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һҲΪҹɫŨ¹̫ǳǰ棬ǡôԺܽӰ֯ĽСӣʱ̿ɭ

ĲɵӦһüʵأȥף

ദ꣬һֱĹŮеĲҧһᣬͻȻָ෽򻶽ееƻ

żţҲ룬ȹ׼س˹ȥһ̤ã

ϡʹĴϢһƿţ̤˽ȥ

úܴܵߴΡ룬ţ͵͸ɭظŮһ۱㿴£һϡʶӡȥ嵽ǰͨ£ָӵ̵ֻػ

֣ոո˵ʱΪͻȻģһŵˣͻȻϣ˫һ죬ͬʱ۽˫ۡ

һ÷ѵ˵ʱֳֻôһһ˺̡һѵתۼ䣬䣬۳ƣϸ۾Өļţ͵ɢ˵Ĺ

ȷӦ˫붯˺

ֻһתۣѣɫϵ䣬Բ**˸š

һ±ʼΪͻȻһ˻е㣬㲻Ƿг⼸֣㱻˴ӺסΪεŮشˣ¡

ϵЦ㼱ʲô˫붯**شһѣ̾üӣֲãʵڹֲá

޼˫ְѷһһ㷭ϡֶס˫֣˫붯±ʣµ۳˸ϡá

ʱ̣˫ֱץ˫űѹ˻ģҲʵʵסţκ屡Сöֻһ¹򣬱ͷ˿Ҳ

ʱŷ촽Ů˫һɣ档ĺڣֻá顪һ죬űײһӿ롣

еˣһĻˡ

ֱһᣬһŮӲŷϣȭߵذѷϵ߿һ۸ϣȻץĳŭغԷˣòҪ

ƽһӺ͸ŷŭŮԷˣҷ˿㣬㾹ȻԺУ֮д˹֮£Ͳ𣿡

һϵرۣһӣȵŸʲôⲻ֪߳ܣļ

Ӧһ߳һִ޲غȵǼϳȥˣ

һأˢһ彣ʣ˼е𡭡ѻ˵ֻ꣬á߲һ˵ĽȻֹ

ֱҡ˺һᣬɴ˫ۣĿ˵ʬȻء

ŨҵѪУתľȻ˫ۣͷˡ

Ŀһһڷ˵ϻ𶨶ض岽⣬ǸӺŮȻһЦ³Ļ˻ƣȴƽ֪񣿡

ŮǰһҲı̫ƽҲЦëȻŮ˳

ֱֱض˻Ƶٴʵ֮£֪񣿡

Ůһ˳ֱǽڣ·ͣ¡һۣ˶ƶ´󶨡

عͷŷ𣬼е˵ʲôҪ˽ẺӣҺ˵˵ˣˣ

Ůһʮ꣬ྫ̱ٸеǰȳ£ܱѹ·ν֣

ٸһ䣬ϵüͷһ壬ʹŷ𣬺ȵҪ˵ˣҧг𡭡Ȼд޳֮¡ȻЩ꣬Ϊ˿Ҳǳ˿ġ

ת𣬵ƵȰǰɡתȥԺصأЩͺӷĳ£ֻ»ᷭȥ뿪ĺá

˵һ䣬ЦĿתɱ¶ӺŮת򼸸ŽһһԼ߽Ļڹȴ׵ģһΣǱɣŮ˾ԲԼ̤ġ

һ죬һĻù彣

ǻ˶ӺŮһۣɷǽߡ

һѽԼľϡͷһ˲˲ضŮֿѩ׵ɭɭһЦ˻ƻ˵ţ⣬أ֮أ

˵ͷһЦھһգ˲ʱѪ绨ţ͵·ꡣ

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ҹĹЦݣӺŮŲɴһ˳˵߿ߡ

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˵꣬ѼеʲôУһӣٸĻĿзߺмڲȥľ⡣

żеˣѾˣûпѾˣ

ҹƮһһġˡһ㣬þò



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УֱֱĿʵڿɲŮŵ˳żһЦݣ˵ˣجˡ

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ûлشתͷشŷ䡣İӣ·ط겻һ㡣

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Ѱ˼ʣ˴Ůæǰıϡ

˼㱵£ٴγһۣ˵ǰ죬Ĺˣ

죬˶ظˡŮ򴽣ջǹӦǡˡ

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֨ѽһűŮϡֱĽŲԶȥ̧ͷ

ؿǷţһᣬһĨ΢Ц³ૣҲ֪вô

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һת۱ȥˡ

е˶˸磬ǵҲڵ˹ӡҴǣʱҲǸϲɫ

ҲӦǻϲİɡ

ͭഺˣ˫ϼʮ߰ٸϡǵãʱ޸һ롣һǰӸǰɾӢ˲ģõ׵ĺøС

ҲڻһУɴڳˣΪأ·ޱǿյ˫

һۣӢ־Զģʹ˴Ӧ׵ס

һۣޱߵĻϲڴҪͷϡ

Ļ㱣ŮУ޶յǰЦ˶ǻϲɵˡ

һŮҲ˵¿԰ˡ

澵ЦϲУŴ

һͼһеˣˡ

𵭵һЦ澸ǵسӵᲽ߳

ոſڣһӱԽˣſͣ

ʻǰġ

ǰһЦҲŽһ

ƿӢ¶˳˫üƽͫԵúܺãǴ̫̫һߡ˳˵˱飬⻰ԭǲŵġ

Цŷ𣬷ǰ˵ˣǲúչԼ

⻰ᣬһ㱡һգ۹ȻһЦǻ𣿡

⻰˵Ȼ㲻˼ݡ

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ͷɬһЦֻڵͷ֮ʣ۲бĿˮǵ˹

ټأһ²תɳ˵ء§˫֣˲ʱ

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ӽ䣬һֱУûʧ

Цһתͷȥ

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ŮŴһ潿ģŷɶ㿴ңǰܿ

֪ͬĸðܿ

֪Լ޸һˣУǰĿĵġ

Цʵܿ

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һûûΣ״Ŀ˸״ڲ֪Уӵеһжߡ

ԿһЦǣŷֳȥһһ˵Ϊ˭ˣ

ԵȲս˵¡

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˫ػŷѹͬ˷ܵ˵£˵¼Ϊ谮ӣܵõʶƽˣ

⻰ԿݸһЦת۵̾ˣܲܵõʶ˵˶٣˵˵»һǲҡ

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ŷеɻԿ˵·ϽʶģӦҹ͡˵ķɣ˵ò̾һ޷ݵģ

Ҫ˵ܿѱı󣬽е㣬ǶðҲ

ܵԱߣһֱֱۣЦԿ˵кãѽܿ˵˵ǱŷֱۣǿԿȴĹʶˣ˵ĻĺŴ˶ĺá

ʱǺͳεĽڽڰܰܣͣϷʱ򡣷ڵңҲǺͳεģŽʮꡣ仹ǳãԸ˵ĹƶɢԷܿҲգҲգǵ£Ƚ͹ء

ԿŷܿǱҪƯףһǺЦðɺðɣ˵ɡ

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ܿһ飬תôңһת˵˵ܹˣڿء

ͻá

ܿ÷룬§ֱʹҡΣ㣬㲻֪жء

ô

𵭵һЦʱܿ˵޳󣬸Ǽǹ㡣Ҳǵģһ˶ؼҿ

ؼҿʲôǸİãĸ޹ĲƸȢ檡֪ĸزĸŮ棬ٶȰԼ˳ȥĸװѼױڼɷչְܿˡ

Ȼ谮ܿɲ檵ġ

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ضŷܿ

Ҳ̫ܿĿţͰ͵ʵ㣿

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ܿû뵽ͻȻԼ䣬ǿһЦ˵ǰüġ

ھؿܿЦɫ˵ʮ꣬ҲԼˡ

һ³ܿɫ˰סɲؿŷ֪ܿʲô˵ʲô

ʱתȥ

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ķܿСطĿ϶һʱ֮䣬׶Ǻˡ

ˮ㴫ٹգ»˵ء

ͷؿŷܿ΢ЦܿҪһ֮

ܿĴֶֶһŲңй֮ࣿ

ʱ̣֮ޱȡңЩ֮ˣɣײᴫˣ䲢

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ܿһӱüˡ˫۴ϲתǹˣǹˣǹˣ

һ˼嵽ǰּ˵һжذţ

ЦЦ͵˵Щ¹й

ܿͷŷ֣ʪһƬ

ǿżģ£Կʲô

ʵǻϲ֮ɶԷ㣬˸󣬱زָ֮¡

ֿ

ЦܿҪǴԲǡ

⻰ݱˣŷܿΪˡһʱ֮䣬ܿö˵ˡ

Цˣϲˡȥѧǰɣʱ˲

ǣǣȥȥԿһòĺ˹һжһЩͨʿܿһ븮˴

йһĻ󡣱ڽܲǺ˷׷׳Ƶۣɲһ˵˻ʵۣʶѧϰһףĲѧöѧٵ

Ŀŷܿ뿪ķ򣬷תȥ

ҪţһŮʵˣ

Ůг⡣

ҲǣԿò׻ˣô˵ҲӦߣʱȺص

˻֣΢Ц˵ȥɽˡ

ŮȻԭҪԺȥԸҲǣһֱŷǰ˵ķƽһҪúøл

ߵſʱ͸ˡǷӼдģĹΡ

⼸꣬ԪǶܰȫԪзĸ˳ţ

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ɽ½ʱڷ󳯶ɽȥ

ţһգתɽµĺɽ

һᣬһʮƾʯݳǰ

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ʯݵĺ棬һССéݡéǰһؤͷҲ۹ڵϣ֦ддš

ŲѸٵذѵϵּ̧ͷ

۹һ˫ۣҲһĿڡ

ббޱаȵ˫ǱȾϵѪɫϼ⣬ޣ͸

ֻһۣһҵͷ㴹£סۡ

ʵ̫ˣҪǷбҲע⵽˫εĳγ次

ԪǶԿ̾ε꣬˫

Ჽߵߡ

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ڵϣһ֦һһ˵ɷѲҶһ㣬ˣ˾𣬷˼̤

ֻ꣬˵ɷб΢ʱѼ̣гһ£Ӹãָ㽭ɽ˭ּǵ㵱ҽģ

˵ڵ֦ǺҵдԪǡдˡɡ֡

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վ֦һת㳯·ȥԼǡ

⸴ӵض

ֱӰʧˣҲס

ߣȥɡ

ǡ

һǰһʮعͷķȥ

Ҷļ϶ԿһվֱһۿҪҰˣһҧְѷµİéݡ

ͦøֱıӰĳԼգգۣɹˡ

֪Ҳץסλ

֪˶ۣһǹϵģǾǣһ֪ͼˡֻǼ׻ۺǮƣգҲܾһ

ʻ˸С

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֪ΪʲôһĻһҲ

ҲеҲգŭҲգҲգЩجһ

ɲȻ˳

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һֱţȢҹķˣ־򽫵õʵ֡

ܿЦ˼ոպߴӵصͷһһϤӰһ

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Կʶüͷ

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Цһ۷ܿ´ۺԿ˵֪ܲǷҸ֮

ܿ˫һɣضŷ

ˮԿҸһ඼Уż

䣬̤ܿʵЩ

ɾֻ÷𾲾˵ҿҲϲã֪գΪ檰ɣ



һըףܿ˳һɫɷ׵Ҳ˲ԿеУ

һ⶯Կɫһ࣬صܿŮƵƵԼֺãΪԼΪḡ

ķܿڵʱء˿̿Կмģֿ͸Į񣬶㼱ˣѲɣ˺þòĺð취һȫˣһӵǷ

ڷ֪ܿǺõʱ򣬷üͷһΪѺ̾һ˵ԭܿԸг˲š

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⻰еĻҲö

ŷܿϸϸ˵⡣

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ȥʷʮƬҶӣһԺɣ㣬þҪȥء

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Կϲ飬Ҫǩͷһ顣һᣬ˫Ŀڣ˫ȭա

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ֱþãżתͷӣֻվƽݣ˫أǿյ˫ӳ£ƽ߷ַɡһֱϲǰ㣬۹䣬ϸϸ˿Ҳһ֮ˡ

ſţͷеˡǰֻϷ

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ԿһЦ뿪

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ϧܾǰڲԿ񣬱ǣҲɶḡЩԡ

һ죬˸硣

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û

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ĸţҲڿŷܿ

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ŷܿһЦݣʵʲô֣

ܿϲæ˵檣շ룬ϰܿ

ϰܿһ֣ŷܿߴӵģرԼĿʱǺһ۹

ӺЦһ֣Сӣ㹴ˣ˰ϲ֡

ִЦҲ죬ǴϷʴŲмҲſڹĮЦһסˡ

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ײײسͷһЦôһǹˣ·ֻҲˣ

˵ܿŮˣҲöˡû⣬תͷУ֣ᣬɡ

УԼҲĻϲ

ڻεƿ

˻ȡЦŷܿҡͷԵظ̾šǵĿһתͬʱ

Ҳ

˵ֱ֪һ̣ףھŽǸʲôӡ

ģһ޳ꡣ

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пˣһоױȵ

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һϮۣɫȸ߹أסɴϣȴֻ˾ã

ӵĹ˾ޣǰ꣬ȴ˴

ǰ꣬ǰһ֣˵¥ϣϲ߰ɡ

ڣôᡣ

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Уһ塣лƽƹΪ߹󣬶ҹӡ

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ʲôûУûгɫڣûбûпɿĸ֡׷ףһŮĹס룬Ҫõ˵ĿأҪΪƾ̵ģõġ

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ﶢԼ˼ѣ˸檸ˡ˵գתߡ

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ɲԿ»ԿģѲɣ˵ʲô

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Ůǵ࣬ȫ׵ľʿֳֳꪣһߺһ߶ָָ㣬һҲׯء

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˵ԹղӦºһЩġ

е࣬Ҳе㲻ͷһˣôԸҪղŲôңĹҲ¡

ֱԹˡ

𰵰Цǰһʱ˵ίȫŬȫܿ棬ҲȫԿġôԼģһٴѾƱϣڿ֪أǸ֮£ǰͬǰ̧ͷ

أ棬ı

ԿָС˶˾ֻһ۱㿴˼

üͷһ壬ԿĹӾͱָˡոյ˱ô֪ߵغġ

·ˣԿӦǡ

Ѱһᣬµ󣬻ˡ

ոʻµĴţһϰ𣡡

Ƿܿ

һ䣬һವһ°ѷĳƿ

װ޵ķܿݺݵضŷ

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ǰֻͬǣεķֻܿзߺ޺񣬲⡣

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ܿݺݵصŷͻȻģԳЦ㣬㼪ԣ˹ˡ

°ͣĲмضŷ˵Ժһᾭ㵽ġ

ϵЦݲ

ŷܿѻ˵꣬תͷ߰ɡ

ԦһܿҲɫһࡣԦ̳ɣ߰ɣ

ԦһӦǣǰʻȥ߳ԦСĵʵˣĹӳˣ

Ҫ֪ܿˣԿһҲĹһġ

һղ

ĹҲ

ԦˣԪʱںĹءֹˣҲЦġ

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Կ˫ðѪ˿ģɴ˫ۡ

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Կе⣬Ҳеŭغȵ֪ı֣Һܲϲ

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˵գһ˦ҡڵ뿪

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УξżУְڵϣȵߣȥ

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ɵˣֻһ

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Կﷳ겻ǲܴùͷȥ£Ҳѹ˼졣

죬ԿһȥˣҲ˼š

ﻹԿʵҪãҲһԼ֪Լ£һǶԼٻơɽأȻ׽⡣õİ취ǵȷóǮԵǮ

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Կüͷת΢Цģڵӭ븮ЦĹӡ

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һ߶̫໺߳Ϸ̫˵ԷˣмˡǼţǻظ

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ǣǡ

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ڳӳ嵽ǰʱ˷ܿĽ

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ں÷ܿһһУһѹֻмõ˵ܿñµĶ裬ѲɣҪǽϵ޲Կ֮ޣ

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ʱԿʵᡣ

ͷںڵ˫ؿ

Ŀ⣬Կһ£˵üǳͼϲ̨档ˡ

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ջĿ⣬ûлش𣬶ֱ

˵ߣԿѹµĻڵһðһᣬغȵûô

ͷ

ؿ˵ģӦ

˵գᲽǰȥ

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һߣϸֱͦţջ֡

ɽü￴һۣʵˣǶأҪҪȥ

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һ󣬷ذɡ

ʹסˣԴϲæӦǣǡ

ʱԿڡеü;Ҫ˵ĥŲ

ǲԲǿųڣ˫

ʱһЦ

ЦУһΪǴ

ವһ£˫ۣ!

ǰɽʮŮ˵˵ЦЦس

ʱһŮ˷ĿӹתѸٻͷŷϸϸ˼ۣǹŮͻȻЦţ㿴˭

һָЦ˵ţ˵ϴڽΪ㱻ô죿ֳŶ

ŮЦ˵ţоΨ²ҵĽ

һŮɫ࣬˫ĴţһԴȤ٣ͱ˵ˡڱ˹ˣСˣŲұǸء

ЩŮ˵ƽúãӳСС⳼һٱؽգ£ҲǶС

һԽԽࡣ˫ŷİۣҲԽԽ

ŮЦУͻȻ䣬һ޳һ˦˳ŷֱ

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ԿһҵģԸǡ

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תۼ䣬ѾһݺݵصŷһӣҪ䣬κηûп

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˦תۼ䣬صس˷!

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ǡþһƼ䣬ǳصسֻážһ죬鵽˳ϣȻ޵ų˷

ڳеƣ֪Լûгзʱֻ÷ͻȻҽһ

һͷ£ع˵ľУ˼ºͻȻŶӲҽ

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ĿУ¸ķȻеӺʹҵĺӣҵĺӡ

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رԿĿɿڴţſڽ˵ӣкӣںԿתۣ֪뵽ʲôͻȻɫ࣡



ʮ ֪



ԿĿѵصŷֱǰһ컨תؿƱʲôݺݵײһ£ֻſڴϢ

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ڣĺͬʱʲô£ǰôˣô£

⼸һˢˢһˣó˱Χмķʹ

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һΣһ䣬һžһظһ⣬ŭȵ㻹̫ô˵ģĸôģ⸾͵ҺùķҪ

⻰һǲ׼˵ģʵڱĿˣ𱰲֣޴ľֹŭˣҲˣ̫ԷĿأ˲øֶŮ档

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ڶ˿˼ݡʵϣڳͷˣںһݵ˲ࡣ

Щ޼ɵĹͶм񣬴ͻͻֱһѪӿ

תۼ䣬һŰ׾һϺ죡

ܵԽԽ죬ЩԭվļѣʱϢȥ

νԿηǶδ֮ŮǱ˿һ޴ﻹҵ÷

֪Уһˡ

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ʱһޱߵŭͻȻӿţӿʺ

ݺһʣǿѪȥĿѵصŷ޵ڲ

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һηηԿȵŸʲôǰӣ

ԿôһȣæӦǣǡ

ȻӦøɴ࣬ηųӣѪڹ壬м֮顣

һȨҡҡͷֲñô࣬˾ǲҳȫѪһųĸϵɳ

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кޣҲ˲÷Ѫ죬ô볶طС

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վԭһᣬͻȻ˻һһ˦ڻҶ׷УųԼһᣬȺ֮زز

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۾ظоǰһĴʱ˿̣Ϊͼʹ࡭Ǹеʣأò׻УȴĪһӴˣֺޣ¸꣬Ҳӡ

ϧǰʱû̫ˣҲǵҪǣΪ˲Կлѡ̣س˴ĺǱָ衣

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ŪһѪϣԲرһ



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ǴãµļλҲóžǸֶεġ

һһбѲͬ

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Կɴ˫УţƤʣµǵѪĿɿڴԿ˵˵ˡ

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ȷʵ˵ͨô֪⻰˵ˣֻ˶ᵱЦˡ

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ﴽǳЦؽ͵檲֪檲Ѫ˵Ұޡ檻һֻǰҰء

жԼӣԿ˹ֱӣŭΪʲôҪݺʹ޵˵֪ٶԴɶӰ㺦֪𣿡

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ųһ㸾˵ĲǣһֱȫȫҲһСһһ̤Ϲ;

ôʲôʱ˵ģˣǰǰǰصСļУȴ֣޻ǸޣԼƺһЩʲô

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ԿŴһգգضŷ𡣿ϧߺ޵ĿУȻһڡ

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˿̵Կٹ΢죬˲֮ǰͣԵþúܡ

⿴ɣ֪ܵˡǵõһ˺ǿǲҲʾʲô

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ŮһԿҲڿŷ

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֪һһֱֻ졣ڷ𾪼֨УƵģıԹŮˣٲ粻ôʱ裿





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һҶˡ

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ʲôã

Щ˵ֻǵϰ߶ѡǵĻ˵󣬷һɢˡ

ǲ˵۽վԺüӣԸţ˵һǼңرԵÿ⣬ȴҲ㹻Ժ⣬Щøס

죬Ͱ͵˵ūˣǻϲˡ˵Żϲ

ͬȻ󣬿ЩĿϸˣǿ׵ġ



ھʮ Ӧ



Ժڰ󣬴һ

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ߵԼŮһŷӰοŮɺαصģ˵а겻ͬˡŮ˵ҲˣĸҲԡ

ֵ˵ǻ常𣿡

ûлشֻǶŷâһᣬ˵˵˵ŮＱǮ˵նȥһףɲΪá

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˳ȥһĲ棬ų˵Ż

Լ˵õų𣿷Цǲݰ

ʱ󣬵˵ˣҪࣿȷѯʣ͵˵ˣӽ𣬷һտʳĶŨࡣ

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˵ֵūһӺ˵һ䣬ǣڹͷ˳ˡ

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ɳ©УһŲ

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һᣬһ̫ڷ⣬ѹͼڵ˵ˣ

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Կһվһķܿವ̧ͷŵؿŻʺɫš

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ܿæǰ˵檲˵

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ܿһ͸Űףҧ˵ҲʹԿ

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ʱһе﻽㡣

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УԹޣ

ܿϴһԽ˶˼ŽȻΪв֣Ҳ϶ÿһǰϵֲˡ

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Ҳܵģʺ˵һǵ㸸ʻĵģ㸸᲻ãһʱͿѡ㡣

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ŷܿԿʵܿôе˵ɫôã岻ʣ

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˵һ˦㳡ȥ

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һü㼱ӭϣŮԿĿ⣬ȥ

һۣЦֲ»飬Ųӭء

һп£սĮ̬ȣǻȵıԽԽˡ

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һΣܶ˿һԸɣ˶ԴᱸġôᱸǺԥϼԣԥذƽ֪˵Ĵ˺׵Ĳ·

Ϊһ̫µĹԱ˭ֻ֪ʼ޹أ֪ϤȨĹģǺ׵ˣֻǴ׽Ϊǰ㣬ޱ߿ຣˣЩƲ߲ŻƷԣҲֻˡ

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һ˫ֱ§Ȼһе֣Ҳе㻶ϲŮΣ㻹ʶࡣ

ȵĺľÿһһƤ

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˵ҪѰɣҲϲġ

̧ſԽԽ죬ԽԽ죬쵽;ˣǲϰߣΣͲˡ

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ʵ⻰÷ѣԿһԼҲףҲΪ֪һ㣬Źϵظġ

ŷԿۺȵҲҲɣܵøһ³̰ɣ

һϳ⿴ȥĶԿͷһݡѹǲˣ֪ƲԷ𣬱زǰôĽһȥһӢͻˡ

ѹԿʵ˵Ǻã

죿Цҡͷ˵⣬Ҳ֪ˣ常

Կʧ˵Ҳ֪ôֻðɡǵġ



ھʮ ˡ



Կĵضŷ񣬼ͷ˫ֽʶţһ޲ߵ̾һ⵽Ǹϻ۵ģҲѽ⡣ѹûа취ˣȥ常ա

һ࣬˰յС˸Ĳ˳ȥ

ܸ˳һ˽΢΢һˡ

Ӧһתߡ

˵ȵȣ﻽סģʵˡôƽƵġͲ졣Ӧûϲһ󰡡

񵭵һۣ֪ʷǡ

˵գ̨ס

վ̨ϣĿŷ뿪Ӱһᣬƿšỽ˰գ

ΣԿΣ޹ء

תۣһҹȥˡ

Կ˸磬ֱͶԼ常ĸУκ常ֻǸʲôߣǸеĶĻţ˵飬ȲмʶԿֻ󷵻ء

Կճţµ⴫ˣ㡣

Ӧһʵˣ

˵Ƿҵˡ

ҵˣЦһ뵽һô˵ֻĸףĸˣǸұûκθϵ

֨ѽһƿš

һ񣬵ˣѰҪڹȥ𣿡

˵ͷҲɡ

ڹµĴ£񻺲ոսá

ڷ·ʱӣŮ޶ˣԱ߳룬ʱʱ

Уһʮ꺺ӣһʮ߰ɣһʮٸ˶ݳͣڷƲﾫ

ϣݵغžƷŸ㣬⣬ٸ˵Ƿôô˹ٷ˾Ͱˣǰܿǹеأ˶úܡ

ĶСңԷҲԿٸһ˵һ߶ſһ֪ۡԼˣ˵ĻøԼһ

Цһ

ǸٸͬĸãǸ꣬ҲͬĸĶܡ꺺׵õܡ

꣬ǸУû۸ƾʲôˣԼ͵ù֮дǣ

·ͣ˽Ų

׼˺Ĺ£΢ᡣõ˵ôʱ

ǹһһӦҲ֪

˼һ˵ҵԶˣҪһӭӣءɣȥʱϻҡ

һ˵һתǵͷߡ

ٶе֮⡣ǹ´˴ŷҲ֪ڷļ磬ǲס

һ󰲾Уﴫһڵؽʲô˼ſڻ˻ȥŲɣ

Уٸһ󣬸ˡ

񻺻ֹ

عͷؿٸꡣ겻ǵϣؿİ

꣬жٴԼѷþֹӺݵԼǰһΣԼĳԼˮܣ꣬ãٶ⣿

ĸףһҶŮסһ΢ţ¸ȻǮңڱ̰ȫļױ

ĸҲգ׵ļҲաǷҲգȫĸ׵ѪڼĻϣŻӻģҴһӡ

ĸףǸ͵ŮӡѵŮӲ֣ĸҲֻᡣ

һĸһϻۡףԼ˲ֵУȴֻŮ䣬ִֻذԼС

ǣһЦϸúγԣ㲻µ˵ȻòϲǴҲˡתǹ£ֵ˵ȥ׼Ʋ˲ˮΪҵ˽ӷϴ

Ϳ˴Ϊ⡣ǰͷһ˦·ش

ǵıӰĿģһĨЦǼЦ

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һϱ㺬ſֵЦݣл΢΢ʪºã˫ַϥؿٸ˵ܣãôˣôûǾͲ𣿡ڵġǷá

ǲǣˡ񼱵۶ˣҡͷ

ǣһ˵񰡣Ҳ겻Լˡ㸸㣬ǹ

𣿸СĵطˣöŮǹ̽̽·ᵽɣ

񰵰ЦǰһҲԿͷƵǰ̣һӵ˻ȥ

һΣˡ

˫˵Ҳס

ôԾҶɿˣⶼǵˣҼ꣬ñȹŮʱˡʵڼʱůԲвɫݹ

ŴЦõģĹڹûϿءµŮϲǻʺҲ׺úܡմĹӵĹ⣬ӻò

⻰һͬʱɴۡ

 ҧ˵ԭ治صղŻǻȥء

һЦ뵽ǸСطˣûжǲֵģ´ȻҪǾȥˡ

˵Ȼ㼫ϲһл衣ﻹģĽУܿסĻֻĸ㡣ãǵĸ̫ˣν죬ǵĴУѲ֪ߵغǷˡ

΢΢һ㵣񾪵ҪǻȥǸǰôô죿

һԽеǾǡܿ˱µˣȱ˶ˡմĹ⡣մıˣ

ԣüĿ΢˵ܿҲôġ

ôġǵһ󡣡ɿˡǳ;棬Ҳˣ㰲һ°ɡ

ȴһΪѣ˫֡ӵ˵Ҽҷ࡭˵Ҳӵ˵һõĿջ·µǣæ˵壬ãǷģջʳûǲصĵġ

˻࿴һۣ϶˵Ǻãסջɡ

ǾǣҲܹܴô檣ǿҲơסջҲá

ڣ䶼Ҫոĺۼǽϵ໹͸һ֪סϵݶԶԶ硣

򶼳ǼأԸȻոսȥΣŶ˶µ檺ˣЩֺҪ׳԰׺ȵĿǲӭġһ㣬ظоõ

ڷԸǮסջĺܡ

ͬˣһЦãȥõǮŵ˳

⣬˴Ķںšһˣúõ˽ֵС

УʻõһԸ˸߲ҵ˵ɾӣ֪ǰĹӶ˵ϻˡ¿ǳ谮ǰʲôʲôˣҼĹһֵܳ衣ѹ˶˵ҼĹĴء

ʻ˵ɷҲǽζһʱ֮䣬Сطģ᲻һĸŮֱټöǣԼһ޶ˡǰ°͡ȥϵĵɫͰôҲڲס

һٽ֣¥¥͵ʮɵĿջˡ󷽵˦ƬҶӣ˲ϲɫ

Ľʡӡ̵ġ˿̣ʡĴҲʡˣᵽʱлֺá˵ʲô˵ĻĺܺãõʡĴ㶼ԲںõĴǵЦǰ̫ǡ

Խ룬ԽϲЦտҪȥʱǲ˳ȥҡڵ˽ֵ

ûлظֱׯ

תȥˡ

ÿһ죬ţҹ˲ŻءԿΪ֮£ҲæòɿѶûйˡңû˹ŷ١

硣

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ɰ

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ʻս˵ϸϸһľˡǶɺӵǹˡǹߵŮһӡɺ͸ɲǶȭ˵ãǹ˵һơЩдõĻӵ˵ˣ˵ʲôĹǱ¶ķˣ˵ʲôǺÿ

˫񵭵˵Ȼ¹طˣѾ֪ˡɡ

ǡ

Ϣȷʵܿ㴫˷

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ʱһ̫༱˹ףеˣˣ

⹬УûҪ²ġæͣ½Ų

̫س嵽ǰɤӣͷ˵ˡǶռ˶ˣǶ˵ֳͽ㡣ʺҪȥ˽ͽ͡

ʲôֳͽ㣿

ɫһףһ

Ͼ˵ģɿæ̫һȥһƬҶӣʣλ֪ʲô£

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ֱǰֱðǣֻ˺һᣬѹæй澣Ƽ˵ȥȥԸҵԿǴҪ취£ʲôһҪáǣҵˣҲûкùӳԡȥ

ǣǡ

ǣ̫ߴٵˣ߰ա



ھʮ Ϊ



һ죬ûпȥô

ǰʱ֣оѵƻͨ²ݡʱ¾˾

ƿʱһǷ׷׿ɫ졣

վ̨ϣߵֻ˵Ůɣ˼˳£Ժôȥ̷˵ƣ

һŮҲ˵ǣԼҷûнķˣ˭Ҳ

ŹиôҪô乬ͺˣʱô

Уﰲؿŷ𡣹ڷ͹Ϸ˵£ҲӷҲ͸¶ǴӷĿУеķ׽ãǵĹϵð

ǹϵٲãǱϾǽãõٻʲôҲҲմġУ常УãǾǲԵ޹ġ

뵽

ĿɨŮüɻȥ

ʱ鷿Ŵ򿪣һ˽еˣ㡣

ǡ

Ŀŷ̤鷿һŮ͵ʹһ£˿Ҫżˡ

̤鷿

ڣԿ߳һ˵ȥˣôŻأ



ԿһֵЩ˳ˣ֪飿Цһ쵽ڽֵһΣôû

ۿɻأʵ˳ʲô£ƺԤеʲôĴˣš

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ʱԿ˵һӣûмϻ۵ģ⻹ǸԶҪǸýʰ˵̯ӣ͹ҶˡУָ

Ϊ٣ӦõģأֻۣܵҲᷳţҲָݣǰķ⻰һİɣˣǺ³ǰҲô⡣Ǻ±ָİɡ

ֻǰӲ˼ѡ

Ŵ˵Ĺӿ֪飿

ԿһЦô֪飿»֪ͨҵء

һ£Կȵǳ£뷨ʰɡ

˵գԹ

һۣͷ

ͷվڷУһԲԵôɪԿѾ峯żһţ˵˵ô˵ˣ

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ǲ֪Կŭ⸾ˣ˵֪˵ʲô

Կ뵽ķǷ֮ҧŻ˵ȥöʮƬҶӣ£ˡΪ

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˵˵ţڵվ

ڷת˶ȦɫԽԽ࣬ԽԽѿ

ʵԿҲ֪˵һǧһиܿڹԼ߷磬Ǻô˵ġҲ֪˵ĹвǴڱԼ˲µġһΣԼǰǰߣ±ΪŭҪʱʱ˵ûһα¸Ҳʹͺͷˡ

ǿԣ÷һѡ

뵽Կ˳һһƨϡ

Ŷͷһģͣ½ŲͷʵؿŵذԼĵӰ

ʱԿƣģᷳô˵

侲ˣҲ׼ǵشˡ

˵ǣʲôҲˡ

һأԿڵ̧ͷ

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Կ˵ȣŨüɽᣬ˵ֻܵ𣿡

û

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һԿĺˣ⼸쿴÷ˣ

ǣ

һӦУת̨̤ףǻЦֻͷԼķ䡣



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ʱԿ常˴ţ˼һҲ䣬ǻ



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ļҵǼģղٽҶӡٽǸ޵׶Ϊġ

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˳

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ԿոճŲãűһͽԶԶģֻŷ˻ƵĽǷأ쿪ţҪҷˣ

Į˲ڡ

ڣʱôڣǷõеūţ㿪ţǼء

ǹԣһתᡣ

ʱǷˣеūţǷ˳ûУĵãôһУŽг㣬ʱе

ʱһԿ˻ֵ˵ӴӴúõɾӣô·һһյģǱϻѪأǿ

һ˵һ߶ŷϾֻ

𵭵һۣתȥ

ʱĽѱϰҲǣײϵ*****Ƿõ

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ڷ𿴲Ľ䴦ѹŭȵ˺ˣǻأҲûмʲôٽأǲæˣҲʲôط



ھʮ ̽



죬춼ҷֱ̲סƿڴϸպûظԿʱ޷͵Կҹ

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ѵҪ֪ȥġ

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һСĵ˵ðɣһۣ˵Ͼݡ

ԿЦʲôݣĹӶ˵ˣ㵱ûЩˡ

ԭǵ˷ܿĻ˻ȻǸͬؿ

ʱԿŷ𣬾ĹӵĻɼˣˣҪҲա

ԿĶУͷԿתΪشʱֻ÷ϸǡ

Ӧˣ

Կعͷŷؿһۡ

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ǡʻȵسŽֵȥתԸУһ޺



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ǰսֻڽţвûȫԭ޴ĵ̻رţûм俪ŵġ

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ظʱѵ˰ʻ룬Ժúܣʱæӭϡ

üķʱǵĵЦʱ¿ɲˣá

Цʵʲô£

˵ǴˣʮءһʵūأǱ㲻ӣ

ûǰҺˣȻﶼ²

˵ͷԭˡ

Сĵؿ𣬵˵ˣΪʲôôûпڣһ֪ݣ㶯ֵġд̽

ҡͷ಻֪˲֪ôһ۷Ŀйâ

Ǹо󸥶ɵĿ⣬ЦЦһգڹŮֽ֮ѵʱȷʵ뵽˴ţԼԿнʧȥλԼΪжġ

ⲻ˽յĴǰ;δҲܵԸҰ

Ҳã徻һЩˡ

Ჽڡ

ٽʱʱԿ˸һظæϵķ䡣ô檣ģóˮÿÿĽģֱǰԼԿе־ãڳеĲ⣬Ҳȥ˴롣

ʱʱϻأס˴Ķ򣬺òװѴͻعֱͬסˡһϾˡ

ԿһԺصšǺſίĿǰʱԼһһα裬ҲֻôԿĻᡣкܶ෨ӣһҲʹʹ

Ҳ÷ԿͷˣעɫƵʱˣӡ

ţһЦ

һǼȥˡ

⼸죬Կʮֵķæ׵£ҲһʹߵɳǷҲܸоš

ַΧУøˣ춼ǸԿһǰƺ˵ŻӽŲнųһ

ʱԶرܣﻹǱгҸһΡڷǲڸУҲ

ӣҲæʵϣս󣬱㲻йѰǧױפڳ⣬ÿﶼѵ֪ӣܵĵ˱һ£ɵġ

ʵϣǵȥңҲҲġ

ʮȥˡ

ʹǱߣӦÿѶ˰ɣ

һհȵʻԸ

ͣ£صƺܰ

ԦҲѹúܵͣˣڵ³ء

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ջ˹ƿȥ

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𾲾ӭȥڶĿʱʶض¡

Ჽ߽

ֻ߳Կ鷿߳һ̫࣬һǹ澣ǣûô

⿴Կɫе죬󲽳ת۱˷ǰ

ȻֹԿֱֱضŷе䣬еգҲе˵졣

ҲԿ

ÿһζͬվһ࣬ҲĿشƺ忴͸һ㡣

𰲾ؿԼԿЦſˣñ°

ˣ̧У˵ȥ

ʱֲԷܣԭ־С

̧ؿһļҲ£΢΢һһϴģ

ˣ̬Ҳ̫Щ

һߣǿԭһССüȻһ˵ССüʱԿ̲סͷһۣɫŲ

ô˵ң⻰ﻰ⣬˵ûб£

ǲ סڳһ̵̬ļˮ˫Կ

Կѷֱһͺȵ˵գ鷿ȥ

ϵһģæŲſ졣

վں棬˼ȥӰǸոһĨЦȴ֪ôģ˫۶ֻյ֣ôҲЦˡ

һֱʵվڽģɿصͷڲԶҲͬʱͷ

顱һűعϡ

Կѷŷһƣ嵽Լһ͹༸ڡ

УѾ峯żһš顱һ촫ˣٲҪһ¡ɷ𾲾ؿɫȻƽ͡

ķԿһȵǲһôı£⵱ɷĲСˡ

ڵתֱֱصŷ˵һ˳ַͷ뵱أǲ

̧ͷƻ£ںڵ˫͸ž׷ʲô£

Կ˳һϡһ̣ϵŭŲˣʣµģֻ˵ĸӺʧ䡣

һᣬԿų˵ʱ˺󣬱߾

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Կڷ𣬲˵꣬Ѵסˣסˡ

¾ټԼˣԼһˣȻټԼ

ʵҲ֪ʱĺУøΪġ˵ĺСǳ¹˵ĵλҲԶԶ߹֪Ľء

ⷬ˵ƣڱҲơ

ò˼ģֻз𣬻ϰ˷ְرݵԸԿ

Կ޺޵صŷ

֪ĺӺζ̫Ӻͱǰʾľ²ܣ˾ãԿĲŸӣе飬вͷ

ںˣ˶֪ԿǸ֪µġⲻǾʾˣԿͷ׼ƣʵķ֮

Կصŷ𣬵Ļش

ȴǶ죬ʪֻһʱ֮䣬ˣ֪˵ʲôĺá

ٹ̵ʶУû뵽Լһվǰɷһһȸߵ͡

һգ˵뷨ʱ϶û뵽

ֻһתۼ䣬ȻƵǰ

Կŷ˼㱵ģŭҧгݵ****һߺȽУһĴż档

鷿УֻĴϢ

ǴϢԽԽʶ£㿪

ǣ

ϵģ̧ͷԿһǶҪʱձ¿ɻ٣ֱֱضų˵Կϸϸ֡

Ӻݵ̬Կڰյ֣ؽ

ǲܶܶӡۣñ¼˴ǲס˱ĵطʲȥУҲʱ鷿ش򿪣Կ˳󣬸һϮװĴ



һһ 



Կڵأ۵Сۡ

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뵽ҧЦҲʵġŷظΣҵĸˣ£Ҷ϶ϲʣ

ŵͷķڼϵʮָģ¶ˡ

Ҳ֪˶ãԿѹֵȥ

˸˳ȥ

һ鷿ţֻ㡰鶣顱شƷҵ

ϼվ̨½еŮˣ

ûп

ŭŮˣأˣ

ȻỺӺݵسԼķȥݲԣȴ߹ʺ

һᣬתŭͷһ嵽󣬡ס֡վ鷿⣬ŻؿŴֽһס֡

عͷɴİҪԿеĺסˡ

ʱԿǰһŴ֣鷿

鷿һϣʱߵԸķǰͣ½Ųɫµʱһѹ͵ûУԴԷһ

˵㵱ʲôҲ֪

ǵķ𣬱ôһѣǰʱûܣ޹˼ˣˣһ룬׹һԿûƽƵԼʸ˵άϵĺøУϤʹõģҪֶΡ

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һᣬѰ˼һᣬ˳ְѷŹϡ

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ɳ©Ϣš

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æ죬˫ۣ浭¹⣬ѹԼϣԼһȭͷԶˡ

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ڷְͷʱ͵͵ȻڰУĴиŭɫ˵ұҩ֪ʲôоղż˯ˣһԡ

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һҹɫԼƽ͵˵ڵ㣬˵ɺã

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ֹͣҡε꣬ķ˵¾ټңվ

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ڰУ˫ǣů㣬̲סͷһһڡ

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ĴҲϣҲգֻЦһܡ

Ĵȴڲ֪Ʈɿ

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ĴҲƣơתۼ䣬ʹһȴҧһڣ

ҧһڣ

һȫѹоϵ꣬ԽԽȵĸ ǵɴۡ

תһᣬͻȻģػ

ⰲҹ䣬ͻڵ̧ͷСʱˣңͬӦ˯˵ĸĻشҲʶģѸ٣·һֱû˯ţȻһš



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תͷĿ⾧ؿ͵˵Ȼȥ

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⻰Ѿ˵ˣĸڼǣ˷е쳣

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ʱһֻһ븮ͬʱһ̫ڵԿϰڣ



һ ͬ빬



Կ֣һ˲ýӲޱȡ

ܵǣʱ׷׵תͷ

û˻شԼ̫಻ͷؼеϰڣ

˦˦Կ֣պ̨ףӯӯһ檾Ƿϰ𡣡

̫˵ͷһ۷ֿԿԿɣ빬

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УԿһһֱʻţöֱĴ΢΢Ŷԣе㱵ؿĽ־

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ҲǣŲʮ˾Ůӡ

Ӹе˶ԲȴԵøˣ͸ź죬üĿ͸ŵĮԱߣȴ·˺Զ·Ҳ޷

ԿԼĿ⣬е㲻ܿƵؿÿһۣĿڱһʹ

ҧԿ˵˾ǸˣΪǼ죿

Կ˵ĻǷȻģ˼Ʈɵؿ棬ƺûע⵽˵ʲô

ˮӺݣ·Կ޷Խġ֪УԿɫһ࣬һ죬ವһ£صؿ˷ֱۣ

۵úܽÿҲ֪һƬࡣ

عͷ

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֣˳ԿƵָ˫˵ʹ档˵۵úˣֻ޷Լ

вֱ׵òֱ׵в

ԿɫһƬҧгݵصŷȴɿ֡

һſֿ棬

ķԿֱӵŭ޷ƿصĺ޿ࡣҧ͵ˣڻҵӣ

⻰һ÷״̬ѣعͷ

̧Կϸ˵ϲôײɣɽңȢؼҡ

𾲾˵ǵǵûʺ谮ģΪޣǰ̵塣

Ǻ񣬺ܰƽ͵˵ЩԿˣƵûţƣؿڴһֽʹ

ҧŷЦҷǼ˫˫ɣϰˣ

޿˵Ҷ϶ϲ֣

˵ҧгݣն

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ֵóԿ˵⻰ǳԷθֱţԿɱԼ

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ԿʱȻ˼šһڴѹǣҵӣԿӣ㣬Ҳ֣Ҳȥˣ

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˫ðʱֻһΪƵˣһɡ



߿ԿҪ̧ͷ뵽ԸյĵλæѹԼĳ嶯öԷԼĺ⣬صͷ

ʵϣҲûп

ֻ΢Цؿŷ

Щʱˣûڰ￴˿̵һϮɫף羱Ǻڵ÷ô̹ǵļ״𣬳ĵֱ˵ĸ߹رһ˫Ѫɫӣںɭɭĺӳ£ֱޡ飬ƫƫⲨ˵䣬е⣬˵Ϸʣ˵ľ

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Ƿ𣬴˿ջػ㱵񣬿ʼƽľ

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ĹתͷʱУҲһǴ

Կͷͬʱ̧ͷʱﲻͷĵͺȵŸʲôߣ

֪УһᣬԿͬʱʻʻǰµڡ



104 ʻ



ˡ

һƣԿ㿴˿ͷ˲Ҳ˲ؿԼˡ͸żɬ꣬˿ɣָ߸ϣԿֻǿһۣоΪ֮һᣬؿ

Ȼǰ׾ɵϴŵЦٲǰȥֻʹأǰϸ߹ĺȴһַ绪·ʹԷֻԼͥԺ·ҲֵֻܽãӺݣͣʹվҲʧɫ

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һᣬü˳ĵػ

Կͷ

¹£üｿǽģشӹ͸һḡꡣ£Կüͺȵ°ɡ

ǣǡ

üʱԿһ۶ۣԵеľ

תͷ

ʱͷӵط£һһ

ӣǲע⵽Լ

Կ׼ǰʱҲ̧ͷһԿϽӵػˮģƺҪγ

ôһСһϵ̨ĸˣ

ԿüͷøˣҲûһ˦תߡ

֪Уƿһȷš

УһСӰȥʶУԿϲػ

һӰһ

Ѹٵģ鲽˹ԿһСŮӵػ

ǼȲܵԺȥˡ

ԿջĿ⣬ͺȵڸʲô

СŮһͨһڵأ԰ֽԿҲͷ⣬˻ֵȥʱ˼ݳԷй

ûм׷ʡæӦǣǡ

һᣬһŲǸҷ򹧾ػң

ɣҲ

ǣǡ

һ߽һֻԿƽطϲĴ̨ϣǶֱ̬Ҳһ޶

ˣԿ˵ɡ

ǡ

һһǰվãԿѰ˼һ˵սǹɵԺ

̧ͷˣǷù˵ľˣϲġ

⻰һصͷԦǴ˴ڰʱǰеһ࣬˵һ䣬ҵԺﰲĴţò˶ãҲǰġ

϶û뵽˵Ļ䣬Ȼ

ʱԿ̧ͷ

ˣ˵ǵ˷ҲüţҲǵӡ

˶٣ʲô쳣ߣʲôرȥ˱ԺһҪǵø֪ҡ

˵ˣûУ

ǡǡеɵĸԦĻشɴõ࣬ǰ˱˵ʲô£üס˭ӡһֱûʹʲô¡

ڿ˾ûдʱ򡣿ͽ⻰𣿷ǿӡ

Կվ򸥶˵Ժ˵ʲôǲǼбԺЩ˵ʲô㶼һһʮظҡԿţ˿ǲĴġ

Ǿ棬ŵæڵأӦǡ

ԿֿԦ򣬽Ƿù˵ˣ˳ʲôˣ˵ʲôһһͨҡǲȻݹˣ

ǣǡ

һһͶԿ˵ͷֵȥɣǾ͵Ժȥ

˵ͣһ£ãҪҪһȥͷ𣬷ߺ֮ȻԿŸʲô

֪ͻȻŵü˳ȥ

һߣԿ˵¡ҧڼһҲļһ죬һ졭

ԦһǰһűԺȥ

һߣһʱʱضǲ˵ҪӦôɴֲ࣬磬ûаԥǻģȻƽضǲģԼҲġ

Ѱ˼뵽ϡ˽ƣѵһĻ뵽˫һжףܿƵ񣬲ɼܴһ

תۣԼԼ˵ʲôҪˣ㵱֪ҴûгûԲ¡˵߶ûмõˣǰǻжģһֱĹһ·ġ

뵽ý˵

вٶ˵ҵС˵УŮûʲôˣƷ߶ȡ

͵ģΪǼȤ£ڵƷתΪΡУеŮĺѣŮ䡣

һ룬ʵҲˣ˵һ˵ɡ

ûзҵ飬һ٣£Ůľչġҿ̻ģֻУһŮ˵ǿ֮·ĹѪ顣

һ˵ҵУֻŮûŮ䡣мŮ˳֣ҲŮ䣬ֻ˵Ϊƶĳһˡ˿ģһЩдԵ

УÿһƶáҲϲдֽǶȺܹС˵ÿڵ趨ģĿĵġеĺլôıʵдп޵龰

ҲҪҪŮ趨һѣһаáǷˣΪҵĻƣ߰ʮֵУһ磬дһŮ˵ķܶϺܶڶҪΪ˿ɰʲôģŪŮһܷھƶ鷢չֽܱɾ



108 



󣬻ûпǵķ㾲˵ˣ΢΢һЦ棬ᰲǵġ

ͷеƺϵǻ

˵Ǹʲôˣڵ̧ͷ˷һۣסеľ̲ͷԦͬʱӦǡ

¹£һֱõҹʱֲ˯

һ˯ر𣬼û뵽ǰʱӪӪΪԿ㣬˵ʵڵģԿҲйٳǻ۵ˡһ㲻ͻ᷸ߣ־ûзԼһ㡣

ˣҪ̫ܰԣССĵشĻУ׳һյĽʣ˽˵ʲôʲô£ȻҪһģԲ˺ķʽס

ˣһֱۣ˯УҲĥôڣôѡ

جεУһһ£Ժг֡ҹ۵ġ

ˣԭ˯úô͵¡

һҹε󣬷˻ûѣǺЦеߴߴܲʱ֪ôģһҲ

һᣬֳ˯ȥ

һ˯죬Уÿ춼Ҫ˯嵽ʱУƺѹؿڵľʯƺҪǰǷ˯ߣһӲ

죬ڳˡ

齵˸ʹæ鲽ǰˣˣһ˵һ߰ѷ߽СĵʵˣҪô

ڸǶŮŮ˿ͷվһ࣬ǲм븥һԷڡ

һ齡

ǡæӦһǰŷ齡ѣϴãͭʱĿ⾧ӨԵʮ͵죬ɲʵ˺ܿ𣿡

ǳЦǰܿġ˵Ҷ֪ԭҿôĵġ

Ϊ뿪Կ뿪ǸѾϤһУãȻ᲻֪롣

ΪֻдϤĻУϤˣǲֻҪϤģİ

ˡ

ͭУԵԼ˵ˡúúõشһԼúõȡһԼˡ

վæЦǰǰ˵ѷȥƵģѾˣǸˡ

һʱʰ׵վ

ߵǽ鱦ĵطҲ˸Ͷڳһӡ

һһҫ۵Ľۡ

֪Уĺʪˡ

֪У۾ճЩΣôҲƲҲ֪˶ãֱһϣѡκʮƬҶӣǷ뻳нҵķתű˱ۣѸٵصͷ

Ļֱ

ʱţڱԺ޷УﶼµĵذǵذҪϸϸģһƬһƬùȥҲᷢпյġɴ˿ɼǺεȽ

ˣ֮ذţΪǱ´͵ģΪˣﰵﶼڶšѹͲ˭춯

߳Ժ䡣

ԸԦЩಽ˵ظˡĸ֣ҲٶԣԦʻ˱Ժ

񣬱ʹ˴ѵĲƲ룬ЩƲðײãҺúõһ

֪Լʱбµ˶š£µʹٶ࣬Ҳ߽ܲ

ΨһģǰǮ

ǣ˳ׯԼϲĳϣ׼׽ѡ

𿴽ѣһҲ򵥣ʽƮ͸Ϊ˵ģǶнġ

Ϊˣû޺֮ǵĻǮ£ӲǰϸĽԼﶬļɫһʽڽҲУԵüΪĽѡְڸ˶׺װ

ֹ֬ꡣӵȡ

ҹĵطתһȦ˴ʮƬҶӺ󡣷ŻصԺ

˼գ벻ԼҪʲôʱΣȥ΢һ䡣

һգãȡѵˡ

ǳׯЩģԲöʽĽŮҪ£˼׽֣׼

ǡʱһϤԱߴѷǺ˲ö滪ʢ˾ϲȴǴ

еµѷǹԼöġ

ˣģ˵һѷҪң

һ˵һѷãԴһˡ

͸϶𿴵ǻƼͷ󺹵ӣֱһ۴ѷʽЦЦ

ȥ°ϵĽȥһһģһֻɫͬѷ

һᣬ˳ʱѻѡõЩѣȫǹ廷죬ʽڷмƮݣǼĵġˣԸ׳ѣҲԵ忡ࡣ

һߣһߵͷԼɫ˷ܶŵΣ˵׺ᣬ˶ŮĽ

嵽ſ鴦潿ɾѺòã

ͣŵУǴһġԿɾԼŮͬʱعͷ

۾ͬʱһԿ޵

һϲЦտ

ʱͻȻ֣ԭϸƣĿ¶޵ˣͬʱˢˢ

üеôˣ

û˻Ӧתͷ

һͷҲˡ

ģǷ

˿̵ķ𣬴һʽİ׺ѡֻɫʵ̣ɫϡ

ˣļãɣ˫ǿգݸӺԽ

ǰں΢ԿھӪǮҲǴؽ޵׶Ǽ궼Ʋһѡ

ˣķϺݣǾ޸һ£ЩЩʲôҲܴ

ǣеڲͬ

ڣǱڽҲеѡ

䣬ԭ˲߷ִ磬ľɫмˣʵǾµױ͵ѷӳĳġ

㻺ϣ˼۾ɫֻһͨݵĸˡ

ǣһ˲䣬ڣǰ䣬ǰˣǹؾļ͸һֵ͵ĸţصĻӣȻƮƮȻֱϦ£УҪ߷ȥĵס

ּµƮ͸ӳ£ͬѷĴֱżˣֱǴֱ̩ǴÿЦ

ָоûκ˸ߴǸоˡ

֪УĹâ壬˳һӡ

֪УתͷԿĿ¶ԺͿȣʹŵ

Ĺأŭһ嵽ǰŭȵô£ѷ

ҧһڣһЦˮתΪ֮ͬʱŵس˸˵ѷáϲ檵ңѷɾ⣬빫¡

˵գ˫ְһǴһ׵ģϵ󣬷ĵ֣ȡ

Ź֮ķżȻҲŸ߹ɺ׵ķ𣬴ͻȻ䣬һǵͨͨ졣

ͻȻԼһС

ҧгݵģ˭ҪѣһߺȽУһȥճһ뵽ԼоһȵĽѣ˻ȥ

һᣬѻԼѵĴ˳Լм

֪Ϊʲôһ򽾺Եһ̾᲻ȥԷʵʵأһ˲ֻӱܡ

ĿŴ֮ززӰ΢ЦⱾΪԼƵѷôʺϣ

תƮţ׿ԷĽѣɲһøԴóġ

ЦʱһӰס

ͷԿԵʹĿ⡣һ˲˲ģؿԿᶯ˶͵˵ҡһؼңǲˣɺã

ӳеķӹĸ߹ţӺݣоޣ

һ̣ԿͻȻãԭ˵ƾɫǣ



109 Կҹ



ʱԿڳճտҪǰǿڷ澣ǽŲȴǧأôҲ᲻

״һЦ˳߰ա

ǡʻ

ԿһֱҲǳ£ȥֱòŻع

ʱһеļ飬粻֪ʲôʱȻ뿪ͷѰ˼ۣԿ̲סֿȥķ򣬿ɬﰡ

ǰĻޣǰظףǿģӵе˰

ʻ˱Ժ

ŮǰѶպú󣬷еԺУͷתƵҶŶů

һƣһ¯㣬һһϸϸƷһ߸ѵõ

һ̣ãԶȥҲһ¡

ڷУʱɿţתۼ䣬ҹˡ

ҹĻؼ䣬УһգƸȥʵ˵˵

һŲ

ŲһһᣬûͷҲˣԿĽŲ

ŲԽԽʮԿվס

ɫӵؿб齣һڵķ

ķûм

֪Ǹϲ徲ˡ

ֻһУҲ޷жɴ·ƽؽŹ£Сվ࣬ʱʱΪůһ彬˵仰

ʱܻᲽǰڼͷᰴĦţʱʱ˵һ˵ٳϵ¡

꣬Ƿ·һ͵͵ضڷУĵ徻    ң㣬ŵģȻԺУ¹µĹŮƣ

ڵһأٰϢȻԵõƵĹ󸾡

Ҫǣ⼸ϣһ˯δоѣʶؿ޷ȻѾˣʱ̣ޱߵĺ͹¶ǵϮָо̫ܣϸϣѰҴ̼㣬ǸоӰΡ

ĴˣȻתͣлᣬ˿ࡣ

ȻԿͲϡŮϲˡ

ǣԼҲֻǴʱȴȥеãȻ

ʱһ겻Ҳνһ¼Ҳûһ¡Ҳֻȥ˱Ժô;û˹Ԯһ㣿

һʣԿʶһһűѵ䡣ſˣݣǻȻɵĹɣͻȻ׹

ûӣ

Ǳ˵ġˡԷˣǷϣǷˣ

¸ӵ˼ԿᲽȥ

ࡣ

ĵӰڷǰӦ֪ѵûлæ齣ҲûЦ

Ȼڡ

˺һᣬԿˣУűԵա

һ󣬼ӦԿߵǰ˵Ȼ

ظ˵ģǱŭ

̧

¹£ˮһŭɫУдʹͼֳԵԿ˻ξ壬˵Ƿ齡˵齣Ȼӭ

Կɫһࡣ

ˢ˵¸㼸ˣ㲻ԼҲ˰ɣҧгݵ˵ҿɲɻҵķˣ

˵֮ʱȲȭͷţ¶ڲšҲ֪ڿԼؼһٵس嶯

Ȳȭͷһۣ΢΢һЦ峯˻Σŵ˵ɾӣǡˡ³֣Կ˳һ󣬷ѵԼɾǱ׷ķˣ̺ˣǹġɾйʱʵıкôġ

һ³ԿӸǻ˻Ρ

˫۵ɵü󣬷صŷ𣬱һҪҲͷ

ʱķǾ۵СۺȤѵͷͷ㷢صס˰ذ׵ֻ¶һ˫ǳҫۡ

Ľëȣӳ£ո߹ľ·չʱ˴ҲԵ÷㡣

е˻Σһں󣬶תΪմԿɾ齡

ٴҪˡ

ǣﻹһΣȴһһ份Ķɾ롣

¹£ŵķԿһڳŭȥ롣ӿģֻ˵Ŀࡣ

һ˺һڷĶ¡

ֱãԿ򻪹ңԶķѹһ˿ŭ𣬾ػ

֣֣ڲм⣬²ҪңҲǵű˵˵ģһҶ㣬ҵٻġ

ǰĿˮ³ĻҲǵͶޱ⣬ýҪңķƳʱǺεȶۣΪʲôҪҶأȥ£ȥ˵ҪԶһɺã

ĺᡱЩ

Լ˫ۣǰĿġ

ͷһ𣬷վʮ⣬һֱͷԵ

ǰԼͺã檡

Լͺãȴڿ˵Ҫȥ£Ҫȥ³´ʡ

ˣԱµҲûУֻԼǰͷˣˣĻֻԼ˵ˣŽȢҲ档

ĴǣһĨǼЦĮȻЦݡ

Կض£˫Ѱ˼һᣬ¼ھƺҡҡͷ˵ء

һԿɫ䣬ѹŭȵΪʲôأҧ˵Īǣ⸾˻ΪĪҪݣ㣬ҲֻһССң

˵һ뵽ʲôһĴ˵ҵǺͿˣҲЩһңҪƷԱӸã磬ٹ⣡

̣䳰ȷ

̧һۣȻƱ˻Σ˹˵ɾʧ̬ˡ

һ˵𾢵Կһҭ

ЦЦ¹£ĵ˵֮ԲǰȥΪ檾ûǸҪˡ

Ц˵ڵˣоܺãѲıʲô

Կ෢һ̽סˡ

ദʱóġ⻰Էθ

Ĳǰȥؾںܺá

Լҹҹߣȴã

Կڵһվ

Ŵʶôĸˣ



110 ҹ



ԿĵУһھƣһ˦׼˵ͿʱһἫЦһд

ЦǼᣬ⾲ҹҲ

Կವ̧ͷ

Ƭ֣ǴҶïˣԿһҪȣͻȻôˣڰҲ޼ɵطЦĪǣǱģ

һ뵽£ɫһסԿæջĿ⣬һᣬŻææĳȥ

ھʱ̲סعͷɫ£ݣһʱ֮䣬ֿɬͿٵõʹӿͷ

˵ԿҴȥѾ峯һţŴ˵ˣҲֻˣµĻŲҲֻʱ򷢳Ц

ûģѵͲ֪𣿻УҲ֪һ˶ã͵˶١

ʱķɫﻹиղԿӺݣȻһƵСģ

ವһ졣

һĵӰĵӰص

¹£ͷǿװƽķһԡ

еŭصεݣⱱԺŶǡԺǸţΪ˵͵͵Ŀŵʲô𣿷֪˶֪

û뵽գգҵ䴫ǰҲ֪ԭ˾ںܺã

ˡ

׹ԼǾ䡣֮Բǰȥ

ڷס֪Ǻʱߵ

§סϸ

һ£ѹ֡һܵͻ𼱼˵ء

û

§ľ㣬͵͵µŮ˽պƲ󡣡

˵һֻһ뻷ͷĿתشŷ˵ѣŲ֪ͳ

ʵҹǻѣҲֲ˾޵ĻƮݡ

һ죬ֳܵͷǿһۣС֡

š˵ͷӸ㽨Ժ䣬ô˿ţɲ֪Щҵ£

һ

Ķߵ͵ʹĻ֮£ʱٸ˵ˡĴ֣£һֱС֣ģѹǵͷӿ뿴ġҪʧˣ޲ңɲ˵ġ

Ҳ֪ǲǴ۽˵仰󣬵һЦ¶һѩ׵ݣǴۡ

ҲǸоɵĿ⣬Цݣڳһģ

һ죬Ĵһ¡࣬κ

ֱһᣬҲûػش𣬷еƣعͷȥֻͷ˫ԵضĿоеԡ

һ£ˡ

һܣʵڲ뱻ôΧſǣҪǶطȥʲô˵Ҳ˵ˣ

Ȳ˽ɡһ糺糺ģǳţʵһòģ

ͷȤؿſţѹе㻶ϲе૵ÿμ㣬ҶǻϲůůĺůůĻ÷޺૲ǰңǵǶׯڼңֲ˵͸ˣá

⻰һһҪԽԽᱡԽԽôˣ

ٵĴʱյ࣬ӣ㽻ڼ䣬ֵ˵ȻҪء

һҭֱò˹ȥ

ֻľһǺѪɫɨңȵ£

һ澾Ƕ˵㹪¡

ҪߣһҲ˲ʲôȵǿŵͣŭǣҪ˭Ժˣ

ˢˢͷʱɻô˵ô˿ǣǲ㰡

ػصǣȻΪǿšһ͸ճڣԼ

£һƣػͷ˫صŭ˵㣬ȻȥҪ

£ˡü롣ɻ˵ϲȣ

ವһ£ⶼˣ͵͵ؼе˭Ҫȣ

仰ԵŭģͳģǱŮӣ˵ˡǣԵķһֱڣӺݵ壬ԶѼϲŭķ

һѰŮһʧصļг֪ôģֱë׶ˬ泩ˡѹѹǣͷһػصǣҪȣҲϲǡʵǴв㡣

Ȼ仰һֱӻ˻Ρһæǰһٴְ§ڻС§һְֻĶͷ̣㲡ˣ

ⲻʣǿ϶һ仰أѰѷһϲ̵س޷ȥ

ּԹҪУκؿڶµ̫һ˳ʱ˵

תۼ䣬ѱ޷ѽһߣ÷عϺ󣬾Եͷֵŷ۴ŷı飬˵ɣͷ̵úܣʵšҸůһů

һ˵һ߰ѷϣԼҲһɡ

ʱķڼѵһǡһ۾ѣҾͶҪú˵˵

㲢ţ漷Щ󣬷۰§뻳У˫ȣҲнȻľسһһ֣¶һʮ滶ϲЦ

ڷؽУֲûҶֻرԽԽƳƽ͵ĺ𰵵Īǣǻ£

Ѱ˼Ը

ڱǼΪ㣬ֻǽرʱʱľѲ˲䣬˺һſڵѾĹס

Ϣе󣬡ģκδºԸ̫ᡣ²ֻ࣬ǿĹˡ

˱죬µǳ˹֪ºܵҸ⣬ֱһʱߣֱڲ𡣡ʱףԭУ󲿷Ů˶ǳ˹֣ĹģУȻҲǸԼͬȵεġ

ٴڷľ˲䣬µֽ붬ǳڶڽս¡ȻҪһܻŮشʱҲ֪᲻ᱻԵԻ󣿡



111 ġ⡱



֪ôҪЦЦ⣬ʵǳȴ֪¶Կʹô

˵գ̧ǸˣϢ൱ǰ겻֪ͬǴ¿ʼڳй㲼ߵġ

ﵭ˵ô˵Կ󣬲룬Ȼޣ˵ʲôִԿȴҲԣ͵ƽްɡֶԿ˵ˣӴ˺ˡ

һ

֪ôģ̲סһЦ

ֻЦһеã÷

ϸϸʱֵͷ

ޣȴˣҪƽޣ

ȤȤ

΢Ц뿴ʱԿı顣֪ŲŵǸݣΪһССƷԱƽޣӴҵ棬ҲҪ֣

뵽Ц

һֱε޸Կһտ㵽

Ѱ˼һᣬʵǴôģһڣ֪Լʴˡ£ͨҲ֪ġҪ֪ûųɡ

ϲȴǲ˵ϼһǲ⡣˵ͷ˫ĿƣҲ֪Щʲô

ʱ洫Сĵˣԣ

Կˣ

һ䣬ۿһôɣ

⻰һֱһڵתͷĮѪɫӣǺ˵ɡ

ﲻĿУ˵ұϾ룬뾭֮£ǲ

ˣ׽ҲҴߣڶԿĳ׾֮£ǿͨġ

ͨҪԿ棬׽Ҳ٣ڻ

ضУڲ֪кۣ֪а

ģ˵á˵뿪

˵գһԾվԣʩʩȻذ˯ҵ½ͷãضƵīһ壬ֵǣҲ½ס

ôͨĶֻ½ͷôȴȸԣ

֪пȥķ΢еķоѹڵһ£ǺȡЦ̤ľģ˳ȥ

Ÿһ򿪡뼱Կ˸š

ͬʱŲһɲ

Կ̧ͷ˲Ҳ˲ؿҵ½

ȴûע⵽Կ쳣ֻǼعͷȥ

󣬴ҹﻹӰ

ʱһʹ

ȴԿضҹ½ѹŷŭصͺȵ˭ղ˭

ȷشռ鴤ţŭ˵ԲԣˣЦղķԲԣ

һʣеЦ̧ͷ

һ̧ͷȴз죬ֵԿ

סԿһߣץּ֣ϰһҲ壬**֪߳ܵļ

Ƿߺƽ

һ䡣

س˳֣յöģ

£ˣ

ǡͬʱ

𾲾Լɾвʣǰͻȥɡ

仰һͬʱվӦǡǴߵԿ࣬һһҰһܣ

ǵĶԿ֣ر˿

Ȼߺ޵صԼȴκηԿӯӯһϸϸ˵ɾοˣɾʵʵİ·ˡ

⻰һԿߺ޵ıסģøˣۿҲˡ

ЦȥȻȥ檣ҲǹˡɾαԶ檹ǴɾʵһƬɾʵʵΪһѾȥˣ˴

Դ󣬳ֿޱȡ

Կһ

УѰ˼˵öԣ£жֻ¶ڲɸı䡣Ȼ֮ѶĹǴ֮䣬пܵġ

뵽뵽ȨƣԿֻͷ޺޵صһ۷𣬰Ц֮ţšֻҪ˴ֻҪܰȥǻǰ

ˣţֻԽԽʶôһ䡣

ͨһ㣬ԿϺʱ֮û׷ȥֱڣҲûȥһְİοԻԼǣԼִƽ

뵽ԿѺ޲ϸϻȥȣˣѺţǼת

ԿȲҪ뿪ȵ°ɡ

һ䣬üô£

æͷӦһǣͬڣȥ

ȥʱ˷һۣڶɫְѷŴϡ

һأټ޷Уֻʣ·͹Ƽ𿡡

ԿŲ΢٣عͷͷؿ𣬵ͺȵʲô

΢Цֻ߽

תۼ䣬ǰ

Կɻ񣬷оܰ˱ǣԿϵĲͷرϲá

սӣյߣ͵͵ģ˵֪ĸ˰ǶԵӵɷġȻԴ⣬β쵶ն飿

Կû뵽𿿽ԼֻΪ˵仰

ڵһ̧ͷ

˷дŵȻĿ⡣

Ŀ⣬öˣʶУ˵ͷ

תۣڵüͷԿʵΪʲôҵõ

˫

ҲԿֻǵģƽ˵İ·ȻһҹްնȻɶ񣬿Ψƽơ

˵תأ˵ȻǲţҲûӵġ

ɵǿţˣǰΪġ

Կضۣģһһ˦ȥ

š顱һعϵ̧ͷǳǳЦ˫ɫرڴͺãϣȽᣬǶ˽գҲԸƽޣ

ʱһҪƵƵǰ

һʱת۱ȥˡ

һҹߺ󣬷߳Ժ䡣

Ĺ֮³Ϊֵ֣ƺЩˣУ̸¡

ʱͥΪȡҲʼŵǿյݡȻв˴ĳ¾ɲõ£ܱûеĺáһʱ֮䣬ֵеĸҵ棬ָֻ˲

ԶԶģ㿴վԼҵǰŻǰѳͥصպá

һĻ龰Ϥǰã緢վŻָֻţǰѸջ⡣ʱ䣬޵һȦһŲ԰ףθݵˡ

ʱоĿعͷڶϷʱʶҲӣ㼱Ҵ˵С



112 



ڽֵתһȦԦзء

ڱԦ֮ǰҲϲڽֵεģϲãԲΪı䡣

Ҳ֪ʱı£ܸȤһһڶţׯʱܹȥˡ

һصԺ㼱ӭŷ˸ɵ˵ˣղŴˣûм˾ˡ

ˣ

΢΢һЦ˺׵Ӱء

˵ͷ֪ˡ

߻ԺС

תȥˡ

÷ֵǣһصԺ㼱ӭŷ˸ɵ˵ˣղŴˣûм˾ˡ

ˣ

΢΢һЦ˺׵Ӱء

˵ͷ֪ˡ

߻ԺС

תȥˡ

÷ֵǣУ챨ڱԺҫһתܵԺãÿʱ򣬶ȫεȥˡ

תһȥˡ

Ŷչ⣬ѣķ𣬾ٲȥ

ԥһᣬᲽϣڷ˸ССػˣҪ𣿡

ͷҲصءһ

һᣬ˵ˣնʱ˵ģҪڸк

Ŵ

ͣ½Ų

תͷ

ŵͷޱȵĸüͷ΢룬ʵ˵⻰ʱǺα飿

û뵽ʶ̧ͷһۡŻæصͷӦʣ

ü˵

õѣСĻصƲ˫ģƣǰһ

ǰһǾֺӣ

ˣҪԿֻ֮һƽޣȻֺģ

Ѱ˼һᣬʵ

ҡҡͷüͷ²⣬ѯʣȴֲҡ

ʱعͷȥ

һһ߰ΪʲôΪʲôᵽʱջ

ʶ˽ģһϲŭ׳ϵ˵ӦһᵽԼ־ջһ뵽Լͺ޲øԼӵģ

Լӣԣ

Ųһ١

ͷѰ˼ǴĿǰĴԸ񣬻ʲôأ

ú󣬷ЦЦһ˦ͣ

űԦ򣬷ͷй澺͸

ŮһԳһᣬᲽ

߽󣬷һ仰ǳǳȥߡ

˴Ů⣬ﶼ¡ȻеķǻŮͬģ㲻ͬҲľٶ

澲𾭳

ڷһ£ʵͬʱԺȥ

ŮǵߵҪһ𵭵޷ǰɡ

ǡ

ǲӦУһ۰ѳƿĹ澣üͷ΢в

Щ澣һǲչɫ֣Լʱһæŷͷ˳ְѳá

Ȼ⳵һӳпԿһƿۡ

˵е澶˾⹬澵Σﻹв׵ģ£ʵʵУҲˡ

ԸλãеƫƧʻ֡

Ǹոһ֣ںеķ𣬱㿴ǰԶͣżԣм׳ʿ

ǼУһ߿һæתͷȥԱ˵һʲô

һ£Ǽͬʱ³ʻǼʿҲʼС

ǰķԡ

һֱŵķйâһУȵһࡣ

һԦһô˵ǶǹģǼȻȴȡ˼־ôԶٶҲ̫Է˰ɣ

ȻԥԦӦҪӴа

ڷʱҲ֪ôģԷǼȴͻȻ٣رǵһƥʲô̼һһ˦Ƿسŷһ

ֻһתۣХ˻ţײ˸˵ΪԸʱ˿ǡһȥһײҲֻǲֻóᣬ洫ļ˲˵

Ԧ򼱼סҪͣ£еĸ澣ھʱͻȻģļгһ

ü죬ֱڶճ嵽ǰһƣһ˫İۣ׺̬¶ĴеļĳҲ㾪õ𣿡

䣬еػֻáȡһŸ˵бһ˦

žһ޻ʿΧϣͬʱ彣еŭǳ־Ϳˡ˵ţµĶҲûͣ٣ֻ̼䣬һһҵĳͬʱʳƬ澵ݣҲǰ

һŮӵޱ߸𣬻Цವ˹ȥ

һޣʮֱŮӵȥͬʱʿҲǺصһһҷֱŮӵ  һĻ仯̫̫ͻȻҲգҲգ뵽龰ͬʱ

ҲǷĽҲǴͻȻ֣ԼָףԼҪҵһХ澱һУǿһͬʱＱȽеͣͣ£

ʿȻǸ֣һ£˹ϵĽ⣬ͬʱһ١

ʿ

ڵػͷźеķȥ

£ضŴȻ׾ϣŵģеЦݡ

Լ΢Ӵϣתгޣ

Ҳ̫㵣ڷشУһֱе㡣

ģѿĿջأضʿ϶еĹŮǰնʧɫ

Щ˵ӣʵֻһ˲䡣

ջĿʱѾȻġ

˫гŴ˸ٳ˸ģǸ˵Ů״˿ʹʵǸ˵̾һǣʹ֪ЩŮǱָɸ檵ġһΪѵ˵ǱдҲýɱ¶ᰡ

˿̣ŮԦǾĩҲɫ԰Ż꣬ĻģֻдЩˡ

˲ʱһ

ȻЩŮʿǣͬʱ˴

ڵŷ𣬱˵İգߺĲ

˶ԼĴ˶һ˵ȻǸˣҲͰˡ

ʹһɫʿ˺̲ס˷һۣ˵СһиôΪʲô˾ֵúȥ

ε˵ѵǡ

˶һŭغȵߣ

һͷ˳ȥ

عͷһֱӰʧǰŵؿ˿ڣظ

ԦæʻرԺ

һ뱱ԺԺͱˢˢ￴ҲĿ𣬴ѯ֮ɫ

еŭŴ˵Ѹ̧ȥдˡ

ȻתǼбĹ£˵뼸λλ̧عҽΣ˳Ѵ¡

˶٣ɬ˵Ѿ˵ˣиôʣһްĸˣʵ޲߿ʩֻܰϴˡϴӵ£һҪʱܵκ˹ǵȥðһ͵ǰɱ±˶ᡣ

ºͻȻ̫ף˿̼ŭԦϵķж಻ʵı飬ҲԼһЩǱ۸ˣ

ƽͬʱһӦ֮

Ԧ˵λ빬ˡ˶٣̾һĩƽ˵ղŴʿÿһÿһǳϻȥҳ磬ֻѻݣ˲˹ˡ

һ˵ԭģ˵ҲǴܹ

һϯñĻ͹ɫ΢䣬໥һۣͬʱ˻ݣ

Ҫ֪ǰڷңȻ֪¶˵ĿأԼ֮Ĺϵġڴ˻ݣ˵ƻµļƻǴ¡

Լͬģºǻͳͬʱ˵˷ģ¡

˵գͬʱ

ŽʻԶǰεĴ򣬷һֱվԺС

ͷѰ˼Ǽޣޱ޶ǳǵʿҲһҵݣ˲˹ӣǲõĻϲûĺ̨ҷڱУҲûüֵҲֻԿɱˣ

ڸ˵ǰʱ񣬾뵽ֶܻʹֻû뵽ֶΣ

ˣΪԼΪһҲǱѵһٱһӡ˵ΪϢˣɴѻ˵Ҵ˳˳سԿޣ

ţ˪ŲһᣬߵԼԦǰȥ˵գ



113 



ոʻֻͨԺĹŴһֱ룬һ̳ؼ

ոճԺ䣬б㴫Կؽڣڣ

һֱԿȻһˣǰ˺ǾάԼġҵʱ򲻶ࡣ

һ䣬ûпڣһ˱Ӧڡ

̫ˣԿЦտһ˳˵Ŀ⿴ڳϣæȵ

һ߽ţһ˹

˦۰嵽ԣԿͷĿѣԵķŵЩ㲻ɳȥ

ֿųԯǿ⼸춼ɳȥǣ㣬ҲŻͬС

˵⻰ʱؿŷ𣬱ǳֿ

ͷ΢ıһͷ󺹡

գգۣʵΪʲôܳȥ

ô򵥵ʻԿȴ޷شһ㣬ţһȥǡ

һۣҡҡͷ¡˵ա̧ͷԦݡ

һ£Կˣſڱߣȴֱ̾ϢͣҼϻؼҸ˵£ɲЦġҧ˵ȥΣգ

һΣͷ

ˣӢϺܵġ齹ǽţԼĿҲǳֿһƬ

ԭǹԼİ

̾һǹҵôңҶˡ

֪ǰʱźʬ屻С

ԼºԿŴ飬Ǵ죬ڻҰķʬ

һ·ıֶѰƽָŲݲݰѷʬŵĲݶѣڣͻȻȥ

ڵϣȻԼһϮۣԼͥԱֻǵͷһԵǲݶѡǰҪæ֪ôģǰŵȴôҲƲŲ

һӣʬѾʼãĿϳҧȫǵķԿǰ

ǱһԿסˡ

һģľͷһҪǻкΪѻ˵

Ҳ֪˶ãڸµ̲סȥʱͻȻ䣬Կ£Ƿģܲ˵ȥ˷ʬ˻Ƶػ

һһһһĽţţǰ˻ߣǰʹ֪࣬ôģøֱݴʶģͷԵһʯͷ

ֻһۣջĿ⣬Ϊ֪Զĸš

Կ˻ţֱƣŽӲطʬһ˲˲صͷ׸õʬһŻǳζѬ޷ǿ棬·УǲƳǰ

Կһη֡ԭǰŷ˵ģҲǵһθоǿ̹ǵĺ⣬ĵױ־ĺ⣡

ֱһʱԿŻججվȻޱ˵ѷ˵ʬͻٷᰲᡣٷᣬԿϼңĸĸ

վƺ޵̫ࡣƺѾָԿŻǰѷʬߣʧǰ

ԿУе㽹ǵУ˫һᣬ˵Ѽˡ

һ³Կ˳һŷ´һ飬һȻƫͷչ⣬˿̫ոչ졣

ͷ˵ǣˣڸղţ澡ˣڴˡ

Կϲػصã

һ仰أ˷𾲾Ŀ⣬Ŀԣʵʲôʱ֪µģ

ʵ죬ԿҲصǸղš˵һơ

ûзֹı飬˵ܺãûϹ߳

˵ԿһۣһۣȻҲ·һ֪

Կؿһʱĳ˼ޱȡ

ֶۻĿٴԿһۣСӯӯһ˵ĺ⣬ˡȵ

ʻ

ֱ˺һᣬԿڴĿŷ뿪ķ

ʻԸ

һֱãŻعͷ£Ըеƣνһҹްնңû˿塭ֻǣҲôˡ

ջĿ⡣

תۼ

һֱǴҴҶҴҶȥúù͹

ȻҲһ

Ҳ֪˶ãԼ˼

ķһЦͻ

ͣ£һһ߿΢Ц˿˰

һҴӭתݣڵЦˣСȥҼҽ

ʶԼЦ֡

˵˵ǿɲǣҼҽιء

ι˵ıԣɲġļƻǰˡ

ŷһǰһЦ룬롭ˣҼҽ֪ˣһϲ

һ΢ЦæԼȥҲһ

Ҳ˼æӦǣǡ

С԰ı

˵쵼£õشС԰

ճС԰һȴһܴĻ԰ʱǶ죬ľȻ㣬ɶů£԰Ȼ

̧ͷǰվپƸ߸Ĺɾǡ

һԼʮɾɢڻ԰УЩˣǵͱнˡ

Щ˵룬б齵һϮѪۡƻ۷Ѫһѻ·һ˵ۡ

ۣҲ޷ƿۡ

ʱһʼߵԱߣž˵һʲôѪɫһ䣬ͷоһǾˮ˳°½ʱֱоɻޱȻһǵϮ

æͷ˱ܣͬʱ˿Ľ䣬ؿڰ

úܿ죬Ļе¡Ҳ̫ˣʹеңеĪĲ

룬һˣﲻΪЦøõòӵԵʡ

ŷᲽǰȥ׼˵С磬ˡ΢ЦţԼǡ

æֹ

ʱѾеĺ˼롣ָֹˮķᲽȥ

һһͻȻһͱͰԱߵŮ飬е쿴Ǻˣŷ𡣡ǲϲǸз֮ɣ

СɢŮɣͬʱתͷ

һͬʱ

Ůǵ쳣˵ע⣬֪У԰еļʮˣˢˢ

ֻǸŷｿ˵ЦĹӣԼǹӵĿע⵽һĻ

һᣬһֹ˵Ǹ˳ƽӹϴ˰ɣ

Ļû˻ش

ʵϣЩ˻ڿŷĿлеƲ

һֱ𶼲˾ޣһ;̾ˡŶɫģνɫ߷ִ磬ʮ˲šڣɫ߷ִ磬ټһֺȣҲʮ˲ˡ

ǳɫ֯ͣɺ׶ɺͼīĽӳ¡¿ʵһ˵˵ңԶ·һӴ˵е꽭߳ɽˮһһ⾳һغƮԶ

ȫȾȣȫгŵĻѣʹŮŮһ˲Ĵһһأֽط绪

Уߵǰ

ӯӯһ΢Цģػϼöˮ档

ʱž峯ȥȻϤȻϤӰϷ΢Ц֪ôģһھˮȴǺʺ

һһһＱľˮҵؿ

īйأֳżסĿԣǶǰòæֹȥ־ٵϣȴôҲȥ

ʱҿԼµѹһ˦Żŵƿǹӣŷʵôˣ

˿̵Ϻ̴棬Ǿĭڡ

𾲾ؿĴߣ֪ôģоĿ⣬һ飬һĨĨȥǾĭ״

Ȼǰץŷֱ۳Լһϡ

һȥһ˵λԱ㡣

ŷȥӰ»һƬž

ͷĴţΣɻǵһοз֮ĿҲǵһοദ

һıӰɫɷסһᣬһɾ˵շ֪Բ顣

ƵƵͷȷʵǴԲ飬ץǸ˵ĶȥıӰҪ˵û˽飬Ƕ޿ܰ



114 ᵽĸȥ



ŷ𣬼Ҵҵ԰Ŀͷһȥ㼱һŰѷ߽Ȼתͷ

ٴζϷ𾲾͵˫ۡ

񣬰Ӧģﲻ֪ôģǾòڡ

ŷ𣬷΢еʵôˣ

˿̣ɴ׷䣬īϣϣ״ϣֱôƬֱ̣ãǰ꣬ʵ˼

˫Ҫ˵ȴ֪ôҧס˴иǴһ˵ĵ¡

ʵڲǷϰߣһ˵±һô

еĲã֣ļϣȻƣһСııϡ

ҲȷӦĵһǰѷǿа˻С

һ뻳Ǳ㲻Ծ˫ֽ°ͷͷϣ˵ҽս͵ȻԼеգӲĽ˰Σִ˵㣬ڿÿ

һ仰أˮƣӡĶͷϣֵ͵µҿ滶ϲ

ڹ컯֮±ӵĿƵƬ̣徻ûע⣮һһۣ͵˵ſҡ

Ȼʱһһ仰أȴ§øˡ

̾һ͵˵ҳˣ

һſͷţ˵ȥ

̧ͷߵͬڸ⣬һҵҽڳҲѯʣͬʱ֡Һ׼еŮңѱȥ

ƿڷ˵Ĺ֮һƵƵǰԸÿˣᵽԺҡҿҵݣǽҲţҲ뱱Ժ⧲֮ʱ֡

ڴļƻֻҪ䲻⣬ֻҪܳɹ͹ˡʲôڣ϶Բԣ⡣ɹ֮󣬱»᲻𷣣᲻ᱨҲôϡ

Ϊùû˻Ϊһʧȥֵĸˣȥ

˵׼澣פ򶼿ʱұ빬¡

ͷеɬҲеĮ˵֪Ա˵ϾôдзҲ˽ǡ

תͷ˵סĸУ֮ǰĻ֮£

⻰ʵʵ̫ϣǺεȹִˣû뵽һ죬׿˵סĸ

һʱ֮䣬ߵķŭѸٵظѹȥŵؿŷ΢죬ֻޱߵϲøͷ֪ô˵ˡ

˵⻰ʱֻǴ㣬˿̶ԽķǷĻϲĹâײڵһ졣

һᣬŴӼѹƵ˵ַʽ¿ߣ

Ȼ³ĻƽͣţԴԸһƲɱػһƣҷʤ򣬾룬δرûлԸ˼룬汻ˣ㷢ˣ֮ŭŭǸ۰Ĵյ乬²ܴ˱˵°ʤŮ¶ɽת̾壬ǧŲơ浽ʱԴ

Ļû˵Ϊ˵֪ﲻǸµˡֻǸֻҪô򵥵һ֣԰Լѳ³ڵߵ㣬һνľνĵʲôҰģűͷϡ

䣬ܶ¹أʱףȻ壬ȴǲһһܺ˽ˣнᱻԼġȻҲǣôҲιİǣֻ˾˽ɽʱʧȥ˵ֿãʣµҲֻǿרᣬɱСֹһߵ·

뵽΢΢һЦԿٻᱻ̼ģĪڽץסֻҪŪ˴ĶӣƽޣҲҲ

ʱʱһжͬ

ʱƵУ



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˵ôɴ࣬ôĮ

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Ŀ⣬ķеŷ𣬵͵͵ʵûô

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ڣ︺˫֣ͷɴ⣬Ѫɫ΢ɬ⣬˵㱳з֮ţûбû㲻סҵĸڡһӵҵļô

˵ʱתͷض

Ĵ˶ֶ˶ȴԼԶԡ

Ѱ˼࣬ûһġһ˵ĸˣǲֳ֮òҪǣ֪Ǻεʱĳĳ࣬ô

õĽ֣Īı£һ˵ӡԼŽĿܻǣȤʱ檣ɷһҡլҲʲôݣˣɹˣҲȥҰС

ԿһѺľеѪ֪Լ᲻һ˸룬ϲģϲʵ͹ˣһỶϲ˺󹬣ҲֻᵭЦʱ˦һ˦䣬ƮȻȥ

뵽һ

ڷĬʱתͷһ˲˲ض

ãû̧ͷ

ģɫԽԽ䣬ģԽԽģеЦݣеĻϲ

ֱã÷УԸ

ڵһ̧ͷ

ȴٿһ˦ֱͦɺһȻȥҽ飬ǲʣҶӭǵõʱѣ

һ䣬ѿ˷šҲ֪ǺŭʲôһֱǷš顱һУȻҡ

ĿȥӰþöû̧ͷ

Ҳ֪˶ãͷ뿪ķ˸͵˵л㣡

ˣŭУҲΪ룬ԣ飬ԣҪš

ʵǲϢģһһֱķʽŰ

֪Ϊʲôеɬͷȥ÷紵ȥеɬ⡣

ˣΪġ

ûʱĸڲУеڱĸƽȥĸĸ״ûۿһΡ޸ԿҲȫȫΪ㡣

ܶܶˣû˻ģ˲᲻ʹʱ᲻Ầ£һҹҹʱǲп࣬û˻Ļ⡣



115 ҹ



վڿͷУͷؿɴ⣬Ҳ֪˶ãȥ۽ǵˮ

ΪԼѾҪˡˣ˷ǣ˳ӵ뿪ԼߣչʷҲװ첻ʶ

ҲߣǴδΰվѵԼѲյԼɣҪװҪûκιϸûκȥֱﵽĿġ

ǣȡ

߳ƿţ׻λεͷϣ´ǳЦ

ԱߵĻ԰УЦ˵ѾС࣬벻룬һˣĴ´Ӳų

ʻԸԺ

һʵǻû

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˵ͷᲽǰȥ

ھķʱŲ˶٣ȴûڡ

ǰᵽԺһɹⶬյ̫һ߱Ŀ񣺽ϤĽȻͬúúѰ˼Ѱ˼

Ҳ֪˶ãȻ󣬼ߵ󣬵˵ ˣǻˡ

ͷûվ𣬡 £

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һĬһ˵ ²ּ⴫ һ ˣŮǰչ˷ˡ

Ȼϡ

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һĸף˵ ֪ˣй°Űɡ

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ڻɢȥ

۾ķظоĸ澻ƵƵԼۣҲ֪ЩǺǿҵĲҲǣһССƷٸضԴ˵ģ

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ùͺߵϼɢȥѾˣ֮գһӨ׵Բؼﶹ⣬˵ĸͰ

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ǰ˫ְڷСϣ˵ Ҷ⣬ûб

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΢΢һЦ ˣͲСҲҪѡˡһãĻġ ˵ؿԿһŵԵú㡣

Цøˣʵ ΰô һأԿ˽

س˫֣壬һڡͷžˮ£ʱɢʱ۵¹⣬ЩˣԶҲ䡣

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˵һ뷨Ȱ£㽵ΪƽޣȻҵޡ޷Է˵ģƽޣҶҲ䣬ҷĵģ㹲ٻģЩԶáƽޣеһҲ١

úԿһҧ˵ αػ˵Ļ첻˵𣿴ǼңҲֻΪƽޡұȢ˴Ҳҵޣ棡

룬仰һǰġֻܼ˵ֻﾡǸģȫػصߡԺΣʵΣʱûѡҲֻܽˡ

ΣһҪ˵ǱŮ˶ߣҲһҪ£ҿ˵ͻӦˡ

ʵһֱ׵ģֻܵһӦô˵Ľ檣δԶֻԶһɵӣúܣɲ˵Ը񡣿ǣδ̫пᣬôҲһǣ

ʱ̧

ؿԿǳ۲ɫתЦЦġ

̫ԿԾģͷ˿

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Կವ̧ͷ

ʱ۽ڲŴ˼ӰǰģһĸߴŮӣ·Ǵģ

ֻһۣ˻Ľëȣ˵ ֱڻңԵѾѶϣ

 , һ죬ȴԿһƲȣϥǱײ˼

̷ֻס̧ͷʱеɢ̧ͷԿ˻Ƶؽе ô ű ô˵Ļ ̫ң˵㱻ˮǺס²ͷסĿԡ

һһ˻Уûͷؿűеľˮе¹⡣

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ѵһ治ܻصǰ

û֪ǰһʱ֪Ѹʱô˵ġֻǣֻš , š ҹˣΪ۷أ 뵽⴦ϰԵػͷ ˵ΪΣ ʱᶸȻǸˣǸδԶڣδԶΪ׼һУδԶĸˣȻˡ

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ģҲģµıͻȻңǵء

·𣬴Ӵ˺ԶֻһˣӴ˺ҲôһɵŮˣΪ룬ϧȫȫذΪһС

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õһУΪʲôͼȣ

һҹҹߺֻʱģãͻɾġ

ǣȻ޷ǡ»飬ӵŽ޳빬ǣʱҲӲȥǿ̹ǵ䡣

ڣ̲סˣŸ˷ĵطȥʱ룬ϾΪԼһ֮ذɡΪ֮ҲûУŲԼԼðġ

Ҳû뵽ҲݶѣǸõʬʱ˵ʹ࡭ʹ࣬޹ǣ

Կļȣƽ͵˴ۣУ˻ξ壬վ

վ𣬶¹£еǱҲеʹԿ˵㵱治֪𣿡

Կ̧ͷʱ΢Цţƽľ˵ ʲôˣôܻﹲһ򣿷Ӧ֪ѡǷſǣ һ䣬վڲŴǺӰȻһΣ

Կ̾һ˵ ֮𣬶һȢ޵ˣֺαطŲأ ⻰һڲŴվǰɫ

ҹƮ ңԵѾ

˵תһڡ

ҪߣԿڵվץֲץһ룬һͣӲɬػ 󣬴

תͷ

ڲŴŮһ˽

תۼ䣬Ů˷ǰ

°Ͱø߸ߵĴͬ˿̵ɫɷһƬĿ⾪ɲؿԿֿܾһУžͰѷжд̵ңھȻؿ

 ϣ ÷ջĿ⡣

ŷ𣬴°̧ø߸ߵģ˵ ⸾˲֪߳ܣҵҸ״һЩѵġ ˶٣˵ Բ˵ĻͷŹ㣡

˵գתͷԿ

ԿҧҧҪȴֻѹػ ߡ ܵԿߣֱ۰ϰس߳߳ʱƽƺ޵ԿСĵͬʱ

ˣûпüˡ

ˣ˵ˣ ʲôˣôܻﹲһ򣿡 ͸Ƿſ, ĻѹûнͰ䣬ǿķҲ

ҡţɫ·üۣԼԼ˵ģġޣҲޣȻ޷̷˵Ĵˡֻ檣ĸɷ檵ģĻǣ

룬ɲ֪ôģ޷ֹޱߵʹͲ

Ҳˣ⼸죬ÿÿǿУޱȣҲֵһ񡣴˿˷ĻҲǿյһƬ

ʱǿģϸ˵ Ժ֮ˣ˴ۣλǻǸϽϰɡ

˵գת޷߻ء

߳岽΢Ƶ ˣ  ޸

ѲɣĴң

˵ͷ϶˵ һᣬҿˡ ˵գת޷

ڷŹϵһ̣΢ЦҲǸǵģֻǲ֪Ĵҵ᲻ʹЩõֶԸ



116 ֪ӰȾİ



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̫һԭɫͷתףԭźĳůչȡ

ģһŲ

ûͷҲóĽŲ﷢ġ

Ȼﳯ˸͵͵ػˣ

ûлͷҲûᡣ

ҧŴűԼƮӰ룬ֵ͵˵ˣǰЩʱգﲻǡһĵǣȴ峺ȴϡ

ÿı飬Ҳ֪ˡЦЦ

ȷ𿪿ڣҧŴһҹĩ߶ԵеƣǸȵģ棬ѷ˵ˡ˵ȥָֻ˸˵ˣˡ

عͷؿʵڸ˵ЩʲôҪأ

ţ˫ؿŷ˵ǰûбҪˡԺˣǷˣԷˣ׿ڶԷ˵ʲôˣѶˡ

ǰ͸ƣ͸ŵķ1ﰵ˴ԷʱֻҲ޲᲻ɣ

ԭˣģһֱǲͬġǿصģͷſˣͷˡ

ķˣĽģǣĴ˷ڷУһŮһѻ鸾ˣĸļҲڴʱʱķ⣬ܻͷˡܻͷˣֻȥˡ

ͷҧŴʵˣ˵ģģϾͻ޸Ϊˣġ,һ䵭ȴʮĿ϶

ӻ˻Ρͷˣɤӣʵˣ治ô

⻰һ𵭵һЦڵ⻰αң

ǰαмģģѵʵ

ҧĶˣ֪УĴ߳Ѫ˿Ƿ˹󣬻᲻ᣬ᲻ǣ

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ԭ檶ԼʲôʱҲ룿˼ҹݾݣϾ͸ϣѲɣ˺͹ޣ

֪£ԭǿҵԿİʵģʲôãԿԵģùԭӣˣһңʲô

Ѱ˼Ѱ˼ȥֻֽǷע⵽ھУ˫УһĨ

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Ȼһ󼱴ٵȴԿġ

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Կߡ

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Ժ˫˻һһ

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117 ڹһ



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Ķŷ𣬴غȵȥ⸾ƣ

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۾΢Уǹ澽һȵˣ

ȽеģȻ

оǳţתͷȥԭǰȴľͷģ

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תۼ䣬վ˷ࡣ

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ǰվסתͷһ۴һԿӯӯһ˵ʱˣλˡ˵գҲǿڣ̤˷С

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оԿȣоԼֱ۷ʱʱصƣķɿ죬һϲƬϼ

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˵ǻʼŮ붼͸֮ƽԿߵýɱ˴֮䣬ǺעִġǰԿδһֱûף㲻׽ʶУĸľ棬Ҳʲô

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ԿƱˮؿŴƵ˵һ

áԣ˵ƱͷһԿռƣ΢ζȴǼãһüЦ˵þơָԼϡ

һṦ¶ǣԿҲһһԼҲͷһ

һӲһȴӿּ֪յĴۿԿĿҲǺϷģ£˵ĺÿǻϲҪˮ

ʱԿվ

ӱ§֪ΪʲôͻȻã̵þˣȶֱ̹ļ

ﾭַ̣һƻŮǱϲ§ţʱ¸һȣ˫ϥһֱС

һ˫ֵĴֱϢĳ鿪ʵʵȵļ

½һץ˫һƵĶ֪ôģ§ҪڵĿܣҲ ˡ

Կͷһϲͬ鷿ȥ Ѵһţ

ڽʱͬʱסѿڶʹʱԿľȻǣǾƻ治ôãչ۷磡

һܶû˯š

Կظû˯ţĿŴԿ鷿ȴһֱһֱûг

̴ҵĸҲʧɫǿʼûеһ£ɵǸоԿ̫ʱȻ洫Ůõ֮£һߵƮ෿ȻָһȻţģɲԼҹǸԹˣ

һ£ĸȫڵأֱãҲ֪Ǻã

ͬҲֱ˯ţԿʱض۵ףܺ棬Կ᲻ҹ֡

תۣһȥˣµһˡ



118 ù崦



ظ֣ˡ

ԸģһϮѣͷҲӷƩ

߳ʱ澸ʱĸУһ澷ȻǹǸģƯҲȻķУʱʱػᷢһѹ͵ʹ鶫Իװû

һһԸ˵ܹ˷˳˳ãӦˡһһ䷹ʲôˣǲǵԼݣǹôһ£ҲӦá

һϮۣɫ磬Ԯ߳ڲţԺȥ

ˣû߹ţû߹

ҪˣӦȥһôţҲλһĴԼĴɣ

УԺĹųڷǰ

ĽŲͣͣһᣬٴᲽ

빰ʱ۽ͣԺм˫һЦ

ʧߵر֣࣬ǸüĴҲƿϴһµͷ

ɨҶ˿һתͬʱˡ

ͷɲ齣



䣬鷿㴫һ

еңһԺȴͬʱü֨ѽȴüͷȥȻ߳Ůˡ

˲ٰ

Щ檣һ۱㿴װķɫؽһкˡˡˣ

ǵ׺ã˫֣΢΢һЦţǰҷҪ⣬ҿɺһ

޳Ӻݣһۣӹ͸һϸĻȻĿŮԣȴȻһ湫

رǴ˿ô˫֣ôһЦͻȻһָоӣʵʵԼȥˡ

鷿еĵԽԽ죬ԽԽˡ

ͻȻģһŮе߰𣬡У͸ȥǴС

͵ţ㻹ôֲǲ֪µ̬ȣǲûаյ£һҪΥһõʱ

Ҳʲô£䣬ְ

һӣȫȻ󣬷֨ѽһ˿Կųţڼ͵ĳӵ£߳˷š

ţͬʱ˷

˿̵ķ˫֣ǣһȻŶȽȽ̫

о˵һֹعͷЦԿʹȭһҾ£ɾ

Ŀɿڴתڻعе⸾ˣ磿

ûͨԿȴˣֱֱضŷ˵ʲôպݺݳ鴤˼£ǷŴ֣ؼ

Ӵһһ

ʹһعͷԿеʲôֻһۣԿɫ˼ʼ֮Ĵ𣬲ɼ˵ô᲻ð

˲Ҳ˲ضԿ

Կ໥⣬Կ룬ȻռǿȴҲţܻءڲһˣʧԴûм޹߸ϵĹ˵δԿǷԼôţҲöԼǰãӦð˳

İţԿнţҲǿѹȥعͷŴһЦݣ˵ôأ

һתͷɰ׷𣬽еʲô;˵ɣвŮŮģûĿĶ¡

ԣȴһɹ

תԿ˵ǰȴɾλǵġ

ȻΪ˴£ԿɫವһˡϷϵЦݣһϮīѣͻȻ䣬һԶʧȥĻ֣̿һִûйĶʺ޺գһԶӿͷ

ǿңؿڶѵֻг

ܣܡ

֪УԿͻȻ֣һӿʺ

ʱ

峺ˮյӣһת΢䣬һĨ⣬ӺţԿԳЦݡ

ЦһԿֱǹǻһӿҺʱѾһʣȻĻֻ»ᵱһѪ

۾һֱڷϣϡ

֪ôģյķ˷Ĵۡˣˡǰ˼ʱȻҲЦţУ̣ôһأЦ泩ã

ޣѲΪԼ˸֦

뵽ЦӴԭǸšǱҪϲ˴Ӵϸ֦ûûݣвŮŮƨɵСӵˣ

̶

ûؼܵ𣬱һＸˣɫҲ΢䡣

Ȼ΢Цš

ͷŴִһҾģ̻ػصӣȥɷ°ˡ˵һԸķˣ˵죬ֻˡ

˵̧ͷᣬؿŴЦʱ빫ǽˡ

һ䣬е˭ǽã

Žеۣ棬ԭ׼޸Ҽҷ

һҭ

ôػʱЦЦϸ˵Ȼǽ֦ҶˣȻΣҪġԸţ˵ǿЩҲ㳿趨ʡɼ񣬻һˣǲٵġ

ɴİۣҲſˡ

ܣ˷ϵĻ֮ǣͬʱͷЦ壬ǲǴֶɱֹϡʵˣҲˡ

ֱ˵ˣǲ׹ǰ˲ôޣҪ޹ֻƽ֮벻⸮еݣڷ֮أ

ʱشУȻҪԸţԺ˵£עЩЩ˵Ķ񶾻Ͳ˵ˡⶼֻô󣬴ȥ˲ãڷҲġ

ȻϲĽѵԼ

ɫһ࣬ſڱе˭ҪԸš仰ûųڣ뵽ˣԼԿˡţҲ룬Ҳ룡

תۣ⣬øּ㣡ǣͷ뵽ϴθھԼԿʱǱ

鰮УԹ˵ĴͻȻ뵽µͻȻ뵽µľ棬һܣһѵ뵽һʵϲȣ϶ϲӦԿ˷ģԼҪţֻƽ޵ݣ

Լֻƽ޵ݽţ

ʵû˿ô

ڴθзеʱƮĶУⶼֻô󣬴ȥ˲á

ǣȥ

ˣˣԼһƽ֮޸һƷٶ

ԼӴ˺󣬾Ҫһʰ

ЩŮǻôǵ˻ô

һ뵽ڵļЦһ뵽ЩֻԼ󣬶Լͽĵͬ飬Ӵ˺ӲмؿԼ񣬴ٴμܴһ

һ˲ɫתף˫׺İۣһγһĨãȻ;š

һϯ˵꣬ؿɫ԰ףһɢּԿɫǣһߵǣѪЦЦ

ջĿ⣬ˮ˵ɾౣأȥˡ˵գһ˦һתʩʩȻȥ



119 



澣𳯱Ժ߻ء

ոյִﱱԺֻһҵĽŲûţļ˵ĶĤɱɱ

˻УЩ⡣

˫һУˡ

΢΢һЦת㸺ֶؿżĴԿԸ檣дĻŮǣ

֧ƺƴĶԽԽŴļ̶𲻾ţһ

ڴԺĲʱ𰲾ģŵ飬ס

ģȻǼĻ

һΣԥ

ʹĿбӣҲ·֪ԥԸ֣ϴŵЦ˵ ּ䲻ΣȻҷˣʵʵһĻţⶼУѲ֪ж˹עšλңɹңҲ˵Ǳ£ֻҲò¼Դ԰֮ģ

£˵֮٣ǿҪΪĻʱϰ𣬱㲻ǰ죬ǰǸδɱˣڣκˣ¶޷޷˽κ£һʧĿ֮ڶΣǹˣ£ڴһʱͣӵڶ˺ô˵޷֮ӣ

Ҳǰ鷢󣬷ԥҵִŪ˾֪ԭ

һϯ³ڻɫ΢䡣

ЩˣܹܷȻ˾Ȩ⣬˿̷Ļ˵ôֻһתۣǱͬʱվ

ǣڴسʱˢˢվ˳˷ǰֹǣǼ澣˿Ҳڷҡ

ȻվֱһɲסΡ

ŭصŻǣȵ ûУ

Ҳ

ŭˣһ÷ϣһᣬе ǺôĹҪиʿǵԴ

ǻ̤һȵصڷǰŴ˵ £ҵǱ˵ģлú˵

ʲô˵˻е ˣȥǼ

ȽеģԸĻ

£ĸ˳

ߵŲɲ˵ĿҲе˸

ǰһʰԲ֮ưѷεػм䡣ǵ֣ͬʱ佣ʣ

ԼֻˣԷĻʲôģڣһͣ½ŲתͷŴȭ˵ Ǳ¿֮ˣǲǡ

˵ȥе ٷϻǿǼȻĻҰǵƤ

˻

ĸһ໥һۣһȭ˵ ²Ըʵҵܡ ǿ ˶ࡣ

ˣİۺ򼸸˱ܿԼĿ⣬ȻǴ⣬ֺޣ

ݺݵŷ𣬴ͻȻ뵽Կڵһתͷ

Կɫӵؿŷ𣬱ԥһòҪҪȰ׵ģ

˿̣ϴ׺¶Ŀ⣬ʶüͷһתۣסµĲ졣

ߵߣԿ˵ ţ²ס

ȴԿһ۷𣬷ɿصͷŴ˵ ϾҪΪĻˣʱʲôʧֻ»ֵǰ

˵Ц ᲻ðɣ㣬ҸʲŲأǰĹūŸҸʸҸʲһҲ⻰һԿһʱһƶְУİ

ಣʮͬʱתͷ

Ƕһֱ룬ոͣȵ˿̣һꡣ

꣬

˿̣յȴǶʮͬӢߴľʿ˱Ժ

ЩһԺ䣬ͬʱͬʱᲽڵվ

ȻֻǶʮˣЩսѪƴɱĹ߽ϣһɷվ˸оһ״ĸȸУ

ҳһŵԺ䣬ʮһ֣Ȼɱ

ˣ

ʲôҲˡ

°ޣһĸ͵ͺȵ£

ǡ

æȥ

ʱµ˹ĽֿڣȻ󣬲ŵ

һʻʻͣÿҲ֪ǸԼ׼Ŀ

£һ۵꣬˵Ŀ˵ĸ߹ָ߹ȶȥ١

֪УﴽһЦ

ЦݣĮбķҲԵ΢СֻתۣǻûЦݱһ䡣

Ŀӷƿ

ģŵģĽŲ΢ƣ˴

ǳԹĿģ˿̿Լɫһף˳һ

ˣﱡһ

˹ıƽģվ˴ǰ

ʱ޿˵ĴѲòվסĸֻһǰǲ֪ΪʲôѪɫӣǺ¡

ڣһ¸ҵ̧ͷӭʵ㣬ʲôʵģɲ֪Ϊʲôһڱе

ʲô

һ˹һžһһ,һŴϣһ֮Ķ⣡

Ķɴ䣬ϵõԷһʱ֣ٴγŴĹһȣ

žһһ,һһ֮ĶĴոȣ˲㵽ʱֱˡҲкôһˤڵӲǱˣ

εǡž,ž,һգһƬ

ʱĻӦ

ǾһͬʱְʣŲǳȥǿһʱֻáһһ,һΪ༫Ϊ壬޾ɱĳ뻮һش

ȴվʮģǶʮʿͬʱ˳

ǰγ˳

Ǻޱģ۾Լ

ĸŲһ綶Ҳǰ벽

ˣһֱڴңƽҪ£۸һҫеس䳡档ɱ¾ֻһ³ȴ˵

ĸҽҲңһʱ֮䣬棬ǰ˼㡣

һҡҡλֱֹĴһ۷𣬵˵

ֻǶ֣ȴ˼£һЦӻͳݸ

ù˹İѱ˴øɾ

Ȼתͷ𣬡ʰãˡ

120 뿪Ը



һػصպˡ

߰ɡһתߡ

תͷȥŻʵ̺ĻŮ͹£һһһۺһϸ˵ȥˣ˴λһ

Ժдʹ͵ĶǮǴˣڲֿҲ̫ۣǲᶯ

˵ˣʣҲﱼǰʱĻ֮¡ﻰ⣬û˵ȥ˾ͲٻˣԺ䣬ֻøš

˵ˢˢһͬʱص˷ġеԥʱǷ̷˵ġһηǰȥ£ûнӵµκּ⣬ˣǴ˿Ϊʵ֪ҪҪȥ͹»ЩΪԥ֪ǺõģǼ澡

˵ͷĿ΢΢ӹڴʱ˸ķ䣬󿪣ڴߣؿϷĿ⣬һĨӣѸٵػһĨӹ󣬲ûбֱܿӡ

𶹶һۣƿ

üǡЩˣ⣬ףʵǼ̵ġ

Щ檣ϷĿ⣬ͬʱ¶һĨӵģ˵Ǳʲôζ顣

ζȻӣϸϸƷζȴǱϲζѡǰʱ֣֮һദǱ㷢֣ˣʵ㲻ȥ͵㲻ڡʣ¡Ĵڣе㱡

˾ʹôŵ㣬ǣһ뵽˵Լǰ棬Լ˻ýзˣֲʦţҲȡ֮رԸ񣬸ǾĴڣȫ԰ȥ

أԿ˴ۿԸ֮ƲɵҪɹǰͻȻ֣ǰʵһҪȥķˣǼദˡ

ûоȽϣ㲻֪û·ߵľܾǰ⡣

еԼڲȥĻ֣̿һջĿ⡣

ͣŴȥ

ֱҪߣҲԼһۣԿǷŭתۣȴ˵Ŀյ·ʲôҪĶҪԼʧ

һ̲ס

еҲеƣ

ûлͷ׸߸Ĵʱŭػͷ

Կûпֱؿڱʲôһ飬ģˣûƵġ

£ϼֽе

һΣȻûлش𣬵ԵԻعͷ

Ѫ

Կɾһֱۣȫ䣬֣㽩ڿС

תۣݺݵǷݿ־壬ֳȥһ

֪СһЩ

𻹲ͷмſ־Ĵڽһ·Ĺ澡ǹ鲻Խطһкػɣ˵ؽе

ԿŲһͣ˽Ų

ûע⵽һĻ߽߶ʱǸ߳ԦҲʻУװ˷ƵѷճƷԼΡЩ׾ףɻװһ϶ûˡ

ɨԿһۣת𡣼˵ɡ

˵ģ ΪõĿǿһģѣһһĴɷһĸš

Ӧһ

ڷ׼ʱĸĹǷӦˣǼǰػˣң

ôʱʱô

ûлش

ڣһԵĮؿ˿ڣء



ܾٴǰһͬʱһ˵ǽҵȷ̹ˣ

˵꣬ȵٷϻףһʱ˵УŮ

˵ߣ

ǣʮʿͬʱӦŵʱףֱЩܹ˵ˣˢˢ˳벽

˻ûлعȻ

ʮʿʻ˱Ժš

ЩȥԶĵȺɫԽԽԽԽ һ࣬һѹ˵Ǳˣ

ԿɫϽӣᲽҪ׷ϣȴǲңҲܡ

վں󷽽䴦üǣʱҲоյġȻʧСﳯһۣһۣĿУһĨâ

ڴߣһ۵׵ĸͷ׵˫֣ؽʶš

һֵڲ֪Уѽ

ڻ㱼䣬ͳʮգұᵽ߹ȥ

ʮգֻжʮգ

Ѹٵ̧ͷ

ڵͶشŮˣԸ㲻صĴ㣡Ǹø㡣

ġһ֪ģطҪأҲôҲûоͻˡ

һᣬ˵ȻˣʮգҰɣѰѰᣬҲܰ߹ȥ

һΣûп

̧ͷ

ﲻ֪ȴ֪ԼģΪˣܶ¶еĹ켣УҪԼлġ

ֻǣҪʮУѰһԼĻᡣ︰ǰߣû

˼һ󣬷ʵǴƣ᲻£

һ䣬һЦĮĮ˵Ŷ֮ˣһƣʲô˶٣˵ͷҲ޳ܣ֪ҵŮˣȴøҲϴǸӵ 

˵ҵŮˡڵһ졣⻰ǰǾ˵ҲǰסԸ˳Կķˡ⻰˵Ҳ˵ˡ

£ԼĸˣҪǡǺã

תۼ䣬һö˶˵ģڷŭô䵣вɡ

뵽뵽˫İУԼ¶ǿҵ񣬷üͷ

һ˽

ߵȻǲţһţһȻҲ

ǰԸ嶯ԣһýĵӣϴδսʤԱƽ׽Щ

һˣԸ񲻱䣬Ҳеǰ̽áοѱºͶˣˣУ

Ҳһ

һţжʮ˫Ŀ⿴ͬǣǵ۾Լͬؿ



121 ̫侲



Ŀ⡣ͬʱһϮۡٲȻ湫ӵķ

ûпЩĿ⣬ಽظˣǿ󣬲ߵԶѪһĿڳٳɫҲѱע⵽𲢲ʧɫкӺŵʣˮһڣߵʲôǰȲԵͱˣҲʧɫ

оͶԼĿ⣬ͦñֱüĿ΢ظ󣬻޶áȻ˵ǵĮʹЩĿˡ

㣬ŷԺ䡣ںԱߵһָǷˣӴ˺ǵӡºͺ͵˵һ˵ԺİΣȵİΣһ˿˭ϣȱУף

־ɱ¾ˣôһȣǴʧɫͨͨʮ˹һأӦǣǡ

ʱ˵ˡ˵һ˿Ҫɱͣ⻰ʵ˵ˡ

ﵭһ֪飿㲻̫˵գתͷ

ŷ𣬺һᣬؽҵԺ˲Զκ£͡

һ΢Цǡ

˵ͷ߽͵˵ǰȫģԷЩ

̧ͷ

УﵭһЦ绨ӳ£ʱеüӿϤգңʥʱҲˡ

һ

һۣתȥȷʵʱ䲻ࡣ

ԦԺټǣºͺ͵ѵһͨ󣬷ϵ鷿ʼϤ߹¡

һʱת۱ȥˡ

ڶһ磬һϮ۵ķ𣬱࣬ʹ

佫ʱ٣ȻҲս£佫ĵλĹ١ң۹Ůˣǻ

ΧԽԽŮѹѹɴñͷ𡣼Ҳһȥ΢΢ƵʵԸ£ķԸڡ

ĬһᣬŵصһֱתͷĿеãȴӲţһ졣ո˵һ

תͷȥ

ȴǼʻ˳ʻҲͰˣƫƫ棬һ˵ھ͸˵Сɴ˶ȴǴ

û뵽Ҳ΢΢һ䡣

ºԿ˵˻ԴɳƣţҸ˵ˣǸҶ꣬üֻҵĹ⣬ʱǣʵİ

ȻԵģ㲻ҪˣǰӴӦҵĻ˵ʮ㣬г˲ʱΧѹȥ

о氲ЩԿּţС㣡СȴʵʵŲơ

·Ǹһ£Ҳܣø˵һᣬԿתΪŰڵʲôأѲҡµĺӣʱҲǽĸף,ֻҪһ£Ͼ͸ˣ˵Կǲϻ°ѳһƣԦ򣬡ôһЩ

һ䣬еķ˲ʱԿһ

о㶵ģְѳһеôͷһ̽Ҳ˷

˿̵ķ𣬱ֱһƥߴĿϣƮ˵ġʵ˳ȥΪһɷ

һԹ֮Ȼݺݵظһۺ󣬲ŷַԱߣǸɴñĳĺӣ

һʶͷ,ǸոճʺĺϽ˻ȥ

űԿôһߣԦ٣ôһṦ򣬼˷һ˵ࡣ

оԿʹԼĿ𵭵ջĿ⡣

ôһԿˣͬʱֱ˺һᡣԿŴҲҪ빬

ͷһۣ΢Цǰ´Եҡ˵˵ɾ빫Ҳ빬

ԿӦǡ

΢Цϸ˵Ϊ˻£

ԿٴΡһ

£ͺȣϣʲô㣬ⲻ˶ã,һ£뵽峿Ƿ档ŭ𣬱޷Ƶӿ

˵ֺݻʱǺʱʱسϼۣУҲĲһ

ûֿС£еǰ취Ը

ĴɷһСߴߴ᣿˵ϲʲô£ֱӸж

ڴУЦһ̣˹ټŭ١

𲻴𣬴ҧһ,Ȼ䣬һǲ,

ȵʻʹ

һᣬȻԿȻͬʱ빬ڵݵλԶԿһ빬ţǱͬˣϾҪֱˡ

һĴԿʱʱؿĶƵȻȫ鲻Խģ

°ޡʱƮȻʱټѾҪ񣬻ҽˡ

ֻ壡

ڴڵ̧ͷʱڴҲֻˡ˭дԶ˸Ȣأһһವһ£Կ㵵תͷŵؿʶ˵Ļ

ڵһ£һǵдϣԵֳеĳޣոԳʱЦЦسһϸ£ǹءطʹӣǻἤŭµġ

һ³ɹôڵء

ʱֵ빬ˣһߣͷҲصظȥ԰ǣ޵òѪĴԭء



оĿѪɫ΢УЦô

һЦ˹˵ˣǸӰֹЩˣʱӵʹҲˡҪʱôô̫侲أ˶٣̫̫侲Ĺ£һ㱿Լɾа취ñºͻʺ֮ĵİ

һ仰³һЦթŮˣ

ָ𣬷ȴȻһЦΪׯһЦȴĵʢ˵ġ

ɿȥ

ֱһᣬѹһȥ޵ĺΣŮˡ

ȴ֣Լʲô˲õ¡ˣҲᣬĥ

ʹѾԽԽ

ʹǰǼһȾͱ߹һټ¡

շƣȵº󣬲ǴԿ



122 ŭĴ



ʻ˹ţĴŴȵϣ

ûԦͷСĵ˵ǹ⣬߲ǵǰһЩһͿԿ佫

սʱڣȻǹݣˣ빬Ӧԣһ㶼ڽĳ档˵һĵĹء

ԣȻߵļԦȴԽ佫Գ빬ȥ

˲ʱϵķˣеôʲô㲻ȥ

һΧ˷׷׿ԦǿһţôҲ

ŭСܹ裿οģƽزмһ˵ķˣ˺Ǽӱġ

Ԧ򲻶ҧݸ죬̲סһ죬ޡ

ֿʱԿ˹Ѹٵ§

ŴԿŭ˵ţҪʲô۽Ǽ佫Ӷͷﲻм°޵ˣƢҲϣҺڻֻм佫ڳǴ֮ͥ£ҵҲһˣ

֪ƽؿеͿʵǸԲܺŪˡ빬ԣϣǰҷˣضڱǰֲ˺ȥ

οʲôӣô͹ҲûУ

ţԿɫرѿˡ

죬ѿɫʱг֡

ţΣԼ࣬ΪԼıߣټϴһ˳

ǣڷˣֹϵԿͻȻ䣬һеĲͬˡԥʱû˿ˡǹݣúܣϲǻּȿ̱ԵԸ񣬼ֱһһʱʱƵڻ¯Ͽ

Ĵһû⣬ɸͷ󣬿һȨ󣬶ƽĺڻʺ£óģΨ׺ᣬĴܸͰ

ڣ룬Ȣʤʱ

Կ֪Ҳպ󣬲ż˷ʱǧú㷽ġһĺôԶֹ⼸㡣ڷذıУܶ£ϰߵضȥ˼ȥáҲΪˣͽȻʧȥͽȻһȣŸо˵Ŀʹ

˷裬ƽʱû뵽ʱԿԼֲͷԼ

ڵһͷԿۿˡ

ҪԿæ³˳ְѴڻУ˵űҲǸ˼Ҳ֪˵ǺεҪ˵ôҪʱΪôС¾ͼŭ£ʵڲð

˵ͷڴĶͷǣޱȵ˵Ϊ˵ģҪҵİԶһġҪǱһŭ֮£ˣΪǻȥ

ôᣬ˵Ļôˣůůϲ֪Уŭһ롣

ԿĻУϸϸ˵˵öԣġ

Կ˵ͷ˵׾ͺáһҪǵãڼõһһʺͱ£㰧Ŀޣһ߿һ߲ͣĿͷǱºͻʺ谮ĴƽʱǸǿġֻҪôһޣǱίʱΪٿǵ£һܳɣ

ԿеĴûеͷҲûӦǡ

ûΪӦ˵Կڰˡ

Կһ̧ͷ档

ʱֵǵʻ빬š

ոʻ˵Ҫȥĸ󡣡ǶԦ˵ġ

Կһ䣬ֱӣָڳһ˺˺÷̡һ󣬴Ȼ˵ǸȻ˵ңҪĸԽ˵ԽŭʱתΪ

Կüͷһող˵ģԭ˶߷簡ȴ֪һ߳ҵŮٶᣬҲѹ·ŭ޵ġֻҪ³һת۾ͻڻ

ڣʮָ˺ųǲܲס̡ıʱеĲҪǸ¥Ҿȥǧ˯

ŵĴûгִ˿ԿɫԽԽѿûע⵽Կ˵ŭڷĿУվŮˡ˵ҪŮ˶ԺҾȥκ˵һ衣

ڷŭڼУôôǲǲҪˣĥȥСıҪĹ

ŭĶԦ˵һ룬٣ڻʹм

Կ״üͷţ

㲻Ҫ˵ȻͷԿеҾ֪᲻ǸҪΪ˵顣ҸԿûôõ£ҳڵһ죬ҲǸ˺ȥҪˣ

ǵͨ죬ǨŭԿһʱ

鲻ԽģԿüͷ

û뵽Ҫ˵ʲô飬ֻȰ侲һЩֻȰڼõ¡ڿӣԼ˵һٱҲǰ״ּ꣬Ϊǳ˰ίҪйʲôʲôαװֱЦһ䣡

˵ģҪ̬ҲҪΪʲôԼ˵Ļһת

ѲɣԼɷ򣬽ոһգͣģһһذȰ

뵽Կֻ÷֮

ҲǸеƢԵˣǰǷոһգһһذʱˣʱҲǨŭڲԵʹ

һ㣬һֱûʲôɷ˵ĺӣôһʲô

ǣֵˣֵ˼ֵȰοˡһʱ֮䣬Կֻо꣬ңַиıһ죡

˰ˣԼˣԼܼ˭ȥѣҲܲˡ

ԿĳĬУʺڵ޹ȥ

һһͣ£һȺףسԺ䡣

֣ڹһǻкѳ̨ס

ǹرյģֹʵĸڣ

վһ澣ػصʺء

ϻĸ䣡һᣬͷ

ǹ澾ôУϰ˲£ڱôһȣʱе㷢

ʱһӦʺ޹Сû䣬ȺףŻʺ޹ȥ

תۼ䣬嵽޹棬ԺĹ澣һᣬеĸǲ޹Уһ˼ҪôشʱͷĴһһţˣ㻰أ

ʱ޷дʺеţ˭дµģ

ʺˣ߳˵£ϲɫǶʱҲɴЦ˵Żʱ򣬻治ࡣ

ûע⵽ܵĹ澶ע⵽ˣԿҲע⵽ˡ

£ԿɫһпࣺǸ²ģУΨһϲģҲǻʺˡѲɳΨһĿɽҲҪˣ

֪֮£ʺѶԼгɼѲ޳ɴ޸Լˡ˵һӣʺԴҲûǰôϲˡ

£ԼǰͬѴ޵ݼ޸ԼԳɹڵã黹ûᣬʺȻˣ

ʺ󲻸ˣֻһҪϾڹô꣬еġ

ɽ첻ͬһ˳Ĵܵƽ衣޽֮ʱһҵˣֳԼķŭʱǲѰ˼̫ġ

£һ⣬еԭ氡˵գѷһƣ˽ȥһ߳壬һµ

µʺͽȻȥ

һ

޷УϣִʺԴȥ

һ䣬ǰһƶУصײ˳һ޷ţֻá֨ѽһżϣص̫ײ˴ıӣ

վ̨ϣŽյ޷ţһͣþ޷ع

һᣬۿͻȻһ졣

תͷԿ

弸ܵԿǰ˵ĸô˵һƣ

۽ǣʵĸǲҵˣ

֪

ԿĮصһ̧ۣͷʺ޹յĴţ뵽޹˽ܵĵطôҲ֪ߵغҴ

ţһߣһͷӿԺʧȥ˻ʺĳ谮мֵ

²ϲǲϲȨǿЩ飬Ҳǰ˵ǷǵĶࡣ˵һ󣬶ΪʺڳŹšʺҲϲˣͽ

ûע⵽ģʧɫҡ䣬˵ĸϲˣһǲȫʣô죿

ô죿ô֪ô죿

ֱ˺һᣬԿͻȻ뵽˷ӡͷ£

һ

һ׵ӣԿΪͷ뵱˵һ뵽ôôôԼ˵ôˣһ㲻

ŲԿҿһۣѹ˵ʺϴҪʹĿޣһֱ޵ԭΪֹ!

һ۽ǣʵ˵ΪʲôҪޣ

С

һ仰³ûԿػش𣬳ۿϵģǱһߣɫдϵԿ

ףôˣ

е㲻ʱ޷֨ѽһ򿪣һʮ߰Ĺ澣˵²ؿˣںܼûսӴ㣬㻹ǻȥɣ

˵Ҳȴ˵޷š

ǽյķţڴ䣬ԿͻȻֱֿۣȥ

߳ʮеҲߣңĸ

˵Կڵתҧгݵѹ˵Ҫѻʺ󳹵׵Ǿ°ɡ

˵գ͵ɿ䣬󲽳ȥ

ǣոճԺţǽŲһɲ

ģԿعͷ

ؿŴ뵽ûõģûõġѾûѡˣ

ǰΪıߵбµڴͻʺԼԼĿáڣЩûˣΨһеģ޴ģֻ´ĴɿֵĻһӣԶֻǸƷСˣ˵С֮λҲס

ҧҧӣԿᲽ

ǣ֣ѹΪ˵ǻȥɡ

ŭÿȥĿ죬Ūˡججظ˻ʺԺ䡣

˳ͣŴȥ

ţԿŲһɲľȻػعͷЦ˵ˣǱҪǣڻܻȥ

Ȼܻȥһᵽ£㲻뵽˷裬˵ʹޣֱһɨղŵĲ޵ĳ嶯˵Ǹ˱û˵أĸңҾȥҸȥҪɱ

Ȼ߿

һ仰أԿľȻصԼ˵֣Ҳ˵

´˴㵵ʵɾôˣ

Կ͵ıͷȥ

˺ôŲԼ˦ȥһƣ

ôĸˣֱڣûԼ

֪ǰҲһη˴ǹؼ죬˵ڹĻָֻģ

ֻûʶһʱһʱʱ򣬻ʺҲգҲգϣ鲻һֻ۱һֻۡ

أ죬Կ£Щٶȴ빬У˱ºͻʺĶС

ʧˡ

ѲٶϣΪɾҩ˵ǰ֮塣

ʱֻԼͬ

ϧԼҲֻǶ˸Լ

̣Կ˵ţ㲻ȥұ¡

Ϊʲô

ûΪʲôղѾûʺ󲻿ˣѲɣѱҲŭ

Կʲôʲô飿ˣ

ǡţˣڼõºòã㲻Ҫŷˣңǵ£òãԿǴûеĵؿŴҪ

һһðӦá

õĻشԿȴ޷ɣΪԶҲ֪᲻һת۾ԭα¶£˵ӦңҪǵã



ԿȴǲģֳŴϸϸһͨһűڵĹȥ

УѾʥ

ûٻ⼸һվš

һϮۣȴĿɷעĿеʮˣƵƵ

ЩУʮʱĺӡЩӣ޳Ƥ𪣬ϸϸȥǵϻŷۡŵǺѣҲԵñ뺷ˣ𼸺Ϊǽġ

˵ʱƳĻȨȦ۸£԰ΪУúõĻӣмλĿܡû뵽Щ˵ġ

ڷǴʱЩʱҲڴŷǻǵһڳµأôӺݵˣʱкøС

رǸվǰ棬ʮ꣬忡Ƥ꣬˲Ҳ˲ŷĿǣһᶢϸƣһֿʺһִΡ



123 Իʵ۵ָ



Ŀ̫ˣһۣϽջء

ʱ˳˳ˣæͷȥûӰ

ʱһ̫ڵʱʹ

һ䣬忡´ҡڵ˽ȥǽȥﻹûг

˿ֻ̣ʣ·վڵˡ

Ƭ̺󣬵һŲǽűеңеתͷȥ

һ˫ŭڼŷŭĿ⣡

ȻǴԿ

ˣ

ͬʱˣĿĴţ˿ɫ󣬷תͷӭԿĿ⡣

ˣˣʵ̫˽̫˽ˡ

ֻһۣϣ˷ŭ鸡ЩĲͻ̿֡

ѲɣղŴû׵£

ﴽӦˣǸûԵˣԼǷ϶嶯ЩʲôιƣӦ˻ʺĺǳ⣡

ϧȻڻʺ˴ˣԭΪԼǹŭ𣬻ڴʱ˿̱׼ģ

̫ϧ

ʱԿŵŵɵߵ˵Уվ˷ߡ

˿̣˶ڶŷرǴ˫۶Ҫ

һԿıܸӣղŴʧأԸǷģǣ̲סҪȥɡ

˴ŷ𣬴ҪڣԿǿסʱһŲ죬ȴʱʹ˳

ǳŷǸ忡һߣһ߶ŷϸۿҪʱŲһ١

Բͷ忡תͷųʵʲô֣

̧

ӭȵĿ⣬˫˵Ļ¡

ȴǱܶ

üŰЦ֣ˣʲô֣

ûпڣһԿѳص㻽Է˰ɣз֮ǰڻȵԿʮֲơ

΢ͷʵɷΪʲôִ磿˵Ǻ棬˵׷

̧Ҫشһ̫ˣɡ

ͷ΢ʩһȥ

ĿıӰ忡תԿʵԷǱ»ˣ

⻰Կ޷شҲش𣬵Կһߣ

ЦЦ˦߳

Уλı£ֻһӡ˿̣վס

æ֮Уֻüһۣһػϼ£

ϣºһ˵ͲСΪ㣬޵Ůϰˣ

ֻһ䣬ȴ֮ԣ

ͨһڵϣҲֻǵͷ˵ˡ檵ķͶϣϲ檣Ѳһաһ죬ǲ㡭˶٣û˵ȥֻǵҲһʱ鼱

һһ󰲾

µͷĿضû뵽񣬴һ˵ķϣȻô󵨣

ȻҵԼ棬ֱ˵ʲôŮɷͶϣ

Ȼûɻﻰ⣬ָŴΪʼɣɱ֮ģ

ﻰ⣬ְ뼺

ˣǺô󹷵ɫವһŭ

ոҪվһְǹɻѹȥ

ܳԺǳ⣬ܲԼдɣһʱ֮䣬¾ҭ

ֱ˺һᣬ²ųԿ

ǡ̫ڵ𣬡Կ

һ䣬һеغĽŲ

תۼ䣬Կʹ粢ż˽ǰ岽ع¡

ؿһͷе㵨ӵػʡ

һۣԿ

ȻϢ˵ķ

ģüͷ

ʱڵϣػһʡղ棬ԿѵֽѵһҪҪʾǲģرǿʱ˿̣һֱе㺦µĸʣȻȻرˡ

תۿ

Ψһʼ޵ŮµüŮʵʧ

һᣬתۿ˵ϣڴķڴˣл˵

ڵһڵϵĴվһԿͬʱתͷ˷

ۣ߳ԥһϸ˵£ǷˡֻĴ޸˷һ·

䣡

Կڵ̧ͷֱֱض

üͷø

ӦǴùڸղţȡЦ˵ԼֻɾƽޣԼԺˣҪҪʰôһתۣܵǰװˣ

ವһ£һǵͨ죬Ҳ̲סͷŷ˵ʲô㡭

żе³

һеĴˡ죬תͷ£֪Уµüͷɽˡ

⻰ûдǰ׵µʱ㴫¶СԱ֮ܣȻһ֪ԼĴŮǴŻ˷ݵĴ㡣ںҪȡ£û⣬֮ĳһ㣬֪

ñû뵽ǣϾץ²š

̧ͷ

Ŀ⡣֮ŵĿУ߳Ĺ°һ˿

Լݴ˺֮£ˡп϶ǾãԼ֪ںϣȴŴ֮˺ɣ

ͻȻееͷʹվλııϲڲ䲼֣ҪվڵµƸߵ㣬Զ޻˵

ϣ˰ѱˡ

°̾һתµ˵ţ˸ղŵĻ ˣ

ڵ̧ͷҪʱ˵£ȷʵǲԡȻ˹ڻɡͣ٣˵룬ɡͣ٣˵룬ŵԺ󲻵öв֮¡ϲǸСˣûбҪ˾֮ġ£һĨɣҲԼһò

ǻʵۣ˵ֻҪôһò̬ȣﻹǱȨѡ

ڵһ±ˡ

ڱʱϷڵأм㣬ϲ޾Ĳ檣л¡µ¹

һۣתͷ

ûж

һһطڵϣǳŵ˫֣е

Ĵ½ģ޷񸸻˵ŵ



ģµüͷ˴ͣζɼĲʼϡ

ԿӦ˲ô࣬æŲࡣֳ˳䣬ģ˵ּ

һס³Ļǳºúܣţ뿹ּɣ

̧ͷ

۾ίޱȵصԿΪһ⣬޳

ʱ󴦵ľʹڼأԿУǾ档

ˮͷŭתͷ¡

ڱޱϣ˲

ǶĲ

ѳŵİ裬ֻˣһǱ£һԿ

˿̣˶˲

һš

ȻǸԹˣҹ˵ˣһ̣Ҳе㺦ˡٳ嶯ȴҲ֪ģŭ˱£ԼʲôҲǡ

ҧҧվ

תԿһֻ˰Ѻˮ

ߵǰ

ŷһӲ˵ϣдӲضֱ֣ҧ˺һż˵ԺҲٶв֮¡

ʮӲҷõĥص

֪ԴԸܼܲסԼĳŵһ⡣ֻ¡Ժ󲻸ŶԸǲٵġ

ϧű¿ڵģɱӲذ¶˴

Ҳֻˡ

˫

˵仰ľȻתͷȥ

תͷԿͻȻֻ˫Ҳ˱ڳų档

ת֮Զ

ؿŴ뿪ķԿ˴ðΣųɵػعͷ

ôˣʣ֪Աˡ

ȵĿ޾˵һۣ˻䣬ͷغȵ°!

ǡ

˳

һţԿһѺָԭλʱŷַߵúԶˡ

ֵģ

Կһȥ

ոճ嵽ȴתͷ£һϮѵ˫ѪɫӣضԿһֻۡһۣԿȴֻе滮

ɫһףֹ˲ֱȥŽӲᲽ

ϣü΢˵ղͻˡֱ£ָ֮£Ӧ

̧ͷ

Ŀؿ΢䣬˵µˣΪһ˵Ķײϲ˶٣̹Ȼ˵ǲϲңҲûʲôڱ¶ԣκ£ȨףвϲһˣɱԺֻҪץ

˵ͷղŵԣ÷Ҫ֪¶޸ʱݴҲԷϲͲϲɡֻҪǾһɾ͡ڿǿĿĻǴﵽˡ



124 ҹ



ﻺ˽ֵ

գ𳤳һ

Цתһۣʵܿģ

˵ͷ˵ﱡһ䣬͵˵Ҳǡ

ƥյڽֵϣһ˫˫Ŀ⣬ɨܻͣƬ̡

ЩˣǷŮˡŮĲŮӰģȴǲࡣ

ڷʱһҲЦ

תͷȥ

ﱡ΢΢УϵЦҲڲȥ౾ôһЦ˲ʱòɵۡоǰЦݣɴñѹ͡

ʱҲܿģ

šһͷ㲻

ʲô£

뵽ʲôЦݣ鵭˵ҲС

˵תͷȥ

ϣ׷ˣͷڵ˵𡣡

ţ

Ϊ˵»᲻Կ㣬ȢΪޣ



ûתͷȥϵģȴΣÿ˼

ԽȴԽֹţѲɣղű뵽ڿ

ͷֻһоԼе㲻ƣҡҡͷҲ֪

һᣬ˵ǰñ²׿˵ʲôˣд⣬Ҳʲô

һ˻ص

סԺһ±ŮˮҪϴһ衣

ˮһտˣľͰУڵУͷһݶ

ֹȥһˡ

ȥһգһգץʱ䰡

˫ۣëϣظȵѬ

ֱƤúˣվ澵ݹѷȥҵĺ

ʱſڴһŲ

ǽŲᣬټͣעĿ

κηԱ͵Ϯκһϴٱ

һȻһᣬ

һ

Ҳһ

һᣬһµģˣҽŲˣŮ֪ң

Ȼ

ҧŴˮˣŷ۵س嶯ϸ˵ҹǰкҪ£

ûҪ¡һĵ֣ƿ˲š

ˮУʪʪ㷢βݵϺֱͦıϣմˮķ

ϷĿ⣬ȴΪʧüͷôôϴˣҽϼϵģ

һ仰أǵͨ죬ŮˢˢͷЦ

ŭ˵㣬㡭ʵڲ֪ô˵ĺáУ֪ԴӵһײԼϴ裬ȴĶʱϴ裬һִҲľǿҲǲʡŲƯѵİһǣ׵Ǵζʧ棬ǲʵġ

֪Լòסִһѹס嶯˾ӣһҹһСǰǿ϶ġ

ֻˣ˵ЩҲ̫Ȼ̫ˣ

ŭȴ˫ġŷۣ嵽˷ǰ

ͷĿƵشʪתˮ̴ת΢¶ľڡ

Ŷţڷ¶һʱͻȻǰһ˫һ죬Ȼذѷ˻У

صذѷڻУ͵͵˵Һܿġ

׼һ⻰һ͡

һְıһֽ˵Ժұ˰𡣰㿴ʱûкϲ

ˡ

һᣬ͵͵˵ǶԺ

ĵӦš㻹ûлشأ

ôûлششءǶԺλõԺ䣬һֱǹλλô

һʱ֮䣬ļϣֱƱһ¡

Ҳֻ˶ѣĿЩ£ʣʡΪ֪̫ء

ڴУգգۣһЦ͵˵ϲġ

˵ϲһЦһѩ׵£ɢλεĹâ

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˵Ȳ˵һûġ

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ͻȻģһͷ۶һᣬ˵ţ㲻󡣡˳˼¡

Ȼ㱧ϲϲسȥ

󾪣еУУ

νżν

ȴǻȻᱧһ߳ȥһ˵ôУȫеġˣ㶼סڣŲۡˣرǸԿһΪ˼֮׵ġ𣬼ȻﶼôΪҪʧˣɶ಻ã

ϣȫͷεΪ롣

ҭסˡ

Ҳ֪ԼţΣȥʱ򣬱Ҳժ塭һ֮ժ壬㲻ժǡ

ԿһǻزȥˣɷҲǰǸȤʱһ檣ҲǿԽܵġ

ֻҪȫˣʧģ࣬޺֮ǣ֮ࡣ

صǣڻԿ룬㱳͵飬ʲôӣ˵Ҫ룬Ҫƻƻ

ۿԼ˳߳ţ𼱵㣬ң㲻ߴߴᣬһߣǷ߿°س嵽̨ϡ

ಣʮͺͻͬʱתͷˡ

оͶĿ⣬ңʶذͷһ񣬲صĻС

оض֣صЦŶϢůůش̼Ķ˵Ůˣ̫ˣǵ˶£ֻ㻹ʲô񡣡

ɣüɫ裬϶Ź⣬㻹֪˵ʲôҲûˡ

죬ѩ׵ڷ⣬³Ļȴеıò㣬ҹšЩ˰ǿ

תۣԼԺ䣬һȥѶŴ򿪡

ǡ

˶ᡣ

һƻͨķ䣬Ϊ̫ţҳһŵģͻȻˣⷿУûд

ȴ˵ﱧŷ𣬿ֵߵǰŮ򿪺·𣬴óһ߲ʻƵ

תڷʱ֣ı龹е࣬Ǵ΢΢

ͷīһ࣬ۡ

Ȼתȥóһڡɽ߲ʱʯɵĻڡ£â磬ر

תͷذѻڷϡ˺һͷش

˺һᣬǰȻѷ§˻С

ԼڷϣƵʵѣڣϲϲ

˵ϲ

һ䣬͵Ц˫ŷеʪϲͺá



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ϵļôȣֱۣôǵʪ⣬͸űůһһһֱҪĻů

Ĳ˲ѱؿ

ãƵô

㣿𲻶Ϊʲôʣؿҡͷ˵زã㣿

ôˣ˵Ȼңұⷿʱ

һ

̧ͷУǳŪЦ⣬ﻹаղ鶯ģ¿ţ˵ңһⷿĪǣΪҵ޷

ڵһ£ǵͨ죬Ǻò׼ĸԺᣬһɨաһ˫ۣ޵صģƺ޲ҧгݵһ٣κԸģûװʱҲҲʡ

΢΢ͷ΢ѪɫۣȤشѵķȻһ

˹תȥ򿪷һǵӣóһϮɫ۴ϣٴóһɫϵ˶ͷϡ

ٻعͷ𿴴ȥ

ɫΪأǻ죬ϸǰɫУйâ

ˣֱۣ߷֡ҹ䣬ֻվȴһȼյĻ档

ҹɴڴ룬Ǻɫ˿ںڵĳ,۽ǣ

ͻȻ֮䣬оʱ·վѪУվǷһǵһ𲢡ڿȴޱȵĲǱ׳بŵļį

һֿڹļįǿеУõ껪Ǵ£ϣֻоޱ޼ʵļįͲ

ͷŲڲؿߵǰȳĽë֣رĸߴǱţȴ·ĻС͵͵˵ȥˣ

,ĸԵġ

һ䣬,ڶã

һ

ڵһתȥƵȥѣǹڣӲ

ӦһְղԼϵ۽£ְѻȡ¡ǹ֮طڼϣ΢΢ޱȵ˵ҳȥˡ˵գģȥ

תۼ䣬˵˷ſڡʱƵĺ

ͷ

Ȼͦñֱϣ֪أҲ֪ңǻϲң

ڷ΢΢׵ɫУһһ˵ڣ㷢ģӴ˺ҵˣҵĹںηεأһԶѲ룬ᣬ֮֮

֮֮ҪһҪΪһô

ⲻѡһͲʲôŮ鰮ġ࣬治֪ȥԣҪΪ֮֮ҲӦ

£ӯӯ򵹣Զˮ˵ϣ£ϰˣĹһ䲻Ѳᣬ֮֮һݶ£֣Υģ˹û˵ĸ֡Ϊһǲأ˵̫أ̫ãݳغãԼܹܣܹӵС

ҺҲû⡣

һأڵһתͷ

˲Ҳ˲ضŷ

ڵϣ̬浾˵ŽӰһģȴ÷·ֻƽĸˡΪʲôԥԼǿܵģƺΪʲô˿̷ȴȻ

ģ̧°͡

Ŀͷչãã,͵˵ʶӡ

˫ۡ

˵Ҳûжվ

վţ´ķ𣬱Ȼģģ⣬ӳ췱ǣʵʵ˵ƽͣ˵񵭡

Թбǿȣ

֪Уת

һᣬͶƵ𣬡𡣡



Ͳ£һƿ㣬һ˹¼ػţ¼ĻţգգۣǲǺܺ𣿺й¼䳣˱ǹ¶¶ȥֻҪܹ˺̤¼ʲô

ü

һ棬˵ǴࡣĲҲСˣôһͯһ޷˽仰ĺ壿

΢˵Ůˣ㷢ģͷˡѵ㶼ʲôҪ󣿡

룬˵úˡŵһֻˣȻҲҪЩʲôߣЩʲô

룬ûа취ĸţܸһŵҲһʵǸŵ

̧Уйâת·ǳڲ˸һᣬ͵͵˵еġԺվʲô߶ȣӵʲôݣܲܡ

ͣ٣˫۾Ҳգš

Ʈܲһڡƺף͵ǼĶһӣûڡ˵ʲôɫе㷢ڣסˡ

ؿ˫һ˵УôӦңܺʱΪˣȡҵȥֹ

ˡ

ŴҪЦһҪ䣬ȴֻǳ˵Ůˣ㻹ͦ־Ϊ졣

˴ִ˫ϵϲŭ޳еͿ

˲ͷҹ紵ȥؿڵꡣ

ôõҹôʱ̣ˣӦϿҪԣڼʱŮزҪѪΪˣóҹĻףӴӰ룬ϲ빲ġ

վ򣬿֮ϳ¸ǵͷһˡ

Ҳ֪˶ãͻȻʵǽسģ

֪ôҡҡͷǡүүǽˣңҺܶࡣ

һʵˣԣô

ʲô˼

ڵ̧ͷҪģж飬ֱĵġôȴԼ̫ḡˣ

ҧŴ֪к۾գȥеɬ⣬͵͵ػصţڶţֻҪ׼֮ˣܶԲ⣿ؿеƣתȥҳ˸˵ʱˣЪϢɣ檸ˡ

˵գȹһᣬ㼱ææȥ

ת۷Ժ䡣㱻ҹһŷԼ嶯ˡоͶĿ⣬æ½ŲһֱͦׯӺݵسԼԺȥ

һᣬԺſڡ

֣໥һۣͬʱһ

һǰһЦôͻˣūǶ׼߽ΣҪӭط˵ġ

׼˵ΣѲǻΪԼл֮Ҫ̧Ż

ڵǵͨ졣Ǽۣת뵽ղĿ֮±ﱧ𣬱ɵҲΪ֮䷢ʲô⻹ֲǡ

£˭Ҳ˵ȥȻĻºˣ

һݣˢˢӦǡ

ųԼ޷



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һϣշת࣬þ޷˯

ֱ

һ֪賿뿪Ӫ̽ȥˡڣĹϤǰһƹԸ꣬ȻȴҲּ졣õʱѿʼ˶ǮݡѺ˶һСݵط鰸ǰæµһķͻȻ𣬱µڼȻߣβȥ壬Լôò˵ͨϢҲǲġ

·Žб⣬ׯʻȥ

ֵзɣҲΪʱʹ˵Եʣ𿴵һס

ׯܰŲã˹һǷۿһ죬ʵŮɣūڿˡ

Ǹʮĺ׳꣬شŷһ˵Ůɣ㣬ñԿš

Թ

ͷҪ꣬һЦץ䣬˵ǰӱ¸ԸԺ˿ţʵǲ㡣

֪֪

æ˵ǰӣūĵصԸ⿴ֻǲŮɼ档˵еɬŮɣ˵㵽ˣګګʵݣ

һתﴽЦͲΪҵˡ

廹ǵĵؿԼ⣬أ

̾ǰ֣úݶ¹Īֵĸطȥлˡ

⵹¡

˵ͷ弸ûתһȦ˵˱¸о߶߶еƽ

ۿ̫һƽˣ嶣̼䣬ת

ղһʣ֪Ǹɵʯʣѱܻ˽Ҷӡһ㣬ӵеĽҶӣнİöˡ

İöҪиҲ㹻ˣӶǨȥķˡ

뵽Ǩһ£ɿЦǰǽһΡϧ̫Զ̫ԶˡӶǵ˵Ҳжǧ;к˽ȨһĴСˣʤд治֪ûлǰȥһۡ

УѰ˼һ󣬸оżˣ˫ۼҲ֪˶ã˻ΣֻԦͻˣĽе˷ܡ

һʵԦ΢ᣬûУ

ʲôԦһǺЦԭûղЩ˵ءᵽ˵£΢Цʵ˵ʲôԦż˷ܵ˵ҲһЩˣ˵ʲôһֱǸŵ֮ˣ˵ʲô˽ʲô׵ġɾ֮䣬Щ˴ģ˵ʲôǰԼɾ˽ͨˡҪôһ£ҲڸԺúһԷ˱ɷˡ˵ʵǿаѷߵġ

ʲô

üͷ΢΢ֱģ

һ䣬һ긾е㡢׳ѹŴʲôλء˵ӣ˵ҪԼɾҡҿ޵óˣʱҶҪˡǲ֪ʱǴ˵ʲô˵ҪԼԭţҲһ

⻰ʯ쾪̹ſýȢԭ䱻ûŵĺ޷ģ긾һ˵±ߴߴһƬ̾ӶУüͷ

û˵Щֻ֪֪һ㣬Ҳʱ ոյ˻ʺñҲΪʧʱ򣬰Щ˽

ң긾˵ģȻһоøƾݣҲûʸ񿿽ԸٲڣôõĽ

뵽߿һ㣬ӵĸǸ˳ģƫڡ

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벻ҲʡˬӦһʻȥ

߸Уüġ

ôЦܡǣҲգԿҲգֵ³Թˣֻ붼룬϶ЩԼŪģ

ֻ£Ѷˡǵͣ²סɼܲסµͬոñʧ棬εڴһͷ˵ǴԼ档档ǻҵġֻ±»¡

ĸŴ徻úܣϢʻ󡣱ŷ𳯶Ժʻȥ

ʱԺ

ǡ

ʻԺ

ʱ̫ոճƽߣֻʣ޺Ĩ֮䣬׺ŵƽߡ

һͣ£㼱ԺȥոտԺţ˴

һһеģ̤ʵ·ֻҪڣͿԷˡûз֣˿ĸоǺûġ֣

һۣ˵֮,ڴʧʧڵҥԣѴǽǡһҧΪѾ¡ڣ˶ڴźͶŴ

˵Ĵǣ΢ɼһֻȻ䣬Ůô˳ؽ˸Ȼ֪ˡҲƻ

仰齻һ˵޸ɡ

֪޸ɡ

΢䣬˵ҲԼ֪ʲôΪ

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ʱһǹǵأȥȽŷ֡

ΪһֵĸˣûӰ

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֪ߣ˻֣˰󣬱һôҲܴߴ١

һ·ϣѰ˼ŶԲߡǵģ֪ԼʲôΪƳˣڸף

ô

ҪѵģɴҲܷŹòףǽֵԼһѻôԵأ

Ѱ˼һ󣬷߳һЦݡ

΢΢ͷӭһϸ˵˼ȥôҪ֣šֻǽĸţղ徻ˡ

ֳ£ֵԽ󣬱㴫ԽԶڱ㵱һС֮ˣʲôʱʥּǿдУټɡ

΢ŷۣһᣬأػƻĳŮ,ϲ˵ЦݣоġʱҲţǰʱҲƻԼǰҲƻǻٳԺܶ

ͬ⣬ﴽһЦתظʱԺ㴫˷˲ˡ

ְʱĴ̾ⲡʵǻ͹ȣ˼ڻþò÷йµĸƢ顣Ȼ߶߶˵һͨؾһ仰Ǳ۸úˣ̵̫̫󣬳Ųסġ



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æµţҲʱʱĽκνǿȻ£ɿλεĵǹǿ˴죬

һţһͷҲ̧صʵȥˣ

ûŮһе㲻ͷҲе㵭Į𣬡ʲôÿģ

ȴ

㶵ƿϷǸڴǰרСһ꣬˿̣ǰļϣһѡɵɵؿ治ţԼ˽󣬾ɵزôãԼȻûз֣һֱæţҲӦǽڰ

˰Σʵʲôʱģ

ͷҲ̧Ŵصˡ

Ŷ

ոմ̧ͷʵڲæô

æնȻͷҲ̧ص

ֱ˺һҲûеȵĺ󻰣ŷӦĻѾ˵ˡ

ִ˴ګګ˵ʵ㲻ҵġ

겻ͷü˵ٷϻĻ

Ŷͷط

ŷ£𣬾չ⿴꣬ϣ۵׵ĺȦ͵ʵȻˣβϢʱ

ͣ¶̧ͷ

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û뵽룬ڵǵͨ죬Ҳҭס

һ飬һۣͷţмɣĮȻ룬Ǿͱս죡

һ£ʵʵС

ʱеŮ˼أѰǰ˼ηηʵջ⼸Ҷ㣬˯ˣ޲ðѣ˼ȥҲҪˣҷһߣŮҪˣһʱҪ׿˵Ҫ󣡡

Ҫ

úõʲôҪ

ֱǺͿˣǺͿͬʱ֪Ϊʲôֱǵ˶ϣҲţУƬϻʱǽ֪ô÷

򣬱۾

תһȥˡ

һУ;ȥһᣬʱֻˡķгһͺʼⷭľ顣

ҹ뿪ֽʳһšɳϵǣʱһ̣˰һʩʩȻ뿪ķ䡣

ڶת۾͵ˡ

ʱһڵ̫ŷϱɺ̫ҽǰΡϣٽּ

Ȼˣͦ

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˵⼦Ҳ˲١ȴȣһ翪ʼ㲻ϱȶȵġ

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û뵽֣̫ҽһתۿ ŵѪܳɫһ԰ס

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һ߳ţ̫ҽһѺǸĻһ̫˵ߣ߰ɡ

̫࿴Ҳе飬Ӧããߡ

ת۱ʻԺš

һߣ齡߶ǽϵѪһ·ι

תۣվ˴ǰְһüͷʵô£

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˵ͷŽתߡ

˯Ҫ뿪

شģתۼԽȥԽԶҺæԼСġܷ£ɳ⸮š

֪ ˣǵ͵͵ضһ˫˵лл

̫ҽߺ󲻵һʱִһ

һᣬһŮҴеķһ˵ˣԼҹ֪˲أǰ

˶٣Ů˵˵ּ⣡

ô

Ӧһ˵

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Ůǰһһҷ˷

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ǡ

Ů߳

һᣬһ󼱴ٵĽŲǽŲûпĶУ⻰˭Űǰ컹صܣڻʹдڴʣôһʹˣ

˵Цϣ没ˣɣ˱ˣҲҪ˵Ц

ЦУһಶȴǴԿײ˷ţ粽ڡ

ͬʱ䴦ķ

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һ㶣ת۴ЦӴӴеˡתԿ˵ɾ˵ŮǲӦˣ

ⰲڣļЦر̶Լˡǳ˳ǲԽǲأԽѶ˽͵壿

ݲţ̫ҽǰ뿪ţǼ͵ɢϢˡ

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ͬʱǿ˼㣬Ĵ봳˳㻹˵ǰԭ˺ӣȴһ޴ϳ䣬Ӷ˲

ǴģʵڱĵطҲԵõ֤ʵ֮ԴЩֻʵڴҥԣ֪赽·ȥĵزţ治֪˼ء

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ҲûԿڼ嵽˷ǰۿҪʱŮͬʱ߳ǡһγ˳

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һߣһŲڼϣŷеŮˣЩǲųģ뵽⼸ԼߵﶼǳԶĿŭһϣе֪㲻ǻϵģǾ㣡빬ʱңһصĸУҥڮٱǶ޳ܣ

ˣ˵˶޳ܣ

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еĿĵضŴһͣ˫˵һˣõµĺ񰮺ΣŵĻһְ

û뵽˵ͷü׼һۣŻȥ

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һһ㶣һأҪļ澻Ѱ˼

ʱ˴嵽ʺ˵ΪôһЩϦˣȲҪܻŹЭġ

˵ڼϵĽһڡ

иһ£һԿҲüͷɫеѿ

תּۣеҪ¡㣬˵ĻһҲţ

Ļһ䣬㿴ԼĵطرԵ÷˫۾ĳ۵ý

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ʵ̫ϤˣҪŭĿغȵˣ

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ǣӦһҪǰĴȵ˭ң

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һĻҲסˡ˺סɫʱýʤķһЦ

ЦҲ졣ʲôʱ򣿼Цһ˱ͬʱǵɴİۡ

˵ֿЦˣºҲǰ̫ҽֲ̫ҽǿа檴ߵĵ˵˺ʥϡá֣֣֪ǹԼԡںںڵӿ˵£ǹΪٴּ⣬Ҳ۾»Ϊǡһ˵ô࣬ƺ鲻ʤְؿڴϢ

·ǼģǿɲһԼ֤ȷ䣬ҲԼһһϾùŵӣ

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Կɫ˺ڣһᣬſ˵Ǳ£ղŮģҲñġ

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ҴææʻԸ˿뿪ļʽ·ܿĸǿֻŵ˼ı顣

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132 ȥ



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󾪣˫۵ɵԲڳ룬ȴ߶Ĵѩ׵΢΢,ҲʹֻǼᶨ߶ţôҲ뿪

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˫ֲгһߣһֿ˫֣һֻ֣ȴĺԿǡ

ʱ,һŲԶԶģһ̫...

£ſ𣬴Цģ΢еķۣһһĨѪ⡣

ʩʩȻվʵ

쵽ţҪӭ

һЦ̫ǰҪӭ

ЦУתͷ

ڵԼʱ鷱æҲ֪ûǲᣬһش...

˵ģȻǾѷ

ɫ΢ȴһ˵㲻õġصԸҲɻŮţܵ˺...

õı֤,üЦ

ЦˣҲһЦ֣˻ûתһЦݱѱᲽȥʱоҲգЦҲգˡ

Ŀ뿪ıӰ¡

뵽Цôˣ֮Щᱨġ

ְڹ̵ϣѰ˼ȻڡұߵԸҲõˡգҲҵᣬŬһѡ

Ͼϰˣת۱ͨԼķʽԼڼ䣬ȫ

ϧ,һֱûҵתȥˡ

ʱǰһƬΪһ磬ˣʦˡ

ڷУһγ󣬻˵ʽΪ³һȨ㳯Ұ

һߣµʥּҲˡʥֻּһ仰ǾǣպԼɾ飬ΪԸޣ˸ûȥˡ

ûڲôˣֱһ仰ȥԸ

ӹʥּķҲţΪ,ߵĶʮʮŮûмİ

㣬סһķˣԲŻŵųŵ̬ƣƵʻԸ

ȥʱΪԼܲٻˡΪԼҵչԼԼٻ

´ǣ뼯Щǻˡ

һλеڴ롣ڰȫǵ£ܿս᲻һĴ񣬱Կƽ޺ôԼϥҲһȤ¡



133 Ը״



ֱӴӲԸġոðͷԺ㴫һӴӴ˼Ҵ󽫾ôֻˣӾûмôҪġ

̱ɷ

ಣŮͬʱ

ȴһѳƿЩʻԺ̧ͷɨǸ˵ӡ

ȴǸģԸƤЦⲻЦ˵ôɰ֪ˣΪǽ۸ء

𻺲ԱһԸŮʵ˭˿̵ıԺУվ߸ͣЩףҪ޹ˣԸһѰͶ׼ôࡣ

ŮûпڣŻЦͷʣ֣常ʹɾֵġ

ԭԿ常ģ常Ը״һ֡

֣ӵĿУ˵ͷ˵ԭˡأ֣ӺȵǺʹԸĸһˣûû£ںԣˣ죡

ôվţغţɣֱʤ֣ƽзˡ߶ʱͬʱ߳ͶŮְֻ߳ʣɷض֣ӣڶһ亹ʱŮһǰһ˱׼֣ӷʱסġڼöãͣ½ŲһŮǰһžžžǼİ˦˹ȥ

ģŮҲżֺ⼸ֳ˲ʱ֣ӵմֺס

մúˣŮһֻ֣֣ӵҼǼ˦ȥ

šžžžĶ޺Уֻá߲һȴ֣³һڴѪݡ

ʱ˵ˡ

Ů֣𵭵һñ鶼֣ӡĿɨˡ

۽ͨԺĹŴԴವ˻ȥ

ضŹŴ·һпһķԸˢˢͷʱЦЦ˹˵𱰣Ǽŵĺá

ĴصԸ裬ЩǿġټϣԸʱȻϣȴ͸żûм

ǣûнţ֣ӱײˡէԼ̽ġ

ڴˣĻػҪѸ٣Ҫֻڳֺ;ȥϾҪ޹ĳš

ת޷ȥ

ڷʱ۽ڣüӰ˺԰С

Ų΢٣ȻٴЦЦᲽڡ

޷пտҲ

ԭµķ䣬һһͼ

عͷ

ͷʱԸǣͷˡ

һۣתķȥ

Ȼеķ䶼޷һÿտҲⷿҲһԭ˲ʳĿⷿɶҲûˡ

һ·𿴵úϸÿһʲôػԭͣһᡣ

ǣһԵģǰظš

֧ƺƵƲģԸͷˡ

ֱ˺һᣬ˳ⷿ

ͷһۣ˹ʵµˣʲôʱ뿪ģ

ʵģȻǸԱߵԸŮ

һ澳ͬĿһۣ˸صˣǰ뿪ġʵ֪뿪ʱġ¶׼ѳż޸Կˣôܻ±ԼνġˡҪӣԸΪע⡣

ô𵭵˵ǰŸߣǱˣ

⻰ɲᣬŸոսѵ֣ӵķԸͬʱһס

ͷҲأ´͸ĸĶҲҶãǺãȥɱˣ

ɱˣ

Ȼ˵ɱˣ

ԸɫףҲ֪˭ͷֻáͨͨڶ

һصͬʱԩһݣڵϴеԩСˣԺĶʵߵİ

ǰǰ

ˣġ



߰ؽУɫ

Ȼ֪Կµ֣֪Щˣ뿪ʱαĶûҲΪһ׼˼

֪֪ƫҪЩԼ˵ԿһһЩ⸮а˵ı»ʺǣԿΪˣԿԼ⣬Ҳôһѡ

Ƕͷˡ

һᣬ˻֣ȵһҹ

һ䣬ͻæ𣬿Щ˲ֻȥӰһ

ֱԸһɶתǸĻ£˸ϸ˵ЩǮ;Ӵˡ

ǻ˵ͷӹСҶӣ˲ضЩʲôϾͷԸȥ

⻤ǸܸɵģȥǶæðʱϵĶѾһ£Ѭ֬׼׵

ʱ̣ԿҲˡ

һظصԺϢҲǸ޿֣ӣᲽԺȥ

ߵúܿ죬ԽԽ죬һ뵽ҪеȲ

ˣ뿪ʱ޲öڣϢӿͷģȻǸˡ

صԼߡ

ڣΪˡȻǾζţܹ磬ʣ޼

㻹ǹʱоദһ¡̲סһһλĺôΪԼְѷƵԶԶģǲǵòʧ

ڵˣΨһŵ㡪Ҳûˡʲô

򴽣ԿҪ

ֻڣԼĲŻǰģԼ洦ʱŻƽ͡ңȻ˴ӣҪ»֮ʱǰԼĴϻۣԼһ˳

뵽ԿĽŲˡ

ʱһ˻

˵ĽлԿͷüʲô£ȥﻹҪҪ

˼ԿӦǼӿ˽Ųһ嵽Կ࣬Ŵ˵ɾղŷ˷ˡҪڱԺȫɱڣǶϳˡ

Կһɲ

Լ˼˵˽˱Ժ˲ŷġ

˵Ѹٵصͷȥĵ˺һ

֪ԼôһظϢҲ˳ظȥԺ˳ãǱˣٲԼЩ˿

ˣҪס

ԿһӲתͷԺڡ

û֪жѡǱΪˣǻѪҪţ˵ģΪԺһڶ߽һԺסǲٵġ

պ޵ǣܶ˳ŵģɲǳţǸʾˣһƬҶӶûаθƵûֻܰ͹Լ˽ģӱԺȫó常ͬŽ˸飬ǿ롣Ź찲ӰһŪͷտգǷ˺ôһծʱҹԿֱ޸ԼţǼңҲǰġֻĴ˻ûţԼͿˡڣҲֻڴļױˡ

ԿһԼڲȥǸˣԴ򹴴󣬱ˣǰͻݴӰҲûˡԼȥˣһл

̾һԿһ˦תȥ

æȻĶԺһۣ㲻ͷתͷԺȥ

ԺҲйŵҪⱾԺԿһ˵Ժ䣬ø߹ЩЩ檣㽨Ժǡ

˵˵úãǮأǮûмһԿ뵽⼸ʱһԼֿ֣ģֱЩ

ص鷿Կصһ

ºѿտҲıһţŭȵأôһˣ

һ䣬Ů˹

Կһۣȵǽʲôüأü;ʮǰ˵ġɽűЩԡǣǰǱ͵ԸԿʱ֪ǻġ

βڰѴΪʱ׿˵˵ģٶ檡üӦһ

Կ벻׵ǣӦ÷ˣ泩˵ǣôǺ󣬼һһ˫ۣΨһһڵüЦʱҲǿ

һŮǰӦü˵Ӳʣڷš

⻰һԿգŭţţ

⸮Уű޴˵һֱˣҲһۡҪǹżǰǲ£ֻŮ˶ܻˡ

ڵãüҲˣ

ŭУԿϵһƱ顱ڵˤ˸󣬻żٵشϢ

һᣬŭԺҪôŮ˸ûһĵģߣϧþᡣ



134¼



һ̽󣬷ƽӡ

ǻصԸУȴûšǰ鷿УоᣬڿģоҪ׼йһ顣в̫׵ģ㷴ĥ

ȻڻǶ˵˵һЩɷ£о̣ɽ档

룬ԺЩ¶ථһЩûл

ڷ׼ʱԸøˣУæµĹŪûҳġ

ݷ̽ģԺԿģȴǲࡣűΪ£Ҫʸ˴ڹ˼

죬Ժˣü;

վԼǰͷң΢Цɡ

ǣˡ

ŮһŶĽһߵͷǲ˵˯˯

ڳĬ˺һü˵ˣ̧ͷ𣬡űҪˣˣǣӦЩʲô

Ȼʲߵġ

е죬ԼǰԹ°ôüҲãҲãϲԼʲߣ

𲻴𣬾һᣬüҲе죬ǸиģԺЩ˱֪ǳŹˣҲġֻǡ

ЩŮһҲųӣƴˡ

صʲôã£ǡ

ᵽԿüǾҲֹס˳ʡ

һᣬü˵ӣǳͰʹԱ߿ţһ仰Ҳ˵ǣŷʱҲġ

˫۵ָűأҪٻУԼءֻϧΪԼǸ۵ģȻԼϡǶδҲһһ

Уҡͷ̾治֪

üҲָܳʲôһʾʾãҲ

ô˵̾һɬ˵Ů˵ôôࣿ

⻰û˻ش

Ůһ󣬼Լ޻˵ֻˡ

ǰŲߣ˲ŵ˽

ⶬյģ⻹ţȴúġɫе԰ףͷСĵţһ²Ȼϵӡﻹи븮ʱĽ

ԶԶ㳯ӯӯһˡ

ؿӿɺЩˣ˵㰤˴ޣ˿¿ɺˣ

ϸ˵ᣬɻﻰ⣬ѹֻ˱ޣ֮£

Ϸ׵ӣɲ˲ˡ

ףԼڰ֮󣬵ϵװ˲Ȼ˵ġ

£΢ЦۣǰУ͸Ӻݵݣ˵ˣͻȻģݺݴһ

е㺦ˡ

֮࣬ҲеˣҲʱü޻ϡ

ǲ֪ʲôֽţǿģ뵽Զصƽһ¡

վﲻҲȰžˮ۾һܡ

ֱ˺һᣬŴ檣檸ˡ

Ů˱ԺһԺ䣬Ůͷһۣ˵˵˲ˣڿӣɫ׵ѿһоǺõġ

ﲻشһŮӦ˵Իظ󣬳쵽ڷУղҩζֱѬ˺ܡôţżˣ˵仰ްġ

˵Ů̲סֹɱأ治֪ˣô£

ȴû˼ڷĲϣҧŴһᣬͻȻ˵Ժע㣡

仰ûͷûβͬʱ

ȴǱս˴û˵

ת۶ȥˡ

ԿڷԺ⡣

վڹ⣬ûпҲûǰ㼱ؽȥ

һᣬһֵɾ˲ˣǲܼ

ŴԿʱѹصһۣűԺȥƫҪһ

վں棬ԿͲĳ̤Ժ䣬Ҳ˵ʲôֻڵظں档

ԿԺ䣬˼ۣǷˣüͷ壬ֱ˲Ӭһܡ

̨̤ףֱȥ޷š

һŮҪ洫ɾ



Կ˴ôô·𣬴ûзʲô¡

֪ģԿͷࡣ

棬شձɾϲӣʱæµһģɾЩЪϢĺáޱᣬޱȵο

ԿһðΣ˵㣬㲻𣿡

⻰ǻ˵ģ·֪Լ˵ʲô

޷УûпԿʱ˵㲻㡣

ǺᣬСС⡣

һЦҲǣҪŵģ֮ȰԼסĺá

죬ѹɤһ󼱿ȡһȣֱ

治ϴĿһŮߵԿ˵ɾذɣմ˵ˣǻ˺ⲡ״Ⱦ˵ġ

˺Ⱦˣ

Կ˺һһᣬŷޱȵ˵ҪңҶĵġûˡкܶ໰˵κܶԼ̫࣬ЩһŶУһǷǡ룬ֻա

һҾ˵úõؽӣΪˡ

˵գתߡ

ȥ˵Ȼպ޼Ҷ³ţټһ治װɣ

˵ҡҡͷʧһЦ

һת۾͹ȥˡһ죬˸硣

ֹ˸磬Ըˣ컹ûˡģԺƻͨϡ

죬ԸĴӣΪԭţƽݼԸ

վԺеģƺӵˣˡ

Ÿ︮ﴽһЦ

һŮߵ󣬵˵ˣղ𣿻ǻطɡ

ǳЦ޷ģû˻ע

Ů˵˻Сĵĺá¸ϾҪˣǱ˿˾ţ˵ûȥ¸׵Ĳ衣

⻰Ƿװصԭ򡣳ŷĲ裬Ǻȵģϧܺȣʱ򣬳Żܹ˹עģ˵ϧ̵Ҳв٣ûǸȤ˰ѱ˼ǹҪԼ

̾һϧ˵գת޷ȥ

޷У졣

ʱһһεš

ģճģԺ䡣

ԸУһʼ֣ذһЩȻ󣬽ֵʱʱشһ͹

Щͷյͷ

óһŮЦ쵽ʱˡ

135 

һŮҲЦ뿴װһĻȥһۡ΢Цá

˵ʵ˳ȥ

˷ģ˳ȥˣǱػѿһһ֪ˡ

ʱЦЦҲоԼеģȻԳŵĳôȤ

ʱһţת,ʱˣתۣҹˡ

һ죬Ըŵƽ,,ַǷ

ôţڷеķҲֵϣʱһ󲻺ϵĺЦͬʱ,ǰصȨ޼˵ǻ

ҹˡ

Ժһʱ֮е㱡޸ԿʱǲʡʱýҲҪٰ죬ԿʡǮ㲻Կھˡ

ʱ,ýɵý˵,ϵ˾Ǽ,ԽʡţԽΪֵֻЩӲҪٰ,˵Ҫˣɻ˹пܻ֡

⻰ǲŵģޱһ壬ʡһ㣬ԺҲùЩ

֪ԿʡµǵǮȫõ˺¥ϡǰʱҲһ׬Ǯòеʣ࣬õ¥Ӧˡ

벻ãܺʱֲСãʵǼ֮£ֻȥ,ĲǰǶԷȻϰԵĺӣ

ҲŮˣµŮˣĸڴһҵĻ񣿱Ҫ,ʡ,ڴҲġŮ˵,ڴַʽ֤ⳡӡԼӰɡ

һҹϮѹһھƣʧһЦ

һҹһҹΡ

ڶ죬˯Ͳһ죬Ժ䣬Ҳ

졣ŮǷų˵ԼѴã˵ˣٹʮȫ

ȴãúķ,ɲŶյĺ磬ٵתһ¡

ʱ̫ã˵سӵ¡˳űԺͨԺš

ϲ˵,ҲǰšһϣֻнŲҶʱ

ţһŲתۣǰĲ,ʮӰ

ǰģŸ˷,һϮ¸װȻǳţڳŵԱߣСķಽЦ˵ŻģȴԿ

һӭǷ,Ȼ̧ͷһ˫İۺ޺޵ضԱߵԿʱҲ̧ͷϷʱ˶,ȴû³һֻ֣ɫӡ

ҲǿȥһԿ㿴ͬ,ϺЦ

һϮϽѣ䵱磬Ȼķ𣬺Ц,ˮҲЦ̫Ҳı̫Ȼһ̵ķֱˣ֮С

վĳţȴݣΪ㲵ͻȻȧǸͻ,ɫǦҲڲסơǰɫУֵһ㲣޻Ȼ˱Ƴ,˼һ㡣

ԱݹٮȻֱǳһѰӹ

Կ˿ֿ˿ǸģýģɫԸˡԱߣŵռȻ鶯£ڶϷ˸ʤ,ֱȻʧɫķʱԣ¸ˣ

״е˵šˡ

תԿĿ⺬֣˵øոԸŰҲǸģôˣ֪˼ˣΪأ

ЩˣԿǻɾġȴˣֿڿ˵ʲôԸš,̬ɲǰԼޣųţԼλ֮ϣ

ⷬʵᣬ˼ȴ̱

ڵһ£ŵǵࡣȻ˦Կżе  ŮˡôĹ

嵽岽,䣬ż»ԼɲűͬСȻֹŻͷ,еɱǸɱ

,ֳŷһָ

ǷӦһЦ϶ǰ΢΢ͷϸģ˵šŶڿɲʲôˣ

ͷƺЦشų,̾úһ,Ȼ񣬰˶,˵㱾Ӧ,ôأ

ЦݣĻ,ʵǳҲġ˿̼һ״ӿͷ

ɤӼһҲ˲ǻûиһ,ʮָױͷ

ڳسʱͬʱһ졣һֵ˳Żӹ֣һˣȴһڳŵļϡص˼˫ϥһ,Ȼڵءˤ˸ʺ

û뵽һĻһĿɿڴؿţǳŴǣʱҲɵۡ

һᣬˤϵĳһҲ֪˭ͷһ̿ĵЦȻ

ȴ˿̵ĳţͷϱϣպ϶մŴ޷ҲŨױĨšĴ磬һټһ˫޺޵ŵİ,еĽʮǱЦ

ű޼,ȻЦһ״ʹͬʱӿͷһٴμһڵת˻ɱǼ,ûУҪɱǼ

ָķǷ

е˻ߡȫȻǲݷ壡

һ٣໥һۺ,һսս˳ųһ񣬽Ͱ͵˵ӣǲܡȳٴμ,˵ϾԸĸ¿¹ʥּġ¹ʥּٲ˺Ը檣

ѳš֮䵽زΪԸ檵ĴڸոšٷͬĴֻºϣ

ŭʱԸ˻һȵããһӲˣҵĻҲˣáãһ˵˼á

һ޲˺Լģ̾һؿųšϸ˵źαô㿴Żˡᵽ֣ˮƺƺЦԿһۡһļ̬,ԿȻǾ۲ֱ֮ǹ굴ǣɿȥ

⸱ģ,Ц̬üϿڽһãȻЧá

ᵽԿ±תͷȥһתͷ˳ŷ𷢴Կһ۷ֿһԿһ˾üĿ飡

ȼյŭУӿͷģȴǺ޿ࣺ˷裬»ķոջķǼŮüĿţ

䣬бŮ޵

ź޵˼Ҳ˼,һǺ,Ҫ,ȴУǷ

޵ҡβѡʱһŮߵ󣬵ͷ˵ӣǻȥɣ,˵⼸ֺŮͬһۡ˵Ÿʲôӻط,õѵæǰǳӵųţưسתžסĶԺȥ

ĿŮųȥһЦһ˦Ҳ׼תŵߡЩµ˵ġЩˡлʺŵ,ʲôԼһһУһֲ©رתȥ,ҲûԵزҪֳֻܹţҲ̫ˡ



136ǲˣ



ص˱Ժ

ԼʱһŲԺ⴫ǽŲüͷԺϵǷǷʹط

ʱѿԺ䡣

ķԿ

£תͷԿ˻оƱ

Կ˵ˣղﲻǽҷô

ǲ

ʱԿվǰͷſ̵̻ķɣˮģȥˣȻģ仯ģֻ̬ȣǰԼ֣Ĵβǻϲӭ΢ЦʺĮ

ӣˣ

뵽ԿͷޣŷʱҲպ

תۣסŭʧȥʧȥ

վһᣬԿ˵ҪȥʺŷĿ˸˵ղŵΪ

˵˹˫ŷƺڴẦ£ţʲߡ

û̧ͷһھƣͷűлεľˮϸ˵ˣֻ˵һ˵ˡ

û뵽Ȼôƶ˵ο

Կһ

ͷķ渴ǸûʺŹŵĴˣ룬Ҳûô׼ʺġ

̧ͷԿ΢ЦƷЦ˵˻ʺ˵ʲô˵˵˵ˣʺҲŵģֻ

˶һʱ˵ÿһ仰⡣һʱĻҲ᲻οֲǺˣôС±㲻֪صֵʺͲ»ʺãֻ£

˵ϣŲ֪صش빬ţôΣֻ»ʺԶҲˡ

ǲܵģӸߵ˿ϳִص˶ࡣЩ˲ֵġ

Կɫе㷢ܾ࣬ԼУ˵ԼѾȢĳţʵǸûôû̵ķ

򱡴ü˼£Ҫ˵˻ξƱ˵β˵

Կһ߳һڷĶ¡

ؿԿĿһһᣬº͵ؿ˿ڣŷԿ̾ȥ¾ȥǺͺðɡ

ֿᡣ



ػԿǰľƱҺһں˵֪֪Ǻܸ˵ġ

Ȼûлػ

Կ̾һ˵ȢţʱҲвѣڣֻƽޣȻޡһԸ㻹Ϊʲôأ

˵ְϷ֣˵ϣ

һ£̧ͷ

ģ˳֣ԿţҲֻǾؿЦϸ˵˵֮䣬ԵѾˡ˫̾ͬ˵Ļġ

Կɫٱ䡣

ŷֳء⸾˵ĻУ˵ô˵Եˡ

ԼԸԼӣȴ˲׾ˣû浻ۣ˵ֱԽԽ

Կְżһְףࡣ

Ҫȥ뻹סˣҪ䣬һҲסˡ

һᣬԿʲôôҲҪˣҲˣ

ң

ô

ûеģûеġ

˵޺޺ѳԷѺͷǮ

Ҳ˵죬Ϊլڷ絲꣬󣬶꣬ȻƵȥš



ûмҡ

һᣬ΢Ц̧Կ˵˺һˣżġ

Ļ䣬һŲţһӹŴеڣ

ԿüͷͷϷ𽥽Цݣ̲סȵʲô˵һᣬԻ

ˡ

Կתͷ

ôһԿԵĽҵؾƱͷһڡ

ǾһָԼһơ

ԿѾƱżһţȻֳͷһɬ

һᣬеԿ΢Ƶ˵ңǲˣ



̧ͷ

Կ촽΢ִ͵˵ֻôЩʱգұӺѹãһϹͷ

̫̫ҲߵˣҲƺϰڷǰԼǷᣬҲ˵һ쵽Ĵ棬ǷһլˣңҪţš£Ҳ˲л˲ɸһ³ˣҪҺšһ쵽ģûиɵʱ򡣡

صִһԿƵ˵ʵۣҲ

ȻۣȻߵŮ˶ǽﻨ˳źκһŮ˶ýû飬ûûҹźһݹ˵ĳšۣ뵽ôֱϣҲֵõģڣϣȻҪ̺һʧĽŮӣȻˡ

ϧ˦űǱΪ񣬱ֻƽޣҲŻʼҵѪһ˦

ԿЩģ˵˵ţһǳ̾Ϣһ̾Ϣһߴƺȥƣ

ȻְοԼţǳ̺ļױǷģԼһǲܳΪȨ󣬳ɸ̻ǿԵġ

һ뵽֣һͷ㸡ԿԺƳƵֶΣԼҲԳΪ̵ġңҲദʱǶôİ

뵽ԿȻ̧ͷ˫ͬʱ˷֡

ʱһӷˣ㻹ȥɡеǿӲߵͣԿڳǰЦֺõģô

仰Կõ˵ǶС΢Цؿ˫֣˵ȥɣƢԴ󣬻յġ

˵ʵÿԿĶ÷

򴽣򴽣ٵȥǺűҪʱ䣬վתȥ

˼ԿȻͷŷһһ˵İɣһӶҺģ²Ҳ֣

˵ͷһ˦ȥ

Ŀ뿪

һŮߵ󣬵ˣѲɱ˼˿ڷԺͣġҲ֪￴طȻԿĻġ

ͷһЦҡҡͷġɻŮվ££ϵĺãᲽڡֻһŲ죬һ˵ˣмңԳĵá

ãͷˣѵˣܿǰ·ųģǰǴչǮİɣ

УǰûȥҲʱٴν˶ǡǴзܿ㣬ѧ˺ܶغ׼þڴˡǵõʱܿӲԼǮһԺ䡣



137 Ҳװ



˴ʣͨıԺŴ룬ֻһɤôôãǷˣܵܣҪϽӭ

һŮţūţǷ˶Ƕأŵ

һʤһĸ߿ǻվ

һԸ֪ģԺӣֻ»󷽷סӴ˺󣬰Ҳʹ

ͷҲأ˵ȥ˵岻ʣʵܼͣ´תټ

ǡ

˸ոת𻽵

ɻ񣬷ĸʹ˸΢ЦϾǹټҸڣ㳳ǲáҲȥɣǳԲѷŻһ

ǡ

ĸ߳

Ǹ˰ѷĻһ˵ļͻȻθȣɾʱһİνһǳļбӲظˡУһɭ

ҵؽŲԶȥǽŲһЦ˵Ҫư

˷˺󣬱Ժعƽڼ䣬ܿ˴빬岻Ϊɸˡ

Ц֮£Ƿ˿֮ˡʱǶ˵õİ취ǱŲ

ڷʱʱ䲻ټأȴҲûʮԵĺתУʱȥˡ

УŲ֪ǱȰ˻ôģһֱûҹ鷳ûҹԿ檵鷳

һۼ䣬ʮȥˡʱǰôůͣХţҲģ峿ʱ˺һ˪ǣʽ˺

ȼ̿޷Уؿ棬ۿҪˣҲ֪ôˣ

˵Ҳ֣ԴǴζ﷢ĺʱࡣ

һᣬ𻽵ˡ

һŮ˽

󣬾þû˿ڣе㲻⣬ŷȥʱȴüĿ΢׾΢΢죬е㺦ߣ

ŮݵҲı˵ȴ¸ˡ

ʱȳĽë˵һһЩʽӿЩϣɡ

ʲôݵģ

ŮƣӦһǣǰӹĲ顣

ͷ鿴һۣ棬Щ۷ʽڱߣּεĺװԱ߱ϵǼüģ׼õô

ֿ˼ۣŮһǸ׼ģ

ֻһƽĻȴˢһ˸ͨ졣ͷ˵㣬Ŭƽ͵˵Щһһգøȥ

ǰûж׼ѵ˼Щ˼𣬱㱻ѹȥֻһΣôҲѹȥԼ˵ҲǸµģЩȨɡ

һ룬¶ģɲ֪ôģﻹúܣ̧ͷŮ

ͷ˼룬ŮˬӦһת߳

һպ󣬸ʽ׶ѺͶ״Ѿƺã˼ĵ߹ȥĵڶ죬շžˡȻ׻λε̫оȣֱ˶ɻһ

һ裬ĥҪҪİһ£ʱһŲ

һᣬһİģе̰ĸɤ𣬡˿ڣ

һŮӦڡ

ѵõľӣ˹ʱ˵ó

ŮùΪѵ˵Ƿ岻ʡ˵꣬Ǹ˱ĻͷֲǶѵ£ֻһ۱¡˵ˣһˡ

ŮһᣬСĵ˵ʹˡ

ȥʰɡ˳߷ˣ̫ҽʵڲʵĻ̫ҽ

ȴ̫ҽҷˡ

вĻЦЦ棬Ǹ˵ڴ߷ˣҲϣִⲻϳⳡۻΪԺУҲǿԵġ

ŶȴǷȥˣ



ʱŮߵſڣʵ㿴

΢Ц޷ȥǡ

ǡ

Ů˻Ǹˡ

ǽԶȥĽŲ𰵰һʤҾͿԿʼֺ֮¡

תۼ䣬գԺַǷ

Ǹ˺κ󣬵ʱӦˡ

ϺĺãŮͻǵسӵ£԰ڵԺȥ

һԺţ㷢֣֡Уʱʱİ׳֣Զһڻ԰С

𵢸ôãͶѵ룬ǸǰȥģǳסԸԺ

ûпԺһЦ

ˣɡǸǸʮľӣԷſվǳŷУǱȴǲмͲͷġ

һᲽǰ

ոԷſڣһʮ˳һ۶Ϸ΢ᣬ˵ˣ棬˺ôųԼԺ߶Ŵô𣿡һмر˱⣬ԷõֹͲôﶼ֪и򣿡

һվڷĻŮɫһ䡣

ǱɫȴƸģͷһƵصˣһҲη塣

ȴǱ鵭ģӣһ˵ԭǹĹͣʧˡӸ˸µ̤Էš

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ϧܹأôԴǹ㲻ʲô

һ붫ԺಣŵǾ˾ಶĿУ˿ҲС˲١

ԺжʮȨŮЩУֻһ࣬λĸŮܿȻڡ

һЩȨ󣬷׹һԺȨ󣬶ǿĸŮġ

ɫ԰ţҲ˲٣΢ݵۿƵɫĳţﻹɷӣģûʺ¿ˣǻϧ֮ġ

ԿųȻǲڶԳġűģһпܲ˽ȵĴпʹƣ

˶Լ£԰׵÷ϣҲ¶һ˿

ûкԼԥһ󣬵ͷѡһλλã¡ɪģҪͻȺ˼ҪãԸȻ˲ٵί

뵽һͬݵĳţǿǿȥſһ߷ģǽǸˣϾôѪͳڣҲǱ˸ǵġ

ܿһۣüͷ΢û뵽ֻͷֻһλӣøղԼ˸žӪĴþһɨգν㣬Ȼʹһװˣ



138»



أܿЦһûпڣһһЦλǷˣмˡˡ֣ͷܿǹЦŷãɼ٣

ҪԼˡ

ǳЦУȻܿЦãҵҪġֻǰǣҲ㱻˸ˡӣɲǸġ

⻰һһƬ

о˿ԼĿ˱仯̾һ˻ϣôٲһأԶ

ʱһŮŵʵˣ¿棿

̧ͷ

˶Ŀ⣬𳤳Ľëȣ˵ʵԴ

˵ܿЦҪԳʱ̧ͷֱŷܿ˵˵ȷʵ˿ꡭǰǱۣܵ˲űŭı¹˽ա˸һܵˣұĥŹ죬ӺЩʱʹǻȥأ

˵ᣬϿңԳвǣִΪܿǡңڵǰǼ£ʱЩģѾ˴µˣ˹

ڹ˽ͷӶ˶Ūˣǰʲôʱǿܿ񣬱Щʲô

£ֲ֪˵ˣȻôţ˾Ͳ³׳˳һң

˵񣬷ܿɫڱ˱䡣

һǰȨǻʺʹǱģܿɲЩĿУԼʶ壬޴̵ۡ

ڷܿĥôؾʱֻͻȻ죬ҵؿһʤһ˻ȣǺӳµĲ԰ݣŮǲżһæǰһôŷıһ߼˵ˣǻȥҩɣ

һ߿һߵͷŮطվ𣬺ò׿ȵƽЩһ˻˵ʵ岻ʣݸˡ

һ˵һֿȻŮط

ô뿪ܿԱһŮʹһɫ£ǹŮӴһվڷǰһַŮһ̾ôôأعͷȥŵӱ岻ʣϢϢ죬ٻ̫ҽǰ

һ˵һǿŷŵߡ

ʱȴһ˺ѷεĿԣȵ̫ң˶ֱǳŵ϶ȥ

һףǹ˵ʹǿˡ

ʱվڷһŮǹ˸˸˵ˡҼҷѲ˶գҩкתģֻ˺Żˡ

һҲһ˵Ժõҩ˱أһ¾ͿԺȵġҩù˵ģһȾ飬ʵ͹˹ˡ

һ˵Ůһ߼ŷȥ

ݵģֹϣһʱ֮䵹ǹڵءǳ֪𱰵Ůȴ֪һ۵ȥ︮ڵӣüͷҲûһ¡

ۿԽԽԶּǹ޲ߵվڵأɫһ࣬ڵһվվһŮæ˳

ѵĳţǿѹŭ

ҲǲʡЩˣôǸ

ǣŷͳһŵӣ־޲ߡǰܲ˵ذ°ɣ

߳ԺߵŮһǷŵķҲֱͦЩ

ͷˣһ澵˵ˡ

һҲЦǰЩһǲġڳǺܶ㶼Ҫء

澵ֹЦЦ˵ȥҾϢɡ

һʵǵֹң

˵ͷ

ʱ˱ԺĹ⣬һȥ֨֨һԷű

һԺ˦澣Ըһһ

澼ƣģ棬˳ȥ

÷𲻳ɣŷܿǲʣеȻһʱ󣬱˸ȥ˴ͷ˶һһȥ

ֱŷܿ˸ţųضԺ

ԿһظԺ顱ͣͣ½Ųüͷʵ˭ôŸ³

Уβ˵ᷳ

һǰԿ˵˵

Կסˣȴǳ̾һ

תűԺ߻أذɡ

ȥˣ

Կ˵ȥ١

֪ոᲽһŮӶԺ̽ͷԿϲػˣӣˣУȲĻϲͽѡ

ֹŮһгԺǺüϲӣˣ

ŮǻϲԿɫ࣬޵ҵרŸӰܻūˣ

룬ϼһЦݣŲԺȥ



ԿӶԺʱʱѾˡصԺϴĵشһˣһС·Ժȥ

һᣬԿ˱Ժ⣬յŻԿüͷ˵ȥһá

ǡ

ǰùºһŮ洫ˣ

Կͷغȵң˵ֺȵúõĹʲôţ򿪣Ҷ˰Ųȥ

ԿеͲͷ˳Ĭһ󣬡֨ѽһŴ˿

һԿײŮᲽڡ

һߣһʵأ

˲ˣԴϢšһŮ˵ԿᲽ޷ȥæѾЪϢˡ

Կȴְƿײ޷С

޷кܰĻƮҩڷеŮȻԿ룬Ȼһ໥һۺ󣬵ͷ˺һ

˺ȴ䱸š

Կû˼ǣ󲽱嵽ǰ

ӰŲһ٣ͣ

ɫӵؿˣһᣬԿ

һŮҪǰӦԿ˵װˣ֪û˯š

ֱֱؿУתתᣬ£Ҷ֪ˡ鷳ˣǲǣ

⻰һŵķһǵһԿϡ鷳¡

Կɬ˵֪Ǹദġһ㣬㲻Ӧõġ

棿̫߳ˣĵĻ´档

Կ̧ͷնؿʣ˵ҴˣˡǲǲָҺڴˣֺڴˣ

˫ƣ֮˵ϻۣѴ뵽ӦԵķӡڣܲܰ뷨ӣ뿪룬ôûʧ뿪Ƕصǰ

һԿǶꡣңʱһһعȥѾãڴΪĳţµõڴٳ裬Լ֮ܽƽơصԼߡţֻҪڣ֮·ǻеġ

Գɻ㱻Źţ˳泩ŵԿ̵ظе̫Ѱˣǰǰֻûгŵӣʵڱڿʮһٱһǧ

Ļˣˣ

ˣʵԴ»𣬱ǳһʱſţŭǻᷢйԿϡԿҲǸ˵ˣͷūһûû˵Цûָذӣ.



139



Կĵ̲סƿ˴

ͷϣ̧ͷһƣ˪ڴؿԼԿ۾գգ

뷨ӣû˵ţ

ôͣԿģǱԼǿ

ȻҲ֪Կ֮˵ԭ޲߿ʩ˿

Ѱ˼ҪЦЦ˻ţţôôߵһôôߵһ

ǰһһǲǶǳҪ𣿳ϲһеҲϲţǰǰٱᣬٱģűƵñΪʱҲֻΪԼֻԿһ̡û뵽ôᷳˣôҪˡ

ǰ໥֣ضͷֲסһЦʱΪȽءȴû뵽һֻǳűΪˣʹùģҪ

ţԼĿ⸴Ӷ룬Կͷ

֪ôģ˿е㲻ҶϷĿ⡣

һᣬ˵ϾǱµѪǸܳ谮ģв־˵ʲôʱָֻĹʡɾ򲻿ͷ

˵һЦ͵˵ţɲͨ£Цġ

еƮЦҲǴųԿԹңڼ

뵽һضŷ˵֪Ҵû㡣ǣҲҲԱ˵Ҳ㣡ϣԵֱ׳

ûˣش㣬ȢΪޣԼΪƽޣʵ㲻㲻裡ϾҪǲǣ

һЦüۣ˵ɾˡ

Կе㵵У˫ۣƣ˵ɾذɡ



ԿǰĿĸûдﵽظ˵ˣôһжҲûУ

üͷԿվԭز

ʱһߵԿ󣬵ԼɾذɡίͬǿӲöࡣ

Կһߣŷһ󣬲֪뵽ʲô˳ӵص˵ͷº͵˵Ҿߡ

Ȼ˵Ϊ˵Ļкúһ롣

䣬תء

ĿıӰȥһջĿ⡣

ú͵͵Ц

ĵЦ澿һ澺ʵЦʲô

Цأ̿ЦţֻЦţôһ㯡

ֱ˺һᣬЦŽֹϢһŮ̲סҲʳʱ͵ͻصûʲôֻͻȻ֣ǰҲԹŵˣȻһ

ʲôҲԹš໥һۣͬʱɻ󲻽ҡҡͷ

䣬ѻָƽĮôˣô˹ĽһƷС٣Ҳˡô࣬Ȼû뵽»鲻һµķѾʼˣ

ȥԼϣȥĸĳ谮ȥϤʵѵۺ˵лһеѡˣһ£·δɣԧůţ˵ԻڶƣյЦ̻ûͱˣˣ

ǡЦ

Цˣ

ֵ͵Цһ󣬷˵֪ͨȥ˵Ҳˡ

澲У͵ˣԺǣˡʤٲðɡ

ȴصصŽˡ

һЦ˵ӦԼǡ

澰ѷ˼һȥԺϱҩ㣬ͷȥͣϢԺ䣬ⱱԺĲ

ѩȻʮ

УǱˣҲԸ߶ġǣԸ泵

ǶԺʱڵĺͽкüΣŮסǰ߿檡ԿҲһ߰˴Σû˵һ仰мǿҲ𣬻˯ŵķ

Ǵʮ

ԿվڷǰѾܾˡͷģһ˲˲ض

һᣬŴʵжˣ

һŮӦһʮˡ

һʮˣԿظһ飬˵ʲô

˵¯Ϩʱ¾ɲȼ֮ء

Կı˶

ߵǰ

ǰ£֣ҪϷԥ˰Σȴַˡ

һᣬ͵ͻ

һ

Կֻ

һ˼ҲʲôӦԿͻȻʵ㲻ӵġҶ࣬һ㵽ز

֪ǻͿϺİ׷ۣ졣й߲κ˶Ȼһ㿴һ͸ףѪɫ˿ԿҲˡ

ƺˣþö˵

ֹһᣬƽٴε͵˵Ϊ㲡Ϊкöʱ򣬶סķòãңǻصǰòã

˿̣˵мɣվڽŮͷָˮֲ˶˵˺ܶʱӡԭΪԼɾֱ֮˻⣬û뵽Ҳ˴ʱ

ԿÿҪ󣬶ŮڷУֲһһκԿҲټˡ˽죬ʧ̬ʱ߻ڿš

ˮ˳ָ£һһΡڴϵķȻɫףҲ

Կ̧ͷһֹۣסˮʵеʧ˴ĿǿҲһƬն

뿪оıǹ¼ţ׵Ĺ¼šǸһԵվ󣬶ᣬΪһе˲ˣһҹͻȻȴֻԼһˡ

;˳⣬Ҳָоôǿңڣ⣬ֲ⣬ȴƫƫӳĵǰͬɰáԣԴķ𣬶ʱΪʧ̬ʱһ֣ԼһеĿֻţ

ָоʧֱ̬ˣǰԿֱųɻᵽǰ꣬ڱǰֽξͬǵĵ֮УΪıµһӡʱȻֻǱ±һףɱεĺȨе֮һ䵽ΧΧ˶оǰ޼

ʱ򣬳ŵĹݣѽκ⡣ҪǷҪǻۣܹϸ΢ߣܰ㣬ʱʱȵˡ

ϧĬ£ڵӣźˣԶµʬǶҧʣ޼ܴһ֮

ǣʱž߳ס޷һߺžƣһšǣ˫ۣԺŵЦԼȴȫֻǸоԼȴֻһˣ

ΪǸѾˣûȫҪûиоʱˣ

䣬ΨһûģǺҩ



140 



ֿڷǰѾһʱž㱵֡һߣȲض˶ӲĲӡƺжһ̲ס˵ԼɾԷˣǿصġ

عͷЦЦصģԶԼ

ʱһһعȥڹһ䵭ޱȵ󣬲ֳһµķӭʤùϢ

ʤˣ

Ҫˣ

һΣֵǳ³һ޳̯ӣһػǿĵˣʽȷ³һĴ

ʱϲսپϲӱû뵽ĽǶȽӶСĴȡ档

һսǰǳ˽Ҳелڣս֮ڳ³´￪û˸£ûٸҵ˵г衣

Ҫˡ

ʤϢѹͷϣʱᱻսֵʽɢȥ⣬ǿʼԷ֯ţ׼ӭػظ

ʤùϢͬʱĻУԸķһʮĲٷ󣬱֤Ѳ˵ֻҪپʮ£ȫָ

Ȼ𲡺õϢûм˻⡣

ѽһզˣůůĴ紵ϣ֦̣ڵƮţеŮǣҲ˴ѡ

һУôá

òȬķȥһׯ󣬱ƿ΢Цؿ

ʱǰһһŮЦʱʹء棬ôˣ

ɲΧӵУʮߴĺǰĿ忡Ƥ𪣬ϹЦݣɲǷڻʹǸʱʹ

ڣĹ޹ȥˣֲǹʲôģʲô

ͬɻģ˽УһĶУ˵ЩʱʹΪ



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̸Ũϲؽţ֪ʲôͷɲһˣ

˵˴θڣһе˵ʱӣǰʱ̫ӣ

һ졣



֪ݲ֪շߵİ˸ױʵ϶дİսʿ·ǳǣһ·Իͣ

˼˵ʮǰʱ䣬ͥѪϴ꣬㱻ɱҲںϷˣ˵ʱֻǰ̫ӡֱһΣսϱ޵˼ʱĴ㣬ҲͱʱʺߵϳⲻʱʹϹˣװ

֪ϱʱͬһˣȴʮǰѷֿ˴֮ĺһˡ˵ͬһϣʵͬİ·

ϲؽУһֻ·ľͷһ֧ƺƵǧ˵Ķ飬л߽

߽ʱʹͬʱֹ忡ʹ̾һε֧ƺƵĶ飬˵һ仰ĿΣ˵ĵģûȤΣǸ˶飬ס·ˡ֪Уɢ˿мտĴͨС

ģӻϣǸ忡ʹش£Ǹ˶ʹʻȥ

һᣬǱ˷Աߡ

һֱרעŵķڷ׷忡ʹЦСӻ·أЩʹ߱Ȳظˡ£ԽԽԼˡ

һ과Ц²ҲǸʺۣɿܵءˣӳأ

忡ʹһں档һ٣ЦСӵǺ޸˻ûйʺʮò檣İŮҲˡ

˵αܵںҲ˹ټӱ**ԭеģֻССĸԺװˡıҡTҡͷ˵˵Ҳǹ£³ʵôͲ֪һŮСӣ

дȴֿңоԼɫȻãְ˰أüŬš

һᣬٴ̧ͷķһƽ

ĵλ͹Щǳ£˵ˣôˣôôأ

Ŭѹĵ׵ĲĿϸ˵ʹӺƺƵعȥ

һֱСڱʱʹ߶ӹȥмСʹǰ춼ˣЩԭʱϵеСʹ͹Ůǰ

һʱ֮䣬ǵǱһ˵̨֣Ƿڳ³µϣҲȻġɷôһմ󽫵ϣôôֹŹֵظо

ָоֹǷУԸУ˴ڽš

ʮ죬ʤù飬ſʼʻ붼ǡ

һ֣Ĺ¶˵ˣڽֵ࣬רӭĵ

Ҳ֪ôģȻƷµĹԱиٽֵģż˾ۺڸӭ縮ڲٽֵģǾ͵һҴСֵص

ΪԸһۺڽֵԣ󲡸ոȬķҲˡ

һֱװһֱųŵˡˣǸʮ˫Ŀεض

Կ˸㺬ЦӹŮɴñصȺ

һӺݵķԿϣ¶һĨϲɫתۣ뵽ǰӭģüͷ

Կߣһİ˲Ҳ˲صŷֱҪˣϧӲûһۣ潻һ¡

檣ηηʵʵվں棬ǵͷϰ˵üʱҲŬԼۡż޹⼸£ǿԽ財ȴòųšⲻŹ˼£檻ȻûյĺɫǿԿҲ¶ֺá

ŵһͻȻһᣬ˵˵ʹ͸˶ҸʵĺˡǸʲôʱһ˵ӳ׽޵ġӵŽ檣ȴ֪᲻Ҫĳùĵͼ֮

˵ãЦ

ЦоͶģ޵Ŀ⣬ɴñµݣ΢΢һɹŮ˶ͬûҪɫˡж壬꣬ҲôԼҲֻıӻһ㣬ô˵ﶼܾԼˡ

룬е㲻

ż˵תԿҸ˵ЩõòҪ˵Ļɫɲջˣ˵ǸһЦЦûûעԿĸ

Цһ󣬳ֿ𣬼ڳ𰲾ɴˣĮĿҲ̬ԼԿң

ɫһ࣬Цһҭ

˵֮䣬ʵǽꡣɣķޡĿڳźԿϻ渶̸Ҳɫ˥ۣ֮ȴ㲻檡ҪĻһΣ뼸λһˣϽϵؽȥĸбѡһҲˡˡ

ӲؽҿԼ˰˵ɫ䡣Ųһ׼ʱǰͻȻ죬ȴڽֵС



41  §ڻ



Ⱥ˲ʱм˲ʵӷͷ̫ˣÿ˶˳ȥǶԽԽӰ

ҲǣƬ̣Լе죬˺üҲ޷ֹ궯оԼڻϲš

ԽԽ죬ҲԽԽ

һͷؿԽԽӰʱ̣ûע⵽źŮʱʱسһۣûע⵽Կɫ

ֻǣе죡

תۼ䣬һ׽£˵ҰС

⣬ůůϣϡһ˲䣬ееˣʧˡֻһſǸӰ

һֱǷ˾ģһֱ̣۵̫һ㣬Χȫȥ֪Уֵе˶ס˺ԿЩĻˣƺݹ壬Ҳ˺һڰУֻС̢̢ԽԽԽԽ

Ҳ֪˭ͷһֻ˷ӿȥǣոջ֮Ľֵһ˲˻ĺ

ɽ˺У󣬴Įͷغɢһһһǰγ彣

ڻЦ⽣ر̶֪У˽Ųһ١

˰ΧȦ

һתۼ䣬ѳڰٲ⣬ԽԽüۣ£ﲻһ̬˫

ʱ￴

ſ¿һһ䣬ﳯһ㣬ͻȻ١

ŷķ񱼶

ʱֵͷʶƺһ壬˫Ŀ֮

ڷ˺Уֱֱس嵽ǰ

һͣ˱Ȼͷ

ǺεҫۣһһĿһ˫ĿҲƽһΣǧĿС

ڵһ£һ죬˳벽

Լʱɷ˫һУűЦҪˡ

֣дᣬ𣬹

һ£Ǳŵˣ˲ʱסˡ

Ŀתؿŷ˫Ŀⶢκݡ

Ǽѣһȣֹӫ֮£ɴ˶óԲһˡ

οŸ˵ķƩ



һʱ֮䣬źԿɫְףˣʱҲڲȥĶʼɺͲʡ

Ե΢ЦЦݼֻýӲ

ججУֻһ뷨ô˿ˣҶҲûã

뵽߳Сַġ

һ֣סоڲбɵѪɫУһЦϧ

һһѷ𳶵ϡ

§ǰһµĿǰȥ

վһԿǲŵؿһĻȻѹŲһ٣˳

ųһ㱻˽ץסץסģǳŴһֿͣ˵ԼɾҪǵ˶֪ڱ˻𣿡

⻰һԿһݣӲͣ½ŲһŲӣ̫̫

һ䣬űһԼɲǽģ

⻰رԿջ֮ʱҭػعͷųţһһ˦ȥ

û뵽һҶԼ֣ߵ˶ǳصģ£һ껤סԿ̧֡ԿǻԼɾʲôط

Կѹæط֣ϳеĺŭŵڣôûпסһ£ֲðȫˡ

ʵʱ˵Ŀⶼ׷ϽˣԿͳŵһû˿

ﻳУоĿĦԼϸ۵ļо§Լֱ۵Ļȣ÷ɿ죬Ҳǵͨ졣

鼱궯УͷˣҲܸо˷ͶĿ⡣

У̫䡣ٶഫţҲԶһ͡Ŀã˵ľ޷ġ𾪣ֵг˶ݵİ

޲ðԴؿ͵һЦ˵Ҳ֪˵С֮ˡϢůůġӶ룬÷һ֡

ˣһ侲Թ£Ƶ˿ˡ

⻰һ뵽ǺƺƵıʱʹ뵽ЩС뵽λĹ뵽ˡһ֮䣬ȥ

һЦ§ͷ㷢ϣ͵˵ȡұЩ˿֮ˡ

ڵһ£֪жεóˮ

ֻһ˲䣬תۣѹ

˵ʲôֵ͵͵˵Ӵ˺Ҷվڷ˿֮ˡҲգǹҲգҲգҲգֻһˡ

˵Ǻܸˣгһߣ㷢䣬͵Цû

ѹסҵ侲ҲöԡڵƣֻҪһĺӣ˵лЩʱʹ߹ҲѰ֡

¸ǻ׳ҡ

ֻֻ˼ѰĿأŻͶŻ֪˺ңǳ׵

뵽Ȼв֪ôģһѬѬȻƮƮȻĿֿ֡˵ã˵ԲֱΪ˵ƽһγܡ

ʱֵб˵ѻعǣ˶ðѹѹȥˡ

УͻȻ䣬һŮļ

Уһʮ߰ŮȺһǰָ˵ɣεºܣ

ŮͷĿضдʣ˶ǣңҲʤ㻳и˶ӡɾε§޹˵İûԸ

Ů˫쿪Դ٩٩࣬ĿУźεİĽͲʡʱемͶʼɣΡ



һ죬㰴佣ʡоĶְϡ

ͻȻ͵ϢУ͵˵ֻǴֱŮӣﲻ

ܵͺֻܵͣõ

˫۶һᣬЦ䣬һ簢֪ˡ˵һ͵ڶ㣬һѱ

˵ڵһ彣

彣УŮأ԰ͷŷĵĴ۾оͺ⣬еأǸˣмңзҪôžһԸģ뽫һޣҹҲ

УŮŷٳһ̵

ĭԼ˫ۣ

ҲǶôΰˣ֪Ů˵⣬˵ָʹӲҪĽײʲôӣ

Ůŷ³һ̵µ°̧ø߸ʱһɾһ磬»һĻȣشŮ

̡һ׵ĽŮЦŵӣһתۣԺ͸˹

ŮߴߴĽոջһ¸Ȼֹԭŵģ۷׷׵·ˣһơ

һ

ųôһ飬һѪŮ˿ͬʱɴһ˫ԭȴɵۣӲͦͦȥ

ĬУ˺һ½ǣ˹ذѽϵѪøɡ˵֮ˣҲ𣿡

֮ˣҲ

죬Ҳ̫Ҳһļ̫ġǣ赭дһ仰Ѹٵش˵ĶУѸÿһ䡣

ϢУɫ԰ףҲһЩ໥һۺȥ

̢̢̢ٴһΣ˸ˡ

ǽȥԶӰһţеⲻܣôܣǷһţþȫšĻŮ۵ýģ˦ÿ

ţﻹڼУôܣôܣƾʲôƾʲô

ƾʲô˰ƾʲôܵԼܹģȫĵĺǻ

УеŮʼɷ𣬿ֻгżˣôŵģģ

ǸˣҪɫûɫҪûһĸˣƾʲôԵõһҫƾʲôԵõôһӵ䰮ˣ˼̤ƾʲô

ûͨһ㣬ԿҲܡľȻؿǽԶȥˣһθаҲزˡ˳ôܻ

ԽǸоһ㣬ԽܣԽǲʣԽʹģͶֻãҲоӸµʩᣬпᣬвмڣȻ˿ʹѵ֪УǾ÷ˣֵˡ



142 



˿̣ԽԽȮڹﷱĿУ§ŷѪɫ΢УĮɨܡ

Ŀ֮˲صͷ˿ҲһЩŮеøˡ޼ɵԸǸӿȡ

ʱЦֵԽԽˡ

˵ȻͷģƺܲĿһЦ͵˵Ҳûãų˵Ŀˡ

֪˵öԣеĻšĻţҲ֪ĻУǱ㶢š

һᣬһ̧ͷ

̧ͷ˵Ŀ⣬𳤳Ľëȣһᣬ˵ʱҵΣ

Ͼδڱôһ§Կ£ƺҲڵˡ

תЦڻĥսĺϣˣ⼸ûң

뵽ʱʳ⣿һʱ֮䣬̵ֱö޵ˡ

ˣһЦ

ʱ˺ü˫ֱֱĿ⡣ʱ򣬶Ƕ࣬ǰһˣ磬Ÿ߹Ʋɲע⡣

̧ͷ˿ȥվǰģһʮ߰ŮŮĸƫǺˣǰļˮĴ۾µ޿޵٣ȴһŮ

˵ȽŮһ飬Ⱥֶһݾµš

ض˼ۣſ࣬վŵģȴǸıʱʹǸ忡꣡

˿̣˶̧ͷ˲Ҳ˲ضŮۺ󣬱ת꣬ȴһֱգҲգؿŷ

˲ʮҲһڶŷЩ˶磬װ죬ǿ񲻼㵣ֻܿӡ

ЩǳĺʹˡЦЦûпڣֻǱʱ忡ʹ߳һǰ﹪һЦº÷ɣ

˶³˵ǹͣ£﷭ǣŰϵķ΢Цʹ߽

ȳһַˡվѪɫһϮɫʹھУһֲҵѪɱ֮ʻһʵܱȡ߽ǱĿŮ֪¶һĨϲ

ʹڣŮ˳ʹǰ棬ͷ˵Ҵûмж˵۲תֵ˵ҽӳϲˣأ

ö֮壬߷ֱһø

һۣһĨºͣȴû˵

Ů˱죬ת𣬴ӳתｿ˵ϲһˣҵ˵汧ϲС°ͣӳˮСĸ˵СʱǼиԵģ˵˶ѪԵģˡ

Ĵ㣬ʮǰ޸ʱҵģӳĸˣΪСĸס

ӳĻͱ飬û¶⣬ôһֱɰŮﴽһЦ˵Сĸף𣿡

ʱ귽˾꣬ôȥˣǸ㣬ûʲôӡ󡣲ЩշתҲһЩ¡Ǹ㣬Լĸ߸˲£ȻסĻʺ֮λ˵Ǹдµˡ

ӳ𣬵ͷֵ˵Сĸ׺ܺðҸҲϲȼ˵ͷһᣬ첻˵˵˵Сĸˡ˵Ľݵģôأ𣿡

һɹ˵ҴǰĽݣˡԺֻҪˡ

𣿡ӳ˵ֺܺء

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ʵСģȴҲֱӡ£Ů׷Ź⣬棬ٴú;顣

ﶢԼӳѵõһ£ͷСС˵Сĸ˵³ʵˣ̫죬ֻ²˵Ҽ޸Ļ³µ۱˼׶ء

գգۣӳ̧ͷִ˵ǲ᲻λ㣿ҲȢһӺòãҸʱкüʺء

ӳĻ͸ǿ䣬һϵ˵ˡңԵôĳֿ

һʱ֮䣬ĳǣ¶ͷͬʱڴؿͷ

תͷ˷

˿̣Ȼϣӳ˵ÿһ仰Ҳˡ³òԱ飬ҲԵôɰ룬ҪĻֻ¾ܾˡ

ڳ˵Сҹ͵ϴǸëѾҩңǰǧͶ߿ʼгɫıҸһתˡ

ǰ֪ܿһעҪ߸ϵġ

룬ȴ޷ԼƵؿڻһЩ

ˣضУüۣ֮

˷

΢ƣ¶һĨӳ˵ǳЦʵΪΣ

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ӭĿ⣬ҲӭӳЩʹǵעӡ

³ؽë¶һߵӺݣ˵ؽУ˵Ȣʱȴ֪³֮ʹ˴ɱعȥ

һ仰أѻȸ

һεôˣرǵŵ˵棬ε˵ԼĹ۵㣡

۵㣬ޱ侲糿ĺһ㣬ص˵У

ǰʱ̫ӣȢ˱ʱĹΪޣǳ³֮𣿳³Ļʵۣ

ǣľѣ

ü˫Ŀⶼ͵ؿ

ӳһ˲˰ףǿЦʱվǸ忡ʹҲĿȵؿ

Ҳ

ӭĿ⣬ǳǳһЦĿһޱȵӡ

ֹ֪ⷬǸѣֹñʱ˼˺ޣֹںģᴫ¶У³󳼵ĶС

˵ֻվڷ˿ڣŲɱⱻ㵱§һ§ǷǲġҪʾԼĲܣҪԼıվϾǸ֮ʵǿЩҲǴϻЩ˼ɻġοڵбסıˡ



143 



ĬУһЦԱʹ߹˹֣һ󣬷ٴΰѷ§ڻС

Ż̢̢Ķ飬ǰʻȥ

һߣͣ˵ˣҲƶˡ

ӳؿԶȥӰһᣬһţŲ죬ʹ棬ƶ

ʹԽԽˡ

ǰΡȻĹţͻȻ˵ط治ϲᣬֹֻ

ˣüۣδš

ʱ§§˵㲻ϲӳ

дƶҲЦ⡣

Ȼ޷ش仰ǲϲûϲŶ

ֱսһᣬԸӴѯʡ

һ㵣׼˵Щʲô뵽߳Լ⣬ûһŮ˿֣㲻ٿ

һߣŷҡڵʹһߣҵᣬߵĽ˹

ԶԶϵĻʺ󣬳ű˫һ졣ֻ˼νѵҲ֪ȣǿˮɵسŻʺһĸ󡣡ջϼԼǴˣָĿڵʺ

ʺ

Ų԰׵ǿŵˮʺа̾һ뼸ǰӻǺεȵعʶĿ裬Ŷòˣ

ϾԼʮĺӣȻйڿţʺº͵˵⺢ӡɡ

ǡ

Ÿоʺ⣬ϲسһۣæᲽǰ

ڻʺ߹ɵ¡

Աùϲĸǰʺ˵˰ɣһ㡣

ǡ

һС㣬ССһڣԿߵǧ򽻴˵ڻʺǰôСôôɰôܲûʺϧ˵кת

ֻǰʱģ޸Կļܾ˰ۺͳЩԭǰ󣬶мӵո࣬ڿǷܱ䵭Զԣ䳰ȷ׿ֻ͸˵ˡ

˵ЩˣԿ̬Ҳһղһա̬֣¼䣬˵ܵˡ

ʱʺºʹȰǸԿɺã

ʺԿҲգһԿۿһ죬Ҫ˵ɧһָı⡣

ҡͷۿȴǺģ˸Ʋ֣»鸾ǰᵽЦտϲģ

ڵһ£ʺɫһ࣬˵ʱΪǰʱ֮ߣһҲû뵽ѴʱҾ֪ǲһõġеıӳһš

ʺеĲƣе㼱ˡĸˣܼʺ󣬿һ棬ûʺԼҷϲˡĲ˵ҪԿ֪£һյġ˵űϾǰԿģ˽ﻹ治ԸԼù

뵽æ˵ǺõģŷǸŮˡ𻹰գһ𣬳ŵŭ㲻һ̲ס̧ͷڴؿŻʺҧ˵ĸܲʲôӰǸŮ˸ˣ

ᵽ𣬻ʺȴü̾һ˵Ǹ˰ղű»ˡҡҡͷʺǰҲϲղţ¿ġ¸ղŻ˵ǸǸϻ֪µĸˣҲֲôҲҪ˵ģƾһ䡮Ȣʱȴ֪³֮ʹ˴ɱعȥľʾ㲻һõ˵óġ

ʺţصҡͷǸ˵仰ʵǶ㸸˱µġ⴦£ǧᣡ

˵󣬻ʺȴóɫһ࣬һʧ

ŷߺŲʵĳţʺüŶǰ̫ˣ棬ʡġǷϸôӣҲû밢Կ˼⺢ӣô벻ͨأ

ʱ˵Ŷ㲻֪Ǽôɶ컹˵һͻֽӹȥ˵ȥʲôġʵڲġ

ȳ˵꣬ʺѴĻͷ˵ȥԸʲôſ磬ʺﻹ֪֮˵⻰Ƿĥţ

ҡҡͷʺƣ˵ˡһ׼˵ȫǸˡȻ㲻Ը⻰Ҳ˵ˡҲæǸ˵ݣҲһ̣Ŀӻںͷء

ʺ˵ȻһʣȥԿΪްǵ֮£ⰢţȴֻһûбҪ֣ԸĴ¶ˡ

뵽ʺһʧ

ĸ²һ棬ģʺػ˻֣ˣȥɡֱ

Ż˼֪û˵ʺҪˣ¼̧ͷϻʺƣޱ죬Ҫ˵ʲôǱߵŮ˳ȥ

˹ţŻǻججƵƵؿȥŮҪ˵䣬ȴס죺ԼӲʡµӣһܸıģ˵Ҳûáֻǿϧһλᡣĸ²żһ氡

ڴżͷº󣬵ܵ˱·Ϊ󽫾

󽫾ߣλ䣬ӡ緣ƶǱرַ߰ġƷȴȨصְλ

Ȼ󣬱¿վķ˵֮ˣ˴󹦣΢ʱһˡҲգȸҡ

Ҫô淨û˵ȻҲʡ

ǣʱȻδôˡ

뿪Ӱһǰ˵ºβ⸾ǲ

²˲٣Żǻ軨˫ۿԽȥԽԶˣҡҡͷˣ£̫ʩ֮٣̫Ҳ֮£̫˵ͷ

ʱ˵ÿǸвŵģĳٿ

ȥ

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֪뿴Լô´׵֮ǰշ󽫾λ䵽ʵ

뵽ǰһ

ոտıһůȴս֡

оƵȣһůůġͷѵ⣬ںڵŽɣ

˵ͷ

𴽶˶˵ûлسʹ߱ȸϵˡǲ㣿

عͷ

㿴ŷȻһЦ紺ůЦУָŷ˵һšﲨˮصᣬѽأ˼ǰ˼ַһ̾һͻȻ˵ҿ㣬Ӳûûã

һԵ̧ͷŴУʢ£΢Цۣؼ˼£һ˵ζĸжů⣬ů͵ģģɲ֪Ϊʲô۾еɬ

ʱԶĹſڣһĶ磬㣬ôųѽ͸׽·ʶѾãûа⣬ŹͻϲǸӳ



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ӳ죬ɿ˷һۣ𰲰࣬˰úܽȴȻ·һ쾭¡

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ӳգգĽë˵磬˼Ҳᷳ࣬Ҳǽдġϼʱڳı飬æˣҲõš

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ûпھܾӳϺͨͨģ˫ؿŷ𣬽ػ㣬أһɡ

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֪ӳڿʲôǲϲԼٱ§϶ѡ

Ҳûдʱ˵³ͻȻصʱôһ֣ܶ±㲻˵ˡ

ƽ˵ͷתӳ

Ůһʻˡ

ϣӳ˫ؿŷ𣬺һᣬЦۣ÷أʱĹûмȷ㻹ɫġŴϡ

ǳǳһЦˡ

ڣӳŲǰǣŷ䣬˵ڸ˵ˡؿڣͷ˵浣Ľղϲҡ

ùʲôҪ˲ϲ

̧ͷӳĴ۾УԼĵӰӰУƣ

ǵģƣ

Կı޺ͳŶһӣƣһһ߿ܣ治ǣЩõĶԹСӮΣûһڵġ

뵽ƿһʶĻǰԸӿɷһ

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ǻ˵ͷֵԺ˵գԸʻȥ

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ֻǿʼתۼ䣬½صԽԽ࣬ЦУʱ˳

㣬ڿʲôѽӳϼֱۣʵΪʲôͻȻ뵽Ҫۣ

ͷ˵ǰұĻţҲҡӳʿգգ͵ĴУ˵ˣ㺰㣬ʵܲ𡣡

ӳû뵽˵˫Ц˵ʲôѽ첻ӵ˵İˣôܲأ˫գСС˵ǱҪΪˣ

ղŻ˳ȢӳĻӳȴǴûһȻ̬ȼ

ЦЦ

ֳĬˣӳգգۣȻЦš

һᣬһţһ˽ˣҪĶ

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˵գߵڻԣҪһƥ󣬷

ŷһһ˲Ǹʱ忡ʹԴ֣һֱȤؿ״ӳ͵ЦǲԴ⣿

Уû

һ࣬һҲսԼ˵˵ļʽĳȴһլġ

ӵͷŮҲΪģģɷһˡҲãӣôҲᱻȢΪӡ

У졣𴽽ǺЦ

㵱ӳװЩ˾ãŮ֮飬Ҳ֮飬ҪõһԸӣɷȥŮǲǸ֮λ

ңȢլܼҽӵģݼ࣬սģֻ̡

ȻԴӱ㱻Ӱķ˵ֱûǸѧһɷķ˵մֻۣΪֻЩһİɶֵǷŹ

һʹŵ۽һ뿴˷һģ˫һС

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𲻵￪ڣһ΢Цʣҷ˱ɡ

ʹüڲؿȻ֪ʷǺηʥ

°зһЦ˹˹ĵ˵ղǸȰɽǲǳ¼ҳӵĸˣҡ

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ʣ㵱˵棬дʹȨ˷

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һһһΣԿ˵һ߳

ԶԶլԺһڡǷ׷ͷ⿴

ոͣ£÷֨ѽһ򿪣Կţܿ꣬Լʱĸˢˢǰ

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ԿҲڿ

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𻺲ϲԿһ˵ȥˡƽҲ򵥣·ֻһͨˣԿ˵һ

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ʱվһķܿȵһЦеӴĪˣ򻹲ءô

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ᵽݣЩˣÿαֻ仰Ըô

ЦЦֱͦü紺˵λˡԼɾ·˾ģԻһݡһ仰أԿɫ䡣

ҲЩ˶˵ʲôԿ˫һʱˣ𻹵ʰɾౣء˵գתߡ



145  



ոתܿĺ㶸Ȼ

Ȼֹ

عͷ΢Цؿܿˡ

ܿǺס˷ȴֹ񣬷ķͷһʱκ˶֪֮ˣΪҲһеĹŮ֣ݣĿأͳԷܷ񶨵ġ

ղţ˵ԻһݣһǸͲɡ˿̺סֻʶظһѵҪô⡣

Ǻס˵ʲôأ˵ʲôܴأ

΢Цؿŷܿͳţ΢ЦǱõɫˣİþǰڽŵ¼̤ƫƫȴǵ⡣

ܿ˵˹֣ǳЦ˼Ȼ޻ǰˡ

˵գתߡ

νסԿԿߵֽһ

ĿӣЦǳԼɾΪȴվǻʼѪݣƽ޵λôˣ˵£ڳҲпġ԰ɾ֮ӣĺã

һ䣬ܻļеסڣ˭ʳ˵ģһޡƺĻﻰ⣬˶ʩһ㡣

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Ϊϳ಻ԼԼʵڹֲɷ

ΪԼǰŵģСŵģʱʱŴӵĹ֮ˣǰԼġ

һֱΪֻԼ

ڣȴش˵Уûмʹ΢⡣

ȻǼŮ£

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װ׵飬װ׵ľװҲûа취

ȻһֱӣԼأԼʲôԼΪ˴λݣΪʧȥȨǵغΪܳ赱һʲƽޣȴԭԼҲǼٵģ

ʲôʲôҲûˣ

һʱ֮䣬ֻһƬֻֽޱȱֻǰһն·͵أ˻һƬ

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ԿѪһ壬ֱһæѿĿջأų߳һеţţ

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ǵѪвͣӿҲڲͣţɣϲң

ɣϲң

һһ䣬һһ顣



͵ʱУԿڼصţ˵ҵȻϲ㣬һֱϲģԼŲͷ

еĻУֻһ˳ŵĶճյҡҡͷɳƵģ˵ƭҡɣ㿴ʱɫģûвͷ

˵ţ˵ţţЦɲ֪ôģȴͷһᣬ˹ȥ

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ǰҵĳأһЦüۣõתȥ

ո߳һعͷһͷԿһ߱Ƽ޷ȥһȴؿ

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ͬʱسԺ￴һۣתᲽ

Ҫ뿪ԿɫһףȥܿסԿ䣬ŭͺȵ಻ţҳһʲôҲûˣ

⡰ʲôҲûˡĻʱԿͷؿŷŭķܿԿͻȻûһ

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ᵽԿѹ˻ͷ˵Ѿûйϵˡ

˵仰Ųһ

ԺĶҲв٣ʰ˰ʱ󣬷ʣµ¶ǣԼżȥ

УоԼϰµ޷ƽɴóһһۣ

֪У

֪Уһƶһй롣

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һۿǼۣüͷֳһü۴Цʵҵģ

ֱ۱ŷѵԵӦһҪӹۣͷûдأһɢġ

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Ŀ⾧Ө˵ӺܺŮˣ͵͵ظΰɡʲôʱĪ˯ʱ

дһֿ·ȡһ

෴ǣģҲš

̧ͷ˵˫ۣ֪ôģһ죺Ҳǵʲôʱסģǲ䣬αӡԺܶΣ˯лƱ˺öÿĽء



146 



ߵͷ˫ˡͻȻģ˫һ죬ѷ

⧲֮£𾪽гＱ£

ţģżֽ߼⣬ϷšԽ§ˣѹɤӵ˵һسǲҲ㣿ٱһʲô

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ޱ˵棬ôˣؿڣ˾Ͳˡ

˵գѷԼ˫սһЩֱãűɷԼ޷ȥ

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УһˮŮͻأش磡

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Ů죬Ц

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仰ֺĸ裬Ųͣس޷ȥ

Ժеȥ׼

ǡ

һ·һֱѷ𱧵ýáʱҲ֪ܵص˵˵ʲô׼κؿϣҲŲ˵ʲô

ʱӳӺ˹ﲻãģƽ˵磬㻹ûȢطأõġ

ӳ˵ô໰һ䣬Ϸˡæ

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޷ң˫գ۾ˮķӳͷ

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תۣ߳Ժ䣬ͣĹ㳡ȥ

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

ӣȴ쳣ᶨڻʱ򣡡

һ䣬ڵػͷ۾

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ŻԿ˹ϵֳһϵеĳţһŭ֮°ΪԿƽޣ㺬ųͽ֮⡣

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һ̲סӱзһߣڵתܡ

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ϰ֮ˣһǸ˵ĽŲ

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ˣеӡӳߵŮ

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תۼ䣬ʧԡС

ڵű¹ʱĮµģÿʮ£

Ӧǡ

úԺĽ䴦һΪʲôܶŲͲʡ

һӿЦˣСչˡһϲŮһ⼸кתҲǷ֮ʡ



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Ųͣ

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ͣתͷ

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ӳһۣüͷ΢Żˣ㡣

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Цݸոţѵ˵ʱˣȥϢɡ

˵գǣŷ֣һһεĳǰȥ˼ӳĵһ˼ƥءһƥѾѱˣ͸㡣

·һױĺӣڵŴ˵Ļϲ

һĻӳְ˰סʱһʹߵ󣬵̾治֪⸾ʲôõģֵԶԡ

ӳͷȱߵսˡ

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149 ж



˻ںЦţʵеЦǸǹ̫ģ˵ǹж꣬ƽǺɫʹǰף뻹ͦаաϾ̫ҪȢ˵ǵõǹǽǹһ֮ոǴпΪֺ£ҪԿܾ˰ɣ

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֪ʧȥеԶһЦӭƮôķŵôſԣ



151 ƣۺƱ



ʮһ󼸸СʱۺƱءλ֪ڷۺƱĵλãϴµһ찡ٸҼƱڵɣλˡ

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Ը˺ڰĽֵС

һֵʮ־ٵܻѣѴյͨ

Ļݶʵ㱧ʱʵǿһȵ͸Ѵůůġ

̫ůˣеˡ

ʱʵ𣬸ղ㺦£е̫࣬óˡ

ҡͷ΢Цһǳ˾̬ȣ֪׼ΪңҲͲˡ

˫ս㷢䣬͵˵ϻۣá䣬Ҳǹ¾սϲԶĵűȵˣĴݺͳȣо̤ʵ

ʱ͵˵һ䣬̫Сһ˵У

սʵ˵ʲô

͵͵ģ޵شҽܿġ

еɬһ㶣ת۴ϲŹһЦҲ˽ֵʱ߿ڷ㷢Ϻһǣ˵ϲˣνңĶᴵһ䣬ҹԡգ

ڵһ£ֺˣҧŴһۣյͻ˵

ɦɦͷƵ˵ţ˵˵ʲô

һ£ҭסˡ

һ˻صʱʱѾ硣ﳶŷЦ䣬ҴҸ鷿

һߣúһ

ϣ˯ǰδеĺãλЦѹϧεʲôȴǸǲס

ڶת۾͵ˡ

һ磬ڻʩʩȻţʹйȥ£ûκϢûϢ㵱һжûз

ϵһߵ㱻Χ۵жûд￪ȥǿΪһ

˿̵ʹйݣѾסˡбʱС

ʹߣǱʱʹסĵطȥʱӳǸ忡ʹڻ԰

ʾ˲ͨеسŻ԰ȥ

һϮɫģĴѡûѣţȻ˶֪ŮģҲ岻Ҫǣ֪ͥʵǲӭЩʹߵģڲõĳͥǨŭǰ£ŮѻһĳЩˡ

㣬𴩻Ѷ

Ժˣտʼֻһۣţһһ߿Ȼӳ忡ʹҲͷ

ӳһοķһϮѣ磬ȹƮ㷢һƮڶǰ۾ķ˿ֳһ͸Ӻݵ

ӺݣȴּǷϣƮȻȴƲɣĮļį

ſţӳһĿȵؿŷ𣬵߽ǽ֮ŮĿе㱣еʧ񣬡ŽӣʶţȻ֮ˣȴֱղſ

ʱ˶ڽͥһ˵ᡣ£ǿģŽͥӵܵÿһã긴һĳУȽ˻ҪȣķȻ֣һ¼ֳġһһ֪ʶǻ۳ѪѶ֪꣬ڶ⣬ġУʱУзߡ

˿̣ǳֵģһַȣһַ绪ӺݶƮ͸ŵ䡣·һ߸ϵˣԹ̫ˣﵽⶼ͸һֲɣν

һ̣ӳҲԵˣ̫ˡ

ſţӳ˫ͷ

΢Цǰ

ӳͼλʹ𴽽ǳǳһ΢΢һ񣬻ûпڣ忡ʹѹһЦվ˺÷ɣ

һѣĿƵض˵һڻʹУĳ˷ɣţأҲзһ̾ѡ

˵תͷӳЦӳò۷ˣȴȷѷɫӡ

˵⻰ʱֻڵֻǻһأӳɫˡ

̧ͷֱֱؿŷ𣬿һᣬӳǿһЦ˵ǲȻҲǰϲˡ

֪뵽ʲôŷһ˵ԺӳϹ˵գϯ

Уӳæһ󣬶һɺתߡ

ոתһᲽǰ˳ӳ䣬˵ɣ򲻿ɡ

ӳŲһ

澵ǰ¿һۣûע⵽ߣѹ˵ǷǴͳ³ǰἤŭǵġ

ӳֲ˲԰͵˵Ҳٿˡ㲻֪

һƣӳذдɺڼϡͷģһΣΣˮ˳¡

ŮæͳᡣӳһѽӹĨۣʵ˵ԴսϼҾʱ޿̲ԷҲһУĸǰףһ𡣿㿴ӣݵ±Ů˵ģģз֮ȥ

գ¼ˮӳʵûʱˣҲȥҪҪߡ

˵ӳڵ̧ͷ͵͵ģ˵ӢģҩҪغŷڷȥû֣˲ĴҲ鲻ġ

ӳ˫ڷ⣬˵ҩұǱȥҲ԰ˡҿԵȰأغһӦȢҵģ

Ůۣüͷ

ҡˣӳһЦ۾ãᲽ˳

ʱŮ˵ϰɡ˵գֽӹ˴ɺ

԰УȻڣԶԶ忡ʹڷǰ˵ŻӳһĨЦתָۣɵģ

Ჽӳػ㡣

涯ղһ䣬һת۱ָˣ

عͷ

ʱӳѾŲĽؿŷ𣬽˵ÿģҲҪȥһ

غУŮ˹ŷ΢΢һǴɺڷıǰ

ˮУӳЦ֪ʲộռѩɽˮѩһݹɡζɺأ㳢

˵ʱŮҲӳһӳԼıӣ˫Ŀؿŷ𣬵Ҳһ¡

˱ӣû͵ߡ

ӳӵһۼͱܵĲϲȻҲоõӳǲϲԼġ

ȻⲻɡһŮ˶һŮų⣬ⱾǺѰ¡

÷ģȴϷ¡ȥԽùĶ¶ˮԼϵģʹĿԴ

ʹУоģӳ

ˣڽǰʱ⣬ʹκζǰʱŷܿ򽻵عУ֪̫๬к˵ļҲ˽Ҫԡ

Ҫһֱ̫̫ᱣԼĳţҲᱻƵüٽԿݺˡ

ˣֻǸǱأҡţ̵

ʱĿǣɫز쿴˵ɫ

Ůͷ׸ţһûӳĿؿԼЦ˶û״

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ӳڴУѱӷڼϣҡͷ˵Ҳȡ

Ϊʲôӳ˵㣬㲻ϲ𣿡

ͷǣҲϲһ˵һ˹ضǱӣһѵصڲݵϡ

龰ӳϵŭһһʹס˵˺ôƢԣǹԹͶ㣬Թģ

˵Ůȵٸϣ

ǡ

ˮŮָһ

һ̣ԺеʹϵŭͻȻһЦ

ЦãȻ·ɽȪ

ЦУڵؾٴһбȪˮһ㣬ڲݵء

һ彣ǲ֪ʱˣѾŭɫѾν˹³ֵ߲ʹâһҡͷɹʱ֮ˣ۷ţֹ㣬ѧʶͬһ֪ˡطŵʿȱȽǣѲǲ˼ҵĶʱֵҲã

⻰һʹ¶һЩɫʱҲǹƽҲԷʾˡ˵ģʿһ嵽ѼСϹˡУڿ˼ѹ·ŴƻԲѵУ˯ԵҲУʶŮˣǰʹ޵ĸСЩ˵У֮⵹ƣֹưٱǧ

뵱ʱǻЩʿѣֵġ

ĬУ忡ʹ̾һ˵öԣҵˡ

Ǹ⣬ȴһЦʩʩȻվ΢ЦùˣҲˡ˵գôһ˦ȻԵõسȥ

ıӰһ˶û

߳԰ʱͣ½ŲǱصľڵסӳ˿ȥ

һۣ˫΢΢սղҵڶεʱӳıе㲻ԡĪǣҪң뵽ӿŲȥ˾￴һ



152 



÷û뵽ǣûм˾˼ƬҶӲŴһСе֪һ磬е˷ˣ

ҧԾˡ

ǴҴ뿪Се㱣ﾹȻɱһת׹վڵֻɱܱȫһСˣͳźͻңԼĻָʹ¶ģ㲻ΪˡҧԼжʧˣȻһԼ˶Լܱȫ塣

ָ˸ͷ𰵰ЦһҵôҲϴˡڻҲ׷ӰվǸ

ǣ˿Цôֻܰ̾һԺҵϴɡ

뵽Ҳûȥĺʹֱӻص

ɵϣͣػ쾭һС

Ѱ˼һᣬעص뱱ʱʹسһĻһĻԺг֡

УһŲֻŮˣˡ

䣬ƿţ󲽿롣Ľ룬һů

ҴվķüЦػ磿ȥʹй𣿡

΢Цȥˣʱʹֵ˾ȥһ˱ˡ

ﶢȥ˳˾ɫãǳˣ

ͷ鲽ߵߣ˵Ծˡ

һᣬ˭˿̣Ŀڶߣһͷ˾ˣò̫ࡣ

ȻüָüۣЦŮˣ˼̫ء

˵˼ء

ͻȻ䣬˼һҾ˼һء

뵽˵ȥʱʹʱӳ˸ҵһʲô̵ľƣӲҪҺ¡ûкȡ

˶٣˵ǾƣҸеס

ûƾûݵ£ǲӦø˵ġܶɷ򶼲ϲլŮΪС£Ҳɡ˵֪ӳĹ۸в˵ˣ˵ΪԼСۡ

Ķӳϲһء

üͷʵ̣ȷشͷãȥһ顣

һ

ʱﰺͷüеӰ

һСĵʵǷʲô£

ͷ˷һڵ͵˵ҽĻӸС

۾ԼͿݣĴ˶ڼ˵ȥǹҺȾơǾвҩ



󾪣æס֣˵ȥ

˽֣оСд¶ȣ˫ۣһЦЩҩҷõòءһЦϧ֪ЩҩҺȵÿɲ٣һûаá

˵Щҩȵÿɲ١

һͷʹؿˣźĿʱķæ§ס

§ؿڣ˵һҪúõġҪû㣬ҿô죿һȥġʲô£ٴϻ֣ҲвãЩǹ

ͷһ˲˲ģɫӵؿŷףе˼Ҫ̡ĩᣬܶĻݵ˺ɱɱ

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ڵ£ԭǲ˵ġɲ֪Ϊʲô˵Լķգˮۣǻ㲻й

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֪֪

ϲǣôش£˵

һֱ̲ס͵˵ǰӻŷ·ӡ⼸Уã˵ǰӣƵǵ˵»ʮ˵ǰ֪ѻȸУ˵ϢѴ¶С

ĺ

ŷۣһڷıϸţһ߶˼

ڣѲ׷ʷô֪ôࡣͨǰ׷ʹǷܵػش㲻ˡ

ԣֻţ»ڳʲôķˡ

ĻʮȻеȨһһջء

£ò̫֮λһľӪţֻŸšڵϢ󣬲һ˯š

дпΪ

Уʵأ

ҡͷ˶֪顣

˵ͷڷıģ˵ЪϢ˵գ߳

лıӰ֪ȥѰ˼ôλˡ

ڶ죬һֳ˸š

һΣҪСʹߡͬΪ뱱ʱʹĻǴҴҽģ棬ǵȻºʱ䡣

ղͬķһϮۡ

ڽֵУܷľɫУĿ

Ҳ֪˶ãһţһϤĴϰǵĴ㣬ūţ˼㶼ǸͬĸĶܵ

Ҳͣһˣôʱð˳

ѳһƣ档վһһٸȻϴμá

Լ϶˫һҡ𿿽һߣһָһڣе㣬ū̫ҲǴɱ˰ɣ

ָʹȫ

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һȣɷʱϵõ¶һͣ˲

һۣһˣȥ

һñһɺ˵ʲôϰҪġ

꣬ȵ죡ڷ;Уȣͳ

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ڻ㿴˴ۣͬʱӦǡһ彣ʡ˸У˴ʧɫǿವ³ķ֪ˡ

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Ƿܿ

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ˡ

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ֻϢŭˣпܶĻᷣ

ܿԽųʥ㲻ǰ˵⹬棬ԼλݸĹǷ飬ʵĺ¡ҲӦˡ֪λҲ˵Լǲ͵ģΪ˴ǵĹǣܿü϶˰Ʊ

ɳȴˡû뵽һĻ

ְؿڣֱܿһ̡ոյõƱ㲻˷ˣô˺ɱġԼǰȥҲһٰɣ

Ѱ˼ܿڣӦʱӦѰ˼Ѱ˼ģðѻ˵ôˣֻܽˡ

ڷܿУŷ깫»طʱһӲͣ

һסԿ

ϵòͬԿǿͿظкһƫڣǰġ

⣬

ƿ˳

װ£ӺݣԿļղ༡˼£ĿҲôһ˲Ŀɬ㯡

һᣬڻعͷ˵֪㲻ٻȲѱˡ

ڷ𾲾ĿУᶯ˶˵һվӱ磬ѱѪˣҲ֪Ըֱˬϲ̫Ҳ֪ڱǰ˵ʲôϣ±ˡ˵˵׼һӵʲôġ

̧ͷŷԵ񣬷ŷ֣ϣһӡӡˣϸ濴

䶯ţԿϻۣʲô⣬뵽ӡ뷨ӣƽƽ뿪Ƕ񸾰ɡŷ𣬺䶯Ĵ·һߡ뿪Ƕ񸾣ҵҰһְλ



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еȻز

УһֱǺεεţǰʱڣԼԽԽ٣ҲԼԽԽӡ⣬ŭǰӵʱƺǰ֣ƺĻŸ⡣أֻھ岻ʱżһԼʱҲǲͷģ⣬ʵҲôأÿβĴ󣬺Ļԯʽʱ˼άңҪϺܴĹ򣬹Ĩǵѣɹ

ǴһֱУһҪԭǣǲĵطҹ

һԼֻǲˣֻ÷ܿûô˳ˣóųΪˡôͱôôһˣ

ǻ

УԿȵе㲻ͷˣü˶ְ

ڣعףҡҡͷϿҵ˵ɾųһ㡣

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ҡͷ˫˵Щѡһˣûлͷ·ġֻȥˡ

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ڻ͵Ȳˣһ⻰ͬʱӦŵôӦŵֱԿһʶ˳һٻعʱȻȥԶ

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СܶЦţ֮ϺӵģɷǶˡ

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˵գǰֱŷֱۣԼķȥ

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ģӳĽëţ̬ɰؿ˵㲻ɷڣ

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ǡ

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ʱķѰеĽ΢ЦأӺݵؾƱš

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뵽ܿɸգȴ˲١

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ǰԽۣ˫Өǰе㷢۽ǣصĽ䱸飬ʱڵ⣬ʱѾ˴롣

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˵ûʲôˡɲ֪ΪΣÿÿ㣬ı㲻úܡܾùкû˵ӳɫڱ˱䡣ۣ˫ˮƺҪᣬģ˵ί˵ĳˡ

ֱӳϸϸʵʹ£Уµĵʲôҩҽ˲ˣǶ˵ʶֶ

һ仰أӳĴ

Ϊظоǰһ䲻ͬһ仰ʮֿ϶ȫԡ

ӳɫ΢ʱһ澽е˵Ǿûа취ôܲõ

仰һһಣվڷԱߵˣͬʱӳȥǷһЦޱõصͷ˵Ǻ˵ġϧǻǳˣ

Ůɫࡣ

ӳҲάֲȥˣذ°ͣŷؽе⸾˵ʲôôھ¶м˵Ҳʲôݣùõ𣿡ڿ̸һߣȴ˫һԣžžžعİУЦᣬôôһṫֲ뻽ҽˣǣҲװȥˣ

ӳһҭ

ʱȴͷһŵظԼžƣһ˵Ķ˵ˣҲվ˰ɣ

ھдЩʱţԼһԺ䣬֪ͨˡţ˽ӳ뵱棬 ԼĻɣӳһչֳǲܵӳģ֪Լӳںʵ̲ãҲ ﵽĿġ



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ŴӳգŴۣӯؿŷصҧŴɬ˵ùݣôĹŭң

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ӳ۰Ͱ͵ڴУҲһۣߵǰ

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˵úαһ䣬ڵתͷ΢Уɱض

忡ʹ̬ȣһЦ󲽳ǰȥʱŲ΢٣һͻȻס˷ֱۣϵǰ

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Ƕ̫죬ոտǶѵǰֻüſ죬忡ʹһնյر˿Ȼǡһȴһ彣ſϣأҡβѡ

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һ䣬ӳˮ£ڵתŷȥ



159 ǲТ



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ֻиոգոʧأ˶˿侲ǵΪװ׵˱ں̹ĵں

룬ҲգĵҲգҲգһӦȫˣ𣬱ߡ

Ͼһ˵˱һŮˣȻŭĵزָ飬ǺελεӲˣ

룬һҪ߾ˡˣԼĸ߶ȣԼģֻǱҪΪۡ

ΣռȻӰôִűûˡҪپܾ

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ΪжţΪʲôҪأ

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ʻˡ

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Ϊ̫ΪصģرĴ󽫣̫ӵ£˺಼ܶáĴͬﻹԼĴ㣬ˣЩñȱ˿ģҪӡ

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·ΪεˣҲʼһЩ˿Ļܡ

ӴЩܵŮˣͨ³һ˳ɹǰһգһ

뿼Щʱ˿ֻ̣뾡Լһ

Ϊæµ𶼼ʱ䡣ֱ¹ȥˣһš

ķϸϸһѷ鲽˳

һԸԺ䣬оܰƽؾ˵ʱʱˡ

Ժ䡣

һԺ䣬㿴ǸԺˡ˵վǸãžƣƷţǶУһǿװš

ͷ𶼿Կ԰׵ıǽǣԼɳ۵۴ơ겻ʮ겻ֹ

𻺲߽˸˸ỽ ס

ˣס

ǷһأױеľƱżһš ȡĴУ̧һ˫ǵ۵ŷ Ҹףûô֪ܵŮúõ޲ܵﵱûûݵˣҲ֪ĸôŮ

ĸףһֵĿ⿴ܶʱ𶼻ɣԼУŮǸòǰ޵ŮǸأŮ

ԸͷԵ̧ͷֱŭֻǵֹϢ󣬲ž˵ײ֪ôԼɾ˼չֻǲƽ˽ȥ

һ䣬븸ŭˣڼһģе ֪ܣ֪ܣǹܿ๫ǺεȵĸԺúõķˣʹ԰ﵽܿҲﵽˣȻĸһ֪ߵغ޴òɾҩ

븸ʱĭ絽˷ϡվһһŮؿŷЦúò𾢡ÿζһԼ㳶ĸףһĸҲǳԼ

𾲾ؿףģ˺벽

ȵĭҲܽ󣬷վով븸ֳһģ ˭˺ģǰ£

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һҲһأѱ䡣е㷨ҵᡣ

ˣûǰ

ûǰͻȻһЦؿűеķ븸ȵֹͣڵ˵ ֲø׷ŭˡԼɾȴ˸סʱЦԣһãģ

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ŷ븸ŭŷ𣬼ɤӽе ôĵӣŸҲ˵㣬㾹ҲТ

϶Ҳе ɲԭ㣡ԭ˵ǼüƢãί裬ԶҲˡ

ŵõĽŽķ븸һЦ

ֱվ˹˵ ТҵĸױǸνɷʱҾͲϲˡʲ壬ڶԵȻؼңŮУȴڵ˼Ҳ󣬱ӵˣҲֵô

븸һ˳Ȼһϯҭ˹ȥ

ŴһһĸףһЦ˵ ҸҲҵ⣬ͲλˡԺҵģЩͻҲҵˣ˵ĻȥԶҲȥ

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ǲ԰׵ɫصһвķ븸𰵰ЦԿƣųСӲҲһһ˵ңֻΪںΪҶŻ롣Ҳ׿ʲôҲˣ

XX

дⱾʱСرʹޣЩѾľԼҵԭĨŮˣҲرġΪ֪趨ǣּƷ

С̵ձ̶ȣҲд͵ˣʵѾձ顣ֻΪҰЩĵԸһ˻ϣԵüƷɡ



160 Ͼ



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ͷأ˵ ŮˣΪ汿Щס

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ȫ

ؿ

ʱ̧ͷգ˵ɳ̫ҵİû뵽ʱ뵽ûж֮ǰ֣ӲˣҲӲ˺ÿο㣬оůܷġ

˵ģԭǰȫС

ȻһЦֻЦЦţӯڽޣ̲ס͵˵ ңһТҲңΪԼš

ݸһЦ˵ Ǻˣǹضࡣ㸸˵ĻҶˣԿζ㣬Ҳ֪ġТԼֻһˣǲҲТкη

ĻҲһЦĬãüͷУ࣬˵Lá

᲻ãôιԡǶĲͶͱ΢ʡв뵽Ҳ䣬ҲûݣҲֻһʱȡ

ֱʱȫ̤ʵ

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ţһ˵ ȥ

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û뵽˵һͷ

Ȼ˫ۣ˵ ҹһֱ룬Ϊϻۣڱʱվ˵λģ缸ͿѰˣûС

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ʱͻȻ

бѪɫۣؿŷڱ˴˵ĿУ͵˵Ψһ硭

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ѡԸֻҪΪ˵ҪһɷɴɴҲʱ˳ʱĴ󡣿ɹǶʱ⣬Ҳͳ˱Ů㹲еĴֻˣԶġ

գգʪ˫̲סͷĶӡһǣ˵ Ըһˡ

鲻Խһǣһ¥ľѹͷͬʱĴ

׷Ķ࣬أշתżʱһͣ洫 ˡ

ˣԸˣ

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ͷ촽մŽҺģ΢΢𣬶âɢϥͷڷԼžգֱ÷ôһ̣һһԵĴ

Ŀԣʱ洫һ߿ģ Ӵⲻ󽫾𣿽󽫾пյٺ᣿дɤӵĸǳ˵

Ȼƿ

һƣ΢ң촽΢׵񣬱ӳÿ˵

Ȼ˴˴ȴһӶسһڡſҪ̼䣬һڻĮȴס졣

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ŮſһСЩˡ

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һķһѰ˼ǰʱţôôͲˣԣЩ͵ı鲢쳣ҲŲʲôҩζⲡ⣡



162 ˵ľ



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ҲŮᲽһ˦߳һ

ĴҪԼΪŮûеġŮ˴æתͷſȥ

˿̵ĳţȴһֱڶŷ𣬶ŷյ֡

ãȴе㰵ȴְʹóڰľѪÿһǶȶҫ۵˼㣬Ҳ絽˼㡣

һֱݸ߹ĵǿģҲΪԶԿ

ǣ뵽ԸһһΪֲԼ񶾵ŵԿ뵽ǰĸʣ̫ҲòԴķ꣬һظоԭԿӡ

ֲ÷ŮҪͶˡ

ǣΪʲôôû۹⣬ƫҪŷЬƾʲôԹôãƾʲôԼ󣬻ŵظԼǰûһɣ

ƾʲôԼܷһҲˣ

Ѱ˼Уŵɫţʱʱ׵شΪѿ

ŮһۣҲٻͷּضԼɽһͷٲԿ޷ȥ

һߣæᲽϡ˼ͻȻŲ΢٣ͷųʵ üأزӰ

ڵ̧ͷİôŭѣȻһЦŵ˵ ֪ˣǶķѰ㷢ˣȻ󱻹˰ɣŴӣļ˴ɱ˶С¡ϧȣǶ͵͵ǷС°ɫ㿴ǲǣ

ϸȻϴƳƼǳЦ

֪ԼԽűԽȻһһ˵ȥֱûһűƺڵöֱϽӡ

ۼЦݸˣ˹˵ҲֲԼĴһˣӣ߳ŮҲôܹǷأ

һΣһ䣬ŭ˼ĳţҲ޷Լŭһ죬ವһ

һƿϵٶķһ죬ʱסͻȻģɫһضųš

ʱͷĿ£ɪһ¡Цһذһ˦Ჽߵࡣ

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￴һۣ˵ͷк޾ͷйɣš

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Уһ̴Ʈţ֮⣬һźҲûа

˳ü˹ȥ

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֣ıǰ̽̽Ůʵʲô

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״һ䡣

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°ֱֱͣĿԡͲţز𻹻Իͷݡ࣬Ϊ˷ŮˣԿҲֵùˣͱǰҲԿģ

ɫƵĳһۣջĿ⡣תͷ΢Цǲ𣿡

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һ˵һ߷֧ϰ֣۰Ͱ͵ģģĽؿԼһѡ

ûʱԿ۽ǣҲһš

ˣ֣һ˫ۣѾعԿֿЦ˵ ԭΣȻΡ

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Կѽѧͺֵĳţ̲סڵؽе ˣ㿴˭һģŴ룬ֽе ȻôϲϣǾһȥ°ֻǣ

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Կ֧ʱͻȻѹ

˦˦ͷԿڱ֣ݺݵһȭ

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š

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ӭĿ⣬ԿˮǸ⣬Ҳ˵ ţΪϣˡ

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һ䣬ˮվǻججȫԼĶƵġ



163 ʺľ



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ʱҵȻˣԼɾٸ¡˵գѷһǣ⡣

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ͷһۣЦΣֻϽ

⵹Ը񡣷˵ͷһᣬ̲סֿԿ޷Сʱдϸͳί

룬ڳ˵Կת䣬ҲǾİɣϲԿԸȥȫȫѡ

˼һᣬˣô޹ء˵ģһһˡ

뵽

ʱͳ𡣡



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ͷŻѷԿԼϹٷ۵ĳţ˵ͷ˵߰ա

˵գǣŷ֣ȥ

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Խǿʹ֪ôģԽǽš

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164 ̬



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ȷٿڣЦܿ˵ˣ߲һǰĵ𣿽̺ɡ

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˵գվ

ʺһŮæϡṦΧϷͷĻѷһգۣѸװùʻٲȻһʢװĹ硣

ˣʺȰػ˻֣ʾ߽һ߹ʺǣ֣п˵⺢ӣģǿģ⹬ĸȵϣ

ڻʺĸпУŮæЦһǫ顣

ڸղһ˲ĴӻʺУһĨǶʼǲɫ

ʺǣţಽسȥ

һ˲ٲһɵĽŲڷ󣬷ͷȥ˸Ϥ

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һ䣬æִ̿иŮĪ

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һһ˵ŻһᣬǰԼӰ

·Ǹоˣڵ̧ͷؿȥĿһԣ΢УһĨ⡣

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תۼ䣬ߵһǰ

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һڣʺʺã㿪ʣ֮

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ŷ

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Ŀԣ˵ղʩ˵Ϊ



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ڳĿ⣬оܲҲǵɻţһŵɺʺֱһŭڵسܡ

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ֹؿֱһᣬ˵ţðߡڣ֪ҵͼһ˹ؽʱʡʱκһ紵ݶͻ㿪̫£ȹڳǽϵģԴ

ͷ˵Ӻɷ֪ԼŮѣȴίߣĴңǻţʲôζ



165 д˰



˵˵ͻƣϼһδظҶҡؿԼЦŮˣĪΪһʱ嶯ǰģ

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ս֮٣ҲΪԼȡʱ䡣

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ԳһĶʺޣЦЦ˵л棬ϣԻȥѣǲܴҡС

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⻰˵ϸ֮ȴǿӲ̶Կߵӱ˪ֹ֮𾪣

ԸǿӲʱУǿӲȴǲࡣôıԼһʱ֮䣬ֻһůΪϲɴϣǷֹػֻһ֪֮Уһ˵ԲͿ֮顣

ԿǹһеĶۿڲģڵĻشȫϣһʱ֮䣬ֻһУֱһ緢ĳ棬ȫʧȥ˿ơ

УЦس˸˸ǣ֣һȥ

ʱȻľˣӺݶЦǳ˵ػվţ˴õӣ

ǷΪԿкˡ

ոѹˣΪѵؿԿʵҲվҲˡ

Կֱֱضŷ𣬶ŷģ˳ЦﲻǴԺȥģһһȻȻľĸ緶ˡλȻ˿ڣǾɡ

ǷӦ죬һӿڣǶԷĳ

໥һۣѰԼλ¡

ʱԿüͷһȻ֣ģȻλ

Կ˳һĹȥ

ǹע⵽һ㣬úű

ǹ»ûпһֱЦԹԵصͷڵؽ彣ȻڵذǽгȻͳװģ𽣷

ĶǾеĽ棬ɭɭУһֱֻǿһۣеٿڶۡ

ǹҲǣߵһ룬ǽһ̣кⶸȻͣ½Ų۰ͰԿȥ

ģһŭԿǹºɣ˼£ֻԼλò

һҧµͷŲߡ

ո߽ͷýҲ֪⻹⣬нͻȻһӣǳǹֱֱش

ͷ̧𣬺âǹﾭȳ棿һһˣȴһļ䣬ȵȻء

ʱһЦ˵ˡˡǾ˹¡վԿ˫һһǸ󣬴£ֻǽȻ˳ַ˼Ͻǡ

Կ־£׼õļֶΣôƬ̹ͷ˸ɾŭ֮

һЦݣԿ֮ˣˬԹˣʲôǹ££

¶棬æ˵ǣǡŻŵĴӵһȥ

˵üЩײһʮĸˡӣڻʺ߿û뵽ʺȻʹԸ

Ӵһ˿ޱسԿһۣᲽ

࣬ҲǷڼϵĺԳŷһӲ˵ˣڼûھţңλ֮𣬻ɡ

˵ҲһָƽӲûκθߵ͵˵˵λ

ԺٴЦһԿؿӣȻԸˣֻȸ˳֡

˵ضУûվ

ϴЦһӺݵضһۺת˵ɾҲˣҲˣС֮ȥ

˼һЦʩʩȻվ𣬰ѷһҲվ󣬵Ǹˡ

˵գˣҲӺԿתȥ

棬Ȼڶ˶ȥõȨӶҲٳϻ򰵵Ĺȫ֮Ժ

ˣԿҲסˡǰһ˵

˹ȻֹֻһͷĺЦһŽѪӳ˵ڣҲ˵Į

֪УԿȥҴ֪⸱סԿĽַ˵ķġֳĸ߹ĮȻȻȥѣҲ֮ġֻ벻ͨΪʲô޸Լ࣬ûɺ׹

֪Ů˵ĽͷˣҲҪģǰֻп̱ԣ

Կ·ȴؿԼ˵ͷīǰһ˫ǳ۾ЦҲԿİģŵƤڣ񾲺ͿڹĵȻ

ʱ￪ˣƨţ

ĸ֣񣬼š

ԿǺ죬Ҳʧ״̬лظȵĪҪˣڵĹְ֮£Ҳ˵˵Ӧõİɣ

˵еĻԿͷض

ȴϣﾹһЦ

һżЦУԿɫ䣬Ҳɫÿˡ

Ҳֹٳ࿹һЦԿ˫һЦ˵Լҹ˺áԼҹˣǣ֪кѵʾûУˡĳˡ

Ц˵ţҲõԿش𣬱ôǣŷ֣ҡڵԽԿȥ



170Կ



ڻûп磬ǰ󲻹һӣﳤȥ˵ֳЦԿԣʵƽĲʣ˼ĺһĻӦ֡

վס

Կȳߵ˵ȻתϼһЦݣ˵ˣҵл˵

л˵

֮Աǣϣûʲô˵ģˡ

Կһ䣬һ˹ŷһ˵ˣ롣첻ԿȢӣǰƽ޷عǵĺˣһǺȺȾƾһ۱աȻݲһ㣬ʺҲֻǰȨڳв١

ŮڵĶԺȥڼʱûӦûԺﻯױѡ

ԱϹϾŮԼԿҡҡͷ˵ûʲôüģˣʵ޻˵

Ȼܾ󣬷ԿһףԼɾ³ɣ⣬Ȣңڴ˹ء紺磬䶼Ƕɲ֪أԿڶУȴޱȴ̶

ŷ𣬰޵ֲǲ֪ʲôˣ˵ʲôң³ɡ

һ¹ͨƵƵֶʱڵԭ֪ģúܣǷ˵Ǿ䴺⣬Ҳͷ̡

һ仰˵գתͷ֣׼Ჽ뿪

ʱԿ߳һ󣬵͵͵ģ˵ϣ̤ԺǰģҲԮְ֣

ѹͣӲ˵һġ

ã仰ȻҲĶ£һ˫ۣضԿ

ûע⵽ɫֻԿ仰ʱһתֺЦ

Ц

ǰֱҲһ׷ʳţݺУûԿ

һ޷֪𰸣ֻϸϸع۲죬һһεķʡԿˡ

ڣȫȫ׵ģǰһԿ϶ԼĽǰ̡

Цһ˽ˣȻȻ˵ʲôֻҪ̤ţԺҲԮ֡

ѵԼ˳ѣ˼ԼԼ

Ц

Ҳ̫ЦҲĵصһ˿ޣȻڡԿľ󣬷عͷ

ϣװ׹һĨЦֻĳЦͬĨЦе䣬еҲеȻͱ

ؿԿɻУ΢΢ֻ͵˵ĪԼɾΪʲô£ͦˮꡪ֪жϧɾ㣬ȴԲǸˡ

΢΢ţǳص۾ؿԿ侲˫ۣܿԿҪܿʱĵԼɾ֪ôӣνٻ󣬻֣

һ䣬Կɫࡣ

ⲻҪĴ𰸣

ҲԸţΪɿ˵ֻ

ض䣬䣬ȴֻЦԸ֣濴ԭ˻ôһˣţ˵ĻΪɫˡѺ󣬾ͻ֪ʵĲпᣡţҲԽԽޣԽԽޡ

ҧøУŷˣЦһԶ˶һ·ҲˣǰҲȻˡԷһҲҪͬˡһ̵ϣ޵ʱģ

ԿĻǲϣһЦٴᲽ

˵ıӰԿֳȭֱյùǽڸ졣ԽԽʹޣԽ޷ͻ޷ķޣֶϲָ࣬ᣬȻһգȻڶԷУһЦǶԷ޲Ĩȥȳɻҵ۵㣡

޷ŵŮˣвûӰӣԱˣ

ޣ

ʱ̣ԿûǿҵĿһ죬ʹ飬ԼǰԼһ죡

룬һҪڣҪޣҪ࣬Żġ

ʱ̣ĵ⣬˴㣬ȫɢȥͷģֻޱ޺ࡣ

ʱ̣ȫ˾ڳΪ޵ĳţ˺ôŲԼȥصسסĸ첲һ⣬ ˣ

ԿɫУﺬЦעУһЦ֣ٲͷȥ

˭˶ûͣ½Ųһֱ

һ§˷ͷĿãս˫ۡ

ȵʻء

һصӵʲô˵ļţװҴ

תۣʮȥˡ

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ϧǣȴǰԸвסͬһֱӼٳš

תȥˡ

һûмķ𣬽յһĿţ˵ǰׯ˵Ҫ

ׯ£𻹲ǵø֪ȻͲˣ

ڻƺƵس

ոſڣȵͣ¡

˵УȥɡǴĻػˣǣ

һۣ˵лظ֪ұǣαȥʲôׯ

˵ֵˣ仰һˣת潫

ֱ˺һᣬǻһֱţ𵭵˵ô²Ը

ǡ

ǻһЦݣֵ˵ղȥ

зء

³ְ˰ؿڣе졣

֪ԾθģУͶܿɿġҲ֪ϸҪ븮Уס

ǣʱ̣֪ôģȴһǾ̫ӣ

еλˣ֪ڿ̫ӡΪһ˵־֮ʿֺδĴ㣬ǲ˵ǹ̫ҪԼԼ׾٣

뷨ֻԼֻǰ֪жϣ̫ӾҪˣڵ˹ؽʱͬʱҲ֪̫һ·˲ź˼ġ

ɲ֪ΪʲôͷһһʰҪˣŵ޷ȥ

ǣǻı飬е㲻ͷĪǣԼûв´

˫𰵰ϲһҪһ

û뵽ǣһֱûеȵظֱŵ֪̫֮Խѿ֮Զ⣬Ю֮׼ԱµԮ֮á

Ҳ˵ڸһﲻ̫ӵ˼ٰġ

ţɫе㷢ס

ﲻڸСҲ˵ڸд̫ӵˣ̫Ӿöλ֮ʮð˾ţ˵λңԼж

̫ӣϤģĸоУ̫Ȼȱµ㣬ȴҲһô˲õıҡӼסˣĺпλҶ֣ŰԼ棬ɽȺ

ͷһ󣬷ڵվ

תͣȵټˣл˵˵ģеĻͣ˽⣬Щ˵ҳɵġ

һŵŵŵؽŲϴһᣬǰվһԺˡ

ЩϤףȵԺš

ǡ

һ߳ԺŽϡ

űðԺ䣬˵ǰΪ̺ңңô

ǡ

˺ɵػش𣬷˵ͷܺãλ֪ԼıݡȻˣһء˶٣һһ˵ǱǣڿʼԺˣһɲ̤벽ۺңֻҪ漰ҵģһƾܡǿף

һȻУǻ칰˹֣˵ǷˣǽǰѵҲ֮⣿

˻֪ڸдŵģĽˣһҲǣҪĻŰ֪˵ҲΪһֱڸæء

˵ˣȻҲڡ

һ䣬ȵôжģǱĵ𣿡

ڻ໥һۺ󣬻ǻѹ˵ʵֻǲˣֲǶԽǲӦš

⻰˵ķˣӦǡ

˵УǸҵʳѬϣһҪϼӰѹء籣һԴõô

˷ġ

˲ЦЦ˻֣°ɣԺûбҪԺžͲҪˡ



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ǽŲԺŴô˼ºһæԺš

վԺģǳߵһĻţԼ

վڽϣĻŴת࣬һص͵ͺȵˣ㣬ѹϵȫϢ͸¶㣬ʱҶʲôѵ֪ݾĸôд𣿡

Ļɫ䣬ʮ࣬ڶԷĺǳ⡣

ݾߣθ֮ϣССԺСС仯ʲôݾߵĺ˵һϵеذţκɵġ

ǰϧԼϾһ

̾һ¶ˣԺˣҳϿɿ׼Ʋ

ո˵Ļȵ֮תͷֱӺȵ˷ԣλְˣȻɢ˰ɡ

˹ߣܸߣ󻹸Ĺ£ǹ¶ҲǱϹϾˣ˵Ļ治£ͻͬʱӦһɢȥ

ȻɢȥǵĿ⻹ʱʱس𣬳Ļſһۡ

ʱ̣ûĸ¶ֻǰ봹ͷίкᣬһģζĻŵİǳϷ

Ļż״غһߡ˵գﳤȥ

һȥֱߵԶˣԺдɫ˴

һᣬڻУǸΪɿģܸ׼һЩ븮С

ˣȥˡ

һգһ󲽶վ̨ˣ١

Ҫٵɣ

һݡ

˫ỺػصԺת޷УһʱͣһѶ̽һСֽ

ȡһЩҶغãڻĽ洩һŮĺװ˳

ǻ󣬷𻺻Уһ·ϣĻŮǼˣһ񣬲һ˸ϣȥûʲô÷ġ

ǺЦҲûнǸϡ֪ܶʱ£ܣҲȷߵ㹻˳ʵĻ粻

㣬Ժ

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ӦһԥᲽڡ

֨ѽһŶ룬ſտյ鷿

ʱԺһ֮ʱ糣ĻعͷȥǰƫƫһƫһƱд뾢˿աˣҲǾһʹ˹ȥ

ܿˣʱûмۣǾܵĶӺпŮһСȻڽֵϣϡ

ڷԶԶûеѵʱȫڷ״̬ǲʱĵＸ䣬ЦһˣÿϢǱһۡ

һֱû

ǰʻš

ģʻһС¹µĺ˹һһ濴ˣһȴʱ޿̲ģѧϰŽ˵һСҲ罨һС

һǰһڡ

ʱˣѸٵشóǸֽ޸ֲ֮ʾ˲Ÿɵĸˣ˲࣬˵ڵݱϾ￴֮ˣݵĹ󸾣Щ˲Ҳû뵽Ҫһ㣬Ƿϵġ

Ѹٵȡֽźһ˲ʱһĵɢ

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Ȼ̧˱ŪڻҵۣСĿȥ



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ʱ

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ģԸ治ԶĽֵУϤ˵ƷҲŹġңﲻҵ̶УҲ㷱ڣʺͣ

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Ůؿţ˵㰥ԭǸ˼ҵİɡôŮӣ̸زͨ˼ġһʱ֮䣬Ůпǧ

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á

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һʱûһֿķֱȫġûжֻԼ˼ڶʱֵС

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ˡ

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ԷҪжˣ֮ٻǣΪֲ㣬ûжıϣ

뵽˫΢С

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˷мŲɣ֪ģһҾĻŵý

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˵ԿѳƿͷԸң˵ԶˣܿǸڣ

żʱ򣬻ŷͿ˰׷ҲڲסڵһûзֻŤͷȥ˫ؽ

˵Զ

ԿƮеСˣ˻ǼأϧɳˣҲˡǼҲǵģûϲߣӵǰó档ԷǧʱƺռϷ磬ڿȥǸԶҲǻԹޡ



173 й¶



ˡ

˶Ӻ󣬸ѱķ𣬾ڽ䴦ڡ

ҹĻ֣ԭֵĽֵʱҲԽԽ壬ĸŴУеƻ𴫳ϰǹ⽻ӳ

ˣҹɫϣһˬûϴԡķо泩ˬ

ģһ̧ͷȥֻǰģԿĺ棬һĳϸһǷܿС

˵ԽԽһԽ𣬳Ըʻȥ

ȵʻ룬Ų˫֣ⲽһ㣬Ը

ʱոͣ£һϮ˴ķܿսԿ˵Żǵ׼ת뿪ͻȻһ仰ƮĶУ˵Ǹ˸

ԿһѸٵתһžĿУʵ˵һˣ

ܿҡͷҲ֪

һ䣬ԿԳһĨɫ̧ͷؿߵ£ô᲻ѹܲˣװصȥˣ

ʱҲ̲סˣ̵ʲôģǸ˲𣿱ǲˣҲ¡

̣Կȴֻɫһ֣ûţֻü˵˵ɡ

á

ĿԸҲתŵȥ

һֹȥˡ

ڶ죬ڽϣ˯˯ģȻеУһ˵˵Ǹз֮ˣ

⻰һ˾ˣʲô˼

˵ˡ

ö˶˵ģô᲻ô˵߳ʲô°ɣ

ӿڵԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽࡣ

ͷķ𣬿ŵ

ϢǴÿ찡

ܿŴԿֵ˶֪ˡ̫һԲй¶ȥ̫ӵ߳ڼ飬ߣеڶšⶢŵһǱˡ

֮԰Լ˵Ϣй¶˵봫ĶУ﷽ң̫֮ʧͣԷɹ˴롣

ȻֻǷĲ²⣬֪̫ӵıǼ£ǲ֪ˡֻǸоԼ˵£̫̫⡣

üе㲻Լ£ķִ磬ڹϺ֦ڡ

ֻǣϢڶдõǣ˵Ҳȥ֪ˡ

뵽ͷĥ

Σ̾һתͷǸڵŮȥԼʱ˵ͷȻתȥ

Ů˵ͣ죬Ҳʱ뿪ˡ

ڻȺУĸȥ

ʼʩԶͣϰסӣװصҲȫȫˡ

ֻǷ籩ģע˲٣طҪΣЩ

һߣһ߻Ѱ˼

ʱ⡣

ڷڣɷֲ֣ô죬ҲЩ˲ͷ

ѡһ䣬ӣʼעĶ

ոն£һ㼱ʻһᣬڲſͣ£һ϶ϤУȥе㼱ң

æ̧ͷֻǾŴ˵˾ͣ

Ǹϱ̧ͷһ㣬˻֣˵æ˭ҲеգŭؽеŮūųģڲˣūҽһҲ𣿡

壬ЦʲôŮɣʲôūޣҲǵݣҼҽ𣿡

⻰ᣬֱûҲڵ̧ͷؿ

ʶõģ⴦լӣһֱţƽؼҲһԭΪԼߣûûݣҲǱصġ

ȴԭ˸ֻǶ䵭Щ˱䵭ˡ

ǰԼǰз֮֮Щ˿ƶмӣٲ˵ġԼһֱõĳ谮Ҳգʧ裬ֻ˻Լ

һɤӼеҼҽҼ˵գط֣Ҫȥ

ʱæץ˵˼仰

Ҳ֪˵ʲô彥ƽȻ·ʻȥ

վһᣬ׼ĸϣȴ䴦ǲվ𣬸æֹ¡

˲һʱһֱŵһɲС

ʱ쵽ˡ

һʻʻ⣬һϤ֮˵Ҽӷ

˵䣬һ¶˳ƽ͸ʵ˫͸žǷϤĸ

ֻղƱһˡǰӡһֻʮŮģڣŻǾֹ󷽵壬Ȼһ֪Ĵ緶

ҲһۣԻֵҼҽûգ

һ䣬ȵѵûҼǹеķˡ˶٣Ц˷֮ǰ

£

Ȼ˱£

һ̧ͷһۣת۳Զļȥ

ǼҲһȻû뵽˴űµǿ

һᣬһһԺ˵գȥĿǻıӰ¶һĨ⡣

ʱǰһȴһסţһ˵ؤ

Ӹһͭ壬ǰʶĺѷġ

û뵽ʱ𰵰пࡣȻˣϸܶ˼һǵáԼһʱ㱻·ЬĵӶġ

ƽأҲ⣬ڣǰʮϤͬҲϸĸзܿ

Ȼʱĵĸתͷ˳Ǻѵ۾

Ǻѵʻһ㣬ţǸϸϲµĺػô̧ͷͭ壬̾Ϣ̫ˣˡҪһظɡ

һΣأܿƮڿʲô

صһؤӣλӶؤأϳǮҪؼҡ

ЦȻһĻȤеķܿȴЦؤĪʲôѧǸʶƶʱ˵ģȻǷ¡

ЦţܿУȴŶ⡣˶٣ͻ룬ںһᣬʻȥҲһλô˲õؤУͷķֱֱʻ



174 ֻ



ʱ۽ܿķ΢΢һƣʹ÷ܿ޷Ůһ񣬵˶лˡ˵գһ˾֮ƽŮ˳˳

һãʹԼŮԸһԶ̫ں̧ͷ˫ֿؿŮһԼĳɢ¡

ŮЩҪеģȻһǸŮӣǸģϤ۾Ůӣһʱ洫ĻǼѯŮɣ

ûµģɢ˰ɡŮڻ

ʱܿкЦ棬ؤǵúܡŮһʵ歶Ҫæ

ܿݲһ㣬һڣ歶ѳһƣ˸صл˹ʣؤǸӣҪġ

ӣܿûзӦ˫һͷŷȥֻܿɢģеҵĳܿ

歶ڻػ֮ʣͻȻоǱᳶ˳عͷ˷Ŀ⡣

ģ歶һŷܿ˵死£Ͳ˶˵ˡ˵գЦ˳

һţ歶ʼʻԽȥԽԶüͷԽԽ

Уһ̧ͷ歶̽Ŀ⣬΢һҲڣ˵歶⣬ֻܸлȥ

һּֿ˵޷ͣԺʱգһҵݵġ

歶Ϸ𾲾浾Ŀ⣬֪е˵ͷºģ˵Ǻðɡ

ͬ⣬һЦһЦ歶ҲһЦ

תۣʻˣ歶˸ʾͣºԾ£±ʧȺС

ŷ𽥽ʧӰ歶һ˵߰ա

ʻ

ţ歶ֹˣ죿Ҳң

ͷϸϸѰ˼뵽

֪Уӹȥˣ︮Ҳǰ

һ׼ʻʱֻú洫һ󼱴ٵֱתۼ嵽歶ǰ

ʿ˵Ŀ⣬歶һҲ˵ϻһʿǰһವһ°ѳƿ

һ︮Ļе歶Ǵŭ歶ȵǸʲô

ǻûлش𣬶ǳҡҡͷʻǳ歶ϸϸһۺһ歶ȭ˵Ůɼ£ҵʵ¶˶٣ʵŮɣղͬǸŮؤںδ

Ȼµ歶һҡͷȥˡ

ȥˣʲôʱȥģʿе㼱е

歶ŭȴЩʿǹģ㰴²˵չĲˡͷһָǻԭ·ɣؤһ˫ۣϵġ

ʿضȻ໥һۡ˴˴ս̸˼һ歶ȭ˵лŮ档Ů⣬Ůؤٶȳ֣Ůɴҵ湬зˡҼ˱л

˵գʿ۶ȥ

歶ĿȥıӰֹ˭ѽôĵģתһǷڹУҲһˣƾʲôָֻţģ

ȴ˵һУᲽǰȥ

Ӻ幺µ˼һԺ

ǰһȻǿռŶɾûһˡºһžԣԭеľͰһͰˮˮŲһƫ

ˮԼϴһͷϴ⼸ĵһ˳ְ۵ĺװһϴϴ

¶һŸɾģԼѵطɨɾʪ¥¡

̫գʪѹһ뵹ĺϣһ÷紵ѣһڽ䣬ܶ

ǶӹȥеˣҲûɣϣѰɵĳӷ٣̤ġϸϸģȵĨϣʹԼԭ׾ɵɫе΢΢Ʋۺע⣬첽߳¡

ոϽֵ㿴һЩÿһڣµؤ񣬱㳶ϸϸ

˼ۣ𰵰ľǹȻˣôǿηҺ뵽ؤѾԼģ

ڽֵ˶ӣʮؤ󣬷ԽҺã±ýྻɵһݵˣҲû˶ɡݻкôǾһһõӵˡ˼ٲһҳµ꣬˽ȥóһƬҶӣ¸ԼӺװġ

ʱæѡºĶõģֻǿ

һɴñϣ߳˵̡

һΣᲽȥ

ճΪʶݵģǷܿʲôˣ벻ỻһĿٻصΪ˰ȫǽöࡣ

ոһ۱㿴歶ͣվ£ţ˫˷ܵ˫۷ģĪһΣ

ûϵһʱпࡣתɴ೯űŷȥһһػᾭ

ոתһ۶ת˷࣬೾ɽУﴫԿͳԸȥдע⡣Ͷ·˵صԸһмһ˵ĸӣ˵ϧײʳȴ䵽ؤΪ飬һ뵽ܵý

УԸͬŸవǰһǸϻ۵ģҲ֪ʲôԵʣȻƵһ

ҲʲôԵʣֻ֪ǼһҪúôǧҪˣҲ

ǡ

ľȻڡڱ㲻ڰգʲôһֱ˵ڸУҲ֪ʱڣǼһæʲô

ǰҽڣҲ˵ءǹ²֪ôģס졣ֻзֹԽȥԽԶ

ǷܿǷȣֻ˵ﲻڸеʵֻ֪Ǿô˵ģϣԿûĵġ

ôһ飬̫ۿҪˡһٽľ¥ڽһٷһңɱŵؾĿջһ󣬱ס˽ȥ

ѡ䣬ŽֵڷУԿĶ

˷ʪѵİպãߵԣŽ̫ţ᲻㲻ӿѹˡ룬Ҳ죬Ҳ죬Щ뵽ٵľأؤҲھƼҿջѰˡʱеˡ

ڷѰ˼ʱֻǰ¡ȴһŹ̳



175 



ѵˣģɿ죬Ŀתضǰ

ǶԽԽԽԽڣ̳ͷؿһġ,ģسǰ



ȭе㲻ܿƵȥ

ǿаסˣ֪Խǹؽʱ򣬱ԽҪ侲ͬʱﻹһССɻǾǣôؽʱ˴ĵػͲѾɵı½סͲ½֦ıõ

ǶԽԽˡ

ģ̳УһϤȫӰڷǰ鼤ֵ̳࣬ĸԶټ϶Է϶ͷţֻ¶е㿴ǲǾҧŴϸϸȥʱȺͻȻһ,,ԽԽ࣬ԽԽ죬У𿴵ϤӰ֣ػӻӣʾ

Ⱥ˷ˣҲźţ

ҧŴ˫ģתȥ

ڻУָոշűϣ֪أȴסˡһᣬһתһȵһˣЩĺáˣԸزᰲشڸʲôҲɡٳʱҲ١

룬Ƿɿ죬֣Ҳ΢΢޷Ƶļ޲ϳȥǸˣԼЩܵίȻߣ̤̤ʵʵ˯һ

ǣǿҵĳ嶯ҲԸסˡ

ǶԽʧǰ

һ·һֱûгȥֻһһڵžƣһһεԼƽ

Ƕ

һֱעţƽҲ

һһֱڷУһƬɳ©

˰

ʱ˯ʱ֪ôģ˫ۣһֱ˯šã˫ۣ΢΢һЦ³һ˵ա

ʱѾԿ϶֧бûﵽˣ˰ҲôңʵûдĻɡ

غ˫һֱսȭͷɿͬʱ֪ôģ͵һ̾ƺֻϣʧŵģ֮ľƽһЩ

ڶת۾͵ˣţʱԷסˡ˽ֵеؤ˲ʱʺ󣬱ǿջƼҲҰšֶ£Щ˼ͣҲб𡣾ȻˡǺЦһתۼ䣬˫עȻŵϣһΪͻƿڣһ߻ٵ

УӿĽֵеķվֱͦǰģĴһЦ⿪ѣϺһ·ʲôģӺ׵ķ°Ϳңģ˳

ȻЩջƼҵˣû뵽˽һʱ̻鲻ɷԴС

˵Ǯ߳ջ·һҴϣٹһѽ䣬תۼ䣬װһƵػεڽֵϣ˱ҼҾƵЪᣬ˾ͳҶӱһ٣Ҳûаǰʡ

ʱ̣ԷѲص㣬Ͼؤ͸Ƽҿס޵ѡ͸½͡һڽֵеӦעĶ

תתȥۿ̫һʱ𿴵˴һ߳ĴҴҵ㣬󣬸ż

һۣŲó

ڻܰȫҲ֪ߵ˿ɲɿûðյıҪ

Ŀ΢УȻתᲽء

ʱѲҲҰÿջ;ƼҴţһһѯʡ

Ȼȥʱʱذ˰νһؿЩѯʵˡ

˶Ȧʱһ

ᣬۣܲתͷȥ

ֻһŶʿҴҷȻʿһϮװ糾ͣѹúֻܵͣ¶һ°͡

⡣

ȴǽŲˡԥһᣬʿǣתȥ

ʿӰܵȥع˵ǲҡҧش˵ġ

룬ûǸȥ֤

ʱһһιȥۿ̫ˡĴ΢΢̲סٴᲽ·ȥ

£˵Ҳдʱ·̡أߵеһﱾһֱߵ֡

˹һ󣬲֪УɫѺڣ·ʼ˵Ϊ˲ע⣬һ··һ˾Ƶˣƣһ磬ʹΪ٣ԽԽ̲飬û

ʱǰԶǺ¡¡㱼

ƾˡæ̧ͷһȥ

ǶԽԽԽԽ

ʮ⣬ſ壬˲ʮһŶǰǸˣ޳һϮ¡

˿һۣ֪ΪʲôеƲ

ȥʱǶԽԽԽԽתۼ䣬Խ˷

ۿǾҪʧǰһͻȻƽ˵㣬ϸػ

ע⵽˿ֵ̽е˲࣬󣬲ʲô˵ע⡣

룬еҲģӦò塣

Ҳ룬Ǹˣһл˹ǡ

£糾С

Ƕǰȥ

תͷ

ʱһϤĵͺͣ

,ͣתͷţʵǿʲô



Ѹתͷ˫һ˦ܲ˵˿ȥһ߳壬һ߻һݲŴЩȴѹţһ˵СȻĽŲȫ

ͷʿȻͷ

ؿ˷

ԼӺʿǴ˴Ȼϵطŷ

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Ŀԡ

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ڳճʱȻۣذ§뻳Сӵ˵Ҳɴ

ﲻֻ˵⼸֡

ĻУ˫ۣҡҡͷ˵ⲻ𣿡תۣ˵ע˲࣬뿪

á

ȻӦһһӣȵɢȫˡһӣҳǡɱγ䣬§ ŷһᣬ·ء



176 ů



жѸ٣ĻУоϣѪȻ೾ˮζȴֻİ

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˫ۣѰҵԼģɣǣȻ޷ԼЩеûģֻģܵظо£ֻģҪʹ˯ȥ

ܿ嵽˳Ŵʱ͹رգڷֱͦʱȴָڴһţһԽХХ󣬼ҴҵӰڳűߣţֻá֨ѽѽһű򿪣һ

һţһ¹ԣŹٵǰȥ

ŬۣԼЩֲһӣǱ˫ۣĻ˯ȥ

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һʻŷһۣ⼸죬֮У̫Ӻͱµ˶ٰþȴɹѡ⸾ʵǸдǻ۵ġ

˵ͷϻۡ˵ૼһ䣬ε£˼ǲܣЩɴ

⻰ǵڶ˵ˣأ֮Ա໥һۣûпǱͼıµۣǱȻȰؽɽˣЩ˲ͬˣ̫壬Ҳ̫ƫǸһ

ûӢۣ³ߣȱȶӣȻһϸۣ̫Сúܡ

һ˯úܳܳԺУƺоȥѣʵ¡ƺȥϵ೾˳ֺͽĨɣȻһůĻǻһ𣬳ůڡ

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Ϸһž͸ɬ㷢ϣ˫۽գϸϸŹߣԿ°ʹĺ롣

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״Ჽ

ʱûһڡ

˧⣬洫ҪҪһһĻŴ˵شǺβеȥһ߼ʬ壬ǰģ

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ǡ



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˵̫նһĬȻ

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ĬУ£˼ɡ

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Ҫжˣ

ȻڷϲУһһӿ죬ķȡ

ֵ˼󣬱Ը¡Ŵ򿪣Ļһһ˳ǶȻķһת˵ͷڴУһһȥ

ھʱһƮĶУԴ˸˿أ³ɺǵĸˡ

ϧǸ޹˵ġ

ΣѪ֮ˣôֻིҪϲһжɡ

Զȥ̧ϴ

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ֱߵǰ︩һ˵㲻ôôˣ

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177 ĳ



ԵĹˣ

һ뵽Կ

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ͷ

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˵ЩҲ֪ʵ׵ġѡ

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˵գ߿

ĿıӰ룬ԶԶϡ

ߵúӪͣԿϤǸˡͣ£˵˸кͲҲ֪˺£ȻˡĸвģҲڽֻ뽫໨Щһҡ΢ƣҵҲңţҵҲߵġ

ˡ

Уźεصǣ͸һǣ𿴵Կ򣬱ٳֿ

ӣȻʵʵ硣üһӣ̾

̧̧һŵͳ˵ġͳд

ػش𣬷΢΢һЦҲαˡ

ԿӦˣǿһЦȻ˵ǸˣƽҲǸϻ۵ģ̫Ӳˣܲϵͷ׵ˡҡҡͷ˵̫ӣ̫ҲӦңᾡҵǸˡ

˵վһ񣬵лӦУʱ磬˵ĳҲѾ˵ˡǡ

æһࡣԿ߳ţǸоʲôعͷ³ȥһᣬҡҡͷŵͷ뿪

ߵߣ˵ˣҲġơ

˵ͷҲֻ̫Կ˵ģͶ·ˣֻԿһѰҲҾʹ˷ĵظԿߵġˣҲ֪ʱ浣Ҳڵ֪׳ܵõʱת־ͰͳԺЩˣﻹüʵϲġϲȨ֮ǿȨʱѡӰˡ

Թ䲻ƶƵĴɷмˣ

תһȥˡ

һ죬ƵƵټĻźڽͣʲô¹ؾ£ûнз㰲شӪУҲûȥ

ڶһ磬Ӫ⣬Ц˵𣬿Ըһˣ

ǣ

ķﰺ׶Цһ˫ѪɫҫŹԣ˫֣˵ǣһǡ

ӣȫˡͽеĻ

˵ִ꣬ϣȻЦûпǣұҪǡôô磬ߣЩ˵Σ

˫бѪɫӣⲨͱˣǾ˵緢Ҳ˵İȻôһ˵֪ģеĲ˲ʱЦŵ˵ãس֡

ӦУһЦ֮

ĴЦҲȻЦĿ⣬ɨԶļĻţе磬е¶Ҳеʮ㣬ֹЩҼģɱˡû뵽Ȼ뵽ҪҹĳǰҲѹЩ²ˡ

ϣ£˲ãӺһϮѣͿ֬Ŀ绨ķ𣬱㱻ǰٻسӵ£ƺƵ򶼳ʻȥ

ٵУＤĻҳ߸ĵУ§ŷ֣ûͷҲ Ըо˿̵ǹԣŮ޷ԻĹâ

פĵط붼ǲԶԼʱ˳⡣ųдϢ˺ͳһЦֻҪаհģؼ˵գһݡȳС

бˮģһ룬Ǵе˻ת۱ɲκѡĺ䣬һս ѪġЩһƺεȾˣһ룬ȺԶ࣬Զֹͣǿ

ôһ˱һϮװñ˵Լ§ڻеķ

һ˫˫ĿУ˵Ķ飬ֱʻȥʻȥ

ܿ⼸æ˱µּ⣬ڿɳ빬еЩˣۣ¶˿أĹʲôģȴЦ

ˣܿںܵ⣬յشŸڽֵй䣬ѰÿһȥĽ䣬ѾŵˣֻҪҵǸ㣬طΪˡ

ʱţܿҪɣǲ֮ܣĻôôܵ£ӰȫأǸ⼸ҲֹѰѷȥģܻȥĵط˸飬ôҲأ

εţŮüѰ˼ʱǶУǷˡˣűѰҵǸǡˣȻؼ

ವһܿѸƿǼ˼ʵӷˣ

ʵдϰԵָʹһͬʱ̧ͷȴûæŻػ

ܿ״üͷͷغȵǻأ˻û

ʱĸͻӣ쿴쿴Ϊȣеˣһ߲ͳĺҳŷܿ䣬һָͽС

ܿ΢յصһۣȻδһ׼ʱֻøеˡ,Ǿл

ܿһ֣æ˳ȥһʱɵۡ

ֻ·ľͷͨĲڴһٵǰһƥѩ׿ϣһ˫§һˣֱ

껳еĸˣ׾ɵϴǳǳΣ˫䣬ƮȻˣɲǷ

ܿû뵽ԼѰˣʱطַʽǰľУʶԼۡ

ôṦѾһܿʱܿǹݣûм䡣

һʱɵصķܿ͸

һۣͻȻͣһ¡

һֹ

ڷʾУܿʻ

ԣγ彣һӣһܿƮƮظܿ븥˵Ҳ¶ڷǰ

أĿɿڴˣһЦ˵ؾˣҡ

תͷϸϸضŷܿһЦ̬󣬡ǶԲܿˣĹΣˡ

Ȼת򸥶̧гŵػǽ棬ڸģ˵Ӳǣĺʧô



178 ˹



ɭĽϣøŵ⽣ϵѪ۾ӵػˣҡͷȴֲңֻ۰Ͱ͵ģ˵û뷨ûûеġ



ǣǡһ˵ǣֻϧͨҡͷͷĶǿԼеĳ⡣

һЦ

һЦܰһжǷܿ븥֪ģɲ֪ΪʲôǾͬʱһ÷ǰơ

ﴽһЦ󣬷΢˲࣬ȻƻؽҲýȣҲǽʵ̫ôһһ䣬Ĵǣһ磬ɼǵ˿ڡ

գһѪԼ޷סĿֻžСգգۣʹüеĸʮ˵ǶԲ𣬸⽣ǿ˵ġ˵գѽͻŴԹ⽣Ҳ̫ˣ㿴һСıҵľ͸ˡ

˵Թôһ⡣΢ЦУܿݺݴһµԽԽˡļУôҲӣΪǱƵ޵ˣƵҪˣҲǽ˱һ¡

ȻǵĽīߺڡ

ȻЩͷֻһ÷ܿµģǽ᲻ָԼУͷأʹüеĸݺݺȵ죡Ԧߡ

Ȼά򶨣еĻһ¶ɡ

ԦӦһʻһ٣ȴһֳסԯͣϴЦ飬ŷܿϸˣĻû˵꣬ôأֱ࣬黰

һʱ֮䣬ܿᡣ𣬼Ц˵㣬ǽã㲻ҵԲԣ

Ϸܿ۰Ͱ͵ģ𴽽ǳ˳ԷܿĺޣûжԸôҷܿϾ⣬ΪŮĸͬǵڴҵ

ŷܿЦЦüۣ˵ܿô£߰ɡ˵գ￴һۡ

ɿ˳ԯԦæʻšнеķܿȴһزףΪʲô֪ԼҵᱻΪˣ

Ȼץ𣬿ежͨܿеġ첻µزµԸһ¿϶ƳȥϾԼ𲻺Ѿõġ

ҧŴѰ˼һԱߵӿͣ´Ϊᷳڵתͷܿŭȵס죡

һ䣬ĿȻСЩܿͰ͵ĸһֱ֪ܿϲǾܸ֮ˣ˸ǰҲһֱչֵǸ񡣿ڣ̫ˣȻαװҲˡڷǰİԼ

ؿŸܿĴ£ɼǣȻţأѪ˿ڣܿӲ˵дݲĿ֮ˣѾˣǲܻȥˡɣҰ͵Ҹߣȥ̺ǡ

һˮ£ȴΪɵֻܿǿűˣʹ޳

ִ֪磬ܿɫЩ˵ǴӦ㣬ʮһµġʮһ£ҲǶźøеġڣʮһ۾ߵˣб¿ܿİӣʮһҲҪˡҪ޾ȥǸɡ

Խ˵Խʹ죬ƴҡͷ

û֪ԴżȻʮһ£ָΧ˶˼֪ԼֲͨãҪͷжѡû֪Ϊ˳ͷأ˶˼˶ֶΡ

ֻҪʮһ£ܳΪµޡʱ˵𣬱ǰˣĴţˣһǰĵֺ

룬ʮһۼһĶӣʱ˭˵㻹֪ء

û뵽һһжˣˣ

ޱߵʹ;У治ףô˾Ͷôϲأǰʱƽ͵ˣô󣬱ô£ôֶκģˣǰѶԷ˵ĺޣǨŭԼˡԼ򰡡

ˣＴԱ԰һҸˣ˸ҵСˡݣ޷𣬿Ϊ̫ԶԽԽԶۿĶǣޱʹޣȻԷѡһܽӽķܿ

Ϊޣ侲˿ڣȴִܿлл£һᰲİ£Ϊڹһġ



һ仰÷ܿ˫һ˵ͷֵ˵ףǾͺá˵գעӸƿԦҺýûдţʱֻ뷨ӴԦ򣬱ﻹô˵

һߣҡУ§ŷһߴܵˣһ˵Ż

ߺԼз£ԼԼ裬ƴ֮£޾ϸظ˵ˡоˣĻźͻ͵ΪӵķŭϾΪԼĸǾ԰ȫģЩ˱Գ¡

ʻȥĵ죬ܵˣҲԽԽࡣ

ڸеԿ֪Ϣʱڳţæתӭڡ

ȻںƺƵĶУﻳеǸˡ

ؿɫޣ߹󲻼ķԿ˶˴ɵɵվֱԺһƬհף˵ǼϲǱġ

࣬һֿԿģ޺޵ģҧгݵ첻ֳˣ

ͣԿȴûһ㣬ȻɫӵؿԽԽķ

һᣬ϶һЦԿʹԼЦ˻úúõģҲûô˻úúõģǲǺܿģ

Կ˶ɬ˵ġҲ˵ǲǿģֻ˵ͬʱҲһ㲻Ͷ·ķ𣬹ǰġҲ֪ԼΪº󣬻̫Ӻ󣬸жģĿУģȻʻ󣬷·ûѣǰƵķ

ĵģ

ģİԿƺעӣﻳеķعͷԿһۣһۣ峺ˮһȫȻİꡣ

ŷعͷȥԿ˳̲סߵ֪ô

ģԽԿˣʻڵĽֵ



179 



ԽǿΧ۵˱Խ٣ܵɫɫȴˡ

Цֻλ˶ˣֻǲ֪׼ʲôʱ֡

תۼ䣬⡣

ðգȴǽرգ﷭߳ʱһѾǰ֡žžǰڼĻУڻһƬǻ׼ģĮ˺󡣡

ǡǻæ˺

˴һۣ

ţڱصءڻһ㶼䣬ϵĺ˵

ͬʱȻӦǡ

˺󼸲ڻȻ̤ĽŲŵŵŵǰЩȫɳϴģǰկǼҳ㷹һ£һЩ¸ͷ֮ࡣ

תۼ䣬ǰǶֲʱڴһӦˡ

Ӧüֱ㳶հѴһ죬ֻá顱

һߵĴѾڵءͬʱұߵĴҲѾҡҡλΡ

˴󾪣±ҵæ˺󼸲һ˫ƴҡΣһ߳ɤӾе

˵䣬ͷһ̧һɷԼҽ

ȻһףУ濴ȥ

ϵãֻһ˳ĿȥһԵüΪӰˣܹ¡

ȻˣҲܿ£һЦְڽϣ˴󲽿븮С

ڵ˸ͷҲصץ˵ģȻǸܹ¡

Ӧŵ˴ܹ߳ǰҲģڱһƵ

ܹ±Ƶﻹԩ鲻ģҪҽͰ

ĽУȵ졣ͷҲص

һ³˺½ǣܹ

ܹ£ôҲһĹ£ƽزǸУ棬Ҳͷˡ˵˰סУֻҲûȥˡ

ܹ뵽һף˫ȥҪԩĶҲֹͣˡ

ŴͷɥܹߵԺ⣬һ߿Ժ䣬һͷҲصѸ˵һ

ǡ

ԺмʱŮվæ̧еذԺ롣

ﳤһƣתϡ׼ǰƵ澣彣˹𽣷

£ˮ⵴ͷýĶרע֮˫޳ָϣ˾ͬʱֵ˺

֪вãϢ˺վǵм䡣

ʱһһεţģһŲشһѹֵİУڸԺһһǰĵͷվ󲻾ãһŲڽŲУ

һ᲻߰شҲսǧնпܶ˴ɷһ£ģҵǰͲº˵ģ

˰У˽Ǹ߳ңֹԺԱĻš

ĻԱߣĻţһЩֵв֮ʿЩһͷڱǿǰˣ߷߲ƽšĻһۿҲƶޣ嵽ǰеҪΪһˣնɱҵȲɣ

߰Ŀ¶ŭͱˡ

̧ͷ

ʱã׻λεͷϣѪǷĵĳ⵴粨һƷϣ˵Į

̧ͷĻţվ⼸Ļţһһɨˡ

˵Ǹҵ֮ˣôҵԶҸ˶ֵģվ

˵úƽƽ

Խ˱ԽǾú䡣Ҳദһ֪ˣӲǴͳϵ˾ӣҲһŵ쵼ߡˣ˵Ҫɱһˣʱ˿ɵġ

ʵϣֹʱĺ¹壬ԶΪʵ̫࣬ƵģʤʱѾϰΪˣղŽʱв٩٩̸ָĿ⣬ȴûһ˸վ

˶վתͷղŻԲѵĻš

Ŀȴ˵ııֱĻŴһǿа飬ͷеִҪһ˶ﳼ£ֺαضʣнһĳգһۣҲ㲻ɷ򣡡

Ȼֱ߰ǴȻ

ﶢ

ģһЦ£ˣ

Ļžڣ˿˵´ϲæеͿΪʱҲǽ⣬ܣĳȻţҲҡ

˵üͷһģͷغȵ룡죡

һȳһתۼ䣬ղŻ۱ϵĻţѱʵʵض죬ͬʱ˫Ҳ¡

˸ղŻĴң˽ﲻݣһʱһðˡ

վ

żģضˣĿһһɨʱ˶ܴһͷ

ﶢһڵ˵ǲҸոճ˵Ļ㱻λ˶߷磡ǸˣƽԼػҲ᲻˵һ䣬չΨֲܣΨֲǵãƵĴӣ̻̲աǲ

˵ڽһһһ˵εֹͱǲ֪λߣȴ֪ġЦǣҵĸ˱Ƶ޴֮£λеκһҸ֪Ҫ֮ͨҲ֪顣治󣬽İĸ˱ȣ׷ɱջ᲻ֵұˣ

һ仰еˡһأֻá顱Ĺϴȴģ֮˶ǰУܹ¡

ֻĻţ챻סǻȻͷ

վֱӣٲ˿һۣظ棬򵭵ȲңҪãȥˡ

ǡˡ֣»һԺˣ뵽˾飬Ҳ󣬹ҲأҲʣֱӱֶȡһʱ֮䣬е֮Ȼ֮ƿڴҲ֮

ʮĸ߳ÿסһˣҪȥʱֻ洫һĽ̫ӺĵµţһḡĴСס֡ѲɣΪĻˮɣȴǿж˸Ůϵķ븸



180 



̫Ӻĵ£븸ȻһԶŮ

һԺ븸ȺѰȥת˷

£ʹļ׵ؽеﰡ겻رǰΪ㲻ܲ˵ΪϾϵҲͰˡô㻹ŽɱͲ۵ýΪǧ𣿡

һ䣬վڷ븸ķϽеǣ㣬һݵĸˣǸԼ·ĺá㲻ں˵֮ڣҲں

Ҳе㣬еģһ콫㣬·˵ǵġ

תۼ䣬⸸˱¶Ƶϡ

ƺŭг£ǷһںΪġ

ңȰס֣ڱ˶Уȴתƴעƺǰ죬ĴӴܣѰ¸ڡ

ڵģֻĺֺԣֻΪҪغ

ͦתìܵġŭЦ̧ͷˣֱǽˣ˵λǺÿڲţߵڰסı£˵á

ҲǷһᣬЦûЩ˲˽ִȺҡ˶ңҲ˶ԸǣֻǴò֮˶ѡʲôϵֵôС֣Ҫ潫£ ⻰ҲǺһһ䣬䶼ŵŴ̡

ңڿǿڴֻǼ£ֻǼĻǵĸúˡ븸һƣ໥һۣе㽹ȴһʱ벻η

ʱ˻̫ӵ£ĵµ

ĵ£ᵽʱԼͬظˡ

һӣʾѺ˵һ࣬ʩʩȻվ𣬶Ŵ󲽸̫ӳһ̫ӣĵ¡

񡣡

̫ǰһڷʱ̫˫۶ûзŹκһ顣

ϵŭɫ̫ӴԼЦúüʱ㿴Ҳųȥգ⸮ﶼҪˣý裬ɱ̫ˡΪأ

ͷкζ̫ӵŭ

̫Ӷһۣ֪ģһֱŵģһЩﱾǸϲŭɫˣε£Ҳ֪ûв......ˣҲֻŭ¡

óŭģĪȨڸоͱơڷܵĿ࣬û̫ɷ֮顣

䣬ǧǧֲǸʲôɫģôܻһŭ⼸̫һֱںڣԼڴһϣ̩ͻԼ

ʱ˰ѷߣҲûôֻŰУȵʱˣĿ֮£ڱ»֮±ɡ

Ϊţʱˣǽ˵Ӧһȫڡ

ʱǴ⣬ֻҪһɣЩѯʹͣһĸġ

ϾҵУˣյԺ䣬ʵڲʲô˵¡

ԹΪأҲû˼עЩ

ǧ㣬û㵽;ѡһѣﻢ¡

еһЩ˺ͱ£ֻ˵˰·°ȥ

Ҳɡ̫ӵǷһЩ֪ģеš룬ҪԭǷƽµصߣŪ˵ĻԣҲ¡

Ц̫ӷ˫ֲţ˫ֵͳ˵ˣңǲ

һᣬŷſ֣תյķͷضԵý

⸱ģﻹʱԼղʱ̫Ӳ뵽ĪǣģҲֻôڸֱ׳ʱԵˣַһЩ̫ǰһֿޱȵ˵ˣǶҲǮɡ Ȼɲꡣ

̫Ӹ˸˵̫ˣϲһˣﵱ̫ӵĴ˵檱Ҳûʲô¡ ⻰̫Ӱģͷתֿ

ȴƵؿ̫ӣĿ⣬һ䣬ȵŸʲôȥˣ һ˫˲Ҳ˲ɨ̫ӣ̫Ӽܴһʱ¸һȻԼȨƶ֣á

һ£ˣתߡʱΪˣȫǽеĽԩ޵Ŀšĵһֱڶ̫Ӻ֮һһ

˿̼˻ҽ£һЦһһ˵ǲԸЩˣΣ ãЩ˴ߣʰɣǰҲЩ˵⣬̫ӵȥˡڵ棬Ǻʱ

Цһ̧̫ͷʱ˵ĵ£Щֻļ£˲ֵġ

̫һʱһӣȵȥ ǡ

ЩУĻźܹܼ˷׷׿̫ӣĿ¶ƴһ֮״Ȼȫ죡

һ³Ͳ̫һɡ ǡ

˱ȥˣƬ̣߿Ѫܵͷ˽߽

ԺкЩŮ̱һţʺϵһĻķʱҲת߿

˲棬ĵһתߡм϶ŭ㲻ɵ顣Ǽ߲˵ĵһߣոŮæϣ˻֣ˡڣԺֻʣ·̫ӵˡ

Ｘߵ̫ǰضһԲ

оĲƣ̫ǿһЦˣЦ ˵꣬£ĳǸܲ˵ġҪʱ·ҪĳһˣĳҲ˲ʲô£Ҫ۸ˡ

ǲƣȴŲԸ֮⡣

̫Ӹһ˵֪......ģȴԺ󲻻ٷ

˶٣ԴΪء

һ䣬Цԭ»ְ֪ҪǱѾңΪε£Ҷôưոˡ仰װ׵ر̬

ڸ̫ӣԼҲû·ֻ̫ܶӵΪһ̵ġ仰̫ŵģȫˡԵ¶һĨЦһ:

ֱͳĿ᣺Ըﹲ󡣡

˵գ˳һӣﳤȥ

Ŀ̫뿪ӰȻûб飬ֻѪɫӣŷϤ

̫ӣһ黰ˡ

Ϥķæ˹

ǣ鷿

鷿һأ͵ʵ̫ӿ̤ʵˣжӰɣ

ﵭ˵ǲȫ̤ʵôϣò

˶٣жӦòӰˡ



181 ³ɱ



˻ֹһ빬

빬

æ̧ͷ

ȴЦЦҲֻ̧ǵ˵ӺٳȥˣѰҡ



ǻɴۣ״һ

ǻæӦǣǡ

Ҹ߸еˣҰѽһЩոտ߿ͷеѪûɢȥǻɫһףæӦǡ

ǻʱǣŷ֣һȥǴĵȴ׼Ϣȥ

ߵˣ֪⡣ʱѾá

ͷҲģԦһУʻ

УУ˫񡣷Ūش㣬°ֹ

һᣬͻȻ˵𡣡

Ӧһ

ûۣ˵˳⣬ȰҴһУ㡣

𴽶˶̲ס˵ҲΪ׸

ۣؿ˵ǲᣬðȫ޷ڡ

סǰ̧°ͣעҵ˵𣬸ҺúõĴšٳ죬ұȥ㡣

˫ֱۣ˺һᣬŵӦǡ

ӦչһЦ§뻳˵⼸Ҳˣģʱ䵽ˣҾȢ㡣

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ʱڰнеҲûװ˯أҰõġ

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ոճ嵽ſڣּԼѲģȻ˷š

ĻѶţôһ˲һģһˤڵء

һҽһߣøոշţסεĻͨˤڵϺ𣬴һŲĻϣҽŸϣֱֲϣﳤȥ

ŲȵùݣĻʹģòһ룬߳ԶͻȻתĻż״æе㲻ԩˡ

䣬һ죬½˳˳ְѷһŲҵĸܿ𣿡˵գĻһӣٴﳤȥ

ĻŰӴò״ӵȫʹǾˡɥ޷ķеҸղֻʹʲô˼ſˣ˺ú÷˵˵һ߽ͣһ߰ӴţԽȥԽԶ

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׹ڴĵطԺ˵Ժôﵲ˲ٵԵʡ

Ჽ߳

һȻԼŵĵطӡʵġ°̾һ˵ѯʣ˵Ҳڡ

һ䣬ԷŴдȺ˸˽æת󲽳ȥ

һ۵СţԺߵﶼһƬЦұܣ֪У˹ѺܿڵԺ䡣

Ųһ١ʱһİе⣬λ˭нڷ֮ˣǱ׼ӭȢ?



190 ѧ



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ʱĽŲԽԽǽŲ˻вٿڼֱͦȴһֱͷİдҧĽִֵ벻ĳ֮գ֮ܿˡת

ǻһ䣬һӺɵ칫ԣλ˲ĳ檣ʲô

棿ҧĽֵȴǲţ˵԰ƺԺУ

ʱķȻֱͦģȻزͷ΢Цؿһƺѳĳľ磬֮ˣ֮š

ʱţЩ˵ҲԽԽģһЩŲ

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һģģ˵ϾΪӣ֪ߵĸǱԣٹߣҲñʾҳϣԲ

һ䣬ɫһ䣬ѪɫУɷ



191 



ﰺͷ˫ָڱɫԽԽ䡣

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һͷԸһۣؽеôҲ˺ɫģΪϲãԾе

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˫ۣһЦ֣ḧ㷢Ͷ˵ôˣ߰ɡ



תǳȥһΣﲻԾǣŷ֣ǰ󣬳Ķʮеߡ

ۣɨһգֿһۻʹеХһʻ

һ˳ʱ̫ոɽȻһҲһ§ŷһ߲Сʱʱģսߵ͵˵ʲô

ĳƣߵﶼȺĽ㡣οʵһѷͷ˿УʱԽԽ˿ߣ߳İٲǵѸϰٸβİա



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ڼڵϣΨһһˣעĿοôĿ

ԿҲУƿضű§ڻеķ𡣶˼ۣ˵⸾˻ǳ費ã㿴ҸʱҲǸжȵˡڵһ֪ߵغİˡ

ߣǳšżͷһͷıǷһţ˵ҲǷ𣬵ɫѿǰӵ࣬ԸѾ˺ܶ࣬οԿԽԽãȴԽԽϳѲǰôš±ǿŲʣûг

Կͷһ۳ţص˵ͷĿⲻ䣬ͣ˷ϡյӣɫһֱ˺һᣬغһ֪߳ܵ*****ô

աУһϮѵͬҹĻɡܵԽԽһ˫һ˫Ŀ⾡Լϣͷüһᣬǰȥ

һʿ֮䱾һֱдȥת۱嵽ǰ档

ǰİٲһ޴Ĺ㳡µ۱ڹ㳡Ⱥλĵһ磬úء߹ڣǻܣƮ㡣̧ͷȥᱡĹŮУʤա

ﳯ㳡һۣһգתĻ԰ȥ

ֱȨǣһһ£ŷǣŷ𣬳Ź㳡ȥ

£ˡ

̫ССһµ۱¾壬Ჽ߳

ȻǧУһ۱㿴Ǹ۾Ӱ

ﶨ˼ۣµĿһתǣֵķ

Ŀⲻһµ۱˵Ǽôĵӣͬɫѷ

Աߵ̫൹ûעһ㣬ʵѣæ˴š˼ۣ̫ͷû뵽ˣǸ֪˵ġ

ǵ˶˵Ӧøű£ϻ̳ϿҲͰˣȻһѷȳϣһ˲֪мģΪˣӦǫΪ˭Ҳһ裿

ʱߵ˹㳡ϡҲͶĿ⣬ֱߵ࣬µ֮ĵڶ

ºͻȻƤգգ۾ȻһϣԼϡ

û

ǳЦͷˣһͼļһ§ԼϺ󣬷𻹲ȥľѴ

˵Ķһһ͵͵Ļ𣬻УмЦ

ʱһŲڳ׷վִ񣬡¡

䰲µһϮװ󲽶ЦĿһһɨڳվһ࣬ĵصͷŷ

һۣµ

һֱһ֣µ۵Ŀ⣬û뿪

ʱ̣˶ܿµɫ࣬ĿȻǲ

µۣ㲻һ֮ˡǰǵʱٰԼǻʵˣԱ¶

ˣԭ׼ٷѵ̲סˣ

̧ͷ

µƤЦⲻЦؿڵ˵һ֮ˡΪһ޹˵Ĳ֮Ȼɱ˹֮س

ܳ

ܰ

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ȳɴ˻شµ۱˵Цˡ칫ǲǽʿѾ˵ˡ

⻰װףָΪƺǹ칫һ

תͷ

µһۣͻȻģϵȵ£ʿ֮ԣ֮ȴǻڡ¼Ȼţβ˾һʣ

˵ֱ

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Уµյļ˵ӡһ˵С᲻ûеĸˣֺαЩеûĽڣ

µ۵һ䣬Ц˻еľףֱ˵Ҳ˵ģ᲻⸾ˡ

§ŷĿ磬ɨڳתµۣ˹˵˵⸾˻ûʲô㲻ޣǸ֮ɳ

˶٣еľССһڣ˵˰ϣ޷ܵġ

ϣɱ

һأܸѻȸ

֪Уڳͷҿµۣµ۶ԣⷬڴɣһˣ̫ˣ

µɫ࣬˷׷׻رʱһ߰Ȼ棬ֱշ֪ǸȻѰ榣һĽɫ˿أȴ֪Ϊ壬Ϊࣿ

Կˣȴǰһ֮ĳ

ڳ໥һۣºˣԼҹֱ˺ǲɴˡָ˵ģҲ֪᲻ἤŭֿȵĴ󽫣

Կƣڵվ

ضԿһۣתͷµۡ

ȻǱ˱⣬˵ࣿҳʱĻ֪ĸ̯ƭǮء

˵գ΢΢һЦĿɨķõ˵ˣĵĿ֮ʵȤýλһ³»֮ϲǧҪǵǡ

˵һЦ

޷Ƶģһе֪ǣ

˵꣬ﰺŻԣذѷһǣԼŶصȻˣϰ𡣡



û뵽ʱ顣ͬɫѷķֿڳͻȻãȰԣȴҲʧΪˡϷŭδδֹãͳͳӣȻڱ˵ˡ

۷׷Уµ۵ɫǳÿɫͬÿģԿ

ڷγСû뵽ûӵأﻹ˻ڡ

ҪȢˣ

ô˵棬еԣĺӣ˵ҪȢ㾶

һʱ֮䣬ů⣬ۺϲãǵصϮǹ˵ˡ



194 ƻ



µۣǿŭֱֱصŷּɵ޷֣ɷͲһУ檶䣬ɾΪôһĸˣһ٣ٶάô˵棬ôҸôݹ˵Ҫ顣

Ҫ飬ԼҲգҲգûһ֪顣

ŭţµһתͷԿ

Կףʾڡ

ʱԿֻѿ˵ζĲʣ˵ֻͷһƬհס

۷׷УվŷһһЦݵ˵ϲˣʵ˸֦ϲɺذҿ֮ֻζŷЦû ˲ãƯģһݵɽôͶԽһأ

᲻京̡˵⻰󣬳ŰͷĿµۺԿɫƺá

˳һۣ׼ڣļϸ˸ĵ˵޻֮ԣᡣ

˵⻰ʱȫƽ塣⻰󣬹ȻתͲԼವһ£ɫǣ˫໥ʶţҧгݵأֱ޲ͷϺݺץצ

ʱתµۣһףͷ󣬳µ۱ȭ˵£вʣܶȸˡ

Ҳµͬǣŷ֣ͷߡ

תۼ䣬߳岽µռⶼ̵ŤˣۼԽԽԶеƱˤȥ

ֱ۸ո̫ǰһһҲ㱳ϡ

۳ʹɰ˶̫ս£ ı֮ʣһʱ

һ̫Ҳ˵£˵Ҫǰ׿ģ͡

½̫ľ棬µطסվһЦ˵Ȼˡλ䣬󽫾ˣ˵ˣǿҪ

ڳæЦŸͣԸͬ

﷭һ§һתۼһ˱ƺƵس˹š

һţ㳤һѹΪ˵һ˿ң޲۾ȥ

˵µۡ

һҴ£˲֮⣬Ϊ¿ƲԼƢʲô

ʱҹãֵеڷƮҡ˱䡣ЩˣƵ˵ɷ䣬Եڡǰ˵ֻңңųƵϸ⻰һֱǵãһգһӵָ󣡡

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Ȼȶĺ촽һǣ˼ɵصͷϵĿǰޱ顢˵Ķׯķ

һﲻһЦ֣ס֡

ֻȵơһʱ֮䣬յ磬嫵ƮңԶ˹¼š

ͷڷĺһǣͷʵʮΣ

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ִҺֻۡһ룬һСʱףִĺ۰~~~~~~~~~~~~~Բ~~~λܽһ¾ˡ

ͷڷĺһǣʵãʮΣ

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һǸ귽ʮꡣ˴˵ʮ£۾㡣

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Ȼ˼͵͵˵˼ǣ

˵߹ظ漱˶ãΣǡٲԸҲðѻҡʱЮرһŵϵѻʵۣϡ档

Ȼ֪жʱ̣Ǿġ

ֱ˺һᣬګګ˵ǣʮ棬оŵºʮһ¡

˵һĵ˵ѹʱʲô

Ĭˡ

Ѱ˼Ѱ˼ȥҺһš

Ȼ䣬ˡУʮǱλġʱ޻ʵ֮ȴлʵ֮ʵ˶ڱ˵ϵʮ£Ϊۣǳ¡

ҲһУԿǣ˽ȥǳУõϢ˵Կˣӹнӻغ󣬸Ϊ˲Ըע⣬һˣĵŸȥȴû뵽Ⱥģȴһ塣

˵Īˡڣ׶ȨһʱĴ󽫾УؼƻͰšң֮䣬ôܼĹϵ

һʱ֮䣬ֱüң˶еججˡ

þòڣΪǣ§͵˵𣬲Ҫ룬µġ

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§һЩͷŻ谵ģԽԽɼߣ˵˶ѡҺã˰𣬱˵Ҳ̫į

ûлشֻ˼֡

㡰աУһ˻ص

ȻųȥһᣬɷȴоƣǳﱻĻǳӵȥæϵУһˮ衣

ϴɾһŮ洫ˣ

üͷ΢˵

ǣ˵кҪ¸˵

Ҫ£ܿʲôҪ£𵭵˵˵Ҳ

ǡ

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ڶһ磬˸Ժһֱûгȥ֪ڵĽֵϣض۷׷ףʱ򣬴ڸȫġ

յһ˵ˣԼҹ

Կ

üҪܾǻ˵Լҹ˵֮ǰˡ

̧ʥּˣǾݲþܾˣԹˡ

ǡ

ȥ󣬷ףһں̧ͷѾ׷ŻؼʱһŲ

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Կһֱ̧ͷ˲Ҳ˲ؿſڣ߳Ųһᣬ߳һ

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£һˣԽԽȡرǽ죬̫գ׻λεչƵûš

ֵ£ѸĻװɴϣֱۺ;ļ֣͸죬ഺ͸ٸˮļֱһֻ˵ķ顣

Ȼ֮˻ˣҪԭǣһҲ㵹ˡ

˲Уȿֺ׷ǣ˵ǱЩڲں֬µ㵹ǱǵϵĹ⻷Ի

Կָȣ΢΢ü˵˰Լҹȥˡ

˵գתȥ

Կһæݣ˵ˣٴ˴ǰһ˵



195 



ǧͣ½Ų뿡һ˵ȥüǡ

عͷ

Կе㱣˵Ǿ仰죡ֱ˺һᣬŵ˵ǹòãҡ

˶٣ֱǺһᣬԿų̾һ˵ҰɻؼңҲ۹ġڣԸľΪ飬ҲԸߡǵеԭɣҲ֪İɣ

˵ȷ𿪿ڣһ󳤳̾Ϣ̾Ϣ͵ͣ˷Уþòȥ

˵ͷ֪ġ

ĻشԿЦһ£ŵʵǰִҪ뿪ңҲͬô˵꣬Ҳ÷شԼҡҡͷ

ϴ˴꣬Կ̧ͷʱһ㡣һ˵ˣ·ȥˡ

һôͻָе࿴

رԿһۣᲽѺܿԺȥ

ţԿͳѸ˵ˡ˶٣˵ѾģԺƴǼǰҵλǣڲһˡ죬ѡգҾͰصӭ

˵վҵĸˣղһ¶

صģһ˵ԺһỤǡ˵գؿŷ

ͷһۣǳǳһЦңθɣ

𲻻شԿҲĬˡ

һᣬܿڵԺ䡣

Ժ⣬ŮǰţһᣬԺŴ򿪡

ԿȺԺ

ԺܰѾˣﻹɭһƬ·ֺͷ

һᣬơŲ̊ϣˣˣ˺Լҹˡ

һ䣬һŲתۼ䣬ܿ˳

޷ең԰׵ϣ˫е㾡ȻһЦе㣬ˣ

Цô̶Կüͷˣ

Ȼܿתͷȥ

Կ죬վƺе㱡

Կüͷøˡ

ǰֱԽߵܿǰͷ㲲԰׵ķܿԿдϧܿˡ

һ仰أܿȻ̧ͷ

ؿԿͻȻʵ»ʽģԲԣ

Կʵܿôˣô˵

ܿͷͻȻԿһ˵Ҳķϣת»ʣ˵ҷܿ᳾֮ˡ

ĻشȫԿϣҲ÷࿴

ٵˣܿ鷢˵ѵ徻룬һҲˡΣǲٻصʹġ

⻰üУһֱûȻ󣬷ܿȥֻǻ㱼֪ԼĲңܿҲǲһֵġ

Ϊһ㣬ӷܿסʱûж𶼲ôԸ⿿Ϊ֪ûµ۵ˣڼŷܿԺ䡣µǧټҵԼ㣬봦ԼɲʲôѱϾܿѪԵϵãȵ۵ĳ

Ȼ룬ֻǷСġţС޴ܲлġ

Կüͷ塣

ضŷܿɫα

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˵գȻתȥ

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˳üɻᲽȥ

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תʮȥˡ

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ܰպ˻Ǻ˵ڣʱķ𣬶ӦһֱӭΪֹ

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һƽýֳƵУԼűģѣӹæµʵ

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ʱ

еߣ˵ųǵǲԶ

ǣǻӦѾּˣֱһŽ¡֪ųǷ࣬붼ֽڻǰϻ



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عͷ

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˼ǻĿһ仰߻ȥ֪µ֪Уһ뽫жƵġȻԶ罫ÿҲ˼еġ˵Եӣǰ֣⼸ղҲΪ

ȻϢҲ˵ԼҽԸ£ֻ¶Ա¸Ӷˡ˵ǸӣʲôʱˣһҲСһһƣ֮£ˣ˸ɾ

룬ǻ˵˵Ҫˣ̫˺ЩҪҪȥЦ̫˵˹ȥ˵Ựءƾˡ



196 ʱ



תۣһ¹ȥˡ

ǳһﶨĻڣֻˡ

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һˡʱսУֻʱҲûУ뵽Ϣˡ

һһصȺУеˡ

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Ϊ˵ǰ޹ˣҲ˵ǲˡ

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ǻЦ˾ܷģҼҽҲûô׳¡

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һȦѻ˵ǻȥɡ

ǡ

أʻȥ

һᣬׯ

ôڽֵһȦƳһϴһ󣬷һϮˬĺװԺͷת

ת˴ʱһ󼱴ٵĽŲţһ󣬻ˣϢˡ

Ȼתضˣʵ˵ʲôǽţȻƽȡ

ǻͷȭԺҪҪȥһ

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һᲽԺȥ

һᣬԺԺУһȫף糾͵ľźִһеˡ

̧ͷ

ǡ

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Ǿ˵ֻǾ֪дӷųǡǱǲϣѶ

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ܵˣҲĬ

Ǿ䳯һۣӻͳһ⺹ʪ˵Ĳݹˣǽġ

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򿪲飬Ϥּǰֻ࣬УһдԶڳʱĲţΪǼһﶨһڡҷǸ壬˱ˣ㾲ĺңһ¡Ȣ㡣

һɣһͷʧ˵ǵĻڣֲգֲ˫֮µġϸµҲֻҪƽ͹ˡ

Ѳ뻳У΢Ц׳ʿ֪;ƣϢƽϡ

лˡ

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ʱˡ

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˵ֵ꣬ض˵ˣҵ±ǡ

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ǻһߣȻת󲽳޷ȥ֪һһʲô빬Ҫ˳ǣЦѲɣԸȥȣ

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197 ֤ʵ



һö⣬±ʮѸ١ӣеϰװҲϣֱӱŴʻȥ

ںһͬеģЩҲ֪ʲô

Ƿͷж֮㲻ôעĿܿ죬һ˱㲻س˳ţ˳⡣

ţһڷָĵطϣ£վԼǰκµĶ׳΢΢ЦЦ

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һһ˻ƵĻϿһƣȴЦʱֱԽľ춯أǻ˫źţƺԱǶϲ;塣

Ŀɨڰգһ˵ʷ飬ڵ伮У˵ʲô

˼ҲЦ˵ʷϣĿá

Ŀá͵һЦ¹ϣʶµ۵ûмֵ֪ģҲ޼ˣ

ЦţȴĮк

°̾һĿȥ

һϺü˫ϤĿ⡣һϲʤ壬Ҳб鸴ӣŵķӡ

ңȺ˽ԵĺУҲ¶һϤȨס˿̣ЩڽضҲȫͬյĴĿ⣬÷Խֱͦ

ʱȺִʤˣ֪¿˳ӭ

ˡ

ֵȻӵţĶ飬ȴҲߵر˽һʱŴŶ⡣

ǣŷ֣ԼȻתͷﳯİһȭ˵λϣĳߵĸ˷ϰףʱöǡ

һ䣬Ⱥбһ󻶺İͬʱźԸ˰úϣʢҵһǰ

˻Уﳯ˷űȭǣŷ֣󲽿˽

ȥ˺һᣬΧİǻԸɢȥ䴦һֱֱضһᣬ̾ﵱ֮Ĵʤ

һϵ̾ǰֻΧãģҫ飬ƺ˶ʤһ㡣£Ϊˡ

ǰһڵ꺺Ե˵ͷȻλʱкüֳġɼԸ³çм֮ˣ˰աǵȵ۱գű˵ǣдţҲƫԣˣҪôύ֮Ҫô֮Ҫôɱ֮£Դ˰ϧ¸

ǰ²Ѿ˺ƣ治֪ǺˡΪֻƥ֮£Ϊ壬û뵽ԹҪ˵ߣ֮ܣ

һ̾У˵Ըһ£Ԧת

˲ٲȴֵֽĶ棬ͣһ˿̣ˣɫӵضš

ˣԿھʱֻԿߵߴ磬ȴϾǱ̫С˵úǣҪе˶ʼĩʮϤҲ޷˼

һԿʻ롣

Կڶϵļⲻʱ鴤š

һᣬҧҧȵȥɡ

ǡ

ԦӦһʻȥ

һᣬŴ˵һԿֱ롣

ڻش£ŹٲԿܿԺվԺмͷ

һ룬˱ͬʱ

˫΢еѪԿԴԵһ͡תۣԼݣ̧ͷ

ת˫ۣؿŷִһҾһЦʵ˵ձǷ˵ĳ֮գΪϲǷ˸Ѿɣ¡

˵գĻнӹһ飬˫ŵ

˸

Ǹµһǻ˵Ҫĸڣ

ǸڲǱµĿտڰŵ

µ۶´£˵ģȴԿ֮ĳϵǴµϵʾú

΢΢һЦ˫֣󷽵ؽӹȻһЦԿ˵Թת£üޣǲ¸ˡ

Ǻǣ˵˵

Կһ˼ȻЦŻ۾ȴһֱŷȴûаЦ⡣

ֱڣ޷ţǾ춯ص£ȻǷģ

˽ǰڼ֧ŸϻȼݵĽױʱȻˣˣ

һΣǲϣҲ;ϣһ˵ļıϣ

Ǹˣң

ؼǵãϢ󣬴һѪ£û

ؼǵãǸʱǱ»ڳĿУ죬ָҲǳ

֪Цһ˼꣬ȴ֪˴š

ǸôشļƻȻΪһһܣһ֪Ҳ©һˣ

ʱһ󳼿ڲԵָıӴţ˵ǳ¹ˣ

֪λȵһڳУûзˡһˣ˶Ӷ˽⣬̸ʲôιƽ£

оԿԼ񣬼˵㯣΢΢һЦ˸˵Թǹͣ

һָ

ԿջĿ⣬΢Ц롣

˵գһǰһǰȥ

ھʱԿŲ΢٣΢΢ͷ⼸н캮ŵĿ˳

Ųӿ죬Կ׷˷ԿͻȻ˵˵˵ãо֮ıȴΪ֪ع򣬵ɲⰡ

Ӳÿ仰Ż棡

΢Цؿӣ΢Ȼ˵Թ˹ˡԵ绨֦ͷӣڹࡣ檵ĲǣһֱеģֻǰڹֵУòӶѣ

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Կһ㵣ɴ۶ŷ𣬼Լŭ£΢΢Ц°͸߸߰˵ڣ˵šģﻹǸǰǵüĿҫۣһˣ

ԿЦһ˵ʱͬˣ⸾һ⣬ºûˡɲ֪Ϊʲô⻰һҲ˵ڡǾãŶķʵͦģʹ֡

ĿƿԿһڷתͷͷʱͻȻ˵ǰڹ֣ڷ֦ͷˣϧˣԿǳõ֮ˡĲƷԣǵպúңҲ˵ٹʤڴʱõ٣ǳþãͷڡڡ

˵뵽µ֮䣬ƲݣӣΪĸˣһдŵĸˣȻҲնݳ֮УоϧֺΡ

úô

ԣɽŲһ٣عͷԿؿͻȻģ˫Уһ浾Į˿ڣԼҹˣ֪е˿εǰ֮£

ʵͻȻԿȻ̧ͷؿ

ĿУȻЦ⣬˵ңεǰ¡ǰУҲ룬ʶұԼҹ˵һֱúõ㣬õٻõԶڻҪߣȹ̵ȨԼɾ²£ôˣ



202  λʵ



Կ⻰ƣ̬ȣȴ֪ʵôˣ

һЦӣͶ˵Ծ˳ţıұˡϧԾٻʱΪľ˼ȵɾò״øλΪҿԴһʱȴ˸֮ء

ڵ˵ǳһһֱضԿĴǺЦ˵Ļ紺

ԿȻ˳һһſ˲ʱ䣬ŷ˵˵

гĸֺƺޣسһ٣е˵˵

Ǻ˵˵ôˣԣôܻεǰƣǻ֮

Կʧ̬һֱգ紺磬ؿֱԿָƽ΢Ц˵ˣεǰʱԾ·£ʸȨ֮ʱ

ĻȻỺһĵỺƺһҲںԿǲţҲƺֻѻ˵ѡ

·֮ʱҲƳǵʱ

ԿһǴǸʱģǸʱĪΪһС£Լ˺룬ߵŮ˵Ƴǻб֣ҪԶ롣

˶ˣʱԼηŭҪ˦⣬ǸовǣȴԼڡʱԼѴƵϣΪǸͯű˸˵ġ

ֻһ룬ɵ㣬벻ͨŲ󣬻еޣͻͻȻĮ˽Ĳ⣬֣ӿͷ

Կؿŷ𣬶紺Ц̣ˮֻ̬ԺһƬ

֪У˳һ

԰ԿͻȻеЦǺ˵˵

ĽͻأȻ¶һˢˢػͷüͷ΢

ߵߣ§ʵôˣ

ҡͷЦ˵£ֻԼҹʧ̬ˡ

ᵽһ֣֡뵽ĲǣԼǰԿ¹һЦǴļӣҪ飬һԽˣǾͲˡ

һӦѵǣ檼ˡ

̧ͷվһ֪࣬ǺõļԼһ΢΢ףƺвʣȥɡ

˵գһ˦뷿С

˿̵Կ˵һ岻ʵģһǰ׵ؿ뿪ķһűҲţվҲʱʱҡ¡

໥һۣæǰԿȥ

˵֣ƽز̺ԿĿǷšֻţͻȻһ㣬ֱ۽е˵˵

ڻһæ¡òװ߳Կּе˵˵

㣬һš˵˵һ߱Ƿԡһ·ϣȨﲻһĻԺˣǰҲ֪˵ʲôһúõĹ˼һ˲ı˵ãɱ˵ĹҲ˵ã

ԿĻʱǳǸоõȨʱ֮ˡǵģʹˣǿǺã

ʻԸʻء

еԿǷ𣬷˯˯ֻ˫۾УͻѪ˿ʱʱģֱ۷ŭ˻һ˵˵

ûе̫ãʻٲԿͻȻر˫ۣûٿһ

һǰ׼ʺʱԿ˻ƣظˡ

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ǻһԵؿԿʾ¡ɻشģȴһعϵš

һأЬһѣԿֱͦͦϡѱ򢴦˫ǱħˣôƵĻҾȻˣ

ȷʵ֮Ǽ˵ʱҲأԼ˵˵ʱҲ⡣˵һжſҧģԼôأ

Ѱ˼Կһ

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.....

һ伫Ϊķ䡣Ʈɴ

Կ´˼ۣ۽һͭеͷñٷĴ磬ʵݣźε˵ݹ־

ֻǣԿһüһģͷһôˣЩ죬ˣˣǰŵʱĹ뷿ﲻͻķôˣ

ʱһŲ

ԿЦվֻɴ߹һˡ

ˣĸ׾۸߱ǣһ͵ĺ˹Ů磬ɲǳšֻǱļУƯˡ

ǰü˵ɣµ۶ӡʵǲá

Կɫףæ˵ģһᾡȫġ˵ͻȻɬ˵˵ˣʱôҲĽܲܲһĻɣ

ôҲĽ⼸һڣ֪ôģԿоԼͷӿһɲᣬһ˵ĸ

һᣬųųһҾл

ɣص㻹˵˵ţͭУݹһ

ʱһת

鷿Уͣддţúܽƺʲôڷ

ʱһŲ

ǽŲ֪ôģԿеıһɣȵصڵءʱƿһߵ󣬵͵ˣʬвݲˡ

Ҳ֪˶ãԿԼĮ֪ˣԺ󲻿ᡣ

ǡ

Ǹȥ

ߺãԿʣһһڲдддţͻȻѱһԼԼ˵޶ɷֻһˣʲôģ

ĻǲдһͻȻ˫ַżУ˵һֱңΪҿǵġһΣҲûӰǲϲռǸλãǲԸ㻹šΥǾٻ˵ҲѴ档ôңңһ·Ǩкܶҹ˯ùڣҪˣҾܱסλãǺܺһԭҵģԲԣ

ﵽԿϣ㱾ȥͷһˡ



Ըȥ׼ҪȢ

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ͻȻ˻һƣԿȻֱɴ˫ۣǰƮεʣŲԶ𣬿ϤһУ˵ԭˣ

ΡһڣԿɫ䣺ôôеˣ˵̬ԣΧһһͬʵΣʵģá



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Կɫףͷ亹乡ֱ˺һᣬȥкˮ

ʱ˼徻ˣһۣߵ˴ǰ

磬׻λε̫еȣյҶ̵÷͡Ŵ⣬ŷ磬Կ˵ǿЦ

˵ſЦϣаЦ⣿

ҡҡͷߵ֮

Ŀ⣬ֻҵָƽĿʶضŴľеһĻһĻٴسǰ

ô÷·췢£

֪УԿѲģ˵Ķģ

ҡҡͷ޷ԼţȴҲ޷Լƽ

ֻ֪Щʱûһ̣ǹԹ޹չ϶޷ܣе龰Ĵڹ

˼ϸ룬ֻһһЦ˵˵˵˵

Ҳ֪˶ã洫һڵʥּԼҹ˿ڣ

ʥּ

ԿӦŻϲҼҷءţҴҵؽŲ

Կͷת֨ѽһ˷š

׼ţȴһͷһ̧Կ

Կڿɫе㱲԰ףҲܹŹ֣·ӣҲ·˼ʲôһ

ԿŽе´ּˡ

ԿջĿ⣬֪ˣƿţոտһͻȻģһϤĻڶ߻죬ɣһգһݺܸ߹Ůˣ繫Ůϲ㣬һҪ޸㡣Ϊ᲻õң᲻ıأ

ڶޱȣ

ǴƳǨʱʹĻʱֻû

֪ΪʲôԿֱñһ紵ֱ乶£㶼ñ

Թˡ̫ǰӻͳһʥּҲô˫Կ

ֱؽӹ뻳У̫ѹ˵˵ˣʵһƼƵĸˣһε£Ҳ䵽档ĳ⣬ֻйǸ˻е㽻飬½й˰

̫һ䣬ԿȻ̧ͷ˲£˺Ϥ̫Ļζʲô˵Ǹ˺󣬿ıߡ

˵̫꣬˵ԹˣȻԿĻͷ̫Ż˵ˣ˼֮ռĳɣԿ԰׵ɫУ˵ΪǸ˵ˣȴֶҲһ֪ʹôһ¹ܴɡΣɾͲҪȴˣȻĻߺߣɾλá

̫û˵꣬еľζԿȴ̫ˡ

ˣ̫ĻһأԿɫѿ˼㡣̫࿴˵ԹӦ֮λãƾʲô

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Կͷ͵ö̧Ƶģ̫̾Ҳ˵ˣ²˰ڰñɡ

˵գ̫һ񣬵˺úĥɣˡ

תԿе̫࣬߻һͣģ꣬Ρ

һ̫ЦؿԿ˵̫꣬಻ͷ˵ǸаţԹˣһ£ͱˡ˵գһ˦ȥ

̫ıӰԿɫ׽ӡ

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Կعͷ

ϳŷźۣ֬ȴƵ˫еǵİۡ

Ҳе֣Ų˺һʵɣôˣ

ԿûлشֻջĿ⣬һȥһߣһǰڣΪˡҪûԻңҶȻֵһҪﻹҵߣƾĲǣҺΪƷ٣ȴ̫ҲҹȻǳ⣬䳰ȷģ

ͬʱУѾȥµ͸ׯӡôһṦ򣬸Ѷ˲ٿֵİա

ķֲͬǣԵ徻ˡûʤùﲻĺؿͣҲûзĹƺ˲ԼͬĴڡ

һ㣬ﻹǷ𣬶֪µ̬Ȩﴫ飬Ӣ˵ãҲһԱ佫µ̬ûлǰû˸ǰʸ

ôһЩϵǳĹԱ˲ǰҲûбҪעĿ¡

ѵõ徻Уϴһ¡˿̣ԺŽһྲطĴѡ

ʱȻȣһһˣȴ͸һڣ·һзǺ޸ϵ

һὣսʣ

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ʱһŲ

ȷƿվֱ󣬵˵﹬ⶼûж

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ȻϢɽʮӣҲҰµ˵

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˻֣˵ˣȥǰɡתַԸмţ˲

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ոᲽһ󼱴ٵĽŲתۣһһˣ˵ǰؽġ

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204  



һᲽȥ

ɫѿæᲽϡಽ֣ס֡

СһģŭܵһͷϷ״ɰͷŭ֪ôģʱһ롣

ôҲ󶨡֪һ»ʶ޼ɵƣջ˼㡣صкһֱûзմԵʡ˿̣µʲôѱ

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һΣͷĻźͻͬʱͷ񣬱֮ŲҲŽŲôҲԽһ

ˣֻﲢջͷһ̣¶һĨЦݣѾˡ

һſʱŮǵļ˻ڶ̧ͷһֻһſ⣬ǺѹѹģǧΧߡЩΧУһݻŮӡ˫۷ŹؿһƿŶеǡ

ʱ˽еˡ

һһͬʱᲽͬʱ

һ߳һſվǡЩӣپ£ȴŨüš

һȥЩӶЩơ֮ʣһķüͷԹߣһ۱ܿЩӣų͸ɫµ۵ıͣȻǰı׼ѡģ

վǰǸĺǰһԽ׶ϣһҾļŽյü治ʤҡ

ﱾһһţתͷ

һתͷüͷһֲ֪УĽʣ

ǰ꣬Ȼƣ̫⣬ֱˡ

ɫȻЦտ̧ش촽˵˸ӢۣĽڣļҲ⡣һεõݼʵļĸ

ֺã鹧һ˫˲Ҳ˲ؿͦúֱȻ˵ĵĻ̬Уǲ񣬵ҲԳѡ

ˣļһأŮ㴫һСУмشĶУļɾÿĶɡء䲻ǰˣȴҲѵõӡº۹ء

һһ䣬֮ʣǴе˼˵ʵ裡

֪Уɫ֪࣬Уڽʵ֣ȥ

ʱļ΢ЦؿŮļԽԽ˷ʱһķͻȻǰ벽վǰ

ĿУôһվ˲ʱеĿ⣬ŮǣʱҲֹͣУͷӶ

һϮѣãЦĿŵؿļ꣬ļɾ˵Ƿּǰ֪ʥּڣ

Ǳ׷һƷļݲ꣬ûıҪЦ紺磬ȴҲǱֱ

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ƷȣԴָǹٽףԺָλݡ

仰˵ᣬļɫ΢΢˱䣬Ŵ˵ûƷȡ

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ǺǳԼˣĻļһɫ䡣

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˵գὩһصˣǣ֣һ˦Ჽſȥ

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ļҲڵأţֻԼܸЩӣûüء

ۿ˾Ҫţһ̲סȵȡ

ߵͷһҾ˴ͻˣǿǱµˣҲǷ˱µĿġ

һ䣬عͷЦЦؿ

֪ߵһԲȴƱ䣬ת֡

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ĿӦл佱ϣĻ˶Լ

һ˦˦䣬˳

һˣһò£ٴᲽǰȥ

ʱļᲽһҾ̧Ľ˵СܵһμеʮС֪һ£˵֪ɷСܻһ֣

һ䣬ȺУһֽаɽаɣǳñֵܡ

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ʱ΢Цļ峺У¶һĨѣһĵطɣ·ڴһ̣



205 Ҹ



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ųһ˲ʱһ˶ɴ˫ۣ˵ЩŮǣʱҲ˷ӳӦüУӦֹ

һ΢ʱһֱŵķȷӦæְϡ

޷ŭ˺ܴذɫɱĵ𼱼ؽе

תͷ΢Ѫɫ˫

еʪ⣬˵ǴӰҲѪ

ֻһ䣬ŭ˼㣬̵˼˲ʱ侲ؿŷ𣬿ϲ˿̣к£ʪ⡣

ˣĴӣʧ

뵽ش

ɱйһ ۹һļ˫ʧְشĿ⡣ļؿŷˣվߣɫȫһһأЬҲ䡣һһ仰ı⣬ӱŭбƽ͡

⸾ˣǸȤġ

ʱһﳤʣļתͷ߸̧°ͣԼĮдư̾ʧˡ

ͷһҲ˵һץֱۣߡ

˵գ˿˴š

ֱǵӰʧڴУŷӦż

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תͷ˫أԴ￴һۣ˵Ҹղ˾ţ岻ʣܴ͡

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ʱ˵Ҳ߰ɡ



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һ仰˵ܿɫֱˣŴͷһ˵ˣʲô㡣

תۣ뵽ʲôڵתͷ촽˲ֱһЦĪǣ뵽ʲôҵĺ÷ӡ

ҡҡͷ˵Ǳ͹ģûʥּĸ

ܿЦһȻˣܹʲôѵ԰ڵҸ

ϵõȻ˵ͷڷܿɴ˫Уվһ߻Уһ۲ˮģ渵˵ձҪˡ

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УҸǷܿûмģҲûҸ㣬һʱſڽ࣬˵ˡ

һᣬܿв֪ôģʺ

ȻҲ˵Щʲô΢ЦŲ˲ͷҴʱм俪ʼıĸ׵ᣬǸ׵ĺǳ⡣Ƕ۸ңֻĸһ˶ҺãǲšҼԿһֻһ²

Ŵ˫գ۲ˮؿܿϸϸ˵֪ܿôֱһҲֻ֪Ϊ˻ȥõĻȥǺܿ¡ھðӪӪµµиԷɣ˵ӣǲء

ܿɫѿˡӪӪµµĶǣ˵Ĳ𣿲ԣֹ¼еĸˣǹΪĸĻʺҲˡЩʵĹˣҲˡ

תֳһƬҶ˵һǲˡ

ıӰķܿʱͻȻ˵㣬㻹ǵŮ𣿡

סܿ˵˻ݣʱҰŵһׯȥ̺֡û뵽ȵ۳µӣȻˡֱұµ͵֪֪Կ˵ʲôΣ

̧ܿ°ͣ˵Ҳ֣ԴԿǸ󣬵ǲˡˣҼ˵㣬˵ȻǳڣȻҲ㡣ǳ嶯ŭֺǿʤ˵գؿһ˴۵Ҹ

תͷʵһң˵нҪ¸˵ʲô£븥йô

һֱ˽֪ܿҪĸԸ˵ʲôֱѯʣòֻ㣬ԼչʾҸͿ֣Ż˵һЩԼ˺£ͼﵽԼĿġȻ˵ˡ



206 Ҹ



̧ܿͷЦôȤˣ

ˡȥǹĨǵҪࡣһΣҲ֪ܿȥˣҲòκζ˵ܺôһٳ

ˣ׼Լô

𵭵һЦÿɷֻתͷȥٸȤתܿ򴽣˵֪ĻҿԸ㣬ҪӦһ

عͷ

ЦЦؿŷܿ˵˻ǲԼĴȻˣôͼŰɡ

˵գһ˦ȥ

ܿһֱĿıӰֱ˺һᣬɫѿһߡ

һԺ䣬üԭԿΣô˵ԿӲĹͣ

뵽һߡ

ոתһŮˣм㡣

£

æʵ



Ůŷ𣬴޷ճ޷Уȴá顱һȴǷŴ汻عˡ

紵ĴƮֱ÷һڵתͷȥֱţ룬ֻعͷ

ʱһ˫ֱȻؿס

˶죬ͣûзӦ˱§סĹĵظǱ˸š

һѱ⧲֮£ҪССſʱһ˹ôסĴ

˫ۣ˴˫ԣ

ԭ

һͬʱ˫Ȳһһæ 

վֱӣȭͷؿشһ£ŭصͽеʲô

ͻȻŭʵǴϡ£ɴ˫ۡ

أ£ؿش˼£κֱҲһüͷŭͷһͣݺҧֱۡ

һҧأתۼѪ˿߶һС⣬ݺݵҧһֱоζŨңѪȾѣŭȥ

ŭһϲԼʧءһֱߣԿߣ侲ǵġҲƵؿţϲŭԡŭɫʱ򣬻ƽСһʱ֮䣬ԼҲסˡ

ǲѪֱ۴һᣬڹ̧

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ĿԣգգʪĽë˵ôô˵ӡ

һΪε˵ңֻΪ֪ôˡ

ʱﴹĶĽëͶŨŨӰƺһᣬŵ͵͵˵ôô

ͷ̲ס§ľѣ͵˵֮ǰһΣУұһŮƭһ䣬һİƣԾˡ

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գգѹǣɳƵʵǣϲô

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𡣡



Ҳϲ㣬ǻϲ



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⧲סǵͽһҪ˵ʲôͷһת˰ڵľ޴ԡͰ

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Уʵⶫʲôʱ˴ġ

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ǰ

ڵʵҸղҧ㣬ʵ㲢ܣΪ˴ﵽԡĿģαװĵģ

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̶ûôѪ

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⻰һֱǿЦã˵ǽҪȥӭװ峿ͻأӭ⣬ⲻ

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207  ȥأ



ǹһߣϲ̵طң⣬ػ𣿡

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ĶỺϸƺͨһᣬֵ͵ͻ𣿡

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ЩֻϣѾ̧ͷ߳һ˵ǻòɱ

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˫۵ķëȣµӵΪǰġҲ֪˭Ӱ죿ôΪΪˣ

ʱԵһӵĴƣҲ˼֡

һԳ񣬷μװ˯ҲοֳĬУʱ佥š

Ҳ֪˶ãһռģһе㼱洫аϢ

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ǡ

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һ񣬵˵дϢһ֣üͷһ˵

飬νð֮˵ųһսвǧˣ²ųһ뷴Уʵ߹ڹ֪߳ܣԵãԳ´󹦣ͼ۾Ϸյȵȿʥּڽ֮ʱ´

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֪ŸɹˣҪԸУҪ˺Ƥô

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뵽Ѿ׹ֻ⸶µļƲߣһαһƺ֪Ǻ

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ǡ

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˰ʱ󣬶ͣ¿ںһᣬһϣٴ̡



һ̣ǱɣһʱѶԶԶ



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š

ͷؿŷͻȻʵȥ

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˫ۣϷ˫ۣ˵ȥؿ

أ

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ͷü͸һ˷ܡҴӽعôӳ¹ѶǲлҲˡʱɨһ

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һˣЦسŷ˵ȥأ˲ˣ

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˵գµĿٴο

ûв쳣ԴǾ䡮ȥء֮һֱڻС

ذ游һӣСŵĽأΪһûлġû뵽ôͻȻôĿ죡

ţһЦš

˵ͻȻ¶ǵһУͻȻȥؿһʵǴõ¡ϾڵǰľУȡΪķ൱ĿڸҪǣȨ˽ɽҲǸϸĵԽԽԸġ



208  



ֱһᣬ§𣬵ʵ

ʵеˣУһҲ˯š

һЦ˯ɡ

Ӧһг˯ȥ

Ҳ֪˶ãһ˵ѡֻѾ١

һֻܻԼһСƿӣոЦЦ˵ˣѵʱ˯¡һʱҪء

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߹ְЬ£Ȼ뱻Сְ§ڻһǷƵ˵һȥ;֪˯ɣ˾Ҳñս

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һᣬᴫԼҲǾͷٴγ˯ȥ

Ǳҡѵģʱæϴһ£ͱõС

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ˣһ磬Ǳس˼ţׯ棬ϲξǵȥֱȵȨһˣҲаЦﻶ

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Ϣһ***һʱҲˡ

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ŭеı£ƺûע⵽ЩԡѰңеū;ȥһһʣգƺõʲô𰸣죬дʱڵķʱֻùвʱ鶫кüѪ̫ܵˣ̧˻ʹ

ʱѾȷЯҪŵķˣ뿪ǵϢϢͬʱǷ׷׶Ĳ²⡣ʱ򣬻ֻʶ֮ʿоܹһ¹ƽ󽫾ѾˣȥǱ±£

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Уʬδ㻶ϲϲӭȢ˵Ĵ˷ӭֺõү

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£޷ԼԷ˼Ҳ޷ֶֹԼľ档ڣһŭһӣ·ŵƽһǵγءУŲԸͬУֱߣǰС

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мΪƺϵףֵǰŮϡ

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Կһ⻰е㲻ͷˣô£ҲȺܶ࣬˻֣ȥһɡ

ŮոתԿȴͻȻ˵ЩˣȥĶǼù֮ߡɷһŷǷǻ۵ģֻһˣ

ĻŮǰĽŲһתۣŲӿ죬ᶨشͨ鷿˳ȥ



209  ࣿ



һоʱѾ˳¹߾

УߵʮСģټԾڵľӳʮ˽⣬û谭

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һֱ˶ʮ죬黹˽Ȼ·ҲԷҲɵľڼǲ޹ͼʱûоĿ뿪

ǰ˵ٹ£Ǳ㵽˽ˡ

һ仰³𼤶ͨ졣ӼоȴҲ߸ټһγûдŮһӦʳסУҪԼ֣֪У˲٣ԭԷٸΣ˼ݺ

𼤶һų޺ȵߡ

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ܷ˵ĽŲ΢Цתͷܷˣæվ𡣸ոһܷһһм˵֮ҡĪ˷ˡǧҪ񡣡

һ˵һʾŮǰѽзһ࣬תܷ˹˵֮ΪСС⣬˲Ҫ

Ůһһؽһȴǲ͵ظԼһƣȻͷ£

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㵵ػعͷĿɨľӣæã˿̵ͷǾˮ˳΢ĺ촽ǹģѻ°ͻ¡Ȼͷ¸ԼϾơ

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˵գתֶǴҴȥ

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һһ䣬Ȱȥġ

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˵ԳЦνӿ֮Է˿ɶ֮㣬ڷ˿ڡУĳ˵ģصúļƺеЩص㣬ģЦһ㡣



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˱ûĿģ±ܹǼӿһȥһṦǱ뿪˺Ӱ˹ٵϡ

һĻߵһ¹һ߸̾񣬷֪ʲôʻŽһͣ

ĻŵĻƵƵͷȷڣеۻҡӰĶڣͣŴССʮֻŽŲµСߺȸͣŻ֮ĽѵŮ󸾣ҲŤ֫ȺУһ㴩

ڶǣҲʱĹǺֱײǳü㣬ͼĵҲɫߺʱʮģʳǲе󰡡

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ڹٵϣٵ඼СũǰԼģ׵С¼ʮкŷˡ

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һ࣬һϵ⼸һ鲻ţɿŷ浱ƥҲ˵ǵƥУһûôһҲֻ֮һѡ

ͻȻɽϿһĻ̲ס˵ɵˣԶԶȲϸղȥһɾǸɾ˵òˣ֮ԣֱɰӶȥ



215  ڴ



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һߣһ߹ԳЦСģ˼˸ñطһҲӦȻиʲô

һ䣬һײԾҼɾûȻءˣκιȴڳһʶļʽɾ˴뿴Ǿסĵطˡ

ײ⻰һǻЦøˣֵС֮ܵĵط׼ˡⲻȻ񻹽ʲô

ڻĴ֣ײͼؽУŶЦЦȻڳ¹ʱйŵˣҲüŵˡ



217 뿪



һṦ򣬼ūͼҴ,ߣ˵˼仰

ţɵüͷѾ峯һţ˵߰ɡ

еȥ

ЦЦȥˡ

˵գڣǲỺسסׯȥ

洫ߵһüͷ壬˵һһģһ˵һûؽе˭ѽ

ҽĹˡ

һæ˿˷磬׵ɣɻ´ţʵǣ

ɱ˫֣Цͷǰͷϰ𣬱˵¹ˣӱݳǰ

̬º̸ͣţһڱͷݣæӦǣǣǡܿ

Ļžһ̸ŶǴϢʱĴԣеæ죬룬롣

ɣĻţĵʵ

ǣ֣һǰȥһ˵ǣɡ

ˣ˵ͷǣŷ֣ǰȥһᣬ˱ԷŴʱݳѱӭԺȥ

һۿԷͬʱŲһɲӯӯһʱݳҲһĿԹתöڵʵʵݳһЦֵصһİطţֱ˿

֪ʣһۣ˫ֱأû˵㵹ϢͨǺܡ뵽ղǸճµģּһ䣬ˣ֮ôעҲһ죬֮ͱһһ

ݳЦˣҡҡͷ֮ͣδע⣬ڲͬ

˵˻֣ʾ˲ظšᲽͷ߰ɡ

á

ಽظں棬ǰȥ

ʮݳϵЦݣ˵֪סĳŵġոտɵӹ뿪ðǰˡ

ͣ½Ųתͷˣʵǿ֪ɵݣ

ҡͷݳЦЦ˵ˣһóӪټϳɵü޸ΪڽҲ졣˶٣Ż˵ɣƽжãѾƣˡƾЩǿľƺˣ˲ȨǣҲǳѲ

˵գˣЦʵǳǰ֪ǿĸʣһ˫۾ȴбѾ֪

￴ջ𣬴һߡ

ŭʱݳϵЦٴһգ˵ǰǳɵݡǼȻۣѵ徻

˶٣Ŀתϸϸһ󣬿Цǰ̫;ʧ٣˱ѰȴϰһͻءǸǳ¹ˣϰ֪£

̧ͷݳ峺񣬵˵ͷ֪ɳġ

ȻˣݳЦһ£ˣ˵Ȼˣ˵ز˾ǻ뿪ɡһᣬִգգۣЦǮˣȥһ

̧ͷݳ͵˵˵̫Ҳ

ݳһ˵Ȼ׿ǵģ֪ˡڳ¹ǹš㵽˽һ߿ܣ˰˿ڿŶˣǳˣһֱΪɫ꣬ǵһУᱻ̫֪顣

תԱдеҶ˵ңڳ¹ҲԸΡĵ׼ɵţҲûнա

Է˵ڵ̫ʱĿֻǣϾһ˿ң˵ӹԽˣĪ𾴺ͺøС

棬޻˵

ڷҧŴĬʱһ˵ã

̧ͷݳ˵ڣ뿪

ݳͷáһסճµ졣

˵תͷ𣬴һᣬЦհ˵ؽҲӦֻҪˣһչ㡣£ݳʳˡ

ҡͷ

ݳЦЦŷеͣյһμʱðԵģǲֵڰһҲǼżɡ

ڹأܾı˿òһ

״æ˵ݼɾ֪ձϾͻؽˣһʣһᲽȥһߣȻظϣݳ˳Ļͷ˵¡

ʱ֪ݳֹǳ¹ڱ׿Ҳһꡣ䣬Ȩң֡ں˲Ϸߣ֪µݳǱŵҪְϡҲΪ;ڽΪУЩʱ˲ʿͺϿɡ

˽̸˶ʱݳǡĿıӰá

ⲻҪĽ

еĽ˶ĽòˣˣȴҪϣȴҴ뿪

ǣ뿪ô֪ߣһעѵ徻ѵڡԸ񣬻һٵһֱƴֱףֱˡ

ݳһߣټԼؾû顣

æµʰʱһֱڻСڽкܶûûҵ游Ĺ磬Ҳû߱齨ɽɽˮˮûмʶʿ

ת۱ȥˡ

죬һ磬ͷˣӰʻȥ

һֻͨص̴ĻŵĴ£Ըһ̡

ӱߣʮ̴ֻһſʻʱվڴͷķͻȻȺһƿĳݳؿ

ҲԼݳһЦ΢˵괺ʱԸ

ַʿ

еЦе㯣ԶԶģݳһȻɴֻ˶һһأ뿪أ硣

¥󣬽Ұбģʱߵ紵ˮ˵ȡʱ֪Уۿ

ͷˮһһεؽڼװϡ

ǣӵĽʱĹôҴһζָô

һĻߵߣʵﷵضô

أһۣ˵˵Ļˣڲǻȥʱ򡣡

ǣ

ʣ˻֣˵ͨȥԭ·ء˸ͣٵĵطȻ

ǡ

һˣȥߵ󣬰˸㯵§˻С

оؿѱ˹ȥ

ʱʵΪԼ˶ãǱԷضˣ

⻰Ǻ֪ʣΪֻתƷע

ȻתעѰ˼һᣬ˵ηչȥ¶ѡ˵ӣ΢ʱٻȥʱһУ᲻ͬˣ



218 ټ



һ̤Ϲٵ·ƻʮպͻȻͣ°ɡ

ҵɽˮ㣬ụ̃򼸸ĻŻȥǰ׼һ£Ǿʱ

λڽ߽磬Χ԰òŽķ㣬͸żֱ߾еĽŲټϣٵˣ˺ͽ˶Уøǲ١طͣӦ׵ġ

ǼӦһȥﶢǧ̶ӿһᣬ֪ͨȥдϡ

ǡ

ȥɣ׼͡

ǡ

Թͺ̫Ѿ£ЩɳĻҲǰѾҲҺԺ䣬ֻ˹ȥס

£˱Сĳǳذ

ʮԺҲˣǰڸɽУһŶǵϢ

еصţǳǷ򣬸Կ˵ȴǼù

ʱһһعȥ˼һʼûаϢʮʹЩֶΣЩ˶ᶯĵջ󣬷·㲨Ҳûо

ͬʱԽԽƽǣûлʮֻóе⼸Ͻͻʳʮط˫˵ʤȴҲס˷Ĳ

һʤʮµϵУʵǸ˲

Ϊ׿ľѾִ¹߳ǣʼ˵һ

Уͷǽϣþһ

ʱһŲǽŲǾѹѸ˺ͷֶͭеԼգϼһʮЦݺ

֨ѽһһŮ˽

Ÿ˸ͷӣԹ˵Ҫ

Ц֣Ѱ˼һᣬͷ˵ɡ

ǡŮ¡

ĿŮ£ϵЦһֱûһһЩദʱϰߺͱ飬ȫѧԷ

һᣬŲ죬ԿЦģʵޣ

ǡ

Ǻǣǰ㲻˾н

ǡ

֨ѽһŴ򿪣ЦԿ̧ͷ

һĿֻڷУǴɴȴŹڻĸһ˫ңԶĮӿĿ⣬Կһ뵽˵깬еƵķܿ

Կ㶣ЦЦ˵Թˣһ˵һ߶壬һڡ

áԿæǰá

ȻһϤ׽ģзɿһĨתۣ׵ʵԹǰΪˣ

Կ˶Եһڣش񳯾ַ׷ף֪вǰʲôԸֱԡ

УŨ

ЦЦһ˵ԹˣûʲôҪԸġ

仰УصĲ죬Կһʱ˫ǳЦԹ˵ǰޣǹ֪ͺˡ

⻰һԿٴһ˶˵ǰ㻹ء㶼֪£ô֪

ʱգĻȻ˵ڡ

һĬУ˷䣬˵Թ£¡

ǾӸ¡Կɫ΢䣬һ۸վͷˡ˵ſʱԿͣ½ŲͷҲصس淿ȥĸһۣһģ°ȴôô˱Ťһ࣬ΪԼǹˣ

ԿһˣһŲһᣬһŮվڽ䴦͵͵˵ӣַˣ˶ӣһ塣

ַˡ֣ɪһ£ҧŴɫ˲԰ʱǻʢװȴ뵱ڷǰСŮʱһ޶

һᣬʵ£¿ᵽң

Ů֪ڵӣµľǵᵽҡҡͷµǲټ֡ĳϣǻѸȥʺšڲٽˣһ⡣

ҧŴһһŸɬ˵°ɡ

ǡ

Ůһ£֣ץסƮһڡ̡һָӡ󣬸˫һҧгݵϰ㵽Щʲô

һգͻȻ˵ǿˡ

ڿǰٲһµ˶һڣתͷȥ

ȴһ͵ģֱӷԸ֪ͨȥʻ򶼳Ƿ򡣡

ǡ

Ȼת𣬵߰ɡ

ǡ

סеɻ󣬻طʰԼ

ǧ˷ֳӣҲעĿټϣһ·ϴĶ̶ӵţеĶǧ͵ļٳţУװʳϵȵĽ˿ЩԽأȽ˶ٵĶת˵ǣ׬嵽ʮϲת˵ġ

Щ̶ӣ֪̻ȴΪ;зڶ࣬СҲҶˡһ㣬ûнɡ

ֹˣĶҲ˴磬ҲѺŴʳ˿

ȴұ棬һ˳Щ׬ȡǮ

ŻǰУһ·ϣССĵʮ𡣲ЩˣǻĶ֣ЩɵСװɵɽˣҲЩս罫һ֮

һ·ƽƽʱһ¡ʱ֪һһȥУﶼڶеļϸͲ֮˽ڣǳֱ뵽˳⣬¹ûз֣ûʲô

ٽĻŰݽƴźú󣬱㿪ʼССĵ͡Ȼ䲻ڶһأܵĳǳأҲ롣

ǮԾ˵ٶʱ¹˵ǷণΪ׿ľѶԳ¹߹صĳǳطǿƹһ²ǡ

׿·ǹһǳأǸǳصǮݵһٶգĳڲԸİ˵ڳ䵱ūˣµǳأ̶գԪˣ¹Ƕأûиʮʮ꣬Ҳǻָ

ڱ׿ǳشʱǵȨգ޷ٰԽԽ˶ʮµ˻ɣǻȵۣǡزڴ¡һһҺͷ飬ڶӣʱ̣һֱڵʮ£޷ƽˡ

һգҶˬõӡУͷϵɴñתͷŶҵ͵ʵȥ

ػشɴ䣬ǡ

ϻ̾һʵȥʲô

ȴһЦ˵ʱ֪ˡ

شҲǿȣֻƿʱǰˮУȥóһ·

֪λˣ

ڷʱֻǰʮһߴĻسӵ£ĵĵʻͬʱĶУǹеĹˡǸˣѲʮµӣԣʶʮµĸ˵ҲǸ˵ԭǸһƷ˷˵ŮءҲ֪ʲôˣȻһԾɻӼ

ɫ΢䣺ǸɰһǱˡ

ԽԽģƺƵĶ飬̲סͷһԲӺʵȥ

ԲӳһۣУִɴΪĻҸˣ¹شȥӣϲȥׯˡǸĺ˰˸Ҳ˹ţʱʱǰȥ̽һ



219 벻



һЦֲŪ˵𵱳ŹСŮû뵽нɣ

˵滪ĸֶһۣһЦշ֪ʲôڡ

һЦ

ڻǰţһṦ򣬱Ѿ˷Աߡ·һ˿Ӧವתͷ߿

ǣֻӿͷʲô쳣ɻ˼ۣջĿ⡣

Ŀ֮ľһЩޱĽ񣬷ǰӣϲģãһĳɹڲһ׿ӡǣڶȴֻеĻš

ְؿϣҧŴϣô֣

ʵ븮ȥٶ࣬ҲˡҲǵܿԺתתֺĿ˵ķ˿ڵԼ֪ǲͻȻԼǡôŵġ

ǣһһεȥҵһСԺ·𿴵Ӻ侲Եʮ˲ķҲ·𿴵ǸԼһ׿·𿴵վʱһֶʺĿ⿴ԼϹϾġ

ʱãܵõĶʺĽǽ˵Ľʺ޼Ҫʹ졣

ɺֻһҲҳԼǰţֿʼҧ

ĳǰʻȥһᣬȺʼ߶ҲˡȺӿ߻һߴϤİľɫһ߰Ѱ˼ʱ⻤ȻѾˡ

ٴһЦôųȷʵǺôų⸮ţ֪ӭӭȨ󳼣ǻʺҲɲһ񸥶ڴĻʮ

Ҳͷ΢ЦؿһĻ뵽ղżĸģ治Ůʱȡ

ҡҡͷѳ¡

һᣬŴʻһΪͨĿջǰѶѹѹȥ

æϡ

ڲòʱ򣬿ջ壬˽Сæӭϡ˻֣ʾ£ɳɤ˵˵ġ

СȻ£Ҳ׷ʣʵʵ˵һࡣ

ת¥¥ȥ

һ϶¥㿴Ӷ¥Ĳ߳ߴӰЩƤ׾ĿӣǸ棬Ϥףɴۣһ׿ʹߡѿڶ

ЩˣȻǱ׿ˣ

ʱ˵



ĿЩ׿ʹ߽䣬洫һ׿е

û뵽ﵽ뱱׿ʹᡣ

֪ڱ׿Գ¹ǳ¹ĵˡ

ˣ˶˵¹ļҹԴһƺԳ¹еǵѾһաĿУѾû˳¹

潻̸е죬ʱʱĻм¹ţͻȻһ䡰һ֮λ⻰÷Ķϸǻת򣬶ҲûƵ̸

ʱһţֱһʱʹ߲ŴӲ߳Ŀʹһһȥʵôѡڶ᣿

ﵭ˵ʮҪ̸Ǿˡ죬Ҫ죬ʽ̲Żڳ⡣

˵ת𣬼ɫе㱣˵㲻

˺һᣬ˵е㡣

бķ֪ǵнТ˵ʲôҪò°ͣؿŷ˵ǣҪף¹ҵļҹҲҴʶѧıǵ䣬ǿʤ

ͷˡ

һᣬƵ˵֪

֪ǰƷ£ʮµܣԼĻȨΪТ޹ءҲһֱ֪ŷǵ۵Ϊ

ôһһ㲻ڣѾһյʱûʸΪۡ

Щԭ֪£ôΪԼǧ˳ᱸأôվǸˣǸΪۣΪȨأ

ӵŲߣʹվֻһˣվֻһ˰Ը㣬㣬ǶĿؿڿϾﰡǰǸֻֻܸпﰡ

һĬУʵΪۣ

ﵭ˵㲻֪𣿡

򴽣ʵǣʱδң

ﱳתſһ˵¥ݴɤӣ˵𣬵³ɺһӭȢΪޡǻʵۣҵĻʺ󡣡

ᶨ·ġ

һᣬﶼûػشعͷ

һͷ͵ķüͷ̲סʵʲô

ֱ˵䣬ѹ˻ͷͷؿ͵㣬һ׵ԼȨô

ʵĲʺϵʵۣһʺվǸ߾λϡңԺУǲǾ䡰һ֮λ˻ʵֻۣһ꣬Ҳʺ󣬻ʲôЩŮϲϲ޹أֻҪǸλãֻҪҪЭǱڡ

ԭ԰ѵһһģΣɲ֪Ϊʲôߣ

ͷ

˴εͷʵ鷢һƮǰ˴εɫе԰ף˵Ĵ

֡оʮֱ§뻳˵ǵǴ˴ι£Ϊۡ׵۵˵ǵĻʺҵĴ㣬ͬ⡣

˵ȻһЦţٹʮ꣬һǿŰǰȥӵġ

ĻУþöһֻǱ۾һһ뵽ģΪ۵ЩУҪ˻ʵۺ󣬲ֻһ˰ɣ͸ˣͲں˵ģôַͿأ

οݣȢΪ˸ԼΪޣǺ˲ġ㲻֪ܲ㡣

УУԿʱҲйһ¶Ů֮¾ĶҲֲʱšããһҲ㣬ҲбģȤ˵ġ㲻Ĺɡ԰һҪһ㣬ҪӦһ㡣Ӧͷſԣſ

ţؿһĶƻ޷ǲ

Ҳ֪˶ãŵ˵ǻȥɡһ˵һĻͷ˷鷢̧ͷʱĿɫӨ浾

ڻָˣһЦЦӣֱҫۡǣŷ֣¥ȥ

߳ջʱͷһۣȻջĿ⣬Ϸȥ˻ʵҲкô٣Ҫ׬Ǯ׶ˡ

ȥ취ݳϵϣʲô̫ˣһ˻ȥ



220  ϲ



һֱüѰ˼ú˷תͷȥ

ϣڵ߸нУͦñֱģϱ

ſţﲻְϣ˵ʲô

ҡͷĿˮؿЦ˵룬һи

иСĽ̻УĶͻݣͣи˺ȻֻռˣȻ޷ǰǰ㵱ͻݵĴˡ

ôãôãõҸʱֻʱʹͣõڶȻ˿˿Թ

üĿˮؿԼﲻɵ͵һЦͻȻչȥıǼһҧ

ʹæƿ˫ۣʹˮ￴ˣֱЦ𵴲ѣĥıǼ

нУ֪УĽֵʱĥŵѷ˿ͬʱתͷȥ

Ŵɴñĸĸ澵سӵ߳ڻͬʱ

ʱ˵һ仰ֻ˻֣ʮһɢʱߣֻĸˡ

Ҳû³ƺ鲻ãͷطʱһ紵Ƿ紵ɴ¶ɴñ£ôݣԼۺɫĴ̡òô˺۵ȥǳªĿˡ

ƺûע⵽Լɴѱ紵þñϡ֣ʶذ˿ϣ˫üôߵķţƽ˼ࡣ

ģЦЦʱͷһķͻȻ˵



˲һ飬εĹǣǵļ״֪ʲô㡣ˣ˳ųϢȥ

ͷеЦ㻹˽ˣ

΢Цǽ棬г𱨳ж

⻰ﰮһЦС

ĴЦҲݸ˵ʵѾܲùˡ

Ц̸У˳ǣǵľӴ

תۼ䣬ȥˡ

죬׿ʹˡһȣһΣȴʮֵ͵Ϣؽ붼ǵġ

ʹС

ɳˣѾǵˡ˴Σ洫ĽŲҲάֲ侲վһűʵΣ

ģһ̫ࡣ̫ҡͷػص´Ҵϯص޹б㷢˺һֱͨ˵šдƴһսĻ˳һ˵ˣ

ʮ˳ǸױϹ˫ۿЩԶ˵ĳЦ黹ǳŪһЦ֮УǼºûƢԵһɽ죬Ȼô˵Ļòˡ

һ̫࣬ڷתԽתɫԽѿ

ʮ¶֪ıȥҲáʱ»ǻʵʱǱˣŻҲˣͻȻʧǰ

ʱֻããһߣʮ²źʩչıܿס£Լλ

û뵽Գ¹ԣҪĵضʮ˵ֻҪ˵£һ

ڣϾزﻹӰȫޣ˵Ļ䵽˿մ׳ļƲߣ˵Ƕӣʳ

ûиһǵλҡҡ׹ҧ޷ժɴ¶һŻ˿͵ĸ׼Ťšصذżһ޺޵صͽеϰ𣬱ҿ㣡

ڸҧгʱһ

˭һȣдʱһֹһᣬһ̫СŴϢˡ

һͷʵʲôϢˣ

Ϣˡ

顱ײسѷһ˵ʲô˵

̫මȻϹ˷ܣɫͨ죬ʹ˺ҲһʻһŤ˲ʱһͷȵƳǡƳˡ

Ƴǣظһ飬ͻȻ˫һʣ԰ȥôû뵽ƳأǷǴƳǳġ£϶һ뷨ܡԼôû뵽һأ

ʱ̫̽鵽Ϣͷ˵˺󲻾ã׷ٵһɻƳǵҷˣҷӴ󣬶ҸǰƳǰձʱȻĻ©ˡͷ縸ϳױ˳ֺеڼ飬ԼĶ͸¶ǰ£ٶٱúΧЩȫߵĳ档ǱǿͨǵϢ͹ܵһ˼ֻǹҷ

ʮĸʾֱڲſⲻһϢǱֳ٣ȫϸˡ

ʲô

ޱߵϲ򸥶ӿΪ΢΢

Ϣģ˵Լʮ׵ļƣûг϶ǶԵģһֻΪ

ϲУ򾲵̫ʵ˵һУȷʵ

̫ȻģϢȷʵ

ãһᣬֵؽеȥ¡һãͻȻԼûдɴñæءɴñһȲʮڵ޹ȥ

һߣһڵΪ׿˵̬ջţϢĵҲһЩ

תֻҪ֤ҵļıãҾͻҵķ⡣ϰϣȻֻж㣬ܵٻ

ϲؼʮ£ȻʮµõϢҲǴΪܡ죬¶ģ뱱׿̸вؼŽУȥ

ʱҪϢԿС̻̲յҲһϲţŵ˶һ󿪻

⣬ڼ㣬̸һ󣬱͸ȫ˳ȥ

תۼ䣬ֵˡ

ű׿ʹǵصԼ£Ҳﱸòˡ

һڵԺ䡣߽һƮһʵ˭٣

ȻǷˡ

󾪣Цɴûء

ʵϣûЩҲȤߵ˫ֳļϣЦʲô

סңЦжһ䡣

ﳰŪЦôµͷˣ

΢Цţе㡣Ҫԣóȥ̰˲е̰ôһ뵽޷ǰİƾ棬һЦ֮Ʈ޾ް



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ʮУʱʹ߱ˡҪǰ̸ͣҲãƫƫЩҲҰġ

һյУʮµͻȻ֣ʹǲˣͬʱģƳǷֵﲿһ£

Ϣһһ£ʮµϵЦݸոתơ

ϢʱźЩǣμһ硣

ʯ̳ɵĵذ壬ľ㣬Ż̬߸ϵĹǣᣬҲμӡ

ɴϴЦ߳УŶֵسС˵׷͹

ʱ۽ǣԼԿͳˡˣȨУͷõġԿǸ߹иḡģڳţǽ壬߽ڹܿ¶һĨ

ʱȻˣʵЩУԼͷ˿ûкõȥ

ۼЦԽԽܿǸ

˼УԿߡȾ壬Це٣ôõʱ̣žһ

ԳԵֺãûЦ룬Գˣ㲻һɫΪԼ˲ˣֻǰѾ˻ΣڣԱߵһ󸾽̸

һĻŵɫһԱߵԿɫҲеѿŮ˴򽻵ӣظоԼϲʼΪǴκ޷ƭԼ

϶ԼĸоͬʱԿĶǲʡףһԼгȥӣҪԼԸųн죿ˣΪʲôмԼֵôأ

˴Ҳһվһ࣬ۿĲáԹĳţҲôס֪Уһ˵߰ɣǹˣǣҲе¡

⻰˵ֱӣֱӣ̵ˡһɫһЦһ䣬뵽ԼϾǳǿסˡ

ôѿʱһ̫༱˹̫ྶֱߵߣսӣЩʹ߲ˡ

üͷһ䣬̫ѹ˼֣⣬ݿɿϢƳǷﲿڵתͷŶһ˲˲ǽϵ֮һڹעı֣˴μˣһʱֹҲ̫ࡣ

У̫ͣһº͵ļ˵˵ƳǷﲿڣ

ʲô

ܿһۣѹɤʵ˵ʲô

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һĹ澼ַʱַǣع

ǡ

澣ҴȥǰһʣȴֲˡһֱĿȥŷ׷׶

УһֻؼЦ϶˴£㿴澼áߣΪԼ˲ˣã

ԱЦûһԿѺݺݵͺȵ죡

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Կݺݵ˵ЦôѲˣѾһϵġùҲֲ˺ã

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УԼúܿ죬ܿ졣

ڸղţѾ̫ϸϸǰǰѯ˼顣ֱҲ벻ʲôҪʵģʧػ̫ࡣ

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̫УظоԼϵˣ׵ϵˡ

Ǹҥԣʵ޷죬ֵʱʵ̫Ҫ̫ҪˡԼʮͶ·ʱʱˣõϢɵõһݡ֪ȷ֪ӦöЩ֣ϸϸ˽󣬲ܶ϶µαʶбץסˣˡ

ҧһתףתࡣ

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ڣֻҵһʱȫĽһ㡣

ӲУ֪ΪʲôȻ뵽˷뵽ʱǰݵģ򶨵ķ˷ˣһа취ɣ

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Ϊе

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һ䣬ȺС

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أߵײײسȺУҲ˲˺ˣҲ˱˵ĺʾݵĻڽǸ˼ı֪У⼷ȥóһ

Уڳ嵽һǰ⣬ųԯְѳһеˣ

еüΪϲŶš

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һӺݵģЦ崺˫һеؽе棬㣿

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ܣһֱҪ֪ΪԼʮ£ǲǶˡ

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˵öԣʮôʶģܻ֪ǰʱҲǺһ㣬

Ҫ£Ϣͨء

Ѱ˼һᣬڵضԼ°̧ϸߣȻһ԰һʾԼ߸ϵģ

һٴݸһЦĵ̬ȣڼøɫеѿʱˣҲˣҸˡء

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ǡ

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ɴѰһᣬͷץסһ澵㼱ʵأ˶ã

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һ㼱˵죬ȥʹʱﻹаӱܵ˼ģֻѷ˾ڶشĺϢ˵ʮ

˫໥ʶţһ˫۷Ź⣬һ첻ң첻Ұ

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ָֻ֪ˡֻҪǸֻ֤Ҫվ룬һúõضԴǣúõظмǵġرܶղŶ˵˵ģֻҪ˵ʵԼͻػ衣

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۰Ͱ͵ؿˣţ˿̵ıҲգҲգܹЩԼܾõףԼ˼ġ

رܶģڴģеؿܶŵֻҪԼ˵ˣԼԺһġ

ţܶҲգ⼸ҲգԦҲգվԼһߡ

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ܶ˵˵ģôָĿˣΪʲô

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ԦڵϣͷҲֻ̧Ƕ߶µ˵ûûУԶҲ֪

һѹˣ

̱ڵʱʮת˫ۣؿ³Ȼţʱ򣬻ƭ°ϧһֱԸƴӣû뵽ܶ£ԭǸſڿӵġ



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ʱһۻʧ״̬µԿĿת򸥶ǰһָ˵ǿͣ

лˡ

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ЦЦһӣ°ɡ

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ʱ΢Цѣˡ

ˮȻˣæֹͣƣǸ˵ò˵£ˣ֡

𵭵˵ˡĿԿ͡

ɫͷһתϵغȵҲ°ɡ

̬ԵüΪɣһȣҲʮ㡣ˣͬʱԿʾ

ͬ£ԼȴͬԾʧ棬µһۡ

ʱԿѹæ˵Ǿͺɡ

ԣͬʱ񣬻˵⡣

ԿᲽߵĶ棬¡úٿ𣬶ԼԼһƣͷ

ʱϸң֪Ϊ˺£

ԼҲգԿҲգȥ˼˵Ļֱ׵ÿżɽ

˫һᣬ̧ͷЦϷ𣬸˵ˣȰһġ

һ䣬ʧЦȻ˵͵ģ

Цһҧҧ˵һ˻ʲôô

ֱӣԴϵضԷ˵ڷһһ١ǷûУǼ޹˵ĸѲȢΪ󣿰ˣԸȢΪպأ˻ʵ۵ģ㻹Ҫ»ʣȡӣʲôЩУеǾɳȨŮеµȨ֮ŮǱƯк̨иֵ֧֡治֪ʱƾʲôЩƾʲôסٻ˵ں΢ʱ֪˶¡ͲԺ󵱹³ɹѵɻôһļУ˶дŵŮǰ֮ûô

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˵ִֹΪǸҰĵĸˣƫҪ˵ɷˣ˰

ʼʱ򣬷ýζţԽԽԾٵؿŸʧЦһظŮôʮ£Ǻ뷨غѾˡû뵽ʮ»

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Կһ㿴򸥶ǺЦ򸥶֮һ󣬷Щ£֪˴Ӱǲһʣİ˵ʱҡҡͷǶԼ

״գգۣɫƿľƣСʵˣ˵ʲôѽ

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˶٣뵽һʹøֱ棬һЦ˵ŶˣǹйˣҵСū澣µҡ

һͷ΢ĳѾĻֶΣȴ޷˵УѶӿͷ˵ԭ˱֪ޣҵȻޣ˶˻Ƶ˵ʱ˵ԼûǮ֪УصءǮһѣĸһֻǾ֮ͣûа˵㣬᲻ޣ

ޣȻޡС󣬶˵ĶãӵˣҪظ㣬㡣

ֹµū澣඼ɣҵĶԶҵġǶͣҪм㣬򲻸

һѰ˼ţһ߿ŸεԹԭǹ˵ֵˣ˵ˡֻһİǰˣ࣬Ҳ㣬㲻ҲǼǺޣ˻ͻᱨСˡ

ҲǷᵽ˾£е㼱٣ɫҲе㷢ࡣ

룬ʵʶ֣ƽ˼ϸ壬ڲչɫǸ˲šܵõĿ佱ͷһĨ˷ܡ

ʱʵǰ˵׺΢ʶ֣Ҳ͵ѧġ

꣬һЦؿŷЦ⻰Ҳţ˵ҵʵ̹ˣҲ޷ܡ˶٣սص˵˵֪֮𣿡ؿŷ𾪵ı飬߰˵Ҿ֪֮ˡ꣬ҾͷֺֻܶҪһۣ˵һ飬ʶáЩ壬˵ҾܹסңܶʱҵлһЩģĻ档֪Щ׿ͬͲͬҿԸ߸ϡ

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ȷʵ𾪣û뵽ӸĿеóĴ𰸡ҪԼҲΪˣֱҪ֮Աˡ

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һ䣬նػصȻ޹

̾һ˵ͷٴο򸥶ʵϼʱҵ֣˽ҵģԲԣ

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ԼʱİУҲαưɣ

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תԿ͸һʱˣλذɡ

վ

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˵ն񣬷·𿴵˷ıҽ֡

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Բ븥⻰ʲôпһ΢Цλذɡ

һߣһԿò׼˷ȴһ̸ֱ֮ۼߴٵɫӵضһۣᲽ߳

ʱԿһȥԶ˵ĸѹ˵ʮǸֶεˣ㵱Щ

˵գԽ˷

ͺһĿ˵ȥ˵ˣԼɾȴǸĵġ

ôģһͶʶѡ˵һûõķϻԼҲܵõһ·εȻ㣿



230 



һߣԶȥʵ˵ʲô

΢Ц˵˵ҳòôֱʹţǳ谮мӡһ浱˻ʵۣǧʱ㿷ᱻ㶪乬СԻ³ˣİӡ˵Һαظѣܹʮ£һأϮ棬Ů󡣡

ﶨؿ

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üЦ˵ǡһ˵ľ̫ˣе£ȥ롣

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뷴һ䣬֪ڴս٣µͷ˸Ӧǡ

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һ㵣һЦôҶ˵ͣ

ĴЦУһʻԶͣ߳һĳĳʩһ󣬹˵棬뽫Ʋ

޿޲ɵص˵ͷᲽ̤С˸ʣվãĹһңһҪ뽫ҡ

ȥɡ

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˵֪֪֮֮ƺ˵ľ֡ĪԼһҲǰļ䣬ȻȻʶ֣ණֻǼ䲢

˦˦ͷЩҪ

Ҫǣ֪ԼǰһΪʲôС뵱ΪεŮȫȫ⸨ɷ˫˫ݺԼԵʡܳһʱУ޷˯ֻҪһۣجоѡ

Լеԡ

ղ˸һϯϾ񸥶ֻǲҸ˶ѡϾǰôʧܡ

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Ըɱʹ졣ǷСĴۣõĳɾ͡Ǹϻ۵ˣȻȻϰġ

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ԿĻ˵֪ܣһǵʮֻЦ԰ҡҡλš

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ʮʱжţҲһƬİߺۡ˿Լתת飬ǼЦ

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Կ弸һѾʮµ죬ضһ˻ȵ˭˵˭

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ܵýƣķ̾һŵͣڣӦ뵽һģʱôˣǵĻలһЩŮңǰҲڸˡ

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룬һߣһߴɢԼͷĨԼֻʱɿЦҲ֪ңǰѰʱ÷˳ģ᲻Ծ



232 ҹ



ǰţ·ԶĽȴߵýƣĿĵңңڡۿҹɫҰУʱʱиʲôӰһڶԽؾ

һݶУͻȻһԡг¿ֻţĵתͷȥȴһҡҡλվһɣؿ

¹ҲеˡæջĿ⣬Ųӿ죬ԽԽ죬ԽԽ죬˺Ǳˡ

ûؿһ󣬷ǰƻͨĳţңҺôһʱ̣ŲϨ˻ѡȻĻһ·Ǻˡ

òףֻмˡųɢɢֵؤһϴ̱ڵء

Ϣ˺һᣬڻָһЩվ𣬷񣬷ɽŲسȥ

ڳ⣬д󻶺ͽкǻͽкÿ𶼿뵽ͷЦ緢ģȺΧңֺõģ

ϣǿİɣ㲻ȵڴˡ

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һ޷Ȼôؽʱ򣬷ôĲɡ˵һֱΪԼϣһ˻ʹԷȥׯء

뵽ֿЦҡͷ

һǳһŵ˰ͣ˽Ų

ûע⵽ԼԼͷְ˰ҧŴͷԼһϮŮѣǸװ磬ЩؤоòŮɫģǿˣҲ֪᲻Źң

ţɴһУҲȥ˶ĵط

ҧҧŲһۣ׼ҰֱԶĳǽ

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תۣʮߵ˷Ҳ࣬ҲֻʮԶĵط

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仰һһʮ£

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Կʮ˵Ź˸ʣֺңҵͷֺܣҷӭĹ˵ã

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ԶͶģпԿʮɢųֱͦӰڰɫпŹµ

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ʱסؿڷˡ˵Ϲ˶ر飬ˣֻܺСĺСĵضš

˼ʮµͷߵŶͷһߵߵߵţһ˴֮ܣǸϡȾƵĸˣû˵ظ˼飬ϣϡ

̾һ˫תŴƻͨԭһжģ



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Ҳʱһԣײϣƣȥˡ

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ʱҷɡܹΪʮǾۻܵص㣬Ļ˶šȻһعСʱ󣬼ûа㶯վ𣬻ľ֫

һһţʱʱ¹۲ţСֵıԵ

￴ȥһǵƻԻ͵ĳǳأһبŰ֡磬ǵƻôͻȻ䣬Եظоһּį

ǰԿһһȨ䵽ôһ³ʱһ仰ڽ̷ٷ뵽֪أǾ仰ӿԺԶֻһɶãϧû֡

һͻȻѸٵػعͷ

ֻҲԭҰУӰٵ߹

ڵһæС

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ڷһãǳطĹٵҲʮʿ

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ҧҧֻصղŵĴ£ϡ£˫ۣһܵĶһߵʱš

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Ҳ֪˭˷ͻȻһȡͣһʿŷһ٣еǣǿ˺ϲʣ

һ䣬ಣʮ˫Ŀˢˢôһͬʱе棬ͦʡ㿴⸾˵ΣǸġ

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ôһṦʮѳ嵽ǰǰһְѷһһֻСһԼȥ

Ĺɣڴ󺺺⣬׽ǵעѴƿٵϣ˳ְһӣѷˤϡҲʿеǣȻˣǻǻذɡ˻ȻЦЩ֪֣ڶǸոջӣ˵ʲô±һɱ¾ڳ찲ȫЩ

ϴ˵ǡ

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˵ղŮɴϢٻصǡ

ԭǵˡǶǿĳǳ֮һڶų֮䣬ӱ޵ĻӶǵǣһչ⾰



ߵλڿԴһˡͷԼ

ƿ濴ȥֻӲ󣬼ϻֻУʮˣڵЩеƾɡ

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ڹٵϣʱʿ

һߣֱߵ;з˶ͷһˮӲӲͷͷģʹżĿͶȤƿߡ

ʱһʮ˵Сͳʻ˹ʶ棬˴˱к

˵ЦУӶǷһʿӣ

߰ؽеˣɫҴңɣһǰɣ

кУҡҡͷŶǷһָЦʲôʱǣڶǶ췭ظˡ

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⼸Ů̧ͷǵͽеÿһǸˡЦӣ

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һᣬӵ˵˵¡󺺺ʵҲ֪ѰҵʲôˣҲһ͡

ʮǱߵһݺӹһЦǵ֪ġ

˺ĿУЦһʮģĸˡλҪգʲôڲͬĸˣ֪һ˵еҼɾҲԸóͽء



234 ʬ壿



ʮ±ˣ˵ģȷɡһʱ֮䣬´һһ

һķʱһ룬ЩֻҪϸ룬ᷢĳҲܿɿһģһ˶ڳ⡣󺺵˵Ǻã

ʪģֱýŵʸɿʱһֱעŵĴ󺺵ˣҲ֪ǲ뵽

˶Լ˼һҧѹԱһŮʵλ˭ѽ濡ֻϧ۾

Ů˱ϲԣοǶֿ߹ˣŮõѣͬʱʮ¿ȥҲ֪˭ͻȻλˡ˵еʮ£ҲǸ۾õء

󣬿ôеʱһгмıһˢˢʮ¿ȥſţһɫе

״ˮͰһǳһŵسϪȥ

ʵصͷǰͷĲۣ߳Զûмע⵽ʱ̣ǸԷɵʿҲԱߵ˶ʮݵĲ²⡣

ûͷҲ֪۷׷סЩ²СҲʮµ⡣

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˵Ѿһţôǣ˵ɱ˾Ͳ˿ǹٵױ˿

΢ЦȻǲݣǾ˳һ˵ҵͷ˺üƵġ뷨ǰ⻰ȥ

ǡ

ʮ̧ͷ˫ߵļͷ΢΢Цͼ֮ģﰡпŪˣǳ²㰡

ǻܿʮµĻӡǵۺͲ²УҲɫת

ҳԶɢʱ˻ڽͷӶš

ʱһ۲춯ķҲϢȥʮһзղŻں£ɱڡ

õϢǵھһѰ﷢֣ͽ޹ңĶƺ˶෽

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вʱһŲһڵ²ˡ

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ģżľȻ˵ߣȥǡʬ֣˵ڡ

˼Ӧǡ󲽳ȥ

һ߳ԶԿ׷ϹϾطһºͺ͵˵ҲڣҲϤģһȥɡ

Կ˼ֻǼԼȻɫ´ϲæӦǡ

һƺƵس˹ţʻ򶫳š

˿̵Ķţɽ˺ȦȦΧˡﵽʱһ߱ܿһָָš

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Կʱֽѯʣ˶Ҫ˵ʲôûгڣۿǺ͸˵㡣

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Կͷ˵ǣһ룬ɴһ˿ڣӣ

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ʱת󲽳ȥתҪ뿪Կܽеɡ

ûлͷƽƽûκ˵ǡ

һ䣬Ѹȥ

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һˤʮǱֱڵϹ

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ǡ

һȥͷȻ˼Уþһ

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ᣬ÷·¾ʲô

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ǡ

ʮ£ҧгݵؽгֺڵ˵ͨȥṩʮߣͽǧͷ­ߣ

ǡ

룬ֳУǹʮеģелҪǡ

仰һüͬʱеɡ򲻿ɡ

⼸ֱԴ󳼺ĻţǼһ䡣ʱһʧɫ

찡е㣬Ǵһ仰ʼеıңҲ㰡

ǵ˺ò׻ϲϲӭѲɣⲻ붯У

һĻһߴһ߽е򲻿ʮµļơʬڳſڣ봥ŭ㣬ŭǨŭ˰

ǰʱҪ˼а



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߰ȰУﰺͷѪɫ޸ضЩˡģ˫ۣ˵Ҳա

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ҲעתƣǸԷ˵ĵʿûעԱߵ˸̸š

𰲾һ࣬һߺŻ˸Ұ˵࣬һ߿Ÿͷڽ䱾е㰵־͵ʵһҲۡ

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һ죬ٵϸˡ濴˵ĸҥԣɡ

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Ǹ߸İǳأؿſڼͻȻģţʵطһҲǲġ

ʱ̳һӼǵĶ顣ڱ˴кУ󺺽е壬߾ʲô£

Ƶʮе˵Ҳôһ׮ˢˢתͷ濴ʱϺе˵סʹҪǱ׿˵ϢͨϺһ·ϣ㿴ǵĶ顣˵ʲôģ

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Ȼ׿̫ϱ׿һˣڱ׿ƴǼ޹ĹôֻһССӣ

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ǰǰǱ׿ĹȻƯý

˵Ķˣ˵˵ţ㳶Ů˵ɫ档ڷЩȨĲжţͨУûдô졣޹˵ĸˣ˵Ȼ΢ʡ

һ³ʱ澸һͷŮҲֻһۣͷ

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ְؿϣʧټգպصߣ⼸յľҲΪе۵㡣岻ףҲ˵ˡ

Ҳ֪˼̫ͻȻθһ󷭹졣

һ͸һۣеɲ档

ǿһЦ䣬һСŮҲֹ춼вǵģͿ쵽ˡ

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ԼʵڲųԯԦ˵һ㡣˵գ³

ʱ󺺲صŷ𣬺ȵˣүʵšߡ

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ҲţǴŭһۡʱһʿҲе⸾ʵ죬һǱˣ

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ؿųڣ˫ۣ䣬Լֵ

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ǰʱҲһӡ

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ڷ˼ʱһΪĳӭʻš

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һؽеǣҪ𣿡

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˵ʾġ˵ǲ뱱׿Ĺһ֦㣬ƽ

ǰȻ˱׿ĹûаѱȨʾþ֮ĵ

Ǻ°Ƿ˳ֲ֣ҲҪˡ

ȻҪԴ˵˵⣬Ҳ֪ǲǸɾӣʹ˲ˣҲʡ鷳Ůһʧ٣Ǳɽ˹ˣǱǸɮ˿ڷ˼ȻȻǸɾġҿǸʺλãһڡ

˭˵أ

һ䣬һ飬شĶС



236  ȥ



ͷɶͷ鷢סԼۡôһṦеˣæ졣

ʱ紵˳̧ͷÿװλУǸŮڴЦݡ

ЦݣðһŮ˶δԼˣڴ

˫ۣϡͻȻģԸصˡôǴȥʱʱҵ㡣Ǻͻ۵ǮҲԹúܺá

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ڷųѰ˼ʱ˻ΣͣţŮǻϲؽе˵ˡһ˵

ں棬Ҳ˽һڡ⸮۹⿴Ҳͨµģֵý

˸ţ󺺼ĴڡҲȥ룬Ů

һһ·ͬеԸ˼䣬̸ǺַԸŮסһ󷿼С

ܰҲ̸ǵﶼ޺ú󣬱ʵһɨ㣬Ժɨ

ǻ֪ʲôʱԼԼһ

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ʱջšͷһûһµɨţҳɨø߸𣬺ܿһͷһԭ㲻ķ¸ǻͷˡ

һ·ϣŮüƵܿǺεıĵĿ⣬΢΢һЦֵͷɨ

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һ죬ϢԷɨԺ䲻󣬱ôһǸɾ쳣

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ϲϲ־ɨֻ͵أֻµԺĸооֻԼ徻

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Ȼ󣬵ΪǣԳһɷ˿̣׿вԭʹл̻̣λʹǳسϣ

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У˻еʧǵָͦЩؽ͵ġ˶У˾һ𣬷ųֻŷᡣ

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㻹˵ʺ󣬷˱Ǻ׼޸ôһȣﻹʲôͷȫ˵ı׿ȥˣ



238 ȷ



Щͬʱǳ֮Ա

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̧ͷ

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˼

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ǡ

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һˣһĸˡ



239  ˭ŵҥԣһ



Ĭһᣬʵͳǵ̤ϣ㲻·ˣ

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ͷѰ˼ϵʮһֱڹעŶǵһһΪԸʧˣҲ뵽뿪

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ֻҡͷҡͷĿ㱵ؿǰ͵˵ڹңӳôĵؽһҲ档߽ˣħˣΪǾȪ֪֮



240 ΪڶƱ



໥һۣ̾Ϣ⼸ǴһԵĽϣһ˵ǷϺãۿҪΪȤ˵ӺͳݣĿ޷סеĽǺͷꡣ

ͷŴһųسǣ

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ȥʱһʱҲϢǸϲˣʱûа˵Ŀ

ʱȨضڹ⣬ӳһۣѹŴ˵

ǡ

٣ڹոʱһóƻ˻Ρһݣæ˺ֱ롣

ȨǼ״׷ʵ˭

ʻмȨѽеղŽȥˣˣ

ˣȨæΧϹڵõ˴𰸺֣׼ӽ

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ſڣֳһۣʾ⣬Լͷõ˽ȥ

뷿ţ㼱̧ͷĿس￴ȥԴһѺܾúܾûпˡ

ͷһӴ͸ǳǳĴǣһߵģеѹֵ

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ӳۿеˮﰺͷ˵Լ޹ҵ޹ССô

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仰ȴ֮ԡ׿Ӱеˣʱ̣ԭӦñӵġڲӳߥ

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һˣ㿴ӳѪɫӺ޸ضڵغȵҹ

羪ףӳһᶼǵˣһ˳ȥ

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һ죬ȨǶˮһӿʹ

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վǳǳЦǰ

Ȼ쾭塣

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ںУЩʲôȨŮԭǲҲǹģڣÿ˶бۿһг͵⡣

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241 ͨ



ЩƵƵȨǵĸڣͷ׿ڶЩ׿ͻʹͻȻ֣ǵķ棬ʱڶšĳ¹Ȩ󣬸ҪȻǸԶԶָֻš

ԺУվڷ࣬ͷǶˡ׿ӸظʱǼò˸㲪Ȼŭҽۡ衣

˵꿴𣬾ʵˣ㿴

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꼱ˣҵؽеһ¹Ҫս𣿽϶ѵġ

𾲾ض˹˵ҲѣҽҸʲôڣͨ飬Ĳıʲôˣӳϳȥǡ

ЦЦ˵ֻҪӳǽʹǵǸŵȢ׿ϢȺ֮ŭˡ

뱱׿Ѻ۵ȻȨǰġ

껹Ǽ˵ǣոλ֮ʱ԰ΪҪһŭ˱׿

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һŮҲ̲סеҼҹڱʱҲ֮ҽԸǱʱĹ𣿡

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243  ˭˭



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244  ʧ



һ䣬ͬʱ߾٣ұ죬еʧˣǺɭɭļͷһ˫˫ƻ۾

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£ʮµĻˣʱҲĿڿߵĻһѪУʮȵɱˣһɱˣ

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ⲯ飬뷨ӰתСǰӹóĲ顣

Ѳ뻳Уİ£ͿңִһңһϮۣš



һܶΪԷĸ飬ͷҪԣܻڵλգʱǷ

ҿһʱŮˣ쾭壬Ȼ¡ݼô飬ʷΣѺͽʱ˲䣬ֹһΡڼ⼫ʱ¸ټ

˵˶ŮˣǸĸԺӣǱܱ֤Լ˼־ʱʱʱע⵽ССӰƵرáú˵ҪǸʱŮУҲǸƷʷϣ˾ˣŮ˾ŮˣΪŮ˺Ҫܴϻۣ˾ͻԼһأ𾴡



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ɴ˫ۣһЦڵ˵һߣԶҲٻˡԹҲ˳˽ʱ򡣡
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