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İ
δСһˣС˸ףһŭ֮¼޸˸үϲ
»ҹӷȻۿҪһغԼҲҪѳᡣʱð˸ڻԾϵͳ˼߳ܵ
ɣ˵£ѾãһһҪΪӡ

ž»ʮȴû뵽˶ʮ廹ԽԽؾ΢΢һЦΪ񡣡
һ죬һΪЩֵе߳ܡ
ݱǩ ֮ Խʱ  Ů
ؼ֣ǣ  ǣ  
һ仰飺ú͵
⣺ֹϵ


1 
谵·ڣһϢﱻѹ£ȾһΣˮҲˮļ±ͷ¶Բļ
ɴµĵǿźʮұͷԽԽ
ѹµŮ۽޲ͷһ£·ӭܡ
£Ůģִһ˿⡣
ô˵Ѫڣ޲ɰǵϵ·
ǣô򵥾ͺˡ
ӣԼ»ҹû뵽һεĳ
ڸղţ͵͵ˣͱһץ˸š
һˣҲ»ûüʱȻ۾ĿԼȫ̡
˫⣬÷ϵĽסûҶ
һҲǸѹģһƬ˿˿ɱ⡣
ɱŵûüͣͱһѹ¡
ĲϣֻҪ˲ϸĲӡ
ҽͣģŵûɢææغ
΢΢һ٣죬Ƶ˵
䣬·Ļⲻˣֱ۶Ĳӡ
޹ģһĭͰͽ͵ǱΪѡΪõѹΪ³ϲ
Խ˵ԽҲû֮ǰôˣҲǴ̿ͣġ
˵껰Ͱ͵ؿˣ֪ԼֻǸ޸֮Ůӡ
ǾûжĮؿһʣˣ
һͷˮ
Ҫʲôɵʣ»֪ʲô𣿡
ؿ֮Ȼ˳ǣӵ֪ղʲô
ˢһ£˺ƨɡ
˵Ȼɱ㡣ִĲϣߴһ䡣
һнδ֣СԴڷɿתţѰ˼͡
ôͲźأ
˵ʲôܽΪʲôſϣ˵·ǿˡ
ûֹ͵ӣ˼ҵ½ǿˡ
͵͵¿һֻۣϵĺң½΢΢¶һĨ𪾫ݵļ
رÿÿˡ
ͬʵϾǸӡĺܺÿһϮɫۣ֯ͷ͵ڣһ˫ŨܵĽüޣ絶ֻıûаѪɫ
۵ģҪüǿɫ룬ڻҫ£Եʮұ
ϧüۼŲò
ٿӡϷһµĽ񣬲Ƿǡ
˵ɡص
......Ҹղżº΢......¶Ͱ͵Ĳµģ
ôףһƬңҲʲôõ
鼱֮£ֻܱ۾ٵˡ
Ŷ۾Լ顣
ʶһ˲䣬оԼѣƺҪֹͣˡȻ䣬һɴŵϢ壬
ѵ˵ΪԼԼ˹
ȻͷµŮ˵ٶһñ
......
¶ѾˣͲ˰......ڨЦ
ղһ£ǱϵͳȣٽԼףҪɱ˵Ŀ⣬ô׵ȥ
ġ
Ѱ˲ͬǰļ䡣
ǰǸͨ죬ʮû飬ճĸ߻飬ΪΪײ
ⱲƷٽ׵Ůʷϴûй
˵С֮ŮҲӦøǡĸţȢ˸ĸ
ĸǸСټҵŮԸų£һһŮȻ븸׽һԼٹʣҲԼ
ֱ󣬽׸һ¡
δȻǸˣĺÿԼҼѵʮӷ檣չһӾĶˣҲŻ¡
Ϊ˽ȻĶ飬ԼӼнʿʱӭȢԼ
û뵽ȻнʿУҪԼŮݿ޸ȻҲûоܾ͵ҰѺͽĻˣݿס
˵ҪԼ޸Ϸңˡ
׵ϷǸʮŮԼ󣬵֪뽫Լ޸취ûܴͷ
֮£ǡɵ֪ΣʵҪҰֺϵϵŮӼ޸ϲ
ʱŮ˼ҶԸⱨһ취˰Լֱȥû뵽պıѡˡ
̴ĺܺãžʮ꣬޹պò˶þͿعѡ
Ļһ˵㣬ҲܽȺ˵ҲδɷССġ
һнеĺ˳ղžɫ԰ףҪûˡ
ͻȻðһϵͳԳڻԾϵͳ
ϵͳдһλ
[»ҹڴߣɫ԰סؿûɣΡΡ֣ȻΪɾȻû˺
˽Ѿˣʵŭ˽Ϊѳ......]
ȿȣʱںЩǺ
Īֵϵͳı󴵹һ硣
æ߲ܵ̽Լ»ɫԽԽҲ
ŵû궼Ҫˡ
عѣ»ҹعѰ
»ҹˣñɥˣʵԼѳᣬǲǺ
ת֪Ǻõʱϵַ˱仯
[֮£ΪԾѡ
1ǿɵ·ḧţǰĴѡ
2ԭص]
ѡ𣿵Ȼѡ1ˡ
Ҳû룬˵ϣµذǿ·۾ȥ
ʱͱ
µŮͨ죬۾ˮģǰһˮԼõҪ޳Ƶġ
ģӵģͷҲġ
ĿڽһһɨĿзŹ
㡣ɿĲӣҪ
һԼ͸Ͽ㵽һȥ
ʱȻ첲һص
ıӱʹ´ҲĵݣһѪζ˲ڿ
˲ñҳˮһæ£û°ɣ
ֳ˰ɣҪ񡣽µ롣
ûзӦſûж
ӳ׻ˣˣ̫ҽ
һֻסͣ˲ͷʲô
ú£
ѹϣģˡ
մӹŹػûղŻѹá֪ûеӶԼֺϵȫиˡ
ǳʱˮδڴµĻϯղʱûע⣬ŵ
˵ڣЩˣ˵
û뵽ŮΪԼˣ󺰴Ųѳ
ñſһ£ȵϢڽĲϣġ
̲סӣมһ
ϵ·ĬĬ·Ͻİƣࡣ
һ°оըž졣
̲ס˶ӣĵֻסԼؿڡ
͡һⶹѿһģϡ
Ķһͣˣ̫أѹۡ
ʮ꣬زûȫѹһ¾ۡ
......
û˵Ҫȴû


2 
ģûУȴװͰ͵ġ
֪ղвԼǴģڵľһ˵Ĳè
һļС£ɡ
ĬһͷҪҵЦԼĺۼ
ֻҪҵͻȥԼ
ܿϧĿûа㳰ЦԼ˼
ĬĬ䵭ءšһ
üһ䣬˫ִ˫磬׼
û뵽ʱ·źȻ֨ѽһˡ
һȺ̫ҽӿ˽ʲô£ôˣ
û˵꣬ǾͿ˵һĶˡ
......һȺ˽ס
.......ŤͷȺžʹˡ
ʲôϿȥ˺ǳһ˲ηѡ
ޣ¹ʲôҲû
ŵˣ
ԶԶԣ¹ʧˣ¼ס̫ҽǻ񣬴㶵عһ
һһתȥĵعҵš
һӣû뵽ΪϲλҲǸˣòĶˡľѹͼ͵ѹз
벻һ˷ˣҲͨûʲô
......
ܳĬգգ۾ɤӣС˵£ҪȰ
һĺΡ
Ҳ֪Ⱥ̫ҽοǵģѾûˡ
ɵĺ¡Ȼǹűӡ
úԩôܹԼڴϣûԼϣôڹԼ
Ҷ죬ֻʵʵҴˣҪɣ
ɨһۣ΢΢ס
ط˸
ΪСŪСģȽԼҲûſĻ
΢΢æǸҲǹġ
Ѿֻǵȥ̫ҽ
ǡӦ£Լ·Ųæȥ
ڴϣûֻͷҴҵıӰ
ոʱ֪ˡ
û뵽ôݣӰʮϸɫļ´ϣ֫ӯӯһգһ־ס
ֵѡϲѡʲôôѡ˸
ߵſһԼգͼ¶ȡ
ּһԼ·ûʲô׵ĺ󣬲Ŵţº͵λ̫ҽȥΪ
̫ҽҽߵԺжһʵʲôʱģ
Щεո
ǧҪᣬ֮װ׵ġ
Ժкɫ֪ʵľͲʣҩһߣһʣ֪ôģ
⻰ʵĽΣܲ˵ԼѵġҪóղƭǸ˵ǣҲһ߳ܰ
ղھͶҲ붪ڶˡ
ҲǺ ̫ҽʵ¡
ؾǲὫԼĻǵġ
ԺЩʧǰΪѹ 
ʱ΢ѾѹĻˡ̫ҽЩﾣһãǺþȡ
ﶼŻǱ۰ܵܣͶҽķӡ
ϲһ˵֮ԱǣҲûбж
ղŮǼҴǣ˼Ǿˡһϣһһ¡
¾ʹûˣ¶ҪǣǣҲ͵ͷˡ
Ȼǻæ䴳·ʱȴˣһģ
ΪԼۻ軨̲ס۾
ûʳʲôԺҲûʧ¾ǻعⷵգҲ˲Ϻ;ԡ
£¹ΪԺнݺҩ䣬ʾ
šӦЩ档
ȻЩȴǻعⷵյĸо
Ժûü룬Ѿ˳
æ䣬ִϣϢ۾Ϊ
ǿԭ鸡......ĺˣ
Ժеɴ۾ֺһ
ļλ̫ҽŵĿΪǾ󲻺ãһ
ԱߣҲĿתؿԺУҪ֪󾿾Ρ
ϵͳֻǽʱû£û˵׺ˣӦúܲ......
˶ĵΪǡȴɫ·Լ޹ء
Щ͡
ΣֱԱǡΣġ
ԺвΡΡջ֣žˡ¹ʱ˵༸λһͬǡ
󣬾Ȼ뾣ûʱһ
ģüͷû˵ʲô
༸λ̫ҽһһÿλ¶һɫнԽĺ档
ã̫ҽֱԲǣǡ
̫ҽǶһۣȻԺǰһ£ڵĶѾסˣʱްˡ
ʲôһ㶡
ڵĶסˣô£
¹ҲΪΣȻס˱һ£¹ٻ취ӵġԺο
ΪδˮףΪιһЩɡ
ڵĶʱеģⶾһζ涾ûнҩǵʱֻԴµķΣûá
Ϊʱ򣬶Ѿ˾ѪҺС
һֱǶֻ취ѹǶôǶ¹裬һһĴݿӡ
Ƕ֪ʮ
޲ߣֻؿһһȥ
ǶѾ˱ְ׼
û뵽¾Ȼ˹󻹳ϵסˣ
Ժеи˲ѣæһΪӵҩ
Ա߿򴽵£Ϊһˮ
ɳƣȵˮ
һۣ۾šһ
ˣ첽ߵԣ̽̽ˮ¶ȡˮ¸պãһӵһ
£ȵˮˮߵԱߣʶ˵һ䡣
ۣĿؿŷӦڵӣˣˮ
ˮŵԱߵİϣ˵ðˡ
˵գؽ˷ȻͷԼļϡ
һ㣬СǺˮ͵ǰС˵
û˵ֺһˮ
ٸһ㣿ѯʡ
ˮɤ࣬ҲͲ˵ˣˣҿš
ǡѱӷ£һͷŵطͷϡ
ѾŮȥˣܿͻԵƬ̡
˵꣬Ȼ֣ԼȻԾس䵱ŮĽɫ
ôߵŮȥˣΪʲôҪԼź
ֻ²ۣϲұֳ
Ҫʲô𰡣
ĿϣƬ̺Ųˡ
ˣһȹĵԱߵĵϡ
ְ̫ҽֵ̽ԽԡԼӵһԵȣʶתţĿԼȹϣس
ˣڱĿ
ã̫ҽۺҩԺţͷһ۾ѾۣĿ
ɣæŤͷһ
ûĺÿûавǻǵøղԼĲϣϴɱģ
Ժн󣬳һ£¹ٵ˿ҩѾκȥץҩˣ࣬ٺҩϾˡ
ֻ϶࣬ΣӻָһЩµá
šһ
ЩԺǻδ뿪ɫЩᡣ
к£Ƴһۡ
Ժп˽һۣµȲҪзΪá
˵꣬ͨ졣
һģҪվһԵĽ
......ʲô¡
ܰͷ޲Ҹضȥ
Ƭ֮󣬾Цһһ۽֪ˡ
Ժεزҿҵع֣һȺ̫ҽȥˡ
ߺ󣬽վԭزֻԼһˣ˭Ҳעⲻ
ԸΥȻ֪ˣղôܴ󵨡
˵ģԼ͵¡
Դ޲ôȥͰ͵......˵ˣΪ˸
ǱҪллˣ
ɲǣҪûˡ
ô˵ͷҡĸ˹ƵģҲҡ
ЦһʲôҲû˵ȴԼյĻš
Ůɷܿţһա
󿴿ҿûŮֻö߹ȥ£ιš
ھûΪҲû˵ʲôѿĻޱιһࡣ
ι󣬽ĵһƺЩã㿪ڵҷϢɣ
һۣ΢΢ס
*
۾󣬽һŵسţ亰˲ɷԼжͷϵλȻֽˮԡڵҹźá
ӾҳѾ˯ŵľԥƬ̶Բɷ˵ȥôҵµ˯
컹δЩ˷纮ɲˡɷԥ
ֻһϣûйϵġһ°ɫ£ԼʵʵģЬϡ
Сȥұ
ɷ翴һңתȥΪұȥˡ
ôãҲۣɷӺů͵ıӣһĹ˯ˡ


3 
ڶϣʱ͸յƤϡ
ֵס⣬˸/˸ҪɷӷȻʶԼھ
Ѿˣ޸һӡ
ߵĻ˻ȥǿ죬һܣΧûˡ
ûãһ
Щʹļ򣬷ԱߵĵѾһ׵ɫȹ
ӦǲɷԼûѣȷŵˡ
·޶һͷԼϴ
û뵽һţһŮţسһ
ݼ
һ£æ
ūǵߵһŮū澴źϴױһķŮ
뾣Ůȥˣվͼˡ
ͷˡ΢Цתݡ
ŮݣȻźϴȻַױǰױ硣
պܺãһĵױݣĶĻһĵĵĽ˱Ȼ
лžԼЩ񣬰լС˵ߵŮӦÿԼҪԼ°
ôԼôô
ѵǹ֮ƣȵˣ취ΪС檣
ðҲš
û˲̵ԼһȻؿ񣬡ɣҺϲ
۾һЩ˼Цϲͺá
"ū׼ţŰɣ"ܿŶźˡ
Цһ£ʵ𣿡
ҡҡͷ"ûС"
ȥźŰɣͲȥźˣ˵롣
ūֱźµ黹æҡͷ˹Ƶġ
......
ôĲһ
µķ˺ҩˣȥźˣūźš˵
......
ƽʱźµ˭
һ۴κ˺ˣκū澰ѷ˺ҩ
ĲһŮôôϽ
񣬺ɸ֡
ССغһѵҩˡ
̾һţС£ҽŶ
û뻹ƿŽȥˡ
ݺ󣬽ŷ־ڴϣһڿ
һɫ£ɫں˳ͷڼϣСƵ۽γһƬӰЩʡ
˸ﲻ²һ䣬ȻС£źͳҩˡ
̧һۣɫе¡
ԵԼȥź򣬽̣ҩ˹ȥҨһӺҩ͵ǰ
û죬ǵԼȡ
ŶԼȡˣҹιҩΪӻָ࣬Ӧǲźˡ
ӷŻĬĬذҩݸ
һԲؽӹóȻҩһ
üӷŻȥҩݸ
ûгҩζ;ҩ࣬˵һһҩľˡ
ҪԵ۽ܽġҩ£Ա߷ŵһС۽˹ǰ
ÿԡü𣬿ʮ۽
һ㶣֪۽
۽Ѱݹȥ۽Ǻȵࡣ
ξûоܾ˹˹غŰࡣ
ĶţĿȻǰɫûôѿ
Ǹ鲢ڳԷڳʲôʵĶĶ
˵ˣԱһԣò׳࣬æ׼ȥ
ֱҪ뿪̿ڵӡ
ȲԼˮڣҲ֪Ӹ죬ôź˵ģ
ͷãȻŷӦɵɵذԼӵ˹ȥ
ûнӣÿɾ
ԼࣿһЩĿ۵ϡ
뵽飬ˣȵȣȥ񡣡
û뵽ķɫЩãƬ֮踺ذ㿪ڵӸҡ
......
ӵݸȻһſȥˡ
뿪󣬾ǿӣסһ£ӵһߡ
еĶȴûг֣ıǼһɵ㡣
üͷ΢΢չЩɻ
ôӦøе
˶٣ԼӵϵӣŵǼһ¡
ǵ㣬ûκζĵĸо
ҹͽԼԼҲûжĵĸо......
*
źܷʢȴǽϲĿζɷʵ𣿡
һϲķˡ
ˣպøٻؼˣղܻɷ
ðɡ°ͣ̾һ
֮̾ʱκȻˡ
º̫Ӽ١ģʮֹ
º̫ӣæվûȥӭݣһ̬ϵˣһɫ̤
Ƭ̣¡
ʵۿһۣŤͷκ⣬ѵ
κԱ߻شϣҼҵµ
ʵصͷǸиġ
ûռ޹Ѿ˹
֪˵ʲôɬЦЦʵҲûģ뽭˵һ仰̧űңȲȥ
СС̫ӳһЦЦ˻ʵۡ
ؿǵıӰκ⣺½𣿡
̵֣ۡ
κǾߵ̣شµһѣ۰£ʳΪѡ
ޡͷ
ȥ·һɣκһ䡣
ŷӦ»ڶգ˵ҪĸĸġΪĸˣԱΪӵĻʵ۷һҲС
ǻʵ۵׵ܵܣʵʮ۰ȶԴ̫ӻá
̫һҲʣǸСƨɺ泤ԭ⣬ΪʵһǻȫԼСϣԴ⼸ӾûôģҪȻˣҲٰ䡣
̫࣬ͲСˣóɻˣʵ۸Լϱʵ˻ȥ
ʵ۵ԭģС廹ûгɻ飬ֵĵˣ
̫ӶСʮָлΪӢ顣
ʵ۶׵ܵô۰Ҳԭģ뵱λʱЩֵУ˸ʵ¶ȴ޵ľʳ
ʵӹһ٣Դȴӹǲˡ
ûãֵĸûˣû׵Ļʵֻð׵ѽӵߣԽ
˵˵ֵܣ˵Ǹһ㡣
ԽԽ»ʵÿ鶼ܲγϲҲûа취İ취
ҹȥһ޶û˯ܵԼһȥˡ
û뵽ҹԺдҴҽˣƽȡ
ʵһҹҪ糯׼һܵܡڼҹǾ»֮ҹǲҪŵĺá
ǻʵ̵糯С̫һ˾
Ůȥʱ򣬻ʵѵ˵
ĸȥ磬ֵΪи̣պȥкĸ󡣡
ԱߵС̫ӣҲͬһȰؿС塣
Աû˵˵
ʵۺС̫һֱ˵̲סۿ
һ̲ס̧ͷЩǲҲ۾
͵͵ؿһۣʵ۵߶Ȼ۾ûк죬棬Щᡣ
͸ս䵽ϡ԰׵Ƥ׵Щ͸üĵĺҲԽԡ
Ŀ»䵽ڱϵһ˫ϣĺÿֶĺÿǽڷ޳
úÿҲúÿҲãݸ߹Ψһϧ岻ãá
˵Ȣǲ⡣㿴ҪǼˡʵۿһ۽
ѵĿҲ˹պöϽĿ⡣
գգ۾µŲߡ
ѣִЩ»֮ϲ࣬ˣٸֶһЩ
......
ǲܵģǱŵѸġ
ЦһƺΣֲΪҲġ
Цֱܺ˶仳УƬ̣Ȼ䡣
Ȼû֣ôϣö
ʵȰ˵һЩڿʣûһ衣
Ųһڣؿúչѡ
˵꣬һľӣ͵ǰ
޺ѵĸµӣúšʵ˵
ӹʱľǧأ֣ص·ģһúñܡ
ʵۡšһ˵˼仰С̫ӴҴ뿪ˡ


4 
ĵ̫ůͣ΢գůڵ˯ѵŶ˽Ҫš
һתŷ֣۾գ˯ˡ
ԥƬ̣סؿڡ
Ŀϴ˸ת̲ס࿴ۡ
ģֻۣһҲû࿴
ۣޱؿ
һ㶣գգ۾֪ηӦ
Ƭ̺ջߣһ𣿡
......
Żڵʱ㿴......ѿ˼ͷ̺Щ˹˵꣬һʱ
һ£ˡ
ĺ촽ţȴ֪˵Щʲô
²ңô֪ҿˡ˰죬ðһ仰
ѣ......
һ´һͨӱ﷢һŵ͡
Ȼһ仰û˵ʱʤ
ԽĺˣߵģǱġ
ô˵Ҳһ䲻徣ҲΣôҲǸˡ
ɵǰԼ·ߵջѾߣЬ䣬˵͹⿴Լһۡ
ǱԼҪúһɵѣǾͲһˡ
......ȷԼÿ
ңʮֵײС
µڣҲǵòӱסû취ĸоָоڶΣ˵صͷ
ûпȹǲڵĻҳĬĬ
Ѽˣ˳ǣٿһԺͲ㿴ˡ
ĬƬ̣ûסʵҪǶ࿴أ
Ǳͽ˰ٳЦЦ
ĺÿɣǿźΪ˼ұɫ԰ף˵⻰ʱȻһ˿˿ɭ
......
֪ڿЦ˵ﻰŵùԹԱ͡
ְСŴζӰСҲˣŵţȸˡ
һӱģԼŵöҿѺһһ
ţ
Ťͷײһߡ
Ƴһۣƫƫɫ
......
˰죬һĻ˭ÿ
ԭ̲ס˵ڿ
......
оҪԼˡ
ſӼ˿ӲˣȻڵκʰ˸ӣȥס
ϰͬݶߣҹ˯ʱ˯ĺܲʵȥڴ
ȻǸˣҹ˯һҹ糿ǼҲۣҲᡣ
ǡСӦһ
ѿһۣʲôҲû˵ͷš
ԥƬ̣ϥһţҲˡ
šԭΪӦû뵽Ȼ˵㷴Ӧ
ȹڣͷ˳ȥ
һţκ⣬һʣˣ
ƳһۣȻ棬ôѷ˸ͽȥ
ָʹԼԼȥǸ
κЦǸһ㡣
ҹֹ̫ҽײ˵ºܣҲƼˡһֱδȥź£һǲ밭µۣһµҹ飬鷳
ǻ˵ϹƲ죬ȴҲܸԼҲȥҩ
Ĺգκһۣȹȥвɷʰǰᵽȥס
˵ѸڣмȴһţӴŽȥһݾԶϻֵģպʢһװ׵С
鶼ǲɷŮվ´һ磬ΪĶݺ󣬱˸ݲȥˡ
ҹڵ̫ãѵ磬綼˯ˡ
һһ˯˯˰ԺشӴɷպöŽ˱Цŵū澻˵Ҫأû뵽ˡ
˯еãԴκģɤӸɵҪð̡
һҡҡԴвɷԼһˮ
һ걻ˮɤûôˣصµҩȥҩţٻš
ɷͷЦŵ˯ŵʱκһˣ˵½úЪţҩ鱾һūģôͷͰĵŰɣźµͲͷˡ
һǾͺá
*
ţɷȻԴһūЩˣʱŷһţ˵˸ġ
̫࣬ūûʱ佻ԼţҴҽң˺һȻһų
ҲδūҲ֪Ǻġŵݸ
Ҳһɻ󣬽ӹź򿪡
һذǷĵϣü𣬡Ժţֱˣ͵ǰ
˭дţɷŲһ裬ʡ
ҹƢ㲻϶ãܽҹûмˡ
һȻ
ɷҲüѾݿôдš
Ҳ֪ȻԴǲпӡݿףȴһֱԼдšϴдûֱˣû뵽Ĳģɻ鵱սš
ǧǸ޷ǾǿƯƼáɷ约½Ȼ򶯣ͷžȥȻ˽ᡣ
ȻӲãĺÿҹﻹջԴŻ
ֲɵӡ˸ۣвɷһյƣǷŸˡ
ɷµûȻ˵Լ⣬ֵԼΣݿףȫܽȨƣֻڽһϡ
ȻĹ˵Ǽٵģ˵ģҲԭ
Ժſϣӡ
ɷԱߣƬ̵ձŵӣҪһ˻ȥ𣿡
Բڴ㲻˹һ˻ȥҪˡ
ҲЩգȻǲԼŵģһ˻ȥĻԵʮ
һҪģ϶ǵ׼ܲԼױ﷭ٴȥ
Ҫȥ˵Ļʮ֡
ص̾һǵԼϣҲ֪ô졣
⾣ҲǸռ޽ֱԺŶûܼȨҲԼУŵȥҾ˵
Ҫȥ˵˵ɷ뵽һȥˣƬ̺
ȥҾ
Ժֳ︡ӣܸ¡
ˣһȥ԰ɡ˫ֳ°ͣ˹


5 
ȥѵʱѾЩˣǿϻϵҶҡɳɳ졣
ƹţ㿴κ⣬Ѿ˵ƣɴͶһߴӰһ飬ͷؿš
κ⿴æȭһ񣬡ôˣ
һǵӰӣҵ¡
ȥɣκҲûʲô£ûͨ˼ֱÿ·ݡ
Ƭ̣ͷһл
ߵſڣһţδ˵Щ䵭
ַϣԥҪҪ˵¡
ǹģʮ˭䣬һ˿˿ͣӲҽȥˣЩˡ
᲻᲻ͷԼ˵ֱ꣬ӽԼȥá
üͷ𣬷е鿴ſڣ棿
һƿ̽һֻԴȥСң¡
Сö
ʲôЩ⡣
ߺյЦһŲӯ˽ŵҺ´ŵ¡
ұк£ָղǱ飬̧̧Ƥӡ
ǻŵӣǵӲ............ֱµ
ѵлֱ˵ŤŤġ
......
ĿԼĽżϣһһ£˵ǻգӲãҪƳ٣ӺһЩٻȥ
˵꣬ԼؽֵҪǲһҲûϵһ˻ȥ
ֻҪһߵ̴ӣԼһ.......
Ľżڵ˼Ȧ˼ôڡ
֪ˣȳȥɡ˼Ƭ˵
֪Ĵ㾿
Ƴһۣڵպ󣬱ؽһˣȽκȥ֪һ
ôպܳ
Ҫǳŷ˲ʵҪԼΪѳᡣ
£Գȥˡϲ徲ʱϲ˴
죬ԥһǵӲãҪһ˻ȥ
ûôǽһ˻ţǸˡ ̲κ׼ãԳȥˡ
˵Щʲô۷һɨȫ˶
ǡü˳۵ӦһȻ̵תߡ
ߵſڣͷһۣѾͷ飬ֻðš
ߡκֵģ̾һ
ǵģǰĶʮŮΪЫԸס½ųϲΪȢ˸ҲûôԼԭΪСӵӰӣû뵽ųգǵˡ
ǰ·˼ŤͷʣԵµӣպܳ𣿡
κһ£ԴΪ
ʵڵĶֻҪסˣټϺúպǿԵġ̫ҽ˵ˣڸо
üĿǳԽˣæȰȰ£ҿԼţ鷳¡
Ļκ΢΢һ㶡
ˣҲˡ
һκ⣬̾Ϣһ̵شŽݡ
뿪ѺȻһκ⺰˽ȥ
ȥûպһš谵ĵɫԽ԰ףκԥƬ̣ѡȰ˵һ
ֿһ¡
ӣˣʲôµġ
ͣƬ̣ʲô£˵йȥΪһΣʱеȹٶס
κһ£뵽ĴŴ磬ԼʵǴĴ⡣
ԭЩǳǰ͸ñõģºŻЩͬԱûü
û뵽
ظбһۣ롣
ǡκ֪ҵһȵˣԲδ档
ԥƬ̣ǽſڷѣ˵˾䣬Ҳǵ¡
¡ѸԼһ裬Ҳ֪˵κ⣬˵
κ֪ԼȰ˵ֻȥȥ̫ҽѯѵ
*
Դκָźѵһҩ󣬽㲻ȥźźͺҩ
ĵգκŹܼԺӣĹܼȨС
ΪϤҲûóȻظıأֻ˹µģȻǽ±ǡ
һգ۱ȥգʹŮˣﶼŶнΣмµȹ
ЩԭøģֻǰЩӵ»Բѣһţûü׼ˡ͵ЩǸƳģţЩʱūٸһ
áһ˼޵ĴҴ٣ӱʵѡеϲǰͼյĹ򣬽ûи׼óȥȹҲûŪһֱ
·Σջŵ̫Զˡ
ūźױɣЦؿߵΪͷ
»ڶϣΪԼױպܺãԽûоܾ
ױϣ˰࣬ŲɷţѵȺ
Ѳδȶãյݵű㱻򿪣κ
ڵͷýżСʯӣŵ̧ͷ
һɫۣ֯ںڵͷٿһĵǿźΪƽһĨƽϵ⡣
峿ϣ϶һɫĹâŶأ
ĳɵɵվͥԺû˵
ѿ㶵ģʶüǰͣסˡ
¡ֽŶʱ֪ŵ
һɫСŹһ۽ԥƬ̺ݸ
ʶӹ磬ȻŷӦǽԼ硣
ʱЩ֣˵ĿⶼԼϣòӲͷƤǰ£С£Ϊ硣
ղɫֻ࣬Ƿɫɲ԰ס
û˵ֻ̧ͷһ壬ž档
ûоܾһ磬̧һͷϵĴӡ
ӴţСӰ۽һһģСʮ棬һ¡
ѵĿɰ׵ϣ˶ʲôҲû˵
ܿϵãʶǡ
ˣ¡վ
ԭѵӲãǲԼšڿţ־ûô뵽׻û˵ɨ˵Ļ
ѳĬƬ̧̧̣ƤĴӡ
ȻʲôҲû˵Ͷжȡյ˵Ϣ
......εصͷԵһ
߰ɡʲô
еΣظ󣬺ܿ㵽ſڡ
ͣſڵ͵ݻſڹһɫľƣдһ֣ʾ˵ݡ
µõİʣÿ
ıӰڿߴȹӵͷ
ÿӽȥѾ˶٣ؾصֱߡ
ϲ裬ںĳ滹Ƹ׼ĸ㣬ǶӶ˿Եһ档
κ潻һ㷭
ֻнˣЩĿж⡣
û㷭һ飬ϴš
͵͵ؿһۣģǷࡣ룬κĻǱɰʼݲ衣
ʱе跽ϻεκ˵ϲ裬ԾûЩֻһȥ
ݲʱ棬ȫ˼棬ˮ๾ؿˣӹסѣѺԼһ衣
û˵ֻǰذǱƵѵǰ
һУ̧ͷȴԼް
ûգգԥƬ̣̽ ²糢ݵĲ裿
ѵĿǱɫĲϣšһֵͷ顣
裬Ա߷һ飬гһ
ãǱһڣȻһ䣺пɡ
̧ͷá
ƵغǱ裬ĿڽеĻϣüͷȻ壬ģ
ţ ̧ͷʵʵػش𣬡ҼϷһ飬պ£һ
Ѵ﷭һûʲôÿģҪ㿴
е飬ԹԵѡǱ顣
ѡСӡˣϧȥ
뵽ղƺЩ죬ֺȻԼǱ飬ֱֹ͵͵һǱ飬Ҫﲻԡ
һͿ˲˵Ķ
ǡ¼
СһҲСޣүҡ
......
죬Ľһ־ʲôҲû˵ԼԽͷԽ顣
ʲô˵־е
Ѻüۣޱ飬ʲôҲ㬵ĵͷ


6 
ڽεļ϶ڽſͣ
ɷκǰÿǽȻŤͷȥѡ
һ˫ϸֳԼǰ΢΢һ٣Ŀǰɨסơ
ƺܴ󣬽ȫȫס
......
عͷһοؿĸ֮ɫ
ֻһǽǣԼְ.......
Ŀ֮£ƺҲϴˡ
Զ˺ܹ˵ʱϴŰͽֺãԽŮҲ̬Ⱥࡣ
ֻȻǵҪԼ޸飬Բ
ĸţ¹׵ûн̺ãЩӡǵ²ˣֻܽѵǡƳһ۽ͽֺõسѵ
Ļн̲סüëһ䡣
ûڣѱ˵ˡ
΢䣬ϵЦҲѵ˼֣Ѿ뱾ǱرɢһЩҲ˸˵л
ˣܻʵ۳谮ٲ˭˵һ䲻ף
ǽûɫҲ֪⻰ǶԼ˵ģһֵ¹Խˡ
û˵յʱЩ
Щ⣬ͷû뵽ȻάԼ
ڳû뵽ѸƫͷһۣײĿ⡣
ɫ룬ʱ򣬴ѹѹ
ԺǰҪ㡣ɿ֣ͳֻǶ
......Ȼˡ
Щգֲýֻͣܵͷšһ
һֱѲڣҲͲ
ܿ죬ͷϱ˺顣
ĺȴ˺ˣԭΪλ¿ºͣԼԼġ
û뵽ô˵棬Ȼڽſڱһ
ȻҲԼ˵仰Ǹǡ
ǽĶãΡ
䣬ͽݰɣĸǸųԵӣŮȴǡ
ϲ࣬Ϊʮġ
ûӻСϱƵģΡ
·𲻾ΣĿϣһ˿Ρ
ѵַεķϣ۶Ƶ·û˵ͷ
ãԽƱȥ
ǡͷƶߡ
һοؿһ۽ࡣ
ĶŮǺõģǴŮεġ֪ԼԹͰ޸ԼϷ
˾пɽֱﵽԼͷˡﻹǵΪıôЯס
˽󣬽üĸ뽭ȥ˺Ժ˵Լŵճӽǰдѡ
˸ղǰ֮˵С࣬͸¶Ź;
*
ͼĸʵûʲôĵģӳĬûǰʮ²źͺ˵һ仰
ǽͽ࣬ڱЦ
㣬˵ܹ֮ȫΪǸд֮ˡΪᣬҲ֪྿
˵ʱд֮̽ɫ
ǰˣڽǰҲˣ෴ʵǸǵˡ
ֻʱƣԼûʱ򣬱һᵨӣģ
һ˵
ⲻ֪㲻С˵־ЩЦ룬˳˽һ䣬Ȼǰ㣬Ҹ񣬸ս·¾ˡ
°ͣЦؿŽࡣ
ǧĺ꣬ʲôի죬Ȱƣ̲豾ʣ
Ҫǲţȥʵ¡
һЦֻǺ棬˼õǰȥʡ
ˣ˵Сӣ˸ʹʮ䶫ǲΪ²ѡϲģʵ
......
ǴҥԣǸװ׵Ĵ
¶һЦ㶼˵˵ˡôҪأĻһûӡ
棬Ǽٵ棬Լദʮ꣬ô᲻أ
ãǸر˽ס
㣬ô˵ңһίԭģôż޸գͱˡ
˼һֱ
΢΢һЦҼǵǰҽģǺҽģôѧˣˣܺģԹԺ¡
㣡ؿŽû뵽ȻۡΨΨŵŵ춼ҵĽȻڹĨǵļԼ
㿪Цġס֣ε˭һֱûأȥǡ
Ťͷ˵
̾Խĸ׹߻ˡ
ֹ߻ˣĶ񶾡һڲ衣
ЩΣΨΨŵŵǸ̾һҲúͽƽˡ
˵ʵͦлϵġ
ΪƢųԴΪԼе˼ʹĴĥԭŮ
εһűˣһȲվ뽭ȥǰš
ǰѾˣȽȻһ䣬ˣ
Щ죬ӣȻػԼ뵽ԼţֳάԼҲЩĹۡ
ңȻܿԼģʲôûбֳ
ͷſӴ˴룬Ҳ㲻ϲģֻλǲΪУż޸µġ
У
ѽ޸үˣүģƫͷ󵨿һЦ
ѷ¿ӣڵӿô£
ȻΪǰЩӱ˵Ļʮ䶫վѾһУ¸ʹʮ䶫
ʮ䶫ûС
......
ȥҽκѶȥǡѲһۣЩЦ
Ҳ˼æڰ֣Щ˼
ֻҥԼûдЩ⣬ϾЩǻʵ۸ġණĶ
ѼƺûҪ˼û˵ˡ
ΪڵԵʣϺܰĵϵԡ
ʱϵͳʾ͸ˡ
Ϥĵε𣬽һ⣬̧ͷ
[вƣл⡣ںͽһţƷζԱߵɷͻȻʹ.æ鿴
㷢֣һ̿סˡ
취ȴ.СͻȻû˺
ʵŭΪɷѳᡣ
ΪԾȣѡ1סɷ֣˵£ĽѾãһһҪҸӡ
2ȵеɷɺȡ]
......


7 
һ㣬ĴСҲͺࡣ
ѩ׵⣬ڼһھͻζһǰԼԺ롣
ڣޱض㣬˼ֻԼ㣬µ˻᲻Լ
Ͳˣ»ҹڲɿŲòѡ
ڿɿֻҪѲ㣬һ
˼䣬κѾʢһ滹⡣ſӣסǿ......
£Ҫһֻֻ롣
ŤͷĿ̽
治ɫÿӲϵǿ⣬˵Լǰ׵ͷ
ʲô¿ӣü
Ҿõúȡͷһڽһڵغ̧ͷС˵
ڵǰ񣡡üǳСشѵɫΨȻȥ
ѿȴûҲûѵ⽭˼
ūΪʢһκˣæһ룬ҪΪʢ
ںĶһ٣һ⣬ŵͷԡ
Ŷù꣬ԼĿһ±˶ˡ
Ҿݽ۲죬ƺЩ񱣬ϲķˡ
ƤĻţѧȥˣڵǰȻ˲֪С㶮¡˵Ѹˡ¹ٽŮ޷
ϲԵ㡣ѷ¿ӣһ۽
һֱûҿϵȣ֪ڿԼ
κ⣬ʢһ뼦
ǡκؿһ۽ĵĥ͸
һȻˣӦþͲᱻ̿ҲͲ˰ɡ
ȻûüˣһϤʾ
һء
̧ӣǰϵǶַ˱仯
[вƣл⡣ںͽһţƷζԱߵɷͻȻʹ.æ鿴
㷢֣һͷסˡ
취ȴ.СͻȻû˺
ʵŭΪɷѳᡣ
ΪԾȣѡ1סɷ֣˵£ĽѾãһһҪҸӡ
2Եеķˣɷ޷ɳԡ]
סף˺ð죬Щĳ֡Ťͷǰ뼦ҪҪ̲סŭˡ
үڻԾϵͳʲôΪʲôҪһЩֹ֣߳ܵ鰡
ô˵棬˵仰ĻǸҸطȥˡ
ѱͲϤóȻ˵⻰Լɫǵİɣ
Թؿǿ鼦飬סе߳ܣͣظԼ衣
ûϵģûϵġ
͵׶ץסˣںһ仰
أĺ߳ܰ
ʲôѾãһһҪҸӰ֡
һһͨ졣
ʱѺȻŤͷôˣ
һ٣̵̧ͷ˵£˵
£ӣ˹ؼǿ鼦飬͵С
ԭԥĽ˲˾һץס֣߳ܣΧĿⲻڣؿѣȻյϣ۾СĽѾһһҪҸӣ
Ϊ˷ֹԼû˵ڣͣ٣һ˵ꡣ
˵仰ͷɿطſ֣еĿӣͷװԷ
͵˰ɣˮӶȾ⡣
װûв̽ߣֻڹһһжӦ
֮һ
һͷ޲档
ڽˣѾϾȥ˼ǵĿˡ
*
ùţѺͽˣҪ㱻κү̫õɾܾˡ
ҲֻöԽ£㳣Һĸס
ҵص˵ͷûϸ˵ʲô
⣬ΪûԼ
ӽǰãһֱ
ղʱΣûлôѶ
һҪղԼ˵Ļôͣ
ɫֱ䣬һһס
ʱдѵűӣ
......
ðɣǺһˡ
ȹÿӿһۣ΢΢סȹӣſڣԶľ롣
ޱϣɫЩ԰ףɫģЩˡ
¡ֺõЦЦȻͷ޴롣
ڴ˿̣ȻЦһ
ʶ̧ͷǷ⣬һ˫ֽڸ˭Щ
......
ĹӵؿһѣСû˭̡
뽫ϵͳ
û˭̣ŲӣҶһ¡
ǡ
һѺȻǱ¼ַ
б׹Ũʣϸϸšöʮֺڶ˵Ƭʱ·ҲȾһ
˲ȸղŸ
......⻰ôô¶ǵŶΣ޲ȥҲҪﵱڴ̡
һ仰Ҳ˵
֪ЩĶϷͷһʹһҵԼͷϡ
ס飬̵ؽסҪѪա
.....Ҵˡϴ
......ܻ´Ρ
˭һڻԾϵͳ
Ѳõȥ䳭ʮ顣
ǵҵ伮ʹ˾񡣽Ӧ£Ϣɥࡣ
ǵùΪ˾ȴҪ飬ѡ
֪졣Ƴһۡ
̫ˡֱգͼƱ硣
û˵ֻûаŵ˼
Ȼÿķ
......
䣬ܴ󣬷պֱģͷ
ѣҲ֪ΪʲôһҲ硣
û˵ίͰ͵ŲŲ
缦״̬һֱάֵ˻صͷ˳СŽһ仰Ҳ˵
κ⽫ѷʵ£ôˣ
ڽʱ˻ۡ
ûС֣Էʱģ˵Ļ
̧̧ƤһǵĶӵıӰȻЦһ


8 
һüգûżɢҲ͵͵ؿڲڡ
ʱ˿ǳʮ䣬ֻÿγųž˯
չȥ仹ûãȴֳˡ
ʱڻãϣԱ߷űīֽ⣬Լһ䣬ֻд˼ֵİֽ
΢ůˣɫĻ䵽ϣڷȹȫСһϷڰڣһ˯ˡ
һһ˯͵硣
ȽʱһյĹѾҪ꣬仹û϶١
վ˱˸ϵĻȫ
ԺһذɫĻȻǷɷ磬ժ㻱ɡ
һ뵽ĵ㣬Ҫˮ
ɷ˽֪ϲԣɳѾˣսǲˣʲôū澽ȥ
ȹڣıԼӰ̨ףˮƬԽԽáкӼгһ⼸Ե̫嵭Щ˾ˮ
Ĳ˲ǲóԣѿζ嵭Գĳֲ˶Ƚ嵭н˺ܲϰߡ
Ų˵Ƴվһˣͷһκѡ
Ϊϣûп
ͬʱϺȻεΡһǰһ壬дţ
[вƣлϦһʯͷպɷ򣡻ʵŭ㶾ѳᡣ
ΪԾѡ1ʮ죬ÿضɷ˵һ黰
2.ԭص]
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˵䣬ĽżڵϻȦ̧ͷѡ
˼Լ˵ûôٷԼ䡣
ǡκ⿴һѣûзԵ˼ߵԶվš
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ѳ극ü۶չࡣһۣҪ˵Щʲôվһ仰Ҳû˵뿪


9 
ڶһ磬ţʱѵſڡ
Ѹպóմһ°׵ɫƣĵƤԽİףɡ
ĴһͨݴʶѾԺתһȦ
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ޱؿΪ
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ΪСۡԴһԴ
ڵȴϵͳɣǵ˰Ҳûȵǵȵѵۡ
ʮ䡣һ䵭ûб򶯡
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Ѧ̫ûǿֻǰˣºʵҪȥɽԣʱ;һ
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˵Ϊʲô׵ϷȻף򽭷գҪѡиѳϲ׾Ӧ¡
ݱŸ첲°ͺ޲̧ȥûҡ
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С˼ϳûôࡣô˵ϲ˲ҪĶϲ㾡ܷģȻһԣʲôöףȽᣬʯöֿҲͲˡ
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ǰһллȻȻôл޸Сأô߹ǰҲҪغһС𣿡
һ󣬾ͲˣȻ˻˵㣬Ǻôһæ
㾹ȻңҪȥһĸݱһͨ۾ˡ
С𣿶ˣ֪״˸ۣû
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һգȻסСܹȥӵĶ˵£˼ֺ۰˼Ҵ
Ứ˼ؿŽ
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лҪ˵Ҫö񶾴ܶ


10 
ڣޱؿ
Ľ˵ԽԽСԽԽûеģֱġ
군ˣ˰......
ҪݣԼҪˡ
ͷջ֣ٿѡ
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Ϣ䣬ȺԼݿ޼ɵظ״ѣغƨ
࣬˻һݶ㶡
޵ĸС壬ҡ
أһ׵Ůˣܵ
ͣͷ޴ؿһѣҲܲ˵£Ҳˣ
˵Ǹ˵Ǹعѵ
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ҪעһΪϲԼͳǸļҡ
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ĺöˣףһ°ɣСɰԾͿյһöСŶ


11 
쿪ʼÿһ ׼ʱķ䷹ֻĻɲ࣬ʳ޲ϰߣ극ˣÿռ뽭˵˼仰
......
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лͷʾκըȻκԼ˷䡣
˺þãʶըû
ֻǺûҪȫ
ãȻؿıӰ죬ʧڴŵĹսǴ


12 
һĻ壬κ뿪ȴһµı飬̲ס¶һĨЦ⣬͵
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13 
ź󣬽ͦųԵıСӣڴµϣﱧһӱһûһµš
ӱвɷģģָرá
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14 
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15 
һ仰ˣýŭؿĿⲻƵ²ǽȥ׫żôҲйˣ
׫żйһԡ佫һ˦˲㽫ȴ򿪣յǰҡš
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лҪ˵


16 

ÿһοϵͳĳ嶯ͲǸˣϵͳҪѸ磬ûѾεֺͷðˡ
ľϣȵ壬Ǽ⻹һɵҩ㡣
Χɫɽˮ㣬Ϫ߻Ų֪ɫСǸ˷ĵĵط
ȴоЩԾҡҡλΣƺʱҪˤȥ
Ҳû룬һץסѵĸ첲ͷһۡ
ɫ԰׵ļ͸ǿźԡԼƤһƣ̧ס۾ʲôٿڵӡ
ֱҲףȴˡ
ʹڲԼǲˣ̲סʣ£ﲻ
ѿһ£㲻Ҫ˵̫롣
ְĺЩ٣̲ס룬ҪϵͳȻ֪ˡ
׼Źȥ
򴽣ȻŤͷһѹסĲӣѹԼӣȻĿУ쳤ȥ
͵˺ˣ롣
ǲͬ»ҹǸǣ»ҹ˵ǣ˵졣
ʱţԵһİˣֺ¶ԷͻȻۣľսϾȥǸǡ
ǲͬѶţᵽϳҩ⣬ڵһ˿Ĳ㡣
ͨͨԼ֪Լŵԭ
ΪӿԴڵ￴ԼĵӰ˾۵Сۣǹãǽһ˲䣬뿪Ĵ
֪ǲǴΪϵĴ֬մȾѵĴȥˣĴɫú
û˵ɽִԼĺϣޱؿŽ
գգһͷƣ磬ð˼ҺϲŶ~
ѣ
ԶԶȥɽˮƣʢɫСĲݵϣɫһһ紵˷˿轻һ𣬷ֲ徿˭ͷ
ĸһòʮֳɫһڵ繵ˡ
ʵȴˡ
ĻƤһ̧ƺڴ
ϢȻĿУ̧޳ڴϲһ£Цһлл佱
ͷͣƬ̣ʾҲܰ

䣬̫߳ˡ
עĿһֱδƿ˵ʵͽͣղʲô
һҭ֪Ҫ⣬Щ죬ͦͦţֱҲ׳׶ˣ⻹𣿡
ΪҪ˿ģЩͷۣ̲סǡ
ˣôͻȻطԼѾ˴ȥˡ
ƫƫӶûӡ
ܲ˵ΪԼˡǴȥҪˡ
ϾԼ˳
̵ջ֣Ťӣͷһһµظ̤ѩëסϵĺΣ̲ס׾ˣѵ𣿡
ˣҪƲסԼ߳ˡ
飬ҲɬòãֻɬĴˣѾľ
ⲻߣԣҲ뵱СӣϷѣŮåQAQ
Ҫӵ
ȷʵԡѿһĺףͷѵһĳ嶯
ֻǡมһȻװͷڹ겻˵
ѣ
Ǹܵ˵Σ̤ѩһ磬һݣһڵϴת
̤ѩȻԵȥֿѵĻ
ĻůˣΪԼҪ
ܿؾֱˣҲдǿԼƽȵĺ
뷽ŵһԼô߳ܵ飬˵߳ܵĻǳʮȫһۿɼٶȣɫúҲˡ
ʮֻɣԼǲС˲ξתЧôôͼӰأ
Ȼֻ²ۣ֪µģϵͳ
˵ϵͳ񶼺ֻԼϵͳɫʮֻϵͳǲǴpopoġ
ȻҲԼı仯ŻúзǰףȴȻˡ
ΪʹṦµȲʹҲûˡ
ʮƽʱԼзļ󣬳̫ҽģҩԡֹڵĶ
ʲôҲûȴȻתΣΪ
ԣҲʲôûղŷˡ
ѵ˵ԣǸѳɵ룬Ȼؿһ۽
˶ûп˵պȻͺΣںܿѰĻκ˴˿͡
£
κԶԶؾͿˣͻǳæū٣ˡ
ɡ
û̫κ⣬ͻȻֶ׷κ뻤ûӦ⡣
ûһһȺ˺һ£Ȼ˹ȺС̫ӵˣԭҲȴ˽Ѿһ£æ׷
С壬û°ɣС̫ϣ´һɫҲû˵ĺۼһ
ֿܿеЩ죬һС壬𣿡
ûˡ
˳Ŀ⣬һϵȻüԽ˵óб
գգ۾ŵ쵽ǰ
ĺͮͮģƤ滹ȾŰɫѪ˿Ѿ裬Ƥ𪣬ԱͿźܿ¡
ôҲ˵üͷš
ʵʵ˵ˡ
̫߳ܣԼϵˣһᣬָоۡ
۶ˣƳһۣ˾䣺𣿡
е㣬´ͲˡԼģΪԭ黰񣬵ʶһ黰
ѣ
˵꣬Ȼе㲻Ծ̧ͷһ˵Ŀⶼϡ
С̫ӱһѾ仹Ц
ưˡ
ͷһҲԡ
ʱɨһۣĿдž棬Ȼͷ
סûǰ
ԹԵذԼݸȻһϵ˿ڹ
ȥ̫ҽ˵
ϵӣ̵£ûдᡣ

£һֻ֡

ЦԽ˵²ᣬͲҪΪˡ
ô¶֪ϧˡ
Ҳֻ̿ûֵԡ
лҪ˵ȿȣpopoӦö֪ҾŮϵͳʺܷϣ
̲סдǽ


17 
ãӦˣΪ·һֱûкԼ˵һ仰
ҲӦϾԼǿּᡣ
飬Ѿùͷ
Щϵͳɵĺ£ϵͳǿԼġε̾յĲĶˡ
ȥǶͬһģϾѲܽͱͬһ
ȥ·ϣܰһԵѵĻ˵
ĵµ۲ۣ̫ҽúøѰ
С̫Ҳӻ͵СŵˣиʲộʶҪñӳҡһҪ̫ҽûˣȽû¡
û뵽˷С壬ҲΪŮӲһеһ СȽŲ㣬׶ãȴСµʱҲûȥ
СС֮ĸãǷˡ
뵽֮ͽջһװ۵ĵܵܣС̫ӵǾͿƲס
ҹС̫ӵ뷨࣬һ³Ƕ֪뾣ٳ֮ˡ
ѴһۿԼУȻܰˣҵȲۣҲδʲôˣǲصġ
˵˻ǲģֱصø̫ҽŹֱȷº󣬲ŷġ
ֽ̫ҽϵ˿ڣΪŮӣС̫Ӻ˱ȸˣֻѣϴ˿ڵ̫ҽ
ܰԱһԲ̫ҽĶ
͵͵ؿüۣ̫ҽֶֻӣʰҩźСʣ£𣿡
Ѳŵ壬ɫ
Լ룬ϴ£Ҵˡ
ֻ´δŻҡ
̧ɨһۣǲ˵
Ĺգգ˵㶼ˡ
˵ĿͰͣģۡ
Ѷ˶٣һ׼˵ЩʲôȴС˵һ仰
ˣҳɹˡ
˻һѵһֱӣŽʵ㡭˵ʲô
ûʲôԴҡ˲˹ġ
Ķôô飬ԼСֹԺܵС˵ˡ
棿ЦЦ
ͷΣյ񣬽Ͱ͵ʲôҲû˵ʲôҲû
Ѵһ̣ǰᣬɲɣʲôˣ˵˭ǹأ
˵㡭Ȼǡ
Ŀ⣬ӲýҪ˵ڵĻȥ
ɤӣͼתѵע£̫ǻأҪҪȥ
ȥȥ¸
ͲӦƶ죬Ҫˡ
˵˭СѲһ顣
΢䣬ƺȸղŸˡ

ҡľ
ѣ
һʱ侹Ȼ֪ǸЦǸˡ
ѲǺܶӲ󣬵ɫ죬ųԵϷԼʮְƶ졣
ʲôҲû˵ͷһ£Ȼ󵭵˵һ䣺ȥʮ䡣
ڽûüʱɨһۣ¸ټʮ顣
˻һ㳹ˣ˫ſԱߵľϣ°ͷŵֱϣ֡
ѾϴˣѧСУΪʲôҪ
Ź磬Ѿƽϣֻ㳭дʮ䣬ѵ㻹⣿ָεķۣ΢
Ǹ֪ɫģæҡҡͷ
⣬⣬ͷⲻˡ
һټ⣬ǵȥԼȥʮӣ⼸ձ
ô˵üë𣬡²ݿ·ʱ޴̤ѩҲŻᾪġ
ݣɫκȥݿ
˶٣ֵн򸾣һ
κӦ뿪ãһ˵ʵۺѦ̫Լˡ
ҪӭӣȴѰסˣ̧һ£Ųæʲô
־ܴ󣬽ۿһӾͺˣ۽ǹˮҪ׹׹
ίͰ͵Լߵؿ
ǸֹأСûĵġƳһۡ
һ£Եؿ
ܿ죬Ѧ̫ͻʵ۽ˣһž͹ػѣ˶˵
ʵ۵Σв֮´򲻿³ç
Ѧ̫̫ҽô˵ģӱθȥ׷ܾ˵
ǹػ̬ȣѵǺƽͻֺ̫ǣ¡
ֻˣ˾ţίţղŻںҿޱӡһƬΡ
ί֣лʵۿһ۽ģʵô£ԭ˵ϱԵʣôһ˵ƺԭ򣿡
˵ȴѦ̫˻ͷЦһ£ŵݿǰͷݲãԭСЦȴ֪С
ݣСǸ
ݿǰ֪ˣССˡ
⺢һ³çˣξȻŵСͷȥһµľӡ
Ѧ̫һͨףʵҲ˵ʲôģҽѶ˲£ҲֻܸѦ̫ӡ
Աߣ۾һݣû©ϵĵ⡣
ɶݾȻǰȥѦ̫ɽ
ѱװ俿ԱߣʣϷ𣿡
ͳȵĺڽĲϣ̲סӡ
ᡣСӦ¡
šѽڵץס֣ûӦʱ򣬺Ȼһ
Щҽгһӱ˳
ҧҧŸϷʱȻһ
һҧȻסԼĶӣϣµ¡ҵĶӣҵĶӺۡ
ѱסɫʮֽȥ̫ҽ
£ǵĺӡ
ѱһ٣Ŀдž档
գգ۾ǵ½Ϸ
ΪݼĴܸشȾЬࡣ
ʵɫ䣬һ̫࣬ŭ⵽ûĻ𣿿ȥԺУ
ô̫ҽ˵ʮòУܳ¡
̫ȥ̫ҽˣѱŽκ⽫ƽҡ
ŮǷŽɵϣѾڴߣŮȥ׼ˮͲʱ/Ľûˣݵô棿
һЦ£װΣ
ѵˡ
ȸ߱⺢ġ
лҪ˵ѣҲŶû˯ĺӣ


18 

ЩΪԼˣɵһ䣺˵ʲô
ɫӣԼûע⵽һɱ⣬߱⺢˭ģ
ۡһЦڴıӣЦĶۡ
Ҫǹ˼ˣܹЦ
ģȻΪԼˡ
ЦѼٴҲ֪ԼЦˣЩѪô£
ۼЬģȴûмʲô
ЦỨˣԼЦЩ۵Сֵ´չһ㣬Ҹ㡣
ǰ㣬ü
Сؽ͵ˡ
ѣ
ģûԼﳩࡣ
ԴԺиҰʱ򣬾Ͱе䣬Сذ
Ȼʹˡ
бһۣһղżװʱôأ۾֮Ժвϰ㣬Ƿ۾֮
ûе˵ôء
ǻΪлȥֵ
Ҳ˼ģ˵мûԭҲû룬ղŶ۵ʱžòԡ
У֪Բѡѿϣ
ֻһΣ²Ϊ۾Ҳ붼ر˻ѡ
ȥǱӡʮ顣һ
ýǼԣԺ󻹻ٷ
ǳ鰡
ͷһԼֻ֣ͼѸı⡣
ҵֶˣղŻˣ顣Ͱ͵ġ
Ƴһһ֣˿ûϧ񣬡Ǿ͵Ȭ˳

ǼǺԼղųЦⱨ
֪ˡͷɥ
Ժĺܿ죬˻û˵꣬Žˡ
ʱѾɺãԼĶӣš
Ժһѵʾ£æʼΪʼ÷ͬϷϾô컳Ϻӣνһ˼顣
ûˣ֪жôѹ
Ҫ뾡취סеĺ
Ȼ뷨Ƭ̣㱻еɻˡ
⡭£С
ʶؿһѣζеĺΪţѾסˣǲԺУ
ԺЩһֱѵĲ˽ܲ˲㶮˼æͷӦ½ڰеСûܱס¹ͿӣѪ
šϱʹ
ˣò޶˵ݼİ˹С˿Ҫˡ
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ȿûˣһֻС£ݿѦ̫˿ȴҲûܸıʵ۵ּ⡣
ڴЦܺãü䡣
ʵۺѦ̫û̫ãǸһЩ̴뿪ˡֻн򸾣ݿѹ֮ȥġ
ûãѽ̧һԽ˱˽ӡ
л¡һɾ·Ϲ磬ѻСصл
һʹɫȴؿֻҪ´βҪٷǡ
˵һнЩ
ҡҡͷնܡ
Ѳͣ£ŮӣĬ֮ôϲ
˵ʲô֮ʣ
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ԭڴ¿飬ʵ۵ǰ
ôʹΪˣܲʱжʹ
ͷ亹ɫ԰ףصͷĺʹ
룬վɵߣ쵽Ķϡ
С£ܸоСı̲סü
⧲ؽ쵽ԼĶϣȻмһ·ӽסЩߡ
ʱԺȣС˲٣ģвٵ⡣
һͼĵؽԼСӲ
زˣôʵСӣصס𣿡ߴƵ

ллбð
Ҫ΢ЦƤЦⲻЦ°ջȥͲˡ
ȻַŵСϺ󣬵ȷһЩ
û˵ֻǴСᣬһӾ˽
СҲûôʹˣüͷչ
ѹ۲Ƭ̺󣬱֪ģüҪ֣ȻԸͲˡ

֮Сֲ̲סСҴˣࡣ
ЦһСĽҪ/
۾һֻСèǸߣëˡ
żѲˣͽַŵֱϣ£ࡣ
ѱֻü࣬һ仰Ҳû˵
ҹɫκѾϨܰźĺر۾
Ѽˣ˻Ҳ۾
һСʣ£˯𣿡
£ʡ
Щ˼ࡣ
ѣ
ղ˵ʲô
˵һࡣشںҹиԡ
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룬һ飺£˯𣿡
˯ˡ

ݵط˸ѣڰı飬ˡ
šѱۣܵ
ˡ
Ľ˯ʱüĶŵģżܵķ˯ò̤ʵ
ȥѵĻ
ϵĵڱǼ⣬̾Ϣһ׻ûƿ쵽Сš
ڶڴԺģҲˣʶѵ˲䡣
ůţϤҩ㣬ŲźȻ˹
ۣһ°ͣԼÿĺᡣ
ңԼСѾߵȥˣڵѹһӡ
ķ˸ס˷յӡ
ô죬ղһ˲䣬Ȼ˧ˣ̲ס˿ˮ
˾ȻƵͳ
Щ죬ȻЩˡ
ǵˣ˶㡣
˶׼ȴȻԼ϶˸
ڴ˿̣ϵͳʾ
һӺķ´ˤʵŭѳᣬΪԾѡ
1.ķ˵磬ΪʲôһӴң
2.ߴû



19 
峿ĳЩʱ򣬼ѻﱧԼһǧĵĴ˶㷴ӦҲ⡣
ԼӦûʲô˵ġ
õԺǾƲסҪԼ
ŴװȵŮӣü˵ĵͳ֪ˣ
ҹһģҪԼӣ˯źͶͱԼСˣ߳Ҳˣ
öģյ
ͬʱĻ֪ǵԼӦԴΪ٣ͼԼ
Уܽóѣ
뵽ϵͳ񣬽ڱﹰ˹ת̧ͷ
˵ģ۾ŸˮȻһʵ磬ΪʲôһӴң

޹ģҲ֪⻰ͨɻ
ûע⵽˵ʱСһֱ͵͵濴
Ȼֳô档
Ӽ߰ߵǰƣӽ
ޱؿŽ֪ǲһֱװȥ
յĿ⣬գգ۾޹ؿ˻ȥ
ֹУ˭գ˭䡣
˶һƿĿ⣬һȻ棬ǱԼ
һ̹ξߢģ
һ𾪣·ڿһå
ʲô֮ʣ
һװ׵Ĵô˵ĻԼǿˣԭΪǸ˷ˣû뵽Ҳͨûʲô
̫ʧˡ
Ĺ˸ݵҪ
ҪѺһĨЦĺ׵˵ʲô
װģŭ֪Ҫװ⿴Ц
û뵽Ȼˣˡ
ˡؿϡ
ȻװģǲҪ
Ȼ漰йصĶʱΪһŮӣҲẦҲ᲻˼
ΪֻߴϷŮԣǾʹشˡ
б¾¶˭䣡
һһƿϵıӣԼ
Ȼֹ㶵ؿŶмĶ
һͨ͸ԴϤΪͷġ

ڴϹȥƺͷԱߡ˯ûһϹȥܵ˴м䡣
ϸһͷѵϣһͷϡ
ΪӱӹסԼкӲȶûôԣϽϵͳ󵼣ȻûоⶫĴвԡ
ȻһҲΪֻܣûԹ⡣
ȿȣˡ
ضǸƮԴڼתͼԼӼ
ѺϾؿһһףһ˿գȻЦ
ΪʲôһֳԴӵ

ȻʲôǸ˰һ䣺Ȼʲôô
Ŀ·ɨһȦָ
ѣ
ƣȻӣסЩ
ٿͿ۵ӡǴѧģô
ѾвԼˣϰߣ۾գһ£ְ
Ѳ˲¡
ǡѴ˴ϵ⣬ζؿһۣȻɿ¡
޳˵ǿխΡ
ſڴϣ͵͵ؿţָġ
۾ǿԽͽ㡣ϵ·ӣ۾һ˵

С
˶֪С֮£ն̽Ϸȫףǰ©ڡѴ·ҡκźԼ
ԣʱ
Ժ˵СĸҪԴʮգȻپաȻСˣϷȫףһжðС
ζţҪ쾵¡
ò׳һˣΧɽ֣ûкúһء
*
ùźȥ˸ڵ鷿飬ڴŮ죬Ů˵ˡ
ʱޱңԼʹǰһۣԵɫҰס
ȥ鷿˵⼸ڽǰŽӲǸϵĴʮãүջȥѾԽ
֪ӲãǱǧεģȴұϸˡһҹδߣε˯š
ԭڴϣѻ޵ʱҲĨһᣬ˭ݿʱһ̲סЦ
̳أȡȡúð
ڽ˵ʱᣬûнмλЦģ
ˣҲڲ˫硣
ʮñˣպ󻹻УӲҪġͻС֪СӵʱܿˣԺỵ۾ġһλʮ̾Ȱ˵
⺢ӵǱĽЩ׵ˣȻҶԳ֣ĵܵܡǷ׷̾Ϣ
һ㶼ģһ̳أһ̳أҪ̲סˡ
ɫסҲǣҲǡ
˵ҲֻţݵĿûˣֻܸúȹʱͷȥˣĸȥͱ˵˵ݵĿݻָ
˵ɩιúúù̱ܽʡ⺢ӾǱ߻ˣκֺʮû˺ӣ´οɾͲ֪ʲô˵оŵһϲݡ
ȥݽŮһ£ȴΪ̫໤һҲûУŮȴΪϵỊ̇ڸһǴꡣ
˺޶ݣμݵ˻ʵ۵׵ܵܣ˴£˿ݣ˽￴Ц
ϧûݣܸһ㡣
˵⺢ӶһŽʿԭſݵãûˣ޹ȥ𣿡ʳأһӡ
ҼұȾٹӶףԺǿԣضİıʡЦ
ɫѿЩûסȥ
;ŵòġҧ
ģʵڳԹϡһͨҵģЩ̲סƽкá
ԼˣʲôЦЦ֪þգûټ
ֽοһͨԼСʱЯȥ
û˻ǼСһ۾֮˶Ь˳
ˣԼһ⡣֪СҪֻ뿪ˡ
ڴһĽĺɫҪٵʱӭһˡ


20 
ǽã뽭˵֮£нö̽
ɻشϣӲǵĵмװһģ
㣬㲻Ҫ̫ģãԺкӵġĽûһӱ̬Ȼߣǵذο
лǹģҶ֪ܡصͷһˡ
뽭һۣǲҺÿСסһʱ䣬ƽ˵˵
ǰûΪѹˣ˿ҲŬԼԵᣬԣҲͲһֱѹˡ
ϰԼǿ׳ģ˿̼˺ƣ֪أʶش˸
쾵̫СʰԺӣǡܡ
쾵ס£ҲǿǶ˶δ޵ĹܷܲҪסһԺӣҪǴȥҪҪˣ
˼Ƭ̣ǾͲŽˣϻסҲС
ö˲ϤȴͻȻڣ϶ͼ
Ըǲһ𣬱Ҫܾ
࿴ɫһΧŮ㣬֪ɷ񷽱˵仰
ȳȥЩҪԼ˵ʲôŮȳȥ
ֻʱȻͳһŷŵС㣬Ҹһš
ţҪغˡ
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21 
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ˣѡУѡĸ
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Ѵָؽţһ
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22 
ƻйģɽУˮơеƶǷɫģڰǽͶůĹߡ
Ȼһ£Է£ݲ԰ס
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23 
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24 
ԼߵģһղŲʮ㣬Ҫб𣿡
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ڻǵãǹԼ֮һƬˮޣ΢죬϶룬ԵҼˡ
ţЩڸȵķա
˭ʱˣ֮£Щʧ롣
ƳһۣͰ͵ʲôû룬¿ˣ
ûй컯֮£Ƿǡ
ûбûУôʲôֵؿһۣԼνݣժȽˡ
һģʲôҲûԵý̫⡣
มӦ¡
ܿ쵽ʱŮһ𽫻ϴɾɹ棬Ȼϴ¥š
Ϊϲյԭÿնͽһš
£ҹеȶˣûʲô׵°ɣѶ£αʵ
ѿһۣĿдӣЩ飬ǿʣôʲô
ջĿ⣬ƮƮûʲô㲻ǵõĻ԰

ǡˡεЦЦ
Լ䣬ǵڴ̡
΢΢һЦûǿаｭ顣
ĿζʮֻɣԼƣŷƲɡ
ţûж¥¡
ſڴϣһ磬ȻԼڳˣûиȥ
Ȼõһֽŵŵŵ¥κ˵һκÿ·ֱӽȥ
ԡȵŵһκ⹧
ͷƿŽȥˡ
ȻûˣҴˮӦԡѳõŵϣϣĵطַԱߵ顣
Щű飬Ҳ±ˣԹԳ°͵ˡ
һˮûһҵı㱻ƿˡ
Ťͷ˹ȥȻɴ۾
Ȼû·ˣ
ʲôҲûشһɫ޲ʲôҲڵס
åȻǰ
ڽҪеʱѳϵǿ޲˹׼ȷҵ˽ͷϣס۾

޲ʪյģƺѵ£һѳ
ʱѾ˾ңŭκ
ģκⶼˣæƿŽͬʱȵһ۽֪ôˣôͻȻôĻ
ֱ󣬴Ҵߣĵôܽôε˵ȥ
ţϵͳʾȻˡ
һӺķ᲻ˤײӹսǶʵѳᣬΪԾѡ
1.һΡ롱Ӵ
2.ԭص
ͨһżˤ˵ϡ


25 
Ӵ
ֱӽȥ, ʹһЩ
Լˤ۵ϥһԼıƤĵط, ۵Ứ쮳,
Լ, üëһţش˼£Ȼʱס˵ġ
ĻۣԺֻС롱֡
밡
Ժֳָ, Լ, ò, ˺޲ð·
иղǴ̼ĳ棬ǻԴ, ʱڶɾˡ
סԼʹҡҡͷ, ͼĶ˦ȥ
ȥ, ź, ⼸ղ뿴㡣ﴫŭ
ʱκԴϵñӣæ˳δ뿪Ľʱæ, üҵθôˣūź˵ô꣬˶ŭʮټġ
͸ū˵˵Ҳýū֪е²ˡ
˼ؿ, ʵղź͵˵ʲôˣ
κūžǶһ䣬㱻¸˳
ม򴽣СҾ͸ܸˣȻܻᱻ´򷢵éȥ

κԼñӣһǧūţūŸˡ
˵գŻææȥȥˡ
һЦЦЦͿκǺһ䣬㱻߳ŭ˳Լ׻ܼ
һԼ߷γȰԼˡ
վſڳãζʹȥĳ嶯ѳʲô£һꡣ
ԥãſڸԼｨ衣
ѿһӣϻ³öĵϣԼʲôأ
Ҳϲ׵ĸо
ӣзḻ֪ʶȴûʵǶôϧһ°
ԣϵͳѡڸԼᣬڸԼΪʲôҪԥֱӴ󵨵ϣ
һѵš

ڴյнСĸβ˲ʮֻɣԼŽȥѿ᲻ֱӰԼϳ
ôţЩ
ˣ糬һƿţ̽ͷ̽Եؽݡ
Ѿ·ϣһƬ·ܵγˮƵġ
£ԡԲ𡣡˼߽µصǸ
ô㣿ѱһ͡
ߵǰվСֱؿһµǸġѾ֪ˣ´ξԲڵû֮ͬǰӡ
Ͽֿ˵ʵʲôû²Ҫϡ
Ӻɷ򣬱ֲʲô¡
ţʳָʹĴָһСûʲôֻôһ㡭
ޱؿ·˵ΪĹ
ˣŵһˣôһŤŤ󣡡
һ½һͨӱһĮûĸ֪ߵġ
ÿģȴܵĻ졣
ԭΪǸңƽٰգҲСŮԣ鵽Ҫһӵġ
ƹˤֱ׳ʲô֪ߵģҵķ뿴Ϳ𣿡

ͷû취
УôУȻ΢΢һЦ̧ȥҪ𣿱
˫ֺһסǶ಻˼ġ

Ѻ˵Ȼò˼ǾָϣҪ¶ôķ϶
ջ֣Цһ
֪ᣬѿᣬȴˣôԼǰ½
ЩϧԼͿ˳˳µذ˵ˡ
֣˵ֱ򵥰ţʮԡ
ôˣѸղžͿˣֻûʡ
ʵʵػش𣬡ղųû·żˣڵϲƤˡ
˾ȥŮҩұʲô
ΪֻҪ´Ͳˡ

䣬ȥҪЪϢˡ
ûɣôߣվûж
к£̧̧ƤڲĴķϣ˺˵˵
˼ԭԼˣҹ͵ʲôҲû
ȴŤŤ˵֮ǰҪһ𣿡

ľ붼롣
ӡ
ܾļᶨнʮΪѣ˼룬ǰӲϹĿһ㡣
²ң׵ºˡĹȻתѵϣĲӾҪס
֣סü
Źܲô࣬겻Сûˡ
֣ܲ˵ȥ
һ̣һ£Ȼȥ£Сһ̽š
Ķһ㳢˿أ뵽棬һϷ
ƺûзʲô˿أѺһأûססĺףһֻֿס
أΪԴʼκ
ܰòĶ˽һڷҵɢڼͷֲ徿˭ġ
ѺһϢⴭϢĿУȻԼֱ㲻ֵѵĻ꣬ͼȥ
ʲô˿һЩĶͷʵ
ƣԶ顣Ҳûõȥ۽ǹ飬Ҫ˯㣡
Сǯס˫֣䷴ĺ׼
ءУɣ
ѼˣֻǵĸᣬسУһֱǵ¡
֪жãֱоͻȻը˲ֿʱѾؿѻˮأǿߡ
ϢƬ̣׼ԼʱϵͳɵʾȻ
Ȼ뵽ʲôɫһһס
ϵͳΪġ롱Ȼǽǣ
Ǿͽǣֱ˵ˣҪôǰѾȫûˡ
ѵţϳ
Ѷ˶ٵһֻһΡ
ѾòˣΣ˼룬Ǿͬġ
̵شͷҪߣҪȥ˯ˣ
ס̾ҩߡ
มؿŽż⣬ҩɴ˿ڣȻŲƮƮسš
ֱص¥ϣԼģƶš
ôˣջص¥ϣɷ翴㾪һǸղ¥²ɻҧ𣿡

ѵصͷԣǱҧˡ
ɷ۵ūȥóϣͲᱻҧˡ
ҵصͷϷһȻȻԼͣоɷ˵ģѾſ˴ϣ˼Ȧ
оͦϲָоġ
Ȼеźղûܽ˵


26 
, һ߳ܵΣԼǹѵ·Ȼʼ̴
˼ά, ϶ֻҪ̺ô, Ϳ԰ѽˡ
ѽ, ѽ̣̲á
ǡ
һϵĴֱѹʱǵԼ̴, ȷϵĿһµĴǲ̺ˡ

ȷӦԼ˴ºĽ, ܻ, вɷźԼϴ
Ǻһõģ, һȲһ飬㲻һˡ
մһϮɫ, ¶һɫ, ΨӰ, ҫۡ
ʱģ¹ڳģȫͬ
һСһ¹ҲԼȥ
Լһ죬ѣȫûʱ
, ҰĪҪ֡
֪
Ҫ˵¹ͦõģҲѶҪϸ񣬲ŻҰ
*
罭һ, ЪϢһӦ¹ԼȥйȪκ
ͬеĶҹŮݿǰ֮ڣϽҲ˵ദĺڡ
СôˣѲС塭˵һ˶Ϥˣ˵ʹ࣬Ž촽Цζ

Ȼ˵еԡ
Ϲ˵ɻʱҧġŪһŵҽвɷһõš
ӣԼ顣
Ŷ~¹ʧ
˼ˣ׷Цһ
ʫƣʫóͶ㵽һι㡣
ιһ㣬ԱʻһҴ󴬣ͷżӺ
ûע⣬ȴǰŷִϵѡ°ˡ
Ѳ˵Ҫ£롣
ˣ˿վڴϣңңֵ
һѺ°׵Щɡ
飬ýԼϡ
á¹˵һǵĴ󴬿󣬱Ĵ
ȥ󣬱λÿ¿һѣСֹƭӡ
˵Ҫ飬ӹȴˡ
̾һʱ𣬱Ȳ֪顣
ţһŤͷ
ҡҡͷһ裬Ƶǰ
̸Ƭ̣ȥ㣬ٵҪܵͷõҵһͬ⡣
̫бӲӵںϣԡͣԼһȥ˴β
΢һͣѾãûеȵϹ
ЦݵػͷЦʲôЦ
ΪǶȵԭ򣬸Ե˶ϦϺƶһɫعâˡ
ûΣԱؿǱճľϸԼµĴȡ
϶ǿĺ룬ˣǵһЦ
ôˣһҲ㡣Ա£һߵľͰ
ֲױû˵
ѽκһ͹һ˵ŵļɣһ˦ȥ
һعͱһһֻĶ˵ȥûϹ
һκò׶һ£ͣѾˣȴ
յؿһѣֳ˳ʹ˴ͣ
ôҲգƫͷ
򴽵°Ҳڣôȥ㣿
°㡣ѿһľͰָοܷܲ
ܷܷ͡
ҡҡͷϹŵԼͰȻһͰ˽
Ǹֱ֪ʵ
ʣ㣬ʡĴܷ
ȻҪңҾΪѵˡ̧̧°ͣ˵
ǣлΪѵ¡
Ҳԭģ
һеڿʣȥˮȡ
ڴߣѵıӰССڵغˮ۾֪ʲô
ȥǵףҪܷġ°֪ʱˣȻ
Ťͷװ˼ʵǹ˵е°ҵҲġ
ѱƢһãҲΪҵ㡣°Ц˵
ʵǵС̫ӵ˲ѣҪѴǵ㡣ǵ㣬ѵ࣬ȫԣմҲڡ
ѱһţƤЦⲻЦ˵ʲô
ûʲô
°Цһ£Ȼץס֣ǰҶˣѱ粢ϲ㣬ΪηҪŲţ
⻰ˣҹűѾܾ󻶣°ĻڳЦԼ
Цϲңѵϲǵ˳ʲôݣûǴĻ¹Ѳһ¡
ݡ°Цһ˵ұˮѱ粻֪᲻㣿
ʲôüͷֱãȥץ֡
°Ѿĺ浹ȥҾһʲô
æ䣬Ϊק֣һͬ׹䵽ˮС
ͨһˮ𣬴һæдȥˡ
һվɫ
価°ҲȻı⣬ץסֹ֣ˮϸһȥץͷ
һһŮˣһߵץԼϣˮϸȥ
ˮԱһ㣬°ˮһקѾﲻסˮڱǼӿȥǻﴫϢС
ΪԼǲҪӢţˮʱ򣬱һϤĻסĿжһ
ѣԼӣ
Щ塣ôôܳŵס
û£Լ˰Լסˡ
ҵؿ³ˮ󣬱㿴°Ҳ˷
û°ɣ˸˹æ˸°·
ѱ磬Ҳ֪ΪôңȻء°Ǳؿţȷ˵קºУš
ֱڵߵǷǣȸ״
ƨɫһ䣬ѵĻߵ°ǰ˹ȥ
һʮ࣬ȵ°ſ˵ϡ
ڳ˶û뵽Ȼȥ֣ûüֹ
°۰ʲôû𣿡
ȻЦһץס°֣Լȴȸ״
ޱȷţղں׵ʱ°ҪɱԼ
˵ʲôôԼأ°ѣѱ磬ҡ
üšţĿڽϡ
ֻһָ°ԼɷԾ˵ˣ˵أ
лҪ˵


27 
, ˵ʲôҪ𣿡°ĻŮ, ʹ
ȷһ, , ˵ǵȲ֮£ﻹԣҪס
ϻТڣһ, ס, ϧ
Ȼ, ģ˶¶˲֮ɫ, Ŀⶼɫ
˵û, ʽˮ, Ŀ֮¶, ǿտƾ˵һЩ׵ĻΪȴҲףĹУһӵվ, ߵ
һĿ׷׶ϣǳ¹ԣ֪ӿڳе¶, ޹ء
ӡ¹ɫǺ죬ֻ˵乫ѡ
˱Ӧ𣬲ȨΪݣװʲôҲû
ϧ°ʲôݣƳһۣԽ£Դǵָң
¹ӻҪ˵ȴĹһס
˵Ťͷ°ֻǵ˹Ƶ
ǣǿЦ㾹Ȼڣʲڴϣ˵䲻ϵ£ѵǾԼϣµĻ£ɱͣǲȥұ±ǣΪҪıң
ôߵڰף㡭°Ӳ˲һ÷ģ
˶ҾΨпҽȷԱ͵׮²⡣̧̧Ƥӣּ˵ºںк֤ݣ
°һû˵Ů߷߲ƽºͼλӶˣͱˣҪҼҿ𣿡
Ťͷѵ£Ů˵Ļ𣿡
ĿЩ죬ǻشδ
ֿˣæֵҲδֻ°ľ
ô˵ֻ¹һ˿ˣЦЦؿš
ԭ˵ǣϸһҲֻǿһˮδǾƵġ
˶˵δһȻڸղ˵ĻˣʱԴðµ¡û
มֻͷ°ƾ޾ݣ˵Ļš
Ҳ֤ҵסȻ΢΢һЦһ䣬֤ݣǿںקңҪҡ
°һȻ̧ͷ
Լ˳¶մɫҩ˿ڣҹҲСĽֲˣͿҩࡣҩմˮ󲢲׻ǿץҵ֣Ӧвҩࡣ
ʹ˸ɫǰ°ץס¶Ⱦɫҩ䣬Լɫָ졣
ѱ磬ֻǺ£Բġ°һȻ̧ͷŶ˵
һɫЩ԰ף˵ˣԺǻҾһЩ
δ˼Ѿ϶°£ǽ°ѹġ
ǽߵߣյ˵㿴ˡ
㡭°һ˿⣬ץԼ䡣
ңȻ´λ㡣˵仰صߣεɫˣǻȥɣ¡
ףһۡ
ºߡ񣬵Ƚ뿪󣬽Ŀ°ϡ
买֣Ϳȥ
ˡ°ɫãܾ⼸˶ڿԼЦ򵽼ңδ¶Ǳ֮ɫ
*
ص쾵κѾյϢԺУ
ȶϴ˸ˮ裬ϸɾ·㽫Ժݡ
£ֻЩȣ¹ٿҩžͺáԺۺ룬Ƭ̵
һֽԺиմˮ°ץ˿ڡ
˶ȥˣڴϣɫ԰׵ѵллл¡
лƳһۡ
˶٣˵֮ûʮ֤ݣʮصڹĸǵڹĸǰȥߣ˵Ҫ׷°һơ
Щ⣬û뵽Լ͡
֪ͷֵµġ
֣ԴģԴģ´μǵô񣬲Ҫһ˴š
šͷ
ԺҪ˳嶯ί߱ǡƺǾίᡣ
ӣá
Һûб°Ǹƭˡ
ǸޱӵˣȴЩޣΪⱲӺ˶Լôġ
ˣôޱӣ
۾ۿ£뱧
СҲû룬ܾˡ
Ϊʲô˵س½ǣǽջûף㡣

ƿԴͷ۵Ѿ׹Щȥ
ȣôȥ׽

˵ףǺǸ
ƲƲ죬ʧ˵ðɣȥгЩ嵭š
ùţѺҩӸã㱻Żȥ˯
ԥЩʪʺ²¥ϰɣ
ԸԼ˯һ˯䣬˯ҡ
Ѿܾء
û˯һ˲ˣǰȥǱ䱾
ðɡֻö壬úչѡ
*
ԭΪѵķ纮ܿܺãû뵽˵ڶϣɷա
͵ŵŵŵ¥ȥûա
û뵽ǵûգյĸˣͷ̵̹ģ˯ѡ
ĵĲˣֽκԺ취ա
Ժֿһҩʩ롣
ѷȵϢܿʹ˻ʵ۶УܵʮֹģﲻʣҪ̽ʡ
ʵ۴С̫һˣԺ˽˲飬ûйηȡ
ʵ쾵һȻԸ˱ʹ˵һ뿪
һֱѵĴǰӰ£ӸιˮĴ겻ôɡ
ֱ磬Ѳѹ
ۣܰæԺл˵֮󣬲һ
ԺҲģ֪Ӳãη纮ûʮּ֡
κȥһ˻ʵǣϢû뵽κȴʺ˷ּ°
˵°ʬδӦţһ±ΪТТٳ߶
˶ܳԾ°ǵڳСŮƽʺǾصڳþͻȻ°أ
Ǻ֪Ȫ飬ϾϢͲˡ
ǻʵ۵ܵܣֲ÷°Žлʺ·ּѵ⡣
ô˵Ƕ˵¡£Դѡ
ѿôˣ
ͷȻ°ùҵȻ
ԭ֤ݲ㣬Լ°û취ֻܳưͿû뵽һֱӽлʵ۸ܵܳͷ°
Ѵһ̣ͷһҳ飬Ǳη纮ֵͦ


28 
ԵĶԵġֳ°, סصͷ
̫ˣһһ䣬°ܷ֪ķ, Ϊġ
ҡҡͷ, °ܷǻԼ, ΪԼͷûаϵ
˿ɫЦ£ҿɲԿһСӰ~
¿Կ, Լȴ, ҽԼĻó, ֻĵط
޴ѣ󷢴ȱ, Լӡ
Ѵ̧۰Ͱ͵ؿԼ, һģ, ϵؾܾС
ʵ, ˽͵͵ӵ飬ֻ֪ԸƶѣǶ۲Ϊ
һ磬ſĵؿϰ, Сڿеȥ
ѿһȻе飬ŵһԣ߰ɣȥ㡣
һ, ˵ش²ȥ㣬ȥ쾵ԱߵСȥȪ
ô⣬һһðѺƢػشĽԱ߻ȥȥڵȥ쾵ԱߵСǣȪ̫ԶͲȥˡ
һתκȥ׼ĶֽвɷݰԼñȡæòˡ
ǸպõһʱгȥŨ㣬һҲȡ
ᵽԣҲȤ̸ģ
ñֱһһҲȫǣֻǽ˳θζ
ųʳܿ͵˺ߡ
ѾǣǰҲ㾭˳˸λ£Լ㹳ӽϹ
ﶨзϺҪһ¨ըзϺЩϺٽŪдţ⣬ӳԾͺˡ
һ˵һˮæ֣ȥзϺ
ѱ˵ҲЩ⶯ҲͿʼ㣬ôһ˵ָֻ㣬粻һеĳԣֻܸˮ
ߣƲ𣬽Щˣǰ⣬һҪе¼ʶʶ
ĿԴƳһ첻㹳Цһ

¸ղŵˣҪһϹ͵
ѹˣû˵ʲôǰĵԼ㡣
ֱһ㣬ȴһҲûе̲ס˾䣬㿴ڲڣ
Ļߣ㹳Ͳˡ
·Ȼ㹳ӽ㡣ֻղ˵˴𻰣ԾЩҲס
źԼĵӰתתȻ뵽Լİ취Ťͷѣ££֪ʲô˼𣿡
üѾµҪ˵ʲôϵʩ̫Ҳضˮ
ԣҲŵ㡣ü䣬
̾ԼĺƤˡ
˵ȴκ£ǰλ¹ˣҪһ档
˵ұк𣿡ѷ͡
κû˵ΪʲôūſҪǸӡ
รѿ˽һۣκǽɣ
ǡκܿȥŴ˻˴˹
Сݼ£ſ࣬ﻹһϻӣִٵ
Ӳ֣ĵʣ¹ұк£
ԥĿһΧ̴ӣûµ˼ҧ˵
С¸ģСͿϲźģ²ҪСһʶ
˵գѳеľϻӣС漮ݣģԱһϻӷ¡
֮Ϊԭڹٺֱޣֻ˻س󣬱ʽΡ
ǰ˵ԺݿһСȱ뽫ȥع١
ֵҽս𲻶ϣϵطƶ񤣬ͬʿԸȥοǵԶ׵ĺóɼ
˲Ҫͨϵȴû˸񡣻ǰΪӵֵ˵˾¡
ŻȻ򣬱һ档
Ƥһ̧ɫĮǱͬĹ㣬㡣
ԣæת񣬡С֪ˡ
ʱޱȰգԼΪҪ졣һ־裬ԼǱһҪôūŮ
һۣ˽ϻù֮ƮƮεҾͲƽˣպ¹ԡ
лСǡһ
ҺԼ˾ۣ汻䵽ݣĸҪʮʧ
\"ˣ±ȥɣ\"ѵ
ǣСǡžԼ󱳳һ
ߺ󣬽ϻӷɫ飬Цƫͷʵŵ񣬵»᲻
һСϲšѻЩŴȻûһЩˮĵãԭûֵȥˮ
~۾û~
ôҪϻ飬Ǿ͸κ⣬κ׷ȥšЦЦ
ϻӣ˼ǵԽԽϲ~
ѣ
*
ѵ㹻࣬һ¨зϺض顣
˽ȥ˳Ȼһ˵ѵгһḻغʴ͡
ùţŮɹɵĻ裬һʵ֬ͻƷ鷿͡
ȵг˹ӣģѳԾģ˶ԵĶӹĹġ
촽ˣȥ쾵󸽽ʳҲͬˡ
ҹˬ¹࣬ûŮƵСš
šߵһûסĹԣȻŮ͵.
ԥƬ̣ƹѰҹȥ
𿴡ס֣
ѾˣѾǰĴʯͷϣһԽһŮ
Ůϸ۵СȺҵصţѹ£ؽš
գգ۾ٿʱǰͻȻһڣһָֻס۾
ѰƵ
มƲƲҿԼĵ𾢶
˵仰ű㱻һ£һСĲȵһ֦ǶŮ
˭ӻŻͷ
ס֣ڻԺ¡
Ƭ̣ܲûжΪԼˣµŮӶ
ŮضţͷʮֽͷŶͷ
ĿϣЩò˼Ͱ͵ҡҸճԹӣס

üװͰ͵뿴㵽֪֪ߣһңýζ
ŶصͷҸѣ뿴
εΡ
ĵķҧˣܿͻȾűղΪԾѡ
1.ķ˵磬Ը˼ҿǸ󱦱
2.

ʲôѵ͵СƬıӦ


29 
Զ/Ʈ, ͷûҿѡ
ЩΣڶý, Ϣƽ, ƺӰ졣
, ίֲʧòض˵仰
߰ɡǶŮûֶˣŽĸ첲뿪ԣȵСϱſĸ첲ǰ档
ԥ, ö, ֻȹС׷, ֱҪߵ쾵ſʱѵĲ
, û ׷ȥʵ
ǵ̫ҽ, ƽﾡ·, ȥʳʱû, ʱܵ졣
Ѷ˶ٵˡ
ȱ£ֻϴηԺ޲߱㳢ŰѶѪϣǰЩϵĶѪ壬Ա㲻Ҫˡ
มͷ, ˼Ÿοڡ
űʲôſͣ£תʵ
ΪΣһ, 㡭ʲô𣿡
ţĿɻ󣬡ʲô
Ŀעţ̲סͰ͵ӡ磬Ը˼ҿǸ󡭡󱦱𣿡
ȥɣΪʲôôε
ϵͳǲϵͳ̫Ʊˡ
˵⻰ʱû̧ͷֻ͵ĳλҲûпϵı顣
仰ɻ󲻽⣬˼󿴵ĺΣԼ͵ĵط󣬺Ȼǳ鴤¶յı顣
סѵĳ嶯ŭů϶ů˵Ŀ
ѾҪȼˣĻͷԶԶԣ
ӲǺܴ𣿸ҵϷԼô˵һֲҳˣ
Цһ

ôоᵽˡ
ԼţҪͣȴƿŽݣȻһ˷š
顣
̾ҲٽˣⲻͣԼĵ׶ѾСɫıǩˡ
ͷ̾¥
ϣһ飬ȴҲûзһҳǶճ
ֱоըžŻ
ѵѵ¶һ˿ȣҲЩ죬ȭͷһͷе鷭һҳ
ˣ⴫
̧Ϊκ壬׼˽
ſȴ£ջûס
ѱ³һ֣
มҲʼ¥
*
ڶϣϴһԷʱȻڵװ
Щ⣬һǰͦģʱȽ죬̫ҲȣҪȥġ
ѵñģѾܷˡ̳ѧܸ

ķΪ飬ⱨ
ôˣȥѷ¿ӣյһڡ
۽ôԣǱȥ
ԼҲɹѽմһ°ɫӣݿһ湫ӡ
̤ѩԱߣ
죬ҡҡͷϡ
źˣղһѾ̫ɹḶ́ԼҪȥƨɻñ̵
ĲôȵվƬ̵ĹѾһ㺹ĺܡ
ôȵ죬ӦԱ룬СҪʲô
治ϣһУޱ
ҡͷϣԼͺãԱѧϰѧϰ̫ȥԡ
û˵һȻһַϣһץס
һذıˤȥ
ʵԼãǽб㣬ϼȦ
ˣǲ붪˵ĻԼáĵʾ
һ£յԼãҷ
ﻬһ˿Ц⣬ЦЦ˷ŵԼǰãȻӱĻסץɳ۳ȥ
Ϸľٵˣվ֮Ļ䣬̲ס
һ㡭
һ㣡һѽ۾ţ
ѵͷһۣ¶һЦݣһ˦µɱٶԽĿ졣
紵Ķ˵·죬ɢ⣬ץ䣬š
һȦ֮ѿµĵҪˣԽ㣬µġ
̣̲סĸ첲Ͼһ£ſǻҾǺ£㻹ͣ
ѳʹε㿴ղŲǺúõ̫ɹ̤ѩҲúõѧһֱ󣬺òã
ӣۿѧã㲻ҡ
ϸһ£ղźûԼôΣգЩѧѧԼҪŵ
áº͡
*
˵֪ѧôǾӦġ
ΪǴξŵ̤ѩһƥǧӲرֻڹꡣͷ̤ѩҲЩͷġ
ֲ˵ʲôֻҪӿٶȣͺ۾ίǲұ
ѾʲôҲ˵̵ΧתȦȦ
ڽҲ̫ԭѧգֻǵСѡùţȵ磬ֻҪϣ͸
£̫Ӻ¹ˡȵһȦκһ
̧ԶһȺˣ˵س彭֣Ҳ˵ػֻӦ
нͣ£˹ȥ
С壬С֪ҾܽСָָҵС̫˴кؿѡ
¹ȴЦŵֲССûʱָأ
˹ЦЦĽ΢졣
˵˼仰Ŀһת˸Ϥꡣ
°ڳĵġ
áĹ񣬱Щá
ףù˵ѧý̫ҲڣǱԱԣ
ˣ
˲ĿģС̫üľϵܱܣöС񡣡
ۿ죬ǿؿѣûС̫ӵĻΪҪҹùã
󣬴Ǹ°˿˵Ϊùô򱧲ƽˡ
ҹùҹѰ˶̼֪𣿡
ΪŮ˵Ļҹùõף벻ĺȻŤͷָŽ˵


30 
°Ѱ̼, Ѳ֪顣
һ£ͷ֪ĵĻġ
, Խʵ, üĹѧȥˣ
ıǿ, ŲӵǽҾظþ֮ˣΪҹùõףҲԼд
ɫ, Ҫ֮ʱ, ȴס˸첲
, ɡƽ͡
ѿһۣ΢΢ס, Ӧòί
ǰһĵ˵һù, ùѰ˶̼, ֤, ù׿ڸģ
Ķⴧ°ϾǵȷݺԼԼ
Խɣ°Ѱ̼ԵݵһϷ
Ȫҹù, ǲ˿ģŭ
ԴѦʺ·ּ°Ȫ㴫˳ȥ˵û׷йվЩԷ꣬вٷ˹Ů˽Ц°
еж, ֪°͵ʴס
Цһ鲻м˵˵ùˣңˮﺦң˴
˵ҹùôˣŲ飬ģ÷
ԶԶԣĹùµһİͷ̶벻ССȴ˻ϹˣŰǰʵҪű˺һϹ
㣡ŭŮ񶾣СùöˣûһΡ
ΪҪΣһùѰ̼Ϊ֪ԼɵĴ±֪ˣûˡܵҴСУûһأߴңһҶ˴񶾣
壬ĴӲó磬ֻǺڴܰ
û뵽ȴƫ̻񶾵Ůˣ˵Ķԡ
ۣѵ岻ǵãҵΪ˭𣿡
˻һѵɫͬű˪С̫ӵһĳ󣬵ѵ⣬˵ʲôСѵ𣿡
깬ʱҾʹɱμӹĳŮ졣ѵʱ岡ߵĻɢǱɣĵĸĸ
ѱĸĸƵ²ţѾʱΪ˻סѵû뿪Լλ
ʱ򣬻Լ嵲סѡ
ѣ¡׵Ѳ£֥֮ƵıһĨѪȴŬοԼ
ΪĸĸĶ飬ڣһѺöڹʮʱѾӣʵϮλ
ôҲһֱģʹľλûб岮ߡ
ЩͿԻĸĸĶˡ
嵫һ飬Ҳ˶ҹùãĻǲǵĻ϶°޹ġ
ǹ飬ŽĴӡЦһǷ㸸ĸùá
壡ĲŵؿѣǰǴδԼйԡ
ӷ磬ҹӻȥ۷һɨ
̴ӱǰԼҹӵӣūǻȥɣ
ɱ˵ˣû¶Ҫ̲סŭ
Լߣòڣ˦ӷ֣۾ɿˡ
ýи˿𣿡С
ǵĶԻĸĸжԼղŵĻǲǾЩˡ
أ̴ӡƽκβ֪鲻á
С壬ܱܲ£ϡС̫Ӱο
ѿһۣû𻰣ʵǲҪȥɣУͷ
ƥһƥ󣬶ǳǧ
ãС̫ӵ۾һ׷Ӧ¡
ǿʼ󣬽ʣ·ңСүĸ飿
Щûʲô˵ģ㽫
ŶһСʣ׼ô죿СүƺԵԹԡ
ȥӪӣԶ۶
Ҳãĵӡ
ʤС̫ӣǳȻسС̫ӵġ¹ûõһˣŽգúù񫡣
ЦӦ£Ϊŵ飬²ߣûܿǸǣ쾵
ص쾵뽭һͬùţȥˡ
ĳ鲻ãҲûֻڴŲɷȥʳʱһ
ҹɫŨ¹йڴ̨ϣڴ֡Աд˵ֽſԿ鲢á
ĵĻڶϣڷ˼ǸΪλģ
ơϵĴȻˡ
ѷëʣµ˭Ŵ򿪴
Ȼǽ˫ֱڴ⡣
Ѵ򿪴߽ͷ̽Ȼóһɫĳ
£ڻƿУŵֱ߿ţһЩЦе
ҹʳʱǰײԺȾƣΪĸĸļɳ
ÿգ¶ҪžƼһĵĸĸԼȴǵξƲմ
Ȼ򣬺ȻЩѣǱ
ѵͷеĻ΢΢һů˹
áͳ
ſڴ̨ϣ°ͿŵƿУκˮţܿüأ
áףķ˿ҹ紵Ȼ˼֣ɫˣȥЪŰɡ
ͷȴû뿪ͷʵµûкһ㣿
һ㶣һЩ
еȷƣҪ磽⣬ȴԽдԽꡣƽõķƣȴڿЦڴʱɨȥ
̾յźһЩ𣿡
õ¸أʡ
ʧЦǽԼСӺˣ
ڴ˿̣۾ȴȻһ뵽ʲôЦջûףͺ
üΪͻã
Ϊҳ~Ȼ

ǣķЦվò֪ߵ˿̾ůġ
Цˣһת׼¥ЪϢ
Ҫ𣿡ͳ
תգգۡ
Цһ
ͳдԣģĵס֪ΪΣȻ©һġ
鲻ãԼ˵ҪףҲֻΪ˶ģʵ򲢲Ҫס
ľ߹ȥЩײ˱ͳĴѸֻ棬ײԼġ
ôȻɵˣ°ͣŴĴ
˳ӵر۾˱ԼĴ꣬˿ĴһһἫˣڶԴʲôϧ֮
ë˵̲סһԼġ
Ȼð㸡˵ӰͶͥϣһ𣬲ҡ
֪˶ãѵ۽΢ǡ
ȥɣִתƵ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôҹߵסԴ뿪ˡ
ϴŵŵ¥ѿһ۴ǰЦ


31 
գۼ͵˶, ǰձ㿪ʼ׼ӣ֪ҪȥɽժҶ¡
ٵǰ, ¹żС, ҪȥҶ, ʮָȤ׷׽Ůһ
С֪𣿵ڹĸΪѽҡ¹ӣյС˵
Ҷ, ԺôΪѷ
ǰյڹĸȥҸ, Ҳ, Сĳײ˵ڹĸ˵ѵһ, ˵ҵŮûнƷв, еݵ˼, ƸҵŮΪ
¹һѾ, Сǲ֪ڹĸжôˣô˵棬ֱӿ˹ȥ
ڳⷬٶڸȰơ
Ȼ˼˵ƲƲ졣
¹ƺ, С㲻𣿡
ڹڳӣҵŮ⼸¶޲ȥˣҲᱻǳ
ʲôҶСĻ, ǱԴͻ飬һͬһˣ
ң°ΪҲƷйȥģգգһģ
ۡЦ
һժҶһţ¹ȻĽļ磬ϲСǲСǣ
ԶһȺ׷ţסˣ
׷ʲôºڽţ쳤˲ӡ
֣һ۾Ϳѡ
մһ£ڷϽ𣬲տ˿רע׷ɿӹһ˵ơ
˳׷ķ򿴹ȥһֻɫĶɿߣܽ˹ľԡ
СǿߡºȻס֣кСǸϽ뿪
ȹӸһǳһŵɽߣһʵôˣ
ҸղſС׷һֻСϻš
Сϻĸ׾ڸȻ˻ŮӣǾ뿪Ϊá
ԣӿ˽Ųɽߡ
ΧΧϻµСЩ£֪ͲɽժҶˡ
ʲôʲôǸ߼ͿԱߵĹľ졣
ôùɡ¹ڽ
ҲЩһĭͰ͵ӦӦòɡ
֪ͻûǾͲˡ
֣һȺ˰Ⱦܡ
أȻһϻ
ͷƤһ飬ܵԽĿ졣
أأСϻڸǣһֱͣĽС
ͷһۣһֱèСС׻һ֧ȴ׷ǣһֱؽš
ԥƬ̣ͣߣȻǸԼ̽һ
أֻֻСϻܵظӿ죬˹
ССġµĻû˵꣬ͼֻСϻСϻҲɵš

ȵһ˻ص쾵󣬽˸潫Сϻŵ棬ΧСϻЩš
͸ˣ¹档
Ҳ벻̽һ£СϻɵĲ񻰡
С벻׷ôõСϻС˻
ǵġ̽СϻԴһҲУԴ˲֡
̫ɰˣ
Ҳ
һȺСΧСϻҲҪȥȴСϻһ¡
Ȼ˻ϻϲƯġ¹ĵ
ЦȻôСϻܳʲôȵԺʱǶѾС׻ȡˡ
ȵԺиС׻˿ڣһС׻ιӣۼɫˣȥ
ϻص쾵󣬸ߵԺͼԼ׷ֻС׻˵ȣƨһһܹȻءһҧסЬӡ
ŽӶ¥̽ͷѽһҴҵ𶯣ɱҵС׻ˡ

ѿȹرС׻Сûŵɣ
ǣ龭ûзʱֻС׻
*
ͥԺõģź󣬽濴ǡ
ɫܺã췱ǡ
ͷһȻŤͷ˵£ǡ
΢Ȼʣ֪ҵʲô𣿡
ʲôЩ档
ԼСߵЦҵе¡

̾Լ֣ɣ
ţգգۡ
ѵҪ𣿡

סĳһ֣ȻѵĻ
೤֮󣬡εΡϵͳַ
һӺķȻʵѳᣬΪԾѡ
1.ķ˵磬㼼òŶ~
2.Ϊһ֧衣
лҪ˵ѣҵĴ󱦱ΪʲôС
װСʹǣΪҪϼӵԭĸŲʮһ㣬~Ϊֲңºҷ~
ƼһƪѵģʣҸȤȥ
Ȩķϵޡ
ϿһԽС˵ٴʱȴԼΪⱾС˵Ķ񶾵ŮŮΪʺ󣬶ΪŮ䣬ᱻٴ
ڹ²Ÿոտʼڶ Ů䱻˴֮ʱ 
ŮΪ˶ܱ¥ˣĵһɷ
ϪۣͷԺΪȨ㳯ҰĴ鳼
ǰŴֲȴˣϪĬ²¡
Ȩӣ˻ǺүĵŮ
ֻҪôӮ


32 
ϵͳʵĻ, ɣѾԼˡ
⡭ⶼЩʲô֮ʣһαһε߳ܡ
ѡ, ĸܽεýֺڵϿٳһɯ΢Ц
˿û, ѡһ, ʻᱻһ١/(o)/~~
ѡڶܰԼε޲ԭȥ
޿룬ʱ䷢ع˶, ͿܻԼǿˡ
ϵͳɨƴǰҪʵٱ
ƺǲĲԾ, ͷϷѵͳö, ô飬˭㲻ˣ
̧ͷ, Լӣһ˿ǸΡ
ʵͦõ, ʵ˳, ԴҲκ, ֫
ڣΥԼģҪ˵ԴκһԵĻ
ԥƬ̣Сʵ£˵˵˱ȽϹֵĻ, ҵ𣿡
ж֣ؿϣƳһۡ
̲ס˴Сֻһ֡
ȻȻôĴָʳָغһ, ¶һССķ϶
飬װ׵д֡顣
סص֣˵ɣ
ãֻҪǲ漰Ĵ£Ͳ
˵Ŷڣĵ˵
šͣӺɷһԼȳ׷ѵΪԼᷴڲɣ
ȴƺܺ£ԼվԶԶأԼԶ
빻ԶԼҲ㹻ľܻض¥һ磬㼼òŶ~
ѣ
˵˲ڣҪĻСסԼԴ˼
ա
֪ˣ͹ӵؿһۣŵŵŵ¥
Цˡ
Ц꣬ĴǾһ˿ѿ
ļô
̲סղŵǣ˼һ˴ԭԼҪ׵ʧ
ǰˣϴɬڴˮˮģġ
룬ʵˡ
ǵģԼ
ʱһͿ뽫ԼĻ
Լִĺ׻䣬ĺһ£ͻеĿɰ
һֱķӦֱͷ
ԭΪǰһߵؿԼԼҼˡ
ԼĿʱȴաԼҧгݡ
Ψûɬ
ҹϰϰѵϣһ˿ãȻ
ȿȡڴʱﴫһȡ
Ŀ棬ؿ˹ȥ
κͷӽ߳ģֻǴ·ײ˵ºһȡΪ˲Ŷˣֻܶڽڡ
Ŵ˽뿪ȴǾ׵Ļ·ˡ
£ūʲôҲûūŰɣѻδ˵κȹϴ

ɱ⣬㶼ʲô
κһͷð亹ˡ
ϵʵ̫ԣκ±ɱڣû˵һ£ū֪ԭ򣡡
˵΢٣
κһ£ѹ͵£ūŮӶϲǿưԵһЩģǵ̫ˡ
Ӻδģ
׼ĻӣʮоűġūҪҪκ̽
Ѵ˼Ƭ̣šһ
գһӣκ˵е
ǣΪҪ
ȥֺԺȻͷȻվһ߷µΣڵˣ
˵ձŴȣݡ
κһ˲ŵĺתȥ˼ŮǰͥԺĶʰɾ
¥ͽŲˣҪǵң˵˯ˣţûУ
ˡãȻؿɵص˵ͷ
£һ飬˼ҳȴһҲûȥ
ղž뵱ȥͲôһ㡣
ԼܵĹ죬ֻǵȽ˳ŵ
˰ʱ¥ԼˣȥҶҡһֱʵ̲ס̲סԴ˯ʱűͲɷ簲ο˯¡
˼ҹΡ
ҹһɫΡ
Ѵһɿĺ£½ңЦЦؿܲ𣿡
ŬͣϵͳԼģûаϵ
ѻǺڻˣصСԼ䡣
һ䣬ͰԼףžëд䡭
߳ܰôΣ
ڴϣӵűͨ졣
*
һ죬ڷﲻҳţһͶгһݲˣȥѣֿš
ڴ£ż¥ҪܵԱ͵ǲѡ
û¹ǴСˡ
Сأǿһݣ¹ĴѰС׻ټ
֣òȡ֡¹һֱΪСϻĺСֻеá
ԼСﶼëޣǽ쾵Сϻ
ǣһȥԱߵӿСϻ
˿Сϻ˵׼ʳİӣ뵽ԼôҶ²ȥӡ
ԥƬ̣ûӦ
ȥ¥£ҪǱѴţ͵ȥ
СôǲǺС峳ˣ¹ɫ
ûе¡ҡͷ
ǵɲܱ֪ɱ
ðɡ̾ס¥ߣǾȥӣʱӰˣǻԸҸͼ
˵Ҳûǿֻ⣬һ¥¿С壬һҪ취ж˺ͺá
Ƭ̣Ǹ¥ȻŮȥѳ׼õʳŵͥԺϽ£һӡ
Ѳ¥£Ҳ֪ȥģĵһһһ˵һӡ
ĸ˵°˺üգղѰҪǱŮסǾûˡµСУһҲҿԲ˵
Ʋ죬Ǽһи紵ݶʹй֪λ°ĸ硣
յ£Ѿ˵ˡ
ССĵ㣬ڹĸɲǺǵģС°ӡ
áţ˵ͷ
˵Ż⿴ѸߴӰִš
ײײüŪ۵쿴Сˡ
һŤͷ
𣿡ŴţСʡ
¿һۣشûء
ǵأ
ڿ㡣ʵش

ʱձҪҸطԼ
¿˼ȻŤͷѴкС壬ˣ
ףû˵
С壬Сתƽˡ
ƽʲôƽ

£죡
˵Щʲô
ˣ


33 
ƽˣĿ䵽ǵԽӲıӰ, ȻЦһǱǲǻллؿ㣿
ºСԣû, Ťͷ
Ž, գգ۾С, ôңС壿
޿סӣԹؿҲûʡ
Щ, ǿŤŤ¥ϴŲ, ΪС˽
Ҫ֪С, Ͳ˵ˡ
ڿ˵, Ūɳ׾ˣ
ǺǣҺþûȥҸ밲, ҪȥǸС塢С, ˡ·һҶ, վ׼
ȵǣҲȥСҲվ

ɴ˼ؿǡ
ǵĽڻԸһ
˱ǸؿԼӣǵðǰ, ǽŮȡ
ߣûţ
Ѿ˰죬ֻܴӦá
лС¼˼üŪ, ȻȹߣߵʱһһͿ첽쾵
Ժָ󣬽һʧְõӷ£ҺȻҩûȥҩˡ
˵գҪ¥
ѼŻҵģЦһô˵
ͣסӣͷڨЦãǸմ𣿡
㻹ûлشҵһ⡣Ƥһ̧ĵǲǻллؿ㣿
Цһ壬һǰϿֿصǸ£Ҵˣ
ʵãҷǳϲûбȵ¸ˣҵӱ¿ˣ˵˰ɣ
һͣЪ˵꣬ȻͰ͵ؿѣڴԭԼ
ˣƤӶ̧һ£¥ߡ
£ҵĴˡͷ˼ͣ
ѻͷһۣϡ
̧ͷգգۡ
ûֱ¥ϣӦæСŸȥ
ǲԼ
ص¥Ϸ䣬һݱȥ
ɨŮһæŶȥˣ±ŵְ˵Ľѹһҡ
ĭʶһ
ȴȻŤͷһ֪ˣ
ʱûӦɵӡŽ֧ȻԼˣ
ԥƬ̣תȾܡ
Цһ׷ȥһѿӵԱߵϡ
ӵе£ȻǰЩ졣
⡭ôоеƣ
ѸһԲȥ
ǲͬᣬǴŰԵǿơϣ˿أȥ
ءĽڿе˵š
ûᣬ˫ͷͷӶᡣ
ãѴǷˡ
ȻΪʲôԼ϶СʱԼ˵ģһֻһΡ
׵ԴκأоԼͶˡ
ʱǺȻƣ°ҧһ£ȻڷŹ
˻סԼ°ͣؿѣǿߡ
ûע⵽Լˣ½ңҲԼ䱻һҵģ
ŲĿ⣬һ
ӣĴ˵£һϲһ㡣
ղģ޲ðԼԲ븹̫ˡ
Ͷˣô˰
ԣ˶˵
ô
ӽҪɫÿյûˡЦºͣ˵Ļȴ̡
ÿձˣҪףԼ̲ס
ԭһֱҩţб仯Ҫһֱ֣һʳƷӣһȭ̱Ԫ
ӹȻãôӺ࣬ϰ䡣
̱Ԫһ㣬ҪĹԶŮɫ
˲֪㣬ָ˺ü檣֮ʱȢ˸š
ҪǸƤһĻãƫƫǸգòԼġ
ϲ»ݣԾԶŵΪá

֪ݵ
*
һζգۼ㵽պĶ繬硣
ѡ˺üģ¿ɰ嶾ңǴһһͬ䡣
Լѡ嶾ңѡˣֻŵϲ̫һ
£ҰϵϰɣŲӯ¥ԺԼһ嶾ҹȥڵ
ƳһۣϹЦһֺõģ˼Ƭ̺ûоܾ
ģ½մſǧˡ
յĽһɫװǰͷֻţֻҪ΢΢ͷܿϸĲӡ
šԭǲЩģȻģһҲ޷
ǵ²ȡŶ~ϵú󣬺һͷƬ̣صͷ
ѵͷһۣŷЩҵĲͬÿҺ涼һСֱ֣ǣϲ֡
˼գܲܲˡ
նûԼһţԼЩϰߡ
Ȼ֪ԼƳһ۵ױֺõģ
󣬳̾Ǻðɣ취
ѣ
Ϊϯûʼ˸յվٰ칬ĵطͷֿˣ¹ߣС̫ӵΧס
¹һƫƧͤѾСãһȺͶ
׷һ
˹쿪ʼʱиСŮСĽˮϣֻǣȥŮµԺӸ¡
ֻ񣬲ɷŮڻµ⣬±Խ˻
СŮԼײ˹ˣһֱͣڵشȥԺ¡
μϯǴ˼ҵŮ춼ԴȹΪȻҲ⡣
ȹԼմ˲ˮȹԼ嶾׼ϵϡ
Ȼ˶٣̧ͷǸСŮʵⲻҵңҵҲˣ
ҲֵģȻһûвͬĵطɱ
ֹ糡ϣֻҪйŮŪ˵·ͱضʲôıƵţԼŲɵϵ
°һ̧ЩС⡣
˵ʲôū澲֪СŮһ˿ҡ
ѿ࣬񣬰һ¡
СŮһžҪܣȴһѿסȻ˺
ԺСŮҵңسʸý»Լҡ
Ҹô죿ʡ
ŬŬ죬ָСŮȻඡ
Ȼ֪ʲôŹ֣ԲǺöֻҪܴСŮе֪Ļָʹ֮ˣͿԻȥˡ
лҪ˵ĸ㣬ʮһ~
ȥʮһ·~
ƼһƪģŮby:һ
ϳδޣ֪С⣬˶Ϊһ䵭
Ůͺõ죬ҵϳǳǸҪϳԼ
ϳϲɹŮ顣
ڴҶڿϳʱϳơƱŵϣԱߵȰϳҪģԺҵõġ
ϳõĺõģһҵõġ
һʱԺϳԼϳʲô
ܲãСҪˡ

APPû


34 
СŮȻ˵, µˣҲ֪ʲôѵʮ˰ͨ, ܿͱƹ
µĲ, ָʹСŮĹȻǵڳ
װŵҰ޼ܽƤ, ߳ϵϲ
ڳߵķŮٽҸСŮû뽭ϵҵȶ繬翪ʼʱٳû˽׼õ嶾
ѽ, ȴô嶾, ʱֹᱻҧ, ᱻΪǡ
̫ˣͷƤ顣
Ҫҩݺ˽ͨʲô, ôµĶһ뵽ǳȺ, ׷Լҧ, ̲ס첲
Զ, Ҫȥϴ֡뵽ԼղŻϲζߡ
ūȥٵʡ
ߣһǲ¡
šüͷܲܰĻλڳ
ԡͷ
ûϣ, ֻ̽ʣû뵽ȻĿԡ
ǾͰλڹĸЦһ£ȥκҵǸߵˣ߷ŵڹĸͺá
ûеڳô񶾣Щ嶾һԵصԼ, ܸܱ׷ҧĸо
Ӧ£СŮϵĶ⿪ȻѨ뽭һ뿪ˡ
ԭеѨְһ̾һһǸСŮһֱ˰ɣѨĹԽ̸𣿡
ߺյЦһ£ش𣺡СʱСŮϵѨλԻ⿪ѨĹЩѣѧĻūҲԽ̸
á۾Щ˷ܡ
»صͤ󣬱ӻֽ뿪ˣ¹һۣʵǸʲôȥأһָŽӮһأ
ǻͶ¹뽭һģڷԶԶһ顣
ȥȥˣҵҲˡһɡ
มµͷ
ȵϯʼʱѾ뽭һۣɼص˵ͷ
һ˱ȥǰĻµ¹ֿҵԼλ¡
ѾˣкĴ
ʲôأŤͷ
Цһ£κⲻѣҲ֪û
ϾڳѵĹĸҪ֪ɵ飬˵Ҫκ
˻¾͵͵һЩһģƳһۣһơ
һСʵ֪
ü֪ģ֪һӵĻˮ

ôһӵĻˮˣҪǵڳԼᱨȥ
лˮĲŲҡһɣĹĵ
ѸղǻֻǵЦûԵ˼ô˵ƺ鲻򵥡
ô£˭۸ˣЦüʵ
ԥƬֻ̣С֪ˣ˵ɱҵյ´ɲҡ
ûӦôһ˵Ӧˡ
ϣҲ˵ģһڴӦȴҹ˯š
ĲܹңƲ죬ĵһŭԼϴ
Ѽ㣬̾εԴаɣ
ģסԼɨһȦ˻ˣǵڳû
ȻſڴһС
ߣͷƤһ飬Ȼ֪ӦòԼߣȴЩ¡
קѵ½ǣſڿȥ
ֻ£һȺŮӵһиˣĴӴܣǽ׷ʮߣ֩һЩ
ߣδʽʼĹ糹Ĵ׽ߣٵĵۺѦ̫պײѦ̫۾һ˹ȥ
ˣϿ޽Щ׽סʵۿһѦ̫󣬵ͷԼű߶һӵĶߣͷƤһ飬æµȥ
ʱڳˤڵأЩ߱һ˹ȥϡ
żƤˣѵ֣С£ǿ߰ɣҺ¡
ѿһۣµģαڻӺȥ
һҲ׷׸ǴӴ˳
յĹǾٰ첻ˣܿСŹ˻ʵ۵ּ⣬յĶȡǶȻȥ
ҲζţԼϵĻ͹綼ȡˡ
ҹעĲǽЩ߾ǴӺζ
ȻȡȥҲûнڣᱻϻһԼйأڳҺܿ컥뿪
Ҳ쾵һ·ϾĬЩһݾǰ˵ˣ͵ҽκЩߵˣ˵˵ġ
߻ǵڳ˷ŵģǣ¡ָ۲ѵı顣
صԼߣ˹̡ͬķӣõڳȥҸ»ġκ˰ٰɵڳˣһ˶ߵֽ˵طߡ
ߣ·ˣлʵ۵˷һҲǣ
û˵ֻ̧ģƺЩͷۡ
κʱֻ˵Ѱ£ȴû˵ô¡ֵ֪Լ
Һϻۣ˵ڹĸҲԣڹĸһû¶ʲôлֲַԡ
£~˵ûס
֪ڹǵµĹĸĵڵжǽҪûԣҪЩҧˡЩί
ҪǾˣͷҰɣҲһΡĨһᡣ
ѣ
Լһ仰Ҳû˵ȴѾԲһϷˡ
ʱ˵Ҫ㣿̧̾°ָͣ۽ǵᣬ´飬ֱӸ߱ǣΪֻع
ǲǷǵˣڳԼĳĶҲԼжЩҪ˼ɵģܽ˽ЩߵεĴˡ
˵ĲԣǱ»ֲ鵽ͷϡѶ˶٣ֵĺܣ⡣
ҲˣǵȻҲǺܴġ
ˣѷſ֣Цһǲ䡣
ֱ׳Ҵʵ
ţ˵Ķԡת£ڲ˵ʱӲ𣿡
һ˵;ЩôõĹ磬ȴһҲûϾͻˣѾʼˡ
ճ˼ֻҰ粻ɽ֭Źǡ罷ӻܲͷӡڴ£ָˡ
»Ҫʲô𣿡˵Ťͷѡ
ûʲôͽвɷȥ˵ȥˣȻӸɶ⣬нȵӡ
ùţҪЪ֪ߣһץסҪ¥ѣµ£е㺦¡
ʲôü
ߡЩ˼һЪ𣿡
Ůкοµģ
ͻȻܳס䣬ҡҡ²ңҲ˯

Ѽ鲻αؿһСЭðɡ
лл~ĵ֣첽ߵǰȻһɵϡ
ڿ˯ˡ˵
š۾簲
û˯⣬һֻͨñĿ
˯˯֮ʱﺬҪһ~

һΣ


35 
һ˯, ûڴϷôѻڡ
Ƿ, , ѿڴͷ, һؿš
£ʲôʱˣ̧۾˵
Ѽˣѹµӳ˳, һشһЬ, Ѿʱˡ
Ҫȥİſڴ, ĴȺϸȻЩ
ȻѵıƳ۾, ҿ
κջˣ绪µһж, ȥ, Ҫһ𣿡
һһ, µȵң𴲡һ洩ЬӣһԼ·
Ȼ֪κ½ΪǸɻ£һ, ²鵽Լ˵ˣȻܴ
ЬӣСҪ׷ѡ
ʱȻؿһʲôȥʶסԼؿ, վŲҶˡ
ôˣüߵʵӲ𣿡
ô߳ܵ飬ô˼˵ڡ
Լ˯ʵԭǶĴӺɢˣղǶֱ»˺öࡣ
ȳȥһ£һ·˵
㴫̫ҽǿš
һû£һ·ͺˡ
ԥƬ̣˾䣺ٽ˸ǽ裿
ţƬ̣ŷӦ˵ʲôؿڸεû£ֻ·ɢˣ¿ȥ
ȿȣ㡣˵գ첽š
ѳȥ󣬽·ϵöǶӣһȻųȥ
̫б½࣬Ѱκнѽĺ˵һ顣
ץ˷֮ˣ˹ڳŭڳڻԲѣջʳأܼҼүĹְκ˵
Щȣôأ
ڳǻʵ۵׹ĸڻλ֮а٣Իʵһֱλ׹ĸ
η߳ԿǵڳԼ˵ʵ۶˸ԼλĸһӦöôŭ
Ѻһڲ裬Խ͵׷ʱһָպó֣Ϊġѽڻʵô嶾ջΪ
󣬶쾯ʾʵ۲òＺگһһ
ˣʵΪڳв֮ģĨԼֻǲ֪гʲôԼŴ󶯸λ𣬶Եڳ
ڷô¶ʵҲû¹ˣϵڳΣ»ʵǣǣıҪ塣
һüգйﶼز񻰡
ԭÿն˳ԣȥٻǼһɽСϪˮЩͣˣû˸ڻʵŭʱȥ֡
¹СҲҽˣ⼸һֱʵ٣ԼҸˣֹԼҵܵܵ壬²ҩĲ
һ쾵ģ˯öˣϾЩ˯ţڴ˻򣬺Ȼ˱ꡣ
סСϻȻؽϸϸİš
ȥţСϻŽֽõԼߣ˯
Ƭ̺˯Ĳɷæȥš
ѣִӴʵʲô𣿵ô˻˯
ѿһۣΪȣֻűɴ£°ɫĶǶϻż÷
һܿŲĿ⡣
ⴰǰ±ˣ
ŤͷһۣȻûйϣԼ轿紵ţ˺üƬ߹ȥϡ
˯ǰЩȣѴţһֱǹˣû뵽㺦ѵľʱЩⲻȥ
Ь´ЩǸΣ¶Բ˹ش
۲ѵĻҪһ˵ҹҪѣҪˡ
¡Ŀھϡ
δһʵ»û˯𣿡
ղڴ¡һţ˵йķ˰һ¡
มһЪš
ףҪ¥¡
أʱС׻֪ʱűߣһҧסӲš
﷢в
㣬ɿڡץסֻǰȣͼ
С׻ƺǼǵ˭Ҳɿڡûţҧҧȴ׵أ̿
Ϊ֪С׻ѲԸ⼸ֻҪڣͽвŲɷصû뵽ϵС׻ײˡ
һЦһС׻ȴûЧ
üС׻һۣвɷȥһѼ½Ǽǡ
áģ½Ǽ
أС׻ҧһƬ½ǣŵȻòɷһͬ˳ȥ
ɷȥֻʣѺͽˣ˵˾˯ת׼뿪
ȴȻסµȵȡ
ѵͷ˱סһۣͳö𣿡
򴽲˼ɲһ£
ˣǲǴſˣ
˯ţҾͺˡ

Ŀ䵽ϣǰļͷԼ۵ĺ÷Ȼ̧ס۾׼ȥ
Ҫһġ
Ѷ˶٣ȥ
ԭֻһ¾ͽģǵСļͷʱȻЩƲס»
ɴ£㱧ĺȻҡ
˺ܾãֿɤӵʱˣЩЪϢ
ͷߵ˵ֻգգˮӣؿ
Ѽɴϣգתȥ
εΡ
Ϥʾ𣬽ƾճֵдţ
ҹķȾ纮ʵѳᣬΪԾѡ
1.ķ˵磬ҹ˼ҺüįŶ~
2.Ϊķһ֧衣


36 
ҹܴ, žžડشڴϣƿ׼¥
һ紵˽ķҷˮʪ, ڽļͷ, 䲻ش˸顣
£Ȼ, ۼ½ǾҪʧſڣҲûؽס
к£Ťͷ
ſҵĵɢ͵Ĺâǡվ棬Ƶ, ƶС, ĵü续, 빴
ȻˣͰ͵һһ˵
ɷ, Լ뱻Щ߳ܵĻ
Цһſڵ˵, š
ֱ, һ½, ˵
ѵĿ˵ϣ˫ˮӣԼסĺ촽΢΢ȻӵǲҪ˵, ҹ̫ˡ
֪Լ˿жôˡ
ϽˣԼҪҪˣ
һ仰Ĺ򣬲ʱġ££ϵ·һСܵǰ, ץס
ûһͷһѽңȻҵš顱һӹˡ
һУŤͷͼüԼƺЩݡ
ͽţһţԴһ±磬뿴𣿡
˵һ˲䣬ûзֱѵӺȻҲðƣ˵ʱβ˵ʲô
˵븴һ飬ɻȥȴȻ齩סԼղ˵ʲô
磬뿴𡭡
衭

ղ˵ʲô
崿ɰ󷽵ȫû
ҡʲôҲû˵ˣ̵סԼһ޿
ϵͳ񷢲ϾҪˣһưˣһһ
ѺȻҲż뿪ˣŽյģȻЦ
žҹЦͳдԣֱҪ˶仳С
ǵˣǵáȻץסϵС֣
裿ûʶ޳ָϻˡ
ڵһ±С¹ͨͨţ͵ҲǸ˼˵ǡǡ
ʲô
ѿԼߵ˵һЩȡ
֪ȥģĽȴ˸ֹ뿪
꣬˵ڡ
ʧЦղ㺦ߣҲ֪ղǵȴ󵨵ĻǴ˭˵ġ
˵ڱ㲻˵ˣЩ˯ֱǲʲôȥұ֤Լ˾ӡ
ҪߣȻס֣һ糤ҹ˼ҺüįŶ~
һͣЪأ˵겻ѽӻεЦЦҪҪʲô

û˵ֻǶؿ
Դ޹ģؾԼȹڣһȻסԼŵҲԣҪ˯˾Ϳȥ˯ɡ
̫߳ˣ
еط죬ȥ/(o)/~~
ڴ˿̣ѺȻЦˣʲôò翴˼
ллбں
ƹˤװʲôҲûһϵͳ壬ʾѾɣתȥ
һߣһǷҺȻ־ú¿ȥ˯ɡ
˯һͿԵʲôҲûֶ˵Ҳ֪ԼһθˣҰο
Ǳ뿴ġֻһᣬ㱻ѵͷ
ʾζĻ
̧ͷ°ͣ˴ָ£Ҫ˯𣿡
ѴƳһۣôֲˣ
˼Ц
Сһġ
ղǽ߳ܣкߡ
Դ󷽷ҪףҪ˯ȴ󷽷˵Щ߳ܵĻ
ϵͳЩ߳playһƤҲס
ôһѽŵϣʣ˵ģһ£
۾أգգһ£͵~

ΣǹҸе
˸пǸסǵ˵Ҫһ㣬ԺŬؿ
ܰоȻըںߵذԼ˱
޴⣬׹ڣǻģ¶ĵ
ٴʱɫѴ˸ߵȺ󣬲Ž顣
߳ܰ
̵ӣסԼ˵ֻ¶һ˫棬ᷭ͵͵ؿһۡ
˫۱ţ۽Ũ˳û¶ãĿƵͦıϡ
ǰ˵ͦǷ涼Ƚ֪ǲġ
ٵıһ뵽飬оԼȻûһоһɬ
ֲˡ
ڿʲôͷѵ
͵ػҡҡԴĻɫ˦ûûʲô
Ѻɵؿһۣ󣬡ûʲôôһģ
ЩըëҺ𣿡
ЦһЦģ
Щ𴲣װͰ͵
á˵
Դصȵ·Ű˸ϳȥȻɾﴩ
³ȥѾκźϴãͭǰκԼ
ֽ̧κͣ£׵𣿡
һ£ͷᡣ
κʶȤÿλãϵľݸ
ľԥƬ̣ں˳ͷﾹȻЩʡ
ӷٲѣܿˣڸѴϣ˺һƬ̣صͷ
ЩС⡣
ѿһͭԼﻬһ˿Ц⣬ɡ
Ȼ~
ͷú󣬽䣬ʼϴˢͿĨ֬ͭǰԼ췢
Ѿһԣؿ
ùţѽѵûгţ¿飬ͿԱߣӸС׻·
¹й죬΢յȡ
ڶ˰ظʱȻһ
κܿͨ£°Сүˡ
̧ͷһµʲô
Ϊ˵ڳ¡κ
ԣüǽ
ǡκӦ¡
ĶƳһѣû˵ʲô
κܿ°ˣһѵ棬°һᣬӯӯ£ѱ磬Ⱦĸס
ҲۿЩڵѱ壬Ⱦĸ


37 
ѿһ, šüˣ
߳жޱӣЩӻس, ԼҪȥӪ, ʡһŮ
ʵЩ, 俴ಡȴȺСϡϴ죬Żǰ㡣
Ҫĸ£Ҳҵǰ
, ѱ塣
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ĸţŲסѱȾĸɣ
°Ҳ˲۽, ɫѱ磬۰㣬Ⱦĸװɣܹţȥӵġ
, Ƕյĺ
ǲ֪ѻ᲻Ӧ˵ȥµʵۣܼ顣
Ȼǲϣͽµģڳ׹ĸĵĸĸжС÷°ڿ²⣬Ѱ˳ɻȥġ
һţһԼһ衣
ΪβţƤһƣҲûκõӣĮ
յڳ㷸˼ɻ䣬ʵȴϣֻʳأܼҼүĹְûݶĹţܼүǵľλ
ֻҪܼҽӵ͵£˶ãܼҼүͻٸԭְ
û뵽ڳȴͲסӣŲȥʵۣŭա
°ʹȰˣĸȴ˵յܼҵģϾʹ˰ݡ̫ҽϵҹȻ⣬汻˼߳ҩġ
ĸⱲװˣδܹίϽ£ȥ˱¡
ͣµⷣ򣬵ڳȥҪ
°Ļͷһڲ裬ƲƲ졣
ҪԼ֪࣬õڳȫܣĻ
ֶԹĸһأȴôĸλǹĸĲԡûּ۰ȴҲ˻ֵ˼ܼȥµ֡ѵ
ĿһۣȴȻŤͷȻذԼĲ豭һڲˮ
Ų豭ԼµĴ֬ӡ֣ڵһ
׺öˣԼıӣԼȴǻЩ˼
뵽°ţҲû˵ʲôŤͷԱߵĹһӣ͵ߣ³Ըӡ
Ѵһֿۣ߻Ƴγεӣҧһڡ
˲һ˲䣬ϵıЩʧءҺӦ죬ʱס
𣿡ȸȷ硣
һΥĵ𡣡
˲˵Цü䣬ĸ첲һģ
°ҧһ˿⣬ܿز
ܼңϼܼˣе°׽֮Ψб磬֮ҲΨб磬°
˵ͻȻһҪȥץѵ֣ƺ½ֻطڵϿ޵ĸһ
ĿùˣҲĸһ
Ǿ仰ֻһɢүҲ˻ֵ˼
ҪڹĸǾͻֱӳܼңֻ˹ڵ⡣
磡°ŵ̧ͷ档
˼𣿡Ťͷ°ˡҲ£ܹԭ¡
ͷҡȵĶһͣĵȵصǸҲܡ
°һͣϣȻ޴롣
ؿѡ
Ѵֺһڲ裬·ʲôҲû
սȭͷȻ̧ͷôߣ
һۣδڣѺǳģĿ𳤣ձ㽫͵Ӫȥ
ίڵһվס°ĸ첲ùߣǣ
ѱԴӳ׺󣬱㱻񶾵Ů˹ԻҲǰǸõѱˡ
°ҧģؿѵ磬ŲţҴδ
޵ĽᣬܿԼһۣԼ˵Ļ
ȴʼնûһۣץְ
ùߣҪ塣ļԼĹù˱΢Ҫ°ߡ
ž°һ˹ȥȻűסĶ˵壬ҲѴ
ǹùòãŭֵ̧ʱ»¶ϵ˰̡
ǰ̺ۻţʮ°Ȼʶʲôæջڵסͷ
ѱ磬մˣҺĶߡ
ͷ˲ᣬžǿ뿪
ߺ쾵ָƳһѣյԱߺղ˼ҿ޵滨ģôҲϧϧ
Ĳ˵°ղģԼ֪ĿҲᱻƭȥ
бһۣϵͷ۾ֲϹ
ţͷ
°֪ڹĸµġ¼飬һˣֻҿġ
Ļ˺ġ
״ϻۣ徭Ҳ̫νƮƮȴǰϷѴϡ
һЦˣ벻ѾȻһ滵


38 
ΪҪϷװ, ʵ
ѷе飬ϸ˼Ƭ̵˿ģϾȪ, Ϊ㻵͸ˡ
ҡҡͷ, Цֻ˵һС֡
รѸȤкĿģ
ҧһ, ЦĿģȻǵ°~
ϴȪ, °
ҳԷɴסεЦЦ, ˵ʮ, ˭һ֮ˣ
ҿûԴף˵Ķʵ°, ǽһ޲ѵ˵ڵء
һ, ĹĵҪ˵, ڲӣ
ȿȡںȲ, ĻǺһ¡
ǵĲˮб˽һۣ˭ĸһ

ǲӣôˣ
ˣĿΪ, ǡѲ⣬°ЩСȴʲô
СֹҪ˵㻰
ȻۣԴСèƵġ
ſԱߵ, °ͿȻ£һܻʮꡣ
ϵͳӷϵͳʲôڻԾϵͳǽȼƻ
Խޱȿ϶Ѳ
һ£ЦЦǾͽ㼪ˡ
*
°֣һԲͷµߣֱ쵽µ⣬ͣŤͷùãԺҪȥѱˣǲֻ֮꣬ǸŮ㡣
°ӸûӦ£ֻ۵Ķ𣿡
򴽣ҡҡͷۡ
°ͷӲ۽ǵˮȻ̧ĶùҪסһ£ҪѱΪС񻹼ǵ㸸ĸĶ飬չмӣ㲻ܵôߣ֡
ֻǸ񶾵Ůˣֿԣ
ԹҲҪֳĶóˡ°ǰ꣬ſףѾӪؽԼȳĳ
ϱӵ飬ĸ׵˼Զϰ۵֮Ů
ֻԼ֪޵µһ𣬱֪Լĸ׶ˡϰϲˣȢԼȴӲԼ
ԹҲֹȴΪ볤̫ԶΪԼ衣
ѦҶλھıΪۣѦҽսսܣԼг֮ززѦҾӪܾĥ档
ĶȳԼ֪ǸžһƽѦҵġ
̶̰꣬ѦұڽڰˣѦ̫ѦʺݱնҵĽɽ㱻¶˻
δԼλŻʮ꣬ಡı羹Ȼǰ
ĶԼسգѱһòĹװ³ͬ䱦
ȻǿҵضʼɣпͷԼģԼûĸ׵˼޸Ǹѱĵ˾Լ
Ż⣬궬죬µ۵ǻա
ٴۣԼȻص˸ռ޸ĵڶꡣԥظ˶гĴϡ
ɥ£˸ϻسҪѱȢ֮ǰ޸
׽ŪˣϻسʱѱѾΪϲȢ˽ǰǸŮˡ
ԭͼ֮ѱǵȥԸɳյҹܵģɿƵǰ
ǱȴűԼĶ
һ̣ļҲƲסȪʱʧݺֱӰں
Ϊγ嶯ѱԼԶ࣬Ϊ֤ףòĸԾ֤ס
ȥѱ磬Ϊ˽ϧϧԼϧֻҪнڣѱͲۿԼ
°һ˿ɫָֻܿģ˵߰ɣȥĸӻ
ù˵ĸˣ۾һ
ĸǱµ׹ùãµġ°ǣס֣µķȥ
Ȼĸ£ΪλҪȥ쾵
ĿŹùıӰһ˿ã
Ϊյ£ʵ۶йҲûȤǡʱϷˮ֣նѣΪʵȻûټֵĵ
ʮգʵ۴ųǻ˳
ѻصʱĺɫոս٣˱̴ǴӵŽ˷괺ԺڴųֿԻ˸Եӡ
ݺ󣬽㵹˯һȵź˲ɷԵɵɵ
ңſѻ·ڷǰԼ
Щ˼첽߹ȥµ˶ˣôвɷЩҡ
˵ҲǸ
ޡһӿʼš
ţС̱ϷһŤͷںȲѣС£Ҷе͡
ѷ²յǾͳȥߣ
ͷĵȥ濴ǰɣ
ףߣûԼֱ㱻Сץסˡ
ŤͷͷץԼ֣Ȼһ¶˵֣̾µֺô󰡣
ְװۣأѵĴǰֱһСӵ֡
üû˵תȥ
С΢΢ָָ죬ʮָۡ
̤ɫ߳괺Ժͷһ۶˵֣Ȼɤʵ£۲ѽ~
ۡ
ͷ㶼һˣôѽ

Ѵһ̣۾컬࣬Сɫߣ
͵½춼ûңô֪컬أ
ѺȻͣͷԼ첲Ůӣ̧ס°ͣĵǽб㾿ǲ컬ࡣ
̧ͷ΢죬ҪϸһŶ~
á°ͣȥ
һᣬһ§סϸ˻ȥСֻʵشһβ
ͺʲôоֻһֱûлᣬڿԴˡ
΢΢һ٣ſĶƵղڸʲô
ˮģ޹ҡͷûиʲôѽ
һУһ£Ȼּɢ
ĵһԼͣȻһЦ
Цʲôѵͷ
ԣסĸ첲ЦеڸҾȻ˯һ~
ѣ
ȷζ
ᵽ϶ѾǸزȻסֻԼ֣
ɵǲϲˣ
ԽԽòԾԼôˣôԲΪ뵽߶̣ûһŮľͺȻ˰ء
ͣ½ŲͷȻЦһһһֻ˵һ飬ϲŮˣϹ¡
ҾҲǡ뵽ոԼʱģͲˡ
Լ飬Ҫһ£ԼҪˡ
Ϊʲôԭ򣬽ںΪڸոƶһΰĿꡣ
Ǿǣ˯ѣ


39 
ȻƶĿ, Ǿ͵ִС
Ǹжɣɢһص괺Ժ, ֪º, ͵ſڡ
˯, Ҫҹˣ֪ػΪҪȥƿڽͷһ£٩
һӵɵϴ, 㡭ô֪
ô֪Լÿϲ˯, ŵƿ, ѵźŮгСͽˣ
ѿı飬֪ʲô, ̧һ£, ϱٿ, ´ٽб, Ͳκ򻰱ˡ
סԼƤӵ£Ϊʲô֪
ͷżڵȥС֪~衣
˵Ķױٸ߸ߣôԼ, һֱܶһֱ顣
Ҷǳˣ˵Ķòã롣

ʮͷۣԽԽƤˣˡƫƫԼǴҲ򲻵, ҲãĻջȥû취
˵վûˡ˶٣ͼ档
ƲƲ죬ֱЩ롣
û˾ûˣҪɴµˣССѾ(*)
ϲǡסѵ䣬۾ģȸԾʵҪҪҸսгۣⶣǷǷŵıȽ١
ӦӦ~
ıۣϾ~
ֻ̫ʲô飬ȫûӦԼ׮¡
ȣ΢ˬһЩϣҲǵǺԴӳԹԼĥıۺѾϲۡ
Ȼ˵ܸоһᵽۣü۶չࡣ
Ȼ΢΢ףֵҲá
ϲЦտѽݣкɷѱ۶
мһ˸һߣ˹سԼǰıۣż˵仰
һֱû£ѳ˱ۣŮȫϳȥһ£Ҫ˵
̧࣬ҲЩ˵š
ָǰıۣ̣ôٷˣǲǸʲôǮ~
Ҫñʲô֣üʵ
Ϊ˼ЦҲʲôֵҪ󡭡
ûоãǶѾôˣǲǿѽ~
ԣ΢΢ϣϾؿŽ˵ָʲô飿
Ҫжĵӡ
ԥƬ̣µ͡ǿӵ顣
ѳĬƬ̣ȻƮƮСɫߣ

֪ܾԼ
͵͵ؿһۣſ·ÿѹֶ˵¿ˣˡ
ͬĻˡһ磬ͷҾֻ취ˡ

̾һ˱Ƶߵߣ˷ŵϣԣʲôС

գգ۾סѵĲӣȻͷȥ
ҪΣǰ
ֳ࣬ûоܾǡ
һֽ»½Ȼȥϵ
Ѷ˶٣ס֣Ȼ̧ͷɿ
ЩЪšƣȾŨص/

ȥԼ񵽱ݵָſڣûпѡ
̫࣬ȻԼӡ
ǣؿһ۴Ǹİһ˿Σתȥ
Ŷ䣬ĽŲԶһӾ˳
ƿǲ̫Сˣ
ŤͷؿͰ͵عڴϣһᣬ·һ̱Ҫӿһ
̾ת§ԼĻ˼롣
κȥһ
䣬ǵ˯
ѡšһ˴ڻ˯ɣ
*
գڳȻأǲ˵Ϣ
ΪȻҪȥ̽
˹°һطǣ۾ףѵһ৵һ
ѱ硭ĸ׿첻ˡ°ʹ޵
ü̫ҽ˵ģ
̫ҽ˵Щˡ°ҧ
̧ѣ⣬ĸף½ȥɣĸ׸պȹҩţѱˣҳȥм仰Ҫ˵
ϾԼĹĸȻ̽ˣȻҪȥģֻ档
ѿ˽һۣһ䣬Թű
áͷ
°ŶˣһɲʣָҲûиоֱѵĮŻع
ѱճյؿһѣᣬһ
Ŷ˽ȥ֪Щ
Ӷվź󣬵ڳӱ㲻ˣ¹һʱ°ȥͲಡˡ
ѽݺ󣬿ڳ˥ϵģһʱ侹Щûϳ
ˡڳѵ۾ȻԴǰŵĻʵ۵ϣܼҵ¶ĸ֪ΪˣĸͿˣ
ӽԺǹܲˡҷŲҵСŮ°˹ѣպȥ˱û˻ˡ
ĸף°޳һˡ
û뵽Լĸ׵ͻȻͿˣǰʱúõػš
ǽĸֻ
޻Ụ°ġһֱûпڵĻʵۿһ°Ȼڵ
˵°Ļ¡ڳԵҪҺͿ°޸ѳ˻顣
֪Ҳ֮λֻ°֮λ뱲иǡ
ʵ۳ĬƬ̣ͷԡ
ɣδ䣬ؾܾӱȹĸӸҪһ˯ѡѵҵ򲻿ٵ°
Ǹ̳ӵƢǸӦһ֣ȥǲð
ģ°ѿŻʵ۵Ҿûָʺ°õ
ѣɺʵ۵ؿԼҵܵܣ᳤ġ
ҡҡͷҵֲö˵
ĸĲ°ãֱ°ðɣֵӣܺùӵĲ
ʵԥƬ̣һ°סڳֵĸģ޻úô°ġ
°ȻǹѸò̲סһ˿ϧӦԼҵܵܵ
ϣڳҵؿ°Ҳŵؿѡ
ô


40 
°, ǾʹͷΪᣬλΪλĸΣʵ˼Ƭ, °͵ڳ˵, Ѿ˷š
ô, һֱŮЫòиϵǱ°ȥˡ
ղԼ˼ǲˣЩӦµڹĸĻڵƯ, Ҳϲи, °, ѻģһ˶ӡ
°, ²ʺ빬ڳҵؿ
빬ʵҲ°⺢ħ, ﶼѱ硣ԼѾһ, ٴڶ, °˭Ͱ޸˭
ڹĲԼйأʵΣΪڳ°ڹ۸㰲οĸ, ʺ޻úû°ģί
ڳ죬һʱ䲻֪˵ܲܶԻʵ˵°ϲܵ, 㲻Ҫˡ
˵ˣܼҵٻǵͷˡ
°ԭлԼټ޸£ǻᱻڸڳֻί
ʵ۰֣˭ڸ°ѵԭȾЦѣûʽף㲻лԼ
ǹĸƲޣ֮λ䲻°ãʵԭûз°˼ɼĸã±Щˡ
˾֮ˣѵ䲻һѸ
浱ֵģǰԼ°޸ѣĸٰãҴҽ°ȥ˾¡
°ɷܵܣôõ飿
£ĸֻǷĲңԲź°ͨһ¹򵽵ϣ˸񣬡º°죬ֻʬδټޣ
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ʱѺȻڣŮɥֻʮյľɥϰ£°Ȼл֮¡
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ʵۺ룬ֵ˵е¾ˣʥּͻӭ°ĸҰİɣ
ѾģΪ롣
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Цһ£ôҵСӿ
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Ҫ֮ʱϵͳʾһ𣬿еϸһλ
һӺķᷢʵŭѳᣬΪԾѡ
1.ķһ֧衣
2.ԭص

ȥǰɣ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


41 
ͷ͸, ٿԱ߷洦ѣһ
˾ԼСġ
ԵܲúĽС, ˸ɲ/һ, һ
ȿȡ͵һ, ÿĲƲסǷǡ
ϵͳȻ߳ܣ¶Ҫ˯ѣȫһ, һԼΰĿꡣ
һûʲô߳ܵġ
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ĴУͦһ, ַɿɿˡѵĺʶعһ£ëʵһ, ±һī
֡ץס, еıʷ, Ťͷģ
ſЦ̧ͷһĺᣬָؿϴ˴˼һ㡣
ͷһֱ͵ԼСͣ, һԼ֣һִĸ첲˵Ľ
ҪδڲѵʹԽˡ
һ, ȱֱϣüĵǺһֻСèƵġ
룬ͷǵ¿Щ
ѡšһͷ洦ϵ飬ٶȿࡣ
ſڰͷһȤ뵽Լûɣȹĵسš
ѻڴ飬Ȼױ磬һ¸ʲô衣
ϵͳ󣬾Ȼĵظһʱ
ǵãֿͷĸŮУɻ书óԼױ磬ԼƽﱣԼ۵裬ơ
ص괺Ժ˰ƽƣʲôȽȻּ򵥺ѧ裿
ʱ϶ûʲô裬ֻѧ򵥵ģһһԼˡ
еУѧ𣿡ʡ
˷ܵصͷԼ
ˡƺߵЦһ£ſ֣ȹתһȦƺȻˡ
һ磬Լѧ裬һֱҪʱŴţ񻽽Լױ硣
ǺɫĨأᱡķɫɴ£ۼ仹һɫɴȹ»ȹжȹں»ӯӯâ
˸٣ױĶˣβ仹һĵ
žԼͷϵѪӣһ뵽Ҫ飬̲סЦ
ū澸ղŶˡЦŵү»룬ӣ
ò˵ĻҶƮƮȻòɷһȺ˶෢µǮ㽫˶˳ȥ
ߺѿٵشֱ񣬷ƺȥ˺ûٻΪˣüЦһκ˷괺Ժ
˽ſڣŽգɷŮ棬֤ʵĲ²⡣
εǣ˼ô彭ܽ
֨ѽһŽݣûˣ㾶ֱ߽ҡ
һݣͼڴµϣ֮Ц˵أôŻҵþˡ
ģҲ
ĴģȻѿüͷһסϸϸʵȱʲô
Цţҽպѧһ֧裬ŵ»¿
ԭˣ֪Ϊδ˺ÿ
ŸһݣʢװģȻƬ̣Ҳ©һġ
²ģѸȤ
ǵ¿ҪϸŶ~ٵͷȴȻЩߣ˺һƽ̹ԼĶӣʼ
ƽĽοɰʱĽĻˡ֫ڣ˫޹ǣӯ鶯ǻṴһ㡣
ԭţſţͽؾֱӣĿ׷Ӱָڰۡ
תĿ϶һۣɱۼŵɴ䵽ϣȻһǸ»ȹ㻬䵽ϣ¶ɴȹ
ķɫӼͷ䵽ۼ䣬¶СԲļͷ£ϱֻʣһɫĨأһɴȹ
ɴȹ˹ճѪš
תһȦ޹ǵؿѵĻյߵ磬ϲ𣿡
ԴۻԼϣȵĺڶ󣬵Ǽ⣬Ѻһ£§סϸǴѧģ
㲻Ǹ˻ǵ
ԼŮΪӡǵСӣӦǲЩ
±Ǵѧģֻ˵ÿÿǡ
ȻǺÿġ
仰û˵ƽԼԼĳ
¿һۣһţϣỹ̰ɡ
ʵ̵֤̣غࡣ
£ۿҡĽ̽ȥȻסѣĴҧһ¡
ץס֣ȴûֹ̧һֻ֣Ƶȥ
ǿưԵϯΪĿ׵촽飬Ҳġ
֮Ķͷǲˡ
ǸˣĻͽʶԼĺˡ
ϧǰճҽδ
ˣˮ⣬֪˺ߣſﲻϳ
ץסСѾӡ
ʲʱ˫𪽿۵Сűע⣬ôˡ
˼ؿ˰˾䣺̬
°󣬱Ϊĵڶգ˵Ϣ˺ð졣
ѵ䣬λ°ãôȻͳ
ǰһ˼Ҫ޸ֳѵСɩӡ
ĵС֣Ŀеҳϣ赭д˵ڵڳ顣
ɴӣЩɵۣ
Ҳ̫ɧ˰ɣ
Сһ׮û°ϣʵ۽ԣҲ½ҳԷɴףؼҴ˴̳Ӷѡ
߷Ժһһ㶼񡣡Ѱ§ڻƮƮɰˣ
ͷ̫
Цһͷкμν
ͷԴһ¡
ûգڳҹȥˣǶŵ䣬ϰҲϢӾ¿ӱ޸򳤰μӵڳɥ¡
ͬʱҽҲڻ˳κ뵽͡
ǿ˲٣ضҲ֪࣬ʲôҩѺŹһϡؿ
ԭ̫ҽЩҩʲôġһԵκѻش
չգһѻ׵ĺ룬ӣǽںתˡ
ǵķӹáѵ
ҡҡͷƶ̱ԪķֻǿһЩȴܸĲ
ѿһκ⣬κɫεӣǷз¡
Це֪ǰЩȢ
̧ͷһѣ׵ǿɵģֻƶҪ»һӡ
ֻҪӣЩѵġһ䡣


42 
ʧ, н̲ס˴ܸС
ޱȷţѵĳʮǲϸԼ
⾿Ϊʲôأ
ſڴǰ, , °Ͱ̾
ʱаٶ, ô¼Ӧȫǣ
ϸͬʲôԭ
£ȴңоԼˡ
ͬأ
¸ղ³ȥ, ˵Ͳˡɷһɶ, һ衣
֪ˡŸݺݵҧһ, 
ˣҲƢˡ, 岻õ֣
΢, ŵŵŵܵ, вɷī, ԼҪ
Ȼѵ׼ǵ׼
˵ʵ½нͷۡѳ߹׽ʳ㳤󣬴ȱʲô, Լ͵Ҫϲĺѡ
˼룬һᣬÿģÿһŻĻģҵģ, ʱģԼ˴ʱźɫģ
ڻźɫģΪ̲ס˼ʣһö˶˵ػͱѱڴϣ½һֳֻʮСͼ
ЦãŻŵһߣһŽ׵ֽһɫģ
⻭ֻԼĶȤζɲܱѿ
껭͵ʱ䣬ϴϵϣһùţСһشӴʱŮ˵¹ˡ
ССȥˣ¹һӽݣӷŵϣ˳һ䡣
˸ǷˣϲŻҪҵ£ҽκȥѰѰ
ˡ¹æҡͷС岻ڸãҲ߶ҡ
ڳĹѧҪǱС֪ɾͲˡ
ҽСһġ¹˼ЦЦϵĺڲƿ¶һֻն̵İɫСè
Сè۾ɫģϰɫİ׺ëγĶԱȡէü⣬СèװͰ͵س彭˼¡
ʲڼһֻСèعʺﲻϲèֻܰСèСȰˡ¹̾
ϲЩë޵СϴοС׻ʮȣϧС׻ײһֻСè
Ůʺﲻϲèֻн
СèëޣһСӵģ̲סһӦȻԣģһὫСèİװ֡
С׻Ͼɽ֣ϵ˺˺󣬽ͽŹɽˡ
лС¹˼Ҹڽ˸޽ҳסˣСèߡ
¹ѾʮˣʵѾʼΪѡ׼޽ع꣬ͿԳˣСèԼĹˡ
ڰ֣л´ٳ棬Ҿͺá
մʮġ
ǿԡ¹ɵֻСͰСˡ
¹뿪󣬽ŮһȺ˶һСèϴ衣
ϴ޲ӽСèؽϵëɾֽгӳԡ
ѴʱͷһûмԼӭԼÿţῪĵӭ˽ԼնЩʲô
ûЩϰߡ
ʲôһߣһ
ϹϾػش𣺡￴飬¹һˣֻСèСè˰ա
ףֽݺȻڵϣһëЦеضڽСè
ôϲЩСԱ߿èڵֵҽĳУмֻ˹èո
ƳһۣԼè
üԼһ裬ôˣ˭ˡ
Сèëײײشܳô˻һץסСè
û²ҡѶ棬Ĺĵ
ԼյˣȻһ㶼û֡ڻ˭ˣһԾûС
มѼˣüû˵
֮Ȼ׷ʣؿϣĿ
ɴ۾ȫûʶԼĴۿˣСèͷߡ
ȥأѱۣһֻץסĸ첲
ƫͷʹСӣȥĶУﰭµۡ
ôȻˣ㽫ԼĻ
̧°ָͣ۽ḧ̾ϢһбҪ𣿡
ƽҲûôһ£ûзֵ˼ûù
˵˵ĲãѵַĲϣһ£ͳдԣ˲ͷ
һָʼߣ׵ʱңңղż˻ҡ
Ҫǡôˣȴܼһʼղ̤׳ذ벽
ЦĶϣȵĺڶˣҪʲô
͵һ۵ҪȻ˯
ô˯ЦЦ
ʿˮǿĺ룬صص˵ͷ
һУ˭˯
üһƺΪѣڽΪҪԼ˵ʱȴȻüͷչΪѵˣ͸һλᡣ

Ǹ˼ֿˡ
ȵУס˫ĸɾ۾һǣ档
أκŵҩĻԴǡ
ռ򵥵ǲͬθģĴıǼ⣬ĶͷԭǳشϢࡣ
ȹںܴɴȹɢסϵɫ֯ۡںڵķ˿һ𣬷ֲ徿˭ġ
ڽ޳һҪ
ʱָһѵһ˿㵣Сèؽ
⡭ɿСè̲ס
ҲӦ˹Լɢ½ϣСèԼС鿴һûˣ΢΢һ
ѩ򱧳ȥɷɡèѵĻŤͷԼȵķա
һСèĺ󾱣ߵſڣСèݸɷãֻܿصڡ
˵ģˮģſϵİſڵķ򣬼ԼˣֺߵذԴ䣬ʮֿɰ
£Ҫ𣿡Ҳġ
߽ᡰšһǰ°Ȼһѽ˱ŵ˴ϡ
ɴʴ£Ũīɫط·ܽȥ
һΣҪ˻ش𡣡ƣŨص/Ը𣿡
ص˵ͷȻЦˣָỬ½
ʱ뵽ԼǰαܾգȻ۾޹£ˡ
¡
Ц⽩סˣһͷϻһκƵزô˵
ЦҲûʡ
Ѷã·ǿĴȻᶨ

סС̬
Цˣָ۽ǻ۽ǵˮСƭӡ
˵գĽŵһ¡
˲ЦһСϺףҴˣҴˣ
ѡ
ЦһŹȻ
*
Ѿˣֶĳָۣ붯
ڴǰֵ£
ֻһɫп㣬һ°ɫ£̻¶ŵϵӡղץġ
ղŶ˺ãһƬǽ壬Ҳ˼ŮָֻѰԼȥԡͰˡ
ûоֻܾڱ֮ϵ⣬ЦЦûа
ѻﲻ˵ԼŵԡͰ󣬱װͰ͵ظˣȳȥԼϴ
û˵ʲôֻǽŮǺھſڣǽҪһͿԡ
ȽϴʱպüһƿƳһڵ·ƣҩŵֱߣĻϵҩ
ղųȥȥҩˣ
ûˣ˶֪ոշʲô/(o)/~~
͵ı飬ƺǲµʲôһ䣺ҩ鷿õġ
ߵʱ򣬸ƿҩ
ץסص㣬Ϊʲôҩ

һΪӵĵġ
ˣڽݺ󣬿춼Ѿ˻󣬸ǳ˺ƨɡ
ϴϴô죬Ϊڲɷǰ棬ԼѴ컻û뵽ȴһ
뵽մϵЩĺۼ;Լûˡ
ƫƫŻûУȥԡžѾںˡ
ӲͷƤȥţΪʮΣȴһҲûУֻаںõķˣˡ
ȻǿԼ˼˶֧ˡ
룬ΪԼոĵһеǸ
ùźҹѾˣûлԼķ䣬ڽķ
ڹӷúܣһϴĺܣմͷͿʼ˯
ڶϣǱѵġ
ʱ磬˯һƵָȻ˯һô򵥡
ľ˸£æܾҪˡ
Ǻ
룬ʲô»ҹһҹ˴ɣСﶼƭ˵ġҹһξѾܵˣ˵˴ˣᵱġ
ȻܶණûԵʱоãԵ˾ͳɶˡ
ΰĿʵֺһֿįС

Ŀϣüȫ̬ȲһģȻ
ûӴصҪȥҵѩСˣ¿˯һ
ѣ
оԼֻǶݵıһ¡


43 
Žɢͷ, ȥСèıӰﻹ˯⡣
̲סҹõļ䣬ͼҵ, нȻԼô䵭ԭ
뵽Լ³, ίؽҪټ, Ķʱ΢΢ѵԼĲԣԲ˷£
һ̣ѵϷ·ˣɫؿ, ǿһ
ѩС, ס, ɷСèˣʱ˷
ҪѡһֱɰĶ, ôԥͶèһƱЩ´Сè, , Сֱڻġ
ëСèһ, ڻ̲סë޵ͷ˺ü¡
ȵı飬뵱׷ԼҪ׵ģһģһ
ףĺܿ㣬Ĳֹֻһˡ
Сèһ, Ŀ䣬Լϣһ˿˿⣬ϸ룬Լδ
, ڿʲôԥƬ̣Сʵ
ѿһ룬֮ǰ̬ȣֻСèмơ

Сèܵ߶£ЦΪºСèһɰϲ~
ͺǹƵġ
һƿ´ɾ·ʼ¡Աߣؿ·һһӸͼȻؽСè£вɷźԼ
ǳģŨĹԼֿζ๩ѡ
ѷ¿ӵʱ򣬽һسţȻκһʳд߽£ҩѾˡ
ʳд򿪣ҩ
ȵȣ룡
һҩ˭ģѲǸԼȵģ
ÿնҪҩ֪ġƽֻһҩģȴҩܴҩǸԼġ
޲ʹΨһҪҩԭ򣬾Ǹոչ괲
УȻҪԼȱҩɴ۾ضҩʹļס
ȻʱӣǱôԴǾʮί
ʱѾһҩüһҩȥ
󣬴ǻմһЩҩĿȴϡ
ۿһ죬ȾͺȣУ
պҲӣѽ˸˱ҩʡԼȥҴҩ
ӣ־ȥҩȴκסˡ
⻹ǵµҩ

ҪӡšüñҩʲôҩĺܣѲϲȣ
⡭ǵҩڨڨطҩԼӵݸѡ
ûǿӣЦһΪǸҩΪǱҩ
ͻͷ˼ѽ˲µ뷨
ʮΣͰ͵ǡ
ѽһҩһҩһǲӵҩһǸӵģϹʲô
Լ˳ԼôȱҩԼʲôû˵ԲһͨԼˡ
มͷ˽ָ
ѿһۣٲԣ͸ˡ
ӣҨһιţͼԼΡ
ţһȥ˹һµڹĸѼֻСһĹĵģָ˶Щ̲ס
ڳǰûģѺͽȥһΣΪܼ˵ʿ£ֶģǵټһΡ
ƹ۵ĵ˵ڳѮûģǶ£ʶҪͣڼңʮյķ²ᡣ
ǽȥݺ´ֻҪȵڳʱȥɡ
ȥ·ϣһֱ˼һ⣬ûü˼⡣
ʲôԭ򣬽ѺȻԸԼ˯ˣ
֮ǰޱȿ϶ѾһĹĺУǶˣҲԼ
ҹȻɿˣԼ˵ˡ
뵽ҹǲľ°ͳƬ̣ǲеˣ
һ벹ҩԽԼҵ࣬Ӧ顭
˵ڳϣŷ֣еҶˣʵҲС̫Ӵһˡ
һأǰӵһһ㣬ľؿͷ
˿ʱſڴ̼ϸ˲֪յˣսñ޳˸ˡ
һȺʶĸһ𣬺ȻСλĪ̿ףȷȥ£ĸָûˣ˵ڳʱӻغܡ
ôһ˵浹мֵ˵λϰǸѵõſһֱܺãôͻȻûأ
˭˵׼أһЩڴЦԵĲۣ۹˵ֶ˵λֶοǰͷǸȥ˲£ֽ˱µ
˵ŮӲΪТֻʮյľɥɣλΪ빬ˣ
˵Цôǹ˼ڵڳݵڳģûټ˵ȥ
ע⵽Աһˣɫؿ¡
СܣλǰǸղ۵ϰս㣬ɫô
ڵ˵䣬ƲʲôȻ̧˿˹
һ㶣¶һԵ΢ЦҲͷܿŲߡ
ձͱȽ϶࣬ûкײϣڹ磬ܼ˸ǡ
ڹСգЩĽЩܲסصſϣвɷԼ
һ󣬱ãһ
ɫѾ磬һţһյ裬һߺһߵŮʰʰհȥӡ
һ£ҡͷܾͦõģ鷳İȥ
Ҫǣ˯Ѿûǿҵ뷨˸û˯һӵıҪԡ
üƬ̵ȻˣǱսκѶ

ðȡӦЩԸ
ӣûдĲԸȻЦ
ԼԵͲϧˣ
û˵ʲôֻǵȺĲһԵҵķȥ
˴ѵţСĸȥðɡ
ѵͷһֻۣǵڹĸֶҪТ

ҲҪҺۣۡ
֪˵ۣüʣյҩû𣿡
ˣǻۡʵѾ̫ˣһСѡ
úϢѶؿһΪԼĻҪʱ򣬺ȻŹ
һѰԼ󣬱˴棬˵˯ˣҲȥ˯ɣ

Ѵһȥ
ʱϵͳʾдţ
һӺķᱻݶƬʵѳᣬΪԾѡ
1.ķ˵磬ϲ鷿play
2.ԭص


44 
, һ£
ۼѾҪţŭϵͳʶס
ϵͳԽԽ, ϵͳһһ߳ܡԭԼǲǻƱϵͳ, Ѿû, Կ϶ǣ
⻹ϵͳܸɳ
鷿playǲǻÿ䣬ϵͳʱ
ͷõƤ, к£
⻹Щɬ
ſڴϿ, òסԼĻʲôӦ, ֻùű̵
һѹɤ, ϲ鷿play𣿡

ĬĬ, Լ仰(Ԩ)
Ȼ, Щֵֹصü, һɻʵ鷿ʲô
ȣһغ˵˵ǵ鷿ʱ費Ҫ㣿
֪ûĻѳƬ̣Ŀɨ, ΢΢׵пУҲǲɡ
Ǻãȥ鷿ҵ¡űӣεЦЦ
򴽣ʵк𣿡
ڶ, ʶҡͷش𣺡ûˡ
ĴԽˣؿһۣһԲȥ
֪أȻıӰеͰ͵ظоԼܾʱ
һУ˼ԼǲǾܾ̫ԣˣ
£һ¡һνס
һûлͷվԭص˵
û˵ȴЬ´ĵܹüһоһ˫޹ǵظ첲סһȵ壬£ҺȻջûŶ~
أѵĺһ£֪ؾ뵽Ľ
ǲСʵ
δѻش
ʵϣȷδ˵Ůӳҹʣҹֿ޵ԼȻ⡣
һɿתӣżҪȴƺܣ½ѽ
ϵĵͷ䶯ᣬнر۾ֻ䵽䣬ֱסݵ
ʹôΣʱһܹϣţӦ
أѵĺʶ§һףһ򴲱ȥ
ѵһͻȻѹ
ѻŶԱˤ磬Щεѣɫˣ¿ȥ˯ɣ
ѵָڴỬˣȷҪ
ܲģɫɲ̲ͣסࡣ
ҪҪһʹأ
ź˵Ǳˣ
ԼӲһ֣˷ˣڵģ
ߺ󣬽뻹óƿҪƾŸоһ㣬Ȼϴ˯¡
һҹߣڶճţֻ۵Щڣԥûѵ£ӣҪŵ㣿
ӱ˯һΣһģԺô죿

ͷζֻҹ˯š
ĿԼĴϣʶȤر͡
Ϊʲô˯ţΪֻã
ùžȥ鷿һ¸񣬵ȵ˲ҹ˵飬Ůȥ鷿
κ鷿棬ЦһԸ˲ֱͨӽȥС
гıۣɷȥκһԲɷùʳУԸһ䣬ƿŽݡ
лκϲЦտ
ݺڰǰϺڱĿ񣬲δע⵽Լ
һգŵ߹ȥʳзŵϣȻߵסѵ֡
²˭˷ܵ
Ѵǣһ£ڽʱ֪ˣֻԼ飬ûۡ
ΪԼǼװãɵƣ

ɴ۾ɫʱЩãװͰ͵ǣٲ²£
̺ɣѴ΢ЦЦ
Ҳǣݵٲ²׼군ˣ
Ҫܸܣʲôͽ̣
ѵЦֽСץסôôףӶҪˡ
ô֪˭ɿ֣סĲĹ
֣µġ
Ϊ˵ǵԼϵζȴû뵽õһʵ޻Ĵ𰸡
ǰ𰸣ʱƺͱ̺ɶ˭ʵ
ǲбĹˣ
ЦһأǱ鷿ɨӣҪǵĴ𣿡
ԭ֪ˣȻ򣬰ղŶڶ
ɨӻӵ۾Ҳܻϡ
С̫ˡ
Űţ̲סЦС¾ͻˣ²С۵ˡ
ҡҡͷѽԼϷԼһӷԱߣԼһڰǰ
ԼʳУʳд򿪵ҽг˱ۣ͵һԡ
ѹȻ⣬һһۣȻë׼
ҸīԸ£į̄Ͽʼĥ
ѿһۣУûӡ
һīī£ĵߵѵǰ׼Ѱʱ䡣
һһǻһĶ鷿ȫͬӡ
ؽط£ֻûûʲôֻ֣һŮӻࡢ㣬һѹ鷿ϣһЩٶ˵顣

Ϊʲôѵ鷿ֶ
ҸֵǣǸеΪʲôһëʣ
ڽ񷢴ʱһͳöڿʲô


45 
ûûʲôæذĻ, һµ㿴
üЦЦô, ĪǿʲôÿĶ
˲, Ͱ͵ûС
鷿￴ֶͦ˲˼, ײ͸ˡ
鷿Ϊʲôдͼûü˼
ѵַļϣὫӰ, ֮, һͷ, ģʲô
ոд, ̧ͷ㷢ԱˣŤͷһ, ȴǰ, һ鿴ĳ, ϻһĨΡ
ں棬
˭֪֮һԼŵĽ
Ϊ̫̫ˡֱ, ͷֱܲͣ¡
ѹ°ָͣ񣬡ˡ
ƫͷץסеĴͼ, ǿ򶨵ûУ¿ˡ
ٲ˵ʵҪˡѵͷͳ
ڵһӵ˾
˾鷿ӴͼϵͳĲѲᡣ
㿴ǣǲЦҡû취ֻЭ
ѡšһĿϵǱϣ۵׶˼Ȥ
ʲôܽƤô죿ѵá
ûֵֻţСԶ㣬ǵǱţҸ
̫߳ˣܲȫ
ɿæҸȥֻŵӣವһ¾ʹܵ˰ߣЩЦ
˹߹ȥ£ϾѶóб
ڰǰһۣŵǰȻȹӾܣˡ
ܵſڣ㱻һһʲô㱾һ𿴡

һгҪ
֪ܲˣԼȥڰǰǱûֵ顣
ɿƳһۣס
ѶһŮûһ˿仯˹طڶҳֻһơ
һֱû˵̲ס̧ͷ͵һۣɫȻȻͷ࣬ΪԼ˼е
ǸˣԼҩԼڵʵʵһߵĴǴβСĿû·ӣðκⷣһ٣ĵеࡣ
һϿģ²Ӧýͽͣô𣿡
û˵ؽһĴͼ꣬ϺſڵǱĶӦκŵġ
κ⣿Щ졣
ѿһЩڵᷣġ
Դκڻֵʾ£Ѿ˺üαܻͼԼܾˡ˭֪ûǱܻͼӵŵԼ鷿ҵˡ
มεЦЦŤŤҪµء
ʱˣȥʲô³ˡ
ȴסЩƣ𶯡
һܵĳԼĶ
˲ùޱȣѻһСҲˣסõġ
°ͷͷ͵͵Ӧ
ãڽΪѾƽ˵ʱ򣬺ȻԼϵǲԣ
ѧܸѣôǲӦõأڻζ
ˣŲþĽȴûбƻ󡣶Ҵյ鷿ʵ̫̫̫߳ˡ
ҡҡͷᶨؾܾ
䣬ȴѵͷԴסһݾܾģ
һ㡣׵ͷתСţư͵رóˡ
*
£űˣ鷿ãǻط괺ԺκСš
ſѵĻ۽ǻ飬æƿҵ·
һϵӼ嵽ںطϣط괺Ժ
κӦˣܿȥ
ûˣѵһڼʱס
һЩѵȭͷڴǰһ
㣬Ҵôȥһ߳ܡ
ﻬһ˿Ц⣬Լ·󣬽һѱȥ
Ͱ͵Լ߰ɣ
Ӳã˼ͰԼˤô죿
ûǿ˷˷괺Ժ
Ѿںˣūźϴ֡ɷˮ
Ƴһ۵ͷĽȥɣﲻź򡣡
ǡɷѶ£Ůȥ
ӣˮϴһ£ȻšõԱߣִز
͵͵ƳһۣЩ˼Լɡ
ȴЦһûġ
ٽѵ¶æҪǴ˴βһʮ񣬽ʱʵۻ٣ҺѶò档
ûоֹ飬˶ֻ࣬Ҫ˶һͷǡ
ǰգպʮһµӣ޶һϱõ˹
·ϣſѵĻ˸Ƿ˯һȵ˵½ҡ
飬ͷһۣӦ
˱ֿˣ̫Ѧʺ˰һ𣬵ʮһӺĸɵĵ
ûһ¹ˣĸԼ񣬼¡
СѩûгһЩˣЦʡ
ͷһЩѾҵİƴˡ
ҺһҪ¹ĵ
áӦ£һɨȻ˽
˲٣ˣֽƬһϴ
ʺ̫й񣬱һԲԼλϡ
¼ڿƲƲҲ֪ҸôģȻһѸӡ
С㣬ɱб
ô˵Ҳ¹ĸⷬ۱Ҫѵġ
ҲΪˣ˵Ѹټ£⡣
˵ŻнӣһЩɣ˵ʱʮֶ죬ܾú
λôЩ죿һ䡣
¹һۣûҲҸȥйˣСûʲôϡġ
ͷûзϡ
ֱϯʼȻһԼɡ
ϣѳȥɢײһ͵Ůûп˵ģȴɵ
ʱŮӵһŮӶ̲ס飬ࡣ
˵ɺһҰˣʵ۴ñӣ


46 
ʱ, ɺʮһˡ
ճӵĺüɫ󣬽˴̫ͻʺ, ĸﱧʮһ, Цߵ̫ǰĸ, СʮһĶô°
̫üĿ飬Ƭ̺صͷŮһ, Žʮһӵ
ǻʺ, ɽӱʺǰ, ؿһۣǸи, ͡
лʺƺûпʺĲˣĹŮ»ʺʹ, ȻŻصԼλϡ
ʱ󹬸λ׷Լ, ǵ, Ѿͳȥ̵Ǽˡ
ĿǰѦ̫˵˵ţתϡ
ҿűµʢҲ̤ʵˡѦ̫̾һ, Ǿ⺢ӣûֵĸҲûһŮպռȵۡ
Ȣãáһ˵
ڳ˶֪, ճױ㻳ˣȴΪҵĵŮʸûˡΪ£ʵ۴ѽŮĿݶժˡ
Ѧ̫ƺҲ£ɫЩΣŤͷ彭֣úӣѾ׺úýѵһ٣֪ԼˡСʮһմմ˵СӾʹˡ
ߵѦ̫ߣϥҪȴѦ̫һסضԱ
ԼԱ߼һӣȻкɰʮһӱ
ȴûнӣֻǿ˼ۣС֪ôӣŪʮһӣǣǲˡ
ţæűǡ
Ѧ̫һۣŤͷԽɫǸὲģɱƽϡ
ЦЦҡͷӺܺá
Ѧ̫̾˵̫ˣȻȻʲôƵģ˵иӹȥţغܿͻϲѶ
лл̫ͷл
ôӣ⻰ȴܸˡ
Ѧ̫ĻУ⼸ֹ˼δԽԽãҲͲųˣԱе̲ݻ
ȿȣѽµصƺϰµƣ⼸ų꣬Լӡ
ʱ򣬽ǲװ
ΪϣõˣһҲǾò֮ˡ
ϥ۵ĽػɣǲǻʲôķӣȻΪʲô۵ֻˮ㣿
ڽļ϶һЩɳƵ
̫ӹɲУ⾣СãûôСͼ˸´ξ밲˵ܸϢˡ
˵ŽĿ䣬ǹһĨЦ
ĲãҲĺã
Ѧ̫ؿһٿȻʲô¶һĨЦ⣬˵ǣԺһ̫ˣߺüĵģʹ㡣
Цɵ»ҪҲš
ΪΪѡң֦ɢҶ±͸ҪͬʲôѦ̫
ֻ˼ԸءôңͲҪͬ⣿
߼⣬ȴô˵
ҲҡȻһĸ֪ϲԺŮ̫࣬ƽźģ̡Ůҿ˵µĲ졣
ҵӹҡûбҪ
û˯֮ǰŮġ̫˼ҲС
Ϊȴ֪Ļ˶Ѿ˾ϲŮˣΪò齣Ƿ治С
㾡ȥǹ㣬ֻܽнҰңѦ̫ҲĻȵҵûоʹա
ŮʵĿ֮λΪûģԼ߿ûа취νȴӡ
Ѧ̫ɲŹûᣬҲҪн˴ȥ
̫ҡĲҡӣſ
ҪҰѵ½Ը˵ӵ
ҪܴӦòǰȽˡ
Ѧ̫ܾǰͺͻʵۻʺһ͹ˣÿһζѾܾĸɴࡣ
Ҳκ£Ź˵
Ȼˣ¾˰ɡλ¸صֿڣѦ̫ǺΪ䵭˭ģǱ⺢Ӱȥҽˡ

Ѧ̫һ۽һڶСѾͷƬϷôһĶ
ȻˣˡһĨЦԽҲΪǺã⺢ôͿˡ
ͷֻµ
Ѧ̫Ͱ͵ģ㰲ο䣬ӻֽԼλϡ
ȥ̧һָպҲڿ
룬¹Լض±˸ָ
ǸƵ˼ȴܲµ˼ɫ࣬סӣĿؿ
֮Ѧ̫ûҽ鷳򵥵һţϯʹһ̫ǡ
ſʱѾ
һϴŵľڳĿ
³˵ôȾѽ
ûۣıḧֻڣ¡
มץסָ棬Ȼ㻹ǵ쾵ԱߵĹǶŮ𣿡
ȻǵãһֱǲΪ˲ÿĶŶԼôִţһֱԼ
ش𣬽յߵҽǸŮˣɡ
һУʵȷ
ͷҼǵر
֪ˣ²Ҫ߱ˡɫ˳
ѿȷϵ˾֡
š͵͵һɫ֪ԼĲ²ˡ
ɺͱˣʵ۴ñӡ


47 
ԥƬ, ʵ£Ҫ߻𣿡
Ȼʵ۶ʮ۰ģһʵ֪Լñ, Ǩŭأ
ʵֲô, һŪ, ͱĵ¿ηˡ
ЩͷۣȷÿڣϾûƾʵݣҲһš, ҲҲס
Ƚ˲, Ǹ˭, Ȼȥ׽顣˵
Ҳ, ǳص˵ͷԴ, , ֪Ҫ׽˫
Һס, ϳɺûţǵȳԼ
ǵȻ̾£ǲɵġ
Цصͷ, еɵġ
û뵽Ӧؿˣ
š֣ͷ顣
Ȼɵʲôÿģ~
Ѵ, ȻһſԼĻļḧȻͷֶͷȥٿﲻ㡣

ַֻûǹ˵һġһ죬͵͵ѧˡ
ѧġѵһЦŲĺ״ͷȥ
ҪǵΪԼҡ
ϵͳһֱһЩݻƱ
û˵ֻǼǣðԵǿ
Ҫˡ֮󣬽ڱſ
ʱ촽ףӴ⣬ſϣЩС¹ײˡ
Цͳдԡ
һڻѦ̫Ҫʹҵ顣
¸ѣȻͷʣ»᲻ҵһ
Ƴһۣң
ЦеҾ֪½Ժá
صЪϢһ̫ȥĺɻãҪȥɺҶͺɻ
һСϿ˺ɻʮ
ȥɵҶŴ׼ԡɻɹ裬ĳԡջѡ
˶ԣûоܾǰ棬Լ˹ظС
֪ҪȥժɻһСϹϾϴ
˴߻ͷ֣¿Աߡ
Ѹ˴ԳŽĴﲻźȥɡ
ǡľһ˰¶˶Դڴϡ
ڴߣֲŪһˮѵĻͷʣ½дˣ˭ǻ
ߵԱߣһ°ԱߣľȻǱѲỮ
¾ȻỮĺ~ؾصãƨ
̫䣬Ƴһۣûд
ʣôỮ
˼Σˡ

·͵͵ؿһ󣬼ߵĺúõģûƫ뷽ҲûͣͲǰԭشȦȦһ
紵ɻ㣬˿˿ˬ˽뵽ɻ
˺룬ѽСýɺɻͺҶ
ʢĺɻܶ࣬ܿͲһɻһЩʵĺҶ
£һ仨ѡһÿĺɻü˵ʻˣӣȻһɻ
ӹȻԶΧĺɻժһ俪õĺɻת͸
лл¡ĺɻŽ͸һ䡣
ϼãʽκһƣҪҪһ㡣
ѽͷʱľûִİ׾ңҲûôˣȸѻǿԵġ
ҡҡͷÿӽ˴񣬡汾ɡ
ӦһȥȻСš
Сֻ¶ˣȴʡ
ɢعţ˫ַϣ°Ϳơ
ĶȴһˮС
գգ۾ȻֻȾû˼£ɻɣ
оᣬǷɻǿԵġ
΢΢ףԡ
ԭôӣ㲻ʲôŮӦòʲôԲġ
û뵽ǸԼһӣÿγ⣬ܽסȴڼغϺ㿨סˡ
߰˴Σͺ߰Ѿơ
ˣˡſϣͮͮأЩ롣
ѺЦؿΪһ裬ȱ裬ơ
ҡҡͷ̧ͷֱؿѡ
ţյԼһڣ׵ԱߣӷƽɵµĲϯϣԼ۸ϡ
˯һȥ
û뵽ľôȻˡ
ȴһץס֣ҡҡԴҡ
޷ֻԱߡ
ĿÿһȻ˵ѻС磬ϲϲplay

ӽסһ㱻ԼĿˮǺûж鷿ֵǴΣ֪ʲô˼
ˣȥ˵Ҫ
ȴرסĹյûУû
ϲ˵ԼûҲܵãû
ЦȻȻͷһ˫ֻʵ֣
Ĵᡣ
Ȼ˾ƣϵζţһžζѺȻԼҲˡ
ӱһ£Ȼֱ̧ס˽˿أȥ
һſ
ںڵس֯һ𣬿ɢڵϣֻ˽ٵ
ȥʱѺȻۣһƱȥſڵӱ
͸֧ɻڲϯϣСѹ۰׵Ļմϣ֪˭ף˭ۡ
СںƮţζţԶԶȥһƬҶӡ
ȵѾ˯ˣ۽ǻ顣Ѹ·Ŵܿص˰ߡ
£ǡͲɷڰߣ˱Ϊʲô¡
ްֻǺ˵ƣ˯ˡѵ
һɵĺɻ˻ȥȻ嵽˽ĻƿСںҶȥ˳
ʱѾǰҹˡ
նһ£ѱ˹ʣ𣿱˸ࡣ
ͷˡ
ȵȥţļŽڴ﷢飬
ԼͷϣȻһ±ӡ
ôϵͳء
Ѷıһߵţ˴ˡ
ˮģ߷ߡ
װ֪Ҩһ࣬͵ߡ
ԥƬ̣¡
ιһһڣܿ㽫һˡ
ԼĶӣס˻ҪȥʢѣҳԱˣ¡
ѽ£ȻһˮˮŻصϽ§ס˯


48 
գۼ͵, 컹ûһʱ򣬽ˡ
, ûһ, , Լһ
ƫͷŴӴս΢âԿѱ˯
۾ĵڴͷ, һͷ, ɨɨ, Ȼſװ˯
ƺ˯ú죬һ㶯ҲûС
һ, ûзӦ, չȥסıӡ
ܸ˰ɣ
ûзӦ, Ƭ̺ɿ, С£
ѣ˯ˡûۣԥƬַ̺ŵı档
ڴʱѺȻ, δӦʱһץס֣ѹ£ɤͳ𳳣ñ˯һ
ѹ, һȴԼƲֻĿ֨һ¡
ץס֣۵ʵ
ߵͳˣһɸ˯ѵɳƣǻԼưѹ£ֱͦͦûҶ
Ϊ糿Ӧʱ䣬ͳԹԲҶ
ɫߣһ̲ס֡
ԭ˵ԼСɫߣڿǣֻΪԸɧԶѡ
ۣڵӶɫǱʲôԲ仰ˡ

ɫƫͷû˵㡭
ţô
ҽҲΪٰ켰ӣɲٺ֣ȻͶˡ
ҽҪܶͣǲæԼΪŮˣȴҪæǰæ󣬲ܽнյĹ˲ӡ
Ҫ֣ԼջҪҪˣ
˵˭ѵͷ棬ȵرϢĲϣڵӡ
ң˵
Ҫǽ£Ųô׵в
ЦԴƺǾɵĿɰˣˡ
˸ۣûٲҪȵ˶ˣ𣿡
ΪǹҪʼУʱϵĺܼùţΪֹκҪˡ
ǿˣЦҡҡͷϷɵԭλϡ
޶һԼͷһ°ɫ´ӴӲ·ϿȥȻͷĽᣬвɷźԼ
ŮǺܿϴĶˣȥ˾ԡ£ȻͷصңӹóѱõĹڷ
ڷӣһкü㣬ֻҪȴɫ¡ɫԵಿ޻ûаơ
Ұ´ϰɡЦЩʢ

εؿһۣԼ֪ηЦȴûа취ֻſ˫Լ·
·󣬽˷ܵҰ
ôЦ𣿡ѴгΣ뾯档
Цһ£Ұ
Ѷ˶٣ֱߵͭǰ£н
иطܺЦǾǹڼӹǰҪ˫Ѿ٣ôϵסȵӹʼһʱͷù绲ڡټʱӰɫǡʱڡ
һ뵽˫Ѿٵģ;ʮֺЦոԼҲˡ
ѹԹ£ľὫôҪͷãȻΪһ˫Ѿ١
˫Ѿٺ󣬽ԭֻǾеЦֱŶӹЦ
ʵ̫Ưüĵǿź룬˫Ѿ֮󣬻ѵһƯ
Щ಻סǿŴģҪϵӣͳ˳껭ˡ
Цӣһ¡
ЦǰỨЦˣһͷҡҲЦˡ
һ̲סЦſϼЦֱЦˣ۽ȫỨͣ
ѵķͣױ絽ţֻҪһѵ̲סЦ
̲סȤ£ٻŮװǾǱһƯˡ
Ѷ޿ҧǲҹͽʶʶ
ڰ֣£
ǲų飬ҲܣҪ̫࣬Ҳܲסġ
治֪ô£ӿŲڴϵʱȴ޾
ɣװ
ͷߣҲţκ廹ʷſӭ͡
κ˺󣬹Сʱʵ۴ŻʺҲԼپ
ʱ֣һȺйʵʺκһԣ̡
һϮɫڣͷ˫Ѿ٣Ϊ˸ߴͦΣ޳񣬹ʶԵŮ
ԱߣׯϷΧУɫҲȻιֱ˺ü·维ظػѬѵɻʵΪڡ
ѣĸΪȡΪãֽΪȡ֣ȡΪ֡ʵοؿԼҵܵܣһ˿⡣
˶˵ѻʮ꣬ÿÿűʹΪԼ񱾸иӡ
һѵԽԽԽԽǣѳ¡
ۣƽػڡ
뵽ʵŤͷʮϱǸиģѶȢ㡣
ԴȢ󣬱ҲûзˣӻһһյؿҲԭǰˡ
޸£ĸϥһɬЦ
Ϲ񣬵ȴԸ̵иĲѡ
ΪϵͳôΪѵԼġ
ʵۺ룬Цŵúչ˾պΪСȡ
үǹүӶûлʵ۵ӱ㲻ᱻϡ
ջʵǰ˵Ǹ˽һŵ
պǷãӶֻǽġ
һ壬ͷл
ѿһ˱ȥš
յϯ˵ǽⶨģɳףζɿڣԵޣǻʵҲѡ
ѵЦʳܵ.̳һóӡ
¿ӣЦŵĥģڱǰ׳ˡ
ʵҡͷ̾޽ţ֪ԭŷЩղ
ûʵǶԵܵ˾ֻҪйصأۺûõġ
ٺãҲȲЩʵ۽ô˵ǳ档
ϲӣѦʺڴЦҲմ⣬Լζˡ


49 
⵹, ױθڲãòиպõĳӣֵж֮ʵ۰ڰ֡
ҲѴ͹, ǵնѵ⡣³, ŶЩ, ѹʱ϶⣬ôݡ
ദԲ϶Щ⡣˿װףɫ, Ҳ˶˺ܶ, ȢһǶôҪ
ϳҲСʮ˶ࡣκһ, ͷѾף۾Ƭ, ¶һοЦݡ
СʮϱȢĺѽ̾
ʵҲȢĺã޹Ѳû, ϶⡣
޼ǵǰЩӷö, ޻ع, Сʮϱͼ룬øղǸʹͣüһЩʹֶܱͣԵܵܵİ
ĶԭӦûʵѡ, ȻٽѦ̫Ѧʺѡʹ͸ǡλʵԼûѡȸͼö
ѦʺЦؿǣɿһ˿ã漴ָֻ糣, ȤĶвٺöʮûллϣ
лϲȴԣؾصصлȻͷһۡ
ʵ˵ƸԼռ޸ʱûʲô̫ĲǷҪ˵ĻǱȵҪÿ
ǻʵ˵ģΪϳ⣬Ľ˶࣬Ե֥ˡ
Цһ£֪ط֣һϸԱ
ôһ˵ܸоԼӡ
ڣͶѹϵģ˻ƣоȵϯνǱ
ѺľƣҲܱܿ곤沾˼Ѿˣ۾ˮˡ
ʵ뿪ʱ򣬽˽ѾõĲ׽ʵߵȻѽߡ
ߺ󣬽סѵ֣£ôЩƽ
̾һģǣ괺ԺķȥűͲˤˡ
ľãԼ֪ġû뵽ˣȴǿţͿذѱߡ
ڣ֪Ѿˡ
һС·Ժ괺ԺмıؾСʱȻסĸ첲һѣյЦ̣鰮㡣

ľѻƬ̣漴ĻЦˡ
ΪҪ˽бƳһۣʵ
ͷ˼Ƭ̣ؽ͵˵ҽİװֵģʹණ˺ܾãõ¾̡

ʱ䱻ԼͶιϰߣҿζƵѣȻúû
ȻһԷɹȥĺ˷ָܵź
ѿһۣܵءšһ
ˣǰɫġ
һ·ϣĻе࣬ߴߴ˵ͣҺѽԺãû
ص괺ԺǣŽ֣ȥ˯һ
áɵغܣȫƽʱģ
˯źѽϵ·һҳӣ¡
˯˲Ƭ̣Ȼѣ£أ

˫ֵϣһ飬ȻȻԴοûϵСһҲǿԵŮӵġ

ѽ§ҶװͰ͵˯
ſϣԴ˲䣬һĹ˯ˡ
ٴѾɽ˯Դκ֫붯Ҳһĺ
Կ飬һĶе飬ƫͷʵˣ
šش˸Ƿ
ִһۣȻŵԱߵϣŤͷҲˡ
ѣ˲緢顣
ʵûֻǺһСƾͰڣŷԼ
˵Ҫͱ𣿡ѵûΪѳЦԼ¡
ϾȻƺ˵ʮִ󵨣ҲûкôģϾڴϣҲƲء
һ΢΢½Ų
˯ѣԴЩԵɣӦƽʱ࣬Ļһ£ȥԼĻᡣ
˯ӱûÿſһ룬һƨѵϣö
̾һȻЬ´ȥԼ
Ҳ˴Լһ裬ڴµϣŽѶù
ҵȽϼ򵥣²ҪټЩߺա
ѷǱᣬһһŵطȥһһ
֮Ǳ̧ᷭ꣬ͷôȻ뵽ͱ
һֵȴϲӻϿԿ֮˶Լ۲ġ
벻ʲô£ֻðѵµò¼תһ°ɫ·ŵǰָѣ²ԣ
ѡšһ·׵ԼϣȻ붢סһֻһ̵ֻӣ˳˼
ˣ»ң´ٸûġЩ˼
ʵЩСԣ·ȴûο´ѡüƶһģֻһֻӳһֻӶ̣ûڷѾܺˡ
ˡѿԼ䣬ɢĻͦµġ

ͷݵغһ
һǼ·ȥԡ
괺ԺԱ߾иʪʪȵġﲻÿҲģҪϴһ衣
Ҳûϴ˼׼ţȥǰԺһˣš
֪ûлͷ
û뵽ϵͳʾϵͳϳһλ
ҹķȥʵѳᣬΪԾѡ
1.סķ˵磬öŶ~
2.ķ룬㹲ԡ


50 

һѵıӰ, ٿͷ壬ĬƬ̣ס, , , ҪҪҲԡһ£
뵽ϴ˵˺üͲѡһˡ
ڵڶϵͳһطأ
פ, תһ»شղѾԡˡ
ԡ˰һ˯һ, ֳ𣿡
Ѷһ, ֵ˵ʲôֱ˵, عĨǡ
µģĪǸʲô£
һ, ͷŽ, żڵתȦȦ, С͡ʵ£ҪҪһԡ
߳ܵĻ˵ĶˣҲûʲô
ѡڶѡǰѡҪѡһѡ, ܾҪԼŭѺĿ籩ˡ
˵ҪñһԡѱŹ֣ظһĻ
񿴵ģһգ߳ŭһ仰ҪҪһ𣿡
ҪǸҲӦĻ, ѡȥɵһֻҪʱҪŭԼܵսС
̾һƵߵǰƷԴϣչȥ΢üʵôϲ𣿱ȥ鷿һ񣬺ܿͻġ
ľºȻ˷գ̫ô죿
δȢǰһֱΪ޼ദͬ˵־ٰüҲӦǴҹ㣬ɬӡ
û뵽ԼȢʵ̫ЩϲԼߡ
ʱʱأ󻶡
ѵϸһ֮ɫȴòͣЩϲ
˵۵ķա

ǲǶԼЩʲô⣬Ҳֻӡ
ҪȥȥҪ˵ЩֵֹĻ˸ۡ
ǲǸղԲʲôµĶȻԼΪ̫Բģ
ҪϵͳôֻεŮˡ
ǶôҪ顣ҡҡͷ
ֻҪκȥ˵һȻȥԼٳȥ
󻶣Լܾܾ
ѿǰŮӣ񽥽ʶḧһ˿˿.
ͻȻѡһˡ
˵ȴӺȻһᣬѸԼҵķȥ
ȵȡţЩһѾҾõʲôֻǵһͬԡûб˼
ѵע£㣬
ΪĲš
ϴˮѾãΪȵգԶصݵ̫ãˮ˻
Ů綼ѾʶȤ˳ȥֻʣ޶ˡ
ѱŽߵǸ޴ԡͰԣȻЦһûӦʱ򣬽Žˮ
ʶذסĲӣһ
һ£Ӧһû·أ
Ѵǹ˹Լ·ڽֱ㶵ĿУȿԡͰ
ȽӦʱѾԼĶ档
̬ס۾һ
ģʲô̬ȻԼǰ㱼
أӲɾˡ
ԺһֱѭţȺǸ˲Լػ档
Ѽģһ§ԼĻЦЦֲûô溦ߣ
Ϊ˭һҪﲻϳ
˼Ƭ̣ЦŵС
֪˭֪ߵضԱ˵ҪĴ󱦱ǲǵã

Ҳδ̫˰ɡ
޿رۣһˮݵϴϴ
ȻҪϴġðƵͳˡ
ŵķ򣬲԰ײԡ
޳ָϣ˹ڣҪ͸ˡ

֪Լ·ǽԼ͸
ġ߳ܶȱſԡͰϣ˫ֿԡͰڣȵ壬ҧ
ˮذһصˮ
Ϊˮεĸоͬ󣬽ѻָֻ붯ˡ
ĶͷһˮվȸԼȻŽԡͰгһ޲Ӱסֽشϡ
һ˴棬ñӸסԼһ.˿..ҵ壬ؿѵҶˡ
ãȥŮšѼԲԲԼ;ЩЦ
ԼЩʲôǷסģϾ̫׾ˡ
һֱ֣ӵϣһϦҲѾ£ĺɫ١
ѳȥűӵ·ɿشϡ
ȵŽѾϵ
ЪһŮϾͰŶߵԱߣΪΪ̫æڼϵıɴ
Ƥ𪣬ʮºۼѿϺͲϵĺӡӣ˰
Լͷ¡ؿѣסԼؿڡ
áѷſΪź
һۣתҴϵ
˹ԽԽɫˣʱصط.飬⹴Լ
Űϵĺ쳱Ѿȥڴµһûһµӣú׶ѡ
̾һԼҪҪͷ˵ҲԼΪѡ
ùţѾڹˣѾڣ˴ſڴϿӡ
˭ֱֱ֪˹ֳ˳бÿ𣿡

ˣӡ
Ȼ̨ʣ̫ˣ
סԼ·䱸ҽˣҪˡ
ѳĬһ˱㣬òã
òʿˮסջӦ
Ѽ̬ɶܾͷסˡ
ϴһ£ȻưƵŪ
ڶѾͣĴѾȻˡ
߷ߵشһ´ԼĲʾ
ȻֱѸˡ
ҹһֱҹ˯Խ𴲵ʱ򣬱ûɢ˼ܣز붯
̫źűһ١ڷǰѲʵȥˣ
³ˣ㲻ˡɷ
šһûзϡ
ùţ£ľȻãŮ˶ȥĻ£׼һľȻͼ
ն˼ʣԺȴ˫Ѿٵģ
ԥƬ̣һʡ
֮󣬽ѵŮװ񣬵Цǳһ
ͬʱģһҪ취


51 
ϻĺ, ϴ˵ؾ㡣
ѾԡſڴϿᣬһݱյԼ, ؽƿ, űӵȥԡ, ˡ
ôڿʼˣЩõʵ
ҡԴȴȻ, ɵЩż
ûл, ص, ۾ִʣ𣿡
˵ţڽϲ˼, ֻë޵С̹
Щ̲סЦ, , , ҵѩСˡ
ѩСͷǿźԽ촽ڷԵòi
ѩСǱأ

ƿԴϸһ, Ȼһʵ˶٣ôأ
ѽ°͸鵽ļϣҧһϵ⣬ЦͳΪˣǱˡ

͹(ܳܳ ), ĺˡ
ıˣݺ𪣬ڷ촽ƺԵøͳˣʱʱ̵̿ɢɧ
ǰֶ˷ؾ±ƺѣǸʵʵĹ˵
ûشѩСǱأԵǺãִһ顣
һֻֻסĺ󾱣ؽһ£ǹ˵һ
ҲǣҲҵСЩܲסæܵ
ҡҡͷһĴ󱦱
ԼܺѩһĵλӦøһЩ
úúãҵĴ󱦱ԴʵϽһɫۣ֯òڵ꾹ȻںһֻСèλ
ˣ§Žϸ˵侹ȻЩζջδҪס

ԴӰ˯ˣСƵĶԼѾмһ˺
ðɣסſ첲§סĲӣһͷһװͰ͵ȥϴ裬ûУȻϲϴ˯
֪ˡѰ𪿡ϣȻ¶ίɫ
ܵףȻ׸ˣȥԡ
ⲻסѲأ°ȥ૵ǡ
˸ţӵһǵĻӳǽϣԵˡ
֮󣬽ſˮˮģһ⡣
ȥԡˡѵָǻһϧ
ȥԴЩΡ
Ѱ黹ĥĥ䡢һͷؽҡ
ɷκȥźԡɱˤˡ
治֪ǻյӣ᲻߳ŭԼڡ
ЩϧʱûеӲƷ԰ƺģ¼
Ƴһֱߵ飬Ȼû£ŵͷ£±۾˯
ҪѳԼţҪá
ԭ׼װ˯ģװװű˯ˣԡԺӦ˯˹ȥ
ѶһһȻĬĬɵϣץֱ۾
ڶսһ¾ǿѡ
ֵָֻģɾЩź
ʵƺѣɰġ
£һ壬㱻ȥˡ
һ㣬ȻЩȣƮƣһأ·Ϻһ
һñ滹һ֧ͬñϲ廨Сϵ㣬˱ظϣ±ܵ
ߵһ㣬б㿪ʼ˱꣬ͬʱ칫ŭһ㡣
ֻվ±꣬µԼѾС̾ӣׯҪˡ
ոСļڣһСҪڵˡ
ü䣬Ҳͬüͷ
ⳡ˺ܾãһʱƲŽССꡣ
ˣѽñϵСãסѵ֣üҪҪһܻȥ
ЦЦ׵Ҳá
Ǿܰɣȹӣѳ¡
ϸϸ˿ϣŤͷһѣЦ죺£ǿܡ
κ׷Ǻ棬ŵүҲźνǲġ
ԭ˶ģⳡ᲻ȴû뵽˲ǽ
£Һܡűӹڴϣһ磬ۿ졣
ѽϵҷҵº͵ԹԺҩܿͺˡ
飬Ͱ͵ҩ̫ˣɲԲѽ~
ɡᣬȴؾܾ
ҩ룬һ±űŻ£һʵģ£ǲ˲书һҲûУȴˡ
ҩԹԺ꣬㣬һɺã㷢
ǲҪˡӣûҵ⼸ղҡ
üƺЩδ˵ڵĻ˻ȥԹԺҩ
һۣιҺҩ~
ιü
˼ЦЦ㴵ҾͲÿˡ
รɻ󣺡Ϊα㲻ÿˣ
ЦΪеµ⣬ٿ࣬Ҳ𡣡

̾Ҩһҩ˴͵ߵҩ
߻ҩĲˣҲԼˡ
ɵſͣҩ˽ȥ
ҩս죬һţֵˣһһɣ̫ˡ
ѽҩݸЦЦ˵бιҩٿҲ𣿡
̾ҵ͹ҩĿྡྷκΰⶼסĿζ
εЦҩȻһ
ָ޳ЩԵĿҩſڴ溹һؽ
һΣǱ~
ⳡ纮죬ûⳡؾá
Ϊ˺üյ꣬Ȼ䣬ŮǶһ·ˣ紵Ȼֽű
ϣŵʱ䣬ѻδ鷿һĴ멣ɡҪȥ鷿
û뵽ߵ԰һö
ԶԶȥԶͤһģŮӣһ浯һ泪衣
ת࣬ն⡣
ۣŴԶԼѣƫͷ񣬡ʲôʱһλŮ
ɫ˱䣬
ǡֿͷŮܹĸ١
ü룬ӼģǷһĨЦ
ǵãԼӼ޽ڣܹΰʱ򶼴٣С㻹Ҫʲô鶼
纮δãôˣ߽ü
̧̧°ͣЦҪûгô֮
Ѻʱ˳Žķ򿴹ȥüͷšδ̫¶ǣ㲻Ҫձٸ
ס˽Ķ䣬ҪˣﶼЩ֪ܵĶɱѧˡ

һЦȻЩͬ


52 
Źֺ, ²ϲ𣿡ü֪ʵô죬רŵﵯٸ, ²ж𣿡
ģü, ˳ŽĿ⿴ȥ
һС, ΢еټпɣ̫¶ǡұδȴڱؾ֮ص٣ͼĿ, ʵǲ֪߳ܡ
ĻסܺѧЩѵͷƳһۡ
ٴǿһ, ·½ѧ

̸鳪, ﰮϷԼǰֻܳƵСеСơϵͳĵһ, ̼
Լһ
Ϊʲô, ԼᱻĴҪǴ, ҲԼˡ(*)
ò˵, Լ֪
ðȣҼסˡѴһԼӦͲɿԼ˼ֻ÷ܵص˵ͷ
ѵְ»ôණ
ʲô˼, ֻǾƺ࣬ĺܡ
Ҫͼѣ£Ҹط, һྐྵһ͡
Цһס괺Ժķߣ˾֮һѧϰ˼죬Զһ
Զһ
ıЩһѾҲ֪ǫ飬װơ
˵ټѣܹ͢ʦڡѵټпɣôټжô
ţͰԼĵ׵ɻ˳һ¶Щ
ϸ룬ѵ˽٣˵ĻԼ֪ôࡣ
Ѹţͷ١ɪݡѡȶԶһЩϲȥΪ㵯༸
ѽѽĵصͷԶͤﵯٵѾ׵Ժ
Ͼ飬һĲ졣ҪѲ⣬뾡취Ҳûõġ
֮෴б˼ԼǷҲסΪҺϷɼԼҲס
Լôȥ٣ʵ̲סɤʵҿ𣬻һֺ٣˵ǹһƬ顣

פһ£õ˼ҸûȥһٽԺ
Ȼ˼ֻЩ棬Դʮôġ
£û˵һϲŤͷȥŵһڶϱʮֻϲ
ǺؿһѣȻĿڽϣȻ˵ϣмūл䣬ūԺһúź£

Ƭ̣ܿʶǾ仰ΪԼҡ
Ťͷһۣһ˿⣬ȻŵϹŵˣҴδ˵ĻҵҲϲŮź򡣡
Цһҧū澸ղ¶˵˵
ϲ˵ôãԭΪţܻῴԼʱ䣬ŮǶ۵¶ĳ谮ٵȥ˻ڣ¾͸ˡ
Խԥã˵µıؾ֮·ϣϣܰﹻע⡣
û뵽׼һе¶ûע⵽ȫˡ
ۿţ´ͷβûпԼʱȴ鼫ᡣ
ĵӿһɲģҲ֪׷
Ҳҿ׷µĻ
ԭҲԼġ뵽ɬٵͷ
˵ʲôô˵ȥˣɬı飬ֻؿڶһ
һ죬̧εؿѣϣղŵĻٽһ顣
һŸ첲Ťͷ
ԭȼﵯ٣Ҳһܹȫλһ飬ûŵѿ׼ֱӽȥЩɣʡһ쵽СƵġ
û뵽λﻹͦ󵨵ģȻֱ׷Լﲨ
ΪǵãȻԼ
ŭüͷһ˿Ρ
С̳ӣԼһ仰û˵
飬ȴΪڶԽʾвһϲԽ
йȻԼΪԼΪ檣ڶ¶
ǲζţԼΪµŮ˺󣬵»۰۰Լ
һƬȣѵ񼸺ܵγˮǰҲñ΢ˣֻҪԼʱԼǰʲô
䣬ҪƲס۵׵˷ˡ
û뵽ѿڵ˲䣬Ļ롣
ɤͳöȴĮֻʱ˵Цˡ
Ѳ뿴ԴףŹǰ˵ģ˭ȴŮ
ܡһ˿㵣ŵҡҡͷ
ƳһûбҪƭһ޹ؽҪˡòòݲӲῴ㣿

ԭЩĽ⻰ȻһЩߡ
ǲǳۣôСô𣬿Լ˼ˡ
ˢһԼǺ죬˵߷ߵ̧ͷһᡣ
ƫѻ׼ŹõǵǷ괺ԺŮΪβǰź򣿡
ūֵŮƽڷ٣١
ټ㼸Σʡ
ҧĵȼһĨϣδټū˵Ҫū֡
Լ̲סһ䣬ΰ
ζϣ˯Ժͽȥˡ
ΪŮ̫࣬᰽չ˵ʮֺãҲ벻ˡ
ͻȻЦˣĵ޽ĸ£ȴֻΰҲҪŮ
һ̲ס飬£ū֪ˣƹūһء
Ϊ²ϲŮźЩһŮƽﲻҪźˣСѾźǡ
޽ʱǶϸȥź˷ŵΡ
ʱޱȺڡ
Ȼ˵ԼǵٵģԽȥׯϸţ١ЩţÿնҪãʵ̫࣬Ժ㸺𰲸ǡ
ۣԭػδ˵һԵĽȻЦ
Уɱİ
ţΧŮҲ׷Ц̾Լҵ·˵ֶ֮ߡ
ˣͦϲͤﵯٵģɣʱ뿪ѿ˽һۣƺ⡣
ҵĿʲôҲû˵ֻǳ˴Ĵָ
£ڷӦˮ˷ڵϿ޵ū澴ˣƹūһΡ
֪ˣ֪Ҳ׷
ûֻüκ˰ͤӣţʱܻȥ
ǡκסЦӻֽ˽
£һһ汻ȥ


53 
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ȻĺҲĴߡ
Ǹ, ĸоֻ, Ͳ, ᲻ѩʲôġ
˵ͼԼĸǲΪûá
һ, ԼǰС׼סҲ֪, Լ, 崿ɰ
ѳöУĺ˯
ùŲ, ΪЩԵʣûгɢʳ, ֱ, ﱧѩ, °ѵ١
شһ˰ƣȴƽĻ󡣶һз˾ӣĸо
, طϥϣ޳ָᲦö˳
ȽͼأһݵģӺ, ͷд߹ЧѾʼƤӴˡ
ȻܱǸʵظѣСǸԲ£ʵ̫ˣ㵯ٺòã
ڵٵѶ˶٣һ̧̧ƤӣһӦøеҵı飬Ȼ㲻ǱԽεӣȲ룬Ҳѧ㶫
ĺ˸Ƿڰֵٽҵٰɣվ͵˽ѧ
Ѽ۽ǹˮ֪ˣ󷢴ȱȻˣٽ㵯١
ԼҪţֻϽ
~һִһǷݺݵߣ˼ѩְԲԲСԴ˺ü£ذѻСèɷ硣
~ѩ뿪˺ü
ѩСҲȥ˯ѩצӣıСȻˡ
ĽѰѹٷ£Ƴһѩ򣬱Щ䡣
Щлָ°ѹãðֻСèմߡ
˵ֻһֱСèÿһʱһţĻǵ˼ȫˡ
ԭ;ãǰôϡԼѣʵǲֻСèĴڡ
ȲɷѩߣޱߵߣȻ˱
ҪʲôãȻգգۣ˫§סļԼȥϡ
ѽºһһ浭Ҫ˯𣿡

ǲǶ˯ʣʲô᣿
ڴϷ˸棬գգ۾£˵ˣҪ˯
Ҫߵ鰡쵰
ѺܿͽԼѵֻʣɫп㣬ڴ˹סϸϸĽ󣬽ͼ˹
ΪʳջϲЩ⣬İ˿鸹ˡ࿴ۣЩҪһ£ָΡ
ءҪˡ۽ǹ飬ˮأץµı죬ڴ
ȴԼ˯
ҧסϵ⣬㲻ϲ𣿡
һֱԼҪΪԼľܾСƢ
ϲţôƵ
ҪԼսϡ
ױʱ򣬽Լ۵׵ڡ
ǵãһƺԱʧסϸʵ
ͳдԣһ˵ĸоյ˽ĵס
ûûС
ʵЩΪʱ̻ۣһȵûȤ
˭룬⾹Ȼʹѷܷϣ¶оСͼΪ˽Ŀ࿴
Ҵˡ
ſϣЦ㲻бٽһ
̬
ã硭
û뵽һƺʲôֵbuffԽ
ڶ죬оԼЩĽ˸Լһ̾²ˡ
Ѽü˵ʲôؽȥǸ׼ģ㲻Ҫ

ҪʲôһŹֵؿ
̾ԹؿĵȻǷֹ鰡
ȻʧЦ͵ľ²˵һ㡣

¿ӣһСѵίʾ
֪ˡѼһӲˣü۵

Ѱ飬ùűˣ翴һ飬ʱǺѧϰѨĹ
Դϴζ繬磬ʶסǸСŮĳѣ˽½͵͵ԼѨ
ѧôãµʱ䣬Ѿѧò࣬԰ѲɷǶסˡ
ٽҼУṦҲ̽ҡѧѨĹ˶ڿ״̬
ȴҡҡͷṦҪ׿ʼѧģѧһͿˡ
ȴֻ֪ṦƮݼˣȴ֪ļѧϰṦĹˣǾԼġ
˵ڶѾСӣΪ˰ȫСΪ
ЩʧȴҲûΪ񣬶³ؼѧϰ
ȵϻһݱ㱻ţ˵ҪС
ôҪԵɺЦЦ
ôһָͷͽˡ
ûֻЦŵ£ܽƷʹӦһСҪΣ
¹ʹ˵к裬ȥ
ƺĸȤӦ£һֻ֡
л~Цܡ
֪ԼＸѿԼǾͽá
תת̸ԼʽȻѵļץ˹ȥҪˤˤ
ѾϤ뷨һ㿪֡
һգҲ٣ּʹڶУɱѷס
ֻУѶȥˡľʹ䣬ûмɵҳ
ѺһĨЦüֵˡ
䣬ץס˽֣ҽ˻
ʹ˼£Ȼ۾һת
ôˣæͷ޴ȥдһΣվŲɺã
ӣһ˿Ȼɿϵ¡
˲ͲˣһؿɫţֻǶʵǴѧģ
Ļ˳ûаˮеֻǽЦ
ҵġ
֪书ãһʼҪд裬ֻΪԼѧĵѨûȥƷ
ѲŲæǵû֡
ӵˣβͶҪ̵ȥˡ
ڴ˿̣Ĭ˺üյϵͳȻ˶ֻдţ
һӺķʳжʵѳᣬΪԾѡ
1.ķ˵磬öŶ~
2.취ķŮװһΡ

Լǰ񶯵˵ˣֿϵԼ°˳˼
ڶѡе̼


54 
Ѵָ΢΢˶, ƽؿӡ
֪Ǹױ͸˼ˡ
ǰ, һ, һЦĲ, һͷԼһۣϱЩԥ
ʮȷ֪ڴʲô⣬ֻĿǰɲ
, ܲܶ˳, С̽
Ƴһ, һ˿âˡ
˵ԥƬ, 츳ܺãҲҪСʱܶ
𣿡, ϲ
Լ, Ѩܶסһӵʱ, ԸղſϵͳʱԼԥá
Ϊʱ̫̣һûѴŮװͻָɣԼɾͲˡ
Խԥ, ٳûж
ѵĻȻ̲סĵЦ£ԵƬ, ȥø
˵ղش𣬽ȹСܽң䵹Լ·
ǵԼһʮֺÿĺ£˫Ѿٵʱ뵽·ϧ̫Լûϻ߰ë
ǸǧѷĺûᣬԼסãֻڲˡ
һξãϵͳеϵ
ܿҵ׺£Ȼڻȥ˳㻹˩˭Ҳ
ҪʲôѶﱧŵĺ£۾һ˿Σա
ϧûע⣬ڼΪѻŮװ˷У£ʵһֱиԸ
·ЦĲ⣬ҸŮֵĴͷԣÿ˫ѾٺҾ;رʺҪٻһŮװһССԸǾٺò~

û뵽װˣԼʱԼѨȴֻΪ˸һŮװ
£˵ʹͬŶ~Цϣʼ
ڣؿû˵
Щ飬µʱֶһ£ʿˮǼᶨƵؼ·
ܿϵ·ֻʣһпˣ鵭Įƺδ
ݵĸ̲סʿˮִһĸ
ӲӲģֺôġ
̧ͷѣȴͷԼǷһĨЦڿжĵӡ
Щ飬һԶ֮Լ֪Ҫĳͷ㲻ٴˣǼᶨԼĺ¸Ѵ
Ϊ˺ÿԼĶǶϣȻͰ۵
ȵѴ·Ѿ󺹣ûͣһӹվڵϼѵظ˸˫Ѿ١
ȵվѶ棬ϸԼĽʱ̲סЦ
ôһ磬˲֪ΪǸƯ°ͣصͷ
ٸĨ֬֬͸ˡ룬תҪȥ֬ˮۡ
ʱȻץסһ㵹һȵĻ
޶ȵġѴӱ§סȵĺĲϣͳдԡ
㡭ôȻܶˣʧɫͰ͵ʵ
ѵЦһ˵Ϊʼգûжס


ɴ۾ŤͷʵղŶƭҵģ
ǡѽӶѹϣû
뿴ԼʲôʱܹӦû뵽ɵһֱûз֣Ҫֵ顣
ĿĴﵽˣֵˡѽһѱ߿ҵţҡ
æϿֿصǸҴˣҰɣ
ѴǹһĨЦϴˣ
侲侲嶯ӵµϣ˸һؿܵĻᡣ
Ȼûиᣬ֮֮ˣֵסѨλ
˲㲻ܶˣӹϣɫûңͰ͵£Ҫʲô
ԭţѵƢ˵ԼܶŮװǷԼ飬ٽ죬ٻǱĲ᲻صĳͷ
û뵽̬Ȼ˼ëĥԼ
ЬӣüëЦᶼˣ޲ϴȴΪѨλ㣬Զˡ
̲סЦ
ָоܵģؿѣĵĴˣҰɣ
̧̧ƤӣջؼëӣԺٷûн˵ˡ
ͷҴˣҲˡ
㡣ѷеļëӣЦһ⿪ϵѨλ
һõţæ·סԼ¶ļּĥԼ
΢Уϵĺ³ְѽǼԼϵĶǶӵϣζ´ٸͰϵ·ҲԸһ¡
û´ˡӣסԼ½
һԼһ̧ȥˡ
Ϊ飬ʮ飬ʶһֱŹɣؾصûѡ
ֱƿϴɵ׼˯ʱԥãش˴ļС£¹ȥп裬ҴҪܻžͲˡ
üڰЩӦᰣҪȥ˶ӵĵط
֪лл¡ûзԣŤͷһ¡
˯𣿡Ťͷƴϡ
ò״󷢴ȱҹƹԼûе˼Լɲ
۾С˯ϾҪ˯ˡ
ѼˣЦһҲûʲô
⼸սʱʱĴǷԼ۵״ڣûп
Ȼˣһϸļֽ˰֣ԼҲޣûʱϢ
Ϊ˯úãڶս˸磬ţһǳţſڵ¹һȥС
ǰպ˶ҪҸȢһλΪĶ¹뽭һ⿴һ͵⼸ճ˲ٵĺˣҪСȥǼҾĺǽղġ
Ĺע㣬ȴڶҪȢΪϡ
£ĹֻĹ㲻𣿡
Ҹô۰ңŲӦӵǸҼĸһͷһˡ
û¹ôֹۣŴν߾ɱӣ޶ʵŭҪɨƽˣѦΪ׵һȴͣ佫Ҳ׷òԸʹʵ۲òӦ̸͡
κ˵ĶӺľΪ̸һ¡
ڴʱȻһԼյ
ȫһƲٻ𣬽͸ȥӭ˼ĺˣһɷر޴ա
üձײɣڵ֪ձӳУȴŭԡ
д¹ˣŭɶͣ£ִԼıӣһÿҪԼԱ߾ĺ˳˹ȥ
Ǹ˲۾۵Ĵˤȥ
󵨣Ϊ׵ĺµĲҽͷһ˫ǰ۾˹һ
²ڳԯЦǺ˵ĵ̡й涨ڼߣʮ̡ձԽ̽ǣʲôأ
˵գȥűӱΪ׵ĺ˻˹ȥ
Ǹæ㿪¹һĹƣһ촽벻ҲֲʧŮӣȢʱһʵ۽Ҫȥ
ĴȥɣŲῴ㡣ҪȢԼӿһɶģ¹Խ
ľһץסıӣЦԭԵ
ѾӦȰ˵Ͻ޸͹ԹԵż޸ѣ
һŭ⣬Ǻ˻ѬѬģҸʲŲӦ
Ȼ˵ǿӲĵҲһ̿֡һƴʱ򸸻ʶò֣ҪԼ޸ľǸʻᱻƵĲòͬ⡣
»֮±Ҳû˷ִ磬ӱľ˹ȥ
ľûзһӳ鵽ϣһѪۡ
ǣƲԳԷƣ˻һһԼ׺㲻ҲûϵֻҪ˱ˣͻԸˡ
㡭ʲô˼ǼԼĺˣ¹˼
ľһָѪЦץסϸǲԭӣĸŮӣֻҪȥ˯ˣԼˡ˵Ů࣬ôսȥʵҲֻܰ޸ˡ
붼룡¹æҪܣȴȺ˸Χסˡ
Ҽ䣬Ȼñгס֣
СȾң¹ۿһӺ
ÿĻ¶һȻԺľӣ°δҲ̫ˡ
һСˡľЦɨһ۽ֿǾǸӵҲ汾һȥһźǲӲôãƽ㲻ɣ
ľΧĺǶشЦŽĿ.ġ
ڴ˿̣ǰһűӳ弸˳˹ȥ
¹ıӲͬǶ˻Ӷʱư磬Ǽ˵ϣʹ˲俪˻
˲ҽһĺľҲ۵ķſµ֣סԼʹĺ޲ڵϴ
³ô˻ᣬæܵ
ǣŹģľӻ֣Ȼ³˹ڡ
ᰶһۣ˽ǰǲһ
¹˵ԣضŽֵ˫
һᰶŮ书ԸһľƷſڵϡ
ס֣ʲôʱһֻܻ˸˹Խ͵ǵҶԺľӶ֣ˣǴȥ


55 
񽫺ľǯס, ͷʾδˣȴԽǳ⣬ʱŭ;, ϲ𣿡
, оĻռ, Ǿ̲ס¹Ҳϲ
οңԳѫ˼ԼָƣӦǼġ
ȴ, ˽һ۵ľ˻ϵĹ, ;֪ܲǵڴð;, ҡײƭ˺ľ, ٶҪ£
ˣ˶˴ȥ˻֡
ǣһȺӿ, Χס, ס˽й̴ӡ
Ϲ۵Ĺ, ҶϲˣСҽҸժԴ¹һ˦ӣ۵ϡ
ߣ˶һۣЦˡ
ŽߵŮҪȥץ, ǳ⿪ÿԼߡ
һۣûٽٶ֣ŤͷľĵЦ, û°ɣ
ľԼ߸գһ̵Ŀ׺ؿһ۽£˦֣û£Ҫˡ
㡭¹һɣʱȴһץס֡
֮˹֣źľǶѿࡣ
ʲô¹ŤͷҧʵǸô죬С
̧ɨһܣΧΧŵظãԷתûв´֪ݵģȴװʶ˴Լˣ˳һҪʲôĿġ
Ѿȥ֪ͨСˣģֻҪʱͺá򶨵
¹ʶԾ̲ס˿Ҫʲô
Ҫʲô
һЦغľܿջĿ⣬³ȢѦķŮȫѦΣھλϡ
¹ܿĻץסص㣬Ѧ顭
ѦѦ̫׸磬ѦʺĸףڳĴŷʵ֮⣬ôҲѽͣһССľΪôĵӣװϲ
벻ѦȾȻѾ˵زȭͷû
û˵¹ڵظھ󣬿ĻŮȫѹס֪ڷ˻š
ҺṦã˶ʱĵػȺؾȥˡ
߿㣡³ƺЩż̧ͷ˿ͷ˰Ѻ
ü΢Ϊβ׼ܣͷ̫ɹˣ߲
³ɫЩͣƺ˼ʲôûн˽°Ϻľ
СˣҪǾۣľϣĿа
Դ³ɶ˵ݺ󣬺ľҲ˿ڣʸڲ϶˵ݣֻǺСˡ
֪ǱΪ飬ҲûԴ֤Լݡ
һȻͣ½ŲⲻȥõķҪȥδ
Ǿ֪ˡ³ǹһĨЦ
վû¹һ̧°͸֪߰Һµݣ˵ĶԲԣ
³΢΢һЦ彭ֵȻϻۣϧڷӦѾˡ
˵ûԼȷ֪ǵݣ֪ѦʺѦ
ǰЩӣʵ۰ѦһɵĹԱѦʮֲʶյһΪ˸ʵһ棬ΪľӴɺһ
λԭû붯ġΪҪ¹Ȼˣϵùɣ
ܻʵ۳谮˸ҵ
³ܳ谮ҲǸûʵȨĲӶѡʱʵԼĹסȥһӵĵϱأ
Զһ˵ʲô¡
ţ³ŤͷľӣѾˣãˡ
ãǹȻˬ죡ľЦȴϵ˿ڣ۵˻һ
ӻ֣°˽´վ
û˵ǣסµ̤վͷһ
ףһ
³ɲδܿ뿪ˡſڱţʵҪȵ֪ܵ¹°ߵϢ˾֪ˣһжܴͣһվĺУ˴
˱ľվؽһӡ
Сסܡ¹ľţһһžžવ
ҲãСԭΪľֻǳԼһģû뵽ȴɥĲػҪС֡
ԼҪССµġ
ҡͷο¡
ǶµģѾ·ϣֻҪס㲻¡
ľƺţ˩һƿӣǴ˿ڣץס¹ĸ첲ЦбӺú㡣
һ¡ץסĸ첲ޱ
ҪľЦǲǸ㲻㣬ѾȲˣ
ԶԶؼѣֻǵǸıŮ˻ÿĲӡ
ϧڣȻľ򴽽ǡ
ɫ䣬һ˵Ĵˣôһ
ûϵһúźġһЦˡź򡯶ֵ
ľûʶԣſ¹֣Щɽǣҡ
С¹
𼱣ˡľɫеؿŽͷ¹
û˵ңȻһŽҵϣЦؽַŵľǰϲҷ
ľʿˮҪȥӸϲ㣡
䲻ʲôɫˣıǣϸǺľδˡ
𼱡ץסľֵ֣ƳһָۣȻһ䣬ָɿ¡
ԱʲôľȻԼˣӦҪˡ
ٶȸ죬ѸĲϵ£˲ľû
˹شγһ䵶ϸһЦеղ˵㿴ҵķ
ľ񾪿֣ǰѵԼĲϣصҽС
Ȼ֪ΪʲôסѣǶסӻǿԵġСֹȻһϱһ˿ʺѪҺ
죬Ҫסһ¡ǰ䵶ƵĿ£ҵĴˣɲܹФġ
ءľ񾪿֣ͷϺˮֱ
ڴʱȻһſڵĺߴغȻźľķţƺǷʲô顣
üʶԼˡ
ҲľϻǱ䵶سͱ˹ȥ
ϲԺֻܱѹˡüȻú泩
ƽǿŮ˵ˣľԼù
洫ҽŷźȻ߿
ջ䵶ſڿȥ
ðɱһ乣滹Ѫĳſڡ
ľʹغš

ѺȻãЩ쬵ġ


56 
£ӵ䵶, ȹܹȥ˵ӵô˼Һú¡

Ѵ§Լ, Ͽ޵Щٵ, ˼ҪҪ, װѾûˣԼˡ
ĬãֻḧıƵĪ, ˡ
˺ľ, ҲӦ̫, ΪԱŻ
Ϻŵ㣬Դز˲, Сʵ£ô, ôѽ
Ѻ, ȥɱ, شʱ򣬲ûжˡ
ม̧ͷץĸ첲ãϵѪǱ˵ģδ, һ
£ôãת.ڵ۵Ĵתĺľѵ
üʵ˵
֪, ľȻ书ͷһ׳ľˣƷ
ЩҳûзѨλ
ʱҲ⣬Ѿ˱ľֵ׼׼ϴŵĶ׼ȴû뵽ľΪɫѬĶûзȻԼһ͵Ϯɹˡ
òҪ֪Լʹ˼ơ
ѿһۣƺǶϤһУֲδˣû׷ʡ
֮£ˡ
һۺľԽȥȱ
Щ棬Ѿδúľ֪ǲԼģԱԹԵӦ£̧ȥˡ
Сû°ɣճȥ¹ӭץסһûº㱧ֿЦҺû£ûС彻
֪ŵˣı£û¡
ͬʱһ䣬Ķ
ܰʲôҲƺѿⲻһ
֮߳üĿ뵭Įϴһɺ˪ƽģȻͬ
߰ɡ彭֡
áԼСַŵĴϣ¹ǻؾٻعΣ
š¹صصͷһɱӦ¡
ȹΣգǰȫĵط
ۡߵſڵʱѺȻͷһֻƷŵ۾ϣ
һʶʲô
˶ȻǲϷģôֻһ·ɱԲ󣬴˿վĲҡ
ʵûôСϾһͱ˺ľӡֱǻĸо˸еһ¶
۽޲˲СһĽëѵɨġ
¿ҪңˤˡЦ
˵ǰֻǲӣôһ̣ԼһһµţΪϸġ
ôôõˣôϲأ
ΪЦôۣɻؿһۣԾҲ¶һĨǳǳЦ⡣
¹һͰ͵С壬أ
ѿһۣƮƮ㶼ˡ

СҴˡ
֪Ϊʲôһ̺ȻãԼʾ
šüҪҲ۾𣿡
ǲǡ¹ͷҡĸ˹Ƶģæܾ
С飬Լ۾ӿٳ
ȻˣǱ߰ɣǣŽߣǺ£𿴡
֣ȻϲˣʵϻǺܹ¹ġ
û¹
ۣȴӦסۡ
ʵѾˣǰ˺üʬ壬еԴӶѾ˼ңʮֿɲ
ѼȻô͵û
վѽжԼһףֳеĻ˾
͵ſںѲδȥǶԽ᰸ߴ粽룬˭пţס𣿡
סˡͷʵҪȥģ
ѵĴͷ࣬Ҫȥ죬Թڼűá
ǵСĵ㡣ͷ
šӦ£û˵ϻǶԻ뿪ˡ
󣬺Եظо࣬ҲЩȻƺһַĸо
»ԡһɾȻ˴š
Ϊղſĳ棬˶ûθڣֻǲݲһ㣬С㲻ٳԡ
ûл±ʼĵ
һֱȵҹ¹ѾȰЪϢֻʣ½һ˻ڼš
˯ɣָʲôʱܻɷ翴ϴ˯۵˵
ҡҡͷٵȵȣҪǵ»ЪϢ
ѦѦ˵°͹ɼ̬֮񡣰ȥһգѦһһᷴ˵ġ
ֻһ鸻վ£ѦһɷҪͷϰ۰ܵܵĻʵҲΪ
Դϴηϵݿľλʵֽ˼λѦһɵĹԱѦҾЩסϵĹ򶼲
ոڵߵڰף˵Ϲ˽°ߵ
ѦٶѶ֣Ҫ
̨ϵѾ˴룬СĻڵоţһҹ紵Ӱӻζ
˸Ƿʱ򣬺Ȼ洫һŲŷű㱻ƿˡ
ɴ£һغ˽ɢųϣ۰Ͱ͵ؿԼĽһ¡
ô˯߽ʵ
ִһǷɵػش𣺡ڵȵ¡
´βҪˣ⼸ջһЩѽմѪ£Ȼ򴲱ȥ
ŵϺתȥ˾ңԡһų
ʱѾĵĽ˯ţоɵԼߣԶعĻ
ѱסĶһ£Ҳۡ
Һδ£ѦҺͺľһҲƽеŭ
͸ѦҵĻ񣬲֪ϲϲ
ѵһ˿⣬ڵûа˯⣬ڼžغҹƺ˼ʲô
¡ƺجΣرס૵غ
ѵͷɫȻ࣬ڽţ£ڡ
ƺǱֳ˯˹ȥ
峿Ѧſڡ
һҽл糿ľף˿Źſڵʬ壬ȥѦ


57 
Ѧĵճˡ
., ѦҵǰϿŵŷŵƨѦ򸾡
ģʯϻմ¶ˮ, ѦմС, ҵһ, Ҵҵſڡ
ǰĵճѦ鰧һЩ˹ȥī
ҵĶ, ˭㣡ѦĳӳϱҲϵſ, Ѧīʬ, ء
ףһҪΪī𣡡ѦĳѦʹΨһĵ, Ƿ޶˵ӣ˭ô, ȻҶī֣
Լ۰, Ѧܲ, ȴѦҪࡣ
īҹûǷ޶˲֪𣿡Ѧʵ
Ѧһ˿飬µʶѣʱȥżҹҲеġ
ԼĶ, Ѧῴ˵滰Ǽٻصһ£ǳҸīȴֲ˵ʵιī𣿡
ףӲҪġѦѦ鷢˻, æ͵ʵīɵ̫ͿӲҸ˵
һ뱯ʹī־һʱ䣬֪ؾͽʶɡ֪󣬺ݺݵؽѵһ٣ɶû뵽û
ô˵ҹǽȥˣѦ͵תһ˿ɫ
ǡѦڲѵ
ͿǺͿѦڵϵѦһš
ѦҵǸλãҪʲôŮûУȴƫƫŮˣ˶
ī£īѾûˣҪΪ𰡣ѦڵϿ޵
۰ûˣѦҲʮѹ¶һĨ׺֮⣬Ըīʬ磬Ƿ޶ҽϡ
СҶī֣Ǳ㲻ҪԼˣ
ǸӣôȻѪϴվǺ˶ץȳ¹
*
ŭѦ飬ﵽź󣬲δһֱӱУǱŵ־
Щ־ףϤġ
Ѧ飬½ټ˾£˶ذɣ־ͳ칰ֵ
أѦ鶢һɫ
ԭ־ͳǷһˡշˣһȫûмİס
־ͳ˴ŭ˱£Ѿگ
ãǺãѦȻЦˡ
ǳҪ˺ˣȻˣǾͱˡ
ȥһ˵ϷΪ˺ľһǱ²ϼңʱ˻ӱ£ΣӡѦ鵭
־ͳɫģֻǵ£˭Ҳ
ϼԼмҶ֣û뵽ҲǸŧҼԼ
ȻˣϷűʲôʱңʲôʱѦΪʮֱʹϲδ¶ֻЦ
ֻʱ򣬼ʵ۱Լ˵㡣
Ѧ˷³׼ظʱȻһĮ
Ѧ
̴ÿѦ鿴ϣһĮؿԼ
δѦ飬յ⡣۾΢Уĵ
㣡Ѧɫһ䣬ϷС㣬һҲҶ¡
Ѫϴվ㾪ԡ
ѵЦȲѦ飬컯֮£°ҡ
˵ʲôϷ򲻶Ѧ۾ѡ
΢΢һЦƳһû˵
Ѧֵ˵¹ͣմһӻѪϴվľץ
ס
Ǿ¿֪ΪһΪΪĻ£㣬ȱݣһսʱ˻ӱ£¿ܵΣѦָ
ЦһӸµͲѦˡ
֪СѦĿϷЦʲôʱ򡣡
ȫƾ£Ǻʵ۰ԼĵܵܣȺ˻ӱ£⻼֮ʣʵ۾֪νȡˡ
Ѧһ˻ظ˼ӷ顣
ףºȻ󶯸ɸ꣬Ҫ˺𣿡ѦԥƬ̺ʵ
ȵʱѦһֻһ麮ţΪĸȵ۵Ļʺ󣬲ʹѦҽ˳֮׵λá
ԭѦֻһλȨصݣۣбһϹһֻۡ
һۻӣԼǵӣҲ̫֮λԵ
֮£ѦĸòλѡڵĻϳΪֵ֧Ķ󣬲ѦҵŮ޸
ʵһֱѦҶзѦԽԽҲԽԽ㣬Իλ˼
ѦҺͻʵѾˮݵ״̬û·ˡ
ѦƳһԼĳӣЦȻԸԼҵĽɽˣЩηˡ
ȻνǸǺβû֣Ѧ̧˸ĨӵĶ
ѦƬ̣ʲô˸ùúôţ취Ǹ˶֡
ԭҪ˽ˣһͬġѪϴվľ׽ʣмɵһ
ԭļƻҪٵȵȵġɻʵյľٶҪŪѦҡ
ǣѦһ˿˷ܵĹâ
*
Ѧ뿪ûŶֱӽ˹塣
¹һ𣬿ЦضŪСèƺѾյľգ̾һ
¹ǵĶ࣬վһ飬ˣܽúʲô½Ҫ
Сʲô¹Сèʵ
ûʲôҡҡͷ
¹ȴԥƬ̣ҧʵСǲڵС壿
ǡҡͷ׼¸һĵ
ûһţ˽¹͵ԺȻԸ⼸ϾһЩ
һҹΣ˵ڶ磬Ѧ鳤û˵Ϣ
Ϣһ⣬֪ΪΣ뵽»йء
ϺȻûˣб÷ণʱʱһСܹȥ
ϣ׼˯ʱϵͳʾһ
һʱķƶҲᱻɱΪԾѡ
1.дֽ磬һղ˼Һ˯~
2.ԭص

ضϵͳϵ֣ʵǸ㲻ףƱϵͳƾʲôΪԾϵͳأ
ѵǣƾЩֵֹ
Ȼ̣ǽǷɿܵ鷿ëʷɿдһֽ취͵С
סһҪһʱ֮ܵС֣ص
ǡɫȻ


58 
Ϊ˽Űȫ׼ʱ͵, ϧ˰
ᰵ԰ҪģΪźѣӰŮ, ˳ѵĸһŮ
ϧѲҪź, ᰶҲû, ԴӲߴա
ֱ޽˱˳µسŮҰҲһֱ밵ϵϵʽǶ֪
һʱ֮, ŽС񽫰, ֣µؽŽ, סһʱ֮ڡǱҪ, ໤
Žʱ˺ü, Ҫһʱڽ͸¡
ڹ, Ѧֻ, ָʲôʱҪƹŶȻǼΪܵ飬Ҫߵ¡
ţɫ࣬, һС
ţڰУڳǵϿշɿӹʹķȥ
ҹɫס, ͥԺվƬֱ̣Ӱתݡ
ѾˡĻʱ±ɿš
ţͷˡס
һ뵽Լݣ̲ס졣ϣԼű䵽ȻͲҪˡ
˶٣̲סʵ»ûµ𣿡
룬ƶ»ûµġ
ϵͳû֣ܻҪѵİΣϵͳֺһҲˡ
ԼҵϵͳҲѹҵģڿ԰˯ˡ
¶һĨЦ⣬ôƶﶨмΪҪ顣ģūѾ߰໤

ǳ鴤ԡ໤
֪ŵô߳ܣǲ֪ô롣
ԡһݵؿŽϻ۹ˣָ񣬶ᱣƽµġ
֪ĴԼôֻεЦЦŹǷ˵Լˡ
ϵĽǿ۵׵ģ˿̼Ȼ˯⣬ǷżΪҪ£Ųɡ
*
ƻͨ뼸һʵһҪ¡
£ɵ򣬵ؿɵӪѦȵģңѾӵϢص̴ʮ򳤰ķˣԼձɵִһ佫ü
ѦˣǵԶԶѦ顣
ʵͼǰ佫˵꣬еһᡣ
ѦҲѾãǲϲҳӣûа취
ѦдȵнӹıȨУһǳʺ֮أصıȨѦһ壬ôҪųΧķա
üͷЩء
ѣʲô𣿡ʵ۵ĿԼҵܵϡ
һֱΪԼҵܵǸҪĺӡȴ벻֪䣬Ѿ󣬿Աֳˡ
ǰҪѣѾḷ̌ˡ
˼Ƭ̣ڵصҪԽȻ룬ѹ֮ǰЧ
վһ򵱹Īĵطõõǲ֮һս
´˼˸͵ֻ˭ܵ˴أ
ƤӣɫȻȥ
ɣʵʶԵ
һ򲻺ãôΣյ飬ôܽأ
һƽġɫ档
ʵҪȰȻš
£ҹѾˣͼλһӡŹŮǽһһ
Ƿ£ȳȥʵ۰ڰ֣˼Զ
ǡһѾʼȸĴ󳼣ֿһۻʵۣ˳ȥ
ʵ۱ûжֱߵĸԼԸҨһ̾㲻Ǳһݷի
ûоܾ˹ŵֱߣ
ڴʱȻһֵɻ䣬ѺȻ³ȥһˣǼ
˵գ󲽳
ʱ򣬰ֻΪѵʲô£
ĺڰԹڵϵİнӹǷţΪصһʱ֮ڣؽ͵ϡ
Ļüšŷ⡣
֣أмΪҪ顣
磬һղ˼Һ˯Ŷ

ѱ齥ùŹ֣һ˿ڡ
£ôˣʵ
ѻһʵûʲôȥܿͻŲҪˡ
һ˿ô죿
룬ӦҹδȥԼˣŻ
ȻŵݣǴ󵨱ţȵذ⡣ԥƬ̣δ˵ʲôػ
ѻصʵŸ׼ȣַʵôˣ
ЩʣоѾöˡѲ˵ԼˣרŽֻ˸Ρ
ʵ۵ȻЩȥЪţȥ㲻زġ
£ֲصġᵽ£ѼҪԼȥ
ʵȰ˵˺üΣûܸı뷨ֻεӦ¡ֻٿĿ⣬Ρ
ѼٷԣüͷչԱߵĸ׼
ս˵Լǰ׼ȵʱȴȻĸȻˡһˮɫʳɵķ֡
ж
һ̧ͷʵѾ͵ߣֹ֣ж
ʵ۵һæеĸ£ô֪
ѱǿԼףȴʱȻ֣ĸסƬ̵в̫ͻʺˣֻСһ㡣
ѵۻˣ
ûۻޱȷղȷ֡
ʵۣ֪Լĵܾܵ޵ķʸ֮ˣ뼸˽񣬻ӻֽȥ£Ȼ˴̫ҽ
£ȷжһɫζĹǡ̫ҽãԻʵ۵
ϵɫֽ̫ҽ⼸
̫ҽҡҡͷǶ죬ǸλҲˣֵġ
ǿԳƵͼӰĶҩҪǼҲУǲȻʵۺǸǼ󳼱㱩ˡ
ʵһ£̧ѵ˻֡
ѳ˳ǣЩĲɡ
ʵǸղŷ飬̫˼벻ס
Ѧģߣ˼Ƭ̺ŤͷԻʵ۹ֵ£ǽƾͼƣƭѦжΣ
ʵ۳Ƭ̣һѵǸ⡣
װԼжѦȵģٳû취
ѣȳȥ׼׼մȥкɡʵ۵
ѵͷκĵس˹ûоκˡ
صĦеţƿ˽ķţһݡ
˯ԺģȻߺˣŲ£ȻӦ۾ϲ£
۵׻һ˿Ц⣬§ôȻҪ

֪˵Ƿţʱ˵ǷţҪʬ𼣡
Ͼ˵͹ȥˣǿһֱģɲųΪԼĺʷ
˯ɣƺ֪ͼ§Ѿˣˡ


59 

ô߳ܵĶ, ΪʲôҪѾǹġ
Ĺգϣ˫ֳ, װͰ͵ʲôص, 콻
žǻ, һպЦԼô죿
ڴϣ۾صѾڱˣҲġдŵʱǺܴ󵨣ôʱ򷴶˼ˡ
Ϊҭס, ȻȻԼûа취͡
ΪԼ, û˻Щ鶼ϵͳ
һǰԼħ, һѻô죿Ҷġ
ΪʲôͳȾЩ˯⡣
ûʲôʮƣ, ԥƬ̵ûȥѣ, ҡ
ѵ, ɵĻ, ۾§סϸ
ǹŵ飬ڶѵĺ磬ԭΪԳѻδѣǷҳȴû뵽ʱ, Ѿûˡ
Ժ˼£ȻӴ۾£
ƹ߽º͵ɫ磬˯
һɫ, ﻹųһ׼ŵӡ
ĹǷһ룬ԭе۾Ȼеĳʵ£Ҫȥ
ѵЦһ£ǰһǣûлش⣬ͳдԵԹڼеȱҪš忴ȥﶼҪᰶˣҹͻ
һæסʵѦǲҪˣǲҪȥ£ӲãͺˣҪȥأ
Ȼ֪ϵͳڣ׽µġϵͳÿζǷԼģһҲ겻ô죿
΢΢ҡͷָϷ̾һѦͼλıѾ׼ΧϹѦʺѦ̫ڣ衣¿֮ûмձȥ
˵գ˼֣ԹԴڼУϻеĿѼòã
ؿĻ§סͷ˵ʵͲԲȥ𣿡
ԡԼһ˿Ρ
򴽣ƺЩԸ
Ӧ㣬֮ǰûлѧСиɺã
Ҳû˵ûǲãԥãգգ۾ʵ´һȥɣ
֣üȥ£ȥģôܴһ𣿡
սۣһô죿
ҡһƫͷٿ

ԼüģЩ޲ߣôˣûСһ
˵ֻ·˼ί
Ѷؿ֮ЭűһȥԣҪԹֻڰȫĵطܣûУ
ã֣¶һĨЦݡ
ϸɸɾأۿҲûаˮп޹غۼ
֪ղǼٿޣȴûа취һͿޣ²֣ԼۣòԼŮС
·˱Ͳˡصһ£û
~ʹסգϰһһڣȻɿӴЬҡҡͷвɷźԼ
ɷһƽﴩȹӹֱֵҪȥ׺ɫװҽմ
Ҫ𣿡ɷһʣһתȥ¹Ҫ׺ɫװ
ԣҪ͵һšԼһ򵥵ķ٣̵
ԱߵϣĻȻԼӦˣãԼûа취ͬԼһȥ
ɷ绹֪ҪȥʲôװùźϣȻ˴ţ˼򵥵һЩ׼š
ٳǰκнӹһʳУȻõԼţʡŵԡ
ʳУ˺üģʳءʳУಽظ棬Целлл¡
Ƴһû˵ҵ࣬ȥϣҪǸϣͲȥˡ
֪Ѿˣﲻ˳ڹ̣ѾĿģһҲԼеɰ
һ·СŸţѷ
֡
ֵݸȻϣһǰ
Ѳ֪óһɫĻͷϣȻӺһ˦ޣµֻҵĹһɳ۳ȥ
ؿĻԷŵ˽ֵرŻʳС
ȵǵĳź󣬽̲סʵ£ѵǽ𣿡
Ѵ˻һ·ŮӣشҪȥǺˣڻܽȥ
ͷҡظ˹ƵģɴؾܾҪһ𡣡
ε̾һ˳ǣַɳ˴ʱȻųµ
ֻһˡ
ÿɫĻ룬ͷĵؿһۣĻ뻮һطȻǣȺѵ
§ԼµԭתȦȦ̧Զӣڵʲô
Զ׵һȺƺʲôŵһ㡣
Ƭ֮󣬴ſ׵ǰϥص£Ѿã͵ָˡ
ף䣬ȴɽн顣
Ӧ£һϵĽɵôˣ
еǰүȻˣδⲻסһʿǿҪǵʿ
Ҳ֪һ㣬ͷСѵɽɣҾС
Ҫ粽룬ҪһЩԼҲܰġ
ѳúҪܣ½лѰ
šصͷ
ǸȭȻ˵Ρ
ѱŽĻ棬ЩʲôҲû˵ֻһӻȻɽ
ߺ󣬽㱧ǺӵʯͷϣԼ˵
ûгǺӵģֻĵطȥĵĸ
˰･һСѻһȺ˷ɢڽΧİȫ
Ľ಻֪еĽļϣһ磬ǰĻ
ڴʱһġءԣƺԼ
һۣ񣺡ǲǵĽ
ؿΧüɽĵ㣬ɽмʮӦòܵ
ڴʱһХβǸղֿŰ֮ơ
Ȼһֻϻһֻϻ̳ʳˡ
һ°γ˵׷վؿΧ⻢ХʮֽϻѾһˡ
~ڴʱǵؽǸˣΧеġ
һɵغ㣬𣿡
Ľص㣬ΧСϻ̶ˣʲôʱУ˸о
أСϻĽͻȻԱߵĹľԶƬ̺һֻҹҲʮԵС׻˳˹
æҪȥҲ˽ǰýָС׻
С׻ͣһ˫ԲĴ۾ţ͸ȺŽȻίؽһ
һųС׻лǷ½Լ˵߳׵ϳС׻֣㣬
С׻˷ܵٵأβͳ嵽ǰ߲ȥһһؽš
ˣ
С׻˷ܣһѱḧôﰡҶ챧ˣҿȺûС
С׻ܹԣԼǵԼһ顣
СϻһֽлһιСϻ˷ܵس⣬ͶһԿţʱʱԲԲԴ
⣬СϻԱߵĹľȴһͳĺХڰһ˫۾ضŽ
޶ŵĸоǲϼһѵ˵սľ
һС׻Դƨɵˣ߰~
أС׻뿪ڽȱ߲ȥתȦȦ
ûа취СС׻˵趢أϽȥɣ
оԼһչնͯ˷ӣ׻ʱҧԼĲӡ
С׻ԴڽʲôΪںԼҲؽȻ׷ԼβתȦȦ
ڴʱϸɿ֦ȶϵһֻ;޴İ׻ӹľ˳һ˫ӽضŽԽĽӲ
ǿֻ׻ʿˮЩΪְ𣬻ǼᶨƵػ˽ǰ
𣡡׻һ춯ɽ֣ų
ľȲطǻֽлÿ
Ϊܸо׻ƺû˺Լ˼ĿС׻ϣƺС׻
ԥƬ̣һᰣÿһԡ
ǰӵסȷǰ׻ȻϮʱ˿һס׻һ˷ɿ콫ԭء
û뵽׻ֻƳһۣȻŵߵǰŴ͵סС׻ĺ󾱣Ȼתȥ
أС׻һȴŽķﲻͣؽš
ģư׻˲ɢһ
ȻһЦᰶ˼׻ԶȥһҲȻЦ֮׻ͨԡС׻ȥôãܼǵ
Ȼ񣬾׻˺ơͳ̾
Ҳ֪ԼôôС׻ϲͺǸߵèһ
ֲ̧˲ǵ亹Ժֳ︡׻ǸĮɾú¡
ڶ磬ڳŵʱС׻һֻƨƨߵ˹ŵǰȻĽһ
лл㡣С׻Դһ̧׻ȻڲԶؿС׻
һԶһС׻ˣҪ԰׻ӵѹ۵ķա
С׻һϵͳʾȻһֳ˿еĿհϡ
ʱķᱻвζҲᱻɱΪԾѡ
1.ɽķϲ㣡
2.ԭص

²ϵͳ񣬽̧ͷһͷȥһɽʮҪ顣
ô˵ŽҪȥҵ£
ûĻ´˿ѾŴ˽ˣʱȥҵµĻӦϾ˼
šûн;ԭ
ѸŮȻôʱɽףȴΥֻô˸ϡ
һСſС׻ҲԼŤͷһְۣ׻Ҳ̵ظš

سС׻£û߰ɣ
С׻ûһܵǰ濪·һΧŽת˵໽С
ʱȣϰ׻ҲûзԣС׻
*
Ѵڰɽ˺ܾãȵ̴Ŵ󣬱˽ǰ׼õʯȥ̵ɱ
ɱãŷƺзɽϲ֪ʱһӹ֣ͣǷż
Ҳй֣ԶԶȶĶ࣬ǵ̫٣ֻһ롣
ΪռʱĲ¡
ѴɱʱȻ˼꣬ʸ˹
ȫѪϵѪڵţɫ䣬侲š
ɾڴ˿̣֪ӺδȻһ֧
Զɫһ䣬ŭ£Сģ
ಣһƿŤͷֱֱ֧سԼǰ˹
ڴʱȻɽ˽ĺϲ㣡
ֱֱ֧زؿڡ
£ܾȫɱһѪ·ɿرߡ
ڿѻѪԭزʱĿѡ
䱯ʹ֮ʱȻɫ΢䣬Ϣһ䣬еĳ˳ȥ
ë𣬸ܵһǿҵɱæڵϴһܿͷһһŴ󵶵ĵоţĲһѳ
һ̧ͷѣ£û£
üͷֺȻԼǰ֧˳
ֻ֧ļͷײʲôӲĶϣײѾΡ
һۣһ˿ȣɿ񣬼ɱС
룬ųһʼɱС
㣬ڴ˿̣
ۿȥɽʲô
һһֻɫСϻȻɽϳսһֻ;޴ϻҲо˹ȥ
̱С׻˸⧲ϹὣҪȥС׻ȴһХŤͷһһֻ׻Ѫڳҧ˹
һҽ̵ĽʿǿǵĽʬ׷ּңһֻ׻ҧˡ
ɽϵĽһĻ׾ˡ
룬ֱҵо죬ɱ˾ͺˡС׻ȥ׼ȷҧסһоģˡ
̧ͷȻϵͳϲ֪ʱ˼֡
ɣС׻İһΡ
ôҲУ
ɴ۾ضϵͳ塣ҲĿŵذףôƲŵҲԣ
ΪȺףܿɱɢӡ
ȥ׷ЩбܽʱԥƬ̣⿪ԼĿףؿڴóһڵ̶⡣
̶滹еǳǳӡӣʲôҪȴûгɹ

̧ɽӣ
ûǴĻ̶Ӧǽ˸׼ĳʳ
Լʮȷ֮ǰû̶⡣


60 
, û°ɣκŽɱһϵѪۣɫš
û˵, Ŀĵǿ̶, ɻ󲻽⡣СС̶, һܵס֧ģ
κ˳ѵĿ⣬Ǹ̶⡣
Ƕ𣿡촽Ƭ̺ʵ
ѻ, ޱƳһ, ˺һ½, ǿ̶ŽԼĻ
κһ, ȻԼĿģæŵʵûūŸղ, ˼
˵, ǰһҪȥѵ·
üס, ¡
ôأ£ūſκۿ֧ŵģ·ϻһԱ߶Ѫ
ֲΡΡģƺҪ޳
ΧĽʿҲĬؿ, 鰧ˣЩ˿ʼĨ
Ӳõʱ򣬻ǻȥӪæѵʿżǽЩʿѵľ, ǵĽƽ
ղмһĻΧ˶ˣĿѣ޲֮
£ͼסĩѾȥоҽˡʿǷ׷׽ڵϣ鱯ʹ

ͷ̾һԼ·¶˾ݵţⲻǱѪ
ֻȻմѪۣȷûмˣֻǳǳĽˣ˿ڴѪҺƺѾˡ
κɴ۾ŵؿţ֮˵ؿ챣ӣҺõû¡
̫ˣû£ڽʿϷ׷¶һĨЦݡ
ľɽཻҵɱɽֵĻХһΧƣ¶һĨЦ⣬תĿͶɽ
ĨɫӰվԼķ
ת֪ڿԼַŵߴ£ģͳ壡
ɽصǹɱ뻢ХϷ׷¶Ц⡣
ʲɱ䣬ǱֱȵıףЩҲ̲ס졣
һȺûгףָĽʿӿһĽҲȢϱźȿͷ
£ڽأд󵨵ʿ
ƳǸںڵʿһۣŽķִɻ
ΪͻȻɽֺԼһǿ̶⾿ʲôϵ
ѻղŵΣʱԼ㿪ֻؿԼšһ̣о֧ҪԼ
鷢ˣ㱼оƺʲôסԼĿڡ
Ƕֵʱʱ򡣼Ϻ̶ֵ⣬ò飬ϵ
̫Զѵı飬ȻҲ֪ѾԼ
֣ȻֿС׻սȥԼİ׻ҧˡ
Ǻԣֻҧźµĵоʿ
׻ƺڽС׻ԣ˺üȻԱ߿С׻
С׻һţһʿҧ˹ȥȴʿڵض㿪棬̲סΪС׻㣬ģͳ壡

Ϥκ;ߵĽʿ̿ͷЦ
ѵɫڣһɽվŵˣûʲôֻκȥ˵Ľʿ̧˸ȥ׷ˡ
ȻˣͬĻĶӣղŴʱطˡ
ǣЦ⣬Ӧ
ɽ·ɱսһҺļʱҪһ̣ѱҪɥˡ
ȽϺǣղ֧ѣΪû¶һϵͳôȵأ
ҪʤˡͳҲ棬̲ס¶һĨ΢Ц
̧̧°͵ǵȻҲǼҵô䡣

һۣС仰ճºôġ
ǵҲ֪θ롣
ŤͷGһʵ𣿡
Сͷһһֲ
۾Цּ·սûٳѡ
һȥ׷ˣС׻ƺ⵱һϷԼѧ
ɽķܴ󣬴졣һŤͷ߰ɣȥǡ
ǡӦ£ǰ濪·
һۣĽʿǳ࣬µɽԺ󣬻ǱԷȥ̧˵Ľʿǻæ˿ڡ
һֱæڣԶɱŽСֱ˲ͷĺգȻ洫һ˻
ǵǻˣκ⾪ϲ
ҽҽЩʱȻһ
κСܳȥһֺۣܿ۷ÿӴҽȥϵˡ
ſڵľҽҩƿʱӣСŸκȥˡǰĽʿ˿ڣκĻҪվҪȥѣǰȴȻһڣˤϡ
Աߵһѷסеû°ɣū澽оҽ
ڰ֣û£̫ͻȻԴЩΡȰǼҳȥôˡ
Ӧ£תҴȥ
СųӣԶԶر㿴һȺΧѣӵŽԱߵӡΪ̫࣬ѵľ
԰ϵͳѾˣ˵Ӧòˡ
첽߹ȥ۵ȫǵǡſڵĽʿǿæÿ·Ϊӡ
һȥһȺ˶ΧڴǰһȻҹȥ
ʱ˿æӴǰÿݼ
ѿڼªĴϣ̧ͷ˹ȥһվſڣ΢΢һôˡ
ĽǶʶȤĳȥˣֻʣһΪϴ˿ڵľҽ
߹ȥǰûܰæĵطûзǡ
¶һεЦɫЩ԰ף˼
มһǵѪģ˿ڣʵôܵˡ
ϵͳô£Լ񣬻ˡ
֪ŵ
۵ؿ¶ϰǵصˣСС˿ڡ
̾սϵۣЩһЩСˡ
ԭ̶飬뻹ûʡ
û˵Ⱦҽɾ˿ڣҩ˳ȥ󣬲ʵ𣿡
һȻʧЦҡͷشۡ
̧һۣˮ⣬ƭˣôۣܲô˿ڡ
һûҩղžҽҩʱ۵Ķͷðһ亹
ʵһۡˣƳһ۵ܸǾͲˡ
̧һۣյǰ˼֣ûдаףҪ𣿡
һ㶣漴¶һĨЦݣ֮á
ѧԼ°͵ģ°ͣСز˿ڣȻȥ
ʱֻǳֹٺ˵ĺ㽥Žǡ
ǺᣬҲʮ棬ǶԴʲô䱦һ㡣
Ѱ̾һƽ϶Ƶ⣬һ˫ÿķ侹繣СϷ
ڶǵѷ֮ʱؿںȻӿһɶģ͵ۣȻƫͷŻ

ѿĵģζһζӳ£¶˻ı顣


61 
ĬĬ, ڵﲻ𣿡
һϲԼҪףԾΪԼԭ򣬲ŻȻŻġ
ûû, ǰǰ˿, ЩϰߡָŻ, űû˼˵ϵѪζЩء
ˣڴ϶ãűӣĶһ˿, ȵˮ
һյɱ, Ѫζ뺹ζһ, ȷЩš
Ӳ˲ǣæȥԼһˮ, ¹ȥθˡ
ղֶĵĸо, ڻ¡״˽ǵʱ, һʼǺϲ, ܵġ
Բ𰡵£Լҹ˿⣬ֺˮθˡһǸΣϿֿǸ
˵ʲô, ԼҲ֪ղŷȷᡣҪԼʱȻθŻ£ԼһΪԼˡ
ѼɼһһɤЩƵﱾһˮ
ղһ˲, ʶǲԼˣԲŶĵŻ¡
ܿͷӦôϲԼԼһӦòԭ
θѾܶˣ˸ɾıӣѵһˮȥűЩειȰɣ
ѴһۣͷιԼƣһˮ
ձͿͣǺصؿףɽɱһաִȥ׷̵ĶӣֱողŻһûкˮ
һƤ֪ûнʣָһˮι
ıˮҡͷʾԼˡ
ȥоҽҩԡȺˮ󣬿ڴ
乻㹻ˮıˮˮģղǰѡɫ԰ףüһɲ֮һص˽ż޸ʱģ
ˣû¡ܾ
ɲþҽԼΪҽζҪǳҩ
Ե㣬ƢѱۣüͷļҪһֻӬ
֪˿ڿʼˣЩȴΪֻ÷ѾˣǴܣٽоҽòã
ѵĿɰ׵ϣε̾һ΢΢ͬˡ
±۾˯һ˯˾Ͳˡ۵ֻܽ˯
ѡšһķԼ£˺ÿķۡ
谵ſڴ߿һŽȥˮԼذա
Լ˿ۣ˯ü̾һüϸָⴥĵĺ룬̲סһ¡
û˯ãܿ˹ǡý񰾵Ұ˼˿ˣְһһӵι
θƺõӣԵҰҽɽϿģ˳ֲժһ㡣ļ˿ǵԼ׽Ұͳֻһ⣬¿ɱԡ
С׻͸кܶ࣬ȥ˵ĽʿȥˣֻֻҰѡ
һ£翴һĻһ۽ʵֻ׻㲻ǷŹɽô֡Ա߸ŵֻ׻ĸף
ʱɽָӰ׻ˣһһСֻ׻ҲԽ͡
ƮƮɽּʹ֮Ϊ󡣽Ī̶⵲סһ䣬ǰղյĪֵʾƺйأȴҲϵ
Ѿãܴû˽
֪˼ҨһιҹС׻˵ȻĹյƳһЩᣬҵС׻ȴǵġ
ϵͳԼϵͳʵϸѵϵͳ
һ֪Ϊηᣬ㣬ǰ׻Ҳǡ
һС׻ŲָӵģϵͳΪ˸ңŽС׻ȥæġ
˵С׻洫һĽȥëС׻ƨƨߵ˽
˵֣س˵ȥ
˱ˣȳȥȥϴ衣Բ䣬Ȼƨɰȥ
ûι극أûʱС׻ˣ
ءС׻ſϣֻצӸסԼԴ
֪ٿޣҡҡͷˣȥϴɾԼ֣ι
ѳ극Ҳķ˽ţȴѾС׻ӰˣƿӳȥҹɫԶԶؼС׻Դ׻躬ŵߵӱߣȻ˽ȥ
ϽˮȻЦ
ѱӱȽˣҽ˵зȵķգҹｭĴš
˰ҹȻ
ӺվƸ£ֽǰŵҩ˽ιȥȵڶϣա
֮Ѳ׼򵥵Щţκʰɽ
ΪˣԻһܣ̧µɽ
ɽɽǣ󣬽Ҳÿ׼ȥ
أһҹδС׻ɽһԲ۾ﺬˮ
ۣԴϣ̧һ۾Զİ׻裬Сȥɵ㣬ڵ㡣
ȻҲ᲻С׻ȴ֪С׻վɽֵģܸߡ
ɱôˣ͸ƯߣһϵƤô죿ԺҪ裬߶ˣûУ
С׻һա
£֪ʲôҲûȥȹǣֻؿ
ϣƿӵˣպǡ
˵С׻عɽ֮ǿûôü档
ûٿС׻
ʻС׻ȻʳãǺ档
ÿȥСϻƨƨߵظš
ôɵģĨĨ۾һֱС׻ֱ׻׷ߡ
̾Ʒͷ˿ۣܱ㣬ˡ
Դû˵ַֻԼԱߣز˲䡣
Ѹָϵʪüͷû˵ʲô
ô˶ƸУҹԼˣżЩ˳С׻𣬸ֱӿ޵Ȱס
ԼǵãйسʱС׻ʱûпޣֻЩȻ
ȥѩСˡ
ѩҵСҵĴ󱦱Ҷϲ

ʣǱأ
̧һۣˮ󣬡ֲѩɰ
аɣѴ˿ޱңղûнС׻һ顣
һ·ͳʱ򣬺Ȼ˳
һŪ˾ʧ룬æӵӣˮˮ
ôˣǵ
µθˮˣڹ󣬺ȻӦʲôƵģ̧ͷؿѣߵƭӣ
ᡭỳ˰ɣ


62 
ƭӣһ
ַŵԼС, ʮĻѸԼʱеġ
ڸ˱ҩǸ, Լʱ뻳СԭΪᶯŭ, ȴֻƬ̺Լ, ӵҩҲԼС
ĻҲûе顣
һԼµʱ䣬ѾաһֱŻ£СҲԲ, Щ֢״һ֤Լпܻˡ
ʱ, ѵǿ, 㲻ǡ˵Ҳỳе𣿡
УѴס
ţ첽ȥ, ԴȥԺ
øϽ̫ҽźԼûлС
ѻ, ʶվȥ׷, ȴնһ, 㳶ϵ˿ڣ۵ü
£ٸҲܲ˼ԼӰκһסϲݣȥ
˵, ѿ첽
ͷһߵ괺ԺŮ׷Сػ㣬Ҫˤ˶Сô죿
԰ͬ, ɲԭԡһ뵽ջŵһȥɽˣԼҪļˡ
ҺͶС£

ʲôСӣ˵ǸŮأֹ
ǡ׷ԣ䵽ƽ̹СϵСҲãФ㡣
СҲʱȻǸС
ڵﺬᣬҲͣЩټ
񿴵ģһӾˣŤŤʲôֲÿ
˵һһСӣ΢ڴһ¡
С϶ʮƯԼ
Цһ£ԵÿҲûϵֻҪһɰá

Сһڣ˵ҳ󣿡
ΪҲԼòĴԾÿɰ
ȻҡͷʧЦȻǡ
һԼдƽˡ
ˣΣǣסµȥ
ݺ󣬽ϣŮˮغţ̲סѵ㣬˵Ҳỳеġ
Ҳ޹ġ
ǵģֱƢӦ
ģҲ޴ɷֻƵſϡ
Ѷ˶٣ֵ㲻Ϊ𣿡
ⲻ벻⣬µ⡣Ⱳӵĸ׵ʵֹԼһӣܹĸͻԼһһԼʱѪ
Խʵͦӵģڵ֪Լк󣬵һӦǲӡ
ǣֻǺ¡С
̾ϵķ˿غ£̫ҽԺ฾ʥ֣Ụ㰲ȵġ
ۡ
ô죿ѽַŵǰʱ۵ʱ򣬾ҧòãǾһӡ
ץסĸ첲ءһװҪҧȴƳ۾գҲգº͵ؿһҲûҪڵ˼
ˣȻҧ㡣ɿͣһ£ȻַŵϣԼĵš
Ժĺܿ죬Ϊ嵽Уһ·񱼵
żΪѳ£һ·Сܵ괺ԺݵʱЩ
룬һ㿴ѺúõһҲûзļ
£Ժˡ幰ֵ
ףԺΪź
Ժһһӵڽ棬һһԭǸǸ尡´ʮ֮£ҪˣһϹͷɾˡ
Ц˼ˡ
ԺаڰæңȻ󶨶Ϊ
ʱЩãֺ࣬Щ
̲סѯʵԺУҾôˣ
Ժ̧˽һۣƳ٣һֱŻ£
ǡͷ
ͶˡԺֵǻӦѪ㣬䣬Ѫµģ¹Ϊҩͺˡ
Ӧ𣿡κ̲סʵ
Ժؿһۣ漴ʲô͵ʱϲƣ֢״Ҳƣ¹ٿȷǻ

һ˿ڣлԺУͷҵŮȥҿҩ
̫ˣȻûлУֻǵѪ㣿Ѿҿѵıˣ¿ʧɫ
ڵ֪ԼûлʱȻЩССʧ䣬һ
ûоͺãڻл̫ˡ
Ҳ֪ѵϲϲԼԼҲ֪˲⣬ϲж٣ͻеĻ̫ˡ
Ժߺκ˶ʶȤ˳ȥֻʣ½Ѷˡ
ﰲƬ̣Ȼһ̾漴һƷŵԴϣղŲǲôֲˣ
̧գգ㲻ʧ𣿡
ѵʧڡ
ûУղΪʱȻʮ־ϲֵ֪δʱҲ޶ʧĸо
̾סԼö˰
¿϶ֵ֪ˡ
ѿĶ䣬ȻЦЦͳдԡ
һܺãǰÿһεƽʾӺܽûѪļ󡣶ҲԵú˯úãôͻͻȻѪأ
۾֪ΪκȻ뵽ξѵϡ
ڴʱϵͳʾȻƾճֵ϶һ֣ռ򵥴ֱķͬ澹ȻһС֡
Ǳزٵһ£зܹʹĽ
ʱΪķѵ϶࣬ŻʹؾţֻҪȷͲ~

ضǰ壬ܾԼƺ֪ࡣ
ѾٷְȷϵͳӦǽȼƻ
ţϵͳһ󡰵εΡϵֱ
һӺͷĺǵķΪԾѡ
1.ķ˵磬ҿȥԼ
2.ԭص

һԭѾǵǸԼˣڵӸֻɫϵ.
ڿʲôѵȻ
̧üԼ
ڷŵ
üͷȻšţϸһƺЩš


63 
˵ʵ, ȻѾϰϵͳĻƱ̲ס
ϵͳǲǣ̫ɥĲЩ
, ϵ˿, ·߲, ɽǱõ̧ģôӲ
ʲôȥԼԼҪȥ˿ϾҪѿ
ޱ, ϵͳ, ԲһٶطЩû޵
Լ׸ô˵, ʹѲأ
ɫǲܸɫģѵ˺֮ǰ, ܸɫģȻԵԼôļ͡
ƺ, 뱾һʱ, ƺһ˵
һ, ֵô
´ҪעЩϵͳʱ취һ
û뵽ѻΪϴε񣬶Լɡ
һǵĴȻ¶š
𣿡Ƴһۡ
ǵġصͷ, ɷµ
ѹɣ׼Źűˮƺǲ𣬡ǰЩ, ˸׼Ǻи𣿿ɻϿζ
Ծ˿죬㶻شˣζ
ⲻͨôȻѪѵԼ佱
·ʲôĽܵǰһȥ
лл׼ĸ㡣ֻ֮ص¡
Щָ׹ĵطӦӦԼ˼
ЩЦԼ̽ȴƶԴȫȻ֪ΪԼġ
̶ó𣿡
̶⣿ͷһ£ش壬ͦóԵġ

Լ˵ˣһ̶ζ˵ӦǶԴ²֪ġôƾճ̶ֵ⣬ô£
ѷ˼ؿŽ
񿴵ĪţԼĸ첲Сʲôôо쬵ġ
¡ջĿ⣬
มûа·ϣſϣʼ˼ε
Ƴһۣû˵ʲô
˼ãƳѵΣȻ۾һ̧ͷָζѵ磬ҿȥԼ
ţ˳ָķ򣬿ԼΣЩõôͻȻҪˣ
Ҫ⻰էһôô᣿
ûлɣһѡ
˼ؿȻЦһôʲô
ûѽЦһ
Ϊ˿ڻ۵ԭüһֱţ۾Ҳš
ԣϣԽмİԴ˹ȥʲôѽ
ѿϣֹס°ͣ٬ûǴĻÿκʱ򣬶Ļ죬Ҫռıˡ

ΪԭüۼһĨƮƮЩˡ
ûС
ѵЦֺȻҿԼָĹ°ϻպζٺһ磬б

ǲҪ˰ȣÿΪϵͳ񣬺ʱһĳ嶯
бƺ˵Ļ졣
С硣
ԡ
źѸ󣬽̵ղΪеʱ򣬻С裬֪ûУˡǣˣ
Ϊˣźͽ˵һЩ񲻼ãнԼȥЪˡ
˯ź󣬽ɫ԰׵ģ̾һԡһҳ·ȥ˳
ʵҲܲȻҲ.̲ĺóֻƽʱȽ³ѡ
ˣӿ࣬רĪˣ³Ͷι
һܽһڼӼ⡢ײԼ֭ϺȲˡΪˣóһЩʳ׼Ƭࡣ
극˺Ҳʱ䣬Ѹպȥһһ·ϴɾ֣Ůѷ˶˵ǰԼһһӵιš
յķ˲ǳģѳڣȻʵ
ó𣿡һ١
Ǹ㡣ҡҡͷ
ЦĵϲҿԾ
áѵЦ벻⾹³ҡ
̧̧°ͣ¼ȻеңǾͶһ㣬ϵⲹ
ǺòװЩĺࡣ
ѿʵ㣬Сӷʷʵ𣿡

һţĹĵͲ˵𣿡
˵Ůֱ֣޿⣬̫ˣ
Ļ˼Ƭ̵ָкܺãϲ
ɴؿ
ˣ㿪ЦˡѺ´ᱻãе۵ԼԴǱŮӣһҲ֡
ȻЩ죬ߵ𣿡
ġӺЦ
ԭˡ
ЦεҡҡͷƢĿ쵫ȥҲ죬ôú塣ǿɰһͿ
Ϊ³ѱƽնһ뷹ʹýɾ͸հųȥѾ²ؿʼĥŸʲôˡ
~ѩղű߲ȥ̽ԼĻʹ˼ڣȻЩȻ´лĻҴȥĴ硱
ѩ͵㶼ǰɫģѩԼ;е磬ѩСˡ
ʱУȺţ壬һſԼ˯ĵ㣬еŵķΧȫͬ
ڵѦӳϢЩ
ѦҹŶŮҹӣŽֲԣǰȥ׷ȴǽˡţҲûܿ
Ѧ̫Ѧʺأʡ
ɫȻǻڹС
ҹ¶ʧܺ˽Ѧ̫ѦʺڹСΪ¶֮ѣȻ֪˹оаǧ
ûвѦȴ˰ֱᱻֲ
°ʣ»ôѦ̫Ѧʺ󰡣
Ͼôʵ۶ʮֳ谮Լ̫ӣûΪѦѪѦʺô̫ӵĴʮΡ
˸һشȴŮ£̫ӵˡ
˵ܲ٣ܲٵ
һۣѩ˽ϵ̵ȶʰߡ
С壬СС̫ӽʱۿЩ졣
Цһ£֪лҪ˵ض˵˵ȥŮ衣
лСС̫ӹ
ȥС̫ߵѴߣ˵Լ⣬ȴɫʮֲ԰ףɵĵС壬𣿡
Ƴһۣ£һСˣ¡
Ҫ빬Ϊĸ𣿡С̫ӼԼƣֱС̫Ŀġ
С̫֪ҲС壬ĸңΪӣֻ󸸻ĸһɸûӦʣֻСæ
֪ĸҪɱĸʣӿ
ʲôС̫Ǻ죬Ҳ֪Щ֪Ҳ
̾һ࣬㲻Щ޹أҲҪԹ㸸ʡ
Ѧʺ󡭡ЦһҲĸס


64 
С˵ʲôС̫һ
ѿ, ĿЩ񣬡ЩԭǸ㸸ʸģöԡȻ뱾æ, 㲻ò, ֻĸ
ĸ㸸ʵԭʺ, Ѧϡƽƽ˵Щκ˵顣
ʲʲôС̫ӺһŵؿѣΪԼˡ
Ȼ˶ΪѦʺǻʵ۵ԭ, ʵϲڻʵۻδϻʵ֮ǰ, ƽʱ, Ȣϣɪ, ٰü
ǸˮŮӣʱѱʵ۴, 㱻չ˹һʱ䡣
ϧλ֮, Ѧҿ˻ʵ, ʵҲȨ֮ѡѦ
ʱŮѦʺó֮λ
ʵɺܳ谮ȥѦʺԺӴ࣬Ѧʺ, ѦһʩѹҪûʵ۽
ʵȻİ֮ȥ취Ȼ˳ǽıԺżȥһۣѦʺƭ˹ȥ
Ѧʺͬʱ, ʵ۱ûӵС̫ӱѦʺ
ѵĻС̫һ˿ãȻʵһأ
ˡ
ΪΣС̫ʡ
ѦϷĸף㸸ʲڱԺ˴Ժ󣬵ĸ׵潫Ǹˤˡѵһ˿
أС̫ӵһ۰Ͱ͵ʵ
û֣֪ʵԼĸĸѦܹ࣬ʱֳ˿ͷһֱáѦֵԺһûаȥˡ
ȥˣС̫۽һﺬᣬƺǶҪ
Ҳ֪СΪβңΪʲôڻҪңһ㱯˵ϢҪڴߡ
̾Ĵߵı죬Լǰº࣬㸸ΪãѦ֪ܣ㻤סˡ
ʵ۵ĺӺܶ࣬ǹеļҲ˸⣬ֻȻһ޲ֵģֻС̫Ӻˡ
ƽµڣҪ鹦ĸײܹܹĸפر߽Ĵ󽫾۰ԼŮܹ˲ٻ书ŮϲܹƢ𱬣ƽѦʺìܣʵ۶мϡ࣬ʹƽ
С̫ʵһֱ֪ѦҲʷͼ˫֮Ĺϵȴ޼¡
ΪǶݵģϾԼδľѦʲôԼңǲԼΪѵġ
ȴû뵽ѦҸûй˼̫ӣԼҲѦʺĺӡ
С壬ƭҵǲǣһ䵽ѵϣС̫Ӵͷ
ţô۰ԼѦʺԼĸףǼӺĸ׵֡
ѴһҴӲ˵ٻ
С̫뿪ʱѾǰʱˡȻյ˴ꡣ
ѵıҴܵ£ӭײһʧǵС̫ӡ
ˣ̫ӵ²ͣٻع¶һĨº͵Ц
С̧̫һۣۿͮͮأҡҡͷˡ
ɳƣһʧǵģֱ߽ͦͦĻС
ģһæɡ׷ȥȻæݡ
£̫ôˣҸղŽݿһʧǣƺʲô¡ѻбŵ£üǲǵ̫ˣ̫ӵ¸׿ˡ
ƮƮƳһۣڵأ
ûɡˣҽ׷ȥɡӦøճǵԺӡߵߣҲߣգգôˣ̫ӳ𣿡
ҡͷûʲôֻ˵һЩ¡
มһû׷ʲô飬ֻǳע⣬ɿͷ࣬̾ǵ±𲻿ˣŪҶЩˡ
Ƴһ֣۵²Ϊ
ɵصͷ
ʮϲԼԴȴӲԼȥԴǹ˫ꡣ
Ӧˣ´λ͵ϮܳɹһһΡ
ɫˣҸ»ҩɣһ۴ҹɫѾ٣תȥҩվƵ
ؽϵı¶ɫѾ˿ڣմһЩ׾ƣ˿á
۲ۣ£ݺύ˿ڣ۵ظ˴
Ѵüͷ㻺ָ̧ȥƽüĵޣȻ»ա
Ѿôˡһ»ɿ˼¡
޿̣ûҵš
Ǹģʿɶֹ
ջ֣һ
ҩţвɷ˱ϣѵһ㱧ͷߡ
ȥģź֪ط֣ƺϲԼһ˯
ͷѹϵ˿ڣЩ˯
ջѻԼȴϾܾؼռԼӡ
˯һֱãֻҪԼ˯һԼĻҪֻצһ§סϸ
֪ԼĻϰߣֲԼݣֻȥ˯ˡ
ͺͱһ˯⡣šü
ҡͷһԵ㣬㣬Ȼϵ˺òˡ
˵㱧ͷһȻ첽ңĵذŹˡ
ѩҽ~ź˵
~èɰƺڳ

ģȻһֶؿչļįУô˾籾
Ͻ°èߣȥ̲סȥ˵ġ
*
乬УºһδΡ
Ѧʺڸɲ̵Ĵϣϵ·ʪӲȴƽһҲûоŵģ
֨ѽһķźȻƿˡ
̹£ѦϾ档
šʵ䵭Ѧʺ۽޲һ£ȻЦһ
Ļʺ֮λֻҪĶ̫ӣͲ
ŵʵ۸ߴӰѦʺǰޱ̫ı˴뱲ӣǶû뵽ѦҪĸλã޵Ļλ
Ѧ̫ԼʵۣѦʺ̫ӵʵۣѦԼʵۡ
һӣǿЦ
ѦʺǺǵЦһάԼׯģΪʵ۵Ļ
Щ֪⼸ҲŭԹԲڻʵǰ¶ʹ࣬ﳩ졣
ʵ۶ؿ죬Ȼ˳ǵô꣬Ϊ誱ˡ
˾誣Ѧʺһ㶣Ȼ̧ô꣬㾹ȻǸˣ
ʵɫһ䣬һ˹ȥ誵ܽеģ
Ѧʺˤϣ̧ͷʱһ⣬ôûа檣
Ҳ䣿ʵĮ
Ǻǡʺ¶һĨЦݣһΣҲڽ¡
ҲǰģԼ졣ϧǷݰ⣬ںĲ¼бĥˡ
侲׼޹˼̫ӣԲɱ𣿡ʵۺȻЦһ
ϧҪʧˣ̫ǲΪɱĸġ
ʲôѦʺһȻʶʲôɫ仰ʲô˼
ʵۿ޻Ҫл㻤޺Ͱ誵ĺôꡣ
ں˵ѦʺȻסԼԴһҵĶӣǸ˵ģ
ǰ誵ĺӣĺѾˤˡʵĮ
ǵģģѦʺȻǸĶ죬ֽǸӾȻˤ˵ϡ
ģļ䣬ȻһӾ
Ӥޣ˾誳˹ȥźӣĿʮָӣȾǸӣڵġ
Լôشأ
ѦʺǵԼֺ˲źãôأ
ڣںˡ
ѦʺؾԼ˫֣·ֿ˵ǸӣԼһһޡȻڱѪû
ּһȻһѱסԼԱߵͷޣĸ
ʵĮؿת˳ȥ


65 
Ѧҳӳ, һаµ꣬ʱ, ϻһҶĺɻл, ҶҲݻơ .
֪, ȵȥˡ
ᱡɴȹ, ޲ͳȹ, ƺѷҪȥɽϿҶ
ˮˢߵĲֹҶгϷ
ʣˬ, ˼ҶЯҴڳ, ͳ
ѳճ, ȸͬҡ, ϳ, һ·С׷
£ˡκͷһ£ͷڳ
¡һ, ѵļ, ʵκں˵أ
ᡣѹ, 
Ӻİڣһƥõһ㣬̧۾Ҫһְֻ˫ַһֻסۡ
ʵöõҲû
Դ˺, ᶨذᵽȥ˯ͬ齶ߣԼ⼸Ѿࡣ
ɡ˵ӡ۽ǴһĨۣ滹һˮˮˮġ
һſĴƵɷ羰
ѹϣȵĺĲϣģ̲סһ²ӡ
½͹£ŵһɵܰ㣬ͷһ¡
Ǳ׳ˮ⣬촽΢ףɫӲһҲϡ
ղ˼£оĳӲԼѻ޲磬ƼyѡͲ
һ쵽·һѣƽԼĺ
ݰ𪣬òģ١
ϧ֪ձ죬ͷһԼ½һСֹޡ
Ҫ估ʱǲǾҪyˣ
Ƴһۣβһ˵ң㹴űҪ𣿡

һ죬Щ˵
Լﹴˣֻ컹ûףչȥһ¡Դ󷢣Լ׵ȶˡ
֣ԼŵϣصҶŵû궼Щˣͺ³ͻȻƿ¶һĻ
ڻȸ״˵Լ̫ˡ
ƳһۣһԼͷ·һǵ**ѬġҲֳϣҲ±˷֡
ѵ·ѾãҲָƽۿڳϣƫͷЦкο£ڸз۲ʱĺ𣿡

ͲܲҪЩʷ𣿵Ǽ·һȺüû˵Լڹ
죡װͰ͵
Цһͷã˵ˡ
ڶ˵ļ϶˶˵ĳ⣬ϲ£Ҳȥ⿴Ҷ𣿡
ÿӣһۣɫƽոպ£ߣ˳㿴Ҷ
Ҳڣʶһ棬ȴֻһɫȹǡ
Ѳɫصסߣû˯ãڲ㲻кˡ
ʵϵĳ컹δȥһ֪ղŷʲôԽֻſļװ˯Ӧ˵
รһתĿѵϻȻȭڴЦ²֪ûչӣ
ߵǱߣմһǳǳĿ֬һ۾ܲµղŷʲô
Ƥһƣ䴫ʹ治ɫԼµ˵ʲô˼Ϸǵû¶գΪɷ羰üĽ

䱧ȭʰ·ˡ
û뵽²ĶŵϹŰ£Ȼ˵ɧ˴һ
׷ԭʵ£ǵҲȥ⿴ҶĻһҲý㡣ڿǲˡ̾һ
ڵԼǸӡ
˵»ɵºⶼˣôǵһճף
䲻⣬ѹֱƵ뿪ˣȻһɼȸС
صҵĳԣɰȥȻƵĸףǲҲøȢˡ
һ㶣ϲĸվͣ࿴һ
Ȼ֪ԼҶôͻȻϣ˵ԼȢϱˣһ¡
ߺ󣬽ѵıһߵ㲻ҵĵ£ҵĵ²ûûƤ㻹Ǹֵĵ£
ղĻ˶αˡ
ѻͷסָƺǱĳƺȡõȻЦô죬ƺֻˡ
ĹգһۣȻŤͷƿӣſڳ磬ٴѡ
紵ϣյͨһЩҲЩ
ѿϸıӰһЦ
ڳķɽͣʱѾָ糣Լȹڣûʲô׵ˣѵ
棬֡
̧һϮ۵˧һվǽַȥ
Ҵȥõطϵ£ѵֻǰߣһЦеɽɽһ⽵ģζرãҺþûˣ¸һȥ
ԼֵסΧײˣ潭һ𴩹ӵȺ
㾭𣿡ŽԽԽƫƧʵ
һһشҲ㾭Ҽĸˮ㣬ǣֶݷ𲻸ȤŲɷ罫ɽתˡ
ôƫƧ̯Ӷҵҵ̯ӣ˸ĵط£ü
ǵȻ۳Ӳ˲ǰӣŤͷ⽣һ˿ģһǧġ
ϣܿ㽫˵⽶
GѽСȻϳ˽һѵóһʱû⣬ԭǼˡ
üԣˡ
ĿΣ޵ĺã
ҲáЩС⡣
Ҳ¶һĨЦӺᡣ
˵˼仰˿ˣ˵һ䣬æȥкˡ
ʱССӺȻһЩϤϲ⽡
ӵһ٣ʶ̧һѡ
˵վЯҲ˷ɽ֪ûԵܹϡеһ
ͺˡϧţۣҲͲΪְ֮·ˡһ
GˣҼǵ뾣йԼ㲻ȥҾæǾĻֵġ
ⲻסǵϤ
кβ׵ģǸӣҲ֪ܻ졣˵ȥ˾ǻܾ鸴ȼءָЦ
ӣ̧ѵɫҪɱһ㡣


66 
ȻǸô, ԼĺܻԼµǾȻɱˡ
ѻ᲻֪Լ޸, һԭԼǶмŮԭ
İ, ͷҿѵı, ֻȻǸϽ졣
ͷʲô
ûûʲô
ûʲôΪβҿЦһ̧ͷ
ԹԵ̧ͷεЦЦ£Ǻ˵, ҺȻ֮, Ȼظòã
ȻȺʲô, Ѽȥ֪ǺЩʲôأ
Ȼ, ȴȰѰסǡ
ã˵ͦõġƮƮؿһ, еĿصطŵϡ

Ľ, ҲȰʲô, Ȼѵӣӻй
ԼӼ޸ԼΪǰδΪʲôԭֻҪǸ˶
ֻ, Ȼִ֪磬ֹ֪ѲҪټ˵ȥˡ
ԸΥûֹ˼˳˵Ļȥ
ԹңϴԼҼ, ȻԼˣȴȻɬ
ȴʲôˣô˵Ҫ
б°һ٣ӵιһӵߴңﺬˣñΪԼ塣
G㲻صǣò˲ţ֪жٹǣοǱͶһľأŮͺˡ
ЦּҼǵõԺʱλ;ŮͶǣ⻹֤⣿
Ȼ˵ǣ㲻صǡҺȻһΪıߣʱ⾣أ΢һЦ
ȵʱֵָˣǧҪǲǡǸȻѹ
Ȼģܻԭ£ȻǶˡȻм
ΪǷ㣬Ի̯˺٣ϽֻˡһԶǵĻȻǲŸôĿŵ˵Щ
ˣ˵ĺò뾣²£ôƯĹֵҲ÷
ǸȻЦô˵Ҳó˵ζҲ֪ǰݸ߹ŮӣڴǲҲͨŮһ̲ס󻶡
Ȼһû֮ޣýԼĲңǰ;Ҫ
ϧ̫ңݲˣʹûгɡ
Ѧ̫һ£Һδüʳɻ飬Լǰ̶ҪӰ졣
Լû˻ԼôԼ϶ġ
Ǿ͵õֽ˺ò֪ˡһҲЦǰڴҲǸJǹͷпá
˵ĻԽ˵Խһŭеӡžһˤڵһվ
ȻʲôҲû˵Ϸɹȥ˸ʲôȻȻһ󰧺
ҵ۾
һѣŤͷȥֻǸȻԼ۾ڵ۵Ĵ
۾ָУһĨѪ
Ǻˣڹ컯֮£֪֪ǶǱնĽʿȻԱߵӿѣ˵˵
ʵ̫ˣʱʣǸ˦һ
ɱˣԱߵ˿ŵþ
ʿ˹ḧϲڵĻҳס߹ȥӸµҲ䣿
Ϣؿ£ǽδģ
㡭ɫִ࣬ȴȻԱȻΡΡ£
ͨһ˵ϡ
˵ʲôȻؿ
£ղŶºˡȻûӣǹڵϻֵ̿
ʶ£ǹ컯֮뽭ôܣоǱ־Եĺ룬Ļܲ²ǰ֮˵ݣ
Ȼ־£һ仰û˵Ѿŵһ亹
Ҳͨһ򵽵ϣæĵһʱͷˡ
ˣôͻȻ·С̯ԶǵĻ뵽Լղ˵ĻӺ޲õιȥ
ǰ治Ļôƹӿһɾ
ңԲѷ첻ҪҲաޱ
ˣһʮ
ǣڲԶκӦ£ӻ֣߹ȥҿ
Ȼһ˿ţæ
һסȻһƺھ顣
۽޲˲ûϢˡ
ȻƽʱżʱǺܺµġ
ãԼӦñ̬ǣҪȻʲô˽ô죿
һСѵ£ɲȷſң
Ϣһһֱߡ
֪ˣѸٷӦʮ·ģҲҪ飬ȥģ
ѶؿһۣȻɿ֡
Ȼ۵һĨϣ
ûᣬõɺԼߵȻԱߣȻһ۵Ȼͷϡ
֮Ѹٺ˼Ȼǰҽ飿ҿϴθĽѵ㾹ŪǷǣ˵ЩԻ
Ҳ򿴿ԼҼҵ±㳤úÿһٱƷһٱѧʶһٱҾϹۣҲܿ㡣治֪ţԼҼҵ㡣
ԽԽ𾢶ߵǰʹţôˣ͸ϽƲϵͷңĴȥ
ǽ첻ᣬҶ벻㵱ҽʮӡؿȻ׼ʮӣһлȥûġЩӣʩؤҲʩֵòȻαӡ
Ķԣ֪ˣòãϴĶ࣬ȻλѾѪǻһ½һµŶ⡣
üë֣žͶġ
ôϹۣ˰ƿأԽǿˣԽпִж
Ȼ˵ѺȻڵסͣ졣
ǡκⱧȭӦ¡
ûٿˣסϸһ䣺ظ
G㡣ȹĸϣСؿһĲ
û˵һ·ĬصǰȻԼҲ˽ȥ
ظĮ
ðӣ̲סС£֪Ҳ£òã
йԼʵ
ǡͷҪ͡
ĻʵӼùͶ
ǡʵʵͷ
ѿϣ֮Լȥ棬Ҳȥ
˸ճʱһһ磬еʮȣ˵һЩ¶ǵĻòԼԭЩǼٵġ
ͷǣҡ
ؽˣشĻ۾

һۣɥشԴԹԵز˵ˡ
ĵѹάһ·ϣֱصƿ³ȥ
ͷɥظһ˴Сϱģ
һǰһ˷괺ԺںŮǴҳһ¡
ȥ̤ţһߣһ
һ㶣ĬĬתߡ
ˡ
Ҫȥʲô˼
תһõؿԼŵǵҳȥ𣿡
üǽŮȥ
มʶԼ⣬ڵؽݣŮȻĵذŹϡ
ֻʣˣһӰؿ£Ųߣֺõس˳£Ĵˣ˺òá
ѴƳһۣȻȥҪÿıֲǣ
һ±ơ
һ߿ҵţ˾ֱߵǰȻŵϣȥھͿĳˡ

Ͱ͵ס.á
ʲô򣿰һС˵ӦòȻŭԼñӣȻԼķ䣬Ӵ˲ϼԼȻ檣ԼԴ׵
ǿôоǹСݣƼplay
ûʲôõġİ
˵ż˾ˣͲ뱾ˣ
ͷûôȻǸˣ
һһɵɱڣ
Ҫôбڡһ
ǸСӣôȻ͸ðԵүľ籾ˣһҲҲ϶ű˵ģҲ̫ԼϷ˰ɣ
޿̣һѹסѵĲӣѹ£ݺݵһɱң
˵գϣ˫ֺҵس½ݵȥ
һ§סϸ
û˵ֻͷ··ȴżЦ£ǽĶɡ
üۼǷ顣
ѺƵá
ӦҲ˫ְһȻžһƴĸ첲ϣŭҶһ·ˣΪʲôҽͣ
ΪԼǰԵү𣿻ҲҲڵˣ
ֻ˵һ飬ҲϲȻǸˣףֶŮ쳤ؾãԶһ𣡡
ƨŲŲ˸λ£ؿ𣿡
ƺһƵˡ
ߣһϷξԭˣ´Ҫ˽ͣҾͲˡ
Լϵ·˴ͷֵԼúŷ˼˼Ҫȥɢˡ
ò磬ԳȥҶȴ˸ˣһ
һתߣָҵţһ𣬽һȵϸ˽§ס
ڿɲߡϵ
㡭ӲҶ
벻ԻͦġһȻߡ
ſңſңˡ
ѽ˷ŵϣƳһԼ¾ĳЦŵܡ
ʶ˳Ŀ⿴ȥʱǸ˸棬ߵס۾
Ĺߺܺãǰûȫĳ
˹ؽ⿪·Ȼ˸˷ŵ棬Լ𣿡

ˣ
Լһߵȥ


67 
ʱ, ߻谵һζ
޶һڷ̵شӴ, Ťͷһϵλ, ֲûˡ
ɷ硭ɤЩɳ, ӣҡҡͷĽ塣
ɷܿʹӲ̧ͷ΢, ūѾպˮ, Ҫԡ𣿡
˳ŵ³, µ¿Ҳ˭֪û, ֳˡ˪ƺǶ˸λ, Ҳҳһ, ˵
ûиų, ֪֮䷢ʲôֻɵ°ǸϳȥʧģΪǡ
ʱﲢûž˺¡ΪѺʱ, ȴŭ
񣬺µһŭ֮¶֣ȥ
ȻﴫĿһ, ҪΪ飬ʱסԼ
˵µĺ¡΢
˺һŷӦ﷢ʲô飬Ҳߺ
۵·Ļǻᱻƽ뵽ղŵ³ʱһˬģɷ̾
ȸҵˮȣɤЩſڴߣ¶ĸ첲滹żĨĺ⡣
ΪԭѽҪĸݣȻоҲȴɤӶˡ
ɷӦ£תȥˮȻŽŮǰˮ̧ȽˮѱӽӹŵһߣȻ¹·ūź¡
ʶһԼϵĺۼ΢ˣ·ŵԼ
ǡɷ֪ںߡ
ڴϣȻòɷȥ˾ԡ
ĸƵģԡͰ˺þòžõõ⡣ȴӾĺ˵أˮˮ 
ȥˣŹеĶӣµ£۾Ůͷʵ
̫ӰѾƵͥԺм䣬չڰϣʾʱѾˡ
ŬԼȥղŵĻƣŮǰֳһģ
°ʱǰˣ˵ҹһЩصȡɷش
Щ⣬Լճյʱ䣬Լȥ⿴ҶȻҶûɣӦҲûʲôҪҪæİ
аȣ֪ˡ̾ȹµֻʶߡ
ɷҺö˴šգգͰ͵
ǰҪ⽣ͳһڣȫ۵Ȼͷȥˡ˵Ǵ϶磬м仹ĳʮ˶Ѿǰˡ
ɷһЦ𼱣Ѿȥˣˡ
ţ֪ûţǰг׼ˣˣȴûжԡ
һȵ˰ѷ˶룬ŵòŶ԰ɢʳ
ʳ̫Ѿ£ˬˣѧһ书һֻݼ򵥳˸裬ѵµϿ𻰱
ɸ²ã㱻ӵѵ죬¶һεЦŽ򿪡
~ԲѩӴ̨ؽһȻŵߵǰ׼ѵڰϵĻϡ
С߿ץסֻǰצȻ󿿵ϼ顣
ǰˣѩţһĹʹ˺࣬˯ʮ
ﰲ֪˶ã洫Ů̧ͷŷֻʣСأɫѾˡ
»ˣ飬ѩµأԹûеĻвɷȥ˵һó㷹˶
ѿһۣӵˣ
ǾûԹˡ
ɷ磬ȥ˵һг㷹ѩ
ūȥɷ罫߿£ȥҳ衣
Ը꣬۾صϣ
Ƭ̣ŷѻվſڣ̧ɻô
һϮۣ֯ͷɫڣſڲ˵ֻޱؿԼ
Ƭ̣̽㻹Ϊ
ǰɣԼѾôˣһôãȻԼ
ҡͷ粽߽ǰͷʲŽִһŻ¡
ʲô£һԵչĹģֻ̰ԵС
㲻˵ϣȻԶһ𣿱һ˹ָǶ˴ͻ顣İƺڴɫ
ܵĿ⣬˸ۣЩε͸ȻǸ˶УǲġҶ˵˶ٴˣһҲϲˡ
ԾͱҳԷɴ˺òã
ҺȻĻҸĸ֮ý֮ԡҵǶº󣬲ŸߵҡѩСצӣСһЩ֪Լ£ͱˡ
վͰ˸ȥ

ֻǿЦĺòã͸ȻⲻЩ
ô㲻⣿ѿ
æҡͷЩ˲⡣
ûϵȥպׯϵٵˡ¶һĨЦ§
һ£ѩŵԼϣֱסϸԽԽˡ
ѵʣϲ𣿡
ţصͷץֻԺôҳԷɴˣٲҽ͵ĻҾҪˡ
¶Ц⣬ԹӦ£ãġ
ʵԼղ˵ԻϣҲǲ˵ģԼԴˡ
ֳ˵Ĺ볯Ϊ١ɫ
Ϊ˹ҪԻȡְȻˣԼͰǵϣǸܸʲô
ʵ»᲻᲻˰
Ͼʵ۰Լĵܵܣϵ͢Աã˭֪᲻¼ѡ
Դ۾ᣬֻһ޹ؽҪС¡
ǾͺáͷԥƬֵ̺ǲҺȻйԼ
Щ˻ЩһһֱӦ
һ˵ͷǡ
ԴƵģû뵽Ҳַǳˡ
׼ȷ˵ǣȻйԼȴ֪ϧ㣬˻顣
ɰȴûб˺úöԴ
ѵöʮָлȻŻ¡
ԼҲȢ


68 
ķҶû, Էľջˣм̾ջΪʵ۽вܹ, ;ա
Ѧıһ, Ļ̻, ΨѦҾ㹥ɱӡ
䲻ڴˣҲǰһۣԼЩ˱ҵĶŵ, Լ, Ψ˻ʵ۵ۡ
ȻѦ, ʮ֣ڻʵ۵ĸ󻼡˴εԼʤ, ͷŵǰѵûˣʵ۵黹㲻
˴ͻ, һΪ˰ҺͰ, ǻʵҲףһ¡
°ڵ, ̾һ˵ܵñ۰ͻ磬ֳû鷳
ȻԼֱʣӸɵĺ, ܾһ¼ǵԼͷϡ
ڰǰд֣պдһ֣Էëʵǰ᰸𣿽ʱֻǴ粽룬ҪŵС
ϵΪѣҡм
ϸָ, Ƴһۣջˮ
Ѵһ̣üͲͷˣ
ĸңһӣ׬ˡӵһԣǰ߿ĵԵܲܲҪʱˡ
Ƴһۣһֽŵϣ˼ֻϸЩëʣһīһγԣ
ѵΪҸȻһɰ²ŽҸ·ͺɰģԴǵָʱǸ㲻
ǱƵֽʡ
ֱЦҸɰͺ·߷Ůɣ
֪ô֪ԼȻ˸ɰġ䲻ؿڣԼһ·һֻɰ
Լ˺ܾãûΪʲô͵͵κ⣬֪ȥһͬ͸ȻʮҪ˻
Ů챾һ㣬ֻܼ򵥵ɰ֮ģ·ػΧ֮ˡ
ǵǰԼһ£һӳһӶ̡ΪٽԼ·ˣ˭֪Ȼһ̼ȻҽԼ·
ҡͷЦ̧ͷϲʱȡ

ӣݵײɣˣСһʱȡ
شռڣ֪ģôҪһ飿
Ҳҵֶ˺üˣҲۡԼװ۵ָԼϵۡ
һ٣Ҳ֪ûЭǾͲ·ˣǺɰӵ
һЬӺѣֻʣºɰС˵æͷ·ģ֤á
ȻŮ첻ǺܺõģǺɰǺܺģһʱ䣬ͰѺɰˡ
ɰȽϼؾɫʯɫģֻһСèʲôûУĺܿ졣
£ɰ~ԼĺɰƵĴյԱߡ
G⻭ң߽ŷ֣֪ʲôʱԼĻѾˣͲ½ǵϻδϺˡ
ֻһֻʣպϸȹɫ£պÿԼĻû˲
Ȼ˵Լֻ⻭ģϸʴ۲ĺϸĻҲԼ˫·й۾
лл£ҺϲԼٺٵЦ
û˵̵ϣȻһԵһ֣һƤӣĿ䵽еĺɰ档
Ϊֻèͼü
һ֪ĵ԰Ҳ֪ҪʲôպÿѩſھͰˡ
̫ˡ
һɣ˵ʲô
˵ֻè̫ˡнӹɰ
ԭ˵Լĺɰ󣬽һ
ѩĺƯǸˣ̫ˡӣһ

ģеĺɰ̾˿
ֻҪֻèڣԼԶֻԼǲģԼȴиѩ
գǲܹȥԷͻӡ
յˬŹǷţ
һſѵļϣĸ첲£˯һط˽ҡ
ѡšһϣ
ߵһ룬Ȼ͵ͣ͵Աߵ˹ȥҺۼֿ죬ʱֻסԴ
£ôˣѣ۾ʵ
û£˯ޱƿӿһۣļ
£˲ɣȻĺѣȻǫ
ԭΪյʮƾѾˣȴû뵽ֶԶֹڴˣǰո˹ּȻǫ˲ɵۡ
ԭǶĩβΪûǮûƣոȻϣܿȻнҲԼıһݲ¡
˭֪Ȼ͵ˣȻҲûָ
ԭ׼Ѱ·ȴżȻ֪Ȼ˽ĵŮ뾣ϵǳŹĶȻȥҾպŶ˵İѱǲԼ
˭֪ùɲɵرײ
ȻԼ۾ʹ£񺮴ʮ꣬Ϊ˽𣬱˲Ĺ
ǰ£Ȼ˽顭ǫû˵꣬㱻ıԴ
ܻ͵ȥĮ
£ǫ˻ߵǶӦˣȻ˽˵ȥͲܷŹ𣿡
ۣȻضڰܻԼˣӷ
ǫסǵֹ˵Щ󵼰գڹĨԼ
˭˭ôԼ
ѽ§ԼĻԹԴ
һۣŵ˵ͷ
ӣȻ˹ߵǫȻǰ
ûпڣֻǾؿŶˡ
һεѹڶϣǫԴ󱳳һ亹
˭ģĮȻ
ȻûˣԼҪġ
ǡЦһһļϣ˵ʵļɾûô׷Źˡ
ȻڵϷ˸Ǳſڵϣҧֵѵں𣿾ñӣȻҲ̵ȥ
һţΪ˵û취𣿡
֮˸ôҲ𣿡
ǫһ˿ţ񲻶˵ʲô


69 
ĮȻ, ſڵϵˣ翴һֻһ㣬˵⼸պȻһʺ, ˸ס, Ѱ¥
Ѱ¥ǫһ㶡
Ӹ߱, ˵Ѱ¥㡣ԭţȴˡֵǸӣ
񣬲ȥѰ¥롭ǫҪףδ˵㱻Ѵˡ
¸, ٣ЦһЩӶѾ߱ˡ
ŤͷȻһ, һ˿, Լ֪Ƕ˵ǱǮѾԼָ, ӻһˡ
ȻŤͷ׺ݵؿǫ, ҪԼ, ²ġ
ǫ֪뵽ʲô, Щ˸ӡ
ƭң㲻ǸңֻҪһǵĹпָܻ𣿡Ȼɫһ䣬һץסǫ, ŭ
ԭǸģɡ
ǱǮ֮ͷˣǵ׼£˰Լһ, Ѱ¥տ๤
ǱǮȻûˣµ˳ŵ³֮һӸԼ
͸ңǱǮȥˣȻ۾죬ǫһȭ
һ뵽ԼƭôһԼʧۣ֮ıڵѪ
û˹һӻҲ
ʲôûˡȻзȻǫȭйԼеŭǫѸ÷ָԼǮ̣ȻǱ͵͵ȥ¸ˣԼĹָ
Ӷ̣ŶûУŭȻԽ
ǫڵϻסԼԴ鼱֮½͵ȻҽͣǱǮȥ˰ˣδҪ̣
ԭˡֵİԭ˱˵ĺôﾣģ
Ƕˣôôأ߲ɣﹷҧ
Ǿǣ°
۷׷ף˶У֪Լ군ˣǲûнλҪã¶ˡ
ɾյˣҪǾǮƶᱻǫ̣ʲôҲò
Ȼ뵽ԽŭǫڵϺݺݵػȭ
Ѿؿǰ־磬תκȥþɷá
ǡκӻ֣˷ֿ
޳СˣʹֿͣȻҲǫ¿ˮá
£¶ǫһ˵ļı޹ذ˲ɣȻߺ޵ãֱ˼ȻӦæĵ
ֻһĮıӰ
Ϊʲôǫͷʹһ
нʿʱǶôķ⣬ԼڹٺԽ»硣ȴٻδڣʮ꺮ſеĹȴûˣҪ֮֡
ЩȻĴҪܣԼô䵽أȻȻڷˮ
˵ѻһݵȻǰ֪һС
§ЦһǷǣ˸ŵ֪Щ
֪ǫҪʲôֻǽȥѰ¥˽ӽǫʾ¸֮¡
û뵽ǫϵˣһƱȥѰ¥
ʵƭǣǫ˵Ĺ
̧ͷǫҪû뵽ȻĴһ㽫ǵĻˮȫˡ
ȻĻֻҪҧûָʹǣѶǽζһʱ䣬ٴʮͻᱻųȥ
ʱ磬ɰǵضȹ
ѵܵӰ죬ָ˻˵ǸˮģǸñ
ѿʼŽһ࣬¼Ҳͽ˵ĸͻӰ졣
˵Ļ֮ûѽҪ
ѵͷһۻˣָۣǫҲеǰ취˿ǵ졣
Щ飬ǲġ
ˣǫǱӱѾ˷ŵǮϻˣȥ
۾һ̧ͷһڣлл£
Ȼ·еС⣬˵Էʱպãϯ󲻾ãʵ۱Ųܹˡ
յĻ棬ΧóסĴʢĸɫջ
ʵ۽յ²˼ƣѾЩ̫Ա߽Ȱƣپһ
áʵֺǺǵؿһյеľһ
ƹѲȻһ۽Իʵ۵ǲ˽յ£
ʲô£ʵӡ
һЦˣ˵Ҫý𣿡
ʵǰջýĶӺɵŮͻ顣
ˡʵ۳Աߵ֣Լּ¼ȻŤͷ˵䰡޼ǵ㻹һŮֹУУԸ񣬲㿴ҵĳӿϣ
ɺͻ˽˽׵˼ʵýҪЩʵۿڣֵǡ
ʵԼĺ룬ΪҴ»¡
Ҵ˻Ժֵ˲ɣٶͼŻ£
˲ˡʵȻЩ⣬ǻڡ
ͻ飬˫˼ȻͻСҪҵԧ죬һԹżô죿
Ц˱²ôͻ飬ɾ׵ܵܣܵùһ£
ôˣԼҵܵйص飬ʵֱӡ
ѾˣȴδиһŮǲ˵ȥбŽѰͶѾŮȺˣȴûС
Ļ˵˻ʵ۵ĿȥԼҵܵһֱûиǻʵĲȻԾӡ󲻴漰ܵõ飬ʵ۾ûô˵ˡ
˵ǣҲСˣˡʵ۵ͷ·Ļ顣
޼ǵðиŮǰɡ
һ㶣æֵ£ǡ
ѵҪԼŮ͸ǷڴǰһԸ⡣Ѿ볯Ϊ٣ҲѾãҲǲɡ
֡ѺȻڡ
ʵüǰ㲻Ȣ޶ˡ㸮ѾٶҲûʲôɲپܾˡ
ҡͷ˵ĲǴ£ǹڳ¡
รʵۺ˵
ѿһҹĸ볼Σ̨ܵɽΪžŰʮһգ˼Ҿͻиˡ

ȵƫͷֲ
ôɣƭأ
һ̣ʵ۵ͷŤͷһͰض˵鷳ˡ
ܿ˾Ҳ̫Щɡ


70 
¡һš
ʵЦеȻĸ󶼿, ȥ̨ɽסһʱհɣѵˣ޻͵ġ
ǡǾߵ, ôأ
컹Ҫ˵, ȴʵ۵ɫ΢, ƺЩá
ֻõͷסӦǣּ
Ͱˡʵ¶һЦݡ
ľȻ¶һĨЦݡ޲ýʬ, ԽԼеĺ⡣
Ѱ, ѾӦ, ɲܾˡʵûһŮ˰, ȵԼĵܵҪ
̲ס¶һĨ΢Ц۰, ԼŮ޹ȥҲ, պҲܰҡ
ҵŮ, ץԼĸ׵֣ʮֿ졣
òǸŮӣ̲סģ˵ڹ, ƽϼݣ治µŮˡ
ýĻ˵͵Ůǣռ塣
׼ϲʱ䵭Ȼ, ֣ܻлҪ˵

ʵģӵ㻹ʲôҪ˵
۵ܵóʲôҲͬˡ
飬޴Ͷˣʵ۰˾ġ
ѵͷ۽΢ԭ˵ģΪ˲ֻʵ˵ˡ
ܡ顣
ͣںȲ裬һڲ˳ȥҵؿ
ҮʲôɣȻ֮ͥ˵ԼУ
ԭǲ˵ģַҪܴͻ顭ɫƽһҲöˡ
ڻʵ۵УܱܵԼƵĵڽԼ˰̣ˡ
ʵһ˾ƣһĨº͵Цû£㲻ɲǾͲˣֻ㿪Цģ
šѴɫ
ʵۺԼĵۣܵܵɤӵ⺢ӣɲֱӸ˵ǣô¿Цأ
˺Щ󳼣ʵۺ¾еϢ鳤Ϊ貹һϵض˵޲йؾҥԣ򶨲ģ
ǡǴ˸£ֻǰЩӻʵ۳˺ü󳼵ļң´ŭҲø³æӦ¡
յͻ磬ΪѵһŪûʵЩĲɣҲûͻ¡
˰ԣȴۣҲܣĻ˼ͻ
ȻˣҪ͵ģ˳Ա󣬻ʵһȥͻ
ȻͻǱٲʫԡʵ۳Ƭ̣島ԾջΪ⣬εͷˣͰȥͷ
ܹˣüЦöů񣬱ѾʮˣϴҪûҪôóˣ
е䣬֡
ʵҡͷǺöǣȴ޵Ķ
ʡһ죬漴ԼӮ
ǾҪıˡʵЦ΢Щ
С̫ӽҲˣȣӻãֻǰظڻʵ
ܹҲЦͷϰһ֧ĺ챦ʯӣʵ۵ŵһ𣬡Ȼˣǵðĸ֧ҲӮɲܽĸԿˡ
ȻڿЦ˷׷Ц
˼ʵ۰ڰʾɢٸԼȻ֣ߣ޼ǵЩϤ
ѻͷһ۽Ȼȥ
Ȼʵߺ˶࣬԰һ
ĿĵţǼ̾ա
䣬껨ƶĽƣԱݺһȣӻ߳Це§סĸ첲δС𣿡
Դһղ⣿
СôЩ컬һȣڴЦ
𣿡ͷһǶݺ
¿϶ĵͷУ϶ǺСѧġ
СˡЦⷽ棬ҪѧҲǺѧ
Сղŵ˵ԼǸҲС̻ģ´յԱߣСҾ֪С϶ƭˡ
ô֪ƭˣСֹ˵ء
Ц˿ܻţȴǲŵġҿǼǵãסǶӣСÿ˯͵ġ

΢죬һۣСС;Ͳѧá
¡ٺ١Цһ
˵һȻԶƺںʲô˵µڼһȥ˵仰Ͼͻ
ţС㾡ȥɣҡ۾һصͷ
װûпһ˷ܵӣ˹ȥ
ĵط˺٣ľԱߵȥȻЦʲôҪҵЦ𣿡
΢΢һЦû¶ˡ
û뵽һҲΣʱ΢˵̫磬ѱ粻һʱʣһջġ
ͱһŶ~ʾ
㶼Ѿ޸ˣôҼҵû鷳ǲ̫⣬Ҽҵ¶ҺãԲ鷳ģ
ɲţϲҵ¡ҪϲĻ㲻ôҴҼ޸ϰ
˵˵ʲôĻȵʹţɫһ䣬̧־˹ȥ
վû˫۵ѾҼҵµ̬ˣҪǻΪҵĻȿҼҵͬͬ⡣
ò˵ղѵ̫ˡ
ʹ˳鱻ץס֣ȴľˣŤͷɵ֣
ſ֣ȴڽǰ
µ֪ҽսҽţľ㡣̧̧°ͣһС˵־
ʲôУѶ֪ˣǲϲģİɣ
ѪضŽƾʲô˵ͼƾʲôõѱá
ʼ磬ͷյϵǫȻָʹİɣ
˵ʲôҲһ˿ҡ
Ҳûϵúȥ̨ɽŰɣͲˣһأ¶һĨЦ
ղŲթһ£ȴס¶ı顣
֮һһ԰ӣһһ԰ջ࣬Ҫʱ򣬲ſѺͻʵһ֡
ѵıƽʵ۸ոպ˵ʲôԿ϶Ǻйء
óʫԣûвμεıŻʵۺͲܹͷһŵڵĹӣһһͬǻظˡ
µ£𣿡һϣſϥϣһʵ
ղųʱ򣬻ʵ۽˸ಹƷ̵˼һЩĶ
Ѵסյ鲻飬Ӧ𣿡
εΡڽһ죬׼شʱϵͳʾȻ
һӺǵܾķһɥΪԾѡ
1.ķ˵Ĳĺܶ~
2.ԭص


71 
ûмǴ, ѡѾΡ
ϵͳĲģĵҪԼѡѡ
ְԼյקĥĥþ, С˵Ĳ, ĺܶ~

ѵĴסϸ, ӵղŵĻ˵һ飬ղû
ûˡ룬ͷԶ䡣
ǺǡѼ˵ģ, Цһ, ˹ظȥ, һֳڳϣһסϵ, Σյ̣߱ʲộ
ڽ, , Ͱ͵̡
һҲ, ˸տʼʱе⣬һҲ̣
ⶼϵͳ񣬺һϵҲûа һᣬϵͳס
ȴô򵥵ԭ, ʱ̻ʲộϵһ˵ϣ̹Ȼǰ˵Լ飬ȴԼ˵̡
̲̣ظͽ㿴ͷҧһ, һ
ۣסԼͣؿǲСΪʲôҪҧң
Ľѵƣݺݵһ¡
ŭԣɪڽﲻҶִŭҪȲȥֱϾҪ֤ԼҪˡ
Ŀɨ˵Ĳ˵ģ۵һ˿Ź֡
ôСԼǰ˵Щ˵Ļģ
ջ֣Ƴһ۵ͷɵزҶĽԼбҪһ䣬յĻֵֻģû顣
֪˵ƵʣһѰӣֻһΣԴһ롣

֪ΪʲôЩЦסˣ֪ˡ
գǰʯ壬ͣſڡ
ۿһ۽һ۲
֪Ϊʲô̲ס˸£ܾ溬ɭɭ⣬˵ݺ군ˡ
Ÿأͼһת˸
ಽظԭΪҲط괺ԺȴڽԺ·ͣ£ͷһµȥһ鷿ٻʰ㡣
֪ˡԼԴ͸ˡ
룬ʰ˵ķ֤Լ
ȥЪСȻһЩգۼˡ
ű磬̤ɫݣŶǰһͽԼӸ˽
Űɡ꣬һһ浭
ѾȥˣϾͶѸǵԼͷϵ糶һۣҺãȻڵذȡڣڶϰ˺ü¡
Ƴһֺۣ֪ԼʲôҲû˵ֻغһڲ衣
źܿÿ˶Եġ
뷹Ѿ˿СʱˣҪԵʲôʱȥţڴºȲ迴ѷ²豭Цһ
Լ룬˴Ѿ͸˵׷գգͲ𣿡
ܡؾܾ
ðȡ·룬Ůǰѷ˳ȥֽŮǶȥȻǰϣסĲϴҴˣѣ
պý˻£Լһڶ͵Լˡ
ͣѵĴȥ
ȴָסˣۣһɻ£ô
΢΢һЦԱߵİһߣͳûô򵥡

Ĭһ˲䣬̧ͷ£ʵһҲ̣Ҫô档
ţü
͡ΪģҪˣˡƵĶ͸ˡ
һ㶣漴ܿ췴ӦɫŹֵ㾹ȻΪ
ˣҲָСԴĶһˡѽԭƱſϣȻǰߡ
һɣŤͷ㤵ʣҪʲô
ЦˣøĽ㳤Բǣܰˡ
žʱٶ۵ظоƨһۣȻһܸ߳˲ӿϴԡ
̫ˣô⻹ǵһα˴ƨɣ
ȻңǺ졣
´λ𣿡˹شţһı顣
أҴ´λҡ
ţ
´βˡæĿڡ
ִ£е߽˷۽ǵˮ˱ȥˡ
һմͷ˸棬Դڱ̫ˣҾ첻㡣
ѳ˳ıӣ첻̵ס𣿡
̵סݵ
Сû˵ʲôƿ˴
ϣûԭΪô϶Ҫڴ֤Լȴû뵽ֻǸޱ˯
ѴĲڶһͲˣǿŲĻˡ
Ϊ˱ʾԼ˵һˣȻԼױã򵥵ű˳ȥ˳ķɽϴûпɵķҶ
ԺѾûӰŮ֪ͳš
Ե󡭡
򵥵ԡһһӱ˹ѦֻǴȥȴôˡѦȵѹƽʮ꣬ȻǲѦȵʬײġ
⻹к˶Ӻľһ£Ѿ֪Ƕڳɱڵؼ׼¡
˳⾶ֱȥ̯ӣϴΪȻûܳԳɣԸԳس⽡
⽺ɽתһȦȥ˷ɽϵĵ˼ע㣬۷سǡ
ڶָ¹ӣȥй䣬ϻȥʱλʳָȥڽĹ˲⡣
ȵ峿һ˹ſѵؿСѡ
µ£˯ˡ
ٿȻ۾ץססԼӵ֣ôϺͱ˵ˣ
غһ˵վգҲŲôСˡ
ʵͺˣԼǸ죬첻˵ܵĲѶԼ
ȻˣǾͰǰǷµծ˰ɣȻˣҲû˯⣬ɫ㷭ѹ¡

ֵϣ¸ȥˡ
ڴҲһԡסĴ
Ȼ֪ѲǸ˼Դȴص˻𳵡ôô׽أ
̧§סѵĲӣ׵κأȥ·
š۽ǹˮɫ죬ϸ۵Сڿߣֺһ
ͼ䣬Сĳ˴ߵӣƫͷʱȻбľ˶˵Ӱ
̫̫߳ˡ
סԼٲȥˡ
ƫͷһۣ࣬ԽβȾһĨ⣬ԵüΪɫɲ͡
ԡǰʱѺȻڵţ汾һȥһˡ
ȥʲôһڵ
Ȼɻ飬Ϊ壬Ȼȥһˡζ
ޣƭأ
һѾȫ񣬱ʵȦڳʳɻȥġ


72 
ʯϵĿҶ, ˵ͣڽ䣬һĽζⶼ, Ȼôӭף
ǰȻ֪, ѾǸ׸, ΪԼȻףʵһּ⣬ʺȻס
ʵʱȦڴûж, ζʹ˷Ź
ʴͻ, ˵Ǹһ·ɶȻ˵, ǳ׾ǰ̡
Ѿ磬ȻδӭױԿ, δʵӻжôùʵԸҲȻù
ϻѻ͵, ԼҵӦûἦɹ
ʱ˼ѿڳ, Ų, ЦЦ
飬̧ͷ˸۵Ǳ⻹С˰ǰϻˣһֱŸ
̳ƵġСֹ
²ۣлһ˿˿⡣һ, ΪԼԴףȻ֪ԣﻹЩˬ
ѴѻƺǴıʲôЦЦһĻ, ֮ҡһδ򣬻޸һ㲻Ǻ𣿡
һЩεôʲô֪ˡ
Ȼ֪ЩסԼЩǱĹȥ֪Щˡ
ִļϣĺ󾱴һ£Сèһûʲô˵ģմ侮ʯġ
һμ˰侮ʯ˵ôֱ׳
۸ˣҲ߱ôͳ
գգβЩ΢죬ʵҲûôԿҼ޸ºе³Ƿϳ˼ο
뵽ռ޽һν͵ŹŮɾһ⣬˵Լʹ̲סЦ˳
ܲܽǰװ۸ȥӣ֪ʲô
ԭΪǳԴףŴԼġȴû뵽ΪҪԼ
ӿЩжһ±ӵôȻôɿ飬ôԵүأ

ݵǱ֪ͣԵүʲʲôôʡ
˵䣬Ȼżªӭˣûע⵽սǴĶˣֻľһߵſڣؽһҵĻ˸񣬵Ƿּ⣬ǰӭȢĹġ
һۣЦɹٲ⣬ϲ۶ӳף
Ȼմһϴط׵ľӣֻǰһ컨ӭˡ
Ļ԰׵ϱԽѿԵ˫ֽճȭͷܵʲôһ㡣
ȥ˳ɣ˵ôʲôһƳȻһۣͬȥѽյг
ⲻûô𣿱ºö˶˵أôһŻ¡ֹһ
ѾΪŮĹҲʵ۸ˣ»ʵ۴ͻ飬ǽͷԡ
嵶ȥһĹˣͷسȻˣϽߣҪڴ˶
Ȼͷû˵ľȻǰ
Ƭ̺֨ѽʴһªļ£˳ͷʹЩӹĲ⣬ϻ¶һĨߡ
жô尾Ժܼ޸İӣҲùĵʲôʱȫҵʥּˡ
ڴ̧ͷϸ
㿴Ȼϴ÷׵ľ£Լı顣ϵıٿȻˣе£ضȻʲô˼㲻ԸȢң
Ǵͻ飬Ȣ㣿Ȼľлһ˿
ʽӵϣֻһƣ㾹ңѵˣ˭һһոҡβ
İȻ԰׵϶һӡάƫͷĶһȻЦһ˹ȥҲ֪ǰڵ㲻һɥ֮Ȯһ磡
ŮˣҪԼô³
ˤڵأԼһŵ㾹ȻҴң
Ҫɱ㣡ӵһ³Ȼ˹ȥָϺͲϻ˺ü¡
øȻüһƿٶˣ
һԼ˵ǣĿɭɭؿһۣķȥ
ע⵽Ȼûдϲۣӭ׵ΪªƺҪɢܡ
Ȼվסͷɢңָ׺ݵӭҵĳܣ
Ȼ̨ף̵ѵ㻹ΪԼǸ߸ϵĿ
޳֮ͽڷӦԼ϶ֻǸαӣæ˼Ҳˣ
Ǳ´ͻ飬ݲ㲻ޡſڵĻӻ֣˵ϽߣϽߣ
տǿһϷ»ޣһԳˡ
ԸޣҾˡȻ
ͷҲصļϣԳЦ
Լʲô
ʲôÿ޵ģϽ߰ɣŻǱ´ͻģǲ߱ǿּҪɱͷġؿһۡ
Ĩһᣬӵһ˿⡣
ȻǸСˣԼҲù
Զ飬ѿһڿľȻȻû˼Ťͷѵ£κѺ񽻸Ǿͺˣǻȥɣ
𣿡ѵͷʡ
ҡҡͷûʲô˼
ѴƬ̣Ӧãġ
ǣȻʱֻ˶˽Զȥ
Ҽҵº˵ϲӣС˵Ѻ͸Թӡκһľӡ
ʲ֪뵽ʲôȻÿڵķȥպÿһ͵ݻճӣķȥˡ
Ťͷؿκ⣬ղǲ
κ΢΢һЦ͵¼λƺ˲죬ԹӦòǣԱһ
ˣʺ
ǸˣһԼЦġһܵ⣬ԼȻ裬ˡ
κϵЦ⵭ˣƳ˼һ۵ĹСĻӿڳ
۾죬ԺһֱŽЦԼģЩ
κûжܿ뿪ˡƾɵȻޱشǸľϻӣɫȻһ䣬۵ӿһɱ塣
ˣʻ񣬱㿴ǸľϻһֻˣƬ̺ȻЦ
˵ûɲǸ˵𣿡ֻЦ
ˣ㾹ЦңȻеľϻˤϣȻŤͷһסʵĲӡ
б¾ɱҰ˿£ؿ
ҵţȻһ˦ˤϡ
ſڵϣԼĲӺǺǵЦһһεڵϡ
ûڶţȻڼϹ˼ȦһЩСȻƵ߻
ԺԺ֮·ڷֿһȥ鷿һԺ
ϣѲŴźݡ
»ĸպãŸնһȥôûأԸ˰꣬Ȼڷǰ¡
´ӿʼš
˵£Ҹղ˵ȥ̨ɽˣһӲˣЩԥʵ
ʲôƳһۡ
¿ӣ̾һ½ȥ̨ɽΪ˸ҳҵĽڡɵȵº֪ûлУǿôͱ½
ƳһۣЦʲôȻô˵ȻѾ˽ķӡ
ʲôӣ档
˻ӱ£ӧǰȥСѵ
ҪսʶԵУ岻òȥ
Ѿѿߺ󣬾ʱû˸ˣڳҪСһЩ¿ȥһ֣һչһ
ȥ𣿡
ҡͷ
Һ͵һȥʪ
Сܾ
Ҳĵ¡죬Ҫˡ
̾§Ӧ㣬ܿͻ
ƭˣϴҲô˵ģȴôصˡһɡ
ҪԼҪһȥָʲô⡣֮ԼǼͬһȥġ
Ѳ˵ˣͷ۵ԼĶǡ
˵ĬĬؿҪ
̾һ߽ǿຮ֮أܲסġ
ġԼȣȻѲŸǶ使
ȥû˰취ֻð
һ㶣ڵһһԲߡ
ȥʡ
ûлشͷҲصؽңһһͷŵԱߵϣҲ²ңԺͻԼ˯ɣ
˵ֿ첽ȥӸӽ˯ѩ򱧽˶طŵ˯λϣӽ쿪ʼûеλˡ



73 
~ѩؽһ, ˸ڳ˸Ķ˵ƣϽһ
ȥ, šü
, ƫͷҲ, ᶨͲ˭õҡ
ʱ׹㣿ſʡ
ʲôʱ׹ҶǵˣҹȻСˡߵؿȫʱ

ʲôʱԼС, Լôǵˣ
, ʶȤûʳ, ӣҪϵ鷿ȥ˯ˡ
һ, ЩεôͲǱССˣ
ǲʱˣ˿Ѿ̲סҪЦˡѴһ˷, ƽﴦҲ, ˵仰ʱ, ϵؿɰ
ֻҪңԸԸһȥСʲôģ˵˵ûãÿʵж
ͷһһµḧѩϵëעı顣
ѵƢ, ǲ̬ǿӲһ׵ģҪԼŬ˵Эˡ
һ̬ʮּѵúԭľܾ, ԹԴڳá
㲻ǵĴȴ޷Լδе𣿱ȥ˱߽ȥˡǾһЩ
˯ظȥ˯ֻèѿһۣõ˯ڴϡ
ԭһ˰
ŵıӰѩ򱧵Լ°͵Ҫİ취ˡ
ûԶپˣѩڴһŮǰѷһ£Լǰһ뷹
ѣгָ뼦˿棬Ůκ⣬Ȼ߶һʳȵɫˣһѩϴ˸裬Υذѩ˴
ϴѩװģϻһ֣˺þò˯
֮գѺȻæÿ飬뽭һŵʱ䶼ûС
סһԺͽţȴһüնûм档
ÿû¸ɣèĶ
磬ɹ̫һȲһߣԼСѩԱڸѩСѵĲɷ硣
Ҹһ߽˵վǽ˵ȥ˹
߲վǽ׵ˡӹ죬Ѿˡ
֪ˣȥⷿѡ׼ţպһһ˽ҡƳһûнӹ˼
ǿԣؽҡ
ϧǽ׵ҪԼ׵ȥҪ˵Тˡ
Ͽһ飬ȵĺɫ٣ѻ𣬲ݡ
Ȿдε裬ùţһԳϵĵ跽
ˣѻֱ֪ǰߴӰ䵽ϣŷӦ
ˣ̧ͷЩȡ
ѴһŽյ˽ɫҪɫҪĲһò衣
Ƴһۣȴʵæ
һΣϣܴȥ߽ϢȻʧˡ
š棬Լһ裬һһݺͱѾǲϣպŻָҵǰ߽½ϡ
һ磬û˵ʲôȥĻֻǴԴҸʰ
ԣؿһۣˣ
ˣһɡ
Ǳ˵ˡæϴȻ⼸վҲȥڸɺã
̧ͷ۵ڣлЩѪ˿Щ۵ʵ³Է𣿶Ӷ
Ѿùˣҡҡͷ
ȥϢɣ˵һѡ
̾һε㻹Ҫбڸ˯ãҲˣýֻèˡ
ǰΪȽæµԱûⱻϳ£ҲŵϢ
Լæˣȥ˯ҪԸˡ
Ʋ죬
аɡ̾һڽԴһ£˸ڡ
ڶ磬һԿ飬æǰæʰ˼øЩʲô
ϾҪˣø¶¡߽ຮսۣԶ˸ҩôϡԱ߶߶һ﷭š
ΪʰԵʣ˺öӣѵﵽǡ
ѿһ飬̧ƨһ﷭Щؽ£߹ȥʣʲô
ҼǵôȥɽԵʱκԵЩƤëҳŮ·סһ淭һش
ЩŮǣαԷңʲôǲ·ѵ
˸ۣ·ˣҲŲ
Լû£պÿԴŮʰҪԼ·ǲܵġ
㽿ЦһҲûָԼ·۵ҲԼ
Ҹߴ硣ڴ﷭ԼҪҵĶȴСĴһֽ
ûע⣬˼鲻ӳЦŤͷʵ£ô
Ѳδش𣬶ǶŵϵĶɫЩŹ֡
ڿʲôһֵʣһͷҲȥ

ϵĶʱԴһˣʶ˫סϵĶμˡ
ⶫôʲôʱǷӵģ
һʲô

ըˣȻֱĴ
ͼͣ£˵滭Ĳ𣿡
ѲֻǶЦ
ðҴˣҰɣһ磬ͷɥ
ʵ⻭ϵüĵĺ̫ۣ粵粵ˡ
ÿϴܿ죬ȴûĹѸ°һֽ˳
һŻϣԼű¶ŮװġڶŻϣԼ̻¶ţһһѹڴϣ
ٴֻڵϣһŵضԼ顣
˵գ˭ֽƮƮʵ
ôôʼ/˭ֻԼļ/
ԽƽԽǺ£ͷָ˭һġ
ϲ֣üʡ
̧ͷ
ѽ˴ӵȻŸ첲ɵԱߵϣɣ㡣

ϵˣ˰£ɧŶ
⡭ʲôչԻ·ôеϣ


74 
㲻ϲ𣿡б, һЦ
һ죬˭˵ģ
û˵ֻⷭһĻ, ָؿ

һĻ, תææ˸̿, Ļ˺Ƭصȴ̿衣
̿˽ڼ䣬ѾͿϣһ仰Ҳû˵, ֻؿıӰ
, ̿ˡһСɵ̿, ֮ƺԣҲûҶ˵ʲô, ̿ºϢȥ
˺ƬĻӵ̿, ˲䱻յĻ̿ճɻҽ, еĻһ硣
ˣ
ŤͷεЦһ, û˼ػ
˾͹ʬ֤Ҫ뱾Ź㣬ûôסƤӡ
ޡ߹ȥȥ
ʲôס, ͷüɫڡ
գգɵǵҪôַˡ
˵ֲ˼ģ⼸ûԼ˯һԼġǸղ, ¶һξߢģɳܵضˡ
һӵջôþܾġ

¶һŹֵı飬ڵ㿪ЦģûǴĻ⼸ӦҪˡ

ֲĳоЩУڴʱȻЩʪʪģԭΪԼ̫ɫˣڱһѲŷӦˡ
ȥ˾ҡЩΣĶӡ
˾һֻе죬ȻԼˡһԼҲôɫġ
´ϣȻپһԼų
ͼգ¹ȥ˵̧һۣ
ûУϹ˵ʸڷϡ
Ѳÿɷ񣬿ֱߵҲظʰˣЩκǣ⼸ձúõس⾭ǡ

֪һƲ֣ҲҺּۻۣϾԼ
˵£ոպҵʱһҪؽңͲȥˡһתǼ飬ǰɵ
ͷ飬ûע⵽һĽֻǶ˶ٵ֪ˡ
ǰ߽ԭദʱ㲻࣬ԭԼϣΪ᲻Լޱӣȴǲõˡ
ŮԱ߿ţպÿԼලղŻ飬ʱû
ɲٳһѽ¡˳䣬ͼ鷳
ΪƮƮˣôĹ㣿
˵ţһᣬַһҳȻϲһͼʲôƶУպǿһ顣
˵ʱβһҡ
һ죬Լ£Ťû˵Щߵ飬~
˵ˣԼվҪˣԼһȥǸͼҪ
ѻ¶һĨЦ͵ű
ƲƲ죬һ¡
Щ㽫ֻèȥˡѴߴٵ
öŶĹա
̧סϵ⣬ʹһѣ۵ᶼ쮳ˡ
ҪèҪأսʮ䡣
˸£Ȼ֪ںԼЦǱŵˣæŮ̧ӣԼһԶҳ𣿡
̫ˣ֪ԼıѩвԼ
Ѽˣ΢΢һЦû˵
һյ飬Լĸ첲ˣŴ󷢴ȱؽЪϢټ
ԭǺѽԼ飬ǲ˯Լݵģû뵽ʼĶӾͽȵ׼˯ŶʱѾ۵ڴϴ
ҶӺۡڴϣͰ͵
׼뿪Ĳһ٣ͷΪѵѾгǽȥˣ͡
£㱧ҡӡ
㲻ǲб˯𣿡
ԼĶӣСڲˡ
̾߹ȥѵԼ·ϴһѽ̵ԼĻ쵽С
ȵĴűС˼ӣҪڸԼСӡ
ֲûʲôòصġѽ˽첲°ͷŵͷܰķ˿
ԼԣСһֱأó󣬷úܿɰҲ
˶һ죬ȴûͼڸˣĽѾѵһ£ﲻ˵ˡ
ڶϣӴսѵûδ𴲣㽭˯
ѵıȽ磬ĶѾ̫ˣſѵĻһһ۽ޡ
ڴʱѺȻۣһ˫ÿﵹӳӰ
ץס֣ѹ£ɤͳ֡
£޹գգ۾½ʼĸ
ǲǾԼ£βˣѺһҡ
Ȼǡһ§סĲӣһ̽ȥ£Ұòã
һ˵ţСһ
˵գʲôûж
˼Цһ£ɲԽ첻ѽ~
СҲûؾܾȻͷһǣǿٳһЩ

㲻ԸЦԸҲû취˭һò

һЩܱûٺãӦ
һϢѻЩڡֻᣬӽᣬôԼԿˡ
һգ۾͵ѳ죬һ磬˵仰ٱǰᶼûУ㼱ҴҵشźüĶš
̾˿ݴϿףϳȵʱɫ࣬һɱ֮
ŻǳţֱȥϣֵƬ̣ʵ۴ٹٳڳſڡ
ѣһҪƽʵۿǰԼߵĵܵܣһᣬ㻰ҪȴʲôҲû˵ֻļ
ǡѹ
С̫ڻʵ򴽣һѱѵС壬ǰս彣ǝҲûʲôô͸С壬ϣСս޲ʤ
л̫ӡѽӹС̫¶һĨЦ
ݱʵۺ̫߿գѷźƺƵı򱱷ȥ
Ϊڶ࣬нٶȲ죬˵յʱ򣬺Ȼһ·ǧ£ĩǰһֱ̽ӿ̽ƺнٶȡ
һ䣬ֽһҪ̽ӣȥĿΪΡ
ǡǧ˳ǰĹٵ
ȷǧٴλʱɫЩŹ֣ʱʱؿһۡ
ޱл˵
ǧԥƬ̵Լȥɣ
û뵽Լô㱻˷ˣԭ׼ߵ߽һľϲû뵽ŵԼ͵ס
²ѼԼ᲻Ҫ˽Լͻسʱϵͳ
ʱķᲡ㱯ʹֹ֮ͣ˺ΪԾѡ
1.һͼķ˵磬˼㶼һ顣
2.뿪


75 
ע⵽, ߳ܶȱѡһеֵѡ
ϵͳżѡ, һѡ, һԭصѡ, ڶѡȴ뿪
뿪˺һĸ֣ԥƬ̺ѡѡһ
֪ʱԸֹŹֵķʽȥԼͨһЩȽ߳ܵ, ôѡ뿪أ
ò͵͵, Ҫô׵ػȥ, Ҫǰ
¶ģ, ܻȥġ
ֻѡһ̵Ĺٵһ˼Ҳû, ԼȥҴͼأ
, Ӷվ, ū澴·ϸԡĳ룬׼ǰ׼ĸó
óһɣ°ͣ˼лӱ޸ȥϡͼĿԡ
ǣҪ
ô˼ڣлȥͼأϾ, ԼһֱǸׯ󣬶һįϲͼķ
ڽųꤹ죬̾취ʱȻסһ
ôˣŤͷ
ﱧһʳУһ, ļҪѪΪýһ۱㿴Ǳݣ/˽һ

ֵϸɫ鶼˳
⡭ūҲ֪Ǵģū澷ŸʱûСμˣǱͼҲǣҲǡ
һùǱͼҰɣҽ˽ˣȥţҪ
ǽūȥ˰ɣ˵ĶƽʳзºǱͼҪ뿪
G£ȥյס߳ܣһ˵
ȻⱾͼϵͳΪ˽Լ񣬲֪ŪģôȥˡҪյҲõյ
ԥƬ̣Ǳͼµ㣬ɱе¿ˡ

ȻˣΪⱾΪԼ͵Խį
ûҪŭ
ǣûҪūˡ
Ŀڵ죬ȻǲԼĻһԼ
ȥ˺ǱͼŵһԵСϣ۾Ⱥѵĵ
ûһĵ۾ַǱͼ
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ٿǶӻԲˣʱλף⼸һֱ˿̽ԼǺˣ
һ˿ŭ롭ϲ
ǵģѿĳʱʶظоϲֽ
£ٳǧںƨ
˵ƨҲԣΪ߽ຮ佫ļҾ춼Ըȴ³ĸȻ׷澣ȥ߹أ⵱˸ж
΢΢Įڴ˵Ⱥ򣬱ȥȥͻء
ȥȥͻأѲɾҪͻȥ
ɾⱳӰǲ˵ӣȲģ
ÿĳʱǴͼĽζͣ˿֪ʱʶؽǱ顰žһµϣһ̧ͷ
ǴſףһʱɵԲӲŷЩεЦ¡ɰ
ڣ䵭ĿɨԾɷۺڳʱɫչüͷ
ˣԸһֱԼȥ߽Ǳ˷ֵ磬׼ʱ߱棬Ӳ
̽ͷһĻǣסѵ˵òã
ԭЩģһ壬˲ࡣ뵽ΪԼ᲻Լ뿪ǧ׷ĸһů
һۣһԲ
δãȷ˳Ҳˡ
лͿ˵ҪȥѲ
׵ģܺÿǳʵĽһ㣬Ҿǧ֮⡣
ɽȴ£һܱסѣͷʵѶ𣿸ռҡ
šüӦôڳ
𪽿ֵۣܵ˱߽Ǻ͵һĺ磿ͷ㷢˱߽֮Ҳ޷ڳںˡ
˸ۣɵĻ°ϵĺ±ҽˣ¶ʲô
ѷѾˡ
ǰ̫ҽϹڵĶѾɾˡȻ֪Ϊʲôʵ
֪ô˵ԲֱֱǱͼסѵĲӵ磬˼㶼һ顣
٬Ǳͼŵϣһֻ½طš
Ѻһץס֣֪Լ˵ʲô𣿡
Ȼ֪˳е׼
Ȼ֪Ҫ𣿡գۡ
û˵ʵжش
̱ϣ˫Ĳӣɢε䵽̺ʱס⣬Ƶϲ𣿡
ӺᣬͷһǱĴͼֻСҲϣֻƲһ
ҲԺòãѵʹԼϣӡ
ͻطȥ̼һ̱Ļʹϰ
·ŪˣȻʲôסԼ߳ܵ
¡ѺȻЦסĴ
̱ĻԼӲɾ󣬴ӵϼ·һһظԼϣʰһԼ
㻹ͻȥ𣿡ƿĴ͸Ťͷѡ
ۣˮ⣬ݹԵǱģ
һɹص⣬˹ڽ̫֣һصĴ̼С
ȥȥǰȥ˿ɱޱӡ§ס̾һЭ
϶ġͦͦظ
վѽ˽ͣЪϢڴ˵ȺĴ󲿶ӣȻŽվ
ΪԵʣһɫ磬ͷϻñڵʵʵ
һҲ˿̵ģ֪ˡ
ش׷֪Ҳһͬʮ⣬漴̾ء
£ҰɣԼ죬̫󱻸ԡͰġ
û뵽ѰҪ˻ϾҪ
ǳҪġӣԡͰ̳˴һ·ȥ
סֻԴκء



76 
´, Ҫ̵Ļǵý̵ֻԼʵǹڵ󣬵֪Լ, һԵǰ, Ҫȵ߽ٸԼ
Ϊ±߽ຮ, Ҵ͵͵ȥ𣿴ӳ;ٵϲ֪жɽ˴ˣؤһСһǸ۸ģǳʲô, бô죿
ú, Ҫ˯ȥʱ, ȴǽȥϴ
ҲŲ, ¸ҵҶţ˵²ںֲߵ̫, ̫Զ޹, վǽǡ
ɽ̫, ǡµأΪӦӣΪаģ¶Ҫһѵ
ӻһ, ̲סô⣿ⲻǺúõ𣿡
ֻ֮һļʣҲѿһһ㲻ԼİΣɱں, ̲סɱǡ
˵࣬·ɱ⣬ۿ΢΢죬·һ̱Ҫᵶȥɱһ㡣
ĵһĵ׵ίûˣδԼʲôλһֱԼڲѵӣҲԼһġ
û뵽ģǰԼ
뷨һʱҲˣϵʹҲˣӶϲԼ
ô죿ϲ
ָԾӵؿѣȻ̲סɵЦ
ЦʲôüѵԼǶԵģ
æҡͷԣĲԡ
ΪηЦʡ
̲ס¶һӵЦɵΪ¹ңϲҡ
ѵĶٿغˣǸղߵ鶼ûк죬ʱˡ
վãһ㣡һ۽
šһ̲סɵЦźϲϡ
ʲôɸ˵ģѿ
ԴΪϲѽ~
̲סʱ˵ϲ㣿
Ȼû˵֪
ûСѷ
С
ѺȻ˵ˣֻǶؿȻƫͷƺ߳ŭתȥ˼
มһתȥƬ̺Ťͷˡ
㿴ˡһ˿ŭ
¡
졣
վסͰ͵˵һƬˮ󣬿﷢̲ס뽫§
Ҳȷôˣ˱صϣ㽿
ֻԵһ˽
û˵ǽĲҲˡ
*
פп磬֮һƬԭɽأǺҪ£Ǳؾ֮ء
ӳпʮգпʱ˶Ѿ˺ʵ¡
п仹δѩʱ򣬵ⱱХǵӹһ㣬⼸Ĩ˲˪ǿӲظҲĨˡ
ЩʱԽߣ;ķԽϡƾɣ׼ɼˣһ˵ִпƾɵĳԼҪ̮ĳǽʱЩ⡣
ɷֱڿưܵĵطǳԱů⣬Ҫˡ
£ⲻʲôһѣԼ
ǰĸ⣬Լһӣ˵ûжࡣ
û˵콫һȥ磬ٵпձ˸ϵ硣
п粻ʱ콫ļҾҲпȻѣһ
ֿʾ˾ƣڳſڵʿǱ㼱æÿ·ſڵ·Ųߣһ˽˳ǡ
ǰѱκһпǽǰú÷ݣʶ˳Ǻһֱȥ˳ϵӻ
κķΧסĶһЩ佫ҵļҾ죬ԼиΰܱȳطһЩ
Ϊ鷳δ͸¶Լݣֻ˶Ů죬ԳŰá
˵ز񳤰ݵֲ̫ۣϲʣΪȫǵ͵һЩΪá
κ⹺õСԺżӣп˵ѾǲķӡͲɷ˽լӺ󣬱еŮǿʼɨӣȻ˳ȥˣó迪ʼ
ﻹһһϲѵֵҽһǧձѼµǧˡ
Ѹ֣ţ¶һĨЦ㲻ٵЩʱգÿ˴ӾӪԸ
Լ˵ģɲܷŶסĸ첲˼ϣЦ
ģᷴڡӡ
լǸģ뾣ܱȣȴûа㲻Ǹ߸˵شŮʰָǰѼҾ߰ںãһƿŮ޻ȥڵһ׺
׼֣ʹ͵͵⡣
֣Щã֡
һҲЦصסݵϺŵζ˵ǵϲҺ֡
˭˵ģбһۡ
˵ģСдӵµ￴ġ

ǣû˵˵ûԼϲɰģżĺҲÿɰ̲ס뽫§ϧ
ΪҪп·;ңԶԭ򣬽ûаѩֻܽڳ
ҹ§˯ţ漸ҰèĽ̲ס£ѩˡ
§ɤͳһҲ롣
Ϊʲô룿ѩôɰûֵܵסĿɰ
һΪ˵ֵסĿɰԱŵֵסˡ
ĻЩŪͿˣ˼˺þûûףֻܱס˲䡣
컹ûʱѱˣ۾ʱ滹һƬڣôҪһҳԼ˸¡׺ʹ멵ʵʵأֽгſ꣬ؽͳš


77 
ߺ, Ҳ˯ˣڱ﷢һɫҡҡͷĽ, ŮǽźԼϴ
ɷһ, Ҫ·ŵ濾, õ߽нڱﴩãȻֳȥˮźϴ
Һȼ֮ǰ׼˶£ҪŸʮ·, пôĶһ, ūȥˮʱ, Ͻһ㱡ѩҲԶˡɷšӵݸ, Щ
ӹӽˮɾҲЩ, , ӪظѰ, Ҳ֪ܲܵסҽ׼ĶҩҲûá
ǵģлȥͺáɷڻǰ̿Ȼ͵ؿ̫̿, ūȰ˳ȥѾ˳ȥ˿̿ˡ
ûӶھӪͰȷԲϵģȻ֪˧ôҲܱ, ۡ
ùźȥҩȻֽ˳ȥһͷţųͼŮţɡ
ţɣӸȳʳֽϽӻһлȥ硣
ʳ͵ĵڶհùţ˸ˮѵϣһп־˽⵱ط顣
⺮ŰХźʹѵ졣ůıǹǺһ̲סӡ
ʱ洫֪ĵҰ
һϮ£һɫĴ멣ƥȥһʵ˯𣿡
ùűϴˣӦûû˯ڿ飬ػδŰɣūȥгκЩȷɷЩǽߴŵʵ
šÿſڵӽݣֱңŲϢԼһϲ
˭ߵſڣ㱻һܱסֻһԼϣЦڻҺ㡣
һ˱סֹȥһֻԲƨɣ򴲱ȥߵô·ô죿
Ķ֪ǵ»ˣһ˱ûд·ſ
ʵ˺ü̿裬Ͳ䣬ƽʱﶼǱǹɵؽһ顣
ʧЦָɰ׵ϻżղô˼𣿡
ǵȻŴ
زĵطƸѣÿնָͷӣʱܹȥýѿЩ
磬ѽ磬ֽвɷˮݽţԸȲ͵ֱߣ۵ǲǺˣƤҲˣûԭÿˡ

һЩеȲ򷭣ⶼĴ
֪ΪΣȻоЩ
Լȥ˾ӪգǲζʳҩƷһӦȫļλʮȣ£һλɶõغӡ
ΪԺӿһů⺮ȴؿȺأ͵ءʹĳʳһŵȻһǿҵԸǾ
ǰ˿ӱޣӭźпһ·ϣǵһԼϣؿڻȵؽһҲòʡ
ӣҲϲ˹˵Լ˼֮顣һжֱᵽԼƱˡ
ԼһֱӵĶǾϲԼƺΪ
֪ǲãԼ°ͣƺĴֲࡣ
һûкúĨҸࡣ̾ڽѵСѣͻ˪ÿնҪĨȻƤѿ˾ˡ
֪ˡѵһٺûǹԹԵӦ
ùźȥˮ˸裬ɵشʱ̾һȻĵطãھӪסһѡ
׻˵ů˼/ִӽƣ½ſϣͷͳǱͼסĶϰⱾͼɡ

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⻹պ棬͵͵õģҳ㲻˼زصͷ棬˭֪ѾȻ͸һ㣬׼ط˳
ص̫ˡЦסĴ
ҲǱĿɰضزãδϴ㿴Ȿͼǡ
⺮ϰϰȴⰻȻͷקŴ˫ϥķ죬ɡ
¡ջҪ𣬿졭Щ˯ɣſǻ͵ҧסǡ
ǹԼջҪȥӪҪһرûˣʰһ˱ڻ˯˹ȥ
ڶսѹʱԱߵıѾˣ˲ɷ֪һ˾Ӫ
ϵ³ŵʱ򣬿ɽ軨ģȫСѻ͵ſڡɷЦе
⵽ϵĻƿŵɽ軨ԼԭȽ˲޻
Ц˿˿ء
ƿɽ軨оԼҹֻ˸ΣѸûл
˼գֻһΡ֮㲻ٻˣֻʹ˸Ӫ̫æûʱŮϽˣ֪ԭǴ˽ˡ
Ϊ˵ԵʣҶﲻϳֱպ˵ʤ̣˸˻ȥС̯ǶϽְ̯ˡ
п䱻Ϊһ˿ȴࡣΪش߹أк˻ӱµټĳǳֻʮˡ
Ǹ佫Ҿľۼ֮أƽᶼʶէðŮֶ࣬˽ַǵע⡣
ԭȼգ˵ĵϸţû뵽˰㼸ûгţֻŹԼӣƽֻ͸ͻżͲˡ
ƽЩû˽˲լ˲˺档
գ۱㵽˶£ѾһˣñŮǳȥתƣѰ˼Щ߹ޣȥܲͰײˡǰлȥһ˳Ĵӣһ߲˷ŵؽﴢ档
ӳʱǴ˲ٷɵʳʳֲ߲״Ķȴû࣬캮ضټʵ߲ˣδѵؽһ߲ˡ
ҲϽתתһ¼ûгţƻˡ
пĳǳزδúù滮Ҳң󣬽ñţеᰶˣĻֻԶԶظں档
תһȦǰ߱㿴ǰһȺˣϲһѸɲݣʶū
Щ˶ǺﲿˣǰЩӹûдֲµӣϴ΢ﲿ䡣ﲿĴ䣬ЩץסԱ߽͡
⼸Ͻˣע⵽϶ūɣһ´¡
üֿһЩū涼ЩŮм׵ĺӣǶ²壬촽̲࣬ס̾Ϣһ
Ŵս̫࣬ʮֳܿĴ඼ͨգʵܡ
ˣ߰ɣʱһӺȻ˵ǰصؿ˸ͷ
۲ãվûʡŻ߸Ůп˸룬ǻԼ
ӵƲţﻹһСкһ˫ɫ۾ǰ
СкƺǷˣɷסԥƬ̣һˡ
Щūô࣬Ƿ¶ˣҲﲻˡЩūԼָ
Ӽ⶯æֵùǡ
Щ⣬ūǹȻͷ˵ӦȥǮ
ôȥһ˻СūصլӲɷӭСֹ
ȥҸǿȥЩˣЩˮϴˮ衣Ƴһźӵӣ۽΢գ
ǡɷӦӸȥ


78 
ϴ, һľ·˲ɷȥķ˺󣬱ɷ쵽˽ǰ
ŷ, ӲӸ, ĺܺÿ, Ũüۡͦҷɫ𪣬ǰˡ
лˡӹл
ڰ֣ƺֻʵϲ񣿾Ȼ˵ٻô䵽, ֻܵ𣿡
ӿЩĬ, ʻһһش, Сʱѧһʱٻֻܵܶ, 䵽Ϊץס
ҿūƺĻ, Ϊʲôյһڡ
ǰ, , ǰöļӻǵöŵġ
Ļ͵̧ͷһ˫ɫһ˿ްȻһɱ⡣
ŲæƳһ, Цеʲô⣬ֻҪ㲻ԴҾͲܡңߵŮ书ĵܵҲլ, ǲŭұӳȥ͹һЩ
Ļӻط֣ɤӸƵҪʲô
Ƭ̣ЩʱȱˣȰϵ˵ɣ
ǡĬȻ
ʲô֣
̹
ף˽ȥ̹Ķ֮ûзϣֵԺ
գڵ˺ȻŰݷã֮໹òɷ˹
ͻȻţ˲Ҫ֣ЦЩ̶ź彭ݲ˸񣬱һƨϡ
˶֪פĴͳ˧Ǿѣϱϡ٣Խլſڹ˽լľҡ
΢΢һЦҳէʶʲôˣţҵҡ
һ˵û뵽λҲǫ飬ӦŲĴһӣȻһڲǴӳŰģǾеĽ𣿼ǴӳģǾµˣ뾣Щ飿
ǡףЩŵĿġ
λ֪ģκլʱ㽫Χ˼Ҷ˸˵ӸԼԼûмǴ˵ķǳĸ
˲δ˵Լ⣬ֻǹĨǵĴһǵҲĺģ˵ԼķֻǾһСȴǾĸ
ʲôĶǳеĲϣȻ£ȴΪûʲôΣʶ˱Ҳˡ
լ̫࣬ƲƲСһǲӵģһСٺ»ֲ࣬˻ӻ
ǽŮңܵ޺һЩĲ衣ؿֱߵĲζѵɫֵһͲʲôò衣
˵ŮͲɷ磬û˵ɷ洽Ц֪Ǿʹ͵ƻ裬ͳûǷ˾͵˰
⻰٣к˵ĲƻǵʱԹģ˵ǻʵ۰ܵܣʲôöܵԱϡƻҲ˰ѡ
Ǿ͵ģЩΣû֮ĹϵϾ׻䲻Ͼݵġ
ǡһڲ衣
Ҳˣæֺ˼ڣҲҪŮˣ뿪ǰֻ뽭˵һ뽭˰æǷ˴Ӧصл
ʮֺ棬˵ڶεŵʱûоֽܾвɷ
οˣ´ֱɣ˵غܣһֱţһûʲôġɷ粻ϲˣֻ˵ҪԼ
ⲻĴʱ𣿡˵
ɷ罫£ȥˣ˵Ҫģū澺齫ˮС
ҲŲҪһ۲ɷ硣
һòĹݺܵҵСŮ㡣
ףһװӺɰ˼ˣЦԽС
ҾͲˣǸˣȥ棬ͳ˼Ʊŵϡ
ʲôҪҰæ𣿡Ʊʵ
¶һص΢Цǰ뽭СҼ£³֮󣬻˫л
⡭ҵúҼҷһҲǰ㣬Сص
ãҾ͵Ƚ˵ĺϢˡ
һƱһ˿Ц˴˺󣬽Ʊ
ǰŵˣƱأ˸ϻӽƱŽȥȻŵ˶౦ϣͷ
΢΢һЦΪƤЩǮҵµġ
ʲôɴ۾
ꡣҪǵ֪Լֵֻ⼸Ʊ֪ʲôģ
˴ȻиԣŮ͸佫ҺͼҡպŮ࣬үͨ˰취ͨ˲ٹؽڣʮ¡
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³ǽԭдŽѻԼƵƵɧţһս£˽ѻͷ
û뵽磬ѺȻ˻ʱŮͥԺѩˣͻȻڴŴϲӭ˹ȥ
~ס֣ż⽫ϵѩȥ˵أʮ־ϲ
Ѹߣ·ͥԺһѩˣһɰʽ𣿡
һҲ䡣ָʵѾˡ
˻صŮ̧ܿˮѵϵĿףѵ·ԡͰˮ衣
뵣ԡͰϱĿڷڼͷĵüĺԽ·߽㿴һͼ
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ôˣǰ϶ûʲô˰̣ȴԽԽˡ
ûʲôС˶ѡѲ
۰ǵ˰̣ϴͷ
ѳĬƬ̣ڵ´Сһ Щ
Ϊѹ˺һֱھӪˣûлпΪҪȵ˰ûٻ
û˵۵һ£ϴͷ
ôڣѳɵʵ
ûش𣬵ͷǣɾ
ˣ
εΡ
Ϥϵͳʾϵͳ˸²ų֣дţ
һӺķᱻˮǺΪԾѡ
1.ķ˵磬Ҿ̹㳤úÿ
2.dabdalcbaodhfh
ȵȣѡôˣһ±Ƶؿ塣


79 
ѡ, עģѡһݡ
⹷ϵͳһزˣ, ˵ԽԽˡ
ѵ, ȥޱ˱úÿ, ǽԼȥ
Ҫϵͳ벻̹˭ˡԭֻΪŽֵܶˣɽϵͳôһ, ԼƺҲϴˡ
, 㲻ڵ, СūµĶҪ⡣
ȻѶʮ˽, һƵ˵ʲôűߵĻ
ÿԼ׼û, ѼƺӦӦ, ʶؾҪˡ

ݵһˮ, ˵ѵڵҺҪɻ𣿡
ǵġѾĬƬ̺ش
һ壬§סͲū𣿡
кκģūпͨ顣Ȥ
ɡҾǳúܺÿԽΣյĿ⣬Ͱ͵磬Ҿ̹㳤úÿ
˵仰, ¶һ޿ı飬ȴѵŭ
ϵأʮƽɱٽղŵĻظһ顣
ҡ
ֶһ£ɥʼҺ˴, ⲻǳͷǧ棬ʵĵףȫÿˡ
˭ģʡ
ڵˡӣԼпûʲôʶˣֻðǰЩŵ
ǡѴˮվӸµؿȥʣû¡

ⲻ̫ðɡû˵꣬ûзؿ˸˵ĳһס۾
ƳһۣײӲϵˮ飬ȡ˽ý·ϣΪ׵
֮Ӧأλ˵ҽ뱾˵ЩȻǹҷ޶˵ĸ飬ǲպǸΪ
˵۰Ͱ͵ؿ·˳Ҫߣŵһס£ɫˣȥɣͷûɣȥȾϷ纮ġ
פͷһ֣ת㾿ȾϷ纮ȥˣҴĻѻ

ɿ֣Ϊô֪ġ
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ҹ˵ȷ˳ǣлţûнпش˹ʹпסˡڳĺˣѾĲˣ©ֻ֮Ҫпش˰ҰѲɡ¶һ΢Ц
Ǿͺá񲻼ãԴҲκأоԼƺЩա
ڴ˿̣ϵͳʾһĻ˸˼£һ֣
ҹķ𺣣ҲΪпݣں֣֮ΪԾѡ
1.ӣݵĵطķ˵磬Ұplay
2.뿪


82 
һԼЩ̵Դ, Լһˮ˼ڵȥ˱Ҫһˡ
ѷճ, һģ, Ķͷ̽һ, üˣʲô½ȥǡūȥȥţⴰ͸, ɱٶ
˵ҹŽѩ˺ܾ, ½, ֻź۵, ֻڴϾ
¹ص°Σұȥȥ뽪, Һȵá
ŵˣ
û, ȥڰ֡
Լֻһ纮, ϵͳ͹ԹԵؿҩԼ塣
Լɲˣѡп˶
ʵڼ֣µΣ, Эūȥ׳ȥ
̫ѩصģֻķ纮ءʱ̼㱻죬ٷ, 硣
Ƭ̺δʱұҪ¡
ϵͳʱȽϾãֻҪʱ֮ǰɾͺáп̫ԶԼַŸգ֪ʲôʱܸϵ硣
֪ﳤӣݣȥ֮󻹵ýȥңҪķѺܳʱ䡣
˿ӦæŽ׼ƽ衣úãҪټһȹȻϵϴ멡϶ñһ¯
ԲñһȦɫë죬ĵƤ԰ףҲһȦ
ΪűˣǱġ
ȵ㽪衣񽫽úú󣬴¯Ĺ๾زС뱭̵Ľŵš
žؽϣ˺żļҺȻһʹ
ͣһ·ſڷɱȥϹŵգ˴Ŷ˦ǰ濪·
ǰˣͣ£ŵĽʿǿԶɱһˣƣìǳ
˾ˣмҪǣЩ·ѵƣ
Ϊ׵Ľʿƣæÿ·ý˳ǡʻŢѩأһ˽ԶȥΪСڵ㡣
һ·һ·Ϲ߰˱ϹޱﻹžСɵ¯ʱѾǺ
õţϾҪפصطˡԳóһʳУ˳ķ¯һ£ڵ뽭š
һѾˣθҲ࣬뷹
һ˵Ӫſʱȸô멣ԵĳнӦһ͵³ٴȾϷ纮
ںδȥ¡巭ʾƣȻ
䲻֪Ҫ£ŲҲҪǼΪҪ飬岻ҵƬ̡
˵䣬񽫽ŵĽʿһ㶣æĩ
ϣһ˼ҴҵѵӪ棬ǡײһ˵һѡ
һϮ£ųԱߵĽ˵ƺʲô£üͷȻš
ڴʱƺܵ˽Ŀ⣬̧˹һ㶡
ǡĽҲ˽
£мϥ
Ů˭ȻʱӪļü
ѿһۣŤͷ˵£˵
ǡղŻɻļ˻Ȼ򣬿ǰʸ߻Ůӣ彭˸ȥ
ԭǾǱûʲô˵ˡ
ôˣҹˣ뿪ǰ˫סؼͷϸһ
յϢҹ͵͵ƵȥпҹɫΧпĺӦͣʹϰĶࡣ
һϢһ޲ɱпȷ¡
һ̧ͷ㿴˴ʱܳȴǰ
û£ǽȥ˵סĸ첲ϡ
Ѷһ۱㿴ȽŲԾһѱһһĽô£
ҹˣ£ͺˡЩڣܾΧĽʿڿ
ӪʺѽŵԼĴϣֱҪȥЬӣñ
ϣæ˻ȥѾϹˣ±𿴡
ԼϲſԭϸÿҽںѿЬӶ̫Ľȥô˼ǰ¶
Ѷؿһɤͳ࣬ø߱ҹʲô
ᵽҹʮ顣
Լѵ˽⣬ǵ֪ԼȥУԼ׷깷ѩŴ˰ҹҪԼһͷ
Ҿѩһѩûʲô¶ӡ
˵ʵѵɫѿǹ˱ӣѾ֪ҹз飬ʵĽζ˵ģ
ô˳һ
ԴСֹ˾䣬Ȼ˵һ顣
ǣҽȥģҲû¡˳ѵ䣬Ͱ͵ذ
Ѻðû˵ӳؿڵ֪£Σ
硭Σһڿˮ
ģЩ°ϾҪĻɽһ
סգȴϣ㻹
ԼˣҪԼпҲô¡

գգ۾ؿÿ°
˾͹һ㡣á
ԼŲأǸֽϻ¡ΪѸٽ½ҹװһµģԹԵر֤ԼһŰԼȳ
ȲҪƽˣҪ˵һ֣µʵ֪⸽ӣ𣿡
ӣͺʢʱڡпϤ֪ʢӣݡ
Ѽ࣬Ҳû뵽ʵһƺЦ⡣
ûѰ¿ĵ˼æ͡
Ҳ֪ԼܹŹ֣ûа취ϵͳ⡣ҪԼ˵Щ߳ܵĻҪҸӣݵĵطһżֳ
пϵ磬ΪӣݣѵüļֱԼһֻӬ
ӣбҪ顣
ԼʲôҪ飬ѵش˵ҪҰplay
ô˵ѿܻϾǾӪ˶ţ˫ʱܻύսæʱԼȻǻ᲻ã˵Լ/
ѿһۣ̾ǽκ˽ȥ;нʿǴΧӣݡ
κȥ󣬽ؽָ̧һʵ£û˵Ķ˵һ͵Ϯ
㷢ӵķ˿ҵ󣬻شȻеġ
Ϊʲôϵͳ˵ϻ𺣣
˺͵Ϯ벻Ŀܡ
˼⣬ѵһֻһ
Ѽڵͷ飬ȥ˰ԣüϵͼָۣ֪ʲô
ﰲ¯ڴϷʱһһţ
¡ѾʿǴˣ֪ӣݡκſʾÿӴһ
۾һæӴվȥ
ִٵڶһɽϣ泤һƬӣݣĩżȥҰ˵ʱ򣬻ῴδӣݡ
һŤͷѵ£Ҫ飬һȥ𣿡
ѷеСģƬ̺Ӧæԭ뿪ġ
ֻǼģ棬ԻѡһΡ
¶һĨЦһȳһյ߹ȥѵߣ²˳٣ھͳ
ѳŵһСȻ˽ԼǣŽûǰ·һ˴æس˾Ӫ
콫˵˾Ӫ˵˵Σ֮ʱ˾ʮĵط񣬾ȴ˼ȥɢǶϷ𣿡
Žԣ콫ԣǳҪ£㲻ڴ˺ﾣ¡
ʲôҪ£ҪʱžȥŽЦҿ¸пɽˮġ
ﾣ£콫ǰһҪν
;һ𲢼սɽѦϵۿʤ࣬üıȡʤѦϵɱܣס˳
Ǻ;ǴӳģｫĽʿǵ˿ŽؿһȺӵܣھ߹ˣ
Ĺƨ콫ŭˣᡱһγеĽὣҪȥһѵȴΧĽʿסˡ
˼
򲻿ɶ֣
Žڱ߹شʮ꣬ھлѾãóȻǻңҡġ
ث֣б¾ɱҰŽһĭ
Ѷ˲֪뿪󣬾Ӫ﷢ĳͻ
ӣصطЩԶ˰ʱɫʱڵɽ
һ̧ͷ㿴ɽƬɫޡҡӣݡЩӣÿз۵ġ׵ĺͺģڰѩɽʮԡ
еҪʲôѵĿƬӣ滬ʽ
ͺͺɽʲôҪ飿
ΣվʢӣԱߣȷûܹԼĻȻ۾һ޿磬Ұplay𣿡
ѾѶŭ׼ˣ˭ˣһͨᲪȻŭǻں˻ʱ
û֪ԼôΪ˾
Щѹɵͷ˰ҲûѵŭƬ̧̺ͷ̽£
ǲ֪ʲôԲŴűģĿֱֱؿɽ£ЩŹ֡
ţ˳Ŀ⣬ؿ˹ȥ
ȵȣɽʲô
ɴ۾ɽһСڵ㣬ϸһŷǺǺ

˵ԼʲôҲ֪
ûв´ĻǸݵĶ顣¶һĨЦ
˱æüͷչŤͷ˵ûǱĸǡ

ڨڨЦЦ·Ķ飬ĵĸǲңǸϵͳ
ûз汾ȥǵˡѽκ˽йԸһȣ˷ܵӦ
ֱѱһ˴Ҵɽ
˻˺ˣǽɽ׮ϣ׷С
˸ܷɽ£ϱ˼űŰѻͻ
ţСġʯͷϣɵص˵ͷ
ЦһϺݺݵһ£ȻӻִϢ·ĺӪ˹ȥ
סԼͷһԼĻǷ׷ŤͷʲôҲû

ҹĹ࣬ɽ棬ֽŶñߵԼʱעɽ
ֱһɱ𣬳ĻðɽǶܿ¶һĨЦ֪ǳɹˡ
ֵһһ˴ɽֱ߽󣬽ɫǣСһ£
§ԼЦˣ
˾ͺáҲ˵Ц
ʱѺȻʵô֪ݵĶӴ˾

Цһ


83 
, ղɽ뱾Ҫ˵ʲôס˫֣§Ϊȥñϵѩ
ԭû
ſ, գգ۾ûʲô, Ҿ˵˵ء
ûͺ, ˵˶ѾϷˣ߳ܵĻǽԼҵضȥ
ô߱ߵκǰɨһ˷ܵؽʿ, лЦ, һ, ׼ȥ
ǣκͷʼ
סϸ˾ٵԼ, ȻԽ⿪ϵǣ
Ȼŵ, Ƭ̺סµ, û˼, ͷһĽʿǣЩεʵ²𣿡
ƺ˶ǣֻԼϡ
֪ǲԼĴܾؽʿǶ͵Լѡ
ɽ·ߣɽűɫĽŶ, ǡ
Щڣ֪Լµ·Ļһȳһգϡ
㻹ûشղŵ⡣ͣͷŽؽ, ׷ʸղŵ顣
գգµػش
˵𣿡ü
ǡ֪ԼһĽͣʾ֭ɡ
ҲʱͷȻԼ˵ҽţԴ뵽һؽ͡
£һ˵ˣҹҺץ˺˵ĻӡЦеҹҶڼɽ͵˺ĻӺµļƻ
Ⲩͼֱû֪Լѡ
ֵؿһۣüʵĻ֪ɽӣݣ

Ҳȥķӡ
ҪȥʺˣҲ֪ڨڨЦƫͷװΧķ羰
ɽϸ䣬ХţΧããһƬֻŭ˵ĽŲ
͵ش˸磬£ǿȥɣҺЩ纮
ؿһۣûټ׷ʣǣɽһȺߵɽţŷӪɱȥ
𴵷ˡѸ·Ȼ˹ԼĻ˦űӼӿٶȡ
һϣѵüëȾˡãѩһȺɳ۶ֻһӡѩϡ
ѹֵ۰ǿɲܽ˵ݸһѻˣϻ۵ŮӣҲǵϣ
ԶԶ׹ںĽʿǿѶ˵ӰŽҹ˺ݵ˷ܣһһ
˵ĶԣղûУ˺˵ĻӣģȺɧôãڿԳڶˡ
û֧ţȺﻹôţ
κں棬Եصһʹ·׻Ҳһܻ˺ˣ
֪Ⱥ׹ںڴԼĲʺƨůĻסᣬʱʱһ±飬ٲȥҾҪѱ鶼Ĩˡ
ִ˷磬Դκأһֱ
ѰɾԼҪǰѱĨϣоܻᵱԼ϶ȥ
ͷ̵̽̽㽫˱һЩ̲סĨȥ㡣
ԼⰮ࣬ϲŮӽЩԭ綼ϴˡ
űУ̫ˡ
ΣֻܼӿٶȸϻؾӪ
صӪʱҹɫŽԾ£첽ԼӪʣһȥҽ
ַˣѽŵϣȲͮͮûɵѵļϣæ²ˮʵ
֣ü
е㷢ȣûþˡŶͷػش𣺡ûʲô󰭣ֻǴ緢˶ѣСֵġ
㲻ϧԼӵģѽϣñӽ˹
ִ˸磬˵
ҽܿˣλãžҽ洫һ
˴粻ߣпʱ̾²취콫ʿУŮӳӪ˧˶Ϸֵܷϣ
һӪſִҪǿѵӪʡ
ŴӰҪ˲ɣӪʣҴκγָ
˧ܣпްΪеǰŮ˴Ӫ˻֮ˣΪ˧ŴӰſЦ
Ϊ˧Ųǧ׷׺
ѵʹ뿪
û뵽Լ˰գѡ˧ģԼظѡ
ɫԽأҰȥŴӰ
ŴӰԭפĽ򲻷Լ֮£ŲӾվ˧ӪǰѰ£Լˡ
ϵĽÿ˳ȥ
о̲ǶϷеĵҲŮ͸ĸ֮ˣȻӾΪɽΪĸŮ뾣λͣ
϶λͣ
κ콫Ļðɣ޲ʹŴӰ֮ʱѴӪ˳
һɫվӪǰĿյϣڵһһɨŴӰϡ
ŽԱ
Įû˵Ļȴ޶˵ؽһŴӰδ뵽ԼһëͷСǰ¶ӣ˶
ЦˣγŽϵĺʵ˧Լ䣿
䲻֮ȴϵҹƾӪвŮӣΥŴӰȻ
ǡЦ֪ҹʲôȥ𣿡
ʲôȥˣŴӰЩ
˽ס˺ݵĶ飬һѻ𽫺˵ݶոɾˡѸֵϢбŮӡ֪ͨġ
ܣŴӰţһ鸾֪˻ܵ顣
ǻ֪ҹΧпĻӴŰпϺͱȥǱ˳һ¡ӵӦͣڴΣͷŻºĻӲ׽סп
򣬽к³λ֪
Ȼ֪ġпƣռп󣬱㳹׽Χô֮ǷֿҲǱΧ
üǺпİհ
ŴӰļ¶֮ɫ׷׵ԴϥµĩͿ𷣡
ǾŴӰĻ϶»ܣŮ˽Ӫ֡
ºѹĶһΣȽɫࡣ
ĩǴ
ƤӣŴӰŵؼĸ
ĩ֪𷣡ŴӰҧѹ۵׵Ĳʡ
㲻ϴΪûĹ㡣˽ͨйźȥпͼҡģ㣿
ŴӰ͵̧ͷ
ۣеĳѾţٶȿûзӦ
ô֪ѰγýϵѪؿΪ̫Դ󡣡
ΪԼģŪҲԸεزԼǲʿľԼôô컳
ŴӰĸһѵЩ££ƾ޾ɱ͢٣
֤ݣζЦˣƫͷȥ֤ó۾
ǡÿӽӪʣܿһӳվǰ򿪣ֻżš
ʮŴӰѦϡżȫڴˣǲֻһһؿѽӵѩѩĵմѪӺĴۡ
˶һۣµӢ
ЦһûἸˡ
ڴʱŴӰӿѪݺݣƺҪȴ͵ؿ䷢պյ
ͨһѩĿѪȾ˵ϵѩ
Ѧϵ𣬰һֱ˽ͨй˴κϢпûƮƮǰּвߣն֮
ڣɻ˲
Į˸Ӧ
Ѽˣ˹ؽؽʣκϳȥιǡ
ǣκӻ֣ʿǰŴӰʬȥ
Աڡ򡢷ˡ˶ٵȥնˣ
£ĩԩŹµŴӰĸŵؿ
ѷû콫΢΢ףʱˣǻȥЪŰɣһ½ʿУȱ
ǡ
ƿٽʱűڴϣһţû˵
ߵǰͷ̽һ£ôŵˣ
ǽĴܾйѪζԴҡظ˹ƵģûУǡǾЩ⡣
ԼһֱãȻ䣬Ըȴû뵽ԭҲ˹ʱ
ԴʧЦ⽪˯ٲգͽоҽӵ
ֹ̬һűӽĽһȥ
ɫѾ磬һ࣬ҽҩ˺󣬱ڱ˯˹ȥ
Ѽˣӻֽ£ߵԱ¡
ɵϣ㷭ϲ˲䣬˸λü˯
ͷһǣӣҲ۾
ڶգûգʱԺۿһֳ˯˹ȥ
һ˯磬ѵʱĶͷûôˡ
ʲôʱˣأʵɤɳƣ˵
Ѿˡҩ˸˵ľӻûӪʣǺˡ
มҩֻ꣬ĺܣֹһˮ
ùźľ࣬ΪûкȫӪ￾񻹴ӻ﷿һЩӣڻ¯ӳԡ
˰ȻһŽȻһ˻ŶһеӾϲǵǻˣ
һץϱ첽˳ȥ
ߵӪſڣ㿴ѴմѪۣʿǴӵߡ
ӭšüͷ첽߹ȥúӪʲô
´ʤ𣿡ûᣬֻ˷ܵʡ
ѿɫ˷ܣ̲סҲ¶һĨЦ⣬׵˽ɾѾɢӡ
ϲ¡סҾ֪һʤ̵ģ
ӮףѰ׾ȫѪۺ࣬ϵĿҲãΨһ
ס飬ѻصӪ˴ˮ԰ԡ
ϣ˺ü˿ڣ䶼ȴۡ
԰ҩ˿ڣȻϵ´һһۻˣϿЪϢ
ѿЦãȴûз
εΡ
һ㶣ʶ̧ͷȥ壬ȴʲôҲûСڴʱԴȻһʹǰһڱ㵹ȥ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


84 
ιȥʱ, ɫʧ룬һ˷ԳֵһѱסԼŵغԼ֡
ָʶʱ, ²ۡ
ϵͳ첻, ֪Ż, ԼĴ󱦱ųʲôˣ
ҪлᣬһҪ
εΡ
ǵ˵ϵͳʾʤ븹ϵͳ, ͷԼһ״̬
ʶ, ۡ
۾, ض죬Բ۾, ܿϵͳϵݡ
ڻԾϵͳΪϵͳ⵽, İֵѴﵽ氮, ҪйԾ, ʶһ磬ʱʼ1098

Լϸһ顣
ÿʶһԼͲʶ, ʲôǰһ磿
ѵ˵ԼҪȥܶܶ磿
ԼϵͳһƱϵͳôп촩趨ϵͳӣ֪ʲô촩ϵͳ
˶ˣûʲô׳־ȥӡ
ԼһҲ̰, ֻҪӵѾͺˡ
³һҲȥ簡񺰣ȴֹϵͳһʱ֡
3210һ硭
Բֻۣͣǰ󷢺ڣһת֮ǰһɫعΡ
Ȼһɵǰһڳʧȥʶ
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ǱŵˣһܳΡ
ԹߵؽǶȣԼιȥһ˯ѣ򣬶ûܰԼѡ
һһ򣬱ʹرԼ壬Ѫ˿ˮ۽ǻ䡣
òãָԼϸ鰧ˡ
ٲس˾ͰѩСȥˡ
̬ҧгݵ
ȴ֣ѸԼ
˯ˡɳƣĵˣʱȴ硢˿ңһģ
ƵأЩҪȥѵգοԼ£ȴԼôҲˡ
һתһλǰһ۵§ѵĸ첲Ц㣬İɣһչ˺õºѩġ
˵ţһŽѩ˳ȥ
ЦԱߵҲĮؿѩ
ˣķãҺϲѵĻָţżȥ
ˣ
˯ˣèǿ벻̣һ۾
ȵȣ
ȻԼʧȥʶ֮ǰϵͳ˵ֵǰһ
ûеƣΧڵģգգЩɬ۾ƿӴӴ
ڵ֮ȸԼ״
ӣߵԣֱߵĲȵģԼһˮһ๾غȥ
֪⸱ôˣɤӻƵ
ˮԺſ˹ȥҪûˣ˽һԼĿǰ״
˳ǽſڣ׼ȥʱ򣬺ȻһȵĶ
Ҳû룬ʧҲûתȥ
飡һϥײԱߵĵϣ۵ᶼ쮳ˣһ
ڰУſڵ˺ȻˣƺЩš
һ㶣ɵغ£
ʲôԼӦǴԽôҲ
ˣƣѸȻǰ§˻ˣ
⻰ʲô˼ѵԼ˯˺ܾ
ڻɵؽַŵĺ󱳣ġ
һѵĸ첲ȻڻɳƵ𣬡Ϊ
Ϊʲôգգ۾
Ϊ㲻Ҫˡ֪ǲǴȻ仰˿Ͱ͵ĸо
⴫һŲһȻһ͵˶ϣϲˣ
ôҲڣȵȣѵԼûдԽ
ѵĻ˳һΧԼпլӡ
ûԽɵ
˵ʲôѴסգһʧõؾϲ
ûʲôüһ²ǵԭ򣬵ԼûдԽɹ
ллأûгɹ
̧ͷűѳ
֪ΪΣÿı飬һֲظо·Լһ硣
ðԵСֹ˼ϵͳΪʲôֹϵʱ򣬺ȻͿ˫Ѫ˿ӡ
һ࣬۵һƬںƣƽʱ°Ҳɫ硣
ôˣһָۣա
ҡҡͷסû˵
𣿱ȥЩˡһգҲգԭؿãȻֽ§ԼĻ
˵ãһ˵ԼĶӾͶˣ๾סԼĶӣ˼˵еˡ
ѵЦߵߺ˷£Ӹȥ
ԹԵţܿͶˡ
ͷϣһһֻԼǸξסѵʵ£˯˶ð
۽һպʮա
ôãȵ
漴۵׵ڣЩھεԲ𰡵£㵣ˡ
Ȼ֪ԼԵЩģֻģ֪й֮޲
ֻεĺؾͱȽˣҲ֪ǲԼ˼ҹΣȻһ׵Ρ
ֻΣġ
ղű֮󣬱ȡ֣ǿĺѪ˿Ϣˡ
šû˵ʲôֻḧ㷢
һʳнˣеؿһ۽󣬱㽫ʳз˳ȥ
ŰɣѴʳУóһ࣬ӽ˽ҨһӰιߡ
ƳһۣʵûбİҲ԰ࡣ
㣬СδʳֻȳԵࡣѷգʲôԽг
̾һ͵Լߵİ࣬һȥ
εΡϵͳʧܡװУ⵽Ҫ°С
ҹԿٵصʱѺͽ˶΢΢һ١
һӺΪɲΪԾѡ
1.˵Ůˣֻ壬ⱲӶᰮ㣡
2.ԭص

Ϥ·Ϥ˹ϣܲܽԼһܰ
üͷšѣ¶һֻر顣
ٺ٣ͦڴġ


85 
˵ʵ, ϵͳɧû뵽ġ
ջڵģϵͳûԼ촩ɹ´ͻȻðҪԼȥһ, ôԼֿˡ
ں, ϵͳֱӰ󶨵, ԼܿϷֲûк֮ˣֱ
Ժ᲻ȥ촩ʱȷ취
ڿϷ뷨, ϵı, װʲôҲû, ɻؿһѵ£ô
ܰ, ţ˵ӰǽϺ, ѵĲӰ, ʮֹŹ֡
գգ, ŴЦҪԼų԰ɣɫЩõӣǲЩûϢãҪҪЪţ
£ֻǺȻЩδѻЦһ, Ȼιࡣ
ҪµĻȥæź򡣡
ҡҡͷһҨһ͵ߣһü˼ղԼԺֵǵԼԱƾճֵĶ
ƺûʵ, ڿУ滹дһС֡
ϸ֣üͷֱšⶫǺȻ˵ԼһӺɲҪ뱣סԼͱ˵Щ˵Ļ
ǣֱ޻̸֮
¶һ˿⣬Ȳ˵Լӿ̫ҽ˵Լ඾壬ٷ˵˵˵ĻԼǾġ
ŹֵĶ뷽ԼǸӦͬһĶǹԼİڲŪ
һ꣬տȻƺϵͳϣԼЩż
Ҫǲ񣬴Ҫġ
£ôôĬ˵˵𣿡ùţԶˮڣȻط¡
ţѽؿڣƬ̵Ǳ

ǺѪ˿ӣ㬵ˣ㻹ǺúϢɣ
ô񰡣
ѵǾϵͳƭˣҪҪЮԼ
ԼҲģܿͱЩûģŵˣͽԹִС
һ˵һϵͳһŵģֻҪͻᱣ֤Լƽ¡
ϣЩѡ񣬷򷢲˻ܵġ
ĹػЦЦʮᡣں˳ͷỺֻۣҪ¾ͺá
֪ΪΣ˵仰ʱ˵Ĺ죬ͷƤĸо
ʶоߵλõǵ²ۣɫ㻹˯һ
áӦ£ûоܾ
ɵϣԾعĻ˫ֱסϸԲ£㵣ˡ
ѳĬƬ̣ս첲űˡ
ԲѵСԼѰпĴȴÿһ˵ΪλԲѡ
ĸоҲپһΡ
ȻЩۣѰοҲˣ㱣֤
ѵĺ͵Ӧһ
εΣϵͳδѡ񣬻ʮڣѡ񣡡
ϵͳصƺڷ𾯱ߴѡ
ʱʼ2928
̧ͷɫȻɷףסԼŴڴʱҪιȥһ
һæסѣҲϾٹ˼ԼոҪϷģæʵ£ôôѡ
˵һ룬ͷԼ漸ôҲ˵·Ǳһ
ͬʱԼֺȻ̧ضԱߵ壬³һѪ
1098
£
ӲˣЩѡ񰡣
ȹϵʱǰȻʧˣѵҲҲƽ
ϰϵͳϰߵĽ֪Ѿѡ
һԼӳɾԱߵѪȻҪ´ȥˮڡ
ȴסˣĿްҧгݵֻ壬ⱲӶᰮ㣡
ԳΪϵͳĶ˰ԵȻ˵ԼᷢķôаŵĶѵǺԸԼ
ֻΥĶ˵⻰
Ҳ֪Լ鷿ǺΣܲܽ

ձŵֺȻ⻰Ū÷ӦֻŵŶ֪ˡ
ţѴԥƬ̺ʵǲû˵ʲô

žԼķӦ̫Ȼȫûʹࡣ
գգӣȻӵؿյ£ʹĿҪˣΪʲôҪЩ㲻ܺң㲻ΪҰңҵĿҪϢˣ˭Ѿңһңа𣿡

ץסֵ͡
ҲҲ﾿𣿡շҡͷҰ㰮ĺʹ㰮ĿҪˣ˵㲻ңһʲôȥɣ

˵ˣһҲûޱ
ԭԼĻڿԼˡ
Լܵزģٿ޵һҲ
ΪˣգۼĹôĻ
һ£ʶĨһԼ۽ǣֹûһᡣ
Ѿʹ޷ѹᶼˡһ¶һѹı飬ҵĺʹǲйˣ

֪أѿı飬һЦĳ嶯
£ˣĹ㲻ңҲԲȫͱŮˣİɣǿһץסѵ֡
˵ѿԼ֣һѾݼҲ̫˵㡣

Ƭ̣ɴ۾ȻըëѾˣ㼯ôྭ̨ʣôͼˣ˵
Ƴһۣ赭дΪ͵Ц
ô𣿡ŤŤʡ
ޱ飬С
Щ㬣Լİ˹С˲ȻѸʶˡ
ͦͦظҿ޵ļ٣㲻Ӧ÷˼˼Լ𣿾ȻһŮ˵Щǲ̫ûƷˣ
û˵˰ɣ
ؿһۣ㲻ҲֻǲŶˣһ𾺼ۣ˵Ҫһǧӡһһǧӵļ۸øӡ

ôҪ水һһǧĻѾҵ
ȿȡһ˭Ҳ˵˭ˣһʹɣ
ףΪȻ
Ƕ˾ôؾˣ׵Ժ
ȵ˼ȥ֮ŷǲﲻԾԼҪ鷳ôͱԺأ
ڴ죬ܿͻؿµˡҲǿ£ÿ˯𣬰ʱһͣ˺˴һ
񣬲ɷǵˣأĲˣԼǰ飬㽫еԼѯʡ
¶һĨЦɷϵ˲أվܼźˡᰣջԹȥʱ˱ڳҵ
û°ɣ׷ʡ
ֺܺãǼڳתȦȦû˵˸ӡ
һ°͵ˣץסǸĻأ
⼸ѾһֱûܳȥתƣҲ벻£ֱǣԼլﻹһĻӵ
Ѿǧͷţǧƥȥˣյ顣ڼһһˣΪݲ㣬ŴǬԱ
ǬӾаǬԱζű߹صİհȫõ˱ϣҲõĺ˻ʱصɱˡ
̫ˣ
ϹԽ𣿡˵һȻһŴ
ûϹࡣ
Һþû㣬ˡߵſڽ˽СԼߵϣ¯
Ϲգգ۾ˮأϹҲˡ
ԹұпĴΪʶ˶֪ˣԭϽլסŵĽˣʵǾµ
ϹȻСǺܴŮ˽˵ʱŸ˳ƺ
ۡСԴ
Ϲɵ̧ͷԼ½ҸղһֻСè͸㡣
ſĻһֻССè
ֲղŽʱǰҵأԼʲô
èҲǹɣôͣȻһҲûй
شﱧèŷһֻ´СèཱུأצԼʱԴӳСһԲ򣬿ɰˡ
~èڽˣһָ
ÿɰ
۾һ޲ýСèױٸ߸ߡ
ϲ͸Ϲ¶һɬЦݡ
ȴ˼СèȻ̾һˣȻϹСèϹԼɡ
ʾǼиԴ׵ģԭԼѩʹ׾ĲˣҪ֪Լèɲ
ֻҪÿʱͺˡȻãԼڱС˶
Ϲĸ粻ߣôĺûаȫУһֻСè߻úܶࡣ
áϹԹԵͷ
Ϊ¼һֻСèϹȥӣϹСèèѣȻгè˶СèǰèķֺСè˺ܾãػݡ
صݣѸպôһһ·ȥתת
Ҫȥ𣿡գգ۾
ʱǱԼԪڡ
šѽݻ·
ȥһɫۣ֯ҲŻһϴ멻ϲϲسȥˡ
˽ϣŻƵĺͯԵ̻ſڶŵкü̻ſڰ˲ٻƣھвµյĻ
ѹһ·ȵȺмʱѾһյƣҲһյ
һֻӵʮֿɰһҲϡʲôÿһյӵƣ߸һòˣҲֵסΧŮǿȵ
кü׳ĺҲϸһĨ졣
תתȻҪý֪ˣǲǲã
ĻΧ˵Ŀ˲ˣüﶼĵؿѣ·Աߵʱһ

ѴץסֵûϵղڼҡӰ÷ȥ
ʱѵҲͶ˱ĵĿ⣬ҡͷ°֪ܣ

סѵĸ첲˵ϲεЦһ˼ϲǺҷЦġ
ϲɵؿ˶һۣȻЩš
ʵֹʵҲҷҪ
ϲֱˣζÿѣ¶һڵı顣

ǳһ£סֿ첽ǰȥǵýòСŸϣôʲô
̣ȻǳδúõѵСӡЦһ


86 
̬һ, ˲뵽ԼĳpoĸֽСӵСhġ
ͦϲġͣһ۷ۺһû
һ, ֱ׳㲻֪, ôСﶼڸ, ƵģԼ֪ע⣬ܽ뷨𣿡
ķӱﱾ𣿡ǣִȺ
ֵԵ̻ſڸ߹ŵһɨǰΧʱǷϣϲ, ŮǶ͵ˡ
ɵЦһ, ֹҵѵ²ֻһ˿, Ҳʵ

ԽԽ쿪ˣΪһ, ǱһŮӲӶˣ
ǳϵ, Ѳδ, Ǿģ׾ؿɰ
غͶһСʯ, ΢΢һȻҪؽϽһס
ҹɫãʵҹзǵ㣬·ԵصƹͶڶ, ͷһѣݰᣬ絶ȻɵЦ
£˵ôôأȴԺ, ԸרһȫһŴˣԼһӣҡ
Ѵһ̣ĲʺƨȻ²ּӿЩǵýСԹ
߿㣬㺦ߡߵǰѽ˱ζ
˲䶮ˣƵĶ㵽ĻװԼ˯ˡ
գլſͣѻȹͷҲصСܽլ
εҡͷЦЦ˹ظ˽ȥ
ҵſڣųճյؿŷŵһĻ۵һ˿Ľ
Źûƭˣ²󣬻Ŀ˫һӡ
뵽ĨЦݣ̲סĨЦǶԼģǸöð
㣬ǾǾ𣿡͵ƹıǺʵ
һ˿ȻҲǰɣ
ĸǴڽլʱ򣬾ûдɼ£סֵžֻǸС֮ŮΪ˲ż޸µġɽҹһƣ⾣̬ӣǵȾ˹
˵ĸ·Ҫ£ܼ޸㶨ܱȾӵþġ
ԽˣԴСɱ˵ˣûӰ¶
һ˿ĻȴԽܣôûӰĿɱǾÿˣǸӣӦ֪˭һЩ
ǰĸ׻֪ݵʱ뾣£ʹ£¾ܾˡЩʧ䡣
ǴĸȥլȻ·ĸһֱ˵ھǸͷһζûСԼȴǵãԼլйǸŮϴһˮɫõӡ
Ǹȳÿˡĸ׺ٸԼΣƽֻмܴ͵Ρ
ֻˮԼؼסˡ
ĴѰβ֪ԭλ˾ǾԼҲףǸŮΪοԴôõˡ
ֻΪŮشͼЩŮĹˡ
֪Ǿ¾ܵģǾܵأǴ¶һĨ⣬ǾƶʣԼĳ谮û˵Ҳĸɵɵˡ
𣿡Щɣ뵽ǸŮϵӣԼǸߴӰȼϣ
ǿľګıã۵һ˿ʣƾʲôл޸£ԼȴҪһҰ³ľ˼ҡ
һǵġصͷ
ûע⵽еĶ⣬¶һǳǳЦݣһŮģǱҵæҸô죿
ȻҪþ¼㡣ǳıߵ뽭լھӣŰݷӦŵĴˣһȥܻµġģҪ̸·͵ȥˡ
˺ܾãصͷãͰ˵
ЦˣػԸӣǲһȥݷþҿһȥʱ뾣˵취뾣档
лл㡣ж
֪ſڷ飬һ·СŽݣԼյգԼ׼ϴˮ
ôһ˻ˣأڸСèСӣҴҵؽݣΪ޶Ƣ
һˮϣЪЪūȥ̧ˮ
ˮ๾غ꣬ںϾͻˣȥгҹеˡ
ڽʲôҲûԣЩˡ
ǡӦ£Աߵ߿߳ȥˡ
ѽݵʱ򣬽ڴµϼװ飬͵һۣȻһؼװԼڿ顣
ſ꣬ôԱ£ֽе˳ۺƵǰ

µؽ鷭˲ٿһ𣿡
ԡҲֻؿϣЦЦؿ

סԼգЩŤʣһֱңְ
ѳŶͷζȥ͸ûˡ
Ϸͦġ
ӲСҪ飬͵ˡ
ȴ뵽ʲô˰ֳǱӣⷭ£ȻǶŮӢĹ¡
ֲá齫˱Ƶȥ
£ˮѾˡڴʱŮ˷š
Ѷ˶ˣȥ
ǡŮӦһܿˮ뿪ˡ
һۣѵŵôＱ
㲻ü
Լһ£ͬҲһ¡
ĬƬ̣סĲӴյĶС
Ѻһߴ߽˷£ȻڴǰĿƵضֽ̧⿪Լӵ˵ϡ
ŵϷ۵һƬīɫŨƺܽȥӿ죬򴽡
ȻϲǲԴ𷽲Ǳӣ˽

ŷ֣֪ʱⱾҲˡ
ɣѺϾ
˰ɣǻİɡһ˵ţһС
ģģӰ졣Ѵ⿪ָļ
̬̬һš
ɫȴɲŪţ̲ס޿طǱ飬ؿʼ㡭򣬽Ҫ 㡭
Ѻһȥ
쵰ţԼˡ
Ϊһʤ̣֮ǬԱ¶£ڱϢ
ʶѿʱȥӪп㽭
ڶţѺͽڴµ϶ģڽĴ׼ʱϹȻˡ
ҴСˡϹ̽ͷ̽ԣСȽˡ
~Сè̽һԲԲԴ彭һ
ѺȻɫһ䣬ؿСèֻèģ챧ߣ
ͣЦΪѶԵӵϹൽߣСԴ£²㡣
²ϲСҰߡ˵ţϹҪµء
һѽ̻Це²ǲϲСèǰѴ̳Ӵˡ
̳ӣϹɵʣûŵζ
̲סЦСèĿѡ
ѱƽ㲻ѩСôֱè
ѩŲԴסҡͷԵѩҵҵİ¹⣬Сèҵ»һҲìܡ

ѿֱ׳ˣֱҪЦˡ
Ϊ˹˼¸ܣѾСèϹԼֻƽʱСèһڣһǴؿѣ£˷Ҫһ㣬ôһֻɰСè䶼ݲأ
šüûҪͱôͲˣ
ֻһ㣬
סһ֪
ҹŰݷáڶɵĻʱŽ
ңЦ
ǼǵùϷ飬Ȼ˵ˣǹӦ˵ġ
ɣСèϹ໳ḧָģ
ȻпãǱȥ鷿ˣټ塣
ճţպ˴˸棬Ƕ˿ǵߴӰʱ͵©һģæͷ
СŮӼ¡
Ƴһ۶ˣšһ̧Խ˶ˣ·ֻǿʲôèһ
󣬿ʧڴź½ǣȻЩȻ
ͱ˵ЩһûۿԼ˵Լ˵ˡ
λǡŮĻѶˣ΢죬æӦһ
˽ݺ󣬿ϷĽֻ̬ǧ˲ֱӣ֮ǰõĻˡ
λŰݷãʲô飿յʵ
ӵϴʹ͸СŮӵĶ̫أСŮвȴûʲôöֻ³һЩ͸Ҫ
һ㶣漴Цˡ
ͼѾǰˣлҲδ̫ǣǿ˰ɡ
㽫ϣ㲻֪˵ʲôˣָԽԽ졣
һֻ֣Ϊ͸
ʱǿһۣЩɸ֣ͷ彭Цɫ㣬һȻ鴫СŮи֮룬ܹӦ
˵ûӦ
С̧ͷСŮӼ˴Լ֪ɷѧϰһ
СŮӼѾ£аҪɻˣմմ⣬˲赹ˮŮպҲܱҸ߿һۡ
Ů㲻ˣҪѧأҿ԰ߵŮ¡ܡ
Ƕ˶ŮӣԼ˲׵Ůȥǵ׺ѵ׻ҪҪˣ
ˣͷߵĽ㡣ǳǳЦСŮӶ˾סڣֻҪÿչѧϰǡ͵ǶСѾߣᡣ
վ˼ҵĹŮɺͳϹԴֵ˵ЩڸҲ㡣
⻰˵ֱӣֱһЩ롣
ɡǻ˵ЦŴĻʱˣҾͲλˣͿ͡
СŮӾͲˡǲĵ˳ȥ
û뵽˳ȥʱ˻ѣʱһ㶣˸
ôֻˣͣʵ
ĵýϲҶԽĵŮѻԸ˵ģø
ҪˣѾ᰽ȥˣ»ĸɡ񹧾ص
šףԽȥ
ڴʱҧҧһȣֱֱѵĻﵹ˹ȥ
üһѸһԡ
һţʵʵˤ˵ϣֻ촽һʹһѪζڿǻ
㣬û°ɣæǣػĿ

һͷ㿴˵ŰԼҲĵʹ޲ιȥ
ôվվȡؿһۣתӡ

סЦ⣬Զ˵λūгҩǽ˿һ£ҩٻؼҰɡ
л㡣ǵл
ҩ˴ӽլɰ㣬ô죿
ãһձ˾£ǾȴûԼһۣñˡ
ǽסֵҾ֪ƶʣǸ˵ġûϵ޸½һ꣬ȴûһŮһżġ
ȻвͨǾֻܴӱĵطˡձǿش˶Ȣ׵ӣʱײײǡ
ǰŸ̤ݣϵͳʾ㡰εΡ
һӺᱻҭΪԾ˵
1.˵񶾵ŮˣõҵˣҲòҵġ
2.ԭص


87 
Ī仰Щ, ȴ˵֣ѾʶԳϵͳĶֻǱԼ˵ЩֵĻ, Ƭ̺, ѡһ
ݺ, ſϿ飬ôһĹͻˣһ׼ȥԷأ
һڵ, ö
ǵ», Ѿ, ϲӣ³ȥ鷿˵ŽԼĿˮ, ˳㻹һǰϵͳ塣
̲ۡסЦˣԼζ黰, ¼, ϵͳһ
Ϊϵͳ, ЩĲɣҲûעΪηЦ
һ仰Ҫ˵㲻ҪƬ̺󿪿ڵ
°˼Ƭ̣գգӻЦǿҪ˵ʲôˡ
ˮת, Լ˵Ļֵ˵ˡ

ǰЩӺΪ˻ǵĻӣ˲ٶ뱾ʯѳĬ
ϸָ£ǺĻץ, ЩӦҲҵģôҵĶң
Ҳˣ˼Ƭ̵ֻèˡ
ѩ򱦱ˣСèٺҲŅ̧̀°ͣΪм

ܿڹΪԼ
̧̧ƤӣʲôҲҪˣǱֱ˵ˡ
ѳĬ죬񶾵ŮˣõҵˣҲòҵġ

Ϊʲô˵Щ߳ܵĻȻԼ̹ȻѵΪǸɧ
ЩƣȻûпľȡ
漴תתӣȻ뵽ʲôԽмİֹסѵ°ͻЦûϵҵõӾˡ

Źֳ֣㲻
Це
Ѳ˵ˣ
ôǰӻ֣Դһû㷴ˡ
ˣҺ㡣ֳڰϣֱӽƷѵͷģҲΪ֪˵ѡ
֪ɫüʵ
ԼЦϾôɰôֵܵסҵأ

ʧЦһ¡ȻĴԼں˵ЦȥҲãһȥ飬Լϵͳô¡
£źˡ
֪ˡӦһסѵ֣һڵȥԷ˵¡
Ѻһȥ˱һˮ֣ǽȴҪѼһϴ껹Ѳע⣬Լʪ浽ϡ
֣ȻǳˣʵȴЦ⡣
صӳףΪȻյһգԼױãֻһȴͷȹѴźһͬȥ˿ظϡ
˵ʱѾȥӭˣϾҪˣغͿطԽӭºԡ
οؿˡ΢΢һЦκ⽫Լĺϡ
л¡οعֵСӭ׻δº¹ٽݺȱƣ
ף뽭һ˿ظ
ǽһпŮм¶棬ͶѾã˵ˣ׷׿ſڡ
֣ǰһֻλȲļΪÿλ޾ʮְ䡣
֪Ǹѵһӣȴ֪ԭǾҲǸеļˣ󣬿ط˵ĳϱЦطе
ûŮ˲˷ԼҲ⣬ϷǶڿһģΧһֱ֡
һȺ߲ȵ͵ˡһԶԼֵŮסĸ첲ˣӦǾϯˣǿȥ
ⲻװɡƬ̡
ڿظô࣬ҪǱ֪˻ᶪ˵ġ
ȥԺ뾣Եˡǰֻ˵ȥȥ
һ˿ᣬվһС˵һԼҪȥ£ȥˡ
˵԰ʱ򣬼ܿһˣļ
GǱߣĸ첲ָźͤط˵Ȼ˹ȥ
δǰͱκסˣλֹڴЪϢλȥ
СŮҪ£ͨһȻˣȻǲģһۺͤطСŮǰȥլݷã뾣˵仰
˼κŹֵؿһۣȻתȥ
£ŮҪ
Ѹո³ȴ콫»㱨פ̸ͤü
Ѱôһ涼ϣ콫һر飬˲ˡ
ڶ࣬ڵŮӴܾԱ㲻ΪҪĮ
콫ü
˼ҵµģң콫źЦЦ²ϼˣѵǼкӶʨ
Ѵһ̣ࡣ
Ǹ̳ӣҪԼŮʲôҲû¶ҪԼͷ޶
¶һ䣬ѾʮһϥȴһŮβ˳ˮأ콫һ۶ŮҪ֣Ҳֲʲôˮʱͺˡ
¶ã콫ûжŮֲԭ򣬿ҲĺӣҲϡ
콫һ㶡
ûɣ·ŵ˼˵ԼУ
ˣ㲻عܡѸߣ㸮һһ㣬ҷǧпɲǿһһ檵ġ
֪檲쾭𣿡콫ߡ
üһʱ벻вŵĻȴǴﲻͬ
ԵŮᲢۣԵŮ֬ζŨŤŤأԸɰá
˵Ż߳ͤӱȻһе¡
ѽŲһ٣ŤͷǺһۣǶ˻δߣ
㣬̧һ콫ЩߺյСŮл˵֪ɷ񷽱㡣
˵콫¸ǡ
üһȻµ׹˵齻вš
к£ƤӣЩ͡
򴽣Լĺɰóߴӵ͵ǰССŮӸ˸ɰ¡
ʱŮӸͶ㳣Ǻɰٶ˼ʮס
üѾȢѵ֪
СŮ֪ɬСŮݱ΢δһϸ¡
һϸ£ЦһᲢۣ
Ƕ˶δ޵Ůӣȴ˸±ɰǲ֪߳ܡؿǸɰȻѾ֪ͱɰ𣿡
ΪΪ檣ҲûУ
ǣСŮֻõ¡ɫһס
ñΪñʡ
ţȻһʱ
ΪݣЦҪѣα˵ôûʡ
СŮӲǡǺ졣
ѿһ۵żΣ뱾Ǵδ˵ϲȨƸǾϲ
ǳ۵
ۿһ죬ϵĺɰϣȻܿˣԥƬ׷ȥ


88 
ûһ, 㴫һЦŮСܽһЦصӵſ, ǿȥǰԺ񡣡
, ǿȥӡϯС, ȹӺС֣˳ܡ
ȥඣ
˷׷Цسϱ彭Ҳ£һͬȥ
ѽֵģ, һȥǰ濴ӡ
һȺ˶ǰԺ, пͺŮһ, Ц̵ؿԼӭ˽
ò, Ըÿ, СغǻΧ, ׷״Ц
, 񣡡ʱ֪˭һžһʱ죬һ
뽫ԼĶסŵһϤѩ, δüͷסˡ
ô⣿СָĴ棬ͷźÿȻЦü䣬ʵ
Ҳ֪ûֻԼһ, 漴ԼԴ˹ȥǰӡ
˺ܾãһֱ˽аıݣŽͣſڵǺɫֽڵһ̺ʹеıζȻ˸磬ߺյԷſˡ
ûЩǽȥǰҪͷһ
ŵ𣿡ƽջָ֣
ҡҡԴûŵֻǺȻǵʱҲô鷳𣿡
Ѿǵö˳ʱ飬ֻǵԼĺ磬ľżһŪֱʱ·ǿЪ
ǺֱͻȻðϵͳԼȴɱŵðһҵڣһˡ
üͷšίˡ
޸ԼʱԳϲ޹ģ¶׼ĺܴҴ٣ˡ
̾ίǻͦźġ
ѡšһӲ֪ʲôһǣסߣȥˡ
ϲ磬ûоһЩһǻլӡ
·ѱĿСĿռžššüƿˡ
ôûֻǽشļϣĺһ¡
ĲӺУǺһ飬һȥСèĺһ£ֻûأ̲סһ²ӡ
û˵ţ
ˡƫͷһۣβ΢죬üۼ͸һұңǸ˻ǵһ㣬üĻһź롣
ûһھ֪ˡӵЦ漴һϵĲյȫɨڵأ๾ع
ŽûӦһѽ̽ͷĺ촽
ءǯڻ˫۱һַֻֻͷǡ
ݼһɵؾ㣬Եֲʧ˽غԴκأſĻ°ţоҪˡ
ֱֳԼһŻعסԼؿڲ
Ҫˣ𡣡һڣ֪Լ˿̵ôģ漴ڵɤӡ
ǶƼȦ̧ͷ
ſһƬīɫҲƵؿ£ŨŨ.ζ
˶֪ʲô𣿡һߣŴᶨؾܾ󻶡
ֲûڳϣ첲Դ½س¶澫ݵļǸŵӵܡ
ģԶ㼫ΪټʶʿˮȻŲĿ£㲻ҪңҺױġ
Ǿ͹֣кһֻСèƵġ
Ƭ̣߳սʤ̰ɫģһϧŤͷȥס
ӣЩ
װûпƫͷÿ棬װڿķ羰
̶̵һ·̣ȴʮּ尾լſͣʱŤͷѱĿѣѣǵˡ
ӿһۣ۵״˯⣬һԼ½
ԼɫѾܰ׼ݵʱ򣬺ȻſҲͣһȴ
ؿһۣûϣһӡ
ոձѹŲɸ˵˼Ů˳ȥȻһѱסѾݵ£ڿˡ
һſڱһ𣬵ȵԼľǰܵŻ񣬾߳ܵơ
СذĲϲš
һֽϵɨϣܾء
ɢκȻ׹䵽ľϣƵ죬ҧļӵؿ
֮ѽת˫ֳϣ°ȥ
ʣСĿͭԼҧ͵ģ̲סһ¡
صӳ׵ĵգпȻ²ϧ񣬾عӵ
ʱ̲סϻظһһ¸ң¶ǲģ
ü˺ܾã׵Ӧǡ
ʲôӦǣ
Ѵ𣺡ûǣֻǾ¶ѣǿ뱾޹ء
ĬƬ̣һʵ㶼˵ʲô˵
֣ǽյػһһ临ȻܽǾǷǳ

͡һЦ㽫˳ŶӹЦ
ˣɷ绹Լעһ㣬ĸСѹˣɾĿǰԼҪ⣬Ϊ̫ˡ
ˣǻ˵ƺ١Ц

ѷ¿ӲõǶµֻ֪˵л
Ҳǵ˵ඣͷ
һĶ˵ӣҪӣֲɵҽȥˡ
ԵµɾԼ٣
ǡѱ˰ֻ˵ûã⡣
มˡ
͵ЦԴһذο㲻Ա˵۹ⲻҪֻҪ֪оͿˣ
ÿͽʶʶвСһ
СƵĶΪԼ
ڨڨջ֣Լλˡ
ǰյľ̫߳ܣڶòˣԴְԼǰԼ˵ģ
ԱԼٵ飬һսʱȻһɷǸﶨˡ
һƹģأū澷ųȥ򲼻ˡֻҲ̫ӣӽӻеĥɷһЬӣһ˵ҵĶ
ϲңҲϲΨΨŵŵûԼϲġϵ˸ɵ£ԼѺԼ飬ҡҡͷԴ²ۡ
˰״Ȼ˸ɵĲ£ѻ˵ˡ
ô˵ƺǶŭ
ſϿ飬ֻϴĽѾڿУ°͵ⲻ𣿡
۸ҲǣǱô죿Դһ£ģ±ᴦģƽ޹ʵر۸ˡ
лл¡̧Цһ£ȻͷĻ 
Ƴһе飬˳ӵһԣȽˣͱ塣
ðȡһʹ
Ǹ¨ӣó壬ƫƫѲպûԼˣԼÿκ嶼Լϸˡ
Ӯ˱ȥﻬһ˿Ц⡣
̾ˣǲָˡ
ûʼѿһۣеӷ¡
°ϸ֣һһúúϧңѾûмԸˡ
ԭп٣еļĹٱοأϧοرɱʮ֣Ѿûĵ˼ˡ
ϧ¨𣿡ü
£ݣӲˡ
Цһ£֪ˣòȥû˺Լˣһö壬̧̧°ʾ⽭塣
֪ǲǺû˺ԼˣСʱ󣬽ԼӮ˵ʱ򣬻һš
Ӯˣôȥ˵Ц
áӣЦӦ
ãѴŽһ죬ԷԵҰζȻеĳ账ˣһ˱ΧڲݵϿ⡣
ܺãɽϵľ⣬µĲݵϳ͵²ݣɽµɽ軨ˣԶһҰһһɽ軨ɽ軨ݸ˽
ϹഩһСϻ·ǽרŽŮġŻڲݵʱżֻСϻ
̹ʱֵģĬؿܾãȻǰѺͽ˸
ЦеĶߵԶת̹˵
һۣרϹ໹СèһΪãרѸԼһֻݣ˱ڿտĲݵϷˡ
ٷɸһ㣬ٸһ㣡ϹƲŵٻ˷ܵغţ˵ء
üǣŷͷϹ˵ºȻȵһʯͷӱһ˹ȥ
ΪԼҪˤĽųʱһֻȽظ첲ס
Ťͷ־Ȼ뱾һ˵̹
Сġ̹ɫӺܺÿΪޱ飬һĮ
Ƚվɿ֣˼˺Զľ롣
лһл֪ΪЩ飬ŤͷĴ˿ѲӰˣ̹Цһ£ݽ˲ɷ硣
磡Ϲ࿴̹˷ܵس˹
̹ڶһ飬ϹССӱСԴϵС
Ҳֵܶ˵ȹȥȥˡ
Զ̹ſıӰϹ࣬𣿡
ررãģϹصͷ
̹ͷǹȷᡣ
ѻʱ򣬽ڳԱ߿ҰζҪˮˣƳӰֽһԿûȥʲôˡ
Ұζļζһǰ߱Ⱥߵζζϳ豾ղףǽ俾͡
ԾԾԣҪȴһĿҪˣ
ٺ١˼ЦЦ˭гôóԣѾȲˡ
ȲҲšѵݸһӡ
̾ذӣһȻҲԼһ
εΡ
һᱻƷˣΪԾѡ
1.ϵС˵Ůˣɹҵע⡣
2.ԭص


89 
ѿϵͳϵʱ, ȻҲˣڲԼģҪ˵һ䣺ϵͳĹ
Щ̨ʾ, ԼϵͳƷζ, ϸ͡
Сʲô
û, ȴ֪侲ԳֵˣҲһԲۡ
Ȼ̧ͷ㿴ɫŹ֣һĨ졣
װʲôҲû, ŤͷԱؿ, ߷߼, ȴҪѵĶ
һO@, ǽʯ֮Ȫ, Żδ, ȥȦΣ

, ˹ҸŮ
һ죬Ȼ֪ԼȥĿʲôƫƫԼܾܾĽҰȥҵڶСȥ
С£˿С, ѵľ
ſˣȥһȦͻС
ĿƵᣬ΢΢ףģû˺Ŀ
ֽԵȻסС, ˩Աߵ˹ȥ
ݵȥظɲݣ·أȹһǳһŵţʱʱŤͷһѣͦһ˷ģ̲ס
˭뵽һģÿӣ˿ȴأ
ߵѵİԱߣŽԲ̵ͦСƨȻ⿪˩ϵǣԶһЩȻͣ·
ѳ︴գĴ컹ǺģѼһ·ٴִ֣ɽǱߵƽԭʱĽֻԼ紵ı
£е䡣˳ѵ½Ťͷѵ
ѳƬַ̣ŵݵıϣӵƭǾͲˣɽתһȦΣ
⸽ˣκ̹ǸŸɽԼѾԸ̴ǣ
׽ôΣǸǵҲ˽⣬ĻϯصģԼõС²أǽΪڡ
Լ˲ɻ
ԽԽϵͳˣΪĻ֮˷ѾŪϵͳΪԼĸ飬ڿֲˡ
ԳϵͳĶĿľʲô
գգ۾װʲôҲ֪Ӧ
Դڲݵţߵ㹻ԶͣµţͷԻ˵ϲϲЩӴůٴ
áĵôڷϻ
ȿȡȭŴһ˿ߺգǱȡΣ
ˣͷҪʲôꣿ
ֹס°ָͣغ촽Ħãͷɤͳ㡭
С£
ڵһתסĲӣ˼Ƭ̺һǲҪˡ
ţƤһ
ɬյػ棬˿ô죿òҪŶ~

ҪѸ°ΪȻһģ
Gգգ۾
û˵ǵͷסĴʵжԼҪʲô
Ĺڣ׵ĺܰԵҪԼеĿȫߣԼſԴǣоԼĲӶˡ
ѵǼԽԽ߳׵ͷĿѣ֪ԼںδǱѱڻѴϻȥ
ֱ΢ЩĴƸظϣһС½˽ȥ⿪С¡
ԭԵһµģˮӣѵʣʱѾˣֻװԼԺˣ
ѽСõֺ׼ʱָȴСĻĶˣһ̱Ļ
쵰Ҫþ͸Ͻ߰Ҫôĥˣ
Ҳо˲ףһգæֳ˳ȻǼźɫ÷İɫСԼǰ·
Ůˣɹ˱ע⡣һ

ϵͳɵʾ󣬽طƽһ̧ͷˮ۾㡭ôô㽫˼ҵСߣôȥˣ
֪С£ûиоǰӦԷӣʱʹ˲Ķ㡣
ڵǱǮͿ𣿡죬Ҫ޲޵ģ
˲ٺöϺõķУ֬һ飬ɺ觵ȥԼҲãȥҲԡ
ѻһ䣬Щ˽⡣
߷ߵرЦеҪնҵģõʲô¾ʲô
áζؿһۣܾԼ·ˡ
˻ȥʱ򣬳ѾǶˣһЦУһ۸һ㡣
³ԸȡǰҰһȣһϹ࣬һߵѡ
Լԣȥǲǣбһؿڡ
εؿһĬĬصͷԼȡǳʱڣԼ·ú滹һ멣ûдСҲû¡
ҪǷ죬Ѿûˡ
ˡϹԴָͮͮյ
㿴ˡԼ̵գޱ̹ѾˣǸܰȻ궫
ԱԺһʰ˶п££Сһ·϶û˵
ΪѴӦ˽δնҪĻԵڶһ磬ڴϿʼ˼ָʲô¡
£ҿڿˣҵˮɣڴ
ѿһۣһ
ҶˣԵġſϿ飬Դ
ѷпһ飬һ̵ġ
ƻƻ
Ҽۣ~
¡
ѽ̵סС죬ҹˣǲˣȥԡ

ţˣԼ
һܾؽ˱˾ң˷ŵѾˮԡͰ˹ѵϵȻѹԼųȽԡͰ
뿴ĳһסԼ۾
Сɫ㶼˶ٴˣ֪ˣѽˮƵؿʼϴ衣
һֻ˵Ѽӣ˺˵ģҧŴЩ͡
Ҳ̫ˣƵضϴ裬ĥԼ
Ҫ͸ɴһ㣬ĥĥģſǻϸ˫Ĳӡ
ѵЦһϸԼϣȻȥ
³ʱпһһѩžǰʲôһɽͷȻشأٻţСߴߴؿʼ
ڴʱѴµԽǬ˷˹ơ
п¿żͨ⣬ӶоôпʳĲ
ǰЩӣ̤࿴ǶѾʼ֣ũһ˵һʳֲ͵ؾˣ㿪ʼǰʳطܲ


90 
ִʳķкܶ, óõķֻдͳŽʡֵȷ
ÿճţյʱ¢, ǴŮȥɽϲЩҰҰ, ȵ̤¶顣
Ƚε, Լṩ˼ַذҲϾûԸԼһδһĿġ
֮£ֻý˳һƬ, һЩḻũ, ԼķԸ֡
ʱ, ԳһҰ, 첲ϻһСײһҶ, ǴӺ޵ظӡ
콥, ΢ů紵, ƮƮ
Щũũȥαȥտأܣɹ࣬Сĵ´˻ʶˡɷԹҲһҰ, 첲ϹŵҲŵȫǻꡣ
ɹˣһ⻰ϵЦʱûˣƫͷһԵ񣬡Һ𣿡
һۣЦ, һɹˣвɷ˵ôţ¶䱦ﶼֻһˣɹٺҲһ۾ϳ

Թôһ˵Ҿ֪ɷĻûƭˡ
һߣɷһЦοĺÿһҲûϵ
ǵ°װ̾һ
ҪǵʱѻվһѻںüȣһһڵĶԱȣֱǹԼ
ᵽЩ߷߲ƽƾʲôΪһˣƤȻһŮ˶ף
о̣Ҳûܽڶ٣ƤֲЩɺʼԼ󣬾ٻָԭİ⻬
ţŮǲ⡣
ĵµʱվڵߣ±ҶŮӡ
Ӧòġɷɡ
ɷ簡ҿǲƤˡһ˵Ȼͣ˼
ū澴ˡɷסԼ졣
Цſ˶һۣŽݣҰͻŵſڵϣȻһŵĻƿңɵҰȥЦеģ᰽һõձ£ͷͻˡūǲɻЩպó
ܾϲæӦ
⼸ŮֱǱأʲôᣬҲ̫Ҹ˰ɡ
ЩӣֲҲڽÿܵӡ
ӳգڵʱ򣬺Ȼ
öˡһʱ䲻˵ĴԵı仯޳б˾βȹ
ʲô𣿡鲢⡣
㾽ȵţմĽŲصȹ£ͨһ򵽵ϵŹң
ôˣ
ǰЩòǺȻңҸִˣ˵˾ҸΪҺô飿ĸĴߣͨ˹ؽڣȴԭǾµ˼
˵ҪңЩЦüʵΪҪǣ
ĬƬ̣ΪСŮӲ룬ҪõµĴ
˵ı΢һԵȴҧ˴̣˼飿òʣСŮӱˣ̸һҵѵʼɣΪ𣿡
֪ԭԵŮǾǶˡ
̿Ϊһʼɣ
ҪʼɣҲõ¶ǡɾ֪´δ⣬һжһԸѡ
ǵ߼ҲʵЦѲ˼ԼôҳԴף
˵ˣҵ׵ļ滴ˣԼѹҪԴ׶֣ԼͿԵĽˡ
һһף̲ס˵⣬ҲûΪ¶𣿡

Ȼ򣬡˼Ҽӣ㻹ǸӢδ޵Ĺĳ𣿡
ҿƨҲ󣬲ӵӡ´һ°͵û˵ЩӵĴ𣿡
Ǻ죬֪˵Ǿ²ٵĴţɵ˵ֻǴš
ǲǴźйϵ𣿾ҲҲֲҼҵӡ֢Ҳ֪ĵҼҵ¿ûһۣȴܵǰ䳰ȷѵұʹˣͿԼ޸ˣ
˵˵СңôôҪأ˵ĺ׷氮˵ѵͽƶɷ˵ͨңͿûмǴĻǶѾˣαôԸ¼أ
Ƴ࣬ҼҵǸԺõˣϲ֮Ů˵ȰҲ׷˼ˣȻ´οɾͲǶôˡǿ֪ܲǰͼҼҵµŮˣһ͸ңһȥׯϵţ٣͸һֳҡ
Ҫ檵ĻڳſһŸʾΪиһҪȨƣﻹû޵򡣶ǱᣬΪǺãΪ˲޵˼ҡ
СŮ֪ˣ򲻿ˣʹôˣԼǲпˡ
Ҳһһףҭһ仰Ҳ˵
ҲҪģΪʲô԰ϸŸи֮檣һ䣬չʲô˴ǰ
˾ǰԲѷ˶Ի岻ĴҪ·ڴʮģ̧̇°͡
ݰ𪣬ģƽ￴һºͺ˵ڼŮģʱȴüĿ⣬ʸ߻˲ֱӡ
Ƕʱһţʱʶ֮ݲ࣬æסؿͷݴСŮ֪ˡ
ôãᣬҲжô󣬾ΪҲأ
ǣҲˡŵûð亹˶˵ϡ
ΪŮˣȻְ֪ǿӴжôˣδˣֻһѡ
ĺˣֲعڵϣŵǵһηϰʱǼԡ
л˽һɣ˶̱˵ϣĺİȴʪ͸ˡ
˶һ۵޹οҲԩˡ
˶ֵ֪ΪҪ˲ңҲԸǡ˽ҹ˶Ժ˵ʲôӦ֪
ҹ顭;Ȼ֪ˣ
ǰһڣʱʲôˡ
ԭԼҵĻ£ΪԼĸףЦΪΪʣΪԼһҡ
³ûٽĿָһ㣬ĮȻؽгϳؼҡ
һ˽լӣĽ͵λ˵ģӦҸӡı˼Ҳ顣µѾˣֱӽοشãҼҲ乫լҲοطˡ
ҸӲԩŲһ٣ߣôҲ˵أ
𣺡ǵǰģκ죬û
֪ˡ˸ϵ׼ˮҪݸ衣
ֽ󣬽ͲˣָլڼҵϽ봺󣬳಻ϵˮʹʮҲóһš
յһʱڴ¸Сè·ԱΧɷǣһһ滩üǵµҲ֪ʲô᲻ỹꡣ
о̣ǳе£нʿΪһ
صǣȻо⣬ǣꡣɷЦŴȤū澿ˣ
һ죬С·£СèҾôţǼ˲ɣб¾͸ϽԼҸ
ūǻźһᵽˣȫˡ
ԴһҲź򣬸պЩ£⡣
ϲʲôӣ
ǲŤЩɬƷȥͳɣū澲⡣
ڰֵⷶΧ̫ˣ˵
ɷ׷׿񣬷Ҫ˵ȻβòòҪȥūҪãҲġ
˶˭ʱȴȻ˵Ĳκ𣿡
ﰲƬ̣˺ȻȻ򣬷׷Цֲóκһ˵ԭͶ˼ˣ
Сʸڷϡ
Ҷţκʱ򣬱׷ڴЦĴκͷԡ
˵˵̲̣ڽŮѡķ϶͵͵ȥˡ
ϣȻҴҽݽ˻ѣЦ˯ˣˣ
۾һϲֵóҿ
Ϊ̫æѺдŸԼӣϴθԼдѾһǰˡ
ŵݸתǰӹֵǰ򿪣һӾ
ٻͷʱͼԼǹԼûЦ
ʲôˣ˿ģ
Ҫˣ·Żŷüս½ˣ´˴˵Ļʹץϻ壬Ѿ۷мվ͸ûˡ
̫ˣϲ
Ѿã⼸ʮ˳£ɱ޶߽տ಻ԡ´򵽺˻ʹνǺݺݵظ˺һѵһʮں˶ٽˡ
ΪҪԭ򣬵˼գŴҲûпˡԴŮϽ֣ѡ˺üѼԼ֮ģ׼ѻԡ
Ҫ³ò³ˡɷżѼ⣬ڽʡ
ԴӼ޵ȷˣϴƺҲǸ
šһ̯ǰѡ˰ŹǣǮ࣬ǳԲôůҵøºúò
ɷ翴ᣬһ¶һĨĸЦ
Ǳ͵һأ
ÿÿʱһȺѹȺķ˴Уһ濪·һǡ
õ·ߣ뿪ؿһۣ׼ȥ
үҶǷҵҶûɱˣһʹȻ𣬽פͷһƾ·ˡ
ƿݺݵЩǿشԴõģвģȥݸȥ״Ҫã
һˤڵأʹôôడҵĶѽﲻãõźǶ
ʲôҸӡôбأɷš
סҪǰ粵Ĳɷ磬⣬οһпǵȰ˵Ļ
ѱ˻ţɷ
ֲǮ˶ϲңοֻҪʲôֵ飬Ҳطϣǻǿȥɣ˵¾ͺȻˡ
Ƣáɷ̾ͷһڵõˣȻǿֿɺޡ
һûԶ˼ϸֺ߰ȻȻ͵Ȼֹ
̧һɫ֪ǹˡ
֪ô飬ͲϽˣū澺ȥͺáصɷ罫£æһˮӸȷ硣
ô֪أһڣüչ
ȣȥһȦҪһߣǰЩᵽȥгʰ˱ȥԡ
ǡɷӦŶȥ˳ŮҵԡͰﵹˮźԡ
Ӱҡҷȸߴߴؽţ֪˸һһͣǵñΪ͵ӷꡣ
ʱһˮˡ
ˣȳȥһٽǡſԡͰϣֱߵۣһԱһ裬۾ˡ
һץһѻӵˮҪвɷԼ򣬾⴫һŲ
Ҫأ򡣡ſԡͰϣ۾ߺ
û˵ֱߵļһ¡
˫ָһӴļ˲ԾûôֲڣһԱߵľӣͷ˹ȥ
һʧɫ롢պҰ˭
˰гľӳ˹ȥץסԡڵסԼزæˮ
ҡ˱ľУʹһסЩΡ
Ϥһ㶣ϸ˴һ鷢²ŵĺʱȷ˵ݡ
£ȷغ
ѡšһ˫֣˵ԼĻ
ҲȷȴǸ˵ģǳסϵۡһˣôôˣ



91 
˵ʲôΧѹһӵ, һһʵ
ñطϲãһӱˣڿνζӳ, ͸ĵ
ûб, ǺӰס, ҲˡĶһ٣գգ۾Ŀڵһ˺ϼңϻ׽ǸصӢ, һûϵġ
˵³, ԼҪ, ԼˣٳҲúˡ
ô, Ϊо̡Լô³أղŵԼ, ԼղѾ˺˵ǿɰˡ
ٳ, Ҳġ뽫˱ĸ, ĵ˵

⻰ƭƭ꺢ͯԣ浱û㷽ŵ񣿡ǾֵԼһҲˡ
Ҵ£ڨڨЦһǰʹز˲, Ŵᣬͼ˼Ƿŵ顣
ƫѻͳһף˶סԼЩӡ
һɤơһۻ, ֻǰһӵϸĸ첲ͼ¶棬׵ĴۣŲߡ
ս⣬뼫էһ¼񡢻ģܲѪš
ม̵ӦȻĻ˳ȳȥϴ
ס֣һƬŨīɫһ𣿡

һĬĬˮؾܾˡ
ΪβѸһֻ䵽ļϣرϢڲӣͦıĶȻֽºסĶ顣
½ߣʱ̣ȴͻȻӲƬ̲֮סЦԲ£ĺˣ̲סˣ

ڽļһȻ̧ܵͷǰصһѣ۾Щ·ȥĥ䱾ͽûš
ⶼЩʲô֮ʡ
һ죬æԡͰվҵزԼϵˮ飬·Ҵææߡ
ߵļСײſڵĵϣ۵ᶼ쮳ˡ
ôôͳˣӭݳģЩŹ֡
Сһڣͷһµʲôأȥ˽ȥˮеԡ
ūȥߺյЦһ¡
ȵȣֽסԥƬ̵Щǿ׳͸ȥ
Ƭ̱˼Ȼ΢΢һЦתȥ˻ˮȥˡ
·Ѳɷ˽ڴ¸Լͷ
ͷðɣɢڼϣڴµϣŪſڴ˯Сè
ԾҳʱڸСèͷĦ䷢
ͷѻһɫۣ֯档
ģ¶һ۵ı顣겻²ֹ˱ˣ˺룬֪ѧ˷
ڵģĻԭ˾һģ
ʲô飿ɫһ
ԥƬ̣ί£ȰѺˣ
ѿһۣƮƮѼڣԭ͸ÿʼ룬ܺá

һ㣬ˣ
ʹļ׵Ϊûеºÿôỵ̈Լò
ãÿѳĬƬ̡
ʱӶ룬ףôͲһˣ

ԼбҪѵᶨÿȥѺˡ
ѳƬ̣ǼԼ뷨ҡͷ

ĳȰ˵£Լúỵ̈
ȻƾȰ˵ûܸıѵ뷨ǹִΪԼÿһЩ
˵ԼӦɹ˵ԵʣվͰ׻ˡ
û취Ӹͷͷɺüۼ¶ƣ֮ɫȵȥСһԼȥΪš
гǣ㱾һ˯ڴϣס˽֡
ŸǵؿڣŰͼˣһĹˣһ˯Ҳ
Ϸſ»˯𣿡

ɿ֣۾ȥɣ̵ˡ
Цתߵͭǰ⽫Լͷһľ̶ͷЦһȥˡ
뿪ĬĬŤͷֱ۾
ΪѻͻȻڼĲɲˣֻ˼˺ҶˮײˡԼ罷ͷȲˡ
һӲˣѾȵûǺҲ˵أǸǰˡ
ļԾɿʢˣڴ˵ţȻȥ·˺ֱӲϵĺˮԸ
ǡһȷһӦ£Ȼתֽɡǵóɡȥ
ۼһ˯Щãֳ˸ˮ裬·˯š
ѣûнѣһһ濴һš
һ飬Ŀ㽥شϣŲűϡ
ԥãҵһѼ߹ȥѵĴǰѰ˼Ÿ֡
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һ֣ѵһ룬һȥ
ʲôɳƵȻŵһļ㻺ѵϡ

һ۽ļ¼̶̵ĺ룬˲ԭίǳ鴤
͵͵أΪ˸룿
ãȻؿһۣȻΪأ
ζΪıɱ׷򡣡

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ȿȣ˭е㲻ֻó²ߡһ
ļùŵϣȻ§ֻ㿪Цġ
գգ۾ȻˣǵǼɣ
ޱؽԴƿ´ЬƵߣС
¾Ͳ𣿡ڴʵ
ʲôѱϵ
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ңѺȻͷ
һˣèܳˣ
èҲһֻһֻб

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ͷȣԺǿϻյģ˵֪˲ͣСѳź󣬽Ĳɵطӡ
ɷ˼ģȥɽСϪ߲ɺɻϻܻҶԡ
պеķùͬˣ˶ɴñӱȥ˺ɽ
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᰸ʱ̱ɷϹ⼸Ůȥεˮɺɻ
Сһ㣬Ϲˮȥˡĵغ
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ߴŲ䵽ˮεϣС¶ˮϣŲۣСɾµ˫һûһĴˮ棬ֺϺɫޢۡ
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̹ҡͷĬԵһϹģֻڡ
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л̹һۣƵһ˿ĶȻתȥˡ
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˵ʱ·ţİǰ¶СȺͽţһε顣
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ȽϹɽһ˵ӰСڵ㣬̹´߳ΪҪĸ
̹ûлشǸľϻ֮ǰĵطӽһֻŽȻɽ
齭ûзϣȵжλʱŷԼĶˡ
ҪҪūմȥң֪ΪΣԴֳ̹︡Ӱ
üˣ˾ͶˣҲʲôҪĶ
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šԼӵϣת˾ҡ
ͷҲ̧ӡ
ˣϻӷŻԭѸպɢڷֻһ㣬̻¶Ծҳ
ϴˮ¶ϰ̺ۣǽһġ
լʲô˹߽һһ浥ϥڴϣ°ȥ
ȥ˺ɽɺɻ㱻û֣֧顣
Ҳûش𣬰δһЩδ顣§ϸѹȥȲȥ
ˮԺؿͷӣѵĺܡ
ûᣬֱ׵еĵط̲סһţ̫ˣ㲻޵ͱݣ
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ˢһºˣԼ˵ڿеСѾ̲סһ
Ҳ֪ôộѾôãȴҪ̵һֱԼ͵Ķ޳ˣڲĥ
ڶ磬ƿʱڱ۳˯¶ļϻкۡ
æƿĿ⣬·
ųȥȴ棬Ѷ˶ٻͷһңѹʵ£
񹧾հ̹
շֺתüͷšסƬ̺֪ˡ
˶ֵȥѱذ

һ˿ɻ󣬵ǽݽѵذ˳ʸ
ؽӹȻֽȥһˮڴؿʼΪԼ롣

ûǴƾô˵¶ġ
ԭҲʼɵġ
һ̣ԼӵȻ


92 
ѽʱ, ̫Ѿ͸˽ڴǰӱ۵Ƥ, ׽˯ˡ
, Ѿڴǰ, üĽš͸һϢ
գգ۾ĿŸɾϣȻôһ¡
ôˣȻŶӴЦ, һָ, һЦ۽Ứ
Цյ
ŬҪЦ, ȴǱﲻסڵģЦĻ, ſڴϲᡣ
ҴˣҲñġŬһ, һһЦ
ֽЦ̫, ʵڵģ̫Цɹ˰, ԭļڴֲڣƫںƤɰ𪣬ԭû֮ǰãԺվͱϰ벿ֺ°벿ְģ
Ѵǽ, תƲߣüۼһ˪¼ˡ
֪߳ŭˣæӴµأŽѾС׷ȥ, һס䣬ϿֿصǸҴˣҲЦģҸİ취ɺã
ѽŲһ٣ͣԭû˵
һѹ۵׵ЦǷɫЩվͺˣ±ԶǺÿӡ
һСתбһۡ
ǣһӡĸ첲ͭǰߣ£ϾͰԭ˷𪿡ģ
أȴûоܾͭǰһȥЬഩϡ
ͷһԼδЬӣܻشߴЬ࣬ȻƿŽŮǰѶϴĶ˽ְ֮ȫ˳ȥ
ϴҸҵ֬ˣܰ׻ˡװˮ˹ȥľˢɫκë
šüӣŮһͿ֬Ĩۣ
ǵģţʡ

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֪ͬˣɺЦӦ£Ȼִߴϴ
ϴ꣬ڵذëݹȥѲϵˮ飬ЦеóԼ֬ˮۣʼͿĨ
·ģҵļܺõġĵر֤
ѱû˵Կ䡣
֮󣬽еĶ˺Ƭ̣صͷڱǰÿˣ
ʵҲԻױӻױӻױַϧʱӻױȴֻһζ׷棬ʧӵš
ȴδˣ֬۽Ϳ׾һЩȴֻķɫԵȻȻˢӽ֬ɨȥԼĽüʹüĿͦο㣬ûɹǰÿ֡
ѿͭԼüҪԼȴһĵ±Ҫǰϵķ۲ˣҪڻȥˡ

οϰ˾ͺá
Ѳ˵ˣؿͭԼüͷһֱûչ
һۣƺ֪ʲô԰οȻһҲͿĨ֬ۡ
ƺĻԵŽϴϺ񻽽ױȻڵñԡ
ػͷȻŵϣλá
죬Ƭ̣ȻųſʼΪü
ǲļϣģڿԼüëϵִֺڵëëʱ̲סһߡ
ˣԼȥϴһεױ
Ϻڰ⣬ܺõ֬۸ס󣬸ŮͻڵģҲ⣬Ͼǵĵ±ĺÿԱҲûʵͿĨ֬ۡ
֬ڸ⣬ѺԼһţԡĤᰵķºڰ˻
ʱ䣬õϵͳַ˼߳񣬸ƽЩ
εΡ
ϵͳʾʱԺѼ¿飬ſϴŵ䵽˵ϡ
һӺᱻĶҧˣ߶ΪԾѡ
1.ǿưǧһӣ˵ܸɾʸӡ

ͷŤͷ˯û찵أ˼ˮĽε̾һ
ϣ仰Լвźá
аãδ˵˻Ҳû˻ֺ˵ֶΡ
ѷе飬ɽ˯һѡ
ţԺ̧ԴԼǰ۾ʵ㺰ʲô
ѽǰŮӵݸǡ
һ㶣ͷµıһԵʪۣʱεز̧ͷӹѵݹʪӣСصллл¡
ߣȻ˯ˮˣѷˣҪӵ
ʪӲһ󣬽Լһ飬ֱûĸоˣ̧ͷʵ£ҽʲô𣿡
šӦһȴû˵ʲôֻ˹Ѽµǧϣ֡
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ſ˫סԼߵЦЦǾ׼һ
ǵģôˡ
ɫӣԴȻͷȥΪϵͳʱҪ󣬹ʶʮ೤ᣬ׵ĽҪϢˡ
ȵʱ䵽ʱָǵˮ⣬ڵܸɾʸӡ

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ʲô磬ЩҪŮӵģôҪԼ
ЦֻԶĵ£ܵ
㻹𣿡
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β㣿ѾԼɵˣǶⱲܲӵԼĺӻһȴ￪ʼӵˡ
׼èһԳҵըҳֵĵ¾ˡָ˵
ѳĬ죬³֣Σ

ζ𣿵ڿǰԵſЦ
˰·ݣһٴ򵽺ϼң׽һϻϢʵմãѹϻʦس
ʵ۵ּ⵽пʱ򣬸ս£п಻ϵꡣ
ȥпʱǵ͸ˣմ˽ȫժΪ겻ܳŵԭ򣬱Ůơ
ոպȥ˾Ӫڣǽʹߣּ⡣
պԾӪ򿪻ʵ۵ּź󣬱㽫ʼֽ콫
ִŮæµʼʰ׼سһʱǰ͵͵ҪĶͿɶˡ
ҡ᲻Ϲ໳ﱧСè۵Ϲ飬ҭ
꣬ǿӵСģɰãȵСģȻҲ᲻
ԼҪس׸̹Լܴһ
Ҫˣ˸дţ߽СԴο
仰ȻǺģϻ屻ץֵ֧̹ͳһ˺ȨϳΪ˺µͳߡ
Ҿǰ̹λΪ˺˵ϣ׳ƳΪĸͨó
ʧԼϹһСССĴָ
áЦһҲСĴָ˹Ȼͷһ¡
԰ϹʰԼŮΪС·ȫϣǸϹߣԼɫʳһЩ
ڶ磬԰Ϲ͵⣬̹
û뵽ӦæƽϢ̹ȴˡ
磡ϹСȱ˹ȥһѱס̹Сȡ
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ˣһ·ƽ
ĪΪԼˣЦЦл
֪ΪΣϹ֪֪Լݺ󶼸˳ƺ̹ȴʼռֳƺԼΪˡ
ͷ˵Ǹ뿪ˡ̹ӣԼֵϹ
šϹɿ֣ǰ˼Ȼ彭˸ڣ˫ֽǰϥء
ΪСӰĲȣʱҡҡλΣʱҪȥһ
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᲻Ϲᣬתͻͷһۣᡣ
~һè𣬽ԼµСèϹСèæСè׷ĲСèݸϹࡣ
Ϲ໹δȥӣԼĸֽ˹ȥ䵭л
Щ⣬ǽè΢΢׺ת뿪
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ûʲôֻǵһĳ̹ջĿ⣬Щʧ䡣
һǴ
ӵһ̹㱻Ŀ⡣
Ϲڽ䱻˵ūŹϺϵ׷ɱҪΰʱȴȻԼĸˡ
ǺЦƤɽİѩҪףͷں˳ºϷ·ŹâԵشԼ
˸Ƭ̣̹ѡڣŮԼ
ŴԼڵǿǿųŵı˹ΪŮ
Ϊ˸ԼȴԾɱĿ⣬˱ӵ˼ҪķɱռΪС
û뵽ǣķȻʵ۵׵ܵܡѡ
ʱ˫ӱƿ͸һУԼݵ˳
ڣ֪Լӵ˼
֪Ǿһ̣̹֪ԼһϣһһؿʼϣΪĸĸױ
ϹԼ˽ģϣżԿһۡ
ڣҪ澣سˡ
̹ȻԼʱѧԼһʫգۼᣬԼȴ֪ΪΣȴס
ʮഺؼӢ
δδޣܾǲˡ
վԼһΪ/ӣԵ޷ֻ֣һȡ
Ϲ󣬽Ҳûʧ䣬ŮʰֱѮһ磬һ̤˻س·;
;³վʱһΪڴͣһա
ҹﲼؽ˯ʱȻһO@۱Ҫʱȴֱסڱǡ

ͷƳżӰӣһһƮ˽


93 
̴ú, ǲڵѾ˯ȥӰŵؽƿš
֨ѽһֳִӵĴ, ǰʱ, Ϊ֮˻ӻ, еһϿ˹ȥ
һ㷢ԣһ˿֮ɫ, һ󺮹, գۼͬ㵹˵ϡ
թΪ׵ĺ˺, Ȼתֵѿ˹ȥ
˳, ʮżƺҪѡ
Χ, ȴ԰, гסԼĴ, һߵĺˣ⽣ӰǰһһһȵҺȻ۾ȥ
ͬʱ, ش¥£ͬһƮ˽˲
һذףڽﶢŲһˣΪһѺ
ֻ˲˰, ҪƵѳ˹н˵һǧ˰ٵʽƮؽҲޣֻˡ
ԣӵ˹ӳż⣬Ѹȥ󵶣еĳ嵽գ漴ת߼ţջسڵϴ˸ʱԴϢ
ؿں˼׹⣬ȥ
ľս޲ȥѡ
ڴʱһߵϵĺ˷ڽĽų˹
ŵæܿԱߵĵ߹ȥסĽŲ
С˲һ𱾾ʩչ֣ʹѱѹƵأļһһ̵ǰ˵ǰȻŤͷ˹ȥ
ֻһ߼УһץŶ׷Լĺ˹ȥ
ȿȣ˾ҵؿǰ˻ӣ͵סԼ۾
Ҳŵһζס˿ڱǣ˷׷׾ҿߡ
쳷Ϊ׺һԣһẰųˡ
Ѽˣеĳ˹ȥһΪ׵ĺˣȥİסˡ
ȺԭǲһеҪȡ˲ˣ˿̼۾ͿڱǱضǺܣ˫Ŀˮֵסǵعƣܿͱ
㷽ʲôѿһڵսס־ȵʵ
ĩƺǷ۵ζȴֱǷ۰Ե࣬ŽǺ˵ý˵۾ˡ
Դصش˸ۣǰЩпļģⶫһˡ
ʱû״̸ζƷǲ֪Ҳ
棬Ǻһ֣ζƷʱ򣬷һθۡ
Ϊ̫Խר˽ĥɷɷõĶԭֻģΪó֪ôõˡ
˲ʱԼĺɰｫ淭˳һ棬һԼذס
ԭ°ﵹæû棬˭֪Ǹ˻תͷɱԼ鼱֮ͽ˳ȥ
ãûѡ
ۣһصζ̲סʧЦѧ·ôôҰ
ٺ١ɵЦȻȻѷ˲ʱ첲ˣֲ鿴û°ɣҿ˿ڡ
£ֻСˡѶ㿪ڼʬİǡ
£Щ˶Ծûл¡󣬹ڵϻ
֪ˣǵʬ嶼ˡü˼һȻӻֽаЩʬ崦ˡ
ղŷ򶷣ĶģѺͽ㻻һ䡣
ûнаڣ֪˭ָʹ𣿡ϴ֣ſѵļϱˣ˿ѪģӿѪ䶼Ⱦˡ
Сؽ·üһ洵һ潫ΧѪɾȻվ˶¶һָĵ
˿ںƤⷺţžžવص̧ᣬŽҩ
ޡЦһ£̧۽ôһޣֻ˿۵ģбҲˡ
ĸˣȻȻ۾ûϴ֣
ţһ¡
ղ棬ҵ۾ˡ۾Լӣһߡ

һ˿⣬æŮˮн۾ϴɾ
۾ʱ۾Ѿ׳˺ңҪѼҩ˿ڡ
㻹ûشҸղŵأͷѰ˿ڣȻһɾ·һһʡ
Ѵ׵۾ĻشͲµ˱ʹ֮ˣԤϵ˽ҹɱ
ţɻ̧ͷ
ֻδ˵Դ͵ǽͣĵط³վѦϼҶ˵ٲδѦ֪󣬶Աλµ˳֡
˸׳ƳֱרĵضԸѦϣѦʮֻңҪű;³ʱҪ˱ֱһֻ۰򡣡
Ȼץѵʵǽô죿ǵʲô鶼ûǴ˴ȥ
˷ܣǳ֮ɫ
ʲôԴһ£ûȥں棬ʲôȥѦȴ򣿡
ֺõЦЦǾͲˣҾ˵˵
бһۣȻ¶һĨЦݣȻҪġ
ţһãȻ
պ󣬽ɫͲ˼᰺񣬾ֻһϳСκ⡣
عٵϣһ澾ӱĶ䣬ݵصˣ˵Ȼһ£ԼȥˡһҪÿڹ˵ˣ

ᰶһۣ֮ɫ
ڣѾһʱˣȥֻ⼸仰Լ˴ʼȻµ𾪣ֻʣºЦ
ȥҪԸѦΣأȻǲһȥģȿˮһˮ
һǰղ˵ģӦغúõģҪһȥġ

ᰶĬĬΪӦҪµͷ޶ͺˡ
͵͵ҵĲˮҩ˯ղŲѣ̫ˡ˵
ԭ˵ĺúõģ³ЪϢգ˺ЩһȥģȴҪǰһϣԼҩ
Լһʱǵͷȥ׷Ҳ׷ˡ
û˵ȴ֪ôԭ
Ϊȥ³Ӧĺúõģתʰ˰һԵشһȷˣ˺һķӡ
վ뿪ģʵһߵǵºͰǣǴŮٰɵ뿪Ĳɷ壬ԼһС
һȻЩ첲ϻˣҪ˿ѿô죿
ô׶Ϊĵ¡
οЦ´Ż콫ҲŴվͻ»ϣصġ
ҲŲǵֻǺԼͻȻ˹ѸӣƲֵ
ǣûеĵ¡ЦЦİȡģһСһ뵰ڵСϺЩϵ֮ǰԸūģ˵ǲԵţθ᲻ūҪЩˡ
һůû˵ʲô
˼գһ·ֻ¶ڹٵţֱڷվЪϢգվһˡ
ڴţȻ߽һˣٽŻ
Ϊ׵һԱߵŮ˵֪غȻŵĽ漴һǰڨλˣпҪȥ


94 
üһ, ûлػǷʵк£
ɫۣò㣬ֻ϶˼Ϣ
ϰ, ˴ȥΪº, ǷԸĻһ, ·ҲиӦЦ
ϰö죬˼һĵһηϰ
ǡЦݸС
˼ģȴ, 𾪵ػز
лϰ, ֻҴ, ѾٽӦ㲻ˡ, ܾĺ⡣
ΪһվĴ, ڿԼʱһ, ߹ԼҲḡ, һҪԼ˵ӡ
˵ٽ;ɽȴ٣ֻżˣɽ˿ɵˡû뵽Լᱻܾζ
΢΢һЦ, ͷյһڲ裬ûټ˵˼
ȴһͷǳЦ޵ˣ۾ֱضŽ̲סǰһҪȥ׽֣һ, ͺĲң

ǳ鴤̧°ͿһŭŮɺѵϰ˵ȥλ˿ɾҪˡ
ڰֲ½ֻƼˮ꣬·Ӵһֱ̣𣬷˿ǧҪᡣ
ȻŮ˶ǿķǵģֻԼ˵˼仰㿪ʼԴطԼҲΪ̶Եʡ
֪ԼӢϰŮ˲Լĵġ
𣿡ЦЦЩΪǸ½ϧ
ţλ½ۿһ죬ǰԹؿһۣȻĿ޺޵ؿ
ҡҡͷ½ɷֲǷǣԼ˵ģŮӾͰǣôȴԼˡ
Ȼæ
½·ϾȵĹŮСᣬвδңֵ½׽Լ
ȽǰĽĶ˵ĸˣ½ƱɬѵˣʾҲȥˣҲô⡣
ү˵Ҫ̶ؾµġ½ί
ͷƳһֱۣˣ뵽ߵò˻δ֣ĵ¥ȥԺ˵
½Ƶͷžžવ䣬̫¥ȥүλˡ
ʶȤڰּ˳뽭˵ûпϰ̫ˡ
ϰ̫ҲֻǵĮؿͽһۣԵŮͯ¥ȥˣ·һҲз֮졣
δ̷˷ȥʲôЦشһ㡣
һϰ̫ıӰֽĿͶǰӵϣһ˿ζȻ΢΢һЦҷ룬ǰЩɢȥΪڳ
룿һ̽Ƿ˼סڳδȥҲŰݷá
һЦҼסèͬžͲˣҼҷȡ
èͬˣסĵطۼڻʳΧʳΧûнèͬĵطԴԼˡ
ԡͷ
λǻ½ֵһͬ½ֻסһèϳʶ½ֺĺֱͬΪèͬ
ƣֻס֪һүȻǲ֪ʵġ
Ž޶˵ӣɬĴǣҪȥ֣˲˵ɢ𣿵ʱ˭֪ܻܲҵȣ
ͷ㵱治£
¡еλ֮Աǡ
ðɡ̾һȻʵȥʱ˵ϰȥˣ¼εģǰϰǺιϵ
ɫʱЩҵĵ֡
ԭˣѹַϰ̫ɫô䵭ԸԼĶˣҵĶȴүǰͲŮ˹죬һ̲á
ǻ˵ЩģϲǺ챦ʯʵ

ллˣЩʯΣܹкüˡ
һǸϲ¡ίҽǰϰĹ£
Ȼûܼ޸ѣȴ˹δ뿪ǰԼݣԻʵ۴˺üͷ硣ǿԣ뿴ܲһԽ鷳
üİֻõǵҲûʲô˵ģֻԼĶ䡣
λǸϲģŮ˰ˣ˵ϡΪм治֪ʲôõģŮ˺áҾͺһˣǸϲ˵ģĴˡ

ͷʹģ죬ǰϰϲɫǺܿ
Ļ䣬Цһʲôģ˼ҵҵֵͷһʰ˶سʮյؾɥˣֱ빬ɲһؿչã
ҡܣȻյԱߵλָϵģǱɱġ
ʲôһ׷ʵүô֪
ͲܸˡЦָָԼ֪һڱ㡣

ޱؿ˼֪Լ˵Ϸжĸ첲ȷ͡
ˣҸǡǸ죬ϼǰüˣ֪֮ΪŮ͵͵ȥҩ
ҹŮץҩĴ򣬽ڼҩҩȥ򿴣Ǵ˵ЩҩǡһɫζԶ/ҩζ
۾һУʵȻˣΪβ¶о
ɵÿ׳յڸܾ裬Щҵݵģҵľָһ㣬ΪҪ¶
˵գشȣڳ˸ٷ͵һǣΪϰ

ؿһۣȻûȥ¸߸𣿱Ͼ֪֪ܣ˵취ĸ󻼡
ֲ֪֪¡ڰ֣ҾǸ߱£û֤ݣʱ򷴵˸ô죿
֪˰Цһ£Ƶ¥ȥлϰ¸֪ңһлġ
һ㶣ɫ˭
¥ϣӸµؿǸ߹ϰҷ롣
ˣɲܰҳ˰ǿʵںŸģɲܰȥ
ЦģҲġ
ҷſӣƺϰ̫β¸һǻ֮ģ취Ϊĵֻعġ


95 
λϰίʵ, δ棬ȴʲô鶼˵Ҳʲô¡Žһ¥, źЦ
˸, ͭǰ, ֽ̧ͷϵȡŵϣǿֻŮǸ˼ҵģЩ˵
ģ˵, һǺɫ֮, һݱ΢ò, ֮⣬Щûйӡ
ϰҲʲô, Ȼյз֮ҺŶÿ, ûռűˡ, Щ̲סνȥ֡
ͷɲ, λ½Ҳǿ˵㱻ˡ
ɱλ½ȥûղŵʱжô׺ݡƲƲ죬ǰｭͷ
˵Ķ, λ½ɲҪǿЦЦֵЩ鶼޹أһǱҲн
ʼ̴һػͷŴϰ飬ū澻Ϊϰͬ, ȻϰԸأ
һֱźԱҲ֪Ϊ飬ץסţ˭ܽ
ԸȻҪģͬб㲻ˡӵǽү֪²ҪѴ̳Ӵˡ
һЦǴ̹󣬵±޵ԭҲ޵غ롣
ūȥվ͸̧ˮһգݸˮ̺ⷦô̺Խ˵
˸߶ʳпҪȰҴȥ
ʲôˣ档
գգ۾ȻǶݻϰˡ
ĸ첲յԼǰȻһ
ū澶ˡһֵȻҪϰΪ£ǺôȻҪģδ뵽ūһԡ
˵˵
ūûǴΪϰ̫ΪѵԭλϰĲʥּδôǽŮ밵ʱԶԳкܶ鶼֪
ĵûʱΪûãλȻ䵽ϡλδȣֵȴС
ԭϰ̫ʱϣʵϰӣǸչºһӡ
ϰ̫ҪԼΪϰɾµȴͬ⣬ӵΪϰѾΪϰûиĵ˵
ϰ̫ȥҪԼӣҪʵּλԼӡ
ϰ̫Ǳµıãڣʮа/Żͬ⡣һ۽ǵ¿ڣͶ᲻һ
⵹ǡԻʵǸܿħֻҪһ䣬Ȼͬġ
˵İ졣°ͣѰ˼ôҪͬ¡
ǡӦ¡
ּ߶ʳһνѰæһĿյϴȭ
ҹɫˣȻһ
ϵĶƿųȥŵĹȻǷŰϰ
ū澼ϰһʵΪ˰ѰҼģ
ǣ֪ɷͨһĳƺһ⣬²ļŮˡ
ǲɣҼѾЪˡϵҪūתҪλȣ˻ؾºúò飬Ȼ¸ϰ̫
֪ǸġûӦ£ڴһأ˽ݡ
ЦҼүǵµ׵ܵܣ¡
һȻǾѣ
ԼȻûһȴ˵¼֪ԭӲЩʮ꣬ȴû뵽˶ʮʱѦıʱݴԼǰЩɱϼңϻ׽ķṦΰ
ᵽѣնһӣϧӢŻʮޣСҹ䡣
Լ˵ЩЦĻһʱ亹乡˵ûǾ֪ԼϷĻԼĹȡ
ĺ£΢΢һЦҼ˵ˣϰܰæҼҵڱǰԼ䣬Ĳگġ
ϲæ׷ʵ˻棿
Ȼ֪ĸȥʲôҲΪƹˤʱֱǡ˭֪ºȻһݻ
档ЦеҼҵñ³谮ڱǰΪԼ䣬Сһ׮
ҲûӦãҴӦˡ
Ժ󣬱תϰӦˣ
š⣬֪ܾ
ӦѣѵǸνѴӦδóϵ鷳ѣһʱò׼᲻Ӧ
ȥֽҪдšƬ̣ȥΪԼ׼īֽ⡣
еĻԼһôΪʮµķˣٻ¸һ¡
дţŵдǣµСޣһ½ǻһ־ٰĵСˡ
дŷװȻ󽻸˳ȥ
ڶһ磬ױã׼¥ű·˭֪ճű㿴˺
ҹ˯ΣѾ׼ţ¥šЦġ

ǳ鴤ɴؾܾˣõǡ
ҪҪģרŽϰĳţɣֺõ
Ҳ֪ҵݣǿԵĻϰõʶҡͷ
ʮֻɣǲǲ
㶣ԴӦ
һۣԽ¥¥¼򵥵ţ·
Լһʱκ洫˵ϰںһֱţҪҪӿٶȽ˦
ˣǰ͸ŰɣҲ쵽ˡǣȻܲܽס
˽ĻϴգһֱԶԶ׹ڽ󡣵ЪϢվȻԼȴŮոͷˡ
ҲûֻܾǽκǷݷ˳ˡ
ЩڵľٶϷ˾Ҫֲֺԭ
˿һз֮
½ŵʱ򣬽ſڷûж½ƽˡ
ܲеܣҪٹүˣ½ƱĵؿŽ㶼Ѿˣĵģ֪֪ԼѾֶˣ

ʲôһʺš


96 
ﰡ½һƨǰĵ, ̧°ͽµشһͨѵ㶼ѾǼ޹˵ŮˣΪԼû޹˵С
үֻʶ, 㲻Ҫ̫Լ¡ҺȰһ, үԶһ, ʱү㣬֪µЩ£ҿ㻹кţ
½һģ˵Աϵĸӽ, ԹԵضԱΪĲ, ཹཱུĹȥ
ֱɵģüͷ, ̲סҪ˵ȴֹˡ
ƮƮƳ½һ, ϣ°Цʵ㷽ŵĻû, ٶ˵һ顣
˵㲻һл, ʲôʸү֪Ϊʲô, ϵ΢Ц½ƾúһ˿˿⣬ʮ
ŮˣлƢٺõ, Ҳᱻ½Ƹļ
ضûеĻëѾͷ˵Ҿͽ̽㡣Цһ첲Ҫ˵֪ܣ֪ܲһû޵Ĺ׵ظ, 㸸ĸûн̹ʲô԰𣿡
ϰȻ󣬵ȴϣҲֻŻὫɸǰЩӻǰ˵㲻Ƽˮ꣬ͻֱ𡣿ɼǸ
˵˵ʲôʹ½ڵһӴӵվĲյˤϣٵҪ㹴үүҲңѾӦҵģһؾ½Ĳ
ۡδ˵ڴЦū澵ĻЩֱ½ɱ֡˵ԼûôУϰĲٲҲŵڵŮϰ˳־ȵĹŮ̻˼Ҷ磬Фϰ֮λ
˶óЩϰƭ½ƵĻȴˣʮƽ
½ɫǺ죬ҲǺ˼ҵŮξòˣҷˣԼ𣿶ѾˣŹˣǲҪ
ž
һİ½һˤϣŵ̧ͷ㾹ȻҴң
һƽջֵÿԣҷ͵ð򡣡
Ҫȥүҵţ½ƴӵݺݵһ仰Ҫ뿪
վס𣿡Į
½ƵؽŲһͣͷۿ㻹
յȪɲյһһӣȽߡ˹˻ȥת
һǮ𣿡½ʧ
ⱲӼǮƣǼĸ͵صʮӣʮӶ˵Ѿһʾ޴ǮơЩӸϰߣ˵óԺúȵرźţҲһЩǮȴûж١
û˵΢΢һЦ½ǰûҼҷǲƭǮƵġǲŵĻȥϰ
½ҧյһãôҪôǮˣ
һ˼ңû˻ò׵Ĳյģֻ֪ЦǷ
Ǯαҽƽϣ½ƺȻᣬ
ЦһҵĲյ⳥ѵӦõôҽƽϣ
ԭҰɣҲһŮи֮ȫүٺ޳ܵү£½ƹ򵽵ϣˡ
һۣȻϰȻˣǾͽɣ
ô֪ˣ߽űڨЦ
Ϊ뱩¶ݣ֪ԼݣԷ˳ƺ
ǲ֪ģ½Ȼˣұ֪үˡƤӡ
ֱ׵Ļ½һû֮⣬һĪ
Ҳ⣬ϣҲûŮӣֱ˵ؿڵүã½﷽ˤҵĲյҽ⳥ȴڶү˵˵ûжˡ
һ۵ϵƬûϳʲôߣⲻͽĻˣյһ㲻ǷƷ½⳥Ӧõġ
½ϰĻ𣿡̱ڵϵ½ơ
½Ʒ·ûĻסֿ޵үСŮӲһŮôִҪСŮ⳥ǻֱҪСŮ
Ȼ½ûʸУԼŮˣԼ޵ʱǶԼõ˼㣬Խ˲Ҫ½ˣյǮƾ⳥ɣ
俴һۣ˭Ҫ⣿
Ƿ˵˼ǣס
Ȼ½ûǮ⣬Ǿ˲赹ˮŮʲôʱһˣȥ
ͷһקԼ䣬޵ؿŮӣֿɫ䵭ĽȻԼק˳ֶԽ˵˼
ү½˵ڵأȻؿ
һӣʮ깤Ҳ갡ʱϹˣﻹҪԼ
½ƺȻǰ˼ץסȹڰҴ˷ˣҲöԲѷͷŹҰɣ
ֻҪ⳥ûҪŹһ˵ЦЦ
ҿ㷽ͦģҵĲյҴ
½ƣüʵô£
½Ʋ̧ͷֻǶԽ绪ïҲ˵
˭Ůˣ˭Ǵ˭ֲ֪ܹˣֱӣ½ơ
ңŮˣǴ֪ܵĹˡ½߳ܲѣȴֻӲͷƤ
ϴͺ𣿡°ͣ׵յԺ˵ҪӣٽҷͲһô򵥵ˡ
ķһһߵ½ţ׵񶾵ŮˣȻ˵ķЩ˿ͷĹ㣬ھʰȥ

½Ʊߵſڵϣð컺ãȻϲŮôԼŮ˵ķŮ˻
ˡüҪǰŮˡ
ͷڨЦⲻ̫ôķأ
ǿǱ۰ĵܵܣ޾£ԼλȫأǽŮ˻Լô죿
ѾϹˣ㽫ȥҪңҲƽϡ
ǡӦ£Ȼϵ½ƺǳллˣ
½ƷӦлˡ
ٴҲ̬ȵĲԾǰŮӵɫеأȴϹϾʮ־η
½ؿ۵ֻҵĲУŮ˾ʲôݣȻϰҪġ
½ֹ֮ԼϰˣŽȻһ·ڽ棬ֱ˳
˳źκֱʳǵķȥʧڽֽǵһ
ԼûƭȻǾ
뵽Ѿؾµ£¶һĨЦݣĸ϶벻ԼȻ˾¡
£λ˾Ǻݣôôأ½ƹűߣӵ̽
ŤͷһۣõôʲôҲǵġ
ԼϾ飬ܽеĸ֪һʹô죿
ֻǺ桭½ί
ʲôݣҲЩ
仰˵½ƣžžવᣬȻûдӦλ˵ĻȥŮ
ôϰҲη֣ԼǸһ㣬ϰֻ˲赹ˮŮʱʱرһ١


97 
صϢ, ûһ֪͵ͣھʱŷҪǰѯ, ȴһϤӡ
κˣŷȼˡ
κºȥп, ǻڻ·ôͻȻſڡ
ǵº𣿡ŷʵ
ܽκԸ, ˵ºˡ
κԳԯϳıӶŷûлش, ֻǵȥֳ֪ͨʷ͸, ˵ˡ
ǡŷæӦ, 漴ӻֽͬȥ֪ͨ͸ǳæᶫ, ȻϹϾغһԵȽ³
˳Ϥ, Ťͷһ潫, һЦǻ, һ·ۻˣţᰰһ
һ·ۣҲʹͣͷ˴ӵȥ
˽ݺ, ŷ⽫ȥ˺ţǰᶫ͸ᵽ괺Ժȥ
ݼһ·ݣŮϲǹһ
ֳʷҲæ˹彭ʵôһ˻, ôû
е£Ȼˡ
ԭˡֳʷһ˵ֻκǣһ˵ǼΪªҵҲûһͬ㾪һ亹
֪µˣͷˡ
һ·۳Ͷ٣ѾˣѾ˴ɨ˷괺ԺѾˮȥЪЪֳʷûµ飬ֻ񣬴Ӳǵ顣
ףһϢȱ𴫳ȥղɷ˵
ǡֳʷֻԵ㣬Ӧˡ
ˣޱ㣬ֻǵڸжϢա
һسϢ֪ʹͰ̽йҲ϶빬϶вԱŲɷ绹δ͵С
ص괺ԺŮѾ׼ˮһݱ㽫ϵȻȥ˾˸ʵˮ裬ֱݵķ˵ģŴ£Żڵˮͷ
ϴ󣬳Ҳ˷ˣ䲻ǳգӵҲܲϧθڲѣֻ˰뷹⻹һ
극˯һһ˯˰
~ë޵شиŪѵģԺ۾һϤè
ѩ򣡡һǰԲɰҳ˵ѩ򣬸˵رѩá
ʱѩҲ֪ȥҰȥˣһʱҲûԼСڼѩ򣬽ѩһȡ
ѩ·𻹼ǵɽԼë޵ϲãֱͷˣŽָצӸһơ
Сûĵģϡ㡣ҲգסצЦе
ѩбһۣ´ĿյצӣȻŵ̨ϣԼëǰСԴ
ԴֺݺݵһѣһצӺ󣬲ë
һϣŶ˽ЦתԽ˯ʱū澿ѩСèˣѾ´Сڸڵèôϲèȥȥ
ѩ򶼵ˣȣһ˫Բ۾ŵظԼëѩʵСèĵè
ˮԱһŮЦŴǸڳϳİèԺ֪ؾͻȻܣһϳҹˡѩͻˣϳ֪èõĶѩ˵Ǹѩĸǵҷá
ЦһϴһǴҾȥѩĺǣҲ֪ѩ񡣡
ֻѩִӢ̰èʮƯԲ۾Դͫ˶ʮֳԡ
ϧΪɰߵﶼͶιѩԲֺֻСĸè
ȥ֪ˣѩСèɺÿˡϴ֣ɾӵݸ֡
ǽķ׼ˣѩèҲ׼ˣŮǽèŵԱߵСϣкѩһԾСϣ彭һƵؿʼԷ
һȻǰһԷһôһ˵ҵӺˣȲ극ˡ
ˣ˹سȻڴغȲϢ
ûȥڿСè극ѩȻȥˣһȻһֻСè﷢Сè˽ǰһ
ôôɰ۵»ࡣϵСèѩһģһòȵһѪ
СèŮչ˹ˣǲˣڽ˼Ӻ˯
ѩһֻһֻذԼĺӶˣֻܹСèһֻСèнʮ־ϲΪëȻǽɫġ
ϳҵֻèǽɫģϳϡزˣЩһֱҪֻСèӣ˵ҵèӣôؼȥֳʷܾˡŮЦŵ
ֻɫСèӿãЦеֳʷöԣۼҵèӣͳǼҿûϵ
ɷǵջصģȴоռǵսǱ㶼֪˾Ϣ
ǵڶյʱ򣬹Ĳܹͻ
֪˳ǻʵ۵⣬ΪѻδԼֹԼĵܵܣòܹԼȥ
ڶһ磬»ҷسȹᰶ˽ɷڼЪϢ
˲ܹĹȻ˻ʵ۵Ӱ
󣬲ܹæ˽
Цݺ㣬̬ʮֺơ
ллȻԱϡ
ܹһԱߵĻʵۣ֪Լ׵ܵܣЦʵ;һп˲ٿɣ뱾ͱ˵˵
֪ǻʵѵ飬ż˵ˣлᵽҹϮݣȻ󽫺˸ǬԱ
ȫȻûԼĹͣȫѵӢη
Ѿȫˣֻսϲˣһϵ˰̶࣬Ҳ˲١Це˵ţѴ˻ԼЩûϳ
ܹۡͻʵЦһʵЩҪΪҪޣҲôࡣ
ֳ¸ø˲ǡܹȰ˵
ʵۿ˼ҡҡͷֻһȣδҪޡ
Сʱô࣬Լ࣬ﻹԼֳġ
ܹЦЦȻŤͷԽձڹŰɣҲ㱾ͱţٽȥ̫
ᵽ̫ӣʵϵЦࡣ
ܹл
С̫ӺͶһ˲ܹĹʵۼ񣬶ӱЦ뽭С̫ӳĬԣһԲš
̫ôˣǷ˲θڣܹͻȻʵ
С̫ӻδ˵ʵ۱㽫صϣŭ˭ģʱ˹
лҪ˵ǰøĹ룬˺ŵʱ룬Ϊ࣬±һСʱܵ¼ļapp£ڲŸ¡
ӡҵ뵽ʲôأ
¼齱301000jjңۡ


98 
С̫ӷ¿, ûаһֱˣǲԸ, Ƕȸˡ
޲˵һ, Ƣˣʵ۸
ҡС̫Ӵ
޿ҵĺܣʵָŭϲҹ, ɽ深ɣξͷǵΪ̫
ܹŵģæȰ˵̫ĽٰͣƯ, ̫ӵҲϲȫ, ̫ӵ, ڱҪӭȢ̫õĹ
Ҳһ, ôŮӣȴƫƫϲ̫ӵĸף, ƺһҲʵһֱ̫ĸ
ʵһ, ȴӲ, ﻹҪ
һ˵һб̫ӣԼԼٿҪҪӦ
Լ۰Ķӣʵÿο۾е˫ӡ
̫ӵµĸ, ۰ˣ̫ӵ²˭㻹̫ӵ£ǻġܹһ֡
ʵ۱ĻĺȻ׷ǵӰ, Ȼһ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
ԼγԸ⽫֮ĹϵŪأѦϰպ󹬺ͳʱԽ̫Ӹ󣬸Ӷ˺׽
Դӽ̫ӴԼ޹۾ԼһܣԼһ󣬱Ҳ׽Լˡ
ʵѹȴӶ֮Ĺϵһֱ㽩Ӳ
ǰ̫ӹʮѡ̫ˣ̫ѡӴϵĵŮ̫δ̫ӺȻԼ𷴵ԸȢŮΪ̫ҪȢһƷСٵŮ̫
ʵԭԺȰ˵һȴ֪رֳ̫һܣ̫ӵĹϵ㡣
ղܹ̫ţϲ˵ʲôȴʮָˡϲϲص̫Ҫ˵仰̫ȴ
ʵһ̲סԼƢ̫ӷ˻
ܹ˵ͣȻ뿴̫ӵͷԼ㵱ʲôҲû̫Ҳ顣
淣ʵĸ׽ΪȢѦ˱֮ˣҪ𣿡С̫ſӵֹǽڷףã̲ס̧ʵ
ʵɫ䣬ضС̫ӵ˭̸Щģ
С̫Ӳֻ򴽵ѾֻԸȢ̫ⱲӾˡ
ǲѦϣѦ˵ʲôʵڵһվӻ˻ʵô㻹޵Ķ𣿡
С̫򴽣۵һ˿⡣
̫ӵ¿ɱ˵ˣ⻰㸸ͷ㸸ʼǹĸô꣬㻹֪𣿡ܹ̾
ǹң֪Ǿ仰С̫ӣС̫ӺȻЦһŤͷԻʵ۵ԣĶӣ
ʵӲȣЩˤȥǲܹۼֿ콫˷ס
ȥҲûĶӣ
ʵ۳ֱߵĲյС̫ӵ˹ȥ
С̫ûܣʵʵرǸյҵͷϣϻһ˿Ѫ
ѽ̫ҽܹһ
أС̫Ӿǿؿ˻ʵһۣڳŹΪĸλսϵʿл꣬ĸΣϧĸ㣬Զ㣡
㣡
仰ͬ鳺ݺݵôڻʵ۵ͷϣĲȣȻʮǰǸһŮӣȴضԼ˵壬Һ㣡»ȪҲҪ㣡
С̫תԶȥıӰʵۺȻۡһ£³һڰѪ
˰ѡ̫ҽܹĻˣæҵطסԹȥĻʵۣŹŮ֡
ʱҳһƬҵء
̾ĵⶼЩʲô¶ôԼմпײ˻ʵۺ̫ӶѪĳأ
غһԣ̫ҽҴҸΪʵۺšü⼸λ̫ҽãսսƺ˶
ѵܹ˺һһײϣŴһӲĻʵۣһʵʲôܽ⣿
̫ҽΪѵ˶ģ䶾ԼСǴʳҲް¹ٹ۱Ӧǳڷᣬ¶ѻɵģ޽ⶾķӡ
һнⶾķӣȺӹҽǲܾѱ£ժǵԴܹŭ
̫ҽǷ׷׹¡
취һҪκñ£ܹ۾Ȼ
ǡ̫ҽǹڵϣϻ̳ϿֵӦ¡
ȥЪŰɣʱܹȻۿһ۽ߵĹŮ˻֡
ǡŮϥӦ£ǰū
һ۲ܹȴһ˿عâһ㶻ȥȴ鰧ˣƺŵһֻԼĴ
Ů񣬽ջĿӦûȥܹ
һȣһֱȵ˰ڼܹδнͳ˼
ۼĺɫ٣ŵĹŮ֪ˣҸлûȥͷλ˵һ
ﻹű£ȵȵȡŮ·ˣûлش⣬ܿȥˡ
Աߵķˣü˼Ƭ̣ܾЩ
ֲԴͷԴڻʵѪε󣬹Ȼա
ɫҲ¶֮ɫ
취жεϢ¡Ȼ̧
ᰶһۣ彭˵ͷ
֪ǲģܹǽһͷ⣬ŮҲ̤ӡҹ֪ܹǲԼˣſ˯һ
һգܹûгֵ˼ûзŽظ˼
ԭΪԼҪһֱڹɵ˵ڰʱ򣬲ܹߵŮٺȻˣ˵Ҫͳ
Щһֱڱߣ绹˹ȥŲѹŮ˵ڹźĹŮһū
ûȥƽĻǼ٣ֻҡҡͷµҪ
ˣ𣿡̽
Ů鲻䣬»ţ̫ҽ˵ģҲ֪ܲ
ģһ㶡
ǡŮٳһĨЦȺӹҽѾگյ˰ɡ
յ顭ָ֪ǻʵжһ¡
ǹǰµȥɣؼǵҪСĸ˵ζ
ھԼ
ӹ˶֪ˡ
Ůٳףϥߡ
鲻ԡ
ššüģ֪ܹ˾Ǿûʵ׶༪٣Ҫ̫Ӱһ治ТñӣԼĶӶӼ̳лλ
ѵʵѲ
ȥ⿴Ƿڵȵ쵽ſʱȻ˵ѸԼڵĶôꡣ
Լ˼֪ʲôӦ
Ȼص֪ܹΪνԼ˻
ֻѦϽսУѦϣȴ׹ɽ£䲻
ǰһڣ˹ȥ
ᰶ˷סæο𼱣书ǿµġ
˵Ķԣ²µġǿ򶨡
ϵͳڣϵͳ¡
պһϯ˳ǣ˶֪̫治ТʵѪ
ͬʱ̫棬ΪһΪ


99 
ԭΪѦ, ܰȵعˣ˭֪¸䲻ܹű»Բ, һλ̾˿
Ļŵ̫û˿ɽ, ֱѰ˴, ֿɵõĻλ˭Ըأ
ڸô죿ŽɫǵѵҪܹܲвʲôҲ֪𣿡
ôܣ̾²ҶҰˣһĻز, ҳҪڵġ
ʧٺ, ܹ㽫ԼŻ, һǲýһֱѺڹУǾûлʵж֤, ʧûʶʱĻ֪ʲô˵ʲô˵
θô󵨡૵
βңҲ۰̫ӵ, Ѧϵ𱻽֮, ̫ӵҲǰ, йԱǱģЧҵȻǱ¡̧֣ϸָڶͷ
˶ΪС̫治ТʵĲģﻹжٳ֧С̫ӣ
ʵҲǿ, ԼһĶƻλǰѦϣûѦѹƣҰĳױ¶Ĳϡ
ڲϲ統ѦϵȨ㳯Ұ񳯳֧Ϊ̫治Т, ΨŵĻӡ
ѾԼѡǶӵǻܹŹԼ·ֻ취̫ӡ
̫һ۰С壬ǻھġ
ƽ˼Ȼʵǰҽȥôˣ
˵Ǽλ̫ҽҾ£ʡ
ԣˣ
𣺡λ̫ҽļҾѱگگǲֳܹأ̽鲻
λ̫ҽҲگȻǲָܻų֤ˡ
üͷȥȻɷҴˡ
ʮ־ϲ
ǰȥһΣϧʱȥ˸Ĵҽڵۣ˸ա
Ƭ̺һɷǡüβ׹ųسü붼˵ϵ˽һ˸ҵ񣬡λرǽʿˡ
ض񡣡æҵĻѾߵ˷ǰΪ¡
ʿֻ֪֮ҪýҩҪʩҩԡղܼЧ
Ϊѵ˵⼸ճ飬Ӧ֪ҵѴˡ˵жǱ£ﶼǲܹˣǸ˹˵ŵȥ½ⶾˡ
üͷһЦǺǵؿһߵκ⣬ûа취ɾзӡ
һ㶺Ȼתһ˫񣬵а취ҵ͵ĵߣҲһнİ취
ԥƬ̣΢΢ͷзӣֻ
ֻʲô
ֻֻܵһķϵԺӣҪȥʵ޹Ļأ˵ᱻܹ֡
񣬺ԥȥ
ǡһ
ϣһʻſڵ͸һྐྵһʵô˻Ҫȥ
ɲǣȻҪ¥ĸ㣬ⲻó¥δţϽȥÿ̽ͷſڵ͸һк̾
ȻˣϽȥɣҪ͸æ
ãּǵøţҴЩ㶹ƻ㡣ЦӦ£Ȼ³
͵Ͳʳڣھ˴˸ǷŲԶľţͬ鱧Թⶼ˺üˣÿճ˸ģʲôģҲ̫ˡ
ͬҲ˸ǷⲻǺ¾ڹϣɲʧ
˲̸֪۵ǴʱѾ˳ڵһ۵լӣȻ˰Ϣؽ˹
ӿݾ֪˼̺͹Ů·ýκ⻻ϡ
̫ˡ˻·ͷһɷǵȻ˳
ôԵĺ룬ǰҲûŰ
ãԼذóҪίһ£˰ɣ
ʹãæֵƶֲԸκǱµ޹
ðɡջذס
Ȼˣκһū澴Сȥߵ̺ٷź
ͷԼı룬±ˡ
չ˺κûжԣֻǶ
šͷκһԾգۼ˷ʧںҹС
ҹգһ·ר˵Сߣ쵽ʵ۵޹ʱȻǰһȺˡ
Ľ㣬Ѳ𣿡ǰĹսǴȻһŮӵ
һΧһȦȴûҵֻ֮Ž·ͣ£ͷǰ˸Ͻȥ
ܹǰԵʶѾˣȴȺȥ̽հҵҿţⲡǲܹã϶뺦ʣöֵϡ
ɺһ곤һǳ
ԣŲ²ǼλҪȥ̽ʵۣȴܹס޹ȴɽԼˡ
˵Խˣ̧ͷƳ˼ŻŮӣһȺŮӵ˹
ǷʲôͷżȥȴǰͣһµЬͷҲһ߰
ǵùȻԼĻǾͲҪ˵ˡ
ͷҿڣ⼸λм֮ԵǿǶϳԼ
عĻū澶ʲôҲûԱߵ
ü˶һۣЩ죬̧ͷҿ
һסе֡
˷СŮˣΪǸʲôڴʱ¹Լܲסͣ±ˣȥ°ɣ˳ȥ˵һҷҵ˸壬ùŮҵո
ǡ뽭˸񣬲༸Ҵҵȥ
ʲôֻǾŮѣ
ˣϵ㻹˼Ů˵ǰŮҲʲôණ¹ɭ
㲻Ҫ˵ˣ༸׷״˸£ŹŮҴߣֻСɭɭģʮˡ
¹ͷһۣҴҸҵıӰüͷ
Сʱ͵͵ѵ˵ܹԸʲ
˴ҴһСҺΪΧ
ҲһҺ÷¹ȻԼҪϳˡ
ƽ˺Ȼͷҵ⣬¹ŮɣɹȻ˸С̫ཫǴ˽ȥ
к£šüͷؿʵʱȴȻԼ̧ͷ
͵һ˵ȴָڴߡꡱһҵū澶˻ѰһѰ
Ӧһתɣ
ǻʵߵܹܣûʵ۵ΣҪΪʵ۽ⶾҪİ
˲ɻֽвĹŮȥżȱµ𣿡
ǲǻˣūž֪²£
ҡҡͷûл
ɱһ۵״һĨεĽʲô취ܾȱ𣿡
ҴΪ½ⶾε֮⣬ҰĪҹﶼǲܹˣҲһлܸ½ⶾ
ģ½ūţɫֻҪܽϵĶˣܹһɸ
תףַ̧ߴ˼ԱߵĴȻƵ
۾һɣκƿһ׷ԲԵϵӴ˽
ԭҼҵµӡ򵥵ؽһ¡
æڴԵȣūȥĹŮ֧ΪΡ
ܹ⽫ԼĶϻλԼΧסҵʵ޹źĹ˻ǻʵԼˣֻ޷紫Ϣˡ
Ͼÿնд̽ʵۣóȻ˻ʵźĹˣЩǵĻɡ
šһ˦ָֻǸɷǵģ·𷽲ǸǱĲԼ
ҪһЩҩ취ŪҩӵЩҩҴҪõģҸе
ͬűģūһô¡
˱ȺһӺŽȥ˻ʵ۵޵
ſūЪҹˣЩƣ룬ԱߵĵϣԼСһ
ҲŹǷϣ۾˯˹ȥ
ֱɫɲŴ˽վʵôˣ
¶һĨЦ⣬ƶѾΪʩҩԡԼٹձ
һֻӹǳ׻ˣǽ˶ҲŲ˶á
ĬƬ̣תʵֱеĶ
΢ƽＴ˶ɣɾµʳáƶ۱ӦѾЩͷжԭǱ³õﱻ˴ۡ
ɫһ䣬ȴûж˵ʲôֻǳлȻԼĸɶӶ˷˽
ùź󣬽ڹУȻɵİµ͵س˹
뿪ſڲãʹ˸ɫԼذףȻ˵һԣȻ˽
һ򿪣һԼ̧ܿҪȥȴ˵ӡ
̫ӵ£ȵ
С̫ӹһ٣ϳǾˣ漴ŤͷȻ˽Сôǣ
ذ׷£С̫ؿڴѾ˿ڵҹ빬˱£ɽͳ̫ӵڴˣ˵
ʵۣС̫۽һæʵ𣿡
ҡҡͷδ
С̫ʧصͷǹ²ã죬˵ĶԣȷʵΪ
ɫ԰ףͷϻź飬ʱҪһ㡣
εԭ򡣡̾ΪԼ˸ףУ˶պִ̫ʱ򶾷²Ĵ
С̫һж˭µĶ
ҡͷ𣿡
Ѿҵ˽ⶾķӣպ±ֻӹѾˣǳŲ˶á
С̫һ˿ᡣ
̫ӻδ˵Ϊôˣ
С̫ӻ񣬺ȻҵؿǲܹˣҪлԲá
Ѿ𣿡ŭ
̫һ񱻿һ治ТЩʵ۵ñӣҲǲϵ˸ġ
С̫סؿڵԲĿŵԸʵº󣬲̶ʮձѾð岨̿ɱ¡
Դӻʵ۵ºС̫һֱʵ۵棬ȴܹסųǵ治ТҪ׵ſϰݡ
δ˵ʲôҲΪ˼С̫֪ӲãԼ
С̫ӵǷϿȴû˵ʲôȵصæκ˽С̫ӷݣȻ˸ҽΡ
ȸҽС̫Ӱ˿ڣСֺ̫Ȼһ߶Ÿʣһ߶ĸףֲòָŮվƸС̫ӽ¡
ȵС̫Ӳˣһ鸡ػԼӡ
սң㱻ſڣǽôס
ءһһҧԼڱǵĴϣ
˻ѵһסǱ
һɣɵ㶵̧Ȼ󿴵һϤӡ
𣿡̧ḧѵգȻصؿ㻹֪ѽһΪΪ
Ϊ𣿡ѿžžવ䣬۵æסһΪһôأ
ӣʵôкһŵΪˡ
ǱĴ˴λΪ˻ֵ£´ݾߣԱ㲻š֪ϴ
ǽϣ۾ʣյҵţҪװʧٸϻ𣿡
š㷢Ҫǲϵóˡ
ѵĸ첲״ܹһֱҿѺڹҪΪǾ綼ŪˡʧٺвңҪز϶ȷͷһ취ɱڡ
һ˿ŭ⣬ģ˵ġԹڼеţʱ׽˸Ǹɺã
áͷûĻ档
㷢һԽôյ˼ҲԹԵزԼ
ȵŮˣѲŽſͳƵȥŰɣ
Լ֣۾һգҲգض·Ҫʱ䲹
ҡҡͷε
˵£̫ˣǼأȻ
üֵ֪ˡ
εΡ˸߳ҵţ˼µϵͳȻ֡
һӺᱻƬΪԾѡ
1.·.
2.ԭص

ɫһˡ.ݣԪӨףɫ͵ǰⴧգ̩֪ͨӺδ
лҪ˵׼µģоݱȽ٣һ¡


100 

˸ɵ¶
ѵĴ, ޱضǰϵͳ壬ǳ鴤һ뽫ϵͳĳ嶯
ԭΪ⹷ϵͳϻһ, ϾԵү, ܱʮ, ʱʱܻ̿𳵵ĺá
վԼ̫ᣬϵͳԻƱĲ˳ʺʼ, 󶼻
Ťͷ͵һ, ֪, δ¡
˵ҲбȽ߳ܵ񣬵Ǽ߳, 죬һԼѵ, ɵĻͻû
ڵѸԼ֮߳, ϵѡԼ߳ġ
ϵͳ֮, ѽŲͣ£Źֹ죬
ϱöˣ۾Ťͷ, ࡣ

һ㶣ʶԱŲһ¡
Ҫȥδסĸ첲
ңƳպƵİǳ鴤һ¡
Ȼ֪ϵͳ񣬿ɽǾãѵƶһ, ð̹⡣
˷ֿһ£ȴ㼢ͣýʶҪˡ
ѱ齩һ£Ȼһ۲һһȻãӦ

ĽԵ˼£ܾҲ
ѷֽҵŹϣ˷ŵϵ㣬
Ҫ˵ȴĵؿԼսߵĻ˻ȥЭðɣ
ѺȻЦˣͬɽ֮۵ıѩ˲ڻȻԴԡ

ְϣɤ֮Դ׼ˣ㿪ʼɣ
гһգһҪϵͳͶˣɾ//ɫ/飬ߣ
ڴ֮ǰһ£һĵ¾ȵģ~
뽭Ŀϣ˰Ȼס۾ͳҪ񿴱
ţҪȥ֡
ȴѽĻ̲סġ

㬵ջ֣۽޿ٲ˼£Ȼ˫۲˵ˡ
ǰ죬ҪԼԷҪǹĻŲһӣԺŮ֪Լʲôˡ
ѿɵģָ˶ָҪ۸ĳ嶯ֻǴӣ̧ؽ⿪
۽գգ£㲻˵ҪҶΪʲôҪҵ·
ش𣬽Ȼ~֪ˣǰտ˸ӣƭԼñҪҶǲǾ
˵ɤӣεεؽ磬㡭ʲô
ΪʲôҪ·~
Ѻĺһ£磬Ҫˣɣ
𴽽ǣ¶һЦ
ĿԽضɰ׵СĻЦ۵ףð֮ɤƵ浱Ҷ𣿡
ûСЦݣҡҡͷһ޹ģ
ؿһۣȻԪӨףɫ͵ǰⴧգ̩֪ͨӺδ
һûһߺյ˼
ƳƳ죬ֳ浭ȻֻǶʲôƽһ㣬ЩȤ
תת¶ʲôܸҽһ𣿡
Ͳţһֱ治ɫ
ûѳʵĿϻ
صͷ
Ǳʲô˼̵ؽ̧ĸ첲һһƣͣļϣȻָ½˽ȥ
ЩָһڵӣһץסԼ̵ͦط֣˲ˣǲˡ
㷽Ų˵Լ֪Ǻ⣬Խ㣬ȻֲˣûжԾɸǴ
ַϣܸоֵֹأֹֻǽһ˼ûеؽҡ
ţü
ûʲôٽˣ֪ʲô˼ȥͼִ½
ȴһֻ֣ļϣȻˣ뱾һ飬֪ǲĶˡ

ĵؿҪ
ξͲҪˣסϸذţƤӡ
һ㾹Ȼ˼ҶǡҪҷ룬˵Ҫ
˼ֻһɰаŮӡסԼ

һ
໣ôɴ۾
аЦһһ̽ԼĻЦЦȷ

һ죬ͦͦŵȷ
Ŷ䵭ӦһȻǡаŮӣ
صץá
ֱ׳㲻𣿡
ѿһû˵
ȴԼץİѱ޶ѵͷ̾ǲˣԭ£Ҳǻ͵͵ڱ￴С飬һûʲô𰡣

ֻǾؿûн͡
Цһ㱻񿴵ľЩˣЦݽؽӲʲô
ûʲôѴ
ûʲôһߣԼѾ⿪½󣬶ûעʲôʱ򱻽⿪ġ
Ȼˣѱӿٶȣ±㽫·ѾֻʣһǶ㡣
ʱŲæص£ˡ
һ٣ּ·
ɴӣһ˼£㡭㲻ҪѪϴǹɡ

⣬Ȼ̽һ£Ȼ˹ջ֣صһѣ´·ȼϣ¹˱ٺúֻ
ٺ١Լ·һҲв
Ƚ·ѾˣŰãŴҴһʱ֪ȥһС̫ǡ
򵥵ùźѽн򵥵ؽʵ۵Ĳ˵һ£彣š
ûлһû֪ϴǲˣԼϴϴ˯ˡ
ڶ̫ʧٵϢԲֳܹΪ׵ĳǷ׷ӵӣӵǻΪۡ
ֻǻԲѣһѹһТ˳ʣͬ£ܹԴǵؾܾ¼࣬Ҳ˵ȴ治飡
Ҿɹһ޾̫ӵ治Т̳дͳ̫ӵҲ䲻ֻԶգǶӲǻΪ۵Ļ½ң
Ӽλ
Ӽλ
ŲܼΪ׵ĳǹ£Щӵʵ۵ĳҲ£֮ϼվ֮ˡ
ܹһԣ¶һĨ΢Ц
˭뵽Ѧϴѹô꣬Ӧô꣬λȴԼʶģ
ѦϳıһӣڱµһӣЦȴԼ
һУҪлѦµĶ
ܹҪЦסˣŤͷЦŶԶӵȻˣʶȥ㸸ʸ
ǡӦ¡


101 
չĺ˳, ڳ֮£ȥ˻ʵ۵޹ڻʵ۴ͷ
ʴﶦʢ, ҹд, ԽȻʱڴ, ̫ӣң棬, , Ȼһ޾, λ˿ధ󣬶겻Ҵ, Ψ̣_, ֮, պ󸸻, ¶֮Ρ
˵Щؿһۻʵ۲԰׵ɫȻڵؿ˸ͷ
̫ӡԲѣܹᣬ˵ؿŻʵ۵Ǳ, ֪ʶΣġ
ǾԼڳǰʧϵɾӽռλ֮٣պ, ̫ӵ»Ӷλǻ
ؿŻʵۣȻջĿ⣬ɤӵĸԣҵպֳǹλǻ
ǸԼҪõˣڴ·һͷʨĺ꣬ݺצȫϻ䣬ҲԼκˡ
Լֳ̫Ҳ䲻ԼҲҪɫ¡
ָоһ󳩿죬Ѿ̲סʼԼλӣ¶һĨȵعâ
ɵ˲δǿǰĵӰ̾˿ƣȻ̫ӵӡ
̫δʧ٣治Тһ㲻̳лλ
˵ˣ̫ӵ±ϾǴܹ
Ǵ²λҡͷʧ
ǻʵһģԻʵĲ»ʵΣλһλȻԸӵĻӡ
̫治Т˭֪гһգ᲻Ϊ鱩ı
ע⵽ʵ۵۽޲˲ڱֽץסµı졣
Ҳ֪ǲżӼλӺܿͶպ
ܹĸӶ˵õԼҪĶ̫ҽԻʵ۶θѾĿܣֻò㳹׷ģרæ˶Ӻռλ
ҵڳŨŨҩζصдһҵؿҪҪȳ
£򲻿ٶλ𡭡ɷŻʵȰ˵
ոĻʵɫ԰ףؿϣֶҪ´ޡҪȥǸôҶ̫Ӷ֡
ܿĺӣϺǸô
Ժ߳üǰסʵ۵ֲҪż̫£ڳܸˡǰսͽ;з̫ӶУ㽫̫Ӵ
ʵһһסѵ֣۽һλǵˮ̫ҺáСС塣
ˣѦϵ̫֮Ĵ˼ѡȨ㳯ҰѦϵһֱ֧̫ӣѦϵˣ̫ڳϿõ޼ȲԼĵܵܡ
ԭԼᣬһпʱ̵̫ӣΪ̺·
ж֪Լʱղˣ̫ӵҲʺϵ
ѣҪҪӦպúõش̫ӡ㡭ĵʵ۽ץѵ֣仰Ĺͷ󺹡
Եúø̫ӡü
ʵҡͷ޲˼
Ŀѵϣѵ̫ףݲɳӡɽ⻼뽫ҵĽɽ㡭
Ȼ޵ĵܵܣȴӣϣ㡭
ǸʳݣŮɫʹݰѳɽʮ꣬ԼⱲӵԸǿݣɽ
κ͸Լ˶һǻȴ޻ʩչΨһҪıȨλһӳ嶯ʵ۵ϡ
иܵܣ书һȣѦϣϳֻܺˣ׽ϻ壬Ϊһڻѹ˰
Ϊۣ
ʵ۲԰׵һ˿˷ܣҲˣһԣ
üͷڻʵǰ£ˡܲ
δʲôʵۡ
ӻÿˣϲɽˮʹѦ֮ƽ󣬱ȥԼķأĴɽˮ
Ӧʵ־ҵؿѣֵӲˣ̫ۣӦԲЩϼ޻س
ѦȻӣȴδױ𣬶ɽȻλʱĻ޶ȣ¹˥ܣʳ²壬ԼЩһΪ񣬵ѦϵԵվЧ΢
ܿԸ̫ӡѾܾؼΡ
ѾȬʵ۵Ļδ˵꣬ײѵĿ⡣
۵׵ļ֣ʵۿһ㵱治Ը
û˵ʵһöԼľġ
ʵؿʧ̫̫£ѦһģҪȢһС֮ŮΪ̫ǻΪۣ񸸻ʡ
ǵȵλʱӹ޵ɵ᯹лӡԼΪӣȴҪĸưܵĹŲи䷹յԼ
̧ͷᶨġ
ţʵһ
̫Ըȵ۲֮ͬɫ
ʵؿ֮ϣˡ
ҪδòܹͶӣѳĬƬ̺ʵ
ʵ뵽Ļɫ˱ϴӡΪǰء
̾һƺǶϤһС
ܹĸӲΪ壬Եʵһбеĺ˳
ڶӼλգʵۺȻڳ֮ϣܹĸӴʧɫɫ԰ֽ
벻޻ʵۿɵļϣһ
£ˣܹϵĻ֮ɫҴҵʵ˹ȥ
ʵ۲Ϊӻ˽ܹȥϿһֽĶӣȻּӱΪ
䣬޺ʧʵ۵һ仰ж˲ףʻѾ˹ԼĸһѾ۵ס
ͨһˡ
ʵɨһδ˵ת򳯳ǳԼ˴ʵԭȻֽ˼ּ⣬ܼҼǣ˴ĳǴΣȻ󽫱Ѻگ̫ҽ̫ҽǵļҾ춼˳
ȻʵϢʱѾˡ
ѴһɫĺʱԺɹ̫ϤĽŲʱһ˽Ļ
ѵӣǴһֻɫЩƣ룬ϲû˲һ
ȥгЩ˶նڹУûгԺ˯ãⶼһȦ£һȵĲˮȻһ۵
ǡϥӦ£æȥ˳š
ûоܾյĲˮһ
תתȻԱ߼˼Լ⼸շ顣
ѽյ£ؽ⼸յ򵥵˵һ飬ӹ˻ʵҪλԼһ²ᣬŽ糿˵˼䡣
ܹĸӿʱʧɫæҪ͡ɻѾ֪һУȻᱻɱΣǵڷ˲ܹӱΪ
ŽֵȻʵ뵱ʺ󣿡
ŹǷԵɴӣסѵ˫һ˼ЩΣհʵۻʺôΣְҵʺɱ벻ȥԼֶλ
ʵ۵ĲȻôΣյ˼룿
ЦԷǵס֣ҡͷҲֻ˵Ļˡ
ǧЩ˼ҵ̸治Ҳ뿴ˡ͵
˵ףʵǴ̳ӷѵ˵ıǼ⡣
һ°ҧһڣװͰ͵֪ͺá


102 
§һ, ǵ˵һŮ˷ù, ۵, ǿӲȥЪϢ
ûоܾ, Դɫº͵һݡ
ͱһ𡣡ɵϺ󣬼Ҫתȥס˽
á΢΢һ, °ɫĺ, Ȼɵߵ˯, ȿ顣
ѱסֵҪЩӣñμǶ
ðɡƲƲ졣
һ, Լǰӡ
´ȥһμǣȻɵ, μǶ
ܰ, ӰͶڴ, 䣬Խϵغƽ
ڽΪѾ˯˵ʱȻϲ𣿡

ݣķؾǾ, ΪͻȻôʣ
ͷϲ
Ѵһи̲һɫıʯждʫ㲻ϲ𣿴ȥˣȥ̲Ե㡣
ҪȥأǱµ˼𣿡ͷ
ɱֵۣҲȥ, ȥʱھϡϲèĻֻʱǴèȥ㣬ֻǲǰռλá
ԽʧЦ绪ïôˡ
ã֤ǰռµλá飬ſﺬ¹滮ô࣬ôûǵĺأôÿʱ϶ÿޡ
ѵӺȻ۵һôͻȻᵽˣ
ԣȻ²һֱڴߵСǳôˣҲˡ
ʮԼҲʮˣҪˣ˵ĺӺһǸСƯ
뵽˲˷۾أ£Сɣ
Ӵѵϣһȥһֻ־׼סСѡ
գۼ䣬Ǵ㾫
ϷˣҲؿ棬Ҫѵϵ·
һֱָֻϣˡ
ţ̧ͷɻؿѡ
ѱܿĿҹδЪϢЩۡ
มӦһ̵ɿɵԱߣ
ĴȽ٣ÿԼѶҪȴܾˡ
ղŶʯˣȴ̬ȼؾܾԼѵ˵Լˣ
˸ѣ̲ס͵һۣ̲ס˼
һԲĬغ˯ˡ
СȻͲԼΪ󻶱ܱ̫ˣֻð۾װƵʲôҲû
һߵҲûǱı۾˯ˡ
ʱѲתĿ⸴ӵؿ
Ϊ˯ǰԭüĽһ˵ģģεϧ
̾һ§ԼĻĿƺܽ档
ίˡܵ͡
С̫˼յˣڼ佭ȥΡ
һʱС̫ӽѽסˣС壬ҿһ𣿡
˶һۣ΢΢һЦȻȥ׼ˣ̫ӵġ
أСҲ¡С̫ɫ԰ס
һۣԼŲĿ⣬С̫ЦЦû˵
С̫ӿѣƬ̺ʵС壬һʲ֪ɲԻشҡ
ĸ׺͸𣿡ѷʡ
ô֪С̫ʡ
Ƴһ۵㸸ֳ˴»ΪʲôǸô£
ʵһͽС̫ӺͻʵľѲܲµ
С̫ߺյҲϲϡֻΪҸǰȥѦϣĸߵˣ˵Ҹʺĸ֮顭
Ϊĸ׵㸸ʣԲҪü
ǡС̫ӱ粵Ҳ
ҪʲôûԵģֱ˵ʵ
֪Щ˺Ѧ˵ĿģҸɱĸ𣿡С̫ӵЩţһĺǸµĻش
ȴʵأ
ҡҲҸʻ顣С̫򴽵
ȻţΪҪô㸸ʲ˵飿ƤӣǱģŻǲأ
˱Ҫع㸸֣㸸Ѿˣһۡ
ҡС̫졣
ˣ̾µ˼ǣ̫ӵˣֱӻعʱ£ǵˡ
С̫ԿѣȻصͷ֪ˣлСС
Ϊɲɣպˡ
֪ˡС̫ӹһ
ԿԺ뿪һǰԺڻط괺Ժ·ϣѴӰԼԶԶأüͷôô
ȶ̣ߵҪǵ㲻ͷĻȻȥ¶һЦ
ԣѺȻͣתͷôˣ
ûôûط˸ۡ
˺üյˣȻԼôˡ
ˣѿƬʵ
û㿴ˡ
ˡõƶ
ΪʲôˣšüһȻΪ󻶣ûдӦ𣿡
ô󻶣ԼܼƵģ
޺޵ϲһţһ֪̫ӣȴԼҲû
Ϊû֣⼸ԼˣǴӻʹ쿪ʼ
ѵɫ˱䣬û˵
ƳһۣűȹӾˣԭء
С̫ӵѾ˺ܶ࣬µ֮󣬵ڶձ˹
عĵһ²Ǵڶˣǽ̴ǽԼȥ˻ʵ۵޹ĬĬع޹档
ʵ۴ӻ˯֪ºæ˽˽
С̫ӽֺȻЩ޴룬Ӷ˱ǲԴ֮ˣֱŤ˽һ꣬ʱ˶һҺȻ㲻֪˵ʲôˡ
ǻʵʶذһüʵʲô
һڣԼЩأֲԸֻͣÿϱһ
С̫ӳĬƬ̣뵽Ծ뿪ǰССԼ˵Ļǿڵϴġ
ʵһڵŤͷ֪˾УûµĻͻضȥ޻ҪЪϢ
ڹĶ𣿡С̫ӺȻʵ
ʵۿһôص˲úţܵʲôĸʣҲ֪Ķӵġ
С̫кȻЩɬ͵͵ؿڵˣ
¡ʵЩ̫ܳѾûôԵغԼ˵ˣԥƬ̺Ȣ̫Ҳǲɣֻպ֮ϵҪͷۡ޵Ӳǿ˲ãպѴȥСæСǸģ߾ȫġ
С̫ۿȻˣɳƵĻȢϣ̫ҽһ취κġ
ʵôãԼף۰Լʮ꣬С̫ӻǰʵ۵ġ
ʵ˵Լӣбʹ
ʵ̽Դûпܵ˼̾ͨˣϲҪģֻ񸸻һ
С̫ҡҡͷϲϡ
ΪΡʵʡ
С̫ӴǸֻ뱾йһ֮ԵǶ£ֻԡ
ʵּԥƬ̺ʵѦ˵ĸģΪͱԺĹ˽ͨȻ˸˶𣿡
ȻǣʵۺȻ洽Ե޾֪Ѧ䣡
龿ģ̫ӿ
Ժһң֪Ϊ£ȫҶԼĸʴ˵ǸܼңǱǧжġ
ûмسޣǲԼпѦ˵ԭ
ӳذ﷭ĸǰµżµֻƬƴճһЩѦϵĻ
ʹ޷۰ԼʮĸףһŻ˼
ʵ۵ĿЩ񣬿˺һڣ֮ĸȻǸŮӣԸȴΪǿԴȢѦ֮㽫ԼԺﲻϼޣҲ˵ÿȥǿһԡ
ѦݲĸףĸױϼңһϡȻǲͬ⣬㲻ĸ׵Ը˱Ժ㣬Цݱ㽥Ȼǲ˵ȴΪġ
ֱ㱻޻ѦϣѦϴ˱ԺǸӵĸ׵ˤʱѦϿĽȥԺĴˣֱĸ׺Ȼûˣ޲֪ԭѦ޵壬˸ĸ׹඾/ҩЩҩҹĥ֪ʱѾˡ
ԭС̫ĸ׵ǰжôʹࡣ
ʵۺһȣ˻ȥ㻹ڹָ𣿡
С̫ҡҡͷС˵Ķԣ˵ĻӦûġ
ѵϱʵ˼Ƭ̣ͷСȢ˸
ˣˣҲضȥɡû˵仰һС̫Ӳ԰׵ɫʼˡ
ǡС̫û˵ʲôֻǰɺúźʵۣȻ뿪ˡ
ѵⳡսС£Ȼֻǽս
˵ÿҪ§Ž˯ֻϰݵؿԼ
˵ʵһҲûƣ˾ʮֺÿɰ
˰µս󣬽ܲѣ϶˾޵ʱȻԼͷһԲߡ
һ㶣һѽסʵôˣ㱧ͷҪȥδ
ס
ʱˣȻ
ǰ͹̣챧Żһ㷴ӦҲûУ˵ǲǹģһᣬȻʵ㲻ˣ

סļ򣬡ģ͡
ǲˣ۵һоͲˣҪɫ


103 

ǳһ, û뵽ԼԶô󣬾ȻԼǲǲˡ
˵˵
ǵҸĽͣΪմӹԺ, ͱú֡ŲΪԼС, űء
Ļ, ϵĵЦ
һƬɫĿƺʲô飬ѹȻ͵ͳ
֪Ϊ, һĨɫ
ôɫأһԼˡ
ɡӹûԼ, ÿֻǱԼ˯, Ը
ѵ˵Լ˵˵ˣڹ˵Сѣ
, ԼģǱºգ
ͷɫһһ, ϸָѹ, ҾǺ˵˵, ûʲôǹȥģҪ˲õԺ˵˵ǲ߱˵ģҲ㣬ῴ, 㲻ҪԱ
֣˵ĺ
ԱѴǰŮӣȴֻܿɢٵԴüʵΪԱ
ƺΣ̾˿̧ͷҶµ, Ȼ̧˼ǵվ֪ġ
㡭֪ˣȭͷ
Ƴ֪ԼͷҲµġ
밲οֲ֪Ӻΰοϵģ˵ֱ̫ˣһ벻ô죿
˼Ƭ̺ѵļʵ½ҽ𣿻κõϣ𣿡
ѱ΢򣬳ĬƬ̺ش𣺡ϣã
ЩӣǲԸǺѪҪӡ
ſԼϣ˵ҪԼʱԼεĲֱӡ
ϲӣɻⱲԼһӡ֪Ļжôʧ
һ£οβҲûϵ
εվĿյϣȻ
룬ԼղƢֱ˿Ρ
ԴϲӣҲԡ
ҡҡͷˡ
ҪӣΪҪѵĺӣ㱧һӾϲġ
Ѽ䣬һɬУƻϸĸ첲ϣͷù˯ɡ
ş̌ͷһۣԼ̵ظֻصҡ
˦ϵľ죬ɵϱӣһ˫ԲѣһеĹģ
ԽΣֽ̧ϵ˶ӰͶڴϵǽϣԵʮָߴ
ܿѵ·ɵϽ§ɢͷر۾
ֹ˼գգۼ㵽̫ѡա
峿ѵĺ磬ߵһʱڴ֦ͷıߴߴĽ
۾ԼſѵĻѻûѡ
ӣſڴͷѣָĵĺϷͦı䵽촽ϡ
ԴһôҲ
ʱ˫ÿķĿĿȫȻƸѹģ
һ㶣ʲôʱѵģ
㿴ĵһۡһɳơ
ûлͷֽ̧ڷõǰһ࣬һ潫˿˳һ˸ǷȻǾɣµȻˣǱ¸̫ѡ̫ӣҵ
ѦϺͲܹȥ֮ûµӣʵ۱ĹŮ빬μӻ磬Լæ⡣
ʵǴϵŮǰӶһ£Լѡ̫̫Ӳϲٰⳡ磬̫Լѡ
ճ֮⣬мλҲҪȥǶԼҺѡϱ࿴ľ飬ֻһ㾭ҲûС߶߶˵ҽվȥģҲܳٵҲϿҼǵ̫ӵ½Ҳۣ
˻ʵ⣬С̫׽˱ԼС壬ѡĴȻҪѰæııġ
ڴϣıӰʱſʼʱһٳҲ١
ôŤͷ
šѺȻסͳöʱ磬˯һ
գգ۾ҡҡͷܾҹ˯磬һҲҪǻûԼ˯һǣȥ԰ߡ

§סָ½޷һˡ

ӵɴһסԼؿڵ֣ɲؿҪʲô
ǲǡԼǸ˼
˯ͳˡ

ɴӣͰ͵ô˯
ѵ˵ֽʲô¶
лҪǾֻܽˡʱˣԴǵľܾУ
ţѵΪΪжԱУ֤Լ
Ҫ̬ĵ·Ϸչ
ᣬԭΪԼõľ籾ڿǡ
ΪβУˣü˼һ£ǰǰģӦûûӡ
ԶԶԣͷ絷⣬ˡ
ƭѿ

Ϊξܾ򴽲á
Դ£ˣƽûʲô㲻ҪԱҲҪñĶңҡ
Ķһ
ûпԴȻϲµ壬Ҹϲˣвжûϵġ
ıףѵɫŹ
ǲʲô
Ȼ˵ԼԼвӿһɻϲͬʱҲЩЦԷǡ
ΪУĬƬ̺ʵ
̧ͷ
ģѽ§°͸ͷȻЦôôɵ
ɵˣٱҲ֪Լʲôǻ𶯣΢΢һ£ĻյҪЦˣ
ãЦЦ
šһ£װͰ͵㻹Ц
ۡѹЦһЦһ氮ķ˿

ƹˤƾЦԼݵȻǵ㾿ôˣ
Цһ£漴뵽Լжܵô죬ԭܽܣƬ̺󿪿ڵ֪һ򲻺ã̫ҽԱʮꡣ
ǵ½궼ʮˡ
õĺ֣ȻͲҩˡѿ۾˵ȻȬˣպüѡ
⣿գգ۾
ţ
Ͳɣر࣬ҾѪѣӵĻһҲҡڰֲ
ңҪ˺ӣҾͲǵΨһСˡȵ
û뵽ӦƬ̺ɫģ䱦Ψһˡ
Цˣһ˵ѻЦ£ߵɣ
֪ղĻʱԼжôĿ죡
ЦЦƿסĺȥһֽ⿪·
Ľǽ˻硣
˴λǻʵµɾٰģδĸӣ֮Цس֣Ȼְϡ
ɩʲôæҪ
סñ´˴˵ǽǼ˰æȴ֪Ӧִµǵ㡣
ңεЦЦһ㾭ҲûУǾɩ֡
G̫ӵµĸȻ֡˲ɷ˵ؽλϣģǻġ
ڳ죬˵Ѿձɽ׼⾣Ϊ̫ӣԼүҪܵܣҲڶԽϿ
λɩɩ̫ӵµĸֶ곤ңһǺһɣЦЦȥ¹Աš
˼ˣҲûǿΪ곤Ϸ
¹ЦСҶЩûˣȥ˳㿴ѩ򡣡
áЦӦ¡
ϴζ˼棬ǻʵжԣԼװһСŮ¹ԼΧ
ЩﶼƯҲ֪һλΪҵɩӡ¹һԲ裬һؿ·ҸʽСæۣСλã
ҡҡͷҿŶãҲһõġ
¹һЦС̫ˣҲټ֡
ǸɫȹɵĵŮɣƽŰ裬ʱλҵĿ
Ǹ·ģĸҵСŮƢʮֽݣǶ˵ƢСֹҿɲｿǶ񶾡
Цһ·ĹŮǣλǴ޹أƢΣ
Ҳʶ޹븸ĸһû¹ҡҡͷЩ˼
޷翪ʼ֪ˡ
¹˵һ̧ʱ򣬺ȻضԼ
һ£΢΢һЦǴк
ͬʱҲλϰҲ֪ôˡЩӷ̫࣬ȻǼ¸ˡ
ü֪ΪȻЩ


104 
ν, ʵϲ̫ӵѡ磬˶֪Դûú, ˿, о
о, ȫˣҲ֪λźɫŮӣǻʵĴ޼ҵŮ̷
޼ŵڣ, ԭΪ̷Ǹ廪Ů, û뵽ȴһˮ, ϻӤʵС
⡭⡭¹۾һգҲգضŴ̷
ţʵô, ﲻף
¹֣ҡҡͷðǵҲ̫ɰ˰ȣ

ͦɰġͬص˵ͷ
ϲλ޹, Ҫҵɩɩɣ¹ŤͷŽҡҡ
ĬƬ̵һ, Ǹ̫Ӹѡ, Ǹѡ
԰㲻Ҫ¶һպıòã
ҪǸѡǸöáһۡ

ģһС˵һոѡһλһ顣
ǲˡ¹æ֡
о֮˱к԰й䣬Ȼ÷Ϊ, ʲôʽһա
ֿ޸ǳ¹ڽ󣬿԰ĹŮǣɸ̾
ͷͬĹ۵㡣
㡣԰߶ʱȻԱС߳Ů, ɫЩ
פŷǽöˡ
ô⣿ʵ
𣺡Ǻĸһġ
ᵽǶ˱һΪ֪̫ӵ½ѡȴûиԼĸһˡ
еĸӦǼĸǸáһΣֻǵ߰޲ñǿ׿ˡ
š΢΢ףûɵ˼
˵Ҫߣ˽ס
㻹к£
ͷһ¹һۣɷһ˵
ԼȥɣҴ㡣Ťͷ¹˵
¹ؿһ۽öˣԽˣССĵ㣬Ҫ¾ͽŮҡ
İɣһѣЦŵ
¹ӰʧΧҲûʲôӰˣЦ⣬תͷޱʵʲô¾Ϳ˵ɣҴҪȥǰ档
֦ͷˣƲˣ˵仰Ĺû𣿡
бһۣл˵ƨţ˵öԣûкĵĹ򡣡
㣡۾һɣʲôҪãΪԼܼ޸
һҾãĽʺҲûãҼҵ²Ųῴĳ˹֡
㾹Ȼ˵ҳ󣡡һ뽭ۣȴһס
öԴ񣡡ǳסȻǸεǧҪֱڿ죬ûʲô˼
ûл˼˭أ
ƤӣûʱǷϻʲôͿ˵
ҧҧƬ̺ʵ˵̫ѡǴæ࿴
ô۾
ԼѲҪ̫ӵ⣿òǿ̫λ˰ɣ
Ǵô븮˵һʹ˸ûأĴ취Ҳ·ĸŵԽġ
ΪҪ˵ѵ̫
˺²ôæ࿴Ǵպ󶨲Ķ顣
ۡЩԼĿˮǺһѾؿŽʵΪʲôҪ㣿
ｭ˻ȣ󵽣Ҫǽ浱̫Լպкӹ
ǶǽҵŮԼΪΣѵ˵㲻ңɫһ䡣
ʲôЦһ㣬ǾӹڣΪҪ벻Լ鷳ǹٶ񶾣ΪٻֶΣ浱ʲôҲ
һǸ߹ǵ߳ģԭΪԴйһӦòٳǰˡ˭֪ǾȻҳ֣뵱̫ƾʲôһǣ
һһףǶǽˡ
˰֣Ὥңڽҹʲôӣǲǵȴǵá
ҺôˣΪԼܼ޸ڵĺӡǸǣǾͲæ̲סˣվ
ԭǻ֪ҵģ⸱ģһΪծġƳһҪԼϵָ̧
Ҫȥߵ
ھȥɣҵš⣬ļ򣬡ҺȰһ䣬̫λӲФģȥɣǳײˣҿɲġ
㱳ڣС֪Ǹİǣ͸ýиװ޸Ǹ򣡡
ɫһٶ˵һ䣬ھͽ˽ϳȥʱ˶֪ǽö˵Ҳȫޡ
㣡
࿴һ۽һ˿סԼã򴽸ʵˡ£Ȼ㲻ԸæǱ㲻ˡ뾣¶ԶҪؽ˳ǡ
㼪ԡЦؿŶˡ
޵Ůżίˣұֵܽóɽǻ
ŽңԼ׵¡
˵ȴֱˣһԺ˦ֵңҸղžӦ˿ǸС˵Ŀ
Ǿ㲻ǸС֮Ůѵ뱻ϳʹ𣿡ɫⲻ˶ãһ²ĸˣһջᱻʱ򻹲ҪŻὭס
ɫźЩοԼֻһʱˣպҪԿͷģûô
ѽǲû۾УȻײһŮӡ

ϽñϳϢʱں˵ŮʫʣֻЦһ£׵һԲˡ
ǹһŮͽǸ㾣ĸ
ˣС֮Ĵְˣ⡣Ц
ʵǶԲס濶Ƣݵ̫ǧҪ½ԼŮѡ̫һٵǸ
ѽĸ˵˲⣬ͱŮˡЦ
񣡡šһ¡
濳ʹŸ첲鲻Ըһĸˡ
Ц濶£һԴ濶ȥǸ
СʮڳλȨأ˵۵ĸƵģҪǽ֪濶ĲҪȥˡ
ҡҡͷλòһĸͬ͹ϵԶҪǹҪĻȥǡ
˻һ˾ƵͶˣԭҽùϵͣ΢΢һٵԼĲˡ
еĺ˳ȵһǾÿԵѡ͵ʵǰ
ſڵʱ򣬼Ѿߣ֪ѾԼ
û뵽ǣƿӽȴﻹˡ
̫ӵ£ȡ
С̫ӳ˵ͷߺյЦС⼸Ҫȥ߶żգ˳㿴ѩСèǡ
ЦһʲôֱӿʣСɿ˼
ţԱ£ɫЩãȻ
С̫һ죬׵ҾС޹Ρ
һµ޹ǸɰĹ
С̫ӻǾԼʵ˼Ȣ̷Ϊ̫
ĸҵıΣ
ԥƬ̺Сһٱ
С̫һͷǾͺá
̫Ӳۿ˵ٶֲ࣬ϵԼۼһĺá
ɡ𣿡С̫ԥƬ̣Ťͷѡ
ںȲ裬ƤӵȢֲ̫ǱȢʲô
С̫֪Сͬ˼һӾǡСġ
ս޹뵽ϣ̫Ӽһ棿Ц顣
лС
صϣΪС̫Ӱź˿ԺֻֽСèȥС̫ӣȻ˸ſϣ᰸Լ
ᰵַܺã̲ס/һԿƵƵ
Ŀ飬ߵǰ˻ֽȥ
ô£۾
Ա£Ʒŵ֫ϣḧϻļ˹½һɫˣþˡ
ۿһ۴⣬Щպڣǻûأ
ԹԵذ·˯ٳԡ

Ҳǽı飬ٰɧ˵һ飿
±˸һɶխϣֲݮ
ڶһ磬˸̷ӣȻһѱԹֵҪңôӣӽд޹ͣҲ֪޼˻᲻̫ˡ
ɫˣֱҹųţڸ̷ӵ£ͱԺˡ
úúãǱĴϴ
޶һͷķ˿ˣöˡ
۵ЩڣҹԼ̫ĽҪΪ£¸
ãˡһӦ¡
ȵ̷ţæ˰뵽԰Ůں˲ˮ͵ġ
̷彭ЦЦϸһǳǳؾѡ
˵ͷ̷һԸĺãԼ˵ʱ۾ԲԲأˮأ˵ʱ·й⣬˵ĸоˡ
ҽǰΪ㡣һЦ㲻£ֻ˵仰
̷գգ۾ƺ뵽ʲôۿɼرˡ
ͷﲻȿɰܴϻᣬȫ̫ӡ
л̷л
̫ǰԼԼĻüڣҲصäƼޣɻҪá
ЦЦ뿪
Ƭ̺һŲ̷һվƳһͷϽڣò˳
޹С̫Щţʶس̷˹ְȥ
̷һæܿ˴СŮ̿֡
С̫ȴû˵Ŀֱֱϣһ˫ÿķɵ޹㡭ɰ
лл¡̷Ͱ͵
ۡվһ棬ЦŶѵ̫Ӻ²Ϊãϲöһġ
ѸƳǱߺߵŮһۣм籾۹⡣
һ£ĸ첲ԳԵЦ
µ𣬽ҿǲǳ˷ۡϵ⣬ֵ
ݵĿ˸ˣŽڸ
ǳһ԰ӱЩ䣬ѻԺӣһ϶è塣
Ҳ֪С̫Ӻʹ̷˵ʲôС̫ӽݵʱ鼫Ϊ
̷뿪ʱҲͮͮ뽭֮ҲС̫ӣҴҵشŮ뿪ˡ
޹ôˣؿС̫ӡ
С̫һ˿ڣڷ괺ԺûһҴҸǻ˿Ժ
ֹ˼գͻʥּˣ̷Ϊּ̫⡣
̫ӶԴ޹⣬ʥּҲôˡЦ
飬ɽԼĻܵءšһ
ˣٿҪˡ飬ɵϵʲôÿģҺÿ𣿡
ÿεЦ
ҡҡλΣȥׯȪЩ˵иׯȪһȪˡ
꽭ִԱ߼ҲûǱСèһһߣè
ȵȪׯϣùСһ˳ȥȪ
Ȫ¶ģΧΧΪҪԵʣѾǰϷܸһɴ
εΡʱգϵͳʾ
һӺˮΪԾѡ
1.ȪplayһΡ
2.ԭص
ע߶Ƚϴɺ⽱


105 
Ȼ, ɺѻѡһ
뵱Ľ䱸ͬڵƺѾȥоϵͳˡ
ܿǰϵͳͱ, Ϊϵͳǰ, ʮϤ, ȻѾѡ
Ƕ죬ȪԱů紺հڷڼϣѵһ, ˦ϵЬӺӡ
ԭ뻶Ȫ, ȥһ, ȴ򼫶߳ܵϵͳͣס˽Ųһһס
ϵͳ, Լ֪ûаģ
һС֣ûע⵽
ôˣ
ѿȪ, ں˳ͷڼͷ, ΧŰɫ, Ѭһɫ࣬϶׺ĺ룬һݰ׵Сģ
ʶʿˮȻЩ
ҪׯȪôԱߣֲˮˣĸ첲ڳر, һװƵİԼһƣһںЦЦؿ
Ժ֡
һӣ³ôˣǵֵסѵձ
ʵǡ̫ˣ
סЩıӣԱϵȷ, ӸˣҺȻЩˮţҴݡ
Уû
ԼԴЩΣ·ѵĿп˶ʳĸо
ŤͷԼȷ磬ȴѲݾܾС
ţһˮƬ̺һȺӴӱԼһ㱻
ǰûôߣôԽԽأü
ַϣһ̲סؼһʿˮΪòԶɧ
ţдŴĺɫ֡½ˮϱʪɫ±͸ϣ֮ʲôûһš

ôԩ˵ģûһɫϣзϵǰ˷ʵһӻˮˡ
Ҫܿϵͳ񣬾а
֤ԼףҲȽڱϵÿѽ˷ŵԱߵʯ̨ϣȻתһյƵݸ
ԣͷԼ˫ţϸָⶼѾ½󣬶ʱεؿһÿõ½󣬼װʲô¶û
һУӹľյƳԼ˿̹˵ģû˵ʲôͷյеƣȻСֹΪҲ֪ʲô⣬ҹٳ֮Σ𣿡
洩ǰɫвĶǶ˿̿Ϸ˿Ҳˮʪˮغ˵촽΢΢ǵ˲ߢ
ѺֹһյƣԼĻЦʵôԹԵغˣɼҲģֻǲԸ˵ˡ
˵Ҿˡˮģһˮ
Ѽþգ§˴յԣϸϸĿϸ۵񾱣һ£ܿѵϵıɴȻ˵ˣǱҪǧ
ߡʯ̨ϣѾļϵһ£ͷӣβǺ⡣
ָʪķ䣬Դκģ̲ס
úһˮˮվڵ⣬ֲ̧˲մˮǣЦ
쵰صһ¡
ЦŵףȻȥ¶Ȫ㴫һˮˮ䵽ϵĶʯϣýˮʱһˤ
Ǹ֪ƵˣϵͳֻҪһΣȴȪأҺȪӲ䣬˰˰ٻˡ
˭ĺ⣬ͣºŴ멣˹ʵʵݣȻδڽһѡ

û˵ŲѣԼȪׯӵ˲ᣬȻͻҪġ
ǿܣǲЦԼ
ˮĸоڴϵĸоͬ͵ģʵҲͦϲġ
ȪׯգѣͺץȸȥɽץҰɽȪʢˮݲ裬֮ʮ־ˡ
پˣҲûس
ʵʮֲС̫ӻܶһ棬ϵѣûչѽ
ֻʰƵҡλ˳
˳ĵգ¹ȻţһݱʦСȥȪׯôңҪҴС֪һ֪СԼȥˡ
ϣСèЦеʲôҺСȥȥһ˹µ𣿡

¹ͷһԱߴѩ򣬱С̫ˣȥҪЦң
ͷҳЦֻ˵ʵ
ҲСˣ
¹ܳľһһݵǳˣʲô˲ģʲôã
䣬ײһǽȻһƨɶն˵ϡ
û°ɣûע⣬ˡ
һɵ·ѩɵζַ·Ǻ÷
ô·ģ
û˵꣬ݵ¹̧ͷײһ˫òͥǰһ۱㿴ˡ
ҡû£û˵Ͱ͵
¶һĨЦ⣬ްصġ
¹ɵصͷû¾ͺãû¾ͺá
ȡһע⵽СҲڣʱϷϼһæǡ
ǵԽ
¹ͷӵϼһӣֽĻҳɾȻݵԼǰ
жˡº͡
֪أ¹Ȼӿ죬ӹеСлȻȹڴҴææ뿪˾ѸǶˡ
üĿЩζȻӸԼ
¹ԼͮͮգϹһĨԼδֵЦ
ôˣŻġŮһ浹һʵ
ûʲô¹𷽲˵ģֻǺȻãҲûʲôõġ
~ŮӣЦĴѵǿ˷λӣ
ûУ¹ϣֻǿСС˶ĽѣΪˣ
มˣŮı黹ǲš

¹ſԱߵĴϣź磬һȴͣ
һ·ĺصͷ˸գ纮ĥʮղźȫ
¹ȫ󣬹ﴫ˸¹ѡϢһԷһѵϴαҴ̼ڿѡˣ
ѼһӰײˣǿˣϲˡ
⻰ô˵
ѾͰշſڵ齲һ飬̧˽һ۵һҲãϽЩèߡ
˵ͬèֻèճʹԼʱ䶼ࡣ
ʱֻһֻĶߡ
ֹ̾һ̳ӡ


106 
һ, ͵ա
ѱȥϳˣڴһ̵ָ, ùź, ˳ȥָǡ
˵, ʵҲ׼õĶٽһͺˡ
һУ˸ǷŲ鸡ػԺ
ɷ˯, ȵ»һһݱ, Ե۾ɴϲȥˡ
ɷĴ멹, ֹ¾ͽһˮôӡ

ﴫĵ, ҿǶˡɷ磬ǲ֪̫ˡ
ɷס, ȵū澴, ˯, ū澲ˡ
ٺˡƤӴܣֻһĻԴһͺܹȥˡ
ɷŲ£͵ЦƬ̣ʰĶ, ĵسȥŴϡ
һһֱ˯ѻ
˯䣬ֻоؿƺʲôȹȻһë׵ĶԼգڱɨš
һ۾, 㿴һԲë׵ƨɶԼβͻʱʱҡҡȥ
š˭ŽģСһѺִ˴СèƨɣϵСèһˤ
Сèؽһ
СԴź󾱽ŵһԣ˵ôоؿеƣԭСһڵСҿСɡ
Сèһ¶ƵӿŽҡҡβȻһᣬ˱
˯˱Ѿűã˯ɾͳԲˡڶСèȻѵŷﻹеڶˡ
ʲôʱģɷôҲһСèµأƿ´
ջǱвɷġڴ´
ѩԺһ㣬ѩҫ۵Ĺâ͸ɫɴͶѸպڴ£ѩŵ⣬Ŀӳģһ覵زʵС
ЬԱߣϵӵһԣ˫§סĲӣôһͿ飬СĿ۾
ԼµųΣ黹ʲô
㽭ͬŴֻ̫٣ϸӣе塣
ǳȥѩ˰ɣ۾һһ˫ÿ˲
ˣȥ
ðð

˺ܿùţѺյĲ裬յһţ붯Ľ˵Ҫȥѩ߰ɣ
ڰֲ붯ȥڸճԹе㲻붯
ˣü
⣬ʲôˣ
⼸ճԱ˾˯ͳԣѵ˵𣿡б
ûУһ죬ϳеֻԼ
ûоûаɡ
ɲԲҪôǿ̧ͷ˳Ӣա
Ѵѵñǿ

Ҳˣ̫ˣ
Ҫ
Ĺĵؿһۣ͵Ƕߡ
Ŷķﶬߣ˳ǡ

Ϻ޺޵شȭͷһèܵһԵϿӡ
ˣѳԴʡ
ԴˣֻƫƫԴú׶
ٸ
ԥˣ˵Ըν衣
һתȥΪѵԭѡ
滹ƮСѩŮѰõȥȻѵٺ裬һѾһ硣
˰ѩͣˣϴ멣ϲɷԼףԼһ򣬴¹ƤСѥӰѣıȥԺ
ѩӣԱѩһԴûжѹѩˣͽһɫطԸ
𣿡ĿЩɡ
Ȼԣÿ궼ѩˣܲܲҪҡˡ
ðɡ
֮󣬽ǿԴѩѷ¿ңұ
ʧˣΪѵѩ̫Դصظʯͷһ
Ƴһۣѩŵ˶Ѻõѩϡ
Ƭ̺ѩ˵ӿʼѷ죬Ȼһ㱻ѩѹˣûѹʵѩǸѩһȥǿѩʱǰѾ״ѩ˱һѩ顣
ҸղûѩѹʵһΡε
ѿһû˵ֿʼѩˡ
쳹׺ʱѩڶѺˣϵѩ÷켸ʧȥֺ֪ȻѵĲЦѩˣһһǵ¡
㲻˵Լÿ궼ѩ𣿡ץסʹ֣ȴû̳
ѽͷ
Ϊʲôô󡣡
ˣ
ɴ۾ϸǰѩˣԴһ£Բ׶ȱһ飬۾ú̿ģŪ
Լÿѩ˶ﲻ
šüؿѩˣˣǲҪ̫ϣ
ҲˣûˡѾòɷ簾˽һԤ纮
Ҳȡ
Уȡɫࡣ
ᡣ
᱾
˵һûӪĻص󣬽ǹԹԵűӹһ뽪
¶֮ɫǼ⻹ͨ죬Ž̿Աȡů
̬Сֹ
˯ǰ̿˵Ҫԣû˵ʲôȥˡ
ֹ˼գϰţ˵Ѿ˵հˣ뽭ǰΪԼԼ䡣
ӦˣŴ𸴡
ôʶģô֪ѿŽſԱдţһ䡣
ʱյţһֱʶġ֪Ǹ竣ôȻϹϵˡ
ʼ΢٣ڻس·ģʱȥѦȥˣô֪أ
򴽣ȥͼϷԼԼĹѡ
ϰ֪㣿
Ǹ͡
벻֮ףѵͲպ
ңǲ֪ԼڵҪ֪˾Ͳ˵ˡ
ʲô
ɲ~ͷ
һ֣ŵɪɪ޲ðҵڹЦ
ֻ֮ˣŻ˺¡ѵƳһۡ
˵Ϊɫ·ͼıˣ
Ŵͣ̾ôʲô֪ǲ񶼸ˣ
ˣֲǷˣΪҪʱʱ飿ѼҪɫ˭˲֪
ΪĬƬ̣ɲԼԼκ̫ʲôµˡ
û˵ʲôǿͷϵϷ䣬ѵҲУλһҼȻӦ˾Ͳ÷ڡ
ġ
ܿ͵СգΪǰЩӳϺѩ·һӱ˳׼ڳ꣬꿪ѩٻؾȥ
СҪģǶҪһɻʵ۴һ񣬷
ĺ磬˶ӣ˹
ʱǲ඼ˣϰ̫
ϰȻϰ̫ǻʵ۵ıĸСϰһӶˡ
ΪѾףԵʱԶԶؿϰ̫ɫˣвųǵĺ⡣
ҲǣԼΨһĶӱɱˣܶ޸ʵ۳Ϊ֮һϰ̫סûȥһѾǼˡ
ǽû뵽ĺ˼뾹Ȼ档
ʵۼ󣬺ܿ׼磬ûʲôλӣڻʵԱߣӸµظˡ
£檳Ϊ£ôһˣأᡣ
˿ʮֳ죬û˸λӣԼʵһ˳ݣŽԼǰҪ˵Ц
ϧ̫Ѿ꣬ʵѾˣյʵ۵ѣѾˡ
ʱ֪ΪԼĲ֣Ѧıǰǰʹûʵ۽ͷöϰѾԼɱ̫ûѱ˻ʵ۵Ĵλ
˵ǡʵĿͰؿ·ѣȻҵؿ
ѣһδԸǾۿк󡣡
֣ܡѿڡ
ʵۻִĻɣǷǴͲɣɱƴˡ
üԻʵ˵ͺȻʵֵУɻˣҲżˡ
Уϰ̫Ȼ
Щϸһ˿š
ʵЩΣԼıֲֻõǵġ
ϰ̫ǰյƿ޲࣬ûжڵ˼֪ˡ
ʺ޲׶иǲܳԵء
Ȼʵ˳ϰ̫Ŀ⿴ȥԱ߰һ޲࣬ü˭ģ޲ѾԸעĳʳ𣿡
ûϵı£ùǳȥͺˡɫЩʶƳһѡ
һֱҩôỳأӸǺã
ȻһЦŶԻʵ۵һֱľ޺𣿸պþɲǾͲǵĺӳ̸ͲԲԸҲΪˡ
ʵ۳˼Ƭ̣ͷҲá
Ļλ̫̳оͺãδĺӣ̸Ҳԡ
ѷ򸾿ڣϰֱ̫ؿⲻף;ţǹ˱µĺӣкӵĻ֮λΣ
ʵ۵ĺӲӣԺֻǸʵȻԼĺܿࡣǾ򸾵ĺӲӣǵλǰװ׸ˣ
ʵһѣҲ뵽磬ü׼ڣȴѾܾ˵ǣֵҲᣬ»ǵȹ˵
Ҳáʵס
ɫһֵȻˣǱ»ǴͻɣսокҲá
ҪӦƾʲôԼ޵ôȴԱһһذţ
֣δˣ볼ܶļ֣ѵ
ʵ֪лҪ˵ֲ㣬ɲӹ϶ҲӲˣ˵ͷɲˡ
ɫһ䣬ݵضŽ
޹ЦЦ漴ͷװţʵҲܡ
ȻѣǱʵŴҪͲŪҲʹ졣
ûע⵽Žʱϰ̫ҲĿĶ
ϯʱģΪԱŮ׼ףھϰ̫ʱ򣬺ȻߵĹŮóһذףؿڴ˹ȥ
鷢̫ͻȻ˶ûзӦʱȴǸŮѾγذףԼһĨɾԾ
֪˭ļȻ
һ˵ϣԼǰѪȴǴŹЦݵϰ̫ʹǡ㣿
֪ˣ֪ˣ
٣кӿһѪߺȻЦԽԽõϰֻ̫һתϵԽԽңԶ
ˡϰ̫ؿڡ
ΧΧһȺˣںȴʲôҲˣҪָ̧ϰ̫ȴø첲ǧһ㣬ôҲ̧
͸Ⱥ˽ޱվ
ǣǣ
ԺٽУҪˣȴҲ˿ڡ
ɱǣɱǣ
ģԼһΪʲôһͿأ
˫ʵ۾ĿЩӡ


107 
, Ȼֹ
ʵɫ࣬ѲһǺɫط׷׸ǳ, ´ŭʵۡ
򸾶Ҳ, һǳ, ʵ۱Ҫ˵̵齻ȥ飬ȴܡ
˾Щ, ֮ĺ, йغ֮, ܲ˲֣ˡѱϹϾ
ʵ˼, Ҳòףӻַ
ȻӲ, Ǿ͵ȳʱȥ̫ҽԺ̫ҽһظ, ̫ҽʵѵļ, ָҲ֪ܳŶãֻи󡣡
ʵȴɼǵôһ£һ˷ҲЩƿԡ
Ȼ, ڻʵ۵ûôҪҲȲϻʵ۵׵ܵܡʵ۷ŭΪʹ֮оȻ˸д̡
Һд̵Լ̫ӣѾóѣ
ǳ˹, ʵ۱ʹѲһ飬ͬʱʼٻʹŲ֮ˡ
ظ·ϣѻﲻñ˯ˣȫûбŵļ
ʯգһҡһεʻȥſͣ£ûѣ˯úܳ
ѽĶñϣ˱ڻԺ
óЩˣ¯ţûö٣ҹҪ˷ŵϣѵɷ硣
ǡɷӦ£Ϸŵسȥˡ
ԭΪðҹŻ˭֪ѸԡӾҳͼѾˣڴͷ̵ͣش˸Ƿ
ˣüһϵ·һߵϣҽ˸˷ˣ¯ţҪһЩ
˵ãһ˵Լˣ˯ҵͷɵصͷԡ
ҲûŮź˿Ӳֶ֣һԣ¯ϵķ˶˵ϣںн´Է
ŶԼ˺ãЬ´š
ڷˣŴ˯µ״̬룬ѣǵ±һô˯һоûС
ҲԼۿǰ˫۾ضԼǵûجΣȻ˯øһ
ë޵Դըë֮ǰջ֣СƵģôжвѣֻý㱧ˡ
ݺݵصһۣ˵˲˵
š˵ʲôѶƢӦ£·Ǹȡֵġ
һƺҪתƻ⣬ֽ˸̫ҽǻԭ˯ˣͽ̫ҽڸס£Ϊû뵽ˣھͽ̫ҽҲЩ̫ҽؼң޶һСꡣ
뽭شѾͽнȥ̫ҽ
û⣬ͷš
ôһͰѷ˵Լˡ
̫ҽĺܿ죬óҩΪѾһҳ·ڴµϣŵҩ̫ҽΪԼ
ûŵ˯óԺãɫаܾģ
ڻʵǰ˵ԼܾˣԼͱܾˣ̫ҽԼ߸
̫ҽʱеãȵЩȤץѵĴ棬̫ҽԼ£Լ̦۾ŲΡΡ
ϲ
˻һѶסˣźŮϲ⡣
С˫˫ͣϲ
˵ⱲӿܶкôȻϲ
һ²ѻǲţǿʲôϡһŽ
һۣŤͷ̫ҽ̫ҽˣ𽫻ϲ˲ǡ
ϴ˸˾飬ȻΪԼˡ
̫ҽһ㶣͵ϲȻͬҽ߽У¹ȷ˲Ÿҵóԣ򲻸ϷŪº
ģһ㶣漴ַСϣС˾䡣
ǧȷ̫ҽɵ˵СޣЩЦؿ϶
ķޣڳΪ˸ĸϣһɵ
úúãѺƲŷӦڵһվֺãȻæ̫ҽѯкע
ֱʵ̫ҽڸſϷˣҪǽȰҪǿнֱºӡ
̫ҽ뿪ʱļؾĵ˵ſڣ̫ҽ֣̿һһֻܾա
̫ҽһߣѱŤͷضŽСԾᣬˡ
ɸоʵͷҲĿԼЩСϣ˼ĻôһоҲûС
Ҳ棬ѽ§ͳûҪˡ
룬Դǡϲ£Ҫˡ
ʧЦͬϲ
еϢܿ㴫˹кҹĶУʵմã˲ٶ¹С̫Ҳܣ̽Լδĵܵܡ
ż䷹С̫Ҳ뽭ԽԽϤΪ׽
Դк ֱѵһޣһظʹŹԺ㽭˽ӵӵòֹĵ
Щƣ㰦̾
ѼΪﲻæȥ̫ҽ뽭㣬Ȼۡһ˳
ôǣ˭㲻ˣˣôˡ۵סš
廹ãһ彭žžવ޵
Ӻӣֻںĺӣںңһһߵ
е£ֲǲ֪ں㡣ںӣΪ㻳ġѼ޵ףԼʹȥæ
㲻ǸҾǸһ˺ܾãȶһЩָص
ôᣬЩ̫ҽ˵ģͺˤΣˣٿͳСèˡ
ѺֻèҲȹǲȥš
㿴Сһﶼˣˡָȥϵ顣
أûҪҪôãȴΪ޵̫ףӱסһСľʹ˸ݡ
ѻûԼȴһЦЦ־öŤͷ˼ѡ
Сްû˵ԴϸΪɾᡣ
ЩȴʲôҲû˵
ֻ֮˺ܶ࣬ҲҷƢ˶ӴԺʲô¶㣬ҲƱһЩżԼ鱻Լޡ
֪ǲΪܵкԭ򣬻ʵӺ࣬ϳӽ
С̫ӵĻҲˣ͢¿ʼΪС̫ӵĴ׼
ҲȻ֣ԼǸƱϵͳҲѾþûгˡ


108 
, Ѿˣ֫ȻϸȴС
еʱ, ѿ˲ҽ, Ķﺢӹ󲻺, üһûɿ
㵣ǣҹ£ЦӵĴС˶죬ֲʮִ, Ϲʲô
ֻ𣿡Ա, üĶƤ, ˼ҽϿ˵̫, ǻ˫̥
ŶӿϣЦеҪ˫̥̫ҽ, ʲôΣ
ѻǶŽĶ, ۵Щ档
, һֱͰ͵ؿʲôץסѵַŵԼĶϡ
´ѲԾԱ㣬Ķӡ
ȥ£ԾɾòʵԼ໳еǽ, ԼϤĹգҲûе׵ĸо
Ҫȵĺӳеظܵ׵ĸо

ĿºͣŽƤºȻһ£ʲôԼһ, δӦʲôһ
ңͷĿ⾪档
ɫһֱһ£ظܺóۣǸƤĺӡ
δ䣬ĺԼһ£ָо˵Լ˿̵ĸܣֻůůأ͵أʲôҪһ
˵С͵ûúöһ㣬Ųᱻ۸
˵꣬ԼЦˡ
Ļʵ̫ӱǷڴСӣ˭۸
̧ŽĿдɫͬĵͷǵĺӺϸˡ
˸ۣôоһĺӺпҪΪһأ
˭뵽˷ľ£׺Ҳ볣죬Ҫ軵ӵļ
ȸܶߣӡ
һû˵
֪ǲǸ֮Ӧ̫ӴϣױϣѲĽڳǰ̫ҽ˴ȴõһϲ
̫ҽ˵л˫̥뽭һϲ
صµĻеȷ˫̥ҺһжãҲһ㸾ҪǰӹҲ˫̥̫ҽЦӡ
˵˫̥ͶĺһжãŤͷס֣˵شЦ
ô¶꣬ͷ̫ҽһˣɷȥ̫ҽ
˵Ťͷѣ֪¸ˣ̫Ӵӣɲܳˡ
ѣѲջ£ס̫ҽԸ̫Ӵ飬̫̫࣬ҽ̣տ
ԼĹŮԼרźиŮ٣ǲģ̫ҽԷһ
·ģ¹ٶտ̫ҽЦӦ¡
ºͣÿ²ʹֻ̥ͣܺã˳ӣٲԼʹ͡
ǰĲʱѾʱ磬ѵⶣ£ɲţߵȵܡ
һ·ϣɺ˷ܣһ㣬ϾСԼѾˣԼϰߣǵ֪СҲûô⡣
ѣһֱ΢΢üۼϲɫڲزסһ۾ܿ
̫Ӵϲ֮գ¿ɱ˻ˣĴȥһ˫̥¡Ŷ˵
ȻǸˣ˽ˣ
ѹȻһĿ¶֮ɫ֪
ԭȻϣѷϢû뵽һ۱㿴˳
ѴӦ䣬ɵȵ˶ͽʱüҼβסϲɫŵӵ٩ôˣʲôϲ¶
ѿ˽һۣش̫ӴϲȻˡ
˱û⣬ȽѷֿǱһȥȾƣոˣѱûоܾ˼
ȵüҼ˼ɫһֱЦ˿˲٩ֶ̫
Ѵһ׿һۣڵ⣬˫̥

ģᣬ˲ŷӦԭҫ
иһ껹ûкӵĹӣ˴Ĵָһ̾
žƺͷһڡ
˶ЩȸߣЦһ𺰵

ԶһȺǣǸЦ˧˺ϲ£ȵˣЦݽϡ
Աߵķ̿
ЦЦæָ޷Ͷȥѷʱˣȸǣ˼
ߡУ˶⡣
̫ͺȶˣ廹Ҳýȥǣֱ˷ѳ˹
ȥ·ϣѿͷûˣƷ裬˿
̵شչס֫ԴڽļϣشĶϣһ
ϴë޵ģڵķЩԴŲűЩ
˵ϵľζŵģиЩܲϵζ
ҵ¶ˣ
ҫģ
ѵ͵͵Цֽ§ԼȵıϢĲϣЩ
˵ôǽ˵գԼ̿Ц
ѵúӣĲ˵ҲŶʮǸ緢͡
˵һЩ
Ϊ˯ˣŵԼ˯ڽ⿪ͷƤⷦû뵽ӺȻһʪ
ŴڶϵƣҲסᡣ
Сʲôʱҿ̲סˡﺬ
һЩ
кʮУһֱûͬǺеҪûҪ˼Ҳ˼ڡ
ΪңԼԼԽԽɫˣû뵽ԭҲһ
Ȼǲġ
ûȾƻԣ˾ƣ־壬ҪǶûûأ˶ĺӿɲС
굽Լ·ֳƿǿë޵ԴһԶ㣡
ѿĿдˮɫƺڹ
ŲĿ⣬ҲòЩ鶯û֪ء
֮ȥ·ϣѵû֣޷˷ʱľҲ࣬ϣŽ·й⣬Ŀһֱϡ
Ůｭжλźԡ£˷ϺȻȥ˾
һˮͷɢسͷڵˮ飬·ɿϣ¶ʵš
˼Լڵˮͷ㳶һӲȲðɺԱһӣ͵˴ߡ
һŵҪʲô
Ѵڣɳƣģˣ㡣
ţûӦ㱻ŵ˴ϡ
·׵κʱŷӦҪʲô
С
̫ҽ̫ҽ˵ˡһһ˵׵ĽĿʧڴϰ컺̧ͷǵˮ⡣
ϲ𣿡
һɫˣס˫ѡװ


109 
̫Ӵû, ʵ۷·Ǻľһ˿Ѫ糯ʱȻεڴϡ
Ȼ̫֪ʵ״, Ŀ⺬, ʹ
Լ, ʵԴһһʱڻ˯Ĵ١
׵ֳ£⼸鲢, ս̽ʵ, ҹŴһظ
ӽ, ҹ˯òȣҹȻ, ʶȥȴֿһˣ춼ġ
ڴʱ, ʺȻըһ, Ʋ¡, һžžવһĺҪвɷƵƣΪλδ
Ǳˣ¡º͵, ע⵽βһӰΪδѡ
ʣºʱģ
û𻰣յҹȵؽǱǰǻ˵һ꽽, ɢ˴صȣȴɻڡ
Ĭ˺һ·Ͳסȣѽ̬ȹ죬ֹסķ꣬ߴѿЩϴ˯
ջҪٲ˯ôܵסӺò׺ˣɱԼԼڵˡ
ѡšһߵǰϵۣɵԱߡ
ܾЩ֣Ҫʣûпڡ
ʱʵ۲ˣϵ̫ܶ࣬һæֻԼС壬ǳʲô鲻˳
ҹУѷ˸ȻһƬڣȴܸоڿԼĿأȻתԼ§ڻ°ͷļϡ
ȱҪƿȴ䣺ּݱˡ
ʲôʱ£һæۡ
ۣƣʱ̫Ӹձ̫еϢ˵ؾһ̫Ӻ˵õĻ˵ԼҪ˯ˡû뵽
û뵽һ˯ѣ˯бݱˡԶĻ
Ըˣ²Ҫ̫ġѵļ򣬰
ʵǰĵģ̫ӺԼܵܣ̫Ѿɻ飬Ҳˣǣҡ
ʲôҲû˵ĸ첲սļѲ˲䡣
ס֣Ӧһذοš
ʵֵܣڽʵѵУ䵱ʵǸ׵ĽɫԻʵۼݱѹġ
ѹδǰ¶ΨлصԼߣſϱ¶һ
δĳ԰ο˿ҪǰԼͺӵ顣ĬĬظѵͷַŵԼĶϣܸкӵĴڡ
㻹Һͺӣ£ǻһֱ㡣ԴסѵգıǼһǡ
ֻ˯ʱڶδѾڴǰOO@@ش£˯þãܿˣӴʱˡ
Ǻʱʱ˯ʱմ
˯һüɫ֮ҹģ࣬·ԽöԸȥ»ϰ籣ȽЪϢһù
ҡҡͷƿ´˯ˣһ
ʵҹݱŮ춼Ҫ빬飬ԼȻҲס
üһûоֻܾԸ˹вع̫ãʱ̫һ𣬻Ůչǡ
ʱң̫ۡԥϾǻʵȥŮֶ࣬˿࣬鷳
ãҵĺû˸ҶԡѸ·Ϻգ塣
˼ùţһ˹ʱ˲඼ˣعҺ棬ѷֿȥŮĵط
ºͷһۣܿѹеɫ
ʵ۵ɥ°ĲǺ¡أǰҪģֻ黹Ƕ̫࣬ȻΪæһҲͷ͡
̫û̫ãͻ˷ȥЪϢЪٳһС
Ҫӣﲻҡ̫ɫЩ԰ףȴн
ǸŮӣּ̫С壬ȻͶԽΪ׽
Ŀӹͷлĺ⡣
̶̰̫꣬࣬ϵӤѲࡣ
̫ҲҪౣء̲ס˵
ʵ۵ɥ°˵ûгʲôͷǽһȦͲɷ絣ļˡ
ͻʵ۹餳Ǻ󣬽ˣʱʲôƵģ߽ū˵¼ݱǰָ̫淡
ԭϱĿ۵̫Ѿ𣿡
ֻλ淵ĸǳس
ͷ˼죬ǻʵ۲̫ӣղס£ʶѡĴ󳼡һǻڸճײõ̫˵вܣ̫ӻΪ
̫̾ͬȴҲ֪Լﲻæ̫Ӳձǻ󹬲ֻ̫һˡ
֪˵ͨԣǸеѹص˶ۣ˸ˮⷦɵϣ̲ס¡
ҺõֻǸү̲סҡ
Ļü΢΢չ۰̫ӹȻǺãɳҪ뿪Ϊڷ絲ĳѨ̫Ȼףºȴ࣬ò˶ñɶȨָˣΪ֮ˡ
е𣿵̫ӵĻ壬Ի̫ӡ⡣
ҡҷѵĿڵ˿ףŹֵǲ̫ãЩ·벻ͨˡ
ţ
һһµظı̾˿֮Ͼƴ۸ӣΨж෽ǣƣܰ˻ֵġ
ˣȴ⡣
ʵֲˣɵʵ뽫λʱѾܾˡ
ɻѹһƷ˿ѲıģʱȻ뵱ʵۣ룬Щͷһճ
ƽ˵Լ׵ֳԼ¼ɣȴһҲġ
ѹҲ𣿡ʡ
ҡͷûǻ֣ҲҲΪҺã̫ӣδ˭Ҳ˵׼ôΪ̫ӣҲΪң뽫λҡ
ͷסʵôһѺڣ̫ӷĿɳ𡣶̫ӼλȨأѣԱڼݱǰּѻǣƣҲý̫ȫȫѡ
Ҳѹȥǰһʥּ۾ֺ˿Զҡ΢
֪Щֻ֪ʵּλϮ
ʵ۵ɥ¹󣬱̫ӵĵǻ䣬ĶѾ߸ˣ̫˵ּݣǼֽ˹
̫ӵǻգ壬һµۣңңȺϤءһ漴һϤĶ
Ŀ꣬ʼ󶨡
ֳµͷһ۲Զ̫ȻЦˡ
ϸ룬ʵϵͳҲһ˿˿ŵ㣬


110 
µ۵ǻ, ͥеľ֣նŰݷá
ĶӰ˸ˣԼдЩ˼, ҲԸ޶۵, ԾͰ½ֹȥ, úһӰùȥһʱԼģĳʷŮдİȫȥջˡ
Ϻ, ѵԽԽ˼, ͷǿ˼𾴵ľ, ڼͷǡ¡ĺ÷
棬ʷɿ, Ц, Ϊûʲôܰæ, ֻΪֵһ
²öˣӹһ, ̵س꣬Ӳָ֭ˮ
ţûش𣬸̧ͷĿѯʡ
Ҹ˵ƶʲ, ͦŴӻռŵ£檡˵ҼĸӵʱҲûլ£ƫҺӻûͰլ׸˽Ů̧
û˵, üͷһǵļ£Ҫ˶ʲô㲻ᡣ
ɲҸô˵Ҳô˵ģˡ
˵ʲôѻûӦüͷҪԼͷ
һ˵¸壬ƶʰռŵ£¾ڸŭԣŸ֪֪ȵˡ
ֵºջˮ֪зֵ
ʵ˵ûôϾѾԹο֪ŮԼǸǣˣɲŮ֮顣Ļ˵ίһȫΪС飬͸պãʱ̲˵£ź͵£ʡĵ±꾫ˡ
˵ί񣬵˼ҪнźԼĽ
кƢԽ󣬵ЦźҺ͵£ңԼ
ɫһ䣬Ǳ£߳ŭ˵ʲô˵Ļ𣿡
ţ̧°͵˵ԭǾõȻ󣬵ǸĲӣһ漵ۺ죬һֿǡڵȬֵǼҲŻĹıȡ֮λ𣿡
ǽص뷨˭Ҳû˵ڱָŽıҽʲôϣ
ɫƽ˿ڲ̧ô£һұ˲һ׮ʱ򳭼ҲǿԵġ
㣡Ҳǽˣŭ
Ѽʼңǻʼ֮ˡ±۰ңûҡһ̡
Լ޸ʲôԭҴһֱ֪ôΪҶǨŭԼأ
ȴ֪˵ĶԣֻЦǸرͿ͡
ЩڨڨűæǱãǧ½ȥҶһ
˵ΪʲôŵڣԼ˵ЩԭΪ¡
ºԼǰ˵Ψһˣ檡оϲ֮ˣҪ֮Ĺϵ
ľ£ڶһţȥϳǿ˽۾ԣԼʧӲˣ´ŭ׷
ʵҲԼСɫã˼䣬³СѯʣС屻۸ˡ
˵ûʲôתͷȥ˵ѸߣԸϻˡ
ױ͹СλԼʮ꣬ſŮٷƵΣȴ뱻ϻ磬һʱʮ꣬ȫûˡ
Ȼϻ磬ǱҪģѵ˼ලŽʰѺƵĽͻ¡
ö˻»ûͷͱŤͻ£޵ĸƵģһֱҪûᡣ
֪öΪεﾣûɵĻᴫŵĽöûа취޸ĸΪѡš
֪Щʱ¶ѻݣεЦЦѵϰһڣ£ԽԽϡˡ
Ѵһ̣˻ȥ׵ңʣ˿һ
к󣬲ǶӣҲ࣬ѩ׻壬һָֻղסѱϢȣƫȥѪţѳֲס
Ѱѽϣסй¶Ĵ⣬һУ̫ҽ˵Ĳھ⼸գ
ʵϴӺ¿ʼǾûͬû뵽øɿڣ˲ð̹⡣
ҧסѵĶ˼Ҫ
סԼ֣ԴǵУ
һۣյڰɡҺ񡭡ʪˡ
˵ʮֲ˼ȴִ󵨵˵˳
Ѻһͣ˵ڴϣȻ뵽ʲôʱ侲ۺʵȷˮ𣿡

޶˶һۣȻŶӺҪˣȥˣ
ŶѺҵ·ͷɢŽܣܵһϥײϣʹüĶȴͲɷȥŽ
Ȼŵذź̫ҽѽݲŷֽϣеسŸ㡣
Ҫ𣿡ضŽĶӣ·ԼǸҪӵˡ
ĸ㣬գգ۾أڲԵ㶫ôӣ
һ
û꣬Ÿո꣬ѽ׼õĲ󣬽ȻɤӺʹʹʹʹ
Ž֣ҪŽȴίظ˳ȥҲﲻæ絽š
ҲѿԼӵģһԺӰڷĺг԰ڰְϡ
ѴӲȻݽſʲôǴȥĲвѿĽš
һ̥Ϊͷ̥һ˫̥ĺܼӰһֱڶ峿һʱкȻһӤ
ȳĸüҲһź룬ƤȻͰ͵ģٿ㡣ĵܵܣüȻûк룬һģһպӦöǸӡ
ӳˣһͬͬŵߣĸӱҲĿһۣȥˡ
ʹɵȿߵʱ˲öֵˡ
Сһһģһ˸к룬ܵûк룬ССӣǶĺÿ
ڴǰĿؿŪӣȻڵˣ
ͷ͵ǵҪôлң
Цˣÿʪķ˿лɺã
ҲһЦ
ѽڣ
ڡ
лҪ˵аӵķ⣬°
