǾүΪ˿죿
̰һ仰ʲôݿ꣬ԲƽȥһطȻΪ̸⣬һΪ˿죡
Ȼ˵Ϊϱ
һ㶣ڽû˵ү鰡
үˣǽ϶ֵ÷зġôƽɡ
˵δޣҲޡ
˵飬ûء覵Ͳ͸Լ֤ˣ
ʱ֪ļҵĹﰡ
˵ļң϶õġ
ѡˣ϶ûбܱȵù
ٺЦûүһôѽ
Ǿүæˣ㣬һ׼ʱүҰݷá
˵꣬Ť˫ȣС뿪ߡ
뿪ԺŶʵɿ𣿡
˵ɿ֮ǰˣںӳһͷǸүʱ򡣡
˳֪ˡȻȥɡ
׼뿪һһͷĺת˻ݹȥһ
үһͷĺɡ
ؿݹԼĿڴҲͳһ顣
ҲС
һ㶣ȻУүʲôð
ǿɻЦе˵ҪԼ˺һ観ˣܸҲ𣿡
-

74ҵģ

Үүüթ
Ϊ˺С׽үʲô鶼ɵĳˣ
ֿһʵ㻹ȥȥȥһҪˣǣ
ֵǺˬһëǹؼʱûɫ
ˡ
У߻ô
үֻͷһ
ʵʲô£
¶һЦݣףӡ
漴Ҳ¶˼Ц⣺ǹʣ
ûһӰʧг
ԭص˴Сʱ覲г
ϹŵЦݣ״ɡ
ӦҵԼң̸ˡ
Ȼǰ˵˵ˣ
۾˵ǽ⣬ǸȵĶˡ
覿ͷ󺹣üôһֱվǱ߾ǸأŶá
ǲǷͿˣô򵥵ĵ
һ㶣ɵ㲻𣿡

ŶԶԶԣĺûᡫ
Ȼ覰ϵĿڴ˸顣
Ǹεؿҡû

ڶе˺ĳ嶯
óһܽ飬ҲԼ¡óܲˡ
ҧʵѾô𣿡
覵ͷ߽µء
ôȵ죬඼챻ˣЬӲȥеճճĸо
覱ǱӷʱģüרŴϡ
˵Ҳû뵽Լ컹Ҫչҵ񰡡
һջûԼĿڴó
תгȥԹ˵㶼㶼ǶԵġ
ףôСԹʣ
ȻͿıϵһƬˮ̫ȣĺˮʪϵѡ
㶣뿪ĵطɵɵĵ˺ܾð
һһظ磬ѩ⣡
Ƴһۣ˫ֲڿڴקĶ򣬿ǰߡ
綼ˣʲôѩ⡣
ʮӺгСſڡ
һɫıվСſڵµгѽ
ʱѩˮģ˱һ˱ܰɫغˮµıͻ͸
Ҳ̫ܳһıǡˬ
ıѾûжζˣȻĿͲԾƮϳһţѩϡ
𰡣
覶ʱ¶һޱȲõЦݣ硫
覲վţĺͷһۡ
յǳεСԾذѩٵø߸ߵġ
ҵģ˽˵
覣
򣬸ղ˭˵Եģ
ڶѩ⵱ԼĶˡ
˵Եģ
ѩѸҧһڣѸپٸߣ覰㳢ʵĻᡣ
ζѩ⣬һ˵ҵģ
һָ֤Ҿͳһڣ
ҡͷУѾһˡθ׸ⶼܶԣһѩ⣬Ѿˣ
覵һ飬ʲôԼҲԺòã
Ұҵİ㣬İң
ͷһǽ͸İС飬ҡͷܾҪ
һһڵĳѩ⣬²۵Сô㶼һ׷ˣȻһѩⶼ÷һڣ
һ
ﲻһ
˵ԼģҪȫ㶼С
ѩ⡭̧ǰ˻Σҵġ
㶣ΪģͲҳʲô߼
ү߼
ԼĶֻҪҪȫΪʶľ覵ġ
覸Ķȴǲһġ
Ƕڡģһ˵ģܽκߡ
ѩ⣬ģ
ѩ⣬ְ̧ѩСǰͰ
覿Ǹѩᡣ
죬ԡ
ڴһѩǮȻУǶļͥ˲ȣҪʵĽơ
ָĵȻǳѩ⣡
覿Թ˵Ҷûζء
̫ɰˣ
-

75·˵

۵г֮ǰһ·гص˷ݡ
˵һ㶼ûеʱ䡣
г˵лл㣬ҽһ⡣
̧Ķͷᵯһ¡
ϵ
˵꣬ת뿪
覿ͣڷſڵгæס磬гҪ
ѽγ˹³Ϊ˳š
˽ȥ̽ͷ˵ˡ
ô
û˵꣬Ѿϳţﳤȥˡ
վ󣬻³֣
ŤͷʵǺǮ̸ĸо𣿡
ͷߣջһг
ǳӶ°үҲ̫谮ˡ
覵ͷͣſڵг֪Ц
һʼ;Ҫг͸ԼԲ۵ķɫϵ
һг˵Ȼʲô£ϾǮγˡ
Ϊʲôг
ѵ·ȥ췼Է̫ۣԲŸһ
˫ֲҲû
һ㶣԰ûг⳵ô£·һᱻ͵ߵġ
˵ҪȰԺɡͷװϣôµĳ͵ˡ
覵ͷʾͬ⡣
гӷſڿ˺СԺֹ֣ؿһۡ
覼״ʵ𣿡
ļ΢΢ͷûû¡
ЦЦҲʡǣһܲ˵ѵˡ
ûϵʱ䣬˼ѡ
覱ߣ˵һˣ׼׼ɡ
ͷҲ˺
һƼͻҲˡ
覶Ի֮ì֪ܲ飬ʱҲûбֳʲôһ̬ȣֻճ򵥵顣
ûиߣ֪ûа
Ӻʱüͷšһ
˵ô໵Ȼ
ȴӰ죬ʮеĵһۡ
ڲŲأ覹ϵЩҲһҪ֪Ͽİѱ
˸еʱ䣬ѻץʵ㻹ʲô˵Ļ𣿡
鷭˸ֲۣķݣ˵ҾͲǴ򹤵ģʲôϰס
תƵ󣬸ҵ˵ΪҲ֪㱳ɵ£Ȱҿ㣬ȻҾͰ覣
ʵҸʲôˣеöˣ
鲻мװɣʲôѾˣ˵ٺҲš
ʱ覴˽ʵ֮ǰ𣿡
æˡ
ֿ˻һۣʵʲô
͵ҸղŽ˼
ˣÿӣĴӺ˳ȥ
ҲߣȻס֣˵覣ҡ
ʵʲô£
Ѿڶǰֳŵˣǣе
زҴҴ˵ҽе绰˵ڣڻ顣
Ҳһ仰УǾ°Ժ˵ɡ
һæµվڷſڣһ·ٻɫ·ƣѷݵŹ
ͲƼѾϴˣ׼뿪覾վ˵ǽ켱Żȥ𣿡
һϰ˵⻰ˣȻû˼ߡʱҪˣǾǲϰӡ
һҡͷż
ЦЦãһ˵˵ɣܾá
˶һ㶣Ҫ죿
ƽʱĻȻ࣬Ҳر٣ٺͱġ
ǲ˵ǵڵ鰡
˵Ķе㷲һµڣⲻǻûô
һ£ȻǷݣһֱɨĺܺãҲ塣
һӺ߳ˡ
һͲƼˣվ㶡
ˣɣ㲻лҪ˵𣿡˵˲ϲµ˲Ҵţʲôҳ촰˵
ȻƽʱǰûаףҲûԼǸϰ顣
ıﻹǸˣܽԼԱʵںͷһĻ֮䣬顣
Ȼ˵仰־ͽʵһ
-

76ҿԽ͵

覿վĲٴ˵
һǸʵġɡͬһε֣Ųݾܾϡ
ȷֻʮͷⲻǸӡ
ǡǡ෴ΪʱЩľһڹļͣǿ䣬ǳԷֵǿƵǡ
Һú˵ʱԸ⾡ƽȵһġ
ףΪ̫ݡ
ƤӵŪЩеûģϲҲݡ
ͺñȵˤȴ߸Ƽʱ͸棬Ƶ鷢Ȼദ
ǽ飬ƺֻǺͻأҲǣУҪô¡
һα̬ȶԴһ֪ͨͨ覴һ۸ˣֻǿȽ˳ѡ
˵﹤Ҳһʱˣ˱ȽشҵԸԽһ̸̸ʲôҪЭ߰ģҿ֧֡ʲô˵ģҲǸûᡣҽߡ
һ˵̫ٷһһ㶵ġ
˵߹۲ÿһϵı顣
Ƽɫʱûбֳһ
ͻ飬˵ƮƮġ
̧ͷһ۹ǽϵӱ˵Ҹÿӵʱɣʱ䲻ʵӳͰʹСʼ˵̰̣
Ƽ̧ͷ覡
ڴǰԣôţԵеִ١
ԼĴ˵Ҿһжãûɶ˵ġ
ϴΨһĹÿãҵݹôѹե˵ϰ壬Ѿˡ
˵ǰҲûϹ̸Ͳ֪Ҫ˵ʲôġǼһһ仰͵ͷȻĬĺһľ׮ӡ
ϵ˲ƼӦҲŤͷʵأ㣿
촽ϵʼ
Ŀͻ֮ƣ״ȻЩ
òİ˵覰ɣ
˺ð죬ۿӵʱ䶼ȥˣͷ˵鲻
㶣ЦΪʲô
ƼȻҲû뵽ƽʱº͵һھôйԵĻ
Ȼ覰ѻ鿪ˣ
֮䷢ʲô
ƯСһףſҪ˵ͱֵ̧סһרʱ䣬˵ꡣ
鲻ѱͣҧ
ҪǸҰ覣˷룬Ҳù
֧Դ˵˵ɡ
˵磬˵㻵
üΪ˵仵ҪԼѻ鿪ˣ
ɺûʲô˵ԡ
ʵûˣ
һ㶣覵ķӦΪʲôôƽ
˵㲻֪;ү뿪ݵʱĻ˵Ŀˣﲻˣ
װͰ͵ص֮ǰſƯСڿһжûˡ
覻ĿƵ˻ϣ㶼˵ʲôˣ
鲻ѵؽ͵ҾǺ˵˵ģ
ŵ΢Цһ˫۾ȴģûĵëëġ
ʱȻЦȴ֪Цʲôˣֲ
Ϊûйһأһظ㣬˵ʲôˣ
ͷ
ĻҶϰ嵱˵
һ˵˵㱻үˣ˵Ǻ˵Ǯķݣ
ؿ΢΢ţΪ覸еߡ
Ҳǣˣ覸һݹ鲻м覣ڱҽӣ˵ôĻ
ôô֪ôˣ˵˲
˵ⷬؿŻ飬û˵
ôĻҲ˵ĳڣ飬һĻҪ
ǶǲҪʲô۵ģڮٵֲԼֻҪԼ˵ˬܱ˻ΪЩܵʲô˺أ
û̧ͷȥ覣ȴܸܵϵƵĿ⣬̵ľ
ˣǲǾͱסݹˣ
ǿɲУûҵûһءͲһҵˣ
ŵ覣ҿԽ͵ģ
-

77´˲С˹

ŻżΪԼĻޱؿʹ˵ðһ͡
죬һ仰Ҳû˵
ղ覿˵ʱֻҪһ͡
ǵ׵شӦԸ͵ʱȴʲô˵ˡ
Ϊûʲôɽ͵ġ
ĬĽ𣿡覿˵ʵ
֪ȥˣæץס覵֣е˵覣˵ЩûжġҾеĵʱϹô䣬ʹ˲С˹˰ɣ
˵˼лô˵ˣӦòΪЩСºƽϵģ
覼ƽˣҲ̫Сˣ
˵֮ǰҲƭˣһֻҪֵٳϿһ㣬Ҳһģ
覰ؿŻǸеģû˵
ļŮһʱ覵˼
ǰ覵ʶһֱһͦ˵ˡȻ¿ҵĵǸˣӦҲһֱͻȥ
ǽϣ覵ıֿȴ֣ˡ
ˣǻƾ͵ñ˰ɡ
ã覷ʵ飬֪Ҽ꿪ʼűѧ𣿡
һ˫۾ˮģܳγͺɾϪ
һ˫γ˫ۣ˿ʱ˵ѻ
ҡҡͷһ˫۾Ĵߡ
ֻ覺˵Щʲô
ʮꡣ˵
һ㶣Ȼܶʮ˾Ѿˣʮ;Ϳʼѧ⣬Ҳ̫ˡ
һֱԽ̸ûʲôȤĲƼҲ̧ͷ覡
ǿ観ôƯһֱǰǽģûйʲôӡû뵽һĹﶼҪؿʼԼ
˵˾һҺĴ󷹵꣬ͨ˵ǮҲ˵ǮҸո˾ѧĵһ꣬¾˾ʲôˣ
Ƽ̲סʵʲôˣ
һڣƼԼסˡ
Ϊֻһˣ˶ųĬǴǵУҲԿĺ档
̯˵ʲôҲû
Ҷؿôʲôûأ覵ľ˾˿̫СԲ̫ࣿ
һʲôûѧ
˵ûҸκѧݾӪĵҲûнϤʳģûϤ˵ÿҪֻһڴ󷹵ſڣסÿһĿ˵ص㡣˾ʱʱͻҴĸϿʲô˵ˣ˾˾ͻңȻڶ
ƼԾɱųĬĻˣջԼʵΪʲôҪЩ
覻شǾ˾˽ϵĵһڿΡˡ
׼ΪУΪ˾ץѵһꡣ
˾˵Ĵ󷹵ʲô˶ֹ
ڴ󷹵ָпյģмģҲнƻֱġ
һֱ꣬Ҳõľ顣
֮ȡõκγɹ벻һµľ顣
֮пˣҲǼټ
覿Ż˵飬֪𣬿ı飬ҴŶܲ³ʲô
һ㶣ô
һںɣ
Ųأ
һֱ覵ĻʾɣֱǰʵǲǾãô˵ֻҪֿصǸͿˣҿҲôƭ֮ǰҲƭɹˡ
ˢһס
Լе뷨ôɾر観¶ڴǰоԼǱ˰Ǹɾ˷˿Цһ
촽ףӾ̡
ô֪Լƭˣ
ѵ֮ǰ˵Щѣ覶Ѿ͸ˣֻǲ
뷨ûȻоܺ¡
ǰԼܴƭϰ壬ϰǸܸɵˡڿͲƭϰˣϰĬĬؿϷѡ
Ŀ͸
ܰ
ʲôʱ͸ģ
ԽԽңֱ覰һһǰ
һΣƭ˵£æҾᣬӦҲǸ뿪Ҳã͵Ҳûн㣬뿴ı֡Ͼʶֺ֣ÿҪĺãԺרǮҲܡ
û뵽ôͳ˵ڶ⡣ƭǲ̰ˤģʱˮûմϣʱҾ;ʲУߡΪҴӦ˸һµʱ䣬һûаߡ
ǻ飬㶼ЩʲôԺ󣬾ֻ˵л𣿡
-

78˭㣿

ÿ˵һ㣬һ֡
ѾҲº͵Цݡ
覣̲ס˲˵һ䷴Ļ
ñ䡣
һ˵ˡ΢Ц˵ҵȷǱˡ
һԾ
վڷ⣬ûṳ̈ȥ
ü˼⡣
Լˣ
ô֪
ͬ⣬Ǻʹ˰
ϿɣǾԼ˵ˡ
ûнݣվ治ױֵĵطĻ
˵Һģҵ̫С첻֤ⲢҡҺܺãʲô򣬻ǵԵǡԺг͸ҵġ
˵һ󴮻覲΢Цʵôһôõˣôĺǻҡ
һ㶣죬ȴ˵ʲôͷתһߣһ˫ϵճȭͷؿ΢΢š
Цһ˵ôеûģΪòԼ𣿡
ĻһѼĵӣɴؽĵ׵뷨ʳ˿
覵ĻһУȻվʲôüʵģѵȥ𣿡
µΪĶһأ̶Ħ
ʵ˵̬ȣ
Ƽˣܲ˵˵һݹʲô˲ģһأڳ˵ģΪ±㿪𣿡
˵ŽϵΧȹһ˦ŮˣҲֻܿ˻ԼݣһëǮҲʣ
΢򣬸ղŻǳЦϣ˿Цȫޣһ
鱾ƹˤˣҲûʹ죬Բ˵ôЩĻ
û뵽覾Ȼһ㶼ûб΢Ц˵ðôϲ㣬ڿʼ㲻ҷԱˡ
覰ôɴ䡣
ĻһСɳһƬˮһϸСĲûܼ
һ㶣ǲ̫ˣ
ѵ˵ղž͵Լ˵Щ
ֻվߵ̨ߣӳóһЩǮ
֮ǰ˵ûڷɵҲһĹǮǡ
ڻȻҪߣȻҪ鴦ɾ
óڻһݹʣŵϵݸ
ǷˣϣԺڱĵطҵµĹѧ᲻ûµʱҽ
鿴ϵЩǮȻЩڡ
Լղһʱ˵ЩǻѾ˵ȥˣҪջǿ϶ˡ
ȻҪ߰
ĵײģǻô죿
ִɽ覸ĹǮ˵ǲӦõġʱ˵ҵǮûԣҡţҾͲٹˡ
ͷ㣬û
̧ͷֿվԱߵһۣĵĲʿʼ˵ҲΪķݾ̫ƽˡڣķݲΣأ
һ㶣Ťͷ
ɫˢף˵ʲô
鿴ȵӣ˵Ҹ֮󣬲ϰȥķﵱҿɶˣ
覰ԼˣҲù
ȻԼˣҲȥ
ĸϰܱܽڹԱͲ֪ЩԺ󣬻ܺȥ
˵꣬覾Ťͷ
̸ǣܶడ
ҵ˵覣ҽͣ
Цʲô㶼ӦǸϰ壬˵úÿˣҿ˶þͻ˰ɣ
⻰ƺͱģ覵üͷ壬ȻЩˡ
ԼĿģǮ뿪ˡڷſڣԺ˶һ¡
ǣǮڴһѸ뿪
覺һû˵
ƼҲû뵽ᳶæ˵һ䡮ҲȻȥˡԺ󣬴Ҵ뿪˷ݡ
ʵȥΪʲô˵
ԵЩ٣ע£ͨ졣
˵ţֻ˽˵û뵽Ƕˡ
覵ʳָϣһֻ֧°ʵ˭㣿
ƽղŵüԺֵĺ񲢲ô顣
ͷ˵һ˵ǵĲ̫̣㻹аλˡ
-

79ⲻӦõ

覶еӳ
ʱ򷴸˵Ժ󻹲˵ݵĲ̫̣Ȼһڣǰˡ
ʱ;Ǹˮû뵽黹ûȥ죬Ǹ˾͹ˡҪȥӣǽŰ
뷨֤ˣԷҲҪڴ￪һݣǽо
覿ʵ㿼ǵôˣ
ңһûǹڨڨ˵
濼ǿǰɡȴ˵
һ㶣̧ͷ㵵ؿ覡
˵Žܸҵʱ˵ʡǾΪ˹Ϻǰһܸõȥ﹤ҲϾߴߣѡ˱Ҳ
覡
ؿ覡
ûЩŭûЩͱ˵ʡ
ֻվһ͹۵ĽǶȣԼһѡ񡣺뿪Ҳúõؼꡣ
覲ȱôһ
˵е棬ʲô
ͷ˵ϰ˵ֻҪȥ¿ķݹһ¸Ҷʮ飬ܳס
˵Щոʱ򣬿ɰһ
ԷǮ
΢΢˵ͷȻҲûбıˡ
᲻úײǣҪ˹ȥǵµѪ
ʵ֮ǰӦĹǶţ
ʮ顣˵
򴽣ԣȿĹһ¶ʮ飬Ҫ˵ҪһʮǮĹʡ
û뵽һûѾҪȥһ¶ʮĸ߹ʡ
¶Ϸʮ㡣
覿˵ƽĶۣϰ㿪ܲˣҿܶ෹ĴӣһµĹҲʮ顣
㶣֪Ϊʲô覶Լ˵ֻܲ
覵ıȫϡ
Ϊ֪˷˵Ҫ߹Ժ󣬻˵һЩƵʲôǹʡһĻ
ʲôصĻû˵ֻԼ
վ첱ӣ˵ҲˣȻ췼Է˸ȥúÿǣȥϰǶǰһϾһһʱ䡣Ҵ̫־С
˵꣬ԼС˱нǮװȥ
ڷſڣ˻û뿪
üô
ǽ˵
һ㶣㾹Ȼ˵ô
°һ̧Ȼҿǰˣ
ôҲˣ
һˣ
覵һСϼ·ƲǺԲûнۼ
飬ֻüҴҵסĸ첲˵߰ɣȥԣ
ȴôŹȤĻ⡣
ǰߣͷ覵Ķʵ㣬һҪǮ
ܶܶࡣ
ٶҲ𡣡
εСӴ
߳һ·ԺʵҸгأΪʲô
һ㶣˵ͣںԺˡ
е㲻ˣΪʲôںԺϲ
˵ûг췹æʱ򣬸ܱ飬г͵ˣƵԺˡ
˵ǵ
覺ȻʵѾҳѽܷģΪʲôҪң
˵֮ǰҪһأ̸ˡã㡣Ҳҹ磬졣
ȻҪһԭ򣬻⡣
ѴѴѵʱ仨覵ϡ
ԼҪæ޲ÿ춼ߡ
ѾԼ⣬Ǹϰ壬ߵͷһ
Ǻһʱȴ
Ҳ覵
˵ղ˵ЩĻסǸ㡣
覻ͷһתʼڽϵߡ
˵Ҫ˵ûסҾͲҪˡôѡɣҲǿҲûֹһȥõĵط
ȴ˵ķʱһӣ»ְܼɡ
һ˵һɨ·
Զĵطһľǡ
Ŵȵ֮ǰסԱһ࣬ܿΣա
覽ŲһͣͷŽűߵľǣһ˫صʵ˼ֵ⣬ҽ𣿡
ҲػشⲻӦõ𣿡
߷һĨЦ⡣
Ŷá
-

80¸

췼Էߣһ·覵Ϊһ䡮ⲻӦõ𡯶ʮ졣
ǰһֱóһ̬·ıյġ
ӰЦЦ͵ĹӦеӡ
ڽ췼ԷС֮ǰ覵ĽŲʶһͣ
һֱȫעע⵽С
ŵķ˹ȥ
ֵĽֿڣһô
ҹɫµĴһҲûа컨ҷʱˣһֻضںҹĹĵעҹÿһˡ
ҹ紵ɳɳҶ˵ҪͣͣǰˣᱻҳԵŶ
͵һҵǱһֻסһԺؿڴȵš
Ұ㣬Ұˡ
Ժղ͵ôһ仰
һĪĿ־壬ɭúҹʮʱ򣬰׹ǹιײİ˵϶һ㼦Ƥ
һ˫ֲԾؽգٽգֱָݽҲһ㶼ۡ
ǰһô忪ʼ΢΢ز
һĪĿ־忪ʼĵӡ
ʲôµĶȻѡ
ѹĶջɳΪһµƵϢޱߵ
ֿ־ֵҲ߽ǿôһȥһΣĵԺĺײһȶʵš
ţǰľһֻ΢΢Ĵȥ
˵ȴȻȻػסխϸԼĻͷһһ䣬ᶨ˵ڡ
ڣκεΣպʹࡣ
ڣ黰
һ˲䣬˳׵ĺڰ
ⲻ覿ڵʵһĹ⡣
Ҳ֪΢ĵЧǸ˵źðģ֮ĺڰûдš
ǡǡ෴ٵĺ£ƽ
˾ôڽͷվãõ覶Լ۾ѹеʹſڵ磬ǻؼҰɡ
ãؼҡ˵
ѹ۾ϵȴûƿ
̽Եؽһ磿
˽ֿڣɿ㿴·ˤ˵ġ
һǰߣ·һˣΪСʲôϲϷֻЦȴ˵
˵˽ֿڣɿ֡
覻ۣΪںڰ̫ˣ谵·ƵĹ⣬еۡ
ˣ
۾˵ûУƹ̵ġ
覰Ŀ⣬ֻõͷʼ߽űߵʯӡ
覡

ҡ
̧ͷȻ֮ľѸΪҪˡ
ǰ޳˵
覵ͻȻе㷢̣Ҷ˵ˣûпޡ
濴ı飬ȷѾûʲôԺ󣬲ЦҲûйϵҲÿҾǿСʱ޵ôÿ̲סҪġ
ص췼Էķ覾һͷ˳ʼ
Ҳͼһ㡣
ΪӪ⣬Ǻһ
ԹԺ󣬳覲ӵĿյԾӿʼϴ롣
覿ˡ
Ǹɩɣ
æȥס˵ҵĻ
Ūöĭ覶
֣ȥɳϺúЪš
ԵԸӵ
ûɡ
˵Ҫñ֪ɩ׳԰סɻùϴ룬˲Ц㣡
飬˭֪
ǲԼʲôûɣֻ˸ͷ벻Լȥ
Ѿ˷ˣҪϴ룬Ͳˡ
ġ
û
覲ؿЦүԭǸӼҺ˰
ۣΣգʲôүи硣
ǸƺƴЩ꣬˱𾴣˲ôġ
Ҫ覵𾴣ֻҪ覵׽Ϳˡ
һ˫ˮϴˢЩ죬ǰϴ밡
ĵ˵ȥͷ꣬ʲôɹשϵأЩģɵľϴ롣
΢΢һ㶣ֻͷ˵ȥϴ裬ôȣϲ𤰡
ǵҹеʪȣ˵죬һĸоϵȷܡ
Ҳ˵ʲôתȥһ·ԡҡ
ϵһ˲䣬覿ǽϣ̾һ
-

81º

覸ž˾ĵڶ꣬Ϳʼž˾ȥѲµһЩ
ǵһģߵĳһո뿪ң򹤵ꡣǸͲʮ߰ӣж¬
¬ƫݣеӪ
ΪǳģԴʲôɣһ°ࡣҲΪڿңܿܵ˳Ρ
һ·ڳȡسӵʱÿһȺΧŶ¬ȭߡ
ǼϵãǳļԱ
ƽʱ鲻Ŭܰ۸ġ
Щ˴¬ԭܼ򵥣¬ȥλãһ˵ģû뵽¬Ǹˡ
ﲻһᣬһ١
¬ıףʱ֣˵ñ˴ϼͷ
ʱᣬΪôȥˣ¬Ҳ˵ִҲûš
û뵽һ죬¬ں˶ԻʱĴͻȻһϣǸõ׼Ĳӡ
ССĲͬӣô˶¬ϡ
ʱĶֱܴӴ˽֮⣬ѴҶһ
ҰѶ¬Ӽȳʱ򣬶¬Ѫ
æѶ¬͵ҽԺȥ飬߹ǶȹǶһҲΪ̫ಣƬƶݡ
¬죬ûѹ
Ψһֵҵǣ¬û̱
һǿ϶ˣϵӣһʡͱôĿ϶Ҫ˵Ρ
ǵǼȺŹ¬˾վ˳˵Ƕ¬Υ˼ӣŻôӵһ
¬ڻԣͱôһñӣ߳˳ӣһˡ
Ǹٱ¬ˣȴ˳µ˶¬ӡ
Ľ˾˾ˡ
ھ˾ǸˣѶ¬һ˸֪Ǽˣݺ¬Ķ¬û
¬ã˾˾ϰ壬û֮һѣûԩ
Щ꣬ĺ
˵ﶼᱻ۸ɲãᱻϰɵ̫ãֻᱻͬ¼ݺ
ǷˣҼҪһүôһ˰
ڷǰʲôѡĿ˶¬Ժ
ղŸ˵ЩȻƵᣬǳԼû˶ǾЩĥ£˾ᡣ

ԡŹԺҲص˻ˮͷ
˫֧ϴ۱ߣһĨЦ
ճȥʵǲù
ǰҵʱԼꡣԺ󣬲Ż֪ٲҲһܷۡ
ȥõʱΪԼһҴ󷹵깤
ͼĻ͵Ĺʡϴ롣
ûû˵Ӷϴʱϴֶû֪ˣҪظǵĶ
ÿ쿴Щ룬оڳЦ
Щڶ뿪ңΪ˸˸ֻʧܡ
ĲֻЩкЩ˵ָʹʹȣǶ顣
ĵǣԩ
ڷϴ﹤ʱ򣬻Ĵɨ
һϵصʱһӡ
ϰˣǸȻץ죬ΪʲôСһ㡣
ܵӵļ޻ֶΣϰˡ
ݲͣһĶϡ
ǮôϲԱǰү
Դ죬һĺð춼ز
ͱϳ˷꣬Լĵһݹ
ҲйҲйµʱǸ°ԺץסӴһ٣ֱӴǸĳһŴ
ֻЩڶ򵥵һ
ڳʱҪһЩͷ
ͷһԼ̧ۣһչǵĶܼ򵥵һһԽüȴ塣
ʱ̫ˣӦǣ˾ɼ
컹ǵó覲ڵʱȥҽ￴
ͷϴ롣
ûһ覴ԡˡ
һȦȴûпӰ
Ķȥˣ
覴Ӵȥÿ԰һ˵

Ҳ֪һЩʲôһתˡ
ܿ죬ʹ򿪷˽
һ˯µһ㶣ϴˣ
覵ͷš
󲽳˹ȥͷľᡣ
㡣
-

82Ұ

ϵζر𣬽һżرס˵һҲȷʵôˡ
ûƿݵʵղ˵ʲôˣ
Щ¡
ʵôˣģ᲻𣿡
ᣬֵסǸڡ
һ㶣ӻһףǲһ
ͷľ䣬̰ϵζ͵ʵʲôʱܼ޸ңţ
˵Ҷʮ꣬һ롣
覶ĥһ
һʱ䣬ÿôϵζֱҪ
һ㶣̧ͷͼɫѿ˵ȥϴ裬ˣ˯ɡ
˵꣬ɴתݡ
ˤŵһ¶ͦ
覲ΪʲôͻȻı㶵վ
úõģôˣ
֮ǰѾ̸ôִʲôüͷˣ
ûһһ˯˳覵ʱһ˲Ĵ㵣ôվ
߹סȼЩ͵ĳȻѸٽԡҡ
һʮŵŮδһӵ֣Ƕһʮüĳ꽡˵һİŮ˵ӵ
ֱҪ
ǰҲһ΢Ĵ磬ڱ˵Ծԣһࡣ
ͺղţֻһ뷨ѹ£ݺݵҪ
ǽ̾һؽ⿪ԼĿӡ
ȵԡҳʱѾѿһĵϨˡǿϻһţ̡
ͷ˹ȥţ
ţ̻µģӵѹһ
㲹壬
ɫۿɼٶѸٺ
СѾͷƬӣ
ŭһŶֽ¨ȻţԼķ䡣
֮ǰĿһӵµŷ졣
ûй⣬Ӧ˯ˡ
ͷһţ̣ͦ
覲ϴԽϴԺûã˯ˡ
Ķһɵıɲݵζҹζ˰ߡ
ʲôʱΧıζ˻㡣
ڴϵ覶ͷ߳һ㱡
߬Ŵһ˫֣塣
ڸϵ˫ȵССŮϴһɫСȹӣȹֻϤķɫ
ĿĽ޲ýؿ
ߴĻԭѾ¥ߣ֦䣬ؿǸݵרɹĸߴ
ˡ
ʲôײϹӵ
ϵҡҡλΣײ
ϵСŮ΢΢š
ˣҹȥ
ҹ֪Ұ㣬Ұˡ
ԺһһһҲΪѹ֡
ϵСŮĪһֿ־壬
ǣ衭
Ƭ̣СŮսʤԼĿ־壬֦Լ壬ҪͨǸߴȥĳ
衭
衭
СŮÿһƶ֦Ĳ
Ÿƶһ㣬һֻ־ͽסֱۣȥĲȥǴµĳ
һůĻ
һϤůĻ
ڡ˵
СŮĶߣǸСŮһŶ裬СŮڲٲ
磿

ˣô
죬Ҫһ䡰磡
ƾôŬ˵һ֡
ˣ˰
ĽУǶƾɵСڴǵѹʹĵͺſ
ƾɵεҡŮʹŮĶ
Ҫ裡
óҪ裡
Ծģԡ
˵
Ϊʲô˵
Ө̵ˮմʪһƯޣžһס͵ֻϡ
ڴߣŵؿ覣覣
裡覾һꤴӴ
ѹ覻ûֳʵξֻץסֱۼѵؽţ裬ˣҾҡ
һֻ˾ŵС¹лˮһ
ζѡֻһجζѡˣһоͶʧˡܾ˵覱ûˣûˡ
İ£ǰľڽɾõӣߵ
ξĻζɲȡ
һпƽ͡
ĴһһսıͳĶС
һڡصһ
£㡣ڡ
-

83²

硭
覵һ
͵һƿڴͷԼǰˡ
Ӣüۣǵ飬Ǽõ¡
һж˵һ£Լ
ҲҲ˯ԼĺŹġ
ؿ¶
ղƿԼһ˲䣬оˣں¡
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覵ͷһĭɬĺе㷢ۡ
Ϊʲôε磿
Ϊڽϵʱ
ԣһΪ۵İʵеξ
覵˫ֲͷüͷۡ
״ס˫磬ǵ覣ôˣ
硭忪ʼۣͷۣ
˵ûµģԣңһжģҡ
ʼյͷԸ⿴һۡ
ִµīһССڷ֣ˡ
ƴСϣ档
ڵӣʮǰһμӣһغ
ľͺǱ˭ݺݵؾһ¡
۵Ҫȴһ
ʵôˣ
μˣҾģ˵
ҲʹԼΪ
һĬǹʮ꣬ˡûסԼĵµԡ
ֱһͽݵԼĻ
ûµġ
һظ֣Ҳ֪Ƕ˵ǶԼ˵
˵ֻҪߣ;Բµġ
˵ףүү˵֮ǰˤˣͷҲΪ֮ǰˣڳʱ䣬ȥҽԺټһ飬òã
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ƬСŮкһô£Ц绨
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ͿػǺ£ѵʹ࣬һΡ
ûʲôûиɹϣ޴顣ΨһΣʴȵĻԶ
ݳʮһ㿪ţ֮ǰʱ䣬ϴ˺׼̲;ߵġ
Ϊʱɣ覿Ծŵȥ
һϣĸԼĹ׼һ͡
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ġ췼Է治Զһ̡˵
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Ц㱨
ϣ覶˵Ӧ

ôһԼ˵ĸо
ȥһİӣȴһֱ
ǸǸǺܲڵġ
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ʵϣżҲԡ
һڱ˵ǰҪʱ
˵˻ţ˺ܲСʱͻ¡
һһӸݹȥ
ǰײڵġ
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˵Ҹղڽֿڵʱ򣬷ǿôˣ
öһüôúһôô᲻
˵Ҳú֣һȥأ˵Ǳ˰ҹˣھ˵ϰҹʱ򣬼ڻ»ӸͷںöڽֿǸûʡ
һʵ˵ΪʲôҪ
ҲǸ˺ͻг𡣡
-

84±

覸ɻĿԼԽԽ˼άˡ
˼һúúõģʲôܺг𣿡
һ˿ģô֪
㶣Ҳû˵㿳ģ㼤ʲô
һҭͺ˼ڶܿ覵Ŀ⡣
覵ɨ˺ü飬죬еֵֹġ
緹ʰӣš
覲˲֣߹ȥš
һ죬ű򿪡
վǰ̨ϣ㶡
£С磬ôûȥݰ
˵䣬İŵĳ˲ء
ʰʰ˾ȥ˵İɣոս鷿ˣȽɡ
վԭسһ£Ŵӵֳһ㱡
̽̽ͷʵʲô
ûʲôС㻹ǱˣŪ㣡æ˼
覲ţûʲôΪʲôҿ
ɵһתȻͿŵһѴͷ
覾ˡ
һѸͷʲô
˵꣬Ŀ췼Էڵķ˹ȥ
覲ŵ˵ֿǿôǡ
øͷΪ̸⣡²һļӻ԰˳˵
覴㵵ؿָָʵŸͷȥ̸⣿ȷⲻڸΥҼ͵ǿҪù񰡣
ЦЦСˣүҪȥһֳǸֳ˵ֳõģ֮ǰд˵ǵܶ඼ѾˣүȥôϸͷΪ˵ʱ㡣
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ЦԼĶ㣬⸫£Ҳʡ
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ֿڵĴˣʲôʱ飿
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ǰһۡ磬ôСĵ㣿С֪үΪȥֿڿүôʰ㡣
ıѽֵܣȻҾҪ¶ˣ༸ֵܹȻõġ
ƲƲ졣
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һļ鷿˳һڳʰ̵覣ȥ˵үֳǱߵѾϵˣھͿԹȥ
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üģʵͲܰѸȷŻؼ𣿡
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ڸӵЦʵүСദĻ𣿡
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һ㶣ͷ޹˵Ҳû˵ʲôѽǼദôүʲôأ

̫
Ѿڶηִˡ
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ȻֱߵĵڶļҲ
Сӣڿӵǰɣ
ˣϽֺõҲҡ
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ָ˵ʱ̼ǰ¶ˡ
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85ûѵ

ߺ󲻾ã覾˷ݡ
ƺѾڷܾˣʱڷ
覵ʱϵΧȹûժͳ˹ȥ
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覶¶һЦݣ߱ʵˣ
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ȥϰ𣿡һΧȹϵϡ
Ҫ
ϵĶһͣת
һ¶ʮĹأ㲻Ҫ
ϵԼ˫֣˵ûȥ׵ʱһݹô˵ǶжġһҾߣǲ𣿡
΢΢ͷ壬ǸƷʡ
̧ͷ覣˵а֮ǰ˵Ҫѧ㱾µġȥϰȻõĸߣǳ˵ӣҸѧı¡㲻һ㣬ѧöණ
ʱĶǰûѧġ
˫ֻؿζʵˣ
صͷ
ԼԼ뷨ˣֻϣܿϿҵķݶܹƽ顣
ŲѵʱһЦ˳
˵Ȼˣҽٽһ飬ûѵ͡
˵Ҷ˼ûʲôܸռˡ
覵ͷһ֪ϰΪʲôҪôߵĹʣȥ𣿡
һ֪ҡҡͷ˵Ҳûʲô£һ͸ҿôߵĹʰ
һʼҲֻǾ֣ôһ㣬͸÷ͬѰˡϰôõͼɶѽ
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覿Це˵ȥˣһʼõĹʿܻ᲻ǵȵĿģҲͱÿпˣʱÿ϶һʼá
էһǸһЩܲͷֻΪƭȥѡ
˵һ㣬ϰ岻Ǹϰ壬ܿڷһֱȥһ㣬ϵǸûĵϰ壬ͿҸɰ㿪
ʱûȥɾֵûˡ˵һԵĴ
òײһݹôȥ֪ܶ˵İۡ
عζֻʣȡ
ԭôŵ
˵ΪҲŰЩ㣬Ժ󳤵ġ뿪ҾԲô㡣
뿪ҲǷˡ
Լ˼˷һԼصϡ
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ŵӣϵıȴûжȻڲƼתһȦ
Ƽƽʱګګģô˵ЩϵǺͨ͸
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á
һϵʱܿȥһĸ˿쵹١
ϢʱȴʼĲ͹ӡ
ʵʲôأ
˵˲ˡ
һ㶣ҽϼöʱûп˲òھү˰ɣ
͵һԴһ
֮ǰԼԿû˳ְ˲ˡ
𲼰ߣһȥһˣҪǾۣԹ˯һ
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һͼӺƳ챻ǷгȻ̵ȥ뿪˴
Ͷˣײ
췼ԷĴ10ŷǰ
ûݣǿĻ԰ӣ̾үסĵطǲһʲôôá
Цߡ
Ҫ̸ʱְͽоү˶ˣЩ䶼ˡ
¹ƨĵúòãȿͶˡ
⿴ز¶Ҳûֳʲôر뷨ҲûԼһЩʲôеŵס
-

86

һʲô̬ȣһϾܿˡ
ͷβЦеģлֲ׼үﵽԸǲԸ
һݣͼɳϺȲ衣
ߵſڣȸһүã
ش̧ͷһ־үϻһ򵥵ļ˱Ľζ
ڼ˲ÿˣ˳顣
ʱĿֽдϣ˳ּ˼ǰ͵Ϯɹһµ顣
ǻһ׵
оܺá
㶣˲ܿô˼ǺЦ
үһ˾ǲһ
ߵߣһȿȣүˡ
һ飬ͷ˲ϵּġ
С˲ɡ
Ȼ֪˲ΪʲôھүϣǾүھ㿴С˲ҲܰˬʵǾˡ
Ǹˣ
˲̧ͷع˱ĵؽ˱ŵֱߣ˵ˣɡ
ߵλ£Ц
ȣ˵˵ҶģԼг𣿡
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̧Ƴһۣе㲻˵˵Ҳϲͬʱͺܶ˺˶ˣ׳ӡ
Щ÷ֳɳԻؿ۵˶ȥˣɲԼҲôһȺ档
˵֪֪׾ү˼үģֻҪܺ;үﻹͱ˴ѽҾԺ;үһģ
ĵʱÿ˵Ļ˵ĺƯ
˵˵˵ɣΪʲôң
˵үҲ֪֮ǰĺǺӳ죬Ͽǳ˴ͷ
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覿İıӰߵߣʵ̸⣿
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覿Լ˱ߣ˲Ž˵ǼҾͻø
ĿǸ˲ԭǾүģ
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ҪĺãҲ١
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˵ӳһ賧Ҿܹͱһ쳧ӣǲҶ۸Ҳƿزǣ
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ʱҲӦˣû뵽Ȼһְ
˵˶̵ֶĴڴĵžž죬ǻڲ
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üʵ㶼ʲô
Ӹ˹ܣôͷԼǮͶʽˣɲһ¡
̯˫˵̰ԭţԺҶҶӲ賧ֵĲҶ۸񻹱ˣԼҲֳܹɣһһⲻȫ𣿡
ЦЦȫ𣿡
һҭȻûȫŻҾү˵¡
˵Ҿ̣ڲ賧Ҳʲô⣬ÿ·ֵֵĴ󲻶ࡣһõܽ˲賧Ժ󣬲ŷ˲ԡ
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87²ë

ʵȥʱ򣬺ӳѵû֣
ӳҪǿ϶ˣû⿴ߡ
˵ֵ⡣
˵õѧƵģǱ賧¼ȥģûߺţҲû˵ҵĹϵ˲賧⣬ź͸õܰЩû׶˫۾˱һһ׼а
һָӶͷ
һ֪Ǿүе㲻ͷ˵˼
˵㵽˵飬˵õܵ飿Щ֧ĩڵĶһص˵˵㵽ﱻƵľͿˡ
⿴һۣԼǵˣͷǣҷϻЩóõһȥү֡
ۡ
⹷ȵӴҲϲûһֻб˵ˡ
ǰоŻʿũ̡潫гĩ˿ְҵһֱǺͬ仰
ȷ˸о
Ȼ˵õܵ飬ֱӿǻ˵ӳͺˣʲôѽ
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ǸղĲ裬ΪɫģԽвࡣ
ëָģֵĲҶĲҶζͨεȵĶЩл
㶣ûһΣŤͷʵʲô𣿡
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һ£òҰɣÿ˶Լĳ̰壬Ҳǰͨ
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˵ղĲҪɱ࣬裬׶ѣЩԺ󣬲ֵë衣м䣬ˮֻʧһ£ĽĽĲҶһëˡ
ϺʱҶˮ٣ֻҪĽͿһë衣
ëҪĺãǻҪپɸ֡Сι𡢷ѡЩ
һëֻܱƲҶǼ۸ȻҲǷһֹЩǺˡ
˵ϰղ˵ģ˽ٽĲ࣬ë衭
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Ͱͨļ۸㣬һëʮ飬ǺӳһĲҶӯͿһٿǮ
һһʺܴ˰
ͬؿһۣӺͦҵİ
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ҲʡıҶֱӾܴϰǮʡ˺ܶ鷳¡
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Ǻӳ˵ԼյˮҶЩˮʱʧˣϣҲ鲻κ⡣
˵꣬;ؿ̾ү̫ˡȥʺӳǸŮ˵ʱôҽ͵ģ˱ԱһνˡˮҶЩӣһŷ֣Ǽû꣬꣬ҲһСط£ջĸȫˮҶ
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ڰ˵һ嶼ûУĲٺˡҲܾô԰ɣҾҷŽ賧ЩҺӳ˻Ǻӳ쵹ã˺ƤǮֻҶ˵ǳתˣⲻСô
ôĲҵӳҵķˣӶˣôܻòǵǮ
Ȼڹ
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88

覵ЩǮĲҶҲǴƷɡ
಻ԣʲôβεģǸЩ蹣ͲĳȥˣǶð۶˵ҿأ
Ƴһۣӳɵ¶ǹȱµġ
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覵ͷҲԡʲô¶ȱ£
˵Ǿֲӳ쾹ȻҲ˼ëļ۸ңȥ˵֮ôˡǸ𣿡
ʵңҪȥӳΪҪһǮ
ڨЦֻҪǮҲ;ү̸ģ
Ŷʲô⣿
Ժ󣬾һֱ˵賧飬ûҪԼ̸
˵үһƬĲ԰֮ǰѾȥˡǲĴСܲղˣв԰ˣ϶ҲԼĳӿҶҲ£ûͨҶ·ɣ
˵̧꣬ͷһɫûκβãϻζЦ⣬ŸҼ˵
ëԼһ£飬ҿ԰졣ô꣬·ӣ֤ʱүĲҶĺã۸ߣ
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⵱ӦҲǿɹۣŻҪͺӳһ쳧ӡ
ȴһӡ
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ĻԺȴüͷ
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һ㶣ү⻰˼ʵѰζ
ĥţ̧۾ͿˮϣĴָűأһתţүҲ֪ʲô߻һ˿Ц⡣
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89²͸öѧѧ

覿ЦЦ飬Сˢһºˡ
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ȵȣסӵ³һݸ覣ĳ
֮ǰ˵û¸͵ˣû飬֮ǰȥһѡ
ʹȥˣӹһվѴϣһСܳ˷ӡ
Цһ̧ͷ˵ȥֿڣŵˤˡҽҲҪ
ͷ뿪
֮ǰһɻʲôҽ
г첽뿪ߵ췼ԷſڵʱȻƽˤԼԼһ¡覻ȣûǰԼгվˡ
ǾΪҪߵʱȴгĽųŷվԭ£ȻԭСһ֪һϹʲô
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췼Է10˵ѾˣԣԺҶ̵ҿԿǽ㡣
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ܸ˵һ仰ˣһҪá
ëֶдʮˣõŴ񽿲ģ
˸ۣɳ
һ̼ҳԷ覲ս
˭֪ˣҲùӲһֻ첲鷿ϡ
ˣҪ˼ľ͸öѧѧֻĺѧг·
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90

ŮˣȻϹЦݣ覵ȴ˺ݾ
ѾͷƬӣô꣬ѵβˣ
ӿߵ鷿ôһض̶̵ľ룬覵ֱ۱ۡ
覷񽿾ƿ鷿š
鷿˸ոһ鷨ǰġҺˡ֣͵Բ֣ԽдԽÿˡ
ԲһĺɫȹӣվߺߵЦЦ
ô֣ԶԶȲүүүүַǲǲĺÿء
һΪǮȥ¥Էүүݺѵһ٣㱻Ὰʸ񣬸үү˺ܲõӡ
Խ̼оۻᣬүүˣϣܸԼӼӷ֡
¶ЦݣԲҲŸ
ʱ񽿴覴˽Եúͻأˡ
̧ͷƳһֺۣܿջߣϵˡ
ʵˣ£
ҡͷû£ǴƫҪҽġ
˵⺢ӣôôʶأүүѧдë֣үүдĿһһĺãôõĻᣬɲܴ
˵ţְǰơ
覿Բһۣ˵ҲҪ
Цϣ˵覰òΪүүղſԲﲻ˰ɣ
覵̫ˡ
˵ѽҲ𼵶ʣԲдúãҲ˿๦ġүүҲҲǴˣɲôûݲð
м䣬ûһ仰ںɳӰ˵СǼġ
Բ״Ҳվ˳Ϊ覡ס裬ô˵覣Ųôûء
Բ覵ĸ첲˵ҪддԣдѿҲûϵҶһˣû˻Ц㡣
⻰ȴ񽿵Ļ˵ĸƯ覻ʲôûȱ˲дֵñӡ
覿Բһֳۣ˳
˵ϽűҧӦ˰Բּװȵӣ;ͦӦġ
ˡүԵе㲻ͷҺԲأûʲôͳȥɣǡ
ǿק覽Ϊѿүô˵ȻǶûʲôڴˡĿĴɣҲͲٶ
תߣ򿪷˵ðɣǲүӡ覣Ȼѧд֣ͳɡ
վԭûж
߰ʲôأ񽿴ߴٵ
̧ͷԲ˵ҾãԲȻôĳдˣҪǻܾĻԵеˡ
Բһ㶣СҪдֲɣ
ߵǰʵүүԽһֽҲмҪ͸үү
һ㶣ЩɻؿһԲ֣óһλã˵дɡ
ԲƲƲ죬˵һߡ
һˣҲû˳ȥߵԲߣʵô£
Ѿʼīˡ
Բ͵ǣɱҪӡʱдһ涪ء
ֻкīԺ󣬰ԲղдǷֵŵһԣԼչһſֽѹƽ
ֽûвÿԲֽ
Բ״覰㲻ʶԲ֪ɣүү̴ֽܹģôһţҲ˷ˡ
ԲһԱԼĲֽȴĶ¶֮̽ɫ
ıʼϹһǺϸȡ
ֱӺߴߴиͣԲĿëɨ
Ǹ鷨ˣЩʶܲ
һ۾ܿмһ֧õġ
ֳ֧ë˹ȥڸոմʸ˵ʱϵĶȴһͣ
룬תȥøղԲų֧̀ϵëʡ
һ¡
̨պŨīߣһ鷨ԾȻֽϡ
վԱߣʳ飬ο֮ɫ
ʣվԵȻƵúúã
һ֣עджô⡣
ĸŮһ㶡
Բдǿ飬һһҪϸϸͣ٣էһдô죬̲ס˹ȥһۡ
֮㣬֮ɽ֮٣干ɰ֮ï޲С
ֽϵ˳ϲ
֣֣
覵һֽͱԲٵʥ֮ӣѲһд˲ͽԲǸָѹȥ
֮£Բ֣ԵСĶˡ
覿Բһۣϵëʷźã˫ֵǰ˵үүˡ̵ġСѣҫ
-

91ûĻ

һ˵ǫ飬иǿġ
̲ס޵Ǵҹ㰡̳Ůдĺãôǫ顣
Բһʱµúܡ
үү⻰ʲô˼
ѵΪ費覵ãſҲ˿๦ѽ
ԲҲ벻ͨѾͷôдҲдôá֪ôԼķͷղžͲ覻ˡ
Բٰ㲻ζǱȴЦеض˵Ҳ̵úá
һ٣ٶؿף֮⣬޷Ǿ˵ƨ¶ϲóҫģʵûʲôƷζ
дëҲᣡ
ûа
ˣҲ˴һۣ˵úø˼ѧѧ˵ֻѻ
Цסˡ
覹Ҫѿġ
û뵽覲дһ֣үϲЦտүӵͷˡ
񽿵ϵʱ͹ҲסˣдĶЩʲôѽʲôˣѧЩҧĽֵģֶмܿĶһöûУ
ͦ˵һ⻰ɫʱ
صӣ˵дǡʫľӣй˼ǧĻ
ЦеؿŴ񽿣֪㿴
ŵڳףͬ񽿴ǰҲֻһ÷Ůûʲô飬ֻܸĲ÷﹤
һȥ·ʱʱĴ񽿻мɫģһȥҲͺˡ
覿ǸʱܹλҪΪɧ
̼ҵɫͺף˻飬Ȣ˴񽿣Ǵ񽿻ˡ
ʱףҲ˺ӣԲϾͳԲĽ㡣
観ʱףдţ˵֡
ϲ˸ֽ覡
覴õ覣һϾͿԿж಻ϲ
ͬĺӣ񽿵ŮȴԽԲ
ԲԲһҸ
ϧ첻ԸԲȡôһ֣Ҳûܸжô񽿽̼ҵš
һֱü󣬴һģҲֻǰԲĵ˻ɲ̼ˡ
ôҲûп񽿣һֱĺ̹覲£մ񽿵Ķԣǲȥдֵġ񽿵ĵӲãʫʵǺ
⼸仰רдάġ
ô˵ǹ˵仰
̼ҵĳһȨҲ֪ô˳Ļô˵ܸɫŹ֡
һҭ϶ʱ
û飬֪ʲôʫ
һӣ˵ҿƽʱҲͦеģû¾Ͷ顣߳ȥԺһô˵ͷЦҳȥ鷿ûĻˣ
֪̼үӿԵҲûʽšڱôͷһ䣬˵һա
үһ˵ȥ˳˷䡣
鷿ŵʱ򣬴޲Ϸżš
˺覱ȥԺ󣬾һֱעߵֻɫѿش鷿̲߳סʵĸأ
ɨ˺һۣû˵ʣ֪ʣԼῴ
˺ûɵرǺһ䣬˶㶡
񽿱ӳһæµĳ
񽿴´ӣڴ񽿿˺⻹ء
覺ôһ̼ҵѪ˺´ˣͺ̼ûаϵ
ˣܸ̣ס̼̼һһŮȴֻס棬̼ҵĻڶܽ
ǿ˴뱲ӵ鰡ܲ
ÿ뵽飬񽿶ҪϺüŰݡ
鷿Դ覸дһԺһֱ˵̸鷨
ԲȻûбϳȥҲʤƱ˳ȥ
վһ߿˵ôԼࡣ
Ҫȥ֮䣬̸ĶֶЩɬĺ鷨йصĶð붮ģֺˣҲûҲ廰
Բһվѧ˺һҲû˴ܲʹ졣
£覣Щ㶼ʲôʱѧģ
˵Сʱڵʱһһҵġ費ˣǹпյʱҲ֣ˡ
Щ⣺ôСͿʼѧ鷨ˣ
ȻҪץô
ȻԶ
-

92ĥī

ԲԽԽζɴȥˡ
֮ǰ˵ڴ覷ݲԶĵطѾһ棬覵ķݻҪһЩӦѾڹˣȹ˶ˣͿԿš
ķֻҪһţͻ覵ķɲСѹ
үүǰ֣ǹʱ䣬϶æĽͷö֪ôˡ
ʱ覻ܵ⵽ȥ
ԲԲ
ԲŻع
Բ¶ϲүүڹעˣ
ʵүүʲô𣿡
һǰ̨Բ˵ĥī
Բ˹ȥʮֵڡ
ֺõЦүүҪдôīŨ
վߣ˵ŨһЩ
ԲŤͷؿүүʲôϵ
΢΢һЦִӱʼһ֧ëʣüڰĥī
Բһ㶣ôڰĥīֲ覵Ѿߣ
Բؿ𣬲˵ؽһүү
֪Ҫ˵ʲôȴڰںش˵Ҫд֣ǶǽãҪమĥīôˣ
ԲĵײҪ˦ˡ
ƾʲôдֻ֣ĥī
֮ǰ񽿵Ķ˵֮ǰΪ˽Ǯ飬үүˣζүүˣöԺּҲӰ죬ǿ
˺һӶ׼ȥǳԷ
ʧ⿴ˣڿıֽ˵ȥаɡ
Ѿȥôˣһֱûгȥ
˺鷿ǣƿžͿԲͷĥīȴվүд֡
үүı飬覺ܵүүġ
̲ס̧Źȥһۣãһ˺һ
˺⾪ȵǡ׭飿
дһʣë˵ǡ
ԭһֱ覺ܴû뵽鷨дôã׭ҲᣡǺܶ˶Ȳϵİ
˺һҲԼĿޣùȻ
Բһ߳һôôͲүүǰдָ˺ˡ
ԷɣѾˡ˺˵
ԲãԼļ尾ǵͷ̷ϵ飬˵үүǿȥԷɣͶˡ
ʵҲǺܶڸʲôѾͷѾǿ
ҲϷ㣬Ŵ߳˷䡣
Բ˿Լ鷿䣬ڳȥʱ⼷ǰ棬סֱۣͷ覶һۡ
ֻһˡ
Լʲô·Լ֪
˺˶ٽŲ覲һ
ղ鷿ʱ򣬰ֺʹˡ
˺еĴ󲮣Ȼ覵ĸ
һ£ǽŲֻһͣ٣Ѹٳǰȥ
ŶӦһ䣬һֶ˺ò
˺֪覺Ĺϵ㲻ϺãԲһ㣬û뵽覾Ȼֵô
ǰ覲ŷִҶѾˣ˺ȴġ
һ֮Ȼλӡ߷ֱ´
߰Ŵ񽿣Բڴ񽿵·
Ȼһֱûн̼ҵĻڱּȴһϯ֮ء
´棬˺Ȼ˹ȥ´ˡ
һվеΡ
̼ҳԷִβ˸һˣ߸ĸ
Ȼǰռϵġ
ԲߵǻһλãѾˣûʸһߡ
´ߡ
ʱ˺Լߵӣ˵覣
粻
ͷβûпһۣҲƺܲμⳡ硣
˲ᶨԼܵߵ˺
Ѿ˲ٲˣһŹ
ʵأ
ʹСӣԲС˼ꡣ
û֣ˡ
͵Ϸˣˡ
ϵĲһۣ˵԰ɡ
ҷ׷ꡣ
̼ңûʳ޲Ĺ涨
覱ССڵسĶŹ߾صš
֮ǰҲû˵̼ϲټһŪʲôģһ磬ܾүһʱľ֡
־ΪʲôһԿ˾֪ˡ

ֻҪᣬ͵߸ų˾С
ȻԵһ룬ֽĨһͣ˵ֳ˵󶯾
üӴʼˡ
-

93´Ǯ

˶𣬵˵ʱ覰ԣԡ
ֻҪ֣ͲǣҲԡ
ȻǸõھϻЩĵġ
¿ʵ֣˵ڱƤǸ˰ɡ
˵ͷţ˵ĵӵǺ֮ܺǰɽһŵĹ㣬ڱЩõ淿֮һǸ˵ˡ
´Ҳʵǳ̼𣿡
΢΢ͷӦǡЩز඼̼ҵĲҵڡȻµⲻ࣬ǵѾʼ˵⣬̼ҲһӰ졣
仰һڣҵüͷͶ
Ȼ˺֮侭ֶ⾺ؽо֮١
̼Ǳ̰Ļ᳤ô̻Ƶ˼
ˣôأ֪̼ҵǣҲ̫֪ߵغˣ
´Ҳʵ֣˭ҪҪȥЭһ£ҾⳡϻǲҪֵ̫á
һֱصúʵʲô鶼Լµȥ棬֮ǰһֱ֪˭ǽ죬ȴˡ
˵꣬һ覣Ȼڰʾйϵ
覺ûиܵүӵ񣬼ԳԳԡ
ǴＹ˿ġԵıж໶ˣһӵĽգʵǸ롣
ҵĿⶼƵ覵ϡ
覣šԳԳԡ
ֻһ򵥶ֵľˣ̼ҵĴⳡǸʲô˼ĵһĿģǳԷ
ȣصؿһ
̧ͷĺŹǰȵ㣿
һеζ
覽йүү´壬й˺˺硣
Ψʹõĳƺر
ʲô˼
Ȼ̼ˣΨˡ
ʱ͹Ҳסˣصһϣ覵ѵ᲻˵֣
͵һ㣬ܵĪľţӶһĵ˰ıء
޹ʵʲôйˣˣܶǰȥǼҵʱ򣬴һơұΪ׸㻹˵ΨһŮģԲڽҪǽ֣һֱһô죬ء
ɫһףȻ覵֮£顣
Ҳû뵽覻»ص̼ҵһ졣
ĺĳҲȥ覵۾֪飬ڿѹԼеŭ
覿ƿԣЦһ
֣ƺѵҲ䣿
ʱڣļ磬ܵġ覣Ҹղ˵Ķˣ
һֱӲ磬ҲǹģģֻԼѻ׸ˡ
覺ܿղ˵Ǹһֱصúʵˣˡ
ʵ֪Ǹ˭𣿡
覴һֱڷﾭӪԼС⣬֪ô鰡үүȻֱ֪Ӹ¡
۾˵
һʱشеۣҸôأ̶ʱȻ±֮һĵأҴǰûôǮģ
𣺡
ҪĲ覿ϣܹ仯磬ΪʲҪ̼ԡôˡ⡣
覾ֻ䣬ǸΪԺ
΢ЦҪ䡣
һĹεĶ
һǸƢһӾȻˡ
һָش˵Ϊ̼ң㾹ȻĶ
ŭӣ覾а浱ڴ˼
Ϊѣһ˵ղŲǻ˵֪ߵغΪ̼첻ʲôвģ̼ҵҲ˵ģ̼ҵӲ£
ϣεطŶͷ
ղһȷ覵˼ȷˡ
覾ˮģڰ˵
´˵覣ã̼ҿ϶ԭġ
һʵͲǴǮ𣿡
һǮ㻹Ϊǳصİ֪֪̼֮ǰڽ⣬ȫѹģ̼ң
̾һôһ˵Ĳǳصģ
Ȼֵʵ֪Լʲôôദô𣿡
-

94

ָĲãȻúеϵȥ̽̽Ǹʲô
ǵߵĻת˲ֱ覵һ䡮ǵʲôȫ˻ȥ
˵ĶʲôǻʲôûأͲĲУȸǿʼˣ
ƶؼˮûƫ
ԲԣûҲˣ˭ģһ˽ˣҪٺú÷˼һԼǧǰĿʥ˶˵ʡѽźţ
̬ȷĲС
ʲôʲô÷˼ģ
Ұ̫ҪԵ̼ҵ⣡
ȿȡٶȿڡ
ҶҲٴλϡ
һĿֿʼƯƣ覰
үү˵
覵ɤһҪεӣֲ˼
˵
覣ţ
ôֻԼ˵֮ǰҹ㣬˵δ޹ϵѾˡ
Ŷԡ
̽ĹϵӦûͦ׽İɣ
⣬Ǹ治ǷϻЩ˵ӣ涼ûΣ첻죬ײ׽˵׼
ƳԲһۡ
֮ǰڼʱ˵Բ
һ̼ҵʱԲһĽӣΪģˡ
ԲӦϲĿ
һЦе˵ײ׽Ҳ֪үүôģ֮ǰ׹ˡ
覻һ䣬ǱߵԲո̧ĿӶˡ
üʱ϶ԼĲ롣
ԭԲ簡
һԲɫˣﻹԷմһ֧ӣ
һʵǺݣֻԲ˶һر鿴
ý˺̧һ覵ӣʾҪ˵ˣϯ˵ֻʵǲ̫á
񽿵һϣǸץʰˣ۽е飬Ҳó˵
˵ô覵ģǾ͵ûˡ
һߣһҪ観ܵƣɤ˵һСңҪҪûأͺͷң§§ģ簡ȻͲ֪ʲôˣ
Ȼ˼꣬ĹȴĨǰЩСϰԣ˵ֿ̱
Ҷ֪覵ߵ磬鱾ѹ覵ƽʱҲᡣ
ƫƫ񽿸ոҲܣԲŻһҵᣬȴ覵ʹڿ
⼸仰ţ𶼾ò
ѾͷǣزģĲסλõˣô覣ίء
˴һۣ׼ѵ䡣Ҫǲѵ񽿼䣬Ϊϣøܵĵطˡ
˭ϣûüڣڴб覾˵ˡ
һ˫۾ضŴ񽿣˵񽿣ˡ
һվӸµؿѾͷȻ裡
ŭһӣ˶ô˵ģ
ԲҲ˵ǣ۸裬Ű˵û㲻裬ֲ֪֪ܵˣûн֮ǰ
һڣվͳһսߡ
һڵڻԵĮ롣
֪ﲻļҡ
ЦһҲô˵ûԲŻ˵ˡ
Բһ㶣覾Ȼͬ˵Ļˣ
Ǻܿ죬ԲֻعҲţ
䣿һü軳ʱʮ꣬ûҴءʱ軹ûءֻױٸ߸һ£ͱ˵磬Բ֪ˣǴûͻеģ϶ǴСġûġ
Բˢһףһ仰˵ˡ
Ҳһֱ߳ܵ顣
תֿ˴һۣ˵ĻҲʸָңҺ׵ٶ࣬ҲǶףƸģ˹ܲšأ軹ûʱ򣬾æĴԲ
˵Ķ飬Ҳûбô
ôˣٲϲҲûе˵顣
񽿸оԼǱ˰·˿һĵķŭȻȻſϿ
磬㿴覵Ŵҵ棬͸ô۸ң
ŭ覣Ѿͷ̵Ǹ
-

95ƾʲôǸ

һʱĿ£Ҷ㵵ؿ覣ô벻һֻСһˣȻô
һ仰һģɰ㲻ȴ񽿲
Ψ˺㶵ؿ覣вɵΪе
һǱˡ̼ңԼԼ⣬û˻
صүүҲֻѵһ´ӣ̼ûеλġ
ʽǣʵʲôҪҶԴ񽿵Ǹİ
˵֣
ʵҳڣ㾡һ㵱ְֵ̹һ֣ιһڷԺܹһ˵ԼҰֵʱͲ𣡡
ĵһѹ˺ܶꡣ
ƽʱ̼ܶЩ˼ӭЦһЦǽ죬
Ůսĵߡ
һڣƾʲôָ
ƾǶǶôҪ
Ҳ覴̼ˣҧ˵аףŮ˲ˣµŮôݣ
覵͵һ
ףŮˣȫ壿
赱ףҼ޹ôļױ̼Ҳٳ־Ӫ̼˽죬˵ĶʲôĹεĻ
ʱѾߣӿŴƹ覣Ҿ㿴Ϊʲô֣
ƣٲȻҪʰˡ
覵Ƥһ˴ܣûΡ
ƢȻãڱŭˣҪŴҵѵһ٣ҵϲɡ
ۿƹҪ֣´æվȥ磬覻С㲻ҪΪһС£ͺ
´һƣÿ治ТĶҽǵýѵѵɣȻΪԼǸ˲Ҫȵӵͷˣ
˺æ覻˵ãʹ󲮻д̵ǸǸȥˡ
ʵƾʲôҪǸңȥ𣿡
ʱҲͷϣԸ
Ŀ̼ҵÿһ˵ɨдŲɶƵŭ⡣
õǸѵǶô̼꣬ǷһǸǷһǸ
ľףצҪʰ覣ʵǷʲôˣҪ飬Ҳͬģ㻹ӣ
ʵϹ㣬ģ㳯ĺģĴҸ㣬ѵûд
ָ覵ֶڲСҽҪѵѵ㲻ɣ
覰㲻ҪǴңҾȫǵ˶֪ôԴԼǰ޵Ůģ
´ƴסȰҪ侲վһԲԼ۸ˣ覻ôţҲȥˡ
ŴҶڹעʱƹӴӺץס覵·е̼һֲһѾͷãʲôƾʲô裡
覵·˴Ӻ澾סڣֱһŲȵԲĽϡ
һҲǺԲһɿ֡
˺һĶҲ˲ǰת󵽺Բ
ԲҲ侲һ㣡
侲ʲô侲覶ô˵ˣʲô侲ģԲھ蹷Ҫˡ
һͷ۵ؿǣúõһ磬⵽ô£
ҵ·֮Ūģһȱѿ
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֣ݺݽһ˦覵ϡ
ž
ô˵Ǹˣһ˺ݾ覾ҲǸʮŮˡ
һԺֱӾͽ覴ˤ˵ϡ
һƵĶʵ̫󣬴һ˲䶼
覹ڵϣԼէȻİն
Դ˵졣
һκ̼һԷʱڼֵˣָһơ
ӣŬԼ
ûµģûʲôѹġ
ͲҪˣ
Ǹǰһְһ
-

96м黹û

ģ́ͷʱȴվ̼ҵſڵ
һ㵵ؿԼֽ߬ȭͷд˲á
һ㶣ʶؽ硭
ûв·ѾˣԼ죬ָˤڵϵСôô統͸һأ
ⲻĻҶ׷ױͷΨ񽿺ԲЦš
𿴵ˣصؿһ
ˣǻҪֵʲôʱ򣡻Ӷ𣿡
ҳ󲻿Ҫ֣Ҳ˵ʱ֡
Щ̧ͷһۣ۵׸һƬĮ
ǡˡ
ԲһֻӮ˵Ĺظ覡
ôղŲǺܵˤǰŭȶζΰ
һ۲س˹ȥ
Ȼǰ£Ū˵·һһ㸧ƽ
ûаΪ覶˵ĸоֻԶƵŭϢرǡ
ָϸʵۣ
û˵
ʱʵ湫ô̼ˣ
˫ۣðβתش˵̼ҽһ磬Һ¶ȻѾףô˵Ҳ̼ˣ챾뿴û뵽̼ôƽʱô¶
һ£ԭƽ˱䡣
̼ҲǺܻӭǣҾȴ¶ˡ
ŭվס̼ңֲŮ˵߾ʹߣ
תʵŮҲ䵱ֵ֣ˣᵱô˵棬Ķ⣿
ûж֣Ϊ̼ҡ
ңѾ̵ڵˣ
Ȼ˵ҵŮȻʹѵͽѵ
߬Ŀ죬߹һĨЦ
⿪˳ڵſӣǰһ
ڲŮˣҵŮˡҪʲôȾҵͬ⡣Ժٴһ£һ¡һ䣬һ̼ڱǵӳ⡣ţ㾡ԡ
ʩӳѹ
˵꣬ǣߡ
ȴͣ
һ㶣ͷѵҪ
ҡҡͷм黹û
˵ִ꣬˳߻ǰ
ž
Ҳˣһơ
һα˵ǳԾһֱŵҲλվŭʵʲô
ΪһˣǵһαһŮ˴
ȥҪѵ覣ֲŸ̧ͱ֪ʲôʱߵ·š˲Ӻ
۵ĴУ˵˺ü֣Ű˸ƿˡ
˺üɵؿ覡
ת˵үү쾹ȻμˣζһˡңǳЦĶδġүүǸүүүүֻϰҵŮȴûҪңңֻҪҸ̼ǮҲá
һҭû뵽覾ȻҲ
ת˵ʮǰʼͲҰˣҲûʸҰ֡ʹҸ㣬һ£ֻԭ㡣ҪٸҶңҾͼӱػ㡣
˵꣬ת̼߳ңĲС
վ˵覣ôţǲҪⳡˣǵĿˣ˵㣡
覽̫ӣʲôԺҲ覽һ
Ϊ̼ҵȨˣܽ覵о
Լ׵ҴǲҲҪԼͷϲţ
Բһ˶
ȡ覵Ŀʸźأһ֣
Ѿͷôһ֣үүһĵˡ
覵һ١
ݣ˵үүӻ̼ңΪ˺ú㣬ΪѧãѵҪѧЩƦ𣿡
覵ļ˶վˣΪڿޡ
ֻվǰˣЦ
覻ͷʵںһҽμⳡ磬Ϊ֤һ飬Ѿõˡ̼ҵЩҲ˭˭浱ͼǮ𣿡
Բѻ˵ˣôܲٵһѻ
Ƶ覣㲻ںˣбҲ̼ң
᲻֪Բļϵֻǿ˵һزأɲ˵㡣
˵꣬覴ͷҲص뿪̼ҡ
-

97

뿪̼Ժ覵ͷڽϡ
ĶϷͷΪղŵһ־磬ģڵҲòŵͷˡ
һԲظ󣬿ͷ
¾齭һ·ֱ֮ͨ⡣
ϵķȱĵط˫ɵؿԶĽ棬Ĭ˺ܾá
̼ҵȷǴһҲǳ˶Ŀ֪覲ġ
Ĭӣڴó̺С
̸ֻʱķʱҲϲ̡
̺£һ֧̾ʹ滬˳
·ڴͣóһ˲䣬ȴԥˡ룬ְѴ˻ȥҲڶ
ˣ̰ɡ
ĵء
ҲԴСʱľԺ̻Ҹס
֪Լ׵Ŵҵʲôζ
ѾĵΪԼظ飬Ҫǰֵ˷ϣҲûĵ׵ʧ䡣
ǱϾѪˡ
׼ȷ˵ǶǸ֡ˣһ˿ϣ
Ǹνİ֣޵ʧ
ߵߣȼվţǰĽ档
ΪŽпѵ飬֪ЩҪԼ뿪õġԺһĴһķ羰
ɵʵô˦ˣ治ܿˣ绹ΪӽǧܵΪһˣ̼֤Լءôǲ̫嶯ˣ
ȻҲöԣΪڣҪοһ䡣
ҲΪ˿ġ˵Ϊ衣
һĬ
ףĵһֱҪˡ
Ҫ֤Լġ˵
һۣԸ˵˵ǲǱĺ
˵ôһ¿˵飬ٽȥˡ̼ǼһСãӦӦء
覺Ȼʵ֤ԼͷǵҪһ𣿡
һ㶣㻹бĴ㣿
ۣ覵񣬺ȷС
ĴʲôΪʲôûкԼ
ǣΪүүдš覵˫ַʯϵӣ˵
Ϊҹʯġ
ĸоָ⣬һֱĵס
ȻҶ̼ҵӡǴǰүүӡǲҲΪүүСʱҹҺ輸ΡǺˣҲûҹˡԵһЩǰʱǡүүдţҾˡ
𣬶˵̼ҺΨһϵ
̼ݣһˣҲΪ˵Եʡ
ԣ̼Ψһˡ
ü˵ղ˵ǰӡ󲻴˼ڶӡıˣ
ˡ򴽣ҿȷˣ̼ңûһҵļˡ
ʵΪʲôͻȻô˵
˵ҵȷڰҵүү𾴣ҪҲμӼ磬ҲϲҲһȥˡ鷨Ҿдֺġ鷿ʱĺŮҴںҪѵҵʱĬˡ֪ƣҲһѡԹۡ
֪ΪʲôҪôңҲ֪Ϊʲôǰ󷴲ô󡣡˵ΪҪ֪̼ҵĵλȫƾһ仰ѡҪҪƿҡ
鷿֮ΪҪô񽿳ԣ̼ҵôߡ
Ǹܶƽ˵ˣԼʵشѹ񽿡
֮󣬵飬һȲϣˮı֣ȴˡ
Ȼû˵Ҳûֹ֮񽿵ûҪִʱͣ
ΪʲôΪںǲ裬ҲûаԼŮ
Ҫģһƽ̼ҡ
һĻŵСŮ
Ůûܺеϵ̼Һ֮ЭҵĦõ͡ŮԲվһߣԲ̼ҵ档
ǽϵļٰԭ򡪡ҪƿҪΪ̼¡
Ҳıֳǰ˵̬ԺҪֽѵ
ҪԼ֪Ҫ̼ҹĺãҪĴȡ
ҪĻһС
Ժ󣬲ŽͣҲΪ湦ѡ
뿪ʱÿв
Ǹʱ֪ûаļˡ
Խ㶪һ˵ʸҲһ㶼ÿϧΪ̼ҵġ
-

98ͼ֮

ʵҪô죿
̧ͷһۣޱƽ
һ㶣ʲô
˵Ȼͨ˳ĵõ̼ҵһУǾͨ˳Ļٵ̼ҵһСٵ̼ҺӮ̼ҵÿһˣ֤Լķʽ
̼Ҫ˺ԣǾͱȡǳֶˡ
õ̼ҵһԺҲ׼ֻٵģڲмһֱӽбѡ
Ĳ̼ɵģҲҲ̼йϵ
ǴһԭŹ̼ҡ
Ͷ̼ûи飬һУ׽̼ҵһ˿ϣĥˡ
ϻϷ湻ˣ˷ʱˡŶ̼ҵЩҲ㲻ϻ࣬Ȯ
Ǿֱ͡ӳ˰ɡ
ʱ򿴿ףҽ̳Ů̼ЩĹεĶ
ڣ覵ɨһƬƽ
Щ׵գ߹һĨЦ
ܸоЩһˡ
ɾﲻһȴֲ˵ֻᡣ
ԺСã̼Ҿͻᱻ̻һν̸ΪǴ⬣Լһţ˭˭
Ǹղţ񿴵¶
ǣѾǸСˣȴȻҪ
ȥɡһŤͷ˵Ժ󣬿ɻкܶҪæء
ؼԺ覲û¶καߵɫݾ˯ˡ
˴ޣȷûجԺ󣬲ŽԼӡ
ڶһ磬覰緹Ժ󣬾ֱ뿪췼Է
ÿ϶ǰһ췢飬ͽİš
ɣһԡ̧ͷ˵
Щнү
˽Ҳ̫ڴϰļӣúԼԱͬԷʲô⣬һ˫ڲ
˵˷ݵģȻǰȥˡǲԣ»緹ʣˣ϶ʧ
һҲһԡ
֮ǰǲôˣҨһװ࣬ʵ
ǰүûʱǳǶ·ߣ߳Ժз̸⣬Ҳڷ̸ʲô֡
е֡˵
࣬Щְ飬붼ٹܡ
ֵ飬ŶǺһƬйأһʱ뷢ԡ
⣬СǺúȰŴŴġ
³һ֣˵
˵ǵĴͷŷֳ㣬Ĵ֮һ̼ռ֮ѾǾͷˡ
΢΢ͷ̼ұȣϵĶȷࡣ
һҲܳԳһӣҲ
˵ܼҲ֮һǵ϶ͺйأʵڲǺ͵ϵһЩ˹ϵͦõģ̼Ҳ̫ǲܼңҲһֱûܰѲܼҵˡ
ǹվֵĵطֵطĸﶼС
ǰǺ;үʱҲûټ
ϵģȤ
ǰǵģЩνĵϵˣЩʰ˲١ҲԺΪˡ
֪ʲô˼ͷһۣ˵𼱣еʩչֵʱ򡣡
ӽ࣬Բ˶
ʵռ֮һܼҲռ֮һ̼֮ʣµ֮һ˭ģ
־͹˵Ҳ֪˭ģֻ֪ǸŮˡ
΢΢ЩԾһôãҲ鲻ʱ򡣡
˵ʵ϶ܲģǿҪѺܶʱ䡣ڲʱ򣬷µķҲر𡣡
˵˵
˵ֱǵ⣬ǾүһĸɣҲǲܼңΪ̫رע⡣̼ңŴѴ⡣⣬ǡ
룬˸ʵݣϰҡ
̲סʵʲô˼
˵һʲô⣬˵ע⡣ÿζǶһ㣬һ¡ȥϱ򶰷ӣȤ˻Ͷһ±ߵĳʲôġңӡϰһÿζֻһ㣬ǴûͣЩ£һԺ󣬾ͻ֣ᷢϵ⣬Ķࡣ
һ£Ҳֱᷢǵⳡϣôһˡ
Ժ󣬳޵֪ԷöԸѡͼ֮
-

99벻뵱ϰ壿

ǵⳡý̼ҺͲܼѾ˰ڽɽҪٴĲ붼Ҫǡ
ҪôǺһƴǮǣĸɣ
ܺһһԳôǮ˲࣬õİ취һĲʳ
˭ĵⱻһһ鶼᲻ģǿ϶Żһе⡣
˺ܴģÿֻһСڡ
´ٳһСڣǳԵȴͬһط˵ע⡣
ôջⶫһһڵģȥĶҲԲ١
Ļڱǵ⣬Ѿõ֮һˡ
үҪԸ̼ңҽȺͲܼ硣Ͼ˲ص˭Ҳ֪״ʲô⡣²֡
ۺϷԺ󣬸Ľ顣
ȴҡҡͷܼʲôʱ綼ԣȸҲ˭
ͷԵ˲࣬Ҫһᡣ
֣ܺǸ㵹̼ңͱȺͲܼҪĶࡣ
Ѿ̼˺ˣ֮ҲͲˡ
ͷӦǡ
һ̸꣬緹Ҳˡ
վֵ˵һϴˣǼ覻ۡ
ÿҪĵܶ࣬æǸֻбҪ
ǰµʱǸܸɵŮˣÿҲ磬ѷ鶼ġ
ϣŸ˴ʼϴˢЩǰʱݲ̳ӡ
ߵӣ̫ˣ̳һڳȥɹȸԺ󣬺װ̲ʲôġ
æ꣬תͷͿվſڵ覡
ЦЦôôƽʱǰ˾ŵô
๤覿Цû뵽ҲڷݵʱҲôڿ졣֪ԼŸ١
ץΧȹ˲֣ϿңôȥҶҪ˼ˡ
Ȼô˵ǴϵЦܿĵҲǸ˵ġ
վã˫ֱ󣬶˵л˵
ദʱҲһˣ֪¶ʱ򣬾Ҫˡ
æ˹ȥʲô飬˵
ʵ֮ǰ˵Ҫѧ£ڻ벻ѧ
˫ģȻ밡ⲻһֱڸѧ𣿡
˵⾭ǺȤģСѧС£ѧ¡㣬ѧС£ѧ£
¡ԥ˵
֪²ϲԥˣҲѧЩõĶѧ˴£ԺǮĻŶడ
覹˹ǡ
ʵ벻뵱ϰ壿
ŵûоԵ˼˵ֱ°Ҳ̫߿ˣ
ֶʶ⣬ʲôᡣ
ϰ壬⣬ǲҪô
ԼＸǲû׵ġ
Ц覣㲻ǹѰĵİɣ
ȴûЦ˵ûû£㣬벻뵱ϰ壿
ж£òԼͣˡ
һõ覣ȻûʲôʶҲЩеûġ飬ҲûðҲҪбǮܿ굱ϰ尡
ŶǮ⣬ҿ԰
˵ĺƽŪһǮϰ壬ʲôһ
˺þòŷӦģҪԼϰ壡
˵벻뵱ϰ壬׼ɡ
һĭСĵ˵ͷ롣
Լбµϰ壬˭ҲԸ˴һӵ㹤
¶һЦݣŰɣ˶ãͿһµϰĸоˣ
˵ĻôԽԽ
ϰ壬ʲôϰ壿
ţִӿڴͳһŷ⣬ݸ
˵µĹǮ
һ£Ȼ˫ֽ˹лл覡
⻹ԺĵһݹǮ
Ǯ˵Ƿⲻζʳˡζţ˴ǰˣ￪ʼµ
ŷ⿴һۣʱסˡ
ʮ
˵һ¸ʮǮô˹ʣ覸ʮ
˵ⱾҶĶۣһµı֣ҲҾֵʮǮ
Ȼ˼򵥣ûҪǮΪͿ˿Ĺʡ
Ժֻñġ
µ˶ˣҲȥˡ
ԥƺǲ˼Ǯ
˵°ɣԺһиȥͬʱҲߵĹʡ
Ťûʲô˼ģġ
-

100½ɽһ

ÿ˵ķֹȷ˭ЩʲôָõǮ覵ﶼ
ĻҲþܾǷǮ
˵δ죬㶼ϢˡǵķҪż졣
ʵΪʲôͻȻŰ
˼򣬡˲Ҽ갡ĶҲü׼ˡҰѷĶʰã׼Ъҵɡ
֪覵׼ʲôֻǾصģҺѾ˳ԶĴ㣬ҲٶʣֱӰ˵ȥˡ
覻ᰲźһеġ
覡
ȵĶʰ꣬˵һҳȥһˣ̰ˣͰҸ˵ĻϢ졣Ҫ롣
˵ִ꣬ӿڴͳһŷ⣬˵ϸǶʱ㹤ǮһҲ⣬̰סҹȥ
ͷǮպá
ڷסţ죬ƻһ̼ҵݣʱʲôҲҪ˵ʲôͻشʲôס췼Էʮţʲô飬ֱҡ
覰źЩ󣬾һ뿪˷ݡ
覵ҪڷŲƼ
СʱԺ̼ҵš
ˮԵϷŵҩ衣
ಡǰòŴҽԺһֱ´չ
ಡʱ䱾õˣôһ֣ͨ͸Ŀڲˡ
´ɳվ˵ȥ
´ߵſһ˾Ȼ覡
塣覽е
´ʵôһģôˣ
˵Ϊ˷ݵ¡
ȥɣڡ´˵ֻͦϲģֻҪúϴһƽϵġ
û˵⣬´Ĭͳϴˡ
Ҳûб⣬߽̼ҡ
̼ҵⶰһ㶼´ס
ںףʱ򣬾ͶȥˣһҲٻ̼
𣬵ǲõĻʲôԩ·խ
߽̧ͷһۡ
˵ˣҪ̫ʢ֪̼ҲѾӻչ²̫ԣ
Ȼɳһ۾ٲȻڵ覺ͷϴ
ѾͷҲ̫嶯ˡ
Ȼ֪һǸ˵޿ɾҩ
ֻҪܳϿҵǸΪ̼һ㹱ףԭ覵Щʧġ
˺ð죬Ҳû֨
һһѾԱߵɳ˫ϥ£˱ֱ˫ȻشϥϣƺС
ղ˵ЩڹƶѾ覵ĶԷ磬ԶԶˡ
һ
ѾͷҲ̫˰ɣ
Ťͷװˣ
Ҳʵһ̼ʲô£
覴Ӳóһ˱ԼһǮŵϣ
һǮʮģҲʮģһëëɢǱһƤ
һ˱Ҳһ񽿵Ļȥ˵ʱ覸ǿľ˱
˵ЩҿԺ󣬼ȥԱĹʣеǮÿһǮ˱϶ǵȥ˶һ¡ڷ˸ˣʲôͷйص飬ǶȥûʲôĻҾˡ
˵꣬ʹɳվһϻҲ˵ȥ
ʵʲô˼
覻ͷһۣ˵ӽԺ̼Һûκιϵˡ
һ㶣ԭΪΪǸû뵽ȻԼƹˤģ
˵˵Ȩ覾ѴĶȻҪ˳˵˼ѽ
ѵôɴࣿ
´ס覣˵Ҷе嶯˵ڲԵģȥⴺ飬ȼţҲû˳˼
Į˵ˣ̼ʲôλѾˡҲ̼˷ʱˡ
ⶼһȺİǣαٰ̼Ǯ
˵꣬˾һ
лλ֮ǰչˣԺڱĵطɾͲһ˵Ĺϵˡϣ֮󲻻е̫ȡ
覶ζЦЦת뿪
С
뿪Ժüϵ˱
˱һҳܼϣһ
Ƭ̧̺ͷ´˵ɽһˡ
ɽ˽˻ƣڲϺһ֮֡ǰԲ˽Ǯ飬ɽġ
´㶣Ҫˣѵ覵Ҳ⣿
-

101µϲϷ

һɽͱ´һ绰йˡ
˱ҿ㣬˵ûѽÿһ붼ǵֱ˰񵥻
ٰģˮģټôġ
ٵط˵ݡ
ûĵݣҲдӡ
ʲôĶںעˡ
Ҫÿ˶ôǵƵģҪʡ١
ӯдſë֣˳˼
ʵȥ˷ˣӯǶ٣
ɽ˵˷ķӯٰܶʮߣĿǰǼʵˡ
ʵԲأ˶٣
ɽڨЦ
֮ǰǲ˶˵ԲСͷԣǮǰȥؽֲ˵ʱŷ֣ԲСĵ꣬һپʮ飬ͱûñȡǰװ˷ؽôһضΡ
ţǰ˵ԲǮдˮڡ
ǰԲС˳죬ҲпΪ͵͵ҪԲŵ̺ȥԲβ˶Զ
ϵ˱˵㻹û覵ˡ
𲢲̼ҵЩһ˵
ΪǵľӪ״ɽʱȥһˣʱûжֽš
ʱɽѾԲ˷ˡ
ʣһ覵˻û飬ɽȥģû뵽ȱйˡ
ɽһ㶣̼Ǹ
ͷ
ɽȵҼǵĵڴ
ǸطĵͲãҲʲôǮˣˮƽֵܽ͡üˡ
ͬһµʱôôǮ
ʵ̫˼ˣ
ɽϵ˱ϸϸ
Ƭ̺̲ס̾СҲ̫ˣһҪú˵̼ҵ⣬Ժܿǿˣ
һ£ڴֵط覶ôӯõܳ±ǵһƬ죡
ȴˣ˵
ͺñȽ죬覾Ѿ˦ˣƢɴĺܡ
ԭΪɥĸܿͥůû뵽ӾȻôңίԸܡ
ˣƿأñ֧䡣
˵ȥʵؿһ£û˵ĿܣԺ˵
û⣬覵ǲһ㡣
ȴܴӸȥöȣٳɱһпõԴӯ󻯣ɲһеӡ
Ҫôô覽ӻ̼סһӰˣҲʧΪһѡ
ڣһΪ̼Ǯ
ɽĻ˵ãȥ
뿪̼Ժ󣬾ֱӻ췼Է
磬һؼңŵһŨķ㡣
ſڻЬԺƵ˳ڳæµ㶣ôڣ
覰Ѻ϶ˣ˵ӽ쿪ʼҾ뿪ǼҸķݣȫְɩˡ
۾ģ˫ֲڿڴʵʲôʱҵȫְ̫̫
覿ʼ꣬͵˾
ס覵Դش覵ļϣ˵Ҫ㵽ͲУѾȲҪȫְɷˡ
һ㶣ְҵ𣿡
Ȼ˵ֻҪ룬СҺֻڼ㵱ɷ򣬲Ҫҡ
覱ʾܾľүҿ𡣡
Ƶˮ۱ߣˮͷϴ֡
£һԵë֣ʼԼ
ʵܺģܷС
Ѿ˵θҲСѽ
ÿķԵĸɸɾ
һ飬ѾԼôˣ¶Ȼθڴǲ̫Įһ㣿
覶е˵Ժ󻹿ٳһ㡭
ۡ覰ѷǰƣİɡ
ҡͷԣȸңҪҪȫְɷ򡣡
εͷҪҪҪԵٶҶҪ
鲻ʵȥʲôˣ
覵˵̼ҶϾһαļͥϵ
ʵŵ£
覷ʵΪʲôҪŲ£߶һδضһ·ǶһɵһһǽǶϾϵҵһϺüǽһײһײ۵ĲԼŰ
ϲϷҡ
ĺ
-

102

룬òȻ㶼Ѿ̼ҶϾϵˣ㲻ʱͻؽףүүһ
覺ֱӵؾܾ飺أҲ˵ôΪ衣黹ûд꣬ǲôȥġ
´˴ķ˶еʳ֪ζˡ
覺Ȼ̧ͷ˵磬мҾú֡
ʵʲô£
˵ǰǼǲǶʱ飬˱Ժ󣬺ܶȴʼһˡҸоֻҪڱǣЩ飬һȫһ졣
üͷһ壬еľһ˹
̧ǰ˻ӣ磬ʲôҸ˵أûУ
ûлش𣬶ǵͷһڷ
覶ʵΪʲôң
˵ûʲôǾجεǰˡ
е㲻ǰجΣֲ֪ô֪جεǱǰ໹٣
˭˵Ҳ̧֪ͷ˵ÿ궼ףүүĺܡ֮ǰûجΡ
һҭүүôûи˵
£Ҳ̫˰ɣ
⹫ǲҲ߹һЩСܣ
ЦЦµĵ׵뷨ûСܣҲȫ֪
ѼӲʲôСܣ
˵㷿¹ŵĴװʲôÿһֻֽףѵҵʱ͵͵дҵţҲǲ֪ҪĵԾȫֽף˰ɡ
覵һ죬֪
⹫ôʲô鶼̫ɰˣʲôʱ֪Щģ
߳ŭʵôϹ˵鰡
˵ֲǱˣҹĹԼԺȢѾͷ𣿡
ѽѽԼѾͷߵӣ̫ɰˡ
ԹԺ覾ҪȥæԲų극þҪˡ
覵˫ְϣ׼ϳʵ磬鷿ܽȥ𣿡
ڳϵһ٣ͷ˵Ҷûнء
ֺǺǵЦˣԺ󣬾鷿
ƽĶۣʵǸĻˡ
ڶԺ󣬾ûټѧҵˣֱȥأѧº̡
뿪Ժ覻һΪϧ˺ܾá
ǵøѧУʱŶǵһ
ʶʦûһǲġ
ףҵЩ꣬⹫ţѧϰûһġ
ϴѧԺȴûٶˡ
ԭ򡭡ҲΪ
ڴѧȹഺ껪ߡ
֪Լмһڡ
ס췼Էôã⻹һν鷿Ҳ֪鷿صĶдʲô顣
覹鷿ţǽߵһŴӡ
Ȼˡ
Сϼ顷սߡСʱۡ徭ѧ׶ɭϵ
覻п顣
飬ôôߴϣ
Ǿˣԭ㲻ѧУҲûзѧϰ
⾭̴󶼲ףæóԲϷ㲻ˡ
ֻ»飬ʱôģ
Ҳ̫ˣ
観һ飬ߵ£ҳȻϰڷһƬ
ƬȻЩˣǱĺܺãһҲûб۹ĺۼһƬʱ䣬͸ˡ
СʱƬרʦĵġ
Ƭıһôڴ£Ц绨ۼ⣬һ¿Ƭȹӡ
ɫȹȹǵķɫ
ԺһʹƬžһˤϡ
ҡҡͷоԺʲô֮Ҳκġ
ܵľڲͣת񿴵˴ǰǰĴҲ˻Ǹꡣ
ʱ
ǵá
ʱһٵ
͵ػع񣬴˿
ŵϵƬȻһֿ־СԼģԼΪʲôҪ¡
廹ͣ覼߳鷿һ˷š
˳Ǹ鷿Ժ覲ŸоԼһڻص˺һڴڵĺ
Ȼǽڣſڣ˷š
⣬һŮ˴һ˫ʱֵĸ߸Ьվ
΢ĳһϥİȹԸеòСֱţϹһɫİ
Ů˿װƽƽһۣʵ𣿡
һ㶣˭
Ů˹޵㴽Īˣ˵
-

103ҺǺһ

覿һǰװʱֵŮˣʵǣ
Ů˵ҽн˼˼סûɣ
ԼԺн˼˼Ů˵йѶϢһʶŮˣŮʶ
ˡ˵
ûϵҿѾǵһεˡ˼˼˵ţ߹ؼ
覱۾˿½˼˼ð׼ȿ⣬پһŮҪȡ̬ȡ
˼˼ԺЬҲûɳ
һ˫۾ĩˣ˵ǽֽÿɫ̫أûһʱֵĸоӣ̫ˣ˼ҵĶװ޵ķһ㶼ҵĿζ
ոչŵ覷˸ۡ
⾿ųҰ
ԺֶԸָһͨ
ϲϽ˼˼Ŀζйϵûס治֪˼˼һʲô
˼˼ĳӴ󵽵СһԺ󣬲Żͷһվش覣ӱָʹȥҵ衣
ߣ˼˼˵п𣿡
覻ͷһۣҪͦࡣ
˼˼ȴΪ覲ʲôǿȣ˵ϲȵֶе࣬һ˶ûġĥģĿ㡣
ûж˼˼üˣһСķӦҲʲôпȣ㻹ǸݱɣҪȺ衣
ԭǰСķˡ
覷˸ۣȥ˼˼һŵ˸ոձϡ
С㣬Ȳ衣
˼˼ؿɳϣûкȲ裬ǿԼָף˵Сķֽŵͦ졣
覹ǣС桭ʶ
ʶ˵ǻȴֻһֳƺ
뿴˼˼ʲô
˼˼˵ʶҺ֮ǰһ档еᣬһͦϲġ
˼˼ߴȱˣЩûһǹ˵ĳʡǴЩӸ磬֪棬ԼϵǼǮûһ־
Ͳһˣһֱ˱ȲϵζҪˡ
ˣɱȺЩ棬Ҫ˼ˡ
ҲԶشӽܹ
Ӣòͦˣ˼˼϶͸˼еŮߡ
˵Ǹ֮ǰûСء
覹˵ĺɻԴ˼˼ע⡣
û˵ң˼˼ɫһǺܿ˵ʶʱ䲻ãֲʲôҪˣûиҺ
˼˼˵ţһԼ·
Ȼֽ˵ǽҵŮڽĹȦûм˲֪ҡԶûд֡
㶣ң
ļôһָľҺң֮ǽңȻƼҡ
⼸һֱûʲô飬Ҳûôע˼ҡ
˼˼ǸңǵǸǮ˼ҵŮ
꽭ڽͷʢΪиˣﵱ˹١ģǸҪ˴򽻵
һϵڹټߣǶһ㷽㡣
˼˼ҽܣǸЦ
ڽĹȦûм˲֪仰ǲǿɣһչĽʻ
ҽ˼˼ƺʮΪеԺ
覲ɫʵСôҵģŰᵽǲã֪ס˲ء
˼˼˵Ǻ̸ҵģ˵סҾ͹ˡŶҺڴ󡣡
ڽҲûʲô
ü
ҪǺһ
ɳ飬ΨһĿܾǽ˼˼ںߣغϹϵ
ʵеĺ̣Ǻӳ죿
ǰ˼˼ɻؿ覣ôֱӽк̵֣ʲôˣ
ЦһȷԼĵ׵뷨˰죬ԭǱӳ֧ʹŮ˰
ӳΪ˸鷳伫
ڸ˵鷳ĲЩŮôЩкøУҪŮˡ
Цʲô˼˼覲Цܲˡ
ŪǰŮ˵ݣҲڿڽ˼˼ǰ
˫ֻأһ˫۾ֱضŽ˼˼䲻ȣҲǺӳʲôˣҿԸ㣬ʲôˡ
覹ǣ׵δޡ
˶٣ֲҲͯϱ
-

104²Ҫ

˼˼Ժ˺һ߲ǣһЦݡ
˼˼˵񾭲һСķҲǰףʲôʱͯϱˣȰ˵Сĵ㣬ɲʸˣСĵˣ㣡
ղãԽСķԽ˳ۡ
ȻСķͦƯģǶǷ˼ͲԽƯԽǴ
ЦѾ˵㶼֪Բѵ˵ںáС㣬Ƿ𣿡
Ƿֱ˵ֲǲҴ
˼˼һ´ɳվɰƽҲĨȥüҵιҾ㣬ҷص㣡
СķӻǴ󣬾ȻҶű
ԱŭĽ˼˼ȴֵĸƽ
֣Ǳݸ˼˼ĺҲ˹Լһڡ
˼˼ԼĲ豻覺ˣһ
ȴĿڵС㣬ҾѾ㹻ءð˵ķʱҾͿ԰㶪ȥûСԱ˵ļָָʱҲԶס죬ûСЩҸء
Цһ㲢ûлرͬءұԺ󣬽С˵񾭲С㣬鷳ںҷƢʱסҺļң÷һˣ㡣
˼˼һҪѵûⱭˮֱõ˼˼ϣ˼˼øлļҽ̺ˡ
˼˼˵ⷬԼǰŮ˵ݶûŪ
ǰŮ˶ܽг̵ȫɼҲһһˡ
ʵ㵽˭
覹ǣʼ˽ҽܡ
ҽ覣һ𳤴÷С޲ĺôʣǵġһֱҵͯϱǰǶףͬͬסҺء
֮⣬ղ˵ʲô飬ǶǹƨﲻţٸԼ
˼˼һһףꡰͬͬסԺ˶
˼˼һָָ覣˵ǣѵѾ
ǸòᣬǼҲ˰ɣ
֪˼˼ڰʾʲô飬Ȼ֮䲢ûȴûиһ񶨵Ĵ𰸡
¶һζЦݣһ˫ִԼĴ
ʾʮĵλ
˼˼ĶԺŭգƿڴҪ
ЦЦεε˵ôûнСŵĲҪôңҲ£ӦòںɣСҲһˡʱȥҹء
۵Ļɫʲôõģ㶥һʱ֮
˼˼˵꣬Լİһ˫߸Ь뿪ļҡ
覿űݺˤϵķţɫ
ʲôɫȻ͸ˡ˵ں͸紦
͸̸ģֵõ˼˼ô
ӳǸŮһǹģ֪粻öԸŪ˸Ů˹ĿľΪ˸Ҳʹ죬ҲҲʹ졣
ǵ黹ûܳôŮˣ˼˼ȻǱӳ쵱ǹʹˣŻҫһͨ
õǳֶΰѽ˼˼ŪߣԺ˼˼϶ͷܣʱࡣ
˼˼뿪췼Է
ߵֿԺʮֲĵػͷһۡ
覵Ů˳ֵ̫ͻȻˣûһ׼
ǽ˼˼ϸһ룬ֽȫŭתƵ˺ӳϡ
˵һıôðһͯϱδޣ
ӳ쵽ô£
ӳҵˣ֪ܲ飡
ǿûЩӵŮ˹ϵŻῴܵˣҲ
סĵַǺӳġ
ҲܿϺӳԴٻŮˡŮ˵氮˵ˣǾǸСǺ꾫
Ǻӳϵ˵̸һٳΪһԶŶԺӳĹ۵ġ
ֳôһӳ쵽ʲô˼
֪ڼﻹ˸ŮˣͲôððʧʧܹˣɶˡ
Ǹ覵Ů˲ŻãҪǸ´ŮˣǶģɾһҵ
˼˼ɶˣ
һ뵽Լղűܵ˼ȥʾӣ覵һӣ˼˼ĵ׾һѻ
ѻ̫ƱҪճȥܻĵ׶ŵǿ
ȥǵҺӳ
-

105ⲻϵ


ӳڰ칫ˣȻһ֣Ű칫ҵžͱƿ˼˼˽
ӳԱʹ˸񣬱˳˷䡣
ӳƹӣЦӭⲻǽҵĴСôôпܵˣ㲻ȥȥ𣿡
˵飬˼˼Ļһð߸ߡ
㻹֧ʹȥǣ㵽װʲôģ
ӳ첻֪ΪʲôôֻסˣʵѽҵĽС㣬⵽ôˣ
˼˼ûɫźӳʵѾһ׵Ůˣ֪֪
ӳһ֪˼˼˵ģԼ׵ǸףҵѾͷˡ
ӳæֵʲôװǶԼϹʱҵŮˣĳûͷأ㲻
˵ű߰ѽ˼˼˵ĸ֮ý֮ԣˣˣŮˡ
仰ӳûƭ˼˼֮Ի飬ҲΪүӿý˼˼
ҺҶǽĴŻǽףƥ䲻ˡ
ȻŵغףҵǸѾͷף׮£үӿһֱûб̬˵ϿɻǲϿɣ罭˼˼˼˼ߡ
ӳ쵱Ȼܿãæ޷Ϊ£һǲүӵĺøУҪʹӡ
˼˼ˣȻҲʲôô覽ˣĻǴúܡ
ףҵѾͷСҪõĲУףȻ̳ϲ񽭼Һô⣬ҲһԼһ·ӡ·ӣһġ
ĺףѾͷףҵѾͷֿ԰һҲԸԺҵĵλ͸᧿Σˡ
ʱһ֣ѽ˼˼Ҳקý˼˼Ǹ覶˵ܰ覸ȥ
ٲãҲŮ˶ܾ˰ɣ
ӳϣľ覺ͽ˼˼ȻǾͿԳû֣Ū⣬үӶʧ
ͿԼĶҵˡ
ֻû뵽˼˼ȥ˱ǲһ죬ֻˣ𼱻ǵԼ鷳
˼˼˵ң˵Ͳҿ覿ɲô˼ȥʱ򣬷סһ𣬻˵Լͯϱأ
ӳһ̲סЦ˳С㣬Ȼ覹أͯϱһҰôܻڱأ
˼˼ϸһ룬ȷô
ӳ˵ȥ˱Ժ󣬲źֹϵģ˳ӢÿҵĳӣһǿƤ۸취ˣöռ㿴ⲻϵ𣿡
Ž˼˼侲ӳȰСʱҪãҲûжŮˣ;õˡǸȵ㰡㲻֪ɣʮǰũ峤ģ
ũ֣˼˼϶ʱ¶һɱ֮ɫԭǸ˰
ӳȴǰôһˣôܺǧȣֻҪץĺãȻͻᶪǸѾͷˣ
ӳǸ˵֣˼˼ԽԽԼϷ֮ǰѹԼϵǹŭ˿Ҳʧˣֻʣĵİա
Լʱôͱ覸ƭأ
ӦҪڱǣѽ
ӳƺǿ˽˼˼뷨οǸӶǱ˿յƣ㵥ŻᱻƭˣԺֻҪۣĵˡúץסҪģ
˼˼꣬ص˵ͷ
԰ں磬ֻҪץס磬Ǹʲô
˼˼˼ؿ˺ӳһۣ˵̣ղ̫嶯ˣҸǸǧȥ
˼˼̬ת䣬ںӳԤ֮С
ҪһԺ˵Լæʱ򣬽˼˼ܲԼϴ
ӳЦһС£ôСˣֻҪܺҽףĵ׾ˣ
˼˼ӳĻʱο
ӳִյ˼˼ߣ˵ү٣һģҪ紦ùϵһҪƯƯĹ
˼˼˫Ȼ֪ˣлл̣
ˣӳ˵ûʲô飬ȻȥɣﻹкܶҪæأ
-

106¿ϧ˴

˼˼뵽Լղʧı֣Ҳͷãˣ
˼˼˵꣬򿪷˳ȥ
ʱȥʱ򣬻ݽȻͬ顣
ڷſڣ˼˼ֲײһӭˣҿ˱ܵÿ죬ֻǲһֱۡ
˼˼̧һʶӳ׶ӡҲûдкֻ΢΢ͷԺ󣬾ֱˡ
˰칫ңԺӳʵ裬ղǸǽҵĴСɣ
ӳ쿴һۣߵ˵ǰ
ٺһЦҿõͦģϧ˴硣
ӳһҿɲȢŮ˵ϱ
Ϊʲô˼˼ƯֺãҲүүƫŻһҵĴСʶ
˼˼ȻǽҵĴС㣬ڽҵĵλҲƢҲ̫ˡҪȢһŮһӣҪȢһװͰ͵Ů쳳ܣҪǣ˼˼Ǹ
ӳ⿴һۣмԺɲȢŮˣҪҾһͻݵģôãٲƭ˼˼ģԺ϶Ϻȣ
Ȼ˵ҾŮƯˣҪʲô
ӳֻԼû־ɸֵ˵ƯҪãЩվֵСǮŮ˵ģõųֻǮҪģǮһУ
ӳ˶٣ʵ֮ǰ飬𣿡
ˣøǮһֶû١ںӳǰһ˵ŵ˺ӳǰ
Ǻӳ˽￪Ĳ賧˵
ӳ췭˷ɫѿʵ⵽ǴѧУȻƹˤܵǰȥҪǮ
Ѿ뵽취Ǯˣû뵽ͻȻôһò֮ǰ˵ǮҲ³ûֱȥүǶȻ賧ɾҪסˡ
˵Ǯ֮ǰȥˣȥǰ֮ǰרȥһ˱ǡ
ӳüͷæ
ͷӦǡ
ӳ룬˵֮ǰ˽⣬Ӧòа
ͷ˵ⳡʲô˾ӣ裬뷨ҲҪ̫ˡ˿ҲһˣԼ֮ǰҲһЩ̫õֶδǮ𣿡
ӳĻһӣ裡
ͷǣ裡
ӳ˵ÿôŬǮΪ㣬ûĵСǣȻ˵ң
ϲľӳ߶
ԼĶ䣬˵У趼ǶԵģˣҲȥµļˡ
˵꣬ɵ߳˺ӳİ칫ҡ
ŵʱ˸ղŽ˼˼ֱ۲Լ첲ʱǸУ治
Ȼһ߹һĨЦ
費Ȣ˼˼ŮˣҲʶ
˼˼ŵÿܸһ͸ˡ
뵽ͳ˿ڴĳԿף첽ȥ
ǣ覴ӽ˼˼뿪Ժ󣬾һֱڿûٻ鷿
ǽ˼˼Ӱ飬鷿֪ΪʲôƬЩ¡
ղŽ˼˼ĵǸһĻᡣ
ʱ֣شŤ졣
򿪷ţڴ߽ӣΪһط˵ȴǴɳϣԼ˫ȵ覡
һͷīڼϣϥһֻ¶Сޡ
üͷһ壬ϵļһߣ߹ȥʵ¶ôˣǲﲻ
Ϥ̧ͷһۣҡҡͷ˵ûУҺܺá
˵Լû£̽̽ͷ¶ȣȷûգһ
ʵôһģɫô
覲ԼΪƬ䣬ܰƬ鷿һǺϧƬģԼʵһƬҲˡ
һجεѾܵˣԴ¥ˤԺ󣬿һЩʱʱͻָܣٶġ
룬˵˼˼ˣ֪˭ɣ
ɫһ˵֪ҵĴС㡣
˼˼ҵﲻֻ֣Ҫ׾ܴԼס
֮ǰǶѾͽ˼˼˵ԼûϷôܵˣ
淳
û뵽˵һʹ˵Ҫ磬˵ڴ󡣡
һϵûе£ҪŸף
-

107ĸ

ɲʵô
϶˵һǼʱ򣬲Ǹ߹ôүү˸ŮˣҪҺ飬ǸŮ˾ǽ˼˼
΢΢˵ͷô¡
˵һμûȥڽʱ򣬲֪ôҵˣʱͺ̯ˣ˵ҺûϷ֮ǾҲû
ķĺܣǸ˼˼װʲôģ
ƻ¶Ĺϵ
覾ؿ˰żģȻЩȤ
һȺ껹ҪˣڽʱȴԵôִ١ͺһԩ͵ǵĺӡ
Ȼ⧲˽ĻԼĲӱ߲˲䡣
һ
覿۾˵磬ҾǸ㿪Ц㲻Ҫôš֪粻Բҵģ
鲻Цֻ첲ɳƣһظ粻鿪Ц
㶣û뵽ôࡣ
˵˵ĸǺׯصģӦЦľǸ顣粻ϣ͸ĸ飬Цģ𣿡
覵˵ͷ
һչȥĶͷһڡ
ٴչ黹̫Сڸ飬׵Ҳ
ûϵԼģʲôǰ
覸Լͷϴ¶ȣ
˴£ҲѵԼˡ
Ȼȫĸء
žµС˵Ȼ˵˼˼ˣ˳̸̸ܺүүɡ
һ㶣ʵүү
ͷ˵ԣүү٣ȥүүĺûᡣҲԴҵˡ
ôżô覵ͷе顣
˵ʲôڣǳ㣿
ͳȥףҵͬʵȥҡ
СʱӳıԺ͸ȥˣȻҵ˽⣬ǶҵЩˣϤȴûм
˵ҵˣֻʶ
һүү潨ҵһ潨ҵΪһµĹؼʵʱ򣬾˾˲ûϯ˾ȥġʱ潨ҵҴҼһ档
һĸԴˡ
ʶԴΪ˾ָűֽ
˾˵Դⲻ˾˾˵һѵǮ
ôԴͺӳ⾭Ǽƣ
֮ǰΪӳǮæô
治֪ԴͺӳǷ򳪸棬Ǻӳ⾭ǴԴѧġ
֮ˣʲôˡ
ʶĵˣǾǺӳˡ
ΪСʱӳԺӳǸŮڶ覻ڡˡ̶ȣƽ롣
ţˣǺ衣
̫ͬˡ
覵ͷ˵ðɡүүϲʲôҵʱ׼׼
˵үүûʲôرİã㰴˼һյİ͵ˣүүҲȱЩ
覲ͬ⣺Уһμүүһ׼õİɡ
һӡҪŬȡһµġ
ʵȡǾ˵
Ժ󣬵˵ͷãʲôҪҰæģ㾡˵
һͨ覸оԼϵѹ˲١
ŤͷȻЩһֱɳ飬ˣȥ
ȴǣ֣
첻ˣȥԡ
һе˷ܣȥĶ԰Ҫȥ¹ô
˵¥
һ㶣ϵЦ̡
ıе㲻Ծʵôˣ
˵ǺǱķݡ
ЦֲǳԲ𡣡
˵꣬ɷ˵観š
ߵ췼Էźŵʱȥţһˡ
ү
ֵԱߵķӣƽʱǾסҲð¡
ô꣬ҲСлˡ
ȻҪǣⷿһǮæġ
ڸô󷽵ĵط
ͺñ֪ֵܾԲܱҲֵܼ»Ǯ
йϵͶʡ
˵ʰʰȥ¥Է
һ㶣һ磬үȥ¥Էˡ
ʮġһܿʹ˳
֪ԭڼҵʱ򣬶Լܷġһ
ף˵ү߰ɡ
-

108Ҳ²

һ·覼¥˳´缸֣ǳ˳顣
ȥ֮ǰ·˵磬һ·Ҷ룬Ըôòôߵĵطɣ˷Ǯ
ʮؿοС㣬ҪиүҲ¥̽̽Ϣ
һ㶣ʵ̽ʲôϢ
֮ǰôû˵һ磿
ǣߡ
˵һоͷԵŮˣʶʶⴺ¥µġһֱţҲ¶˵¥ľʶԷҲ˳̽̽Ŀڷ硣
һ
ͷһۣʵôˣ
ָ̨ףߵˡ
Сĵ㡣һ䣬̧¥ߡ
ͷ̨ףֿ覡
Сղûƽˤɣ
ȥˣû룬Ҳȥ
¥һ¥ߣÿһĲ˵һƥĳȻҲһġÿһ㣬˼۾͹ࡣ
ֱ¥Ҫһ䡣
Աڿ죬ͽݲ˵
ʹ˸ȳȥˣҲ֪ȥʲô
Ѳ˵ݵǰϲʲôԼ㻹Ǹ㣿
ʱʱſһۣƺʲôˡ
˼棬ʻʱû
һʵ¶ʲô
峴ɽҩⱨּ濴
üڿʲô
覺Ȼع˵ղź񿴵Բ
ôˣôһֱ⿴𣿡
ջԼߣæ˵ûûУҾ㿴
˵꣬ͷԼǰӡ
ɻؿܸо¶еֵֹġ
һֻˡ
үǽĲɣ¥ľڡ
һͷʱ̧ڣΪʲôڣ
˵˵ǼӣȥҽԺˡ
覹һЦѽ°
Ŀһα˹ȥ˼ӣ㼤ʲô
ӶǺ£Ұæֺֺǡ˵꣬Ѳ˵·һ˵Էôô㣿ˣ
ۡ
¶ı֣ر͵͵ġ϶Լء
¥극Ǿͻ췼Է
ûͥԺ覾Ϳվſڵ
覿첽߹ȥʵ㣬ôʱˣ
춼ҪˣʱΣհ
˵֮ǰڷݣ˵˻ô˵ûˡ
覵иֳЦ⣬򿪷ߣ㣬˵
覽֮ǰͷ
ǵվŵʱһȴˢһºˡ
æͷ󣬿첽ӡ
һ㶣ףʵҳúֲܿ𣿡
ᰡ
ɻˣΪʲôÿοңͶĲУ
һ㶣ô֪Ӧȥ
˵ҲŲأһһŮ⣬ë
˵꣬ת߻Լӡ
ָһɳ£תݸ˱ˮݵϡ
ʱҲ߽֪Ҫ̸ǣֱӽ鷿
£ϻһûбŻȥ顣һ̧ͷȻ˵һߵƬ
㶣Ƭ
Ȼ뵽˽ʱ覵ģƬĿȴϵƬƵ鷿ſڡ
¶òΪƬš
ĺ˹ϵƬ˽ȥ˳롣
һˮżҪ˵ڷ﷢飺覡
ִ̧ȱ˵Ҳ²¡
覲ûſʼߡ
ӦǸƣ˱һ⣬һ߻ڼǶһ˺Ĳ԰˼ۺ͹ʵ⡣
㵵ؿ覣Ĳš
˵һҲô֪ģ
Ǹʱڷﰡ
ǰ˵Ҳµġ
ôܲµô׼
ЦЦû˵
ӯ̫ܶ϶šһݵһ£ûٵĿܡ
ȥ˱ļ¼ÿһ֧ѡ
ǸƣӦþ˽˻ƣǾŵùˡ
ʵȻѾµˣҪô
-

109

ʵǸʹڵס𣿡
ͷ絷⣬ˣҸˡ
ĦȭƣǾͺãţϷܿҪˡ
˵꣬߻Լķ䣬ӳóһһԿףת߳˷䣬ݸ
˵ͲٻСζˣȥĵַĶʰһ£Ķ¥з䣬һϲģס죬֮һȥ㡣
ͷá
ûʲô£ΨһľǸ覵İ飬Ϻȡ
Ҳ覵ݹȥһ114žǲƼļң֮ǰʵġ
覵˵ͷַ
˵꣬Ҳ췼ԷŵСڹӣֱ뿪ˡ
뿪ļңߵźܶõĻԣһߴ˾ʹӻԺ˳
ѽһ˼ԼؿѹһǸڻԺˣȻ
Բߣôߴ˲ں治ܿղѵһֱǶŵģ
ʵʲô˰
ﻹỤ̋ĿббƮǸңл㡣þˡ
һۣһһξ룬ɶѽֲġ
Сֱ˵Լĵ׵뷨ֻ˵ʡ
˵㿴϶ʲôǻ˵ϻ𣿡
˵񡣡
ʱͼˣʲôһξˣػضô£֪ĻΪҰôء
㡭һĭ˵̫ǿ׳ˡ

ʵǿ׳ʲô°
һɪĸˣ߶µ˵̫̫׳ˣе¡

һļ⣬ӦǺô£
˵׳ˣۡ
㶣ֲ㣬Ҹʲô
ûнͣƹҴҵܵˡܵ˽ֿڣͷһһֵĺ覸Ūʪˡ
ǸĶӵŮˣ治֪˵ʲôá
ʲôŮˣȻĸһֻһηӡ
뿪ԺͻԼӡ
ˣͷһۣ˵磬еð
û˵ӾԼȥ
һ㶣ôоԼûɵذ˴һڻ
ڶ磬˼Ƭϣõ˿ɳϿ˱ʵôȥ̸⣿
뵽챻սƬϷʵûҪ̸飬ڼϢ
˵꣬ϸ۲覵ɫ
覵ǱֵĺɣûбֳʲôܵƬӰӡ
ҡҡ˱ʵҪ𣿡
ߵ£ʵʲô
һ̧ʹ覵˹ȥȦԼĻ
°Ĵļϣ˵ҵ˵ÿһݻܸҿ
һ㶣ҵ˵ҿ
Ȼһתͷ°ϵ飬Ҫı
ǹ˹иֳһĨЦ⡣
ˣ

عԺæԱ߿ȥҪŬ־롣
Ա߾ְֱۣ˻ԥһ¡
еЦһ˫۾Եĺҹǳôľ룬׿ϧˡ
覺ߣͷû˵
˦˦ļһɴеļƣ˱˱
̧ͷļȥǻûִۣȵĺ
˵ʲôʱ֤ˡ㡣
õĶһô͸о¶ϵζҪرһء
иʶʲô㣬һҹġ
һͺ޲ҧһڡ
ҹζһܺá
覱㡭
˦˦ļҪվ˻˱һˣôܸĵ飬ʲô
ޣԽԽˣ
ʱȻ
ڵһɣɳıĻһվ˵Լȥɣȥţ
ôûˣɫһ
˭ĵ׵Сϼһʡ
Ŵ򿪣覿վ´һ㶣壿
ƺ̧ͷ⿴ȥɫѿˡ
̼ҵģ
Ȼʲôö
-

110Ҽƽ

⣬´վȰؿ˵覣ӷݵԱ㡣Щ̸̸Խȥ𣿡
覵˵ͷÿһ·´ɡ
ȻԭһȰġЦ´ڿɳϵԺЦ˲佩Ӳ
´ЦЦ
ǣû뵽ɣҲء
ָ˱Լ۾ֶ´۾մ˴ʾԼʱ̶ء
´һ㶣֪Ϊʲôܴϣܵһĵ⡣
ָָɳ˵壬ɣȥˮ
˵꣬ת߽˳
´£һɳϣĴȼһ޳˫չ˳ƾͰռһɳ
´ǳ˳飬һǹʳĵ⣬ŲһѾҪմƨɣת˸һɳϡ
ʱ覶һݺõĲӳˡ
覰Ѳݸ´Ժ󣬾
´һЩΪʵǡסһ
´˵꣬һ飬ǸµһģȻ˵԰ͬأܵ
´üͷ壬ҵӸ磬ǲһš
覼´죬Ϊ´˦ˣŤͷһۡ
ӭϵģȴһº͵ģ崺ЦĶţʵ¶Ҫرһ𣿡
ףûʲôֵİǶղʲô飿
ѵΪһȥ̼һͨ飬öгɼˣ
ɾ岻ϲ磬ҲӦļɫҲ̫ظ˰ɡ
뵽ĵ׶´ǵøУҲʧˡ
覶˵ãûʲôǸ粻֪ġ
ҵ˵Ҹ´̸ʲôøġ
ЦЦ̧Ժͷá
Ψ´һ㵵ؿűɿ۾ˡ
СӸղŷ
ǿ¸ģѧ¸İɣװ
覻عͷ֮Ƶض´ü
´һᡣ
ͻȻеô죿
´һڲ裬ƽһԼ飬Լʧ̬
覻ͷ´˵ǸɩƽʱҲס
´㶣˵ǲѾôɩ
覶ˣ˵˽ΪǻδɵĻϵӰǷϵĹӶϵ
´һҭô¡СӣҪֹϷҲܲ˰
壬˵°ɣ̸ʲô
´Ŷһĺɫİóһ˱ŵϡ˱ʶ֮ǰ¼֧Ǳ
覵ǹ˹Ѿ֪´ˡ
˵ġ
´˴֣˵˰ɣ
覵ͷǰ
´˵˱ݶүүѾˣĺܺá
üһƬϳòõģҶѾ˳ˣ˵Щ𣿡
´覻룬ٶ¶ǸġЦ
үү֮ǰˣϺ֣ЩϧˡԾȥ֮ǰǳˡҲƽ֮ǰֵ̼Щˡ
´˵ĺί񣬵ȴúס
Ļǣвܣ̼ҪˣһǴȵĲǰأͶ̼ҵĻɡ
´һԺüͷ
̼ҵЩˣǹҪġ
覵ҪɨسԺ󣬻ܰѻ˵ôƯǶȣһ
˲ǸԼװ
ʲô
ƵسһƬϣ̧һƤͱӽͰ
ȻŤͷ´˵Ƕ尡Ҽƽء
´һ㶣㵵ؿ覡
̼ѾԸ½ˣѵôǲͬˣ
覿´۾ʵ̼ҶִȥҲûаأ񽿺ԲҲǷǴҲöж๫ƽȻ̼ݲңΪʲôҪȥװװǮȻԼҲʹ𣿡
εľ˵ˣǽп̼ҵĺ󱲡
˵ˣǾٵıǮ̼Щ󱲵Ǯ̼ҰǮ˭Ǯ
ΪЩǮǿ˵һ֣ҪϽ̼ҵġ
ΪǾҪ֮
Ǵ򹤣ԵԼرƽӣĵͦ
-

111ʹᱻ

´˵һϯ˴Լ˫֣ſڵ覣֪̼ίˡӼȷ̫ƫˡ
´ʣǰټ飬ܻ˭ûô׹ȥ
覵ͷû˵
ƫ
֣ڸǷĵ׵
ÿһСɶءͲһ
´һ覵ɫû̫ķӦ˶٣˵ǱϾһˣ֮пĿʱЩ˵˾ͺˣûҪԼ˼ƽϡ˵Բԣ
ˣӦһֱҪİɡ
뿪̼ôĺӣڿԻص̼ңܲں˵ġ
´ã֣Ӧû
Ļ̧ͷ´һۡ
ԡ˵壬ҲǾãһֵ˴Ůһƣ໰ûʲôˡϵĸĸġҸ㣬ǡЩֻǹ˸ĸͷѣⲻǾһְĸĸ
ĸҲôԺû캢ӾˣҲֻǽѵѵѣмǺ޸ĸĺء
ʵǣʹҲ溢ӵһ
ʹʱǻᱻǵġ
ҲǳԺǻĳһʱ̣ͻȻԼʱĸĳֻãʱνĸ׶һͷҰޡ
ʹʱ𣬷ӿ纣ХԻһ˵ġ
ʱ˭ǵʹ
ûУûһ˻ں
ĸ˵ΪǺãҵʱֻһʱ
Щɶãǻһƣ֣裩Ҿ͸ù㣬Ϊ㣬ҶһжǶԵġ
ĸĸЩ
һĺ͹ذϸӣȴռŸĸͷԺʩ
ʲôҪеŭ
䣬䵱һסٲ䵱ĸס
ҪƽϣƽЩʹ
Ϊ֪ԼΪԼ磬̼Ҿûһ˻ں˶ˡ
˵ҵÿһСҶǵãͲҺһȥһҵʱүүҲûκεıʾֻ֮֮񽿺Բҵ裬Ҳûκ˲ȥܡ壬˵ļνһˣҲҪҡ
´΢΢Щ˵Ļʵ˵˵ҪôԸ̼ң
˴ίҲҪһͷС
˵Ǹ
´ɴУǸԲ𣬵ʱûĸܡ
ȴ˵˭ģ˭ͷǸ
´û˺Ҫ´ĵǸ
´һ㶣΢΢ü覣㲻Ҫôִ
񽿺ԲаʩѹҪǸ覵Ǹǲܡ
ǴƢ;ְӣϲ覣˭ܿĳֻһҪͷǸǲܵ顣
ҪʵѰ졣Ǹĺӣ̼ҲûΪõز
ЦЦҹִ𣿡
ʵ˵һǸѵôһǸõҸʲôҿɲ̼浽׬Ǯߡ
֪´Ϊʲô
´Ǵ̼ҡ̼ҪסԼ޷
һΪˣľӪɹΪǸӣֻҪúԺͿ԰̼Ǯǲ붪Լѵ͹
Ѫ׿ɲõŦ
ôȻΪ
̼ҵһֱѹţһܲ
һĳ֣һ𿴳ԼĹĲһ㡣
̼ϣܹùϵԺҲԶòһ£Ȱһ֡
ֻҪ̼ң̼ڽͻл·һεļ磬ҲΪɲžٰ
ǲǳһɣص̼ң̼¡
̼Щ˵ĶѾ͸ˡ
´򴽣ɫصһˣαֳ覣㻹ᣬܶסȰһ䣬ۣ̫ɲʲô¡
´ؾһ覵ɫһ
Ѿֹһε˵̼ҵЩ˵ˣ´ȴҪü˵һϵ̼Ұһȥ
ȥ֮ܵõʲô
أǹػ
ʲôеġ
ȥˣ̼ҵЩˣǻǰһЦ
ΪνġһˡֶЭ
壬ҽΪһ̼ûаһ𼷶ңŵġҲôǷǲ֣һϸҵĻҲûʲôú̸ȥˡˣҲˣذɡ
-

112ǲ᣿

´һӵĸ壬û뵽覵µôɴ࣬һѻߣֲòȥһ䣺覣飬ϸ롣
վ˵ˣҲȥ
´ⷬԺҲվûü˱ջعİɫǺܺÿ
кöû覽ء
´תߣߵſڵʱȴ̲סͷһۣƺʲôҪ˵ѡ˳Ĭ
Ǿ󣬸һľ
ʱվ覵ļ˵£
覲֪ΪʲôҪ´Ǿ֮䣬Ӧòʲô£͵ͷӦˡ
̶塣
´û߳԰ӣڱ
´ĽŲһ٣ͷˡ
˫ֲڿڴϻһ˫Ьس˹ȥϹŶ˵ٵЦ
´Ȼ̼ҸƢõһһ뵽췼ԷǸƵı飬ǰ̼Ҽϵһͨ飬̼ұѹȥ⣬ƢٺãҲɫ
´Źİ˵湫ӣһ̶壬ҿɲһ𡣡
ôᣬ覵Ķ壬ֺ覶ף𱲷Ҳýһ塣
´ñһ˵壬Ͳ̼ҵôѹվ˼˵̼ҼӣôҲȷƺ
´ɫˡ
´ɫôѿü
ϵĿ´ѵΪԼĳԾӣҲ䣿
´ʵ㵽˵ʲô
ܳòֻҪǺԼɣ
ǰһʩӸ´ѹʱǿ˺ܶࡣ
´ҲһʲôëͷСӣûбɢƸס
˵ղŶ¶˵ֵۣʵǶˡٸգٹִҲһأû̼ʱ򡣡
´üô˵̣̼ң̼ҵҲΪ̼ңǲʲô᣿
һ覿ʼһִŵĿ⿴ǣ԰Ҳܳ塣ʵǲ
ڽҲǣǷûдҵĵ̣ҲûдʳͻȻ֣̼ҵѹȥһֲ
ǵڶ֪̼ҵˡ
Ҫ֪ôѹǵ⣬Ǹɱһǧ˰ٵС̼ҵȻܵ˺ܴӰ죬϶Ҳʧ˲١
û˻ֳֺõ飬г
Ϊ̼ҶûôչˣͳֶԸǣƺҲ˵ȥ
Խϸ뷨´ãᣬǲСᣬŻִѹǡ
ЦЦǲᣬԼĵ
Щܵˣһ˿ాЩҹ
ǣ᣿
ɲ֣һʴ飡
ؿ´˵ڿ仰ǸҼסˡ̼ҵˣø¶ԶԶģҷǶʲôõ飬һ̼Ҹˡ
һ仰ҧ˵ġ
´һ㶣Īýŵװһ
һԤУ׵طŹ̼ҡ
ֻһССĿʼ
´ԭһת첽뿪췼Է
ߵֿڣԾزһЩĶͷͷһһѵ亹黹ǵÿȥ߰֡
Ƶ˻ȥһ򿪷ţͿ˿űߵ覡
Ͷ˵ʲô
ȥ´϶л
Ժ㣬ò״̼Ǹˣ粻ٿȥ˵˶٣ֲ絹û뵽ղŻܾôɴࡣ
ӯӯһЦס˽ǰͷ˵˵Ǹӣֲɵ
һ˿Ĺ⣬ҾǿҪɵˡһҵġ
üϵĲԶ׼
Ǹң
췼Է¶һΣѾ˵ˣǻڶΣһ˴ȥ
ǿ϶ңΪ˰ǰˣظ֤ǲ᷸ɵȫǵġ
ϵûɨɾ
ʱ覺ȻżȥıϣѸٵһ¡
ĵȻ˺ܶ࣬Ǻߣֻëһһ촽Ѹƿˡ
ӣ˲崻
-

113²ǸŮ

´ص̼Ժ󣬰췼Է﷢飬ԭԭظһ飬Ժ󣬾˳Ĭ
˺þã̧ͷʵѾͷôᶨ
´˵ǣܲЭ
һĬ
֮´飬ɽȥΪ覿ؼˣ´̼ƽ͵ģƢҲãȰ覵ĿҲһ㡣
û뵽ǸѾͷССģƽʱЦеĺ˵Ӳʱ򣬾ȻʯͷӲ
´˿𣬼һݣΪ̲סҪο͵𼸾䡣
֣ҾҲȫ覵⣬ܻһϵסһ˭֪ǸСƽʱ˵Щʲô̼ͻȻͱĮ
⺢ӴǰıһֱͦõģҲûʲôƢ
ڱԺ覵ԸűĹִһҲӳĹ̡ܽ
´˵֣ҿ˰ɣҪʵڲ̼ңȥҲá˼ҲѾˣҪôɩǶǸ˽Ը´粻ͬġ
˵ô覵Ǹˣһ챻覴һԺŵӣôٴһξ㲻ˡ
ԾǳĬ
´˵ȻǸӣ̼ҲȱӣûҪץ覲ţ˵ǲǣ
һۣʧ˵Ҫô˵㻹ᣬǸҰ̼ҵ⽻㣬ûף
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˵̼ǲȱӣ̼ȱһܵϱĺӣ
Ҫǹ˵ӣ˷ӶҪǺúԺҲǲ̼ܿҵ⡣
̼ڵǣûȵܿأҪڵһĲҵˡ
ⶼǵ뱲ӴƴļҲôܿôһǵⶼڳĭ
˵¶ֻ覲룬ǽ뿪ǣҲ˵ʲôһŮѣֲ˲ӡҲһţͲһˡ
´ɻôһ
覿أԸ̼ңΪ̼ǰ覲ã観һΪ뿪̼ң͸Ϊ̼һˣ϶蹷һץ̼ҧ
ղһݣҲΪеСѾͷ
ǰʱ䣬ѾڽŪúǱˡ
ҪڱǵⳡϲһţҲ֪Ժⲻ
ȻҲûǸֱӰ̼ڱҲѹⳡ϶һϰܹ鲻Ǻ£οϰС
˵ҪſҪǣֻƴ覲СҪ覺úõػص̼ңԸΪ̼£˵Ժô׷ҧڽ̼Ҳûпܡ
´Ѿˣ
һ죬ȥ¥ڸϯʹǶϡ
´ɻ֣ϯʲô
˵Ǹ覵Ǹ
Ǹ̺Ｘȳˣûʲô̼ҵҪ
ҪǸϢǸܽ飬ǲ۽ȥ̼ʮĺã
˼Ǿ취á
´Щԥ粻Ӧɣ
һѵβˣ
´Щţ֣ȷ취覻ص̼𣿡
ҪЩ覻Ӧǵʱ˭϶ÿ
覽̬ȣо鲻ô
͵ǸʮŮޣܼ档һҲΪίʹСӶѣõ̼ҵļҲһͺˡֻҪһʲô˵
ֻҪס̼ҵ⣬СҲûʲô
Ȱסĥӣ̼£Ժ󻹿ȥǰ˵Ҫһ·˳ˮļ޽ңǾ͸ˡ
Ȼһ۶ĺûбע֮ǰȰԼ
Ǻ
ֻҪס覣Լǰ棿
´´һƵӣĬĬͷ
覲̼ҳĺӣֲĸܣֻʵ֡ϾֻһŮӣǲ̼ҳģԺҪ޸ˡ
ֻҪ覼Ժ󣬻̼ܰҾ͹ˡ
ҪĵǸҪĹƽڰֵʵֻһץסһֶΡ
ҪʲôƽΪ˵ûʲôƽ
ΨһܿĶ档
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114ϰ

ڶϣ観˻췼Էſһ´
´ߵһ˵覣ĻҶ߰ˣ־˵еԽڴ¥ڸϯȥһԶٷпհɣ
覰Լֳ˵Ҳȥ
´˵ôүүһΰ磬ΪôҸǸүүʹˣǸµĺӣҲôˡ
覵϶Ц⣬˿仰ʵĻҵǸ
´϶˵ȻүүһǸģ
ЦЦãȥ
´ӦˣĵҲЩߵ㣬¥֪¥Ķɣ
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´һ̼Һһֵһͨܲÿε飬ͱ֪ˡ
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̵ĺܣ֪Ҫȥ̼ҵᣬһȥ
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覵˵ͷ˵ãҲʱһԼȥġ
´õӦɣһǳ׵ķ
覻ص˼Ĳ˷ŵ˳˳Լһˮߵûŵ¡
ʵԷ𣿡
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룬ס˵һ㷹ˣϻųԣòã
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覿ĵģ˵ҿδϱᱻ۸ġ
˵ҵʱȥ㡣
ȴŵ˵ãæ飬ԼԻ
㣬˴¥
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񽿸ϴ֣ϴּͿ¥ڣһһǳɫȹӵŮһ˵ʱһֱѲ˵ϱˡ
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ϲ㰡кŮ
Цĸˣ˫̥кǸ硣
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ԥһ˵ǸС㣬鷳һ𣿡
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˺ЦҺԲԲмС㵱ʱǵĶ飬СǸĻˣԣӵ֣ҪС𣬿𣿡
Ů˲ôҪ飬ң
˵ԣûС㣬ǿܶûϡϣС㲻鷳
ѽŮϲһúǵ֣ˣҪҪŶʱļ٣㺢ӺԲԲ
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˵δ¥ϰ壬˵ǸŮˣڱҲĵ˲ٵ⡣
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˲ãղúô˵ġС㡱òһֱڴ¥ϰɣ
æߣҪϿ
˵ǽŪ崺¥˭ˡ
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115һ

˳ߣûţԲ洫˳
ŭҸǸСѾͷƬӵǸ֣첻ûɵŴҵһƣһûкأҪҵǸܣ
ԲҲ˵ǰүүʲôãôҲŮôͲǿҵĸܣ
һ㶣߽ȥʵʲôǸ
ԲվŴ񽿵ֱ˵裬үүҪǽԷʶ覵ǸҲҪǸ
һѸղſĴ¥ϰ飬ʱ˾⣬ؽΪʲôҪǸ
һ˵һڼô۸覣ѵõǸ㣬ҲҪһ覵Ǹ
ߵľ覣ûСӣһԼЩһ޲÷ַ˺覵죬ôܴӦҪ
ʲôõǸģһ̼鱾ͺܲ񻰣ģѵͲýѵѵ
˵ˣ¶ǶȥüΪʲôҪǵǸ¶Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ӣʵǵûĵˣԾ覺۸ǲǣǣһţû뵽ôöԸҪǷ˺ݣ̼ҵ˭Ҳù
֮⣬ΪЭ
˼֣һëͷСӣ
һ˵ǸƴʱëûأǲǽⱻѹˣֲǱǵⲻˣôľԱ𣿡
һŭˣ˵ʲô
СӣԱǵ֪٣Ȼ͸ҶľָֻţҪôţ̼н죿
ǲǾڲˣ
û˵ѵ˵ˣҿͣӶСˣ
´˿ڲԵһۣȰ磬侲㡣
֪ûôýⲻ覻ûأȺͰֳˡ
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ʱ˵Ļû´ĺãݺݵǺ´һ䣺죬̼˵ʲô£
´ӣôһֱûа׵ܵܿ´Ҳϰˡ
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αһͷȥ˵ˡ
УˣѾ飬ûĸġһˣ˭
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ˣմŤͷȥװʲôû
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ղŻһʱͰת˹һȵ˵֣
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˭ҪǲģҪȥŻ˭ôɵ̼ôõһôԼȥЩۻ
ôһֱûʲô˸ľ
ĶôҲûãΪʵܶ飬ƾһ˵˵㡣
һá
ղŻܲԲʹʱҲ
ȻЩûס̼ңҲΪһֱ̼Ҳܹôá
ҪˣϵⶼջȥԺɾҪˡ
ǺòײŴǰĿģǰڲ÷ܡ
æץסֱۣ˵磬취ҪȻҪ뿪̼ˡ
ԲҲ˵֣Ҳ̼ϵ
ûôĵӣ˵̼ҶϾϵͶϾϵ
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116˵

һۣǷ֣ҪֵزҶһˣʲôܺú˵
ƺ֪һЧķЦһ
֪ˣ
û˵Ҳ֮ǰһĶʲôԣ
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˵һǸԼҿҪٲܹǣ̼ҾҪַˡ
˵꣬ͱ۾ȻǲıԼ˼ˡ
ûӣֻվߵ˵֣ղҵ̬ȲãҿԸǸҴˡõֵĸӵǸĵ֣ԺںǰҪӲҪˣ
ҪǴȥˣԺ󲻵øЦ
۾˵ߣҪǸְİ֣Ͳֵزⶼҵģֵ˭
һҭ
ʱͷϣҲûôһ»ôֻҪѵһ£ѧԼһ㣬Ŷ֡
ֵ֪زȻôǸСѾͷƬӣŪðֶòһ覵ͷ
˱Ƶ߻Լλ¡
Բʵ֣ô찡
һӣûӣ
Բһ۾ת˴񽿣衭
ִǰôģΪ覣ڱ󵷹үүҲôǣ覵Ļ̫ˣ
æԼıŮ˻ûû£ֻ취ġֻ鲻ãûµġ
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ľ治мһˣƿ覵İ취òǵģ
ͷһ˳Ĭ
ѹյʵҪ覵Ǹ
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һָָŴ˵Թ㣬֪ûһ֡һ첻죬ڼ覣ܹô£ȥԺ͸ҺúôڼﷴʡҪٸҶ죬㿴Ҳѵ㣡
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񽿵ĵввҺƢֻ
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ŤͷԲ˵ӱ죬ٶһ䣬ŲҲһ⣡˵ķݣҿԽԽûнˣƽʱڼҾôģ
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117ĵǸأүү

Ϊ´˵ĵǸһֱؾᣬ̸ܶﻹʲô壿
˭ˣȻûпˣҲеԼҪȥҪԼʱ˷ǵԥϣ
ԻֱɣѾȲҪǸԼͷϴˡ
һӡ
һӱ㳤ȴǱһѰĺܡ
覿Ǳȹ׻ڵɫʵЩ˵ڰɣǡȻǱ˴ҲûҪ˷ʱˡ
˵Ŵλվ״ڵ¡
ЦЦǴ󷽵ظ˵ڶλᣬ
һʾǸ˵͸Ͻ˵綼Ҫ˵ģҲûá
ͷŤһߣܿ覵۾˵覣Բ𡣰һ첻ó嶯ô㡣
ԼСͥԣǸһ
ҪǸȻҲӦʼһʡ
񽿺Բ㵵ؿû뵽Ļѡͷ
ΪԼǸԺ󣬾ͻõ覵һûϵҲˡȴ˺þá
һϵıűϵı飬ģЦ
Ȼ覵Ŀзһҡ
òײżôһΥĵĵǸڿ̬󣬶ʱʲô̬ȣ
ѾθǸˣô
Į˵ȻҴСûа̵ְ߽ò⣬Ҳ֪ǸҪŶԷ۾˵ԭµġһǷüǮӣҵǸýĵǸأǲýĵǸأ
һ㶣㻹ô
˵ȻµǸϴܸиϴӰɡˣѵû˽̹𣿡
Ťͷܲ˰ɣڹ¡
ȴ˵ĶԣǸúúõǸ
һᡣ
ôȥҲõಡˡ
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¶һЦݣãҽĵǸ
ȻתһԵԲʹ񽿣أ
ĸŮ˱жΪ׼ѾͷϴˣﻹǰΣֻܸŷ
˵Բһ첻㡣
ԲҲ˵ԲҲö㶯֡
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˵ʵط˷˵壬ȱ𼱰ﻹһûеǸأ黹ûء
Ļһ㶣Ҫ覵Ǹ⣬˭ҪǸ
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´յ覶ߣʵ覣ǲˣ˵ֻҪ˵еϸǸ
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´һ㶣⣿˭⣿ѵǰ֣
ܰ
Ȼͼžһ˲˵̧ͷЦеʵĵǸأүү
һ㵵ؿ覣ǰìͷָԼˣ
ʲô
˸Ǵ㵲ѣ̼һֱڹܼңʲôʱһ˵㣬Ҫﵽүӵͷϣ
ĵǲ̫һ㣿
üͷһ壬۵۽͸ΪʲôҪǸ
ȴգҲΪֻЦе˵Ŷһ֪ԼԲԼеǸıҪûϵҿԸ
ĵЦһ˵˵
ҪСѾͷƬӣ˵ʲôüĿ
˫֧°ͣ˵̼Ҽһ죬ڴҵʱͿԳֹûУֻɽۻۿŻҡһֱҵʱûпһѵǹ𣿡
һ㶣̧ۿ覣в֮ɫ
һΪ覼Ȳһѵúʰʰ
Ȼˣ
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118Լ

覽뷨µһ˿
һȷΪ覵ĲϣҪһѵû뵽覵ӾȻôʹⶼˡ
ҪǸôܣ
˵̼ҵҲв׵ĵطԼѵûвԺ㻹治Ĵһƣѵ㲻ȺֵǸˣ
ϯһĬղų˱Ůˣڶֻؿ覡
⣬ǿ׳죬ү˰ɣ
¿ܲܵ
ϣȴһҲΪӣ̵үү˼ǣһСλŮǰ޵ŮַԼĶӣŮЩǶԵģ
Ϊʲôѵ֪
ЦһʮһʱҪҾˣҲһһơҲڶԺ󣬰ҵĶԭˡôһʮһĺһƣôһ˾ͲһСŮ˵Ķˣ
۾͸һ̳ӦЩ˵ĶʱĿ⡣
ӲҲҪиȣָǸѾǺܸˣ㻹ҪүүǸүүŮǸĵ
˵һֱΪµ˸ί˵Ǹ쾭ĵû뵽үүﲻǰԭֻҪֹߣǴģҲָܱһ㲻ǡ׻˵ᣬڿҲĺе
´Ƥͻͻ⻰˵ģ
´ĵؿ´һۣղŴ粻Ҳ˵еֵĸŮǸĵڰҲ˵еүүĸŮǸĵ
飬ʵһ¡
ǰҪǸԼȴ覵Ǹ
´Ҳû뵽ʱ򣬾Ȼ˫ر׼ԴԼͱˡ
ʱҲվ覵һ߰˵
´û뵽òƵµ˵Լһģ
µĿΣԲվ
ߵϷŵƿƱߣƿƿϿʼšƿơ
Ķһ֪Ǹרҵģ˭ҲֱǴѧЩ
ſƿʱľƿĦ覵ڰ
֮ǰһֱú֣̼ҵĸײΪʲôֹֻڵⳡҲչ׳ˡÿֻҪһⳡܻϼͷ
һ㶣̧ͷ覣Щ飬ô֪ģ
̼ҵȷֹһεҪԼⳡ̼ҵӰ̼ҵÿֻҪĵطչһһЩۡ
Щ´֪飬ǴϢ
覼šľ˵ֱһȥμһ̼ҵļ磬׹̼ҳɲ£治ңԭġ
ʱƿڵľ࣡һš˳
ֶ¿ƿһ䵽ϡ
źƿԲʼҵƣͬʱȴûͣ
߱˵̼ҵëܶ࣬ף̼ҵĹȴǸʳŲֻ̣Ʊˡ֪̼⣬ֻҪⲻӰƿ̼ңѡһֻۣһֻۡ
ôһȱûļңѾӹ͸ˣûָˡ˵ңȻιƽ£̼ҼҲɼңϣ̼һ߶Զ
覿ǸʳŲָ̣Ȼ
һ̳ͣϱ˦⻹˵һΡ
һϯ˵꣬Ҳ˶˺ƣصԼλϡȻҲԼһƣƿַŵһߣƱһڽĺɫˡ
΢΢ü
λָԼµһ
һҡţעڲ͸Һϣʵһ̼ңˣһ̼ңΪʲôҪԼ𣿡
ʱǿһСݣ˵ǮѣΪԼĺ𣿡
覹˹ǣųһҫ۵Цݡ
ǫ˵Լĺܡ̼һĺӣҳڶһٿ鱾òʱ䣬ĶصˣҹǸ˶˲赹ˮС
ڱԸˡ
Ϊֿʱ
Ϊ֪̼һĺӣûһ顣
Ǳ˱Ȳĵط
´⻰Ժһ㶣ˣ
ЦȻˣǰ顣
-

119ս

ʱ䣬ʱһٿǮúһٿǮһֱžûá
ֱʼ;˾ѧ⣬뵽һٿǮıԣȻķᡣ
ʱΪһٿǮΪá
һЩˣûȥףһٿǮ𵱳Ʋɾϵġ
ʱ˼꣬񽿺ԲĵһӦȻǻɣǿ飬ȴֺģһʱ֮Ҳò׼ˡ
һȴǴڶ˵ģһ
ľСɵʱ򣬵һϵ˾ҲǴϿʼ¹ע覵ġ
ҲΪ˸ͷһο˵ʱŻҲ
û뵽СѾͷƬӾȻộܽڻˡһѵҪ˶ˡ
ô˵ڶҪһ
˵ڴس⣬ɲµʱô򵥡ΪԼ¼ĶڴسҲһ˳һһеŵس⣬ûϵ·ӣͷҡ˶Ǯ浱Լʲô˲ˣ
Ȼ覷
Цڱô򵥣Ҳ̼ĿӡȻԼǮΪʲôҪǰ׸ɣ
˷Լʱ;̼Щǣ󻹲һá
˵̼ҲˣүүҲˡԵĲ˵ʹһװҲμҷ̼ܿҵһŸƵ⡣
̼һ
覰ѱĺһȫ꣬Į˵Ųţ̼⸱ģòűˣһ˾ܰǸ
үүˣǶֱ
۾
´һ㶣Ťͷ˵覣үүôүү˵ģ
覿´һۣ߷һĨЦ⡣
Ȼվﵹ˵ơ
覾ٱ˵˵ţ»ҵⱱǵˮжжѡԺҵĵ̿ţλҪǸȤȥһһӭ
˭û뵽覾Ȼôһи׳нͱ˺·ؿ
ʵ˵
´Ҳʵ·Աߵ
˵ǰǽ·Աߵ
´ŤͷʵǲǴ֮ǰҪĵ𣿡
覿ЦЦ˵˼һСľͶˡ¾ֳǩ֮ͬǰ˼飬˵Ǳǿġôƾ£ܰ·غ˷ĵأҵı¡˵Բԣ
´סˡ
˷¿ģǸõط
Ƥܴ󣬺һ֡
˵ԺҪ˶š
ǰʱ䣬͸˷ĵƤҪϢʱǵˣһ۾ֱð̹⣬˷Ƥһ˼˵ǿƤĳ¾ֳԷ
֮ǰص飬Ҳ˷ǿطһƤ
֪ô£翴еǿƤȻͱ̸ˣǸ˭֪黹ô˺þá
ô翴еǿƤǱ覰ˣ
ôǮ
ҲȱǮˣҲ˶ܽǿصġ
ô֪ذ˷ĵƤӴߵģôʶ¾ֳģ
ǿԺ󣬷ת֣߬ţֵƫƫҪʱΪ˴̼簡
һȻ࣬覿˺ġ
̼Ҳǿô̼Щ˿˭ᱻڽ¡̼ǷЩһһֻ
Цеغ걭ĺƣ˻οձ
Ȼ⣬а׵ָͷһɣƱ䵽˵ϣžһڴʯذˤϡ顣
ϵЦһȥֱ󳹵Ϣ
覵ߴڳÿһ˵ϵɨһƬëڴҵϣҺ̼ҵĹϵ쿪ʼͳ׶ˡ
磬Ϊԭ£Ϊ˺̼ս
´վ˵覣Ͼ̡Ѫϵ˵Ͼܶ˵ġ
񽿺ŭؿһʼͲ̼ңǸղŵĵǸǰ׷Ѿ
覿ſ´˵̼ҵ̫ûйҵ԰㶼֪ɡҴʮһԺ󣬾͸ףˡסҽСף¡覡
-

120ʲô

ӽǣûҪҪԭ̼ҳ˺Ǹˡ
Ĵǿ϶ģΪ߹Ҫһˡ
ʶͽӴЩѪԵϵһˣ֪ǵʲôӵġ
Щˣǰ㶼ֵԭ¡
ȻĽᱻǵı˸飬Ǿսɡ
赱ǵĽǮҸһĽĶȫߣ̼ҳ׵˺飬һ̼δ赱Ĳᡣ
Ժ̼κεطҶϣǳƺΪ̼ҵˣϣװӡԺټ棬Ǿǵˡ
ףЦһ˵ʵĺ֪Ⱥ˾Ӫʮ̼Ҹף覵ֶθǿӲ
ǵˮǾСһһ˲֪ˡ
Ŀ˵ĽӸ׼ŭһվ˵覣ң
Цҽף覰ʲôҡ
˵꣬һ߿ǰĲƬһ˫߸ЬޱȵĲӣӴǰ˹ȥ
ţͷҲص뿪ˡ
ĺһŮ
̼ҵЩˣûµġ
¥ʱץһ˵һƵĿڸвãǴƷ䲻ϴ¥ļ۸תǵľһԺҪٺǩͬˣ۶ͶҪ
ץסСһĪ˭ôŵع𴺷¥ˣΪʲôҪİţ
ЦЦֻҪ˵ЩףС˵ģˡ
˵꣬С߹
СͷһŵĴӣֻһƬɫĲϣƺʲô·
ԶȻɻ󣬵ǳ¥ȥ鴫˺塣
ߵɣ뿪Ժ´˰İȴһƬš
춪˴ӣһﱲôƣôͷϵʱû˸ŭתƵǵ
覱ͺܲϲ֪Լ֮ǰϵĵҲǱ覴еߵԺ󣬾͸ŭˡ
ڴ񽿺´⼸ˣڳ˱ƵŭǾࡣ
Ǿý覣ʵǲǴǰʶˡ
һ³Ĺȴһ㶼ˡ˱ú·飬Կ˼Ǹ
ڴ񽿶ǸΪˡ
ĳĬԺ̧ͷʵ˷ǿأ֮ǰҪģ
һ˵ǣ֡
ɫȥŪǿصôģһģҪǻŮ˵ȥɱЦ
һ㶣Σŵͷ֪ˣ֡
ۣ˵˷ôõĵط϶в˴зһ˵׼ֵȻǿѾˣǾʹӱһ鸽ĵأߵļǮŪҪʲô꣬
´һ㶣Ҫ覵ĵ̻ûŵʱ򣬾Ϳʼ覵ˣ
´һ뵽覴Сû飬;ЩĲ̡
ҪҪ観֣覵⣬ºάȥ
´̲סϾ֣һµĺӣȻ̼ңǲҪٹͺˡһοˣҲֻΪһˣͱƽˣķԼ
ϵĺƣ˵ᣬȻͲѳҲԣԼĹ̼ҵѪˡһһͣѵһé®СѾͷƬӲɣ
Ҳ͵Ǹˣ
ⷬһƬ⡣
覵ʱ˷ĵôǶΪһʱûз˿ӡ
һ覿Ƿ˴ɻ䣬װүӸŭˡ
覻ڱǰ⣿
үӵֶΣɶء
Ժеǿͷԣ覿޵ʱ
֮ǰ覻ΪԲĶ֣û뵽֣覾ȰԼ̼ҳˡһ¡
һôһͨһҲûк̼ҺͺõĻˡôܲο
뿪¥Ժ覾ֱӳ췼Էķ˻ȥ
߹ҹĳ֣縧ɫȹһ󵭵Ʈȥ
죬쳤ĺܣߵ컹ĺܣһ̫ûɽĴ
ĴУһŲԼĽŲصһ
覵ĽŲһͣѸٻͷȥ
վŵˣһ㶡

-

121

վӰ˳
ʵ磬ôˣ
뿪֮ǰǸרô
ߵףǰ˵ԿСҪȥһȺͻǣ統ȻҪȥȻô졣
ȻԼҪȥˣΪˣôܷһȥ̼Ⱥˡ
ӹĴӣ˵á
ͷһ۴Ķüⲻ㴩ȥǼȹ𣿡
ղżһɫȹӴӴ¥߳ʱ;ˣ̼ҵˣôרŻһȹӡŵʱҲûдõ·
ף˵ղڴ¥īˮˣŪȹӣʱһ
ףû׷ʡ
ףʵǴʲôʱҵģ
˵̸⣬յ¥ͼ㴺߳ˡ
һֲֻڿڴһֻȻ覵ļߡ
Կ𣿡
ףʮּرüǳԿˡ
Ǽ˰װ׵Ǹ˦Լ췢ӵĺܰ
ף룬˵ҿҾСǼԸӿܻЩֶҡ
üΪʲôҪ㣿
ף˵ĵģŶڴ¥ǰ
룬ֲȻһһأǳ׵ĵ̼ҡ
һĬʵΪʲôҪǣ
覵Ĵ㲻̼ҵعںãҲбİ취˳̼ңðֵزǣǹġôĿʲôأ
˵Ϊǲ˳ۣǲˣҾ͸ˡ
ԣЦû뵽ҲôԵʱ򡣡
һֱһ㵽ˣû뵽Ĺﵹͦƫġ
ףŤͷʵǲǾر𲻶£
ҡͷ˵ᣬҵʱϲ顣ٲԿ
˭˵ҲԿ˵Һ̼ҵսŸոտʼڽĲ˵һ̼ңʱҿҪԴġ̼ҵֶûмʶҲʲô
˵ûϵֻҪǸҸ㣬Ͱǡ˵綼㡣
ܳУҲܡ
ףʵԺĵ̿ţô
һ㶣ʵʲôʱﱸһˣ
ף΢΢һЦǰ
մǿԺͿʼ׼ˡ
̤ϱǵʱѾ̺ú·ˡΪзδѣڲô޼ɵη塣
˲ŻֲҪ̼ңȻ̼Щûʲôµġ
û뵽ô׼һУЩ졣
дǺõģԺϱܲԿ
˼һŤͷ覣ǿصȷǸõطǿˣ̼ҪѿҲˡ
ֵܻҪأ˼ҵߵˣ׵Ů飬Ҳ᲻ˣοôϲ覡
̧ͷ˵ҲţԡԺƵ飬Ҫ߸磬ܰ㰡
紵鷢ıͦĴ쿴Īˡ
ףĬĬС˵磬ʵһ㡣
ʵǺҪ𣿡
覵ͷ̹ϵǡ
üһΪʲôң
飬ɡ
ɵõҲǲ⡣Ͼÿ˶вñ֪飬ҲС
˵ʱû׼ãоôͻأذǼ㣬̫̼ˡ
üô꣬ʲô̼ûϲ̼ģ
˵꣬͵ͷ覵촽һ¡
覵һ϶ʱƬƣ
ǰߣɫ֤粻´̼
£ϲ
Աһ·̯Լ˵ֳɫ߲˵İ̿һߣڵӴ
ϴƤæܡ
ѽûûģ
ףһխ첽ǰߣЦ㿴ĵӴĺܡڿԸ߸磬Ÿʲô˰ɡ
覵ͷ˵ȼүү͸㡣
үүٵӣҪؽ黹һһĺãŲס
ҪҲżûҪ鶼ѵһ
-

122ֻһ˳㣿

ף覺һһƱ˽˸СʱĻ𳵣ĵ㵽˽
潨ҵߵſʼ㵽ʱ䡣
һֱ˵ʱ䣬ҪҪȥݷһףүүòԶȥҲü
覵˵ͷðҲѾܾûм⹫ˡ
˽һȻףҡ
ףҵӶ˼覻ˣܸˣӭ˼
ʵ⹫غ;˾أ
Ӷ˴ں԰ιأףˣ֪ʲôʱ
Цȥ
˵꣬һڴQȥףˡ
ӶҲʶһˮʵʲôԸ𣿡
˵ûˣȥæɡ
ӶȥڹӵľɳϣҲ覻Ƶط˱ֽ
覺ܾûлˣףүү϶ˡףңȻھڡȿһҲãһȥңɾͲˡ
ףܻǰףҵĺ԰ĳ˺üβ׽ûµʱιι㣬ƽʱϲһ߶
һ·ܵߣվιף˵һ±ȥ
⹫һ
ףȵؿʵôͻȻˣ
ף˵үүʮ٣ҲǺôͻһһ¡ףǵף˵˳Ҳ⹫
ףװ⹫ֻһ˳㰡
СͷӣɰԴס
ףȻǣֻǽбôȻ⹫Ҫˡ
ף覵ĸ˶ӰҪ
һף衣
¶µʱ򣬽̻ҪĶǾҪԱ˱
һصĸ硣
µʱеıɡĽɫȫĺеһСۺСҸͯʱӢۡڣҲһڱ覡覵ԶǸˡ
һף̻֮ľ˾ˡ
ʹѧףһף覿ģֻ˵ľĵĺڰף֪ɽҰ޶Ҫ¡ΪһˣԶҪⴧˡ
һףˣ⹫
ףԺף覽ӻ˼һҡףд֣ףĻĻǿŵĶҲһȱٵĶ
ͺѧºԺҲڼֶһһ˲ʲôʱ򶼲û֪ʶڲԿԺҲԴʱ
Ӷд֣ĻŶĻֻҪףõĶѧһʱ䣬ףѧ塣
ףϣôÿĻѧЩŴŮ˴ŲŲϣոֻǼܣԺеʲô£Ҳȥն಻ѹ
覾ãȱκһ˶С
ûǣԲܳΪôõԼ
ףúܸˣߵ̨ӱ߷ʳ
˫ָһϷӵӣʵڱǵʱ䣬ô
Це˵ͦõѽ
ף֪ԼһǸϲǵԸ񣬲ȫĻʵ̼Щˣû۸ɣ
覺Լ̼Ұһơ
Ȼ覶ף¶һЦݣǶֵӵ֣ҿ;˾һִĹô̼Щ۸ȥҵǸǸأ
ףŶ㵹ͦб°
覽ǵȻ̼Щ˿治ʲôö˵ĸ仨һʵ˼һһ㡣ҾҪڱǿˣǿ£ңʱ϶ѹҡ
ףãһڱǣҪעһ㣬Ҫίͻ⹫˵⹫;˾˰ֹ
ǰףҺ̼ûнΪףԺףҲ̼κⲻζףƲ̼ҡ
̼ѾףʧȥһŮˣٸ۸ףҵŮףһͬ⡣
ףԥһʵ飬㻹ʱμ𣿡
覵ͷ˵żμÿζǺƬ龰ÿμĶʵͺʵǰһ
ףס覵֣ϵһףӣ˵覣Ҫȥ⹫ԣǲҪԼˣ𣿡
˵֪ġ
-

123´鸾λ

ףҴ㣬覾ͺȥҡ
֮ǰ覻鿴ԼҪ͵İ
һԽҤϵȰ״ɣģĴͳֻףһѾʮˡ
˵潨ҵƽʱϲ覴Ͷá
֮ǰʵ˾˽ȥȥүү磿
ף˵ȥˣء鶨֮ǰףҺҳϵҲǺ˾˷Ѿ͹ȥˡ
ףףһۣ˵ҿǸҵүӣҲûкܿ˼һҵҲǰ͹ġȥңƲù
潨ҵĿ覣֪覶£ٵ϶ˣôҲе
Ҳֲ潨ҵ
ΪԼܵף׵ģ鶨֮ǰҵ˸Ͳ֪
潨ҵһʱ覣пԭ
Ҳ˿覡Ϊһ׵ʱĳϣ覺ҪòŴӦ£ɲǸӵĺӡ
ıŮ˭ӡ
Ҫ覣˰ףֲҵЩȨƣôõһֲҲ޵ˡ
һףĻԼһɫı֤ףүүģԼѡģҿ϶¶ί
ףҲͷ࣬ϻǲⶣ֪ͺãҼһίҿĲ㡣
֮覾ͺһȥҡ
ᶨߵ㿪ʼ˵ʱ򣬲룬ʱ仹硣ݷóôܱȳٵǿ
Ȼǰû˽ʼҵ⣬ûҵĳסһ𣬶Լһӣֳȥסˡ
Դˣ潨ҵҲûбʾʲô
Ҫ֪Դ͵Ѿã潨ҵΪһ֪֮ܲ顣
Ҫסһ£լ潨ҵҲĬ顣
ΪլĿúӳŰ飬覶ⶰӡ󲢲Ǻܺãһţ͸оѹ֡
ãӦøϲ
ҵĿ覾ͿӶΪ׼
ӳ촩һɫվڿмָӣˣ覣Ÿ߸Ь߹ȥαЦݣ˵û뵽˸ϲүү
Įɨ˺ӳһۣʵүүأ
ӳָָ¥ϣ˵أӦҲ˰ɡ
һİ˵ͽӶ˰ɣǰŵһߣŶ۰
覿˺ӳһۣ˵ۣ͸ĶһүүˣһʱȥŸԵгⰡ
ӳɲʲôˣŲᱻһαЦƭ
Ѱŵһߣ֪ӳ챳ﶯʲôֽء
͵һ״һСľͿܱҪʲô⣬ʱĶȥ׼һݰȥ
Լʵڡ
ӳ챻ܾԺϵЦݹȻһ㣬˫ֻصûףСģĵͦأ֪ͦð
Ц˵һ㣬ʵǲ̫̫֮һִ̫̫鸾λޣܽгãõʵȨæӪŮˣõĸ֡
䰵ף˵ľǺӳλʷ
ǺӳҪģ༥ְɡ
ӳ챾ԴĻƣǺӳ첻ڴˣƾԼĴܸɣԼ毺õݣԴ鸾
֮鸾ع⣬޼Ҫá
ĺΪ˱סԼĵλ͸һõĺ·ͿʼƴΪǮ潨ҵļֵ
ĺʱʵûж˼չŻ͵һʱ䣬ҲΪ飬Żʶ
ȵʮʱ򣬲ű˽ӻȥʱĺѾͨԼŬסԼҵĵλ
ĺǸˣӳҶĺ·ҪѺӳĸӱϾ·ʱӳ˽ӣҲһҪ
覶ĺļģֻǵһú޵Ůˡ
ʺգһŬŮˣȴƫƫصԺ󲻾ãڹ׹¥ˡ
֮ӳȻĵңĺŬ˶꣬Ϊ̵·Ҳʹ˱ӳoˡ
ٺò뿪ңºƴĹ¡
Ҫ֪ʱңΪ˺ӳĲ㣬Ѿû֮ˡ
-

124ɱ

һֱãԼһͬϧ֮С
صΪԷ룬˴ůγΪԼҲƵĲҡ
ҪԷĹػγڹһԼ
ǶããĮ¶ĸ壬Է֮ǰǳҹĹ¶ͺ䡣Ҷĳһ죬ˣǾٻӵһ¶ˣˡǡ
ǲǲһ˻ȥǡǡΪѾ̫ĲңķˣǶҧͦȥ
˵ҪһߣǱ˴˲Ĵڡ
û㣬ҹȻҲܻš
㣬Ҳܻĸá
鲻ҵˣ˭ء
ף覵ļͥҲǱĵ߻ٵһӳߣҲɵġ
ף覵ĻһĨЦ⡣
¶ӣϲ
ӳŤͷվһ߿Ϸ˵Ĺ
ЦһҪ̫̫۸ôһĺãŲᱻҪ˭Ҫˣ˵Ҫҧ˵ġ̫̫ҪСһ㰡
̧ͷһۣƲƲ졣
Ȼվһߣ˵ҧһǺϲ˵ĺһֻСһ
ע⵽Сִ̧ļƹԴࡣ
ôôôһ˵Ҫ
غһջԼߡ
ðɣȻңһΡӡ
ӳ쿴ǵľֹ߹һЦǾɣһáһ˼˼ˣǻܲ
ֲźãתȥԸĲˡ
һ˰Ըף覣ûҪʱףֲʹ졣ҪǱ˿ˣһ
ǣף覵˵Ҵȥүү
ߵһǰ̧ţһʹһġ
ƿ˽ȥ覸Ҳӡ
һ˵ﶼǹӵľƼҾߣ潨ҵķҲ⡣
ףһžͿ촩һɫװ潨ҵ˫ָվĴߣ԰ķ羰
覷֣潨ҵĴλãܿҵĴţܿı͡
һ㶣òһʱүүѾ֪˰ɡ
үүһֱڷﲻҲΪʲô
ڸļӣǶԼǴĲȤûҪ˼
һǼваɣֻҪԼ˵ס˾Ӱ첻ʲôûʲôµġ
үүӭȻҲ𾴡ӭҲȥ
Ҫ֪ŮһԼֵˣʲôˡŮ˵ļֵǿԼάġ
˵үүҴ¶ˡ
ҲŴһкүүãף覡
վڴߵ潨ҵת˻Ŀ˵ɨȻǣһĨЦݣָŷ˵ɡ
覺
覰ŵݵ潨ҵǰ˵үүҸİ񡣡
潨ҵ򿪿˿һӨİ״ɲߣϻԽɺĹʻ׺ԢĶ
潨ҵһۣصͷЦЦ
潨ҵС覣
ף覵˵ͷԡ
潨ҵ͸ײ߶꣬˵Ҽǵ㣬֮һιصļϼ
˵үүļãʱǾ˾˲ûϯҲŴ˾ȥġ
潨ҵĲߣ̧ͷ˵ףҺҵȷһЩҶ˽⵹ǲࡣǴ͵ײҲܿĳȷ۹⡣
΢΢һЦүүˡ
潨ҵ˵Ҽǵףǽŵڡ
Ȼ潨ҵ˵ʵ覻ʮǫش⹫һ˶˵ѣЩСûжʶҲûб˵ôر𡣡
潨ҵȴֵôģȻףүǸˣŽ̳ŮҲһʲôݴȣ֪Щŵ㣬һС
΢΢ۡ
ô潨ҵлָ
ŤͷŵһۣȻҲŴ͸ֲ˵ӡ
üͷ潨ҵһʼûи˦ɫǿòҪһɱɡ
Ȱһ߶ȣ컨׹ƮƮȻҲűȻһЩֵñλϵòӦʲôʱˣͻһˤ
Ҫô˵Ż˵ĺأϵֶΣİ
-

125۹

һ㲻춼ֱӷйñֶε˵ˣ潨ҵԵˡ
Ҫǣ˾
һҪõϣүӿܾҪʧˡ
ֲ۽үϽԲ⡣
Ǻ˰ǰˣ
ֲ۸ӡ
潨ҵ̧ͷ˵ҵĽӰˣںܶʱⲻҪһЩӦ꣬һ㣬Ӧ⡣
΢΢ףҿ⡣
潨ҵ覺˵˵ǼĶӦܻ꣬һЩŮ˵ĽʹϵҪһ㣬ӦҲ⡣
һ㶣ŮˣʲôŮˣ
ɫһƺϵ潨ҵҪ˵ʲôеүү
һүү˼־ζ
ڴҵ⣬ⲻᰴүүҪȫүүİš
潨ҵƳһۣƺִܲԼ˵Ϊ
ף覲֮лҩζ̧һͷ潨ҵ˵ȻŮˣҲ⡣
潨ҵ֮Ļҩζõ˻⣬Ťͷ覣ͷ¶һЦݡ
Ҫ覶£覾Ťͷ·˵ŸҲ⣬ΪϵҪһЩнʣǰɣ磿
һ㶣֪ʲô⣬ֻӦš
ף覵õ˿϶Ļش𣬻ͷ潨ҵ˵үүģ֮ĹϵԼЭĺܺá
潨ҵһüͷ⻰˼үӶˣ
ЦеģүүҺ͸磬Ǹ˶ôүүأЩжǾүүġ
潨ҵɱףҲܶǧﰡ
Ưĳ滰Ҳ˵⼸䣬кüʮأ潨ҵҪ˵һ첻ظġ
潨ҵҲ覻˵Ưһ㣬ɴؾĻ˵ŵڣԺҵţҿ϶ҲΪ㡣ǸˣЩ飬ñ۵ľͱۡ
ЦЦүүлֱ˵ҳһʵĺܡЩ˵һⲻˡ
潨ҵһҲӣʵ˼˼飬𣿡
ü潨ҵղ˵ⲻ˵Ů˵Ľ⣬ѵָ˼˼
˵ҺͽСйһ֮Եƺϲ硣
潨ҵ˵Ҹѡˡ
ҲգЦүүڿЦɣ޶ۣǸ˼˼Ǳһ޶۰
仰ǣ۹
潨ҵɫ˳˵ѡΪҳ˸оͷˣаԺܶϵ飬Ҫо˰æźð졣
覵ĺ촽⻰˵ģǸĵߣνǺܲˡ
û뵽Ļںͷ
潨ҵóһʮֿӣ˵Ȼѡ㣬ģǿаǷֿҲʡ㣬ҲҪףҲʲô˼ңңҲϡҾϱλ㡣
ͦһʩġ
覼Ĭ
潨ҵĻһת˵˼˼ĹϵܲôˣԺ϶ΪҵϱʱһҪȣҪˡ
˵˰죬ҪŴĵµŮ˰һϱλӣȻҪĻӶ
Ŷ⻹ԼȵĻ飬潨ҵҪӸŽ˼˼ߣסҵоĹϵĻ顣
˵ĺѧȡ
˵ǲҪһ衣
潨ҵҪͷץҪץססҵģҪץס˼˼ýýҵĹϵǮ
潨ҵ̫̰˰ɣ̰ãû
ŭˣүүҪǲӭ¶Ҿȴ¶뿪ˣûҪ˵Щ¶ѿ
Ӧףүүί
ҵһѿģԼүүҪٴȥүүָҪ˵ʲôĻ
潨ҵɫҲôΪѣүүǽһЩ˵ĵһӿɳأԺ飬ֻ಻١ϵ飬ѵܶǵ⣿
˻ϣҪѧһЩЭ
ɫıȹ׻ڣվߵʱȴţ
˵үүĴ٣ôˣ˻˵㲻Т
-

126̬ǿӲ

ȻѾƴǻصˣҵĸϾȣʱֳôӰʵ̫á
ҲðӵĹˣ˲Ųῴҵ⡣
һ飬覺ܶðա
ǾǣͺӳĶڶҺͱҵĶ⶷
ڶȻҪȵðͷˡ˿ҵô󣬿϶ԥȿֺҧһڡ
ʱ⻼Ĵӿǡ
һۣʵ۸㿴𣿡
¶ϵıԼŶôܿ
û뵽ǣ¶Ȼ£Ϊǡ
ôôõĹԼȻˡ
ʲôТں
ҴǰҲһļԴ
˵ҿóҪԼ
үүٵģ鷳
ȻΪģȻҲҪ
֣ʾġһۣûߣ
Ťͷ潨ҵ˵үүղ˵ĴȣҶģҲҪȡֶ԰ɡүүӦûûʵҪ̸ĵزɣ
潨ҵü˵ʲô˵˵ʲô
ף˵Ҫͽ˼˼ֽܱ֤ҵ⣬ⲻҿҵͥͦõѽӦûǵֵزɡ
潨ҵ˵ҼҴҵ󣬵Ȼ˵
ףһҾͷˣԭˡһ鲻ˡȻûǵֵزүүΪʲôҪȥ
潨ҵһһ˵ܲ⣬ʲôⲻ
ЦŶֻһģһүүõġ֮κνʣүүҾͶܴӦˡ
潨ҵ۾ʵ覣ʲô˼
Ц¶ݣ˼ǣ൱Ļ棬ͽ˼˼ǲҪκ˽µļȽϺáȻץס˭ŵģҶѽ˼˼СŪġ
潨ҵһ㶣û뵽̬ȾȻôǿӲǾƲԼһˣ
̬ȣɵҵϱ
˵ҵϱԺҪĬԸİţøͱŮȾĶˡ
Ժ飬ԲЦΪˣǻͬʱӵŮˣı¡
Ƕ覶ԣ⽫ΪԶ衣
˻ãҵЦȢİ衣˻ûã˵ס˵ġ
Ҫ潨ҵǰһԺԶҲҵǰӵϡ
һΪϲΪĬĬŵػԼһʱõĶ
ⲻᰮݼڣϲҵһ⡣
ʵϣ潨ҵĻڵͦ˵޳ܵĻСͷġ
ҪΪ֪潨ҵı뷨ȻҪͷץôһأԺҲкܶƵ鷢
׿˵Щ潨ҵ֪ҲǺġ
ף΢΢һЦڱԼǿӲ̬Ժ˳Ƹ潨ҵһ̨¡
үүǳӦòЩôһѿүүղ˵ЩӦ뿴Ҷڲںɣ
潨ҵ͸뷨֪ԼҪ˵ûָˣףЦһ㵹Ǻܻ˵
ЦҸž˾ѧ꣬ı²Ƥӹ˳һ죬ɲֻԷģ԰ɣ
潨ҵ̬ȸˣȴַƽؿһûըˡ
覿ɲˬ첻ˬ죬øѾˡ潨ҵҪĲʹ죬ССķһ¡
Ȼһд裬ϡ
潨ҵһֱôҲͱԺسˡ
覴ȫʤ潨ҵûһˡһۣ¶˼Ц⡣
覵̬ʲôԣ㵹үүһ̨¡
¶צԼܺá
÷ʱͷܲ۸
⿴һۣʵֵӣӦÿҪʼˣүүҪһȥ𣿡
潨ҵ˵ˣүӻЪЪȳȥɡ
ǣ覵֣˵¶߰ɡ
-

127¸粻

վһȥ
ٳǰ覺Ȼͷ潨ҵһۣ˵үүȻҺΪЩôҶ޹飬ǽ˼˼ƺϲˣ²̫ô
潨ҵɫѿ飬ΪʲôҪ˵
ף覵Ȼ֮ǰѡˣϣܹʵһ£ҪҵˣȻʱĺѿġŶֻ˭ҵǸ³Ů˵ռҲǺصġ
ף˵ԺˣһȻعӣյ˵үүǳҲ鷳үүģҲˡ飬һ׿ھ潭˼˼ȽϺһЩ
潨ҵ۾ף覣ףת潭˼˼ھ
һСѾͷƬӣȻҷֿԡСף覣ף観ţ»
߳䣬Ϸš
ǽϣסҪߵף覣ȵȡ
覿ĹĵʵǲҪңԺүү̬Ⱥһ㣿
ϣǼ仰ȷǴ̼潨ҵĳˡ
Ǽ仰ʵԲ˵ġǰӦ潨ҵĻǼ仰ıˡ
ҲΪ潨ҵ̫̫ˡ
ḷ̲́ס
Լ˵ҽ첻ҪңҾ͸֡Ƣ
׼һ潨ҵ㲻ϲҲһʱ򣬸˵˼˼顣
һŤͷߣߣ
ղŻޱϽ¶˼Ц⣬ôɰϱûġ
ȻǲģղŶүӣ͡
Цеؿף˵Ů˵ռ
ף覲Լղ˵Ļʲôף˵ôˣ
صŮˣ
С°ͣӲŮˣ
ϸ̽ԼĻԼţıߣСѾͷôû㳤Ůˣ
ʲôСѾͷѾˣܹԼˡŮѵСô
ڵ٩ԼǸδ
ף覻ͷһôϲСѾͷ֡
覱һĵף˵۾վǰңһŵģ̬ȵģŮˣ
۽϶ѵЦˣ˵ôĵ綼ˡ
ɣôϼѵŮվǰȻɵ˼
覴ѧԺ󣬾֪ԼڹڳúõġС򵽴һС磬ûٸСһЩˣСǵӴˣҲûٸ顣
һֱûеһ£Ϊһֱãܱȵ
ϣһһĺø硣ЩСǸ㲻ʲô
Ȼ
һֱĽĺø磬ȻһŮˣ
裬裡
ֶܽŮ裡
˵ҪɣҾһ󷽣һϲƽϵŮˣ
ǿѹֹסǣ΢΢׵УȻô˵ǻȥԺ㵽ǲһ󷽵Ůˡ
һ㶣ʲô
ǰò˵أ
ղŻʮףһͻȻƬСƲʡ
͵ƿܻˣå
̫޳ˣַӮ
ʤ֮䣡
ǰ˵ЩĻģѵ˵ϵĴԺ󣬶
쵽ѪĶٿȻЦɶܣڻҲ˼˵ԼŮˡ
ְ̧Ѵѹǰϸϣ࣬˵ǸСѾͷ
覲Ѿˣô᲻ŮˡҲŮˣҲˣ
ջȥⷬȻͷһۡ
ɸ磿
ɣ
ߵߣȻѹǽϡ
ս覷۷۵Ц»粻顣
覹һһĭ򶨡
СѾͷǺװ
ֶĸоץ׵һֻС֣ͷһڡ
滹棿
䡪
ǿװ򶨣׿ˡ
-

128ҲȲ

覲ˣŸ磬һǸصˣ
ôܲˣ
̧ǰ鷢һ˫۾ֱض覣ĵð̹⡣
Ӧرˣǿ϶ҪڽһԺ󣬾ȥңʱ磬Ǹ㣬Լѡɡ
һƥҪ˵ǡ
覱Ȧǽ֮䣬ίع˫ա
ѽʽԸһССɣ뱻
ίͰ͵ĮҲûãҲȲ㡣
ɣҪǲúʰʰСѾͷҪﵽԼͷ
ղŻʮף˲
һ˫С֣˵ҴˣҲƸĳߵλҲɸݣҾһ۲ʶ̩ɽСѾͷ˵ͯ޼ɣԭҶð
ʲôǰǲҪάԼˣȻץô졣
ֻһСѾͷû׼
ЦһӴϴǺܻ
ףصͷֹرĳϿҡ
΢΢һЦѾ˰ôͯ޼أѾҪΪԼиεˡ
ףĪһ˳ǽڻȥ
ֻһ룬ͱס
ȱ绹ʲôûءô죬Ժǽˣٲʱ򡣡
ֱ׵İʾף覻ڲ
֪Ͳǿˣ̫ɰ̫ദˡ
ף覿ᡣ
ӣҺС΢ؽе硫
ԼЦˣһеϲ䡣
ף覷־סֱϵĳһǣҡҡԸе硫
һ˵ģģǽĶˡ
ٽһ䡣
еίƽʱٶ⹫ûģôˣȻݡ
һҲǰˣоѹ
ף覵Сࣺ硭
ţٽһ䡣
覸ίˣ㣬۸ѽ
ʲôʱ۸ˣţԸ˵۸ˣ㻹û۸˵ģأҪʶʶ𣿡
ף覱粻ҡͷ
Ҫ˵ҪʶֻǱڸҡ
Ȥζؿ֪Ĵ£˵СѾͷ뵽ʲô취
ʱͻȻӱ״̬ΪһֻһĻ
Ų䰡ģؽе硫
ͷȥĵط
ףƶ᣺硫
ߡ
ףյǰ硫
ְͷŤһߡ
ףһίšһˡôôú尡
硫
ҵĺø硫
硫
İһĸ綼ˡ
еЦ⽥ֻԼ֫ƮƮģ˶ƮƲһ
ûף覵ٯ
ЦһְԼϵףƿ
ˣˣƽˡ
ôģͽһͿǽû취
ףšһŵһĨЦ⣬ģ
š
ף覶ʱ˵
ӮΰʤһǰȥͲˣһҲƽʱǰء
ʱһͨŮӡһ棬Ҳֻǰչʾ
õӣͷЦһεҡҡͷ
ôСһ飬Ҳڸ˳
ȻϵͷٺãҲվֻǸոճСѾͷĵ飬ϲԽ
ͬʱֺЩϧԼߵ꣬˶Цݡ
֪ǣڵ꣬ǴûǰôĵЦġ
һ棬ֻǰչʾÿЦݣҲֻһӵС
ףһֱQǰؿڵ˵㡣
ȻЦ磬ϲˡ
ͺ׿һ÷ȥеһֱĿ
Ǿ仰ô˵ţ鶯ʢİ״÷ڵ졣
覾Ƕһ÷
˭ҲƷζ
ץסа׵ָ⣬ʵ֪֪Ҳϲ㣿
-

129ɧ¶

һֱãԺү͸һծһ׷
Ǹ뿪Լºƴͷ꣬үѵѵݡͷ꣬ǹ˵һ硣
ʱûĵүүƽĴڡԼΪʲôӡ
ˣԭүǰеĿ඼ѹ缸ǰ˸飬źسɳڵ
Ȼصףߣʣµе
ף覾е
ֻҪǺйصһУͶҸġ
ף覻صʱѾ˺ܶˣǶϱ
ЩҲһЩʶģף̳ѧ˼꣬ȦôϼҲ֣м˺á
ỹûʽʼвѾ
ֹ˲һף覾ڿ˽˼˼Ӱ
ӳ͵һ̵Ƶģ˼˼һ֣æذ쵽ǰкˡ
ӳıý˼˼Ӧף覣óһԼĵ׵ǿ
Ǻӳû뵽ûſô˵棬ֻ˼˼˸ͷתˣ½˼˼һԭΡ
ӳĵһȻͱôˡ
˼˼ûãӳҲÿ
ǺӳܻˣִŽ˼˼˶кڴǰ˵˽˼˼ٺûźý˼˼ѿɫƿ١
ʱ䵽ߵ㣬潨ҵʽʼ
潨ҵһɫװϲ־
ڴԴ˵˼件ӭĻôҶϯ硣
ӳΪһȻ׼ΪչʾҵĸУɽ亣ζˮһϯ͡
԰һʮķˣҲӶǳһ©һʱ֮䣬լַǳ
᱾ͲʲôԷ磬ϯϣΪ˻죬Ժ̸ʱҲʸϵʲôġ
ԴһŸᣬͻʸѺá
覽ˣԲ¶ٶ
ΪԵʣ潨ҵֲͬ붪Լòÿʱһӡ
ҲеˣĥһԺ󣬴ҵľͷҲɢˣҸϢһᡣ
ˣϯϣΪ˱ʾòϯϰһⲻ˵ġ
һƿƹԺ覵֣˵ȥƣԼһ
ף覵ͷá
˭֪ʱӳȴһЦӴѡĹ⽿أԺȻҪ޽ҵģȻӦóŽϺֹϵ˰⾴ƾǸõĻᣬôף覴أ
覱ҪһģԺ޽Ժ󣬷飬Ҳôһ㣬ӳһ˵û
覽һĻ𳵣·ҲûôϢʱʵеˣԸղϯҲûʲôθڣûôԶ
ӳǿͷ̫ãµǴӱǸϻģԲŹҪ覸žơ
ܵʱȾƣ׳ˡ
覾ãҲ
Ϊ˺ȵľˣϯϵľƣϵĿɶǰ׵ġף覸ղûôԶһ˶ӣ϶ճθ
ʮľƾȥеܵġ
ףӳһԴΪĻüͷ
ɧ꣬¶ࡣ
ôˣӳ쾹ȻҪ
ӳϵֽ˲죬ü覣ôüˣǻû޽ңͲӦҵˣӲС
һףԸ£üСץȾƸʲô
ƽʱҺӳ˳ҲͰˣ̺ӳа㲻á
ӳЦ˻ûأͽŮӸʵôôƫ᲻Ժ޷ѽ㿴ôãҰȾƶԸء
ף覻ûţӳͼκɳӰȻҪϯϰ覵Ū
ףִ̧һֽ˲ӱزСŪգûг
Ϥ˶֪ޱ鲻˵ӣȻѾˡ
ÿӶһеƢ꣬һƾըëˤ
覱Ƚرʱ򣬾һ
ۿźӳʵ𣿡
ӳЦⲻ˵ЦףҵСݽţõ
-

130ʹ

˵òͺˡҶû˵ʲôأ㵹̳ܲˡٽҲˣԼŮ˽ô
Ůˣʲôʱֵűָָ㣬˵ģԺӳ׷õ¡
ӳڱŴҵ涥ײ˻ȥϵȻҲסˡ
ӳҲ̲һһ£ǸѧĶǵѧҲܲһӶͱ˺Ⱦưɡ
Ťͷף覣˵覣ҪҵĶϱƿǱѧ顣һֱ˵ǲΪСԲᾴưҪǲᣬߺ̣̾ͲΪˡ
覲ɾӵıأϵֽŶһԵͰ
Ȼ̧ͷźӳ˵ƶѣû˵ôš
ӳЦȻûʲôѵģ͸ȥתȦҲôղŸҪһֱأ֪ˣΪǹⲻ뾴ء
ף˵Һ͸ȻˣұϾûнţʱʹҸ˾ƣ²̫áҾ飬µȥУΪһôžءһֱΪôƽ⣬ڿˡ
ӳʵʲôˣ
ףһ˵˵Ƶ飬ӦҪһŮˣӦþͬڹĺˡȴһֱҪƵϣһֱ⡣ֱղţͻȻΪʲô
ӳʵΪʲô
ף覿źӳ죬ʮͬ˵һΪʹˣԼˣҪơ̣֪УһԳĬƴôãǻˬӦġа
覶˶٣̣ԺһҪֱ˵Ӳʹʱ᲻ģΪǹⲻΪҾƣŰƵͷءҲһˣҲΪҵţæôٰ꣬ԼŪɾͲˡ
ӳһҭѾͷȻ˵ϣ˵У
ûŮ˵Լϣӳ쵱ȻҲ⡣
覴˾ٵĿģǴ̼ӳ죬úӳҲһ
ף覿źӳ죬һУԼеʱ򣬻齻иңһҲΪҵϣԺҼ޽ԺһңϵҲҴһеģ
ף˵ţ֣Це˵磬̲ˣΪˣҪΪߣȥƣ
ӳıףòˣɤŵ˭˵Ҳˣ
ףתʵѵУ
ӳӲҵȻԣ
ףְϵľƱݹȥЦȥư
ӳ쿴ŵݵǰľƱͻȻӦü
ղŻͷϵĺӳЦһֵһƣλá
Ųף覵ĵ
ӳ˵覣ΪҪһᣬ¶¶ƣǸȥ
˭룬ףĻԺ󣬾ȻٺһЦŤͷ˵磬㿴˻Ҫء˵һˣαسЩеûأӹ㣬ҲƭԼ˰
Ӧ͵ӣƣһƽϡˣҪذ
ӳͷ
ףʮĵ˵ͷ׵ģϰף𡣡
ӳ޿̣ʱλվ˵ף覣һû˵ôϣ
ףЦΪʲôƣȻǸԺ޽ˣҲе¶ĻᣬȱøҵһΡҲòĽڡʵĲΪӦ갡
ӳʱҡ
ף覿һۣ˵ҰҵˣһˣͱΪˣǺúŰɣɾͲˡ
ף˵ţϯȥҲӳ粵Ļᡣ
ܣȻȳһˬлû˵һơ
ͷȻȻ̧ڶ֫߿޵Ǽ¶ԽԽˣӳ춼ôӦԡ
ף覺ߺһԸŮˣҪ÷ǳֶΡԺڲǰ
ӳһʰһΣֱӳҲΪֹ
ϵƿ׾һۣʵܺȾ𣿡
ôȻʹˣǶ¶²̫á
һô졣
ǴҪģǵ
ȴͷܺȡ
Ȼֵһܸ׵ģӦӦ껹ǿԵġ
-

131µ

ߴ覵ɨһ취ߵҿᣬǸŮˣһ㲻Ϊ㡣һ˼˼һСھС
ף覵ͷá
Ⱦһܲϯٺȣ͵ÿĵˡ
ߵǰ˵˼ԺúȺõĿ׻ָҽ覵Ժ󣬾ͿʼҾơ
վߣľƱˡ
ãһ׵ģֱһڸˣˬĺܡϯϵĿ˿ˣù񫣬ֽкá
ֵˣ˵ģֻһڡ
˵ĶԣҿǸŮޣûΪҲʹôȥˡ
Ƕףٵģ鷳ġ
һŮ˲ӦˣףС㣬ôֻһڰǿ𣿡
ȥɵģǽϱ˵Ľ˼˼
һиͽ˼˼ͬıͣͺףйֽ⡣
ʶ覣Ͱ覿ѵѽ˼ǸСͱΪ˼ˡ
ǽ˼˼ĵҪҲʹ죬Ȼˡ
˵ҲŮˣղǾƵʱҲһ׵ѽ˵һơǳһףСΪҪҼŵˣֻôһСڣǲ̫ûгˣҲúһ׵ĲŶ԰
ϯϣһ㲻ᰤһһľ
ϯʮ˵಻࣬˵ٲ١
˼˼һǾĵһơһ˸һɵͷȵľƿ϶ֻܶ಻١
ʮһһ׵ĺҲð
˼˼ڸҲ硣
µĽ˼˼һۣ¶ᷳ
ɫذѱӾٵǰ浹˾ƣȻһΰѾƱٵ˴ҵǰ
˵ľСǵһθҾƣҲҪΪ͸һڣٺһһô
ô˵ѾǸ˴ӣҲ͸Ÿ˸̨£кãмˣ˵ˣ
ҵүҪδٷ˵ƣ쾭˭ܷأ
һ㶣չǺõģͺӳ춼ѾѻˣҪ˿ˡ
ңһֱƵĻôٲ˽һʱľƾͷҪ
˼˼״ٰ㲻ζ磬ûأô𣿡
һۣЦЦʵô˼˼㼵ʰ
˼˼һ죬ӳ쵱˵ҵǸƫģҵᡣ
˭֪ϯϣף覾ȻҲڡ
û뵽ھƿʼ֮ǰͻף覵ݣ˵Ѿס
ף覵Ѿܿˣʱ˵ԼʣźǴġ
ҪǴȥˣʱ˭Ц
˼˼˵ֻǾӣ䲻硣
ۣ͸Σյζ䲻飬˵㡣
ڲͽ˼˼˺ΪҺͽһֵ̫ѿ
ǽ˼˼һֱ֪ô֪Ҳ˼˼ʲôɫ
һ׮⣬˵Ǯȥûʲô
Ž˼˼һֱ֣¶黵ˣϿûʲôû
أ
˼˼Ҳ֪ǿףǸСŮ˱̬
ĺӳ쿴ߵĶŤͷһۣһĨЦ⡣
֪˼˼ף覺ùӳԣǽжˡף覾ȻҽԼŮˣôӦԽ˼˼ĵѡ
˼˼תף覿ʼ绤㣬ҪʵڲⱭƣҲû취ǻ̳˲ܺȾƿɲС
˼˼ζ˵ƶȲˣԺôһȥӦꣿҵٷˣҿҲˡ绻ɣҿɱܺȣҲܸҳ
ף覿Ž˼˼촽
Ɑƣ϶Ҫ˿ˡ
˼˼ղŵǷҲ˵ĺûзִ硣
˼˼˼ѾȻң
ԼٱֳĬʲôҲԺȻﶼҪ˼˼ѹһͷ
ľ¡
ҲܾôֱӺȣ˼˼һұͷȾơ
ﱻ˼˼༸ƵûʲôǺ滹ô
ͷһڣ϶ҲҪȣպеһزˣᶪЩִ硣
ôһõ
-

132ȷǲ

ۣ˼˼һȣҲֻ˵ѣ֮ܺȵö࣬˵׻ǽ˼˼׬ˡ
ôؽУðѽ˼˼ˮУҲù൹˼˼ý˼˼Ϊֹ
覶ݵ˼Ƭ̣ضԴ¶һЦݣѾһ⡣
еľƱϵ˵ôȵľһ塣μⳡ磬ǿǺңүү塣ȻǸҲ֪֮ȻҴ̸ҾƣΪôҾˣһҾ͸ˡ
ף˵̧꣬־ľƱһڰԵİ׾Ƹƽ
˺˾Ժ󣬾ϯϵһȺҲ⡣
ϵһһŮ޶ôˬ죬˵ĺʱƽкõĺһƬ
üͷһ壬һֱۣ¶
ĵľΪһʱߺⱭơ
һΪһⱭһȥȥÿһɾͶúˡ
ף覿˵û¡
˼˼ף覺ˣȻľơ
˼˼һξϵľƱף˵ףСǰȻٵףСһףԺܹ
С㣬һһؾﹻ˼覿Ž˼˼ȻĻ
˼˼һ㶣ףʵôȣ
ף˵ղ˵ҵľ㣬ܺȣҲܸҳҲ㡣˾Ȼһ㣬ҲսǲͱһȣһŸҾơҺһҲһʮվŵ˭ô
˼˼һ㶣ɫʱԳ־ִ
ղף覹ƣף覻ͷһǱףҪˡ
˼˼ľҲǶãƽʱҲͺȸͷˡ
ҰڵһˮϯôҲðŹɡ
ֻף覵ľƣԼȳԵͷԼܸźһϯ档ǰڽҵʱҲ͵ľư
ֻǾ̵棬ף˵ͺȲ˺ôˣҲ￴ף観
˼˼һ鲻Ҳףҵˣžô£ٷ˵λãҲһ
Խ˼˼ؾĻĻ΢΢һЦָ˵Сô˵Ҳԣʸȷǲ䡣
˼˼һɫѿ˼֡
æѽ⻰˵ģǲ䣬ǲʺϸһվڸߣһ;ơұѩΪС뵽һ취
ЦеؿŽ˼˼˵ʵֻҪ˸Һ͸磬רҺ˶پƾˡأȻ㱨Һ˶پƣ͸źȶپơӰˣ˵Բԣ
˼˼ˣǲԸУΪʲôҪӦҪμүӵģƴƵġ
ĵһ뵽μģղŰԼ˵ĸƵʱûԾ
ܣ˵ţûУ
覷ʵҪҲǾ˵Ļһ취ѡҵ֣СղҪҺȾƵʱģ˵Լ೤ôת۾ˣ
˼˼һʱ
ף׷ʵ˵Сղʵ˵󻰣ʵҲûж£ֻǴҾƶѰҾ͸ˣԩ޳ΪʲôҪҰѵ˽Сʲôͷã
ף˵̧꣬ͷһۡ˳ŸղŽ˼˼˵ҵٷ˵飬ʱ⡣
סСòҪĿŵ˰ɣ
ô˿أ˼˼ϹȥΪԼûУֻǽҲǣͷѡ
ףЦһͷֶб£Ҳġû£ҲûðõŽ˼˼ã
ף˵˴СͲ±ͷСҲòź˵ЩġҪܺȣǾͱһȡҪǺȲˣ;㲻ҾͺáԺأҲʲô˵λˣ˵ȥҲֲġ
ղŵһĽڲ˵Ŀⶼ˹һԵؿǣ˼˼ˡ
һ˶֪ǽ˼˼ģ˼˼ף覺ȣֻԵ
˼˼ˣˣ˼˼ǱɽֻˮЩú
ף覻һȦ˵㿴ϯϻôҪأҲöൢʱһ˵ϡС㣬þûа
-

133ҲƷ

˼˼ͷһԼƽʱҲܺȸһţҲûкȵĿܡ
ף覣Ҫæƣɼף覵ľʵôľŮҲģδؾͱȲף覡
ǽ컰Ѿ˵ȥˣôܰӸˡ
˼˼̧ͷף覣ҧðȾͱȣȵ󣡿˭ȳŲס
ֻҪӮˣԺף覵ܷף覣˵ף覲䵱ҵٷˣǸʹ죡
ף覿Ӧս촽΢΢һЦ
Ҫľ
ͷʵû𣿡
ף覵ӦأȺ˵
һӡ
ף̧סĸ첲˵ȥһɡ
ڳϵĶˣһ˸ף覣һͱһ
⻹һ˶Ž˼˼Ⱦƣ˭ף˵Ǽ乫ˡ
˼˼Я뿪޼ӣеǿôʲȥˡ
Ҫף覱ȥɣ
⻹ûʽΪʲôǺӳ쾴ơ
ǹɶµ覣ʮֱ̹ӵظǣΪӳˣ岻ˣȲ˾ƣίи
⣬ף覶𰸡
Ȼ˲߰ƣ˿ʼϯۺӳԺǲҲܲҵˡ
ƶȲˣɲϵ𡣼Ҵ󲿷ֵ⣬ڹܣҲӳԴˣ⽻С뷨ҲǺġ
̫һ԰ҪŮ˶ˮ
ӳϢԺ󣬲ûֱӳȥھƵףۡ
ŵľ潨ҵղץ覾⣬ҪڷҪүӿ
ӳ챾ԴҲȢģȻðա
ӳּϣڽ˼˼
û뵽Ťͷһ˼˼ȻһɵһԼԼƣ
¿ɺãûҵһף覵Ĳʹ죬ͽ˼˼ӳɫһʱ֮䣬ͱøѿˡ
ͬ潨ҵ˺ӳһۣɫõүף٣ôˣ
ӳһ㶣æҡͷأǴõӣ˶أ
潨ҵ˵⸱ɥı飬ɲǸˡ
ӳЦңǸôûΪءôҪӣ˵׼һر٣һͳˣҲ֪Ǳʲôˡ
潨ҵͺӳƽϣƱһϾơ
ӳүӷе潨ҵľƱһգæվүӵơ
ڱӳǸĽɫ潨ҵǰӳʱźźľǸѾߡ
һͷ覺ھơ
覵ľǺõЩ⡣
ƾʮʱ覵ϾȻ졣
·Ҳȵģֻ΢Щѡ
ǱߵĽ˼˼¶ǣλ϶ʼЩˡŶý˼˼Ҫˡ
ȥһƵʱץ˸գʵʲôʱѧĺȾƣ
˵ˣǰ;˾˺ȹΡ
ʵܺȶ٣
Ϊ覰Ѹţһȴˡ
ѹ˵ٶͿʼԺˡ㲻õģҲƷ衣
ľŮѾǲˣӦԽľƾ֣ľӦǿˡ
ϯԺɾͲܱ֤Լжѡ
ڣҲòŲġ
ҪǾܣͲҪˣһǵø˵
ʮֹɵصͷҲΪԼġ
ȻôӦģĵȴ룬ôҪӣŲ鷳
ôóŵŲȥΪֹ͵ˡ
ף覸ƣһֱ˵ʮûʲôʧ̬ı֣ԼܸоĲӿʼеƮˡ
Ƿ·ܶˡ
һʼʱ״̬ҲʼԳһĳ
һգգ˫ۣԼһ㡣ͬʱҲĵ׸Լľͽˣһ¡
йһ˵һ޵ľƴʣָ˸Եһơ
׼һڸɵʱȴȻԶߣһʮ־ҵײ
Ťͷһͼ˼˼Ѿ˵ϣǰľҲһƬǽ塣
˼˼˸ңӵһǣѾ¿ˡ
Żڴʮֵɨˡ³һѻǶš
-

134л㽲

ҵӶؿŽ˼˼࣬Ѿ˰߳ȥˡӳһæվӶˣѽ˼˼ϯϷߣнһ˾˸˻ȥ
˼˼ղˤϵʱŪһľƣ·ϸմԼո³Ļ˿ǸմһֳΧ˶֮
ף覿Ž˼˼ǸǱӣղѾʼЩԺӣȻ˲١
˰Сҡ
ͽ֮֮
覵һЦ⣬κֻܱ̫ԣֻ΢΢һԲĻԺ󣬾ֺܿѹȥˡ
һ˲䣬üʱز׽С顣
Īأűá
ŵӣĪɰ
˼˼ף覾ʮʱͿ첻ˣΧҲȰˣȴԸף覷
ף覻ﾴƣҪףһϸ¡
ǵԼĶƵʱθǷĸоȴֹҲֹסˡ
һƻûк꣬ʹϵľƣſ߿
Լ˵ûʲôȴɨһ˵ˡ
潨ҵˣⳡϣͷġȻǸܱȵùңڽҲ˵ϼ仰
˼˼ҵ϶ôˣԺ󣬲֪жں޽ľԺ϶кܳһʱ䲻ٳ¶ˡ
ף覿ű˷ߵĽ˼˼ݸһЦ֮ôԼ鷳
ǱߵС鷳ף覶˵磬Ǽưɡ
ʣûˣ覸һƣ˽
صʱҲʼеΡ
£ӳ˵覽òǺȴ˰ɣ覣û°ɣҪ֪ã̾ͲΪˡ
һľζҲʼЩ裬ûжǡӳ˵ЩαĻҲҪӦӳһ¡
ף˵̷ģ˺ȵûµġ
ӳͷףⲻ˵
Ťͷ˵ȥһţ̹
ƺȶˣȵţ̿Խơ
һţ̹ˡ
ӹţ̵ݵף覵ߣһ㡣
ھӿҺȵ̫ףССڵغ˰뱭
ľãһϯ˾һͷ⣬á覺ȶ˵ʱͷۡ
ѱ͵覵ǰٺȵ㡣
ע£覰һţ̶ȹˡ
Щ㱵˫ۣʵθ𣿡
ףҪҡҡͷܡ
ӳֿʼ߶߶˵ǻ˰覶˵ûˣҪţ̣Լι
ûӳ죬ȫע覵ϣ۲顣
ͷȥϢ
ûѻϣ⻰Ժȴ̧ͷ˺ӳ졣
һ֧°Ц̣ʹ˲֪˺ȵȻûйϵ飬ҲǴ𡣺Ժ󣬻ǸýƲźáȻʹˣëˡ
覶˶٣Լһ𣿿ͦᣬʵѾˡ
仰ϣúӳһᡣ
ףҹ죬
ףֲҺùӳԣӳԱʣµʱ䵹û覵鷳
ȹԺϯٿûһͽˡ
֧Դϯıͣһһǵġôã覸ղźȵǰ׵ģĿʼͷ
ͺӳȥͿˣϣʣף覺潨ҵ
潨ҵϿҪſµףһۣ˵СȲ˾ƾͲҪӲţҪͷۣпͷԸһ
ףҡҡͷ˵Ҳɣүүл㽲
潨ҵʵʲô
ף˫ֵϣ°ͣһ˫ˮ۾潨ҵ
潨ҵһ㶣СѾͷı£һ˫۾˵һôʱ
ף覱˵ΪûҪֺ㣬ҵŵ~ǣҪǰίĶӡ
ף覾еʣһˮԼȡ
ǹɸɿʣף覺ȻҸղ˵Ķˣ
үӵɫ˳Ǻȶͷ˰ɣ
СѾͷᷢƷɣ
ѵ˵ǰίĶӡ
ףඥ˵ŶԣǰίĶӣ˽ڵʱףҸ⹫ꡣͿˡ
ף覰죬һǸүףҵţ⹫š
潨ҵף覵һۣûˡ
-

135Ÿ

ȻҲ覸ղ˵ģίĶйصǼ仰Ųһͣվף覵
潨ҵЦүףȻأ
ף覲ûвԼˣ˵Ȼ⹫ҵ̸ͣۼˡίĶӣƷмţͦģֺáĻѡͺܺáǾͣҵ˼
˵϶ģȻѾˡ
׻˵úãƺԣ˭֪覻᲻˵ƽʱ˵Ļ
Ҳڣ潨ҵҲ뿴ôҪǿŮӣԺ˵ʲô
潨ҵʵ㵱ʱ˼ʲô
ף覺ԥ˵ȻǾܾѽ
Ȼ֮еĴ𰸣վˣĵײɵûһ󰲶
潨ҵյΪʲôίĶӲݣҲҲȥľûһܾ׮£ѵΪʲô飿
Ǹί潨ҵ֪ǰڽеίΣʡίˡίݵλ˶ͽء
ίĶӣĿ覣Ǽ޽ίȻҲȼ޽Ҳ
ģʮоŸҪ͹ټҴ򽻵
ʣµһġ
ίĶӺף֮仹ôһȷ潨ҵû뵽ġ
潨ҵʳôһϬ⣬һ˫۾潨ҵ˵үүҲܵûĵŮˡҲϲôԺ飿
潨ҵʵϲ˭ѵϲǼ֪ʲôϲ𣿡
ףС飬Ҳ֪һ㡣
Ȼ÷ǰЩ궼ƴģⲻǽŸջ
Ǹ鶼һģףŮӺҲǲŸϵϣ֮ʲô飿
ʵ벻ףҲ֮ʲô顣
潨ҵã֮䣬С޲µ̫ûмˣЩǰһʱѡ
˭֪ղŻЩԵɵף覣֣ȻһֻᵽϲĺܲζһͻȻ˶䡣
һ˫۾תҿ˿ȷûڿǣ򴽣¶һɬЦ
ף覲ûз֣վ֣˫ֲ嶵ء
覴յ潨ҵǰѹĵ˵֪ʲôϲҶԸĸоϲҴСϲ˾͸ϲˡ
վ¶һεЦ
ŶѾͷԭôϲѽ
ƽʱôһأ
һڣܺС졣
潨ҵû뵽ף覺Ժ󣬻˵ôһֱ¶ǵĻһ¡
ף覼Ժ˵Ÿ磬öˡڽЩ꣬һֱڵ֪һġ
ףһתȻ˵ǻίò׻ˣǹʱȴҪӽԶܵȥҡҺ֮䣬ңʵͦġ
ΪڱǣֶΣҲѾҵˣﻹкӳŮʲô¡
ף覺ȻһĬ
ԴıӰüͷ¶ôˣ
覵ڵӣ潨ҵף覵ǰ棬ȴܽı鿴
һ˫ϸϸüͷһ𣬺촽ҲȥһȻģ
ӣ۾е죺֪үүΪûһĹңý˼˼һʵҸͲȱ˼˼һ׮ǵǮ޷ǾңںͲҪʱ䣬ôصڡ
潨ҵѹȥףŮӣȷǹϡͿˣܰôס
ղһϯ˵ĵȥˡ
ջʱ򣬵ȷǺֶܲΡΪҵˣҲܿ
ȥףңףҵŮף飬ҲûҪôԡ
Ҫ֪ڽףҲǸ˼ҡ
ҪϲǾ˳ͺá
ףҲǽ˸ŵڵף˵ȥҲй⡣οף覵⹫Ҳһͨˡ
û뵽תȴΪףҵŮӣܵ˱ȥˣһȥü첻ʱ;ȥˡ
ҵܳΪһŮţҵ⣬ѵͲҪˣ
˽ҵŮʶףҵŮͻףǹôǡܲܳɣǶÿǲԸڱƮš
û뵽ף覲Ȼžƾͷ˵ˡ
-

136¾

ף覿潨ҵ˵үүҵˣϲں϶ҲϣļܺãҲϣܹңΪҵġһŲţ
ףѾ̹ˣ潨ҵҲûٲҴŵ뷨ֱ׵ظӦȰӱǻúÿҵ⣬ǼڱǺͽ֮ܡ
֪ѽʱһ˴ÿһʱ䣬ͻ㱨
Դ϶˹Ҫǿ
˵䲻ģҪжأ
ף潨ҵǴСһίͰ͵˵ȰˣȰˣ
ٲȻ˵ǸС쵰
ף覺ɸֵ˵ɲԡһ㶼ûҹԡ
վεشӿڴӶͷ
ղ˭˵Ʒģ
ãƷֻ˵һûϴȻĲүǰճˡ
ү˵˵ͶҲһֱվ󰲾ţûйȥǡ
Ҳ뿴覻˵Щʲô
潨ҵףʵأ֪үӵ˼ǻؽΪʲôҪӲͷƤڱǲ
ϷḻС齥ȥټĳصүүڱǣһҪ顣鴦֮ǰҲġ
潨ҵʵʲô飿
ŮӼȻܿĵ׵뷨ȻҲӦ÷ֵء
ʲô飬Ȧס֪ôȥ·üѵ£Ҫڱǡ
ף˵Ϊ衣赱ʵĲף뿪̼ҵʱҲǱί̼ҵȴһֱúúõġܻرΪһҾͲ䵱ŮҾ͹ôĶ顣
ر潨ҵĬˡ
ף覵ĻóŮӣ顣
潨ҵû˵ףһֿʼ졣
үү飬վһΪңΪ裬ҲûҡҪý˼˼Ҳʹ죬ҲϡΪȥ·ԼѡġǲôңҶ뿪磬ǸȲҪҡ
ף覺᲻Ҫġ
鱾ûʲô֤
ף˵ǡ
潨ҵʣʲô
ףĳȰ潨ҵүүΪѸˣ粻ϲˣȻԺ̺ûɫĵ׻ǾģһҲƢҪһֱôΪһ㷭
潨ҵ̧ۣվŵһۣһ仰˵һˣʲôûѵ
վɫһ
ףȴ˵Ȼ£ûӣһӡ
һӣֵõȻǺӳĺӣ
ף覵ģǸ粻һ
ۿģһֻСӡ
ף˵ƴôãѾ۵ˡڵȫң¯ȴѡңΪΪʲôΪҵЩǮ𣿡
ףԴ˵ΪǮֱûСûˣʵҪһҡҴǰãǻˡɲס
˵ɲ׵ʱף覵ĶۡһˣүүôΪأ
ѾĺܲˣүүҲãֻʣԼˡ
һֱվ󱣳ֳĬЩشȥǳ¶İˣƱ۵ס
򱡴ôˣȴûһһ
ףһԼ˫磬潨ҵ˵Ѿĵ׵ĻˣǾҵ˸磬Ҳһ׼
潨ҵʵʲô׼
ף覶潨ҵˮһָ˻Ρ
үүʱ䣬һѱǵȻػؽ飬һҵ⡣
ȻԺ˵Ļ˵ĵɡ
ף˵ܽܣ͸ʱ䣬ҪΪѸϲˡ
潨ҵʣҲܽأҪô
ף観˼һ󣬡ܽܣΪҰɡ֮ҪΪѸˡҴСͱΪѣװҲܸ˦⣬һΪѲҪһ㣬ĵ׿үү
үүүүҪͲҪˡүүҪġ
һദãͶһݡ
-

137п

Ȼף֮ǰŸ潨ҵ죬й֮ǿӲ̽ĵ׻ϣܹ潨ҵúദġ
ףôƪ۵һ֮鶯֮еζԼϣһ鷳ϣүܹúദʵˡ
潨ҵԺ˵Ǽٵġ
ǸޣҲ
ϲҲûе
һ̫Ϭʱϲ
ıӰȻۣʲôôССĹееԼϿ
˭Ҳ˭ģôͻܰҵԼȥأ
ҲеȻҰЩȫүӵ˵
ףȫûвԼǸ˵ĴڣԹ˵˵һԺûһֱ壬Լ̲סǵƤǿһ㾫
˵ˣһˣҸ߶ô࣬˵ˡĵأҪԼЩͺá
վǺЦ
ѽǶԼں̫ˣŻôΪ롣ƫƫﻹôҪǿʲôԼ֪
³һף˹ȥ
潨ҵһִۣ覵ļϣװʲô֪ӣʵ¶ʲôأ
գգ۾˵ûʲôˮء
ʵղҲڣүү˵ʲôûУ
ҡͷûСʲôû˵
潨ҵ֪ʲôˣҪװ֪ҲҴʲôû˵
ף覵ˮͷҷȥɳһ
覹ԹԵͷá
վ潨ҵһۣ֣صܺá
潨ҵһȻ
һ潨ҵšһҲ֪һʲô
ϯϰڵľ涼ʼˣӶڴʰɵġ
覱ɳϢ
Щ˵ģִ˸ָҪһˮǰιȡ
رĹԣʲôͺʲô
뱭ˮȥԺһ˫۾һ㣬ССȸԾ˵磬ҿɹԡ
ͷʵţô
΢΢һЦҸղһر¸ҵ顣
ʲô飿
ſڸҪ˵Ȼֽ˫룬֣صУܸ߸硣
ʵ֪Ҫ˵Ǻү̸飬ȻҪܣͲ𴩡
˵ãʲôʱ߸˵
ʱ˹˵үˡӦϵҪ˵
ǰκףһۣ˵ûգȥҡ
ǣүͷҪȥ
˭֪ףһ⻰צס·˵пգпգ
һ㶣ף覾Ͱƣȥȥ¡ûеΡ
һĬҲǼ㵡
ôţףС˵ӣȻɰĺܡ
ʵֻеΣ
ôоʱҪأ
ַģţֻеΡ㲻ùҡرȵ¡
˵꣬ڳһʮֱ׼Ͽˡ
һ
Ĺ۲ȴϸ΢͵͵ŴСǷϷԼӣ֪ǲԼġ
ЭУȥ¡
һ϶ʱ¶һЦݡ
˵̸ҪһҪˣɳϢһڿ˶߹ˣû˶㣬ôš
ף覵Ȼɢǵ˵ͷ
վߣȥ̸顣
ףʼձ뿪ʱƣһ
뿪Ժûӣ覾ͳһߵȥɳ覲ûпĵͷɳԺֱ˯ȥˡ
ֹûӣӳһͺ˴˽ϸ˵òеơ
ӳˣǽϵһֱû
ŵʱ򣬺ӳһүүʱұֺһ㡣Ѿ׼ˣǽ²նүүϲ裬㵽ʱɱ¶ˡ
ͷ˵裬֪ˡ
ӳüͷ˵Ժҳģôӣ㾹ȻҲʱ䣡
ƲƲ죬˵ҲҰĶ֪ʯ峧ֳô
ӳѵұ죡Сү֪ˣʱ˭ûкùӳԡ
-

138

賧ʯ峧⣬ģǲܼġ
ô˵±˷ֲ
ߴӴһɨ뿴үȴһ˴ǸɫɳϹԹŵСŮˡ
۾һ˵˼ʱͱ˹ȥ
ñµĹģ
ϸͱӳ潨ҵǱˡ
ӳһǰ͸潨ҵⲻǣڣ˵Եɡ
Ҳϵĺãظ潨ҵ˴֮˺ӳ׼ĺն衣
潨ҵҲûƽϣȥˡ
ӳ潨ҵźү磬˵˺һĻ
û˼Լϣĵվɳ˹ȥ
ɳ£ֶ̧Լ˵ҵˮ
˵꣬ף覵
Ŀ󵨶һ·͸ĵƵ޵㴽ٵǡ
߼ߣϸĲӯһյ֫Ȼȹ˫ְֳȡ
Ľװ𪣬Ƥֱڸ߸Ьİ£Լɼϸϸһ㡣
ףվŵʱȹӵĳøǹϥǡ
Ϊɳϵģȹӱһ㡣
ȻԼɤЩɣԻѾһЩ޵Ļ档
ղŲݲݿһۣ;Ů˳ò
濴͸ϲˡ
˶
Ҫܸ˯һζһꡣ
ţ߾¶һĨЦݡ
ʱӶ˸һˮ
ӹˮڣװĵʵŮ˭ô˯ᶼˣû˸ͻȥ𣿡
³˯ŵף覣˵ǴүģףҵС㡣ѾˣԺҪ޽ҵٷ˵ġ
ñӺˮһ٣ʵŮˣ
˵ǰ컹Ŵү;˾أ˲٣ӦˣողϢġ
ѱһţ˵ˣ֪ˣȥæɡ
ȥسæȥˡ
ף覵𽥱
Ǻøһ˼˼һף覣Ů˶Χתһһĺá
ףڣѹִ翴Ͻ˼˼
ôûĺ
촽ͣ¶һذĴϡѾԳףǷˡ
κ·ңǰˣһСֶУⲻЩơ
ŮĲһñȻƯ
˫ȣһҲ塣
ҪҲһĹﵱϱﻹȥЩ֦չ
˵ôȢףҵŮʱһ£ڿףˣǺͬˡ
ܹף覺ʹɢˣٰף覹յԼĴϣԼã磿
ô˶Ҳ̫ϧˡǴ
ȥԺǵúúòһףŮϢ
ף覻ûʽΪɩӣ˭Ȱ㵽֣ǲƾԼı£
ӳ졣
ӳ潨ҵż磬һͷ˵֣ʲô𣿡
潨ҵ˵ȴֱֱضſɳķ򿴡
ӳ˳߿ȥͷԼĶɽһһ˫۾ֱɳȥ覿
ӳͷʱͻͻ
Ҫ
֪観úãһ˼ˣö࿴ۡ
Сӣʲôʱ鲻ãôƫүǰԼδɩӿ
ǸǸ˶ܿĳʲô
˶˭ãƫƫף覡
潨ҵɫѿԺӳ˵ȥ覸̺ӣ˳һǶӣ˼Ÿɾһ㡣˵ǲʶùÿ࿴ҲˡǿѡŮˣҲδɩӣһľЩ£
潨ҵϲͬף覣ڱ覺һѾ׵ġ
ϣδɩӡ
ԼδɩôǲҪ
£潨ҵݲ¡
ղ˵⻰Զ˼ֶѵζ
ӳ캦´үӵùͷæҪһ̺ӣɳϵ˹ȥ
ߵǰһɫװףѾȸǵ覵ϣסֵ˴⡣
ûѡ
ͻȻֵһ㶣ջԼĿ⣬ЦղĶȥˣҸղӶ˵δɩӡ
-

139¶ô

覸Ǻ·˫ֲڿڴת˵֪ɩӾͰ˼ϴϴɾ˫۾Ĵҿ
ղһ̸Ϳɳϣɫеؿף覡
Ļʱ߹ʱ˳Ͱ·覸ϡ
ˣôռֱˡ
ô˵ѾǿˡҪңϣѾҲˡ
ϵЦҲȥôںδɩӣҪˣ˵ԺҪ˱ĵط
죡ӳһҪ˵һЩԻæǳŴ
үӸղѾõһˣҪ˵Щŵİ໰үӽ϶Ҫѵ
ͷ˳߹ĺӳһۣ񾯸£ߵĻָ˻ȥ
֪ף覣ӳ̺ӳ˹ȥ覸ǵġ
ˣҪҪˡ
ۿźӳ̺ӣӹһѶͷϣȥ۾ɡ
ͷס̺æҵץһŰ̺ӳ̺ӵһ仰ǣǲв
ɨһۣĿ񵶷棺˵˭в
˵˵вȹӶ̣Ҳ࿴һôˣҶˣôѿ𣿡
˵ǸģͱҸѿ¡
һͲţͷ˱ƯŮˣ᲻࿴ۡ˲˭˽˭
˵ԼǶ˿ģҪںһʼͰӻǽͷ㻹ܹ·ժһ䰡
ڶȭͷѾ죬ۣүү磬ҲƽϡҪٸҶ˵һ¶õĻҰ趼ʶ
լûжȭͷ
Ƿ¶ʱ
֮սŵһʱȻһ̡
硭
ԺϸϸģСèҪˡ
ϵʱͱ覵һ仰Ϩˣߴƿתף覡
ףǱǳѵģȻˣǾƻûѣһ˫۾ǰ͸Եء
ɻؿԼűµװףȥ
ףضһۣ·͵ԼıǼᡣ
óһۣŶǸ·
ߵǰʵˣͷ۲ۣ
覰·ԼĻ̫Ѩʵͽ˵ۡ
˵ѾɢˣȥϢ
ף覱
ܿ˿Լģѵȥүүкɡ
Ļ䣬潨ҵʹӺӳ˳˵ˣҿҲȶˣȥϢɡ
ӳһ㶣潨ҵÿһ·
潨ҵŤͷһ˵ҹ
һ㶣㷲ظ潨ҵ˷䡣
ӳ쿴ŹϵķţвֵġҵүǳСʱΪѧϰģûٱѵ⡣
ô飬Ŵҵ֪үӻôѵء
ףߣѾѳͣſڵˡ
ϳ֮ǰֳף˹ȥС㣬ү·ðɡ
˭ϣ֣һ·ף覾·һߡ
ųβѻ·߬װͰ͵Ŀ˵Ҹģ㡣
һ㶣Ťͷү⡭
ղĵŭڿףػ·һĻʱ򣬶׵ɢˡ
ף覣̲סЦ˳
ǺˣҲһҪػĶôõѾͷôܲ۰
ʵүСڷƷ𣿡
˫ֲڿڴͷ˵¶ôԣôܻڷƷ衣֡
һ飺ô
үҲ˵Ϲ˰ɣ
㲻ţ
˵꣬ӿڴһֻ֣ף覵ķ򣬴һָ¶
ף覱˹ȥŤͷһ˫ˮĴ۾ϳǰ˭ף覾ȸԾ磡
˵¶
ף覱·ԹԵس˹ȥ硣
˫ۣ˵·òãڲˡ
-

140㳤ÿ

ףŤͷ˿ֵͷ˿Լ·˫գذѻ·ݸ㡣
һ㶣СھүǰĹ԰
ӹ·ĬĬף覵СԴЦԡڸؼҰɣ㻹ûȥڽļء
ף覵ǰ˻Σƺеվסˡ
ֱӱ˳
覻صʱֽɨĳ̣һԼ·ܹһ㡣
覻·Ժݿһۡ
ȵİѣڴߣԴһһǵģЬӸղѾߵһߡߣڴߣⲻҪŵء
ǵذĽʶţǹŽţֺŵء
ֺ㣬͸һ㵭ķۺ졣ɰ
һĿɳ£֮µķ⾡¶
ʱûвκ޵뷨
󲽳ף˹ȥְ̧ī۵ף覵ǰϥȥ
ʵ¶˯һɣˣȥүүףүүǱô
ף۾һȻЦʶ㡣
Цô˵˵˭
˵Ǹ硣
ƺʶǣǸ硣ϣĸ硣
ף覵Сһ⣬Ȼǰ˹ȥˤˣԼ׳ĸ첲Ҫ
ף覲ûˤϸۻ˫§סĲӣǵԼĶޱ߲˲䡣
һ㶣˫ֽڰУҲǣҲǡ
ף覲˺һ乻ˣĶ˵磬㡣
֪˵룬ָڵǰꡣ
ղΪѵľף覵һ仰£һҲΪˡմſף˻
Ҳ㰡
ףĻֱ忴
磬㳤ÿ
ϸָ󵨵ظ۾Ȼı˷ûͷ٬
ûж㣬ô档
ǱһԱȼܹϵΪʲôҪ㣿Լ˽˿ռ䣬Ҳû֪ʲô
ף覺Ϸ񫣬ôȥģûͷ
ָ°ͻʱ򣬱ĺ̵һĸо
ף覾ص°ͣرĸо
Σץס÷ִֵԼ°ƿ
湻湻˾͸˯
Ļû˵ͱ
ף覸һڣ⧲
һŵĲֻϵľζеĶ㡣

ǻŵʱ򣬻װ߰ƿɵϡ
ݵĴԺȻǰ

ף覺ȻоһתѾԼƣǰվѹ˴ϡ
ãȻ˫ۣץסֵ˫ѹ࣬ȻѵʮְָۣԵ
ȵϢ覵ϡ
¶Ȼȶ˾ƣҲô˰ǰҪǸ磬ô죿ǲҪ˰ռ𣿡
ףգգ޹˫ۣʲôû
˵ϵ㣬ֻ㡣
ǰǱˣԼôһݺݵôܻô׵ȥأ
ǺˣҲȻϲĴ𰸺⡣
ΪʲôҪң
ף覺Ļشϲˡ
¶Ц⣺Ҳϲ𣿡
ף˵ϲ
ʲôʱǲϲôûа
ͷһ֣Լ͵ף覵ǰ
Ϸʵãס
ף覿͵Լǰģ˵Ӣգ㶡
ʱɬƵǸŵĿһ㣬ŵ˶ɴƽʱŮӣ̧ͷסı
΢΢رԸֲǡ
ƾζͬʱڿлӷ
ץסһ˫źۣԼľΪѹϣף覲ֵҶ
磬߿߿
ǣҶ粻ôֻѡ
ô۰Ȼʱ鶼ֱ治ʱ򣬾Ͷ顣
-

141Ļ

ԼһҪһ첻ڡ
Ҷ֮飬ͲԿƱ֤ˡ
ףһĪΣ֪δӺζǵҪҶʱĲˡ
ȷƭ
Լѹףϡ
ף覵İĲӣףģڷģŮȤ£Ͳס
ĲµСݮʱף覣˯ˣ
ͷ˯ԺСˣ
òĻԼȴ˯ñ˭
Σ覵·ΪǺ˱ӡ
Ȼתӹһ׸ɾ·߳˷䡣
̼ѵүѾѾ׼ˣڳʲôʱСˣǵøȡ
˵ͷ˵֪ˣͲˡһ٣нġ
̸˵ãллү
ת߽ԡңʰһ³뿪ķӡ
ϴĻ죬ûһ͹һԡԡ˳
ǵԡŵһ˲䣬סˡ
ؿŶԡſڵģССģһŵף覣ʵô
Ӧڴ˯ôͶ׵ˣ
˶ˣ
ף̧ͷһ˫۾
ˮĴ۾ôһգӨʹۿ˳ףһŴίؿ
ĺһͣӣݺݵشһӡ
۵ӴͲԼĶڳˡ
ǰøӣȻţȴǾʵôˣʲôˣ˵ޣ
˵ţȥϵۣü䶼˼
ףʵ㣬Ͳˡǲ㡣

Ϊ⣿Ͷޣ
εغ嵽ڣֻϴѡ
һûܺף覷ίˡ
˵ƭҡǰĵˣҡ
һ˵ģǰǰ顣
ʱߵĲִ٣Ϊʱ¶ޣ¶ġ
ʱһ·ߣ
Լ뿪ɺܴ˺һ͸ףүү˵绰
ʱףүү˵һжãŷʼƴ
ΪԼˣܵõеİȫС
ڿȻǵġ
ȥˣںԺΪԼ뿪ģԼһ뿪뿪ʱʲôӵģ
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ǲףүүһʼ˵ģǼٵģ
ݵֱۣȻף§һůĻ
ͷķһǡ
ڶ˵ûʲôԼĻ˵
Ǹߵ֤ף覵Ķ߳˵Ժ󶼲ˡԶߡ
ף覵˵ͷ
ӿףһͷĻһ˯˹ȥ
磬౵ڴ⡣
ף覹˹ӣ󱳾ײһůĶ
ףеӲʵů
⵽Ǹʲô
ף覻ۣЩڱ﷭˸һۡ
ףһУ˲ѡ
ãȻؿԼߣһ֧ԴһɧؿԼ
ôƿҲ֪ˡ
ô˯ߣ
һ򵥵Ļɫ˯£ԼؿڣЦеؿʵؼĻ𣿡
ף覣
ңû˵أ֪Ǹʲô
΢ЦǱصΣӣףˡ
ĬĬӵһǣסԼֻ¶һ˫۾ίͰ͵ؿ磬Ҵˡ
ȻǸƿ
ӴĶˣ˵˵£
һءﲻףֲһ֣
ҡͷȻЦȻȸղųһ֣ԡ
ԣͲˡ
һĸѣܷʲô£
ףСʵҴĶˣ
ѹȥȻףѹ˹ȥ˵¶㣬òǶƬ˰ɣ
ףһĭʼϸػԼܼһ顣
Ȼɫһرףһףɫ
Цһˣ
ף覸Ϊ־ڱӵµ˵ͷһͷӡ
-

142¸Ҹʹ

ҹ׷ʲôء
ģʹҹ˯ѣԼߣĵһ󲻰ͽžƾܵ˿֡
óԼԣ˯ڿͷ
ףһԼ۽žͳ˹ȥ
˫ֱȦסĲӣ˫һŵذ壬ʹӵһֻצһ
һͻȻЩӦܡֱ˿ʵΪʲô˯ǲǲϲңء
һڣסеĽ꣬ԼҪһ˵ѾͷƽϣϾԼͷͷŲüеĵط
ϵĵĿݣ˺һŰףСһѾͷƬӸͻ˷䡣
ǵ˷ŻشϣͼһֱԼϵ˫ʱͷˣ
ĲӣոշµϸҲ¼нεϡֱ֧ԼͷҪѹˡ
ţͷ֪ܵ˵ǲǲң
һ㶣ô᲻أ
ףдʵؿߵ㶼ңǲң
ЦãҪô𣿸ܵûưɣ
ף覾еߣ˶ĻƲ⻻˸ƹ˹
ôʮӣֱ˺ƽȣһף覾ͻȻ˫ۡ
һ˫ˮĴ۾ίͰ͵ؿؿߵȻǲˣ
Ƣʵôֲˣ
ʲôûأ
ףʵңΪʲôһСʱǳһôڲǲˣ

ãѾͷƾǳͷˡ
Ǳףֵóûа취ˣźһŴϣ˯ġ
ȥķ˯ҪܿڻԼ̫ԺٲƵسʲô컵뷨
ãǿߣͬһϡƫƫֻܿܳԵһҹ
ףСһɴʣµİԴҲ˱ӵ¡
žˣ
£ףִӱӵ˳ίͰ͵ؿ
ʵȫˣ
ף֪ԼʱһУֱջ˷һϹԹѾܲˡ
ˡף覲˵磬ҲýžƾͶԸˣåµֻһҪ󡣡
ʵʲôҪ󣿡
ףһı飬Ų˵һ͸Ҹʹɣ
ǳЦһôϲ㣬ôء
ף覸жĶˣ磬Ҿ֪ˣ
Ǹǵ˵ǲˣƷġ
ףһ㶣ǰûйˣƷľΪʲôϻᷢƷ裬ѵʱȵĲ࣬ûеĵز
ף覵ԺҪǸҺͱ˺Ⱦԣ㿴ҲһƤ
ף˵ȲȣûиڵĵطҾԲٺȾˣ
ǰ֮ﻹȾư
ˣĲˡҪǺȳʲôô졣
õ֤ŴףϷ˴
һ׸ɾ·˷䣬ףҲæʼԼףԺ󣬾뿪䣬ȥ˿
ף覿һۿϹҵʽӱ֪Ѿ쵽ˡ
ףһ㶣ǰƣҲѵôˡ
³һͶһ˹
龯棬۰ʱҪú۵ġ
˵ѾѾȺˣˡ
ף観¶һǳǳЦݣѾɳϺһ˫۾ʼת
Ǹʽӣܴ󣬴ҲԵúΪûסˣװ޸ƫִһ㣬ЩӵľͷҾߡ
һ裬˴ļң㻹𣿡
ף覵ͷ˵Ⱑװ޵ͦõģ࣬áɫɳѡĺܺá
˵ͺãԺǽˣסҪǲ⣬Ҿٽ˸һġ
ͻȻ˵飬ǹ˹̧ףһۣ˯еź˵Ҳ
ףһѾ͵Ǻ˳
Ĳ裬˼ֽüôôϷ
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143ҲҪ

ȻĻ˵ĺܲҪףҺۡ
ʱȻķţף覸ҪȥţͱɳϣѾƲ裬ȥš
Ŵ򿪣ͼһլӶվ⡣
üͷһ壬լˣܣסɨĳɩҲԼҵ
ʲôʵ
Ӷ˵Ǽүġ
Ӷ˱˵űŷһʵרһˣ£
Ӷ˱סߣſ˵ŶүҪҴүȥףҹ˵Ӧ
һ񡣡
Ӷһϲô˵ףҵĹڴү
ֱſڣȥڣȶˣûʲô˵ɡ
Ӷ˵үӽ˵ϯ̫æûúʶһףҹôүףҹһլúóԶٷȸ衣
üͷһ壬ʲôĺ磿
¶ȥʱѾһʹˣȥ϶ҲõȥҪǸҲء
¶ȥˣҪƽױϣ
˵Ǳǻ飬ͻرˡ
ȥҳԸʱ仹еģǰɣ磿֪ʲôʱףЦеؿ˵
һ㶣ͷף覡
Ӷ˿űӦáû𡯵ף覴һҲ
ףתӶ˵鷳ȥүүʮ֮ǰȥ
ããͻȥүӴ𻰡
Ӷ˵õҪĴ𰸣̾ˡ
Ϸţ˫ֲڿڴ￴ף覣¶
ף˵үүгԷҵȥ
üسǺ£˭ֻ֪ʲôӦ㣿Ǹ㲻֪컹
ĻȻɲסû˵ȥ
Ż£ǲҪ֪ȽϺá
ƲƲ죬˵֮粻ϣȥҪá
첻ȥһүӲģҲϣ¶ί
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̧ͷ˵磬ǾһʱǺͺӳ֮սѾˡ
˵֪
ף˵⣬ȻûܱȵĹ㡣ҵⶼڹܣӳҪҲߣı¡Ϊʲôҹòأţ
˴ͷŤһߡ
ף覰ǿԼӣ˵ΪҪĲҵǮҵġ
Ĭؿ
ף˵ҪҵЩǮ򵥣ֶΣһ׽ǺӳڰѳҵģүүģҲŲʹ졣
˵粻ûʰӳ죬ҪŮһͺӳ춷ǷͽթҲˣúһķȥЩ£ֻ˾øûҳӵȡ
ܶ鲻뵱Ȼģƴ˰֤꣬Լҵĵλ
ΪһЩӬͷС£һץסţֻúҺϻ˿ңԸġ
ӳҲץסһ㣬ŻƵƵӦӬһط
ףЦЦԣ齻
һ㶣ʲô
ף˵˽Ů뷨ԶŮˣһŮõһŮˡҵϵҲ٣ҪұңǲġҪĲС
һЩʲôҵ˾㲻Ҳ֨
һ
ף˵ǲмȥЩģҲҪġӳǿ͸һ㣬վסšҪӲλҪƫġ
£ܸšһӣǾͲºӳû֮أҵҲá
ף覻Ŷҽ첻ȥңˣ˸ᣬǾҪʧȥүүĺøˡɲǺ¡
ߵҿ㱾ҲûʲôøСҪίԼȥ飿
˵ףǿ
ίǿǸļҡף˵ңҿүүҲûжұֳʲôȡģҪȡһ¡ʵȡˣʱҲΪѡÿϧ
Ҫһңֻļңģԭļҡ
ף˵ӳŮҶԸ͸ϵ飬ศɣǺܺ𣿡
-

144¿۵һֺù

ͺ΢ıҲҪõġ
ҵǣҪġҪǼˡ
ԣܹ༸ˡ
ⲢζҪԼί۸Լĵߣ˴ߣҲӡ
ֻҪܵöѡ
ףǣ֣˵һȥңòã
̾һá
ʮһʮף覵ҡ
֮ǰȥǴӶ˼ˣ̾ȥҵүˡ
潨ҵڿͺӳ̸½ӹܵ飬ɫ̫ÿ
ӳҵһ۳ǴӺӳ챨۵һȲһˡ
ϸԺ󣬻ڻڲֿûȥӵӯȻǰ۳սʱһ룬潨ҵеġ
潨ҵԺӳʵ㵽ǾҸ̫С㲻ܣû¹ܺãܶӲоˣҲ㻹ʲôеģǾԼҾˣͲүӷ𣿡
ӳҧҧոձүӽѵүѯʳӵүȻǶˡ
ΪԼĶ췸˺ͿүҲô۳⡣
ӳż˵ǵģ֣ҽ͡
ӳ۳⣬ʹף覹ˡ
ӳ쿴һۣһתһ⣬Ťͷ潨ҵ͵治ңףʵЩ
潨ҵǰߵ۳һǰʱҿɻûءʲô鶼ͷϿۣҪҪ
ӳȴڨЦ˵˵үͷ˶һү㡣ôԼ飬ȴѽ
˫ֲڶȼʲôˣ㵹˵ѽ
ӳʵǰʱǲѹ̼ҵ⣿
üͷ΢΢һ塣
ӳ˵۳ǰǲ̫ãҲڲӡԴ㲻ѹ̼ҵԺ۳ԽԽ˵мû̼
ӳ۵һֺù̶̵ļ仰ﾹȻȫ⡣
ү֪ѹ̼飬ְ۳ȫƵϣүӾ覵ı̼ұǿڹⱨҡ˵һ
˵Ӳѻ˵ףȴᵽе⡣
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̼Ҫѹһ룬ȷʵʲô¡
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кܶˣΪԼܹõţô
ĽҲе
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ף̧ͷʵ̣ʲô˼лֱ˵
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ף覵ɫһ̼Ըļҡ
ӳ˵Ȼ˵㶨ףˣǼ޽֮ǰҲʰʰݹϵɡȻΪͷҵƴҿǲ̫ð
ɨ˺ӳһۣĴ͸¶ĲáҪΪף観ͷʱȴס֡
ף覶΢΢ҡҡͷû쭡
ӳЩ˵ĺ壬ʱͷֻʵӳ˵顣
侲ˣף覲ŤͷԺӳ˵̣Լû£֪ҲҪиȰЩôȫƵͷȥ
ӳһ˵ѵЩ㣬ûйϵ
ף˵ûаëǮϵ
ӳüͷһ壬㡭
ף˵ȣûҵĴڣΪ˽⣬Ҳһѹ̼ңΪҵˣӦÿ޸ΪҵֶвŶԡôܻɸأΪҲ飬ʲôԵ鲢ìܰ
-

145ܹܲܺ⣿

ӳ˵ϾΪģ˭֪̼ôǺ۳⣬ǲҲΪ㣿
ף覵ͷЦЦ̧һ۶ϵīԼû£Ҳԩڱͷϰ
źӳ˵û̼ң۳ҲеġҪܹ۳⣬б⣬ҲӮԷ𣿡
ӳһ㵱۳ӮģҪ㣬ǧְ취
ףЦһԺӳ֮ԱǣǴԵ
˵ףǺԼûǸ꣬Ըɲоֱ˵αôأ
濴ӳ졣
ǵø˵ջҵʱҵҲûΪǸ粻ǹˣҵ⣬ڸҲȵǰô
ӳܲ۳⣬Լ⣬ʲôϵ
Űƣ۳ܺòŹ֣
ӳ쿴ף覣ŭ˵ҿվ˵۰۳ⲻͿ˵ǰɣ
ףƵҲ֪̵ôҵ֪ǰ˵ĵ۳һͱĺأ
ӳ̼ңʹˣúӳŹ֡
İ취ȻһַӦ
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㣬ܹܺ۳⣿
ӳһ㶣ŤͷղŽضĻ潨ҵ
ףҲͬؿҵүӡ
ڳˣֻ΢ɲǡ
潨ҵϵʽľͷ̶˵أܹܲ۳⣿
ף覻عүүҪᣬ۳⣿
ף覵˵ͷ˵ܡ
潨ҵ˵㻹û۳أ͸ǰô֤µʱʲô⣿
ףһҲǫ˵ȻСӺѽһܹܺ۳⣬Ҵء
潨ҵ̶һ˿ȼسһڣ࣡һ
֮䣬潨ҵۣ˼
ã̶ָף˵۳Ժ͸ˣԺÿңҽ۳
ף覵˫һŤͷźӳЦ
û뵽ϰ̣۳⣬Ҳˡ
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Ժϱûжˣڻûŵף覾Ȼзϵһӣ
ôܽܣⲻҪ׼ܿ
潨ҵ˵ҪҵŵģԹܹ⣬Ҳûʲô֡ң˾ҪԺܶһ档ҿ۳Ҳ͸ԡ
ӳż۳⳹׸ô죿
潨ҵִ̧Ҫʵڹܲãٻˡ˵ˣֲⲻһ۳ģôС
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۳Ѿ˺üˣͻȻףϣôܻʹ졣үѾ˾Ѿû취ˡ
ӳǸڰֻƵףͷϣ뵽ף覾ȻôѺ۳ˣ
ףĵȴе
Ϊⲻֻһ۳⣬үүһ֤ԼĻᣬҲõүүϿɵĻᡣ
Ѻ۳ˣүүҲͲʲô˼˼˼˼ˡԺңҲùһ㡣
һҪܺú۳⣡
潨ҵЪؿףһۣ۵׵ľһ
Ů˵һȷǴף˱ĿҲף覵ǳܲܳ¡
ܹܺһֱ̫۳⣬Ǿ˵ȷˢӡͿţף覵ȷпʵ֮ǰĳŵġ
ʱ䣬Ըǡڱңꡣ
ף첻飬Ҫ¿ϯ˵һˡ
ʱһӶ˹潨ҵʵүӣ㣬ҪҪˮ㰡
ӳ˵ȻүӳԲ̫Ķˣôô鶼ǲס
ӶæǸԲ𰡺̫̫ҼԲ̫á
ʱ潨ҵȴףʵϲˮ𣿡
-

146̫ǫ

ףͻȻٴαգգĴ۾˵ϲ
潨ҵӶ˵ǾˮɣΪ覿磬ϲɡ
ӳؿ潨ҵүӶ覵̬ȣôͻȻôת䣿Ҫˣ
ӳ룬Ƕүʲô
ʵǣףʲôֶζûáֻǼ򵥵ھϯϣүӳ̸̸
ⳡϴľˣͻῴܶ಻õĶթٳֵܶΪǮĿɳ𣬻ݺףүһģԵ
үӻףת̬ȣΪıģΪ㴦ⳡҲûжԼһģ潨ҵһ㡣
Թ緹үҪȵ衣
ǽȴһײߣײߺӳû潨ҵùһװ״ɵġ
ӳʵ֣֮ǰҺԴɰĲߣΪʲôˣ
潨ҵ˵þⲻδϱһµģóá
ӳһ㶣ŤͷԼף覡
潨ҵЦҲԿ͸ҵնô
һԵӶó͸潨ҵն裬潨ҵóһҶŽ˸
ͷЦЦүүĴ覻ˡ
Ȼ¶Ĳ͵ն裬үү̬ת䡣¶һ˵ĵǺãżƺˣˣ磬Ҳǲġ
ӳܲζ˵覣㻹Ƕ˼ҵѽ
⿴ֻһײߵ⣬ʵү˵ÿһ仰Լ˼
үף覵Ķζףǽ𣿿үӻмף覶Լ˼
ЦЦҲһײ߶ѣȵϺأ
ӳ첻ĹάƤЦⲻЦ˵ҿûôܵ
ףһʵôûУ̫ǫˡҲһײ߶ѣɱȲϺ֪үүϲȲרŰһ賧ܵѽնǲǺ̵Ĳ賧ѽ
ӳɫˢһף㵵Ŀף覡ô֪賧ģ
ףһ޺ЦеĿ
ӳ첻ͰѺӳŵȫ¶˭ǺĹ˭˭˭
ղ̬ͦƽ͵潨ҵʵʲô賧
ף覺˳ػشĲ賧үү֪
ֿ˺ӳһۣʮǸε˵ŶһүүһϲǸǰүү㿴ˣҲûŶģ̫ᣬ˵
ȫ̹ۿϷһıݣ̲סЦһ
֪ӳүү賧飬ôէһء
潨ҵĹصķŵϣӳ죬ô¶˵˵ʲôʱ˽ˣ
ףĿɣһֻ˵ˡ
̧ͷһ˲䣬˻һûУҶ
ӳɫһһ󣬱ֱһɺ⡣
֣Ǹ賧ʵҿģҵһҸſģʵֻ˺СһݶǮҪҵͷ⡣ǲ賧Ͳҵģ
潨ҵĽƱ֮ʷŭ֮ģ㻹ңģ㻹֪
ô⣬ʲôĻûʲôǼһˣӳ쾹Ȼƭ
ɻûأ
ӳıŭ潨ҵŵ͵һ԰׵Ľ͵ңңҾǾСòŰ֡
潨ҵ˵㲻Ǿòң֪˽˵⡣ôǾҼˣõǮ࣬Լˬ죿
ӳż˵ǵģôôأ
潨ҵЦһ
ҪǾԼˬ죬ͷҵе飬ԼȥԼȥҲ˵Լҵˡ
ӳæ˵֣ûôء
潨ҵ˵ûôأҵ֮ǰô˵ģ˵ϲԴҲûУǸҵţ㶼Ը⣬ԲͼҵһǮ
һ㵹Լˣӳ죬ı²С
˵ҵ˲Լ˽˵⣬ҲڽƲȫһϡ
˽⣬ҵĹأӦүӱһ
үҪǾУ˽ҲûʲôˣõԼıǮүҲǸǮ
ǺӳүӣȻǲⲻҵȨ
-

147һӻ

ӳ˵ľһʱҪԼûб¿Ӷѡûб˼
ĵЦһ
ӳѾҰæ˶ʮˣҪԼһ֣ڸԼѡ
潨ҵʵҪǿˣ֤ԼбԺǲǾҪȥ˰ѹһ۳ûܺãԭԼҪæ
ӳ͵û賧Ŷʱ䣬ǾǱ˵Ĳ賧ֻһСֵǮȥѡ
潨ҵܺӳ˵ˣԼͨ뺡
Ҳ֪ҪǸ뷨ھͿôĻҪƳȥҲӦҸӳ죬Ҫ߿ԣҵĳӣҵǮһҲߡҲ롣
ӳɫһҰףƺ¼Լ뿪Ժ
ûûУû뷨үҾͰѳӵ˵㱨ԺҲŪˡ
潨ҵɳϣ˫ʮָ棬һ𣬿źӳ˵ǲǾôѹ㣬ܲ
ӳ˵ûУҵĳָղŽѵĶԣ֮ǰûа鿼
ף覿źӳ潨ҵǰȹӣ𡣶ЩֶλˣӦеӡ
һԼĽǰͷ
ҵĵһ죬ȸӳһľ档Ժúӳøҡ
潨ҵźӳ˵ԶҪ֮ǰ֮ǰұ֤ʲôô꣬飬Ҳǰ㵱֤ġҪǺԼľʱ뿪ҡҲ㡣Ҫҷ֣ʲô飬Ͳ߲ߵˣҵһţ
ӳ潨ҵ֤ûˣ
潨ҵ֪Ϊοףһۣ
ףһ˫Ĵ۾潨ҵգգȻҡҡͷʾҲ֪ˡ
ʱҪ˵ںӳĴ£һʯ峧飬һ¾ͱ֮ǰĻΪ֮ô
ʯ峧ϵƣԺ˵иôںӳ첻õʱݺݲһš
һ԰ѺӳΣֻΪ˻ܸһΰֱ
潨ҵƻغӳϣ˵һʱ䣬ڼúþģҲҪٹˡУѺ۳ƽϡ
ӳոմ潨ҵۣΥͷԹԵ˵ǡҾƽ
ʱֿ̧һϵı˵үүҪȥˣһ绹һҪ̸Ҫˡ
Ҳ潨ҵͬ⣬վ
潨ҵյһۣ˵Ҫ£ǵԵҲˡȥɡ
ףŤͷźӳ죬˵̣ͳŽ֮ǰѺ۳˲ԱϽҰɡÿ𳵵ʱ򿴣Ҳ˷ʱ䡣
ӳü콻ʲôã㣬ǿ˲ϣ֪۳ˣ
ףЦе˵Ǿҵˡ
ܴӺӳŪһ۳ʵ⡣ӳӦҲû뵽
ھ˱ԱϣӳͲˣֻϣܿ⡣
ȻʱӳҪͷԣЩϺ˲ֽţҪֱЩϢαð졣
ӳŤͷһ潨ҵõȴ潨ҵף覵Ҫʾֵ֧̬ȣҲȥɡҪõĶ
ףЦ鷳ˡ
϶ҵİ칫ңڼǸȥ칫һˡӳĲ鲻Ըվףȥ
潨ҵǰӳ˵ʲôҲΡ
һ˼ţӳʵô֪۳ģ
ף겻һЦĺӳȥ˦ơ
ʵôܵ飬һ𣿡
˭֪ʱȴһ̵Ժӳ˵Ҹġ
ӳͷ˵˼֣ɫһ㶼á
ҵͿǣ˿ӣͱһԺǿҲĻˡ
Це˵ˣԺͲͱˣҿܻỻӣöġ
ӳɫࡣ
ֶ߬ȭͷ
ף覣õͦ˵İɣҸ㣬۳⣬ûôԺ·ءɱ¯磬һӻҡ
ף覵һԷ磬Լͷ
Ŷ˵ˣһүӣӳ֣㣬ϣŻرء
-

148иë

ӳףһۣеСɽȥ
СɽǺӳ˽˾инɽںӳ¹ųӡ
ףҲԼĳӣ˺ӳ졣
ףڳãŤͷʵղΪʲôȲذҴг
ЦһٲߣֻЦݾҪزסˣүүûôƭ
ףһ㶣ұֵô𣿡
˵ΪҪԡ
̫˽ˣֻҪԼһۣ֪ʲô
ղΪʲôںӳǰ˵賧ҵģ
ǵؿһۣҪǲô˵ҪӳȫעˡעҵϣӦòôΪѡ
ڱÿʱÿ̡
˵ӳǸѲŮˣо׻˵ĺãϵ̺켣ô꣬϶һЩûмʶֶΣԿ㵱ҪԵĶ󡣡
ף覵ĵůůģ𣬡˭Կһء
̧ͷҲΪԵĶ󡣡
ף˵Ҳԡ
˵֪ڽȸ̫鷳̫á
ף˵ҴС鷳Ҳ١
˵㲻ǻбǵҪ𣿡
һ㶡ͺӳһӮ̫ģҪǱǻкصˡ
š
ף覺ͺӳڽʱȻû˵һֱԱ߰ءһˣͻῪڰæ
϶һ۳ʱֲڽҪӪһԹ۳ܲס۳Ҫǳûˮ㣬пˮ覻ǺܴӰ졣
˵̼Ѿڱܶˣô׶ԸģӳٰעŵϵĻۡڵҪ񣬾Ǵñǵ顣飬ͽҡ
ףϸ룬飬ȷЩ֮ˡ
Ȼ˵ͷˡõ۳˱Ժһʵһ㡣
黹ǸÿĳԶһ㣬Ľûд
֪ĹǸˣҲͲٶ˵ְ̧覱˻
ԼҹĿ౧ãܴٽء
ף覱Ļͷ۾ЦС
ԼҸ磬Ҫͱôûʲôýġ
ӿһʱԺ󣬾͵Ŀĵء˸źӳһ·İ칫ҡ
ӳóϵԿף˰칫һܷĹӣóһ˱к۳Աϣصˤϡ
ӳ˫ֻأû˵ҪĶȥ
˶ʡǰ˷
ףҲ߹ȥ˱һһȥȻ̧ͷԺӳ˵̣һµ˱Ķȥˣ
ӳɫ΢΢һ䣬Ű칫Ĵ
鷢̫ͻȻʲôû׼
ǰ˱覻˵ûʲôµģϾЩ˱ΪӦүӵļ飬綼Ѿʵġɫˡ
һ˱ԭء
Ҫֱˣף˾ָҪ˱濴ʲô
ӳ룺Ǳ˲ǰȥ۳ˣûûءȿǰİɣôˣҿһʱҲ꣬ȹ˱͵Ƕȥ
ף覺ɵؿ˺ӳһۣܾúӳĻš
ӳ˵׻᲻˱͹˵Ҫٶϼ죬ӳ˵涯ֽţ
ף˵õȹˣھ͸ȥ۳áиëϲ˿ʼ
ʲôë
ף覷ʵأ
Ҫ˲ӳ첻С
ӳһѵ㲻Ǹȥ𣿺۳һ·Ͳµʱ䣿
ףЦЦؿ
֪è塣ӳŮˣʲôʱΪˣ
ӳѵʱ򣬾ĵйʱ
ף˵£Ҫһ˵Ļ𳵣Ҳһ˵ġ˲ôҪĶõֱȽϺáֱȥ۳ɡ
ӳ챻Ƶûˣ˵ǵطеԶҽˣȥ۳ҪȻˡ
ףʵүү˱ȫƽأ㲻ȥãǲүүĻ𣿡
ӳһۣף覣㻹û޽أүѹңָֻţ
ףһĬ
ӳһ칫ߡ
ʱȴף˵ǾͻҰɡ
-

149˱Ҫ

ӳһ㶣ͷףô˵
ǿӲ̬ȶԼģΪʲôͻȻô
ףַ˷ϵ˲˵Ҳһȥ
ӳתʵȥʲô
ף覻ֻϣףҲҪҡ
̧ͷԺӳЦЦ۳үүҵģ㲻۳⽻ңҵȻҪȥүү˵һ˵ʺϹܺ۳ˣҲүүٰ⻹㰡
⻰˵ģƯƯ
Ǽ漸ּ٣ڳ˶֪
潨ҵѺ۳ӳ쵱ȻǼٵģ˸״档
ӳոŭ潨ҵףΪ飬ȥ潨ҵǰһ潨ҵһǹⲻͣ¡
ףв
ǺӳȴӲ˵ף覣һẦ𣿲һ˱ѣ˱۳Ҫرǣ⼸춼ûʱȥ۳ɣѺ˱㣬ҲӰ첻ʲôʲô
Цһؿף覣˵ҽѾүǰϲˣ¶һС£ʱ䣬СүӾˡͲһ˰ɡԼµһչڸոն̬תүǰֵ𣿡
ף覵ĺ촽򣬿ӳǲôвˡ
ǼвֵүǰܾˣǵȹҪһ˱ЩԾΪҲӰԼүүĵ׵
ףŤͷһۣѯĴ𰸡
֪ΪʲôܾԼãʱܸһȷĴ𰸡
ĵ˫ֲڶһ޳Ӱڰ칫
һֱϣĿ⣬سҡҡͷ
Э˱Ҫ
ӳ˵׻᲻˱͹˵Ҫٶϼ죬ӳ˵˱涯ֽš
ֽŵ˱Ҳûжˡ
ӳ쵱ҵĻƳҪɫ˱
ȥ˱ӳɫˣǽ鷢ͻȻ˱ӳӦûʱ䶯ֽŵġ
˵Ҫ˱µġ
ӳв覣Ҳǡǡ˵Ȿ˱Ҫԣ°˱
ǾӦõ˱ˡ
ӳֻⷬŻ覵ģںүӵĿԻԼүĵ׵󿴵ıȽҪʧȥȷжϡ
ʵǣֵүǰϸѿģҲֻǺӳ졣
Ϊ覲Ҫ۳ѣӳȴֱΥүӵ˼
˱õ
ף覵õ֧֣о˵ס
תźӳ죬ᶨ˵Ȼֲ˱Ҳûа취ͻҰɣ鿪ϲظүү˵
䶮Ҳ˵ҲáʵҲԸôһŪòĳӡȻ˲ͻ
ŴӺӳǰ߹ȥۿҪ߳칫ҡ
ӳ覵Ļһ㶣ֻҪһ覣ûҪȥүѽ
¿ô죿˲ף覣˵濴ʲôҲܿϾǼúء
ףȥ潨ҵһ״үһңҪүֱӼܿˡ
ȱȫԼãүǰһöֲš
һ˲ûҪֵүǰȥ
ȵȣ߳칫֮ǰӳȻе
ףʵʲô£
ӳЭ˱Ҹǣ
ף˵Ǿ߰ɣھȥá
ӳѿ˵ҸղͻȻ˱콭ɽͻˣҵİ칫
ףЦЦⲻԳô
˱ôҪĶӳһƳ˾ȻܼǴĶˡǲԼֱƵû취ˣŲò
ǺӳڴӦ˱͹ˡ
ף覻ͷһۣʾ⣬ӳթ
û뵽Ȼûգһۣ˴ε硣
ףһ㶣ЩںӳǰЦ
ôôͻȻû
ӳת߻ӱߣͳһԿףѳ򿪣óһһ˱Ҳϡ
𴦣һ˵ˡϽˡ
ף߹ȥҪϵ˱ߣһϵЩȫ
ףһ㶣ͷͷССһֻף˵ˡ
ףȻЦеظ˳ȥ
磬á
ĽҲģ
-

150¾޶

۳ǰ潨ҵӳġ
ʱҵԴڹܡ
ʱĺӳң˵ҪʲôʲôˣүҲûлɹʲô
ҵţô꣬ӳҲǵõҪĻر
۳ʱ⻹ǲÿ£ô˵Ҳϸǧ飬һ
ʮһĳӣѾ㹻ۺˡ
ӳ۳Ժı³־߸պõ취ڽҷݹҺڡ
ӳҵͷȻҲӼһԼˣǹúһЩ
Ͱ³־߰Ž˺۳˸
ּ򵥵ģֻҪƽʱܺԱˡ
³־߸߸˵ں۳ɵĻӳûҲͰ۳ܡ
۳·ѾͨˣֻҪ۳ӪС£ӳһҲʣͷҲһ㡣
³־ߵ˴ȨԺ󣬾ͿʼЩƮƮȻˣ²ǰôģʱһЩСˮ
Щ飬ӳ춼֪³־߱ϾԼˣֻҪñ̫֣ӳ飬Ҳһֻ۱һֻۡ
Ǻӳû뵽³־̰Ĳ󣬻̰ûӡ
һأ³־߳˱˵ĸ߼ۻؿۣ˶Է۵ԭϡ
ԭҲֻǳɱȴǰһЩѣӳҲû¡˭֪ӾȻܳùġ
ӱǲõģ³־ߺ³ǩ˵ӸֺԼǮûȥ
һ£̾ͷ׷ҪǮ
ӳ³־ߣһͨԺ󣬲Ū顣
ʱӳͰ³־һͨԺ۳ÿһ⣬Ҫֲ
³־һϵƣҪ³־߲ƨɻǵòΪӳҲֵүүָ²
æ飬ִ֮ǰѹ
Щʣµۿ϶ǲˣȥҲҪȫջøЩǮ
ӳͷ˴£ƽˡ
Ϊ飬Ҳȥ˲Ǯ
ӳôǰһ㣬Ȼߴ
ʱ򣬺ӳԼһ
ǳһӯһ롣
ֱӴӳӵۣôȥġҲԼǮôһ
³־ߣһֻ֪Իؿ۵ˣ͸ָˡ
Ǻӳһ취ЩǮ̯ÿµĳɱÿµʵӯ
ЩǱ̯ˡ취ҲֻܲϲǮָܻ۳⡣
ӳ˷ù۵Ժ󣬺۳ĿڱʹǰϾ̶ǣ۳ӯҲȴǰĶࡣ
ټӯﻹҪ̯ʱù۵Ŀ˲ϵ֣͸ÿˡ
۳һԽԽãÿ潨ҵ۳ˣսľġ
ӳ첻ûΪ۳취۳ѾܻˣҪٰʵ̫ˡ
ҪٵһֻҪһ͹ˣǾһĳӣȴҪһֵּ֤š
ں۳ף覵ϣӳһʵЩΪԼɽˡ
һȴֵף覴˲ϲʲô
ף覰òȥ˳Լ͵ڱץסһѱ
ף뿪Ժ󣬺ӳͼææȥһ˺۳Ϊȥ³־֪һԺףɵɵ˵ʲôٸϺȡ
³־һ˵۳Ҫ˹ܣ˶ˡԼֵ¸ɻôһʶ¸ɻİ
Ҫ۳ˣԺٷˣǲҪȨ˼
³־߿ɫѿĺӳһۣǵʵŮңǲǿҪûеλˣ
ӳ챾Ϊ³־˴鷳ǰһȻӳе飬ӳ˲
³־һ˵ˣܺԼˣôòĵģ
³־˵ⲻҲǵ𣿡
ӳ˵ҵԼܴãүֻǲ̫ͣ԰۳ףֶѡֻҪ㲻ٸ¾ǰҴæˡ
³־ûȤĵе㲻Ͼǳ˵ֻ̣һҺüӣָĹʳԷء
ôǵֻкӳãǲ˭
Աӳ쵱ѵһ٣³־Ҳֻǵͷ˵֪ˡһú¡
-

151

ӳ˵ף⼸ȥˣʱ۳үӽĲ£һأҹʱ䣬һһۡ
³־Ц£һСѾͷҲʲô顣
ӳ³־̬Ⱥܲ⣬˵Ҹ˵ЩҪץʱѸʰĶʰã۳֪ұˣץʲôãͰˣʱҲ㡣
³־Цڰɣ㲻˵Ҫڱ𣿡
֮䣬һξ롣
ǸףĹȻҪڱ⣬϶ܳؽҲżһۣ
ֻҪף覻ʱӦһ²
ӳҪ³־ʲô鶼ϵӸˣǰһ˵úأת۾Ӧˡ
ΪŹף覵ĵ³־Ҫһֱ̬ȣǿ϶ᱻףơ
ǸŮ˲򵥣Ҫǲ뷹ˣͼǰһɢȥʱɱҲ㡣
³־߿ӳˣ˵Ҿôһ˵ʱҾԲʲôġ
ӳ˵ǧսˡǺһйص飬һֶ͸¶µˣܺˣ˵ȥʲô
ף覾ĺܣץһ˿˵˿Ū
鱩¶ȥõù
³־ظ֤İɣҵ˶Ҵһӵġ
ӳ³־߽飬ֱ뿪˺۳
˳Сʵˣף覲Ĳʲô𣿻У۳ôˣ
ӳ˵ֻҪ³־߶£ףӦòôײ⡣ں۳ҸܲҪ˵ءպĻòͷҪͬʱűǺͽûôס
үǰ۳ףˣףҪǾӪã͵ְүӵˤ˵ϡ
ʱү׷ѿĿɾףˣ͵ſף覵Ц
ףΪõ۳Ӯ
˻۵㣬¶֪Լһ鷳ɣ
ף覺˱ԺȥһףңףԺ˲ʽ̻رǡ
ĵͿҪˣҪȥʣµ顣
¡¡춯ĻϣһŵСף覺һŴӺӳĺͺ۳йصϡ
·Ҳû¿Ҳ˷ʱ䡣
Ϊ۳Ҫܣ˲ԼҲһЩȴԱϿʼ
ףſڴϣһҳһҳط˲Ȳʱڿаڶһ¡
ϵǱǽ۳ӯˣһеͷۡ覻һʱŰһ˸ꡣ
Ժ˲һߣ˸ڴϣ³һ
Աϣʵǲˣ
ף覿˵磬۳⣬
ʵж
ף覴ӴղűԼ˲·˷Լ˵ǰ۳սӳʱ۳ÿµ󣬻ܱǧ߰ٿҡгҲֻ±ȽСĸǴӡ
ף覿һ˲ϵ֣˵ӽǰʼ۳ÿµ룬Ϳʼ¼٣ÿµӯֻʣǧңмҲ̫ˡ
һ߾˵
ף覿˲ϵһ֣ҴԺ۳һֱûкһֱϸ£۳ӯȻ۳͹ȣǧߡ
ӯֱȳӸսӳʱһ밡
⻹ֻǽֹĿǰΪֹļ¼˭֪ȥ۳᲻ԽԽ٣󵹱գ
ѹүүҪӳ췢Ƣ
ԭúõһӣ˺ӳﾹȻӡ
ʵʲô뷨
ף˵۳һ·µҪôгҪô۳ԼľӪʹ⡣гȴǰõĶ࣬۵ӦñǰŶ԰ҾӦǾӪϴ⡣һҾ͸벻ͨˡ
벻ͨ
ף˵Ȼ۳ⶼˣҪǺӳ죬֪۳Ҫ˹ҿ϶˶ɽ˭ԸšǺӳ쵱ȴһҲ۳ҵӡ˵ץ۳ͼʲô
۳ԼϣǲǸԼ鷳
ӳôƣǺοࣿ
飬۰
-

152²

ǰ˾˸߹һ˵ͨʱһûа˽ȫ档ͼȱһ飬ԲŻòԾ
ף覾ú۳飬ͺܲԾ
벻ͨﵽȱһİͼ
ף˵ҼǵǰڽǲģģҲϲϼĺۣȴǰһ룬˵Ϊʲô
ζؿҵô˽⣬ôͲ֪۳飿
֮ǰСѾͷڱǸ˵ҵʱ򣬿һдʵӣָơڲ˽ˣ
ף覵ͷɥ˵ұϾҵˣҵ⣬Ҳֻ֪һ档
棬ͱ˭һӣӴ󲻴˽ÿһҵĳӾľӪôˡ
Ӵ˱˽ԷľӪ
ߣܽӴ˱ҲԼҪ£ÿʱÿ̶עҵһһ
ǸģҲûôľ
ͻƵĵطףֻܸˡ
ЦеģĵĿ磬Ҳıı£ú⣬ΪʲôȲϴǰˣ
Լҵģı£϶Լˡͬ˱ϣܿ仨˵ء
ϵԱϣ˵ȷǿ˵⡣
ףȲʣʲô
ȴָڵ˵Ҳǰ׸ġ
ȻҪթһ㣬ŹκһĲĿܡʲôʱһ˲Ĳˣ·ߵͷˡ
ףһ㶣ôõĹϵ㾹ȻҪô
Ҳ̫Ψͼ˰ɣ
Уа
ֲϰߣѹʱ򣡲ȻԺԼҪôô죿ôô
ЦЦʵǵĹϵжã
ףʱͼ˵ĹϵһԼҪôĻᣬԥ˵ȻǺõң
ôô̧ͷףʵ
ףͷȻУһֱĵģ
˵ͷƺеͬף覵˵ˡ
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ףһ±ƣ
ôҪĲ
̫ᣬ·̫ˣ
վǰˣȵĿ˵˲ˣ㻹ʲôġҡ
ף覲ŵؿôܰôˣåĻ˵ôȻ
Ϊ澭̶꣬ƤҲ
ԲʶŮŽˣåԹϵõҵԼҹܻҡ
˵꣬ǲҪĽԼףǰ˹ȥ
һŸоһůůϢԼȻĶʹա
ͬһʱ䣬
ֻǼ̵һ˲䣬ף覾ͱԼ
㵽׿ʲô⣬ڿԸ˰ɣ
СͷЦ
ΪʲôҪã
ףģ׶ˣھȻˣ
ͷ̧°ͣȥ
׹Ժĺ촽ҧһڡ
Ĵָĺ촽ϲװʱô飬Ҷ׵ôôѵʱ򣬾Ͳôأţ
ֵʱǸϲһ¶һ㡣
飬ôռˡ
ף覵һ죬һƿϵıӣ͸ǹԼͷ˶˱ӵ¡

һ


ף覵Ĵ벻üĿˣ
ӵһŵ˶˶
Σף覴ӱӵһСԴ
ʲôüĿ
һƿϵıӣԼߵλ
ף¡
ʵ۳Ǵʲôʱʼģ
ף˵ǰ֮ǵһֱ·һֱڣûлָ
۳ǰԱȶΪĴԱɺü궼ְҲǴǰʼ۳ԱȺ뿪ˡȻЩԱһԻģЩ˵ְʱ䣬඼֮ڡ㣬Ϊʲô
ף˵ְ¼ǡ˹𣿡
˵ڿֿԺܴ󡣡
-

153

ףһ㶣ЩԱ뿪ֱ˺۳⣿ϵĶµԱ뿪ˣнԱ϶Ҫһʱ֣мҲ۵Ӧˣǳ˱ʲô⣬ú۳ܵӰ졣
ʱص˵Ρ
϶һżȻɺ¼
೧ڻ¾Աʱ򶼻⣬Ҳǳڲ״Ѫԭ
ȴҡͷ˵Ӧò
˼Ƭֻ̣Ա⣬Ӱ⼸¡˶ͺ۳󡣶ǲһ뿪ģӦӰ첻󡣡
۳ڶǻеˣһЩԱӦӰ첻ôһ۳
۳ռؽʮĶЩԱ۳ȾһЩСݡԺġ
ף覺ȻʵأԱ뿪۳⣬۲ʲô⣬Ե˴ǰЩԱ뿪ҲǡΪӰ۳󣬵۳ܵش˶ָ
˵ͷڿҲֻֽҲЩԱ֪һЩʲôԺ۳ǡǶˣԺҲûʳʲô顣
ЩԱǱȰ˵ĻǱ˵ģǱøǿӲֱֶӸߵģ޴ӵ֪ˡ
ףü鲻򵥰ʲô飬Ȼܴúӳô鷳ֶΣȫ
ϵϣҲȫǰЩԱ۳һֱɵ˽졣
ףʵ˭
֪˶Ҳûʲôáͷ˵һ³־ߣǺӳıˣҲǺ۳ĳ϶ѳ㡣һ³־ߵһֵܣΰţǰȽ˺۳Ű˸ġ
ףһ㶣ô֪ӳ³־ߵĹϵ
˵ӳڰ˴Ҷ֪
ӳݵ֣
³־߸ΰŵĹϵô֪ģ
˵дţһģΰŵƼ˾³־ߡԱˣûЩ껹³־ߣһ·˺۳ĸӦþһġ
˻ᱻӳǡ
ʵǰЩԱһʣܲ۳ĳ𣿡
˵ͷкܶ˶ͷϣȥĵطı·ʱ䣬ЩԱڲдԭסĵط˵Ҫҵʳ飬͸ˡô˷ʱ䡣Ժ˵ѾȥĸˡֱӴ۳Ŀ졣
ף覱бǵҪܣרŷֳĸµľȥôһ飿
ףüǲʲôҲ鲻ˡ
δء
˻ϣֻҪͻ˿
ӳɾҲܻš
˵˱ҿ
ڱûüĿʱ򣬲ȿ˱˱Ҵ𰸡
ףʵҪһ˻ǣ
˵ϸˣ۳⿪ʼµǼµļ¼
Ǵʣ¼ĶĴʵ֧롣Ͽֱ۵Ŀ۳ǿ
ϸˣϸÿһĿ֧
۳ĴӶԼˡ
ף覴ӴͷҪһ˲ݵ
һָ˲ϵļ¼ף˵㿴ļ¼ʲôˣ
ף覶Աһǰµļ¼˵ˡ
ҡͷԣˡ
ôһ㲦ף覿˲Ȼ
¼¼Ҫԭϵ֧Ա֧ϸ¶ǲģµӯȴ˺ܶࡣ
ˣûȥȻˡ
ʵ֮ǰļһֱĺܺãǴ¿ʼ۳ͻȻдˣΪʲô
гƷԷΪƽ
ȻǮˣζЦƽһ㣬ôҲ׬˴Ǯ󲿷ֶǿġ
ͳǴҪԼȥҡ
һֱΪ覺ܴһ·ף覶˼ֱӸ𰸡ԺƵ飬ܹԼˡ
ף˵ȥ޷ǾһǴϵⲻҵͷûǮʲôáǺ۳Ӧò
ԽԽǮˣӦòͻȻۡ
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154³˿뿴

˵ͷʾͬĿ
ף覼˵ڶͬоȡжֹѹԼļ۸ΪѺ۳úⲻǰ
˼Ƭ̣ǰǽ۳ѽ˭ΪѵӦҲԭ򡣡
ӳд˵̼ҵľϵҲµ飬ͺ۳ôϱ߶
ЦЦ
ףҹȻŮ̵ĺܴԽԽϲˡ
ף覼˵۵ˣϴҵҪԴҲ
ף룬ԼһηԼ͸ˣ˰棬ʲôʱ򶼲ܲҪġ
۵ӦûСء
ǿһ㣬Ҳڽһ۳ˡ
˾Ҳ뿪һ۳Ǻǵ۵Ѿܶˣ˾˾ͶǮȥҲһж󣬾ͷ뷨
üǺ۵Ϊʲôģ
ԭһ飬ɾûһϺԭЩͷۡ
еġ˵Աȡ
ʵ벻ˣ˵Լ뷨
ҪĶ£ԭ޷Ǿֻ֡˵һͬĶļ۸󡣵ڶͬļ۸Ķ˵۸ȲϱˣǾ͸˵ˡ
ЦеĿ𣿡
˾Ҳڽ۳ϵļ۸һֱǺȶģûֹʲôĸǰǸ۸ĶӦҲöԲǼ۸⣬⣡
ףһ۳⣬ӳ鱻֪԰ǰԱڶʱȫˣΪ˶סЩ˵졣
͵ܴ
ף覶֮
ͷ˵ʲôѽⶼһһҵġ
ѭѭգòĴ𰸡
ȴ˵㲻Ҿ㵽ˣҲֻһãĿң֪˵ʲô
ղŶķ߼ͱѾǺܶ˶Ȳϵˡ
ΪһŮӣܶһȥȥᣬԼļʶʶ͸ˡ
ף観Ժ۳꾭ӪǰܴҲйءĿڱˣͺӮˡ
֪۳ֹ⣬ͺ˻ټۡû˾̣۳ܺòŹ֡
õһֵɽغ۳Ŀڱ۳㵽Ҳɫ
ѹֺӳ쵱ʱ˵۳ûô
Ҳѹֺӳ쵱ԸԼɽͷҲִⲻϰѺ۳Ҫ۳ﵽ׳ʲô⣬ӳɾͲðˡ
ף෢۵̫ѨǶ⣬Żۺ֮ã
ǰվۺ۳꣬µʱɵĲֻ⣬Ŀϵ⡣
صһؿǾԲɱġ
ȻʱôأǵʱһҲһʾ޶ŶԣԺ󣬿Щĸ֧Ĳӳûй޶ıˡ
ڷŲ˼š
ںǣӳ쵽ʲôǮʿġ
ԺӳΪԲԼǮ
벹ǮҲһϡ
ҲûŲҵǮʲôǮܲ˷ֵģ
ʱף˵ҿ֪ôոˡ
￴ˣ
ף覾˱˵֮ǰӳҪµ˱
˹ȥ
ףָ˲ϵĿ˵ϸµĿԭ֧֧ıԼܷ۳
ףָ̧Աߵһ˵㿴ЩԺõʵ룬ܵ͡ҪǣЩ۵Ŀʾϸۻʣºܶû꣡
Ȼףȡ˲˲ϣָƵĵطٿ
ףһ߷˲һ˵ЩҲǿѹۡ˺;ѹۣĲͬǾۣ󶼻ɣܳùɴʧˣҲͻᱻֱӹɱ
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155±Ҳ

ף˵Ȼ۳ǰѾˣӳӦõԭϺͶ룬Ŷԡô֪£ôۣⲻǰװ˷ԭϺ𣿡
ӳⲻôһֱôģͱ潨ҵѵˡ
潨ҵҵô⽻
˵ǣвòôɡ
ͶĹԭϺͼӹѣġۡȻɰٵ۾ͲˣǮҲûˡ
ЩǮȫڳɱϣҴҲʲôۼ
ļ۸񲻱䣬ɱȵӣҲֱӵļ١֮ǰ۳ֵӰ죬ټεĳɱˣ۳һ
˵ӳɱֵȷһ˶Ŀİ취
ף˵˱Ŀ٣۳ǿ˶һ⣬Щֵȫòһȷ֣Ҳһš
ĿСҪŪˣǾ͵ץס˺ӳһѱ
ôӳ춼潨ҵĵҲ̫ˡ
˵ŪһţϢɡȥǻһʱءˣ˱ɡ
ף覿˲һʱʵĿʵǰϢ
˱ɲž޴ǬһСľ˴
̣ף覺Ȼץס˵
ʵôˣ
Աûǹ̿ɲûԱܱԺ͵ĵطȥı·ˣҲҲˡǹ̲һһ·ˣǺü궼ỻСҵǰ۳۵Ḷ́˵ʳǰ顣
ͷǸð취µʱ򣬺ӳܹѹ飬ζЩ̴󲿷ֶͨˡҵ̣Ҳһܹʳ⡣
ףЦЦܹͨڣһܹͨڡ
Щ̵һʵģ
˵һһţҾԲ©Ǽ¶ǣźֵܣʲô˵ˡ
׻һǧƪһɵģҸ˵¶ǧܸ߱ˡ
ֻҪҵǰ۳۵Ḷ֪́۳۵׳ʲô⡣
Ǻӳİѱñģ
𳵵ﱱѾ賿ˣҶۺģҲûٰʲô
ף覻صǾ͵ͷ˯Ϣһϡ
緹һˣ˵Ҫһˡ
ʵŻرǣҪȥģ
ףʵǸʲôˣҲİĵͿҪҵˣҪȥһкüûˣһҲء
еԴף૵һأôҲʱߡ
ףվؿЦʱ仹డ
ֱ׳˵ţһӶࡣ
ջҪߣоԼԽԽܳˡǶôҵһ顣
ףЦһӲĻǾ±Ҳ㿩
úܿģڰֶ˵ˣȥæ°ɡҲе飬ܻҪȻˣԷͲõˡ
ף˵֪ˡ
ף뿪췼Էֱȥ
ټһڽȴʲôˡ
ףվǰ棬һĨ΢Ц
ﶼһһŷݣףߵһ䷿ǰţһһ˾ʹ˷š
覣˵˵
ףʵ֮ǰʰĶôˣ
˵˼ס¥ϡ
ףʵסĻϰ𣿡
أء
һƬ½ɵķӣסĿˡô꣬ûסôõķӡ
ף߽˷һȦĺúõӣЦЦ
ԺԺҪ㻹ģǸɴ࿪һҺʹһķݶ㡣
һ㶣ʲôԺҵˣѵһ棬Ȼһٿһҷ𣿡
ԽԽˡ
ļ򵥣ף˵֮ǰС⻹Ǯ飬㻹ǵ𣿡
ͷǵѽ
ףɾ˵뷨ܺãǸ˴򹤣һӷ˼ҵġҪǮ͵ҪԼϰ塣
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156

ͷʧ䣺覣˵ģϰҲҪǮԼĵġ
һûǮû꣬ôϰ尡
ףЦҲǸһҪӻҪʲôĶһӦȫϸҷĹʣ20Ǯʼ⡣
ʮͰ͵ģСǮ𣿡
ȻĲš
ףЦԼ𣿡
˵ͷ
ףʵҸҾ˾ѧ˼ĵʲôʵʾ鶼ûе£֪ĵһʱǶǮ𣿡
˵ļôãǸǮӦòٰɣҲٵٿɡ
ûСףЦֻ15ǮʱʲôҲûУֻһסĵط
˼ʵ15Ǯһʲôѽ
ףüһ˶ڽͷµİӺͶ
ɴ˫ۡô벻ף覾Ȼ⡣
ף˵дǮȷ׬ĸ࣬ζֻдǮܷҡҵһ棬Ҳ࣬Լɲ𣿡
ֻҪģʲôⶼܳɡ
µľЩлᣬȴηηŬȡˡ˾ǸٶıǮҲɲ˴ˡ
ǰûѧ⣬£Ҳ𣬵ԺҾͰҵĹأʼÿ⡣ܲڱȥûõģÿԼ
µʱԼǵġտʼ⣬ѹܴ󣬾ͲܺúþӪ
µʱ䣬׻᲻⣬ҲѾܹüĿˡ
⣬Ժͻʽ⡣һΪˣԶṩһѵ档
һҲΪʵļǱܣһʿʱͻŬ⡣
һڿˮԼϰ壿
ĻһӶδϵڶΡ
۾գգ
˵ĶԣĻһĲһϵڶΡ
Ĵҵͷϣȴһʵ
ʵ覣׷ǹʵģʶʱҲΪʲôôѽ
ף˵ڴʱûѡ񷽹ѡңһҺ͡ҸһӵĻᡣ
ÿ˶ҪΪѡֻе֪ʲôʱ𣬶еһҲ֪
ѡĽ
ףڻǿյĴֿһۣ˵ԺΪֵĵطһɱؽֺ߷ĵضΣҵܿĺãұ֮ڱǷҡ
ƻϣȨѡ߲
ԥһ¶˵
õˣԶҲˡᣬһӶûа취֮ǰʵˡ
ףЦЦϲ϶һԺ쳣ƶ̬ȡ
覣ңʲôѽ
ף˵һ棬бĵꡣԺŵ꿪ӭͣʱųܴ㻹ʱȥ׼ʲôҪĵãøԺӭ͵ʱͬʱš
ף覽Щ¾ȥһбҪæ㡣ͺúÿǿҪʲôɡ
ףߵſڣȻ׷ȥʵ覣ڽͷӺͶôˣ
ĿƺĽԼĽһ
観ɹˣôԼǲҲһϣ
覻ͷЦЦµʱ120顣120˸棬﹤һʡҲǿǮ⣬һġ
ɵҲһٶ
ЩѧһµĹҲֻʮ飬覿Ҳ120ʲôӣɵɣ
ȻģҲ̫ˡ
ף覵ͷ˵Ȼܣһ50ʮǮٶӡһǮҾܴһ֡һ20ëһʮӣ200Ǯ120ʲôֵ𣿡
ŵ˵㲻ǲſʼһʮ𣿡
˵ûʲôëóȥɾ¶ˡ
ףȴŵĵ˵ͷܰʱҵİÿ춼ÿ춼Ҫ⡣
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157²Ƽļ

ʵΪʲôİرóһ㣬Ǳˣ
ףҡͷ˵ǡҵİζҲͨļ۸ҲͱһǮһҺͱȣӮӮʮ϶һһëǮӲҡ
һ㶣ⲻǹĳԷ𣿡
ң˭Ե˭и
ף˵ǹĳԷѽǾϲʲôʱ򶼲Ӷ࣬𣿡
˳ԵëǮˣͻоɱľϲ˷顣ȻİӵͻὥҲԼƵġ
ԺûãҾͶİˡ
Ǯӳԣﲻпܻнİأ˭ҪǳǸëǮİӣ͵ڻǮ׬ëǮϵڱûʲô
־ϲ̼ǲϵģҵҪ־ϲҲʣͷ׷İˡ
̰ͼС˱ȱȽǣ׳һԺȺͻһȺιᣬİĸá
˵ÿëǮҲһʲСǮѽѵÿϧ𣿡
ףЦ˵һÿëǮңëǮŽ˰ͿҵİӣôҲֵˡ
ҪʱСڶʱԼʱķ
ͷǻᣬǮİ취Ϳܲõ취ץסЩᡣӺʹˣôȱӡ
ף覶˵ҵܹ15ǮңҲԡ
ŵģֻǿѣʵضǻƽֻҪ취¸
ĵһֱĸо
ָо˵ʲôֻȻԼͷ
վԭض覾һ覣лл㣬лл㡣
ף観΢΢һЦ뿪ȥҲƼˡ
ףڹرСζ֮ǰ͸߹ƼԼҲʱŲƼȥˡ
ֻҪǸģԸµˣ᲻ܡڰŲƼȥ֮ǰҪȥƼ
ףһ·֣۵С˺һʱ䣬ҵƼļң114š
ͰЩӱƫƧǰխĹǰ¥ס˹⣬ԵЩ
һ÷紵ĺܡ
ͷһЩӵߵ⣬ȴðˡ
ǰԶĵطһˮóˮ˵زͣطɡٿϵľͷеˡ
ף覿ǰľһĬסƼļͥĲ̫ð
114ƵһƾɵСӣûġŵͰСף覽ȥ֮ǰҪȵͷ
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ﴫƼ˭ѽһ£
һƼ򿪷ţͷ˳ȵ죬ոɹʲôۻͷϻðһ㺹
ǰף覣Ƽһ
ϰ壬ô
ֽһʱ֮䶼֪ˣƺΪϰǰչֳԼȵһеЩִٲ
ϰʲô˰ôСأ
ף˵µĹܸ㣬˵͹˵һ˳㿴
֣Ƽ˫۶
ڵȷǼһݹ
ҪǮ
ոմСζ뿪ʱĵ׻㷲Լֶ˹û뵽Լܹˡ
ƼĵһʱжĲ֪˵Щʲôá
Ǵûôõϰ塣
ƼԭһŻعæ˵ϰȿԱ߾ǳˮӶ࣬ٶ㡣
覽ţȥԺխĿ
һΣ⣬Ա߽ŵľ̨ǿռ̫Сһˡ
ڿڵӣ覹ĿռӦҲܴ
ƼϾɵĳóһƵĲ豭ˮͷ³ϴ飬һ覶˹ȥ
վף覵ǰǸ˵˼ϰ壬ղŷҶΣͷһӦһʼͳȥġ
ףʵӣҿԼ𣿡
Ƽͷ˵ϰһ£ȥ
еһӣƿţ˽ȥ
͸ŷ죬ף覿Կźһϡ
ֱ߾Ա߸ŵľǴŽܵİ裬֤覸ղŵĲ벻١
ƼߵǸߣŵǸԸԸ
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158»У

ȻƼѾѹĺСˣЩûӹ覵Ķ䡣
ʵڲ覰͵ʲô̫Сˣֲ֮Ŀ
Ǹϵ˵˵ͷƼ˳
ϵ˿ҲͶʮ꣬覴󲻵ĶȥԼĸ׿˵ϰǿԼ׵һŮʱ΢΢һ
覿ϵˣᣬüĿҲ㡣һͷϴһɵİɫ£ƤҲһ˰һЩϻһ۾秵ġ
Ƽ˵Ҷӣ׻ԡ
ף覶ϵİ׻һֻϸ֡
ãף覡
׻ԿԼ֣һ㶣Ȼ֣á
չֺף˵̰˵ǴѧҸбҵԺûжˣѧʲôģ
׻˵ֲѧ
ף˵ӡ
ûӴרҵԼδ֪ĶǻһĪͺ档
׻ԿЩɵʵϰ壿
ףЦѵҿ𣿡
ֻǿ᲻¶ɾء
ףϵĲһڡ
ĶһֱһĵĲƼ¶һЦݡ
Ĳ豭õʵ̫ˣҶҲǺõģԭϰء
׻˵ʵǲ̫ˡ
ҽʮšף˵
ʮţ׻Գһף覻ҪأΪףֻۣû뵽С
׻̲סʵȻôľ͵ϰ壬ӦûɣΪʲôˣǳɼǡ
ף覶ݵĳĬһͷĲ豭˼
׻ԽǸҾЩ档
ͷܶ˲࣬ܶҪѧûء
Ҳ˰뱲ӲŰͽѧġǴôˣֻһ˴ѧ
ΪҵԺܹúТ裬û뵽ûȱҵڸʦɽʱˤˡȳ˰׸
ף覼Ȼϰ壬ӦоǮɡ
ΪʲôҪǸأѵǾöû
׻ԵðһѶѵ⣬ֻܹ𰸡
ףЦ˵ѧʱɼʵҲܺá߿Ժ󣬴ѧ¼ȡ֪ͨҲյˡԭӦȥʦѧġ⹫Ҳϣô
ףҼǰңףڴ֡
׻¶Ľ૵ǵطð
ѧУҲãʦѧҵԺ󣬾ͿֱӦƸʦˡ
밡˶鶼ŵʦء
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ѵΪϰ׬Ǯࣿ
׻ʵ㵽ΪʲôԭĴģ
ףһȦһȦת﷢ƵĲǹ˸һ˲Ǽġ
һҪҪػԼһͬʱػ㲻ȥϴѧҲһѧ֪ܶʶȥ˱ҿ¾Ͳػ˰ɡ
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ȥζѧϰȥȴζҪʱ䡣
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ף룬ݵһƺǿʢЩͰˡܴʱϽʱҲһ£ǶҺģǰûзƢУҡ
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ף覸ɴ˵δ򡣡
ƼһЩ죬Ͼһˣôֱ׵ｲЩЩϰߡ
׻ʵ֪ΪЩ𣿡
ף̧ͷЦ֪ЩΪػûҪ֪ΪػңҲһһЩҲ֪һ
ûҪ֪Էÿһ飬Ƕ֪ԷԼĺá
ϲһˣҪһ˺ãαȥʲôͻر
ĹϵǲںԼΪԷ˶٣Ҳ߶ԷԼʲôֻҪԷǺõģ͹ˡ
˹Ȼ棬ů˴˵ģȴǽŵİ
ղŸ˵ô࣬¡ҽ̰ܹ̽ġף覷ˮ˵
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ף˵¥
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159²ܱģ

ƼȵʵǲǳĴ󷹵𣿡
ף˵ǰ˭˵㲻ȥĴ󷹵깤𣿡
ƼЩĵ˵ֻһũ˰
˵Щ˽ȥһٷܳԵʮ顣ǿһµĹʰֵطѡ˵ҪҲ򵥰ɣ
ף˵Ҵȥܡ
Ƽ˫һǺܿЩĵʵ᲻̫鷳ˣҪҹңҪΪѡ
覵˼ҲףҪйϵ
֮ǰķȻҲķݱϾǿڴֲֵ̫ĵطʹ¥Ǻܲһġ
ǵطʿ϶Ҳ覵ϵ¥ĺõط
ף˵ˣһܰ쵽ģΪѡҽʱģ֪ûʱһȥһ˴¥
Ƽͷ˰׻һۣеĲ¡
ƽʱΪİ׻ԣܻһǽ캢ҲóȥҹˣҪ뿪ңֻʣ׻һˡ
׻ȴ˵裬ȥɣڼҲµġ
ΪȣѾ˲Ǯˡ׻֪ȱǮףԸΪܹǺ¡
Ƽ˵Ҿ͸観ȥһˣʲôԼæ㡣
׻Եͷף覴վȥ
뿪ǰһխƵСӣȻŲƼ߳ӡ
ҲסСܼªĵط
ʱÿԵĶ̲ˡ
ÿζҪ๤һ죬ܻССƱͲƱ
Ǽª£ҲûĹֽʣдֵǮ
һµĲƱҲǻȥòոµСȹӡԼȴ궼ͬһ·
ʱӳĲЩԱЩھӶ۸ͲڶĳЦ
˵ûõŮˣ˵ûаְҪҰӡ
ŴǱĬӰ죬һֱô˵׵ĺҲ͸Ŵ˿ʼ
ʱСǲĺӣǻǴһܣһһĻؼҡ
ʱ̵ģһŻؼңЩΪʲôҪôǣǲʲôԵʱᣬǡ
˵Щˣֻǿ˺ǲһѡ
ǰͲϵ˶һӣԸŮ˶һĸֲ⣬ҲϣһŮ˸ҷĻ
ΪζǼǸֵõһжǴģζǰ뱲ӵ̣ûˡ
ͬʱʹţǵųܡ
費ԼѡǴģҲΪһ뿪̼õѡ
軹ˣһܱЩھӵģһ˲ܻôխ
ҪñЩ˸ãڱҪʱְܹһ侮ʯЦˡ
һʼЩЩһֱ˺ܶꡣƼھҪæˣϣˡ
ڴϣף覿ĲƼʵ̰̣ȣ˶Ǯˣ
Ƽʹͷ˵ǰǰѾǧˡ
ǧ࣬˵ȷܶࡣ
ҲԼ⣬Ϊǧ鷢
ǶڲƼͥ˵ǧȴǺü궼ĴǮˣһҽƷѣ˵ʵһСĸ
Ǯҽ𣿡ףʵ
ʶǶ˲١ôûˡԺֻҪ취ŬǮծ͹ˡ
ʵƼһܱҲססһȽֵĵطⷿ׻ˤˣҪβòǮͰѷӸˣ˰ֵط
ףʵѵʱôģ
ƼЦЦѲѵģȹ¡Ժͺˡ
ϣˣﻹϣҲΪϣһֱŬͼš
ף˵˵ĶԣѲѣȹš
˴¥ǰڲǷ㣬¥ǰ˲࣬Ƽŵվ´Ǹӵ£Եе㽹겻
̰̣һ
ף覽ֱ߽¥һ·¥ȥ
ߵ¥ʱ˴¥ľںһԱ̸ףվԱһָź年˹
߱Ķ˹ȥ˵ͷ
ͺ˵Աһ㶣ʶҪŤͷȥں˭ͷͱס
ĶأҸղ˵ģȥûʲôˣȥæɡ
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160

ף観ʱת¥
Աŵȥ˺
һ¥İ칫ű˴򿪣˽ȥ
ղ¥ףȼڰ칫ǰžרõϡ
ת˰칫ҵţ˲㴳
Ȼضף覾һС㡣
šףӦһַ˷ոմӳ˱ʵ¥ô
˵ǰһ֣һжá
ףʵ֮ǰأ
ǰһ˵ţյ¥ԹڵǴϯ棬Լֵܾĳ¾ֳ
ҳ¾ֳףЦЦΪǿذɡ
ؾֵľֳгܵ䣬һ¿ĵصĵؼۣ˺ͱ֮ڱǵȨС
ҪõصĵطҪҳܵ䡣ҲΪʲôҶŶҳܵԷԭ
ܵҲǲãǴӱĵطιġף覲ܴӳܵǩء
ǰһεؾֳ̼ҵĹϵֳܲûˣôòĵصġ
ǳܵͲһˣǲ꣬ĸ˵ĹϵرҪá
£Ҫص˾͵øƾˡ
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֮ǰϵǿڱˣȥҳ¾ֳԷȻ顣
ף覲ųָʹĿԡ
һ̼ҵϯϣڴһҲһΪһʡ
ͬѾֵֽдˣǿھˣҳ¾ֳҲûá
Ҵ󷽷ظ̼ϾҪҵˣͲ̼ҵЩ֡ҪʹҲлᡣ
ңţ¾ֳһΪʲôѵԼĵ濪ҵһ죬һ̼Ҵһ
һҪսϲӭС
ף覶Ժʵ˳¾ֳ⣬бʲô𣿡
ͷ˵Уһˣ̶ֺ̰µʱ˲ٵزµˣһֱںҽӴҪͨңСϢ
֪ף˵
һ㶣ʵС֪ҸôӦ
ף覰ϵ˱һϣαһ̧ͷ컨塣
һ˵ҲҪôӦŲ
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ǸزȻǸ۲۵봽УСҲûҪ˰ɡ
ǸΪСҲ飬СҲһа취Ըģ˵СҲµ˰
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ף覿˺һۣˡȷʵ
壺
ǵĿս봽УȻСˣ
ʲôţ
ף覿ʵ㻹ʲô뷨
ҡͷû뷨
СˣһҲǸ򵥵Ľɫ
С㣬ȻˣΪʲôҪڱôЩ飿
ף覲˲ͷұҲֻԼҪǷչѡԼʱûء
ף観̾һ˭֪ҲܵˣΪ˰ҶԸ̼ңȻʼǵⳡǮ
ȻͽǮͬʱҪҵǵⳡصһŮˡҲ
ʱʵǺԼݵģҲһʵ˵Щʱ
֮үүĴ٣Ҫؽһѵ鰲ҲԽԽá
ѾӦүүԺ󣬻Ǿ͸Լ顣
鶼ѾѵǰˣȻǲˡ
ĵЩС־ɧΪԼЩ
ô˵ǸڱôǮȫΪС㣿
ף覵˵ͷǰɡ
һĬȻϣϴеģֻһС
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Ȼλеƣ˼ô˼
Ѿף覺ܾˣҲ뾡̹ס
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ȻԸԼñѵһ١
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161ֱӿ

ף覵ȻҲ֪ĺãʱ򣬶֣Ľ϶ٲ˵ġ
ףʵһֱͦŷ쭣ɨе
ȻףĻΪڱãʲô϶
˵ǶôҪ˰졣
ףʵһ˶ٷʱߵļû㣬ô¥Ա˵˺е⣬Ա˵𣿡
˵Ѿ֪ˣҲˣȷе⡣һȥƽдľԣڸǲһҾ̹ġǼҾ̵ĺͬѾǩˡ
ף룬ʵ֮ǰ˭̸ģ
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ף˵Ҽǵһʱˡ
˵ԣ£ˡ
ף򴽣һֳֻ°ͣһֻš
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һϵı飬¼򵥣ǹʣС٣
ףҡҡͷڿڿ죬̫ʵʰͨԱˣ֪ԼĹʱȱ˸ߣоԼرչˣͲУҪ֪ҵݡ
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ƼԥǾɣҲ¡
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ͷЩɥʲô¾ֳϣƶƿˣǲϸҵΪʲôѵת覡
һ㶣ɸֵ˵СѾͷƬͿҵˣôѵشߵĲ֪
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162±ǵ

̼֮ǰڱһֱܳԵÿʶĵٵҲ١Щʶڣ̼Ҳʲôһ㡣
ԭûʳʵָ
ˣǸСѾͷƬӻûǰͿʼĴˣȻһСѾͷȲ
˵ȥöˣѹ̼ҵ⣬һֱ
ԽԽߣԽԽĲʺá
˵ŭæ˵¾ֳǲã֮ǰľֳ˵̼ǰ桭
һϴûв˵ˣֻв˵˲֪ô˵ûֲ˵ĻģŻöԷ˵
˵ˣԼûб¡ףǸСѾͷܴǿѾ̸õĵأ
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˶٣ʵԭ򲻸㣬Ǳǻ˭ĵأܴӳܵʳ˰ɣ
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ôͳ¾ֳһٷʲô鶼û
ٷǳԵȥ
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һ㶣Լȥܵʲô˼
Ȼ֪ǿ覹ߵģǳܵӦҲ֪ǲưոݡ
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ûģһˣĥĥʲôʲôƨͿţ
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163ȫµľӪģʽ

Ȼף˵Ǿɱֵĵطʱף覵ĻڿŽˣȻһжڱʵ
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ֵǣƺף˵ڴǺڱף覸ȾţȼԼ顣
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164ս

ĳЩ̻Ƕġ
Щ̻һɶӪԼҪرĳʳЩС̻Լ뷨ЩӳÿС̻ԣÿ̻ӵԼص㡣
Ƕÿһʳ˽⣬äĿ֣ǲõġ
ǴһЩ̻ͳһġЩ̻һЩɣǾԵɡ
Ϊÿ̻֮ǰǩͳһĺͬպͬϵĹأӵÿ̻֮ӯİٷ֮ʮ
ٷ֮ʮӯէһҲܸߣС̻ǿȴֺǺǵԸ⽻ȥǮ
ΪΪĹˣף覻һ̻ӦеԼһס
һЩ⻧Ǿ͵ǰٷ֮ʮӯһϷ棬Լһõĳݣ覵ı
νıָǲܴǰڽͷǻһЩƦåĶ⹥
һ飬ף覾ͻһʱԳ̬񻯡
ףۿɵģʱҲǿһƬݵĽǱͳһɵĿõģŻǿƵءΪ֪Ǻ̻ǵһط
̻֮ǰѾ׼̻ǼҪĶκ͹̨ʾԼĺø⡣
ǵС̻ǿԼֱڱǹЩ˴š
˵ɣǾֻҪЩС̻Ҳᾡܵģ̻ı֧֡
ǾṩӾӪҪļ۸гΪʳԭϡֻҪҪᾡ졣
ȻṩԭһԸ
˭ҵӣԼҪ޷ͳһɹĶҲԶڲɹ֮⡣
֮⣬˵ĪڣЩһϷҵĳصı
ЩС̻ҲͲǰһڽͷһСƳڴߺȣ˻ҪǿһЦݡ
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ܹԼƷǲһ̣Ҫÿ²ʱʳƷ飬ԼĿѯ
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ͬʱҲΪ˸ЩǶ̻ǣиϷľӪ
ǴǷäΪͷˣҪһĹ涨ԼΪ̫ҪΪʲȫ⡣
һ⣬һģڷֵڶΣôȨֹͬҪ̻ṩ档
˶֪ȻƽʱЦڹϣǾԲģúݵĵʱͺݣ±ڻβҲϧ
ڵڶĿѯ򴿴Ϊ˷ֹһЩΪ뽻ǰٷ֮ʮӯˡ˵һֶΡ
޼鲻̣ȻºͲĶʹˣϾǲѡǻˡĸдԼϵġ
ЩС̻ǣΪԼ˰ٷ֮ʮӯҲ˵Ϊһ˶ģҲΪԼ
ֻҪúþӪԼ棬ԼҲһȲƵ롣˵ǻݻ
ľӪģʽ˽Ӫҵرģ˵ͬʱ漰С̻һ͵ģĺӪģʽ֮ǰû˳Թġ
ζһȫµսҲζĪĻ
һɹ覽һȫµģûԹҵģ顣
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Ҳǹȥ֮ǰĵ־ԲѹũΪ෴Ǻܴıͱ
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һζͬʱҪĿЩڱˡһ޴ģһԳܵĹȻҪһ֡
һλؽʱѾ⹫ףһ˴ţЩ̻춼ѾˣǸ˽Ҳᵽ
һף覾ʡ١
Ҫ͵ʵ̫ˣҲûҪھ͸ôӵľӪʽ˵ˣҲһ
ûиֻͣǼ򵥵һҶȴģɵġݻ
֪ǣôĶֻǲͻȻðô̻ҪôţӸղһֱһŵĲ²⡣
˵Ҹղ˵ЩӣǵģЩ棬Ҳǡģ
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165

ף覵ͷ԰ҵġЩС̻࣬ԭҲǶãǱҴġĿǰǸչһ㡣
ֻҪһԼѧ͹ˣҪЩһμϽٷ֮ʮ
ΪЩС̻ѾѧӪˣûѧᡣ
ףҲĳϣƫ̻
㵵ؿһĭ
һп覶ԼչˣǱģһ־ȲѣôˣжŹǷⰡ
ʵҲһеǮĴУ
һʼڴ￪СݣҲֻģ
һƵؾ˵ָһ棬ʱЩ˼飬ڿ˼Ļеء
ʵ覣ж氡
ף覿ʵʲôҪ⼸⣿Ҫҵǻ档
ЩګګشҾе档
ڻʵǸصĴе֤û߳ʵҲһָп
ף覲ûԼʲ˼ҲܿͲˡ
סļ˵վ𶯡
վá
ףָ֣ߣͷ
ף覵ָʾ£Ƶ˽ֿڡ
Ȼףָ֣ұߣٴβ
βһۣȷûһָʾˣջߣվԼǰף覣ʵȻأ
ף˵Ŀ֮ܿķ棬ҵġ

һŷӦ˵Ҫ꣬ԭǣһҵ꣬һ֣
ǶһƬذ
ף覵˰ɣ
ղôˣ覵濪˵ҵǾôɵˡǲģ
һְ붼飬覾ȻѾôˡ
ףգգ۾˵ҴҲû˵ֻǿһҵ갡
ûô˵ɣѵҲΪֻ뿪һҵꣿ
ǿɾ̫С˰Ϊ⹫;˾һִףҵĹ£ôֻСأ
ȻҪ̼ҶŸɣǵȻҪֱһָɡ
һҵʲôֵýģ̼Ҫֵǻ׾١ܸ̼Ļᡣɴһ֣̼Ҿûô׷ķչˡ
ǡһᱻ۶ϣʮαšĵȷʵ¹á
ףĴ㶵ļ
㣬Ҫʲô⣬ҲԼɡûʱˡһǾ仰ܺʹͬʱҵҲͬӯҲֱ۵ؿͱȲ
ɨһۣ˵֮ǰҲǽͷһЩСûʲôرģ㲻̫ѹ
ף覸պ˵Щһ覣
ף覻ͷһһСӴȺ泯˹
ŽϳİͷҲʮ꣬ȴһĶ
Ľһ֪ϱŵһ˱
ף覼ˣ˵һ£˵ˣȥԼɡ
ôǣת뿪ˡ
ףһЦسǸ˹ȥأˡ
ˣ֮ǰһֱڵȲɻȱİ֡
ԭףµˣصĸ֮ǰҲһֱǸףġ
ΪؼܹףĶݣԭĴ㣬Ҳӳиҵףƹ⡣
Ǽǰףϼʼѧϰ⣬ףˣлܹ˵һȥŰ͵ףߣͬʱҲϣܹչ˺ף覡
˴յһ飬Ҳ˽ʲôСģغҲһֱŶԷ֡
رô꣬ףкܶ˵ĶǸѧġҲһֱڰչˡ
ָصչ˵ĸо͸չ˵ĸоף˵ǽȻͬġ
ô˵أ˺ܺã˵΢֮䣬Ǹһֺ֮ûеĶǾ롣
ٺãҲʼոž롣
һʲôʱ޼ɵܵȥǵĲ䱧͸пһ
ף˵һ޶һڡ
贱ϵ˱һֲ˲ͷĺˮ˵ˣ֮ǰҪĶҶˡ
ףЦˣ֮ھ͸ÿ̶ǼǺãԺǵÿ¶һܡ
-

166ô

Լĺ󾱣ƺΪӽ˺üСʱĻ𳵸ϹЩۡ
˵˵Сһ׮ͷİɡ
ǵһף覵һšܶĿֻҪһۣܺ͡
һԹô̲ףˣһǳ鷳顣عæͼ򵥶ˣףĵ֡
ף˵һ̲٣Ժеæ
˵еæźأҴڽˡ
ҲΪ̫УһëֻҪһ첻ͻܡ
һҪһ˱ŵǰð⡣
һף覽æ˵Ҫ˻ͦ࣬ĵײ֪ˡһʱ䲻ЩСӡ
һαףףߵʱصҲŶʮꡣǸʱͲŶ󰡣СѾͷһ
ԭΪףչСѾͷҪĥĥԸ񣬲˵Сô
ǵףСӵʱȴĹԡ
ʱظףˣǹԵף֣Ҳ˵ģͬСһҲһÿζúܰ档
ÿνԺֻҪز˵Լһطһ쿴˱ˣԵԼࡣ
Լͬʱе
ףǿ˱ɵˡ
ѧ֮󲻼ãף覾ͽӹףĵһ⡣ھ̷չֳ֣Ҳشһ
̶£СӻаٳȻףһѾת˵ĵĳӸȻˡ
ǸʱͷСӲ򵥣ҲʱСӲˡ
֮ѧˣѧĺܿ졣ҲһЩ֢ڵ⡣
Ȼദв֣֮ǰֳġʵ˼ʱŻֳһ״̬
֮ǰͻȻ˱ǣһ
ף˵רһӣסԺ칫Ҳȥ
ף覴صסķӣ򵥿ԺȷûʲôҪˣְһЩؽҪ顣
̻ԼҪæ飬ף覵ȻҲУȻҲһ
ǵף覵İԺضˡ
ף覵˼ǣڽƯƯֻһȻȺ쿪ҵ
ֻһɰˡ
һ˫۾ף˵֮ǰȫûκε֮ǰҲû֪̺ŵꣿ
ף覵ͷǰ֮ǰŵģͨ˽
ʵѿҵʱ䶨Ժģѵָ죿ܲǮҲȫԵ
⣬ԭҲô
覸ףôõ⣬᲻֪Ҫĵɣ
Щ̻ʱ۹ģͶ̶ʱ䣬ҪôһطԱҪ飬ôļ
Ĳ˵㵥Ҳûʮ²ܰŪ죬죬ܸɵʲô
ѵ׼һƹˤ
Ҳʶ覵·񰡡
ʶ覣Ǿ㵽һ̣Ҳˡ
ǡ
ѵ覾ԼСɣԾڱƮˣ
覿ɲƮһƮĸˣˤҡ
ף˵֪ڵʲô飬
˵᲻еŹͷˣ
ŵزٵĶλǺӯġ
һôһأûĻеǮӦö˰ɣ
һˤ˸ͷףѵһ٣Ʈ
صɣףȴüЦЦ
ᣬҵǰһ죬һñǵ˶֪ʳ־ҪҵˡǶ١Щ֪ϢˣȫֻҪôʮ֮һҾаһڶ졣
ؿڳ˵ΣӦþǱǱȽΡһڶ죬о̫ʵ
غܲӵ˵һ֮ڣϢбǵˣòʱ̫ţɴѡԼħ˰ɣ
ͬʱ϶ʮһȥߺȷһܱ֮鱱ҲǺұǵ˾֪طˣ᲻Ҳһء
ףȴг˵ҿ϶ҵİ취
ؿ˿ף覣ĵЩΪġ
覵ľ̷ʽľһʤ뵽벻İ취һһʱĳʲô¾ҪԤճˡ
-

167¾үС

ף⣬춼ĵ
յصǵĿ⣬ף˵ˣĵ׶㻹ȰҰѽҪ龡ɡ
ƲƲ죬֪ˡ
ô˵ԼСӣȻѾˣԼҲʧ
һʱ䣬°ĸ̻ԼĶȫãͬʱҲú˸ҪõĶ
Ҳÿһֱ̻˵Ǽǡ
ЩǼǶϸÿ˵ԼǰϼסַֻҪ뵽һЩϸڵĶҪ¼
ԺҵˣЩǼǿɶǺҪĶ
磬һӾͳһƵĸ̵ơ
ȴҰһϣͻȻͶ棬ԭࡣ
һʱ䣬ͱװģˡ
ףһֱֱһľƴ¥Ҳĵ˵ͷ
ǸľƵĴ¥ϱһ첼ֻſҵһڴǰĻ
һж׼Ҫӣʣµ飬ĿҵˣҲǼؿɵ顣
ʱף覵Сγɲ
ףŤͷһĽֿڣѾ򿪳
ϰɫµӣߴſɨ䵽ף覵ϡ
ԭһֱûʲôˣף覵һ˲䣬Ŀⶼĺһˮ
޳˫ȣֱף˹ȥ
ͷٵ͵
һгҲҪѡ
ȻѾҪ̼ǰװˣҲͲмԼʵˡ
ף覾ãһֱΪԼһүĽзһ㣬Բүƺ
ܹȥĵطԲᲽлг
ȻҲǣԼһʽôʽҲøʶ
үڽԺãڱȴͱȽһˡǿѹͷߣڵıǣһĵط
ף覼ͻȻֵ߲ƵֿһЦݡ
ܿͰԼղŻ޵Ĵ¥֮Ժ󣬳˹ȥһͷĻ
ôͻȻˣĻģ˿εľϲ
˵һǺܿסԼΡ
סף覣ȷԷԼˤԺ󣬲Ű˫ֲ˶һĿ
պ̸⣬ǱﲻԶҲæӦöôؼңԹҪ㻹ڣ˳һȥ
ף覴սᣬϻһɵζӦǸղź̸ʱ򣬳˼
ðСҲĬˡ
ͷΪµʱ鷳ĸβмѾڶ˫֣Ծس˳
޳ָȻسķīɫĳٴ¡
ףһ㶣ָѾķ˿ЩϵָͷƤ档ͷճһѣָΪͷ
ͷףʵ鶼źˣ
ףͷ¶һЦæ꣬ʱ򡣡
תȥ˵
ףˡ
ŶԼĺףذղɿβ˷ȵļɣȻĿ֮£ʼף覱С衣
ףʵ̸ô
˵Ǻ˳ܼҵ˲̸£еƦ
ȫ̸̸йһǳ˳飬ʱϸƦקҪˣǾү
ү˵ģһرƵء
һͷղǼҲ˻ȥһƯǱѾá
ˡ˵
Ӳɢôβá
Լͷ⡣
Ҳǿһһ㶵ģղֻע̸ݣǲע⵽һ顣
үʲôʱСˣ
үʲôʱѧŹ
ôЩүҲûʲôŮˣСĹѵԼ͵͵ѧ
ףԼĳ裬ĵͬ졣
ף覼ǵã뿪ʱǲӵġ
תȥͷд佱֡
޵Ц·˵ľүԼĹСء
ʲôʱѧģ
ƺǿ뷨˵ô
ףص˵ͷ
ʱ͵͵ѧġ
ôЩ꣬ǲܻҹʱҪԼҵ
-

168ǵ

ļǵãʮʱϲ˱С衣
Ůʱ̫̣ҲűСӶһŮæС裬ȴûеʱҹ
һкﶮŮӵЩ⡣
ʱһͷ˳ĳһŪæңͷƤ˺üڣʧܸա
ȷҲСԺҲйʧ䣬ǴԺҲûǰСӵˡ
뿪˽ҹʱǻһʱûܰɵ¡
ʱûңȴһҹһɡȥ˼ٷ꣬ڵԱĿһļٷ
ʼѧűС裬˯ŵʱһҹࡣ
ϴͷС̹ôŮӱһƯС⣬ϴͷСΪϲɺ׽ֳһβСЦ
ڿеĸлرġ
ǰЩʱһɵƣڿǼ¶ϲ;ֵ;ġ
ףҧҧĨϼлл硣
Ȼ֪͵͵ѧС裬лл
ллСʱδɵڴ롣
תָǰĴ¥ƣʵҵĵ̣װô
Լǰװϲֵĵؿ޵ܲ档
֮ǰ˵Ҫ￪ʱԼ￴ʱİӰš
ԭе㵣Լ첻飬ĥһܲ֡
ڿװģӣԼͻȻˣ֪覵׼ֵĺܣԼõˡ
ǰ棬ҪȻһҵ꣬һ֡
ף΢΢һЦĵֹסôһСüʶľү棬˵Ļɹ
һۣͳɤʲô
үôֵĳƺ˭еģ

ףӦ˼Ŀڵ硫ø硫
ջԼߣ⻹ࡣ
ʵ쿪ҵ
šߵŮӦһ
תЩĵĿһ˳аһҵ֣ƽĶۣ취еðա
ǱˣҲͲ˵ˣЩððչƨ¡ԼҵĹĽ֣øԼпϵĽ顣
ֻŻܵı
ףҪĲһҵ꣬ǳаһҵ飬⡣
Ҫ̼ڱǽûֱҲǲеġ
ͬģз硣
֮ǰûʲôͻȻڱŪһҵ֣̼ıĶ⡣
硣ף覽һ
ţ
һ죬ڽɫϼͿʵʱף覿ǰΡĸߴľƣߵ˵һ仰
һ̼Ѫĵ
Ȼǵⲻ˻ˡ
Щ̼ҵãչĺãҪһţǾ͹ֲѵͬǡ
Ȼⲻ˾ǳﱸֵʱ򣬾Ҫ뵽Ҳͬᷴ
ףġ̼ҽʱ
˵̼һߣԼУ̼Ҳֱ̼ҽ
һ㶣Ťͷף覡
ôһСַôᱻ
ûмģ覵һ档
ΪڿЦϸһף覵棬һҲûЦ˼
ط㶵ʱһԵȴһҲ⣬Ȼ˵ѵãסﻹһѵ
ףٿȻŤͷ
Ҳһ죬ʶ
˵˭ǴðģΪʲôִ覣Ҫ覿쳣ܡ
覸ղһͷΪ˿ԼĿ֮ΪСʱĴݣչʾ֮Ĺϵǳ
ô˵ҲǰԼչ˵ģͻȻôһˣصȻȽϽźעһ㡣
ò˱Ժûмˣ˾ͳ룬һЩʲô飬覶ˣ
ɵø覿һ㣬ʲô׵˸ƭˡ
ҪǣѾ˵覺ͽҵĻ¡
ʱҪֳʲô飬˭á
ףҺҵȻѾˣǲû˹ڽͨүӵ硣
˵һ覸ҵĴүһ𾴾ƣű֪׮£ű֪һûŵ׼ٷˡ
-

169һȺ˾

صһ˵Ҳһû뵽ףôᣬͶ˽Ķ
˵ףԴӦ顣
˵ףλ׼үһЩ飬˵Ĳ࣬ϾŻؽҲǺܾãҲʶ
ڶؿǣǰһɤӣʵҼСʲôϵ
ף覵ͷ͵Цһ⣬Ȼ
˫ֲڿڴƳһۣС㣿
صͷԣѾСˡؼܹףҵĶݣҪףңԸףҵ¡
Ȼغ˽ﲻ⣬ǰҲ΢һ£̧覵ݣ˿ᡣ
صĽͣŶҹүˡ
ף覣ۡ
ǻûǼǽأôԼλˣĿס
һ㶣ү
Σش㵵ʵҵģү
Ǹ˵̫覣Ǹ˵̫񣬲ǵĵһ죬
һָҡҡɫҵľүҪҪףδĹү
ףƳһۣЦȴֲЦɰܵġ
ף覸ܵأҹ˵ģءǴŵĸɡ
ţףָؽһ
оԺֵܼĻ᲻١ȻʶһԺҪһµĻҲ졣
Žɫ˵ûؼˡ
Ҫ鶼Ѿãףһ컹ҪһˣҲţֱӸˡ
ؿűϳף覣һԼСӱ˹ߵĸоǶԷǾүҲ˵ʲô
ף覽Ȼܺãص췼ԷԺһ϶ŸҥԹص䣬ľӣС迴ֿôò
һθС谡
һֱ˯ǰף覲ؽ⿪С裬ͷɢ
Ϣһϣڶһ磬ףȥ
뿪֮ǰ˵ϻһĽӿڵˡ
ֿտյף覣ʵʲô
ף覿Ŵ˵аˣ˻ûء
ΪĿҵӭͣѾ׼Ҫĳʳˡ
һ֣ÿĳʳһɫ˭ˣᱻСԵۻҵġ
ڵĵһľǣףĽֿڶŵһڿеǷζ
ףȲһ£˵ȥһǣǵøǮ
ؿһۣߵǰһõǣûݸ
ǵϰ֪һǸףģôǮ˵һһһ룬Ǯϰߵġ
ף覴ֽͷһ£һζʹ˱Ǽ⡣ǹǡ
ףȸԾ㰡
һŽ˽﷢
ϲζ
ؿޱܵףһۣ˵ǽһ㶼ûأ㵹ǳԵĺ㡣
ף˵ԼҪĶһô֪ܲסˣڰĿˮÿһ̣ҶһӪҵء
ؿһۣŶ룬ء
ʵԼ˰ɡ
ָָһӣ˵㿴ǰ滹һģҪҪҲȥˮһ£Լνеס
ף覣
֪
ʱһСʻȫͣĽֿڡ
ף覰ǵĴһץһŤͺǴӵĿڡ
˵Ժԣˡ
ظףߵСǰ۾˻˾һۣͷףʵ˵Ա
ʱΪ׵С˾ӳ
˾ǿ׳ֱۺܽʶǶһ׸⡣ڻϣֻһСġ
ıϲĳգеСࡣ
˾һĴָָָһ˾ֵܣףС㣬ҪҵĶʮˣˡ
˾֮Щ˾ǲû³ǲٶӳ̽ͷؿǵĹף覡
ףСϿһۣκ̫ǲ׼ҪĶ
ֻܶΪ׵˾ʵ֮ǰ˵Ķ׼𣿡
˾һɤӣֵ˵ȫġҪǸʲô˵ɡ
-

170ȫǹ㲥

˾ףʶһżȻ
ԭܵĶг⣬˴һطѻһطһ죬ôҲһǮ
һгհжһϢСӵŮ˾ߵǰܲܰɢ⡣
ǣһ飬ðֻڱܡ
ҪҪʮһ߲УÿϣҪһȡ
Ȼ֪Ҫȸʲôãǲܰæжװֻڱܣֶ࣬˾΢һ룬ȴӦˡ
ûʮŸֵܣټԼչʮˣÿҲһȡȫף覵Ҫ
ʱǾͰѼʱ䶨˽죬һʹԼֵˡ
زؿףʵ㵽Ҫ
Щ˾Ҫſɤȥߺ
ף覶ЦЦ
Сʱ󣬶ʮСֳ飬ÿǵĸͬķÿһ·ڣСͻֳȥһͬС򻺻н
ÿСϣװһѾ¼ȡȵ˵ظʳһشҵϢ
Ϊ򣬹㲥ﻹһصĳ齱ڡ˵ش󽱣ôôˡ
ף覽Щ˾ǵ񣬾Ǵһѭŵȣת֪ıǵÿһطǶ֪Ϣ
һĻվףĿࡣ
ʮƱǹ㲥취
˵ǱˣڽҲÿһ˶֪ʳ־ҪҵϢ˲֪ء
ǰҲõֳִ߽˵ҪãǴûһ뵽ְ취Լϡ
ÿ˶еԼһЩ⣬ҪڴĵطǾǹӣҪöˣǾǴ
˵Ҫõô࣬ôͲ취
ôһʱ䣬Ҳ㹻ǵ˹עˡ
Ťͷ˵Ҿ˵а취~
Ͽף֮ǰˣ⡣
ף覴ֽóһǷŽ
е⡣ǲ֪̼ҵ֪Ժ󣬻ʲôķӦ
ף覰ʣµǰãŤͷ˵ȰҰѹǮǡϣͷһ㡣
ʵأ
ף覾һǣ˵ҵȻȥǳ԰
ôóԵǣһҪŸֵʱԲóءøһ顣
ǰףֻͷһЩæµ̻˵ϾŵҪĻˣǽ춼׼áæҹţ֡
Ժĺܳһʱ䣬ررæȻҪץʱ䣬ȥ
ף覵ӰܿʧڽͷΪҪȥĵطеԶ뿪Ժǻһ췼Է˼гȥ
֮ǰ磬ʱļȥ
ˣ͸˵һ춼ڳ˳ۡ
Ҫ˳˳۾ͿԼ
ǵĶǱҲ˵˳ҲǱΨһĿۣ齭ҲǴӳ˳Ա߻뱱
ڱǵĳ˳۸һ֣Ƥ֮ǰѾ̸ˣף覹⼸Ҳÿʼǻˡ
˳۵Ļһδһʱ䣬ƶҪڳ˳ۼ๤͵ˣǮɻ
ףг˳˳ۡ
Ժʱ䶼ڳתȦ⻹һߡ
캣ߵܺãˮεżԿһ˻ĻʻۿڡΨһĲþǺһҲ飬·Ե졣
ף˫ַڳ˳ۿڲtûþҵڳ˳۱һͼֽվһƽϵ
ǰһմõĵػٹ˿ľͷװʯͷɳӵƳף覻վڹм
վЩ֮⣬ʱʱͻϵͼֽһۣףǣ˹ȥ
ıӰĵؿ׼ĵӴ󲻴
ȥ׼ıʱıȴڳһ˫۾Ȼͼֽת˹ֱֱؿ
Ŀԣף覱Ūһ˶ԭء
ף覽ڿУ֪ȥδӵ֣ʵ׼Żң
ʵղףĳʱûзĴڡ
ֻ̧ͷصʱ򣬺ȻָתͷһۡôɾͰѸֵףץ˸š
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171

ףڨڨջ֣±Ҫ͵͵Ŵ̼ڿɺãûɣץסеˡ
ҧҧҾǿ
Цֻû˵ףֿת˻ȥٴԼĿĺ󱳶
ıֱʲôҲֻվڳ˳ۿڣź紵ϰһһķ羰
ףһ㶣ʲô
ҪһΡ
ղŲ֪׼ŻͷҲͻȻתˡ
ףһ㶣Ѹ֣ļһ¡
ѽŵˣ
Ȼ仰ûһܵŵĸоѾ㹻ףЦ
˵仰ٶתȥף覣۾ɰСȲرס
ôͶôأôɵСϷҲԸƻԺһΡ
ף覾ֽ˵Ҹǣ㳢
ֽһǷŽﳢ˳
ףڴؿʵôϲ𣿡
ΣͷŲŵԼؿڵף覣ʵǵζϲ
ף˵ϲġ
Ϊرóԣİ
ΪرϲԵõһõģȲҪһϲ
ǹ˹ȻϲӦ֪Ҳϲ
ݼڣ˼
ʵҪҵˣô͹ңǶźˣ
ף覵ͷźˡ
ʵһ㣿Ҫ˵ʲô¾Ͳˡ
ף˵أµġҪ˵㻰ҪһȥʽĻ
ϵͼֽһԴʲôʱƭ㣿ţ
ףһЦ⵹ûС
ֻҪӦԼ飬һ
㿴
ǣ֣˳Ѿʼĵط߹ȥ
ǰˣԽ˲שѻĵػָһĳطᶫ
þŵͼֽǰټĵػһָ˵ǸԺҪֿĵط
紵ͷף覰ͷŤͷʵô뵽Ҫڳ˳۸ǲֿ⣿
ǰĵػ˵ǿȻֻһССĳ˳ͷĻҲ࣬Ժ϶ٷչ׳ĻһҪֿŲһ֮ڰߵĻڱǵĵؼۻǺܸߣһʵġ
⣬ܿǰ̻ԶԶģҪܿδķչǰ
ʱҲƾı·¸
֮ǰͶһĲҵǾȫõûǮһ·ˣܹõ档
ȻԤͶʣҲҪۺʱΪġ
Ǳˣ㿴ͷֿԺеҲûǮµƤûǮǲֿ⡣
ͺñף覣벻ڳ˳۸ǲֿ顣
˵ľ֮кܴͬġϾףǸףѧģȴǿԼƴľ顣
£ӵһףԱȼơӯĲҵ
ף˵Ǹۿֵطܻܿرȥãĺ۲ｨֿ⣬ҪǲŽͱô죿
ܡ˵ĺܿ϶
ףʵô֪
˵֮ǰصһֱˣҾҪĺۣҲֻһƬأᶯһƬֿ⡣
ѡϣ֮ġף覿ǵ⣬֮ǰҲѾǹˡ
ԹҪۣкô
һҲԶˡ
ֿⲢҪôõװ꣬ҲҪͶͲһͶʣͿӯ
˱֤ڲֿĻûΥƷôȥҲó˳۵Ĳֿɡ
ףĵײɵһп˰
ôܵпֵܳδȻ
ֿҪǸǳˣδ׬Ŀɲһǰô򵥣һ׬
Ϊ˳ҪյĻֹ㱱ҪƷиҪͨǵĸۿڵصĻ
ЩϰԺҪһڷŵĵطʱĲֿ⣬ǵһѡ
ף覿һۣóϷ˵磬ҪѧĶкܶడ
̧СԴ
ֻҪ֪⾭Լҹﰡ
-

172ļ

ͬʱף覵İ£ĵط쿪ҵһ顣ÿ֣Ҫ顣
̶һʱ䣬Ǽ˶֪¿һʳ֣컹дĻ
кЩ˶ǱǸŪصĳ齱ȥġŵͷβͶʼˡ
ԭһֱôܱǹעͻȻͳ黰⡣˶ԼһҪȥһ
Թȥ𣬽ۿһŴȵĻĿҵǰȥ
ΪһҲû뵽覻ͻȻŪôһְ취֣һ¿˴ҵԺԭΪ˽죬ûˣء
ڿɵã覲ֶλôر
ʳһֵ֡ʱ˶סˣϰĺҲ˼ת
һ뵽飬˵ʳһֵǶ೤һָ֡ǰһΣָһΣָᴩһ֣
һ֣ǸûлӱĵˣΪף覵ˡ
ܵ䵱ֱӸ˵ĵصΪʲô覣Ҳ˵覣ѵ˭пΪǿȫһ˳аˡ
ףҪһʳһ֣ԺҪ֣ɾˡ
üͷңĦŷ̶ǸѾͷ
֮ǰ˵ĵ̿ҪҵǹٵʱΪһ򵥵С棬û뵽Ȼôֱʡ
һ֤һʲôʲôҲûеһá
Ϊ糾͵ǣһĵ·ƭ̼Ҳˣ̼˶ؿΪУŻôõһ̼ҵĻᡣ
УԲףԺԸ̼ҡ
ôʳֿҵĻ飬ͲܽһȥˣҲȥС
غһƵ۽ǣ͸
ȻĻʵʱǶϾŵ㣬ǲŰ˵룬ѾвٴֵΧǰ棬͵ſһʵĻǸʲô
ǰ棬ڻûʽĻ֮ǰЩǲܽȥġסͷţô
Щϰ壬һ׼˳ʳΧǰЩˣܴӿŵָζ
Щ˱ó緹ŵﴫζ̲סԼĶӡ
Щǳˣ˳ֵģϾôǿиĵˣҪһۡ
˵ʮȺ棬ͣһСγ
һװȴӽγȻƵ˳ӵһߣ򿪳ţף覷
촩һ۵ĺȹȹӵɫɫá˴Ĳͬһɫϵ·һ𣬿Ҳͻأ
ǰ浲Ⱥ˿һ·ܹһ·ߵ¥¡
ҵ߶ʱһ˹ȥȻȺв֪˭˵Ǹˣòʳֵϰɣ
ôʽ϶ʵģҾӦþϰ壡
˸ŷʣߵǸŮ˭
ã߾Ů˰ɡ
ɹʿ˭ûһŮˡ䣬Ů˻ôƯ뵱ĳȥˡ
Щף覶ѡһЦ
غ̻һ覲ϰ壡Ǹˣ
ߵǰףʵʵļͺ컨׼𣿡
˵׼ˡҪѼʲô
㣬˲ֻ覺׼ү˲μӼʺͽĻˣѼǸ˭׼ģ
ף˵һ˻ǳųӣ׼ġ
ص˵ͷô˵ǻйû
صͷһֱЩĵ˵ϾҪŵˣǸòٵɣ
ףҡҡͷٵǲڣԼӣȵ
ûȵȵ̼ҵ˵ˡ
´һ
ԽȺһ۾Ϳվߵף覡
Цݣȳסľ
ףһۣ˵ˣӲˣȻļ
-

173´ﶼ

´ˣ˵磬ҲŮ
ҲǵֵģԲô谮Ϊʲô覵ʱ˵αôأȻð磬ǴҲһһɣ
Ƴ´һۣ֮ԱǵʵҲ˵ҵŮҵŮȻҰô˵ô˵ֵܣ
ľ´Ϻ˵
˶вĺܣֻһеģ
һۣˣҽǸʲôˣҪ´ʲôʱ򣿶ˣ˵ٴΣֵܣûµǺ
صͷ
´ɲϣ
Ťͷ´˵ҲҼסѾ̼ȥˣҲڴ¥̼ҵҲǰ˵ף̣
´ˣΣ̧ͷ¥µף覿һۣӦ֣֪ˡ
ˣ׼ף覵ʱȺͣһӡ
Ӱȣѵǰ˸п
Ťͷһ̧ץסĸ첲˵֣㿴ǳ¾ֳ
һ㶣ͷķȥܵӳۺϵװӣԽȺ¥µף˹ȥ
ףЦӭȥ¾ֳˣ
ܵҲͬЦΪǴôƣμӼʣҵȻðʱ
ֿܵһվŵ
ܵٵĶʶˣʶ˵ģϴ١ܵһ۾ܿϵȲһ㣬Ťͷףʵǣ
ף覿һۣ󷽷غͳܵܵδ򣬴ӽ
֣á
ܵԺйص飬ܿ뵽ѺȾƵʱ򣬴ӱһү
үſ쵱˭Ҳð
ǸүҲǽ
ܵס֣ʵǲ
ף֮ǰȷꡣ¾ʶң
ܵ˫һǸү
û뵽û뵽ڱŪһʳֵף覣˾ηľүȻôһϵ
ףǾүһҲ᳣ǰɣ
ʶǲġ
ܵ˵ʱ˺üУסҡҡ
үǴԶﰡѾ˵¼ףСɲŮòһԣ䣡
ף̲סһۣʲô
ǸղŵĶԻڽ֮ǰӦûûкͳ¾ּɣô¾ֳôأ
ѵֻΪ¾ֳԼ䣿
治С
¾ֳһ뵽ԼıҲӭôһĵ׾͸ˡˣȥܸǸطչ
ܰѾүסǿĺ¡
ף覻ɻų¾ֳôôʱ򣬳ܵѾ˵һ죬Ҫǵøҷϲ
ܻˣҲܸܵӣϲһСʱ벻
ܵ˵ҺףСǶѣʲô벻˵ֻҪǱҾУ
΢΢һЦͳܵһۣ֮䣬˶Է˼
ûһų˷ֱҩֵξֳ︱г˶Ǳ쵱ĴǽȻμĽĻʵġ
𿴵Щ˶ۼһ𣬿覵񶼱òһˡ
СѾͷı²Сг
̼ҲǵȫʮԺ󣬲гμǵ۳Ժļʡȥġ
ףôһСѾͷǶӣ
Ƕôף覣
ɫԽԽǱߵףȴξֳиг̸гףҲһ
ֻһŮˣȴĳˮò˵ڴ˼ʹϵϣһס
ǱߣҪﶼԺף覾˰񻨺ͼ׼ʣվڸա
ף覺վһ𣬰ǲһļϳĺ⣬ʽǽˡ
Ȼףߵ¥£һץס¥ߵһ
޴ĺ첼䣬¶˴¥ϵʳ֡
Χ𣬻ϡ
ܿ˰䵽ϵĺĻȥһ˱
覴һ£վڴ¥£Դ˵ӭֻõʳζ
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174´󽱲

ף˵꣬˵һߡ
ŵıڱžĽͷһֱ쵽βǵĸߺ͹ںϵһϲֵĸоһ̱˸ߴ
Ļʵǳˣʣµ飬ǷЩֵ˽ȥˡ
վԱߵİɫʯգȣԴ˵Ŵкܶ˶ǳų齱ģڽ֮ǰҸ˵һ³齱򡣡
Ⱥֺģ˵˵
ؾСƬ˵ÿ˶һģ־СƬÿһԵģϰͻǸһС£ֻҪ¸ͿԴȥβһγ齱
ʵÿֻܳһ𣿡
طǳظǸ˽͵Ȼǣ齱Ըǵĸ´ӣûޣԶ齱
ʵǽβĳ齱Щʲô
ش˵һȽһݣгǷɸƵģ
гһʱ˲˵ĵͺ
ǿǴǰĴ֮һ
Ȼںܶ˵ļﶼгˣԼһгҲҪǮءҪֱӴ齱һгǲĽӴ
˵ԶģʮǰһɸƵгһƯСϱ׵ģ
˵Ƚݣ
Ĵ֮һ
Ⱥһͺ˲˰
ϰ壬ֿ°
гģ˭Ҫǳ鵽ˣǲø
˵Ҷһ˵꣬ȽȽһݣϺֱ
˲ˣǴҪƽʱĶ
ز˵ȽȺѾҪ˳ˡ
ôö˭齱һݡ
ʱ˵Щǻ׼㽱ʮݣǾӢƵĸֱһ֧йɰҲԴ߼˲ǣֻҪǳ齱һУҲһ
صĹĶ£ѾȰ಻סˣ˵ôˣҪȥǽȥ
żغٺһЦõĽһֻһݣȳȵã˿ɾûˣҿҪջᰡ
ԣͷĸʣ֮һ
ҲζţĳԵԽ࣬ǵԽ࣬нĸʾԽ
Ⱥһޣ͸ӵȲˡ
ǻʲôǽȥ찡
ؼѴҵɿĲˣŴһӣ·мÿ˵ǾͿȥɣԶӭң
һÿ˿Ƭ˾æܣһҼ̶ɨȥ¡
ЩԵĶǴҪģҪǴҶҪͷ
һͷף׵ؾɿҵ
Ϊ׼⼸ݴ󽱣ȻҲף覲ǮǽǮǴҪģ˵һڶ졣
ĶʮټϽ󽱵ĹĶ˽Ժ󣬾ԻɱǱ˳̸۵Ķ
Ǯľֵ
Ϊ׼Ŀҵҽ齱ĵطףҲ֮ǰѡġ
ѳ齱λڽͷѡ˽βΪܹһֵ
еĳʳͶܱע⵽
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ͲõЩڽͷڽβӯռ󣬶ɲҪľ׵⡣
ʹ£ܹǮ̣Ȼĳʳȱ˵ĳʳζ̡
ҶƾǮԼİ취Ǵ칫ƽ
ͷվ΢ЦˣڴҶûע⵽ʱס֡
ף覵ͻȻһֻưסͷһ͵͵ǣϵЦⶼˡ
ָɿתס֣۵ʮָۡ
һС˭ûз֡
ӿȺ︱гվף˵ԤУԺһܳ¡ҪǶܱˡ
ף覶ʮ︱г΢΢һЦǾͳˡ
ǵĶԻʱһ㶡
һ䲻۲۵Ŀޣ︱гһֱ̾ڱ̼Ҷû˵ֻ
Ҳǡǡ˵︱гܿδķչ
һ˲䣬ЩΪʲôƼˣҲ˳ܵΪʲôĵضף覡
۵һƬ裬Ǻܿ죬ͲǷɫ
覣ǳᣬһ˰ôһˡүү֪ˣο
ǣֵףŤͷһüͷ
𼸸Ҳ˹ȥ
覵۵һĨ꣬˵ˡ
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175°ТΪ

ָľ仰ڳļ˶Լͬ¶˲顣
ף覺̼һôһϵζ̼ڱǵʵֱ֮ǰˡ
ݺʶʵϰףСүү
˳ؽȥǰ覿̼ҴСڱ𴦵ŮСʹ£ڶܶһ棬һʳˣĲ
ʵϰһӰ
Ȼؽܵ׾ҵĴ
ӱһļͺȻǰ֣︱гãá
ֻʶ𣬶ȴǺϤչֺֻǸ͵˵һ䣺ȮŮףСôҲһˡ
ף覿˺ѣɫ̾ͳ
ԭΪ̼ҵ˻£취⼸ǵ
û뵽ôҪת۾Ȱ̼ҵĹϵһ𣬰ֺ̼˹ϵ
չĺãֵ̼ҵˣףֻоŻ
ں̸ֿ֮࣬ףһۣ¶һĨթЦ˾ǵʶʱ
ڿЩﶼʵʱ򣬾תԼĶף覵̬ȡ
Ȼףܹõ︱гͳ¾ֳӣ̼ûʱַֻҪǻһϵƤ̼Ҿܸף覰ʳ֣һõһЩô
ֲͶ飬˭Ըɣ
ֻҪףϻ̼ҵѪ͵ýԼһүү
ϵҪ˦̼ңԼչΡ
ϲף覣ҲεץסףµĲҵ̼ҹϹôôϳһƤõЩʵʵĺôУ
ܵ۾˿¶˻ɵĿ⡣
ֿһԱߵף覣ȻûбֵĺԣҲֲܿ˼
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ܵ䲻Цɾ˼ˣȻǶһˣΪʲôҪֱҵأǰ컹ҳԹһٷϵĵǱ˭ߵġ
ֿܵʵŮߵĵأ㾹Ȼ֪
ϵЦһܵ⼸仰һʣҲһĬǼ˵ֶˡ
ȷ˵ͨ
ףһͷ٩Ҵӳ¾ֳصʱ򣬸Ͳ֪֮ǰϵġ
ףתòظ˸ͷǸһСľͶˡ֪ҪأΪôҲӦһġ
һһҲУ˭ף覺֮ޱ֡
ü֡
һʱ֮ЩΣҿף覣ֿص̼ˣЩŪ׼֮Ĺϵˡ
Ťͷף˵覣ôô֣Ȼ֮ǰеСìܣ֮䣬ϾѪŨˮ㿴ʳֿҵˣˡ
⻰һ˵ֶ֮䣬ֻһСìܶѡ
⻰˵ģԵףе㲻ТϾֻΪ֮һСìܣ͹ȻϵˡͲһˣף覣ʹףŮ
Ŀĺȷף覲ò̼ҹҹף覵ΪТܻ
ǲ֪ף覺̼ҵìܵжģֻ˵ϼ仰׵ף覱ɱĲТŮ
ףһֶ߬һ
ǣ֣ȸܵ
ƫƫʱȻ˵ǰ覣֮ǰǰֶ̫һ㣬ҲҪǺް֣ʲô飬ǸŮ̸һˣαŪôأ
һһͣݵһϷôףЩ塣
ݿôһҲĳضף˵˵ТΪȣ㵱ŮģôҲ̫áҲǸˣҪ⣬Ҫˡҵ˼𣿡
Ǹ͵ĴТӣҲ֪һ㣬ŻáТͷڴǰ¡
һվԼһߵģϵЦҲˡ
︱гĻҪǲǾǲ︱гҪף覻ôѡ
Ȼضף˵︱гô˵ˣͲҪˣһ֣ǰǹȥˡ
ף̧𣬽Ĵ͸¶ŭ
ǹȥˣǰ̼Щûа̼ҵԴӡ
ڷҪˣôôأ
ƤһƤ˵ûɣ
-

176̼û

ף覺һҪǽˣζԺ󶼻̼ҹŹϵζԺڱǣԶ̼ҡ
УݺͳܵǶǸǺõĲТŮҪȰܻˣԺڱ£϶û֮ǰס
ҪڸгǰƵܻͷľء
˵ˣףôû·Ҳͦſ͵һˡ
ԼôƲѪԵϵ
ףһԼ˵︱г治ҲТԸֻô궼ףұ⹫Ҿ˾˸ģʵǺʲôŮĸ顣
Ƴһۣ˵ҴұӽףҵʱҾ͸գԺҾףҵˡһ֣Ҫǽˣ˶Ӧĺܡ
ô˵ڽ죬ĳġ
Ҫе䣡
üǸգϵѪԵϵҲڰ
Ѫ׹ϵܱһϾ͸նϵݵϣ¶Զ׼Ĳá
ףЦЦ︱г֪ѾŮˣȻôסףأ½˵Ů֪Ժ󣬻ҵ鷳ء
üʵʲôŮ
ףƵ˵Ŷȥĸףҳ֮ǰѾˣûȢһд񽿵ŮˣҲһŮǲŮӦùа֡ҽ֣ʵǲ׵
һŤͷ
ף⻰Ȼ˵Ƶᣬǰ˼˭ǸˣԭԺѸһŮ˽顣
ô˵ף覻ûʱ򣬾Ѿ̼˹ϵˣף覺̼ףȷЩ׵
ף覿ɫһۣ˵ʮһʱĸ׾ȥˣǸʱҲ⹫ףһףҵġ֪̼ҲʣԽ֡Ҳͬʡ︱гأ
վһԣص˵ͷ
ף΢΢һЦΪ˲̼ҵƽҲΪ˲ףҵ֮һǼףҵŮȽϺá
˵ɵӶܿĳףжô̼ҵˡģ̼Ҳûйϵ
һ̬ת򣬵ݱף˵˵覣ȻֺˣֻǺںġҲһˡ
ʹף覵ײУֿʼʾӡΪ˺Ϲϵʲô˵
װС˭ܸⷬоϣף覻ع̼ҵڴףֻöġ
ΪĲʹ졣
ʲôںںģѪԵУھ͸Ļˡ
ЩҲֻ˵ƭƭ˵ĸ顣˭ûںŮǰûУԺҲС
϶ţĨֻּͣ
һֻצ㣬εץף覺̼ҵĹϵ֣Ҫ̼Һף覰һ𲻿ɡ
ףҪƲ̼ҵĹϵѡ
֮£ףȴͻȻһͳͻأЦ
ףһ㶣Ťͷ
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̧𣬱ȻһЦݣ۵ȴ˿εĳ
ܵ俴һۣ۵һĨ⡣
˼ˡ
үף覵δǺڴү˵Ļ
һֱĻɵ⳰Цʵ湫ӣЦʲô
һҽ¶μһ¼ʣ߸ˣϰ˵ЩʵЦԷǡϰ壬ʵû뵽Ƥô񰡡
үһڣܶԷ𣬻ǱʲôˣֻҪ¶ί϶ǲġ
һü˵Ұ֣Ҳĳһ㣡
һۣΪϲ𡣡
֮ܵǰѶۣ¹档ڿۺС
̧ף覵СԴߣһֻè
Ķᣬ³ĻȴϬ
ϰ嶼һˣúôڼϣӳţһ۸Ǽ¶أǾǰ¶Сʱ۸ԲŸô¶أ
˵ôˣף̼ҵѪȻû̼ң̼Ҳû
-

177ԶǸ

Ҳ˵ԣһˣ֪ʲô
ˣף̧ͷΪɲˣף˻׵ļˡҵ飬ȫ֪˵Ǹˣ˵ĺܲ˽Ұ
һҭת˵̼ŮܳϦദǶЩ˽Ҳġ
һ̵ϰ˵̾ڱô̼꣬ҵˣƤһ̼ͷŮڸôŲʵʵˡ
Ӳ̼ҵ壬ûжŲʡ
ʵʲôʱ֣ҲܵЦһ˵ˣ
ǰһ̧ۿɢ˲ѹ˶ԷĪر嵽ˣһӾȻҪ˵ʲô
˵Сʱǿģǰʲô̼Ҹף̵ʱҲڳʱǵ˵棬˵ûףŮġ
飬ʹӲʹ
Ҫ覽֣Щʱ
ֻҪûٸӰԼˣԶǸԼˣҲֻһڵĻˡ
ھȻվ
ײ;ûǴ
᣺㣡
ʵʲôףô꣬Ҳû̼ҵףôһ˸ʳ֣̼ҾͻȻŮˣ
ܵ俴һۣôһ˵̼Ҽ˵ʱ㣬Ǹɲ硣̼˵ΪʲôѾˡ
һ¶ûǵĶ̣Ǿذ֡ܲҪѪˣ̼Һ覣Ӻܶǰһϵûˡ
кô̾ϿҲҪиȡ
ôҪ˵̼覵оʵ˶ġ
̼а覵ǵŮһ죬̶ֳ̼ȡ
ƳһۣҲֱġ
ѹףôϽһ֡
飬Ƿŵ˭ϣ¶ͬһ
̼Һף֮Ĺף覸ղŵı֣ѾǺʶ壬û̼²̨ˡ
̼Щ˵ı֣ʵЩ
ףô˵̼ҵĹ̼ҵֲ
ôף覶ȥףҵȻȲȡ˱ŮӣѾܲˡںӱףˣܹˣôʵǲҪˡ
ðТΪȣҲû׽ˡ
ղ˵һҲܲ
Ҫ֪̼Һףôľôᵱףġ
鵹Եûӣˣת
ĸٵĲҪôӣ
Ƴһۣɫس
һۣԼ񲻶ԣĵײӿֲҪǵ︱гԺ·ɾͲˡ
Ҷֵֿڣڵȴýѹ֡
ʱһֱԱ߿ֵҩ־ֳվ˳
ߵԱߣļ˵ﰡ˼Ҷ˵Ѷϼ£ⲻǸ𣿡
ݿһۣû˵
һƳף覣ףСǸϲףңǸԸ̼ңǶ˼ҵļ£Ǽ˰ͲҪϹˡҲͲף˼Լѡȥɡ˵أ
ָһܺǫ̃¡
˫ֱ󣬵˵ͷ˵Ķԡ
һЦְƵϣϰ塣
𱻵˵ξֳ˵
˵Ҳ֪˵ģƽ˶༸ۣȻҲ⡣̫ˣҲ˷ı¾ͺúõˣҪڲõĵطҲСˣԵķҲǶ࣬Ӧñҿ͸𣿡
õĵطָʲôҶ֪
ҲֶһС档
Ҫǵͨã𻹲䡣
һ̸͵˵ǣⶼ̫ĳëԺҿøĸġ
ֺǺһЦҲҪ͹ȥˣʵҶһ˭ﻹûˣһҪǵãڴµʱ򰡣ҲӰͷĹȻͻṼͷ˶ǵ˵ǲǣ
ֵ˼¹£鹤¡
ǼַˣɵĹҲһҪɡ
Ծף覺ַ̼ˣþӪõҲһҪӪá֮ǰŵǵһ
-

178㻹

ףܹ֮ЩǾΪ֮ǰ͸Ǳ֤µأϽʳ֣Ϊǵıƣø֪ǡ
֤ǲŻμӼʡ
Ҫʲô
ףɹˣڱǵˣ
ףҲɣ˵ܵĵضġΪǵĳܵ䣬ͬҪ
ԺǱᣬܾͿף⼸ˡ
ף覼Ȼǰ˱֤һҪЩ
ΪڲֻǱǵЩС̻ڿǵĹٳڿ
Ҫǰˣһ𸻹ڴ
Ҫǰˣף覿ɾǶʧˡ
ԺӻôҲͿ֪ˡ
ףѹͬģҲСһһ룬̼ûأҲԺף覵鷳
һλ˵ҲǶ˫Ĺͬ롣
ƽʱ˵һڣض
ףⷬԺҲֵͷ˵ξֳģ¹£ҷֵôμӼʣҲһʧ
ֵ˼Ѿˡ
ںԼ̼ҵˣףҵˣںֻܲҵһơ
ĳҵǰ˵ϻҪɼԺҲһڱ̧ͷҶƾ˵
ﶼͺáŤͷԳܵ仹˵гﻹиأ߰ɣ¡
ףǰ˵ߡ
˼ף覲Żͷ
жȥղǰαװɫһƬ
ղʱ˵Χ治ǰƲ̼ҵĹϵΪЩǲʺϵ˵ġ
ף覲Ÿ߸𣬼ڽǵĲҪ̶ȣһˢҶ̼ҵ֪
ĻΪ⣬˵︱гξֳ˲μļʣҲ򵥰
ףͷһۣǵĳѾ뿪
ǿϧˣղôõһᣬĵ˵ô࣬Ҳû︱гǰһӡ󡣻ξֳ۶ࡣټǰԺͷݴ˰ɡ
ۣ̼ҵ飬òˡ
һۣ˵ߣ
Ϊף覵鷳ڼҲˣҲû︱гǰָãҲֻף覼Ц
ף߲ʱףת˵ҿɵòˣ˭֪һһ᲻̼أ
ĽŲһ٣߰׵ޱ
ͷף˵Ū˸Ҫ̼ң㻹񣡡
ףЦһ˵ĸ֡
ĿԴ
Ժͻ֪ˡ
Խף覣ֵһۣЦһòŵ⣬СѾͷƬӣΪҿھһӣֻܽˡ
ξֳҪչξֳǻǰһų
ټҵˣʹҪ۵ġ
ǳˣףһ죬ҲḶۡ
˵Ҫûãƴ򲻳ȥҿͷʲôЩ˽
ڷʲôŸոأףڲһֶѡ
ϣҵĵƶû˭ʤ˭˵׼
ף覣ΪһĿͷȰԼһʸ֮ĵλãôҶע⵽
ôſ񣬽Ժ󣬶ˣɾͲֹһ̼ˡ
ʣµҪһŲˣڱǣɾͳʧȥ֧ţҲûжɽĻˡ
ʱټһǣ˵ԷĵطûС
ǵĿ꣬ʣµƣȫãڱԶ
︱гˣ̼ҲŲ֣ܶԺӻأҪټһŪ黹򵥣
ɭɭضףЦЦҺ̼ԣ³
ߵ뿪µĻף覲۾
ףŤͷ˵Ҫ顣
ʵ𣿡
ףҡҡͷĵǲڡ
ҵ֮ǰ뵽̼ҵ˻ʹֶΡ
̼ҵ˱ӵĺܣҪǲʹֶΣǲˡ
ף覺һŤŤӣ˵ֻǾãеæˣٳ͸һˡ
һ̧СԴ
˵ûϵǲΪͬһŬô
-

179µȻȺ

ûһش˳ף˵ղҺʹһȥһȦҶۣ񶼻ǸõĿͷ
ף覵˵ͷǾͺá֮ǰһ׼
ôҶгĿж֮һнʵķ񣬴߶ҵĹⶼֻǿʼ
֮飬ĴϷ
һĳд󽱣ͻһʮʮ١
ϳ齱뿪Ժ󣬰鴫ȥͻиӿҵ
ƶòһ죬һݵĳ鿨ȯͻᱻ˳⡣һݳ鿨ȯʧͬʱҲͷڱǴ졣
ʱƷȻûˣʳȴҲ˳ȥ
ԼЩС̻ġҲЩϰʳĻͷ͡
ܹǵ˶ǲ˲ġ
һгʲô
֮ЩӬͷСˡ
ף覵Դϵһ£ĵӻá
ף覵ͷЦЦվ۾ʱ
һ룬ؾͻȻеۣ˻֣֣
ףһ㶣̧ͷһһ߬صָͷ飬аصָͷϵ˼
ףһæתȥֱۡ
磡ʲô֣һָأ
صҪǾôˣԺ˭ѳɽ˰˵ػöһʹ˵Ǯ
磬ȷ֣ѽ
ףôĸ첲ɫȻĿ£ϵľǰ㶼ɡ
Ű£صʹϡ
ۿأʵ˭ˣ
صָѾﵽȣ۵ĸ첲ڴ̧ͷ޹ضеû
ۿˣԴˣ
ףһ㶣㵵ؿ
۵Ĳ֪ԣҲǡ򡱵һ֣ʶ˵ǰҲôİ򣡡
վһĵˡ
Ȼһ̣ظĽл
ϵľˣصһѹҲ͸ǰ˫ϥ
ۣ㣡㣡
۾͸¶ʳߵΣգǰҲãҲڵʱ㾭۸¶
ף覿ĸ첲ľٶЧæ֮䣬סصߡ
ôȥصָͷɾıסˡ
ףһ˫۵֣˵磬Ժ϶ˣȷ֣ؿõĻѡ
һȻеЧģ߱ף覵סԺȻһЩϵҲһ㡣
ף覼״Ťͷһۣͺأ
ػ⣬˵ˣģұ֤Ժ󶼲ףˣ˰ɣ
صıֿ֤ǰף覵ĵ˫ۣȻ˦ص֡
ףһʹ˸
æԼվһȥӵؿһۡ
үǲвʲô֢ʲôģ
ףһ
үõŶôŭָͷˣ
Ҳǲ鵱һ£ȴ⡣仰˵ף覹׽ԣ⡣
ֲؿӿڴƳһۣ˵ҿ¶ֶһΣ¶㣡
طԼվһߣĵһԲۡ
ǻ콵
ףôõԸôˣ
ף覿һۣŭƽϢˣ˵ʵ磬òôţ֮ǰҲ
üҲΣա
еز׽˼֣֮ǰҲ
ף覵Сæһա
⡣ĺ顣
ʵ㻹˵ʲôô˵ˣ
ף覵۾գգߵĻ˸񣺡û֮ǰˣҲԲһˣĹܽǶԵģز£ָͷǸһСѵˣԣ
۵Ļûһ㵣
ҲϣǰȻô˵
ʲôжĴ֪Ǹôе
˵ˣܺߺòãôûһ˰οο
Ϊǰã찡
ףֿһۣﶼСΡ
ô죬ˣȻȺŰ
˵ȡ
ֻͣЩίˡ
Ҫף覵ûιȥҲᱻιȥ
-

180ǰ

һ߹˵үܼҵӦѾˣҲùȥˡ
ͷɨһ۱ϵʱ䡣
ף覼״˵磬æҲȥԼ顣
Ƴһۣʵأ
ף˵˵ϻˡҵĵһ죬ҵȻҪ￴ţȻʲô飬ûˡ˵һϰͲڣ϶ҲЩֵ뷨
˵һвУ
ףЦȻԡ
Ȼףô˵ˣһݵ˼󣬻Ťͷ˵°覿ţ
ô࣬ҪǾһֵ顣ģǰԼߵĵײ̤ʵ
һ㶣Ǿүҡ
¶ȽҪǹ׶ۡ
ֹؿһۣ촽˵ǡ
ת뿪ʱףͻȻе磡ϾŵǻһСС칦磬üһμ𣿡
Ѿߵߣ˳š
ͷһۣһ
õĴ𸴣ף覵¶һĨЦݡ
ͷ˳ӣ뿪
ۿ뿪Ժ󣬲Ÿ߻ףߣ˵үǲеа
һԵˣһ˭㶯үˡ
ү౦С㰡ͲܼôҪ̸үûдȥΪС㣬ؾȻҵžүͷⲻô
֮رָͷֻۣá
ףҲûԤϵղŻͻȻըëĵ׶ķеεġ
ߵߣֿ̧˿ʵҪҪȥҽԺһ
ղؽе໵ģվԱ߶оۡ
˦˦֣˵û£СˡͺˡһһأȥҽԺ˭㡣
ף³һ˫ֱ󣬵ͷŽµĵذ塣
ؼ״ֵΪԼ˵˵ҲǸղһ£Ѿôˡ㲻õġҿǽ㣬ҲûҪָͷ˼
أ㲻ҪףͻȻ˵
һ㶣ԼǰɵͷŮʵʲô
ף򴽣˵ǰġ
Աߵ˵ͷͬ˵һ䣬ţǰݡĲҪ˭˶¡
ػףˣ˵Ĳ˼
ٿȻŤͷʵ˵ʲô
ô˵ζܵӡ
ףôһʣȻعԼ˵飬үǲ뱻С֪
һʱ֮޲ҧԼͷúõģʲô찡
æĿڵûʲôҾô˳һ˵
˵껹ǺǵЦס
Ȼֺܿתƻ⣺Сǰʶľүʲôӵģ
ǰף覵ģҼģˡ
غԼͬķ˾
˵ʶͬһү
ף֪ǲţȻ̧ͷ˵ġ
Ǹʱ㶵ʲôɵ硣
Сʱܻɣ۸ûаְֻֻ֡Ըһ档
ף˵һһҴСкҵͷ۸ңˣǸСһ£ҴˡǸСԼˤȣ±˵ǸƵġ
ܶ˶úӻСʱ򲻶£˵ѣʵЩӣĴСͲʵСͰ޻ˡ
ֺӣǸ֡
ף˵ǸСкһ磬ʱͲ֪Ժ󣬾ͬĸкӣȥҸ鷳
ף˵ʱͣҶһüƺ뵽ʲôر𲻺õ顣
ȲʵȻأ
ĺܺ棬ǰһȻǶҪµľүǰʱʲôġ
ף覵ĺʲôסҵʱ͸һ𡣡
üʵһʲô˰ɣ𣿡
ЩСʱ򣬿ɲǲһŮӡʱ;үһһҲű۸ˡ
ף覵˰ҡҡͷ˵ʲôûп
һ㶣û뵽ġ
ףŤͷ˵ǵľү֪ЩҪʱ򣬵һʱ飬ȲǴܣҲǺЩ˶֡
-

181ʲôˣ

ʵǾүʱʲô
ף˵ֻǱңһһסҵ۾˵Ҫ£ҲҪ
ʱѾ߰ˣҲʼ¡
ʲôûΧáЩ˵ȭ󷢳죬ʹƺߣҲܲ³ʱʲô
ʵүʱֻ򣬲𣿡
ף˵ǰֻ򣬲֡ʱֻ뱣¶ҡ˱ңɵɵģʲô
üͷӻף覿еʶľүǲһˡ
һμүʱ򣬾
ʱ飬ǡһ󲡣һǮòүʱסһΪǮȥһЩŴҪˡ
һεǷծǸҪСͺ¿ʱһǮǲԸ⻹ʮԼʵʵͷĺܡ
ۿծ޾ҪˣүƼˣҪǮŴӣ˾ӲͷƤȥ
ǵõʱүϳŴӣһһһ㶼ү˺ݾ۾͸һ
үһ·ȥ˺üˡСͺ¿һүˣŹүʱҲӣ˵ֱӳСͺ¿ĹͷϾһӡ
֮үǻծݵһˡ
ҲǾôһڣүŰŴҪǱծŴóǮ˲˺ĵһʱ
Ǻݽǣʶηľү
СǸֻᰤͷ࣬пľүôմϱ߶
ף覵̲ס浱ʱߵүʱҲ̫۸ˣֻԽԽ֣
ף覵˵ʱ뵽ЩͲᱧңǻѡЩ˴ˡ
Ҳһ˰
һ㶣ʵʲô˼
ǲ׾үʱôɡңС˵ûʲôϵ
ף覵ٿȻһЦݣ֮ǰĲ죬Ϊĳһ飬ĳһ̼ɢһ
ΪʲôЦȴͷ˵ʲôˣ֪Ϊʲôôϲˡ
ϲҪϲϲκһжҪϲ
Ϊģȫ磬õһˡ
ף˵꣬ȥ˵߰ɣҲȥѲ֡ûʲôرȤ¡
ͷһۣԼؿ˵ڸߵķϣʲôϲģ㾡˵С򣡡
ף覸ղ˵ô벻ղ˵ľү飬˵ʲôɡ
С˵Ĺֻܸоһ֣Ǿǡˡ
үʱҲҺͱ˴ܡˣ
ѾȥҲ׷ȥһصĸ첲ʵСղ˵飬ûУ
سĬһ˲˵ˡ
һ㶣ʲôˣ
ؿһϵļ⣬˵Լ롣
ʲô˶ˣֻһףҪҪôСⶼ
ؿף覵ıӰ첽ȥ벽λá
ȻͷЦЦĻףΪʲôףôӵһˣϲˡ
ǻǺܰ䡣
ף覺Ǵӽͷһ·βȥߵһʱף覺ͻȻ뵽ʲôһĨЦ⣬Ҳ࿿˹ȥ
˲һǰͳһС档
֣мŶվš
Ϊֻж˵ġ
ǴΪ˳齱Ȼ뻨̫ǮԶԶԵмˡ
￴һۣǸΪ̫æµ߶ˣ
֮ǰף覸˵Ļ
֪ԼʮıǮ˴⣬ԾҪѧף覣Сʼ
һֱû뵽⣬ظСӡµʱ򣬸ӡµáһ齱Ķ뵽ķ
Ķȱ˱ˣЩ̰齱ˣ϶ͻĶ˵Ȼ򵥵ģҲǳɱ͵ġ
¿ľǶԵġ
㣡ףվһ
ո˶˹ȥһ붹ͷһۡףʱէȻЦ˳覣ҪҪһ𶹻
ǵףվŵʱȴԵһ㶡
ͷΧȹһǲ˲֣㣬Ҳ
-

182̫ӹ

Ų˵š
ף覵Цһʵ֮գôôӲÿһ棬һһư͡
վһԺ˵Ϊ಻˼ɡ
硭ʲôģ
ʱŵĻһתȥңȥʢ
һСŮ߿ˣŤͷһۣ˵˵ʲô˼ҲҪģ
غЦҪҲ˼ҸҼʲô
ף覾úеתǰ
һҭһʱͨ졣
ףһЦ˵ǰǵģģ˼ޱֱܺ־̵Ķ졣
ʱ붹˳˵˼ûλˣҪǲ⣬ͣվ԰ɡУ϶¥ҲУҵû˵ġ
ף覽ӹ˵лл㣬ǾԾˡ
վڽֱߺܿͳ˶
ݻȥʱףȴֺȻ˵˼ҵĶҪ˼Ҹɻȸְɡ
һ㶣ؿף覣ΪʲôҪ֣ҸǮ𣿡
ף覶ʱüԶ⣬ôֻǮ⣿㲻̫ӹ𣿡

ӹʲôϵ
˼ҵĶȻǮⲻ쾭
ôС˵͸о˸
ף˵㿴ôææһͷˣֻһˣҪҪµģæǺôҲʶ˼æ
Ťͷһۣһͷĺע⵽ߺ˵
ǡ̧ͷߣʱˣҲ֪ǳںߣǱʲôԭ˵ˣһ붹ѣ㲻ʲôòͷģ
˵ĸһֻСһüͷ
ɴؿӣ˵ǰæôڼҲֲ⡣
ף覵ĿĴɣ΢΢һЦ߰ɡ
ϵΧȹͷһȻعһ¡
תף覺ʵǶĶΪʲôֻ֣
ףȻ˵ҸģҪҡ
ֿʵأ
ңܿ˿ûһɣ̯˵֪ͼ˰Ҫ

ôҪһģЩʲôˣ
үղӦðصָͷˣ
ףصļ˵߰ɣȥβĳ齱Ǹʲô
صͷá
˾ôﳤȥһ±ơ
ͷһۣܾС¹̶㿪ߣȥտİ״롣
һߣѾ˺֡
³Ժ󣬲ûֱӽȥǴӿڴͳһ̡վڽֱߵ˻һԺ󣬼̵˵
ɫ̻űߣһЩմɫװϡ
ͷһüͷһ壬Ķ˶ţЩմװϵ̻Ҳ䵽˵ϡ
ǰ죬ֿе塣
Ů˿ڽֱߺơƣϵװڵġ
Ǵĺܱ¶ɿһ£ͷĺɫҲûܺúס
ǺվֵŮ˶ǳģȻҲͲں¶¶¶Ķˣ˵һˡֶΡ
壬ֻΪǰ죬ǵĿ˶û
ȵҹʲô̾˶ػһʱ֣ڱǵһ־
̵ʱվ߲
Ǿү֮ǰ˼һ̬
ϵ֧̣ͷ˵ϣ̧ŰͷϨȻһߣͰͷ߽һԵ
̧߽˺֣̸ȥ
үܼγϱĵͷߣһԲϾͶִˣǽϴ磬ȫһ㡣
ǵԭƻҲǴϴһ̸ġ
ǾүμСļԺȴѴүǿ̼˵ǷԷĲСɡ
˫ֲڶһǰߣҪǸҶ֣Ҿ͸ĳӡ
ǲǵϵģû¹
ԽߣŮ˾Խ࣬Ů˵ױҲԽԽŨҲԽԽ
żһŮ˴߹ҲһֿŮڶЦ
Ŀбӵǰߣ΢΢üͷ͸¶Ӷ
˴ŵӳ֣󵨵롣ǵֻûͱߵĿˡ
-

183Ҫ̫

üЩҪŮˣ˵߿̸ģŮ˵ģ
Ļ䣬ʹһԵĽֱ߳һˡ
˳һå࣬Ƥ۾Сü۵ġĹǼܺݣ°ͼ⣬һֻݺ
ںִһʱ˶ʶǲܼγϵ£йֵһ㶼
߽Ź˺üƣžžžعںֵԵֵļžտ
յǰЦ˲ðүߵˣƢ󡣾վֵĹûһ
ʵ
ü°˵ԣңҪҰµģһ硣
ֵطҵĺܣģôڡ
Դӿʼڲܼγ°ԺһֱòҲһԸ
ЦһھүǰҲеӰԼ£
ԳһƳ˵Ҫ̫ţСĵ˶ûԵʱ򣬱ץȥ
ǰһ䣬ҪǶھүǰűһ˲ܼγϣү飿
ȻŸռ棬ȴ˭ҲԷɫ
ﻹһǣ⻰һ°ĿǸ˳һѾסӣСӺܿ񰡡
ץסһѳǹֻҪ֪·ˡ
ĥƤ
ʱһֱվԱߵᣬ͸ֲͷܼγϵ£ֻʣֶˣ
һ㶣һڣϵϢʱ˲١
˹һۣѵүǵģǰҷ͵ġү;ү£ĵӵǲС
ղֻҪھүǰקһ£ʾһԼڲܴүǰĵλû뵽顣ôѣү;ү֮䣬Ҫ̸ġ
һۣϵƶʱһء
תȥ˵Ǹ
Źߡ
ЩϾưܵķӲһԽߣĽֵԽ¥װҲԽԽáﲢ￴ҡ
߽һСμˡĸ
طǽʵҹһȺŮһŤˣŽĵط
ûˣƹҲûܻ谵
һһˣԱ߻վĸĿˡ
ҲΪ̫еġ
վŵһϸεŮˣڶڿϵ趯Լ߻塣
ߵϵߣ˵үүִˡ
ܼγ̧һֻԱߵ˵ָһ޴ķνָԻ谵ĵطҲԵʮۡ
ȥɡܼγ϶Թ˵
Ųܼγϵ£̾˵һߡ
ܼγҲûлͷǱ˵үˣɡ
ߵͲܼγڵһ¡
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Ƴһۣûкȡֽ⿪װϵһӡ
ܼγ̧Լǰľƺһڣ˵μõһүҪϲһ
ܼγϵ˵ĻȴʮĲҪ
³֣á
ܼγЦЦ¶ݵǳİףֻǿŻеֵļ⡣ϣʱͻȥҧһڡ
ܼγ˸ɨϵİװһۡ
ôҲ
үлֱ˵
ܼγϳһ̣Աһھ͸˻
ܼγ³һڰƵﶢ˵үô⣬Ӧ֪̫ˣ׳Կͷĵ
ͷЦԿͷĶûµˣбµˣֻͷ
ܼγһ㶣һһ˻һ˵ûǾүǣ͸ҵĵֿ⣬̫ðɣ
Ťͷĵأ
ܼγ˵үǸˣӦ֪Щ飬عءү֮ǰѵûŪҲܼͿϵĵ𣿡
һ̧ڿл˻Ӳܼγϴȥղүô˵ֻҪҿҲҵˣ
ܼγϱĵҭ˻ȥһĬ
ܼγûģ˵֮ҪǿأǮ㶨
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184Ҷһ

ܼγһһִڿϣЦػ㲻ۣҿԽáۣأ¶㶨ˡ
Ҫǲأ
ϵĶûǿġ
Ϊ³˳أҲһ˲ٵط˲ٹأ˵ڱǮҵĵĵطˡ
ǰǲأ˵ػܼγϾô˳˵ĵ̣Ҫѵߡ
Ķʲô˶õ
֮ǰܼγϾ˵Ҫ棬ʱƵ죬ֻΪ˵ף覵˳ҵ
ܼγһⲻϵ̬ȣϵЦݽϵľƱصطŵ˲ϣһ졣
ܼγ϶۾ǱǣЩ飬˵ϾͲϵġ
Ҳһ̣һڡ
ּ̣ĵذѺصĽǵֺϣֺϡײûл֮ŵգòܼγϵüͷӽһ㡣
֪˼Ժ˵ҵĵأ˵㡣
Ȼǰ벽ˡ
䣬ܼγϱһȺˣͲԼͬΧһľ档
ȴûʲô飬ڿϣĽ
üͷһ壬¶˼ֵǡ
ǿѹͷߣܼγ˶࣬ǲܼγϵĵֲ̣űˡǵ˶˵ܼγϵԸ𺣬֮ǰү˵Ҫϴ磬Ϊ˷һ
սŵһʱ򣬲ܼγȴ̧̧֣ЩҪΧǵ˵ʲôǻԼǽֱߵåڿɶǽˡ
һֱûʲôһԺ󣬵ЦЦЦ͸¶ż̵ַζ
ܼγϿһۣ˵˵쿪ҵ
ѴĶһ١
ܼγ֪Լץں飬˵ǸŮ˽ʲôţף
Ҫ˵ףֵһ˲䣬ܼγһԼԴһյ˵ǲˡµ˵ǸףС㳤úܲ
̧ܼγϣƺɻʲôʱעף覵顣
ܼγЦ¾ү첻һ˸ءû뵽үæþүæ֮гʱһȥμļʣŮ˶Ծү˵ӦͦҪİɣ
û˵ֻŴıȸղŸһ㡣
ܼγϸܵԼĵ⣬Ƶ˵үģҲŮ֡
ǡܼγϵĻһתµ̫࣬Ҳùܣû¾ϲȥʲôġҪһʱûۣȥôһ֣žүŮˣͲ̫˰ɣ
еݵ˶֪ܼγǰϻģܶŹ飬ߴûٹ
ܶ˶ϲܼγϴ򽻵Ȼӻʹ⣬Ʒûвܼγôӣ治
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ܼγһавԲùЧͰһУҲϡ
ܼγϡ
һֱɫһڣֱ֡
ⱻ˽Լֵ֣̯˵
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Ѵһӣ˳ǰײ˲ܼγϷϵľƱûľƸŻ˻Ρ
ǰ㣬һֻſҧס˲ӵҰޣҪǸҶһ£ŲҰ˺ˡ
ܼγϵüͷһ壬ѵñ˷вүС
ɭɭصԡֻҪһͷ˿Ҿ°뱲Ӷ˰ӡ
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ܼγֵһŭΪգǸŮ˶Ծү˵ĺҪղ˵ʲôүңһᵽүˡ
ֱ𱳼ȥǿƵѹ˵үҪ̸⣬̸飬ҿԸ̸үòҪ˵¡
ܼγͷ򴽣ôһ˵ĶǸŮ˼ֺˡ
˵ȥ֡
˵Ӧ֪вңǺð취
ܼγֵ̯뿴үжǿӲѡ
ˣе㲻öԸ
ȻҲ˵ôõĻǰֱӰ˴һ٣ΪֹҪĵˡ
·ŵϣͲһˡ
ҪӲȫԶְŪɡ
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185´Т

ݲܼγ֪ǿطȱǸӶˣ绽꣬˵ֻ죬Ȼ汾µġ
в飬ʱвһҲˡ
̬ǿӲģûӣܰ¡
Ŀǰܼγϲͻ
һ˫۾ؿŲܼγϡ
ĿϬҪӲܼγϿʲôߡ
ܼγͷ˶ǻӭĿ⣬ƦĲС
Ųܼγ˵үү⣬ҵ⣬ɵһֱǲͬеûбҪֳʲô졣үôͻȻϳ˳ˣôҪҸأ
ܼγ⣬һƬչġ
ԺһΪģƫĵطǲܼγϵĵ̡ܼγϾҪչҲӦڳǱţôͻȻ쵽ǵĶߣ˳˳۵⣿
¶򵥡ܼγҪǿأһʲôرԭ
̰һ仰̫̫ŲûŪܼγҪصԭ֮ǰû̸
ο˳۵ĲֿԺһһʺܷû׳֡
ڲܼγҪǿأأ
ܼγ̧֣ɫһĴָĥĥԼָͷ
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ΣܼγϷ֣Ϊһܣ˵ҲûʲôҰĶҪں߸һ׷ӣû¶Ϳһˡ
Ჱӣ˵ۿǸ̵վҪˣһԲżҾүء
һ̣ܿĵؿɲ١үû˵ΪʲôҪѡϵһء
ܼγϴȻΪһ羰á
ЦһǲүǸТˣְĵĶҲǧټƵغ忪ġ
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ڵһƬҲǲܼγϴӲϽ̹ġ
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ŲܼγϣЦүҪϸ׾ТԺɵһ㡣ȻТ˳˶󣬲֪ĻΪǶһ͵ϸ׵Ķ˼ء
ճȭͷߣûסЦ
ү֮ǰͲ˲ܼҵ顣ܼγϵ߸ЩŮҲ˸ϸΪľһ֪֪ˣս
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ܼγϱԺ˺һŹԼı顣
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ܼγϵĴָĨĨ촽ɫҪǿأҵ˽ɣҲܸ㡣Ҳ֪ҲѵңҲû˼˭ҲֲҺá
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ܼγ˵ղ˵˾˵İ취£Ƕˬ㣬ѡһеģܹ˶İ취ظ˭ô
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رҵģҵһдҲҵ֣ΪʲôҪ㾺ȨѵҲӦүǿ𣿡
ܼγ˵ǿڣɧһҲǶѡүҲϣԼĵطԺһֱмëƤСķɣɧžүĵطǴҪģǿطҰɣ
˳۵ĵǲֿģҲֲ顣￴ţ³¡
Ͳһˣһʳ֡
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Ҫζô֣ˣԺ˭ȥ
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ұǲܼγϵĵ̣첻飬Ҳ㡣첻飬ҲԺ㡣
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186µ֮

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ҪѲܼγϷǲܵģ˱ף覣¡
ܱסף覣ȴһܱס
ܼγУܼҲܶġǺܹá
̸Ȿ̽һ̣̽ҵһ˫ƽ㡣
ܼγڲϵ̽ĵߣ֪ƽ֪ô̸ֺ˳۵顣
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ܼγֵ̯үǸҲûָƾ⼸仰סүһ̸׵飬ͲҪŪߵ˶ķˡ˵أ
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򵥡
ܼγһԼͷǰͷһƦƦӡ
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187ǵͷ

ƺȹԺ󣬿տյıӾͱŻϣصóһ죬Բܼγϵһʾ
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ѾʼˣܼγҲԸ˺ϵľƾǸɡ
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ľһֱܾˣ֮ǰ˲ҪƴƣܼγϵҲӴ
ƲܼγϵǸ˵ľѾǺܲˣƽһ׵ȥ·ȵĺܡ
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ܼγôҪõǿأȻǻѡԼƵһѡȣԼջʤôĸƽ
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ƽõĶ
֮ǰЩҲǽˣ˵İˡ
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188

ף˵㲻һ첻˾𣿾͵ҸæºҪͺӳйءҵþ
һ㶣ӳ֪ĺ衣
ǰףһµʱ򣬾ͷעӳ졣
ף覴Աߵһ񣬱һ˱ŵϣһֻġ˲ϷƵ졣
ף覶˵֮ǰҺЩ˱￴˵⣬һֱûʱ
ǰִһص˲
˲ķҳдż֣ۡ
ף˵ȷ԰ԺҾҪؽ۳飬ڿȷǣӳһ۳ǮһΪ֪Ĵ
ʵҪҰ˱汻˶Ǯ
ף覵˵ͷҪ֪ӳŲõǮж󣬲֪ȥԺôԸӳ컹к۳˺ʡ
ɨһ϶ѻ˱˵¶ӵĺܣ˾ˣ˼ˣЩĿǿԲһһ˵ģ¶÷ϵ㹦ˡ
ףһԵ˵Һһ㡣
˻һЦôҾүһ㰡ͺӳӦҲԸɣǶѾˣ㣿
ף観һ֧ʣһ˲ͷ˵ΪѾ˺ܶˣڽú÷չΪܵˡҵȻ鷳һ㣬鷳һ㡣
ü˵ޣǲ»鷳ġԺҪģô֣
ףһ㶣̧ͷء
ʵôˣ˵Ĳ𣿡
֣ףɻʵ
˵ʲô
ףգգ˫ۣأûйϵֻǶϰΪԷһѡ
˲ϣزŻ֡
ز֪˲ϣܶԼ֪˲ĴڣԼĵذˡ
Уƺһˣرһ˱ӵһߣ˵һҵ˰ɡ
ף覵ͷˡ
ܰҲ֪˶á
ͷˣһҲûȥһ
һֱʱ֣ף覶ӶˣŶıʣ̧ͷ˵ȱˣȥԵ㶫ɡ
ֱӺ˳Է飬üȱ˵ˣղǱˣ𣿡
ף覵˵ͷ
ͷҲ̧ض֣ҡ
ף覰Լһ˵˹ȥ
صףǿ˲һǰ㣬ףһ磬Ҳֻ屾˲ѣֱߵ˲ȴѾм׳ۡ
ؽӹף˱һףȦַ֣Ա߰˱˲
֣һһ˶üͷĸˡ
³һ˵ˡ
ףһ㶣Ķλվ
æƹӣߵʵȫˣ
šذϵıȵطŵϣף˵ӳĵӣ±Ҫ󡣡
ôأ
ףżʵĽǶ٣
ذϵֽų˳ݵףǰͷȥβصĹ㡭򡣡
򣡡ף観һһѳϵֽһ
˵صĹ㣬ЩǮ̯ÿµĺأרŲˣǿġ
ף覲ŵ˵ӳŲú۳ôǮĳıӵ
ѹֺӳ֮ǰҪź۳Ϸ֣ôһĿҪǱͱ潨ҵǰӳˡ
ıµ治С
ôĿգӳɫú۳ˡ˭֪֮⣬ЩһЩʲô顣
һ˲˵ôˣ˲覣Ů˲򵥡ԺҪɵôСģҪԴ
ף覰ϵֽԽץԽԲԴ˵׼¸õĵģǺӳˡ
ʵҪ˲Ըˣ˱ǰⲻӳġû֤˺֤ݣӳԴϡ
ף򴽣˵֤˻еġ
ûУԺؽҾͻˡ
ƾڣѾĿ⣬Ҳץס˺ӳһѱ
ܹúãû潨ҵǰúõӳһܹһºӳҵĵλ
ֻڱǣһʱ첻ˡ
-

189иƨ

ףϵ˲˵ˣѾˣһˣҲԵ㶫ɡ
ף⿴һۣѾϦˡ
ãȥɡ
ƽʱЩͬĴһ㱡Ľɫů̻
ͷβһʳζףᣬоӶؽ˼
ֵСԣף覶ʵʲô
һָ˵Ǽţɡ
ף覵ͷ˵á
߽ţĹһҪһţ档
ҵţ涼ֹģܾҪһ
ĽֵϿһۣ߳ӣף˵ҳȥһˣϻ
ף覾ڵȡһڵţˡ
ףһҲǡɻˡ
ݵϰף˵СæҪʲô飬˵һĽ
ĺˣȻǶкôҲǻݻ
ף覶΢΢һЦϰͻصˡ
ף覴ӿͲһ˫ӣݸأʵղżҴҵأȥĶˣ
˵ȥβһۡ
ףʵʳ齱
صͷ
ףʵôˣ
˵ʱֱһ˵һҶʱͶˡ֮һӣʱˣû֡
ף観һڵţ棬ʵгأ
Ӧøӵ˰ɡ
˵Сʱ֮ǰҲˡнһ裬˵ߵʱгЦĺϲ£졣
ףһЦðû¾Ͱྡ飬ǵﴫĸ졣
غسһ棬˵˵֮ǰһ϶û˳󽱣Ҫǵĳ齱ˡ󽱽ӶسҶɵۡ
̧ͷףһۣ㵹ܷŽȥ󽱡
ף˵⵱Ȼ÷ģѵĿǲɵӣҪƭǣ͵ڳԼ
ûˣƨ⡣
ףʵڻʣʲô𣿡
غһ̸˵ղһµǼԱڳ齱Ŀֻʣ²ų齱ˡʣһȽڡ
Ϻֱףʵڽβ˻𣿡
˵Ҹղȥʱ򣬻ʮˡҪҪٽ˹Ķһ´ңڽϵ˻١
ףҡͷ˵ˡЧѾﵽˡ
ʣµһȽٶų齱ֻһβ
һγ齱ֶԣų齱ҲֻԾˡ齱ûһ˳ĴζУҲͷˡ
ֶżȼһξ͹ˡ
Ҫһصĵ㣬Ҷƣ͵ġ
ԺֻٰҲ˶ˡ
һ齱Ҫǽ鲻꣬Ҳûϵ
Ƭ̣ף̧ͷ˵ȥɡ
һ㶣԰˻ˡ
˺ܿţ棬ȥĶС̡
һϴ룬ԹԵһߣЩ˼ؿ
ףദģͦ
ôȫˣ
ҲԸ񰡡
ף覶һͷֱһƬ죬Ǳʲôˡ
ף߽ʵ㣬ˣ
Сشף覵ĺһŤͷȥ
һĨһֱŵģҨˮʱԼˣôһ顣
ͷǸε˵Բס⣬ȴҸһĻ
ף覿˵ǰڴһ𿪷ݵʱ򣬴ûйⰡǲ̫ףˣ
Ĩһˤ˵Ҹû׹ӱҪСҲһ£ǸͰ÷Ͱѹ̵ˮˣ
ʱŵò֨ˡ
ףҲˤĨһ˲䵹һ
ؿϵĨһۣ˵ڵӾͦ׵ġҺܻղûж˽﷢Ƣ
ף򴽣ͻȻıƢӣԼĺǣĿеżˡ
ףһ£˵㱾Ÿ磬ɵĶǴ¡Ҫǲæͣͻظ߾ͺˡ
ף˵꣬Ѹٵؿһۣ㣬أ
ҲһСصͷУе
иƨӣܸɵ˻
-

190

Ĵɤһ𣬶ʱһֻСһ˲ӣʼɪɪ
ƵؿʵǣôҸʲô
ŵͷ̧ˣϣСֹңҡҡ
ǿСһ˴ԲˣӵĻ𣬲֪﷢
Ľͣһ
˫ֽǰʵвû´
ף覺Ȼһ
ŤͷϵŭƽϢһ㣬С㡣
ףʹ˸񣬡ҳһ£л˵
һۣ⿪ϵΧȹף˳ȥ
ߵǰ˵˶ˡ
̧ͷһۣЩ޹Ĳ֪Լ粻ˡ
⿴һۣΪ˲˵ߵԶһЩ
ػعͷ˵³Ѹһ仰С䲻ңŭ䲻Ҳֻ̫ûġףѾôˣȴһֻһʲôֻ˳ܡǶɣϣܸ¸һ㡣
ֱߣף覶˵ҪǲϲһͲҪˡ飬Ҷˣûпǵǵ顣ұΪǻ࿴ˣҪǡ
һĬ
ף˵ĵСһױŵԺٺ˵ʱ򣬾С㡣
˵С㣬治ףô˳Ǹӣǻ𣿡
ף￴һۣǲ񣬵㳤׳ǰ˴Ķˣ׳˷Ƣĵ׵Ȼ¡
һ㶣ʲô˼ʲô˴ˣ
ף˵飬ǰ޵Ǹƹһ쵽Ҳʲô¶˾ʹ˻Ժ󣬲ǵġ޹ˣұڷƢЩ£ѵ𣿡
ĵӰ
ҲΪñȽϽ׳ҲΪͱȽǰŻʱµĿ־
ˣ֪ЩףҪ֪ԸԶ޷ֿ־ġ
һ㶣ٶŤͷ񶼶˼ͬ顣
ô˵ȷʵͦ׵ģСرչһ
ף覶˵ƢҲȷ̫ʺϸһദ㻹ǻ߰æɣߵһῴŴ
ϻˣǻҪ𣿡
ף˵ȻͦģʵҲܸɣûôⲻֿʼʰ̨ˡ
Ťͷ￴ȥȻ̨æˡ
ͷһ䣬ֻûأϹæʲô
ף覿һۣЩ궼ǸߵģµķҲһ㡣ҾͲΪˡ㻹ǻظߣæɡ£Ҳ̹һ㡣
ƤӶ˶ƺʲôҪ˵ԥһԺȴֻ˵һ֣ǡ
ף˵ղŸ˵Щͬ㣬ֻԺ˵ʱ΢һ㡣
˵֪ˡ
ף˵ˣǻȥɣҲһҴȥ顣
һ㶣ھҪ𣿡
ףһЦô㻹ͻȻ᲻
ӹıֱĿǰӲ˵Ҿǿһæ
ף˵õģԵġߣҪ顣
˵꣬˽ȥ
վ̨߿ǣеġ
ף覶˵㣬ǻҪæҾȴ
ͷ˵ţû¶߰ɣѾһˡллǡ
ףֶʹ˸
ػ⣬һ뿪ˡ
ףֿ̧һ۱ϵʱ䣬ڲ㡣
İȽϳ컹ﻹһֻ·ߵؽš
뿪ԺʵС㣬Ҫʲô
ף˵׼Ұ칦簡Ҳ׼ҪѲʱء
ЩС̻ӱĵطģΪ˽죬Ҳ˲ٵʱ͹򣬵ȻҲһЩĵġ
˳ҵҲæһ죬ȻҪúõһЩˡ
칦磬ֻĹҲҵĹǶԴҵһֹҴδϣһְ취
˵ˣҲһĵİ취⾭ôöġ
-

191ٵ

ף覰Դ˵ߵԺ󣬾Ϳ֪̻ͨǹ峡ˡ
칦ŵ㿪ʼߵ뿪ʼ峡㣬һСʱЩ̻׼á
صͷ֪ˡ
ߵףԣʵ칦Ҫ죿
ףǰָָǰһ㳡ѾˣԲꡣȣС졣
ǰĵطһĴ㳡ǸطܴҲƽ̹ƽʱҲǴ´ࡣ
ʵκͷôţ
ף˵㳡칦ҪõΣʹӾͽᡣڷˣòٷ֮ǰѾˣ˵Ժ󷹲˾ͻ½͹ġ
һ㶣ˣ
ףʵʲôֵģ
Щ˶һˣһҪǺú÷һ¡
Ҫæ칦磬ǻʲô칦磬ǲ
˵С㶼źˣҪʲô
ף˵һľˮ㸺һ£ʮ̻ܺȵپƣ֤ˮ㲻ܶϡ
ظף覱֤У°ϡ
ףŤͷ˵Ʒ͸㸺ȷÿһĲ˶١ԱҲ˶һ£Ҫȷÿһ̻ˡ˭ˣһҪѰԭ򡣡
ף覵ư£ʱܿ͵ߵ롣
һڣ̾Ⱥˡ
֮峡ǻȥЩˣҲ뿪ˡ
峡Ժ󣬴ҶֺǺǵذѵĴ㳡ϰᡣ˵ʱ֮ǰõķˣͱóˡ
Ͳ˵ˣǴ¥ľ塣
ЩˣҲǴ¥Ʒˡ
³Ժ󣬾ֱȥף覣һ֮ǰѾµĲ˵
˵˵ʽ涼ѾעˣС˶һ¡
ף覲ݲɨһۣŵȥ˶ˡ
վԭأԺʵ˶ȵ𣿡
˵ǣһ˹˺͹̣Ȳ˵ڶ͵СģȲǵʱ򶼻װõ֤͵ʱ򣬶ȵġ
Ϊ¥мһξ룬Ϊ˱ⷹ͹ʱˣԺرһ
ףʵڶķʲôʱ͵
˵ٹʮӣᵢСİŵģ
ףЦЦ촺¥Ҳæ˰ɣ
¥һֱܺãڻһ׼ôķˣЩ´¥æ
˵ӦĹСôðס
ףһҾͷˡڶķͲ͹ˣش¥￴Űɣٲ㡣
壺ǣС㡣
µ˺һ˶˵ͻȥˡֹʮӣӦȲҲڰȫ˹
ҲѾź˴Ҫȵľˮ
ʮԺЩѾõ̻ҲȺ㳡Ͼۼ㳡ֵĺܡ
Ϊףڹ㳡ļϲ˵ߣеڹ㳡ţԼѾˣ㳡ҲȻ
ȻͷһȤ飬Ǿǹμ칦ЩС̻ǣٴЩԼĳʳָҡ
ѾкܶԵˣǻظÿһһЩԼĶһ
ͺñǵģϷһǣôһ𳢳÷ģҲÿ˶ʢһ÷
Һ񶼲ĺͱ˷ԼĶ
в˻ذԼĳԵķָף覡ף覴ûоܾ˭ֻҪܹõ˵ģЦˡ
̻񣬱˵ʲôֵ顣
ֵǣЩ̻СͳԵģΪֺǴ׽ϲԼͳȥʳﱻ£ǶԾһĪ顣
ûһϾͶСĶ
ЩԵĶŵֱߵһſϣֿ̧һʱ䡣˵ʮ˷֡
ףü
ɨɨЩӵȹڣڴҵעгֿȥ
վҹﲢֵĽͷף쳤Զ
ƺǾԼĲԶ˽ż⡣
ˣûг֡
ף覵ɫһߵѵ覣ʱˣÿˡ
ף覻ͷһۣ㳡ϴҶѾΧһ£ʼྐྵˡ
˲ʱף￴һۣƺڵ硣
칦ģȻȲҲѾˣûȶӣǺܲõġ
Ѿŵˡ
ףҧٵġ
Ѿŵ㿪칦磬ҲȷشӦ˵һ
Ϊʲôٵأ
-

192¼

ף覼ǵãСʱһӦһֻ糵ڼȡȶˡһͻȻ˴꣬ðŴ꣬ڻﴧһֻ糵ˡ
ʧš
ףüǲǳʲôˣ
˵ȿɣˣΪ˵磬һ۵ġһ˶ˣǱ߳ԱߵȡҲǱʲôסˣҲġ
ͽպľүô׳¡
覾ǹҡΪ̫ˣԾǳٵС飬ﶼرŴ
ף覵ͷһ䣬ԭ칦ϣҺúýġ
һҪܸԼ
˵׵ֻףǼˡЩͨͨʶòܡ
˵ϵİ취Ƕǽ
ΪȫѪ֤ȫһ档
ʧԼˡ
ѾӦõʱʧԼˡ
ףתӽֿ߻˹㳡ˣɡ
ӽֿ߻ع㳡̵ܶһ·ףѾԼ飬¹һЦʼŴЦ
վڴ㳡ǰ棬˼ȤĿϯ֮ǰĻ˵һ¶δף覾ôҿˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ڿбӣһ֧Դ۾ƺС¡
ǰϣѾյİ׾ƿ
ЩͲܼγϵս
վüͷѾšһ
һ磬һ˹˵Ҳ
ǿɲͨ׾ƣӴ
ˡʵ
ֿ̧һֱ˵үѾŵˡ
ԭʱԺ󣬺Ȼ˲١
۾˵ڸÿ칦ˡ
һ㶣үôˣȥ
ȥӻܺȣߣ
Ѿ˲ڿϵĲܼγϣһ˵ĶԻͶغ
һ˵˵ֽŶ
үүСġæߵǰ浲ţ²ܼγϴӿˤȥ
Ƴ˲ܼγһۣʵ㻹Ҫȣ
ܼγ˫شϥϣŤͷ˵СүһûأҾЪһ
ܼγ϶ĹǺ䡣
˸ղŶȵͷ˭ûк¡
ֻƵĺˣ˭ǺѣжҲǺǿԣгϢ
ǲܼγҲû뵽Ȼܺȣ
첻ˣܶôһǫǫӣ˹˹ĵġ
ߵľ־Ʒõˡ
ܼγָž˵ҪôҺȵҪôҺ£Ȼ뿪֣
˫ЩҲΪƾͷˣ˵עҲѼС
УǼȡŤͷ˵ȥҸ¶˵һ첻ȥˡ
һ㶣үҪһ
Ҫ߿ˣүô죿
Ƴ˲ܼγһۣ˵үѾ˵ҪұȾˣʲô顣ҽ£үڵϾǰˡ
ܼγһԼһڰˮͷĹһɤӡ
ߴٵȥҵʱûгӻżġϢٻˡ
վԭһ˵ǡ
תߣܼγ۽ǵƳһۣһĨЦ
ҹԺĺֺͰȫͬһɫȮݺݺƼ
ֵĺܣһܻвںȾ裬ǰ̨ϣҲվŮˡ
ֻҵĻʺЩױעˡ
ף覺ػһһ
ΪûлһֻˣԵЩա
ϯϴҶֺǺǵسףһȴЩơغٶ˼ڲˣףӶû
ԺϾͲЦݡ
ʮӣǲӰ֣ףĵ׵ĵҲԽԽŨ
ڣף̲סʵȥĶˣ
Ŀӣ֧֧ģ
ף˵ʱǵĸı飬Ҫһ뿪һ֪ǽȥĶˡ
˵С㣬ˣҾǸžүϰˣûʲôĲĵġʵҲ֪үҪȥ
-

193Ҹ

飬ʵڲһ˵ѵˡֻǺĵط̫УֱܲӸСүȥ
ĵЩģȴҲġ
ΪҲ֪ܼγĵͷߣԾүʲô
ףʵѵͲĸ𣿡
үأһѲС㲻̫ġ
ףʵǲһأ
һ㶣ˡ
ֲܽ顣
ֲ֪ȥĸоף覸оܲá
ףһʵȥĶˣ
룬˵С㣬ҿԸүȥ򣬵ܲȴӦңҪᣬᡣ
ԡף覸ɴ˵
үȥˡ
֣ǲǡػæɲסףһۣû˵֡
Ѿˣʱȥ֣顭覻ô밡
µˣæ͵ǲǣү
ȥܼγˡף˵
һ㶣ؿף覣С㣬ô֪ģ
ף˵ǺԱ඼ǲܼγϵĵ̡
ȥ֣һȥܼγˡΪûôĶ
̲סʵһ㶼ȥ
ֵطС
һȥ˵ȥ̸ģûм˻Űɡ
Ҹ硣ף˵
Ϊš
ֻԲܼγϵ˽ʵޣ֪ʲô顣
ףŤͷʵΪʲô
˵үڳ˳µĵأܼγͻȻ˵Ҫ
ܼγˣ˵Ҫǵ㲻Ҿ˼ˡ
ܾôܼγЭ
Ҫ׽飬ͱͲܼγϻһ档
ף観ˣô̸һ컹
ʱһͣ˽ֱߡ
ףһ۾ϳĳϲ̴֮࣬վֿȥҲ˹ȥ
ףֿڣȴֻӳ
ףһۣûˡ
أ
˵үе黹û꣬ʱزתС㲻õģúõؿ칦硣
ף覵üͷһ˫۾
м飬һĭԺ˵С㣬ү벻ˣңȹȥˡ
ãһȥɡף覿˵
һĸ첲覣ǵطȥġ
ףʲôļͥңɺ־һƬףҵĽ̻ǴףҵŮմȾЩġ
ף˵֪Լȥʲôط
һ㶣˵С㣬ⲻ̫ʰɡ칦绹ҪأҪˣ칦粻û˼𣿡
Ҫ
үģ˵ġ
ҪǰСȥүͷԴ
ף˵칦ذҿš
һĬ˵ү̸ĵطʺȥ
ףѾȥ˵֪Ķûʲôʺϵġϳһȥ
ȥôˡ
ȥȻеΣյģǴֵ˸ȫһ㡣
ףִӳ˰ͷأ칦ƺ󡣡
˫ֲüҪȥ
ף˵ҵȥ硣
ʵʲôһ˶ܽģȥѵܽ𣿡
ף˵Ҳùȥ
ǺʲôˣҪˣȥ
ͷʵô£
ü˵һ仰˵ϳɣ·˵
˵ţҲ˸ʻλá
оԼͷʹˡ
һֲҵʱ䣬Ҳ˳˳ӡ
һ·ףͣ¡
ף覴򿪳ţ󲽵شӽֿ˽ȥ
һҲҵ׷ȥף覱һЩռ˱ˣǱʲôɧš
ףһ֣·߾Ͳʱ˳Ͷ
ǵϸϣϡ˶ڡ
߻ˣһԵĲǣףѾ˴ڨˡ
һΣѾǵ·ˣһ·ףȥ
˵㵽ʮ֮ҹֵʱףһȥŴĸ
ĴһɾƾѬζŮпһ𣬾ֹ˵ӡ
ף覻һڴĿߣһ˰Ů˵ȹӵ졣
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194Сı

ֻǼݵһۣջԼߡ
ף覵ɫеѿȻѾ׼ˣۿЩԡ
ʺɫȮĳԲһ˴ҵע⡣˶ʼ￿һ׳ŵǰ˵СǸɡ
ǾҹлһĶǵһγ棬ʲôŮˡ
ף覵ֱԽҲǳġ
Ǹ˻뿿ͱһƿˡ
ѹǽϣͷ߾Сĵ㣬ܶŮˡ
һӻңȻ߿ˡ
ףָ˸򣬡С㣬үǱߡ
ףŤͷһģҲǿ̨Ŀ߷ֻһ˲ɫˡ
ɫҲüرѿ
һֱۣô£
ֳС㿴ˣͶͲˡ
Ҳɵģǣ磬ߵʱ򣬾үһ˰
ôһСү߾ͶһŮˣ
ڿϣһŨױĨķŮڵԼĸ첲ơӣǺ޲ϡ
ΪӭϿ˵ĳһЩжҪĵƹⲻǺ㣬ԶͿı顣
ǸŮÿһƣԥؽӹˡ
ף覵ɫһ̧˹ȥ
ŵ£С㣬ʲôᣬү֮ǰһֱԼԼģ
ܼγϴԺĵ׾ʹ⡣
߽ĺֵģȻܶʲôľӵϻǿԵġ
ûԱ߶ˣҪھﶯֽţͼ򵥶ˡ
ܼγϵȻҲ͹ȥ
ǳĵͷߣͷǲԼġ
Ҫǳ˳۵ǿء
оԼͿҪȲˡ
ÿһƿƶֵֿģڿ֮ǰʲôֽŵġ
ԲܼγŮȣԻҪȵ͵㡣
ֻҪŮܷߣǾͿԳûľӵ㶫
ŮŬʮӣÿҪԼĴסߵʱԥزͷԱƿļƻʧܡ
ʮˣҲûܵסߣܼγһľҩĻᡣ
ݹȥľƣȴÿһȵĺܸɴࡣ
ܼγһԵȻᶼȵе㲻ͷˡ
ݺݵصŮһۣͲ۵ˡ
Ůһҧ飬ǿˣɲںﹷ簡
ģ뵽һ취Բܼγ˵үǾôȾƶû˼Ҹһ˰ɡ
˼˵ɣֵġ
ŮŤվ׼衣
Ȼôɵģû߳һͽŻ˹ȥ
ŮĺܺãֻҪɢүעһСܰҩ½ȥˣ

һŮûԸ˵ϡ
һֱֻ֪֣ӰƵһߵĿˤ˲ܼγϵϡ
ܼγϵˡ
Ůæվеܣү
üͷͿ͸ŮϷ룬Ҳû뵽ͻȻðһ˰Ůƿ
̧һסˡ
վǰģ¶
ΪȾͷ۵̫Ѩ
ѵĺȶˣѾȵĳֻþˣ
ߵ࣬үСҪġ
һǺȶ˳ֵĻþ
ףĿվڲܼγߵŮˣɫҲûְϷҲҪ׼ˤҪǸϵķŪ·СԺ䵥˱
̫棬ҲҪղ˵һҲԲֻһССв
ʲôҲϿ
Ůף覵һŵɫˡ
ղף˵ֵʱ˶оҪŮʲôһ
סˡ
Ҳסˡ
һȦ˶ף˵Ļסˡ
ʲôһСһɵŮˣôôף
ԣôôǿ
һֳԴе㻳Լ۾
ô£ĺȶͷ
Ϊʲôо¶ܲһ
ܼγ϶ؿǰͻȻֵģһȹӵŮˡ
ŮͦȤġĺãáԸȻ̫ãûϵΪһ˱Ȳϵŵ㣬ɾ
ֹ͸ĸɾ
ͺŮ˲һĸɾ
-

195Ŀ

ܼγϿף覣ζʵ˭
ְ̧ףԼһӵҵˡүòŶʡ
һֻʳԵԼȨֲַ档
ܼγһȻŶ~λףС㡣
ƴžƶ˻ȥλףС㴫ţôšҿŮ˶صӣñŮ˿һ㣬֪Ĺϵһ㡣
ˣӦþصλףСˡ
ܼγϲò۹ֶΣôϳ˵Ů˶¡ͬʱܼγЩϧŮˣζţܶŮˡ
ף覵ͷڿƽΪʲôô˻ȥ
ȾơԼࡣ
ףϵһֻƿ˿Ӵ
ϻкü˵ƿӣֻȵһľơüͷ壬ϴֻ˰ͷ˺ܾá
ͷƾȥˣͷ
ף覲ɵŤͷһ۲ܼγվŵǸŮޱʵϲģ
ҡҡͷϲŮôԸ¶ȡ
ְԼһ㣬˫֣һ˵ͷۣ£һ¡
үҪǲе̫´ˣۿԼͱŮһȾƣС㻹ܹԹԵүĻҲ
үȻҪ
СҪܴӦǿ׵Ůˡ
Ů˭ؽ
ȻףԼж֤˽
ףҪԺ󣬾ȻĹԹ£סˡͷЩǲµͣ覾ͷԼļϡ
ļϣͲˡһԵĺһֻſͷĴ󹷹ףҲĲ񻰡
ļϱĿϵ㣬оԼͷ۵֢״˲١ȵؿף覣ǻС㿴үŮһȾƻ֣û뵽ǵĵĸǶġ
СϵŮ
ܼγϿ״΢΢һ㶣ˮһŮˣ͸ղ˵ҪŮŮˣͬһˣ
ֵط˶ʮľףŮˣҲҪһ޶ϵֵͷһ£һŮ˵ıְɣ
ôôԣèԣ
˿˶̲סҪԼԿǲҲôֹԡ
Ȼܼγ϶ӵԸ񣬺ܿðһܻ뷨
ܹƻŮ֮Ĺϵ
ôŮˣŮ˺һżʱкϷˡ
ܼγϲʲôʮһ׮飬ֻϲˡ
ܹ˵Ȼõġ˳۵ˣЩ飬˲Ҳ
ͺһ
ܼγһͰǸŮԼĻ
Ů˺ߵĽһү
Ůʼ䲻ֵߣȫ˼ʲôڵĳϣںԼ
ܼγЦЦŤͷף˵ףС㣬Ƣ̫ð˳ȵƣŮ棬顣òôƢɣүĿģѵ𣿡
ףŤͷüͷܼγʶԼ
ܼγϼ˵µ˭ϲһʵģүҲˣżһԼҲǺףСֻҪڼúõص˻ȥˣɲĵط
ܼγֵĵط̫ˣһ۾ܿף覾Ǹ
ܵȻ򶨣ÿÿһЩ󵨵Ļ棬лǻ¶־
ҹĶ˵Ůˣǲֳеȵġ̫ɾˣĴžƾζĵط͸롣
ܼγ˵һչ˺þүˡףСȥɡү湻ˣһȥġ
ܼγϵĻ˵Ķôܽء
⻰Ů˵ĶڷʾǸƵأĲһС
ܼγϴ¶
޲¶ӦԲء㲻ף覵Ĺϵ仵ӰһҲǺһ׮
ɿף覵ļͷĿ񣬲Ӧ
ܼγƳһۣүĵ
ʱȻҲżŽͣ
ף覵һֱıţһһ˳ıûµĸо
ܼγϵĻĺ촽ϵĶҲһ͡
-

196ʨӴ󿪿

оԼֲˣŻ۾̧ԼԴ
ŶỳġΪ¶˭˽⡣
۾Ѿ𰸡
գգ۾˸λã¿ϡ
еۡ
ף覵ͷ˵ǾЪһᡣ
ף覵ĺϣÿһ¶ĵĺᡣ
ܼγϿȫڵСӣüͷ
ôţүĻǷƨأ
ˣףôҲ
ʱף覺Ȼ˲ܼγϣղ˵Ļ˻Ӧ
үҺĹϵΪҪ̵Ķࡣʲô飬ҲҪְϷҪŮˣҲԲѡŮˡ
Ӹղ𣬲ܼγϾһֱڰʾŵ顣
Բܼγûкôͼʲô
ܿ죬ף覾ˣͼʲô˾ϲ£
ܼγһ㶣ףһŮˡ
һֱ̫ϲŮˣƭ
ܼγʵףС֪ʲôط𣬾Ȼ͸ô
ףƳһۣһˮιҸ类ҵȻù
ܼγ˵ҿûйϵǾүԼԸġ
ף覵ͷſԼͷˣüͷ壬ƺе˯ˣʵͷ
ףһֻ硣
š
ף覷ЩзӦĻǺ
ܼγüͷȴһ壬ã
ǿǿԷҲ񰡣ҲһѵʵǱãҪһν֮ǿɾ̫̼ˣ
ףƳһۣǣֻôѡ
ܼγһĨЦƺ˼ˡ
үͺҲ࣬ҲҲүˣһ¡
һԵɫʱͳܼγϱƽһΧҲʱΧ
һСоүģÿСоү硯ʱ򣬶Сرᡣ
ܼγⲻڹȻϷү
ԣԷ˶ڣץסĸ첲磬侲һ㡣
ף覿Ųܼγϣ۵ӳֲ
֮ǰ˵ܼγ˲ദۼԺ֪ǲദǸå
ǵĵͷ߻鴫
ףľ£ûֱľٶΪ֪ڱ˵ĵϣǿѹͷߡ
ֱըëˣ͸綼áǸһ춼״ˡ
ף覶Բܼγ˵һҲǰ׽еģ²үĴۡ
ܼγϺʵŶʲôۣ
ף治ɫ˵ͻ֣ɣɣвȵĳһ
ܼγһƮƮ˵ǼͳӶѣү𡣡
ףʲô˲õĶأүҲûĶô󰡡ô˵Ҳڱͷģֲò
Ҫ⼸ӣǰŮ˵һ磬ôֵ
ף覶Բܼγ΢΢һЦò˵үҲ𼱣һû˵ꡣ
ܼγϻ˵У˵˵
Ҿ˵ˡףһУ֯һ͹ҡⷿ߶ֳһҡͷһϳһҡ԰ʮĶˮݷïɽһ԰ʮĶ
ܼͣͣͣͣͣγһ˵̧ͣͷףʵмױأһ磬Ҫôණ
ŮʨӴ󿪿ڣҲ˵
ף΢΢һЦǼױ񵥡
ղЩƸдĶ
ȥҼҵʱôһ񵥣֮ҲŽġүҪҲһ磬ʵȷǶ¡ֻҪŸҲһݶˡһûأҸ
ףһҪͱܼγһδϣ㵱Ǯϵѽ
ôһӣȢϱûаǵҴѵǮΪͼһ磬Ӳв
ף˵ǮȻϵġһҲܰ׽аղŲǾ͸ү˵𣿡
ܼγһҭһϣүҲûǮ
ƣŮ˸ʲôˡ
ôĶȻſھһǵô
ԼĹûʲô᲻õġһֱף覼ͷĿڳ
ף覵ͷһȻۡ
촽˶ôŮˣҪĸ粻УүΪʲôҪҵˣ
ܼγ˵ȻΪرð
-

197

ȷãҲ˭𡣡
˫ͷĿһá
ף覸ʱڵ˲١ȻܼγʱĵҲ˲١
˵˳߲үһղһ񵥣ֻǵһݡԺǽʱ򣬻иһ񵥡
ôϲǮ
ĹҪ
ܼγûǸʵ᲻ûǸǮͱ覽һ硣
˵꣬ͷһϵĿڱ˵үҪƴǸղŻû꣬
ף覵ĵؿ磡
ղһֱſļͷһ㾫Ҳûеӣǲܼγϣ˵˺һĻͷ㡣
ôܼγϺȥĲȳ
ּ̧ף覵ļϣԼĻһĺ͸ղƿŮʱˡ
˵Ӧ˵飬͵ĵ
ܼγϵһѾõӴθѾƵһҪŻµĸо
ȵʵ̫ˣⱲӶûһԺȹôƹڱ˿ѵĺܣֻԼ֪ٺȥ˵Ҫˡ
׷ʵү㻹ȲȣȾ͸ɴ䣬һ
ܼγĿ⣬˵ߣڿнһĽ
Ȼܼγϴܵʮơ
ģӾͲ㻹ܺȵȥ
ܼγϵĿڱһŸԼȥݺݵصͼԼ׺ݵס
ܼγϲ䣬ղſǸ˻ġ
ҪӮȻ˳۵ĵأòˡ
ԲܼγϵʾЦһҲƱһһ;ơ
ͲܼγϲһǣûںȵıʱͣǼ屭
òܼγϾòˬǣÿһƣҪƵؾܼγһ£ֱϵһžȫꡣ
صذϵľƱŵϣԲܼγʵүǺ𣬲ϲ̼ôȣ
ƳһһƿûƿӴ˵һţǺٿһƿ
ܼγ˺ܹթÿԼҪ˵ʱǻ㶫һ䣬һ䣬ɢעԼõʱ仺һ
һʱ䣬Ѿôˡ
ÿζҪȴӲ뿪
֪ܼγϽбҲȵôͣôף覵ĳ֣
ԶݵϢԺͺͲܼγϿʼһֵĽ
ҪŲܼγϻûлȰƵȥȻ֪Ҫطʲôʱ
ܼγϿϵİ׾ƣоԼԼһӡ
ĺʲôģȻôܺȡܺȡ
ʱһƵʵү𣿡
ܼγŤͷһҧҲϵİ׾ƼҲǲĺ
ֻݺںȵʱάֲȥˡ
ܼγϱһֱŻµıԵÿһƣθﶼӿ
ԵƲŽܼγϾͻȻۡһڴǰ˳
ŮܼγţͶ㲻ܼγ³ĻٶһŮ׻Сϡ
ܼγǺȴˣһ¾ͣһŻŻǺԡʱһɻζ
ŮҪжȴֲҵܼγϣһ˫۾ԲˣŮһԼ죬Ҳܼγ϶ˡ
ҵ߶ܼγϾҵŻ˹ǲܼγϵȺ˸ıȴΧֱӵĵס˿ֵ˵ߡ
һջǲܼγˣȵĴгǿסԲܼγ³һѻķУڲܼγϵ߶£ĺʵүû°ɣү
ܼγֱ̧ӰѹƵһȥģôϣ˶֪𣡡
ܼγƵֱӳԱһͷԴĵǣҲûҹۣæܼγϽͣүǵ㣡
ȥүģܼγ̧ߣ߿ˡ
ʱܼγ۽ǵƳվ
ܼγŤͷһִף覵ļϣƵߡĲǺȵǻ˵ú
үˡסӦ¡˳ۺ㶼ٲ֡
ܼγ꣬Ƕһ¡
ųθһӿ۵һһ¡
ŮѾˡΪʵǣ̫Ķˡ
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198

ȲܼγϺò׻ܵľſڿʱѾף覷߳
ȻܺȣʵѾھƾ£̱ĲˡԺȾôʹϾ
ղŵƣҲΪڲܼγǰǿġ
ӴȻǸǵġôһ±һƲܼγϣ߲ľˡ
ҹһŷ磬ƾ͸բĺһһԵӿͷʱ۵ĲУǰľҲʼûػΡ
۾һգȥˡ
ףȻڷ˸ģ䣬ССһף֧ŵס
üף覶˷ˤˡһֱӳǰһײ˹ȥףҲûסˣæһСġ
ʱץסһ첲˼ûһͷײ߸ϡ
ҪĿȥˣһ
״룬˵С㣬үɡѾүӺִȥҲ;үؼҡ
ף覵ͷӦˡ
ǰ˷ıϡ
뿪Ժ󣬲ܼγϻſڵķط˺һеãȻ˼ֺ񴿴Ǻȶˣû跹С
Ůŷӣʵүû¶ɡ
ܼγƳһۣΣͷûͷûβ˵һ䣬˼ʡ
ѾӵСرܿ˵ϵһ̲ߵܼγʵүʲôʲô˰ҪʲôʲôӮˣҲҶѣ
Ϊܼγµһı쾡¡ǲܼγϺȲҲܸܼγҵһʵ̨¡
ܼγϾϲ죬˵ĶԣңүǺȲҲǱӸˣ
˳ŲܼγϵĻ˵ԶԶԣү˵淳ȫ¾ֻ氮һǶˡ
ǡܼγЦһĹģҲͦںʱһŮߵŮһңң˵Ҿͱҡô
ǸŮ˰ҲҪĺŮˡ
ϧˣѾˡ
ǸŮˣͦԼ
ڲܼγŮѾ˺ܾˣҲǸɫŮˡ
һ⻰ʱ˲ܼγϻļįζ
ҲҪʱ
ʱŮλõĻᣡ
үǺ˵µˣҪܰϲүõźԺӲù
ŮҲԼϻմȾŲܼγϸո³ĻһɨղŵĶģԲܼγͷε˵үңҿԡʲôʱֻҪҪ˱һֱڡ
ܼγһŤͷԼ࣬˫ĿгпŮˡ
ܼγ̧°ͣսľζűϢϡ
ܼγϻЦһֱڣ
Ůͷֻûйͷһϲܼγϵţǣүһһֱһֱߡ
Ů˵ţҲ󵨵شս˲ܼγһ㡣
ž
ŮܼγϺݺݵ˦һƣһ˶˵ϡ
ܼγۿŮһһԼָ³ֱĵ֣ӡ
ΧԭѾŮļߣһǲܼγڹܽˣֶջԼĿ⣬װûпӡ
һŮ˶ܼγϹܣ飬Ҳǵһںַ
ʲô˲ŮˣʲôӶڲֻ֣ڲܼγͨͨвͨ
ܼγϵԸ粻ֻҪŲܼγˣ͵űǺ˶֪һ¡
ŮԼʹİֵؿŲܼγϣͲ֪Լ
ܣү𣿡
ܼγϸŹڵϵŮˣʵߣ
ŮҡҡͷֵͷѸٵҡҡͷ
ԼҲ֪ôشܼγϵ⣬ȷġ
ܼγһ̧ŰԼЬմۻ࣬ȫ䵽Ů˵Ķȹϣʵţ𣿡
Ůҡͷ䡣
ߵĶʲôľɫ˼ףҪʣҪҪġƯֹܼγָָԼԴ˵Ҫ˼һӡ
ŮؿŲܼγϣһҲ˵
ܼγϿʵ𣿡
ף˵ÿһ仰ǹӣ˼ģԲ˰ռ˱ˡף覵ĵط
Ůҡ
-

199Ҹ

ܼγϵ𺣬ʵãףŮˣҲܼγϣֻǧĻɫ
Ůŵæҡͷ֣ǡ
ܼγץϵһӾŮĽűߡ
űѵ죬ŮŵһС
ܼγϱŭһ¶첻ɵĳӣ˶˳ǿؾΪ㶪ģҪܹðµ㶫ӻܶ𣿡
ŮæŲܼγϹ£үҴˣûãүдһΰɡԺһúΪү£
ܼγϴе
أүʲôԸ
ܼγһ߿ԼǰŮˣùϵĴһ̣Ů˸ҶͷһȦȥϲ
ŮŵĻʧɫȦȦ˵رȥȦҲܷˣ
ŮץסĿȣ󵽣磬Ҹү飬Ժһúð£
һ㶣תŲܼγϣүŮ˵ɫμˣġ
ܼγ̧ͷŹʵҲܼγ˵ڶȲһŮǰɣ
ͷ˵үĶĻҵĸ
ܼγһָڹϴϯܰ¾Ͱ죬첻¾͸ӹ
ܣȻܰ죡
̰ѸղŸԼŮߡһŮתԭء
ܼγϼ״òһߣĻǰɣ
æ㵽һߣ˵ǣүףףС㡭
ܼγһ㶣ߵһĴڿһεչ˶ĬĬ˻
Ȼ̽ԵŤͷһˣǸղŸһ뿪˵ף覡
Ŷһ۵
ܼγϿƦƦЦһףС㣬ӮӮˣ㻹ܻ
ף覸Ҫܼγ߹ȥߵıھֱӵס·
ܼγϰڰ֣ÿһŮ˶ѣʲô
ÿˡ
ףһ·ߵܼγǰһ۵ϵŮȻ󻺻īɫĳļͷ䣬ĵƹ谵ȴҲڲסǵľɡ
ΪñȸղŽܼγԼڿľƾζŵһɵģںֵζ
ϵĵζ
ţ̣ǹ㡣
ȴһ㶼ģܸɾζ
ܼγҪһһŵʱףȴͻȻֱӣһκ˾롣
ܼγһ㶣һʱ϶һոմĴ
ף覾Ĵ˵Ҹġ
Ȼתˡ
ղǱѾߵֵĽֿˡ
֮ۻΪǽһԺҪ̣ԼĴˡ
ԵɵɵһĿڴ˸顣ΪҲؾͿʼ÷
˵һܺõ͸ģ˵Ҫ
ף覲Լ֮ǰϿһ֮ǰǰùʽŻۻá
֮ԺһΪ²ȫ
֮ԲһΪ˵û˵
ܼγϻڿһãȻ
ȻղǱŮ乴
Ǳ˰ɣôһְĳ嶯
ѵľƺȶˣͷˣ
ˣү֮ǰڱ˵šףߵſǰͣ˽ŲתŲܼγ˵
Ŷҵ֣ȻҲףСĶ䣿
ܼγϼ̣һڣܸȤӡ
ܼγϵڱǱͲСףڱ⣬֪֣ʵҲûʲô֡
ܼγϺǣף覶ģЩš
ܼγһ˫ڿ϶ЦŲүˣоô
һף覹˶٣΢΢һЦȻǱȴҪӵ޳ܡ
ܼγϣ
ϵЦݽɢȥһ˫ɫֱͫض΢΢۾͸Σյζ
ܵնʱý
ܼγ˵ףС㣬ĵӲСҪҪһ䣬վҵĵϣүҲûߡ
ףȴһҲӳԽϰڷŵľƱϡ
ף˵ԼǱȾȴһĵŮָҸߣøȡᣬľϣͼⲻ޳ʲô
ܼγһ㶡
һǸղƢʱ˵Щñϻףˡ
ף˵үЩͲҪ±˵һ޳ܶѣӦóܵס԰ɣ
-

200ͼ

Դף覵Сֲ᲻صΪ̫Ѩûͷۡ
ôƺȥ߳
ľǴ󣬵ҲộԼ塣
ǰҲȳ𣿡
ڿͷףһۡ
˵үǰʱ򣬸տʼԼ⣬ҲҪźȾƣ£˺ȡһξүΪ̸һ׮⣬ȵ̫ˣ˷ݾͽҽԺʱ򡭡
Ҫ˵ȴͻȻһԶʹ
СôľүҪ֪һЩʲôүǰ飬Сĵһʹ졣ôܼ˵ȥ
һף覵ʹӦĿڵʱ鶼ѾȥˣھүѾǰôƴˡȾƵǺٵġ
ף૵ôƴͼʲô
ԼģҪˣƴٶǮҲûá
ͼ㰡ϵ˵
ףһ㶣û˯ţ
һ·Ϊ˯ȥˡ
۾˵ƴɼܻؽҡףҸס
ףһĬ
ֲ̧˲̫ж𣿡
˵֪ͼҾİûô塣
ЦЦҹǻˡ
˵꣬±۾Ҳȥ
ף̽Եؽһ磿
ûлӦ
ףֽһûзӦ
ףС˯ô
͸ӾףСĵذԴŵӣЦЦ
ѹ־үôϲС㰡
ؽ֮ǰҲôѡ˺öȥףүӵʱֲףүӵϲ׵û䡣
ôõĹ˭᲻ϲأ
Сʱչžүˡ
ص췼Էף覷˷ɺԺ󣬾ͺһԼˡ
סĵطҲԶҪʱֻҪףȥǵžͿˡ
ľƷܺãҲףһ֡
ף観˰·вʱһ⣬һ϶˯úˡ
ף覒һԺҲѾҹʮˡ
ף覸˯ʱӣһĨǳǳЦݡ
ĽëֳŨĸ׵Ӻ
ĺչָһһֱᣬ͸ģĻһּ㡣һǺĺ㲻̫һġ
ף覻սһڡ
磬
˵仰ף覾ͱϻ·˳˷䡣
ڷҲһ졣ֵϴԺ󣬾Ϣ졣
ֵƽʱ˵ʱ䲻࣬ææǣÿпյʱ򣬶һ졣
̵ͣǸһһֱУһ죬ҲܰŽһЩ飬һ㡣
Ժ󣬾Ͱѽߺף˵Ĺһֲظظһ顣
˵Ժʵ˵үʱֻ֪Ҳ֪ʲôõģܴ￴ʲôС㵱ʱ˵үᣬôûأ
ûþүе˵ġ
ǣС˵ʱ򣬻һܸжҸӣĿ
ؾȻС˼ŵʱЩʣ£ҪŪ顣
һˮ룬˵ҲҪô˵ĻǾүͦġ
ʵǵôģ
үʱʮ˰ɣүһôҲʮˣС죬һᡣ
ʵǾүﲻܣ
˵ȷǸ취ǾүԺСô죿СôСܵù𣿡
ԾүԸүǾԲܣףСһ˶ġ
żǾʹ򰡣úǴһΣЩ˲Ų۸үͷϡүô¶
˳һҲǾү
ܴ򡣡ĳ˵
ʵôͲܴˣ
밡С㵱ʱŶ󣿳߰ɣ֪ʲôǴܣĺͱ˴Ķ𣿡
ʵʲô˼
һҪô˵粻ء
ĲŮӵ˼жУҲ֪һЩŮɶľšҲΪһ㣬һֱС˵ʲô˼
үʱΪʲôҪС㣬Ҫ£ҲҪ
-

201̹װ

˵ʱһȺΧžүүҪĺǶ֣϶ⲻͷѪСôСһҪǴӴ˱ǼŵˣĵӰô죿
ʱүȻһƶûСҲ֪򲻹ԷҪĵһµȻǲҪС㱻ŵ
Լ˱۸үǴһȿǵС㡣
С˵үᰡ
ᲢָжͻôϸȫȫĶΪһ˿ǵ͹ġ
үûʲôɾʱҲǶСôá
ѹְС֪үںҲ
йϸľСӦñ˭ξүɡ
ܼγʱ򣬻ҪүףС㣬ǺЦ
үҪ֪Щ飬ƾͲôˡ
Ϊְ취ûܶҡүС֮Ĺϵ
ЦЦүС㣬һԡ
һһֱ˯˵ڶѡ
ʱףѾ緹
ߵߣҡҡͷ˵죬㵣ˡ
ԭ칦ģܵˣȻΪżˡСӣʰ鶼첻á
ף覿ЦЦûϧԼ壬ҲûІԺҪôˣֻ߷һ˫ӡ
óԷˣϴ𣿡
š
ף覸ҨһĶŹһ㡣
˵¶Ժֵط㲻Ҫȥ
ʲôط˵𣿡ף˵ֻҪ㲻ȥҾͲȥ
˵ʱ̸飬òȥЩط
ӣʲô˶С
ûѡϣף̶һĵط
ף覵˵ͷһӲˣԺҪסܲҵģҾͲȥεҲһӦμ칦ģʧԼˡ
һ㶣̾һ̧Խӣͷ
Ǹ粻á
챾Ӧ˳˳ĹԼȴʧԼˣһˡãûаѸٽ
ҲӦ覺úõǸϴԼȴΪȶ߶Ĳá
Ժ󲻻ˡ˵
ףͷԷһһҪȥء
ʵʲôʱȥ㡣
ף覾ܾˣòţһѣǺúϢɡ
˵Ϣ
ף覺һ˵ǾȥæԼ飬ǻг˳Ҫô
˵˳۲µһѣûжҪʲôʱǵȽԼĹȥ㡣
ףЦЦͷڷߵ㡣
˿ӣ׼ʱ
ף覿һۣÿ״˴磬м飬һֱ˵
߳ԷӦ˵ء
ף覷¿ӣһ˫۾֮̽ǰǲһֱҳ¥ϰ˭
̧ͷʵ˵ģ
ףҡҡͷûС㲻Ҫ
˵ҲûϵֲǱˡ绹ΪԴ¥Ȥʵһȥ¥Էµˣ
Ĳ²⣬ף覵ͷȥҲȥ
ǣ飬ǡ¥ľ˵ġ
һ㶣ô㡭
ĻһҲ˿ӣ
˵¥ϰǸŮˡ
Ůڱĵ˺ܶĵزһֱصú
α˫ֻؿ̹װɣš
ף˵¥Ǽǰҹյʱ򣬾˾͸ҵһҾ¥֮ǰҪģЩصıǵĵزˣȷҲҡֻЩҲĲˣһ
ۣΪʲôң
ף覼״˫ְڳһͶĶûҪ㣬һֱûҵʵĸĻᡣ
ȫһġ
ûҵᣬˡ
˵ģ
ģΪʲôͻȻ˵ˣ
ұҲͲ㣬ֻǽպ뵽飬͡ˡ
覵ԽԽС󼸺СҪ
㣬
֮ǰһֱҸ˵Լ
ʱԼֻҪ̼ҵע⣬ڱӵһ֮ء
ҲڱǸԼһɽԺٺ̼ҶʱҲͲˡ
Ǻ˱ǣҲʼرǵⳡײһ
-

202¹

ʵ֮ǰڱǲصô˲鲻ĵϸҲΪ˶Ը̼ң
ף覵˵ͷҪǲص㶫һƬطǶǵġҲû뵽ҡ
ôõص̻ԭһֱǰ
Σ֪ö˵ʲô˿ӣԷ
ף覲ؿţ
˵ʲôԷ
ף覾ȵ磬ѵ
Ϊͷ˺þãķӦҲ̫ƽ˰ɣ
ʵǲȻȻټԷ
ףæӵ鷳ˣԷǳԷ
εҡҡҡͷڻؽүү֮ǰ˵ԼҲ֤³
Լ̹ףζԼǱεġ
ԸԼ͹ˡ
֪ЩҵˣҲΪ֪ǱŮˣʵο
ζҪΪĸ㡣
ҵԺһֱ˳ףó齱ĴԺǣûв֪ʳֵˡ
ڶ⣬һҲȵһӦ˵ȵһ⻹Ҫõ̫ࡣ
ļ죬Ҳһֱչĺܺá
ףվ¥ϵİ칫˼˵֣ʮֵ
ߵ˵ȥܿͻˡ
źãף˵һѪûа׷ѡ
죬ܵ仹ΪĺԹһٷ˵ؽû
ֿ̧˿ϵʱ䣬ʵ컹㣿
һż죬ÿʱ־ͻӵ̻ǣȫʶˡ
ף覵ͷ
˵Űɣҿˡ
ʱشʱ仹ǻرܵġɲԼָͷٱڶΡ
ȱżߣף覽סҪؽˣ⼸úúðҶ
ʵôͻȻҪؽ
ף˵ҵûؽ۳顣
ظпû޽أȿʼҴˡһǻѹեˡҷ·ѾԤδ͡
ף覵Ҫ㲻Ҫ˵
۳潨ҵϵ⣬һֱֲܡүүҲڵſıء
ܲ潨ҵǰͿһζԺĴˡ
ҲѾȶˣֻҪû£ʱ뿪Ҳûйϵ
Һӳ쵱ʱ֪Ĩ飬˿ɲܾôǹȥһòС
֮ѡʱؽõġ
˵Уһ㿴ŵġ׼뿪죿
ף룬˵ֻǴԿһϤ۳ӪĻҲҪɡ
ʵ˵ãΪʲô鵢ˣûһҲǻزġ
ף覶ؽʱ䣬һסףң֪ĵ绰ʲô´ףҾˡǻᴫҵġ
ʵûиһȥ
ףҡҡͷûа
ʲôصüͷΪ˭ĲڽͱܣȻһ˻ȥ飿Ҳ̫ں˰ɣ
ʲôҲ̫ˣ
ôĿɲУͷøףүӲһ
ף֪һֱܹԼᱩҲпԭ
ذ侲һ㣬ΪҪүүģŲܸһȥ֮ǰѾˡ
ʵʲô˼
ף˵ʲô¶ҪæүүôңһүүֻһȵģʲôҲɡԺҾ޽ңүүҲ齻ҡ
ζҪӳ촦ѹһͷ
һε飬ҪԼȥүүŷ֮ǰھ˵Ļ
ػЩģ㾿ва
ף˵веʱ˵ɣܲûȥˡҲܾû⹫ˣһλȥԺúõ
ף⿴һֿۣͣŵ̧ߵˣȻЦˣȥˡ
ضһ䣺·Сĵ㡣
ף覱ߣ߰˰֣ѵһֻӡ
ף¥Ժ󣬳ǰһͺˡ
ֱڿӿڴųһֻ
ף߹ȥԹס֣ڽϡ
̵ĵǶѾֲˣͶȥĽĿ⡣
-

203º

ף覻һȦ˵㿴Ҷʶˡ
һʱ򣬺ǣڽϣЩ̻Ƕú֣ܾȡ
Ϊ˭Ҳ֪ͻȻð˭
ڣƺ̻֪ףһܱˡ
Щ̻ڽףС֮࣬׼ȷٽһү
ЦЦ
ʶźãҶʶңԺ˸̻ǴϢʱ򣬲Ż֪ѾˡŻġ
ףƳһۣ˼ͦ
Ͼ𳵻ؽˣܸˣԼæǵóԵõġȥ¥ҲСҲ֪顣һúдġ
¶ͣס˽ŲŤͷǵȻһǸһȥɡ
ף˵Ѿ˵Լȥڱǡ
뷴ˡ
覷ֿҲһȥӦԺӳŮˡ
۳ǰǺӳܵģЩµģҲǺӳˡӳΪ˲覲ǰ飬һٰ覰£˵ﰵʹӡ
ί۸
ԼҲ覻ȥ˵ͻü򵥺ܶࡣ
ʱӦֻΪ˵Щ鶼еڷڣȴΪ᲻ûеġ
ǰ֮ǰ˵õʲôǡ
۸
ף˵үү͵㿴ְңءҿɲԺֵڶ˼˼ˡ
భ۰Ҳġ
ʵһ˻ȥί˭˵
үүҪܻᰲοġ
ףЦ˵
һ㶣˵
ף覵ͷһȥҪǽ۳飬£ȰҼ˭۸ҡԺٻؽʱٰѵôˡ
ٿȻһЦãšҪʲôίǧҡ
ף˵ҹƵʱҪ۸ҵ˿ɲأҪרи𣿡
ͷҲԡ
໥ֿ߳ڣůůϦǵļϣһĽɴ
ж㡣Ȼ˵
ڿڴͣȻӿڴץǣŽ
ЦЦǡ
ףһ㶣ǡ
˵СʱϲԵġ֮ǰֱߵĵ͸ˡ
ף覿Ƭ̡
򿪳˵ϳɣؼˡ
ףϳԺ󣬾Ȳİ£ĵһš
˽۾С𡣡
ô
ף覵ͷر𡣡
˭֪ͻȻսûзӦʱ򣬾촽һ¡
Ǽ̵һμ֮ףλϡ
Ҳ𡣡
ף磡
ô͵Ϯ
Цţ
ףǣתų˵ˡ
ǰ濪оԼˡ
Ǳ˸ģ
үʲôһҲʱصԼӰ졣
ףڳߣһ·ڸ˵ˡ³ʱҲԼȻ췼Է
ʵȵȸ𣿡
ףĹĵ˵ȣҪȥʰؽĶ
Цһ׷ŵһ
ףһ㶣ʵʲô
Լ
ף覴򿪴һȫǡ
ף覿Цôôడ
򿪷˽ȥ˵ϲԣͰѿȫˡؽԴ·ϳԡ
һ֪ġ
ףߵȥŴӣݡ
ڶһ磬ףȥ˻վۿ˻𳵣ת뿪
˵үѾСüˣҲûмү˳֣ܼγŵԣСˡ
˵ͷϣˡ
Ӳܼγвף覵鷳ʱЩ
ȻǰƴƣӮ˲ܼγϣҲұ֤ܼγϾͻ˵㻰Ĳ¡
ܼγˣ˵ҲǳԷһƽ¡⼸һֱ覻ؼң²ܼγϱʹС覴һܰһ㡣
⼸Ҳʲôܼγϵȷŵԡ
覻ؽˣʱҲԷһʱˡ
ʵ˶ź𣿡
˵Ѿкˣ˸űСġ
-

204ױ

һȻûиף覻ȥҲ˱
ӳʵ̫գѱڱʲô覣Ҽ͵͵رĲˡ
ⰵӳǸŮ˲򵥣ͷ˳ġҪڽˣһͷˡ
ǣү

ףһҪȥ飬Ѿȸףҵ˴кŵѾˡ
ף覻ؼԺϢһףͻˡ
һİϴһ׻ɫװüۼף
ףϲĽе˾ˣ
覣ףϲʲôʱģ
ף˵ոջСʱ
ףߵ£˾Ѿþûˣһ˾ҲڼҡҲûܺúÿ㡣
ףףΨһŮףףִСףףҲһֱΨһŮرá
ףǸˣףҲ̳ĺƤҡףܴ覵ϣףӰӡ
Ϊףôһӣףûףָ̼׳죬Ǵףһ뿪ˡ
Щ꣬ףҲһֱǰ覵ԼŮ
ֻҪѧĶףûĽ̸
ףʵ⹫˵ڱǿһʳ֣ӦúæɣһΪʲôģ
ף˵һȥμүүʱүүһ۳ҹܡʱҪæ飬ûʱ۳пˣͻ
ף˵ҵүͻȻ⽻㣬Ҫ˼ɡ
ǵ潨ҵûôദͷԲװ׸һӡ
ף覵˵ͷ
ףʵǸ۳ô
ף覴ҿһ˲һʼʱӵ⻹Ǻܲģ꣬۳ԽԽˡңҸо۳۳ʲô⣬ԲӰ۳⡣
ף覶˶٣˵ңǸ۳ǰǺӳڹܡ
ף꣬üͷ
֮ǰͺӳǸ˾覽ĳӣԺ·²ߡôһŮȥףԺͱ۸
ףʵ۳첻Ϥ
ףҡҡͷǺ졣ֻ֪һЩĶ
ףʵʲôʱȥ۳
ף˵һɣ»ǲҪˡ
ף˵µľǰͰˮױ˺ơҽزף֮ǰ۳ɹһʱ䣬۳ҲȽϤһȥ㿴ŵ㡣
ףеزصĸؼ磬Ϊؼףҹϵܣף覽һز
زڣ۳ЩˣôҲ׾ƭ
ף覸˵лл˾ˡ
лʲôһˡСӶ㻹𣿡
ף覵ͷãһֱܺá
ף˳㻹ǵöŵ㣬ġСʱãԺ˵Ҳ䡣ο뿪ôˣ˭֪ûб仵
ΪףĻʧܣĲ׾ݣףף覵ĶҪرһ㡣
ϣףĸһصޡ
ף覵Ц䣬Ǹ粻ġ
һʱʱ̶̿ˣôܻ䰡
ڶﻹһء
ף˵ҪӾ˾˷֮Լ¶û
ף˵˾˶ΪҺã֪ġ
ڶף覾ʹؼһȥ˺۳
Ϊף覲Ե⺺ؼһ·ڸף覽۵̣ԼҪ豸Щ
ףԺ󣬶һһ
ȳӰ͵۳ʱףѾ˽һ۳лơ
۳ڽн۳Ա߾һӡ
һ³ܿټһ۳ǰ
դʽģһ买дź۳֡
Խ买ͿԿһ޴̴ѡ̴ﲻϵðź̡
Ͽо̴Ѷͨϡ
ףҪǰߣؼ˵覣Сġ
ףһ㶣ͷһۣǰһСˮݡ
촩иЬһŲȥЬӺͽϣ϶Ҫմࡣ
ף³һллزѡ
ؼˡ
۳ȴڴſڱ
˵һʮͷС꣬ףʵǣ
ף˵Ǵӳ죬ӹ۳ˡӳӦøǳ˵¡
˵λԵȣȥ³
-

205ܵĿ

СӸ³־ߴʱ³Ǹ߲ûá
һСһŰԱ߳ϡϷһ̲ˣһС÷˿⣬³־û࣬Եĺġ
Сߵ³־ǰ³㣬˵ӹǺ۳ġ
³־һ̲ˣҧһͷ˵ûڳԷȵţ˵Ӳ쳧˵ڼѲ
Сеˣ̫ðɣҿǸˣݺͦġ
³־һǸŮģͦİɣ
С˵ԶԶԣ
³־Ѿ³˭ˡ
۳ſڱûרס͵ģһκӳر³־Ժ³־߲Űһרں۳ǰͷš
Ϊף覵ͻȻϮ
ӳ˵ףûþͻѲ۳Ů˵ˡ
һСŮʲô
ܶٶ
ҲһȻˣõŵİ
أȻǳԷȽҪ
³־߼ͷϡǾͱһĻò˳Էˣҳͻȥġ
˭ϣĻ䣬һõŮ˵Ͼʮˣţ³Ϣһ˻ǲһ
³־һ㶣ﻹŰͷûȥ̧ͷһһȹӵŮ˴˽
ĳһ߸ߵβɾˬ˫ֱһ˫۾Ҳڴӣм쵼ģ
ףƤЦⲻЦĿ³־ߣ³ӱ⵱ϰĶѽ
³־߰ͷ͵һʣҭסԼæϡ͹ڣȴƫƫϡ졣
һæҵĳһ緹³־ߵˡ
ǡ
ף覡
³־æϵ·˲֣ŶҺϰ˵ˣԺ۳ˡã峧ĳ³־ߡ
³־˵ֺ꣬ݺݵصߵСһۡ
ôȽˣ
ղ˵Щ˵˵У⵱ϰ˵ǸĪļɻ䡣
ڱףץСѱкùӳԣ
ף覿³־æҵһҒֿԼֻ֣Ȼ˵ҪҪٸӳ绰֤һԼݣ
³־㬵ջԼ֣òãˣ϶Ǽٵġ˵ôܵˣӦȥſڽģ
ף˵Ҫ³ӣǻõ극ôԼȹˡ
³־һССĳ͸ôԼȻűкӳڸ
³־߱ҭһ£ͷ촽Ů˵ûŮ˵ȷöԸ
һСӦˡ
۳רŵְͼЩ﹤ĹסҲϰࡣ
³־Ϊ۳ĳҲסְ᲻󣬵һסҲǴ´ˡ
ףɨһ³־ߵķ䣬Ĳúܼ򵥣ҲѰĴһΡ
ݽǵϣȴļûϴ·»мֻӣһζ
űߵĵϣżֻ˵ľƿһֻƿǵġ
ף覵³ķ䣬ҵѽ
³־˵ⲻΪ۳⣬ûûҹæûʱʰԼӡ
⻰˵൱ƯԼû³־Լɢȴ˵ĺΪ۳Ϲһ
˵ˣҵûϵ۳ʲô¶˵԰ɣ
³־߿ף覣Цαѡ
ܵĿˡ
ףüӳֵ˵ӹȻС
⵹ǡֻҪ۳ĺã³Ȼʲô¶СҪ۳һ⡭
ףţŵѵϵĿվƿԱƣȻ̧ͷ³־ߣ˵³ɣиʧְˡ
³־һ㶡
ף覼˵úõʱٶС覴ҲᱻԡĲõʱСҲڱŴ³˵ǲǣ
³־ڨЦӦף覵˼תάףС˵ĶԣԺһúʰӡ
ף覿һϵ緹ʵ³ҪҪҵһ𿴳ѽ
³־߰˵òãȥˣǲܵ¡
Ĩһϵͣף˱ȣףС롣
³־ߵĵײףӣҲùġף覱Ͼϰ壬²òͷ
ףЦһתȥ
-

206µÿףСı

³־תС˵ѸҲ˵ϰˡ
ף³־ߵĴ£߳Աᣬս۳ĳʱһ˴ӳķҴҵ˳վ³־ߵ
³־߶˽ܵǸΰšϰ壬ףС㡣
ΰŰضף֣ףСã
ף覿˿һĨζɫȻָա
ã
³־һ㶡
ףʲô˼
һִкף覲ΰôһкף覷Ǹˡ
ΰſһվףˣʵףС㣬λǣ
ҽؼ硣
ؼȸΰ֡ΰա
ߴؼƵף覵ϡĵؼѵǸףСһѲӳӵģ
ף˵ز߰ɡ
³־ߴǰߣʼǽܺ۳
һߵƷ۴¥ǰ档¥ֳ˶ƷۣЩ䡣ǽʱӦÿǸ̴ˣǸṩġ
ף˵˵˵۳ϸɡ
ΰ˵Ʒ۳ʮӢۻʮʮӢۻ岿⻹ĸֿ⡣۳﹤ְҲٸҡ
³־ߵϲ¶˽飬۳ǽͷģһ۳
˵ģҶҪˡףŤͷʵΪʲôôôƵһ۳ľЧȴԽԽˣ
³־ϵЦһ
ף߽һǰ۳ÿǧ飬һ벻ֹӯ콵ȵˡ
뵽ӳ֮ǰرĶ³־ߴԽԽⲻȻˡ
ף΢΢һЦŶ⣿ѵΪԭ˷ѣ̣Ǯ𣿡
³־һľ
ףڰʾԭ鱨˷ѵ
ȻôͲ鵽ǰﶯֽˣ
ʱɲ¶ţȻ͵˳ˣ
³־˵˶սʱżһЩ⣬Ҳġ
ףЦЦҿżɣ֮ǰ۳ˣÿǶ̣ܵһʳ۰ôȥ۳ǲǵõհ
³־߿ףһۣжε۳᲻ᵹǵÿףСı°ǲһܳӵģŽ۳ҲһɳܶԳӰ죿
˵ˣ³־ߵ˼ǣľӪƵˣǾף覵⣬ôһСְһϵҲûС
³־ЦЦףƵӵϰӺϰ廻ףС㣬ҲΪϰ徭ӪĲ̫Ǿ͵ףСչ֣Ǵ۽ء
˭֪ף覾ȻһҲ٣г˵ǿ۽ǱģȻҲҡ
֮ǰúúÿϤһ¿ͻץסЩ
ף覹˶٣³־ߵĺġ
ȻЬ̤µذ壬˵³ںҲкüˣԺĸӦҲǳΪ˺۳³ҵİɣ
³־ߴǵȻֻҪС㿪ڣһΪ쵽ãԲ˼Թ
ףЦЦؿһۣԽƷ۳䡣
ۻ¡¡죬ĴǰɵģЩƮԺµۡ
Աſ֣æŰװõֿ⡣
³־ָף覽һۻƷ۵Ḷָ́˽һٽۣҪöӣԼԭҪô⡣
Щף֮ǰѾڳؼ˵ˡ
³־ߵûⷽƭ˵Ķؼ޼
ΪԷһף覻³־˵ʱ⿴ؼһۡؼҲ˵ͷŷ
֮ȥѲ˱ĳ䡣
ʱҲͣһԱǵĹ״̬
Աһֱ档ֻżһԱףͶȥĿ⡣
һȦѲһжܺãҲûʲô⣬Ͳֿûȥˡ
ףָ³־һȥһ˲ֿ⣬ﵹûʲôرģֻ򵥵תһȦ뿪ˡ
Ѳ۳ص칫¥ʱѾˡ
³־ԾӦԵĺ̬ҲһʼĽű˴ݡ
úӳ֮ǰ˸ѣ׼Ųᱻףץסʲôˡ
ۿųѲ꣬³־̵ظףʵϾҪˣ۳ﻹԱʳã˻ͦɿڵģףСҪҪһԵ㣿
-

207¿ɱվ˶

ף覻ͷһۣɴð
³־һ㶣˵⻰һףû뵽ף覾ȻӦˡ
ԭţףִС㣬ԳԵһܽ϶мЩҲô˳һʡ
͵ף覾ܾ뿪۳ȻҸĵطԷҲһ
³־ԴӵϳԺ󣬾ͱȴǰ࣬ΰԺ͸ôˡ
ڳû¶ͺȵСƣͼԱ˿ˡ
ףһϣȥͷ˯ˡ
û뵽ףȴӦҪڳԷˡ
Ϊֻܼѽ
³־ϵЦ̣ղһ·ӦԵĺҲ˴롣ǰף覾վǰҲ¶ͷӣֻ˵Ǿ͸ɣҴȥʳá
۳ʳòر󣬵ͬʱٸ˳Էǿġ
ʳһСڣɫܼ򵥡
ף覿˿ֻһܼһЩȡ
ں廨⣬ףʵ᲻ʲôθڡ
³־߿ףü˵ЩҪǲףСθڣףСҲȥԡں۳ȥԺҹյϣϸӣܿһҹˡ
ãҾԡְ
ףһͺУһһݰײˣҪ˰ݷߵ
ؼҲŴһݷˣף覵Ķ档
ף覿³־˵³ϴԷˣӦͶ˰ɣҲԵɡ
ף˵ţӳ
ؼһֶûС
³־߼˭ҲûҪߵ˼תߵǰһݷ
÷³־أͼΰŷڳףǱߣƺҪף覲Զһϡ
³־߹ȥְΰԱһΰףԶԶһλϡ
ΰű³־ǿߣĲͺʵΪʲôĽ㣿ףСҪʲô⣬ҲԼʱش𡣡
³־üԸ̸ʲô¶㻹ϰź˵ˣ˼һ˼ҿɲһԸһף覿ϰ壬ϰ͹һĵ
ΰһĬ
³־߿˵Уɱˣ˭Ӵ˭ôõĻƣ
۳ɻ˵жô࣬һһĿˣǲġ
ΰˣ̸˶³־ߵĳƺ³磬ûСн죬ǿչˡ
֪ͺã³־Ц㣬۳ԺҪҴŮϵģףҲֻ۳ڼѡҴŮ˵ǻҪرǹģɱվ˶ӡ
ΰ˵ף
³־ƳǱߵͷԷף覺ؼһۣм˵ܷʲô
ǱߣؼտԶ³־һۣף˵ʵȥĵطԷûҪ۳
ףƵ֪ҾҪ³־߲ʹһ¡
쿴³־Ǹӣͺܲ˳
³־ߵʱһͲϽأƫҪԷһ³־ߵԡ
ڻֻ磬磬˵ú³־ߺȥ
ؼԺЦһݵСѾͷСѾͷ
һĴˣǲΪЩʳóԷġ
ףȻܴżǻ͸ҲԱģϾҲֻôꡣ
ףܿһۣʵز㲻ãѲһж̫˳𣿡
ؼ˵ͷͦ˳ġ
ף³־Ǳ߿һۣ˵ܹô˳Ѳ飬һһǺӳ֮ǰ͸³־ߴкˡ׼͵ء
ؼҲѹ˵ȷҸףô꣬ҲǼٳˡ۳ʲôȱҲټ
Ǻ̫ãǾЩר˿ġ
ףʵղѲĹУûзһЩʲôֵĵط
ؼ˵ʱûС
ףһĬĿӡȻѾˣڵ᲻θڳԷ
ף룬ʵղѲֿʱзʲôҿ֮ǰ˲ᵽֿ۳˵⣬ֿ⣬˵ͿԽ˲ȥ
ؼҸղſˣֿĵذ嶼·޵ġ
ף覵üͷûܵ
·޵ĵذ壬˵Ϊ֮ǰĵذ岻Բŷ޵ġ֮ǰĵذ᲻᷵˭֪
һʲô֤ݶҲˡ
-

208ǰº

ף観ˣôȥҲǰ취
ܲųӲš
Ȼҳӳ˵©ҪҲҪ취Ѻ۳СҶ˵úҪ
Ժүү۳һóɼ㾾ס˺ӳĴҲүүͻж⡣
үүܻûԼڵ£¡Ŭɾǰ׷ˡ
ؼ˵۳ĵһ죬ûջҲ֡˵ǸţǸѶԸˡȱżȹ˾˵
ף˵ţ֪ز
ԱʳóԹ緹³־ֹʵףСҪȥѽ
ף˵ЩˣϢһ˵ɡ
³־һϲллأڵȵˡ
³־˵иɾԱᣬףСҪǲĻҴȥϢ
ף覵˵ͷתؼʵزأ
ؼ˵һϣҲˣҲЪһɡ۳Ӧ㹻ĿԱɣ
³־˵УȻУֻϢʲôʱϢˣʱңҶڳء
³־߸߸˵ĴȥԱᣬȻ뿪ˡ
صԼԱһ¾ɵ˴ϣһŴϵıӣ˵ףһϣۻˡ
ΰſһۣѵ³磬Ҹо򵥣Ǹףϼ۳Ǻܶ߸ŵǸؼͦϤ۳ġ
³־ʵ¶ô˵
ΰ˵ڸ̸۳ʱȴؼ￴⼸黹СһɣҪıץסʲôףǿô죿
ˣòôġ
³־߲ΪڴϷ˸
ϣף覲ǶѲӹһⲻû¶ֻҪǱסڵӣץʲô⡣
ΰ˵һǵġ
³־߸ɴ۾һգΰŵĻòţûʲô棬Բǰºġҵģ⼸Ӧȥˡһˣ˯㿴ȥûʲô¶ҡ
ΰŻ˵ʲôǿ³־Ǹ̬ȣʲôҲû˵Ϸ˳Աᡣ
ΰߺ³־߲۾Цһ˸˯ˡ
ô
Ǻӳıˣ۳ôġ
£ΰƳȥ͹ˡԼЩ꣬ôΰҲӦΪԼɡ
³־һ˯ذȴ֪˯°СʱԺף覾ˡ
ûи˭кҲûȥؼ磬Լȥֿһ⡣
۳Ĳֿܴһ߽ȥܿ߶ѻһݵϸߡ
ףŲֿѻתһȦ
һϰߣɢʱ飬ܸһ㡣
۳ĸֿ⣬ÿǰ˳ԵһۣǴӺ۳ġ
ֻ¸۳һľѹͬʱҲ۵гһӰ죬úӳļô˳¡
ƽ˲ˣֻҪһ󽵵ˣһ뵽Ķ¿۳ɵӰ졣˵һʱ뵽Ǻ۳Լ⡣
ȥʱ۳Ϊ⣬ۡڿ϶Ҳ֤ˡ
ϸµ˺ӳ컹ûüУһ۵棬вֿĳҳм䲻ڵһˡ
ؼ˶С˶۵ġ۵ĿԲϣǾζϵ۸û
Ǿ֤ӳˣڿպԭϣ
һ㡣
Ҫ³־֪ʲôһֹļƻʱ̵㲻ɣ˵¶ˡ
Ҫô̵ۣܲ˻أ
ףС㣬һʲôأ
ף˼ţͻȻһ
ףһ㶣תһΰŲ֪ʲôʱվ
ΰźɵĿʵǲֿ⣬ףСϲѾ𣿡
ף治ɫ˵Щϴ˯ţ˾ڳĴߣٿһ顣
ΰʵôѽ
ף˵ҿ³ϵӺһۣҹӦҲ˯ذɣϢ
ΰﲻҪ˸˼ҲûֱֻòЦЦ
ף覿һΰŵıӣʵ۸ôˣ
-

209¸ʺ

ڡ۳൹ҵÿЩԱûаհҪڸλϡΰ˵ܿһۣüزֿҲ֪Ķȥˣһˣһúõؽѵһ١
ףʵЩǰ۸ģ
ΰŴ𵽣ǰ
ףʵ³һЩʲôأ
ΰһ㶣³ȻһЩҪ顣
ף覼ʵŶأ
ΰվԭ㶣糧۽ԭʲôģȫ³Լڹ
ף覵̧̧ԭ
ǸʲѽôҪ齻³־ߣӳ컹ͦ˵ġ
ףʵ³ÿڹϵʱжð
ΰͻȻ֧֧
³־ߴǰ»ͦģ³־ʵɢ̫ˡҪһӱĳϹ˵³־߹ж棬еΪ
ף覺ǿΪѣЦЦҲûȥ
³־һǸΰʲô˵Ҳܲµһš
תֿ߳⣬ͦñֱ
ΰ̸ȥ
ףͷСĲֿ⣬ҿǵԱˣ³־Ǵһġ
ΰŵͷ˵ǰ³ЩҲչˡûУҿܻڴֵء
ף覻ͷЦЦӦúƨɣʰˡ
ΰ̧ͷףʵףСʲô˼
ף覵˵ûʲô˼Ǿ³־߻ˡ
һͿԿó³־߾ǸźӳݹϵϳλõĴ
Լϲˣ³־湦Ĳġ
ΰŲһ졣
֪Լز۳ѲµģҲ΢ЦŸԼ֣һòӡ
ף覶˶٣˵Ҳ³־߸ʺ
ΰŵ϶ʱ¶˾ȵ顣
ףС㡭
ףСѵҪóλջ£
ԼĲܣ
˭֪ΰź˼ʱףȻ˵̫ȣ֪³־ߵĹϵôãһȡ֮뷨ġ԰ɣ
ΰһ㶣µظոðһͷǸص뷨˲ֱףˡ
ɫ˳ף˵³־ߴҲ棬ȴûһ³־ݡԾٺãҲֻܱ³־߲һˡ
ΰŵɫ˱䣬ϵıӶ˵ףС㣬³һֱҺܺáûʲôȲȵ˵
ףף覹¶һȵı顣
ΰŵüͷһš
ףЦû۸һôˣȻô³Ϊûлⳡԭ𣿡
ΰųĬˡ
ΰձӵֽսף覵߹һĨЦݡ
Щ˲ΪԷ㣬Ĳġں۳ô鶼һڹܣҪǳʲô飬ǲƵһ˵ͷϡ
ΰһȻ
Ҳмˣ⼸һֱǸ³־ں۳ɣ³־Ҳİϵ齻
ѵΪ
ף覿ãȻ񣬺ָ˵͡
ף˵³źӳٶѧۣ³ôãôֻ֪۵İ˼Ҹɻأ
ΰ˵³жҴӴġҲô
ҡף˵֪³ôݿ԰æչˣȴΪʲôӴˡ
ΰæ˵Ϊ³ң
ۡףͻȻЦõЦڳûɵΰĵ׵ķꡣ
ԽЦΰžԽԼĵһŻ
ףʵ³־ʲô鶼ſϵˣкµȻȽԼݣôܰװѸλý㣿
ΰŴ
ף覰شˣȫĺˣͶǸ졣ˣȫ㱳Ķ顣Ҫ³Ҳѡˡƭš
ΰ㶵Ŀף覣
ֵǣ֪ף˵Щǣĵ׻ǻ̲סף˵ķ롣
˽磬³ڸף覰źݵԱԺ󣬾͵ͷ˯һ²ؼӣĵŻҲԽԽ
ΰŲزסĵ׵ŻҲͽԼϡ
û˵ףС㣬˵Щʲô³һֱܺãòЩ
ǰЩʲôף覴ΰ߹ļ򣬡ֲ뵱Һ˵ЩҲûá
-

210°̸

ΰſŵף覣촽˶ȴʲôûз

ף覻عͷĿһۣ¶һЦݡ
˶ǮȨĿԶġ
һȣܻѸٷѿ׳ɳ
ΰµˣ̫ûеõʶôԶֻһ³־Ĵأ
ԼĵĲ飬£ΰˣϵõϢҪĶࡣ
ףߵһСԱߣץһС˿
ѡĵǲ
ΰ˵ǵȻ۳õ۵ġ
ףЦһðɣҪʲôʱ͵һЩεӣǲõӷŽӶ˭ܲó۳Իؿ۵ķɶء
ΰŵɫ΢΢һ䣬ף覵ҲЩ˸
ף覺Ȼعͷ˵۸Ժ۳ôģ־ְˣӦûгԹĻؿ۰ɣ
ΰЦףСⲻǿЦôܸɳ飿
ף覵˵ûɹͺãȻԺҪڳˣ۸ɾͲˡGǸ֪֪˭Թؿۣ
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ףЦЦ۸ǲǺѽ
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ף˵۸ûشҸղŵأ֪֪˭Թؿ۰
ΰŵͷܿף覶ϤһеĿ⣬Щŵ˵ô֪Ҫ֪ҲҲǲ뵽𣿡
ףü֪һǲ룬ҲпͰӰȻ۸֪ǾˡͷҿʱˣûȤ£ں۳﷢
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ΰһ㶣ף覽нԶӰüͷ
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ΰСһθȥʵףС㣬۳ٶˣȫҪһ𣿡
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ΰ˵ֻǲףСװ˷ʱѡ۳ôҪɶء
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ף˵꣬߹һĨЦ˴СĲֿ⡣
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ףЦЦ˲Ҫô˯زҲˣһͳԱɡ
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ΰŸɱ˵һǡת뿪ˡ
ף覺ؼһȥ˳칫ҡ
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ΰųĬƬ̣ҡͷûУףС֪ͨ㣬Ҫ̸顣ҿڲֿתһȦ
³־ûɣæ칫˹ȥ
ߵ칫ǰ³־š

³־۽ǵʺ˽ȥףС㣬ң
ף覿ΰһۣȳȥɡ
ΰһ㶣Щε߳˷䡣
ٹŵһ˲ףЦе³־˵³
³־ף覺ؼǰ
ףƳһ۹ϵķţЦ³ѵͦ졣
³־˵˰£˯ò࣬ҾСһѵÿ졣
ͦܳ
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211ʲôٵۣ

ףûнҴһӣƿϸֱʵıñ˵ȻˣǾ̸̸۳ľӪɡ
ףڱд³־֡
Ȼ˵³ںôãʲô뷨𣿡
³־˵ûаҾǰæµģʲô뷨
ף򴽣ֱʵ³۳۵飬ôģ
³־ʵʲôٵۣ
ף̧
ĿϬ³־ߵĵ׶û
ף覵ĺ촽˶˵ȥ꣬ÿһ£۳ܻһۡ£Ϊһ֪
Ŷ˵¶³־¶һȻӣ˵֪Ǵ˵˵ʲô١ҧĽֵˣǶ٣
¡ףЦЦ³˵˵ôİɡ
ؼ̧ͷ³־һۣҲ¶һЦݡ
Ҫʼˡ
ؼҲ֪ԼǸ˵ף覴Ǹ˵թ
ףѧҲżʱ䣬ЩСıãȴһҲȱ˲
ֻҪ˽̹һΣܾһãõǳ䲻⡣ͺ֪ЩƲҪôЧŻһ
ףףʫˣ̳ŮҲ֪
ף̳ĶӣףȴǸ۶֮࣬ˡ
ؼ籾ΪףҲףҵһ⡣ǵף観Ժŷ֣ԭףҲֻףһ
ףھ̷ͷԣ̣һ˶Ҫĸߡ
Ŵףеŵ㣬Ȳ籨ԵЦҲúڰ뷨Կ硣
Ҫʲôؼ뵽ĵһǴ̵õ廨
ĶˣȴҲ̡ʲô˶ܴ
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ʮӺ³־߲Ŵ򿪰칫˳
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³־߳ʹ˸񣬵˵ȥɣûʲô£Ҳʡһˣû˼ˣͲʻˡ
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ߵ칫ߣϸղŵϣ˵ףСҪĳԱղѾˡ
ף覿һΰµŷ죬ЦЦŤͷؼ˵ز鷳ȥѷŹغá
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ף˫ʮָϣ̧ͷΰ˵ʼɣ۸
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ΰĻΪԼ׵ףС㣬ֻ۳ûҿûйϵ
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ؼһ׸ɾıӣϴϴŵ裬ŵף覺ΰǰ
ؼΰŵļЦţǵһι۳øõĹ۳ɼ
ΰһĬڵİӲ豭ðоؼߵЦݺ񶼴һر⡣
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ףÿһ£˵ÿһ仰ľս
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212²Ǵ

ⲢΰŵĴÿһף覵ˣ۵ˣйĸоЩ϶Դף覵ˣȴûоף覿¹
ΪǲõԼʲôܱ˷֣ܸܵģҲֻף覵ů
ΰ鰡
ף覣ԽԽܵʡ
Լһ˵ͻᱻף覾סͷ˿ࡣ
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ܱأҲпϡ
ⲻҪʵص㡣
ף覵˫ֽ°ϣǶ꣬۳ٴ۵飬ôģ
ΰźȻ̧ͷף覣졣
ףʵ۸ô˵ˣ
۳⣬ȻӦҪһʱ٣ҪͨϣǲǸ۳Ĩ𡣡
ףЦЦķӦǿ죬֪˵ʲô顣
ԣֱӾֽ⣬˵˽ˣӦΰţ³־ߡ
ѡˡ
ףڱд¼֣ʵôЩ۵ģ
ΰ˵ͼѼˣټ򵥴һ£ϡЩͼȥۣͻز
ף覵¶һЦݡ
ؼ翿Բһʵȷ۸ҪҪ룿
ΰɻؿؼ磬ΪʲôҪ˵仰
ף˵۸ͬ⣬Ҳʹ³֪Ĵʲô𣿡
ΰһѡ˳Ĭף覰ǰıת˰ȦӶ׼ΰţ˹ȥ
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ΰŵͷһļţͳһ
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ͳһĸ⣬ϻдĶЩ³־ߵһЩһ
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ףջԼıӣ˵ұΪ۸ж³û뵽ֻһССĲԣͲˡ
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ΰһαף覶ס˻
ףϵǱȲһڣİɫʱסףϬߡ
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ΰһĭһ˫ڴȵĿϽŵش˴ꡣ
ף˵һҪϺüأÿѲ鳧Ҳû˼Ǵģ
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213

ΰʵҪҶʲô
ף覴λվߵΰŵı˵ҾͶģжԺ֮ڣᱻ³ȻƳֻ򡣡
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ΰŵƤ
ˣף覲ں˭ֻҪһеζѣǸ˾³־߻ԼԶûӰ졣
ףѾ֪۳ˣֻʲô³־߻ᱣ
ЩΰŵԺǻȥΰͷۡ
ԼҲһ϶Ĵ𰸣ֲԸף˵ǸĽ
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ǿϣ³ҲӦòĲ
ףһΪƻ³֮βô˵
³˵ܾãһż𰸡֮ԴԼ֣ΪԼܸҪĴ𰸡
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ף観Ҫ뿪۳ģ뿪ˣ۳ﻹ³˵㣬ǾԲܰʱ
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ΰŽȥԺ³־߾һֱſڵš
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칫ű򿪣³־ߵһۿؼ硣
ؼÿһ·ΰŴ󻺻˳
뵽ף覺ؼ綼³־߶ΰʹ˸ʾԼĵط˵
˭֪ʱף覵ִﴫ˳۸ԣ鷳ҽһ¶ʦ
ΰŵ˵ͷ֪ˡ
³־Ҫΰţ·˵ͱؼס³СҪȲ裬û˭ˣ鷳ȥһɡ
³־߻ͷؼϵɫˮüͷ
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³־˵ףС㣬ǻһ˹ؼͺˣ۸гҪء
ף覵Խΰţ䵽³־ϣ飬鷳³һˡΰţҲɣվŶۡ
ΰףıӣߵ¡
ͷ³־һۣ˵³ҰףС㴦飬ٺ̸顣
³־üһת߳˰칫ҡ
칫ŹԺ³־ߵĵײֹ
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³־°ͣףӦ֪ΰԼ˰ôΰţ
֮ǰԼ̸ʱף覶Ҫΰء
ǲ̸˶ʮӣף覾ȻͲܻˣΰŰæ¼εĺܰ
칫ף覶ΰ¶һ΢Ц
ΰſ˿ſڵķüͷ
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ԼҪ³һ
ף覿ŵ飬Цһ
۸³ǾͲ¶ıŶԣȻһǵĶԼҺܿҪӮˡ
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214Զٷ

һ磬ף覲ûĽ˵̸
ֻѡԵ˼ͬ˽˼̵̸ΰ¼һг̰žˡ
ӵʱף覾뿪˺۳
ڻףҵĳϣؼʵӹ𣿡
ףһͷ˵ܲã³־ߵķӦ֪ˡ
ֻһССĲԣ³־ֳ߱һ㲻ΰŵӣļƻͿС
ؼָЦЦҿͷԣһҲ˾˲۳Ҳ˽ˣҾͲˡ
ף覵ͷô˵컹鷳زˡ
ף뿪Ժ³־߾ͼææ߽˰칫ңץסΰʵ춼˵ʲôˣ
ΰŴû˵ʲô˳飬˵ץһ˶³磬Ժ»Сһɡ
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³־ָ˵ҿף覶ܲͬ
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³־˵֮󣬾ͻԼȥˡ
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ףҵӶ˶ܶ£ƣҲûйȥǰһˮԺͻس׼ȥˡ
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215Ҳ̫

ף˫ֻأЦһ
ǾԼһӦĳԷԼˣŻȿúô磿
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覴Сʹһǿġ
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ףԥһ£ҲЩ׼ӦòǺɣһʱҿүү׽
ףֵ̯˼潨ҵҪ㣬ȴ潨ҵֱõĻֵ˸˳ⲻǹȻ潨ҵ˵ʶ𣿡
ף˵˺ӳ죬ҲΪҳһĻ
ףЦҪô˵أӳǻ潨ҵҲǸԺô꣬϶ҲԼֶΡ˼潨ҵԼû붯ֳӳأҪŲʲôģ
ףһҡ
ʵ̫ˣһ뵽ЩܵЩ඼Ϊӳ죬ĵ׾ͺѹ
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ף˵ؽôҲа˰ɣϽյҼҵҲˣҲһֱӪĺܺá潨ҵΪʲôӳһţͰ潨ҵҪúӳ졣
ף覵ȥ˾ô˵Ҳе
ף˵лڸÿǵĲ³ͺӳĹϵǺ⡣ʱҪǲȰѺӳֻҪһһվͿ˵²ģ潨ҵ㡣
ףҧҧ֪ҽҲ⡣һѺ۳áҲŹᡣ
ףҡҡͷ㻹ǲס
ף򴽡
ף˵覰飬ֻĽǶȿ㻹ô潨ҵĽǶȥһ˵һγɹذ³ͺӳ죬С״úӳʧȥţ潨ҵ붯ӳʱ򣬰˸ˣ潨ҵܸ𣿡
Ҳ֪潨ҵԺһļϲġ
ӳԶôˣûжôġ
öԷ̨ǲģҪԼҲȫˡ
ףȻĬãŶף̵飬˾˾Ҫô׵
ף˵û鷢
ףȻʲô
Ϊ˲ǻ˲ٹôԵû鷢
ף˵˾ˣ˼ҡ̫ס
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216ҲҪ³

ףһĨζЦ潨ҵƻһĿǰƽʱ򣬱һ³ͷʱ޿Ҫѹӳϱ϶ϲȫ֪ͥ˵ϱ
жѣѵ˵ġ
ףԺҪ޽ҵˣھΪһӳԼĺ·ˣԺ˸飬˭ܰ
ѵԶһҪǲأ
ҪԼıһ·ġ
ף覵üͷ壬ԣ˾˵˼ǣһξץס˺ӳİѱ˴ƵһҲʧȥ潨ҵԺԶ֧ţֵá
ף˵ͷ
ô˵ף覶˶ʮķף˾˵ļ⣬ȻҪף覵ĸһ㡣
ף覵ɫһĳôȥˣ̫˺ӳˡ
ף˵ǿδأҪһκӳ죬Ҳûа취ֻ״ҲǺнһ¡
ףǰսһ㣬˵ʱĵӣ۵ۡĥ
ף観˼һЦ˳
֪ôˣҴ֪۳ʲô£ǹ̶ҵ̬̫ˣҵȥүүʡãҲˣүүһҲ֣
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ҪǸֱ̫ףԵ˰йܣȡ
ȰѺˣô飬װԼʲôֻ֪ȥ潨ҵüĿǾ飬潨ҵԼҲһۡ
ʱȹȫ潨ҵ棬Ҳ潨ҵ֪飬ȫ
һʱⲻӳ첻ҪֻҪүүԼ˲ɵ˼ӳȻõûкӹ
һѪһеӳĺ·ףͽ飬ܹˡ
潨ҵʼˣ³־ߺΰˣȥ潨ҵǰ߶߶һҲͶˡ
ʱԵò
ףףЦЦ˾ͺá
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ף˵Ҳ룬˾˱˶ķ
飬ף覸оԼϵĵӶ˲١£ΨһҪ飬ǹú۳⡣
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һֱԼûбý㣬ԲҪõıĺӡ
ϣӵһùޣý֡
ףϣĽһһ޷ͷ·
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ףûлش𣬴󲽳۳ȥ۸أ
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Ϊ˱ף覺ΰŹĽӴӰΰţ³־߼һЦף˵۸еæʲô飬ҸףС㣬ΪףС㰰ǰҲһġ
ף˫ֻؿ³־ߡ
ûôأ³־߾ȷΰŵĹȽӴˡ³־ߺΰ֮ΣΪĻҪ
ף˵һҲҪ³۸һ㡣
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ת뿪Ժ³־ߵɫٶȳ
ף覵Ҫʲôã
ףڰ칫һΰžͱˡ
ΰŵףС㣬ʲô£
Ҳ֪ף覵ҪʲôΪʲôƫƫ
·Ѿ³־ߡ㡱һˣɲףʲôܵ
ף˵۸һ˽۳ľӪɡм˲Ҫһһ
ΰ˲
˲ɲ˿ġ
ĸҲٽӴ˲ϵ顣ף覾ȻҪ˲
ǳһ
ΰµ˵ҡ
ףɨ³־һۣЦ۸ΪһϰЩӦõģ㲻õ㡣
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217µڶ̳

ΰһ㶣û˼
ףں˵˵Щʲô
ף̧ۿ³־߻վԭزߣ˵³æȥɣҺ۸Ҫˡͻرһ¡
ζˣֱҪ³־ߡ
³־߲ؿף˵ףС㣬ô˵ҲǺ۳ĳʲôҪ£ӦһŶԡ
³־߾ͷף覺ΰء
һ˱ͨʲôԼҪֶԸ
ͺӳĴ绰ʱ򣬺ӳҲΰšΰŸף¶һʲô̶
ףôԵİԼ֧һҪĻˡ
ΰҲף˵ǰףС㣬³Լˣòŷ
ףСҪƻ³֮ĹϵҪ³־߱һԼĲС
ףƳΰһۣü˵Ȼ۸Ҫ³ɡ
֮⣬³־Ƕǿΰŵϣף覲ͬġ
ΰŲƴҪƫҪ³־߾ΰ֮Ĺϵһ㡣
֮һ죬ף覶Ǻ³־߻ΰһȹġ
һף覺ΰһ˱ѯ򵥵һЩ̵Ϣ
覸е˵ǣ۳Ĺ̲ûбӳȫϴǻ˼ǰϹӦڡ
ŪһԺף覾ʹȥǡ
Ҳ֪ЩںԺȻ۵ģʲôˡ˵̸̸۳⣬취һӡ
ں۳һ죬ף覵˰ʱֲ׼뿪
ף覿һ۱ϵʱ䣬Ƿ㡣
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ΰŹһ˵ףСˣǲˣΪԱΪ£Ӧõġ
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ף覱㳯Լĳ߹ȥ߶³־ߺΰ˵ȥ¥󷹵еԶҵĳһȥɡ
ΰԵЩнƺǾúףϰһЩ׵
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ף覵ĽŲ͵ɲסǰ˱ס˰ȫ롣
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ף覵ĵһо˱ȲܼγĴڣҪ
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ףСԽ۳￴һۣϷʵʵףСӦæ˰ɣ׼ȥĶ
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ףһԱ˵Ŀȣղŵʵ㲻ǿ
³־߼֮ղԣǰүǽæ꣬ףС׼ȥԷء
üͷһ壬֮ǰ绰ȥң˵Ҫף観ԷûӦ
ף覾ȻҪ۳ԱȥԷ
ףǿѹҸɾܾ
ף˵ãһףСԷûɣʹҲûء
ףƳЦ飬ĵϼֲͷ
ִţžܾȻҵ
ףܵҪ³۸Էٵ뻹Ƿŵ´˵ɡ
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219ǲһ

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˵ʹСʱֿԺ󣬺ܶû˰ɣ
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һ㶣Ťͷף覣һֱ̬ȶԴԼԭ
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ףֱ˫ʵ˵İָͨڱ˵һУԼĺ𣿡
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ףϣһ˵ݣĿ⣬δɩӡ
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220¾˾

һֱΪصĺܺõĵص棬ôףǰ¶ɫʱñҪ컹Ҫѿ㡭
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ףһֱıģһֱװʿͺһ̼Ҫάֲȥ
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ף覿Ǹûӣĵ׳첻ѡ
ҪԷҲҪ׷ԼʶϬһ㣬ôԵͺӳЩԸЩ顣
ŷԱϺڵĲˣǱ߶ڽһֱһλϵ³־߿ļۡ
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ף˵˾˽պڸ̸飬ȥ㣬ղż˾վں¥棬ͽһ
λһԲؿǣʲôʱߡ
˭֪ףƳһۺ󣬾Ȼץסף覵֣˵ȸ˾˻ؼң˾еҪ˵
һ㶣ֹףڳԷأʲô飬߳Ա˵
ףȻûĳɣףҲе㿴ͷòĺףһԷĻᣬôףô˴ߣ
ףܾĸɴ࣬ˣףҵ˽£ʺ˵ǰ˵
ͲʲôƢˣ仰յףǰ·٣Ҳûôɴİ˴ߵ˵ɣ
ףѾҪףǣˣ⻰ͣ˽Ųͷ
ףҵˣף˵ʲôԣ
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221һڷ

վһֱôţ˭ҲûҪһ˼
˵ǾҪһˣףʲô˽£ǲ֪ģǲҵԼ𣿡
ףһ
ףҺҾҲ覺֮飬ûʲôϵףҲûаٵǵġԼˡףҵ飬ȻҲֲʡ
Ҫһ˵ĹϵһףףעһԼ˵Ļףǳһ׵ˡ
һҲӣֱӰףҺĹϵһԶ˸ɾ˵ף覻Ҫɴࡣ
ףһƨëͷСӡ
˵ҵԼˣͲȺ˵Լˣô
Ȩˣûǰôʲô
ףһף覵֣ˡ
ף覶ߵļ¶һǸЦݣǸˡԼԺúȺá
һߵſڵף뵽ʲô˻
·ڴͳһǮóǮŵϡ
һ㶡
ף˵˼λԷʵǲ˼ٷ롣
ף˵꣬ʹףﳤȥˡ
ϵǼǮֽ߬ȭͷ
ѵȱһٷǮףˣڳЦ
³־߿ǮֿһҲҳˡ
Ťͷ³־ߣһֱں۳
³־ʵ⼸ȷһֱں۳
ҧҺúýѵѵ֪ҵ˭˵ã
Ҳӣǵף観Եͷɣ
һүүϼףԺһֱﲻʱͻḡֳɳȵˣҲ
ؼң³־ߺ绰˵ף覻˽ȥ˺۳Ѳ顣
һλûкף覻ǿǸˡĵ׻ϲû֣ĺף覽Ӵĺûᡣ
֮͸ףҴ˵绰Լף観Էף˾Ȼֱ˵ûпգܾԼ
ͱųԵ̬ȥ˺۳ˣײף覡ףһһٷ
ףһֱԼĶʲôɫ
ףȻڰ˴Ժ󣬸Ǯ
ǾȻô
ҵĶүǵڶ̳ˣԺҲҪɴġ
ôҪҲųԵͷɣ
ΰһ㶣ѵ٣Ǻ۳ϰ塭
ݺһΰţҵ⻹кܶڹܣʲô㲻ף覽ֺ۳մһĹ⣬ܳʲô£
ѾףӰĺ¥ſڿһۣݺݵ˵Ҫǲѵһ£ΪԼж˲ˣ
Ȼף覲Ծƣף観Էƣ
Ůֶǲ̫Ǻ
¼Ķ
ΰŵĵ˵ҪǱˣǿɾ͡
ǶǳԱڳףڹܣʲô鶼ף˵㡣
ҪǱףץסʲôѱףҪǹǹָͷܰ쵽飡
ΰŲɵƵĿװס
ԼҪҲôǵǹʹɣ
ϰΧ˶˵һбʾӡ
ΰƺԸĻƢʱͱš
վΰ˵ΰţ˵ףߵͦİ
ΰһ㶣ôᴫٵĶף£Ҳô֪
ѵ³鱨˺ӳ죬ٴģΰŤͷ³־ߣ¶˼ֻɡ
Ǿζ³ͲԼ
³־߱ΰһͷΰŵߣҿΰŵ۾
˵ΰţҼסˣһжģûݹʲôǡҪΪף覸ã˱ҡβͳȥ
ΰԣ촽һɫҲҲᡣһֱվںϰһߵġ
ЦãҪǸʲôԲ飬һԲ˶ߣڶ͵ôӽҹ
ڽҪԸһΰˣһֻСһ򵥣
ΰҪǸұǣһΰڽȥ
һ߿˽űߵĵӣߵΰǰ
ָ˴ΰϴĹװЦҪڽúֻҪúõİǵҪ¾ˡҲԸһڷԡ𣿡
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222ҹͨ

ΰŵͷˡ
ݺݵײһΰŵļҲ߳˺¥
ΰ̧ͷ³־ߣ³־ָıôô¶ҲܷԵ˵ʲôŷԸˣ
ΰŵ³
³־߲ͷ˵ˣ˵ˣԷôһӲˣ˷ˣԲһԴȥأ
³־˵ţ̧ͷֿϵһƿƣ϶ʱ¶ռ˱˵Цݡ
ơǰǿ˺ȣԼҲܳˡ
ΰżԼ³־˵ͨɴ죬
ף覺ףһϳ뿪Ժ󣬳³һףһ̾þ˾Ŀ죡Ȼһ֪Ҫã
ףͷһۣ֪Ҿ˾ȳ
ףղ˵Ҫ̸ʵǵһڶѡ
֮ǰףǡף̸⡣
ףľǺ¥
³־һ극ȥףһȥû뵽·ɱ˳ļƻ
ףƬҲԸղ³֮ǰͽ˾˾˺¥ԺҸ뿪ȥף
ףԳݴԼ뿪Ҳ˵ʲô
ףǸˣһ֪ʲôöҵ񣬶ĺܡ
ף̧Դ˾ܾȵһΣԺˣôأ
ף˵ԺԺ˵ɡҿ챻ĲᣬԺӦöôƵҳԷˡټ棬Ҳװ
һӵ˼ȴҪһԼ𾴵ӣ࿴һ۶öġ
ԺɵСˡף˵
ʢף覲ͬףǶֳصĸо
ףü˾ˣڵʲô
˾˴¶ȵֽɫھ˾˿Ӧ΢ĲŶԣþ˾˵ɣ
ף͵䣬ָʲôʱءԺСһɡ
ףҲ̳ʮˣ˵㱾»еġףСģ˵СĵıҪ
Ǻˣһĺܡ
覰ˣĵ׻мֵĵġ
ǷԼϣȻûʲôµģô˵һŮˣԿĵطʵ̫ˡ
ף覵˵ͷԭ˾Ϊǡ
ףһ˫ӿ˾ˣİɣѾˣչ˺Լġ
ףûٶ˵ͷ
ؼԺף観Թ¥Ϣˡ
˯ǰİӶ̻һţ̣ף覺Ժˡ
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áӶҲȥ
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ߵĵ绰ͨһ绰롣
Ѿҹŵ룬˺һ绰Žͨá
ף
绰ͷһ㶣Ȼû뵽ôˣף绰
ݵĳĬ󣬵绰ͷ˵ףá
ף˵ô˴绰㣬ϣûдŵϢ
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ףȻѾףף֮ϵࡣ
ף̣ףʱ绰ǣףҪĻҪ˵
̽һλȥί
һֱ˱覣£ԼӦǵһʱ֪ģӦûгʲô¡
ףҲί
˳ף壬Һܿ覣һҪɡԺҲΪһˡʲôֱ˵š
̬ȼᶨ˵Ҳɴ࣬ףҲͲٶȦӡ
ף˵׵ʱҵ̬֪ġ
ı򣬡֪ͬҺ飬ףүүһ޳ɣҲҵõŻԼ
ף飬еĲһ˳
һαϺȥףʱĳҲףףʱף֪Ժ󣬾ֱӾܾ׵Ҫ
ƶᣬεŰݷãף
һףҵĳǴϥ̸˺ܾãףҴӦ¡
ףʵôãҲļˣ֪ҵΪʲô𣿡
ĬĬ֪
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223ϰ

ĺ¹һ£˵Сʱļͥϣδĵطһļңӵļͥ
Ϊףҵĳ뷨⡣
ף˳׾ͺáʵһֱڣҶΪδɷҵ˶ãñʲôƻ룬һ覼޸㡣
覲ֻףһŮô򵥣Ҳףף˼ļС
ΪԼ׽ĲңףκһˣϣףҸ
Ӧ׮£ף˼
ܺúõչף覣ףȻԼĴ㣬¡
һ㶣ûʲôƢף˵ⷬػףĵףһѾ˺صĵز
üҳʲô£˵ҿԽ
ף˵ҵǸүҹˡ
һ㶣ȥ覸ʲô
ݵĴԺ뵽һԺɳ߿Ƶ覵
Ļ
ȤҲδ֪
ĵţͷףּ˵Ҳ֪ʲôĿǰҵĿǣ覲⣬˶Ů˲е뷨
ʵף壬ܲϸ˵˵
ףҲǲˣ͵ʹ绰覸һȥԷˡü˾ܾˡû뵽ȥ۳覣覺һٷ·ϣ覺˵ˣܲԡ
ףݲõľɩ׵ĳ¡
Ժ޽ңϾСӡ
ȥɧ覣ףͷĶһٳǴ绰ϸ˵ѾǺкˡ
ףʱ绰ӦҲڵ˯¡
ף³һףȻ㲻ʲô׹壬ǶŮҲǺܱҲϣԺȥңҪһһӦǸĵСӡ
绰ͷҧǸ˶
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ף˵֮˵ĻҾ˵ʣµ飬ԼŰɡҲٹˡ
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һûа취Ըǲ֡
ȥ覣Ҳ˵Ҫ̸覴Ӱ·ϴߡ
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ֵǷǷӰЩ˵ĹϵǶҪĵġ
û֤Լͬĸֵܲȥɧ覣ôԺ覺һͥԱأ
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˵绰Ժ󣬾߻Լķ䡣ӣһ·һ䣬ɫشӷ˳
ףһ˯
ڶ𴲣ľͷ˭á
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ף覰ļ˵ţ۳Ѿ˽ĲˣҪȥʶһº۳Ĺ̡ԺʱҲ̸
ףĻԺ󣬲طıֽ
ôãû⹫Ůû޳ȥأͳóȥˮˡ
⻰Ȼмִζ
ף覺ףһۣԼհõļݸף⹫Լ깩̾Ͳˣʱһòã
ףƿݹļ˱ֽ˵֪ͲӦˣҲʡĹҵ£ҲҶꡣүӲ´μ棬ҵ˵˵
ףҲף˵û⹫㡣
ףҧһڰ۵ļ̵˵֪ңǷģûȶҺء
ôҪҪô
ֻҪǲģǾҵô˳ۣô¡
򵥳Թ緹ף覾ͳˡ
ףҪȥ˽й򽨣۳˺üĹ̡
ڽҲԼר۵һ棬ҲۣҲܴͬڽҲͦһˡ
˲٣ڽҲ˼׷ҲרŵȰµˣԹƽʱŵϰ塣
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観Ժ󣬾ֱȥ˹򽨵ŵ
򽨵ŵ꿪ڽһĵضΣͽۡ
˾͵ǰף³Ժֱ˽ȥ
ŵŲۣЩŵԼģòԶĵطһֿ⣬۶ͬĲͬС̷ġ
һС̷ۣǴӹĻ
С̷ǲһ湩̣һԴӲͬ۳ĵͼۡÿҪСʮʮȡ
Ծȥ۳õۼ۸Ҳ˵ȥ۳ΪСҲôЩС̡Сڻѹ
ԴҶԸӹһЩۣȥ۳ֱ
ЩС̾ǹ򽨵ӯԴҲЩͷԺõг
ƽʱ˺٣ף覱˵ҪԺŵԱֱӾʹȥ˺Ļҡ
һңף覾Ϳһʮߣһ̣߳һ߷ֱߵ˱
ϰ壬㡢Ա˵Ժ˳ȥ
ףǰһֻ֣ϰãף覣½ֺ۳ˡ
ϼָֻ̣գɣûϰǸƯŮ
ף覲ڹ򽨵Ķǹ򽨷еĻȴûȥ
ˣֻҪһòģŮ
Ժ۳⣬ҽܡҽҪҪ͹ϰ̸
ֵ˵̻ңŶ
˵һɣϰһ¡ף覿Ź˵ҲˣӺ۳һֱڸ۳̡ԣǰ飬ӦҲ֪
ֵ̧Ķһͣɫһ̣ǰŵȻ̫󣬵Ҳ٣֪ףС˵ʲô飿
򽨷ϣףƺһ㶼⣬ɨɨȹЦӳΪ鱣ܣӦø㲻ٺô
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ӳŪôһ飬Ϊһ̣ӦҲӴ˵ʱۣû
򽨴ѡ˳Ĭ
ȻûгϣҲûзף˵Ļ
ף覼ȻΪǼڵȻ˵ࡣ
һҧ֪ڲǼ飬ף覾ʲôõϢò
ף覼״ݸȻᣬҲ֪Ĺء˱˵ķڷѣҪű˵ܡȻԺͲˡ
ЦЦϺһ˵ףСĻҲס
ϣףҲգƢ˵ϰŷϡҶˣϰܰѹ̵ô󣬱ض򵥣Ӧ׻ҵĵ
һ㶣ң
˵⻰ʲô˼ҪʲôԼԱ
ף覵˫ֵ°£Ź˵ϰ岻˵˵ӳǰʲôô˵ܸõأ
ף覵񶼱ˡ
Ȼôֱӣ͸Լ̸
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ᣬû뵽µʱҲǸˡ
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ףŤͷһȵÿ컹Ľиͣǰ
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ף覵üð
ܱǮģһҲܱǮ˿ڡˡ
򽨻Ȳ裬˵е̸
򽨲һȲˣ԰칫ﲢûг׵Ĳߡ
ףһӣһͨҶٵ˵ˮͰѲ豭ף覶˹ȥ
Ȳ衣ף覶ʵףСģ
ף˵ףҡ
򽨵ָò豭ͷ˵۳⣬үӽİɡ
ףζ֪˲١
ҵ⣬ҵ飬ùҲ֪ҪôǺӳǰ֨ˣҪôǳ˴˷
ôһ̣϶гߵýԱ
򽨺ٺһЦ֪Ĳ٣ҲࡣЩͺϵõḶ́Ҳûͷ
ף覵ͷһЦ˴ȵĲˮ
Ȼ⣬ףСȥˣ
⻰ǸӣҪ̽ף覵Ŀڷ磬ǲк֣ǲǻб£ѡ
ֳ׻
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225²ǿ

ף覲ļƣһˣÿϰĳ⡣ǹϰҽĵһˡ
û˵ԼЩ·ףҲ뿴֪Ķ಻ࡣ
ЦףСԼܹܺ۳ã
ף覣ϰôʲô˼
̧Լ˵ӳ쵱ҵĺôɲСףСҵ˶㲻ϣףСôĺô
ף覵̧̧ۣʨӴ󿪿ڣ
ɫ˵ǰ飬ҵȷ֪һЩ˲˽顣
ף覺һڲ裬˵ǲ֪ùϰ忪ڣҪʲôǮ
¶˺ЦҪԺҵۣٿʮٷֵ㡣
ףһ㶣ôࣿ
ֶŵ
էһʮٷֵȷǺܶࡣ
һ۵۾ͰʮǮĻʮٷֵ㣬ҲֻǰվſǮĲֿ⡣
ǵֱŴԺһʲСǮ
̣һ²ֿôҲʮٷֵҲǧǮ
Ҫǣף覿ǰ۳ļ۸
ΪÿҪ࣬ĳ۸Ѿһ˵ʮٷֵˡ
۵ģǱ۸Ҫٽȥ˵ۼ۸񣬺Լû
ļ۸һԺ󳤾öð۸⡣
򽨵͵ǲСһҧôһ⣬Ҳҭţ
򽨿ף観ĬãʵףС㿼ǵô
ף覵ͷ˵ϰδе˰ɡ
Ӫ۳ģΪһ𰸣ͰѺ۳·ơ
ףСǸսֺ⣬Բžù֡ǰ򽨹ͣͣϰɾôӦҵġ
ףһ㶣ӳ쵱Ҳְ취ù򽨷ڵģ
ǺӳѪ
ҲǣЩҵҵģӳһֱҲûзֵʲôʵԵĺôúȥڣӳҲۡ
Ҫͷ˺ӳĺôԺ󣬻ٴϵõͷ
ף˵ĺôġ¹ϰ֪Щֵĺô
һĴȣ˵ǴϢֵǮ
ףĵ˵ǿδأ㲻˵ҲܲµĴš
ЦЦףС㣬ɲһɡ
ף˵۵⣬ǰ飬֪ˣҪ飬ҲжӰ졣ϰȫ飬ҲֵǮ
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ףСʲô˼ңȥ㡣ףС˵Ҫҵĳ⣬ҿףСԼȴûʲôⰡ
ף覵ͷЦЦҪĳ⣬ɲֻйϰ˵ĵô򵥡ϰҪĳ⣬ҵȻҲԸҵĳ⡣
۾ԼǰŮе㲻򵥣ףСҪ֪ʲô
ף˵Ҫ֪ʲôҪ顣ҪõԽ࣬ôܹأ
ףҲ򽨵ʱ˵һ٣˹򽨵θԺ˵Ҫ֤
ʵʲô֤
ף˵һҪ˭ʺ۳ﵱ飬Ҫ棬֤ǰ鶼ġ
ϵƶʱ
С֤飬͡
ǴӦ˺ӳΪǰ鱣ܣٴγӳ죬Ѿǲˡٳָ֤֤ӳ쵱飬ǰԼܹˣ
Ժͺӳ֮䣬һٺˡ
ڽ⣬ǵͷ̧ͷģףҲ̫ˡҪ취׵ؾĺ·
ף覰Լ･Ĳŵϡ
ղŹϰҽǸٷֵʱ򣬲ͦˬнгĲŽ⣬ֻҪӺ۳õôȴ֤ϰԼ飬ֵʮٷֵ𣿡
򽨱ףʵҪ֤ʵΪˡ
룬˵Ȼ飬ףС֮û̸£Ǿûа취ˡ
֤飬ͬھĺ·
ף飬û֮ʮٷֵ󣬲ӰԼ⡣
Ҫĳ֤ˣԺڽ˵ñӳѹһǲĲð졣
Ȩ֮£ȻѡĬ
ףҧҧȻϰ嶼ô˵ˣҲǿѱŹϰ档
򽨺ǺǵЦ
ף΢΢һЦ˵ҹϰԭ飬ڵһ̸ˣǽ̸ڶɡ
-

226ġŵ

ڣϰ廹ףС㣬˵
ףЦе˵ǰ۳ǺӳڹԸϰۼ۸ҲǶչ˵ġںڹķ棬ҷе׼򣬿ܺͺӳ첻̫һϣϰԺҲϰߡ
ʵﲻһ
ף˵ͷʲôǼۣԱĹҲҪǣ۵ĳɱˣȻ۸Ҳ͸ˡԹϰǰں۳еЩڱ˵ۿۣԺûˡ
Ļ䣬򽨵ɫͶʱ
ƵʵףС㣬ôɾͲˡ
ף覷в
ףЦĶΪǮȻϰͺ۳ѾܶˣǺ۳Ҳһֱǣ
ָϵ˱˵Ǹ۸ǺӳʹӦҵģͶ궼ۣ
ϰ壬Ѿˡף覵Ӧļ۸񣬺ʲôϵ
ףС㣬㻹ᣬɲ
ףüʵǩͬ𣿡
һҭûġ
ף֪˵ʲôҲͬ
ǰں۳ʱ򣬾ͰѽĴ׮׺ͬһˡ
Ȼ۳һֱṩ۶ܵͣǩĴͬûй涨ͼ۵ĺͬ
ԾǺڲ֮ǰĵͼˣҲΥĹء
ں۳ϰ廹Ǻӳ죬۵ۣȻᰴ֮ǰԼ
ںѾˣףҪۣҲһ仰顣򽨿ԲϣҲԸ׳н
˵ˣġŵ
򽨳ĬһץסʲôСβͣʮ˵ףС㻹̫ᣬûӳ֮ԻҵͼֻۣΪסһЩ顣
ף覺ЦǻΪʲôΪ˽ƣ
˵ȻΪᾭǼԺ˴죬ֻÿ´Ӻۣűס˺ûе̫ݣףСҪһۣԺ¾Ͳܱ֤ϵˡ
ף覵ϰ㡣
Ȼв
˵ҲǾ¶ѡ
˭֪򽨵вɹףͣĻԺЦǹϰɾͶˣֶһܱסġ
򽨲ҿδذɡ
ֲСӣҲ֪ԼԺļֵ
ףҪҵһˣɲסһŻԼҪԼòߣɲһף
ףȴ˵ÿʮ֮һĹҶϰļ۸ӦҲ⡣ϰãǵʱ᲻أ
֮ǰף覵С̣Ȼͼ۴Ӻۣ˵ۼ۸ûн
еȫǹһˡ
ԾʱתְˣԺʵҲûʲôӰġ
ÿ¶Ҫõͼȥôۣһ˶е󣬲ɢ֮
ôСǶԺӺøСֻһҪ𺦹򽨵ֱˡ
ף覿ɲں򽨵档ҪúøãдǰĹҳһͬˡ
򽨲ܳΪݣǺӳصצֻȰѹ򽨸ˡ
ù򽨳ΪصĻ
һɫ˼֡
ף覵ֶλǸ
水ףô˵ˣԺ⣬һܴܵӰ졣
ȣԺٴӺ۳ۼ۸һߺܶࡣٰˣеˡ
ΣǰһЩС̣ҲֱӴӺ۳ˣҪʧһ롣
Ըвף覻̫һ㣡
ڽôḶ́ҲмԼġ
˵۶ǴĻҿɲֻһҵۡ᲻⣬ҿұףС㲻ҪѺλðڵ̫ˣⲻôġ
򽨱Ҫףѣ˭֪ףȫľ档
ףƿµվԹ΢΢׵ǹϰĿԴɡȻ̸ùϰ岻ˣǺԺӭϰֻۣǼ۸ϻЩ䶯
ѾûһʼòͿֻĺһ
ףת߳˰칫ҡ
úݺݵˤһϵ˱ͷһƳֿϵĹ̶绰Ȼһתͨһ롣
ףⲻ壬Ҳף覺ùӳԡ
Ƭ̺󣬵绰ͨ˵ϰ塭
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227½

ף뿪۵ĵԺ󣬵ڽֱߵ˾ʹȥʵС㣬̸ô
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˾鲻˳οûϵС㣬ɽǰ·һбĽ취
ף覻ͷۿһۣϰ岻ֻǺ۳ۣк·ĵŻô㡣ǽҲֻһ۹̡
˾һ㶣ʵСȥĶ
ףݸһЦ˵ȥϽ֣һϰ塣
˭ˣ˭Ҫһ˭̸ʱ͸Կ
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ʲôĺϢһ۽ǶЦŵ绰˵ϰ˵֪ˣСӲ£һүӺú˵˵ϰģͰϡ
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ǰΪ׵Ϩ˻𣬷ĦУɴ䡣
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ʲôʱģ
ֻͷһۣˣɲǳߵ
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228ȥĸ

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һԺŭûɢȥ𺣬°ʵûи˵Ҫӽ¶
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Ҫ̣ǾүɾĲǸˡ
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ˣΪףĻΪף覵飬ͻȻӽϻġ
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229¸״

ף覵˵Զ㣬Լˣ
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ӳ޵·ϸˣ˵Ͱһ٣Ҹպó£˵Ҫڴˣ
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230֤

˵Ҫڴˣ
潨ҵɫһ䣬˵˭
ӳһҧ
Դһ˶ԼֵܾȻҲµ֣
Ҳֵ֪ûʲô飬ȴҲû뵽ȻҶִˣӡ
潨ҵɵȷɵģ
˵ȷǿĦгģ
潨ҵ˵ڱǣôͻȻܻ㣿ʲô飬ܸиԵɰɡ
һҭ뵽潨ҵǸԸ񣬲ҸԼ˽Լף観Է顣
ͷ˵Ҳ֪
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潨ҵʵҲ䣬ͳƫˣֻһ˵ģѵƫƫţֻĸ˵Ļˣ
ӳߵ˵һһʣʲôˡұΪָ˵ִǴǰҪάĻֻܰҵףֹˡ
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231

ӳԭǣ֤ɹ飬ͬҲ֤Լס
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232¼ҷ粻

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Դһ㶣˿ֿ˿˵ֵģ˵ôô졣
أԴ˼ңһ֪ġ
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ĬĬͷص˵˵˻顣
Դüͷһ壬ʵ鲻Լף֮ǰҲ⣬ôȻ˻ˣ
潨ҵҲӣ˵ϸ˵˵ףôΪʲô
ףѾϣδٷ˵ݸЩͷ˾ˡ
ֻҪ˾ƣζҶˡ
ף覾ҵˡ
¶ŹȥãףҾͻȻҪ˻飬ⲻҪڴǰݺݵشҵ
潨ҵΪһ֮϶鷢ȻԺҾҪЦˡ
潨ҵҲ֪ףҲһˡ
ףͻȻô϶иʲôԵɡ
Ū⵱е顣
˵鷢չһҲҡ׵ʱףӦ£ȫΪףүү֧֡һԼؽԺ飬ȴףҵļҷ粻ʺ覼޹
ҷһ棬ףѻѾ˵ݶˣɼصʲôز
ֻ˵͵˰ƣҲûжˡ
Ҫ֪ϼҷ⣬ɾͲһˣǰһ˶ˡ
ҵˮ
潨ҵɫһȻո˵ļ仰⡣
һѹֵĳĬԺԴߵ˵֪ףңҲֲһףָժҵļҷ粻˭ȢǼҵĹﲻɣ
ԴͶף޸Уһⷬ͸ӲҪףϱˡ
Ȣһ
ףҵףҲһõġ
ҵĵλһֱܸߣԴ˸һȵĵ̬
ңڽҵȷǲףҲҲҪףҵͷ
潨ҵüͷšһȸղ֣ףҵһҷ⣬ʵ˵
-

233³ɩĸ

ѡĬ
潨ҵûģ˵Ҫмҷ粻飬ͽ䣬ⶪñѵǣҪû飬ףֻΪ˻˵ЩףҵĹҪҲգ
Ѿ˵һˣ潨ҵҲҪ˻ˣɼѾʲôز
ӳԣĵʱֿϲ
ֻҪүҲˣôҲûá
ף覵ʱǰǺ۳Ҫ»صϣ
ղű˵Ĳʱɢ
ӳֻ֪ôչүǲĻѡ˻顣
ʱȴ˰֣ÿӶǶȥ
ҳ󲻿˭Ҳܱ֤ÿһӶ˶ؿƿϴȱġ
˶߹ˣ³һ̧ʵ죬ǲ˽Լ観Էˣȥ۳ſڶµˡ
һ㶣ʱɫñҪõҶӶҪѿ͵ϵɫҲȥˡ
˽½ѵԺְŵ˵һ顣
˽Ľѵﹻԣʱ򳤼ˣԺ˵ǻ˽ȥ覡
ž˽ദһлᡣ
õİ취֪飬ôΪ߳ܶͬʱලһᡣ
Ժ覼޽ңżүӵʱҲԲᱻš
ӳɫʱñѿղŵĿҲ֪ȥˣֻʣĵľš
үף覻˼֪ģһϣǶ࿴ףۣͱүӽѵˣһֱء
ȥף覵黹ǫ̃˵ǣ˼ҷ粻ôĻϣҪô죿
ӳĵ̧ͷһ潨ҵɫѸٵջԼĿ⡣
´Ϊʲô˵֮ǰҪȿһˡ
һ¡֣˵ĺڣһӾͱ⹴δɩӡ
ףûֱӴ绰潨ҵ˵£Ǵ绰˵ѾǸˣչ˼ˡ
ҪǴȥɲǼҷ粻
潨ҵڿԽԽԽԽ˳ۡСӣʲô¶
Ҳм˵ףѾ޽ˣɩӺС֮䶼Ҫܻأοû޽ףҡ
˽Լ˳Էʲô¶
ԴӵĿ⣬鼱֮±Ҳ˽Լף観Էģʱ¥ﻹ³۸ء
ӳһάԼĶӣǰⲻǻбô顣
ɫȴ˵ʱ覱ҪλǳԷġڳǰˣҪȥһţҪһԡǰһ죬㻹绰ףȥԼˣ
Դһ㶣Ťͷʵôˣ
ָأûҷϡ
Ϊ֪¶ûƿƿˣֻҪ绰ȥףһʾˡ
Դһᣬѵ绰ףȥҲ̫ûзִˣҲѹҪףűҷ粻
潨ҵǺɸֵ
˵ף˵Ҫߵʱ㻹ˣ˼ߡףѾ˵Ҫؼ㻹Ҫף£ʲôһ˵
潨ҵһˡ
ָ㵽׻ûеˣף˵ҪǸӡ˼ǸˣҪ˼һҪأ㻹ҽֻҵ棬Ҫ㶪ˣ
챾ͱһӵһٲ˵Ҫһ¡
ڴҾȻףôѵ
һ뵽һ飬Ϊף覶ĵ׵Ļ͸ѹסˡ
ǲ˽Զٷʲô˵ģԺҲҪҵŵģһӲҳԷǰԶٷϤһ£ôˣ
潨ҵһⷬȫ˼ܵĻץϵˮͺݺݵҵ˵ϡ
ʲô飬δϱ绹أõһСӵĴȥ飿
ǲôţһ˻ܳԶٷˣ
潨ҵŭٸҳЩΪҲ֪ﻳʲô˼
ָ̧źӳ˵֪֪ʲôгɩĸף覲ЩĸŮԷҪģѵҲ˼
һҭһҲ˵ˣӳϸûš
-

234²ҪҰ

潨ҵŭ죬¾͸档
ָָⶼڲҸ㣬ԺҪٸȥף覣ٸҲҪԼԷҲȣҸϳȥҲܵ
ӳһ潨ҵҪ˸ϳȥΪ֣ûôذɣֻһʱ嶯Ժ϶ˡ
ұ죡⵱Ķô̵ģԼӻ˳ˣ㻹һ£úѧѧ˰ɣ潨ҵԼ˵ĸҪҪء
ҷ粻潨ҵⱲӻͷһء
ƫƫȷʵ˸Ļ£潨ҵܷôܲŭ
ӳ潨ҵĻԭѿԳɫ
˫ΪͶϸϸƵ۾Ҳ𽥸ֳصŭ
Ҫô潨ҵһֱôİɡ
ҲǣûۿԼһۡ
Ϊٶ࣬ٺã潨ҵҲֻǰҵһԹӶˡ
ЩҲ潨ҵҪ˵İɣ
ֻǰûʲô潨ҵŷܡνĻᣬ潨ҵ˸ʹ졣
ӳĵװԱһŻ𣬿潨ҵȴں飬˵ӾʹãһָʲôҵԺˣȫܣòˣ
ӳһ潨ҵȻҪֱӼܿ
֣ӳҲ̲ȥˣһССĴôץŲҵһֱĺܺãܾҴ޳ȥ
ôΪѵ
潨ҵҪʲôʱۿһۣ
ǣƻԴĺĹϵʹĻż޽ңҵĴԺһĺ
Ǹĺǻ⣬ѵͲҲᣡıĺã
дֲǲˡĴ潨ҵǿиõļ̳˳ˣҪҸɰһ߿
óҵⲻܣԺЩ¾ͶҪףȥ˰ɣ
潨ҵܺӳôܣᶨѣҿ̫ˣŻ˹ܽԼĶӡʲôʱгϢˣ˵飡
ǺӳģӳҪܺ
Ҷôˣӳ쾹Ȼץסҵⲻ֣治֪ôģ
ӳһֱ潨ҵѹģеȨЩ潨ҵġ潨ҵҪЩ¶ߣҲһ仰ѡ
ӳ챻ˣʲôˣ˦һųת뿪ҡ
״һȳһյ׷˳ȥ߽ţ裬衭
潨ҵߵϲ̨Ķ
ԴΪӳ˵仰һ뵽ǵ˾飬ֲ֪Ҫ￪ˡ
潨ҵŭƽϢһԺ󣬲˵ʼĩүүѾ˽ˡغҵ棬Ҳ˽ԴԲŴӱǸϻһô
潨ҵһĬȻʹˣҲǲˡ
֪Ĵңǿ϶ܾô˵ġ
ҪһˣԺҾ͸ˣҾҪԶһҷܻ
潨ҵ˵ףүϲ黭֮ǰһŻȥףң͸ףүӣ͵ǸˡҲʶˣӦòιŲšףȥ˵һ¡
ףҹϲһԺһ壬ףӦûܰġ
Ͼǽ취ҪĻǹֻܺ˺Ϳ¡
ԴһЩ۵˵֣ĻƷôͳȥǲ̫ϧˡ
潨ҵû˵ôΪʲôҪƷͳȥʲôӣ⵱ֵҲҪģӲ͹ˣҪúỵ́
ûô̹£Լܹ˺Լ
ǰôһҲûܺã
潨ҵһֶۣԴָҲӣʲôʱ˼
Դһ㶣һۡ
潨ҵ˵СʱûܹҲˣԼƴ˳ϢһĺùҪˣǺ¡֪ǸӲף㲻žˡҲһȥƻǰɣ˵˵ʲôʱһ֣
Դⷬĵ׾Ȼ˼Ρ
潨ҵʧؿԴһۣ鷿
Դ΢Щ͵ıӰһ֡
潨ҵҰ֣ʲôʱܺԼĺӣѧᵱһҡ
-

235ҵļ

潨ҵ뿪ԺԴͽԼͶϡ
Ƶ۽΢΢´Ѿֵ߳۵ѵõ¶˼Ρ

Ķ棬˫ֽĮĿ
ʲô𣿡
Դֳ׵һ棬ҲѾסˡ
ղ潨ҵһԴԼôһӡ
ԴҷʡЩֶ꣬չˣЩ©
©³֣Ц
Դûһ©һ˵һٿǮһԶȥƴʱԴֿȥһΣ
˳죬Щ˵ǲҪΪԼˣװһף𣿾ۣĶӣҶۡ
Դһ㶣ô˵֡
Ĭؿ΢򣬲Ϊ
Դԥһִ˵ڰֵϣף観Է飬ܲȥүү˵˵飬үүҪˣ
üͷһ壬ŵʵʲô
Դ˵ףδϱôҲ㣬ֻҪ˵⣬үүҲͲپŲˡܵܣһ棬ܲܰһΣ
Цһ˵ԴôͻȻӣֳ׵ˣ˵׻Ϊ
˵δɩӶ˽ԼϷȻϣҰ飿
͵ڰֵϡ
ɴؽضĻûôӡ
ʮ꣬Դûһף˴ϷδϱԴǿʼԸ׵Ծˡ
Դӣһֶ
Į˵ָҸ飬䡣һûңǹ˵棬£Բ˵ơԺҪٳһΣһŵףǰǸ
˵覶£ͿԲչˡ
Ϊ̫ˣԲŻĵһЩίʱӦð覱úúõġ
Դüͷܵܰ
ŭֻҪ۸覣Ҹ綼ûã
ͷŵıκһĵ׵ĵλûҪ
κ˶һ£øۡ
վͷԴ˵ҪںǸӣ͹ܺ¡޶ʱ򡣡
һСʹ룬Ǹһ档
Ҫٸҷ룬һܵݵĽѵ
òҪҳȥ覵ƽϢ飬Ҫף֪ˣɾİҵ涪ˡ
Դᵱ棬飬ɻԴͬ˽ȥ覡
ԴؿΪһŮˣô˵
һӸ˵Ļ
һһҵļˡ
ǹѪ׶ûиϵģԶΪļˡ
ûн飬ĵ׶ѾΪļˡǲɱ粵ʵ
ף覻ؼԺһ鶼У¥ʱ򶼺Ÿ衣
ףˣЦСӻ˾ôˣ
ǰƴһСЦһ仨ˡ
ףһ㶣̧ףǰ룬ʢһʵ˾ô֪ˣ
ûиκ˵أ˾ô֪ģ
ףȻ˾˵ġ
ε飬ףǱȽġ
ҹŴ˵绰ȥǣͻؽˣɼ覻ͦںġͿôˡ
ףʵ۳飬æ˰ɣ
ף覵˵ͷˣٴȥĲֿһλæˡ
ף˵ͱȥˣڼҺȺȲ裬һͷӡ
ףһڴӦá
һλûô⹫ڿæͷ飬ö˺ļƻҲúúþһТġ
ףףЦھô᲻覣ԺˣǸҪ᲻ˡ
ף°һ޽ˣҲףҵˡԺҲҪлҵġ
ףɲԣ֪޳ȥĹϵϣԳҪί
ֻглԼǰ֪ûб۸˭ҪǸ۸覣һһ
ڶûгţڼףԹ緹ԺףҪףΧ塣
ףҲƵϵ飬ڼǡ
µһ룬Ӷף˵ףҴүݷˡ
-

236ֲǱ

ףһ飬ٿȻ̧ͷץŵӶ䡣
ףף覵ķӦεҡͷЦЦĹȻôҵĹӸԵˡ
ףӶ˵нɡ
һͱӶ˴
һµĳУףףֱ˵ףүүף壬Ǻá
ףŤͷЦ
ף񣺡ʲô塣
ѾǴˣ·Ҳ֪һ㡣۵ϲҪˡ
͵͵ףһۣ
ǰһĳжף˵ףүүүү͸һŻ
ףƳһۣ޹»潨ҵö˶˵һŻʲôͳĶ˰ɡ
ͻȻôͶã潨ҵҪͼʲô
ףһۣףûиף
ֲĿףһۣף
ǰ飬ͻˣҲ֪Ǵרףġ
飬ûи߰֡
¶һЦݣף˵覵һԺһˣүү֪ףүүϲЩҸ͹ԼԺпһȲ衣
ףǿɣ°ɣһٿ
ףһ˵⹫ȿһҲûϵ
רĻأﲻѽ
ףһ壬һ˶ˣʲôʱӰ壬Ҫһ㣬Ƿġ
ѵ˼䣬ף覵ͷӦһŶ
ף͵͵һۣĲɵϷһӡ
ЦЦף˵ͻŵ飬żףүү£Ⱥף顣
ףڰ֣һͲǸϽߵӣȥȥɡ
ףվ߽һԵķ䡣
ף쳤˲ӿǣֱűֹϣʲôҲΪֹ
ףǰôûϢһףղŷµ飬žһף覵Դϡ
ѽ⹫
ôĹˣôô˲סԼ˼ͷб˿Цȥ
ף覲ΪܣΪ٣ֲǱ~
ǰֳʧ̬ӣҲˡ
ףؿףһۣǰЩʫǣԺ󣬾Ͷӵȥˡ
ףͷ˵壡
ףѵ⹫ǵˣ
ףҲ̸֪Щʲôһ
ף覵ȵżˣһʱ䣬ŷǽԺ󣬶ѾȥСʱˡ
ף覿Ҫʧȥ֮ǰһ´򿪡ף˳
֪Ǹղ̸ʲô֮ף鿴ƺ۽üҶЦ⡣
ףһӴվͷ磡
Ըղŵ̸ֲֻᣬߵߵͷףǰʵ˭Ӯˣ
ףһּƲ覵ЦСѾͷ̫ˣöꡣ
ף覾ԼǰҲ̫ûˣΪԼ׵ŲǣΪרġҲûô
ףߵѧղϡ
ףƲƲ죬ĵֲ
վһЦףүүô壬վտ覻ᣬȲҲ֡
ף̧ͷһۣȻӣڻתƵϣһ֡
ףһ㶣ǰ⹫粻Χ壡
ףңףѧΧ
ⶼʲôˣҲ˶ѧΧѽ
᣿ףһ֣ʱΪŨˣǾ͸Ͻѧһѧͻ𣿡
ŮԵĲżңǵýλһǰ覻ػػꡣ
ףҧҧ⹫۸ˣ
ѽòһң⹫۸
վףĸСƵģͷЦЦ
ף˵ôܽ۸أоϻϣѧϣʮ껹ѧɡ壬ôͲѧˣС£һ̡
Ӧ
Խף覣ղŵλϡ
ףصףһۣе㲻ġ
ܶԷǲ֣⹫ʱűˡҪλɱһɱ硣
ף観˳䣬˵磬£͵ֺǣҲǳѧߣ̫档⹫еСƢϲ۸֡
ûʼף覾Ȱο
ҲΪһʱĵײ̫
ף۵Ц⣬СѾͷ⹫²Ұܵģ
-

237´һ˿ɾ۸

ף覵Ľţ̬Ǻƽ͡ף̵ʹʲô
ףթ˵ұ߽㣬ѧĿ죡
ף覵˫նʱ
й򶼲˵ץϳģ⹫۸˾Ȼ۸ˣ
֪ףҪΪӣȻҲϸӦá
ףôõĹŮˣףүĵ᲻Ҳ
ڿʼ֮ǰȴԱŲһŲף˵¶Աߣҡ
ף覿ڳһأ˹ȥã
ףɫһѽСӣھͿʼռ覱ˡ˵ǣɵﾹȻֺǺǵռˣ
һһɱƬײһӶ
ףǰнϾȥ˸ղŷµǱ飬
ĿʼףһظʲôĿΧӵĹ򣬻ʤ㷨
ף覸ΧӴϵļɣĴѾףΧһͿء
ʱףֵǶûз
ʵһֲӶ֪ףӮףǼҪ㣬Ҫô
ûʧҵķ緶㱻ףɱһͿأǺòضף˵ܽˣΧĹأˡ
ף棬Ҫһô
ڼôУһҲûаܾ֮İգףټһˡ
ȻѾˣǾһ̡
ɴףá
ףֿ˻ߵףһۣ˵ѾѧˣҲˣȥǱߺ˾һȥ
ղһԸӮĲʹ졣
֧һҪıȸղŸҡ
ף㬵ߵףͷëҲץһֻ޶ѽ⹫ãͻһ˿ɾ۸
ףһ飬Цͷ
Щ˵˭ףҵıˡ
ղʱϸ˵ôġ
Ҳͨһε¼˸Ĺۡ
Ҳ覵ĲѡҵĹϵңȴܴΪ覱ٳһ龻覺ú
覻ᣬǵѾˡ
һǲٱ覡
ȵǸʱϣһܹǳΪ飬
ף覺ףһ˻죬ֿһ顣
СʱԺǱߵ˻ڶġףؿȥƣµƾС
ףһ㶣ؿ˵ԭ壡
ᣬѧġʵϵ˵
ף⹫Ѿ˼ʮˣһѧ֣ȻܴϷ⹫İڽɽ
˵Ǹѧģ˭ţ
۵׿˲˼飬ü䣬ǲҴ
ףϾʱ￴һۣﾹȻе㲻ζô꣬ˮ󣬱͵Сײѽ
ףôãҲûзֳһʤҲȤ߹Χǵս֡
ףףֱ˵˾ˣˡ
ף
ףһҲĲƽ
ʮӣҵǣջһ֮ˡ
ףһʼֻҪ˼˼ͷŹû뵽ôߡµҲֵ˼һԺ󣬷ˡ
ףӣ߶ʵ첻æɣ
ͷæ
ףһȻ˵ͱȥˣ绰˵һԶٱ㷹
ףһ㶣ؿף⹫ôͻȻ֮ת̬ˣ
ͷףһۣӦá
ףֶףָӵ³ԵĲˣúÿһ˼ң˼һ˶಻㡣
ף覾㵵ؿףʲô
ղ⹫ǻ۸ôΪʲôͻȻҪã
⹫壬⹫ҲڶԸôĸĹ۰ɣ
ףӶˣò³ѽ
һת˵鷳ˣԵС
ףˣسףС°͡
ûá
ףվһԿζЦЦ
ףףһۣߴٵ͵ˣȥ
ף覱Σû˼ĥߴŶһ˳
ֻͱץס
վ˵Ҹһȥɡ
-

238ºӳִԷ

һ谮ף覵ףȴʱ˿ڷ磬ֵã˽ʲôȥУǰڼҲϰˡ
˵ھҪʼĵЩϰˣԺȥңҲġ
˵꣬ǣף覴߽˳
˳Ժ󣬾˳һԵΧȹԼϣæµӶ˵ɣȥ顣
Ӷһ㶣ǿˣôأ
ֿ˿覣ͷˣ˳˳
ͷף˵ףүүĺ㡣
ףԺȥңҪٳּ񣬱˵ɢԲŹ⽫Щ˵̬̽ȡ
ǲڻδ̬ȶ䡣
۸ġ
֮ûоԹ緹Ժ뿪
ص潨ҵѾˣ潨ҵһֱûôչüͷɡ
֮һһֱĺ˳졣
˽ԺҲûʲôæ˸ϵ飬󲿷ֵʱ䶼ܿС
һ磬ԭҪԼ観š
һ˵Ҫȥ۳棬һҪҲ͸ȥˡ
뿪Һ󲻾ã뿪ĺӳͻˡ
Ϊ潨ҵҪӳ콻е⣬Ծӳ㲻ԸǵùԹԵϵ˱͵ҽ
Լף観Է֮ǰ˭Ҳû뵽ô
⼸Դ˵˺ܶ࣬ȰҪүӶŸɡ
Ҳ潨ҵӲӲΪ֪Լ
ѾתԼ̬Ⱥս
һϣ潨ҵڣȴû
ӳѰкйصĶŵϡ
ɫ̫ã潨ҵ˵ǹ֮ǰϵ͵زˡ
潨ҵһϵĶ˵ͷɣˣһύ
ѵ˲һ٣˺ӳȨλջ
ӳ쿴һ潨ҵɫ˵⼸˺ܶ࣬һĵȷĸдҲúõط˼ԼˡεľǶԵġ
潨ҵϵĲһڣԺӳϴΪûʲôӦ
ӳ쿴潨ҵ̬Ȳ䲻ȵأҧҧ˵֣֪˵ʲôЩ飬ΪҺãұ˵ҵⱻ˰ܹ֪
⻰ָ潨ҵ˺ӳ˵ѣûȥ
һʵҪ˭
ӳü˵ǹݣʵ϶ӵʵ
ѵõؼᶨ潨ҵۿһۡ
ӳ˵׵ǸףҵС㣬ǰºڣ˵ܹܺú⣬֪ں⾿ôˣ
Ĳ豭ʵ궼ûܺú⣬Żãϣжɫ
⻰Ȼмάף覵ζͬʱԺӳܵ𱸡
ӳ첻ϣ潨ҵף覱вͬҲѾʵˡ
ӳͷָ֣˵СҲʡֻûܺãͱ˸Ų֪ʱǳʲô
ӳʧˣҲף覺ù
ף覵汳
潨ҵüͷһ壬Ϭ˫ֱֱؿźӳ졣
ͱʲô
ӳ˵¿˼۳в絹ġף覵ãҲؿ·ķӣּӲóɼԲŻĹͷ̧۵ۣǰѺĹ̸̸ˡ
潨ҵüĽš
۳ԣ̾ҵһҪĻڡ
ԺһһĴ¡
ںӳ潨ҵԷʱףѾ˺۳
첻³־߶ף覵̬ȻǼӭ
ԵΰţıһʼҪĬ˲١
³־ʵףС㣬λǣ
ףЦЦһۡ
ҵ㾹Ȼʶ
ߴ³־ߵһɨ
³־һ㶣㵵ؿԭǴү׾ȻûϳǰҲ߶Ծ͡
Ƴһִ̧ۣ³־ߣҲϲµʱµ̫ϻҽ覹ģ㲻øҡ
³־߹ȵӦ͵ǣǡ
ŤͷףʵףСôͻȻˣ
ף˵ҪԭϺۿ档
³־һɫˢһ䡣
-

239һ˫

ףһ۾Ϳ⣬ȴûеơ
³־˵һֱ¼أֿܲһˡòףСרһΡ
³־йͼôɻȥϧףͿ͸Ĺơ
ͷõ󣬡ǿɲУи˲ĴӣҪ۳еĻأҵ๤õʱʲô©һæҵĲ֪ôӦԡ
³־һ㶣ûʲôӵ鰡
۳˴󶩵һ㶼ȸ֪һҪӰҲðš³־ȴûյκεϢ
³־ʵʲôӣҪ˭
Ļ䣬һӾʹԶ˹ͣ˺۳ſڡ
ףЦˡ
Ŵ򿪣ºӢ
ĴһȦָףգףС㣬á
ףЦϰ壬ʵ鷳һˡԴҲҪԵ˲ŷģ˵ǲǡ
Ҳ֪ף覺֮˳ʲôףһϲãףСȻǸˬˣ
ףºӢķһۣڳºӢĳӺ棬ͣ˻Ĵ󿨳
ףʵ֪ϰĳ
ºӢ˵⼸ǰģСʱԺ󣬻˳бĳ೵Ҳ·
ףЦЦάǳϰ׵
³־߸˵Ļʲô˼ʼնһãȻֱף覴ųºӢ۳Ŀⷿæظȥ
ºӢףڼ֮ǰʱ򣬾̸һ⡣
һȥºӢʱ򣬳ºӢ̬ǺĮġ
ף覷Щ˳ºӢͻȻĹ̵ԭ򡪡۳⡣
ºӢģ̯飬Ųٰۡ
ʧȥõĳԺף覱һ֡
ºӢƷ϶ԣȻȹ򽨸ɿ
ףѡ£Ϊһ̡
Աƽ۸һЩļ۸۳ָºӢºӢ֤۵
ͷ֤ûõģף覺ͳºӢͬһٴγִǰ⣬⳥
ºӢı֤ŴӦףٴΪ̵Ҫ
֮ףºӢ˵ڶҪǾһγºӢҪһߺ۳еĻ
ºӢף覵󵨵Ҫʱһ
еĻһߣҪһʲСǮ
һֱ𺦵ľ档
ºӢȻǲðôյġ
ϾףҲ̫죬йǰƣʵڲҳôĵӡ
ǺףӦһ飬ǾºӢṩг
ºӢԵͼ۴Ӻ۳ȫۣԼʣµۣºӢṩһ
ף覸ṩܸɴ࣬Ҳܿס
ڽϣԷѾԹ̸һʶ𣬾͵Ժ󣬰͹ȥβˡ
ºӢ鱾һֹ̬ȣǽǸ̸Ժףˡ
ǰһġ
ºӢҪ˳ɣܴһǧ
ҲҪֻҪڵһ˾͹ˡ
õ飬Ϊʲôɣ
ºӢ֪ǣף覷ʱҲԼĿġҪһȫ档
취ܸһɿḶ́ҲһΰѺĿŪӳǵûڿպԭϣһ˫
鷢ôͻȻ³־߿϶ӦԲġ
һҪץסӳСӣ
³־߿Щݵλ߳һص˰߽˿ⷿȴ֪Ҫôֹǣֻһ߸ɵۡ
ʱ³־һۿվԼ߲ΰţǰһƣ˵ȥҰһȥӳ绰һסˡ
ΰſ³־һۣʲôҪ˵
³־߿׮һǶִߴٵŸʲôȥףҪ˵ȥе顣
³־˵ܻ꣬˰칫ңȥӳ绰Ԯˡ
ף覴ųºӢ˺Ŀⷿ˵ϰ֮ǰ˵۳⣬ԽҴǵĳ֤᲻ٷͬĴ󡣡
һ̯ԳºӢһƣǵǺĻ⣬ҲǵĿⷿ۴򿪿
ºӢҲǸäĿ˵ˣȻ߽ⷿ漴۴򿪡
ԭζۣ͸ŵĻɫŵС㡣
-

240Ū

ºӢմһ۷ָ۵ָϸմһ۷Ž΢΢ζ͹⡣
ºӢص˵ͷȷǺۡ
ףʵ۵ϰ廹𣿡
ºӢͷ
ףкⷿԱʵⷿжٴۣм¼ڲɣ
ԱУȫС
ף覸ɴ˵ŵԱѿⷿĴȫµ飬Ҫ˶Ȼװ
ⷿԱһ㶣ŵʵȫȫ
˴꣬ûôȫ
ף覺˲˵ԣȫھ͵㡣֮ǰҪп
ף˵꣬ͷԳºӢʵϰӦһ춼пհɣ
ºӢͷ˵У
ף΢ЦǾͺãһóԱѻȫϼһ飬ȻװǰȷϺ˶ûɣ
ºӢ˵Уô죡
˵ɾ͸ɣԱȥкŵĹһ
Ŀֹⷿһ䣬һ˺ͳºӢⷿԺףִʣµˣȥһⷿ
ʼո߿æǰæûж˵ģҲûз¡
µӣžȻúĿ
һ˲䣬Ȼף覵ĲӰ￴ĸ׵Ӱӡ
ǸѾ뿪ĸףʱҲ档
ЦЦףڿⷿﴩӰĵرһҸ
ææµµʱ³־Ѿͨ˺ӳ˽סլĵ绰
ӳƽʱȻ潨ҵסһ𣬵ҲԼķӡ
Դӽ֮ǰסġ
ͺӳżҲȥסǺзʱ
³־߲绰ȥңֻܰѵ绰˺ӳ˽סլ
绰˺ܾòڱ˽
˭ͷʵ
ӳңûӵ绰ȴլˡ
绰һͨ³־ץס˾һˣ³־ߣ۳ˣ
³־ߣ˵绰һۣʲôˣ
³־˵ף覽ˣҪҹƵǴҪģҪ۵ڸô찡
³־ɢһ㣬ӻû⡣
ףһ˵Ҫ棬;ԾˣԲŸϽ绰ͨ籨šϢ֪ͨˣ飬ף覲ʲô
һף覵־ͷΪҲᱻôһʰϵⶼߡ
һ³־˵飬ֺףйصģ͸ͷˡ
ʵô㶼ˣƽʱжæ㲻֪취㲻˿治ͺˣ
³־ΪѵǳŵģҿŪ췽жٿǲݵġ
յǲɵһ۳ôŪãҳλᣬúʰһ٣
վڵ绰ߣͷһԼȣ۵¶һĨݶ飬Ȼͺӳм
ʲôû¹ʣҪֹһ˰£жѣ
³־߱ĻһӵʵҪǲСŪô찡
ƺо飬鵱һ£֪ʲôֽŸɾ㲻ͺˣ
³־ʵǣҪûгɹף覼²ô죿
㲻ǻһΰŵ𣿡͵ԭ뷨ƳȥˡףҪʲôҲܣǱˮԺһڷֲԣ
˵ֱ꣬ӹҶ˵绰һʵĻᶼ³־ߡ
³־ŵ绰ཱུһʱʧ
ƽʱ˵Ĵ󻰲٣ҪŪ⣬Ǻ¡
ɲʹһʹС۵飬Ŀŵغ˰
³־߾ôڵ绰վһȻ¶ʲôһϵñӴͷϣ߳˰칫ҡ
ⷿףغ˶ſ¼
ΰŸߣһ˶Ŀ
³־ԭס˵ģȻ£Ҳûô
ףߣüζһֹӡ
ף֪лҪ˵ǲȿڡ
Ѿΰ׳֦ӲӶΰŵ顣
ΰŸףתһܵ˶һЩԶҶæԼ飬Ͳסˣſ˱ߵף˵ףС㣬л˵
-

241¿

ף覱ߵ˵Ժ˵ҽæ
ΰһ㶣ƺȫû뵽ף覻ôɴػؾ
ǡΪΰŷӽ
һۣ϶ֳֽŵɫǡǡܲŵı֡
ΰŽףС㣬͸ӡ
ףŤͷһۣ㵽Ҫ˵ʲô
ΰ˱ֽ˽ؿףʵףС֮ǰ˵Ļ𣿡
һĪУͺڿһݡ
ףЦЦ˵Ļ̫ˣ֪˵һ䣿
ΰһ㶣ף覵̬ŪЩ㷡
ʱףֺĵز˵һ仰ҴûʧŹ
仰ǸΰųһŶ裬ŵڷ
ΰ˵ףС֮ǰ˵ܵ
ף촽˵ʺϡ
û𡣡ΰ˵
һʼͲǳųλȥġ
ΰ˵ֻҪܱסڵλãڽһȶĹ͹ˡ
ף۾ΰţʲôͻȻı뷨³־ھҪˣ
ΰŵĵͷĳĬ֤һС
û³־ߺͺӳˡ
Ǹ㱣סΪԱܻƳȥ汳ġ
³־ߺͺӳ绰ʱ˵Щ֪ԼѾһ·
Ϊ³־ô࣬ҲûҪס
ΰźһ£ͻᱻƳȥ
ףͻȻҪ棬ҲҪˡᵱص飬ҲԶˡ
ζܿҪ뿪ˡ
ܾߣܶݹҪҡĺӺܿҪѧˡ
ʲô鲻ҪǮڶĹȫ˵һĪĴ
ڱ֮ǰԼһ·ף覾ĳ·
󳧳λãֻϣܱסڵĹ
³־ǲ壬Ҫ£ܹѡǡ
ף覱ĻȤ˵̸Ҫʱģܸʲô
ΰ˵Ҫ֪ʲôҶܸ㡣
ףȻ˵ʵϣ飬Ѿ˽Ĳˡ
ϢʱЧԵģ˽ʱΰŶ˵кܴô
ԼѾҪѺ͸ˣΰʱվӱģûʲôˡ
ԣΰʱûʲô
ף覵Сܾ
ÿ˵ļֵڣҲܻЩֵȥжЩ˿ãʵ̧ԼۣЩ˾ʸ
ҲֻŸܴлȡ档
ΰžǱף̬ģԼû˼ֵ
ûмֵˣǺױġ
ףؿΰţΪܽԼʲôزأ
ΰŵĺ˹ÿ˲ﶼ߳һ㱡
ҧҧ¶һ˵ֻҪףСÿģҲҡҿ֤ҿԳ֤³־ǰںʲô
ף覵
֤ȷܹҧסӳһ취
ΰŵȷܴ֪Ҫʲô
һһֱֻںһЩϧˡ
ף˵û֤ڳӳҲڽȥ
ΰһ㶣ϵĴ֤û뵽һ㡣
ȷҪˮ𣿡ףʵô㲻ڱ³־һң
ΰŻش
һ㣬˭ܱ֤ءԼҲܡ
ΰųĬĿյ˹
ԭҪף˵һ˵һⷿڳ߹ȥʱȴȻǱĸ߼Լб˹ȥ
һеСģ
ΰŻͷһͼĸ߼ܳѹ
ףϾΰŵĵܣ
ûعͱΰ˳ȥףû׼ô͵ǰһƣݺݵˤ˵ϡ
žͿջ߼ܳ
ףΪղűΰôһѣûб߼С
ΰŸղżŰףƳȥԼûüܣֱӱ߼ѹ档
ͻȻ⣬ף覵ɫˡ
ʱתǴһ˵Ӱһ
ֿȻĸ߼ܵԱΧۡ
ǽţ߼ܵӦײ˿ⷿ֧Ŷջľ׮
ľĶľԵ产ˣףƫƫˤջ֮²Զĵط
ף覸ղһˤ˽ţվ
-

242ҪĻ

ۿջҪѹŵٽһҵף覵ϣ·ʧ˻ǣף˹ȥ
¶
һз·ֻ˲Ϣ֮䡣
Ķĺ
ھ޴ջԺ󣬽ľĴӵĺ
ջȻһ˲䣬˽˻Լĺ󱳺ͼΪеˡ
ʱڿⷿ˰ɵķ۳˿ǰ龰
ԱǷ׷׳·صΧ˹ȥֻſƯķ۳ֵؽеүףС㣡
ף覱£ԲûʲôصˡֻǸղջ嵹ʱͻȻ˵΢ײһ¡
ߴһѹϣѹı󣬻һѵջ塣
ף覺òײӦ۳ƯĻѵ۾
е磬磡
ȵѪĶε˵ϡ
˫յף覵ɫҰףʱֽš
磡ѣң
ʱԱȫΧ˹ѹŵĶȫῪѻԵ̧˳
鼱֮Уף覲ûǱѹڸ߼ܵµΰţкҰҲ˳
ͷջײˣѪͷϣ˭Ҳӡ
ΰ˵Ҳᣬͬڱ߼Ժ󣬾ͻ˹ȥ
æҵذһͽ˽ҽԺ
Ϊ鷢ں۳ҵյϢϵҽԺ
ӳ챾ں潨ҵͼӴ׵˵ף覵Ĳǣ潨ҵһˣʲôҲܵҽԺ
ʱú͸Դͷ
ô˵ԴĶӣô⣬ԴĲܲˡ
ӳ潨ҵʱ򣬿ԴҲڳɫ֪ô˱䡣
ʱףſڡ
潨ҵվһүү
۾Щ죬ƺѾ޹һˡ
潨ҵʵôˣ
µĿԺļ̳ˣǵȻӡ
ף覽˫˵ջ˸ͷҽ˵Ҫ켸룬Ӧһͻˡ
Դɫѿúõô£˵Ϊ˱ܵˣ
ףûϣֻܳĬ
ף覻ǣ룬˵ʱһԱֿĸ߼УҲˡҽѾˣأתͨˡ
ף覱ֻҪĿǰ˭֪ȴʱ򱻺ӳץ˻ͷʵʱˣ㻹˼ܱԱﵽû
Դףһۣʵ㲻ơ
뵽£֮ǰףǵĽѵһŭ治֪ףҵһĶںʲôǵֳŰ𣿡
ӳץסλᣬ侮ʯ˵רҵɨǰɣףҵ⻹ҲҪ
ף覾˼Ӧǡ
ĵ׾͸ӽƵģĶʱӡ
һһף覸оؿھͺ֮бѹһʯȷΪŻˡ
ʱҽԺ߳һɫµˡ
ɫ䣬Ŵ󲽳ף˻ط̵һ˽λŮˣҲףҵĹʲô
⻰˭Ҷó
ףһ㶣̧ͷȿȥ˫۽е˾ˡ
ףߵףǰ˻СԴ˵ûˣ˾ء
ףͷףһۣϻϸСĹˡ
ףֲ̧˲գʵû
ף覵˵ֱײһ£ˡ
ףȻǸˣҲףһ̵ֽġ
ΪţҲٶֿڡ
һλҽԺӳ죬ɼҲǶŭ
ףһ۰ף覣һӵף覴ſǻĵ绰ͣظϹˡ
ǵҽԺԺ󣬿ȴһ覵ĳôܲ
صıѵΪҵ
£ѵû
ûȥ˾Ͳˣҵ˾Ȼ覣
һӲҪĶ
ףĹɲһȺƷ۸ġ
ӳ챻ףôȻǹȥġ
ݺݵףһۣӴףҵˣеˣ£Ȼñ˵ˣѵΪ˾ף覲Żˣ
֪ףΪΣҪףһֱȥ
-

243²Ӷ

ףף覵ǰźӳЦ㱻ڱ¿ˮͦȥŮ˹Ȼһ
ӳϸüһ壺ʲô˼
ף˵ǰͷת۾ܹˡǹġ
ǰãӳ컹һҧ˵ϧִ
֤ݣӳͳɹˡ
Źȥãӳ쾹ȻͻȻһΪֵӣжƵġ
һִĺ裬ô
ڽǴף覣취ף覲ù
ף˵ѵ覼޽ԺķôæظĨڣŻ¸洵
ӳ챳ﲻ֪ϣףʧ
ֻҪʧˣ߾һ԰ˡڳ飬ȻһվǴף覡
ӳĿҲԲϡ
ӳ˵ʲôĨڣʱ˶ˣΪ˱ף覲˵ģ
һʵףҲı䲻ˡ
ף飬覶ˣǲҵĴѾǿϣˣһҲܳϷǺøߵ۽磡
⻰˵ӳ۽ߣ˶ó˵ŪԼݣͣϹ͡
Ȼף˵Ǻӳ죬һһ裬ԴҲ̶
ҲڵףӳýȢӣҪ׵ģһ㡣
һףŭͲȥ
ټϸղʱҲԴףˣԴ廰ֱӺףһ
ף˵֪Ļλ㻹Ů˳ϴĲӶˡҿλҲûҪףҽ׵˼
ףƽʱǺˣⲻڴ˵
ףܹҭһ붼ǵ洫
ףֻǲͷҲԲ¡ֻҪ˸ףңҲԻʶ
۳ͻȻ⣬ֲ覹⽫
覣аں˼
ҽԺ֮ǰЩˣûһʹϵô˰ɣ
ӳһѾ˵ˣҲ֪ףʱŭ͸ӹһѻ
˵ұͲ̫޳Ż£ҶѾΪҺýŮˣԼܵףȥ׵ģҲףҪӦġףҪҲϲңԻڻ顣
˵ӳ첻ɵףǼٵģףᣬȴʮֵĴףңԺͺΪ·ˡ
ŮѶԸͲȢʲôĴҲᰭ¡
ӳĵײ֪Һףܻ¡
ף覺ãȻǲ岻֣ףȴһ
ףҵĳŭ˵Ҫڻ飬ףѵܲӦ
ǾںӳΪԼͿҪɹ˵ʱ򣬳Ĭõ潨ҵȴͻȻڡ
ˣǷһǶ׵ģһˣԼŮʲô֣˵ʲôڻ𣿻£Ҫص飬ôô
˵֮ǰ潨ҵеƫӳ˵Ļô˵ڻֵʱ潨ҵˡ
Һףҵ׹ϵͶ˵ġ
飬ֽ֪ˣݺӳһϴ˵Ҫڻͻڻ飿
ҲȷҪףܹѺãԺͰҵ⽻һָ
֪ôӳһ᲻ʹ죬ûκӳŮˡ
ںӳ쾹ȻҪǺףҵ£ǲܵġ
úӳǷǣ潨ҵ˺ӳһۣ˵ȻȥչɣǼ˾͹ˡԴȥ
ӳһ¾潨ҵߵ˼ɫ˱䡣
ʵף覡
潨ҵ˵ϻˣȻҽԺ
Ѹղף覵ķߣȴΨ潨ҵ˼
ӳһ㶣潨ҵѵǻҵ⣬
ףһ㶣̧ͷʵʲôʱҵ⣿
ӳ˵Ȼǡ
潨ҵضĻ˵ˣЩԺ˵ȥӾˡ
һˣòźӳôˡ
ףûлҵ⣬һ㶼ġˣЩµʱ
ӳ챻潨ҵɫ֪Լپȥһʵ䷴κ뿪
һף覷ôĴ潨ҵʰף覣ԺףҲҪ˵ġ
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244²

ԴȻЩ潨ҵȻˣҲͲٶͺӳȥˡ
Ⱥӳ뿪Ժ潨ҵߵףǰ˵ӳ˵ʲôϣǸ⣬Ĵ
⻰Ƕף˵ģͬʱҲǶףһα̬
ûΪǨŭ覣Ҳٵҵ¡
ʱףȴ̧ͷ潨ҵ˵үүⲻ⡣
ףһ㶣ؿ˵ʲô
ף覵йӰ˶һ
˵鲻⣬߼ܵԺҿ˴Ӹ߼ܹܺȥˡ
շʱŵòᣬûзӦ߼ܺվŵζʲô
ҽԺͽң侲Ժ󣬲ź֪ʱվڸ߼ܺˣпܾǴٳΡ⡱֡
ôڳֳôɺϵһܹȥ
ɺϡ
潨ҵҽԺҲûҪָף覡仰潨ҵȴͻȻ⻰ɲ˵
ں۳﷢飬⣬ǾζҪǡ
һСľҪ飬Ǳˣɾͺ͹ɱûжˡ
ǺĳӣǼҵĳôܻҪ覵ˣѵ֮ѾʲôԹ
覲ȥãʲôԹҪŪô飿Ҳ̫ˡ
潨ҵɣף覼ᶨ˵ûк˵ۿģĺ
ҪԲܾôȥ
ΪһˣףȻף覵ġ
ʵʱ򶼿ʲôˣ𣿡
ף˵һ˵Ӱ߼ܵҵΰԺǸ˾ͶˣϴǺ۳ƷӦǺ۳ˡջˣҾûٿ
ҲǳάԼҲҵ˽ģϺ˹ʹŪô飬潨ҵ˵ҲǸֻǡ·ˡ
ף覷·ڸ߼ܵԺӦù鿴ûˣѡܡֻһ˻ڳԺʶѡܣǾ˻µˡ
ԲŻẦ¡
潨ҵüһСɽ塣Ҫף覣ǾԲӵġ
컯նҺˣں۳ԻΪһĪĻ
ף˵
᲻Σʱ̿Ļþ
潨ҵ˵һȥ顣
Ѿڲˡף覿潨ҵѸ͵ҽԺԺҾȥ顣ٹãǾͻǣ£ǲһġ⡯
潨ҵղҽԺʱ򣬿ףһʧӣǻΪ˵ڻû
û뵽ȻѾʼˡ
Ĺģûš
ףתң潨ҵǱʲô̬ȥ˵Ҫ
ΪԲưոݡ
ԷҪ˴ڡ
ǣǸ˻˺
һ㣬Բ̵ġ
ԼܹƽֻЩСˣΪá
ΰΣʱһѣֲҪ˱ڻԳµľˡ
ûãҵĵˡ
ҽ˳˵ͷ˿Ѿˣûʲô󰭣ٹþͻѣǲõˡ
潨ҵʵҪסԺ𣿡
ҽ˵۲졣
ʿ˳ͽͨ
ף̸ȥ
˴ƳԺ󣬹ʮӾˡ
۾Ϳ潨ҵףߣһǵӡ
ȻԼһ࿴ף覡
𣿡˵
ף΢΢һ֣ȵůֱףҡͷûУҺܺãұĺܺá
ظ˵Ǿͺá
ղ˯ŵʱһΡ
μ˺ܶǰǸһСȹӣڼſڵĴ¿޵СŮ
ޣúܲĶһ
Ȼˡ
ԼߣǸĹ
ףʵûʲôطر
ЩɢͷЩۡ
潨ҵһ˵ͷϷ˺ü룬ȻۡȺúˣҪˡסԺ۲⼸죬һüıķչ㡣
΢΢˵ͷšûˣүүҲȥɣʹˣͲҪҽԺֵطˡ
潨ҵȷûʲô󰭣Ҳ뿪ˡ
µף˫ʱʱף覵֪ԼĴǶģҲ˸뿪ˡ
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245ҹû¾ͺ

ףʱҽԺȰʱҾͻ˹չ
ڵӻЩʵ쳧飬ŵ𣿡
ɫôһ˺ܴľš
ף˵ŵˡ
ͻȻҹĸ߼ܣķܲ¡
ôΣյʱ̣ôҳ֪ҪԼ
ЦЦ̧գҹû¾ͺá
һʲôѽֻҪúõģʲôֵ
ףⷬܲζ
ˣûΣա
أô죿
һҲӺ۳˹ˣһֱŵҲ
ߵףǰ˵С㣬Ҳ飬Ѿˡ
ףʵô
Ѿϸʹˣ֮ǰµûĸ߼ܶرģû޹̮ĿܡһȥĲֿͬĸ߼Թ֣ҪѺܴܰѸ߼Ƶ
˹Ѹ߼Ƶģ
ͷӦǡ
߼⵹ܵиʲôĶײϸ߼ܡ
Сǳ֮ǰ߼ΧȴûκζײȥԸ߼ֻǱƵġ
ף򴽣ĵһ
ô˵ʱڸ߼ܺ󿴵ǸӦþ֡
ȻĽԤϣǵʵǰʱǾÿ¡
ͺʵûжٽ˵ʲôìܹöԷĺˡ
ԷΪʲôҪ
ǵĻԾʵ²⣿
˵үҪС㡣
һ۵ȼ˼ŭֽŵ˭𣿡
ҡҡͷ鷢Ժ󣬳ˡڳĲڳ˶쵽һڻͷҲֻǲ˸߼ǱƵģҲ˭ֽš
ɫһȥ飬Ϊֹ
ҵĳﶼ˸ҶˣԺҪʱʱ̶̿Σ֮У
һ٣Բְȫߡ
Ӧǡ
ףʵǱߵ鴦ôˣ
˵СģѾָˡ۶װĽûе٣ӦܰʱɡӦþͻҽԺӡ
覵˵ͷǷġ
ΰ͵ҽԺԺûֱӶͷ鲻ܣĹȥ
֮ͻ˺۳ȥ顣
һ˵һֱף覺˯˹ȥ
˰ʱ֣ҽԺʱøף覴һļ
ʱ˯ţף覾ͺȥ̸
ף覣۽춼Ѿϰװϳˡ۵Ҳˡ
ףʵûг
ͷУͿĿϼ¼Բ˺ܶࡣÿֿĿĿϼ¼Ҫ١м䲻֪˶١
ף覽ӹϵͳĿһ£Ȼ
ӳÿպԭϵİ취Ӻ۳֧Ǯ֧Ǯľ޴
˵һ飬ʱ³һֱڴʹüζϢҪĿҵĽȡ
ף覶һ㵹ǲ⣬Ǻӳˣ϶Ǻú¡ûʲôӰɣ
ЦûУҰһӣˤԺҾԱϢȥˡ
ףһ㶣ʶôãû뵽СС
￴һۣʵүôˣ
ף³һƺЩƣҽ˵ûʲô⣬۲ͺˡ
˵С㣬̫ģүӲʵġ
үǣĿһʮȻҽ˵ûϵˣһûϵ
ף˵鷳ˡ
ֵܸһҲԼҪȥġǺʱ£ֻܰҹȳ
ͷ;үһˣʲô鷳鷳ġ
үͲС鷳أ֤Сžү
꣬ûѣף覾˳ȥһΰŵĲ
ףʹҽΰŵ߼ֱУιˣȹҲһеأҪסԺһʱ䡣
ΰŽҲѾˣڴҺ
ףʵõ𣿡
ΰ˵Ǽ۵ĵûʲô
ллҡף˵
ʵΰʱһѣԼл㿪ġ
ףʵʱΪʲôԼܣ
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246²³ç

ΰ㶣˵ʱôͻȻûôࡣ
ôһܷܲףﲻܰɡ
ףƬ̣ʱ̽ΰŵϸʱ˻಻εʱѡһеЩȡ
ף˼ص˵ͷȻʵ۸뵱𣿡
ΰűôһʣԵ
İʾѾˡ
ף˵룬ҿԸ
ľ֮ķϣ԰λá
ףΪΰŻӦȴ˵Ҵû˳ֻڸ˴ֻ뱣סڵλá
Ǹ̰ĵˣЩظ
һβ֪ӳ³־ѾҲ¶Ͷף覵һߡ
ΰҪģֻһܹ˵Ĺѡ
ףŪ뷨˵Ļرһġ
ҽԺס죬ҽ۲ȷû£ͿԳԺˡ
ΰϵȴҪҽԺס죬ΪǷں۳ģҽҩѺᶼᱨ
Ժһ죬ף緹ûԣһȥҽԺ
ףף֪Ҳûйȥˡ
ףҽԺͺһҡ
ԭǴԼסȥģǿǵͷϵ˿ڻûȫϣԼչԼף覺潨ҵһ;رס졣
˿ڳ׺ˣ˽լȥסҲ١
ķףͳͳЧף覾˱ҡ
£ף覵һԼ˵үүҽӻˣҽ˵ڼúϢһԺٻҽԺ߾ͺá
潨ҵһۣɫѾ˲١
潨ҵ˵ˣȺȱɡ
ף˵࣬һҿǸңȻµľˡ
Ӷ˶Ȳ裬ŵǰ
һݽף覵
ףҪȣ̧ͷͿӳ˽
ףһ㶣ô
˵ӳ첻֮ǰպүүΪ鳳һܣôôܻˣ
潨ҵҲʵôʱˣ
ӳ쾶ɳ˵ԺˣôҲһͷΣȻҪһ
衯ֵʱɫԵһ䣬ӳ񶼴ֵ⡣
ΪҵǣܳĨȥڹĺۼ
ĺû꣬Ҳǲȡġ
˵ҵõúܣòè޺ӡ
ӳ첻Ϊ˵ˣĺõĲˡȻҲöˣҲ̸̸δŵϱ˰ɣ
潨ҵüͷһ壬ŸճԺͻȻܹ˵Щʲô
ףҲŤͷźӳ죬ʲô
ӳؿ潨ҵ˵֣ô˵ҲҵһӰҵ⣬ҲӦùһ£οǰҴĳӣĵ׷Ĳ£Ҳ𣿡
һۣ˵ҿҲõĲˣŲΪôһСͱ̼ġ
ףʵһһᣬҾ֪ôˣ
ӳ˺ü죬͵һء
ףʳˣȲ˵֮ǰĹͻȻͲˡϰ廹绰ң̧ߺۼ۸񣬼Ūг
ף覵Ķü򽨶ô͵ˣȻҲС棬ѱ򵽺ӳǰˡ
ԺӳҲΪң
ԺĵһĲʹ죬ŮǺ
ףֱͼץСӵĺӳ˫ֱۣʵ̸ˣô
ӳЦһô㻹ʣ治֪װɵһһѪɶڹ̵ϣѹϰôĹ̶̸ˣ㻹Լûд
ӳ쿴ף覣˵ˣҪУҪԼУͺûй̣۵·͸խˣⲻҪѩϼ˪ͷҲ
ںӳô˵ף覵Ĵ
潨ҵһۣ覲³ç¡
۳潨ҵף覵һ֤ԼĻᡣ
ܲܰãֱӹϵףԺ潨ҵǰĻȨ
ӳ˵᲻³çⲻǶ𣿹ϰ嶼Ѿѵ绰ˣ˵һ̬ж಻ã˵Ҫ۰ٷ֮ʮף覻ǺôĿ
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247в

ӳЦôţҵҲǮôǲǣ
򴽣Ҳһ˵ʲôʲôɲһһͼӴס
ӳһʤȯյӣƱ˵˵ǲͼӴףϰһʲ֪ˣ
ף覱ѿǾܲġ
˵ǸʣҲֻʹϰ壬ҲҪô˵ǹƽɣ
Ȼ֪覵ΪʲôǸϰַԲǺӳ˵ô򵥴⡣
ο⻹ڽףҲһԿء
ףĿ£Ҫʲô飬һףףľ̶ȣԲ覷ִ
źӳſں˵ںӳүү֮ǰҪȡһ͵Ļᡣ
ӳάף覣̵㻹ĺˣۿף覶ҪҰܹˣ㾹Ȼ˵ĵףǰ㶼ȲѾͷ
ף˺ӳһۣ⻰ڻˮ
άںӳﶼɲ˼ˡ
ף˵̣Ҫǿңֱ˵ʹ졣αôӣ
潨ҵһۣǱһ֮ĹʵʲôҪ͵𣿡
ף覵ͷүүȫԸһȫͬں̵˵ˣһм飬Ҫ
潨ҵԵͦģ˵˵
ȥһ£Ҳ鿴˺۳ĸ˱˽⵽ֵһ㣬ǺϰۣԶԶصںṩ̵ļ۸мĲаٷ֮ʮүү𣿡
ľһ壬һӸͬһطĹ̳мĲ۳ٷ֮ѾǺܲˣɹ֮ǰĶԾ
˵ٷ֮ʮĲۣǴȥģ
ϸ˵˵ô£
ӳɫ˱䡣
ף˵ҷԺ깨ϰٷ֮ʮĲѹ̫ҲСʧȥƣ˴ӺǴӹϰ
潨ҵһ㶣ôӹϰ
ף˵Ϊ̵ۣȹϰͼȥתļ۸Ҫߡڼǰȥҹһιϰ壬ΪľǺ̸۵顣
˵ףͼ۸򽨣Ӱ쵽ĻǺԼ⡣
ҲǺһӯԭ
ף˵ȥҹϰ壬Ҫۣƽ̵۸гϵĹ̾гһ㡣
ף˵̾һƺԺδǡ
˵Ϻ۸ѾˣһᱻԼŪ
ǴΪˡҪȺᣬҪӸϽ⡣
潨ҵ˵ͷȻǾף˵е˵
ף˵ǵȥϰʱ򣬹ϰȴ˵Ǻ̵Ӧļ۸֮ڶ䡣вң˵ĶۣԺ󶼲Ϊۡ
潨ҵüͷһ壬۽ǵ˽ȥ
в˭ϲ
ˣ۸ӵͷˡ
ף覼˵֪۸䣬ԺٺһԲŻϰ̡ҲԼʲôõҪӲܻ
潨ҵ˼һô˵ϰ覵ȷʲôϵھľذᡣ
ʱףȴŤͷ˺ӳ죬ָ˵ĲףǰΪʲôӦϰôҪ󣿡
ӳ͵ҽֺʱ򣬹ϰһֱĺܺáµƣΪغӯʹӦϰÿ¸ͼӺȡˡ
Ľڡ
˵ǣӳĵѾ֪߹ٴι˰ɣ
ף˵⣬ҲûΪ㽵۶ĸáһνʮٷֵ㣬Ҳ̫ˡ
ӳﲻϣϰҲǴ˲ģ㿴ÿҪӺ߶ٻ֪취õģ
ף覲мԼֵ͸ˣɲǾ֪֮ģ˵ΪġҪǻ˲֪ģɾҪΪǹϰʲôر£ڸôء
ӳ֪ףڰָͨ򽨵顣
ʱֻŬƲԼѻף覵ϡ
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248Ұ

ӳһת˵̫ѹϰ嵱һ˰ɣǺ۹̡ѹϰˣԺǴ۸˭ҪһѺ
ף覲Ϊ˵ôֻҪһ̲͹𣿡
ӳһЦһЦ
̵֪ҪòſԻΪҸ̣ϰһ°
ףЦؿ˲żüãҲҲҲ
潨ҵʵҵȡ򽨵ˣ
³־ߵ绰ȥӳ˽լʱ򣬵绰ӵġºҲûߺӳ졣
Ժ潨ҵһȥҽԺҲֻôַף覣ѿԺӳͲ֪ºӢ顣
ף覵ͷҵˡ
ֱ߷ŵóһݺͬݸ潨ҵ
ҼǰԺ۳ͳºӢ̸ĺͬϰѾӦԺۡ۸񣬻Ⱥ򽨵ļ۸һ㣬Եõ󡣡
潨ҵϵĺͬʮص˵ͷ
ף覼˵ԺƵĹҲԸļ۸ͲùһҶˡӦûصõ
潨ҵĺͬף覵񶼶˼ͣǰˣЩʱһҲǰ
⻰תףһۡ
ĺܺáүүѾϿˡ
ңֻкӳ쿴˾һҲ˲
ԭʦ潨ҵָף覣ҲԳᣬûغ⡣
û뵽ף覾Ȼһ֣ܹʦøףһ̵棬ף潨ҵǰúõرһΡ
ӳ첻ģʵôܱ֤Ժϰȹϰ࣬
ף覿ĲʣЦֻǳϰͺǩͬĵһ£ϣ֤ʲôʵڲңڽļ£ؿЧҽл
Ǻӳ˵ⲻЦʲô
˺ᣬӳȴ
ӳõ⣬ѵĺãǵ͵ĳԲѾ˵ᡣ
ףֶ潨ҵ˵ԺӦû죬ǻҵҪܣҲͲڽˡ׼ͻرǣң˽⣬ҲǺүү𡣡
죿ŤͷҺһȥ
ףü˻ûȫأߣ
һǣܲġ
ף˵һ绰ġ
ƿߣԾǸ˲
СѾͷˣԼˡ
Ҫߵʱ򣬶ϣĶˡ
ףҡҡ
ѽҲǲ̫ۡ
ƳһۣεصͷʾӦ
ףЦЦֽŶ潨ҵ˵үүԺܲᾭؽԺĹҲ©ʱòģûһڽ˽ӹܺ۳
潨ҵһ㶣㲻ٹܺ۳ˣ
ף˵ڻףҵˣôĿŵعҵ⣬ֲԺ˻˵л˵ҹ̫ǿ
潨ҵ˭˵㣬ܹܺúı¡ԺŹܣں˵ʲôҪǲһ»һҲСҪ˭˵лҰ
潨ҵ²ˣףܰúãͿ
һбµţǾҵʧ
ǿףϵļֵŻﻤ
е鶼ֻԼмֵˣ˲Ż㡣
һҲ㷢㣬Ǿͱֱ˰һʱ߿ɳ
ӳ潨ҵô˵ˡ
Ϊѵ𣬿潨ҵ˵߿Ͱ߿ˣ
ף覲ֻǹܺһ۳潨ҵȻô߿ҪΪף観
ף覾ʲôطֵ潨ҵô˵ףףҲֻһŮĺӣҲ³ģر
ף覻û޽أܱ潨ҵôﻤҪǼ޽ˣﻹԼ֮أ
ĸԴǳŻϡһף覺ȥ취ɢСԧ첻ɣ
ף˵үүȻôңҲме飬һʣϵơ
潨ҵʡ
ףСĵۣǰǲǳ⣿
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249

е⣬Ƴһֿۣ˿ӳ죬΢ɲطһĨЦ⡣
֪ôƽױӳ۸
СѾͷҪ¶צӷѽ
ף覣¶˼ڴ
ףôԼ֪Ϣأ
ӳɫ˼֣˵Ļ㵭
û£Ѿ³־ˣףץİѱףָժҲʵ顣
ףץĴŻᱻү˵Ƿǡ
˰οԼһԺ󣬺ӳ潨ҵ˵һֱʤˣѡ۵ӶǺӣԲܳ⡣
ˡףһ˼ӣҺͳºӢ̸ͬʱɲô˵ġ
潨ҵʵºӢ˵ʲôˣ
ף˵ºӢ˵Ϊģҵ̬ȺܲáǰҲǺḶ́ǼǰͻȻͲˡһΪ֣Ըԭ򡣡
潨ҵʵ˵ʲôˣ
ңΪԭ⡣˵۸ˡǰĳֹڽôãôû˵Ϊ飬ҿɺͳϰĥ˺һء
һżֶ಻ɻ󣬺ĺܻ顣
ף覴ףѧĴˡ
ֱָ֤ӳ죬ΪҲץסӳİѱǵһȡ
ɱһǧ˰ٿɲʲôС
ֻ潨ҵĻɡ
ֻҪ潨ҵģ˵ԺӳҲ밲
潨ҵüֱǺ˵˵۴ûг⣡
˵ףû˵ˣû˵顣
˲Ѫĳӣʱصľ۵Ʒʣô
ףȴһϵ˵ҿϰ˵ģǺ˵ӡѵǴˣ
潨ҵĬš
ôôܼǴ
ⶼܼǴǳºӢҲòˡ
潨ҵɵؿ˺ӳһۣѵǺĳ⣬Ǳӳ
潨ҵʵûϸ˵ʲô⣿
ף覡桯˼һ˵ȥǷùĻۣΪһǮºӢҲ֮Ż˺ͺǩĺͬԼǰɡ
ףһʱ㣬Ϊ˼潨ҵжȡ
Ȼ潨ҵһǰӳ񶼲ˡ
ǰ᲻ýӳ
⣬ӳһ֪ġ
ټϸղףĺӳ򽨵Ĺ͵ۣ潨ҵԺӳġ
潨ҵŤͷԺӳʵ˵ᵱʱ𣿡
Ȼףûֱָںӳϣìͷȴһ˲׼˺ӳ졣
ףף覶˺üķɶöôѪеضԸˡ
ӳɫЩڨЦύԺÿ¶ȥӲ죬Ŀ۶ûκ⡣Ҳڳʱ³Ҳҿأ⣬һ֪ġ
潨ҵʵǳºӢ˵飬ôͣ
ؾǳºӢҪ̧ԼۣŹô˵ġ᲻£ͱƭˡһκӳ첻ץף覵Ķ̴ϣˡ
潨ҵЦףͬȻѾ̸ˣЩСҲͲ÷ˡֻҪԺϰܰúۣͱʲôǿ˵ǲǣ
潨ҵıһ۾͸ž⣬ĬĬؿźӳҲ֪ʲô
ӳϵЦԳֽӲµ񣬰ѱץסˣҪڮָףҲǲˡ
Լ˽ȥȵͷǺ潨ҵĺˡ
ӳŵԼˣ潨ҵһ˹ȥ֣³çˣû࣬һͷȵĹˣԺҲˡ
潨ҵŶ˵ԼǰǱ裬ûнӣɫҲûбãȻǲԺӳһס
ӳεطĲ豭һʱΡ
ף覿ӳ죬һ΢Ц
һ˶һ˵߽Ժ˲ʲôԵùںӳǴһء
֮ǰһԼ£ô죬Լ治ðìͷָӳ졣
Ǻӳ̫ˡ̫ûսӳҵĵλֻҪһһúӳܵΣС
ںӳ̲סȳ¶š
һףȴûжƣʱ˵ǳϰǴˣұƭˡĽթЩ黹˵׼ҲǶԵġ
-

250ºûйϵ

ף観ԺһֱųĬ濴Ϸ仰Ժ󷴵̧ͷؿ
СѾͷıǰˣȻ֪Ϊ
ʱͱˣֻԵƽϡ
ֳ︡οЦ⣬ףﳤѽ
ǾڴΪҪôȥ˵ʱףһ죺һڳºӢӺʱ棬ܶƫ٣һɳ͵Ŵжֽӯүүʾһ顣
潨ҵ˵
ףǫѷ˵һͷҳˣֱӿÿ𣿡
潨ҵ˵ҲǳĻں۳ڹܣԼŰˡҡ
Ȼô˵潨ҵǶףֹʾ̬ȸеġ
Ȼ˺۳ȴûԺԾӡ潨ҵֲòĵ׸̾ĺӣ֪ˡ
ףЦЦ
зѾ֣նɱˡ
潨ҵϵȥ٣תף˵ҪرˣԶٷɡҽмӶ˸һ뼦һôãΪ˺Ҳæˡ
ף¶һЦݣллүү
ԵʱЦģʮ˵ġ
潨ҵϵЦݣҲ˼֡
ҲһִֵĲͷ
ӳ˳ˡ
Ĭһվ˵ϵ˻ûкã·㣬Ȼȥչˡ
潨ҵƳһۣ͵һȻûҪһԷ˼
ӳûȤ뿪ұլ
ʱɫ˿һҲʣˣɫѿĺܡ
ףŤͷʵˣʲôʱ飿
һһ졣
ףһ㶣⣿
潨ҵ̧ͷߣʲô⣿ǸСԼѧã˽ѵˡӳʱ򻹴˵˵
ף覾ؿЩš
ģ
ҡͷϿҷϣûйϵ
ףһ㶣ӣмִ˵ĸо
潨ҵһԽ͵һһֱŵˣôҲ̫ĸˣǾԼ˷ˡ
ף覿ÿضʵ㣿
ôܻ㣡
һʱĦؼأ
ô˵һȷǷ糾ͣһ쵽׶Щʲô
ѵһĳһʰ
ףӵ߹һĨЦֶϵĲ豭غ
ѽѽףʱ̫
ʲô鶼
ף覵Ȼ潨ҵǰҴ֪һ飬ǺԾ
ףü֪ܲ˵潨ҵƤӵµϷһ
ףû߷¶һĨЦ
ԽԽˣһ㶼ǰĬԺ䵭
ԹԺף覾ͻףҡ
һ˻ȥⰲ
Ҫرǣף覻ףԺ󣬾˰ʰ
ûãӶ˾˷ţ˵С㣬ĵ绰
ףʵ˭
Ӷ˵
ף覷ֱߵ·С¥
绰ף覵أʲô£
ؿǰվŵˣһŵ绰һӶͷףʵŻؽ찡ô͸Ū󿨳ۣת۰
ƵģףôһŪˡ
ҪҲҪؼȥѽֲ۵ϡ
۵ʱǺᵽף覵֣Ҫúвˡ
ף⻰һЦ˳ѽʱȼôۣҲûá
һͳºӢ̸ͬʱһºӢؿ·ºӢһ۵
ף覽ܵǸ˲ǱˣǺ塣
ͱף覰źȥºӢҪһۣóºӢǩ˺ĺͬ
֮ºӢͰ۴Ӻߣ͵˱ǡ
ǺҲ֪Ҫ󿨳ǧô죬Ծ
Ͱһͷˮظˡ
ضˣۣôôҲǰ취
ףг˵żͻرˣҸʵĵطжһ
˾ͻҡ
ʵ·ûгʲô״ɣ
˵ûУһ·̫ƽ
ͷ̧ϴŵףվ˵ȥʰһǸ֪ߵغĹˡ
-

251²ʶ̧٣

һ㶣үҪȥ
˪粻ףʱҵˣҪǲᣬԲһıӵ
л谵ķĲֿһ˫۵ˡ
Ѿһˣϱ䣬ֽҲѾˡ
ƿֿϾɵ˵ү
һɫķף˫ֲڶϱ廨˹ȥ˳߿˽űһµķ
ײһѾĴڲֿ﷢һ˵졣
סȻһĪĿ־һػٻߡ
ʲô֣
ͷ˳Ƶ죬ñס˲Ҳӡ
һһںڰһ
˵ʧһ󣬽˴ȼʱ졣
ûãһ̵ζ
Ӳֿһӣŵ
ûнҿϵĺڲİͺڰĻ¶Ŀ־顣
ƺȴһҲϣͺһֻϵޣֻҪ˸սԣһһʱ˹ȥҧǸ˵ĺ
ʵӹȥˣΪǮʲô߶Ҫˣ
Ŭֱķ򣬷׵촽΢΢
ϵصسһڣ³һڰǰں۳Ƶһ߼ܡ
ɫʱŵòҰף߶µҡͷ˵ңʲôûиɡ
Цһ̧ժϵĺڲ
Ժһֱ鱳ֵˡ
ԺͰ˸ץ˹飬ǻû潨ҵ֪
ʵ֪˭𣿡
ص˵ͷү
ʲôöȾƣܣĲʲô¶ɹǷһƨծҲ˲ˡ
£ҲΪʵûˡ
ʮץˣûֵĻǶ
ǰԺɫѿˡ
ԵϣԼﻹкûϣ
˵ǧ򲻸ãôף覵⡣һҪˣھͲ֫ȫرˡ
ⲻǿţǰʱ򣬸ɵĳ
ǵطɱȽҪҶˡ
̧̣ɫƤЬˡ
Ҳû˽ҲǼǰŽɻġҲ˷ʱ䣬ң˭ģҾͷߡԺ󣬸ҹٿ㡣
ҡ
ߣ˶סһûġ
ʶ̧٣
ЦһһʱҲм˷ʱ䣬ת˵ȥĳ˵Ҹϰһ顣
Ѿ˵ĵϸ˳ĺծô࣬ҪֻǶָ顣
һ⻰Ļ궼ŷˡ
Ƿ˶ĳϰһǮûֻ·òײںһӣҪǰͻضĳնĳĹأϰ岻ðҲÿһֻ֡
ү˵˵
ųŲһ㣬ͷĵĿ⡣
³֪ҪǮȥ飬ӦԺ󣬸һǮҪЯҡҲһʱͿʱŻŻף覣˭֪˵ˡ
ԼǰԥسԼĶѡ
³־ߺûʲô飬ɲΪһǮԼ۽ϰ
ɫ³־ߣǺӳˡ
飬Ǻӳָʹģ
Ů˻ǵ죬ȻŶˣ
˵ԺҲŻˣҹ˯žүҪҾ³ȥɣΪһСͷҰɡҴӦ㣬Ժһٳڽ
ͷ˹Լǰһۣ˵͸ϰ塣
ɫˢһףֵү˵㻰ҿʲôˣ
˵㻰һҲԣˣҪ塣⻹ôȥ
һһĭ
ɾΪԼȫ˵ʱȴֻͷֿ⿴һۣ٩ǲܰ͸ϰˣǾϰԼ˰ɡСɾ⡣
˵꣬վ˳ȥ
ţ󺺾ʹ˽
ЩʶǶĳĴ֡
Ϊ׵һˣµծϰ塣
ϰߵǰһ۵̵ģһ˵ܲأҪǾүæҶҪҲˡ
һѾŵ÷ɫ֣ϰ塭
-

252Ҫε

ֿ߳ⲻԶ洫һİҲ֪浽ʲô
ĳĹʲôϰˣǾԲк³ġ
ûֿ﷢ĲҽУ治ɫ·ͣŵĳ
覣壿
Ҳù
ҪΪˣצӣûùˣҪ۵ġ
۳Ժ³־߹Ҳô
⼸ѵģ˯Ҳ˯̤ʵ
Ǹ³־߶֪һ㣬̫ɿǺ˵ֲԼֻʱһֱȥ
ƫƫôһ׮飬Ժ˾ʧˣҲû١˶֪ȥ³־ܲ¶·
飬һҲһֱ³־ߡ
ԵѾף֪ˣҲ֪᲻Լѡ
ϣ³־Ѳ۳ΰˣҪû˰ֻԼˡ
ڳѲһϣϢʱһԱȴҴҵ˵ףˣڰ칫
³־йĻŵĺܣһ·üͷȥˡ
ƿ칫ŵʱ³־߻ǿԼϼһ˿ЦݣףСˣʲô°
ף覿³־ƤЦⲻЦı飬ĵӦĺܣ㲻Ѿµ𣿡
ף覱Ǵߵģȴ³־һ׮ߣһӵĳƱ
³־˵ףС˼Ҳ̫ס
һװɵףֱ˵˺ӣڿ٣ЩǮˣΪġ
³־ˣȻϣߵ˵ǰ飬Ҳһ˵˭ֽţҪҿ֮ǰˣȥ͸˵ˡ
ڸװɵûõġף覰˱³־߶˹ȥ۸Ѿ׿ָ֮ǰˣ³㱻ˡ
³־ŵ
ԭΰųȥû뵽ΰžȻΪǿˣͱһ
ǲʲôҪأף覹ЦЦֻҪ϶ģ㲻Ҳǡ
³־һ㶣ⶥñףҪ۵ͷˣ
ǹ˽𣡡
³־˶ڳһ춼Ƕвӽֺĵһ죬ûҪ¡
㲻ˣҲɰ³־߳ӡ
˽𣿻ɲ˵Һʲô˽𣿡
³־һҭ뵽Լָʹ˵飬ȴ˵
ףЦЦǹ˽ôأ⣬ָ㣬֤֤ڣôӲġӽͲǺˡ
³־߿ŶԼǰ˱뵽Լܵݡ
ͻȻ˵˵㲻ܿңǺӳƸģĴˣҺһմأ
ף覿ӣȻЦ
Զײڣ˸ӴŵݣƨǣǰװʲôأΪӳ챣𣿡
³־ߵһףڱ˵³ͺӳմףȻǱʲô⡣
ԼȴĺܣͺӳжףҸһ仰˵ϡ
ף覿ŷ㶵³־˵¸㣬Ѿүү˵ˣҲѾӦ齻Ҵ˵ͺӳմףǺӳվǰҲһܿҪǲţھͿð칫ҵĵ绰ӳȷһ¡
³־߿ϵĵ绰һû˻
򣿡
ףЦЦߵ³־ǰ˫ָ󣬺һϵһ
֪³֪֪Ƿġô˵оҪεġ
仰統ͷһ³־ߵͷϣ͵̧ͷף覣Σ
ף覴΢ֻҪұ˾ҪΡ
³־һΣ˶ˣף覾ֵ˵ףС㣬û԰㲻ôҰҪңϾʹӺ뿪ܱܲ𱨾
𱨾ףЦôǮѵô׳𣿡
³־һ㶣ҡ
룬Ȼ̧ͷף覣ʵףС㣬Ҫʲô˵ֻҪ˵Ҷ
ףôеˣҪΣͽ˾һ˽̸Ļġ
˳ӵĹѾܲˡ
ΣҪΣ°뱲ӿɾͶˡ
ףһǻʲôҪæ
Ȼ³־߼ЧԼȳӣף覵ڵ˵飬һ飬ǵ鷳³ء³ܰãҾͰѹô
³־ӦãףС˵Ҫʲô
Ǹ֮ǰĵضԺӳЧҵˣô׵ؾ͵ˣɼף覶ĵж׼
ףЦ£Ǽ仰顣
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253ǲܼγϰɣ

飬ף覾ϻ𳵣ӽ˱ǡ
𳵵վʱѾϾŵˡ
ؾʱ̫ȥ˻վˡ
һף覴ӻվ˳߹ȥӹϵ䡣
λȥʲôջ񰡣
ף覿һۣ˵ջɴءٹ죬ӳͻҵˡ
ذӷŵ˳ϣüһ˺ʲôջ񣿡
ף˵һ˺ң˵˺ˡֻҪӳ첻ģҾͿˡ
ط˳ӣζ˵һ䣬̫
ףһ㶡
˵㿴޵ˣ޵ġǵڶ̵
Ϊº̣ҲŷĴѧȥѧ⡣ͺӳ֮ì̫͸ȥԸӳ졣
ȷĺܣǻĿҪԼˡ
ؿʵʲôʱܻԼ
ҹӳһճĻ㡣ףЩΧü˳
ף˵û˵أҺͬһˡ
ǶûеõԭͥӦеĹذǵļͥһĵŪ֧顣
˵ΪضԸӳ죬˵Լ˽ġ
еĵߡ
񽿣ӳ죬˶ѡ
ںȴҲġ
ͬ˰ȻܹеĺöΪʲôΪأ
ΪȥЩֵõģ͹ˡ
ףʵ۶Ķˣ
˵ûطţȫʱķֲֿءǧۣô
ף˵ȥֲֿ⿴
һ£ԼŪ𣿿ʲô
ҵ֪ºӢۣǲ֮ǰӺߵЩ
˻ǵöַ֮ĵġ
ºӢԼĽܣڰѺԺñʵĻǴƷ۴˺ǣǿɾˡ
ÿºӢǲֳôʵ
صͷ̴˸תڽֿڵͷȥ˷ֲֿ⡣
ֲֿгף覿˰СʱĳŵĿĵء
³Ժ󣬴ӿڴͳԿ״˲ֿĴš
ҹΧĵġ
ڲֿĪˡ
һǽߵĵƿأ˭֪ϾɵĵԺ󣬾Ȼܲӵֱӱˡ
ǽϵĿأ˵ֿϰô£ƾҲһޡԺҲϰطˡ
ף˵ǱҲʱĵطôˣ۾ˡ
ػͷ⿴һۣϴֵͲȥáһ£ߡ⸽ûôʰԼŪˤˡ
ף覵˵ͷ֪ˡ
תȥſڵķе㶳ˣףֻһĳȹ紵һɻֿ̧˼վűߵĵ紦
ף覵ͷ˴ֱۣȻƳһԵͨ細ڴʲôմ˴ϡ
ףһ㶣߹ȥ˿
κҹɫ̫ǽϵʲô
ףմһ㴰ϵҺ壬ָУġ
ͷһ񡭡
Ѫ
ףһմѪֲɵһ
ô£
طʱõĲֿôûɵѪڣ
ף覽͸ڵ¹ͷһԼĽűҲͬѪֿ졣
ѵ˵Ұèܽ˲ֿ
ף˳ŵϵѪֿȥ
ǲֿʵ̫ˣףССģǱűߵһӸڵء
ѽ
ף覵ϥ͵ؿ˵ϣ˫Ҳһ㱡Ƥ
һɾĳȹէȻֿĵذŪġ
ף˻һϵ·Ҫվͱǰľһ
סԼ죬ԼΪ޴ľŶг
Ĳֿһ˿ݵϸߵ۶ѱߣǱѡ
һŨŨѪζڲֿһѷذָĲӡ
ף覱ͻȻľŵñðһ亹
ǰģɲһֻҰèӡ
ף覲ŲŲԼĳĬʾԼûκεв
֪ǰǸʲô֮ͽûŪԷĶ֮ǰǲҪŭԷĺãҪ
˾ôĬŽ˼롣
ףС۽ǵǰӶںڰˡ
ȻȻüͷһ壬ѯʵܣܼγϣ
۶ѱߵذ׵һΡ
ǲܼγϰɣף˵㲱ϵ񡣡
һȥʱ򣬾עܼγϡ
ʱĲϾʹһİ񣬽˵ĲҲôһͬ
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254

Ÿ˿ڣѵؽԭпƵˣҲ¶˳
ǲܼγϡ
ܼγϿǰŮˣذס
ԭ㡣ߵСá
ףüͷһ壬ԲܼγϸĶ岻Ǻ⡣ǲܼγôҹģôһʱĲֿ
ô
ף覵ͷһܼγϵ»һ̲Ѫ
ףüͷһ壬ŵ˵ӦȥҽԺҽȥ
ܼγ϶ףЦЦ
û뵽үֻСãͦ
ű۴ŴѵҪӵվ
ףȥ˵Ұ㡣
ȻͲܼγϲϤе㲻ԸˣɲϣܼγϾôĵط
ʱֿȴͻȻһ
ûпһܹ
ܼγһ㶣嶼
ף覷ʵǵ£
ܼγϳҡүүģһ죬ҪŪӡ
ԭһЩԼ̸⡯û뵽˰һܵÿ죬綼֪˼û֪ĳòݵˡ
·ӵģҲϵһ졣ܼγֻûж࿳Ǵͷйߡ
ףܼγϱֿڣɵü
ֿ棬ؿǰһȺ֪ͻȻӿʵ˭
ԷȻûʲôģصķʣϵľصһţв˵أûпһܹ
֪ܼγڵӣǻﲻ֪ʲô˵Ҳȥ
ףһֿ̧˳ȥ
ʲôأҸֵͲôôðףߵʵ
ֵͲһգһģʵôŪģ
һֱֿˤһӡ
Щģһѵ㲻Ҫ𣿡
ף覿Լǰһһۣʵ˭
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϶żһף覺񻹴п˵
λεģֵҹȥʱ򣬻һ⡣
Ǹ˱ףյ֪ΪʲôЩذϵļһ˲ء
ڵȼǿ˲٣Щӣ¶
ץסʲôطŹӿ϶ҪȥȲ衣
ף˵ǵĲֿ⣬鿴ġһȺ˳żһΧòҪ˰ɣ
Ǵͷеףǻһϰ̡
룬ף˵ղһС͵ϰǮһգ۾ܵûӰˡץ˵ġ
ףһ㶣͵˵⸽
ͷ׺ǣǸղſǸ𣿡
͵Ǽ٣Ҫҳܼγϲɡ
ףϧǿɾͱǸˣҲǸչʲôҲû͵ߵϰҪĶҪҪǰһǸС͵
ͷıδüͷһ壬ϵ˵á
Ҫñ˲ͽˣָ©ǵ͵һĺá
˴ͷת뿪˲ֿ⣬Ⱥ˵ߡ
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ץһץҲǿߡ
ղǰôϵļһɼȺ˼ù⡣Բ˵ץô򵥡
ԽҪæȺ˾ԽǺԼݱ¶Ż뿪
ף覶˵
ֵͲһ·ֿȥеܼγϡ
һ㶣ףʵղŽеǲܼγϣ
ף覵˵ͷ
׷ʵǸֵĲү
ףֵ˵ͷ
ôڲֿصôǣһˣ
ܼγϵڱǶóʲôˣףǾԲġ
ôܺϹϵ
Ժ󻹲֪ҪΪ˶鷳ء
ף˵أһٺ͡
ܼܲγΪʲôӵģһһϢصĲֿܼܲȰɣ
ףֽһֱûеõܼγϵĻӦ
ף観ղŲܼγ϶ŵĵط˹ȥƹߴ۶ѣףһ۾ͿѾػʹȥĲܼγϡ
ֻڸ˿ϣµһ̲Ѫȸղףҵʱˡ
ܼγϵɫҰףף観һ˵֣͵ҽԺȥоȡ
ȻĵĲԸͲܼγǣ濴ܼγһѪصǰʱҲ޶ԡ
-

255²һ·

һؿϲܼγǵĳҹ͵ҽԺ
͵ҽԺԺؾף覻ȥϢԼҽԺȲܼγѡ
ףڱǺͽ֮ܣˡ
Լһ·ףҲûж룬ֱӻ˼ҡԤܼγϵ
ôһͨص췼ԷʱѾʮһ㡣
ף߹ҪŻط䣬ȻƳϵĹ̶绰һ飬ܵ˵绰ߣͨһ롣
֮ǰӦһҾ͸绰ģȴΪֿˡ
ôˣҲ֪˯ûС
ݵʾԺҵĵ绰˽ι
磡ףϲ㻹û˯
ɳߣһüģԼֱߵĹ̶绰ڼһϵĵ绰ȥĶˣôôŴң
Ϊף˵绰һֱڵ绰ߵţ´ˡ
ףĶ
ֵֿĲܼγϣǸ˲Сľš
ף˵ʱ˵С״ڶˣ㲻õġ
˵ǾͺáҾͻرǣԹԵģҪҵġ
ĵֻһףվڵ绰ߣţһһµصڵϡ
վڵ绰ߵСŮš
ţ
򵥵֣ȴ˵ĺ֣أͺ
ЦЦҲ
׼Ҷϵ绰Ȼ绰СŮ˼е˵У¾ŵ绰ŵ˶ߣʲô
ף覵ϸϲ㡣
һĨЦ⣬۵ײżֲ¶飬ã֪ˡ
ף覵ź޹ģǡ
Ӧã
Ҷϵ绰ף覵ľͲܿƵͨͨ
ߵϼҪ죬һ˫ˮ۾ȴġ
ʱϲһģϲ
ףһЦݣĲ˷䡣ãһöĸҥﴫ˳
ǲұϿŵô̫ƽ
̾ģ˲ܼһļ
һֱܼҴѹţûʲôͷĻᣬ˲Ŷûʲô˽⡣
ǰʱ䣬ܼγԽ綯һ˵Ļǻ˹ǽڱ˲ܼγһѡ
ҲֲܼγԼɵҹģԼһ˰ؾȥͶԷ棬˶ԷֵĻᡣ
ܼγʱ賿ĵ㣬컹û
ϻŵΡ
ҽԺǹɴ̱ǵˮζܲϲüûڲϴһ硣
糶ӵ˿ڣͬʱҲ˴˯ء
ܼγϿӱϵʵ˭
۾ء룬ֲףС˽
ܼγزҪôߵʵ˽ˣ
ֵЩ̱֮ǰ˵Լ˽Ҫô˽˻˽˵ȥˡ
˽һ˽أ
ָĵ٩治ɫ˵˽˵԰æү⡣
ܼγ϶Ĵ𰸺һҲģڲתһȦλƵףСأ
˵ȥˡ
ܼγʵôһŶԼȥˣḷ́ҿɻúõظлһء
үصɫ
ܼγڲϣ̬ȣؿأף覶ˣ
˵ףС㣬ֻΪĵǰ˼ȡҲϣԺʲôɵ˴ţϣԺҪȥԭ򡣡
ܼγϺһϣҾҪô𣿡
ƾһأҲ밲ѡ
ǡʱűƿ˴˽
һڲϵĲܼγϾ˹ȥŵʵүû°ɣ
ܼγ˻һѹƿ
ʲôأıɱ˿ˣ
æԼĹצԹԵվһߡ
˵үѾˣھͿغ֡
ܼγϿǣɻʵôˣ
ؿ˵ҽģүչˣûҪͷףС㡣Ȼү˶Ѿˣ͸Ͻ߰ɡ
ܼγϵ˹һۣͷ˵žһҾôкһʹҽԺʧ̫ðɡôţҲҪ˵һлл
ߵ˴Ϲϵɲףƽ׼ôһᣬһ£̫ϧˡ
˵һлתġ
飬ǵ˵г⡣
Ųܼγ˵үף覺㲻һ·ˡ
-

256µ

ܼγ֪ԼʲôöӵҲɹ١
ֻ˵ĵ׻ǺܲͺƵһ¶ӡ
ܼγڲϣ˵ƾʲô϶һ·ˣ
˵Ůɾ⣬Щף覻ȥӴġƾЩҾ֪ף覴鷳һֱĺܺãµΪˣֻšϣԺҪٳǰ
һֱף覵ڶԴŸϣף覺Ͳܼγǣ
˵ʲôܼγ϶ʼձԼƦƦӣһͦϲǸСһĹء
üʵү覸Ȥ
ܼγζ˵һǵһŮˡ
ر𣬺ܸɾ
ֻСãʵƻҪʤꡣ
һЦ͸ӦԼԶһˡ
ܼγüƾʲô˵ôôϲأ
ʵү㻵ĳףĵ׶ʵимİɣ
ܼγüôɡ
˵үΪԼܸ𣿲ܰɡʱ˵ϣֵ߳ô
ܼγԼǰɵĶʲôĺܡ
еһξеڶΡ
ԺܼγߣϹתƣһҲήٵף覵ϡ
ܼγϵɫʱص˼ˡ
˵Ǹء
ĸмף覣ͲҪٸף鷳ˡ
ڱôҲһ˼ҲûŮ͵ģôͱôһĲֵ鷳أ
ܼγƿϸŵıӣ´
ǰһסү
ܼγϺһ˵ӻغ֣ҽԺƵطסߡ
ȻҪߣǾ͵óף覻֮ǰ뿪Ҳذѹԭ
ӵؼŲܼγϣС˵ү㡣
ߵſڣܼγϻͷʵСӺף覵ʲôϵҼǵף覵
ףվ˵ʸ
ƳһۣѾ˵Ŀˮ˵ϣףܹһӹĺõˣҲ԰ҵĸ硣
ҡ
ܼγϷһмڣתŹ߳ҽԺ
ʲô磬Ϊݵòֻ˶εʵĸ硣˵ĵǺ
Ҫ켣³ô꣬Ҫء
վҽԺſڣܼγϿɵʣһŸ˿ڣһŹĲʵӣ˵ô䲻ףŮ𣿡
һĹȵı죬ƨүⱱŵŮûоųҲһɣô䲻ףأҪҲף䲻㣡
ܼγ̾һӻͦϲء
֪ܼγףһڣүǲŮ˲θڰҪǻףʵģҲУ
ܼγƦƦʵУ
˵УУ
ܴһСܼγߣôҲе·ӵġ
ֻҪǲܼγϲģܼܲγ
ܼγЦУȥҼźˡ
ףʲô˲ϵŮ˶ȥء
ٺٵЦүϳ㡣
ܼγҽҵȺˣұӣڱǿǣӷŪǲɡ
ף覻ص췼Է˯һڶߵʱȥһҽԺ
ǰȴֻǰأѾˡ
ףһ㶣ʵܼγأ
˵賿ʱ򣬺ֵˡϻҽԺһ
ףûȥҲãҲʡ˲鷳
춼ĺƽף覼ºӢۣûһ⡣
Ҳһֱܺãһкõķչ
ڽĺӳȴ̫ù
ں۳³־߱ף覶˵ˣ֮үӵʦ
û뵽ǣ³־߾Ȼڱף覿Ժ潨ҵȥˡ
Ҳ֪³־ߵǲӱ¿ˣ¶Ժ󣬶ȺʲôˣҲ꼰潨ҵݺݵؽѵһ١
潨ҵǼԺ󣬾͸ӳ
ھһεȥ潨ҵǰ飬潨ҵҲһ
ӳҵĵλһǧɣܿա
ھҵһˣҲûǰ𾴡
ӳû뵽ǣҲףǰһ
-

257ӳ

ף֪潨ҵһģһȥ۵⣬ԲΪ³־ϴʱ⡯й¶⡣
³־ѾǺĳˣѱﻹȥ˼ӳôԥؽӳˡ
ף覾㲻ڽˣҲúӳù
ôһĴӳ컹Ҫǰһҫǲˡδһʱ䣬ҪΪôʰԼҵĵλء
Ҳӽˣף覻صȥվ
ʱѾף覴һɫվڻվڣϱһССİʱվ
ΧӵվмҪû
һһӴӻվ˳
һҵף覣߹ȥ˻ؼҰɡ
˼⣬ף覿һ۽ֱߵĻЦҪ価ˡԺŵζˡ
һ䣬һǣڸɾĽֵϡ
Īһ£͵͵Ӧһš
ף覿Ĳ㣬͸żҰԡ
Ҳ˵Ĺһԡ
ŵ״Ʋʵج𣿡
ףһ㶣ûС
⼸˯ĵİȣΪӽ̫
һ
ףûвĽţ۵׶Ц⣬˵Ҳ쵽ˡ
ʵҪԼ͸𣿡
ף˵Ȼǣ
ԼĶͷĶͷһ£ǵ˵̫ϧˣǿǸһֱҪ
ףЦű
ȥ·ϣף覰ڲֿ﷢ҲѯĿ
ͬ˵ͬʱֶܼγԶһ㣬ΪǸ˲ʺ
ף覹ɵشӦˡ
ĵףҲǲϣԼͲܼγйཻġ
ʱȥĵطһӶ̤㡣
µʱһת۾͹ȥˡ
ף覺һֱڰ칫ˡ
һ⣬Ϊһֵĵ̫࣬ҪгɵķݶҪеԭϺúͳƷǷף˻ƣҪԺʵĿǲ١
ڰ칫һϣף覿Լǰһ˲ۻˡ
ԭҪȥ¥һߣҲ÷һ£һƿصİ칫ңͿǰ˲Լ˲
ףһ飬ĬĬżװԼûʱؾͿ
С㣡ʵǴ㿪ȥ𣿡
ף覵һͷЦˣҾûСͻ¥ˡ
Ȼǻȥˣشϱ˲ף˹ȥЩõģûȥ˶ˡ
ףüͷһ壬ҪȳȥԸķһ£
ؾ˲ף˵ȫµģʽҵֵʱ򣬾Ӧû뵽Ĺ
Ǯôпոôĵط
Ҳð꣬Ȼ͸ףûꡣ
ףƲƲ죬ݽô
غףദôͣ㲻ȫ˽ҲǶ֪ٵġ
͵
˵Ҫ˱Żظˣݽϲ֪ܲܰ
ףҧҧ뵽ÿÿҹĹ߷ߵشϽӹ˲߻Լİ칫ҡ
֪عæ̫ˣ
ղӦԼȥģ
ɱԼȥһȥİ칫ҼġûЩ˵ʱûʱ䡣
ؾһĵ˵
ף覵ɫʱˡ
˲ص칫ңͷɡ
ֻûһİ칫Ȼһ󼱴ٵ
İ칫еС㣬С㣡
ף̧ͷ˵
һʮˣúܽ׳ףæΰͻȻ״ˣְҵưԱ
һ·ܹġ
С㣬ˡ
ףһ´λվӣ
ƹİ칫ʵôˣ
Ա˵һ֪ˣĶˣر𲻽˵ﲻٶĸ˶ס˭ȥʹ˭϶ˡ
ףüͷһšأ
˵ղѾȹȥ˿ˣ֪ͨ
ף観Ҳȥ
ţף˳ȥ
ף覱¥ʵԷ֪𣿡
-

258ҲǸ

ҡҡͷһ¾ȹ֪ͨˣû
ףüߵԺ󣬸Ǽӿ˲С˹ȥ
ٽʱף覾ͿһȺΧ
һξ룬ף覾˴ε仹ȺľһŮ˾ֵļС
ףƿȺ˽ȥһá
߽Ⱥף覲ſǰ״
ԭɾļҾѾҵϡá
ɪɪضһߣǾ֡
غǰγһ̡
ղףһУȻҲġ
Ƕһ׳ˣ˵üһ֣ǾеƣһϿҲŭʮ㡣
˵ϣץһѱҶϵӡ
ӣмְ϶ѵαǵʽ
ָ˵ӣ
µһҿԡ
ףߵǰʵô£˭
صף˵ǰ򣬽֪ôҵˣһ˵湴ˣˤйءļƣҪȥ
ȥףһ㶡
ƾʲôһѾ˻ˣʲôʸ
˵飬һһװ˵ˣ´һһ쵽ֻȾƶĲ˻Ůˡ
ǺʵڹȥˣŻı·
ΰȻȥһͲ
ף߹ȥŷϾȻ˲ʡ
˸ղִˣ
˶ڷȻѾӰ
ףı˵㣬û£¡ҵĵطܰô
ףһۣӵص˵ͷ
ף覶˵λʲôú˵òˤɣ
ڲִֻϢˡ
˵Ǻ¡
Լ֣һҲηףһ˵ļƣɤʵʲô£ҹܽԼŮˣܵ𣿡
ףƳһۣˤӣҵġʮǮһѡ˵ҹܲܵţ
ף覵Ļһ£һ˵ǣҵ궼ģԼǮȥ
ף˵˭ˤĶ˭⣬ºʲôϵҪǸǮֻܴ绰Ҿˡ
ˤʱôˬ죬ҪǮ˾ڹ
һȻ߬αĲк
ŵҲŴģҪҾ죬ȥҲȫǵ˶Ǹظͷ¶Ĺˣҽѵ쾭壬ǻʵҲܲš
ףǱһϾɵĴ˼ĵˡ
ʵ㻹ҪҪţ鶼ǶǰˣʲôܵǲظˣǰƴʱҲǸ˰
˵ûʲôظ飬ˣйϵ
һ·ҵҲǹ겻ɢġ
ԭƻŮ˰ǲǸ𡭡
ΧȺ˽ͶȥƵĿ⡣
޸ˣǵ˰˱ѪùӴ
ҿҲǡ
ôһۣʱ޹أԼӵܵս
͵ؽԼϵαһңǼľͷƴɵĶʱˤϡá
ӱ죬ӵļ£ֲ١
һٶܺõ嵽˴ң˭Ҳ֨վһŭؿ
ָ˵ӣ㻹˺߲ǰɣҹ
ףһһ裬޿̵ˣͲˣֲִ
һ˫׶Ĵ۾һһ˵赽˭õ£ӹ
ף˵ǰѵˣ²ŵһֶҹܡҪߣûšԺ󣬾͸㳹ûϵˡ
һװ˵ıδ󺺣ף覵ûһɫ
Ͳܹš
ҪȥԺָڿ鷳
Ҿؿף覣Ҳû뵽ôһССŮˣȻôһ档
ڻϣɲκһˡ
Ļ¶ֲм˵ô˵أԭ˵İôҲǸҪӣ
һǰλһ㣡
-

259

ЩҰﳤˣû飬ﶮءֻˣŮ˵ĸƷ
ô
ֻҪ˯Ůˣһġ
ʹ
ҪǮʱǵ취ŪǮ
ף覿۾˵ڸ·ߣҪôڸҴȥԺҲǰҪôþȥȲ衣Լѡ
ӴСӣΪ˵仰Ҿˣǰһ˵ҪҾͽˣȵڣļҲͷ
ȥһһ໰ȥһȭͷסڣ
ؽʵʵشһ£Ϲ˲ʣҲѪ
һڴѪĭ߳ŭĿأģ
Ҳ߶ʮһȥͺŤһ
ף߱Ͼ˶࣬ĸӵȥŰѴһԣʱѾȭͷˡ
ľְʲôģȭͷϸȲ
ϰһȭѪ͹
ף覰شӵϷʱ򾯲ڸϵ
˭֪һˣȻ̾ɵװϵؽлĴϰ´
ȥһš
⶯þ쿴ʱлĸ
ôһԵظ۸˵һˡ
첦Ⱥ߽ʵô£°
ץžĿȣһ۸Ϳڵģ˵ͬ־Ǵ˰ô˴һ㿴ң϶Ҳˣ
ףһǸ£תԾ˵ͬ־£ǵĶҵġλŮͬ־ߵź֡
ף˵ţӺ˳
һϵȷ˲ʣζ
һ̴ӵͬ־˵ѣ˾ļ͸һˣǾ˶۸һأһµʵˣϱȴô۸
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غװףһף覱˭
ԭΪ˻Լˣȴû뵽겻ɢȻڹ컯֮
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ת۾ͱ˹˵˵Ҳö϶˭Ĵټϸղſһţ󾯲ֻð˶˻ȥ
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ûʲô棬Ժûٿޡ
ھֵҲɵӣף覸ʼĩ֤Ժ϶ǸߣǸǩһݱ֤飬ͷ뿪ˡ
֣߳һֱصǸ
ҵĴǳģЩ鶼ġ
űӣûѰϣĵ׶Ǳȴǰͬ顣
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㲻ǰ취͵ӲԽԽ۸
ǹȥˣԺ󻹲֪ôء
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ףļ˵Ǿſڣ¡
Ȼף˵仰Ժһĭʹҡڵ뿪ˡ
ͷ֣鷳ˡ
ף覿нԶıӰ˵˵ֻֻҪҵҾһ㱻ֻ۸
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ף覶˵ͷˣһǿסģ춼ҶҪȥ֣һʱҡ
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ˣףҲͲˣصԺ󣬾ȥϢ
һĹ
˵ף覣ĵ׶ɹĸһ¥
ץŻᣬһǸһһӵһйߡ
-

260С壬С

زʲôˣȻףҪȥϢʧһСʱҲףˡ
ʱ򣬻ף覴ˡ
˿ͦˬ䣬Ҳܺá
ףǰһվͦñľ廹ֱ
ظף覽ܵС壬С
һףСá
ףһ㶣ʵȥϢǣ
زǼ˵ӰһȭҲʲô¡㲻˶ҸˡоҪǶԱ죬ӦҪ󡣡
˶˴ԺģǾûǲϤĵط
ףߵǰǰʵǴǰǸʲôģôӦݹ
ЩȻǺ̻йصˣ̫ϲԼϤ¡
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˼Ȼѡģȴ־ֱҪһ
С˵ǶǱﳤģûʻȥ飬ͳһˡǵÿһǶ飬Ǳ׼ɵĺá
ף覿Сһֿۣ˿վǸС
˶ݾݵģǿҲ
С۵ðľⲻһСǸһ㡣
ףʵǸåǡȾƶǮʲô¶ɡ֪鱣ᰤİɣ
Сͷ˵֪
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С촽һû˵Ȼ
ʱߵСȴͻȻ˵Ǯࡣ
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ףһ㶣˵һΣ
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üСʵڵеˡ
ף覲÷ص˵ͷĺãҵǵȷЩǮ
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ףתһԵǮʮԪֵĳƱ˵˹ȥ
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Сһ۱ָǮ߹ȥȻС뿪˰칫ҡ
ԺزʵΪʲôָǮ
ף߻ͣ˰칫ſڣ治棬ҰжǮ˵֮ǰ˵ĻģĳǮġҸǮʱҪ
ʵûнأ
ûнЩǮ˵֮ǰ˵ĻƭҵģΪ֮ǰǱеĻɡ
Ȼʼ򣬡ˡ
ף覵һ˿ǿɲһǮʱԥ˵ġ
С忴ܾ־ף覵ġ
ף覾ҪģСֿͣΪ̫ƭˡ
˺ױԼ˫ĵһӡƭ
룬Ұǻˡ
ף˵ˣŰɣԺõĳء˵ֻǽӴҵĿĲ岻û
˵ԺܴСϣ㲻һĶ
ף覿һصıʵǲûˣ
صͷ˵İɣûˡ
ҲһˣҪǰһȭһ죬Ժ󲻵Ц
ף覵էȻһĨЦݡ
̫ˣ˰ɡ
˵ֱ꣬߶ѻ˲˹ȥ
أ
˵˾һҲˡ
ߵ㣬СС̶Ⱥˡ
ףֱߵˣ˸ſϡ
°칫ҵţ˽
˲ѵĸߵļҪףͷҲ̧˵͵ɣʣµ㣬ĺ۰
˵Ѿˣôһ£ĽȶˣҲһֱûϢŸհѽĹꡣ
Էþò˵ϵһ˷
-

261´ݹ

ף̧һ̴վ磡
վߣ˱Żԭۣ
ף覵ͷʱҲûôҪ㣬˭֪µʱ򣬻ôĹ
ߵף覵࣬Ƕɢ˲õһ𣬸ճһط
һǸˣŪɼȷˡ
ףʵһȥ𣿡
˫סף覵һͽ˱ŵϡ
ף覾һؿ
˫˵ˣ㡣ҪӰ๤𣿡
ףҡҡͷݽϣҪȥϢ
Ҫôȥǻ
ʵڻؼң
ף覵ͷá
ס֣ǣ˳ȥ
·ϵϰԴѾϰΪż˵٩һ䣬үףС㰡
Ȼǲ᲻˼ģף覣Ầߡ
˶ʱܻߣļͷʱܻԼԼߡ
˵Ƕһԡ
ûбվһ𣬸˸оƥˡ
ҹף˯Ժʹ˳
Ŀſһף覣˯ĳֱӽͷϷŵԿ˿ڴ
Ǳֵĵطǵҹȴžĺûסһ
żһֻжʯУҲֻĵҲӼž
˯Ժڿʣ¥Լ˱ˮȴԭӦϵף覵İ칫͸⡣
ĵɻѵ»ˣ
ˮ칫˹ȥƿһڶѻɽ˲мˣȴ
ү
ôһ˳
̧һۣͷûӴˡ
Ц°
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ӺףűߣûҪȥæ˼ү㲻Ǹף覵Сϲ
һӦ
ʲôϲϲģֻǿף̫۶ѡ
ףһ˯ֻԺȴڼ
תһȦȥſڿžͱƿһ׺˽
ף覽ӹϵĶȥղרȥ緹ˣ
ʱ򣬰ϵԿףſڵİ
˳ġ
ףһ㶣תͷʵ˳㣿ղȥĶ𣿡
װ˹ս˿ʵûϢ𣿿ûʲôӡ
Цûʲôȳ緹ɡ
ף観Թ緹ֱȥ
칫Ժ󣬲ŷ϶ѵһ˲϶ˡ
ףץʵ찾ҹˣ
ʼ磬ǰ˸Сҹɡ
ף覾ɵôͻȻôܸˣ
ôһ˱ˣ
غܿ԰ְЧʣʵֵ̫óˣ
ҡҡͷŲԼİ칫ҷߣܸɣҲȲܸɰ
һϣһֱǰףϵһ˲ˡ
ֻǰѺ˶Թ˲ߣ콻µСƷŻز̶ͬѡ
ֵǣףᡣ
ⲻ׵
Ȼףʵʲôʱ飿
ףһ㶣ôͻȻ
Լĥһ߻˰칫ҡ
ǻɣܿԸһ㡣
ô˶ɾˣף覽á
Թ緹Ժ󣬾ȥһ½֡
Ĵϣף覺ȻǰȺһ𣬻ڲˣǰʲô˲һ
ףһ㶣ѵˣ
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ǣһӴİ˹վڽֱߣؽܴҵעӡ
ǲйģǲˡ
ܼγ϶ף覵ӡҲֻһŮ˷ܵȥԼΡ
ǼǰԼӷֲֿ͵ҽԺԺ󣬲ܼγ϶Ĺע˸ı䡣
Լף˺øУȻҲֻΪǺܴһʱߵʱʹؾˡ
ǰҲûйһʱЩŮˣĸת۾ˡ
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262̫ζ

ǵȲܼγϻص֣ӸһףʺŮźʱȴĪĵ
ЩŮԽף覣ף覱˵ӾԽӳòܼγ϶ò˼ǣһμףʱϵǹɵ
ܼγϻص˵ʱ򣬾ԽԽþƾʲô͵߰
үʲôʱô˵Ļˣ
˵ף覾ȹ֮ñ𱨴
˳شһˡ
һһ˳žͱˣһֳţ˭ܰ
ܼγԼûз֣ף覵ʱ۵׶ġ
ǺĿĲͬף覿ܼγϾ;ͷۡ
һںͲܼγϵһ֮Ե˲ûʲôøСֿˣҲһưˡ
ףƳһ۲ܼγǣŵĹǰʵүôһҪ鷳𣿡
ܼγע⵽ףƳС񣬾ԼĹӣϵЦ֡
Ȼһֱ硣
ܼγϰѹݸĹ˫ֲף˵ȻǣҼȻӦ˾үĳӣһ
ǡף覿һȺںʵһ˹ѵԷô
ܼγһ㶣֪طԼ̵ȷǰɶŹʱݡ
ǲܼγϲŲϴ
쵱ĲܼγϣôܸһСŮϴء
ܼγϺӲؽĻ԰Է㲻ǾȹӿȪ౨һ£µůůӣչչ⡣ҲÿҲүڵϾô塣
ףЦһͲ˵ӿȪ౨뷢һХһҡ
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ףƳ˲ܼγһۣ۵̲ŭӣŰɵģ
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ף˵õı𣬾Ⱥ˴ҵʧ
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һΰĹûץСŵ㣬Լٰһӡ
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ܼγ¶һС顣
̧ͷһһͲͣĵ׶ʱֱĺܲˬˡ
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ܼγֶԹ˵ǻȥٴһ
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ϴƲүıﻹûץסأүƮˣ
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ǰͷ˲ܼγһۡĵ˼ףСǿǲ˳ŶǲͲүϹϵ
˹û˹ܣ߻زܼγϽűſ
յĴ֣ף㻺һ㡣
˹˿ǼǴʧˣҲͲΧۣת𽥵ɢˡ
ܼγЦеؿף覣һ޵ӣ㿴ûƭɣҾ
ף覵ͷתȥڶˣǷˣˡ
ܼγһ㶣㱨ˣ
һƨ¶ûأ
ףƲϵķʽҲֱ̫һɣ
ǣ˹ӣ׷ף˵ʲô
ףƳһ۸Ĵ˵˵㡣
ȲܼγͼʲôֻҪͼһԼİѡⲢҪʲô
ҪǣһҲͲܼγ̫ǣ
ܼγһվʵף覣ǲң
ף覲Դһ˫͸ż룬еﹴ˵÷㣬ζȴԶץţ˲۷˲ܼγϵš
ܼγϵ͵һĲպбļ˿īԼӶˡ
ûж飬Ҳ˵ʲô˵Ļ
ʱֻһ뷨٣ŮҲ̫ζˡ
Ƕʱ䲻ãһǸϲˡ
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263ǡ

ף˵֮ûʲôҶԲү˵ᡣҶĸоҲԲϲ
һӪˣòʲô뵽ܼγϵʱһŮճ͸ϲܼγˡ
⻰ܾܼγϽӽζ̫ԣǲܼγˣʤڲҪ
ף˵ôμĻԺȴֵܱǷ˴ŵԿһ
ܼγϸ˵˵ԭûнϰʲôѵģԺΣнˣϵͻ׽ˡ
ףһ㶣һξ͹Լͷ۵ˣҪΣ
˵˭Ĺϵ׽
ܼγǲϺֽԱôһ룬ԼԺ󣬺ͱԼһô
үûҵ˼ף˵Ҿǲʲô
ףû˵ܼγϾ˵ףҶ
ף覲ޣƫͲ
ô
ܼγϰڰ֣ף˵ҾкһʱҲûʲôҹݷãϣ㵽ʱҺȱ衣
ף覣
˭ҪȲ裡һܼγϺȲ˼ûС
ܼγƦƦضףЦЦһϵĹҡڵת뿪ߣؼҳԷˡ
ףվԭ򴽣Ϊ˵ط
ؿ˿ף覣ʵ覣𡭡
ףתߣһѧĻӣôܻģһеˣҵӡ
ʵҪô죿
ܼγ˲ϣԲʲô¡
ԭΪһͲܼγ̸Ժ󣬲ܼγϾͲˡû뵽ܼγϾȻô֪˲ֺҲ
ף˵Σû˼Լˡ
ԼҲһʱûʲô˲ġ
ףûй˼ҪȥͷȻͼҴҵˣף˵ףС㣬ˣǸˡ
ףһ㶣Ÿսӣôˡ
ĵǲһķʡ
ףʵĶ
˵Ѿĵˡ
ףüͷһ壬ӵķ˹ȥ
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ֻɪɪڽһСϱģ
Ҳ֪ʲôóˣһĨһѱӣƳ˸ףһֺۣ뿪ˡ
뿪ǰưײһ¡
ףüͷȺʹ˸˾͸ȥ
ףߵǰʵʲôˣ
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ף⻰ĵ׾ͶµĻš
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ôʲôöû̵뿪
һ֮ǰʲôɵ¡
֮ǰ˺ЩĶһЩû뵽ת۾ֱԭˡ
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˵Լ飬ҪԼûз˼ǾǲģҲﲻ
ף˵꣬ת뿪档
Χ˿ûֿɿҲɢȥˡ
ʼյͷ
ãһһε䵽˵ϡ
Ϊ飬ףһ綼ûٳš
ֱֱߵӶˣҲڰ칫ûж
ţף覶˽һ衣
Ѳŵףǰʵ飿
ףתϵıӣ̧ͷʵôŮųǸӣ
Ѿ۸ˣ֪
˵ÿĻһȷǺϣŮ˻ֵСų͡Ů˺ټġ
ף観³һҷŪɡ
ˣ۸
ʵҪŪʲô
ף˵֮ǰڴôöûг£ôһ˾ˣ㲻ɺҿһڱ顣
ص̧̧еĻӦúܿͻ˰ɡ
ղߵʱѾССȥˡ
󵽵ǹֻҪһ֪ˡ
ף覿һߵĵ绰ͨ췼Էĵ绰롣
绰ͨԺף覾˵磬ҽܻȥ㲻ˡ
绰һŮǡ
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264δСɩ

ףüһƽʵλ
췼ԷһֱпãŮ˸ǡ
ҽС٣ѣ㡭
ͷŮû˵꣬绰ʹ˵˭ĵ绰

СŤͷ˵磬ҲʶһŮˡûпսӣҾȰˡ
һˮӳ˳
Լ֣Сٵӹ˵绰ι
磿
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ң⻹Ǹŵ绰
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ף̵ʵô𣿡
ǸŮѣʲô飿
Ťͷ˿վһԵС١
Сͷ¶һɰЦݡ
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ˡףȻ˵绰Ҳһȥ㲻Ҫӵģæͺá
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Լû𣿡
˻һȥٲУԼҲῪף˵
ĬĬãעⰲȫ
Ҷϵ绰תС˵Ϣһ£Եˮһʹȥ
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绰ԺСٶԼæ鵹ǲżˣЦеڿʵ磬ղĸ˭˵Ǻᰡ
Сˣߴ˺ü̫꣬˽Ըˡ
Ǽ׽ˣܶ˭һ档һΪǾԸ
ǽ죬ȴһһ档
һ㶣һ۵绰۵׷ż飺һСѾͷҴǰ˵ģСʱҿųף覡
СٻȻ򣬡ԭλð
˭֪һ̣ȴ΢ЦŸδСɩӡ
СЦһ˲ĽӲѵѾ
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ЩСС˼ңǰͲŮԼȥɣôܻܾء
СٵĻ֮⣬ɫ˳С٣ףҲ˼ңҲûΪ˼Ҫֻ覹ĺãǸϵǮ
СٱôεЦЦ
磬ֻôһ˵ûжģȥֻҪϲǸﲻ˵ǰҲûй֪ԼļҵĹ޸ء
üǰȷûٷ顣
˵ҴףҵǲӦõģǼҷǲ⣬ԺҲ˵Ļ
ף覵ңСô˵ףңˡ
Сһ㶣ͷҲ˵һ仰Ϊʲôôװǰġ
˵覵ļˣҲҵļˣҲô˵ǡ
СҲ˽ܣϣҲСٰףҵ˶ⴧ⡣
ʵϢҪϢˣǾ߰ɡ
СٿûüһڵĲ裬ǣǿЦЦ߰ɣ£ôԼϺء
һߣף覹Ҷϵ绰˳˼
ؿ鲻̫õӣ߹ȥʵôˣ绰ʲôˣ
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265¸ô򹷰

ף˼һŮˣġѡ
˵ֵʱף覵üͷ΢ɲһ¡
Ǿѵ壬Щ̫׼ȷ
Ҳ˵
ЦЦΪݣп˺𣿾ŮˣҲȥ̸߰µġ
ܸоЩֵֹġף˵ҺһĪĵ⡣
ףõرء
һҲݱ˶ĸо
ҲԼСǲǡģΪǸоǸСٶе⡣
ԷǡʱһСԼԾӣųĸо
˵Ū˰ɣһܶʲô⣿ʲô֤𣿻ڵ绰˵ʲô˵Ļ
ףҡҡͷֻ˵Ů˵ĵС
ʵʵ֤ݵûС
ЦЦҪȥŵУǸδˡòģȥҲ²Ҫĺá
һе˼ǻɡ
һ˻ɣ˾˸ңġ
ף쵽˭˵Ҳˡ
غܲӵش˰ɣǸ飬ǿͱŮʲôһȥԺʰɡ
ףƳһۣҧҧ
ˣŪ𣿡
صͷŪˣȥ֮ǰв˵ҪĵˣһǮŵ뿪ġ
ף覵ͷ̾һ֪ûõôݡ
ʵʲôǮ
ӣܸĶ˰ɡһʱĵ꣬˵㡣
뵽ǸˣԼϰһȭ
˵˹ˣ˵治С
ף̧۵ȫҲ㲻ȫıС
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ԭСûô󵨡
Щ˵ĵСųǵ棬ԽԽ
ףһᣬһûзһҪٸ֣ҷǵڵΪֹҵĵ̣ɲЩ͸ġ
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ף覵۾һɺݾ
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ֻСһ˴˽
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Сͷ˵뿪ԺǾһֱȥһ˼ңȥԺһԺȥ߽һƬȺⷿȥԺҲûгˡ˯ˡСȺⷿţһ˵һš
ӦһطˣǶûʲôݣҲı׸ҹ
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ؾ˵˽½ڿֻҪ̼Ǳ߲ʾɿڣͻһƤһҧǲš¶鷳ˡ
ף覿ǰ˵ȻȷԷһˣǾ͸ô򹷰ˡ
ؿʵˣ
ɱһѲܶడ
ף΢ϣܱѶࡣ
ֻҪ´θһԲ˶ߡ
֪ڵŮҲǺǵġ
ףֱߵİ˵ʱ䲻ˣȻȥˡ
ؿڵɫ˵ɡ
ˡ
ƿ칫˳ȥ룬Ǹȥ
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266ʲô

ף覵ĳͣڽֵһߣףߵĽֿڣҪ·һĳͻȻ𣬻ε۾ۡ
ףֵ̧۾еվվ
˭֪ǳյԺûһҪͣ˼ٳڵķ˹
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ףһ㶣Ӧͬʱ·һվŵһ˹ȥ
ף覱һײˤ˵ϣ˿ͬʱײĳ͵ײ˽ֱߵһô
ӵǶײ˲Ϩ˻
ף覿ǰĳһ˵ȴ̲סʹһˣӢ۾Ҫӣ
ףһ㶣ƿѹŵ˵ͬʱ˶ԭء
ܼγϣ
ܼγһŶӣһʹ˵ƨУ֪·
ף覣Ҹղţе֡
ô˵Լƨô
ܼγ׹˼ʱˣΪ˾㶼ɼˣܲ˵ĺӰ
ͷðŴŴŵ亹ף覵ͷһܼγŵĵط͸·ĿʺѪ
֮ǰ֪˭ͱһӣһǸղž˵Ķ̫ңոշ˿ڡ
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ףҡҡͷû£¡
һ㶣үô
ܼγϽȥԺ󣬾;úܲþ
ףٴμһ棬ĵ׾͸ӾŮ̫˼ˣ˼ҪŮˡ
뷨һĳ̾Լףǰĳʵǲ
һףˣ
һ˺Ժ󣬾־Ҫĵף覶Ĳӳ񣬶õİ취ףǰһΡ
ԼɹΪ㣬һ̫̫Ĳںһɢף覵ע˲Ӱ졣ĸл̫ƽӹֻԶٷԵûôг⣬ԲǸ֡
һһܺõĲȡ
һһǰŵʱϲĽָ
ָǰ˽˶Ƶģ󣬻г⣬Լʵ̫ˡ
Ϊָڼ﷭䵹һ硣
׼ЩԺͻѵֱˡ
ȻǸʱҲû뵽ףʱ㣬Ѿ°˲顣
ɵǲܼγϻףˡ
Ժ·ͣ˳ߵĽֿھͿף覣ֻ׼סף覵ʱ򣬽۵ĳӾͳףײ˹ȥ
ʱܼγҲ֪ԼôˣԼôϧһˣôӳһͲҪسף˹ȥ
ڲܼγ뵽飬ֽ֪ŷ
ŮԼҪǸʱһв
Ҫһ룬ֵĲүɾҪƨˣ
ž˵ҹƨôĲֵ
ص⣬ܼγ۹ۣĿỹһҪˣġܽ˵Ҫǲͱʬһ߿ްɡӣҪʱ򣬻ǿ
ף覣
Ͳָܼγϵ˵ʲô˻
뵽ղžԼһףҲûиƽϡ
ף˵˵ôˣȥҽԺ
صͷѲܼγϷǵĳ߹ȥ
·³ʱ򣬲ܼγ˵һ¡
߹ȥߵĳţӲǰŵק
ˤϣͷϻѪһɾζ
ȻǺȶˣԲûп·ڻ
ܼγ϶ݺݵ˵һţһþƹ㺦ûȾƲȾƲ֪һԼŪ
Ͳʲôˣ㱻ײˣ˼ǲйߵġ
ף覷ŲܼγȥԼˣѵأϳȥҽԺ
ܼγһѹųţŤͷŷԼŮˣϺȻ¶ǸƦƦޱǷЦ
ף覣ʵ˵ղҾʱûرĶûоرӢ£رţرҪ
ף覣
һɣֱӰѲܼγ϶˳Ӳܼγϳ˿ڵʹԼİصһ˳š
ˣǸϷ
ףָ߶˵ǸҲϣһ͵ҽԺȥ
ص˵ͷ߹ȥ̧ˡ
ܼγҡ³ʼף覿飬˾ˣʲô
ף覸ųĲܼγ˵ײҵˣҲϡ·ߣû𣿡
ܼγһ㶣ӴСǻͦкݾ
šϲ
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267²һܱȵ


С߳ʱѾ߸
ͷһʱ䣬ʮˡ
ӦѾ˰ɡ
Сվ·Ĵ˿˵磬Ѿˣ⸽ҲûʲôɲһȥʱڱһӣеԶ
˿ʱ䣬ֿ˿С٣ͷá
Сٸ˵ĸ첲߰ɡ
һ㶣ͷСԼֱۡ
Ȼ뵽ʱֻҪǣһǣֶẦߵĲС
Сʵô磿ߣ
źۼط˵߰ɡ
·ͣŵĳȥСٸմ򿪳ţһͳǿ˹
ͣǰ棬ҴҴӳү㻹
ʵôˣ
˵С˵飬·ϱһƹײˡ
ɫһףһֱĽĴǣĸҽԺ
˵үżܼγϸպڸʱ˾ˣСûʲôˡڱҽԺѾȥҽԺˣ֪ͨһ
ף覰Ѳܼγ͵ҽԺȥʱ򣬲֪ϵ˱ԼΪҪء
֮ǰϹ˿ѿ⣬ף˵ʱԼף覵һ£ļιˡ
ףͲܼγȥҽԺʱϱûʲôǮǴʯҪɷѡ
ףϵǮǮ̫Զףֻȴ绰ȥ췼Է͵Ǯȥ
ֵ֪Ժ󣬾һȥҽԺǮһ֪ͨˡ
˵꣬תС˵ҪȥҽԺһˣͲȥˡ
Сһ㶣һˡ
˵Ҳˣȥ
˵ߴ򿪳ȥ
СٶûлܾĳѾԿߡ
СεЦЦСӣɫˣҲ߰ɡ
СٺͬһʱʶģҲϤ
ЦЦð鷳ˡ
ô˵ţСĵȴ黳Ÿղף覡С㡯ԼֻǡСӡ顣
ǲĵףҲΪף覵ĵλԼҪ߹
С˳Ժ󣬶ʵ磬ǸС㣬Ϥ𣿡
˵ʶһʱˡСǵʱ򣬾үһ·׷ˣòģҶ׽ֿˡ
СʵǸʲô˰
СһܺõˣҲûдСƢͼӣԾүҲܺáغóԡпϵۡ
СһԷ˸ۡ
ʲôûдСƢЩǧС㣬һӣﶼеƢ
ףҲǰΪ˲úøУװǸӵİɡ
СЦЦأ
һۣѿڶʲôǲһ
С㶣öϵͷﲻһˣ
СֺܴҹĶׯ˾֪ˡԭҲΪǸͨĹӴԺ֪ܶ˵סأһܱȵġ
СϵЦ𽥽Ӳʲôģ
ЦҪ˵Ļڼҵãѡ
Сٵĺ촽򣬾ֻ
ϣѵûʲôرͻĵط
ûãͽС͵ʱⷿ
ڳϣҡ³˵С٣ҾȻȥˣҲϢɡ
Сٵͷã翪ʱ㡣
ųⷿǰ뿪ãⷿԱ߾߳һСӡ
Сٽ㣬ڻˡ
Сٿһۣ˵ȥҲǸף覵ݵϸ
ΪһߣǵһΡ
ҪǸŮ˵ʲôãͷ࣬Ҳܸףôõۡ
ɻʵǲǾҪ𣿲鱱ǵ˸ʲô
¶еʱ䰡
Сץϵİ˵ʱˡ
ҪڻˣԺҲûлһˡ
ͷҪף覡
һ£ʵǺǶô죿ء
С˵ȥ˵㲻ùܡȰף覵
ɵͷ˵ãһȥ
ҽԺͼǰ̨ڽѵѽɷѵҪסԺߣͱסأ
үô͹ˣ
Ϊүһء
ָסԺ˵С105ŷ
ˣ󲽳105ŷ˹ȥҲȥ
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268ҰûУɫǲȱ

105ŷܼγϸף覺˵Ҫ
ףʵΪʲôҪ
ҲϲҪ106ŵġ
ף覶Ҫ䲻⣬105106͸һǽʲô𣿡
ܼγʵҶˣŪ˳ķ
ף覣
ܼγĲҪ̫¶ƣ
ףһַŶͷûȥǲܼγϽԼȥȲܼμ¡
ܼγָֹԼļףʵʵ˵㿴ѵûһģŮ˵ĸԵ𣿡
ף覶ĵ٩ûһоһ˵ңҺܸмһҲһƽˡҽҩһȫԲүҲͱѰˡ
ܼγüŮôôû˵仰Ҫ˵Ѱӡ
Ҫ˵ԾգžͻȻƿ
ܼγ̧ͷȥ洳˽
ףһ㶣磡
ߵףǰתԼŵ߽ף¶ɨһ飬ûôˣ
ף˵˵Ƥû¡
⿴˿һɴطǻá
ף覱ԼĻһû¾ͺá
ܼγϼ״ܲˬƿԼߡ
ף覵ζôôô졣
һɿ̧ͷŲܼγʵүʱôǶ
ܼγϵָףüḡ˵ף覾һȥлҾ㲻˵ллôˣ
˵лҪлġһΪʱʱѾˡôˣүȥô˵Щ֡
ʱףûзǸ⣬ҾͲɣǻòܼγϰҹȥˣ̫ˡ
ʲôʱʼôˣ
ܼγͷЩɵ촽ʲôʱӹǾү֮ǰͦںСŮ˵ģΪıءôôˣһ˻ȥǳô
⻰ĳ֮ı
˵ڿһĽ棬ܼγƦƦģȴǸࡣ
س˵ֲɽǡ
ܼγϷʵҰûУɫѵȱŮҹ·۸飬ǰѵټ
һĬ⻰˵ʵû
˵ү˵öԣҵʧԺҵŮһԼչˣˡү覣šֿǿ㻹Ҫǵǿ
ܼγϵüͷ
ǿȷҪܾˣ֮ǰƴҲûӮһֱͷ̡
ԸǿأȴĪزҪˡ
Ҫأζף֮Ķ顣
ζԺҪûйϸˡ
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ôûºףһ֣ҪܿġҪǿأԺûĿˡ
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֮⣬ףǷ飬ܼγôûףǣһȥġ
ܼγϵɫʱ
˵үˣǾͲϢˡ覣߰ɡ
ף覵ͷ߳˲
ܼγҪסף覣ȴǣ˿ڣֵ˴ϡ

ȻǰֱӰ˴ˣҲ̫һ㣡
վڲԲܼγʵүҪ˰ҹ𣿡
ܼγϿ˾ͷ
쵰ƯˣһӦ
ôɧأ
˭֪͵仰أܼγһ˵꣬͸˵˵ҲҪҹҾˡ
߳Ŷʵľֻһ⣿
뵽һں۳飬νⶼ˼־衣
˵ӦǣǸ˾Ǻˣҿĳ
ͷף覣ŵ˰ɡ
ף뵽ʱĳ΢΢˵ͷ
üͷƴͷϣ
һһ£ף覸İġ
鷢ˡ
ܴСĶܵΣûйֹֻһ˭϶пܷ⣬ҪΪ˾ÿǷ
̧ͷЦģøҹܹŵ˰ɡ
ҲҪæϢʱӦҲ̡ܾ
ɵǣף覵˵ؼҡ
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269¶

صԺʵʲôæô
ף˵һ㲻ȥˡ
ʵҪæ𣿡
ԸеǿӲֶΡ
ףҡͷ˵ãһҪǶԸ˵ĻԺҲˡ
ʲôˣ˵
á
ף覻طһ·ȥԡϴ˸衣
վھǰȻƳϴ̨Ϸһ
ףһ㶣ǶԶ˿ⲻĶ
Сٵ
ĬĬǶԶս
䶫ڱ˼ңɲʲôϰߡ
ڶϣףԺؾʵȥԺϢĺ𣿡
ף覿ͣ½Ų˵ȥһ
ʵʲô
ף̯ģݹȥһʽĶһá
һ㶣ϲ
ף˵Ҫá
Ǹ˿һȥεҡ
ԽԽáף覶
ʮ㣬ףڰ칫Ŀһ绰ͻȻ˽
ãףŮʿ𣿡
ף˵ǡ
ǱҽԺǸˣһͳԺˡǸ˵֪ͨһ¡
ܼγϲǾδôôôͳԺˣ
ףʵԳԺ𣿡
ʿ˵Ŀǰ״סԺ۲ȽϺãǲ˵ļһҽԺԼҲҪߣס
ף覣
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֪ˣллǸҡף覹Ҷ˵绰
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Լһʰɣ
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С۾䣬Ц˵˼ҺòһˣͲæҲ̸±Ҷûüллء
һ֯ۻļ΢¶Ǵ󵨡
˫ֲڿڴûСٽݣûʱɣҪȥˡ
Сһ㶣Ϊף覰ɣ
ô
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СԼĶͷ˵ʱ򣬺ѶϴּˣȥԺôҲҲš
üͷһ壬һѣȱôǰСõһȡ
Сƺǿ͸뷨Լ˵Ҹ͸ҵ岻ͬҲôŪȥϴּһңҲᵢ̫ʱġ
ı򣬡ðɡ
ÿһСپѸٵ˽ȥ
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Сٵϴ̨һɨΪɾͿҵԼĶ
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Сٰױ̨ػصط飬ҲûҴԼҪĶ
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һ㶣ۡ
ǵã
СʶԼʧԣ˵ѵҼǴˣ
ͷ³һС٣Ҳ¶ȡ
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270óÿ

Сһ㶣ǣˣ
Ķͷϴּ䣬ܲġ
С˵磬˭ҵĶڱĵطģ
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ף覸̰ͼЩС˵ˡ
Сٸҵ˼ǣôˡҶŮӣЩϡ棬ô˶Ҳпܡ
۵¶ֲͷһͷɣڿ𣿡
С˵磬ҺһȥλףСɡ֮ǰûл棬λᣬʶһ£Ҳʶ顣
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СĻϲĳǸ˲ף覣Ҫˡ
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룬˵ǿ꣬ⷿġ
ⷿСٵ۵¶ȴ˵ⷿҲðֵôҪҲСԣƾ̫󣬶ˡŮҲöǮҾͺܺá
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˸ߵף覵İ칫¥£ף覾ʹ˳
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271Ҵƴ

ףŤͷϵǸЦС㣬ȷ𣿿һҵġ
Сһ£ôܣҵĶҴģֻһϸҲĿʽ
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û뵽˵ףȴʼĻ
ʵСʱҲãҪɣҪб¡Ťͷ˵磬˵ǰɣ
÷ĵͷţ˵Ķԣ
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272ѧԴ

ԼģһߵֿڣףҪϳСپһԼ˸ʻλϡ
ƫƫԼʲôûӳ̽ͷף˵覣㲻ϳ𣿡
ףŤͷһЦЦСǡ
ôϲ˵λ
Сټ鲻ԣװ֪˵ǲҪʻ
ף΢΢һЦûУʻʲôãײʲôܵľǸʻƽʱҶġ
ף覴С߹ļ򣬡ϲɡú
С١
СٵɫһڣλõĿҲûˡ
һѾϺף覣˼վһϼʻ˳ӡ
ǰ˵ˣǲôΪʲôأ飬С٣
ѽĹѧԴô
ΪСλãűֵôˡ
ͨһ㣬Ϊף覸ղŵСƢˣʼˬ
ֵܱôںѵá
ΪףԷԵص˴¥
·Сټκ˵ֵЩ䵭ΰѻƵףϣСЩþ
ӿ¥˳ߵΪף覴˳š
ĹﶼҪˣȻҪúúһġ
Ȼף観Դ׵ĸо̵ذԼϱûˡ
ף覱³Ժ󣬱ڱ˿λãĸ첲һѡ
˻һʲôû˵سЦЦ
ף覼̬ãԭûסԼʻλΪ
Сٿף˳ҲڴڸʻϣԼš˭֪Լǣף覵ֽ˷꣬һ
Сֻ֮࣬Լ˳ǡ
˴¥СĴһ£˵ĵεǻװеķӡ
ףԣ̧ͷһۡ
ͷߵͨ
СһͷַԼҧ䣬ʱ߹ȥʵ˵ʲôأ
ܵ¶ҷʲôƷóԡ
СջߣĵҲ֪ڷء
ǼǷܣҲϣ۵ףֻף覡
˸մ¥ϵ¥¥Ĵﴫһ¡
˵ӦһŮˣһȹӣȹȴŪһƬѿۡ
۾Ǹʲôõģῴ·ôϵˮŪҵȹӣ𣿡
ĴʵǶԲ𣬵ǡ
Ůʢˣʲô㻹ҽڣ
ף覶һǸģ֮ǰŽĲƼ
Ǹʢ˵ŮˣžȻҲм졣
ţף覼˴¥ľ˹ȥԲ
λС㣬ʵǲ˼ÿ춼ҪʱˮΪǱߵŻ˴򲻿ŻӴŪ·ǺܱǸǰһȹӣ
ΪСƺĺܣôˣǲĵ˵ȹӿǺҵģһ¾£ŪˮԺ󶼲ٴˡ
ЦСô
ŮָȺϰսսϵص˵㣬ҿˣԺ󶼲￴ҾҲݳԷˣ
¶ɫ
ƼףСԷŽˣôܹ㿪
Ů˼Լ֧ʹ˺壬̶Լ磬㿴һССľȻ๤
ף覺Ȼʢ˵Ůˣ֮ǰڴʱĻ鰡
ı仯̫ŨױĨִıȴǰ³̫࣬һʱûϳ
ʱ黹ˣû뵽ת۾ͺһ˳봺¥ˡŵˣ֮ǰҪҵˣ
˾û齿سԼ˵ãо˵ϡ
Ϊ˱ԼţüŭĿضԺʵʲô˼ҵŮ˱Ȳһ๤ÿ¶ԷѵҲ˰ɣɳۣ
ףüͷ
˵󲻴˵СҲСִżСǮΪǵˣȴǴû
ٻûƷأͲ֪ߵغؾԼǻʵˡ
ףҲܲµôԲƼɡ
һķ򹤣ȴֻ˲Ƽûѡ飬ĵһΪ黳ġ
ڻԼˣƼȻҪúõزϲƼһĵײʹ졣
ʱ
ףŤͷʶǸˣ
-

273º

˵ͷʶСװģ֮ǰ˵Ҫڱǽһ֯˽̸ͬرǹ۳Ǽ졣
ףһ㶣ɲô
Сߵ˵磬߰ɣʲôֶﶼУȫµĶܵꣿ
ȴͷףʵأ
ף򴽣ȫµĶǹܹܲ꣬ܵģƤӵµ飬Ҿ͵ùܡÿ˶ô˽ֻԼԺԼǽͷʱ򣬻ָ˭㣿
ƼѾˣôҲֻΪйһʱ֮ߣѵĲƼ˵ȴڵļͥ
СƳףһۣûдҲҪСı鷳ʱ˲ɷˡ㻹СĶն񣬾ͲҪԼ鷳ˡ
ףǵ㼿Ϊ
˵ˣף覲ǰô
ΪװװľܵˣϵҪǶô򵥣˭ȥɰף˾ǽ飡
ף覲ȥһۺԼ飬һ£Ƽ֪Ҫ۸ʲôˡ
̧ͷ磬ء
˵ΪԵġ
ȥľֻҪΪ壬Ͳȥֹ
ף覵˵ͷĺ弸˹ȥ
һˣʶظϹͷȴףһֹˡ
ﻹǴҪף覱ϹϾ˻ɣǵߵĻ˻
ף覵ͷŲƼʵôôСģЩ㲻ȵ𣿡
ף覵ĳòƼ˲١
֮ǰף覰ŵ﹤ģף¹ĵġ
Ƽϰץϣף˵ҸղˮȥͻȻһˣһæ˵ʱ򣬾Ͱˮˡ
Ҳϳǰϰ壬ҲͬʱԼǰף覽ѵЩ顣
Ѿף覵ԱˣҲһ㶼ף覡
ڿкŵˣڱһװ⣬ǾΪ
Ѿҵˣףôأ
ףѵܶ
ң˵֮ǰף￪ǼҷݣڶѾ˽ˡ
ףһ˰ɣ
˫ֻأ̧°͸߰˵ף覣Ȼǰҵϰ壬ǽ¶ֲܣһ߶ȥ
Ҳף覵òסһ꣬Ͼ۵Ĺټ
ǵ鷢һ㣬ݺݵ˺ĸ첲һԺ󣬺ɫĿ⣬׶ؿף覡
ǣðģ
Ҫȥף覲㿪ֻ֡
ţֱһֻ˵ץס
ץס˵λ˵˵Ů˶ʲôֽţҲǵĿѽ
ȻЩݣǾԲСġôץź֣ʹ˼ξȻûܳɹ
ףСǵϰ壬ôףСԼĵ̱۸
⾭ȻݣǿƺҲǣֻ˵֪ˣ֣ȸɿ
ŷſֱۡ
ջ֣ڱ࣬Щʹ
ף覴һۻȹӣȲ˵ҲΣ˵ϵһȹӣ˿ϴϴɾҿ⣬αͱˡǰڴϴʱĲãҲṵ̂ôɣ
˴ˣڶѧ᣿
һԼڴϴ;߳ܡ
ȥ˲ٺõطЩԺ󣬾͸ΪԼǰĻ́ͷ
ô˵£ͲԱˣϰһѹңҰ˭ͱ˭ܵ𣿡
ף˵һ͹ˡ
ѲƼԼһվǰһҲõӡ
Դ˵ˣϰŮ˳Ӻʱʱظ
ͻȻðôһŮˣĵ׵Ļһ¾ƣ߸߾ٹף覵ͷŵǰװ⣬ǲǣ
ף覣ˣҪﶯ֣ԺɾͶ̤ҷϰµκһҵˡղǽͻӦþԷҷϰĹأӦ֪
һ㶣̧־ô˿С
ף覼˵ǰʱպλϰԹ˵˭Ҫĵ£Ի˵ĺԺ˾ͱĳκһŹϵ
-

274

¥֮ԻΪǮϲĵطΪĴǮȨĴ
ʳ⣬ҪʸǳԹ
˭ҪֳԷڴ¥Ƕû
ҾʵԷΪ˳һٺóԵģҪĻᣬʶһԺյ
ף֮ԻԴ¥ʳҪôߣںƵεһЩҪ廻һƵˣΪ˱֤¥ĸˮƽܸЩˮƽԼơ
Ǵ¥ӿµ˴ûٹԱ⣬ķŻᶨôһء
ֻҪǾ¥Էˣ֪¥ﲻ¡
˵£˵ʲôʱһҲ
ͻѾֳСĶˡ
ղ˵һСװ̣ǡóڶ¥Ѹߵ¥㣬ɼĵλҲǺܸߡ
ôΪӦҲԺҲôϵ
ף覾ǳ׼һ㣬Żв
ֹ봺¥ԺôһʸԹ;ôܷŹôõĻأ
ֺðûз£عʱͻվѾ̫ˡ
õǣôĹϵֻ֣վһһشߴףһɫ
򹤵ʱͿ˲ף覵ɫóźڵʱһ
ߵĲͷˣ⵽ʵ㣬ң
鱻ǳһǱһŰӡף覵Ȼǳġ
ףʵ㻹ʹ¥ϰԹôʶģ
мǮ˶֪¥ϰصĺܣҶûʵòֻкξʶ
ǰŮҲʶ
ף˵ȻԼķӡ
⻰˵ĺֻɵòŻҵİɣ
죬ҿɲǺúŪģ
ף覻ͷ˺һۣ¥ĺξʶ¥ϰ壬ǳԷһҲڣ㲻ţ
һԣף覵˼
ְѾԹܶΣˡ
ͷףСϰȷǳԹ507ᣬԵĻ㣬ϵĲˡ
վԶͿһУͷЦһ
ˣӦǶԹְܶ˰ɣ
ΪԼݣҲɷѿġ
СһЦŤͷʵ磬Цʲô
Цɰ۵׸ֳů⣬ؿף覵ķ˵ôôɰء
Сٵɫֳ
һߣô˵֮ǰԼֵʱסľٶʱͶ˴롣
¥ĺξҲҪŮƭ
תۼ䣬ף覵񶼴Ӳм档
ܺʹ¥ϰϹϵŮҲ򵥰ɡ
˵ڴ¥ϰϣһô죿
ףºЦʲôпϣѵͺнʹϵķҲʵǺƤ
ף˵·⣬Ժǲ˽ҲƼ鷳
ƼŤͷףС㣬𣬲ףСƷˡ
ѾǼҺܶˣôףС㻨Ǯأ
ף覵ҰŽ¥ģҾҪ㸺ԺСĵ㣬ڷĴץסѱͺá
Ƽĵ׾ΣվһҲ˵ʲô
û⣬ʵҲУ٣
ף˵˵ҿɸ㣬·Ǻر͸ҵģҲ˿ǮɱһǮ¡
ȻףԸǮǸɴһ㣿
ף覲Ǯô˿Ǯ˵Ҳò֡
˵٣ףʵ
˵˿飬
ףüŻ飬ǮҲ𣬵ǮҲǴ紵ģҵľ͸Ӱɣ
ǾûӻǾλ̫㣿ף覾ס·һ಼ϣϵ·ֵǸǮ𣿡
˿飬ڴһµĹʲŶǮҲ˵
û뵽ȴ˵ҵ·ֵǮ컵ҵĺ飬ѵӦһ㲹㲻Ҫ㵱ҲǸϰ壬Ӧò᲻ЩǮɣ
ף覻ͷһ۵С٣ҪԸ鲻ûа취ǽ첻Ǵʱ
룬Ǯó˰˿Ǯ˻㡣
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275ҿ

ӹǮȻĵ˵㡣
Ȼ´ףһۣЦ˵֮ǰķѾˡڻǮԷҲǲװǲ֪ǴŪǮ
ףЦһǮ˵һ˸أҪԼ޵۹ˡʵ̫ˡ
һҭһ˵ϻ
ףļͷɨɨ԰Ժٵ˵ʱ򣬿ɾҪˡߵλ⣬ǣأ
ף˵꣬ͳ˹ȥ
黹ûӦ˼Ⱦ˼ֲԾ
Ŀ׷ף覣ͷ֮ǰһֱҪϵ뿪
һ㶣ѵǾүŮˣ
ǸղŶŮ˵̬ȣүǶˡ
һûܺ;ү̸⣬ǻ˾үߵŮˣǸûָ˰
ָŻ˵ɻҴˣ
Ҳû˼ٳԷˣֱ߳˴¥
׷Ǯʵôˣ
¥￴һۣǸŮ˿ɲһ㣬һ֪˭ԺҪ⣬ɶҪָأղŮ˵ˣܸǩͬ𣿡
¥ף覺˰䡣
ף覽˵ݸС٣ʲôѡϲģ
Сٽӹ˵˷ȫ֮ǰף覿ɰ飬˵һҳҳķȥȴһ˶ûѡ
ףĵתűӣǣһֻȻ۵Щʱȷʵˡ
һ־ܾ֮ǰˣɼף覵˽֮
ף˵µˣͷˡ
Ȼ뵽һ飬ŤͷʵһˣǲˣҺ˲ϵıעǲص֡
ܹİ칫ҵûмؾֻˡ
ҹ͵͵ԿףĳĿʲôġ
üϲĳġ
ףһЦã
˵ͷֱߵˮһˮ
С̧ͷһۣȻ˵ݵǰ磬ɣ֪ϲʲôģ
һ㶣ûнӹݹĲ˵ǿףһۡ
ѯʣҿ԰Ů˵㵥
ף観Ĭ룬Ȼŵ˵ͷ
һЦСϽӹ˲˵˲Ӱţ⣬޷ƬΟh
СЩˣسףЦЦƺҫжôģǵԵĲʲô
ǽţ˵Ѷӣ̫Ϻ㡭
Сһ㶣Ťͷ˵磬ҲϺ
Ӳ˵̧ͷ֪¶ϲԡЩǰġ
Ѳ˵壬Щɡ
ʵҪ𣿡
áϻȥҪܺȾơ
С٣ǵҲǲȾƵġ
ףһۣʱӣֶԺ嶣ԺԷʱҲϾơ
һ㶣
ضʲô˳ԷϾƣڡ
ĵףһۣ˵ʲôǺȾƵ𣿼סҵĻ͹ˣ
ǿ£սսص˸ͷ˳˰䡣
ף覾ˣʵ磡ڸ
ķݰҪʲôʲôѵ
ƾʲô
侲˵Լʳɡ
ף覾ȵҲ˵ҵʳɣͻȻԼҸʲô
սͷ˵ҿˣҲֻ㣬һù㡣
СߵЦһá
ЦЦǼ¶ɽʱ򻹺ԣҵÿ㡣
Сٿףһۣζ˵ôã˵Ҷ޸統ϱˡ
⻰߷ּ٣׼
һ㶣ŤͷС١
С٣˵
С˵磬ôãµŮ˭ްҸղ˵ʵ
ɾûлˡף覿˵ѾףʽףҲҳˡûĻһ顣Ҫ޸±ӰɡҲС
СЦĿ˵Լ˼ĻףҲͬķʽЦЦС١
ͷβЦеģ˸ܲκСٵ˼ֻСٿһЦ͸ſһЦѡ
ЩСȴǼ̶ġ
ף覣ҧһ
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276Ǹù

һٷ꣬ʱѾˡ
Сſڣһִļʵ磬ɫˣҶԱǲϤһȥ㻹֪סĶɣҼҾڡ
֪ף覺Ĺϵ
ͼ˵ſԺһ⻰ߵСǰ˵ǿСȥ
Сһ㶣ͣ
˵ǣ¥ķһġ
үףСˣŮ˾ǲۣҲҪ˭ΪףСˣôܸŮ˻ᡣ
˵Ǻ죬סǶܽȫ͵
Сٵüš۵͸ֲˡ
˭Ҫˣ
С˵Ƿķܵ
ô˵ȴԲᡣ
ҪǺ
˵ΪףСѣǲṩķ񡣡
ף覿źЦЦǾɺξˡ
ҪȻôôϲأΪɫ
֪ԼʲôҲ֪ʲôʱӦóͷ鷳ѡ¥ѡˡ
СٲʲԸ˺зԱĳ
ףһ췼Է
Ժף覸һˮ
磬ҪϢ𣿡ףʵ
һۣƺ˼˫ֳϣл˵ʱѡϢ
ףߵǰվ촽Щŵ˵СٵĶߵġ
ͷ֪
˵ף覶˶٣ǹġ֪ǲҵĶõصʱһҲʱȥġ
³һѹźܳĵӣ֪ôԣҵ֪Сٶ㵽ױʲô뷨Ǹʲôˣ̽
ĬƬ̣Ȼ˵֪
ףһ㶣㣬֪
һˮ˵֪
ؿʲôʱ֪ġ
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ıӣ˫ֱֻۿף˵˵СٴĶʽϲͣ˵Ķʵʲôʱ˲һװ磬һ۾ܿǸǲģҺ
ÿһȥ۲װ磬Ħϲáû˱˽ף覡ֻҪ˵ѣһ۾ܿ
ף覵ͷʵΪʲôҴң
ܵͣ͵ĺһʦץסϴĺӡ
ԭƶļƻû뵽͸СӹҼһ
ôõϷ̫ˡ
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ЦҵˣСǰôһҪ֪뷨ʲôվһߣöѹ
ףһȦСסҴֻ취ȥƬҶڲغԼ塣
֪Լģ㹻ġ
ףһ䡮ҵˡһҵ˹С
ǳģԼ㿴СȦףҲԲƣѡ档
߽һͷ۾˵ҲţǼ覲¡һùֻҪ֪ԼǴģһ̹ס
֮䣬˱ȲϵһΣ
򵱳ףҲ˵ԼʵǴ¥ϰ顣
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Ϊף覱ΣŲȥ𴩣ȥʡΪ֪覻Լ˵һС
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ߺһЦ
ף覵ԴʵڣǼҵСҪ̹𣿡
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ѾԼüΣʾԼܶϵܵĻף覺ܲˡ
˵ģû˼ǸһͨѶѡңٹãҪˡ
֮ǰСٵ˼ҲСٻİʾֻСûʲôоҲֻǵǸϵѶѡ
ٻСٵĽ֮١
Ҳʱ䣬Сپͻˣϲϱˡ覸ҪΪǵĹϵġ
ף覵ͷʵܱ֤ͨѲʲô𣿡
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277¶жĥ

ôţЦø𣿡
ף覵ͷ˵ϲ飬˭˵׼ء
Ҳϲδĳһϲĳһ˲Сˡ
ʱʱôš
СѾͷȻôЦһָĶͷϵһ£˵Ҫϲϱˣˣ̫ˡ
ΪʲôҪֻصȥףأΪⱲѾ϶ˡ
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˭ҲǷ顣
ļһ㻶ϲ
˫ֲڴƵ˵ΪģԺ󶼲ٽ˽Լˡڣ𣿡
ףĵ׸ˣ˵˵ĺҶСԴһ
˵ڳԴףҶżζˡ
ڱǰǹ󷽣һĺܣʵɰʹСӡ
ôϲôܻΪԼġ
߰
ڶСûٳףǰ
ӦǸŮˣףһ϶ú졣
Ϊûʲô飬ȥ
û칫ңСʹһ·˽ֱӳ嵽ף覵ǰ˵ףС㣬̫ˡ
ףʵôˣ
СŴ˵Ǹһ죬СһֱڶĳӦ˲ųġղǸҵֹˣҪȹ֪ͨһ

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ԷǸᶯֵ
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Ťͷףһۣô죬ͼ˫ֻЦЦ
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زؿﻹʲôԸĶ
ʱףҲ¥칫ˣֱк˵Ǹȥⷿ㶫
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ףǰ棬ǴӰ칫¥һֱߵ˽β
βνӵľһΪضƧƽʱߡ
ԱǵЩ˵ľƹǣƽʱֽƤͼƱֽڱܷĽֽǰһѡ
зĵطҲٲһе˺
ף覾ʹµԱ˺Ӫĵط
ǰһ֣ԱͰЩƷŵ˵ϡ
ڵ˺ǿЩƣ̲ס졣
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˺һĭص˵ͷ
ףʵ𣿡
Ǹ˺ֵ˵ͷ
ףЦЦһƿ׾Ʒŵ˺ǰǸˣһ仰ûѵͣ𣿡
ʱ˺ߵһؤͻȻ˹ӵƿ׾ƣƽر˻
ָԼ˵ףҶ˼ҪҸʲô˵ֻҪƿƸң
ףһϲˣӵվָ˵ҵĵ̣ȥ𣿡
һؤΧ˵رã
˵Ż۾ȴҲǶף̧һӾơ
ף覵ͷϵָ˵һһȥҵĵ£ˣǰҰŪȥЩƾˡ
ؤûƺû뵽ô򵥣
ףЦ
Щؤ˺һô򵥣һӵϵؽľȫһա
ǰŮֻ˵ҪǸµŪȥ͹ˣôˣܽһС鷳
һؤҧ˰׾Ƶƿǣ͹һҾԺĨһƤ˵ֶûصģʱǸҪ˲ˣɱǡ
ףЦЦҾϲûصġȰɣܺȶǶ٣һˣһǵڶ䡣
Щؤ᲻һ¾ͺЩƵģһף˵еڶǾҲѣһȵıһͣԼ³ˡǿ̫ûкȵôõľˣ
ף覿͹ҾƣߵЦҲԽԽ
ԼЩ鷳£ҪǴã˵ȥˡ
Щ޼ҿɹؤ˺ԸĻɾͼ򵥶ˡ£һųȥ
˵ǱߵڶĳǮԺĺСԤϵһ͹ˡ
ǸŮ˺ʰŻŻ͹Թ԰ǮˣȥҪǮ˭Ҫ
һͨԺȥ̼Ҫһʣһʻ
-

278ϰ

̼ҵ˸˵ˣֻҪֵðÿһΣõʮǮ
ʮǮǸԲһС֡
֮ǰһµĳӣҲֻõʮǮѡ
ʱ̼˿Ժ۾ֱˡ
ŲǸŵĺףĵʲôϸֻҪǮ¾ˡɲãѵ
ҡڵ߽Ŀȷĵꡣ
ͬʱܼγҲҡڴ˽
ŻغϢһ죬Ϊڴеģˡ
϶ҪȥԼϲĵطģ
Ȼǣ׳İ˹ӣС
ԭкˣһɫʱˢס
ӵ߳һȥôˣ
˵ϱĵ꣬ô
˵ϴβ˵ˣҸǮҲҵ鷳𣿡
Ƴһۣ¶һЦ
Ů
ôǮҲߣڿɲôӦԵˣ
Ȼسһֻ˵ôǮȻǻˣٸ㡣
ۣˣĶôǮ㣡
ЦôֵĵطһôܻûǮҺúø˵Ǯˡ
˵ֲҵģףСƲŸһ棬ϴѾеǮˣ㻹Ҫ
ӣ㻹Ҫǲǣ
仰ϣߵһˮ衣
ͻȻľٶŵüһ
ʱĶΧ˹
ĵ׺£ΧһȺˣȴǺܺãʮ飬Ҫˡ
ܼγһ£ǣȥԺ󣬾ͼһ۸Ůˡ
˾ߣҪҪףʰһµˣŲܼγԼ뷨һ
ȻüΪˣ
ǲܼγϰ
Ǻպĵͷ߰ͷ߶Ӧģƽʱ۸˵һŶ԰
ôԼ趨ɳֺ˲Żɵأ
ܼγҡҡͷԼַԼֻף覶Լһ¡
ܼγôһأ
ʱһԵȺ׷ÿһף覺ؾȻˡ
ܼγϵļΪ֮ٴαϣǣվȺУſף˻ʲôٶ
ף覼åȴҲûк£ǹƣһضԲܼγ˵Ӵˡ
ε˵覡
Ȼû˵Ҳ֪ôͷ֣һǶ覵Ӱġ
Ōŵؿ˵ҾˣôŰɣ׼ٱһξأ
ɲͲף覰ִһͷͿԸ̼ҪǮˡ
һһأף覽˾죬ڱǴ˿̼Ҿ˫Ǯ
ôֵ
ף覵ͷЦЦõűҺ룬Ըˣ͵ñֵġ
㶣⻰ʲô˼
ɻ䣬ף覾һ˵治ʲô̫ƽĵطÿģеǱҪǮġ
Ǯƿƾܽ鷳
ף覵Ļһ䣬Ⱥ߹߸ؤ˺
Ǵ󶼺ȵðϻһյľƿ·ҡҡλεġ
ƽʱҲ֪ǣ±ҴԲֵĵطߡ
ǽף覵׼ߵĴҡڣޱš
ŵϵζӶ㵽һߡ
һؤߵĲȣһľ˵ϡ
ЩֵһҲ·٣ǸؤһؤһȭͷӹԶ㣡
ιؤһȭͷڵϺͣ
༸˺ؤˣΧȥһһ׺ݵ˵ô˰Ǯ
ǣǮǮ
ؤŪԼ·һĭޣһؤҪǮӹԶ㣡
Щ˺Ǻ͵仰أһ˵꣬˺˵Ʋǣ۸ֵܣ缸ϰ
Ǹ׳˫ȭѵ֣ô߸Χȥһֽŷľƾܲ˵ضһᡣ
ʱͱñףҽϴǵİΧﴫ򣬴챨
ϧڳ˭Ľк֮ǰоԼ۸Ů˵ĶΪѾôҶû˻
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279˵

Ⱥ֮⣬ף覻Լ˫ۣŻսеһȺˣ
ˣ͸øͬ¾˽ѵ
һϢЩ˺ִǮѣ׵Լϡ
Ҫﳤȥף覾͵ͷָ׿ڵҵĵطûǲҪ˶Ȼһͷñ鷳
˺˼Ц˼һץסһȣ˳ȥ
ǽ۵ԱߵһȻЦﳤȥ
ҪǹȥߵĽֿȴףסֱۣԸ˵ˣҰҪʼ͹סûеߵ鲻Ҫܡ
һһԴʹ
ȥԺõľԲڣֻǸ޿ֵı
嵽ûǰߡ
ؿһۣȥϢɡ
ף߳ߵߡ
۾ڵϲͣؽлл·Ҳֻǿһۣҡͷ뿪ˡ
ף覲Ÿ߸Ьǰ£ûбҲûо죬õˡ
סԼ۾֣۽һƬ࣬Ϊᣬбѵӡ
Ⱥ˺ֹȻᡣף覿ˣЦԽ䡣
ף˵žƷ˼˵ǰҲġ
һ㶣ף˵㰲ŵģ
ףԴ˵ôҰŵģԼ˼ҿɶˡ
ǵȴ˵Ϊ̼ҵǮôҸ㣬ԺһΣұ֤ǴһΡֻһССĽѵ´ΣҪһˡֻҪұ֤̼õǮ㸶ҽҩѡ
Ļŵòһ£Ҳû뵽Ůˣôݡ
ף˵Ҫ۸ϰգ
ףЦһǺ˾ƣֶûмңڽͷָʵ̫ˡˣͲýأȥ˻пȺԣ
ĵҲܣ˭˭أ
ף˵ŵĲ´Ьģ㾡֡Ҫ֣ʱ㡣ҵ뿴Ƚܿ򣬻ǲСĸ״һˡ
Ůˣ
ףȭͷף覵˹ȥ
ףһ㿪ȭͷȻվӺݺݵһš
һ
ףĵˣ
תȥͷͿһȵĲܼγϡ
ǣŵĹ
ףһ㶣˲һ޵ĴӲܼγ˹ȥ
Ϻдһ֡ʲôûŮ˽ѵ
ܼγϣ
ҲǸԵСõף覣
Ůˣһһεˢʶ
ܼγ׷ף˵ף覣ҿǸ˾ǸҪҪҰ
Ϊһͷߣа취Ըˡ
ףƳһۣʵϵ˶ˣܵQˣ
ܼγϾϲ˵ĵԽģԽ
ǲԼġ
ĲүôΪһŮ˶˵ȥûӰ
ܼγ˵޹ģ
˵գһ¹ǲǰ
Ӻϵؽһ
ףڽͷվŲܼγ˵ôط㲻ޣƿǣܵ޹в
ܼγϺܲˣôԾ˵ģ޹ȻȥϲĵطˣȻܿ𣿡
Ȼϲ˵ĵҲϲһֱ̰
ף覲Ųס
ǧ֮˵һΣ֮ǰҲһΣͳƽˡ
治ףܼγôˣΪʲô
ķѾˣܼγϻ֡
ף˵үʲô뷨ֱӸ˵ǾͲҪˣҲʡʱ䡣
ܼγϵͷĹһ䣺Ϊˡ
ף˵ʲô
ͷʹ
ܼγϼû壬ɴƹˤɤڴϺ˵ˣҴ㣡
ףԭء
ɵһôܻ˵
ǣܼγԼ뷨
ܼγĵ׵ĻѾ˳ڴҶǣҲɴѧƹˤ
ܼγϽʵˣ˵ôɡû㣬Է㡣
ȻܼγϺȻ֣˹ȻһѧƹˤͻȻʡ
ڣѾû߳ˣѾܿף覵۾˵˵ˡ
-

280¸绹ǰ

ףؿܼγϸղ˵Ļˡ
ˣϲ
ڲܼγϵ˼Ľȴûκθо
仰˵ϲˡ
ղŵĻ˵ģһῪĵǻС¹ײ
ף覿Ųܼγ˵鷳תһˡ
ܼγһ㶣ڴôˣף覾͸ôʾǾܾ
ԣǾܾ
ܼγϲܾ°Ͱ˵
ûбôֱ˵ؾܾһ˿ء
Ҿûʲô˵ˡ
ѾԼ̬ȣܼγϻҪǿȥĻҲֹġ
ѵſһӣдϲܼγ빷Ȼǲܵġ
ܼγϸף覣˵Ʋôɾ
ף覲ӣֱ˵˵ΪҶûио
ûиоԲйǣ
ⲻԲܼγһ˺˵ǲ̵ġ
ܼγЦǣУǰɡ
ף覶ֳܲصͷԡ
ϲȫһϲ
ܼγǣվʵô֪ǰǶأһһؽ磬ֲͬҲ˵
֮ǰͲף覺顣
ʶĺܾˣԼײƻ֮ĸ顣
Ů˶ԼǻöԼݵĸ֪ͬԼϲһ
ף覵һͷŲܼγϣ˵ʲô
ܼγʵͰķֵһ㣬˶һ㣿
ףƶ˵ȻˣǾҪˣ
ĸ磬ߣػߣӹɵġ
Ҳͬһ룬ˡһֱһ
˭ĵ׵Ķ塣
ܼγˣûǣȥһ仰ף覡
ҲԼƭˡ
õĸ飬öԸĸ飬ֲǲףΪֻ֪Ů֮
ܼγϵĻһʯӣף覵ĵ׼һ
֮䣬еľֻ
ףջûȥ⣬ΪԺбҪȥˡ
ף覻صȥ
ڵͣûʲô
ڵҲûʲôˣףֱ˽ȥǰ
鶼ˡ˵
̧ͷַ˶ٹ򣿡
ùĵ⡣ף˵ܺԼˡ
ͷ˵覣ǲرûá
ҲףйʣĹͷֱǸͷ˶۸
ÿ뷴ʱͻݺݵظѡ
СʱүүĹӣȭͷ
ף̾һ˵ʵͦûõġҲĴϾǰҰ㣬Ϊ㻹оȣ̫ҪһֱӣҶ۸ˡ
Ů˵Ĺͷ̫ͻᱻ˲סıԺܽĵ
ף˵һͱˣǵΪʲôɡ
ֻΪ˻ȥ
Ҫĸˡ
ף뿪ԺֽСС
ܵ˵ССεɵĲǰͨ籨ţף覻ͦġ
һʷı꣬Ȼʵһֱһ𣿡
СǮЦûǮ˾͸¡
ͷɶıһ·еˡǸУΪǮô
ףʵԺҪʲô𣿡
Сҡҡͷ⻹ûС
ľһʱһʱ˭ôడ
ףŤͷСʵأʲô㣿
С˵ǮԺ飬Ժ˵
ףʵô
˶һ㶣Сʵʲô˼
ף˵ȻûԺҪʲôôҲû¡ҿǰµǲģûµʱǾͰȣʲôģǮǵġرҪǰʱ򣬹Ǯӡ
ôһʺܻ
Сʵرǡ
ף˵顣
Ȼб˺Ҫ
СٳԺף覾ã̫ҪһʱعעЩ޼Ķˡ
ȻСʲôʱָ۶ӣԼʤ
ССһۣƺԥ
ף覶ʹ˸ؾʹӿڴͳһǮݵǰµĹǮ
С϶ʱ¶һƬϲɫһͷ
ãǸɣ
ףЦЦԺǵĹ˵ԼûйˣǾҵˡ
-

281²ТŮҹ

ɹԺף覾ȥ̼ҡжˣԼҪ̼ҵȺ̸̸ˡ
С岻ῪСѵķ̡
̼ҵСͼǰףʱһֻͷ԰ĻѾлĲˡ
³ԺС嶼һ¡
ôϴĵطôףСҲˣ
СյС˵ҸоףС̼ҵĹϵ򵥣˵̼һβǹŪףСİɣ
С˵˳ǡ
˽ף覣ֱ̼ҵԺ
ףԺһӰ͵̫̫һ԰ŻõĴ޼Ĺֲ
ףߵͣͣȻͷǷ̫̫
Сһ㶣̣
̼ңѵףСļң϶һ
̫̫һۣʲôҲû˵޼ݣȻǲм𻰵ġ
̫̫һʲôģǸ͵ıظŮҲΪıأſף覱̼ҵ硣ôŮΥԼĸ׺үүԼҰأ
覸ʱͦϲ覣û뵽Լˡ
Ů˶˽°ܻŮˣһ
̫̫ף覣ףҲ̫̫ģʽҲͲ
мˡ
Ů˵һӣô͸ñ˸Ȧ
̫̫ҲֻһƬ԰˰ɣ߳Ƭ԰ӣ¶Ҫŵ
˿ֻǶݵĲʵѾΪ˼벻ͬһν
˿ף覾ɳ
Բڣף覣ȵôˣ
Ů˲̼ô
ףһ֧Դ˵Ȼǲ־ӡ
Բһۣ񾭲
ףʵأ
Բһ㶣ķ˰ɣѾֱӽԼס֡ˣѵҲ֣
Բ˵ֺүүȥԺȲˡ
ףԺȥ
ף뿪ǰԲؿ˿һ·ǿûм¿·Ҳá
ף覴·ÿ
ԲʱЩᣬ뿪̼Ժӵǹò
ףԺԺȲ衣
һԺӵĽƣ˸ɳȱ̫࣬ףһĻеܰء
ף観߹ȥĽŲһعͷ
ڿһ˲䣬ɫͳ
ǸŮ֮䣬ûкúõദ
ʲôѾˣҹȥ
Ƕô
Сһ㶣ؿ
ףСʲôˣҪô׵
ףȴѾϰ̸ŭһ¶ϵͷ˵Ƕλİ취Ҳмء
һԵһڵĲ裬Щ˵²ֻҪ취þУΪ֮СѾͷеѧʱء
Ըף覣Ȼõġ
֮ǰЩЦֵ
ףŤͷЦòΪһܶԸҰɣĿʲôʱôǳˣ
һ㶣ĲĿ
Ѿˡף覵ͷŽűߵһƬҶ˵ҪԺ󾡹ʹҸڱһ֣Ͳ֡Ҫ̲̼ҵ⣬ҹŻүү
˵Ժת뿪̼ҡ
мߣԲѣ
Ūһʳ֣ƾЩ⣬Ū̼ң̵ֱ̼ǳ룡
ߵǰŮ仰ȴת˵һֱſЦӦûûȥҵ·ɣܿҪһ۳ˡ
㵵ؿڹҵ·ԭѾһ۳ˣ̼ҵ⡣
̼룬Ǵ۳ġ
Ǹٿһ۳Ʊػв̼ҡ
ף覶˶٣¶һĨЦݣǳҿģѾҺˡҼǵ̼ǰǿⷢҵģʵʱҪλȥΪ۳ָһ
Ŀ˵Ƴɹŭү֮ǰͲãڸؿֱٲȻҪˡ
״ץϵĲ豭ף覵Ľűˤ
ТŮҹ
豭ף覽űˤϡ飬ˮЬӣȴ¶˵Ц
ԭѽ
̼ҷֱ
ɲҪ̫;ûء
ı£Ȼǲװ̼ҴӱˣҪ̼Լɢˣٻǣ׾ٵô
ף覴߳˺ԺݵıӰͦñֱ
Сһ˲䶼Щţ⾹ȻһŮеɣǣ̫ţˣ
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282

ߵԺףһμ̫̫
߹̫̫ߵʱǸһֱ޼ݵϸȴͻȻ˵Ů˾͸иŮ˵ӣӣظŮ˸飡
ףһ㶣û뵽Ĭһ̫̫ʱ
ףͣ½ŲЦЦôһڣҾء
̫̫һۣ˽°ܻʲôɼʵģ
ף覴ǰû֣ԭ̫̫죬Ҳĺܡ
ףǰһϲȦһСС԰һӣҲԣҲԼѡ񡣿ʲôʸأ
Ҫ˶һظ綼ˣ
ף覰㲻ʾ˵ǿԼıǮԷһֻܸԼɷͶӶ˲赹ˮ
һүûǮû˵λô
̫̫ᣬ̼ҾǰܣҲԲŮϣ
ףЦЦͺүһſɡ
֪ҶءܻԼİ취֤˭Ǹ
ף覵İ취åǺܹõģжĥԴ˺˰һԺȻûֹ
֮һ˰µ̫ƽӣһж˳˳ģ˳ССҪΪҪʧҵˡ
׮飬Ժ󣬻⡣
̼ʱɾͲô˳ˡ
ף覺˸Ժȥҵ·һôһȻ½һ۳ۻѾʼװˡ
ֻֽ֪һ۳һҶ
ҪǸˣԺһܴܵӰ졣
ڶټ̼ҵļĳԸף覵顣
˭֪һȴûʲôõķӣʹǰһֻŵȷֺǮҪֵ֧ĺ
׻˵˫С
Ϊ۳ŵʱɽǼ̼Ҽҵĺ󱲵澭Ӫ״֪ΪҵѾչ˷׷˵ĵزʱǱһٺ
ף̼ңֱϣˮ
ô̼ҵЩ󱲣һףأ
ѵôļҵҪףǸëûСѾͷƬӸŪ岻ɣ
Ϊ˲ף覵۳ɣĺԺŻڵڹ˼˵ġ
һΣɲֻСԸ
УѪ
Դһף覺̸СٵԺСپҲûףǰֹ
ףСٵ飬֪Сٺ극ĵڶͻȥˣƺСٵĸ˵£СҲǴҴҸϻȥģûи
һ飬ף覵ŪˣǾСΪʲôô޼ɵԼǰҫ
յʱ򣬻˲ٿġ
ӵײһӣòһǮɫȴƭˣһҹֻ֮ص˽ǰ
ʱСٵĴ֧֣ɽʱ˲鷳¸Ϊ׸顣
˵Ķˡ
ǳ֮⣬Ƿģ˽顣
·ԺҲ˲˵档
Щ˾Ԥѵͷԣһͽһ֣·
һԷԼûпµó
ؾ˴
ԺҲվˡ
ϵڣǲܺ˺ġ
С֮ǰôҲΪǷ顣
ѻģծ
ף֪ԺҲͶСûô黳ˡ
ֻҪСԺɧƻǵĹϵԼܽôһĶ˵õĴڵġ
˵ףʱʲô̫˵ĻǾǲܼγϴ˿ȬԺ󣬾Qĸڿˡ
˵˵档
ܼγҵٰʮֳˡˡÿλššͰ͵ġ
ףԭΪܼγһʱͺˣҲ
˭֪ܼγϾȻ¼ˣһµͷףһȺͷ
֪һ죬ܼγһҾ¥
˸̸⣬·ˡ
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283¸Ƕ

ʱ̸¥ܼγҪȥ¥Ҫˡ
ſײȻ˭Ҳû˭·ߣǿԷǺܲƵġ
ñȲܼγԸô֣Ųܼγϣ˽ӵʱǿ΢΢ġ
ôһ͸ܼγһڱԼĸо
ǲǴڱ
ǲ֪ܼγʱĶ֪ܼγû¾ܵȥòף覣Ƕף˦
ܼγϿͻף覺ԥؾܾԼȻԼϲʵ
һʤĵܹЩ
ԼҪߣܼγ˵үףСĸ鲻
˫ֲڿڴĿƳһۣʣ
ܼγϵƤ
ģ˵ˡ
ܵȥҲûֵף覵ĻģϳΣ˵Ǽٵġ
ûУǺ棬үף覵ĸôã֮䵽֮һ㣬ǰһ㡣
ѹף֮ʲô飬Ľġ
ܼγһҭ˵һ쵽ؽ磬ѵͲӦĻţĸŮ˻Լϲ˸أ
΢
ܼγϼ˵ŮҪϲһˣԤ֣ôŶýˣϹһĳƺɣһ쵽ؽ磬ô֪ĵ׵ʲô
ûǸ۲۵Сˡ
ǻĺܡ
ףǱߵò˺ãһͨڹˣĵ׾ͻ⡣
ϣڣΪ鲻ôϲףˣףˣ˵ͻͶԼĻˡ
Ȼеɵһأ
һĬ
ţͻȻЦ
ܼγϣڶѾ¶û޵𣿡Ĳܼγϵļ򣬡ϧˣҶ¶ĺãҲ뵽ġҵҶںοǵأ
ֻҪܰҹյ֣ΪûʲôԵġ
ܼγϾȻҪְ취ŭЦ
ܼγϣ
ȻҪ
ֶں˵˻
Ӳܼγ߹ȥ˵߰ɣȥ¶ϴ˵ǵ㣬ѾλˣĿġ
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Ͳһֱ
վѵүˣѾȺܾˣǻȽȥɡ
ܼγһӵĻûط并µʲôߣһ¾ܴ߳
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үָǲܼγװ֡
ܼγüת˾¥
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ܼγ߽õİ䣬ͼԼϵ
֣úǷĲߣǾԹ֣ʱ򣬾һһ
ܼγһòΪ̳ģ
ܼγŤͷڲ߻һȹӵŮˣŮӣõǲ
Ů˲ǸɬģҲ󵨵ش
ܼγ϶ѾϰΪˣ־ͶԲ˵ֵ̣úãףӣϲˡ
һǰտĺþܼγã뵽Լ߻һŮˣסˡ
˵ʲôأ£ʹسһ䡣
ܼγӣɵʶ࣬ȥܼγϵ˱ˮ
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ȻŤͷȥҶӢһǷЦ˵ӢӢҶӣγϡȻ˵㣬Ӻõĺܣܲġ
ܼγ϶ȥˣ־Ҫǵһͷߣ־Ȼúܲ
е˰ɡ
ܼγ˵ʲô鰡ܲܿ˵һҪæ
̬Ⱥܲ⣬ʲôҪæģ
ܼγûлش
ȴǣҪæȥǰ
˵ףȥǶôҪȥ磬㲻ûܺףżһ£ǵĳ㰮Ƕôһ¡
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ܼγĶף覣˼Ĳɵشһ䣬㡣
ֺǺǵ⣺ҺҶˣͲֶ࣬ǾʶҲˣ͸Ƕס
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284¶Ż

ףôˣҪҪòòҲϱָͻȻŪôһ
ܼγʵ֣أ
ܴүҲСˣôôһһģͻȻŮˡҲ˼
˵ʲôأôҪĴ£ϸǹģ
Сӣûһõı֣ˡ涼֪Ҫ棡
ҲףܼγϿҶӢһۣһܵ˵Ѿϲˣ顣
ƾʲôԼϲĹһ͵ҸŮؾͽˣ
ողűӹأٰȥˡ
Ҫ˲ͷӵĻԺôġ֮ȥף覰ǵð¶ͻ˲ɡ
ȻǲԼӵĻģϲĶأôûؼ
ܼγ̼ˣ֣ɱ˵˼ؼЩŮŮһ
һ㶣٣ӻΪŮ˼۵ʱ
⻹ûʲôأֻһ䣬ܼγϾôǰɲ
ҶӢˣ϶Ҳ˼Ұһˣ
˵ǸôҲӢӢ϶ǲġȺӢӢúôѣ֪ӢӢĺˡ
ʲôѽãԼ֪ܲ
ȥף覵ǧٹ֣Ҳ֪Լף覵˼ġ
ϲףŮˣǰҶӢһȤҲûУͷʲôء
ܼγϾˮƵҶӢͷϣӸϾԼϵ˼˵֣ҲżǣôҶӢ˼˼ҸûĳСӡ
ôƦϲ͹ˡ
ҶӢһۣ¶һĨЦݡ
ܼγһ㶣ֲõԤС
ϷʵӢӢǼγô
ҶӢͷЦϲġ
ϲġ
ܼγⱲûϲô
ʱɴ˫ۿŮëɣ
һֺǺǵЦ㿴ӢӢϲģ
Ƕõ鰡
ܼγվ˵ǲŵһμϲң֪Ҷȥݸһ̴ܣ
ܼγΪչʾԼĶӣҶӢ棬·㿴ϴδܱͱĵӣ˿ڶûءҿɲǺˣҪ۾
ҶӢŲܼγϣһᣬ˵ʱǺģǽ˻ͺˡԽ棬˻ԺԽؼҡܵˣҲᱣԼŮˣҲá
ܼγϣƭġ
ܼγܽģŮǸϡ˵ͨ
Ů˿ЩŶԣôҶӢô
˵ͨܣߣҶӢ׷ȥʵγϸ磬ǲǾҲƯܵϱ
Ůôôأ
ܼγϻͷһۣԣûϲŮƯ˵󷽵壬Ǹ׼Ĵҹ㣬Цģ˵жÿˣĶˡ
ҶӢ۾˺죬ί
ǲܼγϲŲϧⲻԼҪʵ
ͳʵشѽ
ܼγ˵꣬ҡڵ뿪˰ᡣ
˲һۣæ˲ܼγϡ
ڳǰֿҶӢһۣȻҶӢ۵׿һĨݾ
һ㶣ǲˣ
һҶӢίίվڰ۾ģˡ
ܼγۿҪûӰˣæ׷ȥûٹ
ܼγ뿪Ժⳡ׻ʽƲ
ҶӢҲûٴԲ˵˼׻Ժ󣬾뿪ˡ
ڷſڣһҶҵҶӢ̧־ͽİ˦Ǹϣﻹиղŵᡣ
˿ĲУʵС㣬ôˣ
ҶӢߵ˵ȥҲܼγĶܣŪϲŮ˭ȻҵĻ£Ǻ˲ãǸŮˣȻҵ·ǵøɫɣ
õǸ̶ˣܼγϾȻ˦ߡ浱Ҷǳصģ
ЦŷҶӢ˳С㣬СһҪŶĺӿɾͲˡ
ҶӢһ㶣̧һԼڻƽ̹Ķӡ
·ݻСУ⡣ǵȵ·ݴˣסˡ
㶨С
ܼγϲǸŮˣǵþɣ
ûǸµļһͲ²ܼγϲȢԼ
ŻŲͲܼγ˼ҽסǸܼγϣΪԼ̲ˡ
ͲܼγһˣĺӾиˡ
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285»

⼸ףһпվʹССҵ·ܡ
۳ҪˣкܶҪ
Щ´鷳Ǻͻйص飬ԴֲУʱ䶼Щæ
ദʱ䣬Ҳ˳ڽССˣʵף覴Щκǵ̫ˣôҲ˳ˡ
Ϊ˰۳飬ףҲͰ⽻һ
б£ĹһֱǾġףܾôеѹեˡ
Ը֣ܵԼصĺá
ףһֱŹʱ䣬۳ʽҵˣ͸غúõطŸ٣˳Զٷ
ʱеæڼԷʱҲǻӵһ绰
ףû͵绰ϰߣżһƮҲǻԼܿȥ
ܴжϳӦʲô顣˸ҪæȻסһ£ǽЩ
죬ǾһԷĴҲָˡ
ڼҲ˯úмҲܼŷﻹ͸⡣
ֱһϣף˵ҪһˣܻǱߴһʱ䡣
ף覵ʱ׼˵ͣڿӵһ٣ʵҪȥã
¸һǸرӡ
ܼʱ
˵е㼬֣ʱȷҰߣʲô飬Դ绰ҡ
ף覵ͷ˵鼬ֵĻͰߺˣҲ첻ʲô¡ǸߣôЩ
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صڶⳡһȽðյ飬ҲϣΪԼ̫ʩչԼֽš
ңҲҪ
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¶úõصһᾡġ
ܳų˵Ĵԣףص˵ͷ
жܿ죬һ磬ˡȻף覷ˣȻ˱ǡ
ף覣̼ҵ˶Ĳܼγϡ
ܼγҪǳʲôѺָˡ
뿪ʱǸߵġ
ǰʵүҪԻ
үǲ̫ˣ
˵ǺҪĶԣǺܲһġȻˣͲֻܴҪһһҲֵá¶ʱҪˡ
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̾һת˳
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ף覵ͷһۣפ̻ĺͬ
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ףһӱش£ܲĵǩıʴһĸ첲
㻰࣬ô˵ô鰡
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Ŀɿôеأ
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㲻ǿף観ģŮǶЩ˽ġ
Щ観Խ˶ﶼǸ˼⣬ȥף׵˴ûٹҲ١
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ڵǸ뿪˺ܾõĸô
ǰʱ䣬ܼγϸ˵һЩף˵
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ܼγûûˣ
һ뵽;ķĺܣ
ףҡҡͷǣһңûԼĸ飬ҵǰ磬ˡ
ʵԼģ㲻֪𣿡
ף覵ͷ˵֪ѽҲ֪ġǰ˵ģǲڰҵأ
ܼγһĻɵӰ죬ĶλҡԼĵ׵ĵλ
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ͻȻȥĵȴͻȻ֮
ֻǰԼãСٺĳϣǲƵأ
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286½

ףʱǲŵġ
ʱĳ谮˲ԼλĻþ
ǸԹҵţĦģҲԸȥ˵۹⿴
صɫ˳
ף⣬ȷǲûش
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̾һ
ףʵҲ𣿡
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ףһ㶣ô֪أ
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˵ÿο񣬲Ƕõּ򵥳硣˶ԼϲŮ˲еĳ谮
Ϊ񣬾ͺǰʱһġ
ܼγϣȴҲŲܼγϡ
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һȴּʲܼγܹ֪ףѾ˶׶Ժ󣬻ô¸ҵһһεĸԸڡ
ܡ
ӽҲֻԱ塣
ÿһνӽҲֻףǸĹġ
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ܼγܹĿŵضף˵ԼϲҲܡ
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覣ϲġٴ˵ܻϲǺܲ׵顣ǵļƥ䣬ûвɿԽĽ׼蹵Ѿˡϲʹ󵨵ȥ
ΪһĬĬŵذҲȻķˣܸĵȰ档
ϣȥȶ󵨵ȥ
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ףϵȥЦû뵽˵ôһмصĻͺҲܰһһ
һ㶣ΣףǳЦ˵йһϲء
Ů˵İף覵ǰЩһ˫۾εؿأ˭Ұ׷
ЦԼ鶼ûãңƭģ
ϵļݺͬǩˣҺû˼ҵĻ
ף覷ҳͬ˲һ£˵Ҫ̻еѽ
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ܴһֵ棬ûȫȥ
ףҲҪһЩطǵ̻פġ
ףʵ˲ˣǿ׵̻𣿴ǰûй⣬߱ʲôʷʲôģ
ǺҪģЩҪפ̻Բ⣬ں˲鷽棬һҪ
˵ˣ⼸̻ĵǸɾġǽ
ף覵˵ͷһġ
ļǩԼ֣ļݸʣµ飬鷳ȥˡ
ؾļЦİɣһԽԼõġ
ף˵ȹҵ·۳ãˣ͸ż٣
ػͷʵн𣿡
ż飬ֻднݼٲܻ˫Ŀ֡
ף覺
΢΢һЦ߳˰칫ҡ
һС˽
ףС㣬ˣʱȥվˡ
ף覿һϵıĵʱ仹졣
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ϴЦݣ˵߰ɡ
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287۳

ףվˡ
طԶ֣ӽĻ𳵸սվҾһѷӵȥŽԼҪˡ
ף覿ڳߣվȡ
ȵ˶ߵĲˣ˼
һŴӻվ߳һˡ
·̫ܵ񶼴żֺһ˫۾Ĵţƺʲôˡ
ĵˡ
ףһĨЦݣ֣
ΰһ飬Ťͷף覡
һ˫ϸĸ߸Ь˫ֱȻشССΰ˹ȥ
һ·Ļ𳵣𣿡
ΰҡҡͷףС˵Цˣۡ
ףʵϵ˶𣿡
ΰ˵õĲˣѾɻˡ
ףЦЦСʹ˸
СȥΰŵĶᵽϣΰæл
ף˵۳ܴõĶѾˣ͵ء֮Ҫæÿ̩۳ԽԽáף覶˶٣ֲһ䣺۳
ΰƺЩϰƺ
Ȼ̧ͷֿһĨЦ
ף˳Ϊף覵ĽǺܶ࣬ף覵ֶҲҲʵ
ںףһǻԾִ١
ףС㣬Ҫһ¿ĳӽ𣿡ΰԥʵ
ף覿˵˶ˣ㻹𣿡
ΰŵһֱʶġȥ۳ĵһ죬ע⵽ˡ
̩۳飬ڰˣҲһֱɫһʵĳѡֻ֮ǰΰŸˣ³־һֱźӳ죬ҲһֱԥҪҪˡ
һں۳ܲؾԼҪĻرʱ¶˾ġ
ȻͳɹذΰŴӺ۳ڹˡ
ں۳˳͸Ҳû˹ܣ͹ڽļһ³ְ
εͦϵġ֮ҪļΪ˱úӳץסԼһݵİѱ
һˣԼǵĿ̩۳Ҳ˸ˣ˵ȫ
ȻҲӺ۳˵˽ġ
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Ǻ뵽³־ߺͺӳԴԼ¶˾ģף覸ˡ
ף˵̩רŵԱᣬ㲻õԺס⡣Ϊرһѿ̩5%Ĺɷݽ㡣̩۳ҽ㣬Ҳ㣬ϣ㲻Ҫʧ
ΰųһɷֶЩдǮ˲Ÿ̸Ķ붼û
ףС㾹ȻҪ5%Ĺɷݽ
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ΰԽΪ5%ĺȥŬֵĴͷǮԽࡣ
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ףһ˵̼ǵͷǻ᲻ϵ취ƻǵ⣬ԲҪСԼܵӰ졣
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288ϲǸ

Сⷬͷһۡ
ЩףС̼ҵΪʲôֵһĵزأ
ףСĻó̼ҵĵж
̼ҵƺûһˡ
ԽԽףС̼˵ĹϵˣѪףСƺѾǼ˶ı׼
ǵʲô˲ǡˡ
ףֱӴΰȥ˿̩۳³ʱü۳Ѳ´
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Ȼף˹ȥִ̧˸к覣þò
ף覵˵ͷ
´ͷЩʧ˵ڡҲˡ̼ҵȷģ̼˶͸ˡ
ף룬򴽽һ塣
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´ЦЦһļ򣺡Ŷԡôˣ嶼ǰ㵱һ˵ģҪͶ⡣
Сͣ´ϣ´Ȼûע⵽һ㣬һ۸ףߵΰʵλǣ
ף˵¹ĳôһ۳һҲҪиæ
´鵹ûж⣬ףǳӶ濪һ۳飬Ѿ֪ˡ
ԽԽбˣССͣԼ쳧ˡ
֣´֪ףԺǺ̼ҾĹϵ̼ҵ棬´ȻҲһ㶼ף覱е⡣
ף룬Ȼʵ壬ϲǸ𣿡
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ôõĸ³־һ㶼£ЩҲһֱġ
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Ѿף覺ܾˡ
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۵ٱ۸ߣǿ϶̲ô
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ΰʵǵڶʲô
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һֳɵĳԵģ㲥ĺãҺ˿ܻԳԿ
ǴܲΪһµۣΪ涼ȥһۻؼԿòó԰ɣ
ΰҲ˳˼ǰĴǳ飬Ƶ飬治óġ
ʱף˵ֻҪܽСԭϵ͹ˣģһ취
һҪкã϶Ҫ˾ְ
ǿ̩ϰ壬黹ǵýԼ
-

289¹

תѾȥ졣
յĵһ죬͸ף覴˸绰ƽǳ֮⣬⼸춼ûϵ
ΰڿ̩۳ԱסĴСʱȥʲôҪߵ飬Լ
һף覵ɢһЩ
һɢף覾ͷԼˡ
̫ɹ÷ơ
ףǸͷ۵Σʱ˶ûɵġ
ףڴߣŽֵ龰ȴҲûΪԼ˺ܶǮеġ
ְ֮ǰ뿪ô궼ᶨصˡǲһãȻΪ뿪;ûٵȥˡ
ȥ뿴ʲôӵġ
ʱԭô˾
ֻڵһ˵ʱ򣬲űø
ף覣
ף¡覡
ף¡覡
ףһ͵ػع
Ťͷһܼγվڴϳ֡
ף覼ҴҵܵϣעĿĲܼγһʵϹʲôѵҪ𣿡
ôһ£ѴҶˣ
ܼγһǣЦеض˵ϵ˶õĲˡ
ףһ㶣йϵҵĴϹлйϵ𣿡
ܼγýϵĺƤЬߵذ壬ͷʵ㿴ҵҲˣ֮ǰҲûл㣬㣬ҪҪǼҳԸ
ԡ
ף覾ܾԺת¥ȥ
ܼγϾë
Ǽʲô⣬ʲô⣿
ȥһ⣬ȥԷǲñ
ܼγżܵøһᱨ
ף˵˵ܶˣȹңҲȹ㣬Ƿ
ܼγ϶˵һ㲻ȥҽԺǱɵġһҲ㣬Ҳһᱻײϸ˵һǷôһġ
ףΪڶķܼγôԼǰε͸ˡ
ʵ㵽Ҫڵʲôʱ򣿡
ܼγ˵⡣
ڵԼͰܣôˣ
ףʵܼγϣǶ׵Ůˣ㲻Щܳ𣿡
֪ܼγ˵ֲǺˣͷһиأҪҪʶһ£
ףһҭôԳˡ
Ĵ֣ףһҲͲܼγ϶ת߽¥
ܼγϸȥ˵ף覣һԷҳԶٷһһ飬˵Ҿͻ¶ִˡ
ףһ㶣ͷɻؿŲܼγϡ
ܼγ˵˺ܾãҶȤΪһֱܾ𣿲ʲô룬ĻشǲǣҪˡҲʲôʱӦһҵ룬Ҿ;Ҳûôرˡ
ף覵ıù
ɣôòǺ˵
ܼγĵ˵˵ĲʵǺеġΪòĲŸҪ𣿡
ףһʱЩµ˵ЩоԾĵطȴһʱ˵
ףһү
ܼγִŵ˵ԷͺһԶٷɡ
ÿֻܺܶݵļףһ棬ÿȲض㿪Լ˵ٵĿ
ֻһԶٷѡֻô򵥡
ףʵҴӦһٷܲ𣿳׵Լĸ飬ΪȤҡ
ܼγһ㶣̧ͷף覣⻰ǡ
ġ
ŮˣֻڶԴʱ򣬲
ֻܿǳǳЦţ˵ģ
Σܼγ˵ء
ף観ĬƬ̣΢΢ͷҪ˵ʱͻȻԶ˹
覣
ף覿ͷǺӣȵôˣôż
˲Ĳܼγһԣףŵ˵ˣҹȥ
ߵüף覼ҪСܸܲϣôˣ
ر߱˵ǰ¿ŵӳˡ
ףһ㶣µĲҲſ˼֡
ӿӳ£϶ҲҪӰ졣
ܼγһ㶣˵˵ףԤӦԼеһٷ
˱ʣؾͰ˴ˣ
Ҳ̫Լ˰ɣ
ôôɨأǰİɣ
ܼγ׷ȥ˵ף覣㵽״ӦӦôˣһϹ°
ף覻ͷһۣܼγϣȻȥɡеҪԺ˵
ܼγϵüͷ壬˼Ƭ̺Ǹȥ
-

290µۿ

ȥ·ϣذĴžף覽һ顣
ǰǩ˼µ̻ЩҲСԣûʲôرġ
ǽµһ̻ǰǩºͬһǱ۵̻
ڽ磬ڵԺ󣬲Сʱһˣ˵ǼӵĶɾǳԻ˶ӣҪӵϰ⡣
ûгֹ⡣
Ϊʲô̻ǩͬפǰǶǿ⣬Բֵġ
Ǳ۵ϰҲһҧԼı⣬˵һǹ¡
˫˾Ǹִһʣ˭Ҳ˵׵ʱҪǼôȥûҲܴ
ףһͼӿ̸ȥĲ
ڣɾԲֳ⡣
ǰ¾ֳ˵һãҪǵ̻ıʡ
ǲڱǵĵλҲ¾ֳԼļЧ
ԭһ˫Ӯ飬ף覻Ҫôڳ¾ֳʱ򣬰ŪøһЩء
ڹϳ£ǲǻǴ˳¾ֳԺڳ¾ֳǰͱҪкˡ
ףµ棬Զȱֵˣ˫˲̶һʱ䣬ѾһȺϷΧˡ
ף覿Ⱥ˶ͷۣЩԵڣòŵȵǳµϢҪ̼Щ˵Ķˡ
һſЦء
ף覴Ⱥ⼷ȥһá
˴ʶף覣ͷĴϰˣҷ׷˿ףóһ
ף߽ʵ˭̻ϰ壿
һݺһվ˳ǣǣ
ĹǼȻͦߣʵ̫ݣȻһֺĸо
صѵи߽ϡ
ܼγһ֣ͻȻһЦУȡùİ
ף覻ͷصһۡ
ȥôʲô翴֣
ЦʱôһĶڽڹ
ܼγϱף覵һۣЦݡǴʱǣȻԿܴЦ㡣
Ǹ߽ϱˣҲǱȡЦĶҲΪܣܼγЦûû˰ĵͷ
ﻹˣǱһӵûطһؿף覡
ףʵǾǳԻӵˣ
һ˵ԣ˭
ף˵ˣһϣֹҹܡ
һһһ˵ԭǸ˲Ĵϰ尡
ףһ㶣⻰ôôԾ
Ťͷ߽ϣûô£߽Ͼһ˵ԣǴϰ壬ˣǻôҵǮ
⻰߽ٲȻף覵ԼˣĿɽ
һʱͲվһҪɼܵӣ˭Ǯˣ˭ˣǾĵԻӵģ
߽˵ǾǮģ˶ˣû⣬ôǳԻ˶ӣ
ԻӵĹ˿ͷǰû⣬ѵһӶ⣿Ҹ˵ҪǲǮǸ£
߽Ͽ˿ף覣һ̵ӣ˵Ǵϰ屳ǿĺܣŵһ죬üǵĴٶˣΪǴϰ𣿺ұ׼ǳԲ˶ߣ
ףԽ⻰ԽòԾ
ֻ˵ᱻ˵ˡ
߽ĲӰ벻ˣ
ȻԷһ⻰˵ôۿǲǣһұ۵꣬Ҫڱֻˣ»зأСӱҪǲ飬ɾͱǸˣ
߽ϿȻֻݺƢȴ̣һţȻȻҿϹģ
ףڱ߽ϵƵĿȥˣȻʲôúЭ̽ˣǵð˶̵Цôһ֣㲻⣬ѵҲ𣿡
߽Ͽһۣط˸ոհںõơ
ףֿµһۣǶװȻʲôӣӦҲġ
ף˵λҲӦǸˡôһ֣ͨӦҲڿˣ絽ҵ¥ȥһ衣
˶һۣף覵͵ͷӦС
߽һ㶣ף˵Ǯģһپ¶ˣǺʲô谡
ף覶΢΢һЦҲ
-

291¿ǲ̫

߽ô󣬻ǵһαһô𾴵ؽСﻹǵĴϰ塣
߽ͻȻоԼҲǱӵˣ˶ͦøֱˡ
Ҳûж룬˵ͷ̸ף覡
ף˵κ飬öܴ»СС»ˡڳ£ȻõĴȥ
˴ذ칫ȥ˭ʲô뷨˭Ҫͨõʲô
һ˵ʲôҲᱻѱ
ҪٰѸ߽ֻỵá
ܼγϿűףȰļˣף覵ִֶǰе͡
ʱܼγϷף覻ͷʹ˸ڽյԺ󣬾˵ûиһ뿪
ܼγ϶ǲ˽⣬Ҳʲô˼ܸоǸ岻򵥡
ŮֻʲôС
ܼγԭҪصҪʲôֲѵõĺף覴һĻᣬԥһԺ󣬻ǸףԤô顣
ֻҪף覣Ūȥʲô˵ġ
ף覾ȻЩ˺Ȳ裬ûкȹ裡ȥһȣף覿ⱲӶȲġ
뵽ܼγƨƨߵظȥ
һṷ˵ߡ
ף覿ǸСå;ͦͷ۵Դڸˡ
ܼγһû¿Ըܸ߻ƻûûˣ
˿ͺ͸߽϶˰칫¥¥ȥף覾תԲܼγ˵үҪĻ鷳뿪һ𣿡
ܼγЦģǲ̫㡣
ף覾ܾܾĶˣͷһαܼγϾܾȻЩ⡣
ʵΪʲô
ܼγ˵Ҳˣ˳ȥȿڲ裬ģҲµġ
ܼγ˵꣬ףͬ⣬ʹ߹¥
ٺ٣Ȳ迩
ףԭҪֹܼγϣһ뵽¥ϰ칫ﻹڵ־Լû˷Ǹʱˡ
ܼγôѲԸɵ÷ѵ㹦
ʱ¥ϵĹ˿ҪǵȲˣٷһͨƢý
ˣܼγҪȲһڲ衣
ףûٷԣҲ߽˶¥һר˵Ļҡ
˶Ѿڻܼγף֮ǰ˽ȥҲڲ輸˸û˵λԼ
ǺҲֵģſڲܼγϵĽűߡ
ҿܼγһүӣΪһӣף覵ĹϵԲһȲ衣
ڷһɾĲߣףҲ߹ȥ
ף˵࣬ŤͷԻһС˵Сպˮ
СӦһϲת¥ˡ
ףŶ˿ʵλմ
˷ֱ˵𡣡
˲ơ
˵£ҲƵġ
ף覲£Ӧͬһط
ף覼˵֮ǰͺ˵ԻĶ
˲ƿ˸߽һۣһˬ˵ǰ
߽ϵıƢˣʲôǣ
ףڰݷòߣһ߽սĻɫʱ
ףѵЭ̵ĵطǴܵĵطҪǾԼҪҲ룬ôھͺкȥ֮󲻹ǺͺһҲãǻǮǸҲãûϵǩĺͬҲھͻԼԺҪ̻ҵĵطȡ֣ȥ
ֻǷֲЦ仰ѣҲƢ
߽ϷҪ֣ԼأԻûӵ˴ֱ߳ȥժɾ
ʱǾǶһҲȫӰ첻ҪʲôͿԽ鷳
ַ˵ݵģ֮ûôѡ飬ֻΪ鷢
ΪˣҪڷʱάϽ̻档
߽һ㶣ף覷ʵˣôңҪأǺͬϲдţά̻𣿡
ͺ˲һ⻰üͷ
ǹȻһģ
ףȴ˵ֻά׵̻棬ûŪǰôϿ޹Ϊһ̻㣬ͿˡǳʳҾԱκһ˶⡣
߽һҭͻȻף覶µûġ
ԭף覺ͬдĻά̻һôᣬף覲û˵Ӯǰˡ
-

292ɢɢ

ף覶˫˵ĿǰԣǳôҲûһ齻˽ǰ֮ǰ˫ƽ͵Ļشҵ⡣𣿡
˲˵УֻҪ¶ףǼԺɶ¶ûС
߽ʱҲˣֻ΢΢صͷ
ĺף覺ᡣ
ǡˮպˣС˽
ף覰ڿһײߣӲҶﲦ˵Ҷӣ˵ҽһ£ҽף覣һƬضҹܡ
ף覿͵ĲܼγһۣóһӣҲŪ˵Ҷ
ܼγ϶ʱЦĶűԵͷʱˡ
˵ԭףС㡣
ף覵˵ͷﵹˮʱ硣
״ƲʵλǱǵ˰ɣ񡣡
˵ǣġ
ףЦЦҲǸˣðһ£λʲô⣿
˲˵ͨˮ⡣ǵʱ˵ǿһͺ˿Ǿͳһۣû뵽ͳԻˣ˵Ǹ
߽˵ô࣬⣬һɵȶȼˡ
üҪ˵Ƕף覵ѹȥ
ϰĺ«ʲôҩ
ף覿ʵλ֮ǰһҧǳ˱ԺֶӵģʶλڳԹҵıԺ󣬻ȥ˱ʲô𣿡
˵ûУͳһۡ
ף覼ʵǱʲôʱԵģ
ʻʱºͣǴЦһҲ˾÷УлܸһĴ
ûǴܼγϺܿ϶
Ϊף覵۵׿˺һĽƻ
˺ЩͷߣһЩֱܷġ
ףСһʲôеء
˲˵ԼĪһࡣ
ף覿һֱĵ㣬мСʱǶʲôˣ
˲˵ûʲôͻⷿ˯һ˯˾;öۣǻһҽԺ֪ǳԻˡǾͻ۵ϰ壬ϰȻˡ
ף˼ĵ˵ͷ
ûԱĶҲû飬ۣȷпǺǱɵġȻŤͷһߵĸ߽ϣʲô˵ģڿ˵ˡ
߽һ㶣ףôãͻȻ˵Ȼе㲻֪˵ʲô
û˵𣿡ףѵ
߽ϻع˵ȻУ
˳죬һҪչֵӡ
߽˵ǱѾüˣԹĺǱˣûһǧҲ٣Щһ¶ûУôֻǶۣ
ΪִͻЭܣ
ŲЩԩǮ
߽˵˵ǳԺ˭֪ûгԱĶǳˣҲԲˡƾʲô˵ҺǱ۵⣡
˲ƽضĻ˵ܳʲôǾͻˣ
ףζ˵Ǹ˵ҲԣǳǱԺ˭Ҳܱ֤ûԱĶ
һ㶣⻰ʲô˼ǿǮ
˶ñԭſһЩҲûôţҽҩѣٵǸ¶ˡǿǵӣǲ˰
ĸ첲׳һǸˣӣҲ֪ǲҪԼ˵סף覡
ܼγ̧ͷףһۣüͷ΢΢
Ů˵ôô
ôңҲһˡ
һŮܶԸЩҲ³ԿûԷѾӣҪ
ܼγʱؿһҵ߶˹ȥ
ֻܼγҲ⿪ϵĿӣѳȥ¶һĽ׳ֱۡ
ϸͻᷢЩ£̡
ܼγϻôЩ꣬Ҳȫƾֲı¡ԼҲǳȥܣӵģĵ̲ŸסһЩ
ܼγȴֵӸԼŷ磬Цᣬǽ̫ƣɢɢȣǱң
ףƳһۣôԵİʾԭᣬҪˡ
𿴵ܼγϵĵ̣ԭĿ񾢶һЩŵĺܿһ˫ȣҲԾա
ܼγ϶Ų裬Ǹ˵ͼ˵ú˵
ȻͷȲ裬Ĳж
µȴס۵׵𺡣
ǿɵúú˵ҪǸ۸ף覣Ͱ˵ȸˡ
ܼҸɼ¹˭
ף֪ܼγԼ΢΢һЦҲֻ˵һֿܶѡϾҲʿӸ˿ĶǲֻбۣԲԣ
⻰˵ףȰƽϢŭ𣬲˵ڿĸʵһ㡣
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293²үԼ취

Ťͷף覣ô˵ģ
ԭΪףǸ˵ˣû뵽ǸЦ滢
𱻳׼ŭվָף˵˵˵ʲôʿӿ˼ǣûʶӣǾͲǲǣ
ףЦЦĺƺûа⣺£λ˵Э̵ķ
˲ƿһۣĸ첲磬Ҫô
ﲻ˲ΣŰ¡
𣬺˲ƺҪһЩҲζղףʱҲشľӶࡣ
ף˵Ϊ֤λ뿪֮ûгԱĶܲ鷳λȥһǵݣ
ʵȥݸ
ܼγҲȻͬ⡣
ף˵λʱıǣ˺ǱҲûʲôټ˯һԺͻȻͶۣȥҽԺмʱôλӦûʱĶ
˵ô
ף̹˵Ҵ˹ȥһۣλûʲô岻õĳʳ֤λԼԴġҲû˻ԼǮǾζźпܵȷǱ۵⡣ʱḺ⳥λʧ
߽ϼԼıû⣬ףǾ˫޳ɵģԣȥݲһ֪ˡ
˵ûг߰Ķ˵׼أƾʲô˵ı۲á
ףһۣЩԥ˵ǵĵطҲȥǶ˵ʲô˽Ȩ𣿡
ף覶豭˴ð治ɫ˵⳥
˲ƾȵ
ף
ף˵˶λԭҪõҽҩѣٸλһʸο𡣾͵ıǸ⡣
߽ϴսףһ㣬ʵףС㣬᲻ᣬ̫һ㣿
ôá
ܸɾؽ飬ЩǮͻֵ
ף覷ʵ϶Լıû⣬ʲôأ
߽¶иһôⲻҲҪԷһǱ۵⣬ȥһ⳥
ô˵Ҫ̻ףС㣬ʵڿˣڿأ
ףŤͷŶͺ˲ͬʵλеöˣҲͬһμ򵥵Ĳ鿴ɣһˣ⳥ô
ȷǣ˵顣
ǲǮģף˵⳥˺Ķ
ܼγüףС껹ͦ󷽣
˲ƺһִۣһ䣬˵ףķԣⲢûʲôӰ졣
һ˵УǴӦ
ܼγϼ״Ҫ˵ף覾Ťͷ˵ү͸ѾȰˡ
ã¶Ȱ˲ܼγҲ
ܼγϵͷɬЦЦף覣ԽԽ˼ˡ
ͺ˲ƶܼγôһүǵĽ߶ĵĺëֱ
ǡף覷˸ۣү뷨дء
ܼγȴǣдûдϣף覻ǹעˡǶô֮׵Ľ
ףվ˵λɡ
Ⱥ߳˻ңףʵλλǶӲСһȥ
һг˵·
ףЦЦȥҲ̫Զ
߳ҵʱףСļ磬Ǿȥ·ˣ㿴š
Сףһۣ˵ͷ
ܼγϿǵƽĽһ
ܾе㲻Ծ˵
ĸое㲻Ծ
ף߳칫¥ʱ򣬽С˵˼仰ͰѳԿ׶ѳ
ȻתԲܼγ˵үԼӦҲԼȥɣؾͲҲˡ
ܼγһ㶣㲻ˣ
ףȻ˵үϲԼ취
ûһСͰѳ˹˲˵ףС㣬ϳˡ
һף覡һ͸߽ϺǼˡ
пλǲòܼγϺİȮȥ
ܼγϿųĽͷﳤȥͷ϶˼ߡ
֪ף覲ɫˡ
ǣ
үҲǳصѽ
ܼγվڽͷһӣ
һͿһͣף覵Ľűߣүǻȥˣ
ܼγЦʲôȥͷӿˬһȥӣȥ·ףСʲôС
ԽԽϲףˣСŮܴ޾ϲ
ֻ֪ʲôϲأ
-

294֤ȷ

ף覺һȺ·³û߽ܼγϾִ׷
ףһ㶣ˡ
װûпܼγϺİȮתͺ˲ơ
һƬȫǳݣߵһ¥µʱһʮİ̺˴˸кǻˣô
ӿڴͳһԿףָף覵˵ͦõģѹ
˵ʹףƹ¥ȥ
ķڶ¥ǰͷ
ףʵղǸ˭
˵
ߵ204ŷ䣬򿪷˽ȥ
ͺ˲ڱһͨĵ䣬һûļĴֻһźɫСľ
ϰ豭Ա߾ˮϷһ
ףÿһֶ̯ſյ˵㿴ûʲôİɡ
ȷʲôûУһԵĶûš
˲˵˾ֻ˺ǱۣͻϢˡĳԻ˶ӣҲרܵȥ˵ǲǡ
߽ϿôɾȷҲһݵ˻סĵطɫ˼֡
ھԼʼɣ᲻ĺǱ۵⡭
ףǵһȦߴӴɨߣͣǷŰϡ
ĶһԺףת˵˻
˵ǵȻˣǺö˶˵ƭǸڿԸӦе⳥˰ɣ
ף˵ǸʱУѾˣһмҪһȷϡ
ʵ㻹ʲôȷϵģ
ף˵ղ¥¼ķ̣һ¡Ӧòɣ
һʲôĵģ˵㡣
ף¥ղŸǴкİ·ߡ
һºЦݣ巿˹ȥ̣Ǹղȥѣи
ƯΪĹϵһ㣬ֵĺ飬ʲô֪ģʡ
ףʵƽʱûµʱ򣬶𣿡
˵ǰʱһһ졣
ףЦЦһܿˡ
˵ǵȻǸʲôû˱Ҹ
ҲСˣ·߿羰Ҳû¿
ף˵ģ򲡣ҽˮбĶǹܲס죬Ҳͺ˲ûдԣ
ܼγһ㶣һȻܴӱ˵
ף˵ԭҲһһ׵ġ
ף覱ɣֺǺǵ˵ģûҳԶʲôԵĶشģҴûԵĶȥ
̧ͷףһۣЩͷʵʹûа׻Ҫã
ף覵õҪĴ𰸣߻ߣˣȷûдʲôԵĻ
˵⳥¡
𼱣һҪȷϡף˵
Ӿ˲ƶףûû˵תŪķˣʵףС㣬㵽׻ҪڶãǳԻ˶ܵĺܣҪȥϢء
ף˵ֻҪȷϹһ飬⳥ͻǡλ˵ֶԺȥҽԺļҽԺҪƼ¼
ȵҲҪ
ף覵׻ʲô֪ģ
ҲˣҲˣھȻҪҽԺ
ף˵ǺǮйص飬ǽһȽϺá
⳥Ҳǰ׸ģܲ˵Ի˶ӾǳԻ˶ӰɣҪʵһ£㵽һ㡣
ף˵Ҳ֪ԼҪе㷳ˣǱҪߵĲ裬Ȼ⳥𣬲Ǹ̫𣿡
˲ƶ˵ôȥҲǮֱӸ鷳һ㣬ǿ⳥𰡡
еŤͷף˵ҽԺ
ףЦЦͷС˵ȥҽԺ
һˣǹˡ
ףҽԺһ飬Ȼĵͺ˲ƵƼ¼ʱڽ磬ȥҸ߽ϵ鷳֮ǰ
ҽԺԺǾһ԰
֤ȫǰͺ˲ƵȷǳԻ˶ӣҲûԱĶô⡣
֤ݣף³һ˵Զţ⳥ھͿԸǡ
ֻף覴Ӱóһŷ⣬һǮŵϡһǮҪġ
ͺ˲Ƶ۾һһֱÿɫʱ¶Цݡ
ôǮ⼸Ҳܣ
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295µһ

ף˵ʳ⣬ǵʧ죬ұʾǸԺҲԲ鷢ϣλΪ飬Ͷʧ˵ЩĻ
߽ϿϵǵǮĵͷٰ㲻ζ
ôǮľ۾գؽȥˣϰĴǲǹͷһ㣡
ͬʱֵ߽ףڸȥǮԺٸԼҪ
ЩǮϰǸʹ죬ɲԸ
˲ЦЦףС㣬Ҳ֪Ǻܺõģôһط϶ᾭ¡ӻȻǮҲûʲô£Ժˡ
ܼγǣǰǰôһˣھԱߵһϿף覡
ȻеСʧ
ΪףСʲô˲ķأҲֻ߸ѡôǮ˼ңǲۡ
ʱ˲ҪȥϵǮȴڸŷʱ򣬱ף覰ס֡
ףЦ
˲һ㶣ʵʲô𣿡
ף覿˵ĶŰֵֽĺͬǩ˺̸ͬˡ
˲ɻؿȻǲ˼
ף覺ģֱ׵˵ǼȻҪǮǲҲӦǩһݺͬԴ˱֤ǾԲ׷أһǮˣٻһΣҲǿˣ
Ҫ
ܱ
˲ʵôͻȻȥŪͬ
ף΢΢һЦӰͳֽһ֧ʷŵϡ
ȥŪͬҽʱҲˡͺ˲˵λֻҪǩ־͹ˡ
ܼγüβһ׼ĻͦȫǮͺͬˡ
ʲôʱЩģǸղ뿪֮ǰȥðʱ
ۣʱѾԤϵ˰ɡ
ף覰ѱʵݸ˲ƣλģӦòҵҪܹ֡
׺ͬҪԣͬһǩǾܷɱġ
Ժ󲻹ô鷳
ҪǮҪǩͬף覵Ĺء
ͺ˲ƶһۣ˵ͷ˲Ҫǩ֣߽ϾͳܹȥеУǮܸǡ
һ㶣ôˣ
ǲǳԻҪҽҩѣôô鷳òӦף覣߽ܳϹ֡
߽оݵ˵˭֪뿪Ժû·ϳԱĶҲ·ϳˣûأ
ĻʱˣҪǴȥˣҲˣҽԺˣô֤ݰǰ㻹ϣı⣡
߽ϼˣǣǡ
᲻ôǮ
ҽҩѣҲףø
ףֿ̧˵ÿˣλ˻ԼŪҽԺΪ˿ӵҽҩѡ
˵˼ףС㽲
˲Ҳ˵Ҳǹ£ǳԻ˶Ҳʵ⣬ҲҪġȻѳõģ
߽Ͽף覣ǲףС㡭
ףûдԺ˲˵ǩ˰ɣǩԺЩǮߡ
ͺ˲ûٺ͸߽ϷϻںͬˢˢǩԼ֣ϵǮת뿪ˡ
ʱף覺ȻʵλǶˣ
ͷһۣ˵ˡ
ף΢΢һЦȻ˵Ҽǵ˵Լˮģϣλ֮гɡ
˲Цģ˵˵
һ뿪ˣеĳԻӵĲģõ⳥Ժ󶼺ˡ
߽ϲʵףС㣬Ϊʲôôǣ
ǮĴڣףСҲ̫˵ˡ
Ҫʹϡ
ף覷ʵô֤ݰҪô˼ңʱΪԼףı۵ûг⡣
ʱܼγ˹ף覵Ķ£ĵ˵û뵽ףСҪǮô򵥵顣
ףƳһңʵͻȻҺܵ˵𣿡
ܼγϣе㡣
ҪǮ͸Ǯĸ
һݺͬ㿼ܵף鴦Ļ̫ˡ
ҪǶԷǹҪЩҲǲ׼
ףЦǲүҪ۾ˣЩƭˣһʼҲôҵġ
ܼγһ㶣ôѾͷл
ףԼ˵ų൥̫ʺƭˡ
һ۾ȴôҲ͸
һܼγʵߣ
ͺ˲ƶˣǻʲô
ףֿ̧һ۱һĨЦζ˵ߣҪһ𰸡
-

296ô۸

ͺ˲뿪ҽԺԺ󣬾Ȳشŷ⿪ʼǮȷԺϵЦݶˡ
Ц仵û뵽ףô󷽣һ
˲ƵҲû֮ǰĺ˵ӣȡ֮һֺ˵ĸоܲһľ
ǵϷһȫˣǮֻҪǸ˶Ҫ»СС»ˡôҪأȻ֡
ǮЦ˻һʱˡ
ѴзֳһǮ˲˵´ȥǻһ㵱Ǹˣ׵ġ
Ϸ̫ˣ˭᲻ǡ
˲ѵ£⻹ֻǿǻиҪҪء¶ҪǰˣõǮɱˡ
ղźףǩĺͬ˵ǽȥһҪĶ
Ǯ˻б£ף覻ǩͬ¶㵽ˡ
˲ƸпǮ˵淨Ǿǲһ
ףһһļ飬üζΪԼҪ¶ˡ֮ǰ׼㣬ûף覾
Цôǵ£ֻҪǮò𣿵꣬ǮϼңʲôУ
Ļ˵˲Ƶĵȥˣ˲ƴЦȾȥ
ܼγף覵Ķ棬ף˵Ļ
˵Լᱻƭ˵ڵһ𰸡
ѣܼγһЦ
ĵȻΪףٴҲһŮˡŮԹǶ˵ģҲԼͻᱻףƭ
ף覲ߣҲߣʵղŵȥˣ
ףʼ磬ûֻæŵѡ߽ϸˣĵҪˡ
ܼγŹ֡
ղضӵС񣬷Ծ̫˽ˣǸ͹ҪɻʱŻе
ܼγʵǻҪȶã
ʲôǣף˵үھͿ߰𣿡
ͷĴһȦ˵ҿûа
ܼγһ͸ַ꣬ף覾ʹ졣һ仰Ҫһ˺
ܼγ˵ҪȣȰѻ˵ˣһֱģľʲô
ףһ㶣ʲô֮ǰ˵Ҫһʲô𣿡
ܼγϵɴ˫ۣ˵㵽׸һؼȥԷ¶㻹ûء
ףգһ˫˫ۿ
Ŷ֮ǰ׮£
ܼγһף覵˼ˣ˵㲻ᴦһ¸߽ϵ飬ͰҵԺ˰ɣñǵĲүѵһǱҪ
үڵѾôֵǮ𣿲ܼγеѪ
ף򴽣˲ܼγϻڵĻش
ף˵ûǲҪҷҲᣬھͿԸ𰸡Ҳȥ
ܼγϵ
ףôãɲΪ𰸡
ǿף覵ӣһҲĿڡ
ܼγʵΪʲô
ף˵ҺͲү׽ĿԻȥԷԷĹϵ
ܼγ˵ҲûԷȥҼҳԶٷôˣ
ףЦЦֲҼңȥǲүɣǿģܲܰѿ˸ϳȥɡԷܸһЩӪҵûɲ
ܼγϷ˸ۡ
ף観һٷôôѣ
ף룬ֲүֻҪ£ԷһǺܻӭġ
ܼγϱˣһ仰ҲԸף˵ǣߡ
˵ܼγϱŤ˵
ף΢΢һЦүߡ
ܼγϿЦʱеһ١
һ뵽ôÿҪҲʣȴûµȥܼ֡γԼһ˹ͣ·ߵĳ
ЦүڿԻȥ˰ɣ
ܼγߣŹضԹ˵ӣףǰѵһ㷭̵Ŀܶû𣿡
ʵүҪộ
ܼγ⿴һۣף覻ԭصȣҲ֪ҪȵĴ𰸵ʲô
ܼγϲĵ˵ͣҾûף˳һ㣿˵ôÿһңô۸𣿡
Ҫˣף覾ȻҲ࿴һۡף覵Ͽһˡ
ЦףֲǸǮЦŮܹ鲻һү㲻ǿһҪףҲЩŮһ㣬㻹
үڱȻ˵ÿ˶µĴΪҲࡣ
ףǰôΪүԼҲСԼԸ飬˭ֹˡ
װףҲ۰
-

297½ƾͼ

ܼγ깶ĻûΪԼ뷨еˣһĲүѵôף観ˣףһɫû£
Ҳ̫ˣ
ܼγû˵ߣߣʲô
Цط˳ӡ
԰߽ϵ޹ص˶뿪ˣʵףС㣬⳥顭
ף覵ָţĵ˵һ⳥㸶㲻ùܡ
߽˵Ҹ֤Ĳҵı۵⡣
ףƳһۣǮѾˣ¶ˡ㲻ýô࣬飬ԼоϡӲǻҲûȥ˰ɡ
߽ϳĬƬ̣ת뿪ˡ
Сÿ߽ϴͷ߳
ðζûϡ
ܼγϲͷ˵ôߣ
Žϵĸ߽ϣ૵Ǹˣе졣
룬ûǸ˵˭
ܼγϷ˵ףֵµ˸쿪͸ӹ
Ц˵үͿ
ף̧Զȥĳһֱͦñֱı
֧ԴĵܼγϿǧҪԼźá
ǾԲܺͲܼγʲôģΪûжԲܼγ϶ġѾ϶ԼԵǸԾܼγٶ࣬Ҳκθı䡣
ܼγ϶ϲڸоԽԽˡ
ϣܼγԼ˷ѴѴѵʱ䡣
ԷֻκһΣҪǿͷܼγƮԺ˵ҪҵĸˣһôӸԴ϶ž
˵ˣӦȥܼγϵļԷô£ǲǸ
ף覾ô԰һһֱȵĺɫҲû뿪ֱ֮ǰһֱڰ칫ŵСԶһ·С˹
ͷ󺹣ףǰվףЦŰѸղСȥˮ˹ȥ
˰ɡȺȿˮ˵
Сڴڵغƿˮף˵ףС㣬˼Щ·Ҷ߹һˡȥ˽·һҪҴܻȥ𣿡
ף뿪칫¥֮ǰĹСļ򣬻һַ·
֮ǰͶõİʾ
һСòеķǡ
ղף覾һֱڵС
ףֿ̧˿뿪ѾȥСʱ
ף覵ˣѾŪˡ
վС˵ͷȥ֧Ǯ˵һˣʲô˼
ף覹õԱʹʡ
һǵͱϣһڷ˽ʱٸļӰѡ
СЦǺǵص˵ͷллףС㡣
ף˵һ·Ҳˣһɡ
˽ֱߵĳСѾڳϵˡ
СС˸кҲȥ
ף覻صףֱӻԼİ칫ңѾվİ칫ˡ
ף覰ϵİֶһߣʵôˣ
վ˵ѾϵξֳˣͼĶҲȫ͵ҩ֡Ǳߵô
ף̯˵ƭӣרǮġ
ʵȷƭӣ
ף覵ͷ˵һǡ
˵ôѵˣ
ףߵľƭǮļϣӦûкùӳԡ
ף覵Ŷ⳥𡣡
һ㶣ԼĶ䣬˵ʲô
Ķ䲻̫ʹ
ף覺ظһ飬⳥𡣡
һҭǲë֪Էƭӣ˶Է⳥𡣡
ףü˭ƽõǮ¶٣͵ԭ³٣˵³ࡣ
̫Ϥˣ׼Ҫӱ˵ı顣
ʵıʲô
ף覹ЦЦοǸɱһӰٵĺûᣬ˵ܵõûйķ֡
սǼⷿʱ;òԾ
Ƭݶǹϴ䣬ֻܰˢëԼӸɾľûסһ⣬ôһˢһë
˷õĻشҲú⣬ǶݵסˣҲܻƿˮˮȥԣôܻһԵĶûȥ
ôֻʣһֿˣǸͲס
ǼݣҲֻ˶Ŀѡ
ֻҪǮĻŪ˸̫ⷿ˵ȥˡΪɱ̫ߣ˸ɣ˵ҪȥҽԺ¼
⡪ҽԺļ¼ˡ
˵ǵĿͲǿǮô򵥵顣
ϵһжŵ̫ˣһҪﱸʲô顣
⳥ǩһݺͬô˳ǵļƻȥŪĿأ
Ǯֻıκֵ
-

298

ף覶⼸춼񣬲ҪץסʲôѱӲ죬ʱ¾ֳίһȦһķչԲڼ⡣
˵ѾкˣǾͻ΢װһ£һ㡣
ף룬˵Ǹ߽ϣʱ˲ĵӰɡ
ʵҲ⣿
ף˵˵׼Ǹоֵֹģ˲Ǻܰġ˲ĵӣԺҲӦһ㡣
ص˵ͷһССȥˡ
ССЩо飬߽֮ǰǩͬʱ򣬶׼ȫ߽ϵĵӣӦòǺѡ
ף˵СȥˣС߰ɣ˵ʲôʱҪõ
ܼγϻصԺ󣬾ͿԼļſվһŮˡ
ŮĲݿЩ졣ֻΧĵ̫ܼγϿˡ
ܼγ߽һûŵܻسùٰѳӿߡ
ʵʱתˣȴҶӢס
ҶӢһԸгȹסʵγϸ磬ΪʲôҾͶ㰡
ܼγϻعͷ
ҶӢ˵ҵȻҼγϸˣγϸ粻ҽȥ𣿡
ܼγϿ˿Լҵķӣҡҡͷ
ܼγ棬ﻹǺģҿɲ˭ȥġ
ףҪô˵Ļǻͬ⡣
ܼγǣ˵ʲô˵ɡ
ҶӢ˹ȥסֱ˵γϸ磬·߶䰡ҶСʱˡǽȥ˵ɡ

һҶӢסܼγϵĸ첲ͿҶӢһ
ܼγ϶Ű
ܼγ˵ϲˡҲϲ˽ҡл˵ɡ
СҶӢɫ˳ȴڲܼγûʱ򣬻һЦ
γϸ磬˵ǸŮ˵顣
ܼγһ㶣ŤͷҶӢ
˵ʲô
ƣҹһ⡣
ҶӢ˫ֻ˵Ҷ֪ˣγϸϲǸŮˡγϸһֱ𣿾ղţӦҲȥףСİɡ
ܼγ¡
ϲף飬Ҳȥһš
ҶӢЦЦѵǲܼγԼ
ҶӢ˵γϸ磬ǰʱǸףС㣬Ƕ˻ġԷǸܲˡγϸ磬ûлġ
ܼγۿٴظ˵£
ҶӢȴһν˵γϸҪϲҲûйϵҲǲˡҲ˵мûͱŮ˯ǽ˻飬ɿȥףС㣬ֻҪγϸ̫־С
ܼγλζؿ
ҶӢ㲻ϲҰɡ
ҶӢһ㶣ЦôأҵȻϲγϸ簡ֻǰݼڣγϸϲǸŮˣôأ
ܼγϳϲһˣôͱһ𡣡
ÿֻҪһףమͼʵķ衣ҶӢȻôȣ˵ôŮ˶Լһ飬ҶӢҲбĿĲҪ޸Լİɡ
ܼγתȥһ仰ҶӢİݼڣҲ̫ˡ
ϲŮˣϲ
ףŮԺ͸ϲˡ
ҶӢһ㶣ۣ
ʱܼγϣʲô㾹Ȼ˵ۣ
һߣܼγǣŵֿ˼
ҶӢֱŵ
ԭƢɣܼγץŹҶӢЦ֮ǰҲ̫װˡ
ûŮ˽飬Ȼ֮󻹲֪Ҫʲôء
ҶӢʶȴҲûжôѿ˵ܼγϣ㣬ѾǺܸˣ㲻ҪƲԳԷơ
ܼγЦЦʲôƣҲܼγⱲӾƳԶˣ볢һƵζ
ҶӢ߽۾˵ΪΪʲôҪӦҶҵĻ£ΪҪҶҵĲ賧ϴ⡣òǲܼһӸֺɣǵ̫𣿡
ܼγϵı
˵һΡ
ҶӢһһ˵̫¡
ܼγЦһȻȻ̧סҶӢ°ͣصҶӢšüͷ
ܼγ˵˼㶼Ը޽ж¼
ҶӢ۵Ľе֣ˣˣ
ҶӢļҪæȴ֪ð˸סˡ
-

299жԶԶ

ܼγϺǳһ̧˵Ҳܼγϵĵֲ̣Ůлӽ𣬸жԶԶ
ܼγ˵꣬ɿҶӢתȥ
ҶӢ°ͱ۵ĲУֿŲܼγϵıӰ˵ܼγϣ㲻ҽ飬СŵףֹԹŮӦüʲôɣ
ǲöܼγϣһĵؽø棬ôطҪ׾١
ܼγϸǰˣᣬѵɣ
ģǾͿ˭ҡ
ܼγԭѾ˷ţ仰Ժ־ͷŰϲˡ
תҶӢøʿɶֹܶˡ
ҶӢ֪ô˵ǸŮҵܲܶһԲ֪𣿡
ŲܼγɫҶӢ˵ˣž͸ɴҽɡ˻飬ұ֤ʲôȥҲ㡣
ܼγϳĬ˰ΣȻЦҶӢ治֪ף覺վŵ˭
˵ˣܼγϸͲҶӢһס
Ϊʲôֻô򵥵ȥףһ棬ȴԽʲôΪ֪Ǹ˾ˡ
ӲӲҪ֣ҶӢȻ붯ǲֱӴҶӢҪԼ鷳Уš
ܼγ˵ʹ󵨵ضԣ󵽵˭Բ˶ߡ
˵ֱ߽һ˷š
ҶӢǰյķţݺݵص˼ۡ
վһ߿ţʲôҲû˵ˡ
װܰļͥסլΧһ
ᰶǰȲ裬ζ˵û뵽Ǽ͡
õĶӣҲ´֡
Ϊᰵĸ׵׸̼ңԺҲ̡
ˮðڵŵŮ˽豭תתô죬ȿȲůů
ᰵ˹һݲ㣬ŵǰһ
˵˵Ѿ뿪̼ˡ
ףüȷô¡
ʵѾ̼ҵˣΪʲôҪҼ
ĮпԵ롣
ף覲Ϊ⣬Ϊּ󣬷ЦЦ
Ȳ裬ʵ̼ң̲˵Ӧһ°ɣ
һ㶣Ҳ
ף˵ᣬԵϵϵĲǡ
ףҽ̻Ƕѡ
һ㵹˵˵ΪʲôҪΪ̼Ҷˡ벻뿪̼ңҶʲôӰ졣
ףЦЦҲ뿪̼ңĺǣλĻ᣿ţ
ͷССһڲ衣
ף˵̲ĺϸ̼ұҵˡܹ̼ҼҲľ˵ӦѾǺ˰ɡû뵽Ҳص̼ңҲ顣
˵Ĳ˳鲢ûжӰ졣Ҳ̫߿Լˡ
ףЦ֪Īĺжʵġҵһֱ̼ңʤ𣿿²ܰɡҪӮǣʲô¡
ôһ˷
ֻǴĲѡ
򴽣Ȼܲϣף˵ĵȷʵ
⼸ӵľף覵ȷһټҵš
һֱ̼û˳Ƿŵ˵ף覵뿪ʱϵӪҵѾǼֵ֮ܽˡ
ʵʲô
ףȻǸҵЩǾٳһҲ̲һ
һף覵Ļǿ
ȻʹˣûǰˣҲòһʮСѾͷͷ
ף覰ʲôˣһؤ
̼ҲǮƣҲǵҪ˰æȼõĵز
ף覿Ž˵ûͷô֪Ҫأϵ˶ϲģ˵ϲģֻûԹѡ
ԣŤͷףһۡ
ĵ˵Ԥģһ̼ҡ
һ֮ǰԶܵõ̼ҡ
һ㶣ؿ
ףЦֻƻĺ̲꣬ĲҪ𣿡
᰻ع񣬳̼
ף覵ָףڲǣԺ˵׼ˡ̲̼ôõƷѵһҲ룬̼ҵһ𣿡
һ¢ĳĬȭͷ۵͸
ףϲˡ
Ϊˣƿء
ôܲ룬ֻһֱûм̳Ȩѡ
һִòĶһͻȻܱ͵ǰ㲻ߣһԵĿҲǻеġ
жõ̼ҵһأ
-

300Ұ

᰿ף観Ĭá
Ů˻ص̼Ժף覵ĹעһֱٵĿ
һûĺӣж뷨һֱǻᰵԺû뿪
ԼǰŮˣȴף覵۵׿һ˶ȲϵĹâ
һëѾͷôôأ
᰺Ȼף覡ֻҲף覡Ҳף¶ķâۣԺһиı£ĳɾ͡
۾ʵҪʲô
ף˵̼ҵӦú֮󣬿ĲֻǼˣҪЩ̼Լ֧Ĵɡ˱ǮźǮǮ
Ħָ˵ô¡
ףЦЦֲϧ˵̼ĴǮȫǾ㼯ʣҲֻõֺ졣ΪǵǮǵģɡԺϣǵõǮ̼ұңҲֻǾţһë
ᰵüͷ
Ҳֵֻ̼ܹµԭ
̼⣬ҶǳǮġ
ˣǮȴֲʵʵĺô
ǱֻԼˣǣֻܳ΢ĩͷ
ף覼˵Ǿ֪ЩصС֧һģ̲ǮǴĽ裬Ǻȼ֮۰ٷ֮ʮĹɡ˵ûɡ
ôһҳ˵ٷ֮ʮĹɷȻȲͷŵĴͷ࣬ҲһȲСǮ
᰿ףʵЩ飬Ǵģ
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ףЦЦ·ӡ
ԸشʵЩ£ʲô
ף覿΢΢һЦ˵һ侪˵Ļǰٷ֮ʮĹɷ뿪ۣǿ̩۳ô
ᰵһΣһȲȫ·ϡ
ᰱˮ̵վæһᰣôСһ㡣
ﻹй˵㵵ؿף覣ڿһֻԤϻ˺ҧСȮ
˵˵һΡ
ף˵ֻ˵һٴζУ̲ղŲѾ˵ĻǾҵĻ̫𣿡
۵֮ǰľ弸һ˲ɢ·ϵˮգЦ覰ҰǺ£Ҳ̫Ϊˡ
֪Լ˵ʲô
ÿ궼ǮĹɷݴ뿪ǲǵڸԼڿɵӲŻѡ
еãֻҪǰٷ֮ʮĹɷ뿪ۣ߻ͬǮٷ֮ʮĹɷݡ
ٷ֮ʮͰٷ֮ʮеĲɲһǰ㡣
̩Ȼû𲽣ĳһҲСֻҪףôԺЧһ̼١
ĻƤЦⲻЦ˵ҵҲСˣѾǱ˻Ҿɵȥеˡ
Ưף覵۳ܲܰöһ¡ԺĳӵˣԼͶȥǮɾһëղˡ
ף覵۳ûκƵʱ򵹸꣬Ѱ·
̲ܲҡף˵
᰷ʵ㣬𣿡
ף覺ϵᰲô״ӦͷЦЦ̲ңҵǻһȫİ취ȳ֣̼ҵ֪Ͷô
ʲô˼
ף˵ûǮͶǮҲò˶ٹɷݣֲ߶ٺʱ̲ǿ̩ۿɿһΪǰ֮ʮĹɷݣ롣
֮ǣԹۡ
Ҫֻ֣ҪҼˮС
ȷʵͼٳִ۳ʣתͶ̩ۡ
ף˵̼ôֵȷͬһ㣬ҲҪ𸴣һʵ֤̩һжǿɿġ
ᰵĴ֮ǰ˵Ǹ̼ҡ
ףһ㶣漴Ц˳
ԽɤԵøü
ϲףεſӡ
ף˵̲ûҰҲͦġ
֮ǰһνӣҪΪһ㶼ûжء
ף˵һһ̼ҵǰӮЩˡҶܵõҪģΪʲôҪƽ׸úô
ףվ׵£ҾͲˡǡ
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301Ϊʲô

ף뿪Ժ鲻˵ҸоŮӲ򵥡
᰿ϵĲ豭˵Ǻܲ򵥡
飬ʵǴǡ
᰿һۣһԼıҶȥˣ˭ܱ֤ͷҧһڣ
ף覵ϿһɺݾһһŮ˶ûеĺݾ
Ҫ̵̼ҵĻҵ顣
룬˵ҪԺ󶼲ˡ
ֻҪӸ϶Ͼף覵ף覾ͺǳϹϵ
˵ֵǮҲ٣Ǿͺúø̼֣ףб£ҲôĻҵ
üַԵУôõĻᣬǿɲܾôˡ̼ѹô꣬Ҳûǵһˣܽһڶ飬ѱЩŪ壬ʱٽ̼ңȫ
ʵҪô
˵ףҪĶǿԸ͵ǹһ¡ԼȴҪҡӪԺ̼ҳ£ҲȻĽ̡ʱǾ̼˵ϻˡ
̼һӶû˿ףܰѱŪ壬ԺͿüˡ
Ժ˷ӣҲٱԲһֱƲ
˷Բ
ֻǼû̼ұǮҲûбҵòŻԵñȽƽӹ
ֻҪܸһõһܳͷء
ȻΪ̼˵зԺҲ᲻ܱҵЩˡǻһ·ߵģֻʱıˣܹһѡ
ҲԼʲô˭ΪԼļ롣ǰ̼ҵ˶Ҳûʲô飬ǿǡ
ڼȻлᣬȻҪúõץסҲЩ˱˿ҲƵġ
˵һͰϵһЩ֧ףиǮ취
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ףӮ˱ңԺͿɡô㶼һʻǲġ
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ÿ춼췼Էſڵ°࣬ףôĳ˶һ¡
С㣬촩ĿƯ
ף̧һ¶ߵīЦЦ
ѰȻҲЩ·ǺС£һڼõĸо
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룬ҪǾүҲܿСӾͺˡүˣһᱻףСԵġ
˵С㣬ϳ
ףȥʵСʲôҪ𣿡
ף覰ǰͷ˵ͷǲ鼨ЧˣܵǼ˶ҪȥǸίɵʯ
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ף˵ܵҪ԰ԼطǴƣҪԼļЧʯĲܡʯҿ϶ⲻҪһ档
ôҪļᣬף覿ɲҡ
ʢװ磬Ϊ˲ǰҲʽһ㡣
ЦСôƯʯҪǿô죿
үҪ֪ˣһġ
ףЦ˵ʯѾʮˣһƣˡ
ʯֱôûƷ顣
룬ʵСûк;үϵ𣿡
ף㶣ôͻȻ
˵Ҵ绰ˣ˵ǾүĲɵģһ˶ŵ绰ӦڵСĵ绰ɡ
ףһĬڵϵ
ʵΪʲôң
һֱΪæûʱϵԭҲڵ
Ǵ绰Ҳʲô°ΪʲôҪô
˼ͷʵҡһξү绰СĽҿСһֱڹҵ·֮ܣټǰ飬Ҿ͸߾үʱæ
ԣÿǾү仰ԺԼС£ŻһֱסСͨ
ףһ㶣ææΪʲôƫҪ
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302ʯ

ףƳһۣ˵ϴԺ˵æ
ôһ˵綼ϵˣΪ鴦Ĳ˳˯š
ֺǺǵ˵á
үӵСĵ绰һܿġ
ף覶û¾ȥ࿴Ǹֳǲע鷳
֣ЦЦһţӿ˳١
ף覴ӺӾ￴һϵЦݣ֪ԼµҲǰ˾ŲʮˣҲЦЦ
ͬʱ̼ұլһ
ʵͷ𣿡
˵ûȷеϢؾſڶţҪˣһܵһʱյϢ
ɫ˵ȳܵʯȥ͸ǵϳˡ
һСѾͷƬӣҲǰô
ǰЩССּȻԸ˺ף覣һκݵġһһҪף覺ݺһ֪ʲôϵ
ͬʱҲҪλᣬٵڳܵЩĿеĺ
´ߣʵ֣ô᲻̫Բˣ
Į˵ⱾǺʹսһҪս̼ң̼ҶȥЩͷѵӦ𣿡
ף覵ʱǸ̼ܳﱲ
һףûʲôõģҪΪ̼ҵĶʱ־Բ顣Щףҵġ
Ťͷʵأ
˵ԸǵĻᣬΪǿǸФŮһẦ̼ҡ
ص˵ͷȥŰɣһһҪףڱҲ̧ͷ
վ˵֣İɣһźáǶѾˡ
˵̼߳ң´Ȼ
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üͷ塣һ˶ԹĻηġ
Э¶ԼŰɡҪȥȥյֽǮ
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㣬һոµĽγֿͣ
һų֪ݵˣЩֵСϰնԾõһߡ
³ǳܵ䣬³֮ϵװߵڶߵš
һ˾³ѳŴ򿪣һʮ˴ӳǽĴԴֵʯ
ܵԱã˵ʯǱǵ
ʯ˫ֱؿ˿Цֵͦġ
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ʯɵô֣ǵԱɲܿʰ
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ܵⷬ˵ǽףúܸˣһ˿ɲôޡ
ʯŰɵ˵˵ôã
ܵЦ˵˵ٶ࣬ʯԼȥһۡ
ʯȤǾͽȥ
ʯ߽Ϳһһ޵ĺȹӵŮ˳˹
СŮķò·̬ׯ󷽣һǸҹ㡣
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һֱڵʯǹƵͳӭˡ
ʯָףʵǣ
ܵܵʯˣףƤŪôһʳֵġ
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ʯ֣Щȵ˵Ůϰ壿
ܵ˵ôãΪϰǸͷԵˡ
ףЦѾŮҲǮˡ
ʯ˵ͷ˵öԣںܶŮ˶˲ȷСˡ
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303

ףЦʯˣЩ黹ȽϺãͺñĹûмŮܸɵˡ
ⷬ˵Ľжȣʯһ㲻ڳֳܵڹٳˡ
ܵЩҪףһ졣
ʯ꣬¶Цݡ
ʯףһۣ˵СͿ󰡡
С۵ģ͸һ
ף˵ʮš
ʯһ㶣ôС
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ףشǣͬʱƸ˲ˡ
ʯ۵ֶ˼
һС̵ܹôһطһǸˡ
ʯʣ˵ģһɣ
ף覵ͷ⹫һѧʡҾû⹫ôˣôҲֻ΢ѡ
ǫ顣һֲḡĴ֪ǸŮˣʯף覵ӡ󲻴ָָȽȥ
ףЦÿһãҸ·
˳ܵһۣܵҲضЦЦ
߽ҲסظǴкֵ߶վˣ֮ǰףнһЩעû·ס
ף覺ظʯص㣬ʯžʡ˼
ڼܵףԼҲȫܹӦҲٲ͡
ʯ߱߿һСԸסߡ
ףһֱעʯһĽŲͣͿʵʯҲҪһҵߺ𣿡
ʯŵð˵ȻڱʵȪˡϼңߺǺζġ
ף˵ˣȥһСԺϼҵζȣڡ
ʯԥһ£ܵ˵ʯĶɲͳһɣҲףСһӡ
ף覵ͷЦЦ
ʯڵͷãǾͳһ
˳ߺĵȥף覶Եϰ˵ߺ
ʯɻ룿㲻ԣ
ףЩߵصͷһִСϣ˵ȹҸղųԹ緹ˣҪٳߺӾҪͳˡʯվһҵĶͻඪ˰
ôŵΣ˵ƽ׽ˣʯĺøֶ˲١
ָף˵ŮӾǰƯ
ף覵ͷ˵ŮӾëʯͲҪȡЦˡ
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һߺͶ˹ʯҨһߺͽس˳
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ܵЦЦҲͷ
һߺ˴룬ͷȻһ¡
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ʯҪӣҪǷʲôǵʯˣ֮ǰĹͶ׷ˡ
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ʯ˵ԽǺͰйص飬ǾԽҪġףСòʲô鲻֪İɣ
ףһ㶣ʯǲ֪滹Цı飬ı齩һ롣
˵Ǻͨ˲һȻһ㶼׼ʯղǾ仰˼
ʯҪ֣ǻ⣿
ֻʯ̬ȣȫȡ飿
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ףתµĵطȥȺɢڸ߽ſڵͺ˲˵Ӱ¶˳
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304ͬ

Ⱥ֮У˫ֲŸ߽Ϻǵ⡣һǾҳԳģڻٴ𣿡
߽һǵͨ죬Ӹ߸𣬳ɤӽеǣ
˲𣬰л˵Ϊµġ
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߽ϲָ˵˭ĵꣿΪʲôط
˭Ҳ˭ۿҪˣףǰʵֳʲô
ŭĿԵм䣬Ϊĳ֣
ף覿˿ЦӴλˡ
ףһۣ·Цһƺܿӡ
ʱ򣬺˲ƿȺһװʯˣһ£ŰһԼ̬
ף˳ǵĿ⿴ʯһۣü΢ɲšš
ףʵλΪʲô£
˵ףС㣬һε飬ԭΪѾ⣬û뵽ǻӰ
ʯףһۣ۵׸ֳɻ
⣿
ܵüͷҲԵĶĵط³ֵľ⡣һûãӾͻˡ
óܵ䵣ĵǣʯողųԹĶʱֳ⣬ʯܲ
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ʯŤͷףʵףС㣬ҪҪһ£ô£
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305¼

˵֮ǰҶǱһֹ̬ڿ飬ֻķ֡ôϵĺͬóԺ󣬴Ҷ˾ŷˡ
Ҫĳʳû⣬ףΪʲôҪǮҪǩͬ
ͬǩˣǾ֤ʳ⡣
߽վ˳ָ˵ǸǮģ
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Χ˸ǵĻʼ
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˵ԭ쿴йͣǶλһʶڿȡһЩʩƣɾҪˡ˵öԣ˴ܵϡ
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ֳ˵档
ضִӹİóһļ
ףżžһ˦ؿڣԵĺǱһ죬ø߽ϵĵʳԭļ档
𱨸濴˿ͷ˵дʲô߰ġ
棿û
ף˵㿴ûϵҿԸ͡ݼմҩûģļ߽ϵĺǱ۲ûκ⡣
߽һ㶣ݱʲôʱģôһҲ֪
ף覿ЦôһΪʲôԵĶۣҽԺνʳﲻɾôͣ
ף覵ķʵߴ磬㶣һʱᾹȻ벻Ĵʡ
˲ƿһۣվ˵ϵݱҲǼٵġ
ף覰Ѽϳٸ˶Դ˵ҩָǵӡ£ҶԿѵǾҩֻǼӡ𣿡
۷һݼԺ˲תҩôܻ١
ôһݼ涼ˣƭ˵Ȼͺ˲ѽ
ɫˣ˵ҲпǺŪ˸ɾʳȥġ
ףЦǶλɾʹˣһλ뿪Ǳ۵Ժؾʹ˵绰ȥҩ֡Ϊ˱û٣ǽҩֵȡļ飬ǸûٵĿܡ
˵Ǿǰ˭Ű
ף˵ҪǾòţȥҩѯʣǱ߿ɶ˼¼ġǸòҩҲǩͬ˰ɣ
ͺ˲ƾһ֣ȥ浱ٵͷ
ף覶һˣǸҲġҪˣɾҪ汻ˡ
˲˵һԻ˶Ҳʵ֮ǻȥҽԺҽԺм¼أ
ܴ湥ף覣˲ƾֻһˡ㲻ôȫǣҲҪôһף覣ף覲ܸɾ
˲ΪܴһԼľݵ㣬ȴ仰ף覵»
ף˵˵飬ҿҪǺúһˡһ˵Ի˶֮ȥҽԺһֱú֣ԾԼԱһССĲԡ
ܵף覷ĺʱʱʵʲôԣ
-

306թƭ

ף覹⽫βŤͷź˲ʵڻش֮ǰһʺһڳǱԺ󣬵·صĽ·ȥģ
˲˵߻ȥġ
ףʵǺˣȥҽԺأ
˲ƾף覵ЩԾȴҲû˵Ҳ·ȥġ
ףüҵóĴ𰸺ǵ˵ǣɲ̫ܶԵϡ
˲һ㶣㵽˵ʲôҹĨǵġ
һ죬ҾԼԱصסĽ·һһõʱ䡣ףЦ⡣
ܵʵʲôֵģ
ף覽͵һ뿪ۣҪ⳥мһСʱʱҾ;ú֣⼸طôԶǵؽų̵ͦ졣
ףƳһۣڿһֻ¶β͵ĺ꣺ҾԼԱҲһˣȴֹǴ뿪ص·ȥҽԺ⵱оʲôҲҪСʱˡ
һʵʲô⣿
ûһǸңǻȥԺ˯˸ⲻҪСʱ֮ȥҽԺҪʱź𣿡
æ͵ʣµһСʱô˰ɣ
ף覵ͷЦЦ
Լĸ첲վʵã㶼ˣôʣҽԺȥҪ⳥أм·Ҳ˷Լȥ𣿡
ǳԻ˶棬ʱͲܻôࡣ
ף˵ǰֹ˰ɣΪҽԺƼ¼Ҳǰ˼١
ҽԺĲȫдģиϤҽҽԺ﹤ҪһżٲҲǲܣǵĻѻȴûԲ
ʱ䲻Ե⡣
˲Ƽۣ԰׵ı˵ôܻƭˣ
ףŤͷ۾˵㵹ǽ鰡
ɵ㲻Զûа취֤Լ˵Ļġ
û˵𣿡ؿʵ
ͺ˲ƶһۣ֪鲻תҪȺܡ
˲ŸռȺͱŵСС˻
СʵôżҪȥĶ鲻ǻû˵𣿡
С鿴еףȭͷĿ졣
˲ƺͲС¶ɷģ˲̾˵ǸղſܼǴˣҲڱ𴦳ණ
ףԼĶ̧ʵڲԼǴˣ̫𣿡
˵ףС㣬ǾǼǴˣǼǴˡ
߽ϴ㵵ؿף覣֮ǰһֱΪףͷԼ򵥱˸ƭˣû뵽ף覻в顣
ǲףףС֪ƭӣΪʲôҪǮ
ǵʱǮܣףСЩǮǶ
ѲףС㻹ϵǻٶһΣʱŻô󷽣
Ҳûȥôˣ֮ǰͺ˲ںòһŲŹôõĻѵǣ
߽˵ʲôǴˣǸǹǮģһζ˻һҽǵýѵһ٣֪ϵĻΪʲô죡
ߣӾҪϣףסأ
Ҫǻƽʱ߽Ͼǳȥһ˵ʲô
ǽʯ߽ҪĺͶԷˣ־Ҫһûΰĳǩˡ
ضЦЦİףС㣬ǸʱҾѾˡӦϾ͵ˣ
˵䣬Ѿĸ쳯˹
ؼˣָͺ˲˵£
һ˵ȸһ˰ɡ
Ҫץĸ첲һشǸʲôǲǼǴһ㶫ƾʲôþץң֣
ףվһƵ˵̫ܲɡ֮ǰԼԻ˶Ϊɣ⳥ǩ˺ͬ𣿡
һ㶣ô
ף覲ݲݷһºͬ˵ʱǧ顣ǧʲô֪𣿡
ףͣͣһһٵظǣǡǡթƭ
Ϊ׸Ǯ
ٲóԵĶԭⲻظ³
ôһǮΪڽһͽ
ǰˣУһù
-

307ʯ˵ý

ɫˢһףƭ˵ǮǻĵװˬҲû뵽ΪӰ
ʱоԼһѾϣߡ
ؿףһۣ˵ȸȥʣµ飬ԼӦ
ףļ˵İɡ
ͺ˲ƴߣֵҲɢˡףʯǣ˵һЩõ飬ǼЦˡ
ʯ͵ĿףСȻΪССͲܾӪܶԸЩݺǵˡ
ף˵һֱ˴鴦öҲоˡ
ʯһüͷ飿
ף覵ͷЦЦ״˵˵ҲʯЦӿҵ˲˵ļʡ¡һλһҶЩС£ǶѾˡ
¾ֳǱǵƣôõĵطӦøõĹôñӰľӪ״أʯ˵
ܵͻȻףͼף覶ü
ܵ˲˼ʮֿյ˵ʯ֪һǩףСġʱ˲ٵԣǷ˵ףСǮŰѵǩġԺߵҾͲ̫ҹܣ˵ǹ̹ᡣ
ʯ˵ĹͣӦñ֤档Ժܳʲô£ǶӦõһʱǾ÷չֺõĶǾӦð׳ɳ
˵һЩܵЩΪѵĿʯ
ʯ˵ǾϷãʲôҵţ
ףæȥ˵ʯôأ
ʯ˵˵ӰбзչĺõĶôѹйʲôʱܷչģԺٷ飬ֻҪϱ˰
ף覵¶һмЦ̫лʯˣ
ôʯڰ˵СѾͷҲͦϲġ˶ӦñáԺʲôΪѵ飬ң
ܵվʯĶףһĴָ
̫ƯˣʰթƭõʯͱӻôһϵԺ붯ɾͲˡ
ӭӹӭӹĻԼŪűơ
Ժףֺʯһ˶ٷ
ϣʯף޲ڡף覱ĶЩ˼ˣþͲܶˡ
뷨һðͷʯЦеĿʵףСôᣬӦûûнɣ
ף覵Ƥķ̫Ծ
ҲͷʯòҪףСװɣ
ף覴ûС
ʯһֺǺǵ˵ףСͣҵĸɶӡҲǸˣͷԾƷҲáлĻϣܹһ
ף˲۾
ʯȲļ˵ǸɶӰԺãТģûӢףСһϲģ
ʯʯףæлһ⣬עҪһˡȻû飬Ѿˡ
ˣʯһ㶣Ҳ󰡣ô綩᲻̫ˣ
ᣬ÷ף˵ҺܺãҲûҪľ뷨ǸĸɶӣĹɡ
ʯ̾һȻŮ类ѡˣǸĸɶֻһӴ
ʲôʱܼɶӽ鰡
ˣӲҾףǰúϰɡʯϧ˵
һʯǸˣҪʯǿýүԼϱ˵ˣ
ʯףٻصʱѾҹˡ
ػڰ칫ûϢףţֱ˽ȥ
˵
Ӧһ֣ˡ󲻵ʯȻڷϸ˵ף
ֻ˵ûʯôһ٣Ȼý˵Ǳʡ
Ұҹص٩ҵġթƭôˣ
һӾʲô˵ˡվ˵˵˳ǮڽʯѰõʱ¡ǱǮ٣ǻϼҸһˡ
Է˭Ū𣿡
Ƴһۣǲ׵һ¡
-

308Ҿ˵

𰸣ף覵ĵ׾Ȼûмһ
ؿôôƽ
ף覵ͷ˵ϰˡ
ͷЩƵģһϰˣ治֪˶ᡣ˭ҵĹСܵż
Ժ̼ҵ˾Ͳͣظʹӡھ֪̼ҵڱ󵷹Ҳö֡
˵֮ǰȥ̼ƹ𣬻Լ۳Ҫŵ顣
һҪĺԺŻϾ˼̩۳飬ҲȡһԸʱ䡣
ף˵ô˵һλøл̼ҵʯһŶơûһ֣ʯǰû취ô
һǿ˵øԺҪ֣Ҫ
ף覿һۣȻȥˣˣҲϢɡ
覣
ҪߣغȻס
ף覻ͷһۣɻʵôˣ
ף̵ļաʵҪȥ𣿡
ף覵ͷ˵ţرҪȥ衣
ͷοЩʱûȥˣĻȥɣҰ㿴š
ףݸһЦתˡ
һ췢̫࣬ף覻ȥԺ۵òУϴԼҪ绰顣
ףԭѾɵˣ飬ֹһëҴҵܵ˿
绰ȥ˺һû˽ӡ
ף룬ǲ̫ˣѾ˯ˣ
ףʧҪҶϵʱ򣬵绰ͷһģι
ף˲˾񣺡
һ㶣Լ۾
ʲôʵ
ף覵Ľżǣе硭
һĨЦ⣬ţԡ
˵ף֧֧ġӶ䣬û˼ֱûԼĿڵ˵ͦæġ
˵Ҳûæܽӵ绰ĵز
ףһ㶣ڹûмʱϵ
һʵæúѲ𣿡
ף˵еæ鶼Ѿˣ֮ǰһֱȵİҲˣԺһʱӦöͦɵġ
ҹｵף覵ֻһëڵ绰Ավһ;ȷ
˻һ̲סһ硣
üͷʵǲûд·
ף覽˽ϵëæ˵ǰҴˣĺúõġǽϺͳ¾ֳǳ˶ٷʱ˵磬е
˵ţԼĽƴԼķСȣȴûһҪҵ绰˼
˵˵˾ͱŵ绰ˣ˻óҩ
붼֪ڿ϶һëվڵ绰ء
ôһڲףûͽѵһˡ
ף覻ǲҵ绰ʵ磬ûʲôҪ˵𣿡
ֱ׵ʵҪ˵ʲô
֪ϣԼ˵ʲôϣֱӵر
ףһ㶣ԭûرԼǺ
Ǵûʹף覻˵ڣֱˡ
ϰϰʲôġ
һͳЦĶҵĹ˾ֱ˵ңôڣţ
СѾͷѧ˼ˡ
ıõĻﱻӵĴƣŵ绰ף覵˲ͺˡ
ףæ͵ʲʲô㡣Ҳûж㣬㣬Ĺġ
ͷϵ˵ãϰߣϾ֮ǰҲ˰ꡣ˺˰顣
ף覣
Ŷôãܲϰ𡭡
Ϲʲô߰ģ
ףתƻʵ㻹жòܻ
鵹ǲ˵Ӧþ顣
ף覵˫չ
ĸײûףңСʱסһٻĵط
ٻҪһĻ𳵡Ϊ˻ȥĸףϾҪˡʱǴҲϲˡ
úôֱߵ顣ףûдϻǵͷ˵
֪ǲɵ飬ȥΪ
ʵʲô˵𣿡
ף˵ûˡ
˵ɲһǰˡ
ǾϢ˵
ҡףԼĺ촽Ѿߡ
˵ʲôϢš
ңҺ㣡
ף覹˵仰Ѹײڶ֮ѸٹҶϵ绰ܻ˷䣬ñͷסԼ
ѽ̫ˣ
ŵ绰һ㶣Ȼع绰ʣµľֻСཡཡˡ
ĵ绰ЦЦ
СѾͷ
-

309ɨĹ

ٻף˵һرĵط
СʱõĻõĻ䣬
ΪҪϵĻ𳵣ʰˡʱ̫û
ҹһ꣬챱Ǹ䡣
ףŵʱŰѵֶöö¡
һתͿվһڣ¶һЦݡ
ףһ㶣첻˵żô
ЦЦСȥվɡ
ҹӵĵ绰
үСĸ׵ļաСٻչŵ㡣
֮ǰСż٣ҲԼٻ֪
֪˲ȥ𵽶İοЧҲΥף覵˼Ƥظף覡ҲΪףʲôϾСôĺá
˵Ŵ˳ţС㣬ϳ
վף˳󣬶˵ȥɡ
ףһɫ·ЩĵʵС㣬ĲҪȥɣ֮ҾͲˡʲô͸ʲô
ףҡҡͷº͵˵ˣ·һ˴һң˵һٻ죬ͻˡ
˵ͷ˵С㣬һ·Сġ
ףһϴ·תվȥ
һͷܼγϸԼһ͵˻𳵣ӻվ߳ŤͷͿһ߽սף覡
˫۶ʱŲظ
ʵүȥĶ
ܼγϳ˰֣ȥطȻȥҡ
һ㶣ǡ
ܼγϲͷ˵
û׷ףһȥĵطټôܲȥһ
ۿףһл𳵣ܼγҲŴһڳȥ
ܼγϵһֱ׷ף˼䴩ֱҵԼλã
ףԼͷźãؿŴ⡣
ܼγ˹ȥλ
ף覾һֱųĬֱվҲǾԼһֵ롣
ܼγϿ񣬽ף覿̫Ծ
ʱһƱԱ˹˵Ʊ
ܼγһ㶣ڿڴͣȻԼûƱ
ƱԱùⳤͦõһôƷôȻûƱ
ܼγϺȻһЦԼƱԱ˵ȥƱҡ
ƱԱһۣתȥףҪƱˡ
ףóԼĳƱƱԱƱԺתص˲ܼγߣƱҵûУ
ܼγ˵ûҵҪҲƱɡ
ƱԱʵУ벹һȥĶģ
ܼγָף˵ȥĶҾȥĶ
ƱԱ̧ͷһۣ˺һƱ˵ٻ顣
ܼγϴǮͳǮݸӹĳƱ
ƱԱתһڳȥڵСӣ׷ﶼ׷ˡ
ܼγϿ˿ĳƱֿ˿ǰͷף覣߹һĨЦ
۵˶ڣҲڣⲻĺû
վף˹ȥ
ûˣһƨȥ
ܼγſף覵ǰкˣɰ
ףԭϵıֽܼγͻȻðʵʵسһ
ô
һۣûйЩˣȴֻͷȵ㲻Ǹİɣ
ܼγϵϹ˵ʲôȥٻ
ףһ㶣ȥٻȥʲô
ܼγϳһ˸ӴŵҪһ档
ףЩɵؿôɰɣ
ܼγϼţóԼĳƱ㲻ҰƱ㿴ǲȥٻǲǣ
ף覿ֻ֤ܵ˵ͷ
ܼγֹüףʵȥĶ
ף覷ıֽ˵Ҳȥٻ
ܼγϼףûԼ˷ܵ˵ǻɣȥٻʲô
ףһĬŤͷʼķ羰
ܼγͻȻأЩ˵ǰ˻ӡ
ף覣㻹ûأ㵽ȥٻʲô˿ܣֿ˿һɻȻһȥҲ㡣
ףЩͷĿԼǰ֣˵ɨĹ
ܼγһ㶣ȥɶ
ףüһһ˵ɨĹ
ܼγϵصڷŵף覵һϡѰ·ɫְ·ټ쿴·ӦòµԾġ
-

310¾

ܼγϰԼ⿪ĲզأǻѾˣܾܲôȻ˶εġ
ܼγʵȥɨ˭Ĺ
Ĺף覿ŴѸٺ˵Ĵ˵磬ٻļգһȥ
ܼγһ㶣Ӻ޲øԼһӡ
֪Ҫ£ղŻôء
ԴӶףԺ󣬾ʹ˲ٺйص顣̼ҵĹϵԼǸ衣
ܼγЩεؿһۣ˵ԣԲ𡣡
үһûǫףֳɹؿĵһΡԽԽ϶Ů˾ġ
ף覵˵Ҫȥ飬ûϵ
ܼγʵôҪӣȥ㲻᲻𣿡
ףɿŴķ羰˵ᡣ
ܼγûٿ˵ֻҪף覻ã˵ʲô䡣ҲԼȥס
һ˻𳵿ʱܾãף覿˻羰Ϊ磬ʱ򣬾⣬λ˯˹ȥ
ȵ˯Ժ󣬲ܼγϲŸҹؿ
ףǵ͵СܼγĵϱȻһ£ԼһֻƾͿȫס
ĵӺãƤİ𪣬һＴ㱣Ҳְס˯ŵʱǸ׽һ㡪ҲΪ˵ЩżĻ
𳵵Ĵûйؽһ洵˽
ܼγվ˳
Ľˣŵʵĵ㡣ܼγһšϲϵζ
ܼγЦЦͷα˯ա
ôƯ赱һҲǸˡ
ʱһ˴Ӻһڳ˹ƺλӡһףߵĿλϡ
ף˯ֱף覵һֱͣףžµϣϵЦݱжˡ
ܼγϵüͷʱһ˶ˡ
˵Сһۣƺһ̧ͷŲܼγϣͼܼγ϶ݺݵضϵĹͷĿ졣
ûأĶðĹӾ͸ռıˣ
ӣ޲
һܼγ϶ʹ˸ҧ˵
˼һǵɷӣҲĺ߿ˡ
ܼγϿ˻˯ףһۣ࣬һб
װԼŮܣȻҲģ
ף覵ߣܼγĵʵҲмְˬ
һ˻𳵵;̫ףҹ˯٣ǰʱЩˣһ˯Сʱѡ
ԺͼԼĲܼγϣ֪ʲôʱԼ˯ˡ
ףһ㶣
ܼγϡ
˲
ףơ
ܼγϡ
ܼγϵƤ˶̧˯ۡ
ףʵôˣ
ܼγ˵ղиߣռˣҸˣˡ
ף覻ɵģ
ѵǳ˯ŵʱ򣬹͵͵ģ
ܼγϴŹǷ˵Ȼϲ㣬ҲûôҪɣõֲֹå
ĵ׵뷨ף򴽡
ܼγ˵𳵿ôãôû
ʱ𳵸պýһСվף覿˿վ˵Сʱŵء
СʱܼγϾˣôôԶ
ף㶣㲻ȥٻôжԶ㲻֪
ܼγɣ̽͵˵ǰ˸ӴŵݣһμҲǵһ
ףֿ˿ܼγϣֿտյĿݣ
ܼγ˵ﵽٻ򲻾ˡҲǶҪݡҪר׼
ףһ㶣ɻʵǣٻǸطкʵİ𣿡
ܼγֲԾ
˵ȻСҴǮģ
ף覸Ц˵Ǻܲصݡ
ȻͷûٺͲܼγϴ
СʱԺ󣬻𳵲ڵվ
ܼγϳ˳վԺ󣬲ף覵ĸЦʲô˼
ٻطǸƶ
ܼγϼûʲô¥·зҲǰ̯ˮСǲСС̶ѵüһطͱǲ˿ɲһǰ㡣
ܼγϺȻһֺܲõԤС
ŤͷףʵرǵĻ𳵣һˣ
ף˵һˡ
ܼγĵһ䣬Բۡ
һ˵Ļ𳵣Ҫܻȥ
طôģ
ף覲֪ĵʲô˵ˣȥݰɡ
ܼγһ㶣Ҫף覣ȴҲõĽڡ
ɲһ찡
ף߳˻վһ͡
-

311ϻ

ʱ仹ʮӣף覾ڳϵš
϶˼˿ͣȵ˾ԤʱܼγͻȻʹ˳ܼγϳɨһۣߵף覵
ףһ㶣ɵסĵطҲ
ܼγͷ˵ǸҸղŸݴ˸绰˵ӵˤˣ춼ȥʡǵĴҽԺˣڼҡûطȥˡȥĶҸһȥ£
ٻҲ̫ˣ治һ졣
һ·ͬУףҪپ֣Ǹɵˡ
ĵ˵ȶϵĻǹɵġ
ܼγϵͷ˵ôɣ
ǻ޳ļЦף覶Ρ
ףû˼Ӧ˵ȥĵط㲻һϰߡңҲûչ㣬ԼŰɡ
ףûֱӾܾĸ棬òܼγеܳ
㲻ߣ
ףʵ·ҼҵģҸ𣿡
ܼγ˵ҪĶϲңɾĸߣҲǻߵġ
Ҳôûɫ֪һЩĽ
ףһ˵Ǿ͡
ܼγϲµҪ˵ʲôæ˵֮ǰ첻УѾӦҸˣ
ʲôȻô졣
˼˼˵䣬ôܵأ
ף֪ûôףƳһۣת򳵴ķֲˡ
ܼγϿף覵ĲЦЦף覻Ǻ˵ҲǻɨĹͳû˼Ӧˡ
ֻҪƿԼ͹˵ˡ
ڲܼγϰԸ˵ʱ֪ףĵҪôܰȰߡ
ߣֻ뿪ٻҪ
һʱദף覷ֲܼγеۣ׼ʲôͲġ
֪ǻιŲԸ֡
֪ܼγϺԼǲнģôҲܵŲܼγϡ
οһҪˣͲܼγôǣ壬Ҳܹ鲻Ǹ¶ȥ˭˵һ¡
СʱĴͣһĴͣ¡
ף˳ܼγ³󣬾ͼԶԶһƬСΧɵҰ䡣
ֵƻ裬˼˴̡
·߶ǿݻƵҰݣСһ䡣ڣﶼѾոˣڴڵĵ￴ҲһƬߡ
ĴѾˣףԼԶС߹ȥ
˶ף覶İżһϳˣҲֵĲǺ飬ֻǷܵصͷƿˡ
ⷬܼγϵЩ⡣
ʶף覣ߵﶼϲĹ
ֱ˱ܿĳ棬ǵһμ
ѵϲ
ܼγ׷ף覵ĽŲʵﰡ
￴Ҳ̫˰ɣȻҲҲûôĵط
ף˵ٻһСӣϻ塣
ϻܼγĴ˿·Ҳûʲô
СҼһͥԺﶼ˻ף˵ڣҲʲô
ܼγ˵֪ϻſ
Ҳкܶ໱ϻǲİġ
Ӻ󣬴Ҵ·˵ʱУֻҪûвǲˡ
·Ҳǻ·߼ЬӾˡܼγϵͷһԼĺƤЬеۡ
Ϊ˺ף覴һԼЬˡ
ףƿĴƧһǡ
Χгֵ˼ԽԽ٣ֱܼγϵǰֻʣһϾưܵķӡ
ϾɵӿŻݳɵǽǿϦ֮£һӵˣԼĹȣִŵĲϵ¡
ף観Ϸ߹ȥܼγЩ졣
Сʱסĵط
ף覴ӿڴͳԿףѾʼ
ϷӵΥѾõˣľŶ֨ѽһ졣
ܼγϻЩŵʵң
ף覵ͷš
ſտյСԺԼһûɨҶܼγ϶֪˵ʲôˡ
ʱף˵ǰҼҵԺһĻһرȣˣһĲСһҼҵĻǵʱڣڿ
ܼγĴһȦ˵Ժǿյİ
ף˵Ƕ˵ǴǰҴˤ֮˾Ͱǿˡ
ܼγʵʲôʱ飿
ף覿ſյͥԺ˵ʮһꡣ
ӵеʮһꡣ
ܼγЦЦûССͻѧڿǶׯĺ
ǰһǸСú
ף覵˫ֲ¶˫Ŀ˵лȥĻʱһѧġ
-

312г

ܼγ˵ΪʲôŮҲǿԻһ
ף˵ˤԺһ˺ܾáӿĵˣһЩҲͼǲˡҲһԵǼ죬ˡ
ܼγһ㶣ô
Լ죬ܼγǰ׳հ
֪ԣôôЩʵ⡣
ף覵ͷ˵ʱܺڣûпһ档ʱҲ룬Сʱܹһ㣬ǲǾ֪赽ôġ
֮ǰһֱɱģԺǷѵĻûô򵥡
֪飬һҪ
Ҫ֪˭ĸס
ܼγĬĬԽԽѹæתƻôңҪȻʰʰ
ףʵʰʲôҪסﰡ
ܼγɻס𣿡
ף˵Ӻöûסˣǻģݶ©ˮס˵ϴкҵļңôһס
ܼγʵʲô
רſһԺ
ףƳһۣ߹Ժƿ˷š
ƵһŴһӣһͷ̨һӣųҾȻȫˡ
ϰһλǰһСС¯
ܼγ̽ͷһдף֡
ף覵ĸף
ף߹ȥӳóһ㣬ûȼ֧λǰ档
ףλǰһ
ܼҳʵҪҪҲݰݣ
ȻǸˣ߻𾴵ġ
ף覿һۣ⡣
ܼγҲ߹ȥһ
ݹףλԺڴڵдסһ
˵дȴªĲС
ôҲ˯ĴⶼѾܲˡϾףǰļѾƾˣһʱҲɲãסҲС
ǳдҲûбĵطѡ
һϲܼγʼû˯ţͣػףվ˵ǷؿһֱƵġ
Ǵף覴ǰ飬ǴۼǰĵطЩܼγϵӰ죬չǲһġ
طӵйٻأ
ûôҪһ˵ףǵһֲ벻ֻδͬĹȥһ롣
ȻĽܹСʱͺһطɳܹûпף覴ǰӡ
ܼγϱԼ뷨Ūķҡ
һֱ賿㣬û˯š
ܼγϳűӸǹͷǿԼҪ꣬侲
죬һҪúõĺףġҪֵıȽã
ͬʱƿϸŵıӣߵ˴ߡ
ޱߵҹɫҹﴵȴǸоһڴվá
¹ս̧ϵһӡ
һԽȻ󣬵ȴܾ£һ֪ǳԼվտϽ֮֡
һרܻΪ֪ˡ
ǶԶ˳˼
û֪ʲô˵ġ
ãźϺӣת߻˴ߡ
ûȥ¶ˡ
д˯һҹףûŲܼγȥɨĹڶĺ磬Ϊ˽ܼγ˦Լȥ
ϴһɾ·Щ߳ӡ
֪ճдſڣͼվ·Ĳܼγϡ
ܼγнŲͷһףЦҲˡ
ףһ㶣ôô磿
ܼγ˵гԣһֱĺ簡
ף㶣Сһ˵Ӧöǲ˯ʮһ㲻ôڷܵе߸Բܼγϵ֪
ܼγЦеģһ˫۾۴еء
ܼγ˵Ķƨ
ϸû˯ţ˯˲СʱܼγϾͱԼˡףΪ˦ڶһ뿪д
طزģҪףˣȥΪף覶ӱܵٻˣԲףŪȻǹһ
뵽Щܼγ̤ʵ˯ˡ
Ϊ˲ף˦ܼγֱ𴲣дſڡ賿㣬һֱ׵ף観׵ֽűøðˡ
ܼγϿһףŵĶչȥ˵Ұ㡣
ףæ㿪ܼγ֣áԼԡ
ɼ⣬ܼγƲƲ죬УԼá
ףƹŴĴɽȥ
ܼγϽɫȴǰ˺ܶ࣬һ·Ҳûе٩ֻǾظɽߡ
ӰŲŲƽ̹·ʧɽ
-

313ֻҪ˵Ҿ

ףĵطһƬɽ
˵ǸطķˮãһĵطԱȡ
ܼγϸף˺ܳһʱ䣬ûмףĹǺҲû¡
ֻһͳˣһֱߵ磬ߵĶˡֵ̫ͷţһɽ綼ﴵܼγȵָֻܲͣԼȷ硣
ܼγϿǰһƬߵɽʵжòŵ
ףеؼǰߣһҲƣӡ
ܼγʱЩССһֻʲôҲС
ף˵߲˾ţøҡ
ܼγֱͦ˵һСﶼߵö˵߲ǴȥЦôһСء
ף˵ƽʱ˹ûЦ㡣
ܼγ˵ûЦҲߵöүܺǿġ
ƺף覲ţܼγϻһԼļ⣬ף覿ûпһۡ
ܼγʵƬɽǻɽôһ·һˣ
ǻɽֱĿ֮ɼһƬǰũСʱ˺ܶ
ܼγŤͷ˿ӲݴһҲûũӡ
ûֶˣݶ쳤˸ˡׯճɲãЩũˣȫǴ𣿡
ףҡҡͷ͵ǣƬغܷʣ֮ûֵΪƬر˰Բˣһɽͷˡ
ܼγЦһɽ˭ô뷨
ףָָԼҡ
ϻ˶ϲ裬ǮˣͰһɽͷñ˲衣
Ƭضġ
ܼγϿһۣ㻹ǸŮ
һֲ˵¾Ȼһɽ
Щż̳мҵģҲûʲô˲𣬵ЩԼģ˺ܾˡ
Ҫ׼һүҪԱˡ
һΣǰͳһ¡ǺܾûϳӲݣףĹ
ףߵĹǰӣʼӲݡ
ܼγϼ״Ҳ߹ȥŰβݡ
ף˵ȥǱϢɣò㡣
ܼγϣ⡣
ֻҪԸ⣬˭Ҳܲף覺á
˺ܿͷӲݣף覰ѼĶ˳
ܼγ˵һȥףĹǰ˰ݡ
ЩֽǮ꣬ף˵裬ĶһȫҪġ
ܼγʵ˵ʲô
ףվ˵ǰ̼Щ˴ߵĶ
ܼγͷЩɿʵ촽
ʵЩҪ
ף覿һֵۣͷĬƬ̡
ЩӦúͲܼγ˵ˡ
ܼγϣϲҵİɣ
ףվɽϣϵĽô⧲ʳһòܼγϾȵ⡣
ΪףŮӦģׯģʧִġףʳ⣬Ҳû뵽ġ
Ҳ֪ǲǸղų̫ڣһ˲ˡ
һֱ쵽ӣһֻз
ʱҪˣǶûӡ˵ϲһøĴ𰸡
ǲܼγ֪ǲĴ𰸡
ŲӲ˵ϲϲ㣬ôǲҪңҪϲʲôģҲһȷϲҵɣܲš
ƽ͵̸̸ɡף˵
ܼγϿ˿ף覽ԼѾǺܲˣҪ̸ܾҲԵԼ̫ûзˡ
ܼγ˵ð̸ʲô
ף覷һʯͷ£̸һʵƽĶۣ˽٣
ܼγҲٰɡ
Ȼʲô֪Ҳʲô
ףʵϲʲô֪𣿡
ϲܼγ
ʱ׷ףܣһദʱȴ࣬ף覵ϲҲ֪֮١
ף覼ʵϲֻǰ֪𣿡
ܼγȻ֪𰸡
ܼγϷ֣ôȥԼ̫ˡ
˵ЩǲֻҪӴܻһ˽ġЩ⡣
ף覼ؾᣬ˳Ļ˵ã㰴˵ģЩö⣬˽٣ҵĹȥͥϵԸ֪ʲô
ܼγ˵ԸҾ˽ⰡĵֹۿʣġȻҲһ־ҡôϲ¡ڹȥ
ܼγϻͷһĹ˵ֻҪԸңҲԸ
ף覿۾˵ڸ㣬Ҫ֪𣿡
ĿͣһȪ
ܼγһ㶣ף覡ģҪԼ
ܼγ˵ֻҪ˵Ҿ
-

314మ

ףͷϵİ˵Сʱϻ峤ģʹСһûа֣ߵﶼС۸С۸ңҲңҶָָġ
ܼγ򴽣˵ŴǰĹ¡
ףЦЦܼγһ㶡
˵˵Ĺ£ΪʲôҪЦ
ʱȴף˵ˡ
ܼγһ㶡
ף覼˵ʱС۸Ҳ÷֪ĨᡣһʱںӱߣһҲǹ¹µһˡ
ҳô󣬵һһˡ
ͺµǰǻããѩԭͻȻһŻָо
Һܿĵȥѣľһ΢Ĵһչҡ
裬ңֹ߳κ˶Ҫᡣ
еԼأչеϲԭеɺͲ㡣
֮ǰҴûôůĵˡ˵ҵͯΪ׵ȱʧںһսĹ⡣
ҶԲůϣĿĴɽǶתתǧٻضᶪ
ܼγף覵Ļĺһᶼûл
ʵô϶ֵã
ֵáף˵ϵκ˶ֵáΪҲûбĹµΪҲӵ˱˶ӵе顣
ܼγϲͷ˵Ǹ磬Ҳһôչ㣡
磬һʣ֮Ĺϵ
ף̧ͷ˵ܼγϣһңֳ֮ܲŮ֮飬ʵܡֵıκ˶
ܼγһ㶣šüף覡
˵ҵʧǶʱŬķ򣬶Ϊǵط׼ҲطʱһֻǽʹǰһĴ磬ָһֱڷ仯
ܼγȻĬš
ף覼˵ҲٴסҵֵʱҲͷҶͷʱ֮طԺҾڿʼѧųİ
ܼγʵϲֻΪСʱ㣬𣿡
ףҡҡͷ˶ġΪģԶԶֹЩ
ΪжĵطҲ顣
ף˵ΪҪʱ򣬰ҡ
֪ʱûгʲôӣԲܱڸá
ôܼγ˵Ҳ԰㡣
ףһ㶡
ܼγ˵ҲڿңҲ̫ףֻҪԸһвϲĵطҶȥġ㲻ϲС죬ҲһĹ뿪֡
ֻҪףϣͿΪЩ
ܼγ˵һʱһжڹⶺ㣬һЦǡ
֪ġף˵˲ܼγһֱ˵һ仰
ܼγһ㶣ԼǰŮˡ
ף˵Ӻܾ֮ǰҾѾҵĸˡҲ㣬ҵ̬ûаϵ
ף˵ֻǴģˡ
ĵѾװһˣͲٸһڳһǰĵطǸҲһ
ĵѾװԲܼγϾٶ࣬ҲǶġûκε塣
ף˵ĺܳһʱ䣬Ҷûк˵ʱҲߣҲŽش߳Ҫʱ򣬳ҵߡҲԼδȥůͬƽ
ͬ࣬ȱʧһůҪӵˡ
ѾӵˣҲҪͬȵȥӵ
ҪԼеůҲҪ۸һҪʱͦ
ϣΪӳһüͷϣƽϲ֡
ִѡԭ
ܻ뿪ҲԲܷ֮ĸ顣
ף˵Ҳ˷ʱ䣬ҲĸκλӦΪ˵޿ȡġϣһ㣬ȻȥһϲĹҪ׷ˡ
ܼγϵʹ۵ײκεĹ⡣
ף覻湻ݵġ
Ϊ˲Լ׷Ȼѻ˵ô
ף򴽣߹˵ϵӣת뿪Ĺء
ʱ򣬲ܼγȴеԼôִϲƾʲôҪҷ
һ˫ȭͷ
ףܴĻʺͷŭͷŲܼγϣɽ紵ĳ
ڻһƬУĻͷ˲ܼγϡ
ף˵Ϊమš
మţԿԳþõһ
ܼγϣԲܼγϵ׷Զн
-

315ֱ̲

ܼγһֱԼһӲݴǰһƬ˹Ͻɽһ
ҲԼδҲʹǰʮһԵػȥ
ֱһƬӲУδʱһɫĻ
Ӳó涼һԼĽ䣬ȥȴĵԽԽ
ף覾Ƕ俪ĵ׵ĻССһ䣬覡
ǶôۣƲĿ⣬Ҳ
仨Ϊš
ֻǡ·ʢʱڣǡÿҪΪһչֵá
ף覵ӰѾʧվԭأʼտף뿪ʱķ
صϻʱѾ硣
ܼγǲģôһˣܲܶˡ
رǵĻ𳵣Ҫܴϡʣµʱ䣬ܸɵ顣
ףǻصдԼӱǴһӪƷȻŴβȥ
ΧСֺǺǵĳЦ
ף覿ڴǣͳȫָǡСһӵǹˣףЦЦ̧ǰߡ
ĿĵһϷӡ
Ϸӵſڣһ̫̫ϣϳһϾɵĹȡ
̫̫ϵ̫࣬ҲĲʣʼչŴЦݣ߹ÿһ˵ͷ⡣
ף観˹ȥǰ
̡ףЦŽе
̫̫㶣ɢؿ
ǲ𣿡ףϵ˫ָ֣ԼıǼ˵ңǰȥҳԷСѾͷ
С£
̫̫һŽ¾۽ף覵ϡǲ˼飬۵¶Ĺ⡣
ߵʱôСһôôˣ
ףЦЦôˣҲóѽ
Ҫף覣ϻЩ꣬ûʲôֵҵˣһǰλ̡
ףʱףó£Թ˲Ͼʱ
Ϊ˲ף鷳ʱûдף覻صףңѡϻ
Ǹһ˴ӵŮˣǱƲģҲᱻƲ
ףΪ˸ף覣ԺûãͿʼѧСҺڡ
ףʱ򣬸տʼСѧ
ףΪǮҪʡˣϳţܻ
ףʱ򻹲ף÷ڹȥԡ
ǶﷹĿ죬ķȥ͸ˡ
ֱ̲֪ԺܽףǼȥԷЩʱףֱ̲ݲչˡ
ףף覾ͻףҡļǵãʱֱֻ̲Ƿż˿ѣû뵽ڶѾͷ׷ˡ
ֱ̲˵ܶûˣҶҪϲˡѾͷԽԽ־ˣҪǻϻ壬һǴĴ廨
ף覵ͷ˵ʵÿ궼лֻǴûнѡ
ףȥǼ꣬ϻ嶼һءÿֻҪ͸оԼ̣Ժ
żյʱҲֻڴͣһͣɽϵķһ¾뿪
ֱ̧̲ף覵ʵѾͷλҪð
ף˵ûãߡ滹Ҫˡ
ֱ̲ݲؿ˵ôżҿסһ졣̫һû˴ǴǰҸǰʱá
ף覶Ĺ¶
ףСʱֱ֪̲һӣӽǴ仧Ժ˭ֱ̲ȥһ˵ԼڳĲס
ֱ̲Ѿʮˣһסϻڵʱ򣬶ܻһۡ
ֻû뵽ôȥˣֱ̲ݻһˡ
ֱ̲ݲΡΡŹվ˵ߣл˵
ףƷֱ̲ݽϷ
ֱ̲ݸף覵һˮΪ·ȵˮ͵ף覵ʱ˲١
ֱ̲˵ˣֽŶˣҲ֪ʲôʱͽˡ
ףЦ˵ĵһ᳤ġ
ֱ̲ݺһ˭Ҳ˵׼ǼǼͲϹͷء
ף覷еĲ豭ֱ̲¡
ֱ̲ݿı£Цôˮ飬ҲˣǲҲˣ
ףЩ˼˵Ѿˡ
ֱ̲ЦǺǵʵ˭ҵСӰ
ף򴽣ͷߵʶģǰһĴ磬
̫̫˻ͷʱˣͷ˵ǸСӰҼǵáÿɾʱؼòð
ףЦ۾С
áرá
-

316²ҵ

ǰ;ãû뵽Ȼߵһˡһ𳤴ĺӺãһ𳤴ĺ֪֪׵ġǻˡ
ֱ̲Խ˵Խ񣬾ͺڽ̵ԼŮһС
ʱȻһŮ˵Ŀ޺Ů˵İܲңԼƺںʲôˡ
ףУߵſҪһ
ֻһͷҵŮ˴ӽβһڴĴܣŮ˿ʮꡣ
һ׷ܣܻ߽еأǻؼҰɣˡ
Ů˵ڴϵÿһߣеҪҵĶӡ
۹۽סŮ˵ĸ첲ҪŮȴһһؽţɣҵİأȥĶˣ
ǸŮ˽еʹףʵŮôˣ
ֱ̲̾һأ֮ǰˣ˴̼ôЩһֱģʱѣʱͿʱʱʹӼܳ˵ҪҺӡ
ף˵Ҳǿʲôʱģ
ֱ̲˵Ƕʱ䡣˵Ҳӣ˰ңԺˮѰɵʬҵˣ֪С̰棬ȥӾˮˡ
ףɻ¶ô֪
ʱѾСˣСˣӦüǵõѽ
ֱ̲ݽ͵ʱɱֵ÷зģһˮˣҲû˵⡣Ժ㲻Ǿ뿪ϻô϶˵ˡ
ף覿űߵİʵˮʱˣ
ֱ̲һ㶣Ťͷף˵Сʱ򣬺ӰĻͦõѽ㲻ǵˣ
ףøɻֱ̲ݣϵӾȡ
ѣ
ֱ̲ݵͷ˵ǰһ͵ѽɺ㣬ǸСӣСʱһġ
ףʲôʱ飿ôһ䶼ûУ
ļԾ㲻ǾѣҲһһĻ鶼ǵõĵزɣ
ֱ̲ݿףʵ벻̲סЦˣôôһ̫ţӴ
ףͷʵûӡ󡣡
˵仰ͷؼҵİؿף覣ͻȻɷ򣬳ף˹
ؽ߬ף覵һ˫ͨ۾ףʵҶأҶȥĶˣ㿴ҼҰûУ
ףһҪأԼǰŮˤˣֻҡͷû
ֱ̲һף覱ץסæص˵أҵĿˣҪҰɣȥĵطҰɡô֪Ķأ
صɷҲ׷˹˵أǸϽؼҰɣ
ؿҡͷ˵ȥôȥ˾Ͳأ˵ôͲ
صҲصķŪþƣôһֱȥҲһĺľ
˵ˣ缸ǰˣ
ر߿ޱ˵˵ûôˮɺģȥˮĵطӾģƭң
ֻҪԼ飬˵ʲôûá
Լʮ»̥ĶӣôûˣǻĸĶܲˡ
ף覿أĵģȴ֪Ӻΰο
ضڵϿ޸ͣȻ˹ȥصæ˱˻ȥ
ףʵҪҪȥ
ֱ̲˵ӴҲһˡôأǰĵܣݣˡ
ף覱ֱ̲Žݣ̾һ
ֱ̲ݼһ磬ףҪ˲Żصд
ԶԶף覾ͼܼγ϶дſڣʯͷڵϻʲô
ף߹ȥͷһŷֲܼγϲڻд֡
дǣ˼ⳤ䣬˼֪˰ģ統Īʶ׵ʫ
һֺ֣Ȼмִҵķ緶
ףЩؿŲܼγϣͷˮƽͦߣ
ܼγһʣͿף覵ȹڡ
̧ͷһŷףһֲ˼Լ
ܼγվЬڵϲͣĦͼѵϵָ
ף覾ܾôɴ࣬Ųдֶ
ĶԼˣ˿˶ඪˡүôᣬôܻĽף覺İ顣
ף覿һۣ޵ʫֵдҲ
ܼγ⻰òԾʵҵû飬ҵСˣ
ף覵ͷűü˵Ǽ֣˵ӣҲӦǶģǲҵһ㣬ҲûΪɡ
-

317Ͳܹܹ

ܼγһ˵˭ѱ˿ˣ˵Ҳ˽㣬Ҳж˽ҡ
ף覸͵˵ǣүʲôһССϰ壬ôܰˣ
ܼγһϲ˹ά֪Է˵ĶĻҲϲ
ף覵ⷬάôô̶أ
ܼγɨһۣ㻹˵Լ˵İɣּٻ˶ġ
ףգգۣһĿԼ˵Ķﻰһ
ǲܼγĺܣ߻ƭˣ
ܼγʵȥĶˣ㲻ϲңҲҪҰɣҶСʱˣ
ף観Ͽҵ˵ˣҲȥһǰչҵ̣˶ٷûж㡣
˵̧ͷ˲ܼγһۣĵ׻Լ֮ǰ˵ĻȥûС
Ǵϣף̽ʲôֱֻ׵ʵ֮ǰ˵Щ
ܼγ˵Ҫ£ģҲͷˣҵ׻ϲϲ飬ҲҪҡ
ǸôҪĸԼ뱻˸棬Ҳͬ뱻ף覸档
ҪܹɵĲϲףˣǲйء
ף覿һۣӦͨˣ˵㡣
ֻҪԼǰڣǾͺܺˡҲûȨܼγϵɡ
ܼγʵɲˣʶôˣܲˣ
ף룬˵ɡҲҡ
ܼγһиѵûã
ǾͿȥԸһ˳Եıˣһûأ
㻹ûԷ
ܼγϳǰСȥ˵ⲻһֱڵҿɱҪˣһģȴԼһȥԷ
ܼγһСǰϰҪɰ棬һ̰ӡ
ף覰˵һ͹ˣҳԱˣˡ
ܼγ˵ʲôأ붼ҵģ˷㲻֪
ף̧һƣУԡҲ
ֻͷϰ˵ټһ뵰
ܼγϿһۣĺһ
ܿͶ˵˲ܼγǰܼγϱܾôףĵʵһֱһ
ǲȴֲҺףͻֻЩСף覵ע⡣
Ժ󣬲ܼγϺԵżһӸھ
ף覿ǸӣѵôԻҭġ
㶮ʲôܼγ˵˳Է͵źʲô
ףεҡҡͷҨǰĵҲûкһڡ
ܼγϼڳаӣûھͱӸҭסˡܼγϱһͨ죬ףæǰ׼õĵ˹ȥ
ܼγ𵰻͹˼ڣڰǰסɤ۵İӸȥ
ף˵͸˵ҭס˰ɣš
ܼγϵĿֱǰղűף覴˴ĵֿף覣ΪԼ׼ġ
ܼγϵıһᣬĵ׸ʹˡ
ģôϸᣬˡ
ϲһ԰߿ͺѽôáõҪ԰ˡֹӶһƫƫĵˣ
ϱ𣬷ôôõĹһֱϲ
ܼγԭףһԷĺʱ뷨˴룬Ŀ˵ˣˡ
ף覿һۣ۵ôôС˵ԾͲˡ
ܼγϸ˻ҩһǺǳԱ¡ôϻôడ
ףúҲûָܼγжôϧʳٴ˵㡣
ǲܼܲγϵģզզġ
ʹ֣ǵòܼγһʹ졣
ʲôѽҪ
ܼγϸӲ˵ʵͲܹܹң
ף覱ʵһ㶣ʵΪʲôҪ㣿
Ͳܼγ֮䣬ǿԹܼܲγϵĹϵɣʲô£
ܼγϱף覵Ļһ£ؿڵǿϲˣһӣת뿪Сݡ
ף覿ϵĲи˵򴽣ܼγϸղûǮⷹǮ
룬үǴһֺ̣
˻дףڽ֮ǰԲܼγѵϰ˵㣬һرǵĻ𳵣ҪȥĻˡ
ϻ嵽ٻҪһСʱĴܴ֮ͣٻ𳵻رǡ
㷢Сʱһ೵Ϊ˸ϰ˵Ļ𳵣ֻܸһ˴ϳ
ܼγҲ˵ذΪʲôء
ףЦе˵ǺǣǸٻݣǻûô
ܼγһ㶣Ǳ˾סСβһƿŶ˽ȥ֪ϹĽڣף覻ô׵óʾеˡ
-

318³

磬ף覸ʰöž
ܼγϱûʲôҲҪʰϴ˰͹ˡ
ף϶˷ţܼγϵͷһףϵĶҪȥᣬȴףһ㿪ˡ
ԼͿˡף˵
ԽܣǾȻҪ֡
ܼγѾףûƢˣת˵߰ɡ
뿪дŴȥ
ɽ峿ˮأɵģ·ߵҰݼһſ͸¶顣
ʱ仹磬̫
·Բʱһܼγףߣĵ׾ȻҲһִûй뷨ҪǺףһ𣬺һҲ
ĵףһ㣬ףȴʱͻȻͣ˽Ų
ܼγһ㶣̧ͷһŷǰӭһˡ
峿ı֮У˳˹Ĳĺܴһɫķ´ϣ˱ͦΰ
ףģʧ񣬶ҪԼǲû˯Σ߹ȥ˲ȴƽȡ
ܼγϴֶʱ桢
ףԼûпԺ˷ܵ
磡
ף覶ֱߵԥس˹ȥײ˸Ϊͣ˻ŶԷת˰Ȧ󻹵ÿסǵΡ
һ˲䣬ܼγϿһֱûܿĲõЦ
СֻǰŻŵôɰ
һֽסһֵһĶͷѵˣôıģ
ܼγվһ˵ĲǲмúõһСˣ
ף覺һͷһۣܼγϰ°Ϳ·ԵҰ
Ȼף覵ͷ˵ģһ·϶ʯͷˤ˻۵Լ
ף覣ţе
ܼγϣ
۵ˣһǰʯͷ
ʯͷļ̣û߶Լǰһ£ˤ
ףżǵز˲ĶͷϲʵôͻȻͳˣһΪûл
û˵Լһ·ڣֻǵ˵ıǼ˵Ȳ㣬ԾͳˡǼҹ⼸ô
ܼγϲͷس㲻ͦõġʲô֪ģҶܻش㡣
⼸仰Եԣף覲˵Ľеܼγϣ
δ룬ܼγϲҪıڴԡ
һף覽ܼγϾء
ףŭصһۣͷסֽ͵㲻Ҫ˵Ǹһ𳵲ġ
˵ûϵһ޹ʹ·˵Ļǲġ
ܼγϵ˲Ȼ˵޹ʹ·ˣ
ͷʵݹףˣ
ף覵ͷӦš
˵Ҫ͸㡣
ӿڴͳһСӣݵף覵ǰ
ܼγϷ˸ۣ˼ĸ׵ļոչæʲôë⻰û˵ҲڶƱһ¶ѡ±ף覴
ףһ£ôͻȻ
˫ֲڶ˵򿪿֪ˡ
ף覴СһŵһԽ
ܼγϳû͵һۣĵ͵Ҳʲô˲ĶôүأһԽҲ̫Сˡ
һ͸ףһõģһףָȫһΣ
ףڿһԶԺֳĴȴԶܼγϵ
ؿźĶһ˫鶯۾졣
Σף覿ʵ𣿡
ףСʱףȻңȴҲֻǿڡһʲô飬ܰǱûǮԷľ·
һף覷˸գòǮףͰԼļױˣǮף覿ҩ
ף覴Ժ󣬾ҲûмԶ
˵ͷѾȷϹˣȷף̴ǰļױ
ܼγһ㶣㵵ؿǶԶ԰Ȼһֺƣ
ףʵҴǰ궼ûҵôҵģ
˵ף̵ѶһˣǸְԶ͸ӣʱǡڳǰʱ˵˴ӳҾͻȥ˲˲飬ҵǸˡȻ˵Ǯˡ
ףʱʧԭ
ȥΪ˰
Ϊǻȥ⣡
üʵ㡭ϲ
ϲףץСӷŵԼĿڣ˵رϲ
-

319ر

ɽ峿к⣬һ紵ףһ顣
ϵףף覹
߹ȥף覵Խܼγϣסף覵ļ˵䣬Ȳ˵ˣȻٻ
ܼγǰһҪף˵һ仰ףѾˡ
ٻվȥǵĻ𳵻дСʱŷ˾ںȡ
ף覺һܼγЩ룬ʱʱ͵ףһۣԺȻֱף覵һ࣬ס˲ܼγϵߡ
ܼγһ㶣үòôְɣ
ȼ˫ֱŸ첲Ĳ˵
ʱף覴յʵһλûС٣
ͷףһۣ۵׸ֳЦ⣺Դˣ
ףû˵ԼԴףȴصѵϲ㡣
˼Ҷ˵ֻвŬСûڲǽǡרһˣҲһڷŮ˵鹴
СٸµĸоܲãһλôãûһЩ뷨
Ŀǰ˵û棬֪һˡ
ףһ㶡
˵ߵŮ˶˾£οôԸûñ֪һǶԶ֮Ҿֱӻˡ
ŮĲף覵ĵ飬ҲԼֳ߳ףκŮˡ
žµС˵˵֮ǰ˵顣
ף˵ţթƭӲʱ£Ѿˡ
̧СԴĵؿ佱ҼҹԽԽܸˡ
ףСβͶǿɲ
һƮƮȻӣЦôܸɣԺҡԺ͸ɴɢСˡ
ף覿ʵ𣿡
˵ͷǸռ׷ԺһŵʱҾͿر𽾰ĸ˽˵ҼҹǼҵǮģˡ
Ȼ֪ܷǿ˵һף覶ˡ
ףſļͷ˵˵Ҹ˵¡
ڵƼ΢΢ͷģһֱСè䣬ɰ̲סҪȥѡ
ף˵ϲʶһаɵˣ
ϵЦһ
˵ʲô
ףһ˫۾˵ɣСʱһ𳤴һӵ֣Ǹϲʶ
һ𳤴˵ǺͰĲӦЩӡġ
ɫ˳ϵ˫Ҳ
ôͻȻ飿
ʶף覲ôһӡûУ
Ŀ𴦣ܿף覵˵ļԲǺܺá
˵䣬ĴָʳָϵĦš
ܼγע⵽С۵͸˼ɻʲôף˵˺ر
ף˵˵֣ﾹȻһҲǲˡ
³һͲǺܵ飬һʱ䣬֮ûʲôˡ㲻ǵò֡
ף˵ĺ˵ôһ˵ǰǺܲѡ
ʲôˣ룬Űƺʹǰչף覵ֱ̲˶Ϻš
ü㶼ǵõˣʹ˼ǴҲпܡ
ףҲпܣļѾǲˣǲסˣһ͵Ȼ׻ˡ
ף˵˵ˮġԺؾͷˣҲǿǲǵǸʲôģ
һۣͦݵģûʲôرĵطͻȻһֱʲô
ӣƺڽͰйصĻ⡣
ף覺ٴϿֲͷ͵һλȥҼ̣ðɵĸ֣ܵҿˡǸӣҲǵˣ㡣
˵ǰǺǼҾûжٽ뿪ϻԺҶǼҵûйעˣǵҲǺ˽⡣ºҲûйϵˡ
ף覿Ը̸飬ֻܿһ⡣
ļ˵һһһر顣
ȻϻʲôмֵϢֻҪǺͰйص飬Ը̸
ʵʲôˣ
ף˵ȥݷ̵ʱʹһ⣬Ϊʲôôչң̸һҲŵ顣
-

320»ܴ

ף覿˵ңչңһʼΪôңһûиסΪ̼һˣϻչҡ
¶ֲ죺ģ
̼ҵô۸ĸŮҲûиǹչˣȻڱĵİǣЩš
ףĵ˵ͷ
˵ʱԼš
ΪԼ벻̼ͨ˭ôá
ʵǸ˭ʳ𣿡
ףҡҡͷûʳҲ֪
ü
ף˵ֻ˵ʱͻȻһȥҪæչңȻÿ¶һСǮֻǵãǸ֮ǰи˽ҲӦ̼ҵˡ
ǳ̼⣬ףԾǶһ֪
˵Ҫ𣿡
ԥƬ̺˵Ҫһ棬̸̸Ҳ֪Ϊʲôչҡ
һжˣף覲ǡ
˵̼ҿԱ̫ˣôһƺѲ˭չ㡣
ףҲһ㣬Щյ˵ǰֻˡһǿŪЩġҸоοǣ̼ԭ˶ңԭһԸҡ
飬һ˶ųʱһڱ͵͵ذ˵һĶ顣
ʱף覺ȻǰĻվ̨߳һϤӰһȻ´
´߳վԶҲף覣΢΢һ㶣ף˹ȥ
´üͷʱšվ´ߵףǰ֮ǰף覵ǰ档
´һ㶣ĵôԣҲûмǰߣŅֺ̀ף覴˸к覣ɰ
ףʵôٻ
´˵ⲻļյҴ̼ҵˣݼһ¡
ף
Ƴһۣ˵ǰݼҲֲ㡣
´֪̼гɼô˵ҲֻЦеض˵ͼˡ
ʵҺ𣿡
´ٲȻһȸһļ򣬡֪㲻ϲ̼ң覺̼Ҿ㲻ˣԵϵҲڵġԺҪ飬ⲻ˺̼Ҵ򽻵˲ҪôƢ
һûʸ˵Եϵˣ𣿡
Ϊһ̼ĺӣ´һϣԶǱ˹Ķ̴
´һ㶣ϵЦ̡
ֻһףû˼һģѣ㲻ôš
͵òŸƣһǾ仰̼ҵˣһš
´Ļ˵ƯҲ´нӴ覵Ļᡣ
´ĬĬŤͷףʵȥһĸףӦûɣ
ףԥƬ̣ҪӦ˵ˣȥͺãٻҲӭ㡣
ף覿˿һֱʵôˣ
ƽĶۣ´ȷ̼һȺġĸףҲûʲôãĸ׵ķͷ¡
ô͸˻ҩһô
´һĺƢܱӸߣףף覵ĸףûзôôžܾ
仰˵Ͳܡ
ֱض´˵ҵδޣʸ
ףһ㶣᲻ȥһЩԭľ쵽ôˣöе㲻ǰʶ
´˵һֱ̼ܶҵˣкܴ
˵ô
˵ڿн棬ԽԽš
ʱվͻȻƱԱĺȥǵĻҪˣûϳĳ˿Ϳˣץʱ䰡
ף覼״´˵壬Һ͸Ļ𳵿ҪˣǾˡ
ףæߣܼγƵػε˹ȥ
Ĵ򣬲Ƶһֱ׷´ֱӰ˵סҲΪֹ
˻𳵣ϵһ㺮ⶼû
ףĶʵ磬Զǲǹֽˣ
⿪ڵĿ˵̼ҵˣҲϣӽ㡣
ףҧҧã̼ҵҲǻˡ˵ģ̼Ҳչ˹ˡ
ףֱԵղŶڳվʱĵʵ룬չҵˣ᲻
-

321´ʳ

̼ҵˣ´ףһֱܺá
Ҫ̼ҵЩѡһչˣף覾ôֻ´
ֱ̲ݸʱף覵һ뵽Ҳ´´ٻĸף͸ܿ´ġ
̧ͷһۣѵ̼ҵ˱Ҫ޳ܵĶ࣬ҪΪ;ǶȮҲҪǰԻˡ
ףʵ磬ôϲ´𣿡
˵Ǹ岻ǺˣԽԶԽá
ף˵̼Ҷõһˡ
סŸ磬粻ƭ㡣Ժ´йص飬㶼վԶԶģҪȥ֡ԼҲҪȥ־롣
ף覿ܾ̬ػˡ
̼ҵ˶ѺãҲûҪ´ҲһΣ´Ӵ
˶ԺΣա
ǲ֪ʲôͶйص飿ףʵ
˵ûУֻҵĸоܲá翴˵ֱǸԸң´
ף覺ԥ˵Ȼ㡣
һһص˱ǣܼγһ·һͲͷˡһվ³뿪ˡ
춼ڻվ׵㣬͵Ųܼγϻû뵽컹ĸ˸ȵˡ
һܼγϾӭȥ
ܼγķ͸ô
˵үˡֳˣȥأĴҲҾֻڻվ׵ˡ
һ˵꣬ͼף覺Ҳӳվ˳ʱײܼγһ˵׸ȥˡ
ܼγʵʲôˣ
˵Ҷҵйϵе㲻ô
һᵽҶңܼγϾ뵽ҶӢ֮ǰ˵ЩܼγʵǲҶӢɵģ
һۣ˶Ӳ˵˵ү¶Ȼȥ˵ɡ
ܼγϻͷףһۣһͷһζҲŰܼγϾתһˡ
ϲŮ˵׷ϵҲһҪܺõġ
ף覻صԺ󣬳òԭͲܼγϴк뿪
ǵ˻վ뵽ܼγϵʱѾˡ
һȥ˵ˡϻǸӵԸһܲˡ
رԺף覾ʹ绰һ¿̩۳Ľ
ףյĵһϢǴΰﴫġ
ΰŸ뿪ʱ䣬ΰѾϵһ۸СӦ̣֮ǰף覵Ŀ̩۳ԭϵ⡣ζſ̩۳úʽͶӪ
ףԺܸˣΰԼһʱ棬Ԥĳú̸̸۳δİš
ڶϢġ
ף覣Ѿ˽ϵһԸͶɿ̩۵ˡζף覵һߣֶһð֣Ҫ⵹̼ңҲһõĳ롣
ȷϹЩԺףִһ绰ȥ
绰ܿͨˣף˵ңҸմٻ뿪ûзʲô飿
˵һжãֻ֮ǰҲĺ͸߽йص飬СС˺ü춼ûʲôͷ
ף˵ϸ飬ֻҪҪѶϢС
ŮһĵУֵи߽ϵϿܲ¡
ʵʲôʱϰࣿ
ףһŵ绰ɳ˵еۣϢһ죬ɡ
ص٩ϰľС
ӳ˳һ̸ϴɾѣŵ˲輸ϡ
һԲף覵۾һ־ȥѳԣӦŵ绰˵ҪҲϰ嵱Լ⣿ҶԼ˺ܴ󷽵ģ
ңش˵ӻȴʱƮĵ绰ߡջ˭绰أ
غߺñʸ˴Լǰ˲˵ҲˣҪ˲ѹˡ
ף룬Ҳǡ
Լһѣ˾ͻȻѹѴߵˡ
ףһ㶣㵵ؿ
һѣƤ˳Ťͷ
ףʵôԼã
ʳ
üʵĿԼã
ףɵؿôо˵Ĳͬһ
˵꣬ٴθףѹ˹ȥסĺ촽ȻǳǳĴġ
뿪ô죬֪ж
֮ԼҵĹĥһ²ְɣ
-

322ƨɴ󣬺

ף覱ѹɳϣϻŵ绰һţ˵ңڴ绰
ף˵Ծʵ覣ôˣ
ù绰˵еҪ졣
һ㶣ûӦ绰ֻʣæˡ
˵绰Ժ󣬰ӵѹף覵ϣԼ˫ġĴꡣ
ףʵôˣ
ĵֿĺ촽һڣ˵˺ôû棬ؼԺֻ֪ͱȻܿûнֹһ˽ҲǻԴ׵ġ
ףæ͵أǸղ̸ϵ飡
ϱۻԼĲӣС˵˾ͲУ
˶ռģοԼ˻Ůˡ
˵ţҪͷʱԱߵĵ绰ȴһ
Ϊأͷؽʵܴ绰˵Ÿ֪ܷ˵ķ𣿡
绰ͷһ㶣˵ΪǱ˵ŵδɡǷһû뵽
үүá
ף覣͡
Ƴףһۣүүʲô𣿡
潨ҵ鷳˵ӵ绰δĹֻԱ˵˵
һĬѵ绰ݸף覣㡣
ף覽ӹ绰ʵүүʲô£
潨ҵڲԼĹ£֮˽£Ǹղڸʲô
ףƳһֻۣһڵĶ
ףգգ۾ֱ˵ҡ
סԼһԵͷСѾͷ֪֪ô˵ĺʲô
潨ҵǣѹô󣡡
ӳѽ֪ϱˣ
ף覿˿ָ״һ˵ɲôȹҺͱ˵ĵ绰׵ҡһ㶼үүҪܹҪôרơ
潨ҵ˷ܵרʲôȲ˵үүǷչһˣ
ףŵ绰һ㶣ʲôչһˣ
üʱף覵Ͳѵ绰˳
潨ҵ˵㿴ҪǷ㣬ô
üͷʱ֪үүһ硣
ף覾ȵ˵⣬еż˰ɣ
ֻ˳ôһ飬ôͻͽ˽һأ
Ҳ˵鶼ûأʲôӲӵġڼúϾˣǵ¡
潨ҵߺߵôܲǵ飬ҲҵˣΪҵ룡׶ˣ˳Ҳû
ףϱѾϿˣҪӣҲȻѽ
ǰȥ飬ճ̡
һڲ裬ͷ˵Ŷӣ֪𣿡
뱧Ҳû궼ûʮˡ
潨ҵ˵룬˵ҪһҪ˼׸ѵ췹үүǹˣ˵˼үү㲻ˡ
Ǻһڲˮȡȿȿȡ
ףߣѾ͸ƻ
üʲô£˵£ûҹˣ
Ҳôҳĵ绰ѽϱү̫سˡ潨ҵ˵Ҿ覣·
ʵ·Ҫ·
֮£潨ҵףԸ̫ùͨˡ
潨ҵ˵ʲô£һ˵
˵绰ģһֱء
ףҲս˵үүҪ·𣿡
潨ҵ˵˸۵ϲ÷죬رտǸΧʲôĸ˵һ£үүҲһס
ͨ·Ҳˣ·Ҫ²ʵ·
ʵ÷찡
潨ҵ˵ʵô˵үү˵أҰ㡣
ۣһ˵һӣȫףܳ
潨ҵ˵覣ǲǼǲԼˣǲ˾ͷһ¡
ף˵ǣҼǵõġֻû뵽үү·Щ⡣786083ҵΧ
潨ҵһֵѽƨɴ󣬺ӵġĲһ¡
ཡཡ
潨ҵι覣ι
ͷһ۵绰ͨѾˡ
϶ǱǸСӸ˵ġ覱òˣŲҳĵ绰
ף覿ŵ绰˵˼Ҿϲֻ˵Ͳٶˡ
-

323Ҳף

ףʵǼ÷ʶ
˵ʶһʦҵŮ·ǰҲ·
һȽϱصļͥÿﶬò÷Ůһµۣڻ꿴ﳤʱ򴩡
潨ҵ绰˵Ҫף·ζѾȫϿף覵ݣ껹пףȥҹꡣ
ףʵǺӳأûиӳ·
˵ҰȢԺҲøһˡ
⵹ζ潨ҵжôϿɺӳ죬ֻǺӳҵţǾҵˡڻʱ򣬺ӳܴܲĲ棬ҵҲÿ
ʲôţ
ף覿ļ˵ȥһˡȥԸɿ̩۳Щˡ
˵ͦæ
ף̧ͷأʲôţ
˵ûʲôȥء
ף覣Ŷ
Σף覻ع񣬾򣿡
𣿡
ף覿˵Ժһֱأ֮ǰ㲻ǻͶ֯ôͻȻˣ
ΪŪһ۳ܵûϢôôɵǰ˵ص飡
ʼ磬Ǯ
ף覣
ǰǮ˲
ףʵôǮô˵ǷҪլڼĲҪĻģ
ҲҪ˵ֻǮֶҲţ򼸿أ׬⡣ǮǮĺ£ôܴģһǮһ¼á
Ŷԭһʱʾ޿СһǮǿǶ˶ġһǮ˵
ڼϢһ죬ڶףɾʮ㣬ܿͼ˱⡣ΰҲף覼һ棬˵˿̩۳顣
ʱ֣ףʰһ£ҪȥԼõ̼ЩԸͶʸĹɶ׼һǢ̸ظһȥ
ССһֱڲ߽ϵ飬û˸ף覵˾
¥ȥףڽֱߵš
յһСγͣ·ߣһױŮ˴ӳֱֱף˹ȥ
Ů˵Ĳĺܴ󣬿ʮ㡣
ףһСվ·ߣôôڼùԹŮ
ҶӢߵףǰժϵī˵ǸŮϰ壿
ףе㲻ҶӢĲ
죬īװʲô᣿
ǰŮһըҪµӣףһգգۣ˵ҲǰףСղžˣףС̸ģϴ˰ɣ
ҶӢһ㶣ΪԼҴˣŤͷԼߵʵô£ǶŪ
ָף˵ҶС㣬ûŪ
ҶСҲ̫˰ɣҲܱƭȥ
֪ԼһͱˣˣҶӢŤͷף覣ŭʵ㡣Ϊʲôϣ
ףЦЦȻ֪ңһǲǸʲôһΪǹˣ棬ҲССˣһ¡
ҶӢ㣡
£ף覽ضĻʵ
ҶӢ˫ֻ˵ܼγʶɣ
ףΪŮҹʱԼԩΪܼγϱŮң;ԼԩҲûһᷢ顣
ҶӢ˵˵ϣʹˣܼγʱͷܣ
ף覺Цʶôˣ
ҶӢ˵Լ⣬šüʵôЦǿҵ˼𣿡
ףҡҡͷҲǿ㣬ֻǾ鱨е㲻סΪΪʲôԭң㶼ҴˡҺͲܼγûκرĹϵ
ҶӢĵؿףһۣÿҪİһʼô˵
ף覴һ򵥵·ӲмװᣬװƽģӦøϲһ˰ɣҿܼγ϶㻹ͦĵģ˵Ĺͦɹġ
Уף覵ͷһԼװЦ
ҶӢੲݵ˵ɲҪһᱻƲϵĻƭҼ̫಻ҪŮˣŮ˵ļ
ʱؿͣ·ߣҡ³һҶӢףС̻߹ȥͨ籨ŵȥףСڱһŮ۸ء
۸̽ͷ⿴һۣͼף覺ҶӢڶš
ʵô£
С̻˵ҿǸŮ˺ΪģˣһͶףСͷģףСҪԿ
һ˳Ȼڳ߿ʼ濴Ϸ
С̻һ㶣㲻ȥףС𣿡
-

324¶ԩ

Ȼ˵£ǲ˽ֻǿȽ˶ѡ
Ϥף覵˶ΪһֻСãʵһֻצǡ
۸ˣᱻסݺݵҧһڡצôһ˸۸
̻Ǻ£ĵĴˡ
ף覿ʼ˵ǸŮҪܺףӶͷˣǸŮ˵ıͨ죡
ѵĺϷɲܴ
ʱֻףǰһ˵ղ˵ô࣬ҽܣðһ䣬ǣ
ʼ˿ʼˣףҪʼ۸ˡ
صͷֱʼҶӢʱ
ҶӢ˵ҶҽҶӢܼγͷ㣬ӦôӲܼγҵ顣
ףգգ۾һǸû
ҶӢһҭΪ˸Լһӣ˵Ҳǣܼγô˵ҵ顣ҲѰһ
ףЦ£ҲǲܼγϾֿп޵ĴڣҪҽأ˵ܿͻһˡ
ȻͲܼγϲܣҶӢˣҶӢһԱҶӢ϶ҪΪ۸
˵ҶӢҺͲܼγϵĹϵɲһŮܱȵϵģ
ף覣ŶǸʲôϵ
ҶӢ˵ҺͲܼγǶ׵ģ˫ĸĸҲˣ
·˵Ҳǵĸĸ֧ǣûлˣжԶԶ
ףȴҶӢĽҲмΪûҪռܼγϵ뷨ֻǶԲܼγδһЩѡ
δδ޵Ĳˡ
ûȥŲܼγϣƾʲô鷳
鷳ˣ鷳һȥ
ףƳҶӢһۣ۵Ŷԭǲүλ˻ԺͲܳδްһһᡣ
ҶӢüҸ߸𣬲ŵ˵ʲô
ףǸӣҶӢһ
û뵽һŴȴǸĽɫ
ף覷ʵѵܳܳĻӦͲܼγ۵һ緹أôڴʱܵʦܳͲܳ裬ûʲô˵ģҶŮˣҲᳰЦġ
ҶӢˣʲôܲܳģһСģǰף
ף̾һ̵ҶС㣬Ҳ˵㣬Ҫץס˵أӦô˵Ǳ֣ŮûõġүԺȫµķҲܲסǣ
ҶӢʵܼγԺôʲôϵ
ף˵ǰûϵ̸㵹ȥҲܼγϰ
ҶӢָף覵ı˵Ҫ㣬ܼγҪˣҶҲ˼ңʱøҰһ㣬Ҫòܼγûкùӳԡ
ף覺ܲϲָıǼ⡣
̧ĿҶӢָͷư㲻ŶϣҲ㣬ҪܺòܼγϣҲҶˡҺͲܼγװףҲϲˣֲָֻš
ף覴յҶӢĶ˵УҪҪ棬ͱøһڽϽоһ㶼档
ҶӢһ㶣ͷһŷ֪ܲʲôʱѾΧһȺˣڶָָ㡣
ףЦ㿴ϱ֪زסԼˣ಻氡Ҷҵˣ
ʱһָҶӢ˵Ů˺е찡ǲ˭ҵǧ𰡣
ҶӢְסԼ±ϳ
ףһۣҵţҪٸҺͲܼγǣ壬һûкùӳԡ
ҶӢһ仰æȺˡ
ףһת˹ȥϷͦѣ
˵ѵüѵˣôõĻᣬôܴأһӿĲأ
ףƳһۣ˼ʲôã
ϳԺؿ˿ֱüӡû
ףɫЩŮʱְ룬Ů˲̸Ӿ͵ͷˣɼˮƽһ㡣
ף˵ûղŵȥһܰ˭⿴Ϸˡȥ˵ܳӡ
˵ǹҪ˻Ǻܹ˽ġ
ЦŮ˵Ѵˣȥһţʱ˺ľˡ
ôܻôû¸Լ鷳
ضһ䣺ǸŮ˭
ףһ֧Դ˵ܼγϵδ޻ʲôġ
һ㶣ܼγϵŮ
ף˵Ķ֪ƲֲܼγϲˡŮڵò˵ʱǰһŮˡ
ţף־Լһ
ܼγܹܲܺԼķծԩ
-

325²

ҶӢףԺûֱӻҶңȥһطһ˵Լ
³ԺҶӢͼſһӴİ˹ӡҶӢɨ˰˹һ̧ۣ߽˷ꡣ
ԤԼõķ䣬ƿţҶӢ˽ȥ
ܼγϣ˫ŵؼһϣֶ̧ҶӢһк
ˣҶС㡣ܼγϵͷһֱеٰ
ҶӢŮ˸Լǳٵ𣿼γϸ㲻ʱҲԸȰɣ
ܼγϵĺƺһڣҲԸȣھͲ￴ˡ
ҶӢԼͷüĿЦγϸǿˣ
ܼγϿЦݣθﲻ֪ôͻȻһַθĸоҶӢЦʵ̫αˣǰں£ת۾ܶԼЦ
Ȼϣֻף覵Цÿ
뵽ǸǰոȷؾܾԼŮˣܼγϵͷ˵ǵĺ
ҶӢЦǾͺãʲôʱ񣬷
ܼγϵͷЦЦеľҲˡ
˳װ˵ҶС㣬ҵ˼ǿˣҪܼҺҶҶ׵顣
ҶӢɫһ䣬˵ʲô
ܼγ̯̯֣Ҹղ˵ĺˣҶСòҲʹ˰ɣ
ҶӢȻվŭŲܼγϣ׺ݵһԤҧ˵ķ蹷
ҧгݵ˵ң׵ϢѾȥˣҪǸҶҶˣҰһŹ㣡ɱ˺ʲô⣬ҪץǵĴеǰ취
ܼγЦЦҶӢҲܼγȻʲôҵĺˣҲǸˣ޵ľǱвںָ£ҾͻЭȢ㣿Ҳ̫СˣҪԸ֣ҵ²㡣
ܼγȻҲ˵Ļ˼꣬סĴʲôǿưԵŮˣ˵Ůˡ
ϲףдյȣҶӢҪѹԼµİԵ͡
ҶӢں£Ѿ˲ܼγϵ˵ߣ£ܼγϲŹ֣ԽԼòܼγϷС
ҶӢŴӰƣ˫ֽ߬ȭͷ۵ȼŭ𣬾ôǷҪҶŮˣ
ܼγϵĴ쵱
ף覣
㻹֪֮ǰȥʲôطɣҶӢЦҼףˣƯһֻǿٲ¡˵㣬ǶԸͽֶΣ֪ô
ܼγǼ⣬ñԼ鷳ȻҵˣҲ˻ҪҶҲ񡣡
Ǻ£̫³çĻ۶ϵľͲǱ˵ĳ򣬶Լĳˡ
ҶӢЦ˵ûйϵƲϵĻ˵һģһܼγϣҶӢǺ۸ˣǾơ
ҶӢ˵꣬뿪˰䡣
ܼγϿű˦ϵţĵġҡһʼƷϵơ
ȥף覾ûֵô˼˲ܼγֱһӵĻҶӢӷʱǻðɣ
ƫƫŵʱּ˲ܼγߵĸ๶ǣǹԼҶӢСʲô
ҶӢһ䣬ҲسҶӢ
ҶӢķһҪԱߵ̨ϡ
æȥסҶӢʵҶС㣬û°ɣ
ҶӢ˦֣
վֱ壬δԼĶӣû¡
Ȼݺݵض˹ӣƬ̣ҶӢĴһۣһ֪˭ڷſڵľݺݵشһ
Ȼ׺ݣʵûʲô
ҶӢһӣһȻˡ
ûץסһ¾ʹӽܵûӰ
˵ҶС㣬ǿǲүϲĹôܡ
ҶӢľһޣһֻ
æȥ׷ƾ֣ҲûҵӰôˡ
ڽͷͷ󺹣ô죿үϲľˣҲڲүǰԲлˡ
ҶӢǸŮˣ治ʡ͵ĵƣѹֲүŮ˭Ҫ
һߣף覺̼ҵЩ֧˵Ǣ̸ҲһҲ˳ؼ֤ǵ̸Ḷ́óĽ̼ұҵ˲Ҫ̼ҵȺ֧Ҫ
Щ̼ҵ֧ףҪɣȻһˮʨӴ󿪿ڣҪףҪû˿ĺ
̸⣬ؿǸǰף覵ʲôɵˣ
һߵҲû̸ɣף覻˷Сʱʱ䣬ǳһٷ
-

326Ǯһ

뿪ʱػһƲ֡
ӣƺףϰĻҪġ
ף覿ЦǺû̸£ѣҲòôɥɣ֪ҪΪǿ̩۳Ҫء
ָŷ˵Ҳ̫Ҫˣ۳ԼҲֲܿɣǽһ˵Щ˵Ļ𣿡
ףֵ̧˵ͷϵ̫˵𼱣ֻͼʱŻվӡǿ̩۳ⲻǻûӯ𣿵ǳ˺ͷǻԼӿġֻȱһѡ
ʵǸ׼ˣ
ף򴽣¶Ϊѵӣ׼õҲ˵ǻҪɶͶɣԵǺţƣǲ̸еʸ񡣡
Ǯ۳쳧ǰڣ۳ҪҪڵľѣѾе׽ˡ
ӯǳЧԵģǶʱھܲ߶ر
ʵʶԸһͶʰ쳧Ĵɶ
۳ɲС£̼һҶ˵Ͷһʾ޿ǲװɡ
ף߽µĵذ壬Щ˵˵УǸˣĹ˽ôˣǲǢ̸
غɵؿף˵˵˭
ϣ췼ԷףһЦ׷ӳ˿ִӿ˴̨
Ĳһǿ̩۳𣿳ڷֺ죬Ű
Żϴүһظ̨ϵҹ㽽ˮޱ˵ǡ
ף־˾䣬Ҫô
Ļ߻ؿ˵ӻ˵֮۳ӯĿ̫͡
ף覣
ҪҪ˵ôֱס
Ϊһø磬ʱѵӦøԼС÷һʲô
һִɳϣң˸̨˵㻹Ϊ˶Ը̼ҲŰĳ֮һڶԾֳӣһ˵׬ǮⱾĿԸ󡣡
˿׿̩δ
ô˽ף覣ô˽̼ңܲ
Ȼһ׮׿⣬ûͶʵıҪ
ףǰֹ֣˵컹أҲȱɵǮõôСô
ⲻСǽͶʡ
һ˵ıʲôĲ
ǮûҪǮɣֲǴɵӣ
ףߵǰסĵӽĿ˵ҿԸȫһǿ̩۳δͼ
ԴԽף覵Ӱ̾𣿿ϧҲھ뿴ӣ鷳á
ף覣
ģ̫ˣƭô죿
ףߵ£ֵСһξסĳʵҪôſϰңôչ˵ĺøܲ᲻ҰɡǵĽϣ΢һԼԮ֣֮ӡ
仰ãɳϵֹס˻ˣǸޱȾˡ
ʵǵĽϣɣܸҶʻر
ף˵ֺٷ֮ʮ
һĳӸķֺ춼ǰٷ֮ʮ壬ٷ֮ʮѾ൱˵ˡ
Ժü
ףʵôǲǺĶĶ͸ɾɰʧʧ壬ûˣ
һЦĶҪٷ֮ʮĻ
ٷ֮ʮ
ף覻Ȼվؿ
Ȼ֣Լһֱ͹˵ĸڳ̶ȡ
㡭ף覽˵Ҳ̫Ҫ˰ɣ
̯̯֣һûκ˵ҵͶһǮ֧۳ȥУԸеĶԾķա
ȻǣҲġ
ףί˵ǰٷ֮ʮҲ̫ˡ
˼˵һڳԲӣǳԣ̰
ǸίСϱģ˵Ҫռıˣǿ˽µĽķϣҲҪٷ֮ʮ
ף覷˸ۣҪûнأҪô죿
Ȼ˵Ҫٷ֮ʮ
ǶôѺö
ףһҭģʮôǮôȥ
ôûٵ𣿻˱Ҫ
ףֱЦϷӣǷĿɰ
˵ΪǮⲻⱾԸ飬Ǯһ
ԸƨڿǮ
ף覼ôǮҲ۳ֺɡ
-

327ҹ

˵ͷǲ
ף覵˫
˵ҾҪ
ôûҵأ
ǮδϱǮҲ
ף覵ɫ˲ֳȥ֪ôһزù̫˽ˣ
˼ʱһۡ
ǮԸɣǿ̩۳δһáҪֳȥٷ֮ʮĺʹ
ȻҪ̼ҶɣǮҲһҪѽҲ̫ûһ㡣
ͷż̵ЦúÿǣһҲôǮҲ֪Ͷʲôʱ㿼Ǻˣʱ֧Ԯ㡣
ף覣

ΪԼıôԸѴǮµⳡȴԸ֧ԮԼ۳̫ˡ
ǰ͵Ǹһ
ӺףҧãͰٷ֮ʮĻ
¶һЦݣ֣ɽ
ף֣ʵʲôʱǩͬ
ͬżȸǸ˽¡
˵꣬Ȼսһڡ
ףɪһ£㵵ؿռϵıˣ㻹ռ˵ıˣ
Դǵ˵ԺǾ¼ˣһײֵģҪϰߡ
ף覣ǣ顢̣
ʲô˶һռˣ
Ϊ˵Ǯ࣬һҲҪϰߣ
ûм̣һĲ񣬺С£
ףʵô治ɫĲҵǮһ㶼ʹ𣿡
ץס־Լؿ
ҪģһҲûʹ
ף覸ܵųƤȵ¶ȣ͵ջ֡
Ȼ෽ˣå
ףӱһߣȥ˯ˣ
Ҳˣһ͹ȥˡ
ŤͷıӰϷú˯һȥģҪ˯ȣҿԹһ˯
ãף覼ӿ˽Ųһݾ͹˷š
ŽյķţЦһ
ֵϷԼĹ̫˼ˣԺҪϷ
ܼңܼγѾǰˤĶˤ˸顣ܼγ˫ֲﲻȥһصĲʹƬ
ͷվһɪɪүûҵ
ܼγתָŹһǶסǵǸʲôԵģǾΪǳ԰׷𣿡
˵үʱҶӢһ˾ţԾͶˡģѾ˶ȥˣ֮һһġ
ܼγŹļ˵ӣһֱ㲻Ӧ֪˵жҪһҪҲ͵űιɡ
ܼγǵϻģףǰܵıֺһ㣬ҲĲһЩɡ
Ҳѹι飬һ˵
һοү˵·ģҲԼܻˡ
ܼγЦһ·
ܼγŹļּ˼ĶͷʱðŴŵ亹ɫˡ
ܼγ˵Ҫ·ڶһطҾûȥֲˣܶʲô·ıңҹȥң
ǣھȥң
ֽһԵļֵܣ뿪˲ܼҡ
ܼγֺ޺޵һӣһ̵ģ
ɵĶȥˣ
ţһʵ磬˵ᱻʲô͵ĸץ˰ɣҪǱʲôĵط
һۣ˵ұ죡ڲүĵ׿ɱʲôҪҪûˣ˭Ҳ
ӵǵû£ô
˵Ͳֱ̫˴һӣһܵʲôðȫĵطˡ˰ѱǷһ飬ҾͲҲ
Ͳţôرһܴӱʧˣ
ӵͷ˵ֵÿһֶһ飡
Ǿô󣬵̺ʽܷ顣
ץסӵ·˵ȵȣûҵ֮ǰҪүͨϢˣǲүײǹϡ¶ǳģҪеҲҵ飬ǱԼ鷳
֪˹硣
µȺСͷȥüͷ壬Լΰ˳Ҫˡ
Ҳ̫˥үôҶӢǸǡ
-

328¹·

峿㣬Ƕ峿˯ʱһЩ̻Ѿ˵ƻ𣬿ʼΪҪ׼
ף覽ȥ磬·һ̵ʱ򣬴˼ˮԤغԱǳԡ
칫¥ǰʱȴһֻ;޴İ˹ſİ칫¥ſڡ
˹ͷŤͷһί޹ף覡
ףһ㶣е졣
ⲻǲܼγǣŵ
ף覸ſڵСʵܼγˣ
Сûа
ףô
СҲһͷˮҲ֪һžͿˡҲߣһܻˣﵱˡ
ɣף覰ϵݸС壬·㣬ȥһԡ
ллףС㡣Сӹ㣬Цת߽
ף覶˹ӵĹͷɣôԼܵˣ
վһףһȦʵģһίС
֣ܼγôϲô
ף˵һĴˣӦԼҵȥ·Ҫǲȥǲүżġ
ף覽űſ
ף룬ǣϵĹ˰칫¥
ҲΪܼγǴף覣ףǰǱãԹԵظףߡ
ؼףǣһ󹷻һĶˡ
ף覽͵ܼγϵĹ֪ôܵˡ⹷ƶͦҪģܶˡ
ؿ˵ܼγϵĹʲô
ף˵㲻ǲܼγϣĹҲܡ
ܼγֲĵˣûҪô̱
ؿ˿ͣ۵ƳԵĲ١
صĻ
һѵö˻
ףͷЦЦ˭֪أǿܾò̫ܼγϣһƻӡ
ܼγżթһ˼뵽ʲô壬ֻʶľܻ
ף̧ͷʵܼγǱߵϵ绰Ӧ֪ɣ
˵֪ҪҰϵ𣿡
ף覵˵ͷһϵһ£ҾͲ绰ˣզզ
üǻû˵ף
ף˵˵ˣǲ֪ܼγȥ١
ϲҪ£ܼγҲҪһʱ䡣
ף˵꣬ǣ¥Ҳȥ
ܼγΪˣһû˯ڶ磬ʱ򣬶ܿĳܼγϵľͷ̫á
߽ܿЩ챻ˤĴƬһ䣺ү
ܼγûзӦ˵
ɳߵĲܼγ͵̧ͷʵҵˣ
˵ţ˽ϸմ绰˵ףСأʲôʱпչȥ졣
ܼγһ㶣أ
˵ͣ档
ܼγһҲֱӿȥ
ܼγϽ˰칫¥סһμСʣףĶ
Сָָ¥ϣ칫ء
ܼγɿˣ¥ܡ
ŲܼγϵĹЦпСӿڴͳһ̣ǣҪҪһ
ҵóһԼϰµһġ
С΢Цܾˣ칫¥̣ףС㶨Ĺء
Сһ۹ϵֲ̣Ҳٰ칫¥̣Ѭű˾Ͳˡ
ƲƲ죬ףСĵط治٣Ǻڡ
ƿף覰칫ҵʱףһȶڵιԶ
ԼǶʧĹӵʶһĵس궫Ҫף覵ģףֱЦ
ܼγһ
һܼγϵĺһվ˹ȥתȦ
ף覿ŻЦЦҸղиͣ͸ι˵㶫ӦûʲôܳԵĶɣ
ܼγ϶§³һûУɵӸʲôԡ
ףʵĹһôܵѵˣ
ܼγüǣһ֪ôŮ˴ˣܶˡһ϶ûţҿ㡣
ףһ㶣Ƕ·ôܶ
òһɵɣ
ܼγ޶һͷ˵ƽʱٴţȥԶĵطʶ١ܵҲ·ʱ뵽ҴǰҲһˣܵȵҡ
-

329³ĩ

ܼγ̧ͷף覣˵лл绰
ףǰҲȹܼγϣʱܼγǵɵģûһӡ
һĸлǵһΡ
ף濴˲ܼγһۣŷľ̫á
òΪһ޶û˯ɣ
֮Ͷѡף˵ûʲôĻ԰ȥˡҿ·е㲻ԾҸҽ
ף˵߻ߣ˱
ܼγǣŹվ˵ף覣ҳԶٷɡ
ףһ㶣̧ͷһ˫ɻ۾
֮ǰѾ˵ˣһԷ
ܼγ֪ʲôһִ˵ûб˼Ҫл㡣ȥǼҳԷ㻹Դ
ף覸ɻؿŲܼγϣԼʲôֻǴĸл
ƺף覾ܾܼγ˵ֲ˽¼棬ҲڳӦò˵ɡ
ף˵ҽȥһ¡
ܼγϵͷǣ߳˰칫ҡ
ֻͷףһۣѾµͷʼ˲ˡ
ܼγףǰӱͲһ֧ʣڲֽдһ֣ܼγ˵ˣ͸ҼҴ绰Ҽҵ绰룬ʱһַʱ䡣
ף̧ͷһۣá
ڶߵ㣬ףֱվ˲ܼγϼſڣûӾлع
ף㾹ȻҳԷôҳԷأ
Ƴһֲۣʲô˵顣һǺܴȵġԼĽʣĽѻġ㲻˵ֻܺ𣿡
ףŤͷΪϢҹڼ
ˬĴӦԷһװ
̫ʶˡ
ЦһܼγϵļһԼȨĻᡣôõĻᣬôܻ
һĹһٷҾû⡣
ǰ塣
һſڴһ̤̤Ь
һ򿪣ܼγվź̽һԴһѲӣϻһС黨Χȹ
һС죬һͥ
Ŵ򿪵һ˲䣬ǵصζ˳ף覶
ܼγϼǰ춼Ų˵Ÿʲô
ף覵ĺ촽ЩԸ
ʱȥ᲻ᱻǺ
ʱӿڴͳһסĿڱǡ
ʵõ𣿡
ף覵˵ͷǺõĿ̫ˡ
ЦЦͷ˵ȥɡ
ܼγ˷ţĬĬط˸ۡ
õô𣿺ߣ
ͷòӵĲܼγһۣ㣡
ݣף覲ŷﻹһϵŮˡ
Ů˵ϸһ̺ӣúĿף覡
ܼγ˵ף覺裬֣
֣ĻӦþǲԭ˰ɡ
˺֣˸к֣̺á
֣Це˵Ǻãѵͣɡ
ܼγϴֵָɳ˵ҳﻹŶءˣҪȲԼ
ܼγ˵꣬ŲԱߵĳ
ף覻˻ǰĴ̱ǵζʵʲô
֣˵Ӽ֮ǰѾʧˣҹʣµˮҲûʲô³
ףһ㶣Լ³Ūģ
֣ͷ˵ҪҪзͲͣԼʵ̫ˣ̱ܲǵζܵݺ԰ȥˡ
֣۾ĺᣬܼγһϵĺ
֣˵ϢһȥҪȻһѳˡ
ף̧ͷ˿ܼγڳȥӣ֣ĵ治һе
̵֣ȥҲɡ
ҪǲܼγϲСĴʲô֣Ҳ㡣
ףվ˵֣Ϣɣȥ
߽ͼܼγŲӣԹĳС̽
лʲôĴĶǣëûθɾԱߵһոձ˿˶ӣȴûΣһ̲Ѫˮɾڡ
ǳĩհ
ܼγķˣܳԣ
ܼγϹĳۿɼٶڱڣǲܼγȴûҵҪõӡ
ȵڷӰѼʢʱǽƵļѾ˽ɫ
ף覵ǳ˳顣
Ϊ˲ԼʳжҪ߰ɡ
-

330½д

ʱܼγ̧ͷһۣ˫ֲ˵ǲǾҴΧȹر˼ҡ
ף覿Цһ£˿ֱߵ̳ûһ˼ҵĸо
˵Ϲģ
վڳſڣű˵˼Ҳ˵һϣ֪ʳȻǺܶණԣѳԵĶһӡ
ܼγһ㶣ôҲʳ
ֱָָߵĳ۵¶Ҫô覿ܻᱻ
ܼγһ֪ڳԼԳ˼ֲ
Ĳӣ˵бڳҲмֱ°ɡһ³أ𶼲ҡ
ЦЦ㻹𲻷ҪҪ㿴ʲôϵãµ˳
ܼγϻͲ֣úһˣҸĿڽ磡
ףͬؿ˲ܼγһۣҪǸϽ仰ȡ˰ɣȻһڵġ
ȥչԲŰ췼ԷҲһֱܲҡ
ֱһȥˣҴҸϻȥ׼ʱ򣬷ѾһӵĲˣ֪ĳվտĺܣȲϵĺá
ܼγƴˡ
ǲܼγϲôΪƶףô˵һڻ̣ڰﻤ
ף覵£ܼγϸӵһǰˡ
˵Ӻ˵㻰
΢΢һЦϵװ׵ݸף覣߽˳
ڲܼγǰվ֡
ܼγһ㶣ʲô
Χȹҡ
ܼγһ黨СΧȹݸ
СıԼʱף鷳
ǽһƬǽĳʰɾȻѸٵĴ㣬֮ϴвһ׶ɴ䣬ȳĲܼγһһ㶵ġ
ܼγվףߣ˵Ļ
ף覵ͷţıһá
ܼγϣ
ģʧˡ
ףǰһԼ»ʲôͷȫˡ
ףӳ߹ȥʲôҪæҰ㰡
˵ʹǰһҰƬȻһ£һۡ
ܼγϼ״߹ȥ˵Ҳ԰
ףƤЦⲻЦĿ˵ͱˣǼ򵥵ĳһٷɡ
ܼγϲ֣ǿܻзԡܼγҪǲ֣ǹСʱԲһٷˡ
䰮Զܼγϡ
ܼγ㶣һɪɪ˻
ܼγϻͷ˻˿֣
ֲ֣˲մŵۣ㻹ǲʺ
ܼγϵͷֹѧһѧҲġ
֣￴һۣ˵һ԰ɣ
ܼγץһƻһڣ±˵ǰ÷Сʶ
֣޵ҿǸܲüĿģֿΣ
һףߵﶼױ˿䣬ռˡҲүͷԡ
ܼγϴչȥʵ裬ôõĹ취ϱô
ܼγԭΪ֣˭֪֣Ժȴݺݵһ²ܼγϵļѵֺ˵˼ӹĺúõģϹʲôʮһ׮ģǲܸȱ£
֣һ´ĺݣܼγ۵
ˣ֪ˣҾ˵˵
ҲǹӲףôϲҲ߰
ִ֣˲ܼγһ£˵˵˵ҲУ˵ģ㲻֪Ҫ˼ҵô죿
ܼγϰƻ˶Ͱͷã˵ˣԺ󶼲˵ˣ˰ɡ
֣˲ܼγһѣ㵹ǽȥ֣˼Էôܹأ
ܼγϿߵǰռҵСҪҴ֡
Ͳȥ˸ӣȥ
֣֧ʹ£ܼγֳų˹ȥ
ף覼ܼγתȦľֻǶӡ
һСʱԺϰƷòϼѵһƷȫԳ֮֡
֣СӺܻǼҼγϡ
˵ûʲôǴǰ浱һӳӡ
ף覾ȵҲɹô֪
һӣ㲻֪黹ء
ܼγϿһۣ˵ȱſ䣬ҳζ֪׹ء
һӹͽ
ζһõ㣬ͿʼӣԲۣóԡ
д硣
-

331

ܼγһ㶣Ŀ
ʲôղ˵ʲôš
治ɫ˵д硣
ǵŶ塣
ף覺֣ˢˢĿ˲ܼγϡ
ղǴӦӺ˵㻰ֻҪһˣ͹д硣
ڲܼγ϶ݲݵصһϵĲˣԲܼγ̯˵ʼɣҰš
ܼγԳٶ۵طԼĿӣţķôͻȻͲأ
ƽʱѹһҲˣʱôѹоԼҪҲ˵ˣ
ף˶ӣԼСצצ˾˵ҾǿЦȳԷɡ
䣬ܼγϾͿһۡ
ôŰǾ䲻
ܼγϵͷһˮ˵УǴ磡
˫ִϥϣ۵һĨɫ̵Ժúչɩӣ۸
ܼγһ㶣ָָף覣˼ʵչ
ûɣ
ܼγʵͲҽˮ¥̨ȵʲôģ
ףһۣ˵£㡣
ף覣
֪ΪʲôҪˬĸԼԷˣ
ڲܼγϻĸǰ˵飬е㲻׵ûòɣ
ܼγϵһ飬ǳš
ţȴòܼγϸܵԵѹһף濴Լĸо
ôܿ϶ף覲ϲҰܼγһִαϵɵ˵ûһ仰ֻҪͷӵúãǽڲ
ЦЦ
ʱ֣Ȼڲܼγϵĸ첲Ϻݺݵһ£ܼγʹһ裡۰
֮ף覶һ
֣̿治ôﰡ
֣㻹ݣڲܼγϵĸ첲һѣλĸϴ˶ԼĶһ㶼飬ܼγһ໽Уһүķ緶ûС
֣˵ܻܲڵ°һӾͽôѣ㻹˵˵æչףС㣬չ֮ãʲôǽǵģԺ˵ˣ
˵ܿף覶ԼҶû˼ǲܼγܰ˼ҹƭҲܼγˡ
ܼγϱԼԼûɶʵ飬Ϊ棬˵˭˵Ҿʶѣͷʶ˿ɶˣһƣ
֣Ųܼγϵĸ첲һٺ˭˵أһƣú˵
ΪڼͲ֪ƽʱɵĶʲô£ͷʶЩЩ˶Ƕӣǲģʲôѣ
ǰըĲܼγϵĳɹ֣ıշ˵˵˲˵ˣ裬֣
֣ɿܼγϵĸ첲ݺݵؾһٲſϰݡڽǳ׶ˡ
ף覿֣һۣѽû뵽ܼγϻôµˡ
ʱף覺ȻоԼֱʲôůĶסס֣ŵϣ˲ܼγϵǰ
ܼγϵƤһ̫˰
ȴǺֱ׵˵֪ϲף覡
֣һ㶣תͷȻ֮䣬ʲôϵԼĶӣϲǸﰡ
˻ܴԼС÷ųԷȰ
Ųܼγϼ˵֪ҵĹرϲҲֹϲֻҪ㲻ԽߣǾѡ
ľ֮粢ûòܼγϸϵòܼγЩ˵ۡ
ʩ᣿ô϶Լòף覵ķģ
ʤѾʼˣ
˭ּ֪˵˭ҲĻӣҲǡûϿåĻ
ܼγһ㶣ܿĿ˵ΪԼܶҡ
Ŀ䣬㲻ǺܶҲС˽⡣
ڲܼγ϶ף覸ȤʼھйصһϢʱҲͬ˲ܼγϵļͥϵ
ò˵ȷͦ˳Ծ
Ҫƽʱ򣬲ܼγȴƿµվ֣ʵ㵽Ķȥ
ܼγ˫ֲڶ˵ƿơ˼ҶˣǺôƿοһ£ҲǶ˴֮
ף観ûͷյʵ˽
ĺľߣıסֽһ֣赭дش֪һ㡣
ֻһףЩ仰ʵԡ
;һܼܶγϵӡ
һܼγϾһƿѾƳžƶʵûɣ
ܼγϵļﲻȱǮһƿϵεĺƻǿҵġ
˵ͷԡ
ܼγùƱϾԺҪף覵ף覵ıھͱֵ̧ס
-

332¿ŶԷ·

ף覺Ͳܼγ϶һ㶣ףʵʲô
Ťͷ̵ܽ㲻ܺȡ
Լҹڱ˼ҺȾơ
ܼγζһЦĺƸ˵ղ˭չţȵƾͲˣ
ȾƵĺһܳеġھⷸŲܼγᷢƷ衣
ܼγŤͷף覣ûֽǱʡ
ף覣ʲôʱ򷸴ˡ
Ʒʱϲ˲˯
ܼγһ飬ﻹͦţ֮ǰѵʶһٵף覣
ף覶ʱɴ۾˵ǡ
ֻôһκȸˣܴȫ
΢ȵͲӰģ
ֶࣺڶ˻˵ؿڡ
¾֣㿴ף覵񶼲Ծˡ
ְ
˵ô˵Щ飬ף覺пܶǰ
ף覵ǳ˳飬ŤͷŲܼγϣ̧һζʧò΢ЦҲˣǺȡŮȾǲԵġ
Ƶף覵Դóѵ˵ԡ
ܼγϺ֣һۣε
ףίҧ
֣ȻڱǰĶ̣
ʱϺȻϮһ֪ʲôʱյϣ˵Ƶôñ˿ؼԺȡҲ±ġ
ף覵Ķʱ졣
æץϵˮ͹һˮ
˵һѾȫˡ
ۡȿȿȡ
ףĵϷ³ɹʧ̬˳˳ı̾˿ֳ˵ûʼѾôû뵽Ҷô
ףһӲ
ģ
ͲŶ²ס죡
ף覼иǿͷľ׽ţͺƷζϾʣϻʼչζ΢Ц
׽Ķ˳ĺ£ĺᶯ˶Ŀĳԭʼ㺣촽ף覵һࡣ
ףæջԼߣͷ
찡ôܰһͷԳôԸеĵԣ
á֣һЦе۵
ЩСԸܳԵĵز
һ֪ԼòƵģһҲɹƾưף覵ϷҲű
ף覰ڷ͵͵һۣȴĿԾͣԼϣû뿪
ܼγʵǿȥˣ˵ҪǱԲˣôŶԷ·ɡ
˸ͷǲ⣬ǼҹҪӪ⣬óأĽǾͲˡ
һٷ˶Ǻг
гĶҪף覾òܼγϺ֮ûκìܡ֣ǰӸһ飬Թ󣬾ȻطϢˡ
˺˵ƣȻͷǾƾӻеӰġ
ܼγϾͽžƾ˵˵ʵô꣬ǵһ˵Ҳ˵ˡ
˵Ťͷף˵Ҳǻ˰ɡôΪҲûʲôԣҲһֱԼһ
ףûкȾƣǾѵģʼ˵ȷǲãҲûô
ܼγƲƲ죬һھ˵ЩˣϲҲɡ
ʱӱ˹Դ˲ܼγϵϣصҪֺ
ܼγϵͷһۣƿӶ˶
ף̲סΪʲôôϲΪСģ
ܿĳڲܼγ˵һҪ
ܼγ˵࣬Ϊ̴ĹСӡǰֻģĲ͵ı͵ʣôһֻˣǲ̫ġ
ףһ㶣ģ
ܼγϽ˵ǰǼǾԴֵİ˹ӡëɫി
ף覿һۣܼܳγϴǰļҵײ
ķӦƽ·֪һ
ף覺ȻЩ棬ǰʲôģ
ܼγƬ̣ȻĹͷ˵һ䣬˵ȥĵط档
ѵܿˡ
ܼγվףʵòΪǼǵƦɣ
ףգգ۾ûзϡ
ܼγЦһ˻治١
ҪǻҲˣף覵ᣬԼбҪ⿪һ¡
ϾԼϲĹȻҪͬһġ
ܼγ˵ֲϵǵƦүүǰҲǸˡ
ףĴ۾ܼγ
ţģҲǸ˵Ҫ˿𣿡
-

333뻵

ף覶˵˵˵£Ҷˡ
ܼγϵͷЦЦӿڴͳһ̣Լһ֧Ժ󣬽̺г˦˹ȥ
ֽ̧ס̧һۡ
֮以̣ٿ֤ڲǵˡ
йϵ⡣
Ҳгһ̵֧̣ȼ̡
ף覶˳һ㵹ǺܷУҲǡ
һ֮Уܼγͷͷϵĵƿʼ˵үүĹ¡
үүвܰظǰҲȥġһȥǶ˲鰡̲裬һʱŹ㡣
үү֮ûи飬ǴΪͥһġҰ֮󣬾˴ڽӴһԹ̫æΪɣûٻعҡ
Ǳ߰һļŮ˵ǸŮǮǸŮ˻ˡǼŮȥҰ飬ǸŮեϵһǮԺʧˡ
ƲˣѡڼŮĴϺũҩɱˡ
̣һ޸֮ŮˣҰִصƬأҰ֣ΨһģֻǴǰһİ˹ӡ
ףһĬһϲֱ˵Ĺ¡
һ̳һ룬ҲŽһ롣
ҰʱѾˣ͸ֲҪŮˡԳԺ͸ֲеŪһƬһѵӡ϶Ǻ޵ģЩӸǮ
ǣҲöġ
СʱҲ֪Ұָɵʲôеһġֱ̹ˣҲűӵҾĻﳤˡ
ʱҲ֪ҰֱˣǰǺЩĵŮˣǺЩŮദľԺҲˡҲʼżңĻŮˣүүһ·
̸̽ҵЩãںָһƨöûСҵûܲסЩС죬Ұֶҡ
յֵʱ򣬲ʱ
㱻ͷСͷѪˣؼԺҲֻᰤһθݵʱΪûֵŮ˸Ūȡ
Ȼ˺ֵĶԺǸŮҲܸɾشˡ
ǸֵȷˣǺһܾĸףһ̡
ֻүүһԼˡ
ף覵ִţ˵ȵϲ˵ףֲһ
̫ɾˣɾĺܾǰӴһ
ǲܼγĵ׿ŵһĻ
Ҳһִڲˣֻ̡ͨ塣
ǼܼγϲˣҲѴһԼѾõĻѾͺΪһ壬Ҳ̫ˡٸЩ£Щǰ˾ͻͳͳš
ʱʲôȳȵ裬ӵˣ

ҪԼǻģ͸͸ġ
ż뵽ǰʱҲúܿϧ
һֱ뷨ԼףȴԼһˡ
ƮƮһ仰ȴԴǰЩĻ
ָоĶĿڣȴҵһйİ취
Ҳй
Ϊʲôأ
ΪΧһжģô뷨֪ˣҲᱻŪġ
ôܲĻҪôĿ
ܼγؿͷĵݣֱѾȼͷһָͷܼγ۵һ飬էȻعһߵ̻Ҹףˡ
̳ˣҲˡ
ǲܼγϰ
˶û͸͸ĵͷߡ
˵ʲô취
ǲĶӣɵеעӲܸɾ
ܼγϿףһۣ˵֪ʹһƲңٲӦЩһҡҲҪҡǿԲ㲻ԡ
˲֪Ĺ£ֻ֪
ĵ׿ŵһ仨䣬Ļỵĳס
ף覲ֻϲŮˣǲܼγĵ׵Ǹߡ
ٿ֪ԼЩ鲻Ϊϲ
ٿ֪ĵ׵ϲǸɾġ
ף覿ŲܼγϳĬá
˵ԲܼγϺ
ЩԺܼγϡ
òܼγе
ܼγϵ̹ԺܱӵףһĻͻǺȫͬһģ
һʼûѡ
ҲȲܼγ˲ֹһĵط
ΪһŮˣߴС˱
ǲܼγǸˣȥΪ𱣻ɡֻҪһǿҪĻȥ뻵
ף覵۵׸һ㱡ˮȻͷ۽ǡ
Ҳ㡣˵
-

334Ů˲Ҫ

ܼγ˵Ļһ˲ʧ
Ǵůڵĳϵĸоһδĵ
ĲԼ
Ϊʲôů˲ſ
Ƭ̣ܼγһЦ˳ף覣ǰ˵ֻͲб뷨ңǲ˵ҲܻϲҰ
Ųܼγܿص㣬˵ĻףҲЦģ֪ҿ㡣
ܼγϣ⻰˵˵ˣôҲ
ף覺һʱһ㶼ɰ
ף覿һۣΪ򳪸氡
ǰ򳪸棬ǿȫĽһԡ
ʱܼγϵļźȻ
ļ죬Ȼŵ˺ûġ
ܼγŤͷſڿһۣʵ˭
ֹҶӢܼγϣţ
ܼγһ㶣ɫʱ
ѵףһٷȻô۵˲ͣظԼҲʹ죬ϻǺܿĵġ
ôϵģŮʲô裿רõʱ
ף覾ӰеϤȴ벻˭
ܼγϿһۣ˵Ϣҳȥ
վ򿪷˳ȥ
ȥԺվߵ˴ߡ
վܿϲܼγϺҶӢӰ
ף覺棬Ҳչȥһۡ
ѽף૵
ʵʶ
ף赭дΪһЩᣬȥһ
ͲܼγϵĹϵ治򵥣ҵˡ
⣬ҶӢܼγϳˣЦһγϸ磬ԭϳһΪҪһֱţŲҼء
ܼγԼγϸͶĵĻƤ
ԼǸֵôŮ˵ģʲôĲѡȻƫƫ˸ҶӢ񾭲
ҸףĶãҲôᷳ
ܼγߵϣ˫ֲڶʵֲǷģΪʲôҼ㣿л˵Ҽﻹпء
ҶӢ߿һۣͼ˴վŵף覡
ҶӢüͷʵγϸ磬˶Ѿȴˣж಻ҽ鰡
ܼγ˵һҲ룬ͷ˿ֺͷⶼ롣
һҶӢ۵׶ʱȼŭ
ʵǲ㵽ҶȥҰ˵һӲҽһ𣿡
ҡܼγϲ˲ͷ鷢˺ܱ飬ҲϲˮЩҿϵŮˣ˻Ҳ
Ȼ˻
ܼγϵװʲôˣ
ҶӢ˵ܼγϣΪԼʲôŮ׷ʲôʸȥҶΣҶԸͲܼҽףǶǸӣˣ
ܼγϲͷ˵Ȼ֪ҲǺǸﲻɴһ㣬һɢأ֮Ҳû飬ҷֲԿȥҸõŮ˰һŰſǲܼң˵ǸʣһַҲܼγϣ㵽ͼʲô
ȻôϲܼңǾͲҪԼѿ鲻𣿸һֱŲԵԼܵۡ
˵Ůǲв
ڲܼγϿҶӢŮ˾Ǹӣûˡ
ΪҶӢԼԸвˣŻҶȥȰ˵ԼλϵһԼȥ˵һеûģһαƻ顣
û뵽ҶӢѾ񾭲ز
Ůû
ҶӢŭʵ֪֪ܼҪҶҽ׵ϢѾųȥˣ
ܼγһ㶣һ治֪
û˵ҪҶӢһôѾ˰ŽˣҲ̫ļ˰ɣ
ҶӢʵ֪ˣô죿ܵҼȥ˵˻飬ҪҶǶ𣿡
ܼγЦˣͷҶӢ˵ֲ˴Ϣ˭ȥϢ˭𰡣Ҹʲô
ɢҥԵֲ﷢ʲô裿
ܼγʵѵΪҶҵǵӣҪҺ飿ŶûУ
ҶӢ᣺㣡˲ܼжҪ⣬ҪҶִ֧ڻģھ͸һȥ壬˵ȢңһǲܼҳԲ˶ߡ
ҶҶˣˣǴ
ҶӢСǼ飬ˣ
ܼγЦһӯӯвǮʱҶСԱ㣬ǲܼСôƢĴߣԺôԸܼҶУʱ㡣
ŮҪȢԺܼﻹаʱ
Ů˾ԲҪ
ҶӢһ˫ֶ߬ȭͷָɷסݺݵضŲܼγϣؽҧһ
-

335أ

ܼγϣɱڣ
үһӾûڹ
ӺɷŮǰ˵ǵӲ
ҶӢļ仰סԺҲڵϻˣҲвܼγˣвˡ
ҶӢĥÿ죬Ƴһվڴߵף覣˵˵ģ
ܼγˣ߳һȺ֡ö
Ǹ֪ߵغŮ˾Ͳһˡ
ҶӢ˵γϸ磬ʶһķϣŮҲһػضܰȫؼҰɡһҹ·涪ˣɾͲðˡ
ܼγһ㶣ͷ˴ߵףһۣ۵׵ĵ֮ɫһ
Ӧò°ɡ
ҶӢϿ˵֮ɫЦЦת뿪
˳ùˣҲԲöԷù
ܼγܼγϲŮҲһ
ܼγϿҶӢϳ뿪ת߻˷
ݿվף覣뵽ҶӢǲֹһεľ棬ܼγԥǿʵף覣ʱ䣬ûȥ鷳ɣ
ףָָյĽֵʵָҶӢ𣿡
ܼγϾȵؿʶ
ף˵ȥ
ܼγ׷ʵ˵ʲôˣ
һŵ飬ף˵˵һЩֵĻ˵ҪˣҲҪȻͲŹҡ
üв㣿
үŮҲвҶҵͦ
ףҡҡͷ˵ɣҿˡΪҺͲܼγϹϵһ㡣ûϵҵʱҲûб۸
ҶӢ˵ЩҲϣֻǾҶӢ鱨󣬲ҿ̫ӡ
ǿŲܼγЦܼγϣδƢͦ󡣡
ΪͲܼγϳһٷоͲܼγϵĹϵ˲٣˵ҲȴǰƤһ㡣
ܼγϷ˵ʲôδޣǣǸŮˡ
ƺǺ޲̺ҶӢƲɾϵ
ףôˣ֮䡭
ܼγ˵ҰָѡŮˡ
ףŶһĸ֮ý֮ԣ⡣
ܼγͷ۵˵겻̫ƽҰأҪֵϴסҪòǿ϶ٲҶҵİæȻҰ־ͰҶӢŸˡ֮ǰţûӦ͸蹷һס˾ҧֻҪ˵飬ûû˵֡
ܼγϿףһۣЩǸ˵ǰʱҳܣ֪ˣͰ㵱ĵˡ֡
ҶӢֹˣǸŮȫпܴȥ֡
ףĬĬоԼ޹ĺܡ
¶˵˺һϵûаɣ
ǲܼγô˵ҲѣʱΪһָܼγϣҲӦá
ףü˵ǲǰ㰮ˣ
ƨ˭İӵģħ˭Ҫ
ܼγ˵㰮һ˻ߵĶٵҿҶӢëˡ
ֿһۣѵδһҪúñʲô¡
˵˵Ҳ֪
Ů˵Ȼչˡ
˵ҶӢҸо鲻򵥣Ҫлᣬ鿴ɡ
˵ʵڵģǶ˽ذܼγϵæֻ뵽ҶӢף覵воܲˬϣܼγܹɾؽ飬ףʲôҪ鷳
ҶӢΪϲ裬ҪͲܼγһҶӢһʲô˲֪ܡ
ףһۣʱҲˣǻȥɡ
ף覿˿ֱѾŵˡ
˲Ҳ뿪˲ܼγϼҡ
ȥ·ϣףʵҶӢ㶼ʶôܶ϶ҶӢܣ
˾ƣƾе
۾ȥף覵ϡ
ףһ㶣ףۼɵƿӴҪΪˡ
ץסСַŵԼ̫Ѩϣࡣ
ף覹ԹԵİ
ſ˵̵ĹϵϵֻҪڣ˾ͬһӪġûʲôǮĺʹܼγϼȻҪʸҶңҶҵŮûҪŵֲ̬ܼγϣһǲű£Ҫܼγ
³һ˵ֹϵкܶ࣬ȷǹõֶΣһ˺Ů˽˻飬Ҫô˴Ů̵һǮҪôŮ˴̵һǮ˵ĺ档
ףϵĶһͣ
۾īɫͫӳ
ף覵ʵأ
-

336»û

ֻһֹĹϵأ
˵̫ˣԵ¡
ǰ˺ŮˣΪһͷţżֻ飬ҲΪٿǮĲ񣬰ԼŮ͸һȳӡ
Щ˽飬ΪôЩǮ
ٿȻһЦֹ̧һıǼ⡣
ò¶֪Ĺһˡ
Ǻһ˶ΪǮ飬ҲΪమŽġе͸ü޸飬ͺ㡣
޸顣
޸İ顣
ףЦЦ۾Ưİ¡
ΣȻ˵м飬һֱ㡣
˫ۣһ˵ʰڸǰʲô˵ġ
šףԥһŵ˵øһ㣬Ů˸һ㣿
⣬ʵûرڴĴ𰸡
Ϊ˵ãҲûӺܾúܾǰǾһġ
ֻãСǲġ
Ȼ˵񣬲һͨĸ翴õ񣬵Ҫһ϶Ĵ𰸡
˵Լã͸ģһŮȥһͺˡ
Ҫһ㡣
һĬ
ǳĬʱ̫ҪΪѾ˯ˡ
ףҪʱڿڵˡ
ãҲǰˡ
һδԼһȹµļˡ
еİһദˣͻ顣
ϣԼļˣ۹ȥãԶԷ뿪Էļˡ
ļˡ
ףЦЦȷû뵽
ף˵Ϊ˵Ҹá
ǰ˵ôûһǰСġ뷨֡
ȴ˵ҪҴ֮ѡһ𰸣ǻŮռıظһ㡣
ΪʲôףЦô𣿡
ۿƣ⣬͸һŴ˯һ֪ˡʱ㲻֪ΪʲôŮˣҲ֪Ǹʲôˡ
ףһʱû˼
׹ʱ˾ͱ߳һֻϺҪ
ǰ濪ĵǰһֻþүǸֱУŮ˵Ļġ
ڿүɧ÷
үǲὲɧֻûǸˣåˡ
С㣬үӦҲǷ˵ĺܡ
Сﱻļ仰ŪСͨ죬ʵôǲǸһ㣿һ쵽Ÿ磬ҲǽҾүҲҵ֡
ףҡҡͷĽ͵ǰһֱ㡮硯òûйϵֻǴΪĵףůˣֵǸƺ
ֻҪԼòȫԽһ硣ûС
Ϊĵף˭Ҳ䲻ĳƺ
һͺͻȻ޻ǰΧѵõģһֱλˣҲ
ĺ˹Сĳ˲١
±˫ۣĵٴһͺˡ
һھȥ֤ϯѸȫˣףϱˡ
·õȰ
ʱȻԼĶͷһĶ
ۣͼףռ˱ԺѸ̧ͷ
Ȼ͵Լ
СӵǱ˲١
һЦָ˵Լ촽˵״ˣδӦ
˭ˡ
ףϣŤͷ򳵴ɿ쵹Ӱǵǳǳȥ
СѾͷ꾹Ȼˡ
˵ʲô۾Ϣ
Ĵðŷݵһš
ÿͻȥʵ̫ѰˣֻǸ޹ĵʲôҪŰ
ͣ췼ԷſڣΪǴ򿪳ţϹүˡҪûʲôرİţҾ°ˡ
΢ɲĵͷȥϢɡ
Ȼǣף覽ݡ
ҹףҲ⡣
ϴ˯ɡ
뷨̧ȥǽϵĵƿء
ϾУ˵׼ȷҵָָ֣죬ʮָۡ
ףһ㶣˵ϢͻȻƽ˲佫ѹǽϡ
ʵ͵飬ûء
һ谵֮Уֻǿ˵
Ϣȴʼհ
ȵĵ¶ȼֱ˷
ף覵һʶĽе硭
Ů˵Ҫģ׾ܹԭʼ
꣬ҡͷ˵ڽҸ磬һΪһֹ
-

337¸ƾ

ͷϵζȵĺĲϣף覽ŵֶ߬
˵硱ƺֻĵů˲ӵôԼ˵ô᲻һջ
ΪҲĿ֮УʮָۣĽţĸܵ
һƬڰ֮УйϸĲӡ
ǱƤ֮£һѪ
ζ
ӲݺȵĴԹľߣȻ°ͣǼ⣬ȵķ̵Ķ
š
Ů˵ʱ÷ġ
˵ĵЦڶϣĸˡ
ҵġ
ף覵ŵļἫᣬǽҪ˵ʲôȴֱİһеȫ˼
ҸղŶȵƾͺˡ˵
ףһ㶣̫΢Ĺֱ治ڵı顣
˵ҾͿȻľƺԣطˡ
ף覵ǣڡ
ƣѣֻ̲סҪ㡣
֮
ֻһǵĶȴء
ף覵ָͣ΢΢ɬɬʣ㣬ף׹𣿡
ͺһЩеȵͽˣû
ĺڰЩǰ˻һֱ˵
硭
治֪ĺڰ֮Уһξ;׼ĺסĴף覽гĳƺʱȷеǡ
ռĿƵһĿǻ⹥ռء
Ӧ˵ǣ䴫ϸȫջ˵̡
һαԴ
ɬӣĳԭʼģҪȥӭĿһ˲佻һ𣬽ġ
ԭѾ뿪뵽ԼĶڳûã˻ȥ
ߵǵǰŷַĵһֱûпǵһƬڡϵĲƣʲôأ
ɻͷòǡҲ̫̼˰ɡ
үֿϵˣһ㶼ģ֪Сܲܵס
߿ߣñүܺúð¡
ɿĴĵõĻᣬף覵ȶȥ
סССһֻŮ˹ԼĻԼſļͷ͵ʹϢ
Ǹ˵ҪʱҸţ
βż͵⡣
ʱгô˵ĻֲѳֲסԼ
ףһ㶣˱˻ԣ˵
˵ǽҵ˵ƿء
žر򿪣ʱһƬ
ˣͷһԼͷСŮҧŴһŰƴССƻ
߹һĨЦͦɰ
ףסԼ̵ͷǱ˾סСβͣСƢ㲻
һͨ죬ʲôÿġ
ˣ
Цһ§°͵Դ˵
ԺˣҲеǻӡ
ڲԺҲԿ
峿
ΪͶˣҪףһȥ̩۳һ
뵽ϵף覾ȥһܻʲôõָ˵ܰʲôطʡһǮͺһȥˡ
𿪳ǹȥ³Ժֿ̩۳ۡ
طѡġ
ʵôֱ׵ĺ̼Ҿ
ף˵ֱ׺Ͳֱ׵ķֱ𣿷ⲻܴҶǮö࣬٣˿۳ÿ̼ҵ˵ʱ򣬻Ӧһ¡
ѡֱַҪ̫
ף˵ȥɣһִµĽɽ
ʱһͣ˽ֶ棬˺ӳ
Ȼô̼ҵļҲ۳ĹϣһֱȱҪġ
˺ף覣˵߹˸к
覣Ǻþò
Цıʲôᣬüͷ΢ɲ塣
ЦôÿЦ
˺˵˵뿪̼ԺԽԽˣʳ֣Ϊ㿪ġ
ǣ𣿡Զζ˵ɶҪ۳̼ҾˡǼٵĿİɡ
˺һ㶣Ťͷףʵǡ
˺⻹ûкع档
ף覸Ҫܣ˵Ҫĺ̼Ҿ۳Ĵɶôˣ
˺ЦûʲôⶼǸƾ£覿۳Ҳʲôġ
-

338»˺

ףЦЦҺܿġ
˺˵ֱǾۡ
Ҳ˺ⲻ˽̼ҵȴϤ
˺⣬磬ʶ˺̼ûʲôλҲûгĴڸСڣܼγֶһˣôǰ˸ѶԸ
ԣһ㲻Ӧе㲻ˬŶ
˺⣬ֵҲ̫ƽˡ
˵汻ˣô
ܲǴ˺棬Ҳûϵɡ
ǡ
ףһۡ
Ҳԣ֮䱾ûѪף˺´Ķӣ뷨Ҳ֡
һЦ˺˵ղŵĽܲףҲֻǿ̩ͶˣҲδ򡣽ң
ʱ˺һ㶣еĳ˲졣
һȻ˵ı飬ԭյ֣Ҳ̧תסף覵ļ硣
˺סį
û뵽ϣҲô覰˺ڨڨ˵
ʼ磬ӹϣԼܴߵÿһ䡣ܸõչֻҪҪʱҾߡ
ףһ㶣̧ͷʵôˣ
ͻȻ˵ôĻһô̫ˡ
ЦЦ
ȻȨ˺Ѿ˺Сŵ㡣
˺ǿֻ̧̧ЦѾղˡ
ĵ׺
ֻ˺ֽʵʱеæһһֱûȥ覣ҹʱȥ𣿡
ף覵ͷʱӭʱʲô㡣
˺ĹϵǲģȻ̼Ҿˣ˺ֵ̫֮
˺ԸȥǺ¡
˺ˬʵЦ㵽ʱҪһߡ
û⡣
ף覻䣬ֶһ㡣
˵Ҫȥ鿴ˣʱеͲˡ
˺ȥɡ
Цǡ
ףߣܿͽ˺ⶪͷ
˺⿴˿ף覽СıӰת۳ȥ
˳ӣף覲ʵһʱ䣬ʱˣǲǶ˺ԲŲҺ˵
˵̼ûһˣĺӣܺõȥ
ףƲ˺ͦõģǣҲңǵøտʼҲʱΪõĵضβãҪңһطء
ǻһ¶۵ˣôô˺⣿ף覶䲻⡣
˫ִŤͷĴƺֲܿˡ
ףգգۣղŲС˵ʲô
ֹ㻹˵ʲôֻĵů˲ܽи磬ղŲҲ˺𣿡
˺òûи顣㲻һƺȲ㡣Ҳûкȵʸ񡣡
ףôһ˵ıźһ㡣
ף˵˺ﲻãֻиˣҲȥ㰡
˺ⲻãûʲô
Ҳвϲһ˵ʱ
֪ܵϲһ˵ԭɡ
ǿԶĳ˵ռǲֳʱεҲͷۡ
ף覴һĿӷΧŬıQ£˹
ף覲˵ץĸ첲ҡҡ˵ѽΪʲôǲϲ
ϲ㣡Ʋֵ³һ仰
ףһ㶣Ŀ
˺⡭ϲôûо
ף覻ɵŪ˰ɣ
һֱ˺ֻһõչ˰ˣϲϲģûʲôϵ
ѵǲܼγֲŵĲϲ
Ϊֻ˵ڵϲŽϲ𣿡˵ֲŵϲҲͬϲһ˵ϲҪŨҡ
ŵĶϲһ
ףɿĸ첲ʵô϶ģ
˵Ů˶˵ԼеУһһ׼֪ûΧŮˣҲֵС
֪˺Ŷϲ
ϲ˺⡣
Ϊܼγֶ֣˺ᵶս
ף覿㶡
Ƴһ̧ۣȥ
ðΣףת׷˷ܵ˵ǳԴ˶԰ɣ
һۣǰߡ
ף׷˵ΪԴˣŲϲ˺ĶԲԣ
ֹض㻹˺磡
-

339ô

ףһĨЦ˵ۣҳԷɴԭӰȻСҲͦɰ
֮ǰֻСٵĴףҲֵԼĴˡ
ǣ˲ƽ⣡
˵֪ҳԴ׵ĺʲô𣿡
ף覺һҲӣĴȥʵʲô㻹ҧһѽ
ǰһ֮ľ룬ǰС˶̧Цܡ
ȻÿɰִûԼӣԲŸô޼ɵܵͷҰǲǣ
ף覿ӣһֺܲõԤС
۽Ƴ۳߳ˣףָŹǵķתƻȥӲ죬Ӳ졭
Ӳ죬ôӣûôס
޳ֱһ̧ͽתܵףץס˻ȻĿ֮£ͷסĴ
ף覵Ĳһ˫۾㵵Ŀ
컯գôô飡
۵׶Ц⣬ףΪ߶ƿԼɿִ˶
մԱ׼ӭף覵ΰվ岽ĵطȥҲǣȥҲǡ
Щ˵ҪйһЩҲǺԼġ
Сﲻ
ô컯գǬģӰ಻ѽ
ף覵һۣסԼ˵Ժ
Ժɵעһ㣬ҪҳԴˡ˵ռ˵Ҹ˸ĵط㡣Ƥġ
ң
ף覲ܴôÿҲ²ȥֻ֣ܿƺĺһתΰ߹ȥ
ΰſף覸Цԭ׼Ҫ˵鶼˴롣
ʱһ㶡
ⲻǼҵĹ𣿡ʵ
۳ΰš
ΰŻף覣˵ӡͦ
ǰǡף˵
ΰ˵Ѿ˺۳ĹǰףСˡ
ɻĿף覣æһӺ۳˳Ǽǽǣ
СֶͦΡ
ΰæ˵ˣҾԼںûжǰ;ԲŸףС˱ǡ
ף覵ͷ˫ָ̯ΰ˵ⶼķθ֮ԡסˣҾˡ
Ҫһ۳Ҫһⷽоĵ֡ΰǶôѡ۳ʱ򣬾;ܰԼæ
ֻҪǽǵļ߳ǾͲˡ
ΰţԼֻǴܺᣬܶԺĹӯʽĶԲֻܸҪԼǣʩչԼʲôġ
̧СԴǺС覰ҪҪˣֱ߾ˡҶδϱûôСүүˣҸ㡣ԺҪŪô鷳ˣԡ
ף覣
̺ôЩʲôûǵ㼿ƭ˻ľү
˵ҲǵģͰԼ¡αأαء
ǰŪЩСŵǹعǰˣ
˵̧꣬ȥףڷгĬ
ʲô͸͸ġ
ΰſ˿ף覣ֿ˿ܾǻлȴֲβ͸ڶûʶԼǱף覰ƭġ
ΰſ˿Ѿ˳ֶף˵ףС㣬ҲȽȥɣмҪܸʶ
ף˵ȥ칫ҰɣҪ鶼˵˵ҪҼҲһЩ£Ѳӳӡ
ΰŴӦû⡣
ףһڰ칫ΰĻ㱨
Ȼȫû˵һ仰Ǵ΢ȻԿΰµķǺġ
ΰžǰ³־߹ĳӣڴĺһ֣ڰף覹ŻôĵӦ֡
֮ΰֽ˼ĸ˸ףʶ֮һǸɹüʦЩ֮Իף覵۳ҲΪǴǰ۳۴ѹˡ
Щ˺ף覲ſʵǿ̩۳ʲôָأ
Ӵ
ƺá
վ˵һж⣬ʱûСĿǰҵǮӦûдˮƯ
ף˵㲻Ҫ˵ϲ
˵Ҫ
˵һ㡣
ף̯֣ʡ
ָӣʵ̩۵ʲô
̾ڱǶ۽ܲһӿż۸Ż
ҪӮۣ̩۱Լʤ㡣
ڳӵһжãҪһʲôơ
-

340·

һ仰ʵ˵ϣƵ⣬ڻȥɨĹ֮ǰһֱ룬һֱ벻һõĽ취
⣬ףҲü
ף˵˺ܾãһֱ벻һԼķҲʹأҵĴҲ۳ƶǻ´ȥģûа취һξͽ˲֪ȡ
ף覵۾˵Ҽҹﲻһֱܴ𣿺ú취
ۣף覼ݽȥ
ΰſһۣĵүԲֳϡǵЩ˶Ϲ
٣أܲںһЩ˵ĸܡ
ףС;үĲڴŹͷ̸
鲻ܿ
ʱѰĪף覡
һΪĴսֱһΪбڶߣ˱ӰΧ˵£졣
ĵҪϷŹĶ
ÿ㡭ףҪǰƿһ㣬ȴûץס֡
ЦЦĴָĲֱ
ĳ˵Ļȴûһ⣬˵ЩɣҸ˪ͿͿ
˵˪ʱڽ˪飬ĿŵĳĶ
ĶʼۣŤͷΰ˵۳ףСˣҪȳȥûб˿ţõ㡣
ףһԼҪһĿռɣѹŵͷϣ
ΰ㶣漴һĿͷ
ͳȥ
ط˭˭ǲ
ôԼǸݣ
ΰкһȥĴ˷š
ף覿ʧıӰҪסȴЩ˼ڡ
ۿŷűϣף覵һۣںˣʲô
Щû˵Ŀ⣬Ķ͸ˡ
ֱף覵ϸӡ˫֧࣬ͷսĴ
飬񫡣
ͷסĴ꣬ĿҧⲻʱԹǣƷζʡ
ԽҲͶУһжõʱ򡭡
塪
ףէȻعһӣϵĲ豭ˮ˳˳ʡ
ףæҵذѲ豭û˺ܽӴ飬еֻĵɬ뾪š
һɫƮŵƻҪڡ
ףһְۣϱȻԱߵ绰
绰ڽͨż͸绰ߴ˹ιףС𣿡
ŵ绰վڰ칫ϻһɴҲ˼СӣмǱ
ףһʹ绰߹أ˵Ҫȥ۳زŻһʱ佫绰
ףżһ㶣Ҿǡ
һ覣̩һл𣿡
ףһжܺãǲˣ
Ӷͷü˵е㸴ӣһʱ˵ең˶ˡҪǷ㣬͸ϽһˣҪʱ򡣵ʱٸϸ˵
ף˵ھ͹ȥʮԺᵽ
˵㡣
ףҪҵ绰ʵȵȣںһ𣿡
ף覿һۣڵߡ
̫ˣ˵ү鷳ףС𣿡
ףһ㶣ʲô£Ҳڵר鷳һ˵ĵزɡӦҲ֪ϲľƽ׸鷳
˵һ·ʲôΣգү㣬Ҳ԰űߣ֮Ҫһ䵥
ıƺеء
ƳĹһۣӦû⣬ȥ
ŷĵعҶ˵绰
ף覺һۣת߳˳İ칫ҡ
һ򿪣ΰž˾񣺡үףС㣬ǵ̸ˣǲǿԿʼӵˣ
ףҡͷǱʱ˵״Ҫȥ۳ȹšʲô飬ʱ绰ȥϵ
ΰſһżӣҲ鲻򵥣ҵף覵ʱ䣬ֻ˵İɣ۳ҹš
ף覵ͷˡ
ǣߡ
˳۳˳ķȥ
Ǹչֿ֣ھͻȻһֳֹеˣ˹
Щ˰ǰ·ΧסȻǲǾô뿪
-

341ɨ

ף覵ҲǵһμǰѧʱҲͷβСǾһȺܡ
Щ˺ʱ򣬴ͷѪС
ף覴Щ飬һˣҲǾԶ֮ߡԼ鷳
ǽһȺˣȻǳġ
üͷһ壬ΪʲôԼҪף䵥Ǳ˲֪Ҫˡ
ӦҲƵ飬ܷ˸ص飬زûڵһʱף˵
ӱڽֵ룬ͷһۡ
үô죿
ְףԼߴ˵һܷʲôʹڳϣóţĶҲҪȥ
˵꣬Ҫ򿪳ȥ
ףһ㶣ץĸ첲ŵ㡭
ʮˣĲ
ɵ˵ڳ
˵飬͸
СʱΪ㱣ŻԼĻʲôǽɲǡ
˳˭ڻΪԼ׶ŮˣǾڳ˵Ρ
Ҳ򿪳ӣԾԾԵ˵Ժ̫ƽҶûʩչȭŵĻᡣһΪʲôһԴţ쵹ɽˡ
ףҪǿһЩҲǱȲ˵ġ
ͺñڴϣǰĳ棬ΪһŮˣܳԿ
ף֪һ㣬û³Ϻȣ³Ժ˳š
⿪Լ¿̧ۣǰ˵˵˵ɣ˭ģ
һͷĻ˼ϣͲùˣǸŮ˵ˣǮ£ǺûֻҪѳǸŮ˽гǾͷ㡣
²С䣬￴һۣ˵ŮˣҵŮˡҿܻ·𡣡
ͷĻһĭЦȻǶһģǾֻһʰˡ缸ϣ
ʮһΧȥӶĹ
ףսȭͷһƬ亹
һǽȻ˿·硣
һδεĶ㿪ЩĹȭͷ̵һԺ󣬴ӶԷһȺ
ǰɹҪծĻʱҲǳܣͷˣҲʱһһġ
Ҳˣԭ۾ˣڲʵʵ˼꣬Ķ˵ڴⷽǱһҪġ
ӺЩ˵С춼̵ڵء
Ķͷ߳һ㱡Ҳࡣ
һȦȷЩ춼ûˣŶĹӣγ˹ȥ
򿪳ţף˵Գˡ
ףĿһᶼûж
ף覺ȻЩ굽Ǿ˶飬Żܶô
һ㶣ǰ˻ӡ
ŵˣ
ףæҡͷûСû¡û𣿡
˵СİɣС£ûˡ
ǰĶˣϰˡ
һȺ˵Ǻ仨ˮһһǶܵĹһŽˡ
ף覻ǲģץסתתȥǰǰĿ˺ü飬ȷûʲô˿ڣŷġ
˵С㣬үܿأͷİɡ
ʵղЩʶ𣿡
ףҡҡͷɫȫʶһӡûС
Ҳ֪Լ׵˭ȻᱻôΧŹ
ֶԸҲ̫ˡ
ĬĬҪѵˣӦˡ
ף覵ļ˵ȻɣǱߵ֪ôˣػڵء
ף覵۽޲˲ȥ·϶ᱻΧ£ֻ
ȥ·ϣףһҲû˵һ˫ʼûзֿ
ȻףѾ׼ǵڿǰʱĿľüͷ
Ҳһ㶣ǲߴ·ˣʵûɣȷ
Ȼ·֪߹ٶٴˣ̽ͷ˿·ƣȷһԼͣĵط
ף観˵ֿڣû
˵طŪòˡ
ף˳վڽֿһȥĿ֮ĵطȫǱõ¶̯ӡ
Щûа̯Ҳòȥȫ˷մһء
ﻹǴǰʢǴǰǿɨҲûڵҪ
-

342ץһһ

һЩŮ˷Լ˵ſ£Ϲŵ۶ûиɡף覴һ̻Ǵ붼ˡ
ף覴ȭͷ߬ôᡭ
ľӪȻһ֮ڸˣ
ʱȺпصӰ
Сմһ߳ϾҪ߽һ̡
ףȥеأ
ػͷһף覣ͷС䣬첽˹ȥˣ
ף̧ͷضͷϰŵɴʱüôˣ
ز˼ͷղŲСŪ˵ġ
ûһֱ̧֣¶Լϵ˿ڡ
ףŭô˵ģ
³һȱ˵ҵˣ·û°ɣ
˵֮ǰĹǶԵģ·ϻˡ
һ㶣ŵʲô£𣿡
ף˵һȺ·ΧŹǣˣǶû¡ڿԸʲô˰ɣôһϵʱ䣬ͱˣ
صɨһۣƵ˵ϴžŵӵʱۼˣ϶żһһԲϾʹŴžʹ
ףʵıûȥ𣿡
鷢һ֧ǷôʱѵΪ
ط˵ˣǶԷ̫࣬ʮˣǱӵʮ˸סŹ˫ΪӶ£ѱӵ˶ˡӵ˻֮Ⱥ˾͸һ˾ʹ򣬲ٿ˶Ϊˣ̻û⡣
͹ֲ˱ӣѾˣʮȫˣֻû뵽Ⱥ˻Ǹӡ
ףνţŭ𼸺Ҫյǡ
ϵˣҲʱŪðɡ
Χǵ˶ԭ
ףҧʵ˵Щ˶ôˣ
صͷ˵Ѿһʱ͵ҽԺȥˣڱӸûпõˡЩ̻ҲڰҰĵǼʧ
ף覿һ룬ܵʧɲһ㡣
̫Ѩͷ۵˵պͬдģ̻ǵҩȫˣЩصĿ˵ҽҩѣҲʧͳһǼǣ֮ٲǡ
ʧԶֹɼôһ㡣
δ죬¶ҪЪҵˡ
ճ£һͣҵӰܴ
̻ҪӵԱҲҪ̽ʱûˡһ۳Ҫͷۡ
ҡͷôŲǰ취Ҫٷһ飬ҿȺ˸ͲǼ򵥵ĶŹרųġ
طЩ˳Ժ󣬴ҶεģҪǣרŴ̻ĵطֱۣҪ˳ʳ⡣
صʱΪè壬˹ⰲЩ£ŻףСһ㡣
Է鶼Ұôȥɼף覵ĵⲻһ
ǰ˶Ըף覣ҲǺпܵģ
ɣһʼĶŹǼٵģΪľıӳ֣һƻɡ
ذյ˵ҵĴûǵȦͲӡ
ף˵ĴԷҪɫƣ㱣ӵ˲ȥҲһͷ
ʱȻʵôˣղôң𣿡
ĻʱҵĿⶼ˹ȥ
ףգ۵û뵽ĵ㡣
Ǹ˵ù䣬ǺֻΪǱȽϣȽѡ
˵İɣأµʱպҵİ칫ң¥ϴţûˡ
ʱɴ۾Ϊʲôȥİ칫ң
ףֱۣ㵣飬ڿܲоʱ򡣡
ϲһ˻ֵĺĲʱ
һ㶣漴ߵ˵ǲ̱ץסġ
ûõġ˵
ôûأ
ȭͷ˵Ǵˣ϶Ҫؽȥģץһһ
ף覿һۣͷԼ֫˵Ĵžˡ
˵ʱôң˭֪˭˭
ץģС£ǹַųˡǸ¶Կͷˣ֡
ɫص˵Ҫ飬ǵŪֽŵ˭
ȴ˵ڲԷΪʲôô֮ǰһŽǵıѾûпõˣԷһΣʧֻ󡣡
-

343±Ъҵ

ô˵Ъҵɡ˵ʱͣҵԷӦòٷ֡
Ҳеǿ˿ףʵأ
ף覷Ŷͷ۵˵ôˣ㿪ҵҲǮ˵鷳Ͱո˵ģŴЪҵɡҲôҺúˡ
ص˵ͷھȥ֪ͨҡ
һȥҸղŸǼʧСҶæʰԼ̵Ĳо֡
ף観³һ˵ҡ
ԺûٱԡƻǿӲֶΣǵһ˵ǿ϶Ǽٵġ
ߵ˵̫ˣҸطЪ˼
ԽʱԽţҪù˾͵óˡ
ֿһۣ˵ͱˣȥ⸽ʲôܰæģ֡
һʱ뵽
ôһŮˣ϶ҪԼֵģ
ô˵ǸһദĻᡣ
ȥһʱӦתȥˡ
ף覻ص˰칫ҡ
ףɳ˫Ĵϣüͷ΢΢ţ˿ƣĺܡ
ӣϣʵܲµʲô˰ŵ𣿡
ףҡҡͷ̼ҺҶӢп鷳ǵ˭ŵģڻ˵׼
̼һֱдгԹŽֲҲǲܡ
ֻҪ£Ҫ¼һʱ֮ͳ鲻ȥ̩ܿ۳飬϶Ҫӳ۳ҵ
ҶӢղܼγ˵ģǸŮ˸Ǹӡ
϶ԼǺҶҺͲܼҲļƻգҶӢ˱ԼΧԼĿҲС
ˣ˭п¼Ļʹ
˵˫һ£֪ܿ˭˽顣
̼ҵ˰ŵģ̼˵ı޳ܣˢʶ
ף̼ңҲû޳ܵȥȺŹ˵ĵز̼ұ£Ǻʲôֱ
ҶӢйأãҶҲûڱǵıҪˡ
һҶӢ覵֪飬ûжҶӢҲȷǲˡ
ˣҪ۵ġ
ף̧ͷ˵ҵӺע̫ƽ
ԭΪԼڱǵҵɫĺܺã̼ǰü
û뵽ҵŸ𲽣Щֵ顣Ȼ̫ᣬ鿴̫ˡ
˵Ǵǰ
ףһ㶣ǰ
˫ִ˵ߣʲô͹ʲô
ڵʱ
˭֪ʱף覵ͷȻЦ
ʵͻȻЦʲô
ղŵ黹ôôת۾Цˡ
ף̧ͷ˵˵ôͶʶҪְٷ֮ʮ
üй˽ҿ۸㣬˲С
۸ף覣ֻҪ֪֮ļѡǱ۸ף覣Ǿĵߡ
˵һȥ飬أ
ףſڿһۣ˵ҵһͳʧҪұ
֮⣬̻ʲô飬ҲҪ
ô벻ˡ
ƽһ㣬߹ȥСԴ
͹ԹԵģҪϹܣһ㡣ûһ֮ԼȥʵȥǾͽȻҲġ
ǰʱڸһϵ÷ֺܸߣＸûܴùţһ˲ף覡
ףһȥæɣʣµ飬ԼԴ
ȻҲȫûа취Ӧԡ
ֻտĳʱЩŵ˶ѡ
ߺ󲻾ãؾͳʧԱף覡
ĺһʱڸ㶨
űõ⳥ʵ컹ȥοʲ̻ͬ㶼ʱɣ
ף覵ͷ˵û⣬ʱ䣬Ҷճ飬ͰܵŰɡ
صͷ˵Ѿˣղų¾ֳ˸绰˵ûʲô⣬ûɣ
ף˵û
ȻܵǣҲһߵˣ֮ҲֻǻĹϵָܵǲƨɡ
ĶˣܵҲΪԼûн
Լ飬ǸԼ
ǻûŪ󵷹˭Ҳó¾ֳ֡
-

344ɾĶ

Ӹպͼ̼ͬһ˶ٷ
˵ĺ㣬Ϊͬĸ顣˵ˣǱ˴֮һλ̽
ףھϵ츳չ¶һİŵľҲף覸⿪ˣף覵ʯһףŮˡ
˵ڰϵ̼ҵһЩɶǶ˽䱸
֪ҪͨЩ߽̼ͬңЩΪ浹֮ǰסǡ
㣬Ǹճ극ӷͼ˿ڳߵ
ﻹһ̣ϣ͸¶ֵ⡣
ǵһμʱֵľͲǺѺãڼӣҲûоú⡣
ʲôʱºĺ̼˵ǲ֡
湫ӣǰ˵òΪ˵ǰɣ
촩һɫװ·ϴ廨ƾϸȻһɴǰ⽨ʱĸо
̧̣ۿ˿վŵӡ
ҲŻͷһۣӶҲ֪ôֱĵڿʲô
˵£һȺ˳ң֮ǻ˾ˡ֮뿪۳Ժ󲻾ãͱһȺ·Χ¡
ü£Ӧȥףǰʲô
ʵ㵽˵ʲô
ǣƤЦⲻЦ˵Էһר̹һ䣬Щ˸òΪ覲˳۲ȥİɣ
´ʱŭ˵ʲô̼һû޳ֵܵزҲԲᰲЩ
ԽԽˣĨ̼ҲҪиȣô̼ҵͷϡ
̧Ƴһۣ̼ʲôûʸ˵ġ˵ģʲôᰶ˵ʸ񡣡
ΪףϳЩ£ܲãҲǽʲôǡ
Ȼ֪˭ֱ̲չף覣̼Щˣʼһϡ
´Ǻһº͵˴˿̾ȻҲƢ
˲Ҫ̫֣˵̼ҲǷģƾʲôˮҰֵѾˣǿǸ˵ķϣҲõ˵Ļ
´ףЦ̼ҿûȱµ顣
˾͸и˵ӣԽԽ黫϶Ҫ
ǰЩ£öġ
˵ף̫֪ˣŻ⵽˵ıôӦûȥ̽˱Nɪʲôʱ¶֪
üһֵˣ֪ԼŮԺķӦ
߬ȭͷŤͷ˵ͲҵŮˣûĲФŮпǰˣᣬúùܹף覣ǿҵĺܣ˭֪һλ£
ıһ۵͸ֺ⡣
Ͳڴʲôñ֣ǵ׶Щȴͷһݡ
ͬʱȴְһףûкһҪĻĵײֻ֪Щʲô
֪жʲôСûеõԺҲںֻƭ˵ġ
ΪûеõĵײŻӲԵϣ
ǰˣȴѾ֪ڵڼηǵĸŮϵˡ
Ҳʹġ
̣ͷ˽ֽǡ
߽ϵƤЬɫεúͼλûйϵҴҪǶʲôżˣҲ̫á
üļһ֣Ҫʲô
Ȼڱ˴ʵǮⳡȴһֱûмֶΡ
ȴҪˡ
ľүҵĹӣһܳһˣ֣ķƱ任
һִ˹ȥô飬ò̼˵̼Ҳæء
´Ĳ뿪
һۣ˵ү̼ҵļϰף覴ߵʱΪүжı¡ڿҲδܹ˺ˡ
ɫʱһŮϵˣʲôʸ˵覵¡
˵ϵ·ϵֱ˵˵ղ˵ģѾŮˣôҲòָֻš
ĬĬ³ĸ֣Ϊ֮
뿪Ҳת˳
ɫʱѿСʵүǽʲô
۵һƬ𺣬˽ϣҪɾĶˡ
-

345ºǻ

ȵĻͷүҪˣ
ʵҪѻҲ𣿡
һ˫۵Ҳϡ
ͷ̫ȣϵȴĮ˸ܲᡣ
ڱһֱ̫ˣЩ˲ŸˣŸƤӵ¶ף覶֡ʱǸʰһͨˡ
˵֮ǰһȫ׵
Ҷұݡ
ҶӢһųɹ̫ϻƬƹ
ߵСŮӶմϢʱЪҵˣ
Ӷ˵ԣմϢЪҵҲû˵˵Ҫһʱ䡣
ҶӢΪжı£飬ЪҵˣҲʲô
ԣĲʹ죬³
ܼγϻһףж˲ӣһȺһ֣ף覻ǹԹЪҵˣ
һˣҲڱǺԣ浱ҶǺ۸ġ
Ȳܼγ֪ף観Ժ󣬲֪жż
ôף覣ʱıһȤ
ҶӢȥʵףôŮ˺ôˣ
Ӷ˵ûô˵Ϣ֮ǰȥѵˣˡ룬Ӧûʲô¡
ҶӢ۾ŤͷӶʵǽʮȥ·𣿡
ŮӶͷ˵С㣬ߵǸƺͦġף覵ͷ˿û
ҶӢĺʱ˴룬һȺ
ܱܣЩֶǶô
ŮӶʵǸǵĹǮ飿
ҶӢ˵㿴ɣһȺûõĶһף覶ʰˡ´λɫ˲С
Ӷ㶣´ΣҪ˰ɣǳ͹ˣҪٺף覹ȥˡ
ҶڱҲţ鱾Ͳʡ
Ҫ汻ץסʲôѱǿɾͲ̫ˡ
˵ף覱ˣҪǶԷǸҶǲĴҶҲǲˣ
СﲻҲ͹ˡҪȥҶҵӰҲá
˭֪ҶӢ⻰ŤͷߵӶһۣ۵׾Ȼ¶ֶףʲôϵ
Ӷһûйϵ
ûйϵ˵ҶӢץֱߵƻҵӶ˵ϣ˭㹤ǮҼˡңͱڱǺûǹأ
ȻҰףǸ˵ûкúýѵȺˣǶ뷭ˡ
ӶæϵˮЦҲ˵ǵСˡС㲻ҪһƽϣҾǳһű죬ҵĻСġף˾Ǹúýѵԣ
ҶӢӶؿӶһۣ³֣֪ͺã
Ӷ˼ȶһЩ߹ȥʵС㣬׼ʲôʱҽ̫̫ݣΪ˰飬㿴
ҶӢüͷԼĶӣԽ߬Խ·߬һӡ
ҶӢ˵˵Ҵ̥ԺͺѻϺ𣬰ѵûбİ취𣿡
Ӷ˿յ˵Ҫڲ򣬵·ݴ򣬾͸ˡ¸ϲð
ҶӢͻȻУҶҵ˶ˡ
Ϊ˱סҶӢǲŻ뾡ҶӢ޳ȥŻһֱҪǰæĲܼҡ
Ҷû뵽ܼγϵ̬ȾȻôӲȻרܵҶȥ顣
һҶӢ鲻ûнڻһܼγ˻ۣҪҶӢĺܼγǲˡ
ֻ֣Լٴˡ
ҶӢʵͲҴӸٴ𣿡
ӶȰС㣬ûʱϵһ⣬ʹû˹ܵ㡣⺢һǾһˣʱɱڻôѵҪѺӸ𣿡
ҶӢʵǾͲԺ󣬰͸𣿡
һ뵽˺ԺҲϣ;ԼԺ޸ˣδҲûָ
ɲ޸Ժ󣬱Ц²˵ĸ
ӶһżС㰡ӵԿɱΪҪĶ࣬ˣܱ֤ԼԺܱ֤Ժ𣿡
ҶӢĬĬ
ҲԼһ鷳
Ӷ˵㺢Ӳ֪Լ˭ӵԺҪˣҪ㸧ʲôģծǻɾģ
ҶӢһ㶣Ӷ˵ĶԡǮܽãҪʱѾԼˣֳôһ£ӻôȥ
ô˵Ļ
-

346ͨ

磬ף߷˴󲿷˵̻
Щ˵أ͵ҽԺȥģףʱûȥ
һֱϾŵŴ꣬ʱغף覶Ѿ۵ݽɳָͷ붯ˡ
Ҳб֣ЩΪӶҪȥĵط̻Ҳʱȶ
ף̧һۣʵĲҪȥҽԺͷϿɲС¡
ͷϰɴ˵ǲһƤءȥҽԺڸȥúõ˯һ
˱ԺǱȴǰκʱҪæ
ף̱ɳͷ컨ʵǰ̻ѾοˣȥҽԺ
˫˵ţҪȥҽԺøЩ˵ĿǣһοƷЩ˵ҪᣬúõĶһʡ֮Ƚ۵ġ
ףһһûԵǵĺˣ䲻˵ɳϷ˸
ΪʲôƫƫǷʱԭбİŵģ
һ̧ۿʵʲôţ㻹ı飿
ף覾Լָͷί˵㲻֪ա
ƳһۣȻ֪ΪʲôҪ֪ա
£㻹뵽գǹȻ氮ѵ㲻ȥҽԺȥ𣿡
ף覼ɳĴȥˣ÷
ԭһȥء
ﻹ顣ҪôֲһεĴʧ
ǸشӣһҲҹ㣬һõС
ؿվ˵ֻҪһȥҽԺصľˣ磬㻹ڰһԶٷ
ף覶ʱ˾񣬡ģ
صͷţĵҾܽ
ף˵ĵȥߴһСʱܿգ
ҲǺܲңܱһĿ
ʱ̧ͷ˵ĵǰһҪ
ؿˣⶼˡ
ֻҪһᵽܺһǸӴ
˵ЪɣȥСǻûУһˡ
ף覵ͷɳﲻˡ
¥ճžײС塣
ػơС˵ǲ˭Ĺˡ
һ㶣ô죿
С˵ү˵飬µˣһġǵĻô࣬˲ѡ
ܼγµĻ죬ǶרҵġǰæҪҳֹˣ͸ˡ
СʵھȥףС𣿡
¥Ͽһۣôһ죬ӦˡһŮӼңͲôܿࡣ
סС˵ʲôˣȸ˵ɣһͷת
СͷεһҶҵġ
һ㶣ȷҶң
ȷŪġС˵¶ҶҵһˣǲǮǻǸӶ˾һֱչҶСӶˡ
ô˵Щ˾ҶСˡ
ʵЩµĻأ
С֪Ҫʲô˵ЩõǮѾɢˣԻԼĵطҪȫҳҲַʱġҪץǱǲס
ҾץǣҲԲԼɹ飬ʱһæ
صüšһֻġ
Ϊ춼û취ץȥؼ죬ǷųԺ󣬻һķǰ¡
ؿСһۣ˵ȻȥϢɣˣһĩĹġ
СֺǺǵЦЦֻҪǮʲô˵
תҪߣʵһȥСأ
С˵СղŻ·Ҫ˴绰ڽֿڵĵ绰ͤء
һɻô˻绰˯Ҳǹ㣬Ҽ׼˯ˡ
Сʵػ
ҡͷ˵ûУ˳һѡ
Сת뿪׼ȥֿڵС绰һȥ˯
ֿڵĵƻˣСվڵ绰ͤӰںڰŵ绰϶˵˼СĻ
ȷǳ˵顣
ܺãûˣİɡ
С¶ɻĿ⣬ⲻǺͼ˴绰ʱ˵
һСʵΪʲôԼأ
绰ͷ˳Ĭã˵ҲȥҲڱǡ
С˵ҿĺܿġ
绰ͷ˲̸⣬ֻҪҿˡ
-

347ҲǸ

Ѿ˵ϣԷȻˡ
С֪Լٶ˵Ҳֻ
С˵һᰴҪ󣬶ʱ
˵͸ֻ࣬ǸҸҪҿҪʲôص顣ΣգҲҪһʱҡ
С˵ס
С˵绰ŤͷͿСվ
СƬ̣һĨЦźʵС磬㲻ȥС˵ô
ûףС㣬ֻػ˵ͽˣһȥ˯С߹ȥ˿Сĵ绰ͤʵղź˭绰أ˵ôֵֹģ
С˵ûʲôǺͼ˴绰
СȻţͼ˴绰˵ʲô˵飿ʲôƽʱͼ˴绰ѵҲ
ۣɵòںʲô͵͵˭ɣ
СϵЦһС߹ȥһļ˵ֵܵģɲԼһǮǮһ
СпӣȻ˵СԶʳֵܡСһЦײһСļ˵Ǯ
С廳ɵؿ
С˵ҼһиŮպҲڱǵѧУأ˵£չչ˼СȥСˣŴ˸绰˵˵С¡
ֻҪǮûйϵСͶʱûȤ
СƲƲ˵
Сֳ԰ҼǸɿ٣ҹѧѾܲˡԺ˵չҵĹҪǰǸĻʳҲ̯ͷϾͲˡء
СЦһȶС˵ʱǮ˿ɱҽ谡Լǵ㹤ǮһŸҰֳء
СһۣüģСӣ
С˼򵥣ֻҪǮʲô
ֻҪҪǮʲô˵
СָָסķֺǺǵĶС˵Ȼȥ˯ɡһˣˡ¹Ǯǣ
Сǰͷ˸
СС屻Ūȥˣĵһ
ԺҸȫʱ绰УһС忴ýһ㣬һҪǻأǿɾͺŪȥˡ
ʱСֻͷеСŸʲô㰡
ˣˣСһ·СŸȥ
Сĵص칫ǣףѾɳ˯˹ȥ
ЦЦһ̺ӣף覵ϡ
ľ뿴ͻȻ֣ף覵òǰԽˡ
촽ǱһǾġ
صͷǹɵ㣬˵ľԽԽضЩ̲סҪ
ֹһεĸԼҪԼԶʱȴǰ㶼˵ġ
ͺñڣͻҪӵ
Ƕõһ
Цʱ۾϶ժǡ
ֻһܺþãҸһΪΨһ϶ˡ
ܲܣ˽ģ֪ʱĵһء
ף˯óȵĺıǼΪԣһֵΣΣյĵط
ֻ֮ʣ¼ףȴͻȻֱǱһ㣬˺ף֮ľ롣
ʲôڡ
һһζԺ󣬾ͻҪҪ࣬ҪռҪԼһ˵
֪ԼףҪһУô
֪ԼôһԺվߵʸûˡ
ĿǰܺףάֵģΨһĹϵ
ʱ¥ͻȻһɫĳ˵ƻϨ˴Ľ֡
ߵһӳ
һ㶣һ󣬴ϰ칫ҵţŵ¥档
ϴʵ¶أ
¥ݿڿһۣƽ˵¥ϣæһ죬ղɳһ˯ˡ
΢΢ף߹Ҫ¥
վ·ߴŷ磬ƽһԼ飬ȻҲûҪһ¥˼
һ¥ݣȻһ٣ת˵һ鷳㣬ӦòɣҲˡ
ؿʵΪʲôͻȻ˵Щ
ԾŵӣЦֻͻȻãҲ¶һˡӦòô㣬㲻ʱĴһ顣
˶٣ƵĲǧҪΪѺĵ顣
-

348ԺҪ˯

üʲôΪѺ͡
˵꣬˵ȷ˵¶ļ
ʣµĻӲıɤۣϲҲ²ȥһ̹˺ܵʲôҪȳ
ضʲôû
ԼЩ˼վǱ֪ˡ
ʵʱĬĬŵϲȱ¶ϲάƽĹϵһֱ㣬ǸӣȻһ㲻ôαˣҵһΡ
֪ڸԼҪ÷Ĺ
ȻϲǾֻһ˵ϲҪȥ߶ף覡
ΣɱġмԼĶֽо
Լǰֻףһ֣ܳΪף覵ҪԼ顣
ػƣأٴʵ
һĬ̧ͷ¶һĨЦ⡣
˵ү¥ˣ˵Ѿˡ
˫ֲڿڴվ¥ϵӰͦζأʲôʱҲˣϣչ˺
˻УϸĵӦ
ȷϲף覺ͱнԼڵʱҪˡ
һ㶣̧ͷҲܱ֤һֱϲ
ôãȻбĵʱ
ҵͷһھͰһٶҸףҴ򱨸棬Ҳܺף覼档
΢΢ҡҡͷ˵ҵĲ䣬ֻҲᷳҵһ졣
Ը⣬ȻһֱһֱףߡǵԸʱûվףߵʸˡ
ֻᷳ뿪վԶԶĵط
ҲԤУһ죬һ
֪ף覵ƽάֶãֻܱ֤һ֮ǰһߣҪһС
ԺȴŤͷһ
ףᷳ˭Ҳᷳġ㲻ڵʱҲһ첻ֹε㡣
ǸŮ˵һС
治ʲô
ͷЦЦڹӰϵȻҲԳ顣
Ȼ֪ףڻϲԼģֻǲ֪İάֶá
һȫԼװ
ġ
ǸʱȺκһ˶Ҫ
һʣת¥ȥ
˰칫ҵţһ۾Ϳɳף覡
ϸһ̺ӣɳ˯𣬺һֻ͵Сè
ߵߣ
ɳȥף覵۽޲˲ܿ˯ȥ
˽ȥӵǹɵĺܡ
ӦˣҲ˯ô
Ũܵĳޣֹһı˵¶ˣؼˡ
ף覵Ũʱղź˯˻ڵƤʲôʱҪֻҪɳһ˯źãϹ˭ء
ף覺ߺһŲŲɳﲻˡ
Σֻܰá
ף˱ˣƤȴû̧ҡҡλεĲۣǰһͽͷš
Сһţߵ
붯ֻۣ˯
˯һһ
һһǰŮ˯˹ȥֻȵĺıǼһһ۽޶ˡ
̾һ££ϵ̺ӣã÷ȥȻֱӽɳϱ߳˰칫ҡ
ؼ˱¥Ϊף¥ϵʱʲô˧ˣŵʵôˣ
˵ĺƽɳﲻ붯Ҿͱˡ
Ŀףһۣе㲻Ź۰ɣ
һ̺Ӿʹ¥ϱ֪˻ҪΪ֮䷢ʲôˡ
ףҲӰɡѵ˵̱ˣ
ʵұδϱʲô׵
˵ǱˣԺҪ˯ء
Ŀ¥һž쬵ġ˯еף覶壬Ļ
Ťͷһۣ˵š
˳ţ˽ȥ
ףԾ˯ڳʱ˶ԼƨɣҲûж
ѳϣ紵ף覣ȻŶ˵췼Է
վ·ߣĳףԶȥ
һֱվԭûжֱʧڽֵͷ˫Ҳ紵ñˣƵת߽¥
-

349ҵأ

峿췼ԷСΧһǰ棬ĺСڵһࡣ
ϲ࣬Ŵװġף覺ĳա
һʱûи˵ʲô
һ̲˷ŵף覵ǰ£ϣ˵ʲô
ף˵СȥµˣҲ֪лûУǼ¡ˣһˣֱɣӦҲ鷳㡣
ף覿ЦЦɫȴĪĳҪ
ףһ㶣Ĺע֡
Ӽвˣȴץס֣Ƚ͡
ף˵ҽ첻ҪȥҽԺֱҹȥȽʡʱ䡣
ͷҨһ࣬ĸҽԺȥֱӹȥˡ
ͲʲôȵˣΪ˲ԼСŻװûһشߡ
Ͱظˡ
ĺ⣬ףȴܾˣãȥ飬Լ顭
ʲô飿̧ͷ˵СİڲԼλðǵĹϵҪ𣿡
ף㶣ͻȻİԵǲãǡ
˵ȥش绰˵һȥ
Ųף覽͡
䲻Ϊ˺һȥҽԺĽ͡
ףĬĬڲûж
ŵ绰ʹ˸񣬡ȥ
ף覾˾촽˵绰˸绰˵ԭί
ԭѾһװҪžͽӵ绰ŵ绰һĬ˹˵𣿿Է
زŻȻѾǵĶףסһĹϵˡ
Цû£һֱӹȥˣûš˵ֱҽԺɡ
áף覹˵绰߻زʵˣ
⡣
ϱôɣȻˡ
Ƿ¶ı飬ֶףʵҵգҵأ
֪ףжϲԼҲȷף覾ûǽԡ
ףʵʲôУôôҪ
ʲôȱˣôôϲ˸ľϲ
ûк¡Ե¡
еĶǶԼģûʲô塣ף覸ģֻƽһ·Ƕǲһġ
⡣ôӹ׵ķһȽϣ
ףվ߽˷
һһС˳
ף覰Ѻɫĺӷŵǰԭϻٰ㡣
ùӣɫĳ׳ֱεޱԸС
˵ʱһֱĵĺܣһộҸֶӦóŶԡ
õĿģ˭֪ᷢʲô˭֪ʲôġΪʲôá
򿪺ӣһɫ
ܾϸָȥܸܵǳǳɫơ
ף˵һ쵽̸⣬ֶӦúҪɡ
ȻҲȱϲԼһô
üǡɫ
Ϊʲôɫ
Ц㲻֪ҵ·ǺɫżʱıװҲǻɫ߰ɫ
ףһɫʲô·أ
ȻЩЦ
סһ飬ôִ᷸
ף覵˫ֵ°ͣ۾˵Ȼ·Ǻڰףɫϲɫ͸ȻҪϲĶ͡ôҪõ㲻ϲɫ
Ȼ֪װΪʲôѡϲɫܲҲѡôĶɡ
漴ͷЦ

ǵȻֻһ˽ңף覵˵ΪδޣҲǺ˽ġ
βͶҪҡӣ̲סͷ
ʵϲĺܣóߵȫǰ˱ȣҪҪȻͿķĩ˵Ǹϸµı־
һ㶣濴һۡ
תףʵʲô
ףЦЦ־ҡȥζҵˣҲЩɵŮ˿ԺԶһ㡣ң˵һˡ
תʵʲôʱҲעֶˣ
ȻҲҪԼ
ѵãʵ̫ѵˡ
ڸоԼĵ׺Ĩһۡ
չȻǸӣԺҪף߹գ
ף覷˸ۣ˵СٳԺɡ
ǸŮ˿úܲ
˵һܰһΣȻҲòףǸﲻأֲԿ
-

350ҾþƵ겻

ף覿ϵһۣʵ㻹
ȻȻҪ͵ôܲ
ҪҪ
ΣȰԼˡ
˵ϱ͵ѵһ˱رԼȫ԰ӵ£
ף˵һòã
Ѿְ̧ϵԼĲϣá㣿
Ǽ㣬ڳʱ䡣һ죬Ҳȫԡ
ף˷ܵ˵ĵ㣬ʱҵͲദˣǱߵĺ캣ۼ
ϵ߻˵ۼû˼
ףһ㶣ʵҪ
ЦЦЦ˵Ҿá캣ԱߵĺǾƵ겻˵ǼҵľƵܵҲ
ףֲСˣȻ˼
ŵúһͣ˶ɵһ㡣
ֳûǰ㣬̹ޱȵһ䵽ԷӯǰãҲѾˡ
ʲôãףŵˣˣå
Ȼɫֱ˵ʲô˵ѾˣǻͿԿҷֿ˯ˡ
ףһ㶣ղ˵Щ˼
Ǹƨ
ǹԼ
һĨЦֺܴȻ˵ûϵ룬Ҳ㡣ȥʲôƵ꣬ڼͿԡϣȥķ仹ҵķ䣿
˵Ž⿪ףǱˣ˵Ųñˡʧ⣬ףһƨˤ˵ϡ
ʹ
ͺһһû
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ף覴ӵ·˵˭û˵Щң
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Ȼ˵˺Ů֮䣬󲻶Ҫߵһ𣿡
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ףصѵǻ󣡻󣡣
һô˵ô̹̹أ
Цǲô˽ӳɻ飬ҾûҪôءҪҪĿԳȫ㡣
ף覵ͨ졣
죬Ĳȥˡ
ôͳҪˣҪʲôҪ
ԩͷϣǾԲϵģ
ףʵܱܲЩ£Щģ
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ۣʵѵ㲻ϲң
ףʵϲʲôϵǲϲҲһ鰡
ΪʲôҪ鳶ϲķȥ
ĸĲһϰߣҪס
Ȼ׵Сû뵽ںõĿ
̹˵԰ϲ˶飬ǻϲĹϵǸӦ𣿡
ף覣
ôʲô
˵ʲôᱻ׽ȥ
ףæһҪȥҽԺˣʱˡȻݻ·
üǡ
ף覻ͷһۣ㲻룡
ҡͷЦЦ
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ղ˵Ŀɶﻰ
˵Ͷ󣬺οֱѪյʱ򣬻쿴ϴȥ
ĳȥѾӷ~~
ô죬ԼҵĹȻԼ
ֳ̧˳ԼҲתݻһ·
˵׼ʱף͵ҽԺſڡѾˡ
ף˳˻֣ϼ
˵עⰲȫ
ؿ˿֮ж͸ŨŨˣеҪԼһơ˵ЩֵֹĻ첻Ǿͺף覺úõ
ҹ﷭ȥ˯žԴ˼ϣǸͷβĴ
һǲ۲Żȥôࡣ
ǺúõĵĻưɡ
ף߽ҽԺʵҪˣ
˵߸
ף覻ͷһۣôࣿ
˵ûܿƵѾܲˡ
ף̾һ˯ԺСûУ
طıʼǱͷһļ¼˵ѾˣҶҵǸС˸ɵġӦĺ㡣
ز
ףȴʵ̼ң
̧ͷؿ
ף˵ȷĺ̼һϵûУ
غϱ˵ҿɲϣ̼Һ鳶Ϲϵ
-

351ҪŮ˵Ŀ

ףʼ磬ҾЩ⣬̼ξȻûг֡ͻȻӦ̼֮ĻˣҾȻе㲻ϰߡ
治飬һЩǰ鷳ͻȻûв鷳飬ʵ̫˾þˣ
ĬĬʵҺҲе㲻ϰߡ֪ԷһŮˣҪôԸ
ףһ̬Ⱥܲá
ŮôˣԷŮҾҪͬĴ𣿡
ҪĴҶӢѵͻŹɱˡ
ҶӢ֪ڵ״˵ĸ͵Цء
ףĳ˵Щ£Ů˿ɱҺݶˡᣬԺ˵ҪŮ˵Ŀأ㻹һŮ˽úá
ԼҲǸСѾͷȴҲˡ
ؿףĬĬŮ˵Ŀûٳԡ
ף覲֪ʱ򣬶֪Ѿ˶ٸͷˡ
ŮҲϲҾϲġؿһֱߵĲ˵209ˡ
ףһϺܿһ˭˶ϲ΢Ц
飬һĵӦּ֡Ц̫ˡ
ף̧֣¡
֮Ŷ룬ãף覡
³һҲ߽˲
뿪ҽԺԺŶ˵үѾǵ˵ˣǶڵָʾҪʲô
ϵǰ˵ǲ۴Сһ顣Щȥˣȫͷֿ⡣ֻҪҵһˣʣµˣȫܾ
ӺӾ￴һۣҪЩһˣүĶŭˡ
ʲô̧ʵ
ջ߼·Ǿþүر𣬺ǰЩ̫һ
ֹǲһͲһɫϵһǾүԼѡġ
ۣòÿ
˵;үܴɫǾүϲɫүӦúϲɣ
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ʶ̧ϵ£Ǻϲ
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챱Ǽ䲻̫ƽ
ȸܵһеĲ̼ҲҶңǲܼҡ
һܼγϾͻһ·׼Ű¡
¶ɺףйء˶ּ򵥴ֱİ취Ȼܾôȥ
һĻģû۸ףأôñķͷ֣
ҪʰЩ֪ߵغĳСһ٣ҲǱָʹҶӢúõĳԣ֪ʲô۸
ܼγϻһ˫ƤЬճţʹӽͷһ·˹˵ү챱д󶯾
ܼγϵüҵҶӢȥˣ
Ůķ˰ɣ
ģΪŮͲҶ
˵ҶӢǱˡϱ߽ϺȻϰٸˣЩһ֪Ǻǵģ֪Ҫʲô»ȫϱߣ챱Ҫ¡
ÿطһԼۼŻÿŻҲԼĹءһ˵ƽʱЩŻǲڵ˵ĵȥģǶԷǵ档
ЩŻƽʱһʲôͷҲרŹǵˣʲôҪ顣
ǽϱͻȻۼһˣʲôҪжˡ
ϵܼγδضܹܵϣЩϵ飬ȴ˽⣬ϾһĻ춼³Թ
ܼγʵŪ˭𣿡
˵ЩҲҪ̵ģǴӱĵطйġүǵˣߵǶЩ˻᲻ģ
ܼγһ㶣߱룬ڱûôôͻȻôˣ
ܼγϽŲȻһ٣òɣ
ļңҪ֧ʹʲôˣȻҲǴ졣
ͻȻ˽ʲô
ܼγϵͻȻһ䣬˵ǱŭˣԲŽҪҶӢ˰ɣ
һŭΪգ԰
ȻеĹϵ磬ͦͣ
ͦ뿴Ϊףһ
㬵˵ҵֲǱǣҪ˭ҲûôסοЩ˻ǴԶģܲܶùҶҵ˻˵
ҶӢһֱôŵвүΪڱҲеүεΪе嶯ˡ
-

352Żǽ

˭֪ܼγȴ̧صһ¹ĺ˵㶮ƨô꣬үǰ׵ģ
ܰ˴й˵ĵס
ܼγ˵ǵǿԺúÿһϷˣôһ·񣡡
ãҲԽ飬̽̽ĵס
ʵǾͲˣһǲˡ
ܼγ˵ȵȿȵСʱҪˣ˵ҪˡҪԸһˣǲȺܾõġҪСʱûȥЩµˡ
첻һҪҵȥµˡ
ܼγϾôڼţûвϱȺۼЩ˵顣
һСʱԺ󣬹Ϣүжˡ
ܼγɳʵȥĶˣ
˵һȺץ˼ˣ֮ǾɢˣǷֿȥˡһץ˺üˣǶŵ֮ǰȥֹˡ
ܼγһ֪ԼĲ²ǶԵġ
˫Դ£³һ˵Ļʹˣòϳˡץж𣿡
˵ȻУǲ춼ô𣬽ֻͬʱĵطһ㡣
˵ˣô£ʲôģֻҪûܵǰû˻ܵġ
Щסˣֻรˡ
ǲ֪ץסԺ󣬻ôԸǡ
ܼγ⿴һۣЩʵ˵ʱϢӦöѾȥˡ˵󲻴˵СҲСЩ֪ҪʰԺӦöҪץ飬Ҳõˡ
̧ͷһۣզòүл
Ȼһ룬ܼγ˷ܵʵҪҪô˻ᣬȥοһףأԺҶûüȥĹΪһѣôôûģǲǣ

үף覵Ķˣ
ʲôѣүΪŻǽǣ
ܼγվƨ˵죬һȥ
ڨڨ˵ǲүףӦö
ܼγһ㶣Ϊʲôڣ
˵ҶӢȥֹԺʱЪҵˣʲôʱ¿Ż֪Ӧò
ܼγüĶȥҳ
˾ҪڰջᣬôõĻᣬôܴ
ڱǵһЩ˵ֱҪһ졣
ЩںСƳŷͻȻһǰķϣȻǾһٿᡣ
ЩûŪ巢ʲôͱ˴ߡ
Щ˴Ҳû뵽Ϊ֮ǰ˸ǵˣŻ顣
ΪЩƽʱǲʲôµˣԾǳ飬ҲûΪǱʲô
˶ΪֻһЩѰģԲŻᱻ
Щ˱׷һ·ΪѰӻܽЩȫܼγһ´Ժ󣬴Ӻ˳
һϵʱ䣬ĴڵģΪǻ֮һ֣Ըûȥܡ
µˣûһӵˣȫʰһԺ峡ͷֿ⡣
Щ˵ͷֿԺ󣬻࿴Χ죬ļֶǴǰһµЩˣ֪һ
˭ôľҪԸǣȫץ
һһֻͻ˱ǣһЩ˵۵ϣǵĿŹӣͷβҲ˵
ߴֽסˣĹ͸
ټĲֿһֻƹ΢ĵҡҡλΡ
ʮڲֿһʵĸֹǡ
ڵϱͷĻһʵô£
һ˵֪ʲôûŪͱץˡ
·ܣ㱻ֱӷϵһ첲ҪüʱģƾҪһֱˡ
һ˸Ϊµʵʲôʱôһˣ
Էֶ̫ײˣǸɣǸʹ򲻹
òרѰİɣ
ԷǺηʥҲ¶˰ɡ
ǱץﶼѾСʱˣôҲˣ
ʱֿٴα򿪣м˱Ѻ˽ǸףȻ·Ҳûʲôˡ
Ѻǵ˶ݺݵ˵ȥ£
˻߽ԹԵĶȥ
ѺǵߵǸ۵ϵ˵磬µʮ߸ˣټ֮ǰ·˵ʮˣһʮˣڶˡ
Ͽ˵ĵķھƿ˵ٶ̫ˣӾƶһƿˡ
˽͵磬Ͼֵǲ·
ǰǣ򲻹ܣñӶ졣׷Զ·ǿɷ˺Щ
-

353Բˣ

ǸˬˣҲȷʵ˲£˵ˣҲЪᣬͷȵơ
ֿĴˣʮ˶棬ƵѾܲˡ
㿴ңҿ㣬Ųֿ治ʱ޲һͷĵطȥ
ǽ𻢵Ļ䣬ڵ϶˺üСʱһͷӾͻȻվ˵ǵʲôˣҪǵʲôʱ򣿡
𻢻ͷ֪ĻһۣͶ˵ˣϽӱ졣
ͷӲ֪˭ڷǳȥǻл߳ǣȻĻӳȥԺ󣬴һȣ
ͷûлأֻʼ򣬺ЦڱСƵطһ֣;˲ˡ
ȥʮܱ
𻢰ڰ֣кߵһֵ˵㣬һүˣ߶ƣٻ˾ү顣
˵һǾүŮ˱۸Ѿþүʹˡɲϣүʱ¡
𻢵˹ȥ̧һ˻ͷӵؿϡ
ͷӱ߳ԶڵŶӣһ˵
Ͷ䣬ţˡ
˭֪ʱ򼸸ӿԼĴ类۸ȻҲվҪǵĴ籨𣬶ݺݵصŽ𻢼ˡ
Ѻǵʮһ˲ȫΧ˹
վĻ컹ӣֵ֪ǣмʮˣֻҪһϣܴӳȥ
ô˵ԷʮˣϣǿǺռơ
Ǵ˿̶
Ϊ򲻹ԷŻᱻץ˿šǵȻ࣬Ǹռơ
Ȼ֮˵˲٣ܶ˵ĸ첲϶ˣֻҪҵľһʹѹѹԷ
ȺվֱĶŽ𻢵ıӰ
ЦһģǾƲԳԷơ
۵ϵ˶ĹվôһվЩǶʱһ
𻢱ͳ׳ʵ׵ߣ͸ͷţƵվǶ˭軹ȥ
𻢻ӣȭͷҲĿ졣
ղŻʮĻǼƣһ
Ҫǰһȭͷʮ¶Ҫ˰ɣ
תǣֵ˭Ҫϵģˣ¡ú˵ƣ
ؼһڱĸڲסؼ״һȣǼֱݵĸƵġ
һĭ˭Ҳûǰһ
˭ҲĻ죬ǴҪŸĴ磬ԺùҹĻڷԶѡ
ҶЦһָŵǸûĻͷ˵ʵţȻһ
˭Ҳ밤ߣֶʵʵض
λϿ˹ӡ
ֹ˶ʮӣֿ˳
Ҳվߵź˲ֿţһ˽
˵ĲȻ磬ȴҲ͸ż
ڵϵĻǶʱ׷̽ͷֿſڣҪץ˵˭
Ȼ߽˼ȲһĻ죬Ҳһһ˾úݶĻˣһžޱɵ
ûܺÿ
ͦıüۣ΢Ĵ͸ֲ֪࣬жŮĽ
мȥ·ף覵Ļ֣ܿϳʱŵȴ
Įߴɨ˫ֲڶʵǣ
𻢵ͷ˵ǣһû¡
΢΢ף³֣ࡣ
˵ʲô࣬ү²Ӧõ𣿵㣬׼ʲôʱ
ɫģԺ˵ǰЩ˶ҵˣȽ
𻢺ҹ绰ǶȥҪǶ֣ǵ׶˾үʲôˣþүô
ǵþүһ᲻ϲñǺٿӡ
ںߵѵŮˣ
׵Ĵ󺺣ȻҲһ˰Եġ
Ťͷ˿ҵδޡ
Բˣ𻢶ʱɴ˫ۡ
ԲۣǾ˾ȻҶδޣϾ۲ʶ̩ɽҲһǾȻδʵ
ʲô𻢵ֳһǰ˰ڣǣ˵һ飬еûס
治ɫظδޡ
Բˣһδе
ͬĻȻӵеͬķӦ
һȭͷԼģ㵵Ŀ
ߵǮǲһδ޶ôһ
ү̰û˼ӵˣʲôŮ˲ܺһ
𻢾ãδʵ̫ˣ
òԷҲǸһȤľͷһĹɣ
ǵǮ˭ܿ
-

354С÷

Ƴһۣڲ˵Բ۵ʱ򡣡
ص㲻δޣҪףֵծ
𻢵ͷסļ˵ԶԶԣ۸ҵϱ¶϶ܾôˣҪôʰҡ
òţԼķӡ
ֿһ߹ȥ
ĺƤЬˢĲǲֿ΢ĵƹЬϣܷһ㵭⡣
΢ͷ˵֪ǶǮ£㲻ĳˣҾһֱǲҲû˼ǶҵˣܹҪۣԺʲôèèҶҵҧһڡ
ʲʲôۣ
һף֣ˣҪǼסԶ
˵գӹݹһŷϵ˵࣬ȻֱӶǰ
صŷڵϣһķ۳
һ㶣ʲô˼
Ϸ˵
Ҷ˵ǰһү˵ҪϷأɵˣ
ˣһͷ˵棬үҪʲô
ѽűߵŷ⳯˹ȥ
ŷѿһǣװŵĶ¶˳
ǮոµǮ
ЦһǧǮ
ǵ۾ʱֱˣýģ̰ŷץȥһȫǮ
˵Щֻһܹ߳ȥվŴȥˣЩǮġ
˵꣬ת߳˲ֿ⡣
һֱϵʱ䣬ֲһСʱ
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𻢶µЩʹ˸񣬴Ҿͷ׷׸ȥڹϲֿ֮ǰǲЦЦ˲ֿ
ણֿⱻ˴
ڲֻֿʣЩץĻˡ
үǡʲô˼
һСʱֻһܴ߳ȥӮˣͿһǧǮ
Ҫǣڶ
ҪǻŹӮˣͿ԰Ǯߡ
һСʱǵʱޡ
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ЩǮģ
챻˼ȭԺֱ˹ȥ̴ʵŷ
վһֳ˹
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ֿ˻ʹ˷ǾͺǱڹ޳Ұƴɱū
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Ǻ紵°ڣ˻ɣԭǾֹĶ
ֿķһۣߵʵڶַĵˣ
˵ãһǧǮʡԼմϰѪ
Щǲõġ
Ӧ
ӽԺǻһֱЩȼˡǻסЩΪһǧǮôԼȭ
Ӯ˵ˣΪ˵ĵˡ
һǧǮҲᱻԱķʽͳͳߡ
ǵĿͣЩǮϵʱ򣬽ڲֿЩˣҲǱ˴˵ֵܡ
ۣף覾ۡ
ֻҪ˭ù
һ߹˵үˣҶӢҶңǰհȥСסˡ
򴽣ȥͱ˯ˡҲζ
ס˵뿪ˡ
𻢿˵˵˵£δô£
ͷ˵ǰĵطˣ·ˣҪѵ
һ˭˵ˣôϵģĸ֮Ȣģ
˸ʵļ裬ϲСԡ
İԡ
ҡͷǣ÷һһרȥס˴Ӧˡ
С÷
𻢵۾ʶСء˼
ʵҼǵǰʱСҲǣӦü˰ɣ֪¶𣿡
˵ͷ
˵飬覻ѵõĺСŤ
-

355´

ɻСټȻ֪ôҲѾ¸ˣѵҲһԸõģ治֪ʲôӣܸӡ
£С÷ľͷ񣬾Ǹ񾭴
Ȼ˭ܵƢĲ˵ܶԱûɫ
Ҳ⼸ֵܵˡ
СҲ֣Ǽʲôϵô֪ôҲ˵һ
һۣƺĺܺӣ˵ҪȤϴ
ʵģС÷ɣ
˵˶ˣֵԺҲҪġŽҲڣһԶٷԺҪǴˣҲһ˶ʶ
ļ˵գһȱƣô
𻢱Ͷδ޺ܸȤټ֮Ҳ죬ô˵ˣȻҲһӦð
ʱֿѾһʼʱС࣬ȻһȺ˰ʹ򶷵
ֿ̧һϵʱ䣬ת˵ʱˣɡ
ͷһ
һ㶣ȵʵҪ
ǸɵЩ£µľǺ;ϣȻҪⲻǸԼ鷳
һĨЦĽ𻢵ļ˵磬ҿǱǵĺԼĲֿ￴һȺ˴ܶŹȻҪ̱뾯ʣµ顣
ץʲô£ץԼɾǱ¡
㶣ٻع񶼶ྴ塣
һʱ䲻үİֱֶˣĸˡ
һ߻˵ٹʮӣͻᵽ
߿űߵһʯͷǾ߰ɣȥ¶ˡ
ƳһۣϣǸNɪӣ
ϱǲһ˵ζˡ
ֿ⣬˻ΪЩǮԼֵȭ򣬸û˷ֲֿѾ˴򿪣ˡ
ȵʱֻֿ˷Ĵһ߿˲ֿţͿ˲ֿһĻĻѪȵĳ档
ʮ˻ͷѪĴɢűǮеѾ÷ֲԭˣȴǺԼǰ˺ŲԸ֣Ҫƴһ
ʮӿȥǷֿȫֽԮڲֿǰǰ˰СʱŴҵֳ
ʮΪ̫ر͵ҽԺǻ֪ĻҲԾڶŹΪɹ
ǸûԼôһȫͽǲ֪Ӯ䣬ûҪŹǵ˼
˾ٱڷֿڶĲ֮ΪǮû̸£ߵ˲Ŵ
ڣǮҲڣ쵽ʱǡڴܣⲻ߲
ŵֶβܰȫץȥֻҪʹЩֶΣҪǳʮµηҲѡ
¼ʱ򣬻ſĻƴظǽ˰ץڲֿǻŹȴûоǵĻ
һָԼ˵٣㿴ϵˣҸ첲ϵˣⶼץʱģӦȥץЩǹˣ
һϾһƳһۣЦѵǶŹʱ˵ǱģôʱûҲûˣѵǵܱ֤Ƕܣ
ΪʲôûҲܣ
ΪԼµˣ
ЩСֶΣˣҪ
ñʸ˵˵ƽʱһǮ˻˭̹״ӿܴϣ
캰ԩͬ־ûǮЩǮǹǵǸ˸ǵģǵģ
һľ˵Ӵϡˣǻ׸Ǯôõȥң˵ǰҲȥմ֡
һ㶣˵ͬ־ģ
Ҳɫ˭㿪ЦӿɲЦĵطϽʵ
ЩСԽԽ֪ߵغˣȻھǰƤЦ
Ӧ䣬ǻҵűˡ
ͬ־ȥѽһرÿرǮ˸ǵǮ
ǰĴƭˣҲû˻ǡ
ô˵滰ûԸˣ
쿴컹ԭ̬ȣƺҪģҲˡ
ɴļ˵ǰɣУľͺȥ˭ҲߣھҹɣֵĲܹ
еͬ־ԩ
-

356Ů

߳Ѷң˵ڵĻ죬ѻˣΪǾǺƭġҲ̫Сˡ
Ҳƭ˱ˣ˵ôף˭ţҪǣȻǺг
²һ٣׸ǮԷѵǸɵӰ
ǾǾڶĲץˣŻôһڣ
ЩηûԹٹܹܣЩڣЩҲˡ
һ쾭ܷḻ𼱣ЩС˶ûʲôģһϾͶʵˡʱʲô˵
ʱͽѾףԼõĺ캣ۡ
ǱǵһС㣬ƽʱ￴տ˲١
޺õİ·̯ߺȽŸõĸ㣬Скг·һЦ۴һֱ̻ζ
ܿ˿һ˫ֲ˶ɻ˵û뵽㾹Ȼڵĵط
ǰʶʱ򣬾;Ƶģʱһ춼˵һ仰
ڵĵطҪƽʱǲġ
ط覶ģӦʲôİš
ߵײһļһЦ˵ôأûеүķ緶ˣӦԼ˵İ尡ôŮأ
ĵĻʲôԼ˵İ壬𻢸ͲŮ˵һףҲǹˡ
˵ˣףϱҪôţ˹ܲš
վһ˵磬˵үġСѾүԵģֻҪСܿģþүһ͸㣬үֵߵߵġ
ô
С÷е㱾°
𻢶ף覸ӺˣԼĴͷʵС÷ʲôʱ
ͷһֱĵһ֡
ˡ˵
Ҳſ˿ıʵԼļ㣿
̧Զһۣڽֱ߿һϤӰ
΢΢һЦԶ֣Խ˵ˡ
̧ͷȥϦ£ˮɫ֯ëŮ˲һ˫ɫиЬǿװ׵ȹں΢΢ڶĺϵơ
ĲӲ󣬵ÿһߵɡ
īɫĳխݵļϣĴһ໬¡
Ǹ鶯Ĺһһ˹ֱڽǰվ΢ЦŶؽһ硣
ľĴˮľͺۡ
ף覽֮ǰرһ£ȻԵñƽʱӶˡĵƤ𪣬۾ˮģһЦ۵׾͸ϵһ
𻢶ʱף覵ԭء
Ůɣ
ѹһͷԽȥֵεģ˭ܵˣ
ףһ˫ƯĴ۾˸Ľ𻢣ʵѣ
ֿסף覵󣬰ԼߣԽ𻢽ܵʶһ£ҵδޣף覡
𻢺ðβŴף覵عЩ˼ЦЦ
Ҳȥף覵֣һ˵ǽ𻢣Խһ硣Ҫǵ¶ҡ
ף΢΢һЦǵϣ˵á
ЦǺǵ˵Ҳá
ѽ˲ð˲á
һ־ȼģ˭ܱȵϰ
ףʵǽǵ֮ǰû㡣
ͷ˵ԣ
ף̧ͷһۣп
һ㶣ң
ף覵ͷţڱǶûʲôѡʱڼﶼˡ
һС֪ûץ𻢵ص㣬ƿ۵СԴϣ˵˽Ե飺סһ𡣡
𻢶ʱõɴ۾Сﶼջؼˣ
ƽʱɽ¶ˮǸְɣ
ף½ᣬæֽ͵ֻסһûʲô
𻢺˵С÷ģǾʲôҲܶ졣СޣҶġ
ף̧ͷһۣô죿Ѿ϶֮ʲôˡ
οԼԱ˵һ㣬˽ͻǺʵģû¡
ף覹ԹԵĵ˵ͷſġһף뵽ⲻûµ⣬ǽɣ
ʱѾƵ˺ͷƺ̽ˡҲں顣
ףʵ磬ΪʲôС÷ѽ
˵㲻÷𣬿Ͳ󣬽С÷ӦҲû
һƺ˴ţС÷ͦɰģףҲûмƽϣתĸ첲˵磬ȥط
ͷţȥĶ
ǵӣ𻢺ȻܺʲôĶΧ
һԶвŮòģ̫Ľˡ
-

357¸Ͳϲ

ףǣһƧĺ塣
ĵطһĵ
ƵĸߣĺһקԼǰߣֱһ˵Ժͣ
ԺɨĺܸɾһشصĽտò֡
𻢶ڻԱ߿˿ժһɫľջ˭סѽô
Ĵ˿ʵʲô
䣬һ˾ʹԱߵ˳
˶ףЦЦʵ
ף˷ܵĵͷ鷳ˡ
˾˵ȴȥø֧Ͼ͹
ԣֱףǣԺӺͷߡ
ղǸ˭
ף˵סӰʦʹǺܶˣǶ˵ռõġҺԺķ羰ܲһ㣬ɾõġ
ףƿԺդ˳ȥ
̧ͷһԣԺĺͽϿȫͬ
һĺûӣֻ˾þס
ԶĽʯ赲ǰ·ߣһƬ̲ϾȻûһˣֻǡ
ף˷ܵ˵ӰʦԼõģΪôһͨ첻ܹأʣµذҴˡ
ʵصشһգ
ף㶣㡭ϲ
˼ְյɫЩΪľڡ֪ķӦӦʵġ
ף覵ͷ˵ֻǾûһرĺգڽҪǲϲǾͲˡ
𻢸մӺԺͿһ棬ʱ룬С÷ôʧ䣬ѵ׼Ķϲ
ˣղԺӰʦ
СһӰʦľͷȻҲ֪ΪʲôС÷ͶȻʧˡ
һ룬𻢾Ϳһ΢Ц
ûвϲⲻ㰲˺ܾõһһŰɣԺڼҲÿҲϲ
˵ĻǰֵʱҲҪһһźգÿζܾˣҪôֱӵԲա
Ǹղ˵ʲôˣ
˵ҲϲϲƨͲϲ
ΪС÷ʲôϹ˵
ʱӰʦ˳ܺļӣʵԿʼ𣿡
ף覿ĵĵͷԡ
Ӱʦֿ˽һۣҪһ𣿡
һ㶣ת˿֣ˣҾǴ֡
С÷మȻƽʱһ㣬ҲôûĹȥһš
˵ԱŲŲȴһֱͣףϡ
˵С÷þ͸СŮƵġ
ȻŮ࣬С÷ֵľȥҲӡ
ףż⣬ΪһᣬʵȥĶˣô·Ūôң
ף覵ͷһЬҲŪôࡣ
һ͵ʱȥתһȦ
𻢿һۣС÷ʲôС
ףûлɣƽͷ·˵ɡ
ĸ첲վãžͷ¶һ΢Ц
ͷҲ¶һЦݡ
ꡪ
Ӱʦ˿ĳӰ˵ӵİĽ֮飬ȱˣͷ
ף̧ͷһۣ˷ɫ
ӡӰʦôء
ٹͻΪˡ
۽䣬Ц⣬̧ͷӰʦľͷ
ǲǲͷĿ˵Ƭʹ
ƬԺӰʦ˵ϴƬҪһʱ䣬ڳӡҲҪСʱԺãǴȥߣȡƬأ
ף覿˽һۣ뵽һ̫òãҪ˵ȡʱ˵ϴɣһٹȡ쿴Ƭ
Ӱʦ˵Ǻãǿȥ棬￴գ羰ãС˶ȥһȦ˸Ҳ˵ǣִӸۿߵˣһһ𡣡
ף覿˿𻢣Щ˼˵ǻ緽𣿡
˵һȥҲûϵԼˣЩСµġ
˵꣬ͶԽʹ˸
˵ԣǣҪĴ䡣ʱҲԼˣС÷ߡ
С÷һƯĴ۾ܿɰС
𻢿һۣĵ׾̾һѣС÷Ǹ˰Сˡ
ƼЦݵ˶ҪһֱЦɣҪѹҲ֪һ˺ۡ
Ҳѹô
-

358²Ҫ໰

һ뿪СԺűȥ
Ӱʦ˵һķ羰ܺãһ·ҲܶࡣϦڰ·ϣ͸һŨĽơ
˵кĵطǲһô翴ϦҲҪˣ˵Ҳһĵطӡ
˵Ϊʲôȥȱ̫ƽˣҲù
˵ǲ𣿡
ǰߣȻǣŵ˽Ųͣ
ͷһŷףŤͷһԵĺ
ڸۿǰһƣд˸֡
ҲͬתһֶۣԼС÷Ҳ͸ЦЦָһط˵ȥ֣ȹ䣬һǡ
ߺʵȥ˸һ𣿡
ףһ㶣ǿ
һһ𣿡
ֱ׵ʻףһ¡
Ľ͵Ҿǣ࿴һ۶ѡ
Ȼ࿴һˣǾһһ˰ɡǣֳۿȥҲ֪ǻ᲻һһ𡣡
ʱףȴվﲻˡ
һֱʵôˣ
ף򴽣ʵãһһ𣿡
ΪʲôҪ˸֤֮ĸ顣
ĬĬ˵ʲôܶҡף֮ĸ飬һףԼ
ǲ˰ɡףս˵˸Ҳһֱڣⲻǽ޵ĺҲ뿿޵Ķǵĸ顣
·ֻԼȥ
һĿԣԼŵĶ
ֻǾЩһ£޶ѡ
ΪɣΪǿԼ顣
Ҳǻ඼һҸļͥûҸĲдƷӵ
ЦһǾͱ뷨ˣҪǳҸļУ͵ֻǿ羰Ҳ߹ȥԺǾܱıǰҸ
ˬĺ紵ϣףǰߣϵЦ
ЦǷһ仨ԶԶŶĿ
СʱԺףûӰʦĵƬ
ƬףʱӰʦ˵һεƬյĺܺÿѵһôƥķޡԵĻҿǵƬ𣿡
ӿڴͳǮгǮӰʦ˵ˣҵƬҲó֮˿
˵꣬Ƭף뿪ˡ
ߵſڣٵĽ𻢡
ʵȥĶˣôôã
˵Ĵתת
˵ˣҪǲĴȥתתС÷ܺһôʱôӦøлŶԡ
ص췼Էףȿ˽ȥ
ֻŰϵİŵɳϣźһ졣
ףһͷһվصĵطŶͷ
ף覵ĵʵ㡭û°ɣ
𻢿˿Լ幫ֵأһξԼ׶еࡣ
ղǽŵʱûеͷŻײſ
ͷһۣЦʱװ޵ʱ¶ϲůҾӷû뵽Ҽﻹô˸㡣
߿űߵЬӣͷ߽
⻰ôôǲӭҵӡô˵ҲҪҳԷġǧİҴּдҪаɡȻԲүݡ
ף覶ˮŵǰʵ粻Ǹģ
Ƴ˽һۡ졣
Ͳף֪Լ˽Ⱥ飬ôһ˵ܲ滳
㶣̶ף˵ʵҲǣ£˵ҪҼһ棬Ծˡ
ףʵ͸ʶܾ˰ɣ
һں˱ˮ˵ˡ
ף覿ĵЦǸһʱ򣬻һҲչ˰ɣҸǶóԵġ
𻢴ֵɳҡҡͷ˵ǵǣѵʱǻʶ
ʱȻ˵¶еˡ
ף覿һʱ䣬ȷǵ˷ˡ
ȥߣѾ˷˲ʱ䡣
ף覱߱˵ȳԵˮȥ
ף覽˳ŶԽ˵Ҫ໰
һ㶣˵ʲô𣿡
ǵ͵ͷԼ֫ͣЩϸ£ղӦҲû˵ɣ
ʱûС˵
￴һۣ˵֪Щ飬ǵ˵һЩƽ飬Ҫ֪Щõġ
-

359ֱܹ

룬ѵʲôرõ
ûаɣ
Ǽʲô˵ˣ
ǰ㣬ʵΪʲô֪
һ֧Դ˵Ļˡ
һ㶡ʲôɣô񻰡
ϻϲĻĸﲻ
˵Сûʲô۹Щ˵ˣ˵ʹ֪ˣҪѹ𡣡
ѾǹȥˣóףѹһΡ
𻢳Ĭһ󣬲ѹʵЩ߹ֱܹ˵飬ѵҲ
ɲС°ѵҲţ
ⰵ˰򴽵˵ע㡣
𻢵ͷ̾һʲôû˵
üʵҽ˵ĸ첲Ҫͼ飬ã
һֻҪһֱ۷ۣ黹ǷַӾ¶ˣ
С÷ҲǸˣܲһֱֲˡ
һ˵æԼҪֻҪƽʱһʱעһ㣬ˡֻҪһעⲻˣԺҲþȥ飬ᱻ֡
𻢾עһ㣬ĸ첲ҪٴˣԺܶ²м
ֵ߲ܶеģҲҲ
ĵ˵ڣЩĵ
룬ѵöһ䡣
ֵܣȰһ䣬Ҫʲô鶼šȻԺֵʱС÷ܡֲһʲô鶼Ļڰ˿𣿡
ֻжЩ׽ˣŻ᲻ñ֪Լ顣
ĳǺõģµķҲԡ
¶ҪԼ˵ˣҲС÷ǰʾʾС÷ҪԼˣͷô
һ㶣Žü
Ǵûһ㡣
֪ˡ˵һʱ˵һЩ
𻢵˵ͷΣȻ̧ͷʵȻղ˵ԼҪ
ףš
ЦǮ
ǮŮˣ˲ðһ㳤úÿŮˣֻҪƯˡΪ˻òҪ
ףȻЩŮ˲һ
ЦЦ˵ö࣬츳˲á
˵Ҫδ޾͇NɪүҲῴȥġ
ʩףֻһֵĺãҲᱻŴʮֵİɡھһ
֪ţ͵ǰʱȥĳֹĵطʱЪҵˣҲܴȥ⡣ʱ֪ǲǿˡ
𻢷Ӧ죬ҴΪˡ
𻢻û˵꣬ͱһš
˻
Ťͷһۡ
ָȻֵܣҲƢġ
ôĲ˵Ͷ֣СƢˣҲһ١
ʱף覴ӳ˳ɷıʱ¶һƵ΢ЦС÷£
ףЦЦǽʵ磬ƻϲĻǺյģ

áףת߻˳
Ƴ˽һۣٴ˵˵˵ע㡣
ղӦ죬𻢾Ҫ˵©ˡ
ףһȻǺܶ࣬˳Ҳ´ˡ
Ϊףգף覻רſһƿơ
ƵʱףԼıӡ
ʵС÷ôȾư
ף覿һۣĿڨڨ˵˽ƽʱҺȾơ
üϺǣͦԡ
˵ҪͲȡ
ǾˡʲôϲĺƷʣȫˡ
𻢶˵ôõӣԼңʲô˼ҡ
ȻŤͷף˵С÷˲ܹţҪʲôģСԺ۸㡣
˿ף覣̧ƿҲף覵һƣ͸һ⡣
ͲܼγһȻף覺ȾƣԼȴֺЩ
ƹѲ𻢺ܿǴǰ顣
˵鲢ïλţʱ䣬Ǹˡ
ף覻һСйص飬֪ǻ֮䶼ʶ
һƿƺԺֿһƿ
ͽ𻢺ȵƿʱףѾ⣬ǡþƾҲˣſߣ֪ľ˯ȥ
𻢵һ̣³һԺ̧һذף޷
һ㶣ûôϸĵĶһˡ
ףǵһ
-

360µ

ЦЦһ±ʵô϶ˣ
񣬰㶼Ʋˡ
ܻĵ˵ͷ
һһҲˡ˵
ᶨϲһֲʲôѿ飬ǡΪϲŸоҸ
ʲôʱͷҲ̧ʵ
𻢺һھƣ˵ǺûģǧҽҾͰҸϻȥ
⵹ǡ͵ֻϴСٻȥʱ״̬̫áҪǻȥĻǵÿ
û⡣˵ʱܲ΢үǶһ㣿ܿС÷ô¶
ղŸ˵ôõĻͷβûһֻۣҲҪ̫֣
һ㶣̧ͷԽ˵һүǶʲôÿģҪȻǿҼҵĹ
ʲôëүǶˢڸС
һǵ̫ˣʡ
һǵġ
Цʲôʱ˸һ缸ӭӭ㡣´λʱһҪС÷ôһʶʶ
һɫ˵컹ûȥأˡ
ȥĶҪסɡ
ֱ˵ʲôһ绹ûסĵطһүǶҲ¶˵ҪסС÷ʲô಻㣿
𻢻ЦЦƲףһۣûѡ
˽˵Щʱ͹˼ˣҪǱô٩굽طȥ
˵ܸ֮ɾ
ĳ룬𻢲ûľӷ緶ͬĿ˿סһˣʲôչûаӴĲа


Ͳġ
ˣ˵
ͽ𻢳ţת߻ߣף˯Ĳȣſ϶˶Դ
ףҸעڣˣҲп˵˯š
ô飬æ죬һҲʱʱ䣬Ӧۻˡ
ߵߣһ˫źۻԼĲϣؽ
Ÿһף覾۾
ţ
СŮ˷һ̡
˵˯
ף覵ؿڲ˲䣬ϵζȦϵһ˫΢΢ս
磬ϲ㡣
⻹˵ѾѸˡ
ÿֻҪһͿͻʶԼסҲŵÿʱ
һĨЦ⣬֪
СŮ΢ΰѵ̬ƽʱȻˡ
ĺ˹ף˴ںúõسѽ
ԼƲס룬󲽳ŷȥŻ˴ϣӽá
ô»ݣ
»ݣؼԼʱҲûҡ
˵ƣת˷š
ףڴϷ˸˯ȥ
ڶϣףָֻ֮ǰԪĵһ飬׼һٷḻͣ͵鷿
ץһϴƬһֻϷңȴ־Ūԭİ衣
ȥˣ
ǵ鷿֮ǰһôͻȻҲأ
ףһ֮ǰƬڳһǡ
֮ǰΨһĺա
Ϊʲôˣ
ףɻİƬ˳ˣʹǰһЦļÿ
ףҲЦЦ
ôһȷǱǰ˧ˡʱǺ
ʱף覶һŷߣվһӡ
ǸǲվģͿ뵱ʱ¡ƺԭҲ뾵ȴС
Եúݣϵ·ҲǴŲһ˫۾ȴǾ
˭ôһҲǵء
ڴܹĺ
˻
ףͷ͵һۣͺʲô̫Ѩϡ
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ʱͻȻƿվ鷿⣬һַŰʵ¶һʲô
һͿŵƬ
ͫȻһߵף覵ǰϳ
ƬץϣﾹȻһ˿š
ףһ㶣е֡
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ʵƬ𣿡
ף覾Ƭ˵Ҽǵ֮ǰ鷿һĵƬҪ
Ŷ
һƬһܡ
ִ̧Ӹߴһתݸף覣֮ǰûʲôãҾͷˡ
-

361½

ף覽ӹ˵ȥƬװ
İƬѺ÷Ž鷿ڱץĺΣףõԺֱ뿪鷿ȻûжƬ顣
ͷ˿Ƭ³һ
ȻתƬŽһĳֽԿ״ԼĿڴ
ˡ
߳鷿ʱףѾƬװãһƬλá鷿Ѿ˼ȥˡ
ߵߣƬӹȥŵ˿۵ϡ
λúãۣĸλöܿ
ף覶ѡλú⡣
Ǿͷɡף˵
Թ緹ף覾ȥ
ڰ칫¥¼սŵأף覸˸кʵ鴦ô
˵һЩǮƽ飬㲻òģҶѾˡ
Ǿͺá
ؿһۣʵô㿪𣿡
ף覵Сơ
Цǲ
ף覵ͷ˵Ҽһѣо˽ˡ
һ㶣㵵ʵ˽֮ࣿǰǻ඼ޱ˽Է𣿡
ָĸоǣ̫֮˽⣬Ǳ˾ԲܲĹϵ
ףЦôܣѾֿˣôܻôԷڵӡҲһĶѡ
Լ°꣬ΪԼиõĻȥ˽
ͽĹԺоԼһĲİ꣬ܿġ
ףת߽칫¥ĬĬȥ
¥ʱף˵һֳô飬ǵ취һ
ٰһֵĻЧİ취
˵ļûôãԶǹһԼûʲôϵ飬һֿԺ󣬴ֻ˶ȥһ֡
ܰʲôʢ䣬ǴҺܿͻֹ׵Ժ
һεҲĹҲ
ֻҪ鴦ĺã¶ӦÿԺܿȥ
ף˵ҲôģþٰһʲôͷĻһ㣬ǴҶϲּĻ
̫߶ˣͨȴҲ̫ƽҾ᲻Ȥ
˵֪һֱûʲôرĽ䡣
ǴǰҲǸСسǣʮһܱߴԴЩسǡ
Ҫûж̵ĵطһҶϲּĻеѡ
ףƿ˰칫ҵ˽ȥ
ظҪϣף覾תʵһһôٸһӣһԣӽͷŵβ̻Ĺһ춼½ӣǲͺ֣һ
صһ飬Ǿôҵļﶼûнӳ𣿡
ԼӣҪʲôھܳʲôڣɵĺܣõרһ
鲻У̫ûнˡ
ʵĽӺͱ˵Ľӣʲôرһĵط
Ҫ˵ĹעҪһӱĵڰɡ
ף覵ûʲô˼ֲǴҶϲԽӣϲԽӣϲԲͬڵء
ף룬˵εĽͬأ
ĬĬʲô֣ͬǻʺǹ
嶼ˣʶõʵ̫ǡˡ
ף覽͵˵ò֣ͬͷЩˣȷ˵¾ֳЩˡ
ȤҪôַͬ
ף˵ͨϰնԵٵЩݣʶ¾ֳЩˣֻҪܺǼ棬ո֣ϰǶҪýܸһᣬͳ¾ֳ죬һӣ˵һ᲻Ȥ
Щǿ߸ϵ˳ǰһƽӣϰվǲμӽ磬ҲҪ֡
Ӿͺԡ
˼Ƭ̣ô˵ͦã㵽ʱҪ˭μֽ磿ʲôȥ룿
ⲻСƵʱõʱ䡣
ЩٵģԸʱ
ƽʱЩֳǳԶٷҪʱţôĻ»ͦ˵ġ
ף覺ܿ뵽һˣЦôõıԼĻᣬֻҪһԸҲ
ʵ˭
ף̧˵ʯ
ֻҪʯԸϯεĻ˶Ź
˵֪ϴκʯദĲʯֻʱӲһˡڸתһȦƶѾ׼رˡ˼ҹѵҪ
ףһ˫۾˵ǱҪʯȥ֮ǰǰ׼ܰ˸
֪Ǿ֮ǰɣ
ʲô鲻ѣҧҧһ¾͹ȥˣ
-

362¸ɶ

ؿ˵ޱ棬ٴʵʯ
Ȼ뷨ܺãǲ̫һ㣿
óɹĿԺܵ͡
ף£ʯǾѪ׬벻ʯѡȥ¾ֳһ֪ʯرûС
صͷðɡ
ܿ˳ܵ飬ѯʯ
ʯŸսܱӲ칤г̣˻ûر
ףʵʹʯİ𣿡
˵ʹˣ¾ֳ翪ʼûг̰ˣӦʱҰг¾ֳϰ˸֡
ף覸˵̫ˡ
ȻǾͻлᡣ
ѵҪͳ¾ֳ鷹֣ҪҪȸ绰
һԷ̸飬ûôȥ
ϱôϰߣǻһֱɡ
˵ʱڣҶӢ֪ʲôʱֻ֡Ҫ̸鵽ŻȥҲˣܻըë
ף覵ͷеŶ
ף覸˸绰ԼȥȻͿʼһ顣
ϾҪʯ棬Ǳڽ鶼ö
ԤȽʱ䶨ĩһҲʱ䡣
Ϊǽ磬ԲҪǰر׼ֻҪһ죬㹻ˣ׼ðҪʳľˡ
ÿˣֻҪȡܹر볡ѣһ۸Ҳ̫۸ˣܲҲܾܵı֤ࡣ
ЩȻ򵥣ȴҲʱ䡣
̶Щϸ֦ĩڵԺѾĵӡ
ףҲȥˡظ𿪳ȥ
ʱ췼Էĵ绰
ɳ߷űֽ˵绰ŵߣιá
ɶӣأ
һ㶣˵ɵ
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һֻֽӵ绰˸ɵ͸һͺĹӾˣٷѾ˼Ҷˡ
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ĺܲ븰ķ֣ü˵ɵȳԡסĶȥ𣿡
㲻ʶˣ͵ɵһ棬аɣҪǲҾͲɶˡҲ㡣
ĬƬ̣Эãȥ
ԴȻɵĸҲԸԷĻ
绰˰ʱ͵صԺܿͻһ·ˡ
ôûТ˳һ㣬ҲӦóٵ
ãҲ԰úú͸ɵ˵˵߸ɵԼѾ˶׵ĹǰǸСˣҲԺˡ
ף׼ʱͳ¾ֳԼõķ꣬һŷֳ¾ֳʯѾȵˡ
ף覶ʱЩ˼ʵǱǸǳԷû뵽ˡ
ָܵԼֱ˵ûе£á㿴أҺʯˡ
ʯҲЦףС㣬һʱ䲻ˡ
ףݸЦҲܾãʯæұΪʯҪˣû뵽г̾ԸһԷܳ
ʯָף˵һϲˡףСôôء֪ףС㻹ǲǵã֮ǰ㽲ҵĸɶӡ
ףһ㶣ϵЦݽ˽
ʱѾȷı̬ԼѾˣܾʯĺ⣬¶ǹȥôʯˣ
΢΢һЦǵãʱĸɶһٺÿ䡣
ʯȲ˵һǵʱæû棬ҾÿϧˡһҪһ档
ף˵ʯҵݣǲ̫㡣
ʯ˵˼㶨ˣʶˡҲǿʲôǽѣǻ֮ӦⲻǺܺ𣿡
ĴˣӦûʶź
ཻԺҲһ·ߵĳԶ
ף覱ܾʯĻ棬ֱӷʯӣҲ̫֪ôˡ
ʱűƿʯ̧ſһϲˣ
-

363¹﷼伸

ףԣһ
ҲתߡȻ˶ˣǾͼɡ
ףŤͷſһʱˡ
ҵ죡ۻ
սŵһֻŰûͼڰף覡
ۡ
ôҲ
ɵ˵Ҫܹʶ˵ѵ
ԣֱʯ˵ɶӣҪܸʶĹ
ףһ㶣ʯĸɶӣ
һЦֱߵףߣӣ󷽷
ȻŤͷףʵС㲻ɣ
ףڨЦһˣѵ˵
⣬⡣
ʯһۣ˱䡣
ʱ⣬ôһ˼ҹֱˣ
ôѵǿˣ
һֱףС㿴һǿˣ
ףƳ̫ƣҪͣ㡭
Ҫᣬ̸ֻ⡣
ʵ伸
ףһ㶣ǺΪʲôҪʣ
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ף覿Աߵʯг¾ֳһۣǴʮˡ
ζ˵Ŷʮѽʮ˾ͳӦԷˣȾô
ף˵ûûУƻûпҲȡ
ܹԵģӦٺȾƾͲ˽ºȡ
ɫǻһ㡣
ʯɻĿһۣôףСڸɶǰʱشôɣ
Ȼʵɵ˵Ѿˡ
ף覵ͷš
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̧־һͷָսʵ˻ʶµˣţԭ׵˲ã
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޳ֱף覵ͷֱӴף覵αϣһȦĶȻ󿪿ڵһֱµĸɵһ£δޣף覡
ʯһ㶣ΪҪ·ˡ
ʯɶӣѾ˵ףСˡ
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ܵʮֻʯĵһ֣Ц
֮ǰһֱĥŸҸʵĹ飬һӴŸڱһû뵽ѾµġС뿪Ժ󣬵ǳˡ
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˵û뵽ʯҲû뵽֮ԵѹָղЩ٬ĶԭǶء
ף覵ļЦҸɵ
ף˵ʯá
˵˵дˡ
ףһ㶣̧ͷһʯҲһڴĿ
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һ
ɵôڴϱɼңףҪܽһɵһ˵ĲС
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ôһӦ꣬ͻȻ״ˡ
ʯ֪иңһף覵һɵгڣʱֵúϲ£죬úӣǶǺúӣ
ף覵ͷЦЦϵСƮøˡ
ʯ˵Ȼ֪ҵĹˣɵԺͲҪܱ˸ʶˡҹﳤôÿһ˿ô죿
ԼһҪǻأ
ʯ˵İɣˡ
ɶӺòһ۵Ĺôٰ׮½ơ
-

364¹ﰲ缦

ʯڿף覣ԽԽ⣬ԽԽϲ
Ưܸɣɶӵ۹⣬
ܵҲʯڵ鼫ã˵ʯǲ߳Ա˵ȽзԱϲ˰ɡ
ʯͷС
׼õģһˡ
ϵľƣҵ˼Ψףϣֻˮ
ֵܵʱǼ¶Ժ󻹵鷳¾ֳչˡ
ܵһǰ˿ʯĸɶӣף覾ʯδĶϱѽܲչ
Ժʲô飬˵鷳ء
ô˵ʵ̫ˡ
ܵƱ˵ҶԼˣ˵Ļ
ף̧Լˡ
ۣʯ˹ϵԺ¾ֳ˵һء
ô͵ʯĸɶأʯ񻹸ϲ
ʯףһۣȻһˣԺɾͲףСˡ
ף覺ֱˣ覾ͺá
ƣصף£˵Ҫ̸Ǻ͸ɵ̸
ף覵ͷ
̧꣬ͷʯ˵һҹ˵ʲôɵҪ
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ûŪ˭Ǹɵɡ
˵͵Ǹɵ͸ϱļˣ𣿡
¶˽⣬Ա˲õ顣͸ɵ̸Ҳؽǻ
ʯףһۣ覣˵˵ʲô¡
ף˵ʯμӼһ
ʯʵʲô
ף˵Ľ硣棬ͱǵһӣҲһĻɡ
ܵһ˼Ȥ
ʯɻֵͦģΪʲôͻȻ
ףЩÿڡ
򴽣˵ǰʱ˵飬һȺȥһʧСҲǵ˲õӡᣬ
ʯɫһ˭ȥˣ
֮ǰⶣҪչôôͷ飿
ף覿һۣ΢ɲҡҡͷ
˼ǣҶӢ鲻˵
ףһ룬Լ״Ȼ׽ҶӢԺҲϵеĽ졣֮⣬ʯó¾ֳ²ףӻ
һﶼֲźã鲻粻˵
ףһ˵ӦþǼ򵥵Ļ°ɣȻлɵˣǱϾûʲô֤ݡ²⡣
ʯʵǲǱ˿㴺⣬Ծ㲻˳ۣ
ףҪϣʯͶԳܵ˵ѵһôɫĵطԲЩ۵˸ˡƽʱöһ㡣
ܵ˵ǵȻֻǵʱ鷢̫ͻȻˣҲû뵽ᷢ
ܵһףСղû˵ʲôõĻʯ֪Ҫôǡ
ʯ˵о͸˴кǶȥΧߣԺҪٷҲ÷Ҫñȥ۸һС
ܵ˵ʯģҶס
ףʵĽ磬ʱпղμ𣿱ǵԲĻһǡˣȥԺҲױ񡣡
һҪӦ
ұͷۡ
һ˫۾һĿʯ
ⲻǶѵ飬ҪǸɵӦҲ̫ˡ
ʯЦЦӴɶΪżˣⳡѵһ
Ʊɵ
ˣôһֱء
ʱ䡣ʯףЦʱһȥ
ΧӲԺļڣμһ»Ҳ顣
ףһ̫ˡ
ʯˣʣµͺðˡ
Ƕ
Ъҵ˼죬һ¡
ʯ˵ʲôʱпգһȥ衣
һھƣԺ󡣡
ʯɻʵΪʲôҪȵԺ󣿡
ֱ׵˵ϱȥԸҪ˶٣Ҫ
ʯƳһۣЩƲӣҪ㵹ͦбȥҪѽ
ĬĬڳĬļЪףһۡ
ǳȵٲȻ˵һ˾ҪôҹҲԸ⡣
˵绰ߵĲУҪޣضԶ
ףİʾ
ͷ缦
ǺǣʲôҲûףʲôҲ֪
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365¿ҵ

ڶϣҶұҶӢˤһصĲ豭
ָǰӶ˵һȺûõĶһµСסǸʲô

Ǹ˱ݵĲݣҹԷ˺ü˵ĽŲ
ȻݵӶ˷ֳԺͶץˣһû˯
Ҷұһֱܰȫ⻹ǵһγ顣
ҪǴ̥һľţѪô죿
ǽӶǲŻǸûץһŶӱˤˣô᲻
Ҫˣ
겻
һһȥ˵ӶҲˡ
һصǽ壬֪ҶСַƢ
Ӷ˰Ѳ˷ŵһߣҶӢ˵С㣬Ҫʱ򡣾һСѣû͵һܵԶԶˣˡǶмҡ
ҶӢĻ΢˳˵
ƳһڿЩӶˣ˵ʰѵʰ𣿡
Ӷæʼɨĵ׵͹ҶСƢҲ̫ˣ⻹ƢһԴɨô
ҪǮ˭Ը
źôˣҶСƢѹ޲ȥ
˵Ӷվԭһ춼֪˵·顣
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ҶӢɳһˣ۾û˵л˵֧֧ĸʲôǱ˷ס𣿡
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Ъҵ죬ף覾ȻˣĶͦ졣
Ӷ˵ֻ¿ҵﻹϢ˵ǰЪҵΪ˰һҪŪʲô磬졣˴ٹȥһμأǶ֪ˡ
ҶӢ
һ˫ϸüȻܼף̹
ΪǸŮ˾Ժºһӣû뵽ĵô
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ףôǵðŪɡ
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Ӷ˵һȥ̸ˣ˵ǲ̫ƽһ㣬жˡҲڡ֮ǰȥµЩˣǰȫץˣҾ鲻򵥣ʱͲҪˡ
СݾΪ˴̥塣Ҫôһֱ飬ʲôʱǸͷ
µĻ챻ץ飬֡Сڱʲô¡
ҶӢȴΪ⣬ʵֻǼǼ˱ץˣұ顣ֻҪǮ±˲£ܸܲҳӣ
С㡭

Ӷ˿ҶӢһۣû֨
ҶӢƳӶһۣкֻܰҵҪ¾ˣȥЩõˡҪļǮߣҪǸҸ¡
Ů˶ˣף崿ģӻָжأװʲôװ
һףˣˣܰȻ
һҪףܵƤ֮źá
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Ӷ˵ͷȥ
磬Ӷ˲ŻصҶұݡ
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Ӷ˵ͷֶźˡ
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ƻôǸ˲Ľ硣
ףԽҪ飬ԽףԸ
Ӷ˵ͷס
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ǣ͵ſףڱǶ˵ӡ
ʱףﱸ飬챻ָ̹˲١
ۿһжɣ͵ٴοҵףڽ˸
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ףһ㶣˵е
ҶӢŮ̫ûˣҲȫȻ˺ĳ
ʱСС˹
Сһ˷ܣʲô˲õ顣
С˵ףС㣬Ǹղ鵽һ˵Ϣ
ף覿һСĶ˼
ף覵Ҳ󷽣˵ɣþ͸ǹǮ
С۾һϢã
С˵͸߽йϵ
-

366¾Ϣ

ףһ㶣ǻڲ
Ѿܾ֮ǰȥˡ
ʱø߽йССȥ˲飬ôûϢ鲻ϣҪˡ
С˵ţͲ鿴¡
ʵʱҪˣžôףС㽻˵ʲôҲû鴦ˣƫСִŷҪǲżȥ
û뵽ôһ飬һЩ˲õ顣
С忴ֵĳף˵ףС㣬˶ӣǽһ˵
ף覵ͷһص칫ҡ
С忪ڵǻص߽֮ǰĵطһҼȥʹˣָ߽ϻᵽԸģǱ˸Ϲġ֮ǰĵطݲˡ
ףʵ˭Ҫ
һƽͷϰգ˭ô˳ۡ
СЦһ˵ҲףСˣҶӢ
֪ʱĵҲ֡һȥΧˣ֪˵ҶӢһˡ
Ϊ˴飬ǿɷ˲ٹ
ף覲ô
ôʲô˳飬ܺҶӢϹϵҶӢİ
С˵ҶӢ˵ķ൱ֱ¸߽֮ǰ棬ȻҪ߽ߣ߽ϲҵ꣬ôôΧﶼ˵һЩ
ףһĬҶӢȥˣΪ֮ĹϵãôͲܼγеϵҶӢ͸߽ʲôȥĵطҪĵز
·񣬵ȷҶӢŻɳ顣
ֵ黹ءСȲĽӹ˵˵ַ֮ǰҶӢǰȥ߽ϵĵԺǱۣ˵Ĺϵ㲻أû뵽ͻȻͱ˳ˣ
ףü֮һ顣
С˵ȻˣǸմҶӢҶҰᵽȥסˣǰӶ˶ûֻϼҶ˺ܶ깤ӶˣΪ˱ʲôӣ֪
С˵ѹյףǰ˵ԭҶӢˣ֪Ҫ͵·ݲʱڱ̥ˡ
ףһУ
С۵͸ֲмǰ˽ҽѾȥסˣ
Ů˾ǲ㣬ԼҪܿࡣ
ףʵϢɿ𣿡
С˵ɿǸǮԺһҶӢѵӶ˵ģӦò
Ͼûв͸ǽҶӢԼƽʱоߵҲôܲס졣ȫԼġ
С˵˵ҶСڰȥ֮ǰ߽ȥҶҹҶӢΣ˵ҪףǶҶҵ˸ˡǹţҶӢĺӣ͸߽Ѳ˹ϵ
ҶӢ֮ǰϲԺǱۣҲȥ߽ϵĵʲôʱ߽ϿҶҵС㣬ͽʲôᣬҶӢʲôû뵽ҶӢͻ˺ӡ
ôõϸ֦Ļᣬ߽ȻŹȻøҶס
ҶӢˣԺôܲŭҪҸ߽ϵĵ꣬ϳǶΪˡ
ܿ죬ף뵽һҪ飬߽ϰҶӢܼγףǷڲʱ飡
ҶʱпܾΪҸҶӢ̵ˣ˲ܼγϡ
ף覺촽΢ҶڱҲ˼ңԼҵŮûͻ˵Ϣһ޹⡣
ҶһҶӢø߽ϼԭĵط⡣ΪάҶҵ棬Ҷҹƻø߽Ϸ˿ڣһӵ֪пܡ
ҶӢҪеϢͱ뾡޳ȥ
ܼγϵɵǴΪ̸ܿףǴҲû뵽ܼγȴĺܡ
ܼγϲܾҶӢͷܣⲻȻҶӢ˼ô
ҶӢƼˣż޳ȥȻ֡
˵׼ǸŮ˻вܼγء
ôϸϸһ룬߽ϺͲܼγϻΪǶǮ£һ档
ʱ߽ϿܼγϵܲѣܼγЦ߽ϵ֣Ҳûҷ
ǵʱֻΪΪ߽ϵԸűܻβܼγϡ
Ȼǣ߽ϵԸͲͺ˲˵ıʱ򣬱ֵôҪߣӺͶԷɼˡ
ʱ߽ӦþѾ֪ҶҴͲܼҽ˰ɡ
ԼҶӢ鱻֣ԼŲֱܼγϡ
ҶӢ֮ĹϵǾ壬ûˡ
ҶӢôãҲھסҶӢһѱҶӢһҲ̫ˡ
-

367µͷϴ

ף⿴һۣ̻֡ǶΪ׼Ľˡ
ҵ϶ЦƺѾȫǰ˴ҵ顣
ʯҪԲܳ
ҶӢһΣʯҪˡ
ףﴽһЦͷ˵ûڣȥݷðݷҶӢɡ
һ㶣ڣ
ף˵óˣôҲøڷǰ֮Բ·ɡ
ôһ鷳̼̼ҶӢôС
ף覻ͷѳԿ׶˶С֪Ҷұɣھʹǹȥ
Ҷұݡ
һӶ߽¥ϵķ䣬ȹӵҶӢ˵С㣬¥λҪ㡣
ҶӢͷҲصʵ˭
ӵĴȹڲϱȻţԼ̥Ժ˵á
ʱһи׷ŷΪһ۵Ĳܼγ϶
Ӷ˴Գף
ҶӢһ㶣ʶףֻһǾɱף覡
ҶӢȹӣתȥ
ߵ¥ݿһ¥µףѾ˿ɳеĺŲ衣
ҶӢüͷһ壬ǰۡ
ףʲô飬ޱȰۣ
һ뵽֮ǰݺݵĴһΣҶӢĵָų˲١
ҶӢ¥ףǰ£°ʵףСкιɣ
վŵأҶӢһЦ
ܼγôϲ㣬֪ű𣿡
ףŮ˳װһ崿⣬ʲôã
ҶӢ̵֮ĹϵӦòֻǹԱɣ
йϵŮǲ˼˰ˡ
ƣף΢΢һЦһۡ
ף˵˵ڵŮȶġ
֣ҶӢˢһףͻȻһƵġ
غܶϵзŵҶӢǰϣ˵ҶСףףСĲƷ
ҶӢˣеǸܣףô֪
ҶӢȻվףʵ˵˵ʲô
ףһ޹˵Ů˻вʲôù飬Ǻ£ҶСôôô뵽֮ǰ㻳ˣңȴҶС㣬Ҷ
ףɨϵĲƷһۣЦе˵ⲻһ㡣
ҶӢֶʲôУҲ֪˵ʲô
ޣˣף覹Ȼ״ͲܼγϲҪ֪Ƿӳɻ飬ŷϵİɣ
ף̾˿˼֪㶼Ѿ˲ܼγϵĺӣʱҲˣϾҺͲүѡҪǶ̥ôźá
ᵽ˲ܼγϣҶӢһ飬ף
ָŷ˵ﲻӭ㣬ҹ
ף˳ָķſڿһۣȴû
ǡŮ˵ͷЦһ
ҶӢһ㶣ȻñЦʲô
ף̧ͷ۵׾ҶСôڷϣѵӲǲܼγϵİҼǵ֮ǰ˵ͲܼγϺܿҪˡôҪű˵ĺӺͲү𣿡
ҶӢûѪɫ
ҧأʶԼС
ףѾ֪飬ôûˡ
ףһ˵ô飬ܼ֪Ժô룬Ҷҽ𣿰ֻǲܼңǶƲҶҰɡʱ˵Ǽ޳ȥ˲Ц㲻ˡ
Կηף覺Щ˻ҶӢıʲô
ҶӢӵˣôܲЩ˵ķأ
ҶӢ̧һ²˺ķŮˣ˿̾ȻҲ˿־塣
ҶԲòܼҵ֪
ף覺һڲ裬Ц˵ҶС㣬е˾վã㵹
ҶӢҧҧףǰ
ףʵǰ˵飬ڰ·½ңЩ鶼ҶСİɣ
ҶӢؿûзϡ
ֻЩ˵ʱûе֣ûףڲʮ£ףҧһڵĻᡣ
ףһ۾ʹҶӢ۵׿Ķ뷨
ѾߵزˣԼҶӢĲҪô
ףЦôأ˸ǳֻˤһҶ黳ܾãοͶô
ҶӢѹĵ׵ŭʵ㵽ʲô
ף΢΢һЦҲ˵ҶС㣬ȸҵͷϸɡ
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368ù

ף覵֪µˣҪȵͷϴǲܽȥ̸顣
߬ҶӢѱʱҶӢҪһǸӦòְɡ
ҪҵͷϴҶӢ˫ֻأЦĿף覣δҲ̫߿Լ˰ɡ
Ϊץסİѱ֧ʹ
ȻҪԼͷܡ
ҶӢ˵ҵĲʹ죬˾˭Ҳ䣬ҾҪһֱ
ףЦЦҶӢ㻹֮еС
ʱҲûҶӢ鷳ҶӢûźõҲҶӢ飬ôͱĴˣ
ǹܼγˣˣҲܰѹƵȥҶӢĲҪ̫Ҫ
ףʵͰ㲻ҰϢɢȥ
ҶӢԼ侲ԼӲ˵㵹ɢԿ᲻㣿
ҲǸɵӣҪʱף覣һᱻף󡣵ʱҪͼûпˡ
ǵ͹ף覵̡
ڱǴĿٳһŮˣôһ֮ҶӢƭȥ
һ۾ͿҶӢ۵ǱصĽţףٵͷһƳȻҶӢɳϵֶѾ߬
ף覹һЦҶСһֱûܹҥԵЩ˸ͲںЩ鵽ǲģֻҪһЦ͹ˡ
Ҷôæ˭ȥʲô
ֻҪϵڴͬһ飬ҾͻΪġ
ǻѻ˵һǧҲᱻ˴ûлУһϢȥɹ㲻֪𣿡
ףɳһУ˵οҲںɶӰ죬ֻҪܸӰҾͿˣϾҲ˲ٵ鷳
ҶӢ£Ǵƹˤ˭Ҳù
Ϊ֪ҶӢΪʲôҪסΪҶҳ˳룬ҶӢ¶ڣŻڻеʱ
Ĳ£סҶҾͺˣҪᵽƧıݣסĻġ
ҶӢĺܡ
ף˵꣬ҶӢԭװ侲Ҳܵ˶ҡ
ף覵ﶼһ㱡
ȷԼһ֮ǰܼγϹʾʱѾһˡ
ʱٴȥе飬ڱǻô
鷢ϣһͷײ
ҪǰŮ˵ͷ

ҶӢԽ߬Խ
ף覼ƽĿ
ƽƽļֱһ̲ˮ
ڸܵҶӢѾһٽʱ򣬲ܻӭͺ촽
ף˵ˣͻȻҪĵǸˡͷˣҲûаģҪĵǸһҲûСҵ̽ûнˡϧ
ףվҶӢȴͻȻ
ף߳Ժ󣬾Ͱ˵ȥô죿
ףҪ뿪ʱضһۡ
Ůüһεغظһ̨ףҵǾһܸõıҶСĳ⡣
ŮͬʱŤͷصġ
صߴҶӢɨƮƮ˵һʧҶСȫ֧͵ҶСǸˡҶСֳ飬ҶСҪչһʰ̯ӵķá֮˭ҲҶԷ鷳͵˭Ҳʶ˭
ⲻһСǮ֪ҶӢǮ
ҶӢǮҶΪ˱ȫڣҲ취Ǯˡ
εܲܳƿǣ
ףеȱǮܴҶӢҪ㲹ᵱȻܴ
ҶӢףһۣƺԥ
ֻҪǮ£
аѱץף覵ȷǴ·硣ҪǸףǮԺףһвô죿
飬ףҲûб̬أһС˵Ҳܹ
ף覿ҶӢ˵ʧСǮҵȻҲ⣬ǾҶС㲻ϸǮ
ﲻΪ˱ƷҶӢΪ˻ìܡ
ֻҪиƽĽͲ˵·Ȼ̼ҶӢҶӢըëһ·
ǲ֪ҶӢϲЭ
ҶӢ˼ƬԺ˵ǮҿԸǣҪôǻؿƿ
һǮôҶҿ
ǮܱȵͷҪĺã䲻Ǹ
ף˵ȥһף覵ʲôʱʧ˹˵һæأֻҪٸҲ磬Ҳù㡣
-

369ºչ

ףĵֹҪҶӢǰϴϹQ˷ôҶӢôΪ˭ϡǵ¡
ҶӢԸǮãûǿҶӢֻҶӢѡ
ҶӢĬһ󣬲̧ͷף˵ãҴӦ㡣
ףﴽһЦǸѡ
żûǵʧ⳥嵥һذѵӸ͹ҶС֮ڰǮ͹ʱǾ˭ҲǷ˭ˡ
˵곯ſȥһ¡
ף覻ͷҶӢ˵үҲҵѣԺҪ˽̣ܼγϵ⡣
ܼγʵңͷϹâˡ
ͲܼγϼȻѣͲòܼһﱻƭưͿ
ҶӢƬ̣ԭ·ʱȴͻȻЦף覣㲻δôôĲܼγϣ
ף覸òҲҪѲܼγϵɣ
˵ףҲϲܼγϣֻǲ˵ΪϲĻôôΪһ룬ƭ
ߵſڵף仰ͣ
ͷҶӢͬʵʹûĹ𣿡
һһˣ֮䲢ֻŮ鰮
˰飬֮仹кܶܶĸ顣
ҶӢƺֻܿһζβɾĹϵ
ҶӢֻĿΧ
̫ˡ
ҶӢԭأָԼСǸõ૵ѣ
ϵŮѵд
ǰ͸߽ҲѣΪ֮ѡ
ֻҪ鲻õʱֻҪһǱۣܱĿģҲǰѸ߽ϵԴġ
ȴõʲô
ǿ
һ˾ƣȥҸ߽ϣǸνѣȴ·ѹ⣬͵˴ϡ
ף覿еνѣ
ŲŮ֮ʲô꣬ǶŮŮΪԼĵ뷨һڣ
֮ͻˣ߽֪Ժ󣬻˵ʲôҪȢ
ҪҶҵǮ
ŲֶĵԸҸ˼ˣ¶ԷǲܼγֳԶĵͷߣҲ޸߽ϣ
ҶӢ̧ͷף˵иҲ˵ҵѣưǿҪˣȻҾͻӡⱲӶʲôŮ֮ѣ
̫𣬲ֻף̫ɾ
ϵЩмĵѣǶ˹ͬ˼ֻûб¶ˡ
ף覣ãûϸ߽
ҶӢĿף˵ͬ飬ͻ֪˵ǶԵġ
ףһ㶣ҶӢ˵ˣǸ߽ϣ
Ϊ߽˶ԲҶӢ飬ԲҶӢԸôŭôűˣ
ףת뿪ҶұݣһֱŲŶ˵ҶӢ˵𣿡
ĬĬɫҲÿ
еʱ֪̽˱˵ܣһ£Ϊÿһ˶ܳеĸ
˵ǲģ߽ˣԺҪעˡ
ķҶӢϣǶȻһη
Ͼ˭ĵ߽Ǹ߸ûκιĵˣһµǿ鷸أ
һŮ˵ף˾ԶҲˡ
ף覲˳ԿС˵ȥ֡
СΪԼˣһͷȵʵ֣
ֵطǰĻ˵̻ףСôȥ²̫ðɣ
ף覿ľʵ˭ȥˣֻҪͣںԱߵһЪŵĵԾС
ûȥЩŮ˼Сţ
ޣСһ˳ֵķȥˡ
ȥ־ͺãֵطһôֵס
ںһҺܲ۵Ŀȵߣ³Ժף覾ڵһ绰
ûãһһ·˳
ףڵغСĳ
ܼγϴǰ˷ܹܵȥСɻһΪףСүŻÿμߣôүأ
űĲ֪дʲô
ͷҲ̧Ĵף覲ûôܼγԸǹ£ȻҲᡣСȻˣͻչѣԸ񡣡
СˣףСչ˲ү
ô⻰Ծɡ
һʮСչ˱ĵͷߣ˵ȥ˭Цء
̧ͷһܼγѾ߽˿ȵ꣬˵ףСչ˵ķӶأֲǳ˴ܲչˡ
-

370ʲôƨ

Сһ֪ĵ˵ͷϵĶһۣĶ֣չȥʵдʲôأ
˵֮ǰΪ²ʧһ顣
Сʵ㲻Ѿ𣿡
û֮ǰǰڳͳƹĶʲô
˵Щ˵̻ǵʧ⳥Ѿˡ
˵֮ǰ͵ʧڰʧһ顣
С㰡һΪʲôҪһ飿ػеʱ𣿡
СҪпƵӾǲһʱؿһۣ˵Ϊ˶Ǯ
ȻҶӢĲұʾͬ飬ҲҪǮʱ
ҲĿŵĿһʣȥ̫ãֻ취ʧˣܴҶӢһǮ
ΪһƣǱرġ
С˵Ϊ˶ǮʱСĵ׵ĸߴܿˡ
ػƣû뵽Ҳôʵ
ȻظںԼ̮СΪʵûдʲôǮʲôʱһëǮûʱ򣬾Ͳôʵˡ
˵ҿųܻҲ벻Ͷɻ
һΪ˳һڸõķ
ǰ԰װ棬֮Դ⣬˵һǲܵõġ
ʵãŲᱻѹ塣
ܼγ߽һ۾ҵף覵ڣȻһ
һμԺǾͼûм
û뵽ף覾Ȼ绰
ܼγڽӵף覵ĵ绰Ժ󣬾ֱӷɱˣûڿȵ￴ܼγϵˡ
ʵ͵͵ҵģǲͻȻұã׼
˲˵ĳͷʱ׼ŵģֻҪףһɶԤǽǡ
Ƥ񣬾ԲԼΪɳܡ
ף覿һۣĬƬ̺վ˵ˡпˣһ㡣
治֪ܼγϵʲôëͺ˵˵
ܼγһ㶣𰡣ôЦ
ףҪߣܼγץסף覵ĸ첲λϡ
ܼγɫðɣʲô飬˵
ףʵҶӢһҪ޸ԭ𣿡
ʱ㣬ȵûʲôˡ
ĽƧû˻˵Ļ
ܼγϿһۣһ¶ǸЦеһԭôңҺøжøжҪ˵ӿ
ף覵ɫһҪ߰ɣܼγˣǸľ
Ҫߣܼγæ˵ûУԼ֪Ҷŵʲô
ף³һһ˵Ǳĵͷߣ֪ϲ𣿡
ܼγϾңܣҴʩһֱĺܺã˭˵ʲô߰ģ
ף覵ˢһ죬˭ʲôʩˣ˵߰ĶѵǲܼγԼ
죬ܼγϷһЦҶģʵһûʩΪһǴС
ܼγ˵꣬ߵıԼЦЦ
˶ΪңʵǸС~~~
Բôϲġ
ף覺촽һеǰⱭõܼγϡ
ף観˵ҶӢˣȲҪ޸㡣
Բۣ
ܼγһ´λ
ģǲϲ
ôһñӣֱӿͷˣ
ģûҶӢͷ˿ûһء
ȵϰ峯߿һۣòܼγһʹСеģֱë
ƽʱܼγϿ϶Ҫͷߵɵ곤һˣ뵽ף覻Լǰܼγϲף覾ԼˣȻ
ѹʵȷ
ף覲ǻˣ飬һҪŪˣ˭Ҳ̫á
ף覵˵ͷոȥҶҵıȷϹˡΪұܣԺӦò֮ĻԼ㣬ҲģǾӦøһ
ܼγϿףʵΪʲôЩ
ף˵㱻ƭ
ҶӢҲܼγϣҪܼγϳưͿܼγҲɵɵıڹ
ܼγϿ۾׷ʵΪʲôұƭ
ģܼγڴʲô
ף覷ʵǲô
ܼγһ㶣û˵ϻ
Ŷ⻰ҲԼ˵ġѡǰԼһӡ
ѣѣǵʲôƨѡ
ף覴
-

371ºӾ͵øҵ

ܼγϺȻ;һκף覼û˼ȱȱ˵˵Ǿ£һܲӲɣ
ʱŷף覺񣬶֪ĸ飬ȴûнżü򵥵ġѡ֣ʵİȫ롣
ףһȥҳԷʱ;˵򵥡
ˣ֪һĻҪԼδ޳ԷĶô󷽵ĸԼƫ
óϣǾӷ緶
ֵʮƤСˣǰôһ˿˿
û뵽ףҲ
ףΣϢĲĸ顣
֮⣬κܹ֮ϵ
һĵ۸ף۸̫ˣ͸͸ġ
ܼγվ˵ҶӢ֪ˣûĻҾȻȥˡӺֻһȺõȥء
һ仰Ϊ˴̼ף覲Źⲹϵġ
Ȼϣ̼Ǹȴûа㶯ݣòܼγڵΪ֮ɡ
ܼγϿ˿ף覣ûзӦ̵Ųһ
ô˰ԶܵˣôҲ˵ԼԶٷ
ܼγֿ˿ף覣Ųһ˰
ܼγе㼱ˣô˵
ף覾ؿһܼγϵıݣεˣװˣһ¸˵
õģ˵
ոհŲϼ׾Ĳܼγϣһִڻף覵ǰˣӣаߵӡ
ף˵н磬ܶ˶ȥ
ܼγ̧ͷʵҹȥԽӰȥԽСŮԿ𣿡
ףʼ磬ûСŮʲôֳһ˲١
ܼγʵҹȥ
ף覺һڿʵֱҶӢ飬Ϊ˺ת͵ɡ
⣬ֵĸҲһֱڱǿȥֵطһҪٵġ
֮ǰͼֳԹһٷżȻһ죬뵽˲ܼγϵ顣
ǲ취תͣԺһᱻ
ҶҲܼ֮ԻҶҽףҲΪͨҶңźϴףúʲôֻ
ףڸܼγϴţһʹٹϵš
ܼܹҵҶҸõİǵˣǵȻͲҶҵǣơ
һףҪԼȥЩһˣܼγϾ͵Ե˵ϣܰЩʣԺ¾ͲˡҪô˵ĳϸЩ˶𣿡
ЩЩϲ̨档һܼγĺܡ
ףԸǵЩҲܸмǷô̫á
Щ˵ͨץסǵİѱЩ˻ͷúף覣ף覸Ľ磬Ƕ˹١
ڵǲ̫ãҲף鷳
ңΪһӲˣҲףһŮæ˵ȥүඪѽ
ף֪ʲôȴ˵ΪƽʱŸҪȥչһĳ⡣
ȱźı䣬ܼγϾͻĺܱ
ʱͷҪˣܼγϾ벻ĶˡԸı䣬ͻļ򵥺ܶ࣬ǿԼȨ
ԺúֱֳǻǱʲôĺҪĺá
ף˵үҲǸˣЩҪĻ춼ܹܵסӦЩҪĵٵ𣿡
ܼγЦЦһһǧҲǮһٿҲǮܳԵñҪôԼЩԼ˵飬ѰӶң
ܼγϾ̫ɢʲô鶼ġ
˺ϵģǵɵںûбƵûڱ㣬﷢ı䣿Ҳͦõ
ףĬĬ治ףһӣΪʲôǲԸȥҵһ㣬϶ıҪá
ǿˣܼγǾЩٵĲ磬Ƕ鲻Ȥ
ܰ˼һЩϣָŪ
ǲܼγȻҵĺܡ
Ӿ͵øҵܼγЦЦȻʵף覣ΪʲôǶԱ˵ôģ
Ǻֵ飬˸ӴţôôطҪأ
ֲԼһȴŲ¡
ף覿۾ʵ֮ǰ㲻Ǹ˵ûѡ𣿵ںĻﳤûѡſԼȥı䣬ѵֲ𣿡
-

372㰮ôžô

˵ڿн㣬һ˲䣬ܼγף覵۵׿һ顣
ͬȴһ˲ȼ˲ܼγϵŭ
ףѵڿ
ΪǰûܹԼҪӣְ·ߵһؤһҪԼһѣԲŴԶܵ˵Щ
ܼγϲף覣ϲϲףð˲ܼγ˵ĽʱܼγҲһ
ף۹⿴ţͷǱһ룬΢ʹһ¡
뱻ͬ飬˻Ǹһ仨һĳĵ׵ף覡
뻹ãܼγôţȻЩԼˡ
ԼԺ˵ζЩˡ
ûɵǺףһ䣬ĲĵĶҵ飬ûæǰû֣㻹ͦ¡
ףһ㶣ܼγϵĻôͻȻô塣
ѵղ˵Ļʲô˲ܼγϵᣬͻȻһˣ
ڹ㡣ף˵
ܼγЦһʲôƨģף覸ڿǿ·ߵһһ
˰ɣףС㡣òûɵĹģֲҺá˵ˣѾףйϸĻô£һ촥üͷʱɴ಻Ҫ㣿㵽ʱҵĻ
ɫٿȻһܼγϡ
ϵСåëַ˵Ķʲô˻
ǰûãף覲ŷ֣ܼγҪˣҲһһ׵ġ
ղŻ˵ĺúõģͻȻ˻ҩô
飬ܼγЦĵ㡣
ףôĽԼ֣ܼγϵ¾ͺˡ
޲˦ԼһƣԼôһʱӣף˵ôЩ˻
ǲܼγŮǰǲͷϴģЩ˼ô꣬ôĨȥ
ͺñڣ֪ףǴͬĿҲΪãҲȻŲӣףʵô˵ˣ
ŲܼγǸӾôקòò㰮ӣף覵ĻҲ
СʱһûʲôѣԶѵýϵѣǺġ
غֻҪҪԸȥæ
ѵڱǽһԵѣҪŽһ·ȴܼγô˵ܼγ˵µĵ㻹ܲ
֪ԼŲܼγһԾˣòܼγͻȻô˵
ֻǲܼγӣҲȷ˳ۡ
ڶƿϣףһĺܲǵˣҲûô
ǽܼγϵ̬ȣ̫ף覲ˡ
ܼγ϶ʲôֱ˵αôǹǸˣ
ף򴽣ɫ
㰮ôžôŰɣϲˣˣһӡҲæĺܣ㡣
һ˶˵㰮ôžôŵʱһǶʧˡףڶԲܼγϾ뷨
Ϸһֽң߳˿ȵꡣ
ף˳С˵췼Է
ѵף覵ĻôصĻҩζСҵ̿ˡ
һۣȥʱף覻úõģͲܼγϲ˵˶õĻô͸һըˣ
عĵôˣǸ˸ղˣ
ףŤͷŴ˵˵
ʲô֪Ͳˡ
ܼγ濴һۣף覹뿪ˣյһ̧־ǺݺݵһԼϡ
ܼγľǸɵӣ
ôϲ˵ЩûõƨԼǷ顣
ף˵ûϺ·ȷûѡ
ڣǲΪǲѡ
Լѡ˸ı䣬Χ˺Ҳ䡣ʱܲסЩ죬ӿܻڸ̹
үҲ˵ʱ򣬵Ů˵ǰֳԲŻ˵ʲôǹ
˵ף覶£ԼȥҲʲôջ񣬵ʱҪף覿Ц
ܼγôӵһˣôԸԼף覵ǰ
ںˣ˸ˡ
ǲöˣǹҲûˡ
Сѳͣ췼Էſڣף˳Ժ󣬸ص˸𣬾ͽˡ
ٽǰػһۣɫȻܲ
ǱܼγĲᡣ
ף覹ŵɳ߷˱Ťͷؿһۡ
ôһۣͷˣ鲻̫á
˲ߵĿλ
ף覻Ьӣİ˹ȥ
ԺͱԼϥǣѽĻ
СС͸ŵʧ䣬ĳʵҹΪʲô鲻ˣ
-

373Ľ

ף̧ͷСһལ۵׵ίˡ
¾ҪԼߵģף覰ʼĩ˵˸һ飬ŷʵѵ𣿲ܼγΪʲôô˵ң
ôԴҲǻģ
˵һУžѾ˲ܼγԭ
ΪͬˣܼγϵеҪϡ
ɾһˣ˵ʲôʹ
ף覵ʱ˵ЩΪڱͬ顣
ܼγ˺Ҫ棬һܲԼͺըë
ȻͷףڲܼγǰǺ顣
ץһֻСϵı鿴һ˿ֻǳôǰѲܼγϵĽύˡ
û뵽¶Բܼγϵôġ
ף覵ͷұûжѣѵֻʺƱˣʺϽô
ͷŻССһֻԵĹ͵飬ûдֻǲܼγʱܻˣΪֻͬӦòͬɣ
ףʵô֪ͬ飿
ЦЦͬ飬һöԷֻ֣ڱĬĬذˣͬвܼγϣ
˼ϸ壬Ȼ֪ͬж˵ԱͷУôڲܼγǰֳԲܼγϵͬ飿
ܼγϾΪ˽¶Żн⡣
ʱףǰһԹԵѻ˵жϣǵĲͬ
ף˵꣬Ȼ̧ͷ°һڡ
һ㶣ü
ףת˸˫ȦסĲӣ˫۾˵Ľ
ʱŲܼγϵ񣬲ͬ飬Ľ
һ㶣һû뵽
ͷԼĶͷĶͷҡαʵĽʲô
ʲôǲܼγ覶ҪĽģ
˵һҳ
ף覵˵衣
һ
ף۾˵һȥҳԷʱҾͺĽܺԼĸһôܣܹôҸĸ֮ҲûʲôҡĽϣԺҲҸһʱٷ֮ǰͱһڲֿ顣
ı䣬һᱻȡǱʱܼγϸô죿ĸָô죿
ܼγһٴγ£ĸҪôԺѵҪ׷ͺڷ
Сû裬̫Ľܼγˣ̫ϣĸܹúȥŻܵȥ취ܼγϴţϣܹĽһЩŬ
Ժҵת䣬Ժһܱ̫ƽȣڼĸףҲΪѵ
뷨ȥ˺֣ȴǲܼγǷ
ĽܼγûеĶǲܼγȴһ㶼ϧ£ôܲ
ף覵͵͵ģһֻйƤ۾˵磬ˡ
˵꣬ףͷǰ
˶裬Ҳ衣
ǰҲһȫõ裬һԼͻȻûˡ
ôûˡ
˶˵ɱģЩǵļȴ˵
ֻϣܼγԺܹѣ𣬲ܼγϵʱƾʲôô˵
°ʹļϣѹֵĿ˳۵͸ۡ
Ĭã̧ף覵ıԡ
ף観ҭ˵ܰ軻ҾصǰĴãʲôԲҪǣǡ
˭֪ףѾˡ
ʬѾںܶǰһ˴ɽ
ףףҲܻˡ
ԽԽܵĿ˫ĶϣǸεԲ𡭡
ԲûǸʱ򱣻裬ôµô
Բû֮վΪĸ磬ô׵˲ɽ
Բô꣬㵽ڶ治巽ĺΪ
Բ𡭡
ǳ˶ԲҲ˵ʲôˡ
ȻҪ
۵׵ӿȵĴ󺣣Խû
ԼеһеҲֵࡣ
ѹٿգҲҪסǸԲܣͽԼǷǸһҲ롣
ҵ¶ϣܻıκһ˶Ҹ
ԣģԲ
-

374ʲôʱ˧

˾Ϳʼæ
۱˽̨̻ˮ˶Ѿʼһֱӷӡ
Ҷ֪˵жҪ˵бǵĴһͷ㡣
ôһص̻ûμӣ˶˳ˣ
ף覻ûѾһƬֵľˡ
һ߹ĵ̣һŸѺõЦӣ컹һӴ˭ĽƯĽӺãһվǰͷ˳
ңı£
˵ߣҶ֪ܸһʼˣ㡣
ʵǣһȥ˶𣿡
˵ѽףСҲȥء
˵¶һĨЦݣôõӣ˵Ҳأ
ɵõͷ˿Լϵ·̧ͷʱ򣬴Ѿ߿ˡ
һүףСһĻ߳ŵֵǲҲ·Ѿܾˣô˿ţǲǲð
·߶룬Ҵҵܻ
췼Էףٳǰ顣
ߵ߻ЬЦе˵ʲôһҪֲǱˣԼҹ
ڽʯɵԺף覼޹ȥȷҪʯһ
ף˵ȥ˲٣ҵñֺһ㡣
ȷʯȥԺ󣬲ٱǵĴٹ˶ϵȷᵽʮȻע㡣
챱ǵֶ࣬ùŵ㲻ܳӡ
ǰֳ涼Ǿ˾˺һ棬ȴҪһˣôܻһҲţ
룬ף˵ʲôʲô飬ҰӦЩˣ
ϷĿӶûϵãףǰôһǾ¶˳˳ſ£Լؼ
ǣýʵġ
ԼǰĺףæһһСϼ
ʹƤȻҲȵĸһ㡣
һЦﳤˣ֪ÿĵطˡ
ףæԽߣ߰ɣҿɲҪٵ
̧ԼȻ̡
ͷߵȻһۣף˻ȥżڵĿϵá

ף˵кһҪѧᱣԼҪô¶֮ͽ
һ飺ʲô
ף覿ۺǰӣ˵߿ߣ
˵ʱ򣬽ͷβѾˡ
Ǹʯ쿪ʱʮ㣬ԲûеʲôҪ¡
ذѽ簲ŵĺ򣬲ʱڼܣԾڵ˺ܶ࣬Ҳûгӡ
ڿеˣһжܺ
֮ʯǵĴﶼȺ󵽳Ҳ뵽Ľ
Щһ֣ͱƵǰδеĸ߳
Ƕ궯ұǱſֵ̬ģ˭Ҳû뵽ЩĻ֣һôӵ顣
ʯȻλߣĽӾȻҲĺܺá
һߦõĽƤŽһݣƤ˳һһһֻƯĽӾͳˡ
ףվʯߣôİӣЦʯǰҲ𣿡
ôĶǾڰӣǾġ
ʯһۣѹ˵Ұ˰ԣڼʱʱҾ͸ӳԡ
ףһ㶣Ц̫̫и
ʯƽʱô࣬ΪʯǸŮ˵ˣû뵽̫̫Ҳô谮
ΧļҲΧ˹ʯӰôãü˶ķĽƤʯһͨʯЩӶ챻ʯˡ
ǱҲӵģֻʯ죬Ժлȥ˱Ҳðһ㡣
ֵʱһͣĳ⡣
һĸһɫװ˵ŵŽ²ƤЬӳ
˸ͷǰͷȥѵõ˷˽쿴ɾ
һװϣԵģġ
ǲʶˣһǸҵгɵĳɹʿ
ǱǵĻǹһͻ֪ⲻǺĲү
ѳͣãԲܼγ˵ү˧
ܼγһͷ˵үʲôʱ˧ʲôʱ˧㣡
˵ͷֵָ˵ȥɣٲȥϲϿԽˣ
-

375Сͦϵ

ܼγһ㶣ְ˵˵·ˣ治֪һ촩·ôȥġ
ģˣҲ̫ˡ
ΪףˣŻôףء
һۣ￴˿ŵʵүվôöȥò˰ɣ
ܼγ̼ʵô겻ңʲôʱ¹
һ㶣ӾʵҾôһ£ôȵβ͵ʱһ
ܼγ˫ڿڴŤŤ˵үͽȥˡ
ӭԱһ̧֣ϣ롣
ܼγһ󲽳˽ȥ
û߶ԶܼγϾͷף覡
촩һǳɫȹӣվһŴԲߺȼվһ˵ʲô
ף覵۵׺Цƺܿĵӣ۽ҲЦ⣬΢΢ͷԱõף覵ĻʱҲһ䣬˿׵ĽͯŮ˭˶̲סĽ
ܼγϵĵ׺Ȼеġ
ƲƲ죬ͷҪȥ
춼ף覰ѻ˵ǸˣôܹԼŰôôҪӣôܲһ
ܼγϵĽŲͣ
Ȼ뵽ף覵Էһһѵõܰʱ⡣
ĺϲף覡
ܼγϵƤ˾ᡣ
ھôŤͷˣף覻Ը𣿿ôܿĵп޵ѣ
ɣ
ʲôʱүҲôηηβˣ
ܼγϻͷף˹ȥ
ף覸պ˵ԼǰףҰʱһȤ£̧ͷͿܼγվԼǰ
ףһ㶣ǵһμܼγϴôէһ˧Ҫˡ
ϵЦݺܿ
Ϊܼγ˵Щء
ף򴽣ʵôˣ
ܼγЩƳһۣͷ˵ҡպ·
ɨһۣü⴩·
ܼγϵһ£˵
һ죬ܲܲҪ˵
ף覿˿ת뿪ȥ
ԼŲҪ־Լµˡ
ܼγһ㶣æߵǰסȥ·еף覣
ף̧ͷʵүʲôһҪæûһֱ¡
ܼγ϶˶Ƥҡ
ףһĿġ
ҡ
ܼγҧҧǼˣ
վףߣ˵Ǿ仰
ܼγ϶˵Ǹүܲʱرһ£
üһɴֵ̧Ųܼγϵ棬ף§ԼĻ
ʵҵδޣΪʲôҪرܣ
˵ûһرܡ
СĶף̣ÿţòܼγ˵ʲô˵Ļף覡
ܼγһҭͷף覣Ǻðû˵һ仰
ףûģ̧ͷ˵磬߰ɡ
ͷ§ףߡ
ܼγϼף治ˣһż˰ĻͻȻ˵˳Բ𣡡
ף覵ĽŲһͣͷһۡ
ܼγ˵˵Щ˵Ļ㲻ҪȥʵڲУ͵вݺݵĳơֻҪ㲻ôС
һŮԼԼİƣܼγϾΪһˣѾгˡ
ףû˵ΪʲҪ㣬㰮ôžôţûйϵ
ܼγһ㶣⻰ǻûԭ
Ůƽʱͦ󷽵ģû뵽Ҳú塭
µŮȻһ
ܼγ˵Ǹҵ֪ΪҺáôңĸ˲ĵײƽ⡭
ô˵Ȼƽ⣬ίĺءһ飬ܼγһϣףڿ
ףһؿڣһ˫ֶɵ߬ȭͷ
Ĳ֪Ϊʲô
ƫƫףֲĴܼγһȭͷ޺޵ԭضһԺͷҲص߿ˡ
ܼγһ㶣Ťͷʵôˣ
һֱףһԸ˽ˣúõĸף覽ôأ
ѵֵĳѵ
²ؼ߸߹𣺡ΪʲôҪ㣿
ܼγĬĬ˲׾ˣô˽ף覣ô޻̸һ֪Ϊʲô
ܼγʱˬ죬˫ֱȭٵǰһ磡
üСԭͦϵ
-

376ϱû

ܼγϾԼǰûˣǵͷ飬һԺ֮Ȼǰˡ
˵ףˣָһ׵
һȻˣȻͲòܼγײǽȻҪϣףһֱôȥ
¶ظ飬ܼγϺһֱⲻ¶һʱҲǹġ
ɲϣ¶ڼҵʱﻹһˡ
˵¶ûп㣬෴Ľ㡣
ܼγһ㶣Ľң
渵ܼγ˵һУĵ׶ʱӰ
һֱף覵ָɾĽġûԼӵеЩһ쾹ȻҲףĽ
˵Ҫܼ򵥣ֻҪܺúõģҲͷˡǵԺΪ⣬䲻̫ƽ
ܼγԶһۣףѾȺ
ϿȻЦģЦôÿ
ڲܼγѾǰĽˣ෴һЩ
̫ҪӵһĸףôԼĽ
ĬƬ̣˵ܼγϣĲ˽¶һε㲻ԣİ㵱ѣҪʧ
ܼγվԭ˺һ
ף覸εŲףҪı䣬ȷǸûᡣ
¶øɣ
ȲܼγҪɻѾ̧ߵףߡ
վף󣬸ҧѾܼγϽˣҹԺٹˡ
ף˵ôô룬Ҫ
ף˵꣬ȴǿվͷĲܼγһۣȻǹĲܼγϵġ
΢΢һЦ֪
ǵһӳʱ򣬴Χһ𣬿ŸոĽӱһ̵ĶһЦıһˡ
һֱæǰæкţȻҲۡ
ף覼𼸸ӷŵȷָʯȳԡ
ʯⶺʵ𾴻Т
˲֪ʯĹϵȻҲ⻰⣬ףȴװס
˵𾴣Ǿʯʯ
ТôȻǸһɵˡ
ҲͷףһۣףЦ˫
ãϱ˵
ʯӹӣĵĳ
ܻȦסף覵°ʹļʵҵأ
Ҷ֪һԶʱ壺Ŷϡ
ף覵һ죬ɿôأ
ⷢĲ֪߾磬˵˶ãôҲĽĽôܸɵС
ţڶĽҲˡ
ҶΧһղ˵ʱûѹ˵ʲô
Ļһ䣬ҾͶףףС㣬˼иӣȻ˶˾Ҫˣ
ףߵʲôң˵˵
Ȼô˵нӵĶȴûͣ
һðĽ͵ǰף覴ߴٵԡ
ӣֵͷף覵Ķ˵֪ϱԺûֵ𣿡
ףɻأ
˵ϱѽ
ףһ㶣ͷ˿ȦԼϵ׳ֱۡ
ףĽŬŬ죬ιһ
ˢˢĽĿͶף覣һڴĿ
ף覲һϲڱǰˣô˿ţе㲻ϰߡ
ףõġ
Ϊʱʱ캦ߣҪǰƤ
дߴٵףС㵹ιүһӰ㿴үˡ
Ҳ͵ţҺö
ףڴҵĴߴ£ÿӼһֻ͵ߣһҧס̽
ۣΧЩһ塣
ףվߣоԼҪˡ
ǳԽôЩ԰Եİɣ
Թӵ˵ӣʰæԼͷһѣȥ˼ң
û˱˽ǵ˼Ϳˡ
¶Ҫǰĺˣ˵дɩˡ
һۣ˲֣˹ȥ
ֻ˻ûߵǰͱһܹȥĴˡ
һ㶣Ǹһ˵˵ҪʼˣЩҹȥ
ӵıΪ˽ٰһȤζСܲμӣǿˣֻҪҲԲ룬Ը֡
ƷҲʲô˲Ķͼͷѡ
ǴҶˣȻϣ˰
ߣҲ󲽸˹ȥյظǰʱѾƵǰˡ
-

377¶

ĳϣ߰ųͷβһţʮվߣǰŸѺõźߦȣҪʼˣЩЩڴ
վм䣬ЩʮϰǱ׳ҲֵСһá
Ⱥ˱е
;վߣʱСԱ߳һۡ
ЩھһɾظҲֻĵ¶һЦݡ
ֵվһĭеû˵һѣΧֺģףȺ̨С
ǲμģǱףţҲûʲô˼Ͱư͵ĴӦˡ
Ⱥ￴ֱףײһĸ첲
ǲǿҵˣҪ濴ˣԺһһʴ񣬸ҵ
һۣЦ㶼ҵˣʲôҵˣǲҪô⣡
ף覰ĺһǲУֵҲҪ˵ģɿ̩۵ʱô˵ġ
һЦСѾͷͦȻûƭȥ
˻ӶϵСӣʼˡ
һЩɵŮ³ͣұǿֶѣǵҵĿƵʱΧֵ˶̾
˶ٶе㱾£ǺһʣԪӺȹ߽ӶͨģֱߵЩӣĺÿ
Ľӻ࣬һſſĽƤǱŮʩ˷һһģ
ϲģǵģҶݵģĵģ
ۿ˭뵽ͨͨһӣȻôְ
ʱ֪˭һ䣬ƯĽҲƯ
ϴһɫĹӣҲֻǳǳĳһαߣûʲôĻơ
ͷ÷ԺһǸ˳ģ
ǴҶ֪ģƯЩġѾˣΧһʱҲ塣
ͺߣ¸һֱͷð춼̧ͷҡ
ɫһǱ
̧ͷһʱǺ
ˣ
ߵŮһӵı߶ûãڶ¶һ㡣
һյĿһĽӣҴҵ˸ʲݵβ
״һ㶣ףС㵹Ǹ˵ĵСѵĴɤŵСһŮˣ
ûȥͷӣȴ΢ɲĶǳǳЦ⡣
ף覵ͷҪܴճһԶ˭վ˱ˣ
ҲϹ壬ڿ˵ܳһԶ
˶԰ԴûʲôȤһ˳ĳĲɵ˵ܳһԲǻ࿴ôû˭ռһ˵˵һǧһֻҪԼúãǾǺá
ף覵͵͵ĺһͻҡ
˵תͷȥ
۵йӰȥһأ׳¶һɫСƤ
ף覲ͲҪ֣Ǻʱ
ֿ̧ʼͷС衣
̫УСүС
ףѾϰԼͷ
оڶԼͷףʲôҲû˵ȥһ˫۾һתת̨Ͽ
һһ̱õĽӾͶ˵ίǵǰѡõĽӡ
ջʤߺ
ͨһʴһССĺ
ӮԺӮ֮ǰıֲûʲô𣬱һ˽˳Ⱥˡ
ͲǰֵˣǸղǸһμӡ
һ˳Ⱥ󲽳˹ȥԤк
ʱһСˡ
ߵǰһͷСܵǰ˵ҿղŰĽÿôɣ˭Ȣ㵱ϱɾиˡ
ԭЦ仰Ժ͵˲١
һλ飬һεĻûдҸ飬Զڽ飬ĵ׻Щܵġ
ǰ˵ĻҲе㲻ϲ
Щ飬ΪԼĸһ㣬ΪЩˣרŷ̱ѽ
ӳһֱͱʲôⷬȻϲȴҲûзʲô
СʵҲģ
ͷû˵
Сƶᣬ㿪ʲô꣬ͷҴһȥĵ
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378ȥСŮ

Сò˼̫ԣǴ񾭵Ҳˡ
ⲻҪʶʶ˼
ͷЩ˼Ӻӡ
ǰڴʱһֱţûк˴ֻҪ˺˵ðһٴ
ѻǵһ
á˵Щʲôأ
ߵߣŤͷԴͷС˵˼һ˼ҵı£ûиʲôϵѵӣΪ˼˸˰ӳԣķ
ҪմͷСô˵Ȣ˾ǸǲӵŮ˲Ƕ޲ȥˣ
ôϲӵģбȥòӻ
Сͷëû룬˼뵹Ǹʮͷһ
̧ͷȵؿû뵽ͻȻðû뵽ôԼ˵
˵Ķģȴֲ˵ġ
˸ڲѵǼ꣬һļⷢټһָ࣬Сʱ˫ۿе㷢
С꿴ʵ㣬ð
ôףһá
͵̧ͷ㵵ؿǰСꡣ
͵Ҹղʲôû˵
С궪һ仰Ҵҵˡ
Ҫ֪ѾˣͲһˡ
ԷôʵˣҲ򲻹ѽ
СߺΡ
ûԼڱ˵ǰᱻˣǡ
˶һ¢ĳĬŶԷ֪˵ʲôá
Ρ
ĽӵȷĲ
ҪҪԽӣ
ͬʱ˵
գգۣһ˵ԡ
߬߬·ߣϸϸ˵һصһ
һĻ˵ҾͿҪɩˡ
ûӦҲû˼ӦΪһ˫۾Ⱥеĸ߽ϡ
ҶӢ˵ĻأܾôŸ߽ϲҲǸ¡
Ժףָڲͬϯ߶һ
һȺ֮⿴˲ܼγϡ
ȻûߣһȺǵľֳһһ̸˵
ףһ㶣ʵڸʲô
˵ӦͨˣҪðɡ
ףһյĵƦȻҲģġ
ֵĽһֱҹ˵Žʯ뿪ԺЩֵˣҲ뿪
ʣµβȫҪ
һƬʣµľһƬǽ塣
Щ漣漣ǲܼγϾȻûף覹ܵ£ֻһֱһֱ
һֱ뷨ӺЩϤ˻죬ñǵĲүȻҲôʱ˵ҪԼж
ףһ˵ĺܶԣǾиӡ
˭ùϵЩ¡
һ̸꣬ŶԷıӰʧڽͷԺ󣬲ܼγϳײԼˡ
תһƨɾ˽ֱߵ̨ϣҲԼϵװֵǮ
ֻ˵£ϵ飬ˣ
оȺٵģ˵ֱ׵˲һ˵һ룬һһ׵ġ
ȻŬˣҲ֪Щ˵ĵ׻Ʋ
Щ˵ǺǱδô
촩ȻЩ˴ĻᶼûС
ʱһڵĽӲһ˫ӣ͵ǰ
ܼγһ㶣ߺܿһЦݡ
ģ́ͷһ۵׵ĹâȴѸٰ
ӵ
ʵ𣿡
ܼγϴͷɥ˵û顭
Ϊף覿棬ͻ᲻ءû뵽ȵף覵涼ûмš
Ů˾Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ѵܲԼĵǸĳ
Ž˵Ҹġ
ܼγѸ̧̧ͷ۵ðŹ⣬ʵףģ
ͷ˵һ綼ڸ˵һûʱԷҸһ̽ӣڶء
ܼγϽӹӣ촽ֿˣ
Ȼæһ죬һҲˣ
ף覲СһҲСһ׵СŮ
ܼγ϶ŽӾ
Ե̻ʣΪǶ
ɵͬ𼱣ﻹСҪǶ͸һصԡ
ܼγϳԵĺһ̽ӺܿͱȫˣȻﺬûȥĽʵףأò˰ɣ
˵ڰ칫أûߡ
ܼγվӺͿӶݸһĨ˫Ⱦͳ칫·˹ȥ
٣ҪȥСŮˡ
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379ɨ

ŲܼγʧӰ۵¶ɻĿ⡣
֪覲ϲôȥף覻ôأ治֪ү˷ܸʲô
ھӽһҪջȥˣתߣŴһӡ
еһҪһ̧̧Ķ
պһסӵͷһųͻȻ˵أ̧ͷһһ˾ųˡ
󰡡
Ҳ󣬵ûԼɹκ£ˡ
ף¥ȥ̸ˣеģһŴ֡
һȵӣ̴չȥ˵һֱܴҲرʵס
˵ȷǸܺõˡ
ʱˣ˴һ߹ȥʵ˵ʲôأ
ûʲôллղŰҰӡ
˵꣬߿ˡ
̾ôܸɣʺȢؼҵϱһܰѼľ
ʧıӰ
΢΢һЦ˵ŮҲͦʺϵɩӡ
һͷܼγƨƨߵܵ칫¥һͱ¥ڽף覵İ칫ҡ
ѾȲҪСŮˡ
칫ף覺һɳϣЩߡ
˵ǲܰѸֱ߽ӸߣԺ׸鷳ҲܰҶСͱȥñˡҪ֮һ£һý鷳
ָ֮˭Ҷ֪һֱ̼ҡ
ͻȻĲܼγϺĴǵ̸ˢˢؿǻ͹Ĳܼγϣ칫һĬ
˵ܼγϵһҲߵǰҶʲôأ
ܼγϿ˿ңǰںûʲôѣЩҲǷ˵һȥ
һ죬ǵһΡ
ʱܼγ־ãѣʱǲ
ף˵һˡ
Ѿˣ߽ϵܸĥĥôá
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ףƳһ۲ܼγϵ䣬һƬ͹ڵƹ·Ź⣬æߵЦ⡣
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ˢˢĿ
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ףԴɳϣ΢΢ס
ܼγüͷʲôˮôʲô¶ܵˣ㿪ҵ֮ǰѵûҴʦ𣿡
ף覰һۣܲܲҪô⽨ţ
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ף˵ΪģûаݹԲŻôЩ߰顣
ף΢΢һЦʲôϵնŲǿڹ
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ܼγһ㶣ֵܣô㣬ôɨǣĸǣ
ףô˵ɨأ̫ˡ
ף˵ҶӢΪ£˸ϡã߽ҲΪҶӢˣŻ֮˺Ǳ۵顣Щ㶼йϵ㻹˵㲻ɨǣ
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鲹ô˵ܼγ㻹ͦɥġ
֮һƬɥ
ҵĿȫעڲܼγϣҪôΪԼѡ
ܼγϳĬ󣬲վ˵ľˣô⽨ţʲô׵ѧ
ףüޣǲ֪ղҶ˲֪˭
ܼγ֪ܵ˵˭ˣûе£
ҪǵĵͷߣҪҪ
ּܶġ
վ˵˵⣬߽ôûкʵɰߣǾֻԼΥԼˡ
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ףһ㶣Ѿˣѵƭˣ
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ŮֻҪһޣױ϶Ϊܺߣ˭Ҳ֤߽Ͼ¡
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380½һСŮ

ףһĬŮ˵ǸԵ
ǵʱΪҶӢĲҾһͷ˽ȥʶؾͽ߽ϵһԴ龿Ǽ٣ȴû֤
˭Ҳܱ֤ҶӢʱû˵ٻƭǣûл⡣
ҪǺãӦøһЩΪϵ˵
ף򴽣̧ͷ߽ϵûǸģһ¾֪ˡ
˻˵飬ôˡʱû£͵㡣
ʵôԣ
ѰգҪԳ߽ϵûģװɡ
ףŤͷŲܼγ˵һСŮ¡
ܼγ㶣Ʋɾ˵ôԺãĺˣʲôСŮ
ף˵Ůô࣬㲻ܲʶŮͷһ崿Ůþˣܿͻ㡣
ܼγֵطװʲô崿
ܼγϺٺһЦҪҵȻԸģʲôأ
ôõĻᣬһ֮ľ룬̫ϧˡ
ף覿ǵ͹˵㲻ǶѾ𣬳˵̣Ҿ͵ӦˡСŮѡԺ󣬾͹
ܼγԭ̽ӵôأ
ףҲ̫թˣСŮôôСۣ
Ժٴλص졣
ε˳ССĹ
ף覸һʷı꣬˳˷٣ϢϢ
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شԺ󣬾׼ȥҶұݡǱǮûиҶӢҪǮйصԲܵ
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ԼŮף覱ȥһͷȵԲʶ·ˣϣԴ̿ǵĹϵԲ׼һ·
ԲЩˣδҪԺΪ鳳ܡ
¥￴һۣ裬軹ܺ㣿ףһһˣҪٲ취һᱻף覱ȥģ
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˷õҲĵãҪ̼ҵļҲòˣ
˵Բ͸һ
ף覶ѾôɾˣΪҲͷۣƾʲôкôףһռˣ
ָݺݵش˴ԲͷյѾͷĿôôǳһ¿ҵʱף覶Щ˲õЩ棡һӣԺҾͲҶ㵽ף
ԲʱץҲʶˣԺҪǳ£Щ˲ȫף覣
񽿳ԲֱߣҽȥԸ㰲Щ˿Һò뵽ģɱ˷һĺͺˮ
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381˭ı

Բʹһ¥ͿһԵľߣûһںԺͺǵһ־¥Էһ
СžƱ˵ԣͣʲôԵ㡣
Բؿһ̧ۣ߽׼õİ䡣
Ѿˣ˶Ѿʮ꣬°Լɼӡ
ǿԲһۣԴ˵Ů
ĵЦ԰
һƺڵǵĹбĲͷˣʵŮǲǾǲʲôԲ
Բûе£ŮҰ硣˵ҪǣҪƯſϳţŵʱ䡣ԲФͺ塣
Ļ˵ĺ˵ͻ벻Ӧ˵ʱˢӵġ
ФʮĿԲһۣЦʲô壬ⰡԼˣԺͽФˡ
˵꣬Լ˶һۡ
۵׶¶ֶԲ⡣
˵̼ҵĹòãôһǡ
Բȴüͷ˵
һˣҲ˼Գƴ硣ЩǹҪģ
ԲסԼĵ׵ķУֱ硣
˸ûк̸ʲôµ˼ȹƣͿʼҪԲľơ
ʱ裬Բ˺Щơ
Բܲ˺ȶ˾ɫеضԼӣվ˵ȥϴּ䡣
񽿸ûвԼŮʲô仯ںЦԲ˳Բˡ
Բ߳Ժ󣬼￴һۡ
ܸʶĵ׶ЩʲôˣȻûһģ
ѵĿЩ˶Ҫð֪˼棬ǵðһƤ
ţԲȥ
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СﶪһףǵȻ¹Ǯ߯󷽡һְĴæȻúúˡһǵһô󷽵Ĺء
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˵СǮϾ¥һ٣ǾȻҲܵӡ
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֮ǰǱ۵飬ǾͱףСɽô벻ףСôõļƲߡ
ףСеĴʱͳһ֮ǰôû뵽һŮҲô
Щ벻ĸ߸ɣȫô磬˵ͰˡСڿһԺʵǣ˭ףСı£
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382¸ǽж

ֵܶһۣΪСǺȸ˵ĺӦ͵˵ǸһĽˡ
С˵Щ֮ܵȻš
ϵŮ˶ͷʶ̣СףҲǸŮˡʲôȥ
СȴЦǵȻףСĸ»ʲô¶ġ
ԼǮͷԣߵ˶һġ
ˣȫ綼мƫƫǸҲףСġ
˵ף覵ãСûʲôˡ
СԼֵȰһ£һŮˣԲҲǽܹҸǽˣҲѹףСһء
˵ϣҲ֪ûϷˡ
ˣûǸˡֵܸĿ˵֮ǰ˵ףСæһʳͣʲôæˣ
ԲΪܴףֵµʲôõĶû뵽һЩţĻ
ҪߣȴС˵¶֮ǰҵйϵҷҶСܣףСץסҶСİѱƻء
ԲĶʱܣ
һʵʲôܣҲ˵
˲á
Բǽ𾢣Сȴƫƫʱɲס˻ͷһҲ϶˵ˡ
ֵܱԲסżʵô˵ˣ
СһЦףСǮ֮ǰ˷˵¶ᣬǼȾƣ
ѾСθڣСȴ˵ˣ˼ϲµģܡ
ֵܶʱ𰡣Ҷһ鳤ֵܣô⣿
С˵һһеĹأǮҪڣҲ㻵˹ء
ѵǰ鶶ȥǲѽ
ǲǣߣܵö۰ɣ˵С˶٣Ǹλÿһۣǽжʲôġ
Բһ㶣ֱС˵Լ
ͷС忴һۣײС峯Լһ¾Ʊ
ԲƤ͵һ֪Լ
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С¾ƱζĿ
Բʵʶң
СһЦ̼ҵСôôƯֲϹôܲʶ
ǰף覲ʱСһ̼ҵ飬̼ҵ⼸ˣӡġ
ղԲ߹ʱѾϳˣԲŹһף覵飬û뵽Ժĸȥһǽ
Сߵ˾ȵĿԲһۣû뵽ȻҲǸݵˡ
ԲС˵Ҹĵط̸̸㷽𣿡
ӦˣǰϣֵھĶ
Сֵܵļ򣬴ӾվԲû˵¥ݼ䡣
СϴһɺŨʾƵζվһԲɵ̧ȱǼĿ
Բüʵղ˵ǸҶСܣʲôܣ
СĹ˹ǣͺСûйϵ˰ɡҲ֪йء
Բ˵ض˶ġף覵Ǯܰ£ҵǮӦҲܸҰ°ɣ
С̧ͷ¶һΪѵı飺ҲԸС㣬ʵǣףСǸʲôʲô֪֮ҵĹǮֶࡣҾôͶС㣬ǶԲ˵ȥɣ
Բһ㶣С忴۵һĨ⡣
Ҽǵ̼ҺףСһֱܲԸҪǰС㣬ǶףСܲ
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С忴һǮ۵׵Ĺⶼ֣˫ȻڶûȥǷǮ
С㣬ҵû˿ѽ
ԲߵǮܰ£ҪʲôǼȻΪǮȣٳһʲô
ֻҪǮûа첻ɵ顣
Сһ㶡
Բ˵ϢֶʱЧʱ䣬ԺٴϢҪۿֻۣҪƤӣܰϢһüǮΪʲô
ף覸һø±סǲɵӡ
ԲǮִӰʣµǮ˳ȫݸС塣
˵ֻҪ㲻˵Ҳ˵û֪ԺȻף覵ֵ¡
Ǹܣ֮ôãˡ
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383ҲԺʱ

СǮߵЦࡣ
̼ҵСԭҲͦϵ
һҶӢйصܶѣѾȫˣĶǾһĲֵ
ȴԲüǮȷǱʲ
СǮͷԲ˵˼仰
ԲԺ󾪲ﲻѣף覾ҪЮҶӢģ
СͷǰɡǴԺףСȥҶӢˣ֮ҶӢҲûֹףСָһʱꡣ˻У벻бʲôˡ
ԲЦһǵȦôЩˣҶӢǰҲһ档
ǸŮǶһСļӣҪ֡
ҲǡǡΪϲҶӢƢԲһֱûʲô
û뵽ҶӢĶﾹȻҰ֣
С忴Ǯ˵¶ҴҶӢߵһСӶģԺ㲻ϢʲôƵӶȥûйϵ
ףС¸ɻô࣬ʱ뿪ǸҸĸ塣ԲǮҲֻǺһԵĽ׶ѡ
ƲɾĶǵƲɾ
СǮת߳¥ݼ䣬ʲô鶼ûзһȥԼĺֵһȾˡ
Բ߻ذᣬ۵׵ɫ˵ĵ⡣
ܣɵúú
ܿ죬ͻף覺úõĳһοͷ
񽿿ԲˣԼߵ֪пˣ㻹ȥôòò
ԲЦЦѵʱôˣһȥȥֵȥԺ¸㡣
Ϊ֪ҶӢܣԲڵĺܣǰˣҲЦıԭȶˡ
ĵڶ죬ʯ뿪˱ǡ
֮ףҲѴ󲿷ֵľŵ˿̩۳ϡ
µʱһֱΰһڿ۳顣
û뵽ΰŻͦй֣ʱ䲻۳ȻľûгʲôӡԱҲѾѵĲˡ
ף覿ΰŽĸĿԱĹӽڹڶˡôܸɵһˣϧӳ֮ǰû
ЩʲôÿƵġΰ˵ҪҪԭϡ
ף̧ͷԭϵ㲻Ѿ𣿡
ΰ˵ѾȷһҹӦ̣ǵҲûȥǵʵؿ֪ԺܹܲӦҪӡĵܾòġ
۳һʽ֮ÿҪӲһ㣬Ǵ
Ҫǵʱ̳⣬ۣӰ˵ӣֻһ⡣Ҫûпʼ֮ǰž
ΰ˵ͬûǩأʲôʱףСпգȥپ
̲С£ȷԼȥһա
ףʵطԶ𣿡
ΰŵͷ˵еԶһ·̣ҪȥҲҪ졣

ף覵ָá
г̶ѾаˣһҪ뿪죬»Ӱ顣
ף˵һʱ鲻ʱ䣬ҹٰšʱһ㣬ʱһȥ
ΰŵͷû⡣
Ϊʱ仹磬ȥ֮ǰףȥһ·ꡣ
֮ǰҵﶨһۣû
֮ǰúõģû뵽ǳŵʱꡣףԼģȻҲûдɡһ¾ͱ·ſڡ
ôô˳
ף覴ֱۣվڵſڵͣѾˣżһгˣҲǼشǰԹ
ף֣нˮĶײģܽĵһе
¶һĨЦ
Ǹʮ߰Ĺɵǰû±Ц
Ǳ˲֪ʱȴҲԿʲô顣
ʱԱߵװűƿ˿ףһ㶣漴ܶǰʶһҲЦ
´߹ȥʵ覣ôһ
ףһ㶣æԼСص󣬺Լɵӱ˷֡
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ף覵ͷе塭
´Ĵӿһۡ
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ף˵֮ǰģպȡбҪҲһֱ߰
´ʵΪʲôߣˣ
ףЩε˵ûɡýҲûн˾ͣ
´ͷЦ٩û뵽ҲôԺʱ򡣶廹ΪôĹִ᷸󡣡
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384һ㶼û

˭뵽һܰ쳧ܾӪʳֵˣȻǴɡСأ
ף覱ôһЦ΢΢죺壬ͱЦˡ˭֪ǵ˵أ
´ͨС̾һղŵӣʱĺ񡣡
ף
̼йص顣
֪ΪʲôףͻȻ֪̼Ψһų˵˵ף顣
ףʵ衭ǰʲôӵģ
´вµˮռ޽̼ҵʱ򣬺ܵʱҲһϲˮЦʱҲղһ졣
´ף覵ԺҲŸֳףʱӡ
´˵û뵽һת۶Ѿôˣǰһˡ
ףʵ㻹ǵʱ𣿡
´߸ֳһĨЦ⡣
֣ף覵ļ
ᡣ
´˵û˻Ҹǵӡ
ףһ㶣ͷ´ԼϵֻʵΪʲôô˵
´ջԼ֣һضº͵ЦЦ
һܺõˡÿһദˣ˭û˵һػһӣֻһˡ
ǺܸߺܸߵĿޣף覴ûĻһҲ̼˵˵
ʱһͣ˵Ľűߣһˮ
ҡףŤͷһ˾Ȼ
ף覣ɫʱһ´񶼶ŭ´㵽ڻн
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ڳ仰߶ʱ¶һЦݡ
´ңΪû̼ҵѪԼһ̼Ѫ˶Ҫȥ
´Ĳ͵磬ᡣֻǸպûдɡˣ䡣
һֿף˵㲻Ǻ̼˹ϵô´ϵѵ㻹´ѹ̼ң
ףһĬÿÿֳܻһֶļ񣬺޲̴ƤӵʧҲ⡣
ף̧ſտ˵ˡ
ǸŮȴһֱšŮҲͬԸٽһ֡
Ƴһۣǳȥ
Ťͷ´˵𣬻ϳ
´תףһۣ覣Ҳûɡǵĳɣǿ˾ȥ
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´һ㶣Щԥؿף覡
ף覿·ߵĳһۣ߹һĨЦ⡣
Ҳ棬̼ҺǾĹϵӦðͲϽǣô컹Ľ
ף˵߰ɣһͣˡ
´ĬƬ̣ЩеĿף˵Լ·Сһ㡣
ף覵˵ͷ´תԽĻ˸ʻλϡӺܿͿף覵ߡ
ưô֧ˢͣڲҡڡ
ôڳϵ˵ף覻жϵ
´򶨵˵ûжϵҲ粻õģҲ̼˵ġ
ۣԺ󶼲Ҫ档
´ʵΪʲô
˵Ѿ̼ҶϾ˹ϵҲϣ̼ҵκˣκ£ٸһ˿һǣ
ĩ붬ʱڣһʵµļ䣬ĻȴЩˮĺ
ϵȷûһףӡ
ǰ濪˾ɵôӺӾ̧ͷһۡ
´¶Цݡ
磬˵ô֡ҲĺӰѵڳúǰɩԽԽ񡭡
죡
һɲէȻֵ
˾µһۣղһŭ𣬵ȷǰŵˣŲɵòɲ
ʲô˰ǰ޲ᣬԼŮҲᡣ
ƢǾˣ
ûмôƢ
žشڳϣﶼ͸һɳµĸˡ
ļͬʱųĬ
´ͷں۵׵ĹҲһһİ
ڣҲκһףףйصĻ
۵ǻžһ˫߬ȭͷף֣Զĵߡ
´硣
´˵Ѿ۾
Ļҩζ˵
˾ҵæ˳ӡ
´״Ҳֻתȥڸʻϡ
ųưô꣬߻ҲһЦ
簡磬Ƣô껹һ㶼ûб䡣
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385µȻҽ

︱гĸ׹ա
ûкͱһһҾ¥ٰ죬Լһ硣
̫̫Ѿʮ䣬ϵƶǺ廹Ӳʣһ¥¥ޱѾˣóԵĶԲ˶١
︱г˲ٱǵһȥμ磬ף覺Ҳ֮С
һȥңû뵽쵽˻ͦࡣ
һ˵ҲʮˡӦǰѱȨƵˣȫһˡ
̼ҵȻҲˣֻף覺һֱûдк
ףӦֳϲѣϯƵƵҵСߵۣܲˬ
ΪǱǵġ¹ףҺ췽һҲΪŸҪֺͷȣʹСӡ
︱гȥƣף覴յ΢Цʣ磬бԽһСѾˣȥʾһ𣿡
ʮִ󵨵ĻͷһۣǸСʱߺͷ
С㺦ߵԼ߹ùõ·ʵùãǸ˭ѽǰôû
СĹù̧ͷһۣȻشǿǽ׸ҵĶӣ˵ļңļҵ׵ж񣬴û̽ҶҪһүء
Сʱ˵ĳԭôҾ˵žͲͨˣܺһ𡭡
ͱˡ
ûС˵꣬ùþʹΡ
СĹùָף˵ŵǸǾδף覣ǵĸõúܣûġ
СЩġͷһμôӢˣû뵽ȻѾ˻ˡ
Сͷ˵ǳúÿôҿҲѽ
СĹùЦɾСˣǸеĿɲֻһʶȨƵˣһҲЩڱǵ١Ǹģ֮ǰʯȥءڱи˶Ҫӡ
ףڱһѾЧڱҲû˸С
С˹ùõĻɵñ졣
ҪףôȲϡ
̧ͷһȻù˵ף覵ĸܺá
ûٿԼһۣԵĸף覰з
˰õзŽףǰһԷŵָֽ⡣
ʾʲôֲϱҪʾңҵǻ߹ȥ
ҲǵһˣǰμһЩᣬҲܻһЩŮͶϡ
οǣףԴ״׳ԵԽԽصˡ
ζպзˡ
ףһĺ壬ָϵз˵ٰһֻ
СץסҪȥз˵зԺ庮ܶԡ
ףָһ˫޹Ĵ۾Ҳԣͳֻ
죬ѾþûԵзˡ
Ϊ庮ƽʱڼҶзһŮȻзԲ˵ȥ˭ţ
ִ˻񶼲С
黹ʱ
岻þǲУ
ҲҪ룡
ף覿ίסһСǽǣĽе
ĿǰһҲӰ죬ʯĳ˵ǰֻзҲԡ
ףæץסԼǰʢзӣֻзҲûˡ
ȫĳ
ƳһۣǷһĨЦ
ҿסղ˵ʵǽϲɵһֻס
һΣ˵Ҫˡ
ʱԶһҶӢվҵӶ˲λá
ӶָָȵľͷҶӢ뿪ˡ
ԲһˣԼһѸҶӢ߳˰ھϯĴ
ϯϵôã͵أ
ҶӢմӲȵȱߵС԰˵ĻͲϲǽһ仰ûзʱĶ
ƭʲôҶӢǻˣ
ҶӢĽŲ͵һͣôȥģ
ǳףû֪
ҶӢŤͷԱߵĻ԰ȥ԰˺ûзĵ٩٩̸顣
һɵܰɣûнأôỳУ
һȴܱģͲܺ˯ˣƽʱһ߰ӣҲ֪Ǹ˭һҰ֡
Ǹ˻ǲţȷˣֻɲ˵
һĵ˵ģ㿴ھϣʲôʱȹһھˡиõзǶûһ𣿡
ǸƺǱ˵ˣ˵ҶҲͷˣҶӢɳ飬Ǹ˶𣿡
һ˲мߣܺͲĵ˹ˣҪʲôе˿ĺܣʵͷﻹǼ
ҶӢ޿̣߳ȥ̧־˦ǰŮһơ
˭˵˵ģ
վԲĺѡ
ҶӢԲѣ̧ҪԲĶ⣬ȴԲץסָƵһߡ
Բ˫ֻؿҶӢʮ˵˭˵˵ˣǱ˵ˣܻɣ
ҶӢɫˢһס
Բ߹һĨЦصҶӢءŮ˹ȻϹˡ
ҶӢһ˫۾ݺݵصԲʵ˵˭ǰ˵˵һ˵ģ
Բ˵Ȼҽ㡣
-

386

㣿ҶӢһ㶣ǲǺ̼Ѿף𣿣
Բ˵ҺͽĹϵܺãѾ̼ңҲʱҽһЩȤšҶС㣬飬˾ȡʵǲһҹ顣
ƳҶӢһۣȻ飬ͱ±˵ⲻԼô
Բ˵Լĺ뿪˻԰
ҪѾˣҶӢһΪףй¶е飬֪ж
ҶӢ˺ӣǰ֮һúýѵףһΣޱȿġ
ԲߺҶӢһ˫ֽ߬ȭͷ
е飬ף覵ȷ֪ߣϢҲܴףй¶ȥӦԼֻҪԼȥ֣Ͳ鴫ȥ
ѾŹˣһǮ
ףôٰй¶ԲףѵôŽзסԼ
ףôֻ֪ܲǹҪԼѿ
ǰŽ飬ۿŽԺҪʢˣף覾Ϳʼ޼ɵ˵
Ǹ޳ܵŮˣȻԼ˵ʲôףˣתף覸Ǹƭӣ
ף覺ϯ˵Żһ̧ͷͿҶӢһ˽
ҶӢʱҲÿף覡
˵ڿн㡣
ҶӢϸüһ壬ѵõʲôû˵ֻǻصԼλԼĶתѸ뿪ҡ
ףһ㶣ҶӢôֳԼ
ҲûʲôĶԲҶӢѽ
ѵΪԼ֪ܣԼЭˣҲģԲôԼ
ˣŮ˻ٹΪã֪ʲôʱʼַء
磬ף覾ֱȥ˿̩۳
ϯһֱţף覵ûʲôƣӻѡ
³֮ǰ˵˸㣬Ҫȥּ⿴ɽ֡ǸطеԶʱѾ賿ˣˡ
̧ף覵СȻֻ뿪С죬۵׻ܿĲᡣ
ף˵Ҵ绰Сˣ㿴ɽ
á
ףִ̧򿪳Ҫ³ȴץס֡
ָ̧Լһߡ
ףŤͷһǰѾʶȤŤͷų⣬Щߵĵͷ
֣ˡΪ㡣
䣬ϺȻĶ
һԼǰһô󵨵Ůˡ
ֻһ㣬ף覾˻µСһ֮ľ롣
ǣеˡ
ˣ
Ȼżæŵ˳
ٵĲͷһЦ
ô
֮ǰף覻ͷһۡȻûߣף覵ĽŲһֶͣ˵
վԭأ˻֣ߵȥ¶һЦݡ
뺮ů̫
һЦݣһ᣺á
ף覲ŻС߽۳ĵĪһֺůĶ
ȻŤͷ˵߰ɡ
ʱԲ뵽ǾȻδ¢һ϶һ¢ѰʱһΣףÿЦ
̫һůСһԺʧˡ
ۿ̫ɽ۳Ա˰ࡣ
ף覸˸绰С
ڰ칫СһС쵽ˣףҲߡ
ߵſʱСȴû
ףеģվ·ڽš
泧˺Ҳպý׼뿪ڽֶ濴ף覣һĨЦ
˺Ҫȥкһ֪ĳӾͼɲף覵Ľűߡ
ףŵһף෴Ӧϵ˾ѾӲק˳ӣﳤȥ
ȻĿŵˣ
覣
˺һ׷ųʮԺܿ췴ӦԼ׷ϣҪʱ䡣
ۻسץסһԱŵ˵̽оף覱ץˣ
ɺ޵˺Ҳûпû׷ϱץߵף覡
Ŀ̩۳ȥԷ˱ţײΰŴǰ·
˺֪ǿ̩۵ĳץס˵ף覸ղ汻ץˣϵʶһ
ΰųһô£
ΰ濴˺ۣǰ˲̼ҵүôǵľ֡
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ΰŵɫʱ˵˵ʲô
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387³

˺ż㲻ҲҪףҪô죬һֱӾͰˣϵ
ΰôһ˵ô˵㡣
ʱСˡѳͣ۳ſڣ˺קΰ˵ɫصӣʵʲôˣ
˺һСųȥСף覱ץˣ㿪һȥ׷
СҲһʲô
˺ŭʲôʲô׷ȻҲˣ
ʱٲ׷ף覶֪Ҫǻ˴ʲôطȥˣ
СӦҲ˳ӣ˺ָŵķ׷˹ȥ
ΰſǵķӦģҲҵ칫ңȥ绰ˡ
ףͻȻȥԺҲһ
ǳŵ֪٣Ժ󣬶Էץסֽţžһӣףŵһɴ̼ζԺ󣬺ܿ˹ȥ
С˺׷֡
ǹҵ·ȥԺ·ʮֽӣ·ϵĳҲǾ··ߵûпɫӣҲֱ治ף覾ĸȥˡ
ؽӵ̩۳ĵ绰ʱ˶ˡ
ȥԺŵĶһ㺹
ȺԾǳȥģ䵽ָҪʲô£
ع˵绰Ժ̽С塣
Сһ칫ң治Ųؾߵǰ˵ףСˣ֪ʲô˰ˡȥϱʶˣҪ뾡һа취ҳףС䡣
Сһ㶣¶ӵǰ𣿡
֪ԷʲôͼǰҪǮ˵¶ԷҪǮ
صһ˫ֺϣţڷﲻͣţ۵׵ļ궼̵ˮһӿˡ
ֻϣԷֻıƣֻҪǲ˺ף覣Ǯû⡣
Сһصӣ֪鲻򵥡
תһ룬һܰŴһףС㣬ǲ˴ˣʱԼǼֵҪһ練ƣ
С˵ϽȥףС㣡
С뿪Ժϸ췼Էһ绰ǵ绰û˽ӡ
صüͷšѵүڼ
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Էûа첻ڱǣȥɽˡ
ع˵绰Ժ̲סһ
ƽʱڣôƫͽµʱ˲ڣ
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ڣүǱ쵱ͰЩˣҲܰҵ覣
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ܼγ֪ԺֱӽľƱˤ˵ϣ̸ĺϻ˶һ
ϰʵүôˣ
״æ߹ȥⲻǣϰ壬үʱеҪҪʵڶԲס
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ܼγϺӣ
ͷǣү
ܼγϱﶼð˺Ѫ˿⿪ڵĿӣҧгݵ˵ʲôӣǰѱǸƷˣҲðף覸ҳ
˵үģȥ죡ǸձߵģزԶĵطӦúܿҵˣ
ܼγα˶˼֡
̵ģͷĶˣǰûãţⱱզôˣ
׻ûеˣ
ǸʲôƨүôƫͽҲˣһ㶼ã
ĳֿһˮͷ˲ʪŮ˵Ĵѡ
ף覱ˮûһ飬ڻתѡ
۾ԼǰŮˮڶﶳһ¡
ҶӢף覵ǰ°͡
ˡ
ף覵üͷһ壬ҪĿ֣ŷԼ˫ֱ⿴һȦԼڵĴ
ˡ
ףһʵҶС㣬ҰҪʲôΪ֮ǰѾɽˣǳ𣿡
ҶӢŴСЦЦȳѵ𣿡
ףһ㶣ң
ûʲôԲҶӢ飬ӦصܣҲûôˣ
ףʵں˵ʲô
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388¶ǽƱ磡

ҶӢվ˵ףС㣬㻹һźǲǾãֻҪ㶥ŵ޹˵ʲô˶㣿ҲǣҲҲǱƭ𣿡
ĵذ屾ͱףֱҶӢһͷˮǾֻڵϲͣط
ԭû˼ȥҶӢ˵Щȴ־ҶӢȷһЩʲôҶӢҲͻȻ鷳
ᣡ
ҶӢͲ̫ԣ
ʱûôأҶӢ뿪ҵʱ򣬾ѾƻҪץˡ
ף̧ͷҶӢĿ⣬ͷ˵ãҪ˵ƭ㣬㵹˵˵ƭʲôˣҪɱңҲԩɣ
ԩһҲԩҶӢ˵ץסҵİѱûҲĸѱ̸ҪҲٶ֡ʲô
ף㶣ʲôˣ
ҶӢ˵ܲܲҪŵ㣬˵Ҫ˸
ҶӢ˵ԭΪǸõˣ˫۾ϣҾˡû뵽㾹ȻתͰҵ˱ˡ˿Σף覵ı£
ҶӢף覣۵׶ʢŭ
ԼĲҸϵûеѡ
ףȴ鵱һЦ
ףʵ̫
ףȴҴûаκ޹صˣǴЩ˵ЩԷﵽҵͷ
ҶӢҪԩҲҪҸõɣû飬Բϡ
ҶӢһۣǣʲô޹صˣ㵱ȻҲʲôǶ˵һ֪飬Ƕһ裬һΣաѾҵ鶶ȥˣܿ챱˾ͻҵһЦˣ
ף覵ãʲôУûбԼ˿
ף覲ùҲԲף
ף覻άֵһУһף覣
ף̧ͷĿһĲ⣺ã
ʲôʱиˣ
ףϸһ룬ʵ˵ѵ̼ҵˣԲ
ҶӢʵˣץ㲻ԩɣ
ףü˵Ҳ֪Բ֮ǰ˵ʲôҴûи˵һ顣֪ʲôҲԲҵ⡣ϸ룬Ѿ̼;ˣôܻ̼ҵο軹ġ
ף覽˵һУͺݺݵذҶӢһ⡣
һ൱ݣף覵ʱԳ˼ϸָӡ
ҶӢ˦˦ԼΪ̫֣ӸµĿף˵ΪһĹ𣿱ڲˣǰʱһڽϺ̼ҵ˵̼ҵĹϵ׶ûϣԼ
̼ҶˣҲܻԲҸԲԼĳ¡
ŭеҶӢûǿԣȥϸĴĦף˵Ļ
Ϊף˵һУȫĽƱ磡
Ϊף覣ŻԼܱй¶ȥףһǮ
ҲʱףҲĿͷˣ
ף覸˵ҶӢ˵˲ң㲻ûϵҲõʲô϶ҪΪңûץסǸҪѿˣǵòʧ
ΪԼĽͻãЩûӵġ
Щ˵ǰȱĽͣЩ˴ȥ
ΪҪĴǽֻͣһйԼǻŭĶѡףٲȻѾΪҶӢйŭĶ
ҵϣ˵ʲôûˡ֮еܵġ
ҶӢ˵һվŵһֱĶף覡
ף覵ıȻɽһɺ⡣
ŮûǿԵġ
ҶӢķŮˣܸɳκһص顣
ף覵ĺ˹Ҫʲô
ҶӢһĿ㲻ϲҵ鵱ЦôҲ㳢˵Цĸо
ף覿ǰİˣͫһŲŲ
㡭
΢΢ں¡
ף¶ӣҶӢĵ׵Ĳڵõ㡣ҪԶ߸ϵף覿־ӡ
ҶӢЦˣ͸ˡҶ㿴ܼγϲ㣬Ҳϲ㡣֪ϲˣ֪㱻ͬ˯Ժ󣬻ô룿
ҶӢףʵǻϲŶľүǺ㶩˻ģһİɣ
ף覵ɫһס
ҶӢҪ
˫ϵĲҵ£
-

389¸

ҶӢҪٵĲֻ׺࣬Щ˶İͻ롣
Ҫף覺һʹĵ
Ӱף覷Ҳûɿ֣ĦһĿĺۡ
ǱסһС㣬ٶԵͽ͡
ҶӢӰóһǮһԵϣǿ׳˵Ů˾͸ˣ㲻һλϺӣҲҪ𣿡
ɫеĿף覣۵¶ӵĹ⡣
Ǯ˯Ůˣֺ£һҲֻһΰɣ
ٿǰŮˣǸƷأ
ģһŮ˺һ
ҶӢףһۣת뿪䰹ķֿ⡣ֿűֻʣף覺ǿ׳
ף覿ǰˣˡ
ף˵֪˭ǮҶӢܸǵģҿԸ˫ݣֻҪǷߣҿԸҪһУ
뿴۵׸ֳŪζ
ߣͷñֵܶץס
Ҫ˯Ů˶붼ÿɳܣԼҶ˵飬οǴĵı
ҪԱȻҪӸá
ǲҪǮǮҶСѾˣھҪζ
ף覵һ
һ߽һѡ
ϸۻƤ˷ܲѣ۰
ľƷǺĴҹ㡣
ǾһӶ˯һأܺŮ˿һΣǽҲֵˣ
ף覱üƤһ̧ȥߣ
û뵽ף覵ӾȻôңߵԺ۵׵ɫȻѹȥһЩŭȴȼ
߻ףǰ˦һ⣬ף覵졣
һĭסף覵ͷ˵ģͦãܵ𣿸Ͱ㣡֪ʲôˣ
˵žȥף覵·˵־ֻһ˺ϵһѡ
ףҪǴǻܴף覿ôңͱ˴ֱˡ
Ƥ¶ڿУĺ˲俪ʼϮ塣
ף覼һ˫ƴ裬ҪԼ˵ľ롣
˵ֻһֻ֣סҲܷá
˻ͷֵʵ
ҲǸ޳ܵĻˣɫе˵ɣҲϲִģŪڡҳԵڶڡ
ðҾϲоġ
˺ܿ˹ʶȥϵƤף覵ɫŵòҰײҰס
ˣſ
ԡ
Բף
һ˲䣬ף覵ԺȻһƵĳĶƺǷңԶģʹĺš
벻Լʲôʱ顣
ȻͷӰͻȻԺ
Ҳ̣Լ
ף覺Ȼ壬׼˵ֱۣһҧȥ

˴һ۵æ֡
ͷһԼѾҧһӡףҪҧһ⣬һ˿涼ѾѪ
ף観æӵץ˵ϵһϵֻʣصľ˵Դ
˵Դصһӣͷ͹˵ϡ
ף覿ֿĴţ̧žܡ
Ǿֿţͷ΢һ˲䣬һ׷
ݣӣ
ϵľһӾ䵽ף覵Ժ
ϵľ֪жף覰һӣȻͳǰֱֱȥ
һĭޣǼҪӲģ
ǿˣٶȶҪʤף覣ףҪܴǰɹߣǲ֡
ͷһԼ˵ֵʵû°ɣ
ǸҲ˹һĺ˵û£Ϲ
ˣȥץסף覵ͷһߵĿһͽף˻Ȼһڲֿĵݶϡ
ղŰףһӵ˹ȥ
¶һаЦֽ̧ף覵Ҳ
ϸĲһѣƤϴϸָУǽһĻŭš
Ůˣˮģ
˯ŮˣףļƷǵһΡ
ĵٴνԼ¡
ԵŮ˰⻬ļ¶˳
-

390ȥĶˣ

Ҫףֵʱ򣬲ֿͻȻһ߿
ֿһ㶣һͷ⿴
ǰףһӵ³ӣҪʹǺµ˽һ£ڿվŵļʮʱȴ˻ȥ
ܼγվڲֿ棬һʵĵ
ֿű߿ʱȻԿ͸εĽԽˣѲף覵ʱ۾ʱһĻ
Ҳүģ
ȻҲ´ˣϵĹӳ˵ͷչȥˡ
ܼγЩֵǣҲһϡ
үˣвүĵ
˸ɲȺ˵Ķ֣һͱͷѪڵһϢˡ
ף覿ƦûжˣЩȻô

ϵûһжˣæסܼγ˵үүˣ
Ҫû⣬ҪŪүҲӲˡ
ܼγڼָۣûأĻ˸ӡκιȦסͣذƣûʰ
ܼγϺ֣ӽ֣Ӵǣ
үȿףСɣ
ܼγһ侲һ㡣
ͷ˻Եףһۣ޺޵ضԼף˹ȥ
Ѿ·ĲˣܼγһȥԼѣ
ףͶȥĿ⣬ܼγע⵽ˣܼγ϶ʱʲô˼һ׹㿴𣬸תȥ
ջԼߣٿ
ܼγף覵գŵף覣ѣѣ
ףûа㷴Ӧ
ܼγЩˣҪһסԴͶһȶҺ塣
ܼγһ㶣һȻֵѪ
ͷһղɹλϣҲһƬѪ
ܼγϵĺһ͡
ϵѪһ˲䣬ĴԼô˼
ݣ
ûʱ룬ŻԵף覾ܡ
ףҪӳˣһ쵰ԲУ
״̸ϲܼγϡ
ͣ棬ܹȥܼγϴ򿪳Ժ󣬾Ҫȥûϼʻܼγϰף覷ŵԺ󣬾Ͱ
ܼγϷ˵㿪̫
ֿ˿һۣʵүô죿
ôʰүܵø̬
ܼγ϶ݺݵ˵˾͹Ժʰǣ
ףȥҽԺûЩ
ܼγ˵꣬Ӿͼ˳ȥ
ĵˡ
˴˲үۣû³ˡ
ܼγϰһ·͵ҽԺҹҽѾ˰ֻ࣬ʣ¼ﲿмˡ
ܼγϱף覾ܣò׼ʿץסʵҽĶ
ʿһﱧŵɫҰףܼγϸһֵѪȥҽˡ
ѾǼܽ飬ҽϹԺֱӽףͽҡ
ĵƣܼγϳϣԼ֡Լϻմף覵Ѫʱ־Ȼʼ
ף֮ǰһֱôǧǧ¶
һСʱҵĵϨˡ
һܵϢԺ͸˹
سҿһۣʵôˣ
ܼγϵͷ˵Ժͽȥˣ֪ء
ӿǰܣҲ
㶣û뵽Ҳʱ
ߵܼγǰһүлˡζ㣬ף覲ô챻һ
֮ǰϲܼγϣܼγϾף覣ǳһ㣬ֵԼĵǰ̬ȣһ㡣
ܼγ̧ͷ˵п˵ûõƨ㵹Ͻ뵽˭ףôȥǵҪס
ضʱɴ۾ף
ܼγüʲô˻ףҪƲ
ҪǸҿף覣ɲǲҽԺһһȥһѵ
˵ûУֻǵ
׶Ů˵жҪĵ׶
Ҫף汻˻ףǶ˻ñ۹⿴ʱ򣬾ͬ飬Ҳһֶ˺
˶٣ʵôˣ
ܼγü˵Ҽʱϵˣףụ̂Դ֪ĵʲôײˣ˺ܶѪ
˵ܼγϺȻվŭʵ㣬أô飬ȥĶˣʬҲøŪɣ
δ򵱳ʧܵİ
-

391±ֳ

ܼγûţƽʱףǰһĵƯǹؼʱ򣬳¶ôҲģ
˵쿪ʼһֱϵϣߵ˵ͽɽȥĵطеԶһʱϻƻҲðҹˡ
ףϷ飬˭Ҳ벻ֻǸպ뿪ѣҪҲֲͷȥ
ֻڣȷǻż
ܼγȻǸƦȽ϶ġ¶Ҳûһš
زͣʱ򣬲ܼγʵ¶˵ûУ
ǺףһӽģʲôӦ֪
һ㶣鷢̫ͻȻˣûףҡ
ܼγ˵Ǿȱ˵ˡ
ʵΪʲôףҵ˸ܹף観ˣӦõһʱ˵Ŷԡ
ܼγϾӾǲ̫С
˵˵ڻг֪Ժ󣬳˸żһϻܸʲôҪиʹģŵιȥһ鷳ڶټڻ
ǸƦСôʣӣֱ̫ˡֻᰴձ˵Ҫ£Ȩ̬
뵽ףүһͣüͷҲ
ҪͻȻף覱ˣңףүӵȷпܱιȥףһҲ뿴
ܼγ˵ȵȿɣֻҪף覵̫أ֪ͨһʱһҪѡܶµ˵
Ҫءز˵ˡ
ףҺòôһŮҪʲôһ˭Ҳ֪ף֮ʲô¡
ܼγ˵ҪȥأҾԼȥӣҲףҵ˸ӵһ档
ңף覲Ҫ¡
һСʱԺҵĵϨˡ
ʿף˳ȥʵҽôˣ
ҽժ¿˵ͷϷ룬ѾûˡԺԺͷסҲʲô̡һʱ䣬ֻҪúͻָġİɡ
ܼγϵ亹ֻ龪һ
ܼγʵҪûѣ
ҽ˵ղŴ죬ɡҪһ㣬Ҳܻˡ
ʿףȥ˲˹ȥܼγվûʵү㲻һ𣿡
ףѾΣգܼγϸղűѹֵŭȼ˸ӻûʰ
еҪ
ܼγϳһߣϵѪûϴɾȭͷĿ졣
ؿɭɭӣһΰͱĵͷϵһ
ǰܼγϸǿĶûûβҪģҪˣڱҲֶεġ
үؽס
ܼγϽŲһ٣ȴûлͷֻһĮıӰ
˵ֳ
ܼγҵף覣һҲҵЩˡܼγڵӣһ֪ҪȥʰЩˡ
һ仰Ҫܼγһ
ף覱۸ҲܼγôŪУһԲ
ܼγϲͷ۽ǵƳһۣ£Լ⡣
˵꣬ʹ뿪ˡ
ؿһۣתף覵Ĳȥ
ף覱عĲֿڱܼγϵΧģ֮ǰѾǴ˵ˣڽˮϴ£˹
˱ڰҡҡλΡ
ǻҲ֪˶ˣ΢ֻҪһ£۵ĲС
ܼγϿصֿ⣬˽
һóµλӣү
ܼγ£̧ͷŵڰеˣǵĵӲС˭Ұ˭ףʲô
Ѿ֪Լ˶ô˲ˣĵǴˣҲֻǮ¡үͷǰɣҲˣ
ܼγ۾ɭɭʵǻԼи١Ļ᣿ǾҲܼγŷѽ
һһӶǵĽѵ
㲻ŪǣҲеǰ취ĥһˣΪļϵˡ
ǳһ㣬ǾͲܰȻ뿪
ܼγʵͷϵˣ˭Ūã
˶һۣһڲܼγϵѹ£̰ԼĺֵܳˣùӴģûϵ
ָϵǸŵүֻǣֻʧ֣
ܼγ϶Թ˹ָͷ
ү
ף覵Ǹܼγ˵ţֱߵվ
-

392²ֵ

ѸٰǸ˷ܼγֱֱ˹ȥ
үү
ܼγһӺݺݵ˵ֱϡ
ֿˣһͷѵ
⻹ûܼ꣬γһţ˷һ棬еһֺֿݵس˵һ첲ȥ
ֿٴ˵ʹĺš
ΧûһˣƾеٴҲг
˵ֱ۶ܼγϴˣǲܼγĵ׵ĻȴһҲûа
˵ź͸ϵֵ˵˲ܶ붼Ҫ롣ǵֱӰˣҪһ㣬ǲǾҪΪΪˣ
Ƿǵϻ˶֪ܶף覣ȴҶ֡
Ѿֻף観µˣǲûĻ
Ҫȥôܣ
ȺСﳤˣͷ϶
ܼγŤͷԹ˵ˣȫϳȥˣǣٿǡ
˵ǡ١Ļᡣ
ŵɫҰףǻôˣ
үүǴˣ
үһΰɣ
󣬲ܼγϵϺܿ¶˲ͷɫ
һУԼ˵Ǵȥﰭۡ
˱ϳֿԺ󣬽ĺţҪ˵һˣҲһӵ顣
ֻǰף覣Ҳôҵ³
˺ף覵·ҪһܼγϾԲ̡
ܼγϵһ̣ʵ˭Ҫף覣ʳûУ
˵ʳˡǡҶҵС㡣
ܼγˤ˫ֲʵǸŮǲвǰôһ⻹ģΪӲҶǲǣ
˵ˣҶӢף֮ǰͺͽ
ҶӢе飬ף覰ܡ
ΪҶӢӦòȥף覵鷳
ҶӢôͻȻˣ
ף覣ҶӢȻҪ˻ٵףҶӢǸӰɣ
һĬҲû뵽εֺҶӢйء
ܼγ˵ҶӢҪģУӾ档
ܼγְѹеǰ˵˼仰
һ㶣ɵүҪô
ЩܼҺҶһֱϵ
ϵҲ˫Ӯ඼˲Ǯ
ϢҪǷųȥˣԺܼҺҶңǳˣүҪҶҳ׶Ͼϵѽ
үҪ֪飬ֻѲүһٽѵ
ܼγϵĻĺܣҶӢѾݶˣһ˼ҶҵӸʲôΪʲô鶼ӹأҪǲƣҪΪڱ޷ˣ
ü˵үҪٿһ°ɡ
ܼγʵʲô
ŵ˵ףСϾֻѹϵΪѲܼҵŪûˡѾΪĹˣ飬ٶ࣬ҲףСͶĻ
ȻףС㻹
飬ҪΪףС㱧ƽͷûⶼףС˸顣ǾүЩԲ˵һ֡
ǲүô
үŽѵ͹ˣʣµֻҪһȥòŲү
˵ĺǲүΪףСͷҪ˵㣬ǲүһԸ
ףСͲүɲˣүֺαضףСôͷΡ
ҪףСͲүܳɣǲүĸҲǴˮƯ
ǰڵףС;үôãܲүʲôͷͽ͡
ֵ
ֵ̫ˡ
ܼγĬĬתŹʵҪΪңʶҶӢǳЩ£ҾԸΪЩôŰɣ
һӾһôϲģڱ۸ˣΪģȻҪһЩ
һ㶼ңҪƽϣ̸ʲôϲϲ
ϲף覣һƵģͲںһĵʧΪֻԼܸһж޲ĶĲźãϲԼ
οףҲΪŻҶӢʶ˵׻ҪֵԼͷϡ
ôһССĲѵΪף
ˣ͸геεĵʶǡ
ͷ˵ôţԸ飬ҵȻҪȥ졣
ܼγһӣȥ
ҹ㣬һͣҽԺſڡ
³ԺϳţʹҴסԺȥ
˵üͷüﶼһꡣֻҪ뵽ԺϢͲɵĻš
-

393˺

ף覵Ĳſڣֱƿ˽ȥ
ҹʢȻѡ
վüͷԼһ㡣
ˡ
˲ϡ
ףͷϱһɴ˫Ŀա
ĺһͣ˹ȥ
ѹ˵ڽСȥʱ˰ˣԷֱ˳ҿ˺⿴ˣĸ˴ң֮òүæô챻һ
ʵͷϵˣ˵𣿡
˵ûˣͷϷ룬ҽ˵Ҫúһʱ䡣
򴽣ȲҪףҡõˣһףҵ˵
һ㶣ү˵ľȻͲүһ
֪ˡ˵
ʵˣѾץ𣿡
صͷүѾȥˡ
һаղѡ
û߾ͺˣΪʲôƫǽ£
һεȷҪǶ˲ܼγϡ
ǲܼγڰæ֪֮覻ʲô顣
һۣ۵ƣ̬˵Ȼȥɣš
ʵŴӺԶĵطϢһ𣿡ȻȥϢһɣţҡ
ףһۣá
һ˫۾ֱֱؿף覣ٲȻѾ⣬˭Ȱ
Ϊ뿪˱ǣŻ顣
ڻţȥˣ˯ţ
ֻ
ߡ
ĬĬȻ֪ԺԼͱһĴڣǲ뿪
Ҳףѡ
״߹ȥ˵ػƣȻȥɡףС£϶ȥҲܲ۳ЩÿȰţܲ۵¡ȻףСֵָʰһ̯ӣܺԼڰףСæˡ
еף覵Ƭ̡
Ȼ̾һת߳ӡ
뿪ԺŶ˵ܼγǵһҵ覵ˣһ֪˭ڱµ֣ȥԷ˭
ʵ֮أ
̧Ὣͷޱ˵ϵҲãҲãѶԷӱĨĨ
Ĩ˼ڱǴûгֹһһǽ¡
ǽ壬ڱ˵ĵ״ڹ
Ĩڵĺۼζ˲ᱻκ˼ǵãǵˣҲҲҶԱ˿̸ڡ
ʱ˻ŻˣҲûˡ
ˣЩ˺֮˵ˣ
Էͷ⣬ܶԷ˭븶ӦеĴۡ
ףǡ
Ҳ˳˲
ĿĿ˿˿ĵӡ
ڻ˯бֵĲüͷʼ΢ŵġ
Ҳһε飬̫ľšס֣˵
ʱоԼһȻѣ̧ͷף覣Ϊѹˡ
ףȴû۾߽ţ֪˵ʲôﷺĺˮʪ֡
ĶͷҲڲͣð亹һֻֽ߬űƺڱе
ں¡
ף覣еǰδеĺ¡
¶¶
Ҫ˯нѣȴֻ˸ξ
һ͸ȫ𣬻ǸóΡ
ʢĵʱڡ
ȣϴĲĴŨŨĻ㡣
ף˼ĸ¥ִӸ¥С̽ȥժ֦Ҷ쵽ǰĻ档
һģСһۣһ󴮵Ļ䣬ȻһϾƯĻꡣ
Сʱ򵥵Ŀ֡
ףڴߣ¶Сһ㣬ˤˡ
ף覲Ϊ⣬Ժף˵Ųˤأ㿴һˤȥ֮ǰץסҵġ
ף˵תȥ
ʮ꣬üĿѾʮֿʡ
ԸȴЩϳɣף覵ͷ̵ʵף˵Ķԣ㻹ҪСһ㡣
ף覰һ磬㲻˵ң
ЦЦã˵˵

󱻷ֽСèһ
ףظ¥ϵֻè˳ë
Сèܹˣһϻɴ
ף̧ͷʵ᲻ˣ
϶˵İɣֻҪǺúչһġ
ףֶЦ磬֮ǰ˵Ҫԣ
-

394ʲôܣ

˵ˣϵЦա
ϲ
ʮͷԼ
ף̧ͷ˵ҵѣҵȻҲϲ
ŤͷŴĻ΢΢˺죺ϲһ㣬ϲһ㣿
ף覲Ϊʲô⣬ǻش磡裬ȫϲ磡
ˣ¶һЦݡ
ǲ㣬ֹ֪ж𣬵㳤ˣˣ˵Ͳϲˡ
ףһ˫峺Ĵ۾ʧ˵ŲᣡԺˣҶϲ硣
ϲ仰˵ľһ
Ҳϲ𣿡ףʵ
˼֮󣬵˵ͷ
ʱ˺Ȼ¥´һ˵
ף㶣žԺףӦ˭ѽ˭ң
˾ȻǴӺԺģΪ˱ܿˡ
ССףſڴ̨¿κ˱ʼտ˵
˵ӰϤ
ǰ̼ҵ˸һμүүĵײ֪ж࿪ġ
ףͷˣϵ΢ı˱䣬˰벽ʵʲô̼ҵ˲ǶѾ𣿡
˿ĽŲһ٣Щн˵᲻㣬صƭǣٻ㡣
һףȻʱ˻𣬶ǰѵ˵Ļ˻Һ֮䣬Զܣ
ף˵ͽݣҪϷţںǰа˭֪˾Ȼ˽һѹסţףбܿĻᡣ
ΪʲôҲԣ˴ʵ
˵ͻȻףڸ¥ϱһЩµĿ
ڣҪһ磬ͱס͡
꣡
ʱСӻǲҪĺá
Ϣף覼״Ҳԣ˵ˡ
¥µףסˣͷһʹƿţ߽
ףǰη壬
ף˵ǣϡҼȻ޸;Բһ㲻ҪˣҪǱ֪˭Ҳ뱣ס
˳ɩ㶼ѾŮˣʲôס⣬Ǿһô
ˣ˵Ļ𣿡
ףۣǼСĺãһǰϡ
޽̼Ժ˾Ǹ׽ﰵôѵⶼûá
мñײˣžͽѵظ
ʲôû
û뵽֮һκ˾ƣ˾ȻҪв֮£һֽſˣֵǰ
ֻ̼֮˵ףظ˵һŮ˾Ȼֵ塣ף֮ġ
ûãףͷŮˣȥӣź˻顣
ƫƫʱַͷҪͣףΪһЩе鱻ԩǣ˽ȥѱ
ףʱҪǻȥףңҲֻˣϻôһط
ôʮ꣬Ȼ˵㣬һֱĺƽ
һ̼ҵʵҲҪ̼ҵѪȥһǸԲŮͰ̼˸ؾˡ
ͬŮôһã
̼֮ûϻˣû뵽˾Ȼֻˣ
ףʵôյشӺԺǽң˿˲ǸҪ˵лѵû֮𣿡
ף˵ʲôЩЩ棬ڸ¥ĵſӸ¥ķ϶¥ơ
¥Ǵɨģ࣬ſȥҲûʲô
ǵСһطףصʰףġ
״Ҳſ
Сһſڸ¥컨ϣĵؿ¥·顣
Ǳףļ仰ŭȻץסļʵңʲô֮ģʲôܣϲ㣬Ҫ׽㣬Ƕôң
ſſң
ףҪ֣ʧˡ
ף覿һĻ΢΢üͷ
ʵƾʲôС󣬼õĶƾʲôҾֻСҲ̼ҵĶӣΪʲôȢŮӣȴܣ
ףʧصŵˣʹϵȫƿǰˡ
㲻̼ҵһӣΪʲôҪ
˱ƵһײĹӣְһţˤ˵ϡ
Ҳʱף覿¥µ˵
´ġ塣
-

395֪Ұ

´͵̧ͷǰף˫Ŀĳ˷ŭĻ𻨡
ף֪ԼĹˣЩµʵ㣬û°ɣҲǹġ
´ĵǸЦһӵ
ϵ·̧ͷף˵˶Ϊӡ
ףͷû˵
´߽һ˶˵ǼӣʲôúҲǣ
´Ȼ̧˲٣˵ˣҲ·ӣҲĶӣͱŮģΪҽӻ̼ҪһͷŶԱ˵ӣ
˭ĺúҲ룡
ӵûкƽƽʸֻ¸ĺ棬İţ˳Ľ硣
أ
û˻ǵû˼ǵ̼ҵĸ
Ϊ̼ٶ࣬Ҳһᱻ˼ס
Щ̼⣬֪̼ҵԺܻһ㣬ֻ֪һԺ󣬾㲻泰ЦҲ֮Աǡ
Ϊһӡʲôõ
˵ˣһͬɫûС
ֱף֣Щһ
ףռ޽̼ҵһ죬ΪԼԺ⣬ҪȴǰѧӦһˡ
û뵽ףôĺá
ֻ֪һӣҲûƲ
ĽԼС壬ߵÿһ˶ôҲԱҷƢ
Լ񣬺ͿʱûʲôͬûаһЦϲġ
ҲΪϲŮˣŸӾ÷߿
ǰô̵ĵԺһʼͣ´Ժ졣
ǸŮˣҪ
ʲôαֵ壬ʲôٳϲףҪõ
ƾʲôܵõһͬһͲԣ
˰Ľ´ϲЩ걻ѹŵĲʣŭͼʡ
Щ̫ӵںһ´ףִ˷ĵĺˮһʰ
ʼأʼ˽׽
ףڸܵһԺȴʼԶ
ٺף۵Ŀ뿴
ףҲƲ
ף´Ļվ˺һ
ȵǹ׶ӣ
ԭҲǶһһĺˣ̼ҾȻĳ£
´ŭ˵Ϊʲôǣ軳Ժֲеث֡ΪҪȫԼӣҲŻӵô꣡
ףܿȵĿ˵ں˵ЩʲôãҲѾ̼ҵˡ
˵ĺܼҲ֪Ҫ̼ƲϵҪǰƲϵ
´ߵ˵㻹̼ҵûôɾҲ㣬Ͳ飬Ҹ㣡ֻģֻİ㡣ϲ㰡
´۾һһ䣬˵š
ףһ߽һ𣬺Һãǻܿ֡
˵䣬´ȻѾץסףһֻ֡
ʾףûоúߣһ
뵽¥ϵŮֻûţæԼ̧֣´һơ
´һףָſڵķޱ߳ܵ˵ˣҹȥ
´ûߣףı˻ͷŻŮ˵´ܵǰδе㡣ҲſǰŮˡ
´˵ҹ֪Ұ㣬ҰˡЩ㲻̼ң֪жͱŮ˽˻飬ֻңֻʮһյĵѽ
һؽף֣ԼĺϲԼ
ǵľٶͺȴֻףĶġ
֣ҷſ
ףҪ˵Ļ롣
ȴֻԼһƬģһ˵šһĻͬʱףһԵĴ
¥ϵף覼Լ豻۸ʱɴ۾
Ҫڽ裬һֱֻ۾Ȧס壬ȥһůĻͬʱһֻ˹Ѹס͡
סף覵죬г
ѾҪȸոʮһףҪ£֪˺Ů֮飬ҲҪףʲô
ǵһ״Ҳ޴룬֪Լʱ򵽵׸øʲô
-

396»

˲ף覿Щÿĳ棬ΨһķӦǲ˷ǵĴڡܿĳˣǸӡ
˭Ҳ֪ӻʲôɥĲ¡
һ̣ϣˡ
Ǽ㺦£ҲȻף覶ߵ˵£ڡ
ô졭
̼ҵҪף飬ô졭
ʱ¸¥´ô
´ǻͣУǻĿ߸
Ŀ־ԥУף´ϵĴϡ
´ѹϣȥ·
ףţһ˫Ѿ´ѹͷϣֻȥͣ
´ѾۣͷףϺͲţףηֻҪõ
ˣ˰
Լǰˣףʼȣϣôһ·ܹܹ´̣
ʢũæʱڣ󲿷˶ֵأûʲôڼ
ķӵطƫӦģĲֻʣ¿ŨŻĻ㡣
˰
ףţţýš
ˣҲ´Լ¡
ƾɵĴ¾ҡ̶֨ѽŮ˿ʹĺȲ֪˶Զʼûһ˳֡
Ǹ
ѹϣȥ·ӵ´һ٣Ъ˹ĺлع
Уܻᱻ˷ֵģ
У
´ʼ͵͵ܻģԲܱ˷֡Ҫסף죬ȴû뵽ݺݵҧһڡ
ףҹ
´Ǽۣ˵˱У
Ϊ˶סף죬ƼһԷŵͷץףͷȥ
ףĸߺͷ±ѹʹĺҪӣȴ´ѹġ
¥ϵףףȣֻҪȥ裬κҲģҲв
ֻĻţףһޡ
Ҫ裬Ϊʲô
ȥߣ
´һ˫ʹ˺ݾƾףôҲûͷһʵĿ
һףСˣֱڴϳײˣ´ϵͷû뿪
Ӻ󣬼ףûκζ´ʶԼʲô¡
ͻȻͷֵؿڴһףָ֣쵽ףı档
ûˣ
ˣ
ף۾ŵģû񣬺ģһҪ˵ĺڶ
´৵İ׳һűݹֽӴϵ
ʱף覵ֱ߷ŵһӣѵһ䵽˸¥ĵذϡ
һס˻Ůٷһ˿졣
ͷף覶߲˵¶һܳɱ㡭
ͼͣҪף
ף覾ǽÿһֶ˶ҲҶˡ
Ѿˡ
´Ѿ˲ԡ
ͷص´̧ͷϿͿ˸¥϶һĹӰ
ѵ¥ϻˣ
ԣиŮղô飿
´͵ñ˿ԼɱˣҲˡ
ˡܻţ
´Ѹվܿ˿ץһջľͷͨ¥¥ȥ
һ
ÿһľͷ¥Ϸи¥ϵľս

´ϵļ¥ݵʱһֻȳȵèͻȻ¥ڹ´Ľűߣһȳһյشſ˳ȥ
´Ȼһ龪һ
ȴèʧſڣŻţ˿ô죿
´¥ݣŹȻͷǰףʬ壬˶ݵ˼
֪˶ã¥ִһO@졣
סף覵죬ͷβûףٳ˵һ֡
ȵʢģȴоԼһ亹ɴشʪ·
Ȼӵһα˴򿪣һִĽŲ
ף̽ͷӴ⿴ֻƼ´ֻıӰ
һ紵ͽ˴
ʲôϿһУǸССĸ¥һɱ
һĲͻȻˣ֮¥Ǳ˴˵ĺʲôҲˡ
˾سĬһӡ
ⱲӾһӡ
ֱɿס͵ֱ֣ף覻عӸ¥¥ܣǲ֪´׶ףʲô
һףϡ
ıɱɱ
ףô嶼ûֹͣҡΡ
˫ش۾ŵģնضף覣նǰ
ַʽŮһۡ
ʮһŮ촽˶衭
ף観ף߹ȥһȴ˻
¶ҪȥĲ˵裬ˡ
Σյֺһ˲ף覵񾭣Ȼعβʼµˡ
һĴһĻɫĻŨ޵ͽƾɵС
ⳡΪŮС
űǼŨķҷף覵θͻȻһܵ£Ż
ƫƫΪ̫£ʱȻҲ²ʲô
Ż̧ͷͶף˫ն۾˵۾ŵףֵˡ
ⲻǣⲻ衭
Ȼżһԣһͷĵ˵ϡ
¶
-

397¹

һ亹ϴʪף覣ʵجȻѡ
˫ۿն컨壬ò¾۽
ǼŴ̱ǵˮζζĻһŻ
ף覻ŤͷŴ⣬⣬á
㿴ͷȥһһʡ
һ˲ףͻȻףΪ˭ֹͣ
´
ǸˡȻ´
̼ΨһãżˣȴǺԪס
Ǻǣ壬׽
´Լʱʲô飿
Լһů԰壬ɱһ
ףţϵˮ
̧һֻһƬʪ
͵͵ڲף覱ŷ۵ԴתսǷһֻ˵èһ
һһҲûкۣպ˯ʮӵĿȻѡ
Ȼ˭Ҫˣһޣʱ˭Ҫš
̴ϵ򴲱ߣֱۣŵʵ¶ôˣ߸磬ôˣ
ףȻһ
Ŀʱֹס忪ʼ
һ㶡
¶
ף̻˦ƣԼǽ
ڿһ޵ĵˡ

֤һУȴҳֹǷ
֪˭װ֪飬´ң⡣
ôһֱƭԼ֪Ϊʹ࣬Ҳࡣ
Ӣۣų
ʱûо裬Ҳָ֤´УҲûС
ΪԼĿ־壬һôꡣˣȴûԩ
ʲôû
ֻǣˡ
ΪǵˣͽһжˣȻ޳ܵĸԼˣɱģ
ôͰʲô
ڿôˣһֱƭ
磬䣡
е˸ôá
ƭӡ
Ⱳƭӡ
֮˵ıѣʲôҪʹ

³ôһ֡
ۣ֪Ҫô
ֻͻȻãˣǲðģֻ
һ㶣ΪΪܵ˴̼һʹοǸ粻ãǸ֮ǰûб㣬ˡûˣ㲻ˡ
սһ㣬Ҫȥߢδɵۣȴû뵽ף覻ΪĿͻȻķ
͵ƿԴ۾ԸȥЪ˹ļе
˵һ֣Լ
δ
ھȲԾķԼԺˣֻܽرסʵ¶¶ôˣڣ
ڡ
Ҫסף覵ĺƬҲܴӸղŵξ롣
ĵȴµ֡Ҫ
Ҫ
ҲҪ
ףһŶҪĻ룬һԼţߣҹȥ
𿿽
ûǵģļҲɿ֡
¶ôˣң
ûаҪתļһ˲ΪΪͷ˵ԭ򣬼еҽ
ܼγϽһͰ˲һٴ
Ϊף覴򱧲ƽҹùѲܼҲҶҽΪҶӢ˵˳ȥһ磬ǵ˾Ͷ֪ˡ
鵽ԵԴѣҶҺ֪ܿ¶ǲܼγϸɵġ
Ҷһ绰ʹ˲ȴ֪ҶӢǸֻԺ󣬷Ҷ֮Աǡ
⵱Ȼ˵ʱ򣬲ܼҵķӦ
ǹ˵绰Ժ󣬲ͰѲܼγϸйȥùӺݺݵһ٣⻹ڿѵһϣ˵ҪѲܼҵļҵܹ⡣
ܼγһ仰Ҳôò
һֱȵ磬һ䲻βܼγϲű˴Ӳܼҷų
һ뿪ܼңҽԺǻء
ܼγϲ˲ǣԼΪŮһ߯˧
û뵽˻ûſڣҽܼγһֱӳ˲Ϳף覣ҶףȴǷһ
ͣضף˵¶侲һ㣡
ܼγ϶һףϹŵƿ붼ѾѪˣ
-

398̼

ܼγҲǵһμףôģæܹȥף覵ץסҶŤͷʵιôˣ
ɫ˵֪һѹˣ
Ҳ֪ô£˭һش
Բܼγ˵ȥҽ
ܼγϿף覵򵥣תҪߡ
ȴʱףͻȻץס˲ܼγϵֱۡ
ܼγһֹס˽Ų
ףһ˫ˮ۾Բܼγ˵ߣߣ
ܼγϲĿһףԼǰ˵Ҫߡ
ǲ
ףôˣ
ֻΪ˴̼ߴٵȥҽ
ףȴͬʱеߣߣ
ʱҲˣףģһҲʵô£
ܼγĬĬץסĸ첲Աһף覺ܿʹĻ˳һ߲ȥ
߹ȥҲӦ
ʵڸʲô
ܼγ˵Ϊŷģʱ뿪ǲǻһ㡣
˵꿴ףһۣȻĻԺ󣬳Ȼڿ⣬һʼʱˡ
һ㶣Ϊףֻڱܵʱʲô̼Żһʱȴû뵽ΪԼ
Ϊʲô
ΪʲôͻȻôųԼ
ô벻ס
ڲĺף覣е¶
ף覵һһĸˡ
һ㶣ʶҪ߽ǲܼγȴһǰסߺǰ·
ܼγ˵үͷϸշ룬̼ˡ
仰ȻһЧĬĬ΢΢ս
̧ͷ˵úչ侲һ㣬ٸ
صͷá
ת߳˲ȥҽˡ
ߺ󣬲ܼγϻͷףһۣˮͷѻĺܡ
үһľŮ˿ˡ
֪ôĶ壡
ܼγ߹ȥʵף覣ôˣӻѰɣ
ǰʶף覣ǲʲôʱܶ˳侲Ůˣɲôһ޿ֻҽлŮˡ
ף˫ֱϥǣﾲĲֻ۵ı˺ʹ࣬ȴôҲԺӡ
ܼγϵһϣŮһޣۡ
ܼγЩŵʵ㻹ǵ˭𣿡
ף̧˿۽ϻմδɵˮ
ܼγϵͻȻһ󲻰Ҫؿȥˣף覸òԺ˭˰ɣ
ʱףſ죬Ƶ˵ܼγϣû衣
ֻһҲٿһҲѡ
ܼγϴһû˾ͺã
ôһ룬ܼγϾ;øԾˡ
ףûз裬ôǸ̬ȣҪߡ
Ҳʵ覣㵽ôˣǲ㱻ߵһϣ˵ʲô
ף覴ڴϣûлش
ܼγһһۣôʻ
ףķ˵ʲôף覱ֱףǲǵٴδ̼ô˵
ػصɹȥվ˵ۣбѽ㿴زش㣿
ܼγϲʾŤͷף覡
ף覣
һؿ뿴³ʲô
ܼγϣˮ𣿡
أ
˰ͱôһ仰ôأܼγϸһⶼû׳ȥ˼˵ͷ߾ǲҪ
ףĬĬزˡ
ҽٽǰף覼ԼʱּģĽŲһͣҽ˵ǽȥɣһٸҼ
ҽЩɻؿһۣƿ˽ȥ
˫֧Ŷͷ³һ
ô¡
¶ûж¶غ飬ΪʲôͻȻһһ
ûбȷΣף覾Ϊ
һ©ʲôҪ飡
ҽף覼һԺ󣬶˵İɣ˿ûгʲô⣬ֻҪúϢȻָͺˡ
׷˼ڼҪע⣬ҽȫشԺ뿪
һҽˣͬ˵ڶΣ֮ŷҽ뿪
ؿ˿ףʵõ벻Եʲô
ףҡҡͷ
ʵӸղһֱ棬ҪҪһ棿
֣ףʱץϵıӡ
ܼγϼ״üͷʱ
̬תҲ̫ˣ֮¡
-

399Ҳ

Ҳף˵
ĬĬҲ㲻ˣһȥ˵˵ҲȥϢһ£Ϣɡ
ظѹѹǣתߣ˲ܼγϡ
ܼγƲƲ죬ߣ뵽ף覸ѣҪúõֻøźһ뿪
ظߵſڣȻף˵أҽо˾˹ɡ
һͷ㵵ؿףʲô
ף覵Ը˽ģԼ飬Բ鷳ˡ鷳Ϊ׼
ףҺͽףҵ˹ȫͬĸ
ףңζ黹ףԼԴǽףҵ˹ҿɽˣʲôôأ
ף覰ͷ˱Ҫ
سĬ˺һ˵ãһȥ绰
һ߳ͼڱϵ
ܼγĵ׺ܲĿһ£Ҳбһܴʱ
뷨ĺܲѺãǲܼγĵ׾ˬ졣
ʵõ𣿡
شҿӣһʼʱöˡ
һҪȴ⡣
򴽣ЩΪѵĶ˵Ȼǲ֪Ϊʲôڻǲ㡣үٵȵȰɡ
ܼγЦЦĿһۣ˼ףҾ˾˵飬ؾȻû˵
⼸Ȼ˵㣬Ǹ׵Ҳ
˵ף覺ѾףҾͺһˡ
ȻһˣʲôҲǸûϣͨһ£غ񲢲ô롣
ףҪԼľ˾Ҫǣ֪飬ʱ϶Ҫȥˡز˵ֲ֪飬ʱ򳤱ˣ²õӡ
ΪףͻȻų⣬Ųף覵Ĵ
ĺ˹ڲſվһûнȥ
ؿ˿ŨĺȦү㲻Ҳһ覲㣬㲻ȻȥϢһɡʲôʱˣٸ㡣
ͷĬƬ̣
仰˼ǣףһʱ仺һ
ʱ򲻹ף覼Ҫף覡
ףôȥôҪף覵һĻ
£Ūʲôźð⿪ǸĽᡣ
ʵղŵǻѾԼزµ˵ʲôֻԼĲ룬ŻҪȥ֤
ãʲôҪ
ˡˣôأ
˵꣬ת뿪ҽԺ
㶣ŤͷߵĲܼγϡ
ܼγ϶ʱ̯֣һ鷳ģ˵㿴ҸʲôҪ׵ϱ˭סǺףһӽˣ㶼ûҾ͸ˡ
ʵܼγҲסܼγϾҪصʲô˼ҲҪŪף覺֮䵽ײʲô¡
ʼղ˵棬ǾûŪ»˵ĺá
һĬҸоһ󿲡
ܼγЦһõ˵
ƳһۣͲúͲܼγ˵ЩԶôһ̬ȡ
ܼγ̧ߣʵȥĶ
ܼγϱأֻ˻ӣ찤һٴ򣬼Ҵҵף覣ϵ˿ڶûأȥϴ迴ˡ
һ㶣үȻҲᰤ
˭Ĵ
׽͸ҡҡͷȥף覴ˮˡ
ѣһûԶһˡ
ףԺ˾͸һƵģ˵ֻǿޡҲˣֻûľͷһڲϣһ綼ûж
רķҲûгԣظż
֪ף覵ôˣʹǰһһ²͸ף覵˼
ڴϵף覣˵ղѾ˵绰ףңףյϢԺϾȥƱˣ٣Ҳõˡ
ף覵İͷڱ͵͵ءšһ
ؿŰڴЩȺˣȰ緹ѾûˣܸóԵ㡣Ȼףˣ㲵ӣһۡ
úһԷοףڻˣҪӪúóԷʱĵ
ףԾڱûж
ﰲ˰Ρ
˵㡣
ŵİСԴ̧
ף覻ͷһۣǺֶܿ˻ȥ
Ҳ
֮ǰһĴ𰸡
˵²һ˵㣬ҿӺܼᶨôҪһġ
ףʵʲôˣʲôˣô˵㣿
˵£ɴ˵ףôҲǸ¡
ףһĬ
֪ԼȰף覣ҲûȰֻ˵һˣҾͳȥǺúġ
-

400ҵų

˵䣬űƿˡ
ػͷһۣһɾĺڳվߣֱֱڴϵףϡ
صͷĬһվ˵İɣȳȥסԺѡ
شţֻ˾شڲ
ף˹ȥƹߵףǰ£ؿ
ףֻǿһۣѸٽͷȥ
һ㶣ĳף覿Լ񣬲һˡ
ͷ𣿡Ƭ̺ʵ
ףûлشڸ֪Ҫô
ϲôˣͻȻһһ޳ܵų֪ԼڸôǶԵġ
һ۰ڴͷķˣһ춼ûԶˣ˵ȳԷɣԱˣҪʲôҶش㡣
£Ϊʲôҡף覽ͷڱӵ£ʵ
һ㶼ˡ
ף覺Ȼƿӣʵ㣬Ϊʲôң
۾Сӣһ
ʵ飬˶٣
ȫ˵һ췢飬ȫˡ´ǿδ캦裬ûиκˣôԩЩȫˡ
ͫȻһھ޴ľȴĳһ˲һ
Щȫ
ͷĬ˰Σ¶ʲôΪá
ף覿ܵ۾ʵĲ׾˵ΪҺΪҺãͲЩ飬Ӧ˵ʵ飬´֮ԷܹϢ
ȥô꣬ЩȥҲٷʲô֤֤´ˣζţҲûԩĻˡ
ףʵ֪жమ裬ôһɱң⣬ôĲף
ǰΪӢµģΰģΪʲôʱԼɺĿɽ
ڣֻųͱɡ
ӱܺѡ
̧ͷ˵¶Ϊҿκ顣
֪ף覲Լκλˣ仰ȻҪף覡
ף˵ֻ֪㵱ңףԭ򵽵ʲô
˵ʱûѡףѾˣܶණ˽˵ûģ㻹ҪúõĻš鷢ԺˤһӣʧˡʱһЩ飬˵õġ
ף覺ƾʲô˵ĲΪҺã
˭ʱͻȻ֪Լɱʱʹ࣬򶼲֪ҲǺ
ֻҪ㲻ΪЩ¶ʹ࣬ұһ㣬ҲԸ⡣
ףЩĪ÷̣ҲΪ
ҡҡͷ˵㲻ΪңЩΪԼŰҵ壬ΪԼѡ
üͷһ
ף覷̵鷢ʱ򣬾ֻܺͶܣȴûȥ衣ˡ֮ҲһվΪ֤߱ôġ
вżԵʹࡣ
ĺ˹ʶô꣬ҵģ
ףʵȻϣ㣿Ϊ´ɱˣµĺܣԼ֤ԺԼҲӲᱻ´Żѡ˱֯һƯĻƭң
ûаԼӢۣʵ֤ͲһӢۡ
İ𣿡
˫߬һȭͷ
ⲻİİԶʤ
ԣ˵
ҲõĽ͡
ЩѾʹ࣬ʣµЩôȫ
õĶҪܣѾеһ֣ʣµЩȫˡ
ѾЩµȫֻ࣬ҪЩ覾Ͳȥ귢飬Ͳܺá
ף̵һֱĽᣬԼԼܹõйǶ覶δزһֽѡ
˵ҵųҶסûܾף̣Ҳܺڡ
ףĿһۣҲôȻһҲо
˵Щʱһֱ뷨ԼıǰǿҾͿԱˡÿ춼ڸԼûܾף̣ԺҪ㡣
˵УףĻȴҲҸֻѹ
ѹԼεˣȻһֱƭ
-

401¾ޱ˧

ףʵ˸ղ˵ЩѾûʲôҪٽ͵𣿡
ʵף覵ĵìܵģܸһ˵ɣҲԭʵҲΣиѡ
Ĭˡ
ûС
ãֻ³֡
ף覵ͷ۾ƣ˵߰ɡһҲٿ㡣
һ㶣ڶѾҵֵز𣿡
ף覷ʵһпǰһϲ𣿾˵ϲѵͻ𣿡
֮ô飬׹ȥġ
˶һ㡣
ȻûбҪڳڶԷǰöԷˡ
ĺ죬վ˵ʲôʱҶϣܹĺáУԲ𡣡
ף̧ͷһۣ۵׽ʪ󣺡߰ɡ
ߣϣԲҪٳǰ
ʱǷݷ񣬺һİ˼Ѿȸտʼ侲ࡣ
û޵ףΪ֪ЩȷеİҲûǰȥˡֿΪԵ顣
ת߳˲ٹǰͷף˵úóԷ
ડ
Źˡ
ĴһƬĵģϦŴӲʧ
ףһ˫ڲϣͷϥ
᲻ã᲻Լϲôûȥϲˡ
ֻҪһ뵽Լ赱ôģ֮´Ȼңô꣬ľһһۡ
ңһҲ뵱ʲô˲ϰ壬صǰ軹ڵϻ壬ô˵
ʮӺ󣬲ܼγ˽
ףڴһ˫۾ڳԷܼγ㶡
յף覸ǰ˿ȷϵףû
ܼγ૵˵㲻Էҵĺþá
ⲻŷԵͦڵѽⲻͦõ
ף˫ĿֻеؽЩҨ£Ȼʳ֪ζȥ
Է֪ԼҪԡ
ȻܼγϾͿһ߳ԣһĨᣬȻԡ
ܼγϵıЩŤԷôŪøһ
һֳ°ͣʵǲˣ
ף覵ҨӶһ£ƴķȥԺּԲˡ
ܼγֺʵ˵ʲôˣ
ף˵ûϵ
˵ʲô˽ܵĶ֪
ܼγЦЦʵôûϵҺò׾Ȼġڱ֮ǰҪһݶ飬ҾȻ鲻ãҲ֪𣿡
ף覷ӿ˲ܼγһۣȵң
ܼҺòԼޱߵͷü˵Ժطһ绰˺֣ҾµһȥˡκӢ۾ļʱűסڣ
ף観ĬһҪԲܼγϵлܼγծһ˵ҪôѽҪҪôĶ飬±ǲҲҪˣ
ףһ㶣ĿڵлҾͲл˰ɡ
ܼγϲôܲл˼ܲͣڻɺҺò𣿡
һϣף覾һγĬ
ܼγʵֻûмʱҲΪôҼǵǰôС˰
ף覵ͷ˵㲻
ܼγϺܲҪĴյǰϸϸϵı˵˵Ҷ
ͻȻյôļҪף覾Щ˿֮ľ롣
ܼܿγ̽Ŀ˵ܼγϣЩҲ˵ҡ
㣬£ֻҪúõģҲ֮顣
ףΪԼܼγ˵˻ȥĿϣ˵ҪһֱĲʹ죬˵ͻȥĲˡ
ף㶣Ĳ
ܼγ˵㲻ĵ˳˭Ҫǲģҵһ
仰ɲ˵ģģ
ף覿ŲܼγЦЦΪң𣿡
ܼγϵƵͷϲŵһȦȦϣɫһ˵š
˭ҪŪף˻ǲˣʲô鶼ó
Ҷҵ˸Ҷף覣͸ҲһеظԷ㡣
ףע⵽ǵˣʵôˣĶŪ˵ģ
ܼγĴָ˲ǣе΢΢ۣĵȴ쳣㣬ҰֿҲġͺˡ
üף˵ڿǲǾޱߵ˧
ף覣ûС
˧һֱϵԺıҸС
-

402̫ܵ

ܼγ˵ִѪԵ˧㾹Ȼ᲻һ˫۾ǰ׳ôƯˣ
ףˣһЦ˳ܼγϵ˵û۹⣬۾úÿ
ܼγϼЦˣĵ׶˲١
Цĵܱһʼʱһ㡣
ܼγû˵Ķǰһ£ˣүЦˡԺԼҲҪЦЦãҲõĿ졣
飬ף˵˵˵
ʲôʲôȥܣΪϲһֱǸԼ뷨ף覡
һؾͻˣܼγϼչˣŤŤ˵ŸѣҾͲϢˣ㡣ʲôʱҪˣ͸ңһ
ܼγ˵뿪ҽԺ
ҽԺţܼγϳˣ߹ȥʵүôôͳˣ
ΪүˣҪҽԺףһء
ܼγ˵ףھûǺľ񡣶ңһмҪ졣
ؿڲүĵףԭҪףС¶ϡˡ
ǵŲܼγطԺ󣬹ˡ
ܼγϿطߵ·ʱŵ࣬š
һ˷ţɻĿʲô
ûʲôݷðݷá
ͬ⣬ʹ߲ȥ߽
Ϊף覵ĵײʹ죬ܼγô֣ңʱͺ
ˤϷţ߽ʵҵʲô£
ܼγɳֱԲȻף覵顣
ɫ˳һ˵֮飬òġ
ȷıʾ˲Ըܼγϻʵף覵ôˣ
ϧһЩС¡
ܼγüʵСףܿ޳һ߿һ߳Է
㶣ԷˣȻԹԵĵͷ˵Էͺá
ʲôƨ߿ޱ߳ԵķǶίޣȻ˵Էͺáʲôë
ܼγյﶼʲôأ
ںףǰƵһ㣬˶˵ʱ򣬲ܼγϿûôᡣ
ƳһۣЩ˵̫ܵˣǺ̫𣿡
ܼγ˵̫Уҿףô޿ӡôôЦһôͻȻڳ
Щ㲻ףͲҪʡ
òҲ֪ܼγһȥף̽ʹˣǵòҪĴ𰸣Żתѯʡ
ϵظգܼγҲûģɴվ˵ҽ㣬㲻ܺúöף覣ѹͷͱֱǽǡ
̧ͷˣ
ܼγһҲ飬Ϊٵ˵ҿһֱףءֻҪлᣬҾһˡ
֮ǰܴ󷽷ĸףȥԼҳԷԼľӷȣһĴͨ͸ȣҪǽǣȻҲҪ˵Ĵͨ͸
ǡЦһ
ЦԵĴ̵ַζ
ܼγʵЦʲô
ͷɳƣ˵ף覾ǺֱŤԺֵҲܻϲ㡣
Բܼγǽǣ˲
ܼγϵ˼άܿͱƫżʵΪʲô
˫˵˽ϲʲôϲʲô
Բϲܼγˡһ
ܼγһ㶼˵Ļ˽⣬ôģ㲻Ӧóױ𣿡
˵пƲס顣
ܼγϷ˸ۣɱ̫⣬ף覶ϲҲ֪ʲôʱףϲϱˣҿ㵽ʱô졣
˵ܼγ̻ع񣬲԰⻰˵˵ţôͱ˰˺ֵܣΪ룿
һһƺѾɳ˯ˣûдܼγϡ
ܼγ֪û˯ţֻǲԼ˵
ʵҲף覺֮£ϣףΪⲻĽᣬһȥ
ͷϿǷ룬ѹȥҪʲôʱźá
ǰ϶ῼǵЩ飬ϲף覣ȻҲȴǰܵ
һֱ̬ȣҲûֵĵط
ܼγվУŰɣף覵ļˣ͸û˵Ļˡ
ʱ۾ףҪ
ף覻Լ˵߼ˣû뵽ף覻ˡ
ңΪʲôܼγ֪֪
⻹ǵһΡ
ʵҼʲôʱ飿
ܼγ֪еˣЦأ
ڼӣ㡣
-

403Ǳ˺

ߵʱףѾʱҽԺ
ףףΨһĽ㣬Сչ
ףףΨһѪŮ飬ףʲôġӵش֧֧ĵ绰ף͵һʱϵˡ
ףʹˣŵˣԻûף
ſڣףƿ˽ȥף覻˯ţͷϻһȦɴ
ףɫһͷƣ۵ײǡ
³˭̵ף覣ѹ˵úõĺӣôͻȻôصˣ
ףӷŵ˵֮ǰû˵̫Ъǵʰɡ
Ʒף£۵˵㶼һûˣɡȥˮһ˺ȡ
ףǰسŸջؼҡף˸յңֽӵصĵ绰۰Ͱ͵ĸ˹
Ҳ֪һۡ
ůߣٻʱףѾ˯ˡ
ʱ򲡷ٴαƿƻͷһԭء
ظһͿףҵ˶ˣһʱЩסû뵽ô졣
Ķףؿ˿ϵף覣Ҫͣף˵㲻˵ˣһһ覵ġ
صͷվһˮˡ
ףһۣ˵Ȼȥɣ
һ㶣⡭
ףʵǶԼˣ㻹ʲôĵģȥϢɡ
ûˮףһԺ뿪ˡ
ߺƿףʵؼҺǼʶˣжϲֲǲ֪ôǶġ
ף˳֪ϲҲȷǸӣûչ˺覡
һ仰ͽصĻˡ
ضף覵˼缸ǰͿˣףһֱز䡣οףѾˣ֮͸ûпˡ
ֻǵͨ岮ףһõĴҪչɱĹϵףԲӦ
վڲ⣬һ仰ɿŰ֡
ΪʲôܼγһȥȡΪ֪ףҶǼжףҵ˲顣
ףϲһԣף覲ϲһҲȥ
ף˯˵ѣʱѾ緹
ף۾
Ƹհóףˣ̴չȥʵ廹Ѳܣ
ף΢΢һ㶣裬ôҲˣ
ף覵ľ裬ףѾʮˣ޵ĸܺãһһŮ
ȥ꿪ʼƵĸزֻܻȥչˣҲһ̡ףѾҪһûмˡ
˵ǰϼҸĸԺҾͻؽˡָպ飬ͺ˾һ㡣
ף覿ףԲ԰׵촽˶ƺҪ˵ʲôȴֲ֪˵
˾ˡ
ףվߵߣ緹ֽ˳ڵףǰ˵ȳԶףҴûжŶӽĹء
µĳһ緹˶ԺףŶף˵ڶԼڣʲô˵˵ɡܷʲô£˾Զվߡ
ף覵־סţõ˵ǣڼףԺȴȫ֪ô˵ˡ
˾˶ã֪ġ
ֻϷĵ飬Ҫô˵þ˾ﲻôأ
衭
һ㶣û뵽ף覻⡣
ƿɫʹ࣬ߵ£סļԼӵο
ҲǿųģȻģЩҲһֱԼİչˡ
ôڻף覺ȻԼڱףһů
ۿ۾һգһžӨϡ
ף˵裬ɱġǱ˺ġ
ףеͫȻ
ףͣʲô
һ˴ʱ඼ȥˣȴĳһͻȻɱ鱳ԭףЩҲûлɹ
ǻɵٶ࣬û֤Ҳ֤ʲô
ףǰǸǴҶʺףйص飬֮С
ȴǣǱ˺ģ
ģҲŹǸˣ
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404̼Ⱥ˵

æתףʵúӣ޶˵˵ʲôɵ
ףҴɱ鲻˶֪ôֱ˱˺أѵ⺢ӵͷˣҲűͿ
ף覱ͷʹ˵˵Ĳɵ滰ǰͷܹˣһЩ顣ڣЩˮȫˡһ죬ҲڳĵȷȷǱ˺ġ
ףĺһ͡
һʮˣϢɻۿȻҲĺ˹һ˫ֶ߬ȭͷ
㾹Ȼ
ô꣬㶼ԩ
ףԼ͵͵ĳҲ۵ĺܡף覵ĺ󱳣Ĩһ۾˵úӣǲޡʲô飬˾˺;趼أ˵
ף覶϶ذԼ鶼ף˵˸סȹ½꣬Ϊ޵̫۾׳ӡ
ףԺ󣬾һȭϣϵıӶ

ŪĶ̫·鷿ĻʿŽ˿ҽԺСһ㡣
Իʿ˵Բע⣡
ʿεҡҡͷ˲š
ףĵ׶̼Ҵŭûô̼Ⱥˣȫˣҽ㲻ã´̼Ǳ̼Ⱥ˵ģ
ˣؿھҵţ޲ðǰӶˡ
Ʊף覣˵侲һ㣬Ҳ飬㿴覣覻Ҫأ
ףףһۣͷϲŵıףһۡ
ǿѹĵ׵ĻԼ侲һ㡣
ʣôˣףѹ
ưף覰Ѷߵ鷢ȥϧ˵ͻȻЩ£ĵһܻˡ㲻£Ƕأǲ̼ҵ˺㡣
ףȭͷĿ죺´ˣǲմѪң⣡
ף観ҭʵڸô죬Ѿȥô꣬ҪΪԩֻعѾûʲôˡ
ףĬƬ̣Ȼʵأ֪飬Ϊʲôһʱ䱨
ʱѡ񱨾˵ͽˣҲĲô꣬´ôң⡣
ף覺۾ʹҡͷ˵Ҳ֪ҵȫͣҲֻ˵һУΪҺá˾ˣҸô죿˵ҵ׸ô죿
ʹ飬˵ף֪࣬Լô
ôôϲһˣڣȴһ㶼ϲˡ
ǶѾ˻飬Ҫô˵ԼһԼĸô껹ֵһ

ǾôԶϲô꣬Ͳ֪ʲôʱ𣬰һ֡
ҪôͺҪԼϸһһѡ
֪˵ײĴҪ׷ҲȫֵȥѡƭЩ£ڶɵ˺Ҳǲĥġ
ף覸о˱ѡ
ִͷβĳıѡ
Ĳ֪ôˡ
Ⱳѡ񣬶ûһʹ
лԶһϵˣǿϣд֡
Ƕ֪Ǻعںãǳ뿪˺ȻɣԶ޷ֲ
ףͷʹޣףǵһܡ
ף覴ӸǻصףԺ󣬾ͶµĿ¡
ûǰ޹
޵ôģжܣ
Щ飬ղû˸ʹ
ף˵ĵʵܵĺܣͲҪˣһ̸ġ´ףҲԲŹʲô취ͷǶװ
ưף覲ϵˮʵ覣ҪʱȺǻؽɡߵ飬ʱһš
ϾңڽʲôһڱҪĺá
ףȴҡͷ˵Ҳȥû´ܵӦеĳͷ֮ǰҾرǣ
ǰΪ֪Լĵ˭Żäһȥ̽һ̼ҡ
֪´Ǻף֣Բټң⡣һҪ´ܵͷֻȥԼĸס
˵ȥͲȥûϵҲչ㡣
Ʒף£ȺúϢʲôҲҪ룬˾ˣһġǶڱ㡣
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405볤Է

ףԺ󣬲һ˯ˡ
ף˯Ժ󣬲Ŷʹ˸ƻ⣬һ߳˲
ߵ벡ԶһĵطԺףĵ׵Ļͳѹסˡ
ĶӣһξȻҲһ໰̼˺üʮ䣬´ĸݡ
ʵ֪򵥣Ǹô죬ôֻܰع
ȻǴӦף覻飬˵ףȴʮѡѾ߰ǰˣõֻʣһѹͷˣѵҪѴʬǸڳ
õѰǴ
ףӶ˳ݺݵ˵´ɱ˷İ취ѵһң𣿡
ĬĬֳأΪôѹָ֮ô죿
˵ףյĲУ֮ǰôչˣұΪҲǸеˣڿҲǸ¶ףҾԲԭ覺ǻؽֱӰ׸ˣ
ܰף覼޸һˣ
ü˵ǲð졣
ףҺҶףѾΪδϱʽڽǰ¶ˡڽ˶֪ҪףΪڻ飬֮飬Ҳ١
ףҵǲ£ˣֻҪн͵ЩʲôҪôҵү˵أ
ףѾôˣ˵ĻǰѾˡ
ף֪ԼŮϵĲ£һӱȥҪһǿɾˡ
ף˵ðҲðˣҪԺٳʲô飬ҲǰһţǲҪһӣ
˵֪ͷϣ˵乫Ҳ飬ףҲȫ鷢ʱҲŶ󣿡
ףһ˵Ҳû˺ɫѾǸˣ
˵ɱ˰ûأ飬ܲµġ覼ǲסˣǼǵ˵֮þöû˯þѵͲ𣿡
ɱˣԼҪð亹
ʱûܳȥʹ⣬Ϊʱĵĺ¡
ң飬ҲûʲôԲף覵顣覵ĺãô˵Ҳġ
ܲΪһͰ˿ˡ
ףĵֻ֪˵Ǹų򣡡
˵֮ǰһ˵ں۳µʱȹ覣ҲѾǰųˣˡԣҲûеﲻˡĵز
Ҫǣĳ覻Ų
ڵȷǲ̫ԸӴΪĵ׹ȥԼǵԺôɾ˵׼ˡ
֮ôĸ飬˵Ͼܶϸɾġ
ʱףҵĻ¾ôٵ֮䣬ɾĻᶼûˡ
ףն˵覵ľ裬ҲΪ룬ûһԺҸ㲻Ϊ˵ʲôˣͳ£ҾͲܰ覽
Ƽ̬ôɵΪ̾һ
ʱ۽ǵȻƳȵľͷվһˣŤͷһʱ
ףŤͷһվ˾Ȼ
һӣɫ͸üĸšһССĴ֣Ҳ֪ղǷĻ˶١
ףʣʲô
ͷĬһ̧ߵǰ˵覽õûУû뵽λ
ףһԺǼòչˣҲˡ
ףҪ޵˼ıһ򣬺ѵĹ˹
覽綼Ѿ˵ˡ
ⰵ˰˵쵽ˣ磬λԶٷɡ
㶣ףȴֱӾܾòšҲҾ˾ˣҺ֮û׵Ĺϵ
ٱ˦ɫɶף覵׾˾ˣ˵ʲô
Ĭ˰Σٴǫ˵λ͸ף̵飬һһȫ͸
ᵽףףϲֶݡ
ףͷӦ
ͽһĲ
˰һӣȴûһ˶ӳԡ
ԷҪ£̸ףҪ
ףʵ㵱ΪʲôŴ򣿡
-

406ˣֹһ

Լһ׾ƣʮȵľƣȻüͷҲһںˡ
±˵˾ˣЩΪ˱
ƨʲôڰ֣
ףڵĺ˳һ㡣
ף˵ˤӣЩ鲻ǵˣŻ´ң⡣ܼǵЩ°ɣÿ쿴覣˵ףʱ򣬲Լ𣿡
ΪһثֲŻ£
ͷĬš
ΣһֱŵףĲףŻһֱ취ף覺ãĲ
ףӣһϣ㲻Ҫ˵
ףıʣȭͷ߬
Ƽ֮սţæסҪȥһٵף˵ⲻǼСעһӰ졣
ף˦Ƶ֣˵˵ưˣ㵱ʱСҳ֮Ϊʲô
˫ۣƵĴΪ˾覾ҪһӱӺ˵
ףһӡˣ
Ƶˢһףʵ覣
˭
ĺ˹۾Ҳʪ妵ġ
ԭκһ𣬿˽ף˵ףһٸκκһĻᡣ
ף㵵ĿУͷ˵ˣֹһ
ף˲ȥ
ϣʵ˭
˵һӡ
´ɱ˲ֹһˡ
ףɫʱɷףһ˭Ϊʲôû˵飿
֮ǰΪʲôûиЩƿףʵ
ѵӺһ˵飿
ץϵıӣ͹һˮ±ʱֶڲͣض
˵ΪĲȫԼµǲ֣ˡ
ףʵʲôǵġȫ˵û˵뿪
ùϵƿ׾ƣԼıﵹ
һ룬ƺ־òˣɴѱԱһƣƿڶ͹һֱǺķΣķһһܣŸоԼĵЩ
˵һǵĲֻèһɵĺӡ
ʱ´Ѿһ¥ݣۿҪϵ¥ˣֻèͻȻʹ˳ȥ¥һԾ£֮ܳ˷ӡ
Сèߺ󲻾ãһСһ·˽ȸԾҪԼץιèԺһۿȴǱڴĿף
ŤͷһͷŹӴ¥´
Ǹӣɡף観⣬Ψһѡ
ɱǰĳ˵һŵ㣬תܡ
´Ҳݵı˷Ժľֺܿ챻ѹ£̴¥Ͽ嵽ȥץɡ
ɱˣһĿָ֤֤Сףһ
ӣԽԽ첻¡
תܵʱƫƫϵһ¾ˤ˵ϡ
ɱ϶ðһ亹ͷѸٱƽ´һֽۣŲõĴӵ
˽ߵţͬһ룬ȴ´ץ
´һͰɳ˻ȥȻһˤɵͷһ¾Ϳĵ˵ϣ˶ʱˤͷԻ裬춼
ѣп´ǰţһɾֵĸоĽŵһ·ڵǡ
ڵϼѵķ˸е
ʢũæ˶µˣڴûˣûĺ
ĺֻ̼һˣǾǰ´
´ɴӵͷԱߵˮѾɥĲˡ
ˮǺƴڿĴĴţҪˮ̧ͷһʵĿ
ʮȵùһ׳ˣƴҲֻ´ֶ˶һͽɵͷˮĸ
˹˵ˮݴӸ׵ð´ıĶ
ɵĶСˣĵ˫ִˮױߴȥͷҲˮҲˡ
´ˡ
ҲΪɵĳ֣´˸¥ϵ
֮´ܿ촦һֳǰףǿɵʬ壬ߡ
-

407´ѡ

ףҲһУӸ¥Ĵ˱ߵɵʬ塣
ʱѾµĲˣ¥Ժǿףʬ壬ף覸˲СĴ̼
һͷĵ˵ϣ֮˻ԡ
˶֪ףϵɱˣÿ˶ڲ²ףɱԭȴûɡ
ɵĸؾҵף覼Ҫɵ䡣
ʱף覻ţҲˣֱӸѾ´ˡ
ҲˣΪȥĵطˣֿףǻԣû裬Ҳûжʣ뿪ˡ
֮һ춼ûɵϢʵżһš
ʱף覸պ˹ȴ顣
йصһУȫˡ
ļˡ
زЩֻһζطһףɵ䡣Ϊɳ֮ǰ߹أ˵Ҫף档
Ƕ뿪ԺͲˣسף覣û˿ҡ
ףʲôǵãΪף˲ٴ̼ٱôһţûþˡ
Ҳ֪´װɵʬȥˣֱˮ̵ɵʬ塣
˶ΪǺ̰ȥˮ⣬Сˡ
˭뵽ף覵ļȱٱ´ʬȥˮ⡣
ûˣûþͷˡܻʱʱܵף覵ļȥˣֻҪһף覣Ҫץסף覲ͣĶȥˡ
ûȥǵߵſڣ뵽ǸףԼӣ뵽ףһε˵ʲô֪ӣԥˡ
֮ԻΪף覵롣
ûǸ룬ɾͲţῴǲÿһĻҲᱻ´
ʲôǲõף覱˸֪ΪųܲžȲ裬ΪŻẦɣף覻ô룿
ʣһӣ
ΪףɵһѹҲһӶĻ߳ˡ
˸ǻָӺһ޹ĺӡ
ЩԺˣԼ
ףǴˤˤӡ
ˣף覻ؼʱͿףʬ塣
˭뵽ףǱ˺أ˶Ϊɱ˶Ϊˮû˽ϵһ𣬸û˻ָף覺ɡ
ʵࡣ˶˽ģ˽ģϣףһԺܹúõĻš
ԺֻǵԼˣȴüǵǸµɱֳļûɣҲͲΪԼӺɵΡ
Ҫôң
֪ôȥɺףܲƽȴʱ뵽Ψһף覵İ취ҪףƽһӶԴ˱տڲ̸
컯Ūˣһףջ˹ףһ֡
֪ûɵһ֣ٻҵġ
ֻҪκеĻţԸǸһĻˡ
Ϊʲô
̧ͷףʹ˵˾ˣබû˻ԭҲԭԼʱƾһ˵֤ʺָأδץס´ûٻˣܵúúûš
Сֻѣһһɡ
ʱ˵һ֪࣬ԼΨɣףֹܼ֮۵ػȥ
ķǴģĵȷȷΪףӪһûôʹͯꡣ
ϣܹĿ֡
˻ԸһɡһΣǵɡƣ˴ǰĳ࣬ʳȴΪԼ֪ȫ࣬˺
ףɽ˫Ŀ͸һ⡣
֪Щ֮ǰŭضԴΪף覵һкãġ
˾ìܡ
˵ȴֲȫǻΪá
˵𣿿ƭ㣬㱻ѻƭôꡣ
ףֻ˵ǰˡ
һҪѣҪһӲ𴩵Ĵ㡣ΪһԱƣ֮ĺÿһ˶ȥе
̧ͷʵ˾ˣ㣬㵱ʱôѡ˵ôѡ
ʱûôϧףһ㣬ʱǵҪ´֮Էһ㣬ᱨ
ûУΪ̫ĵ۰ףˣ۰˴ѡ
-

408̼̽

ʵǣ飬ѵĴһӶ𣿡
ǲ˵ף覵ȻǺЩġҲûжӰ죬ǶͲһˡ
ֻҪ覲֪ȫ࣬ͻһֱȥˡ
֪˵̧ͷ˵ֻǼף̵ѾôѹˣҪɵ飬Ҳܱ֤ܳܵĸ𣿡
Ѿһ˳ô꣬νҲôȥףҲЩ
ףأ
ѵİ㶼Լ
˵ǺҲãҲգҪôңֻҪʹĥҾԸеЩ
һѡףҪá
ףһĬ
ף覵Ƿ⣬Ѿˡ
ֲȴͬ
ףʵ㲻˵ܱ֤һӶ𣿡
һ㶡
ף˵ǰ飬ҲǱŲ̬ȥ˴ڵĽҲˡЩѱԺ󲻻ʣµ顣
а취׽ŪˣһЩԽǺ±˷֣ԽҪЩ鱩¶ڱǰ
Ҫף観еһУһУͲܳеġ
ľֻԼ覶ʹ˶
ף˵һϣף࣬ҲһԸĹҸ
ãؿף
ף˵ʧȥĸףԭǸֿںܶǰͱץץҲΪǣҶôòͻһΪΪԼǸۣź衣
һ㶣֪ף覻й뷨
ףܲܿЩʹ˭Ҳ֪һǿԿ϶ģǾûжϵʸ
֪ȨԼжϣȨϰˡ
ף˶٣˵֪࣬Ӵǰ߳ǡǡΪЩ飬ЩʹµĵӺڷӱķˡ㻹Ҫһм𣿡
ǰľƱһ仰Ҳ˵
ףһȥ˲ƽԻŵˣҲƽ
˵࣬ǸӵͱԶû˻Ϊֻع
Ϊܱ
˺
˵жҪԼĵ
Ѿһˣʣµһֻʹ뿪
ף˵࣬ΣȴʧȥһԼںˡʧȥ㣬ѵͻҸ𣿻ܱ֤ԲΪ뿪㣿
覸˵ʱ̬ףǵúȻںģΪں˸ʹࡣ
֪ȨܽȨһ٣ٶİᡣ
ѾһΣЩ˵ڳͷ˵һſڵĻᡣѵҪҲһ
ҲȰܸһУܹ黹㡣ʲô˵ԺȫҪ𣿡
ʱף覶ɵθкУᣬΪڶ̬ȶӣи
ֹʣôԶ顣
ǶѾˣҲϣһʹȥ
ҲΪҪǿף˵Ӻͣѵ飬ҧȥ·ƽ̹ǿԼһ߲֪һ߳
ֻҪһ࣬һܴǷʹ߳
һֱף覵۾һӶ߲ϵƬ
ףǻ˴뱲ӵˣ黹Ҫͨ͸
ףվ˵ǾͲˣǻûȥտ覣úҸղ˵ЩصģҪҪ覣Լ
ֻҪ˵Ҳ覶˵һ䡣
ףһۣҲŴλվ
Ҫ뿪Ȼһɫش˽ү
ףƣǸ˼ף̸ˣʵе㼱¡
תһۡ
۽޻ʪģϵҲûȥһ㶣в²ղǲǿ޹ˡ
۽ʵôˣ
ŵ֮ǰҶ̼ҵǼˣһֱأڸղţʹ´ȥҽԺףС̽ˣ
ү䵣̼Щ˽ӽףС㣬һ飬̹үˡ
-

409ﲻӭ

һ´Ҳȥˣλվ
ףƵɫҲһףǸ֣ھȻҲȥ覣
ǷӦѾӷ˳ȥ
һֱ̼ҵ˼ӱΪ˷ֹ´ף֮ٶʲô
´ȥ̽ôܲ¡
ҽԺ´ףڵĲͳסԺ¥˹ȥ
·һʶĺѣ˵仰´ȥף覡
´ͷȳף覵Ĳ˹ȥߵЦҲĲԽԽ
ܶǰϲһףŮˡ
ǸŮİ£޸Ĵ
ҲϲףףꡣֻʩСƣˡ
֮ףԼ⣬ףΪνףһһεƿˡ
ֻһʱʧ֣ͽףˡ
ҲҹΪڿϧôõһŮˣûˡ
ǺܶԺĺҲһصȥ
Ϊ֣ףŮԽԽˡ
ЦӺףֱһޣǸӵʱܸоԼں͵ף˵
ףһףһƿϺԶľ롣ԼɫҲԼһҪ
ֻЦŽ塣
Ժ;ãӣûףҲûйϵ
֪ԼԴĸףԼûһޡ̫ˣÿοԼ¶ǳǳЦݣĵ׶ᱻһֹĸо
Ƕõһӡ
ôõһӣԼһӡ
ϧܰҲ̫ˡ
ֻҪһнӽף覵˼Ǹ˾ͻվһҪҧĲӵӡǸǰۣ
һֱеؽԼ壬ʱļ򣬴սҲú㡣
ûĸףҲǲѡ
´߽ʱף˯š
´ĽŲŵĺᣬϲߵף覵Ĵǰ
Χûһˣֻˡ
´Ծؽף覵ӣز˲䡣񰡡
ĸŮһģ̳ġ
һֱɵؽԼ壬ǵҲ
ԺʱԼһ
´ôţķͻȻƿĵվڲſڡ
´ڻæ֮дף覵ջͫһߵǰ´ƿǱŭһʵʲô
´͵һƣײӣϷŵӺͱҲ´ײˤصϣʱžһ죬˯еףҲѡ
ףڿ´һ˲䣬۵׵ľէȻйҲһ˸ŲŲҪ´Զһ㡣
´ԽѾ˵ף覣վֱ˵覣רġղǰ㳳˰ɣ
´˵Ҫף߹ȥףȴһ˲侪ֵؽе
´Ǹɱ֣ȻҿԼЦ
´һ㶣ΪʲôͺǸһʮĻˡ
ף覵Լֱۻ¡ء
һ˲ף覸û̫࣬ڵһʱץס֣
ǱʶȻǸźˡ
ף覶ΪŶٵĺš
˽յһۣһƬ亹ףմĺˮ
ؿ´ʵʲô
´ڳһº͵΢Ц˵ôҲ˵観ˣѡ̼ҲΪĻˡ
ֻ´ڴǰ˵ף覻šѾһУȻ´˵κһ仰
´ֿףʵ覣˵㱻˰ˣһŵòɣ
ףץԽԽץ΢΢ۣɼ¶´Ѿµʲôĵز
һʹ̧ͷ´˵ҹ
´ɫҲ
ô˵Ҳĳ覣ô̽ˣ̫԰ɣ
ʱףҲϻҽԺ޿´վ۵׶˵ķŭһף覣˶Ůһۡ
ף֪´ɱ֣ȴκԼڸ֮ܰԷֻü˵ﲻӭ㣬ˣ
-

410ͷӵɲ̫

ʱ򲡷ſִһ˵ףҵ˿˲ðǺĺ̽Ҫǵ˸ϳȥˣǵŵڵĺ
ŤͷſһȻˡ
´ߵǰͷһ֡
߽˳һ֮ķ緶ףʵô̼ҵĺǻһˣ
´Ҫף覲ʹһ£ҲһڱǱ̫⡣
ҽԺ֮ǰҲû뵽ף覵ôҲҽԺ
һξأôһ͸ˡ
ҲףΪ̼ҵĳҲʲô
˵ΪףôҪǼӡ
ףֻҪ뵽飬´ֽŸɵһЩ£ףĵ׾;öģ᲻ˡ
ףʵ̼ҵˣʲôʱףҵ˵Ǽˣװȱ
Źȣ˵ףԭǺ⣬ףˣ񶼲Ը鰡
˵ԣǲ죬ҲϡҲò͡
Ƴһۣм˵Ůʲô£治֪ףôϱģ
Ƶɫһ࣬ףŵڣȴҲû̼ôࡣףһ˵һ仰ģ˱ǣȴô
ףһԼ󣬿˵ףôϱò࣬ԼĶһҲ˼๱˵ļ¡
ʲôǴĽ̳飬ףܿҲʲôö
һõôһһĶӣ
ȥףףһ˵ıʲôҪãףʶ˲壬Żף޹ȥ
ףҲףһӣ覡
̼ЩҪĶȻףҵĲǣҲ䣡
ף˲ϵףһۣôףҵˣ̽Ҳֲ̼ҵ˹ԺҲòǹʵװģ
ĻΪ⣬ףĻҲ˵̫ˡɱˣף覵Ҳ̼˵Ѫ
ףط̼˵ѪⱲĵĵ顣
һᣬѪף˵ôһĲֵôɳܣļĹףӡ
ףȴĵؿǰļˣ浱̼ҵѪʲôõ
Ϊһ׵Ȼûг档˵ȸϹˣ̼ҵ˿һһ۽硣
覶Щ׾죬ڻǶˡ´ȻҲҳ覵ǰ
ף˵ﲻӭǣǶҳȥ
ƳףһۣЦһȻôϣǳҲֻȻȥˡֻףףģǲҲúúùһˣ
üʵʲô˼
˵ףڱȻǳ˷ͷǸõõˣҲ˸ɾֻǱߣҿǼʱ˻һοɲþôõˣ˵ǲǣ
⻰̽˸˵ģвͿף覡
ףǺˣ߹ȥסŭȵ˵һΣ
´״ȥף֣ףſҰ֣
챻ȴգЦôһͷҲҪͷӵɲ̫ãҪǴңһҪɶأ𣿡
ֻ˵ĳǸ
𳶿ף֣ЦҲǺһѣǾסˣ֪Ҫڲܹף覣ԺķҲ˵׼
ŮҪʧףµٷ⣬ףҲûҪˡ
˵꣬´һ߳˲
´߳һ˲䣬󲽸ȥ
ף覵һգ̧֮ͷһͼ͵һ´ıϡ
´ͻȻһߣ˶ǰȥ
´һӵϷʱһֻѪϵشĸָ´ϵıжʹˡ
һǽϻŰ´ĵ
һָСӣ컯գҴˣ
´Ҳ㣬㡭
ѵϵ˦ϣȭͷĿ죬´˹ȥ
۵ŭһͷǵȻܶ´Ͳһˡ
´ǿ׳ǰ˼ȭţҲһˡ
ҧҲ;㣬ףԶһ𣿡
-

411±

Ļ䣬ȭͷ´°һȭ´ıͶӣһ˺üȭͷйߡ
´ĺ޻֮
ϵ˿Ǵ±꼰׷˿
ףף覶ˣ˭Ҳû뵽Ҳô£ô嶯ɿصʱ
ΪһˣôĿԼӱ򣬼ҪȥæŭˣſҶӣ
ʱȴĻһۣ߹ȥҪǰһߡƼǰסĸ첲ǿקչȥһ㡣
ͷӵ岻̫ã黹ǱˡϹͷҪǴȥˣһȭ֪Ҫɶء
ƼŲܹȥæ´ͱǿ彡ĸˡ
ֻܸżŤͷ˵ҷſ
ưѸղ˵Ļȫͻѽ˵Ҳһ
̼ҵϲʱŶӹ覵Ĳʹ죬Ҫʰ⸸ˡ
ѵ´ʱôȥæҪչȥʱٶǣĶˣ
´ȻҲǸˣܾḻǲһأοǸϮ
һɿѹǽһٺ´ʱ´Ϳǽ̱ȥ춼
ԼĶӵڵ϶ˣ͵ƿһֱץסԼƣߵ´ߣ
´ѵ̧ͷһۣԼһٴһҲĪͷԡ
Ͳ֪ΪʲôҪԼ
ָָڷǸҴˣһҪץǣ
ܴɣ
ô˵ǰˣͲܴӾ
ΧΧ۵ԽԽ࣬ΪԼռƣô֤Ͳӵˡ
ʱ߷һĨЦǲ׵Ԩǣɣɱ˵ĶӣܴܲӾ
ף覼ȻѾˣܻ´ң⣬Ҫ´һ鶼
´һٶĳǰ˵û˽ģûпɲ뷨ǲŵġ
һֱ´ܣһΪ覵вɴһ㣬һ˶ϡ
´Ҳᱨ
һ仰ƽؾףȺը˻
ͷǲ̫ƽµСĴɼһԶŶҪС·ԡɱ飬һǺš
˻˼һٵˣȻǸɱ˷
۵׶ʱֳ˶´Ŀ־
һͷ´۵Ĳšɱˣ
´̧ؿ۵׵ɫҲԽԽ
ʱȴԼһٴжԩˣֿѪЦ
Ϊʲôһֱĵô
Ǹ¥ϣȻҲС
ʱ̫ţŪǸСԺ󣬾ͼҴҵȥʬˣȻ˻ȥ¥
ʱӦȥ¥ϵСҲһŪ
ʱһ¥ϰɣһУԲŻ˵ɱˡ
´￴һۣٴζף覵񣬲źȻףףҲ֪飬Լ˱仯
ĸŮһ
´һҲ£Ѿȥô꣬ʬ嶼Ѿˣǻܲʲô
ҪҲѹ죡
´ǽһһվȵҺ壬̧ͷƵʵ˵ɱˣ֤𣿡
ֱ𣬺޲ٸ´ϼӲȭͷ״ſ£վźá
ҧ˵Ҿǵ֤֤ݣܻлġ
仰ȴͻȻ˵˵ʲô֤Ҫ˵ʲôУ֤ݶûУ͸˵Ҷɱˣ
´ƷжТ˳Ķӣôɱˣ
´˵˵ĻǲԼĵ
´Ŷӳ߹ȥһЦҵȻûɱˡ˵ɱ˷ȥѽ
ļǰͣʶҲ޺һͳ˵Ц
ܵ⣬Ҳȷžץ
ЦëȻƤһء
Ȼ´µѪĭ˵ܸӮץȥ򡭡
Խ䵽ף覵ϣްĪ⣬ף覵ı϶һĺ⡣
ܶоӵˣЩ˺ܻȴû¹
Ϊ´һ˶㡣
´ѹ˵ãҪˡ
-

412̫಻

ãˡ
´˵仰˼ײףûˣͰԼĿף覵ϡ
ȻҶѾ˺ͲҪװģˡ
Ҫ֣ʲô
µɣɵʱʱ̰̿ף覿ˣʲôʱҵ˻ᣬͰףȥҲ˵
´ЦЦ˵ıһɺ⣬һ붼Ը
ۣס´죬ȭͷһȭ
´ʵʵذһԺ󣬸ǾַйԼĵ׵Ĳ⣬ûˡڰһȭԺʤһӲǰЦ
Ҫٴʱȴףץסס֣
ʢбŭʱ򡣸ο´͵ء´ûʲô󰭣Ҫȥʲôɾ˵׼ˡ
ڵֻǴ´һ٣㱨Ҳѽٴȥ´ʲôôͲôˡ
´Ҫʲôѵ֪
͵ʧְˣֵ˹лӽף覣Լĵ׵Ĵ
֮ϾٴʱҲҡ
ŤͷףһۣףĿ⿴ҡҡͷ֡
ͣڰգƬԺջ侲һЩ´ƿˡĵûзȥ۵׶Ƕ´ĺ⣬ȭͷֱĿ졣
´ȻҪŭԺ۵һʧ
ϣĸһЩھǰҲ˵ϵ˲᲻أûˡ
´ʵˣңܳ𣿡
ף˵зʰ˵ġ
´һۣͷǵˣЦΪأҲˡ
´˵꣬תǰ뿪պ޵ؿһۣҲ뿪ˡ
ߵǰʵղôô嶯û˰ɣ
˦˦ղŴ˵ۣҡͷû¡
˵꣬ͷ˲ףһۡ
ֻǵģЩԺ󣬻¡
ΪҽԺܵˣ´ɴҽԺϵ˿ڣ뿪ҽԺ
̼Ҹ˳Ժû뿪𷴶˾˳Ⱥ
˾ɫԣҶʣ˳
ڳʣ´ˡ
˵´һ˵ʵңղ˵Щǲģ㵽ûУûС
ɱ֣ջǲ˵ڡ
ҲųģȻ´ûֻ֣Ǳӵ̼ң´ĵȷȷ̼ҵˡֻ˽Ӱˡ
ôţԼĶӾȻɱݵ顣
ղǰζҪվ´һߡΧûбˣֻҪ´˵һʵ
´ЦЦĴָԼǵ˿ڣعͷ
ߵЦݺʹǰôһһֱº͵ġһΣȴ´۵ף˺ʹǰȻͬĮ
´ʵ֣ûɱˣҪ𣿡
һ㶡ôҪ
ɱˣǼһ仰ܴȥС£
ԼǰĶӣôоԼô꣬ûп´ˡ
´˵ûɱˣֻҪΪûɱˣǾûСҪ˶ΪɱˣûɱˣҲɱˡô̼Բ˳һ
ӵ̼ңֻҪΪ̼ҵĶӣûһ˻ۿ
ֶ࣬Ҫ
ڲҪ̸̫࣬
ؿ´ʵҰ㵱ӽӻ⣬ģ
´ʵ˭ıһӳЦŻۿһаҵܵ𣿼ǸŮˣаҵ𣿲ֻǣ̼ЩˣҲǰҵһ곡Ӧ͵Ц
ģȻģһӣ̫಻ˣ
ƫƫڱǰҪװһТѵܹģ̼˭֪ĵжƣжܣ
Ϊ˱ԼҲͼ˺ҲǴӹ¶Ժģôܸģ
һμ´ôضԼ˵ӣ´һ
ʵҪǾ̼Ҷ㲻ã̧ͷʱҾʹӦ㣬һǮԼȥ⣬һҵʱΪʲôӦ
-

413ȳȥ

´һĬ
ʱȷ̼ҵûᣬһǮԶ磬ȵгɵʱٻʱ˭ҲСֻжδõĲ롣
뿪̼ԺûɻڴһͿأ
ʱٻص̼ңֻᱻ˳Цܡ
ǰȻǺ˳죬̼ҵЩٲ϶֮Աǡ
һǮ뿪ȴֿտյĻʱ򲻹̼ҵ˭һݰԴ
ÿδðա
ֻҪúõĴ̼ң°뱲ٿƽƽʳǵĶȹңⱾҲӦõĶ
Բóȥƴͻ̼ҵĴҲƾʲôԼҪȥǷ
Ը뿪̼ѣܾʱ顣
ҲԺ󣬾̼ҵĲƲһ֣Ӵ˶û˺û¶͵͵תƼҲ
´˵п׷ҵûɱˣ취ôҴ鷳
𾪲ؿ´ûзϡ
ɱˣ
ƤΪʵô£
ȥ𵽵˵ʲô´ԹԵ˵СѲĺܣһҧҾͲɿڡ
ŭشң
´ŤͷԼϸףвЦ˵֣Һ̼һģҳˣ̼ҵҲŰܣĿȥΰɣ
㣬㡭´Ѫ˳࣬ȻͻȻסԼĿڣһҪӡ
ಡ´ǲ̼
´״̴ӳ﷭ҩιȥĺƽһЩ´ż˵֣ɲôӻָء
ָıӣ춼˵һ֡ƺѾʶˡ
´ԼĸЦͣԼôΪ̼ô࣬ûйҲпͣҲҪΪʲôز
´˵֣ôǷҵģҪεծһɡ
ȻףȥôˣҳĿԲ󣬵ףҺǺöԸˣҪ·飬ĻʲôĶ
α
ҽԺڸ´Ժת߻˲
˵ûˣˡ
ףڲϿ۵׻Լɼ⡣
Ȼӣ߽ʱͷܿߡ
֪ĵȻûԭԼ֮ǰΪĽŲһ٣ԥƬԺ󣬻ûпŤͷף˵Ƕҡȳȥˡ
͸ֱ΢ľүû˭ǰ
Ҫסȴֲ֪˵Щʲôֻܿ˳˷š
ƺɸֵҡҡͷ⺢ӣô覣ôǲҰʣµ覡
ףſڿһۣͷף˵ģԺǻչ㣬̼ǸнӽĻᡣ
ףҲ֪ûȥףĻֻߴ˳ʼһֱſЩĲô׷µġ
Ҳǰ˵覣ҪĶ߾裬ȥ򡣡
ף覿һۣߢȥ۽ǵۣʵ飬Ǹ⹫𣿡
ף˵ûСǰһǲģüز顣ҺҲûиˡ
ףһ⹫ʹˣ鲻֪Ҳá
ףףһۣ覣Щ˵
ףʵʲô
ף
ף㶣˾˵ʲô
ףֱ׵ʵǲǻϲ
ףһĬ
ɻؿף˯֮ǰ˾·һߵӣټ˾˶̬Ⱥͱˡ
ղ´ʱ򣬾˾˻һѡ
ѵΪ飬˾˶Ĺ
ףʵ˾ˣ˵ʲô
ף˵µķȻԣȷϲ㣬Ҳġ
ף覲ף˾ΪʲôͻȻ˵Щ
˾ˡ
˾ڡ
ףƵЩ£ûôԭ
֪ԼԺôû
ףĬĬҲҲʲôԣ㡣
Ҫ࣬ףðףȫ˵ôһ⣬ףҲ˵ġ
ףѾ϶һĺˣܿﶼжԷˣôҽԺﻥĥ˸顣
-

414¶

ף˼ףĻ
ô
ڴǰĹѵʲôûиĶ
ǻʲôأȫ鶼ڸһ£Ǿ˵飬
ǲʲôѵĿԡ
ףſڿһۣ˻Ρ
ף˵Һ̸ˣҲ֪һЩĲѡԸԭԭֻܴʳ
ƿףһۣȻ֪˵ƭף覣һ˵ĻᣬҲûеơ
ף˵覣һȥǵҸݷ
İɣҡ
ףߺûã˵ȥףԵģҲ뿪˲
źſһֱŵ˵ҳȥһŰСʱͻ㿴š
һ㶣漴˵ͷҲñ
ʱ񽿺ԲŮڼﲻ֪Цж࿪ġ
鲻Ǻܺãüͷʲôµӡ
ǰ°ؼˣ߹ȥӹ·ͰĵʵԹ𣿡
һۣ񲻴
񽿵ͷЦЦаɡ
ףǸСʰˣҶӢףʹ˸ôİӣĵ׵Ȼˡ
Բ̴չȥ˵֣˵ף覵챱Ǻйصģ߰飬Ŀɷˣ
üͷһ壬㶼˵Щʲôˣ
Բ˵ףڴϱ˰ˣȻ˸ȻˣˣסԺˡ˼ǣˣȻδǺֵǸ죬ܼγϣ
ܼγϾף覣ҶӢֺͲܼγǣ壬ôϲף覣Ǽˣеأ
Բ˵ҶӢûף観ԵͷӦҲõ˽ѵǲ֪ҶӢ֮ôԸף覡
ʵô֪ô
챱ǹף覵ķԷǲ٣ǲû˵ҶӢġԲôһҧҶӢ
ԲЦ˵֣֮ǰףµŪһܣǹҶӢġҾͰµҶӢ˵ˣôţҶӢΪף覰й¶ģ
鶶ȥԺûãף覾ͳˣ⻹òȻҶӢ˸ɵģ
Բߣ˵ǰǸףǰֺҲֵˡ㿴ԲԼó֣ףôˡ
ĸŮˣɫ˲
Բʵε¶ڹף覣
԰мӦò֪ɣף観Ժ󣬲ܼγϾͷ˺ݣҶӢеȥˣ
ԲɳϹЦ˵˵֮ǰҲϢҲʱû뵽ǲܼγϰˣҶӢһƶף覸Ĺɱ롭
Բ˵ͷϣ˭֪Ȼֺ̧ݺݵһơԲֱӱſһԵɳϡ
񽿱һµؿ˵
֡
ԲԼЩ׵ʵԼ׷ʲôô
վߵָԲʵ˭ģ
־ȻΪף覵
ԲʱңҲǽ˵֣ѵףһ¶ѡ
Ҳæ˵ףԼ̼ңͲ̼ҵˣԲѵʲôԣʲôˣ㾹ȻҪôص֣
ɫѿҪ죬ָԲף覲ʲô飬ֻϾʲôʱݺˣҶӢȥԸɲͶף㾹Ȼ˵ַôͱô񶾣
ͬŮˣףʲôʱôĸŮ
治֪ôµȥ֣
û뵽ȻöǵŮʵ磬㲻ҲϲףԲҲڰѵѽ
ǰֻҪᵽף覣һ˭ǰñ˵ף覵顣
ڼϣǻԼףһԲԸף覣Լ֣Ӧø˲ŶԣΪʲôҪô
ѵѾף
ŭָŴ˵ǲϲף覣ҲڱٿⲻǿôǵðŮ̵ĸһֻ֪ԼĽ𣿡
סˡ
ãôԸף覣
Ѿһ̫ˣĶô飬仰ĵ׻ףŮġ
񽿵ĵͽȻһɺ⣬øףô꣬ȻһŮôǣ
-

415֪ں

ԲˮΪԼ֣ףô۸̼ңƻǼҵļҵǵ۳濪˾ĳңҪϿǼҡôҲֻڱ̼Ҷѡ
ףôչȥһ̼ҴвҲһֽѵף覣İ취Ҳף覾εˣͲڱأ
Ϊ̼Щֲ佱ˣôԶִ
ִǰûжԴѵڰֵףǸ³ҰѾͷԼҪ
ԲԼ׵еĺһĵӡ
Ѿͷϴ
ԲĻ̧ҪԲϴ򣬵һȴסˡ
סԲ˵ԲǸŮӣô侲һ㡣Ϊףôһףĺӣ𣿡
ĵ׻ǸŮôڲô˵Ѿףˣ̼ѾûйϵˡΪһ̼ҵĺӣԼ׹Ůͬ⣡
ѵҪŪüլŪ⣿
ʵ̼ôļҵΪᱻףһʱ壿㵱̼ʲôĳǽ𣿡
ͷϣÿ˵һ仰Ҫһ
۾ͨ죬ͺҪӲµԲϰһƤ
ʵ̼ʲô飬ҲֺүүһЩ⣬õ棬ĵֶȥԸף覣ôȥҪԼ伫ĻŮŸǲǣ
ԲҲŮϣԲиó·ҲϣԲ޶Ůˡ
˿Բթǲûޣ
εԲԽҶӢݺף覣һԲԼˡ
ϵˣµһձһСдһձһմ
һͷԺٲ˳Լʱ򣬾ɲסˡ
˵ҽѵΪãȴ̼˵¡ΪҿǾףķͷԼûӣȥѵ𣿡
ԲͷصĿޣһ仰Ҳ˵
˵Ҫб£ԼѧŵֶȥӮˡ㿴˷磬㣬ĸгϢҲúѧѧǵӣ
˵㣬Բʱ޵øˡ
ʱӪؽֵԽԽۿҪ˷˦ļűˣҪôȥ˵Ҳˣ̼ҵһëò
Բѹ̫ˣαԣŷϵ츳ͱȲҡԽԽѹԽѹͿ޵Խ
񽿻ŮУס˵磬ˣŮѾ֪ˣѾˣҲûã˲֪Բģʲôǣġ
ס죡
һƿ˴񽿡
񽿱ôһƣˤڵأˤ˸ʵӴؽһ
һ˵ദ񽿵øӾͱ¶˳е㾹Ȼң㻹ǲǸˣ
ʵΪҲ֪ʱɵ£
㶣ʵҸʲôˣףǸŮǲǣΪŮǵŮڻҪ𣿡
˵ʱԲ˶߰ˣΪû˵ڰǵ˶˵飬˵Ϊ£ϵͲðŮƳȥƵŮˣ
񽿵ɫһףû뵽ôʹĶˡ
̴ӵץס˵磬ҽֻͣҪԲ·ʶˣҪңԲ裬ôܺأ
Ȼ̼Ӱ˺ܶˣԲ·Ӳۺף覵ȻֻܴԲȥˡ
ҲʶһЩٹˣԺԲҲףҪ÷磬Ҫˣ
ʱԲҲһֱףѹ̧ͷӶôѽ
֪ںЩ㶼֪ǵĵϸ𣬲˵˼仰͸ҰԲܳȥһŮҪĳ˴Ӷˣ
ֻǰϵΪԼԲˣڰˣ֪Щж޺ͻˡ
ҪһϸԲҪԴˣ
ǰ̸ʱ黹ţ½½һЩƵĴţ֪񽿶ԲЩʲôˡ棬˾ö
񽿾ͷʶ̣ûж飬ʲô˶Ǳ
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416»ϼҾ

ԭΪԼһôѣʶԼĴԺٷ룬˭֪ĻԭЩºͿ־ȴ˷ŭ
ʵΪʲôҪӣһжΪǵŮã
Բ񽿺æ߹ȥס˵裬˵ˡ
ҲͲ룬ҲܸʶЩ˲ףôҺͰֳأ
ƿûΪʲô˵
裡
񽿿ֱ׳˵ôһΪԲ˵ʲôʲôЩ˸ԲʶأĵģҿǲҪԲ
ŭɶ˵ҲҪѡģкõҿ϶Բǰôһ֣˭ῴŮˣֻԲǴϽİײˣ涼ڿ̼ҵЦ
ЩõˣֵཻˣΪһףȻҲԲһȥʶ
ڴһԲȥ˾õͼ
ⷬЦڲž̼ǸЦѽ̼ҵЦʹˡǸФŮ̼Ժ̼ڱǾͳ˸ͷβЦˣ
ЩֻҪһԼѳźͺȲ裬һ˵ף覵飬֮ͻ̼ڵûҪƲ
ЩŮ˱ͼ޽̼ңǴ˻ᣬî˾Ҫ
Щܹ
ϣԲܹķŲԲԼȥЩһӦꡣ
Ҫĺһ㣬һ㣬ôˣʲô
̸Цˣ̼Цˣ
㻹֪
ŭɶڷŭ֮ϣŴ񽿵ݺݵ˦һơ
žһ죬ڿ
񽿱ˤڵأ˼
裡Բ̰Ѵ񽿴ӵϷʵû°ɣ
񽿱ŭҲӵֱӳ˹ȥָһӡ
Ȼңʲôˣ
ԲһҪȥܣȴסˣֻһԽе裬
Ů˷ǲҪġûãϾͱӳѪۡ
ץһۣȻҲûţһͽ񽿳ǰ˳ȥøҹ
һ죬񽿵ײϡһ˲䣬ļھ޴ײ£һ죬۵Ĵ񽿶ͷ϶ð亹
֮񽿾ˤ˵ϣϵĻƿֱײֱֱ˴񽿵ͷϣˡ
裡
Բһ˹ȥסͷӵϱ
˫ĿգͷϻһȵѪ
Բŵˣһ߱Ŵ񽿣һ߿ʵ֣ô죿
ֻһʱʧ֣ҲûѪɫæ˵оȻ
һδƽһԲæҵذѴͽҽԺ
ȷû֮ǣֻ΢𵴶ѡ
ֻǱͷϵˣϵ˿ܸһ㡣Ϊ񽿱ƿһ£ײӣ˵˼Ժпվˡ
ԲԺһޣ޵ķѡ
ˣûأ
Բʵ֣ѵԼд𣿡
ڲϣΪֺǲܣ֮飿
˵Ը̫嶯һ㣬Ͳ
Բŵؿۿˮͣشתջûп޳
̧ͷһۣ˵黹ûѹõ㣬ĸŮȻϼҾһʱ䣬Ĵͷ¶ˣ
ãǱǵķĸŮġ
ȥ¾һʱ䣬ֻҪǵһգǻǽӻġ
Բһ̼ҵϼҸǸµط궼ȥõط
µ˴ֱɵĺܣЩνˡڱǻĺúõģΪʲôҪ£ֵطôĹߣ
Բ̹˲ô񽿵ˣ˵֣ڱҲԾǲϼң
Ѿˣ˵Ҫڱ֣ܰͲֳҶӢ飬ҲЩĵһȾƳԷ
ԲӦڲ޴˵ô࣬Ϊף覣ѵŮ𣿡
ҶӢǵ˵˻ǣףϡΪ飬ְ趼ˣָǸںף覣ں
ʱεĻʿ̲ˣ˵ǶˣҽԺҪǳȥ
-

417Ծ

ڲſһ̧Լļ
̫æûüȥҽԺ͸ֱЩۡղź´ǻ͸оԼֱ۱֮ǰˡ
һĲŻһ졣
ͷһۣףվź¶һ˫۾һԲؿ
㶣⻹ǳһԸ
㡭ˣʵ
ף観Ĭؿ
վȥԵˣܿͻҪȥˮӡ
תҪߣףȴеվס
Ųһ٣ͷǶˣʲô£
ŵʵǲ岻
ף覰ѲŴ򿪣ÿһ·

ȥô
Щŵؿף覣ĺ죬ԥƬԺ󣬲Ż߽˲
žһϣͷףһۣףڶ̬ȣоЩڲ֮࣬ȴߵ߸ף覵һˮ
ףûнӣ߻ز˵ɡ
һ㶣˸ݹȥˮһӣ
ף̧ͷ˵˾˸˵пԡ
תͷܿף̽Ŀ⡣
ף覼˽˾ˣ˾˴Ǻ˵ˣô˵һ֪ʲôŻῪΪ⡣
ĺᶯ˶һʱ֮䲻֪Լ˵ʲô
ף覵ͷ˵Ҹһᡣ
ͷʵʲô˼
ף̧ͷ۾˵Ҹһν͵Ļᣬϣпԣھ͸ҡ
ļ䲻ǼٵģĶܲȫʲôԣĿԣһûмһ
ԼҪһ͡
ĿʲôֻҪܸԸȥȥ⡣
ûʲô˵ġ
ףû˵ģ
ſҪظһԼղŵĻȴף覴ϣ˵
鲻ϷŪͿԹȥģ֪˵жҪ
ףԹԵ˵κһ˶˽ңӦҲ֪жִ
ͷ֪
ף˵һᡣ
㲻˵ǰһңԺʲôԺԸԸĿԣԺִӱ֪ʲôҶԭ㡣
ԭΪжҲΪ躬ԩΪԺһȥ飬ȥ
ʱԸŵԼʲôȥԺ˵Щ
Ҳ飬ǻһԼ
أĵʲôһֻҪһӲԼվԼµķ
ôԼԺܺһ˹һӣ
ԣҪ˵
Ҫʧڶˡ
һ
֪ף覿еֲԭ£ζ˵￪ʼ޽
ףһִ˵
ֻҪ˵飬˾˵ٶ඼ͽ͡
Ϊ˵һȾǺüꡣǼ˸ʻˣһһܾ
ʲô˵ѱζʧԺҪʱ᲻ҲǰһزԸ޸֮Ĺϵ
֮Իһ͵ĻᣬΪû϶ԭ¡
ǰһˡ
ǰ֮ʣµ飬ܲʹ࣬
ͬʱҲףֻʱĵǵŻ֮⡣ΪֻҪһʱ䣬ͻָ˼ԺͻԼʺˣǻԼһ
ףȴ˵˵֮࣬Ҳûпˡ
ⲻһʱף˼ĵﻰ
֮Ĺϵʲôȫһ֮䡣
࣬ͻԶʧȥ
ҲδֵáΪףԺпܻɵ顣ԼЩ£ȫȻûˡ
࡭ȴܳܲ
ǷκͰ񶼻ĥûǸ޹ǣһڼĺӡ
ף覣ҪôԼӺɵ£
뷨һԺһʱ֮һϡ
-

418߰

ףǰö˵
ʶףôãûһξԼôѡͺǵʧ֢ˣĵǧҪף˵ȴһ
ȷûܱԼһĻᶼûУİָð
˽Ҫһ𣬿ֲϣʹ࣬ϵȫ
ʱһһĴ֮ʹȥף̾һվ
߰ɡ
Ѿ˵ʧѹֻƣˡٸԼʲôˡ
߹Ҫȥţȥ
ʱ߬ס
߬ĺֻܽҪһɿף覾ͻǰʧף󴦱߬סһȦ΢΢ףף覶ۡ
ף覵ͷһʱ
ˡ
ô㣬ôǿˣȴʱף覵ǰʪ۾
ʵͷ֪֪ǰģ֪һһֱ㣬Щ˵𣿡
ֻǣϣһֱһֱȥ
ף˵
޶۵ȷܱѵˣһЩ֣ǲҪĶʹһ㣬ҲһӪһҸļ
ļ󿿲סģһơô
ףʵ㵽סҪҪң
̧ͷ۵ۡ
ף覲֪ΪʲôҪôԼֻǱţĵ׾͸˼ֲ
һЦӦңʲô벻ÿޣΪһ겻񡣡
ף㶣ľʲô飬ҪȴӦô֣صĳŵ
ãҴӦ㡣˵
ֻҪԸееЩ˵顣
վǣزϣãŻڣʹңǲǵһаɵĺӡ
ף覵ͷ
˵ҼǵǸӣף̣ͬһ졣
ף覵һ̧ͷ㵵ؿ
Σףҡͷܣ˵ģ˺üԺˮ
ȴĸΪ㣬´ɱˣűġ
һ飬
ף覴ϥϵ˫Ȼս촽һףҲƵĲ
ΪΪң
Ϊһ˱ĺӡ
ڣЩĲ֣һظ
Ǹº̣ܲףȴޱʵ
ΪЩʱԺȻҲʼϵظֳƵӰ
Щض飬Ը飬ôһĽ¶ͷ̡ͷ֮ߵȴϵۣԼӵغһӡ
Щϵ޾ΣȻӿĳˮһ㣬ûˡ
˵µǰף覵Ѿֹס˳
߹ȥڻˮʪ͸ϵĳĸоƤȴûаоֻԼȳЩʹĹ
°͵ף覵ͷϣϧ˵¶ұ֪Щ
ôҪ֪һУԭԽԶš
ףȦסͷǰصĿޡ
ѹԹԼԼҺҲԹԼЩ£ԹԼԼĺá
ʼΪʲôһʼͲԼΪ֪ʱ׵ԼܲЩʹࡣڣЩ飬ȻʹԺ
ǻ飬һ˶ã
ؽȦԼĻ˵Ӧҵģ벻һֱޣѾȥˡ
עοף覣Ժ󣬲ԾܴףĿ
ͷβû뿪ף覿ˣĻ˯˹ȥ
ûڣ˯ȡֻҪһ뿪ף覾ͻʶ߬·߬Ų֡
ֻһڲ§ڻܰ˯
Ż˯жð˯գͷϵɴһǡ
Ҫ֪飬Ѿȫˡʣµ·ֻԼȥߣֻܴܲ߳ȫԼﲻף覡
ͷһʹΪܲôһ㣬ʹһ㡣
֮߳ǰһֱһȥЩκͰգֱԸٴȥЦٴȥ硣Ϊףȫ
-

419³Ժ

ƻʱ򣬲ƿһŷ죬Ϳ˯ˡ
οЦЦ֪ǱǰˣҲ
ķ˺ˮȫűߣŹˣȥǡ
ףԺͰѷȣιף観Է
ף覵ʮЩǰϲԵķˣҲֻǼ򵥵ĳ˼ڣͲˡ
֪ĵܣҲûǿյָ꣬һƻǸƻгС飬װ͵ףǰ
ףϷ̧ͷһۣ۵׽ϼΡ
ΪãΪô࣬ȴûиоֻһζȥûĿԣоԼ̫Բˡ
ף覵ͷȻЩҿ
˭֪ʱȴס°̧ףһͷ۾˵ûй㣬롣
ʲôʱΪףһжԸġҪΪԼĲеΣõף覵ΣҲԼĿֶ١ԣҪΣҲ뿴ףΡ
ף覲ϵˮ˵ͷȴһ
ǰһͷ
ʲôϣǾʲôѣǶҪúû
úûȥǶЩõˣõıҲǶЩ뿴ʹ࣬첻ҵˣõĳͷ
֮һܵʱ䣬ף覾͸˻һûкκһ˵һ仰
ڼﶼûȥֻףһסҽԺһԷһ˯Ų
Ŵⷢʱš
ڴϲ˵ʱһš
ƿףӣĵʵΪһӣֱףڵԼ̬ţƲŽġ
ܼγڼҲΣÿȲף˵ֻͲܼγЦЦȻͻһĳĬ
ܼγԺ˹ף覵Ĳ飬Ҳûʲô˵ģÿֻһСʱߡ
ܼγܻĽߵռеıˣôֺףһˡʱȻҲչԼʱûǽţһľ
ǲܼγϴ֪ףһʲô˭Ҳûаѵףйص߹ܼγϣǶã飬ûø֪ıҪ
һԺףͷϵ˿ҲϵĲˣԤԺ
һưʰжףóԺԺ뿪
ףǰĵİϵëѥЬ
⼸ף覴ҽԺûиоʵҽԺʱҪ˺öֻ࣬Ҫһ߳ȥͻһƬ
һףųԺĵ˽ף˵ˣԻȥˡ
ǰվֵݸף覡
˵ĵһůġ
˵߰ɡ
ף覴ӲվɫȻԿֲ԰ס
ߵſڣȴײ
ףüͷʱûؿʵʲô
￴һۣ˵֪סԺˣм仰Ҫ˵
ףм䣬ѵѾûйϵˣûҪװһ̽
Щ̼ҵˣףĺܣһнЩȫ޳֮ͽ
Ƴףһۣ㲻˾ˣҲĵʲôʸң
վһ˵Ҳõֵ֣վɣ
ֻѪȴһӶûйܹ覣Ҳ˼Լףǰӡ
ʱף˹ף·
ףͷһۣ˼ε̾һ⺢ӣôǷŲ¡
ףŤͷ˵ߣ
ƻҪٶĺ˵ʲôѾףˡ
ףһۣʵ£
ף覵ͷ߬սһ㡣
ûڣﶼġҪԼ
һۣҲû˵ʲôŤͷף˵飬Ҷ˵ˡ
ף覵ͷû˵ƺƺû
Ĳɵӣ۵ַ꣬˶٣˵ҵֻ֣Ȱôһ䣬ǲʺ㣬ؽɣˡε飬ӦҲõ˵ѵ
Ĵһ۵¶ֻް
ô飬Ȼáѵѵ
Ĺô۸ѵ
ĵһ£Ҫǰһȴף覽ס
-

420ûҪ

ף̧ⷬͷ̫ûбһȴȻЦ˳
ʲôʱֻҪߡΪŮҲãΪҲգƺ뿴Լ
ף覺ȻЩףȻˣΪʲôҪԼǰأ
ܵҽԺ˵⼸仰ܿȥ
Ҳ֪Ϊļ仰ѡ뿪
ʱԲȻһԵת˳ס´ֱۣ˵֣һֱҪ㡣
һδסԺԺ󣬾һֱûгԺνԩ·խúףסͬһҽԺ
ף覶ʱȻԭģֻǡôסԺˣ˳·ѵһ¶ѡ
ǰף覵ˣԲ۵׶ʱ˼ȻͼҴҵҪߣ֣ǿȥɣڲء
ȴû̸Բ뿪ǿһͷϵɴ
ףƽƬ̣뿪֮ǰת뿪ˡ
̼ңѾڴˡ
һ㶣Ҫһȴʲôûзͷһη֣ף覵ıӰԭôİ
ҽԺſڣƺףѾ˳ڳкǡ
ǿǰһڿר̽ƺһף覺
ףҪߣϺȻƮ˶һѩ
΢΢һ㶣ȥӡ
ѩģģܿͱ»ˮʧ
ڻѩˮף̧ͷŲѩƮգ߽һĨЦ
磬ѩˡ
͵һ˵ˡ
Ѿ̫ò˵ˣΪףҪܾãпĻʧ֢
Ǹղţȴ˵ˡ
ĵ׽յȴţڴһ죬Ըȥˡ
͵ԣ£ѩˡ
ϲףڰããѩеĲҪӵ
ףߵЦ⽥۵ƺ˹⣬Ժ󣬿ĵһѩ
ѩܰףƯɫĻֻûлŨѡ
ϲ𣿡ֻ˵һЩֿһ⣬˵ҲѩȱǵĻ󣬻ÿԺȥòã
˵ûǲãֻҪԸ˵һ仰е㡣
ףŤͷ֪Ϊʲô֮ǰЩ
˵ǰǸԾɱŵŮôѾһĴˡ
˵ѩԺٿɡ
ͷãԺڿʲôʱȥáǽȻؼҡ̫ˣ岻á
§ף˳ӣֱӻ췼Է
ǰʱһֱæտף覣⻹ƺףһļҡ
Ѿһʱûסˣ֪ף覾ҪԺˣɨһΣԼﻹܸɾ
ף覻ؼԺƴӴó·ļ߽˳Ԥһļ缦ҪףҲнȥһæˡ
ʹǰһˮһ̧ͷʱȴԼף覲Ӱ
һ㶣̷ˮȥף覡
ȻףԸ˵ˣЩľ״̬
תһȦףûϴּҲûԼķ䣬ȻԼ鷿ҵ
ƿ鷿ŵʱףԼĳ﷭ʲô߹ȥʵҪʲôҰҡ
Ƭף覵ͷ˵СʱƬ
һ㶣뵽ҲûʲôıҪˣߵǸĹӱߣͳԿףȡŴǰƬݵף覵ǰ
ף覽ӹƬ˿ָƬǸվߵĺӣ̧ͷʵ𣿡
˵ͷ
ף覿Ƭɵ顣
ףƬǸӵͷ૵ϴһϻǼ裬Ϊɵķġңҹƺá
ǮԺҲ͵͵ȥ͹һǮҪһССĲǡ̾һûҪ
ʱ˰Ǯ͵͵ŽҵԺˣ˭֪ҵȴ˾Ǯ˹һûҪ
֮취ϵҵһЩݣҪͨǵ֣һ㲹ҵȴܾˡ
ƽа׼ıˣ޲ˡֱʩļֲǾ֮⡣ôһҲûޣҲ֪ôˡ
ҵˣǲԸЩ֮ơ
ף૵ȫ´֮Էһ˰ɡ
ǷҵģҪȥǸȥϴ
㶣˵á
-

421ʲô

ֻȻ´˺ȴǺץİѱ
ҽԺ´һҲֻһʱߣѾȥôˣҪץס´ʵѡ
а취ġף覷Ƭתȥ
ƬһۣԥҪҪƬף覾Ͷ˵ŰɣԺûʲôµˡ
ȫԺ󣬾ٿƬҲǰͷۡʱ䣬ҲûǰجΡ
ĬĬƬҲ߳鷿
ֻҪܷЩͱʲôǿ
ѩһҲûͣȵԷʱԺﶼ˰ףֻǿƽʱҪ˼ֿĸо
ףڴ߿ѩһ̺ӸϣЩ˵˵ŻؼҶͰˣҪٶˣֵöҩ
ָף覵Ķͷǰһ£ýдӳףףʱüͷ
ȿȡ
ףʾעһ㡣
ͷϵ˻ûãͷ
СｿεεĲҪСˣףܺ
ջ֣Щεؿףһۣߵף˵ȥæɣ˾Ъᡣ
ףһû˵ҲӦ˾ˡ
Ծ˳ȥƣֻһ˵ﶼŮ˵£ܰæȥɣ覡
ʱҽԺﶼ벻ڽף覶˵
Ӱˣɡ覱֮ǰҪöˣٿϿ˵ˡ
̧ͷһۣɵҲЩҪ˵Щ飬һֱе˾
˵СʱĲãǵףұúõţҲܿġôһĶõģܺĵˣס
˼ģԺҲһãԲһѹһΡ
Ƶ˵ͷֻҪܹһεĿܺúõˡ
ܿˣһΧһԷ
ף̧ͷף˵ҺѾһʱ䣬ҲһЩˣҴ㣬Ȼؽ
ף˵Ҫߣף̧ͷһۣ۵¶ֲ᣺ô죿ܶ𣿡
ôãԼȴһֱţһֱģûϢ
ףͻȻҪߣףĵôҲе㲻
ף˵Ȼȥˡ
Ϊף覣ףﵢ˲ʱ䣬ôȻؽһ½顣
̫ãڼҲҪģûȥ
ף˵ͷϵ˻ûȫһʱ䡣ҹʱ㡣ҲҪ룬飬ǻ취ġô
ף˵֪ˣ˾ˡ
Ƹףʢһ뼦覣Ⱥȵ㡣
ף覽ӹȼʱȴͻȻ
һ˶һ㶣ף覲ŸճԺ˭üţ
ƸҪȥţվ°ɣȥš
Ƕǳڷϣóȥôô񻰡
ף͵ĿһۣߵһĨЦ⡣
ߵűߣšѩ׷ɣһŮվ
캮ضģŮ̧ͷʱ¶һõЦݡ
磡
һ㶣ĿС٣ôˣ
һ˲ףСôڴڱǣѵʲô飿
Сٴ˴֣ŶŽ˵磬䣬ҽȥ𣿡
ͷ￴һۣûӦСپȴ˽ȥ
üͷһ壬㡭
һʱûСٵ磬ôıȴǰҪˡϲɡ
ﻹˣС̫ˡ
СֱźüˣҲһ¡ܿ¶һЦݣͷ˵磬п˰
ףͷϻûɴСٹеʵףС㣬ͷôˣ
ףƶһۣͻȻðŮ˼ɻ
Ů˭ôֱӵˣ
ף覿СֳԼǰЦһǰͲϲС١
ףֻ˵˰ܣһӡ
Сٳһôô
ɫҲ̫ÿϷŶףƽܵ˾ˣ裬С٣ˡ
ףϲַܵĻش׷׵ʵʲôˣ
ף覴СûиףףһֱԼŮ
ԼŮͻȻһŮţף϶Ҫʸ
Сһ㶣˵ͨѡ
-

422治Լ

С˵ܲûжôҪǶԣֳ壬ȴǱزٵġ
ףȣȷϹСٵԺ󣬶ʵԷ𣿡
СЩ˼˵մû
ף˵Ȼѣһɡ˾ǿˡ
ƸСٰһӷǰСٵһл
ƿ˿С٣¶׽顣
ǲԼˡ
߻Ժ󣬶Сٽܵ覵ľ˾˺;裬ǳ
ȻףҵˡСٵ۾һתף覵顣ô飬Ҫ߼ˡ
СЦŶʺãĸá
ҲһЦĵ׶Ůȴϲ
ղûݵĻŮôððʧʧĴҲ̫ͳˡ
ص⣬׷ʵôͻȻˣ
Сٰ㲻ܻĻشѽ
гڽǰףδҲСٿһ˫۾дȳ±˲֪ǹϵжƵġ
ǸʱܿĳСٶжС
ףüŮˣе㲻֪ˡ
ֱӱܿСٵĿ⣬Ӽһ⣬ϸϸŴʵúõģҸʲô
С˵ǰʱȥһʺһЩѣ˵ƯЩЩָ࣬˵ڱҲۣ˵ˣר̹㡣
ʵС˵ô򵥣ǣΪϵ
ǰʱӳȷȥһȴֱҵûмʲôѡ
ӳףڱǳˣںֲ죬ףҵ˺ȥ˱ǣӦף覺֮ʲô¡
ӳ컹˵ҪõĻᡣһ϶˿ɳ֮
СȻ֪ӳҲ˵ٺӳ飬һ뵽Լлһ𣬾͹˲úӳǲǻĴˣ˳ĻǸ˱ǡ
𳵸һǣֱ췼ԷˣСٵû뵽ףҵĳ
粻ɣףҵĳһЩʲôҲûкô
ףҵĳף覣һ
С˵꣬ǿ˴̵մ˵֭Žף覵
˵Ե㡣ʹҽҽ˵Գԡ
ףȴҡҡͷ㣬Գ񡣡
̸ף覼һӳ񣬷ŽҲãóԡ
һҲڸףвˡ
һˣųˡ
Сĵ׶ʱһ񣬸ղŶû˵
Сٿһҵ˻ȥе磿㣬˵𣿡
ף¶ֳЦ⡣
ôľ룬ôûֻԸͲԸѡ
ѾʵˣҲС¿ӣͷС٣Ӧһ䣬ˡ
ֱһʢ룬Сٻ⣬֮ǰʢӶ˹ʢһڵļ͵ǰ
磬ȵ㣬塣ͷôصˣʱչӦͦģһ棬ҲöչԼŶԡ
۵͸ʱֲá
Լ覰ģȻҲǲܺȣСôŪרŸһ
˵覵ļңСô飬ôļһ
ϣҲ̫ʧˡ
ƸҪ˵ͱףס֣ףһۣҡҡͷֻѹĵ׵ĻƵس
ƸеֵǣףҲʲôû˵ֻǶԼ뼦һһĺţСٵĳֺһ
С͵Լǰ뼦ĬĬؽԼǰƿһס
ļ˻ΣСϵЦһ˲佩
ֻһСĶȴڴǰ̬ȡܾСٶԼʾá
ףżü
ͦ𡣡
̧ͷС˵ղ˵ӳȥһ
Сٵͷڨڨ˵ѽǰ졣
˵Ӧø˵Һͺӳ֮ûʲô飬ҲǿԻĵĹϵ飬Ҳǵá
Сٵͷǵá
ʵΪʲôһ϶ĺĻΪĹĲ̫ãǿң
ΪһѣСȥźгܵⲻ̫
-

423ҽ

ɫްСٵĵ׶㷲
ӳǸˣԲƽ׽ȥС˵ǷǸŮ˷ҪСԼ覲͡
ӳյʲô覵ϢŻС٣Сٹ
ӳôҲ⡣ӳôҪҵǮƣ϶ϣĵ覼޽ңӰҵĵλȻŻ͸ʹӡ
С˺ӳĻܵ飬ܲŲʡ
ӳʹǼҶСףԽˡ
ϴСٻȥʱѾѻС˵ĺˣСû飬ҲϣСΪԼԼĺԵ
ΪСٻȥԺףڿСٲûףԽԽͿˡ
һкܵоѾܲ׵ˣףҵĳǰôıԼʲô
ǰСٲûӶĸоٷĵ׵ĵλҲǰˡ
ף֮ԻôΪ֪СٵЩжûá
ãһǵʱͱˣõŵȵһΡ
ףҲǿһƽԼŮڴʲộû뵽ףʲôҲû˵ԼСٸ˻ȥ
ʱС˵Լźӳ죬ɾͲˡһԼ˵ѣ˭ҪʲôʱϺͱԼһء
˵Լźӳ죬ֻѸ£ף˵
С˵ҡҲ˵࣬ͼ㣬ûôࡣΪѾôãǵĹϵһЩӳŻȥ˵ЩҾ͹ˡ
Ҩһ͵ףǰС˵ôżң绰ķ㡣
ֱܾ̫ףСϵЦѾѣ˱
ԼϲŮˣϸ᲻һίף覶ƢҲЦĿġ
ǶԼϲŮˣһĺãܾĺܸɴࡣ
ϻ￴ţСٸоԼѾӱһ·
Сٿһۣҧҧ촽˵Ǵǰʱ򣬲ҲȥԷô˱ǣͺˣڶ𣿡
һĬǵʶСٵĴжСӣǷԵ壬Ժϴǰѡ
ҲܾôС¡
һҲ͵ԣˡһֱôȥ֮ûʲôĵҲ᲻ġ
ôԸףΪЩԼͿԴõ鲻ġ
ʡ˵
Сʵʲôʣ
ǺһʲôʱҶ˵ʲôԼһ˹˶٣˸Ϊ֮䣬ʲôرĹϵ
СٵͷȥΪñôΪŻ۰Ͱ͵Ĺ
ȴҪƳĸɸɾһĻᶼûС
СʵˣҲ𣿡
ף覺룬ץסᣬס֣ѹϣջȥ
С۵ײɵðֶʻ
˵㿴Ѿδˣ˶þҪ顣ôҼң˸ô㣿ҲСˣӦöŮ֮µķִ硣ôǲʡ
Сں˵Ҳںôң˰˵ñ˵ȥô죬ûܰ˵죬鱾˭Ҳܲס
ֻҪܺһŲں˵ʲô
Сٿһۣģ磬ǰҲЩˡô뿪һʱ䣬ͱôࡣ
˵ǰҲںΪЩֻ˵һһȻЩлںô覡ңΪ覹ܲסԼˣͷǻᳰЦ
ͷŮ˴飬׿̼ҵЩ˲˵ŮΪеûţҲҪñϷ鿪̡
ֻҪһ뵽ЩŮ˶ף䳰ȷӣ;ĵ׶µûš
С㶣ףղ˵ô࣬Ϊ룬Ϊף覿ǡ
Сٲ˵˵ǸˣںЩܺһӦҲ顭
ҽ⡣ûСٱԼĹ۵㣬ף覾;˵
-

424θ

Сһҭף覾Ȼڱǰ
Ťͷһۣ仰ɻ۵׾Ȼ˼Ц⡣ѵҲ
ף覿СһۣǱ˵ЩС㣬Ҷʮֽ⡣
ε飬ȴǰҲ϶ԼһӲֵܷˡ
СǰװʲôȣԼƿ
ϲϲϣһ˵ģ⣬ʮֽ⡣øСֽ⡣
ѾѻС˵ôˣСٻҪôʱ׵ĶСٱһԼĲĹȨ
ģСΪܽ⡣
ףЦЦͷС˵Ҳˣ⡣ԺҪˡҲҸʵģԼϲˣ̸ۼˡ
ѺǰǰϲǰڸС٣ǸʵˡСҲץ֡˭á
Сĵôϲǲϲǿˡ
ԣϵˣףһ͹ˡ
̸ۼޣСٵɫˢİ˲١ǱʲôۿҲ
ȴѡŵˮӶαСԼţΪᣬͰǹȥСٶǷ⣬˲С
˵Ҫʲôʱˣ͸ҡҪҲʵˣҲ԰һ
磡
С̧ͷ۵ˮ˵ί
һˣ˵Ҫ޸˵ķ
ѵԼ̫
ûж֮ģֻ˵ҵ˼Ӧס
СٻҪװףԸ¶һĸҲϲ㡣
СٵӾ̫²ˡ
ŴǰЩ֣һ
ף״ӵһ¡
̸СټһӲˣЦС۾ôͻȻˣһǸղǸġ
СٵĺһһϲҲ²ȥȴܵҪﻹԵ·
ƼнЩˣСٺ޲ðĿӸˡ
֪һʼͲùΪгڣܸջȴû뵽羹Ȼô顣
ף覿Сһۣûһ˵ɶҾģζС㣬Ҫ
ܾͶ˲ף覣Ȼƽľ
СپͲһˣףףôһ˵ɴ˿ӡ
ףĶŲԡ
Сӣܲӵ˵ҴһĳЩˣڳԲ·
ף覵ȵľ仰̧۾ͺףʹ˸һһô꣬еġ
ף˵СͿȥϢɣԼˡҲǿԷʱٰ˿ɲá
⻰ôΪС岻˿ǣ˵ˣڸߡ
СͻȻţǷԵĲ˳ģѾǲʹˣлᣬǵȻҪСپŪߡ
СٵȻҲͿ͵˼ȴԸô뿪
ֿһۣ˵ѩµ̫ˣھߺе㲻㡣
ףЦһʱͦ㣬ߵʱͲˡϻпڱ˼ﲻߵĵ
ѩҪһֱ¸ͣСǲǾҪɴǼסˣ
С̴ĲףһİѩûϵҼǵи˽߰ɣҪߣҲʡ涳š
ףЦ˾˵ĸˡ
СٸղҪǾôˣסﶼԼ顣Ǳ˾˰ߣСٿҪסڱǵһͷˡ
һСҪһ췼Է¶ϴСʱĳ
Сæ˵ˣ̫鷳ˡ
ףܾĻᣬ鷳鷳ҲгҾҲæǲǰ
ףʵ
ͷ˾Ǽĳ϶ܵ˾˵ġ
ף˵Ǿôˣȥ
վҪھͰߣСżĲˣҸղ˵Щθˡ
θʱżֲҪζ
-

425²㵢

һֻҪҵһٸڡ
һҪһߣҲҵһһɡ
θˣ
վܽóһɾķУͿʼ̲ˡ
Сʵڸʲô
Ʊ߼в˱˵㲻˵θҸװЩ˴ȥԣȥԺˡȥСװЩǵöװһ㣬Сθˡ
ף̧ۣͿСٵǳ˳顣
С˵ʲôǱ췼Էˡ
ôҪԼŮˣƻԼ̫Ҫ
Ů˽ߣ
һƾͰѷװãòͲһӷСٻ
ʱҲѾ췼Էſڣһ죬̰СƣС㣬ȥɡ
Сһͷ磬ҡ
Ƶøˣȥɣѩ죬˼ȡ
Сپظ˳ѩ˵죬ףóͷʵףʲô£
ף˵Сר̴һ˿ףĹ塣һҪúҸطСס·˷ѵʱûϵؼסĵطҪ
һ㶣·Ϸѵʱûϵ⻰е
ףǰ˵һ䣬ľү塭
ͷСһۣѵСھүǰʲôףǿˣ
ףųʵղŸ˵ģ𣿡
ͷˣһҸıݸСס
ףֱ˵ȥɡ
ߵˣӦ˼
һף˵ݣˡ
ףһ佻ֱӵСڳڱת˽ʮӣûҵһʵıס
Сŭˣαʵ๻˰ɣ㶼ת˶ˣȥҪתʲôʱ򣿡
ЦŴСֽżѽⲻǻûҵʵס𣿡
Сٲʹ˵ڱôã֪ܲкõطסҲף˵Ļ۸ǲǣ
Ц˵ѽɾԩˡڱǶԼĵطסԱĲϤô۸ءҲϣס㣬Ҫô˵ҿɾˡ
ô˵ȴűһһҵĴԼߵˣڽС͵Զĵطȥ
ףô˵ˣҪǲţǾףӡףӣү϶ùүùȥƵñүѵһƤ
СΪԼһųããѩ˵ûãǿɶģҪҲףҵ۸ңҪ˺ˡ

С˵֮ǰɲһף覵ĵϸ˵ףҵңīˮҿҲûжദҲȥûãǾæذҺ
Сٿ˿ԼֱߵĺзеĿ
㷹ҪͳҴȥԣ˭Բ𷹲ȥҵ𣿡
Ųϡ㶫ףΪ˸ߣʲôжó
ӺӾ￴һۣĵ˼ŮֻҪǸ˶ܺദ
ף˱С㣬ûаСֱӸϳѾǺܸˡ
Сαʵһֱߣ˵˵ףôˣͷϵˣᡣ
˵СٲЦ֮ǰһΪжżף覣ڿҲȻҪôںҲôصˡ
㶣ͷСһۡ
һʱûܾСٱĺʹǰһˡ
ǰС٣ԲΪ˶Цˡ
Сٿ˵˵ôһֱף覵ء
˵С֮ǰ˰ˣʱүýɽûСߡǻʱҲȻˡһʱ䣬ˡ
ףϷ飬ܼ򵥾ʹˣܼγϵһΣҲûᡣ
룬˵үǺСģ⼸죬үһֱչС㣬һû뿪ҽԺ
һλСٵɫֳܿ
СЦЦ覲ǵҲһӶôΧתɣ
㶣˵
ôоСǳԲѾ˵ᡣ
˵ʵֻҪүԸ⣬Ͳ㵢󡣡
С˵Ƕͦϲף覵ģôΪ˵
-

426¿

ӺʹСٽӣ˵ҲϲСѽ
Сֻ֪ӦԼ⿴һۣʵ㵽Ҫתʲôʱ򰡣Ҹסô𡣡
˵ҼǵǰһұݣͿ쵽ˣǵǰȥ
Сٻɵ治ΪףǸ˹ң
˵ûľͿ쵽ˡ˽ֿھǡ
СЦЦǾͺãˣףҵˡͲðףҵ˼ˣԲԣҲңҲ˲á
һĬ˵ף£Ǿүףҵˡ
үĶСôӣôˣͲףǾүˡ
ʱĳ·ͣͷС˵Сӣˡ㿴ⲻҪǲ⣬ǻٻ
С̧ͷһһҿͦıݡ
С˵ûˣҡ
Ҫٻ֪Ҫתá
Сٴ򿪳ȥλϣС˵Сӣķ
СͷҲصߣҲˣȥ͸ǣˡ
浱ϡһٷˡ
һȻҡҡͷˡ
췼ԷףƳ극Ժ󣬾뿪ˡ
ףһҪؽƴףԺ췼Էչ覡
ʰĶͿףվڴ߿ѩ
ɫһ˸ǣ˴̨š
ҪѩԺǻᣬ⼸ͺú
ף£һůˮ˵˵š
ף覱ůˮ˵Сٺϲ㡣
һ㶣ЦԴ
ף˵ֲϲдֵҳԡҪҲҵĴס
˾˺;ǰôѾ̬ȣûʲôûɵġ
ӣԼһˮʵ˵ʲô
ף̧ʵԺСԽ飬ҿҲʲô𣿡
ζʲôһ٣ǡѧ˳ͷ
ף˵ûã̬ȡ
СٵĴĹϵһ㣬Ҫһǻõġ
ʱæܲΪԼСٲ˳ֽۣ
Ĭһ˽⣬ǷǷǵġСʲôĵײͰԼȥˡ
ף΢΢һЦá
Цݣǰ˰ҲĲЦЦȴûдǰʵҸ
ף覲Ŀ֣ĵһֱѹɺף飬ûеõй
ȥ覰Լﻵ
Ҳ´ܱ֮Է覲õġ
Ҳڣڵûнף覣ڷıȴǰѡ
ҹڴϿ컨壬´飬þò˯
ʱȻ̧ͷſڿ˿ô˻û˯
˵
űƿһ죬ף覱ͷվ⿴һ
ʵ˯ţ
ף򴽣ʵҿԡһ˯𣿡
㶣ƿϵıӶ˵
ף観˹ȥͷ
ֱʱĵײƽһЩ
ְڻѱӸǺãḧͷ˵˯ҾĶҲȥʲô¶ᷢġ
ף覱۾硣
˵ͷţ
װɡף˵
һü˵ʲô
ףһһٵ˵ס
׷ʵͻȻῪ׵ʲô
ף۾˵˺ϵǲһģ˵ʬʱ
ŵĿ㡭
ףƽ˵Ѿȥ̫ˣھ±ֻƾǵļ仰Ҳû취´Ҫ֤
ָ֤´Ψһֻ֤ܴףҡ
üͷšһףѾôˣʱ򿪹ףǿֻһ帯˵İ׹ǡ
ڱֵԽƽζ飬Խݵľϡ
ĸףĸס
ףѾΪôˣܺģףӵڳʬ֤
覣飬Ҫˡ
һףҲܷˡ
Ѿ˵ڳǴɻ䣬ǴТ鲻ܻ˭
-

427¾

ף覵۾һգӨͷϣҲôûа취ˡ
ɱôһֱң⣬ģڵҲܰġ磬Ѿûбİ취ˡ
бһ·ҲԼĸ״ӵڳ
ʱ䣬һֱ飬еİ취ûһǿеġ
´ôţƶȥ̫ãҲ֤ݡ
Ҫ´ֻ֤ܿ
ףĵ׵ִףףĿһӶȥ
ͷԺʱѾѾˡٳĬôԺڽͻȻ˵
û뵽ףĺġ
˾֪뷨𣿡
ףҡҡͷ֪
һֱ벻;˾˿ڣ֮˾˵Ҫؽ͸û˵ˡ
ĸײֻһ˵ĸףҲǾ˾ΨһĽ㣬˾˰Լ١˾֪ԼҪף֪ĵ׻ô롣
ףʵҸð𣿡
˵Ȩ֪¡
ʬ飬ף覱ף
ңĳ棬Ҳһ˿Գܵġ
ףʵ˾˲ͬأ
˾˲ͬ⿪ʬΨһȡ֤İ취ǾҪû
˵ףףԼˡ
Ҳ֪Լ̫ΥףΪץס´ʵ̫ˣǲף
ͷһ£ⲻپ˾ϣҲʹ´ľ
ףʵ
˵¶ûǿףҲδܴף̵ʬҵɱ֤ݡ
ף観Ĭ˰Σ
ǿʬҲп鲻ʲô
ֻЩ˸ѹ
ʵɾֻһĿܣҲҪһԡ
һܶȡǾҲûл򾯲֤´ˡ
һ㣬㡣
ȻѾ˾ǰʲôףһ߹ȥ
ǾͿ´Ǹʤһ
ף̧ͷѾϢ̫ˣ쿪ʼǺ̼ս
˵꣬Ҳ
ڶ磬̼ҡ
´һϳԷֻһֱ´ɱ˵飬һٷԵĺܲζ˻û룬ûӾͷ롣
ŤͷԼߵ´иһƬᡣ
ǵԼûɱˡ
ԴһαʧƿԺ󣬾˼ԺȾû֪ڷδ񽿵ȣҲ߶ˡ
´ɱ˵飬ҲûҸ
Щ´һֱܲ˻ǰϱ֪ˣֵֵܻø
ʱ̼Ҿڡ
ֻټһ̼ҿȻԵÿյġ
ʱ˽ʵ˭´
һ´ʲô
´꣬ƿµվҾǣ£
ɫ˱䣬һó˹ȥֱ˵ɱˡ
һ𾪵أЩһֱΪ鵣ģףһûס鶶˳ȥû뵽ףջǱˣ
ǼŲң̼ҾȻףôһФŮͻẦԼļˣ
´ž΢΢һЦ
϶ף覵Ը񣬲׷Źһջˡ
´ʵɱˣŪ˰ɣ̼ڱôãһֱطôɱأ
´ĵıҪĶࡣ
ҲϣһŪˣҪҶӡǲƾű˼仰ͰҶӴߡ
첻ͷӣԴǵ˵ܵôȥʸ
һۣǰЩʱһǾֳԹǾҼץˣǵķǲҪˣ
̼ڱ̾ô꣬ϵмֵġ
ɫǺܺãڵ飬¹죬˵Ǻ;ֳԹǾֳĶӣҲøһˡ㲻Ҫ񣡡
֪̼Ǯ˼ңǼԵۣҲۡ
Ҳ˶ǮˣҪǵɫ
´ԣ¶º͵Цݣ˳ȥλϵ飬һǵĵ顣ھͻؾְɣ
в󣬼´̬ȣ췴һ㶡
ҪԼ˵뷨⣬ôϵɷǻͷһ
Ǹ곤һľ׵ľʹ˸´뿪̼ҡ
ؿ´㡭
ʱ´ӦȱܱܷͷŶԣ취ס죬´ôǸˣ
ĵ侲𶼲ɵøе¡
´ĵ׵ڴʲộ
ĵһ㷲æߵ绰ߣֳһ绰
-

428ɱ

ž߳ţ´̧ۿԺԶĻѩ߷Ц⡣
ɣĲ飬ͿЩܲץİѱ
´űץ֤ݣֻԼû뵽ԼһţͱһȺΧ
´һ㶣Щ˿Щ볤Ĵ裬Χ´ָָ㣬˵ûꡣ춼߲ȺŮ˵İΧȦ
ǿ쿴ɱѽ
ǰûȻɱˣ̼ҾȻôһӣ̫ˣ
ʲô̼ҵĶӰģġûû裬ѹֱӡ
ԭûҰְ
´ԭɫƽͣ˵̼ҵˣûҰ֣ɫ˲ͳȥ
ʲôȻҲͷ㣡
Ⱳ´Ѿ̫ɫľǱĳ˵¡
һ㣬ƽʱֵº͵´Ҳᱻ׾ٵļŭ
һָ´˵ǿˣһɱˣûˣ
ƿΧ۵ˣü˵ÿǰ£黹ûأ˵ÿ
ͷĸÿһ·´ǰߣȴק´ˡ
ͷһֻ´һվݺݵضǰЩŮˡ
۵һƬ͸ղҪʱˡ
һ㶣ôˣ
һʵôˣ
฾Ҳ´Ӹŵˡ
ʱ´۵׵ȴȥһº͵Цͬ־ڻû֤ɱ˷Ǿô˵ҪǼ˭ͷǲҲԸǷ̰
һ㶣ʱ´Ȼ˼
´ԼΧЩŮ΢΢һЦವ˵ǵӣҶˡҳһ
ޣǻ㣡
ȺУһ׳ķŮ˺Ȼ´һĭ´Ļ
´Ĩһ𾪵ؿ
ģŮϵ̵
㣡
ǸŮָ´ıӣ޼ɵáɱ㻹ţסôˣ㻹ɱǲɣģ̰㵱ѽνȥͱ׳
˴۲ͷøﶮʲô̰ϣ˭ҪǲʹˣǾͻĸ
´ȺŮȥǸûõġ
´ؿھֻҪ˺ǰŮ˵죬ʱ򾯲ȴһ߰ɣڵʻء
´Ʋ֣ŭɿԼߡ
´ĵ侲ȫ⼸ͷĸ˸ûˡ鱾ߴߴ磬ֻҪ̼˵ط˭侲
쿴һۣԽԽøղŵ´ڵ´ͬˡ
´ץϢܿڱﴫˣ˶˵ɱˣȴû֪ɱ˵˭һʱ䱱۷׷ףһһ˵
Ͽʼͣȶһֱûн
ʱһھֱĴ豬ϣ翴ףСһӢһ֡
ҵĿʱף׷ײ²´ɱ˺ףǲйϵ
ף覺̼һȲͣ᲻ҲΪ飿
ʱҽԺ֤վ˵´ҽԺŹʱ˴ĺף˵´ɱˣҪ
ܿ챻Ҵڴǵ˶϶´ɱ˵ףѲĹϵ
˵ԺҲʱҽԺĴ񽿣ص̼ңҪʸ
ؼҵʱ򣬲Ҫšһ˶Ĺȣɫæشߡ
סʵ֣˵´ˣô£
Լĸжƫ´´ʲô£һ֪
̸飬ҲҲΪ顣
ƹ˵ÿڳ¡
Լĸ״ҴҴ߹Ȼʵ´ɱˣǲף
֮ǰѾˣף覺ģôֻһǾף
ǰףεɱ´ɱˣҲֻף
ĽŲһ٣ͷ˵һˣҪܵܣûиɹ飡
Ťͷ۵׸ֳֳصʹ͵ĳΪ˰ʲô˵
סڣһͻȻȵϣŴ˵ɱˣᣡ
ܱ˵ʲôԲǰһС
-

429¶ǮĹ

ҧҼǵףɱһ꣬Ƕȥϻ塣ףܾѺӽ̼ԺǾˡ
˶٣˵ֻ´·˳
һ죬ףɱˡ
ף˵´ɱˣôɣ
ЩֻǼ򵥵ɺϡ
ף޵̼ʱͶףзǷ֮룬ץסĸ첲˵֣Ҫɱˣ͸ܵɵƲãٲˣ
˦ŭ˵ܵܣôô˵һˣʱҪﻥšһܾôܲ
ӷŭ˵ǣҪ´ӻ̼ҵӣҺûзԣǾҪһ˽
´Ƕ֪ǰͷ˽ӡôǶ̹˲ǾҪϿ´ʱپãĵһӦ
ĻĻûһܵܵģΪ̼ܴѿǣһȫҪܵܳˣ̼ڱҲŵȥ
˲´ǲ̼ҵĶӣֻҪ´̼ҹҹ̼ҾͲܶ
ֻ̼Ҫһɱ˷Ķӣ̼Ҷᱻָָ㡣
飬ֻҪһ´ҪྭӪһӵ̼ҡԼ뱲ӴƴĽôһ
ùŵأŭյ˵ԴǸŮ˼޽̼Ժ̼Ҳ̫ƽˣҪһŮ̼ңǸǣ
һ㶣֣ףѾˣǵðһ鶼ֵ𣿡
˵˵ûǸŮҪ֪һ㣬ͲȥܵܣŮ˵һʼͲȢⶼеĻˮ
𾪵ؿ𣬵Ͳףȥ´´ףġȴף㡣
һдȥףϣԼĶд֪´ɱˣҲһڰ´绤
˵ҲôģҲܲܡ㲻æҲҪҶ˵ʲô㾯ȡ֤Ҳұս졣
˵Щ˳˾˵ȥ֡
ʱףڰ칫СС㱨ǽ̼濴顣
С˵´ʱ򶼻ͦ򾲵ģЩŮ˵̼ҵԺɫһ¾ͱˣҲ׵Ҫˣв˵ҪЩ˷̰
ףʵأЩŮ˱ŵûУ
СЦŲ廰´ЩŮһĭȻ;ˡҿһļˡ
ף覵ͷ˼Ƭ̡
СʵףС㣬ΪʲôҪרŰЩŮ̼
´һ߾ôŮΧſָָ㲢Ǽ򵥵ɺϣЩ鶼ףһ簲ŵġ
ף˵һʲô鶼侲ˣ̼ô¶ţ⻹ûء
ĺ´ڸɳԺôô侲ôûθе뵽´ǰԼʱ¶ЩЦݣף覶öġ
ȻôҪǰװºͣͰ´һαƤҪ´ڱЩ˵Уװʲôʱ
´ľݣԽҪ˿أԽҪ̼ҵˣԽҪһԲ˳λϱڮٺ
СʵףС㣬㻹ʲô
ף̧ͷƳһۣ֪ʱ򡣡
С㶣ЦףС˵ʲôʲôǶףСİš
ף覿ǣ΢΢һЦģ
Сһ㶣ôףСһλеˡ
ף覶¶Цݣܾ쬵ġ
Сæ˵ģȻġ
ף覵ָƵšֱߴһѵ˲ż
֮ߣȻľǺܺãȴ˲ֱӡ
ƮƮһɨ˾Լĵ׵ܱȻ̽С屻Щ飬ЦףС㣬Ҫûʲô飬Ǿȥˡ
żߡף覹˹Ȼǰ̽ӣǰ˵Щġ
ףվƵǰ˫ֳأ˵֮УӦиͽ˶٣־ǡ
˵ɫһ䣬Ŀף覡
ף˵ֻҪ뵽һֱ˳ҵϢˣҾ;ëȻ
СЦףС㣬˵ʲôǶףСһֱĹôͽأ
ףһָҡҡʲôֻǶǮһֱĹ
-

430ֵܷĿ

һֱֻ֪ҪǮ࣬һ˱Ѻ׵ġ
СʵףС㣬ǲǳʲôˣ
ף覲޶˻ǣô˵һϷʲô⡣ԼıһֱܺãӦòʲôŶԡ
뵽СŤͷԼС塣
ףЦЦ˵ұܵ飬ҶӢŵġԺҶӢ͸¶һЩȤ顣˵Բ֪е飬й¶˺йصܡ
СȵΪ˱Ű㣿
ףЦǡҵĶȤǣҴûкԲ˵ҶӢ飬鲻й¶ȥģߵǼˣΨһ֪ģˡ
鲻Сй¶ģСй¶ġߣ˶顣
Сɫ˱䣬ԲйأǲǺй
ҶӢеϢԲԲлȥҶӢǰ˵顣
ףСᱻܣҲԼѲĹϵ
뵽ЩСɫ֡
ף˵֮ǰǣҶӢе飬͸¶Ǻ񲢲ҵĻ¡Һܺ棬Ǳ˸ǸǮҵϢһֱĲң
С˵ףС㣬Դ㶣Ҿûκ¡
СҲŵͷĵĺף覱֤ҲûУ
ףԴǣԸǸߵļǮ˿ǵ죬Ҳ֤ǵļֵҪǾǮ࣬˵ҲԸǼӼۣΪʲôҪѡأ
̸͵ķʽǱѣ˱ˡ
뵽ԺԼһһҪ֪ˣף覾;Լʲô鶼ɲˡ
ǻߡ
ף˵鵽˭ģԼ̹װɡ
һĬţ˭ҲԸվһС
ףЦЦ˶˵þۺɢǹһ̹ףҲ׷ǵΡҪһͷʲôͲôùȥˡ
СĶ߳һ㱡Բܳϡ
ôò飬㲻ףҲδҳ˭Ϣ
Ҫǳˣʲôûˡ
ף¸ôãȥͬǮĹ
С嶢ѹʲôû˵
С塣ף覺Ȼе
Сһ
ףָָСЦ˭С𣿡
С忴Сһۣ֪С޹ģԲֱָǵ˵ңҲ֪
СƺҪף覵עǵת𴦣˵Ҳһ֮ɣҲǱأ
ףЦһ
ˣ
֪ˣһֶĹССֻʣܼγϺأˡ
غԲ˵飬ܼγϸġ
ڱǺҶӢйصķԷҲǲܼγԺɢġ
ܼγҪɢҥɢˣõŵȵԺ
¾Ǵ֮䴫ȥģûܡ
ףֿСһۣͬ⣺ǲС壿
СС壬Ĭ˰Ρ
ףʵֵҲûʲôҪ˵𣿡

СĬã³ôһ仰
Сһû뵽ԼûָСȴСָ
СǰסС·ʵС˵ʲôأӰ㵱ֵܣȴָңǲֵˣ
С˵ףСѾ˵ˣ֮䡣ûйϵңֻ㡣
ף̫ˣܵ飬һѾ׼ָС壬ףҲһܹ˭
С岻˼ؿԼǰֵܣָı˵˵Ϊ˱סԼĹףСǰָҵģԲԣ
СվСǰ۵׸ֳΡ
С嵱ôֵܣҲָС塣Ҫףߣͱ֤Լġ
ûѡ
СɿС죬תף˵ףС㣬һҶӢ߱ˣ㣬Ϊ˱ȫԼָ飬ĳǸ̫ˣ
Сֵܣͱķҧһڡ˲ΪСҪסݹҲ룡
СüС壬ڵߵڰף
ף覵۵׸ֳЦ⣬һ£ֵֵˣȻҲʼˡ
С弱ˣһҧСףС㣬ϸĵϸ˵Ļɲɿ
Сüʵʲôϸװף
СЦͲıǵˣҪұ㣬ףС﹤𣿡
СȲʵģ壡
-

431ٸһλ

ףһ߷Сϣ㲻Ǳǳģ
ӶµʱǶĵ˵ǱǵˡСҲǱƼˣŻСϵס
ף覵û뵽صڡ
СŵףС㣬ȻڱģҼҹȥҲһֱڱǣûҲϤĵطҲǱǵˣҲΪ¡
С²࣬Щ굽ǮȥˣֻҪǮСʲôɡȷСйˡ
С巸˴ףС㲻еġ
ףСߣΪףСæҲףСİΣ
ԼԲСקˮ
ССôΪԼƶСΪάԼ棬Ųֵܵ뷨
ףֿСһۣʵǰ飬ûǱǵˣΪʲôҪҷ
СԴǵ˵СΪԼףСߣұҲ˼ߣв
ףЦЦҵĹ
СɫɶҲһǵȻ
˭ף覻һתʵǰôһأСûָ֤㣬Ҫһֱȥ
СһҭΪΪ
֣Ҳһ˵ǡ
Ϊ˽ġ
С˵ɣף˵ˡ
С㵵ĿʣµĻǱ
ף覼˵ûַʱ㵱ȻԸཻһֵѡ˽Ҫ˵Ļѻǵǵ㣵ʱѾͿˡ˵ģ𣿡
˵ĶԣΪ̫ˣŻСһ㷲ĺÿף覵Ҳ顣
ףƱ磬ͷдʹٶŪ˵ĵֻҪף覲Ͽɣܸ㲵ȥ
ʱ˽
ף̧ȥʵ鵽ˣ
صͷף覵ݹСƱ鵽ˡ
ף覽ӹһСƱЦǲûָ֤϶Էˮˣ֤ˡ
˳ȥСƱͱ͵Сǰ
ף˵Լ
СӹСƱһɫʱˢס
СƱͬһҷͬһƱݣֻһСƱǩԲ֣һСƱǩС֡
ݵˣ֮ǰ˶˵ù˿ǩԼ֣ȷϽû
СƱǡǡ֤СԲйӴ
֤ݰǰС廹ǲϡ
żæŵضף覽͵ףС㣬ֻͬһҷݳԹǸԸģҲûзʲô㿴ƱšֻǺֵһȥԷԲǾֻǸɺϡ
ף̧ء
ؿڵʹǼҷݵϰСһȷһȥ˷ݣ˲ٲˣ˾ơ
СָصףСǺֵһȥԷģûйϵһڷ￴ˣǻû˵һ䣬ԩˡ
еҪף֤Լף۵д˼ꡣ
ף覵ǲֵܽʿһûкԲ̸ֻҪҸãǻ˵ʵġ
С˵Ͳ˰ɣǣǶæ
ףЦæǲҰɣҲĽˡ
ף˫Ϥһе۾СɫҲһ˿Ѫɫ֪ԼףЩ
ףֻҪҵЩһʣղŶ˵ЩȫˡѾˣףСѾİϷˡ
ףС㣬ҡﶼû˵
ˣѾ̹׵Ļˡף覱ȥߣǰֵһС뿪
СߵСǰ˵߰ɡ
СüߣҪˣûлˣ
ôõĹôõĻᣬȥҵڶߣ
ÿСƿС׷ף覡
һץסף覵˵ףС㣬˵ֻһʱϡҸˣȫˡٸһλᣬұ֤ˣ
ԲǱǮʱһʱûסˡǱݹԲЩǮʲô
ʱΪҶӢϢûʲôˣŻԲ֪ẦףС㱻ܣʱô˵ġ
Сһ˫۾εף覣ϣܹڸԼһλ᣺ףС㣬һΣҷģҾԲٶκ˳Ϣˣ
-

432һβңٴβ

ף覵ͷСԼ飬õѵſ
СûзţףС㣬ͿҴǰΪҲ㾡ľķϣٸһôأ˵ⲻһ仰飬Ƕ˵ȴҵĴ£ԺҰ£һûвĵġ
£
ףЦһ
ôôαأΪǮһε˾ͻΪǮڶΡ
С˾˾͸߸һһβңٴβá
СߣҲֻһһľϸıС˱ˣɵĴǲɹˡ
ʱܼγϺ˽
˼Сץף覵ɫˢˢһͬʱʵڸʲô
СǰĻ־壬Ҳ֪ĵж࿴ף覣æ֡
ûʲôС˵
ף覻ͷվﲻСһۣõСߣһ뿪𣿡
Сһ㶣С߹ȥ˰칫ңС壬߰ɣףСݲˣ
Сק˰칫ңС廹¥µʲô£С裬ֵһ㲻˵ףСߣǿˣ
ףûģ˵бҵ˰ȥ
ȥҲ߳˰칫ҡ
֮ͼҴҵؽһȺˣСˡ
СǲߣҲôһȺˣֻĲ鲻ԸرҸϳ
ȴǰֵľСĵ˵ĻںޣԺڱһͷġֻǱǣף覵Ĵǣܰƴĸ
Ҫܼ㲻ǰ;ƽףҲǳԺȲ
Щȫûˡ
ʱôһʱͿΪԲǵǮһ·أ
칫ܼγЩĿף覣ɳǸô£
ף覵ͷ˵֮ǰֵ£ײǿõˣǴԲǰˡ
ܼγƳһۣȻЩȥ࣬뵽ߵסˡ
ܼγ۵ף覣ǰƢûôꡣ
Ϊһ˶޹Сǵһμʡ
ף覿һۣʵĵײʹ죬𣿡
˭ǸƢСŮˣͲܽһ
ܼγϾͶС
ף覾죬ֻҪģ˵ʲôС
ץ˿һȦۣʵҪҪҩ
ףҡҡͷۡץһ¶ѣô
ܼγϿ֮ǻ̧ͷԼ۾ͼ۲ľ
ף£ʵͷ۲ۣҪҪȻȥϢ
ԭףڼϢٻףȴҪ飬šף覣ֻܴӦ
û£Ѿöˡ
ܼγĵ׷ᣬģǵĹûˡ
Ҳһ˵ĸܣ̫ˡ
ףȴŤͷʵүôͻȻˣ
ܼγϷµ۾֣˵֮ǰҰҰˣͰ˴㣬㿴ⲻ
˵ƣһƯСŮ˾ʹ˽
ǸŮ˳磬۾ġƤϸۣźܹԡֻϵ·ʽЩ¶ô컹ô٣Ϊˡף覹Ů˾ǱܼγʱӺġ
Ů˽ԺͶף覵ͷеףСá
ףһ㶣˺һ뵽Լ֮ǰвܼγϽԼһ崿СŮԸ߽ϡ
֮ǰ̫飬ЩҪﻹһ߽Ҫ
ҶӢ֮ʲô³鶼ܷɡ
ദ߽ϵ⣬˵Ҳһ¡᷸µͬջʱһ᷸ڶ¡
ףŤͷ濴˿ǰŮˣʵʲô֣
СŮ˿˲ܼγһۣƺѯ
ܼγϾͬһ˦ƹһ˵ʲôʹʲô
СŮ˻ͷף覣ش̶
̶һ󻯵֡ǰŮʤʻɾû̫Ũķ糾ζ
ڳ˸˾ϬĸƵģ̶Ǽһ۾ܿĳ
ףʵںֹˣ
̶˵¡
ǸеģѹֿһŮҪɾЩ
-

433Ҳ¸ð

ף覵ɨ˼飬ȻŻͷԲܼγ˵ͦõģ˿װֻҪһѣҲмִҹģ
̶Ŀף覣֪˵ʲô
ҲǽͻȻүģ֪ԼҪף⣬ȫ
ܼγ϶˵Ժ͸ףС㣬İ£ʲôʱף覸ˣٻ
̶ͷǡ
ף覿һְ̧ۣɳϵһΧݸ
̶һ㶣ףСǸʲôҪϴΧ
ף覿¶һּ磬˵ֲ죬Ҳ¸ð
̶սսĽӹΧԭףС£ů
̶ʵǣףС㣬ҽҪʲô
ף˵ӦѾ¥ˣȥǲܼγϴˣ·֪ôֻҪúõİ¾С
̶ͷûʲôˣԾ˳˰칫ҡ
ںˣɫеġ
ϰ칫ҵţ̶˿ԼΧ˲ϡ
ͷᵽɢĵĻζ̶ıӺȻһᡣ
Ⲽôôůͣô󣬻ǵһõôõĶ
ûϻһ˶ôá
ȻףСֵݸģһΧףС˵Ҳ㲻ʲôĵ׾Ǿ
ź̶˰칫ңף覲ŶԲܼγ˵㲻ǵ͸˰ɣ
ܼγϵЦȥ٣ֱ˿ף覣˲٣Щй㱨˵´ɱ˵Ĵţǲģ
˵´ɱ˵飬˶һڱǴķзʵסˣŻʸ
ף覵ͷģҵȷˣһȥġ
ܼγϳһ⻰ף覵˵ûˡ׷ʵ´ɱˣ˭
ʱһ
ܼγһ㶣һۣʣ
ʱֻף˵衣
̧ϵĲ豭ǳһڣȻûбֵĺܱˣȴס۵׵Ĺ⣬ɫҲ͸żȻ
ܼγһ㶣̧Լһӡ
ʲôʲôܱܿףʣǵôֱף
ף覷Ĳ裬ؿһۡ
ұҲûŴңΪô֪ɢȥϢģԼʲô
ܼγϲϵۣߵ´Ǹ
ǰ˵̼Һף覲Ը飬û뵽´Ȼɱˡ
ף覵Ҳ̫ˡ
ĵͷߣ´ЦǺǣͱӵ˲Ŀ¡
ף˵ͷһһ˶ͬȷǸ۲۵
ɫûйֱݣܼγϲŸҼʵȻ֪ɱˣ㶼ôˣΪʲôһֱϵڲűΪռɱ˵֤ݣ
ףһĬ۽ǵƳһۡ
΢˶ûлش
ܼγϿ˿ʲô
ֻ֪غͲܼγϵڶڹ֮䷢ʲô
ף˵ǹȥˣֻҪ´Ϊ鸶ӦеĴۡ
ܼγ֪ףԼĬƬԺ˵ʲôҪҵĵطҡҶ㡣
ף˵Ѻ̶͹Ѿǰҵæˡ
ܼγ㶣ֻ˵̶ȴ´ǲԼ顣
ܼγ˵ûʲô¶ˣˣ󲡳עԼ壬ҪȲ͡
˵ֿ꣬һۣת뿪˰칫ҡ
飬ף覾ͺһ췼Է緹ˡ
ƽȣŷظף覲
ϣף覶´ʲô뷨ף˵˼䣬Ǽ򵥴
ף֮ǰҪŵף覣ɵӦˡף˼Ҫӳ顣û뵽ףһߣص췼Է·ϣ˵ף覱ץ´顣
һ֪ףǹףԺ󣬲ж
ףôرԼ⣬˸ʵģƸǵף覵񶼶ǳ
覲ҪǸʲô˵ɣ
극ֱܿף覣̽һ¿ڷ磬û뵽ҧĸʵһйص鶼͸¶ֻģ˵ףԼĴ㡣
ưģ綼뿪Ժִ绰ף
ףԺ˼˰ΣŸ飬ᾡʱף覵Ĵ㡣
ף覾ǰ˵ףҲֳܼĬ
-

434Ұֲɱ

ףҪòŻף˵һܡףô˵Ҳ˲١
ڵĺӶ̫뷨Щ׽͸ĵҪΪף覵һ
磬ףûȥȥ˹ҵ·Ŀ̩۳
һȥ۳һΰŶڳſڵף覡
ˣΰŵһʱͰ˳òˮĹţףС㣬õ𣿡
ף覺һڲ˵öˣ˵ҵˣҲڵʱ䣬ô
ΰ㶣˵̼ҵ飬ҲһһֹͷףС㻹пչĳӣ
ףСôƽľʳӵ飬һ˵´ɱ˵Ŀ⻹ǰϵĵһλ
ΰ˵ڵʱ䣬ҶźˣػҲ鿴ΣҲ⡣֮ǰѶСӦҶˣס͵ķԸùʽˡ
ף覷˷ΰ׼ĲϺ֧˵õˣͽӣʿʼɡ
ΰһ㶣ȷ
ڱǶ̼ҺףԷʱ򿪹ǰԼƵ˼ϰ
ף˵ı˲֪ǿ̩ۣƴ򲻳ȥڣȥˡ
̼˸ɱ˷´ץϢ󻯵ɢȥ̼ҵһܺõĴ
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Щ֪̼ҳ˻£ͻʹ棬۲ǰ;ô
Щ˰ı۸ҪֻҪܴ۵һḶ́ͿԶش
Ҫ̼߶Թ˲Ͼ
۳ʲôźˣһֱŲҲǶһġ
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ף̧ͷһۣΰΪΣš
ʱȻһһԱ㲻ܽȥܽȥ
ÿһһӰʹ˽
ף̧ͷһ˲ΰź͸ղ˲ɵԱ˵ȳȥɡ
ΰŴԱ߳˰칫ҡ
˺⡣
ף覾ؿûʲôӱʱϵ˺һԼ
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˺ûʸȥָ죬ף覣ЩѵĿ˵覣Ұ֮䣬ǲʲô᣿
ͻȻױϢšص﷢ּûˣ֪ĳˡ
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ֻҪѺʮСʱҲҪȺܱŻ
´ھţȥˣҲܰ˴ߡ
ֳִˣͷ˶мֹעʯҲȥ֮ǰ绰
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˺ĵײЩºͺףйأֻʸ֮ǰѾȥһ췼ԷΪҵ˺Ƿһ
εؿף覣ãȴֻףƽ˵ûᡣ
ĿģЩҲġ
ϣ´֮Էġ
˺һ𣬱ûᡯĸָŵ
˺⽹˵覣һŪˣҰֲɱˣԸҲ˽⣬ƽʱԸºͣôܻɱ˷ǵʱҲչ㣬Щ㶼𣿡
ף覻̼ҵĺַܶ񽿺ԲΨû뵽ףߵһˣǸ
˺ʼնԼĸ׻ɱˡ
СܵĽҪԳº͹ŮҪᣬ´ҲеЩ
˺У´һİԼİôӵﷸ
ף̧ͷ˵ԸºͲɱˣֻϵߡҲƭҺܾá˭֪ʱչˣûаһ˽ģ
˺һ㶣ôô˵ĸף
覣֮ʲôᣬ⿪ҰʲôԸң⣬¶ûҪֵȥ
Ϊһӣ˺ʲôʱûԼĸܿࡣ
ף˵ûᣡ
´ôһΪĶӣѵá
ɱ˷ɱ˷ʮ˺ĺöӣҲڸǲɱ˵ʵ
˺⵱Ƕ̼ҵһڽҲԼףҲȲ´
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435Ȩ

˺ؿף覣ĮԼûа˿ͷ
˺ʶԼǰף覣ǰʶף覣ǸãȻͬˡ
ףֵһͺ˺ĸ˲ɵ͵ìܣ֮ҲҲûгΪѵĿˡ
ϵеʧף覱
ڡ
˺˵覣㣬ıˡ
ĮĲᣬ˱һŮˡ
ϲף覣Ůִ˭᲻ϲأΪϲ˺ڲŸʹ
ף̧ȴȻ
ǱˣıǰңҲ졣
Щ´ġ
ף˵㸸ףʹֻҲȥҲҵɱĸˣȨҲȨץѾ˵Ĺˣ߰ɡ
˺ʵô϶Ұɱˣ֤أ
ף覲ٺˣҲҪ֡Լĸ֮ܲԩ
ף覿˺˵ԴǣȻЩЦ
ͻȻ֣ޣ˺ԭҲһ̩ɽһΰĸס
ף˵ҿԸ㣬ҽ򾯷һж´ĿߣҪ֤ݣһҳ㡣֮ǰ㲻Ҳȥ´ҹ˯ŵʱ򣬶߻᲻ףһ죬߷İ
˺һ㶣ף覰˵̫ʵòȥǷķ
ף̧ͷ˵˺⣬Һܸлұܵһ죬һʱ֪ͨҡԺʲôҪҵĵطҿԻ顣´飬֮û
˺Ĭãһ˫߬ȭͷףһۣת뿪ˡ
˺ߵſڣͷ˵ף覣ֻҰ֣Ҳ塣ǰôãȴϾɱһһ˶ûеġ
ף覵һ̧·˲Į˵̼ҶãŻǼҡͲҵļˡ
˺ҧҧˤŶȥ
뿪Ժף覷ŭˤ˱˱棬һ죬䵽˵ϣһ㱡ҡ
ߵǰĬĬؽ䵽ϵ˱Ļҳ
ףץͷŭʵ˺ƾʲôָң´ɱ裬ѵȨûƾʲôҪ
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ףһ㶣̧ۿ
ϲֻΪᣬҲΪԸԼͷΪ˼ǰԶܹǰԼ
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֮һֱǻһЩ
𻹲ף覺һһֱ̼ҵĻû֤ҲҸҶӣԺڱǷʲô˻
˺ⲻģʵүүķԷﴫôֵûС
Ĺڵãһ˫۾ŭʲô˵ûУ´֣㲻ΪˣѵҪȥһͲ̼ƲŮˣ
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ҲԼĸ׸ɹ£ף˵ôУжݡ
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Ϊ´һܣս
ѾʲôæˣֻϣϱֳĬ˵ʲô鷳
ֻ˺ⲻ֪Щ󲿷ֵ飬ڹҲ
-

436ĸ׾ɱ

´ھʱ򣬻ش𾯲Զֻһ仰ףɱģһȥˣûйϵ
ǵʵʱ´ȴѡ˳Ĭ
ܴ֪ʲôж˵
ѾȥܾˣҪ˵Ķˣпܸҵ©
Ǿƫƫ̬ûа취ĬҲȨ
ʱúܿ죬һգ۾͹ȥˡ
ȻףˣǾûɱ˵ʵ֤ݣѾ˵Ĺעʱ䵽Ҳֻܷˡ
´ųһ죬ףҲȥˡ
һ쾯ſΧŵȻ࣬Ҳ
⿪´ϵ˳ȥ
´һ·ĺ룬ֻûϴ°˲ٺӡ
վſڱԼף覣´ЦЦ
˳쳯˹ȥվǰֻǿ˵
ף覿Ŵ󵨵ԼˣûΪųƫŭ
˾ôţƽļҪΧ˻ɣǵǲǳˡ
˺ԼĸվھſڲԸߣ߹ȥе֣Ȼȥɣүүڼء
Ȼ´ͻȻٴЦ˳
ûԼ˺⣬Ƕף˵廹ϲǰӡضŶЦͺĸ״ǰһ
˵ЩȻΪ˴̼ǰŮˡ
ףȴЦЦҺСʱĸ׾͸߹һ仰
´üŶԸꡣ
˵ϵȷЩΪòű仵Щ˲Ǻ仵ģͻͷǻģѪҲġ
´ĬؿףЦ壬㲢ΪòűһˡǺߣͻҲԵ˽ӵͷԲԣ
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ȴǰϬ˲١
ף˵Ҳ֤ݣҲ㡣㾯ˣҲŹ㡣һΪ鸶ۡ
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úӣרܵңΪ˺˵Щûһôķϻ𣿡
ףѾɱˣô겻ҲƽƽĹˡ
˶϶ĸɱģƾһָؾҪף覻̫ˡ
ף˵ֻΪ˺˵仰뿴ܹαʲôľ硣
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ҾͶĶ࣬Ҳ˶ף覶´ָء´ôһ˵Ҹףϲô޹
ף覺̼ìȣףָ´ɱںҲԿףΪ˺̼Ҷֳġ
´˵Ժ˺ͣһԵĳף覰յĿУ뿪˾֡
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һԭڱѸٷڷ͵İӣ´ųԺ󣬷·һµ˹ȵףͻȻ
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ˣû˻Ϊף覵ʹʹ
˲ǣµܺ߱ף覣ȻҲһһͷͿ̩۳ҲûΪֹ
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ԽԼŮ򵥣Ūʲôֻף
ʱһգ۾졣
⼸ף覺̼ҵìܣҵĹע㷴Ƶһȥ
⼸һŮˣƯֶ𣬽к̶ͱǵϰףСҪһЩ˵ףСԶı㡣
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ףСϳô£ףұҵ˲ģͺµĺ̶
¶ǴػƵ˵ģһʮʮ٣Ҳˡ
ȴ̶Ǳ۵ĸ߽ߵͦ
ÿ纫̶һҪȥ߽ϵһǱۣϰСʱ뿪
̶˳Ư˵һ졣˵ϲ
ô˵Ǳˣ߽϶ú̶ԼкøС
촦飬ף覾ȥ߽ϵĵҺ̶ˡ
̶һ˳ȥ
ûؼ𣿡̶ʵ
߽һʰ̯棬һĵذŶ˵ݡ
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437ô

ף覵ͷ쿵̩۳ʣҪȥ㣬С̷绹绰Ϣ۳ԺҲöһˡ
߽º棬Ҫʲô飿
̶ɫʱ˲٣ͷ˵Ҳȥ
߽һɫԣ֪ף覸ղ˵ĲǼ¡
ף˵С̷绰Ѿ˵ˣԺ͵ûȥҪǲȥǣ㲻ġ
߽ϵĶ⣬ɾ˵ʲôһߺһҪסԼ˵ע⡣
ĥú̶Լ˵˵¶ʱС͹˵Ѿͣ·ߣˡ
ףûǰ󹦷򣬽Ϻ̶һ뿪ˡ
˳ȷûڱ߿ţ̶ԭĶׯʱͱˡ
һףʵףС㣬⼸Ǹ·ȥԺǱ۵ģڸ߽ǰôһϷҪѽ
ף覸Ī˵ųߣû㡣
̶üϣף覸ͽ͵ģôԽԽͿأ
ף覿һۣ˵һϷͲչˡ
̶㶣չ˼ǲҪˣ
⼸ǵһСԴҪԼǸˡ
ҪⳡϷе᲻á
̶ʵʲôϷ
ף˵Ϸ
Ѿôã߽ҧҧͿˡ
ĵһҽһҵϨˡ߽ҪӣͿԶһӰҡҡλεĳ˹
һ˲Ǻ̶˭
̶·ȣһֻյľƿһľζһǺȶˡ
߽ϣ̶µһ˵ϡ
߽һ㶣Ǹʲô
Ӧ̶Ѿ߽ϣҲȥ˵Ҹô죿
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Ĵûˣ׳ŵӷź̶߽˵
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߽ϲĿԼǰŮˣƾͷ̶ֻ˵ġ뵽ôһƯŮˣҪ޸һʲôҲϹӣһգƫƫ޿κΡ
߽˵ҲֻһСˣҪ㣬Ҳû취
̶ˣ޵ĸǱԺʶΨһѣҲҸôѽ
ڸ߽ϵĻ˫Ĵؿڣµ
߽ϿһۣæѺ̶˻
ԭǰ˵飬ѹ̶ֺʱɫôѿ
ͻˣôأ
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ĺ̶˼̶֣ûзӦ
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߽ϵ彩Ӳ˺һӡ
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ʱһٷܶüʮꡣĸ˲Ҫͣ
ͬʱĵ㷲
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ҶӢףǽûϣûҶҴԭĵطߣЩûڱ㡣
ҶףҲ̶ף覵ı㣬ԺҪǰ鶶ȥһҲ㡣
߽˼룬ȲõĻᣬֺԺҪеΡ
ЩСǲͱȥҲˣǵҪһ㣬˾͵ȥˡ
ĴѾһˣҪ̤һδؾܳеġ
һǣСվߵʵػƣףС𣿡
شףС˵ˣѹסġһܷһΣͻ᷸ڶΡף覡ţǾ͵ȵȿ
ã߽ϿԼĺ̶һҧ¶˾ģ˱˺ķ䡣
ЩǧС㣬¶ҲҰͱȥ
ҶӢǸ
ͺ̶֮췹һǲͬȥȢ̶ôҲ˯ĴС㣬Ҳռ˸ˡ
ô붼ѽ
Ӻסӣ߽ϰ˷ŵԺתߣѸٰ߻ӡ
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438ôп

ڴĺ̶߽ϺＱĽ⿪ԼĿ
˯ǧС㣬ⱲҲˡ
߽ԼºͿӣת̶ѹ
˭֪ûˣûռűأ̶Ȼ˫ۡ
߽һ㶣
ʱ̶ͻȻе˰
߽ϴһ±߽ȥ죬ȴ̶ҧһڡ
߽ϳʹջԼ֣һŴѪӡ̶ûƿ˳ȥ
߽ӶûܴϣſӾȥ׷ֻ˻ûܵſڣͽסˡ
̶ụ̂ܳغСһ˫۾Ǵӡ
һԿףȻղС⴮Կ״ġ
߽һ㶣㣬ǡ
ûʲô˲ļֵҪΪԼˡ
ۿ˵߽ϣ㻹Ǹ߷ֻҪǸòõŮˣ㶼Ź
ƽʱźͺһˣ˽ﾹȻҲô
߽ˣǺϻң
ʲôʲôҪȼ޸һϹӣȫǱƭİϷ
⺫̶˭
Сĵ˵ҪǰôһϷô֪ôĵأ
̶ҲĿŸ߽ϣ֪ףСΪʲôҪһϷˡ
ۿ˵֮ǰͲ㲻ԾףС˼һԹȻԳˣ
߽ϵͷһԼѣһһ
£Ǳץסˣھǰϵ⣬׸
߽ʵô
ôףСǸˬˣֻӽ쿪ʼ뿪
˵ţŵİóһļŵһԵϡ
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һߣȴֺ»ҵɡ
ҳ˵ǰͷҪԼߣǲΪ㡣ҪǲԸߣڱʲôֽţǻֱͽ֡һѡãӦ
߽ϿŰԼǰǷݺͬ˵
Ҫϳǡ
뿪ȥһط¿ʼô򵥣
ҪߣҲֲʲôˡ
ǩؿ뷨߽ϣɺúףСû㵢ʱܲãҪҿɲ֤Ժܳ
ֽĺ̶˵ΪΪʲôҪǰΪǵֻ֤Ҫ֤ڣǾε
߽ϵɫһףоԼֽűġ
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СתԺ̶˵߰ɡ
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֮ǰѵߣ۳ļʽԺҲϣףСٿ㡣
˶߹⣬߽ϵһͨһˤ˵ϡ
Ȼȭͷݺݵش˼µذ壬ûڲѡ
ôûסأôڱǰĴأڱûָѽ
̶С뿪˳ЩʵСҵˡҪغ𣿡
Сסͣʱ䣬̶סף覸ŵĵط
С˵ÿףСİŰɣ
ó̶Щ᲻ڵ˭˭ѽ
Сһ˭˲񫣿
ٺõҲҪѵġ
̶᲻ЩѵʶԼܸõԼԭ
Сοʣ㵹ǿԲôżȥǲү͹ˣүҲȥ
̶ĵһϲ𣿡
СͷôΪףС£ҪҲúףСɡ㵱ףС˵£Ҳ١
̶ϲãһףС˵
ߺ뿪ûв٣̶ҲҪ١
ƺֻҪ뿪ͲǸ糾ŮͿٶ൱һĺС㡣
СӺӾ￴һۣĵ׶ֲ˼ͬ顣
ǰûףС̶²ԼôʧõˣԺһӶ᲻Լˡ
ɾٲģҲȶôпᡣ
-

439˵Ƚ

쿵̩۳ʽʡ
ףһʰԼױݣȥ˹ҵ·
ɽ˵Ҫһȥף覸ܾˡ
ǵף̩۳ʱȴַѾˡ
ף³ʱһ㶣߹ȥʵǸ˵Լô
֣ȳŵģôǱأ
˵ΪͶʵĴɶҾҺбҪμһ۳ļʽɲΪ˺һ˽ġ
󲹳һ仰д˵ĺۼף覿ЦЦֱ߽۳
˸ûһ˽е磬ȵȡ
ףһŤͷȥ
ʢװС٣ԼͷС˹
СһۣСٽ촩һĵķۺɫȹϵװƷҲҫĲУһͷҪǹף覽˹
СüͷȻҲ֪ʲôǴҹķ緶֪ҹԲСֱķ緶
ף覿ǰŮۣɫ֮Լ͸ֲá
С㣡ף䵭һ䣬롣
һô£СҲǹִŵġϣСٵֶβ
ʵôˣ
С˵磬⼸˵ԼæҾʹһæʲô˵ʣҹո֣Ϊ㶼Ѿˣ㲻Ҳưɣ
СһüҶҪȥˡ
ֻǴո֣αشô£ǴֵˣҪףСķͷ
СѾǺüˣǳ˵һȥ췼Է⣬⼸ıӰû
˺üλ˵ԼҪϢҲֻ˵æ鲻ʱ䡣
С֪ǳ鲻ʱ䣿ܿҵһڰˡ
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ף覲ϲƫҪףǰ֣ףʱʱԼôһˡ
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ģٷѾҲҪŬһѾˣԲܾʹ˰֡
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ף˵㿴ǸѣôҲӦúҶĳ߶òǺǷⶼͷˡ
СϽסЦףͻȻʲôƵģͬЦӯӯ˵Сɱᣬⲻ˼˵ҿأֻ˵Ƚ㣬뵽ʲô˵ʲôˡ
СЦȴǱף覵ĻŪһЦ˳
֮֮
С˵㣬ףС㵱ȻҲһ¡
˭Сȿʼأ
ףѾСˣŮֻҪǰű͸ҵСٵ
ѾôʹˣƾʲôҪűˣ
û뵽һֱֵúº͵ף覣ͻȻôǺСһ¡
С￴һ̧ۣͷף˵˵⳧ӸͶ˲Ǯˡ
СٵĻżʮֿף覡ף覿İĲڱЩɾͣҲһְѪΪ
ף˭˵ģ
֮飬Ӧûл֪ŶԡСǴЩģ
СٲףΪԼĶ̴űý⣬֮кܿͶֵ⡣
ҵģףСҲҪò˼ôĳǰʱ򣬸Ҳûٰæûʲôġ
Сⷬ˵С䲻ϲĻڿοףС㣬ʵ˵ףСܣҪүİ
ֹСٻᵽ飬ҪףСǰԽҵǰǶôҪá
СڸҶ϶ˣСپҲġ
СٲҪŭף覣ףȴЦҲöȫңҲڵĹ⾰ԸôǮĽ𣿻Ǽ
СеĵʱӦԵ̬ɢ˴룬ףΪʲôһҲ
ף覾ؿȴСٽıݡ
ŲΪŮ˵ļ仰Լȥ
Ѿǰȷı̬ˡ˵ϲС١Сھ˵ٶ࣬ҲһڳϷ
ߵʲôʱӭϹĻһ䣿
ƫƫСʶһ㣬һ˵ĶϷĻͦġ
ȻСԸ⳪Լ͸һ̨һ˺úóСܰϷݵʲô硣
СڨЦףСһ㶼Ϊ𣿴ǰһҶΪı´úܡȴæһΪףСúܶˣ
ף覷˸ۣ㶼һᶪˣ˵ǰĻⲻ̶
СٵĺϷݲȥˣͿʼ¶Լı⣬ֱ׵õ
ף˫ֻ˵˵ʵһһҲöˡ
Сһ㶣Ŀ
װİɣ
һװġ
ΪԼĵԵһ㣬ף覲Źô˵ףôôܾòأ
ףȴȻ˵ŮǿҲԼ¡˵ҪǹֺǿĸʲôһԸôҰңĵײ֪пġôöأ
˵⻰ʱף覵ڵѪ
Сǲ֪Ϊɣٵĺֳɡ
ܰռˣ
ﾫﾫġ
СǰϷ̨ҲҪãܿˡ
뵽֮ǰΪ˳ӵԼʣǷСŮ˵Ľ̬΢ɲ
Ϊʲô˵Ӣѹ˹أ
Ϊʲô˵ֲֵָ᣿
ΪǵŮ˽̬ʵ̫ϲˣֻҪף覶ʲôԸ
ȻĺҪġ
-

440³԰

ʱشӿ̩۳߳ŴʵվʽͿҪʼˣ涼׼ˣǲȥ𣿡
ظղԶͷǼ֮е֣߹һյġ
ףЦͽȥˣ磬һ߰ɡ
ͷ֣߽۳
ףֻͷ贶СҸλǸĹ͡λҪǲۣϹһĴ硣
СҪĵط֣С١
һеڵġǿɲһСٷĵط
ףŤͷСһۣס
Ƕཻѣһһ仰׶෽ʲô˼һСٰһǡλá
ʽ̲Ƕһ˵ȴʮҪһʽΪʽԺ۳Ϳʽˡ
ǰѾźÿ˵λǰŵǴģףЩǰ˼ͷβӣƴĳдż˵ֵӡ
ŵϵʣǸԱǰŵλá
ף߹ȥһܵ䡢ֻЩﶼѾˡ
һĨǳǳЦݣ߹ȥ˸к
ף覰Ǹε˵ʵǲ˼ˣȻǵҡ
ܵЦŰףԲǽǣһ㣬ѹ𣿡
ף覵ĹϵܵһʯѲʱֵĲҲף覱ȽչһЩĳϣףԲ仰˵Ǹ֮͡
һЦһǰ
һŵλǹ̶ģǶԺСپûλˣֻһڶš
ף覸ղŶĻص˰һӹСٺͬһš
ظСټϵλãмֻˣǡǸгݺҩֳ֣СҪڨû˻ᡣ
˭ڼʽϸ˶һ˺Ҳ̫ˣ̫ûˡ
Ϊ˿һ㣬ÿŶֻλ߸СٶһλãСԵøͻأ
СٷλǶôΣ΢ЦžܾҪһŰɡ
ѹļǿڵһŵλϣЦе˵ôУСصףСļʽǿףС㣬ôأҲ̫òˣ
Сٽһô£ǰ¶¶Բ滨˼ʱܣûš
СϵЦݳһ˿ѷ죬ѹֻûÿһë׶ޱȲڡڵǲòڹԼ鷳
λʵǿ˵ƤںŵЩԱܿ춼׷Сٵݡ
ǶǳԱȻҲʶԼϰ塣
ף覺Ƕüˣû˵Ҳ졣
СͻȻðˣǾ;Щ֡
Сٴɻ󣬾ͱʮڱۣоԼϺлգĵ׶ף覵ֶ˼֡
ף覵ģȻµĥԼ
СٰףԺñȥף˵ʱ
ְСע⵽
һޱȾ£ʵλС˭ҵĹôǰûм
ڱǴ˼꣬Ա˼ҵĹٶЩӡͻȻһףЩ⡣
ǰǸҩֳӣС㶣ЩнĴҽС١
ȻҩֳõʻеСתһ룬־뵽Щûףʲô£һںæ
ףֻһŮˣŲףı¡
Сٲ뵽Щ˶ٺףЩ飬ȫףƾԼĸ˹ϵġ
ΪһͶߣϣ޳ܵûгһֻǹĻΪ˺ףһ
ǿף覣ףڰѪԲ뵽ף覵ı£㲻ҲڱǴԼһƬ죬ֻҪʱ䣬ȴǰһѡ
Ĵڣһٹ̣ŬǵÿԼ
ֳ˼Ƭ̣ü˵˵ʲôҰ
ڱǣû˵Ĵ󻧡
ݱĻҲŵ˵ͷ
ףԣЦξֳû˵֣ģѡ
ܵһ
²;үйϵҲ;үһףСͶ˲Ǯɡ֪Сռ˶ٹɣ
ǰŵˣҪְһųĴɷݡСٱǰţô£ܵĲ²һҲ֡
ͶǮˣڱһ򵥡⿴ֻһ򵥵⣬ȴҲһζСǳ̽
ף覵۵׸ֳǳǳЦ⡣
СٲҪǰ¶ôĻˡ
СĲ²˺죬¶̬˼˵ҡڳûйɷݡ
ûйɷݣ
¶棬ƺǲĻ
ŵһԱѶļģ͵ǽС˵ûйɷݣϵ鶼Լͬı˱䡣
ûйɷݣҲǱǵˣҲ˼ǰ棿
ô֦չҪڼʽϹ˭
ܵջͶСϵĿ⣬ףʵףС㣬𣿡
ףЦŴСרŴģ˵ǿ̩۳ʣһʹùˡղſʹһˡϲ֣Ҿصذǰŵλø
仰صϢ̫࣬ǰŵļǾˣһף覻ﻰ˼
СרŴġ
һʹù֡԰ڣˡ
ղҡſǲʹһˡ
ϲ֣Ҿ͡صذšǰŵλøҲ棩
ݿСһۣȻûе˵ʲôҲ̲ס΢΢ҡҡͷ
ף覸ǰŵλãСٵĶôһǶԼֲ֪֪֮ǳصˡ
ٿСһҫ۵Ĵ磬ʱҲôô˳ۡ
ͲǽǣôۡⲻҪףСͷ
һˣûͶǮǰţ治֪ףСĳ԰ʲôҲףС˺ãŻô
ȴף覵ġ
Сٵһһף覻ûֻ֣Ǽ򵥵İһλȥˡ
-

441

Сλձ뿪뷨һ뵽ף覶￴ЦӣСǿԼλߡҪˣԺףǰô̧ͷ
ף覾Ҫܵģⰲλøʱߡ
СǿԼȴûֻЦ˿
ף۽ǵƳһۣҧ˵֮ǰܰﻤô˵˵Ҳһ˿ôΡ
ף覣ޱֲΪҰ˵ġ
ףգգ۾ǵǡ

ΪڿͻСҲ̫ľүˡ
̨Եأ˵һѶԿ̩۳δϣԼһЩĶ˵Ļ͵˼ʵĻڡ
һ񻨵ĺΰӭŮͷǣţС㣬ÿ˶һźɫվڼ˵
ף覶ݵ˵롣
Ⱥվ˹ȥ
ڵһֻʣСһˡ
һֱĴûΣֻиΡ
Ҵ׼˺񡣵ȵ굹ʱһǲһ˺̨һƬף覰ϵһ񻨺ͼһŻϣŴһơ
ףԽת˵ʮָлǵĵǵĵÿ̩ԡ
ЦףСòǫ顣֮ǰѾôˣε۳Ҳȥ֧˲Ӧõġ
ףݸһЦǰȻϯҲǱʾһֺ֧Ϳ϶
ݸ̾Ҫܶ༸ףС˲ţһԽԽʢ
ףҡͷ˵ޡ
йϲǫˣףʵǿȴǲǫˣϲ
ݿף覣ֶ͡
ףͶ˻飬ҪԼֶܸʶʶҪܳΪǼҵˣȻһݲС
ףʵ︱г֪ǽûʱԶٱ㷹
ݰ˰֣ҾͲˣ๫ҪΪĹͣԲܺݶ͡
ף֪Լûʸݵг̣ϧ︱гҪ£ҾͲгˡľΪıǱҡ
⻰˳ת٩ү㿴ףС죬˵
˫ֲڿڴ˵ǰ̫ʱҶ粻Ǽʲô鶼ף覵ҡ
һЦ˭֪ô˵ʵǳʲô鶼ԸƽϰˡʱҪ̫ƽϣԵԼûзȡ
һЦһ䡮ǼҡȴСٳͶȥ˱Ŀ⡣
һһзȤĬʲôףΪ׼Ȼʾף֮ϵܡ
СѾЦ⣬۵׻Լ͸ּ֮ɫ
ݲ۳Ҳܿ뿪ˣֻгܵ˸ʱף覽һ˽̸
㱨飬Ƕ˵ˡû뵽ѡʱʡ
ףô鴫ʱЩûвԾģ˭뵽ĸ׻̼ҵ˺أ
ף観һۣԼѡʱʲôԣֵծҪ֣ǸǮҲҪûǮҪΪĸױ𶼲
ֻѡʱùŸܸ̼ɽȸС
ҾǱſϷ̬Ҳ̼ҽǵĵӡ
ܵ俴һۣĨһص˵ף覣ҹֻΪ˲μļʽһҪһ滰ң֮ǰµǲģ
ǰҵûйЩΪ˴˵⣬ҲųһЩϢٻ˵Ʒơ
ף覺̼ìܣ۳̼֮ľ͸ˡ
ڳܵ俴ף̫ˣһвСܵԼò׼ףĵʲô
ŮʵС
̼ҵ־ϵף覹ⱨ̼ˮҲûпܡףѡʱʣ͸ӻˡ
֮ûк︱гһ뿪Ҫ١
ףʵ¾ֳ˵ѣ
ܵ۾͸ž⣬ϵϽǺ£ֶοɾͲˡ
ף覱һֿʹ绰ȥʹˡһף覱ᵽȥĸס
ҪǼٵģף覾Լȥĸ׵¡ֶ̫ˡ
-

442֤

ܵһֻɣͬʱҲһѡ
ף覱˵´ɱ˵Ǽٵģ⵹̼ҵһֶΣһ˷֣ڱǼпѣ֮ǰЩɾȫˡ
ʱ򲻹ǿ̩۳ﲻµҵпΪǮ
ܶٲҪҪǱŲš
˶϶ģף覹´Ҳġ
˵ǺڰҲãնҲգˡ
֪Լףס
ܵ¾ףʵ顣
鶼Ѿȥˣ˵һ˲С⣬ڱҲûһ˿
Ͼôǰİӣص֤֤ûУܵ䶼Ҫʯˡ
˭ȽȥҪһ࣬︱гξֳ֮ǰҲܿף覣ǽʽԺͣûһԷ
Ժкܳ·Ҫߣ»̯һãԼҪ˾סѱȥ
ǽ֮ԻҲǿף覴ǰϣĿҵʽ̫ѿˡ
ܵܺף˵ôѾѵˡصף覣ҲǿڵʯķϣҲεĻˮ
˶֪һ̫ߣϵ˾ҪΣˡ
ף覾ǰԼŵһߴϡ
ףԺȴЦʵ¾ֳ֮ûдǰĽ飬ҽ´ɱˣ𣿡
ܵ˵Ȼš
ףʣΪʲôţ
ܵоݵ˵̼ڱ꣬Ȼϼѣ´Ŀڱ㲻ôڰ˵ɱˣҵȻš
ף覽ʵҸɱ˵֤أ
ܵһ㶣漴¶˾Ŀ⡣
֣ܵصףС㣬Լ˵ĻҲֻƬ֮ʣ㲻֤
ף˵ֻҸ֤ݣ˵Ļ𣿡
ܵһĬ
ֻǺڰָر˶ᵱǷӣף֤ݣҪˡ
ܵ˵ȻҲỳɣȫš
Ϊף˵֤ȥɱָأף覰֤óҿ
ܵ˶٣˵̼ҽãһȥ̼һࡣ
ףݸһЦг˵Ǿ͹ˡֻҪ֪֤ݣ͹ˡ
ܵ仳ɵ֤ݣ
ף֤ݣΪʲôô첻ھֵʱΪʲôֲóʵ´ĲڻԼ
֤Ǹõֵģûüȥ
ֻ֤ݣи;
̫뷨ӿϳܵͷһʱҲò׼ף覵Ҫʲôˡ
ף覴յܵߵ˵֤֤ҶСҼȻ˾û´ң⡣лл¾ֳĹػĵ׼
ܵ俴˿Цţĵ㡣
ʲôû˵ת뿪ˡ
˳󣬳ܵʵֳǾôˣףСʲô𣿡
ף覺´ڱֵ÷зҶ١
Ծֳף覵Ĺϵ飬ܳԲ˿Ϊʲôֳôأ
ܵں˵˼²͸ġ
鲻мҿҲǸŮˣô
ָܵ˵ŮˣһҪŮ˵ϳԿҿ̼ܲˡ
ף覵˼ʵ̫ԺڱǸˣɲףΪС򻹲֪ʲôʱᱻף覵ʲôֶθƽȥ
鲻ʵ¾ֳΪʲôô˵
ܵ۾˵ղҺʱ˵´ɱ˵֤ݡ
֤ݣ
һôԶİӣףС㾹Ȼҳ֤Ҳ̫ˣ
ԭֳ뿪ĵѾˡ
׷ʵףС֤𣿡
ܵ˵Ҷף覵˽һ˵󻰵ˣ˵£һʮȫİա֤ݣˡ
ʵ̼Ժô죿
ܵߵ̼ҵʲôϵҪԹͱ¡£ͱץסѱ̼ԼЩ£ǻá
̼Щ˱ûʲô飬̼ҰˣҲûйϵܵŲԼȥвǸġ
ⷴף覺̼ҵĽǻҧȥ
̧ܵͷԼһۣף覺̼ҵ飬ɱ֡Ҫй¶ȥˣҲͱҸˡ
Ӧֳģĵס
ųܵô꣬ʲô˵ʲô²˵ĵ塣
-

443黹黹

ͳܵ뿪Ժף¼ͼĹ˻졣
СٸղһֱҲʲô˵ڻˣߵߡ
硣СеĽе
Ŀһۣ˸ͷʾˡ
Լ̬䵭СٵϵЦݽӲƬ̡
ףں͹̸ͬʱƳСһ𤵽ȥɫ΢ɲĳ˳
Ů˻ûûˡ
ɲ֤Լܱĵ֮ꡣ
ؿһۣǶѣغϤף覵仯ףһϸ΢ı֪ʱףѾˡ
˳ף覵Ŀ⿴˺޲ϵСһۣĵ׶ķҲŨࡣ
˵С֮ǰף観Ժһ죬ܵȥˡȻ֮СٱףҵĳˣĲҲѾ
С֮ǰЩ£ף覶СѾǺܿˡԭΪһССĽѵŮڿŮ˸ǲײĲᡣ
ֲ˭ˣһˡ
ɫ˳ֻϣСٲҪף覵ĵߡ
˽ף覣ֻҪ̵ķΧڣ֮ĸ
㲻֪Ǹе񾭣֮Ͳ㽲꣬һܽˡ
ףҪǳ֣ضҲûз֮ղɡ
ĳ˵ףǸˡ
ڵСپף覵ĵΧֻ̽ǻûǿѡ
ʱغȻվȺĺ̶
ʱףͶȥһĿ⣬Ҫӽֺ񲻸ҡ
صͷһЦ̶˹ȥ
ػƣسԼ߹ˣ̶Щܳ
ؿھһθл֮ʣʱæ˳ĳ˸߽صĻ
̶ĿŪһ㶣˼˵ҲǵİŰ¶ѡ
ؿһۣ²ףСİɡ
캫̶ˣȴûߣ췴ȻЩ᲻뿪ֻ˵ıȽί񣬲˵֡
̶֪ԼһҪ뿪Щĵ˵ͷ
һ߾صĴһۿ͸˼һ˵ףС㵱кߣæ
̶֪ԼʲôݣҴף̸⣬һֱŲǰ
ػͷףһۣʽսףСһͲæˡԵһһ͹ˡ
̶ǸСҴźҪף覡ףһף覵𣬺̶Ѿܿˡ
ؿһŵĴӣʵʲôףС
̶Щ˼˵֮ǰףСõΧףСòʲôһ뻹
˵ţӵֽ˽ƺмֲ˼
̶Щٵ˵Ѿϴɾˣ
һеģǱƲ𣬱˸ùĶǻࡣ
̶ص˵Ѿϴɾˣ¶Է
ؽӹĴӣ򿪿һۡ
Χȷף֮ǰùġ
صѵҿףСЩķһʱ򣬱˵̫ûõлϲ
̶һ㶣ĵʮָлضԼ㣬һף˵ʱס
ף˾ԺûлʲôˣǸԷһӡȽϺáԺףСԺʲôʱҲııԼˣ
ܿ죬̶ʵ첻Ǽôϲ£ףСô᲻أ
ô࣬Ӧø˵ľףС˰ɣ
سǱһ񣬡үߵǸŮûǸ˽С٣үѡ
̶һۣСٵÿһ̬ڼذŪŮ˵ķ顣
Ǹһеˣһ۾ܿ
̶˵λСԾүе˼
һֹе˼СپͲдϲ˭ˡ
̶ɵףСֶΣôԸһŮˣ
Ӹ߽ϵϣǼʶף覵ıˣˣôΪһŮ˶أ
üСٵֳ;үкĽ飬СûĿŵʲôԭµ£ףСҪ֣ҲҪִ硣
ڵˣûĶֻҪѶԸ
Сپƾ飬һֱߡףҲʹֶΡ
ְΧ̶Χǰͳȥ黹ã˵ǲǣ
-

444Сô

̶һתŤͷأ˲˼
ػΪʲôΧô๩̲ᣬԼ˵ֻΪԼһСæ
ȻǣΪС֮ûʲô飡
ףС㲻Լ֣ΪףС;ү֮䶩˻飬ǽǳ¡ȻҪ飬ôһ壬үǷ飬͵ͬףСǷġ
ףС㲻ó飬ð𣿱ĴˣСүԶһҲʲô¡
̶һЦػ˵Ķԡ
Ҳ¶º͵Цݡ
Ů˺ܴܶÿɫ
̶ƣػǸһֵĻᡣ
ĺãףС࿴һֻۡҪܱס˵ֻ׬
̧ĺ̶ļ򣬸СٵڱǴܾãӰ첻ʲô
֮⣬̶ҪʲôԷȥСҲڱǱ
ǡСҲʶȥԸС٣ʲ
̶˶񣬳С˹ȥ
ЦЦתףߡ
ף͹죬ػˣףתʵղȥĶˣ
ʼ磬һ̫ƽӣȥͺ̶˵˼仰
ףɻʲôʱģ
˵͸ղŵ飬ȵȵȡ
ף覵ͷûգһȥɡ
ǱߣСףϾеԼ˵
磬˵Ѿ뿪ܾˡ
ʱףǱ͵ۣһûһ˵Ҳֻаѡ
СЩĵʵѾˣңⶼ겻ȥܣҲ³⡣
ȻûлǱߵ⣬һֱÿɿտʲô紵ݶһһʱ֪㲻õġ
С˵гһʱҲûҪȥ˼ʵ磬ǴԺ󳤾ӱ𣿡
⻰˼̽ζ
ԺĴڱǣִ󲿷ʱ䶼֮飬ûʲôָˡ
ҪǵҸڱҲһǲɡãõϣҪڱǡ
Сٽ̽̽Ŀڷ磬ԺİҲиο
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445˵

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447˦

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448¾үĽ

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450ҿԸ

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ССȻ˲죬ϾֵܣֵܵСЩΪѵĻͷףһۡ
ףС㣬ҪȥС˵һ߰ɣ
ô䣬ҲÿСһֱڽϴ硣
ףĮĿǰ˵ãŵʱ͹ˣ䡣
СĬĬף覶Ѿô˵ˣҲ³ȥС壬ֻܿˡ
ף覵ľҲС֣ĺǰһˡ
ǰףȻҲ˾û취飬ַĥˡ
ףСбķС뿪ȴƫƫѡ취Сһ֡ҲҪСܿࡣ
֪ʲôף覷ת䣬ĸоף覵˼ȴǰҲˡ
С˵ף覵תǺǻԿ϶ף覣ȴǰѱ˴򵽡ĸǿˡ
Сڳվ˺һӣСκζҲʼûһ
ССС˼
СͷܿСߣһ仰Ҳ˵
С֪Ǻף覲ԼнżĿʼĳӵǣǳ˾ǲ
ΧΧС˵˺Щڵȳϵǳȴһֱûж
죬ҸСһûжͿʼɢȥˡ
СʮԺΧʵ̫ˣû˿ֵ˼ܿɢֻʣˡ
û˱˵СһվڽϺף覵ĳţԵùġ
ٹһ˶ߵ
С嵱·Ҫһף˵ףôգ涼Ҫô˵
ף˫˵ʵҡ
СʵףСʲôˣ
ף˵֪ϢҶӢҲŻңҸǰ顣
ףСΪʲôСһأ
ףСĵ֪ССһô
ףĮ˵Ϊֵá
ŤͷŴпʼѩ̵ĳǺõģΪ˰Ҳ͸¶ǸܣҲᷣһΣҵϢֻΪ˸档
Сĳǻģֻ˺¶ѡ
ĺ²ԭСĴ
˶ԸѾҸĶˣҪҸܡ
ףĵѾ⣬СôңҲıԼ˼Ǹִܹˡ
ʱСͻȻƹͷ˴ߣĴų
ף覱һʶԱһ㣬ײĻ
ֱۻüСһۡ
Сų˵ףС㣬֪üٸһλɣһٱˣ
뿪Ժֹ˴ǰ£òǮ
ףǺõˣʵǺˡ
ںˣڼˡ
ֻҪٻصǰĹĸڱĵطҵˡ
Сſף͸һۡ
СڿԼˣæ˵ףС㣬㣬һλɡ
ףȴֻƽʲôû˵
ףС㣬ʲôģҿԸ£ֻҪٸһᣡ
Сֶͨ죬ÿ˵һ仰Ҫһ
ȻȻڳĳųţҪף覴ӳ
ף覵ü
һĻ᲻ѣ˵ǹָô򵥡
ǣȥԭ¡
½С壬Ժߵÿһ˶бĻᣬԺ󣬻ܵõһεĻᡣ
һȥԺͻջ޾Ķ
ףջԼߣŤͷС˵
Ѿû·мˣڲߣʲôʱ
-

451ʲô

СһţӾͿ˳ȥСһ˹ԭ˺üβ
㵵ؿ뿪ĳӣֱʧڽֵľͷ
شС嶳һ£ӵ۵׽һɺ⡣
ðף覾Ȼôġ
ǷһССĴȻ;š
ף˵ǵͷ飬ڽϸף覹ˣȻҲϡ˭ûзףڶôС𣿴˴үү
СԼŪ·תһȥ
ټıǣͲųף覣ûбܰԼ
ú̼ҵĴű졣
Ӷ˿ţСվ˵´
Ӷ˶Ƭ̣ʵͨ˿еǱԥҪҪȥ
룬Ӷ˵ڣ´ɡ
Ӷ˵ҪţСһֻסС£ôزϡ
Сһ˵֮ǰѾˣ´ڼòĻѻƭҡ
Ӷ˶ʱһ飬С岻ƭҲǣû˵ٻƭǸĿڵҲ˭ܼġ
С˵ף覵̸
Ӷһ㶣ף覸̼˲鷳̼ھǾԵĽɡ˭ҪһٳԼҪĲС
˿ƽƽ棬ʲôͷ
ӶһΪСǣ˽ȥ
Сͼ´ڿ￴ֽ
Сǰʱ侭ףһ£´ϵ̧ͷЦеʵףģ
ǰ´ǰʾºҲˣھԼ˵£´ҲʼձЦе̬ȣʵһ˾ëȻ顣
ֻҪǺףйص飬;úܸȤ
СףŵˣҲףڻЩʲôʲôϢԼ
´ЦСúܲС幣Ų˵ҲΪף覰µģѾϾϵˡ
´Цʲô
Сǰһ˵׼Ժ̼Ұ£ֻҪ㹻ǮҾͿ԰ף覵һһ
´ϵЦݸͶϵģ
ǰף覰µˣͶ̼ң¶е˼
С˵̼ұףˮڰҲװɣ쿵̩۳ʣҿٿͻȥף߶һ˫۾ʱ֪ף覵Ķ򣬶Ҳ𣿡
С岻ƼԼ´ıֽ˫ִϿСʵһף覶õˣΪʲôҪ㣿
СɫһףͻȻʹ㣬ֻʵĽ͵˭˵ף覲ˣԼģףûйϵ
´ʵ㵹˵˵ףôãΪʲôܵ
ף覶˵Ĵ󷽳̶ȣǶвķ
ͨ͸ײԼУԴߵ˶Ĺ
ͷãԺ϶вĻرôõһ˭ҲҪ뿪
С۰Ͱ͵̼ܵΪ̼ǰ;ʲôԭ
СȻԣҲһʵĽڡ
´˵˽ף覣ǸˣֻҪߵˣͺӴҲһȥ
ۣСЦ㴥ĵߣߡӦǱϳİɣ
첻ȥˣ˷룬ҪͶ̼ң̼Ұ£С嵱̼õĵط
ף覾֮õˣ̼ΪʲôҪã
´ʵף覲Ҫ㣬Ϊң
ΪңС廹Ǹ
˶֪һβҰٴβõĵҲѵףҪߡ
´ķ⣬Сϲ԰׵Ŀһ˿Ѫɫ
һΪѾ´͸ˣҵ飬Ҳ´˳
˿򵥵˵Цеģ˼һ㶼ǳ
·ϣֻҪͶף覵ͷӮף覣ڵûиԼȴ´ҲͺףһǸˣúŪ
˭ʡ͵ĵƣһ߸ϣһʮ˸ơЩǰŪ
Сĵױһ´ԼΪĵǲޣһִԭĲҰױǵͨ졣
ҲǷһССĴף覾;ŲţҪң֪ұµ˿Ҫҡ˵ףһϣҾͲҲĳ·
ŵ´˼Ȥ
´Цʲô£
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452±¶

УС֪ԼĻᣬæ˵Ҵǰף覵ֵ£û˱Ҹ˽·Ҳ֪ƽʱȥЩطҪף覣õѡ񣡡
ӡ
СҪ´۾
ϲʡ
Сŵ˵ҿʱظ㱨ף覵ĶһȱĶã
飬רҵģ
´͵Ŀһۣ˿̬Ѿƫƣöһƿף覶̬˵Ҳ
СڶףԹһᾡԼ¡
´ЦЦСһֻ֣죡
ҵ˿Խ˵ŶӣС۾˲ס´֣С˵죡
˸մͳһսߣʹ˽
Сһۣ۵¶ɻĿ⡣
ף覵ô̼ң
´Сʹ˸СͶһת뿪ˡ
ʵʲôף覻ҧ㲻ţ
´ЦЦ̸ֻܶҪչ˺Ĵɩ͹ˡ飬ͲͷΪҲˡ
ᵽ񽿵飬ɫٴγ
ԴѹԺȾû֪߲·ѾҽԺ˺һʱˣûһתʱԲҽԺչҲΪ鷢˺ܾá
ҹ
žĽֵϿһˣֻе绰ͤͶһµӰӡ
СѽС͵绰ͷ˶˵һ顣
ĩˣСŷһԼĹ۵㣺ҾףСҽԺԺ󣬾ͱˡǰˡ
绰ͷͳ˵СǸѾͶˣԺ˵鷳㶢ŵ㣬ҪףʹӵĻᡣ
С˵ģһչ˺ףС㡣
绰ͷ˽̵֪СǰֵܣߵѾͬһ·ˣҪȡᡣ
С΢΢ף˼Ҷס
ѾѡͲڽôĮĶԴС塣
СӽԺҪֵˡ
ͨʶСǳʱֵۣܿȷΧûڼ
ʵҪףСߴأ
Ѿһʱˣÿκͨûȥ˼Щİš
˵Ǹܴˣɾ;Բֹڽ㿴ЩֻҪúøף覣Ժгͷ֮յġ
С㶣ף覣ѵҪףһ
͵ǲǴûȥĴ㣿
С˵Ҹ뱨
˵ߣǶõı𡣡
ף覲ֻ̫࣬ϣһܹʱʱףµϢ
С͵ףߣǾСš
Сͷ˵ˡֻǡ
ü㻹ʲô𣿡
С˵ûУҶɽûв㡣ףСߣҵδҲкôЩҶס
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СΪѵֻףС̫ˣһСһӾͲˡߴ˶Ҳᱩ¶
ףСߵ˴һβҰٴβãҪ֪ҲǱ˰ߵߣףС˵Ҳߣʱô죿
һĬС˵е
СΨһŵùˣҪСף覷⣬Ҳûܷ͵ߣάˡ
ã˲˵ԺǻǾϵɡ
Сʵϵһβźʣ
룬˵ûкرҪͼٵһϵһΰɡ
Сüͷһ壺һһǲ̫ˣ
һжף覵Ժ˵
˵á
ٺϵСֵĸҲ󽵵͡
ȻͲʱ֪ף覵ĶˣٿԱ֤Ժף߷¡
С³һǣ
˵绰СܿһۣյĽֵȻһ˶ûС
ҹͷķúܣڵ绰ͤվôһССѾֱˡ
СһĴ˴궳˫֣תԼסȥ
СƽʱסƫƧΪ䣬һ绰ͤͨ
ֻСղֻ˿ֵܵȴûע⵽Զĸ¥ϣһ˫۾һֱڶ
˫֧ڴϣһ·Ŀ뿪۵¶˺ɵĿ⡣
ֿ̧һ۱ϵʱ䣬ʮ롣
ҶѾ˯ˡ
ʱ绰ͨ˭
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453ûе绰

ڶһ磬С͵췼Էףȥ˿̩۳ҪҪ̸ҲС
ף覴ӳ̳˹ȥ
ף覹ϳʵ¬𣿡
˵յѾڻˣ͵ء
ףʵΰأ
˵е£ȹȥˣһͻ̸ӦҲɣ
ף룬ͷ˵ǳȸһ̸飬ԺҲкôȥҪǺҪ飬ȹɡ
ӦΰţֻҪԼǣһһڽõǰ̡ʱΰڳѧٶ
صͷС˵һȥɣҪ˵
Сأȥ
غСһСɫ糣һߡ
ض˵ףСæ£ҪϵġҪʲôҪ٣ǰ˵ףС㵽ʱӦԲףС鷳
СɻؿһۣΪʲôͻȻ˵ЩС˵ػƷģЩʲô飬һһʱףС˵ģԲ鷳
۵׶֣̽ѾʾôˣСҲû˵Լ£ϸ绰˭
ѵǼԼ飿
ҪǸˣ
СмҾú֡˵
С˵ػ֪ǶףСػƸеֵ飿
عǣַеĻǰҲ˲٣СҪ仰Իסʹˡ
Ҳûʲô£ҾǺ棬С嵱һСˣô˽ԼԲС𣿡
С㶣ŤͷأҲһѯʺ̽Լ
СһĬԺľʱǿʼ
СԽǳĬ۵׵Ļɾ͸ֱС˲£ֻڻûʲôѡ
Сֱ׵ʵػǾӦøСһ뿪ȫֵ𣿻ǡػҪߣ
ٿȻЦûе£Сֵˣֻ֪ĵôġҶǰףСµˣһֵܣӦûʲôܸҵİɣ
С˵һֱùо仰˵ĺãͬΪıǰҲСǸڿҵˣٵ飬ﻹٺΪ飬ⲻҪԼǰ̺δȥ𣿡
СЦЦܸΪԼһ㣬СܳףС㣬϶Ҳܳңһֱˣһ캦ԼԶһеġ
ЦЦ˵ǡ
˵ٶԣҲû˵ԼԭʲôСڸϡࡣ
ʵˣһֱ֪мˣ
Сڴڡ˲࣬궼ˡ
׷ʵ˶һڱǹ
СҡҡͷҲǣ軹ܸɵũԺȲ⡣ÿֻҪĵǮȥСѧˡ
ĵͷһתŤͷʵֵطӦûе绰ɣ
Сһ㶣ؿ
׷ʵҹ賿ʱҿڵ绰ͤ绰ˣ㵱ʱٸ˭ͨ绰
˿ϵıѾƽȡ֮һİʱĮ
СȷС⡣
С룬Цػƣ˵ʲôأأҹ˴ѩһֱڼ˯ôܳȥ绰ҹģ
صĻʱСȷһ¡ĵҲһ˲ľţ֪ԽʱԽҪͻᱻؿߡ̫ƻˣضһ
ۣΪҹŴ绰ŸССǴ
˵㣬ʲôʱ˯ŵģ
Сֱ۾ûа飺ʮ㡣
Цһ׾ٵؽСĻѻҹʮһµѩʮ˯˾ô֪ҹѩˣ
Сϸû˯Ǻͱ͵͵˵绰
С治ɫ˵ΪмһΣѩˡ˯죬ҹﳣѡ
Сʵǲ£ܰԼĻѻԲֵԽǵضľԽࡣʱ侲ӦԣСǸ򵥵ˡ
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454³

СЦЦػ˵ˣӦκƵˣػƿ˰ɣϾڣѩػϴҲ֡
ֻҪϣؾû취
½쳣ΪҲұ֤Լ⣬Żô̽Լ
ҪץԼ֤ݣڵһʱףСˣ˽Լ˵ⷬ
Сذף覣ΪֻҪץ֤ݣףСҲһජһѡ
ⲢףС£ֻҪʱעףСһһ㱻˶Ŷ˵ҲûӰ졣
Ѿ˹ʶδһʱ䲻ϵҲץİѱ
ʱˣףСȻû⡣ʱԼһܻصףС߹Ҳû취
һ˫۾һգգĶСҪϿһ⡣Сʵ̫ˣʹӲһҲصӰ졣
Сƿǰţ˵ػƣ䵽ˣ㲻ȥ۳𣿡
֪ԼòסСİѱЦЦָֻյºͣ˵Ķԣ˿ҲеġϴˣϾƵҲ١
߽䣬ȥΰˡ
߽ȥԺСƽڣɫʱȥ
ףСߵˣصҲ̫ˣǿͱͨ뵽ô£Ķ
ȻͷĻһŻɣ˽˵עľٶ
Ժصʱ򣬻ССġ
ûʲô£˵仰ΰž͸ػذ칫ˡһص칫ҵʱף覸պ¬Լʼ̸⡣
ΰʲôҲû˵ףλ£̸
ΰȻǳ˽ϵԶף覶ֻܸ࣬ף覣һĿʼѧ
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λ¬ԭ۵Ḷ́˵˿۳۸ͣãתͶǵ۳⡣
ף覺̸ʱ飬ڶгĬ̺ܿͱȤ
˭뵽һʮСϾȻô֣̺ܿͱף˵ˣҪǩͬ
ǴĿͻǴӦǩͬף覵Ȼġ
ǩ˺ͬԺף覻һ͵۳ſڡ
¬ֱԼĳף覺ǻֵԺ󣬾ڿ·棬ЦеĿ´
´һ㶼Լָ̧ף覴˸к
ף覵üͷһ壬Ժֳֻĸ֣Ƕġ
ף覸ŽֵʵͻӦúϤɣ۵Ŀͻˣ㻹Цôģ
´Žֿ¬ĳʧķ򣬲Ϊ˵ͻʲô㣬Ҿ㹻ˡ
´˽ֵߵףǰ۾Це˵覰нĳɾͣҲˡҪǼˣһҲΪеġ
ף覵ɫһ㲻
ɱ֣ڼǰߵ֡
´Це˵ҿһֱϲ衣Ϊϲ裬Ҳϲ㡣
ףЦֻġҲġ
´ףĸ飬Բϲֻ´Լĵ׷͵ı̬С
һϲöˡ
´üͷ壬ϹŵαЦѿһ졣

ֻҪõԼϲĶĸŮΪʲôҪô˵һĲֵ
´˵覣ô˵úġҪһġ
ףĮ˵ȥɣһˣͲˡ
´ף覵·͸ӿ˵ֵףǸϲ˺ܾúܾõŮˣΨһϲŮˡ
ʧɱҲѹףûһúö
ڣȴԶʧȥף˵γһʹΪʲôûʹģ
ֻ͸ףףˡ
ǣ񡣾ͺһģ̳һ
ҪǿԣҲĵҪף覺á
Ժʹûкѽ
ΪʲôҪԼϾ·أ
̧Ҫף覵գȴףĿ
ô֣ҡ
ףؿһۣת߻۳
´ԼɣԼʱ򣬻Цô죬һǸ˲Ӯҡ
ûϵܿ죬´Ϊȫĵطġ´ԼУΪԼµһж
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455ףҵǧ

ףӽˡ
ȥվˣһףͺ˵ף⼸顣
ԭΪǸܹסû뵽뿪ף覾ͱ˾ڱǴˣ´ߵ졣֮ȴʲô¶ûУͱ˳
֮ҿ覵侲ҵʣ̸⣬ʲô鶼û֡ôȥˡ
˵ĵ׵ʲô
ʵףҪʲôֻ˽ף
ˣף覣ܱȴǰһЩ
ףȻһֱף覵ԼŮףЩ飬ҲЩͷԡ
ӦòɵԼ˵ȥ̼ҷĻŶԡôݾߣֲһԽ´֮ԷҪʲô
ѵΪ¹ףס
ףϵʵ̸֮һЩ⣬̼ҵˣ˽ﻹûʲôӴ
룬˵ûС⼸첻ÿţҶ͵͵ţûȥҹ̼ҵˡǼСĺ´һΡû˵仰覾ˡ
ףж࿴ףŮĺܣףϧףΨһŮףǶף۵ĲС
Ƹռ޽ףҵʱ򣬾֪ŮжףҶԴӶһֱܿƴӼ޹ȥ֮ǰ֪¡
ףԺĵڶ죬ףȴһ£ףѼһӶ˴һ٣͵ȥˡԭǸӶ˳ǽ飬ףæң͵˶
ǰףڶôϿǸӶ˴ʹ͵ߵĶף覵Ρף۰ף覣Ӷ˶ף覵ĶǴףۣŻᱻôԴ
ףңӣûףףĳ谮ʲô鶼ǵһף覡
Ϊ֪ף覵ĽƲŻף覣¡
ڽֽǼף覺´ͷʱĵĺܡǺ˻˵䣬ף覾ˣŰġ
˵ĵ׵ʲôѽ
ףһ˼ǰһܲһ˼Ҳ²͸ˡǻȥֱӡ
ƵǵԸ𣿡
˶˵Ӵ˾ͻԼ뷨߱ˣף覻һĺӡҪ⣬˻׼
ף˵˵һᣬ˵Ļܹ黹ġ
ף覵ŮףҲͬԼءףĵʲôӦҪ֪
ƽףߣʵַʲô𣿡
ףȻˣȻܾܴ治ȥףҪġ
ףĽŲһͣת
ƣѾ֪߳ˡ
ƴһô֪ģ
ףɫϴǵʱ򣬰־Ͳ˵⡣һȥûҪߣ־ץˡһµľ覡
ƽŵˣڰ飬Ҳ
ףļ˵ֻ˰֣˵ڱǷֽ򵥣ǻҪ覼顣
Ҫ֪飬ǵֵҲһ԰߰֡Ҫǰֵһ³ܲסҪֳ
ڰѾˣֻһ˵ðи׼
׷ʵǰԺķӦô
ֵǻãҿûʲô⡣Ȱ䶨ˣٸʣµ鲻١أ
ףĸ첲˵мأҶġ
ףסƵ֣һֱڱǱæˡ
˵覺ǶһˣչԼˣʲô಻ࡣ
ףͷֻ֣洵ˣȥɡ
˻ص췼ԷԺ󲻾ãף覺Ҳˡ
ɳŵףף覵۵һ˲ľȡ
ߵף£ļͷʵ˾ˣôôͻˣ
ţѩĴģűߣ˳ְף覸ղŶµһ
ĸ˳֣Ҳ֪ǰ˶ٴΣǿϸܵӣ֪ΪԼһΪףʲôãеܡ
ƸǶůֵȲ䣬ȵ㣬ůůӡҪ˺Ͳˡ
ף覽ӹȲ裬ָ͸Ĳͷðˮ˵˾˿л˵
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456ڹײ

һ˵ڣüģҲǴǰף̸ף覵Ķףϵ˾˵ȷлҪ㣬ΪʲôûкͻȻҪץ´
ף̧ͷƣѾµ͵͵ף
Ʊܿ˵覣㲻ҪգҲǵ㣬С档
֪ͨ籨ŵжӣҲ뵱񣬵ô飬Ҳף˵
ȻҪĳʲô飬ˡ
ףЦЦͬģ߾˾ҵ飬Ҳûʲôԡûй㡣ǸãǺ顣
ף覺һڲ裬ͷ˵´ǷˣӦñץ˾ˣұץʲô𣿡
ףȦӣֱʵΪʲôͻȻľ
ף覵ͷתĲ豭˵
ף˵Ӧú´жƻɱĸ׶ңôꡣʱȥôˣʲôû׼ͱץץݾߣ´Ժӽ
ף覺Ȼ̧ͷ˵˾ˣ㲻Ϊû֤ݣ֤أ
ף㶣Ťͷһۡ
֤ݣ
ͬһɻҲûף˵κһ֤йص顣ƷĲУף覵һʵ覣֤ݣ
ף覵ͷ˵Уֻǻûõѡ
ףʵʲô֤ݣ
ףжమףж´ֻҪܰ´ץΪİ㱨ԸھȥǸ֤ݣ
ףƽ³ĸ֣ڹײ
̧ͷһۣ
ƻԼˣ˼˵ʲô
ף覷Ĳתƣһһ˵˵֤ڹײ
סˣʲʲôײģ
ô˰֤ݲڹײ˵ȥ˭ţ
ף覵۵һˮ˶˵ϵɱʵȴǱġϵɱˣΪʹնԼĲӣԺȥ򲻻ᡣ
ƴ㵵ؿף覣ô֪Щ
ף覼˵Ҫܹʬҵࡣ
Уףֱӷף覵顣
ı򣬺ϵ˻۵׵ɫûкܲ졣
ףĵ׾ףһҲף˾޴ĴףҪĹף͵϶ӡ
ףʵΪʲôУ
ףšһ˫Ũü˵ĸѾΪôˣҪʬҪѹ֮˵徻ĸھȪ֮»᲻ðģ
ף覷ʵ඼ܴ£úң⣬ھȪ֮£ѵͻõ𣿡
ҳĸ׵ԭ򣬲ĸײڻ֮µõİףҵÿһ˴Ӵ˶ܵõ
Ѿ֪´ɱˣʱǲóһõ֤ݣûܹƲõ
˵Ҿͺģǲʬ˭õİǸ˾Բҵĸף´̼ҵ˻᲻ıǰҫ߹ûָܹص
ȥףܹץס´ˣֻеɱˡ
֪Щ´ʲôɣף˵һһϻȥĸɨĹҿˡ
ףһ㶣ȥʲô
ף覼˵ȥĸɨĹ
һɱ֣ȥɨĹôƿЦ´ôˡ
ףֻҪһ뵽´վףĹǰӣĿڵһŻ´վףǰԶ䡣
ףʵһɱ֣ȥʲôҪȥ𣿲ǵģֻҪٿɱ˵Ǹˣôˡеվǰʲôɲģ
Ҫץ´˸֮ǰ
ף֪ףץס´ж༱ȣûа취ͬף覵뷨
覣⹫Ѿ֪߳ˣʱһȥ϶ҲҪ﷢Ҫǿ˰Ĺף⹫°뱲鶼ʹҪ°뱲Ӷù𣿡
ףףҵÿһ˵޷˵ʹͷƽһˡ
һѾܵˣǻҪһ͵ټһ
ף˵覣˭Ҳû֤Ժץס´֪Ϊʲôô֣Ҫʬ鲻أ
ڵֻҪףԸ⿪ףǾһץס´
ףʵʲô֤
׿ɲǿһ򵥵С£ʬҲûôף˵⣬⡣
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457¾Բټ´

˵Ѿһƻ
ףĴ˵ƻܱ֤κζ
еļƻܷ⣬ƻܱ֤ץס´˭ܱ֤ƻ⣿
һ˫۾˹˾ˣֻ֪Ҫǲץס´´һ֡ףΨһĻᡣ
ƱĻһŤͷʵ⻰ʲô˼´覸ʲô
ǸѾ˰㣬ھȻҪ覡
ף覵ͷһߣһ˫ֽؽһ
˵´ף̻һУǹҳ֮Ϊϲôϲף̣ϲܹʧɱôܶ覲ͬأ
̧ͷף˵ӦҲˣ観úĸ׺񡣡
һƵ´
ǰѱһٴη´񵱳ԴףԴ覡
ֻҪ´ң⣬Σյġ
˵Ҳֹһεǰֳ覺ܸȤӡ
Ǹ˿覵ֻҪöġ
ĻԲΣһֺķ֮ǰ覺´۳ǰǴ棬ú²ѡ
סף覵֣ŵԲټ´ˣ
һǸͻȻʲô£ǿɲһļӦԡ
ü˵Ǽûã뿪˱ǣ´ѵͲټĴ𣿡
ûв͸ǽֻҪǮסƫƧɽҳ㡣
˵Ĳ覣´ûҪӿ´Ҫ覣ֻ´
ҪҲ룡
ֻڳץ´⣬ûбİ취ˡ
ף˵öԣҲܱ֤ܳɹƻҲгʱ򣬵ǳ˿ףʲô취أ
ףԼףһۣ޳ȥԺ󣬾Ϳʼıңһֱú𣬹Լûڰʱ򣬽ףң֮ı硣
ףǼ꣬ףҲĲá
ʱ˵ҪʲôףĪܵǣ֮ܳһʱףҶڶȹ
ףҵ˵ʱѱףҲΪ˼ǣһ˻źӣȥİϻ֮͸Щҵ¡
ףףΨһĹѪףϣԼǰԼİ㣬컹˰ĺӡ
ףһĵߡ
˵´ڵѾףĽ
ףס˵覣˾˲㱻´۸
ף̧Ҳյø
ף˵ʲô⣬˵˵Ҳıı
ף覺һۣ˵ͷ˽Լļƻףг
ף˵ļƻǵĴ뷨һ
ƸǾò˼飬һһֿף覣֪뷨˭һЩ
ʵ˾˾ƻ𣿡
ףĬ˺һŶ˵˵ͷ
ǵ˵ǿУǱҲ̫ˡֻҪκһڳ⣬´ץס´Ļᰴ𣿡
̧϶˵ġ
ֻҪ´ֻ֣Ҫףִܲˡ
ף˫ʮָϣӦʵãǣֻҪץס´Ͱǵ뷨ȥ죡
ף˵һ飬Ҫ˾ǰȥ졣
ףף㲻˵ˣҶס
ףٴζ˾ˣһҪܿˣ˷֡
ףʵǾ˾˴ˣ㻹ž˾𣿡
ףЦЦһףĻ˲䡣
ֻҪףӦ˿ףʣµ飬͸ʮþˡ
ڶ졣
ףһ᰼ҡ
˷ﶼûгţףã˶һ㶡
ʵãôˣ
ףЦ̲˵顣
㶣׷ʵҰʲô̸ģ
ף覺̼Ѿϵˣȴ֣̫ˡ
ף΢΢һЦ˵ƺǲ̫ʺں̸顣
һ㶣˼룺һʱ䲻뷨ԽԽˡ
ϲףڶ˵װͷ
ô˵ף覵Ľ㣬ף覸ղ˵ͺڶ˵˵Сһ
ôôʹ졣
粻ǺԲһС۵ˣȻϲף˵Ҳû˵ʲôָֻŷֻϢҪȥ𣿡
ף覵ͷǾ鷳ˡ
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458ϴײͺ

翴һۣתᰵңţ֣ףˣеҪ˵
һﳣᰵˣ
ᰵĻӦת߻ؿһͳϢһɡ
ף覵ͷߵɳ¡
ϾʱĴ˿װΣȻ᰼ҲһЩװƷϣ̼ұһǲԶˣɼ᰼ڱǵķչá
һᰴ˳
촩һװһμʱºһЩ
ף̧ͷ΢΢һЦ̲
᰿һۿ˷ã˵ĺеæǵҪûʲô£ȥտտŮģҲҪ´˵ࡣ
˷￴һۣЩæǰƫƫףԺȥæҪ֧á
˵֡
˷ıֽվļ򣬴Ļ֣ȥ
粻ĿΪʲô
˷ʹ˸ɫǿ˳ȥ
ϳţ粻˦˷˵ӦҲˣ־ǹҪ֧ǣǽ
˷￴˵㻹ҪȥΥֵ˼ⲻǸԼ鷳𣿡
ǡĺܺף覻ͰЩʲôѽ
˷˵ˣֱĶˣףѵռֵıˣֺܰףʲôӰ첻ǣûʲôõĵġ
ͷ￴һۣ֮ǰһֱûףʲô£ڲŷ֣ص
ʹõ·ˣҪװȥ̼ҺҲ
̼ף覺ģף˵װãһֱȥʱǿɲܱ֤ԼӮף覡
ܵҰ֣鶼Եúֲ
ص˼ҵı£һۿķˮ𣿡
ĺݽɫЩɫˡͺﳣ˵Ǿ䡰ҧ˵ĹС
˷ڵǺЩף覡
翴˷ıһۣ٩磬㿴ܿѽ
˷󷽳ϵбµˣҵȻͣ˭˭ɵӡѵΪף÷ҪһֱһΪףб£
ףǸʲôĶӣһζĸϺȣ˵СʱǼĸ飬Ƕʮĸ飬Ҳĺһ𡣴Ҷˣ˭֪˭
ЦЦ磬ڿ飬ԽԽˡ
ף覶
ף⿴һۣѾԶˡ
ףʵ̲ƺ֪֮ܲĽס
ᰵͷһڲ裬˵Щ飬ûбҪ֪ܴЭȻãҪǴﲻɣҲӰǡ
뵽־Щܡ
̼ͬҵĺӣףôôб£
꼶ϱף覻Ҫ곤һЩף覶Ѿ̸ܹˣԼȴܰǡ
˵ʱڱֳĶС
ףΪ˵С
У
ѵһ°Ĳ豭Ż
һ˫ŭ۾˵ѵĳ³˵´ɱ裬þȥ̼ץˣô飬㾹Ȼ˵У
ףͻȻЦ̧ۿʵ̲ͻȻʲô㲻Ҳ̼ҵЩûи飬ָҰ̼Ϊ̼ʲô
᰺һϵˣװʲôΰ
Ϊ̼ƽʵ̫αˡ
˵Ҫõ̼ңҪĲһ̼ң̼һˮԺҽ̼ʲôã
ףҲܹݵģԼĸ̼ң飬Ͽûеڶĳˡ
ף̧һһĸᰣ̲ңҿڰ㡣
Ȼ仰ȴġ
ʵʲôˣ
̼ڵ֧ӣ⼸̼ҾͿ岻ˣҲԶûн̼ҵĻᡣ˵Ұ̼Ūö̼ңôֻҪ̼Ժõֶθ̼ϴײͺˣ
Ҫ㱾¶ûУҪһһˡ
᰿ף˵ӣֻԲѡ
ʵѵָһˮİ취̼ף´һڲҲʲôջûУʲôҿԼҲ˺̼ҽֵ˰ɣ
-

459ƾʲô

ף覿Ϸ߿ЦЦƽ֮俴͸뷨ᰣǾҶ´Դҵ̬Ȳźʹǰͬ𣿡
ѭò̲һᰣҲף覶̬ȵĲ
ʵ̼潻ʲôô
ûֱӻصף覵⣬ǻѾĬˡ
ףҪǲܰ⵹̼ңԼԶλ
ȻﲻԼԼΪʲôҪȥ
Ǵǰ˽ϵʱĶ࣬ڴף覵Ҳ̫Կ
ף覴Լָ˵̼潻òôɲҲһ
ᰱ̼ѹô꣬һֱûеõʲôôǰѾҲǵ׶̼ЩˣڲŻô£ûе᰿ɲһ
ף쳣ŵĵһ˿ɣ㻹ʲôӣ
ף˵ҽҪ㣬ʱֳ̼ҵˡֻҪ֣Һ̼ܿܰߵλáǰǣҪң̼ҳԺΪڱƲ
ۣƾʲô
ף覣ʼûзԼĽ䱸Ūףôŵ֮ǰǲף覵ļ仰ġ
ףǹ㲻˵Ұⲻ´ܡ´ֻ̼֦ͬҪ´϶̼ҵҲ𡣵ʱ´϶ܼ̼ҵ⣬Ϳ˳ƿ̼ҵĲƲˡ
ᰶף覵Ļʮֲм´̼ҵȻӰ죬ˣ̼һһ㸸׿ɻ
Ҹס
û˵꣬ף覾ͳһ㡣
ñһʼصٴγһ飺סûиס
˵ٲԸϣ㸸һҲûа취ı䡣
ף̧ͷĿ´ʵǾ䵱ҵĸףǾһΪѪԵϵһԭŹһͬʶûа취ɣʣµ飬Ҳغ˵ˡ
ĸף覾ԲܳϵġΪ飬ʱжϺᰵĺ
㶣ô˵ǸŮףںز
һȻô
˵ãȥ㸸仰ôԸ´ˣҲ̼ҵĶӣҲԽŹ̼ҵ⡣´ӰõĹ̼ҡ
ֵ֮ͲǺܺ´ԭλʧˣ̼ܰҵ
ȻŪ˸ʲôɢҵע˭̼ҵļҲ֡
ŪҪһºǵǱ
ӮˣҲұɣһεıҪǺĳɲģ𻹿Զæˡ
ô룬ᰶԼռʲôˡ
ף˵һ㲻õģһ´һ̼ҵĹ˵λϳ
ԺԲʹ񽿶ʧȥڵҪһڣ׵ıˣҲһ£ԭǵ
ʵҪô
ף˵´ˮԺа취ϳеĹɷݣࡣЩ鷳
ʵô
ף˵ȣ´֮ǰҪ˵̼ЩйɷݵˣϵĹɷȫң۲Ĺɷݡ
仰˵ţ̼Ҫꡣ
ףЦ㣬ԲذϵĹɷתҡǰѹɷݶԺҿٰЩɷתָ㣬ʱͿӵбĹɷݡ
һ̸ɷݵ飬᰾ͱľΪʲôҪ£
ףƮƮʵΪƿ̼ҵ𣿡
ҰģֻǱ̼ѹô꣬ӻѣף覲ʱһѡ
᰻ǲҰĹɷݣôܹԺѹɷݻң
ף覲мֻ´˻ٵ̼ңûȤ̼ҵĶ˭Ҫ˭ҪҲں
ᰳĬؿ۵Ծ͸ŶĻɡ
ף˵һˣϳе۵Ĺɷݣֻаٷʮ壬´Ҳֻаٷ֮ʮϸ´ϵǮûࡣǱҵĶӣЩͨҲ׬˲Ǯ
ץŰٷ֮ʮĹɷݣʣµİٷ֮ʮ壬ɢ̼Щ֧ЩûоЩ˶ѹɷݶңҷΪ̩۳Ĵͷʱ϶òġһȫİ취
ᰣ˵˵
-

460ѵթ

Щɢеİٷ֮ʮĹɷݣתҵͬʱ㡣ʱ˰ٷ֮ʮĹɷݣҾʣ°ٷ֮ʮĹɷݣҲӰ첻ĵλ˵ǲǣ
ף˵ҲҪۣƿ̼ҲûȤֻǺǡǰٷ֮ʮĹɷݣԵҰ´ˮԺԭ۴ȥʱ۵ĴɶͿȡ
ƾڣʱ´Ͷ·˵ĹɷҲֻаٷʮĹɷݣᰳе۵Ĺɷݣȴаٷ֮ʮ塣
ֻҪռͷʱʲô˵㣿
᰿ףһۣô˵һжˡ
ʵΪʲôҪǰٷ֮ʮĹɷݣǰһתָң
ٷ֮ʮĹɷף覵᰺ܲ
ף̹Ȼ̲˭ɵӣ㲻ңҲ㡣һʼѹɷȫˣʱ㲻Ұ̼Щô죿
ǶҪԷԼĿģŶԷİѱ
û֮ļƻƲѴĿģҲܰٷ֮ٵᰣ߬һЩɷݡ
ۣҿԼӪƻ̫ˣϵ̼ңұ֪ʲôֶΣȷ⵹´Ҳ֪ԺҪô˵Щ߬СɷݵͶ㡣
ܼ򵥡ףǰ㣬ᰵ۾˵׼ʬ
ᰶʱɴ۾˵ʲô
Ȼܻ˭ᱻһ
鶼ĳףΪ˰⵹´Ҳ̫ˡ
ףЦ˶˵û֤ݣʵ֤ݣֻҪʬһ鵱´ͿԱ´һԼңⲻ˶ˡ
ʵʲôʱ򿪹ף
ף˵׼˵ЩɢѹɷתңҾͿסԽ飬ҾԽ춨´ҲԽҪλáǣӮ
ף覿Цҵ𣿡
ᰵļţѾȫӦ֮ߡҪ´ͬʱҲҪһ
ȵ̼ҵȨҲù
ףԼСվ̲ڴĺϢ
˵꣬ף߳˿
Դף뿪Ժ᰾һֱɳûжֱҹһԶŮؼˣ
һ˶ûУףǰĲ軹ԭûж
߹ȥļʵᰣôˣһģ
᰻ع񣬿ŽŵһۣܿͶˡ
ͷһԶŮ˵Ȼط䣬ЩҪ˽˵
˷ɻĿһۡ
ף覼ʱ򣬾Ͳǲ̸ڻлҪ˽˵ʲôô˽ܣ
˶طԺᰲŴɳһصԼԷ
ﲻȥ۵ǽǡ
鲻ʵôˣ㵹˵
ͣ½ŲתʵҪúǹõ𣿡
ĸĸҪǹĸã޶˵Щʲô˷˵ף覽ҹˣǽ˵Щʲô
ڴһ˫ѾƵ۾ᰡ
˵ǵǰʱ䳳÷з´ɱ˵ףзܹ⵹´´ɱ˵飬ҹҲġ
һǣ̼Ҫˣ
´һףˮ۶Ҫˮ֮ͻȨ˰ɣ
ᰳף覽飬ҪҺ֣´һ̼ҵλקȥ
ȲʵǴõĻᰡӦûУ
һ˱ѹô꣬лֵԼƿ̼ң֪ã
᰿һֻۣŭͷʶ̣һô򵥣
¾ֻǰ棬һ֪ġ
һ㶣ʵף覺͸˱ңʵ´ɱˣѵթ
һĻᣬûбѽ
˵һףҪǰԼ۵İٷ֮ʮĹɷȴ˿ڡ
ʵʲôµ
Цһƿ̼ң̼ߵλáʲôһԭҪԼ̲̼۳ˣĶ̼ҲȤԸ̼ҽң
üͷ⣬Ҳ²͸
-

461̼

ᰰѽ췢飬˵һ飬ҧ˵ףҪһ𣬰̼ҵЩ˳壡
ǼĴ࣬ף覵ǰ̬ȣȴˡ
˵ǰףֻҪѹ̼ңƿ̼ңôҪ׵Ļٵ̼ҡ
ΪһʼҪٵŲں˭Ըôһ⣬á
ֻҪһ뵽ۿԱǵĲƲ;Ķѣʵʲôã̼ԺͿλˣ
Ϊѵ˵Ȳ˵ףﲻ֪ʲôһҪվף覵һߣ̼ߣǾԶܻȥˡ
һǿʼף£̼ҵĹɷݣף覵̼ҵЩ˾ͻǵͽӽ쿪ʼƲǾǺ̼ҳ׾ˣ
̼ҵҪõ۳ҲûҪѱҵ˸Ͼ·
ף覵ĺݾǼʶˣΪץס´Լĸ׵Ĺ׶ҿʲô
һ´ָ̨ѱҵЩ˱Ͼ·
ȻûжôչǣҲûкĵǱϾ·ĵز
Ҫףף˵˼̫ԽԽ׽͸ˡף覺һ뻢ıƤĸо
һ㻹Ǹʲô̼Щ˺ʲôϵԼס۳ٷ֮ʮĹɷݣһǣ
ҵж˽ˡ
һҲǣԼƾȥʲôԣǶõĻᣬҪǴˣǿҪһӣ
ֻҪץסĻᣬŲںЩ˻ʲô³᲻ǡ
ֿʼⲽ૵УһǾòģ
ף覸˵һжܺãһж̫ˣŸģһжһ塣
鼱ǱҴѹ̫ˣӶˣǰԲôŮİɣ
һ㶡
һ˵Բǰֺģһ㶼ûнйʲôһСŮôţ˵ʲô˵ҵЩ˸Ϳǣ
ǱҵЩ׳ǣԲһСĵӣ
鵱޸ᰵʱ򣬾Ϊ޵Ĳ̼ұңԼǱ߲˵ĳ֪˽ӣ˵û¼޽ҡ
´٩˵´һӣҲԸ顣
Щ꣬ЩһֱץһȱڷйѾȲҪͱ֤鵱ѡǶԵģᰲ̼ҵκһ˲
һˮжһˮϵĿжҪȡֵ̼ܵλá
鿴һۣ㲻Ҳϣϣ˷ĸھ͸㣬ֻҪлᣬһǹϸõٲǱһСŮЦ
˵Ժ󣬺ǲǣΪǮֶΣ
һˣͬʱҲһסϣԼĺܹõõδͬʱҲϣԼ⡣
ҪΪӸһУȴ⣬һоʧȥԭ塣
ᰵĻ䣬˷ƿ
һ㶣ǻط𣿡
˵֣֮ǰ˵ȥɣǲںôǡܹ㡣
ԲǸƲô꣬˷Ļᣬ
˷ҲԼ֣Ҳ޳뷨
ҲҪиõĳ·ǽƾǰǼҵʵǵòõδƿۣһоͶһˡ
һһͬ£˼Ƭ̣ᶨãȻǶô룬Ǿͺףվͬһߣ̼ң
֮һ죬˽϶˲ٳСɷݵ̸ۿҪˣתԼĹɷݣת̩۵Ĺɡ
̩۳ո𲽣ɼҲߣ֮ķչǰ;ʮб֤֮Ҫ̨ƵĶࡣ
Щ˶ͨϰգͲĵ
ڱһԺ󣬲˶ĻԼĹɷݣתͷף覡ףҲãõİٷ֮ʮĹɷݣȫתָᰡ
˰ٷ֮ʮĹɷݡ
֮Ҳչĺ˳ʣµİٷ֮ʮĹɷݣףҲᰵİ£϶õ˰ٷ֮ʮˡ
ʣµǰٷ֮˲ԸĹɷݣ˵ҲһССͷҪˡ
һ鶼еĺ˳ʱ´֮Ľס
һף覸ճᰵļţӭͼ˿´ֵܡ
ף覶ӯӯһЦתԼĳӡ
С򿪳ţף˽ȥﳤȥ
´۾˿վڼſڵᰣʵǶʲôˣ
Ƶ˵ƺֲ̡ܽ
-

462µı

תȥ´ȴ˼󲽣ǰס
ǰЦе´һʧ˵һ˫۾͸׹⣬˵˵
ף覺´֣˵Բʲô¡
Խ˵Һûʲô˵ġ
´ףҪٵ̼ң
ᰵĽŲһ٣ת´ʵǻٵ̼ңǻٵ㰡
´һ㶡
᰿㵵ıЦЦҲǣΪһɱ֣ȻẦԼץסʲôѱһҲûзĻ˰ɡ
ᰳ´˹ȥϱͲڵĻҳ
´˽㣬ֻǿŵʵ˭ΪһĴӻšҪʧȥڵһУΪɱ˷һᱻ˿һܺ°ɣ
Ϊеף覣µʧȥ̼ҵһУô֪ԼףϵԺ󣬾ôأ
˹˵ף覴ĻҪ̼ң㲻ǲ֪ΪԼк³𣿲ҪԼԶƣһҲƽȥˡ
߬۰ٷ֮ʮĹɷݣµľףõ۵Ĺɷݡ
ףһóˣͻǸ֮һģҪȥˡ
ڵ뷨ǸоܲΡ
Цǵͦġ
ܿᰵĻ棬ǽ̸ɷݵ⡣
ʲôɷݣ
ӹİȡһļУ۰ٷ֮ʮĹɷݣҪ۹ɷļ۸񡣡
᰿˿ļУ̧һļײ˵ϣ˼ûɷݵ뷨
ܿҪΪ̼ҵˣɷݸǣ붼롣
ǱͲᰣᰵķӦǼᶨǵ뷨
´ʵף覸ղŵ׶ʲôˣ
ᰵ˫ֲ˿ڴǵ̸ܶʵ쵽ʲôӰǰ궼ñ˹ֵܾȻһʺˡҪȱ𣿡
ɫᰣǴ̼ˣ
ҲȥϱٲѵЦ⡣
̼ԣ
˵Ŀɣͺ̼վڶˣ
Цѱпҡ´Ժʲôȥ̽ɡ
´Ļ̼һѾסᰵ׶˵˵ʲô˵һΣ
´Ҳסʱ򰡣
ᰰ´һֻһֻĳ۵׾ֵɫЦףİѱܿҪˣ
ŤͷһۣĴ磬ӦҲȥ̽ɣ
´ͫһ
ѱ
Ѿĸɸɾˣʲô֤ݣףôİѱ
´Цڲң
˵ǲڲ㣬֪ˡλҲûҪȲ˼Ͳˡ
רһˣʲôջûУ֪һ̼˸ӲϢ
ϻص̼ң´Ϳʼ
ҲΪ˿£Ŷ㲻ĵ׶Լĳͷ
´ʼڼĴߣ˺ӣȾĲ
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´ŭû£Լסȥ֣
˺һ㶣Ժ´һô˵
֡
ҹ
˺һҭĿ´
ֵôˣ
ĬĬת̼߳ҡ
һۣʵ𣿡
´ʲôѱС
ĮĿʵףɱİɣ
´һζûгϹҲ϶ԼĲ²⡣
Ǹɱ֡
´͵ػͷɳϵ˵ף覱뺦ңҪǱץˣ̼Ҳ˭Ӱ죬Ƕðң
ʵֻڰ㣿
´Ȼ˵ĶӣȻðң
һ´䲻ϲһ´ǰЦͻȻ뿴ᱻףôԸˡİѱһܺ°ɡ
´ʵΪұܺùף覲Ʋ磬ף̼ҵĳһһʣȫأ
ֻҪǵõˣȫϡ
ĵиӣһһʣǵ
´Ц˵͵ҿһ̼ˮʱΪְĸףֻһʲô³ѵһ㶼ı𣿡

㶣ȻͷɳЦ
ԽЦԽ˫ҵĶ۽Ц˾Ө⡣
Ȼ̧ͷ´˵һҲıô꣬һֱڵף覵ı
´㵵ؿĬ˰Σ˵ӣ
-

463ҵأ

ǰ´ܲµףҪʲôף覡ǵ֪ףץİѱԺͺ֮ǰˡ
´Լе߸ף覣Ķ̬ͽӴˣͼŪףץŵİѱʲô
Ϊĺͺ£´һҹûкϹۡ
һ֮Ψһ鱨ˣС塣
ʱ´Ϊף覵鼱ĽͷöСʹҡڵ߽̼ҵլĶ´˵Ҹ˴Ϣ
´һ㶣ʲôϢ
С˵ףԤͻϻ塣
´һ㶣ͷף覲ڱǶԸԼѡȥңԶϻ壬̫ˡ
С岻Ųæ˵ڽϣףСȥһ˾֡оʣ֪Сȥǻϻ֤ˣͶ
С˵Բ²ǻȥҪʲô
´ʵҪʲô
С˵ֵ͸¶ϢףԤʬʬɱ˵֤ݡ
´һϵѪɫ˲ȥü֡
ѵ˵ףץŵİѱ
ʬ´û뵽ķף覾Ȼ˸׳н
ȥôˣʬѵҵõ֤ݣ
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´ʵȷͻϻ壿
С϶˵һһߣһҪһȥӽףƺҲҪһȥ
ʬС£ף覲һ˰ˡףҵĳڲС
ףƶһϻ壬ѵףѾȡǵͬĴ㿪ʬ
´ǸԶɵˣף覵ĹƣٴβʵôЩģ
С彾˵Ȼ뿪һʶ٣ϢǴЩ˵ڳġһ˶ȷϹˣף뿪ǣˡ
СôһףҪʬ飬Ѿ˾Ųʮˡ
Сһ´˵Ҫʬҳʲô⣬ӦӰ첻СҵһʱתҲԲߡ˵Ҷá
֣СҧһЩ
ܶʲôʱղԼļֵ̧Լۡ
֮ǰͶ´ʱ򣬾͸´Լļֵĸ´õϢ´ôøرΪѰһݺò°ɣ
´һۣУʵΪʲôʬҳ⣿Ϊʲôйأ
Сһ㶣ǲڰ̸´ɱף
ף覶Ҫȥ֤ˣ´Ȼģѵ˵ף´ûйϵ
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Сʵʲô˼
´ֱ˵ҪʬȥûɱˣҲ£Ժ飬Ҳ˵
´ǸˣʲôʱñץסԼĻԼСϢ´ҲԼף覿ʬ¡
Ϊ֤ԼףԼƲĸɸɾ
Сû뵽ԼôһϢԺ´һӦ
´ںʵ̫ˣԭϢ´ﻻһǮءڿ´ӣòǱǮˡ
Сʵҵأ
´˵ûõϢ㻹˼Ҫѣҹȥ
ҪǸСǮ֤С˵ĶЩô͵СӳԼɱ˵С
Ϊǰ֤侲͵´һǮС壬Ҫߵ˼
СǸоĵֻǮ
´Ѻõ̬ȣæ˵ϢҲҲʱ䣬ûãûйҲпͣܲʲôҰɣ
´һ˼ǮСǲݣСһӱ϶һǮõ´ǮͳǮ˵ϡ
ȥ
Сô㣿
´ͷ˵ҪҪҪüӶˣ
С忴ŵϵǮһĵ´Сһ㶼ף֮ǰ󷽣һ߶Ǯմ˵Ļҡ
´˵ǮϽԺǰ
Сû´źãƲƲ죬һ뿪̼ҡ
-

464ٷ

췼Է˫ȽɳϣһȲ衣
ʱ䣬ϢӦѾ´Ķˡף˵
ıű˶벻飬ŮȴͷЦЦڴ˵֪´᲻Ϲ
ŤͷһۣĲ衣
ֻҪĵйһϵ
תʵ˶ź𣿡
ͷȫźˣھͶ𣿡
ȵȵȡ˵
һĵ绰
绰һ绰ͷ˵ү´ˡ
һУ˵绰վף覣߰ɡ
´жҲжˡ
ô飬ʱ˽ˡ
ף˵Ҳǲɹ
˵Ҳùȴ콵塣
ԼܼһУıˣ졣
һǵжɹҲûʲôźġ
ףס֣վһȥʱ˶ˡ
Ϊ飬ܾۡʹ˽һҪúϢһʱ䣬ʲô
СʱԺٻվ˼ˡ´վԺ󣬴ż˴Ҵææ˻𳵣վߡ
˽˵ҪԼĳ߸ŵǼ׳˲ƿˡ
ƿĺڳ˾ﲻˬһ̵ĴӴװ
ٻǸСطСطʲô
߶˼͵Ļϡأ
˭֪´ˣ´ͷһۣżۣӾ䵽ϡ
ڳ˾ͻȻЩ˲ǣæ죬վӵȺȥˡ
´ϵܲãֻҪһ뵽ף覴㿪ʬľͻͻܸоԼҪףϡ
СȸϢ
ΪֹףҪ飬´ڻ𳵿֮ǰٻĻƱȻϳæôףҪȻϻ塣
ףŶҲҪϲܵϻ壬һϵʱ׼
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һֱҹߵ㣬쳹׺Ժɽ·ƹŴҴС·ɽߡÿһ궼ףɨĹɽϵ·Ϥ
һ߸ˣÿ϶һֵͲ´Ĵ£ҵףĹûжѾ
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ϲףӦ˵ҲһϲţȥףԼڵ
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ǰƵ´Ҳµģ
ףˣʱ䲻ˣ뾡¡
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Ǿרٷصġ
Ҳ춼ȥˣЩ˶һʱԭƽɽȻž˶ꡣ
ҪһһҲˣôڶ컹أ
ʲôһһ
ưôܿʹʪ˴ҵѣĹϵҲˮһһŻ
´ߴٵûʱˣڣ
ĨһϵˮĿʼٱ˵ķء
˶󣬹һһĲӺȻĵһľͷһĶ˵һ졣
һ㶣һ̧ͷ´˵ڵˡ
´ԭվڷؿӵıϣô˵̴ӵȥֲһЩڹײ
´ԥ˵˿
-

465Ҫ

ǲܰײĴɽϰߣǿ԰ѹײ︯õʬߡ
ƽ£˹ľ֨ѽһ̶죬ײı˿һϸ졣
ľ϶糤ӱԵ̽һ鱲ѣҪѹײİƿͺܷѾˡ
ѽ
ưôһжŪʪģľĺܣץץסҪʹ
ŬԺһ˻ͷ´˵˲
ÿ
´ƿǸԼ˹ײġ
ʹ
˿ˣʹ㾢
ľ˿Ĵ̶Ļֱһײİ嶼ƵһߣϷ˵һ졣
¡
һ˺Ѳҹɫ﷢һ졣
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ײɵĲףʬ壬ֻһˮ͸ֽˡ
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ףߵ˵һӲˡ
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ҹײĺĹѾɭˣЦȴ˾ÿֲ
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˼´ץĹ߾ӣǰŵ˶ֵܴܣЩһûܵˣȫץסˡ
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´͵ذһȭԺףҲ
ףҧгݵ˵㵽ټףҵŮ
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466°ף覴

ϻ壬һƾɵ͸΢Ĺ⡣
ưô꣬ȴļ˵ĺ
ף覾ųϣ̧ͷݶſղ֪ʲô
һϾɵķͻȻƿһʪ͸һɡվ
ûͨ磬Ļ
űƿʱһ͵Ĺ룬һζЩϨ
ף覣һɡķš
ףͷ
ץסˡ˵
ףһĨЦ⡣ϢûжķӦ
ûпޣûмңϲöĿ
ǰΪ´ı˺ͷŭƺ´ץ鳾䶨һȥˡ
覡
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һ㶡
ףĿתĿŷʲô¡
ǵãĸ׵ʱǱ´ط
ʬΰεģ۾ûбϡ
ʱǶ຦£ŻЩȫǡŻıôࡣ
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ǰˡףŤͷ裬Ҳٻˡ
ץס´ҲΪĸױ˳𣬿˲
ԣԸڵһУȥǰƽƽһֱϻҲԡ֪Զܻˡ
ף覵ͷĬһ˫罥
ѹֵĳĺﴫ˳治Լ޵ӣȴס
˵޳
ףǵ˻ʶ⣬Ļ˳
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Ҫһ˴ţҲȥˡ
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аףûôı£һȳȥġ
֣ôҲû㣬ӣҾһǺϸġΪڰһ¡´˵ף覴Ҫ
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467һʼ͸ü޸

ۣʵô죿
´ʵʲô㣿
˵̼㾭ֵЩ⣬ԺҪи˹ܡ֪֪̼ΪʲôӣԺҪô𣿡
´˵ҵ˺ҿţҳˣҲܶһ档
˼֣ԼĶӣ㵹ͦף覡
ԼȴҪ˺⣬Ҫף覡ף覵ʲôŲµִ
´һۣŤͷ˵֣м仰Ҫʹ˽˵
ʵʱˣ㻹ʲô鲻ֵܸ߰ģ
ȴҲ˵֣ȥ
һ㶣ȻΪҪͬرܵˡ
ԥƬ̣Źת߳Ѷҡ
ŹԺ´˵磬֪ҪһΰҵĵܵܿôһֱңҸߵһ
˵ߵһԼѡģǱ˺ġѵұȥɱ˵𣿡
´ԶֻᱧԹ˸زȴûԼ´жס
ƾʲôҪԼ׵ܵܿ
´Ͳĵܵܡ
ûһʼϳ̼ң顣
ܹĺһ㣬ףͲ£̼Ҳᵽ챻ۡ
´˵ûбɱˣɱ˴ǰǸҡ
ѵһ
Ҳ
û˻˰ɡ
һֱƲ̼ЩףЩǱĵ񣬻ѴǰǸɱˡ
عһûõӣôôùףΪ˺һһ
³Ǳ˺ģ
˵´һʼ̰ˡ
´һ㶡Ȼ̰
ʵҪЩѵܰؼʲô鶼îžҽôôصĵʧУ
µȻȫⶼڱϣ´ûˡ
˵˵ٶ࣬Ҳ㡣㣬е±ˡ
´ץŭѵҾͻһӱѹ𣿡
Ҫǲ־ͻûйû롣
ʱŷ֣̼ҵӱʲôǡ
ʵһֱǶԲ㡣ûΪʲô˽ӣ
´һ㶣ͫ͵һͺϵһ豻˺ݺݵؿ
˵裬Ұ֣㡣
´Ǳۣסڣ
̼ԺѾܾúܾûԼĸ׵ˡ
Լôģǵõֻ̼ҶĿǷ
ʵ̰ģҪ֦ͷıԼˣûа̼ңȣŽ㣬㾹Ȼò㡣´˵˵˭Ƿ˭ģ
̼Ҵûм´ʲô´һ̰ģҪĸ࣬Żһһߵء
˵̹׽һҲϣǰҪ㡣ΰ־ٴı£ҲȲˡһУȫȡá
ǵôֵܣĵ״ûĽɹ
ãð̼ҵ飬ˡ´̵Ц
ˣҴûа㵱ˡ
ã飬Ҷ̰ġֻһ飬Ū
ĬĿġ
´ֱֱ̧Ŀ۾ʵףʲôλ
ʵʲôϵ
µЩʲô壿
´ִ˵Ҿ֪

۾գգȻܶܶǰһοףʱǸ崿ŮͷЦӡ
һֵĻҪÿ
һֱǸģûб
ǺЩȴˡ
˵ֻһŮ˶ѡ
´һ㶣ֻ
ףĵףȻôûеλ
´ʵֻһŮˣǴʲô
Į˵Բĸס
ôܵĴ𰸡
ҡ´һЦϻ𣿡
վתſȥ
ףһʼӦü޸ң
´ͻȻе
ͷһۡ
´ҧ˵ұ㲻
ԼԼЩĵĲʡһֱĵĲʣȢף
ʵɱ𣿡
´ȻֽһƬ
ֻһ⡭ֻ⡭
ûҪɱֻһʱʧ֣ôˡ
˵ϲʱúõûзңǰңͲᷢ⡣ͻȻˡ
ЦЦĽƱ԰סҲ¡һܶ㡣
´͵̧ͷ
ûв´ףȷ˵ĻĲô˵֪ף˵ġ
ô֪ףô˵
´ʵ㵱ʱǶ
˵Ҳڡ
´ţ͵شվô֪ףķӦ
˵Ϊұ˽
-

468²Ҫȥ

뿪Ժ˽׼ͻؼ
´ȴ̧ͷ˵ף覴ǰҾ͸һֱ֪Ķ
Աһ㶡
عԺ󣬾ԱæȥϢӳ
Դ´ץԺ󣬾һ仰Ҳ˵ǼʦҲûá
´һֱȥֻܸǿպʱ䡣û´ĿڹҲֱӶ´ȥҪһֱϵͥ죬ܵͥ
Ϊ£ľԱһֱء
´ץ񣬿˵߲Ȿôһˣ´ڣǾٴͶûʩչ
̫ģ˵ʲôڡǶΪεİҪϵͥһˡ
û뵽һ̼ҵˣ´ȻԸ˵ˡ
Ķӳܿ˹˵´Ը⿪ˣ˭ˡ
ǵȷ´Ժɫܿͺ
ܣӳһڷ顣
ף֮ܺһչ涨Ӻڿ֮ͥǰǲܼġ
Ӷӳ˵ٿһΥ涨Ҳͬ⡣
´㬵˵ӳô塣֮ǰҲ˵Ҳܼ𣿽Ҳһˡ
Ӷӳһ㶣´Ҷ̣¶ֲȻɫ
´˫ִ˵ף覸ҴҾͿ̹һСΪ٣Ҳҵź鱾ǿȫġ
˵仰´±۾Ȼ飬ʲôԸӳ˵
ʣľʱˣһ㶼ͶԷȥ
ӵֵĵ绰ףҵ˴ϻԺĵ졣
ף覲ǿڿˣȥˮýӵ绰
ι
Щ
ЩһֱڼĶҲûȥҲԵĺ١
绰һŮԱãǾ֣ףС㡣
Ҿǣʲô£
ģףС㡭
ף覸һ룬ͲͻȻ˹ȥ˶ߣʣµĻҲȫĶ
´ԴӱԺ󣬾һֱĬڡھҲûʲôµĽչҪһŸй顣
üͷһ壬ͲʰǾֵ£ΪʲôҪһΰܺϽȥ
ŮԱף覴ŵ绰ͻȻһ˽һ㶣ǡ
ף覵δ򡣡
ŮԱ˵ȻδȻҲϣܹõһܺõĽ´ʲôϿ˵ֱӸֻҪףСȥһ桭
Ǿûбץֵˣ̬ûб𣿻ΪʱڼĺܺãѾԺõȥˡ
ʱһֱףߣ˭˽ף覵״̬
Դ´ץԺף覾һҹ޹
⼸ûôԹҲ̫áھֵ˾Ȼϣһȥ´ЩԽԽȥˡ
ϣץ´˾ף覣ΪǣҶǵҲ
һ˵ľһ״̬ͻȻɳʱͺױڵף覾״̬
ŮԱһѵ⣬æ˵ġֻϣܹϾ֡
ʵ͵ǰķ˶󲻳ҪǾʲô
ŮԱһҭ绰ͱҶˡ
תף覣һһ˵Ҫȥ
ףգգ۾˫ɢ
ٴ˵ģҪȥ
´Ǹӣ˭Ҳ֪ûף˵ʲô̼´Ѿץסˣֻʱ⣬ûҪȥ
ϣĹΪ´κεˡ
ÿףѹһΣľҪʹһΡ
ף覵۵׽˹⣬ᶨƵ˵磬һֱţϣЩֱˣЩˡ
ЩҪӵˣôܻȥӵһֱӮֻʣ±Ӻ͸ӵˡ磬ôһֱȻĻڡ
ΪЩˣһѱӵ˸ӮȥŻһֱǰͺ̣ΪԼ֡
ף˵Ҳ´
Բܣ´ˡ
˫ַļ˵֪𣬱ĵ׵ӮҸں㡣
´ǻںǸԺʲô³ҲܣֻǲϣףΪˣκһĲġ
ֻںף覡ֻҪܹúãνô
ףҪӮ´ףףѾӮ´ˣĲҪȥǸˡ
-

469ϲ

ףʲôû˵ߵǰֱס
ƴСؿڣĲ˲䡣
硭
˶˵£ɣҪ˲ġ
ֻ֪Եĺܡ
ֻı֪ףʲô˼ˡ
´ףĵⱲӶȥĿ
üס°͵Ķͷϣεʵôźá
ܾף覵Ҫȥ´ʲô취
˴Ӧѡ
ǰһѻ˵ˣҸͲף覻ּ´Ĵ㡣˭֪ڶһ磬ףȴһ˾ֵſڡ
ףֲ֣һ㣬ֲ˶һϳˡ
ףС㣡ˣԱΧȥ
̧һ˳ưףԼߴ˴оԱĸ첲
ף΢Դ˵򵥵㣬˴´Ǿߡ
ЩĿ׺˵ǾͲˣֻ´Ժ󣬿뿪
úáһԱǰ棬ƿһѶңȥԵһϰ´
ף覺ѶһѶҵžͱ˴ˡ
´˫ִһ󣬾ͷ˵Ҫ˾
´̧ͷף覵һ˲䣬ȻҲע⵽վףߵ˵ĴڣȫӰף覵顣
ף̧һۣ촽
ٴμˣĵ׻Ǿúܶģܲ
´첽˹ȥף覵ǰ
ֵ˵Ҫҡף˵
´ĵײ˵ȸԾþò
ԭΪף覲û뵽ˡ
ңһǺϣҾ챻´˵
Ƴһۣߴٵл˵ûġ
´һۣ־ð
ӺܾǰʼһֱھҪף覡ҲһֱֹĽӽû뵽ڣ̬ȡѵµϣԼ˺ף覣
ףʵʲôһҪҲ˵ģ
´ջߣĿͶףϡ
´ᣬǷŵЦʹǰܶһףЦĴ磺Ȼϣм飬һҪ׿ڸ㡣
ףԼ֣Ѿˣʲôֱ˵ɡ
´˵ĸס
ף͵̧ͷʵ㻹𣿡
һᵽף飬ף覾ͱü´ҲԭΣ˲١
´еĽ͵㵱ʱҲӦֻ֪һ⡣Ҳɱģ
ףʵǿ𣿡
´ͻɱĸҪ𣿵ڣ´ôҪΪԼµ⡣
ϲ
´ĬԺ˵ôһ仰
ףһ˫γ´ϡ
ѾСˣĺӣҲҪӦô´۵ףκεʱļ¶ͻϲ
ǵףʱףȴĴ۵׿˻ϲ
ϲͻ
ƭģϲף
´ҲĿ۾ĸס
ÿֻҪͻף
´˵Ҳ㲻ţұ㸸Ҫϲĸס
ף覵ĺһ죬Ϊϲף֪ǸΪ´ŭǱʲô飬ȲԼĸ׵ϧˣϾ衣
´ףٶİҲԶ޷Ϊͻ
ڸһУ
ŨҵİһﳾҲܱ԰ˡ
ףʵʲôϲ
ϲ
´˺ܾúܾǰĻ䣬۵׾Ȼ˸
ʱԣϲʲôء
ž˵ʱףԼɫʱǹɵ
˳ЦֻһܵʱԼ¶ĹЦݡ
ЩǺСС飬ǾΪЩС£ԼĽף
Ǵʲôʼòء
ǵվһ𣬿ô䣬˼ʵʱ
ǵףԼİ⣬ܵʱ򡭡
İΪʲôõĶȫ˲ϧԼȴʲôò
´ͷʵɱҲܺڡ
ô꣬ûǹףǸŮ̫ģȻһﶼûã
ʲôʽϣԼټһףףֱף観Լǰ
-

470²

ףǵĵһȥģȺУʵһ۾ϳףĺӡ
ĸŮ˳ô񣬽˼һ
ף観߹ʱҪʧֱףߵǰУ塣
һʱ´ĵײ֪ж࿪ġ
ŮһתѾôˣʱһֱҪúġĻᡣף覲ǲã̼ȥһΣҪԶԶġ
ԭҲԼǷףЩȫף覣ûĻˡ
ף覣ջߵһ
´˵֪ܣһ̼һ񽿺Բû̼ҶٵĹɷݣҪԸǺסҲܲš
м˽ԼȷŹ̼ҡ
ףʵҪ˭
仰˵´ܹ˭
´˵˺޹ġǸúӣҲûзʲôҰҵĹɷȫԺҪ̲̼ңǰ̼һ壬һ·
µ񣬶Լĸ׺ʹ磬ûʲôýġ
˺ӣϣһó·Ϊܱô˺һֱܾ
ף˵Ҳ㱨޹ߵˡ
˺һ㣬Ͳ˺ʲôǴ񽿺ԲĸŮ˵ˡ
ĸ׺ĶЩȫҪġ
´˵ܿܣһҺ֪㵽ʲôʱʼҵģ
ô
ףЦЦףһ飬۵ȴףȲϵļ㡣
ȥ־ٱɱ˵ʱ򣬲־Ϳʼˡ
´ŵĿʱͿʼˣ
ʱף観˰ٱ˵ɱˣûбĶˣΪףǭ¿ûġ
ץҲһֱΪף覺⡣ôǴǸʱʼͲأ
ף˵ʱ򱨾Ϊץ㡣
Ϊץң
ףôΪץΪʲô
´ʵΪұýǣȻ¶ţ
ף覵ͷԡ
Щ鲢Ǳ濴ľࡣȥָ´ɱˣҪ´Ի
Ǹʱץס´ĵһҪ壬˵ֻҪ´ýǣ㹻ˡ
̼ⰲһЩˣЩ´ߵһ죬úõ´̼´ʧԭĶԡ
´һεԺ󣬹ȻͿʼĴϢʲôС˶ţҳʲô´ԽļƻԽ׳ɹ
´ʵСˣ
ףҪȥʬϢСġ
˶ף覣ûκһ˵õףҪ뿪ϢֻС飬ûСİæôɣ
ףЦЦһֱǡ
һʼûС壬ߣֻΪ˰ȥ´߶ѡСϢֻҪõأͲ
С嵱¹飬ҲһʼͰźõһϷ
Ϊ˱֤Сܹúõȥ´ﴫͼϢСûиߡ
֪ˣֻغ
´üʱûһ԰ʾʱôļ٣Ҳֱֱףںõ
ףԤʬͿҪҲ֤˼ûУȥɽڷֹ
һףƵǺá
һôһסܲˡ
´˵Ҳƻһ֣Ϊľҡôܿ϶һҵ㣿
ףʼ磺һֱȷ
ֲϵɣƶ´ͻŴ߹ȥС塣ûаеϣСϹ
㻹´һ㶣㻹߰˱ˣ
ף˵ֻҪʱ䵽ˣȻѿʬϢȥڴİ취к֣ܶδؾҪС塣Сã˸㴫ϢоͽƿĶ̬
ֻ´ʱȻС壬ͰϢ˳ѡ
´ʵԭȵʬأҵ㣬ߵˣڱš㲻лȻϻתƹľģʲôʱģ
ףʵһֱңӦûһֱŸɣߵˣҲûôŰɣ
´һ㶣Ťͷ
ôˣ߻кü֣
һģȫ԰Լɳȥף¡
-

471¸˶

ףԼõļƻףʱףȺصϻ壬ףԭĹľˡ
´ȥٷصʱڵĲһٵĹľ
ҲǵЩ鶼źԺף覲´ͳԼϢ
֮´ΪŻ̼ᰣᰲܽй¶Լѱ顣
´Լ汻ץסѱԼͰҪʬϢȥڶʮֽȡ
´лᷢǸ壬Ϊһʵ̫ˣһļͻȥ֤١
ʱҪʬʱǰ´Ҫȥ֤٣ͻʬʱ䡣´йȻҶЩʱ䣬ԲŻ׼õĿ
´ЦŴĺܴ
ף˵Ҳҵĸ׸ġ
´ǰףͻѡԭ´Բᡣ
ĸӵеĶԶ˵νѧϰ
ֻҪ´ٲֻҪ´ܵӦе̷Ԩ
ף˵վȥ
һߣҲµӸ
ף覵ַŰѵʱ´ȥһ˾۷аɣǱܵĶġ
ףһ㶣ͷһۣʲô
´ϵ˵ȥ˾֪ˡ
ףʵʲô
´α˵ҪֻҪ˵ף覣Щ˾ͻѶġ
ףŤͷһۣЩ´ʹʲôϷ
һı뿪Ѷҡ
뿪Ժ󣬾Ӷӳ߽ѶңѶҵţ´˵ֵ㽻ˡ
ǴףͽԼУ´ŵġ
´̧ͷ΢΢һЦ
й
뿪Ժף覺ȥһ˾۷С
ǱУǮ˶Ǯ
ף覺ϵʲһ߽о˹ʵλʲôҵ𣿡
ף˵´ңжȡ
оʵСǡ
ף覡
оһ㶣´ȷеĽһЩҲ߹ЩԺԱһף覵ߡ
ǰʱ䴫ף覰´ץ˵ϢҪЩŪˣΪ´ףֳ֮ʲôìܣĿɳˣҲܳˡ
û뵽ף覾Ȼȡˡ
ף覼оһֱĬʵȡ𣿡
о˵Ȼǣλ
´ף֮䷢ʲôҪֻͻҪ
оǰף覴·ǴǽһϢңȻ˵λԵȣȥȡ
ף覺һоһСӻˡ
ף覵ͷһۣװͨǺܳĶҲûзʲôرġҲ֪´ʲôӡ
ϻһСо´ͬһǱܵԿҲݸף覡
ף覽ӹԿףС䡣
ڷŵЩף㶣ִһΡ
һӵĶȫǽΡ
ϸ͵һףĶͬһ֮֡
Щȫĸ׵ļױ
ףǸ޽̼ҵģȥļױβףԺ󣬾һ˴ף
ѵʱףֻܵ䵱ԼߵЩμױǮӡ
ףļױףСʱѾʣ޼ˡף覼ǵú
ףϵĴŵӣףĶǻΪǸģôֵǮ
һ㶣ôᡭ
ԣԺ󣬾һֱڷѾѰҵףƶʱ䵱ĶǷ˾ţ֮ҲֻһеһԶ
ĽΣȻȫ´ˣ
ʵЩһ͹𣿡
⵹ǣо˵Ǹһʱ䣬ͻһιŽǰǰҲʮˡŻôණ
ףһ㶣ʮˡ
Ҳζ´ɱף֮ǰһֱ͵͵ռףĶһ콻Լ
ףĵײɵζӳ¡
ǰԺ´޵ĺܴ⣬Ҫô´ˣ
˵İԼĸ
ĵȷȷɱĸѽ
ף覺ӣ۾³һ
һڿʱƬģԶ˽˵ʲôġ
ͺ´ȴҲ
о˵ǱܵĶˡȻףСˣĶ߰ɡҹƣҲٻЩˡ
´Ϣ˾֪Щ˽ף覣ҲûбĴ÷ˡ
ףףлл
-

472ƿعȨ

´ӰĻۡ
һ˵̼ҳ˸ɱ˷Ķӣ;Ҳʲô˼ң˴̼˻ҥԡ
ϵ鱾һʲô˳⣬ʲôеûҥԶᱻ˴
ȥ֤ЩϢ٣֤ҸϲԶﴫİ취ʾԼġ֪
´ץԺ۵һǧɡ
ͬʱף覵Ŀ̩۳һҹ֮˲١ԭǩͬḶ́תͶ˿ۣһٴ˲СӰ졣
֮󣬱ִһϢ
Ǿ´ɱˣӡҲΪһСźԭ˻顣
´֮Ϊһİӣ˷˼⡣ˣԲʹҲڸ˵ǲҪ
´ץ۴Ӱ죬ֳ£Ҳⶼʼ̼ҵĹָָ㡣
ʱ᰾ͿʼԼжʱ۵ĹȨˡ
ﲻʱ̼ҵš
ʱΪ۵⣬æĽͷö۵⣬ȴûʲôɫ
ŵʱ򣬶ĸ̼ܵҵԵա
̼Ҹܵգʵѵãĵײɵðһʹĸо
ǰǱҿ֧ˣҲЦʱˡ
һ̼ҵĴžʹ󷽷̼ҵӶҲҸߡһͳˣӶֻܰ
ʱ˶Եüûо񣬻Ӷ˷ţŹȣߵ
´йʵ飬Ѿ̣ԺҪִǹˡ֪ϢԺ˲СĴ̼ǰˡ
᰼ӣЦ常ɫǰ
лʵר̽б飿
˵ҶǡһˡҾͲ˵һˡһֱ´̼ҵ⣬۳⣬Ϊ̼ҵһӣȻҲҪΪ̼ҳһ
Ȼ岻ãȻᰵĻʵʲôܳʲô
ֱ˵۱ƹܵôãԺֱƹܰɡ
ҪûùȨ
Ц常ôô˵أҲҪΪ̼ҷǡ常ɲҪֺˡ
ۣ۵׵ĵԶ׼Ҫ̼ҵ⣬Ҫû٣
һǰûҰĻͦġ
常ɱô˵常ɻǵãǰ̼ҵﱲ˽йһαԡ˵ﱲ˭ͱǮǮ࣬˭ܴ̳мҵ
ЦЦѾ̼ңԲҲĲ²ֻҵгϢڲۣԺ̼ҵļҲ˵ҲҵĺӼ̳Сֻǰʱǰһѡ
ʵЩ̼ҸֵĺǶչѵ㾹Ȼ̼ҵ⣿
չˣ
᰺ЦһЦ
常⻰˵Լ𣿡
ǰ۰ٷ֮ʮĹɷݣ̼ĺֳȴԶûӦõһࡣ
̼ЩһֱĴѹҲ̼Ҷչˣ
ǿЦ
˵̼ҷѣΪ̼ұûб£ŻŪء̼ҽңž飬ҲǱ̫ѹ
ŭȻϵĹɷݣ̼ҵ˵ӹܾͽӹܵģͷĹɷݶǵûʸƿ̼ңھ͸ҹ
ʱҲڱ˵֪ͨ»ˡ
󼸸֣֪̼ҵͼ
ᰵĶʵ̼⻼㲻취⣬ҪûȨʸ𣿡
Це˵⻰˵ˣ̼ҴͷĹɷݣҵ̼ҵ飬ȻҲ˵㡣Ҳǲǵ̫ѿûаڴǰ
Цô֪ϲжɷݣҲ˵ִ󻰣
˵ҵϣѾ˰ٷ֮ʮĹɷݣǲǺϵĹɷһˣ
һ㶣ʲôʱôɷݣ
᰼˵ףҲаٷ֮ʮĹɷݣ˵ĹɷݼɲǱĹɷ١̼ҵ⣬ѵӦǹ𣿡
һۣǳ
Ȼ׹֮ǰںףף
-

473㱻ƭ

ЦܰңҲܰﵽⳡϱûԶĵˡǱҺìܣҲҪǱһһף԰ɣ
ʵףô۵Ĺɷݣ
ᰵ˵ͲùˣףĹɷݣҲҹܡ
ԭŪһԺȴͻȻЦĿ˵ǲǾԼף覵֣Ϳƿ̼ҵľӪȨᰣ㱻ƭˣ
˵ǿںףˣƿ̼ңҪǰɣ
ǰϸǰһףʲôƭģǲף֣˵Щ
ͷ¶һĨЦ⣺ĺܲ˽ף覡Ҫֵ˵ˣ󶼻ְ⵹̼飬Ҳֻš
Ǻף覶Ѿֶ֪ٴˣÿһף覶Ըǡ᰾ȻҪͨף覺Ըңʵ޴
Ȼ֪ףʲôƭᰣȷţӦþǱף覸ƭˡ
ü˵˵ʲô
ЦǲǺ˵ȥףһʾˡԸ֣Ӧûϵ۵Ĺɷתø㣬ȥʣܴܲף覵ƽҪɷݡ
ףʲôˣͲ˼ȴǶҪ١
᰻ΪԼܴףõô
ף覶ԸңҲֻóǱ˻ڰǮ
ӣȻҲҵ̼ҪӪȨЦ
͵ᰣʲô£ǵףԺ̸ɡ˵ףȥءһһ벻ľϲ
᰿ۣһʱ׼ĵ׵ʲô
ӿҲ˵ѡ
̼ѾʧȥˣҲһʱȥףһ棬˼ԺԼҲԵ̫
ᰴɳվ˵ãҾȥף覡õĹɷȨ棬̼Һ̸ʱǿɱˣӪȨ
ЦƺѾԤϵ֮
ȵ뿪Ժŭ˵ۿ̼ܴûˣ˭Ҫһţһ˾ˣ᰾ȻҲһͷǣ
ɫҲֻԺ̼ڱǲôˡ
뿪ֻʼ֮ʣҪĴףõ˹ɷݣǱҵˣӾͻñڻѡ
յ˵۵ܲãҪǩĵӶˣЩۣҲһֱȥȥòһ꣬۾Ҫա
һ´۵ӰѾôˣ
Ҳ´̼Ӱ죬û뵽Ӱ쾹Ȼôҡ
˵ֹ۳Ѿͣˡ
ʵΪʲôͣ
֮ǰۻѻڲֿû취Ҳ۹ʣ˷ԭϡôͣİ취
֮ǰĹҪǽԼȥôһ⡣ȥٳһ궼䱣صĹơôʵĿ۸
ף覽´飬ʵǸ̼һβСĴ
˵ڱҶ̸´飬ֻҪһ첻ͣ۾һȥҲ֪ʲôʱǸͷ
߬ȭͷĵ˵ף˵Ķ
һ鶼Ǵףģûף覣ͲкЩ顣
̼Ե´ͽεҪٵ̼Ҳ
֪һʼͲӦһȿȿȡ
Ϊ˵̫һҵĿԡ
һԲĿ𣬴ϵա˶촽ƺʲôҪ˵ȴʲôҲûз
˵ĻԺ󣬾͵һʱȥ̩۳ף覣ҪҪʣĹɷݡ
ף覼Ҳȣ۳һ裬ºȡ
Ȳһ᰾ͰѲ豭ŵϣף覡
ףֵ̧סĻ̲ҵɣ˵ҲҾ˾˴ӽĲҶȺȲ衣
᰺һڲ˵̼źҽǲϰѾӪȨҡǾǲײĲᣬѾˣ
֮⣬ֻҪף覰߬ŵĹɷתʣµ飬ͶӭжˡֻҪǵĹɷ֣̼ұҵЩˣҲʲô
-

474Ҷʱ

ĵʵҲ֪˵Ļм棬˵ⷬʱһֱϸϸ۲ף覵ı顣
ףԴӼ´Ժ˶ȴǰ˲٣ɫҲȴǰࡣ᰽һϯԺȴûʲôӦЦ
õĹɷݺƽҪбһ㣬˵˺ԼĹɷʹȨתһϵĹɷݻҪ㣬ôܰѾӪȨ㣿
˵꣬ף覵ͷЦЦֲСлͻᱻŵȻԹ
Ȼ˵ϲǻĹȨĹȨҵĹȨһ˭Ȳһ̼סӪȨ
ף覺Ȼ˵̲⻰˵ģҿɾͺͿˣҵĹȨҵĹȨôϣǰ˲۵ĹȨҵĶô֧أ
ף̧ͷᰣ۵һ˿
һ㶣Ŀף覡
˵ˣף´ף覰õ̼ҵľӪȨƿ̼ҡףȴ˵ǹȨģԼ֧䣬ǹȨѵףŪ
ɫһһʵ뷴ڣ
ףǳЦ⣬ҪĻҪãôܷء˵õ̼ҵľӪȨһֻҪ߹ȨǲҲҪһӦĴۣ
˵ҵȻĹȨ۵Ĺɷݣһᰴϵļ۸
۸񡣡ף峺³һѪĻҪĹȨ۸񡣡
ᰶʱλվһ˫۾ף覣ʲô㲻ǲ֪Ҫļ۸⻹ȥأ
ףüëһǮ෸ɲΥҼ͵顣
˵׵ʱ򣬿û˵Ҫļ۸Ȩۣ
ףЦе˵ʱͬգɼ۱һһ䡣̲ҪǾҳļ۸⣬ԲڡԺҼǻкһġ
ף覵ĻʮֵĽʲôû˵ˣ᰸ᡣ
˵ûף覸ŪûҪ̼ҵľӪȨ
һǴһʼ˽ĶԲߣ͵ŽԼǮ
ǽְ̼ҵ˸壬ҪһǮף覵̴ÿǺá
ĹȨ۸һȥŪôǮף覣˵ĺһʼǸ޳ܵ壡
һֱվף˵̲˳סѵҲס
ףЦȻԼܸףӲӲ
ڹȨף覵ϣҪǸף˺ˣԿĻ
룬˵㲻Ҫ̼ҵı˹òòӪȨ˭飿
Ϊļ۸õףϵĹȨֻ취ף覿Լļֵ
ףһ֧Դһ˰׵ָţƺ˼ʲô
ȻھǸǿ֮ĩ´ڸֹҪһֱӪˣҲòһأԼͻᵹգ֮󱾼ҵЩ˵һĺܲҵ
ԣûõᰵĵط
ᰲƿ۵ľӪȨҲһ̼ܰ
ȻΪʲôҪѾأҰģҪԵ̼ңͱΪҰĸһۣҪĹȨ۸񣬲ְɣ
˵ڣеĸ졣
ף̧ͷһۣȻЦҶʱ䡣
ʲô̸мɣ̼ҵʧܣҲõٿС
ǡǡ෴̼ҵǰܣ˵һܡż̼һҹ̨֮
̼ѾûʲôĻˣĺȥ
ֻ᰿ܵȲôʱ䡣
ҧ㵽ô
ףɫ˵ˣĹȨ۸ǮҸɷݡǻݻ
һҭ㣡
Ȼû٣ף̫޳ˣ
ǧ㣬û㵽һ㣬˵ˣ͹ף覵޳ԣ
ף˵̲᲻ЩǮѽ룬Ҫõ̼ң˵»Իʱʲô˵㡣Ȼռ˱ˣʵҲ˿
һб˶ףһռȥˣܳʲôǵ˱˻ԣ
ףЦѽҪٴǿⲻǸҵĿֶ̩һ𣿾ӪȨɲС£õܵõĶɱǰЩҪˡ
ЦͲٻͷֶԸ㣿
-

475ûôǮ

ףһСȻҲǰҫвףƾʲôô⣿
ףôҪ⵹̼ңͲףһҲͷּԸ
ףвζ治ɫ˵̲̼һֱҵĵˡȥ֣˵ҲѾûʲôͬˣһѵ𣿡
᰻ȥ̼֣ҲֻǺ֮ǰһԸ̼Ҷѡʲôµģ
һҭ
ף覼˵̲֮ǰĻѾȥ̼ˡ̼ҵӦҲ˼ٻȥͶϣļж󣿻仰˵𣿡
֮ǰûȲȥ̼ҪӪȨںԼ̸أѾ̼ǰ¶ԼҰˣôܼ
취ϵĹȨͲˡ
ף˵Ҷ̼ѾûʲôȤˣҲν֮ôչҿ̲̼ҵľӪȨƺͦںһ䣬̼ڵֹۣҪõӪȨ۸ͷ棬̼ҾҪ׿̨ˡ
ʱ᰾õ˾ӪȨҪҲֻһտӡ
ᰵ̼ҵĶôãһҲϣõԺ󣬾ʣһöûеĿտӡ
֮ԼҪõӪȨҪ۵ȥ֮ǰ°װȻٴ𣬴ӱվ
ף覺ĵҪĵʲôᰲ֪ҪĶʲô̸еʱףҪƵĶࡣ
ҧſھҪļ۸Ȩɲôģ
ףЦôġ
ף˵֪ļ۸еߣֵֻҪ߹Ȩ̼ҾҲûκɿֹӹˡ
ף覺һڲ裬˳ָһûһµţʮĵ
ıԲҰȴʮ㣬ҪĶҲ١ȴûеʲô鶼ηηβԼԺ֮ܵǰò׻ļҵĥĥûһ
ԼҪɼۣ֪ԸҪĥòһ
ʵαؾᣬ᰸ûѡԼȨ۵ԺĹɷҲϡ˵ǾӪȨŵù㲻ˡ
һƲ᰾ٶɷݶûá᰾ǲðա
ĹȨ۸ף覵ɷݣ˵ȷһǮҪһСģǼҶ۽ȥ̼ᡣ
ף覵ָûĽද˻Ȧһ֧ԴĿǰĲ豭ôãѾЩͷˡ
ᰵľʵǲżҲѹ֮ǰ̼ôãûõһô
һֻҴѹȻɵġ
Ժᰲɫѿıһ仰ûôǮ
ˣף̫ʲôôˣһóôǮҲ
ףĵ˵ԱڱǵķزǱĵطءǮôǺˮֻҪһǻеġ
һ㶣̶ʲǲҪǵϵ
άԼҲĳ룬ôףϵĹȨ
ף覵̬Ӳʯͷû취ֻʵף覣ô˵ҵҲץ´ϰ㡣ѵͲҲ𣿡
ƺף覲Ӧ᰻˵ڵڱѾĺܴˣ˵̩۳һ֣͹ˡֺαΪңҲЩǮ
ףζĿЦݺͰס
Ҳǫ˵ʱ
ĻȴЦһףǲЩǮҪһ㡣
᰺Ҳֻһʱģȵ᰽̼ҵľӪȨǺܿͻɾ֡һδľ֣ף覿û˼ʰ֮ġ
̼ЩעҪվڶ棬лᣬȻó᰻ûõӪȨʱѹһѹ
Ժ᰽̼ңҲΪͷ׾ݣʩչֽšȵٰ̼ҷʱĿ̩۳ҲѾڱվ˽ŸһҲкô
ʲôʱףܿȱ˸Զĵط
̲ͷʲҿ۸Ҫģ֧ġ
ף˵ſ˿죬Ѿˣһ;˾˺;ؽͲ̲ˡʲôʱþҰɡ̲һһĴ𰸡
ף˵꣬߳˰칫ңһ
ԭҪסû˵ɡ
һ̼Һף߳Աᰵɫֱһ鱻˲ȹƤ
ף뿪˰칫ңһֱϳ֮ǰ΢Ц
-

476ºαذ׷ѹ

ҪףƻؼҲףʱܿᰵĽڣš
ʱô꣬ףף´ҲѾһеһУﶼѾԲˡ
ףϵҲѾȫˣҲûڱչıҪǷһȥһĸףڸߵķʽǻĥĥ
ڻվڣǣף覵˵ĸ׵ĹľѾƻؽˣҲѾúõˣ㲻õġ
ף覵˵ͷǳһĨЦ
Ƭ̺ӳóһӣݸơ
ף˵Ķǰģ鷳Ǵȥø⹫
ף򿪺ӿһۣ治ٶף޳ȥΣϵá˵òõǼ꣬ͰЩˡ
ףЩôȫ
ף覲²˾Ҳ´飬ûнеھ˾˶ԣ´ٶ࣬û塣Ϊĸ׵˺ǲģԶڵġ
ĸ׵ҲףԶˡ
ף˵͸ҵġõʱҲ⡣
ףüͷ˭ռôఢĶ͸ף覣
ףЦЦתףע˵⹫һҲ裬ǰҰЩȥ⹫һЩһοġ
ףļױףһ׼ģٴοЩһܿġ
ЩףԶǡ
ף˼˵ѾܾûлؽˣҪʱ䣬ͻȥһ˰ɣ⹫㣬ҲȥǨĹء
ף覵˵ͷ˵ǰҴߵͻȥ
ףֿһվߵ˵ףҵĹͽˣؽǰҪúչҪȥԺˣǿҪʻģ
ͷЦǷģؽǰһһװֵף覡
ܵͣдԣףһ
ף覺ߺߵ׾ͺˣ˭Ҫְ˶ѿ
ڱǰҪǿһ򵥰СŲҪء
糤ôÿкܶ춢Ҫ׷ҪԼٳˣЩ˻Ц
һЩܲЩ֦չŮ˻ᡣ
ȴС¹һˮĴ۾˵ֵĺãϲġ
ף覲ţͷƭˣĳˣͲҪˡ
϶˵ϲһģǵȵŮӳ֣ĵһġԼӡ
С޼ӣףΨһһ㵣ҲˡǣƵ˵߰ɡ
Ƶͷһ߽˻վ
˵Ӱܿʧڻվˣף覿һۣ˵Ҳȥɡ
Цɫȴǰ˺ܶࡣ
ҲΪĽѾ⿪ˣڵףֺʹǰһЦ۵Ҳ˹⡣
ԭȥ´Ժ󣬻ٴңڿȫԼˡӣҲͷˡ
ףǣվߣʵ磬Ժʲôţ
˼Ƭ̣˵ǵ鶼ѾĲˣ̼ҲɴȵҿҪһ
Ǵ﷢ļңʱ䣬ҲѾܾûлȥˡܲһֱȥ
ͷʵأ
ף˵ʱؽ꣬ɡ
ʵǵأ𣿡
ף˵һʼûڱǡǸɿˣ԰ҿš۳ֻҪΰڣӦҲʲô
ף覻ͷ˵ڵϢһʱ䡣
ǮΨһ׷Ҫ鶼ѾˣҲҪԼŸĳ١
˫ֲڴͷЦЦף覵ĲһֱƴҲ͵еʱ򡣡
ף˵ʱѹԼûƳ͵вǴء
̧ͷǱߣ˵㡣
һ㡣ף覲ĿԼѾܾûҶӢϢˣǰʱذϵҲҲˣǲʲô
һ㶣뵽֮ǰҶӢ˰ף˵飬ɫʱͳʲô
ףͷ˵֮ǰ鲻йأΪŰңһ
˵ǸŮ˲ģαذ׷ѹ򡣡
ף˵֪Ľͣһ
ŲҶӢ飬ȴҪġڽô
ǿЩ
ҶӢЩȻãţҲں
ףʵǲˣ
˵֪һתġ
-

477Ҫ

һܺ󣬿̩۳İ칫ݻǩļֱ𽻻˸Ե
ף覰ǩõļһصվһֻ˵̲졣
ᰵɫѿѣεĺܲ죬ȴָף覶̴ٵա
ΪõףϵĹɷݣ⼸û취Ǯ֮ǰðĲٷزҲ⼸ˣҳǮף۵Ĺɷݡ
ˣܺᰵ
ѾûжӯĿռˣõ˾ӪȨҲٰǰһ˶ãûбҪΪһӪȨȥæǰæڡ
ףȴ֪ôĿġ
׻˵úãձ
۾ٲҲôҲǸӡ
һ㣬ͨٴƴһء
᰿ӣǿԲԺȣСӯࡣôһܱҳ⣬ô
ٲãʵڳŲȥˣҲ԰תָˡôȻԼ
ڻڱҵϣ᰾ûлӴ۳񣬾ǱҪƲҪӣֵ֪ܷǮ
ڳҪôöһ˾᰾ð˲١
ף覵ĹȨתõĺͬٴλص̼ҵʱ𳹵ɵˡû뵽Ϊƿ̼ңô㼸ԼеĻȥҲÿϧ
ڱǰüһء
ֲ˼ּ䲻ĵʱԼڻһˡ
᰿̼Щʵǻʲô˵۵ľӪȨңӦû˰ɡ
ǰ¼̿ߣоԼ˶ݹ
ϵĹصڵϣߵʵ̼ʲô״㲻֪㾹ȻȨǸФ
ᰵõԼһֱҪĶƾôԼҲŭ
ЦҲʲôֻ֪ڸҽˡԸ⻹ǲԸ⣬쿪ʼҾ۵Ĵͷϰˡ
뵽Լü뵽Լĺӣڿվڸߵĵطĵ׾;ޱ⡣
û˵ȻǶѾõȨˣʲôֱȥ԰ڣ
뵽ԼٳһӵļҵҪߣĵ׻Ǿòģա
Ц常⻰˵ľͲˣǲǻһӪ˶ѡ˵⻹̼ҵĲҵ۳˶࣬ҪֵǰȥǺѿ
˵ûЦ᰽ô꣬һֱûۣܰԸ̼ͷ˵ϱĵһܵɣ
˵Լ룬ɫһ䡣
ĿڵӪ˵ĺϷֵԺȥҲû˵˵òô̡ңǽһҪ֪ͨǡ
֪ͨķС̼ҵһ֮ʲôʱ̼Ҳֵ֪ͨˣ
˵ģסӣȨһֱǼ¼۵£ƹˣӣȻҲҪջ
üͷһ壺Ǵ̼Ҹϳȥ
Gô˵Ǹأᰰ˵۵̫ãֻҪܵĻʽ𣬰۶ȹѹأⷿӱµʲҲֻﾡöѡ
˵ĺҪǸߣ
Ĺصڵذ˵һûأֲ̼
Ц常ںѾˡԸԸ⣬ⷿӣðᡣ
Ϊ˹Ȩ飬ף˲̼˵㣬ǰǰһ𣿲ܣ
黹ѵͰߣǻͦżġ
һӵ˹µˣϰ˱˶İƴӡڿ֧̼ǰҫһֶʼﶼ˻ǵĴϢ
ǣǲҪ̫
˵̫ǰǱҵʱ򣬿û֧ݵ˿˵һ˵õȮ죬Ҹʱ򣬿һ㶼ûչ˹ǡ
֪˵̫ˣʲôȥˣûõɷתõĺ֮ͬǰɻǺǰһǰҫء
۾ʵҶ̣ô±Ժ˴˵û𣿡
ߵˣҲǰװ֪ǮӱһķӲ¡죬ʱҪǲߣǾˣ
⻰˵ľ壬һҲԼ̼ҵ
òǷĻᣬ᰷ǵô֪̼ҵ˭˵
᣺㣡
౾ͲãһؿûĿһۣȻõ˹ȥ
鿴һʱɳվŵɫҰףû˸ղŵĶׯ
æ߹ȥӳóһҩι£ͷ᰷ʵǲǴıҰ֣
ָ˵ʲô£Լ岻ã컰ǴˣԺǾ÷ӣ
¼˵껰Ժæ뿪̼ҡ
-

478

ףڻеĺŲ衣
ЩȫǻǮ
ףЦе˵ûˣȴǰҪЩ
С˵ⲻǿҪ𣿹깤Ҳżˣ˶ˡ
ԺȻʱȥĵطһߡڱôпյȻù䣬⿴ȴǰһЩ
ʱкü̻˵ҪҪ̸ͬءϰ
СҪף覵裬ȴֺûˮˣֻȥˮ
С뿪Ժز˵˵ǰѾ̼˴լϳȥˣһҶʱסڱһͨķ
ףϢõĲˣڱǰһӣȴҪ˿Цĵһܲʹ졣Ҽǵ໹̫ãһβ֪᲻ᱻ
̼ҵﶷͿġ
̼ҵĴͷץԺָֻˡ
ǰѹô꣬ںò˳ͷ֮գ붼֪ʲôùӳԡ
̼Ҿ֣ҲԼﶷˡ
ףŤͷʵû˵Բʹ񽿵𣿡
ĸ׵λã̼ң̼ôˣûԵӦס˲Ŷԡ
˵飬Ҳ֣ûô˵йص顣Ҫ֪ȥ
ףףȥʰɣҵЩǵĽ
һֱѪԼȥˮΣֱûѪԺôأ
ĬĬֶף˵һһֱú֣һֱԥҪҪ㡣
ף̧ͷЦǶʶˣʲôǲ֪ģ˱ԺôŤŤģ
ߵű߹˻ҵţתף˵С⡣
ףһ㶣ô˵
ĪеĻţҲҽˣʲôֵ顣
˵ҷڰҹ˵Ĵ绰Ժȴѳһ϶˯ûгš
ף˵ʲôܲ˷֡
˶ܣƾһ£Ҳ˵С⡣ף覲ԩˡҪŪˣߵĺĵġ
ףʵ֮㻹зʲô𣿡
ذյ˵һԺʹǴݾˣڶûٱֳκ쳣
ĵиС˾⡣Ҫף覣Ժô죿
ף˼Ƭ̵ģ˵ȷţҲҪţȼɡǺ꣬һ¶β͵ġȲǵɡ
ڶ죬ؾʹһֱĸŮĽף覣ʳˣһֱҽԺء
ףʵҽԺʲô˭𣿡
˵һδΪˤסԺԺ󣬾һֱûгԺҴһ£ƺ˵׵ˣ˱ҽ˺ܾãڶ²˵ءҽ˵Ժ߲·ˡ
ף뵽ԼסԺʱʱȥҽԺչ˴񽿡ǾȻʱһֱҽԺˣѹֲˣҲû˵ǵ顣
ף覲ôˤģôôأ
˵Ҳ˵ڼˤġҪŪ飬ֻԲߴ񽿱ˡ
ף˵ǲܰԼҵġ
ĸŮıûУǶľȴʮ㡣
ף覶ʵæô
ҡҡͷǲæ
ףֱߵ˵ǾͺһȥһҽԺɡ
ȣվһҡףȥӡ
˺ܿҽԺ񽿵ĲԺף覴ֱӹȥˡ
Բڸ񽿲֣񽿿ԼŮ͵ʵ֮ǰ˵Ǹҽʲôʱ
ʱ䣬Ѿ˲ҽǸԺ󣬶˵ûа취񽿲аҲϽԼʵҪҽ
Բͷ˵ҽ˵ˣεг̣ǡ
ɻô᲻أǲǸǮࣿûĵģԽԽˣɵöΪ룡ȥǸҽֻҪκҵȣǮǼҶ𣡡
˵Ǯ飬Բɵ÷ë˵裬ҽˣȾǺòˣôǲأͷҪôȥ𣿡
-

479СˣЦʲô

һüβ͸߸ߵĵһָݺݵشԲĶͷѾͷô˵أȺòˣΪǵҽûб¡Ҫǻ˴طҽһκáҵŮ㲻Ϊ룬ң㰲ʲôţ
Դ˫Ȳ·Ժ󣬴񽿵Ƣһһ
һ˵Уһ˵ҽСԲԼչһ죬񽿶Աµ߶һ졣
˵ˣǲܽԼ˫взϵ顣
˵ǲ¸ҽҪܶǮҸ㣬ҪûңͲ㡣㶼ôˣҪþТ㾹ȻҲ˵ڣ㻹һʺһأʱҪڣͰںˣ
ĳ˳ϸŵıӣڳ屻˫ȱκãҲֵΣǶȥҽң
ԲһίŵҲڱյĳŴ񽿺ⶼʲôʱˣ㻹ֻԼڴϣ֪̼ʲô̼ѾûǮˣҪҽβĶôף
缸ʱ˵᰽۵飬ȥʰ֣ǰȴʲôûһ׷ʣ־ͷ˼ԺԲ֪̼ûָˡ
үүլ˳ס˱ĵط
᰺ǼҴûн飬۵ľӪȨԺ󻹲֪ҪôԸء
뵽Լǰ׵ڣԲһļҪЩͨ˼ҵŮһȥŲӦ
Բڷôȴ˽ǮԺãڹȴֻȣҪȥʲôҽ
˼ҽʱ
񽿿˫ͨԲһ㶣̼ûǮˣ
̼ôûǮأ̼ôһ۳ǵǮⱲӶ꣡
˫Ȳ·˶ԴѾһ̼ʱٵˣһͷϡ
񽿽ŵʵ˵ʲôأ̼ôˣ
ҽԺôã񽿵Ϣʱͨ
վſڵףƿڵ˽Ц̼Ұˣ˺üˣ㻹֪𣿡
ףɵȲ񽿵üͷͽšСôˣ
Բף覣ʵʲô
ףߵߵһ˵ĸ׵ϢƺǺͨ˵˵̼ҵ顣
Բף᲻ѣָŲſ˵òţҳȥ
ЦžĲƷԲ˵С㣬ô׳ƣʵר̽ġ
˵ǲƷʵҲ·ϣ˳Ķ
Ȼûʲô⡣ףһʼҲ񽿱ʲô⣬ֻҪһ̽Ľڶѡ
ף覿ԲһۣЦôã㻹ǺҸʱһһĶûСʲô˼޲öдԼϸ˿Ժɲˡ
Բ͵ҵõܣδҲ̫ˣ
ף覵ͷ˸Ͳڵ·˵ǰ̼ҵĴС㣬Ȼô˵û⣬˦ɫҲһȥǽʱͬգ̼һܣ˾ûбҪȡˣһ㣬㲻𣿡
Բߵףǰ˵˵òܣҵľôԼ飬ֲ
µ񣬺ΨһԲֻܿԼʮ㡣
ԽǴ˵ͱֵԽ顣
׵ǲ߸ϵѻһеġ
ףȷˣԲԺҲɲʲô
Ťͷ򲡴ϵĴ񽿣һĨЦ⡣
ʵСˣЦʲô
ף˵ҾԼĴµĸоô
޳ܵСˣ
ҪӴӲ°ûһоҲʹһͲŲзϵ壬ӴϷȥ
裡Сģ
Բʱ߻زߣס񽿵Դǵײذ岻ɡ
ԲѴ·زɺã񽿵ĺһմ棬ȶԺ˵СӣԺ͵ǰҫ𣿡
ףü˵˵ҫ˵ڵľ̬Ϊʡʵʵ˵ӣĵ׻ͦġ
˵ףֲɵ̾ϢǰһֱԼǸĹôҲûж
ϣûȥͬ񽿡
-

480øҰһ

ƽƵ˴񽿱סϣ˼ʵ㲻ҪĴʱԼнһ˵Ľ³㲻үıӦ
Բһߵף覵ǰ˵ף覣㹻ˣ
ˣף覱ĵ˵ѵʵ𣬴񽿸ʲô캦飬ѵĲ֪
ұ죡
ԲҲȥף裬־Ҫף覵Ķ⣬ȴȥ֮ǰץסˡ
Բе֣ҹ
ץԲ֣ԱһƣԲײ˴µĲ
ף覵̬ľͺǲĺʵֻ仰Ǿ;ò𣿼Ȼ±˴ӱǣǱôʹڱǰſ˫Ȱ
ףԶûа취ԭ´񽿺Բԭ´һ˵ĳ֣ٵԭƽ͵ļҡ
ĸĸ֮ûи飬ҲԹྴ
ȱʧһͯİǱǰĸŮ͵ġ
ڴ񽿰죬ףֻá
Ф˵ΪܲסԼ°Բ˽ŮŻʹ񽿽顣
Ϊһʱ嶯ʹ񽿷˹ϵΪ֮и飬˲ŹһҲ֮İ飬ͱϵΰ
һз֮ǴǼܵĹˣʲôܵΪ޳ܺ
ʲô̺Ϳƶʲô
ף覵ĵ׾һŮˡ
ΪǮûʲôġ
񽿱ףòᣬ߬µĴף覺СˣСһҪ˺죡
ԺҲǷ˺ЩӮף޸
ھȻҲֵףµСֶ䳰ȷˣ
ôʵ£
ףƳһ˫ʵ˺ҵ죬ĵڻбǰվ𣿡
ף̾һҽ˵һҲֹۣһҲվˡҪҪ˫ȣƵûǮǲ֪ڵ̼ңܸܲôǮ㻨
仰˵˴񽿵ʹ񽿵ɫˢİ
޸Щ꣬ϰ˴ִŵĻ
䵽ᰵԺ󷽱飬ԺõǮһڶࡣ֮ҪȣһʻȣԺĻָ
ԽԽǾûףץסӵֶ
ô죬̼ҪĵˣԺҪô죿
ʱף˵ٷӷ㵱ĺĹ򣬴߷磿ܴϣһˮԺ̼ûǵ֮ˣŮҲ°뱲ӲԴ
ף覶˶٣ô°뱲ӵ϶ǲ֮ǰˡ
ף˵ĻǴ񽿾Ȼĵȥˡ
ѾˣǵӻҪҪûǮĸŮô죬һᱻ۸ģ
죬ҲȫΣѵӦΪ⳥һ
ף˵˵ţߺȻƵһԵԲϡ
Բüܾף覿Լ߲⡣
ף覶Դ˵ԺҪúһ㣬Ҳ԰Բ޳ȥҿԲҲ޸һǮ˼ңˣһҲú
ףջԷĲ㹻࣬˵лһȣǲ֪۵Ǯ˼ңڱһмңóϵϰôҿͦǮģ
Բ֪ף覴ʲôˣף覾Ҫջ޸ЩʮŮ˷ҪԼ
ϰʲôˣȻǮѾСˡ
ʮʱͽ˻飬ûˡ֮ʮʱȢһһǸŮȴˣ
һתۣϰ嶼ѾʮˣһŸĺӣҪˣ
Բе죡
ף覲ҽܵˣòϲ˼ϰҴҵǴ´ࡣ
ף˵⵹ʵ
Ǵǰ̼ңԲȻԶϰ岻мһˣ̼ҵҲԲԲ޸ϰ塣
ڵ̼ҡ̼һûʲô˲ġ
Բָף覵ıвҪٸҶ˵һ䣬Ҿ˰˺ˣ
ף湻ˣɫէȻ
Ȼϲ̸飬Ժ͸ҳģҪҵͷȥ˵ҪٸץһΡף̧Ҫ㣬ֻǶָ£
Բһʲô˼
ף˫ֻʵΪҲ֪ҶӢǴ˭ﴫȥ𣿡
Բ϶ʱûѪɫô֪ģ
ǴǰԲһף覵вΪһ̼ҡʲôûˡ
ףվ˵̼ѾˣҲԼ˼һֱڱǡԺøҰһ㡣Ǹѣüסҽ˵ĻԺ޵ʱ򣬾ˡô
ף覸ǵľ档ף˵꣬תȥ
-

481ǽ

ûã᰾ʽӹۣϵĲ⣬һ뷨˹ȥ
ڵ̼ңѾױ᰿ˡ
֮ڱ˼죬ϵ£ͳ׷˱ǵ飬һ̻˽
¶ʮأĻվͷˡ
һվϵ˾æӿǾ˵̵ĺˮһ͡
ЩżϳؼҵǵĲͬһŵļȴæĵż˶˳Ժ󣬲Ŵӻȥ
ף覵ִԼӻվߡ
վڣͬĳǡ
ؿ˿ҵ˾ף˵Ҿͺǲͬ·ˣһʱûмҰˣȻȥˡ
ף覵ͷ
˿ף˾Ŀף˵ȥɡ
ףҡҡͷҵӦҲڵ㣬ȻңӳָڱʲôףҵҲˣԼȥС㻹ȻӦЩ˰ɡ
һʱûؽˣҲ֪ӳʱǲְĒʲôƸ硣
Ѿǽĵؽ磬ףϤĺܣԼȥ
΢ʱ˾˰㽻ңӦȰͻףҲɾ˾˵ĽСѾˣôһ˻ȥ
ףĵ׻ϲϻһ䣺˵ĺչһرҪһ
ͷ˵Ⱥǻȥ覻ףԺٻүүʺá
˵꣬ݷȺףףҵĳ˾ԭΡ߹ȥ˾ļ˵СھͰᣬȻذɡ
ף覻صףңӸһͣףſڣһ̵˳
㣬覽㣡
覽㣡
ף覲Ŵ򿪳ĺͯͳ˹סȸԾı飬Ȼף覵ĸܺãҲϲ
˺ףģ꣬ףýףˣ󡣵˽궼Ѿʼѧˡ
ףҵĻ㣬ҲĲӶʮֵĿɰףȻеӤʣȴǸûףһӢС̫һСװϣԵޱȾ
ףһ֣ף˵ѽǷż
ףһ˫۾˵ţ覽㣬ΪʲôһֱڼҰǻ㣬㰡
۾ף覾Ȼűף覱С߲¶һĨЦ⡣
Ҫ¶һһŮһƯ
ף覶¶ף˵ΪѾˣҲҪȥѽ
ףſף覵ϣЩӵָϵʵ覽㣬˭
ף˼İȻЩСʵǺÿףСˣҪ࿴ۡ
ףҲ̧ͷվףˣɲףտأ۵׻¶˼ֵ;衣
뿪ʱӶûô꣬һֱǸͲʶ
ף覿һۣѽǡ
ڴĻ˵ǵĽ򡣡
ףһף覵ĽΨһһҲ߶ûˣ쿪Сֳ˹ȥﻹµĽţ򣡱
ףŤͷһۣᱧС
үȻһһû˸ɣǱС飬δй˰ɡ
ֻŵİİף˴ף覵ﱧ˹ȥף˿һڡ
ףһ㶣㱧Сͦ
͵ҲиŮСʱҲ
ףһЦԭСľôġǰǱֵĺĮܺĺһ棬ɼʱ򣬺õĹϵĺܲ
ڼĵʱףȴɥһܻһš
ףһ㶣Ŀ
⺢ӴǰһֱܹԣͻȻôˣ
ף˴ף覺һǣһֻС߽
һţף覾ץףʵôعŸʲô覽ǲǻˣôôûòأǰôģ㶼𣿡
ףңһֱǽ
ղףʵ̫ͳˣƾúбҪӽһ˼
ףɳϣͷһۺף覲߽յİͷŤȥ˵ҾҪ覽㣬Ҫ򣡡
ʲôһ㶣̧ͷһԭףһˡ
ǰ˵ô覻ˣ
-

482ǸкͲ

ϵİݸ˵Ӧõġ
ף観ЦЦ۵׵ϲԱ
Ƶ˲٣һ˹ҲҸһ֪ڹĺܿģܴף覵Ͽ
Խһף۵͸ζ
뵽ղףڴǰ˵Ļ˵ͯ޼ɣģ㲻Ҫȥ
΢΢ףûʲôС˵ĻҲϡ
˵ҪǲŻȥĻЪһһͿˣԸҽæ
ƳһףӦð
ףӦƵ룬˫ýǰ˫չĵıȸղŸˡ
ף観ף߹ȥʵΪʲôҪ򰡣
ףǰףһ𳤴ף覾׽㡣˵ĸҲһֱܺá
ףһ۸ףһ߹˵ôãûϣЩ˶ǿ㳤úÿҪһ𡣡
üСƨ
ף˵ţץסף覵֣֣صĶ㣬ԽǺÿԽǻỨƭ㣬СĲҪƭˣ
ףһ㶣ôֵۣףǴѧģֻѽ
ף覱ף˵ѾҪ̸ۼ޵ҲýˡҪǲ飬ˡϲ㣬Ҳϲһͻܿģ㲻ϣ㿪𣿡
ףͬĻͲϣƯأ
ף̧ͷףʵ㣬һ𲻿𣿡
ף룬˵һ𣬵ȻҲܿİ
ף˵㣬Ҫ飬ҳԺҲȢģ㲻Ҳܺܿ𣿡
ףһҭ⺢ʲôԻ·
̧ͷĿƤ
ף˵ͯ޼ɣͯ޼ɣСӵĻġ
СȦףֱۣĵ׷һɴ׾
ǸͨСǸҪС
ףСӺܲˣʦͼҳ˵ŲһСأ
ףٴҲǿЦԺҪ飡
ǲܽ顣һԵĽӲ硣
ףվСʵΪʲô
һᣬܲȱСϲһΪǽܣ֮ڣܽ顣
Ҫף覽飬ܵġԶܵġ
ףٿȻһףһ׸ǣ˳Σף˶á
ף覶˵ôҲϹ֣
ƮƮ˵ⲻֻڸпʵ࣬ǰסѿĸ顣
̧ͷƳףһۣ˵УҵϲǶһ޶ģûСƾһ㣬Ҳܸ顣
˽ʱ򣬸СҲҪָߵ͡
ףûۿˣɡ
ףվԴת˺þã뵽һԵúĻҲܺͽ飬Ҳ覽ø㣡ߣ覽ҵģ
üģȷ
Եú棬ƺҪףָ²ɡ
վףļ˵ˣҪδĽˣ˺ܺõġ
ףѹĿףһۣǿ·ڶ˵ƭˣһ㶼ã
ף۵ף覽ˣãˣͲµĵܵˣ
ףûף覵Ļץסף覵֣Ȩһ˵覽ҵģ
ף覿˿Լߵĺӣֿ˿úͺӹͨǲ̫ˣֻܶ˵ͱϾˣŶ㶼ˡһӶô
׾Ĵ󣬻ԼĶеǸкͲУ
䣬һͰףǣԼߡ
ףԼĽͻȻߣۿ
ףһļ򣬲˵˵أҪѺǿˣ
˭֪ղһֱںףµʱȴֳһĨζƶ˵ޣǼСǸҪǿĺӡ϶޸С
˵꣬ףüʹ˸ף
ףŤͷһףľֻǺһۿؿΪնţһֱûп޳
ף覵ַϥϣף˵ϲбµˣҪܹŬһ㣬Ӯң˵㳤Ժϲһ㡣
Ǳеֶһף۵׶˹⣬ڴĿףʵ覽㣬𣿡
-

483Ȱϲ

㻹Աڸϲ仰ף˵ֱҪʤǣ
ףղŵΪʲôҪЩɵľٶˣһӶԸһֲǰŬĶ
ףЦӯӯĶף˵ģ㳤ˣڸˣһϲ㡣
ףԼСȭͷ˵ҳˣһĴ㣬Ϊ覽ĵϲˣ
ƺδڴĿԴ֮ǰ㻹ǵףΪףҵĺӣܲûнɣ˵أ
ףͻȻǵͨ죬뵽ԼҪͷսСȭͷˡףûгڣתܽ˳ȥˡ
ŲҪأ
˶ٷ֮ûþͻˡ
ҵʱҲŸճ극һ˶ڣ潨ҵԴкӳڿȲ裬Ӷʰء
ӳ쿴һۣЦŻѽ
Ƴ˺ӳһۣûߵ潨ҵǰһݲƷ˹ȥүүġ
潨ҵһʱûԼˣЦеӶ˰Ѷ£ԹûУѾףҳԹˡ潨ҵһȲ衣
ӳ챻ˣﶼ˷ģһ˶ڵ㡣û뵽㲻ȻؼңȥףңڲŻףҵˣڶ˵ǲǱҵ˶ˣ
潨ҵڶף׼ϱ⣬ףһ⣬ȻͲƻҺףҵĹϵ
ӳô˵潨ҵڲףںҲһˣȥףҳԷôˣ£
ӳһҭɫǺ
˵һʵүӾȻ˵£
ӳ첻֣ûԷʱɲô˵ġ
ʱ潨ҵ˵˼ң鵽ϣͱһζˡ
潨ҵδҲ̫ƫ̻ˣ
潨ҵԵȥ׼ҵļԷһȥʲôˣĵѵûһҪôϲȺһԺˡ
ӳæڱ֣ˣǳȥӦ꣡
潨ҵɫǲǳȥӦ꣬ĵòס
潨ҵף覺һĺܣֻҪӳ˵һ䣬ǶǴġ
һ굽ͷˣ潨ҵǲȥ˵ġƾһ㣬ӳĽ;ǰ״
֮ļףǰҲȥһҰݷ潨ҵ˲Լĸ㣬潨ҵĸ߸˵ġ
ʱһת۾͵˳ϦҹȻ˴ѩ
ףʹˣ¥ȥϢˡСҲƺ¥˯ȥˡ
ڿף覺ľ˾˵ꡣ
ףһƿƣף覺
캮ضﵹů͵ĺܡů͵Щ⡣
ףףһۣʵ飬д𣿡
ףһ㶣ĿôͻȻ飿
һ죬ףľƱʵòỹûʼɣ
˶ѾܾˣҲÿʼˡ
ף覵е죺һ֤͡
ףɫʵôϲ
ף覵ͷϲرϲ
Ϻܶ鶼ȷΨһƶ
ףǳЦҪ˾˰𣿡
ôϲȻҲϣףܹһ㡣ף飬ףѾ϶ף覵ġ
ÿ԰ף覷ĵĽˡ
Gףʵô
ѽͲǲ֤û޵ѽ
ף˵Ȱϯ˾ƣҾ֪ǵĶˡҪԸ⣬Ϳ԰졣
ףʵ᲻̫żˣñЦҼųޣ
ףʼ˵ֻҪϲͺáϯϵ飬ҿȥ֮ί㡣ǿ֤ʱ䣬ҲһˣνȺ󡣡
ףɳϵ˸ƣ˵½˶࣬ǰ֤ȴûʵͳ˸涨ֻҪ˾ϯԺȥ֤ʱҲǰǻʱ򶨵ʱ䣬Ľڡ
Ҳ˵ֻҪǰϲƣϸ˵ǽˡ
ף覵Ȼ涨Ȼû˵
ףЦеĿԼߵŮʵôҪҪȰϲƣôϲȰѽ
-

484

ף覵ͷĵ׶ڴģǲ֪ΪʲôЩףѯʵ˾˾أ
ףЦе˵飬˾밴뷨졣ҸѽҪôץ˾˶úá
ףĬĬ˵Ҷãǲ֪ôģǱߡ
ϲƱϾһ˾ͿԾ飬漰ףҺңûҪǰ˼Ҿ̫׵Ͱ첻á
̸ֱǰ飬ףľȻǲǳ˵Ļǰ־֢
ף٩뷨ȥʲͺȥʣһʵ뷨
ףһ㶣ԼȥʣǶΪ顭
һż޳ȥأ
ңֻҪ˶ͷǱߵ飬ǵĶЭ̽
ףһ˵ԻعףһСͨ죬ףһЦ˳ѽѽСǺ
ף覵̵ĺܣ˾ˣ
ףһ֮ǰЦ̬ԼĽ飺㻹ǿԺúÿһ¡˾˾ãܾ춨
ףʵΪʲôͻȻҪ죿
ȻѾףǾ˾֮ǰһֱûҪߴ˼ͻȻı̬ȣΪʲô
ƺǲµףĵ׵뷨ף˵ʵҲ⹫˼ΪĶӣֻһ¡
ףԵıݽɳ⹫ûк顭
ףŤͷŴѩ˵һǴذĹľԺ󣬾˸ᣬѰ˰֡ʱܳһʱ䣬ֵ
ף㶣𣿡
ʱӦðĹľǨǴһʼӦ⹫飬ѹĵڶΡ
ʱڽڽҲԺúõذο⹫һʱ䡣⹫ôãǲТ
ףҡͷ˵ǣ־ðڿĿˡǺһ磬ֺһͥԺɹ̫ȴͻȻЦ
ףһ㶣⹫ͻȻ뵽ʲôĵ𣿡
ף˵ָ˵ϣܹ翴覽ءҪ񰢽һңϣܹҸĹһӡܹ飬Ҳûʲôźˡ
ףε˵ΪѾѹˣҪܹ飬ܹҸֻҲῪһ㡣
ף覵ͷЦЦ⹫ʵҲһ˸еįɡ
ô£⹫Ǻʹǰһʱʱ̹̿
ף˵бµˣԺһڸæ˾˻ϣܹϲ硣ЩҲҪ˼Ҫ㲻룬Ҳһʱ
ף覵ͷһúÿǵġ
ףֿ̧һʱ䣬Ѿʮһˡ
ף˵ʱҲˣҲˣϢɣһֺǺǵĹꡣ
ף覵ͷ˵á
ʰ˿ľƱף¥صԼķ䡣
ߵ߿µİѩ§ϵ˯¡Ҳ֪˯ûС
ʮԺˡ
ϣ֡
ף覸մϴصȥ˯ƳףԺ£֪ʲôʱͣһƺԼɼ
ĳ
ף覵۾һ˯£һףʹӷ˳ȥ˼˯ˣף観ŵʱŵġ
ܳԺӣ׼ϳ뿪һ㶡
ף覴һ˫ϣѩܵʵôˣô
ϴһɫĴ£ϹһɫΧ˵ˣ
ףʵôȥѩ䰡
ҪǶðˣҲ۵ѽôôϧԼ
ֱ£ԼĻſ£ף˶
ףһӸоů˲١
˵ǳϦҹȥ˼ݷã̫ʧˡ㿴һߣȵһʽݷãû뵽Qˡ
̫ʧͳ
ԼԤϲľϲ
ף覸˵˵ղŴӴϿĳˣ㣬ͳ
ŵףϵľ㣬ͷʵȾˣ
ףʳָĴָ֮һССķ϶ţ˾һһ㣬ֻһ㡣
ҲΪ˾ƣԳĺɫž㡣۾й⣬ÿ財
ȻͷĴһڡ
ףһţż
̧ͷʱף覵ѾȸղŸˡ
̾Ȣؼȥѽ
ҪȢؼˣԺټͲô鷳ˣҲʱصıǶѽ
-

485ô

ף뵽ף֮ǰ˵ĻͷӴСʵܹȢؼأ
һ㶣ȻѹúСȷԼûղ˵ܿȢؼҡ
𣿡ʵ㶺ҵЦ
ף覵Ķе㷢̣ܿȵ񣺡Ҽż޳ȥֻǸղž˾һ죬˵˵ֻҪȹ˾磬ǽˣԺֻҪٲ֤Ҳԣʵʲôġ
ף覸һ˵꣬۵׾
Ȣؼǲ֪ǰеԸ䣬û֤˺óһʱ䡣
ȴͻȻʵôһ˵˵ֱõ
Լĵֹ֣Ҫף覵˼ͷף覣ʵҽ𣿡
ף覱Ļţ뵽Ҫ۵ַһ󲻰ֲ˼ĺ֡ڱǵʱѾסһڿֻʲôأ
ף覵죺ҡ
شٴεͷס죬Ĵ꺬ϸϸǵ೤ֱףûǰϸϸʹҪѪ
ͷĴָգε뷨飬ͻȻˡ飬þ졣
ܻܾĻǿƵҪӵһʱĹϵ
ϲʲôҶΪ׼ãҲõģͻ鷿⣬ֻҪԸ޹ͿԽ顣
һϵлϿֵܳ⣬Ҳ֤ʵԽЩ⡣
Ψһģֻף覴ӦĻ
ȦڻĦı˵ôã溦εһ죬Ҫߡ
ףĻ˵ôá
ǱˣĹ⣬Ӣۣ磬ߣҲǰˡ
뵽ϷЩ£ףȦס˭ţֵи
°ʹļϣһһĸ˵¶ǽɡ
֪˵˶ٱԺף覺ȻһЦѽ
һĿӦˣ
ףٴ˵ǽ顣
¥Ĵǰף˴ͷڴ֯ëµƸпСӣǲô֯ë£ͷȥһǴͺˡ
˵ϲ֯Ҳš
ףߵߣһɫëߣ˵֯ôҲһ
Цǰ֮ǰë¾ˣһ·ˣϵһ֯㴩ġ㶼ˣôСһϲԴأ
һǳԱ˵ĴףǳԼӵĴס
ףƱ˵Ҫǲϲ㣬ҲôĳԴˡ
ڶǴһһ˱
ףҵһ˳ĺֺ֪ǡף¥ʱ򣬾ͿùĹӳԡ
ףϱһСףѴѵĹӺͻץС˺üǡ
ף¥ˣһܵǰĽе覽ã֣ϲƣ
ȻĶףԼ۵С֡
ҵôҪ̬ûб䡣
ף覴ӿڴͳݸǣ֣
ĵһٷǵϰҪիֻ򵥵ĳ˵㣬Ӧȥˡ
֮½½ף꣬潨ҵҲˡҲϵӳԸ׼ҵļң潨ҵһûдӳȥݷԼĺˡ
ף潨ҵʱҲᵽӰ飬ʱף覺Ժ˵ĻԶ鲢֪顣
ף˺ףһ˵ˣܹȥףҪһˬĸˡ
ףмӺİվǰʲôû˵
ͷʵ㲻Ҫ
СӲǶϲѹǮôҪ
ף˵˵ˣӺΪ嶷׶
ԺҪˣôܸͷأ
˦˦ϵĺ˵ⲻףǺǿ΢һġ
ףĬһƺڿ˵ûе
˰ΣףűŤŤ˵һ䣺Ǻðɣ֣
һۣһʵĺݸ
ףף˱ȥͷ˺ǺʵƱԺӵ۾
ȻǵͻСҲ֪ǲǮ
-

486ºԣ

ףͷ۵׳˳ݣ󷽣
ףһ㶣ף֮ǰһֱһѣͻȻ͸Ŀڽнˣ
С˵ԣãȥɣҺǽлҪ˵
ףͷתף˻ȥˡ
ףȲʵĺ˶Ǯ
ӵıӰյף覶˵ôú塣֮ǰ׼ĿڷҲһŽȥˡ
֮ҵүһٷͻȥˡ
ʱ֣ף覻ףһɢ˻ףһڻЦȥˡ
죬ף覱źףһȥһҰ꣬ȨǻӦ˵İݷã
ţ˽һСʱߡ
ףһȥ潨ҵͰԼ¡
ӳĵ׶ףм־η֪ȻʱģʵֶΣҲڵףѵʱ򣬰ףҳףţӳ첻ҷ
Ҳڼңǰף覴ڨǿŵļǣҲֻڨڨա
ȵף覿Ҫߵʱ潨ҵסף覣һֺǺǵ˵úӣǸġ
ףĶҲǮ
ĵЩ֣û˼ų𿪡
뿪ϳǰף覻ڿĺЦ֪ʲôͲ𿪿
ףҿһۣǲǲ̫á
˵ģѾ˼ˣûʲôֵġ
ף覻ź𿪺һǵõһֽĶչһʱɰһ

ϵֽȥĿ˼飬ȷϵķԺף͵̧ͷʲô˴һ׷ӣղſˣӵĵضλǽõĵء
һ׷ӼֵƣǮҲôʹİɣ
Ǻԣ
ףæѷŻغ˵Ҳգ
ݸҵһ׷ӣңֶ
֪֪Ҫʲôأ
˫ֲڿڴ˵ӦõĶҶ׼ʱүүûи׼ǲϡ
͸潨ҵһײߣ潨ҵ͵ķף覾Լļ߯ᡣ
㲻иףҶˡ
ȥͻطĻᣬ򿪳˵䣬ϳɣˣȥ㡣ʱ̸顣
ףϳţֶ̧ף˵˾ټ
ף˵ͷ˾˵߰ɡ
һûٳʲô£Ҳÿġ
ֱһ죬ȻˡһţרףҵȢף覵飬һݺ
ף񣬴Ӧ
֮еĺܿҲ˳õģҲˡ
˼ңǻ·ﱸסûеĶֻҪǮˡ
ڽһҪľ磬Ҳľ¥졣
ӺܿҲˣ¶ʮˣǸƵա
Ψһ鷳ľҪһˡ
ʶ˶٣סɺһ߰һľƣֿ죡
ߵľ磬ҪףʶˣǱߵľ磬ǡǡ෴
ﱸף覺Ļ񣬿˵ףҺֵ顣
Ҷ߸˵ʱֻкӳԵ䲻
ͺԺһݼҲֺ֮ʮѶԸף覶ףһһ𣬾ͭǽڣôˡ
ȵף覼޽ңĵλһǰף覼޹ԺһԸ鷳
ԭָСܹɢǣһû뵽Сô£ȥһ˱Ժ󣬾Ȼ˸øˣڻҪǰ顣
ӳԽԽżһ춼û˯ãȴֶ޿κΣֻĿߵһ׼
ʱһת۾͵¶ʮ壬鶼ﱸˣף覺Ҫˡ
ȥףҿʱ򣬼ûʲô飬һ֮²֪Ϊףǣף޳ȥף覵Ĺף÷һҲŮʤ˽Ԥʱסףҡ
̣ףȴһֱϲ
̣ףΨһ۾ǣɲǸöԸˣʤ̫ˡôֻ꣬Ҫ֣һҪҺŮʤȽϡ
ǴŮʤó̫̫жӮжӡ
ֻҪһ˵ˣף覶ͷۡôһ˼ҹѹף覸˲
˼ϲģ⹫ãҲܱʾӭֻδļܲùˡ
-

487Ҳ

ף覶Լ¿ˮȴһЦ˳û뵽Ҳ㺦Ӧˡ
ôͷ۵ˣӦúܲöԸɡ
ף覿յ˵Ǻ£ֻǴҶݣʵڲ˺档⹫ôãܲܵǡ
鰡ôĶ
ֹϵ£Щ⿿ǲܳģΪԷһʼͲ㽲㽲ԷҲֻԼĵֻ̡
ЩףһжãһףҾһҪĲ磬ô꣬ҲӦķ
ף覸̾ҵѰʵеá
һͥˣף÷Ըףʵ졣ף÷ǲϲҲҪиɰɣڶ֪ף÷ΪʲôôƽǺ޲ñǿ׳˵
ԴİɣҪǵʱ㲻ùһ㡣˵ûǾͽˣʱҵˣҲܲˡ
ף覿һ۱ݵ˵͵˾ѾȥˣӦаСʱͻˡ
˵ȡ
ף÷ôͷۣһᵹҪˡ
ڵʱǸ۸
ף˵ûСʱԺףȥף÷ͼʤµĳӹȻˡ
ףȲ裬ûף÷ԲϺͼǶڼҰɣ
ףأҲڣӦ˵
ף÷Ĭһٴοڵʱ˼֣ˣף˶ôãѽǸö硣궬ɱȥˣôô簡
ף͵ǸӣڴҶڣ֤˶࣬Ͱˡ
ף覿ǳһεЦף÷ղŵǼ仰֪ڼԺ󣬹˵ġ
ֱʾ԰ꡣ
ף΢΢ף΢ЦʾԼ⣬Ķˣϰˡ
һףͷף÷˽ݣһģһʮ߰꣬üĿĹ
ǹӳúףֻü֮䣬ûףôˣˣҲмСұĸоף÷Ůһֱף覱ȽϵļŮʤ¡
ʤ߽Ǻףһ˹á
Ȼֱַף覺˵ͷԹʱʤ¿ӢĲԭȻһ죬ȻƺǶһ㣬ٵĵԼͷ
ף÷ɨףһۣԼ
ף覽еѺá
ף÷ѽôòϹͷûˡףңû˵ӭһ¡һصضһӹǣܹ˼Һϲء
ף覣
ˣֿʼˡӶͷɫ˵Ρ
Ƴף÷һۣüͷ΢΢
ղֻ˵ף÷ӦƢԲá
ڿλרŹ̵ġһ覵Ĳ磬ж࿴¶
ף÷ǳһֱʮֳ谮覵ףһҲ˵ʲôףڵˣղŽʱ˵ʮ㣬ﶼˣһ֪Ӳء
ף÷ףҭһ䣬ĿһۣڹڱǰԼġ
Ťͷף覣˵˵̫谮ŮˣŹߵԽԽûԺϾҪˣҪȥ˱˼ңӣǶĲףҵˣ
ףһڲ裬Ϣ֣˼ɲΪһС¼ƽϡҲã˵̣
ף÷üͷ磡
飬ƺһ̾Ҫףˡ
ʤæ߹ȥסף÷ĸ첲˵̣Ǳף覽ģͲҪƽЩСˡϾҪˣڱǰ˵Щ಻ð
мʤ³ף覻Σף÷ſķŹһΡȻף÷֪Ҫ飬ڱ۶á
ף÷ǣԼŮ֣ףǰ޵㿴Ůථ£СС֪ͣĽˡⶼԽĹͣ˿ôõĹŮ
ףһüë
ùôԸһ㶼ûб䣬ֻҪץסᣬͻ᲻ͣĿ伾ʤ¡
ףƺҲϰף÷̬ȣЦЦȥˡ
ף÷ֽԼͶףߵϡ
һͣҲʶ˲ˣ˫Ŀ񣬲һ˿ɱȣף÷۵׶Ͷ˲٣Ťͷʵ磬λǣ
ףĽܵҵĳδĹүҪˡ
ܰ観ôһ£ףһֱøֽ
-

488ɲƫ

ף÷΢΢һЦ˵Ѻá
Ȼֺףʮָۣ˵ϾҪˣҾͰ覵ıֱӽˡ֡
ԭף÷ʮֿģһҪ޵Ĺүüëϸϸһ𡣾ף覵۵ףҲᾢ
ԭҵĹӰף÷޵һǸܲˣΪҪԺܼأû뵽ͼˡ
תף覣üĿ˵Ļ¶׼ĲˣչأǲܼģԽÿվ覡
ף÷㬵˵˵ĸ鵹ǲףðҵôõɷϾҪ˻һֱ
󷽵ĳϵ¹Ц綼ȲҪȢˣҪļҲô硣⣬Ҷ覲Ը޹ءһŴӦġ
һ仰ͽף÷ǰͷŪף覵˻ȥ鶼̵Լˣ̧ףڱеĵλ
ʵף÷˵飬Ͳһš
ֲ¶Է¥ů͵ĺܣף÷Ͳõġǿף覸ղűף÷ǺҪ
ף÷ϵһ䣬񶼶ֲá
׼үںף覣Ȼô˵Ȼڴǰײ𳤱ˡǿ˼
ļ仰ɹɢף÷֮ǰĺøУǼʤȴôá
ǡΪף覺ãУ˼Զ׼Ľ͡
֮ྴ飬ʵټΪڴҵעף÷ϣԲû˹עʤϸ΢ı顣
ף÷ǣʤµ֣ߺײһף˵¶ҲһܲĹ֪òҲȱ˲ġʲôʱҲ¶ıһĺ£Ҳ˸ˣ·ӹ㣬ϣɲƫѽ
ףһԹţһųĬʲô˵
ӦԹѵľ飬ӻһһѵѪͷɡ
ûʲôüƽϣΪѲĻ
ף÷ʤ¾ҪӮף覡
֮ǰյף͹ȥԺʰһͨݸ꣬˳㿴ף覽˵ʲô
ڿԷӢˣף÷ĵ׾Ϳʼˡ
ףҵĺ˼ҼˣļʤȻҲܱף覲ѽһҸõ˲С
һ㣬Ҳúȼĵȼɣ
Ҫٴһ㣬ɾͲˡ
Ů磬Ҫȱ˸۰һ㣬⡣ܸףֺ˼ңǺܲסϣɲƫģضҲҪչ˼ʤһǺá
ףһף÷֪ĵڴʲôСžţһָԼ£ʤס
ףףʲôʱ˼ģǶǱףѡˡ
ʤȻͺף£һֱס֪˲࣬ĶôøҺʵˣ
ף˵Ҳᣬ覵Ļ²Ұһҵ˼ҡһףˡ¶ûʲôƫĲƫĵ˵
ף÷ҪʤһһˣҲԼб£İﲻʲôæ
ףף覸п˵÷˺£ȵء
Եְԡ
ף÷ףܾԺϵЦʱȥ
ƤЦⲻЦ˵֮ô갡˵ôͶҪİءô˵˻ѳļѻ
¼ʤµֱϧ˵ҵ¶ôãȴû˶ͣǿϧˡ
ʤĶͶȥһ񣬶ף÷ο̣ôࡣϲҵˣĶʲôԺһ컹ǻϲҵġ
ǡ̧һۣ˵һԽӣ΢ɲü
ղţĴ𣿼ҵŮ͵͵ˡ
ƿߣ·ߴڼʤפ
ܼʤ¶ʲô˼Լʤ£ûһԵ˼Ȥ
ԼصĺܺãԼʤ¸ûоԼĿĲϲϻһĨߡ
ҵĹӣĿǺÿûмôӢˡ
ĽѽҪ˽ˡ
ı򣬸ˡ
ʱף÷ֿףʵڣѧ𣿡
ףһ㶣ô˵ʵһǰûжˡ
-

489ߴߴ

ף÷ץסף覵Сһ׷ʵ֮ǰ˵ѧУĳɼܺãôˣ
ףڨڨ˵ѧ⣬ûٶˡ
ף÷üŪ۵˵ӴŮӳȥͷ¶⣬ʵΥףҵ֪ĻΪףˣùȥǮأɲá
ף΢΢һЦصҾͦãʲôԼÿһǮˡ
ףףһۣǵԼ˵֮Բٶ飬ѡ̣ΪҲºˡ
ʱһľϵϣԼҲſʼ⣬ܰﵽԾͿʼѧˡ
ʱ˭뵽ڻᱻף÷ó˵졣
ף÷Ϊ˲㻵ˣ˵ʵϲҲΪ̫̱Żֻһƽƽ˼Ҽ޳ȥ
Ϊף÷ôģŻҪͬףŮף覱ȡ
ԼȲˣʤºףȥȡʤµ֣֪覵ԺԸġ
ףʱף÷ҲһȽϡ
ף÷ף覶һ죬߿ƲƲ죬ʵòΪûпϴѧѡȥİɣ
ףһ㶣ô뵽ôԶĵطȥ
ףƽĽ͵ˣֻǺûȥѧѡ
ף÷ĬĬûȥѧ
ʮֻɵĿףһۣȻڿ仰ĿŶȡСӸò±Ц˵Լ˵İɣ
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Ѿ˵ˣƭҲܡ
ף÷ƲƲ죬̲˵ˣҲȤŮӲԺҲûжģҲֻˣҲ㲻
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ܹǹ˵ЩǶ˵ƫνҲùѸı۵㣬ԳԷԣᱻָس̰ɡ
ףҪ̣ףʱȴԸˡ֮ǰ˵ǹף覺ϲģף÷ŽףҵŲСʱⶼﰵ覶ٻˣ
覺飬ϲ£Χ˵ûϲףԺ˳棬ף÷ôרЩĻ˵ǳҲóףѹС
С²ûкף÷ЦӦţף÷ûһ㳤Ӧеˣ
˵ˣ覼һֱŵ飬ʲôֻļˣʲôã
ôף÷˵ô
ףʵҪǲãղôҸʤҸ˼ңǰżӵĹô͸Ŀˣ˵ô࣬ʵҪ覵Ĳ磬һܲܲҪôƽϣ
ף÷һ˵кף覼ƽϣֻǸʤ˼ңû˵ϾҪ޳ȥһúҼأʲôԣ
ףֱ׵˵ˣò˼覽飬õ飬ҪߴߴᡣҪǺҲɴĲμӻˡʡǰֲ죬ףҶˡ
ף÷˵Ҫʱøˡ
ܳʱûмˣӦúú߶߶˭֪ôùȥˣף÷Ǹӡʲô˵
ףҲŮҲһֱί
Ҫף÷ںĻϻ˵һͨһָ˲£Ժﻹ棬ǰﻹ棿
ұͲ̫ƽ£ӳָô۸أ
ʼף˵ãʤ¼ףĶŭæȰͣ˹գ̾˵ģûб˼һˣͱƽˡ˵ǰɣ覽㣿
ʤºΪף覶ֻҪף˵⣬˹ͲŲš
ף覵ͷһں˵ǰҺˡ
ʤҡҡף÷ֱۣº͵˵̣·һˣǻȥϢһɡ
ף÷ϵЩ⣬ǱߵףѾǰͷǴ·ˣߣΪ׼Ŀͷʤ£ھķ䡣
ʤ΢΢һЦлл̣߰ɡ
ʤ·ף÷վף÷ʲԸĻԼķ䡣
ٽǰʤ»ͷһۣ¶һ΢Ц
ף覺һ
һۣһԼüġ
Ƿġ
ף˵˵ϡ
ף覵ͷɵ˵İ⹫ûϡ
Ȼô˵˭ܿĳףĵ׻ġղҲ¶ôһ顣
ף覻ͷ˵ҹѾӡҲʽʶˡ
򴽣ɫԼе㲻ˡ
ѲĹѣôüʤе㡭

˵ϲ磬ҵˣԺ飬ҰӦ
ֻףҰݷõһЩ鲻˵̫࣬ǵǽԺʣµͺ˵ˡ
ٵǸʱף覱ôѹ۸
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490¼ױ

ߵſڣڳǰףһ£ͷ˵죬ؼҡ
ǽӣ죬
ף߹һĨЦݣҵѽ
ı˵ȻȥɣúϢҪѵĻϡ
ף覵Уͷ˰֡
ۿף߽һתϳ뿪
ף覸ջصʤ¾ʹ˳
覣ʤ³ף֡
ףԭһϵĲߣʤ½˹ȥʲô£
ȻѶЩ̱Ǽʤˣף覲ᡣһֱǽദҲ졣
Ϣ裿ףƳһʵ
˯ˣ˯ˣʤסף覵ֱʵôʶѽ
ף룺ʶôѾʶܶˣҲǲ̫ˣǺСʱʶˡǰˣֻ֪ס˵ʱǵĹϵѾܺˡʱǻõĹϵ
ʤµתתĽء
ףЦĽʲô
ʤ˵ȻĽͿҵһ˼޳ȥ
ף覲Ϊ˵ҪĵϲˣҲԺͼ˵˵ѽ˵ͳء
ʵϣĽɥĸıңߵˡϣ˺һֲʹ顣
ʤµͷЦЦôףϲ˿²ϲҡ
ףһ㶣ϲ͹˵ô㣬֪ϲˣ˵ý
ף÷ȻզأǶԼʤû˵ֻҪǼʤҪĶôŪ
ףôĵҪԼʤæҡҡͷûʲôûʲô㲻òˡȥϴ裬Ȼ·ˡ
ʤ˵꣬ܿף覵ܻԼݡ
ףȻɻ󣬵Ҳûзϡ
ʤԼԺԼķۺ΢΢Щ̣ʤµͷЦЦҲ֪һڸʲô
ڶһ磬ףҾͿʼŵƽʵ׼ˡ
ףĴϵĴϲ֣ף覺ȻЩᡣѾ˺ܶ꣬Ҫ뿪ˡ
覣ҹףվ¥ݿڶе
ף覿һۣף鷿
ɡףָԱߵɳ˵
ףɳһףŴӳ﷭һӣݸף覡
ǳΣﻹͦ
ףʵʲô
ףûʲôҪˣ˾ûʲôö㣬͸򵥵ðһױףҵŮޣһü޵ķĲ𣿡
ûиףҲûжùףĸסףҪˣЩףҪһΪ׼á
ף覴ĺӿ˿ȫǽĵףҵĿĲٵĳӵĹɷݺծȯ档
ף㶣ôࣿ
ף˵࣬ǰ޳ȥʱ򣬼ױҲء
ȥļױһЩԺףҵʱҲᱻ۸
ףҪ֪ףҼ޳ȥŮɶĺܣ˭Ҳ۸
ף˵Ժ˳ˣҲҪǮġǻҪȢϱͼأôױԺǵͲˡԼڱǻһ۳Ҳй̶룬ĲҪôױߡ
ף˵㲻õģǵһݣҲ׼ءЩӦõõĶ
ףʱҲףҳµʱʱףûչ˺ףףʢˣףϣףϻҪԱ˵Ŀ
ڿƽǺӳһ˫۾˵Ͷףˡ
޹ȥԺҪӦĿɲһ򵥵Ůˡ
ӳҵˣ϶ҲԸ׽ȨԺеĶءʱҪͷûп֧ʹǮҿ϶ù
ЩףòֶҪԺǮˣͻ˾˵˾˰㡣ףҶԶĺܣʲôͻҾ˾˺⹫֪𣿡
ףļױӲɵһᡣ
˾˶Ǹһá
ߢȥ۽ǵ˵ᣬҺأûǮõġΪԺӵġԶףҵģǽԺҲʱǡ
ףοЦЦЩףԺǷˡף˵Ҫˣ˯ƯƯĳ޲źá
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491¼ױ£

ף覷ĺӣվһѱסףӣס۵׵ˮ˵˾ˣô꣬ллҵŮһչˡ
Ժҵˡ
֮ǰһֱΪ޸ˣȴ˼޽ԺҪ뿪ԭļˡ
ĺܸл˾һֱչ˺Ͱ
ףƬ̣ı
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ףķԺףҪԼķ䣬ȴֱףס
覡ף֡
ףӣѾ¥ݿڵܾˡ
ףһ㶣߹ȥסֱʵ⹫ôˣô˯
⹫ҪãҲҪ⹫Բ
ףֱ˵ȥҵɡ
ף覵˵ͷݡ
ףڴԺףߵܱһļ͵ף覵ǰ
ףЦеģֺǺǵ˵ţġ
ף覷˿ȻǵһЩͬ
ף׼ĲͬǣһЩͷ
֮⣬滹һС嵥˲ٶף覲ݲݵɨһۣȻȫûһǺҵġ
ף˵˵⹫֮ǰ˸׼ļױǵܽʱˡһЩĹŶֻ˸װˡ޵ʱ򣬾һ͹ȥ
ףæϵļף⹫ЩԼŰɡ˾˸ղѾһݼױˣĲˡ
ף˵Լֱߵĺӣء˾˸ļױѾܶˣ
⹫һˣ׼ЩױʲôЩǮԼöð
ף˲˾˸Ǿ˾˸ģǴףҸļױ⹫һݼױһ⹫⹫еһ⣬㲻ҪǶ⹫ʲôƫ
أףæ͵Ҷྴ⹫֪ġֻҲˣЩǮԺԼãԼЩƷһԶá
֮ǰ˾˵⹫岻ȴǰ
Ȼ⹫ڿ㽡ʣѾ˲ҩˡ
⹫Ѿܴˣһһ棬޹ȥԺ󣬻ܼ⹫ٴأ
ϣ⹫ܹ˼Լһ㡣
ף֪Լ˵ףҵĺӶТ˳ĺܣҵĶӺͶϱǺˣ㲻õԺûϡҪʲôҶӻչ˺ҵġ
ף覻ǾܾҲȱЩǮ͵زЩǮ⹫Լžͺˡ
ף˵ⲻһǴġҿǸСӵĿܴҪҪչĸãԺǻȥڽĿԺСǽԺ϶Ҫġ
ף̾Ƚ̫ƽҪǺһȥôûһЩķأЩԺȥʱ򣬱˼е׵ģһ㣬Ҳð£
ףĬĬϵرǾʮԶһطˡȥôԶĵطð췿϶÷Ѳʱ䡣
ǵĻŶģ⹫϶ڻ綨ԺȥðЩô̵ʱ⹫üŪһЩǰĹֻޡ
ɴ˿ɼЩӦǴӺܾ֮ǰͿʼ׼Ķ
⹫ǴʲôʱͿʼΪٰЩأǲĻһ⹫Ѿʼ׼ˣ
Ĺذ⹫Ϊ뵽ôԶ顣
Ҳ֪׼Щ⹫ĹذҲ⹫ĵġ
⹫ԺùŻΪú·
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ףɫݣ⹫Ҫȥһ˹µʱҶû
᲻⹫һˡ
ף˵ֻҪԺһʱÿģﶼûϵ⹫ĵ׶̹ءҪԺò⹫ǰ⹫ĵҲΪܡ
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ף˵ȻҪޣͼ޸ԼϲģԼϲ˺úҪҪһӡ
ףףĵһӵʹ
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ףֺγǶĸ׵ıһֲ
ףۣף޸˺ı硣Ҫı磬ף覵ٴݡ
һĵ覣ҲһֱܺáһԺӣһͺֻۡҪǷͬЭǰٴѣ򲻵ǡ
뵽Щףĵײ΢οһЩ
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ףﱻƴƯƯģ쾫µĻһϣ˶бǰ޶ˡ
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⻰ɲڿţף覵ƤͰף۾ˮ顣ƽʱףֻҪ΢һ£ѾƯˣοĴأ
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ף覼״æץסƵ˵裬ȥŵ㣬̫۸
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Ʊף覴ߵûֻܹ·ţ¥ȥ
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ףҵĳڿ￴ףףһЦ⡣ף÷Ȼۺף覵£ǽǴõӣҲף覺鷳϶ҲЦ
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üëһѹ˼˵Ǯðءһ·ҪӦ˲٣˭һĺôǮ
ؿһʣǰ˸룬˵ҺףСʶܾˣҲһĹϵǾүҪôףȢˣҲЩ᲻á
ʵףСʶʱ䣬ܱǾүã
Ҳ磬ؾҲ硣
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֮ǰףļƻģԺ󣬾͸ɾҪɵĺȫ꣬˰ʱòǮ
ʱֳǮǾͳûݣݹ˲ŸǮȥף覡
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ֻⱲӾôһˣôܴأ
Ҫףʾ⣬ؽҲô
أǰԼҲûٰʾҪף覵⣬СӷҪû
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ûӮǰͷĻᣬҲֻнˣҪһѩǰܰ
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493Ǯͨ

΢򣬶˵
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ʣĺݸأʵˣԸү·𣿡
ؿĺ㶣ղɺķһ·߽ġĴǮͨذɾ̫ˣû˺濴ôӦ
ش¥ÿһߵףȥ
Ƽ״Це߻˷䡣
ף覼ˣæʵô絽Ķˣ
˵Ѿ¥ˣ͵ȹһˣ˾ӦûôΪİɡ
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ף̽ͷ⿴һۣȻûѾ
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ʱȴźͷס覵ߣס⿴Ŀ⡣
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⣬ʤΪѪãվһȺǰͷ˵ɹ٣ĺǰˣôѽûкǲܿġ
Ա߷岻ýŵ˱ʤµԵýεεģֺߡ
ʵֻҪкÿ𣿡
ʤһ㶣û뵽˵Ȼôֱ룬һʱ֮侹ȻûзӦ
ֻӦˣȴǰԡ
ûǼʤԱ߱İ˵ȻҲǣ㶼ǰôǵĺȻҲٰɣ˵ɹͨ죬ôõӣɲС
˼ǣǵøΪֹȻǾԲ·ġ
µغף⻰Ц
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·ҵģǻΪǿʽԭϻһأ
Це˵ĶûУܹ
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ޱѵС㣬үرƵģǵһ촩ΪӭȢ·ˡϵĴ֬Сıմ˾ү·
ʤϵЦһ֪ΪʲôֻȺ˺ȥҲûڰȺ
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ף覵˲䱬죬ͷøˡ
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494һӣ

ף¥£Ű
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ȹ裬үˡ
ףͳݸǣ֮Ǳ񳵡
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ʱһϻ꣬ĻϣΧĻ
һμǸСŮʱûԼԺȢҲûԼһȢԼⱲӵ롣
ף覷ıϣǵȥ
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СʱǸµŮû߽Ǹںӱ߲˵꣬ǿܸôҸһ졣
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Сʱ򣬻ʲôǹ¶Ҳʲôֻ֪һںӱߴ鿴Ǻѹ
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ɻ֪ҪЦΪʲôûЦ
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ĸ׵ʶ
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ף覰ıϣȦӵֽ˽Ȼ˵лл㡣
ллԼѵʱԼ
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ллΪ˱Լһ˳ЩʹĻ䡣
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ףߵĿ죬ףѵ֣㡣
ףĽŲͣż˵㣬ٿ覣
覾Ҫˣ޳ȥԺ϶ܺʹǰһˣŽᣬ࿴覡
ж֮ż͸ŨŨĲᡣ
ۿף񳵣ףۿ
ףݹȥһֽ֣ǴϲӣǸʲô
ף˵ʱҲ뿪ףҵġ
ף˲۽ǣף観ޣϲõͬʱȻʮǰ޳ȥף
ʱףҲһƬϲ֣ǸԼŮһޣóԺˣû뵽ԺףһҵĽ֡
Ҳ޳ȥˣͷһʯͷڵԷ£ͬʱֺѽԼٴοۣԺҲ
ףŽнԶ˵֣ģ覺Ͱ㲻һףҲ߰·ñκһŮ˶Ҹ
񳵽нԶʧ·ڵתǣվףҵſڣʲôˡ
˹ף˵֣ȻɣءһҪȥӦѣѹˡ
ףĿһʧķ򣬲˲ʪ۽ǣת߽
۾ͷ૵˵˺ã˺áԺҪúõء
ףͷĴɫϵԭЦŵģЦЦͻȻͿ˳
͸һŴŵ䣬ô־ֹס
һ㶣ôˣ
ףҡҡͷǿޡ
ڼ޸Ҳ뿪ôףҡ
᲻á
ĺ᲻á
ף覰ҡ˳̽ͷ⿴ȥҪ뿪֮ǰٿףһۡ
ǳҡ³һ˲䣬ոʻתǣֻǸϤͷӱףţͬķ
˵ҪԼҸҪԼ·顣ͺҸܿˡ
ˣ⹫鿴Ϊʲôû˵ôҸ
⹫
ףس
ְԼĻĺ˵ޣԺһԺһӣ㡣
-

495

Һףϲֵһ졣
񳵽ԺףȥϲϺһһϲơ
ףΪ뿪̫ѹȹһԺ󣬾˸ɣͰףͻ·ڼﻺ
ӸžƵĹزϣϲ˿ףҺ˵ϣҲҵǡף˳ԺҲû˵ʲô
ף覻ص·ԺڴЪ˰Сʱ·Ĵϣոµ
˶Ϊĸ֮ý֮һ˻ʶͺܿˡǲһߵһΪ
ʶ̫̫ã֮飬а飬Ҳмһ顣ʱƣ֮ĸѾʶʱҪŨңɸᡣ
˵ݳļҲ֮һֹԲ˰ɡ
ԺһúҸɡ
ף̧µĴ죬۵׷һƬ顣
ף⿴һۣ¹ϵ£һɫë¥ȥ
һֱŽﱻܵµֱӽҼӱ˲پơ
ʱѾ·߲ˡ
ףæһ˷ɳ£ʵôôడ
ͷʵϵ˵ϲľƣɹٶ㲻
ף覿һۣת߽ϴּ䣬ȡһˮһë߶
ף̧ͷ˵һ죬ӦҲѾ˰ɣȻȥɣչˡ
˽ף覣ҲǴ󹦸ˣûʲôĵġ
ЦǺǵ˵ˣ»ϲúϡ
ף覣ˡ
ˡ
ƺ˾ЩİͬʱҲۡ
ףšëһ٣Цлл
ЦǺǵ뿪ˡ
ףëʼ֡
ǺǳЦһȵ̫࣬һѾû뵽ֱѾȲ˵ĵزǰǺܺҲôʱ򡣡
֪ǰľãӦ֪ûô
ɳϵͻȻ˵ףһ㶣ҪԼֵһ˲䣬ϸָѾ߬
һ˫۾۵ɫаƵӣ
ף覲ղװѽ
ͷţȻôùȺˣôлô㣿
ףݼ¯࣬Ȼһ㶼ûп
ǣף覵ַڴǰһ㣬ȻֵԼĶͷ۾˵ȵĵȷе࣬ͷۡ
ףվҪߣסʵˣȥĶ
ƺף覲ɵһЦ
ףƲ˵ղѾȥãȻ㵽϶ͷءһ
ף覸Ҫߣһְ֣˻ף覣С˵⣬κѾҩá
ΪȢЩ겻֪˶˼
֮ǰһУôĴƴΪһܹףýȢؼҡ
ԸʵˡڳΪޡ
˾ļôܲˣֻҪףôĴһ
ǼףϵζȻץסף覵֣һתͰѹɳϡ
ף覵һ硭
ֱĶ۾ʵɵǲǸûƺˣ
۾ڵһ׵̶Ҫ棬Զ
ͷԼıǼȥģ۵˵⡣飬ף覵͵
Ϲ
ٿȻһĨЦƺȡá
Ժף覵ֱӵĽһǡ
ͷסĴ꣬۾ϸϸƷǰʪĶǽ񫡣
ĺ촽ϺΪ˺һŷſ
ף覺ȥҪˣˣҪȥѾˡ
Ȼûз뿪ѾôˣﻹֻѾ𣿡
ף㶣㲻ͷ𣿡
ֻǹѽ
ףѹ£ڲˣͷһطһ㡣
ŲŲ壬ԼȫѹףϣͬʱҲף覸ܵԼ
ף覵һæԼ𴦣ҿһۡ
һ֧ף覵࣬һס°ͣԴǿԼͷʵ¶Ժӣ
ף覴û
˵Ҫ
-

496¸

ף覾ȵôף㵱Сĸһ̥ºü
ָ̧ƽ̹Ķ˵һֱϲСģǲ̫Ծûˡ
ף覾ȵĿЦԷǵ˵ô˵ӻر۰ˣ
̹ȻЦġ
ͷĺ촽ſļͷЦ
ģɵӡ
ЦĻģףҲЦʵôЦôˣ
ɳ˵ҿġ
ĺԺѾܶûôˡ
ףЦЦվ߽˳
ûãף覾ͶһѾ˳ݸȺˣһȥ˯һ
˯һһѾ̧ͷʵһ˯𣿡
ף覵ͷš
˼ʵ㲻ң
»ޣȻһ˯Ļʲô壿
ףָһԶѳһСɽЦǱߵûУĶҶҪԺиЩԤĻء
ŵϣֶʲôʱüǽĵһ죬ҪȥЩеûġ
˵꣬ץף۵С֣¥
ףʵȥĶ
˵˯һ
ϴ˸裬һ˯£ףڴ
£ף覣ۣȵڱǼ
ף̧ߵյǼ⣬촽°͡
ף覿ӢգԡǴʲôʱԼĴ磬һأ
ĶһƬëŪЩ۽޲˲ûг
ף覵ʵţΪʲôң
۾˵ԼķһʲôǰҲû
ףһ㶣Լһζĳٶ
ʵЩһҹ㡭
ҲŲЦ
ףڴϣ֪˯ˡ
ҹԺʱһֺֻȻ˻ȥ°ʹԴϣ׵ķ˾ȵĺ
ĵڶ죬ף覾ȥҼ
ȻҲҵϱǵ·ģҵ˲סһ
潨ҵһϱȻܸˣףһĺǺӳͲˡ
ҵô࣬ڽЩʣµĴ󲿷ֶ潨ҵ
Ҷһϱ潨ҵȻҲһЩ⽻һӳܹܵˡܴĲĶҲҪһ롣
Һӳ쿴潨ҵף͵̬Ⱦ֪һЩ⽻ף覡
ԴֻҴһضȥˡ
һֱԷʱף覲ż
Ӧˣҵʱ϶Ÿס
һֵܺȵϲŻؼ˯ûСʱֱףˣúܡ
Ҫǽϱŵĵһ죬Ų
˸Ƿеүү衣
ӳ쿴ӣ΢ɲüæӱ£ݺݵӵһĴȡ
ǲϲף覼޽ңϵĹҲһ潨ҵĸŮڹҲʹ죬ҪҲ͡潨ҵ顣
ʹ˻һ˶˲١
е裬ѽ
һ
˵Ҹӳ˵㾫񣬲Ȼһ㣡
ף覽ҵţĸĵλ᧿ΣˣȥҪ潨ҵֱɨس
ƲƲ죬ûٴǷ
潨ҵɨһۣף覿潨ҵеɸֵ˼
Ҳѹ潨ҵ뷨ӣһԼƴҵгɣڻˣһǽףҡѾǺˡ
һӣ컨ƵأһЩѣĲĵģ¸ûһ䡣潨ҵڿͷ۲˳ۡ
˿ͱȼŵף覣ֽе磬ףСá
潨ҵ꣬صĿһ
ӳòһѡ
ع񣬿ף覽еŶǴɩˡ˼ղŽдˡ
ף覶΢΢˸ͷЦ۵ס
һ˵ӡ
ƦƦ˵ףɩúϣӰ
̧Ƴһۣ䲻ȵ˵ġ
˸ۡʱǼʲô¶ռˣףûˣġ
-

497ٸ̼

ʱһҲˣ潨ҵڽ£˵ˣԷɡ
һӼһŽԼͷ
һ⣬ϸϸ̣ŷŽף覵ϸԣ̡
̬ݣ飬˽Ѿ˺ܶΣҲһ
ӳ쿴һۣȻԼôԴһӡ
Դһôˣӳ֪ԴȻϲģŮһϣԴȴһҲȲĶ
Դ̫ƣʲô飬Ҳ̨˿һϵǻŮ˻ģѹףôϲ
ӳôţͼףվùĴҨһŵ潨ҵǰүү
潨ҵһ㶣ӣһƯòײŻ˿࣬ҲûжסһȻߣ竵ĲУԼչ˲ã˵չˡ
ӳŵ⼸꣬ȻҲչ˹ӣϱЩʵΪҵļҵĳ
һ˲֪һ˶ٶٷ潨ҵͷһڷϣ˽үүӱչʢȡ
潨ҵĵ׳ĺܣȻʹǰһһ˵ģðʢ
ףЦ潨ҵƣû£ڼҲչ⹫ġڽңҲһ㵱үү̷
潨ҵһӲˣЦүүТİɣȻսҵţ㻹ܾҪˡ
ϱҪֺһ
Ȼⲻף覵һμ潨ҵһף覿ҵˣܶʹǰǲһġ
潨ҵ۽䣬ףΪʢһڣ̵룬ϱð֪ˡ
ӳ쿴潨ҵ鰵
ףСӣͲĻȴĺܡ֪˼ҪշͱֵôԣòһʼΪҵĲҵİɣ
ӳԽԽòף覵۾Ҳ˼ַŮǸˣܲ
ôҪף鷳ʧˣף覽ҵţҪԸף覾͸ˡ
ӳ쿴ڵӣĪһԼݺϲ̨棬ҵһӵĸо
ӳһ̧Ȼףʵ覣үүڹû𣿡
ףתͷүү
ӳ˵ǰ̼ˣڻүүǽС𣬶԰ɣڹôˣ
ףһ㶣Ŀ˺ӳΡ
ףϵЦݶʱ
֪ףڱǵʱ򣬾Ѿ̼ҸˡѾû˴ǰķ⣬˵ԺҪ˳Ͱۣһ˪˵δʵ̫˵㡣
ף覸˵Ҫ潨ҵԼүү̷ӳ飬ȻҪʾ潨ҵףδһҲôԴ
ԼүүôԴˣʲô˵ġ
ף覷Ŀӣʵ飬Ӱʲô
̧ͷһۣף֮ղԾ
ӳЦеף覵һӲˣ˵ûʲôѽǼȻ׼ˣǱߣҲӦùһܲǶңһҲ˽ɣ
ף覺ȻЦǴ̼ҳ޵ҵĻ鳵Ǵӱǹ𣿡
ӳһ㶣ǡ
ף観޵ʱȥףҽӵӣ˾֪
ף覼˵Ӧ֪Ҳе̼ңףҡҵˣôҵϱǴ޹˶֪
ӳ˵֪޹ˣζźӳͶǽ鲻ġ˽鶼ϣǺӳͲ䵱ҵˡ
ҪǺӳ֪ǴףҼ޹ģ飬ǺӳǴڷĲʹ졣
ף覻Žϱҵĵһ죬ֳʲôг顣ǺӳȻôҪ̫ƽףҲԼûбҪӳʲôӡ
Ҫǽͱӳ۸ԺӳһΪ
ӳɫε˵Ŷһʱ֮ǲˣܻ̼ҵˡҶһ̼ҵ飬ҲûдɣϾ֮Ѫףǰɣ
ʲôѪף潨ҵŤͷźӳʵ㻹ҶմһЩݣ
ӳϱٵЦѿһ죬ڷϣ֪˵ʲôá
潨ҵ˵̼ԼҪ覣ͺ˹ϵ覴ʱʼףҵˡ覼޽ңˣǰ̼ңǰ˰ﶼϵĹϵﳶ̼Ҹʲô̼ҶЩʲô㲻֪Ժڼٸ̼ҵ飡
潨ҵ˵̼ҵ飬һʼ̼ҶԲף覣ֲ˺覷ˣȥ̼ұ
н³ǻã
ӳʲô˼ʲôƣĵ׶ĺܣ
ϱŵĵһͱ潨ҵѵ⣬ӳǶĲˡɫǺƳףһۣվʲôҲ˵ͷʼԷ
-

498»

Ժף覾ͻףҡ
ò׵ȵף覻ŵӣףһףҵſڵţϣܹڵһʱ俴ף覡
Ͼŵ㣬ҵĳڳ˽ֿڡ
ף۾æƵʵ㿴ǲҵĳӡ
̧һǡ
˵ǣӦ覴Źүˡ
ף˵˵죬ҳȥӭһӭ
ԭ޳ȥŮؼʡףеĳǲóӭӵģ˿𣬾̫ḡ
ףô룬Ȼǰףڱǵʱٻ׻ףҵˡںף覼޳ȥˣ֪Ժף覼һһ棬ԲŻôż
뿪ף죬ףȴף覱ȵȥǵʱ뿪»Ҫá
ͣſڣȴӳ
ƹߵһ߰ף覴˳ţף覴ӳ˳
ΪΪ˸һͷɫĳȥϴһɫСӣᡣ
ףף覸˵Ľе⹫
Ÿ߸Ьȴף˹ȥף˸
ףֺǺǵ˵˵ā䡣
ЦЦĿףһۣղүԼʱôȰϻȥ˵ʲôĻ覻ؼˣүӵæŶ覻ݡ
ף覺һ˷ףһ߸첲ףңҲȥ
Žףңףȥ鷿һ̸֮ðû
ףףףķȥ˵强
һţףȲץף覵ʵô˴òãûΪʲôҪʲôõģھͿԸ⹫˵⹫һί
ףЦе˵һжͦõģ½˫棬ҵӶҲܷңû۸ҡ
˵Ӷ˵ʲôӶҪǲ˾ͺˣƲʲôˡʵҵĳûΪ㡣
ףûίףҵĵ顣
˼ȢϱǰԼ˵ĸһ仨ƵģǵĹ޹ȥԺȴ˵һףһסǿҪף۸
ף˵ûѽǶͦõģҿүүĵ׻ͦϲҵģ컹ҺһϷء
ףһǸͷӣòҪ۸Ǽҽף覣Ȼ潨ҵÿ
һѪʵǸأô
ӳڻڱҲף覵ţҪΪף覣ף覻û˵ȥ
ףҵ˿ɲǺ۸ģӳҪĸôףҵһӳùӳԡ
ף˵ܲҽţڽĵڶҺһȥҳԷʱڷǺһ䡣
ףߣͷһô۸㣡
ףЦŮĶô۸ڷҾͰѻȥˡ
ȲʵǺأûо龾㲻ţ
ף˵ҿҪڷѿ˼үүȥˣŴҵѵһ٣û˵ˡ극ԺҲˡ
ףף覵һϯĵǳ˲١ֻҪҵʱ潨ҵԸԺӾͻùܶࡣƾǸӳ췭Ҳ潨ҵָɽѹš
ŮҲǸˣ϶ű۸
ؼһˣһֱ˵ҵˣף覷סףʵô
ף˵Ǻʹǰһ㲻õǵ飬һӺء
ƿһۣ룬˼ҹ覣ˡԴ覼޵ףȥԺףûԼٷ춼Ժ﷢
Ȼ˵ף覾޳ȥииˣǵȵԼŮļ޳ȥˣףҲЩᡣ
ףǱѽףͷϵһ⡣
ףЦ⹫Ҳ˵Ļ
ף˵Ѿ޽ˣҺܺãʲô鶼ңԺֻãֻڼúõúõĳлϥ£ùҡ˼̫಻á
⹫Բ·趼Ѿ͵͵˵ˣ˻ţһҪȰףſģٵ
⹫ΪһӵģѾˡ
ף۾˵ͷӵḻأĶп㣬ÿһȺͷ壬֣֪æܶءҲǽţҲ˵Щ
ף覵۾һСǣ⹫ĻҶء
-

499¶һ

ף覵ʵ㹫ôûаźӳ۸ԼĶϱɣ
˵Դף覵һ¡
޵Ժ˽˾ԴĴҲȿף覵ӡԴһĬԣٺദˡ
֮˵Ļ޼ףҲ׼ԴƢԡ
˵ҵ̬ȣһҿûкųҵӡ
ֻҪûΪͺáʵʲô̬ȣ
˼Ҷ˵Ȣ˺Ժ׵ɺԴǲҲҪԴãǲǶףҲ̫ã
ףпϵ˵Ǹ̫֮׽ûֵ̫ĵزٱ˴֮仹л˵ġ
ԴĺȢĵײܲ⣬Ҳ˸Ӽ֡һƵ⡣
ף룬ʵͬĸĵܵأʲô̬ȣ
ǰף˵б˼ףѾ޹ȥˣҲɩˣ֪ĵôģǲǻף覴治е˼
ףҡҡͷԺֻһΣһһԷʱ򣬲֮ûô˵
ף˵ҲãܲӴͲҪӴҲʡԺ񻰵飬ǳʲôлҪǣ㡣
ףǺܵʲô񻰵ġ
֮ǰףδ޵ȥңҶף˼˭֪˼ûжϵ
ף˵⹫İɣҺԺûжټĻᡣҾҪһȥˣµġ
ףһ㶣
ף覵˵ͷ֮ǰһֱûʲôȥǽˣȥתһȦϤһ⡣󲿷ֶԺҿ϶ҲҪʱȥϤһҲá
ףȻף覣Ҳ֪޳ȥŮóȥˮףȥҲ޿ɺǡ
׼ʲôʱ
ף˵ںϡ
ף۵͸ֲᣬȻô졣
Ǹط̫ܲƽȽͱǶҪңȥԺһҪעһ㡣ף˵˵ţȴͻȻЦ߰㣬Ҳʲô
ף˵һȥӦֻϤһ飬̫ãȵǱߵĶ˽Ĳˡǻһˡ
ף˵ͺá
ףЦЦף֣ġ
ѾǺˣһ۸
ף覺ףһ죬ףͷ⣬Ҫ˯һ˼ʹˣ׷ף覾ͺ˳˷䣬ףϢ
ƹϷԺ󣬾ף覵ߵʵ֮ǰҺ˾ڱǼǸС٣ǲˣ
ףһ㶣ôͻȻˡ
ף˵ǰ
ĳĽ̵ǰûн飬С㵽ȥȻöλС˵ʲôݿǲһˣһȥһҪóͷ˵ҪٸСĻᡣ
֮ǰڱǵʱ;Сٺܲϲʱʱ̶̿ǸŮ˲֪ˣƿɲ뿴ԼŮΪһĪŮί
ף˵İɣСٻҡҲûǸ˼һֻ꣬ҲȻ
ף覸ǰô˵˵ȫġ
ˣüͷ
˵㲻ֻҪ㷲¶һۡһŮ˵ֶμ㲻᲻֪ϲ㣬ҪҲһʱأʱѾɣҪʲôҲˡ
ϲף覣¶ǲġףϳԿ
ףĬĬ˵ҲеҪСʹʲôֶΣҲʤο̬ȣƺûҪСٵ⡣
һɣҪؿɾˡԺǸöһǸŮˡ
ף׵裬Ҽˡ
ʱʤ´˳ܵףǰʵ覽㣬˵ʲôأ
ף÷ͼʤף覽Ժ󣬲û뿪
Ǵס죬һֱȵʤ¿ѧ뿪
ף˵ף÷ԭǴߵģǼʤ²ߣһʱ䡣
ף˵ûʲôҾҪһȥˣҼ仰
ʤºĪȤһڴĿףʵҿһȥǲǺܺ氡
ף㶣ɻĿʤôȤǵطʤز죬ȥʲô
-

500Ƿ

һοǲ̫ˡ
ףԥҪҪϼʤµʱ򣬲֪ʲôʱ˵
ףͷһۡ
ʤµϵЦݽӲ֣û뵽ܾԼľȻף覣
ߵףߣļ򣬰§Լͷһڣ˵ǣ˸ûȡ
ʤ²ĵʵΪʲô
ʤ½еĵ˳ڡ
̧ûʱչ㡣һҴ¶ȥҪܶˣĲͬطܣ֮ҪĲҵæʵڲʱȥĵط档
ʤһ㶣䡣Ϊһ»үС˵ֻʵ̫ˡ
ʤµüͷ壬ôˣ
ʤµͷ˵ʵҲչ˺Լò鷳ˣֻҪȥˡ
˵ҪǸȥʲô£չ˲ܣ´ΰɡ¶Ǳ߰ˣٹȥ˵㻹ڶ飬ڻѧҵΪأ˵أ
ܾĸɸɴ࣬ʤκηĻᡣ
ԲҪʤ¸һȥ
ʱҲ˵һȥҲȥģͱȥ»鷳ˡ
覺Ÿս飬Ǹ滥ĥϵʱʱʤ½ȥһţǶ˵ʤҲǣʱ˵Ҫһȥ̫ˡ
ʤһ˲⣬Ҳû˼˵ҪȥֻһСȴдĲˡ
ף˵ȹʱ䣬ҲǱ߰ˣҲϤˣһ绰㣬ʱ
ʤ³˳ǣЦе㽩ӲȻмֲġ
ף覺ףһֱ뿪
˾ֱȥ
ԶӽȥҪЩʱ䣬ͷĻ𳵣һֱڶŵĻվ
ףϿһСһ·ںš
һƤ䣬һļ򣬿˻վΧ
ܴվȱҪ࣬ųվڣֱ߾ͼС̯ļͼ
ף覽ûôԶͻȻŵζӹĽһûסԼĶӡ
Ѿڳվͷˣԭ§첽ֵߣԤȥͶԷ֪͡ôģȻע⵽СȻС̯ͣժ׶ʵҪĸ
ף΢΢һ£ָһֱӵĽƵļ
ʵҪԼ
ףָЩ˼˵
תС̯ϰ˵ð˸ֿװ
ףһ㶣ôɰ˸ˣ
ӿڴͳǮݸС̯ϰ壬ǸСϰֽֽܿ˼ݸ
óݸף覣ļָԼҲ
Ȼ°ף˵߰ɡ
߳ӵĴ֣·߾ͳŵĳ
𻢿ڽֱ߸Լһ̣һɫƤ£Ա߻վһˣĿ׶񣬿һ׺ݵĺڶ
ӳվˣߵĽһү
𻢼Ÿյȼ̧ȥף覼һߵģЦЦָ̧߹ף覴˸к
С÷þò
ף΢΢һЦ˵ͷãþò
ߵǰʵӶʰ𣿡
İɣҿʰģʰأС÷סȥһļ˵Ǵӱǻˣֵǲ֪㣡
ļһ̧ѽ𻢵ֶ˵˳˵ʲô벻룬ģ̫ˡר̻Ǵʶʶ
𻢶ף覼˼ۣС÷ðʶˡ֮ǰصôʵ㱻֪Ƶģ뿪ˣ
վһԣԽѵѾǷˡ
һûӦ˵ʲô
ָף˵ѾףС㣬ˡ
㶣ðβŷӦ
ȥϱ
Ťͷһۡ
ü
𻢾ȵʵ㶯ô죿
ϴȥף覵ʱǸףСģŶ򣬾ȻͱˡжҲ̫ľˡ
ЦЦԽ˵Ͱϲơ̫ã²ŵȢؼңᱻƭߡ
Ƴףһۣ˵ͷ⵹ǡ
С÷һŮȥﲻ㣿
ָвϲ
˵ϳɣ·˵
һԵĳţأף˳
༸ҲȺ˳ӻסȥ
-

501ǸС

ףͶˣԺ󣬾ͳ˸ղļ
ᵽ˼ζǰŴӺӾף観Ե㣬ɵһڿˮһϾȻҲм
˵ǰ죬ûԷأǼǳԵ㡣
ףһ㶣̧ۿ˽һۣļҲǣҲǡ
ף˵Ҫҷһ飿
Ļ䣬ֱӰһڶûԵļ˽𻢣һ˵㣬ǰ߶
ļˣ覵ģ
ЦǺǵĽסȥļ˵үǴ󷽰ϱ͸ˡ
ʵ˳ԵĻһ㶼²ס𣿡
תȥԼһҧһڣŵĶǼζ
ף覿һ۱Լҧڵļͳֽʣµһݸ
ף˵Ҳһ顣
Ƴһ͵ԼǰĶԼһ˶ҪĶΪʲôҪһ
Ҳ㶼˰ɡ
ףƶ˵һҸոճܺóԵġ
ΣӹݹļҧһڣųţǺȻ
ףʵûƭɣó԰ɣ
ĵͷʵζһ㣬ףӦǺܶ˲Żζ㡣
Ͳסˡ
ڽϿ˴Сʱŵǵס
³ף覽ݡ
˵ŽԷ
һ¥ߵС󷿣ɣҲãף覿ĵһ۾ͺϲ
ףתһȦʵǰסﰡ
룬˵Ҳǡ
ףʵס
߹˵ǰûʱ򣬶һסһŪǵطʲô˶СҲˣķӡʱʢһκͺƵܣ첲ϡ
ȿȡȻһ
Ƴĸ첲һۣǴǰڱ˵¡
¶С÷֪أ˵©ˡ
𻢻һת˵ȥˣǲܴǰЩˣҲûм˸ǰˡ
ף覿סĸ첲˹ȥǰһƮˡ
˵ûô˵ʲô಻ġ
ָԺ˵֮ǰĳͣԺԿҲϵطҪԼáУȥۺóԷ˾ƣóʱ䲻˵Ҫӷϴ
ͷϵ׶ɳϣժ˵ã֪ˡ
ؿףһۣѵϴС÷ҲֵǼһˡڱϾˣҪһֱϵôɩ񻰣ֵС÷ԺС÷û˸۸
óʱ䲻һϢųˣССǶ֪ˡ
Цġ
δ覹ҪôʶʽǵĹϵ÷˵ݡ
ļ˵ˡ
ףɳʵۺǷׯ𣿡
ЦǣҲǡ
ףʲô˼
شҲ̫ģˡ
˵ۺ꿪ģǸׯҲž¥Ժȣʵֵܵһ۵㡣
ףһ㶣ȵʵĵؽϾȻаɣ
ǶǶǰĶˣھȻڣ
˵֮ǰǸ˵ؽң߻ӣʲô˶СٰɶţŵľۺһСİɡ
ף覲ɵĵ׷ˡۡһ̾
ѹ֮ǰСڱôʢˣԭǸڶ
һۣף覵ıޱȾȣ˼Ѿ֪žۺƮȥˡ
Ц㲻Ҫ˼룬ۺɭϣֵܶǻˣҲİաǴǰ۸ؽˣŪ˸ۺҲ÷
ףԺ֡Ŷһ
Ȼ̧ͷʵҲǾۺ𣿡
ʵϣ𣿡
ףֻסĲӣЦӯӯĿ˵νǲҶϲ㡣
Ѿ˻飬ϱȴǰû˱ܻ䡣
ͷǰļˣ˳ͷסĺ촽ѹɳϣ˺һŷŹ
°ʵǹڹ𣿡
ףϣûаҸղֻڶЦ˭֪þүȻôͶˡ
޺޵һѣԱ¶ղ顣
ţĸܰѳֵס
ǸС
»ˣһۣܱϵĻ꣡
-

502

ڼϢһ˰룬ҲϢˣ˾񣬾Ͷȥ˾ۺá
ȱǴһ룬ۺǵסȽԶΪ˲ٵҪһš
ף覿žǰԼһɫȹӣĸɫ£ߴ߻ͷʵȥǵľۻᣬ᲻̫һ㣿
ϾӵݳϯĳϣףԼ̫򵥣ǰˡ
ߵףϣϸ˵ᣬãҪǴ̫Ưˣϱ˻ᶯġ
ףʵǶʲô飿
˵֣һЩͺãǶΪ㡣
ף覿žʵΪʲô
˵Ϊ㣬һͷʰǡ
һδԼȥǣȺСҪǸΣŵͷͰǵƤ
ףЦ۾СΪţʲô˵ĳ
߰ɣףڴ˵
СʱԺ˾˾ۺáۺһЩŵĽſڻ
ۺһͣӪҵӣǴͨ˽ȥ
ף覸߽ȥһŷһ޴ϯ᳡ǰǰ˲ӡǵʱ򣬾ۺѾвˡ
᳡ﶼúΪҵĶ࣬᳡ﾹȻҲۺÿһԱźɫɽװ侫ɡ
ףĪ뵽ЩŹĺڰҪֳǻϳһǡ
˵˭ҪǴɽװô
ף覵ͷȤ˿ǻܵˡ
һۣ˵һ㣬ȥ
ףһ㶣ѯĻܰ
ü˵ͷȻģ˵ǰɣӪ˻ǳзģ
ףĬĬס䣬߿
СЦϲֱףڲκĸо
þн͵ԼҾͺˡʱȻһ
ף覻ͷһһɫȣźɫñӵ˾վǵҲ֪˿Ƕˡ
ǰʱ΢΢ЦüҲᣬʮкӡղ˵Ǿ仰ȻǶ˵ġ
ףɻ˭ѵʶԼ
ֱſ˹ȥ
һҪȣֻ̧һֻ첲˱˵ûˣһΪҪסˡ
ʵСӰ˵˵ôҲøһˣģ
ЦЦ̧صĺ󱳣Ǻкһַʽ
ף覽ܵ꣬Сٵĸ硣ҪҴ꣬С
ףЩȣȻꡣ
֮ǰСٵɣף覾ýݣҲʶľӦҲǸСһſԸû뵽꿴ôģ͡
ֻᣬôһȡ
ףȻǷծ
֮ǰڱǲ㱻˰㣬û뵽һպĳҲ֣ȲŲˡ
Ϊ飬֮ҲΪСôݡҪǻ˱ˣһ˸ˡ
СС٣ʱ˵Ҳûٰףĵ׶ʱ״һľءܲΪһС٣굱ֲʹ졣
ͷеá
ЦЦָǰ˵ɣһֱ˸λء
˵ţ˹ȥ̫òҲϲ
ǲʶף覣Ҳܲ³ݡ
ʸ۲͵ˣҲֻһףˡһۺãվһˣ¶ЦݣͲµݡ
ڳһֻǣף覣Ҳˡ
һطƺЩϰߣɲھۺܡ
һϵˣͷ׷תеүã
ֻǼ򵥵ĸ̧֣òԵĴкˡ
ƺλ˶ѣף覾ѾҪЩʺõ˶Ĥ
ʺõԽԽ࣬ȻʲôҲû˵ܻ᲻ʱʺõ˵ͷ
һᣬ˶үλһŮ˻Ǵûйأ
-

503·˺ã

˵ȥǸ꣬ף覺棬תķһۣ۵ײŵЦ⡣
˱ףĻͷһۣһ뾪ۣүŮ˺Ư
ղף߹ȥʱǶûôע⵽ϸһŷ֣үŮǽһ۾ܼסĺÿŮ٣ףÿˣҲҲѽ
û뵽Ⱥ˻ôö֮˵ÿף覵һ죬̻عͷ
Щ˼״Ӹ˵ˣ
᲻صĿһһִף覵ļͷԼ˴Ȩ
Χ˺ʵǾүŮ˰
;үߵĽŮ֮٣һֱ˺С٣Ҳ벻ʲôˡСٺ;үһʱҲûүôǵĶ
ͷȺ˵ǼСӲˣҷƤͷδ׺ߡ
ˣƺʱһһȺƿˡ
ǰʱҲйҪŮҪ;үϹϵԼԼҥԵģǾүûгϹĸŮˡ
ɲһˣǣ
ү˵·ˣǾǷˣ׵ģ
ȺҲȫСܣҲһԭǸģġ
Ȼ˳ٷ
µȺе˺ã
˴ͷã˾ͶŽпˣ˵ھۺ˷
ףûкһ֣ҲûбֵĶֻԼλУͷЦЦ
һýһʮС꿴ӣɵһȼ֮˵Ҿþү˲һ㡣
˵˽֣ٹҲֵһˣΪһΣ͸ˡ
һҪһЩЦ˵ĲǷϻ𣿷ôÿһģһֻҪ۾ûϹģ֪˲һ㡣
˵˽ŸΪñһ֣˼Ҷ󸣡
֣ٹ˴һۣ˵˭˵Ƿ˵òˣ˵ˣһǸ򵥵Ĺ
󸣻ͷףһۣԼĺ˵ûҿ˵ͦߵġ
ǵͷǳЦСϲ
ȻүŮǾԲФġ
֣ٹɸֵ˵Ϊû濴ϸȻǸղһ󣬵ǷֻǵͷһҲûһŮһھү¶ʲôӣȥⲩ˵Ļġ
󸣻ǲףʵǣôÿһ͹˻ˣҪȥ˵Ļ𣿡
ûбҪ
֣ٹʵǾүֻ𣿡
룺ǡ
֣ٹϥ˵ϲүŮô࣬ǾүŮˣǵһɣһʲôطͱŮҪһ
Ȼ֣ٹֶף覵ķ˸˵ٿʱֱ̬ͦ˫ƽ룬΢գע⵽Сȶǲ£ġһŮһ֪Ǹܹ˼ҽĴҹ㡣
̬ɲһ޼ȵģ
֣ٹζ˵ڼӦҲǸǧء
󸣾ȵĿ֣ٹһƣһӾͿôˣ
ٹĲ
֣ٹЦЦǿɲҸ˾үԺǰǰѧ˲ٶǲ֪֮ǰʲôġ
ں˵أүѾԺۼŷ˵Ļỹ٣϶֪ġ
֣ٹ˵ͷĵ׻һ仰û˵
ţ˵˼صͦһܿĳġ
˭֪һ󸣺Ȼ֣ٹĸ첲ʵȻȻǷˣСٽզ찡
СٽϲүǴҶ֪飬֮в˶ΪүԺСٽһأû뵽ү뿪һʱԺֱӾʹһˣ
һֱھүߵСٽ㡭ûûҪˣ
Сãֺ꽻ãҸӣʱ򶼻ŽһСٽ㡣
֣ٹĻݺݵһĺ˵ɱɣзˣ㻹ʲôСٽСٽ㡣
󸣾úίҾǹһ¡
֣ٹСٽϲүǾүʲôãԺǹϷ˾ˣɱ𷸺Ϳͷʰ
ͦãʱ򲻴⣬ôŵ飬ȻŪӦվһߣ֣ٹ̲סЩ
󸣱֣ٹһԺͷĵס
ͷ̸˼䣬ʵλʱӦþͲ˰ɣ
̧סף覵˵ʱûߵĴ㣬ʱ䣬Ҫ¶Ϥһ⡣
-

504²²˭

ʱҲ߽˾ۺã̧ͷķȥͼָС
𻢴߹ȥǰӣ˵˼ˣ·мҪģǾ˳˼ˣһ½ǡ
ڼв˵ף̧ͷ
ĳٵɶ
б˽һۡ
һ㶣Ц˵С÷Ҫ£ҾǿЦЦ
ף覺ܸӵģЦ
꿴Žʵʶ
𻢴û࣬һִα˵֮ǰǾүҰæ𣬴ֵȥǵʱͼС÷ˡ˵Ǽ¾үҲΪС÷Ұġ
㶣û뵽ף覺ͽ𻢵Ĺϵ񻹲
뵽Լãɵ̧ۿףʵʲôʱʶģ
ףͻȻĿӣǫ͵˵ܾˡСʱҾ͸ܡʱһ硣
˵϶ᣬҲû׽
ǰ˱ϾСٵĸ磬˵Լã껹Լĳ֣ƻõҸʲôġ
һھ˵Ҵǰ顣
ף㶣Ƴһۣ˵Ǵ˵ġ
ףһۣ˵ʲôˣ
˵Ҳûʲô˵һֱһϲãСʱûչ˺ãԳҪúչˡ
ף覵־ٵǰ˵չ˺ˡ
ȢŵԼߣúչˡѾûбõˡ
һֱ֪Сٿܻȡֵʱ򣬵겻ᡣһʮֽˣҲǰ󷽵ĳЩ
ףŤͷ۾ʵ㻹˵ʲôû
Ѷ۵ȴЦ⡣
ͷ߹ԹԳϣ˵ˣ˵Ư
ϵ˺ȻЦ
˸Ƕֵľȡ
үǸľүȻҲ׺͵һ棬Ҳֻķڵʱ¶ıˡ
ףһվͷ˵ȥϴּ䡣
΢΢ף˸ָ˹ȥϴּ䡣
ףαף覵׸ϡ
ϴּںԺӱߣԺз磬᳡ôů͡Ҫǲһ·һܻᴵð
ף覵˵һҪǾģھۺߣԺͦ󣬿͸͸
ۺ᲻СܳúܣζҲܴ̱ǡ
֪ϲĵط
ף΢΢һЦ֪ˡ˺ҵģġ
Ҫߣȴٴס
˵ĴָĦһ̧һֵֻ˵Լա
ףһĨЦݣڴҵͷһ£ת뿪ˡ
𻢱Լ۾룬ûۿˡûۿˡ
ôͻȻͱô鲻Ҫأ
ףԺſŽʵôϱ㼵ˣʾԼȥһӦҲǼ¶ôõˡ
̩ɽѹʽѹ͹һھƣǺǡ
ףߺ󲻲ãۺͣһ
ſڵһˣһͷеСٽ㡣
Сٽ촩һƤӵĺڰ׸·ûиǰˣʹ˽ȥ
СһĶߵʵôң
ߵصظѡĸ֮࣬ǰҲСȥһ˱ǣɡʱҲרŸСٵ顣
Сôһٽѵɵͷ˵֮ǰû˵飬ҲǸ֪ģСٽ
СƳһۣͷİڰ֣ˣȥɣҪȥˡ
þûˣûӦЩˣʲôûҪ
һ˵һȥҵС·
Сٶ죬һۺõĻ᳡СپǳϿӰ
СһϲŽµĸ߸һ̳˹ȥ
нŲӽΪף覻ˣڻ᳡ҲûбŮˡ
һĨЦ⣬˭֪ʱȴһ˫ס۾ʵȸԾʵ²˭
𻢺˶һԭҪסС٣˭֪ȻֱӾͳ˹ȥס۾ͣĻᶼûС
ϵЦһ䣬ְ̧Сٵ˫ժ
ʵôˣ
Сٸװ˵ǻ˵أ͵͵Էңֿ˵㣬磬ôҲң
֪ϲľôҲ
-

505¿Գ

εĿС٣һףһԷ顣˼Ժ󣬲žС٣Ժ󿴼бŮ˲ġ
˭֪СپȻԼҹˣ˭ͨ
ۺﲻ˶ǸģȻҲʶС٣Ҳ֪Сٶ˼
ڿСǰֳôǵӣҵɫЩ֡
үѾзôСٽ㻹ڴ֮ͥº;үǣ̫׵ɣ
꿴СһۣԼߵ˵ȻˣɣһԷ
СٲϣЦ˵Ҫߡ
˵Ҫӣ˭֪ȥȴְ̧ѹסˡ
Сһ㶣̧ͷˡ
Сٲ˭
ʱһҰ
Сٵһͷһף˫ֲڶվȺ￴
ۺֵǶĿĵƳ
·˺;ͬһãʲôħ޳
ղСٽ˵ЩҲ֪·˵ûС
·ҪˣòСٽɣ
СپȵĿף覣ô
ǰһͷף˵ˣ
ףߵߣϵĴֵ̧ݸ
һˡС˺ܾãôǷˣ
ЦЦкԭףС㰡
ף΢΢ףͷվһԵС˵ңҲԳΪˡƺȻҲãһͦϲġ
СϵЦһˣ
ţˣףס֣۵׾Ц⣬»顣
ѾˣŮ˼ǡƵĻףȥˡ
Сεԭأף覣ֿ˿
ǰǵȻҲûʲôѾ˷ˣȻڴǰأ˸ðʲôˣ
뵽ղԼڴǰǶ˿ȥЩ˻֪·ˣ;ö˵ĲС
һʱžһԼߵӶС˵ô
Сͷߵߡ
ףն·ˣҿ϶˵ʲôҪ¶˾ֻСˡ
СΪ˻Ծգк˵ҽúóԣúúȣ룡
̧ͷһۣεġ͡һ
СλϣƵƵͶȥĿ⣬ȴûд
ʵ˴Ϥ⣬ʲô𣿡
˵ҲûʲôرģҪʱ䣬ȥһ̫ˡˣȥ̫˴к
һ̷ԼĿ˵̫ǵüһ棬С÷㵽ʱȥʱһ㣬̫һϲ㡣
ףʵ̫˭
û˵ʲô̫˱ֵİ
ͷ͵һ˵з̫̫һ˶ܹĶݡʧܹһΣ̫˰æҲڼ֮ڶɽ𣬲˺ļҵ
ʱӦѵһӣû̫˳֣ڻֻǸ°ĶصСӡ
ף΢΢ףǶдĳǵȥһ
ףŤͷʵʲôʱȥ
룺ɣ㲻ǻϤҴĴϤԺȥ
ʲôϰߡ
ףȴ˵ҿɣ̫˱ϾǳЩȥһ㣬Եء
СĻݺݵس˳Լȹӡ
ʲôأף覾˵̫ĵλߣԲҪͽ˼ңԼվȽŸɣ
Ů˵滰˵ƯǿɱҪƭ
ʱСٺȻ̧ͷף˵֮ǰȥǵʱܵףСչˣҲӦչչǡ
ף覵ĵ̣ɾ˵ˡǰףڱǸʩӵЩѿҪȫֻ
ף覻ôֺ
ףĬĬ̧ͷʵҪôչң
С˵㲻Ǹô⸽ʲôϤпյʱҴףСĴȥתתô
ף΢΢һЦСٵĽ˻ȥСĺҾˡʵûʲôգҺս飬ҪȥϤء
Сü˵ƽʱôæҲʱʱġ㻹Ǹȥ߰ɡ
ף˵ǲ鷳СˣϾҲر졣ͻȻ֮飬ЩϰˡңӦҲû˵ôæɣǰɣ
ףתͷ׸
-

506֮

һιڴǰ̬һ仰ͿֱӰ쵽ף覺Сڴĵ׵ĵλ
еĿүǸںСٽ㣬Ǹں·أ
ͷһЦº͵Ŀף˵ô˵æأҶ飬֮á
֮ãףȻ
ֻǰ̬˭˵ˣ
ǣҪԼ̬Լ̬˰ɣ
ԣ̧Сٵֱģİο֪СôԣҲ뿴С̫ѹ
̧ͷС˵ĺǾˣ»ޣദӻҪһһ
Ƴһۣ罺Ŷ
Ҫˣ
ǸղĻѾ˵ĺˣǷһͦõģҪǵ
ЦСپ̫ںˣҪԾ֮ꡣ
һ䲻᲻صĻҲûп˭˭֮ľ룬ȷʵôҾСٸղŵĻûб˼ǰС˼ֱ档
ף̧ͷһۣĵ׵мǰˡ
Ϊһ磬չԼáΪһѣҲûڽΪѡҪСӶˡ
Ĺ̬Сڽʱﵹûף覵Ĳ硣һٷԳԵĲɵģϵЦݶٵĿ
ۺõϯûСپͽ˵Լе㲻ǰ볡ˡʵǿȥף覺ڷǵˡ
ף뿪֮ǰھۺõſڽסףС㣬ɷԵƬ̣
ףһִڳϣͷʵʲôô
Źȣһȳһյߵףǰ˵СٵЦˣǰԹˣϣȥ
ף覵ͷһЦ̧˵ĵ׻ȥѣ˭ϲ˺ܾõͻȻͱ˽ˣ᲻ʹ졣ôõһ磬뿪ʱ˵𣿡
һ㶣ҲЦ
һ뿪㡣
ף覿һڳ۵˵ȵе࣬Ȼȥˡ
վԭأ֣һ䣺·Сġ
ףϳӣܿʧС
뿪Ժϵº͵ǳЦ͵ȥ
ղף˵仰ԭϣףԺܹСһ㣬ҪСټƽЩ飬ȴû뵽ףԼСٸĻĻ˻
ף覵Ļ˵ĺޣ˼Ѿˡ
Сٵĸ磬ԹС٣ɲǣҲûҪСٵ˼
ǸˣܹСԼ뿪ãҪС벻ҪƻĹϵҲСٷȥ˵ҲֻСԼͿԼôѡˡ
һߵʵ磬ȥĶ
ͷ˵ȥɣСٹڼء
ջصС¥ϵķˤйߡ
СʱǵļҾãСǳԹЩͷġ
귢ˣһЩҵ
һֱΪСٻܹɣȴû뵽СٻΪұԺԽԽԣһЩСƢ
̾˿Ź¥ȥ
ƿСٵķţź޲ýʣһ̨ƶ˵Сʵʲô
СټˣͷĶ˵ȥޡ
ͷ۵Լüģ߹ȥʵúõģʲô
Сͷڱ߿ޱ˵ʲôúõģ綼Ѿ˽ˣʲôˣ
˵صԺ֪жˣôеȥȴѾף覽˵Ϣ
ڴҵǰôﻤǸŮˣĵôܹȥţ
˵ϲ˭˭飬ѡ񡣴ǰûǸģѾϲˣ͸ûˡҿӣǸףͦĵģҲ÷ˡ
ǰ֪СϲʱͦģҲ޳һǸɿˣҪܰСٽԼҲġ
κ˼СٸûǸ˼ô죿ĺѣҲܰ־
Сϲϲô꣬Ѿͱ˽ˣϲҲõͷˡ
Ҫپȥ˭á
˵ĿģСȴԸ
Сʵ˭˵ģͲģҺѾʶôãûף覵ĳ֣ԭӦϲҵģ
-

507°ݷó԰

꿴żС㶡
СΪʲôô
ߵСʵС٣ôȷһϲ㣿
ô᣿С̧ͷ˫ۺ˵ôˣǰһô࣬ûʱҾˣǻ˽⣬ˣ
Сٷߺ޵˵ҪͻȻðһף覣ҪûǸף覣һһˡ
Ѿˣǻûн飬㶼ȡһµĻᣬѾһˣٲ㣬Ҳʵ̫ˡ
СһҲûҪԼ˼ȡʲôۣҲŲЩҾҪҾҪ
ǴС㣬ҪĶûеòģΪʲôͲУ䣬Ǿһԣ
СٵĴСƢҪˣ˭Ȱûá
״˵ҽף覼˼䣬Ů˺ܴһöԸˡְﻤͷ⡣ȥͷ˵ҲֻԼúɣ
˵꣬Ҳ˳˷䡣
СԼԸ֣˵һǧһ䶼ûá
֪ţǼ⣬ҲȰ͵Լס
СٴǰܹһʱĿ࣬귢ˣҪúõչãõĶһ㱻軵ˡ
ֻҪʲô겻ضҪ֡ڿҲԸСиգѷĶ˸ϡ顣
ֻҪõԼϲˣʲô
һжף覵ĴðԼˣ
绹ôã컹Ҫȥ̫ˣף覾Ǹ۲۵ĺ꾫
뵽λ̫ˣС㶡
̫˵ĵλ
ҲҪ̫˼֣Ҫ취̫ף覣һҲΪǨŭף覣ΪףһʱǵĸһӰģ
Сֲ̧ϵᣬߵӱ߷
һף覾ô׵ĺߵһ
̫ʲôѾûм˼ǵˣֻճ̣ԴҶ̫ˡ
̫ʮĸ䣬ӹȴһֱӲʡҲãлϥ¡֮⣬̫˻עÿ϶Ҫų̼һȦǡ
һˣ̫һ䶮ԼһŮˡ
ȥ̼֮ǰף覾˳̫˵ϲãϲֻϲġ
ףûʲôһʱҲͲʲôĶ֮ǰףżױһĶʱķ˲ٹŶֻһֻĶ
ף覾ȥ̼֮ǰƵȥȡֻŽŽϸĸ㣬һϡ
Ŷֻף覵ǲÿϧ̫˵ĵλҪ˵ô磬һֻ͵͡
˵̫˼һӣټŮŮŮһһмʮˡסڳ԰ˣֻг̫˺̰ء
ճ˵̰سļͥҲӦǸ˵ˡǳ̰صȴʮֵƽʱżˣڳ԰顣
̫ϲų̰ߣҲΪҲͬϲԵɡǳ̫˽ͣҲ͡
԰ף覺һ˳ӿȥͣãף覾ֱһ˳԰
԰ܴǲһţǰһƬټĻ԰
Ȼûʽ봺ǳ԰ĻѾ˲٣Ҳ֪԰ʲôӣЩȫš
԰Ĺ¼пã˹ǫ˵ԭǾүˣһʱû԰ˡ
˵֮ǰҪæ뿪һʱ䣬λרݷһ̫ˡ
¿ߵһۣʵλǣ
ҷˡ
һ㶣ЩĿףһۣлʣȴʲôҲû˵
ֶ˵̫԰Ȳ裬롣
԰ĴУľʵǲף覰̣԰԰һǸˡ
˵԰ӣף̧۾Ϳһ׷ԲԵͤ
˵ͷһ٣ǸʽأӦò򵽵Ķͷһ˿ޱߣ˾øɾˬ
ڳ̫˵Ķ滹һŮˣ˵ʲôЦó̫ģ̫Ц˫ֱ
ף観ͤ߹ȥվͤǷǷԳ̫˵̫ˣҴ˸㡣
-

508¹Ħ

ڳ̫ߵŮת˵˵磬ˣ
ף覿ǰСٶһ㶡
ôˣ
Сվ˵ߵǰ˵Ѿһʱû̫ˣ˵ҪԽҲˡһҲһȥ
ףϵЦһĵȴڷЦ
԰С٣Ȼ׷ˡ
һֱ͹СٵĲҪ̶Ⱥ
ϣСΪʲô¶ɳˡ
ǾԼܲע𣿵һҪĵ߶ûˣҲֵκȥ˰ɣ
̫һ׵磬Тء
̫ݴƣ۽Ƕϸϸƣǿ಻ʮ꣬һͷѩƵİ׷ĺѿѾһʮˡ
̫˿ԼТģСЦǳӦõģҼûʲô׳ܸТҵĸ֣
̫Ц𣡡
Сٸ˵˵̫˾ͱˣ
ףվһЦЦ̫˲ǿСپȻˣ
ȻСٵʮ㣬һֻûиϴ󲿶Ӱ
̫˻һ͵ˣʲôûмÿҪͽԼϥ¾һŸТܲһС٣
̫˲ڽһ䣬СپȻҪТҲ׹ʸ̫費Ҫ
˵̫ǸϲģԼ׵ҲֻһһСҪͷ԰ܣƳ̫ܱСٸ
̫ЦţȻͼԴĹڵͷǳЦ̧̫ͷʵ˭
ǣףͤܵλҷˣף覡Ҳǽˡǰ̫ʲôʱ飬ҽˣ̫˼
̫һ㶣۵ײɫʡף覣ȻֿԼߵС٣˻һЩߣֲźۼ˻ȥ
Сϲ֪ģһֱСûʲôоӡ
ǰҲò׼᲻յһҲһֱû˵¡û뵽һ˽Ȼܴһ˻ˣ
С١
²רԼԼТİɣ
̫˵ߴСٵϵɨͼ۵޵ļʡ
Ҳֲ˭ϲϲء
̫ЦЦףֵҿ㳤ʲôӣ
˼ʹˣ۾ãվԶ˾Ϳ塣
ףߵ˳̫ǰ׵̫˺á
̫ϸϸףƬֻ̣ǰĹǫͣȴֲԵ鶯˫֮зм۵ĸоҪŵļŮˡ
ϵôмִҹζͶ֮䣬Ҳʮֵ壬վˣһоСеĺ
̫˴ǰҲǴ˼ĹŮһŮ˾ûܹһ۾ܹ
̫ЦЦ۵װ͸ͣͷ˵ѹǰһֱŲ飬ԭ۹ߣҪôÿģϲ
һ仰һˣһ˵۹ã˵ף覵òˡ
ǻһ̫ͣ˵Ļ˵ľǱһ˺ֻ֪ǼٵģҲˡ
СһԾͲôʹˣ⻰Ķܲζܾ̫˺˵ϲΪףƯƵģ
ף覽ԼﱧŵĻᳯ̫˫˵ݹȥ˵֮ǰ٣֪ϲĻԽ֮ǰһûʲô۹⣬ϣԺЦ
̫˽ӹ˵ĶǶ⣬ôأ
̫ŤͷС˵˵ҲɣСٽҲһһûء
СƳһףĻᣬ𴽽Ц̫ˣ˵̰үã˼ѵ԰ŶֻȻôɣһһÿȥǰôһĦ𣿡
ף㶣Щûʲôʱ֮ģֻһصͣСٺ뿴ⷽ
Сٴ˾ôҹĦǼ٣ҪȡЦֻ͵Ķƽӹɣ
̫˼Ƭ̣û̴ӦС٣Ťͷףʵˣأ
ҪĦıϾҲף͵ֻҪ⣬̫ԼѻóĦʱ˷ֻʲô覴ãףѿԳ̫ѯף覵
ҪףԼҲͬ⣬ʱҲǳ̫˵Ĵµء
ûƫ̻С٣Ҳûرչף覡
-

509԰ѩͼ

ף覿˻һۣǫ˵Ȿ͸̫С⣬ܹôһĦҲȤҲܸһԳʶ̫ܸᣬĵ׸˶ء
С۽ǵɨףһۣ۵
͸̫˵ϸѡģǿɲͨĻܱȵĶ
ףڳ̫ǰ˵ʲôãʱڴǰһ򿪣һԱȣ˭˭ӲǸ
ף覽͵Ŷɣ
ڴǰ֪ԼǸˣ
СȲĶԳ̫˵̫ˣھһȥóɣ
̫ЦãǾȥɣ
һ̫˰ųͷŻȻֽȥ˳̰غļѹ
ף覺ڴŲš
һѾͷʹż˽
ǰһݵģϴһ۾ɫϸӶ׹£˹ĵĺܣǳ̫˷ڸǰ̰ء
༸ϵȻǿҲ֪ǸҲƲ¶Ĺӡ
ҲЩ˵Ÿûʲô塣ǸϲĻǹŶֻ
̰ߵ̫ǰе̫̣ʲô£
̫˵ѾͷңֱһҲϲһ档ȫͼӡ
̰شǰСټ棬ʶǳ̰һֱϲ
ܾŮ̫ʲôǵñ¶ʹ죬̰һ򲻴ϲ͵ˡ
˻ϣкܶǲģ㵽ΪֹɡСƺʲôнжȣҲ÷ִ
үȻҲڡ
̰ص䵽Եͷŵףϣף覲ߣ΢΢ͷ
̰һ㶣λǣ
̫˸˵ĽܵˣŽ鲻ãݷҵġ
ף΢΢һЦүá
̰ףջԼߣ˺á
Сû鿴ǻʺ̸ֻף覿ٴγߴٵȻҶˣͿǵĻóһһ°ɡ
̫˵ͷǾóɣ
Сһ޲ϰԼ͵ĻóҫӣףһĬĬĵͷ
ףֻ˲˵Լܾ
ҿһҲżӣ
ʲôżģף۵׺ЦĿ͵ĶǲۣҲҡ
СٽôһΪ˱ԼûСôصĵʧģҲ֪ΪЩС¾ͺֱŤͲںЩ
£ĵȵ
ЦЦ̧ıǼϹһ£ֹ֮䣬жˡ
ǰһѾͷȽСĻչŵϡ
̰ؿϵӡºֶɵ¡
ߵϸϸƬ̣ŤͷСһۣﶼСٶ־⣺Сˡ
Сٹ𴽽ǵЦЦǵȻ
֪أ͸ʱ򣬿ǰһѵ顣
˳̰ص⣬Сϲ˵͸̫˵ĶȻһЩ
ףԭС͵ʲôֻǵ̰Եһ˾̾ⲻԬ԰ѩͼ𣿡ʱףϵ鲻ɵһ䡣
Ĳ裬̧ͷʲôͼ
̰ض˵԰ѩͼ峯黭ԬƷ
һϲ˵԰ѩͼ漣ʮǰѾˣвٷƷ䣬û뵽üԬױ漣ʵҰ
ԵļҲǸͼΪ䱦Ǻ޲ð۾ȥϸϸĦ
ף覵ɫһ̧Сһۡ
ôܸ̫ͳ԰ѩͼ
СٵףûʲôʶԼ͵ֻʵڲô¶ôѿ顣
СٲЦˣòû˵԰ѩͼɣôõɵùһϸһǣ
ף覵ͷЦЦǹԼ۵׵Ļɣ˵԰ѩͼ˵СͳôõĻǾ̾
Сȴ⾪̾͵ĻˣҲĻóҿһѽ
ѾͷùԼĻᣬҪĻף覵ɫһ䣬˹ȥǻ˹
Ϊżף覵Ľ»һ¡
Сһۣһ˵˰ɣͼҾϲ̨档
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510Ʒ

һֱֵĺƽףͻȻţĵһЩɻ
һѣһֱôͻȻֱ⣿
̰һԷһ۾ЦˣһͻʵͼӣȤ㲻ôš
̫Ҳʵˣʲôף
ףץסֽ˽ûʲôǾúСٵ԰ѩͼȣҵĻ̫ͨǲóҼЦˡ
̰˵ˣʲôǶһѰҲûʲôΪ˿۽ѡ
ЩҲͨĻҲûר˭Ļ˼̰ؾףҲ̫ˡ
ף覵ͷԼĻһۣСóĲ԰ѩͼãȻȸǸͼԼͼþòҪ¶
˭֪ʱСپȻף覲ע⣬Ļ˹ȥ˵һѣҲû˻Ц㣬ʲô
ף覸ղŵɫô֣Ҫò֣һһ⣡
֮ǰףڱǵʱ򴦴ѹҲֵʱˡҪף覵Ļʲôè壡
̰ؿףһۣף覻ʲô֮ŻͻȻԣµ˵ҪʵڲԸ⣬˰ɡ
ף覵üͷҪȥͼСŵĴ˻ᣬĻȡ˳
С˵óˣôһɣɱɨҵ˰
һڳչȻչһʱСٵɫȴˡѸٽȫ̯ȿףĻԺϹɫѾ׵׵ı˶ף覵ĳ
ԭҪôף観û뵽ףԼȰˣֽš
СָϵĻ˵ˣĻ
̰غһͻļӿףĻԺɫҲ׷ױˡ
ף͵СٵĻȻһģ
԰ѩͼ
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üŻһϸߡ
Ȼףһۣף˵
ô£άף覵ġ
Ԭ԰ѩͼֻһһãȻһƷпƷ
͸ĶȻƷֱǶԳĴ󲻾ǲ̫˷۵סҲѹֳ̫˵ɫôѿ
Ƣٺõĳ飬ҲЦ
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Сٿף˵ˣҪòʲôѰͨҲãΪʲôҪŪһƷƭ̫أҲ̫ѳ̫˷۵ˣ
˼ٲȻѾף覵ĻƷ
̫˵ɫһ
ֵͷȥף覵Ļüͷ
Ҳ̫ˣ
ǰ漣
ҪƷǷµҲ̫ˣղҲð
СԺЦû뵽ƷµĻͦ棬ҪҽҲ԰ѩͼҪΪ漣ˣ
̫Ťͷף覣ֿ˿ߵĬƬ̣ſڵ᲻˺ƭ˼ٻӦҲġ
ףǲֻҪ̫˵ף覲ģ˾ûʸ׷
̫Ѿǿķϣףһˡ
Ҫл̫˲׷˭֪ףȴû飬̧ͷų̫˵̫ˣ͸ĻƷ
һ㶣Ťͷ
ҲһĿ
Сٵüͷʱһʵ˼ҹͼٻƭ̫˿
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ף͵ķǼٻ
ǰȻ粻ϲԲŹߵڰףҪһԼһӣ
ף覿˵ƭҲδأҲпΪС᲻űüٻƭˣȻֽת͸˳̫ˡ
СٲŵĿף覣ԼƷҪҵͷϣ
ףһһٵ˵˵ˣҵĲƷ
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511·һ

Сٿף覷̵ƷƷ˵ٶ࣬䲻涫
˸ִһʣ˭ҲԼ͸̫˵ġ԰ѩͼǼٻΧ˸ͷˡ
̫ƣҶԬĿӡ˸Էֱ档
ƫƫŶֻһĶǼٲ棬һ˷ֲٵʱ˵ƷҲ˵ƷŶԺƷҲ౻˵û۹⡣˵ģԺȴƷ˵Ŀڱǵˡ
ֻڴҵǰ˭Ҳ¶ۣ˵һġ
ڵһʱţ̰Ǽ˶վһ˽˵ԼС̰ؿ˿ף覣ֿ˿С٣һʱ֮仹ò˭˼ٻ
Ҳ˵Сٶ̵̫ľСӦòüٻƭ̫̣СӦ֪̼ҶԹŶֻоӦòԼ鷳
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Ǿүѡˣ˽⣬۹ܸߣϲӦǸŵ͡
˼Ȼܼ޸ӦҲǸˣԲ۵ƷĶӰҲƷ
ѵ˵˱ڲƭˣһƷ԰ֳ˽Ц
̫˵ڻפƬ̣Żڵһƽʱʲûʲô˲𣬱Ϊһ˺
ų̫˵Ѿһֵ̳Ĵˣڳ԰Ҳ˲顣Ѿһ̫˵Ļͻᵽ̫˵˼
ʲôҿԹ˵СãףǾүķˣ˶ݵˡ˭͵Ʒ߳԰ᱻЦ̫ҪڴǰЩӡ
Ѿ߹ȥҪϵһ־硣
˭֪Сȴˣų̫˵̫ǳҪТȴɳ飬ϵͷϴôܾôȥ
һƷʲôطǶõóֵġ͸̫ˣҪó̫˸ϲԼͬʱҲòףһš
ڵãף覾ȻŪһƷȵ滭ϣ
ǰôûף覵Ƥôأ
ҪôȥˣҾԶ֪ףüٻƭˣܻĲǼٻôԣ
̫˵ɫ˳̧ͷС٣ȥϸϸ϶ѵ
ʱҪϢˣѾǳ̫˴ȣ˼ǵˡ
Сٸ֪ʲôϢˣҲʲôãֻҪף覣ף̧ͷû뵽ԼѾó̫˲ˡ
̫˿СʵҪô죿
Сһ˵һǸУ
ף̧ͷСһۣҪԼͳ̫˵ǸҪԼǰͷ
СôƶƷԼĻƷ
˭ĻĶû϶Сżĸ¶ǷЩף
Сһ㶣תźȻڰף˵
ף覸̫˼ٻڱ˵ǰôף˵Ƿ
ףҲȵĿԼֵȴġ
ףҰȢߵʱ֣صĴӦףҵĳҪúչҸĹһӡһ԰ͳ飬ôܲף覣
˵ף覸ղҲ˵ĻƷ
Ȼ˵ˣšǷޣ͸һġ
ף覸мĿһֻۣҪ͹ˡ
ղСóǸ԰ѩͼʱ֪Ҫ¡
Ϊף²ŻСġ˼СãŻҪϢˣѹȥСڳ԰ӣҲǣꡣ
ԼҲ˵ԼĻò֣ͷ̫һѡһ˭̫
СȴͱˣǿаĻַ˵ĻǼٵģһҪãֻʵԼͼٻ飬ҲŶ
ף覿Կ϶ԼĻģղѾùˣСٱǾ͹ֲСڴǰˡ
ף̧ͷС˵Ȼô϶ԼĻģ˵˵Ļ֤һ£
Сһ㶣ղŻ˵תۼ͵һء
ĻҲǱ͸ģԻ
̰صСٵϣС˵𣿡
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512֤ʲô

Сٿףһֿۣ˿Աͬڿĳ̫ˣ˵ҵĻһ͵ġ
̫ϵЦ⵭ȥ͵ģʲôѣЩСٶ˵Ļ
ף׷ʵǴ԰ѩͼģ֪𣿡
СĬĬȻ鲢
ףƽʵô˵Ҳ˵
СȻռȴֱ׳˵Ȼ͵ģҵѾԲͼٻƭңҵ˿Ƕ˵ġ
첻ף˵ʲô϶ף覵ĻƷ
ף覵ͷЦЦⲻôѲƭһҲ⹫Ҳüٻƭҡ
˵СƱˣ˵ʱ̬ȴ˲ð
ףߵߣ̯԰ѩͼ˵Һʱ⹫֪ԺҪԾͰ԰ѩͼһӵױһ͸ҡ
̰һ㶣ȻǼﳤ͵ļױӦòмٲŶԡ
̫Ҳͳ̰һ뷨΢ɲĵ˵ͷ
ղ۲ʱ;ףǸҹ㣬ŮӵļͥҲ̫ף覵⹫ӦҲǸ黭ˣȻһٻԼŮŶˡ
ʱСȴԱ߲мһ˭֪ǲ⹫ϺͿˣűüٻƭˣ֪жʲôƷŪأ
̫˺ͳ̰ضһ㶣ף覵⹫ô˵ζôףүӣδҲ̫׵ˡ
˵Ļʵ̫ˡ
Сٲмһ˵ӣԼףĵף覾һԶüСǰΣǲСǰڮ⹫
ֻǻף観ѾȲõףүӴСʫұ˵ֺͿˡ
һ˵Сٵĵ׾͸ܵĶһ˼ףľͲǼٻˣѵŪƭ̫
ʱףתų̫˵С㲻һǣ˵Ϊʱ߹ҡ
Сһ㶣Ŀף覡
̰˵ףС㵫˵޷
ף˵Ԭڻ¡԰ѩͼԺû峯ؾͱ˹ƣԺܶ˶Ϊսˡںر֮ǰԬһֶȥݷùԬ԰ѩͼԬҴˡ
ף覽Żϳ˳飬˵ԬֶõԺһֱڼУһֱֱĴû䣬Žóǡñ⹫Ѱղ
̰ز˼Ŀף覣ףǴԬֶӵĵĴõͰٷ֮ˡ
˵б۵ģС±ף覣æڴֹ˭ܱ˵ľİ
ף覼СڸģҪˮ˵ôշת͵ܶطһλͲˮ㱻٣Իмϸ΢ù㡣
˵Ժ󣬽չʾ˿
̰߽ͷһȻ淢˼Сù㣬Ӧǻûάã˳µġ
Сټ̵ҲΪٻû˱Żӡ˭֪˵ǸǲԬĺˣ
ף覻ͷ˵Ǹ˻ҪҪҺСһȥǸ˲һǵ֤һأ
ףһ˵ļҲӦ˻ȷûбԬĺֱӵˣ
СԽԽòף˵ôñŷɣԼȴòʲôŵ֤ݣɵûԼĻǲǼٵˡ
ѾˣѾ˲ˡ֤ף覵Ļģ˲Ͷ
˶ǴҪģҪó̫˲ϲǸˡ
Ψһİ취ˣһҧԼĻġ
Сͱ˵˵ҶǴæˣҪôרȥǸνĺˣҪһʱ䣬˰Ÿðĺ˰ɣ
Сαôף覿С˵Һôó֤֤ҵĻ֤ʲôԸǸҶһҿɲ¶ʡ
Сһ飬ѣѾ뿪ܾˣҲ֪
ף覷ĻС߹ȥʵһ˵˷Ѵҵʱ䣬һֲԸѺҼ棬ò˰ɣ
ҷ׷׽ͶСٵϡһʼСһҧף覵ĻǼٻףó֤Լ֤ݣСȴʲô֤
ºѽ˲ĻƷ
Сٵɫһףý֣˵ʲôҵĻģʲôģ
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513Сذ

ף覼Сϴʵ滭Ǽٻһܼ򵥵ķС֪𣿡
Сʵʲô취
ף˵ԬһƪСд˽ӡ׵ĶӵˤϹӡһĵһ顣
̰ػȻȷôһ׮£ҿƪСǣ
ף˵԰ѩͼʱѾ꣬滭˽ӡ½ӦûһطûӡӡǡƷΪ˿̳һ˽ӡ׺ԵϸڣԻһӡ¸ǵϡ
ǲƷһ˽ӡֱܷ
ף˵ͽԼĻһϵ˽ӡ½ǹȻȱһСӡǡ
ף覿СʵС㻭ϵ˽ӡҲ𣿡
Сһ㶣ȥ鿴ϵӡǲ̰شǼѾ߹ȥĻϸϸһ顣
̰Ҳ߹ȥһ鿴ȴҿԺǻͷСٵ񶼱ˡ
ף覵ĻϵȷһȱһǵӡǣСٵĻȴûС˵СٵĲǼٻף覵ġ
뵽ղСͱ˵ӣٿǰƷĻһʱ֪öС˵ʲôá
һʱžʱ̫˿˳̰һۡ
̰ػع񣬶Դ˵СᣬŻƭⱾҲһĻѣûʲô˵ġ
Сٵɫˢһף̰صĻʲô˼ѵǸ͸ĻǼٻôأ
̫˿һۣԵһѾ˵ˣɡףСһõ鷿ȥ
Сٵһķ̣һ·쵽˲Ӹ
ô˿࣬ǳ̰ظ̨£ҲȥˡСٺ޵ҧгݣĻôǼٵأǸôüٻƭ
ףһԲת߻ֱ߶Ĳһڡ
̫˺껹Щ飬Сǰ̫ˣ˵Ҳˣλȥضȱɡ
̰кϼѣ߳á
Ѿ߰ѻպԺҲ˳ȥ
Сٲվڴ룬Գ̫˽͵Ҳ֪ΪʲôǼٵģĲ֪һᡭ
ˣȲɡ̫˴СٵĻ˵
ô˻òҪٶ˸˭ȻһˣҲȥڶΡ
ֵڵĵزСٻô²̨ΪԼղ̫ͱˡףһʼ˵ԼĻòֵʱСپһҲǰˡ
ڵã˰ף覵ĻǼٻȴ֤ʵԼĶƷ
ôһף覸ղŵһϯ˵оݣһһʼ֪ԼĻģŻСٵĻչʾʱ򣬰ԼĻٳԼĻò֣
û˻֪СٵĻǼٻҲСǰһЩ档Ů˵ʶ壬ùȫ֡ҲѹϲȢˡ
ϧˣСٲЩֻͱˡ
Сһҭ͵Ļߣȫȥ
̫˲С˵ȴתͷףЦףСض黭Ҳо
ף˵ʵûʲôо⹫ϲ棬Ҳźưˡ
̫Цôص黭ļױҿɲܰáȻ⹫ҲϲЩһȥʱҲ˴ӿⷿȡһһȥȥ⹫
ףԭܾʱȴֱףһ㶣תڵǾлл̫ˡ
Сٿźף覺ͳ̫˽һԼóһƷһּףô˻ġ
ף˲Ĺ򣬳̫˾ܸ˵ЦԼһݷ죬ŵԼ̫һ档
ЩΪ˺̫̫֪˶˼ڵãһƷͰŬȫˡСԽԽĵԽʹ죬Ŀۡ
ôһٶİܸףأ
ôţСٵһ˫־ͽľһ
ʱһѾСٻһյȲ裬Сûע⣬ҪȲ裬̧ǡһɨͽ˶ߵĲ豭ɨ˵ϡ
žһ죬ǱӶʱķѣˮҲһء
ѾæǸѽСԲ𣡶ҲСģ
̫˵ɫѾ߶Խ̳ģôģ˭ڲСĿ֪
ôСǾԼף覵̬̫ƣĵײˣҪڳ԰
Сһ˿˵Ĳ豭ֿ˿̫ˣԭͲõɫʱøѿˣ̫ˣҡ
̫˵ͷһڲ裬ֲ˵ǳ԰Ĳ費úȣ벻СĿڡ
ǵ̫ˣҸղǲСģҡ
̫˲ͣ˵ˣСһ˼ˣŲСĵģСȻȥɡ
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514¾

̫˭׵ˡȻдⲻͲ
˵С٣վҲһҶײ̫ˣԼĺ·Сٽڳ԰ʧʧУѾǵó̫˺ܲˡڳָ̫ߣСȻڶ
Ҫǵó̫˲ģٰŴҵӳ԰ȥһ涼ûˡ
С̧ͷһף覺˾ȻһµĵͷȲ裬˭ûпһۣȥ˵ûһӰ졣
СίĶԳ̫˵С²õ̫˲ˣ̫˲ҪȥȻ̫˲ϲС٣СͻؼҰѻСһ̫һ
С˳֮ǰף̧ͷһۡ
δС٣뿪ʱһĵı顣
ף覼״εҡҡͷСٲԼʲôõֻҪСһûԼǰ棬ͻȥ
̫˵˵Լˣ˵ˣͷһεţǱӦúúдģû뵽飬ʵǲ˼
ף̧ͷֲ̫˵Ĵ̫˺αصǸء
̫˱Ǹ˼ҵķȣҪΪСٵ̫˵ʵ̫ˡ
Сߺ󲻾ãף覺ͿҲ뿪˳԰
ϳԺ󣬳Ÿһϣף覾תȭͷݺݵһȭؿϡ
ŮĵײˣͬеҪġ
ף覴һȭȻأǰŵһӺӾ￴ףһۡ
˺ö˶˵ôˣôүأ
ףҵСһЦ˳
Ϊôû뵽Щڳ̫ǰάֳȡ
Сڵƭȥˡ
ΪЦĿģ˫綶ףһ˵ӣ̧޳ֱۣԼĻ˼ĺ󱳺ˣ𲻸ˡ
ǰǰһ飬Ҳ֪ף覽СӣһʼڴǰС٣ҲΪЩĵ׶µûš
ף˵ǵĻ԰ǣҪҵ鷳
ף˵ǿҲ˳ۣŻҪң
ֲ̧˲ޱߵͷʵСٲ֪ˣݵĺܣǼ¶һֱǸµĹǲǣ
ף覿ЦҪǸ˵һԺҲһ㣬һȥͰƤ
һ޹˵㣬ô˵ίĻ
ף˫ֻؿʵ˵ʲô
Ĵָ˲գ˵Ϊ̫ˣһЩµʱŻô˳⡣ҪСһЩúܲҲûҪ̫á
ףۣ˵ģ
˵Ȼ˵ģҪСðˣĲԣҲֻҪռͲ˸顣
֮в꣬Щ岻С۸覵ʱ
˵ΪֳһЩҪС١ͬģΪɷʱҲҪ㡣
ףĻС¶һ˿Цݣˣ
ֻҪǸСˣ֪ʲôӣ
˵ɲǵĺ㣬˵滰
ǿĺܡСҲף覵ͷ
˵СٲһǸˣķʲô飬ֻҪú˵ҲСٺ֡СٵԸƻһӡ
ףѵõָؽڣͷνӴǲǲףĥ˵ڣҿԺڵȥ
ڳ԰ֻǸӣҲǸ̫ӡ
ԺСڱĵطҪٸҸԼɾûôùˡЩһ٣ٲСΪԼǹ˶˳
ͷףһۣ⻹һ˷źݻ˽ıСòᡣ
ҲǣףСֶڱǶǼġֻǿһ㣬ǶԸ˵ֶΣȴӲ
ô˵أףС㲻׳ֹˣһ֣׷ľߴߴ磬һб
ȻСϤĵطҪǰףСƼˣԿͷ˻Լ
˵Ҿʹȥ⡣
Ȼͷһ۱ϵʱ䣬ף覵Դ˵һȥԺóԵģ𲻿ˡ
ף˵Ҫ⣡
ЦЦ˵û˵Ҫ⣬ȥܽ¥
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515ϲ

ףܽ¥һٺõģĶ¥Ʋˡ
ԴԺ˾æżˣףѾûԹһٷˣٷǳԵıƽʱһ㡣
ף観Ժֽݹȥʵҵķζô
ף˵Լ˳ԷζǲˣҪԷζ㲻˾ޡ
ףЦЦڱǿĴ¥˵㡣
΢΢ͷ˵͹ۡ
ףĴһ£ʵôͻȻҾ¥뷨
ִļϣԼĻﹴ˹ͷӣû뷨ʲô뷨Ծᡣ
ףһЦΪʲôҪ᣿
˵Ϊˡ
ף㶣ȵ֮ǰѾˣ
˵ȥ֮ǰˣʱҲûʲô˼¥ȥ˱ǣ֪㿪˴¥;ðҲһܹܵĺܺá
¥һ˶ܴľ˲ڴ¥ģܽ¥á
˵ҵһʱҲȫŪܵеԼĶŲġ¥͵֣¥˺ܶ࣬ҲԸ˽ˡ
ףЦЦ˵㲻ҰŪˣ
һҲں˵͵ˣֲǶ顣һ¥һ𡣡
үǮԸʹ¡
ף濴˿ΧĻ˵ĻǲǳӿܵٻһרҵģǾĳһֲϵģҲܴһƣ¥װηҲ΢һ¡
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ܾɣף覾һ˺á
һԽˣŴ󸣺֣ٹ˴ǰ¶ڿ죬ԺŵʱǸ㡣
ףһ㶣ʵΪʲôҪ˸ң
˵Ƚͱǣң߻ӣ֪ʲôʱͻ£м˸Ҹһ㡣
ף覵ͷҲԼҪȻÿʱÿ̶Լߡ˸Լߺõ㡣ҲԼһž飬ûܰ
Ŵ󸣺֣ٹף覾һ˺á
ǲھۺˣܱˣĵ׶־ϲôҪĲ¿ɲ˭ġ
Ŵе㺩ģ֣ٹͦһ˫۾ﶼðŹ⡣֣ٹĵףҪǰˣԺһܱүء
˵ȥɣһȥ䣬ҷˡ
˶ˣŶף˵м飬Ҫ㡣Ժʱ仹ܳԼŹʱ򣬱ĵطνʾϲһطòҪȥ
ףʵʲô𣿡
ʮָ˵һɷϰĵ̣Ҫʲô£Ҳһϵüȥ㡣
һɷƺ˾úܡ
ף룬ʵܻ𣿡
һ£˵ǻǺݡϰⷶΧȻֻϲһ飬´κ˵ӣֻҪĵ̻˹أһǸʰ
ɱɱͻ˭ӦԣҲΰôЩܹһֱ̾ϲǵԭ
Ҫ覲СǸطʲôˣЩ˻ֱ覿ϹȥˣҲһһࡣ
ףʵӦûϲǰɣ
ҡҡͷûС
ף˵ͷİɣҲȥϲǵġ
̧Դҷԣ
극ִףȥ˾ͽŵ꿴˿ǴЩŵʶʶλˡ
˼طԺͺ
ʱ䲻ˣͶף˵ҲһˣȻȥϢɣʣµĵطҹٴȥ
֮һ죬ڴףϤ⡣
ǵ˵죬ҪȥˣͲٴףȥ鿴ˡ
ǰף˵ҪˣȥҲûʲô͸֣ٹǳ߰ɣҲҶܣûкú
ף˵ð
Ժף覾ʹŴ󸣺֣ٹһȥˡ
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516ר

ףԺ󣬻ûг֣ٹŴ˸ߣǲҲĵط
Ϊǳ棬ף覻һ˫ƽЬһСͳˡ
ӿڽϣףʵ֮ǰ˵ˣʲôĵطƼ
֣ٹЦ˵֡ľ¥Ȼ࣬ʤƽСﶫƽۺóԣҲкܶСɵСÿ˶ܶࡣҪȥ𣿡
ףദ죬֣ٹףһʮƽ׽˺ദˣСݡ
СȻھүǰʱֵ̫˽ȴܿΪүµˣûչҶ֪
Ǻף覽Ϥˣ˽ף覵ԸԺף覵ǰҲǰôˡ
һ֣˵ˣغóԣҪǹˣȥ棡
ף覵ͷ˵Ǿȥһɡ
֣ٹֺǺǵЦЦףȥ
Ľֵ˺֣ܶ࣬ٹѳͣһֱߣͷף˵ˣ³ɣǰ̫ˣȥ㡣
ף˵û⣬³ɡ
ǰŵĴ³ߵף覵һ೵ߣף覰ѳŴˣһֵڳϷ˵롣
ף̧ͷһͷϵ̫³֣ٹʹλ³һѴɡף覵ͷϣ˭֪ףȴ΢ЦŰɡƿˡ
֣ٹ㶣Ů˶Ư˲ɹ𣿡
ף˸˵ⲻɹˣůĺõˡ
ôõɹɹ̫˷ˡ
ף˫ִеĲֵȥ
߽ף覾ŵһɿζףʵǸܲˣŵζԺĴѰҲûͻͷʵ֪ڿ𣿡
ЦǺǵ˵ǰĺ⣬ҵĿóԣԶŵζȥһ
ף˵ˣһȥɣ·ߡ
ĵףʮ⣬ԼʣµĶ˲Ĵ󸣺֣ٹ󸣰ԣףһԣæĵлӹȥˡ˾ſߡ
֣ÿ̯ǰ涼ܿΧţϻߡף覿龰ɵЦﵹмζ
˺ܶ࣬ʱ߼Щ˶ף֮ǰ֣ٹʹ󸣳ֱ۵ˡ
󸣱߳ſʵˣ
ףŤͷŴ˵Ǳǵһʳ֡
֣ٹ˵Ӧúܲɡ
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֣ٹ㶣ʵ˰˼ǣǷڹܣԷ˴ǰĴ
ףЦЦһָҡҡǾϰ塣ҵģģÿµҪһ롣
һĴ͵صһЩŲ֣ͬٹһۡ
󸣾֣ٹĸ첲˵ڱһְ
֣ٹҲһĭֵ˵ǸصĴУ
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һֻǶǮ
ı£;ү׵ƥˡ
ʱף覻ͷһۣʵǲ𣿡
֣ٹŴ󸣷Ӧæף覵ĽŲΧЩóԵĺġ
ף覿ĵĸ˹˰СʱһƷһʽƯĶǳŵʱȴڽֱ߿һŹȵˡ
㶣ͷ֣ٹҧôˡ
֣ٹ˫ǰͬ˵˭֪ء
ף΢΢һЦһɫװ߹ȥЦ磬ɰҲ棿
峺ʣߵЦˣʱƽĺûкҲκεĲ졣֪һ뵽ڼ֮ǰСΪһԹ
꿴ףϵЦ⣬üһ䣬º͵˵ǡ
ģӦþСһġ
΢΢һҡҡͷҲǡ
ף覵ü٬Ȼʮֵ˵һİɣ˵һλķˡ
ܿ⣬һ˵ˣרġ
-

517ѽҲʮ

ף΢΢һЦͻȻҸʲô
겻ף覴գ˵˱ѩ˼磬ǶĴˣô᲻֪Ϊʲôأ
ף覵¶һĨЦ⣬ôһ治֪
ֻҪ겻ı⣬ף覾òװȥ˼ΪԽΪԽױ¶Լ㡣
ʵˣҸʵĵط˵𣿡
ףȻӦ㣬ûʲôҪ
ָǰ治Զһ˵˵ǰǼƷľԲĻԲӰɡ
ף覿ܺ˵ӣӦðǾƷˡ
Źȳǰȥ֮ǰܹˣ·ʱҪȵİ·ʱһȳһյġףƳһȣȥ
ڵһĽ֣ٹŸվԶĵطñĿ⸽
ϰǶԲԺˣףùһȴûжԼǰƷ
ó𣿡º͵ʵ
ף覵ͷζУ˲塣
꿴һۣ˵СҲϲҵľԲӡ
ף覵һ٣ԼǰľԲӡ
ͷЦЦǶǰ˾ǰˣʱСٻǸӣϲңϲԵľҵľԲӡ
ף΢΢һЦľԲӿ̲˵һ䣺Բӵζ
һ㶣ľֻԼһԲӡ
СٴǰؼԺͺݺݵؿ˰죬ΪʲôҲ˵ż˺һӡֱϣŴԼķһЩķԷ
˵Сǰһ԰ѩͼȥ̫ˣףڴǰһͨ˵ף覵ĶƷȴԼͼƷ
СٻԺǾԼˣŰԼ˷
Ϊ飬ķ㻹߶һ˵ҶٹСˡ
Сٶڼﲻóţֻʰ̯ӡ
֮ǰǼȥ԰͵춼ˣף̸Сٵġ
ղ˵ô࣬Ϊ˳Сٵ£ף̬ȣȴ֪˵ʲôá
ףһֱǰװɵҲֻԼˡ
˵ˣһûзʱСٸ˲ٿࡣģ϶Ҫչһ㡣𣿡
ף˵װĻи粻ԼأΪĸ磬ʲôҶ⡣
վһԵ֣ٹף覵ĻɵûͷһۣͬʱԼĵ׸̾ѽ
ۺõǳӣȴԼʹñȷҷ˵ʱķ˳Կء
Ƿ̬ȣһ
ǧô˵˶ʾ⣬ôˣҲٶʲôֵҪ
˿б£Ե
ѹַڱŪһأзͷԺǻۣ˭Ըˣ
ף̧ۿ꣬Цǳǳ
СṆ̀˾ըȴСǡǡ෴ʲô˼صýܣ˵
ȻҪԼ׻Ŀ˭ȱﲻסڶԷǰ¶Լ˼
˵ʵ˵Ǹġ
ףһ֧°ʵʲôǸʲôԲҵĵط𣿡
˵԰Ҷ˵ˡǼСٵĹԼżٻȴ˵͵Ǽٶ¶ʵڲ׵ȥԺѾˣϣ˱ȥ
ףȻӣЦӯӯ˵Ŷ˵ľ鰡ʵ粻ǶһˣСдֻҪúý˾ͺˣʲô֮ĺѽ˵ǲǣ
ŸЩľګף覻˼֣ٹһȴסЦ
Ȼƽͣ겻ҪСټƽϣޱȣֻҪϸͻף˰˵Сٲˡ
СĻˣֺαҪȥأ
Ƿ˵ʱȴЦӯӯģ䶼Ϊÿǣ˶ܶƢоϻ˵ĺãֲЦˣ⻰ĵײҲֻˡ
ЦЦ˲Ϊõģ֮иҹĳҵʱҲˡֻϣ˲ҪΪ飬СĻ١СٻС¡
ףͷģҵȻǲһµĺĻٵġף˵һ٣Ťͷ֣ٹʵٹ֪֪Сˣ
֣ٹͷطˣСʮˡ
ף覾ȵѽҲʮš
꣺
֣ٹ
ʶʵǲǷ˸СһŶ
꣺
-

518»˰

ףתͷŴ󸣣װʮ˵󸣣ҵȻСССҲҪһɩӵġɩӵĿ϶ҪСĲ¡ϾǸӡ
ף˵ſ꣬ʵǰɣ磿
ϵЦһ
Сٵͱף覴¶ô˵СٲռڻҪ͸СףⷸС٣Լ顣
ҧһھԲӷŽͼͨԶΡ
ף覿һۣһվŵ˵ƼĶ治ҵľԲζܺãٹȥҴһݰɣȥҲ
֣ٹĴ󸣵ļ򣬴뿪ˡ
뿪Ժף覲˵ҿлҪҽھֻˣл˵ס
̧ͷǰľԲƵӵһǣ˵Сǽһ㣬֪ԸкܴΡ˿ɲҽһ£
ףһ֧°˵Ҫ˵Ĺ£ôø
˵úСʱĸ͹ˣСԭҪǵıġʱű뿪ˣʵԹϲСûߣѡһ𡣡
ʱ¿ﶼסʱСٻֻܵһͷˣͷؤҲͷָһ롣ˣʱҲһǮȥѧУû뵽СŮУܵô۸ЩΪСٵļҾãЦż
̾һٺСپͽˡƢҲˣҲʼѧῴˡȵҵԽԽСٵĴСƢҲһһЩҪģһ뷽跨õӦҲ뷨ɡ
˵̧꣬ͷףһۡ
ף覵ƽ˵ԺҲֻǵһ䣬Ŷԭ
ֺʲôϵأ
˵ˣи֮롣Сٻɽӣҵûй̺ܽáûиĸҾҪиĸĹ֪֮ܽûз¶˼ԺǺпܼƢԡʱܲ˶һ㣿
ףʮָϣ˼ǣҪҲҪƽϣҪԣһȥ𣿡
˵֪ðǸˣӦ⡣СĺܲԵĵط˿ʧңɵţһΪ⳥ͽ
ף覵ͷЦЦصǰǰ˵ô࣬Ϊ˸Сƺġ硱
ף覲˲ǰͷ磬ǲʶãܲǺ˽ҵԸ񡣲ҽ˵
̧ͷ˵ǰǰü֣СټƽϣΪҶôֻΪҲڴǰ鷳ѡЩΪ͵ûйϵ
仰˵ʱ򣬿ΪˣҲԺܲ
ԼС֣겻ܳҪô
ô˵ʱѾʧȥ˱ף𾴵ʸ
ף覵ߴ»䵽˫ϣЦǰж֮飬ҲҲһ硣˶٣Ĵ磬ҲӦø˼һɣ
㻤⣬СٱϾãСʱûиĸӦõġ㻤ķΧﻤ͹ˣҪҲһԴС٣˰ɣ
һ㶡
ףۣ˵磬ҿɲǡûжǧ˳ıҪ˳˵һ䣬ҲûССپٲҲҪиȣûжȣҲиȰɣ
Լ÷Ժ󣬲ôСʶԼĴ󣬶ôȥƽСڳĿӡȥСôܲݣ
һ仰ǶԵģǾСٱɽӣҪһΡ
ף˵磬û˭չһһӡС٣ԺҲܻбԸһӰǹ𣿡
Ҳ֪ԼҪЩ֣˵ϾҵãģҪΪʲô
ף覺ԥ˵ҪΪʲôǾ;ĴʶԼݿʼһϸĸ磬һζĴһֱȥ
̾һˣûô򵥡
Ȼûô򵥣˭һʼʱûй̺ܽأ粻úýãһ˰
һҭ
ף˵ǼȻҪһЩҪҲῴʵáֻҪܺС٣ҾͲȥҪСơ
ף΢΢һЦ²Ѿùˣ˵֮԰Լء
Ƶ鷢ʱ֮ǰˡ
-

519¿ÿ

ף覺̯˵Լﻰ֣ٹʹҲŴõľԲӻˡ
˵ˣѾˡ
ףվһǮ
ĶҲ˼׳ԣ컹أԼǮԼף˵꣬ת߳˵̡
̫谮С٣һҲǷġ
̧ͷףһۣ̫໰ѹĿһʱ֮侹Ȼ֪˵ʼ
СϵûʶֻһֱϣСԼܸģܹáֱף覸˵һʶԼݶС˵Ƕô˺
ֻСٵԸѾ̫ˣҲѾǴǰֻǸСŮˣڿʼü
һ뿪˵Ժף覾ûô˵
֣ٹʹҲ֪˾̸ʲôף覵û˵
ٹף覻ͷʵıҾã˽٣
簡֣ٹͷΪʮ壬ֵǶܾġ˭Ҫʲôѣ綼һ
ףʵСأ
֣ٹɫ˱䣬ɲ˵Сٽ͡
ףüʵôһʲô˵
֣ٹüҲǲҶԷ˵Сٽˣ仰˵ЩСƢֻҪںǰҲС顣
Ӧ͵ԶԶԣھүǰʱСٽʹûԹ
֣ٹ̵˴һۣѾүֻںˣȱľȻֱ˵˳֪˵
ף覼ʹЦңҾʡȻҺںҲΪ˱˵仰ҳԴס
ףôһ˵˶˲١
ףʵǶԵ˽⣬ΪСʲôز
֣ٹĿףС˼ǡ
ףʵСٷݱȥһ֪飬Э𣿡
Цĺֱ׵ɲ˵СٽõĲٺˣֻҪɱ˷飬ûвӦġ
֣ٹӦòڰɣ
˵ʲôڰ粻ôһҪСٽҪҪôô죿ȥһ飬ܲЭ
Ȼƽʱ񣬵˼͸ף覾ôһ㣬ϲɵһơ
˵Ķԣǰиܹá
֪ǴģҲֻѡЭѪס
ǰСٸǣõʲôڿˡ
ҪûȥĻԺ˵СЩ顣Ժ÷ŵĲֻС٣ꡣ
ףڽĿĵһöЩˣͶԴ˵֮ǰ˵ȥ԰ɡ
󸣺ЦðҴȥǼζϺã֤˳˾
һᵽԵĴ󸣾ߵǰ档֣ٹһֱԶĸףࡣ
˺ܶ࣬鶼ŵ˵⡣
ףһЩǳ˺ܶడ֪Ҫȶá
ŵƮŵζֱˮ˵ˣҪȥһϢţ
֣ٹֱҪȥԱҰɣ
ףЦˣɡȵҲûϵҾǳġ
֣ٹĴ˿ڽֱ߷һΣͶף˵ȥǱɡ
ף˹ȥףֵ˵̫
ʱ̫ңͷȴɹ˵ĺܡף촽Щڸɡ
֣ٹ˵ȥȵģ˵һ¡
ף覵ͷڳ֣ٹܵԶһȥˮ
ףССһƸԼ΢ȵŷ磬˴̶
һĦоڽϺֱײֱһߵĽֿڳ˹ȥ
Ľֵͱһطխһ˸ѳҲ֪ڷʲô裬ȻųڽײΪ˶㿪ĦгԱܵʱˡ
ʱף覿һСŮĦгվڽֿڣûĦеһվﲻ
ﳵһ㶼ûҪͣµ˼еÿ
СŮûжͣĿǰ֪ʲô
ף覿ȽĦгһۣŮҪǲ㿪Ļ
ףҲ֪ʱʲô֪Σյ£ȻԥĳǸСŮ˹ȥ
СŮˤϣһȦ
ף覽СûͷԼȴһͷĵ˽ֱߵĹϣֱҲڵϲһѪ˿ڡ
Ħгûɲֱﳤȥ
ףһȴĵԴ˵죬һΧ˵ʲô
ѣκʹлعʱСĿ
СŮƺ˾ţڵϿ޸ͣ
ףͷϺֱϵʹѵĴӵСļʵôǲˣ
СŮֻ˿ޣûף覡
-

520

Զ֣ٹף覵ķһûмˣˮҲ˲ãֱӳǱֺȺ˹ȥ
ȺȥһʱףǱһ
ˣ
ף覵ĶͷѪɫܲãֱҲѪһƬžͺˡ
ǸСŮף覵ǰ޵ף覸ûչԼ̧ͷ֣ٹ˵û£㿴ôˡ
֣ٹСŮ˵˼仰СŮȴǲͣĿࡣ
֣ٹ˵ˣС޵ʲʲôһȥҽԺɣϵ̫ˡ
֣ٹףվʱȺȻһȺˣΧ
һķһŮ˰ǸС˻ŵС㰡ôԼˣһôŪã
Ůķֹסˣȴû˵ѽѽĸķȻʲôȻָָԱߵף覡
ףһ㶣С˵Ҫ˽
뵽ղСŮһϵзӦףڷӦӣʧϡ
Сˣѧ˵ġ
ҲΪŻ᲻֪㿪Ħг
ķСŮѽѽıȻһͨüëһ
ոչСûãҲûȫѧףڼСŮȻһȦֿ޵ָף覣ķԼһ֪ﹹľ
һŮ˲ģƿǼС㣡
ķʱŭյվָף˵ΪʲôǼС㣿
ףһ㶣ⱣķвܰԼƵһˣ
ΪԴһ£ףԴڻЩκģ˵ղĦг˹Ϊ˱š
ķ˵ʵĶĦгôû˻ϣ
ף覷ʵôԼŪһˣ
ķ˵ıӦ쿴ĳڳͷأ
Ժף覿϶ǰǸϣԼû
֣ٹһʱŭ㵽׽Ƿ˲ŲẦһӣ
ƺԼ˶࣬Ǹķ˵Ҳʮţģ˭֪װʲô˼
ףϵ۵ĺܣҲղ·ϾгҪǲţΧҲСٲãҸСŮǲҰʲôˣҪӵˮƽ԰ڡ
ķɫһ࣬ôԼǰӣԽ˳ǰŮˣ˵˵а˻ˣǲ֪Сݰɣҿ㻹ܲ˵
ķ˵СŮ˺һԴĴ˵˶ȥСˣҪԴã
֣ٹЩΧ˾Ƿ˿ĺܣҷص㣡
ԥһ£ķߴٵʲôץҪˣôǵ
֣ٹһȻ򲻹ôˣף観һ˫սס֣ٹ˵֣ǲ
Ƿˡ
˵ĻţһΪ˾˲ŰԼŪ˵ġЩȴĵ¿ηΣ˲ƽ
ڷϻˣӦøϽȥҽԺŶ԰
ף覲԰׵ɫ֣ٹļѡ
ף覿űķ˵Ӧöɣ
ķǵȻ
ף˵ãҸȥǵߵûйϵߡ
֣ٹһ㶡
ķ֣ٹһۣ뵽˵õǰŮˣСҲûУ˵鷳մá
֣ٹҪʲô
ף覿˵飬ѵ¶𣿡
Ȼͷ֣ٹ˵Щ˿ЩͷȥŪ˭ȶȭͷá
֮ǰ⹫͸˵ˮ¶˼˼ʹϵ۸ӣû֮ǰף覲
֣ٹȻĵ˵ͷ
ף˵߰ɡ
֣ٹ˳ȺףһȺ뿪ˡ
Щ˶ܲһһֻû˵ĸ첲š
ף覸Щ߳ڽֿڱһ˸ߡ
ӳǰȥҲ֪Ҫʲôط
ף覵ǲ£ֻͷλϱĿͷϵ˿ûдͷۡ
ףκĲ֪Ϣ˶ãµĳӾͣıķȥ
ף۾һסˡ
ʶͬĽֵһƬңûС
ڽ⴩У̯ռһƬأĹ˺ʹװĸ˽֯ڴϡ
һڴɫӻһһ
Ȼ˽ֿڵ·ƣĿһȥ
ϲǡ
ǧҪĵط
-

521

ף覲֪ϲǶԵжΣգԼҪ鷳ˡ
ʱ£ܼȡֻܺϲǵ˳Ϲϵף覾Լĺԡ
ķף³ԺɫˣĵףһˣղűףǺҲ˴롣
ܾʹ˷Źף覣տСˣûǺܴΣʱתŭŮôߣԺһĿͷԣ
뵽ķ׺ݵ˵ȥ
һҪǯף覵ļףȻͷۣǶЩҲྴηԲһЩ˵Լߡ
˿һۣһ²һ£ûȥץ
ֻҪ͵ǰ͹ˣԼ߹ȥģѺȥأŮԸҲʡ
СŮף覺ͱķĶԻԼˣΪǱϢģ³Ժ͸űķ߽һߴĽ
ף覵СŮϣĬĬһСǧҪӡ
СδҪݺǵʱҲСôġĦеѾﳤȥˣҪҲΪԼôһ͸˵ˡ
챣ӣҪúĵûñ
ף覸Ⱥ߽һʹӲ߳һŰɫˡ
ݣ۾Ȼܺڣɫ԰ףǳҩ˲Żеݡ
СŮһɿķ֣˹ȥ
Сﳤòߣֻĸ첲ֻס˵ĴȣٸߵĵطͲˡ
˵ȱ߲˲䣬﷢ѽѽĵڣ鿴ȴ˾Ժڸ
һע⵽Сϵĳֱϱ˵ǿƤüͷһ壬ԭ
ףһ㶣ĴиܵһŨŨҪ˴ɱ
ʲôˣ
˿űķʵСȥߣôˣ
ķ֪Ů޾ӣΪǻһίСֻһƤҲ˴ˡ
СŮ˵ʱͺµĲУһ˵ķŵʼ
ָֻף覣һҧȣСˣŮƵģҽСȥ棬һʱ˿ˣҵСʱŮ˵ǰޡ
ףһ㶣ˣٲѣҲŪˡ
Ū˰죬Ů˰ҪϣԭǺԼҪǰΣԲҪҪ
˵ף覵ϣĶǻŵѪֱۣûüһƬ̫󣬴ĿĵĸǺˡ
Ů˿ǱɵҲǸרȥСķӡ
ϵ·ŮӦҲǸݵ˲Ŷԡ
ף覲˴ߣʮƽ˵ʱ·гҪײ⺢ӣö㿪ֻ˹ȥ
ķ˸ͼˮף覵ϣװͰ͵ĺ㻹Ʊ磬ǼС㣬ұȻʱָˣ
ף˵˵˵ʱгҪǲţһµʱڳ˹һʲ֪ˣôһĦгֱײҾͲһ˶ûС
ǾˣֲǺˣʡ
ķҪڹɲӣ
ķ˵ҪղžˣСôǰ޵ôңҿ۸С㣬ſˣ
ף覺ܣֻܿԱݵ˵׽ӦҲɣӵʱʲôʲôˡ
ף˵ſķ䲻ȵ˵һ䣺ҿŮ˶ҲǺҸ׵ʡ
ǡ
СǰǰȻһͨ˼žǽϷʲôΪʲôˣŮ˭
ͬش˵⣬˵ľ
ʱ߶ˣվڽҲĴţ֪гӳͻȻͰ˵ˤ˵ϣʱﳵѾˡ
ʱףײͷڵаûѹһƬĲˣŻˣΪףҪˡֲ˵ҪףַŻἱĿˡ
ףʱѾ޵ղסˣټף˵ʲôĵ׸żǾͿ޵øˡ
һбᣬķԼΣŻ鶼Ƶףȥ
Сҵһö˵ˣĵײ֪࿪ģرĸ˱Ȼһ䡰ķǼ͡ء
-

522³ó

˶ȥǱ˻ıǿЦ
ֱȻŸְ֪ˣطȥϢɣ˳˸㴦һ˿ڣͲʹˡ
ǱȻʵأ
ֱȻˣְֻչ
ǵͷԼķ䡣
¥Ϸţ˲ȥϱ͵Ц⡣һŤͷһ±ķչСˣ
ķɫһףӲЦѾˡ
ƳһۣӣҼǵʱ˵ԼҲرøн㡣
ķ˵ңǶ
ʵΪʲôǵĻŮ˴˴
ķһ㶣˵Щʲô˼
Ŀף覣һͻͻ
ף覿˱ķһۣ˵滰˲ûиűķĻԩԼ
ӱЩʵС˵ʱ
ķһĭ˵ңʱС˵ҪǣҾȥˡ
˵ܴСһȥ𣿷ǵԼȥ˵ٴΣʱ򣬾ԲСԼһˡ
ķͷԴ˸ҡСߵ̫ۣ
һᣬ䲻ѣ˵ʵ
ķ״ͨһֱ˵ǰʱǸǵ˶䣬û뵽һСûӰˣҼСʱѾײˣ
תתϵָҸתҵŭ𣬺Լȥ
ķָף˵ȻûסС㣬ŮҲŰҲ֪ðˣ˵Ҳûʲôأ
µ񣬱ķҪˮõף覵ȥ
ףüͷһ壬Ů˲ô
ǰƢãϣ˷Ź
ҪķŹķԺ󻹲֪ж˸Ų˵£Ŷ۸ǡںǣԲܶ˴ıķᷢ䡣
ֻƽضűվŵ˵ӶסûáһȣͶϲǰɡ
˰˵ƮƮģһȶ˵ѾһʴȵֶΡ
ķɫŵࣺҴˣٸһλᣬһտСģ
Цһûеڶλᡣ
ףͷһЩˣǶϱ˵ȣ˸ĳͷδ̫һЩ
һۣߵĻ˻ȥ
û˵ķݡѱҲΪһ뺦ıķԼ벻Ĵ
ķڿ޺б˳ȥף⿴һֱۣķĿ޺ԽԽСʧ
ŽԼͶף覵ϡ
ԭͦƯ˵һȴŪǻҳѪۣŪʵڲѡ
ǣǷһ飬
ף˫ִϡ
˵ĵطЩۣͷһü
ƳһףϵĽָѻŮˣһڲʵ˹գ
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û˵ʲôףʿףĶ࣬˵ûʲô飺ðһʣҹգ
ף覿һۣƺ̽Լ
ף˵ɷ档
΢΢һЦ˿ɲࡣ
ǰ˵ү˸»˻ֻǸ˽ʲô֣ǲˡ
ףѾȷǰ˾̽ˣ˵Ǹ档
еԭˣš첻;ү֪һͰ뵽Ҹͣү֪Ժüˡҽһ£ܡ
ף覶ȤĽһ
˼˵ҽΰ
ףһ㶣͵̧ͷǲϲǵһ֣
һֱľܽΰô׳ֵˣֶô̺ݾһҲʮֵĽ׳Ǹһһıδ󺺣˵Ǹģ
Ե˳ǰʱûΰϵ
֮ǰֳԼһ棬Ҳ˿ֻΰµһ֧ʹʲôġȴ˵Լΰף覵һ飬ĵ
ΰıһ˲˶ΣЦ˵ҵ֣ҲôȰɣ
ڨڨ˵ӳãܳϡ
󣬾Ǹѵýʲô秵
ôΰأ
˵ҳʱͲãҵҸ֣һԲȡô֡
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523·˼

ףڨڨЦЦȻĸûԸλûкһֱģɼ⽨Ųȡ
Ѿ˺һף覾Լͷε
һԴ˿ڻڷۣԼٲ˿ھҪȾˡ
Ȼû£ҿȻȥ𣿡
ΰ˵ˣﴦһ߰ɡ
ף˵ˣҿԻȥ
ϲǲǺõطһʼûҪΰϹϵףҲ
ìѾˣף覾Ԥһʱ뿪
ΰһڲ裺˻Ǳżˣþү֪⸱ģ뿪ģүͷˡ
ףһ㶣⻰ôĪҪǿζ
ΰ̧ͷ˵ɣﴦ˿ڣ֮һ˻ȥ
ף˵ҾûбҪô鷳ҴСҲǳԹˣûô˵С˾ͷҪ͡
ΰɫӣ
Ǹ˵ĵƲľ档
뵽֮ǰľ棬ףüͷһ壬һʱ߲ˡ
ף覵һȣЦȻᣬҲǰһ֮Ͷѣôϸ˿ڣңҾ͹ˡ
ΰƳһۣЦЦ
ǸŮˡ
һһӶ˰ҩһѾ߶һˮףϴ˿á
ף覶ͷϵ˻ãȻѪǿӲ
صķף覵ĸ첲ϵˣѪһƬ첲ǺģҲѹָղǿ˻ú£ڵϿ޸ͣ
ϴ˿ڵѾͷСչˣڸףϴ˿ڵʱŪף覺üΡ
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ףѾ֪Ϊ˻˼ΡѾͷһţԼûչ˺ˣͷᱻΰָˡ
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ѾͷŰײף覵˿ڣⲻ̫ðɣ
ܱȱŪĺá
ףЦû£Լԣҩ£ȥɡ
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ףһѾͷֽʵ̫ԼҪЩٲôۣô
ǵĿʼԺף覺ˡ
˵Ҹ첲ֲƲӣòָҸ첲˿ڣȸղŵǸѾͷҪֱš
һС˿ڵѪ⣬ף覾۵Ƥֱ
أʹ
ףᣬ֪ͲǸѾͷˡ
ʱԱߺȻһЦףŤͷΰһۣϾĿԼ
ףҧҧҲгһɷЦĿ棡
ףһ˿ڡ
ʱΰʵôԼ𣿡
˿ڵı׾ķŶۡ
ףһĭҧá
Ҫҧ˵ۣΰվ˹ȥ
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ףƳһۣûгȴŲ˵ʲôӣҪҪǿΰǸˣŲ
ΰԼߵ£ӹײ˽ˮšɣץף覵ĸ첲˿ڡ
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ף覵һҪ첲Ťȴǣ˿ڣˡףüͷһ壬۾
ΰ״Ц㲻ţܡ
ף覣
һɷĺã˭šз֮컯֮ºͱʲôҪġ
뷴ΰ˵򣬱㶮˿ڡղ־ǣҰһ㲻ʲô
ΰǸϸµˣ˿ڴļá
ףֱѪһƬ˿ڣࡣ˿ܵʱϸףҲûжۡ
Ȼΰһɴֱ۲ϣ˵Ҳһ飬ϵ˿ڲڴꡣ
ΰɢĶŻҩϴ˸˵ȻǺصˣҲȥˡ
Ļ䣬һ˵˵ĲС㣬ȻòǺء
дŭף̧ͷһϲ
ͦż˽֣ٹ͸ͷϻϸ΢ĺûü
ף覰Ȼ֣ٹĵһ
ȥҾү·ϲ֪ൣķ˻߳أ÷˼࣬ϲҲûˡ
齹ߵףߣСķ˺üȦɴֱʵô
ףһںӣЦӯӯû£һСˣĿһ㡣
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524⣬

һνĵһʵʲôһСˣԴϵɴô£
ûʲô˵ʱ˳һ¡ףһ¶ͷ˿˿ʹ⴫Уʱüͷ
黹˳㣿
ף覽ŪԼ˴ϲǵ飬Լ˿ڣǻһŻúݺһֱ
žһ죬Ǵ˽ѵˤӵĺӡ
ûԼţ֪ۣô
ףʹһջԼצӣ򴽿һۡί
Ѿί
һͷ˿ѿС̣
ôţ̵һ
ף覵ߺߵҲ̣һ̣㻹һϲҡ
ƫ޿֡
ΰһۣ۵״־ȡ
ղף覾Ҫ֪Ժ󣬻᲻ϲˣҲ˸סҲû뵽ھүǰȻô¡
ĴԲ٣үĺλˡ
û뵽λٹ﷼İˣȻһ˽һλޡ
ΰ˵үõģûôأЩƤˣˤʱһ£еͷۣ˿ڴˣֻҪˮ̡
üһףԼ󣬻ͷһۡ
ǲǸøһͣ
¶ڽϾˣȴǵ˵ץϲǣ˿ڶǸողŴģԽԽһ
ˣͲڼţô۸̡
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˵ΰǣһɷ˼ҵĵ̣Կ
˵ȷʵûΪΰʲô࣬ʵûбҪΪѹϵŪ̫
СЧ˵ע⣬ͷƳһۣ͵飬Ŀ˲
ף覽ʲô£Ҳɵΰ˺Ƥ
Ȼףǰ˵ûֲͬˡ֪ף覵ĻӰԼ覵ġ
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ӭѺõߣȻҲ¶ӡ
ݵ˵ͷʮֹʵ˵ȷϲǰĲáµ˲£Ӧõġ
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ΰ˵ղ֪ǱԩԺǸıķѾ˴ϸ첲ϲˡ
ףԭΰʱǺݣҲΪ˲˿࣬гͷ˱ķôҲ̫׷顣ΰĻǳԶ
˭֪ȴһһǱĵʲôû覵£ûչ˺С㣬Ҳһ׷ŹϰĵǸûг⡣
ΰüβԲ٣ûף覵飬ȷǸķϲǡ
һǸĺˣˣûá
ʱѺһñ׵ˡ
ϻһɾζҲ֪֮ǰ˶٣κڵϣ˵
Ĵ˵￪ײˣҵʱͺȵĴˡʱӦƷء
ף΢΢ԾҲûãôҲѾܲˣô˾ҵˣ
ΰ߰ЧҲ̫һ㣡
ΰ߷һĨЦ⣬ſڵϵһţߵǰ
үѵһϲǣ֪⣬
ƺһ̫࣬ΰ־Ŵǰ·˲ЬЬס
ΰ˵ײ˺ˣôãžү
ǵҲ
ΰ˵Ҳǣү˵ȻѣǷЩʱ䡣Ҹүʡʱ䣬Ǻ£
ĵױƣһ˵ǰᣬܹ˼˰ɣ
ߵߣ㵹ܵ
ΰ˵;үһˣӦүġ
Ȼֿף覣ˣжݶ飬ҼˣԺܻлϵһ졣
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525С

ףĬĬΰԺҪô֪ĵе㷢顣
ǵǲˡֻ·ϸպ˶ѡ
ΰ˵ףС㲻ҪףСףҷҪҵ׼ϲǲϲǷ˵ġҸղſǺͦϲģףСԺҪлᣬϲ棬ĳԻӭ
ΰһۣ
κζףʾõ˵һвΰȻԺϲǣúܲ
ˣǴƸǵ˼ô
˵ˣ뾡ȥϢǲˡ
ΰ΢΢һЦ·ڿŵһζ
үС޿Ŀ±˸ƵġҲֲôţ֮ǰиܼγϵǰ֮ء
߰ɡף뿪
ؼҵ·ϣһֱһϾͲдĸ֡ˡ
ף覼Ǹ飬ҲǰϹ߶߶ģȥ·һֱڵͷ֣޹ޡ
ףĸо޹ûʲô£Ҳ֪ΪʲôҪô
ͷϺ͸첲ڻءˣԼˡ
һϳ;պ䣬о֮·˱ŤֻǿģôˣҲʡ
ǲӦðүһףСµϢ𼱻ǵؾ͸ϹˣԼĳײˡôһϲǣ˳ʱͱôˣ
ҷ˻ˣүܲѽ
һ·ƵƵӾ۲֮ķΧ
ף覲ʱ͵۴ɫԴϳԺһֱŤͷŴ⣬ɫĴһֻףһŸĲ
ף覣
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͵عˣǰ·Ͽʱ򣬲ŷ·мſһڹ
һͲɲѳͣ
ףûطӳǰ˴룬ۿͷҪײǰαһֻȴסļ򣬰˻
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Ȼղںף鷢ĵһʱ䣬ȹעף覡
ףĵЩˣ˵ûС
ֽԼе˻ȥŤͷǰ˫ֻؼҲ֪ʲô
ף覣
ʲôëôֲˣ
ͷ˵үˣԲ𣬸ղǰ
ϸ㣬أ
˵ףѾܾûˣæӦǣү
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ף־˾䣬㵽ôˣʲô
ղϲǵʱ򶼻ôôԺͻ˸һ
˵ŮǺ룬ôĸǺ룿
Ĵţ˵
ף覵һüû·ԴһԣҲ˵
֮ؼҵ·ϣһֱάƵա
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Լ˳Ƶף覵һߣ˳š
ףü۴ӳ
ͳԿȥţ򿪷źȴףûиǶ˳ߡ
ССһֻǶڳԵè
ףһ˫ˮ۾е硭
ǣÿ
һȴĸˣ
ף覽ｿ˵ͷΣ߲
˵߻ֶζԸңôԶһ
СʱһԼ˻һ㶼û䡣
ף覱죬ίͷΣ߲
˵ﻹ˿ǻ
ʱ򲻹ܻһˣã̫ˡ
ĬĬѷƿ󲽳ף˹ȥתú󱳶ǰ
㡣
һ磬Լķ˻ǵԼ衣
ףıϣŹվ߽
أһ̧ţŸˣȻͱף߽˷䡣
ףſıʵ磬쵽Ϊʲô˵˵¡
֮䣬ûа취ġ
Źͨΰ
ߵ£ŵ˴ϣ
˭֪ʱףȴӲ֣Ҳ㲻ңҾͲ
ҪʱСҲǽìܵһֶΣ
ףϴ˵
ף˵ҽ˺˺أ㲻Ҿˣôܶأ
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526ҲԼ

ףһֱ˺µֵñģûиʲôʵԵĽҲӦ̬ȶ
ί
ίˡ
ףôţҲûֱ뿪ף覲Сĸˤˡ
ĿֻԼ˺𣿡
ף㶣Ȼʲôѵʲô£
ף૵˻Լô֪
ֿ§Լ첲첲תףʵѡȥ˵ʱûң
ףؿ
˵֪ĵܻ˵һ㿴Щ˲̫ܲܡھ֮ǰҲԼЩһֱˣ
֪֣ٹ˵ף覱ײԺж຦¡
Ūף覱˴ϲȥԺǵףᱻ۸
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ҪףֻЩ򵥵ĲˣܹԼһӣ
ʲôʱף覷ֿãôƫͽû
պףѪͷͲԼΣպԼû˵ʱ޿ߣκ˺
˵ҵһδͳ飬Ժô㲻ߣô֪һλ᲻ΪȥˣԼİΣ嵽ȥ
һֻңڽ⹫ףûʱ⹫жѹˣĵΨһο塣
ףһĬʱȷ뵽˽ֱߵĺӣûпǵôࡣ
Ҫ˵ЩȻԼʱѡʲô
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˫ִϥϣ˿Щ
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ϲǳԺĵ׵һֱ˳ԽԽú£˵׼ģףԺҪʲôʱ£֪Լܸܲϵߡ
񲢲Լдֻһ˫۾޹ؿԼʲôΪʲô
ô죿
ףô죿
򲻵áõĽ˶ڻˣȻ᲻ָȥ¡
ףĻһĶʱز١
⹫ȷв̡
⹫Ѿôˣò׿ޣܹҪͻȻ˵Լ⣬жѹ
һĬ˺ܾãָһûһµؿָϣ
Σףֳ˳·
ף覵ϴ磬´ˡ
ʵô֤´μ飬һȥƵס𣿡
ıԣĲ֪Ҫôĳ嶯֪ǲԵģ͸ȥֹףԵˡ
ף˵ղ˵ЩҶҲ´ٷƵ飬һϸԼ᲻ΪˣپҪҪȥ
Ȧסĸ첲ʾͱˡҲ뿴Ϊӡ
ĿһۣԼĴı¡
Բ𡭡
ף㶣ʵû£ΪʲôҪҵǸ
˵ǳʲôԭ򣬸ղ䱩㶼ҵĲԡ
СѾͷôɴĳԼĴܾԼˣ²ӣͲϴ
ף˵Ҳġ
ףϢһһˮ󣬾һֱ
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覶ˣﻹ˼ȥˡ
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ףҴҴǣ㰲˯ȥŪóԵġ
Ļ˵ˣָûһףЦŹ
˵á
һףͻȻ˵ѽҽȥʱ򣬳ԵһݾԲӣζر𲻴ٹǴһݣҪ㳢ģղų¶ˣ
˵һѣҴǰʱԹˣҪϲͷˣһȥԡ
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ף˯Ժ˷ţ߳ӡ
ףˣΪ֣ͬٹŴʵΣڶⲻ߿
үˣ֣ٹŴһе
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527¹ܽС

һۣűߣһû˵Խǲ̬ﷴԽܡ
үǵĴ֣ٹϴ
ǣûп÷ˣų飬һʼͲӦ뿪˵ߡҲ˵
ˣ˶Էĵ֪ģżԼҲôǷǲֵˡԼҪֵ壬ȥˣ˭Ҳϲ
˵üģȻͷۡ
ǷһξѾµˣҪǶΣҪ
ǸСѾͷĿǣ
֣ٹһۣ̽ʵү
˵Ȼȥɣڼòˣٹˡ
֣ٹʵײ˷˵Ǹô죿˻ϲûأҪҪȰ˸
ߣǸ˶ײΰŮòʰΰ˵ģ̧̇ʵ˽˵Ҫһҳԣղڴϵʱ򻹵ţأ
ڳأҸˣЦ˵
ͳԵйصĶɲ
תȥһݾԲӵݸү
źϵӡŵĵЦⲻðԵһ𣿡
ûʲôĻһô˵ʶ˵ŶȥԵģ
㶣Ҳȥˣ
֣ٹ촽үȥҷ̸ġ
üͷʱһ𣬲ɵûͷ￴һۣղף覲ûи˵Щ
ӦԼŶԣôȥأ
ʵͷ˵ʲô
֣ٹͷʱǱ֧ˣȥүݳԵġʱ٣Լһ䣬ǺСٽйء
һĬСǰʱڳ԰Ժ󣬲ѵõͣһӣû뵽תҲף覡
˼Ƭ̣ϸҲµԭ
޷۰С٣֪ٻףйأȥףǰ˵˵飬ҹȥǲ֪覻ôӦԡ
ûиԼ˵飬ⲻ
һۣ˵֪ˡǻȥɡ
֣ٹŴ뿪
磬ҡ
ķ׼ͣͿСٴ¥
ԴӴӳ԰ԺСپ춼ˣ˶͵¥ȥԵģ¥ԷͷһΡ
ЦСˣ죬һ緹ɡ
СϵʵôûҰȵСࣿ
ЦŶ⼸첻¥ԷɩӾû׼ҪȵҰð˱ɣζҲġ
Сüİ˱ֹҲ¥Ͳ׼ˣһҪô죿ҰֲһС࣬ᣡ
ϵЦһεվ
޸ʱ껹ûзʱҲһͨ¹
֪ûĴ˼ҵĶԺҲһȾԼ䲻ͿӺãΪ̤ʵѡ顣
ѵʱȥϴ·ǮһСѧˡ
֮û꣬˼ҵ
СٶɩӵûʲôΪҲͦģҪû㣬Ҳûôס
ԴԺСپ͸ֿ㣬ȢһмʶŮˣƽʱ겻ڼҵʱСҲûڼʶƷλķӦ
ڱСٵᣬվһʱ²̨ɫ˼֡
꿴СǸ὿ӣȻףȰһϯ̵ܽã˻̡ܽ
˵飬Ӧôͷһֱִ
ҪСȥԺҪԴͷġ
ıֽС٣ɩÿ׼緹ôģ㲻л˵ʲô˼
Сһ㶣Ťͷꡣ
ǰ粻ôѵ
СٲԼղ˵ʲôӦĵԸķȥαҪ鷳ҲԲôİǼôԵģాһСʲô⣿
˵Ƴһۣ´һС඼᲻ð
Сôһ˵ɫʱѿˡ
걾ֻСһ䣬ȴû뵽ԸѾôˡʱɩӣѡģƲǲҲƲȢң
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528²ȥ

Сٿ˺һѾܾû˵ˡ۾˺죬Щί
쵽ôˣôô˵
ҪæȰˣСҲǹҪҲ磬ܾһʱûס˵˺ģͱˣԷɡ
ĵȻҲϣúùܹСٵƢôɲУСٻӱġ
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ڷȰţҲòӣֻʱѹĵ׵Ļӵͷࡣ
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СһҭǵȻΪף覣ҲǸŮ˵ͷ
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529¼޽Ҷ

Сٲģ˵ǣʱҲڳҵʱϾҲð磬ΪҵĹϵôҲá
꿴СٵıЦЦΪҲ֪ǻ
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ԣҾǵôˣô꣬Ϊ黹Ƕܵһ𣿡
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Сٲ˼ؿʵ磬ôô˵أҿ׵ã
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ղΪúȥܣȴҪСôַǸﶼί
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530ȱ˵̫

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531ȥҽԺˣ

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ΰŻؽ͵֮ǰСٱץڼһСܻһˮ󣬸ͽҽԺˡСԺҪҪҪǲڣܻ󡣺ͱȥҽԺ
ף̧ͷؿΰ
˼һʼ֪ΪСҪɱȥģȴôӣûңһмĴͼʲô
ΰȤζֵ̯ͼķӦвȤҾǺ᲻
û뵽ף覸ıֻô
ףü˵ЩȤζİԣҵı
Ȼǣ飬ҸĻر
ףһ㶣ôн飿
ΰղ˵Щѵȫ
ףĬĬ˵
-

533һᰮ

ΰ˵ڽ磬Լھۺüˡ
ף覻Ϊʲô£ΰô˵ΪǺֵܣԼżʲôֵġ
ΰʱ򶼲ɵף覵ĵ˵ûʲôֵģֻСٸոճԺǽͼ棬Ͳ֮ʲôҪ̸ģ
ף˵СٲϧɱķʽסԺˣǻ̸Сٵ顣
ΰЦЦĹ¿ɲġ
ף㶣ǻô
ΰ˵үԷʱСپͽһòԶıݣĽȥģûöע⵽
ףʵ˵ʲôԺȥСٿ˯
ΰҺ;ү죬ҲƷôҪʲôԲ飬Ҳ˵ʲôĺֵҪ֪ܷס
ף覵Ŀһ¾ȥ
СٹڼΪȻȻľͻΪῪʼܽСˡ
Сٵɱδؾвġ
ܿΪв꣡
СҪõ
ΰһڲ裬ЦۺеµˣһԷȾƵʱھˮӵ㶫治Ƕѵ顣ףСأ
ܽ¥֮ǰۺõ飬겻֮ǰµһŪ˵ҩ
ǲֲ֪ɾҩȫǴϲǳģҪЩҩȥ治Ƕѵ顣
ף覰һΣ˵סˣһҪҸ
ܻܿᱻ껹Сһƣǵķ޹ϵ㲻þҪѺˣΰǸԻرĴ顣
ͲϲǷ˵ģϵڲŸף覣Ҫһΰ塣
ΰͷһ۱̣ʱ䣬ӦҲ극ˡ
ף覻Ȼվֶ߬ȭͷʵݵֽʲô
ΰЦݡ
ףתߡ
ΰȴеףСż߰ȥѵҵүС٣
ȻܺС֣ζ׼ף覾ȥûݾȱˡ
ȻˣϾۺһһôܴĹ
ݾھۺԱߣҪȥæ̫ˡ
ף覻ͷһۣʴڱǰҲôȥ
Сٹ˲ɣڶʹֶˣ̡
Сٺȵĵˣ
ʧ˸ղŵ򾲺ͷִ磬ΰŲæ˵֮ǰǾ˵ҪǴ칬ҲôһЩħֲܺ콫ⲻǣͷ͵Ұ㡣
ף㶣Ҫôң
ϲǣʲôƷλ϶ǱȲЩŵڵģ˴ΰЦЦǶס
ףʵҪ˸ңϲǺ;ۺôǾˮˮ˹ȥˣҪԼ鷳
ΰ̧ǵС˵Ͳõˣϴξһΰ㣬ҲͲǷʲôˡ
ΰ
ףһĬã
ΰô˵վǾɣҵ˶ѾںΧˡ
ףһ㶣ΰǻƣϵԼӦ˶źˡ
ڵҲݲںЩˡ
ף֣̽ٹʹ󸣴Ҵ뿪ܽ¥ǰݡ
֣ٹڼʻϿʱشӺӾΰĳĵЩš
ΰһɷϲŭ޳ģôһˣ
ΰǸòʲô°ɣ
֣ٹʵˣôżȥݸʲô
ף覿Ŵⲻͣ˵ľ󣬳ץ顣
֣ٹһ㶣Ĵϲš
ץ飿Ȼͷ˳ץ˭ļ飿
ף覵Ĵţûлش
֣ٹʱҲķ˴󸣴ֲڵ񾭣˻ץ˭ļ飬ȻǾү
ǾүҲմǲݵˣǷ˵ץʲô˼أ
֣ٹĵ㷲ĵزţֻ㵽ȥ׷ʲô
Ҫץ飬ǵøϽȥֹ
ۺһŹߣն
ǰȫζķˣȴûжһӡֱ߻һݱһƱǸղŻȾƵˣѾˡ
֪ϲף覣Ҳ֪Ƿ޵ĸСٱϾΨһá
ɱв
ûа취
һǰСٹ˼ԭΪС侲ȴû뵽СٵԸѾƫûԸȥĵز
ڼˡ
С͵ҽԺʱСٲûȻ
СԺͿŸ˵Ҫ
ֻҪ
ҪûԸȥ
ڲϿٰһΣ飬ǲҪҲˡ
ò˵вá
ӦСٵһŮ֪ܵ顣
ۺóԷ˵Сٵ飬ӦСƻף覵ĹϵʵΪ˰С
ȵľ˶һȵ˰͵˸ڵıݡ
֪ԡ
ԺֵܹϵܾͻᵽΪֹˣҲף覵Ĺϵʹѡ
ôҪʧȥԼΨһá
˶˽ġ
һСٸԺ󣬾ʱ޿̲ںʧȥԼá
ǸˣԼõǰҲһЩ
һԵİ׾ƣ͹˼ڡ
Ҿһѵһĺȴǲ֪һһһ
ͬʱڵĺǵԼûȶ٣ȴԴ쳣ģҡҡλεر˷203ŷ
˰ĴԺһԲ˳ȥ
ڴϣǰľģġ
ȵĺܣ˳ڵ
ʱһִֻؿڡ
磬Ұòã
ܵᣬмС
еͷۣԺԼһͷŮߡ
ֽ̧ǰ˵Ŀеأ¶
Сٵһͷڴϵ
ΪʲôʱҪǸŮ˵֣
ףȲף覣
Сٵ߳һĨЦ⣬ϲףôأԺ˿һֱߵˡ
ףǶཾ˰֪Լ˯ˣôܻأ
ԺУף覵ĸҲ⡣
ͷ˿ԼϵỊ̇ȻԼǰܵпⶼֵõġ
Сٵͷſؿϣ૵磬ԺˡҲһᰮҰɣ
ڴϺѾ׻˯˹ȥ
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534潸

ССؽ죬һһŵؽ⿪ϵĿӡ
µҩ̫Ѿ׻˯˹ȥ
ϵĳԺСֿʼԼϵ·
ֻһټ򵥲ȹӣ⻬ļ¶˳
ͬʱɫСγ۶ͣ˺ſڡ
֣ٹһͣóӾȥף覿š
ǰׯˣ߽ݵʱȴ·磬ܴŴһ⡣
մӺһΰӣúЦ
˵ʱ޿侲ŮˣЩŮ˻ֵĺƽֻΪ㻹ûдĵ߰ˡ
ף覱˵£֪ôԸС١
ĵ׻Щ档
ףֱӴ֣ٹʹߵ˺ݵǰ̨ΰر߰˸Ҳ
էһͦڰϴ
ǰ̨վŵС㱻ǵһ
ף覿ʵղű
ǰ̨СڨڨЦЦС㣬ǿ˵Ϣǲй¶ġ
ף覽еٹ
֣ٹ⣬ֱӷǰ̨棬˱ݵĵǼǲ
ǰ̨Сһ㶣ô˵Ķ
Ҫǿף覴ЩԺȴˡ
֣ٹطűӣûҵ֣ȴ濴С֡
ˣС203
ףת¥ȥ˼תԴ˵ȥĲֿӡ
ǰ̨Сһ㶣ǵҪ
ף覴Ӱó˼ʮǮĵϣãģ
һܵ˱ݺĲֿȥûһҵ˼õĴӣܻףߡ
ŵˣ㿴ֵ𣿡
ף΢΢ף¥
شһȺ˶¥ң203ſڿıڡ
ף覵ɫһ䣬һ仰Ҳû˵Щ˾Ѿ˹ȥƵһߡ
ڼԷ˶ֱ࣬ӺǶ֣һ¾ͱ쵽¥ݿڡ
ǵʲôˣ
ף覿ʵʲô˶֪ҲҶҵ֣
һ㶣˵ѵǡˣ
Ϊʲô
ûףϲǵ˲ͷؾͰǴ¥ȥ
ģϻࡣ
ϲǵ˴͸ɣ˭û³ƱġȭŽ飬Ϊʲôǵͷ
˳¥һֱ˴ˤıףԱߵ˶һ
ʲô¶ֳôĶ
¥Ͽһۣתȥ
һԾǾۺã˶ˣСٽ¶϶ɲˣǵøϽȥ걨ţ
СʱԼĶĵԼЩ̧ͷſڿһۣû뵽һ뷿žֱӱ˸߿ˡ

СټһæӵһǣסԼǰ¶Ĵ⡣
ȹӲһɿعڸ첲ϡ
ڴϣ˫ţ˯úܳһԵĵȴĳ
ִɫ˵ζ
ǸղСôжûѹȻǱҩˡ
Сپؿף覣۵вزסľţɫһ֡
Ϊʲô
֣ٹʹڿСѰ볨Ժ̱Ƶ˱ȥ
Сô˵ҲãӣҲܸ˿ȥ˲ǣ
һϣ֣ٹʹ󸣻Ǻܶñܻġ
ףɨһеĳŲС˹ȥ۵ײ֮⣺С㻹ǡ
˶٣³֣˵
Сٵɫһ䣬ѿ˼֡
ֽűӵһǣЩؿף覡
ףߵߣӸµؿڴϵСʵôòҵˣ¼ֶζ𣿡
ĸΪ񽿺϶һ˴뿪̼ң뱲Ӷ˲ҵӡ
Ⱳ޵ľЩôϵļλŮˡ
˵¼СٺȻЦףʵΪҲźһģѵ֪簮ңҲһ
ף覵ĺ촽ۿڿһӡ
ףЦҲðȦס
Сٿ϶Ҳϻһӣʱһֱߣ粽룬ѵǰ簮ұȰˣ
ôܻ᲻Լأ
һְãԼĵеλģ
ף覲ĨԼĵ׵λã
СʤսĽһĶףҫΪֻһܵõҸ㣬ҲԵõҪǰңôܻһȾƳԷݺҡ
СٵĻû˵꣬ͱף覺ݺݵһӡ
潸
ף覿С٣ҧгݵ֡
Сٲ˼ؿף覣ҰۣǻܳѪζ
ŵؿף覣˵㾹ȻҴң㾹Ȼҡ
ף覻ͷվŵĴ˵
һ㶣ͷף覣ҪС𣿾үôõĹϵôԴС٣᲻̫ˣ
ŴվﲻףŤͷͶһϲǵļ˵
СϲǵǰûʲôӿԣǴӴ󸣵ϽӹӣҲСǲѲֱӳ˹ȥ
Сһ˵ңҸ꣬ѵͲҸԺӴ˷Ŀɳ𣿡
磿ףЦһ̿ʼǾͲֵˣ
ʱҲûرܻ䣬ʱϲٵط
СٶЩֽߣǱϲǵ˴Ӵϳ廨
Сٵ·һţͼ¶˳
ϲǵǿűڷС٣۵׶ֲֳĿ⡣
СȻȴܺáвٵط߹⣬Ҷˣĳ棬ûһЩ뷨
ǽΰķԸף覰µģ뷨Ҳʲô
Сٵͷڵȫˣҧгݵؿף˵ôңҸһŹģ
ףЦʲôǣôôˣ黹ûأ
Сһ㶣ĵͻȻֳֶף覵Ŀ־塣
ʲô
ѾԼˣҪʲô
ףߵͷһۣڴ˯ûһ㶼ûҪ˼ףһԲӣϡ
ͬʱۺžƣȥ203ſŵ¾æش˽
磬ˣ
տһۣʵôˣ
˵˲֪ôҹˣղžͽ˺ˣСٽ㻹أ˲ֳʲôɣ
Ȼվ
һμʱ֪ף覲һǵŮˡ
飬һĵߡ
˺ݣ֪飬һưոݵģ
꼱ҴҵߵȥС٣
-

535Ƿû

սµ˳˾ۺãûֵȥĺݣͱ֪ȺΧסˡ
Щһ֪Ǿܵģ׳ʵޱȡ
Χһǽǰǲȥݡ
ֶЩҪȱȥ˰ɣ
ʵʲôˣ֪Ҿۺõĵط𣿡
ףȻСˣҲô֣Щ˲ף覵ˡ
ôôɣһۺþͻᱻס
ҪȥӲʱ򣬽ֵԶһ˴򿪳ϻһŮޡ
ΰߵǰ˵ܾˣЩҵˡ
ΰһ㶡
ûкΰйʲôڣΰΪʲôҪͻȻ
ϰ壬ʲô˼Ǿۺôûǹɣ
ΰͬص˵ͷûǹңôҲһֱǾˮˮ
꿴ŵԼǰʵʲô˼
ΰ˵ȻûңǽǡеҪ죬һð˰˲С
ۺ԰æ˲٣ΰҲб
ϲǴĶˣǵҲ٣˫ҪĴ϶ռʲôˡ
ҧҲҪʲô£ھҪȥݣһֶѣҹȥҲʲô¡
ΰЦеǿǲɣҪҲںô˵Ҿ͸ȥˡ
һ㶣ף覵ģ
Ǵΰ͵ǰףСڽֵϾҼǣǷһ飬ɽҪҰæҿɲû𣿡
￩һ£ϲǵ˶ר̽йףǶˡ
ҪԸС٣Ѿֻ˵˵ѣ
ҪٲȥСپͲ֪Ҫʲôˡ
вҪٲÿҾӲˣѵҪϲǺҾۺΪ𣿡
ΰΪѵϲǴðˣҲܲף覵Ķ鲻ǣȻ˾͵˵Ŷˣ飬һİﲻ㡣
ΰǹģ
бĺһ̶ۣߵ˵ҳȥ
Ļ䣬һԵͻȻܳ˼ʮˣǽֶһǽ
һ㶣Ƕϲǵˣ
ΰЦҲ˵𣬽һðף覰˲С
ղ껹гȥϣɾһʤ㶼ûˡ
ļٵʱ򣬺ͻȻСٵļ
ſǷſңʲôǾȻҲңҸ֪ôңһԲ˶ߣ
һ㶣Ťͷݵķȥ
ȻͿ廨С٣˴Ӻ˳ˤ˵ϡ
ѻԭһǰϵģ˫ֱ˷ڱ󣬽ЬӶûһǱ
Сٵͷشһ࣬ף覾ôڴϣСٵʱͺ͸ˡ
̧ͷܵˣ뵽Լ̻¶ӣǺ޲Ҹطȥ
ĻᶼûС
꾪ȵС٣
ôŪˣ
˺ˣΧôۺúϲǵˡ
Щ˿СڵӣСԺô
ףôô֣
Сһ㶣æ˵磬ңף覷ˣ
ڵϵСƴҪŲڱ˰ţŲܼѡ
һԵΰСٱף覾ô˳΢΢һ
ף覻Ϊû뵽ףôܸɳôݵһνСٸٵ顣
Ů˵ǺҪĶСٽôѰ볨ر˶ڵϣԺ޶ˡ
ʱף覲һ˫߸ЬӺ˳
̧ͷʵף覣㵽Ҫʲô
ףŤͷһۣɵⲻ𣿺ɣô
˵ҵȻС٣
С٣ף覻ͷСһۣȻԭҪ潸
һ㶣ôô˵
㡭
磬֪Ǹ潸𣿡ףʵ
ĬĬ㵵ؿף覡
ף߹һĨЦС潸ɷ˯ʱҪĴ磬·һ룬ҪȻǿɾҪˣ
һҭһʯͷһܡ
֪
ɫѿؿףʵǾͲ˽𣿡
ףЦʵΪʲҪ˽
Сٶɳˣ˽ıҪ
ҽݵʱС潸ӣݲɷѡҿͦϲ˵ģʹЩǳۣĵҲⲻȫȡ𣿡
ףһһ裬ٱô˿ţСٺܿߵ޵ݣۿҲ
Լͣ˿
굣ǵؿС٣֮ǰСپΪɱһˣף飬Сٴηѡɱ
С١
ףߵСǰʵͷʲô㲻е˯ôûϰѵԼί𣿡
Сٲͷȥף˵Щ̶Ļ
СǶôӵһף覺Ҳ֪СҪ֤ľ
ȻʹӸϻС٣С֪ⱲӶûܺһˡ
ףСٵ°˵С㣬ͱװһͬˣڱû˿ʱ·ѵͦˬ𣿡
߿ң
㣿ף覵üˣҶ࣡
Ȼվӹ˵ݹһˮͷõСٵϡ
Сپһڵɪɪ
̧ͷף覣û뵽ܸɳ顣
Ҫף覣Ҫȥҧף覣ףӣȴʲô˵ˡΪֱһ̣ſʼĺף覡
ף覶裬ͷС˵¿Ǹɾ˵㡣
Сٵѱǰ볨ģֱһˮ·ʪյϣʲôҲ˿һ
꿴ȥף覵ֶСЩ飬һԵǽеҳ󲻿ףʲôͲ˽𣿡
ףŤͷ˵ҵļҳ󣬺ҿûйϵҪѵһˣһýѵΪֹ
˵ͷСС٣㳤𣿡
ôֵܣôͲ֪Ժ󡭡
˭֪ʱף覺ȻͷҲ
-

536ӷ

һ㶣ɫѿؿ
ȻƬ̣һף˵ҺĹϵԶΪĻҪι̣һŮ˶ʲôôΪصС٣ҪҾѵ˼
˶٣ΪԺôȥҴС߻ü
вף˵ԺȻ׹ȥΪһҾѣҺ·ߵҿǸںֵܣӡ
Զ޷ߴһʱʱԤá
ǶϾһ컹ٷһξ㲻˵Ҳһҩ
ҴǰΪĺֵܣڿǵֵҲˡ
ףƲС٣˵쿪ʼʼͲ䵱ֵˣҲõҵء
ʱΪļ仰أ˹ֵСٵҪҲûе
Ϊʲô
Ϊȹˡ
ȴĶ鶼ˡ
ֵ֧֮Ų그ôĴҲԲ°
ף˵Сٵв͵ʱ綼㲻ˡĸԼ͵˵ĴϣĬ潣Ǻģ
ҧҵãԼֲ̣ܽ
궼ҪȰСپôʪܵرһֵ˿ţСٻģ
ףЦСٻߵ죬һһڱݵġҪǵ£ҺСû飬ҲԲ˵㲻ã˻ҪԼܽˣûˣ
˵תֳС˻ȥһ㶣Ҫʲôף覣
ȱͲãֱôţվվȡ
굣ףٶСʲô֪ۺڵռƣҲֻӲƴһΡ
̶µֵ˵ŸʲôСٸҴ
ۺõһ㶣ҲǲûƣֱӺͶԷ
һٶ˾ôڴϴ֣ٹһæŴף覵ǰСģ߰ɣ
ףʵȥĶ黹û𣿡
֣ٹǵĻţף覵ɫȴ侲ĺܡ
ۺõҪϲǵǽòײűߴߴǽм䳶һӡ
ΰЩЦЦƮƮ˵Ҫһۺõ˽ѵˣǻȥͶҪ첲ˡ
仰˵ƮƮģϲǵıδһ̲סһ¡
ǼǽＷȥҪСٵ˺ֱܿΧ˻ȥ
ô˵ˣǾקҲð˸ק
ȥԺܷһ첲
ΰһôҲͻƲϲǵΧǽӽСٰ֡
˼ӣۺõ˻󶼱ſˡ
û취˭ϲǽ˶ء
֣ٹؿžۺſЩǰһһԹֵܣ룬ϲǾڴܵĹ鴫
һ־ͣԺҲͱײڵأȶ֪ȥˡ
ƮŲٻҳΰĿǷŽ˳˳š
Щߵǽǫǫº͵ض˵ܺúý飬ΪʲôҪأ˭ռˣƽľǴˣ
Ȼ߹һĨЦ
αͶ񶾴ϣֻжϡ
겻ʵؿΰҪӵû˷ֲãÿһʮֳ
ò״ӵʱŤͷԱȻ¹ףһۣʵ㵽׻ҪʲôСٵѵ𣿡
Сٱղ˫򶷵ĳһھҲﲻˣһڵɪɪ׶һˡ
ף覿꣬һΪҴûǰѵˣžֻСһ۸ɣ꣬һҪɵ黹أ
С͵̧ͷףһֵۣŲˡ
ף覼ߵСǰ̧־˦һơ

СٽڶαףͶ⡣
ҿ;÷
꾪㵵ؿף覣㹻ˣ
Сٰ裬ھȻҪС٣ףô
С֮ٴĳԹҲô
ף覿һۣ˵ǰǷСٵĽѵҲǰϢˣ
ף˵;Сٵĸ첲ӵһԵˮס
Сٻ˵Դͱף覺ݺݵˮ
ݲͣشˮСǺˮʼƴ
ף覵־ȴһŮ˶ѹԴˮСֱӵĻᶼûС
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С٣
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Сڵϣͨ˫ＷҲ֪ˮǸղŸˮ
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ףۣķһۡ
𻢽첻ھۺã뿪˵£˵ۺ߳£֣Ȼ˵ʹ˸˹
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ԼͷСͷףʵС÷ʲôˣǲϲǵˣ㲻£أǸֵܣԲϲǵ۸㣡
ΰ
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Ҿ֪ϲǡһ㶣Ťͷף覣˵ʲô
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537´үؼ

ɫЩ֣ףһۣʵС÷һֱǹϵֵܲܣʲôԸǺú˵αҪŪأ
𻢲֪֮䷢ʲôֻǾСڵӿܿ־ĹϵҪãף覲ĵʲô£ûҪôѿ
СôѰ볨Ľͷ꿴ôǱףĵʹˣҪ֪飬֮ĹϵҪô
𻢺ĹϵҲ㲻ȻҲף覵Ĺϵ㲻Ȼ߸һ㡣
ǸеˣһάߵҲ⡣
ڿСôǱΪ˵Ҳǲ⡣
ף覿˽һǰˣء
硣
ף覽һ
𻢵˵
ף覿Ͻһ磬˵黹е˵
һ죬Ҫ˯һи֮ͬ𣿡
һ㶣ؿף覡
⻰ʲô˼
ףΪʲôö˶˵ּ裿
ڨЦС÷⻰Ҳס
ֿ·ߵСһۣƺǲµʲôֲš
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ᣬúýѵһǸҪá
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ҪûУԺҲҵˣӳɱСҪѶԸĶأ
ҪǲѵС٣Ůֻӱ䱾Ժôһ
һҪŮˣǸɴֶΰƤ֪һûǻȥģ
𻢵üšñ׳ӣŶ˾ء
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ƾһݶҪﵽͷϴûô򵥣
ǳصģ
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㶣ǰڱǺףʱף覻Ǹ˵СΪһֱԸ
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ϵĺݾͨŮ˿ɱȵģ˭Ҫܱף覸
Сٴǰһֱ̽ף覵ĵߣǷˡ
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ٳ谮С٣ҲǷǲְ
ڵãһ˴һˣף覵̬ôǿӲð˵顣
ڳҲûܰˡꡢѣ϶ܲܡ
˼һף˵ӣ㿴㿴˴ҲˣҲˣĵ׵Ҳǳˡܲһӣǽ磿
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ףǸˣҪǻСѿһҲеǰ취
ףڶʱֻף覰齻˸Ҫ
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˵ҿ˽Ҳٶʲôˣ˵ԺԼҲٴЩ顣̫ʱ򷴵ǲðˡ
˵ſף֣ٹһۡ
֣ٹҲ֪ף覽ȷʵЩݣʱˡߵף˵ǰˣȰѾүͻȥɡȾүԺʲôǿԸү̸
ףĬĬ̧ͷ˽Сһۡ
С¼ף覵߶ס㡣
ף覵ĺ촽̧ͷŽ˵磬ҾһΡϣ㵽ʱܸһ˵ٷСٺʲôֶΣҾͰԼֶ¡
һ˵ãȻȥҴߵ飬ϰ˵
ףô˵˶Ѿɿˣ𻢵ȻҪһ¡
Ȼȥ˶ùˡ
ףת߽˺ݣ֣ٹʹ˵үؼң
˻ص˱ݵ¥ϣ֣ٹʹ˰¥Ϸ
ţ˷˳
ףϳ֮ǰվڲԶΰһۣ˵鷳ˣҲذɡ
ΰЦЦ֮ˡ
˵˳ӣϲǵһ뿪
ףҲͬϳȥ
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538¸ѡ

ף覴ؼԺ󣬰ͽԷ֣ٹʹ뿪ˡ
֮飬ñ˼עš
˯ڴһ
ף覴һˮӣڴû뿪
ץƲ˲ȴʱͻȻ
뵱ֿˣǽȴô¡
ûзĵˣֻǲѡϽ飬ĵĬ겻ẦĬ֮Ծκο顣
ƾʲô˾һ
ף覺Ȼί޺޵ؽëˤϡ
תһȴ߻ߣëӡ
һֱƻ轥˹
ǵԼʱھۺһԷڿŷϤĳ෢۵̫Ѩɻؿһۡ
ôͻȻؼˣ
ʱӦûȶپƣôأ
Ťͷһͷףڴһߡ
һ㶣̧ͷʵ¶ô
ףһĬ΢΢ŵԴ̧ۿȻЩ졣
һŵؿʵˣ
̴ӴҲԼͷǲǻţͽŵʵǲ˭۸ˣ췢ʲô
ף覵ıһᣬ۾˵۸ˣ
һ㶣ʲô㲻ˣ˵綼ġ
˵ôĵ񲻻ףκί
ף覿ӣ۾һգӾ͵
ףʵСΪûеĹ֮ĹϵΪѣԲʲô㶼𣿡
ԴǽԺΪǣԼĲãܵӰ졣Ժһֱίȫ
ףôͱĵߣܲˡ
ĵ׶뷨
ףʵΪʲôСɱ͵ҪûûҹȥҽԺѵ𣿡
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ף覺ȻվʵΪҿŹɣҾͻñ۸ˣԼί𣿡
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ף覿˵Լѡɣѡ޸ǵĹϵѡһҪһ𣬾ͲҪٺ㻹Ҫѣͺɡ
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ף˵л飬ݵģ㲻ܶϾǵһ죬㻹ǻᱻƣҲǳ顣ҲίˣϲҲΪԶңһ㲻ǰһƫˣҼ޸ûˡ
һ㶣ץסף覵˵侲һ㡣
ֻ鷢̫ͻȻӻ̫ѣû뵽Ľѡ
ôܷףأ
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һǸûзСٷ˷裬侲һ£Ҳһʱú롣
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һ㶣ʲô˼
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ʱԼоЩԣȴ֪ףҪʲô
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˰һ˵ȥ˽𻢡ʱС٣ֻҽ˵
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ף覵ңûȷǴǰǸһֻ֮ǰһ
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ؼҲԺ󼱺ۣΪף˸طŰ˳ȥһϵʱ䣬еˣұбݶûҵף覵䡣
һ˶˵үħˣ߱˴Сﶼ֪˭
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ҼʱĻվΪƯҶ࿴ۡƱԱü˵ʱ̫ã۾ǺģŸտ޹ôϢʲô˰
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ƱԱ˵һųƱȥ˽
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539´ô

ףҡ
ƿףվףſڣæף覴覣ˣôҲȴкأҲö׼һЩˣӷ簡
ף˵裬һĳˣϢ
̵ͷ˵¥ɣ¥Ϸ䶼ѾһֱʰأҪǶʱ˵׼Եġ
ףת¥Լķȥ
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ף覻֮ǰǾѾӵĵ绰
绰ûа鶼ǽֻǸǣ˵飬Ȼˣȴûиǵʲôףһ޳ȥĹŮԼٸܻ
֮ǰ˵Ҫȥʱ˷ܵظʲôһϲԱ
һȻʲôû˵ȴһ˻ģϵҲԾ
ף覲ǸˣСӵˣôϲһһǳʲôµġ
ȴ˵Ȱæչ˺覣鴦Ժ󣬾ͻ̻
ףף覵Щˣ
ףһ磬һֱȥˣŴӴ
覣ϢûаվſʵҪûϢãѷҲС
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ף̧Цǰ⹫ˡ
ףӵߣҵŮƭˡ̻ˡ
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ףĬĬͷļ
ף˵ӴϹͷǹܲ˵ˡʲôҲܣֻҪסףҵˣʲôʱʲôίʱܻؼҾͶˡ
ף覿ףӣȻһЦ˳
ʲôʱףǸˡ
ף˵Щ£ҪǸ׵ģǾͲҪԼӡԷԷ
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𻢿ЦӴϱһܣͿʼϱˣ
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ףԺͰС˻ȥ
ŪȫľԺҲĲԣСεʵ̫ˡ
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ȷдף覼޸ԺͲˣҲȻľΪԼһ㣬һ㡣
ԼôĹһܹΪȥ顣
ֱף覾ô뿪ף԰ˡ
һֱףϲԼ۸ί
ܲίˣˡ
ܻ˽Ըˡ
Դ˵ȢʱʵӦܶ飬ԺҴӦû١
һ㶣ؿˣһʼͲôС÷֪Сٲͣ㻹Ů棬ⲻҪ𣿻һʼͲСٺӴĻᡣͲк¶
ƽʱȻֵģϿȴ˭
ֺһھƣεЦЦû뵽ס
𻢿˸ղŵɵЦʵ˵ģôε¶¶ڴҶ̬أ
ֻС÷ǱߣҲҪ֪ô
ǸӦѡˡ
˵Ѿһˣ׵飬ӦҲ˰ɣ
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540ֵܾ͵

ڲԸԣף覺֮䣬Ҳһѡ
΢΢ף˵ˡҾȥ˵
ĬĬѵҪģֻĸ괫š
Ϊʲô̧ͷ˽һۡ
˵ԴС÷СԺؼҾ͸ķһ˾ˣﱧƬ֡ҪרȥһңСٹƻ÷衣
ǢֻСٶԾүִ֣ĵװһҲ֣Сħˡ
Ů˻һòƫִģ
С÷Ҳȷ𣬾ȻֱӰСŪҲҳżˡ
ףҲҵˡ˵
һ㶣˵仰ʱѡ
˵鷳ȥҰһˣҲñ֪
û⣬¶ǰ
˵ļˡ
һ
һȻ߽ۺá
һҲûУ֮ǰ˶Ѿˡ
ʮٴλصطĵװٰ㲻ζ
Ѿ˾ߣȴصͷһۣɡ
ĬĬߵ
ѾµҪ˵ʲô
ִ̧һƸϣЦǰȵӻڡ
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ָ̧һϡ
һ׾ԺľƱ³һ˵˵ʲô˵ɡҶôֵˣûʲô˵ġ
ǰôֵˡЦһҲԼһ׾ƹ˶ӡ
ĴŹȵֶ˽
θеոУ̧ͷʵôĸ飬ȴôֵܣ
ûʲôϴ׵ġ˵ôҾͻʧȥС١Ļɱ
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Щڱ˿Щף覴ںЩˡ
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Щ궼סֻС٣ף覵ǶôǿĿɽ
ΣҶ覡һ·ףѾΪҷ˺ܶࡣ
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Ҳһ͹ƣ¶һ˵Ҳ㶯֣һֱΪֹǶֵܡǵֵ飬͵ɡ
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꿴ʵҶѾôֵˣֵܼĸ飬ΪһŮ˾ͶˣĲ˵˵ǹͬʶЩֵܣԺҪôദôܻʱ򡣡
ֵܼĸ飬ƺΨһ˵µĳ롣
껹ǲֵ֮飬㵱ȷ˴
ЦЦΪԺܸһõҪΪ˾Ͷ˺֮ĸ飬ⲻܡ
ƿµվùĹȡ
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˵ΪҶ˵ģȵʱҲ͸ģҾֵܾǱ˴˵һ첲ȣ˭Ҳ벻˭ȵʱ򣬾ףҿԵһӵ֧š
˵仰Ժǲһ۶Ĺȡ
һ㶣۵˲Ĺ⡣
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Ժܺվһ·ˣꡣСԺǻСɱǷ裬ҶٹܡΪΪȳȵĲҰԼһʲ㡣
Ϊĸ̣ʲС
ȴҪһʲ꣬׳ʿ
Ƕ˵ⲻʲô
ѡ񣬺Ҫӻף覱븶Ĵۡ
˵ͷ̧ͷҲԺһҪʲƻؽԺҲͲټˡ
һ
ҪԼϸɸɾ
Ժֵˡ
δôһ
Ҳף覾ĵɴĵߣ˺ף覣ٶ꣬Ҳûټȥ
ۿ꣬ٿһİˣ꣬Ϊ֮ɡ
˵ת߳˾ۺãĳ
ͷ˾ۺõĴһ̾һ뿪
ٺõֵܣزסֵĵߣ˳飬ֵҲɵġ
ڵĺɫɫȻ˵ȥվ
Ҫȥһط
һϲǣү
Ժĵ׶Ϊ¶أھүҪȥҷˣ¶ܹԷ˰ɡ
˻վֱ˵ؽƱ
֮ڵ绰ͤһ绰ףҵ֨һԺʲôҪûʰϻ𳵻˽
һѡѾԼѡڣԻȥ˰ɡ
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541ҴС

ף˵绰һɳϵף覣תʵǴȥԸÿڼҲûʲô£һȥɡ
ףһ㶣̧ͷһۣõġ
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˷㣬ףſںȻһòѣȸף覰ĺ룬Ƚȥ
ף߽󣬾ͼһ˱ڰӰϤ
תһ۵׺Ȼֳ˼Ц⣬ף覵üͷһ壬Űϵһʱ֮侹Ȼû뵽ǹ˻Žȥ
ôô⣿ףЦЦߵЦԶô
ףĬĬŰ߽ȥʵô
һžԶ̧һֶۣԼܶԶ̬֮Ⱥܲ⡣
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ףɨһۣĵ㿴ԼĻӣմ˵㲻űߵ׾һˡԶܺҳΪһˣ
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ףŤͷһߵ˾ȻԺɫҲѿ˲١
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ղҪףڿףһҲ̫
ԭ֣˵ĺ㡭
ףЦһ
תһãףþòл̸ɡ
ˡףֱǰ˵
һ㶣ʲô˼
ʱףףԼ˵ףԼģöԷһʵѡͲ̸ȥˡ
˵תҪߣȴסȥ·ʵףҲˣӦ֪ʲôԼ̸Ժ֪ûǮĵ㶼ûк̸Ҫߣǲ̫ˣ
ǲʯҪһ׵·ӵĺ飬ʱܺף̸˵õѡ
˲ٹϵŴ֣һ׵ĺѡףȴ̸̸Ҫߣô
ףЦЦ˵һ˹ȥʲô·ӣδ뻹ʲô·ӡȻ˽⣬˽ˡ
˲ףͶף컵˼Լ̸⣬Ժ׼ףи뷨ʱˮ¥̨ʲôǸ㣿
ǳһ㣬Ͳᡣ
Բ⡣
㶣ףô˵ڶ󡭡ҲӦýһ˾ˡ
û˵꣬ףִ̧ˣýҾ˾˵㣬Һ֮ûκմ״ʵĹϵ覣ߡ
˵ף߳˰䣬һͷ
˾ôԶõˤ˰ںõꡣʲôΪԼǸ˲ˣ
߳꣬ף覿ףʵ˾ˣ֪ûϵ𣿡
ʲôϵ
֪˾ΪҿǣϾ̸ģ
ףΪ˵̸ôˣΪôǮίҵŮϳ˾˴ȥĵطԷ
ףЦЦףĳӡ
һҷ꣬ף˺󣬿ףʵȥǲίˣ
ףһ㶣˾ʲôû˵Ϊôˡ
ı˾˾֪Ǳ߹ò̹ףεҡҡͷƺΪף覾òֵã㿴ڽãԶо˾˰㡣
ף߳һĨЦ⣬ǰ˳Ĭ
ף˫ֳϣף˵˾˶һֱûʲôرߵҪһҪΣ˾˾ϣԺܹúá˾˺⹫ô󣬲Ϊȥ˼ίġ
Ȼ֪ʲôίǶԵģ͵ҵ˿ףҵĹҲƢģȱҵۡ
ף㶣ף˵´Ҫٸһǰίܻ˾˻㡣
ף覣
⻰ô˸о˾˺ϣܣȻܻףҡ
ףĬĬȻʵ֮䵽׷ʲôˣԸ߾˾𣿡
ף覵ָָһ˵ң֮ǰС١
ף
˭ƺǲţףƬ̺ٴʵ
С١ף˵
ף˼㳤ôҴûˣҲûЪ˹ķƢ
ף覵ͷ˵ΪҾСʰ
ףЦһǵһô̱˵һ˵ĻСĸʰ
-

542ں

ף覰ѽһظף˵һ飬ĩˣףȻشЦ
ףһ㶣߷ֲ죺˾ˣ
ô飬˾һ㻰Ҳ˵ôЦأ
ף֪Լʧ̬ճȭߣǸʵû뵽Ҳôҵʱ򡣷ô飬һ仰˵˻ĵһǺѹˡ
ףĬĬͷԼ˵ʵҲǷҪ֤ʲôжమңٲһ˳ȥЩ顣Сٶ˼ǲ֪ôôĵؼԷأ֪ȥ죬˾Ȼߣܲ𣿡
ףŭĻЦЦ˾ס
СǸŮ˵ȷףڸϸûн˷ִ硣
ڱǵʱСپһûûƤӣȥǿСϤĵطôܲӵôߣ
Щ˾Ǹкˣƽ϶Լķݶ
ƽϣܵԼ
覣Ҳ
ף覺һϵˮ˵֮ǰ˵֮ĲޣҶעС٣ȻǶԵġҪȥļʱ͡
ף˵Щһ˵Լĵ׵ĲԺŻ˵覣֪ףԺҵһμ㷢ôƢ
ףһ㶣ؿ
ʲô˼
ǰ㵱ȻҲв˵ʱ򣬵ǲ̫áΪߵκζνҲںΨеһη˴һί飬ܵĲűˡ˽Ժܻؽ顣
ףЦЦ̧ͷ
֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ףһ㶣ҡҡͷ
ף˵˵ںŽĵסľٶ㻹ͷһ
ףˣСһ˵ΣСʵ̫ˣҾûôҪŮˣ
ףͷǣҲС̫ˣǱƵһԺ̬ȣʵ̫ԡϲûдá
ףף˵˷ʥ޹ᱻƣΪĵ壬ҲΪŻڴƴôԺ㣬嶼ûˣǻߵһ𣿡
ףһҭ˾˵еĵ׻Ǻܲġ
ѵҾҪȥҵʱѾֳˣ¶ûˡ
һ֮뿪ҲΪĵҲҳһ飬ҲҪԼҸ͸Щˣܲˡ
ףҡҡͷ˵ҪȥȷûˣǶӦȥ飬Щ鶼Ǻֱйص£º֪ԼˣĲܣˣôֵ֮ܿĳ⣿
ŮҪǸ覶ˣ
㻹Сױͷ⣬Ҳ㳤˵ˣ
ףʵԺӦô죿
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ףףķԺĬĬصͷĵ׸һĸо
þ˾˵ĺеεȷûдá
ˡ
ףЦԼŰ£ʲô㲻ôѲɽҲҪ˾˰ţ
ףƲƲ˾ˣôͻȻ˦ƹһһҲˣ
ף̾޳ȥŮóȥˮ˾ܹأԺ·뻹ҪԼߵġ
ף覵ͷǸܴŮˣЩֻҪһ㲦Ȼͻס
ףףһﻤҪúãԼܿС
ʱ˾ףԱףϲԵЩ˶ǰ
˶٣ף˵ˣʤҪ
ţףһ㶣ôˣѾϴѧˣѧϰ𣿡
ף룬˵ϵʦѧǴѧ˵һʲôУ԰ʵϰʤֵ˽
ףһĬΪʲôƫǽ
ҲǾýʶˣԺиӦɡף˵
ף΢΢ףʵҪףʰһס𣿡
ף˵ʹ⹫˼ˣ⹫˵ʤµ˼ϾһˣʤһŮҲö˼̡̫Ҹպʤ´绰˵ڼסһʱ䣬ϤĻȵϰˣҷסһʱ俴
ף覺Ȼ̧ͷʵεʵϰã
ףʤ˵£ѧĩͻУˡ
ף覺ȻͷЦЦµʱ䣬ʲôʵķסСҪסףе㲻˼˸Ľȶš
ססɣüʤжᣬϲĻĹף÷ֻҪûһʲô¡
ôȥˣ˭Ҳûʲôס
ڶףڳ緹Ӷ˾ʹ˽ǰһ˵ףˡ
ף̧˭
Ļû䣬ʹһװ˽
ףһ㶣ܿߵͷࡣ
첻ѾһʼʱҪ侲˲٣˵ĵûǼٵģڻǲ֪Ӧôڵ
Ժ͵һʱ˽
յףңҶûлأΪǹҪô
ףףһ⹫˾ˡԲˡ
ף̧ͷһۣŤͷ˿ף覡
ʱףźۼض˵ͷ
˵ԼЩʹĳϾǵˣͲҪϹˡ
ףһָףԵĿλ˵һû緹ɣǶиλӣһԵɡ
ףһ㶣ؿףǰڼʱ⹫˵ףҵˣʲô鶼Ҫôһ⹫Ͱ
΢΢һЦ֮ߵף
Ӷæʢһү緹
ԺŤͷףһۣͷԼʲôҲû˵һԵСˣȻ˿ӡ
ף覣
ʲôҲû˵볯һƿһ㣬˵ܺԼˣùҡ
⻰Сӡ
ûίȫ̬ʵҲܳΪˣֻԼһͬĲ˵ϰԼдˣǼиԼԵġ
ף覣
ŤͷȵĿôˣ
ףһĬĬҲһԵƼһӲˡ
Ӵء
-

543²

Ʋ_һۣ˴أʲô֡
Դ֪ף覺֮ԺףͲٵˡĵ׶Ҳ֪ô˲
ʱףף˶ʰ¥ˣԤȥѧУϿΣףһ£ʹ˸
ףԺվף˵ȥͺѧԡ
Ӽˣܹȥн
ЦЦӶͳǮݸǣȥǳԡ
лл򣡡
ƿһۣӵļߣ㣬ٲȥѧУҪٵˡ
Ƿ˴ź뿪ԺףҲһݱֽվҹȥ壬ȥ
ף覶ʵ⹫ñֽʲô
ףȷ硣
ף覣
ףһۣ˵ͱˣܺԼɡ
˵գ˼ŻĲӻ߳ףҡ
˿յһۣף˵ֻʣˡ
˵ʲô˵ɡףҲꡣ
һֳӱأŤͷףʵε̫ˣʹСӵİ취𣿡
ףһ㶣ؿȻѵ
ĵһ죬Ȼѵˣ

˭ҳĹƢҲӦõġ
ףһؿڣҪƢֲ֪˵𡣺һ˵ˣ˵ʲô
Ҳˡ
ףһ㶣Ťͷ
߻ŵЦ⣬ȴǾġ
֮ǰѾһˣҲ鶼˵ˡƵǰһһ׺˵׵ǷģҲΪίȥ˸еİ취
һӲˣ˵飬ҲǺĸɾǵ磬Һʲһ꣬ҲǷˡ
ף覱Ļһ֮ô죿
̫ǿطζʲôˣĸ
ֻһƬסˣġү
ȻҪʲ֮꣬ôܺù
֮ǰֵôҪ֮Ը֮͸ˡ
ʣµʲҴӶת¿ʼɡĵ˵
һߺһ߳Сˣһټ򵥲鶼ף˵˸ͺ˵һ򵥲ѵĴ㡣
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ӽ¿ʼζҪԼĸ
ӳЩ˶أҪãһһʱҧס֮ĺࡣ
ʵҲͦõģֻ˵ܹҲҵı¡
Ĵ뿪
ףСʵǲ顣
ָһӲˣ˵ܲһΪòġǰĲãһĵġ
ף覵һûĶжֻԼĵΪȥѡ
ôһ˵ȡᣬĵ׵ǹʱɢˡ
ԴʵͷɥظʲôҰⶼתԺҲͲ뿪ˣܳ⹫һⲻǸүүܳ㣬һҲܿġ
ף³һʱϿףĻ
˾˵ûдεûдá
ʱ侲һ㣬Ͳôȡᡣ
ϸһ룬־ԼٻصʱĳǻͬѡСٺˣ侲
Դûж㿪ϲ¶һĨʵЦ⡣
ûж㿪Լ˵Ĳˡ
֮⣬ǲҲûһˣȻ
ңףһ㶡
ЦˣѾҵˡؽˣ㶼ûлعһңúүүҪ֪ˣù˼żˡ
ףԼ֮ǰ顣
һԼ߸ӳˣӳһֱ˳ۣ˵Ҳ£潨ҵǰ˵ġ
ԼҪٲȥһᱻ˵졣
ʲôʱңףʵ
緹ȥɣѾһûгԶˡ˵ֵͷࡣ
ף㶣ת˳ѽҺõһ඼˳ǰ
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544ºαô

磬ף覾͸ֵػҡ
ɲɵǺӳ쵱ʱȻҲڣ
ɳੲݵظ潨ҵ˵ԼϢ˵ģ
֣˵Ŀɶģף覺һΪʲôʱֵòɿˣףҲԼܻؽؼң֪һڷ￴ףأ
ǡʱ潨ҵ̧ۿף覺ִ˽
潨ҵһźӳʵôȷΪ˲Żؽ
ӳȻڿһҧһǣȻףΪʲôҪΪС»ؽôҲǣʱȥ궼Ҳ̫۵ˣ
ӳһ˵ĺǸף覲ĺˣҲܰף覲𳤱ϡ
һףûͣҲ潨ҵϱ
һκӳ컹ƵĲɡ
˵ⷬԺףǷûгܣʧˡ
ӳһ㶣תͿף覺޼վ
ӳıһؿˡ
ôһ
ף΢΢һЦɿת潨ҵ˹ȥүү˼û˵
潨ҵһۣʵ춼ʲôȥˣ
ף˵ڼס죬⹫еСð˼졣˾˵иһȥ̸̸ǡڷײʲôɡ
潨ҵšһף覵ĸ첲˵ûܾͺá
ףЦЦ̧ͷԺӳ˵Ƿõúܣ̾ͲҪΪǲˡ
ӳɫһףһǱףɱ˸ֲ
ӳ쿴ףʵȻûܣôͻȻˣⲻùˣȻûþܻؽ
ףٿȻһЦǼңǻѵҪרŸһ𣿡
ʱҲһ˵үүǴƻؽˡ
ƻ潨ҵôôͻȻ
˵һǿǵԺչҪ̳мҵģƻҲ֮ҡһΪ覿ˣңܰⶼƻԺҲܳؼҿ
̳мҵ⼸֣ӳһʱ;
ҪİⶼƻԺĸҪֽž͸ˡ
ҪѸڽĸûл·
ӳڨЦΪһŮ˾ԼǱߴµһƬ죬̫ðɣ
ûʲôõģҾÿоͿˡЦҲ˼ĽλҪүү̸̸顣
Ťͷ潨ҵʵүүôأ
潨ҵ˼Ƭ̣˵ܻؽȻáҲܿ˵ĸһ㡣
潨ҵ鱣ֵľȻ̬ȣӳʱӽˡ
ûүӾѾôƫˣҪİⶼ˹ҵⲻǶԶˣ
ɣôһжߣ
ҴôãΪ˸ıһ·°뱲ӶǮ˼ҵһСҪļ̳˼ҵӾˣ
ӳ̧ͷһۣҪⶼƻؽҪһʱ䣬ʱʲô
֮
ף覻ҵĵڶ죬ʤ¾Ͱסףҡ
ף˰Ѽʤµķ䰲ף覵ĸڣǲɹףӵķ䣬ʤ¶ףҵһжϤס
磬ʤ»һ¥ûʲôˣͶӶ˵˾𣿡
Ӷ˵ף˾ףȥ̸ˣ˾ڵģ
ʤһ˵˵覽ǰҲˣҴȥҿҲ·һ˾ҹȥɡ
Ӷһ㶣ȻʤҲһλС㣬Ǿö֮ףҵ˾ţǲǲ̫׵
С㣬Ǳ߻᲻еæôȥҪףС㲻ҡ
ʤ²ô࣬ſڵȥ֪ˣҲǵ׼ˣǺαҪô⣿
ӶĬĬǡ
ʤЦЦ¥ð˾ң
ûȥأ
Ȼף覻ˣǽһҲҰɣǱãһǸˣҲܾá
ʤ¥ͳףҵĳӳš
-

545Ե

ʤҵʱոү˵ǰӵ״뿪
ʤһ³߽ҾͿߵ
Է㶣ʤʶسԷ˵ͷҵ˭
ע˼ʤµϡ
Ů˵Ĳ·̬ӦûûбòϾȻףмơ
ĳѵҲļ͵ĴС㣿
΢΢һЦ˫ֲڿڴﳯ˹ȥã˭
ֻҪ룬αװʿӻͦģһ¾ƭȡ˼ʤµĺøС
ʤµͷ˵ãҵķˣף覡
һף֣üͷ˭
ʤ˵ףǱߵˣḶ́ãҽмʤ£
˵һֻ֣ƺѡ
΢΢һЦʤ£
ô˵Ҳףҵˣ
ף֮ǰôƲϺһʯ峧⣬ǰСףԼͷ
ߵЦָգãĵܵܡ
ʤһ㶣ĵܵܣ
ǲǸСĶӣ
ףҵ˲Ƕ˵ǸӡҲ񰡡
ʱĶŵ˵ףӦúүүһȲأҴȥɡ
ʤĵȻֵų⣬ĵһоʵ̫ˣҲþܾͷá
Һܴ󣬻԰ҲףҵС
ʤļȻҲǲףһ㡣
ʤСʱҲûĽף覵
ͬǼ޳ȥŮֻܴ̾ڼңף覵ԺȴסףȥòһС
ף覼޽ˣȻȴǰ
ף覵ã
żʤ³ڲʱļ˶һ㶡
潨ҵ֪ǰ˭ףֻôˡ
Ǽʤ··ǸɣʲôҲûвһ˵ףߣ˵ؽһ覽㣡
潨ҵʵλǣ
ף΢΢һЦʤͻȻ˶Ѿˣܵýһ£үүλҹ̵Ůʤ¡
ʤ˵үүãҽмʤ£覽ġ
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Ҳ˵
潨ҵף覵ļˣ˵覣תתɡ
˼ҺС֮й뷿Ҫ˵һ˽˵ɡ
ףףվүүҴȥԺߡ
ףת˼ʤһۣ߳˲ңȥ˺ԺĻ԰
ôˣףʵ
ʤ¸˵㻹֪ɣαʵϰˣ֪ˣЩ㣬͹㡣
ף覵ͷʵϰͦõģԺʱҲḻһ㡣ΪԺ׼ʵϰĹ档
ʤµɫһ䣬ЦʵʵϰҲرæ˵һģôû򰡣
ףŤͷһۣЦЦ˵ܺ飿
ʤ˵ʡ
ף˵еղųȥ򵰸ˡ
ޡʤ¿һۣŲ˼֡
á
ף覻ͷʵղôһ𣿡
ʤɬ˵Ǹղſˣҽˡ
ԼܸоǸ˶Լио˵ϲԼء
ףôϲҲԼжϲˡ
ϲŮĵһٻе㽾ġ
ף覿żʤǸСŮĽ̬ɵʵòϲɣ
ʤһ㶣̧ͷף覵覽㣬˵ʲôأǲǵһμ棡
ף΢΢׵ûоͺáʲôˣҵĸǣԶһ㡣ԺϳԿ
һֱüʤ¿˲ͨ͸ǰһ˵ӣðһֱָҪǼʤ±ǰֳ̬ȸƭˣԺɾеĿͷˡ
ף覾Ϊһˣô㼾ʤһ㡣
ǸӵĻ֣ʤϲʲô˶ϲ
ʤ¿æʵ覽㣬Ϥ𣿡
ףҡҡͷǺϤ֮ǰӴΣܸоĵʲô˼ˡ
ʤô˵ĵе㲻
ʤ¿ڱ覽㣬ô˵ҲǺϤô˵ǲǲ̫ƽҸղſľֹ磬ͦʿİ
ףһ㶣һ˵ʿܴ˵һ𣿡
ʤѾСˣع۵ȥ磬ʵ̫ˡ
˵޴
ףߵǰվʤ£ǺαװĶ㿴ʿΪ㲻֪ǰŮˡ֪ЩŮжǱӸƭ˵ģ
ʤһҭֱף覽̵ĸо
Ƕǲ͵ĹףȴǱֵıͬҪ졣
üʤܸоԼڱĸ̡ܽ
覽㣬ûпΪҲһô
ףżʤµ˵ʲô
ʤ˵ΪǾĹϵſǸˣ֮䲻ֹϵҲ㻹ôϵ˵ֻ
ƺΪԼ˵⻰ʱԵøеһ㣬ʤ˵ʱͦţ°͡
ףͷЦЦ
ΪԲſľʤΪ޴ƭŻᱻһ˵Ի
һֻʱѣԵ㲦һ£һҪҽסˡ
ʤûеף覺ҵ磬ǵȵף覲̲һ䣺ɡҪǾǸˣԽӴ
ʤ¼ȻôְִǸˣǾԼӴˡ
ʱͻ֪Լ˵ǲ滰
ʤһ㶣ףΪʲôô
ʱף˵ӴҪ˲ҪԽԼΪһŮ˵һߣʱҲﲻ㡣
ʤ϶ʱһƬɧ죺覽㣬ѾǸˣҵԼзִ磡
ף覲Ϊʼ磺Ǻܺá
ʤ˵ײףҵˣȻмҵ˹̣ܽ˵̫࣬ü˵¡ʱף÷ָˡ
ϺͶԷֲݡ
ңҪǽˣĽͬʱǼҺףҵ
ף覲ףҶˡ
ʤԭò׹Ҫףһ£ȴû뵽ԷôϢ˵̬ȡʱһЩ˵Ҳǣ˵Ҳǡ
ĵ׾ǲʹ죡
һΣףҲûҪ˵ʲô˼԰ǰȥ
-

546

ʱ԰ԶԶһˣߵף覽ǰͽ˻
Ⱥܾ𣿡˲ʵ
ûа֮ǰһֱںүү죬ʤˣ˵˻ף§˵
ڿһ˲䣬ʤµ۵׶˼ֹʡ
ֻҪܲײ
û뵽ôɣˡ
ףļʤһۣʵǸղʲô
ġ
ûʲôʲô
ʤ⧲شϻף㶣ЩζؿŶԷ
ʲô˼
ʤһ߾һֲ֪뷨
ܸòҲһ뷨ɣ
ȷͻȻܵͺ֣
ףʲôҲû˵ֻǹԹԵذߡ
ŵֽ˵Ǹĵ⣬⻹Щˮ
ʤ³΢΢һЦ覽á
һۣ֪ΪʲôûнĻ
ǼʤҲΣվǰǡ
ףִżʤԺתһȦֻʼûҪʤ½ȿڲ˼
Ժת꣬ʤߵĽŶЩˡ
ʤ˵һؿף覾ȿ˵ʵϰģӦ÷ڽѧѧϰϣȥϢɡҲ׼Ĺô㣬ɲʧ
ʤһ㶡
ؿף覡
ɵóףڸߡ
ʤ´飬¶˼Ρ
ʱǡüӶϵҪôף覾߻˳Ӷĵˮ
ʤµ׵Ļᣬ̧ͷʵǣҵſ𣿡
ĬĬ˫ִ˶￴˵ͷ
ʤȻһЦߡ
ߵſڣһŵĳ۵¶˼ɻɫףҵĳ
ûףҵĳڣʤ¾ôһףҵĳˣ
ʱʤºȻ˵Ҿѧʵϰ
ͷޡ˶٣ʵأ
ʤһ㶣ǽûİʾ
ʤ¶һĨЦ⣺пգʲôʱ·ҵʵϰһЩָ㡣
һ򣺡ûգæҲ˲ţҴ˰æˡ
ʤϵЦһΪʲôѻ˵ôԡ
ʤ˵ز죬Ͳչչ𣿲ҪôСôһԸҺܶõָ
˵ɽǽҵҲǣֻһƽƽ˰ˣҰﲻ㡣Ҫ˵˭ȥףѧ峵öࡣ
˵˳ţϳɣûȥˡ
ʤ¿ĳĬĬȥ
覽ǰǺᣬǧ˳ô鵽Լͻôࣿ
Լ覽ãҲӦöչԼһ
ôĲ̫һ
һ˳ţڳӷ֮ǰͻȻ˳ǰԼʤ˵ˣһҪҪ㡣
ʤ»ΪرĻҪԼ˵̧ͷʲô
˵򡣡
ʤ㶣еͷԣ⣬֪
ϹһĨЦ⣬ֻЦȴû¶ȵġ
Ҹо㲻̫ӦòҪҳϵʲôϵ
ʤһ񶼶顣
ʲôֻ֪һֱѡղ˵Щ˼ףֻǹⲻӲ磬ԼκĹϵ
Ȼó˵ȻʵϰľͺúùҪﶫܵˡ
˵˾ʹ˸ףҵ˾ͷ˳ӡ
һټԼʤ˵ת߻ҡ
֮ǰĲ֮ͬǰأȻĮһˡ
ʤ²ֻ֪ףڵʱ򣬲ŻԼеᡣ
صǵ˼Ȼʲôɫ
СٵŮ˸ͬڶηԼϣףһίһҪеžԴͷϡ
ӻʻңʤ¿ſʧıӰ´ҧĲҰס
ʲô˲𣬾Ȼ
ǻ˵õǸõѵƽʱ̬ȶ˵
֮£Ҫõöأ
Ƣʲôõģ
˵Ƿ֪Ҳ̳ϵľ֣ŹڮΪǸĻӣ
-

547¾үҪ

ףڳָӶôϵ㣬ʹⴧŶ˽
Ӷ˳˵ͷү
ߵףʵæʲô
ף覲Ϊ򵥵㴦һ£ͷүүȡԭӶˣҽ̽
Ȼ̽ͷһۣʤˣ
ˣ˳һЩ顣
ףЦЦͷӶ˴㡣
üͷ壬е㲻ϲ䡣
һҺÿΪʲôԸӶҲһҺͼʤ֮飬ҾͲ㿴ʤµ˼
ôдһǿ˻¡
͵Լء
ӶϵĲ˵һ٣Ŷʲôԡ
Ӷ˺ܴҲᵱʲôûзĬĬؼϵ㡣
ף覻ͷһۣٿȻ¶һĨЦݣת˵֣Ҹүүأ˵үүе飬Եá
һؿʵǲǻ˽үүͱˣ
ףһЦתŰϵ˵Ϲ˵ʲôأ׳ԵĿûɡýƬҲһȥȡ
˵ʱ򶼿Էȥһˣ˵ûУ
ǾúүүȺҪҪ
үҪˣ
үҪˣ
˫ֻվڳſڣôף覡
Լת

ףڸоЩ֣תͷķһۣ˵ɫѿļֱһ˶ڰ·Ĳᡣ
ף覣
ڰɣ
ȴһ
Լһ
ףεЦЦתͷߵߣżһڡ
ˣҪ㣬ղžֱϵȻˣôлȥͼʤ£ף۾Цӯӯ˵֪㶼͸ģ
һԺɫŽһ㣬ףһͣĵ׵ƶʱɢ˲١
бף覵ԼһҲ˹ȥҲһҾԭ㡣
ףٿȻһЦ󷽷һڣȻתسȥˡ
Ӷ˸оĴĺöŶ
ףıӰߵЦԽԽ
һߣʤ±ףԺֱ˦Ȼ߲˵ػףҡ
˭֪ȥʱ䲻ɣȻײףؼҡ
˵ĳһǰһĽףҵĴԺӣף˳Ժɻؿ˼ʤµĳһۡ
ţȥĶˣ
һʤһεشӳ
ףڲŽףҵĳȥһңôȥʱһ¶ûУƫƫףء
ʤµüͷ壬Լ浹ùȻûһ˳ĵģ
ףȥĶˣ
ʤɫֵ۶ϵͷҡղȥ覽һЩѧϰϵ顣
ѧϰϵ飿ף۵͸ֺɡ
⣬ʤҪѧϰҲӦȥӦʦôأ
Ҳ̫ˡ
ʤЩ˵Ҫûʲô飬ҾȽȥˡ
ȵȣףסָָԼʤ˵һм仰Ҫ˵ȸҹɡ
ʤһ㶣ף߽Сȥ
ףڿɳʾһԼλãʤĬĬߵ
壬ʲô˵աʤ±ֵľɵ˵
ףҵ˶кˣ׶ֻҪֵĺһ㣬ףͲô
ҲԼʲôҪףѵ
ףɤӣ˵ŸԿû֣ԽԽˡ
ʤ㶣ȵ˹ôôûи˵أ
ף˵ֲ̫֪Ծһֱû˵Ҳûи߹ùá
ʤ»ȻԭǾ˹ӦöȥҽԺһɣôҲһ¡
ףϿɵص˵ͷѾȥҽԺˣҽԺǱߵ˼ǾֲסԺһֱסڼԡ
ףЩΪѵؿ˼ʤһۣµǸġ
ʤһ㶣ţ
˵⻰ʲô˼
ҵ˼ǣƽʱʮ𼱵飬ͲҪ˾ȥˡףףֻ˵
ʤµһɫ˲䶼ѿ˼֡
ף˵ֵ岻ã˵ģʲôʱĳ⣬ҪȥҽԺ˿Ҫġ˾ȥȻȥ覣԰˵̫á
һô
Ҳרž
˹ȻãӦһԱѵôɣһ˾ȥʱ˹ܷˣ
ʤµü΢ɲǿ̲ڣԶף覽Ƕʱˡ
ϾǼ£ʤΪҲҰֵ̫ѿϾεȷףҵ˾Լȥġ
ʤ´ϥϵֽ˽̧ͷһ˫۾ף˵壬Ҳǹġ
ףĬĬǹûϵҲֱ֮ǰûרŸ˵һˣûرҪ˼ԺסˣҪ˾žˡ
ף˼Ƭ̣ȻȥԼǮУ˼ǮŵƸ˼ʤ¡
ʤһ㶣ף˵ҪʲôҪȥĵطԶĵطȥгȻסڱͲΪ㡣
ʤ¿ϵЩǮͻȻ
ʲô˼ǼҾ㲻ףǮҲûгǮĵز
ѵЦԼ
ףҪôǮôɴһ³Ŀأ
ʤڨڨЦЦֱߵİվ˵壬Ĳˣҽǲ̫Ϥ˾ҳȥ
ȻϵǮһۣת¥
ҲֺþˣصףҾȻҪҪͲЩ˸Լ˵
ʤĵһصϵЦݾͳײˡ
¿˴ϣ۵һƬơ
֪ô⣬ѡʵϰصʱͲӦðַֽԼڼҵĵطأԼͼĵ׶ʲô
Ժʤ¾Ϳʼʵϰˡ
һκһĻͬѣҲ˵˼ʤڽʶˣһѡ˽ʵϰġ
ʵϰΣǾԼȥװѡ·
һѾʵʤ£㲻סı˵Ǻˣ
ʤµϸֳĨ֮ɫǵȻұףڽûм˲֪
һѳȴʲôʱȥ£ǻûĴ˼ʲôأ
-

548ʾ

˵⻰ʱûʲô⣬ǼʤĻȴüͷһ壬·תʵ¾꣬ʲôп˼ʲôӣǰûȥҰǰǼСС𣿡
Ҳףҳ޽ҵˣ¾⻰ǿ𼾼ң
г¾Ůһ㶣û˼ʤҲ̫˰ɡ
¾æֺõˣҵȻҲǴ˼ңҾǺĴ˼Һͼûʲôһ
¾Ļüʤ뵽ǰף˵Щʤµɫ΢ɲس˳
תżϵ·̲˵ʲôһеǮôȻǮҲǶ˭󷽡
֮ǰǽףҵһγ徹ȻҪþ˹ĲѹףҵҲ󷽡
Сÿһۣ̽ʵȥף飿
ʲô㣡ʤɨһۣЦ治˽ףҰףŵڣ۾ıʲôߣʲô˶ȥұǸ˺࣬ദģ
Сõɫ˱䣬˵˰죬ʤ¾鶼¡
װʲôΪǴСأԭҲһµĹ
˵ԼʲôˣҪǼʤףһĹҪףͻһ仰飡
ֻСãһԳ¾񶼱Щ΢ƺЦֲҪüʤ̫ѿһ
ʤµȻҲǵ鲻ԣҪǵʲô˼һװ¼߳һ˵Ҹղž˵ϤأԭǼС㰡
ʤһ㶣̧ͷȥǰ˾Ȼ֮ǰֻһ֮Ե
룬һʮ־ƭԵģһڴҵǰʱʤµǼѿͱ˱䡣
ȻǴװˣ
ⱲӶûװأ
˳ûôÿʤµԵҲ̫˰ɣ
ʤ¿ߵǰ˲ô
һԼ˵װ굱Ȼ·Сþò
ʤ㶣ҵô·С·
ͷ۾ЦЦ㼾ҲҴҵ㲻Ҳ·
ʤµ˺죬ʵҲûΪôǮǼֻĹȽһѡⷬȷǡôġ
ʤ½͵ʵϰһʱ䣬ֲǳסԾ·ʱһ̫õġ
Ŷһ
ЦЦҾһȻ·С·ǲʺңҲĺܣմûӾͻˡ
¾˿۵׶¶ĽĹ⡣
ֵ·ƽʱ¶໨Ǯ˾Ȼô˵Щ·á
Ǯ˼ҵǲһ
ɨһۼʤļˣͺܶŮЩŮ˵ʲô˼ˡ
ǡôʵЩͬѧ
ʤµ˵ͷֱ˼˵֣¾꣬СáǶǺһʵϰġ
Ŷղ˵Ҫȥףͣף࣬˵
ʤڨڨЦ»סףأղ˵ЩҲֻҪһɧѣûرҪ˭˼
Щ˵žЩס
ʤæ͵ǣǾ˵˵ѡ
ô˵˵ҿǶȥˣһۣЦף覵ãҵãҪпյȥ
ʤ㶣ȥǶ
˵ǰȻûסҲһԼķӣǶطû¾;ٰƻʲôģҪǾٲ棬һԽмѹ
˵Щʱ򣬳¾Ƕ˷ˡ
¾˼ʤµֱ£ϲӦôõĻᡭ
ô˵ԾǶԼʤ˼
ҪǼʤܺϣǲҲܸմմ⣿
ô˧ʤôԿģڲӦʲô
ʤµͷЦЦ
֮ǰ;Լе˼̬ȸǿ϶֮ǰĲ롣
Ҳôûϲô
ܻܵһԼֻ˵û۹⣡
ʤŤҡҡ򣺡ǲʶãҾֱȥңðɣ֪Ժ󣬲˵ʲô𣿡
ƽʱߣʲôЦֻҪǶʱڳʱ䣬ǲ֪СԸԸ
-

549Ϲ

ʤԥһʵ֪׵һֻһ˼ȥ治̫áҲ̴ǰĽ̻塣
һ̣Ů˵֧ʤ¾ԼӦԼ¾һĽԼΪģʤµ˵ͷðɡ
䣬̧ͷҿûʱ䣬ǵʵϰŸոտʼкܶණҪæϤء
߹һĨЦ⡣
ǣŮˣĶŸȥ߶ûųأϹˡ
Ȼףսһ㣬ЩŮ˶̫ˡ
ڼʤ¿⾭ﲻܶӣɵˡ
ЦȻ㿴ʲôʱпգüӶ׼׼
ʤ룬˵ĩɡ
ʤ˿ڣ˵û⣡
Ȼֿһļ˵ŽҲʱ䣬Ҵȥõĵط·ɣ
¾ʱĻŭţߵЦڶڲ
ֻС˵̫ðɣϾǶʶ
ֻҪȥףҳʲôӣֲռ˵ģúõ˼·˵ֶ̣鿪ͷԺµԼ顣
ȴһν˵ʲôղżС㲻ҽܹǵҪľò˼ллСˣֻҪѣҾ͵ðչǡ
ȻתȥԼ֣պҿ˳
¾Լͬؿ˼ʤ£ܴܲ·Ϳʤµ˼ˡ
ʱſڵ˵ȥҼ棬һϼѣǲҲҪôص·ɣ͵Ϊĩ׼ˡ
ʤٿȻ¶һĨЦݣǸӡ
ʤ˵ȻԸƷѣǾ͹ˡ
·ԼĳʤµҲȥ
żʤµĸ첲ʵôõˣ㵽ʶģ
ʤ΢΢°ͣЩ˵ҽĵܵܣʵҲûʶܾá
뵽ԼͿҪֵ·ӴûʶܾþԸΪز
ʤ⻰ĵ׸ˣ˵ʲôܾǿҽչһѡ
ĶܰһҲϲ㣡¾Ҳ˵
Сÿ˼һۣĵ˵ĸо
һ·
˭ﻹĲһ·
߳˷װ꣬ͶԼʤ˵ҾͲȥˣȥɡ
ʤΪԼųţͻȻС仰ɫʱͳ
СǲǲӰ
ʤüʵҶȥôͲȥ
ҲȥǸļ棬ҾͲȥˣСһԼϵб˵е㲻Ȼȥˡ
˵תͼ෴ķȥʤһ㶣Ťͷų¾Сʲô˼
ܾĲɣԲǱˣȥ··ͺˣ
òһôǮˣ˻ԸΪǻǮҪǲץסᣬԺδؾĺˡ
켸˻صǵĺⷿʱһˣֻСһ˰һԿ顣
žӱȶ·ԺչȥʵСãôһȥ·
С̧ͷһۣ䲻ȵ˵˵Ҫ˵ĶԺҪʲô飬㶼þܾ
Ǻ漾ʤ¹ʲôⲻҪĶ
ɲԼǷ̫࣬ʱ򻹶塣
ѵͣͳ¾ֻǰĺãȻһ㶼ûҧ˶ܸǴʲôõĺ
Ϊ·ˣСЩʱûˡ
СõĻͣĶڷͳ¾̰Сһ
ֲΪ·ʲôɵŮˣ
ֻʤʾã˳ǶѣôͲҪ·ˣ
ԼģֲǿҪģ
úСûʲô˵ˣɴ಻ĻתԼķ䡣
Сһ㶣ıӰ˸ۣʲô˰
Լռ˻˵ˣ
ʱܿ͵һܺ
⼸ȥˣÿ绰ף˵رæʱҲȴӸڶпˣҲף覱һ¡
˵ĹϵֵúܽӲеҪĿɳ˼
˵һʱ䣬Сٻָ˵Ըȴñԭˡ
ʼĲؼңĴ˺ȾƣʱڶԼȾƵ˭֪
ÿҪᱻСͬһв
һ߲ϣ뿪һֹܲסС١յĽ˭ҲûԼߡ
һеؽһʲ꣬Ȼʣµʲһ򵥵㣬Ԥʱص
С٣ڲϵغҺͱ˺ȾԺһһʮ˵Ĵ˹
Ǹ˵ĶӶЦҪˣ֪ԺֱӳȥңСһٺôϵʱСѾǸ˵ü׻ݡ
֮СپҲû¶˵ûˡ˵Ǳ͵͵ˣ͵һû֪ĵط
󵽵ȥû֪
ڴе飬Ԥؽٻ֮ǰף覴һ绰
ڵ绰Ժ󲻵룬绰һ
ףΪʶʵιʲôҪ˵
绰ﴫȴƴſǻĻҲѵ覣ҽԺ⹫ˣ
鷢̫ͻȻˣҲ֪һףҽԺʲôһףͦ
ֻܵһʱ֪ͨ覡
һףĲˣһкܶ໰Ҫ˵
ף覵һһȻĵĽŵֱǡ
ûһᱻôͻȻ֪ͨףϢ⹫ôͻȻȣ
岻һֱܺ
ʲôʲôҽԺ
Ϊ̫ңף覵ﶼֲ
æ˵һҽԺ
Ҫҵ绰æ˵覣˵ڹҪţҵ˾Ҫû⣡·עⰲȫ
ףף覵ĵвĵλ֪һܻңֻڵ绰·Сġ
ĵͻȻ£˭侲
ףң֪ˣ
˵绰ЬӶͽҵ˾ȥҽԺ
ҴææظϵҽԺʱףûдӼ
Ȼտ޹۾Ǻġ
ף覵ĺţףҲҽԺ
ף覵һ˫գŵô£⹫ôͻȻҽԺ
ߢȥ۽ǵ˵⹫һֱܲáҲڵ죬źһ㡣û뵽
-

550ƾʲô

û˵꣬ƾѾһο˳
ף㶣ôΪʲôԶ⹫עһ㣡
ף߹ȥ˱ƣļ˵ֻûµģ
򴽣۾˵԰ﶺʱͻȻͻ赹ˣҪ˾ͰҽԺû뵽˾쾹Ȼڣʤ°Ѽ˾ˣҲ֪ȥ
ʵʱ˵绰ؼ磬һ·ųӹѰָ͵ҽԺҪؼ磬ֿܾ͡
˵ֽͷףؿڣҭ
ףȴһŤͷף覡
ʤ¾Ȼ˰Ѽĳˣ
֮ǰѾʤ˵ĳ㿪ߣΪʲôʤ¾ǲ˾ȥ
ף覴ֽ߬ȭͷķʱȴҧʲô
ʤ£ʤ¡
飬Լʱٸˡ
Լڱȵ⹫Ϣ
Լƽʱղȥɷѵؼ糯˹
ҶѾˣؼüͷοûµģףûµģ
ף˵лл㣡
ؼ˵ʲôл֣ܲ𣿡
վ˼ڣʱ򼸸ҽԱŲӼ˳ʵ˭ףļ
ףֵǣ
Сʿ˵ಡĿǰѾΣգԺҪע˵彡𣿡
ףͷסԺһעġ
Сʿ˵Ͳ˻طԸչˡ˳мעҸ˵һ¡
ףæߵһ࣬ಽظףص˲
ףϵüۣף覵һһۡ
֪ף״ôãһע⹫һ⹫˲ܱ֪ͨˡ
ףţˮִۿ
ڲףĸСʱףҲûҪѵļ
ۿŻƻƽףվ˵⹫ʱһҪһؼҰȡõĶ
˵覣ȥɣһ
ףҡҡͷȥ
ƻҪ˵ʲôȴףѹס˼ףҡҡͷ
ΪͻȻʲôһѹġ
ףֲ̧߳ϵۡ
ųӻصףңƿףҵţһ
ףһ㶣תȥ
ףҵĳ
ȷе˵ףƽʱ˵һ
ʤЦӯӯشӳ˳ͷǽմһ·Ҳһֻ֦չĺ
ϻһոµֽװӦʲô͸
ʤ½ĿģǸ˺Цһ磬鶼Ƶġڽף﷢Ĵ£ʤȴһ㶼֪
ף̧ߵʤǰʵȥĶˣ
ʤһ㶣ף˵覽㣬ûʲôϵɣ
ƹף覣Ҫ߹ȴû뵽ףס
ʤüʵȻסףңҲǼҵͽûҪʲôɣ
ף覵ɫһ䣬һһٵʵ㣬ȥĶˣ
ʤһ㶣ǵһμף¶ı顣
ף覵ŵˣʲԸ˵һȥˡ
ףȥֵʱһ⹫Ϊѳ߲ˣǼʤ¾Ȼֻȥˣ
ûֱӷǼʵʲôѣ
ʤ¿ʼЩʤ䷳
бҪôϸ𣿡ʤԭش𣬵ڿףıԺ󣬻ǳϵҸȥ˿𣿡
ף˵ੲݵ˵֮ǰһֱ˵ʲôˣҽȥһԺŷ֣ϸģͲ˵Ǹӡҿ֮ǰ̫
ʤȻһУͻȻһƵһۡ
ŵؿף覣ƾʲôң
ף覶۾ľ㣡֪֪⹫ˣΪûгûȹ⹫Σյʱʲô㾹Ȼȥˣ𣿡
ʤ²ؿɫ˼֡
Ϣ˵Ҳ
ֻǲصؽгȥ־ü˾Ÿһ˾ȥˡ
˭뵽ͻôأ
˼룬Ų촽ʵ˹ˣ
-

551 ȱ

ʤµɫҰףֻҪάԼǰӶѣû˹ôΣա
˵ʱҲһֱǱСû˹Ļ˵Ͳ
ʤҲʼˣңҲǹġ
ҪǾ˹Ϊ˳ʲô£ףҵһưոݣף覸ݺݵؽѵ
ʤæסף覵֣ļµʵ覽㣬˹ļҽԺھȥȥǸ֪ˡԺ󶼲ˡ
ף覿һۣؽֳ˳ģͲһס˵ݿףҵĳ⹫ҿûΣգʲô£Ҹûꡣ
⹫Ҫ֮һ㼾ʤıãҲ׾ͿˡԷ
ʤһ㶣ؿ
ף覵Ļûаһˡ
ǻףҵʱǶЦӯӯġѵΪ̲ڣף覾۸
ʤµĵҲŭ֪ڲʱѹͷĲ˵覣֪ˣȥ˹һ档
ãף覿˵ԺøҷŰһ㣬ҷص飬еͷԣΪʲôˣҲֻ㣬Ż޴رƭ
ף˵Щתӣһˤš
¼ʤһվ⣬ļֺ¡
ͬʱޱգף覸Ͳ˽ƾʲôô˵
ף覻˵Լף覲Ǹˣ
ʤҪݣԼٱףһ裬һֻվǰš
һף覾ʰ·뿪ףҡ
ʤ¼ߺŸ߽ɳϺµشһ֣ȻȻվߵ绰̨߲ͨ˼ҵĵ绰
Ψһף˵ϻˣδ˻˵ף覣Ǳ嶼ԭøϽ̰æȻûӹˡ
ףٴλصҽԺʱؼѾˣֻʣƺףˡ
ףŵع˷ţƷʵ⹫ô
˵ûѣҽ˵ȶģ㲻õġ
ף覿Ųϵףȥ
ףĬĬ覣ǲʲôҪ˵
ף覵ͷĵҸղڼʤˡ
ˣƾȵȥĶˣ
ףѹĵ׻ûйȥŭ⹫ĳȥᡣ
ףһ㶣۵Ҳֳ˼ŭ⡣
ʤôôûзִ磿
ףպ޵͸˵ֵ岻ãҪôǲԣ
ʤǲ֪Ҳˣ֪ԼԺ󣬼ʤ»µһ£ͷɺˡ
ףĮǲԣ̵ĳͲ˿ˣʤ²ǲں˹ѡ
ŵǼˣʲô飬š
ԼʤòأΪðף÷ѡڼʤ¸ɳ飬νж˲
ֻЩõ˵飬дѪ׹ϵ˶˵ˡ
ףļ˵覣ģ⹫õԺһȥʤ̸̸
ףסԺĵڶ˹
ȿȿȡ
ΪƣףԺͿ
ſڴߵף覱ѣæ̧ͷ⹫
ףһۣɻôˣ
һϣˣĵһ
ףʵôܲ岻Ϊʲôң֪˵赹Ϣжൣ𣿡
ף³һ˵ģŲ㡣
ף覵۾˺죺ǲҼ޳ȥԺͲҵףҵˣ
˵ףֱ˵һӶףҵˣô׾ףң
ף覵ͷһΪףѹѹʵôûر
ףЦЦûһ˵⹫⹫ʲôءİɡ⹫Ϲͷûô
ףⷬʱӲˡ
Ÿѣ˵ʲôȥҽһ£
ʱȥ緹ƺףҲˣףˣ˶˲ѡ
ףߣף˵覣⹫ȥҽ
һҽˡ
򵥵ļҽ˵ѾȶˣֻҪúʱͿԳԺˡԺԺҪעһЩʳ˶Ҫ̫ĵ顣
ллҽףԽҽͳ˲
ף覸ףһˮʵҶˣγ⣬ǲǻһֱȥ
ףǿ
ף˵覣ϵÿ˶ϲǶµ顣㲻ôΪ⹫ġ⹫Щ飬֪⹫µʲô𣿡
ף覿ҡҡͷ֪
ף˵⹫µ飬⹫ߺܺúչԼ
ͷǣף覵˵⹫ûչ˺裬һֱ⹫ĵ׵ź⹫ֻϣ߲ܺһ·ֻҪԺһӺúõأ⹫Ҳ¡
ף覵Ҳҡ֪ĲңҲһĲĵ׶ǹĳʲô£һΪԼû㹻עһӡ
ף
һֱֻõĶ覣ûǰСŮһسˡ
ѾǸĺͱСҲѾĺͼǹԼ
ף۾һȦ˵ӣ͵˵Ҫһĺʹ
ˡףͷߢȥ۽ǵỨ˵Ժ⹫ʲô飬һڵһʱ㡣
ףҽԺףһϣף˵һûϢͰϻ˼ңҪȥϢ
ף覲ûȷ뿪ҽԺǻصףҵ·ȴһֻԤڼף塣
ףʤ»֪ףѾˣʱһ
ʤ¼ҴҵظϹȥţͼף÷վ⡣
̣ʤһ˵ף÷Ļһί˵̣Һ¡˹Ҫĳô죿
ף÷üżʤı˵²£ҵĹŮһñ۸㲻ɣڣʲô̰
ף÷ӵʤµĵ绰Ժ͵һʱϵ˽
֪μʤ·˴ҲǶĴףҵ۸ʤ£صʤ³ˡ
ʤף÷ô˵Ҳ˼ֵסףҵˣף˵зģڣǱҲܰô
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552 ףҶ

ףһݿľӵһ˵ģ
ף÷ף㶣һԼʤµϡ
ף覵۵Լֲֳף÷Ǽʤصذľȱ
ʤ¿һ㶣æվõ覽ˣ˹ôˣ
ף覴˹ȥ˵ѾΣˣʣµ鲻㵣ġ
ʤסֱ˵覽㣬һȥ˹αϾΪҲŷ⣬ҵʱ׵һЩͲнˡ
ף観˵òš㻹ȹܺԼɡ˲Զ룬Ժеͷԣ
ף÷һף̬ȶԼʤ˵ʱ˵òžòţʲôʱ⹫ֵһ˵ˣҲ⹫Ҳʤأ
˵Ťͷʤ£˵õģ̴ȥ˹ף覹ܲ㡣
ףһ㶣üͷ˲
ͷף÷˵̣ǿ⹫õķϲһֱ㡣⹫Ϊʤ²㷢⣬ȴΪ⹫룬һζ⹫ĵ𣿻˼Ҽȥ˼Ժ󣬾ԼǰҲףҵˣ
ף÷һ㶣ôãǵһαһѵ
˼ҹ߻ϣɫʱһӱˣҲô˵⹫ѵû̹ʲôϰ㲻ҼҼʤ£ѵң
ѾͷƬǷˣ
ʤ¼״æסף÷˵̣覽ˣҲȷ˴覽Żôҡ覽ûжġ
ףƳһۣʤ£Ҳ˵˵ûд˵ˣõ㲻£ҿ̱㻹Ҫ£
ǰǸӲûкⲻζǡ
ף÷ΪԼ
ף÷߳ŭؿָıǼֶòѽ㣬һëûĻëѾͷȻô˵ң⹫;˾˽̳ĺùǸףҶˣ
ףüͷһ壬̧־ͽף÷ָĿˡ
ϣ⹫ڻҽԺȴΪʤѣҪǸ¸صĳҲ̬ȶǺúԼǸʲô˰ɣ
˵ת˳ٸӶ졣
⹫סԺȥ֮ǰȰѼá
Ӷһۣóɱõļ˵һ£һҪ
˭֪ף÷ʱȴĵظ˹վסһû˵أ㾹Ȼ͸ܣ˭ˣվס
Ӷ˼˵˭ҳȥǵùͷû뵽˾Ȼˡ
ף÷ˣӶǸɴˢˢصͷ
ף÷øеǸɨǣһΪ㱻ףҽôܹ꣬úõ㣬û뵽㻹Ӷˣ
ף÷Ϊף覵ݲϲÿֻҪһ뵽ףף̼Ҵƿ;ףҰһ
ףǰʧͳڿסף覵ĴˣܲϽȥף
ף覵һҧҧûйȥף÷
һȺӶ˿վڳſڵף÷۵ǲ졣
Ƕ֪Сںľ飬ôרŰأ
ˣ˵Ҳôûзִ硣
ףһף÷ȻһѲ˵ʼнƬ
˭֪ף÷ûӦȻ䱾˵Ф⹫Ҫ֪ڼôͳǺúõҲᱻ
ʱף޿̣еĲ˵һ¿˲ʰϣһ졣
ף÷һؿ
㣬Ҫ
ףĲ˵⣬ͷף÷˵⹫ڻסԺҪ⹫һ䣬ҾͰףң
߹ļʤҲһ
ףһۣ֪Էף÷Ҳֲźãæף÷ߣ̣ȱˡ塣
ף÷һףĵҲ¶ӡ
Ȼżʤߵ˿ੲݵ˵ˣףҽĹﶼˣǸףҵ϶ˣ
ף˺üסûȥѵһ١
Ҫһʱ䣬ף覰ѼԺҲȥʤɴԼӡ
úһҺãѾܾûкúϢˣ˯һźȥҽԺչ⹫
ǵףԺȴûڿף÷ͼʤˡ
ЩɻȴҲûж룬Ӷ˰ҺõļװϣȥҽԺ
ףû뵽ǣһף÷ﴫ˳磬Ҿûôµ͸úúù̹ܽܽףˣ
ףüͷһ壬ǾȻҵҽԺˣȸ״
ף÷ڲߣһų˵ȥףңҪ˭֪Ǹף覵ƢȻôһʲôû˵أȳҷˣ˵ûһӣùܽ
-

553 Ǹ

ף÷䳰ȷףǸӴʱҾ˵㲻þרſ˵ɥǣף˵˵ģ㻹š
ףһۣһȫ˵ڵãô꣬û죬ˡͻᶥײ۸Ǽʤ¡Ҳɣ
ף屾Ͳãף÷һüͷҲɵ
ͳǵĺҲ˼֡
ף״Ϊף覱ҲΪֵһʱļҲҪ̫ˡᣬĵҲûҪײ㣬õ˼
ߣǸѾͷ᣿Ѿ˸ˣѵ֪ף÷͵ǰǣĹҪġҲһֱŻԽԽ޷죬Ҷˡ
ף÷ĻĴȫȻףһ˵ϡ
ףź촽ɫҲԽԽѿ
ǻᵹһңЩûһö
⹫Ϊˣ˿Ἶʤµ⣬ȴȫֵϣ
ǡ
ף覴ŰϵԽץԽָڶ󵽷ס
ʱһֻȵĴȴͻȻְǰŸ˽ȥǸˡ
ףһ㶣ŤͷһȻ
۵һƬɣȥ
ô
һֻĺ󱳣ƵĿһۡ
û£ء
߽˲ߵףĲǰ˵⹫һֱæ飬֪ˣˡ
ף÷ͼʤ¿ףˣɫһ䣬صͷû
ף÷Ϊող˵ף覵Ļײף覣һ󣬽ͷŤһߣһƲף覵ӡ
Ǽʤ¸ղſԾЩ΢ЩĶЩټϲӡ
ףһף観ڲ϶ʱͶһĨЦ
û£æӦõġ⣬ܸϻͺܺˣⲡûϵɣ
ЦôأҪѾˣģ˵飬ȻˡʣµС½˴С
˵Ťͷ˼ʤһۣȻЩɻʵ˵ΪС㷸˴ŵµģ
ʤµɫһ䣬û뵽һͻڻԼϡ
˵Ϊȥμʲôᣬ⹫ĳˣ⹫ûȹЦ
˵ƺף߲ѡ
ǻû˵ء
ʤµɫˢһףʱǸεؿף촽ɵؿʼ
ף÷ʱȴվʤ»ڶ飬Ǹӣϲˣӳȥʲôϡģ
ʤ±ף覺С˶١
ף÷üҵʲô˼
һѳȥ㺦˱ˣһײˣ˭ĹԶ׼ɣ˵覶ײΪܵףȥ𣿡
ף÷һҭɫѿ˵Ҷ˵˼ʤ»Ǹӣ˵ҲûȥףƣԼ£
ʶ¶ɲǻⶥײˣϰһͬҲͬΪϲˡһֱף覲Ϊʲô˼һԼһأ
ף÷ͿˣղЩĵΪף覲ߡ
Ҫ۸Ĺûôס
ڼʤ£ε飬Ҫεġ
ף÷һɾͼʤôһŮôüʤ¸أ
ף÷æߵףǰ˵磬Ƕһˣһôôأ
ףĬĬף÷ż˵ͿʤŮķϣԭһССĹʧɡʤ»ǸѧҪڽʵϰѽ
ۿҪʼʤµף÷æף˸ơ
ʱ־Լףһˡ
ӣ۵¶ֶף÷
ףʵڲף÷˺Ƥô˵Ҳֻ̾һ˵ˣȥɡҲҪץ覵Ĵˡ
ף÷ƲƲ죬Ȼףĺ仰Ǻ⡣
Ϊһ˵ףôˣ
ףѾӦ׷ʤµĴˣҲ˵ʲô
ȴ̧ɨ˼ʤһۣ˵ȻǸѧʵϰģҲѧϰãҪȥܣٴʲôʱ˿ûôԭ
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554 Լ˶ס

ף÷һ⻰;òԾһԵףߵǰʵʲô˼˵ǼʤǸǻ
ף覵ɷҲô˵ΨһŮ
ʲô˲
Ȼҵ˵ʤµĲǣҲ̫Լˣ
ףһûнĺֻᶥײĳĿ𳤣
ͷЦǻڣЩǲ䴳ġǰʤºúõؿڼѧУʵϰҪŲźá
ʤ㶣˼ؿҪҹ
Ҳ˵ôǺذĳʱѡ
үʲôֶΣȡֵݺ
Щ֪ôˣԷʲô
Ȼʤ°ڣüʤҲûš
ʱ˵ô㹴ʤµ˼ôȥ֪ʤ»ô
һʼͼʤµжסѸⶼɱҡ
ף÷ʱ޿̵ؽ磬Ůô˵ģȻҪҵʤ£ǲԼˣ
ߵǰһƿҵˣʲôʸףҵ飿ףҾʤԼңôôֵָ𣿡
ף÷Ʋף覣ȻҲϲζذ˵
ҪԸʤ£ôܲã
޲ðףŮȵȥأ
ʱףȴһ˵ҵǾ˵еʤ½Ҳȷˣ
ʤ¾ȵ壬Ϊʲôô˵
ף㱾ģͷ˳ȥʲôҪ֪ףҵĹﻹû䣬ͺһЩ岻˳ȥ棬Ҫ˵лģ
ףף¡
ҪǼʤֳһ飬ܱ֤ףܰȻضȹ´εΣա
˵ĻǹܹܼʤΪá
ڹסӣԺҲǲ鷳
ף÷һʱһ˸˵Ļ㲻۰ʤ¾ˣȻܻ㶮ʲôа
ף÷һף˴ͷΪףף˶ӦģףҲһֱ޿ֵӡ
˭˵˭
ȴû뵽Ѿ޳ȥô꣬ףҵ˺ʵûôˡ
ƢԽԽףҲͲǺˣǾǸһֱûкƽϡ
ף÷֮ǰΪͱˣɫҲڳ
ף˵ףһҷϽҲرʤµԣֻҪԺÿѧУְʵϰԺ׼ʱĩ֪һǻǻȥһߵġ
ʤίѣʲôʱͲĵ˳ȥˣ
ĽǽĵܵܣȥжĲף
Щһֱ˵òãûŪﲻã
ʤίؿףһۣסף÷ĸ첲˵̣ҲסףˣԭΪҲҵļңҲһжáôסףңǾȥɶˣ
˵ᶼҪһҺ˹飬ñˣҡҺαؼףأ
·ôǶԲˡ
ʤµȻҪף˵ЩȥԺһֱҪɵ
ҪףİڼǰѲ֪ôء
˵ں˵ǰ涼װģףҸûаԼˡ
ŲҪϱЦ
ҪʱΪԼȡһɵĻᣬ˵Ļһֱڼ
ʤ˵ʲôסףҵĻʵֻΪһֶΰˡ
ʱҪ뿪ףңȴԱ߻ˡ
ЩԼûʲôϵˣǲὲʲôġ
ڼʤ˵˲סףҵĻ»
ȻףҶ㲻ãȥҲͦõġ˵
ʤһ㶡
ףҹòģҲܺúʵϰʱɼãҪܵףףҵˡҪס棬ԴҶá
ĵûˣܽȥף˵һ¡
ף÷Ժ֪ҪףֶٴΡ
ףһϵףϣף϶Ҳİ
ǳǶƳȥúá
ף÷ڲ˲˵Ǻǰܹ
ףһһĶײų⣬ף÷޿̣
סͲסǼһܲһǮ˵žżʤߣﲻͣ³̱ĻԶײ磬Լ˾Ȼסˣǰסޣ
-

555 Һúչ

ף÷żʤߵڣǲˡ
ף÷߳һξ룬ȻҲûףҵ˳ǣ
ף÷ͷһۣʲô˼ͲԼˣ
ʱף˹ף÷һ֪ǲ㵡Լ
ȥĸôҲ㡣ף˵Ŵ߲ҽԺȥ
ʤһ㶣㵵ؿף
ҲҪԼߣ
̡ʤЩ񣬲ͣҡף÷ĸ첲
ڽûзӣѲҪȥס
ףҴףôӶźϴ·أ
ף߳һξ룬ֻͷߴٵĸôϣֲ𣿡
˼ǲ߶ҪǸˡ
ף÷汻ף̬ȸˣɫһ壬ҧ߾ߣ˭ϡƵģ
ף÷ͼʤ£ף覲Ƶǣߵ
ʵڼʱǲǳˣ
ף覵˵ͷ
㶣ҼǵǰҲô嶯ˣô͸˺Ƥأ
ף覵ҾǿǺ⹫Ժ󣬻һû˵ӡ˽컹ڼ⹫˵ҿ裬Ժ󻹻⹫
ֻҪһ뵽ǽڼ˵Щף覵ĵ׾Ǳһܡ
֪úܶ˶Ʋ˵Ǹûĺӡ
ף÷⹫
⹫;˾Ϊˣ˭ҪǺǣܷ˷ظƴ
Ҫ⹫û£ʤҪܹģ
һƢףףô˵üҲȾЩ⣺ô˵
ףԺףҵ˶ڲᣬףġ
ף÷ȻֱŮװʲôģҪףҵŸ
ףһֿףæŸ˳⹫Ҫ
ףɫ̧ͷ˵ף÷Ҳ̫ˣԺףңҲһ䣬ҿԽԽûһеˣ
ƵͷӦ֪ˣ֡
ףף覵ֱҲҪ̫ѹ˵ʲô⹫ĵԶǸŮ
ף˫ͨӣƲףҲģ˸ˮɰף˳ȥ
ˮϣļοİɣ⹫˵ˣû˻ٹ̵ġ
ٲЩԼʹˣƫףҾ̯һôأ
ڱϸףˮ
ĵɾʹƻϻһƤƤú档
ү
һ٣⹫ʲô𣿡
ף۵͸ƣɫ
⹫лֱ˵ף׵ˣʲôܰϵģһ
ףӦңҺúչ
һ㶣⹫ôͻȻ˵ôĻ
ףһҵԼǽҼһˣ´λָͱ۾
򴽲ĵҲͣ
˽Ǹӵģ̫ˣҪʧȥʲôˣ˵Ĵܴ󡣡
ͷ֪
ףֻεף覾ͱֵôˣҪһ徣뵽ףʱ޲˵ӡ
ףǸʱϣ㲻ʲôⶼʱúõ߹һ·𣿾͵˼ˡ
ףҲ֪ԼҪ˽˵ǺܲҲûб˿԰ˡ
ھף観Լ׵ˣףǰοҲֻˡ
һĬãˮŻƻϵһƬƤ
һúչ覣ҲҪҴӦͿԷĵߣ覵ƢʵǽöЩʱ䣬ٺúõؿС
ףЦЦһᾡЩʱ䣬űġ
Ƭƻ˹ȥԵ㡣
ףҽԺסʮ죬ҽ۲ԺԺ
ףصףҵͷ죬ףصظҴ˸к˵Ҫףչ⹫һʱ䣬潨ҵҲͬˡ
ʱʤʹףȥˡ
˵뿪ףҵĵڶ죬ף÷ڽʤһ¸ǵլ֮ǰ＾ʤºһŵġ
ȫź֮һף÷ܵףףҫ˵Ҳǵ㶫ȥԺ󣬼ʤ·סĸˡ
ףøֱִ˳ﳤȥ
-

556 Ǽ

ʤԴӰףԺ󣬾ͼףҵ˶ϵ
Ϊףֵ̫ÿ֮ǰߵʱһΰߵģ֮ŶûһΡ
ףҲغҵع졣
ϣСȥʤѧУı񣬾Ϳʤ´Ļ֦չشһ
ϵʶ֮ǰйһ֮Ե
ʤЦллһҽʵ̫æˣ´лһɡ
ףԺû
Դ֪Ϊһȥȥűף۸һֱڰ
ʱչ˿˵΢ʤԽԽף˵ЩйصĻˡ
һ᣺Ҫ´ˣɡ
ʤһ㶣죿
˵첻㲻ʵϰӦпհɣ
ʤµͷ쵹пգҪҸȥʲô
˫ֲڶ˵ʯи칦磬˶ѹȥһûŮ飬һȥɡ
ʤ²Ļ́ͷЦӻûŮ飿
Ҫ˵ҲУЩŮȵׯʹˣǰʮȲһ
ʤ±ĻÿֱЦˡ
طҶˣھӢƵꡣ
ʤûôԥʹӦˣǺðɣҡ
һлĶ
ת˳ﳤȥ
˾үͦ氡
мЦЦŮƭˣ΢ϵģ;Լʮ㡣Ұƭ֣ףҾǿڼҵϣҲøһʯ⡣
ҪΪףﲻ֣ף̫ƭôô弾ʤ¡
ıȲף覣Ӿ͸Ȳˡ
ȼһ̵ǰ̨Ǹհ׵ŮҿϾͰйɡ
˾ЦЦүֻŮ˰µˣ
³һڰʲô켾ʤ¸һȥ˾Ƶ꣬ӾܻĸŮˣ
㼾ʤôãɲҪʲôƭĵϷҪľǼʤ׸ɾӣ
ף׼ĺϷںͷأ
ʤ£
СÿʤҪŽݣæԺǽ߳ס
ʤԴһСһȥȴܾԺ󣬾һֱ׽
ˣҲֻһʲô
СôӲóֽ粻ڣѧУϡ
ʤ½ӹȥ˷֪ˣлл
ȵȡ
ʤ·Կףͷʵʲô£
С֧һСʵǲҪһȥƵ갡
ʤü͵˵
СæֵҾǹʱǡˣû䡣
ʤ´һۣôҲһȥ
СþǸ³ñܶ鶼ѾˣȥƵһ浹Ҳ֡
Сҡͷû˼ҾǾá
С˵˵Ҫ˳ȥȫ
ССؿ˼ʤһۣƵǵֵطȥ˲ôŮȥĻ׳Կġ
Ҳʤ˵ЩϾ֮ĹϵҲرá
ֻǶһʵϰŮҪǼʤʲô飬ԼҲȥ
Լܻüʤ²ˣСûײŵһ¡
Ǽʤǰǰ˵ôһλȻҪ˵ԼĻ죬ĵ׶ʱһɻ
ʤЦһѲɾֳҵˣ
С˵⣬֮Ĳޡ
ʤߵСǰѹ˵ҿǼܸôõ˽ɣ
Сں˵ʲô
ʲôʱ򼵶ʹʤˣ
ʤСóµһǣһ·ҪϸˣȻֺһֱͼҺ㲻һ
Сһ㶣㡭
ʤ½ͷ˵ǼҽĴС㣬ֶҺõ˶ȥˣҲûˣŻһöǶұͼ
ʤ˵Ժ󣬾Ϳ߽
Ϊ˱СõĲŶˤϵġ
Сվ˺һŻعʤ»Ҳû뵽Ȼô׶ĶԼ
ʤ¾ǰȥ˵Ľ飬Ǻĵ¿ηΡ
ѵҲˣʤԼҲֲԺʤ¾รɡ
-

557 Ȧ

һ磬ף覻·ȥ˾ӢƵꡣ
绰˵һۻᣬȥĶǼʶѡ
ף֪ƻף϶ҪʶһЩµ־ۻһȥҲһʶЩˡ
һ³ף覾ھƵſڼ
ֲڶ³ף֣¶
ףСٳ˹ȥȺܾ𣿡
§ߣûУҲŸյ
ףвصǰʵһʲôҪע𣿡
ЦЦôã˭㶼ϲġ
߽һԵĸ䣬ٽǰף覺ȻһϤҾƵ꿴
ʤ¾󣬸һ߽˾Ƶ
ףһ㶣̧ͷһۡ
ڵĹϵѾô
ſվһʤҲܿ쿴ǡ
һɰҲ
ףƳһˣ鲻Ǻ
ڣʤ¾˵ǲҪ˵ǸˣҲҪ
ף覺촽һ
ʤ½һ䣬Ѿסףˣòң˭һԼ顣
ףĻһЦ㰮˭Լ飬ͲˣֻԺԼ˿࣬ףǿ޾УΪһҲܡʲôʲôԼѡġ
ʤ²˭ϡǹң
ļ򣺡ļʶôǳһƽˡ
˵ף覽˸䣬һڵļʤվ
ЦЦʤ£ûµġϲϲңһ㶼ںʶҾС
ʤͷ֪㲻˵
ߵЦ

ףһ䣬ͼĸߵˡ
ǵͶ£ҲǱá
ǶǸ־ˣȻһЩǮǵ۽㣬Ӵһ˸ϲϵĵط
һļϣһˡ
ҪʣͷǸһ졣
һ˿ھ͵һֱ˵үиò绨ɩˣԲ١
ףޡ
һվԽϵĺƺͰ׾ƣȻһȲףǰıӵϡ
ɩ˾ͺȲɣŮȾƲáү˵Ҳ
׵ţǲܺȾơ
ף覵ͷЦЦԴһƷԺͶȾƵܿصޱϸ
Ｘ˵˵ЦЦޱǢ
һߣĸһĶһȺֵˡ
ȻҲһŮˣǶ붼ɦŪ˵ģһ֪
ͼʤˣһͷվ͹ƵٴŮˣ
ʤµڵһ죬æŵؽ͵Ҳǣֻѡ
Щ˶һ簲ŵģЦЦ·𲢲ЦǲЩ֣ҲϷˣƤ
ǸͷŤͷͶԼʤµٿɺٴŮֳϣϴ϶ϲ㣬ҪҵĶٷ˵İɣ
ʤתͷȥƺѯ˼
ͷһЦǶԼСĽǼСδܿһˡ
ʤµ͵Ȼ£
ͷһα˵ô˵ʾ
΢ĺãʤ˵Ķǲܵġ
ȴûҪ̸˼˵仰
ϲԵûеĻٸˣֱת˻⡣
ʤڨڨЦˣͺܺá
ͷָʤǰľƱ˾ƣСһθǼ棬ǲҪһ˾һ
ʤ㶣ҲȾơ
ͷһ̧ͷ٣С㲻ذƽʱ칦磬˿ɶҪһȦġʯȥһʣСⲻǸɨ˵𣿡
ʤôǵľϻֹء
뵽ղǰ˵ϲԼ飬ʤ¶ʱ־ôӡ
վǱ˵ˣҲϤǵĹأҸһȾǡ
ͷ̰ľƱ˹ȥСȻŮкܣȣ
ʤͷѱľһȥͷһĨЦͷȾƵʱĵؾ͸ʹ˸
ϵľƿһۣʱվҲһһɡ
СþҾ㰡
-

558 ʧ

ʤ±һȺ˹ŲͣغȾƣĵԼе㲻Ծ˵֡
ҲԼᱻǰ˹һ룬Լ߱Լʲô
һľƣЩƯõĻʤҲͺԥضͷȥ
Ҫ˶֪ʱףǿˡ
Щˣɶڿء
ƺ˴룬ָ˺һȻļ򣬵ͷ˵ʤ£û°ɣ
ʤºȵκģֻСͨ죺Щˡ
һȺ˵߶˼ʤµϣЦͷ˵ǲ磬ȥϢɣ
ʤһң㻹һؼҰɡ֪ҼסĶ
һ㶣ݶ˻Ҫؼңǳصģ
̧ͷбĹͷʹ˸񣬹ͷʲôӶͳһƬҩƬ
ͷٳһŽֱϵİ׾ƱһҩƬڱʧӰ١
ϵ˶һĻ˭ûгһϷؿļʤ¡
ȻҪŮϴˣǵ˶ٵУǸɶˣôڽ컵ٵĺ£
ͷƱߵʤߵСҪˣǰⱭˮ߰ɡ
ʤԺغھȻǺ
ǡȿȿȡʤüǰ׾ơ
ͷһŵѽ㿴ңȶ˶ǲˡ
ʤµͷԽԽκûѻ뾹Ȼֱӵļϡ
ЦЦ޼ɵ˼ʤµӣƤͦϸۡ
ͷһɫе˵ֵһ˰
ˣżʤµ°˵ȲǸױ㣬ҵĺôɩ
Ҫ˵ף覵βһأûҵóڶӮġ
Ҫһ֣˵ף覾ˡ
ϧǸŮѾ޸Ҳû˻ᡣû˯ף覣һֱޱȿϧ
ʤҲɫҲʤһŮˡ
ҪɾŮ˯ɱ˯Щʻ˼ˡ
˶ǻ¶һЦ
żʤվҾȴ¥ˣǳԺúȺáѾˣߡ
ͷЦеٽŮ棬һ컹ء
żʤ߳˸䣬ھӢƵ꿪õģ¥Ϳֱס
żʤ߽¥ֱӰ˶˴ϡ
żʤ¼ϥȹӣĴ޼ɵؾʹСȥ
治
ĺ˳ź򴲱ߵʱͽ⿪ԼƤŴϵŮѹȥ

ף観극󣬾͸һ뿪˾ӢƵꡣ
ſڵʱļµĺ黹˱
ɩټ
ɩ´лүһȥҼ͡
ף΢ЦŸǰ˰֣ټ
ȴҶߵòˣҲף˳š
ϳ
ף۽ǵƳĳǻûߣ
ǽٷѾǳ˺ܾˣȻǻã
ΪǸЩ߰˺ȾƣʱһȾһ졣ûʲôֵġ
ף覵ͷתʱĳӡ
ҹ
ʤھƵ¥ϵķ
һ;ûʹĹͷɢ˼һܣоֵ֮ʹ
ʤԺۣľǾƵ컨ŵİ׳ơ
ͷ۵ƶӵʱŷԼһ·ûд

ʤ¾ִУæץӽԼڴβĵذϷԼ·ʱȴȥ
ΪڴϿһˡ

ڼʤµߣű۰Ҳһ˿ҡ
ʤµĽѣüͷʲôôˣ
ʤ»ؿ㣬ңǡ
ʤһ仰û˵꣬ˮ˳
һŮҪľٺڣȴһκԺʧȥˣ
㶣˼ӲŻع
ŵôһŴϣ
ʤ½ǰ·ҭҭؿ
һǸ׵Ĺڷ飬Ҫô죿
Ҳãȶ˵͡
żʤµ飬ֻ֪ޣȴûһ㻳ɵԼͷϣббعǡ
ʤ¿޵ԽҪ֪˻û˴ô죿
-

559 һ㸺

ֺȻס˼ʤµļ򣬰οͱˣѾҵŮˣʲôá
ʤ¿޿û꣬ǾԼãҲڽ֮ǰͺ
ѾˣҪ϶°뱲ӾͲˡ
ֻһûʲôµŮˣôܲ¡
ʤ£һֱϲ㣬֪ġȻ֮䷢˹ϵǾͽɣһ㸺𡣡
ֱضһ˵֣µӡ
ʤ㶣˵ģ𣿡
ҵȻ˵ԴҲûĸȥܺٽ飬Ѿһܲѡˡ
˹ϵִӦȢԼѾܿõĽ
˵ĵȻġģҾףȥкģ֮ȥǼס
ʤµʱһ㶣ףң
֮ǰѾףֳˣҪΪصףȥҪףҵ˶Ц
뵽ףǸԼӣ
˵Ҳǲڽ𣬹ȥҲͦԶġףҵڽ׵ˣȥףҴкҲԿܲһӲףɣ
ô󹦷üʤ±ɵԼŮˣҪףӦԼĺò׼ƻɹһ룬Ҳ˹ˣȻҪףȥ
ɲżʤ¡
ĺϢԺȥף˵һҹȥףңòã
ʤεص˵ͷǡ
ɣʵʲô
ʤ¾ڻѧУʵϰҪ飬ҡ
ü˵ʲô鰡Ů˶ôʲôãֱӸҽˡԺ㣬Ӳ𣿡
ʤ㶣Լ
뵽ҵļҲƣʤ¶ԼĵǶʱΪӰ
ôǮҪԼǼ򵥵
Լ޹ȥԺֻҪõ̫͹ˡ
ʤ̧ͷӦҵģɲ˵㻰
ͷ˵Ȼˣôƭء
ڶ켾ʤ±ͻԼң㶼˵Ժʹ绰ңһȥף˵׵ġ
ʤ»صæҵطף÷˸绰
·ߵĵ绰ͤˣֻһС̽򣬻һëǮĵ绰ѡ
绰һͨʤ¾żæŵذ鶼ף÷
ƵûҶ˵ֻ˵֮Ѿ˹ϵһԵϰŹӣɨһۡ
ʤܾԼﶼų
绰ף÷еôôزסԼ
ʤһȥ˵̣ӦҽġֻҪҲӦ¶ܱѹҾ˳ؼ޽ˡ
ף÷ĴӦˣ
ʤ˵ӦˣǼ̫Զ˵ҪȥףҴк
ף÷ʱмֲˣôҪȥףң
ȻҲڽԶ˵㣬ǵһ˫棬ôȥ׵ļأ֪ĻΪףҪŮء
ʤ˵̣ףҵŲǲϲʱһ˵ҵĻ£ʱҲһ˵°ɡ
뵽ףЩ˴ǰ̬ȣʤǻԼǰҸ
ôαҪ̳ˡ
ף÷һӦģôôܲ㣡
ʤ¹˵绰ͷſС̵ϰһֱͲڿһˡ
ʤµͷҴ뿪
绰ĵڶ죬ף÷ʹҴҵظ˽
ֱȥףң˵Ԥ̸µ飬ףƶĻһ
ףͳӣʵʤºʶãôͻȻҪ̸£
ǺܿҵǸӣף覵Ҳġ
ҽףҲһֱûʲôãҪǸҵĶӳϹϵףͲˡ
Ҫ˵ףҾû˿Ϲ
Ǹʤȴô£ףֲԺתͷȻҪ̸ۼˡ
ǸɵòǱƭ˰ɣ
ף÷˵磬¹ʶ˶ãڸҪã㶨ãҹζࡣ
ףŤͷһԣѾˡ
ף÷˵ģҲף覲ġ
ףЦЦ֮ǰ˵ףЩӻɶû
ף÷ʵǸӶ£˵Ҫк־ü̫Զ˵׵ĵطףңҲġ
-

560 

ף̧ͷΪʲôҪף˵ʤµ£
ļʤµ£ףҲǺ
ף÷˵˵ףҸ𣿡
ףüššղŻʤµĸܺã˵¡ںδϱˣɲһż˾Ͱѵطڱ˼ҡ
طףңҪǾüʤ²ҪҪǿ
ף÷㶣ȻЩûֹǲǲ𡭡
ףɨһۣٲҲϽ͡
ǽĴ£ھͿʼԺӵʲô̶ȣ
ףɵ֮ǲǳʲôˣʵ˵ʤºΪʲôôż飿
ף÷˸ʵУòҪġ
֮ǰףͲףЩ˶һ
Ҫ֪ʤѾ˯ˣ϶ŭӲ¡ף÷ٰף
ףһףƣҲһŵӡ
ͻȻҪ飬¶Ρ
ͱ˵ôˣֻҪ㻹ҵһˣطͶףң˼Ҿͻסô꣬Ȼϴεֵò̫ÿҲʤ»¶ҪΪҰɡ
ףĬĬϲ̫ˡ
ף÷Ҫף̸ʤµĻ²ʲô飬ӲˣҲһӾ͸û
ʱҲܿ׵ʱʲô̬ȡ
ף˼һҪף˵û⣬ҳ˵ǰͷ׮³ɻ߲ɣǼҸʤµ飬Ҫǣף
ף÷һ˿ڣ˵û⣡
ڶһ磬ף覻ڼʱͽӵףҵĵ绰
ףؼһˣٴ
ףȻ֪ʲô£һİţп𣿡
ϱֽ£
ףʼ磺ǻȥһˣҲû˵ʲô¡ֻ˵пյĻȥ
򴽣ףƽʱ鷳㣬ר̴绰ӦͦҪ顣ȹȥɡ
š
ף覻صףҡ
ʱ磬ףҵҲųԹ緹
ף覽źһɳף÷ͼʤ£ɫɱ˱䡣
ǸǳˣҲײܶԱͻ
Ȼֱ˽һ˭Ҳû˵
ף÷ƲƲ죬תһԣҲܿף覵
ף˾ˣʲôǹ
Ȼشɳϣһ§ĶʤµͷʲôҲ˵۵͸ֶ˵Ĳϲ
ףĲ豭ǼʤҪˣҪףҵĵطס
飿
ף覱ףͻȻϢһ
ôͻȻ
ǰ켾ʤ²ŸȥԷҲǶôܵĹϵת۾ȻҪˣ
УӦȥײŶԡ
ף覵ļңֲǼʤµļҡ
ף÷ְԼɸ˵һ飬˭Ժ߾Ȼ˼ֳЦ⡣
һͲš
ߴӼʤµɨòǱǸҵĵܸܵƭϴ˰ɣ
ҪȻôż飬ף׵ҪܴӦ
ֶǸƭ˵ŮûʮҲа˸岻ϴŮ˾͹ҩˡ
ԼʤҲ֡
ף̧ͷҵˣһʲôҪ̸£Ҳó˵˵
ЦЦǵȻ
һ˳
Ӷ˽Ҷүˡ
˳վףǰ졣
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562 Ҫȥ

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Ѿˣ޸Ժûָˣ
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566 Ҿ

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568 

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ĸھָǸʯǮԺǺӹ潨ҵҪⶼ֣ڶǵĺ·
ӳԱֵ˳һ㣬ȴܵͷ
ֻץסףұĹϵԺܸǣ
潨ҵһУӳ죬ҲҵӣĻɲһȥף
֣
ӳ첻ĵ̧ͷ
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ʲôʱ潨ҵܲ£
潨ҵŭ㵽ȥȥ
ӳ칣ŲӵȥףһݺͬϸǩѹûǵԼˣǼֲҲϱҪⶼһǼΪʲôҪȢ
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572 ӳ˺

ֻǰݹɶϱĺӳһǿӲطҪ潨ҵǵͻͻ
Ҫ𣿡
ӳղҲһʱŭͷڻѾ˵ˣҲղȥ
ӳɴƹˤûҲˣ
˵ӣҪȥĻ£ʱôû
ӳЦһԼжĲ޶˵˳
̳мҵʱʲôôҲģȴòչˡҪҵӣͲôˣ
֪ԼСλϲ̨档
潨ҵҪ˿Ҳûʲô˵ģ潨ҵԴԼĺӾǲУ
ΪԼĶӿǣԼΪδ
ǲҪףǩһݺͬ潨ҵҪָֻţԺǻԼıķݶ
ӳֻ˷߷߲ƽ磽Լеŭȴûע⵽үӿĿҲһرʧ
ô֪ԼûΪ㣿
ҵĴӣҲôҵˡ
ҪǲҵŲᰴЩҪԴ
ӳֻԴȴ֪ڸ̳еļҵ֮⻹׼һز⡣
ЩȻȲ̳еļҵҲ㹻ĸʳǵع°뱲ӣֻ׼ԼߵʱóЩһֱûи˵ˡ
ںӳ̱ȴԼ׼Щȫġ
ѹͲ䣡
ӳԼǿˣûĿǣֻԼΪԼ㣡鲻ôҷǵҪףǩ˺ͬܵͷ
潨ҵٸһλᣬҪô𣿡
ӳͦţû飬
潨ҵС
ӳµؿֻʲôҪ˵ģ
潨ҵȻĸҲǵ⣬κε飬ҲңҲֲ֪Тˣ
潨ҵĻ˵˾ҪĸӶϳȥˡ
ӳ㶣ЦҪߣͲ÷ôĹ򣬷ôҲûסＸ죬벻뿪Ҷ˵Ҳû𣡡
ôȻһֱűҵķˣΪҲٳ񣬵û潨ҵɹ
ƽʱǺԴһסͷ
潨ҵҲҪ˲ŻὫлס죬Щʲӵ꣬ԼڼסĻ˵һ䡣
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ȻѾ˺ˣʲôµģͶף
ӳһ;ͻǰףʵ㣬ͲźˣԺ˭ٳЩ鷳¾˭ȥҷǲٰˣ
ԼǸˣĶӲǲףǸסһ治֪һͷʲôɽģ
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Ǹͷѹô꣬ڰеĻ˵ˣǺòʹ죡
ȢףŮˣҲʱ䳤̵ѡ
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ټԴЩҲ°뱲ʳˡ
ԺŲȥźǸϲĶ
ӳ첻֪ǡΪһʱŭͷԼô̻潨ҵ׼Ķ
ʱ⼫ˣȫȻ֪ԼʱһС󡭡
ף覺ȥҽҩԺͻˡ
ŵʱףǡӶԺ˵ҿүòء
ǰû뵽ӳүǰװôĹ˳Ȼڽ챬ˡŮ˿
ӶԺ˽˿ûע⵽ףѾˡ
ͷСλװһʱװһӣ󻹲̲ȥˣ
ףǰӳˣ
Ӷһٷˡ
ǻأش𣿡
ӶæӳڿﻹүӳһܣͦġүӰǶ֧ˣԶ峳ʲô
ֻӶˣʲôҲ˵ʱװˡ
ף覿һۣүү첻ҪȥҽҪ֧һϣøӳ顣
Ӷ˵ĻȻĵĲǺ죬ӳ챬ˡ
-

573 հԶ

ף覽Ժûи潨ҵʺӳ顣
⽫Լ֧Ȼǲ֪飬żȻ֪Ҳʡ
ӳ뿪Ժ͸˸绰ǧҪһȰףҸˡ
潨ҵ˺ʯĸ̣ʲôܻѹ׵һơ
ĲɵӦ˼͹˵绰֮Ҳ֪ʲôȥˡ
һ
˫ֳϣϳɫëߡ
үģĵضҪ˯ȴҪף覴ëߣ
Ĵ˸ǷףٿȻ̧ͷ
һ˫ˮ۾
һ·Ǯף覾ҪΪΪǵĺ֯һë¡
ĵ׼үȻ
鲻˫һͬļͥԲ
ףЦЦͿˣ֯ëˡ
Ȼ֪ӻʲôӣȴǰ򵥵Ϊ
Ϊ֯ë£СñӣΪһ飬񵱳ĸ
ף̧ͷһۣСʳĵ׵⣺磬ϲкŮ
ûеĶӵϲŮϣк
ףһ㶣Ϊʲô
үҪӣһ̥кڶ̥ûʲôѹ
ȻǲںŮģһȴô롣
ףǸŮˣүҲˡ
ʱүӿ϶ڶ̥¶˵ѹ
ǼѪĴУǻڰĻɵĴУϣӱһи۵顣
ףŵô֪һڶ̥
᣺Ҫ㲻𣿡
ף覺һ̥ûأ˵ڶ̥顣Ҳ̫Զˡ
үЦЦиհԶ
ףҲЦǷͬһĸհԶ潨ҵҲûԶز
ʱȻ˽ŵؿһۣүЩҪ˵
ĬĬ̧ͷףһۡ
֮ǰרȥ飬Ӧнչˡ
ףڻˣŲ̫ࡣ
ϵ¶ҳȥһˡ
ףһ㶣ʲôҪĴˣ
ͷûУһЩϵ飬Ҵͻ
˴ţʵʲô£
Ĳʯȷʵ⣬֮ǰΪȫĲλʯһɽЩ档
üͷٿȻһš
㺦ˣ
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أ
˵Щ˺Щ⳥ǶͻϼȥˣŽ˽ᡣ
ΪЩ˶ˣŶ˼Ĺ
üͷһ壬Һ˲ǲʯɽ⣬ǿпɺΣգҪʯͱÿɷַҪܴһǮȥӹ̿Χɽ壬һܻرˡ
ǵһϲʯˣΪҼ;òܻرԺüǸط󶼷Ǹʯ
ɻҲ֪ʲô취õ˿֤Ƿȴһֱûãŷ˰ȥ顣ǣǳ⣬ʯҲûκεļӹ̴ʩ
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һѹҪףҵǩͬԭǲʯİȫʩλ׳¹ʡ
ףߣҪף
һףҸǺȥ׮⣬͵Ժʯ⣬ףЩҲܽѹ
ҪףҵԼĵƣ
ʵү˵ҪҪүӣ
潨ҵѾͺӳˣҪ֪飬ĸԺͳ׶˺·
Ծү˵һ׮°
ĬĬүȻһȰԭίתףң˽ࡣһ֪ԼƱңҲвףҡףҲеһЩ
ףҶЩˣԽԽױˣåõ°ܡ
֪Ժ󣬼ʤҲͱQˡ
ЩϧȰүӶǸ
үΪʲôôѣΪĸ˾үλáڲʳʱ
ļҪʱһү̸ȥףһ˰ɡ
ǲԺӳĸֻ֣ûʱ
ʯԴҲûʲô£ϴεҲѾˣүҲûʲôá
ץǵβͣпñƼ˵ĺӳҧһڡֵ
ֻ׵ǡ
-

574 Ƕ

û뵽ǣһʱͺӳǻͻԷȴˡ
磬ŸףңŭĳҵĴš

һڲڳԷ˾ʹе۵׳޵ŭ
ףһ㶣Ҩһ׶
ףݵؿһۣôˣ
ôһҪ鷳ģ
ֱû¡
潨ҵҲǲؿŴˣ֮ǰӳ첻ǶԼֳˣôͻͻţ
үƿµվ˫ִ㶵￴ʵ£
£
Լʲô֪Ȼװһνӣ
̧־ƷԵӣһֻƼ˵Ĺһ͵ͷҪôҹȥ𣿡
ɨһָۣʲôҲס
Ѿŭ죬үǰҲûһ
ľԶӣһѾ죬ǲʯ鶶ףҵģǲǣ
ףһ㶣ʯ飿
ǲ֮ǰҪ;˾𣬻кô֪
ϷһĨЦ⡣
̵벻ϣ˲ȥףңûף̸ʯˣ˵ûйϵ
ףͶ⣬Ҳǽżʤµǿ˩סף
ףѾ֪࣬͸ܺˡ
ףв˵ԼǩͬͻѲʯȫȥ
ʱ˵ǺףɣҪ˺Ҳˡ
ָʯܸһ̣ĹϵˣҪϾɱ
潨ҵüȾЩ⣬ʯ黹Ļ
ӳĸӵ׻Լʲô
ŭɶͷҪҵһк·Լ̳ңҲԼŮˣ㻹ʲô֪ģΪʲôҪұһ·
Ǯɱ˸ĸΪ͵ͬҪ
Խǿǰ·ԽǶ˿۵ףûǰ·ߡ
ۿѵԾĹҪûʲô⣬ΪʲôҪҰ鶶ףң
˻µ˲Ż飬ߵ춼Լȡ
˼ҵ鷳úǲʯƺ󣬱һĳˣڶ
ò£
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ķӦ죬һͶ㿪Ĺ
ǯסһšһϥϣֱӾͽƷڵء
ۣɿɿ
۵ùڵϺشУѵˣȴ˺ݺݵؽѵһ١
潨ҵ״۵׸˼ֶ
һʣ̫ˡ
ֵ֮ĺֹһǰ㣿
ȲϣҲҲ֣
۾㱾Ҳܵǰ𣿡
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һŽǰŵ߿Ҫǲﱻѵ̫ѿͳҹңﲻõĵط
Ҫף覻źӣ¶ǰѪһ趼ʶ
ؿҼˣһһˣ
ǣǸ𣿡
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ǰһԺ󣬾ռҵλãóԺúȵرô꣬㲻һǸһ޳ɵķôƭŮ˵ֶΣ㻹ѧЩʲôõóֵĶ
Ĳ䲻ͣռһҶүͷҪǽһͨ˼ңڵĵλò
·˵ĵģݵ£һ˫۾ͨ졣
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뿪ңһƴûжΪ˱ľүףŮһֱߡ
ôûлҲһڵ޸
ƾʲôô
Ǽʣʵķ裡
Ѿһؼ̳˼ҵʣôһԼɫˣΪʲôҪѹţ
űһŵĶӣҧʯôǶҪŲţʲôʱɹŰɣҳͷˣǶùǰңң
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Ӷ˽ŵվһԿүƢԽˡ
ڶûгϢҪʲôʱͷأΪү/
ǿţ߳ŭʲô
Ӷæ˵һԣĵٽһǳ˻ҩ
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575 ʯ̮

ߺ潨ҵŶʵʯﵽ׻ʲô£
ղŭҪ˵ӣԲһС¡
ףҲߣ˫һգգؿǲʲô
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ͷĲʯ֮ǰȫ¹ʣ˸ȥˡȻƽϢˣȫûųҲףҵ˶ѡ黵Ψһεĺűܻ
ף¶ıңǸͬĸĵܵܣȻҪȱףҵ档ԣѡûκεΡ
ףܸԼ˵ףû£ԭһֱڱĬĬعעͰǡ
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ˡ
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ûãף覶ĺӾ´ˡ
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ף覿һ㶼ûҪƫӵӣҽԺʱǶǹЦġ
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ϳŻûüϣһӾͣǵĳǰҴҵشӳܵǰ˵үˣ
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ըʯʱⳡ¹ʾͲһܱȵˣ
үȥһ˲ʯɣǱѾҳһˡûһ˹ȥס棬ٹҪֵȥˡ
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576 ҶĶ

ףʯף³ԺĶΧľԮͰ
Ѿ֮ǰϵˣף覻üͣڿľȻҽԱһЩѪ̧ϳֻæһط
ߵο̮˵Ǵмĵطʼݣ鷢ʱΧӳ˼ҲЩ˺ľȱ˵ڿﱻٻʮˡ
ΧЩͷرܵĹˣʵһжٸˣ
ͷ˵һٶʮأ
ҽأ
˵˵ȥҽԺʮˣʣµ˹˶ڿһԮԱ
ףüͷһ壬ֳʣµ˶ֻʮҽҲֻвʮˡ
ʣµģ
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ϰǾоҲá
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˵չͷ˵ģռܴûΪɽ廬ȫ̮Ӧûܲ˵ġԮÿ죬лĻᡣ
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ô찡
ףüͷһ壬ӳ㲻һˣǸְĸס
뵽ԼҪΪĸӳӷףĵױЩƵġ
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577 ں

ʱȻ˵׼׼¿ˡ
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һֱֻվھүһߣֻҪΪүõȥվڱ˵ĽǶʲôˡ
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ӳĸӵ˾үһУҪǲ֣Ҳ˳
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Ҫ׶ô˵㻻ʲôתš
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Ȼ˽󳡣Ǵǰıֽ˽Ҳ֪ӲŸոձжݵΣգȥ
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Ԯӳٳûܿټ˹ﻹжĹһЩ˾˿ӡ
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580 Ҳ

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582 һȥ

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ôҲ⣬һ죬ԳԵʵûô
潨ҵüүүģȻȥһҽԺչҪʵڷĲʱҾԲ㡣
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583 󣬻

ף潨ҵı֤ŵͷӦȥ
һﲢûô˯ţԺ﷭ȥͷϴѪӿ߳ʱӡ
ʱף룬ҪĳˣҪô죿
ûǵĺӣµԺֻԼһ߹һ·
ʮ꿪ʼѧϰ̣ʱͽԼ滮
һойأҪһȥѡ·ΪһŮˡ
·ܿҲϹ鷳ˡ
Ҫһ죬ء
ָ֮ôȥ
ʲô̬šָôȥ
ף̫̫࣬ȥ˯žȻͻȻ֣ԶûԼΪǿ
Ϊôһ֧ڣżߵ˽졣
Ҳһ̣ƶԼҪվһ
ڻǽʲôԲֿ
ףһֱڴϵ콫˯ţֻǲϢ˶̶СʱԺ׼ȥҽԺ
һ¥ף覾Ϳ潨ҵߺ࣬潨ҵƳһۣȦôأûúϢɣ
ףЩεصͷ
潨ҵֱһ೯˹ȥȥҽԺ
ףѸٺֽ࣬Ӷ˴һݣ˾ȥҽԺ
ףߺ潨ҵŷӣɾӶ˵绰Դл
Ӷһ㶣үû䣬ǳ鲻
ѵҵô潨ҵ˽Ҫˣ
Ӷ˲ؿ潨ҵڹϻҪԴлүεʲôҪҪ
˯һҹ󻺻۾
ΪһҹĻ˯ٹʣΧľЩİֱܷǲ
ף覵Ͱ˵ȥ죬֮ҲҪǵøʲôҪҲ㡣ʲô
ǡ
䣬ף覾һº˽
ˣף覵۵׶һĨʡ
磡
ٿȻһЦ󲽳˹ȥ
ˣҴӼ㣬βΣҪҪȳԵ㣿
æչûע⵽ԼɫǺܺá
򴽿֣翴
ףߵվá
һֻ֣
ϵĺɫָѾһҹϢʧˣֻǺȦЩأûʲô
죬ͻȻ赹㵣˰ɡ˵
ڲʯʱ͸оԼЩͷΣҪŵҽԺģ˭ϵҽԺſȴˡ
Ȼûף覺ӣҲµʱӦɫ԰ףĻȻ
ףҡҡͷûУ֪һõġ
߻رºб߶˳࣬Ҷ֮ˣòŵģˡ
ɵ¶Ǹˣܶһˡ
һֱܶһ棬ɲҵɡ˵ǰӦңԺʲôʱ򣬶ңҪһ˺¡
ʯ飬ҲҪˡ
ЦЦֱ֤Ӧ㣬Բˡ
Ӷ̮ʱֻǵϵڵĺ£ںĻҲͬ˺ܶࡣ
뵽ףҪ뿪ҪôһҲ뵽δĺӡ
Ȼ֪ףܽǸӸˣҲ֪ͬףһҹĵĿޡ
ֻҪ뵽Լһ͵͵ӣҲĲˣԲ뿪ǸҪĹ
ͷպ࣬Ǿѵһƿ
ףһ㶣ͷվŵ˾Ȼ
ڴϣһ㶣үˣ
ƳһۣǸŵҲˡô꣬򵥵ĳȶûѧ𣿡
εͷԲүʵнҪ˵żЩ
˲ҶѾˣʲôһ˵ɡ
ع񣬡ˣҵˡ˶٣еŭ˵󣬾Ȼš
ӳǸԩǵӣͲù
ڶ̮Ŀӵһ쾹ȻţҲʵǸСˡ
һ򣺡Ķ˵
üõ˾ҽԺأոձ͹ʱҸպÿˣӳ컹һ·ߣ޵øѾһҡ
ûˣպҽԺԩ·խ˶þүú
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584 İ

üͷһ壬ȻԼĲ˵˰춼û˵ϡ
˻ˣûʲô̶ȣ
Լ˵˵ֻǼ򵥵ˮ˵ƤˣӦһָܻˡ
һ
ףڲʯ˵ô࣬ȴûʲô£ĳǶ˵ҲίʵǺá
ףʵҪҪȥ
Ƥɢһ̧뵽ҹӳԴá
ֻһҽԺѣֲסһ
ûҪȥǣƽ׸Լǲʹ졣
Դ컹¶ҲҽԺ档
ĵףԴף覵˺찤һȭͷ˵ģ
ף覵ͷǾͺúˣҽԺôܲڸպ
ĬĬֿһۣѵȻǲͶԷкǱҲÿˣ֮ǻ֪ǳʲô飬ʯ²ǸոտʼԶûнء
үģһǵġ
ףҽԺҲ˵һЩйص顣
˵Ԯڲʯһһҹڽӿӵڳ˱ڳʱѾˣӳһ·Űͽ˼
ʱ֮ǰûĲ˱Ƚ϶࣬ӳȴҪȸӿ
ҽͬ⣬ӳǮרŽҽԺδȸǿ
һҽԺһͨڣȷϹûʲôԺ󣬲հͽֻͨסԺҪֳĶ֮ʯĺ⴦ף覹ǿҲҪֳ⡣
ڻԡ
ԴһСҵ˾ȻţҪԴ»ȥһˡ
ԴüҲΥ潨ҵ˼
ӳЩˣүѵ֪ˣʯҲʱȥôôͨ飿
ӳѾ潨ҵ˺ĵ϶潨ҵţ;ԲǺ¡
үҪҲʱɣ
Ͱ㶼 Լӵ
Դˣ˼ңʱ˵䡣һؼҿûʲôҪ¾̻ǡ
ԴлȥӳſˣѾˣʱ㻹ǰװʲô⣿
ϻԵŸСۡ
衭
ӳмҶ⣬ûܿ
ҪԴû취ҲһһϷ
޵ȻǶˡ
ӳ쵹Ǵ֪װȶ㿪顣Ҳô̮ˣ㾹Ȼû¡
裬취ңȻһҵģ
ڿӵ¸ûʲôˣΪĵطպȹ̵Ϣ㡣
Ҫ뵽ԮӶˣӶͯҲҪ֣ѹͲڳ֮ǰװԡ
ڰûпȻˣ
ӳѾȥˣҲ֪үҪ˵ʲôᣬ˵˵֮ô졣
ͷʲôİţ
ֵô֪Լղ˳ˣ
ʱӳģҲûķˣ
ӳʱĶͷɸֵ˵֪ˣǰӶͯʯʱô֪ٿǿǣ
ʱô࣬裬ҲǮ
ѾԽԽûǵ֮ˡ
óŻʱǮ
ҪǼŽҵ⣬̫ҲߵһһѵĴ
ӳ˵иӿ԰ʱܿ£öܵ
ʵʲʲô
ǱӳĺӣȻŮһҲûܹʲôࡣ
ҪҪܴ࣬Ҳܲס
ӳ˵ӽͿʼװԣûҵָʾôжֻҪţܲʱʯ鲻־һҪȫҵȥʰ̯ӣ̯ʰ꣬Ϳѹˡ
Ǹ²ߣҲΨһܱȫķˡ
ʱż裬װһ컹ԣһʮ£ôܣ
¶һʱ᲻ˣ͵һֱڴţܵס
ӳ˵㲻õģҽԺʶҽʱ㿪֤һɻءԺÿҩҶһ㰲ҩƽʱвסʱͶ˯һܲ¶š
ɫһףҪһֱҩ
ҪǳԳʲôô죿
˵ҩԶ˻˵ģ
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585 㻹Ǹ

ӳ쿴һԼǵСųĶӣŭԵҩͺˣô£
ŵ裬û˵ҩֶҩôҳԣ
ӳһ۵ҪҲԣ˾Ժַװԣʱ˾һ㣬͵űֽѵɣҲȲ㣡
ô꣬ԴƢ
ҲԼôͶ֮һ棡
ɫһף衭
ӳ۵ûѹ㣬ӶͯǷġҪԼⲻҪȥһ⣡ôǺ㣬㵽ʱܲܳɾͲһˣ͵ᣬһأ
产ˣ·Ѿ뵽Լϱʱӡ
嶶˶УҲΣҪһӾˣæס˺ӳ֣裬Ҫô˵ҶģҩԼԣ
ӳЦЦŶԣĺöӣ
ֽ̻趼ˣ֮ǰˣֹͣҩ㵽ʱѹװһʱӲʹǳʱԵĺֿ֢Ǹӣ϶Ҳˡ潨ҵ϶Ҳô
ͷףһװһ㣡ҲȥΣ
Դһصҡ
լ潨ҵһó̶麵̡
ľȻҲܳ𣬵ϲ̶еζζ
Դһ͵֣ʲôôżһҽԺǱæء
ôæͦĵġ潨ҵ
Դһ㶣֣ô˵ô⣬ҲչҲΪҵԺ롭
ûľôߣ潨ҵ̵֪֪ôˣ
Դʱס
쿪ʼһľϣ֪ôˣ
ءԴǵӹǺãܳʲô£Ժͻˣڶûѡһ׼ȥҽԺչء
潨ҵһУԼöӶģѹûз۵׹ɣ
潨ҵʧһ䡮ءҲסԺˣ㾹ȻĲ֪ǺסһҽԺֵĻ˼ֻһ˵ĸףһӸͰϵûУ𣿡
ԴҲˣ
ûκθйϵ鰡
һǺԼҪǿ˵
ܹԱҲСˣ㲻ʲô
潨ҵ򴽿۵׵Ȼ˿Σڵӣ㻹һ𣿡
Դһ㶣ΪʲôҲô˵Ϊһףѵ
Դ֣ô꣬ɶҹԴѵֲֻһӣѵҪҰĶϲУ㶼֪ǸӶʲô
ԴָԼ˵ϾҴģǸТӾȻǰ׶ֶָ֣Ҷ
ΪʲôԼĵûһ𣿡潨ҵ̧ͷԴʲôΪ治֪ף覶ﴧҵĹѪ㾹Ȼһи֣㻹Ǹ𣿡
Դôǵ˸׵ˣԼϱеʱѵҲµȥ
潨ҵʧ͸ףҲĶϱĺӸҲѪУҪ˵ĺӣ˵ӣϹͷû꣡
Ϊ̫ŭ潨ҵ˵ʱһƽϢЩԼؿķŭȻٶ̧ͷԴ
;ܲˣʱ򣬾ûҲۣһֵֻȭͷѵԼĺҵѵܽȭͷ𣿡
һӾ̣ȥȴûпԴ
ΪԼܰӽ̳һȴû뵽Խ곤Խӣ
ڼֱʧ͸
潨ҵ˵ͳں̣ɫȦ£ԴֻоһԼš
ĶûдҲ֪û潨ҵԼá
ԼǲϲǸô죿
ֲĺ㣬ôȥǸӡֻǾԼ׵ͷȴԼ
СʱûٶĳԺȣѾˡ
ڳȥƴԼҪߣʲôϵ
Ҫͷ¿ƵģȫԸһĺӡԼԸ⣡
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586 Ӧõ

ںԴôܻںף覶ĺӣδӣ
ԴһĬͻȻ̧ͷ֣ҪĲҶ̬ȣڻڻԣǲʯҲûаȰµˣ˵𣿡
㡭潨ҵһͣûԴıȥ
ʯһ˭ȥˣ
ף覵Լôں
ԴΪ֣ҪʵûʲôҪ˵ҾȥҽԺˣһõٺúʯ顣ӳһ϶˲
Ҫߣ潨ҵվס
Դعͷü֣׻ʲô£
潨ҵ֪ͨһԺ㶼ҵˡ
Դ˰Σʲô˼
֡
潨ҵüͷһ𣺡ȻôǶĸӣԼûӶܲˣԺ͸ǹȥˣ潨ҵҲû಻Ķӣ
Դɫһ䣬Ȼ֣ôأôĸӣԵں˵ʲôأ
潨ҵ³һһҹˣҵļҵܽһûа㸸ԺҵĶҶף覶ĺӡ㣬͸ӳ컹ǸĶԼȥ
Դ㵵ؿҪҶϾӹϵΪһʱף覣
ףʲô
ʲôϱ˵һףˣԼǰֵӣ
ǰϺͿˣ಻˲Ŷԣ
潨ҵ˵ˣھ͸뿪ԺҪͺӳ컹ôڣٹܣŮ˴ǰͿڿ˵ĵ㣬ҲһûйϵӣĸԺô㣡
Դһ㶣ûܹʵѾҵ˼˳ȥ
֣侲һ£֣
潨ҵüẈ̂ȴûٿԴһۡ
ԴѾǸĴˣҪѵһΣ潨ҵԼöˡ
Щ̵Զ֪Լдģ
Դ潨ҵӼϳԺֻҽԺ£ҪǺӳ쾯裬Щ©ݡ
ӳ쿴üģɫѿǲүֽѵˣүҲǵģ㶼Ƕˣôǽѵ㣿
潨ҵһۣɫӳ˳
οɲֻǽѵѣ˵ҪҶϾӹϵ
ʲôӳ쾪վ
ôôأ
ӳ죺㣬ˣ
ԴһֱǴڲʯǱߣʲôطǵ֣Ҵףһµ鱻֪ˣ־ף覻һ̫ˣ˵ҪҶϾϵ
ӳ۵һĨ񶾣ף覣ԺָС״Ҿ֪һʡ͵ĵƣ
ֵǵؿԴһۣҪϾϵԺļҲô죿
ɲԴǸͷӵôŪҪ֪ͷҪһĲˣҵǮҪô֣
үӸϳȥҪүҲûٶ
ԴͲһˣ潨ҵӣôֵܷǮ
ԴôԼֻҪǮĸ
ӳôӲغү˺ΪԼǮĻᡣ
ԴʲôҲ˵Ҫף覶ĺӣ
ɫǴδйѿֵ˼ӷʲôûˡ
ӳĺһͣƾʲô
ô꣬ͼһ
潨ҵǸõ
үӾȻҪΨһγҲ̫˲
Դӣ
ӳ켱ô꣬ҲΪ˲Ǯ潨ҵ˵ָͲָ㣿ƾʲôҪ˵üҲĴͷǶԵģЩӦõģүҲ̫һ˰ɣ
װԵҲˣָͷ˶
ӳƳˣɫˣæվһ㣬סԴߣʲôߡ
ԴҵҪԼӦõһݣҵļҲеĲȨүֲǲ֪𣿡
˵ЩҪ˭үһ仰飡
ƫƫүֿף覣ô죿
Ҳԩ޶ûطȥ
ӳס¶ڣæ˵Ҫʲôȥ˵ȥ
Դ㶣ͱӳƵ˲档
ʱۣ۵Ǿ̡
ղҪǺӳڻҪﲻסˡ
ҪֲһǮ
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587 ǰְ

ӳһæʵҪ˳үӵ˼
Ҫʲô潨ҵİǾʲôҲòˡ
ӳͲסˣҸô꣬ҲָһҴ󸻴󣬱Ͼ̫ԴҲԺ͸ʲôûеĿӰɣ
Դһ˵ʲôأûҵļҲҲڳԿ࣡㿴ѵôûãչ˲ĸ𣿡
ӳ֪һҪǮֻҵЩӶ߬ԼԺбϡǰЩǮҲֳɵ𣿡
ҪЩûУԴΪԼжǮ
ӳ켱ǰ˵ˣͷ߬ŶƱӡʵ㣬ҪòԼӦеǷݶͱָĹˡһͣʮ˻ȥ˴򹤣ҿ㵽ʱ򶪲ˣ
Դ϶ʱһ
ô˵
ӳһҲ˵ҪǲûһݣԺ˵Щʵ
ԴüͷšŵôûǮͲҹҾûǮҲ㣡ǰΪϲҲŸһ𣿡
ǣԴɵɵ
ӳһеĶҪˡ
ǰᣬȻøʲôãʱҲһΨһĶӣҵȻø㡣ѾˣҲõˣѵָҿ԰뷹𣿡
Ͻִڵ۶ѾǵʲôزˣԺ궼ǣ¶ǡûǮѵð㵱𣿡
Լһ˫֣˲ٵĽָӣ˻֡
ӳʵ˫Сʱɵÿˣ÷ֵطһӶٻȥѵָҼ˫ϴǰ˼ϴ·𣿡
Դ·ǵһοӳĿ㣬˼ʵǮǮǮôǮ
ǰôͿǸôˣ
ӳˣ˵ҪǮӡǮȻЩûʲôһĹҴǰĿӣ֪ΪʲôôǮˣԴ˵ģҪүĲָӦõһݡ
ӳ쳶˳ϵװһ·ǸҲûȥûǮԺȢϱĲ񶼳𣡡
ԴסļûҵЩǮԼҲԶɽ𣡡
˵ĵɣ֪ж𣿡
ӳǿЦһԴôˣôʱҲëͷСһ
ܳȥΪǿдѵδȥӻ㻹мܸɵʱ⣿Ұһ𣿷ǰµǮãȥʲôɽ𣿶ɽҲҪʱ㲻֪𣿡
ûǮԴʲô˼棿
ֱǿЦ
Դѧϰҵˣмܻӣ
ҲҪ޶Ȳ
ӳƲ߻˲һϻٸԴˡ
ԴſڰΣȻ֪ʲôȥͺӳ̸
ǰǰ˳飬Ϊʲô֪үӲָҲԺȫûˣ
ʱ֨ѽһ򿪣Դ̧ͷȥӳ졭
Ҳ˵ЩϻģϻŲʯ飬ҪţҪǶӻеģ͸Ͻ취ϵ鶼ˣӳ˶٣ڻǮϵĹϵеã
ӳ˵һι˷ţ۵׵ĮԴδġ
潨ҵҪԴϾϵ黹ûԴܽѹ
ҪǵͷĲԴˣҪӾˡ
ȻóڻлᣬϽԴˡ
Դŷ˰Σ֮ǰָĸӵˣھȻ⡣
Դ߹һ˿ԳЦ⡣
ڷǰվ˲֪ãŹµת뿪ĳ
ʱȻһϤӰӳ߹
ף覣
һˮ˲ԶĲ
ԴȻ潨ҵ˵ҲסԺ˵飬վף˹ȥ
ף覽ݺ󣬷ŲûйأǼ͸
磡ЦЦһˮ
ơ֣ףԼĴߡ
̧ף覵Ķӣ۵ǽΪ˸ĴȰڸ˵ǰְ֣Ҫ㶥صİְ֣
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588 ӷ

ף覿ӣһЦ˳磬ӻôСöʲô
ҵĺ츳ԺǸ˲šڶ˵˵Ժ͸ס˵Ķӣְ֣ԺҪְס
˵ף覵һĶϣ裬õ裬Ժ㳤Ҫְһ𱣻
δһԴҲܸо֮Ҹۡ
Դ㱼Լպͺӳһʱӡ
ʱջҲڵһˣһضźӳĶ˵ͬһ仰ǰְ֡㶥صİְ֡
ʱҲǶôϣһȤů
˭Ҳ벻ǸᱻʲôģͺûϵҸɳڵЩһ
ֻԼжԺӵİûض˵ǰְ֡
Ϊĺ㻳еʱʹδιǸӡ
ΪϲӣȴҲи׵Ρ
ûкֵôǼ˵ڵСҲܲȥ
ףʵúðӵģ԰ɣ
۵һĨȻ
˵ʵ¶Ҳ֪
ףһ㶣Ϊʲô
ûеףҲûбһذҲ֪ôǰӡ͸Ȼֻ˵һѧһȥȥõ
ףЦЦĵҲй
ԼͯȱһõĸףԼܸõذԼĺӡ
ϸ룬ûиĸҲһ
ֻҪŬãںӾ͹ˡ
ף覵ʲôӳʱȻһˡĺܺõġٻı˵ĸ׶Ҫá
ף覵Ļ·һԴϡ
ͣôʧ
̧ͷһͷϵɴȻ潨ҵĻ
ʱûҲۣ
ӿĶºҲˡ
ԴͷһҪȥ뷨ǵԤǵһʱȴԼĽǧء
ǰĲ׵żȻ粻ȥˡ
Ȼȥ
Ǹ˺ܶĶӣҪеʱȴԼȥ۾ˡ
Դĺ˹
Щһʼûã֮󣬾Ҳûȥˡ
ûſˣҲ̧ͷף覵һһܺõĸס


˿ڵϣҽȷûд⣬ͬǻȥ
ף覱ʰ߸˵˵ȥԺȣԼҲһ룬ޡ
ôһˣ
ףȻȻҪˣҽԺʲôõطҲϣ
ȥԺ
ף覷ֱߣЦˣֲǲ˵ĶôԼߣ
˿ڻû裬õĲˡ
ߵҽԺſڣȥ
һۣʯ鴦ôˣ
һվԱҲ֪ʲô˵û

Ȼع񣬵ʲô
ף覵ʯôˣ
ΪԼ֮ǰʧεЦЦԮӵ˰֮˶˳ڵˣһڳˡʣµ˶ѾõĲˡ
ʵͯأ
˵ķԸѾٱزţʯµĳӣزſ̬ȶӦǲǣͷȥġ
֮ǰү͸˵һ챻˳ǵСӣԼͰˡ
ԾүԴ֮ǰͰѾٱϸȥξû̮ĿѹҲӲɵƲã
ͷǾͺá
үһˣΪֳͷҲ̫á
ô˵Ƿ˷ûôӣ
˵꣬ͽӿ˹ֵүϳɣ
ų˹ȥֻǻûȥҽԺȻһ֡
վסܣ
ÿÿ
ץס
ҵ֮УһߴӰȻҽԺﲻҪس˳ǸӰֱӳףǳ˹ȥ֮Ʒľ졣
һæףԼЩûбǸһܳײ
ܹȥһӾûӰٶȿĽҪզࡣ
ף覷ãŵؿû°ɣ
-

589 裬Ⱦ

ףµҡҡͷûû¡
üǰķӦͦôͻȻɵɵأ˳Ҳ֪Ҫ㿪
ղӷɣץӷȻץҽԺˣҲ֪Сһ㣬ҪǸΣյĲڻжô죿
ףŻعһָֻŸղӷʧķղǸˣ
һ㶣ȷ
ץ
ף覵ͷ
Ϊӷһ׷ţԼ˹ղŲŻʧ
ôᱻ׷ܣ
һ㶣ȻȳСӸòǶ·ȥ飬ӷɣ
ףһ㶣пܣ
ô£ڲ뱻ץȥΣڿܲˡ
ղӴܵľٶȾ֪һ㣡
ףʵô죿ҪﾯٱԼܣ
ϢôͨҪǰæץˣ뻹ץסˡ
򣬡ùԼ컯ǵӷԺֻǻȥ
ײָϾɱˣѾߵһˣҲͰǸ˱
үһأҲù
ף覵ͷ˳
ӷһ¾ڽ˿
˭Ҳû뵽Ǹ̸ЦĶӾȻôһ졣Щǰ˸ǽп಻Ӱ죬ҲҪйزŵˡ
֪Ժܴ̼ľǼʤºף÷
ʤ¶ѾռӣΪҲ޲˸õˣף÷Ϊ޸ǻô˼
һתۣʯˣӷ
˼ʤôܼޣ
ǴҲԸ޽ҵٷˣ
ʤԽԽĲͿ˹ȥ
ף÷ûޣ֪ûʲôôˣ¼ʤ¸׵鱻ȥĩĳƱżʤ»˼ңߵʱĵģףҵ˶ûиߣ
ҹ˶˯Ժһֱڵ绰û˯ĺӳڽӵ˵绰
ҹڵ绰ߣǵ绰һ˲䣬̽
ιι
绰ͷǲѵĺòһ衭
ӳˮôˣ
µڵ绰ͤһĭңʱҵһĵطҲǵҹû˲Ÿ绰ͤ绰裬ڸô죿ͷĺһ˵裬ҲΣ
ӳһۡ
˭Ҳû뵽ǵļƻûüִУЩš
ʱҪ԰ҩƻײƣµĲУʹҽԺ˳ȥ
һ棬˯ĵطûС
ֻһ죬ѾǱؤһˡ
ӳȥϵˮ˵ģ費εģΨһĶӣζᱣס㣡
ΧһƬִ˼Сʱųһ亹裬Ҹô죿һǮûˣûеطԣ裬ȾҰɣ
ӳһģ취һأȥлվԱߵС̼ĴһźܶǮҪĶǮԺ󣬾뿪ȱܱܷͷ
һҪߣҵĶô죿
ЩǮһֶò
ӳҵǮҪڲֻǹӶͯ㻹ӷҪǽ˴ΣһӶˡֻеԺа취ˣٻ𣿡
衭
ڵ绰ͤķһ˾Ȼôһѱһؿ˳
ӳסԼ죬סԼ޳
ˣô˵ˣȥ׼ҪĶһҪúչԼֻĺˣܺá
˵绰Ժ̵¿˿ȷΧûˣŸҴӵ绰ߡ
һǮ绰ˣһͷ
·һ͹ݱߵѣ˳ɴװʣʣˡ
˿ĭԼĶӣűȥ⿪
ֻʣһ²иʣȫһһζţҲ֪ǲǻˡ
ŵζʹ˰ͷպŲȥʵĲУִһԵơƿ﷭ʣһƿ׵ơƺȥ
Ӱ˵ζһ𣬽Ǻԡ
ʱԶһ˹˹
˹ÿ춼ĵط죬İȴ˱ʳ
˹һͼߡ
˭ǹ׺ޱȣһͳ˹ȥ
һһСûͷͲҪ˿
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590 ү

ڶ졣
ףڼѵúúŸĵ绰ͻȻ
ף覲˲֣绰˹ȥ
һѵ绰ι
ڵ绰ߣһֳӣ˵ĺÿ
ףЦЦſڳſڿ
绰˲֪˵һʲôüͷһ壬ˡ
һ˵绰ŵ绰Ķء
ף㶣˭ѽ

߻ߣһݱֽ
ף˼ָŵ绰绰ûмܴȻõ绰𣿡
ô
ӽǮ
üһ˵Ⱥ˲⡣
塪
˵绰
Ƥ
ף߹ȥӡ
ãȻϱֽģ
ףڨڨһЦôŸʲôҿʲô
ؽ绰ιá
绰ͷûصף覣ɣ
ףһ㶣ͷһ۵绰
ֶˡ
һ
ղŽӵ绰ǲȻҵ绰̫ˣ
ףβŻɵ˵ү
ܼγϾŵ绰˵үôؽ˾Ͳˣ˵ҵ绰ǲ˵㣿
ףһ飬̧ͷ
ǹİɡ
ȻղɫҲôѿ
ȻͲܼγ֮˺ͽ⣬ȻеĹϵҲܼγһ绰ˡ
ĬĬչıֽһʲôûиɹӡ
ףһĬԵ绰˵үôͻȻҴ绰ˣ
ܼγ˵ˣΪˣǲӦԾ֮һ°
ףס棬Ҳ̫Զһɣ
㵽ΪʲôͻȻܵˣ
ܼγϱ죬ת˸ŵ绰֮ǰ˵㻳ˣϲва㲻˵֮以һ£ܿ԰ɣ
ڱǼף覣ʱʱػȥһڣȻҪҪף覵顣
ף覸ϵ֪ģڱǣҲʱʱظ绰ͨ
֪ף覻еϢԺ󣬶˵ͶĻƱһҹڻϹġ
ô˵أȻף覻ĺӣϲĹﰡ
ԾĺӣҲڴġ
ǻڵƦﳤˣҲһԼͷĽ׵ĸ顣
ΪϲԻϲĺӡ
үԼô
ܼγ˵˵ͦң֮ǰȷϻлΪˣүֵܣָ·ôŶ㲻ǣҶˣôҲÿһ°ɣ
ףЩȻôԼ
ǲүѾˣ治
ǸһƦȴ˭Ĵкӡ
ףʵĶ
ܼγε̧ͷĻվ֮ǰҵĵ绰ˣǵסַ
˲ͷɦͷһף覻оæظǻû̫ࡣ
ףһЦңȥվ㡣
ܼγϺȻЩίƲƲ죬үļûǮԲˣָҳԶȺء
ףЦУ˹ܹ
˵绰תͿĿתضԼ
ףʵۣ
ղǸۡ
򴽣˵Ҫȥ
ף˵˶ˣȥ˵ȥҼǵ֮ǰǴѵ𣿡
ıֽȻѣҲȥӺˡ
Цô¶һȥܼγϣ
ǸŻǽŵͷ
ףʼ磺ð
ܼγϹ˵绰ԺСӶ˵绰ͤߣԼ߿ԺףҲԼ
ǵļȥվҲҪЩ飬ܼγϵȵˣʹӻһ̳
ȼһԺ󣬲ܼγһֵܚGһСŮҿɾҪ뿪ˡǲиŵζԲԣ
ٺЦһֻѵؽһ̳ˡ
ȵףʱ򣬲ܼγϸպڳ̵һ롣
ܼγԶԶؿף˳æˣվţԱߺһǺף覡
̣ܼγ̶Զ˵ף˵أ
ףŤͷһܼγ˹ȥ
ಽظЩ·ϵˣף覵Ķӡ
ܼγЦشյף覸ǰΪ㲻ˡ
-

591 

ףݸЦүӱˣܲ𣿡
òף覣ЦȻĺÿ
ܼγסԼؿڣĶĸоòүһ
ףЦ˺󣬡ʲôҿз֮
СԹϣͦߡ
ܼγϧؿһۣ̫ˣϧˣûСŮ
ף覵Ȼȥɣ˷һԡ
ܼγףųȥʱȻԶһС̱ߣһڵһӡ
ӺܴҲ֪涼װʲô
ܼγüͷһ壬ڵ͵ôˣ
Ǹ˴·ô࣬һǸ˺ôܻôõĴӣ
͵
ף覣Ҹаˣ𣿡ܼγϺȻһף覵ļʵ
ףס˵ʲô
ܼγϺٺЦһҽ㿴ү磡
һţһͳ˺˹ȥһŷߣ
ǣ
˺ͻȻܼγһ߷ڵأĶһȫ˳
ܼγ϶һǣȻȫǮһõǮ
ף覱ܼγϸһæ˹ȥסܼγϵʲôأ
˭뵽һƦܵĵһҪ壿
ܼγָŵϵ˵һǸ͵㿴ôǮأ
ϵ˺ʹŷܼγϵĶ˲˵Ĺעף覵ͷһʱŵס졣

ӷ
һ㶣źؿǰЩˡ
ɨף覣ɨ
ۿڿһɱС
ĵһһӸûоԼǽһ˹
ܼγϴ㵵ʶ
ĳѾռ˺ˣ
ߴˣ
ܼγϵɫһ䣬һ뵽龹ȻǣҪ꣬Լûˣ
ף覵ͷǰˣ㡭
ŷȥɢǮ
ףʱعҪǮ·
ЩǮǺӳﱸİɣ
ҪǮܣΧľѾߵĲԾ˹ʲô
һЩ˴ŵľʱŵɫҡ
ʵʱûϳԼµĺܣץ˵ϵļǮʣµĶҪˣתһܡ
һ㶣ⲻžй
վס
׷ȥƱûüܳ˻վʧ˻ҵȺ
ܼγһ±ƣô£
Ҫ˵ףʶˣҲûҪܰɣ
ףҲ
ܼγĥƬ̣Ȼ˲Ǹͬĸֵܰɣ
ղŷף覽ʲôţֲֲ
һ۵͸
ܼγϵô¾죬СӲǷ˰ɣ
ɷ
ܼγϣޣӡɷ
үϳһĨ𾪣Լͬĸֵɷڱ׷ôȻǸүǣ
Ǹ൱˲үǣ
ȥɡߴʧķ򵭵һɨ˫ִ˵
ܼγ϶ļûȤܸףһȥԶٷС
ֵڵظһȥף覺ļҡ
ﻹƮŷ㣬ܼγϽȥԺʹһ٣ԱɳǵĿͷĶ
ٲȻҪסˡ
һۣ۵׵Զ
ܼγƦһЦôҰǰǽйˣĲôСܰɣ
֮ǰ˶ٷռˣ¶ܼγϿһֱĵأ
ף覵ͷڶ¥¥תһǣס
ܼγʱЦˡ
үӻͳһӣݸף覵صظģ
ʲô
ף覴һﾹȻһѽ
ܼγ˵ǳðټǮġүүģԺ㺢Ӵϰ˵ܱƽء
ףЦЦллү
ܼγϿüһ˲ǡ
Ѷ͸ף覣ҪǵлĲء
ףʵүã
ܼγϵɵ˵ðɣҲһꡣ
ף覣

ã
ǲܼγ϶ʱĹƫĿ˷ָ
ܼγϿ˴㵵ӣЦЦأûҲߣ羰¾ͻȥˡӡ
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592 

ܼγڿͷ˯һڶԾܵȥҳԵˡ
СʹǳԱˣǽһֶˡ
òףûϵף覼ңôҲܿԼԵĶǮԵ׬
ûڳ￴ӶˣǷһֻȮȮ
ܼγһ㶣ʲô
üһšҼң𣿡
ܼγҲԡ
ǰ̨յ𣬻ء
ܼγֱ߿һմõļ԰
ţ¶Ҫ˯Ե㣬ȻƽʱҲ³ϵĲ͵㶼
ŶСڷֹ~
Ƴһۣܼγϸѧһڽʵǡ
ܲզġ
˵𣿡
ܼγϣ磬ҲҪһ뼦Һö
һִۣһ뼦ҺϹ
ܼγϺٺһЦˣֻҪеĺãûеԲ
ף覻Ժ˯ö࣬˵
ڹͷţܼγϵһͳˡ
ף観緹ʱһԿ֮ǰûüϸһͻ֣ᷢлкЩףڱǵ˱
үˣԼҵĹﻳ˻ĥ˵ܰף覴һˡ
ʲú˶ԣҲ˿¶ҪЩˡ
ܼγеû¸ɣڿﰤİڼ
ҲǼʶöˣû濴֪ϸһƲŷ֣Ǽﻹ˲ٹŶ
ЩɶǮҲ򲻵Ķ
ֻЩȽϼ򵥵͵һ˻ϲ
ף覾߻εһ˫СųԼԱ߻㳦
糿ȴƫĵӹ
ףһ뵰û꣬ͺȻһɧ
ף覣Ǹҳ
Ů˾ؼС
ףһ㶣͸⿴һۡ
üȥ
ܼγ˫ִڶֱ鲻ԣҲ
һû壬ӳһ˹
ѸԱһĲܼγϷӦҲ죬ҲһˣȻӳͺˤ˿ĵذϡ
ӳʹһ̧ͷʱǡöף覵ߡ
ף覹һһڼ㵵ؿǰŮˡ
ôˣ
ߵӳߵⲻĵطȥ
ӳͷɢſڵϣ̧ͷ˻ߵغǣǺҶӣ
̶һʱ䣬ӳȴʮꡣ
ǿףǰվֱʱף覲ſӳǰ·ϾȻǸɺԵѪ
ף覵ɫһ䣬ĶôѪ
ŵʱվǰסߡ
ֻ·ӳ˫ҲѪ
ܼγüͷһ壬͵ĵһ죬Ⱥ˾ô
˶ʲô񾭲ү棿
ӳؽеǺҶӣǣֽֿУȴһ仰˵ףʲôˣΪʲôǲԸŹҶӣΪʲôΪʲôҪ
ף覴ɫһףվˣ
أ
ӳѪָָף˵װʲô֪ӣ첻ڻվѾ뿪ˣʲôҲܺˣΪʲôǲϷŹ
Ѫ˿۾ҪǮʱ£췢֣ҲһվڴϱײǺģǺ
ӳӵֵĵ绰ȥʬʱʬϵѪûиɣʬ̫ãϲŻЩѪ
ΨһĶӣȴǺˣҪʲôԼ
ף覵ĺһ͡
뿪Ժͳˣ
ʲôⲻˣ
ӳǺҪǶᣡ
ӳͻȻӻγһѵžͳף˹ȥ
ΪһĸʧȥԼĺӣûʲôʧȥˣҲã
ȥģ
һֱվĲܼγϺȻһһž˺ӳĺϣֱӾͽ໴еĺӳ߷ڵء
ܼγϿˤڵصŮˣû˿ΣͷؾԼģ˼ҷʲô£ֲǿײģѰҲҶ𣿡
үأܳķл
óƦΪԼԱߵһôúӣ
ףһ㵵ؿͻȻ쭵ĲܼγϣЩ˺
ǡү
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593 ػϻ

ܼγ϶ŵϵŮ˵ģʵ㣬˵ǸСүߵģǲү߷Żᱻ췢֣ղһ
ӳһ㶡
ܼγϵͷгұܵǲ˼ҷ޸ʲôҲûұ˰ɣɱˣȥﷴ˼ѽ
үڽҲôʲô˶Ҵˣ
ܼγ˵ֺǲںӳһţһ͵Ϯ
ܼγϵͲʲôӳ쵱滹Ҫףһӣܸӳù
ǿ϶ǲܲܵģ
ҪŮˣҲǲܵġ
ӳǸŮˣﰤ˲ܼγҪߣܼγϰ˸ߵûԺ󣬴绰˾ֱþѺӳˡ
Ҫл磬ôǿ󡣡ӳ챻ߺ󣬲ܼγϻNɪҡ˵ôһ仰
ףһЦ˳ͷĽŵΪ˲١
ֻ˭ҲûϵҪô򵥵ǲˡ
죬ܼγ϶סǼ
пյʱ͸ףһ֣羰æʱһں԰ϹڣҲ֪ʲô
ʮ죬ܼγ˵Ҫˡ
뿪֮ǰףȥԺ˿ﾹȻһǧ
ܼγ˵ͺ׼ģԺͿˡ
ף۵׶Ρ
ɵӣܼγϵ֪ġ
ܼγϣûƭҲô
Լݸʼһ˲עҪ
òҰɣܼγһϲֲʲôֵÿ飬ǿ㣬֪ڽúãҲͷˡ
ܼγϵͷЦЦëͷСһͷܿӣҲطˡԺҲͲôϲˡ
˵һԵף覻֣ת뿪ʱֵ磬ԺúչҴɩӰ
ܼγˣ˵Ժ󣬺ӳҲŷˡ
潨ҵûԴҵ飬ǸҲټ
үӺʱֶεǿӲĽ˲š
ƽƽعţһ죬ף覻߸µʱһֱڱǵСȴͻȻ˵绰Ҫϻϼҵǿء
û˵Էʲôˣֻ˵ҪϣҶϼҵǿغ뷨ӡ
ף覼ʹԺ󣬾ʹӦǩصĺͬ
֪ԺЩ죬ôϻȥˣ
һף覴ǰסһ顣
ף覵ͷ֯źӵë˵ҽСϵ˵ġ
һ㶣Ϊʲô
ǲСĵط
ףЦЦǿط̫ãǿˣǵĺ¿ʼȫȻһ
ûܣûʹࡣ
ֻһڵģҸ
ǿˣҲǸǲȱĹȥһǺš
ˣ
ˡף覵ͷ˵
һֵȥһۣͻ
ȥӴˣһ߲á
ף΢΢һЦ۵׶ĸԵĴȰţá
Ǿһȥϻ塣
ʵΣǺһɨĹʱȫȻͬĸܡ
߻شβǸƾɵСľݣʯ·ʹǰһ͸Űơ
ϴμʱ䲻Ǻܾãֱ̲ݻǵǣһף覾ֺǵֽȥСҪ˵ѽ
ף΢΢һЦͦһж˹ȥ
̣ʲôҪ˵
ֱ̲˵ӴһʱҲǸ߹㣬Сʱչ㣬Ϊи˽ҰæǮǸˣϳˣȥǰľأ
ףһǴǰǸĬĬжˣ
ף覵ڻ𣿡
ֱ̲ݵͷ˵ڵѽǵľסˣ˵Ǹӣ㲻֪𣿡
ף覻ͷһۣѵ֮ǰСܵǸصˣ
ͬһˣ
ȥ
ѸȥҪ˵Ǻηʥ񣬾Ȼصôأ͵͵ؽչ
ףû뵽ǣݣĵһ˾Ȼľ׼ӵС
ףһ㶣ǵСǣصԺʹְˡ
ô
Сûпͷе˵ЩľͷﰡҿҪˣһЩľͷʪˣ
ﴫһ˵ͷŴ°ɣֻҪˮС
ף覵һȻò࣬ûܱϤˡ
ǣĸס
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594 ҶԲ

˫ִ˳С˵ѽţЩľͷŪһϳȥϻж㲻֪
С޹ⶫҶҪסˣ
ָӵһٿ㣬࿸ˡ
ף覿߳ˣһ͡
ô᣿
ôأ
ǧǧˣɾô벻ص˻
ǸⱲӶһֵˣ
סĵЩˤף覣Сģ
ף覵˫ֽճȭͷһʱͺȭһ˵ʹǴơ
ʱȻ̧ͷ۵ҲͬһĨ㵡
ף覵۾Īһ죬תߡ
ǵģһʲôᡣ
Ǹ˾Բܻ
覣覣
Ȼ׷˳͵סף覵ֱס
ף¡Ķӣ۵ײһ˿죬ż־ϲ
ѽҪˡ
죺㣬ôᵽ
⻰ӦŶԣΪʲôǴǰסķ
ǵڣףҲԸһ֡
ĬĬͷ˵ҰˣԺطϡ
ףƳһۣЦ̼ҰˣҲûǵҪֵطϵĵزɣ
һ㶣üǻȥ̸̸𣿡
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596 ±ӣҪŮ

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